bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polymeric Multilayer Capsules in Drug Delivery
Authors: De Cock Liesbeth J. , De Koker Stefaan , De Geest Bruno G. , Grooten Johan , Vervaet Chris , Remon Jean Paul , Sukhorukov Gleb B. , Antipina Maria N. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractRecent advances in medicine and biotechnology have prompted the need to develop nanoengineered delivery systems that can encapsulate a wide variety of novel therapeutics such as proteins, chemotherapeutics, and nucleic acids. Moreover, these delivery systems should be “intelligent”, such that they can deliver their payload at a well‐defined time, place, or after a specific stimulus. Polymeric multilayer capsules, made by layer‐by‐layer (LbL) coating of a sacrificial template followed by dissolution of the template, allow the design of microcapsules in aqueous conditions by using simple building blocks and assembly procedures, and provide a previously unmet control over the functionality of the microcapsules. Polymeric multilayer capsules have recently received increased interest from the life science community, and many interesting systems have appeared in the literature with biodegradable components and biospecific functionalities. In this Review we give an overview of the recent breakthroughs in their application for drug delivery.
Prospective study of health-related quality of life after Roux-en-Y bypass surgery for morbid obesity
Authors: Chang C-Y , Huang C-K , Chang Y-Y , Tai C-M , Lin J-T , Wang J-D 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for morbid obesity on health-related quality of life (QOL) during the first year of follow-up.

Methods
The World Health Organization Quality of Life—Brief (WHOQOL-BREF) was administered 1 month before operation, and at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery. Body mass index, co-morbidities and operation-related complications were measured at these times. A mixed-effect model was constructed to analyse repeated measurements and determine the relationships between body mass index, WHOQOL-BREF scores and other variables.

Results
A total of 102 patients were enrolled. The mixed-effect model showed that the physical, psychological and social domains improved after bariatric surgery, with simultaneous reduction in weight and improvement in co-morbidities. There was a dip in scores in physical and psychological domains 3–6 months after surgery, significantly related to complications. All patients gradually improved between 6 and 12 months after surgery, reaching levels similar to those of healthy subjects.

Conclusion
Health-related QOL improved dramatically after bariatric surgery, dipped slightly between 3 and 6 months, and improved again up to the end of the first year.
Chondrogenic differentiation and immunological properties of mesenchymal stem cells in collagen type I hydrogel
Authors: Yuan Tun , Zhang Li , Feng Li , Fan HongSong , Zhang XingDong 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAllogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are regarded as promising seed cells for engineering cartilage. However, few researches have covered the immune properties of seeded MSCs. Collagen has been considered as good scaffold, whether it has inherent chondrogenic inducibility for MSCs is still in debate. In this study, engineering grafts are constructed by neonatal rabbit MSCs and collagen Type I hydrogel. After periods of culture, the appearance of chondroid tissue in the grafts and the cartilage matrix‐specific genes expressions of seeded cells prove the inducibility of collagen hydrogel, even if the growth factors are absence. With the differentiation, immunological properties of MSCs are changing. The expressions of main histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules increase and the ability to inhibit the proliferation of activated lymphocytes may be declined. But to a large extent, it keeps the low stimulating to allogeneic lymphocytes and the small absolute value of MHCs. The changes are adverse for avoiding inflammation and rejection. Therefore, suitable scaffold and engineering strategies should be selected. For the grafts based on Collagen I hydrogel and MSCs, a longer culture period might not be necessary. To maintain the immune regulation, a higher initial MSCs density in engineering grafts may be more meaningful. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010
Plasma‐Modified Polypropylene as Carrier for the Immobilization of Candida antarctica Lipase B and Pyrobaculum calidifontis Esterase
Authors: Vorhaben Torge , Böttcher Dominique , Jasinski Dagmar , Menyes Ulf , Brüser Volker , Schröder Karsten , Bornscheuer Uwe T. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this work, the immobilization of two hydrolases on plasma‐modified polypropylene carriers was investigated. Treating Accurel MP1001 with an oxygen plasma was found most suitable to increase the hydrophilicity and to allow for efficient immobilization. Thus, for lipase B from Candida antarctica and for an esterase from Pyrobaculum calidifontis esterase (PestE) a 5‐fold and 14‐fold increase, respectively, in immobilization yield resulted compared to untreated carrier. In contrast to the oxygen‐modified support, modification of the polypropylene carrier with ammonia plasma showed no positive effect. Furthermore, it could be shown that immobilized PestE catalyzed enantioselective transesterification of α‐phenylethanol in vinyl acetate, whereas the free enzyme showed no activity. Both hydrolases could be recycled five times without significant loss of activity.
