bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of water flow and ocean acidification on oxygen and pH gradients in coral boundary layer
Authors: Martins Catarina P. P. , Ziegler Maren , Schubert Patrick , Wilke Thomas , Wall Marlene 
Published: June 2024

AbstractReef-building corals live in highly hydrodynamic environments, where water flow largely controls the complex chemical microenvironments surrounding them—the concentration boundary layer (CBL). The CBL may be key to alleviate ocean acidification (OA) effects on coral colonies by partially isolating them. However, OA effects on coral CBL remain poorly understood, particularly under different flow velocities. Here, we investigated these effects on the reef-building corals Acropora cytherea, Pocillopora verrucosa, and Porites cylindrica. We preconditioned corals to a control (pH 8.0) and OA (pH 7.8) treatment for four months and tested how low flow (2 cm s−1) and moderate flow (6 cm s−1) affected O2 and H+ CBL traits (thickness, surface concentrations, and flux) inside a unidirectional-flow chamber. We found that CBL traits differed between species and flow velocities. Under OA, traits remained generally stable across flows, except surface pH. In all species, the H+ CBL was thin and led to lower surface pH. Still, low flow thickened H+ CBLs and increased light elevation of surface pH. In general, our findings reveal a weak to null OA modulation of the CBL. Moreover, the OA-buffering capacity by the H+ CBL may be limited in coral species, though low flow could enhance CBL sheltering.
Extracellular fluid excess linked to reduced choroidal vascularity index in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Kang Minjae , Oh Jongrok , Kim Min , Byeon Suk Ho , Kim Sung Soo , Shin Joo Youn 
Published: June 2024

AbstractExtracellular fluid (ECF) excess is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study (involving 284 patients with CKD) explored the association between choroidal vascularity index (CVI) and ECF excess. We categorised patients into three groups based on extracellular water/total body water: normal, mildly overhydrated, and severely overhydrated. The more severe ECF status was associated with a lower CVI after adjustment (B = − 0.902, p = 0.001). In non-diabetic patients, both vascular luminal (LA, p < 0.001) and stromal areas (SA, p = 0.003) were significantly reduced in patients with severe ECF excess compared to others, whereas diabetic patients showed no significant differences in LA (p = 0.96) and SA (p = 0.86) based on ECF excess status. These findings suggest that ECF status may influence CVI in patients with CKD, underscoring the need for further research to clarify its direct impact on choroidal changes.
Cytological and molecular characterization of wheat lines carrying leaf rust and stem rust resistance genes Lr24 and Sr24
Authors: Li Jianbo , Guan Haixia , Wang Yuqi , Dong Chongmei , Trethowan Richard , McIntosh Robert A. , Zhang Peng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPrevious studies showed that Australian wheat cultivars Janz and Sunco carry leaf rust and stem rust resistance genes Lr24 and Sr24 derived from Thinopyrum ponticum chromosome arm 3AgL. However, the size of the alien segments carrying Lr24 and Sr24 in the lines were not determined. In this study, we used non-denaturing fluorescence in situ hybridization (ND-FISH), genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), and PCR-based landmark unique gene (PLUG) markers to visualize the alien segments in Janz and Sunco, and further compared them with the segments in US cultivars Agent and Amigo. The fraction length (FL) of the alien translocation in Agent was 0.70–1.00, whereas those in Janz, Sunco, and Amigo were smaller, at FL 0.85–1.00. It was deduced that the alien gene RAg encoding for red grain color and rust resistance genes Lr24 and Sr24 on chromosome arm 3AgL were in bins of FL 0.70–0.85 and 0.85–1.00, respectively. We retrieved and extracted nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) receptor genes corresponding to the region of Lr24 and Sr24 on chromosomes 3E, and 3J, 3Js and 3St from the reference genome sequences of Th. elongatum and Th. intermedium, respectively. A set of molecular markers developed for Lr24 and Sr24 from those extracted NBS-LRR genes will provide valuable information for fine mapping and cloning of these genes.
Effect of indium addition on the electrocatalytic performance of Zn–Al–Inx hydroxide for CO2 reduction to CO
Authors: Sun Ting , Liu Tianxia , Ma Xuejiao , Zhang Yaping 
Published: June 2024

