bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secondary repair of an oblique facial cleft with an absorbable mesh tray and particulate cancellous bone and marrow
Authors: Sugiyama Madoka , Saijo Hideto , Kazuto Hoshi , Ohkubo Kazumi , Mori Yoshiyuki , Takato Tsuyoshi 
Published: April 2012

AbstractOblique facial cleft is an extremely rare disorder, accounting for only 0.24% of facial clefts. Even after initial surgery, depressions of the eyeball and facial surface are formed due to bone defects of the maxilla and orbital floor, and since performing bone reconstruction during infancy and early childhood is difficult, pronounced deformity tends to persist. We report our experience with using an absorbable mesh tray together with particulate cancellous bone and marrow for secondary repair by means of bone reconstruction in a 4‐year‐old girl, achieving good results at a young age.
Natural drinking strategies
Authors: Kim Wonjung , Bush John W. M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe examine the fluid mechanics of drinking in nature. We classify the drinking strategies of a broad range of creatures according to the principal forces involved, and present physical pictures for each style. Simple scaling arguments are developed and tested against existing data. While suction is the most common drinking strategy, various alternative styles have evolved among creatures whose morphological, physiological and environmental constraints preclude it. Particular attention is given to creatures small relative to the capillary length, whose drinking styles rely on relatively subtle interfacial effects. We also discuss attempts to rationalize various drinking strategies through consideration of constrained optimization problems. Some biomimetic applications are discussed.
Stratified wake of a tilted cylinder. Part 2. Lee internal waves
Authors: Meunier Patrice 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis experimental, numerical and theoretical study considers the lee internal waves generated by the wake of a circular cylinder, whose axis is tilted with respect to a stable density gradient. The main difference with the case of a horizontal cylinder is that the lee waves contain a large axial velocity, which are located in a row of lobes extending downstream from the cylinder. At small tilt angles, the wavelength is equal to $2\lrm{\pi} U/ N$, $U$ being the velocity of the cylinder and $N$ the Brunt–Väisälä frequency, which can be explained by the fact that the group velocity of the waves is small. The amplitude of the waves can be predicted using the Lighthill theory for dispersive waves applied to the case of a tilted bluff body. The flow around the cylinder is modelled empirically in order to reach a quantitative prediction in good agreement with the experimental and numerical results. The spatial structure of the predicted internal waves is qualitatively correct although some discrepancies arise because the advection by the flow around the cylinder is neglected.
Cuticular hydrocarbons discriminate cryptic Macrolophus species (Hemiptera: Miridae)
Authors: Gemeno C. , Laserna N. , Riba M. , Valls J. , Castañé C. , Alomar O. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractMacrolophus pygmaeus is commercially employed in the biological control of greenhouse and field vegetable pests. It is morphologically undistinguishable from the cryptic species M. melanotoma, and this interferes with the evaluation of the biological control activity of M. pygmaeus. We analysed the potential of cuticular hydrocarbon composition as a method to discriminate the two Macrolophus species. A third species, M. costalis, which is different from the other two species by having a dark spot at the tip of the scutellum, served as a control. Sex, diet and species, all had significant effects in the cuticular hydrocarbon profiles, but the variability associated to sex or diet was smaller than among species. Discriminant quadratic analysis of cuticular hydrocarbons confirmed the results of previous molecular genetic studies and showed, using cross-validation methods, that M. pygmaeus can be discriminated from M. costalis and M. melanotoma with prediction errors of 6.75% and 0%, respectively. Therefore, cuticular hydrocarbons can be used to separate M. pygmaeus from M. melanotoma reliably.
