bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Localization of Papillofoveal Bundles in Primates
Authors: Hiraoka Mari , Inoue Kenichi , Kawano Hitoshi , Takada Masahiko 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAxons in the fovea are precisely organized to ensure accurate vision. We investigated the morphologic characteristics and localization of nerve bundles in the optic nerve in primates. Macaque eyes were studied for conventional and immunostaining, and also marmoset eyes for carbocyanine dye tracing. Locally confined lesions associated with similar findings to human age‐related macular degeneration (ARMD) were also evaluated. Axons of retinal ganglion cells formed fasciculi near their origin, and these fasciculi formed bundles thereafter. In the retinal nerve fiber layer, ascending bundles assembled stratification adding proximal bundle underneath successively. Bundles in the arcuate zone displayed a characteristic fine, parallel arrangement, whereas those in the outside zone intermingled with undefined reticular bundles as they approached the optic nerve head. Macular bundles remained in groups and were distributed in the temporal wedge of the optic nerve head. Orthograde and retrograde tracing revealed that these bundles formed confined groups of various sizes and, ultimately, a specific group of small bundles located in the innermost row, near the central vessels. In addition, these bundles showed evidence of focal degenerative deterioration in eyes with ARMD. Papillomacular bundles have a characteristic alignment and configuration. Foveal bundles that compose the confined group closest to the optic trunk (which we term papillofoveal bundles) appear to have functional significance with respect to the isolated lesions that accompany central vision loss or preservation. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Morphology and Histochemistry of Juvenile Male American Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) Phallus
Authors: Moore Brandon C. , Mathavan Ketan , Guillette Louis J. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPhalli of male crocodilians transfer sperm to female cloaca during sexual intercourse, resulting in internal fertilization. For over a century there have been scientific descriptions of crocodilian phallus morphologies; however, little work has presented detailed cellular‐level analyses of these structures. Here we present a histological investigation of the complex functional anatomy of the juvenile male American alligator phallus, including fibrous and vascular erectile structures, a variety of secretory epithelium morphologies, and observed immune cells. Using 3D reconstruction software, we show the shape and location of vascular erectile tissues within the phallus. Histochemical staining detected mucin‐rich secretory cells in glandular epithelial cells of the phallic shaft and also of the semen‐conducting ventral sulcus. Lymphoid aggregates, lymphocytes, and epithelial mucin coats suggest an active immune system in the phallus defending from both the external and intracloacal environments. These results better characterize the complexity of the alligator phallus and predict later reproductive functions during adulthood. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Versican Knockdown Reduces Interzone Area During Early Stages of Chick Synovial Joint Development
Authors: Nagchowdhuri Partha S. , Andrews Kristen N. , Robart Savannah , Capehart Anthony A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractMuch has been learned regarding factors that specify joint placement, but less is known regarding how these molecular instructions are translated into functional joint tissues. Previous studies have shown that the matrix chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, versican, exhibits a similar pattern of expression in the embryonic joint rudiment of chick and mouse suggesting conserved function during joint development. In this study, versican's importance in developing joints was investigated by specific inhibition of its expression in the early joint interzone, tissue that gives rise to articular cartilages and joint cavity. In ovo microinjection of adenoviral shRNA constructs into the HH25 chick wing was employed to silence endogenous versican protein in developing appendicular joints. Results showed statistically significant (12–14%) reduction of nonchondrogenic elbow joint interzone area in whole‐mount specimens at HH36 in response to versican knockdown. Attenuated expression of key versican‐associated molecules including hyaluronan, tenascin, CD44, and link protein was also noted by histochemical and immunohistochemical analysis. Versican knockdown also lowered collagen II expression in presumptive articular chondrocytes indicating possible delay in chondrogenesis. Results suggest that versican functions interactively with other matrix/cell surface molecules to facilitate establishment or maintenance of early joint interzone structure. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adaptive Nonlinear Control of Induction Motors Through AC/DC/AC Converters
Authors: El Fadili A. , Giri F. , El Magri A. , Dugard L. , Chaoui F.Z. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe problem of controlling induction motors, together with associated AC/DC rectifiers and DC/AC inverters, is addressed. The control objectives are threefold: (i) the motor speed should track any reference signal despite mechanical parameter uncertainties and variations; (ii) the DC Link voltage must be tightly regulated; and (iii) the power factor correction (PFC) w.r.t. the power supply net must be performed in a satisfactory way. First, a nonlinear model of the whole controlled system is developed within the Park coordinates. Then, a multi‐loop nonlinear adaptive controller is synthesized using the backstepping design technique. A formal analysis based on Lyapunov stability and average theory is carried out to exhibit the control system performances. In addition to closed‐loop global asymptotic stability, it is proven that all control objectives (motor speed tracking, rotor flux regulation, DC link voltage regulation and unitary power factor) are asymptotically achieved, up to small but unavoidable harmonic errors (ripples).
CGCDB: A web‐based resource for the investigation of gene coexpression in CHO cell culture
Authors: Clarke Colin , Doolan Padraig , Barron Niall , Meleady Paula , Madden Stephen F. , DiNino Dana , Leonard Mark , Clynes Martin 
Published: December 2011

