bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simple extraction‐solvothermal synthesis of single‐crystalline silver microplates
Authors: You Ting , Sun Sixiu , Song Xinyu , Xu Shuling 
Published: June 2009

AbstractSingle‐crystalline silver microplates, with average edge length of about 1.5 μm and thickness of 100 nm, have been synthesized by a simple extraction‐solvothermal method. Samples were characterized in detail by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) technologies. Extractant primary amine N1923 can also act as reducing agent. It has been found that microstructure of the silver can be controlled by the n‐octanol during the solvothermal treatment. Based on a series of experimental analysis, the possible formation mechanism of these microplates was discussed briefly. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Joint power, subcarrier and subframe allocation in Multihop relay networks
Authors: Girici Tolga 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn this paper we study the problem of subframe, subchannel and power allocation in OFDMA‐based multihop relay networks. The system consists of a base station (BS), a number of relay stations (RS) and mobile stations (MS). We consider frame by frame scheduling, where the frame is divided into two subframes such as BS‐RS and RS‐MS subframes. We study two different problems, satisfying link rate requirements with minimum‐weighted total power and maximizing proportional fairness. For the first problem, we find the optimal solution and also propose a less complex subframe and bandwidth allocation scheme with good performance. For the second problem, we propose an algorithm that outperforms an existing scheme with less feedback. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Variable expression of Dkc1 mutations in mice
Authors: He Jun , Gu Bai‐wei , Ge Jingping , Mochizuki Yuko , Bessler Monica , Mason Philip J. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn humans mutations in DKC1, cause the rare bone marrow failure syndrome dyskeratosis congenita. We have used gene targeting to produce mouse ES cells with Dkc1 mutations that cause DC when in humans. The mutation A353V, the most common human mutation, causes typical DC to very severe DC in humans. Male chimeric mice carrying this mutation do not pass the mutated allele to their offspring. The mutation G402E accounts for a single typical case of DC in a human family. The allele carrying this mutation was transmitted to the offspring with high efficiency. Expression of RNA and protein was reduced compared to wild type animals, but no abnormalities of growth and development or in blood values were found in mutant mice. Thus Dkc1 mutations have variable expression inmice, as in humans. genesis 47:366–373, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An essential gene mutagenesis screen across the highly conserved piebald deletion region of mouse chromosome 14
Authors: Hagarman James A. , O'Brien Timothy P. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe piebald deletion complex is a set of overlapping chromosomal deficiencies on distal mouse chromosome 14. We surveyed the functional genetic content of the piebald deletion region in an essential gene mutagenesis screen of 952 genomes to recover seven lethal mutants. The ENU‐induced mutations were mapped to define genetic intervals using the piebald deletion panel. Lethal mutations included loci required for establishment of the left‐right embryonic axis and a loss‐of‐function allele of Phr1 resulting in respiratory distress at birth. A functional map of the piebald region integrates experimental genetic data from the deletion panel, mutagenesis screen, and the targeted disruption of specific genes. A comparison of several genomic intervals targeted in regional mutagenesis screens suggests that the piebald region is characterized by a low gene density and high essential gene density with a distinct genomic content and organization that supports complex regulatory interactions and promotes evolutionary stability. genesis 47:392–403, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role for hedgehog pathway in regulating growth and function of invariant NKT cells
Authors: Syn Wing‐Kin , Witek Rafal P. , Curbishley Stuart M. , Jung Youngmi , Choi Steve S. , Enrich Barbara , Omenetti Alessia , Agboola Kolade M. , Fearing Caitlin M. , Tilg Herbert , Adams David H. , Diehl Anna Mae 
Published: June 2009

AbstractLymphocyte accumulation is characteristic of chronic hepatitis, but the mechanisms regulating lymphocyte numbers and their roles in liver disease progression are poorly understood. The Hedgehog (Hh) pathway regulates thymic development and lymphopoeisis during embryogenesis, and is activated in fibrosing liver disease in adults. Our objective was to determine if Hh ligands regulate the viability and phenotype of NKT cells, which comprise a substantial sub‐population of resident lymphocytes in healthy adult livers and often accumulate during liver fibrosis. The results demonstrate that a mouse invariant NKT cell line (DN32 iNKT cells), mouse primary liver iNKT cells, and human peripheral blood iNKT cells are all responsive to sonic hedgehog (Shh). In cultured iNKT cells, Shh enhances proliferation, inhibits apoptosis, induces activation, and stimulates expression of the pro‐fibrogenic cytokine, IL‐13. Livers of transgenic mice with an overly active Hh pathway harbor increased numbers of iNKT cells. iNKT cells also express Shh. These results demonstrate that iNKT cells produce and respond to Hh ligands, and that Hh pathway activation regulates the size and cytokine production of liver iNKT cell populations. Therefore, Hh pathway activation may contribute to the local expansion of pro‐fibrogenic iNKT cell populations during certain types of fibrosing liver damage.
