bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utility of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research for the patient perspective; comparison of the original and updated versions of the framework and a thematic analysis
Authors: Elvey Rebecca , Mathieson Amy , Wilson Paul M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background: The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) is widely used in implementation science but rarely applied to the patient perspective. We undertook a theory-informed process evaluation, in a hybrid trial testing real world delivery of an innovation in primary care. The evaluation assessed strategies to incorporate the innovation into everyday clinical practice, from multiple perspectives, including patients. The overall study design was CFIR-informed. During our data analysis period, the updated CFIR was published, with an increased emphasis on innovation recipients; this prompted our interest in comparing the two versions of CFIR in terms of their utility for the patient perspective.
Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with patients. Data were subjected to data-driven, inductive thematic analysis and theory-based, deductive CFIR analyses, using the original and updated versions of CFIR. We compared our analyses against one another, in terms of the resulting accounts of the patient perspective, assessing the utility of the two versions of CFIR and comparing the inductive and deductive analyses.
Results: Our dataset consisted of interviews with 56 patients. The thematic analysis resulted in three themes: experience of living with high cholesterol; views about the treatment; accessing and receiving the treatment. The thematic analysis provided the fullest account of what mattered to patients. The CFIR analyses accommodated most of our data, via 11 constructs across five domains in the original framework and 16 constructs across four domains in the updated CFIR; the updated version has better utility for the patient perspective. Patient preference for general practice as a place, concerns about costs for future financing of the treatment and views on what a future service could look like, were key factors that could impact wider spread.
Conclusions: Patient preferences, concerns and views expressed in this study could influence uptake of the innovation. The updated CFIR had good utility for accommodating these implementation determinants and should be applied to patient data generated in other settings and with other innovations. Doing so would increase diversity within the implementation science evidence base. Researchers could also further consider the utility of CFIR-based analyses compared with inductive approaches.
Trial registration Registration number: NCT04807400 Date of registration: 19/03/2021 Name of the registry: ClinicalTrials.gov URL of trial registry record: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04807400
The Impact of Psychological Interventions on Functioning in the Context of Borderline Personality Disorder Features for Adolescents and Young Adults; a Systematic Review and Meta Analysis
Authors: Brandrett Benjamin , Gajwani Ruchika 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Adolescents recruited from clinical samples with borderline personality disorder (BPD) experience high levels of functional impairment in numerous domains. Evidence suggests that the presence of borderline personality features before adulthood predict long term functional impairment and can worsen into adulthood. However, the method of assessment and the impact of intervention on functioning remains unclear.
Methods
This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the impact of psychological intervention on functioning in adolescents and young adults with BPD features. Four databases were reviewed (PsycINFO, Medline, Embase, and CINAHL).
Results
Out of 1859 papers, seven trials (657 participants) met eligibility criteria. Overall, psychological intervention significantly improved functioning at post-treatment and final follow-up. However, when comparing "BPD-specific" interventions with generalist treatment as usual (TAU) at post-treatment, effect sizes were small (overall ES g = 0.08, 95% CI = -0.10–0.25), and marginally improved at final follow-up (overall ES g = 0.16, 95% CI = -0.13–0.46). However, the trials raised some concerns about the risk of bias, with one showing a high risk.
Conclusions
Based on the synthesis of findings, both interventions showed similar effects on functional impairment. The findings have implications for service design and addressing the needs of an often-underrepresented patient population. This study emphasizes a need for more high-quality trials with larger sample sizes to strengthen the evidence base further.
Design and Rationale for a Randomized, Open-Label, Parallel Clinical Trial Evaluating Major Cardiovascular Events (Pharmacological Treatment Versus Diet Control) in Patients with High-Normal Blood Pressure: The PRINT-TAHA9 Trial
Authors: Attar Armin , Mirhosseini Seyed Alireza , Borazjani Roham , Sayadi Mehrab , Ahadi Mahsa , Zibaeenezhad MohammadJavad , Razeghian-Jahromi Iman , Parsa Nader 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background:
The distinction between normal and high blood pressure remains a debated topic, with varying guidelines on when to start medication. Contemporary guidelines advocate for the initiation of antihypertensive therapy in individuals who present with high-normal blood pressure, particularly those exhibiting elevated 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk scores. Despite these recommendations, there is a notable lack of direct evidence supporting the efficacy of treating high-normal blood pressure to prevent major cardiovascular events (MACE).
