bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bayesian modelling and ensemble reconstruction of mid‐scale spatial variability in North Atlantic sea‐surface temperatures for 1850–2008
Authors: Karspeck Alicia R. , Kaplan Alexey , Sain Stephan R. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractExisting historical records of sea‐surface temperature extending back to the mid‐1800s are a valuable source of information about climate variability on interannual and decadal time‐scales. However, the temporal and spatial irregularity of these data make them difficult to use in climate research, where gridded and complete data fields are expected for both statistical analysis and forcing numerical models.Infilling methods based on constraining the solution to the linear space spanned by the leading eigenvectors of the global‐scale covariance, otherwise known as reduced‐space methods, have proven very successful in creating gridded estimates of sea‐surface temperature. These methods are especially useful for infilling the vast regions of unobserved ocean typical of the earliest segments of the data record. Regional variability, on the other hand, is not well represented by these methods, especially in data‐poor regions. Here we present a method for augmenting the established large‐scale reconstruction methods with a statistical model of the mid‐scale variability. Using high quality sea‐surface temperature data from the last 30 years including satellite‐derived records, we specify a spatially non‐stationary, anisotropic covariance model for the mid‐scale sea‐surface temperature variability. With the parameters of the covariance model estimated from the modern record, historical observations are used for conditioning the posterior distribution. Specifically, we form the expected value and correlated uncertainty of the mid‐scales as well as generating samples from the posterior.While this work focuses on a limited domain in the midlatitude North Atlantic Ocean, the method employed here can be extended to global reconstructions. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Coupled cluster and DFT calculations of 14N nuclear quadrupole coupling constants
Authors: Brzyska Agnieszka , Jaszuński Michał 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe dependence of 14N quadrupole coupling constants calculated using coupled cluster theory on the level of approximation is examined for a series of small molecules. For HCN, HNC, CH3CN, and CH3NC, we use the coupled cluster singles‐and‐doubles with a noniterative perturbative triples correction—CCSD(T)—approach, and we analyze the basis set dependence of the results. For aziridine, diazirine, and cyclopropyl cyanide, we use the CCSD(T) approach, but smaller basis sets, and for the largest studied molecules—quinuclidine and hexamine—we present CCSD results. The differences between computed and experimental values for the best basis sets used are ≈ 5% at the CCSD level and decrease noticeably at the CCSD(T) level. The ‐ N≡C bonds are an exception—in this case the quadrupole coupling constants are very small, hence the differences between theory and experiment become larger (up to 9%). We also consider the performance of density functional theory, comparing the results for different density functionals with the coupled cluster values of the same constants. Most of the functionals provide results systematically improved with respect to the Hartree–Fock values, with 14N coupling constants in ‐ N≡C bonds being again an exception. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Theoretical study of disubstituted pyrrolopyrimidines as focal adhesion kinase inhibitors
Authors: de Oliveira Daniel Augusto Barra , de Oliveira Neto Marçal , Martins João B. L. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAn in silico molecular modeling study of selected 7H‐pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidines with FAK inhibitory activities was performed. Rigid docking of each inhibitor at the FAK catalytic site was employed to obtain the most appropriate starting structures, followed by molecular mechanics‐based energy minimizations associated with molecular dynamics at the FAK binding site using the AMBER force field. Theoretical values of interaction energies obtained from the geometry optimization calculations for the protein‐inhibitor complexes were compared with published IC50 values for FAK and showed a reasonable correlation. Based on these results and in view of the geometry of the most potent inhibitors, two new molecular structures were designed as possible FAK inhibitors and submitted to the same theoretical procedures. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Codon usage roles in human papillomavirus
