bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Central Neuropathic Pain: An Unusual Case of Painful Ejaculation Responding to Topiramate
Authors: Calabrò Rocco Salvatore , Marra Angela , Quattrini Fabrizio , Gervasi Giuseppe , Levita Antonino , Bramanti Placido 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Painful ejaculation (PE) is an uncommon condition and it is usually associated with prostatitis, chronic pelvic pain syndrome, benign prostatic hyperplasia, ejaculatory duct obstruction, radical prostatectomy, and prostate radiation. Topiramate (TPM) is a new antiepileptic drug with recognized efficacy in neuropathic pain.

Aim
The study is aimed to evaluate TPM efficacy in ejaculation pain.

Methods
Following a spinal cord injury, a 53-year-old man was referred to our institute for persistent PE. Neurological examination showed mild hypoesthesia of the genital area. Urogenital examination, neurophysiological tools, and computed tomography of the dorso-lumbar spine were normal.

Main Outcome Measures
The main outcome measure was the visual analogue scale.

Results
Since pain was refractory to conventional neuropathic pharmacological therapies, TPM was introduced up to 150 mg daily with a dramatic improvement of PE.

Conclusion
TPM may be considered as a valid therapeutic option for the treatment of PE.
Udenafil Enhances the Recovery of Erectile Function and Ameliorates the Pathophysiological Consequences of Cavernous Nerve Resection
Authors: Lee Chan-Ho , Shin Jee-Hyun , Ahn Gook-Jun , Kang Kyung-Koo , Ahn Byoung-Ok , Yoo Moohi 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTIntroductionRadical prostatectomy is the treatment of choice for prostate cancer patients. Despite the introduction of nerve-sparing surgical techniques, its success is not entirely guaranteed and the majority of patients report compromised erectile function following surgical procedures.AimThis study was performed to investigate the effect of repeated dosing of udenafil, a novel phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, on penile hypoxia and fibrosis induced by bilateral cavernous nerve resection (BCNR) in rats.MethodsThirty male Sprague-Dawley rats (300–320 g) were used in this study. The animals were divided into three groups; group I consisted of sham-operated animals (N=10), animals in group II underwent BCNR alone (N=10), and animals in group III were orally treated with 10 mg/kg udenafil b.i.d. for 8 weeks following BCNR (N=10).Main Outcome MeasuresThe expression of transforming growth factor-β1, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, neuronal nitric oxide synthase, and endothelin B receptor in penile tissue was examined at gene level. Additionally, erectile function, measured by intracavernous pressure (ICP), and pathological changes in the corpus cavernosum were examined.ResultsWhile fibrosis, apoptosis, and the expression of TGF-β1, HIF-1α, and ETB were significantly increased, and the expression of eNOS and nNOS were significantly decreased in group II, compared with the sham-operated animals, repeated dosing of udenafil significantly ameliorated these changes. Erectile function was profoundly impaired in animals that underwent BCNR alone, and udenafil treatment significantly attenuated this impairment as measured by ICP.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that long-term administration of udenafil ameliorates penile hypoxia and fibrosis induced by cavernous nerve resection. This study also suggests the potential beneficial role of repeated dosing of udenafil in the recovery of erectile function in patients with neuronal erectile dysfunction.
A discrepancy between serological and molecular typing results led to identification of a novel HLA‐B*57 allele: HLA‐B*5728N
Authors: Cosentini E. , Frison S. , Longhi E. , Mantovani M. , Luongo V. , Ciardiello G. , Bruno P. , Poli F. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryHere, we describe the characterisation of a new allelic variant of HLA‐B*57. The novel allele, HLA‐B*5728N, was identified with sequence‐based typing in a Caucasoid family. HLA‐B*5728N, differs from HLA‐B*5701 because of a nucleotide substitution at position 420 (C‐>G) resulting in a coding change from Tyrosine to a stop codon.
