bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of pineal cysts in children and young adults
Authors: Al-Holou Wajd N. , Garton Hugh J. L. , Muraszko Karin M. , Ibrahim Mohannad , Maher Cormac O. 
Published: September 2009

Object
Pineal cysts are a frequent incidental finding on intracranial imaging. In adults, the prevalence of pineal cysts is estimated to be 1.1–4.3%. However, the prevalence is not well established in younger patients.

Methods
The authors retrospectively reviewed a consecutive series of 14,516 patients 25 years of age and younger, who underwent brain MR imaging at a single institution over an 11-year period. In patients identified with pineal cysts, the authors analyzed the images according to cyst size, signal characteristics, enhancement pattern, and evidence of local mass effect. Patient characteristics including demographics and other intracranial diagnoses were collected in the pineal cyst population and compared with a randomly selected age- and sex-matched control patient population. The data were evaluated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression, linear regression, and ANOVA.

Results
The authors identified 288 pineal region cysts (2.0%). The prevalence of pineal cysts was higher in female (2.4%) than in male patients (1.5%; p < 0.001). Pineal cysts were identified in patients of all ages, with an increased prevalence found in older patients (p < 0.001). Pineal cyst size was similar for all age and sex groups.

Conclusions
Pineal cysts are common in the pediatric population, with an increased prevalence in girls and in older patients.
Achieving Effective Care Coordination in the Medical Home
Authors: McAllister Jeanne W. , Presler Elizabeth , Turchi Renee , Antonelli Richard C. 
Published: September 2009

CME Educational Objectives

1.
Define care coordination as a critical element of the patient and family-centered medical home.

2.
Discuss challenges and opportunities pertinent to the implementation of effective coordination of care within the medical home

3.
Discuss how providing team-based, comprehensive, continuous, and coordinated care enhances outcomes for children, youth, their families and the satisfaction of healthcare professionals.
Stromal Thickness in the Normal Cornea: Three-dimensional Display With Artemis Very High-Frequency Digital Ultrasound
Authors: Reinstein Dan Z. , Archer Timothy J. , Gobbe Marine , Silverman Ronald H. , Coleman D. Jackson 
Published: September 2009

Purpose:
To characterize the stromal thickness profile in a population of normal eyes.

Methods:
Stromal thickness profile was measured in vivo by Artemis very high-frequency digital ultrasound scanning (ArcScan, Morrison, Colo) across the central 10-mm corneal diameter on 110 normal eyes. Maps of the average, standard deviation, minimum, maximum, and range of stromal thickness were plotted. The average location of the thinnest stroma was found. The cross-sectional hemi-meridional stromal thickness profile was calculated using annular averaging. The absolute stromal thickness progression relative to the thinnest point was calculated using annular averaging as well as for 8 hemi-meridians individually.

Results:

The mean stromal thickness at the corneal vertex and at the thinnest point were 465.4±36.9
µ
m and 461.8±37.3
µ
m, respectively. The thinnest stroma was displaced on average 0.17±0.31 mm inferiorly and 0.33±0.40 mm temporally from the corneal vertex. The average absolute stromal thickness progression from the thinnest point could be described by the quadratic equation: stromal thickness = 6.411 × radius
2
+ 2.444 × radius (R
2
= 0.999). Absolute stromal thickness progression was independent of stromal thickness at the thinnest point. The increase in hemi-meridional absolute stromal thickness progression was greatest superiorly and lowest temporally.

Conclusions:

Three-dimensional thickness mapping of the corneal stroma and stromal thickness progression in a population of normal eyes represent a normative data set, which may help in early diagnosis of corneal abnormalities such as keratoconus and pellucid marginal degeneration. Absolute stromal thickness progression was found to be independent of stromal thickness. [
J Refract Surg
. 2009;25:776–786.]
Comparison of Sequential vs Same-Day Simultaneous Collagen Cross-Linking and Topography-Guided PRK for Treatment of Keratoconus
Authors: Kanellopoulos Anastasios John 
Published: September 2009

Purpose:
The safety and efficacy of corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) and topography-guided photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) using a different sequence and timing were evaluated in consecutive keratoconus cases.

