bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring young people’s expectations and experiences of discussing sexual and relationship health with professionals in a children’s hospital
Authors: Sanders Caroline , Pritchard Erica , Bray Lucy , McKenna Jacqueline 
Published: April 2011

Aim and objective. The purpose of this study was to explore young people’s expectations and experiences of discussing sexual and relationship health with healthcare professionals whilst attending or having been admitted to an acute children’s hospital.Background. Sexual health and teenage pregnancy are topics of debate in the context of public health. Programmes that provide sexual and relationship education to young people are often delivered in education and/or community health settings. However, a significant proportion of young people access acute health services, yet the literature on acute service providers opportunistically providing sexual and relationship advice to young people is limited.Design. Survey.Methods. One hundred young people attending either an outpatient appointment or being discharged following an in‐patient episode on a hospital ward were approached to complete a questionnaire. Discussion of the questionnaire findings was undertaken with a group of eight young people, which enriched the interpretation and provided clarity of the findings.Results. The topic of sexual and relationship health was important to young people. Although young people infrequently sought advice when in acute settings, they wanted to know there was a choice to discuss these issues with healthcare professionals in the hospital. Young people suggested that professionals needed to have a level of sensitivity and confidence to be able to initiate sexual and relationship discussions with young people.Conclusion. The information from the questionnaires and the discussion group highlighted that young people feel they need to know there is an option to discuss sexual and relationship health whilst attending or being admitted to an acute children’s hospital. By giving young people a choice to participate or decline in dialogues about sexual and relationship health, a degree of empowerment and level of respect can be encouraged between young people and healthcare professionals.Relevance to clinical practice. Healthcare professionals need to be mindful of opportunities to engage young people in maximising their health and well‐being, this includes providing them with a choice to discuss sexual and relationship health issues in any health setting.
The performance of phylogenetic algorithms in estimating haplotype genealogies with migration
Authors: SALZBURGER WALTER , EWING GREG B. , Von HAESELER ARNDT 
Published: April 2011

AbstractGenealogies estimated from haplotypic genetic data play a prominent role in various biological disciplines in general and in phylogenetics, population genetics and phylogeography in particular. Several software packages have specifically been developed for the purpose of reconstructing genealogies from closely related, and hence, highly similar haplotype sequence data. Here, we use simulated data sets to test the performance of traditional phylogenetic algorithms, neighbour‐joining, maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood in estimating genealogies from nonrecombining haplotypic genetic data. We demonstrate that these methods are suitable for constructing genealogies from sets of closely related DNA sequences with or without migration. As genealogies based on phylogenetic reconstructions are fully resolved, but not necessarily bifurcating, and without reticulations, these approaches outperform widespread ‘network’ constructing methods. In our simulations of coalescent scenarios involving panmictic, symmetric and asymmetric migration, we found that phylogenetic reconstruction methods performed well, while the statistical parsimony approach as implemented in TCS performed poorly. Overall, parsimony as implemented in the PHYLIP package performed slightly better than other methods. We further point out that we are not making the case that widespread ‘network’ constructing methods are bad, but that traditional phylogenetic tree finding methods are applicable to haplotypic data and exhibit reasonable performance with respect to accuracy and robustness. We also discuss some of the problems of converting a tree to a haplotype genealogy, in particular that it is nonunique.
Seroepidemiology of varicella‐zoster virus and reliability of varicella history in Turkish children, adolescents and adults
Authors: Koturoglu Guldane , Kurugol Zafer , Turkoglu Ebru 
Published: April 2011

