bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and determinants of the metabolic syndrome among Tunisian adults: results of the Transition and Health Impact in North Africa (TAHINA) project
Authors: Belfki Hanen , Ali Samir Ben , Aounallah-Skhiri Hajer , Traissac Pierre , Bougatef Souha , Maire Bernard , Delpeuch Francis , Achour Noureddine , Ben Romdhane Habiba 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components and to evaluate the relationship between this diagnosis and cardiovascular risk factors, demographic and socio-economic variables.DesignA cross-sectional study using a questionnaire including information on sociodemographic and CVD risk factors. Blood pressure, anthropometric indices, fasting glucose and lipid profile were measured. MetS was defined according to the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III.SettingThe whole Tunisian territory; Transition and Health Impact in North Africa (TAHINA) project.SubjectsA total of 4654 individuals (1840 men and 2814 women), aged 35 to 74 years, who participated in the Tunisian national survey.ResultsThe overall prevalence of MetS was 30·0 %, higher in women (36·1 %) than in men (20·6 %; P < 0·001). In both genders MetS prevalence increased significantly with age (P < 0·001), but this increase was more important in women. Multiple regression analyses showed that the odds for MetS increased significantly with urban area for both men and women (P < 0·05 and P < 0·001, respectively). The multivariate models showed also that the odds for MetS increased significantly with increasing level of education and in those with a family history of CVD for men (both P < 0·05) and after the menopausal transition for women (P < 0·05).ConclusionsThe study highlights the MetS problem in a middle-income developing country. There is an urgent need for a comprehensive, integrated, population-based intervention programme to ameliorate the growing problem of MetS in Tunisians.
Airing Authenticity: The BBC Jam Sessions from New York, 1938/39
Authors: BAADE CHRISTINA 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIn November 1938 and January 1939, the BBC relayed two American Jam Sessions from New York to Britain. Regarded as historic by critics and producers, the live relays broke from BBC tradition in their presentation of improvised jazz and in their production as “informal parties.” Both broadcasts featured Alistair Cooke as announcer and “a galaxy of swing stars” (including Sidney Bechet, Teddy Wilson, and Tommy Dorsey) assembled by the New York bandleader Joe Marsala; however, British jazz enthusiasts responded to them very differently. Whereas the second session was widely praised, the first session inspired controversy, particularly after a leading critic deemed it a “washout.”The divergent reception demonstrated the challenges of maintaining the jam session's status as a paragon of authenticity as it underwent three key transitions during the late 1930s: the transformation from in- and inter-group activity to public event; the transmission from New York's jazz and swing cultures to Britain's enthusiast subculture; and the transmutation from live performance to live broadcast. This article examines the context, planning, content, and reception of the 1938/39 BBC jam sessions as a case study in how authenticity in jazz was rearticulated in public, mediated, and transnational spaces.
PerformingAcadie: Marketing Pan-Acadian Identity in the Music of Vishtèn
Authors: FORSYTH MEGHAN 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis article examines the influence of strategic musical alliances on the formation of a unique regional Acadian cultural identity. The Acadian communities of Prince Edward Island and les Îles-de-la-Madeleine (Québec), located on Canada's east coast, share a tumultuous socio-political history that is traced tole Grand Dérangement, the eighteenth-century deportation of thousands of Acadians from eastern Canada. The geographic location of the islands, their contemporary political affiliations, and divergent cultural retentions suggest distinct experiences of Acadian identity; nonetheless, renewed interest in inter-island partnerships has arisen over the past decade, often along musical lines. These alliances have been fostered largely by a young generation of musicians from the Acadian group, Vishtèn. Through their strategic musical, narrative, and marketing choices, members of Vishtèn have striven vigorously to advance the project of a shared island Acadian identity, while claiming a place in the global “traditional” music market. I conclude that this exchange has fostered an emic perception of a unified francophone Acadian community that has transformed the cultural geography of this region of “Acadia” and contributed to local processes of Acadian cultural revitalization.
Remote sensing of neutral temperatures in the Earth's thermosphere using the Lyman‐Birge‐Hopfield bands of N2: Comparisons with satellite drag data
Authors: Krywonos Andrey , Murray D. J. , Eastes R. W. , Aksnes A. , Budzien S. A. , Daniell R. E. 
Published: August 2012

