bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PEST DAMAGE AND INSECT FAUNA OF NOVA SCOTIA APPLE ORCHARDS: 1953–1977
Authors: MacLellan C. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAnnual assessments from 1953 to 1977 of insect damage to the preharvest crop in apple orchards in Nova Scotia show a general decline in injury, except for 1966–68. Laspeyresia pomonella (L.) and fruit chewing insects (chiefly Operophtera brumata (L.), Alsophila pometaria (L.), Orthosia hibisci Guenee, Lithophane spp., and Xylena spp.) caused the greatest amount of fruit damage. Dysaphis plantaginea (Pass.), Campylomma verbasci (Meyer), and Atractotomus mali (Meyer) were serious in some years. In integrated control program orchards the proportion of fruit damaged was twice that in preventative pesticide orchards. Fruit destined for processing had more injury than fruit destined for the fresh fruit market.Population levels of the major insect pests and their natural enemies were monitored regularly and gave early warning of threatening levels of pests. Generally predator population levels were high during periods of selective insecticide use but were low when widely toxic insecticides were introduced into the integrated control program.
LES SENTIERS DE CARIBOUS DANS L’HEMIARCTIQUE, UN TYPE SECULAIRE DE BIOTOPE A LARVES DE MOUSTIQUES (CULICIDAE)
Authors: Goyette Daniel , Maire Alain 
Published: December 2009

RésuméLa région du lac Delorme, dans l’Hémiarctique québécois (55°00′N; 69°55′0), est parcourue par l’un des trois principaux troupeaux de caribous (Rangifer caribou) du centre de l’Ungava. Lors de leurs migrations, ces animaux tracent de nombreux sentiers qui, en périphérie des tourbières, constituent des gîtes à larves de moustiques. Une analyse qualitative et quantitative des populations larvaires présentes dans les portions de sentiers traversant les groupements sur tourbe à Carex oligosperma et à Chamaedaphne calyculata, indique que quatre espèces d’Aedes printaniers s’y développent de façon caractéristique. En comparant ces résultats à ceux provenant des mares naturelles réparties à travers ces deux groupements de tourbière, on peut conclure qu’il n’y a pas de différence notable dans la composition spécifique, l’abondance relative et la densité des populations culicidiennes de ces deux types de biotopes.
INTER- AND INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION IN SELECTED CHORISTONEURA SPECIES (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE): A TOXICOLOGICAL AND GENETIC SURVEY
Authors: Stock M. W. , Robertson J. L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAn assessment of toxicological responses among the Choristoneura species occidentalis, viridis, and fumiferana indicated that within-species variation in response to acephate may be as large as between-species variation. Studies of C. occidentalis sibling groups suggest that allozyme variation at the second esterase locus may be related to differential sensitivity to acephate. Use of genetic markers to forecast population response in control programs is discussed.
TOXICITY OF SOME INSECTICIDES TO INSECTICIDE-SUSCEPTIBLE STRAINS OF THE ONION, CABBAGE, AND SEEDCORN MAGGOTS (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE) AND THE DARKSIDED CUTWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)
Authors: Harris C. R. , Turnbull S. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDirect contact toxicity data were obtained with selected insecticides on 24–48 h old adults of insecticide-susceptible onion maggot, Hylemya antiqua (Meigen), cabbage maggot, H. brassicae (Bouché), and seedcorn maggot, H. platura (Meigen); and on third-stage darksided cutworm, Euxoa messoria (Harris). All insecticides were highly toxic to onion maggot flies, with the order of toxicity being: cypermethrin > chlorpyrifos > fenvalerate > permethrin > parathion > isofenphos > terbufos. Chlorfenvinphos was 1.4 × more toxic to cabbage maggot adults than parathion; the pyrethroids were less toxic, with fenvalerate being 1/13 as toxic as parathion. The order of toxicity of insecticides tested on seedcorn maggot flies was: diazinon > cypermethrin > chlorpyrifos > fenvalerate > permethrin. With the darksided cutworm, DDT and leptophos were 1/10 and 3/4 as toxic as chlorpyrifos, while cypermethrin, fenvalerate, permethrin, and decamethrin were ca. 10, 11, 12, and 120 × more toxic, respectively.
SYNOPSIS OF CHRYSONOTOMYIA ASHMEAD S. STR. OF AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA, EULOPHIDAE)
Authors: Yoshimoto Carl M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe subgenus Chrysonotomyia Ashmead s. str. is reviewed. Eight species are recognized and three new species are described: C. baliosa n. sp., C. solidaginis n. sp., and C. cunicularia n. sp. Keys to species, list of hosts, list of misidentified species, and distribution records are included.
