bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soluble polynorbornenes with pendant carbazole derivatives as host materials for highly efficient blue phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Ha Park Jun , Koh Tae‐Wook , Do Youngkyu , Hyung Lee Min , Yoo Seunghyup 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe report novel host polymers for a high‐efficiency polymer‐based solution‐processed phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diode with typical blue‐emitting dopant bis(4,6‐difluorophenylpyridinato‐N,C2)iridium(III) picolinate (FIrpic). The host polymers, soluble polynorbornenes with pendant carbazole derivatives, N‐phenyl‐9H‐carbazole (P1), N‐biphenyl‐9H‐carbazole (P2), and 9,9′‐(1,3‐phenylene)bis‐9H‐carbazole (mCP) (P3) are efficiently synthesized by vinyl addition polymerization of norbornene monomers using Pd(II) catalyst in combination with 1‐octene chain transfer agent. The polymers exhibit high thermal stability with high decomposition (Td5 > 410 °C) and glass transition temperatures (Tg ≈ 268 °C). The HOMO (ca. −5.5 to −5.7 eV) and LUMO (ca. −2.0 to −2.1 eV) levels with the high triplet energy of about 2.7–3.0 eV suggest that the polymers are suitable for a host material for blue emitters. Among the solution‐processed devices that were fabricated based on the emissive layers containing the P1−P3 host doped with various concentrations of FIrpic (7–13 wt %), the best device with P3 host exhibits power efficiency of 3.0 lm W−1 and external quantum efficiency of 4.0% at a luminance of 1000 cd m−2 that is outstanding among the polymeric rivals. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Towards the field theory of the Standard Model on fractional D6‐branes on T6/ℤ6′: Yukawa couplings and masses
Authors: Honecker G. , Vanhoof J. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe present the perturbative Yukawa couplings of the Standard Model on fractional intersecting D6‐branes on T6/ℤ6′ and discuss two mechanisms of creating mass terms for the vector‐like particles in the matter spectrum, through perturbative three‐point couplings and through continuous D6‐brane displacements.
IIB Superfluid flows
Authors: Areán D. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe construct holographic superfluid flow solutions in a five‐dimensional theory that arises as a consistent truncation of low energy type IIB string theory. We then study the phase diagram of these systems in terms of the temperature and superfluid velocity. Finally, we construct solutions representing the ground state of these superfluids for velocities below a critical value. These are charged anisotropic AdS domain walls that demonstrate the emergence of quantum criticality in the IR.
MBE growth of cubic AlN films on MgO substrate via cubic GaN buffer layer
Authors: Kakuda Masahiro , Makino Kenzo , Ishida Takashi , Kuboya Shigeyuki , Onabe Kentaro 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe effect of a cubic GaN (c‐GaN) buffer layer in the cubic AlN (c‐AlN) growth on MgO substrate was investigated. Cubic AlN films were grown on MgO(001) substrates via a c‐GaN buffer layer by RF‐MBE. The c‐AlN growth was confirmed by RHEED and XRD reciprocal space mapping analysis. On the other hand, no cubic AlN was grown without the c‐GaN buffer. Therefore the c‐GaN buffer is necessary for the growth of c‐AlN on MgO. It is considered that the lesser lattice‐mismatch between c‐AlN and c‐GaN than c‐AlN and MgO suppresses the hexagonal‐phase inclusion. Only 0.5‐nm‐thick c‐GaN buffer layer is enough for the c‐AlN growth although the thin buffer layer causes rough surfaces of the c‐AlN films. The effect of the c‐AlN film growth condition on the c‐AlN structural properties was also investigated. The growth temperature of 700 °C and an Al‐rich growing surface are required for the growth of smooth‐surface c‐AlN films. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Normally‐off AlGaN/GaN MOSHFET using ALD SiO2 tunnel dielectric and ALD HfO2 charge storage layer for power device application
Authors: Lee Bongmook , Kirkpatrick Casey , Choi Young‐hwan , Yang Xiangyu , Huang Alex Q. , Misra Veena 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn this work, we have demonstrated a normally‐off AlGaN/GaN metal‐oxide semiconductor heterojunction field effect transistor (MOSHFET) wherein the enhancement mode operation is enabled by charge storage characteristics within a high‐k layer. By combining ALD SiO2 tunnel dielectric and HfO2 charge trapping layer, up to 7 V of threshold voltage (VT) shift depending on the applied gate pulse amplitude (corresponding ∼ 1.2 × 1013 charges/cm2 stored within the charge storage layer) is obtained. Electrical characteristics such as gate leakage current, transconductance, and off‐state breakdown after programming are similar to the initial device. Retention characteristics show about 20% of charge loss after 20000 s. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A hardware proof of concept for a remote‐controlled glacier‐surveying boat
