bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Semantic features analysis for biomedical lexical answer type prediction using ensemble learning approach
Authors: Hussain Fiza Gulzar , Wasim Muhammad , Cheema Sehrish Munawar , Pires Ivan Miguel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLexical answer type prediction is integral to biomedical question–answering systems. LAT prediction aims to predict the expected answer’s semantic type of a factoid or list-type biomedical question. It also aids in the answer processing stage of a QA system to assign a high score to the most relevant answers. Although considerable research efforts exist for LAT prediction in diverse domains, it remains a challenging biomedical problem. LAT prediction for the biomedical field is a multi-label classification problem, as one biomedical question might have more than one expected answer type. Achieving high performance on this task is challenging as biomedical questions have limited lexical features. One biomedical question must be assigned multiple labels given these limited lexical features. In this paper, we develop a novel feature set (lexical, noun concepts, verb concepts, protein–protein interactions, and biomedical entities) from these lexical features. Using ensemble learning with bagging, we use the label power set transformation technique to classify multi-label. We evaluate the integrity of our proposed methodology on the publicly available multi-label biomedical questions dataset (MLBioMedLAT) and compare it with twelve state-of-the-art multi-label classification algorithms. Our proposed method attains a micro-F1 score of 77%, outperforming the baseline model by 25.5%.
We are Building Gods: AI as the Anthropomorphised Authority of the Past
Authors: Öhman Carl 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis article argues that large language models (LLMs) should be interpreted as a form of gods. In a theological sense, a god is an immortal being that exists beyond time and space. This is clearly nothing like LLMs. In an anthropological sense, however, a god is rather defined as the personified authority of a group through time—a conceptual tool that molds a collective of ancestors into a unified agent or voice. This is exactly what LLMs are. They are products of vast volumes of data, literally traces of past human (speech) acts, synthesized into a single agency that is (falsely) experienced by users as extra-human. This reconceptualization, I argue, opens up new avenues of critique of LLMs by allowing the mobilization of theoretical resources from centuries of religious critique. For illustration, I draw on the Marxian religious philosophy of Martin Hägglund. From this perspective, the danger of LLMs emerge not only as bias or unpredictability, but as a temptation to abdicate our spiritual and ultimately democratic freedom in favor of what I call a tyranny of the past.
The role of community pharmacists and pharmacies in physical activity promotion: an interdisciplinary e-Delphi study
Authors: Viegas Ruben , Guerreiro Mara Pereira , Duarte-Ramos Filipa , Mendes Romeu , da Costa Filipa Alves 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Physical activity has a key role in the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases. Community pharmacists are an accessible source to provide brief advice to people on how to be more physically active. Nonetheless, there is a limited understanding of stakeholders' perspectives on their role in promoting physical activity, to inform policy and practice. The present study addresses this gap.

Aim
To determine consensus from different health professionals on the role of pharmacists and pharmacies in brief physical activity counselling in Portugal.

Method
This cross-sectional study used a two-round e-Delphi panel. The questionnaire was organised into four domains of physical activity promotion and comprised 37 items. Interdisciplinary experts rated their level of agreement using a 5-point Likert scale. Consensus was set at the outset as 75% or more of participants scoring 4 or 5 (consensus “in”) or 1 or 2 (consensus “out”).

Results
Forty-two health professionals involved in promoting physical activity in the ambulatory setting in Portugal were selected through purposive quota sampling. Eighteen out of 37 items were consensual in the first round and five more achieved consensus after the second round (62.2%). Physical activity promotion was seen as the role of all healthcare workforce and pharmacies were considered as suitable spaces for service provision, regardless of remuneration.

