bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cretaceous boundary
Authors: Reichhardt Tony 
Published: October 2011

Four years after it was first proposed, the theory that a colossal meteorite struck the earth 65 million years ago continues to build toward a consensus—this despite recent findings that volcanic eruptions might also have caused the “iridium anomaly” that is the impact theory's best evidence (Eos, February 7, 1984, p. 41).High concentrations of iridium at the Cretaceous‐tertiary boundary were first noticed in sediments from Italy, Denmark, Spain, and other locations around the world by Walter Alvarez, his father Luis, and their Berkeley colleagues. They concluded that the source of the extra iridium must have been extra‐terrestrial because the element shows up in crustal rocks only in very small amounts and no one could think of a mechanism that would distribute iridium from the mantle so widely around the surface of the globe. The Alvarez group postulated that a meteorite about 10‐km wide had collided with the earth, throwing up a planet‐encircling cloud that blocked out sunlight, ended photosynthesis, and snuffed out many of the land and sea creatures of the Mesozoic, including the dinosaurs.
AGU membership applications
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Applications for membership have been received from the following individuals. The letter after the name denotes the proposed primary section affiliation.Raffi Aroian (P), David Baker (P), D. Craig Barilotti (O), Stephen J. Barnes (V), Thomas O. Barnwell (H), Robert P. Bessette (G), Brian Bicknell (H), William Blumberg (A), Michele A. Boccadoro (G), Richard Boylan (T), Robert C. Bucknam (T), Roman J. Budzianowski (H), Bruce M. Crowe (V), Charles G. Cunningham (V).
Changes in Earth programs at NSF
Authors: Richman Barbara T. 
Published: October 2011

Three programs within the Earth Sciences Division of the National Science Foundation (NSF) have changed names to more accurately reflect the programs supported by them, according to James F. Hays, division director. In addition, the division has two new programs: continental lithosphere and instrumentation and facilities.The seismology and deep earth structure program is now the seismology program; the environmental geosciences program will now be called the surficial processes program. The scope of these two programs has not been changed.
Young faculty awards
Authors: Richman Barbara T. 
Published: October 2011

Of the 200 science and engineering faculty members who have been selected to receive the first Presidential Young Investigator Awards, roughly one dozen are researchers in geophysics or geophysics‐related fields. The awards, which are for up to $100,000 per year for 5 years (a combination of federal and matching private funds) for each recipient, are intended to help universities attract and retain outstanding young Ph.D.'s who might otherwise pursue careers outside academia.More than half of the 200 awards for fiscal 1985 went to engineers. The selection of the 200 was made from 1549 nominations from 232 Ph.D.‐granting institutions. The new investigators will conduct research at 74 universities in 35 states. The program is administered by the National Science Foundation (NSF).
Fall Meeting site
Authors: Baker D. N. 
Published: October 2011

The world is clearly a very troubled place. Many problems contributing to this trouble, such as climatic changes, effects of global war, geophysical disasters, etc., are the concern and come under the purview of members of AGU. Within this context, it was clear at the last AGU Fall Meeting that the matter uppermost in most members minds was the large number of parallel sessions.In light of the overwhelming importance ascribed to this issue, I have devoted considerable thought as to how to solve this overcrowding. Putting aside for the moment the issue of whether or not the recent Cathedral Hill Hotel fire was a sign from on high in this matter, I wish to pursue what we, as a Union, can do to solve the problem. Remarkably enough, the Meetings Committee had already apparently perceived the nature of the solution (although dimly) and had stumbled upon a form of my result in a different context. It is perhaps worthwhile for me to review this previous situation prior to presenting my ideas for the West Coast meeting.
Ozone depletion estimates lowered
Authors: Richman Barbara T. 
Published: October 2011

