bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intakes of Alcohol and Folate During Adolescence and Risk of Proliferative Benign Breast Disease
Authors: Liu Ying , Tamimi Rulla M. , Berkey Catherine S. , Willett Walter C. , Collins Laura C. , Schnitt Stuart J. , Connolly James L. , Colditz Graham A. 
Published: April 2012

OBJECTIVES:
To examine the combined effect of alcohol and folate intake during adolescence on the risk of proliferative benign breast disease (BBD).

METHODS:
We used data from 29 117 women in the Nurses’ Health Study II who completed both adolescent alcohol consumption questions in 1989 and an adolescent diet questionnaire in 1998. A total of 659 women with proliferative BBD diagnosed between 1991 and 2001 were confirmed by central pathology review. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusted for established risk factors of breast cancer.

RESULTS:
Adolescent alcohol consumption was dose-dependently associated with an increased risk of proliferative BBD (hazard ratio = 1.15 per 10 g/day consumption; 95% CI, 1.03–1.28). There was no significant association between adolescent folate intake and the risk of proliferative BBD. Stratified analyses showed that each 10-g/day alcohol intake during adolescence was associated with a 21% (95% CI, 1.01–1.45) increase in the risk of proliferative BBD among women with low folate intake during adolescence, which was not significantly different from the alcohol-associated risk among women with moderate and high folate intake during adolescence (P for interaction = 0.18).

CONCLUSIONS:
Adolescent alcohol consumption is associated with increased risk of proliferative BBD, which may not be reduced by increased folate intake during adolescence.
Dose-Ranging Effects of Canagliflozin, a Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor, as Add-On to Metformin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Rosenstock Julio , Aggarwal Naresh , Polidori David , Zhao Yue , Arbit Deborah , Usiskin Keith , Capuano George , Canovatchel William ,   for the Canagliflozin DIA 2001 Study Group
Published: April 2012

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effects of canagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, in type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multicenter, dose-ranging study in 451 subjects randomized to canagliflozin 50, 100, 200, or 300 mg once daily (QD) or 300 mg twice daily (BID), sitagliptin 100 mg QD, or placebo. Primary end point was change in A1C from baseline through week 12. Secondary end points included change in fasting plasma glucose (FPG), body weight, and overnight urinary glucose-to-creatinine ratio. Safety and tolerability were also assessed.

RESULTS
Canagliflozin was associated with significant reductions in A1C from baseline (7.6–8.0%) to week 12: −0.79, −0.76, −0.70, −0.92, and −0.95% for canagliflozin 50, 100, 200, 300 mg QD and 300 mg BID, respectively, versus −0.22% for placebo (all P &lt; 0.001) and −0.74% for sitagliptin. FPG was reduced by −16 to −27 mg/dL, and body weight was reduced by −2.3 to −3.4%, with significant increases in urinary glucose-to-creatinine ratio. Adverse events were transient, mild to moderate, and balanced across arms except for a non–dose-dependent increase in symptomatic genital infections with canagliflozin (3–8%) versus placebo and sitagliptin (2%). Urinary tract infections were reported without dose dependency in 3–9% of canagliflozin, 6% of placebo, and 2% of sitagliptin arms. Overall incidence of hypoglycemia was low.

