bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moving from Data Poor to Data Rich: A Case Study of Community-Based Data Collection for the San Diego Red Sea Urchin Fishery
Authors: Schroeter Stephen C. , Gutiérrez Nicolás L. , Robinson Michael , Hilborn Ray , Halmay Peter 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Responding to the need for management of California's nearshore fisheries mandated in state law by the Marine Life Management and Marine Life Protection acts, the San Diego Watermen's Association (SDWA), which includes divers that target local red sea urchins Strongylocentrotus franciscanus, initiated a community-based data collection program in 2001. In collaboration with independent scientists and biologists from the California Department of Fish and Game, the SDWA developed an ongoing program to gather, organize, and analyze both fishery-dependent and fishery-independent data on the local red sea urchin fishery. The goal of the program is to collect data that will support periodical stock assessments needed for sustainable management of existing nearshore fisheries (including red sea urchins) as well as the kelp forest ecosystem on which these fisheries depend. Here, we discuss sampling designs, methods for determining data quality (bias and precision), and methods for detecting change, and we provide some examples of results from the ongoing community-based data collection program. We also report on (1) the design and implementation of scientifically valid sampling protocols; (2) data quality assurance and control collaboratively conducted with scientists and resource agency biologists; (3) calibration studies to determine accuracy and precision and the magnitude of detectable changes in red sea urchin populations; and (4) visualization and dissemination of data and results and incremental changes in protocols that would facilitate the monitoring of associated biological communities. Finally, we discuss keys for success in this cooperative-based data collection program and its implications for stock assessment and management of the red sea urchin fishery in California.
Reconciling Approaches to the Assessment and Management of Data-Poor Species and Fisheries with Australia's Harvest Strategy Policy
Authors: Smith David , Punt Andre , Dowling Natalie , Smith Anthony , Tuck Geoff , Knuckey Ian 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
There is an increasing expectation for decision makers to use robust scientific advice on the status of exploited fish stocks. For example, Australia has recently implemented a harvest strategy policy for federally managed fisheries based on limit and target biomass reference points. In common with most fisheries jurisdictions, however, Australia has many data-poor species and fisheries for which biomass estimates are unavailable. Consequently, the challenge for those tasked with providing management advice for Australian fisheries has been reconciling the need to achieve specific risk-related sustainability objectives with the reality of the available data and assessments for data-poor species and fisheries. Some general recommendations regarding how to achieve this balance are drawn using case studies from two multispecies trawl fisheries. The lack of data on which to base quantitative stock assessments using population dynamics models does not preclude the development of objective harvest control rules. Evaluation of harvest control rules using technical procedures (e.g., the management strategy evaluation approach) is ideal, but implementation before rigorous testing is sometimes a necessary reality. Information from data-rich species and fisheries can be used to inform “assessments” for data-poor species and thereby develop appropriate control rules. This can be done through formal methods, such as the “Robin Hood” approach (in which assessments from data-rich species are used to inform assessments of data-poor species), or less formally by grouping species into “baskets” and basing management decisions on one appropriate member of the group. Stakeholder knowledge and buy-in to the process of developing appropriate harvest strategies are essential when species or fisheries are data poor. Use of this information, however, needs to be constrained by policy decisions, such as prespecified performance standards. There will always be a trade-off between the cost of data collection and the value of a fishery; in this article, we highlight that this trade-off does not have to be a major impediment to the development of realistic and sufficiently precautionary control rules for the management of data-poor species and fisheries.
Collaborative Research: An Effective Way to Collect Data for Stock Assessments and Evaluate Marine Protected Areas in California
Authors: Wendt Dean E. , Starr Richard M. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Collaborative fisheries research (in contrast to cooperative research) is based on the intellectual partnership between scientists and fishermen and is an effective way to collect data for stock assessments and to evaluate marine protected areas. Collaborative fisheries research is discussed in the context of co-management of marine resources and how it contributes to a more democratic form of fisheries management. Many benefits result from working together, including (1) the incorporation of fishers' knowledge and expertise into the management process and (2) the development of shared perspectives derived through science-based investigations on the status of marine resources. The California Collaborative Fisheries Research Program was formed in 2006 to participate in the monitoring of marine reserves established through California's Marine Life Protection Act. This program has shown that it can serve as a model for other areas that are trying to implement collaborative research and that collaborative research can greatly contribute to the realization of community-based co-management of marine resources.
Independent Validation of the Accuracy of Yelloweye Rockfish Catch Estimates from the Canadian Groundfish Integration Pilot Project
Authors: Stanley Richard D. , Olsen Norm , Fedoruk Andrew 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
The British Columbia fishing industry and the Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada introduced 100% monitoring of the commercial groundfish hook-and-line and trap fisheries in April 2006. The monitoring system includes cameras to capture video footage of hauling at the vessel's side, Global Positioning System-linked winch sensors on all boats, 100% dockside monitoring of piece counts and weights, and 100% retention of all rockfishes Sebastes spp. The system provides official estimates of total catch in pieces and weight (retained and discarded) through the fisher logs and dockside monitoring. Using catches of yelloweye rockfish S. ruberrimus as a test case, this study examined the accuracy of catch estimates produced during the third year of the program (April 2008 to March 2009). The analysis indicates that the overall monitoring produces accurate catch estimates of yelloweye rockfish. A key, and possibly unique, component of the catch verification was the derivation of an alternate estimate of total catch. This estimate was derived from the data that result from the video review of randomly selected fishing events. This review process randomly selects 10% of the events from each trip and enumerates the catch of each species during the entire event. Originally designed as a random check on the veracity of the fisher logs, these review data were used in this study to provide an unbiased estimate of mean catch per event and its variance; mean catch per event was then expanded to total catch by the total number of events. Since these data come from video footage collected at the moment of capture, the video estimate cannot be corrupted by misreporting of discards or by dumping fish after being retained. Thus, the video data provide an unbiased and virtually independent catch estimate—rare in fisheries monitoring—that captures the extent to which the official catch accounting systems might be biased.
Early Two-Stage Palatoplasty Using Modified Furlow's Veloplasty
Authors: Juntaro Nishio , Tadashi Yamanishi , Kohara Hiroshi , Hirano Yoshiko , Sako Michiyo , Adachi Tadafumi , Mukai Takao , Miya Shigenori 
Published: January 2010

