bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DISCES: Systematic Discovery of Event Stream Queries
Authors: Sattler Rebecca , Kleest-Meißner Sarah , Lange Steven , Schmid Markus L. , Schweikardt Nicole , Weidlich Matthias 
Published: February 2025

The continuous evaluation of queries over an event stream provides the foundation for reactive applications in various domains. Yet, knowledge of queries that detect distinguished event patterns that are potential causes of the situation of interest is often not directly available. However, given a database of finite, historic (sub-)streams that have been gathered whenever a situation of interest was observed, one may aim at automatic discovery of the respective queries. Existing algorithms for event query discovery incorporate ad-hoc design choices, though, and it is unclear how their suitability for a database shall be assessed.
In this paper, we address this gap with DISCES, an algorithmic framework for event query discovery. DISCES outlines a design space for discovery algorithms, thereby making the design choices explicit. We instantiate the framework to derive four specific algorithms, which all yield correct and complete results, but differ in their runtime sensitivity. We therefore also provide guidance on how to select one of the algorithms for a given database based on a few of its essential properties. Our experiments using simulated and real-world data illustrate that our algorithms are indeed tailored to databases showing certain properties and solve the query discovery problem several orders of magnitude faster than existing approaches.
H-Rocks: CPU-GPU accelerated Heterogeneous RocksDB on Persistent Memory
Authors: Pandey Shweta , Basu Arkaprava 
Published: February 2025

Persistent key-value stores (pKVS) such as RocksDB are critical to many internet-scale services. Recent works leveraged persistent memory (PM) to improve pKVS throughput. However, they are typically limited to CPUs.
We develop H-Rocks to judiciously leverage both the CPU and the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) for accelerating a wide range of RocksDB operations. H-Rocks selectively accelerates performance-critical parts of RocksDB on the GPU. It uses operation sub-batching and key-value versioning to leverage GPU's parallelism while maintaining compatibility with RocksDB. It harnesses GPU's high-bandwidth memory while limiting data movement between the CPU and GPU. In YCSB workloads, H-Rocks outperforms CPU-based pKVSs like Viper, Plush, and pmem-RocksDB by 3-18×.
Reliable Text-to-SQL with Adaptive Abstention
Authors: Chen Kaiwen , Chen Yueting , Koudas Nick , Yu Xiaohui 
Published: February 2025

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language interfaces for databases, particularly in text-to-SQL conversion. However, current approaches often generate unreliable outputs when faced with ambiguity or insufficient context.
We present Reliable Text-to-SQL (RTS), a novel framework that enhances query generation reliability by incorporating abstention and human-in-the-loop mechanisms. RTS focuses on the critical schema linking phase, which aims to identify the key database elements needed for generating SQL queries. It autonomously detects potential errors during the answer generation process and responds by either abstaining or engaging in user interaction. A vital component of RTS is the Branching Point Prediction (BPP) which utilizes statistical conformal techniques on the hidden layers of the LLM model for schema linking, providing probabilistic guarantees on schema linking accuracy.
We validate our approach through comprehensive experiments on the BIRD benchmark, demonstrating significant improvements in robustness and reliability. Our findings highlight the potential of combining transparent-box LLMs with human-in-the-loop processes to create more robust natural language interfaces for databases. For the BIRD benchmark, our approach achieves near-perfect schema linking accuracy, autonomously involving a human when needed. Combined with query generation, we demonstrate that near-perfect schema linking and a small query generation model can almost match SOTA accuracy achieved with a model orders of magnitude larger than the one we use.
Sequoia: An Accessible and Extensible Framework for Privacy-Preserving Machine Learning over Distributed Data
Authors: Xu Kaiqiang , Chai Di , Zhang Junxue , Lai Fan , Chen Kai 
Published: February 2025

