bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermo‐mechanical behavior of ball grid packages with different solder ball grid patterns investigated through moiré interferometry
Authors: Joo J. W. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPlastic ball‐grid array (PBGA) package assembly comprises various materials with different thermo‐mechanical properties, and the solder ball‐grid patterns can significantly influence the package deformation and solder ball stress. This study utilizes moiré interferometry to investigate the deformation behavior of wire bonded plastic ball‐grid array (WB‐PBGA) packages under varying temperatures. Real‐time moiré interferometry experiments were conducted to capture fringe patterns representing package deformation at different temperature stages. Experiments were conducted for three different wire bonded plastic ball‐grid array packages with distinct solder ball array configurations: full grid patterns (WB‐PBGA‐FG) and perimeter patterns with/without central connections (WB‐PBGA‐PC/P). The analysis revealed considerable variations in thermal strain distribution and positioning of the critical solder ball within the package assembly, depending on the solder ball‐grid pattern. Among these wire bonded plastic ball‐grid array packages, WB‐PBGA‐P/C exhibited the most substantial bending deformation, experiencing the highest effective strain, which directly impacts solder ball failure. These findings emphasize the importance of solder ball‐grid patterns in understanding the deformation behavior and reliability of WB‐PBGA packages under varying temperature conditions.
Low‐loss compact diplexer based on complementary spiral resonators
Authors: Giannetti Giacomo , Maddio Stefano 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe article describes a novel low‐loss microwave diplexer based on compact planar filtering elements. These are composed of spiral resonators and etched directly onto the signal layer. Furthermore, their design and optimization prove to be easy, and their native high‐pass/low‐pass characteristics are perfectly suited for assembling a diplexer. To verify the claim, a diplexer is designed and fabricated. It operates at 1.9 GHz and 3.5 GHz, and it is intended for personal communications service and 5G applications. The proposed device has an active area of 15.5 mm  19.5 mm. It shows an insertion loss of 0.35 dB and 0.28 dB for the two channels, representing the lowest data reported in the literature for this kind of device and technology. Additionally, the −10 dB‐fractional bandwidths for the lower and upper bandwidths are 40.6% and 20.2%, respectively, and isolation is at least 25 dB for both channels.
A self‐quadruplexing antenna for quad‐band wireless applications
Authors: Gautam Neeraj , Kumar Kundan , Murmu Lakhindar , Mandi Bipin Chandra 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a compact self‐quadruplexing antenna (SQA) designed through the utilization of substrate‐integrated rectangular cavity (SIRC) technology for quad‐band applications. It operates at four distinct frequencies, which are 3.29, 4.27, 5.20, and 5.72 GHz. The antenna's maximum gains were estimated to be 5.09, 6.46, 5.79, and 6.21 dBi at their respective operating frequencies. The proposed antenna has minimum 24.42 dB isolation among the any two resonance frequencies. Moreover, variation in the patch length enables individual control over all resonant frequencies. The proposed antenna exhibits high isolation, compactness, and independent impedance control, making it well‐suited for compact and planar radio frequency systems.
Liquid‐phase NMR of asphaltenes
Authors: Krivdin Leonid B. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe present review focuses on the most recent advances in liquid‐phase NMR of asphaltenes, leaving apart an overwhelming amount of publications dealing with solid‐state NMR investigations in this field. Owing to the complexity of the coal‐derived products, and in particular, asphaltenes, their 1H and 13C NMR spectra consist of a number of overlapping signals belonging to different hydrocarbon types. Comprehensive studies of asphaltenes by means of NMR reveal the characteristic functional groups of their fractions together with the spectral regions in which they resonate. NMR studies of asphaltenes provide a straightforward guideline for their chemical composition and that of the related coal‐derived products.
