bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validity of self-reported weight and height in Austrian adults: sociodemographic determinants and consequences for the classification of BMI categories
Authors: Großschädl Franziska , Haditsch Bernd , Stronegger Willibald J 
Published: August 2011

AbstractObjectiveEpidemiological studies have shown that adults tend to underestimate their weight and overestimate their height. This may lead to a misclassification of their BMI in studies based on self-reported data. The aim of the present study was to assess the validity of self-reported weight and height in Austrian adults.DesignData on weight, height, health behaviour and sociodemographic characteristics of adults were collected in a standardized procedure via a self-filling questionnaire and a medical examination including measurements of weight and height.SettingA publicly accessible out-patient clinic in southern Austria.SubjectsAustrian residents (n473) aged 18 years and older who attended a health check participated in the study.ResultsThe mean difference between reported and measured BMI was not significant in younger adults (<35 years: mean difference −0·21 kg/m2;P< 0·08) but increased significantly with age (≥55 years: mean difference −0·68 kg/m2;P< 0·001). The prevalence of normal weight (BMI = 18·5–24·9 kg/m2) and overweight (BMI = 25·0–29·9 kg/m2) was overestimated based on the self-reported data on BMI, while that for underweight (BMI < 18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥ 30·0 kg/m2) was underestimated (P< 0·001). The self-reported data showed an obesity prevalence of 12·5 %, while measurement showed a prevalence of 15·4 % (P< 0·001).ConclusionsOur results indicate that prevalence rates of obesity are probably underestimated for Austrian adults when using self-reported weight and height information. The deviations from the measured data clearly increased with age. Analyses based on self-reported data should therefore be adjusted for the age dependency of the validity.
Is the objective food environment associated with perceptions of the food environment?
Authors: Williams Lauren K , Thornton Lukar , Ball Kylie , Crawford David 
Published: August 2011

