bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intervention Proposal in Outbreakes Foodborne Diseases in Oil Platforms
Authors: Araújo T. P. , Macedo L. F. , Haddad M. O. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
This paper aims to assist in the investigation of outbreaks of Foodborne Diseases (DTAs). Currently, cases of gastroenteritis occasionally occur on the platforms in Campos' Basin. This is a worrying fact, because this type of outbreak affects many people and may worsen depending on the type and amount of contaminated food consumed. In order to trace the causes of occurrence of these cases we have created a Standard Guideline (PE) with the procedures to be performed in cases of oil platforms gastroenteritis outbreaks. It is fundamental to the success of research that actions are taken quickly, as soon as they are checked the first symptoms.
Deepwater Environmental Long-term Observatory System (DELOS)
Authors: Walls Anne , Clarke Jim , Bagley Phil 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Deepwater represents a significant proportion of future oil and gas exploration and production. Scientists have however stated that the deepwater environment is less well understood than the dark side of the moon. At the same time there is increasing pressure from NGOs to postpone deepwater exploration until more is known about potential impacts. In partnership with the marine science community, and via capacity building in Angola, BP has developed and installed the world's first Deepwater Environmental Long-term Observatory System (DELOS) off the coast of Angola. Two environmental monitoring stations were installed, one in the near field and one in the far field 16 kms distant from, and upstream of, any infrastructure. These subsea platforms will be in place for around 25 years and, for the first time ever, will provide scientifically defensible data to distinguish between anthropogenic and natural change in the deep sea. Without this understanding future changes in the deepwater environment could be incorrectly attributed to E&P operations.
The data collected will be fundamental in helping Industry and the scientific community to build a long-term picture of deep-sea processes and ecology. In particular, it will enable us to: ➢Measure and monitor deep-sea biological communities➢Monitor the pace of recovery from any unforeseen impacts➢Differentiate between natural & anthropogenic changes and provide a linkage between marine biodiversity & climate change
The development of the system from concept through to fabrication, installation, and first data recovery is outlined including a first use of non-corrosive Glass Reinforced Plastic (GRP) as the primary structural element for a deepwater subsea facility. The selection of the various instrumentation modules and their application is discussed.
Upgrading a 2nd-Line Emergency Response Setup with Internet Web-Based Technology: A Case Story
Authors: Petersen S. P. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The Danish energy utility DONG Energy is one of Northern Europe's leading energy groups. The business is based on procuring, producing, distributing, trading and selling energy and related products in Northern Europe. One of the core business units, DONG Exploration & Production (DONG E&P) explores for and produces offshore oil and gas.
The present paper describes the DONG E&P 1st, 2nd and 3rd Line set-up for emergency preparedness and response, the planning process carried out, the human resource development needed and the lessons learned, when upgrading the 2nd Line onshore emergency response set-up from a traditional emergency room white board approach to a web-based crisis management program system with 4 electronic information boards.
A computer based set-up linked with an internet web-server program for 2nd Line on-shore crisis management has shown to offer a number of advantages compared to a traditional white board based system. Information and allocated actions are much more easily accessed, transferred to and shared between the involved duty functions. This allows staff on other locations to be directly involved in the emergency response team actions. As the system is web-based, the information boards and the crisis management system can be accessed from anywhere (including 1st and 3rd Line) as long as one has the appropriate user rights. The system has a log-function very useful for event documentation and training purposes - as well as a roster planning module.
Standard Healthy Menu in Oil Platforms
Authors: Araujo T. P. , Macedo L. F. , Haddad M. O. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Nowadays, the food reaches concern at world level. In Brazil we have observed this concern after the results of the Research of Family budgets (POF 2002-2003) that points 40% of the Brazilian population above the ideal weight. In July of 2008 the minister of the health installed a forum in order to define alternatives to reduce fats, salt and sugar in the industrialized foods. We have observed in the demonstrated studies, that workers tend to ingest more foods if the food is supplied by the company, in way to obtain a larger compensation, mainly those that receive low wages. The food can be also transformed in "escape valve" in anxious individuals. These results show the importance of offering healthy foods in the company. The standard menu UN-BC objectives improves the quality of the served meals and to turn to a healthier alimentary environment, favoring the healthy choices, mainly in an oil platform, a confinement place, where the workers stay fourteen embarked days.
The Heinrich Accident Triangle—Too Simplistic A Model for HSE Management in the 21st Century?
