bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parturition After Vestibulectomy
Authors: Burrows Lara J. , Sloane Maryn , Davis Gordon , Heller Debra S. , Brooks Joe , Goldstein Andrew T. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Provoked vestibulodynia is the most common cause of sexual pain in premenopausal women. Vulvar vestibulectomy has been shown to be an effective treatment.

Aim
To determine the optimum route of parturition in women who become pregnant after vulvar vestibulectomy.

Methods
All women who underwent a complete vulvar vestibulectomy by one of four surgeons were contacted between 12 and 72 months after surgery. For all women who had a term pregnancy and subsequent delivery, the research assistant abstracted data from the charts. Descriptive statistics were applied.

Main Outcome Measures
The number of women who underwent a delivery after a vestibulectomy, mode of delivery, and rate of perineal lacerations.

Results
Of 109 women, 44 (40%) had undergone at least one term pregnancy and delivery; 23 (52%) were vaginal, and 21 (48%) were cesarean deliveries. Of the vaginal deliveries, 11 (48%) were over an intact perineum. Three (13%) women had a midline episiotomy, none of which extended into third or fourth degree lacerations and one woman (4.4%) sustained a spontaneous fourth degree perineal laceration.

Conclusions
Vaginal delivery after vulvar vestibulectomy appears to be a safe option, with no increased perineal morbidity above the general population. Furthermore, it is not an indication for a cesarean delivery.
A triple bacterial endosymbiosis in a gutless oligochaete (Annelida): ultrastructural and immunocytochemical evidence
Authors: Giere Olav , Krieger Jens 
Published: August 2010

Abstract. The gutless marine oligochaete, Olavius crassitunicatus
finogenova 1986 (Tubificidae), from suboxic to sulfidic sediments off Peru, consistently harbored 3 structurally distinct types of extracellular bacterial symbionts. Large, oval bacteria were labeled immunocytochemically, proving their nature as autotrophs. Spectroscopical analysis documented storage of sulfur in this numerically dominant morphotype. Small, rod‐shaped bacteria attained a more peripheral position adjacent to the cuticle. The third bacterial type was represented by long, filamentous forms which were often in close contact to the oval bacteria. With their curved or undulate cells, these filiform bacteria resembled spirochetes. They were clearly distinguishable and consistently found in all investigated host specimens.While molecular analyses could not be performed, structural and immunocytochemical evidence indicated that the oval bacteria seemed equivalent to the γ‐proteobacteria in related gutless oligochaetes. On the basis of morphological similarity and indications from closely related symbiotic tubificids, the possible relationship of the two other morphoptypes must remain unsolved and needs further molecular analysis. The three bacterial morphotypes live in a consistent, elaborate, and apparently obligate coexistence with a host that has completely reduced its digestive and excretory organs.
Biology and functional morphology of Kendrickiana gen. nov. veitchi (Bivalvia: Anomalodesmata: Clavagelloidea) from southern Australia
Authors: Morton Brian 
Published: August 2010

Abstract. The largest extant species of the adventitious tube‐building Clavagelloidea has hitherto been placed in the genus Foegia (itself formerly a subgenus of Brechites), the type species of which is the Western Australian F. novaezelandiae (Bruguiére 1792). Following examinations of and comparison with F. novaezelandiae and the southern Australian F. veitchi, the latter is herein placed in its own new genus Kendrickiana.Individuals of both F. novaezelandiae and K. veitchi are essentially amyarian in terms of adductor and pedal retractor muscles, but in the latter species the connection to the adventitious tube is located dorsally by an unique horseshoe‐shaped array of muscular papillae, which are inserted into holes in the tube. K. veitchi is different from other clavagelloids too in that the siphons are capable of only limited retraction into the tube. Their extension in K. veitchi is almost exclusively by hydraulic means because the complex internal siphonal muscles seen in other species of the Clavagelloidea, and which act antagonistically with extensive blood‐filled haemocoels, are vestigial. Kendrickiana can also be separated from Foegia in other anatomical respects. For example, members of the former have paired anterior suspensory muscles, and vestigial posterior pedal retractor muscles with pericardial proprioreceptors associated with them (as in Humphreyia and Dianadema), whereas the latter does not. Similarly, in Foegia there is a muscularized pedal disc, not found in Kendrickiana. Members of F. novaezelandiae are inhabitants of intertidal hypoxic muds, whereas those of K. veitchi apparently live exclusively in subtidal sea grass beds.
Balancing Bio‐Energy Cropping Benefits and Water Quality Impacts: A Dynamic Optimization Approach
Authors: Eiswerth Mark E. , Van Kooten G. Cornelis 
Published: August 2010

