bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric 1,2‐Migration at Vicinal Tetrasubstituted Stereocenters Constructed from α‐Keto Imines
Authors: Karan Ganesh , Sahu Samrat , Metya Abhisek , Maji Modhu Sudan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA carbonyl‐assisted asymmetric 1,2‐migratory allylation through in situ generation of vicinal tetrasubstituted stereocenters is reported to access enantiopure α‐amino ketones and amino alcohols with excellent yields and diastereoselectivities. In a remarkable divergence, despite higher steric hindrance, the allylation exclusively occurs on ketones over imines in the first step, followed by a face‐selective 1,2‐allyl transfer, thus highlighting an exciting interplay between two distinct electrophiles. The methodology distinguishes itself through its adaptability to gram‐scale synthesis, showcasing broad functional‐group tolerance and stereodivergence. Density functional theory (DFT) analysis led to a deeper understanding of its selectivity and mechanistic framework. Highlighting its transformative potential, the method was applied to the total synthesis of hapalindole alkaloids.
Oxygen Vacancies Trigger Rapid Charge Transport Channels at the Engineered Interface of S‐Scheme Heterojunction for Boosting Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Zu Di , Ying Yiran , Wei Qi , Xiong Pei , Ahmed Mortuza Saleque , Lin Zezhou , Li Molly Meng‐Jung , Li Mingjie , Xu Zhihang , Chen Gao , Bai Liqi , She Sixuan , Tsang Yuen Hong , Huang Haitao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAlthough oxygen vacancies (Ovs) have been intensively studied in single semiconductor photocatalysts, exploration of intrinsic mechanisms and in‐depth understanding of Ovs in S‐scheme heterojunction photocatalysts are still limited. Herein, a novel S‐scheme photocatalyst made from WO3‐Ov/In2S3 with Ovs at the heterointerface is rationally designed. The microscopic environment and local electronic structure of the S‐scheme heterointerface are well optimized by Ovs. Femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy (fs‐TAS) reveals that Ovs trigger additional charge movement routes and therefore increase charge separation efficiency. In addition, Ovs have a synergistic effect on the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of S‐scheme photocatalysts. As a result, the optimal photocatalytic performance is significantly improved, surpassing that of single component WO3‐Ov and In2S3 (by 35.5 and 3.9 times, respectively), as well as WO3/In2S3 heterojunction. This work provides new insight into regulating the photogenerated carrier dynamics at the heterointerface and also helps design highly efficient S‐scheme photocatalysts.
Harnessing Croconaine Organic Photosensitizers for a Milder Surface‐Mediated Transfection
Authors: Ferdinandus  , Tan Wen Ling Lenice , Tan Jie Ren , Lee Hiang Kwee , Zhu Qiang , Ye Enyi , Lee Chi‐Lik Ken 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPolydopamine‐based materials, notably Polydopamine‐polyethyleneimine (PDA‐PEI), have gained considerable interest for surface‐mediated transfection. However, the high laser power density required to achieve high transfection efficiency poses a significant challenge in preserving cell viability. An organic photosensitizer CRO32TMI was developed to improve the photothermal conversion capability of PDA‐PEI. The modified PDA‐PEI‐CRO32TMI exhibited remarkable photothermal and photostability properties upon NIR irradiation, enabling it to achieve better transfection efficiency at lower laser power density as compared to the traditional solution or lipid‐based transfection methods.
