bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adherence to national guidelines for surveillance after curative resection of nonmetastatic colon and rectum cancer: a survey among Norwegian gastrointestinal surgeons
Authors: Søreide K. , Træland J. H. , Stokkeland P. J. , Glomsaker T. , Søreide J. A. , Kørner H. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAim  National guidelines recommend enrollment of patients in surveillance programmes following curative resection of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) in order to detect recurrence or distant metastasis at an asymptomatic/early stage when secondary curative treatment can be offered. Little is known about surgeons’ adherence to such guidelines. In this national survey we analyse adherence and attitudes to postoperative follow up among Norwegian gastrointestinal surgeons involved in the care of patients with CRC.Method  We performed a nationwide survey of all hospitals performing surgery for colon and/or rectum cancer. The presence of a surveillance programme, the type of programme, adherence to national guidelines or report on any deviation thereof, location of follow up at the hospital or with a general practitioner (GPs) and the estimated annual volume of surgery were queried through mail and telephone.Results  All hospitals (n = 41) performing colorectal surgery responded, of which 25 (61%) conducted postoperative follow up by surgeons in the hospital outpatient clinics, four (10%) carried out follow up with a combination of hospital outpatient visits and visits to GPs, and 12 (29%) referred surveillance to the GP alone. For total reported patient numbers, almost two‐thirds (60%) received surveillance according to national recommendations through outpatient visits with the surgeon or GP, while one‐third (37%) were subject to other alternative routines. A small number (2%) received informal ‘ad hoc’ surveillance only. More liberal use of imaging outside guideline recommendations was reported for rectal cancer patients, while colon cancer patients treated in larger hospitals were more likely to be referred for GP surveillance.Conclusion  All hospitals reported having a strategy for surveillance after surgery for colon and rectal cancer, but there was considerable variance in strategy. A scientific audit of the true level of compliance, effectiveness and cost‐benefit is warranted at a national level.
Gender of the patient may influence perioperative and long‐term complications after restorative proctocolectomy
Authors: Rottoli M. , Remzi F. H. , Shen B. , Kiran R. P. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAim  Gender‐related differences in preoperative characteristics and early and long‐term outcome for patients undergoing ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA) have not previously been well studied.Method  All male and female patients undergoing IPAA at a single centre between 1983 and 2008 were compared for perioperative variables and long‐term outcome. Statistical tests were used as appropriate. A multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate the effects of gender on pouch failure.Results  Female patients (n = 1495) were younger than male patients (n = 1912) (P < 0.001). Surgery type and pouch configuration were similar, although male gender was associated with a higher use of ileostomy (P < 0.001) and a higher incidence of 30‐day anastomotic separation (P = 0.001). During a median follow up of 9.9 (female) and 9.3 (male) years, female patients were more likely to develop bowel obstruction (20.8 vs 16.7%, P = 0.02) and pouch‐related fistula (10.9 vs 7.6%, P = 0.001). Women had a higher number of daily bowel movements than men (P = 0.001), and more frequently had urgency (P = 0.001), daily seepage (P = 0.01) and pad use (P < 0.001). A higher percentage of female patients reported dietary (P < 0.001) and work (P = 0.022) restrictions and lower mental component of the Short‐Form 36 quality of life score (P = 0.018). On multivariate analysis of perioperative variables, female gender was associated with pouch failure (P = 0.05).Conclusion  The gender of the patient seems to be associated with specific differences in preoperative variables and postoperative outcomes for patients undergoing IPAA.
