bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histone‐like protein fractions of Kluyveromyces fragilis and their relation to the cell cycle
Authors: Penman C. S. , Duffus J. H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractProtein fractions were obtained from Kluyveromyces fragilis by pH titration, a technique used for histone extraction, following the inclusion of a distilled water extraction stage, and the fractions partially characterized. The inclusion of a distilled water step resulted in a tenfold purification of the fraction obtained at pH 2.20 as compared with pH titration alone. In synchronous cultures induced with 2′‐deoxyadenosine or prepared by selection this fraction displayed a stepwise accumulation, and doubled in quantity at a point about one third of a cycle after cell division. The fraction obtained at pH 1.35 resembled calf thymus f2a2 histone in its extraction properties and amino acid composition, and also showed a possible stepwise accumulation. Other fractions appear to accumulate exponentially.
Stoichiometry of methane oxidation in the methane‐oxidizing strain M 102 under the influence of various CH4/O2 mixtures
Authors: Naguib M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn laboratory‐scale experiments with growing cells of the obligate methane‐oxidizing strain M 102, an overall molar gas turnover ratio of the order given below could be postulated:

Expectations that the optimal gas mixture of methane and oxygen should lie within the range of this stoichiometric consumption ratio have been verified in fermenter 5 1 batch culture experiments. The optimal range of methane/oxygen mixture, found under the experimental conditions described, is based on the estimated growth parameters as generation and doubling times, yield coefficients related to methane and oxygen, and the efficiency of methane metabolism as indicated in the absolute amounts of CH4, O2, and CO2 turned over.The mentioned stoichiometric relation of 1 CH4: 1–1.2 O2 did not change with varying the composition, i.e. the partial pressures of CH4 and O2 introduced as a mixture to the cells. The efficiency of methane oxidation was obviously influenced and decreased markedly when deviating from the broad optimal range of CH4/O2 mixtures.With non‐growing cells, on the other hand, the stoichiometric relation showed a considerable shift (1:1.4–1.8 CH4:O2) with a clear tendency towards more O2 consumption.The oxidation potential of growing cells, seems then to have a linear interdependence to the substrate concentrations, i.e. partial pressures.
Chemische Zusammensetzung des Kapselmaterials von Staphylococcus aureus Stamm 1193/74
Authors: Seltmann G. , Beer W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe capsule material of Staphylococcus aureus strain 1193/74 could be separated by precipitation with trichloroacetic acid and ethanol as well as by chromatography on DEAE‐cellulose into 13 fractions. All fractions contained saccharides and uronic acids as well as amino acids and appeared in their qualitative composition rather similar. However, in quantitative composition and in chromatographic behaviour a rather high degree of heterogeneity could be observed. No clear cut separation of protein and polysaccharide material could be achieved in any fraction. It is supposed, therefore, that the capsule material does not represent merely an acidic polysaccharide, but contains certain amounts of amino acids or peptides varying in a rather wide range.
Bistabilität der Pyruvatproduktion von Escherichia coli ML 30 in kontinuierlicher Kultur
Authors: Bergter F. , Roth M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe pyruvate production of E. coli ML 30 in continuous cultures was investigated. In a glucose mineralsalt medium with ammonium as the limiting substrate two stable stationary states (bistability) of pyruvate concentration were obtained. The bistability was limited to dilution rates lower than 0.3 h−1 and connected with a decrease of the yield coefficient (YGlc) from ≈︁0.45 to ≈︁0.1.
Physiologie und Biochemie der Streptomyceten VIII. Esteraseaktivität und Turimycin‐Bildung in Kulturen vonStreptomyces hygroscopicusJA 6599
Authors: Reuter G. , Hüttner B. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractEsterase in cell‐free extracts ofStreptomyces hygroscopicusJA 6599 has a temperature‐optimum of 35 °C, a pH‐optimum withp‐nitrophenylacetate as substrate at pH 7.7–8.1, with α‐naphthylacetate at pH 7–9. MICHAELIS constants in cell‐free extracts: with α‐naphthylacetateKm= = 0.71 mM, withp‐nitrophenylacetateKm= 0.21 mM. Phenylesters were better hydrolyzed than naphthylesters, phenylacetate was best hydrolyzed; β‐naphthylacetate was better hydrolyzed than α‐naphthylacetate. Among the naphthylesters the ester of propionic acid was hydrolyzed best. Caprylate, stearate, and 0,0‐diethyl‐0‐(‐p‐nitrophenyl)‐phosphate inhibit the splitting of α‐naphthylacetate. A comparison with esterases of other biological origin shows that the enzyme studied can be a carboxylesterase (E.C. 3.1.1.1.). In cultures of JA 6599 V13and JA 6599‐6 the change of esterase activity during the fermentation was determined. We found a correlation between the enzymatic activity and the antibiotic‐concentration in the culture medium.
