bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of hospitalization for upper gastrointestinal adverse events associated with nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs: a nationwide case‐crossover study in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Chia‐Hsuin , Chen Hsi‐Chieh , Lin Jou‐Wei , Kuo Chuei‐Wen , Shau Wen‐Yi , Lai Mei‐Shu 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTPurposeThis study aimed to evaluate the risks of upper gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events across a variety of oral and parenteral coxibs and nonselective nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (nsNSAIDs) in the general population of Taiwan.MethodsIn a case‐crossover study, all patients aged ≥20 years who were hospitalized for upper GI adverse events (peptic ulcer and bleeding; gastritis and duodenitis) in 2006 were identified using the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis codes from inpatient claims from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database. For each patient, the case period was defined as 1–30 days and the control period as 31–60 days before the date of hospitalization. Outpatient pharmacy prescription database was searched for individual NSAID use during the case and control periods. A conditional logistic regression model was applied, and adjusted self‐matched odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were reported.ResultsA total of 40 635 patients hospitalized for upper GI adverse events were included. The adjusted OR was 1.52 (95%CI: 1.27–1.82) for celecoxib and 2.56 (95%CI: 2.44–2.69) for oral nsNSAIDs. The ORs were above 2 for oral piroxicam, diclofenac, ketorolac, ketoprofen, acemetacin, and naproxen and were around 1.5 for tiaprofenic acid, indomethacin, mefenamic acid, and ibuprofen. Higher risks were evident for parenteral NSAIDs, in particular ketorolac with an OR of 5.76 (95%CI: 5.14–6.44).ConclusionUse of celecoxib and all nsNSAIDs studied was associated with a greater risk of upper GI toxicity as compared with nonuse. Parenteral NSAIDs posed a higher risk, but celecoxib, ibuprofen, and mefenamic acid posed a lower risk than other NSAIDs. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The nature and structure of psychological distress in people at high risk for melanoma: a factor analytic study
Authors: Kasparian Nadine A. , Sansom‐Daly Ursula , McDonald Roderick P. , Meiser Bettina , Butow Phyllis N. , Mann Graham J. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjective: This study examined the psychometric properties of two commonly used measures of psychological distress, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Impact of Events Scale (IES) in a sample of individuals at high risk of developing melanoma due to strong family history.Methods: One hundred thirty‐two individuals with a known family‐specific CDKN2A mutation (74% response rate) completed a mailed, self‐administered questionnaire including the HADS and the IES. Initial correlational analyses were followed by both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, according to a predetermined procedure for order of analyses.Results: Exploratory factor analyses found that neither a two‐, three‐ or four‐factor solution satisfactorily accounted for all IES items in the present sample. By contrast, a unidimensional account of the data emerged to best account for all IES items, leaving no items unaccounted for. In contrast, the traditional two‐factor (anxiety and depression) structure of the HADS appeared to fit the data well.Conclusions: The traditional, two‐factor (intrusion and avoidance) structure of the IES was not borne out within this familial melanoma cohort. Assessment of a single dimension of emotional distress in response to melanoma risk may facilitate more meaningful explorations of psychological adjustment in this context. These findings also raise questions about whether a post‐traumatic stress framework is indeed the most appropriate framework to capture the unique nature of melanoma‐ or cancer‐related distress. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gelled Fuel Simulant Droplet Impact onto a Solid Surface
Authors: Rahimi Shai , Weihs Daniel 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe dynamics of the impact process of a non‐Newtonian gelled fuel simulant droplet was studied experimentally. A comparison between the impact process of the gel simulant and that of a neat Newtonian fluid reveals a similar behaviour during the kinematic phase of the droplet impact. However, significant differences, both quantitatively and qualitatively, between the investigated fluids were found during the later spreading, relaxation and equilibrium phases of the impact process.Numerical simulations for the neat Newtonian fluid were found to accurately predict the centreline height during the kinematic phase for both of the fluids.A novel dynamic model for drop shape based on elastic spring and dashpot elements using the Bessel function to describe the periodic term is presented. Very good agreement of the dynamic model with the experimental data was obtained.