Osteoderm microstructure indicates the presence of a crocodylian‐like trunk bracing system in a group of armoured basal tetrapods
Authors: Buchwitz Michael , Witzmann Florian , Voigt Sebastian , Golubev Valeriy 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBuchwitz, M., Witzmann, F., Voigt, S. and Golubev, V. 2012. Osteoderm microstructure indicates the presence of a crocodylian‐like trunk bracing system in a group of armoured basal tetrapods. —Acta Zoologica(Stockholm)93: 260–280.The microstructure of dorsal osteoderms referred to the chroniosuchid taxaChroniosuchus,Chroniosaurus,Madygenerpetonand cf.Uralerpetonis compared to existing data on the bystrowianid chroniosuchianBystrowiellaand further tetrapods. Chroniosuchid osteoderms are marked by thin internal and relatively thick external cortices that consist of lowly vascularised parallel‐fibred bone. They are structured by growth marks and, in case ofMadygenerpeton, by lines of arrested growth. The cancellous middle region is marked by a high degree of remodelling and a primary bone matrix of parallel‐fibred bone that may include domains of interwoven structural fibres. Whereas the convergence ofBystrowiellaand chroniosuchid osteoderms is not confirmed by our observations, the internal cortex of the latter displays a significant peculiarity: It contains distinct bundles of shallowly dipping Sharpey’s fibres with a cranio‐ or caudoventral orientation. We interpret this feature as indicative for the attachment of epaxial muscles which spanned several vertebral segments between the medioventral surface of the osteoderms and the transversal processes of the thoracic vertebrae. This finding endorses the hypothesis that the chroniosuchid osteoderm series was part of a crocodylian‐like trunk bracing system that supported terrestrial locomotion. According to the measured range of osteoderm bone compactness, some chroniosuchian species may have had a more aquatic lifestyle than others.
Minimally invasive inguinal technique for the management of duplex ureteric anomaly
Authors: Radojicic Zoran , Vukadinovic Vojkan , Smoljanic Zeljko , Pavicevic Polina , Ducic Sinisa , Janic Nenad , Janjic Aleksandar , Perovic Sava 
Published: March 2011

Study Type – Therapy (case series)Level of Evidence 4What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add?Reimplantation of only one involved ureter in the double ureter anomaly is possible.Reimplantation of only one involved ureter in the double ureter anomaly is another viable option in the range of solutions offered for this anomaly.OBJECTIVE
To present outcomes of a minimally invasive inguinal technique for the separation of the distal part of ureters in duplex systems and for the extravesical ureteroneocystostomy of only the pathologically involved ureter.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
From November 2001 to February 2007, we performed extravesical reimplantation of only the involved ureter in 21 duplex systems, of which 14 were refluxing (megaureters) and seven had obstruction of the ureterovesical junction.
The mean (range) age of the patients was 39 (17–59) months.
In seven patients, ureterocutaneostomy (of the involved ureter only) was performed first, with reimplantation 3–6 months later, after the diameter of the ureter had decreased, to ensure safe reimplantation.
The mean (range) postoperative follow‐up was 28 (12–47) months.
RESULTS
Postoperative voiding cysto‐urethrograms (VCUGs) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), showed an absence of vesico‐ureteric reflux (VUR) or obstruction in the ureters of the first 10 patients.
In the remaining 11 patients, there was no ultrasound detectable dilatation, but symptomatic urinary tract infection developed in two of these patients. Subsequent VCUG and MRI results showed no obstructions or VURs.
CONCLUSION
Our results showed that the minimally invasive inguinal approach to separation of ureters in duplex systems and single ureteroneocystostomy of only the pathologically involved ureter represents a viable treatment option.
Does the 2008 short sale ban affect the enforcement of the Law of One Price? Evidence from Australia
Authors: Do Binh , Do Viet , Chai Daniel 
Published: March 2011

AbstractUsing evidence from pairs trading in Australia’s equity market, we study the effect of the 2008 worldwide ban on short selling on the Law of One Price (LOP). We find that the ban surprisingly does not hinder the enforcement of the LOP. Violations did arise rather frequently in the turbulent market during the ban period; however, they were subsequently corrected, with prices of close economic substitutes promptly converging to parity. We show that the working of the LOP is not driven by professional arbitrageurs. We suggest that rational, long‐only investors are likely to be the enforcer of the LOP, as these investors who are unbound by the ban, simply sell their holdings of stocks that are overpriced relative to their close economic substitutes.
