bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic and molecular dissection of ICRISAT mini core collection of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) for high oleic acid
Authors: Mukri Ganapati , Nadaf Hajisaheb L. , Bhat Ramesh S. , Gowda M. V. C. , Upadhyaya Hari D. , Sujay V. 
Published: April 2012

With 2 figures and 3 tablesAbstractHigh oleic acid (O) and low linoleic acid (L) make peanut oil ideal for longer storage and better human health. Among the ICRISAT mini core collection accessions, oleic acid ranged from 33.60% to 73.54%. Accessions belonging to ssp. hypogaea had higher oleic acid (54.16%) compared with those of ssp. fastigiata (45.70%). An O : L ratio up to 6.93 was found among ssp. hypogaea. Additional varieties, mutants, germplasm lines and breeding lines had oleic acid within the range of mini core accessions. Mutations in ahFAD2A, which along with its homologous gene, ahFAD2B code for delta‐12‐desaturase, resulted in higher oleic acid and O : L ratio. ahFAD2A mutant allele was found in 49.5% of the accessions, and its frequency was higher in ssp. hypogaea (84.52%) than in ssp. fastigiata (19.39%). ahFAD2A mutation had a maximum contribution of 18.82, 12.98 and 10.52 towards the phenotypic variance of O, L and O : L ratio, respectively. Genotypes with high oleic acid levels could not reveal ‘A’ insertion mutation in ahFAD2B. Accessions with high oleic acid could be employed for improving peanut oil quality.
Does phylogeny matter? Assessing the impact of phylogenetic information in ecological meta‐analysis
Authors: Chamberlain Scott A. , Hovick Stephen M. , Dibble Christopher J. , Rasmussen Nick L. , Van Allen Benjamin G. , Maitner Brian S. , Ahern Jeffrey R. , Bell‐Dereske Lukas P. , Roy Christopher L. , Meza‐Lopez Maria , Carrillo Juli , Siemann Evan , Lajeunesse Marc J. , Whitney Kenneth D. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractMeta‐analysis is increasingly used in ecology and evolutionary biology. Yet, in these fields this technique has an important limitation: phylogenetic non‐independence exists among taxa, violating the statistical assumptions underlying traditional meta‐analytic models. Recently, meta‐analytical techniques incorporating phylogenetic information have been developed to address this issue. However, no syntheses have evaluated how often including phylogenetic information changes meta‐analytic results. To address this gap, we built phylogenies for and re‐analysed 30 published meta‐analyses, comparing results for traditional vs. phylogenetic approaches and assessing which characteristics of phylogenies best explained changes in meta‐analytic results and relative model fit. Accounting for phylogeny significantly changed estimates of the overall pooled effect size in 47% of datasets for fixed‐effects analyses and 7% of datasets for random‐effects analyses. Accounting for phylogeny also changed whether those effect sizes were significantly different from zero in 23 and 40% of our datasets (for fixed‐ and random‐effects models, respectively). Across datasets, decreases in pooled effect size magnitudes after incorporating phylogenetic information were associated with larger phylogenies and those with stronger phylogenetic signal. We conclude that incorporating phylogenetic information in ecological meta‐analyses is important, and we provide practical recommendations for doing so.
Diversity‐dependent stability under mowing and nutrient addition: evidence from a 7‐year grassland experiment
Authors: Yang Haijun , Jiang Lin , Li Linghao , Li Ang , Wu Mingyu , Wan Shiqiang 
Published: April 2012

