bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paradoxes in Advance Care Planning: The Complex Relationship of Oncology Patients, Their Physicians, and Advance Medical Directives
Authors: Dow Lindsay A. , Matsuyama Robin K. , Ramakrishnan V. , Kuhn Laura , Lamont Elizabeth B. , Lyckholm Laurel , Smith Thomas J. 
Published: November 2009

Purpose Many seriously ill patients with cancer do not discuss prognosis or advance directives (ADs), which may lead to inappropriate and/or unwanted aggressive care at the end of life. Ten years ago, patients with cancer said they would not like to discuss ADs with their oncologist but would be willing to discuss them with an admitting physician. We assessed whether this point of view still held. Patients and Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 75 consecutively admitted patients with cancer in the cancer inpatient service. Results Of those enrolled, 41% (31 of 75) had an AD. Nearly all (87%, 65 of 75) thought it acceptable to discuss ADs with the admitting physician with whom they had no prior relationship, and 95% (62 of 65) thought that discussing AD issues was very or somewhat important. Only 7% (5 of 75) had discussed ADs with their oncologist, and only 23% (16 of 70) would like to discuss ADs with their oncologist. When specifically asked which physician they would choose, 48% (36 of 75) of patients would prefer their oncologist, and 35% (26 of 75) would prefer their primary care physician. Conclusion Fewer than half of seriously ill patients with cancer admitted to an oncology service have an AD. Only 23% (16 of 70) would like to discuss their ADs with their oncologist but nearly all supported a policy of discussing ADs with their admitting physician. However, fully 48% (36 of 75) actually preferred to discuss advance directives with their oncologist if AD discussion was necessary. We must educate patients on why communicating their ADs is beneficial and train primary care physicians, house staff, hospitalists, and oncologists to initiate these difficult discussions.
Formation of Anhydroglucose in Ionic Liquids by Microwave Heating—Temperature and Chloride Ion Effects—
Authors: Satoh Hiroe , Kaga Harumi , Kakuchi Toyoji , Satoh Toshifumi , Takahashi Kenji 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
It is found that the dehydration of glucose to anhydroglucose, such as 1,6-anhydro-β-d-glucopyranose and 1,6-anhydro-β-d-glucofuranose, proceeds very effectively in hydrophobic ionic liquids, for example ionic liquid N,N-diethyl-N-(2-methoxyethyl)-N-methylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide, without any catalysts at high temperature. On the other hand, addition of a small amount of an ionic liquid with chloride anion reduces the yield of the anhydroglucose significantly.
Tantalum-based Compounds Prepared by Reactive Sputtering as a New Non-platinum Cathode for PEFC
Authors: Kikuchi Akifumi , Ishihara Akimitsu , Matsuzawa Koichi , Mitsushima Shigenori , Ota Ken-ichiro 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Tantalum-based compounds prepared by reactive sputtering with heating were evaluated as novel non-platinum cathodes for polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Effects of species of target, TaC and TaN, and the oxygen partial pressure on catalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) were investigated. We found that TaC target was more useful than TaN to prepare specimens with high ORR activity. In addition, the existence of an appropriate amount of O2 was needed with the TaC target to obtain superior catalytic activity for the ORR. XRD and TOF-SIMS analysis suggested that crystalline structure of TaON (monoclinic) and carbon on the surface might affect the catalytic activity for the ORR.
Effects of Alkyl Length in Ligands in Mixed Valence MMX Complexes: Properties of Pt2(n-HexCS2)4I (n-Hex = n-Hexyl Group)
Authors: Ikeuchi Satoaki , Yamamura Yasuhisa , Mitsumi Minoru , Toriumi Koshiro , Saitoh Hideki , Atake Tooru , Saito Kazuya 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
The title compound newly synthesized shows a quite different physical properties from similar compounds having shorter alkyl chains in alkyl dithiocarboxylato ligands. This finding demonstrates an important role of ligands and their dynamics in designing physical properties of inorganic complexes.
