bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Internet Therapeutic Intervention on A1C Levels in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Insulin
Authors: Tildesley Hugh D. , Mazanderani Adel B. , Ross Stuart A. 
Published: July 2010

OBJECTIVE
To assess the effect of an Internet-based glucose monitoring system (IBGMS) on A1C levels in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with insulin.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This trial involved 50 patients randomly assigned to receive either conventional treatment alone or with additional follow-up through an IBGMS for 6 months. Patients randomized to the intervention group uploaded blood glucose readings every 2 weeks to a secure Web site for review and receipt of feedback from their endocrinologist. A1C and laboratory test results were collected at 0, 3, and 6 months.

RESULTS
The baseline parameters were not significantly different. Over a 6-month follow-up, A1C dropped from 8.8 to 7.6% (P &lt; 0.001) in the intervention group compared with 8.5 to 8.4% (P = 0.51) in the control group.

CONCLUSIONS
The use of IBGMS significantly improved A1C levels in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with insulin.
Central Role of Fatty Liver in the Pathogenesis of Insulin Resistance in Obese Adolescents
Authors: D'Adamo Ebe , Cali Anna M.G. , Weiss Ram , Santoro Nicola , Pierpont Bridget , Northrup Veronika , Caprio Sonia 
Published: July 2010

OBJECTIVE
We evaluated the role of fatty liver in the alteration of insulin sensitivity and β-cell function in two groups of obese adolescents, differing in hepatic fat content (hepatic fat fraction [HFF]) but with similar intrabdominal intramyocellular lipid content (IMCL) and overall degree of obesity.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We studied 23 obese adolescents with high HFF (HFF &gt;5.5%) and 20 obese adolescents with low HFF (HFF &lt;5.5%), matched for age, Tanner stage, BMI z score, and percentages of body fat, visceral fat, and IMCL. All subjects underwent an oral glucose tolerance test and a two-step hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, magnetic resonance imaging and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance to assess abdominal fat distribution, HFF, and IMCL, respectively.

RESULTS
The high HFF group showed significantly lower whole-body insulin sensitivity index (P = 0.001) and estimates of insulin secretion (P = 0.03). The baseline hepatic glucose production (EGP) rate was not different between the two groups. Suppression of EGP was significantly lower (P = 0.04) in the high HFF group during low-dose insulin; no differences were observed during the second step. Baseline fatty acids, glycerol concentrations, and clamp suppression of glycerol turnover did not differ between the groups. During the second step, the glucose disposal rate was significantly lower (P = 0.01) in the high HFF group.

CONCLUSIONS
Fatty liver, independent of visceral fat and IMCL, plays a central role in the insulin-resistant state in obese adolescents.
Antimicrobial activity and total content of polyphenols of Rheum L. species growing in Poland
Authors: Kosikowska Urszula , Smolarz Helena , Malm Anna 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
In the crude ethanol extracts obtained from the rhizome and roots of Rheum palmatum L., Rheum undulatum L. and Rheum rhaponticum L. growing in Poland concentration of polyphenols ranged from 46.11 to 76.45 mg/g. Concentration of tannins ranged from 7.07% to 8.67%, while anthracene derivatives and anthraquinones varied by species - R. palmatum measured 36.3 and 34 mg/g, while R. undulatum or R. rhaponticum did not exceed 20.4 and 18.1 or 19.8 mg/g and 16.6 mg/g, respectively. Using a broth microdilution method it was found that all of the Rheum spp. extracts were more active against reference strains of Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus spp.) than against those of Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis). The strongest inhibitory effect against Staphylococcus spp. was exerted by R. undulatum extract with MIC = 125–250 μg/mL. The moderate in vitro antibacterial activity of R. undulatum suggests that this plant, often used in the European cuisine to improve flavour, may be also important and useful as an alternative or auxiliary medicine remedy in the treatment of uncomplicated superficial infections caused especially by clinically important staphylococci, potentially pathogenic S. aureus or opportunistic S. epidermidis.
Adherence to Behavioral Interventions for Urge Incontinence When Combined With Drug Therapy: Adherence Rates, Barriers, and Predictors
Authors: Borello-France Diane , Burgio Kathryn L. , Goode Patricia S. , Markland Alayne D. , Kenton Kimberly , Balasubramanyam Aarthi , Stoddard Anne M. ,   Urinary Incontinence Treatment Network
Published: July 2010

