bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison between amine fluoride and chlorhexidine with institutionalized elders: a pilot study
Authors: López Rosa Moreno , Uribe Manuel Ribera , Rodríguez Belisa Olmo , Casasempere Inmaculada Vela 
Published: February 2012

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2012.00650.xComparison between amine fluoride and chlorhexidine with institutionalized elders: a pilot studyObjective:  Compare the efficacy of amine fluoride toothpaste and gel with chlorhexidine spray in an institutionalised population.Background:  People who live in nursing homes have poorer oral hygiene because of their dependency for the basic activities of daily living as they rely on caregivers.Methods:  Twenty‐six people over 65 years old who had at least four teeth and living in a nursing home. They were assigned to three groups: A: amine fluoride toothpaste and once a week amine fluoride gel (Elmex®), B: 0.12% spray‐chlorhexidine once a day (Perio‐Aid®) and C: brush teeth without toothpaste. The plaque and gingival index of Silness and Löe, General Oral Health Assessment Index, McLeran and Pfeiffer index were recorded, and the number of colonies of Streptoccocus mutans and Lactobacillus and the remineralisation of caries were evaluated using Diagnodent®. Measurements were taken at the beginning of the study and after 6 months.Results:  Twenty‐two people finished the study. No group showed a statistical difference in the plaque or gingival index, but there was a tendency to show improvement in the amine fluoride group. There was also no difference between the number of colonies of either S. mutans or lactobacillus. There was a significant difference between the plaque and gingival index and the cognitive status (p = 0.0054), along with their requirement for assistance to perform good oral hygiene (p = 0.0001). Both products remineralised the carious lesions in this period compared with the control group (p = 0.0151).Conclusion:  The plaque and gingival indices did not improve during the study, but both products remineralised the previous caries lesions.
Oral health‐related quality of life and nutritional status of institutionalized elderly population aged 60 years and above in Mysore City, India
Authors: Kshetrimayum Nandita , Reddy Chavva Venkata Konda , Siddhana Sunitha , Manjunath Maurya , Rudraswamy Sushma , Sulavai Sibyl 
Published: February 2012

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2012.00651.xOral health‐related quality of life and nutritional status of institutionalized elderly population aged 60 years and above in Mysore City, IndiaObjective:  To assess whether oral health–related quality of life (OHRQoL) is associated with nutritional status in the institutionalised elderly population of Mysore.Background:  Malnutrition in the elderly has an evident impact on their general health and quality of life. Analysis of data of the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) and their association with the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) results improves our understanding of the complex relationship between oral health and malnutrition.Materials and methods:  The study was conducted among the institutionalised elderly population in Mysore city, Karnataka. Data on socio‐demographic, oral health status were gathered. OHRQoL was evaluated using GOHAI, and malnutrition risk using MNA.Results:  Out of 141 elderly, 41.1% were men and 58.9% were women with mean age of 72.2 ± 7.5 years. Mean GOHAI score was 47.03 ± 9.2, with 69.5% had low perception of oral health. Mean MNA score was 9.91 ± 2.4, 15.6% were malnourished, 52.5% were at risk of malnutrition and 31.9% were adequately nourished. A strong association was found between the mean GOHAI and MNA scores.Conclusion:  Oral health–related quality of life was associated with nutritional deficit, and it requires a greater integration between dentistry and nutrition in the health promotion of older adults.
Refractive convergent plasma lenses explain extreme scattering events and pulsar scintillation
Authors: Pen Ue-Li , King Lindsay 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACT
We propose convergent plasma lenses, possibly from current sheets, as a generic solution to strong interstellar scattering. These lenses resolve the overpressure problem by geometric alignment as noted by Goldreich & Shridhar. Our new model further quantitatively explains properties of extreme scattering events and pulsar parabolic arcs. It makes quantitative predictions testable by VLBI on scattering events. It differs conceptually from previous models by occurring through rare, localized underdense sheets. Such sheets are thermally and kinematically stable, and could be consequences of reconnection. The apparent diffractive effects are a result of coherent interference of refractive images. We propose that these lenses can be used for precision distance determination to pulsars, enabling accurate gravity source localization.