Demonstrations of NMR Quantum Information Processing Utilizing 31P Nuclei of Phosphorus Heterocycles
Authors: Ito Shigekazu , Momozaki Taro , Kishimoto Yuta , Abe Jiro , Iwahori Fumiyasu 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
31P NMR data of a 1,4-diphosphafulvene (alkylidene-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,3-diphosphole) and a 3,4-dihydro-1,3,4-triphosphacyclopenta[a]indene, bearing two or three chemically inequivalent phosphorus nuclei, were promising to be applicable for solution 31P NMR quantum information processing, and demonstrations including implementation of the Deutsch–Jozsa algorithm with 31P nuclei were examined.
Synthesis and Structure of a Hydrido(hydrogermylene)tungsten Complex and Its Reactions with Nitriles and Ketones
Authors: Hashimoto Hisako , Tsubota Takeshi , Fukuda Tetsuya , Tobita Hiromi 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
A neutral germylene tungsten complex with W–H and Ge–H bonds was prepared by the reaction of an acetonitrile(methyl)tungsten complex with trihydrogermane at room temperature. X-ray crystal structure analysis and IR study revealed that there is a weak but significant interligand interaction between the germylene and hydrido ligands. The germylene complex reacted with nitriles and ketones to give hydrogermylation products in high yields.
Electron Transfer from Hydrophobic Porphyrin to Hydrophilic Viologen via the Photoexcited Singlet State in Water
Authors: Asakura Noriyuki , Goto Ryohei , Kamachi Toshiaki , Okura Ichiro 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Viologen-linked porphyrins are a typical compound for photoinduced electron-transfer models via the photoexcited singlet state. The singlet-state electron transfer, however, does not occur in water, because solvent cage formation, which is motion of solvent molecules during electron transfer, is slow in the case of water. In order to boost the solvent cage formation of water and achieve the electron transfer via the singlet state in water, viologen-linked hydrophobic porphyrin was prepared.
An Approach to 12-V Lead-free Batteries: High Temperature 3600-cycle Examinations on a 2.5-V LTO/LAMO Battery
Authors: Ohzuku Tsutomu , Imazaki Mitsuyasu , Tsukamoto Naoya , Ariyoshi Kingo 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
A 2.5-V battery consisting of lithium titanium oxide (LTO) and lithium aluminum manganese oxide (LAMO) having spinel-framework structures was examined from 1 to 3 V at 55 °C. After several trials on capacity retention at high temperatures, we have succeeded to show that the rechargeable capacity is retained at greater than 80% even after 3600 cycles at 55 °C by applying cellulose nonwoven cloth as a separator, satisfying requirement for 12-V automobile applications.
Platinum(II)-catalyzed Acetal–Ene Reaction: Easy Access to Homoallylic Ethers
Authors: Miura Katsukiyo , Izumi Hiroyuki , Kinoshita Hidenori , Ichikawa Junji , Hosomi Akira 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Catalytic use of PtCl2 and AgX (X=OTf and SbF6) has been found to effectively promote the intermolecular ene reaction of acetals and the tandem acetalization–ene reaction of aldehydes under solvent-free conditions.