Estimating Orangutan Densities Using the Standing Crop and Marked Nest Count Methods: Lessons Learned for Conservation
Authors: Spehar Stephanie N. , Mathewson Paul D. , Nuzuar  , Wich Serge A. , Marshall Andrew J. , Kühl Hjalmar , Nardiyono  , Meijaard Erik 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTReliable estimates of great ape abundance are needed to assess distribution, monitor population status, evaluate conservation tactics, and identify priority populations for conservation. Rather than using direct counts, surveyors often count ape nests. The standing crop nest count (SCNC) method converts the standing stock of nests into animal densities using a set of parameters, including nest decay rate. Nest decay rates vary greatly over space and time, and it takes months to calculate a site‐specific value. The marked nest count (MNC) method circumvents this issue and only counts new nests produced during a defined period. We compared orangutan densities calculated by the two methods using data from studies in Sumatra and Kalimantan, Indonesia. We show how animal densities calculated using nest counts should be cautiously interpreted when used to make decisions about management or budget allocation. Even with site‐specific decay rates, short studies using the SCNC method may not accurately reflect the current population unless conducted at a scale sufficient to include wide‐ranging orangutan movement. Density estimates from short studies using the MNC method were affected by small sample sizes and by orangutan movement. To produce reliable results, the MNC method may require a similar amount of effort as the SCNC method. We suggest a reduced reliance on the traditional line transect surveys in favor of feasible alternative methods when absolute abundance numbers are not necessary or when site‐specific nest decay rates are not known. Given funding constraints, aerial surveys, reconnaissance walks, and interview techniques may be more cost‐effective means of accomplishing some survey goals.
Rain Forest Conservation in a Tribal World: Why Forest Dwellers Prefer Loggers to Conservationists
Authors: Novotny Vojtech 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTIn Papua New Guinea, the fate of forests is governed by forest‐dwelling tribal societies. A rapidly increasing pace of logging compels us to ask why tribal communities prefer logging to conservation. In the absence of feasible development opportunities, remote communities become quickly enthusiastic about conservation projects, but once an area is opened up to logging few such projects survive. Direct payments to forest owners to cover the costs of missed opportunities for economic development are advocated here to make conservation competitive. A conservation royalty scheme would deliver a higher proportion of the conservation funds to the resource owners than the management‐intensive community development projects currently favored. Such an approach requires a profound cultural change within conservation organizations from a ‘development aid’ approach to one more oriented toward business.
Biodiversity Mapping: The ‘John Gould’ Component of Tropical Biology
Authors: Longino John T. 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTOne can take a pessimistic or optimistic view of the future of tropical biodiversity and still find a strong rational for detailed ‘biodiversity mapping’. The maps should be detailed descriptions of species and their geographic ranges, based on real specimens in research collections, and all linked to extensive electronic resources. Support is needed for the makers of the biodiversity map, who are at the nexus of systematics and ecology. Biodiversity mapping should be accompanied by taxon‐specific short courses that introduce students to specimen preparation and basic identification skills, fostering strong interactions among ecologists and systematists.
The Interactions among DWARF10, Auxin and Cytokinin Underlie Lateral Bud Outgrowth in Rice
Authors: Zhang Shuying , Li Gang , Fang Jun , Chen Weiqi , Jiang Haipai , Zou Junhuang , Liu Xue , Zhao Xianfeng , Li Xiaobing , Chu Chengcai , Xie Qi , Jiang Xiangning , Zhu Lihuang 
Published: May 2010