Background
Behavioral intervention outcomes for urinary incontinence (UI) depend on active patient participation.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to describe adherence to behavioral interventions (pelvic-floor muscle [PFM] exercises, UI prevention strategies, and delayed voiding), patient-perceived exercise barriers, and predictors of exercise adherence in women with urge-predominant UI.

Design
This was a prospectively planned secondary data analysis from a 2-stage, multicenter, randomized clinical trial.

Patients and Intervention
Three hundred seven women with urge-predominant UI were randomly assigned to receive either 10 weeks of drug therapy only or 10 weeks of drug therapy combined with a behavioral intervention for UI. One hundred fifty-four participants who received the combined intervention were included in this analysis.

Measurements
Pelvic-floor muscle exercise adherence and exercise barriers were assessed during the intervention phase and 1 year afterward. Adherence to UI prevention strategies and delayed voiding were assessed during the intervention only.

Results
During intervention, 81% of women exercised at least 5 to 6 days per week, and 87% performed at least 30 PFM contractions per day. Ninety-two percent of the women used the urge suppression strategy successfully. At the 12-month follow-up, only 32% of the women exercised at least 5 to 6 days per week, and 56% performed 15 or more PFM contractions on the days they exercised. The most persistent PFM exercise barriers were difficulty remembering to exercise and finding time to exercise. Similarly, difficulty finding time to exercise persisted as a predictor of PFM exercise adherence over time.

Limitations
Co-administration of medication for UI may have influenced adherence.