Objective To achieve sufficient velopharyngeal function and maxillary growth for patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), the authors have designed a new treatment protocol for palate closure involving early two-stage palatoplasty with modified Furlow veloplasty. Details of the surgical protocol and the outcomes of the dental occlusion of patients at 4 years of age are presented. Design and Setting This was an institutional retrospective study. Patients Seventy-two UCLP patients were divided into two groups based on their treatment protocols: patients treated using the early two-stage palatoplasty protocol (ETS group; n = 30) and patients treated using Wardill-Kilner push-back palatoplasty performed at 1 year of age (PB group; n = 42). Interventions The features of the ETS protocol are as follows: The soft palate is repaired at 12 months of age using a modified Furlow technique. The residual cleft in the hard palate is closed at 18 months of age. Lip repair is carried out at 3 months of age with a modified Millard technique for all subjects. Results The ETS group showed a significantly better occlusal condition than the PB group. The incidence of normal occlusion at the noncleft side central incisor was 7.1% in the PB group; whereas, it was 66.7% in the ETS group. Conclusion The results indicate that the early two-stage protocol is advantageous for UCLP children in attaining better dental occlusion at 4 years of age.
Orthodontie Treatment Results following Grafting Autologous Mandibular Bone to the Alveolar Cleft in Patients with a Complete Unilateral Cleft
Authors: de Ruiter Ad , van der Bilt Andries , Gert Meijer , Ronald Koole 
Published: January 2010

