bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heat‐driven spin currents on large scales
Authors: Brechet Sylvain D. , Ansermet Jean‐Philippe 
Published: June 2011

AbstractUsing a three‐current model (i.e. heat, spin‐up and spin‐down electrons) the thermodynamics of irreversible processes predicts that a temperature gradient gives rise to a spin current on large scales, in particular under the conditions used to measure the spin Seebeck effect. Diffusive currents on large scales are common in thermochemistry. The proportionality between the diffusion current and the gradient of the chemical potential is known as the Soret effect or thermophoresis. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Investigations of a complex, realistic task: Intentional, unsystematic, and exhaustive experimenters
Authors: McElhaney Kevin W. , Linn Marcia C. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis study examines how students' experimentation with a virtual environment contributes to their understanding of a complex, realistic inquiry problem. We designed a week‐long, technology‐enhanced inquiry unit on car collisions. The unit uses new technologies to log students' experimentation choices. Physics students (n = 148) in six diverse high schools studied the unit and responded to pretests, posttests, and embedded assessments. We scored students' experimentation using four methods: total number of trials, variability of variable choices, propensity to vary one variable at a time, and coherence between investigation goals and experimentation methods. Students made moderate, significant overall pretest to posttest gains on physics understanding. Coherence was a strong predictor of learning, controlling for pretest scores and the other experimentation measures. We identify three categories of experimenters (intentional, unsystematic, and exhaustive) and illustrate these categories with examples. The findings suggest that students must combine disciplinary knowledge of the investigation with intentional investigation of the inquiry questions in order to understand the nature of the variables. Mechanically executing well‐established experimentation procedures (such as varying one variable at a time or comprehensively exploring the experimentation space) is less likely to lead students to valuable insights about complex tasks. Our proposed categories extend and refine previous efforts to categorize experimenters by linking scientific procedures with understanding of the science discipline. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 48: 745–770, 2011
Autochthonous fermentation starters for the industrial production of Negroamaro wines
Authors: Tristezza Mariana , Vetrano Cosimo , Bleve Gianluca , Grieco Francesco , Tufariello Maria , Quarta Angela , Mita Giovanni , Spano Giuseppe , Grieco Francesco 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to establish a new procedure for the oenological selection of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains isolated from natural must fermentations of an important Italian grape cultivar, denoted as “Negroamaro”. For this purpose, 108 S. cerevisiae strains were selected as they did not produce H2S and then assayed by microfermentation tests. The adopted procedure made it possible to identify 10 strains that were low producers of acetic acid and hydrogen sulphide and showed that they completed sugar consumption during fermentation. These strains were characterized for their specific oenological and technological properties and, two of them, strains 6993 and 6920, are good candidates as industrial starter cultures. A novel protocol was set up for their biomass production and they were employed for industrial-scale fermentation in two industrial cellars. The two strains successfully dominated the fermentation process and contributed to increasing the wines’ organoleptic quality. The proposed procedure could be very effective for selecting “company-specific” yeast strains, ideal for the production of typical regional wines. “Winery” starter cultures could be produced on request in a small plant just before or during the vintage season and distributed as a fresh liquid concentrate culture.
Enhanced production of alkaline thermostable keratinolytic protease from calcium alginate immobilized cells of thermoalkalophilic Bacillus halodurans JB 99 exhibiting dehairing activity
Authors: Shrinivas Dengeti , Kumar Raghwendra , Naik G R 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
The thermoalkalophilic Bacillus halodurans JB 99 cells known for production of novel thermostable alkaline keratinolytic protease were immobilized in calcium alginate matrix. Batch and repeated batch cultivation using calcium alginate immobilized cells were studied for alkaline protease production in submerged fermentation. Immobilized cells with 2.5% alginate and 350 beads/flask of initial cell loading showed enhanced production of alkaline protease by 23.2% (5,275 ± 39.4 U/ml) as compared to free cells (4,280 ± 35.4 U/ml) after 24 h. In the semicontinuous mode of cultivation, immobilized cells under optimized conditions produced an appreciable level of alkaline protease in up to nine cycles and reached a maximal value of 5,975 U/ml after the seventh cycle. The enzyme produced from immobilized cells efficiently degraded chicken feathers in the presence of a reducing agent which can help the poultry industry in the management of keratin-rich waste and obtaining value-added products.