Diamagnetic drift instabilities in collisional non-uniform quantum dusty magnetoplasmas
Authors: JAMIL M. , UZMA CH. , ZUBIA K. , ZEBA I. , RAFIQUE H. M. , SALIMULLAH M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractDust-acoustic and dust-lower-hybrid diamagnetic drift wave instabilities have been examined in a collisional non-uniform quantum dusty magnetoplasma. The dust-acoustic drift instability arises through the Fermi degenerate pressure of electrons for a high-density plasma, while for a relatively low-density collisional quantum plasma and short wavelength consideration, the instability is dominated by the Bohm potential effect exciting a new quantum dust-acoustic wave. In the long-range wavelength limit, dust-lower-hybrid waves are found to be unstable because of the diamagnetic drift of magnetized ions. Various possible instability conditions are found for diamagnetic drift instability.
Measure-theoretic rigidity for Mumford curves
Authors: CORNELISSEN GUNTHER , KOOL JANNE 
Published: April 2012

AbstractOne can describe isomorphism of two compact hyperbolic Riemann surfaces of the same genus by a measure-theoretic property: a chosen isomorphism of their fundamental groups corresponds to a homeomorphism on the boundary of the Poincaré disc that is absolutely continuous for Lebesgue measure if and only if the surfaces are isomorphic. In this paper, we find the corresponding statement for Mumford curves, a non-Archimedean analogue of Riemann surfaces. In this case, the mere absolute continuity of the boundary map (for Schottky uniformization and the corresponding Patterson–Sullivan measure) only implies isomorphism of the special fibers of the Mumford curves, and the absolute continuity needs to be enhanced by a finite list of conditions on the harmonic measures on the boundary (certain non-Archimedean distributions constructed by Schneider and Teitelbaum) to guarantee an isomorphism of the Mumford curves. The proof combines a generalization of a rigidity theorem for trees due to Coornaert, the existence of a boundary map by a method of Floyd, with a classical theorem of Babbage, Enriques and Petri on equations for the canonical embedding of a curve.
Furstenberg’s structure theorem via CHART groups
Authors: MOORS WARREN B. , NAMIOKA ISAAC 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe give an almost self-contained group theoretic proof of Furstenberg’s structure theorem as generalized by Ellis: each minimal compact distal flow is the result of a transfinite sequence of equicontinuous extensions, and their limits, starting from a flow consisting of a singleton. The groups that we use are CHART groups, and their basic properties are recalled at the beginning of the paper.
Extensive bounds on the topological entropy of repellers in piecewise expanding coupled map lattices
Authors: COUTINHO RICARDO , FERNANDEZ BASTIEN 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBeyond the uncoupled regime, the rigorous description of the dynamics of (piecewise) expanding coupled map lattices remains largely incomplete. To address this issue, we study repellers of periodic chains of linearly coupled Lorenz-type maps which we analyze by means of symbolic dynamics. Whereas all symbolic codes are admissible for sufficiently small coupling intensity, when the interaction strength exceeds a chain length independent threshold, we prove that a large bunch of codes is pruned and an extensive decay follows suit for the topological entropy. This quantity, however, does not immediately drop off to 0. Instead, it is shown to be continuous at the threshold and to remain extensively bounded below by a positive number in a large part of the expanding regime. The analysis is firstly accomplished in a piecewise affine setting where all calculations are explicit and is then extended by continuation to coupled map lattices based on$C^1$-perturbations of the individual map.
Resilience as a dynamic concept
Authors: Rutter Michael 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe concept of resilience has as its starting point the recognition that there is huge heterogeneity in people's responses to all manner of environmental adversities. Resilience is an inference based on evidence that some individuals have a better outcome than others who have experienced a comparable level of adversity; moreover, the negative experience may have either a sensitizing effect or a strengthening “steeling” effect in relation to the response to later stress or adversity. After noting the crucial importance of first testing for the environmental mediation of risk through “natural experiments,” findings are reviewed on “steeling effects” in animal models and humans. Gene–environment interaction findings are considered, and it is noted that there is some evidence that the genetic influences concerns responsivity to all environments and not just bad ones. Life course effects are reviewed in relation to evidence on turning point effects associated with experiences that increase opportunities and enhance coping. Attention is drawn to both research implications and substantive findings as features that foster resilience.
