bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between neuroimaging and cognition in frontotemporal dementia: An FDG‐PET and structural MRI study
Authors: Cayir Salih , Volpi Tommaso , Toyonaga Takuya , Gallezot Jean‐Dominique , Yang Yanghong , Sadabad Faranak Ebrahimian , Mulnix Tim , Mecca Adam P. , Fesharaki‐Zadeh Arman , Matuskey David 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and PurposeFrontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a clinically and pathologically heterogeneous neurodegenerative condition with a prevalence comparable to Alzheimer's disease for patients under 65 years of age. Limited studies have examined the association between cognition and neuroimaging in FTD using different imaging modalities.MethodsWe examined the association of cognition using Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) with both gray matter (GM) volume and glucose metabolism using magnetic resonance imaging and fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)‐PET in 21 patients diagnosed with FTD. Standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) using the brainstem as a reference region was the primary outcome measure for FDG‐PET. Partial volume correction was applied to PET data to account for disease‐related atrophy.ResultsSignificant positive associations were found between whole‐cortex GM volume and MoCA scores (r = 0.46, p = .04). The association between whole‐cortex FDG SUVR and MoCA scores was not significant (r = 0.37, p = .09). GM volumes of the frontal cortex (r = 0.54, p = .01), caudate (r = 0.62, p<.01), and insula (r = 0.57, p<.01) were also significantly correlated with MoCA, as were SUVR values of the insula (r = 0.51, p = .02), thalamus (r = 0.48, p = .03), and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) (r = 0.47, p = .03).ConclusionsWhole‐cortex atrophy is associated with cognitive dysfunction, and this association is larger than for whole‐cortex hypometabolism as measured with FDG‐PET. At the regional level, focal atrophy and/or hypometabolism in the frontal cortex, insula, PCC, thalamus, and caudate seem to be important for the decline of cognitive function in FTD. Furthermore, these results highlight how functional and structural changes may not overlap and might contribute to cognitive dysfunction in FTD in different ways.
Age of first dental visits: A benefit of the pediatric medical home
Authors: Bussard Natalie , Casamassimo Paul , Amini Homa , Peng Jin , Wapner Andrew , Meyer Beau D. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis retrospective cohort study compared differences in age one dental visit use and age at first dental visit according to fluoride varnish receipt at the pediatric medical home.MethodsEnrollment and claims data were used from Partners For Kids, a pediatric accountable care organization covering Medicaid‐enrolled children living in 47 of 88 counties in Ohio. The main outcomes were having an age one dental visit and the mean age at first dental visit. Descriptive statistics and bivariate comparisons were applied.ResultsAmong 17,675 children, 2.8% had an age one dental visit. The mean age at first dental visit was 4.8 years. Children who received fluoride varnish from their medical home (12% of study population) were significantly younger at their first dental visit (4.1 vs. 4.9 years, p < 0.001).ConclusionDespite longstanding recommendations for the age one dental visit, very few Medicaid‐enrolled children in Ohio had one. The pediatric medical home lowered the age of first dental visit.
Population pharmacokinetics of butorphanol following intramuscular administration to exercised thoroughbred horses
Authors: Knych Heather K. , Weiner Daniel , McKemie Daniel S. , Traynham Megan , Blea Jeff 
Published: April 2024

AbstractButorphanol is commonly administered, both by the intravenous and intramuscular routes, to racehorses to facilitate handling for diagnostic procedures. As the administration of butorphanol for therapeutic purposes is considered appropriate, in order to avoid inadvertent positive drug tests, a thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of this drug is necessary. In the current study, 12, exercised Thoroughbred horses were administered a single intramuscular dose of 0.1 mg/kg butorphanol, and serum and urine samples were collected at various times post drug administration for determination of butorphanol concentrations using a highly sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method. Serum data were modeled using a nonlinear mixed effect population PK model. The maximum concentration (C
max) and time to maximum concentration (T
max) were 139.9 ± 72.8 ng/mL and 0.43 ± 0.44 h (mean ± SD), respectively. Although likely not clinically relevant, but important for drug testing purposes, a prolonged terminal phase was observed, yielding a terminal half‐life of 7.67 ± 1.86 h. Using the blood screening limits proposed by the Horseracing Integrity and Welfare Unit, the detection time for intramuscular administration of butorphanol was estimated to be 96 h.