Privacy-preserving machine learning (PPML) algorithms use secure computation protocols to allow multiple data parties to collaboratively train machine learning (ML) models while maintaining their data confidentiality. However, current PPML frameworks couple secure protocols with ML models in PPML algorithm implementations, making it challenging for non-experts to develop and optimize PPML applications, limiting their accessibility and performance.
We propose Sequoia, a novel PPML framework that decouples ML models and secure protocols to optimize the development and execution of PPML applications across data parties. Sequoia offers JAX-compatible APIs for users to program their ML models, while using a compiler-executor architecture to automatically apply PPML algorithms and system optimizations for model execution over distributed data. The compiler in Sequoia incorporates cross-party PPML processes into user-defined ML models by transparently adding computation, encryption, and communication steps with extensible policies, and the executor efficiently schedules code execution across multiple data parties, considering data dependencies and device heterogeneity.
Compared to existing PPML frameworks, Sequoia requires 64%-92% fewer lines of code for users to implement the same PPML algorithms, and achieves 88% speedup of training throughput in horizontal PPML.
Associations of circulating T-cell subsets with endothelial function: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: DeConne Theodore M. , Sitlani Colleen M. , Decker Kevin P. , Delaney Joseph A. , Psaty Bruce M. , Doyle Margaret F. , Buzkova Petra , Landay Alan L. , Huber Sally A. , Hughes Timothy M. , Herrington David , Ding Jingzhong , Olson Nels C. 
Published: February 2025

Background: Endothelial dysfunction has emerged as a risk factor for many age-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. T-lymphocytes (T-cells) have been identified as important regulators of endothelial function in multiple murine models, and pro-inflammatory and senescent T-cell subsets have been associated with endothelial dysfunction in middle-aged adults with hypertension. However, there is little data on the relationships between T-cell subsets and endothelial function in large, multi-ethnic, population-based cohorts free from cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether T-cell subsets were associated with endothelial function in participants of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Methods: Endothelial function was assessed using flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery by duplex ultrasound at the baseline exam. Baseline peripheral blood T-cell subsets were measured using flow cytometry (N=968). Two analyses were employed. The primary analysis examined associations of Th1 (CD4+ interferon-γ+ (IFN-γ+)) and CD4+CD28−CD57+ T-cells, specified as a priori hypotheses, with FMD using multivariable linear regression. Secondary analyses examined associations between 27 additional immune cell populations with FMD. Results: Th1 and CD4+CD28−CD57+ T-cells were not associated with FMD. In secondary analyses, a 1-SD higher value of pan CD4+ and pan CD8+ T-cells were associated with lower and higher FMD, respectively. Conclusions: These results may suggest regulation of endothelial function by T-cells in pre-clinical models is conserved in humans. The findings warrant additional longitudinal human studies with greater T-cell phenotyping to further understand the influence of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell balance on endothelial function.
Awake Thoracotomy in an Obese Case of Cardiac Tamponade: A Case Report
Authors: Itmaiza Malek , Bael Peter , Isayed Talha , Abufarah Ali , Frijat Islam , Hamamdeh Majdi 
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Awake thoracic surgery is an old procedure still being used to this day for various indications, utilizing many different techniques for local analgesia.Case Presentation: We described the case of a 60‐year‐old obese heavy smoker, with significant respiratory and cardiac morbidity, who presented with signs of cardiac tamponade secondary to hypothyroidism. Our patient was treated with a pericardial window, using serratus anterior and parasternal blocks.Discussion: We presented the first case to our knowledge that employed parasternal and serratus anterior blocks as local analgesia for an awake thoracotomy, we also discussed different techniques, indications, benefits, and complications.
Varying Spectrum of Frosted Branch Angiitis: A Curated Constellation of Cases
Authors: Sarkar Avik Dey , Muthukrishnan V. , Kannan Naresh Babu , Goswami Ananya 
Published: February 2025

