bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of resistant starch (RS3) addition on rheological properties of wheat flour
Authors: Hong Se‐Ra , Yoo Byoungseung 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe rheological properties of wheat flour (WF) mixed with RS type 3 at different concentrations of RS (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20%) were examined. Steady and dynamic shear rheological tests indicated that the magnitudes of consistency index (K), apparent viscosity (ηa,100), dynamic modulus (G′ and G″), and complex viscosity (η*) of the WF–RS mixtures decreased with an increase in the mixing concentration of RS. G′ values of WF–RS mixture samples except for 5% RS as a function of aging time (14 h) at 5°C increased rapidly at initial stage and then reached a plateau region at long aging times. Increasing the RS concentration resulted in the decrease in plateau values. In general, these results suggest that the presence of RS in WF modifies the rheological properties, and that these modifications are dependent on the concentration of RS. The most pronounced changes of viscoelastic properties were observed for WF mixed with 20% RS.
Effects of protein hydrolysis on pasting properties of wheat flour
Authors: Chen Jian‐sheng , Tian Ji‐chun , Zheng Fei‐fei , Li Xing‐cui , Zhao Yang , Gao Xiao‐bo , Zhang Xing‐long 
Published: March 2012

AbstractProtein hydrolysis is used widely in the food industry for the purpose of improvement of food or industrial quality, and the processing exists concurrently or subsequently with starch pasting. The effects of protein hydrolysis using papain, pepsin, trypsin, and dithiothreitol (DTT) on flour pasting properties were here investigated at five set concentrations. There were notable decreases in the peak, the trough viscosity, and the integral area of the viscosity curve as the concentrations of papain, trypsin, and DTT increased. DDT and pepsin concentration did not have any effect on final viscosity. Both breakdown and setback showed significant downtrends as the concentration of papain increased but no change as DDT concentration varied. Low concentrations of papain and pepsin prolonged peak time slightly, but higher concentrations shortened it significantly. For trypsin and DTT, low concentrations increased peak time notably, but high concentrations decreased it significantly. Pasting time and temperature increased in the presence of papain, pepsin, and trypsin, more so at higher concentrations. These results supply a basis for the utilization of hydrolyzed protein in the food industry and for the further studies on the interactions between protein and starch during processing.
New insights into loss of swelling power and pasting profiles of acid hydrolyzed starch granules
Authors: Wang Shujun , Copeland Les 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe effect of acid hydrolysis on the swelling power of pea starch granules was studied by field emission SEM (FE‐SEM). The swelling power of the native starch granules (g water absorbed/g dry starch) was 13, and this decreased to less than 2 after 1 day of acid hydrolysis. The proportion of the starch that was soluble in hot water increased from 15% for native starch to 75% after 1 day of hydrolysis. The swelling power of the starch decreased further, and solubility increased, with more extended hydrolysis. The decrease in swelling power and increase in solubility were attributed mainly to the disruption of side chains of amylopectin. Observations with FE‐SEM indicated that starch granules were still able to melt and coalesce after 1 day of acid hydrolysis, but after 2 days solubilization of starch chains occurred predominantly rather than swelling when the granules were heated in excess water. The intactness of amylopectin is proposed to play a crucial role in the swelling power of starch granules and in the structure of granule ghosts.
Comparison of starches separated from different Dioscorea bulbifera Linn. cultivars
Authors: Jiang Qianqian , Gao Wenyuan , Li Xia , Wang Haiyang , Xia Yuzhuo , Xiao Peigen 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe physico‐chemical, morphological, thermal, and crystal properties of the starches separated from three different rhizomes of Dioscorea bulbifera Linn. (D.BLH, Hubei; D.BLG1, Guangxitianlin; D.BLG2, Guangxiyulin) were studied and compared. A light microscopic technique was applied in order to quantify the integrity and shape of the starch granules after isolation. Amylose contents of different cultivars were in the range of 12.18–14.34%. Moisture content, ash content, swelling power, solubility, water‐binding capacity, and protein content of starches also differed significantly. The three different D. bulbifera starches all showed a typical C‐type pattern with crystallinity 45.36, 27.10, and 53.04%, corresponding to D.BLH, D.BLG1, and D.BLG2, respectively. The starch separated from the three starches above showed gelatinization range of 10.09, 11.55, and 7.26°C, corresponding to D.BLH, D.BLG1, and D.BLG2. The enthalpy of gelatinization (ΔHgel) ranged from 1.28 to 3.11 J/g. Correlation analysis displayed that amylose content and relative crystallinity values were important in determining thermal starches.