Objective To analyze orthodontic treatment results following mandibular symphysis bone grafting and postoperative orthodontic treatment. Design Randomized selection of 75 patients out of 308 with unilateral cleft of lip, alveolus, and palate, operated upon according to protocol between 1990 and 2008 in the Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Main Outcome Measure Goslon Yardstick rating changes of dental arch relationship. Significant agreement ( p < .001) was observed between the two assessments carried out with an interval of 3 months (Cohen's kappa = .963, p < .001). Results Following mandibular bone grafting and orthodontic treatment in 65.3% of the patients, the aim of treatment (Goslon Yardstick groups 1 and 2) had been achieved. The applied before/after Goslon allocations showed high improvement significance ( p < .001). Conclusions Postoperative orthodontic treatment in patients following grafting with mandibular symphysis bone showed excellent results.
Secondary Alveolar Bone Grafting (CLEFTSiS) 2000–2004
Authors: McIntyre Grant T. , Devlin Mark F. 
Published: January 2010

Objective To determine whether alveolar bone graft outcomes improved with reorganization of Scottish cleft services following the Clinical Services Advisory Group United Kingdom finding of 58% success and to determine the accuracy of results from CLEFTSiS (national managed clinical network for Scottish cleft services) annual audits. Design Retrospective random analysis of electronic radiographs by two observers. Setting Surgical-orthodontic care provided through National Health Service. Patients, Participants Sixty-three of 261 patients eligible for alveolar bone grafting by cleft type did not undergo surgery. Nine surgeons operated on 198 patients (2 regrafts). Radiographs were available for 115 subjects (one was excluded). Interventions A standard protocol involved presurgical maxillary expansion (where necessary) and bone harvesting from the iliac crest. Main Outcome Measure(s) The Kindelan Bone-Fill Index evaluated radiographic success with weighted kappa statistics for intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility. Two-sample t-tests were used to determine whether outcomes for bilateral and unilateral cleft lip and palate patients differed and to examine the effects of operator volume, presurgical expansion, and age at the time of grafting. Results Intraobserver (0.93 to 0.97) and interobserver (0.83 to 0.85) reproducibility were almost perfect. Grafts were successful in 76% of patients, while 23% were partial failures and 1% of cases were total failures. Patients who underwent presurgical expansion (n  =  64) had statistically significantly better results ( p  =  .046). However, there was no statistically significant effect for unilateral versus bilateral patients ( p  =  .77), patients treated by the highest volume operator ( p  =  .78), and patients under 11 years of age ( p  =  .29). Conclusions CLEFTSiS alveolar bone graft results between 2000 and 2004 were improved on the Clinical Services Advisory Group study and annual CLEFTSiS audits. Patients who underwent maxillary expansion prior to surgery were more successful.
Speech Results after One-Stage Palatoplasty with or without Muscle Reconstruction for Isolated Cleft Palate
Authors: Nyberg Jill , Westberg Liisi Raud , Neovius Erik , Larson Ola , Henningsson Gunilla 
Published: January 2010

Objective To investigate speech outcome between children with isolated cleft palate undergoing palatoplasty with and without muscle reconstruction and to compare speech outcomes between cleft and noncleft children. The number of subsequent velopharyngeal flaps was compared with respect to surgical techniques and cleft extent. Design Cross-sectional retrospective study. Participants One hundred four children aged 4 years, 0 months to 6 years, 0 months, 33 with isolated cleft of the soft palate, 53 with isolated cleft of the hard and soft palate, and 18 noncleft children. Interventions Two primary palate repair techniques: minimal incision technique (MIT) and minimal incision technique including muscle reconstruction (MITmr). Main Outcome Measures Perceptual judgment of seven speech parameters assessed on a five-point scale. Results No significant differences in speech outcomes were found between MIT and MITmr surgery groups. The number of velopharyngeal flaps was significantly lower after MITmr surgery compared to MIT surgery. The number of flaps was also significantly lower in children with cleft of the soft palate compared to children with cleft of the hard and soft palate. Children with cleft of the soft palate had significantly less glottal articulation and weak pressure consonants compared to children with cleft of the hard and soft palate. Conclusions The MITmr surgery technique was not significantly superior to the MIT technique regarding speech outcomes related to velopharyngeal competence, but had fewer velopharyngeal flaps, which is contradictory. Until a larger sample can be studied, we will continue to use MITmr for primary palate repair.
Photometric Evaluation of Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Patients after Primary Columella Lengthening
Authors: Meazzini Maria Costanza , Rossetti Giulia , Morabito Alberto , Garattini Giovanna , Brusati Roberto 
Published: January 2010