Barcoding Queensland Fruit Flies (Bactrocera tryoni): impediments and improvements
Authors: BLACKET MARK J. , SEMERARO LINDA , MALIPATIL MALLIK B. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIdentification of adult fruit flies primarily involves microscopic examination of diagnostic morphological characters, while immature stages, such as larvae, can be more problematic. One of the Australia’s most serious horticultural pests, the Queensland Fruit Fly (Bactrocera tryoni: Tephritidae), is of particular biosecurity/quarantine concern as the immature life stages occur within food produce and can be difficult to identify using morphological characteristics. DNA barcoding of the mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) gene could be employed to increase the accuracy of fruit fly species identifications. In our study, we tested the utility of standard DNA barcoding techniques and found them to be problematic for Queensland Fruit Flies, which (i) possess a nuclear copy (a numt pseudogene) of the barcoding region of COI that can be co‐amplified; and (ii) as in previous COI phylogenetic analyses closely related B. tryoni complex species appear polyphyletic. We found that the presence of a large deletion in the numt copy of COI allowed an alternative primer to be designed to only amplify the mitochondrial COI locus in tephritid fruit flies. Comparisons of alternative commonly utilized mitochondrial genes, Cytochrome Oxidase II and Cytochrome b, revealed a similar level of variation to COI; however, COI is the most informative for DNA barcoding, given the large number of sequences from other tephritid fruit fly species available for comparison. Adopting DNA barcoding for the identification of problematic fly specimens provides a powerful tool to distinguish serious quarantine fruit fly pests (Tephritidae) from endemic fly species of lesser concern.
Putting “God's Honor First”: Truth, Lies, and Servants in Reformation Geneva
Authors: Spierling Karen 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis article begins to examine the role of servants in the implementation of the Genevan Reformation in the 1530s–1560s by looking at the Genevan Consistory records and city legislation as recorded in the Sources du Droit, as well as considering John Calvin's stance on the absolute importance of truth in a godly society. It contrasts official efforts to inculcate the principle of truth-telling among servants with employers' expectations that servants would lie in order to protect family honor and reputation. It argues that, as a result of these potentially conflicting obligations to employers and to the principles of Geneva's reforming church and city authorities, servants were at one and the same time vital to the enforcement of the Reformed system of discipline and the consistory's pursuit of truth and frequent obstacles to that enforcement.
Impact of the Warming Pattern on Global Energetics
Authors: Hernández-Deckers Daniel , von Storch Jin-Song 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
The warming pattern due to higher greenhouse gas concentrations is expected to affect the global atmospheric energetics mainly via changes in the (i) meridional temperature gradient and (ii) mean static stability. Changes in surface meridional temperature gradients have been previously regarded as the determining feature for the energetics response, but recent studies suggest that changes in mean static stability may be more relevant than previously thought. This study aims to determine the relative importance of these two effects by comparing the energetics responses due to different warming patterns using a fully coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation model.
By means of an additional diabatic forcing, experiments with different warming patterns are obtained: one with a 2xCO2-like pattern that validates the method, one with only the tropical upper-tropospheric warming, and one with only the high-latitude surface warming. The study’s findings suggest that the dominant aspect of the warming pattern that alters the global atmospheric energetics is not its associated meridional temperature gradient changes, but the mean static stability changes. The tropical upper warming weakens the energetics by increasing the mean static stability, whereas the surface warming strengthens it by reducing the mean static stability. The combined 2xCO2-like response is dominated by the tropical upper-tropospheric warming effect, hence the weaker energetic activity. Eddy kinetic energy changes consistently, but the two opposite responses nearly cancel each other in the 2xCO2 case. Therefore, estimates of future changes in storminess may be particularly sensitive to the relative magnitude of the main features of the simulated warming pattern.
Nanocrystalline silver dressing and subatmospheric pressure therapy following neoadjuvant radiation therapy and surgical excision of a feline injection site sarcoma
Authors: Woods Samantha , de Castro Marques Ana I , Renwick Mala G , Argyle Sally A , Yool Donald A 
Published: February 2012

Clinical summary This is the first clinical report of use of a combination of nanocrystalline silver and subatmospheric pressure therapy to treat a resistant wound infection, following tumour removal and radiation therapy, in a difficult-to-manage surgical site in a cat. Practical relevance The therapy was well tolerated and the authors suggest it is a valid treatment protocol for management of non-healing or infected wounds in the cat.