CONCLUSIONS
Canagliflozin added onto metformin significantly improved glycemic control in type 2 diabetes and was associated with low incidence of hypoglycemia and significant weight loss. The safety/tolerability profile of canagliflozin was favorable except for increased frequency of genital infections in females.
Elliptic K3 surfaces as dynamical models and their Hamiltonian monodromy
Authors: Tarama Daisuke 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This note deals with Lagrangian fibrations of elliptic K3 surfaces and the associated Hamiltonian monodromy. The fibration is constructed through the Weierstraß normal form of elliptic surfaces. There is given an example of K3 dynamical models with the identity monodromy matrix around 12 elementary singular loci.
Prevalence of intestinal parasites in children from minority group with low hygienic standards in Slovakia
Authors: Rudohradská P. , Halánová M. , Ravaszová P. , Goldová M. , Valenčáková A. , Halán M. , Papajová I. , Pohorencová A. , Valko J. , Čisláková L. , Juriš P. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The number of parasites followed the rapid growing of human population worldwide, not only in developing but also in developed countries. Many of them are diagnosed in children and adolescents. The occurrence of selected intestinal endoparasites in children coming from areas with low hygienic and socioeconomic status was studied. Out of 81 faecal samples examined, 46 (56.8 %) were positive for presence of intestinal parasites. From helminths, Ascaris lumbricoides was found to be the leading parasite (24.7 %), followed by Trichuris trichiura (17.3 %). Tapeworm Taenia spp. eggs were detected in 4.9 % of examined children. From protozoan parasites Cryptosporidium spp. was observed in 36 children (44.4 %) and Giardia intestinalis in 20 children (24.7 %). The occurrence of these epidemiologically low risky parasites in Roma children population suggests low hygienic standard in the Roma settlements.
Redescription of Echinuria hypognatha Wehr, 1937 (Nematoda; Acuariidae) including ecology and new hosts
Authors: Kavetska K. , Stapf A. , Królaczyk K. , Kalisińska E. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Reports on the presence of Echinuria hypognatha Wehr, 1937 in Europe have so far provided only general information, and therefore we present further morphometric and ecological characteristics of this parasite. In this study, the examined nematodes were isolated from the digestive tract of 1 005 wild ducks, representing 17 species from the northwestern Poland. The anatomical features of the parasite were in principle consistent with the description of the species by its discoverer and reports in the available literature. Nematodes (505 individuals) were found in 2.5 % of the examined ducks, in five species wintering in Poland: Clangula hyemalis, Melanitta nigra, M. fusca, Mergellus albellus and Aythya fuligula. The exclusive locations of the nematode were the glands in the proventriculus. The highest incidence was recorded in Melanitta ducks, and the presence of this nematode only in birds wintering in Poland indicates that E. hypognatha is brought to Poland by birds migrating from the areas of Eastern Siberia.
Unilatus unilatus Mizelle & Kritsky, 1967 (Monogenea, Ancyrocephalinae) in Hypostomus spp. (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) from the Chavantes reservoir, São Paulo State, Brazil
Authors: Zica É. , Abdallah V. , Azevedo R. , Wunderlich A. , Carvalho E. , Silva R. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
In this paper, the occurrence and new morphological data of Unilatus unilatus Mizelle et Kritsky, 1967 from the gills of Hypostomus strigaticeps (Regan, 1907), Hypostomus
regani (Ihering, 1905), and Hypostomus iheringii (Regan, 1908) from the Chavantes reservoir, São Paulo State, Brazil are reported. Unilatus unilatus from this reservoir presents differences in relation to the holotype previously described such as, eggs with no bifid or trifid filament and a rounded termination, anterior bar slightly curved with a posterior projection, and posterior bar which may present three shapes. This is the first record of U. unilatus in southeastern Brazil outside the Amazon River Basin, with H. strigaticeps, H. regani and H. iheringii as new hosts.
Pratylenchus neglectus (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae) under the rhizosphere of Brassica napus
Authors: Kumari S. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Soil samples under the rhizosphere of Brasicca napus were collected from three localities (Bílé Podolí, Prague, Kylešovice). Two localities Prague and Kylešovice were positive for the presence of Pratylenchus neglectus. The species was identified using morphological features and the morphological identification was verified by using published species-specific primers and by sequencing 18S and 28S genes of ribosomal DNA.
The pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, in Madeira Island
Authors: Fonseca L. , Cardoso J. , Lopes A. , Pestana M. , Abreu F. , Nunes N. , Mota M. , Abrantes I. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The environmental conditions in Madeira Island are favorable for the presence and dissemination of the pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Five hundred Pinus pinaster wood samples were collected in several forest areas and PWN was detected in 22.8 % of the samples. Bursaphelenchus xylophilus isolates from Madeira Island displayed the species-specific diagnostic characters. A morphological variation in the female tail terminus was detected. In most females, the tail presented a broadly rounded terminus and, occasionally, a digitate terminus with a terminal nipple-like extension resembling a mucro. PCR ITS-RFLP analysis revealed that Madeira Island isolates exhibited patterns specific to the species B. xylophilus and similar to virulent isolates. Amplified ITS regions were further sequenced and no genetic diversity was found for this genomic region among 17 Portuguese isolates (Madeira Island and Continental Portugal). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Portuguese isolates grouped with isolates from China, Korea and one isolate from Japan.
First record of Longidorus danuvii Barsi, Lamberti and De Luca, 2007 (Nematoda: Longidoridae) from Poland with description of pathologies of the lip region and reproductive system
Authors: Kornobis F. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Up to date, fourteen species of the genus Longidorus have been recorded from Poland. During a recent survey, L. danuvii Barsi, Lamberti and De Luca, 2007 was found for the first time. It is also the first record outside Serbia, from where it was described. Among normal females two pathological specimens were found: one bivulval with abnormal structure of the genital tract and one with deformated lip region. Description of both normal and pathological females is provided. Normal females are similar to populations from Serbia, the main difference is shorter tail in population from Poland (41.6 vs 46.4 and 46.5) and lower c′ value (1.60 vs 1.70 and 1.85).
Structure of the cephalic end and eggs of female Cithariniella khalili Petter, Vassiliadès et Troncy, 1972 (Nematoda: Pharyngodonidae), a parasite of African fishes
Authors: Mašová Š. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the female surface morphological characteristics of the mouth opening (lips and such adjacent structures as amphids, papillae and chitinous ribbed flaps), caudal area (vulva, anus), and eggs with filaments on poles of the pharyngodonid species Cithariniella khalili Petter, Vassiliadès et Troncy, 1972, obtained from Synodontis frontosa Vaillant at Lake Turkana in north-western Kenya.
Subconjunctival infestation with Setaria
Authors: Ţălu S. , Ştefănuţ A. , Mihalca A. , Coroiu Z. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Most cases of human subconjunctival infestations with nematodes described in the literature belong to the genus Dirofilaria. This is a report of subconjunctival setariasis in a 65 years old man, diagnosed 2 years after a travel to Singapore. The parasite was removed immediately from the subconjunctival space and the patient was administered topical antibiotic and anti-inflammatory eye drops. The complete remission of symptoms and signs was noted. The parasite was identified on optical microscopy as belonging to the genus Setaria. The life cycle of the parasite and the accidental human contamination are described. The presence of a moving worm under the human conjunctiva is a rare condition that requires urgent action, in order to prevent its migration into less accessible locations. Since the human subject is a dead-end host who does not allow the multiplication of the parasite, its surgical removal is the only cure.
Experimental analysis of the hydrodynamics of a three-phase system in a vessel with two impellers
Authors: Kiełbus-Rąpała Anna , Karcz Joanna 
Published: April 2012