Objective To evaluate the results in terms of nasal esthetics of children with bilateral cleft lip and palate, operated with the Cutting primary columella lengthening technique, associated with Grayson orthopedic nasoalveolar molding, and to compare them with the nasal aspects of children with bilateral cleft lip and palate operated with a traditional approach and to an age-matched sample of normal Caucasian children. Design Normalized photogrammetry. Setting Regional Center for CLP, Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, San Paolo Hospital, Milan. Patients Three groups of patients 5 years of age. Cutting group: 18 patients treated with the Grayson-Cutting technique. Delaire group: 18 patients treated with the traditional Delaire technique. Normal children: 40 normal preschool children. Results With the Cutting-Grayson technique, the columella length, nasal tip angle, and protrusion are greatly improved compared with the previous protocol and are close to normal. On the other hand, the nasolabial angle and interalar distances are still excessively wide in both samples. Conclusions Although this is not a long-term study, at this time none of the patients operated with this technique have needed secondary columella lengthening. On the other hand, although certainly improved, the nasal anatomy obtained is far from normal.
Privacy Versus Public Health: The Impact of Current Confidentiality Rules
Authors: Wartenberg Daniel , Thompson W. Douglas 
Published: January 2010

Public health research and practice often have been facilitated through the evaluation and study of population-based data collected by local, state, and federal governments. However, recent concerns about identify theft, confidentiality, and patient privacy have led to increasingly restrictive policies on data access, often preventing researchers from using these valuable data. We believe that these restrictions, and the research impeded or precluded by their implementation and enforcement, have had a significant negative impact on important public health research. Members of the public health community should challenge these policies through their professional societies and by lobbying legislators and health officials to advocate for changes that establish a more appropriate balance between privacy concerns and the protection of public health.
Apple Trees to Sodium Glucose Co-Transporter Inhibitors: A Review of SGLT2 Inhibition
Authors: White John R. 
Published: January 2010

IN BRIEF
This article reviews the history of phlorizin, the role of the kidney in glucose regulation, and the modulation of that regulatory system via pharmacological means. It also offers a discussion of the results of clinical trials of the most salient sodium glucose co-transporter inhibitor to date: dapagliflozin.
Investigation of factors predicting disease among zoo birds exposed to avian mycobacteriosis
Authors: Witte Carmel L. , Hungerford Laura L. , Papendick Rebecca , Stalis Ilse H. , Rideout Bruce A. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Objective—To characterize infection patterns and identify factors associated with avian mycobacteriosis among zoo birds that were housed with infected enclosure mates.
Design—Matched case-control study.
Animals—79 birds with avian mycobacteriosis (cases) and 316 nondiseased birds (controls) of similar age and taxonomic group that were present in the bird collection of the Zoological Society of San Diego from 1991 through 2005.
Procedures—Inventory and necropsy records from all eligible, exposed birds (n = 2,413) were examined to determine disease incidence and prevalence in the exposed cohort. Cases were matched in a 1:4 ratio to randomly selected controls of similar age and taxonomic grouping. Risk factors for mycobacteriosis (demographic, temporal, enclosure, and exposure characteristics as well as translocation history) were evaluated with univariate and multivariable conditional logistic regression analyses.
Results—Disease prevalence and incidence were estimated at 3.5% and 8 cases/1,000 bird-years at risk, respectively. In the multivariable model, cases were more likely to have been imported into the collection, exposed to mycobacteriosis at a young age, exposed to the same bird species, and exposed in small enclosures than were controls. Odds for disease increased with an increasing amount of time spent with other disease-positive birds.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The low incidence of mycobacteriosis and the risk factors identified suggested that mycobacteria may not be easily transmitted through direct contact with infected enclosure mates. Identification of risk factors for avian mycobacteriosis will help guide future management of this disease in zoo bird populations.
Sharing Experiences of Illness and Effectiveness of Asthma Therapy in Children
Authors: Rainka Agata , Trzebiński Jerzy 
Published: January 2010