Clinical phenotypes of adults with monogenic and syndromic genetic obesity
Authors: Welling Mila S. , Mohseni Mostafa , Meeusen Renate E. H. , de Groot Cornelis J. , Boon Mariëtte R. , Kleinendorst Lotte , Visser Jenny A. , van Haelst Mieke M. , van den Akker Erica L. T. , van Rossum Elisabeth F. C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveConsidering limited evidence on diagnostics of genetic obesity in adults, we evaluated phenotypes of adults with genetic obesity. Additionally, we assessed the applicability of Endocrine Society (ES) recommendations for genetic testing in pediatric obesity.MethodsWe compared clinical features, including age of onset of obesity and appetite, between adults with non‐syndromic monogenic obesity (MO), adults with syndromic obesity (SO), and adults with common obesity (CO) as control patients.ResultsA total of 79 adults with genetic obesity (32 with MO, 47 with SO) were compared with 186 control patients with CO. Median BMI was similar among the groups: 41.2, 39.5, and 38.7 kg/m2 for patients with MO, SO, and CO, respectively. Median age of onset of obesity was 3 (IQR: 1–6) years in patients with MO, 9 (IQR: 4–13) years in patients with SO, and 21 (IQR: 13–33) years in patients with CO (p < 0.001). Patients with genetic obesity more often reported increased appetite: 65.6%, 68.1%, and 33.9% in patients with MO, SO, and CO, respectively (p < 0.001). Intellectual deficit and autism spectrum disorder were more prevalent in patients with SO (53.2% and 21.3%) compared with those with MO (3.1% and 6.3%) and CO (both 0.0%). The ES recommendations were fulfilled in 56.3%, 29.8%, and 2.7% of patients with MO, SO, and CO, respectively (p < 0.001).ConclusionsWe found distinct phenotypes in adult genetic obesity. Additionally, we demonstrated low sensitivity for detecting genetic obesity in adults using pediatric ES recommendations, necessitating specific genetic testing recommendations in adult obesity care.
Approach to the Core Structure of Signermycin B
Authors: Pham Khoa Linh , Maier Martin E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAmong the natural tetramic acids with a decalinoyl part, signermycin B is unique because it contains a cis‐decalin. In this paper, we demonstrate that the cis‐decalin section of signermycin B can be accessed by an anionic oxy‐Cope rearrangement. The substrate, a tricyclic dienol was prepared by an intramolecular Diels‐Alder reaction of a masked ortho‐benzoquinone, generated by oxidation of an α‐methoxyphenol in presence of cis‐2‐hexenol. After a superfluous bromine on the cycloadduct was removed, reaction of the tricyclic ketone with isopropenylmagnesium bromide led to the tricyclic trienol that underwent the oxy‐Cope rearrangement to a cis‐decalinone. While we could show, that introduction of the 4‐ethyl substituent (signermycin B numbering) is possible by enolate alkylation, the 4‐epi‐isomer was formed.
Recent advances in polyethylene glycol as a dual‐functional agent in heterocycle synthesis: Solvent and catalyst
Authors: Servesh Anushka , Lokesh Kumar S. , Govindaraju Santhosh , Tabassum Sumaiya , Raj Prasad J. , Kumar Niraj , Ramaraj Sankar Ganesh 
Published: May 2024

AbstractReactant solubility, which dictates achievable concentrations, and the stability of reaction intermediates (excited states), solvents modulate the potential energy landscape and influence reaction rates. Consequently, solvent selection is pivotal in optimizing process productivity, economic feasibility, and environmental footprint. At present, organic synthesis pivots around the idea of sustainability. In particular, PEG‐400, a popular solvent and phase transfer catalyst, is considered greener as it can be reused several times without significant loss in its catalytic activity, which checks the box regarding sustainability. This review highlights the emerging potential of Polyethylene Glycol 400 (PEG‐400) as a dual‐threat agent in sustainable organic synthesis. We explore its efficacy as a catalyst, promoting various reactions under mild conditions and often eliminating the need for traditional metal catalysts. Additionally, PEG‐400's role as a green solvent is addressed, emphasizing its biodegradability, low toxicity, and ability to facilitate reactions without hazardous Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). The review examines recent research on PEG‐400 mediated reactions, showcasing its effectiveness in diverse transformations, thus exploring the potential of PEG 400 as a facilitator for heterocycle synthesis in both multicomponent reactions and stepwise approaches. It identifies exciting research directions that promise to expand the boundaries of polymer‐based solvents in heterocyclic chemistry.