The addition level of indium has a significant impact on the electrocatalytic performance of the catalysts. The Zn–Al–In0.2 hydroxide electrocatalyst CO FE prepared by hydrothermal synthesis can reach 97.56% at −1.1 V vs. RHE.
A determination of the Large Magellanic Cloud dark matter subhalo mass using the Milky Way halo stars in its gravitational wake
Authors: Fushimi K. J. , Mosquera M. E. , Dominguez M. 
Published: June 2024

Aims. Our goal is to study the gravitational effects caused by the passage of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) in its orbit on the stellar halo of the Milky Way.
Methods. We employed Gaia Data Release 3 to construct a halo tracers dataset consisting of K-giant stars and RR-Lyrae variables. Additionally, we compared the data with a theoretical model to estimate the dark matter subhalo mass.
Results. We have improved the characterisation of the local wake and the collective response due to the LMC’s orbit. We have also estimated for the first time the dark subhalo mass of the LMC to be of the order of 1.7 × 1011 M⊙, which is comparable to previously reported values in the literature.
Solar Jet Hunter: A citizen science initiative to identify and characterize coronal jets at 304 Å
Authors: Musset S. , Jol P. , Sankar R. , Alnahari S. , Kapsiak C. , Ostlund E. , Lasko K. , Glesener L. , Fortson L. , Fleishman G. D. , Panesar N. K. , Zhang Y. , Jeunon M. , Hurlburt N. 
Published: June 2024

Context. Solar coronal jets seen in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) are ubiquitous on the Sun, and they have been found in and at the edges of active regions, at the boundaries of coronal holes, and in the quiet Sun. Jets have various shapes, sizes, brightness, velocities, and durations in time, which complicates their detection by automated algorithms. So far, solar jets reported in the Heliophysics Event Knowledgebase (HEK) have been mostly reported by humans looking for them in the data, with different levels of precision regarding their timing and positions.
Aims. We created a catalog of solar jets observed in EUV at 304 Å containing precise and consistent information on the jet timing, position, and extent.
Methods. We designed a citizen science project, Solar Jet Hunter, on the Zooniverse platform, to analyze EUV observations at 304 Å from the Solar Dynamic Observatory/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (SDO/AIA). We created movie strips for regions of the Sun in which jets have been reported in HEK and ask the volunteers to 1) confirm the presence of at least one jet in the data and 2) report the timing, position, and extent of the jet.
Results. We report here the design of the project and the results obtained after the analysis of data from 2011 to 2016. We note that 365 “coronal jet” events from HEK served as input for the citizen science project, equivalent to more than 120 000 images distributed into 9689 “movie strips”. Classification by the citizen scientists resulted in 883 individual jets being identified.
Conclusions. We demonstrate how citizen science can enhance the analysis of solar data with the example of Solar Jet Hunter. The catalog of jets thusly created is publicly available and will enable statistical studies of jets and related phenomena. This catalog will also be used as a training set for machines to learn to recognize jets in further datasets.
Spectral characterisation of the extinction properties of NGC 3603 using JWST NIRSpec
Authors: Rogers Ciarán , Brandl Bernhard , De Marchi Guido 
Published: June 2024