Antiviral activity of certain hetarylhydrazones in Mengo virus infected mice
Authors: Veckenstedt Anneliese , Ulbricht H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractOut of a series of eleven related hetarylhydrazones four derivatives (ZIMET 124/73, ZIMET 38/74, ZIMET 44/69, and IMET 98/69), after subcutaneous administration (0.5 mmole/kg per injection), were found to possess significant antiviral activity against rapidly progressing and highly lethal Mengo virus encephalitis in mice. After peroral administration (2 mmole/kg per injection) only with IMET 98/69 significant protection was achieved. Drug treatments were given twice daily for 5 days. The effectiveness of compounds was evidenced by significant „rates of protection”︁. Possible relationships between the antiviral activity and the structure of compounds are discussed.
Low temperature inhibition on binding, transport, and incorporation of leucine, arginine, methionine, and histidine in Escherichia coli
Authors: Goodrich T. D. , Morita R. Y. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA multiple amino acid auxotroph and a wild type of Escherichia coli K12 were used to study the effects of near minimum growth temperatures on the binding, transport, and cellular incorporation of selected amino acids. Both strains of the bacterium showed the same minimum growth temperature (8°C) when previously grown at 15°C. At 8°C and above, the auxotroph exhibited an overall greater ability to bind and transport amino acids than did the wild type. Below the minimum growth temperature, transport and cellular incorporation including respiration (uptake) were significantly lower for either organism. The NEU and HEPPEL osmotic shock treatment indicated the removal of the specific histidine‐binding protein and the ability to bind histidine was not recovered by further incubation below 8°C. At 8°C and above, the cells recovered their ability to bind histidine within one hour. The evidence presented indicates a direct relationship between the auxotroph's minimum growth temperature and its ability to bind amino acids, specifically methionine.
Isolierung und Charakterisierung der Zellgrenzschichten von Acinetobacter calcoaceticus
Authors: Aurich H. , Sorger H. , Müller H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNach mechanischem Aufschluß mit einem Vibrator lassen sich die Zellgrenzschichten (Plasmamembran + Zellwand) von Acinetobacter calcoaceticus nach einem Schema fraktionierter Zentrifugationen isolieren und reinigen. Die zur Kultivierung benutzte C‐Quelle (n‐Alkane, Succinat, Acetat) beeinflußt weder die Ausbeute an gewonnenen reinen Zellgrenzschichten noch deren elektronenmikroskopisch erkennbare StrukturAn chemischen Bestandteilen bestimmten wir nach Wachstum auf n‐Alkanen die Proteine zu 54%, die Lipide zu 29%, die Kohlenhydrate (einschließlich der Aminozucker) zu 10% und Phosphat zu 5%; Cholesterin konnte nicht nachgewiesen werden. Succinatoxydase‐ und NADH‐Oxydase‐Aktivität fanden sich in allen Präparationen unabhängig von der C‐Quelle, die NADP+‐abhängige Aldehyddehydrogenase nur nach Wachstum auf n‐Alkanen.
Lysis of intact yeast cells and isolated cell walls by an inducible enzyme system of Arthrobacter GJM‐1
Authors: Vršanská M. , Krátký Z. , Biely P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBacterium Arthrobacter GJM‐1 known in the literature as a good producer of α‐mannanase was found to accumulate in the culture fluid lytic activities against viable yeast cells during growth on isolated cell walls or β‐glucan fractions of yeast. The accumulation of the lytic activities showed an inducible character. The lytic system produced in the medium containing baker's yeast cell walls was capable of complete solubilization of cell walls in vitro. The system lysed viable cells of a number of yeast species and induced their conversion to protoplasts in an osmotically stabilized medium. The lytic system showed different pH and temperature optima when viable cells or isolated cell walls were used as substrates. The pH optimum of the lysis of isolated cell walls was identical with pH optimum of β‐glucanase activities in the crude system. The results pointed out that in the lysis of intact cells, in addition to β‐glucanases, some other factor is involved. Substantial differences in the nature of the outer and the inner surface of cell walls of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were confirmed in this paper based on the different susceptibility to lysis of the cell walls in vivo and in vitro.