Anaplastic sarcoma of the kidney (DICER1‐sarcoma of the kidney): A report from the International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma/DICER1 Registry
Authors: Schoettler Peter J. , Smith Caroline C. , Nishitani Miki , Harris Anne K. , Nelson Alexander T. , Watson Dave A. , Kamihara Junne , Mullen Elizabeth A. , Hill D. Ashley , Messinger Yoav H. , Fair Douglas B. , Kumar Kiran A. , Dehner Louis P. , Ash Shifra , Chen Kenneth S. , Schultz Kris Ann P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundAnaplastic sarcoma of the kidney (ASK) is a DICER1‐related neoplasm first identified as a distinctive tumor type through the evaluation of unusual cases of putative anaplastic Wilms tumors. Subsequent case reports identified the presence of biallelic DICER1 variants as well as progression from cystic nephroma, a benign DICER1‐related neoplasm. Despite increasing recognition of ASK as a distinct entity, the optimal treatment remains unclear.MethodsIndividuals with known or suspected DICER1‐related tumors including ASK were enrolled in the International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma/DICER1 Registry. Additionally, a comprehensive review of reported cases of ASK was undertaken, and data were aggregated for analysis with the aim to identify prognostic factors and clinical characteristics to guide decisions regarding genetic testing, treatment, and surveillance.ResultsTen cases of ASK were identified in the Registry along with 37 previously published cases. Staging data, per Children's Oncology Group guidelines, was available for 40 patients: 13 were stage I, 12 were stage II, 10 were stage III, and five were stage IV. Outcome data were available for 37 patients. Most (38 of 46) patients received upfront chemotherapy and 14 patients received upfront radiation. Two‐year event‐free survival (EFS) for stage I–II ASK was 81.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 67.2%–99.6%), compared with 46.6% EFS (95% CI: 24.7%–87.8%) for stage III–IV (p = .07). Two‐year overall survival (OS) for stage I–II ASK was 88.9% (95% CI: 75.5%–100.0%), compared with 70.0% (95% CI: 46.7%–100.0%) for stage III–IV (p = .20). Chemotherapy was associated with improved EFS and OS with hazard ratios of 0.09 (95% CI: 0.02–0.31) and 0.08 (95% CI: 0.02–0.42), respectively.ConclusionASK is a rare DICER1‐related renal neoplasm. In the current report, we identify clinical and treatment‐related factors associated with outcome including the importance of chemotherapy in treating ASK. Ongoing data collection and genomic analysis are indicated to optimize outcomes for children and adults with these rare tumors.
An experimental‐based thermal prediction model for butt fusion welding of polymer pipes
Authors: Awadi Walid , Zidi Mondher , Ben Chiekh Maher 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHigh‐density polyethylene (HDPE) is one of the most used thermoplastic materials for piping applications, due to its significant advantages. The butt‐fusion process is the most used joining processes for HDPE welding. During the process, the behavior of the material changes. This behavioral change depends on the applied welding process and on the used parameters. Thermal analysis can be used as a tool to reveal and evaluate the modifications of the physical and mechanical properties. In this study, an experimental program was applied to HDPE to assess the effects of different parameters on the welding process including heating temperature, heating duration and the applied strength. Tests are performed according to a full factorial design of experiment (DOE). Mathematical models derived from experimental data are used to establish relationships between the input parameters, such as force and heating duration and the corresponding outputs such as temperature distribution during the different welding phases and the thickness of the molten polymer. The empirical models can be used to implement a control strategy for the temperature and hence quantify the thickness of the molten zone to improve the quality of the weld joint by selecting the appropriate welding conditions for the molten zone.Highlights
High‐density polyethylene piping butt‐fusion joint examination using Infrared imaging.
Spatial–temporal distribution of temperature for different phases of the welding process.
Mathematical Regression techniques are performed.
Thickness of molten polymer is assessed.
Results are useful for saving material and improvement of the process.
Scaling up laser polishing using a polygon scanner
Authors: Pabst Linda , Ebert Robby , Streek André 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSurface roughness has a significant influence on the performance and appearance of components. By combining a boost laser with ultrafast beam deflection using a polygon scanner, very high processing speeds can be achieved. A 65 % improvement in surface roughness has been achieved on stainless steel, with Sa < 0.1 μm, while the gloss has increased from 130 to 366 GU. As a result, the previously matt surface became reflective, improving the appearance of the material. A real area rate of 156 cm2/s was achieved, comparable with industrial process times.