A new approach to network‐based H∞ control for stochastic systems
Authors: Zhou Qi , Shi Peng 
Published: May 2011

SUMMARYThis paper deals with the problem of network‐based H∞ control for a class of uncertain stochastic systems with both network‐induced delays and packet dropouts. The networked control system under consideration is represented by a stochastic model, which consists of two successive delay components in the state. The uncertainties are assumed to be time varying and norm bounded. Sufficient conditions for the existence of H∞ controller are proposed to ensure exponentially stable in mean square of the closed‐loop system that also satisfies a prescribed performance. The conditions are expressed in the frame of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), which can be verified easily by means of standard software. Two practical examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed techniques. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Data‐based monitoring and reconfiguration of a distributed model predictive control system
Authors: Chilin David , Liu Jinfeng , Davis James F. , Christofides Panagiotis D. 
Published: May 2011

SUMMARYIn this work, we develop a data‐based monitoring and reconfiguration system for a distributed model predictive control system in the presence of control actuator faults. Specifically, we first design fault detection filters and filter residuals, which are computed via exponentially weighted moving average, to effectively detect faults. Then, we propose a fault isolation approach that uses adaptive fault isolation time windows whose length depends on the rate of change of the fault residuals to quickly and accurately isolate actuator faults. Simultaneously, we estimate the magnitudes of the faults using a least‐squares method and based on the estimated fault values, we design appropriate control system reconfiguration (fault‐tolerant control) strategies to handle the actuator faults and maintain the closed‐loop system state within a desired operating region. A nonlinear chemical process example is used to demonstrate the approach. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Globalizing students acting for the common good
Authors: Bencze Larry , Carter Lyn 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIt is apparent that many of us live in a hyper‐economized world, in which personal identities and routine practices are significantly oriented towards production and consumption of for‐profit goods and services. Extreme consumerism resulting from this orientation often is associated with many personal, social, and environmental problems. Implicated as an agent, among many, in this problematic hyper‐economized process is science education. Briefly, our literature reviews suggest that, under influences from apparently hegemonic forces of neoconservatism and neoliberalism, school science often functions to generateknowledge producers, including engineers, scientists and other theoretical workers—who, in turn, may develop and manage mechanisms of production of goods and services on behalf of global economic elite. At the same time, it also is apparent that school science generates a large class of citizens who are prepared, essentially, to serve asconsumers—both in terms of faithfully following labor instructions from the aforementioned knowledge producers (who may be accountable mainly to their financiers) and also enthusiastically engaging in repeating cycles of consumption of goods and services. Such a use of education seems undemocratic, at the very least, and highly problematic, assuming an association between school science and many personal, social, and environmental problems. To perhaps bring about a more just and sustainable world, we offer a theoretical framework, along with a more pragmatic version of it, for organizing science and technology education in many contexts. Although based on principles likeholism,altruism,realism,egalitarianism, anddualismthat we suggest may help school science generate a citizenry willing and able to proactively contribute to the common good, we also urge readers to use it as a basis for further research and development. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Inc. J Res Sci Teach 48: 648–669, 2011
Cell microencapsulation: a potential tool for the treatment of neuronopathic lysosomal storage diseases
Authors: Matte Ursula , Lagranha Valeska Lizzi , de Carvalho Talita Giacomet , Mayer Fabiana Quoos , Giugliani Roberto 
Published: May 2011

AbstractLysosomal storage disorders (LSD) are monogenic diseases caused by the deficiency of different lysosomal enzymes that degrade complex substrates such as glycosaminoglycans, sphingolipids, and others. As a consequence there is multisystemic storage of these substrates. Most treatments for these disorders are based in the fact that most of these enzymes are soluble and can be internalized by adjacent cells via mannose‐6‐phosphate receptor. In that sense, these disorders are good candidates to be treated by somatic gene therapy based on cell microencapsulation. Here, we review the existing data about this approach focused on the LSD treatments, the advantages and limitations faced by these studies.