A fast, reliable, low‐cost, and efficient xylan extraction for xylooligosaccharides production
Authors: Kumari Kajal , Nagar Sushil , Goyal Sakshi , Maan Sonu , Kumar Vinod , Kharor Neeraj , Sindhu Meena , Kumar Vinay 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA fast, reliable, low‐cost, and efficient method for the recovery of xylan from agro‐residue materials is needed to improve the use of xylan in industrial processes. Xylan was extracted from two agrowastes (corncobs and wheat bran) using a cost‐effective alkali extraction method. The characteristic band patterns and bending vibrations associated with hemicellulose and beta glycoside linkage could be seen in the corncob‐extracted xylan (CCEx) and wheatbran‐extracted xylan (WBEx). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that the extracted xylans consisted of aggregated and nonaggregated particles with irregular morphology and rough surfaces. Particle‐size analysis displayed average sizes of 205.6, 210.8, and 794.2 nm for commercial beechwood xylan (Bx), CCEx, and WBEx, respectively. Alkali extraction was performed with different concentrations of NaOH, from 5% to 20%, with a solid–liquid ratio of 1:20. It was found that 82.90 and 76.77% of xylan were extracted from corncob and wheat bran, respectively, which represents a higher yield obtained in a shorter duration in comparison with studies in the literature. The enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat bran and corncob that used 250 IU/mL of Enterobacter hormaechie KS1 xylanase yielded 334.38 and 162.35 mg/g of xylooligosaccharides. Their properties were studied and were found to be very similar to those of commercial xylan. They could reduce costs if applied in industry.
A simple yet effective H2S‐activated fluorogenic probe for precise imaging of hepatitis and arthritis in situ
Authors: Liang Weier , Bian Yongning , Samanta Animesh , Chen Xueqian , Yu Xiaohe , Zheng Yichen , Gao Xueyun , Su Dongdong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHepatitis and arthritis are prevalent inflammatory diseases, and the utilization of fluorogenic probes incorporating hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as a crucial mediator of inflammation presents significant opportunities for early detection. However, the poor in vivo biodistribution and limited targeted efficacy of molecule probes for inflammation imaging severely impede their ability to differentiate the extent of inflammation and provide real‐time monitoring of inflammatory levels. Therefore, we developed a highly efficient H2S‐activated near‐infrared (NIR) fluorogenic probe (hCy‐DNP) for real‐time tracking and capturing fluctuations in H2S levels within inflammatory lesions. hCy‐DNP demonstrates an exceptionally sensitive fluorescence response to H2S expression, enabling specific differentiation between various levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) ‐stimulated early hepatitis models in situ, while also facilitating visual monitoring for diagnosis and efficacy evaluation of arthritis. Therefore, hCy‐DNP offers an innovative tool for exploring early diagnosis and evaluating treatment effectiveness across diverse inflammatory diseases.
Client deception in therapy is associated with worse therapeutic relationships and perceived therapeutic outcomes
Authors: Hart Christian L. , Barnett Mykala , Curtis Drew A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesIn psychotherapy, clients and therapists work together to forge a path towards better mental health. Key to this process is genuine and honest communication. However, much previous research suggests that clients are not always fully truthful with their therapists. In this study, we make a preliminary examination of the relationship between client deception in therapy, the quality of the therapeutic relationship and therapeutic outcomes.MethodsParticipants who had been involved in psychotherapy completed a variety of measures that assessed their use of dishonesty in therapy. They also completed measures of the quality of the client–therapist relationship and measures of their perceived therapeutic outcomes. We hypothesised that client dishonesty would negatively correlate with the perceived quality of the therapeutic relationship and the therapeutic outcomes. Furthermore, we predicted that the quality of the therapeutic relationship would mediate the relationship between client dishonesty and perceived therapeutic outcomes.ResultsThe results of correlation and mediation analyses supported these hypotheses. Client dishonesty was associated with poorer therapeutic relationships and worse perceived therapeutic outcomes. Additionally, therapeutic relationship quality partially mediated the relationship between client dishonesty and therapeutic outcomes.ConclusionsThis initial study provides important tentative insights into the possible negative correlates of client dishonesty in the therapeutic environment.
The Role of Lysozyme in the Formation of Bioinspired Silicon Dioxide
Authors: Macchiagodena Marina , Fragai Marco , Gallo Angelo , Pagliai Marco , Ravera Enrico 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSeveral organisms are able to polycondensate tetraoxosilicic(IV) acid to form silicon(IV) dioxide using polycationic molecules. According to an earlier mechanistic proposal, these molecules undergo a phase separation and recent experimental evidence appears to confirm this model. At the same time, polycationic proteins like lysozyme can also promote polycondensation of silicon(IV) dioxide, and they do so under conditions that are not compatible with liquid‐liquid phase separation. In this manuscript we investigate this conundrum by molecular simulations.
