bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic syndrome in menopausal transition: Isfahan Healthy Heart Program, a population based study
Authors: Heidari Ramin , Sadeghi Masoumeh , Talaei Mohammad , Rabiei Katayoun , Mohammadifard Noushin , Sarrafzadegan Nizal 
Published: October 2010

Abstract

Introduction
There is a remarkable increase in cardiovascular disease after menopause. On the other hand, metabolic syndrome as a collection of risk factors has a known effect on cardiovascular diseases. Hormone changes are considered as one of the main relevant factor regarding cardiovascular disease as well as some recognized relationship with metabolic syndrome's components. This study was carried out in order to search for prevalence of metabolic syndrome during menopausal transition.

Method
In a cross sectional study in urban and rural areas of Isfahan, Najafabad and Arak cities, 1596 women aged more than 45 years were investigated using Isfahan Healthy Heart Program's (IHHP) samples. Participants were categorized into three groups of pre-menopause, menopause and post-menopause. Leisure time physical activity and global dietary index were included as life style factors. The association of metabolic syndrome and its components with menopausal transition considering other factors such as age and life style was analyzed.

Results
there were 303, 233 and 987 women in premenopausal, early menopausal and postmenopausal groups respectively. Metabolic syndrome was found in 136(44.9%) premenopausal participants and significantly increased to 135(57.9%) and 634(64.3%) in early menopausal and postmenopausal participants respectively, when age was considered (P = 0.010). Except for hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia, there was no significant difference between three groups of menopausal transition when metabolic syndrome's components were considered.

Conclusion
In contrary to the claims regarding the role of waist circumference and blood glucose in increasing of metabolic syndrome during the menopausal transition, this study showed this phenomenon could be independence of them.
Genomic insights into Wnt signaling in an early diverging metazoan, the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi
Authors: Pang Kevin , Ryan Joseph F ,   NISC Comparative Sequencing Program, Mullikin James C , Baxevanis Andreas D , Martindale Mark Q 
Published: October 2010

Abstract

Background
Intercellular signaling pathways are a fundamental component of the integrating cellular behavior required for the evolution of multicellularity. The genomes of three of the four early branching animal phyla (Cnidaria, Placozoa and Porifera) have been surveyed for key components, but not the fourth (Ctenophora). Genomic data from ctenophores could be particularly relevant, as ctenophores have been proposed to be one of the earliest branching metazoan phyla.

Results
A preliminary assembly of the lobate ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi genome generated using next-generation sequencing technologies were searched for components of a developmentally important signaling pathway, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Molecular phylogenetic analysis shows four distinct Wnt ligands (MlWnt6, MlWnt9, MlWntA and MlWntX), and most, but not all components of the receptor and intracellular signaling pathway were detected. In situ hybridization of the four Wnt ligands showed that they are expressed in discrete regions associated with the aboral pole, tentacle apparati and apical organ.

Conclusions
Ctenophores show a minimal (but not obviously simple) complement of Wnt signaling components. Furthermore, it is difficult to compare the Mnemiopsis Wnt expression patterns with those of other metazoans. mRNA expression of Wnt pathway components appears later in development than expected, and zygotic gene expression does not appear to play a role in early axis specification. Notably absent in the Mnemiopsis genome are most major secreted antagonists, which suggests that complex regulation of this secreted signaling pathway probably evolved later in animal evolution.
Neuropathic Pain Features in Patients With Bone Metastases Referred for Palliative Radiotherapy
Authors: Kerba Marc , Wu Jackson S.Y. , Duan Qiuli , Hagen Neil A. , Bennett Michael I. 
Published: October 2010