Context. A necessary ingredient in understanding the star formation history of a young cluster is knowledge of the extinction towards the region. This has typically been done by making use of the colour-difference method with photometry, or similar methods utilising the colour-colour diagram. These approaches rely on adopting an extinction law with a given total-to-selective extinction ratio R(V), or determining a value of R(V) through empirical relationships. They also rely upon accurate spectral classification, reliable stellar isochrones, and separating field stars from genuine cluster members.
Aims. The colour excess E(B − V) can be independently determined by studying the decrements of the recombination lines produced by the nebular gas. Having access to many recombination lines from the same spectral series removes the need of adopting an extinction curve. Rather, different extinction curves can be trialled and the most appropriate one selected based on a minimum χ2 procedure.
Methods. Using the Micro-Shutter Assembly (MSA) on board the Near InfraRed Spectrograph (NIRSpec), multi-object spectroscopy was performed, yielding 600 nebular spectra from the Galactic massive star formation region NGC 3603. The recombination line intensity ratios were used to determine independent values of E(B − V). A series of extinction curves were trialled ranging from R(V) = 2 to R(V) = 8. The appropriate value of R(V) was adopted based on the minimum χ2 procedure.
Results. The extinction characteristics of NGC 3603 are similar to other Galactic HII regions like Orion, as well as starburst regions such 30 Doradus in the Large Magellanic Cloud, in that we find a relatively large value of R(V) = 4.8 ± 1.06, larger than the Galactic average of 3.1. We find a typical value of E(B − V) = 0.64 ± 0.27, significantly lower than values determined in previous studies. We also present a stacked nebular spectrum with a typical continuum signal-to-noise (S/N) = 70. This spectrum highlights the recombination lines of the HII region, several s-process elements such as Kr III and Se IV, and molecular H2 emission lines. This high S/N spectrum can act as a helpful template for identifying nebular emission lines.
Conclusions. Using ratios of hydrogen recombination lines, we calculated the value of R(V), E(B − V) and A(V) for > 200 lines of sight across NGC 3603. An extinction curve with a typical value R(V) = 4.8 ± 1.06 is required to explain the colour excess observed in the nebular spectra. This corresponds to a typical E(B − V) = 0.64 ± 0.27. This is significantly lower than what has been found in previous extinction studies of NGC 3603.
Kelvin-Helmholtz instability and heating in oscillating loops perturbed by power-law transverse wave drivers
Authors: Karampelas Konstantinos , Van Doorsselaere Tom , Guo Mingzhe , Duckenfield Timothy , Pelouze Gabriel 
Published: June 2024

Context. Instabilities in oscillating loops are believed to be essential for dissipating the wave energy and heating the solar coronal plasma.
Aims. Our aim is to study the development of the Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) instability in an oscillating loop that is driven by random footpoint motions.
Methods. Using the PLUTO code, we performed 3D simulations of a straight gravitationally stratified flux tube. The loop footpoints are embedded in chromospheric plasma, in the presence of thermal conduction and an artificially broadened transition region. Using drivers with a power-law spectrum, one with a red noise spectrum and one with the low-frequency part subtracted, we excited standing oscillations and the KH instability in our loops, after one-and-a-half periods of the oscillation.
Results. We see that our broadband drivers lead to fully deformed, turbulent loop cross-sections over the entire coronal part of the loop due to the spatially extended KH instability. The low RMS velocity of our driver without the low-frequency components supports the working hypothesis that the KH instability can easily manifest in oscillating coronal loops. We report for the first time in driven transverse oscillations of loops the apparent propagation of density perturbations due to the onset of the KH instability, from the apex towards the footpoints. Both drivers input sufficient energy to drive enthalpy and mass flux fluctuations along the loop, while also causing heating near the driven footpoint of the oscillating loop, which becomes more prominent when a low-frequency component is included in the velocity driver. Finally, our power-law driver with the low-frequency component provides a RMS input Poynting flux of the same order as the radiative losses of the quiet-Sun corona, giving us promising prospects for the contribution of decayless oscillations in coronal heating.
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs
Authors: von Stauffenberg A. , Trifonov T. , Quirrenbach A. , Reffert S. , Kaminski A. , Dreizler S. , Ribas I. , Reiners A. , Kürster M. , Twicken J. D. , Rapetti D. , Caballero J. A. , Amado P. J. , Béjar V. J. S. , Cifuentes C. , Góngora S. , Hatzes A. P. , Henning Th. , Montes D. , Morales J. C. , Schweitzer A. 
Published: June 2024