Authors: Zhao Kong‐Nan , Chen Jiezhong 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYHuman papillomavirus (HPV) genomes, similar to other virus genomes, frequently have a G + C content significantly different from their host species. The HPV genomes show a strong codon usage bias to 18 codons, with 14 showing T at the third position amongst degenerately encoded amino acids. The codon usage pattern in HPV genome plays an important role, which regulates low or non‐translational expression of the viral capsid genes and results in very weak protein expression of oncogenes in a wide range of mammalian cells. Codon modification has been proved to be a powerful technology to overcome the translational blockage and weak expression of both HPV capsid genes and oncogenes in different expression systems. Furthermore, keratinocytes are the host cells of HPV infection; the codon usage in HPV capsid genes matches available aminoacyl‐tRNAs in differentiated keratinocytes to modulate their protein expression. HPV DNA vaccines with codon optimization have been shown to have higher immunogenicity and induce both strong cellular and humoral responses in animal models, which may be a promising form of therapeutic HPV vaccines. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Properly coloured copies and rainbow copies of large graphs with small maximum degree
Authors: Böttcher Julia , Kohayakawa Yoshiharu , Procacci Aldo 
Published: September 2011

AbstractLet G be a graph on n vertices with maximum degree Δ. We use the Lovász local lemma to show the following two results about colourings χ of the edges of the complete graph Kn. If for each vertex v of Kn the colouring χ assigns each colour to at most (n ‐ 2)/(22.4Δ2) edges emanating from v, then there is a copy of G in Kn which is properly edge‐coloured by χ. This improves on a result of Alon, Jiang, Miller, and Pritikin [Random Struct. Algorithms 23(4), 409–433, 2003]. On the other hand, if χ assigns each colour to at most n/(51Δ2) edges of Kn, then there is a copy of G in Kn such that each edge of G receives a different colour from χ. This proves a conjecture of Frieze and Krivelevich [Electron. J. Comb. 15(1), R59, 2008].Our proofs rely on a framework developed by Lu and Székely [Electron. J. Comb. 14(1), R63, 2007] for applying the local lemma to random injections. In order to improve the constants in our results we use a version of the local lemma due to Bissacot, Fernández, Procacci, and Scoppola [preprint, arXiv:0910.1824]. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 40, 425–436, 2012
Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticle–Hollow Titanium Phosphate Sphere Hybrid as a Label for Ultrasensitive Electrochemical Detection of Human Interleukin‐6
Authors: Peng Juan , Feng Li‐Na , Ren Zhong‐Jie , Jiang Li‐Ping , Zhu Jun‐Jie 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA silver nanoparticle–hollow titanium phosphate sphere (AgNP–TiP) hybrid is successfully synthesized and used as a label for electrochemical detection of human interleukin‐6 (IL‐6). Hollow TiP spheres with a diameter of 430 nm and an average thickness of 40 nm are synthesized by a template approach. The AgNPs are incorporated in situ into the TiP shell via an exchange process. The as‐prepared AgNP–TiP hybrid shows outstanding biocompatibility, good dispersity and solubility in water, and high silver loading properties (289.2 mg of silver in 1.0 g of TiP). These advantages make the AgNP–TiP hybrid an effective candidate as an amplification label in immunoassay systems. Herein, the as‐prepared AgNP–TiP hybrid is attached to a signal antibody (Ab2) to produce Ab2–AgNP–TiP labels in the fabrication of an electrochemical immunosensor. The nanoparticle‐based amplification labels, upon coupling with a magnetic sensing array, give rise to an extremely sensitive response to IL‐6 in a linear range of 0.0005–10 ng mL−1 with a detection limit of 0.1 pg mL−1. The proposed sensor exhibits high specificity, good reproducibility, and long‐term stability, and may be a promising technique for protein and DNA detection.
