bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sonographic diagnosis of pulmonary embolism with cardiac arrest without major dilation of the right ventricle or direct sign of lower limb venous thrombosis
Authors: Volpicelli, Giovanni , Mussa Alessandro , Frascisco, Mauro F. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBedside focused echocardiography diagnosis of massive pulmonary embolism during cardiac arrest is mainly based on the detection of a dilated right ventricle, while the lack of compressibility of a deep vein of the lower limbs confirms diagnosis in doubtful cases. We describe a case of unusual sonographic signs in a young woman with cardiac arrest due to massive pulmonary embolism showing spontaneous blood echogenicity in the inferior vena cava (“sludge sign”) and nonmodulated (“flat”) Doppler waveform in the left lower limb veins, suggesting isolated iliac vein thrombosis. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 40:529–533, 2012
Fusiform Micelles from Nonlinear Poly(ethylene glycol)/Polylactide Copolymers as Biodegradable Drug Carriers
Authors: Li Taihang , Han Ruiyan , Wang Mingzhe , Liu Changbai , Jing Xiabin , Huang Yubin 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPEG‐PLA copolymers with dumbbell‐ and Y‐shaped structures are prepared. They can self‐assemble from nanoparticles to micro‐sized fusiform micellar particles in aqueous solution. In particular the micelles formed by the (PLA)2‐PEG‐(PLA)2 particles show a better drug loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency than those formed by linear MPEG‐PLA. In vitro studies show that the particles formed by Y‐shaped copolymers show a particularly quick drug release. The copolymers have good biocompatibility with low cytotoxicity. These unique self‐assembled systems thus have many possible biomedical applications, such as a sustained delivery of high‐dosed water insoluble drugs, quick effective drugs for trauma, controlled delivery of the oral‐administration drugs, and so forth. magnified image
T2 mapping from highly undersampled data by reconstruction of principal component coefficient maps using compressed sensing
Authors: Huang Chuan , Graff Christian G. , Clarkson Eric W. , Bilgin Ali , Altbach Maria I. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractRecently, there has been an increased interest in quantitative MR parameters to improve diagnosis and treatment. Parameter mapping requires multiple images acquired with different timings usually resulting in long acquisition times. While acquisition time can be reduced by acquiring undersampled data, obtaining accurate estimates of parameters from undersampled data is a challenging problem, in particular for structures with high spatial frequency content. In this work, principal component analysis is combined with a model‐based algorithm to reconstruct maps of selected principal component coefficients from highly undersampled radial MRI data. This novel approach linearizes the cost function of the optimization problem yielding a more accurate and reliable estimation of MR parameter maps. The proposed algorithm—reconstruction of principal component coefficient maps using compressed sensing—is demonstrated in phantoms and in vivo and compared with two other algorithms previously developed for undersampled data. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Criminal conviction among offspring with parental history of mental disorder
Authors: Dean K. , Mortensen P. B. , Stevens H. , Murray R. M. , Walsh E. , Agerbo E. 
Published: August 2011

BackgroundOffspring of parents with mental disorder are at risk of a range of adverse outcomes. We sought to establish whether such risks extend to offending by examining rates of criminal conviction, including conviction for violent and sexual offences, among offspring of parents with mental disorder compared to offspring without parental disorder.MethodFrom a random sample of the Danish population, a cohort aged ⩽15 years (n=412 117) was followed for the occurrence of conviction between January 1981 and December 2006. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and cumulative incidences for offspring conviction by parental mental disorder status were calculated using a Cox regression model. Analyses were repeated for conviction for a serious first offence.ResultsOffspring with history of parental mental disorder had higher rates of conviction than those without parental disorder; rates were highest for those with two affected parents [IRR 3.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.08–3.73]. The association persisted when parental gender, offspring gender and the nature of parental disorder were considered. Absolute rates were lower but relative rates higher for female offspring (IRR 3.26 for males with two affected parents, 4.52 for females). Similar patterns were seen for conviction for serious offences. Associations were attenuated after adjustment was made for family socio-economic position (SEP) and parental criminality.ConclusionsOffspring of parents with mental disorder represent a group at elevated risk of criminality. This raises the possibility of shared familial vulnerability for mental disorder and criminal behaviour, and highlights the need to consider early identification and intervention in this group.
