bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mohsin's Schoolchildren Eye Screening Program - Analysis of the Results
Authors: Syamala Pandiri Venkatagiri , Raju Ramya Seetam , Raju C. V. Gopal , Ahikrishna Rednam , Chetty A. V. N. 
Published: May 2024

Aim of the Study:
To determine the prevalence of ocular morbidity among government schoolchildren from Mohsin's Schoolchildren Eye Screening Program.

Design:
A school-based, observational study design.

Participants:
Schoolchildren between 1st and 10th standards across various government schools.

Materials and Methods:
Students of 429 government schools of Visakhapatnam were covered under this eye screening program. It was a three-staged program. In the first stage, 84,727 students were screened for visual impairment and the presence of any abnormality by trained teachers or optometrists. In the second stage, those who were identified were subjected to a detailed ocular examination and refraction in the school premises by trained optometrists. Glasses were dispensed for those who improved to normal visual acuity and treatment was given for minor ailments by optometrists, residents and ophthalmologists requiring further evaluation were referred to the base hospital for examination and appropriate management by an ophthalmologist in the third stage.

Results:
84,727 children from 429 schools were screened. Ocular morbidity was 6.07%. Refractive error was the most common ocular disorder identified in 3.74% with a significantly high rate among secondary schoolchildren (P < 0.001). Other common abnormalities found were color blindness (1.25%), allergic conjunctivitis (0.12%), squint (0.08%), infective conjunctivitis (0.02%), amblyopia (0.02%), and lid and adnexal disorders (0.02%).

Conclusion:
Ocular morbidity is a significant problem among schoolchildren. Visual impairment due to refractive errors is common and can be corrected by prescribing glasses. School screening programs are effective and essential in identifying ocular morbidity in schoolchildren.
A Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Study of Diabetic Retinopathy in An Urban Population
Authors: Keesara Ramya Reddy , Ather Mohammed , Reddy J. M. Lokabhi 
Published: May 2024

Background:
As the global prevalence of diabetes is on the rise, diabetic retinopathy (DR) is also projected to escalate. DR is one of the major causes of preventable blindness. Aims and Objectives: The rationale of this study is to ascertain and record knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) patterns among diabetics on diabetes and DR and to recognize the barriers to compliance to regular screening.

Materials and Method:
A cross-sectional study using a 43-point questionnaire was conducted in an urban population. Each response was assigned a score to attain aggregates and was further cataloged into “good,” “average/moderate,” and “poor” KAP categories using Microsoft Excel/SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences).

Results:
One hundred and ninety-six diabetics with a mean age of 59.89 ± 11.83 years were included in this study. “Good” knowledge scores seen in 28.6% showed a statistically significant association (P < 0.001) with “positive” attitude (28.6%) and “good” practice (33.7%) patterns. Women had better overall KAP scores. Good vision (65.6%) and unawareness (31.3%) were the major barriers to compliance.

Conclusions:
Awareness of DR is lagging even amid educated urban population. Establishing diabetic morbidity and retinopathy awareness with emphasis on necessity of timely screening and treatment might be the way forward in this pandemic period.
Estimation of Serum Mineral Levels in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Sandhya C. S. , Devi N. G. Prasoona , Pulaganti Madhusudana , Shambhavi G. K. , Padmavathi V. , Lalitha J. Sri 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) is a highly prevalent progressive retinal disorder which has multiple genetic, environmental, and nutritional risk factors, but the exact etiology is not yet fully understood. To unravel the mysterious etiology of ARMD, more than 100 different compounds have been analyzed in the blood, serum, plasma, aqueous, and vitreous humor for their association with AMD. The present study aims to estimate the serum levels of zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and selenium (Se) in ARMD patients when compared to normal.

Aim:
The aim of this study is to estimate the serum levels of Zn, Mn, and Se in ARMD patients and age-matched controls and to find out if any homeostatic alterations of these minerals occur in ARMD patients when compared to controls.

Study Design:
An observational study (pilot study).

Methodology:
50 ARMD patients and 60 age matched controls included in the study were subjected to a detailed ocular examination . Fundus photography and Ocular Coherence Tomography were done in all ARMD patients. 5 ml of blood sample was collected from all cases and controls and sent for the estimation of serum levels of Zn, Mn, and Se. The results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis.

Results:
There was no statistically significant difference in the mean serum levels of Zn and Se between cases and controls. However, serum Mn showed a higher level in controls when compared to cases, and the difference was statistically significant.

