bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics and antinociceptive effects of oral tramadol hydrochloride administration in Greyhounds
Authors: KuKanich Butch , Papich Mark G. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjective—To determine the pharmacokinetics of tramadol, the active metabolite O-desmethyltrcamadol, and the metabolites N-desmethyltramadol and N,O-didesmethyltramadol after oral tramadol administration and to determine the antinociceptive effects of the drug in Greyhounds.
Animals—6 healthy 2- to 3-year-old Greyhounds (3 male and 3 female), weighing 25.5 to 41.1 kg.
Procedures—A mean dose of 9.9 mg of tramadol HCl/kg was administered PO as whole tablets. Blood samples were obtained prior to and at various points after administration to measure plasma concentrations of tramadol and its metabolites via liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. Antinociceptive effects were determined by measurement of pain-pressure thresholds with a von Frey device.
Results—Tramadol was well tolerated, and a significant increase in pain-pressure thresholds was evident 5 and 6 hours after administration. The mean maximum plasma concentrations of tramadol, O-desmethyltramadol, N-desmethyltramadol, and N,O-didesmethyltramadol were 215.7, 5.7, 379.1, and 2372 ng/mL, respectively. The mean area-under-the-curve values for the compounds were 592, 16, 1,536, and 1,013 h·ng/mL, respectively. The terminal half-lives of the compounds were 1.1, 1.4, 2.3, and 3.6 hours, respectively. Tramadol was detected in urine 5 days, but not 7 days, after administration.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Oral tramadol administration yielded antinociceptive effects in Greyhounds, but plasma concentrations of tramadol and O-desmethyltramadol were lower than expected. Compared with the approved dose (100 mg, PO) in humans, a mean dose of 9.9 mg/kg, PO resulted in similar tramadol but lower O-desmethyltramadol plasma concentrations in Greyhounds.
Efficacy of oral transmucosal and intravenous administration of buprenorphine before surgery for postoperative analgesia in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy
Authors: Ko Jeff C. , Freeman Lynetta J. , Barletta Michele , Weil Ann B. , Payton Mark E. , Johnson Brenda M. , Inoue Tomohito 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Objective—To compare the efficacy of preoperative administration of buprenorphine (via oral transmucosal [OTM] and IV routes) for postoperative analgesia in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy.
Design—Prospective, randomized, blinded study.
Animals—18 dogs undergoing routine ovariohysterectomy.
Procedures—Dogs were allocated to 3 groups (6 dogs/group) and were assigned to receive buprenorphine (20 μg/kg [9.09 μg/lb], IV; a low dose [20 μg/kg] via OTM administration [LOTM]; or a high dose [120 μg/kg [54.54 μg/lb] via OTM administration [HOTM]) immediately before anesthetic induction with propofol and maintenance with isoflurane for ovariohysterectomy. Postoperative pain was assessed by use of a dynamic interactive pain scale. Dogs were provided rescue analgesia when postoperative pain exceeded a predetermined threshold. Blood samples were collected, and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry was used to determine plasma concentrations of buprenorphine and its metabolites. Data were analyzed with an ANOVA.
Results—Body weight, surgical duration, propofol dose, isoflurane concentration, and cardiorespiratory variables did not differ significantly among treatment groups. Number of dogs requiring rescue analgesia did not differ significantly for the HOTM (1/6), IV (3/6), and LOTM (5/6) treatments. Similarly, mean ± SEM duration of analgesia did not differ significantly for the HOTM (20.3 ± 3.7 hours), IV (16.0 ± 3.8 hours), and LOTM (7.3 ± 3.3 hours) treatments. Plasma buprenorphine concentration was ≤ 0.60 ng/mL in 7 of 9 dogs requiring rescue analgesia.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Buprenorphine (HOTM) given immediately before anesthetic induction can be an alternative for postoperative pain management in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy.
Treatment and predictors of outcome in dogs with immune-mediated thrombocytopenia
Authors: O'Marra Shana K. , Delaforcade Armelle M. , Shaw Scott P. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Objective—To characterize the clinical course of disease and identify prognostic indicators for immune-mediated thrombocytopenia in dogs.
Design—Retrospective cohort study.
Animals—73 dogs treated for immune-mediated thrombocytopenia at the Foster Hospital for Small Animals at the Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine and the Tufts Veterinary Emergency Treatment and Specialties Hospital.
Procedures—Medical records from the period of January 2002 through June 2008 were reviewed to identify dogs with a diagnosis of immune-mediated thrombocytopenia. Data collected included signalment, clinical signs, results of initial diagnostic tests, treatment, complications, and survival duration.