Wärme in der Quantenwelt
Authors: Winkelmann Clemens B. 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungWärme ist eine ungeordnete Form von Energie und die Grundlage der Thermodynamik. Ganz anders verhalten sich ideale quantenmechanische Systeme – hoch geordnet und kohärent. Trotzdem können beide Sichtweisen vereinbart werden, durch die Quantenthermodynamik. Dieser Artikel beschreibt, wie nichtideale Quantenprozesse bei endlicher Temperatur, also mit Dissipation und Dekohärenz, beschrieben werden können. Aus der Perspektive von Quantenschaltkreisen wird gezeigt, wie Dissipation und Wärmeleitung von Elektronensystemen in der Nähe des absoluten Temperatur‐Nullpunkts experimentell beobachtet werden können. Dabei zeigen sich deutliche Abweichungen vom Wiedemann‐Franz‐Gesetz der klassischen Wärmeleitung in Nanostrukturen. In der Quanteninformationsverarbeitung sorgt die Konversion von Information in Wärme nach dem Landauer‐Prinzip bei jeder logischen Operation für ein unteres Limit der Erwärmung in einem Schaltkreis. Mit fortschreitender Miniaturisierung von Quantenbits stellt sich somit die Frage, welches Limit diese fundamentale Wärmeerzeugung jeweils bei den unterschiedlichen Technologien setzen wird.
Not first‐line antihypertensive agents, but still effective—The efficacy and safety of imidazoline receptor agonists: A network meta‐analysis
Authors: Érszegi András , Viola Réka , Bahar Muh Akbar , Tóth Barbara , Fejes Imola , Vágvölgyi Anna , Csupor Dezső 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCardiovascular disorders are the leading cause of death in the world. Many organ diseases (kidney, heart, and brain) are substantially more prone to develop in people with hypertension. In the treatment of hypertension, first‐line medications are recommended, while imidazoline receptor agonists are not first‐line antihypertensives. Our goal was to conduct a network meta‐analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of imidazoline receptor agonists. The meta‐analysis was performed following the PRISMA guidelines using the PICOS format, considering the CONSORT recommendations. Studies were collected from four databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase. A total of 5960 articles were found. After filtering, 27 studies remained eligible for network meta‐analysis. Moxonidine reduced blood pressure in sitting position statistically significantly after 8 weeks of treatment (SBP MD: 23.80; 95% CI: 17.45–30.15; DBP MD: 10.90; 95% CI: 8.45–13.35) compared to placebo. Moreover, moxonidine reduced blood pressure more effectively than enalapril; however, this difference was not significant (SBP MD: 3.10; 95% CI: −2.60–8.80; DBP MD: 1.30; 95% CI: −1.25–3.85). Dry mouth was experienced as a side effect in the case of all imidazoline receptor agonists. After 8 weeks of treatment, the appearance of dry mouth was highest with clonidine (OR: 9.27 95% CI: 4.70–18.29) and lowest with rilmenidine (OR: 6.46 95% CI: 0.85–49.13) compared to placebo. Somnolence was less frequent with moxonidine compared to rilmenidine (OR: 0.63 95% CI: 0.17–2.31). Imidazoline receptor agonists were nearly as effective as the first‐line drugs in the examined studies. However, their utility as antihypertensives is limited due to their side effects. As a result, they are not first‐line antihypertensives and should not be used in monotherapy. However, in the case of resistant hypertension, they are a viable option. According to our findings, from the point of view of safety and efficacy, moxonidine appears to be the best choice among imidazoline receptor agonists.