Identification of a 1‐acyl‐glycerol‐3‐phosphate acyltransferase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a key enzyme involved in triacylglycerol biosynthesis
Authors: Santoshi Meghna , Bansia Harsh , Hussain Muzammil , Jha Abodh Kumar , Nagaraja Valakunja 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLatent tuberculosis, caused by dormant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), poses a threat to global health through the incubation of undiagnosed infections within the community. Dormant Mtb, which is phenotypically tolerant to antibiotics, accumulates triacylglycerol (TAG) utilizing fatty acids obtained from macrophage lipid droplets. TAG is vital to mycobacteria, serving as a cell envelope component and energy reservoir during latency. TAG synthesis occurs by sequential acylation of glycerol‐3‐phosphate, wherein the second acylation step is catalyzed by acylglycerol‐3‐phosphate acyltransferase (AGPAT), resulting in the production of phosphatidic acid (PA), a precursor for the synthesis of TAG and various phospholipids. Here, we have characterized a putative acyltransferase of Mtb encoded by Rv3816c. We found that Rv3816c has all four characteristic motifs of AGPAT, exists as a membrane‐bound enzyme, and functions as 1‐acylglycerol‐3‐phosphate acyltransferase. The enzyme could transfer the acyl group to acylglycerol‐3‐phosphate (LPA) from monounsaturated fatty acyl‐coenzyme A of chain length 16 or 18 to produce PA. Complementation of Escherichia coli PlsC mutant in vivo by Rv3816c confirmed that it functions as AGPAT. Its active site mutants, H43A and D48A, were incapable of transferring the acyl group to LPA in vitro and were not able to rescue the growth defect of E. coli PlsC mutant in vivo. Identifying Rv3816c as AGPAT and comparing its properties with other AGPAT homologs is not only a step toward understanding the TAG biosynthesis in mycobacteria but has the potential to explore it as a drug target.
The Universal As (Non‐)Particular: Agamben, Metz, And The Theology Of Victimhood
Authors: Wise Ryan M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study offers a new perspective on the work of Italian theorist Giorgio Agamben, arguing that his recent engagements with the Christian tradition can be productively interpreted as a kind of political theology. As a way of making this claim, I place Agamben in dialogue with German Catholic theologian Johann Baptist Metz, as perhaps the clearest analogue in recent political theology, examining their shared genealogical roots in Marxist philosophy and the Frankfurt School, as well their mutual interests in early‐Christian and medieval apocalyptic. Furthermore, I argue that their respective projects can mutually inform one another, and together be regarded as a corrective to certain aspects of contemporary Augustinian theory. Focusing on the question of the victim, I contend that Agamben's and Metz’s approach to “universality” can serve to illuminate and to challenge some of the more “particularistic” and exclusionary elements of the Augustinian form.
Australian and New Zealand Living Guideline cholesterol‐lowering therapy for people with chronic kidney disease (CARI Guidelines): Reducing the evidence‐practice gap
Authors: Cashmore Brydee , Tunnicliffe David J. , Palmer Suetonia , Blythen Llyod , Boag Jane , Kostner Karam , Krishnasamy Rathika , Lambert Kelly , Miller Andrea , Mullan Judy , Patu Maira , Phoon Richard K. S. , Rix Liz , Trompf Natasha , Johnson David W. , Walker Robert ,   the CARI Guidelines Steering Committee
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimPeople with chronic kidney disease experience high rates of cardiovascular disease. Cholesterol‐lowering therapy is a mainstay in the management but there is uncertainty in the treatment effects on patient‐important outcomes, such as fatigue and rhabdomyolysis. Here, we summarise the updated CARI Australian and New Zealand Living Guidelines on cholesterol‐lowering therapy in chronic kidney disease.MethodsWe updated a Cochrane review and monitored newly published studies weekly to inform guideline development according to international standards. The Working Group included expertise from nephrology, cardiology, Indigenous Health, guideline development and people with lived experience of chronic kidney disease.ResultsThe guideline recommends people with chronic kidney disease (eGFR ≥15 mL/min/1.73 m2) and an absolute cardiovascular risk of 10% or higher should receive statin therapy (with or without ezetimibe) to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events and death (strong recommendation, moderate certainty evidence). The guidelines also recommends a lower absolute cardiovascular risk threshold (≥5%) for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples and Māori with chronic kidney disease to receive statin therapy (with or without ezetimibe) (strong recommendation, low certainty evidence). The evidence was actively surveyed from 2020–2023 and updated as required. No changes to guideline recommendations were made, with no new data on the balance and benefits of harms.ConclusionsThe development of living guidelines was feasible and provided the opportunity to update recommendations to improve clinical decision‐making in real‐time. Living guidelines provide the opportunity to transform chronic kidney disease guidelines.