Purpose To estimate the prevalence of pain with neuropathic features among patients with metastatic bone pain and to assess differences between patients with and without neuropathic features by pain severity, functional interference, and quality-of-life (QOL) measures. Patients and Methods A prospective cross-sectional survey of consecutive patients with symptomatic bone metastases was conducted between December 2006 and March 2008 at a comprehensive cancer center. Patients completed the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), the Self-Reported Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (S-LANSS), and the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30 (EORTC QLQ-C30). Statistical associations between pain with neuropathic features and other measures were explored. Results Ninety-eight patients were enrolled. Seventeen percent of patients (95% CI, 10% to 24%) had positive S-LANSS scores suggesting pain with neuropathic features. Mean worst pain and mean interference scores were 7.2 (standard deviation [SD], 2.0) and 5.8 (SD, 2.5), respectively. EORTC QLQ-C30 global QOL, function, and symptom scores were 42 (SD, 24), 52 (SD, 20), and 46 (SD, 17), respectively. Patients with neuropathic features had a higher BPI worst pain score than patients without neuropathic features (8.3 v 7.0, respectively; P = .016). Corticosteroid use, oral morphine equivalent dosing, and site of bone pain were not associated with neuropathic features. Conclusion Some patients with bone metastases manifest bone pain with distinguishable neuropathic features, and these patients reported greater pain intensity. Additional work is required to validate the S-LANSS against clinical criteria for neuropathic pain in this context and to explore the unmet pain management needs in this population.
Optimizing Collection of Adverse Event Data in Cancer Clinical Trials Supporting Supplemental Indications
Authors: Kaiser Lee D. , Melemed Allen S. , Preston Alaknanda J. , Chaudri Ross Hilary A. , Niedzwiecki Donna , Fyfe Gwendolyn A. , Gough Jacqueline M. , Bushnell William D. , Stephens Cynthia L. , Mace M. Kelsey , Abrams Jeffrey S. , Schilsky Richard L. 
Published: October 2010