Anwendung polarographischer O2‐Messungen auf die Veratmung von n‐Alkanen und deren Derivaten durch Acinetobacter calcoaceticus
Authors: Asperger O. , Aurich H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMit Hilfe einer polarographischen O2‐Meßanordnung im geschlossenen System wurde die Fähigkeit von nicht‐wachsenden Zellen von Ac. calcoaceticus für die Veratmung von n‐Alkanen und deren Derivaten untersucht. Die Bakterien waren auf Hexadecan kultiviert, in der logarithmischen Phase geerntet und 2 Std. lang zur Substratverarmung in C‐freiem Medium inkubiert worden. Die initialen Atmungsraten mit n‐Alkanen als Substrat sinken vom Ende der log‐Phase an kontinuierlich ab. Mit steigender Tetradecan‐Konzentration folgen die Atmungsraten Sättigungskurven (bis etwa 2 · 10−5 M), bei weiterer Erhöhung gibt es es ein Minimum (bei etwa 10−4 M) und dann wieder einen erneuten Anstieg ohne erkennbare Sättigung. Bis zum Ende der Oxydation werden pro Mol Tetradecan etwa 10 Mol O2 verbraucht; das entspricht einer Oxydation über das Acetat hinaus, aber nicht bis zu Kohlendioxid/Wasser. Die Atmungsraten steigen bei gleichen molaren Konzentrationen mit der Kettenlänge der Alkane an, und zwar stärker als es dem erhöhtem O2‐Bedarf, der durch die Kettenverlängerung bedingt ist, entspricht. Es werden auch mittelkettige n‐Alkane (bis herunter zum Hexan) veratmet, obwohl diese nicht als C‐Quelle genutzt werden können. Derivate der n‐Alkane werden ebenfalls veratmet, nur l,ω‐Dibrom‐Alkane werden nicht umgesetzt. Für die Alkane sowie für die meisten der Derivate wird die Fähigkeit zur Oxydation durch Kultivierung auf n‐Alkanen erst induziert. Alkanole und Alkanone können in geringerem Umfange allerdings auch nach Wachstum auf Acetat veratmet werden. Die Oxydation der Alkansäuren ist konstitutiv.
Verwertung anorganischer Schwefelquellen durch Staphylococcus aureus‐Stämme
Authors: Seltmann G. , Voigt W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus strains of different host‐adapted variants (MEYER 1966) have been tested for their ability to use inorganic sulfur sources. All the 25 strains tested were able to utilize sodium sulfide as sulfur source in a medium similar to that described by KLOOS and PATTEE (1965). Using S. aureus strain 116/74 grown in a medium containing Na235S as the only sulfur source we studied incorporation and insertion of inorganic sulfide into sulfur containing amino acids. In disintegrated and fractionated cellular material we could find 35S labelled homocystine and methionine as major compounds, and cystine, cysteic acid, homocysteic acid, and ß‐sulphopyruvate as minor compounds. The occurrence of homocystine and the sulfonic acids in bacterial proteins is rather uncommon.
Isolierung und Charakterisierung von DNA‐Abbaumutanten bei Proteus mirabilis: Funktion der Endonuclease I im postmortalen DNA‐Abbau
Authors: Steinborn G. , Hofemeister J. , Böhme H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDNase deficient mutants of Proteus mirabilis selected for reduced toluene induced DNA degradation were isolated. Their defect in DNA degradation was shown not only after treatment by toluene but also in crude extracts after cell disintegration by ultrasonic and in untreated starved cultures. The degradation mutants behave just as the wild type with respect to their in vivo functions proofed. The results indicate that the affected DNase does not have an essential function in vivo but acts in postmortem DNA degradation. Probably, the DNase in question concerns the endonuclease I of P. mirabilis described by GOEBEL and HELINSKI (1971 a, b).
Dissimilatory nitrate reduction in Clostridium tertium
Authors: Hasan M. , Hall J. B. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFermentation balance studies were carried out on Clostridium tertium grown with and without nitrate in the medium. Nitrate reduction increased the efficiency of energy produced from glucose by permitting the utilization of additional sites of substrate level phosphorylation. The effect was even more dramatic in C. tertium than in C. perfringens, with increased cell yields of about 30% being observed in the former compared with 20% in the latterUnlike C. perfringens, C. tertium responded to the presence of nitrate in the medium with an increased growth rate. A slight increase in the YATP of these cultures was also observed, and quantitatively, this appeared to be consistent with the prediction of STOUTHAMMER and BETTENHAUSSEN that YATP will vary with the growth rateThus, C. tertium, like C. perfringens, was able to use nitrate as an electron acceptor in conjunction with its energy metabolism, suggesting that this trait may be widespread among the nitrate‐reducing anaerobes.