This paper presents remotely sensed neutral temperatures obtained from ultraviolet observations and compares them with temperatures from the NRLMSISE‐00 version of the Mass Spectrometer and Incoherent Scatter (MSIS) model (unconstrained and constrained to match the total densities from satellite drag). Latitudinal profiles of the temperatures in the Earth's thermosphere are obtained by inversion of high‐resolution (∼1.3 Å) observations of the (1,1) and (5,4) Lyman‐Birge‐Hopfield (LBH) bands of N2. The spectra are from the High resolution Ionospheric and Thermospheric Spectrograph (HITS) instrument aboard the Advanced Research and Global Observation Satellite (ARGOS). The results indicate that on each day examined there was consistency between the remotely sensed thermospheric temperatures, the densities from coincident satellite drag measurements at adjacent altitudes, and the NRLMSISE‐00 model.
A first step toward AGU's new two‐year college initiative
Authors: Asher Pranoti M. , Adamec Bethany 
Published: August 2012

The U.S. National Science Foundation–funded Unique Research Experiences for two‐year College faculty And Students (URECAS) workshop was held 11–13 July at AGU headquarters. Faculty from 2‐year and 4‐year colleges as well as representatives from federal and state agencies and other professional organizations gathered for the 2‐day planning workshop. The main goals of the workshop were as follows:

identify and develop a community of 2‐year college (2YC) Earth and space science faculty who are engaged in research experiences and programs with their students;
determine model programs and best practices within the community that make these research experiences and programs successful for faculty and students;
identify challenges that faculty must overcome to have successful faculty and student research experiences and programs;
connect faculty who want to engage in research experiences with their students to national and local resources that can assist them in being successful in these endeavors; and
highlight and develop collaborations that will allow 2YC students and faculty to attend and present their research at the AGU Fall Meeting.
A sea ice free summer Arctic within 30 years: An update from CMIP5 models
Authors: Wang Muyin , Overland James E. 
Published: August 2012

Three years ago we proposed that the summer Arctic would be nearly sea ice free by the 2030s; “nearly” is interpreted as sea ice extent less than 1.0 million km2. We consider this estimate to be still valid based on projections of updated climate models (CMIP5) and observational data. Similar to previous models (CMIP3), CMIP5 still shows a wide spread in hindcast and projected sea ice loss among different models. Further, there is no consensus in the scientific literature for the cause of such a spread in results for CMIP3 and CMIP5. While CMIP5 model mean sea ice extents are closer to observations than CMIP3, the rates of sea ice reduction in most model runs are slow relative to recent observations. All CMIP5 models do show loss of sea ice due to increased anthropogenic forcing relative to pre‐industrial control runs. Applying the same technique of model selection and extrapolation approach to CMIP5 as we used in our previous paper, the interval range for a nearly sea ice free Arctic is 14 to 36 years, with a median value of 28 years. Relative to a 2007 baseline, this suggests a nearly sea ice free Arctic in the 2030s.
Magneto‐elastic coupling in compressed Fe7C3 supports carbon in Earth's inner core
Authors: Chen Bin , Gao Lili , Lavina Barbara , Dera Przemyslaw , Alp Esen E. , Zhao Jiyong , Li Jie 
Published: August 2012

The nature of light element(s) in the core holds key to our understanding of Earth's history of accretion and differentiation, but the core composition remains poorly constrained. Carbon has been proposed to be a major constituent of the inner core, with broad implications for the global carbon cycle, the budget of volatiles in the Earth and origin of carbon‐based life in the Solar System. However, existing estimates of the inner core's carbon content remain highly controversial because of poor constraints on the behavior of compressed iron carbides. Here we investigated the structure, elasticity, and magnetism of Eckstrom‐Adcock carbide Fe7C3up to core pressures, using synchrotron‐based single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy techniques. We detected two discontinuities in the compression curve up to 167 gigapascals (GPa), the first of which corresponds to a magnetic collapse between 5.5 and 7.5 GPa and is attributed to a ferromagnetic to paramagnetic transition. At the second discontinuity near 53 GPa, Fe7C3softens and exhibits Invar behavior, presumably caused by a high‐spin to low‐spin transition. Considering the magneto‐elastic coupling effects, an Fe7C3‐dominant composition can match the density of the inner core, making the core potentially the largest reservoir of carbon in Earth.
High‐Pbehavior of anorthite composition and some phase relations of the CaO‐Al2O3‐SiO2 system to the lower mantle of the Earth, and their geophysical implications
Authors: Liu Xi , Ohfuji Hiroaki , Nishiyama Norimasa , He Qiang , Sanehira Takeshi , Irifune Tetsuo 
Published: August 2012

