bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IL-33 Activates Unprimed Murine Basophils Directly In Vitro and Induces Their In Vivo Expansion Indirectly by Promoting Hematopoietic Growth Factor Production
Authors: Schneider Elke , Petit-Bertron Anne-France , Bricard Rachel , Levasseur Mélanie , Ramadan Abdelrauf , Girard Jean-Philippe , Herbelin André , Dy Michel 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
IL-33, a new member of the IL-1 family, has been described as an important inducer of Th2 cytokines and mediator of inflammatory responses. In this study, we demonstrate that murine basophils sorted directly from the bone marrow, without prior exposure to IL-3 or FcεR cross-linking, respond to IL-33 alone by producing substantial amounts of histamine, IL-4, and IL-6. These cells express ST2 constitutively and generate a cytokine profile that differs from their IL-3-induced counterpart by a preferential production of IL-6. In vivo, IL-33 promotes basophil expansion in the bone marrow (BM) through an indirect mechanism of action depending on signaling through the βc chain shared by receptors for IL-3, GM-CSF, and IL-5. IL-3 can still signal through its specific βIL-3 chain in these mutant mice, which implies that it is not the unique growth-promoting mediator in this setup, but requires IL-5 and/or GMCSF. Our results support a major role of the latter growth factor, which is readily generated by total BM cells as well as sorted basophils in response to IL-33 along with low amounts of IL-3. Furthermore, GM-CSF amplifies IL-3-induced differentiation of basophils from BM cells, whereas IL-5 that is also generated in vivo, affects neither their functions nor their growth in vitro or in vivo. In conclusion, our data provide the first evidence that IL-33 not only activates unprimed basophils directly, but also promotes their expansion in vivo through induction of GM-CSF and IL-3.
Direct Expansion of Human Allospecific FoxP3+CD4+ Regulatory T Cells with Allogeneic B Cells for Therapeutic Application
Authors: Chen Leo C. , Delgado Julio C. , Jensen Peter E. , Chen Xinjian 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Compelling evidence from animal studies has demonstrated that allospecific FoxP3+CD4+ regulatory T (Treg) cells expanded ex vivo can be used as effective therapeutic tools in the treatment of allograft rejection and graft-vs-host disease. Despite the promising results from animal studies, there remain major barriers to developing Treg cell-based immunotherapy in humans. Currently, no effective approach has been established for selective expansion of human allospecific Treg cells ex vivo. Additionally, the very low frequency of Treg cells present in human peripheral blood could pose a formidable challenge to obtaining a sufficient number of Treg cells from a single donor for ex vivo expansion for therapeutic utilization. Extending our recent finding that mouse B cells preferentially induce expansion of alloreactive Treg cells, we report herein that human Treg cells can be expanded ex vivo with allogeneic B cells. The expanded Treg cells express very high levels of FoxP3, maintain anergic phenotype, and are potent suppressors capable of inhibiting the alloproliferation of third-party responder T cells at very low Treg-to-T effector cell ratio in an alloantigen-specific manner. The alloantigen specificity demonstrated by B cell-expanded Treg cells is not determined by the HLA haplotypes of the Treg cells, but it is induced and determined by the haplotype of the B cells used to expand them. Our findings represent a significant advance in the development of Treg cell-based immunotherapy in humans and raise the possibility of using third-party Treg cells for therapeutic applications.
Efficient Induction and Expansion of Human Alloantigen-Specific CD8 Regulatory T Cells from Naive Precursors by CD40-Activated B Cells
Authors: Zheng Jian , Liu Yinping , Qin Gang , Chan Ping-Lung , Mao Huawei , Lam Kwok-Tai , Lewis David B. , Lau Yu-Lung , Tu Wenwei 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Although recent studies have focused on CD4+ regulatory T cells (Treg), CD8+ Treg have also been reported to play important roles in the induction and maintenance of immune tolerance. Adoptive transfer of CD8+ Treg in rodents or induction of CD8+ Treg in humans can prevent or treat allograft rejection and autoimmune diseases. However, no approaches have been reported for the generation of human Ag-specific CD8+ Treg at a practical scale for clinical use. Here, we found that two novel CD8+ T cell subsets with different levels of CD8 surface expression, CD8high and CD8low, could be induced from naive CD8+ precursors in vitro by allogeneic CD40-activated B cells, whereas only CD8high T cells were alloantigen-specific Treg with relatively poor alloantigen-specific cytotoxicity. Importantly, alloantigen-specific CD8high Treg could be induced and expanded from naive CD8+CD25− T cells at a large scale after 3 wk of culture without exogenous cytokines. These induced alloantigen-specific Treg were CD45RO+ and CCR7− memory cells, and they expressed Foxp3, CD25, CD27, CD28, and CD62L. The induction and expansion of CD8high Treg by CD40-activated B cells were dependent on endogenously expressed IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, and CTLA-4. This approach may facilitate the clinical application of CD8+ Treg-based immunotherapy in transplantation and autoimmune diseases.