The deformation mechanism of a pressure-induced phase transition in dehydrated analcime
Authors: Likhacheva A. Yu. , Rashchenko S. V. , Seryotkin Yu. V. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe elastic and structural behaviour of dehydrated analcime in compression in a non-penetrating medium up to 3 GPa was studied in a diamond anvil cell usingin situsynchrotron powder diffraction. A first-order phase transition at 0.4–0.7 GPa is accompanied by a symmetry change from monoclinic (I2/a) to pseudo-rhombohedral (R3) due to trigonalization of the aluminosilicate framework. This is due to the migration of cations to new positions close to the 6-membered rings forming the channels. The reduction of the mean aperture of the structure-forming 6- and 8-membered rings, as a result of tetrahedral tilting, leads to a 7.5% reduction in volume at the phase transition. The bulk modulus values are 38(2) GPa for the low pressure (LP) phase [fitted with a Murnaghan equation of state,K' = 4 (fixed)] and 11(4) GPa for the high pressure (HP) phase [fitted with a third-order Birch–Murnaghan equation of state,K' = 9(1)]. The elastic behaviour of the LPphase is anisotropic, with compressibilities βa:βb:βcin the ratio 1:4:2; the most compressible directionbcoinciding with the orientation of empty 8-membered rings. The compressibility of the HP phase is isotropic. Trigonalization appears to be the most effective (and probably unique) mechanism of radical volume contraction for the ANA structure type.
Sodalite-group minerals from the Somma Vesuvius volcanic complex, Italy: a case study of K-feldspar-rich xenoliths
Authors: Balassone G. , Bellatreccia F. , Mormone A. , Biagioni C. , Pasero M. , Petti C. , Mondillo N. , Fameli G. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractSodalites and sulfatic sodalites in holocrystalline K-feldspar-rich ejecta from the Somma Vesuvius volcanic complex, Italy, have been characterized by combined chemical, structural and spectroscopic analyses. Sodalite has a relatively homogeneous chemical composition, with the ubiquitous presence of CO32– and H2O/OH–. The sulfatic sodalites are isomorphous and have cage structures which can contain a wide variety of anions, molecular species and cations. Molecular CO2 and H2O/OH– are present in sulfatic sodalites, instead of the CO32– anions that are present in sodalite sensu stricto. The cell dimensions of the all of the studied sodalite samples are very similar, the sulfatic sodalite cell dimensions are more variable. Structure refinement of a distinctly green sample confirms the P3n space group. Metasomatic magma-derived fluids that are rich in H2O, CO2, Cl and S are believed to be responsible for the genesis of the relatively late-stage phases which form the ejecta containing the sodalite-group minerals.
Direct observations of mineral fluid reactions using atomic force microscopy: the specific example of calcite
Authors: -Agudo E. Ruiz , Putnis C. V. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAtomic force microscopy (AFM) enables in situ observations of mineral fluid reactions to be made at a nanoscale. During the past 20 years, the direct observation of mineral surfaces at molecular resolution during dissolution and growth has made significant contributions toward improvements in our understanding of the dynamics of mineral fluid reactions at the atomic scale. Observations and kinetic measurements of dissolution and growth from AFM experiments give valuable evidence for crystal dissolution and growth mechanisms, either confirming existing models or revealing their limitations. Modifications to theories can be made in the light of experimental evidence generated by AFM. Significant changes in the kinetics and mechanisms of crystallization and dissolution processes occur when the chemical and physical parameters of solutions, including the presence of impurity molecules or background electrolytes, are altered. Calcite has received considerable attention in AFM studies due to its central role in geochemical and biomineralization processes. This review summarizes the extensive literature on the dissolution and growth of calcite that has been generated by AFM studies, including the influence of fluid characteristics such as supersaturation, solution stoichiometry, pH, temperature and the presence of impurities.