A Novel Model for Evaluating Nerve Regeneration in the Composite Tissue Transplant: The Murine Heterotopic Limb Transplant
Authors: Yan Ying , Johnson Philip J. , Glaus Simone W. , Hunter Daniel A. , Mackinnon Susan E. , Tung Thomas H. 
Published: June 2011

Purpose For individuals who have experienced debilitating upper extremity injury or amputation, hand transplantation holds the potential for drastic quality of life improvement. This potential depends on adequate nerve regeneration into the transplant and reanimation of graft musculature. In this study, we demonstrate the use of a murine heterotopic limb transplant model for evaluation of nerve regeneration in a composite tissue allograft (CTA). We also compare the effects of various immunosuppressive regimens on nerve regeneration in this model. Methods The study consisted of five groups of mice, all of which underwent heterotopic limb transplant with coaptation of the recipient and donor sciatic nerves. The groups received the following immunosuppressive regimens: group A (positive control)—syngeneic transplant, no immunosuppression; group B (negative control)—allogeneic transplant, no immunosuppression; group C—allogeneic transplant, FK-506+MR1; group D—allogeneic transplant, MR1+ CTLA4-Ig; group E—syngeneic transplant, FK-506 treatment with preloading. Results Group B animals showed signs of transplant rejection as early as 5 days postoperatively. Except for one mouse from group C and one mouse from group D, all other animals had viable transplants and nerve regeneration present in the donor sciatic nerve at the 3-week endpoint of the study. Conclusions To our knowledge, this represents the first report of the use of a mouse CTA model for evaluation of nerve regeneration. The mouse heterotopic limb transplant model will be a valuable tool for CTA research since it can be performed with more ease, and with less host morbidity and mortality than the mouse orthotopic model.
Hypoxic respiratory failure due to phrenic nerve palsy from an interscalene brachial plexus block and previously asymptomatic pulmonary embolism
Authors: Minett Danielle M. , Nace Jason E. , Nomura Jason T. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Interscalene brachial plexus block is a common regional anesthesia method for upper extremity surgery. A rare complication of this procedure is dyspnea secondary to phrenic nerve palsy and hemidiaphragm paralysis. In our case, this rare complication diagnosed using ultrasound led to the diagnosis of a previously asymptomatic pulmonary embolism. The use of ultrasonography was key in the diagnosis of the iatrogenic nerve palsy and was part of a multiple-modality diagnostic workup for her hypoxemia.
Men’s Migration and Women’s Fertility in Rural Mozambique
Authors: Agadjanian Victor , Yabiku Scott T. , Cau Boaventura 
Published: June 2011

AbstractLabor migration profoundly affects households throughout rural Africa. This study looks at how men’s labor migration influences marital fertility in a context where such migration has been massive while its economic returns are increasingly uncertain. Using data from a survey of married women in southern Mozambique, we start with an event-history analysis of birth rates among women married to migrants and those married to nonmigrants. The model detects a lower birth rate among migrants’ wives, which tends to be partially compensated for by an increased birth rate upon cessation of migration. An analysis of women’s lifetime fertility shows that it decreases as the time spent in migration by their husbands accrues. When we compare reproductive intentions stated by respondents with migrant and nonmigrant husbands, we find that migrants’ wives are more likely to want another child regardless of the number of living children, but the difference is significant only for women who see migration as economically benefiting their households. Yet, such women are also significantly more likely to use modern contraception than other women. We interpret these results in light of the debate on enhancing versus disrupting effects of labor migration on families and households in contemporary developing settings.