AbstractResults of experimental analysis concerning gas hold-up and average residence time of gas bubbles in a three-phase gas-solid-liquid system produced in a baffled, double-impeller vessel are presented. Measurements were carried out in a vessel with the internal diameter of 0.288 m. Two different double-impeller configurations were used for agitation: Rushton turbine (lower) — A 315 (upper) and Rushton turbine (lower) — HE 3 (upper). Upper impellers differed in the fluid pumping mode. Coalescing and non-coalescing systems were tested. Liquid phases were distilled water (coalescing system) and aqueous solutions of NaCl (non-coalescing systems). The ability of gas bubbles to coalesce in the liquid was described using parameter Y. Dispersed phases were air and particles of sea sand. The experiments were conducted at seven different gas flow rates and two particle loadings. Effects of the ability of gas bubbles to coalesce (liquid phase properties), operating parameters (superficial gas velocity, impeller speed, solids loadings), and of the type of the impeller configuration on the investigated parameters were determined. The results were approximated mathematically. For both impeller configurations tested, significantly higher gas hold-up values were obtained in the non-coalescing gas-solid-liquid systems compared to the coalescing one. Out of the tested impeller systems, the RT-A 315 configuration proved to have better performance ensuring good gas dispersion in the liquid in the three-phase systems.
Fuzzy Control of a Log Carrying Robot on Tree-Filled Steep-Sloping Terrains
Authors: Beranek Richard , Morbi Aliasgar , Ahmadi Mojtaba 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
A modular robotic system and its fuzzy logic based controller are proposed for use in logging operations in forest environments with steep slopes. The Log-Carrying Robot (LCR) concept is composed of two modular wheeled robotic agents with individual wheel steering that connect to the ends of a log to a form a centrally controlled robot. A fuzzy controller specifies the desired direction of travel using four factors: the presence of obstacles, boundaries limiting the robot’s travel space, the heading of the goal position relative to the robot, and the slope of the terrain. The capabilities of the proposed controller are demonstrated in simulation using a rectangular robot with four individually actuated and steered wheels. Results indicate that the controller successfully steers the robot towards the goal position while avoiding obstacles using only eleven fuzzy rules. Additionally, the simple rules are shown to be effective at automatically compensating for sloped terrain by avoiding direct travel down hills, as well as adapting for various robot lengths.
Improvement in design of noise shaping filters
Authors: Ćirić Dejan , Marković Miloš , Stojić Branko 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Addition of dither before the quantization (or requantization) linearizes the quantization characteristic for signals of low levels. However, the dither addition increases overall noise, which is uniformly distributed within the whole frequency range. By transposing a part of that energy into frequency regions where a human ear is less sensitive, the present noise can become less audible. Therefore, noise shaping is incorporated in the quantization (requantization). A noise shaping filter can be designed by applying suitable weighting functions that represent audibility to low level noise. The filter’s power spectral density should approximate the inverse of the audibility curve. In that way, perceived signal to noise ratio becomes higher. In this paper, some aspects of the noise shaping filter design are analyzed, and an improvement of the design procedure is proposed. The improvement is related to better matching of the filter’s power spectral density to the corresponding target curve. The results obtained by the proposed procedure are verified by listening tests.
Effects of germanium addition to copper phthalocyanine/fullerene-based solar cells
Authors: Oku Takeo , Kumada Kazuma , Suzuki Atsushi , Kikuchi Kenji 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Copper phthalocyanine/fullerene-based solar cells were fabricated, and the electronic and optical properties were investigated. Effects of germanium addition to the solar cells were also investigated, which resulted in increase of power conversion efficiencies of the solar cells. Nanostructures of the solar cells were investigated by transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction, which indicated formation of Ge compound nanoparticles in the copper phthalocyanine layers. Energy levels of the solar cells were discussed from the present analysis data.
A critical review of propulsion concepts for modern airships
Authors: Ilieva Galina , Páscoa José , Dumas Antonio , Trancossi Michele 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