Methods:
The PRINT-TAHA9 trial, which is a unicentric, randomized, open-label, placebo-controlled, parallel clinical study, seeks to explore the effects of intensive blood pressure control on MACE in participants with high-normal blood pressure. We will enroll 1620 adults aged 18 years and above with a systolic blood pressure range of 130-140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure under 90 mmHg, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk score exceeding 7.5%. The study will be executed in five distinct phases, with each phase enrolling between 300 and 400 participants. Participants will be randomly allocated to either the treatment group receiving antihypertensive medication (amlodipine/valsartan) and a low-salt/low-fat diet or to the control group receiving a similar diet. Follow-up visits are scheduled every six months over a three-year period to monitor blood pressure, evaluate medication adherence, document any adverse events, and adjust the intervention as necessary. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis will be employed to examine the disparities between the two arms. The study's design adheres to the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) guidelines.
Discussion:
The literature on managing high-normal blood pressure reveals a significant gap in medical understanding, especially regarding when to start pharmacological intervention. Despite guidelines advocating early treatment, the debate continues due to insufficient evidence that such interventions significantly reduce major cardiovascular events. This trial seeks to address this critical evidence gap.
Trial registration: The PRINT-TAHA9 trial was registered in October 2019 with the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT.ir) under the registration number IRCT20191002044961N1. https://irct.behdasht.gov.ir/trial/43092
Ocean Stratification Impedes Particulate Transport to the Plumes of Enceladus
Authors: Ames Flynn , Ferreira David , Czaja Arnaud , Masters Adam 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Water-vapour plumes erupting from Enceladus’ south pole provide a window into the properties of its subsurface ocean, a prime target in the search for life. However, the extent to which plume material represents conditions at Enceladus’ depths is unclear, because of its unknown ocean stratification, which may impede the transport of matter to the ocean top. Previous studies have found conflicting stratification regimes using differing parameter choices and model physics.
Here, we build a comprehensive view of Enceladus’ ocean stratification and bottom-to-top transport timescale, across plausible ranges of salinity and tidally- and librationally-induced mixing, accounting for non-linearities in the equation of state for water, geothermal heating and ice-ocean freshwater exchanges. We use theoretical models verified with global ocean numerical simulations.
We show that, under a steady state assumption for the ice shell, which requires melting at the poles, there is no parameter choice permitting an unstratified ocean from top to bottom. As a result, potential hydrothermal products take at minimum 100s of years to reach the plumes.
This suggests that either timescales of several months, inferred from Cassini observations, are incorrect, perhaps biased by alternative particulate transport mechanisms, or that Enceladus' ice shell is not in a quasi-equilibrated state.
Posterior Uterine Fibroid Resection: Which Surgical Approach is More Suitable?
Authors: Hou Qiannan , Li Xin , Huang Lu , Zhang Qiang , Feng Dan , Li Yan , Gu Dingqian , Lin Yonghong , He Li 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to objectively assess the effect of three surgical approaches for posterior uterine fibroid resection: transumbilical laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS), vaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (vNOTES) in prone position (vNOTES-P), and vNOTES in the lithotomy position (vNOTES-L).
Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on data pertaining to all patients who underwent vNOTES and LESSfor single posterior fibroids at our institution from January 2023 to July 2023. Patients were categorized into three groups based on the surgical approach: vNOTES-Pgroup (n=30), vNOTES-L group (n=17), and LESS group (n=32). Comparative analysis was performed on the demographic characteristics and perioperative outcomes among the three groups of patients.
