bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occupational demands and health effects for bricklayers and construction supervisors: A systematic review
Authors: Boschman Julitta S. , van der Molen Henk F. , Sluiter Judith K. , Frings‐Dresen Monique H.W. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackgroundKnowledge was gathered on occupational demands and health effects of two occupations in the construction industry, bricklayers and supervisors, in order to design a job‐specific workers' health surveillance (WHS) for construction workers.MethodsWe systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, HSELINE, NIOSHTIC‐2, and Picarta up to December 2008.ResultsA total of 60 articles were included. Evidence was found for the following demands for bricklayers: energetic load (exceeding 25% heart rate reserve), load on the lower back (exceeding the NIOSH‐threshold value of 3.4 kN), repetitive force exertions of the upper extremities, frequent bending with trunk flexion exceeding 60° and working with the arms more than 60° elevated. Environmental demands include: dust and quartz exposure (exceeding the limit values of 3.0 and 0.05 mg/m3, respectively), vibration and noise (exceeding the limit value of 80 dBA). Bricklayers are at increased risk of lung cancer, low back pain, complaints of arms and legs and getting injuries. Among construction supervisors are walking and standing common physically demanding activities. Psychosocial demands with evidence for supervisors were mental demands, workload, time pressure, working long hours, and social–organizational factors. Supervisors are at increased risk of lung cancer and injuries.ConclusionsFor bricklayers evidence was found for physical demands and risk on low back pain and complaints of arms and legs, for construction supervisors on psychosocial demands. Both occupations are at increased risk of lung cancer and injuries. Job‐specific demands and health effects should be incorporated in WHS for construction workers. Am. J. Ind. Med. 54:55–77, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
European collaborative study of early‐onset bipolar disorder: Evidence for genetic heterogeneity on 2q14 according to age at onset
Authors: Mathieu Flavie , Dizier Marie‐Hélène , Etain Bruno , Jamain Stéphane , Rietschel Marcella , Maier Wolfgang , Albus Margot , McKeon Patrick , Roche Siobhan , Blackwood Douglas , Muir Walter J. , Henry Chantal , Malafosse Alain , Preisig Martin , Ferrero François , Cichon Sven , Schumacher Johannes , Ohlraun Stephanie , Propping Peter , Abou Jamra Rami , Schulze Thomas G. , Zelenica Diana , Charon Céline , Marusic Andrej , Dernovsek Mojca C. , Gurling Hugh , Nöthen Markus , Lathrop Mark , Leboyer Marion , Bellivier Frank 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBipolar disorder has a genetic component, but the mode of inheritance remains unclear. A previous genome scan conducted in 70 European families led to detect eight regions linked to bipolar disease. Here, we present an investigation of whether the phenotypic heterogeneity of the disorder corresponds to genetic heterogeneity in these regions using additional markers and an extended sample of families. The MLS statistic was used for linkage analyses. The predivided sample test and the maximum likelihood binomial methods were used to test genetic homogeneity between early‐onset bipolar type I (cut‐off of 22 years) and other types of the disorder (later onset of bipolar type I and early‐onset bipolar type II), using a total of 138 independent bipolar‐affected sib‐pairs. Analysis of the extended sample of families supports linkage in four regions (2q14, 3p14, 16p23, and 20p12) of the eight regions of linkage suggested by our previous genome scan. Heterogeneity testing revealed genetic heterogeneity between early and late‐onset bipolar type I in the 2q14 region (P = 0.0001). Only the early form of the bipolar disorder but not the late form appeared to be linked to this region. This region may therefore include a genetic factor either specifically involved in the early‐onset bipolar type I or only influencing the age at onset (AAO). Our findings illustrate that stratification according to AAO may be valuable for the identification of genetic vulnerability polymorphisms. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
L‐type calcium channels and psychiatric disorders: A brief review
Authors: Casamassima Francesco , Hay Aleena C. , Benedetti Alessandra , Lattanzi Lorenzo , Cassano Giovanni B. , Perlis Roy H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractEmerging evidence from genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) support the association of polymorphisms in the alpha 1C subunit of the L‐type voltage‐gated calcium channel gene (CACNA1C) with bipolar disorder. These studies extend a rich prior literature implicating dysfunction of L‐type calcium channels (LTCCs) in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. Moreover, calcium channel blockers reduce Ca2+flux by binding to the α1 subunit of the LTCC and are used extensively for treating hypertension, preventing angina, cardiac arrhythmias and stroke. Calcium channel blockers have also been studied clinically