Prediction model for increasing propylene from FCC gasoline secondary reactions based on Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm coupled with support vector machines
Authors: Zhou Xiaowei , Yang Bolun , Yi Chunhai , Yuan Jun , Wang Longyan 
Published: July 2010

AbstractLevenberg–Marquardt (LM) algorithm was adopted to optimize the multiple parameters of the support vector machines (SVM) model to overcome the difficulty in selecting the parameters of SVM and to fit relational expression of high nonlinearity. Strategy of dividing the training data into working data to train SVM and the testing data so as to avoid over‐fitting was performed. Comparison of the proposed LM/SVM method with three reported hybridized SVM approaches (GA/SVM, SM/SVM and SQP/SVM) was also carried out. The new method was applied in modelling for the prediction of propylene by secondary reactions of FCC gasoline. Best performance of LM/SVM employing polynomial kernel was demonstrated. Good agreement between predicted results and experimental data suggests that the LM/SVM method is successfully developed and the SVM model for increasing propylene is well established. Finally, sequential quadratic programming (SQP) algorithm was employed to optimize the operation conditions of FCC gasoline secondary reaction for maximizing the propylene yield. The obtained optimization conditions are consistent with experimental data and reported results, indicating that the optimization results are reliable. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fatty Acid Carboxylate‐ and Anionic Surfactant‐Controlled Delivery Systems That Use Mesoporous Silica Supports
Authors: Coll Carmen , Aznar Elena , Martínez‐Máñez Ramón , Marcos M. Dolores , Sancenón Félix , Soto Juan , Amorós Pedro , Cano Joan , Ruiz Eliseo 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe report the preparation of a MCM‐41 mesoporous material that contains the dye [Ru(bipy)3]Cl2 (bipy=bipyridine) inside the mesopores and functionalised with suitable binding groups at the entrance of the pores. Solids S1–S3 were obtained by the reaction of the mesoporous material with N‐methyl‐N′‐propyltrimethoxysilylimidazolium chloride, N‐phenyl‐N′‐[3‐(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]thiourea, or N‐phenyl‐N′‐[3‐(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]urea, respectively. A study of the dye delivery of these systems in buffered water (pH 7.0, 2‐[4‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)piperazin‐1‐yl]ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES), 10−3 mol dm−3) in the presence of a family of carboxylate ions was carried out. In the interaction of the anions with the surface of the solids, the response depends on the characteristics of the binding groups (i.e., imidazolium, urea and thiourea) at the pore outlets and their specific interaction with the corresponding anion. The interaction of long‐chain carboxylate ions with the binding sites at the surface of the solids resulted in a remarkable inhibition of the delivery of the dye. This inhibition was observed clearly for the dodecanoate anion, whereas the octanoate, decanoate, cholate, deoxycholate, glycodeoxycholate and taurocholate anions induced a certain pore blockage that varied according to the solid studied. The interaction of smaller anions, such as acetate, butanoate, hexanoate and octanoate, with the solids had no effect on the dye release process. The possible use of the gating system for the chromo‐fluorogenic detection of anionic surfactants through selective dye delivery inhibition was also explored. Molecular dynamic simulations that use force‐field methods have been made to theoretically study the capping carboxylate mechanism. The calculations are in agreement with the experimental results, thus allowing a representation of the dye delivery inhibition in the presence of long‐chain carboxylate ions.
Growth of Shape‐ and Size‐Selective Zinc Oxide Nanorods by a Microwave‐Assisted Chemical Bath Deposition Method: Effect on Photocatalysis Properties
Authors: Shinde Vaishali R. , Gujar Tanaji P. , Noda Takeshi , Fujita Daisuke , Vinu Ajayan , Grandcolas Mathieu , Ye Jinhua 
Published: July 2010

AbstractHerein, we demonstrate the shape‐ and size‐selective growth of ZnO nanostructures on indium tin oxide‐coated glass substrates by using a microwave‐assisted chemical bath deposition method. By systematically controlling the deposition parameters, it is possible to produce shape‐ and size‐selective nanostructures with high alignment and uniformity. Specifically, the pH of the bath can be used to control the shape of rods from bundled structures to tapered and flat tips. Furthermore, the deposition temperature can be used to control the size of the ZnO array from 770 to 125 nm. The prepared rods were active catalysts in the degradation of methylene blue under UV radiation, and exhibited size‐dependent activity.