Results: All 79 patients underwent surgery without the need for conversion to laparotomy. There were no statistically significant differences among the LESS group, vNOTES-P group, and vNOTES-L group in terms of operative time, intraoperative blood loss, and perioperative complication rates. In the vNOTES-L group, two patients required conversion to LESS during surgery. The time to postoperative flatus was significantly shorter in the vNOTES group compared to the LESS group (P < 0.05). However, three cases of postoperative infection occurred in the vNOTES group, while none were reported in the LESS group.
Conclusion: Compared to LESS, vNOTES demonstrates significant advantages in alleviating postoperative pain, shortening time to passage of flatus, and enhancing cosmetic outcomes. Particularly, vNOTES-P for posterior uterine fibroid resection, as an emerging surgical approach, offers certain advantages in facilitating surgical maneuverability and reducing operative time, rendering it more suitable for posterior uterine fibroid resection.
Dietary ferulic acid supplementation enhances antioxidant capacity and alleviated hepatocyte pyroptosis in diquat challenged piglets
Authors: Luo Junqiu , Wu Xiu , Chen Daiwen , Yu Bing , He Jun 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Oxidative stress significantly impacts growth performance and liver function in piglets. Ferulic acid (FA) works as an antioxidant, however, the role and mechanism of FA in the regulation of diquat-induced oxidative stress in piglets are less known. This study was designed to investigate the effects of FA on growth performance and antioxidant capacity in piglets with diquat challenge.
Methods
Thirty-two healthy DLY (Duroc× Landrace × Yorkshire) piglets (13.24 ± 0.19 kg) were randomly divided into one of two diets including 0 or 4 g/kg FA for 14 d. On day 15, all pigs were intraperitoneally injected diquat or sterile saline.
Results
Diquat infusion significantly reduced the average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of piglets. Dietary FA supplementation suppressed body weight loss in and reduced serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities in diquat challenged piglets. Furthermore, diquat infusion increased reactive oxygen radicals (ROS) level in liver, decreased the activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the liver and serum. Supplementation with FA significantly increased T-AOC and T-SOD activities and decreased MDA and ROS levels. FA down-regulated gene and protein expression of Keap1, and up-regulated protein expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 in the liver of piglets with diquat challenge. Importantly, diquat challenge increased the ratio of late apoptosis, increased serum levels of IL-1β, IL-18 and LDH, and up-regulated pyroptosis-related genes in the liver. FA supplementation reduced the ratio of late apoptosis and down-regulated mRNA expression of pyroptosis-related genes (NLRP3, Caspase1, GSDMD, IL-1β and IL-18). Accordingly, FA addition reduced concentration of IL-1β, IL-18, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) under diquat challenge.
Conclusions
Diquat-induced oxidative stress reduced growth performance and impaired liver function in piglets. Dietary FA supplementation enhanced the antioxidant capacity and reduced the degree of hepatocyte pyroptosis, thereby alleviating the oxidative damage in the liver and mitigating the impact of diquat on growth performance of piglets.
Optimal antiplatelet therapy for acute coronary syndrome patients with high risk for both ischemia and bleeding
Authors: Li Yachao , Lei Mengjie , Wang Jingyao , Sun Xue , Li Cairong , Zhao Zhigang , Xue Zengming 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the impact of different regimens of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) on the prognosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients with high risk of both ischemia and bleeding after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 1,816 ACS patients with high risk of ischemia and bleeding who underwent PCI at a single center from January 2017 to November 2022. Patients were divided into an intensive group (n=1046, ticagrelor 90 mg), a routine group (n=611, clopidogrel 75 mg), and a de-escalation group (n=159, ticagrelor 90 mg). All patients received DAPT, including aspirin, for a duration of ≥ 12 months after PCI. The primary endpoint was the net clinical adverse events (NACEs) that occurred during follow-up, including the composite endpoint of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) and major bleeding associated with the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) criteria. The secondary endpoint was MACCE, which included a composite endpoint of cardiogenic death, myocardial infarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, and stroke. The primary safety endpoint is defined as major or minor bleeding events according to the TIMI criteria.