AbstractObjectiveThe present study examined whether objective measures of the food environment are associated with perceptions of the food environment and whether this relationship varies by socio-economic disadvantage.DesignThe study is a cross-sectional analysis of self-report surveys and objective environment data. Women reported their perceptions on the nutrition environment. Participants’ homes and food stores were geocoded to measure the objective community nutrition environment. Data on the average price and variety of fruit and vegetables were used to measure the objective consumer nutrition environment.SettingThe study was conducted in Melbourne, Australia, in 2003–2004.SubjectsData presented are from a sample of 1393 women aged 18–65 years.ResultsOverall the match between the perceived and objective environment was poor, underscoring the limitations in using perceptions of the environment as a proxy for the objective environment. Socio-economic disadvantage had limited impact on the relationship between perceived and objective nutrition environment.ConclusionsFurther research is needed to understand the determinants of perceptions of the nutrition environment to enhance our understanding of the role of perceptions in nutrition choices and drivers of socio-economic inequalities in nutrition.
Changes in beverage consumption in Norwegian children from 2001 to 2008
Authors: Stea Tonje H , Øverby Nina C , Klepp Knut-Inge , Bere Elling 
Published: August 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo analyse (i) differences in beverage pattern among Norwegian children in 2001 and 2008; (ii) beverage intake related to gender, parental education and family composition; and (iii) potential disparities in time trends among the different groups.DesignWithin the Fruits and Vegetables Make the Marks (FVMM) project, 6th and 7th grade pupils filled in a questionnaire about frequency of beverage intake (times/week) in 2001 and 2008.SettingTwenty-seven elementary schools in two Norwegian counties.SubjectsIn 2001 a total of 1488 and in 2008 1339 pupils participated.ResultsBetween 2001 and 2008, a decreased consumption frequency of juice (from 3·6 to 3·4 times/week, P = 0·012), lemonade (from 4·8 to 2·5 times/week, P < 0·001) and regular soft drinks (from 2·7 to 1·6 times/week, P < 0·001), but an increased consumption frequency of diet soft drinks (from 1·2 to 1·6 times/week, P < 0·001), were observed. From 2001 to 2008, boys increased their frequency of juice consumption (from 3·1 to 3·3 times/week) whereas girls decreased their frequency of juice consumption (3·8 to 3·4 times/week; interaction time × gender P = 0·02). Children with higher educated parents increased their frequency of juice consumption (3·6 to 3·8 times/week) whereas those with lower educated parents decreased their frequency of juice consumption (3·3 to 3·0 times/week; interaction time × parental education P = 0·04).ConclusionA lower frequency of consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages was observed among pupils in 2008 than in 2001. This is in accordance with the Norwegian health authority's goals and strategies for this time period, and is an important step to improve the dietary health of adolescents.
Ecological impact of wheat and spelt production under industrial and alternative farming systems
Authors: Bavec Martina , Narodoslawsky Michael , Bavec Franc , Turinek Matjaž 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe Industrial Revolution and intensification of agriculture have, in some cases, led to economic activities that profoundly influenced the ecosystem to the point where environmental stability and geographic political security are jeopardized. The uncertainty about oil reserves, rising energy prices and the threat of harmful climate change effects has intensified the search for alternative farming systems that reduce negative environmental impact. This study reports the ecological impact of conventional (CON), integrated (INT), organic (ORG) and biodynamic (BD) farming systems calculated from data collected in a field trial at Maribor, Slovenia, and interpreted using the SPIonExcel tool. This tool is a member of the ecological footprint family and describes the area necessary to embed a human activity sustainably into the ecosphere. Three-year results show a markedly reduced ecological footprint of the ORG and BD systems in production of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ‘Antonius’) and spelt (Triticum spelta L. ‘Ebners rotkorn’), mainly due to the absence of external production factors. When yields were also considered, the ORG and BD systems again had a reduced overall footprint per product unit and increased ecological efficiency of production. Thus, ORG and BD farming systems present viable alternatives for reducing the impact of agriculture on environmental degradation and climate change. Nevertheless, room for improvement exists in the area of machinery use in all systems studied and yield improvement in the ORG farming system.
Global-scale wreath-building dynamos in stellar convection zones
Authors: Brown Benjamin P. , Browning Matthew K. , Brun Allan Sacha , Miesch Mark S. , Toomre Juri 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWhen stars like our Sun are young they rotate rapidly and are very magnetically active. We explore dynamo action in rapidly rotating suns with the 3-D MHD anelastic spherical harmonic (ASH) code. The magnetic fields built in these dynamos are organized on global-scales into wreath-like structures that span the convection zone. Wreath-building dynamos can undergo quasi-cyclic reversals of polarity and such behavior is common in the parameter space we have been able to explore. These dynamos do not appear to require tachoclines to achieve their spatial or temporal organization. Wreath-building dynamos are present to some degree at all rotation rates, but are most evident in the more rapidly rotating simulations.