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to elucidate varying etiology and presentations of frosted branch angiitis (FBA), a rare immune‐mediated retinal vasculitis.Methods: In this case series, four curated cases confined to varying spectrums of FBA have been described. Detailed fundoscopic documentation with pertinent imaging was performed in all the cases. The cases were managed adequately as per protocol and retrospectively analyzed.Results: Our first case is unique as it has been rarely reported in extant ophthalmic literature. The case is presented as progressive outer retinal necrosis in cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis accompanied by FBA. The second case is a Kleiner Type 3 FBA with viral prodrome. Our third case is the fourth reported case in literature of FBA following penetrating trauma. This case is instrumental in confirming the hypothesis of Type 3 hypersensitivity reaction in the slow deposition of immune complexes in the periarteriolar region as a pathophysiology for FBA. The fourth case is the first reported case of coexisting bilateral flecked retina and FBA. It also had an unusual association with tuberculosis mimicking tubercular vasculitis.Conclusion: This gamut of unique cases may contribute to a better understanding of the variability of clinical presentation of FBA in a more detailed manner for future reference.
Spanish Registry of Pressure‐Controlled Intermittent Coronary Sinus Occlusion (PiCSO) Balloon: Initial Experience and Short‐Term Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Martínez Maldonado Erick Dante , Jiménez Díaz Victor Alfonso , Bastos Fernández Guillermo , Vidal Calés Pablo , Brugaletta Salvatore , Juan Salvadores Pablo , Íñiguez Romo Andrés 
Published: February 2025

Objectives: The mortality of ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) has plateaued in the last decade, with a 30‐day mortality of 3%‐4%. Previous studies in patients with anterior STEMI treated by primary angioplasty and assisted with the pressure‐controlled intermittent coronary sinus occlusion (PiCSO) system have shown a modest but significant absolute reduction of the infarct zone.Methods: Prospective, observational study were carried out in two hospitals in Spain. The study included patients with acute coronary syndrome and patients with high‐risk percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). PiCSO therapy was provided throughout the PCI (after achieving thrombolysis in myocardial infarction [TIMI] flow two or three in STEMI cases), with a minimum duration of 20 min from stent implantation until the completion of the procedure.Results: A total of 22 cases were performed. In 20 cases, PiCSO therapy could be successfully applied, and in 2 cases, it was not possible due to the inability to access the coronary sinus. In 95.45%, the PCI was performed in a single coronary artery. Baseline TIMI flow was 0‐1 in > 60% of patients, with final TIMI 3 flow achieved in > 95%. There were no complications secondary to the use of the PiCSO system. At 6‐month clinical follow‐up, 100% of the patients were alive with significant improvement in functional class and angina status.Conclusions: The use of the PiCSO device during ACS was safe and may offer potential benefits to patients susceptible to reperfusion injury or in whom relevant distal microembolization is anticipated during primary angioplasty or high‐risk PCI. More data are needed to validate its widespread clinical use.
The Mediating Role of Psychological Capital and Work Engagement in the Relationship Between Well‐Being and Turnover Intention Among Nurses in China
Authors: Liu Di , Zou Mingyang , Ma Yuanshuo , Xie Yujin , Zhang Wenlin , Sun Caihong , Gao Yuan , Shi Lei , Cui Yanze 
Published: February 2025