Methods:
This study included a total of 325 eyes with keratoconus. Eyes were divided into two groups. The first group (n=127 eyes) underwent CXL with subsequent topography-guided PRK performed 6 months later (sequential group) and the second group (n=198 eyes) underwent CXL and PRK in a combined procedure on the same day (simultaneous group). Statistical differences were examined for pre- to postoperative changes in uncorrected (UCVA, logMAR) and best-spectaclecorrected visual acuity (BSCVA, logMAR), manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE), keratometry (K), topography, central corneal thickness, endothelial cell count, corneal haze, and ectatic progression. Mean follow-up was 36±18 months (range: 24 to 68 months).

Results:

At last follow-up in the sequential group, the mean UCVA improved from 0.9±0.3 logMAR to 0.49±0.25 logMAR, and mean BSCVA from 0.41±0.25 logMAR to 0.16±0.22 logMAR. Mean reduction in spherical equivalent refraction was 2.50±1.20 diopters (D), mean haze score was 1.2±0.5, and mean reduction in K was 2.75±1.30 D. In the simultaneous group, mean UCVA improved from 0.96±0.2 logMAR to 0.3±0.2 logMAR, and mean BSCVA from 0.39±0.3 logMAR to 0.11±0.16 logMAR. Mean reduction in spherical equivalent refraction was 3.20±1.40 D, mean haze score was 0.5±0.3, and mean reduction in K was 3.50±1.3 D. Endothelial cell count preoperatively and at last follow-up was unchanged (
P
<.05) in both groups. Statistically, the simultaneous group did better (
P
<.05) in all fields evaluated, with improvement in UCVA and BSCVA, a greater mean reduction in spherical equivalent refraction and keratometry, and less corneal haze.

Conclusions:

Same-day simultaneous topography-guided PRK and CXL appears to be superior to sequential CXL with later PRK in the visual rehabilitation of progressing keratoconus. [
J Refract Surg
. 2009;25:S812–S818.]
Transconjunctival Sutureless Vitrectomy for the Treatment of Vitreoretinal Complications in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Yang Sung Jae , Yoon Sam Young , Kim June-gone , Yoon Young Hee 
Published: September 2009

Background and Objective:
To compare the safety and effectiveness of 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy (TSV) with conventional 20-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for the treatment of vitreoretinal complications in patients with diabetic retinopathy.

Patients and Methods:
Forty-five eyes of 44 consecutive patients with diabetes mellitus who had undergone 25-gauge TSV for the treatment of vitreous hemorrhage, traction retinal detachment, or diabetic macular edema and 45 control patients with diabetes mellitus who had undergone conventional 20-gauge PPV were studied.

Results:
The mean duration of surgery in the 25-gauge TSV group was statistically significantly shorter than that in the 20-gauge PPV group. The mean visual acuity at both 1 week and 1 month after surgery was statistically significantly better in the 25-gauge TSV group than in the 20-gauge PPV group. Complications in the 25-gauge TSV group were similar to those in the 20-gauge PPV group.