A NEW SPECIES OF CLEPSIS GUENÉE FROM THE NORTHERN YUKON TERRITORY (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Mutuura Akira 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA new species Clepsis (Siclobola) firthana is described from the northern Yukon Territory, Canada. Morphologically this species is closely related to the European C. strigana (Hübner) and the North American C. clemensiana (Fernald). Genitalic characters are given to distinguish C. firthana from the North American C. kearfotti Obraztsov and C. moeschleriana (Wocke) (which have similar markings), and C. clemensiana (Fernald).
BIOSYSTEMATICS OF THE GENUS EUXOA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE): XIV. EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON FEMALE CALLING BEHAVIOR AND TEMPORAL PARTITIONING IN THREE SIBLING SPECIES OF THE DECLARATA GROUP
Authors: Teal P. E. A. , Byers J. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe calling behavior of females of three interfertile sibling species of Euxoa was studied in the laboratory at 20°, 15°, 10°, and 5 °C. At 20 °C the calling posture of E. campestris and E. rockburnei differs from that of E. declarata. However, with decreasing temperatures the calling posture of both campestris and rockburnei becomes indistinguishable from that of declarata. The pattern and duration of calling bouts was similar in all three species and at all four temperatures. Calling occurred progressively earlier in scotophase as temperature decreased but temporal separation between the calling periods of the three species is maintained at all temperatures above the threshold for mating activity. This confirms that temporal separation of mating persists over the range of temperature normally encountered in nature and strengthens the evidence that species-specific rhythms of mating activity are largely responsible for maintaining reproductive isolation between sympatric populations of these species.
DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS OF COLEOPTERA IN EASTERN CANADA
Authors: Campbell J. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe distribution patterns of species of Coleoptera occurring in eastern Canada are examined. The following patterns are discussed: eastern ranges, northeastern ranges, amphiatlantic ranges, boreal ranges, subarctic ranges, arctic ranges, and introductions. The historical development of each of these ranges is discussed relative to their expansion from refugial areas.
MAN AND INSECTS: THE INFLUENCE OF HUMAN SETTLEMENT ON THE INSECT FAUNA OF CANADA
Authors: Turnbull A. L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBecause little is known of the pre-settlement insect fauna of Canada it is now almost impossible to assess all of the changes that have been caused by settlement. For most of the time that has elapsed since colonization began, settlements have been small and scattered, and land use has been non-intensive. Many refuges for native insects persisted until very recently, and many still persist but are diminishing. Thus probably few aboriginal species have been driven to extinction. Many ruderal and cultivated plants accompanied settlers from Europe and Asia. Some of these provide an expanded food supply for a few native insects and these have expanded their numbers and ranges. Other native insects have been displaced and diminished by depletion of forests and planting of crops. Exotic plants are inevitably accompanied by exotic insects and Canada has provided a hospitable home for a multitude of exotic insects. Over 300 species have been deliberately introduced for biological control.Once established in a colonial environment, the exotic origins of immigrant species are difficult to detect. Seven criteria for detecting exotic insect populations are suggested.The impacts of settlement on the principal geographic regions of Canada and their probable influence on insect faunas are briefly discussed.It is concluded that the insect fauna of Canada has been greatly enhanced by settlement.
REARING METHODS AND BIOLOGICAL NOTES FOR SEVEN SPECIES OF EUROPEAN AND JAPANESE PARASITES OF THE LARCH CASEBEARER (LEPIDOPTERA: COLEOPHORIDAE)
Authors: Ryan R. B. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTypes of cages and methods for rearing, collecting, holding, and scheduling adult emergence are described for hymenopterous parasites ofColeophora laricella(Hübner). Methods differ depending on whether the parasite attacks needlemining larvae, e.g.Agathis pumila(Ratz.) andDiadegma laricinellum(Strobl), or casebearing larvae, e.g.Chrysocharis laricinellae(Ratz.),Elachertus argissa(Walk.),Necremnus metalarus(Walk.),Dicladocerus westwoodiiWestw., andDicladocerus japonicusYshm. Biological details of the parasites pertinent to laboratory rearing include stage attacked, developmental times, adult longevity, diapause, mode of reproduction, progeny sex ratios, and suggested parasite/host ratios.