Conclusion
This study endorses a set of roles for physical activity promotion in community pharmacy from an interdisciplinary perspective. Consensually established perspectives can inform policy making and practice, streamlining the coordination of pharmacies with the national health service.
Role of isotropic lipid phase in the fusion of photosystem II membranes
Authors: Böde Kinga , Javornik Uroš , Dlouhý Ondřej , Zsíros Ottó , Biswas Avratanu , Domonkos Ildikó , Šket Primož , Karlický Václav , Ughy Bettina , Lambrev Petar H. , Špunda Vladimír , Plavec Janez , Garab Győző 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIt has been thoroughly documented, by using 31P-NMR spectroscopy, that plant thylakoid membranes (TMs), in addition to the bilayer (or lamellar, L) phase, contain at least two isotropic (I) lipid phases and an inverted hexagonal (HII) phase. However, our knowledge concerning the structural and functional roles of the non-bilayer phases is still rudimentary. The objective of the present study is to elucidate the origin of I phases which have been hypothesized to arise, in part, from the fusion of TMs (Garab et al. 2022 Progr Lipid Res 101,163). We take advantage of the selectivity of wheat germ lipase (WGL) in eliminating the I phases of TMs (Dlouhý et al. 2022 Cells 11: 2681), and the tendency of the so-called BBY particles, stacked photosystem II (PSII) enriched membrane pairs of 300–500 nm in diameter, to form large laterally fused sheets (Dunahay et al. 1984 BBA 764: 179). Our 31P-NMR spectroscopy data show that BBY membranes contain L and I phases. Similar to TMs, WGL selectively eliminated the I phases, which at the same time exerted no effect on the molecular organization and functional activity of PSII membranes. As revealed by sucrose-density centrifugation, magnetic linear dichroism spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, WGL disassembled the large laterally fused sheets. These data provide direct experimental evidence on the involvement of I phase(s) in the fusion of stacked PSII membrane pairs, and strongly suggest the role of non-bilayer lipids in the self-assembly of the TM system.
Hydraulic breakthrough of clay smears due to technical and natural actions
Authors: Gudehus Gerd , Karcher Christian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe outlined earlier in this journal by means of finite element simulations how patterns of normal faults arise by a synsedimentary tectonic extension, and how clay smears evolve therein. In the present paper, we show how hydraulic breakthroughs of clay smears can arise so that water, gas and mud rise in faults. Mechanical properties of sand and clay are introduced first for the stable range and then for rupture and internal erosion. Our numerical simulations for the evolution of normal faults and clay smears are discussed in light of critical phenomena. Water assembled in an open-cast mine about 20 years ago as the critical hydraulic gradient in a clay smear dropped to the actual one due to the rapid excavation-induced deformation. The latter led to a critical point under an excavation the slope of which was parallel to a nearby normal fault. Clay smears can also break by earthquakes so that the critical hydraulic gradient drops to the actual one caused by methane with an excess pressure. This can lead to hydraulic breakthroughs and cold eruptions at outcrops of faults.
Long-term “memory” of extraordinary climatic seasons in the hysteretic seepage of an unsaturated infinite slope
Authors: Bianchi Diana , Gallipoli Domenico , Bovolenta Rossella , Leoni Martino 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a study of the hydraulic response of an infinite unsaturated slope exposed to a perturbation of the ordinary seasonal climatic cycle. The ground flow is modelled via a simplified one-dimensional finite difference scheme by decomposing the two-dimensional slope seepage into antisymmetric and symmetric parts. The numerical scheme incorporates two distinct hysteretic and non-hysteretic soil water retention laws, whose parameters have been selected after a preliminary sensitivity analysis. Results indicate that, in the hysteretic case, the “memory” of the perturbation takes a long time to fade, and the ordinary soil saturation cycle is only restored after several years of normal weather. Instead, in the non-hysteretic case, the recovery of the ordinary saturation regime is almost immediate after the perturbation. In contrast with the markedly different predictions of degree of saturation, both hysteretic and non-hysteretic slope models predict virtually identical evolutions of negative pore water pressures, with an almost immediate restoration of the ordinary cycle after the perturbation.
Compression brace for secondary pectus carinatum in infants and toddlers undergoing cardiac surgery with midline sternotomy
Authors: Konishi Hayato , Fujiwara Kenta , Okazaki Sayaka , Suzuki Akiyo , Suzuki Tatsuya , Katsumata Takahiro , Nagano Toru , Nemoto Shintaro 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purposes
This study aimed to retrospectively assess the response to a newly developed compression brace for improving the deformity of the secondary pectus carinatum in infants and toddlers undergoing cardiac surgery with midline sternotomy. Factors affecting the response to the brace were identified.

Methods
Fifty-one children were enrolled. Severity was expressed as the protrusion angle of the sternum obtained from chest X-ray. The patients were divided into two groups by positive or negative binary residuals of the relationship between the angle at the beginning and its percentage change after wearing the brace. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the influencing factors.

Results
Thirty patients (58.8%) showed zero and positive residuals to the relationship (good responders, Group G), whereas 21 patients showed negative residuals (poor responders, Group P). Male sex, severe cardiac anomaly, complex surgical procedure, multiple sternotomy, total duration, and self-discontinuation were associated with poor response to the brace by univariate analysis. The first three factors remained with high odds ratio for poor response by multivariate analysis. No adverse events occurred with the brace.