AbstractCoexpression analysis is a powerful, widely used methodology for the investigation of underlying patterns in gene expression data. This “guilt‐by‐association” approach aims to find groups of genes with closely correlated expression profiles. Observation of consistent correlations across phenotypically diverse samples indicates that these genes have a shared function. We have recently described the application of weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) to a 295 sample production CHO cell line microarray dataset and elucidated groups of genes related to growth rate and cell‐specific productivity (Qp). In this study, we present the CHO gene coexpression database (CGCDB), a web‐based system, designed specifically for researchers in the CHO community to provide user‐friendly access to these gene–gene coexpression patterns. In addition to correlation between genes, the direct correlations between probesets and either growth rate or Qp are provided. Results are presented to the user via an interactive network diagram and in a downloadable tabular format. It is hoped that this resource will allow researchers to prioritize cell line engineering and/or biomarker candidates to enhance CHO‐based cell culture for the production of biotherapeutics. Availability: www.cgcdb.org. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:1368–1370. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Two‐temperature stage biphasic CO2–H2O pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass at high solid loadings
Authors: Luterbacher Jeremy S. , Tester Jefferson W. , Walker Larry P. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractMost biomass pretreatment processes for monosaccharide production are run at low‐solid concentration (<10 wt%) and use significant amounts of chemical catalysts. Biphasic CO2–H2O mixtures could provide a more sustainable pretreatment medium while using high‐solid contents. Using a stirred reactor for high solids (40 wt%, biomass water mixture) biphasic CO2–H2O pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass allowed us to explore the effects of particle size and mixing on mixed hardwood and switchgrass pretreatment. Subsequently, a two‐temperature stage pretreatment was introduced. After optimization, a short high‐temperature stage at 210°C (16 min for hardwood and 1 min for switchgrass) was followed by a long low‐temperature stage at 160°C for 60 min. Glucan to glucose conversion yields of 83% for hardwood and 80% for switchgrass were obtained. Total molar sugar yields of 65% and 55% were obtained for wood and switchgrass, respectively, which consisted of a 10% points improvement over those obtained during our previous study despite a 10‐fold increase in particle size. These yields are similar to those obtained with other major pretreatment technologies for wood and within 10% of major technologies for switchgrass despite the absence of chemical catalysts, the use of large particles (0.95 cm) and high solid contents (40 wt%). Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:1499–1507. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Associated injuries in casualties with traumatic lower extremity amputations caused by improvised explosive devices
Authors: Morrison J J , Hunt N , Midwinter M , Jansen J 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

Background
Improvised explosive devices (IEDs) pose a significant threat to military personnel, often resulting in lower extremity amputation and pelvic injury. Immediate management is haemorrhage control and debridement, which can involve lengthy surgery. Computed tomography is necessary to delineate the extent of the injury, but it is unclear whether to perform this during or after surgery.