KPG 390: A pair of trailing spirals.
Authors: Repetto P. , Rosado M. , Gabbasov R. , Fuentes-Carrera I. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn this study we present scanning Fabry-Perot Hα observations of the isolated interacting galaxy pair NGC 5278/79. We derived velocity fields, various kinematic parameters and rotation curves for both galaxies. These kinematical results together with the fact that dust lanes have been detected in both galaxies, as well as the analysis of surface brightness profiles along the minor axis, allowed us to determine univocally that both components of the interacting pair are trailing spirals. We have also estimated the mass of NGC 5278 fitting its rotation curve with a disk-halo component. We have tested three different types of halo (pseudo-isothermal, Hernquist and Navarro Frenk White) and we have obtained that the rotation curve can be fitted either with a pseudo-isothermal, an Hernquist halo or a Navarro Frenk White halo component, although in the first case the amount of dark matter required is about ten times smaller than for the other two halo distributions.
Large Dynamic Range Simulations of Galaxies Hosting Supermassive Black Holes
Authors: Levine Robyn 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe co-evolution of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and their host galaxies is a rich problem, spanning a large-dynamic range and depending on many physical processes. Simulating the transport of gas and angular momentum from super-galactic scales all the way down to the outer edge of the black hole's accretion disk requires sophisticated numerical techniques with extensive treatment of baryonic physics. We use a hydrodynamic adaptive mesh refinement simulation to follow the growth and evolution of a typical disk galaxy hosting an SMBH, in a cosmological context (covering a dynamical range of 10 million!). We have adopted a piecemeal approach, focusing our attention on the gas dynamics in the central few hundred parsecs of the simulated galaxy (with boundary conditions provided by the larger cosmological simulation), and beginning with a simplified picture (no mergers or feedback). In this scenario, we find that the circumnuclear disk remains marginally stable against catastrophic fragmentation, allowing stochastic fueling of gas into the vicinity of the SMBH. I will discuss the successes and the limitations of these simulations, and their future direction.
Simulations of stellar convection, pulsation and semiconvection
Authors: Muthsam Herbert J. , Kupka Friedrich , Mundprecht Eva , Zaussinger Florian , Grimm-Strele Hannes , Happenhofer Natalie 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe report on modelling in stellar astrophysics with the ANTARES code. First, we describe properties of turbulence in solar granulation as seen in high-resolution calculations. Then, we turn to the first 2D model of pulsation-convection interaction in a cepheid. We discuss properties of the outer and the HeII ionization zone. Thirdly, we report on our work regarding models of semiconvection in the context of stellar physics.
MHD relaxation of fossil magnetic fields in stellar interiors
Authors: Mathis Stéphane , Duez Vincent , Braithwaite Jonathan 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe understanding of fossil fields origin, topology, and stability is one of the corner stones of the stellar magnetism theory. On one hand, since they survive on secular time scales, they may modify the structure and the evolution of their host stars. On the other hand, they must have a complex stable structure since it has been demonstrated that the simplest purely poloidal or toroidal fields are unstable on dynamical time scales. In this context, the only stable stellar configurations found today are those resulting from numerical simulations by Braithwaite and collaborators who studied the evolution of an initial stochastic magnetic field, which relaxes with a selective decay of magnetic helicity and energy, on mixed stable configurations (poloidal and toroidal) that seem to be in equilibrium and then diffuse. In this talk, we report the semi-analytical investigation of such an equilibrium field in the axisymmetric case. We use variational methods, which describe selective decay of magnetic helicity and energy during MHD relaxation, and we identify a supplementary invariant due to the stable stratification of stellar radiation zones. This leads to states that generalize force-free Taylor's relaxation states studied in plasma laboratory experiments that become non force-free in the stellar case. Moreover, astrophysical applications are presented and the stability of obtained configurations is studied.
Can short time delays influence the variability of the solar cycle?
Authors: Jouve Laurène , Proctor Michael R. E. , Lesur Geoffroy 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe present the effects of introducing results of 3D MHD simulations of buoyant magnetic fields in the solar convection zone in 2D mean-field Babcock-Leighton models. In particular, we take into account the time delay introduced by the rise time of the toroidal structures from the base of the convection zone to the solar surface. We find that the delays produce large temporal modulation of the cycle amplitude even when strong and thus rapidly rising flux tubes are considered. The study of a reduced model reveals that aperiodic modulations of the solar cycle appear after a sequence of period doubling bifurcations typical of non-linear systems. We also discuss the memory of such systems and the conclusions which may be drawn concerning the actual solar cycle variability.
Ocean time-series reveals recurring seasonal patterns of virioplankton dynamics in the northwestern Sargasso Sea