The relationship between bio‐energy feedstock production and water quality has received little attention from economists. Here, an optimal control model is used to determine the optimal amount of land to convert to the production of energy feedstocks, specifically ethanol corn, taking into account potential impacts on water quality. Based on comparative static analyses of an optimal control model, and a numerical application, we find that the optimal proportion of land to shift into bio‐energy production from a baseline use, such as the Conservation Reserve Program, depends on key model parameters, specifically the rate of degradation of the pollutant and the link between the intensity of bio‐energy feedstock production and the rate of change in the pollutant stock. Yet, there is a limit to how much land should optimally be converted as society must trade‐off its desire to mitigate climate change against its willingness to accept a decline in water quality. Le lien entre la production de matières premières bioénergétiques et la qualité de l’eau a attiré peu d’attention de la part des économistes. Nous avons utilisé un modèle de contrôle optimal pour déterminer les superficies optimales à convertir à la production de matières premières énergétiques, en particulier le maïs destinéà la production d’éthanol, en tenant compte des répercussions potentielles sur la qualité de l’eau. D’après une simulation numérique et des analyses de statique comparative obtenues à l’aide d’un modèle de contrôle optimal, nous en sommes venus à la conclusion que les superficies optimales à convertir à la production de matières premières bioénergétiques à partir d’un instrument de référence, tel que le Conservation Reserve Program (Programme de réserve des terres sous conservation), dépend des paramètres clés du modèle, particulièrement du taux de biodégradation des polluants et du lien entre l’intensité de la production de matières premières bioénergétiques et le taux de variation du stock de polluants. Il existe tout de même une limite quant aux superficies à convertir étant donné que la société doit faire un choix entre son désir d’atténuer le changement climatique et son acceptation d’une diminution de la qualité de l’eau.
Integral-field spectroscopy of type II QSOs at z = 0.3-0.4
Authors: Humphrey A. , Villar-Martín M. , Sánchez S. F. , Martínez-Sansigre A. , Delgado R. González , Pérez E. , Tadhunter C. , Pérez-Torres M. A. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
We present and analyse integral-field observations of six type II QSOs with z = 0.3–0.4, selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Two of our sample are found to be surrounded by a nebula of warm ionized gas, with the largest nebula extending across 8 arcsec (40 kpc). Some regions of the extended nebulae show kinematics that are consistent with gravitational motion, while other regions show relatively perturbed kinematics: velocity shifts and linewidths too large to be readily explained by gravitational motion. We propose that a ∼20 × 20 kpc outflow is present in one of the galaxies. Possible mechanisms for triggering the outflow are discussed. In this object, we also find evidence for ionization both by shocks and by the radiation field of the AGN.
Origin of optically passive spiral galaxies with dusty star-forming regions. Outside-in truncation of star formation?
Authors: Bekki Kenji , Couch Warrick J. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Recent observations have revealed that red, optically passive spiral galaxies with little or no optical emission lines, harbour significant amounts of dust-obscured star formation. We propose that these observational results can be explained if the spatial distributions of the cold gas and star-forming regions in these spiral galaxies are significantly more compact than those in blue star-forming spirals. Our numerical simulations show that if the sizes of star-forming regions in spiral galaxies with disc sizes of Rd are ∼0.3Rd, such galaxies appear to have lower star formation rates as well as higher degrees of dust extinction. This is mainly because star formation in these spirals occurs only in the inner regions where both the gas densities and metallicities are higher, and hence the dust extinction is also significantly higher. We discuss whether star formation occurring preferentially in the inner regions of spirals is closely associated with the stripping of halo and disc gas via some sort of environmental effect. We suggest that the ‘outside-in truncation of star formation’ is the key to a better understanding of apparently optically passive spirals with dusty star-forming regions.
The number density of superdense early-type galaxies at 1 &lt; z &lt; 2 and the local cluster galaxies
Authors: Saracco P. , Longhetti M. , Gargiulo A. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Many of the early-type galaxies (ETGs) observed so far at z &gt; 1 turned out to have smaller radii with respect to that of a typical present day ETG with comparable mass. This has generated the conviction that in the past ETGs were more compact, hence denser, and that as a consequence, they should have increased their radius across the time to reconcile with the present day ones. However, observations have not yet established whether the population of early types in the early universe was fully represented by compact galaxies nor if they were so much more numerous than in the present day Universe to require an evolution of their sizes. Here we report the results of a study based on a complete sample of 34 ETGs at 0.9 &lt; zspec &lt; 1.92. We find a majority (62 per cent) of normal ETGs, similar to typical local ones, co-existing with compact early types from ∼ two to ∼ six times smaller in spite of the same mass and redshift. The co-existence of normal and compact ETGs at 〈z〈 ≃ 1.5 suggests that their build-up taken place in the first 3–4 Gyr, followed distinct paths. Furthermore, we find that the number density of compact early types at 〈z〈 ≃ 1.5 is consistent with the lower limits of the local number density of compact early types derived from local clusters of galaxies. The similar number of compact early types found in the early and in the present day Universe frustrates the hypothesized effective radius evolution while provides evidence that also compact ETGs were as we see them today 9–10 Gyr ago. Finally, the fact that (at least) most of the compact ETGs at high z are accounted for by compact early types in local cluster of galaxies implies that the former are the direct progenitors of the compact early-type cluster galaxies establishing a direct link between environment and early phases of assembly of ETGs.