Conclusion:
The present study showed a causal relationship between serum Mn level and ARMD.
Effect of diet low in advanced glycation end products on appetite, body composition, and brown adipose tissue markers in patients with coronary artery disease treated with angioplasty: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Taheri Fatemeh , Vasheghani-Farahani Ali , Honarkar-Shafie Elaheh , Poorhosseini Hamidreza , Yaseri Mehdi , Hosseinzadeh-Attar Mohammad Javad 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Recent changes in dietary habits have resulted in increased intake of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which are known to have a predominant contribution to the pathogenesis and complications of coronary artery disease (CAD). AGEs are also thought to induce weight gain by affecting appetite, energy expenditure, and brown adipose tissue (BAT). Here, we investigated whether the restriction of dietary AGEs could affect appetite, body composition, anthropometric indices, and BAT-derived markers in CAD patients treated with angioplasty.

Materials and Methods:
Forty-two stented CAD patients were randomly allocated into two groups that received either a low-AGEs or a control diet for 12 weeks. At baseline and postintervention, fasting blood samples were analyzed for total AGEs, nesfatin-1, and BAT-derived markers (fibroblast growth factor 21 and neuregulin 4). Subjective appetite ratings and body composition were evaluated using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and bioelectric impedance analysis. Anthropometric indices, including fat mass index (FMI), abdominal volume index (AVI), and body adiposity index (BAI), were calculated through the relevant formula.

Results:
Restricting dietary AGEs for 12 weeks could cause a significant reduction in weight, FMI, AVI, and BAI (P < 0.05) compared to the comparison group. In addition, VAS data analyses indicated a significant decrease in the sense of hunger and prospective food intake (P < 0.05) in the intervention group compared to the comparison group. No significant difference was seen in the measured biochemical markers between the two groups.

Conclusion:
This study indicated that the low-AGEs diet could decrease appetite, weight, and anthropometric indices in stented CAD patients.
Effects of probiotic supplementation on semen parameters after varicocelectomy: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Asadi Mousa , Gholipour Farshad , Rahavian Amirhossein , Javanbakht Mohammad 
Published: May 2024

Background:
The use of probiotics in the treatment of infertility is a new area of research. In this study, our objective was to examine the efficacy of probiotic supplementation on semen parameters following varicocelectomy.

Materials and Methods:
We included infertile men in our study who were the candidates for subinguinal microscopic varicocelectomy. After the surgical procedure, the patients were randomly assigned into two groups: 38 individuals received probiotic supplementation (FamiLact®), while 40 individuals received a placebo for 3 months. We compared the preoperative semen parameters with the postoperative parameters to evaluate the effects of probiotic supplementation.

Results:
A total of 78 patients were included in the study. The two groups were similar in terms of age, body mass index, infertility period, and semen parameters at baseline (P > 0.05). A statistically significant difference was found in sperm concentration (33.7 ± 22.5 vs. 21.1 ± 16.1 × 106/mL, P = 0.046), and the percentage of sperms with normal morphology (15.0 ± 8.9 vs. 12.0 ± 11.5, P = 0.016) at 3 months favoring the probiotic group. Although the probiotic group exhibited higher values for semen volume and sperm motility at 3 months, the differences were not statistically significant (P = 0.897 and P = 0.177, respectively).

Conclusion:
Our study demonstrates that the short-term use of probiotics after varicocelectomy can provide additional benefits in improving semen parameters. Probiotic supplements are cost-effective and well tolerated, making them a suitable option for enhancing the outcomes of varicocelectomy.
Use of Platelet-Rich Fibrin in Hypospadias Surgery
Authors: Nerli Rajendra B. , Rangrez S. , Saniya C. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Hypospadias is a common congenital anomaly. Treatment for hypospadias is surgical, but there is no technique that is recognized as the gold standard. The most common complication occurring after hypospadias repair is urethrocutaneous fistula with a reported incidence varying from 4% to 28%. The use of an intermediate layer between the neourethra and the skin is one of the most important techniques used to reduce the likelihood of fistula formation. Several coverage techniques have been described including local subcutaneous penile tissue, tunica vaginalis, dartos, and extragenital tissues. In addition to tissue flaps, fibrin sealants have been introduced to prevent fistula formation. Platelet-rich fibrin membrane is an autologous source of growth factors and has been used to prevent fistulous complications.
In silico Method Potential Therapeutic Use of Janus Kinase Inhibitors as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Main Protease Inhibitors
Authors: Gharge Shankar , Hiremath Sushmita I. , Menasinakai Akshata S. , Palled Mahesh S. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), it is an infectious respiratory disease caused by SARS corona virus 2 (SARS CoV-2). There are several reports of using JAK (Janus kinase)-inhibitors in persons with COVID-19 and the use of these decreased the use of invasive mechanical ventilation and increased survival. There are several ongoing and randomized controlled trials evaluating the therapeutic potential of Janus Kinase inhibitors (JAK i) in severe COVID-19. The structure, metabolic pathways and pathophysiology of COVID-19 associated diseases is important to identify possible drug targets. Hence in 2020, successful crystallized structure of the main protease (Mpro) from COVID-19 has been structured and repositioned in the Protein Data Bank (PDB), which is a potential target for the inhibition of CoV replication.