Human activities deplete stratospheric ozone to a lesser degree than had previously been reported, according to a National Research Council (NRC) committee. The committee updated earlier NRC studies by reviewing recent research on the whether increased chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) and various trace gases would figuratively chip away at the envelope of stratospheric ozone that shields the earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation. The new estimates stem from improved mathematical models and from better measurements fed into the models.Two different types of models were incorporated into the update. One considered only CFC, the other accounted for changes in a variety of trace gases. Both types suggest less change in total stratospheric ozone than had been previously estimated.
Ocean bottom seismometer technology
Authors: Prothero William A. 
Published: October 2011

Seismometers have been placed on the ocean bottom for about 45 years, beginning with the work of Ewing and Vine [1938], and their current use to measure signals from earthquakes and explosions constitutes an important research method for seismological studies. Approximately 20 research groups are active in the United Kingdom, France, West Germany, Japan, Canada, and the United States. A review of ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) instrument characteristics and OBS scientific studies may be found in Whitmarsh and Lilwall [1984]. OBS instrumentation is also important for land seismology. The recording systems that have been developed have been generally more sophisticated than those available for land use, and several modern land seismic recording systems are based on OBS recording system designs.The instrumentation developed for OBS work was the topic of a meeting held at the University of California, Santa Barbara, in July 1982. This article will discuss the state of the art of OBS Technology, some of the problems remaining to be solved, and some of the solutions proposed and implemented by OBS scientists and engineers. It is not intended as a comprehensive review of existing instrumentation.
Comet rendezvous mission
Authors: Reichhardt Tony 
Published: October 2011

A National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) advisory team has selected a bright, short‐period comet named Kopff as the target for a comet rendezvous/asteroid flyby mission to be launched in 1990. The rendezvous is the third in a series of “core missions”‐along with the Venus Radar Mapper and a Mars orbiter—to be proposed following recommendations by the agency's Solar System Exploration Committee (SSEC) two years ago (Eos, November 9, 1982, p. 852.) It is planned as a new start in the fiscal year 1987 budget.The mission will be the first to use the new Mariner Mark II spacecraft derived from earlier vehicles such as Voyager and Viking and intended for deep space reconnaisance. Following a July 1990 space shuttle launch, the spacecraft will fly by and take close looks at the main‐belt asteroids Namaqua and Lucia on its way to a rendezvous with Kopff in 1994.
More quakes, fewer deaths
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) National Earthquake Information Center has issued a bad news/good news report for 1983. The bad news is that there were more significant earthquakes worldwide than in any year since 1980. The good news is that only 2,322 persons died as the result of those quakes, almost one‐third fewer than in 1982 and less than half the 1981 toll.Significant earthquakes are defined as those of magnitude 6.5 or greater, or those which cause casualties or considerable damage. There were 70 such tremors last year, with 14 classified as “major”—magnitude 7.0 to 7.9. “Great quakes” of magnitude 8.0‐plus have averaged about one a year in this century, but 1983 was the third year in a row without one.
Halley's comet mission
Authors: Bell Peter M. 
Published: October 2011

Halley's comet will cross the earth's orbit and will remain within reasonable distance for spacecraft observation during the period November 1985 through March 1986. The European Space Agency (ESA) will be sending the Giotto spacecraft to study Halley. There is about a 70/40 proportion of European to American scientists on the mission team.Out of 10 instruments to observe the coma on board Giotto as it passes through Halley's cometary dust at a relative velocity of 244,800 km/hour, two mass spectrometers will sample and analyze cometary gases. One of these spectrometers is being built in part by the Lockheed Missiles and Spacecraft Company's Research Laboratory, and the other one is being built by the Max Planck Institute in Landau, Federal Republic of Germany. If the system survives bombardment by particles, the gas composition of a comet will be known for the first time.
Women geoscientists select officers
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The Association for Women Geoscientists Foundation has selected a board of directors to spearhead the development of educational and community programs geared to the earth sciences. The foundation, established in 1983, plans to provide grants to women studying the geosciences, to support a geology field program in cooperation with the Girl Scouts of America, and to undertake development of career guidance programs targeting junior and senior high school girls.Lois K. Ongley, an independent geologist in Houston, Tex., is president. Gwenn M. Jensen, an exploration geologist for Cities Service Oil & Gas Corp. in Denver, Colo., is vice president. Constance A. Sancetta, associate research scientist at the Lamont‐Doherty Geological Observatory, is secretary. Susan J. Mara, resource analyst for the Pacific Gas & Electric Co. in San Francisco, Calif., is treasurer. The board of directors' three advisors are Maria Luisa Crawford, department chairman and professor at the geology department, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, Pa.; Judith B. Mooney, project manager in the office of nuclear waste isolation of Battelle Memorial Institute in Columbus, Ohio; and A.F. Spilhaus, Jr., AGU executive director and Eos editor‐in‐chief.
New phone‐in time service
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

