bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detraining after short‐term exercise induces hyperphagia and obesity with fatty liver and brown adipose tissue whitening in young male OLETF rats
Authors: Oshima Takaya , Takaishi Kaho , Nishihira Misuzu , Nguyen Son Tien , Urakawa Susumu , Ohno Haruya , Fujita Naoto 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study examined the effects of exercise and detraining at a young age on fat accumulation in various organs. Four‐week‐old male Otsuka Long‐Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats were assigned to either the non‐exercise sedentary (OLETF Sed) or exercise groups. The exercise group was subdivided into two groups: exercise between 4 and 12 weeks of age (OLETF Ex) and exercise between 4 and 6 weeks of age followed by non‐exercise between 6 and 12 weeks of age (OLETF DT). Body weight was significantly lower in the OLETF Ex group than in the OLETF Sed group at 12 weeks of age. Fat accumulation in the epididymal white adipose tissue, liver, and brown adipose tissue was suppressed in the OLETF Ex group. During the exercise period, body weight and food intake in the OLETF DT group were significantly lower than those in the OLETF Sed group. However, food intake was significantly higher in the OLETF DT group than in the OLETF Sed group after exercise cessation, resulting in extreme obesity with fatty liver and brown adipose tissue whitening. Detraining after early‐onset exercise promotes hyperphagia, causing extreme obesity. Overeating should be avoided during detraining periods in cases of exercise cessation at a young age.
Inflammatory pathway communication with skeletal muscle—Does aging play a role? A topical review of the current evidence
Authors: Cornish Stephen M. , Cordingley Dean M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSkeletal muscle plays an integral role in locomotion, but also as part of the integrative physiological system. Recent progress has identified crosstalk between skeletal muscle and various physiological systems, including the immune system. Both the musculoskeletal and immune systems are impacted by aging. Increased age is associated with decreased muscle mass and function, while the immune system undergoes “inflammaging” and immunosenescence. Exercise is identified as a preventative medicine that can mitigate loss of function for both systems. This review summarizes: (1) the inflammatory pathways active in skeletal muscle; and (2) the inflammatory and skeletal muscle response to unaccustomed exercise in younger and older adults. Compared to younger adults, it appears older individuals have a muted pro‐inflammatory response and elevated anti‐inflammatory response to exercise. This important difference could contribute to decreased regeneration and recovery following unaccustomed exercise in older adults, as well as in chronic disease. The current research provides specific information on the role inflammation plays in altering skeletal muscle form and function, and adaptation to exercise; however, the pursuit of more knowledge in this area will delineate specific interventions that may enhance skeletal muscle recovery and promote resiliency in this tissue particularly with aging.
All the Way from Saudi Arabia to the United States: The Inspiration of Architectural Heritage in Art
Authors: Alsuwaida Nouf 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the relationship between architectural heritage in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United States, providing insights for place-based learning (PBL). The researcher analyzes the similarities and differences between New Mexico (NM) and Saudi Arabia, such as materials, color, and motif units, to design and apply them to develop a range of modern designs. The study method used is an experiential approach based on a case study, based on the author’s living experience in NM from 2014 to 2018, visiting museums and heritage areas, taking photographs, and tasting the culture. Moreover, this study includes a literature review for PBL. In addition, the research study uses a descriptive and experimental method and practical procedure by designing, borrowing, and analyzing the inspiration of specific traditions and integrating both cultures into artworks and ornaments in weaving beads and textiles. The result of the study applied six innovative designs by creating art projects through experimental learning. The result presented three themes: (1) similarities in instructions, materials, and colors of the architectural heritage between the Santa Fe and Saudi Najd styles, (2) differences between the architectural heritage doors, windows, and roof system, and (3) drawing inspiration from architectural heritage for textile bead weaving designs.
An investigation into the impact of thermal radiation and chemical reactions on the flow through porous media of a Casson hybrid nanofluid including unstable mixed convection with stretched sheet in the presence of thermophoresis and Brownian motion
Authors: Dandu Sridevi , Chitrapu Venkata Ramana Murthy , Kodi Raghunath 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This article investigates the unsteady mixed convention two-dimensional flow of magnetohydrodynamic Casson hybrid nanofluids (alumina oxide and titanium oxide nanoparticles with base fluid water) flow through porous media over a linearly stretched sheet. We analyzed the heat and mass transfer in mixed convection, thermal radiation, variable thermal conductivity, variable mass diffusivity, and chemical reaction in the presence of thermophoresis and Brownian motion. A system of partial differential equations is reduced to a solvable system of ordinary differential equations by applying a suitable similarity transformation. We used the Runga–Kutta method along with the shooting procedure to solve the flow, heat, and mass transfer equations along with boundary conditions. The results obtained from MATLAB codes are compared with previously published results of the same type in a limiting case. The results of the velocity, temperature, and concentration profile of the hybrid nanofluid for varying different flow parameters are obtained in the form of graphs, while the rate of shear stress, rate of heat, and mass transfer are expressed in tables. We noticed that velocity and temperature diminish as an unsteady parameter increases; however, the reverse trend was observed in the nanoparticle concentration profile. With an increase in the thermal radiation parameter, the resultant velocity and temperature profile improves, while the concentration of nanoparticle profiles decreases. The velocity and temperature increase with higher Brownian motion, while the velocity increases and temperature decreases with higher thermophoresis.
