bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rates of interlock screw back-out are high with the retrograde femoral nailing advanced system for distal femur fractures
Authors: Bhale Rahul , Campbell Sean T. , Fitzpatrick Ellen , Soles Gillian , Lee Mark , Saiz Augustine M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The retrograde femoral nailing advanced (RFNA) system (DePuy synthes) is a commonly used implant for the fixation of low distal femur and periprosthetic fractures. There is concern that the rate of distal interlock screw back-out may be higher for the RFNA compared to other nails (ON). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of interlock screw back-out and associated screw removal for RFNA versus ON, along with associated risk factors.

Methods
A retrospective comparative study of patients who underwent retrograde nailing for a distal femur fracture at an academic level one trauma center was performed. The incidence of distal interlock screw back-out and need for screw removal were compared for RFNA versus a propensity score matched cohort who received other nails.

Results
One hundred and ten patients underwent retrograde nailing with the RFNA for a distal femur fracture from 2015 to 2022 (average age: 66, BMI: 32, 52.7% smokers, 54.5% female, 61.8%). There was a significantly higher rate of interlock back-out in the RFNA group compared to the ON (27 patients, 24.5% vs 12 patients, 10.9%, p = 0.01), which occurred 6.3 weeks postoperatively. Screw removal rates for back-out were not significantly different for the RFNA group versus ON (8 patients, 7.3% vs 3 patients, 2.7%, p = 0.12).

Conclusion
In this retrospective comparative study of distal femur fractures treated with retrograde nailing, the RFNA implant was associated with an increased risk of distal interlock screw back-out compared to other nails.
Linking Post-fire Tree Density to Carbon Storage in High-Latitude Cajander Larch (Larix cajanderi) Forests of Far Northeastern Siberia
Authors: Alexander H. D. , Paulson A. K. , Loranty M. M. , Mack M. C. , Natali S. M. , Pena H. , Davydov S. , Spektor V. , Zimov N. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWith climate warming and drying, fire activity is increasing in Cajander larch (Larix cajanderi Mayr.) forests underlain by continuous permafrost in northeastern Siberia, and initial post-fire tree demographic processes could unfold to determine long-term forest carbon (C) dynamics through impacts on tree density. Here, we evaluated above- and belowground C pools across 25 even-aged larch stands of varying tree densities that established following a wildfire in ~ 1940 near Cherskiy, Russia. Total C pools increased with increased larch tree density, from ~ 9,000 g C m−2 in low-density stands to ~ 11,000 g C m−2 in high and very high-density stands, with increases most pronounced at tree densities < 1 stem m−2 and driven by increased above- and belowground (that is, coarse roots) and live and dead (that is, woody debris and snags) larch biomass. Total understory vegetation and non-larch coarse root C pools declined with increased tree density due to decreased shrub C pools, but these pools were relatively small compared to larch biomass. Fine root, soil organic matter (OM), and near surface (0–30 cm) mineral soil (MS) C pools varied little with tree density, although soil C pools held most (18–28% in OM and 44–51% in MS) C stored in these stands. Thus, if changing fire regimes promote denser stands, C storage will likely increase, but whether this increase offsets C lost during fires remains unknown. Our findings highlight how post-fire tree demographic processes impact C pool distribution and stability in larch forests of Siberian permafrost regions.
Janus kinase inhibitor overcomes resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment in peritoneal dissemination of gastric cancer in C57BL/6 J mice
Authors: Du Wan-Ying , Masuda Hiroki , Nagaoka Koji , Yasuda Tomohiko , Kuge Komei , Seto Yasuyuki , Kakimi Kazuhiro , Nomura Sachiyo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Cancer immunotherapy aims to unleash the immune system’s potential against cancer cells, providing sustained relief for tumors responsive to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). While promising in gastric cancer (GC) trials, the efficacy of ICIs diminishes in the context of peritoneal dissemination. Our objective is to identify strategies to enhance the impact of ICI treatment specifically for cases involving peritoneal dissemination in GC.

Methods
The therapeutic efficacy of anti-PD1, CTLA4 treatment alone, or in combination was assessed using the YTN16 peritoneal dissemination tumor model. Peritoneum and peritoneal exudate cells were collected for subsequent analysis. Immunohistochemical staining, flow cytometry, and bulk RNA-sequence analyses were conducted to evaluate the tumor microenvironment (TME). A Janus kinase inhibitor (JAKi) was introduced based on the pathway analysis results.