Authors: Neal Mark , Blanchard Tom , Hubbard Alun , Chauché Nolwenn , Bates Richard , Woodward John 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe design of a prototype remote‐controlled glacier‐surveying robot, capable of taking accurate above‐ and below‐water measurements of calving glacier fronts, using swath bathymetry and laser scanning hardware is presented. Data captured using the remote control system during field trials on the Lille Gletscher in western Greenland are informally compared with data captured using the same sensors from the same glacier using a much larger manned vessel during the same time period. The potential use of such a device during extended repeat survey missions is discussed and the implications in terms of both the improvement in data quality and the logistics in the field are also outlined. Future improvements to the robot and in particular the control system are described, as well as mechanical and electrical design considerations that became apparent during trials. The transition to a more autonomous system and the possibility of full autonomy are considered. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
SVM‐based anti‐forensic method for spread‐spectrum fingerprinting
Authors: Feng Hui , Ling Hefei , Zou Fuhao , Lu Zhengding 
Published: February 2012

AbstractDigital fingerprinting is an emerging digital forensic technology that has been developed to detect digital forgeries and identify the pirates who leak the copies. Understanding the weaknesses and limitations of existing fingerprinting schemes and designing anti‐forensic approaches play an important role in the development of digital fingerprinting. In this paper, we propose a support vector machine (SVM)‐based anti‐forensic method capable of removing the fingerprints from the previously marked images for spread‐spectrum fingerprinting. We first estimate the parameters of the embedded fingerprint superposed on the frequency coefficients of the original signal. Then, we select the best basis through wavelet packet decomposition for thresholding the fingerprinted coefficients. Furthermore, an SVM‐based classifier is used to measure the existence of the pirates' fingerprints. The experimental results show that the proposed method is more effective than the other examined approaches. About three pieces of fingerprinted content are able to interrupt the fingerprinting system that accommodates thousands of users. Meanwhile, high fidelity of the attacked content is retained. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
QoS2: a framework for integrating quality of security with quality of service
Authors: Taleb Tarik , Hadjadj‐Aoul Yassine 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTDifferent security measures have emerged to encounter various Internet security threats, ensuring a certain level of protection against them. However, this does not come without a price. Indeed, there is a general agreement that high security measures involve high amount of resources, ultimately impacting the perceived Quality of Service (QoS). The objective of this paper is to define a framework, dubbed QoS2, that provides means to find a tradeoff between security requirements and their QoS counterparts. The QoS2 framework is based on the multiattribute decision‐making theory. The performance of the QoS2 framework is evaluated through computer simulations. A use‐case considering worm e‐mail detection is used in the performance evaluation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparing Intracellular Stability and Targeting of Sulfobetaine Quantum Dots with Other Surface Chemistries in Live Cells
Authors: Muro Eleonora , Fragola Alexandra , Pons Thomas , Lequeux Nicolas , Ioannou Andriani , Skourides Paris , Dubertret Benoit 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe in vivo labeling of intracellular components with quantum dots (QDs) is very limited because of QD aggregation in the cell cytoplasm and/or QD confinement into lysosomal compartments. In order to improve intracellular targeting with QDs, various surface chemistries and delivery methods have been explored, but they have not yet been compared systematically with respect to the QD intracellular stability. In this work, the intracellular aggregation kinetics of QDs for three different surface chemistries based on ligand exchange or encapsulation with amphiphilic polymers are compared. For each surface chemistry, three delivery methods for bringing the nanoparticles into the cells are compared: electroporation, microinjection, and pinocytosis. It is concluded that the QD intracellular aggregation behavior is strongly dependent on the surface chemistry. QDs coated with dihydrolipoic acid‐sulfobetaine (DHLA‐SB) ligands diffuse freely in cells for longer periods of time than for QDs in the other chemistries tested, and they can access all cytoplasmic compartments. Even when conjugated to streptavidin, these DHLA‐SB QDs remain freely diffusing inside the cytoplasm and unaggregated, and they are able to reach a biotinylated target inside HeLa cells. Such labeling was more efficient when compared to commercial streptavidin‐conjugated QDs, which may be due to the smaller size of DHLA‐SB QDs and/or to their superior intracellular stability.
