bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vegetation promotes flow retardation and retention in deltaic wetlands
Authors: Zhang Xiaohe , Jones Cathleen E. , Simard Marc , Passalacqua Paola , Oliver‐Cabrera Talib , Fagherazzi Sergio 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe introduce a new approach to observe the impact of vegetation on tidal flow retardation and retention at large spatial scales. Using radar interferometry and in situ water level gauge measurements during low tide, we find that vegetation in deltaic intertidal zones of the Wax Lake Delta, Louisiana, causes significant tidal distortion with both a delay (between 80 and 140 min) and amplitude reduction (~ 20 cm). The natural vegetation front delays the ebb tide, which increases the minimum water level and hydro‐period inside the deltaic islands, resulting in better conditions for wetland species colonizing low elevations. This positive feedback between vegetation and hydraulics demonstrates the self‐organization functionality of vegetation in the geomorphological evolution of deltas, which contributes to deltaic stability.
2D Material Based Nonlinear Optical Mirror for Widefield Up‐Conversion Imaging from Near Infrared to Visible Wavelengths
Authors: Konkada Manattayil Jyothsna , A S Lal Krishna , Prosad Asish , Bag Urmila , Biswas Rabindra , Raghunathan Varun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractInfrared up‐conversion imaging is used for frequency conversion of near and mid‐infrared photons to the visible or shorter near‐infrared wavelength range where high‐performance silicon sensors can be used for imaging in‐lieu of the cumbersome infrared counterparts. Nonlinear optical crystals are used for up‐conversion imaging, however, this typically requires long lengths, high pump power, and careful phase matching between interacting waves. To miniaturize the up‐conversion imaging device and eliminate stringent phase‐matching requirements, sub‐wavelength size optical metasurfaces are being explored as the nonlinear optical medium supporting resonances in the near‐infrared, albeit being prone to higher‐order diffraction at the up‐converted wavelengths. Here, a novel two‐dimensional (2D) layered material‐based nonlinear optical mirror (NLOM) based wide‐field up‐conversion imaging device is demonstrated with only 45 nm thick Gallium Selenide (GaSe) layer on a gold reflector with a suitable dielectric spacer. Near‐infrared input at 1550 nm is up‐converted to 622 nm visible output in the presence of a pump beam at 1040 nm through a sum frequency generation (SFG) process. The NLOM stack is optimized using particle swarm optimization algorithm for maximizing the detected SFG signal. Image up‐conversion experiments are performed demonstrating real, Fourier‐plane imaging, and real‐time Fourier‐domain processing with good imaging fidelity and efficiency.
Potential of Date Palm Fibers (DPFs) as a Sustainable Reinforcement for Bio‐ Composites and its Property Enhancement for Key Applications: A Review
Authors: Dhakal Hom N. , Khan Sakib Hossain , Alnaser Ibrahim A. , Karim Mohammad Rezaul , Saifullah Abu , Zhang Zhongyi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article presents a comprehensive review of the advancements in the use of Date Palm Fiber (DPF) reinforced composites, highlighting their mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties and the enhancements achieved through various modification techniques. Date palm fibers, a sustainable and biodegradable resource, have garnered significant interest due to their potential in reducing environmental impact across several key industries, including building and construction, automotive, and packaging. The review discusses the effects of hybrid approaches and physical and chemical treatments on the mechanical properties of DPF composites, demonstrating improvements in tensile strength, elasticity, and flexural strength through optimized fiber‐matrix bonding and reduced moisture absorption. Thermal behavior analyses through Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA), and thermal conductivity underscore the composites’ suitability for applications requiring high thermal stability and conductivity for insulation applications. Morphological studies reveal that surface‐treated fibers integrate more effectively with various polymeric matrices, leading to enhanced composite performance. The practical applications of DPF composites are explored, emphasizing their role in promoting sustainable manufacturing practices. Challenges such as scalability, cost‐efficiency, and performance consistency are addressed, alongside future perspectives that suggest a promising direction for further research and technological development in the field of natural fiber composites. This review aims to solidify the foundation for ongoing advancements and increase the adoption of DPF composites in commercial applications.