Results
Anti-PD1 and anti-CTLA4 combination treatment (dual ICI treatment) demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in certain mice, primarily mediated by CD8 + T cells. However, in mice resistant to dual ICI treatment, even with CD8 + T cell infiltration, most of the T cells exhibited an exhaustion phenotype. Notably, resistant tumors displayed abnormal activation of the Janus Kinase-Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway compared to the untreated group, with observed infiltration of macrophages, neutrophils, and Tregs in the TME. The concurrent administration of JAKi rescued CD8 + T cells function and reshaped the immunosuppressive TME, resulting in enhanced efficacy of the dual ICI treatment.

Conclusion
Dual ICI treatment exerts its anti-tumor effects by increasing tumor-specific CD8 + T cell infiltration, and the addition of JAKi further improves ICI resistance by reshaping the immunosuppressive TME.
Modular language product lines: concept, tool and analysis
Authors: de Lara Juan , Guerra Esther , Bottoni Paolo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractModelling languages are intensively used in paradigms like model-driven engineering to automate all tasks of the development process. These languages may have variants, in which case the need arises to deal with language families rather than with individual languages. However, specifying the syntax and semantics of each language variant separately in an enumerative way is costly, hinders reuse across variants, and may yield inconsistent semantics between variants. Hence, we propose a novel, modular and compositional approach to describing product lines of modelling languages. It enables the incremental definition of language families by means of modules comprising meta-model fragments, graph transformation rules, and rule extensions. Language variants are configured by selecting the desired modules, which entails the composition of a language meta-model and a set of rules defining its semantics. This paper describes: a theory for checking well-formedness, instantiability, and consistent semantics of all languages within the family; an implementation as an Eclipse plugin; and an evaluation reporting drastic specification size and analysis time reduction in comparison to an enumerative approach.
‘The Discipline of Steel’: Technical Knowledge in the Coordinative Practices of Steelmaking
Authors: Schmidt Kjeld 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This is a study of the cooperative work of making steel in a contemporary steel plant. The study is, first of all, a study of the coordinative practices of a cooperative ensemble of operators controlling a time-critical transformation process, while spatially dispersed at different work stations across the plant, working under quite different and varying local constraints and requirements, with only rudimentary means of ongoing communication. Their individual and local contributions to the overall effort must be minutely synchronized to meet the strict temporal requirements of the operation as a whole. These challenges notwithstanding, the operators manage to act concertedly to produce quality steel and to do so routinely. The question is, how do they manage to do that? As the workers in the setting generally are not able to coordinate their cooperative effort discursively, it is analytically both feasible and necessary to foreground and identify the knowledge of metallurgy of steel and of the plant that enables them, as they go about their own local activities, to apprehend the problems and intentions of their colleagues as reflected in the changing state of the technical processes. The underlying thesis of the study is that in order to answer the general question of how workers engaged in cooperative work are able to heed the activities of their colleagues, and to do so routinely, we are well advised to ‘take the concept of practice seriously’.
A Novel Experimental Approach to Identifying the Cognitive Mechanisms Underlying Loneliness
Authors: Zagic Dino , Rapee Ronald M. , Wuthrich Viviana M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Current models of loneliness emphasise the role of maladaptive cognitions in causing and/or maintaining loneliness. However, standardised paradigms to experimentally examine the role of maladaptive cognition in loneliness are lacking, making it difficult to establish causality. This paper tested a mock online chat paradigm designed to induce changes in negative affect (loneliness, depression, and anxiety), and strength of belief in lonely thoughts, by manipulating comparative and normative fit.

Methods
Participants (N = 59) were randomised into either the loneliness arm (i.e., loneliness induction chat followed by a social connectedness induction chat), or the social connectedness arm (i.e., two separate social connectedness induction chats), and subsequently completed outcome measures.

Results
The experimental paradigm significantly and specifically increased lonely affect; however, this was associated with non-significant changes in strength of belief in lonely thoughts. The social connectedness induction chat led to significant reductions in broad negative affect for both groups, with these effects accruing across chats for participants in the social connectedness arm.

