bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increase in circulating CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells in patients with Philadelphia-negative chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms during treatment with IFN-α
Authors: Riley Caroline Hasselbalch , Jensen Morten Krogh , Brimnes Marie Klinge , Hasselbalch Hans Carl , Bjerrum Ole Weis , Straten Per thor , Svane Inge Marie 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Recent reports have described complete or major molecular remission in patients with polycythemia vera after long-term treatment with the immunomodulatory agent IFN-α2. Accordingly, there are reasons to believe that the immune system is a key player in eradicating the JAK2 mutated clone in these patients. Foxp3+ regulatory T cells play a pivotal role in maintaining immune homeostasis and, importantly, preventing immune reactivity to self-antigens; however, their suppressive activity can compromise an effective antitumor immune response, and high frequencies of regulatory T cells in peripheral blood have been reported in both hematologic and solid cancers. We have analyzed the number, phenotype, and function of circulating CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells in patients with chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms. Surprisingly, we found a marked expansion of this subset of lymphocytes in patients treated with IFN-α2 (13.0%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 10.8% to 15.2%) compared with healthy donors (6.1%; 95% CI 4.9% to 7.2%), patients with untreated chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (6.9%; 95% CI 5.8% to 7.4%), or patients treated with hydroxyurea (5.8%; 95% CI 4.3% to 7.4%; P < .0001).
Density Functional Theory Studies on Chemical Functionalization of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Bingel Reaction
Authors: Umeyama Tomokazu , Fueno Hiroyuki , Kawabata Eisuke , Kobayashi Yoshikazu , Tanaka Kazuyoshi , Tezuka Noriyasu , Matano Yoshihiro , Imahori Hiroshi 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Theoretical investigations on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) functionalized by Bingel reaction were conducted using finite-length models based on density functional theory. The electronic structures of the adduct with Type 1 configuration, where the circumferential C–C bonds in sidewall are reacted with a malonate anion, are largely retained after the functionalization owing to the sidewall opening at the C–C bond between the bridgehead carbons. In contrast, Type 2 configurations, where the axial C–C bonds are the reaction sites, cause significant change in the electronic structures. Taking into account the experimental results that the electronic properties of SWNTs are largely maintained, Type 1 configurations are formed selectively. In addition, calculations on energies of transition states, intermediates, and products suggest that Type 1 geometry is thermodynamically favorable but kinetically unfavorable compared to Type 2. This indicates the occurrence of isomerization from Type 2 to Type 1 after the Bingel reaction, attaining both of the preservation of electronic structure and the improvement of solubility with the high concentration of the addend group.
Hybridization of Photoactive Titania Nanoparticles with Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles and Investigation of Their Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Suzuki Norihiro , Jiang Xiangfen , Radhakrishnan Logudurai , Takai Kimiko , Shimasaki Kotaro , Huang Yu-Tzu , Miyamoto Nobuyoshi , Yamauchi Yusuke 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Here we demonstrate that photoactive titania (titanium dioxide) nanoparticles are successfully hybridized with an optimized amount of mesoporous silica (silicon dioxide) nanoparticles to realize drastic improvement of photocatalitic activity of the titania nanoparticles. Various types of mesoporous silica/titania composites are prepared by changing the amounts of doped mesoporous silica. Low-angle XRD patterns and N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms reveal that the original mesostructures and pore sizes of mesoporous silica nanoparticles are well maintained even after hybridization with the titania nanoparticles. From SEM and TEM observation, it is confirmed that both the nanoparticles are homogeneously dispersed in the composite matrix. The obtained mesoporous silica/titania composites show excellent photocatalytic activity in the decomposition of methylene blue (MB), in comparison with titania nanoparticles without mesoporous silica. By hybridization with mesoporous silica, the photogenerated radicals from titania surfaces can efficiently react with many MB molecules captured inside the mesopores.
α-Tocopherols from the Formosan Soft Coral Lobophytum crassum
Authors: Cheng Shi-Yie , Lin Shih-Tseng , Wang Shang-Kwei , Duh Chang-Yih 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
In our screening of marine organisms for bioactive metabolites we have obtained two new α-tocopherols, designated as crassumtocopherols A (1) and B (2), from the Formosan soft coral Lobophytum crassum. The structures of 1 and 2 were determined on the basis of comprehensive NMR and HR-ESI-MS analyses. The cytotoxicity of 1, 2, natural vitamin E, and synthetic vitamin E against cancer cell lines and antiviral activity against human cytomegalovirus were evaluated in vitro. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against P-388 (mouse lymphocytic leukemia) cell lines with IC50 of 3.2 and 2.7 µg mL−1, respectively. In addition, compound 2 also displayed moderate cytotoxicity against HT-29 (human colon adenocarcinoma) with an IC50 of 3.9 µg mL−1. However, natural vitamin E and synthetic vitamin E were not cytotoxic to the selected cancer cell lines and the results for inhibition of antiviral activity against human cytomegalovirus are all negative at a concentration of 1 µg mL−1.