After a few decades in which airships have been depromoted to the level of being only considered as a mere curiosity they seem now to reappear. The main reasons for this are related to the recent progress in technology of materials, aerodynamics, energy and propulsion. Airships are also presenting themselves as green friendly air vehicles, in particular if solar powered airships are considered. Their ability to remain aloft for long time periods have also expanded the range of mission profiles for which they are suited. Herein we have concentrated on a critical overview of propulsion mechanisms for airships. These include a detailed overview of past, present, and future enabling technologies for airship propulsion. Diverse concepts are revisited and the link between the airship geometry and flight mechanics is made for diverse propulsion system mechanisms.
The future of complexity engineering
Authors: Frei Regina , Marzo Serugendo Giovanna 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Complexity Engineering encompasses a set of approaches to engineering systems which are typically composed of various interacting entities often exhibiting self-* behaviours and emergence. The engineer or designer uses methods that benefit from the findings of complexity science and often considerably differ from the classical engineering approach of “divide and conquer”.
This article provides an overview on some very interdisciplinary and innovative research areas and projects in the field of Complexity Engineering, including synthetic biology, chemistry, artificial life, self-healing materials and others. It then classifies the presented work according to five types of nature-inspired technology, namely: (1) using technology to understand nature, (2) nature-inspiration for technology, (3) using technology on natural systems, (4) using biotechnology methods in software engineering, and (5) using technology to model nature. Finally, future trends in Complexity Engineering are indicated and related risks are discussed.
Lunar surface exploration using mobile robots
Authors: Nishida Shin-Ichiro , Wakabayashi Sachiko 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
A lunar exploration architecture study is being carried out by space agencies. JAXA is carrying out research and development of a mobile robot (rover) to be deployed on the lunar surface for exploration and outpost construction. The main target areas for outpost construction and lunar exploration are mountainous zones. The moon’s surface is covered by regolith. Achieving a steady traversal of such irregular terrain constitutes the major technical problem for rovers. A newly developed lightweight crawler mechanism can effectively traverse such irregular terrain because of its low contact force with the ground.
This fact was determined on the basis of the mass and expected payload of the rover. This paper describes a plan for Japanese lunar surface exploration using mobile robots, and presents the results of testing and analysis needed in their development. This paper also gives an overview of the lunar exploration robot to be deployed in the SELENE follow-on mission, and the composition of its mobility, navigation, and control systems.
Microstructure and mechanical behavior of cast Ti-6Al-4V with addition of boron
Authors: Pederson Robert , Gaddam Raghuveer , Antti Marta-Lena 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The effect of boron (between 0.06 and 0.11 wt%) on the microstructure, hardness and compression properties of cast Ti-6Al-4V was investigated. Compression properties were examined in the temperature range from room temperature to 1000°C. It was found that the addition of boron refines the as-cast microstructure in terms of prior beta grain size and alpha colony size. This microstructural refinement led to an increase in compressive yield strength from room temperature up to 700°C. Three different strain rates (0.001, 0.1 and 1 s−1) were evaluated during compression testing from which it was found that the compressive yield strength decreased with decreasing strain rate from 600°C up to the beta transus temperature.
The method of assessment of the grinding wheel cutting ability in the plunge grinding
Authors: Nadolny Krzysztof 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This article presents the method of comparative assessment of the grinding wheel cutting ability in the plunge grinding kinematics. A new method has been developed to facilitate multicriterial assessment of the working conditions of the abrasive grains and the bond bridges, as well as the wear mechanisms of the GWAS, which occur during the grinding process, with simultaneous limitation of the workshop tests range. The work hereby describes the methodology of assessment of the grinding wheel cutting ability in a short grinding test that lasts for 3 seconds, for example, with a specially shaped grinding wheel, in plunge grinding. The grinding wheel macrogeometry modification applied in the developed method consists in forming a cone or a few zones of various diameters on its surface in the dressing cut. It presents an exemplary application of two variants of the method in the internal cylindrical plunge grinding, in 100Cr6 steel. Grinding wheels with microcrystalline corundum grains and ceramic bond underwent assessment. Analysis of the registered machining results showed greater efficacy of the method of cutting using a grinding wheel with zones of various diameters. The method allows for comparative tests upon different grinding wheels, with various grinding parameters and different machined materials.