Conclusion
Experimentally manipulating comparative and normative fit to either emphasise differences or similarities between an individual and group members is an effective paradigm for increasing lonely affect or decreasing general negative affect, respectively.
Pedagogical and communicative resilience before industry 4.0 in higher education in translation and interpreting in the twenty-first century
Authors: García-Santiago Lola , Díaz-Millón Mar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIndustry 4.0 technological resources are tools used in everyday lives. In Higher Education, instructors need to recognize the value of these information and communication tools (ICTs) and integrate them to support teaching in any field of knowledge. In this study, the evolution of the use of technological resources in Translation & Interpreting education has been analyzed through a diachronic analysis. Taking as an example the innovative teaching macro-project Aula.Int (University of Granada), we have studied some of the most relevant technological resources that have been used to support translation training since the beginning of the twenty-first century. The ACOT model was used to determine the degree of appropriation of each information and communication resource. The results show that translation educators have proven to be resilient to the rapid emergence of technological resources, which, in many cases, have been continuously implemented to support teaching.
The effect of aerogel glazing on daylight and heat gain in school buildings in hot and dry climate
Authors: Mohamed Abdelaziz Farouk , Amir Amira Ahmed , Ragab Ayman 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNanomaterial technology involves the fabrication and manipulation of materials at the nanoscale, which can result in novel properties and applications. Aerogel is a nanomaterial that has remarkable properties such as high thermal resistance and optical clarity. These features make it a suitable material for glazing windows in school buildings located in hot and arid regions, where daylighting and thermal performance are important design criteria. This study aims to evaluate the performance of aerogel-glazed windows in classrooms with different orientations and compare them with conventional windows. The study uses Design-Builder software to simulate the daylighting and thermal performance of the classrooms with aerogel-glazed windows in different orientations. The findings show that aerogel glazing on the northern and southern façades reduces heat gain from windows by 7.46 and 26.88%, respectively. East and west orientations should be avoided due to extreme solar heat gain through exterior windows. Investigated glazing systems meet the LEED V4 spatial daytime autonomy (sDA) standards for regularly occupied floor areas, with an acceptable sDA of  ≥ 55% for all building orientations. The northern façade exhibited the most favorable results, preserving nearly 69.52% of spatial daylight autonomy and an average daylight factor of 2.65%. The northern orientation also had the highest useful daylight illuminance of 89.6%. Aerogel glazing is an effective building insulation technology that balances classroom window-specific heat gain with daylight in hot dry locations.
Electronic nose based on Pd- and Pt-incorporated ZnO nanowires: a case study
Authors: Sinju K. R. , Khan Nida , Debnath Anil K. , Ramgir Niranjan S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEffect of incorporation of sensitizers namely palladium (Pd) and platinum (Pt) on the gas-sensing behaviour of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires has been studied. The specificity achieved is further studied and demonstrated for its efficacy towards the simultaneous detection of multiple gases employing the developed sensors in an electronic nose configuration. Incorporation of salt solutions containing the desired sensitizer concentration in the starting reaction mixture of hydrothermal growth has been effectively used to achieve heterostructure ZnO nanowires. Pd and Pt gets incorporated as PdO and metallic Pt, in the host matrix resulting in the formation of random heterojunctions namely p–n junction and Schottky junctions. Consequently, an increase in the work function as studied using Kelvin probe studies is observed. Utilizing statistical implements namely principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) the discrimination of three gases namely H2, H2S and NO2 has been successfully accomplished. 3D PCA discriminates the three gases successfully with first three components exhibiting a percentage of variance of 42.32, 33.26 and 24.20%, respectively. A reasonable discrimination of H2, H2S and NO2, grouped into three clusters as evident from HCA dendrograms, was achieved using utilizing Ward’s method and Euclidian distance metric approach.
Sample-Adaptive Classification Inference Network
Authors: Yang Juan , Zhou Guanghong , Wang Ronggui , Xue Lixia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractExisting pre-trained models have yielded promising results in terms of computational time reduction. However, these models only focus on pruning simple sentences or less salient words, while neglecting the treatment of relatively complex sentences. It is frequently these sentences that cause the loss of model accuracy. This shows that the adaptation of the existing models is one-sided. To address this issue, in this paper, we propose a sample-adaptive training and inference model. Specifically, complex samples are extracted from the training datasets and a dedicated data augmentation module is trained to extract global and local semantic information of complex samples. During inference, simple samples can exit the model via the Sample Adaptive Exit Mechanism, Normal samples pass through the whole backbone model before inference, while complex samples are processed by the Characteristic Enhancement Module after passing through the backbone model. In this way, all samples are processed adaptively. Our extensive experiments on classification tasks datasets in the field of Natural Language Processing demonstrate that our method enhances model accuracy and reduces model inference time for multiple datasets. Moreover, our method is transferable and can be applied to multiple pre-trained models.
Bifurcation analysis of a two infection SIR-SIR epidemic model with temporary immunity and disease enhancement
Authors: Aguiar M. , Steindorf V. , Srivastav A. K. , Stollenwerk N. , Kooi B. W. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this paper we study a two infection SIR-SIR compartmental model, considering biological features described in dengue fever epidemiology. Due to a progressive loss of protective antibodies there is waning immunity in the first infection stage and disease enhancement or protection effects by the second infection stage. Bifurcation analysis reveals two codim-2 bifurcations as organizing centers. The unfolding of a cusp bifurcation describes the transition of the disease-free equilibrium into an endemic equilibrium by varying a parameter. These equilibria allow an analytical solution with explicit expressions which allow for a full geometrical interpretation of the occurring bifurcations related to stationary dynamics. A Bogdanov-Takens point is the starting point in the parameter space where oscillatory endemic dynamics occurs including a homoclinic connection. These findings bring additional insights on biological mechanisms able to generate rich and complicated dynamical behavior in simple epidemic models that are, so far, largely unexplored.
On effective irrationality exponents of cubic irrationals
Authors: Badziahin Dzmitry 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe provide an upper bound for the effective irrationality exponents of cubic algebraics x with the minimal polynomial $$x^3 - tx^2 - a$$