Molecular analysis of the glutamate decarboxylase locus in Streptococcus thermophilus ST110
Authors: Somkuti G A , Renye J A , Steinberg D H 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is generated from glutamate by the action of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and characterized by hypotensive, diuretic, and tranquilizing effects in humans and animals. The production of GABA by lactic acid starter bacteria would enhance the functionality of fermented dairy foods including cheeses and yogurt. The survey of 42 strains of the yogurt starter culture Streptococcus thermophilus by PCR techniques indicated the presence of a glutamate decarboxylase gene (gadB) in 16 strains. DNA sequencing data indicated that the GAD/GABA antiporter locus (gadB/gadC) in GAD+ S. thermophilus strains is flanked by transposase elements (5′ and 3′) and positioned between the luxS (5′) and the HD-superfamily hydrolase genes (3′). The PCR amplification product of a ca. 2-kb genomic fragment that included the gadB and its putative promoter region was inserted into a shuttle vector, which was used to transform Escherichia coli DH5α. Subsequently, the recombinant plasmid pMEU5a-1/gadB (7.24 kb) was electrotransformed into the GAD-negative strain S. thermophilus ST128. The ST128 transformants carrying the plasmid-encoded gadB produced functional GAD enzyme as evidenced by the conversion of glutamate to GABA at a rate similar to strains with the gadB/gadC operon located on the chromosome. The results demonstrated the potential to impart to non-GABA-producing strains of S. thermophilus and other lactic acid bacteria the GAD+ phenotype that improves their appeal in possible applications in the development of health-promoting functional foods.
Scarf osteotomy in the management of symptomatic adolescent hallux valgus
Authors: Farrar N. G. , Duncan N. , Ahmed N. , Rajan R. A. 
Published: March 2012

Purpose This study was designed to assess the utility of the scarf osteotomy in the management of symptomatic adolescent hallux valgus. Materials and methods This is a case series of 29 patients (39 feet) with a mean follow up of 38.6 months (range 6–60 months). The mean age at the time of surgery was 14.1 years (range 10–17 years). American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scores were collected at final follow up, along with a rating of the overall satisfaction. Any complications were recorded. Pre- and post-surgical radiographic angles were measured and analysed using the Student's t-test. The angles measured were the hallux valgus angle (HVA), the inter-metatarsal angle (IMA) and the distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA). A second surgeon independently reviewed the angles in order to assess the inter-rater reliability using the Pearson product moment correlation. Results The mean AOFAS score at final follow up was 94.2 (range 54–100). Of all patients, 93 % were either satisfied or very satisfied with their final outcome. One patient has been listed for revision surgery after symptomatic recurrence at 3 years follow up. The pre-operative HVA, IMA and DMAA were 34.8°, 15.9° and 16.0°, respectively. The post-operative values were 16.3°, 8.8° and 9.2°, respectively ( p < 0.001 for each). Pearson's r coefficient values demonstrated good inter-rater reliability of measurement. Conclusion We have presented the results of the largest case series of scarf osteotomies for adolescent hallux valgus reported in the literature up to now, as far as we are aware. AOFAS scores at final follow up are comparable to the smaller studies previously reported and provide evidence that good outcomes and high levels of patient satisfaction can be achieved. Early follow up demonstrates a low level of symptomatic recurrence, but longer term data are still required.
The Income and Health Effects of Tribal Casino Gaming on American Indians
Authors: Wolfe Barbara , Jakubowski Jessica , Haveman Robert , Courey Marissa 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The legalization of American Indian casino gaming in the late 1980s allows examination of the relationship between income and health in a quasi-experimental way. Revenue from gaming accrues to individual tribes and has been used both to supplement tribe members’ income and to finance tribal infrastructure. We assembled annual data from 1988–2003 on tribal gaming, health care access (from the Area Resource File), and individual health and socioeconomic characteristics data (from the Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance System). We use this information within a structural, difference-in-differences framework to study the effect of casino gaming on tribal members’ income, health status, access to health care, and health-related behaviors. Our difference-in-differences framework relies on before-after comparisons among American Indians whose tribe has at some time operated a casino and with-without comparisons between American Indians whose tribe has and those whose tribe has not initiated gaming. Our results provide identified estimates of the positive effect of gaming on American Indian income and on several indicators of American Indian health, health-related behaviors, and access to health care.