Results—Dog ages ranged from 5 months to 15 years (median, 8.1 years). Cocker Spaniels were overrepresented, compared with their distribution in the entire hospital population during the same period. Sixty-one of the 73 (84%) dogs survived to discharge. Seven (11 %) of those dogs were lost to follow-up. Five of the remaining 54 (9%) dogs had a relapse of the disease. The presence of melena or high BUN concentration at admission to the hospital was significantly correlated with a decreased probability of survival.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia is a serious yet treatable disease, which may have a lower rate of recurrence than previously reported. The presence of melena or high BUN concentration in the study suggested a poor prognosis for affected dogs.
Evaluation of population health among bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) at the United States Navy Marine Mammal Program
Authors: Venn-Watson Stephanie K. , Jensen Eric D. , Ridgway Sam H. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate health indicators for a population of bottlenose dolphins in the US Navy Marine Mammal Program (MMP) by use of data acquired from 1988 through 2007.
Design—Retrospective cohort study.
Animals—167 bottlenose dolphins.
Procedures—The following indicators were used to evaluate the health of dolphins during the 20-year period: 5-year age structure, median survival age, annual survival rates, mortality rates, and neonatal and calf survival and mortality rates. Limitations of these population measurements as health indicators for dolphins were assessed.
Results—Crude mortality rates of dolphins for 1988 through 1992, 1993 through 1997, 1998 through 2002, and 2003 through 2007 were 3.1%, 4.7%, 3.6%, and 2.4%, respectively; during these same 4 study periods, median survival ages were 14.3, 14.4, 17.7, and 26.1 years, respectively, and mean survival rates were 0.98, 0.97, 0.97, and 0.99, respectively. From 1988 through 1997, 1998 through 2002, and 2003 through 2007, neonatal mortality rates were 4 of 16, 5 of 20, and 2 of 14 neonates, respectively. During these 3 study periods, mean annual survival rates for calves < 3 years old (excluding neonates that died at < 30 days old) were 0.97, 0.92, and 0.99, respectively.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Although there were limitations to the measurement of some health indicators, use of multiple methods indicated that the health of dolphins in the MMP population was comparable to, if not better than, that published for other dolphin populations. The MMP population of dolphins may provide useful reference values of health indicators for use in assessment of other managed dolphin populations.
Small mammal mycophagy in hemiboreal forest communities of Lithuania
Authors: Kataržytė Marija , Kutorga Ernestas 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
The diets of small mammals in different hemiboreal spruce-dominated, oak-dominated and mixed forests in western part of Lithuania were studied by examination of fungal spores in fresh fecal pellets of caught animals. In the diets of mice (Apodemus spp.), bank voles (Myodes glareolus), and common and pygmy shrews (Sorex araneus and S. minutus), 22 different fungal taxa were identified, 15 of which were hypogeous fungi. The sporocarp abundance and the spores in fecal samples of Elaphomyces fungi prevailed in study area during this investigation. Although most of the captured individuals consumed fungi, the consumption varied among small mammal species. The data show that the fungi were more frequent and taxonomically diverse in Myodes glareolus than in Apodemus spp. diets. The study provided evidence that the fungal component in the diets of insectivorous Sorex species is more diverse than previously known. The availability of sporocarps and the fungal component in the diets of small mammals showed seasonal effects. Annual hypogeous and epigeous sporocarp abundances did not vary significantly across forest types. The significant difference in mycophagy was observed across all forest cover types, with the greatest fungal diversity in fecal samples collected in mixed coniferous-deciduous tree stands.
Strength and permeability properties of concrete containing rice husk ash with different grinding time
Authors: Jaya Ramadhansyah , Bakar Badorul , Johari Megat , Ibrahim Mohd 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe compressive concrete strength and the gas permeability properties over varying fineness of the rice husk ash were experimentally investigated. The relationships among them were analyzed. In this study eight samples made from the rice husk ashes with a different grain size were used, i.e. coarse original rice husk ash 17.96 μm (RHA0), 10.93 μm (RHA1) 9.74 μm (RHA2), 9.52 μm (RHA3), 9.34 μm (RHA4), 8.70 μm (RHA5), 6.85 μm (RHA6) and 6.65 μm (RHA7). The ordinary Portland cement was partially replaced with the rice husk ash (15 wt%). The test results showed that the RHA3 produced the concrete with good strength and low porosity. Additionally the strength of the concrete was improved due to the partial replacement of RHA3 material in comparison with normal coarse rice husk ash RHA0. On the other hand the influence of OPC and RHA materials on the concrete permeability was affected by the grinding time and age (i.e., curing time). The permeability coefficient decreased with the increasing of curing time. The relationships between compressive strength and permeability coefficient are greatly affected by curing times and are sensitive to the grinding cementitious systems.
Québécois et Canadiens face au passé : similitudes et dissemblances
Authors: Létourneau Jocelyn , Northrup David 
Published: February 2011