SummaryKoturoglu G, Kurugol Z, Turkoglu E. Seroepidemiology of varicella‐zoster virus and reliability of varicella history in Turkish children, adolescents and adults. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 2011; 25: 388–393.This study aimed to assess the age specific varicella‐zoster virus (VZV) seroprevalence in Izmir, Turkey and to determine the reliability of a history of varicella to detect susceptible children, adolescents and adults. A questionnaire, including previous history of varicella, was completed for each participant and, in 590 of them, VZV‐specific IgG was measured using an ELISA test. Overall, 28.5% of individuals were seronegative for VZV. By 5 years of age, only 25.5% of children were seropositive for VZV. Among adolescents and young adults, 18.8% and 11.7% were seronegative, respectively. The negative predictive value was 57.8%, decreasing with age (81.9% in children, 34.5% in adolescents and 8.3% in adults). In conclusion, a negative history of varicella is not a reliable predictor of varicella antibody status in adolescents and young adults. Serological testing before immunisation will be logical, rather than presumptive vaccination, for adolescents and adults with negative history of varicella.
Carbonate pseudotachylytes: evidence for seismic faulting along carbonate faults
Authors: Viganò Alfio , Tumiati Simone , Recchia Sandro , Martin Silvana , Marelli Marcello , Rigon Riccardo 
Published: April 2011

Terra Nova, 23, 187–194, 2011AbstractThe Canalone Porta fault, developed within dolomitic and marly limestones in the Grigna Massif (Southern Alps, Italy), shows two types of reddish veins: one parallel to the principal slip plane (fault‐veins) and the other intruding the fault host rock (injection‐veins). The veins have a dominant carbonate composition and show a microtexture with millimetre‐sized clasts embedded in a fine‐grained matrix. This matrix is composed of micrometre‐sized globular clusters of micrometre‐ to nanometre‐sized calcite and dolomite crystals, bound together by K‐bearing aluminosilicate glass. Field and petrological data suggest that this carbonate‐rich matrix represents an undercooled melt‐bearing assemblage produced at T ≈ 700 °C and P ≈ 0.1–0.2 GPa. The Canalone Porta veins are therefore carbonate pseudotachylytes, i.e. the friction‐induced melting product of carbonate rocks. Herein, we discuss the scarcity of these rocks in general and criteria to find and recognize them along relatively deep fault zones.
Punch planting, flame weeding and delayed sowing to reduce intra‐row weeds in row crops
Authors: RASMUSSEN J , HENRIKSEN C B , GRIEPENTROG H W , NIELSEN J 
Published: April 2011

Rasmussen J, Henriksen CB, Griepentrog HW & Nielsen J (2011). Punch planting, flame weeding and delayed sowing to reduce intra‐row weeds in row crops. Weed Research51, 489–498.SummaryPunch planting has recently been suggested as a technique to reduce intra‐row weeds in organically grown row crops. The technique is to punch holes in the ground and seeds are then inserted, with a minimum of soil disturbance outside the hole. Two series of experiments with a tractor‐mounted prototype of a dibber drill (MK III) are presented. In the first series, three crop establishment procedures were compared over 2 years at five different sowing dates in sugar beet and direct‐sown onion. The crop establishment procedures were as follows: (i) normal sowing and mechanical control of weeds in the stale seedbed (N), (ii) N + pre‐emergence flame weeding (N + F) and (iii) punch planting and flame weeding to control weeds in the seedbed prior to crop emergence (P + F). The difference between N and N + F treatments quantifies the effect of pre‐emergence flame weeding, and the difference between N + F and P + F quantifies the effect of punch planting. Punch planting reduced the average intra‐row weed density by 37% in onion but had no main effect in sugar beet. In the second series of experiments in carrot, which compared the N + F and the P + F treatments only, punch planting reduced the average intra‐row weed density by 34%. Pre‐emergence flame weeding reduced the average weed density by 59% in onion and by 47% in sugar beet. Delayed sowing without pre‐emergence flame weeding only reduced weed emergence in 1 of 2 years, whereas delayed sowing had a more pronounced effect in flame‐weeded (N + F) and punch‐planted plots (P + F). In sugar beet and onion, there were complex interactions between crop establishment procedure, year and delayed sowing, which are partly explained by weather conditions and species‐specific germination patterns. It was concluded that technical improvements to the dibber drill (MK III) are required to take advantage of punch planting to reduce intra‐row weed densities.
Attitudes and beliefs of South African medical students toward organ transplantation
Authors: Sobnach Sanju , Borkum Megan , Millar Alastair J. W. , Hoffman Ross , Muller Elmi , McCurdie Fiona , Kahn Delawir 
Published: April 2011

