bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐reported internalization symptoms and family factors in indigenous Sami and non‐Sami adolescents in North Norway
Authors: Bals Margrethe , Turi Anne Lene , Vitters⊘ Joar , Skre Ingunn , Kvernmo Siv 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThrough differences in family socialization between indigenous and non‐indigenous youth, there may be cultural differences in the impact of family factors on mental health outcome. Using structural equation modelling, this population‐based study explored the relationship between symptoms of anxiety and depression and family factors in indigenous Sami and non‐Sami boys and girls in North Norway. The findings show that family income was to a lesser degree related to internalization symptoms for Sami youth than non‐Sami youth. For all groups except for Sami girls, family conflict and moving was associated with increasing symptoms. Sami boys differed from the other three groups with regard to the relationship between family connectedness and symptom level. These interaction effects were discussed in light of traditional Sami values and gender socialization. The present study has indicated that in the family socialization context, culture may be related to internalization symptoms in youth.
Perinatal effect of methamphetamine on nociception in adult Wistar rats
Authors: Yamamotová A. , Hrubá L. , Schutová B. , Rokyta R. , Šlamberová R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMethamphetamine is a psychostimulant drug which causes the release of monoamine neurotransmitters. Although drugs of abuse are known to have analgesic effects, there is a lack of evidence regarding the effect of prenatal exposure to methamphetamine on nociception in adulthood. Adult Wistar rats whose mothers had received daily exposure to methamphetamine (5 mg/kg; s.c.) or saline, during gestation or gestation and lactation periods, were examined for: (1) gender differences in nociception; (2) an association between nociception and gross‐motor behavior in the plantar test; (3) effects of cross‐fostering on nociception; and (4) analgesic effects of an acute injection of methamphetamine (1 mg/kg s.c.). Nociception was tested using the plantar test on postnatal days 85–90. Prenatal methamphetamine increased sensitivity to pain on forelimbs (p < 0.0001) and hind limbs (p < 0.05) in females only. Prenatal methamphetamine treated male rats fostered by adoptive injection stressed mothers had higher sensitivity to pain than prenatally injection stressed rats fostered by methamphetamine treated mothers (p < 0.05). Acute methamphetamine induced analgesia faster in prenatally methamphetamine exposed rats than in controls. In all groups, analgesia increased in the cranio‐caudal direction (p < 0.0001). From our behavioral data it can be concluded that exposure to methamphetamine during the prenatal period completely dissociates the relationship between nociception and intensity of overall behavior observed in intact animals in adulthood. Thus, our results indicate that perinatal exposure to psychostimulants may have long‐term impact on several functions related to dopaminergic system.
Three phases of DiGeorge/22q11 deletion syndrome pathogenesis during brain development: Patterning, proliferation, and mitochondrial functions of 22q11 genes
Authors: Meechan D.W. , Maynard T.M. , Tucker E.S. , LaMantia A.‐S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDiGeorge, or 22q11 deletion syndrome (22q11DS), the most common survivable human genetic deletion disorder, is caused by deletion of a minimum of 32 contiguous genes on human chromosome 22, and presumably results from diminished dosage of one, some, or all of these genes—particularly during development. Nevertheless, the normal functions of 22q11 genes in the embryo or neonate, and their contribution to developmental pathogenesis that must underlie 22q11DS are not well understood. Our data suggests that a substantial number of 22q11 genes act specifically and in concert to mediate early morphogenetic interactions and subsequent cellular differentiation at phenotypically compromised sites—the limbs, heart, face and forebrain. When dosage of a broad set of these genes is diminished, early morphogenesis is altered, and initial 22q11DS phenotypes are established. Thereafter, functionally similar subsets of 22q11 genes—especially those that influence the cell cycle or mitochondrial function—remain expressed, particularly in the developing cerebral cortex, to regulate neurogenesis and synaptic development. When dosage of these genes is diminished, numbers, placement and connectivity of neurons and circuits essential for normal behavior may be disrupted. Such disruptions likely contribute to vulnerability for schizophrenia, autism, or attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder seen in most 22q11DS patients.