Abstract: Based upon a large survey about the historical consciousness of Canadians, this paper explores the similarities and differences in the way Québécois and other Canadians engage the past in their everyday life. The difference between these two groups is not the one that might be expected. We find that Québécois, mostly francophone Québécois, are more likely than other Canadians to report indifference about the past. Why is this so?
The Alberta Health Technology Assessment (HTA) Ambassador Program: The Development of a Contextually Relevant, Multidisciplinary Clinical Practice Guideline for Non-specific Low Back Pain: A Review
Authors: Cutforth Greg , Peter Aaron , Taenzer Paul 
Published: February 2011

Purpose: To describe the development of a contextually relevant multidisciplinary clinical practice guideline (CPG) for non-specific low back pain (LBP) and to discuss its value to the management of LBP and the practice of physiotherapy. Method: To mitigate an identified knowledge gap for Alberta primary-care practitioners in the management of non-specific LBP, a collaborative process was developed to engage multidisciplinary health care providers in designing a primary-care CPG for non-specific LBP. A comprehensive review of published LBP guidelines identified the seven highest-quality CPGs; these were used to inform a multidisciplinary guideline development group (GDG) as they developed the CPG. Results: The GDG constructed a CPG for non-specific LBP along with point-of-care decision-support and patient-education tools. Conclusions: The Ambassador Program on Low Back Pain worked with front-line clinicians from across Alberta to review the best available evidence in developing a CPG responsive to the Alberta context. This CPG is intervention specific and provides a wide range of primary-care practitioners with the best available evidence to inform their clinical decisions in managing non-specific LBP.
Extratemporal, nonlesional epilepsy in children: postsurgical clinical and neurocognitive outcomes
Authors: Dorward Ian G. , Titus Jeffrey B. , Limbrick David D. , Johnston James M. , Bertrand Mary E. , Smyth Matthew D. 
Published: February 2011

Object
Patients undergoing epilepsy surgery without evidence of a lesion on MR imaging and without a temporal source for seizure onset generally have less favorable outcomes than patients with structural lesions or temporal onset. However, many of these patients are viable candidates for invasive monitoring and subsequent resection or multiple subpial transections (MSTs). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surgical treatment of pediatric patients with extratemporal, nonlesional epilepsy in order to better understand the clinical and neuropsychological outcomes expected in this patient group.

Methods
Forty-three pediatric patients with negative results on MR imaging and lateralized, extratemporal findings on electroencephalography underwent invasive monitoring with grid and/or strip electrodes. Thirty-three subsequently had resection of an epileptogenic focus and/or MSTs.

Results
Outcome was classified as Engel class I or II in 54.5% of the patients who underwent resection/MSTs and Engel class III or IV in 45.5%. Use of MSTs was associated with poor outcome. Neuropsychological evaluation showed significant improvement in immediate auditory attention following surgery and revealed several significant results on subgroup analysis. Complications occurred in 14% of patients (a 7% rate per procedure). Ten patients (23%) underwent invasive monitoring without proceeding to therapeutic surgery because no epileptogenic region was amenable to resection. Neuropsychological outcomes were generally stable.

Conclusions
Patients with extratemporal, nonlesional seizures are viable candidates for invasive monitoring with grid/strip electrodes, and good outcomes can be obtained with resective surgery. The use of MSTs may correlate with worse outcome. This study also provides additional data to assist in counseling patients on the risks of negative invasive monitoring, deficits resulting from resection/MSTs, and possible operative complications.
Variability among pediatric neurosurgeons in the threshold for ventricular shunting in asymptomatic children with hydrocephalus
Authors: Dias Mark S. , Shaffer Michele L. , Iantosca Mark R. , Hill Kenneth L. 
Published: February 2011

Object
The thresholds for shunting CSF in children with asymptomatic hydrocephalus are unclear; there are neither guidelines nor sufficient research to determine what degree of hydrocephalus should be treated. The authors hypothesize that 1) pediatric neurosurgeons currently have high thresholds for recommending treatment for these children, but 2) there is significant variability among these treatment thresholds.