Innovative Membran‐Stadiondächer in Kiew, Warschau und Vancouver
Authors: Cremers Jan , Grunwald Gregor 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWährend früher oft unter freiem Himmel gespielt wurde, haben die meisten Stadien heutzutage mindestens überdachte Ränge. Dies ist nicht nur Ausdruck eines gesteigerten Komfortbedürfnisses der Zuschauer, sondern eine zentrale Forderung der FIFA für Austragungsorte von internationalen Sportereignissen. Neben dem Witterungsschutz stehen hier vor allem die Lichtverhältnisse im Inneren im Mittelpunkt des Interesses – es geht um die Wachstumsbedingungen für den Rasen, um eine Reduktion des Aggressionspotenzials, aber vor allem um möglichst hochwertige Fernsehbilder: Stützenfreiheit und gleichmäßige Ausleuchtung mit begrenzten Kontrasten. Hier kommt ein zentraler Vorteil von biegeweichen Membranwerkstoffen zum Tragen: Transluzenz, zumeist mit hohem diffusen Anteil.Innovative membrane stadia roofs in Kiev, Warsaw and Vancouver. Due to improved comfort levels and FIFA requirements, most new or rebuilt stadia in the world have their seats covered by a roof. This protection against weathering also significantly influences the indoor light situation. Adequate natural light levels are an important condition for the lawn to grow but also reduce visitor’s aggression potential and – of most importance – are the key to high quality television images in connection with a column‐free space. Here, membrane materials show their key advantages: very large column‐free span width and very even and low‐contrast light distribution through highly diffusing translucent textiles and foils.
Wandscheibentragfähigkeit von Sandwichelementen
Authors: Lange Jörg , Berner Klaus , Hörnel‐Metzger Beate 
Published: September 2011

AbstractFür Gebäude aus tragenden Sandwichelementen ohne Unterkonstruktion ist zunächst zu klären, ob die Paneele geeignet sind, angreifende Horizontallasten als aussteifende Scheiben in den Baugrund abzuleiten. Dazu wurden Versuche zur Wandscheibentragfähigkeit von Sandwichelementen durchgeführt. Neben Einzelelementen wurden Scheiben aus zwei bzw. drei Sandwichpaneelen untersucht. Die Beanspruchbarkeiten sind insbesondere abhängig von Anzahl und Anordnung der Schrauben am Fußpunkt. Horizontallasten, in der Größenordnung wie sie in kleinen und mittleren Gebäuden auftreten [2], können problemlos aufgenommen werden.Racking strength and stiffness of sandwich wall panels. For small buildings consisting of supporting sandwich panels without load‐bearing substructure it needs to be clarified first whether the panels are suitable to transfer horizontal loads in the plane of the wall to the foundation. For this purpose wall racking tests on sandwich elements were performed. Both single panels and two or three panel configurations were tested. Wall performance was mainly dependent on the number and the arrangement of screw fixings at the base rail of the panel. Horizontal loads, in a magnitude as they occur on small and medium‐sized buildings, can be borne easily.
Tragfähigkeit von Sandwichelementen mit profilierten Deckschichten und Öffnungen
Authors: Rädel Felicitas , Lange Jörg 
Published: September 2011

AbstractSandwichelemente mit profilierten Deckschichten werden üblicherweise als Dacheindeckung eingesetzt. Um gebäudetechnische und architektonische Anforderungen zu erfüllen, ist es notwendig Öffnungen in die Dachebene einzubringen. Im vorliegenden Aufsatz werden experimentelle und numerische Untersuchungen zur Tragfähigkeit von Sandwichelementen mit profilierten Deckschichten und Öffnungen vorgestellt. Aufbauend darauf werden Berechnungsansätze für die verbleibenden Traglasten des Restquerschnittes angegeben.Load bearing capacity of sandwich panels with profiled faces and openings. Sandwich panels with profiled faces are usually used as roof covering. Due to different requirements it is necessary to cut openings into the roofing. In this paper experimental and numerical investigations of sandwich panels with profiled faces and openings are presented. As result, calculation models for the load bearing capacity of the effective cross section are given.
The impact of sourdough addition to frozen stored wheat‐flour rolls on glycemic response in human volunteers
Authors: Borczak Barbara , Sikora Elżbieta , Sikora Marek , Van Haesendonck Ingrid 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the effect of sourdough addition to partially baked and frozen (PBF) wheat rolls on the glycemic index (GI). The study was performed on healthy humans (n = 15). The volunteers were asked to attend six times in the early morning, over 3 weeks. Each human tested four types of wheat rolls – two without sourdough addition: (i) fully baked, non‐frozen (FBNF); (ii) PBF; and two with the addition of 3% dehydrated sourdough: (iii) FBNF (FBNF + S), (iv) PBF (PBF + S). Glucose solution was used as a reference food and tested twice. Blood glucose concentrations were measured before consumption, as well as at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min after the start of the meal. In the study, the addition of 3% dehydrated sourdough to fresh and frozen wheat rolls resulted in a significant decrease in the glycemic response, by 24% – FBNF + S (GI = 63 ± 7) and PBF + S (GI = 43 ± 4) – compared to the samples without sourdough: FBNF (GI = 87 ± 11), PBF (GI = 67 ± 3) (p ≤ 0.05). Both factors (freezing and sourdough), applied to the wheat rolls at the same time, statistically significantly reduced the GI, by 44% (p ≤ 0.05). The results of the study show that sourdough supplementation separately and sourdough supplementation combined with frozen storage of white wheat rolls have a significant impact on the glycemic response.