The necessary role of an efficient tumor immunotherapy by MHC II expression on amateur APCs
Authors: Zhong Jiaxin , Lin Xiaorong , Hu Hai 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAntigen presentation, as the initial step in inducing the activation of T lymphocytes, plays a crucial role in antitumor response. Studies concentrating on major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) molecules and the activated CD4+ helper T (Th) cells have gained popularity in light of the past limited efficacy of MHC I‐activated CD8+ T cells alone. In general, MHC II is canonically expressed by professional antigen‐presenting cells (pAPCs), yet attempts to increase antigen presentation by dendritic cell (DC) activation have mostly been unsuccessful. In recent years, a number of studies have found that a variety of cells, including cancer cells, fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells (VECs), and lymphoid stromal cells (LSCs), are considered amateur APCs (aAPCs) and can express MHC II molecules, which have piqued the interest of researchers. These groups vastly outnumber DCs or macrophages, and it has been confirmed that they also qualify as antigen‐presenting complexes that are functionally related to conventional pAPCs. Herein, we will review current research regarding the antigen presentation process of MHC II, its advances in APC surfaces, especially for aAPCs, the special mechanisms of regulation of MHC II on aAPCs, and combination therapy targeting MHC II as a possible treatment strategy in cancer.
Paraproteinemic neuropathies
Authors: Traub Rebecca , Qarni Taha , Cohen Adam D. , Karam Chafic 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe diagnostic evaluation of a peripheral neuropathy includes testing for the presence of monoclonal gammopathy, which can be found in about 10% of patients with peripheral neuropathy. Our role, as physicians, is to determine whether the neuropathy is directly related to the gammopathy or whether the co‐occurrence of these two disorders is purely coincidental. The evaluating physician needs to be familiar with the different types of neuropathies associated with monoclonal gammopathies, their clinical and electrodiagnostic characteristics, and their appropriate diagnostic evaluation and management. Testing for monoclonal protein disorders includes serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) and immunofixation of blood, and in some cases of urine, as well as measurement of free light chains and quantitative immunoglobulins. Specific antibody testing is directed by paraprotein type and neuropathy phenotype. Patients with abnormal free light chains in association with sensory and autonomic neuropathy should be evaluated for AL amyloidosis. When a lambda monoclonal protein is identified together with a clinical phenotype of chronic inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy (CIDP), a diagnosis of polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal plasma cell disorder, skin changes (POEMS) syndrome should be considered. Patients with IgM paraprotein associated neuropathy should be assessed for distal acquired demyelinating sensorimotor (DADS) neuropathy, with or without anti myelin associated glycoprotein (MAG) antibody or CANOMAD syndrome. In many cases, a monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance (MGUS) is incidental and unrelated to the neuropathy. Collaboration with oncology is critical in evaluating patients with monoclonal proteins to assess for underlying plasma cell neoplasms or B cell lymphomas.
Poröse Flüssigkeiten
Authors: Krause Simon 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMit oder ohne Sprudel? Permanent poröse Flüssigkeiten nehmen Gase in ihre Poren auf und setzen diese wieder frei – es gibt sogar wässrige poröse Materialien. Wichtige Bestandteile der neuen Materialklasse: anorganische Koordinationskäfige und Gerüstverbindungen sowie ionischen Flüssigkeiten.
Virtual Reality für den Chemieunterricht
Authors: Zeller Diana , Bohrmann‐Linde Claudia , Mack Nils , Diekmann Charlotte , Schrader Claudia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFachwissenschaftler:innen, Fach‐ und Mediendidaktiker:innen haben ein Forschungsprojekt entworfen, in dem Lehramtsstudierende Verbrennungsreaktionen in Sauerstoff‐ und Kohlenstoffdioxidatmosphäre virtuell erfahrbar machen. Getestet wird es von Schüler:innen, die in der VR‐Umgebung Experimente durchführen können, die sonst teilweise nicht als Schülerversuch durchgeführt werden dürfen.
Prozessindustrie: Mit Digitalisierung zu nachhaltigen Polymeren
Authors: Wee Lisa 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMit KI‐gestützten Simulationen und dem Teilen von Daten in Connected Industrial Ecosystems können Chemieunternehmen Emissionen senken und Ressourcen besser nutzen. Wie das konkret geht, zeigt ein Beispiel von Covestro.