Correlation between overexpression of transforming growth factor‐beta 1 in occluded fallopian tubes and postsurgical pregnancy among infertile women
Authors: Li Zhengyu , Sun Ying , Min Wenjiao , Zhang Dan 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the expression profiles of transforming growth factor‐beta 1 (TGF‐β1) and its receptors in occluded tubes of infertile women with those of control patients and to evaluate the potential correlation with postsurgical pregnancy outcome.MethodsThe expression profiles of TGF‐β1, TGF‐β1R1, and TGF‐β1R2 in occluded fallopian tubes were compared using immunohistochemistry between 60 infertile patients with adhered tubes and 60 control patients with normal tubes; potential correlations with postsurgical fertility were evaluated at 2‐year follow up.ResultsImmunostainings of TGF‐β1, TGF‐β1R1, and TGF‐β1R2 were all significantly elevated in patients with adhered tubes compared with normal specimens (P < 0.001). In adhered specimens, correlation analyses showed positive correlations between TGF‐β1 and TGF‐β1R1 (P = 0.008), and TGF‐β1 and TGF‐β1R2 (P = 0.035). At 2‐year follow up, 32 of the 60 infertile women had achieved normal pregnancies, 5 had had ectopic pregnancies, and 23 remained infertile. Correlation analysis showed that TGF‐β1 expression level was negatively correlated with pregnancy outcome (r = –0.445, P < 0.001), independent of adhesion severity or patient age.ConclusionTGF‐β1 expression was independently correlated with the postsurgical pregnancy outcome among infertile women.
Cancer secretomics reveal pathophysiological pathways in cancer molecular oncology
Authors: Karagiannis George S. , Pavlou Maria P. , Diamandis Eleftherios P. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractEmerging proteomic tools and mass spectrometry play pivotal roles in protein identification, quantification and characterization, even in complex biological samples. The cancer secretome, namely the whole collection of proteins secreted by cancer cells through various secretory pathways, has only recently been shown to have significant potential for diverse applications in oncoproteomics. For example, secreted proteins might represent putative tumor biomarkers or therapeutic targets for various types of cancer. Consequently, many proteomic strategies for secretome analysis have been extensively deployed over the last few years. These efforts generated a large amount of information awaiting deeper mining, better understanding and careful interpretation. Distinct sub‐fields, such as degradomics, exosome proteomics and tumor‐host cell interactions have been developed, in an attempt to provide certain answers to partially elucidated mechanisms of cancer pathobiology. In this review, advances, concerns and challenges in the field of secretome analysis as well as possible clinical applications are discussed.
THE PREVALENCE OF, AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH, OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY IN BOTSWANA
Authors: LETAMO GOBOPAMANG 
Published: September 2010

SummaryThe aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of, and socio-demographic factors associated with, overweight and obesity in Botswana. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2007 using a multistage sampling method to select a representative sample of 4107 men and 4916 women aged 20–49 years. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the socio-demographic factors associated with overweight and obesity. Mean BMI values for men and women were 21.7 kg/m2 and 24.4 kg/m2, respectively. Both overweight and obesity levels were higher among women than men. Overall, 23% of women were overweight compared with 13% of men. Obese women constituted about 15% compared with only 3% of men. However, 19% of men were underweight compared with 12% of women. The main socio-demographic factors associated with overweight and obesity were being older, living in a city/town, being married and having attained higher levels of education, and these relationships were statistically significant at the 5% level. Although over-nutrition is prevalent among adult female Batswana, underweight remains an important public health problem for males. Programmes and other interventions aimed at concurrently addressing both under-nutrition and overweight need to be developed.
Empirical foundations for the diagnosis of somatization: implications for DSM-5
Authors: Rosmalen J. G. M. , Tak L. M. , de Jonge P. 
Published: September 2010

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to develop empirically validated criteria for the diagnoses of clinically relevant somatization.MethodThis study was performed in a population-representative cohort consisting of 461 males (47.8%) and 503 females (52.2%), with an average age of 55.8 years (s.d.=11.1). Somatization, anxiety and depression were derived from the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Mplus was used to perform confirmative factor analyses on the current DSM-IV symptom groups; on alternative symptom clusters previously suggested; and to perform latent class analysis in order to define an empirically derived cut-off for somatization.ResultsThe existence of symptom groups as described in DSM-IV was not supported by our data, whereas a differentiation between cardiopulmonary, musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal and general somatic symptoms did fit our data. Latent class analysis revealed two classes characterized by few (n=859) and many (n=105) symptoms. The class of subjects could be approached by a simple cut-off of four functional symptoms (sensitivity 79%, specificity 98%, positive predictive value 82%, negative predictive value 97%) regardless of the number of organ systems involved.ConclusionsThis study in a large population-representative cohort suggests that a simple symptom count can be used as a dimensional diagnosis of somatization. In those instances in which a categorical diagnosis is preferred, a simple cut-off of four out of 43 functional symptoms best fitted our data. We did not find any added value for incorporating the number of symptom clusters into the diagnostic criteria.
The Shade of Homer Exorcises the Ghost of De Quincey: Tennyson's “The Lotos-Eaters”
Authors: Stevenson Catherine Barnes 
Published: September 2010

… a great difference of opinion has prevailed among the moderns concerning what the ancients intended by thelotus: for the history of it, as it has come down to us, is mixed with fable, from having previously passed through the hands of the poets.The name ‘lotus’ was applied by the ancients indifferently to a number of quite different families of plants, notably (1) the true lotus … (2) the shrub or tree Zizyphus, Jujuba, whose berries were eaten by tribes in North Africa (3) trefoils, clovers, and melilots. … The lotus which men really ate was what I have called the true lotus, of which there are two varieties to be considered: (1) Nelumbo, the Indian lotus, and (2) Nymphaea, the Egyptian lotus, both of the family Nymphaeaceae.