If you want to know the precise time—in fact, the most precise time available—call 1‐900‐410‐TIME. This will connect you with the U.S. Naval Observatory's Master Clock in Washington, D.C., keeper of the national time standard, where a voice announcement will give you the time accurate to within one billionth of a second per day.The new service, useful for the synchronization of clocks and communication satellites as well as other applications, is being made available to the military and scientific communities and to the general public. A constant ticking in the background of the recorded phone announcement allows scientific users to synchronize their equipment.
AGU'S Guide to Legislative Information and Contacts
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Based largely on a publication titled A Guide for Providing Scientific Testimony by Arthur Jack Grimes, Head, Department of Public Responsibilities, American Institute of Biological Sciences.NB. All price quotes for publications are 1983 prices.The purpose of this guide is to assist AGU members in communicating with legislators and government agency officials and to delineate some of the constraints under which AGU must operate when undertaking activities in this area.Before becoming law and having funds appropriated to carry it out, legislation at the federal level and at most state levels can go through more than 20 different steps. Certain steps offer opportunity for persons and groups to provide information with both written and inperson testimony. A few of the key steps in the legislative process are presented.
Mesoscale Meteorology/Hydrology Experiment?
Authors: Eagleson Peter S. 
Published: October 2011

Scientific progress in the field of surface water hydrology appears currently to be constrained by a lack of comprehensive field data involving the coordinated simultaneous observation of many meteorological and hydrologic variables at mesoscale. Mesoscale meteorological experiments are underactive discussion by (1) a U.S. interagency team and (2) the World Climate Research Program. The hydrologic research community should ensure that its interests are represented in the planning for these unique experiments.Historically, the field of surface water hydrology has grown out of an engineering need to provide adequate water supplies over the long‐term and to provide flood protection in the short term. Early work involved the collection and analysis of station records of precipitation and streamflow, and their use in developing lumped (i.e., one‐dimensional) models of the precipitation‐runoff behavior of watersheds.
Multivariate modeling
Authors: Salas Jose D. 
Published: October 2011

The special session entitled Multivariate Modeling of Hydrologic and Other Geophysical Time Series was held during the AGU Fall Meeting in San Francisco on Thursday, December 8, 1983, and was sponsored by the Surface Runoff Committee of the Hydrology Section of AGU. The session brought together about 100 participants from different disciplines, including hydrologists, oceanographers, meteorologists, and statisticians, to discuss the state of the art and new developments of stochastic description and modeling of multiple time series of hydrologic and geophysical phenomena.The papers and discussion generated during the session covered a wide variety of hydrologic variables such as streamflow, precipitation, specific conductance, groundwater and water use, meteorologic variables such as air temperature, wind and pressure, and oceanographic variables such as ocean temperature and velocity. Among the topics discussed were: modeling that is oriented to data generation of multivariate processes, basic data analysis and description of statistical characteristics in time and space; modeling specifically oriented to forecasting the processes involved; transfer of hydrologic a nd geophysical information; and detection of changes in hydrologic information.
Eagleson voted president‐elect
Authors: Richman Barbara T. 
Published: October 2011