A mathematical model of microbial growth including an intermediate I. Growth in batch cultures
Authors: Petrova T. A. , Guthke W. A. Knorre R. , Bergter F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA mathematical model of microbial growth is presented and examined which, in contrast to the well‐known MONOD model, includes transitions from one cell „bottle‐neck”︁ to another. This is achieved by introducing an intermediate product in the model. Three variants of the model for different regulatory functions of the intermediate are considered. The results permit to describe a set of experimentally observable microbial growth curves. According to the model, the shape of the growth curves, the kinetics of substrate consumption and changes of intermediate concentration depend on culture prehistory and the nature of the intermediate regulatory function.
Ecology of Staphylococcus aureus: Characterization of strains from chicken
Authors: Witte W. , Hummel Ruth , Meyer W. , Exner H. , Wundrak Renate 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe majority of S. aureus strains isolated from beak‐swabs and pathological processes in chicken shows coagulation of human plasma (not of bovine plasma), crystal violet‐type A, hemolysine‐type A, formation of fibrinolysin, not formation of DNase and reactions with the experimental phage A1591. Because of the absence of DNase‐formation and the reaction‐specificity for phage A1591 we propose to designate these strains as host‐specific variety gallinae of S. aureus. The strains from chicken are compared with strains of human, bovine, and ovine origin. An ecological study in a chicken farm has shown that S. aureus strains from chicken are not found in man and vice versa.
Wirksamkeit von Mureinpräparationen im Phagenhemmtest ‐ Einfluß von Ca++‐Ionen und EDTA
Authors: Beige U. , Seltmann G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe inactivating efficacy for the typing phages 54, 83A, and 187 of the peptidoglycan of Staphylococcus aureus is decreased by increasing the Ca++‐content of the medium; the irreversible inhibition of phage 187 becomes reversible. The percentage of its inhibition is proportional to the Ca++‐content of the medium. Minute amounts of phage 187 bound irreversibly under Ca++‐deprivation can be loosened by addition of Ca++‐ions. Addition of EDTA up to the equivalence concentration of Ca++ present in the medium has no influence. Addition of EDTA up to the tenfold equivalence causes a significant increase of the inactivating efficacy of the peptidoglycan.
Dicarbonsäurebildung durch Candida guilliermondii, Stamm H 17, beim Abbau von n‐Tridecan in Batch‐Kultur
Authors: Krauel H. , Weide H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDie Bildung von Glutar‐ und Pimelinsäure durch Candida guilliermondii, Stamm H 17, War beim Abbau von n‐Tridecan in Batch‐Kultur von der Kulturdauer, der Substratkonzentration und dem Sauerstoffeintrag bei Substratüberschuß abhängig. Wachstum und Produktbildung waren bei + 30 °C und pH 5,0 optimal. Auf der Basis eines kinetischen Modells nach LUEDEKING (1967) kann angenommen werden, daß die Dicarbonsäurebildung ein Nebenweg ist, der keine primäre Bedeutung für Energiegewinnung und Wachstum des Organismus hat.
Properties and kinetics of glucan phosphorylase of the amylose‐forming yeast Cryptococcus laurentii
Authors: Foda M. S. , Phaff H. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCell extracts of Cryptococcus laurentii, a yeast which synthesizes amylose when grown at low pH, contained an α‐glucan phosphorylase (α‐1·4)‐glucan: orthophosphate glucosyl transferase (EC 2.4.1.1). The enzyme, which is very labile, showed greatest stability at pH 8.0 in the presence of 0.1 m β‐glycerophosphate and 0.1 m sodium fluoride. Based upon visible colour development with iodine a cell homogenate, centrifuged at 32,000 g to remove cell debris, synthesized starch‐like polymers upon incubation with glucose‐1‐phosphate in a pH range of 5.6‐6.1. Based upon incorporation of labelled glucose from glucose‐1‐phosphate the pH of maximum activity was 5.9‐6.2. The enzyme was partially purified by glycogen complexing, precipitation, and adsorption on hydroxylapatite followed by elution. The purified enzyme has a Km for glucose‐1‐phosphate of 1.6 × 10−2 m. Mutants impaired in their ability to synthesize amylose contained approximately one fourth of the phosphorylase activity as compared to the wild type. The possible role of the glucan phosphorylase in amylose biosynthesis is discussed.