Role of chemerin/CMKLR1 signaling in adipogenesis and osteoblastogenesis of bone marrow stem cells
Authors: Muruganandan Shanmugam , Roman Alexandra A , Sinal Christopher J 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Maintenance of healthy bone mass requires a well-coordinated balance between the ongoing processes of bone formation and bone resorption. Bone-forming osteoblasts derive from resident adult stem cells within bone marrow called bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). These BMSCs are multipotent and also can give rise to adipocytes, which do not contribute directly to bone formation but may influence bone remodeling through the release of bioactive signaling molecules. Chemerin is a novel adipocyte-derived signaling molecule that promotes adipocyte differentiation. In this study we examined the role of chemerin and the cognate receptors CMKLR1 and CCRL2 as determinants of osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation of the preosteoblast 7F2 cell line and of primary BMSCs. Expression and secretion of chemerin increased dramatically with adipocyte differentiation of these cells. Functionally, knockdown of chemerin or CMKLR1 expression using RNA interference abrogated adipocyte differentiation, clonal expansion, and basal proliferation of BMSCs. In contrast, knockdown of either gene was associated with increased osteoblast marker gene expression and mineralization in response to osteoblastogenic stimuli. Forced expression of the adipogenic transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) induced chemerin expression and partially rescued the loss of adipogenesis associated with chemerin or CMKLR1 knockdown in BMSCs. Taken together, these data support a novel role for chemerin/CMKLR1 signaling in regulating adipogenesis and osteoblastogenesis of bone marrow–derived precursor cells. These data reveal a potential role for this signaling pathway as a modulator of bone mass. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Relationship between genotype and skeletal phenotype in children and adolescents with osteogenesis imperfecta
Authors: Rauch Frank , Lalic Liljana , Roughley Peter , Glorieux Francis H 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heritable bone fragility disorder that in the majority of cases is caused by mutations in COL1A1 or COL1A2, the genes that encode the two collagen type I α chains, α1(I) and α2(I). In this study, we examined the relationship between collagen type I mutations and bone densitometric and histomorphometric findings in pediatric OI patients who had not received bisphosphonate treatment. Lumbar spine areal bone mineral density (LS aBMD) was measured in 192 patients (99 girls, 93 boys; age range 3 weeks to 16.9 years) who had either COL1A1 mutations leading to haploinsufficiency (n = 52) or mutations that lead to the substitution of glycine by another amino acid in the triple-helical domain of either the α1(I) (n = 58) or the α2(I) chain (n = 82). Compared with patients with helical mutations, patients with COL1A1 haploinsufficiency on average were taller and heavier and had higher LS aBMD. After adjustment for age, sex, and height Z-scores, the mean LS aBMD Z-scores were −4.0 for the haploinsufficiency group and −4.7 for both helical mutation groups. In the whole patient population, the average LS aBMD Z-score was higher by 0.6 (95% confidence interval 0.2–1.0) in girls than in boys. Iliac bone histomorphometry (in a subgroup of 96 patients) showed that outer bone size (core width) and trabecular bone volume were similar between genotypic groups, but cortical width was 49% higher in the haploinsufficiency group compared with patients with helical mutations in α2(I). Bone turnover parameters were lower in the haploinsufficiency group than in patients with helical mutations. In the group of patients with helical mutations, neither the type of α chain affected, nor the type of amino acid substituting for glycine, nor the position of the mutation in the α chain had a detectable relationship with LS aBMD or histomorphometric results. Thus patients with haploinsufficiency mutations had a milder skeletal phenotype than patients with mutations affecting glycine residues, but there was no clear genotype-phenotype correlation among patients with helical glycine mutations. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Small-Strain Shear Modulus and Strength Increase of Cement-Treated Clay
Authors: Flores R. D. Verástegui , Di Emidio G. , Van Impe W. F. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA simple nondestructive technique was used as an alternative method to monitor the hardening of cement-treated clay as a function of time. The principle of this monitoring technique is based on the use of bender elements to measure the small-strain shear modulus (G0) at various time intervals. The strength increase was monitored by conventional unconfined compression testing. Experimental work was carried out on Kaolin clay treated with Portland cement and blast furnace slag cement at different dosages. The results showed that G0, as well as strength, of cement-treated samples increases logarithmically with time. However, blast furnace slag cement produces a slower hardening rate early after mixing. It was found that for each binder type, the G0 increase and the strength increase, when normalized, follow a common trend. Such a hardening function may be used as the basis of a strength prediction rule. The functions obtained are in good agreement with data on other cement-treated inorganic clays published in the literature.