Conclusion
Our newly developed compression brace contributed, at least in part, to improve the deformity of the secondary pectus carinatum. Further studies are required to clarify the therapeutic efficacy of anterior chest compression for secondary pectus carinatum.
Evaluating Spatial Accessibility to COVID-19 Vaccination Sites based on Fine-Scale Population Distributions and Heterogeneous Travel Modes: A Case Study in Xiangtan, China
Authors: Yang Wentao , Wang Fengjie , You Yihan , Wan Xiafan , Cheng Sijie , Fang Zhixiong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the inequity in spatial accessibility to COVID-19 vaccination sites is beneficial for the government to optimize vaccine resources. Nevertheless, the result of evaluating spatial accessibility to COVID-19 vaccination sites may be directly affected by the lack of fine-scale and accurate population distribution information in both urban and rural areas. In addition, the choice of travel modes related to different age groups has not been incorporated into existing methods well. Consequently, this study proposes a framework to evaluate spatial accessibility to COVID-19 vaccination sites based on fine-scale population distributions and heterogeneous travel modes. A divide-and-conquer strategy is first presented to estimate the fine-scale populations in both urban and rural areas. A hybrid time distance considering heterogeneous travel modes and a population-weighted proximity indicator are then defined to evaluate spatial accessibility for each age group. The experimental results from Xiangtan, China, show that (1) the divide-and-conquer strategy can effectively predict the urban and rural populations. (2) Similar clustering patterns of spatial accessibility are observed for each age group. (3) Inequities have been confirmed at the county level. The main findings in this study can provide valuable information supporting the spatial optimization of existing COVID-19 vaccination sites.
Silver Nanoparticles Produced In Vitro by Berberis vulgaris Fruit and Their Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Ex Ovo Irritation Potential Study
Authors: Balážová Ľudmila , Bedlovičová Zdenka , Daneu Nina , Baláž Matej , Lukáčová Bujňáková Zdenka , Tkáčiková Ľudmila , Takáčová Martina , Jacková Adriána 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGreen synthesis was successfully used for silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) preparation using Berberis vulgaris aqueous extracts. The ultraviolet and visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, photon cross-correlation spectroscopy (PCCS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) techniques were used for characterization of the Ag NPs and confirmed the presence of Ag(0) in nanoparticles. The bimodal morphology was discovered, namely, the larger particles had elongated shape and size around 200 nm, while the smaller ones were spherical with a size of up to ten microns. All the nanoparticles (NPs) showed antioxidant activity against radical DPPH and ferric-reducing antioxidant power. The Ag NPs possess antibacterial effects against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus comparable to silver nitrate solution. In addition, also irritation potential of the produced Ag NPs has been investigated ex Ovo and no irritation of vessels and their surroundings was found, which shows the harmless character of the products.
Tight carbonate reservoir evaluation case study based on neural network assisted fracture identification and analytic hierarchy process
Authors: Zhang Jian-guo , Xia Yong , Zhao Chen-yang , He Yi-lin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractComprehensive evaluation of reservoirs is an important link in gas reservoir exploration and development. The evaluation of tight carbonate reservoirs often focuses on the characteristics of porosity and permeability, ignoring the important factor of fractures, also the quantitative evaluation of reservoirs is relatively few. It is difficult to identify fractures and evaluate the reservoir factors qualitatively and quantitatively. Herein, the sedimentary microfacies and microporosity of the tight carbonate reservoir of the Ma55 submember in the eastern Sulige area are comprehensively studied by casting thin section, rock physical property, and capillary pressure test data. The backpropagation (BP) neural network algorithm is used to identify and predict fractures. Finally, through the analytic hierarchy process, the above reservoir influencing factors are modeled and quantitatively analyzed for reservoir evaluation. The results show that the highest probability of fracture development in the central and northwest areas of the study area can reach 0.92. The accuracy of the BP neural network model in identifying cracks can reach 80%, which is reliable and effective compared with the conventional logging identification method. Reservoirs can be classified into four types according to their quality. The synthetic weights of porosity, permeability and fracture development probability are 0.2, 0.2 and 0.216 respectively, which are the three most important evaluation parameters. This study improves the accuracy of fracture identification and prediction of tight reservoirs in comprehensive reservoir evaluation, which provides guidance and scheme for more detailed exploration and development of tight carbonate reservoirs.
Toward a new paradigm of care: a surgical leaders’ Delphi consensus on the organizational factors of the new pancreas units (E-AHPBA PUECOF study)
Authors: Cobianchi Lorenzo , Dal Mas Francesca , Abu Hilal Mohammad , Adham Mustapha , Alfieri Sergio , Balzano Gianpaolo , Barauskas Giedrius , Bassi Claudio , Besselink Marc G. , Bockhorn Maximilian , Boggi Ugo , Conlon Kevin C. , Coppola Roberto , Dervenis Christos , Dokmak Safi , Falconi Massimo , Fusai Giuseppe Kito , Gumbs Andrew A. , Ivanecz Arpad , Memeo Riccardo , Radenković Dejan , Ramia Jose M. , Rangelova Elena , Salvia Roberto , Sauvanet Alain , Serrablo Alejandro , Siriwardena Ajith K. , Stättner Stefan , Strobel Oliver , Zerbi Alessandro , Malleo Giuseppe , Butturini Giovanni , Frigerio Isabella 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPancreas units represent new organizational models of care that are now at the center of the European debate. The PUECOF study, endorsed by the European–African Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association (E-AHPBA), aims to reach an expert consensus by enquiring surgical leaders about the Pancreas Units’ most relevant organizational factors, with 30 surgical leaders from 14 countries participating in the Delphi survey. Results underline that surgeons believe in the need to organize multidisciplinary meetings, nurture team leadership, and create metrics. Clinical professionals and patients are considered the most relevant stakeholders, while the debate is open when considering different subjects like industry leaders and patient associations. Non-technical skills such as ethics, teamwork, professionalism, and leadership are highly considered, with mentoring, clinical cases, and training as the most appreciated facilitating factors. Surgeons show trust in functional leaders, key performance indicators, and the facilitating role played by nurse navigators and case managers. Pancreas units have a high potential to improve patients' outcomes. While the pancreas unit model of care will not change the technical content of pancreatic surgery, it may bring surgeons several benefits, including more cases, professional development, easier coordination, less stress, and opportunities to create fruitful connections with research institutions and industry leaders.
Comparative assessment of food consumption, longevity, thermoregulation, and molecular health markers in mite-resistant and Italian honey bee stocks
Authors: Meikle William G. , Weiss Milagra , Adjaye Daniela , Ricigliano Vincent A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIdentifying traits for adaptation to different management and environmental regimes is key to maintaining robust honey bee populations under global climate change. We compared mite-resistant (Pol-line and Russian) and Italian honey bee stocks in variable-temperature cage experiments (200 bees per cage) with respect to food consumption, thermoregulation, gene expression, and lifespan, in 3 experiments over 2 years. The Italian stock bees consumed more syrup and pollen on average than the mite-resistant stocks, but the mite-resistant stocks maintained higher cluster temperatures and had median lifespans 8 days longer, consistent with the increased expression of vitellogenin relative to Italian stock. Model results indicated that, to maintain the same colony size as the mite-resistant stocks, Italian stock colonies would need about 13% more sealed brood to offset reduced worker lifespans. These differences among bee stocks likely influence colony-level productivity and health, and showed the importance of experimental replication.
Biocompatibility and acid resistance of preformed crowns in children: an in vitro study
Authors: Hogerheyde T. , Coates D. , Walsh L. , Zafar S. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the in vitro biocompatibility of human gingival fibroblasts with preformed paediatric crowns and resistance to acid exposure at levels that simulate the oral environment.