Novel temporal, fine‐scale and growth variation phenotypes in roots of adult‐stage maize (Zea mays L.) in response to low nitrogen stress
Authors: GAUDIN AMELIE C. M. , MCCLYMONT SARAH A. , HOLMES BRIDGET M. , LYONS ERIC , RAIZADA MANISH N. 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTThere is interest in discovering root traits associated with acclimation to nutrient stress. Large root systems, such as in adult maize, have proven difficult to be phenotyped comprehensively and over time, causing target traits to be missed. These challenges were overcome here using aeroponics, a system where roots grow in the air misted with a nutrient solution. Applying an agriculturally relevant degree of low nitrogen (LN) stress, 30‐day‐old plants responded by increasing lengths of individual crown roots (CRs) by 63%, compensated by a 40% decline in CR number. LN increased the CR elongation rate rather than lengthening the duration of CR growth. Only younger CR were significantly responsive to LN stress, a novel finding. LN shifted the root system architectural balance, increasing the lateral root (LR)‐to‐CR ratio, adding ∼70 m to LR length. LN caused a dramatic increase in second‐order LR density, not previously reported in adult maize. Despite the near‐uniform aeroponics environment, LN induced increased variation in the relative lengths of opposing LR pairs. Large‐scale analysis of root hairs (RHs) showed that LN decreased RH length and density. Time‐course experiments suggested the RH responses may be indirect consequences of decreased biomass/demand under LN. These results identify novel root traits for genetic dissection.
Anti tumour necrosis factor as risk factor for free perforations in Crohn’s disease? A case–control study
Authors: Eshuis E. J. , Griffioen G. H. M. J. , Stokkers P. C. F. , Ubbink D. T. , Bemelman W. A. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAim  Although the occurrence of intestinal perforation in Crohn’s disease (CD) is rare, clinical observation has led to the question whether anti tumour necrosis factor (TNF) treatment is a risk factor for free perforation. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible relation between anti‐TNF treatment and occurrence of free perforation, defined as intestinal perforations leading to emergency surgery.Method  In this case–control study, all emergency operation reports from the period 1999–2009 of patients diagnosed with CD were checked for the presence of free perforation. These cases were compared with a sixfold larger control group derived from our CD patient database. Cases and controls were matched for age, gender, Montreal classification and surgical stage to ensure equal disease severity. Cases and controls were then compared regarding previous or current exposure to anti‐TNF treatment.Results  Thirteen patients underwent emergency surgery for spontaneous free perforation. Eight (62%) had been treated with anti‐TNF within 5 months before the perforation. In the 78 matched controls, 29 (37%) had been or were still treated with anti‐TNF. The odds for a free perforation adjusted for known confounders in two separate regression analyses were significantly higher in anti‐TNF treated CD patients, albeit with a large confidence interval (OR 4.1, 95% CI: 1.1–16.0; and OR 23.0, 95% CI 2.2–238.5).Conclusion  This study showed a higher occurrence of free perforations in CD patients with anti‐TNF therapy compared with those without anti‐TNF therapy. Patients with CD and anti‐TNF treatment showing acute abdominal pain must be suspected of this complication.