Massenspektrometrie‐Jahrestagung in Freising
Authors: Gross Jürgen H. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDie 55. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Massenspektrometrie (DGMS) fand in diesem Jahr auf dem Campus Freising der TU München statt. An der viertägigen Veranstaltung Mitte März nahmen etwa 450 Personen teil, darunter Promovierende und Professoren, aber auch Industrievertreter. Es gab vier Plenarvorträge und drei parallel zueinander laufende Sessions mit je einem Keynote‐Vortrag. Am letzten Tag der Veranstaltung traf sich die DGMS‐Fachgruppe LC‐MS. Sieben Workshops vor und nach dem Kernevent rahmten das Programm ein, und 19 Firmen stellten ihre Produkte aus. Die Veranstaltung vor Ort organisierten Bernhard Küster und Corinna Dawid von der TU München.
Nachruf: Achim Müller (1938 – 2024)
Authors: Diemann Ekkehard , Glaser Thorsten , Krebs Bernt 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMit seinen breit gefächerten Forschungsinteressen in der anorganischen Chemie gewann Achim Müller internationale Anerkennung. Insbesondere die Chemie der Chemie der Polyoxometallate führte er (im Wortsinn) in neue Dimensionen.
Dipole‐based BEM formulation for three‐dimensional cohesive crack propagation modelling
Authors: Ribeiro Almeida Luís Philipe , Leonel Edson Denner 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study presents an alternative boundary element method (BEM) formulation for the cohesive crack propagation modelling in three‐dimensional structures. The proposed formulation utilises an initial stress field for representing the mechanical behaviour along the fracture process zone, which leads to a set of self‐equilibrated forces named as dipole. Cohesive laws govern the material nonlinear behaviour along the fracture process zone. The proposed dipole‐based formulation demonstrates some advantages in comparison to classical BEM approaches in this field. Among them, it is worth citing the requirement of solely three integral equations per collocation point positioned at the fracture process zone. The effectiveness of the dipole‐based formulation has been demonstrated by four applications. The results have been compared to numerical, experimental and analytical solutions available in the literature, in which excellent performance has been observed.
Untargeted metabolomics, optimization of microwave‐assisted extraction using Box–Behnken design and evaluation of antioxidant, and antidiabetic activities of sugarcane bagasse
Authors: Ovatlarnporn Chitchamai , Basit Abdul , Paliwal Himanshu , Nalinbenjapun Sirinporn , Sripetthong Sasikarn , Suksuwan Acharee , Mahamud Nureesun , Olatunji Opeyemi Joshua 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe fruit wastes, in particular agricultural wastes, are considered potential and inexpensive sources of bioactive compounds.ObjectiveThe current study was aimed at the preparation of an optimized extract of sugarcane bagasse using microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE) technology and comparative evaluation of chemical composition, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activities with extract prepared through maceration technique.MethodologyBox–Behnken Design (BDD) with response surface methodology was applied to observe interactions of three independent variables (ethanol concentrations [%], microwave power [W], and extraction time [min]) on the dependent variables (total phenolic content [TPC] and antioxidant status via 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl [DPPH] to establish optimal extraction conditions. The ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS) analysis was applied for untargeted metabolite profiling, and in vitro assays were used for evaluation of the antidiabetic and antioxidant potential of the extract. Moreover, an in silico study was used to predict the interaction of five dominant compounds from the UHPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS profile against the dipeptidyl peptidase‐IV (DPP‐IV) enzyme.ResultsThe optimal conditions for the extraction were established at 60% (v/v) ethanol, 500 W microwave power, and 5 min time with TPC 12.83 ± 0.66 mg GAE/g d.w. and DPPH 45.09 ± 0.07%. The UHPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS analysis revealed the presence of a total of 106 compounds in the extract. Moreover, the extract prepared through MAE technology presented higher TPC and DPPH findings than the extract prepared through maceration. Similarly, the extract was also found with good antidiabetic activity by inhibiting the DPP‐IV enzyme which was also rectified theoretically by a molecular docking study.ConclusionThe current study presents a sustainable and an optimized approach for the preparation of sugarcane bagasse extract with functional phytoconstituents and higher antidiabetic and antioxidant activities.