in psychiatric conditions such as mood disorders and substance abuse/dependence, yielding conflicting results. In this review, we begin with a summary of LTCC pharmacology. For each category of disorder, this article then provides a review of animal and human data. In particular, we extensively focus on animal models of depression and clinical trials in mood disorders and substance abuse/dependence. Through examining rationale and study design of published clinical trials, we provide some of the possible reasons why we still do not have definitive evidence of efficacy of calcium‐channel antagonists for mood disorders. Refinement of genetic results and target phenotypes, enrollment of adequate sample sizes in clinical trials and progress in physiologic and pharmacologic studies to synthesize tissue and isoform specific calcium channel antagonists, are all future challenges of research in this promising field. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preparation and characterization of nano/micro‐calcium carbonate particles/polypropylene composites
Authors: Zhang Jun , Han Bing , Zhou Ning‐Lin , Fang Jue , Wu Juan , Ma Zhen‐Mao , Mo Hong , Shen Jian 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA new kind of polypropylene (PP)/CaCO3 composites was prepared on a twin screw extruder with the nanoparticle content of 5 wt % and the 2500 mesh microparticle content of 15 wt %. The mechanical property of four different samples [pure PP (1), PP filled with 15 wt % microCaCO3 particle composites (2), PP filled with 5 wt % nanoCaCO3 particle composites (3) and PP filled with micro/nano‐CaCO3 complex size particle composites (4)] was investigated through tensile tests, notched Izod impact tests and SEM. The results indicated that the sample 4 had the best mechanical property. The proofs of SEM showed that the high impact energy could lead to debonding and creating microcavitation between the nanoparticle and polymer interface if the polymer was filled with the nanoparticles. This process could absorb a lot of mechanical failure energy, but too much mechanical failure energy would lead to the enlargement of microcavitation and the destruction of the composites in sample 3. In sample 4, the microparticle could be used to prevent the enlargement of microcavitation in the matrix polymer under the higher impact failure energy. In this article, the model of the impacting failure process of micro/nanoCaCO3/PP composites was established. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Preparation, characterization, and testing of a composite membrane with pH sensitivity
Authors: Yin Zehua , Fu Kaiyu , Gao Jian , Cao Xuelian , Li Lulu , Zhao Changsheng 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn this article, a novel poly‐(acrylic acid‐acrylonitrile) (PAA‐AN)/filter paper composite membrane with pH‐sensitivity was developed. The membrane was composed of three layers. The top and bottom layers were made of PAA‐AN copolymer, while the middle layer was filter paper. The filter paper was used to enhance the strength of the membrane. The PAA‐AN/filter paper membrane showed evident pH sensitivity and pH reversibility as the pH value changed between 2.0 and 9.5. With the increase of the PAA‐AN copolymer amount in the composite membrane, the pH sensitivity increased. The Cu (II) ion‐exchange experiment indicated that the membrane could bind metal ions and could be used as ion‐exchange membrane to purify water. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Electrospun composite nanofibers of poly (vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene)/polyaniline‐polystyrene sulfonic acid
Authors: Abreu María , Montañez Stephán , Pinto Nicholas J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractNanofibers of poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene)/polyaniline‐polystyrene sulfonic acid (PVDF‐TrFE/PANi‐PSSA) were fabricated in air at room temperature using electrospinning, with the thinnest fiber having a diameter of ∼ 6 nm. This is a cheap, fast, and reliable process for generating PVDF‐TrFE/PANi‐PSSA composite nanofibers. The presence of conducting PANi‐PSSA increased the charge density of the solution and assisted in the fabrication of PVDF‐TrFE nanofibers at low polymer concentrations in dimethylformamide without the beading effect. Ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy showed that PANi‐PSSA was well incorporated into the PVDF‐TrFE solution with no polymer segregation or degradation. A scanning electron microscope was used for morphological characterization of the fibers and a profilometer used to determine the fiber diameter. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Influence of the type of quaternary ammonium salt used in the organic treatment of montmorillonite on the properties of poly(styrene‐co‐butyl acrylate)/layered silicate nanocomposites prepared by in situ miniemulsion polymerization