Dissecting genetic architecture of grape proanthocyanidin composition through quantitative trait locus mapping
Authors: Huang Yung-Fen , Doligez Agnès , Fournier-Level Alexandre , Le Cunff Loïc , Bertrand Yves , Canaguier Aurélie , Morel Cécile , Miralles Valérie , Veran Frédéric , Souquet Jean-Marc , Cheynier Véronique , Terrier Nancy , This Patrice 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundProanthocyanidins (PAs), or condensed tannins, are flavonoid polymers, widespread throughout the plant kingdom, which provide protection against herbivores while conferring organoleptic and nutritive values to plant-derived foods, such as wine. However, the genetic basis of qualitative and quantitative PA composition variation is still poorly understood. To elucidate the genetic architecture of the complex grape PA composition, we first carried out quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis on a 191-individual pseudo-F1 progeny. Three categories of PA variables were assessed: total content, percentages of constitutive subunits and composite ratio variables. For nine functional candidate genes, among which eight co-located with QTLs, we performed association analyses using a diversity panel of 141 grapevine cultivars in order to identify causal SNPs.ResultsMultiple QTL analysis revealed a total of 103 and 43 QTLs, respectively for seed and skin PA variables. Loci were mainly of additive effect while some loci were primarily of dominant effect. Results also showed a large involvement of pairwise epistatic interactions in shaping PA composition. QTLs for PA variables in skin and seeds differed in number, position, involvement of epistatic interaction and allelic effect, thus revealing different genetic determinisms for grape PA composition in seeds and skin. Association results were consistent with QTL analyses in most cases: four out of nine tested candidate genes (VvLAR1,VvMYBPA2,VvCHI1,VvMYBPA1) showed at least one significant association with PA variables, especiallyVvLAR1revealed as of great interest for further functional investigation. Some SNP-phenotype associations were observed only in the diversity panel.ConclusionsThis study presents the first QTL analysis on grape berry PA composition with a comparison between skin and seeds, together with an association study. Our results suggest a complex genetic control for PA traits and different genetic architectures for grape PA composition between berry skin and seeds. This work also uncovers novel genomic regions for further investigation in order to increase our knowledge of the genetic basis of PA composition.
Remarkably Efficient Catalysts of Amidine Hydroiodides for the Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates from Carbon Dioxide and Epoxides under Mild Conditions
Authors: Aoyagi Naoto , Furusho Yoshio , Endo Takeshi 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Hydroiodides of amidines effectively catalyzed the reaction of CO2 and epoxides under mild conditions such as ordinary pressure and ambient temperature, and the corresponding 5-membered cyclic carbonates were obtained in moderate to high yields.
A Novel Method to Discriminate between Natural and Synthetic Fibers by Stable Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxygen Isotope Analyses
Authors: Suzuki Yaeko , Kobe Ryo , Nakashita Rumiko 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
We determined stable carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen isotopic compositions (δ13C, δ15N, and δ18O) of fibers to discriminate between plant, animal, and synthetic fibers. The δ13C and δ15N values of synthetic fibers are significantly lower than animal fibers. Cashmere and alpaca have relatively lower δ18O values than other animal fibers. Moreover, there are significant differences between acrylic and cashmere (e.g., in δ15N values). These results suggest that the stable carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen isotope analysis would be useful in discrimination of natural and synthetic fibers.
HClO4·SiO2-mediated Improved Isomerization of Glycidic Esters to α-Hydroxy-β,γ-unsaturated Esters: Application in the Formal Synthesis of (R)-Baclofen and β-Phenyl GABA Analogues
Authors: Basak Ranjan , Dharuman Suresh , Reddy Y Suman , Doddi Venkata Ramana , Vankar Yashwant D 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
An efficient isomerization of glycidic esters to corresponding allylic alcohols, viz. α-hydroxy-β,γ-unsaturated esters has been brought about using HClO4·SiO2. Five of these allylic alcohols underwent selective SN2′ nucleophilic substitution to generate γ-azido-α,β-unsaturated esters which were readily converted to an antispastic drug Baclofen and four other β-phenyl GABA analogues.
Doppler spectrum analysis
Authors: Wu T. , Chen P-Y. , Chen C-H. , Wang C-L. 