Authors: Parsons Rachel J , Breitbart Mya , Lomas Michael W , Carlson Craig A 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
There are an estimated 1030 virioplankton in the world oceans, the majority of which are phages (viruses that infect bacteria). Marine phages encompass enormous genetic diversity, affect biogeochemical cycling of elements, and partially control aspects of prokaryotic production and diversity. Despite their importance, there is a paucity of data describing virioplankton distributions over time and depth in oceanic systems. A decade of high-resolution time-series data collected from the upper 300 m in the northwestern Sargasso Sea revealed recurring temporal and vertical patterns of virioplankton abundance in unprecedented detail. An annual virioplankton maximum developed between 60 and 100 m during periods of summer stratification and eroded during winter convective mixing. The timing and vertical positioning of this seasonal pattern was related to variability in water column stability and the dynamics of specific picophytoplankton and heterotrophic bacterioplankton lineages. Between 60 and 100 m, virioplankton abundance was negatively correlated to the dominant heterotrophic bacterioplankton lineage SAR11, as well as the less abundant picophytoplankton, Synechococcus. In contrast, virioplankton abundance was positively correlated to the dominant picophytoplankton lineage Prochlorococcus, and the less abundant alpha-proteobacteria, Rhodobacteraceae. Seasonally, virioplankton abundances were highly synchronous with Prochlorococcus distributions and the virioplankton to Prochlorococcus ratio remained remarkably constant during periods of water column stratification. The data suggest that a significant fraction of viruses in the mid-euphotic zone of the subtropical gyres may be cyanophages and patterns in their abundance are largely determined by Prochlorococcus dynamics in response to water column stability. This high-resolution, decadal survey of virioplankton abundance provides insight into the possible controls of virioplankton dynamics in the open ocean.
Bacteriocyte-associated gammaproteobacterial symbionts of the Adelges nordmannianae/piceae complex (Hemiptera: Adelgidae)
Authors: Toenshoff Elena R , Penz Thomas , Narzt Thomas , Collingro Astrid , Schmitz-Esser Stephan , Pfeiffer Stefan , Klepal Waltraud , Wagner Michael , Weinmaier Thomas , Rattei Thomas , Horn Matthias 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Adelgids (Insecta: Hemiptera: Adelgidae) are known as severe pests of various conifers in North America, Canada, Europe and Asia. Here, we present the first molecular identification of bacteriocyte-associated symbionts in these plant sap-sucking insects. Three geographically distant populations of members of the Adelges nordmannianae/piceae complex, identified based on coI and ef1alpha gene sequences, were investigated. Electron and light microscopy revealed two morphologically different endosymbionts, coccoid or polymorphic, which are located in distinct bacteriocytes. Phylogenetic analyses of their 16S and 23S rRNA gene sequences assigned both symbionts to novel lineages within the Gammaproteobacteria sharing &lt;92% 16S rRNA sequence similarity with each other and showing no close relationship with known symbionts of insects. Their identity and intracellular location were confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization, and the names ‘Candidatus Steffania adelgidicola’ and ‘Candidatus Ecksteinia adelgidicola’ are proposed for tentative classification. Both symbionts were present in all individuals of all investigated populations and in different adelgid life stages including eggs, suggesting vertical transmission from mother to offspring. An 85 kb genome fragment of ‘Candidatus S. adelgidicola’ was reconstructed based on a metagenomic library created from purified symbionts. Genomic features including the frequency of pseudogenes, the average length of intergenic regions and the presence of several genes which are absent in other long-term obligate symbionts, suggested that ‘Candidatus S. adelgidicola’ is an evolutionarily young bacteriocyte-associated symbiont, which has been acquired after diversification of adelgids from their aphid sister group.
An additional step in the transmission of Yersinia pestis?
Authors: Easterday W Ryan , Kausrud Kyrre L , Star Bastiaan , Heier Lise , Haley Bradd J , Ageyev Vladimir , Colwell Rita R , Stenseth Nils Chr 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Plague, caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, is a mammalian vector-borne disease, transmitted by fleas that serve as the vector between rodent hosts. For many pathogens, including Y. pestis, there are strong evolutionary pressures that lead to a reduction in ‘useless genes’, with only those retained that reflect function in the specific environment inhabited by the pathogen. Genetic traits critical for survival and transmission between two environments, the rodent and the flea, are conserved in epizootic/epidemic plague strains. However, there are genes that remain conserved for which no function in the flea–rodent cycle has yet been observed, indicating an additional environment may exist in the transmission cycle of plague. Here, we present evidence for highly conserved genes that suggests a role in the persistence of Y. pestis after death of its host. Furthermore, maintenance of these genes points to Y. pestis traversing a post-mortem path between, and possibly within, epizootic periods and offering insight into mechanisms that may allow Y. pestis an alternative route of transmission in the natural environment.
Non-cyclic algebras with 𝑛-central elements
Authors: Matzri Eliyah , Rowen Louis , Vishne Uzi 
Published: August 2011