Biologically flavored perspectives on Garmezian resilience
Authors: Hanson Daniel R. , Gottesman Irving I. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractNorman Garmezy devoted the better part of four decades developing and promoting the construct of resilience for developmental psychopathology. He proposed resilience as a paradigm to guide the understanding of how people can transcend adversity and go on to live healthy, productive lives. This tribute to Norman starts with a look at the early context for his work during his distinguished tenure in the Department of Psychology at the University of Minnesota. Resilience constructs are then compared from interdisciplinary perspectives across a variety of biological and physical sciences. All of these perspectives lead to similar conclusions: resilience is not a thing but a process. Furthermore, the processes are the product of energy-hungry systems. Finally, these insights are applied to difficult to modify maladaptive behaviors raising the question of a dark side to resilience.
Adapting to aging out: Profiles of risk and resilience among emancipated foster youth
Authors: Yates Tuppett M. , Grey Izabela K. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis investigation employed latent profile analysis to identify distinct patterns of multiform competence among 164 emancipated foster youth (Mage = 19.67 years, SD = 1.12; 64% female). Fit indices and conceptual interpretation converged on a four-profile solution. A subset of emancipated youth evidenced a maladaptive profile (16.5%; n = 27), which was characterized by low educational competence, low occupational competence, low civic engagement, problematic interpersonal relationships, low self-esteem, and high depressive symptoms. However, the largest group of emancipated youth exhibited a resilient profile in which they were faring reasonably well in all domains despite marked adversity (47%; n = 77). Two additional groups evidenced discordant adjustment patterns wherein they exhibited high levels of psychological competence despite behavioral difficulties (i.e., internally resilient; 30%; n = 49) or significant emotional difficulties despite manifest competence (i.e., externally resilient; 6.5%; n = 11). The obtained profiles were validated against independent measures of behavioral and socioemotional adjustment. Exploratory analyses examined etiological differences across profiles with respect to child welfare variables, such as age at entry into care, placement disruption, reason for placement, and severity of child maltreatment. The findings highlight the need for multidimensional models of risk and resilience and illustrate the importance of heretofore underappreciated heterogeneity in the adaptive outcomes of emancipated foster youth.
Resilience in the transition to adulthood
Authors: Burt Keith B. , Paysnick Amy A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe emerging adulthood years, commonly defined as the late teens and twenties, represent a period of significant variability and change for much of the population. Thus, it is important for the field to consider pathways of at-risk youth as they move through this key window of development. We review research on positive outcomes in the transition to adulthood following a history of experienced adversity, including both investigations focused on resilience in diverse specific populations as well as broader longitudinal studies. There is compelling evidence for major protective and promotive factors identified in younger age periods continuing to exert an influence at this stage of development, along with evidence for new factors unique to this developmental time and/or to specific populations. We conclude by noting recommendations for future work in this area, emphasizing Garmezy's call for the testing of competing models.
In their own words: The experience of mothering as a survivor of childhood sexual abuse
Authors: Wright Margaret O'Dougherty , Fopma-Loy Joan , Oberle Katherine 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis article reviews past research on the parenting characteristics of childhood sexual abuse survivors and presents the results of a qualitative study exploring the women's perspectives on mothering as a survivor. Grounded theory was used in the collection and analysis of the data. Data sources included the narrative responses of 79 women (mean age = 38.2 years) and in-depth interviews of a purposive sample of 15 women (mean age = 39 years). They had an average of 2.2 children, ranging in age from 5 months to young adulthood. The theoretical model identified through analysis of data using the constant comparison method was entitled “The Hard Work of Mothering as a Survivor.” Processes emerged that described the ways participants managed the work of mothering in light of memories of the abuse and attempts to heal from this earlier trauma. The conditions for committing to the work included becoming aware of and accepting the reality of the abuse and how it affected one's life, and taking on the hard work of developing a mothering self. This included expanding awareness, developing and evaluating a personal model of mothering, navigating typical and abuse salient parenting challenges, mothering through the pain of recovery, and battling for balance. The findings highlighted the dynamic, multifaceted nature of recovery and resilience for these mothers and the need for an increased focus on parenting in counseling with childhood sexual abuse survivors. Provision of anticipatory guidance regarding commonly experienced stressors at varying stages of the child's development and the mother's stage of recovery and methods for coping with these challenges, would benefit these mothers and promote parenting competence. Specific implications for psychotherapy and directions for future research are discussed.