Ecology Letters (2012)AbstractAnthropogenic perturbations may affect biodiversity and ecological stability as well as their relationships. However, diversity–stability patterns and associated mechanisms under human disturbances have rarely been explored. We conducted a 7‐year field experiment examining the effects of mowing and nutrient addition on the diversity and temporal stability of herbaceous plant communities in a temperate steppe in northern China. Mowing increased population and community stability, whereas nutrient addition had the opposite effects. Stability exhibited positive relationships with species richness at population, functional group and community levels. Treatments did not alter these positive diversity–stability relationships, which were associated with the stabilising effect of species richness on component populations, species asynchrony and portfolio effects. Despite the difficulty of pinpointing causal mechanisms of diversity–stability patterns observed in nature, our results suggest that diversity may still be a useful predictor of the stability of ecosystems confronted with anthropogenic disturbances.
Loneliness and Peer Relations in Adolescence
Authors: Woodhouse Susan S. , Dykas Matthew J. , Cassidy Jude 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe present study examined whether adolescent loneliness would be lower within the context of positive relationships with peers. The core conceptual model predicted that hypothesized links between peer‐rated social behaviors or victimization and loneliness would be mediated by social acceptance. Relationship experiences (i.e., social acceptance, reciprocal liking, and romantic relationship history), also were hypothesized to serve as protective factors in the links between social behaviors/victimization and loneliness. Finally, we examined sociometric status group differences in loneliness. Participants were 2091 11th grade students (61 percent girls). As expected, adolescent loneliness was positively associated with shyness, even when social acceptance was controlled. Additionally, loneliness was positively correlated with victimization and inversely related to prosocial and disruptive behavior. The link between victimization and loneliness was fully mediated by social acceptance; no other mediational models were supported. Also, the three relationship experience variables were unique predictors of loneliness (with social acceptance explaining the bulk of the variance in loneliness). There was no evidence, however, that social acceptance moderated the links between social behavior or victimization and loneliness. Sociometric analyses revealed that neglected and shy‐rejected, but not aggressive‐rejected adolescents, were lonelier than average peers.
Explicatio and Complicatio: On the Understanding of the Relationship between God and the World in the Work of Nicholas Cusanus
Authors: ALFSVÅG KNUT 
Published: April 2012

AbstractCusanus understands the relationship between God and the world through the concept of participation, which he explores through the twin concepts of explicatio (unfolding) and complicatio (enfolding). In Cusanus' view, the dialectics of explicatio and complicatio even apply concerning the relationship between God and humanity. This is explored concerning the relation between divine providence and human freedom, concerning the problem of worship and idolatry, and concerning the understanding of Christ as unfolded divinity and enfolded humanity. It is argued that this allows for an understanding of salvation through grace without reducing the importance of human involvement.
Globalisation and the decline of national identity? An exploration across sixty‐three countries
Authors: Ariely Gal 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe relationship between globalisation and national identity is puzzling. While some observers have found that globalisation reduces people's identification with their nation, others have reached the opposite conclusion. This article explores this conundrum by examining the relationship between globalisation and people's feelings towards national identity. Using data from the International Social Survey Program National Identity II () and the World Values Survey (), it analyses these relations across sixty‐three countries. Employing a multilevel approach, it investigates how a country's level of globalisation is related to its public perceptions towards different dimensions of national identity. The results suggest that a country's level of globalisation is not related to national identification or nationalism but it is related negatively to patriotism, the willingness to fight for the country and ethnic conceptions of membership in the nation. An examination of alternative explanations indicates that globalisation has a distinct impact on national identity.
Invasion by a non‐native ecosystem engineer alters distribution of a native predator
Authors: Cameron Erin K. , Bayne Erin M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAimShifts in diet composition, abundance or distribution of native predators can occur as a result of exotic prey introductions. We examined effects of non‐native earthworms and anthropogenic landscape disturbance on habitat selection by the American robin (Turdus migratorius), a generalist predator, at landscape and local levels. We also investigated whether robins could act as vectors of spread for earthworm cocoons (egg cases).LocationBoreal forest of Alberta, Canada.MethodsWe conducted robin and earthworm surveys at campgrounds, well pads, roads, pipelines, seismic lines and forest interiors across northern Alberta. At a subset of paired locations that had similar habitats and anthropogenic disturbance levels, we sampled both robins and earthworms.ResultsBoth groups were most likely to occur at campgrounds, well pads and roads. Furthermore, robins were more likely to occur at locations where earthworms were present in our paired local‐level surveys. This correlation between robin and earthworm distributions could be due to robins acting as a vector for earthworm spread, rather than robins’ use of earthworms as prey. However, in tests using captive robins, earthworm cocoons did not survive digestion.Main conclusionsRobin and earthworm distributions were correlated, likely due to robins’ use of earthworms as prey. These results suggest exotic prey can strongly influence native predators at both landscape and local levels, with shifts in native predator distributions occurring as a result of spatial variability in exotic prey distributions. Although the impacts of ecosystem engineering by earthworms have been previously demonstrated, our study provides evidence that effects of earthworms can also cascade upwards via trophic interactions.
Long‐term effects of a universal prevention program for depression in children: a 3‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Sato Shoji , Ishikawa Shin‐ichi , Togasaki Yasuko , Ogata Akiko , Sato Yoko 
Published: April 2012