Conclusion:
A shorter operation time and faster recovery of postoperative visual acuity were the main advantages of using 25-gauge TSV. Despite its limitations, 25-gauge TSV can be safely used for the treatment of vitreoretinal complications in patients with diabetes mellitus.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2009;40:461–466.]
A mechanistic model for roll waves for two‐phase pipe flow
Authors: Johnson George W. , Bertelsen Arnold F. , Nossen Jan 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA new two‐phase roll wave model is compared with data from high pressure two‐phase stratified pipe flow experiments. Results from 754 experiments, including mean wave speed, wave height, pressure gradient, holdup and wave length, are compared with theoretical results. The model was able to predict these physical quantities with good accuracy without introducing any new empirically determined quantities to the two‐fluid model equations. This was possible by finding the unique theoretical limit for nonlinear roll amplitude and applying a new approach for determining the friction factor at the gas‐liquid interface. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Chemical Variation in Piper aduncum and Biological Properties of Its Dillapiole‐Rich Essential Oil
Authors: de Almeida Roseli R. P. , Souto Raimundo N. P. , Bastos Cleber N. , da Silva Milton H. L. , Maia José G. S. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe essential oils of the specimens of Piper aduncum that occur in deforested areas of Brazilian Amazon, North Brazil, are rich in dillapiole (35–90%), a derivative of phenylpropene, to which are attributed biological properties. On the other hand, the oils of the specimens with occurrence in the Atlantic Forest, and Northeastern and Southeastern Brazil, do not contain dillapiole, but only terpene compounds such as (E)‐nerolidol and linalool. One specimen existing in the Amazon was hydrodistilled. The obtained oil was fractioned on a silica chromatographic column, resulting in fractions rich in dillapiole (95.0–98.9%) utilized for analyses by GC and GC/MS, structural characterization by NMR, confirmation of their biological properties, and to obtain the isomer isodillapiole. Dillapiole showed a fungicide action against the fungus Clinipellis perniciosa (witches' broom) by inhibition of its basidiospores, in concentrations ranging from 0.6 to 1.0 ppm. The larvicide and insecticide actions of dillapiole were tested against the larvae and the adult insects of Anopheles marajoara and Aedes aegypti (malaria and dengue mosquitoes), resulting in mortality of the larvae (48 h, 100%) at a concentration of 100 ppm, and mortality of the insects (30 min, 100%) at a concentration of 600 ppm. The isomeric isodillapiole showed no significant activity in the same biological tests.
Cashmirols A and B, New Lipoxygenase Inhibiting Triterpenes from Sorbus cashmiriana
Authors: Kazmi Mehdi Hassan , Ahmed Ejaz , Hameed Saira , Malik Abdul , Fatima Itrat , Ashraf Muhammad 
Published: September 2009

AbstractTwo new triterpenes, cashmirols A and B (1 and 2, resp.), along with three known compounds have been isolated from the AcOEt‐soluble fraction of Sorbus cashmiriana, and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques including two‐dimensional NMR. Both compounds displayed lipoxygenase enzyme inhibitory potential.
Interaction of Isoquinoline Alkaloids with Polymorphic DNA Structures
Authors: Bhadra Kakali , Maiti Motilal , Kumar Gopinatha Suresh 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe interaction of berberine, palmatine, and coralyne with the B, Z, and HL form of poly[d(G‐C)] was studied. Berberine and palmatine showed moderate binding to the B form, while coralyne showed higher binding, as revealed from spectroscopic and thermodynamic data. Berberine and coralyne binding to the B form was exothermic and enthalpy‐driven, while palmatine showed exothermic binding which was favored by both negative enthalpy and negative entropy changes. Berberine and palmatine neither bind nor converted the Z‐form structure to B form. Coralyne, on the other hand, exhibited a strong binding affinity to Z DNA structure that was enthalpy‐driven. Berberine binding to the HL form was cooperative, exothermic, and favored by both negative enthalpy and negative entropy changes with the formation of an induced CD band. Palmatine showed weak binding, while coralyne showed a strong binding with the HL form. The structural differences in the isoquinoline alkaloids appear to influence the affinity and mode of interactions with these polymorphic DNA structures.
Asymmetric Cyanation of Aldehydes, Ketones, Aldimines, and Ketimines Catalyzed by a Versatile Catalyst Generated from Cinchona Alkaloid, Achiral Substituted 2,2′‐Biphenol and Tetraisopropyl Titanate
Authors: Wang Jun , Wang Wentao , Li Wei , Hu Xiaolei , Shen Ke , Tan Cheng , Liu Xiaohua , Feng Xiaoming 
Published: September 2009