Background: Turnover intentions among nurses pose a significant challenge for healthcare systems globally. While numerous studies have explored the association between nurses’ well‐being and turnover intention, the underlying mechanisms remain insufficiently understood. Addressing the interactions among psychological capital, work engagement, well‐being and turnover intention is therefore essential.Aim: This study examined the chain‐mediating effects of psychological capital and work engagement on the relationship between well‐being and turnover intention. It aimed to identify the mechanisms influencing turnover intention tendencies among nursing staff and to propose strategies for stabilising nursing teams.Methods: A multistage random sampling approach was adopted across 21 hospitals in three provinces: Zhejiang (Eastern China), Heilongjiang (Central China) and Chongqing (Western China). Data were collected using the 5‐item World Health Organization Well‐Being Index, the Psychological Capital Questionnaire, the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale and the Turnover Intention Scale. Harman’s single‐factor test was employed to detect common method bias, and chain mediation analysis was conducted using the SPSS PROCESS macro.Results: Significant correlations were found between well‐being, psychological capital, work engagement and turnover intention (p < 0.001). Well‐being directly influenced turnover intention (effect = −0.1227, 95% CI = −0.1421, −0.1033). Work engagement partially mediated the relationship between well‐being and turnover intention (effect = −0.0813, 95% CI = −0.0944, −0.0687). In addition, psychological capital and work engagement jointly mediated the relationship (effect = −0.0817, 95% CI = −0.0940, −0.0701).Conclusion: Nurses’ well‐being influences turnover intention via the serial mediation of psychological capital and work engagement. Hospital managers and governments should implement multifaceted interventions to mitigate turnover intentions and enhance the stability of nursing teams.Implications for Nursing Management: The findings highlight a potential pathway linking nurses’ well‐being to turnover intention. Nursing managers can adopt targeted interventions addressing this pathway to reduce turnover intention rates and ensure team stability.
Characterization of Plasma Cell-Free DNA Variants as of Tumor or Clonal Hematopoiesis Origin in 16,812 Advanced Cancer Patients
Authors: Magee Daniel , Domenyuk Valeriy , Abraham Jim , Perdigones Borderias Nieves , Swensen Jeff , Solipuram Praveena , Ayanambakkam Adanma , Mehdi Raja , Challagalla Jagathi , Heath Elisabeth , Landsverk Megan , Jurkiewicz Magdalena , Shimkus Brian , Pinto Ian , Patterson Daniel , Hsiehchen David , Koya Supriya , Somer Bradley , Velez Michel , Shields Anthony F. , Cultrera Jennifer , Ribeiro Jennifer R. , Hahn-Lowry Robert , Sledge George W. , Oberley Matthew , Radovich Milan , Spetzler David 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose:
Plasma-based liquid biopsy tests can detect tumor-specific genetic alterations and offer many advantages that complement tissue-based comprehensive genomic profiling. However, age-related clonal hematopoiesis (CH) mutations can confound liquid biopsy results and potentially lead to incorrect therapy choice.

Experimental Design:
We assessed the landscape of 16,812 liquid profiles across 49 cancer types using the Caris Assure assay, a whole-exome and whole-transcriptome next-generation sequencing workflow that independently sequences both plasma-derived cell-free total nucleic acids and the white blood cell DNA and RNA from the buffy coat. The variant source was identified algorithmically by comparing plasma and buffy coat variant frequency and read quality metrics.

Results:
Of 16,812 patients, 42.3% presented at least one CH variant among reportable clinical genes. We found 39% of BRCA2 variants to be of CH origin, as well as 37.9% of CHEK2, 27.4% of BRCA1, 20.1% of ATM, 7.3% of NRAS, 5.8% of BRAF, 2.1% of EGFR, 2.1% of KRAS, and 18.5% of TP53. For patients aged 65 to 69 years, the median proportion of CH variant classification was 20%, whereas it was 33% for patients aged 70 to 74 years, 33% for ages 75 to 79 years, and 50% for ages 80+ years. We found high rates of CH detected in what would be otherwise druggable targets in many cancer types typically treated with PARP inhibitors, including breast, female genital tract, ovarian, pancreatic, prostate, and endometrial cancers.