Academic self‐concept in high school: Predictors and effects on adjustment in higher education
Authors: WOUTERS SOFIE , GERMEIJS VEERLE , COLPIN HILDE , VERSCHUEREN KARINE 
Published: August 2011

Wouters, S., Germeijs, V., Colpin, H. & Verschueren, K. (2011). Academic self‐concept in high school: Predictors and effects on adjustment in higher education. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 52, 586–594.Academic self‐concept is considered a relevant psychological construct influencing many educational outcomes directly or indirectly. Therefore, the major focus of the current study is on the predictors and effects of academic self‐concept in late adolescence. First, we studied the simultaneous effects of individual, class‐average and school‐average achievement (i.e., assessed by school grades) on academic self‐concept in the final year of high school, thereby replicating and extending previous research on the big‐fish‐little‐pond effect model. Second, the predictive value of high school academic self‐concept for academic adjustment and success in the first year of higher education was examined. The sample comprised 536 twelfth grade students (44% boys) recruited from 24 schools (67 classes) that were representative with regard to geographical region and educational network in Flanders. Structural equation modeling showed that, when examining the joint contribution of school‐ and class‐average achievement, only class‐average achievement was significantly and negatively associated with academic self‐concept. Furthermore, a significant effect of academic self‐concept in high school on academic adjustment and success in higher education (in addition to any effects of high school academic achievement) was found. These results highlight the importance of considering academic self‐concept in educational research and policy.
Genetic variation in the 5′UTR of the KRT2.13 gene of sheep
Authors: MCKENZIE Grant W. , ARORA Reena , HICKFORD Jon G. H. 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTKRT2.13 is a type II keratin wool intermediate filament (IF) protein. Extensive variation was revealed in the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) of the ovine KRT2.13 gene (KRT2.13) using polymerase chain reaction – single strand conformational polymorphism (PCR‐SSCP) analysis. Nine unique PCR‐SSCP patterns were obtained with individual sheep having either one (homozygous), or a combination of two (heterozygous) of these patterns. Seven of the amplicons that produced the apparently homozygous patterns were successfully sequenced (GenBank FJ217670 – FJ217676), revealing eight single nucleotide insertions, 10 single nucleotide substitutions, a nucleotide deletion and a 16 nucleotide insertion that occurred in only one of the sequences. The seven sequences showed between 85% and 95% homology to the previously identified KRT2.13 sequence (GenBank X72379). This study emphasizes the power of PCR‐SSCP analysis in genotyping, as this extensive variation was found in only 100 sheep, of a variety of breeds. Since variation in the 5′UTR of genes may affect their expression, this genetic variation needs to be further studied to establish its role if any, in influencing gene expression and consequently wool traits.
Renegade subhaloes in the Local Group
Authors: Knebe Alexander , Libeskind Noam I , Doumler Timur , Yepes Gustavo , Gottlöber Stefan , Hoffman Yehuda 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Using a dark matter only Constrained Local UniversE Simulation (CLUES) we examine the existence of subhaloes that change their affiliation from one of the two prominent hosts in the Local Group (i.e. the Milky Way and the Andromeda galaxy) to the other, and call these objects ‘renegade subhaloes’. In light of recent claims that the two Magellanic Clouds (MCs) may have originated from another region (or even the outskirts) of the Local Group or that they have been spawned by a major merger in the past of the Andromeda galaxy, we investigate the nature of such events. However, we cannot confirm that renegade subhaloes enter as deep into the potential well of their present host nor that they share the most simplest properties with the MCs, namely mass and relative velocity. Our simulation rather suggests that these renegade subhaloes appear to be flying past one host before being pulled into the other. A merger is not required to trigger such an event, it is rather the distinct environment of our simulated Local Group facilitating such behaviour. Since just a small fraction of the full z= 0 subhalo population are renegades, our study indicates that it will be intrinsically difficult to distinguish them despite clear differences in their velocity, radial distribution, shape and spin parameter distributions.
Absence of Equid Herpesvirus‐1 Reactivation and Viremia in Hospitalized Critically Ill Horses
Authors: Carr E. , Schott H. , Pusterla N. 
Published: August 2011

Background: Equid herpesvirus‐1 (EHV‐1) reactivation and shedding can occur in latently infected, asymptomatic animals. Risk factors for reactivation include stress and illness. The risk of asymptomatic shedding in hospitalized, critically ill horses with acute abdominal disease is unknown. This information is important to assess the need for additional biosecurity protocols to prevent spread of EHV‐1 in hospitalized critically ill horses with acute abdominal disorders.