Authors: Anderson Martin , Denkl Michael 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The accident triangle, developed by H.W. Heinrich in the 1930s, is a fundamental cornerstone of safety philosophy which postulates that there is a numerical relationship between unsafe acts, minor injuries, and major (fatal) injuries. This principle has driven the approach and techniques used by all companies actively engaged in reducing injuries in the workforce for over 70 years.
All companies in the oil and gas industry have the ultimate goal of zero injuries and, in particular, zero fatal injuries within their workforce. Current injury trends show that the total recordable injury rate (TRIR) for a given company can still be systematically reduced year on year if the right commitment and focus is given to safety. This does not hold true in many cases for the fatal accident rate (FAR) which often no longer mirrors the TRIR trend as one would intuitively expect. This begs an answer to the question of whether the tools and methods used to reduce fatalities are still working.
This paper demonstrates that Heinrich's principle works only when applied to a large number of combined hazards and activities. The paper shows that ratios postulated by Heinrich do not work when applied to specific activities. The result is that companies tend to over focus on the easily identifiable risks which follow the Heinrich triangle but are often nonfatal, at the cost of losing sight of activities that have the potential of a fatal outcome.
By drawing on the 2.3 million risk reports recorded in the health, safety, and environment (HSE) database of an oilfield services company, the paper also demonstrates the value of focusing on risk potential—rather than only on actual event outcome— as a key tool for minimizing catastrophic loss. It discusses strategies of how to specifically target and actively work on improving the FAR as opposed to the more general TRIR.
Avoiding Future Fatal Incidents Through Applying Lessons from Past Knowledge
Authors: Denkl Michael , Anderson Martin , Marley Bernard 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The oil and gas industry has reduced the fatal accident rate significantly over the last two decades, although in recent years this trend has slowed or stagnated, or in some cases fatalities have even increased. The reasons leading to many of these fatal incidents are not new. Incidents are often repeat events or events that are similar to previous incidents. So, the immediate question to ask is why have companies within the oil and gas industry, despite having investigated and communicated such events extensively, apparently not learned from past events?
This paper discusses and defines what learning means in the context of learning from a past event. It identifies the types of events companies must learn from, namely those with a higher probability of a catastrophic outcome. Having defined these first two points, the paper presents a method that meets the requirements of a learning process. Participants who attend such a learning session are taken through a three-step process, which engages them at different stages. The aim is to let the participants derive the solutions that would have prevented the incident—instead of giving them the outcome of the investigation and the associated lessons learned.
This paper presents a learning process that has been specifically designed to engage front line staff to gain a deeper understanding of lessons learned from past catastrophic or high potential events. The aim is to improve comprehension of what led to these events, to increase the memory retention of what would have prevented the catastrophic outcome, and to gain verbal agreement and commitment from the participants to apply the identified control measures needed to prevent a given event from happening again. This should ultimately lead to achieving further reductions in the fatal accident rate.
Electronic Journey Management—A Web-Based Approach to Journey Management
Authors: Denkl Michael , Cocianni Virgilio 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Land transport-related activities continue to be the most hazardous activities performed in the oil and gas industry year on year. This is reflected in the International Association of Oil & Gas Producers (OGP) yearly safety-performance indicators report, in which vehicle incidents are cited as the single biggest cause of fatal accidents. Much has been done to improve the motor vehicle crash rate (MVCR) by addressing vehicle technical safety standards, implementing a journey management (JM) process, providing driver training, implementing driver improvement monitors, and working on the behavior of drivers. Among these listed key control measures, the JM process is often poorly or inconsistently implemented, resulting in accidents that could have been otherwise prevented. Too frequently, best practices are not implemented universally or are dropped because of a lack of situational understanding. Over time, internally managed processes have a tendency to degrade.
This paper presents the learnings from an oilfield services company's introduction of a web-based journey management application that was developed to promote a consistent and standardized process flow for creating a trip, assessing the risks of the trip, approving the trip, and monitoring the trip before finally closing the trip. Additional benefits of such an electronic JM approach include the capability to more easily measure and monitor deviations from a company's JM standard and the visibility to enforce accountability during the journey approval process.
Coiled Tubing Real-Time Downhole Measurements Reduce Total Exposure to HSE Risks
Authors: Morbelli D. , Altinkopru T. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Through a series of examples, this study examines how real-time bottomhole data has reduced or mitigated the risks inherent to coiled tubing (CT) applications, leading to safer job execution.