Peter S. Eagleson, professor of civil engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, was chosen AGU President‐Elect, according to a report from the AGU Tellers Committee on the recent elections. The Tellers report will be formally presented to the AGU Council at the Spring Meeting in Cincinnati on May 15.Peter M. Bell, of the Geophysical Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution of Washington has been elected AGU General Secretary. He succeeds Leslie H. Meredith. Juan G. Roederer of the Geophysical Institute of the University of Alaska, Fairbanks, will succeed Carl Kisslinger as Foreign Secretary. The 4‐year terms for the general secretary and foreign secretary end June 30, 1988.
William L. Chameides: New JGR editor
Authors: Richman Barbara T. 
Published: October 2011

Maintaining high quality of papers while decreasing review time is among the goals set by Journal of Geophysical Research editor William L. Chameides, associate professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology's School of Geophysical Sciences. On January 1 Chameides officially began his 4‐year term as editor of the section of the journal that emphasizes atmospheric chemistry and physics. He succeeds Ralph J. Cicerone.Chameides says he will follow in Cicerone's tradition by maintaining the high quality of the journal and the broad scope of papers published relating to atmospheric science. He hopes to broaden further the journal's scope by incorporating more multidisciplinary papers. Increasingly, atmospheric scientists are becoming concerned with problems relating to biogeochemical cycles, global pollution and climate, global habitability, cloud physics, and acid rain, Chameides explained. The solutions to these problems, he added, will require the collaboration of scientists with capabilities in a wide variety of disciplines. It is Chameides' hope that JGR will serve as a forum for the exchange of ideas and new findings among this broad and multidisciplinary community of scientists.
Pacific Northwest AGU Meeting
Authors: Engebretson David C. , Beck Myrl E. 
Published: October 2011

The 30th AGU Pacific Northwest Regional Meeting was held September 29 to October 1, 1983, on the campus of Western Washington University, Bellingham, Wash. Approximately 125 attended the meeting, and 36 papers were presented. The meeting included two fields trips, five special symposia, and a banquet where keynote speaker Don Swanson presented “Dome building on Mt. St. Helens.”The meeting highlights included a symposium on Tertiary sedimentary basins of Washington and Oregon which revealed the importance of sedimentological studies for deciphering the timing and nature of accretionary processes in tectonically active areas. Geological and geophysical studies on the recent tectonics of the Juan de Fuca plate and nearby continent were presented by workers from the United States and Canada as well as ongoing studies for the evolution and character of the crystalline North Cascades of Washington and British Columbia.
Yamato 791197
Authors: Bell Peter M. 
Published: October 2011

A second meteorite of probable lunar origin has been found among the several thousand meteorites recovered from Antarctica. It is number 791197 from the Yamato collection, which was recovered by an expedition from the Japanese Institute of Polar Research, Tokyo. The first meteorite of probable lunar origin (ALHA 81005) was identified by Brian Mason in 1982.Some meteorites may be leftover rock fragments from the nucleo‐synthesis event that produced the solar system. It is also believed that some meteorites are the result of other meteorite impacts on either the moon or on Mars and that these samples were ejected into earth orbit. However, it is not clear if these samples could have escaped the gravity on Mars.
NSF Graduate Fellowships
Authors: Richman Barbara T. 
Published: October 2011