Clustering and Octet Rule Violation Impact on Band Gap Bowing: Ab Initio Calculation of the Electronic Properties of (GaAs)1−x(Ge2)x Alloys
Authors: Kawai Hiroki , Giorgi Giacomo , Yamashita Koichi 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
The asymmetry of (GaAs)1−x(Ge2)x band gap bowing, as a function of Ge concentration, is investigated by ab initio calculations. We show that the nature of the chemical bonds violating the octet rule in such alloys is affected by the local geometry: the switching of the cluster type between Ge to GaAs domain at Ge concentration of about 0.3 plays a fundamental role in the final asymmetry.
Fluorescent Dye Probe for Monitoring Local Viscosity of Confined Liquids
Authors: Fukushi Daisuke , Kasuya Motohiro , Sakuma Hiroshi , Kurihara Kazue 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
A fluorescence lifetime measurement was performed for monitoring the viscosity of a confined liquid (glycerol) film between mica surfaces using a cyanine dye, Cy1, as a viscosity probe at various film thicknesses. The fluorescence decay curve consisted of two components, i.e., one attributed to the Cy1 in the central part of the liquid between the surfaces and another to the Cy1 adsorbed on the surfaces. The increased lifetime of the former indicated the increase in the viscosity of the confined liquid.
Chemically Responsive Supramolecular Structural Change of Pillar[5]arene Nanotubes
Authors: Aoki Takamichi , Ogoshi Tomoki , Yamagishi Tada-aki 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
We prepared organo-nanotubes from pillar[5]arene molecules via intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the molecules. In the absence of guest molecules, formation of the nanotubes was observed simply by heating a solution of pillar[5]arene in a suitable solvent. In contrast, formation of the nanotubes did not occur in the presence of guest molecules.
Lithium Ion Conduction in Silatrane Matrices
Authors: Mizumo Tomonobu , Fujita Risa , Ohno Hiroyuki , Ohshita Joji 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Alkoxysilatranes, pentavalent neutral organosilicon compounds, and lithium salts formed amorphous complexes which show ionic conductivity above 10−5 S cm−1 at room temperature and good thermal stability above 300 °C.
John functions for o-minimal domains
Authors: Fischer Andreas 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
A John function is a continuously differentiable function whose gradient is bounded by the reciprocal of the Euclidean distance to the boundary of the domain. Here we construct John functions whose gradient norms have positive lower bounds and whose domain is a definable set of an o-minimal structure. We prove their definability and give explicit estimates for a number of John functions required for a given set to obtain uniform positive lower bounds.
Qualitative evaluation of the Secondary 3 Training Program of the Project P.A.T.H.S. in Hong Kong
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. , Chan Chitat 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
A total of 907 participants from 31 training workshops joined a 3-day training program of the P.A.T.H.S. Project (Secondary 3 Program) in Hong Kong. At the end of a training workshop, participants were invited to respond to a questionnaire assessing what they had learned and experienced in the training workshop, with 31 structured items and two open-ended questions. Qualitative analyses of the participants’ responses to the two open-ended questions showed that the participants generally had positive evaluation of the instructors, intervention program, and the training program, although some suggestions for improvements were noted. In conjunction with the quantitative evaluation findings and the previous evaluation findings, the present study provides support for the effectiveness of the training program for Secondary 3 Program for the potential program implementers.
Implementation of the Project P.A.T.H.S. in Hong Kong: observations based on the Co-Walker Scheme
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. , Ng Catalina S.M. , Toh Louis P.F. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
The implementation quality of the Tier 1 Program (Secondary 1 Program) of the Project P.A.T.H.S. in the third year of the Full Implementation Phase was examined in this study, with classroom observations of 233 units in 157 schools. Results demonstrated that the overall level of program adherence was generally high with an average of 72.96%. A total of 13 aspects regarding program delivery were significantly correlated. Multiple regression analyses indicated that overall implementation quality was significantly predicted by student participation and involvement, classroom control, use of positive and supportive feedback, degree of achievement of the objectives, and time management. Student participation and involvement, classroom control, degree of achievement of the objectives, and time management were significant predictors of success of implementation.
Asthma and quality of life in adolescents in Manisa, Turkey
Authors: Altıparmak Saliha , Altıparmak Osman , Yıldırım Sarı Hatice 
Published: June 2011