MHC class II molecules activate NFAT and the ERK group of MAPK through distinct signaling pathways in B cells
Authors: Haylett Romney S. , Koch Norbert , Rink Lothar 
Published: June 2009

AbstractMHC class II (MHC‐II) molecules are capable of transducing signals with the help of associated molecules. Although the search to find associated molecules over the past few years has been fruitful, it remains clear that not all signaling components and their mechanisms of action have been identified. In this study, we investigated calcium and MAPK signaling pathways using the BJAB and Raji human B cell lines. We demonstrate that calcium mobilization is an isotype‐independent event that triggers the dephosphorylation of NFAT. We also show that BCR activation followed by MHC‐II ligation increases the activation of NFAT. This signaling pathway differs from MHC‐II‐mediated MAP activation, where MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation are isotype‐specific events, which correspond to the induction of c‐Fos and formation of AP‐1. Future studies should elucidate the intertwined, intricate signaling cascades triggered by BCR and MHC‐II leading to humoral immune responses.
IL‐15 is critical for the maintenance and innate functions of self‐specific CD8+ T cells
Authors: Itsumi Momoe , Yoshikai Yasunobu , Yamada Hisakata 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIL‐15 is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in host defense as well as autoimmunity. IL‐15‐deficient mice show a decrease of memory phenotype (MP) CD8+ T cells, which develop naturally in naïve mice and whose origin is unclear. It has been shown that self‐specific CD8+ T cells developed in male H‐Y antigen‐specific TCR transgenic mice share many similarities with naturally occurring MP CD8+ T cells in normal mice. In this study, we found that H‐Y antigen‐specific CD8+ T cells in male but not female mice decreased when they were crossed with IL‐15‐deficient mice, mainly due to impaired peripheral maintenance. The self‐specific TCR transgenic CD8+ T cells developed in IL‐15‐deficient mice showed altered surface phenotypes and reduced effector functions ex vivo. Bystander activation of the self‐specific CD8+ T cells was induced in vivo during infection with Listeria monocytogenes, in which proliferation but not IFN‐γ production was IL‐15‐dependent. These results indicated important roles for IL‐15 in the maintenance and functions of self‐specific CD8+ T cells, which may be included in the naturally occurring MP CD8+ T‐cell population in naïve normal mice and participate in innate host defense responses.
Neonates harbour highly active γδ T cells with selective impairments in preterm infants
Authors: Gibbons Deena L. , Haque Syeda F. Y. , Silberzahn Tobias , Hamilton Katherine , Langford Cordelia , Ellis Peter , Carr Robert , Hayday Adrian C. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAcknowledgement of the breadth of T‐cell pleiotropy has provoked increasing interest in the degree to which functional responsiveness is elicited by environmental cues versus differentiation. This is particularly relevant for young animals requiring rapid responses to acute environmental exposure. In young mice, γδ T cells are disproportionately important for immuno‐protection. To examine the situation in humans, we compared populations and clones of T cells from term and preterm babies, and adults. By comparison with αβ T cells, neonate‐derived γδ cells show stronger, pleiotropic functional responsiveness, and lack signatory deficits in IFN‐γ production. Emphasising the acquisition of functional competence in utero, IFN‐γ was produced by γδ cells sampled from premature births, and, although one month's post‐partum environmental exposure invariably increased their TNF‐α production, it had no consistent effect on IFN‐γ or IL‐2. In sum, γδ cells seem well positioned at birth to contribute to immuno‐protection and immuno‐regulation, possibly compensating for selective immaturity in the αβ compartment. With regard to the susceptibilities of preterm babies to viral infection, γδ cells from preterm neonates were commonly impaired in Toll‐like receptor‐3 and ‐7 expression and compared with cells from term babies failed to optimise cytokine production in response to coincident TCR and TLR agonists.