Of the 540 college students offered fellowships by the National Science Foundation (NSF) this year for graduate study in 1984–1985 in the natural and social sciences, mathematics, and engineering, 34 plan to pursue graduate studies in the earth, ocean, or space sciences. In addition, of the 60 NSF Minority Graduate Fellowships awarded this year, 2 were offered to students who plan graduate studies in the earth, ocean, and space sciences.Each fellowship, awarded for 3 years of graduate study, provides a stipend of $8,100 per year for full‐time graduate study. An annual cost‐of‐education allowance of $4,900 is provided by NSF in lieu of all tuition and fees to the institution selected by each fellow for graduate study. The fellowships may be used over 5 years to permit students to incorporate teaching or research assistantships into their education during periods in which they are not receiving their fellowship stipends.
Smithsonian grants
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The Smithsonian Institution has announced the deadlines for a fellowship in residence program and a foreign currency grants program.The residence fellowships support independent research and study in fields that are actively pursued by the various bureaus of the institution. The primary objective of the fellowships is to further the research training of scholars and scientists in the early stages of their professional careers. Proposals will be considered for research, among other topics, in earth sciences; paleobiology; ecological, behavioral, and environmental studies of tropical and temperate zones; and history of science and technology.
Geophysical weight loss diet
Authors: Schatten Kenneth 
Published: October 2011

Having for numerous reasons acquired a three digit kilogram mass, the author is experienced at the painful struggles that the gourmand must suffer to reduce weight, particularly if he/she enjoys reasonably large amounts of good food. To the avant‐garde geophysicist, utilizing the following approach could be pleasurable, rewarding, and may even enable the accomplishment of what Ghengis Khan, Alexander the Great, Napolean, and Hitler could not!The basic approach is the full utilization of Newton's formula for the attraction of two massive bodies: F=GM1M2/r2, where G, is the gravitational constant; r, the distance between the two bodies; and M1 and M2, the masses of the two bodies. Although one usually chooses M1 to be the earth's mass ME and M2 to be the mass of a small object, this unnecessarily restricts the realm of phenomena. The less restrictive assumption is M1 + M2 = ME.
And 6 more years of science
Authors: Reichhardt Tony 
Published: October 2011

After these heroics, the rest of the repair mission went more or less according to the (amended) script. The crew was able to retrieve the satellite, fix its attitude control system and coronagraph/polarimeter instrument as planned, then redeploy Solar Max in its 500‐km‐high orbit on April 12.Barely was the satellite back in service again when it got the chance to observe the eruption of a major solar flare, through what Solar Max project scientist Bruce Woodgate calls “a combination of anticipation and rapid re‐pointing.” The satellite had been near the middle of a 30‐day engineering checkout period when, on April 23, the onboard hard X ray burst spectrometer began detecting flare bursts in a particularly active region on the sun. Project scientists then requested Goddard technicians to move the satellite and point its narrow field instruments at the active region, with the result that half an hour later the satellite was perfectly positioned to record the largest flare of the current solar cycle occuring on the sun. “We got lucky there,” says Woodgate. So interesting were the data returning from this flare region that Solar Max was scheduled to remain in its “science mode” for about 2 weeks before picking up again with the engineering healthchecks.
General Climatology
Authors: Kondratyev K. Ya. 
Published: October 2011

Publication of the fourth edition of the textbook General Climatology by H.J. Critchfield is in itself a convincing indicator of both the urgency of the problem and the high value of the book. A reader who wants to get acquainted with climatology will find here useful information on climate‐forming factors and observational techniques (part 1) and on the observed features of the global climate (part 2), as well as ways to use the information on climate to control natural resources, in agriculture, medicine, construction, etc. For this edition the author has added new material (for instance, data on the climate of oceans), but he has failed to bring the contents into line with the current state of the science in this field.The book, originally published long ago, contains information mainly on classical (chiefly, descriptive) climatology. However, during the last 2 decades climatology has changed beyond recognition: Some experts even speak about revolution in climatology. Important changes have been connected first of all with intensive and successful development of climate theory, which has led to the transformation of climatology from a descriptive to a physico‐mathematical science. The idea of the “atmosphere‐ocean‐continents‐cryosphere‐biosphere” climatic system has emphasized the interdisciplinary character of the climate problem, the solution of which should draw on geography, mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, and some other sciences. The use of satellite observations has performed the real revolution in climatology. The solution of the global‐scale climate problem can now be based on the use of information (mainly data on cloud cover and the earth's radiation budget) that for the first time covers the entire planet.