Published: February 2012

It is difficult to determine the safe timing of weight-bearing or reconstructive surgery in patients with Charcot arthropathy of the foot and ankle. In this study the Doppler spectrum of the first dorsal metatarsal artery was used to monitor the activity of the disease activity and served as a guideline for management. A total of 15 patients (seven men and eight women) with acute diabetic Charcot arthropathy of the foot and ankle were immobilised in a non-weight-bearing cast. They were followed at two-week intervals and bilateral Doppler spectra of the first dorsal metatarsal arteries were obtained using a 10 MHz linear ultrasound probe. The patients were allowed to start weight-bearing or undergo surgery after the Doppler spectrum had returned to normal pattern. The Doppler spectra in the unaffected limbs were triphasic in pattern, whereas those in limbs with active Charcot arthropathy showed monophasic forward flow. They returned to normal after a mean of 13.6 weeks (6 to 20) of immobilisation. Three patients underwent pan-talar arthrodesis to correct gross instability and deformity.Doppler spectrum analysis of the foot may reflect the activity of the disease in patients with Charcot arthropathy, and may be used as a guide to begin weight-bearing or undergo reconstructive surgery.
Posterior lumbar interbody fusion using spinous process and laminae
Authors: Hu M. W. , Liu Z. L. , Zhou Y. , Shu Y. , L. Chen C. , Yuan X. 
Published: February 2012

Posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) is indicated for many patients with pain and/or instability of the lumbar spine. We performed 36 PLIF procedures using the patient’s lumbar spinous process and laminae, which were inserted as a bone graft between two vertebral bodies without using a cage. The mean lumbar lordosis and mean disc height to vertebral body ratio were restored and preserved after surgery. There were no serious complications.These results suggest that this procedure is safe and effective.
One Pot Synthesis of Multifunctional Aramid Aerogels
Authors: Chidambareswarapattar Chakkaravarthy , Mohite Dhairyashil P. , Larimore Zachary J. , Lu Hongbing , Sotiriou-Leventis Chariklia , Leventis Nicholas 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTAerogels are quasi-stable, low-density, three-dimensional assemblies of nanoparticles, but they are commonly associated with poor mechanical properties. The most successful efforts to improve their mechanical properties involve cross-linking of the skeletal nanoparticles with polymers. However, post gelation cross-linking is time-consuming. Hence, it is reasonable to seek robust all-polymer aerogels among polymers known for their high mechanical strength. As a result, here we report the facile one-pot synthesis of a new class of Kevlar-like aerogels based on the rather underutilized reaction of multifunctional isocyanates and carboxylic acids. The resulting materials are up to 84% v/v porous with surface areas as high as 380 m2 g-1. The ultimate compressive strength per unit density is within 10% equal to that of Kevlar 49. The high specific energy absorption (37 J g-1) and Styrofoam-like thermal conductivity (0.028 W m-1 K-1) combined with thermal stability up to 350 °C render aramid aerogels multifunctional materials suitable for defense, civil and transportation related applications. Upon pyrolysis at 800 °C they can be converted to 80% (v/v) porous, electrically conducting carbons with surface areas as high as 474 m2 g-1.
Roast Experiment Research of Vanadium Stone Coal
Authors: LIU Tao , ZHANG Yimin , HUANG Jing , CHEN Tiejun , BAO Shenxu , FU Lipan 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTA roast experiment was carried out by using vanadium stone coal from Hubei Province as object, in the condition of compound additive dosage is 6%, the effects of roasting temperature, roasting time and material size on vanadium lixiviate efficiency were investigated. Experimental results indicate that, for the vanadium stone coal from Hubei Province, at the condition of additive dosage is 6%, the ideal target of vanadium lixiviate efficiency 82.3% can be acquired in the optimum condition of roasting temperature at 850 oC, roasting time is 120 minutes, material size is minus 0.5mm.
Spark Plasma Sintering of Fuel Cermets for Nuclear Reactor Applications
Authors: Zhong Yang , O’Brien Robert C. , Howe Steven D. , Jerred Nathan D. , Schwinn Kristopher , Sudderth Laura , Hundley Joshua 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTThe feasibility of the fabrication of tungsten based nuclear fuel cermets via Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) is investigated in this work. CeO2 is used to simulate fuel loadings of UO2 or Mixed-Oxide (MOX) fuels within tungsten-based cermets due to the similar properties of these materials. This study shows that after a short time sintering, greater than 90 % density can be achieved, which is suitable to possess good strength as well as the ability to contain fission products. The mechanical properties and the densities of the samples are also investigated as functions of the applied pressures during the sintering.