Authors: Moraes Raul P. , Valera Ticiane S. , Pereira Ana M. C. , Demarquette Nicole R. , Santos Amilton M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractHybrid latices of poly(styrene‐co‐butyl acrylate) were synthesized via in situ miniemulsion polymerization in the presence of 3 and 6 wt % organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT). Three different ammonium salts: cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CTAC), alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (Dodigen), and distearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (Praepagen), were investigated as organic modifiers. Increased affinity for organic liquids was observed after organic modification of the MMT. Stable hybrid latices were obtained even though miniemulsion stability was disturbed to some extent by the presence of the OMMTs during the synthesis. Highly intercalated and exfoliated polymer‐MMT nanocomposites films were produced with good MMT dispersion throughout the polymeric matrix. Materials containing MMT modified with the 16 carbons alkyl chain salt (CTAC) resulted in the largest increments of storage modulus, indicating that single chain quaternary salts provide higher increments on mechanical properties. Films presenting exfoliated structure resulted in the largest increments in the onset temperature of decomposition. For the range of OMMT loading studied, the nanocomposite structure influenced more significantly the thermal stability properties of the hybrid material than did the OMMT loading. The film containing 3 wt % MMT modified with the two 18 carbons alkyl chains salt (Praepagen) provided the highest increment of onset temperature of decomposition. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Enhancing polymer performance through graphene sheets
Authors: Qiu Jingjing , Wang Shiren 
Published: September 2010

AbstractGraphene sheets were synthesized through intercalation and subsequent ultrasonic processing of graphite natural flakes. The resultant graphene has been characterized by X‐ray diffraction, atomic force microscope and transmission electron microscope, and it was confirmed to be exfoliated into monolayer state. The exfoliated graphene was incorporated into epoxy resins and their mechanical performance was investigated. The critical stress fracture intensity factor, K1c, was calculated based on the three‐point bending test, indicating that the toughness was increased by 41% with addition of 0.54 vol % exfoliated graphene in comparison with the neat resin. The tensile tests also suggested that the elastic modulus and tensile strength were increased by 25 and 10%, respectively. The fracture surface of modified epoxy resins was also examined by scanning electron microscope, and it showed typical features of ductile materials. This study provides a cost‐effective way to reinforce polymers for engineering applications. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Preparation and swelling characteristics of a superabsorbent nanocomposite based on natural guar gum and cation‐modified vermiculite
Authors: Wang Wenbo , Zhai Naihua , Wang Aiqin 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA series of novel superabsorbent nanocomposites were prepared by the solution radical polymerization of natural guar gum (GG), partially neutralized acrylic acid [sodium acrylate (NaA)], and cation‐exchanged vermiculite (Mn+‐VMT) with ammonium persulfate as the initiator in the presence of the crosslinking agent N,N′‐methylene‐bis‐acrylamide. Fourier transform infrared analysis revealed that NaA was grafted onto the GG chains and that Mn+‐VMT participated in the polymerization. X‐ray diffraction results showed that the occurrence of the cation‐exchange process changed the interlayer gap of vermiculite (VMT) and that Mn+‐VMT was exfoliated during polymerization to form a nanocomposite. The exfoliated VMT led to better dispersion in the GG‐g‐poly(sodium acrylate) matrix, as shown by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analysis. Mn+‐VMT improved the water absorption of the nanocomposite more remarkably than raw VMT, and Al3+‐VMT enhanced the water absorption to the highest degree. The nanocomposite exhibited intriguing overshooting swelling characteristics in a multivalent saline solution and acidic pH solution and showed switching pH‐responsive behaviors in buffer solutions between pH 2 and pH 7.2. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Mammalian methyl‐binding proteins: What might they do?
Authors: Joulie Michael , Miotto Benoit , Defossez Pierre‐Antoine 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCpG islands (CGIs) are regions enriched in the dinucleotide CpG; they constitute the promoter of about 60% of mammalian genes. In cancer cells, some promoter‐associated CGIs become heavily methylated on cytosines, and the corresponding genes undergo stable transcriptional silencing. Hypermethylated CGIs attract methyl‐CpG‐binding proteins (MBPs), which have been shown to recruit chromatin modifiers and cause transcriptional repression. These observations have led to the prevalent model that methyl‐CpG‐binding proteins are promoter‐proximal transcriptional repressors. Recent discoveries challenge this idea and raise a number of questions. Here we discuss the following issues: what are other possible roles for the known MBPs? Why are these proteins not essential in mammals? Are there other MBPs left to discover? Could CpG methylation be nonessential?