Does matter mind content?
Authors: Gómez Sánchez Verónica 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLet ‘semantic relevance’ be the thesis that the wide semantic properties of representational mental states (like beliefs and desires) are causally relevant to behavior. A popular way of arguing for semantic relevance runs as follows: start with a sufficient counterfactual condition for causal or explanatory relevance, and show that wide semantic properties meet it with respect to behavior (e.g., Loewer & Lepore (1987,1989), Rescorla (2014), Yablo (2003)).This paper discusses an in‐principle limitation of this strategy: even the most sophisticated counterfactual criteria systematically misclassify irrelevant properties as relevant when they stand in certain kinds of modal co‐variation or ‘entanglement’ relations to genuinely relevant properties. This entanglement problem, I argue, is more general and more serious than proponents of the counterfactual strategy have recognized: it threatens recent interventionist arguments for semantic relevance, and is not easily solved by appeal to proportionality or naturalness. I end by suggesting that proponents of semantic relevance may need to shift their attention from patterns of counterfactuals to the lawful psychological generalizations that explain them.
Reducing weight bias and stigma in qualitative research interviews: Considerations for researchers
Authors: Hung Pam , Miciak Maxi , Godziuk Kristine , Gross Douglas P. , Forhan Mary 
Published: April 2024

SummaryPerceptions and biases influence how we interact with and experience the world, including in professional roles as researchers. Weight bias, defined as negative attitudes or perceptions towards people that have large bodies, can contribute to weight stigma and discrimination leading to negative health and social consequences. Weight bias is experienced by people living with obesity in media, health care, education, employment and social settings. In research settings, there is potential for weight bias to impact various aspects of qualitative research including the participant‐researcher dynamic in interviews. However, evidence‐based strategies to reduce weight bias in qualitative research interviews have yet to be identified. We discuss how weight bias may influence research interviews and identify several considerations and strategies for researchers to minimize the impact of weight bias. Strategies include practicing reflexivity, planning and conducting interviews in ways that support rapport building, using inclusive language, and considering participatory methods.
Caught in a standstill—The unresolved challenges of integrated service delivery in public organizations
Authors: Andersen Niklas Andreas , Breidahl Karen Nielsen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDespite widespread support for integrated service delivery (ISD), the challenges of making ISD a sustainable feature of the public sector remain unresolved. This article offers new insights to this persistent challenge by developing a novel theoretical framework, inspired by the perspective of institutional complexity, and applying it to the case of Danish job centers. We demonstrate how the contradictory and layered nature of governance arrangements simultaneously pose demands of service integration and ‐separation on the job centers. Consequently, the job center managers can neither prioritize one of the demands nor blend them into hybrid practices. Instead, their attempts to further ISD remain inherently temporary—as they are continuously forced to reverse back to old organizational boundaries, to oscillate between work processes supporting service integration and service separation, and to rebuild collaborative relations. The managers are thus caught in a “frenetic standstill,” which hinders the sustainable organizing of ISD.
Greater mesophyll conductance and leaf photosynthesis in the field through modified cell wall porosity and thickness via AtCGR3 expression in tobacco
Authors: Salesse‐Smith Coralie E. , Lochocki Edward B. , Doran Lynn , Haas Benjamin E. , Stutz Samantha S. , Long Stephen P. 