INFLUENCES OF EXTRACTS OF FRESHWATER VEGETATION ON THE SURVIVAL AND OVIPOSITION BY AEDES AEGYPTI (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)
Authors: Angerilli Nello P. D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractExtracts of eight species of freshwater vegetation were tested for toxicity against larvae of Aedes aegypti L. All extracts were found to be toxic. The same extracts and culture water from one of the species were also tested for their possible influences on the oviposition behaviour of A. aegypti. Extracts of six species repelled ovipositing females; one extract and the culture water attracted ovipositing females; and one extract type had no influence on the oviposition behaviour.
A BIOASSAY SYSTEM FOR THE EVALUATION OF BLACK FLY (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE) CONTROL AGENTS UNDER SIMULATED STREAM CONDITIONS
Authors: Gaugler Randy , Molloy Daniel , Haskins Thomas , Rider George 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA new bioassay unit is described which provides simulated stream conditions for testing control agents against black fly larvae. Attributes include uniform flow, high control survival, and excellent visibility for observing larval behavior. It also possesses the unique advantage of using recycled water, continuously supplied fresh water, or both simultaneously. The unit has performed satisfactorily in assays against black flies using pathogens, parasites, and chemicals. In addition, stream invertebrates from four insect orders have been maintained in the unit.A simple and inexpensive incubation unit is also described which possesses several of the advantages of the bioassay unit. It lacks the capability for recirculation and is generally less versatile than the bioassay unit; however, it is useful for the maintenance and observation of stream insects.
INHERITANCE OF PARTIAL STERILITY IN PROGENY OF IRRADIATED MALES OF EPHESTIA CAUTELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE) AND ITS EFFECT ON THEORETICAL POPULATION SUPPRESSION
Authors: Brower John H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractOne-day-old P1 males of the almond moth, Ephestia cautella (Walker), were irradiated with 5, 10, 15, or 2 krad of gamma radiation and paired with untreated virgin females. Progeny were collected through three generations, and lines were established in theF1and F2 with all possible degrees of inbreeding and outbreeding. Radiation effects were assayed by determining mating success, sterility of pairs, average number of progeny/fertile pair, and sex ratio for pairs with males (U♂ × F1♀ U♂ × F2 ♀), females, or both sexes (F1♂ × F1♀, F2 ♂ × F2 ♀) from each dose. Results showed the greater the initial dose, the greater the reduction in the number of progeny and the greater the male to female ratio. Radiation effects on both F1 males and F1 females were greater than effects on the P1 males, though effects on F1 males were greater than effects on F1 females. Except for extinct lines, partial recovery occurred in the F2 generation though recovery was much greater in F2 females than in F2 males. In each generation males were more affected than females from the same breeding line when they were outcrossed with untreated moths. The greater the degree of inbreeding in irradiated lines, the greater the effect on both males and females. Although a high degree of population reduction occurred only in the F1 generation at a dose of 15 and 20 krad, population models showed inbreeding at the lower doses caused sufficient depression to greatly reduce abundance of a natural population for several generations after a single inundative release of substerilized males.
CHANGES IN THE SEX RATIO OF DENDROCTONUS FRONTALIS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) ON PINUS TAEDA DURING THE ATTACK PROCESS
Authors: Hynum Barry G. 
Published: December 2009

In studies of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm., on loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., one of the theories about the mechanism of attack is a shift in sex ratio from 100% to 25% females (Renwick and Vité 1970). This paper reports a test of this theory using trees that were naturally infested.Thirty-one naturally infested loblolly pine trees were observed in July 1978, near Cut-and-Shoot, 19 km east of Conroe, Montgomery County, Texas. A 0.66 m quadrat was marked off on the bole of each tree at heights of 3 m and 3.66 m. Gallery starts in the quadrat were counted and marked every 24 h on each tree. The quadrat was reduced to a 0.33 m section on the bole at heights of 3.33 to 3.66 m on a tree after the attack density reached 1 gallery/100 cm2 and to a 0.16 m section at heights of 3.50 and 3.66 m on the bole after the attack density reached 2 gallerys/100 cm2; this facilitated timely counting and stabilized error due to observer fatigue.