Aims and Objectives:
As there are no computational studies have been reported on computer based screening on Janus Kinase inhibitors to investigate its drug likeness properties and ADME profile along with some toxicity investigations. Hence an attempt has been made to study drug likeness properties and ADME profile of selected Janus Kinase inhibitors using computer applications and servers. Materials and Methods: The admetSAR and SwissADME servers are used for describing the molecular properties, which is important for a drug pharmacokinetics in the human body and molecular docking study to predict hypothetical binding affinity of protein is mainly done by PyRx 0.8 and visualizied by Biovia Discovery Studio 2021.

Results:
We have selected few Janus Kinase inhibitors (JAK i) as ligands such as Baricitinib, Upadacitinib, Oclacitinib, Tofacitinib, Ruxolitinib, Fedratinib, Peficitinib and Filgotinib and binding energy score of all inhibitors found to be -6.8, -6.8, -6.7, -5.7, -6.8, -7.7, -6.7 and -7.8 kcal/mol, respectively. Conclusion: The docking analysis in the present study showed the inhibition potential of several compounds, ranked by affinity Filgotinib > Fedratinib >Ruxolitinib, Upadacitinib, Baricitinib > Oclacitinib, Peficitinib > Tofacitinib which were the most recommended Janus Kinase inhibitor (JAKI) found as potential inhibitors of COVID-19 M pro, which should be explored in future research.
Assessment of Anxiety and Behavior Changes on Digital Education in Undergraduate Dental Students during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kothiwale Shaila V. , Padhye Vishakha Keshav 
Published: May 2024

Context:
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, to avoid community spread of the disease, various academic institutions were closed to prevent infecting the students. Hence their relocation from the institution resulted in online academic learning. Reports indicated that the students undergoing online academic learning experienced distress in the form of anxiety, anger and insomnia.

Aims:
The aim of this study was to assess the changes in mental attitude, behavioral pattern, and anxiety level along with the impact of online education on academics so as to receive suggestions regarding digital education from undergraduate dental students.

Settings and Design:
An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted formulating online semi-structured, open-ended questionnaires, to obtain inputs regarding digital education using Google Forms and the snowball sampling method.

Subjects and Methods:
The data collection was initiated on August 6 at 4 PM IST and closed on August 13, 2020, at 4 PM IST. We received the response from 488 students from five dental institutions of Karnataka, Maharashtra, and Andhra Pradesh. Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel for obtaining an overall percentage of mental attitude, anxiety, behavior changes, and academics. IBM SPSS Statistics 20 software was used to evaluate correlation among all parameters with the analysis of variance test.

Results:
A statistically significant association was seen between digital education with anxiety (P = 0.015), behavior changes (P = 0.000), and academics (P = 0.000). Students contributed positive inputs to enhance the learning outcome in academics on the digital platform.

Conclusions:
Online academic sessions have eased the learning process to a certain extent, but this mode of education needs more refinement in the form of clinical demonstration videos, sharing of study material, well-planned and spaced definite timetable, and postsession evaluation. These suggestions were put forth by the students as feedback to make the experience entirely stress-free and aid their learning process.
Exploring the Scope of Task-Based Learning in Undergraduate Medical Education
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh RamBihariLal , Shrivastava Prateek Saurabh 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The field of medicine is extremely vast and dynamic and it becomes really challenging for the medical undergraduate students to master all the subject specific competencies within the available timeframe of the course. The current review is done with an aim to assess the utility of task-based learning in undergraduate medical education. An extensive search of all materials related to the topic was carried out in the PubMed search engine and a total of 13 studies similar to current study objectives were selected for the review. Task-based learning refers to a teaching-learning methodology that is being employed in the clinical years in a medical institution. This method has its root originating from problem-based learning and it also advocates integrated teaching by providing students with a multi-specialty clinical exposure, that eventually creates a number of learning opportunities and makes the entire experience enriching. The selected task should be the one that represents a frequent concern of the local community, and should have specific learning objectives for making progress in clinical medicine. In conclusion, task-based learning is a holistic and a transdisciplinary approach to help the medical students to develop clinical competencies. Further, owing to the integration of clinical and basic science subjects in authentic clinical settings, the students learn the art of providing a holistic clinical care, while being motivated and satisfied with the entire learning experience.
Prevalence of Depression among Pharmacy Students of Gujarat
Authors: Sajan Cyril , Patel Harsh , Patel Dullari , Patet Twinkal , Vadodariya Bhumi , Rajput Hemraj Singh 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Depression is one of the most common mental disorders. There is evidence that depression is more common among college students. Diminished capacity to do regular chores and decreased quality of life are frequent complaints. The objectives of our study are to assess the depression in gender disparity and to assess the depression in the field of pharmacy on graduate and undergraduate students.