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of asthma and the association between asthma and quality of life in sixth, seventh, and eighth graders in the city of Manisa.

Method: The population of this cross-sectional study includes the sixth, seventh, and eighth grades of primary schools located in the city of Manisa (n=59, 135). The study sample included 763 students from nine schools with different socioeconomic features selected by the Directorate of National Education. Data were collected under the supervision of the researcher with a socio-demographic questionnaire, International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire and Kiddo-KINDL, a quality of life scale. Descriptive statistics, Student’s t-test and χ2-test were used for the evaluation of the data.

Results: In total, 83 children (10.9%) were diagnosed with asthma by doctors and 82 children (10.7%) had wheezing or asthmatic attacks in the past 12 months. The children with life-long asthma had significantly lower scores for quality of life than those without asthma (p<0.05).

Conclusion: The prevalence of asthma is different in different geographical regions in Turkey. Our results are similar to the results of Western society and asthma has a negative effect on the quality of life of children.
Poverty and child (0–14 years) mortality in the USA and other Western countries as an indicator of “how well a country meets the needs of its children” (UNICEF)
Authors: Pritchard Colin , Williams Richard 
Published: June 2011

Abstract

Background: Children’s (0–14 years) mortality rates in the USA and 19 Western countries (WCs) were examined in the context of a nation-specific measure of relative poverty and the Gross Domestic Product Health Expenditure (GDPHE) of countries to compare the effectiveness and efficiency of health care systems “to meet the needs of its children” (UNICEF).

Method: World Health Organisation child mortality rates per million were analysed for 1979–1981 and 2003–2005 to determine any significant differences between the USA and the other WCs over these periods. Child mortality rates are correlated with all countries GDPHE and ‘relative poverty’, defined by ‘Income Inequalities’, i.e., the gap between top and bottom 20% of incomes.

Findings: Outputs: The mortality rate of every country fell substantially ranging from falls of 46% in the USA to 78% in Portugal. The highest current mortality rates are: USA, 2436 per million (pm), New Zealand 2105 pm, Portugal 1929 pm, Canada 1877 pm and the UK 1834 pm; the lowest are: Japan 1073 pm and Sweden 1075 pm, Finland 1193 pm and Norway 1200 pm. A total of 16 countries rates fell significantly more than the USA over these periods. Inputs: The USA had the greatest GDPHE and widest Income Inequality gap. There was no significant correlation between GDPHE and mortality but highly significant correlations with children’s deaths and income inequalities. The five widest income inequality countries had the six worst rates, the narrowest four had the lowest.