Type I IFN regulate DC turnover in vivo
Authors: Mattei Fabrizio , Bracci Laura , Tough David F. , Belardelli Filippo , Schiavoni Giovanna 
Published: June 2009

AbstractDC are the most potent antigen‐presenting cells that recognise signs of infection and serve as the main activators of naïve T cells. We have previously shown that type I IFN (IFN‐I) are produced by DC and can act in an autocrine manner to activate DC. In the present study, we have investigated the role of IFN‐I in regulating the turnover and lifespan of DC. We found that DC, especially the CD8α+ subset, from type I IFN receptor knock out (IFNAR KO) mice, display a reduced turnover rate when compared with DC from WT mice, as revealed by BrdU labelling kinetics. In vitro, IFNAR KO BM precursor cells cultured in the presence of GM‐CSF generated CD11c+ DC less efficiently than WT BM, and the IFNAR KO DC that arose displayed reduced migratory ability. Interestingly, splenic DC from IFNAR KO mice exhibited a higher survival rate in short‐term culture compared with control DC. Exposure to IFN‐I in vivo markedly increased the turnover rate of splenic DC, particularly CD8α+ DC, which was preceded by a transient induction of apoptosis. In accordance with this, IFN‐I stimulated the apoptosis of splenic DC in vitro. Overall, our data indicate that IFN‐I are important regulators of DC turnover in vivo and suggest that these cytokines may exert this function through the modulation of multiple processes involving DC apoptosis, proliferation and migration.
A Th17‐like developmental process leads to CD8+ Tc17 cells with reduced cytotoxic activity
Authors: Huber Magdalena , Heink Sylvia , Grothe Henrike , Guralnik Anna , Reinhard Katharina , Elflein Karin , Hünig Thomas , Mittrücker Hans‐Willi , Brüstle Anne , Kamradt Thomas , Lohoff Michael 
Published: June 2009

AbstractActivation of naive CD8+ T cells with antigen in the absence of skewing cytokines triggers their differentiation into effector CTL, which induces death of target cells. We show that CD8+ T cells activated in the presence of the cytokines IL‐6 or IL‐21 plus TGF‐β similar to CD4+ T cells, develop into IL‐17‐producing (Tc17) cells. These cells display greatly suppressed cytotoxic function along with low levels of the CTL markers: T‐box transcription factor Eomesodermin, granzyme B and IFN‐γ. Instead, these cells express hallmark molecules of Th17 program including retinoic acid receptor‐related orphan receptor (ROR)γt, RORα, IL‐21 and IL‐23R. The expression of the type 17 master regulator RORγt is causally linked to Tc17 generation, because its overexpression stimulates production of IL‐17 in the presence of IL‐6 or IL‐21. Both, upregulation of the type 17 program as well as suppression of CTL differentiation are STAT3 dependent. Furthermore, Tc17 cells producing IL‐17 but not granzyme B are also detectable in EAE, a mouse model for multiple sclerosis. Our data point to the existence of mutually exclusive CTL and Tc17 developmental pathways in vitro and in vivo.