Nachweis von α‐Mannosidase und β‐Glucosidase in einem für die Hefezellwand lytischen System von Streptomyces spec. 5s
Authors: Rademacher K. H. , Reuter G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractStreptomyces spec. 5s accumulates in the culture fluid lytic activities against living cells of Candida guilliermondii H. From the culture fluid a freeze‐dried dialyzed ammonium sulfate precipitate was prepared. Except β‐glucosidase‐activity it showed activity of α‐mannosidase which was characterized. Separation of both enzymes by chromatography on polyacrylamide gel was possible.
Isolation of a sulphate reductase‐less mutant of the blue‐green alga Nostoc muscorum
Authors: Singh S. P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe wild type Nostoc muscorum (UW strain) has yielded various physiological mutants altered in utilization of sulphate, following mutagenic treatments with N‐methyl, N′‐nitro N‐nitrosoguanidine (NTG). One of the mutant strains designated as Sat‐20 failed to grow in a medium containing sulphate (MgSO4 · 7 H2O). However, the mutant strain could grow when supplemented with thiosulphate (Na2S2O3 · 5 H2O), while methionine could fulfil the sulphur requirement only partially. On comparative reasons, the wild type as well as the mutant showed preference for thiosulphate over other sulphur sources employed.
Microbial biodegradation of cellophane
Authors: Lamot E. , Voets J. P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe microbial biodegradation of cellophane (U.C.B. ‐ Division Sidac) was studied. Preliminary experiments with pure cultures of seven cellulolytic microorganisms (Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Chaetomium crispatum, Ch. globosum, Sclerotium rolfsii and two actinomycetes) revealed that the substrate as such was very recalcitrant, probably due to the occurrence of insoluble coating agents.Therefore, mixed cultures of the above mentioned cellulolytic microorganisms were used as inoculum.The cellophane showed a slow microbial degradation which starts only after 37 days of incubation. This long lag‐phase is due to the unaltered presence of the coating agents. However, when the coating agents are extracted with tetrahydrofuran, the biodegradation starts after 10 days, resulting in a biodegradation rate of 85% after 52 days of incubation and a protein content of 30%.The endproduct (30% protein, 60% soluble sugars, 10% residual substrate) will probably be useful as compost.
Some characteristics of p‐fluorophenylalanine‐resistant mutants of Penicillium cyclopium
Authors: Müller W. , Dunkel R. , Luckner M. 
Published: July 2010

Abstractp‐Fphe‐resistant mutants of Penicillium cyclopium Westling were selected by the gradient method of SZYBALSKI. The strains grow well in the presence of 1 mg p‐Fphe/ml1) nutrient agar. However, sporulation decreases considerably after repeated subcultivation on this medium.Drug resistance in the mutant strains seems to depend on reduced p‐Fphe incorporation into proteins. Radioactivity of 3H‐p‐Fphe added to cultures is incorporated into the proteins of the mutants at a lower rate compared with the wild type strain. Furthermore, in spite of the fact that also in the wild type strain part of the p‐Fphe is transformed into phe, the ratio of 3H‐p‐Fphe to 3H‐phe in the proteins after feeding of labelled p‐Fphe is lower in the mutant.Addition of 100 μg/ml of p‐Fphe to the nutrient solution of the strain res‐p‐Fphe 11 does not influence hyphal growth but reduces alkaloid production and sporulation. Thus processes of cell specialization in P. cyclopium, as in other microorganisms, are more sensitive to the synthesis of abnormal proteins than processes of basic growth. Simultaneous feeding of p‐Fphe and tyr increases the p‐Fphe effects due to a stimulated uptake of the drug.In the p‐Fphe‐resistant mutants the internal level of free phe exceeds that of the wild type strain. Also phe and a small amount of tyr is excreted into the nutrient solution. In spite of the fact that external phe added to the cultures under certain conditions increases alkaloid production in P. cyclopium, mutants and wild type strains produce the same alkaloid amount. This result is discussed with regard to the cellular compartmentation of phe.
Übertragung von F′‐Plasmiden aus Escherichia coli in Proteus mirabilis
Authors: Fleischhacker M. , Bóhme H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe task of this work was the establishment of an effective transfer system for F′‐plasmids from Escherichia coli to Proteus mirabilis. It is shown that cells of PG VI act as recipients in crosses with E. coli F′ strains but with a low transfer rate of the plasmid. The presumption that a restriction – modification system in P. mirabilis was the only reason for the low transfer could not be confirmed.An indirect selection method was developed to isolate P. mirabilis cells which are better recipients. Conjugation experiments showed that the isolated mutants had a better recipient capacity (increase of about 100). This is true not only for the transfer of a F′‐plasmid but also for a Rplamid. The stability of these plasmids in the mutant cells, however, was much lower than in the wild type.