bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrograde arterial flush of the liver graft in living donor liver transplantation may ameliorate post‐transplantational cholestasis – a prospective randomized study
Authors: Liu Chinsu , Loong Che‐Chuan , Hsia Cheng‐Yuan , Wang Shen‐Chih , Yeh Yi‐Chen , Lin Niang‐Cheng , Tsai Hsin‐Lin , Tsou Mei‐Yung 
Published: August 2011

Liu C, Loong C‐C, Hsia C‐Y, Wang S‐C, Yeh Y‐C, Lin N‐C, Tsai H‐L, Tsou M‐Y. Retrograde arterial flush of the liver graft in living donor liver transplantation may ameliorate post‐transplantational cholestasis – a prospective randomized study.  Clin Transplant 2011 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399‐0012.2011.01493.x.  © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Retrograde arterial flush (RGAF) of liver grafts, which prevents arterial intima injuries in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT), seemed to reduce post‐transplantational cholestasis by our preliminary study. The aim of this study was to further confirm this effect of RGAF of grafts in LDLT by a prospective randomized study. The enrolled cases were randomly divided into two groups, RGAF (portal flush plus RGAF) and non‐RGAF (portal flush only). The outcome measures included intra‐operative hemodynamic changes, one‐month post‐transplantational liver function tests and acute cellular rejection, vascular and biliary complications, the length of postoperative hospital stay, and graft and patient survivals. The significant findings of results were lower postoperative serum bilirubin in the RGAF group until three wk after transplantation (days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 serum total bilirubin, mg/dL: 5.82 ± 5.46, 3.95 ± 4.28, 4.87 ± 5.01, 3.62 ± 5.32, and 3.63 ± 6.91 vs. 8.41 ± 5.49, 7.47 ± 5.61, 10.0 ± 10.1, 9.06 ± 11.6, and 6.02 ± 9.84, respectively, in RGAF and non‐RGAF, p = 0.017, 0.002, 0.014, 0.011, 0.109) and shorter postoperative hospital stay in the RGAF group (31.1 ± 17.6 vs. 44.8 ± 32.3 d, respectively, in RGAF and non‐RGAF, p = 0.035). In conclusion, the RGAF of liver grafts on a back table may ameliorate postoperative functional cholestasis in LDLT, which possibly reduces postoperative hospital stay.
A pilot study: are dental hygienists in Texas ready for the elderly population explosion?
Authors: Dickinson C , Beatty CF , Marshall D 
Published: August 2011

To cite this article:

Int J Dent Hygiene 10, 2012; 128–137  DOI: 10.1111/j.1601‐5037.2010.00526.xDickinson C, Beatty CF, Marshall D. A pilot study: are dental hygienists in Texas ready for the elderly population explosion?Abstract:Purpose:  At the beginning of the 20th century, people 65 and older comprised 4.1% of the population. By the year 2030, it is estimated that people 65 and older, the ‘Baby Boomer’ generation, will comprise more than 20% of the population. This will have a profound effect on the practice of dentistry and on society as a whole. The purpose of this study was to determine whether dental hygienists in Texas felt prepared and willing to treat the elderly in alternative practice settings such as nursing homes.Methods:  After institutional review board approval, a questionnaire was mailed to 500 hygienists. A 5% systematic sample of dental hygiene graduates was taken from four dental hygiene schools in Texas, United States of America (USA). Of these, 175 were returned for a 35% response rate. Questions asked were degree held, how prepared the participants felt to treat the special needs of the elderly, if participants were willing to work in alternative practice settings such as a nursing home and if they felt additional education was needed. Frequency distributions, correlations and chi square were used to analyse the data.Results:  Results revealed 86.5% of the respondents felt prepared to somewhat prepared to treat the special needs of the elderly based on education; equally, 86.5% felt more education was needed to better prepare them to treat the elderly. Over half of the respondents would not be willing to work in alternative practice settings such as nursing homes.Conclusion:  The average respondents do not feel fully prepared to treat the elderly with special needs, and they think more education is needed to better prepare them to treat this important target population.
Computations with classical and p-adic modular forms
Authors: Lauder Alan G. B. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe present p-adic algorithms for computing Hecke polynomials and Hecke eigenforms associated to spaces of classical modular forms, using the theory of overconvergent modular forms. The algorithms have a running time which grows linearly with the logarithm of the weight and are well suited to investigating the dimension variation of certain p-adically defined spaces of classical modular forms.
Genome Sequence of Nitrosomonas sp. Strain AL212, an Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacterium Sensitive to High Levels of Ammonia
Authors: Yuichi Suwa , Norton Jeanette M. , Bollmann Annette , Klotz Martin G. , Stein Lisa Y. , Laanbroek Hendrikus J. , Arp Daniel J. , Goodwin Lynne A. , Chertkov Olga , Held Brittany , Bruce David , Detter J. Chris , Detter Janine C. , Tapia Roxanne , Han Cliff S. 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACT

Nitrosomonas
sp. strain AL212 is an obligate chemolithotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacterium (AOB) that was originally isolated in 1997 by Yuichi Suwa and colleagues. This organism belongs to
Nitrosomonas
cluster 6A, which is characterized by sensitivity to high ammonia concentrations, higher substrate affinity (lower

K
m

), and lower maximum growth rates than strains in
Nitrosomonas
cluster 7, which includes
Nitrosomonas europaea
and
Nitrosomonas eutropha.
Genome-informed studies of this ammonia-sensitive cohort of AOB are needed, as these bacteria are found in freshwater environments, drinking water supplies, wastewater treatment systems, and soils worldwide.
Draft Genome Sequence of Shewanella sp. Strain HN-41, Which Produces Arsenic-Sulfide Nanotubes
Authors: Kim Dong-Hun , Jiang Shenghua , Lee Ji-Hoon , Cho Yong-Joon , Chun Jongsik , Choi Sang-Haeng , Park Hong-Seog , Hur Hor-Gil 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACT

The dissimilatory metal reducing bacterium
Shewanella
sp. strain HN-41 was first reported to produce novel photoactive As-S nanotubes via reduction of As(V) and S
2
O
3
2−
under anaerobic conditions. Here we report the draft genome sequence and annotation of strain HN-41.
Comparison of Two Nucleic Acid Amplification Assays, the Xpert MTB/RIF Assay and the Amplified Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Direct Assay, for Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Respiratory and Nonrespiratory Specimens
Authors: Teo Jeanette , Jureen Roland , Chiang Donald , Chan Douglas , Lin Raymond 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACT
We compared the performance of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay, a new real-time tuberculosis (TB) PCR test, with that of the Amplified Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Direct (MTD) assay using 162 respiratory and nonrespiratory specimens. Based on culture as the gold standard, the overall sensitivity and specificity for all sample types for the Xpert MTB/RIF assay were 90.9 and 89%, respectively, while for the MTD assay, the overall sensitivity and specificity were 97.3 and 87.1%, respectively. A higher proportion of total equivocal results were obtained for the MTD assay, at 10.5% (17/162), while the Xpert MTB/RIF assay generated 5.5% (9/162) of invalid reads.
Evaluation of the DiversiLab Typing Method in a Multicenter Study Assessing Horizontal Spread of Highly Resistant Gram-Negative Rods
Authors: Overdevest I. T. M. A. , Willemsen I. , Elberts S. , Verhulst C. , Rijnsburger M. , Savelkoul P. , Kluytmans J. A. J. W. 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACT

The worldwide prevalence of highly resistant Gram-negative rods (HR-GNR) is increasing rapidly. Reliable typing methods are needed to detect and control outbreaks and to monitor the effectiveness of infection control programs in endemic situations. In this study, we investigated the performance of the DiversiLab typing method in comparison with the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) typing method. Six hundred fifty-three HR-GNR isolates, which were obtained during a 6-month prospective survey in 18 Dutch hospitals, were typed by AFLP and DiversiLab. Subsequently, the sensitivity and specificity of DiversiLab were calculated, using AFLP as the reference method. In addition, results were compared by means of epidemiological linkage, and Cohen's kappa for agreement was calculated. DiversiLab considered significantly more isolates (275) to belong to a cluster than AFLP (198) (
P
< 0.001). In direct comparison, the sensitivity was 83.8%, and the specificity was 78.6%. When epidemiological linkage was included in the analysis, DiversiLab considered eight isolates as secondary cases, which were considered unique in AFLP. Only two secondary cases, according to AFLP, were missed by DiversiLab. This results in a kappa for agreement of 0.985. In daily practice, a typing method has to be used in combination with epidemiological information. When this was done, DiversiLab was shown to be a reliable method for the typing of HR-GNR. This, in combination with the ease of use and the speed, makes DiversiLab an appropriate method for screening in routine clinical practice. When a cluster is suspected and the consequences of these findings are substantial, a confirmatory analysis should be performed.
Genetic Heterogeneity in Clinical Isolates of Leishmania donovani from India
Authors: Srivastava Pankaj , Singh Toolika , Sundar Shyam 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACT

Genetic diversity within 45 Indian
Leishmania donovani
isolates was analyzed using seven genetic markers. While kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) analysis revealed 15 genotypes, 8 genotypes were obtained by analysis of other markers. In contrast to earlier reports, our data suggest that significant genetic polymorphisms exist in
L. donovani
strains in Bihar, India. Our results confirm the presence of 2 zymodemes in India.
Rapid Multiplexed Immunoassay for Simultaneous Serodiagnosis of HIV-1 and Coinfections
Authors: Lochhead Michael J. , Todorof Kathryn , Delaney Marie , Ives Jeffrey T. , Greef Charles , Moll Kevin , Rowley Keagan , Vogel Kurt , Myatt Chris , Zhang Xing-Quan , Logan Cathy , Benson Constance , Reed Sharon , Schooley Robert T. 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTDiagnosis of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected individuals remains a major public health challenge, particularly in resource-limited settings. Here, we describe a rapid diagnostic system that delivers a panel of serologic immunoassay results using a single drop of blood, serum, or plasma. The system consists of disposable cartridges and a simple reader instrument, based on an innovative implementation of planar waveguide imaging technology. The cartridge incorporates a microarray of recombinant antigens and antibody controls in a fluidic channel, providing multiple parallel fluorescence immunoassay results for a single sample. This study demonstrates system performance by delivering antibody (Ab) reactivity results simultaneously for multiple antigens of HIV-1,Treponema pallidum(syphilis), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in a collection of clinical serum, plasma, and whole-blood samples. By plotting antibody reactivity (fluorescence intensity) for known positive and negative samples, empirical reactivity cutoff values were defined. The HIV-1 assay shows 100% agreement with known seroreactivity for a collection of 82 HIV Ab-positive and 142 HIV Ab-negative samples, including multiple samples with HCV and syphilis coinfection. The treponema-specific syphilis assay correctly identifies 67 of 68T. pallidumAb-positive and 100 of 102T. pallidumAb-negative samples, and the HCV assay correctly identifies 59 of 60 HCV Ab-positive and 120 of 121 HCV Ab-negative samples. Multiplexed assay performance for whole-blood samples is also demonstrated. The ability to diagnose HIV and opportunistic infections simultaneously at the point of care should lead to more effective therapy decisions and improved linkage to care.
Saksenaea erythrospora Infection following Combat Trauma
Authors: Hospenthal Duane R. , Chung Kevin K. , Lairet Kimberly , Thompson Elizabeth H. , Guarro Josep , Renz Evan M. , Sutton Deanna A. 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACT

Saksenaea erythrospora
is a newly described species of the order Mucorales which has not previously been reported as a cause of human infection. We report a fatal case of
S. erythrospora
invasive burn wound infection in a 26-year-old male injured during combat operations in Iraq.
Quantification of Clostridium difficile in Antibiotic-Associated-Diarrhea Patients
Authors: Naaber Paul , Štšepetova Jelena , Smidt Imbi , Rätsep Merle , Kõljalg Siiri , Lõivukene Krista , Jaanimäe Liis , Löhr Iren H. , Natås Olav B. , Truusalu Kai , Sepp Epp 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACT

Comparing culture- and non-culture-based methods for quantifying
Clostridium difficile
in antibiotic-associated-diarrhea patients, we found that the real-time PCR method correlated well with quantitative culture and was more sensitive. A positive association between the population levels of
C. difficile
and the presence of its toxins was found.
Fatal Outcome of Pandemic H1N1 2009 Influenza Virus Infection Is Associated with Immunopathology and Impaired Lung Repair, Not Enhanced Viral Burden, in Pregnant Mice
Authors: Marcelin Glendie , Aldridge Jerry R. , Duan Susu , Ghoneim Hazem E. , Rehg Jerold , Marjuki Henju , Boon Adrianus C. M. , McCullers Jonathan A. , Webby Richard J. 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACT

Pandemic A (H1N1) 2009 influenza virus (pH1N1) infection in pregnant women can be severe. The mechanisms that affect infection outcome in this population are not well understood. To address this, pregnant and nonpregnant BALB/c mice were inoculated with the wild-type pH1N1 strain A/California/04/09. To determine whether innate immune responses are associated with severe infection, we measured the innate cells trafficking into the lungs of pregnant versus nonpregnant animals. Increased infiltration of pulmonary neutrophils and macrophages strongly correlated with an elevated mortality in pregnant mice. In agreement with this, the product of nitric oxide (nitrite) and several cytokines associated with recruitment and/or function of these cells were increased in the lungs of pregnant animals. Surprisingly, increased mortality in pregnant mice was not associated with higher virus load because equivalent virus titers and immunohistochemical staining were observed in the nasal cavities or lungs of all mice. To determine whether exacerbated inflammatory responses and elevated cellularity resulted in lung injury, epithelial regeneration was measured. The lungs of pregnant mice exhibited reduced epithelial regeneration, suggesting impaired lung repair. Despite these immunologic alterations, pregnant animals demonstrated equivalent percentages of pulmonary influenza virus-specific CD8
+
T lymphocytes, although they displayed elevated levels of T-regulator lymphocytes (Tregs) in the lung. Also, pregnant mice mounted equal antibody titers in response to virus or immunization with a monovalent inactivated pH1N1 A/California/07/09 vaccine. Therefore, immunopathology likely caused by elevated cellular recruitment is an implicated mechanism of severe pH1N1 infection in pregnant mice.
Matrix Protein-Specific IgA Antibody Inhibits Measles Virus Replication by Intracellular Neutralization
Authors: Zhou Dihan , Zhang Yan , Li Qiaoli , Chen Yaoqing , He Benxia , Yang Jingyi , Tu Haobo , Lei Lei , Yan Huimin 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACT
Measles virus (MV) is still an imposing threat to public health. The matrix (M) protein has been shown not only to function as a structure block in the assembled MV virions, but also to regulate viral RNA synthesis, playing an important role in MV's replication and assembly. In the present study, we generated a panel of IgG monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against M protein and successfully obtained one IgA MAb (5H7) from the IgG panel. Employing the polarized Vero cells grown in the two-chamber transwell model, we investigated whether M-specific 5H7 IgA MAb could suppress MV's replication and assembly. The data presented indicate that, while failing to show the activities of traditional neutralization and immune exclusion, M-specific IgA MAb was able to effectively inhibit viral replication by intracellular neutralization (78%), supporting the notion that the M protein is important for MV assembly and replication and implying that the M protein was an effective target antigen. The data also showed that MV had a long entry and assembly phase during viral replication, providing an extended window for IgA intervention. The colocalization of M proteins and M-specific 5H7 IgA MAbs demonstrated that the intracellular neutralization was due to the direct binding of the M-specific 5H7 IgA MAbs to the M proteins. In summary, the present study has added another example showing that IgA antibodies targeting internal viral antigens could proactively participate in mucosal immune protection by intracellular neutralization and has provided evidence that M protein might be included as a target antigen in future MV vaccine design.
Coreplication of the Major Genotype Group Members of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 as a Prerequisite to Coevolution May Explain the Variable Disease Manifestations
Authors: Khaiseb Siegfried , Sydler Titus , Zimmermann Dieter , Pospischil Andreas , Sidler Xaver , Brugnera Enrico 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACT

A member of the family
Circoviridae
, porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), is associated with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), a recent emerging disease worldwide. PCV2 is also found in clinically asymptomatic animals. This paradoxical finding makes the syndrome etiology challenging. We developed new assays to study PCV2 with links to syndrome etiology. For analysis, we used PCV2-infected tissues from subclinically infected and diseased piglets. We compared antigen- and PCV2 DNA-derived signals for tissue localization and intensity. Oligonucleotides were designed to the signature motif of the PCV2 capsid open reading frame to discriminate experimentally between PCV2 genotype groups by PCR,
in situ
hybridization (ISH), and fluorescence
in situ
hybridization (FISH). Unexpectedly, all PCV2-infected animals carried both PCV2a and PCV2b genotype group members. Using confocal microscopy, genotype single-cell infections and cell superinfections were visible. Additionally, we discriminated replicative DNA from total PCV2 DNA isoforms with FISH. This aided in our inquiry into cellular genotype-specific replication. Importantly, single-genotype-group replication was not observed. In infected cells with replicating virus, both genotype groups were equally present. These findings suggest PCV2 genotype group members relaxed replication regulation requirements and may even point to PCV2 replication cooperativity
in vivo
. These observations explain the readily seen PCV2 DNA recombinations and the high overall PCV2 genome plasticity. Hence, we suggest a novel mechanism of syndrome etiology that consists of a continuously changing PCV2 genome pool in hosts and pig herds, posing a constant challenge to the individual maturing immune system.
trans
-Repression of Protein Expression Dependent on the Epstein-Barr Virus Promoter Wp during Latency
Authors: Hughes David J. , Dickerson Carol A. , Shaner Marie S. , Sample Clare E. , Sample Jeffery T. 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACT

An ordered silencing of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latency gene transcription is critical for establishment of persistent infection within B lymphocytes, yet the mechanisms responsible and the role that the virus itself may play are unclear. Here we describe two B-cell superinfection models with which to address these problems. In the first, Burkitt lymphoma (BL) cells that maintain latency I, when superinfected, initially supported transcription from the common
EBNA
promoters Wp and Cp (latency III) but ultimately transitioned to latency I (Cp/Wp silent), an essential requirement for establishment of EBV latency
in vivo
. We used this model to test whether the early lytic-cycle gene
BHLF1
, implicated in silencing of the Cp/Wp locus, is required to establish latency I. Upon superinfection with EBV deleted for the
BHLF1
locus, however, we have demonstrated that
BHLF1
is not essential for this aspect of EBV latency. In the second model, BL cells that maintain Wp-restricted latency, a variant program in which Cp is silent but Wp remains active, sustained the latency III program of transcription from the superinfecting-virus genomes, failing to transition to latency I. Importantly, there was substantial reduction in Wp-mediated protein expression from endogenous EBV genomes, in the absence of Cp reactivation, that could occur independent of a parallel decrease in mRNA. Thus, our data provide evidence of a novel, potentially posttranscriptional mechanism for
trans
-repression of Wp-dependent gene expression. We suggest that this may ensure against overexpression of the EBV nuclear antigens (EBNAs) prior to the transcriptional repression of Wp in
cis
that occurs upon activation of Cp.
Naturally Occurring Antibodies in Humans Can Neutralize a Variety of Influenza Virus Strains, Including H3, H1, H2, and H5
Authors: Ohshima Nobuko , Iba Yoshitaka , Kubota-Koketsu Ritsuko , Asano Yoshizo , Okuno Yoshinobu , Kurosawa Yoshikazu 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACT

Influenza A viruses are classified into 16 subtypes according to the serotypes of hemagglutinin (HA). It is generally thought that neutralizing antibodies (Abs) are not broadly cross-reactive among HA subtypes. We examined the repertoire of neutralizing Abs against influenza viruses in humans. B lymphocytes were collected from donors by apheresis, and Ab libraries were constructed by using phage-display technology. Anti-HA clones were isolated by screening with H3N2 viruses. Their binding activity was examined, and four kinds of Abs showing broad strain specificity were identified from one donor. Two of the Abs, F045-092 and F026-427, were extensively analyzed. They neutralized not only H3N2 but also H1N1, H2N2, and H5N1 viruses, although the activities were largely varied. Flow cytometry suggested that they have the ability to bind to HA and HA1 artificially expressed on the cell surface. They show hemagglutination inhibition activity and do not compete with C179, an Ab thought to bind to the stalk region. F045-092 competes with Abs that recognize sites A and B for binding to HA. Furthermore, the serine at residue 136 in site A could be a part of the epitope. Thus, it is likely that F045-092 and F026-427 bind to a conserved epitope in the head region formed by HA1. Interestingly, while the

V
H
1

-
69
gene can encode MAbs against the HA stem that are group 1 specific, F045-092 and its relatives that recognize the head region also use

V
H
1

-
69
. The possible epitope recognized by these clones is discussed.