Assessing rabbit and chicken tissue susceptibility to oxidation through the ferrous oxidation‐xylenol orange method
Authors: Tres Alba , Nuchi Carla Daniela , Bou Ricard , Codony Rafael , Guardiola Francesc 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe used an induced version of the FOX method to assess the oxidative stability of meats. Formerly, this induced version only measured the lipid hydroperoxide (LHP) value once the ferrous oxidation‐xylenol orange (FOX) reaction had reached a plateau. However, samples could have similar final LHP values that were reached in different ways. Thus, there may be variations in the samples' susceptibility to oxidation that are not detected by a final measurement of the LHP value. If the LHP value is measured at different points in the FOX reaction, it might be possible to calculate parameters such as induction time, oxidation rate, maximum LHP value, time of maximum LHP value and area under the curve. Such parameters might provide deeper insight into the evolution of oxidation in each sample than a final measurement of the LHP value. However, the accuracy of the measurement of these parameters could depend on the number of LHP measurements that can be taken during the FOX reaction. This improvement in the FOX method for assessing sample susceptibility to oxidation was applied to meats and other tissues such as liver.
Enzymatic reduction of polyunsaturated lysophosphati‐dylcholine hydroperoxides by glutathione peroxidase‐1
Authors: Huang Long Shuang , Kim Mee Ree , Sok Dai‐Eun 
Published: June 2009

AbstractSome lipid peroxides are known to be converted to their corresponding alcohols in cells containing glutathione peroxidase (GPx). In this respect, we examined the enzymatic conversion of lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) hydroperoxides to hydroxyl derivatives using RBL‐2H3 cells and erythrocyte GPx‐1. First, the incubation of RBL‐2H3 cells with arachidonoyl lysoPC led to the formation of a major product, with maximal UV absorbance at 234 nm and m/z [M+H]+ at 560.2, corresponding to monohydroxyeicosatetraenoyl lysoPC. Similarly, linoleoyl lysoPC was also converted to its hydroxyl derivative in RBL‐2H3 cells. Separately, lysoPC hydroperoxide, generated from soybean lipoxygenase 1‐catalyzed oxygenation of linoleoyl lysoPC, arachidonoyl lysoPC or docosahexaenoyl lysoPC, was converted by GPx‐1 to the corresponding hydroxyl derivatives. When the kinetic values were determined, the Km values (3.1–32.3 µM) of the polyunsaturated lysoPC hydroperoxides increased with decreasing number of double bonds, in contrast to a similar value of Vm among them. Moreover, the catalytic efficiency of docosahexaenoyl lysoPC hydroperoxide was much greater than that of H2O2 as substrate of GPx‐1. In related experiments, where phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxides were incubated with phospholipase A2 and GPx‐1, the complete conversion of phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxides to hydroxyl derivatives was confirmed by LC/MS. Taken together, it is proposed that GPx‐1‐type enzymes may participate in the conversion of polyunsaturated lysoPC hydroperoxides to hydroxyl derivatives in cell systems.
Unfavourable family characteristics and their associations with childhood obesity: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Moens Ellen , Braet Caroline , Bosmans Guy , Rosseel Yves 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjectiveThis cross‐sectional study explores the influence of multiple familial factors on children's weight status and the interaction between parenting stress and unfavourable family characteristics.MethodsA total of 197 families with children between 6 and 14 years participated in this study. Of this group, 97 families had a child with normal weight and 100 families had a child with overweight. Parents reported on seven family factors (maternal BMI, number of children, family structure, socioeconomic position, life events, parental psychopathology and parenting stress).ResultsFamilies with overweight children experience more parenting stress. A regression analysis revealed that familial factors explain 27% in the variance in child's weight status. The hypothesis that a combination of familial factors will be more able to explain child's adiposity could not be confirmed.ConclusionsFamilial factors have moderate ability to predict children's weight status. There is a need to identify other familial mechanisms taking into account developmental and temporal evolutions over the past decade. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
The uniform fuzzy index of power system security
Authors: Halilčević Suad Smail , Gubina Ferdinand , Gubina Andrej Ferdo 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe paper presents a new approach to assessment of the power system security. Using fuzzy membership functions of power system elements, it continuously quantifies the security state of a power system, as opposed to conventional methods which use off‐line screening for the most vulnerable system states. It introduces global fuzzy security index (GFSI) of the power system using system's variables characterized by fuzzy sets of a trapezoidal form. GFSI is calculated by multiplying the security membership grade (SMG) values of the power system's segments that exhibit the lowest SMG values. The power system security levels are traced continually through time using real data of power flow and state estimation calculations as well as measurements of variables inaccessible by the load flow analysis. The GFSI enables the system operator to identify the insecure state and then continuously monitor the distance of the power system's actual state and the insecure one. Application of the algorithm is illustrated using the data of Bosnian power system. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An adaptive distance relaying strategy based on global network simulation