Using electronic medical records to enable large-scale studies in psychiatry: treatment resistant depression as a model
Authors: Perlis R. H. , Iosifescu D. V. , Castro V. M. , Murphy S. N. , Gainer V. S. , Minnier J. , Cai T. , Goryachev S. , Zeng Q. , Gallagher P. J. , Fava M. , Weilburg J. B. , Churchill S. E. , Kohane I. S. , Smoller J. W. 
Published: June 2011

BackgroundElectronic medical records (EMR) provide a unique opportunity for efficient, large-scale clinical investigation in psychiatry. However, such studies will require development of tools to define treatment outcome.MethodNatural language processing (NLP) was applied to classify notes from 127 504 patients with a billing diagnosis of major depressive disorder, drawn from out-patient psychiatry practices affiliated with multiple, large New England hospitals. Classifications were compared with results using billing data (ICD-9 codes) alone and to a clinical gold standard based on chart review by a panel of senior clinicians. These cross-sectional classifications were then used to define longitudinal treatment outcomes, which were compared with a clinician-rated gold standard.ResultsModels incorporating NLP were superior to those relying on billing data alone for classifying current mood state (area under receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.85–0.88 v. 0.54–0.55). When these cross-sectional visits were integrated to define longitudinal outcomes and incorporate treatment data, 15% of the cohort remitted with a single antidepressant treatment, while 13% were identified as failing to remit despite at least two antidepressant trials. Non-remitting patients were more likely to be non-Caucasian (p<0.001).ConclusionsThe application of bioinformatics tools such as NLP should enable accurate and efficient determination of longitudinal outcomes, enabling existing EMR data to be applied to clinical research, including biomarker investigations. Continued development will be required to better address moderators of outcome such as adherence and co-morbidity.
To feel safe in everyday life at home – a study of older adults after home modifications
Authors: PETERSSON INGELA , LILJA MARGARETA , BORELL LENA 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to explore aspects contributing to experiences of safety in everyday life for older adults who have received modification services. Qualitative interviews were conducted with eight people. Data were analysed using a comparative approach. Three main categories emanated in the analysis: prerequisites that enable a feeling of safety, strategies that enable safety in everyday life, and use of and reliance on technology impacts on safety. The findings revealed that to feel safe in everyday life was based on three prerequisites: feeling healthy, having someone to rely on and feeling at home. The fulfilment of these prerequisites further impacted on the participants' strategies for handling problems in everyday life but also on the ability to use and benefit from technology such as home modifications. In conclusion, the findings indicated that interventions provided to increase safety for older adults should primarily be focused on the presence and fulfilment of prerequisites and later on other interventions such as technology. Technology such as home modifications and assistive devices was not found in this study to facilitate the feeling of safety unless supported by the fulfilled prerequisites. Implications of these findings for clinical practice are discussed.
Generalized Schwarzian derivatives and higher order differential equations
Authors: CHUAQUI MARTIN , GRÖHN JANNE , RÄTTYÄ JOUNI 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIt is shown that the well-known connection between the second order linear differential equation h″ + B(z)h = 0, with a solution base {h1, h2}, and the Schwarzian derivative

of f = h1/h2, can be extended to the equation h(k) + B(z) h = 0 where k ≥ 2. This generalization depends upon an appropriate definition of the generalized Schwarzian derivative Sk(f) of a function f which is induced by k−1 ratios of linearly independent solutions of h(k) + B(z) h = 0. The class k(Ω) of meromorphic functions f such that Sk(f) is analytic in a given domain Ω is also completely described. It is shown that if Ω is the unit disc or the complex plane , then the order of growth of f ∈ k(Ω) is precisely determined by the growth of Sk(f), and vice versa. Also the oscillation of solutions of h(k) + B(z) h = 0, with the analytic coefficient B in or , in terms of the exponent of convergence of solutions is briefly discussed.