Objectives: To determine the frequency of reactivation and nasal shedding of EHV‐1 in hospitalized critically ill horses.
Animals: One hundred twenty‐four client‐owned horses admitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital with acute abdominal disorders were included in the study.
Methods: Cross‐sectional study examining the risk of reactivation of EHV‐1 in horses admitted with acute, severe, gastrointestinal disease. Whole blood and nasal secretions were collected throughout hospitalization. In addition, mandibular lymph nodes were collected from 9 study horses and 26 other Michigan horses. All samples were tested for the presence of EHV‐1 nucleic acid by real‐time PCR assays targeting the glycoprotein B gene and the polymerase (ORF 30) gene.
Results: One hundred and twenty‐four horses met the inclusion criteria. None of the samples were positive for EHV‐1 DNA.
Conclusion and Clinical Importance: These results suggest that nasal shedding and viremia of EHV‐1 in hospitalized critically ill horses with acute abdominal disorder is extremely rare. Implementation of additional biosecurity protocols to limit aerosol spread of EHV‐1 among horses with acute abdominal disease and other hospitalized horses is not necessary.
Efficacy of Single Intravenous Injection of Peramivir against Influenza B Virus Infection in Ferrets and Cynomolgus Macaques
Authors: Kitano Mitsutaka , Itoh Yasushi , Kodama Makoto , Ishigaki Hirohito , Nakayama Misako , Ishida Hideaki , Baba Kaoru , Noda Takahiro , Sato Kenji , Nihashi Yoichiro , Kanazu Takushi , Yoshida Ryu , Torii Ryuzo , Sato Akihiko , Ogasawara Kazumasa 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACT

We evaluated the efficacy of a single intravenous dose peramivir for treatment of influenza B virus infection in ferrets and cynomolgus macaques in the present study. A single dose of peramivir (60 mg/kg of body weight) given to ferrets on 1 day postinfection with influenza B virus significantly reduced median area under the curve (AUC) virus titers (peramivir, 8.3 log
10
50% tissue culture infective doses [TCID
50
s]·day/ml; control, 10.7 log
10
TCID
50
s·day/ml;
P
< 0.0001). Furthermore, nasal virus titers on day 2 postinfection in ferrets receiving a single injection of peramivir (30 mg/kg) and AUCs of the body temperature increase in ferrets receiving a single injection of peramivir (30 and 60 mg/kg) were lower than those in ferrets administered oral oseltamivir phosphate (30 and 60 mg/kg/day twice daily for 3 days). In macaques infected with influenza B virus, viral titers in the nasal swab fluid on days 2 and 3 postinfection and body temperature after a single injection of peramivir (30 mg/kg) were lower than those after oral administration of oseltamivir phosphate (30 mg/kg/day for 5 days). The two animal models used in the present study demonstrated that inhibition of viral replication at the early time point after infection was critical in reduction of AUCs of virus titers and interleukin-6 production, resulting in amelioration of symptoms. Our results shown in animal models suggest that the early treatment with a single intravenous injection of peramivir is clinically recommended to reduce symptoms effectively in influenza B virus infection.
Downregulation of RBMS3 Is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Li Yan , Chen Leilei , Nie Chang-jun , Zeng Ting-ting , Liu Haibo , Mao Xueying , Qin Yanru , Zhu Ying-Hui , Fu Li , Guan Xin-Yuan 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Deletions on chromosome 3p occur often in many solid tumors, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), suggesting the existence at this location of one or more tumor suppressor genes (TSG). In this study, we characterized RBMS3 gene encoding an RNA-binding protein as a candidate TSG located at 3p24. Downregulation of RBMS3 mRNA and protein levels was documented in approximately 50% of the primary ESCCs examined. Clinical association studies determined that RBMS3 downregulation was associated with poor clinical outcomes. RBMS3 expression effectively suppressed the tumorigenicity of ESCC cells in vitro and in vivo, including by inhibition of cell growth rate, foci formation, soft agar colony formation, and tumor formation in nude mice. Molecular analyses revealed that RBMS3 downregulated c-Myc and CDK4, leading to subsequent inhibition of Rb phosphorylation. Together, our findings suggest a tumor suppression function for the human RBMS3 gene in ESCC, acting through c-Myc downregulation, with genetic loss of this gene in ESCC contributing to poor outcomes in this deadly disease. Cancer Res; 71(19); 6106–15. ©2011 AACR.