Methods
The UK Joint Theatre Trauma Registry was searched to identify all UK service personnel who had a traumatic lower extremity amputation following IED injury between January 2007 and December 2010. Data were collected on injury pattern and survival.

Results
There were 169 patients who sustained 278 traumatic lower extremity amputations: 69 were killed in action, 16 died from their wounds and 84 were wounded in action, but survived. The median (interquartile range) Injury Severity Score was 75 (21) for those killed in action, 46 (23) for those who died from wounds and 29 (12) for survivors. There were significantly more severe head, chest and abdominal injuries (defined as a body region Abbreviated Injury Scale score of 3 or more) in patients who were killed in action than in those reaching hospital (P &lt; 0·001). Hindquarter amputations were the most lethal, with a mortality rate of 95 per cent. Of the 100 casualties who reached hospital alive, there were nine thoracotomies, one craniotomy and 34 laparotomies. All head or torso injuries that required immediate operation were clinically apparent on admission.

Conclusion
Higher levels of amputation were associated with greater injury burden and mortality. Intraoperative computed tomography had little value in identifying clinically significant covert injuries.
Synthesis of Anionic Hypervalent Cyclic Selenenate Esters: Relevance to the Hypervalent Intermediates in Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions at the Selenium(II) Center
Authors: Selvakumar Karuthapandi , Singh Harkesh B. , Goel Nidhi , Singh Udai P. , Butcher Ray J. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe synthesis of a diaryl diselenide that contains 2,6‐dicarboxylic acid groups, 2,2′‐diselanediylbis(5‐tert‐butylisophthalic acid) (10), is described. Diselenide10undergoes intramolecular cyclization in methanol to form a cyclic selenenate ester, 5‐tert‐butyl‐3‐oxo‐3H‐benzo[c][1,2]oxaselenole‐7‐carboxylic acid (11). The cyclization reaction proceeds more rapidly in the presence of organic bases, such as pyridine, adenine, and 4,4′‐bipyridine, to form pyridinium 5‐tert‐butyl‐3‐oxo‐3H‐benzo[c][1,2]oxaselenole‐7‐carboxylate (14), adeninium 5‐tert‐butyl‐3‐oxo‐3H‐benzo[c][1,2]oxaselenole‐7‐carboxylate (15), and 4,4′‐bipyridiniumbis(5‐tert‐butyl‐3‐oxo‐3H‐benzo[c][1,2]oxaselenole‐7‐carboxylate) (16), respectively. However, 2,2′‐diselanediyldibenzoic acid (22) does not undergo cyclization under similar conditions. Structural studies on cyclic selenenate esters14–16revealed that the Se⋅⋅⋅O (COO−) secondary distances (2.170, 2.075, and 2.176 Å) were significantly shorter than the corresponding Se⋅⋅⋅O distances (2.465, 2.472, and 2.435 Å) observed for the selenenate esters stabilized by the neutral donors (CHO, COOH, and COOEt).1H,13C, and77Se NMR spectroscopy of compounds 11and14–16reveal that the aryl protons of compound11and the organic cations of compounds14–16exchange between the two carboxylate groups via a hypercoordinate intermediate. The corresponding hypercoordinate intermediate (14 b, pyridinium selenuranide) for compound14was detected at low temperatures using77Se NMR spectroscopy. The presumed hypercoordinate intermediates in the carboxylate‐exchange reactions at the selenium(II) center for a set of model reactions were optimized using DFT‐B3LYP/6–311+g(d) calculations and their structural features compared with the X‐ray structure of anionic selenenate esters14–16.
A checkpointing‐enabled and resource‐aware Java Virtual Machine for efficient and robust e‐Science applications in grid environments
Authors: Simão José , Garrochinho Tiago , Veiga Luís 
Published: December 2011