Mitochondrial manoeuvres: Latest insights and hypotheses on mitochondrial partitioning during mitosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Peraza‐Reyes Leonardo , Crider David G. , Pon Liza A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMovement and positional control of mitochondria and other organelles are coordinated with cell cycle progression in the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Recent studies have revealed a checkpoint that inhibits cytokinesis when there are severe defects in mitochondrial inheritance. An established checkpoint signaling pathway, the mitotic exit network (MEN), participates in this process. Here, we describe mitochondrial motility during inheritance in budding yeast, emerging evidence for mitochondrial quality control during inheritance, and organelle inheritance checkpoints for mitochondria and other organelles.
Virtual laboratory for sliding mode and PID control of rotary inverted pendulum
Authors: Demirtas Metin , Altun Yusuf , Istanbullu Ayhan 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper presents a new virtual laboratory tool which teaches sliding mode control (SMC) and proportional–integral–derivative (PID) control to graduate students. Additionally, it describes performance differences between two control methods graphically. This educational virtual laboratory tool contains the control of rotary inverted pendulum. This system is a typical example of nonlinear and under‐actuated systems and also well‐known in control engineering for practicing different control theories. At first, the nonlinear dynamic equations of the inverted pendulum are presented. Then a virtual laboratory tool is designed for SMC and PID. After that, the results are analyzed. The validity of designed tool is verified by an experiment. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 21: 400–409, 2013
Web‐based tutor for interactive design of connections in steel buildings
Authors: Wang Nengmou , Adeli Hojjat 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThere are a large number of connection types in steel structures. This is an area where students cannot get enough in the classroom. Design of each steel connection type is unique. At the same, there are similarities in designs of various connection types. These two factors plus the open‐ended nature of the design can make the learning of so many different types of connections both challenging and tedious. While a number of tools are available to help teach design of connections there is no interactive online tool for teaching and learning of design of connections in steel structures. In this article a novel interactive approach and a Java applet, called Connection Tutor, is presented for design of a variety of connections in steel structures. Connection Tutor is intended to be used as a user‐friendly supplement in teaching design of connections in steel structures. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 20: 568–577, 2012
Photophysical Studies of Dipolar Organic Dyes That Feature a 1,3‐Cyclohexadiene Conjugated Linkage: The Implication of a Twisted Intramolecular Charge‐Transfer State on the Efficiency of Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Kuan‐Fu , Chang Che‐Wei , Lin Ju‐Ling , Hsu Ying‐Chan , Yeh Ming‐Chang P. , Hsu Chao‐Ping , Sun Shih‐Sheng 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA detailed study of the synthesis and photophysical properties of a new series of dipolar organic photosensitizers that feature a 1,3‐cyclohexadiene moiety integrated into the π‐conjugated structural backbone has been carried out. Dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) based on these structurally simple dyes have shown appreciable photo‐to‐electrical energy conversion efficiency, with the highest one up to 4.03 %. Solvent‐dependent fluorescence studies along with the observation of dual emission on dye 4 b and single emission on dyes 4 a and 32 suggest that dye 4 b possesses a highly polar emissive excited state located at a lower‐energy position than at the normal emissive excited state. A detailed photophysical investigation in conjunction with computational studies confirmed the twisted intramolecular charge‐transfer (TICT) state to be the lowest emissive excited state for dye 4 b in polar solvents. The relaxation from higher‐charge‐injection excited states to the lowest TICT state renders the back‐electron transfer process a forbidden one and significantly retards the charge recombination to boost the photocurrent. The electrochemical impedance under illumination and transient photovoltage decay studies showed smaller charge resistance and longer electron lifetime in 4 b‐based DSSC compared to the DSSCs with reference dyes 4 a and 32, which further illustrates the positive influence of the TICT state on the performance of DSSCs.