Changes in adolescents' risk factors following peer sexual coercion: Evidence for a feedback loop
Authors: Young Brennan J. , Furman Wyndol , Jones Meredith C. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractInvestigators have identified a number of factors that increase the risk for experiencing sexual coercion, but as yet little is known about how sexual coercion in turn affects these risk factors. Using a sample of 110 adolescents, the current study examined the hypothesis that, after an incident of sexual coercion, adolescents would exhibit increases in several behaviors known to increase risk for victimization. As predicted, after experiencing sexual coercion, adolescents reported increased externalizing symptoms, more frequent sexual intercourse and a greater total number of intercourse partners. Finally, alcohol use, drug use, and problems related to substance use increased. These findings suggest the presence of a feedback loop, in which the experience of sexual coercion leads to an intensification of the factors that initially contributed risk for coercion.
Personality of parents with bipolar disorder and interpersonal functioning among their offspring: A prospective 10-year study
Authors: Ostiguy Caroline S. , Ellenbogen Mark A. , Hodgins Sheilagh 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA comparison of offspring of parents with bipolar disorder (OBD) and offspring of parents with no mental disorder (ONMD) showed that parents' neuroticism was associated with internalizing and externalizing problems among their children. The present study examined whether parents' neuroticism predicted poor interpersonal functioning among offspring 10 years later and whether the problems observed in middle childhood mediated the association between parents' neuroticism and offspring functioning. When offspring were in middle childhood, parents completed the revised NEO Personality Inventory and rated the child's behavior on the Child Behavior Checklist. Ten years later, 65 OBD and 59 ONMD completed interviews assessing mental disorders and interpersonal and noninterpersonal functioning. High neuroticism and low agreeableness in parents predicted poor interpersonal functioning in their offspring in late adolescence–early adulthood. The offspring's externalizing and internalizing problems in middle childhood partially mediated the association between parents' personality and offspring interpersonal functioning. Moreover, the association between parents' neuroticism and offspring internalizing problems was stronger among the OBD than the ONMD. Overall, the results suggested an intergenerational transmission of risk whereby high neuroticism and low agreeableness in parents were associated with behavioral problems among offspring in middle childhood that, in turn, predicted poor interpersonal functioning 10 years later.
Different genetic components control coat-imposed and embryo-imposeddormancy in wheat
Authors: Flintham John E. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWheat grain dormancy is a multigenic trait controlled both by R genes conferring red testa pigmentation and by other genes, at least one of which has a major effect in the embryo. Enhanced grain dormancy and red test colour are inherited as pleiotropic effects of dominant R alleles at triplicate loci in hexaploid wheat. However, polymorphism for R genes cannot account for the wide variation in dormancy observed among different redgrained varieties. A variety of different dominant R alleles all have equivalent effects on dormancy when introgressed into white-grained wheats, although the latter vary in dormancy both in the absence and in the presence of dominant R alleles. As a result, certain redgrained genotypes can exhibit intermediate dormancy, similar to that of some white-grained genotypes with different genetic backgrounds. A new major gene (Phs) was identified as controlling the difference between two red-grained cultivars with widely different dormancies. The Phs gene appeared to exert its effect in the embryo of the grain, in contrast to R gene expression in maternal testa tissue. Discrete genetic functions thus underlie physiologically distinct mechanisms of coatimposed dormancy and embryo-imposed dormancy in wheat
Medical Care at Mass Gatherings: Emergency Medical Services at Large-Scale Rave Events