Methods
The authors surveyed attendees of the Joint Pediatric Neurosurgery Section meeting in Spokane, Washington, in December 2008, regarding their treatment thresholds for 22 clinical scenarios. Each participant was provided an illustration of 5 imaging studies (3 slices each) showing progressively larger ventricles. For each scenario, respondents were asked to indicate the minimum ventricular size they would treat, if any. Responses were quantified from 1 to 6 from smaller to larger, with 6 being no treatment, and a mean theoretical treated ventricular size (MTTVS) was calculated for each scenario.

Results
Respondents were relatively conservative in recommending treatment, with MTTVSs of 3.7–6.0; in 13 scenarios, the MTTVS was greater than 5.0 (larger than the largest presented ventricular size). For scenarios in which a mean frontooccipital ratio could be calculated, the value ranged from 0.55 to 0.67 (moderate to severe hydrocephalus). Although there were clear majority responses for each scenario, there was also significant variability. There were no patterns of association with the respondent's age, training, board certification, or type or location of practice.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that pediatric neurosurgeons' thresholds for treating asymptomatic children with hydrocephalus are generally high, but there is also significant variability.
Endoscopy-assisted removal of periorbital inclusion cysts in children
Authors: Chater-Cure George , Hoffman Caitlin , Knopman Jared , Rhee Samuel , Souweidane Mark M. 
Published: February 2011

Object
Surgical treatment for periorbital inclusion cysts typically involves a brow, pterional, or partial bicoronal scalp incision for sufficient exposure. The authors have recently employed an endoscopy-assisted technique as an alternative approach intended to minimize the length of the skin incision and avoid scarring in the brow.

Methods
Children having typical clinical findings of a dermoid cyst located on the hairless forehead were selected to undergo endoscopy-assisted cyst removal. For suspected intradiploic lesions, MR imaging was used to assess osseous involvement. After induction of general anesthesia, a 1–2-cm curvilinear incision was made posterior to the hairline. A 30°-angled endoscope (4 mm) was then used for dissection in the subgaleal compartment. Subgaleal dissection was followed by a circumferential periosteal incision in which the authors used an angled needle-tip unipolar cautery. For lesions within the diploe, a high-speed air drill was used to expose the lesion. Complete removal was accomplished with curettage of either the skull or dural surface.

Results
Eight patients (5–33 months of age) underwent outpatient endoscopic resection. Seven cysts were extracranial, and 1 cyst extended through the inner table. In all patients complete excision of the cyst was achieved. There was negligible blood loss, no dural violation, and no postoperative infection. There have been no recurrences at a mean follow-up of 15 months.

Conclusions
Endoscopy-assisted resection of inclusion cysts of the scalp and calvaria is a safe and effective surgical approach. The technique results in negligible incisions with less apparent scarring compared with previously described incisions. This limited-access technique does not appear to be associated with a higher incidence of cyst recurrence.
Une Description de Constantinople dans le Tarragonensis 55
Authors: Ciggaar Krijnie N. 
Published: February 2011

REB 53 1995 France p. 117-140
Krijnie N. Ciggaar, Une Description de Constantinople dans le Tarragonensis 55. — Dans un manuscrit de la fin du 12e siècle, originaire du monastère de Santés Creus en Espagne et maintenant dans la Biblioteca Pública de Tarragone, se trouve une Description de Constantinople en latin. L'analyse du texte suggère que l'auteur anonyme, venu pour apprendre le grec dans l'école de Sainte-Sophie, était à Constantinople à la fin du 11e siècle, avant la première croisade. Il s'intéresse surtout à la richesse de la ville et au rôle de la Vierge dans la vie religieuse de la capitale byzantine. Il décrit des processions, des icônes et quelques reliques, et il insère dans son texte quelques miracles opérés par la Vierge. C'est la première description détaillée de la main d'un Occidental qui est publiée ici.
Les Vies d'Auxence et le monachisme «Auxentien»
Authors: Auzépy Marie-France 
Published: February 2011