A Robust Installation for Brick-Mold Windows and Doors Using Self-Adhered Flashing
Authors: Conlon Jessica S. , O’Rourke Barbara K. , Katsaros James D. , Weston Theresa A. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Current standardized practices for window and door installation methodologies are typically based on fenestration products that feature integral flanges that form a continuous surface to mount and integrate the fenestration product to the water resistive barrier (WRB)/drainage plane of the wall. While these types of units form the majority of fenestration products available, there are several “non-integral” flange type systems that are also utilized in the construction industry. These include “brick-mold” windows and doors, field-applied flange windows, and non-flanged “box” windows. Due to the discontinuity between the mounting system and the window frame, these types of fenestration systems pose special challenges to achieve a robust, continuous, and water-resistant integration between the fenestration product and the wall, which is not adequately addressed by ASTM E2112, “Standard Practice for Installation of Exterior Windows, Doors, and Skylights” or other standardized methods. The paper describes an installation method for windows and doors with factory-applied brick-mold exterior casings and presents the performance characteristics in laboratory testing of units installed using the method.
Cardiac dysfunction is reversed upon successful treatment of Cushing's syndrome
Authors: Pereira Alberto M , Delgado Victoria , Romijn Johannes A , Smit Johannes W A , Bax Jeroen J , Feelders Richard A 
Published: November 2009

ObjectiveIn patients with active Cushing's syndrome (CS), cardiac structural and functional changes have been described in a limited number of patients. It is unknown whether these changes reverse after successful treatment. We therefore evaluated the changes in cardiac structure and dysfunction after successful treatment of CS, using more sensitive echocardiographic parameters (based on two-dimensional strain imaging) to detect subtle changes in cardiac structure and function.MethodsIn a prospective study design, we studied 15 consecutive CS patients and 30 controls (matched for age, sex, body surface area, hypertension, and left ventricular (LV) systolic function). Multidirectional LV strain was evaluated by two-dimensional speckle tracking strain imaging. Systolic (radial thickening, and circumferential and longitudinal shortening) and diastolic (longitudinal strain rate at the isovolumetric relaxation time (SRIVRT)) parameters were measured.ResultsAt baseline, CS patients had similar LV diameters but had significantly more LV hypertrophy and impaired LV diastolic function, compared to controls. In addition, CS patients showed impaired LV shortening in the circumferential (−16.5±3.5 vs −19.7±3.4%, P=0.013) and longitudinal (−15.9±1.9 vs −20.1±2.3%, P<0.001) directions and decreased SRIVRT (0.3±0.15 vs 0.4±0.2/ s, P=0.012) compared to controls. After normalization of corticosteroid excess, LV structural abnormalities reversed, LV circumferential and longitudinal shortening occurred, and SRIVRT normalized.ConclusionCS induces not only LV hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction but also subclinical LV systolic dysfunction, which reverses upon normalization of corticosteroid excess.
Coalescent Simulation of Intracodon Recombination
Authors: Arenas Miguel , Posada David 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
The coalescent with recombination is a very useful tool in molecular population genetics. Under this framework, genealogies often represent the evolution of the substitution unit, and because of this, the few coalescent algorithms implemented for the simulation of coding sequences force recombination to occur only between codons. However, it is clear that recombination is expected to occur most often within codons. Here we have developed an algorithm that can evolve coding sequences under an ancestral recombination graph that represents the genealogies at each nucleotide site, thereby allowing for intracodon recombination. The algorithm is a modification of Hudson's coalescent in which, in addition to keeping track of events occurring in the ancestral material that reaches the sample, we need to keep track of events occurring in ancestral material that does not reach the sample but that is produced by intracodon recombination. We are able to show that at typical substitution rates the number of nonsynonymous changes induced by intracodon recombination is small and that intracodon recombination does not generally result in inflated estimates of the overall nonsynonymous/synonymous substitution ratio (ω). On the other hand, recombination can bias the estimation of ω at particular codons, resulting in apparent rate variation among sites and in the spurious identification of positively selected sites. Importantly, in this case, allowing for variable synonymous rates across sites greatly reduces the false-positive rate and recovers statistical power. Finally, coalescent simulations with intracodon recombination could be used to better represent the evolution of nuclear coding genes or fast-evolving pathogens such as HIV-1.We have implemented this algorithm in a computer program called NetRecodon, freely available at http://darwin.uvigo.es.