BackgroundThe present study evaluates the long‐term effects of a universal prevention approach for depression in children. It looks into the 2‐ and 3‐year follow‐ups of previously reported postintervention and 1‐year outcomes.MethodOne hundred and eighty‐nine 3rd grade (8–9 years old) children participated in a five‐session, school‐based, universal prevention program designed to encourage social skills and peer support. The study was conducted from 2006 to 2009 in two public schools in Miyazaki, the south main island of Japan.ResultsDepressive symptoms decreased significantly from the pre to the postintervention periods, and this effect was maintained. Furthermore, children in the prevention group showed significantly lower depression than the normative sample.ConclusionsThis study reveals the beneficial long‐term effects of a universal approach.
Effects of Filler Size and Distribution on Viscous Behavior of Glass Composites
Authors: Samal Sneha , Kim Sunil , Kim Hyungsun 
Published: April 2012

We study the viscous behavior of glass composites with respect to type of filler, filler size, distribution, and interaction between the matrix and filler for industrial applications. Here, the viscosities of the composites were analyzed as a function of the type/size of the fillers (up to 20 wt% of Al2O3, ZnO, and TiO2) in a glass (Bi2O3–B2O3–ZnO) matrix. The particle size was varied from 1 to 10 μm, which influenced the fluidity of the glass matrix in the composite. Characterizations of the composites were carried out by dilatometry, differential thermal analysis, hot‐stage microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Fillers having the same particle size as that of the parent glass showed better fluidity behavior. With higher filler content, the filler plays no role in the composite's behavior, whereas a lower to medium amount of filler plays a significant role in the composite's behavior. Fillers with smaller sizes than those of the glass matrix show good dispersion throughout the matrix but agglomeration was observed in some areas.
Invasion of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, in China: dispersal, occurrence, and economic impact
Authors: Liu Ning , Li Yingchao , Zhang Runzhi 
Published: April 2012

AbstractColorado potato beetle (CPB), Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is a global destructive pest of potato, Solanum tuberosum L. (Solanaceae). It is also an important quarantine pest in China, but its dispersal history, occurrence, and economic impact in China have not yet been reported. We determined the current distribution of CPB and reconstructed its dispersal routes. We also investigated the density of CPB in China in 2006, 2007, 2009, and 2010, and estimated the economic impact of CPB in China. In 1993, CPB was first detected in Xinjiang and subsequently spread eastward. The CPB entered China at three distinct points in Xinjiang: in Huocheng County, Tacheng City, and Habahe County. As of 2010, CPB had invaded 38 counties and cities in China, with a distribution area of 277 000 km2, between 42°40′–48°28′N and 80°15′–90°41′E. The distribution area could be divided into four zones (from south to north): Ili River Valley, northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains, Tacheng Basin, and Altay. The average annual dispersal rates in the four zones were 18, 45, 12, and 24 km year−1, respectively. In China, CPB seriously damages potato, impacts eggplant, Solanum melongena L., and occasionally harms tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L. The current annual economic loss caused by CPB in China is estimated to be 3.2 million USD. The potential annual economic losses after completion of its invasion in China is estimated to be 235 million USD. Future invasion pathways, factors affecting CPB dispersal, and control measures were discussed.
The Italian Mediation Explosion: Lessons in Realpolitik
Authors: De Palo Giuseppe , Keller Lauren R. 
Published: April 2012