AbstractFull investigation of cyanation of aldehydes, ketones, aldimines and ketimines with trimethylsilyl cyanide (TMSCN) or ethyl cyanoformate (CNCOOEt) as the cyanide source has been accomplished by employing an in situ generated catalyst from cinchona alkaloid, tetraisopropyl titanate [Ti(OiPr)4] and an achiral modified biphenol. With TMSCN as the cyanide source, good to excellent results have been achieved for the Strecker reaction of N‐Ts (Ts=p‐toluenesulfonyl) aldimines and ketimines (up to >99 % yield and >99 % ee) as well as for the cyanation of ketones (up to 99 % yield and 98 % ee). By using CNCOOEt as the alternative cyanide source, cyanation of aldehyde was accomplished and various enantioenriched cyanohydrin carbonates were prepared in up to 99 % yield and 96 % ee. Noteworthy, CNCOOEt was successfully employed for the first time in the asymmetric Strecker reaction of aldimines and ketimines, affording various α‐amino nitriles with excellent yields and ee values (up to >99 % yield and >99 % ee). The merits of current protocol involved facile availability of ligand components, operational simplicity and mild reaction conditions, which made it convenient to prepare synthetically important chiral cyanohydrins and α‐amino nitriles. Furthermore, control experiments and NMR analyses were performed to shed light on the catalyst structure. It is indicated that all the hydroxyl groups in cinchona alkaloid and biphenol complex with TiIV, forming the catalyst with the structure of (biphenoxide)Ti(OR*)(OiPr). The absolute configuration adopted by biphenol 4 m in the catalyst was identified as S configuration according to the evidence from control experiments and NMR analyses. Moreover, the roles of the protonic additive (iPrOH) and the tertiary amine in the cinchona alkaloid were studied in detail, and the real cyanide reagent in the catalytic cycle was found to be hydrogen cyanide (HCN). Finally, two plausible catalytic cycles were proposed to elucidate the reaction mechanisms.
Cucurbit[7]uril Complexation Drives Thermal trans–cis‐Azobenzene Isomerization and Enables Colorimetric Amine Detection
Authors: Wu Jing , Isaacs Lyle 
Published: September 2009

AbstractComplexation of yellow diaminoazobenzenes 1 and 3 inside cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) results in the formation of purple‐colored CB[7]⋅cis‐1⋅2 H+ and CB[7]⋅cis‐3⋅2 H+ complexes, respectively. The high binding affinity and selectivity displayed by CB[7] toward 1 and 3 pays the >10 kcal mol−1 thermodynamic cost for this isomerization. We investigated the behavior of these complexes as a function of pH and observed large pKa shifts and high pH responsiveness, which are characteristic of cucurbit[n]uril molecular containers. The remarkable yellow to purple color change was utilized in the construction of an indicator displacement assay for biologically active amines 4–10. This indicator displacement assay is capable of quantifying the pseudoephedrine (5) content in Sudafed tablets over the 5–350 μM range.
Mathematical modelling of avascular tumour growth based on diffusion of nutrients and its validation
Authors: Kiran Kanchi Lakshmi , Jayachandran Devaraj , Lakshminarayanan S. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIn this paper, a mathematical model based on the diffusion of nutrients is developed by considering the physiological changes accompanying the growth of avascular tumour. Avascular tumour growth involves the formation of three different zones namely proliferation, quiescent and necrotic zones. The main processes on which avascular tumour growth depends are: (i) diffusion of nutrients through the tumour from the contiguous tissues, (ii) consumption rate of the nutrients by the cells in the tumour, and (iii) cell death by apoptosis and necrosis. In the model, we consider the tumour to be spherical and the principal nutrients responsible for its growth are oxygen and glucose. By solving for the concentration profiles using the model developed, we are able to compute the radii of the quiescent and necrotic zones as well as that of the tumour. The proposed model is also validated using in vitro tumour growth data and Gompertzian empirical relationship parameters available in the literature. Our model is also successful in capturing the saturated volume of the avascular tumour for different nutrient concentrations at the tumour surface.
Process development studies on recovery of clean coal from ultra fine hardcoal tailings using enhanced gravity separator
Authors: Özgen Selçuk , Türksoy Velit Orçun , Sabah Eyüp , Oruç Filiz 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIn this study, we report the experimental results with respect to the beneficiation of fine hardcoal from the Çatalağzı Coal Preparation site tailings containing about 90% (by weight) of −600 µm size particles. These tailings contain 28.41% ash. The coal sample was subjected to a two‐stage concentration process. The underflow product of hydrocyclone under optimized conditions was further processed in Mozley Multi‐Gravity Separator to reduce the ash content of the coal. The results showed that a coal product containing 6.98% ash was obtainable with recovery of 61.73% by this two‐stage concentration process.
Primary tibial adamantinoma diagnosed by fine needle aspiration
Authors: Bishop Justin A. , Ali Syed Z. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAdamantinoma is one of the rarest primary bone tumors and is almost exclusively found in the tibia. Because of its scarcity, there are only a handful of reported cases of adamantinoma diagnosed by fine needle aspiration (FNA). We report a case of a 30‐year‐old woman seen at The Johns Hopkins Hospital for a 2.5‐cm lytic lesion in the distal diaphysis of the tibia. A computed tomography‐guided FNA of the lesion revealed a moderately cellular lesion consisting of a biphasic admixture of epithelioid cells seen singly and in fragments. These cells had round to oval nuclei with pale chromatin and well‐formed nuclear grooves. The other population had more elongated nuclei and spindled appearance. An immunostain for cytokeratin was positive, supporting the diagnosis of adamantinoma. Due primarily to its rarity, the diagnosis of adamantinoma on FNA can be challenging and must be made in the context of its characteristic clinical and radiographic setting. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pulmonary non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) of diffuse large B‐cell type with simultaneous humeral involvement in a young lady: An uncommon presentation with cytologic implications
Authors: Ruben Irene , Dighe Swati , Ajit Dulhan , Gujral Sumeet , Jambhekar Nirmala A. , Rekhi Bharat 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA bronchogenic carcinoma, almost invariably, presents as a lung mass. Primary pulmonary lymphomas are rare. We report an unusual case of a pulmonary non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) with simultaneous involvement of the right humerus in a 37 year old lady. Bronchial lavage smears showed atypical cells with irregular nuclear membranes raising a suspicion of a hematolymphoid tumor, over a small cell carcinoma that was the closest differential diagnosis. Biopsy from the lung mass and from the lesion in the humerus showed an identical malignant round cell tumor with prominent apoptosis. On immunohistochemistry (IHC), tumor cells were diffusely positive for leukocyte common antigen (LCA), CD20 and MIB1 (70%), while negative for cytokeratin (CK), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) synaptophysin, chromogranin, neuron specific enolase (NSE), CD3, and CD10. Diagnosis of a pulmonary NHL of diffuse large B‐cell type with involvement of the humerus was formed.The case is presented to create an index of suspicion for the possibility of a NHL on respiratory samples, while dealing with small round cells with irregular nuclear membranes. IHC is necessary to confirm he diagnosis. A simultaneous association in the humerus in our case makes it unusual. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determination of 13C/12C ratios of urinary epitestosterone and its main metabolites 5α‐ and 5β‐androstane‐3α, 17α‐diol
Authors: Piper Thomas , Riemann Phillip , Opfermann Georg , Mareck Ute , Geyer Hans , Vajiala Graziela , Flenker Ulrich , Schänzer Wilhelm 
Published: September 2009