A number of tasks such as rigging up, mixing fluids, pumping, and rigging down are part of conventional CT interventions. Each of these tasks has risks associated with it. With the intent of optimizing CT operations, a fiber optic system was developed to enable real-time bottomhole measurements, allowing live monitoring of interventions. By providing real-time downhole intelligence, the technology has provided the means to operate more efficiently and enhanced the service quality and reliability of the CT services. More importantly, it helps optimize or minimize the tasks associated with conventional CT interventions, reducing personnel exposure to many of the risks.
By providing a real-time casing collar locator (CCL), performing an extra dummy run is no longer necessary for all depth- critical operations. Reducing the number of runs not only reduces overall operational time, it also reduces personnel exposure to hazards related to these operations.
Downhole pressure and temperature sensors have provided positive confirmation of gun detonation on CT perforating applications, reducing the risk of pulling out of hole with live guns.
The monitoring of real-time bottomhole pressure provides a safer way to manage pressure by either assessing and obtaining the preferred perforating balance condition or validating the operation of the choke during a cleanout to avoid gas entry and to maintain a better control of the well.
In applications such as matrix stimulations, cleanouts, or even nitrogen kickoff, the system has proven beneficial and effective in optimizing treatment volumes, consequently reducing extended cleanouts and associated flow back and flaring.
Finally, this study evaluates the process of making informed decisions during execution of a CT job based on real-time downhole critical parameters and their impact on overall HSE performance.
The Implementation and Sustenance of a Workplace Cardiovascular Health Program - One Company's Experience
Authors: Fagade OA , Ajayi PA , Fadeyi OT , Nnadi TN 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is on the increase – Nigeria inclusive. World Health Organization findings on global disease trends support this. In response to this, one Company Corporate Health and Medical Services (the "Company") in partnership with INTERxVENT (a health programs provider) developed an enterprise- wide, voluntary, confidential Cardiovascular Health Program (CHP). The program theme, RECOGNIZE YOUR RISK, CHANGE YOUR FUTURE encapsulates its aim to educate employees about their cardiovascular disease risk and empower them to lower their risks.
The two primary features of the Company's CHP are - Cardiovascular Risk Assessment (CRA) and access to resources to guide and support employees to make changes in their lifestyle. The program's areas of focus are – Blood Pressure and Cholesterol, Weight management and nutrition, Smoking cessation and Stress management. The program was adopted in three locations with the intent to incorporate the feedback and experiences from these three locations, before offering the program-resources enterprise-wide.
Initial planning began mid-2007 culminating in the formal launch of CHP in all locations between January 22 and 25, 2008. The enthusiastic embrace of CHP in Nigeria is generally regarded as exemplary as manifested by the relatively higher number of business unit employees who completed their CRAs and proceeded to participate in follow-up mentoring activities.
This paper discusses the various health promotion initiatives that provided useful linkages and leverages for the success of CHP in Nigeria. An outline of strategies and tactics to raise CHP awareness and sustain employees’ interest is also provided. The many challenges encountered in the implementation process and the various mitigating measures undertaken are also highlighted.
Evolution in Optical Downhole Multiphase Flow Measurement: Experience Translates into Enhanced Design
Authors: Ünalmis Ö. H. , Johansen E. S. , Perry L. W. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Innovative technology and measurement methods along with intelligent production optimization processes are important enablers with regards to intelligent fields and real-time reservoir management. Downhole multiphase flow measurement technologies play a major role in monitoring and optimizing well performance especially wells equipped with advanced well completions such as downhole inflow control devices (ICD) or inflow control valves (ICV)
This paper builds on a pilot installation and comprehensive assessment of the world’s first installation of downhole multiphase flowmeters and optical pressure and temperature sensors in a maximum reservoir contact (MRC) well in Saudi Arabia. One of the major findings from the initial study was that while the optical flowmeter operated successfully at most downhole choke valve settings, it was unable to make sensible readings at specific settings due to excessive acoustic noise. The results from the assessment were instrumental in improving the design of the flowmeter to tolerate higher acoustic noise levels. The initial appraisal and acceptance of this completion technology was closed by having the improved flowmeter manufactured and successfully flow tested under various laboratory conditions. The lessons learned from this experience have provided insights into downhole multiphase flowmeter sensing technologies, its capabilities and limitations. Furthermore, it demonstrates how open collaboration between operator and equipment manufacturer can yield reliable and fit for purpose equipment, a model that can be used to improve other technologies pertaining to intelligent fields and real-time reservoir management.