Conclusions: Despite major improvements in every WC, based upon financial inputs and child mortality outputs, the USA health care system appears the least efficient and effective in “meeting the needs of its children”.
A new VLSI algorithm and architecture for the hardware implementation of type IV discrete cosine transform using a pseudo-band correlation structure
Authors: Chiper Doru 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA new VLSI algorithm and its associated systolic array architecture for a prime length type IV discrete cosine transform is presented. They represent the basis of an efficient design approach for deriving a linear systolic array architecture for type IV DCT. The proposed algorithm uses a regular computational structure called pseudoband correlation structure that is appropriate for a VLSI implementation. The proposed algorithm is then mapped onto a linear systolic array with a small number of I/O channels and low I/O bandwidth. The proposed architecture can be unified with that obtained for type IV DST due to a similar kernel. A highly efficient VLSI chip can be thus obtained with good performance in the architectural topology, computing parallelism, processing speed, hardware complexity and I/O costs similar to those obtained for circular correlation and cyclic convolution computational structures.
Taxation et groupes de service sous la royauté arakanaise : un rapport d'enquête de 1803 dans un manuscrit de la Bibliothèque nationale de Paris
Authors: Leider Jacques P. 
Published: June 2011

Since their first publication by Furnivall in 1916, Burmese revenue inquests (cac tarn : or sit-tan) have been duly recognized by historians as a precious source to study the royal administration and rural society. This contribution is presenting the translation of a yet unknown report from king Bodawphaya's 1802-1803 inquest, the report on Dhanawati, the largest and most densely populated of the four districts created by the Burmese occupants after the conquest of Arakan in 1785. In fact, Dhañawatī is the core area of the old Arakanese kingdom, where all the old capitals were situated.
The foremost interest of the document lies in the fact that it contains information on taxation and service groups as they existed under the reign of the Arakanese kings before 1785. This document, together with the report on Rammawatī, edited in 1979 by F.Trager & W. Koenig, form thus rare documents for the study of a lesser known kingdom of Southeast Asia.
The introduction provides further information on the Burmese manuscript in which the document was found and its origin.
Une interprétation bouddhique des rites funéraires du Lanna et du Laos : le sutta apocryphe de Mahā Kāla
Authors: Lagirarde François 
Published: June 2011

The Pavarabandha (Pvb) is a Buddhist text written in Northern Thai and in Lao that can be found on palm leaf manuscripts kept in wat libraries. The Pvb is made of three sections dealing with death, funerals, reincarnation and meditation.
This article is a presentation and a translation of the first part of the Pvb. This part tells the story of Mahā Kalā Thera, an old bhikkhu who decided to meditate in a cemetery. There he directed the funerary rites performed before the cremation of a young woman. The monk commented on and explained these rites, which had apparently not been fully appreciated by the people. Since this section of the Pvb starts with the well know evam me suttam Pali formula we refer to it as Mahâ Kalà's apocryphal Sutta.
This "Sutta" appears under different names in the Thai-Lao Buddhist literature, independently of the Pvb. It is also known in Khmer and, very significantly, in Mon. Its origin is to be found partly in ancient canonical texts and partly in death rituals that developed in Peninsular Southeast Asia from Buddhist and non-Buddhist beliefs.
Le jardin cosmique : considérations anthropologiques sur le paysage en Asie
Authors: Macdonald Charles 
Published: June 2011