Control of Epoxy Creep Using Graphene
Authors: Zandiatashbar Ardavan , Picu Catalin R. , Koratkar Nikhil 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe creep behavior of epoxy–graphene platelet (GPL) nanocomposites with different weight fractions of filler is investigated by macroscopic testing and nanoindentation. No difference is observed at low stress and ambient temperature between neat epoxy and nanocomposites. At elevated stress and temperature the nanocomposite with the optimal weight fraction, 0.1 wt% GPLs, creeps significantly less than the unfilled polymer. This indicates that thermally activated processes controlling the creep rate are in part inhibited by the presence of GPLs. The phenomenon is qualitatively similar at the macroscale and in nanoindentation tests. The results are compared with the creep of epoxy–single‐walled (SWNT) and multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWNT) composites and it is observed that creep in both these systems is similar to that in pure epoxy, that is, faster than creep in the epoxy–GPL system considered in this work.
Spectral analysis and physical properties of benzylated starch
Authors: Šárka Evžen , Koláček Jaroslav , Synytsya Andriy , Hrušková Kateřina , Maixner Jaroslav , Štětina Jiří 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA‐ and B‐wheat starch (in native or acetylated form) and potato starch (slightly acetylated) were subjected to benzylation with benzylchloride in various reaction conditions and at various reaction times (40–100°C, 1–90 h). Modified and original starches were characterized by elemental analysis and spectroscopic methods (FT‐IR and 1H NMR). The semicrystalline or amorphous character was indicated by X‐ray powder (XRD) patterns. Rheological properties of benzyl starch of DS ∼ 1 were measured by small amplitude oscillation shear rheology (SAOS) using the rheometer Haake Rheostress RS 80. The results indicated predominantly elastic behavior because the storage modulus was higher than the loss modulus over the whole frequency range; it corresponded to a true gel. The storage and loss moduli increased with increasing frequency while the tangent of phase did not change and was approximately δ = 40°.
Byrd's Arctic flight in the context of model atmospheres
Authors: Newsom G.H. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTThe availability of modern computer models of plausible atmospheric pressure versus altitude for a grid of points over the earth's surface permits a reexamination of Richard Byrd's dead reckoning navigation on his flight in May 1926 from Spitsbergen northwards and his return. Although details of how Byrd converted atmospheric pressure to altitude are ambiguous, the recent atmospheric models probably indicate a small systematic bias that would cause Byrd to overestimate his dead reckoning distance traveled. The same models provide a range of computed winds versus time, altitude, and location, leading to the conclusion that, if Byrd's reported winds during his flight are correct, it was the result of a very unusual and fortuitous circumstance.
Linguistic distance effect on cross-linguistic transfer of morphological awareness
Authors: ZHANG DONGBO 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTThis study examined transfer facilitation effect of first language morphological awareness on second language lexical inference ability among Grade 6 Chinese-speaking English as a foreign language learners in China. A set of paper and pencil tests was administered to measure children's morphological awareness and lexical inference ability in both Chinese and English. Results showed that the contribution of Chinese morphological awareness to English morphological awareness was larger for compound words than for derived words. In addition, the indirect effect of Chinese compound awareness on English compound word meaning inference was significant, but that of Chinese derivational awareness on English derived word meaning inference did not achieve significance. These findings confirmed that cross-linguistic transfer of Chinese morphological awareness was responsive to the linguistic distance between Chinese and English.
Does Self-Rated Health Predict Death in Older Adults with Depressive Symptoms?
