bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flame Aerosol Synthesis of Metal Oxide Catalysts with Unprecedented Structural and Catalytic Properties
Authors: Schimmoeller Bjoern , Pratsinis Sotiris E. , Baiker Alfons 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn the past two decades flame aerosol synthesis of novel materials has experienced significant growth in both industry and academia. Recent research is focused on the development of new materials in the nanosized range to be used in various applications, such as catalysts, gas sensors, pigments, and batteries. Several studies indicate that this scalable synthesis method can result in novel and metastable phases of mixed metal oxides of high purity, which may not be easy accessible by conventional wet‐ or solid‐state processes. Especially for catalytic applications this synthesis method is emerging as an attractive fast and single‐step production route for high surface area materials, often with unprecedented structural and catalytic properties. The large variety of possible organometallic precursors especially for the liquid‐fed aerosol flame synthesis makes this technique very versatile for catalyst synthesis.Using the example of the widely used vanadia‐based mixed oxide catalysts, we analyze the structural and catalytic properties of flame‐derived catalysts and compare them to corresponding catalysts prepared by classical wet‐chemistry methods. The often unique structural properties along with their control at proper synthesis conditions and their influence on catalyst performance in selected reactions are discussed. Subsequently, we give an overview of other recent flame‐made mixed metal oxide based catalysts and make an attempt to assess the potential and limitations of flame synthesis for the preparation of catalytic mixed metal oxide materials, and finally we identify future challenges in research.
Mechanism of the Catalytic Oxidation of Glycerol on Polycrystalline Gold and Platinum Electrodes
Authors: Kwon Youngkook , Schouten Klaas Jan P. , Koper Marc T. M. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis paper addresses the oxidation mechanism of glycerol on Au and Pt electrodes under different pH conditions. Intermediates and/or reaction products were detected by using an online high‐performance liquid chromatography technique (for soluble products) and online electrochemical mass spectrometry (for CO2). In alkaline media, the main product of glycerol oxidation on the Pt electrode is glyceric acid produced via glyceraldehyde. Glyceric acid is the primary oxidation product on the Au electrode, which is further oxidized to glycolic acid and formic acid at high potentials (≥0.8 V), yielding high current densities. As the pH of the solution is lowered, the glycerol oxidation becomes significantly more sluggish on both Au and Pt electrodes, which results in glyceraldehyde being the main oxidation product under neutral conditions, especially on gold. In acidic solutions, only the Pt electrode shows catalytic activity with a relatively low conversion rate, mainly to glyceraldehyde. At positive potentials corresponding to the formation of a Pt surface oxide, the PtOx surface oxide catalyzes the conversion of glyceraldehyde finally to formic acid and CO2, but only under acidic conditions. Gold catalyzes glycerol oxidation only under alkaline conditions, in contrast to a “real catalyst,” that is, platinum, which catalyzes glycerol oxidation over the entire pH range.
Discovery, Structure–Activity Relationship Studies, and Crystal Structure of Nonpeptide Inhibitors Bound to the Shank3 PDZ Domain
Authors: Saupe Jörn , Roske Yvette , Schillinger Christian , Kamdem Nestor , Radetzki Silke , Diehl Anne , Oschkinat Hartmut , Krause Gerd , Heinemann Udo , Rademann Jörg 
Published: May 2011

AbstractShank is the central scaffolding protein of the postsynaptic density (PSD) protein complex found in cells of the central nervous system. Cellular studies indicate a prominent role of the protein in the organization of the PSD, in the development of neuronal morphology, in neuronal signaling, and in synaptic plasticity, thus linking Shank functions to the molecular basis of learning and memory. Mutations in the Shank gene have been found in several neuronal disorders including mental retardation, typical autism, and Asperger syndrome. Shank is linked to the PSD complex via its PDZ domain that binds to the C‐terminus of guanylate‐kinase‐associated protein (GKAP). Here, small‐molecule inhibitors of Shank3 PDZ domain are developed. A fluorescence polarization assay based on an identified high‐affinity peptide is established, and tetrahydroquinoline carboxylates are identified as inhibitors of this protein–protein interaction. Chemical synthesis via a hetero‐Diels–Alder strategy is employed for hit optimization, and structure–activity relationship studies are performed. Best hits possess Ki values in the 10 μM range, and binding to the PDZ domain is confirmed by 1H,15N HSQC NMR experiments. One of the hits crystallizes with the Shank3 PDZ domain. The structure, analyzed at a resolution of 1.85 Å, reveals details of the binding mode. Finally, binding to PDZ domains of PSD‐95, syntrophin, and DVL3 was studied using 1H,15N HSQC NMR spectroscopy.
Fezf1 and Fezf2 are required for olfactory development and sensory neuron identity
Authors: Eckler Matthew J. , McKenna William L. , Taghvaei Sahar , McConnell Susan K. , Chen Bin 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe murine olfactory system consists of main and accessory systems that perform distinct and overlapping functions. The main olfactory epithelium (MOE) is primarily involved in the detection of volatile odorants, while neurons in the vomeronasal organ (VNO), part of the accessory olfactory system, are important for pheromone detection. During development, the MOE and VNO both originate from the olfactory pit; however, the mechanisms regulating development of these anatomically distinct organs from a common olfactory primordium are unknown. Here we report that two closely related zinc‐finger transcription factors, FEZF1 and FEZF2, regulate the identity of MOE sensory neurons and are essential for the survival of VNO neurons respectively. Fezf1 is predominantly expressed in the MOE while Fezf2 expression is restricted to the VNO. In Fezf1‐deficient mice, olfactory neurons fail to mature and also express markers of functional VNO neurons. In Fezf2‐deficient mice, VNO neurons degenerate prior to birth. These results identify Fezf1 and Fezf2 as important regulators of olfactory system development and sensory neuron identity. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:1829–1846, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Activation/Inhibition Effects during the Coelectrodeposition of PtAg Nanoparticles: Application for ORR in Alkaline Media
Authors: Schwamborn Stefanie , Stoica Leonard , Schuhmann Wolfgang 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPtAg bimetallic nanoparticles for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline media were prepared by pulse electrodeposition (PED). During PED the reduction of Ag+ ions predominates, thus an increased Ag content in the co‐deposit is accomplished. The mechanism for this anomalous co‐deposition was elucidated by potential pulse experiments, which revealed that nuclei formation mainly occurs via the reduction of Pt2+ ions. The growth of the particles is diffusion controlled leading to the formation of a Ag shell covering a PtAg alloyed region. However, the shell is not growing homogeneously on the PtAg alloy. Hence, regions of the PtAg alloy are exposed, which exhibit an enhanced ORR activity compared to a pure Ag surface.
Long‐Term Stable Silver Subsurface Ion‐Exchanged Glasses for SERS Applications
Authors: Simo Anne , Joseph Virginia , Fenger Robert , Kneipp Janina , Rademann Klaus 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe report on the formation of silver subsurface ion‐exchanged metal oxide (silver SIMO) glasses and their surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity. The samples were prepared by a combined thermal and chemical three‐step methodology and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), environmental electron scanning microscopy (ESEM), and UV/Vis spectroscopy. This unique method provides SERS substrates with protection against contamination and strong, reliable and reproducible SERS enhancement. The Raman enhancement factors of the long‐term stable SIMO glasses were estimated to approximately 107.
Development of Crystallographic Texture and In‐Grain Misorientation in CVD‐Produced Single and Polycrystalline Diamond
Authors: Mohapatra Dipti Ranjan , Jain Lokendra , Rai Padmnabh , Hazra Kiran Shankar , Samajdar Indradev , Misra Devi Shanker 
Published: May 2011