Apelin stimulation of duodenal bicarbonate secretion: feeding‐dependent and mediated via apelin‐induced release of enteric cholecystokinin
Authors: Flemström G. , Mäkelä K. , Purhonen A. K. , Sjöblom M. , Jedstedt G. , Walkowiak J. , Herzig K. H. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAims:  Apelin peptides are the endogenous ligand of the G protein‐coupled receptor APJ. Proposed actions include involvement in control of cardiovascular functions, appetite and body metabolism. We have investigated the effects of apelin peptides on duodenal bicarbonate secretion in vivo and the release of cholecystokinin (CCK) from acutely isolated mucosal cells and the neuroendocrine cell line STC‐1.Methods:  Lewis × Dark Agouti rats had free access to water and, unless fasted overnight, free access to food. A segment of proximal duodenum was cannulated in situ in anaesthetized animals. Mucosal bicarbonate secretion was titrated (pH stat) and apelin was administered to the duodenum by close intra‐arterial infusion. Total RNA was extracted from mucosal specimens, reverse transcripted to cDNA and the expression of the APJ receptor measured by quantitative real‐time PCR. Apelin‐induced release of CCK was measured using (1) cells prepared from proximal small intestine and (2) STC‐1 cells.Results:  Even the lowest dose of apelin‐13 (6 pmol kg−1 h−1) caused a significant rise in bicarbonate secretion. Stimulation occurred only in continuously fed animals and even a 100‐fold greater dose (600 pmol kg−1 h−1) of apelin was without effect in overnight food‐deprived animals. Fasting also induced an eightfold decrease in the expression of APJ receptor mRNA. Apelin induced significant release of CCK from both mucosal and STC‐1 cells, and the CCKA receptor antagonist devazepide abolished bicarbonate secretory responses to apelin.Conclusion:  Apelin‐induced stimulation of duodenal electrolyte secretion is feeding‐dependent and mediated by local mucosal release of CCK.
THE CHARACTERISATION AND PATHOGENICITY OF PORCINE ENTEROVIRUSES ISOLATED IN VICTORIA
Authors: Forman A. J. , Pass D. A. , Connaughton I. D. 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARY Approximately 23 viruses were isolated from healthy pigs, pigs with encephalitis, and in cases of reproductive failure. Five viruses were identified as enteroviruses and a total of 10 isolates were shown to cross‐react serologically to varying degrees. Twenty viruses were neutralised by a reference antiserum of serotype 8 porcine enterovirus.Intracerebral inoculation of colostrum‐deprived piglets with 2 of the characterised viruses caused lesions of encephalomyelitis which were not induced by oral infection. Intrafoetal inoculation of 2 sows with one characterised faecal isolate caused foetal death and abortion, but no adverse effects followed oral dosage.
The pattern of endemic parvovirus infection in four pig herds
Authors: POINTON A. M. , SURMAN P. G. , McCLOUD P. I. , WHYTE P. B. D. 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARY Serological surveys were conducted on the gilts and adult sows in 4 herds endemically infected with porcine parvovirus. The study assessed the influence of the type of management of breeders on the spread of virus infection and the influence of endemic parvovirus infection on reproductive parameters of the herd.The practice of holding gilts and sows in groups did not reliably promote infection or maintain a 100% level of active immunity amongst adult sows in 2 of 3 group husbandry herds. In the 4 herds, the prevalence of adult sows (>12 months) with active immune haemagglutination inhibition titres (> 256) ranged between 44% and 100%, while between 0% and 100% of gilts (6 to 12 months of age) had active immune titres. Fully susceptible gilts older than 9 months of age held in groups, failed to become infected by 12 months of age on farms endemically infected with PPV. In 2 herds a continued low infection rate of gilts resulted in increasing the potential of breeding animals becoming susceptible to parvovirus infection as infected sows were replaced by noninfected gilts. In both herds, epidemics of parvovirus infection followed, which were characterised by an increase in reproductive failure. Parvovirus infection during the first 70 days of pregnancy reduced the average number of piglets born alive per litter by 1.6 piglets (p < 0.05). This was due to the combined effect of more piglets being born dead per litter and an overall reduction in litter size.
Clinical pathology of experimental stephanuriasis in pigs
Authors: HUTCHINSON G.W. , WANDURAGALA L. , TAMPUBOLON M. 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARY Haematology and serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities were studied during the migration phase of Stephanurus dentatus in the livers of experimentally infected pigs. There was no evidence of anaemia but total leucocyte counts were raised and peripheral eosinophilia began 2 to 3 weeks after infection. Peak eosinophilia occurred 6 to 7 weeks after infection and levels were still elevated at 20 weeks. Lymphocyte and neutrophil numbers remained constant. Reinfection did not stimulate a secondary eosinophil response. Only aspartate aminotransferase was temporarily elevated.The gross pathology resulting from the infections is described. Several clinicopathological differences in the response of pigs to invasion of the liver by S. dentatus were noted compared to those produced by Ascaris suum but none are pathognomonic.
Outbreaks of photosensitisation and deaths in cattle due to Myoporum aff.Insulare R. Br. toxicity
Authors: JERRETT I. V. , CH1NNOCK R. J. 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARY Outbreaks of photosensitisation and deaths in cattle on 5 farms in Victoria occurred following access to Myoporum affinity insulare. Signs were observed 2 to 6 days after access to Myoporum trees or pruned branches and included depression, anorexia, photosensitisation, constipation, agalactia, jaundice, and mucosal petechiation. Serum gamma glutamyl transferase and aspartate amino transferase ievels were elevated in all cases. Gross findings in fatally intoxicated cows consisted of widespread haemorrhages and pale yellow mottling of the liver. Distinctive histological lesions of periportal hepatic necrosis and bile duct proliferation were seen in all cases.An 8‐month‐old heifer given 30 g/kg fresh minced leaves by stomach tube died approximately 70 h after initial dosing. Post‐mortem findings of widespread haemorrhage and hepatic periportal necrosis and bile duct proliferation were identical to those of field cases.
News from the Scientific Organising Committee Learning new tricks to treat old dogs
Authors: Revington Dr Maureen , Walker Natalie 
Published: August 2010