The Need to Belong Can Motivate Belief in God
Authors: Gebauer Jochen E. , Maio Gregory R. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe need to belong can motivate belief in God. In Study 1, 40 undergraduates read bogus astrophysics articles “proving” God's existence or not offering proof. Participants in the proof‐for‐God condition reported higher belief in God (compared to control) when they chronically imagined God as accepting but lower belief in God when they imagined God as rejecting. Additionally, in Study 2 (72 undergraduates), these effects did not occur when participants’ belongingness need was satisfied by priming close others. Study 3 manipulated 79 Internet participants’ image of God. Chronic believers in the God‐is‐rejecting condition reported lower religious behavioral intentions than chronic believers in the God‐is‐accepting condition, and this effect was mediated by lower desires for closeness with God. In Study 4 (106 Internet participants), chronic believers with an accepting image of God reported that their belief in God is motivated by belongingness needs.
Dispositional and Stressor‐Related Emotion Regulation in the Context of a Chronic, Life‐Limiting Stressor
Authors: Stanton Annette L. , Low Carissa A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn the context of efforts to regulate emotion during chronic stressors, both dispositional response tendencies (affect intensity, negative and positive expressivity) and stressor‐related coping through emotional approach (processing and expressing emotions) are relevant to adjustment. In women with metastatic breast cancer (N = 103), contributions of self‐reported emotional processing and expression related to cancer, as well as dispositional expressivity to adaptive outcomes across 3 months were examined. In the context of high dispositional expressivity, an increase in emotional expression predicted improvements in depressive symptoms and life satisfaction. Emotional processing at study entry predicted increased depressive symptoms and intrusive thoughts, and declining life satisfaction among highly expressive women. Increasing emotional processing predicted improved depressive symptoms in the context of high expressivity. Increases in emotional approach coping were associated with a more arduous cancer experience. Findings highlight the importance of the person‐situation fit in linking emotion‐related constructs to adjustment during unremitting stressors.
Identification With Groups: The Role of Personality and Context
Authors: Sagiv Lilach , Roccas Sonia , Hazan Osnat 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIs identification a product of personality or of the context? We examine this question by adopting a multidimensional conceptualization of identification (the CIDS model) that integrates research perspectives on personality and contextual effects. We investigate (Study 1) the relationships of traits to identification with the nation (students, N = 77), the army (soldiers, N = 220), and a business school (students, N = 123). Then we show that the modes of identification vary in their stability across social contexts and in their susceptibility to contextual change. Idealizing groups' symbols (“deference” identification) is especially stable across different foci of identification (Study 2): the military and former high school (soldiers, N = 188), the business school and the nation (students, = 62), and the military and one's ethnic group (soldiers, N = 95). Perceiving the group as a central part of the self (“importance” identification) is the most susceptible to contextual effects of priming values (Study 3; students, N = 80, 60) and the group's status (Study 4; students, N = 68).
Attachment Dynamics in a Virtual World
Authors: Schönbrodt Felix D. , Asendorpf Jens B. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe study investigated the transfer of attachment working models onto autonomous agents in a virtual social environment (VSE). Participants from a community sample (N = 422; mean age = 29 years; mean relationship duration = 4.8 years) encountered three attachment‐related key scenes in a VSE: a separation with a subsequent reunion, a conflict, and an illness. In these scenarios, participants gave instructions to the main character (the “protagonist”), who had a romantic relationship with one of the other agents (the “virtual spouse”). Recorded were numerous behaviors as well as emotions participants ascribed to the protagonist. Generally, participants' attachment styles correlated as predicted with their behavior toward the virtual spouse, with βs up to.42. Thus, the study demonstrates that internal working models are transferred to the virtual relationship. This approach opens new ways to investigate attachment‐related behavior by using VSEs that allow experimental variations of the virtual partner's reactions and other situational variables.