Relationship between quality management practices and innovation
Authors: Kim Dong‐Young , Kumar Vinod , Kumar Uma 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to examine the associations among different quality management (QM) practices and investigate which QM practices directly or indirectly relate to five types of innovation: radical product, radical process, incremental product, incremental process, and administrative innovation. We test the proposed framework and hypotheses using empirical data from ISO 9001 certified manufacturing and service firms. The results show that a set of QM practices through process management has a positive relationship with all of these five types of innovation. It was found that process management directly and positively relates to incremental, radical, and administrative innovation. Organizational capability to manage processes may play a vital role in identifying routines, establishing a learning base, and supporting innovative activities. The findings also reveal that the value of an individual QM practice is tied to other QM practices. Therefore, highlighting just one or a few QM practices or techniques may not result in creative problem solving and innovation.
Projective dynamics of homogeneous systems: local invariants, syzygies and the Global Residue Theorem
Authors: Balanov Z. , Kononovich A. , Krasnov Y. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe give an explicit formula for the projective dynamics of planar homogeneous polynomial differential systems in terms of natural local invariants and we establish explicit algebraic connections (syzygies) between these invariants (leading to restrictions on possible global dynamics). We discuss multidimensional generalizations together with applications to the existence of first integrals and bounded solutions.
Gröbner bases for quadratic algebras of skew type
Authors: Cedó Ferran , Okniński Jan 
Published: March 2012

AbstractNon-degenerate monoids of skew type are considered. This is a class of monoids S defined by n generators and $\binom{n}{2}$ quadratic relations of certain type, which includes the class of monoids yielding set-theoretic solutions of the quantum Yang–Baxter equation, also called binomial monoids (or monoids of I-type with square-free defining relations). It is shown that under any degree-lexicographic order on the associated free monoid FMn. of rank n the set of normal forms of elements of S is a regular language in FMn. As one of the key ingredients of the proof, it is shown that an identity of the form xN yN = yN xN holds in S. The latter is derived via an investigation of the structure of S viewed as a semigroup of matrices over a field. It also follows that the semigroup algebra K[S] is a finite module over a finitely generated commutative subalgebra of the form K[A] for a submonoid A of S.
The role of the NTPDase enzyme family in parasites: what do we know, and where to from here?
Authors: SANSOM FIONA M. 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARYNucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (NTPDases, GDA1_CD39 protein superfamily) play a diverse range of roles in a number of eukaryotic organisms. In humans NTPDases function in regulating the inflammatory and immune responses, control of vascular haemostasis and purine salvage. In yeast NTPDases are thought to function primarily in the Golgi, crucially involved in nucleotide sugar transport into the Golgi apparatus and subsequent protein glycosylation. Although rare in bacteria, inLegionella pneumophilasecreted NTPDases function as virulence factors. In the last 2 decades it has become clear that a large number of parasites encode putative NTPDases, and the functions of a number of these have been investigated. In this review, the available evidence for NTPDases in parasites and the role of these NTPDases is summarized and discussed. Furthermore, the processes by which NTPDases could function in pathogenesis, purine salvage, thromboregulation, inflammation and glycoconjugate formation are considered, and the data supporting such putative roles reviewed. Potential future research directions to further clarify the role and importance of NTPDases in parasites are proposed. An attempt is also made to clarify the nomenclature used in the parasite field for the GDA1_CD39 protein superfamily, and a uniform system suggested.