Treating elderly pets and maximising your practice returns will be in focus at this year's AVA Annual Conference. The Scientific Organising Committee is delighted that such distinguished international and local speakers have agreed to give presentations in the Small Animal (Geriatric Medicine and Surgery) and Practice Management streams at the conference.The AVA Conference will be at Hobart's Wrest Point Conference Centre from May 21–26, 2006. To see the full program and to register online visit www.ava.com.au/avaconference.
Article
Authors: JORGENSEN WK , ANDERSON GR , JESTON PJ , BLIGHT GW , MOLLOY JB 
Published: August 2010

ObjectiveTo attenuate two strains ofEimeria tenellaby selecting for precocious development and evaluate the strains in characterisation trials and by field evaluation, to choose one precocious line for incorporation into an Australian live coccidiosis vaccine for poultry.DesignTwo strains from non‐commercial flocks were passaged through chickens while selecting for precocious development. Each strain was characterised for drug sensitivity, pathogenicity, protection against homologous and heterologous challenge, and oocyst output in replicated experiments in which the experimental unit was a cage of three birds. Oocyst output and/or body weight gain data collected over a 10 to 12 day period following final inoculation were measured. Feed conversion ratios were also calculated where possible.ResultsFifteen passages resulted in prepatent periods reduced by 24 h for the Redlands strain (from 144 h to 120 h) and 23 h for the Darryl strain (from 139 h to 116 h). Characterisation trials demonstrated that each precocious line was significantly less pathogenic than its parent strain and each effectively induced immunity that protected chickens against challenge with both the parent strain and other virulent field strains. Both lines had oocyst outputs that, although significantly reduced relative to the parent strains, remained sufficiently high for commercial vaccine production, and both showed susceptibility to coccidiostats.ConclusionTwo attenuated lines have been produced that exhibit the appropriate characteristics for use in an Australian live coccidiosis vaccine.
OECD Efforts to Address the Measurement and Policy Challenges Posed by the Information Society
Authors: Wyckoff Andrew W. 
Published: August 2010