Carbodicarbenes and Related Divalent Carbon(0) Compounds
Authors: Klein Susanne , Tonner Ralf , Frenking Gernot 
Published: July 2010

AbstractQuantum‐chemical calculations using DFT and ab initio methods have been carried out for fourteen divalent carbon(0) compounds (carbones), in which the bonding situation at the two‐coordinate carbon atom can be described in terms of donor–acceptor interactions L→C←L. The charge‐ and energy‐decomposition analysis of the electronic structure of compounds 1–10 reveals divalent carbon(0) character in different degrees for all molecules. Carbone‐type bonding L→C←L is particularly strong for the carbodicarbenes 1 and 2, for the “bent allenes” 3 a, 3 b, 4 a, and 4 b, and for the carbocarbenephosphoranes 7 a, 7 b, and 7 c. The last‐named molecules have very large first and large second proton affinities. They also bind two BH3 ligands with very high bond energies, which are large enough that the bis‐adducts should be isolable in a condensed phase. The second proton affinities of the complexes 5, 6, and 8–10 bearing CO or N2 as ligand are significantly lower than those of the other molecules. However, they give stable complexes with two BH3 ligands and thus are twofold Lewis bases. The calculated data thus identify 1–10 as carbones L→C←L in which the carbon atom has two electron pairs. The chemistry of carbones is different from that of carbenes because divalent carbon(0) compounds CL2 are π donors and thus may serve as double Lewis bases, while divalent carbon(II) compounds are π acceptors. The theoretical results point toward new directions for experimental research in the field of low‐coordinate carbon compounds.
Efficient Synthesis of β‐Hydroxy‐α‐Amino Acid Derivatives via Direct Catalytic Asymmetric Aldol Reaction of α‐Isothiocyanato Imide with Aldehydes
Authors: Chen Xiaohong , Zhu Yin , Qiao Zhen , Xie Mingsheng , Lin Lili , Liu Xiaohua , Feng Xiaoming 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAn easily available and efficient chiral N,N′‐dioxide–nickel(II) complex catalyst has been developed for the direct catalytic asymmetric aldol reaction of α‐isothiocyanato imide with aldehydes which produces the products in morderate to high yields (up to 98 %) with excellent diastereo‐ (up to >99:1 d.r.) and enantioselectivities (up to >99 % ee). A variety of aromatic, heteroaromatic, α,β‐unsaturated, and aliphatic aldehydes were found to be suitable substrates in the presence of 2.5 mol % L‐proline‐derived N,N′‐dioxide L5–nickel(II) complex. This process was air‐tolerant and easily manipulated with available reagents. Based on experimental investigations, a possible transition state has been proposed to explain the origin of reactivity and asymmetric inductivity.
Selective Reductions of Cyclic 1,3‐Diesters by Using SmI2 and H2O
Authors: Collins Karl D. , Oliveira Juliana M. , Guazzelli Giuditta , Sautier Brice , De Grazia Sara , Matsubara Hiroshi , Helliwell Madeleine , Procter David J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSmI2/H2O reduces cyclic 1,3‐diesters to 3‐hydroxyacids with no over reduction. Furthermore, the reagent system is selective for cyclic 1,3‐diesters over acyclic 1,3‐diesters, and esters. Radicals formed by one‐electron reduction of the ester carbonyl group have been exploited in intramolecular additions to alkenes. The ketal unit and the reaction temperature have a marked impact on the diastereoselectivity of the cyclizations. Cyclization cascades are possible when two alkenes are present in the starting cyclic diester and lead to the formation of two rings and four stereocenters with excellent stereocontrol.
1,4‐Addition of Bis(iodozincio)methane to α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones: Chemical and Theoretical/Computational Studies
Authors: Sada Mutsumi , Furuyama Taniyuki , Komagawa Shinsuke , Uchiyama Masanobu , Matsubara Seijiro 
Published: July 2010

Abstract1,4‐Addition of bis(iodozincio)methane to simple α,β‐unsaturated ketones does not proceed well; the reaction is slightly endothermic according to DFT calculations. In the presence of chlorotrimethylsilane, the reaction proceeded efficiently to afford a silyl enol ether of β‐zinciomethyl ketone. The CZn bond of the silyl enol ether could be used in a cross‐coupling reaction to form another CC bond in a one‐pot reaction. In contrast, 1,4‐addition of the dizinc reagent to enones carrying an acyloxy group proceeded very efficiently without any additive. In this case, the product was a 1,3‐diketone, which was generated in a novel tandem reaction. A theoretical/computational study indicates that the whole reaction pathway is exothermic, and that two zinc atoms of bis(iodozincio)methane accelerate each step cooperatively as effective Lewis acids.