Multiple Functionalities of Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Films: New Biomedical Applications
Authors: Boudou Thomas , Crouzier Thomas , Ren Kefeng , Blin Guillaume , Picart Catherine 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe design of advanced functional materials with nanometer‐ and micrometer‐scale control over their properties is of considerable interest for both fundamental and applied studies because of the many potential applications for these materials in the fields of biomedical materials, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. The layer‐by‐layer deposition technique introduced in the early 1990s by Decher, Moehwald, and Lvov is a versatile technique, which has attracted an increasing number of researchers in recent years due to its wide range of advantages for biomedical applications: ease of preparation under “mild” conditions compatible with physiological media, capability of incorporating bioactive molecules, extra‐cellular matrix components and biopolymers in the films, tunable mechanical properties, and spatio‐temporal control over film organization. The last few years have seen a significant increase in reports exploring the possibilities offered by diffusing molecules into films to control their internal structures or design “reservoirs,” as well as control their mechanical properties. Such properties, associated with the chemical properties of films, are particularly important for designing biomedical devices that contain bioactive molecules. In this review, we highlight recent work on designing and controlling film properties at the nanometer and micrometer scales with a view to developing new biomaterial coatings, tissue engineered constructs that could mimic in vivo cellular microenvironments, and stem cell “niches.”
Varying patterns of coexistence of two mouse lemur species (Microcebus ravelobensis and M. murinus) in a heterogeneous landscape
Authors: Rakotondravony Romule , Radespiel Ute 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe coexistence of closely related species is not easily understood on the basis of ecological theories. This study investigates the extent of coexistence of two congeneric species of Microcebus murinus (MUR) and M. ravelobensis (RAV) in northwestern Madagascar. Their presence and local relative population densities were determined by capturing and nocturnal transect counts and compared at 22 study sites in the Ankarafantsika National Park. All sites were characterized with regard to their altitude, access to surface water, and 19 structural vegetation characteristics. RAV and MUR were not equally distributed over this regional scale. RAV occurred in more sites and at higher maximum densities than MUR. The relative population densities of both species were significantly and negatively correlated with each other. Whereas the relative population densities of MUR increased with altitude and were highest in dry habitats far from surface water, the relative population densities of RAV generally decreased with altitude and were highest in low altitude habitats close to surface water. The results of the vegetation characteristics also reflect these general trends. The divergent pattern of local and regional coexistence of these two species is discussed and can be best explained either by the existence of a spatially heterogeneous competitive environment or by independent evolutionary pathways in different historic environments. Am. J. Primatol. 71:928–938, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The SiSn Chemical Bond: An Integrated Thermochemical and Quantum Mechanical Study of the SiSn Diatomic Molecule and Small Si–Sn Clusters
Authors: Ciccioli Andrea , Gigli Guido , Meloni Giovanni 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe silicon–tin chemical bond has been investigated by a study of the SiSn diatomic molecule and a number of new polyatomic SixSny molecules. These species, formed in the vapor produced from silicon–tin mixtures at high temperature, were experimentally studied by using a Knudsen effusion mass spectrometric technique. The heteronuclear diatomic SiSn, together with the triatomic Si2Sn and SiSn2 and tetratomic Si3Sn, Si2Sn2, and SiSn3 species, were identified in the vapor and studied in the overall temperature range 1474–1944 K. The atomization energy of all the above molecules was determined for the first time (values in kJ mol−1): 233.0±7.8 (SiSn), 625.6±11.6 (Si2Sn), 550.2±10.7 (SiSn2), 1046.1±19.9 (Si3Sn), 955.2±26.8 (Si2Sn2), and 860.2±19.0 (SiSn3). In addition, a computational study of the ground and low‐lying excited electronic states of the newly identified molecules has been made. These electronic‐structure calculations were performed at the DFT‐B3LYP/cc‐pVTZ and CCSD(T)/cc‐pVTZ levels, and allowed the estimation of reliable molecular parameters and hence the thermal functions of the species under study. Computed atomization energies were also derived by taking into account spin–orbit corrections and extrapolation to the complete basis‐set limit. A comparison between experimental and theoretical results is presented. Revised values of (716.5±16) kJ mol−1 (Si3) and (440±20) kJ mol−1 (Sn3) are also proposed for the atomization energies of the Si3 and Sn3 molecules.