Vaccenic and Elaidic Acid Equally Esterify into Triacylglycerols, but Differently into Phospholipids of Fed Rat Liver Cells
Authors: Du Zhen‐Yu , Degrace Pascal , Gresti Joseph , Loreau Olivier , Clouet Pierre 
Published: May 2011

AbstractElaidic acid (trans‐9‐C18:1 or trans‐9) is assumed to exert atherogenic effects due to its double bond configuration. The possibility that trans‐9 and vaccenic acid (trans‐11‐C18:1 or trans‐11), its positional isomer, were biochemically equivalent and interchangeable compounds, was investigated by reference to their cis‐isomers through esterification‐related activities using rat liver cells and subcellular fractions. In hepatocytes, both trans‐C18:1 were incorporated to the same extent in triacylglycerols, but trans‐9 was more esterified than trans‐11 into phospholipids (P < 0.05). Glycerol‐3‐phosphate acyltransferase activity in microsomes was lower with trans‐11 than with trans‐9, while this activity in mitochondria was ~40% greater with trans‐11 than with trans‐9 (P < 0.05). Activity of 2‐lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase in microsomes was of comparable extent with both trans isomers, but activity of 2‐lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase was significantly greater with trans‐9 than with trans‐11 at P < 0.01. Lipoproteins secreted by hepatocytes reached equivalent levels in the presence of any isomers, but triacylglycerol production was more elevated with trans‐11 than with trans‐9 at P < 0.05. Cholesterol efflux from previously labelled hepatocytes was lower with trans‐11 than with trans‐9. When these cells were exposed to either trans‐C18:1, the gene expression of proteins involved in fatty acid esterification and lipoprotein synthesis was unaffected, which indicates that the biochemical differences essentially depended on enzyme/substrate affinities. On the whole, vaccenic and elaidic acid were shown to incorporate cell phospholipids unequally, at least in vitro, which suggests they can differently affect lipid metabolic pathways in normal cells.
Lobar and segmental liver atrophy associated with hilar cholangiocarcinoma and the impact of hilar biliary anatomical variants: a pictorial essay
Authors: Friesen Brendon R. , Gibson Robert N. , Speer Tony , Vincent Janette M. , Stella Damien , Collier Neil A. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
The radiological features of lobar and segmental liver atrophy and compensatory hypertrophy associated with biliary obstruction are important to recognise for diagnostic and therapeutic reasons. Atrophied lobes/segments reduce in volume and usually contain crowded dilated bile ducts extending close to the liver surface. There is often a “step” in the liver contour between the atrophied and non-atrophied parts. Hypertrophied right lobe or segments enlarge and show a prominently convex or “bulbous” visceral surface. The atrophied liver parenchyma may show lower attenuation on pre-contrast computed tomography (CT) and CT intravenous cholangiography (CT-IVC) and lower signal intensity on T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Hilar biliary anatomical variants can have an impact on the patterns of lobar/segmental atrophy, as the cause of obstruction (e.g. cholangiocarcinoma) often commences in one branch, leading to atrophy in that drainage region before progressing to complete biliary obstruction and jaundice. Such variants are common and can result in unusual but explainable patterns of atrophy and hypertrophy. Examples of changes seen with and without hilar variants are presented that illustrate the radiological features of atrophy/hypertrophy.