Connectedness of approximate solutions set for vector equilibrium problems in Hausdorff topological vector spaces
Authors: Chen Bin , Liu Qing-you , Liu Zhi-bin , Huang Nan-jing 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn this paper, a scalarization result of ε-weak efficient solution for a vector equilibrium problem (VEP) is given. Using this scalarization result, the connectedness of ε-weak efficient and ε-efficient solutions sets for the VEPs are proved under some suitable conditions in real Hausdorff topological vector spaces. The main results presented in this paper improve and generalize some known results in the literature.
Stability of common fixed points in uniform spaces
Authors: Mishra Swaminath , Singh Shyam Lal , Stofile Simfumene 
Published: August 2011

AbstractStability results for a pair of sequences of mappings and their common fixed points in a Hausdorff uniform space using certain new notions of convergence are proved. The results obtained herein extend and unify several known results.AMS(MOS) Subject classification 2010: 47H10; 54H25.
The Fragility of Estimated Effects of Unilateral Divorce Laws on Divorce Rates
Authors: Lee Jin Young , Solon Gary 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Following an influential article by Friedberg (1998) on the response of divorce rates to the adoption of unilateral divorce laws, Wolfers (2006) explored the sensitivity of Friedberg’s results to allowing for dynamic response. We in turn explore the sensitivity of Wolfers’s results to variations in estimation method and functional form, and we find that the results are extremely fragile. We conclude first that the impact of unilateral divorce laws remains unclear. Second, we make the methodological point that identification in differences-in-differences research becomes weaker in the presence of dynamics, especially in the presence of unit-specific time trends.
Biologic Disease-modifying Drug Treatment Patterns and Associated Costs for Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: McBRIDE STEPHAN , SARSOUR KHALED , WHITE LEIGH ANN , NELSON DAVID R. , CHAWLA ANITA J. , JOHNSTON JOSEPH A. 
Published: August 2011

Objective.To assess the influence of biologic treatment patterns on healthcare costs for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) initiating tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) antagonist therapy.Methods.Patients with 2 RA diagnoses (International Classification of Diseases, 9th ed, 714.xx), and without psoriasis or Crohn’s disease, were identified in a US employer-based insurance claims database. A sample of 2545 was constructed based on an index event of initiating TNF-α antagonist therapy and 30 months of continuous enrollment. Baseline characteristics were assessed in the 6-month pre-index period and treatment patterns were determined during the 12-month post-index period. Medical service and prescription drug costs were analyzed for Months 13–24 using multivariate regression analysis to control for baseline characteristics and time-varying confounding associated with treatment and disease severity.Results.In the first year after TNF-α initiation, 89% used a single TNF-α antagonist; only 9% and 2% had switched TNF-α antagonists or received non-TNF biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, respectively. Descriptive analyses revealed pairwise differences between groups (p < 0.05) in baseline characteristics (comorbidities, RA-related procedure use, and prescription drug use). Controlling for observed baseline characteristics, costs were greater for those treated with multiple vs single TNF-α antagonists: annual RA-related prescription drug costs ($8,340 vs $7,058; p = 0.012), RA-related healthcare costs ($15,048 vs $13,312; p = 0.008), and total healthcare costs ($26,697 vs $21,381; p < 0.001).Conclusion.In this sample, the majority of patients with RA were treated with a single TNF-α antagonist over the first year on therapy. For those who switched therapy, Year 2 RA-related and total direct healthcare costs were higher, adjusting for claims-based measures of RA disease severity.