Sobnach S, Borkum M, Millar AJW, Hoffman R, Muller E, McCurdie F, Kahn D. Attitudes and beliefs of South African medical students toward organ transplantation.  Clin Transplant 2011 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399‐0012.2011.01449.x.  © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  The aim of this study was to assess and analyse the attitudes and beliefs of medical students regarding organ donation, procurement, and transplantation. Medical students at the University of Cape Town were prospectively surveyed using a self‐administered questionnaire. There were 346 study participants; the mean age was 21 (range 18–33) yr, 38% were male and 62% was female. Only 8% of respondents were registered donors; clinical and white students constituted the majority of this group. Of the 315 “non‐donors,” the main reason for not donating was “I have not really thought about organ donation” (59%). Most students (91%) would accept an artificial organ; and 87% and 52% of students would accept human and animal organs respectively. Muslim students (11%, p < 0.05) and those who believe in an after‐life or reincarnation (18%, p = 0.00) were less willing to accept human or animal organs. About 95% of respondents stated that they would like to learn more about transplantation and would keep information about it in their practice but only 18% of respondents knew where to find information for potential donors and recipients. Most students have a favorable attitude toward organ transplantation; religion and belief systems impact on willingness to receive organs.
Aspergillus endocarditis in lung transplant recipients: case report and literature review
Authors: Lázaro M. , Ramos A. , Ussetti P. , Asensio A. , Laporta R. , Muñez E. , Sánchez‐Romero I. , Tejerina E. , Burgos R. , Moñivas V. , Varela A. 
Published: April 2011

M. Lázaro, A. Ramos, P. Ussetti, A. Asensio, R. Laporta, E. Muñez, I. Sánchez‐Romero, E. Tejerina, R. Burgos, V. Moñivas, A. Varela. Aspergillus endocarditis in lung transplant recipients: case report and literature review. Transpl Infect Dis 2011: 13: 186–191. All rights reservedAbstract: We present a case of endocarditis caused by Aspergillus in a lung transplant (LT) patient and review 6 previously reported cases. All cases were caused by Aspergillus fumigatus. Five patients (71%) were transplanted due to cystic fibrosis. None of the patients had any previously known valvular heart disease. The time that elapsed between LT surgery and the diagnosis of Aspergillus endocarditis was 8±6 months. Large peripheral emboli were observed in 6 patients (85%); blood cultures were negative in all. Transthoracic echocardiography did not detect the presence of vegetations in 3 patients (43%); the vegetations measured >1.5 cm in all cases. Five patients (71%) died from disseminated disease. Both survivors underwent combined therapy with antifungal drugs and surgical treatment.
Histochemical screening, metabolite profiling and expression analysis reveal Rosaceae roots as the site of flavan‐3‐ol biosynthesis
Authors: Hoffmann T. , Friedlhuber R. , Steinhauser C. , Tittel I. , Skowranek K. , Schwab W. , Fischer T. C. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractHistochemical screening of 30 Rosaceae genera representing all classic subfamilies demonstrated flavan‐3‐ols (catechins) as general secondary metabolites in roots of Rosaceae. Semi‐quantitative LC‐MS analyses confirmed the presence of catechin, epicatechin and various dimeric flavan‐3‐ols (also representing higher polymeric proanthocyanidins) as prominent polyphenols in root tips of Fragaria (strawberry), Malus (apple), Rosa (rose), Pyrus (pear) and Prunus (plum). Distinct patterns of flavan‐3‐ol distribution at the cellular level were found in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) and apple (Malus × domestica) root tips. The calyptras (root caps) showed the most prominent flavan‐3‐ol staining for these two genera. Border cells of Fragaria and Malus, as first demonstrated here for Rosaceae, were also found to contain flavan‐3‐ols. Transcript analyses with cDNA demonstrated root expression of known flavonoid genes expressed in the respective fruits and leaves. Primarily, this proves in situ biosynthesis of flavan‐3‐ols in these roots. Knowledge of the distinct cellular distribution patterns and their in situ biosynthesis in roots provides a basis for analysis of the functional roles of Rosaceae root flavan‐3‐ols.
Paramuricea clavata (Anthozoa, Octocorallia) loss in the Marine Protected Area of Tavolara (Sardinia, Italy) due to a mass mortality event
Authors: Huete‐Stauffer Carla , Vielmini Ilaria , Palma Marco , Navone Augusto , Panzalis Pier , Vezzulli Luigi , Misic Cristina , Cerrano Carlo 
Published: April 2011