Embryology of the fat‐tailed dunnart (Sminthopsis crassicaudata): A marsupial model for comparative mammalian developmental and evolutionary biology
Authors: Newton Axel H. , Hutchison Jennifer C. , Farley Ella R. , Scicluna Emily L. , Youngson Neil A. , Liu Jun , Menzies Brandon R. , Hildebrandt Thomas B. , Lawrence Ben M. , Sutherland Angus H. W. , Potter David L. , Tarulli Gerard A. , Selwood Lynne , Frankenberg Stephen , Ord Sara , Pask Andrew J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundMarsupials are a diverse and unique group of mammals, but remain underutilized in developmental biology studies, hindering our understanding of mammalian diversity. This study focuses on establishing the fat‐tailed dunnart (Sminthopsis crassicaudata) as an emerging laboratory model, providing reproductive monitoring methods and a detailed atlas of its embryonic development.ResultsWe monitored the reproductive cycles of female dunnarts and established methods to confirm pregnancy and generate timed embryos. With this, we characterized dunnart embryo development from cleavage to birth, and provided detailed descriptions of its organogenesis and heterochronic growth patterns. Drawing stage‐matched comparisons with other species, we highlight the dunnarts accelerated craniofacial and limb development, characteristic of marsupials.ConclusionsThe fat‐tailed dunnart is an exceptional marsupial model for developmental studies, where our detailed practices for reproductive monitoring and embryo collection enhance its accessibility in other laboratories. The accelerated developmental patterns observed in the Dunnart provide a valuable system for investigating molecular mechanisms underlying heterochrony. This study not only contributes to our understanding of marsupial development but also equips the scientific community with new resources for addressing biodiversity challenges and developing effective conservation strategies in marsupials.
‘rtry’: An R package to support plant trait data preprocessing
Authors: Lam Olee Hoi Ying , Kattge Jens , Tautenhahn Susanne , Boenisch Gerhard , Kovach Kyle R. , Townsend Philip A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPlant trait data are used to quantify how plants respond to environmental factors and can act as indicators of ecosystem function. Measured trait values are influenced by genetics, trade‐offs, competition, environmental conditions, and phenology. These interacting effects on traits are poorly characterized across taxa, and for many traits, measurement protocols are not standardized. As a result, ancillary information about growth and measurement conditions can be highly variable, requiring a flexible data structure. In 2007, the TRY initiative was founded as an integrated database of plant trait data, including ancillary attributes relevant to understanding and interpreting the trait values. The TRY database now integrates around 700 original and collective datasets and has become a central resource of plant trait data. These data are provided in a generic long‐table format, where a unique identifier links different trait records and ancillary data measured on the same entity. Due to the high number of trait records, plant taxa, and types of traits and ancillary data released from the TRY database, data preprocessing is necessary but not straightforward. Here, we present the ‘rtry’ R package, specifically designed to support plant trait data exploration and filtering. By integrating a subset of existing R functions essential for preprocessing, ‘rtry’ avoids the need for users to navigate the extensive R ecosystem and provides the functions under a consistent syntax. ‘rtry’ is therefore easy to use even for beginners in R. Notably, ‘rtry’ does not support data retrieval or analysis; rather, it focuses on the preprocessing tasks to optimize data quality. While ‘rtry’ primarily targets TRY data, its utility extends to data from other sources, such as the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON). The ‘rtry’ package is available on the Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN; https://cran.r‐project.org/package=rtry) and the GitHub Wiki (https://github.com/MPI‐BGC‐Functional‐Biogeography/rtry/wiki) along with comprehensive documentation and vignettes describing detailed data preprocessing workflows.