Materials and Methods:
In India, from the state of Gujarat, 7 institutes participated in the study. The updated Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale was implemented in this investigation. The sample size is 370 in total.

Results:
Among 370 students, 56.49% were male and 43.51% were female. The study has shown that students of pharmacy who lived at their relative’s place have experienced severe depression in a greater number (81.36%). Mild depression was commonly found in students who lived at home (35.32%). Students who were new to course, i.e., 1st-year students in a greater number have experienced severe depression (67.19%). A greater number of students from colleges of the east-central area suffered from severe depression (33.78%). Severe depression was found to be common in M. Pharm students among all students (70.83%).

Conclusion:
The study indicated that male students were more likely than female students to experience more depression. Students who were new to the course and students who were in master degree had a higher risk of severe depression.
Cyanocobalamin-Induced Anaphylactic Reaction
Authors: Sajan Cyril , Jacob Elizabeth 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
It is widely recognized that Vitamin B12, also known as cyanocobalamin, is a nutrient that keeps the body’s nerves and blood cells healthy and contributes in deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis. Megaloblastic anemia, a form of anemia that causes fatigue and weakness, can be prevented with Vitamin B12. The main objective of this case report was to draw attention to the rare hypersensitive reactions which can occur after injecting Vitamin B12 supplement therapy. The abovementioned reaction could be a result to an immunoglobulin E-mediated reaction or due to sensitization to the Vitamin B12 molecule itself. Here, we have reported the case of a 25-year-old female patient, a known case of pulmonary tuberculosis, who was hospitalized and on medication of fixed dose of directly observed treatment, short-course, nebulizer Combimist, tablet beclomethasone, and cyanocobalamin injection. We deduce that the anaphylactoid reaction to Vitamin B12 is a rare but serious side effect and that it should be vigilantly monitored while administering the drug to the patient, especially if the parenteral route is preferred.
Effect of Flutter Along with Conventional Chest Physiotherapy on Peak Expiratory Flow Rate among Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Patients
Authors: Kapadia Sabnam , Chokshi Tejas Rameshchandra , Patel Mansi 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) is extensively used to treat patients with heart problems. As it is a major surgery involving the thoracic cavity, lung function may be compromised postoperatively. Pulmonary dysfunction following CABG is inevitable. Chest physiotherapy (CPT) is a treatment to prevent postoperative pulmonary complications. Flutter is a form of positive expiratory pressure device in combination with high-frequency oscillation; it gives independence to patients and is easy to use for airway clearance.

Aim:
To study the effect of flutter along with conventional CPT on peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) among CABG patients.

Methodology:
Twenty-seven CABG patients were selected through simple random sampling and assigned into two groups. Group 1 consisting of 13 patients was treated with conventional CPT, whereas Group 2 consisting of 14 patients was treated with flutter along conventional CPT. Pre- and post-physiotherapy PEFR was noted.

Results:
The data were analyzed using a paired and unpaired t-test, and there was significant improvement seen in Group 2 as compared to Group 1 (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Flutter device should be amalgamated as a routine practice along with other CPT techniques in CABG patients which can have positive results in airway clearance and thereby improving PEFR.
Newer Prospects of Regenerative Endodontics: A Comprehensive and Updated Review of Literature
Authors: Khan Mohammad Kamran , Jindal Mahendra Kumar 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In pediatric dental patients, the management of nonvital immature teeth with undeveloped root in endodontic practice pose difficult and cumbersome clinical situations or challenges for the dental practitioners owing to the various factors, namely, the shorter root with thinner dentinal walls and the lack of apical closure make the affected tooth difficult to obturate conventionally and also make more vulnerable to root fracture. Conventionally, apexification and later apical barrier/plug endodontic modalities have been widely undertaken for such affected teeth. However, such treatment approaches have several intrinsic shortcomings such as uncertain long-term treated tooth prognosis. Since recent years, a biologically based therapeutic endodontic approach known as regenerative endodontic therapy has been or being extensively explored or studied to overcome the drawbacks of previous conventional treatment modalities and also to improve the long-term prognosis of the affected immature nonvital teeth in children and adolescents. Regenerative endodontics is a rapidly evolving subject and also a promising treatment modality for the scientific researchers and clinicians, respectively. Hence, the present article aims to comprehensively and critically appraise the recent literature pertaining to regenerative endodontic procedures. The relevant literature regarding the regenerative endodontics was searched in electronic databases. The articles were retrieved using Boolean operators with relevant keywords/Medical Subject Headings. The included relevant articles were critically appraised in the present review. The latest important aspects of regenerative endodontic have been described in a systematic manner for its better understanding and deeper insights for the general and pediatric dental professionals.