SUMMARYObject‐oriented programming languages presently are the dominant paradigm of application development (e.g., Java, .NET). Lately, increasingly more Java applications have long (or very long) execution times and manipulate large amounts of data/information, gaining relevance in fields related with e‐Science (with Grid and Cloud computing). Significant examples include Chemistry, Computational Biology and Bio‐informatics, with many available Java‐based APIs (e.g., Neobio).Often, when the execution of such an application is terminated abruptly because of a failure (regardless of the cause being a hardware of software fault, lack of available resources, etc.), all of its work already performed is simply lost, and when the application is later re‐initiated, it has to restart all its work from scratch, wasting resources and time, while also being prone to another failure and may delay its completion with no deadline guarantees.Our proposed solution to address these issues is through incorporating mechanisms for checkpointing and migration in a JVM. These make applications more robust and flexible by being able to move to other nodes, without any intervention from the programmer. This article provides a solution to Java applications with long execution times, by extending a JVM (Jikes research virtual machine) with such mechanisms. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chiral Assemblies of Achiral Rigid‐Flexible Molecules at the Air/Water Interface Induced by Silver(I) Coordination
Authors: Liu Libin , Li Tianduo , Lee Myongsoo 
Published: December 2011

AbstractChiral films are obtained from achiral rigid‐flexible molecules. Due to hydrogen bonding and steric constraints, these molecules can self‐assemble into chiral assemblies at the air/water interface upon compression. When the molecules are spread on a subphase containing AgNO3, they form a stable monolayer through coordination with AgI ions, as confirmed by surface pressure–area isotherms, UV/Vis and FTIR spectroscopy, and AFM. More interestingly, macroscopic chirality was detected in the AgI‐coordinated films by circular dichroism measurements. The formation mechanisms of the two kinds of chiral films are briefly discussed.
Modified telescopic amplifier with improved DC gain in 0.18 µm CMOS process
Authors: Dadashi Ali 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTA new operational amplifier is presented based on the conventional telescopic amplifier structure. A novel method is used to increase the DC gain of the telescopic amplifier. This method does not degrade the output swing, bandwidth, settling time and the phase margin of the telescopic amplifier. Proposed structure has been simulated by HSPICE software using level 49 parameters (BSIM3v3) in a typical 0.18 µm Complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) technology. HSPICE simulation confirms the theoretical estimated improvements. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiscroll floating gate–based integrated chaotic oscillator
Authors: Trejo‐Guerra R. , Tlelo‐Cuautle E. , Jiménez‐Fuentes M. , Muñoz‐Pacheco J. M. , Sánchez‐López C. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTIn this work, we proposed a voltage‐to‐current cell based on a Complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) inverter designed by using floating gate transistors. We demonstrate its usefulness for the design of stair‐type and sawtooth functions to be used in the implementation of a multiscroll chaotic oscillator. The main advantage of using floating gate transistors to design the nonlinear functions is the elimination of external reference DC sources, as is typically done in most of the nonlinear functions that generate multiscroll attractors. The key guidelines for the design of our proposed voltage‐to‐current cell are given to provide good performances in the design of an integrated multiscroll chaotic oscillator. HSPICE simulations are presented to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed cell to generate multiscroll attractors. Finally, simulation results before and after layout are presented to show the good agreement with respect to theoretical results. HSPICE simulations of the post‐layout design are in accordance with the system behavior. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Restoration of images contaminated with photon shot noise by an M‐transform method
Authors: Hoshino Kazuhiro , Takaichi Masato , Nishimura Toshiro 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe propose a novel approach for the reduction of photon shot noise in image sensors, inspired by the M‐transform method. In the proposed method, the photon shot noise is transferred to small‐amplitude random signals. Then the small‐amplitude random signals are removed by an ϵ filter. The Sobel method was used for edge detection, and edges were preserved by not applying the ϵ filter on the edge. After noise reduction, the signals are restored to the image by a reverse M‐transform. We compared our method with the smoothing filter, the median filter, and the Wiener filter. In photon shot noise based on the Poisson distribution, we changed the number of incident photons and created the noise image by using a simulation. In cases where the maximum number of incident photons was 128 (illumination of about 2 lux), the proposed technique was subjectively confirmed as better than the smoothing filter, based on the effect of edge preservation even in a dark environment. As a result, the proposed method is confirmed to be effective for reducing photon shot noise. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 95(1): 55–62, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10344
A constrained global optimization method based on multi‐objective particle swarm optimization
Authors: Masuda Kazuaki , Kurihara Kenzo 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis paper proposes a constrained global optimization method based on Multi‐Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO). A constrained optimization problem is transformed into another bi‐objective problem which minimizes both the original objective function and the total amount of constraint violations. Then, the global optimum of the former problem is obtained as the Pareto optimal solution of the latter one having no constraint violation. In order to find the particular Pareto optimal solution, the proposed method introduces to MOPSO such operations as (a) restricting the number of Pareto optimal solutions obtained at each iteration of MOPSO to urge particles to approach the feasible set of the original constrained problem, (b) choosing the most promising Pareto optimal solution as the global best solution so as to exclude solutions dominated by it, and (c) encouraging to add Pareto optimal solutions if their number is too small to recover the diversity of search. Numerical examples verify the effectiveness, efficiency, and wide applicability of the proposed method. For some famous engineering design problems, in particular, it can find solutions which are comparable to or better than the previously known best ones. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 95(1): 43–54, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10385
Statistical stability analysis for particle swarm optimization dynamics with random coefficients
Authors: Koguma Yuji , Aiyoshi Eitaro 
Published: December 2011