Metallotherapeutics: Novel Strategies in Drug Design
Authors: Hocharoen Lalintip , Cowan James A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA new paradigm for drug activity is presented, which includes both recognition and subsequent irreversible inactivation of therapeutic targets. Application to both RNA and protein biomolecules has been demonstrated. In contrast to RNA targets that are subject to strand scission chemistry mediated by ribose H‐atom abstraction, proteins appear to be inactivated either through oxidative damage to amino acid side chains around the enzyme active site, or by backbone hydrolysis.
Development of a Continuous‐Flow System for Asymmetric Hydrogenation Using Self‐Supported Chiral Catalysts
Authors: Shi Lei , Wang Xingwang , Sandoval Christian A. , Wang Zheng , Li Hongji , Wu Jiang , Yu Liting , Ding Kuiling 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWell‐designed, self‐assembled, metal–organic frameworks were constructed by simple mixing of multitopic MonoPhos‐based ligands (3; MonoPhos=chiral, monodentate phosphoramidites based on the 1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthol platform) and [Rh(cod)2]BF4 (cod=cycloocta‐1,5‐diene). This self‐supporting strategy allowed for simple and efficient catalyst immobilization without the use of extra added support, giving well‐characterized, insoluble (in toluene) polymeric materials (4). The resulting self‐supported catalysts (4) showed outstanding catalytic performance for the asymmetric hydrogenation of a number of α‐dehydroamino acids (5) and 2‐aryl enamides (7) with enantiomeric excess (ee) ranges of 94–98 % and 90–98 %, respectively. The linker moiety in 4 influenced the reactivity significantly, albeit with slight impact on the enantioselectivity. Acquisition of reaction profiles under steady‐state conditions showed 4 h and 4 i to have the highest reactivity (turnover frequency (TOF)=95 and 97 h−1 at 2 atm, respectively), whereas appropriate substrate/catalyst matching was needed for optimum chiral induction. The former was recycled 10 times without loss in ee (95–96 %), although a drop in TOF of approximately 20 % per cycle was observed. The estimation of effective catalytic sites in self‐supported catalyst 4 e was also carried out by isolation and hydrogenation of catalyst–substrate complex, showing about 37 % of the RhI centers in the self‐supported catalyst 4 e are accessible to substrate 5 c in the catalysis. A continuous flow reaction system using an activated C/4 h mixture as stationary‐phase catalyst for the asymmetric hydrogenation of 5 b was developed and run continuously for a total of 144 h with >99 % conversion and 96–97 % enantioselectivity. The total Rh leaching in the product solution is 1.7 % of that in original catalyst 4 h.
Synergistically Enhanced Dispersion of Native Protein–Carbon Nanotube Conjugates by Fluoroalcohols in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Hirano Atsushi , Maeda Yutaka , Akasaka Takeshi , Shiraki Kentaro 
Published: August 2009

AbstractCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) are anticipated as an important new material for use in nanotechnology applications because of their excellent mechanical and electrical properties. For their development, a highly stable dispersion of debundled CNTs is indispensable. Herein we present a new method to enhance dispersibility of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with proteins using alcohols as co‐solvents. Addition of fluoroalcohols in solution increased the SWNT dispersion by more than one order of magnitude without protein denaturation. Enhancement of SWNT dispersion through addition of alcohols was attributed to the decreased hydrophobic interaction among SWNTs. This novel approach enables us to produce biofunctional CNTs such as one‐dimensional nanobiosensors and drug carriers that can penetrate cells.