Neurophenotype and genetic analysis of children with Aicardi‐Goutières syndrome in China
Authors: Zhang Shen , Zhang Weihua , Ding Changhong , Ren Xiaotun , Fang Fang , Wu Yun 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTImportanceAicardi–Goutières syndrome (AGS) is a rare genetic disorder mainly affecting the central nervous system and autoimmunity. However, research on AGS among Chinese patients is limited.ObjectiveTo summarize the neurologic phenotypes and genetic causes in pediatric AGS patients, providing insights for early recognition and diagnosis in the Chinese population.MethodsClinical features and neuroimaging results of the patients diagnosed with AGS from Beijing Children's Hospital between January 2018 and January 2022 were collected. Whole exome sequencing was used for genetic analysis.ResultsA total of 15 patients was included, all presenting with various neurological symptoms, including developmental delay (100%), motor skill impairment (100%), language disability (78.6%), dystonia (93.3%), microcephaly (73.3%), sleep disorders (26.7%), regression (20.0%), vessel disease (6.7%), and epilepsy (6.7%). Neuroimaging revealed intracranial calcification (86.7%), cerebral atrophy (73.3%), and leukodystrophy (73.3%). Seven genes were identified, with TREX1 being the most common (40.0%, 6/15), followed by IFIH1 (20.0%, 3/15). Variant c.294dupA (p.C99Mfs*3) was detected in four unrelated patients, accounting for 66.7% (4/6) patients with the TREX1 variant. A literature review showed that TREX1 gene mutations in 35.6% (21/59) of AGS patients among the Chinese population.InterpretationNeurological symptoms are the most prevalent and severe presentation of AGS. Diagnosis may be considered when symptoms such as developmental delay, dystonia, microcephaly, brain calcification, and leukodystrophy emerge. TREX1 mutations are predominant in the Chinese population.
A new effective phenomenological constitutive model for semi‐crystalline and amorphous polymers
Authors: Iadarola Andrea , Ciardiello Raffaele , Paolino Davide Salvatore 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA new phenomenological constitutive model is proposed for the prediction of the tensile and compressive behavior of semi‐crystalline and amorphous polymers. The new model modifies the phenomenological model previously proposed by Zhou and Mallick (ZM model) to correctly predict the complex behavior of thermoplastic materials including the linear viscoelastic deformation, the non‐linear viscoelastic deformation, the yielding, the post‐yield strain softening and the post‐yield strain hardening. A validation activity based on literature data has been carried out for polyether‐ether‐ketone (PEEK) and polycarbonate (PC) materials. The new model proved effective in fitting with high accuracy all the phases of the flow stress behavior for the considered materials, across a wide range of strain rates and temperature conditions. Finally, the comparison with Zhu et al., Duan et al., Nasraoui et al., Mulliken‐Boyce and Zhou‐Mallick models showed the better fitting performance of the proposed phenomenological model.Highlights
Formulation of a new phenomenological model.
Validation on mechanical test of semi‐crystalline and amorphous thermoplastics.
Comparison with different phenomenological models present in the literature.
Superior prediction results achieved compared to previously developed models.
Environmental implications of oxalic and malonic acids with tropospheric oxidants
Authors: Aazaad Basheer , Mano Priya Angappan , Subramani Rubini 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDicarboxylic acids (DCAs) are major players in the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) and climate change. DCAs have potential impact on human health and environmental issues ranging from local scale to global scale participate mainly in the cloud condensation. In this context, oxalic acid (OA) and malonic acid (MA) are the most dominant DCAs in the atmosphere. A full atmospheric degradation mechanism of OA and MA with the most reactive tropospheric oxidants, namely, OH, Cl and NO3 radicals, were studied using M06‐2X, ωB97XD/cc‐pVTZ and 6‐311++G(2df,2p) level of theories. To evaluate the atmospheric influence, this study enables us to deep investigation of fate of OA and MA with respect to the mentioned radicals and their subsequent secondary reactions. The latter result in the formation of carbon dioxide (CO2), formic acid (HCOOH), which contributes to the formation of SOA and climate change. The reaction mechanism in this study was initiated through H‐abstraction reaction, followed by dehydrogenation and decarboxylation reaction of both DCAs. The rate coefficients of OA, MA with OH, Cl and NO3 radicals are determined theoretically using variational transition state theory (VTST) with Eckart tunnelling method in the temperature range of 278–1000 K. At 298 K, the rate coefficient of OA with OH, Cl and NO3 are 2.48 × 10−15, 2.37 × 10−20, 6.16 × 10−23 in cm3 molecule−1 s−1, whereas MA with OH, Cl and NO3 are 9.76 × 10−14, 1.01 × 10−12 and 5.89 × 10−18 in cm3 molecule−1 s−1, respectively. Our present results shed light on the atmospheric implications of two DCAs and provide the significant insight for the atmospheric pathways.