We construct, for any prime

p
p

, a non-cyclic central simple algebra of degree

p
2

p^2

with

p
2

p^2

-central elements. This construction answers a problem of Peter Roquette.
The Relationship between Food Assistance and Health: A Review of the Literature and Empirical Strategies for Identifying Program Effects
Authors: Meyerhoefer Chad D. , Yang Muzhe 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThere is a large and growing body of literature on the impact of food assistance programs on body weight and health. We review this literature in the context of an economic model of consumption and time allocations in order to elucidate the multiple pathways between food assistance and health. We then present a general empirical framework for comparing and contrasting different identification strategies, some of which have been used to evaluate food assistance programs, from the treatment effects literature. In addition to discussing the most widely used methods, we highlight recent advances that may be of interest to food assistance researchers.
Automatic detection of changes in the dynamics of delayed stochastic gene networks and in vivo production of RNA molecules in Escherichia coli
Authors: Mäkelä Jarno , Huttunen Heikki , Kandhavelu Meenakshisundaram , Yli-Harja Olli , Ribeiro Andre S. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Motivation: Production and degradation of RNA and proteins are stochastic processes, difficulting the distinction between spurious fluctuations in their numbers and changes in the dynamics of a genetic circuit. An accurate method of change detection is key to analyze plasticity and robustness of stochastic genetic circuits.
Results: We use automatic change point detection methods to detect non-spurious changes in the dynamics of delayed stochastic models of gene networks at run time. We test the methods in detecting changes in mean and noise of protein numbers, and in the switching frequency of a genetic switch. We also detect changes, following genes' silencing, in the dynamics of a model of the core gene regulatory network of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with 328 genes. Finally, from images, we determine when RNA molecules tagged with fluorescent proteins are first produced in Escherichia coli. Provided prior knowledge on the time scale of the changes, the methods detect them accurately and are robust to fluctuations in protein and RNA levels.
Availability: Simulator: www.cs.tut.fi/~sanchesr/SGN/SGNSim.html
Contact: andre.ribeiro@tut.fi
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Comparison of acute and chronic impact of adaptive servo‐ventilation on left chamber geometry and function in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Haruki Nobuhiko , Takeuchi Masaaki , Kaku Kyoko , Yoshitani Hidetoshi , Kuwaki Hiroshi , Tamura Masahito , Abe Haruhiko , Okazaki Masahiro , Tsutsumi Akizumi , Otsuji Yutaka 
Published: August 2011

AimsThe aim of this study was to determine differences in the acute and chronic impact of adaptive servo‐ventilation (ASV) on left chamber geometry and function in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF).Methods and resultsAn acute ASV study was performed to measure echocardiographic parameters before and 30 min after the initiation of ASV therapy in 30 CHF patients (mean age: 69 years, 23 male). The chronic effects of ASV therapy were also evaluated in 26 of these 30 patients over a mean follow‐up period of 24 weeks. Patients were divided into two groups according to the status of ASV therapy [ASV group (n= 15) and withdrawal group (n= 11)]. In the acute study, heart rate and blood pressure were significantly decreased 30 min after the ASV therapy compared with baseline. Stroke volume and cardiac output were significantly increased in conjunction with a reduction in systemic vascular resistance. Multivariate regression analysis revealed baseline E/e′ to be an independent predictor for absolute increase in cardiac output. In the chronic study, a significant reduction of left ventricular (LV)/left atrial (LA) volumes and the severity of mitral regurgitation (MR), and improved LV diastolic function parameters were noted in the ASV group. These beneficial effects were not observed in the withdrawal group.ConclusionThe acute beneficial impact of ASV is mainly associated with the reduction of afterload resulting in an increase in stroke volume and cardiac output. In contrast, chronic ASV therapy produces LV and LA reverse remodelling resulting in an improvement in LV function and the severity of MR in patients with CHF.