Multianvil experiments with long experimental durations have been made with the anorthite composition CaAl2Si2O8at pressure‐temperature (P‐T) conditions of 14–25 GPa and 1400–2400°C. At subsolidus conditions, these experiments demonstrated three phase assemblages, grossular (Gr) + kyanite (Ky) + stishovite (St) at ∼14 GPa, Gr + calcium‐alumino‐silicate phase (CAS) + St at ∼18 GPa, and CAS + CaSiO3‐perovskite (CaPv) + St at above ∼20 GPa, which are related by the reactions Gr + Ky = CAS + St and Gr + St = CAS + CaPv. Following the method of Schreinemakers, we combined our data with the literature data to deduce aP‐Tphase diagram for a portion of the CaO‐Al2O3‐SiO2system at subsolidus conditions, which subsequently helped to solve some long‐lasting discrepancies in the high‐Pbehavior of the compositions of anorthite and grossular. The crystal chemistry of the CAS and CaPv solid solutions was examined, and new substitution mechanisms were firmly established. Along the solidus, the melting reaction at ∼14 GPa is peritectic while that at ∼22 GPa is eutectic. For both pressures, St is the first phase to melt out and the melt is generally andesitic. For the An composition, its density starts to be significantly higher than the density of pyrolite at ∼2.5 GPa, a much lower pressure than that for the Or, Ab or Qtz composition (∼7.5–10 GPa), so that the An‐enriched continental crust material should readily plunge into the upper mantle.
POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC ELITES IN SWITZERLAND
Authors: Bühlmann Felix , David Thomas , Mach André 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACT
As a legacy of the early stages of its state building process, Switzerland continues to be characterised by a cohesive elite whose members simultaneously occupy political and economic positions. Whereas sectoral analyses of the economic or political elite are widespread, few researchers have scrutinised the connections between business and politics. Therefore, this paper focuses on the linkages between the economic and political fields. Based on a joint multiple correspondence analysis of the CEOs and board members of the 110 largest Swiss companies in 2000 and 256 parliamentary members, we examine the interactional and objective relations between the fields through an analysis of personal interchange, participation in meeting places and structural homology of educational capital. It appears that the connections between elites are cumulative: in each field, the dominant faction shares a background in law or engineering, participates in meeting places, and personally moves between the fields. Reversely, the dominated, which come from a rather heterogeneous educational background, are excluded from interactional relations and moves between the two fields. That the two forms of elite coordination coincide and reinforce each other could be typical for a small country with little differentiated fields, where elite members quickly get to know each other and can easily meet on a regular basis.
Designating Critical Habitat for Juvenile Endangered Smalltooth Sawfish in the United States
Authors: Norton Shelley L. , Wiley Tonya R. , Carlson John K. , Frick Amanda L. , Poulakis Gregg R. , Simpfendorfer Colin A. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
In 2003, the U.S. distinct population segment of smalltooth sawfish Pristis pectinata was listed as endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA). At that time, little was known about its habitat use patterns and, although required as part of the ESA, critical habitat could not be officially designated. Subsequently, studies were conducted that identified some of the specific habitats and environmental conditions important for the species. Facilitating recruitment into the adult population by protecting the species’ nurseries was identified in the recovery plan as the key conservation objective, which would be supported by the designation of critical habitat. The location of nurseries was determined by applying published criteria developed for identifying elasmobranch nursery areas to a decade of encounter data. These largely nontraditional data were composed primarily of encounters voluntarily reported by the public to members of the recovery team. The nursery habitats essential to the conservation of the species were identified as those adjacent to red mangroves Rhizophora mangle and euryhaline habitats with water depths ≤0.9 m. Ultimately, two broad areas in southwest Florida that contain these habitats were designated as critical habitat for juvenile smalltooth sawfish: the Charlotte Harbor Estuary unit (896 km2) and the Ten Thousand Islands/Everglades unit (2,505 km2).
Received June 23, 2011; accepted March 12, 2012
Phase Shift in an Estuarine Finfish Community Associated with Warming Temperatures
Authors: Howell Penelope , Auster Peter J. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Finfish abundance indices, produced from seasonal trawl survey data collected in Long Island Sound, were examined for changes in community composition related to the dynamics of water temperature from 1984 to 2008. In general, seasonal mean catch of species identified a priori as cold adapted significantly decreased while warm-adapted and subtropical species significantly increased over the time series. Bottom water temperature also significantly increased. As a group, annual abundance of cold-adapted species exhibited significant negative correlation with mean bottom water temperatures while warm-adapted species, but not subtropical species, exhibited significant positive correlation. Multivariate analyses identified a shift in community structure producing two primary year-groupings. Spring groupings were clearly delineated as 1984–1998 (cold period) and 1999–2008 (warm period). Autumn groupings were temporally discontinuous in the 1990s with group membership shifting between cold and warm periods, although the distal ends of the time series were clearly divided. These patterns aligned with deviations from the 1984 to 2008 mean bottom water temperature, indicating that this estuary is experiencing a relatively rapid shift consistent with a response to climate warming. The more distinct delineation of community structure in spring suggests that the lack of advantageous spring conditions was a more important factor in the decline of cold-adapted species than increasingly stressful conditions in autumn.
Received August 30, 2011; accepted April 7, 2012
Association of the miR‐146aC>G, miR‐149T>C, miR‐196a2T>C, and miR‐499A>G Polymorphisms with Risk of Spontaneously Aborted Fetuses
Authors: Jeon Young Joo , Kim Su Yeoun , Rah HyungChul , Choi Dong Hee , Cha Sun Hee , Yoon Tae Ki , Lee Woo Sik , Shim Sung Han , Kim Nam Keun 
Published: August 2012