Between the time that the first modern Italian mediation statutes were issued in 1993 and March 2011, when mandatory mediation procedures under Italian Legislative Decree 28/2010 went into effect, an interesting paradox emerged in Italian mediation: mediation usage was virtually nonexistent despite the high success rates of mediated cases. Clearly, the mere availability of mediation was not sufficient to attract disputants away from the courts, even though the Italian court backlog skyrocketed to 5.4 million cases during this period.Decree 28/2010 was issued by the Italian government to address this paradox through a mandatory mediation requirement, but the law has faced significant opposition from some members of the Italian bar in the form of public strikes and legal challenges. Legislators have responded to this dissent with reactionary amendments to “cure” problems in the regulatory structure, even though there has also been significant positive attention paid to the Italian mediation model at the European level.As the opposition to Decree 28/2010 now appears to be diminishing and recent data indicate that mandatory mediation is achieving its objectives (to the tune of tens of thousands of mediated cases since March 2011), two lessons in realpolitik emerge for mediation proponents. First, nothing less than compulsion can rapidly increase mediation use. Second, the legislator who compels mediation without openly engaging the opposition is not mediation savvy, for even in compelling a policy choice, one should be respectful and mindful of the opponent's position, if for no other reason than to minimize his or her opposition to the final result.
Pex19p Contributes to Peroxisome Inheritance in the Association of Peroxisomes to Myo2p
Authors: Otzen Marleen , Rucktäschel Robert , Thoms Sven , Emmrich Kerstin , Krikken Arjen M. , Erdmann Ralf , van der Klei Ida J. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractDuring budding of yeast cells peroxisomes are distributed over mother cell and bud, a process that involves the myosin motor protein Myo2p and the peroxisomal membrane protein Inp2p. Here, we show that Pex19p, a peroxin implicated in targeting and complex formation of peroxisomal membrane proteins, also plays a role in peroxisome partitioning. Binding studies revealed that Pex19p interacts with the cargo‐binding domain of Myo2p. We identified mutations in Myo2p that specifically reduced binding to Pex19p, but not to Inp2p. The interaction between Myo2p and Pex19p was also reduced by a mutation that blocked Pex19p farnesylation. Microscopy revealed that the Pex19p–Myo2p interaction is important for peroxisome inheritance, because mutations that affect this interaction hamper peroxisome inheritance in vivo. Together these data suggest that both Inp2p and Pex19p are required for proper association of peroxisomes to Myo2p.
The Impact of Different Nursing Skill Mix Models on Patient Outcomes in a Respiratory Care Center
Authors: Yang Pei‐Hsuan , Hung Chich‐Hsiu , Chen Yao‐Mei , Hu Chuan‐Yu , Shieh Sheng‐Lan 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTBackground: Many hospitals have reformed hospital policies and changed nursing models to cope with shortages in nursing staff and control medical costs. However, the nursing skill mix model that most successfully achieves both cost effectiveness and quality care has yet to be determined.Aim: The aim of this study was to explore the impact of different nurse staffing models on patient outcomes in a respiratory care center (RCC).Methods: Retrospective data from 2006 to 2008 were obtained from records monitoring nursing care quality, as well as patient records and nursing personnel costs in an RCC as a medical center, in southern Taiwan. A total of 487 patients were categorized into two groups according to the RCC's mix of nursing staff. The “RN/Aide” group comprised 247 patients who received RN and aide care, with a 0.7–0.8 proportion of RNs, from July 2006 to June 2007. The other 240 patients (“All‐RN”) received 100% RN care from January 2008 to December 2008.Results: The results of this study indicated no significant differences in occurrence of pressure ulcer or respiratory tract infections, days of hospitalization, mortality, or nursing costs. However, significant differences were observed in ventilator weaning and occurrence of urinary tract and bloodstream infections.Conclusions: A higher proportion of RNs was associated not only with a lower rate of urinary tract infection but also with more patients being weaned successfully from ventilators. The findings of this study have implications for how managers and administrators manage nurse staffing in respiratory care.
Discovery of the novel HLA‐DRB1*03:77 allele in a Taiwanese unrelated hematopoietic stem cell donor by a sequence‐based typing method and identification of the probable HLA haplotype in association with DRB1*03:77
Authors: Yang K. L. , Lee S. K. , Kao R. H. , Lin C. L. , Lin P. Y. 
Published: April 2012