Dynamic, Contextual Approaches to Studying Personality in the Social World
Authors: Kashdan Todd B. , McKnight Patrick E. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis special issue ofJournal of Personality, composed of eight original articles, attends to the intersection of intrapersonal and interpersonal processes. Articles adopt a contextual approach to personality with attention to the need to belong (and the lack thereof), self‐presentation concerns and styles, sexuality, curiosity, self‐regulatory strength and strategies, and dynamic methodologies and analyses to study people within relationships. In this introduction, we offer challenges and aspirational goals for personality science. In particular, we discuss the importance of context when conceptualizing and studying personality, the seduction of innovative methodologies and analytic procedures, and the value of focusing on people and heterogeneity in groups instead of simply variables. We hope that this collection of articles deepens personality science and reminds readers that to truly understand human beings, they cannot be divorced from their social milieu.
Follow‐up study of cardiac 123I‐MIBG scintigraphy in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder
Authors: Miyamoto T. , Miyamoto M. , Iwanami M. , Hirata K. 
Published: March 2011

Background:  Cardiac 123I‐metaiodobenzylguanidine (123I‐MIBG) uptake in patients with idiopathic rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) is markedly reduced, as in Parkinson’s disease (PD).Methods:  We performed 123I‐MIBG scintigrams on patients with iRBD and PD. After the initial 123I‐MIBG scintigram, we retested subjects after a mean of 2.8 years.Results:  The delayed heart‐to‐mediastinum (H/M) ratio of cardiac 123I‐MIBG uptake was not significantly reduced between the first and second study in either group (P = 0.050, P = 0.091, respectively). Follow‐up imaging revealed a mean decline of 4.21 ± 9.06% or 6.40 ± 19.02% in the delayed H/M ratio in those with iRBD or PD, respectively.Conclusions:  The 123I‐MIBG uptake findings might indicate progression early in the course of iRBD or PD, but the progression is heterogeneous and independent of development of motor symptoms.
Neural correlates of local contextual processing deficits in schizophrenic patients
Authors: Fogelson Noa , Ribolsi Michele , Fernandez‐Del‐Olmo Miguel , Rubino Ivo Alex , Romeo Domenico , Koch Giacomo , Peled Avi 
Published: March 2011

AbstractDeficits in processing contextual information are one of the main features of cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia, but the neurophysiologic substrate underlying this dysfunction is poorly understood. We used ERPs to investigate local contextual processing in schizophrenic patients. Local context was defined as the occurrence of a short predictive series of stimuli occurring before delivery of a target event. Response times of predicted targets were faster in controls compared to patients. Schizophrenia patients failed to generate the P3b latency shift between predicted and random targets that was observed in controls and demonstrated a prominent reduction of the peak of an early latency context dependent positivity. The current study provides evidence of contextual processing deficits in schizophrenia patients by demonstrating alteration in the behavioral and neural correlates of local contextual processing.
Effects of rapamycin and TOR on aging and memory: implications for Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Santos Renato X. , Correia Sónia C. , Cardoso Susana , Carvalho Cristina , Santos Maria S. , Moreira Paula I. 
Published: March 2011

J. Neurochem. (2011) 117, 927–936.AbstractRapamycin is a macrolide immunosuppressant drug, originally used as an anti‐fungal agent, which is widely used in transplantation medicine to prevent organ rejection. Target of rapamycin (TOR) is an evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinase with pleiotropic cellular functions, regulating processes such as growth and metabolism, cell survival, transcription and autophagy. TOR intervenes in two distinct enzymatic complexes with different functions, a rapamycin‐sensitive complex TORC1 and a rapamycin‐insensitive complex TORC2. Rapamycin has an inhibitory effect on TORC1 activity and it has been suggested to increase life span, an effect correlated with decreased protein biosynthesis and autophagy activation. In the CNS, rapamycin shows beneficial effects in neuronal survival and plasticity, thus contributing to memory improvement. In this review, evidence implying rapamycin and TOR in aging/life span extension and memory improvement will be discussed. Recent findings about the effects of rapamycin on Alzheimer’s disease‐associated neuropathology will be also discussed.