Abstract Previous studies have shown that DWARF10 (D10) is a rice ortholog of MAX4/RMS1/DAD1, encoding a carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase and functioning in strigolactones/strigolactone‐derivatives (SL) biosynthesis. Here we use D10‐ RNA interference (RNAi) transgenic plants similar to d10 mutant in phenotypes to investigate the interactions among D10, auxin and cytokinin in regulating rice shoot branching. Auxin levels in node 1 of both decapitated D10‐RNAi and wild type plants decreased significantly, showing that decapitation does reduce endogenous auxin concentration, but decapitation has no clear effects on auxin levels in node 2 of the same plants. This implies that node 1 may be the location where a possible interaction between auxin and D10 gene would be detected. D10 expression in node 1 is inhibited by decapitation, and this inhibition can be restored by exogenous auxin application, indicating that D10 may play an important role in auxin regulation of SL. The decreased expression of most OsPINs in shoot nodes of D10‐RNAi plants may cause a reduced auxin transport capacity. Furthermore, effects of auxin treatment of decapitated plants on the expression of cytokinin biosynthetic genes suggest that D10 promotes cytokinin biosynthesis by reducing auxin levels. Besides, in D10‐RNAi plants, decreased storage cytokinin levels in the shoot node may partly account for the increased active cytokinin contents, resulting in more tillering phenotypes.
Cosmic rays from pulsars and magnetars
Authors: Heyl Jeremy S. , Gill Ramandeep , Hernquist Lars 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
We compare the expected abundance of cosmic ray electrons and positrons from pulsars and magnetars. We assume that the distribution of infant pulsars and magnetars follows that of high-mass stars in the Milky Way and that the production rate of cosmic rays is proportional to the spin-down and magnetic-decay power of pulsars and magnetars, respectively. In combination with primary and secondary cosmic ray leptons from other sources (especially supernova remnants), we find that both magnetars and pulsars can easily account for the observed cosmic ray spectrum, in particular the dip seen by HESS (High-Energy Stereoscopic System) at several TeV and the increase in positron fraction found by PAMELA (Payload for Antimatter Exploration and Light Nuclei Astrophysics).
PUBLIC PERCEPTIONS OF FOOD RECALLS AND PRODUCTION SAFETY: TWO SURVEYS OF THE AMERICAN PUBLIC
Authors: STEELFISHER GILLIAN , WELDON KATHLEEN , BENSON JOHN M. , BLENDON ROBERT J. 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACT This study uses two national telephone surveys to assess the American public's response to major food recalls, including the 2009 peanut product recall and recalls in 2006–2008, such as spinach and ground beef. Many Americans are alerted to major food recalls (55–93%), but there are important gaps in their understanding of which foods are included in multiproduct recalls. A quarter of Americans (27%) believe that they did not have enough information to protect themselves and their families in the latest peanut product recall, although few (18%) sought out information. Nearly all Americans believe that food produced domestically is safe (96%), but many have little confidence in the food safety infrastructure. Furthermore, many believe that imported foods, particularly from China or Mexico, are not safe (56%; 47%). In general, racial/ethnic minorities are less likely to have information about recalls and less likely than White people to have confidence in the food safety infrastructure. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe findings of these two surveys suggest important improvements for future communication efforts concerning major food recalls. Future communications should focus more on providing actionable information about what products are included in a recall and how to identify them on store and kitchen shelves. The American public may also benefit from information provided through channels that do not require any extra effort on their part, like television and radio. Explicit encouragement to let friends and family know about recalls may also help get the message out. Communications efforts may need to restore public confidence in our food safety systems in order to ensure greater compliance to messages delivered at the time of an outbreak. Finally, it will be important to reach out actively to racial and ethnic minorities, particularly African‐Americans (AA), with effective information about recalls and foodborne illness.
THE EFFECT OF LACTOBACILLUS SAKEI ON THE BEHAVIOR OF LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES ON SLICED BOLOGNA‐TYPE SAUSAGES