Authors: Krul Jan , Sanou Björn , Swart Eleonara L , Girbes Armand R J 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjective: The objective of this study was to develop comprehensive guidelines for medical care during mass gatherings based on the experience of providing medical support during rave parties.Methods: Study design was a prospective, observational study of self-referred patients who reported to First Aid Stations (FASs) during Dutch rave parties. All users of medical care were registered on an existing standard questionnaire. Health problems were categorized as medical, trauma, psychological, or miscellaneous. Severity was assessed based on the Emergency Severity Index. Qualified nurses, paramedics, and doctors conducted the study after training in the use of the study questionnaire. Total number of visitors was reported by type of event.Results: During the 2006–2010 study period, 7,089 persons presented to FASs for medical aid during rave parties. Most of the problems (91.1%) were categorized as medical or trauma, and classified as mild. The most common medical complaints were general unwell-being, nausea, dizziness, and vomiting. Contusions, strains and sprains, wounds, lacerations, and blisters were the most common traumas. A small portion (2.4%) of the emergency aid was classified as moderate (professional medical care required), including two cases (0.03%) that were considered life-threatening. Hospital admission occurred in 2.2% of the patients. Fewer than half of all patients presenting for aid were transported by ambulance. More than a quarter of all cases (27.4%) were related to recreational drugs.Conclusions: During a five-year field research period at rave dance parties, most presentations on-site for medical evaluation were for mild conditions. A medical team of six healthcare workers for every 10,000 rave party visitors is recommended. On-site medical staff should consist primarily of first aid providers, along with nurses who have event-specific training on advanced life support, event-specific injuries and incidents, health education related to self-care deficits, interventions for psychological distress, infection control, and disaster medicine. Protocols should be available for treating common injuries and other minor medical problems, and for registration, triage, environmental surveillance and catastrophe management and response.
Association between body composition and conformity to the recommendations of Canada's Food Guide and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet in peri-adolescence
Authors: Hajna Samantha , Liu Jian , LeBlanc Paul J , Faught Brent E , Merchant Anwar T , Cairney John , Hay John 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjectiveThe role of following the recommendations of Canada's Food Guide (CFG) and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet on body composition in children is unknown. The present study assessed how conformity to the recommendations of these diets was associated with BMI, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist girth (WG), hip girth (HG) and risk of overweight in peri-adolescents.DesignCFG and DASH indices were derived from responses to a food questionnaire, with a higher index representing greater conformity to CFG and DASH diet recommendations. Body composition was assessed by trained research assistants.SettingSchools within the Niagara region (Ontario, Canada).SubjectsChildren (n 1570) aged 12·4 (sd 0·3) years.ResultsAfter adjustment for age to peak height velocity and total physical activity, a higher CFG index was associated with lower WHtR (b = −0·001, 95 % CI −0·002, −0·0004), WHR (b = −0·001, 95 % CI −0·002, −0·001) and WG (b = −0·18, 95 % CI −0·30, −0·07) in girls. No associations were observed in boys. In contrast, a higher DASH index was associated with decreased body composition measures in both genders. Specifically, the DASH index was negatively associated with BMI (girls: b = −0·07, 95 % CI −0·10, −0·04; boys: b = −0·05, 95 % CI −0·08, −0·02), WHtR (girls: b = −0·001, 95 % CI −0·002, −0·001; boys: b = −0·001, 95 % CI −0·002, −0·0004), WHR (girls: b = −0·001, 95 % CI −0·002, −0·001; boys: b = −0·001, 95 % CI −0·001, −0·00004), WG (girls: b = −0·24, 95 % CI −0·31, −0·16; boys: b = −0·15, 95 % CI −0·24, −0·07) and HG (girls: b = −0·15, 95 % CI −0·23, −0·07; boys: b = −0·12, 95 % CI −0·19, −0·04). A higher DASH index was also associated with lower odds of overweight in girls (OR = 0·70, 95 % CI 0·56, 0·87) and boys (OR = 0·76, 95 % CI 0·62, 0·93).ConclusionsThe DASH diet may prevent overweight in peri-adolescents.