The Cheder iron meteorite (Tuva): mineral composition, structure, and PGE and REE contents
Authors: Agafonov L.V. , Popov V.A. , Anoshin G.N. , Pospelova L.N. , Zabelin V.I. , Kudryavtsev V.I. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
The Cheder meteorite, found 23 km south of Kyzyl, has been studied in terms of mineral composition and internal structure. Structurally, it is a medium octahedrite, which measures 26 × 9 × 8 cm and weighs 5.39 kg. Its surface is streamlined and features flow lines. One of the sides, probably that facing the flight direction, features regmaglypts and a sinuous cavern (9 × 1.5 cm). The meteorite consists of kamacite admixed with taenite. The inside of Widmanstätten bands is of complex kamacite–taenite composition and flanked by taenite lamellae. Phosphides are present in kamacite in small amounts as variously sized and shaped bodies. They are divided into three types depending on the Ni/Fe ratio. Small shapeless wormlike grains, which are usually assigned to rhabdites, consist of nickelphosphide (Ni-rich variety). All the minerals in the meteorite contain Co (up to 0.67 wt.%) and, sometimes, Cu and P (just above the detection limit). The total PGE content of the meteorite is several times higher than that of chromitites, which are one of the terrestrial PGE sources. The REE in the meteorite are dominated by HREE. The total REE content of the meteorite is lower than that of chondrite C1 by two orders of magnitude.
Slab shape in subduction zones beneath the Kurile–Kamchatka and Aleutian arcs based on regional tomography results
Authors: Koulakov I.Yu. , Dobretsov N.L. , Bushenkova N.A. , Yakovlev A.V. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
A 3-D model of the seismic heterogeneities of P- and S-velocities has been constructed down to 1100 km beneath the Kurile–Kamchatka and Aleutian subduction zones on the basis of the regional tomographic inversion of data from global seismic catalogs. Particular attention is paid to verifying the data by different tests. A clear image of a classic subducting oceanic slab is observed along the entire Kurile–Kamchatka arc, which coincides in the P- and S-models and with the distribution of deep seismicity. These data served as a basis for a parametric model of the upper and lower slab boundaries beneath the Kurile–Kamchatka arc. According to this model, the slab has various thicknesses and maximum penetration depths in different arc segments. In the southern part of the arc, between depths of 600 and 700 km, the slab moves horizontally and does not penetrate the lower mantle. Beneath the North Kuriles and southern Kamchatka, it subducts down to 900 km. These data suggest that the subducting slab becomes a viscous and nonelastic body and the changes in its shape may be due to phase transitions with increasing temperature and pressure. We attribute its gentler dipping and thickening beneath the South Kuriles to the oceanic “pushing” mechanism. The lithospheric thinning, steeper subsidence, and penetration into the lower mantle beneath the North Kuriles are due to the predominant “gravity sinking,” or “slab pull,” mechanism.
Unlike some other researchers, we have obtained a high-velocity anomaly beneath the western Aleutian arc (not as clear as beneath the Kurile–Kamchatka arc, yet quite reliable). It suggests the presence of a slab subducting down to 200–250 km. In the eastern Aleutian arc, we clearly observe the Pacific slab subducting down to 500–600 km (somewhat deeper than in the previous studies).
Petrophysical interpretation of time-lapse electromagnetic sounding in wells
Authors: Yeltsov I.N. , Nesterova G.V. , Kashevarov A.A. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Terrigenous reservoirs are studied by a joint analysis of processes of various physical nature. This study is urgent because new methods for formation evaluation (first of all, permeability) from electric and electromagnetic logging data are required. We propose a method for the complex processing and interpretation of time-lapse well logging electromagnetic measurements, which show the dynamics of processes in the well influence zone. The constructed electrohydrodynamic model of the borehole environment is used to estimate the hydrophysical (petrophysical) parameters of the formation.