Molecular mechanism of reduced biological fitness of fludioxonil‐resistant strains of Botrytis cinerea based on transcriptome analysis
Authors: Yin Xueru , Wang Zongwei , Wang Jing , Fang Anfei , Tian Binnian , Yang Yuheng , Yu Yang , Bi Chaowei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDFludioxonil is a fungicide used to control gray mold. However, the frequency of resistance in the field is low, and highly resistant strains are rarely isolated. The biological fitness of the resistant strain is lower than that of the wild strain. Therefore, the molecular mechanism underlying the decrease in the fitness of the fludioxonil‐resistant strain of Botrytis cinerea was explored to provide a theoretical basis for resistance monitoring and management.RESULTSTranscriptome analysis was performed on five different‐point mutant resistant strains of fludioxonil, focusing on mining and screening candidate genes that lead to reduced fitness of the resistant strains and the functional verification of these genes. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of the five point‐mutation resistant strains intersected with 1869 DEGs. Enrichment analysis showed that three downregulated genes (Bcin05g07030, Bcgad1, and Bcin03g05840) were enriched in multiple metabolic pathways and were downregulated in both domesticated strains. Bcin05g07030 and Bcin03g05840 were involved in mycelial growth and development, pathogenicity, and conidial yield, and negatively regulated oxidative stress and cell wall synthesis. Bcgad1 was involved in mycelial growth and development, conidial yield, oxidative stress, and cell wall synthesis. Furthermore, Bcin05g07030 was involved in osmotic stress and spore germination, whereas Bcin03g05840 and Bcgad1 negatively regulated osmotic stress and cell wall integrity.CONCLUSIONThese results enable us to further understand the molecular mechanism underlying the decrease in the biological fitness of B. cinerea fludioxonil‐resistant strains. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Genistein alleviates doxorubicin‐induced cardiomyocyte autophagy and apoptosis via ERK/STAT3/c‐Myc signaling pathway in rat model
Authors: Wu Jinxia , Feng Ailu , Liu Chunyang , Zhou Wenxiu , Li Kexue , Liu Yan , Shi Yue , Adu‐Amankwaah Joseph , Yu Hongli , Pan Xiuhua , Sun Hong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDoxorubicin (Dox) is a highly effective anti‐neoplastic agent. Still, its utility in the clinic has been hindered by toxicities, including vomiting, hematopoietic suppression and nausea, with cardiotoxicity being the most serious side effect. Genistein (Gen) is a natural product with extensive biological effects, including anti‐oxidation, anti‐tumor, and cardiovascular protection. This study evaluated whether Gen protected the heart from Dox‐induced cardiotoxicity and explored the underlying mechanisms. Male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were categorized into control (Ctrl), genistein (Gen), doxorubicin (Dox), genistein 20 mg/kg/day + doxorubicin (Gen20 + Dox) and genistein 40 mg/kg/day + doxorubicin (Gen40 + Dox) groups. Six weeks after injection, immunohistochemistry (IHC), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and clinical cardiac function analyses were performed to evaluate the effects of Dox on cardiac function and structural alterations. Furthermore, each heart histopathological lesions were given a score of 0–3 in compliance with the articles for statistical analysis. In addition, molecular and cellular response of H9c2 cells toward Dox were evaluated through western blotting, Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK8), AO staining and calcein AM/PI assay. Dox (5 μM in vitro and 18 mg/kg in vivo) was used in this study. In vivo, low‐dose Gen pretreatment protected the rat against Dox‐induced cardiac dysfunction and pathological remodeling. Gen inhibited extracellular signal‐regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2)'s phosphorylation, increased the protein levels of STAT3 and c‐Myc, and decreased the autophagy and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. U0126, a MEK1/2 inhibitor, can mimic the effect of Gen in protecting against Dox‐induced cytotoxicity both in vivo and in vitro. Molecular docking analysis showed that Gen forms a stable complex with ERK1/2. Gen protected the heart against Dox‐induced cardiomyocyte autophagy and apoptosis through the ERK/STAT3/c‐Myc signaling pathway.