MATING DISRUPTION WITH SYNTHETIC SEX ATTRACTANTS CONTROLS DAMAGE BY EUCOSMA SONOMANA (LEPIDOPTERA; TORTRICIDAE, OLETHREUTINAE) IN PINUS PONDEROSA PLANTATIONS: I. MANUALLY APPLIED POLYVINYL CHLORIDE FORMULATION
Authors: Sartwell Charles , Daterman G. E. , Sower L. L. , Overhulser D. L. , Koerber T. W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA chemical mixture highly attractive to males of western pine shoot borer, Eucosma sonomana Kearfott, were dispensed from manually applied polyvinyl chloride releasers on 15 ha of ponderosa pine plantations during spring 1978 near Bly, Oregon. Mating disruption treatments, replicated 4 times, were 3.5 g/ha from 100 releasers/ha spaced at 10 m, and 14 g/ha from 400 releasers/ha spaced at 5 m. Both were equally effective; the number of damaged terminal shoots was reduced 83.0% with the low dosage and 84.2% with the high dosage.
STUDIES ON THE DISSIPATION OF DIFLUBENZURON AND METHOPRENE FROM SHALLOW PRAIRIE POOLS
Authors: Madder D. J. , Lockhart W. L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA series of sod-lined pools were constructed and used to monitor repeated applications of diflubenzuron as Dimilin WP-25 and mefhoprene as Altosid SR-10. Diflubenzuron and methoprene "disappeared" rapidly from the pool water as determined by bioassays using Aedes aegypti (L.) (Culicidae) larvae and by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). Chemical assays for a diflubenzuron derivative were positive for several days; bioassay indicated the presence of diflubenzuron (or at least growth regulator activity) at levels toxic to mosquito larvae for up to 16 days. In contrast methoprene "fell" below GLC detection within 2 days although biological activity persisted for approximately a week after treatment. Neither parent compound should cause a long-term persistence hazard when used for mosquito control in Canadian prairie waters.
RELATIONSHIP OF TEMPERATURE AND PREY TYPE TO DEVELOPMENTAL TIME OF THE BARK BEETLE PREDATOR THANASIMUS DUBIUS (COLEOPTERA: CLERIDAE)
Authors: Nebeker T. E. , Purser G. C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractEffects of three temperatures and three prey types on the developmental time (egg to adult) of Thanasimus dubius (F.) from two different geographic areas were investigated in the laboratory. The developmental time decreased with increasing temperature. Larval T. dubius exhibited longer developmental times with small prey larvae as compared with larger prey. However, the prepupal and pupal period was shorter for T. dubius fed small prey. Prey type did not affect the overall developmental time. Significant difference in developmental time was observed between the two groups. Elytral lengths of adult T. dubius were indicative of rearing temperatures and prey type consumed by the immature predator.
PARASITIC MITES (ACARI: ERYTHRAEIDAE) ON SPRUCE BUDWORM MOTHS (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Houseweart Mark W. , Jennings Daniel T. , Berkett Lorraine P. , Brann Thomas B. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAt least two species of parasitic larval mites of the erythraeid genus Leptus were found on male spruce bud worm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), moths attracted to pheromone-baited traps. Mites were found on 28.5% of 2298 male moths captured during three trapping days in July 1977. Numbers of mite-infested moths were positively correlated with catch density. Percentage mite infestation increased with time. Red larval mites were also collected from both male and female free-flying budworm moths. Attachment sites include: wing veins, cervix, compound eye, femur, and abdomen. As many as four mites were collected from one female moth.
THE INFRARED RECEPTIVE FIELDS OF MELANOPHILA ACUMINATA (COLEOPTERA: BUPRESTIDAE)
Authors: Evans W. G. , Kuster J. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractReceptive fields of the infrared receptors located in sensory pits adjacent to the mesocoxal cavities of Melanophila acuminata were measured using a goniometric apparatus and plotted on a Mollweide homolographic projection. The receptive fields extend mainly in a lateral and ventral direction. The total receptive area in units of solid angle is 5.80 steradians but the simultaneous field of perception of infrared radiation of all the sensilla in a pit is only 0.42 steradian. Based on these findings and on other evidence we believe that the infrared-sensitive sensilla function during flight and are used by these beetles for detecting point sources of heat, such as forest fires, from long distances.
PARASITES OF THE YELLOWHEAD SPRUCE SAWFLY, PIKONEMA ALASKENSIS (HYMENOPTERA: TENTHREDINIDAE), IN MAINE AND NOVA SCOTIA
Authors: Thompson L. C. , Kulman H. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThirteen species of parasites were reared from Pikonema alaskensis (Rohwer) larvae and cocoons collected in Maine and 12 species from larvae collected in Nova Scotia. Of the larval parasites, the most common species in Maine were the ichneumons Rhorus sp. 1 and Syndipnus rubiginosus Walley, and in Nova Scotia, the ichneumons Aderaeon bedardi (Provancher), Mesoleius sp., Rhorus sp. 2, and S. rubiginosus. Of the tachina flies, Palexorista bohemica (Mesnil) was more common in Maine, while it and Bessa harveyi (Townsend) were equally common in Nova Scotia. Only two cocoon parasites were reared in Maine, the ichneumon Endasys pubescens (Provancher) and the pteromalid Tritneptis diprionis Gahan. No egg parasites were reared. Parasitism totaled 12.3% in Maine larvae, 16.1% in Maine cocoons, and 46.7% in Nova Scotia larvae.