The Ecumenical and Patriotic Activity of the Estonian Eparchy in the Context of Soviet Politics of Religion in 1954–1964
Authors: Sõtšov Andrei 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe post-Stalinist decade resulted in a temporary liberalization in Soviet religious policy in 1956–1957, followed by an intensification of administrative suppression of religious life during the years 1958–1964. A close evaluation of archival sources reveals the quiet two-faced tendencies of Soviet religious policies vis-a-vis the Orthodox Church of occupied Estonia: on one hand, the dozens of orthodox congregations at the local level were forcibly liquidated and the number of clerics decreased rapidly; on the other hand, the patriotic and ecumenical activities of the administration of the Estonian Eparchy increased dramatically and achieved its “golden era” during the tenure of its new bishop of Tallinn, Aleksii Ridiger (the future patriarch Aleksii II of Moscow). This study describes in detail the gradual increase in the interference of Soviet propaganda with the ecumenical and patriotic activity of the Estonian Eparchy from 1959. In the course of subsequent restrictions and the persecution of religion under Khrushchev, the Estonian Diocese of the Moscow Patriarchate was integrated into the larger scheme of Soviet peace propaganda and ecumenical cooperation. This took the form mainly of the joint reception of foreign church delegations which coincided with the tenure of Bishop Aleksii, who played a big role in the Moscow hierarchy as well as in the external affairs of the Russian Orthodox Church. Visits of Church delegations in Tallinn and Kuremäe monastery became a kind of “show piece” of religious freedom and played their part in Soviet peace propaganda. In conclusion, the rise and ebb of the patriotic and ecumenical activity of the Orthodox diocese in occupied Estonia were influenced by the changes, which took place among the USSR's highest authorities in the religious policies level and by the transition from Stalinist totalitarian dictatorship toward Nikita Khrushchev's more oligarchical system.
Do Latino Christians and Seculars Fit the Culture War Profile? Latino Religiosity and Political Behavior
Authors: Gibson Troy , Hare Christopher 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis article examines the effect of religious affiliation and depth of religious commitment on the political behavior of Catholic Latinos, evangelical Latinos, and secular/unaffiliated Latinos. The culture war theory connects theological conservatism with political conservatism, but because prior research shows that minority groups often have alternate experiences with churches that place religious doctrine and teachings in varying political contexts, it is not clear that Latinos fit the culture war profile. We find that religious tradition and church attendance have an additive but differing impact on ideological and partisan identification as well as various policy preferences on social issues where culture war religious divisions are usually found (abortion, gay marriage, death penalty, and support for Israel) and other non-social issues (universal healthcare and taxing and spending). We find that religiosity has the greatest effect on the political behavior of evangelical Latinos, followed by secular/unaffiliated Latinos and committed Latino Catholics, and that religious tradition is largely consistent in moving evangelical Latinos to the political right and secular/unaffiliated Latinos to the political left.
Direct Democracy and Minority Rights: Direct and Indirect Effects on Religious Minorities in Switzerland
Authors: Christmann Anna , Danaci Deniz 
Published: March 2012

AbstractMost of the research on the effects of direct democracy on minority rights is empirically limited to the direct effects of direct democracy. This article takes the issue a step further and examines both direct and indirect effects by investigating the rights of religious minorities in Switzerland. The analysis provides two main insights: all direct effects are negative and can be observed when the rights of out-groups like Islamic minorities are at stake. Second, indirect effects on the parliamentary process can be observed, too: parliaments make laws more restrictive toward Islamic minorities if they fear a popular vote. However, they develop strategies to enforce their liberal interests, as shown by the fact that extensions of the rights of religious minorities are passed in total revisions.
The B55α-containing PP2A holoenzyme dephosphorylates FOXO1 in islet β-cells under oxidative stress
Authors: Yan Ling , Guo Shuangli , Brault Marie , Harmon Jamie , Robertson R. Paul , Hamid Rizwan , Stein Roland , Yang Elizabeth 
Published: March 2012

The FOXO1 (forkhead box O1) transcription factor influences many key cellular processes, including those important in metabolism, proliferation and cell death. Reversible phosphorylation of FOXO1 at Thr24 and Ser256 regulates its subcellular localization, with phosphorylation promoting cytoplasmic localization, whereas dephosphorylation triggers nuclear import and transcriptional activation. In the present study, we used biochemical and molecular approaches to isolate and link the serine/threonine PP2A (protein phosphatase 2A) holoenzyme containing the B55α regulatory subunit, with nuclear import of FOXO1 in pancreatic islet β-cells under oxidative stress, a condition associated with cellular dysfunction in Type 2 diabetes. The mechanism of FOXO1 dephosphorylation and nuclear translocation was investigated in pancreatic islet INS-1 and βTC-3 cell lines subjected to oxidative stress. A combined chemical cross-linking and MS strategy revealed the association of FOXO1 with a PP2A holoenzyme composed of the catalytic C, structural A and B55α regulatory subunits. Knockdown of B55α in INS-1 cells reduced FOXO1 dephosphorylation, inhibited FOXO1 nuclear translocation and attenuated oxidative stress-induced cell death. Furthermore, both B55α and nuclear FOXO1 levels were increased under hyperglycaemic conditions in db/db mouse islets, an animal model of Type 2 diabetes. We conclude that B55α-containing PP2A is a key regulator of FOXO1 activity in vivo.