Context. GJ 581 is a nearby M dwarf known to host a packed multiple planet system composed of two super-Earths and a Neptune-mass planet. We present new orbital analyses of the GJ 581 system, utilizing recent radial velocity (RV) data obtained from the CARMENES spectrograph combined with newly reprocessed archival data from the HARPS and HIRES spectrographs.
Aims. Our aim was to analyze the post-discovery spectroscopic data of GJ581, which were obtained with CARMENES. In addition, we used publicly available HIRES and HARPS spectroscopic data to seek evidence of the known and disputed exoplanets in this system. We aimed to investigate the stellar activity of GJ 581 and update the planetary system’s orbital parameters using state-of-the-art numerical models and techniques.
Methods. We performed a periodogram analysis of the available precise CARMENES, HIRES, and HARPS RVs and of stellar activity indicators. We conducted detailed orbital analyses by testing various orbital configurations consistent with the RV data. We studied the posterior probability distribution of the parameters fit to the data and we explored the long-term stability and overall orbital dynamics of the GJ 581 system.
Results. We refined the orbital parameters of the GJ 581 system using the most precise and complete set of Doppler data available. Consistent with the existing literature, our analysis confirms that the system is unequivocally composed of only three planets detectable in the present data, dismissing the putative planet GJ 581 d as an artifact of stellar activity. Our N-body fit reveals that the system’s inclination is i = 47.0−13.0+14.6 deg, which implies that the planets could be up to 30% more massive than their previously reported minimum masses. Furthermore, we report that the GJ 581 system exhibits long-term stability, as indicated by the posterior probability distribution, characterized by secular dynamical interactions without the involvement of mean motion resonances.
Deriving physical parameters of unresolved star clusters
Authors: Daugevičius Karolis , Kriščiūnas Eimantas , Cicėnas Erikas , Stonkutė Rima , Vansevičius Vladas 
Published: June 2024

Context.Recently, it has been noticed that the discrepancies in the integrated colour indices (CIs) between star clusters and models are mostly due to the projection of bright stars in the apertures. In order to reduce this problem, the method of adaptive aperture photometry has been proposed. This method has been applied to star clusters from theM 31PanchromaticHubbleAndromeda Treasury (PHAT) survey, and studies show that the adaptive aperture photometry performs better than the conventional approach.Aims.The aim of this study is to determine the best achievable limits on the accuracy and applicability of the aperture photometry method for studying star clusters in the local Universe.Methods.We computed a large network of artificial 3D star clusters spanning the parameter space of theM 31clusters. We then simulated images of these clusters by projecting each onto a 2D plane from 100 directions. Star cluster images were generated in six passbands to match the PHAT survey. To investigate the limiting accuracy of aperture photometry and the limits of its applicability to star cluster studies, we measured the simulated images and performed parameter determination tests.Results.We demonstrate that star clusters with and without post-main-sequence stars have significant photometric differences. We show that in order to obtain reliable physical parameters of star clusters, the CIs must be measured using an aperture with a radius larger than the cluster’s half-light radius. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the parameter determination of young clusters (∼10 Myr) is problematic regardless of the aperture size used. Therefore, it is advisable to determine the parameters of these clusters using colour-magnitude diagram fitting methods, when possible. We also show that the randomness of the viewing angle can lead to a CI uncertainty of up to 0.1 mag, depending on cluster parameters and aperture size.
Barium stars as tracers of s-process nucleosynthesis in AGB stars
Authors: Világos B. , Cseh B. , Yagüe López A. , Joyce M. , Karakas A. , Tagliente G. , Lugaro M. 
Published: June 2024