Formal Total Synthesis of Fostriecin by 1,4‐Asymmetric Induction with an Alkyne–Cobalt Complex
Authors: Hayashi Yujiro , Yamaguchi Hirofumi , Toyoshima Maya , Okado Kotaro , Toyo Takumi , Shoji Mitsuru 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe synthesis of a protected dephosphofostriecin, and thereby a formal synthesis of fostriecin, has been accomplished. The synthetic challenges were the construction of four stereogenic centers and the conformationally labile cis‐cis‐trans‐triene moiety. Previous total syntheses have employed at least two asymmetric reactions that required the use of an external chiral auxiliary. Although remote stereoinduction in a 1,4‐relationship is considered difficult, we have developed a notable 1,4‐asymmetric induction that utilizes an alkyne–cobalt complex for the control of C5 stereochemistry by the C8 stereogenic center. The stereochemistry at C11 was established by 1,3‐asymmetric induction with a higher‐order alkynyl‐zinc reagent. Thus, only one asymmetric reaction requiring an external chiral auxiliary was employed in this route. The labile cis‐cis‐trans‐triene unit was constructed at a late stage of the synthesis by diastereoselective coupling of a dienyne and an aldehyde unit, followed by reduction.
Non‐covalent Versus Covalent Control of Self‐Assembly and Chirality of Nile Red‐modified Nucleoside and DNA
Authors: Varghese Reji , Wagenknecht Hans‐Achim 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA DNA‐based covalent versus a non‐covalent approach is demonstrated to control the optical, chirooptical and higher order structures of Nile red (Nr) aggregation. Dynamic light scattering and TEM studies revealed that in aqueous media Nr‐modified 2′‐deoxyuridine aggregates through the co‐operative effect of various non‐covalent interactions including the hydrogen bonding ability of the nucleoside and sugar moieties and the π‐stacking tendency of the highly hydrophobic dye. This results in the formation of optically active nanovesicles. A left‐handed helically twisted H‐type packing of the dye is observed in the bilayer of the vesicle as evidenced from the optical and chirooptical studies. On the other hand, a left‐handed helically twisted J‐type packing in vesicles was obtained from a non‐polar solvent (toluene). Even though the primary stacking interaction of the dye aggregates transformed from H→J while going from aqueous to non‐polar media, the induced supramolecular chirality of the aggregates remained the same (left‐handed). Circular dichroism studies of DNA that contained several synthetically incorporated and covalently attached Nr‐modified nucleosides revealed the formation of helically stacked H‐aggregates of Nr but—in comparison to the noncovalent aggregates—an inversed chirality (right‐handed). This self‐assembly propensity difference can, in principle, be applied to other hydrophobic dyes and chromophores and thus open a DNA‐based approach to modulate the primary stacking interactions and supramolecular chirality of dye aggregates.
Design criterion for high‐speed low‐power SC circuits
Authors: Amoroso F. A. , Pugliese A. , Cappuccino G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe settling behavior of switched‐capacitor (SC) circuits is investigated in this paper. The analysis is performed for typical SC circuits employing two‐stage Miller‐compensated operational amplifiers (op‐amps). It aims to evaluate the real effectiveness of the conventional design approach for the optimization of op‐amp settling performances.It is demonstrated that the classical strategy is quite inaccurate in typical situations in which the load capacitance to be driven by the SC circuit is small. The presented study allows a new settling optimization strategy based on an advanced circuit model to be defined. As shown by design examples in a commercial 0.35‐ µm CMOS technology, the proposed approach guarantees a significant settling time reduction with respect to the existing settling optimization strategy, especially in the presence of small capacitive loads to be driven by the SC circuit. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The contribution of the Tie2+ lineage to primitive and definitive hematopoietic cells