Dendritic Molecular Electrochromic Batteries Based on Redox‐Robust Metallocenes
Authors: Astruc Didier , Ornelas Cátia , Ruiz Jaime 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn this Concept article, we summarize and discuss recent reports on dendritic molecular electrochromic batteries. Giant dendrimers containing 3n+2 terminal tethers (n=generation number) and terminated by first‐raw late‐transition‐metal metallocenes, permethyl metallocenes and other sandwich complexes were shown to be redox robust. Indeed, they can be oxidized and reduced without decomposition and exist under two stable oxidation states (FeIII/II, CoIII/II). Thus, a pre‐determined number of electrons (up to 14 000) per dendrimer can be exchanged. Cyclic voltammetry showed a remarkable complete reversibility even up to 14 000 Fe and Co termini in metallodendrimers, indicating fast electron hoping among the redox sites and between dendrimers on a carbon surface covered by arylcarboxylate groups. The dendrimer sizes were measured by dynamic light scattering in solution and by AFM (subsequent to flattening in the condensed state also indicating that these metallodendrimers aggregate to form discrete nanoparticles of dendrimers, as atoms do). The metallodendrimer size varies considerably between the two redox forms due to tether extension of the cationic dendrimers upon oxidation, and a breathing mechanism was shown by atomic and electric force microscopy (AFM and EFM). When the redox potential is very negative, the reduced form is an electron‐reservoir system that can deliver a large number of electrons per dendrimer to various reducible substrates. These systems are thus potential dendritic molecular batteries with two different colors for the two redox forms (electrochromic behavior).
Structure‐Based and in silico Design of Hsp90 Inhibitors
Authors: Sgobba Miriam , Rastelli Giulio 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe molecular chaperone Hsp90 is responsible for activation and stabilization of several oncoproteins in cancer cells, and has emerged as an important target in cancer treatment because of this pivotal role. In recent years, interests have arisen around structure‐based design of small molecules aimed at inhibiting the chaperone activity of Hsp90. In this review, we illustrate the recent advances in structure‐based and in silico strategies aimed at discovering and optimizing Hsp90 inhibitors.
A Dinuclear Double‐Stranded Oxido Complex of ReV with a Bis(benzene‐o‐dithiolato) Ligand
Authors: Gancheff Jorge S. , Albuquerque Rodrigo Q. , Guerrero‐Martínez Andrés , Pape Tania , De Cola Luisa , Hahn F. Ekkehardt 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe reaction of [ReOCl3(PPh3)2] with 1,2‐bis(2,3‐dimercaptobenzamido)ethane (H4‐1) in the presence of Na2CO3 in methanol under anaerobic conditions affords the dinuclear ReV oxido complex [PPh4]2[ReO(1)]2 containing two distorted square‐pyramidal {ReVOS4} units bridged by the ligand strands in a double‐stranded fashion. The coordinationgeometry around the metal centers is similar to the one observed for [ReO(bdt)2]–. The ReS4 planes are arranged in a coplanar fashion and are not twisted around the metal–metal vector, which prevents the complex to adopt a helical structure. Luminescence studies show the presence of emission bands, which are assigned to singlet‐singlet transitions exhibiting very fast decays (ca. 10 ns). Theoretical Density Functional (DFT) studies on geometry and electronic properties were performed employing the hybrid B3LYP and PBE1PBE functionals. While the general trends observed in the experimental data are well reproduced in all cases, a good agreement was obtained using PBE1PBE, in particular for the Re–S bonds. Natural Bond Orbitals (NBO) analysis indicates the presence of polarized Re≡O and Re–S bonds, both of them polarized toward the non‐metal. The calculation show that the molecular orbitals of the ReV are doubly degenerated, the occupied 5d orbital of rhenium lying beneath occupied sulfur‐based MOs due to the rigid geometry imposed by the C–C backbone of the bis(benzene‐o‐dithiolato) ligands. The origin of all absorption bands is ascribed to a ligand‐to‐metal charge transfer (LMCT), in which occupied sulfur‐based orbitals and unoccupied rhenium‐centered orbitals are involved.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Mesoporous Nickel Electrode for the Detection of Alcohol
Authors: Ling Tzong‐Rong , Lien Kuang‐Te , Jow Jiin‐Jiang , Lin Thong‐Yueh 
Published: August 2009

AbstractMesoporous nickel electrodes have been shown to be excellent amperometric sensors for alcohol detection over a wide‐range of concentrations. At a higher electrolyte concentrations (NaOH, 4 M), the electrodes exhibited a remarkably higher sensitivity (1072.7 μA mM−1 cm−2) than conventional nickel based electrodes, within an alcohol concentration range 0.5–3 M. Additionally, electrodeposited Ni electrodes formed with Brij 56 as a template, have significantly higher roughness than similar electrodes made without template. Higher roughness factors correlated with higher sensitivities for alcohol sensing, but needed longer times to remove the template from the Ni film.