Sharing Experiences of Illness and Effectiveness of Asthma Therapy in Children
This research deals with relationships between openness and opportunities to share asthma experiences between an ill child and close family, and effectiveness of medical therapy of asthma. Subjects were 58 children, between the age of 12-14, from the allergic outpatient clinic with a diagnosed bronchial asthma and under pharmacological therapy. Each child answered questions on frequency and satisfaction with talking with parents, or other close family members, on his or her experiences related to asthma. A doctor conducting the therapy was asked to evaluate results of therapy, and intensity of the asthma, for each child. The data support the hypotheses that degree of sharing own asthma-related experiences with close persons correlates positively with effectiveness of therapy. This effect appears stronger among children with more severe asthma.
Interference Effect and Reading Skills in Children with Attention Disorders
Authors: Okuniewska Hanna 
Published: January 2010

Interference Effect and Reading Skills in Children with Attention DisordersAim of this study was to examine the performance on Polish experimental version of classical Stroop test in 36 ADHD-C children in comparison with 35 healthy children matched for age and IQ WISC-R. It was hypothesized that children with ADHD will exhibit diminished ability to control interference and will make more errors than their healthy counterparts. In contradictory with expectations, there was showed little if any evidence for specific deficit in interference control in this ADHD sample. A remarkable finding of this study was to demonstrate the developmental differences in reading skills in age range 8-11 years between typically developing children and ADHD group which displays a virtually no progress in reading automaticity and color naming speed over the period.
"Golden" Customers and "Bronze" Citizens in CEE Countries
Authors: Tõnnisson Kristiina 
Published: January 2010

"Golden" Customers and "Bronze" Citizens in CEE CountriesDuring the Soviet era, the word "citizen" was strongly connected to the existing state-controlled communist party system. "Citizenship" symbolized the ideal Soviet citizen with loyalty, duty and self-sacrifice to the existing order. The new word "customer" appeared together with democratization, freedom and market. Being customer was the realization of both democracy and the capitalist ideology.Customershipemerged as a concept distinct from citizenship, and it helped to fill the ideological vacuum in CEE countries. The centrality of consumerism and abandoned citizenship are aspects that might characterize the transformed former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe more than one might expect.
Human Body, Consciousness and Identity in the Mirror of Life Interviews with Female Coaches
Authors: Bodnár Ilona 
Published: January 2010

Human Body, Consciousness and Identity in the Mirror of Life Interviews with Female CoachesOne of the recurring themes when conducting life-interviews with women coaches is their confrontation with the fact that their physique does not correspond to the body-frame considered to be ideal in their respective sports disciplines. Since they can preserve their athletic identity only with the help of their physique, the course of their careers depends on the solution they find to this problem. The study presents this decision-making process using Luhmann's systems theory: as an environmental interaction between a neurophysiological (the body), a psychological (the identity of women coaches) and a social (sports) system. It looks upon this situation as a communication between female athletes and competitive sport as a social system, in which observation is accorded an outstanding role. Assuming the role of an observer, female athletes see the series of movements and solutions that their coach does not recognize. Instead of physical perfection, they develop the individual perfection of movement execution.