SummaryHere, we report a novel human leucocyte antigen (HLA)‐DRB1 allele, DRB1*03:77, discovered in a Taiwanese unrelated volunteer hematopoietic stem cell donor by a sequence‐based typing (SBT) method. The DNA sequence of DRB1*03:77 is identical to the DNA sequence of DRB1*03:01:01 in exon 2 except one nucleotide at position 223 (G→C). The nucleotide substitution caused an amino acid replacement at residue 46 (E→Q). The formation of DRB1*03:77 was thought as the result of a nucleotide point mutation. The probable HLA‐A, HLA‐B and HLA‐DRB1 haplotype in association with DRB1*03:77 may be deduced as A*33‐B*58‐DRB1*03:77. The donor was a Minna Taiwanese whose ancestors came from mainland China.
Drip‐tips are Associated with Intensity of Precipitation in the Amazon Rain Forest
Authors: Malhado Ana C. M. , Malhi Yadvinder , Whittaker Robert J. , Ladle Richard J. , ter Steege Hans , Fabré Nídia N. , Phillips Oliver , Laurance William F. , Aragão Luis E. O .C. , Pitman Nigel C. A. , Ramírez‐Angulo Hirma , Malhado Carlos H. M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractDrip‐tips are a common feature of the leaves of rain forest trees, but their functional significance remains contested. The most widely accepted hypothesis is that drip‐tips assist drainage of the lamina thereby aiding drying of the leaf surface and reducing the rate of colonization and abundance of epiphyllic organisms. The drying action of drip‐tips may also enhance transpiration and reduce the need for investment in support structures. Furthermore, drip‐tips may help prevent splash erosion around the base of the tree. Data from 130 forest Amazonian plots are used to investigate the abundance and distribution of drip‐tips and, through regression methods that incorporate spatial autocorrelation, seek to identify associations between the frequency of drip‐tips and a range of climatic variables. The average frequency of species and trees with drip‐tips across all plots was 32 and 33 percent, respectively. Trees and species with drip‐tips were significantly more prevalent in the Central‐East Amazon than the other regions. Drip‐tips were also associated with tree species that have smaller maximum heights and with trees with smaller trunk diameters. The proportion of species and individuals with drip‐tips was more strongly correlated with precipitation of the wettest trimester than with total annual precipitation or length of the dry season. Our results extend and provide support for both existing hypotheses for the functional benefit of possessing a drip‐tip. Moreover, the currently unrecognized macrogeographic association between the frequency of drip‐tips in trees of the tropical forest understory and areas of heavy precipitation suggests a new function for this trait.
Initial evaluation of canine urinary cystatin C as a marker of renal tubular function
Authors: Monti P. , Benchekroun G. , Berlato D. , Archer J. 
Published: April 2012

Objectives: To evaluate the performance of a particle‐enhanced turbidimetric assay for measuring canine urinary cystatin C and to investigate if the urinary cystatin C to creatinine ratio is higher in dogs with renal disease than in non‐renal disease dogs.Methods: Urinary cystatin C was measured by particle‐enhanced turbidimetric assay using an avian antihuman cystatin C antibody and the performance of this assay was evaluated. Clinical relevance was tested in 46 dogs that were divided into three groups: healthy dogs (n=14), non‐renal disease dogs (n=17) and dogs with renal disease (n=15).Results: The assay was linear (R2=0·99) and precise (mean intra‐ and inter‐assay coefficients of variation were 2·3 and 2·9%, respectively). The recovery was 111·5% and the limit of blank was 0·02 mg/L. Urinary cystatin C and urinary cystatin C to creatinine ratio differed significantly (P<0·001) between the three cohorts of dogs.Clinical Significance: Measurement of cystatin C by particle‐enhanced turbidimetric assay performed with high precision and linearity. This assay can be processed on automated clinical chemistry analysers making it widely available to commercial laboratories. Urinary cystatin C to creatinine ratio can differentiate dogs with renal disease from dogs without renal disease. These preliminary results suggest that urinary cystatin C to creatinine ratio is a promising marker for evaluating renal tubular function.