Driving mechanisms and hydro‐chemical variation for assessing salt‐induced weathering of sandstone in grotto relics
Authors: Wang Junxia , Yan Hongbin , Ren Weizhong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSalt weathering is considered as one of the most damaging processes acting on cultural heritage sites and salt crystallization significantly contributes to the deterioration of natural sandstone in grotto relics. A laboratory partial immersion experiment was carried out to elucidate how humidity influences the salt‐induced weathering in grotto relics. Field environmental observations at the Yungang Grottoes were conducted to evaluate the differences between experimental endeavours and field observations. Superficial salt accumulation was characterized by hydro‐chemical and quantitative atomistic analysis. It revealed the co‐existence of calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate, with a Ca/Mg molar ratio of 0.27 at RHam and 4.13–18.15 at a constant RH. An average increase of 165 mg/L in Na+ concentration and 120.7 mg/L in Mg2+ concentration in the groundwater was detected after immersion, which was attributed to the dissolution of the sandstone rock. The reduction of 322.5 mg/L in the SO42− concentration in the groundwater after partial immersion shows that capillary forces influence the migration of SO42− from the immersion solution. Calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate accumulation with a Ca/Mg molar ratio of 0.03–0.17 in the field environment is strongly correlated with the occurrence of salt efflorescence. The upward transport of soluble salt was driven by capillary forces after partial immersion in the groundwater collected from the Yungang Grottoes. It then migrated from the interior to the exterior of the sandstone specimen due to evaporation. Salt efflorescence formed on the upper exposed stone close to the capillary fringe owing to the combined effects of condensation, hygroscopicity and evaporation. These processes were driven by wetting–drying and dissolution–crystallization cycles in response to fluctuating environmental conditions. These results contribute to a better understanding the mechanism of salt‐induced weathering and provide a basis for future conservation to mitigate the harmful impact of salts in heritage sites.
A generalized detection framework for covert timing channels based on perceptual hashing
Authors: Zhuang Xiaolong , Chen Yonghong , Tian Hui 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNetwork covert channels use network resources to transmit data covertly, and their existence will seriously threaten network security. Therefore, an effective method is needed to prevent and detect them. Current network covert timing channel detection methods often incorporate machine learning methods in order to achieve generalized detection, but they consume a large amount of computational resources. In this paper, we propose a generalized detection framework for covert channels based on perceptual hashing without relying on machine learning methods. And we propose a one‐dimensional data feature descriptor for feature extraction of perceptual hash for the data characteristics of covert timing channels. We first generate the hash sequence of the corresponding channel to get the average hash, which is used for comparison in the test phase. The experimental results show that the feature descriptor can capture the feature differences of one‐dimensional data well. When compared to machine learning methods, this perceptual hashing algorithms enable faster traffic detection. Meanwhile, our method is able to detect the effectiveness with the smallest coverage window compared with the latest solutions. Moreover, it exhibits robustness in jitter network environment.