Effects of Alkyl Chain Length on Properties of 1‐Alkyl‐3‐methylimidazolium Fluorohydrogenate Ionic Liquid Crystals
Authors: Xu Fei , Matsumoto Kazuhiko , Hagiwara Rika 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA series of 1‐alkyl‐3‐methylimidazolium fluorohydrogenate salts (CxMIm(FH)2F, x=8, 10, 12, 14, 16, and 18) have been characterized by thermal analysis, polarized optical microscopy, IR spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and anisotropic ionic conductivity measurements. Liquid crystalline mesophases with a smectic A interdigitated bilayer structure are observed from C10 to C18, showing a fan‐like or focal conic texture. The temperature range of the mesophase increases with the increase in the alkyl chain length (from 10.1 °C for C10MIm(FH)2F to 123.1 °C for C18MIm(FH)2F). The distance between the two layers in the smectic structure gradually increases with increasing alkyl chain length and decreases with increasing temperature. Conductivity parallel to the smectic layers is around 10 mS cm−1 regardless of the alkyl chain length, whereas that perpendicular to the smectic layers decreases with increasing alkyl chain length because of the thicker insulating sheet with the longer alkyl chain.
ChemInform Abstract: Planar Fe6 Cluster Units in the Crystal Structure of Ln15Fe8C25 (Ln: Y, Dy, Ho, Er).
Authors: Davaasuren Bambar , Borrmann Horst , Dashjav Enkhtsetseg , Kreiner Guido , Widom Michael , Schnelle Walter , Wagner Frank R. , Kniep Ruediger 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe isotypic title compounds are synthesized by arc‐melting of the elements (Ln/Fe/C = 15:8:26) followed by annealing at 1273 K (Ta ampules, 500 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Material Properties and Structural Characterization of M3Si6O12N2:Eu2+ (M: Ba, Sr) — A Comprehensive Study on a Promising Green Phosphor for pc‐LEDs.
Authors: Braun Cordula , Seibald Markus , Boerger Saskia L. , Oeckler Oliver , Boyko Teak D. , Moewes Alexander , Miehe Gerhard , Tuecks Andreas , Schnick Wolfgang 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe efficient green phosphor Ba3Si6O12N2:Eu2+ and its solid solution series Ba3‐xSrxSi6O12N2 (x = 0.4, 1) are synthesized in a radio‐frequency furnace under nitrogen from mixtures of MCO3 (M: Ba, Sr), SiO2, an excess of α‐Si3N4, and EuF3 at temperatures up to 1425 °C.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvothermal/Hydrothermal Synthesis of Metal Oxides and Metal Powders with and Without Microwaves.
Authors: Komarneni Sridhar , Noh Young Dong , Kim Joo Young , Kim Seok Han , Katsuki Hiroaki 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTiO2 and Ca, Sr, and Ca0.5Sr0.5 hydroxyapatites are synthesized by conventional hydrothermal as well as microwave hydrothermal methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure and Dehydrogenation of Magnesium Amidoborane Monoammoniate.
Authors: Chua Yong Shen , Wu Guotao , Xiong Zhitao , Karkamkar Abhi , Guo Jianping , Jian Mingxian , Wong Ming Wah , Autrey Thomas , Chen Ping 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMg(NH2BH3)2·NH3 is prepared by ball milling of a mixture of Mg(NH2)2 and 2 equiv.
ChemInform Abstract: Solution Synthesis of a New Thermoelectric Zn1+xSb Nanophase and Its Structure Determination Using Automated Electron Diffraction Tomography.
Authors: Birkel Christina S. , Mugnaioli Enrico , Gorelik Tatiana , Kolb Ute , Panthoefer Martin , Tremel Wolfgang 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThermoelectric nanoparticles of the nominal composition Zn4Sb3 are prepared by heating Sb nanoparticles with a 9‐fold excess of Zn particles (synthesized by reaction of SbCl3 or ZnCl2 with Li[Et3BH] in THF at room temperature, and about 65 °C, respectively) in trioctylamine at about 300 °C for 225 min.
ChemInform Abstract: Al3Li4(BH4)13: A Complex Double‐Cation Borohydride with a New Structure.
Authors: Lindemann Inge , Ferrer Roger Domenech , Dunsch Lothar , Filinchuk Yaroslav , Cerny Radovan , Hagemann Hans , D'Anna Vincenza , Daku Latevi Max Lawson , Schultz Ludwig , Gutfleisch Oliver 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe new title compound is synthesized by high‐energy ball milling of AlCl3 and LiBH4 and characterized by synchrotron powder XRD, DFT calculations, Raman, and IR spectroscopy.