Self-Motivated versus Forced Disclosure of Environmental Information in China: A Comparative Case Study of the Pilot Disclosure Programmes
Authors: Li Wanxin 
Published: June 2011

AbstractChina promulgated the Open Government Information Decree and Measures of Environmental Information Disclosure (Trial) in 2007, but the Pollution Information Transparency Index revealed the poor implementation of disclosing environmental information in 113 cities in 2008. Adopting a comparative case study approach, this article uses a combination of the “cultural roots” and “webs of dialogue” analytical frameworks to analyse the pilot environmental information disclosure programmes in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu province, and Hohhot, Inner Mongolia from 1999 to 2000. It finds that when the programme was top-down, the commitment, perception and resources of leadership determined its success and nondisclosure did not receive any public attention. However, when environmental NGOs are actively engaged, pressure can be from the bottom up, webs of dialogue can be established, and the public can be empowered to seek and use environmental information actively in development decision-making and redressing pollution harms.
Factors Important to Success in the Volunteer Long-Term Care Ombudsman Role
Authors: Nelson H. Wayne , Hooker Karen , DeHart Kimberly N. , Edwards John A. , Lanning Kevin 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
This study found that the satisfaction of one state's largely older volunteers' altruistic, affiliation, and self-improvement motives corresponded to increased organizational loyalty and better performance across several dimensions. Younger volunteers served for shorter periods and were more highly motivated by the “self-improvement” need. Altruism and organizational loyalty emerged as particularly important motivations.
Turnover Begets Turnover
Authors: Castle Nicholas G. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractPurpose: This study examined the association between turnover of caregivers and turnover of nursing home top management. The top managers examined were administrators and directors of nursing, and the caregivers examined were registered nurses, licensed practical nurses, and nurse aides. Design and Methods: The data came from a survey of 419 nursing facilities and the Online Survey, Certification, and Reporting system. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association between turnover of nursing home top management and turnover of caregivers. Results: A 10% increase in top management turnover is associated (p &lt;.05) with a 21% increase in the odds that a facility will have a high turnover rate of nurse aides and is associated (p &lt;.05) with an 8% decrease in the odds that a facility will have a low turnover rate of nurse aides. A 10% increase in top management turnover is associated (p &lt;.1) with a 30% increase in the odds that a facility will have a high turnover rate for registered and licensed practical nurses. Implications: This study provides preliminary evidence that the turnover of top managers may have an important influence on caregiver turnover in nursing homes.
The relationship between serious injury and blood alcohol concentration (BAC) in fatal motor vehicle accidents: BAC = 0.01% is associated with significantly more dangerous accidents than BAC = 0.00%
Authors: Phillips David P. , Brewer Kimberly M. 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTAim  To analyze the severity of automotive injuries associated with blood alcohol concentration (BAC) in increments of 0.01%.Design/setting  Epidemiological study using the Fatality Analysis Reporting System.Participants  All people in US fatal automotive accidents, 1994–2008 (n = 1 495 667).Measurements  The ratio of serious: non‐serious injuries for drivers, by BAC.Findings  Accident severity increases significantly even when the driver is merely ‘buzzed’, a finding that persists after standardization for various confounding factors. Three mechanisms mediate between buzzed driving and high accident severity: compared to sober drivers, buzzed drivers are significantly more likely to speed, to be improperly seatbelted and to drive the striking vehicle. In addition, there is a strong ‘dose–response’ relationship for all three factors in relation to accident severity (e.g. the greater the BAC, the greater the average speed of the driver and the greater the severity of the accident).Conclusions  The severity of life‐threatening motor vehicle accidents increases significantly at blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) far lower than the current US limit of 0.08%. Lowering the legal limit could save lives, prevent serious injuries and reduce financial and social costs associated with motor vehicle accidents.