Published: April 2024

SummaryMesophyll conductance (gm) describes the ease with which CO2 passes from the sub‐stomatal cavities of the leaf to the primary carboxylase of photosynthesis, Rubisco. Increasing gm is suggested as a means to engineer increases in photosynthesis by increasing [CO2] at Rubisco, inhibiting oxygenation and accelerating carboxylation. Here, tobacco was transgenically up‐regulated with Arabidopsis Cotton Golgi‐related 3 (CGR3), a gene controlling methylesterification of pectin, as a strategy to increase CO2 diffusion across the cell wall and thereby increase gm. Across three independent events in tobacco strongly expressing AtCGR3, mesophyll cell wall thickness was decreased by 7%–13%, wall porosity increased by 75% and gm measured by carbon isotope discrimination increased by 28%. Importantly, field‐grown plants showed an average 8% increase in leaf photosynthetic CO2 uptake. Up‐regulating CGR3 provides a new strategy for increasing gm in dicotyledonous crops, leading to higher CO2 assimilation and a potential means to sustainable crop yield improvement.
Internalizing rules
Authors: Paulson Spencer 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to give an account of what it is to internalize a rule. I claim that internalization is the process of redistributing the burden of instruction from the teacher to the student. The process is complete when instruction is no longer needed, and the rule has reshaped perceptual classification of the circumstances in which it applies. Teaching a rule is the initiation of this process. We internalize rules by simulating instruction coming from someone else. Running these simulations enables us to toggle between the perspective of the instructor and our own perspective. By doing this we coordinate our perspectives with that of the teacher. The account given here provides a deeper explanation of why internalizing a rule involves the dispositions and reactive attitudes proponents of Rule Consequentialism often say it does, why moral reflection is variably demanding, how intergenerational moral progress is made possible by our cognitive architectures, and why the adoption of a rule should be understood in terms of teaching that rule.
Physiological and proteomic characterization revealed the response mechanisms underlying aluminium tolerance in lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus)
Authors: Singh Dharmendra , Maithreyi Shubhra , Taunk Jyoti , Singh Madan Pal 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAluminium (Al) toxicity causes major plant distress, affecting root growth, nutrient uptake and, ultimately, agricultural productivity. Lentil, which is a cheap source of vegetarian protein, is recognized to be sensitive to Al toxicity. Therefore, it is important to dissect the physiological and molecular mechanisms of Al tolerance in lentil. To understand the physiological system and proteome composition underlying Al tolerance, two genotypes [L‐4602 (Al‐tolerant) and BM‐4 (Al‐sensitive)] were studied at the seedling stage. L‐4602 maintained a significantly higher root tolerance index and malate secretion with reduced Al accumulation than BM‐4. Also, label‐free proteomic analysis using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometer exhibited significant regulation of Al‐responsive proteins associated with antioxidants, signal transduction, calcium homeostasis, and regulation of glycolysis in L‐4602 as compared to BM‐4. Functional annotation suggested that transporter proteins (transmembrane protein, adenosine triphosphate‐binding cassette transport‐related protein and multi drug resistance protein), antioxidants associated proteins (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dependent oxidoreductase, oxidoreductase molybdopterin binding protein & peroxidases), kinases (calmodulin‐domain kinase & protein kinase), and carbohydrate metabolism associated proteins (dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase) were found to be abundant in tolerant genotype providing protection against Al toxicity. Overall, the root proteome uncovered in this study at seedling stage, along with the physiological parameters measured, allow a greater understanding of Al tolerance mechanism in lentil, thereby assisting in future crop improvement programmes.