Summary The OECD has acted as a forum for the discussion of policies regarding the information society for over 20‐years, producing guidelines and recommendations in areas such as privacy of personal information, computer security, cryptography, regulatory reform of communications, and most recently on‐line consumer protection and the taxation of e‐commerce. By and large, this work was undertaken without the benefit of statistical measures. But the economic performance of a number of OECD Member countries during the 1990s underscores that the policy challenges being posed by the information society are increasingly economic in nature—how ICT is affecting productivity, growth rates, inflation, labour markets etc.—necessitating the need for statistically rigorous data. This paper outlines how recent efforts by national statistical offices to improve this situation have allowed researchers to gain new insight into the economic impact associated with ICTs and applications like e‐commerce, leading to a number of policy recommendations as to how best to exploit the economic potential of these technologies. The paper ends by outlining important policy issues that require new statistical efforts.
The Citizens' Right to Information and the Duties of a Democratic State in Modern IT Environment in the Light of the UN Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics and the ISI Declaration on Statistical Ethics
Authors: Oleński Józef 
Published: August 2010

Summary Modern information technologies, particularly the technology of very large data bases, Internet and modern mass media, have changed the processes of production, storage and dissemination of information. These technologies have a direct impact on the practical realization of citizens' rights to information. In democratic societies, in modern IT environment, information is produced and disseminated by many social and economic entities. Many producers and disseminators of information do not know or do not obey the criteria which should be met by any information delivered to the public. In this paper the advantages and the threats for the citizens' rights to information generated by the distribution and globalization of information processes in modern IT environment are discussed. It seems that for the protection of the citizens' rights to information, there is the need for specification and codification of quality criteria and standards for information produced and disseminated with the use of modern IT. Official statistics may and should play an important and active role in defining those criteria and standards. Professional ethics of statisticians and of official statistics seems to be the proper basis for that. Ethical principles of statistics are formulated in two basic documents: The fundamental principles of official statistics adopted by the UN Statistical Commission in 1994 and the ISI Declaration on statistical ethics adopted by the ISI in 1985.