Differential sensitivity of coral larvae to natural levels of ultraviolet radiation during the onset of larval competence
Authors: ARANDA MANUEL , BANASZAK ANASTAZIA T. , BAYER TILL , LUYTEN JAMES R. , MEDINA MÓNICA , VOOLSTRA CHRISTIAN R. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractScleractinian corals are the major builders of the complex structural framework of coral reefs. They live in tropical waters around the globe where they are frequently exposed to potentially harmful ultraviolet radiation (UVR). The eggs and early embryonic stages of some coral species are highly buoyant and remain near the sea surface for prolonged periods of time and may therefore be the most sensitive life stages with respect to UVR. Here, we analysed gene expression changes in five developmental stages of the Caribbean coral Montastraea faveolata to natural levels of UVR using high‐density cDNA microarrays (10 930 clones). We found that larvae exhibit low sensitivity to natural levels of UVR during early development as reflected by comparatively few transcriptomic changes in response to UVR. However, we identified a time window of high UVR sensitivity that coincides with the motile planula stage and the onset of larval competence. These processes have been shown to be affected by UVR exposure, and the transcriptional changes we identified explain these observations well. Our analysis of differentially expressed genes indicates that UVR alters the expression of genes associated with stress response, the endoplasmic reticulum, Ca2+ homoeostasis, development and apoptosis during the motile planula stage and affects the expression of neurogenesis‐related genes that are linked to swimming and settlement behaviour at later stages. Taken together, our study provides further data on the impact of natural levels of UVR on coral larvae. Furthermore, our results might allow a better prediction of settlement and recruitment rates after coral spawning events if UVR climate data are taken into account.
Curcumin prevents corticosterone‐induced neurotoxicity and abnormalities of neuroplasticity via 5‐HT receptor pathway
Authors: Xu Ying , Li Shan , Vernon Matthew M. , Pan Jianchun , Chen Ling , Barish Philip A. , Zhang Yuan , Acharya Abhinav P. , Yu Jie , Govindarajan Subramaniam S. , Boykin Erin , Pan Xiaoyu , O’Donnell James M. , Ogle William O. 
Published: June 2011

J. Neurochem. (2011) 118, 784–795.AbstractCurcumin, a major active component of Curcuma longa, possesses antioxidant and neuroprotective activities. The present study explores the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effect of curcumin against corticosterone and its relation to 5‐hydroxy tryptamine (5‐HT) receptors. Exposure of cortical neurons to corticosterone results in decreased mRNA levels for three 5‐HT receptor subtypes, 5‐HT1A, 5‐HT2A and 5‐HT4, but 5‐HT1B, 5‐HT2B, 5‐HT2C, 5‐HT6 and 5‐HT7 receptors remain unchanged. Pre‐treatment with curcumin reversed this effect on mRNA for the 5‐HT1A and 5‐HT4 receptors, but not for the 5‐HT2A receptor. Moreover, curcumin exerted a neuroprotective effect against corticosterone‐induced neuronal death. This observed effect of curcumin was partially blocked by either 5‐HT1A receptor antagonist p‐MPPI or 5‐HT4 receptor antagonist RS 39604 alone; whereas, the simultaneous application of both antagonists completely reversed the effect. Curcumin was also found to regulate corticosterone‐induced morphological changes such as increases in soma size, dendritic branching and dendritic spine density, as well as elevate synaptophysin expression in cortical neurons. p‐MPPI and RS 39604 reversed the effect of curcumin‐induced change in neuronal morphology and synaptophysin expression of corticosterone‐treated neurons. In addition, an increase in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) level was observed after curcumin treatment, which was further prevented by RS 39604, but not by p‐MPPI. However, curcumin‐induced elevation in protein kinase A activity and phosphorylation of cAMP response element‐binding protein levels were inhibited by both p‐MPPI and RS 39604. These findings suggest that the neuroprotection and modulation of neuroplasticity exhibited by curcumin might be mediated, at least in part, via the 5‐HT receptor‐cAMP‐PKA‐CREB signal pathway.