Results: Compared with the de-escalation group, the intensive group had a lower incidence of NACEs (6.5% vs. 12.6%, P=0.011) and MACCEs during follow-up (4.4% vs. 11.9%, P<0.001). The risk of bleeding in the intensive group was significantly greater than that in the routine group (21.1% vs. 15.3%, P=0.003), especially for minor bleeding events (19.5% vs. 14.4%, P=0.007). Cox regression analysis revealed no statistically significant difference in the incidence of NACEs among the three DAPT regimens. Compared with the de-escalation group, both the intensive and routine groups had a reduced incidence of MACCEs (HR=0.334, HR=0.508, respectively); however, compared with the routine group, the intensive group had an increased incidence of bleeding events (HR=1.426), especially minor bleeding events (HR=1.395).
Conclusion: For ACS patients with a high risk for both ischemia and bleeding, Aspirin combined with clopidogrel is recommended, as it not only reduces the incidence of ischemic events but also does not increase bleeding events. Choosing aspirin combined with ticagrelor to enhance antiplatelet therapy may reduce the risk of ischemic events, but minor bleeding events is increased. For this type of patient, de-escalation treatment is not recommended.
An Analysis of the Psychometric Properties of the Medication Safety Competence Scale in Turkish
Authors: AYDINLI Ayşe , Cerit Kamuran 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Considering the key roles and responsibilities of nurses in ensuring medication safety, it is necessary to understand nurses’ competence in medication safety. Therefore, it was aimed to introduce a scale evaluating the medication safety competence of nurses into Turkish and to contribute to the literature by determining the medication safety competence levels of nurses.
Methods
A methodological and descriptive research design was utilised. The population consisted of nurses in Turkey, and the sample comprised 523 nurses who volunteered to participate.
Results
The content validity index of the scale was 0.98, and the scale showed a good fit (χ2/df = 3.00, RMSEA = 0.062). The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the scale was 0.97, indicating high reliability. The mean score was 4.12, which was considered high. Participants who were 40 years old or above, married, and graduates of health vocational schools or postgraduate programs, along with those who had received medication safety training, had higher medication safety competence scores.
Conclusion
This study presents strong evidence that the Turkish version of the Medication Safety Competency Scale is valid and reliable when administered to nurses. The participants in this study had high levels of medication safety competence.
Pollution characteristics and Impacts of Organochlorine pesticides in the River Niger floodplain soils
Authors: Iwegbue Chukwujindu M.A. , Aziza Andrew E. , Oghoje Stephen U. , Ogwu Ijeoma F. , Olisah Chijioke , Martincigh Bice S. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) concentration was evaluated in floodplain soils from the lower sections of River Niger in order to explore their distribution patterns with respect to soil depth, sources, ecosystem and human health risks. The soils at three depths from thirteen (13) locations along the floodplain were collected, Soxhlet extracted with dichloromethane (DCM)/n-hexane and analyzed for OCPs by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The Σ20 OCP concentrations in the soils from 0–15, 15–30 and 30–45 cm depths varied from 5.0–592, 7.1–281 and 8.12–507 ng g− 1 for respectively. On average, the Σ20 OCP concentrations decreased with depth. Chlordane was the predominant OCP in the soil profiles. The results of risk assessment suggested that concentrations of OCP in the soil profiles can pose risks to the ecosystem and farmers in the floodplain. The source apportionment showed predominance of historical sources over recent usage of OCPs in the floodplain soils.