ProblemThe miR‐196a2T>C and miR‐499A>G polymorphisms have been reported to be genetic risk factors for recurrent spontaneous abortion; however, that previous study focused on the genetic analyses of pregnant women rather than aborted fetuses. Because annexin A1 is a target of miR‐196a2 and is related to anti‐inflammation, miR‐196a2 may be immunologically important. Moreover, miR‐146a, miR‐149, miR‐196a2, and miR‐499 have shown associations with immune responses.Method of studyOne hundred and eighty‐two spontaneously aborted fetuses (SAFs) were <20 weeks of gestational age. The control subjects were 101 healthy children and 302 adults collected from a convenience sample. Polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was performed to identify the miR‐146aC>G, miR‐149T>C, miR‐196a2T>C, and miR‐499A>G genotypes.ResultsChromosomally normal SAFs had significantly different frequencies of the miR‐196a2CC, miR‐146aCC/miR‐196a2CC, and miR‐149TT/miR‐196a2CC genotypes compared with control subjects.ConclusionsmiR‐196a2CC, miR‐146aCC/miR‐196a2CC, and miR‐149TT/miR‐196a2CC in fetuses are possible risk factors for spontaneous abortion.
The future role of monoclonal antibody therapy in childhood acute leukaemias
Authors: Barth Matthew , Raetz Elizabeth , Cairo Mitchell S. 
Published: August 2012