REB 53 1995 France p. 205-235
Marie-France Auzépy, Les Vies d'Auxence et le monachisme « Auxentien». — Sur les six Vies d'Auxence, cinq dépendent de BHG 199, intégrée au corpus métaphrastique, mais écrite à la fin du 5e siècle par ou pour le monastère tou Hypatiou de Rufînianes. L'une d'entre elles, BHG 202, inédite, a été écrite, probablement au 11'' siècle, par une moniale du monastère de femmes des Trichinaréai, fondé par Auxence sur le mont qui porte son nom. Auxence peut être identifié avec l'Auxence dont parle Sozomène, de tradition macédonienne et ami des spoudaioi. Le monachisme qu'il a mis en place sur le mont Skopa (= Auxence) après le concile de Chalcédoine porte la marque de son origine.
Le plus ancien manuscrit grec de l'Institut Français d'Études Byzantines (IFEB 45)
Authors: Géhin Paul 
Published: February 2011

REB 53 1995 France p. 289-293
P. Géhin, Le plus ancien manuscrit grec de l'Institut Français d'Études Byzantines (IFEB 45). — L'IFEB possède un fonds de 58 manuscrits grecs, dont le plus ancien, l'IFEB 45, datant de la fin du 13e ou du début du 14e siècle, est décrit et analysé ici. Il se compose de deux parties : dans la première sont copiées une série de pièces de Jean Climaque, accompagnées d'une collection de 124 scholies ; les textes de la seconde partie sont tous mis sous le nom de Nil, mais appartiennent pour la plupart à Évagre le Pontique.
Sources des commentaires de Stéphanos d'Athènes et de Théophile le Prôtospathaire aux Aphorismes d'Hippocrate
Authors: Wolska-Conus Wanda 
Published: February 2011

REB 54 1996 France p. 5-66.
Wanda Wolska-Conus, Sources des commentaires de Stéphanos d'Athènes et de Théophile le Prôtospathaire aux Aphorismes d'Hippocrate. — Through the commentaries by Stephanos of Athens (5th-6th century) and Theophilos the Protospatharios (9th century), the author of this article attempts to recover fragments of the now lost commentary on Hippocrates' Aphorisms, composed by one Asklepios. In all probability the latter can be identified first with Asklepios, didaskalos of medical art in the circle of Ammonios, head of the Alexandrine school († between 517 and 526), then with Anquilaus, documented by Arab sources as the leader of authors who abridged Galen's sixteen books under the title Summaria Alexandrinorum.
Imperial commemoration and ritual in the typikon of the monastery of Christ Pantokrator
Authors: Congdon Eleanor A. 
Published: February 2011

REB 54 1996 France p. 135-159.
Eleanor A. Congdon, Imperial Commemoration and Ritual in the Monastery of Christ Pantokrator. — Le rituel de commémoration forme le thème principal du typikon établi par Jean II Comnène pour le monastère du Christ Pantokrator. L'objet de toutes les prescriptions est Jean II lui-même ; il recherche son salut par la voie d'intercessions répétées. La disposition des lampes dans les trois églises et les déplacements qui leur sont associés constituent un exemple remarquable de la façon dont ce thème a dicté le choix et la présentation du matériau inclus dans ce document.
Byzantine Medicine and medical Practitioners in the West : the Case of Michael Dishypatos
Authors: Harris Jonathan 
Published: February 2011

REB 54 1996 France p. 201-220.
J. Harris, Byzantine Medicine and medical Practitioners in the West : the Case of Michael Dishypatos. — On suppose habituellement qu'après 1204 Byzance a perdu son ancienne prééminence dans le domaine médical. La preuve que de nombreux médecins grecs exerçaient en Occident va à rencontre de ce point de vue. Beaucoup de documents contemporains parlent en termes favorables de ces médecins émigrés qui ont souvent obtenu la protection de patrons riches et influents. Cet article s'intéresse spécialement à l'un d'eux, Michel Dishypatos, qui fut jugé pour sorcellerie en 1417. Quoique les actes du procès attribuent à Dishypatos des pratiques difficilement compatibles avec une saine activité de médecin, on défend l'hypothèse que sa condamnation résulta davantage d'une intrigue politique que d'un désaveu de sa conduite professionnelle. Au contraire sa présence dans le duché de Savoie au service du Duc et d'un riche bourgeois, Jean Lageret, constitue une preuve supplémentaire que la médecine byzantine inspirait encore un grand respect en Occident quelques années avant la chute de Constantinople.