AbstractParticle swarm optimization (PSO), a meta‐heuristic global optimization method, has attracted special interest for its simple algorithm and high searching ability. The updating formula of PSO involves coefficients with random numbers as parameters to enhance diversification ability in searching for the global optimum. However, the randomness makes stability of the searching points difficult to analyze mathematically, and the users need to adjust the parameter values by trial and error. In this paper, stability of the stochastic dynamics of PSO is analyzed mathematically and an exact stability condition taking the randomness into consideration is presented with an index called the “statistical eigenvalue,” which is a new concept for evaluating the degree of stability of PSO dynamics. The accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed stability discrimination using the presented index are certified in numerical simulation for simple examples. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 95(1): 31–42, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10388
Experience in management of e‐mail delivery delay problems associated with spam e‐mail filtering in a university
Authors: Hisanaga Yutaka , Sugii Manabu , Wang Yue , Osa Atsushi , Miike Hidetoshi 
Published: December 2011

AbstractSpam e‐mail management in universities differs from that in enterprises with a uniform and strict network policy, and requires the guarantee of a free mail environment policy. In this paper, we report findings from an operational experiment on spam e‐mail filtering based on volunteer application of users. In particular, management of the electronic mail (e‐mail) delivery delay problem was undertaken in view of the state of e‐mail usage at our university. We also discuss an ideal method of spam mail filtering in universities and in research institutes under a free mail environment policy. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 95(1): 8–19, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10393
Synthesis, Structure and Reactivity of Iridium Hydrido Fluorido Complexes
Authors: Kläring Paul , Jungton Ann‐Katrin , Braun Thomas , Müller Carsten 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe oxidative addition of HF at trans‐[Ir(ArF)(η2‐C2H4)(PiPr3)2] (1a: ArF = 4‐C5NF4; 1b: ArF = 2‐C6H3F2) affords the fluorido complexes trans‐[Ir(ArF)(F)(H)(PiPr3)2] (2a: ArF = 4‐C5NF4; 2b: ArF = 2‐C6H3F2). The hydrido fluorido complex 2a is also accessible by means of the reaction of the hydroxido complex trans‐[Ir(4‐C5NF4)(H)(OH)(PiPr3)2] (3a) with Et3N·3HF. Both compounds 2a and 2b react with CO to give the carbonyl complexes trans‐[Ir(4‐C5NF4)(F)(H)(CO)(PiPr3)2] (4a: ArF = 4‐C5NF4; 4b: ArF = 2‐C6H3F2). In the presence of traces of water, a slow reaction of 2a with CO2 yields the hydrogencarbonato complex trans‐[Ir(4‐C5NF4)(H)(κ2‐(O,O)‐O2COH)(PiPr3)2] (5a). Upon using 2a or 2b as fluorinating agent, Ph3SiH could be converted into Ph3SiF and CH3C(O)Cl into CH3C(O)F.