Authors: Tang Yuefeng , Harrington Anne , Yang Xuehui , Friesel Robert E. , Liaw Lucy 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe regulatory elements of the Tie2/Tek promoter are commonly used in mouse models to direct transgene expression to endothelial cells. Tunica intima endothelial kinase 2 (Tie2) is also expressed in hematopoietic cells, although this has not been fully characterized. We determine the lineages of adult hematopoietic cells derived from Tie2‐expressing populations using Tie2‐Cre;Rosa26R‐EYFP mice. In Tie2‐Cre;Rosa26R‐EYFP mice, analysis of bone marrow cells showed Cre‐mediated recombination in 85% of the population. In adult bone marrow and spleen, we analyzed subclasses of early hematopoietic progenitors, T cells, monocytes, granulocytes, and B cells. We found that ∼ 84% of each lineage was EYFP+, and nearly all cells that come from Tie2‐expressing lineages are CD45+, confirming widespread contribution to definitive hematopoietic cells. In addition, more than 82% of blood cells within the embryonic yolk sac were of Tie2+ origin. Our findings of high levels of Tie2‐Cre recombination in the hematopoietic lineage have implications for the use of the Tie2‐Cre mouse as a lineage‐restricted driver strain. genesis 48:563–567, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Generation of a conditional null allele of NADPH oxidase activator 1 (NOXA1)
Authors: Flaherty John P. , Spruce Catrina A. , Fairfield Heather E. , Bergstrom David E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNADPH oxidase complexes are multiprotein assemblies that generate reactive oxygen species in a variety of mammalian tissues. The canonical phagocytic oxidase consists of a heterodimeric, enzymatic core comprised of the transmembrane proteins, CYBB andCYBA and is regulated, in part, by an “organizing” function of NCF1 and an “activating” activity of NCF2. In contexts outside of the phagocyte, these regulatory functions may be encoded not only by NCF1 and NCF2, but also alternatively by their respective paralogues, NOXO1 and NOXA1. To allow tissue‐specific dissection of Noxa1 function in mouse, we have generated an allele of Noxa1 suitable for conditional inactivation. Moreover, by crossing Noxa1 conditional allele carriers to B6.129S4‐Meox2tm1(Cre)Sor/J mice, we have generated first, Noxa1‐null heterozygotes, and ultimately, Noxa1‐null homozygotes. Through the thoughtful use of tissue‐specific, Cre‐expressing mouse strains, the Noxa1 conditional allele will offer insight into the roles of NOXA1 in the variety of tissues in which it is expressed. genesis 48:568–575, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Conversion of Conjugated Enones into Enantiomerically Pure ‐Hydroxy Ketones or 1,3‐Diols – Samarium(II) Bromide Reductions of Protected ,‐Dihydroxy Ketones
Authors: Zörb Andreas , Brückner Reinhard 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAsymmetric dihydroxylations of α,β‐unsaturated ketones in the presence of Sharpless' AD mix‐β™ delivered α,β‐dihydroxy ketones or, if phenylboronic acid was present, the corresponding phenylboronates. The Cα–O bonds of these species were removed at –78 °C – in the former case after acetonide formation, in the latter case directly – in an unprecedented manner, namely by treatment with a suspension of SmII bromide in THF/MeOH. The resulting monohydroxy ketones could be reduced if so desired to give syn‐ or anti‐configured 1,3‐diols. The same diols were produced in one‐pot reductions of the α,β‐dihydroxy ketone diacetonides with SmII bromide at 0 °C. When the α,β‐dihydroxy ketone phenylboronates were treated likewise, the phenylboronates of the 1,3‐diols were obtained. Diastereocontrol in the one‐pot reductions varied from perfect to nearly absent.
Stereocontrolled Synthesis of 1,3,5‐Triols by an Iteration of Asymmetric Dihydroxylation and Deoxygenation
Authors: Walleser Patrick , Brückner Reinhard 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAsymmetric dihydroxylation of the Cγ=Cδ bonds in trans‐configured α,β,γ,δ‐unsaturated esters, carbonate formation, and Pd0‐catalyzed deoxygenation of Cγ provided α,β‐unsaturated δ‐hydroxy esters. Protection and chain‐extension provided the corresponding α,β‐unsaturated ketones. Their asymmetric dihydroxylation in the presence of phenylboronic acid delivered dioxaborolanes. SmBr2‐mediated deoxygenation of Cα, followed by Narasaka–Prasad and Claisen–Tishchenko reductions, respectively, selectively provided monoprotected 1,3syn,3,5syn‐, 1,3syn,3,5anti‐, 1,3anti,3,5syn‐, and 1,3anti,3,5anti‐configured 1,3,5‐triols. Enones with a bulky OSiR3 group at Cδ were dihydroxylated with significantly poorer syn (vs. anti) selectivities. Dominating reagent control modulated by opposing (“mismatched case”) or enhancing (“matched case”) substrate control, respectively, might be responsible.