Hybrid Genetic Algorithm-Particle Swarm Optimization Based Approach for Optimal Sizing and Placement of a Passive Filter
Authors: AbuZahew Ahlam , Salama Sanaa , Mahariq Ibrahim , Firat Muhammet Server 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

This work presents a hybrid Genetic Algorithm-particle swarm optimization based technique for optimal placement and sizing of a passive power filters to reduce harmonics distortion and mitigate the total active power losses in distribution lines with linear and nonlinear loads. The problem was formulated as a nonlinear multi-objective optimization problem with equality and inequality constraints using hybrid Genetic Algorithm with practical swarm optimization. Recommendations by IEEE standards 519–1992 and 18-2002 are considered as the main constraints in this study. Based on the minimum total harmonic distortion and active power losses as the main optimization criteria the optimal solutions were selected. The proposed approach is validated on the IEEE 14 bus system and on a real power system. The results confirmed that proposed method provides robust, effective and high-quality solutions for large power systems.
Malassezia globosa induce differentiation of pathogenic Th17 cells by inducing IL-23 secretion by keratinocytes
Authors: Jia Qiuyu , Hu Jian , Wang Xiaojie , Deng Yuxuan , Zhang Jianzhong , Li Houmin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Malassezia, the most abundant fungal commensal on the mammalian skin, has been linked to several inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis and psoriasis. This study reveals that epicutaneous application with Malassezia globosa triggers skin inflammation in mice. RNA-sequencing of the resulting mouse lesions indicates activation of IL-17 signaling and Th17 cells differentiation pathways by Malassezia globosa. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate a significant upregulation of IL-23, IL-23R, IL-17A, and IL-22 expressions, along with an increase in the proportion of Th17 and pathogenic Th17 cells in mouse skin exposed to Malassezia globosa. In vitro experiments illustrate that Malassezia globosa prompts human primary keratinocytes to secrete IL-23 via TLR2-MyD88-NF-κB signaling. This IL-23 secretion by keratinocytes is shown to be adequate for inducing the differentiation of pathogenic Th17 cells in the skin. Overall, these results underscore the significant role of Malassezia in exacerbating skin inflammation by stimulating IL-23 secretion by keratinocytes and promoting the differentiation of pathogenic Th17 cells.
Time-lag effects of vegetation responses to water buffered in wetland soil
Authors: Hao Ying-Ying , Pan Yi-Wen , Zheng Jun-Yi , Ge Gang , Zhao Bin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Vegetation is not only immediately affected by water flow, but also has a time-lag response to water elements accumulated in the soil of the wetland ecosystem. However, extensive studies focused on the direct response of vegetation to water regimen, the time-lag effects are less considered due to lacking appropriate quantitative methods. In this study, we aimed to quantitatively determine the response of wetland vegetation to two different forms of water. We extracted three vegetation patches using long-term Landsat data and constructed two kinds of hydrological variables (immediate and time-lag), analyzing their relationship. The results showed that:(1) different vegetation patches have different spatio-temporal dynamics over time. The distribution elevation of dense and high grass patches significantly reduces, and the ecological niche expands;(2) the temporal explicit pattern of wetland vegetation response to two hydrological variables are different: the sensitivity of the response to immediate hydrological variables is sparse grass patch>dense grass patch>high grass patch, and the response duration of time-lag is dense grass patch >sparse grass patch>high grass patch; compared to vegetation patches at high elevation, sparse grass patch at lower elevation is more susceptible to the accumulation of water regimen over time. Our study clarifies that wetland vegetation has a time-lag response to water regimen, which is a supplement to evaluating and predicting vegetation dynamics under wetland water regimen changes.
Intelligent Railguard: PLC-Driven Automation For Enhanced Safety And Efficiency In Modern Railway Systems
Authors: Retnakumar G. Joselin , Rajesh Akhil , Aagarish M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

In modern railway systems, Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) play a crucial role, particularly in automatic level crossing systems. This project explores the application of PLCs in enhancing railway safety and efficiency. Three specific projects are investigated: automatic fault detection of railway tracks, an automatic railway gate control system, and a traffic light control system integrated with automatic railway gate crossing. The common thread across these projects is the utilization of PLCs for automation, ensuring precise and reliable operation in railway infrastructure.