Pre‐treatment choroidal thickness is not predictive of susceptibility to form‐deprivation myopia in chickens
Authors: Guggenheim Jeremy A , Chen Yen‐Po , Yip Elaine , Hayet Hélène , Druel Vladimir , Wang Ling , Erichsen Jonathan T , Tumlinson Alexandre R , Povazay Boris , Drexler Wolfgang , Hocking Paul M 
Published: March 2011

Citation information: Guggenheim JA, Chen Y‐P, Yip E, Hayet H, Druel V, Wang L, Erichsen JT, Tumlinson AR, Povazay B, Drexler W & Hocking PM. Pre‐treatment choroidal thickness is not predictive of susceptibility to form‐deprivation myopia in chickens. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2011, 31, 516–528. doi: 10.1111/j.1475‐1313.2011.00827.xAbstractPurpose:  Chicks developing experimentally‐induced myopia show profound thinning of the choroid. We observed a wide range of choroidal thicknesses in a sample of normal chicks prior to their use in a pedigree‐based study of form‐deprivation myopia. Hence, we tested whether pre‐treatment choroidal thickness predicted susceptibility to myopia.Methods:  Retinal, choroidal and scleral thickness were measured using A‐scan ultrasonography in normal White Leghorn chicks (n = 891) aged 4 days old, and again (n = 498) after 4 days of monocular form‐deprivation at age 8 days of age. Refractive error was assessed by retinoscopy. Relationships between pre‐treatment choroidal thickness and other variables were investigated using general linear models and variance components analysis.Results:  Untreated 4 day‐old male chicks had choroids approximately 10% thinner than females (p < 0.001), but sex explained <2% of the overall variability in choroidal thickness. Axial eye length in these untreated chicks was not significantly associated with choroidal thickness (p = 0.25). Moreover, pre‐treatment choroidal thickness was not predictive of susceptibility to form‐deprivation myopia (p = 0.89). Heritability analysis suggested that at least 50% of the variation in pre‐treatment choroidal thickness was determined by additive genetic effects (p < 0.001).Conclusions:  Parental choroidal thickness is the major determinant of choroidal thickness in untreated 4‐day old chicks. Despite choroidal thickness potentially being indicative of ongoing emmetropisation to innate refractive errors, in this study it was not predictive of subsequent susceptibility to form‐deprivation myopia.
The emerging physiological roles of the SLC14A family of urea transporters
Authors: Stewart Gavin 
Published: March 2011

In mammals, urea is the main nitrogenous breakdown product of protein catabolism and is produced in the liver. In certain tissues, the movement of urea across cell membranes is specifically mediated by a group of proteins known as the SLC14A family of facilitative urea transporters. These proteins are derived from two distinct genes, UT‐A (SLC14A2) and UT‐B (SLC14A1). Facilitative urea transporters play an important role in two major physiological processes – urinary concentration and urea nitrogen salvaging. Although UT‐A and UT‐B transporters both have a similar basic structure and mediate the transport of urea in a facilitative manner, there are a number of significant differences between them. UT‐A transporters are mainly found in the kidney, are highly specific for urea, have relatively lower transport rates and are highly regulated at both gene expression and cellular localization levels. In contrast, UT‐B transporters are more widespread in their tissue location, transport both urea and water, have a relatively high transport rate, are inhibited by mercurial compounds and currently appear to be less acutely regulated. This review details the fundamental research that has so far been performed to investigate the function and physiological significance of these two types of urea transporters.LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Transporters. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2011.164.issue‐7