Empowering lung cancer treatment: Harnessing the potential of natural phytoconstituent‐loaded nanoparticles
Authors: Siddiquee Taufique , Bhaskaran Navya Ajitkumar , Nathani Khushali , Sawarkar Sujata P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLung cancer, the second leading cause of cancer‐related deaths, accounts for a substantial portion, representing 18.4% of all cancer fatalities. Despite advances in treatment modalities such as chemotherapy, surgery, and immunotherapy, significant challenges persist, including chemoresistance, non‐specific targeting, and adverse effects. Consequently, there is an urgent need for innovative therapeutic approaches to overcome these limitations. Natural compounds, particularly phytoconstituents, have emerged as promising candidates due to their potent anticancer properties and relatively low incidence of adverse effects compared to conventional treatments. However, inherent challenges such as poor solubility, rapid metabolism, and enzymatic degradation hinder their clinical utility. To address these obstacles, researchers have increasingly turned to nanotechnology‐based drug delivery systems (DDS). Nanocarriers offer several advantages, including enhanced drug stability, prolonged circulation time, and targeted delivery to tumor sites, thereby minimizing off‐target effects. By encapsulating phytoconstituents within nanocarriers, researchers aim to optimize their bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy while reducing systemic toxicity. Moreover, the integration of nanotechnology with phytoconstituents allows for a nuanced understanding of the intricate molecular pathways involved in lung cancer pathogenesis. This integrated approach holds promise for modulating key cellular processes implicated in tumor growth and progression. Additionally, by leveraging the synergistic effects of phytoconstituents and nanocarriers, researchers seek to develop tailored therapeutic strategies that maximize efficacy while minimizing adverse effects. In conclusion, the integration of phytoconstituents with nanocarriers represents a promising avenue for advancing lung cancer treatment. This synergistic approach has the potential to revolutionize current therapeutic paradigms by offering targeted, efficient, and minimally toxic interventions. Continued research in this field holds the promise of improving patient outcomes and addressing unmet clinical needs in lung cancer management.
Characterization of spironolactone and metabolites derivatized using Girard's reagent P using mass spectrometry and ion mobility spectrometry
Authors: Jones Stephanie M. , Kirkwood‐Donelson Kaylie I. , Alexander Georgia M. , Perera Lalith , Dudek Serena M. , Jarmusch Alan K. 
Published: May 2024

RationaleSpironolactone is a steroidal drug prescribed for a variety of medical conditions and is extensively metabolized quickly after administration. Measurement of spironolactone and its metabolites remains challenging using mass spectrometry (MS) due to in‐source fragmentation and relatively poor ionization using electrospray ionization. Therefore, improved methods of measurements are needed, particularly in the case of small sample volumes.MethodsGirard's reagent P (GP) derivatization of spironolactone was employed to improve response and provide an MS‐based solution to the measurement of spironolactone and its metabolites. We performed ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionization‐tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS) and ion mobility spectrometry (IMS)–high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) to fully characterize the GP derivatization products. Analytes were studied in positive ionization mode, and MS/MS was performed using nonresonance and resonance excitation collision‐induced dissociation.ResultsWe observed the successful GP derivatization of spironolactone and its metabolites using authentic chemical standards. A signal enhancement of 1–2 orders of magnitude was observed for GP‐derivatized versions of spironolactone and its metabolites. Further, GP derivatization eliminated in‐source fragmentation. Finally, we performed GP derivatization and ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–high‐resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC–HRMS) in a small volume of murine serum (20 μL) from spironolactone‐treated and control animals and observed multiple spironolactone metabolites only in the spironolactone‐treated group.ConclusionsGP derivatization was proven to have advantageous mass spectral performance (e.g., limiting in‐source fragmentation, enhancing signals, and eliminating isobaric analytes) for spironolactone and its metabolites. This work and the detailed characterization using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–HRMS/MS) and IMS serve as the foundation for future developments in reaction optimization and/or quantitative assay development.
Sequential metamodel‐based approaches to level‐set estimation under heteroscedasticity
Authors: Zhang Yutong , Chen Xi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes two sequential metamodel‐based methods for level‐set estimation (LSE) that leverage the uniform bound built on stochastic kriging: predictive variance reduction (PVR) and expected classification improvement (ECI). We show that PVR and ECI possess desirable theoretical performance guarantees and provide closed‐form expressions for their respective sequential sampling criteria to seek the next design point for performing simulation runs, allowing computationally efficient one‐iteration look‐ahead updates. To enhance understanding, we reveal the connection between PVR and ECI's sequential sampling criteria. Additionally, we propose integrating a budget allocation feature with PVR and ECI, which improves computational efficiency and potentially enhances robustness to the impacts of heteroscedasticity. Numerical studies demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed methods compared to state‐of‐the‐art benchmarking approaches when given a fixed simulation budget, highlighting their effectiveness in addressing LSE problems.