Control of a wind farm with an internal direct current collection grid
Authors: Max Lena , Thiringer Torbjörn , Carlson Ola 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTFor a high‐voltage, direct current connected wind farm, an internal direct current (DC) collection grid is a possible further development that can reduce the weight of the transformers significantly, with average losses for the DC system of 3%. For the internal DC grid, the DC/DC converters control the power flow and thereby also the voltages. In this paper, the control of the DC/DC converters in the wind farm is investigated in detail. The control strategy is presented, and suitable time constants are chosen depending on the switching frequency of the converters. Also, the required capacitor size to keep the voltage variations within 5% of the rated value in the case without communication within the wind farm is derived. It is shown that the control is stable and can handle faults on the external grid without any communication within the wind farm. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of lightning current parameters suitable for wind turbine overvoltage protection analysis
Authors: Sarajcev Petar , Goic Ranko 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTA selection procedure for determining the lightning current parameters, suitable for wind turbine overvoltage protection analysis, will be presented in this paper. It will be based on the mathematical model that accounts for the wind turbine geometry, keraunic level, statistical distribution of lightning current parameters and correlation between statistical variables defining lightning current waveshape. Theoretical analysis will be backed up by the most recent propositions of parameters that define statistical distributions and thereafter applied on the concrete wind turbine example. Subsequently, obtained results would provide insight into the selection procedure for the lightning current parameters (i.e., amplitude, front duration, wave duration and polarity), associated with lightning stroke incidence to wind turbines. Emphases will be given to the modern new‐generation wind turbines. This selection procedure could be subsequently applied in the analysis (and design) of the wind turbine and wind farm overvoltage protection, with emphasis on the so‐called back‐surge phenomenon. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic algorithms for clustering and fuzzy clustering
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Sanghamitra 
Published: September 2011

AbstractClustering has been an area of intensive research for several decades because of its multifaceted applications in innumerable domains. Clustering can be either Boolean, where a single data point belongs to exactly one cluster, or fuzzy, where a single data point can have nonzero belongingness to more than one cluster. Traditionally, optimization of some well‐defined objective function has been the standard approach in both clustering and fuzzy clustering. Hence, researchers have investigated the utility of evolutionary computing and related techniques in this regard. The different approaches differ in their choice of the objective function and/or the optimization strategy used. In particular, clustering using genetic algorithms (GAs) has attracted attention of researchers, and has been studied extensively. This paper presents a short review of some of different approaches of GA‐based clustering methods. Two techniques, one with fixed number of clusters and another with a variable number of fuzzy clusters, are described along with some experimental results on numerical as well as image data sets. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2011 1 524–531 DOI: 10.1002/widm.47This article is categorized under:

Algorithmic Development > Structure Discovery
Technologies > Structure Discovery and Clustering
Tetraethylene Glycol Adducts of Alkaline Earth Halides
Authors: Gschwind Fabienne , Fromm Katharina M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAbstract. Reaction of commercially available tetraethylene glycol with different alkaline earth metal halides affords tetraethylene glycol complexes with different coordination numbers at the metal ion and structural features; depending on the ionic radius of the metal ion, one or two ligand molecules will be coordinated to the metal ion. In this article we will first present complexes with Mg2+([Mg(C8H18O5)(H2O)2]Cl·I) (1), Ca2+([Ca(C8H18O5)·3H2O]Cl2 (2), [Ca(C8H18O5)(H2O)2]I2 (3), [Ca(C8H18O5)(H2O)3]I2·H2O (4), ([Ca(C8H18O5)(H2O)3]Cl·I) (5),Sr2+ ([Sr(C8H18O5)(H2O)4]Cl2 (6), [Sr(C8H18O5)2]I2·CHCl3) (7) and Ba2+ ([Ba(C8H18O5)2]I2) (8). Secondly we will show preliminary tests for the combustion of some selected compounds and their thermal decomposition behavior. Furthermore, selected compounds were evaporated by MOCVD (metal organic chemical vapor deposition) to evaluate their capacity as future single source precursors for oxide materials.