Predictors of Hospital Readmission, Institutionalization, and Mortality in Geriatric Rehabilitation Following Hospitalization According to Admission Reason
Authors: Urquiza Miriam , Fernández Naiara , Arrinda Ismene , Espin Ander , García-García Julia , Rodriguez-Larrad Ana , Irazusta Jon 
Published: June 2024

Background and Purpose:
Older adults following an inpatient geriatric rehabilitation (GR) program commonly experience adverse health outcomes such as hospital readmission, institutionalization, and mortality. Although several studies have explored factors related to these outcomes, the influence of admission reason on the predictive factors of adverse health outcomes in the rehabilitation process remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to identify predictive factors for adverse health outcomes in inpatients attending GR according to their admission reason.

Methods:
This retrospective study included patients with orthogeriatric (OG) conditions and patients with hospital-associated deconditioning (HAD) admitted to GR after an acute hospitalization between 2016 and 2020. Patients were evaluated by a comprehensive geriatric assessment at admission, including sociodemographic data, social resources, clinical data, cognitive, functional and nutritional status, and physical performance measurements. Adverse health outcomes were collected (hospital readmission, institutionalization, and mortality). Univariate analyses and multivariate backward binary logistic regressions were used to determine predictive factors.

Results and Discussion:
In this study, 290 patients were admitted for OG conditions, and 122 patients were admitted due to HAD. In patients with OG conditions, lower Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) predicted institutionalization and mortality. Lower Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form predicted institutionalization, whereas lower Barthel Index and lower Tinetti-Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment scores were associated with higher mortality. In patients with HAD, higher age-adjusted comorbidity index predicted hospital readmission and mortality, and lower Short Physical Performance Battery scores predicted institutionalization and mortality. Finally, lower MMSE scores, worse values in Older Americans Resources and Services Scale and male gender were associated with a higher risk of institutionalization.

Conclusions:
Predictive factors for hospital readmission, institutionalization, and mortality in patients with OG conditions and HAD during GR were different. Some of those predictors, such as nutritional status and physical performance, are modifiable. Understanding predictive factors for adverse outcomes, and how these factors differ by admission diagnosis, improves our ability to identify patients most at risk. Early identification of these patients could assist with prevention efforts and lead to a reduction of negative outcomes.
WITHDRAWN: Comparative study of the insecticidal activity of essential oils of four spontaneous and domestic plants on wheat weevils Sitophilus oryzae
Authors: Asma HALMOUNE , Mourad NGADI , Abdessamad AIT BENLABCHIR , Khalid KHFIF , Hamza ELFINOU , Abdelhamid ZAID , Lhoussaine EL RHAFFARI 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Synthetic insecticides are among the most commonly used methods of protecting food stocks. This high level of use poses a real risk to human health. For this reason, an alternative has become a necessity. In this context, the aim of the present work is to develop bio-insecticides based on the essential oils of oregano (Oriental). Essential oils of Oregano (Origanum compactum and elongatum), calamint (Satureja calamintha), and Thyme (Thymus zygis) against wheat weevils (Sitophilus oryzae) Insects were harvested in the TAOUNATE region and treated at the national agency for medicinal and aromatic plants using essential oils in concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 1% for spontaneous and domestic plants for 24 hours. The results showed that the essential oils of these plants had significant effects on controlling wheat weevils (Sitophilus oryzae). A comparison of the effects of oils obtained from spontaneous and cultivated plants was studied. As we know, spontaneous plants are always more potent than cultivated ones, but our work shows the opposite to be true, especially for our results showed that contact application of essential oils from these plants achieved 100% mortality rates within the first 24 hours of exposure. Our results also revealed variations between spontaneous and cultivated plants. In fact, some spontaneous plants achieved 100% mortality before 24 hours of exposure. These results allow us to assert that essential oils are a suitable solution for the protection of food stocks and can be used for industrial applications in the production of bio-insecticides.