Authors: KABAN GÜZIN , KAYA MÜKERREM , LÜCKE FRIEDRICH‐KARL 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to determine the effects of Lactobacillus sakei Lb 706 (bacteriocin positive) and L. sakei Lb 706‐B (bacteriocin negative) on the growth of Listeria monocytogenes on sliced bologna‐type sausage under vacuum or modified‐atmosphere packaging (MAP) (50%CO2/50%N2) stored at 4C up to 6 weeks. L. monocytogenes multiplied on bologna slices under vacuum or modified atmosphere by approximately 3 log cfu/g at the end of storage. However, in samples under MAP with or without L. sakei, the number of L. monocytogenes during the storage remained generally at the inoculated level. In vacuum‐packaged samples containing L. sakei Lb 706‐B, the number of L. monocytogenes increased 1 log cfu/g after 3 weeks, while the pathogen did not grow in the samples with L. sakei Lb 706. The pH value of samples with L. sakei did not drop below 5.5. The results indicate that CO2 (in modified atmosphere) and the use of L. sakei (Bacteriocin negative or positive) have a synergistic inhibitory effect on the growth of L. monocytogenes in sliced beef bologna‐type sausages.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONPost‐processing contamination in cooked meat products with Listeria monocytogenes became a major concern for the meat processing industry and an important food safety issue. This study was to investigate the effects of Lactobacillus sakei Lb 706 and its bacteriocin negative variant on the behavior of L. monocytogenes, as a post‐process contaminant, in sliced beef bologna‐type sausage under vacuum or modified atmosphere (50%CO2/50%N2).
GLP‐1 playing the role of a gut regulatory compound
Authors: Hellström P. M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractGastric emptying is the first step in the metabolic endocrine cascade that takes place after food intake. The incretin hormones originating in the gut, particularly GLP‐1, exert multiple antihyperglycaemic actions such as enhancement of glucose‐dependent insulin secretion, suppression of glucagon secretion, slowing of gastric emptying with an ensuing decrease in food intake and weight loss. From extensive studies in experimental animals and humans we have found that GLP‐1 also exerts a motility‐inhibiting and antispasmodic effect in the gut that was verified in healthy volunteers and patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). In order to further investigate the effect of GLP‐1 in humans, we used the dipeptidyl peptidase‐IV resistant GLP‐1 analogue ROSE‐010, thereby extending its biological activity. A randomized, double‐blinded, prospective clinical trial was carried out in order to investigate the effect of two doses of ROSE‐010 in 166 patients suffering from pain attacks of IBS. We found that injections of ROSE‐010 were twice as effective as placebo in terms of total pain relief response in those affected by pain attacks due to IBS. Our results show that basal physiological research studies can be translated into clinical use. The current pharmaceutical incentive with incretin mimetics, such as GLP‐1 analogues and exenatide, is an interesting development that apart from its obvious use in diabetes type 2, may also be useful in terms of gut motility‐regulating effects with effects on appetite, food intake and motility disorders that may provide an opportunity to bring about new improvements in medical care.
Patterns of seasonal occurrence, distribution, and site fidelity of coastal bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in southern New Jersey, U.S.A.
Authors: Toth Jacalyn L. , Hohn Aleta A. , Able Kenneth W. , Gorgone Antoinette M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractCoastal bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) form a mosaic of resident and seasonal migratory populations along the United States Atlantic seaboard. Seasonal, poorly known migrants (identified as a separate stock) move as far north as New Jersey. During 2003–2005, 73 boat‐based photo‐identification surveys were conducted in southern New Jersey to discern seasonal occurrence, distribution, and patterns of movement and site fidelity. Neonates, young‐of‐year, and adults occurred in the study area from late May through late September, corresponding to water temperatures of 14.0–16.3°C. Of 205 individuals identified, 44% (n= 90) were sighted multiple times within or among years, including 10% (n= 20) of individuals identified in all 3 yr. Almost half (47%) of the multiple sightings were observed along a core area encompassed by the southern part of the Jacques Cousteau National Estuarine Research Reserve. In contrast to stocks studied in southern coastal areas of the U.S. Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico, estuaries were used significantly less than open‐beach habitat, which is consistent with the relative prey abundance in these habitats. Research at additional sites will help confirm whether bottlenose dolphins at the northern end of their migratory range exhibit local site fidelity and habitat preferences similar to those found in this study.
Effects of Continuous and Interval Training Programs in the Management of Hypertension: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lamina Sikiru 
Published: May 2010