Genotoxicity Evaluation in Severe or Mild Diabetic Pregnancy in Laboratory Animals
Authors: Lima P.H. , Sinzato Y. , Gelaleti R. , Calderon I.M. , Rudge M.V. , Damasceno D. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the genotoxicity (DNA damage levels) in lymphocyte samples from pregnant Wistar rats with severe or mild diabetes and in whole blood samples from their newborns. Wistar female rats (1 and 90 days of age) and male rats (approximately 90 days of age) were used. The experiment consisted of 2 experimental groups (n=8 animals/group): 1) rats with severe diabetes, 2) rats with mild diabetes. For mild diabetes induction, the rats received streptozotocin (STZ) subcutaneously (100 mg/kg body weight) at day of birth, and those showing glycemia from 120 to 300 mg/dL in their adult life were included. For induction of severe diabetes, adult rats received 40 mg/kg STZ (intravenous route), and those showing glycemia > 300 mg/dL were included. At day 21 of pregnancy, the rats were anesthetized and euthanized for removal of maternal and fetal blood samples for determination of the oxidative DNA damage by applying Endo III and Fpg using the comet assay. Thus, the rats with mild diabetes and their offspring showed higher Fpg-sensitive sites, reflecting the damage resulting from hyperglycemia. The rats with severe diabetes and their offspring showed higher oxidative DNA damage detected by Fpg and Endo III-sensitive sites, showing general repercussions related to diabetes. The enzymatic treatment for DNA damage evidenced that the maternal repercussions of diabetes are associated with oxidative DNA damage of their newborn, which was not reflected using only the analysis of DNA damage free of the enzymes.
Effects of Sex and Age on Serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol in Nondiabetic Subjects
Authors: Ouchi M. , Oba K. , Yamashita H. , Okazaki M. , Tsunoda M. , Ohara M. , Sekimizu K. , Watanabe K. , Suzuki T. , Nakano H. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe aim of this study was to demonstrate the effects of sex and age on serum levels of 1,5-AG in nondiabetic subjects.A total of 1 134 nondiabetic subjects aged 16–96 years with HbA1c less than 6.8% were recruited and divided into 4 HbA1c groups (Q1: HbA1c≤5.3; Q2: 5.4–5.8; Q3: 5.9–6.3; and Q4: 6.4–6.8 [%]). 38 elderly subjects (65 years or older) in the Q3 and Q4 groups (13 men and 25 women) underwent a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).The Q4 group had significantly lower 1,5-AG levels than did the Q1 group among nonelderly males, nonelderly females, and elderly men. In elderly women, 1,5-AG levels did not differ among the 4 HbA1c groups. In both nonelderly and elderly subjects, the 1,5-AG level of the Q1 group was significantly higher in males than in females. Stepwise multivariate regression analysis showed that age was significantly associated with 1,5-AG level in both sexes. HbA1c was significantly associated with the 1,5-AG level in males, while there was no significant association between HbA1c and the 1,5-AG level in females. In the elderly OGTT group, although the glucose levels of both sexes during OGTT were identical, the mean urinary glucose levels and the percentages of subjects with glucosuria were significantly higher in elderly men than in elderly women.Serum 1,5-AG levels were significantly associated with age and sex. The sensitivity of the 1,5-AG level for identifying postprandial hyperglycemia in elderly women with near-normoglycemia is less reliable because they have a higher renal threshold for glucose.