SummaryLeukaemia is the single most common childhood malignancy. With modern treatment regimens, survival in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) approaches 90%. Only about 70% of children with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) achieve long term survival. Patients who relapse have a dismal prognosis. Novel therapeutic approaches are needed to improve treatment outcomes in newly‐diagnosed patients with a poor prognosis and for patients with relapsed/refractory disease that have limited treatment options. One promising approach in treating haematological malignancies has been the use of monoclonal antibodies to target cell surface antigens expressed on malignant cells. Most success with monoclonal antibody therapy in the treatment of haematological malignancies has come in the setting of adult B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma with the addition of the anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab to standard treatment regimens. In order to further advance treatment of haematological malignancies, novel monoclonal antibodies continue to be developed that target a variety of cell surface antigens. Several antibodies continue to be investigated in childhood leukaemias. This review will discuss the development of monoclonal antibodies that target a variety of cell surface antigens for the treatment of childhood ALL and the use of the anti‐CD33 antibody gemtuzumab ozogamicin in the treatment of childhood AML.
Randomized trial of the effectiveness of combined behavioral/pharmacological smoking cessation treatment in Syrian primary care clinics
Authors: Ward Kenneth D. , Asfar Taghrid , Al Ali Radwan , Rastam Samer , Weg Mark W. Vander , Eissenberg Thomas , Maziak Wasim 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAimsEffectiveness of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) for smoking cessation has not been evaluated in low income countries, such as Syria, where it is expensive and not widely available. We evaluated whether nicotine patch boosts smoking cessation rates when used in conjunction with behavioral support in primary care clinics in Aleppo, Syria.DesignTwo arm, parallel group, randomized, placebo controlled, double‐blinded multi‐site trial.SettingFour primary care clinics in Aleppo, Syria.Participants Two hundred and sixty‐nine adult primary care patients received behavioral cessation counseling from a trained primary care physician and were randomized to receive six weeks of treatment with nicotine versus placebo patch.MeasurementsPrimary end‐points were prolonged abstinence (no smoking after a 2‐week grace period) at end of treatment, and 6 and 12 months post‐quit day, assessed by self‐report and exhaled carbon monoxide levels of <10 p.p.m.FindingsTreatment adherence was excellent and nicotine patch produced expected reductions in urges to smoke and withdrawal symptoms, but no treatment effect was observed. The proportion of patients in the nicotine and placebo groups with prolonged abstinence was 21.6% and 20.0%, respectively, at end of treatment, 13.4% and 14.1% at 6 months, and 12.7% and 11.9% at 12 months.Conclusions Nicotine patches may not be effective in helping smokers in low‐income countries to stop when given as an adjunct to behavioural support.
Selective resection of dorsal nerves of penis for premature ejaculation
Authors: Zhang G.‐X. , Yu L.‐P. , Bai W.‐J. , Wang X.‐F. 
Published: August 2012

SummaryPremature ejaculation (PE) is one of the most prevalent male sexual dysfunctions. Selective resection of the dorsal nerve (SRDN) of penis has recently been used for the treatment of PE and has shown some efficacy. To further clarify the efficacy and safety of SRDN on PE, we performed a preliminary, randomized, placebo‐controlled clinical observational study. Persons with the complaints of rapid ejaculation, asking for circumcision because of redundant foreskin, intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT) within 2 min, not responding to antidepressant medication or disliking oral medication were randomly enrolled in two groups. From April 2007 to August 2010, a total of 101 eligible persons were enrolled, 40 of them received SRDN which dorsal nerves of the penis were selectively resected, and those (n = 61) enrolled in the control group were circumcised only. IELT and the Brief Male Sexual Function Inventory (BMSFI) questionnaire were implemented pre‐ and post‐operatively for the evaluation of the effect and safety of the surgery. There are no statistically significant differences in the baseline data including mean ages, mean IELTs, perceived control abilities and the BMSFI mean scores between the two groups. With regard to the post‐operative data of the surgery, both IELTs and perceived control abilities were significantly increased after SRDN (1.1 ± 0.9 min vs. 3.8 ± 3.1 min for pre‐ and post‐operative IELT, respectively, p < 0.01),whereas the post‐operative results were not significantly improved for the control group (1.2 ± 0.7 min vs. 1.5 ± 1.1 min, p > 0.05). Also, there were no statistically significant differences both in BMSFI composite and subscale scores between the two groups after surgery. Hence, we conclude that SRDN is effective in delaying ejaculation and improving ejaculatory control, whereas erectile function is not affected. The results imply that SRDN may be an alternative method for the treatment of PE for some patients.