Synthesis, Structure, and Surface Photoelectric Properties of Two Novel Cobalt(II) Complexes
Authors: Shi Zhong‐Feng , Li Jia‐Ming , Li Lei , Niu Shu‐Yun 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAbstract. Two novel cobalt(II) complexes {[Co2(Hdcbp)4(H2O)2]n·7n(H2O)(1) and [Co(Q)2(CH3OH)2] (2) (H2dcbp = 2,2′‐bipyridyl‐4,4′‐dicarboxylic acid, HQ = quinoline‐2‐carboxylic acid) were synthesized by hydrothermal methods and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, IR, UV/Vis, and surface photovoltage spectroscopy (SPS). Structural analysis indicated that complex 1 has a 1D chain structure which is further extended to a 3D supramolecular architecture by hydrogen bonds. Complex 2 is a mononuclear complex, which is further extended to a 2D supramolecular architecture by hydrogen bonds. The SPS of complexes 1 and 2 indicate that there are positive response bands in the range of 300–600 nm, which show different levels of photoelectric conversion properties. The intensity, position in SPS are obviously different since the structure, coordinated environment of the centered metals are different. There are good relationships between SPS and UV/Vis spectra.
Between Sin and Salvation: The Seventeenth-Century Dutch Artisan Pieter Plockhoy and His Ethics of Work
Authors: Looijesteijn Henk 
Published: September 2011

SummaryThere have been few attempts systematically to study the ethics of work in the early modern age on the basis of contemporary sources. Such a study should start with case studies of individual thinkers, as stepping stones to a more comprehensive study of the ethics of work. This article provides such a case study, of the seventeenth-century Dutch artisan Pieter Plockhoy (c.1620–1664). As will be shown, work was a central component of Plockhoy's philosophy of true, practical Christianity, and on the basis of his tracts a more or less coherent ethics of work can be reconstructed. Although this article concentrates on Plockhoy's philosophy of labour, his thought fits into a broader context of related contemporary thinkers, many of whom shared his concerns. Thus the article shows that for scholars wishing to study the ethics of work there is still a whole field which, though yielding a potentially rich harvest, lies fallow.
‘I wasn't angry, because I couldn't believe it was happening’: Affect and discourse in responses to 9/11
Authors: SOLOMON TY 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWhile the recent interest in affects and emotions in world politics is encouraging, the crucial relationships between affect, emotion, and discourse have remained largely under-examined. This article offers a framework for understanding the relations between affect and discourse by drawing upon the theories of Jacques Lacan. Lacan conceptualises affect as an experience which lies beyond the realm of discourse, yet nevertheless has an effect upon discourse. Emotion results when affects are articulated within discourse as recognisable signifiers. In addition, Lacanian theory conceptualises affect and discourse as overlapping yet not as coextensive, allowing analyses to theoretically distinguish between discourses which become sites of affective investment for audiences and those that do not. Thus, analysing the mutual infusion of affect and discourse can shed light on why some discourses are more politically efficacious than others. The empirical import of these ideas is offered in an analysis of American affective reactions to 11 September 2001.
Design and analysis of a 3-DOF spherical parallel manipulator – CORRECTED VERSION
Authors: Zhang Dan , Zhang Fan 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYIn this paper, we propose a unique, 3 degree-of-freedom (DOF) parallel wrist. Specifically, an over-constrained spherical 3-DOF parallel mechanism is presented and the modified structure, which avoids the redundant constraints, is also introduced.