Methods
This laboratory study investigated primary HGFs viability, metabolic activity, cytotoxicity, and apoptotic events on preformed metal crown discs, composite resin-coated wells, and monolithic zirconia fragments at 24, 48, and 72 h using the ApoTox-Glo Triplex assay. The PPCs were also immersed in 0.1% lactic acid, 0.2% phosphoric acid, or 10% citric acid for 7 days at 37 °C to reproduce conditions associated with dietary intake or gastric reflux. Samples were then subject to inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry to quantitate the release of ions.

Results
The viability of HGFs on stainless steel and CR significantly declined at 48 and 72 h, representing potential cytotoxicity (p < 0.05). Cytotoxicity of HGFs was also higher for stainless steel and ZR compared to control (p < 0.05). PMCs and ZR crowns gave minimal ion release. Meanwhile, significant quantities of metallic ions, including copper (Cu), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn), were present in eluates from veneered-preformed metal crowns.

Conclusion
As PPCs can be exposed to highly acidic environments for many years, thus the release of metallic ions from V-PMCs should form the further investigation in future studies.
Rational Design of Cost-Effective Metal-Doped ZrO2 for Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zhang Yuefeng , Wang Tianyi , Mei Liang , Yang Ruijie , Guo Weiwei , Li Hao , Zeng Zhiyuan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe design of cost-effective electrocatalysts is an open challenging for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) due to the “stable-or-active” dilemma. Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2), a versatile and low-cost material that can be stable under OER operating conditions, exhibits inherently poor OER activity from experimental observations. Herein, we doped a series of metal elements to regulate the ZrO2 catalytic activity in OER via spin-polarized density functional theory calculations with van der Waals interactions. Microkinetic modeling as a function of the OER activity descriptor (GO*-GHO*) displays that 16 metal dopants enable to enhance OER activities over a thermodynamically stable ZrO2 surface, among which Fe and Rh (in the form of single-atom dopant) reach the volcano peak (i.e. the optimal activity of OER under the potential of interest), indicating excellent OER performance. Free energy diagram calculations, density of states, and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations further showed that Fe and Rh are the effective dopants for ZrO2, leading to low OER overpotential, high conductivity, and good stability. Considering cost-effectiveness, single-atom Fe doped ZrO2 emerged as the most promising catalyst for OER. This finding offers a valuable perspective and reference for experimental researchers to design cost-effective catalysts for the industrial-scale OER production.