Cs-137 detection at CTBT radionuclide monitoring stations in East Asia
Authors: Furuno Akiko , Ohmori Ryuta , Tateoka Hisanori , Minakawa Yuya , Kurihara Toshiyuki , Yamamoto Yoichi , Tomita Yutaka 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) Okinawa radionuclide monitoring station (JPP37) is located on a hill facing the East China Sea at the center of the main island of Okinawa. It occasionally detects Cs-137, although no nuclear facilities are located on the island. This study focused on the detection of Cs-137 at JPP37 and examined the ratio of simultaneous detections at neighboring stations and the relationship with Asian dust from inland East Asia. The detection of Cs-137 from 2020 to 2023 at JPP37, which was the target of the analysis, was higher in the spring. Among the nine CTBT radionuclide stations in East Asia, the detections in Beijing, Lanzhou, and Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, were also high in spring. This suggested a high association with the detection of Asian dust in East Asia. Thus, we confirmed the detection of Cs-137 at nine nearby international monitoring system (IMS) of Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Preparatory Organization (CTBTO) stations when Asian dust was observed at any of the sites in Japan. In addition, we observed that the detection rates were high in Takasaki, Beijing, Lanzhou, and Ulaanbaatar. It can be inferred that the Cs-137 observed mainly in spring at the IMS particle radionuclide station in the East Asian region around Japan was likely to pick up the effects of global fallout conveyed by Asian dust. Thereafter, we conducted a preliminary source estimation analysis for Asian dust arrival near Japan. Atmospheric dispersion simulations explained the detection of Cs-137 at nearby IMS particle radionuclide stations, assuming that Cs-137 was emitted from the desert, the source of the Asian dust.
Concentrated growth factor contained CD34+ stem cells as a potential remedy for treating psoriasis
Authors: Guo Jing , Chu Weifang , Gao Jin , Lu Yongzhou , Cai Yijie , Yao Wei , Huang Minghuan , Xiao Qin , Xu Nan , Xu Qiannan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Concentrated growth factor (CGF), which contains CD34+ stem cells, has been used for treating alopecia and skin rejuvenation by modulating immune factors. Psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory skin condition influenced by various immune factors, poses challenges in treatment, particularly for patients who are unsuitable for conventional therapies such as biologics due to factors like tumors. CGF, with its immunoregulatory properties and potential application across diverse patient profiles, has emerged as a promising alternative.
We investigated the impact of CGF on IL-17 levels in treated patients and its potential for psoriasis treatment in a mouse model. Twelve patients received three monthly CGF injections for alopecia, resulting in significantly reduced peripheral serum IL-17 levels posttreatment. In the psoriatic mouse model established with imiquimod (IMQ), groups receiving CGF alongside IMQ exhibited reduced erythema and scale levels compared to those in the IMQ alone group. Moreover, skin barrier scores improved, and IL-17 expression decreased in the CGF-treated group. Histopathological analysis revealed enhancements in skin characteristics. RNA-seq revealed downregulated IL-17, upregulated CD34 expression and elevated barrier-associated GO terms.
In conclusion, CGF treatment represents a promising approach for managing psoriasis by mitigating IL-17 expression and alleviating skin lesion severity. Its versatility in immune modulation suggests potential efficacy across diverse patient populations, warranting further exploration in clinical settings.
The use of high-resolution satellite topographic data to quantify volcanic activity at Raung volcano (Indonesia) from 2011 to 2021
Authors: Galetto Federico , Lillo Diego Lobos , Pritchard Matthew 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Quantifying erupted masses of magma is fundamental to determine the size of eruptions. Pre- and post- eruptive Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) derived from satellite data can quantify erupted masses, even in remote areas. Here we used bistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data from the TanDEM-X satellite and EarthDEMs derived by stereo-optical data, to investigate topographic changes and the erupted mass at the caldera of Raung (Indonesia), which is one of the most frequently erupting volcanoes on Java. We found that erupted masses associated with Magnitude ≤ 2 eruptions occurred from 2000 to mid-2014 are difficult to be estimated with these DEMs, due to the difficultly to separate the signal of the limited amount of ash deposited within the caldera from data errors. On the contrary, these DEMs mapped at high resolution deposits of Magnitude ≥ 3 eruptions. The November 2014 – August 2015 eruption produced 11.72 ± 1.58 x1010 kg of magma (Magnitude 4.06 ± 0.06), generating lava flows with a maximum height of ~ 46–50 meters and a new intra-caldera cone. The January-April 2021 eruption, never studied before, erupted at least 2.29 ± 0.76 x1010 kg of magma (Magnitude 3.34 ± 0.15), generating lava flows (maximum thickness ~ 16–21 meters) and the growth of the intra-caldera cone. Our analysis reveals that the different pre-eruptive DEMs used to process SAR data and calculate topographic and volume changes can affect extrusive mass estimates by up to ~ 60%. Erupted masses at Raung here estimated could be used in future studies to develop physics-based models coupling extrusion rates with other monitoring parameters to further improve the knowledge of this frequently erupting volcano.