Conclusions
Most women adhered to exercise during supervised intervention; however, adherence declined over the long term. Interventions to help women remember to exercise and to integrate PFM exercises and UI prevention strategies into daily life may be useful to promote long-term adherence.
Investigating population dynamics in ungulates: Do hunting statistics make up a good index of population abundance?
Authors: Imperio Simona , Ferrante Massimiliano , Grignetti Alessandra , Santini Giacomo , Focardi Stefano 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTime series analysis plays an important role in the detection of mechanisms that drive population fluctuations. However, long time series are rare, with ungulate data sets usually not exceeding 50 years. In this article, we describe a long‐term data set of population density indices of five ungulate species obtained from the analysis of bag records collected in the Castelporziano Preserve, Rome, Italy. Hunting statistics are often used as proxies for population density; however, in the case of long time series for large mammals, there are no comparative studies to assess the validity of such data. We evaluated the ungulate time series, using two different approaches: we 1) compared hunting statistics with independent animal counts, and 2) assessed whether or not habitat composition of the drive areas was representative of habitat availability in the whole estate. Regressions between bag data and animal counts gave significant results only for three species, whereas bag data corrected for hunted area were significantly correlated to animal counts for all five species. The results suggest that use of bag records not corrected for hunting effort and without any previous validation could lead to misleading estimates of abundance indices. Finally, our analysis showed that density indices of the five species were not significantly affected by the selection of habitats where hunting drives were organised. Our data set may contribute to the understanding of ungulate ecology in the Mediterranean environment.
Feeding patterns of red deer Cervus elaphus along an altitudinal gradient in the Bohemian Forest: effect of habitat and season
Authors: Krojerová‐Prokešová Jarmila , Barančeková Miroslava , Šustr Pavel , Heurich Marco 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe studied diet composition of red deer Cervus elaphus in the Bohemian Forest by micro‐histological analysis of 207 samples of red deer faeces obtained on the Czech and the Bavarian side of the border. We carried out the research from October 2006 to February 2008, and collected samples every two months at nine monitoring plots that were situated at different altitudes (i.e. from 600 to 1,250 m a.s.l.). Our results confirmed the classification of red deer among intermediate feeders with a mixed diet of graminoids (29.4%) and concentrate food items (60.6%). Concentrate food items were dominant in their diet all year round; however, the diet composition during the winter season differed from the diet composition during the vegetation season. This change was mainly represented by the strong increase in consumption of coniferous trees (from 5.7 to 26.4%) during winter. The amount of graminoids in the diet was higher during the vegetation season, which was caused by the intensive consumption of graminoids at two top‐hill plots (up to 90% per sample). Likewise bilberry, Vaccinium myrtillus, with ripe berries was identified as an important food source only at the mountain ridge (up to 33% per sample). In agreement with our prediction, the diet composition of red deer at windthrow gaps (Blatný vrch Hill and Schachtenau) differed from the diet composition at undisturbed forest sites. At the gaps, ferns were an intensively consumed food source (up to 80% per sample). Contrary to other mountain areas, ferns made up a much larger share of the diet not only during autumn and winter but also during spring and summer. At Schachtenau, red deer also fed extensively on bramble Rubus sp., which intensively proliferates at the gaps. Diet composition of red deer in the Bohemian Forest differed between seasons, between plots at the mountain ridge and plots situated at lower altitudes as well as between windthrow gaps and undisturbed forest sites. However, further research of diet selectivity is necessary to explain in detail the observed feeding patterns.
The Ilnik wolf Canis lupus pack: use of marine mammals and offshore sea ice
Authors: Watts Dominique E. , Butler Lem G. , Dale Bruce W. , Cox R. Dave 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMost wolf Canis lupus studies have been conducted in inland regions and comparatively little data are available for wolves inhabiting coastal areas. We monitored four members of a coastal wolf pack on the Alaska Peninsula during 2006‐2008. Habitat selection ratios indicated a strong association with the coastline, and we documented pack members and other wolves feeding on several species of marine mammals in these areas. In addition, pack members were observed foraging on offshore sea ice on multiple occasions. Observed spatial use and utilization of marine mammals suggest that marine‐derived subsidies may provide an important food source to coastal wolf populations. If these subsidies constitute a significant food source for coastal wolves, they likely affect wolf demographics and predator‐prey relationships in these areas.
What is the spatial unit for a wintering teal Anas crecca? Weekly day roost fidelity inferred from nasal saddles in the Camargue, southern France
Authors: Guillemain Matthieu , Devineau Olivier , Brochet Anne‐Laure , Fuster Jonathan , Fritz Hervé , Green Andy J. , Gauthier‐Clerc Michel 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDabbling ducks generally use distinct day roost and nocturnal habitats, the set of which constitute their ‘functional unit’. The rate at which these birds may switch between day roosts has never been quantified. Using resightings of nasal‐saddled birds and capture‐recapture modelling in the Camargue, southern France, we estimated the weekly probability that a teal Anas crecca switches from one day roost to another one nearby (transition probabilities). We also estimated the probability that a teal survives and remains in our study area, consisting of four neighbouring roosts (apparent survival). Birds were highly faithful to one specific water body if they remained in our study area (i.e. weekly rate of switching between roosts was only about 2‐6%), but the probability that an individual remained within one of the four roosts from one week to the next (local weekly apparent survival rate) was only 60‐70%. Intensive search efforts led to a 60% detection probability. Low local apparent survival coupled with very high site fidelity within the system suggests that two distinct strategies may coexist, i.e. frequent movement between distant winter quarters vs very high fidelity to the very same local wetland. Such strategies may be used successively by the same individuals, or may alternatively represent distinct bird categories (i.e. transients vs residents). In any case, these different strategies suggest that habitat management procedures need to be considered at both local and flyway scales simultaneously. The former may ensure that sites repeatedly used by the same individuals can provide adequate conditions to birds when they remain in a given winter quarter, while the latter will ensure transient birds find appropriate sites within the network of distant wetlands they may use as successive wintering quarters during a season.
Optical Coherence Tomography as an Adjunctive Tool for Diagnosing Papilledema in Young Patients
Authors: Martinez Michael R. , Ophir Avinoam 
Published: July 2010

Purpose:
The authors examined the peripapillary (3.4-mm diameter) retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFL thickness) as depicted by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in young patients with pseudopapilledema or papilledema.