Authors: St. John Philip , Montgomery Patrick 
Published: February 2012

RÉSUMÉNous avons analysé une étude de cohorte prospective afin de déterminer (1) si l’auto-évaluation de son propre état de santé (AES) prédit la mortalité chez les personnes plus âgées, avec et sans symptômes dépressifs, et (2) de déterminer s’il y a une interaction entre l’AES et les symptômes dépressifs sur la mortalité. Nous avons suivi pendant cinq ans 1 751 adultes âgés de 65 ans qui habitaient dans les communautés. Les mesures comprenaient l’âge, le sexe, le niveau d’éducation, Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D), the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (MMS), et le questionnaire Older Americans’ Research Survey (OARS). Notre indicateur de résultats était la duree de vie avant le décès. Les analyses ont été faites sur des sujets avant ou non des symptômes dépressifs. Nous avons construit des modèles de régression de Cox avec un terme d’interaction pour la CES-D et l’AES. L’indice de risque pour la mortalite était de 1,63 pour les sujets atteints de symptômes dépressifs ; il était de 1,68 pour les sujets sans symptômes. Aucune interaction significative n’a été trouvée entre les symptômes dépressifs et l’A-ES pour la mortalité.
Gross motor development is delayed following early cardiac surgery
Authors: Long Suzanne H. , Harris Susan R. , Eldridge Beverley J. , Galea Mary P. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the gross motor development of infants who had undergone cardiac surgery in the neonatal or early infant period.MethodsGross motor performance was assessed when infants were 4, 8, 12, and 16 months of age with the Alberta Infant Motor Scale. This scale is a discriminative gross motor outcome measure that may be used to assess infants from birth to independent walking. Infants were videotaped during the assessment and were later evaluated by a senior paediatric physiotherapist who was blinded to each infant's medical history, including previous clinical assessments. Demographic, diagnostic, surgical, critical care, and medical variables were considered with respect to gross motor outcomes.ResultsA total of 50 infants who underwent elective or emergency cardiac surgery at less than or up to 8 weeks of age, between July 2006 and January 2008, were recruited to this study and were assessed at 4 months of age. Approximately, 92%, 84%, and 94% of study participants returned for assessment at 8, 12, and 16 months of age, respectively. Study participants had delayed gross motor development across all study time points; 62% of study participants did not have typical gross motor development during the first year of life. Hospital length of stay was associated with gross motor outcome across infancy.ConclusionActive gross motor surveillance of all infants undergoing early cardiac surgery is recommended. Further studies of larger congenital heart disease samples are required, as are longitudinal studies that determine the significance of these findings at school age and beyond.
Height‐resolved variability of midlatitude tropospheric water vapor measured by an airborne lidar
Authors: Fischer Lucas , Kiemle Christoph , Craig George C. 
Published: February 2012

Free tropospheric water vapor variability, measured by airborne lidar over Europe during summertime, is analyzed at altitudes from 2 km to 10 km. Horizontal structure functions of specific humidity were computed and show power‐law scaling between about 10 km to 100 km in range. The second‐order structure function shows scaling exponents equivalent to spectral slopes that vary from around 5/3 in the lower troposphere to 2 at upper levels. More specifically humidity smoothness typically increases with height, while intermittency decreases. A classification of the data according to whether the series occurred above or below the level of nearby convective cloud tops gives a separation of the scaling exponents in the two air masses. The results are consistent with a water vapor distribution determined at upper levels by a downscale cascade of variance by advective mixing, but increasingly influenced at lower levels by local injection of humidity by moist convection.
Bogoch Replikins Pandemic Prevention: Increase of Strain-Specific Influenza Genomic Replikin Counts, Having Predicted Outbreaks and their Location Seven Times Consecutively, Up to Two Years in Advance, Provides Time for Prevention of Pandemics
Authors: Bogoch Samuel , Bogoch Elenore 
Published: March 2012

AbstractEarlier studies have shown that the increased concentration of a new class of virus genomic peptides, Replikins, precedes and predicts virus outbreaks. We now find that the area in the genome of the highest concentration of Replikins, and the country in which this peak exists in scout viruses, have permitted in the past five years seven consecutive accurate predictions of the geographic localization of coming outbreaks, including those now realized in Mexico for H1N1, and in Cambodia for H5N1. Real-time Replikin analysis of the evolution of the virus genome identified both mutations and structural reorganization of the hemagglutinin and p B1 genes over several years before each outbreak. This information, together with the specific Replikin sequences so obtained, permitted solid-phase synthesis of Replikin vaccines in seven days, which blocked H5N1 in chickens. The information also now provides up to two years of time to thoroughly test and distribute vaccines to high risk individuals in the countries identified; thus for the first time, a quantitative genomic Replikins method to both predict initial outbreaks and to prevent the development of a pandemic.