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The purpose of the present study was to determine and compare the effect of interval and continuous training programs in the management of hypertension. Three hundred fifty‐seven male patients with essential hypertension were age matched and grouped into interval, continuous, and control groups. The interval (n=140; 58.90±7.35 years) and continuous (n=112; 58.63±7.22 years) groups were involved in 8 weeks of interval (60%–79% maximum heart rate) and continuous (60%–79% maximum heart rate) programs of between 45 to 60 minutes, while the control group (n=105; 58.27±6.24 years) remained sedentary during this period. Findings of the study revealed significant effect of both training programs on maximum oxygen consumption, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, pulse pressure, and mean arterial pressure at P<.05. The maximum oxygen consumption significantly and negatively correlated with systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, rate–pressure product, pulse pressure, and mean arterial pressure at P<.01. It was concluded that both training programs are effective adjunct nonpharmacological management of hypertension. The recommendation of the paper was that both interval and continuous training programs should form part of the kit in the management of hypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2010;12:841–849.
A Global Perspective on Blood Pressure Treatment and Control in a Referred Cohort of Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Bramlage Peter , Böhm Michael , Volpe Massimo , Khan Bobby V. , Paar W. D. , Tebbe Ulrich , Thoenes Martin 
Published: May 2010

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2010;12:666–677. ©2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Hypertensive patients with cardiovascular (CV) comorbidities are at increased risk, and cardiologists’ care should put particular emphasis on controlling blood pressure. Data on blood pressure treatment and control and drug utilization on a global scale, however, are scarce. Aiming to resolve this lack of information, the authors analyzed the data of International Survey Evaluating Microalbuminuria Routinely by Cardiologists in Patients With Hypertension (i‐SEARCH) to gain further insights into national and regional blood pressure control and antihypertensive pharmacotherapy prescribed in cardiology practice. A total of 22,282 patients with hypertension from 26 countries were enrolled in 2005/2006. A total of 18,652 patients were treated (mean age, 63.0±11.4 years; 52.2% male; mean body mass index, 28.9 kg/m2). Mean systolic blood pressure was 148.2±19.8 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure was 86.7±11.6 mm Hg. Blood pressure was controlled in 8.3% of diabetic and 25.3% of nondiabetic patients (21.2% overall), with particularly good control rates in North and Latin America (28.0% and 30.6%, respectively). A total of 31.2% of patients were treated with 1, 39.7% with 2, and 29.1% with ≥3 drugs. β‐Blockers were being used most frequently (47.9%), in both monotherapy and combination therapy despite low numbers of patients with respective compelling indications for their use. The present data illustrate the potential for an improvement of blood pressure treatment and control in daily cardiology practice.
Current Evidence on the Hemodynamic and Blood Pressure Effects of Isometric Exercise in Normotensive and Hypertensive Persons
Authors: Chrysant Steven G. 
Published: May 2010

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2010;12:721–726. ©2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Isometric exercise is associated with acute hemodynamic changes consisting of increases in systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure and also an increase in heart rate and cardiac output. The peripheral vascular resistance is either not changed or decreased. These hemodynamic changes return to baseline values soon after the completion of exercise. Since isometric exercise is not an aerobic exercise, it was not recommended to hypertensive patients by national and international committee guidelines. Recent studies and meta‐analyses of the subject have demonstrated, however, that isometric or resistance exercise does not raise resting blood pressure and frequently leads to a small decrease, which could be enhanced with the concomitant administration of antihypertensive drugs. Besides blood pressure, isometric exercise is associated with other beneficial effects consisting of an increase in muscle bulk, upper and lower body strength, increase in bone density, and a decrease in bone fractures. These changes are extremely beneficial to older patients by making them more mobile and increasing their quality of life. Based on these changes, the authors believe that isometric exercise, whether alone or in combination with dynamic exercise, should be recommended to hypertensive patients and be part of a comprehensive treatment regimen.
Missing domesticated plant forms: can artificial selection fill the gap?
Authors: Van Tassel David L. , DeHaan Lee R. , Cox Thomas S. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn the course of their evolution, the angiosperms have radiated into most known plant forms and life histories. Their adaptation to a recently created habitat, the crop field, produced a novel form: the plant that allocates an unprecedented 30–60% of its net productivity to sexual structures. Long‐lived trees, shrubs and vines of this form evolved, as did annual herbs. Perennial herb forms with increased allocation to asexual reproduction evolved, but there are no examples of perennial herbs with high sexual effort. We suggest that sowing seed into annually tilled fields favored shorter‐lived herbs because of trade‐offs between first‐year seed production and relative growth rate and/or persistence. By propagating cuttings, people quickly domesticated tuber crops and large woody plants. Perennial herbs were too small to be efficiently propagated by cuttings, and the association between longevity, allogamy and genetic load made rapid domestication by sexual cycles unlikely. Perennial grain crops do not exist because they could not have evolved under the original set of conditions; however, they can be deliberately developed today through artificial phenotypic and genotypic selection.