Ploidy and the Evolution of Endosperm of Flowering Plants
Authors: Cailleau Aurélie , Cheptou Pierre-Olivier , Lenormand Thomas 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn angiosperms, spermatozoa go by pair in each pollen grain and fertilize, in addition to the egg cell, one of its sister cells, called the central cell. This “double fertilization” leads to the embryo on the one hand and to its nutritive tissue, the endosperm, on the other hand. In addition, in most flowering plants, the endosperm is triploid because of a doubled maternal genetic contribution in the central cell. Most of the hypotheses trying to explain these eccentricities rest on the assumption of a male/female conflict over seed resource allocation. We investigate an alternative hypothesis on the basis of the masking of deleterious alleles. Using analytical methods, we show that a doubled maternal contribution and double fertilization tend to be favored in a wide range of conditions when deleterious mutations alter the function of the endosperm. Furthermore, we show that these conditions vary depending on whether these traits are under male or female control, which allows us to describe a new type of male/female conflict.
Transition to Adult Care for Youths With Diabetes Mellitus: Findings From a Universal Health Care System
Authors: Nakhla Meranda , Daneman Denis , To Teresa , Paradis Gilles , Guttmann Astrid 
Published: November 2009

OBJECTIVES: The goals were (1) to describe rates of diabetes mellitus (DM)-related hospitalizations and retinopathy screening before and after transition to adult care and (2) to test whether different methods of transfer of care were associated with improved outcomes.
METHODS: In a retrospective cohort study, we included 1507 young adults with DM of ≥5-year duration and tracked these patients until 20 years of age.
RESULTS: DM-related hospitalization rates increased from 7.6 to 9.5 cases per 100 patient-years in the 2 years after transition to adult care (P = .03). Previous DM-related hospitalizations, lower income, female gender, and living in areas with low physician supply were associated with higher admission rates. With controlling for all other factors, individuals who were transferred to a new allied health care team with no change in physician were 77% less likely (relative risk: 0.23 [95% confidence interval: 0.05–0.79]) to be hospitalized after the transition than were those transferred to a new physician with either a new or no allied health care team. The rates of eye examinations were stable across the transition to adult care (72% vs 70%; P = .06). Female patients, patients with higher income, and patients with previous eye care were more likely to have an eye care visit after transfer.
CONCLUSIONS: During the transition to adult health care, there is increased risk of DM-related hospitalizations, although this may be attenuated in youths for whom there is physician continuity. Eye care visits were not related to transition; however, rates were below evidence-based guideline recommendations.
Prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Female Adolescents Aged 14 to 19 in the United States
Authors: Forhan Sara E. , Gottlieb Sami L. , Sternberg Maya R. , Xu Fujie , Datta S. Deblina , McQuillan Geraldine M. , Berman Stuart M. , Markowitz Lauri E. 
Published: November 2009

OBJECTIVE: Most young women initiate sexual activity during adolescence; risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) accompanies this initiation. In this study we estimated the prevalence of the most common STIs among a representative sample of female adolescents in the United States.
METHODS: Data were analyzed from 838 females who were aged 14 to 19 and participating in the nationally representative National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2004. After interview and examination, survey participants provided biological specimens for laboratory testing. The main outcome was weighted prevalence of at least 1 of 5 STIs: Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, herpes simplex virus type 2, and human papillomavirus (HPV) (any of 23 high-risk types or type 6 or 11).
RESULTS: Prevalence of any of the 5 STIs was 24.1% among all and 37.7% among sexually experienced female adolescents. HPV (23 high-risk types or type 6 or 11) was the most common STI among all female adolescents (prevalence: 18.3%), followed by C trachomatis infection (prevalence: 3.9%). Prevalence of any of the STIs was 25.6% among those whose age was the same or 1 year greater than their age at sexual initiation and 19.7% among those who reported only 1 lifetime sex partner.
CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of STIs among female adolescents is substantial, and STIs begin to be acquired soon after sexual initiation and with few sex partners. These findings support early and comprehensive sex education, routine HPV vaccination at the age of 11 to 12 years, and C trachomatis screening of sexually active female adolescents.