Fertility history and quality of life in older women and men
Authors: READ SANNA , GRUNDY EMILY 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTIn this paper we examine associations between the fertility histories of older British women and men and their quality of life using data on a sample of 6,374 men and women born between 1923 and 1949 drawn from the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS). Quality of life in 2001 was measured using scores from the four subscales of the CASP-19 questionnaire: control, autonomy, pleasure and self-realisation. Fertility histories were derived using information on the births of children collected in all waves of the BHPS. The aspects of fertility history investigated were number of children born and parents' ages at birth of first and last child. Age, education, marital status, tenure status, smoking, co-residence with one or more children, perceived social support and health limitations were included as covariates. The results suggested that early entry to parenthood and to some extent high parity were related to poorer quality of life. These associations were mostly mediated by socio-economic, social support and health factors. Compared to women with two children, nulliparous women expressed a higher level of autonomy, and both nulliparous women and those with four or more children a higher level of self-realisation. Low parity was related to a lower level of pleasure, especially among men, but this relationship appeared weaker and among women was not significant when background factors were controlled.
Plunder, Restitution, and International Law
Authors: Sandholtz Wayne 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe RussianFederal Law on Cultural Valuables Displaced to the USSR as a Result of the Second World War and Located on the Territory of the Russian Federationpurports to establish the legal basis for the Russian state to hold permanent title to the vast majority of the cultural valuables removed from Germany to the Soviet Union at the end of World War II. Russia claims that the cultural objects seized by the Soviet Union constitute “compensatory restitution” for the hundreds of thousands of cultural and artistic valuables seized or destroyed by the Nazis during the war. This article assesses the compatibility of the Russian claim with relevant international law. It does so by tracing the development of the international antiplunder legal regime. It then assesses the Russian claim with respect to three categories of cultural valuables, based on prewar ownership: property belonging to private persons and organizations, property belonging to nonenemy states, and property belonging to enemy states (Axis powers). “Compensatory restitution” does not exist as a category or principle in international law, so the analysis focuses on the legal concept that is most similar and therefore of potential relevance, restitution in kind. If restitution in kind is impermissible under international law, then the broader “compensatory restitution” is, with even greater force, also impermissible. The key finding is that international law does not permit “compensatory restitution,” nor does it permit unilateral seizures of cultural objects under some broader notion of compensation.
Trophy Art as Ambassadors: Reflections Beyond Diplomatic Deadlock in the German-Russian Dialogue
Authors: Eichwede Wolfgang 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis article provides brief coverage of the Russian-German dialogue since 1991 and the search for solutions about looted art of German ownership seized at the end of the Second World War and still held in Russia. So far, while Russia and Germany regard themselves as partners and friends in political and economic realms, they have been unable to find agreement about the looted art. Germany seems no longer to retain Russian cultural goods plundered during the war, whereas Russia still possesses a significant amount of German cultural assets. On the basis of existing treaties and international law, Germany demands its restitution. Russia, on the other hand, has nationalized the confiscated goods in 1998 as compensation for its own war losses. Nevertheless, not a few citizens of both countries have been returning artworks and books privately, in some cases supported by the governments. A convincing solution for the general problem can only be found if the treasures, which in the past have been understood as trophies, could be transformed into cultural ambassadors, while dialogue and the search for new ways continue within the framework of a policy of reconciliation. This approach also includes further research and analysis of the Russian cultural losses resulting from the war, a project undertaken in the 1990s at the Forschungsstelle Osteuropa (Research Center for Eastern Europe) of the University of Bremen, as briefly described in an appendix to the article.
Increased A-to-I RNA editing of the transcript for GABAA receptor subunit α3 during chick retinal development
Authors: RING HENRIK , BOIJE HENRIK , DANIEL CHAMMIRAN , OHLSON JOHAN , ÖHMAN MARIE , HALLBÖÖK FINN 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAdenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing is a cotranscriptional or posttranscriptional gene regulatory mechanism that increases the diversity of the proteome in the nervous system. Recently, the transcript for GABA type A receptor subunit α3 was found to be subjected to RNA editing. The aim of this study was to determine if editing of the chicken α3 subunit transcript occurs in the retina and if the editing is temporally regulated during development. We also raised the question if editing of the α3 transcript was temporally associated with the suggested developmental shift from excitation to inhibition in the GABA system. The editing frequency was studied by using Sanger and Pyrosequencing, and to monitor the temporal aspects, we studied the messenger RNA expression of the GABAA receptor subunits and chloride pumps, known to be involved in the switch. The results showed that the chick α3 subunit was subjected to RNA editing, and its expression was restricted to cells in the inner nuclear and ganglion cell layer in the retina. The extent of editing increased during development (after embryonic days 8–9) concomitantly with an increase of expression of the chloride pump KCC2. Expression of several GABAA receptor subunits known to mediate synaptic GABA actions was upregulated at this time. We conclude that editing of the chick GABAA subunit α3 transcript in chick retina gives rise to an amino acid change that may be of importance in the switch from excitatory to inhibitory receptors.