A SAMPLING SYSTEM FOR ESTIMATING EGG AND LARVAL POPULATIONS OF AGROMYZA FRONTELLA (DIPTERA: AGROMYZIDAE) IN ALFALFA
Authors: Harcourt D. G. , Binns M. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDuring 1977, a detailed study was undertaken to develop efficient sampling procedures for estimating egg and larval populations of the alfalfa blotch leafminer, Agromyza frontella (Rond.), in Vernal alfalfa. Distributions of the stages within and between stems were contagious and stem totals tended to follow negative binomial distributions. Within stems, the density of eggs and larval mines increased exponentially from base to tip. Taking these patterns and the costs of sampling into account, and using the relevant components of variance, four leaves taken systematically from a single stem is proposed as the appropriate sample unit for both eggs and mines. On this basis, 200 stems per field will give adequate precision (less than 10% of the mean with confidence probability 90%) for population estimates. However, the propensity of the leafminer to prefer the middle leaflet to the basal leaflets in the approximate ratio 3:4:3 suggests that sampling costs may be further reduced by restricting counts to the middle leaflet and raising them by a factor of 2.5.
A REVISION OF THE NEARCTIC SPECIES OFCALOTELEAWESTWOOD (HYMENOPTERA, PROCTOTRUPOIDEA, SCELIONIDAE)
Authors: Masner Lubomir 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe genusCaloteleaWestwood of the Nearctic region is revised. Ten species are recognized, all of them new to science,viz.:C.anthracina♀ ♂ (New Mexico),C.atra♀ ♂ (Florida),C.aurulenta♀ (Texas, North Carolina),C.bicolor♀ ♂ (Virginia),C.cincta♂ (New Mexico),C.flava♀ (Florida, North Carolina, Texas),C.lutea♀ (Virginia),C.mellea♀ ♂ (Georgia),C.nebulosa♀ (Georgia, South Carolina), andC.pulla♀ (Florida). The taxonomic concept ofCaloteleais reviewed. The taxonomic position of the 10 Nearctic species is discussed and the keys to females and males given.
OPPORTUNISTIC FEEDING BY THE FEMALE TREE CRICKET, OECANTHUS NIGRICORNIS (ORTHOPTERA: GRYLLIDAE)
Authors: Bell Paul D. 
Published: December 2009

Intruding Oecanthus nigricornis (Walker) females stole nutritional glandular secretions from males engaged in post-copulatory behavior with their mates. This mating strategy may enhance female reproduction.Mating behavior of Oecanthus spp. begins with elaborate male courtship involving vibratory, acoustic, and olfactory signalling. The female mounts the male, with copulation occurring soon after. During courtship and after copulation the female remains mounted and is provided with male metanotal glandular secretions. These nutritional secretions and the consumed spermatophore increase reproduction (Bell 1979; in press).
THE LARVA OF COENAGRION INTERROGATUM (ODONATA: COENAGRIONIDAE), WITH NOTES ON THE SPECIES IN THE YUKON
Authors: Cannings Sydney G. , Cannings Robert A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA description of the previously unknown larva of Coenagrion interrogatum (Hagen) is presented. In addition, information on larval habitat and the flight period of the adult is documented.
HEMOGRAMS OF SELECTED STAGES OF THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Dunphy Gary B. , Nolan Richard A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFive types of hemocytes (plasmatocytes, granular cells, spherule cells, oenocytoids, and prohemocytes) were identified in the larval, prepupal, and pupal stages of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.). Hemocyte numbers (total hemocyte counts and absolute hemocyte counts) increased during larval development. The absolute counts were greater in female larvae than in the male larvae during the fourth instar but were higher in the males during the fifth and sixth instars. Hemocyte numbers peaked in the prepupal stage in females and in the early pupal stage in males. The plasmatocytes and granular cells were the predominant hemocytes in both sexes. The plasmatocytes decreased and the granular cells increased throughout larval development of both sexes. There were more plasmatocytes in the males than in the females in all stages of development. There were more granular cells in the males than the females until the sixth instar when the reverse occurred.