AbstractRecent studies highlight an increase in the frequency and intensity of marine mass mortalities of several species over the past 30–40 years, mainly in tropical and temperate areas. In the Mediterranean Sea these episodes particularly affect benthic suspension feeders, such as sponges and cnidarians. The main objective of this work was to document the loss of one of the main Mediterranean seascapes, Paramuricea clavata forests at the Marine Protected Area of Tavolara Punta Coda Cavallo, Sardinia (Italy), during the summer of 2008. Data regarding colony height, density, level of damage, and microbiological community were collected at two sites. Such parameters help us understand how mass mortality mechanisms act on this ecosystem engineer. We identified a change in size class distribution following a mass mortality that leaves mainly small colonies with a decrease in habitat complexity. Several tests on water chemistry demonstrate that the mortality event was not caused by local contamination. Moreover, microbiological tests on potential pathogenic agents suggest that bacteria belonging to the genus Vibrio are present as an opportunistic and not an etiological cause of P. clavata mortality events. Possible restoration approaches are discussed.
Latitudinal range shifts in Australian flying‐foxes: A re‐evaluation
Authors: ROBERTS BILLIE J. , CATTERALL CARLA P. , EBY PEGGY , KANOWSKI JOHN 
Published: April 2011

AbstractRecent range shifts towards higher latitudes have been reported for many animals and plants in the northern hemisphere, and are commonly attributed to changes in climate. Relatively little is known about such changes in the southern hemisphere, although it has been suggested that latitudinal distributions of the fruit‐batsPteropus alectoandPteropus poliocephaluschanged during the 20th century in response to climate change in eastern Australia. However, historical changes in these species distributions have not been examined systematically. In this study we obtained historical locality records from a wide range of sources (including banding and museum records, government wildlife databases and unpublished records), and filtered them for reliability and spatial accuracy. The latitudinal distribution of each species was compared between eight time‐periods (1843–1920, 1921–1950, five 10‐year intervals between 1950 and 2000, and 2001–2007), using analyses of both the filtered point data (P. alecto870 records,P. poliocephalus2506) and presence/absence data within 50 × 50 km grid cells. The results do not support the hypothesis that either species range is shifting in a manner driven by climate change. First, neither the northern or southern range limits ofP. poliocephalus(Mackay, Queensland and Melbourne, Victoria respectively) changed over time. Second,P. alecto's range limit extended southward by 1168 km (approximately 10.5 degrees latitude) during the twentieth century (from approximately Rockhampton, Queensland to Sydney, New South Wales). Within this zone of southward expansion (25–29°S), the percentage of total records that wereP. alectoincreased from 8% prior to 1950 to 49% in the early 2000s, and local count data showed that its abundance increased from several hundred to more than 10 000 individuals at specific roost sites, as range expansion progressed.Pteropus alectoexpanded southward at about 100 km/decade, compared with the 10–26 km/decade rate of isotherm change, and analyses of historical weather data show that the species consequently moved into recently‐colder regions than it had previously occupied. Neither climate change nor habitat change could provide simple explanations to explainP. alecto's observed rapid range shift. More generally, climate change should not be uncritically inferred as a primary driver of species range shifts without careful quantitative analyses.
Effects of a short fire‐return interval on resources and assemblage structure of birds in a tropical savanna