Response of carbon fixation, allocation, and growth to source‐sink manipulation by defoliation in vegetative citrus trees
Authors: Li Sheng‐yang , Hussain Syed Bilal , Vincent Christopher 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSource‐sink balance in plants determines carbon distribution, and altering it can impact carbon fixation, transport, and allocation. We aimed to investigate the effect of altered source‐sink ratios on carbon fixation, transport, and distribution in ‘Valencia’ sweet orange (Citrus x sinensis) by various defoliation treatments (0%, 33%, 66%, and 83% leaf removal). Gas exchange parameters were measured on 0 and 10 days after defoliation using A/Ci response curves, and leaf export was measured two days after defoliation using radioisotope tracer techniques. Greater defoliation increased the maximum rate of carboxylation (Vcmax), electron transport rate (J1200), and triose‐phosphate utilization rate (TPU). Leaf export was unaffected by defoliation but increased in leaves closer to the shoot apex. Basipetal translocation velocity in the trunk remained unaltered, indicating that more photosynthates remained in the shoot rather than being transported directly to the root sink. Defoliated plants initiated more new flush shoots but accumulated less shoot biomass per plant after 8 weeks. Carbon allocation to fine roots was smaller in defoliated plants, suggesting defoliation led to retention of carbohydrates in aboveground organs such as the trunk and other shoots from previous growing cycles. In conclusion, the low source‐sink ratio increased carbon fixation without impacting individual leaf export in citrus. The results suggest that intermediate sinks such as the aboveground perennial organs play a role in mediating the translocation velocity. Further research is necessary to better understand the dynamics of source‐sink regulation in citrus trees.
Using leaf economic spectrum and photosynthetic acclimation to evaluate the potential performance of wintersweet under future climate conditions
Authors: Wang Lei , Dang Qing‐Lai 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe function of landscape plants on the ecosystem can alleviate environmental issues of urbanization and global change. Global changes due to elevated CO2 affect plant growth and survival, but there is a lack of quantitative methods to evaluate the adaptability of landscape plants to future climate conditions. Leaf traits characterized by leaf economic spectrum (LES) are the universal currency for predicting the impact on plant ecosystem functions. Elevated CO2 usually leads to photosynthetic acclimation (PC), characterised by decreased photosynthetic capacity. Here, we proposed a theoretical and practical framework for the use of LES and PC to project the potential performance of landscape plants under future climatic conditions through principal component analysis, structural equation modelling, photosynthetic restriction analysis and nitrogen allocation analysis. We used wintersweet (an important landscaping species) to test the feasibility of this framework under elevated CO2 and different nitrogen (N) supplies. We found that elevated CO2 decreased the specific leaf area but increased leaf N concentration. The results suggest wintersweet may be characterized by an LES with high leaf construction costs, low photosynthetic return, and robust stress resistance. Elevated CO2 reduced photosynthetic capacity and stomatal conductance but increased photosynthetic rate and leaf area. These positive physio‐ecological traits, e.g., larger leaf area (canopy), higher water use efficiency and stress resistance, may lead to improved performance of wintersweet under the predicted future climatic conditions. The results suggest planting more wintersweet in urban landscaping may be an effective adaptive strategy to climate change.
Golgi‐localized APYRASE 1 is critical for Arabidopsis growth by affecting cell wall integrity under boron deficiency
Authors: Zhang Ziwei , Yao Jinliang , Jiang Zhexuan , Huang XinXuan , Wang Sheliang , Xu Fangsen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMany nucleoside triphosphate‐diphosphohydrolases (NTPDases/APYRASEs, APYs) play a key role in modulating extracellular nucleotide levels. However, the Golgi‐localized APYs, which help control glycosylation, have rarely been studied. Here, we identified AtAPY1, a gene encoding an NTPDase in the Golgi apparatus, which is required for cell wall integrity and plant growth under boron (B) limited availability. Loss of function in AtAPY1 hindered cell elongation and division in root tips while increasing the number of cortical cell layers, leading to swelling of the root tip and abundant root hairs under low B stress. Further, expression pattern analysis revealed that B deficiency significantly induced AtAPY1, especially in the root meristem and stele. Fluorescent‐labeled AtAPY1‐GFP localized to the Golgi stack. Biochemical analysis showed that AtAPY1 exhibited a preference of UDP and GDP hydrolysis activities. Consequently, the loss of function in AtAPY1 might disturb the homoeostasis of NMP‐driven NDP‐sugar transport, which was closely related to the synthesis of cell wall polysaccharides. Further, cell wall‐composition analysis showed that pectin content increased and borate‐dimerized RG‐II decreased in apy1 mutants, along with a decrease in cellulose content. Eventually, altered polysaccharide characteristics presumably cause growth defects in apy1 mutants under B deficiency. Altogether, these data strongly support a novel role for AtAPY1 in mediating responses to low B availability by regulating cell wall integrity.