AbstractEpitestosterone (17α‐hydroxy‐androst‐4‐en‐3‐one, EpiT) belongs to the list of prohibited substances of the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA). Although it possesses no anabolic effect, it is presumed to be misused by athletes in order to mask administration of testosterone (T) by lowering the urinary T/EpiT ratio.To improve detection, an excretion study with 40 mg of orally administered EpiT was conducted focusing on the metabolites of EpiT: 5α‐ and 5β‐androstane‐3α,17 α‐diol (5aEpiD and 5bEpiD). A reference population of n = 74 volunteers was investigated to elucidate the urinary concentrations of these steroids.In order to prove whether an unusual finding in urinary concentrations or ratios is due to an illicit intake of steroids or due to physiological elevation, determination of carbon isotope ratios is advisable. A method for isotope ratio determination was developed to enable 13C/12C ratios of EpiT, 5bEpiD, 5aEpiD, pregnanediol and androsterone and etiocholanolone to be measured from a single urine specimen. The method's validity was tested by applying linear mixing models and specificity was ensured by means of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. δ13C values at natural levels were determined with a reference population and both Δ values and corresponding reference limits were calculated.Considering the implemented EpiT‐metabolites, a more than twofold extension of the detection time of EpiT administration was achieved with both the urinary concentration thresholds and the 13C/12C ratios. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lanthanide Complexes for Nonlinear Optics: From Fundamental Aspects to Applications
Authors: Andraud Chantal , Maury Olivier 
Published: September 2009

AbstractMagnetic and luminescence properties of lanthanide complexes have been extensively studied; however, their potentialities in nonlinear optics (NLO) have been less explored. Since beginning of the 2000s, these properties have become an emerging field of research from the point of view of both fundamental aspects and bioimaging applications. In this microreview, we attempt to make an exhaustive compilation of about ten years of research endeavours in lanthanide coordination chemistry and crystal engineering for nonlinear optics.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)