Purpose Although much is known about the safety of an anticancer agent at the time of initial marketing approval, sponsors customarily collect comprehensive safety data for studies that support supplemental indications. This adds significant cost and complexity to the study but may not provide useful new information. The main purpose of this analysis was to assess the amount of safety and concomitant medication data collected to determine a more optimal approach in the collection of these data when used in support of supplemental applications. Methods Following a prospectively developed statistical analysis plan, we reanalyzed safety data from eight previously completed prospective randomized trials. Results A total of 107,884 adverse events and 136,608 concomitant medication records were reviewed for the analysis. Of these, four grade 1 to 2 and nine grade 3 and higher events were identified as drug effects that were not included in the previously established safety profiles and could potentially have been missed using subsampling. These events were frequently detected in subsamples of 400 patients or larger. Furthermore, none of the concomitant medication records contributed to labeling changes for the supplemental indications. Conclusion Our study found that applying the optimized methodologic approach, described herein, has a high probability of detecting new drug safety signals. Focusing data collection on signals that cause physicians to modify or discontinue treatment ensures that safety issues of the highest concern for patients and regulators are captured and has significant potential to relieve strain on the clinical trials system.
Making the Immoral Moral: Consensual Unions and Birth Status in Cuban Law and Everyday Practice, 1940–1958
Authors: Arvey Sarah R. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
This article explores the 1940 Cuban Constituent Assembly debates about consensual unions and birth status as legislators created a new legal process called equiparación de matrimonio civil that would grant to citizens in consensual unions the same rights and benefits that legally married citizens enjoyed. Equiparación, if granted, could enable a child born to unmarried parents to change his or her birth status in formal records. While some legislators considered the creation of the new constitution an opportunity to erase existing privileges and protections based upon outdated social and moral hierarchies embedded in Cuban legal structures, others argued that “family” issues had no place in a constitution. The Constituent Assembly’s debates about birth status illuminate how issues concerning sexual propriety and family were intertwined with antidiscrimination efforts during Cuban state formation. Nevertheless, legislators’ lofty ideas about equiparación contrast sharply with ordinary citizens’ attempts to claim their newly extended rights in judicial courts. A comparison of the legislators’ debates and ordinary Cubans’ efforts in the courtrooms to claim equiparación exposes the core contradictions between maintaining discriminatory and disenfranchising social hierarchies and protecting the fundamental equality of citizens during a period of democratic renovation in Cuba in the 1930s and 1940s. On a broader level, this article links the history of the family, law, and state formation to narratives of historical change and the production and reproduction of social hierarchies based upon race, class, and gender in modern Latin America.
Zn2+ Specific Colorimetric Receptor Based on Coumarin
Authors: Upadhyay Kaushal Kumar , Mishra Rakesh Kumar 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
The receptor 1 having coumarin and thiazole as electron-deficient and -rich centers respectively acted as a colorimetric receptor selectively for Zn2+ as its chloride salt in DMSO/aq. DMSO (10:90 v/v) by exhibiting a remarkable bathochromic shifting of 120 nm in its 375 nm UV–visible absorption band. The interaction of receptor 1 with a number of metal ions ranging from s,p to d blocks as their chloride salts indicated the selectivity of the same toward Zn2+. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) along with spectroscopic studies indicated Zn2+ triggered aggregate formation of the receptor 1 as the key step toward sensing.
Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Stilbenoid Dendrimers via Heck Reaction on a Tetraphenylethylene Core
Authors: Roy Priyabrata , Jana Debabrata , Ghorai Binay K 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Two new tetraphenylethylene-cored stilbenoid dendrimers have been efficiently prepared by fourfold Heck reaction with appropriate dendron molecules. The methodology permits highly trans-selective coupling. The optical absorption and emission properties of these systems were studied. The materials display strong emission in the blue region.
Preparation, Crystal Structures, and Spectroscopic and Chemical Properties of 2,4,6-Trifluorophenyl- or 4-(Methoxycarbonyl)phenyl-Substituted (E)-1-(3-Guaiazulenyl)ethylene and (2E,4E)-1-(3-Guaiazulenyl)-1,3-butadiene Derivatives
Authors: Takekuma Shin-ichi , Matsuoka Hiroto , Ogawa Syoutarou , Shibasaki Yasutaka , Minematsu Toshie 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Wittig reactions in general provide a mixture of E and Z geometric isomers, while reactions of 2,4,6-trifluorobenzaldehyde [and (E)-3-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)propanal] with the Wittig reagent (3-guaiazulenyl)triphenylphosphonium bromide in ethanol containing NaOEt at 25 °C for 24 h under argon give only new E (and 2E,4E)-forms selectively, i.e., (E)-1-(3-guaiazulenyl)-2-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)ethylene and (2E,4E)-1-(3-guaiazulenyl)-4-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)-1,3-butadiene. For comparative purposes, Wittig reactions of methyl 4-formylbenzoate, 4-(dimethylamino)benzaldehyde, methyl 4-[(E)-2-formylethenyl]benzoate, and (E)-3-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]propanal: namely, possessing an electron-withdrawing (–COOCH3) {or an electron-donating [–N(CH3)2]} group at the C-4 position of the benzene ring, with (3-guaiazulenyl)triphenylphosphonium bromide in methanol (or ethanol) containing NaOMe (or NaOEt) at 25 °C for 24 h under argon afford a mixture of the corresponding geometric isomers respectively. Along with spectroscopic properties and crystal structures of the isolated products, the chemical behavior of those products toward 1,1,2,2-tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) in benzene at 25 °C for 24 h under argon is reported with a view to comparative study.
Oxidation–Reduction of Maleic Acid Induced by Argon–Hydrogen Plasma-Jet
Authors: Yamakawa Isao , Ito Yoshimi , Munegumi Toratane , Harada Kaoru 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Plasma-jet in aqueous solutions is known to disproportionate water to give hydrogen and hydroxyl radicals. Maleic acid, which is a carbon–carbon double bond bearing dicarboxylic acid, underwent addition of hydrogen, hydrogen plus hydroxyl, hydroxyl species under an argon–hydrogen plasma-jet. Maleic acid (10 mM) yielded 42% succinic acid (dihydrogenated product) under an argon–hydrogen (1.5 and 0.5 L min−1) plasma-jet. This demonstrates an effective reduction method for maleic acid by plasma-jet in aqueous solutions.
Investigation of Protonation Efficiency for Amino Acids in Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization
Authors: Tsuge Masashi , Hoshina Kennosuke 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
MALDI spectra for 20 natural amino acids were measured at various mixing ratios of amino acid (A) and matrix (M: CHCA or DHB) to clarify the main protonation process as well as MALDI plume conditions, which affect the detection sensitivity of analytes in MALDI. Signal intensities of protonated amino acids (AH+) relative to protonated matrix (MH+), obtained as AH+/MH+, revealed a clear correlation between AH+/MH+ and the gas-phase basicity (GB) of the respective amino acids except for three basic amino acids, Lys, His, and Arg. This relationship between AH+/MH+ and GB was interpreted in terms of a protonation model in which AH+ is produced through a reversible proton-transfer reaction of MH+ + A M + AH+ reaching thermal equilibrium in the MALDI plume. The GB of matrix molecules and MALDI plume temperatures independently determined from analysis of the present data (851 kJ mol−1 and 1510 K for CHCA and 830 kJ mol−1 and 1330 K for DHB) agreed well with values in the literature, indicating the validity of the present interpretation. The ratios AH+/MH+ for Lys, His, and Arg had lower values than those expected from the GB by a factor of 10−1–10−2. This discrepancy could have been caused by proton acceptance by amino groups in amino acids, which are caused by an intramolecular hydrogen bond, determine the magnitude of the GB for basic amino acids.
Photochemistry for the Synthesis of Noble Metal Nanoparticles
Authors: Sakamoto Masanori , Majima Tetsuro 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
The synthesis of metal nanoparticles is an interdisciplinary subject that is attracting intense research and development owing to the fundamental scientific value of nanometer-sized metal, as well as the broad range of potential applications of metal nanoparticles. Photochemistry plays an important role in various aspects of this research area. It is a unique tool for synthesizing metal nanoparticles, as well as an important technique for investigating the formation mechanism. Metal nanoparticles formation triggered by photochemical reaction is effective for investigating formation mechanisms. We succeeded in observing the formation of metal nanoparticles and clusters by using spectroscopic methods. In addition, single-molecule fluorescent spectroscopy provided important insights into the photochemical reactivity of metal clusters. This photochemical reactivity offers a promising possibility with regard to metal clusters. We developed strategies for constructing metal nanoparticles using a series of photochemical techniques. In situ photochemical synthesis is an effective method for the fabrication of metal nanoparticles, as well as composite materials. A multicolor excitation-induced photochemical reaction resulted in the reduction of metal ions with a highly negative reduction potential, recyclable photosensitization, and 3-D direct laser writing of metal nanoparticles. These new strategies will expand the possible applications of photochemistry for metal nanoparticles synthesis.
Solubilization of Reduced Graphene in Water through Noncovalent Interaction with Dendrimers
Authors: Yoon Seyoung , In Insik 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Solubilization of reduced graphene is simply attempted through in situ reduction of graphene oxide (GO) solution in the presence of poly(propylene imine) dendrimers G4 or G5 with terminal amine groups through noncovalent interaction. Interestingly, porous graphene film was formed by filtration of these dendrimer-stabilized reduced graphene solutions.
Impact of alcohol consumption on winter sports-related injuries
Authors: Gaudio R M , Barbieri S , Feltracco P , Spaziani F , Alberti M , Delantone M , Trevisiol P , Righini F , Talarico A , Sanchioni R , Spagna A , Pietrantonio V , Zilio G , Valle R Dalla , Vettore G , Montisci M , Bortoluzzi A , Sacco A , Ramacciato G , Pasetti A , Mognato E , Ferronato C , Costola A , Ori C , Avato F M 
Published: October 2010