Basophil allergen threshold sensitivity to casein (casein‐specific CD‐sens) predicts allergic reactions at a milk challenge in most but not all patients
Authors: Røisgård Solveig , Nopp Anna , Lindam Anna ,   SWITCH study group, Nilsson Caroline A. , West Christina E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe basophil activation test is an emerging clinical tool in the diagnosis of cow's milk allergy (CMA). The aim was to assess the association between the basophil allergen threshold sensitivity to the major milk protein casein (casein‐specific CD‐sens), the levels of milk‐ and casein‐specific Immunoglobulin E antibodies (IgE‐ab), and the severity of allergic reactions at milk challenges.MethodsWe enrolled 34 patients aged 5–15 (median 9) years who underwent a double‐blind placebo‐controlled milk‐challenge (DBPCMC) as screening before inclusion in an oral immunotherapy study for CMA. The severity of the allergic reaction at the DBPCMC was graded using Sampson's severity score. Venous blood was drawn before the DBPCMC. Milk‐ and casein‐specific IgE‐ab were analyzed. Following in vitro stimulation of basophils with casein, casein‐specific CD‐sens, was determined.ResultsThirty‐three patients completed the DBPCMC. There were strong correlations between casein‐specific CD‐sens and IgE‐ab to milk (rs = 0.682, p < .001), and between casein‐specific CD‐sens and IgE‐ab to casein (rs = 0.823, p < .001). There was a correlation between the severity of the allergic reaction and casein‐specific CD‐sens level (rs = 0.395, p = .041) and an inverse correlation between casein‐specific CD‐sens level and the cumulative dose of milk protein to which the patient reacted at the DBPCMC (rs = −0.418, p = .027). Among the 30 patients with an allergic reaction at the DBPCMC, 67% had positive casein‐specific CD‐sens, 23% had negative casein‐specific CD‐sens, and 10% were declared non‐responders.ConclusionTwo thirds of those reacting at the DBPMC had positive casein‐specific CD‐sens, but reactions also occurred despite negative casein‐specific CD‐sens. The association between casein‐specific CD‐sens and the severity of the allergic reaction and cumulative dose of milk protein, respectively, was moderate.
Diagnostic utility of contrast‐enhanced computed tomography for ectopic pregnancy
Authors: Iizuka Takashi , Yoshida Kotaro , Yamazaki Rena , Matsuoka Ayumi , Fujiwara Hiroshi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionContrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CECT) is an emergent diagnostic imaging modality to identify the bleeding site and survey the abdominal cavity. The diagnostic utility of CECT for ectopic pregnancy (EP) has not been well‐investigated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of CECT findings in patients with EP and extract specific findings that could contribute to the identification of implantation sites.MethodWe conducted a retrospective study, reviewing suspected EP cases between April 2015 and March 2018 in our hospital. Clinical symptoms, blood test results, transvaginal sonography findings, and surgical and pathologic findings from the medical records were assessed. CECT images were evaluated by a certified radiologist and gynecologist retrospectively in consensus. The following were selected as positive findings for specific determination of the ectopic implantation site: the ectopic gestational sac, lateralization of the hemoperitoneum around the adnexa on either side, and extravascular leakage of the contrast agent outside the uterine cavity.ResultsCECT was performed in 41 women with an EP. The ectopic implantation site was detectable on CECT in 90.2% (37/41), whereas it was noted in 70.0% (32/41) on transvaginal ultrasonography (TVS). Of nine patients with an EP with an undetectable implantation site on TVS, six were positive for the specific determination of the ectopic implantation site on CECT.ConclusionCECT has the potential to predict ectopic implantation sites with high‐level sensitivity. As CECT is an urgent diagnostic imaging tool to be used in an emergent setting, it may be a good option for EP diagnosis when the availability of magnetic resonance imaging is limited.
Pollinator diversity, pollination services, and conservation in agroecosystems: A mini‐review on the successes and challenges in China
Authors: Shi Xiaoyu , Huang Dunyuan , Xu Huanli , Ren Zongxin , Lu Yanhui , An Jiandong , Zou Yi , Liu Yunhui , Ouyang Fang , Chester Douglas , Mu Junpeng , He Chunling , Luo A'rong , Cheng Rui , Zhou Qingsong , Niu Zeqing , Zhou Xin , Zhao Lei , Martini Massimo , Ma Changsheng , Cheng Wenda , Chen Xia , Orr Michael , Peng Wenjun , Zhu Chaodong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPollinators provide important pollination services for crops around the world. In China, numerous studies have been conducted on pollinators within agroecosystems, yet a comprehensive review of such research remains to be completed. This study discusses the existing knowledge of pollinator diversity in Chinese agroecosystems, examines the provision of pollination services, and identifies key achievements and limitations. We propose a series of conservation and management actions to promote pollinator health and ecosystem services in these agroecosystems: (1) long‐term monitoring of pollinator populations, (2) designing agricultural landscapes that are conducive to pollinators, and (3) implementing microscale habitat modifications to improve conditions for pollinators.