Methods:

In 17 consecutive patients (6 to 20 years old) with bilateral newly diagnosed papilledema or pseudopapilledema, the eye with the thicker mean global RNFL per patient was analyzed. Excluded were patients in whom cerebrospinal fluid opening pressure was between 190 and 250 mm H
2
O (“gray zone”). RNFL thickness was compared in eyes with papilledema and pseudopapilledema using the Mann–Whitney
U
test.

Results:
Papilledema was clinically diagnosed in 9 patients and pseudopapilledema in 6 patients; 2 patients were excluded. Median RNFL thickness in the eyes with papilledema was greater than that of both eyes with pseudopapilledema and controls at all 12 clock hours. In all 9 patients with papilledema, RNFL was thickened contiguously for 8 to 12 clock hours above the upper 95% confidence interval limit of normal.

Conclusion:
The peripapillary RNFL thickness as depicted by OCT was found to be a reliable adjunctive tool in the differentiation of newly diagnosed papilledema and pseudopapilledema in young patients. Larger cohorts are required to confirm these observations and conclusion.
Fc Receptor-Like A Associates with Intracellular IgG and IgM but Is Dispensable for Antigen-Specific Immune Responses
Authors: Wilson Timothy J. , Gilfillan Susan , Colonna Marco 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
FcR-like (FcRL) proteins comprise a family of lymphocyte receptors with homology to FcγRI. Among these receptors, FcRLA is uniquely interesting due to its intracellular localization, unusual structural features, and high expression within human germinal center and marginal zone B cells. Our analysis of human cell lines has confirmed that this receptor is not secreted but is maintained as an intracellular protein in B cells where it interacts with Igs, consistent with a possible role in Ab assembly. By generating FcRLA-specific antisera as well as knockout mice, we were able to unequivocally demonstrate that FcRLA protein is expressed exclusively in all mouse B cells. We also found that FcRLA is not required for the generation of Ag-specific humoral immune responses to T-dependent or T-independent Ags. However, given its highly conserved structure and universal expression within B cells, it is probable that FcRLA functions similarly in humans and mice. Cumulatively, our data suggest that FcRLA plays a role in Ig assembly that can be compensated for by other proteins.
Reverse Modeling for Domain-Driven Engineering of Publishing Technology
Authors: Brüggemann-Klein Anne , Demirel Tamer , Pagano Dennis , Tai Andreas 
Published: July 2010

We report in this paper on a technique that we call reverse modeling. Reverse modeling starts with a conceptual model that is formulated in one or more generic modeling technologies such as UML or XML Schema. It abstracts from that model a custom, domain-specific meta-model and re-formulates the original model as an instance of the new meta-model. We demonstrate the value of reverse modeling with two case studies: One domain-specific meta-model facilitates design and user interface of a so-called instance generator for broadcasting productions metadata. Another one structures the translation of XML-encoded printer data for invoices into semantic XML. In a further section of this paper, we take a more general view and survey patterns that have evolved in the conceptual modeling of documents and data and that implicitly suggest sound meta-modeling constructs.
Taken together, the two case studies and the survey of patterns in conceptual models bring us one step closer to our superior goal of developing a meta-meta-modeling facility whose instances are custom meta-models for conceptual document and data models. The research that is presented in this paper brings forward a core set of elementary constructors that a meta-meta-modeling facility should provide.
XQuery Design Patterns
Authors: Candillon William , Brantner Matthias , Knochenwefel Dennis 
Published: July 2010