Copper redistribution in murine macrophages in response to Salmonella infection
Authors: Achard Maud E. S. , Stafford Sian L. , Bokil Nilesh J. , Chartres Jy , Bernhardt Paul V. , Schembri Mark A. , Sweet Matthew J. , McEwan Alastair G. 
Published: February 2012

The movement of key transition metal ions is recognized to be of critical importance in the interaction between macrophages and intracellular pathogens. The present study investigated the role of copper in mouse macrophage responses to Salmonella enterica sv. Typhimurium. The copper chelator BCS (bathocuproinedisulfonic acid, disodium salt) increased intracellular survival of S. Typhimurium within primary mouse BMM (bone-marrow-derived macrophages) at 24 h post-infection, implying that copper contributed to effective host defence against this pathogen. Infection of BMM with S. Typhimurium or treatment with the TLR (Toll-like receptor) 4 ligand LPS (lipopolysaccharide) induced the expression of several genes encoding proteins involved in copper transport [Ctr (copper transporter) 1, Ctr2 and Atp7a (copper-transporting ATPase 1)], as well as the multi-copper oxidase Cp (caeruloplasmin). Both LPS and infection with S. Typhimurium triggered copper accumulation within punctate intracellular vesicles (copper ‘hot spots’) in BMM as indicated by the fluorescent reporter CS1 (copper sensor 1). These copper hot spots peaked in their accumulation at approximately 18 h post-stimulation and were dependent on copper uptake into cells. Localization studies indicated that the copper hot spots were in discrete vesicles distinct from Salmonella containing vacuoles and lysosomes. We propose that copper hot spot formation contributes to antimicrobial responses against professional intracellular bacterial pathogens.
First Report of Bipolaris peregianensis Causing Leaf Spot of Cynodon dactylon in China
Authors: Wang Z. Y. , Xie S. N. , Wang Y. , Wu H. Y. , Zhang M. 
Published: February 2012

Cynodon dactylon is widely cultivated as a sod crop in warm climates worldwide. In early September 2009, heavy leaf spot infection was observed on C. dactylon from Zhengzhou, Henan, China. Early symptoms appeared as small, elliptical, pale brown lesions on the leaves. Lesions later expanded to 5 to 10 mm long and 1 to 2 mm wide, becoming brown to dark brown. A fungus was consistently isolated from leaf spots on potato dextrose agar (PDA), but with poor sporulation. Morphological characteristics were observed from single-conidium cultures on tap water agar + wheat straw (TWA+W) after 5 to 7 days. Conidiophores were light to medium brown, cylindrical, solitary or clustered, unbranched, usually with basal cells enlarged, and 94.5 to 147.0 × 4.0 to 9.0 μm. Conidia were fusoid, strongly curved, end cells broadly hemiellipsoidal, brown, 58.5 to 84.5 × 13.5 to 18.5 μm, with 6 to 10 septa. These morphological characteristics are similar to those of Bipolaris peregianensis (2). The identity of our fungus was confirmed to be B. peregianensis by DNA sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (GenBank Accession No. JQ316121), which was 99% homologous to those of other B. peregianensis isolates (= Cochliobolus peregianensis; Accession Nos AF071328 and AF158111) (1). Koch's postulates were performed with the leaves of three pots of C. dactylon. Leaves were sprayed with 1 × 105 conidia/ml of B. peregianensis; an equal number of leaves in the pots of the same plant sprayed with sterile distilled water served as the control. All test plants were covered with plastic bags for 24 h to maintain high relative humidity at 23 to 25°C. After 7 days, more than 50% of inoculated leaves showed symptoms identical to those observed in natural condition, whereas controls remained symptom free. Reisolation of the fungus from lesions on inoculated leaves confirmed that the causal agent was B. peregianensis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of leaf spots caused by B. peregianensis on C. dactylon in China. The disease cycle and the control strategies in the regions are being further studied. References: (1) M. L. Berbee et al. Mycologia 91:964, 1999. (2) A. Sivanesan. Mycol. Pap. 158:1, 1987.