Untouched Antarctica: mapping a finite and diminishing environmental resource
Authors: Hughes Kevin A. , Fretwell Peter , Rae Joanna , Holmes Keith , Fleming Andrew 
Published: May 2011

AbstractGlobally, areas categorically known to be free of human visitation are rare, but still exist in Antarctica. Such areas may be among the most pristine locations remaining on Earth and, therefore, be valuable as baselines for future comparisons with localities impacted by human activities, and as sites preserved for scientific research using increasingly sophisticated future technologies. Nevertheless, unvisited areas are becoming increasingly rare as the human footprint expands in Antarctica. Therefore, an understanding of historical and contemporary levels of visitation at locations across Antarctica is essential to a) estimate likely cumulative environmental impact, b) identify regions that may have been impacted by non-native species introductions, and c) inform the future designation of protected areas under the Antarctic Treaty System. Currently, records of Antarctic tourist visits exist, but little detailed information is readily available on the spatial and temporal distribution of national governmental programme activities in Antarctica. Here we describe methods to fulfil this need. Using information within field reports and archive and science databases pertaining to the activities of the United Kingdom as an illustration, we describe the history and trends in its operational footprint in the Antarctic Peninsula since c. 1944. Based on this illustration, we suggest that these methodologies could be applied productively more generally.
Spinal surgery in older people: indications, techniques and outcomes
Authors: Baker ADL , Sanderson P 
Published: May 2011

SummaryThis article provides an overview of spine surgery in older people and reviews outcome and novel techniques. Improvements in pain, disability, and quality of life can be expected following surgery and demand for surgery of this type is likely to increase as the mean age of the population increases. Novel techniques and improved intsrumentation offer surgical treatments for conditions that were previously untreatable and show encouraging early results.
Nutritional issues and potential interventions in older people
Authors: Hankey Catherine R , Leslie Wilma S 
Published: May 2011

SummaryThe prevalence of undernutrition in older individuals, living independently in a community setting, or living in a supported setting, is considerable. The negative health effects of undernutrition are wide ranging, with implications for quality of life (QOL), well-being and general health, through to the individual's ability to recovery from acute disease. There are a number of key measures that indicate both nutritional status and the effectiveness of any intervention. These include conventional anthropometric and biochemical measures of nutrient status, as well as measures of QOL, well-being and depression. The latter have huge importance to the life of the individual, and to date appear to have undergone only preliminary investigation. This review suggests that the efficacy of interventions to address undernutrition and improve health in older people living in a variety of settings is highly variable, and that considerable opportunities for research in this area exist.
(A24) Does Community Emergency Care Initiative Improves the Knowledge, Skill And Attitude of Healthcare Workers and Laypersons in Basic Emergency Care in India?
Authors: Bhoi S. , Thakur N. , Chauhan S. , Kumar R. , Aggarwal D. , Gulati V. , Sawhney C. 
Published: May 2011

BackgroundBasic emergency care at primary, secondary and tertiary health care level in India is in its infancy. Lack of training in emergency care is an important factor. We designed AIIMS basic emergency care course (AIIMS BECC) to address the issue.ObjectiveTo improve the knowledge, skill and attitude of healthcare workers and laypersons in basic emergency care and to identify and train instructors.MethodsProspective study conducted over a period of one and half years. The target groups were medical, police, fire fighter, paramilitary forces, teachers, school children of India. Provider AIIMS BECC is of one day duration. The contents of the course are cardio-pulmonary resuscitation, chocking and special scenarios like trauma, electrocution, drowning, hypothermia, pregnancy, etc. Course was disseminated via lectures, audio-visual and hands on training. The participants were evaluated by pre and post test questions. Subjects had to score 80% to be successful and those who scored more than 90% were eligible for instructor course. The confidence levels at baseline and at the end of the course were evaluated in policecourses were evaluated on course clarity, course delivery and trainers quality on a likert scale (1 = worst, 5 = excellent).Results1614 subjects were trained. 99.81% became providers and 2.6% were trained as instructors. 83.1% were non-medical and16.9% were medical personals. 76.14% were police, paramilitary 0.8%, teachers 1.6%, students 2.1% and mixed groups were 2.6%. The average and modal increase in confidence level among police were 66.14% and 62.49%. Likert scale of ≥ 4 was observed in 90.7% in course clarity, 91.28% in course delivery and 95.26% in trainer quality.ConclusionKnowledge, skill and attitude of healthcare care and laypersons in providing basic emergency care improved by community emergency care initiative. Instructors were identified for further dissemination of the course. The confidence levels increased among police.