The Importance of An Interview in the Risk Analysis: An Overview
Authors: Coelho A. C. , Lima G. B. , Neto L. M. , Amaral S. P. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The risk analysis and the risk identification are success factors of any risk management process. The biggest difficult that we (technical community) have found in this aspect concerns subjective feeling of the specialist. Risk analysis methodologies are largely applied around the world with different approaches. In fact, we have been noticing that "technical professionals" always have pay attention for objective aspects when they are planning a risk analysis job, but although sometimes they forget to evaluate the subjective factors that are include when many people are joining to do a specific task. Factors like behavior, professional necessities, professional interests, time of experience, etc…
Normally the coordinator of these studies is a foreigner person who does not know, how to deal with the reality of the company in the communication factors, behavior, rules, relationship and establishment. He is hired to perform a risk analysis but he does not know what is written in invisible way, or in another words, which has never ever been said.
Under this point of view, this paper improves benefits for a research using a special interview with different criteria to previously furnish the coordinator with the scenario he is likely to find during the meetings and others stages of the risk analysis.
Quantification of Land Contamination Due to Disposal of Produced Water in Effluent Pits Associated With Crude Oil in Kuwait
Authors: Mutairi Majed-Al , Al-Harbi Bander , Al-Gharabally Dhari , Vangala Krishna 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Effluent Pits are disposal pits in which produced water, originating from the initial separation of oil and gas is left to evaporate. The pits were typically constructed as a large earth bund and are usually lined with HDPE sheets to prevent lateral and vertical migration of pollutants. The Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) had set out a program to inject produced water into deep disposal wells after treatment and not dispose to effluent pits. Thirty-nine (39) out of Fifty-five (55) effluent pits that exist across the KOC assets were selected for decommissioning and remediation. The balance pits were kept for the purpose of emergency operational requirement. An intrusive investigation were undertaken on a representative number of de-commissioned pits to assess the vertical and lateral penetration of contamination in order to understand the remedial requirements and to restore the pits to the background concentration levels. Samples were collected at multiple points and depths within the each pit. A total of 56 soil samples (14 samples per pit) were drawn from four evaporation pits spread across company fields. The samples were analyzed for the "Standard Suite" of Contaminants of Concern (COCs) such as Petroleum Hydrocarbons, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, BTEX(Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl Benzene and Xylene), Heavy Metals and other inorganic compounds. The chemical testing had identified limited exceedances of the company's industrial RBCLs (Risk Based Clean-up Levels). However, it had identified widespread exceedances of the ecotoxicological RBCLs (Canadian regulation) across all locations for the main hydrocarbon fractions (TPH-DRO &gt;C10 – C16 and TPH-RRO&gt; C16-C35). Ecotoxicity failures were also frequently noted for heavy metals, PAHs and benzene. Despite the exceedances of these ecotoxicity screening criteria, direct evidence of phytotoxic effects on the flora and fauna within the oilfields was not noted. The results showed a mixed pattern of potential risks. The presence and depth of low permeability layers such as gatch coupled with artificial liners of HDPE appeared to have an important controlling factor in the extent of vertical and lateral migration of contamination. The assessment concluded predicting lower risks to industrial workers, moderate risk to groundwater and moderate/high impacts on ecology.
Leadership and Management in HSE through Observation and a Preventative Attitude in Real Time and its Impact on Behavior and LA Organization
Authors: Torifio Segundo , Calle Walter , Kanhan Beatriz 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The implementation of an organizational health, safety, and environment (HSE) culture focused on behavioral observation and prevention is an unquestionable challenge that is encountered by most companies in all industries. The oil and gas industry is not excluded from this reality. A multinational company operating in Latin America has realized the importance of addressing this challenge by adopting and enhancing a program that is focused on the observation of unsafe acts and environmentally unfriendly behaviors as the core elements of a behavioral preventive system for employees.
This enhanced program, implemented more than 10 years ago, includes a Web-based real-time application that can be accessed by employees located anywhere in Latin America to enter observations, provide analyses of data, and/or plan actions for a specific identified trend of issues that require preventive management actions.
The system recognizes and rewards employees who have demonstrated the highest participation and superb quality on their preventive actions. It can generate alerts to the organization, based on historic participation trends and present participation. This paper explains the process of this system, which is a standard at the regional level and has captured the attention and participation of almost 80% of the regional workforce, including workers, supervisors, and managers.
The results of this initiative can be visualized graphically by plotting the participation trend of this program against the incidents rates, including lost time incidents (LTI) and recordable vehicle incidents (VIR), at a regional level over the years. In one curve we can see an increasing trend of observation with preventive interventions, as our workforce gets more aware and attentive to eliminate unsafe acts and potential hazards against the curves demonstrate that both LTI and VIR rates are decreasing yearly. The system is available through the Internet and can be demonstrated to the public, if required.