Introduction This study was carried out to evaluate data about trauma-related winter sports, including risk factors such as high speed, gender, age, alcohol consumption, details about the accident and snow conditions. Methods A retrospective review was conducted to determine the injury patterns and crash circumstances in holiday skiers and snowboarders. The data recorded were obtained from the database of the Pre-Hospital Emergency Registry of six skiing areas in the Dolomite mountains during the winter seasons November 2004–May 2009, injury data for major traumas from Ski Patrol Injury reports (helicopter, ambulance or ski slopes' patrol reports), and intrahospital Emergency Department data. Alcohol concentration in blood was detected in 200 individuals suffering from major trauma. Results A total of 4550 injured patients, predominantly male (69%), mean age 22 years (range 16–72), were included in the observational analysis. Knee, wrist and shoulder injuries were frequently associated with major thoracic, abdominal or head traumas (64% of cases). Suboptimal technical level, high speed, low concentration, snow or weather conditions, faulty equipment and protective devices were among the various causes of accidents. The analysis revealed that high alcohol blood concentration was present in 43% of 200 patients. Conclusions Even though the major causes of accidents were excessive speed, excessive fatigue, technical errors and bad weather conditions, alcohol abuse was often discovered. Random sampling and a non-systematic detection of alcohol blood levels likely led to an underestimation of alcohol consumption-related injuries. It is recommended that investigations into alcoholic intoxication in injured skiers should be carried out on a large scale.
Parricides by mentally disordered offenders in Zimbabwe
Authors: Menezes S B 
Published: October 2010