Design patterns are widely used inside the object-oriented community. They are proven mature and reusable solutions that facilitate the development of modules with minimal coupling. Moreover, design patterns are also high-level constructs that contribute to improve the communication between developers.
Nowadays, XQuery and its family of specifications are used beyond just querying XML collections and documents. XQuery is more and more used as a multi-paradigm, fully-fledged programming language. The aim of this paper is (1) to motivate the need for XQuery design patterns using a real-world example application and (2) to explore the existence of general design solutions to solve recurring problems in large-scale XQuery applications.
Schema Component Paths for Schema Analysis
Authors: Holstege Mary 
Published: July 2010

Schema component paths define an XPath-like syntax for describing and navigating W3C XML Schema component models. Canonical schema component paths provide a unique, string-comparable designator for each component in schema. MHSCD is a driver than can generate canonical schema component paths or non-canonical schema component paths to a certain depth, or locate a component or set of components in a schema given a schema component path.
Component paths can be applied to various schema analysis tasks. The set of canonical schema component paths provides a simple signature for a schema that is robust to differences in the physical organization of the schema document. Comparing two such signatures gives a quick "what's changed between these two schema versions?" summary. This signature can also be used for the calculation of basic schema complexity metrics, including basic counts of components of various types.
Platform Independence 2010 - Helping Documents Fly Well in Emerging Architectures
Authors: Wrightson Ann 
Published: July 2010

Parallel processing and memory bottlenecks dominate current platform architecture conversations. After many years on the sidelines, parallel architectures are rapidly becoming mainstream, with more parallelism the obvious way to gain yet more performance. Feeding data to and from all these parallel cycles is also becoming more challenging.
What does this have to do with XML? Surely all this is under the hood, something for compiler designers, software architects and other non-content people to worry about? The answer is that these issues can't be totally hidden under the hood. Balisageurs as content-folks and interoperability-folks need to pay attention now to the high level information design heuristics that will prevent our data structures being the ones that happen to run like treacle (or molasses) on the coming generations of faster, larger and neater systems.
Report from the Field: PubMed Central, an XML-based Archive of Life Sciences Journal Articles
Authors: Beck Jeff 
Published: July 2010

PubMed Central (PMC) is an XML-based archive of life sciences journal literature at the U.S. National Institutes of Heath that allows public access to full-text journal articles. The archive was created in 2000 and has grown steadily to over 2 million records. The project has been successful in part because of the strict XML control and the flexibility that PMC givesre its submitters.
This paper gives an overview of the PMC data evaluation process; the XML processing model; the PMC philosophy toward XML use, including use of the NLM DTD, XML Taggging Style, usability or reusablilty of the XML, public XML tools, and our people; and some challenges we continue to face maintaining the archive.
Beyond Eighteen Wheels
Authors: Quin Liam R. E. 
Published: July 2010

When documents are stored for any significant length of time, or when they are used, whether continuously or occasionally, over an extended period, the original people and culture and context associated with their creation become unavailable. If the documents are to remain useful, it is necessary to retain sufficient knowledge about how they can be used that the future people involved can still gain value from them.
This document is a position paper for discussion.
Harnessing Surface Wrinkle Patterns in Soft Matter
Authors: Yang Shu , Khare Krishnacharya , Lin Pei‐Chun 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMechanical instabilities in soft materials, specifically wrinkling, have led to the formation of unique surface patterns for a wide range of applications that are related to surface topography and its dynamic tuning. In this progress report, two distinct approaches for wrinkle formation, including mechanical stretching/releasing of oxide/PDMS bilayers and swelling of hydrogel films confined on a rigid substrate with a depth‐wise modulus gradient, are discussed. The wrinkling mechanisms and transitions between different wrinkle patterns are studied. Strategies to control the wrinkle pattern order and characteristic wavelength are suggested, and some efforts in harnessing topographic tunability in elastomeric PDMS bilayer wrinkled films for various applications, including tunable adhesion, wetting, microfluidics, and microlens arrays, are highlighted. The report concludes with perspectives on the future directions in manipulation of pattern formation for complex structures, and potential new technological applications.