Context. Barium (Ba) stars help to verify asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star nucleosynthesis models since they experienced pollution from an AGB binary companion and thus their spectra carry the signatures of the slow neutron capture process (s process).
Aims. For a large number (180) of Ba stars, we searched for AGB stellar models that match the observed abundance patterns. We aim to uncover any systematic deviations of the sample abundances from the predictions of the nucleosynthesis models.
Methods. We employed three machine learning algorithms as classifiers: a Random Forest method, developed for this work, and the two classifiers used in our previous study. Compared to that work, we also expanded our observational sample with 11 Ba stars available in the supersolar metallicity range. We studied the statistical behaviour of the different s-process elements in the observational sample to investigate if the AGB models systematically under- or overpredict the abundances observed in the Ba stars and show the results in the form of violin plots of the residuals between spectroscopic abundances and model predictions. We inspected the correlations between the observed [Fe/H], the s-process elemental abundances, and the residuals. We employed the [Zr/Fe] and [Nb/Fe] abundances as a thermometer to constrain the operational temperature that rules the production of these elements in the sample stars, assuming a steady-state s process. We also investigated the mass distribution of the identified polluter AGB stars and the behaviour of the δ parameter, which describes the fraction of accreted AGB material relative to the Ba star envelope.
Results. We find a significant trend in the residuals that implies an underproduction of the elements just after the first s-process peak (Nb, Mo, and Ru) in the models relative to the observations. This may originate from a neutron-capture process (e.g. the intermediate neutron-capture process, i process) not yet included in the AGB models of metallicity from solar to roughly 1/5 solar, corresponding to the range of the Ba stars. Correlations are found between the residuals of these peculiar elements, suggesting a common origin for the deviations from the models. In addition, there is a weak metallicity dependence of the residuals of these elements. The s-process temperatures derived with the [Zr/Fe] – [Nb/Fe] thermometer have an unrealistic value for the majority of our stars. The most likely explanation is that at least a fraction of these elements are not produced in a steady-state s process, and instead may be due to processes not included in the AGB models. The mass distribution of the identified models confirms that our sample of Ba stars was polluted by low-mass AGB stars (< 4 M⊙). Most of the matching AGB models require low accreted mass, but a few systems with high accreted mass are needed to explain the observations.
Role of Membranous Septum in the Alar–Columellar Relationship: Strategies in Closed-Approach Rhinoplasty
Authors: Erdal Ayhan Işık , İsmail Bilge Kaan , Şibar Serhat 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA normal alar–columellar relationship is crucial for lower third finesse in rhinoplasty. Hanging columella is a common complaint in the alar–columellar relationship and membranous septum excision is frequently recommended for its correction. This paper focuses on the role of the membranous septum in achieving a normal alar–columellar relationship. It was aimed to present an algorithm that could be used for aberrancies in the alar–columellar relationship.Ninety-seven patients who underwent closed-approach rhinoplasty between January and December 2022 were included in this retrospective study. Routine tip plasty maneuvers were performed on all patients. Membrane septum excision was not performed in any of the cases. Standardized preoperative and postoperative 12-month lateral view photographs were scanned for hanging or retracted columella.Hanging columella was observed in seven patients preoperatively (n = 97). No hanging or retracted columella was observed postoperatively.Hanging columella can be successfully corrected with alternative surgical maneuvers without excision of the membranous septum in closed-approach rhinoplasty in appropriate cases. Complete preservation of the membranous septum does not cause hanging columella in the postoperative period.
Kinetics of Immune Cell Mobilization during Acute Aerobic Exercise in
Healthy Adults
Authors: Adammek Frederike , Wences Chirino Tiffany Y. , Walzik David , Trebing Sina , Belen Sergen , Renpening Daniel , Zimmer Philipp , Joisten Niklas 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWhile pre-post differences in immune cell mobilization after acute aerobic
exercise are well investigated, less is known about when and to what extent
immune cells are mobilized during acute aerobic exercise. This experimental
trial aimed to investigate the detailed kinetics of circulating immune cells in
twelve healthy adults (n=6 females) who completed a 40-min aerobic exercise bout
at 60% of the participantsʼ V̇O2peak on a bicycle ergometer. Cellular
inflammation markers and sex-dependent differences in circulating immune cells
were analyzed. Blood samples were taken immediately before, after warm-up,
during exercise after 5 min, 10 min, 15 min, 30 min, 40 min (cessation), and
60 min post exercise. Significant increases in leukocytes (p<0.001),
lymphocytes (p<0.001), neutrophils (p=0.003) and platelets (p=0.047) can be
observed after 5 min of exercise. The cellular inflammation markers show
significant alterations only post exercise. Significant sex differences were
observed for neutrophils (p=0.049) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (p=0.007)
one hour post exercise. These results indicate that i) leukocytes are already
mobilized after 5 min of moderate-to-vigorous aerobic exercise, ii) the
magnitude of exercise induced leukocyte mobilization is dependent on exercise
duration, iii) integrative cellular inflammation markers are only altered after
exercise cessation, and iv) the observed effects might be sex-dependent.