The effects of microstructures on a dielectrophoretic chip for trapping particles
Authors: Chuang Cheng‐Hsin , Hsu You‐Ming , Wei Ching‐Hua 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA dielectrophoretic (DEP) chip with an SU‐8 microcavity array for trapping single particle/cell is designed, fabricated, and quantitatively examined by simulations and experiments. The particles can be easily trapped in or pulled out of the microcavity based on negative or positive DEP force, respectively. The nonuniform electric field is formed in relation to the configuration of the microcavity array, i.e. its diameter and spacing, as described in the simulation results. In order to investigate the effects of the microcavity, two maximal flow rates for trapping particles in the microcavity and washing them away from the microcavity under different DEP voltages are determined by experiments. As the experimental results show, the extrastationary effects, provided as a particle is trapped in the microcavity, mean that the trapped particle can sustain a low flow rate even without applying DEP voltage. Consequently, this DEP chip is suitable for long‐term monitoring of trapped cells by supplying the subsisting buffer at a low flow rate without the damage or heating effect caused by DEP voltage.
Complete sequencing and oxidative modification of manganese superoxide dismutase in medulloblastoma cells
Authors: John Julius Paul Pradeep , Pollak Arnold , Lubec Gert 
Published: August 2009

AbstractManganese superoxide dismutase (Mn‐SOD or SOD2) is a key antioxidant enzyme and was assigned several roles in tumor biology. Working on medulloblastoma cell line DAOY, we identified two spots as Mn‐SODs. Because of the proposed pivotal role of this enzyme in oncobiology, we decided to completely sequence the proteins and to determine PTMs. Proteins extracted from DAOY cells were run on 2‐DE, multienzyme digestions were carried out and peptides were analyzed by MALDI‐TOF/TOF, Qq‐TOF and the ion trap using both the CID and ETD principles. Both protein expression forms were completely sequenced and revealed identical protein sequences. Histidines His30 and His31 were oxidized in one protein, whereas tryptophan oxidation (Trp‐186) was observed in both. Histidine oxidation was not only indicated by the mass shift of the peptide but also by specific spectra of 2‐oxo‐histidine and a previously described intermediate (His+14). Complete sequencing of the two Mn‐SOD expression forms unambiguously characterizes this enzyme from a tumor cell line providing evidence that can be used for generation of antibodies and allowing conformational studies. The findings of different PTMs in the same gel represent Mn‐SOD oxidative states, while oxidative modification of His30 and 31 may even reflect decreased Mn‐SOD activity.
Udp‐glucose dehydrogenase as a novel field‐specific candidate biomarker of prostate cancer
Authors: Huang Dali , Casale George P. , Tian Jun , Lele Subodh M. , Pisarev Vladimir M. , Simpson Melanie A. , Hemstreet George P. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractUridine diphosphate (UDP)‐glucose dehydrogenase (UGDH) catalyzes the oxidation of UDP‐glucose to yield UDP‐glucuronic acid, a precursor for synthesis of glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans that promote aggressive prostate cancer (PC) progression. The purpose of our study was to determine if the UGDH expression in normal appearing acini (NAA) from cancerous glands is a candidate biomarker for PC field disease/effect assayed by quantitative fluorescence imaging analysis (QFIA). A polyclonal antibody to UGDH was titrated to saturation binding and fluorescent microscopic images acquired from fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue slices were quantitatively analyzed. Specificity of the assay was confirmed by Western blot analysis and competitive inhibition of tissue labeling with the recombinant UGDH. Reproducibility of the UGDH measurements was high within and across analytical runs. Quantification of UGDH by QFIA and Reverse‐Phase Protein Array analysis were strongly correlated (r = 0.97), validating the QFIA measurements. Analysis of cancerous acini (CA) and NAA from PC patients vs. normal acini (NA) from noncancerous controls (32 matched pairs) revealed significant (p < 0.01) differences, with CA (increased) vs. NA, NAA (decreased) vs. NA and CA (increased) vs. NAA. Areas under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curves were 0.68 (95% CI: 0.59–0.83) for NAA and 0.71 (95% CI: 0.59–0.83) for CA (both vs. NA). These results support the UGDH content in prostatic acini as a novel candidate biomarker that may complement the development of a multi‐biomarker panel for detecting PC within the tumor adjacent field on a histologically normal biopsy specimen.