Conclusions:
This large study highlights the need for thorough CH classification during liquid biopsy to appropriately recommend therapies, especially PARP inhibitors.
Use Patterns of Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine System among American Women
Authors: Yeh Paul G. , Haas Allen , Sun Charlotte C. , Lu Karen H. , Meyer Larissa A. , Toumazis Iakovos 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) use is approved by the FDA for contraception and heavy menorrhagia. More importantly, it effectively treats endometrial hyperplasia, a precursor to endometrial cancer. Therefore, LNG-IUS use is associated with potential endometrial cancer risk reduction, but current use patterns in the United States are unknown. We analyzed LNG-IUS use prevalence among women ages 18 to 50 years using a weighted statistical analysis of the 2017 to 2019 National Survey of Family Growth. Summary statistics were stratified by race and ethnic group and known endometrial cancer sociodemographic and health risk factors and assessed statistically with bivariate Rao–Scott χ2 tests. A multivariable logistic regression model was developed to explore LNG-IUS use predictors. Current LNG-IUS use in the United States was 6.9% [95% confidence interval (CI), 5.9%–8.1%]. LNG-IUS use was lower in Hispanic women compared with White women [adjusted OR (AOR), 0.7; 95% CI, 0.5–1.0]. Compared with women with ≤high school education, LNG-IUS use was higher for women with ≥college degree (AOR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.3–3.1). Parous (AOR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.7–3.9) and insured (AOR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.0–3.1) women had higher odds of LNG-IUS use, whereas women with diabetes (AOR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1–0.7) had lower odds of LNG-IUS use. No differences in LNG-IUS use were observed by endometrial cancer risk factors of women’s body mass index, age of menarche, hypertension, and personal history of cancer. More research is needed to establish the potential benefits of LNG-IUS use on endometrial cancer, which will further highlight potential opportunities for population-level primary prevention to address the growing incidence of endometrial cancer.
Prevention Relevance: This study describes the characteristics of American women using the LNG-IUS. Reproductive-age women (especially Hispanic, with lower education, nulliparous, uninsured, and with diabetes) have lower LNG-IUS use odds. These groups may benefit from LNG-IUS use for endometrial cancer primary prevention, conditioned that LNG-IUS use is proven effective in reducing endometrial cancer incidence.
Learning Syntax Without Planting Trees: Understanding Hierarchical Generalization in Transformers
Authors: Ahuja Kabir , Balachandran Vidhisha , Panwar Madhur , He Tianxing , Smith Noah A. , Goyal Navin , Tsvetkov Yulia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Transformers trained on natural language data have been shown to exhibit hierarchical generalization without explicitly encoding any structural bias. In this work, we investigate sources of inductive bias in transformer models and their training that could cause such preference for hierarchical generalization. We extensively experiment with transformers trained on five synthetic, controlled datasets using several training objectives and show that, while objectives such as sequence-to-sequence modeling, classification, etc., often fail to lead to hierarchical generalization, the language modeling objective consistently leads to transformers generalizing hierarchically. We then study how different generalization behaviors emerge during the training by conducting pruning experiments that reveal the joint existence of subnetworks within the model implementing different generalizations. Finally, we take a Bayesian perspective to understand transformers’ preference for hierarchical generalization: We establish a correlation between whether transformers generalize hierarchically on a dataset and if the simplest explanation of that dataset is provided by a hierarchical grammar compared to regular grammars exhibiting linear generalization. Overall, our work presents new insights on the origins of hierarchical generalization in transformers and provides a theoretical framework for studying generalization in language models.
Included but Indecent?
Authors: Kaufman Tone Stangeland 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article discusses whether postcolonial perspectives are (at least partly) included but still implicitly, and particularly in terms of methodologies and epistemologies, regarded indecent in the field of empirical and practical theology, using the academic societies of the International Academy of Practical Theology (IAPT) and The International Society for Empirical Research in Theology (ISERT) and the related journals (IJPT and JET) as cases. Whilst drawing on Bonnie Miller-McLemore’s analysis of the IAPT in the 2017 paper “A Tale of Two Cities,” I also pick up the batton where she left it, and trace the development until the present day. To do so, the fields of empirical and practical theology are conceptualized as a social practice and more specifically as activity systems in the tradition of Engeström’s Cultural-Historical Activity Theory (CHAT).
Are there Public Effects of Religious Education?
Authors: Roleder Felix 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This quantitative study examines the effects of religious education, in conjunction with other religious and non-religious factors, on the civic attitudes of Christians under the age of 30 in Germany. The multivariate analyses are based on a recent population representative sample (6th Church Membership Survey). The results provide modest evidence of a limited direct and indirect contribution of religious education to civic attitudes. In addition to a direct reduction in populist attitudes, school religious education is somewhat associated with acceptance of cultural diversity and immigration, thereby also indirectly decreasing the appeal of populism. However, the ambivalent role of young Christians’ religiosity is evident in relation to traditionalism and religious exclusivism, which are associated with a preference for cultural homogeneity and, consequently, an affinity with populism. These findings contribute to the understanding of the current crisis of the acceptance of democracy and underline the public dimension of religious education.