Authors: Sadr V. Gohari , Kouhsari SH. M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn this paper, a new method based on Global Network Simulation (GNS) approach for adaptive distance relaying is presented. The GNS approach uses Diakoptics and Large Change Sensitivity (LCS) concepts to perform the interconnected power systems analysis globally. The proposed method employs the decentralized nature of GNS short circuit analysis for calculation of relay settings of each sub‐network independently in the federal environment. Updating the relay settings of each utility in every power system conditions adaptively as well as meeting individual utilities' adopted coordination philosophies are great achievements of presented approach. No computational errors encountered in the proposed method since the applied concepts eliminates the usual needs for equivalent network or reduced models. The proposed approach is well fitted for nowadays restructured power industry requirements. The performance of the presented approach is examined using the IEEE 14 bus as a small tangible test system and a real version of huge interconnected network for practical purposes. The results compared with conventional approach. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Suppressing white‐noise in partial discharge measurements part 2: the optimal de‐noising scheme
Authors: Xie Yanbin , Tang Ju , Zhang Xiaoxing 
Published: June 2009

AbstractSuppressing white noise in partial discharge (PD) measurements is a very challenging task. Complex Daubechies wavelet (CDW) transform is proved to be an effective method of noise rejection because of its shift‐invariance and available of phase information. The major challenge of noise rejection based on CDW transform is the determination of the optimal mother CDW, complex threshold and combined information. In this paper, a new method of determination of the optimal de‐noising scheme is proposed to solve this problem. The optimal mother CDW is determined by comparing the shift‐invariance among CDW2 to CDW12. Combined information and complex threshold are determined by calculating the waveform similarity between original signals and de‐noised signals as well as peak‐signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR) of de‐noised signals. On‐site applications of extracting PD signals from noisy background by the optimal de‐noising scheme based on CDW are illustrated. The on‐site experimental results show that the optimal de‐noising scheme is an effective way to suppress white noise in PD measurement. It preserves more energy of original signals and enables the waveform distortion small after de‐noising. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization and gene expression profiling in glioma cell lines with deletion of chromosome 19 before and after microcell‐mediated restoration of normal human chromosome 19
Authors: Drucker Kristen L. , Kitange Gaspar J. , Kollmeyer Thomas M. , Law Mark E. , Passe Sandra , Rynearson Amanda L. , Blair Hilary , Soderberg Cheryl L. , Morlan Bruce W. , Ballman Karla V. , Giannini Caterina , Jenkins Robert B. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractNearly 10% of human gliomas are oligodendrogliomas. Deletion of chromosome arm 19q, often in conjunction with deletion of 1p, has been observed in 65–80% of these tumors. This has suggested the presence of a tumor suppressor gene located on the 19q arm. Chromosome 19 deletion is also of interest due to the better prognosis of patients with deletion, including longer survival and better response to chemotherapy, compared with patients without deletion. Two glioma cell lines with deletion of 19q were used for chromosome 19 microcell‐mediated transfer, to assess the effect of replacing the deleted segment. Complementation with chromosome 19 significantly reduced the growth rate of the hybrid cells compared with the parental cell lines. Affymetrix U133 Plus 2.0 Gene Chip analysis was performed to measure and compare the expression of the chromosome 19 genes in the chromosome 19 hybrid cell lines to the parental cell line. Probes were considered significantly different when a P value <0.01 was seen in all of the cell line comparisons. Of 345 probes within the commonly deleted 19q region, seven genes (APOE, RCN3, FLJ10781, SAE1, STRN4, CCDC8, and BCL2L12) were identified as potential candidate genes. RT‐PCR analysis of primary tumor specimens showed that several genes had significant differences when stratified by tumor morphology or deletion status. This suggests that one or more of these candidates may play a role in glioma formation or progression. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.