x
3

-
t

x
2

-
a

. In particular, we show that it becomes non-trivial, i.e. better than the classical bound of Liouville, in the case $$|t| > 19.71 a^{4/3}$$

|
t
|
>
19.71

a

4
/
3

. Moreover, under the condition $$|t| > 86.58 a^{4/3}$$

|
t
|
>
86.58

a

4
/
3

, we provide an explicit lower bound for the expression ||qx|| for all large $$q\in \mathbb {Z}$$

q
∈
Z

. These results are based on the recently discovered continued fractions of cubic irrationals and improve the currently best-known bounds of Wakabayashi.
Research funding in the Middle East and North Africa: analyses of acknowledgments in scientific publications indexed in the Web of Science (2008–2021)
Authors: El-Ouahi Jamal 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFunding acknowledgments are important objects of study in the context of science funding. This study uses a mixed-methods approach to analyze the funding acknowledgments found in 2.3 million scientific publications published between 2008 and 2021 by authors affiliated with research institutions in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). The aim is to identify the major funders, assess their contribution to national scientific publications, and gain insights into the funding mechanism in relation to collaboration and publication. Publication data from the Web of Science is examined to provide key insights about funding activities. Saudi Arabia and Qatar lead the region, as about half of their publications include acknowledgments to funding sources. Most MENA countries exhibit strong linkages with foreign agencies, mainly due to a high level of international collaboration. The distinction between domestic and international publications reveals some differences in terms of funding structures. For instance, Turkey and Iran are dominated by one or two major funders whereas a few other countries like Saudi Arabia showcase multiple funders. Iran and Kuwait are examples of countries where research is mainly funded by domestic funders. The government and academic sectors mainly fund scientific research in MENA whereas the industry sector plays little or no role in terms of research funding. Lastly, the qualitative analyses provide more context into the complex funding mechanism. The findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of the funding structure in MENA countries and provide insights to funders and research managers to evaluate the funding landscape.
Valorization of Furfural to Obtain High Value-Added Products with ZrO2- and Al2O3-Pillared Clays
Authors: Sih Salima Es , Franco-Duro Francisco , García-Sancho Cristina , García-Mateos Francisco José , Rosas Juana María , Moreno-Tost Ramón , Maireles-Torres Pedro , Cecilia Juan Antonio 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Two phyllosilicates (montmorillonite and saponite) have been selected as starting materials to synthesize ZrO2- and Al2O3-pillared clays by the insertion of polyoxocations and subsequent calcination. These pillared clays display higher surface area, porosity and available acid sites in comparison to their respective raw clays. These samples were tested in the one-pot process to transform furfural into obtain valuable products. The incorporation of ZrO2 allows to reach the highest furfural conversion values, with high yields towards furfuryl alcohol (FOL) at shorter reaction times, whereas the formation of i-propyl furfuryl ether (iPFE) is favored at longer times, attaining iPFE yields of about 50% after 24 h at 170 ºC, using isopropanol as sacrificing alcohol.
Activating Co-production of Rural Service Delivery: Examining the Role of Nonprofit Organizations Using a Case Study in China
Authors: Liu Lu , Liu Chuang , Wang Yahua 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAlthough co-production between the government and society can improve service outcomes, the two parties may lack the willingness and the capacity to cooperate. Can nonprofit organizations play an active role in facilitating government–citizen co-production? If so, how? The role of nonprofits in social services co-production has received increasing attention, but studies on developing countries are limited. Therefore, this study conducts an in-depth case study of a rural social work institute in Z village, Beijing, China. Using on-site observations, semi-structured interviews, and secondhand materials, we found that social workers adopted four strategies to engage community officials and rural residents in service co-production. They established trustworthy relationships, facilitated effective communication, fostered shared motivation, and built co-productive capacity. The results showed that nonprofit organizations use third-party roles and professional skills to shape government-citizen interactions through service co-production. These findings can improve rural service provision in developing countries.