Colonization of an island volcano, Long Island, Papua New Guinea, and an emergent island, Motmot, in its caldera lake. III. Colonization by birds
Authors: Schipper Clinton , Shanahan Mike , Cook Simon , Thornton Ian W. B. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractLocation, AimLong Island, 55 km north of New Guinea, erupted explosively in the seventeenth century and has been recolonized by animals and plants. Effectively in 1968, an island, Motmot, emerged from Long's 13 km‐diameter fresh‐water caldera lake, about 4 km from the nearest shore. A nested pair of colonization sequences is thus available for study. Long Island has been recolonized by birds, and Motmot has been colonized, presumably from the surrounding ring of Long Island. In order to monitor further colonization of Long Island following bird surveys in 1933 and 1972, and to survey the birds of Motmot, Motmot and the western parts of Long were visited for 15 days in 1999.ResultsIn the last 66 years one species probably has become extinct; in the past 27 years three species have colonized and three, present in 1972, were not recorded in 1999. We assess the present number of nonmigrant land bird species as fifty. On Motmot, we recorded eight species, three breeding, and found two more only as prey remains (three raptor species were seen on the island).Main conclusionsLong Island's avifauna still has youthful features. Species with good colonizing ability predominate, and there are no island‐endemic subspecies. There is a persistently high proportion of supertramps; none of the ten supertramps has been replaced by later‐colonizing ‘high‐S' species. A quasi‐equilibrium of about fifty species, fourteen fewer than the predicted equilibrium number for the island, has persisted for at least seven decades and may be seen as that appropriate to the present prolonged stage of Long's floral and vegetational development. Compared with the younger avifauna of Krakatau, Long's avifauna has a higher proportion of nectarivores, predators of large invertebrates and small vertebrates, and ground‐foraging insectivore‐herbivores, and a lower proportion of the insectivore‐frugivore guild. Motmot's small avifauna consists predominantly of species obtaining subsistence from outside the island.
First Report of Pathogenicity of Fusarium sporotrichioides and Fusarium acuminatum on Sunflowers in the United States
Authors: Mathew F. , Kirkeide B. , Gulya T. , Markell S. 
Published: September 2010

Widespread infection of charcoal rot was observed in a commercial sunflower field in Minnesota in September 2009. Based on morphology, isolates were identified as F. sporotrichioides and F. acuminatum. Koch's postulates demonstrated pathogencity of both species. To our knowledge, this is the first report of F. sporotrichoides and F. acuminatum causing disease on Helianthus annuus L. in the United States. Accepted for publication 23 August 2010. Published 15 September 2010.
Components Acting Downstream of Short Day Perception Regulate Differential Cessation of Cambial Activity and Associated Responses in Early and Late Clones of Hybrid Poplar
Authors: Resman Lars , Howe Glenn , Jonsen David , Englund Madeleine , Druart Nathalie , Schrader Jarmo , Antti Henrik , Skinner Jeff , Sjödin Andreas , Chen Tony , Bhalerao Rishikesh P. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractShort days (SDs) in autumn induce growth cessation, bud set, cold acclimation, and dormancy in trees of boreal and temperate forests, and these responses occur earlier in northern than in southern genotypes. Nevertheless, we know little about whether this variation results from differential perception of SDs or differential downstream responses to the SD signal or a combination of the two. We compared global patterns of SD-regulated gene expression in the stems of hybrid poplar (Populus trichocarpa × Populus deltoides) clones that differ in their SD-induced growth cessation in order to address this question. The timing of cessation of cambial cell division caused by SDs differed between the clones and was coincident with the change in the pattern of expression of the auxin-regulated genes. The clones also differed in the timing of their SD-regulated changes in the transcript abundance of genes associated with cold tolerance, starch breakdown, and storage protein accumulation. By analyzing the expression of homologs of FLOWERING LOCUS T, we demonstrated that the clones differed little in their perception of SDs under the growth conditions applied but differed substantially in the downstream responses manifested in the timing and magnitude of gene expression after SD treatment. These results demonstrate the existence of factors that act downstream of SD perception and can contribute to variation in SD-regulated adaptive photoperiodic responses in trees.