Reasons for disengagement in first-episode psychosis – perspectives from service users and their caregivers
Authors: Chua Yi Chian , Roystonn Kumarasan , Pushpa K , Verma Swapna , Tang Charmaine 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background: The efforts of early psychosis intervention programmes can be impeded by difficulties in maintaining the engagement of service users. As disengagement is often an autonomous decision made by service users, the main aim of this study was to gain insight into the reasons for service user disengagement through qualitative interviews with the service users themselves, and caregivers as proxies or secondary informants.
Methods: Participants recruited for the study were enrolled in the Early Psychosis Intervention Programme in Singapore for at least a year, aged 21 and above, able to communicate in English, and had disengaged for at least three months. The recruitment and interview processes were conducted independently for service user and caregiver participants. Potential participants were invited to a face-to-face semi-structured interview over video call or in-person. Each interview spanned one to two hours, and comprised five phases – icebreaker, exploration of the participant's experience with EPIP before deciding to disengage, discussion of reasons for disengagement, exploration of the post-disengagement experience, and feedback and suggestions for EPIP. Recruitment aimed to conclude after 10-15 participants were interviewed for both service user and caregiver groups, with the expectation that data saturation would be reached with no new themes emerging.
Results: Ultimately, 12 service user and 12 caregiver participants were recruited. There were six pairs of service user and caregiver dyads, where the caregivers interviewed were caring for service users also enrolled in the study. Valuable qualitative insights were gathered, including the type of disengagement, medication compliance during disengagement, the decision-making process behind disengaging, and circumstances surrounding re-engagement. A total of five major themes with subthemes emerged from the reasons for service user disengagement – individual factors, stigma, progression, treatment factors, and external factors.
Conclusions: There is a need to narrow down urgent areas of attention, aligning the study themes with established risk factors so that feasible solutions can be developed and appropriate care models can be adopted, to minimise adverse outcomes related to disengagement. It is important to keep an open mind to understand what personal recovery means to the individual service user, so that treatment goals can be better harmonised.
Prediction of default risk borne by financial enterprises in China based on big data analysis approach
Authors: Zhang Chang , Zhang Lei 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

With the development of digital technology, enterprises' online financial business capabilities continue to improve. Predicting the default risk of borrowers is an important issue in the development of financial enterprises in China. In this study, big data analysis algorithms were used to predict the credit risk of loans. Data were collected from a large financial enterprise in China, including demographic characteristics and characteristics of the loaning process. The overall accuracy and single precision of the forecast are evaluated by cost matrix analysis. For continuous input and discrete output data pairs, decision tree (DT) model has achieved best accuracy and negative precision; artificial neural networks (ANN) algorithm has performed brilliantly in sensitivity; support vector machine (SVM) model has achieved the highest area under curve (AUC). For discrete input-output data pairs, DT model has achieved the best accuracy, sensitivity and negative precision. DT has been employed to analyze the relationship between the default risk and selected attributes, the possible causes and appropriate measures are discussed in this study.
Structural Changes in the Global Value Chain: Analysis of Length and Position in East Asia
Authors: Suganuma Kenji 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

This paper uses several global input-output tables to analyze changes in the global value chains (GVCs) from the 1990s to the 2020s, with a focus on East Asia. The main feature of the study is that we combine upstreamness and downstreamness, which express GVCs quantitatively, to calculate two indicators "length of GVC" and "position on GVC"for analysis. Our findings are as follows: First, the values of these indicators are consistent with our intuitive perceptions of the position of each country and industry in GVCs. Second, these indicators capture structural changes in GVCs. The length of GVCs in the world has increased in the 2000s and slowed down in the 2010s, which is consistent with the expansion of global trade in the 2000s and stagnation in the 2010s, known as slow trade. Third, these figures can also be used to analyze some events in the global economy, such as the impact of the US-China trade friction. Finally, the position on GVCs could be used in analyzing the competitiveness of industries in combination with the value-added ratio.
JEL Code: C67, F50, F52
Brazing of ZTA ceramic with titanium for biomedical application
Authors: Fedotov Ivan , Ivannikov Alexander , Terehova Sofia , Dzhumaev Pavel , Kozlov Ilya , Svetogorov Roman , Klushin Ivan , Sevryukov Oleg 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The purpose of this work was to determine the wetting angles on ZTA ceramic and titanium by new Zr-30Ti-20Co filler metal, identify the mechanism of crystallization during brazing and conduct further corrosion tests of Ti-ZTA brazed joints in Ringer Locke solution. With electronic microscopy, XRD and EDS study it was found that the structure of the joint was represented by eutectic and eutectoid structural components, consisting of α-(Ti,Zr) and (Ti, Zr)2Co phases. With a cyclic potentiodynamic test the pitting corrosion of intermetallic compounds (Ti, Zr)2Co in the brazed joint was revealed. The analysis of ions concentration in Ringer Locke solution shows that cobalt ions are mainly released into the solution during electrochemical tests.