This paper reviews a number of cultural traits, philosophical and religious ideas, as well as ethnographic and historical data, in order to define an Asian representation of landscape, one that could aptly describe the kind of man- made landscape that mountain peoples of Northern Luzon have carved out of the slopes of the Grand Cordillera.
Starting from a brief survey of the Western notions of landscape, the author proceeds to show how such a concept is rooted, in East and Southeast Asia, in the pre-Taoist view of nature, in the ideology of the miniature garden in China and Japan, and even in the relation between power and asceticism in pre-modern Indonesia.
The notion of a life-giving energy in the form of water flowing downstream and then recycled in the opposite upward direction is instanced in the religious use of sacred water in Bali, in the ceremonies of the Hani of Yunnan, as well as in various mythological representations of the Cordillera people of Northern Luzon.
These and other elements are conducive to the view that the terraced landscape is as a cosmic garden. Its intimate and meaningful structure is based on the concept of a life principle flowing downwards, which must be periodically recycled through rituals and ceremonies performed at the very center of the living space.
Redéfinir l'originalité de Banteay Srei : relation entre iconographie et architecture
Authors: Bourdonneau Éric 
Published: June 2011

Surprisingly, the iconography of the famous Banteay Srei temple has never been studied thoroughly, even though this iconography is one of the few which has been entirely completed and so well conserved.
This article constitutes the first part of such a comprehensive study, and its purpose is to show how the "perfection", always attributed to Banteay Srei, applies especially to the relation between its iconography and architecture. Of interest is studying how this relation, particularly the distribution of iconographic themes, informs our appreciation of this "perfection", while is entirely devoted to the symbolism of the monument : if the temple is considered beautiful, it is especially so because of this rich symbolic significance.
La succession de Setthāthirāt : réappréciation d'une période de l'histoire du Lān Xāng
Authors: Lorrillard Michel 
Published: June 2011

The phase of unrest which spreads from the death of King Setthāthirāt (1572) to that of King Voravongsā Thammikarāt (1623) is one of the least known periods of the history of Lān Xāng - somewhat a paradox when you consider that philological and epigraphic data relative to these 50 years are more numerous than for some other periods of Laotian history.
The main purpose of this article is to establish a framework of historical events and reliable cross-checked chronological markers for this period during which the fragility of royal legitimacy turns out to be a key factor. But at the same time, comparing the available sources and assessing the insights that they offer leads the author to reflect upon problems specific to the historiography of that period and on the fact that inscriptions, although essential to historical studies, may lead to misinterpretation when not crosschecked with other sources.
La restauration de l'image du moi dans le chamanisme des Yao
Authors: Lemoine Jacques 
Published: June 2011

The Yao considered in this article belong to the Yao Mien group, the only Yao group to be found in Thailand.
When healing illness, the Yao Mien traditionally resort to two different kinds of practices - medicinal herbs (or nowadays western medicine) for natural diseases and, if illness lasts for an unusual period of time or seems to be caused by supernatural forces, the intervention of a religious specialist. In that case, besides Taoist rituals derived from the Meishan and Lüshan doctrines, they resort to shamanistic activities which are split into two different phases : first, the establishment of a diagnosis or beou ' kwaa and, second, a shaman's expedition in the other world in order to recapture the runaway souls of his patient and return them to their owner (ts'ang woueri). The present article focuses mainly on the recapture of the souls which constitute the image of the self of the patient and their return to his/her body, which amounts to a restauration of the self image.
Le rôle de l'esprit môt (phi môt) chez les Taï Noirs du Viêt-nam et quelques techniques de guérison élémentaires
Authors: Trong Câm 
Published: June 2011

When healing illness, the Black Tai people of Vietnam use a wide range of treatments. In some cases they resort to shamanistic practices based on their beliefs about the môt spirit helpers which the author summarizes briefly before presenting the two kinds of healers who resort to them - the mo môt ritual masters and the male môt lao or female mot nhinh (mae môt) shamans - and describing their performances.
Two other healing techniques have nothing to do with shamanism. The first one, phytotherapy, is the prerogative of women, and the secret magic formulae pronounced at the time of treatment are exclusively transmitted from mother to daughter. The second one, called "healing by hand" (au mu 'yd) is practiced only by men. This kind of treatment requires a high degree of concentration and makes use of the eyes, hands and feet of the healer to treat the patient. It is based on the knowledge of the four main networks of energy (si sai) at work in the human body, according to this Tai massage tradition.