Authors: VALENTINE LEONIE E. , SCHWARZKOPF LIN , JOHNSON CHRISTOPHER N. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractFire frequency is a key land management issue, particularly in tropical savannas where fire is widely used and fire recurrence times are often short. We used an extended Before‐After‐Control‐Impact design to examine the impacts of repeated wet‐season burning for weed control on bird assemblages in a tropical savanna in north Queensland, Australia. Experimentally replicated fire treatments (unburnt, singularly bunt, twice burnt), in two habitats (riparian and adjacent open woodland), were surveyed over 3 years (1 year before the second burn, 1 year post the second burn, 2 years post the second burn) to examine responses of birds to a rapid recurrence of fire. Following the second burn, species richness and overall bird abundance were lower in the twice‐burnt sites than either the unburnt or singularly burnt sites. Feeding group composition varied across year of survey, but within each year, feeding guilds grouped according to fire treatment. In particular, abundance of frugivores and insectivores was lower in twice‐burnt sites, probably because of the decline of a native shrub that produces fleshy fruits, Carissa ovata. Although broader climatic variability may ultimately determine overall bird assemblages, our results show that a short fire‐return interval will substantially influence bird responses at a local scale. Considering that fire is frequently used as a land management tool, our results emphasize the importance of determining appropriate fire‐free intervals.
Airborne laser scanning for vegetation structure quantification in a south east Australian scrubby forest‐woodland
Authors: JENKINS ROSS B. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAirborne laser scanning (ALS) has the potential to capture a range vegetation structural metrics, but most studies have focussed on conifer or mixed conifer‐deciduous cool‐temperate or boreal forests. This study focuses on a warm‐temperate eucalypt forest, where two epochs of ALS data, captured approximately 2 years apart, were compared with plot and transect field data collected after the second ALS epoch. Linear regression was used to compare metrics from field and ALS data, and Student's t‐tests were used to compare metrics from the two ALS epochs. Statistically significant relationships were found for tree height (R2 = 0.915; SE = 2.08 m; P < 0.01) and canopy cover (R2 = 0.508; SE = 16.4%; P < 0.01). Foliage projective cover was also significantly correlated (R2 = 0.916; SE = 4.5%; P < 0.01) at a 10‐m stratification, but not at the typically computed 2‐m stratification, because of the presence of a tall scrubby understorey. Statistically significant values were also obtained from ALS data captured 2 years earlier, although correlation was not as strong, most likely because of the greater interval between fieldwork and ALS capture. Importantly, significant agreement was found for all metrics when the two ALS epochs were compared, suggesting that the metrics are robust.
A clinical and radiological comparison of sigmoid diverticulitis episodes 1 and 2
Authors: Gervaz P. , Platon A. , Widmer L. , Ambrosetti P. , Poletti P.‐A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAim  After an initial uncomplicated attack, sigmoid diverticulitis may recur, but the morphological characteristics of recurrent diverticulitis have not been investigated. We compared the clinical and radiological severity, the respective location and clinical outcome of the first two episodes of sigmoid diverticulitis.Method  We reviewed the charts of 60 patients [median age 61 (range 31–90) years] who were admitted initially for a first episode of uncomplicated left colonic diverticulitis, and who were eventually readmitted for a second episode, both being documented by abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan.Results  The median delay between the two episodes was 19 (3–97) months. Six (10%) patients developed a second complicated episode of diverticulitis [Hinchey II (n = 2), CT‐guided percutaneous drainage; Hinchey III (n = 3), emergency Hartmann’s operation; colovesical fistula (n = 1), elective sigmoid resection]. Fifty‐four (90%) patients were admitted for a second episode of uncomplicated diverticulitis. In this group, the duration of hospital stay [11 (4–22) vs 10 (1–39) days, P = 0.28], serum levels of C‐reactive protein [131 (31–350) vs 112 (22–333) mm, P = 0.62] and CT scan‐based severity score [3 (1–6) vs 3 (0–7) points, P = 0.07] were similar between the two episodes. In 19 out of 54 (35%) patients with simple recurrent diverticulitis, although disease severity was similar, the disease topography differed and recurrence involved another segment of the left colon.Conclusion  The majority of patients who develop recurrence do so in a similar mode and location. However, 10% develop complicated diverticulitis and in 35% of patients recurrent diverticulitis occurs at a different location.