Aim The aim of this study was to examine the similarities and differences between matricide and patricide committed by mentally disordered offenders in Zimbabwe. Methods A comprehensive, retrospective and national study was carried out of all individuals in Zimbabwe who, between 1980 and 1990 inclusive, were charged with homicide of their biological parents. The data were obtained from a hospital-wide survey, in a written semistructured format. Results The sample size was 39 offenders (34 men, 5 women) and there were 39 victims (20 matricides and 19 patricides). Sons committed 18 patricides and 16 matricides, and daughters committed one patricide and four matricides. The mean age of the offenders was 35 years with a standard deviation of 9.8, and the mean age of the victims was 60 years with a standard deviation of 9.3. Ethnicity of all the offenders and their victims was African. About one-third of the offenders were known to the psychiatric services and the rest were found to be mentally ill at the time of the crime when they were tried in the court of law. Most of the offenders were suffering from a psychotic illness and one offender had a diagnosis of personality disorder. Half of the offenders had been to a traditional healer some time before committing the crime. Most of the offenders used a blunt instrument, 15 used sharp instruments and one woman used strangulation. Firearms were not used in committing parricide. Conclusion The study showed that sons committed most parricides. However, daughters committed matricide more frequently than patricide. Male offenders were 10 years younger than female offenders. In all cases both the offender and victim were African, and lived in the same house in the rural areas of Zimbabwe. Psychosis among the offenders had substantially increased the risk of parricide.
Enhancing the critical apparatus for understanding metanarration: discourse deixis refined
Authors: Macrae Andrea 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
This article explores the deictic functioning of metanarrative expressions in fiction. Current theoretical approaches to metanarration are reviewed, and classifying terminology revised. This critique enables the development of a more nuanced typology of metanarration, exposes the lack of linguistic analysis of the functioning of metanarrative expressions, and indicates the deictic contribution to this functioning. The role of deixis within metanarration is then further explicated. The category of discourse deixis is investigated and refined, and various subtypes of discourse deixis correlated with subtypes of metanarrative expressions. The analytical value of this approach is demonstrated through the study of discourse deixis in metanarrative extracts from Beckett's (Pan Books, 1979 [1959]) The unnameable, Federman's (Fiction Collective, 1976) Take it or leave it and Barth's (Random House, 1988 [1969]) Lost in the funhouse.
A corpus-based approach to mind style
Authors: McIntyre Dan , Archer Dawn 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Fowler's (Linguistics and the novel, Methuen, 1977) original definition of mind style emphasised consistency as a defining feature of the phenomenon, something that is (i) difficult to measure, and (ii) often missed in qualitative analyses. In this paper we investigate how a computational semantic analysis might be used to address this difficulty, with particular reference to McIntyre's (Journal of Literary Semantics 34: 21–40, 2005) analysis of the deviant mind style of the character of Miss Shepherd in Alan Bennett's play The Lady in the Van. To do this we analyse the speech of all the characters in The Lady in the Van using Wmatrix (Rayson, Matrix: A statistical method and software tool for linguistic analysis through corpus comparison, Lancaster University PhD thesis, 2003, Wmatrix: A web-based corpus processing environment, Lancaster University, 2008), to see whether it provides quantitative support for the interpretative conclusions reached by McIntyre. Wmatrix utilises the UCREL Semantic Annotation System (USAS) which has been designed to undertake the automatic semantic analysis of English. The initial tag-set of the USAS system was loosely based on McArthur's Longman Lexicon of Contemporary English (McArthur, Longman, 1981), but has since been considerably revised in the light of practical tagging problems met in the course of previous research, and now contains 232 category labels (such as
medicine and medical treatment, movement, obligation and necessity
, etc.). We use Wmatrix's facility for identifying key semantic domains in pursuit of our two main aims: (i) to determine whether Miss Shepherd's odd mind style is consistent, as Fowler's definition suggests it should be; and (ii) to determine the usefulness of computational semantic analysis for investigating mind style.