AbstractExtensive bulk and micro‐texture measurements are used to characterize single and polycrystalline diamond thin films of different film thicknesses produced using CVD. With increasing film thickness, texturing improves and in‐grain misorientation drops. This is observed for both single and polycrystalline films. Improved texturing in polycrystalline diamond can be rationalized from growth selection/advantage, however explanation(s) on the in‐grain misorientation development and its relationship with texturing, if any, remain pending.
Synthesis of Benzo[c]azocanones and Indeno[1,2‐b]pyrroles from Oxoindanecarboxylates
Authors: Behler Florian , Habecker Florian , Saak Wolfgang , Klüner Thorsten , Christoffers Jens 
Published: May 2011

AbstractEthyl 1‐oxo‐indane‐2‐carboxylate with a 1,4‐diketone motif gave a benzo[c]azocane‐1‐one derivative ― an eight‐membered ring lactam ― in a bismuth‐mediated ring‐expansion reaction with methylamine (40 % yield). Yields with other primary amines were significantly lower. The ester function in the heterocyclic product could be saponified to give the free carboxylic acid, which was further amidated with para‐bromoaniline. The molecular structure of the latter was established by X‐ray single‐crystal analysis. Benzo[c]azocanones exist in two diastereoisomeric conformations, causing double signal sets in the NMR spectra. Slow interconversion between these conformers was proved by EXSY NMR spectroscopy. Moreover, a conformational analysis by DFT calculations revealed the two diastereoisomers to be boat conformers that interconvert through a twist conformer. The maximum barrier for this process was calculated to be approximately 70 kJ/mol. Reaction of the corresponding methyl 1‐oxoindane‐2‐carboxylate with methylamine gave the benzo[c]azocanone in lower yield. A spirolactam and an indeno[1,2‐b]pyrrole were formed as further products. When using an indanone‐derived 1,4‐diketone without an ester function, several primary amines could be used in a bismuth‐catalyzed Paal–Knorr reaction to give indeno[1,2‐b]pyrrole derivatives with up to quantitative yields in several cases. Attempts to synthesize a caprolactam derivative from a cyclobutanone derived β‐oxo ester with 1,4‐diketone motif were unsuccessful.
Efficient and Stereocontrolled Construction of Homo‐ and Heterogeneously 4‐ and 6‐Sulfated Biotinylated Chondroitin Oligomers
Authors: Vibert Aude , Lopin‐Bon Chrystel , Jacquinet Jean‐Claude 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAn efficient and stereocontrolled construction of homo‐ and heterogeneously 4‐ and 6‐sulfated biotinylated chondroitin oligomers has been investigated and is reported for the first time. This procedure allowed the preparation of oligomeric chondroitin derivatives with sulfate groups at specific positions; these should be useful probes for the study of the starting point of the polymerization reaction as well as the substrate specificity of sulfotransferases involved in the biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate chains.
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of the C3–C11‐Fragment of Borrelidin
Authors: Theurer Matthias , El Baz Yana , Koschorreck Katja , Urlacher Vlada B. , Rauhut Guntram , Baro Angelika , Laschat Sabine 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe ex‐chiral pool synthesis of the Theodorakis C3–C11 fragment of borrelidin (1) by a chemoenzymatic approach in nine steps and 12 % overall yield starting from enantiopure methyl‐branched preen gland wax esters is described. In the initial reaction, the wax ester was (ω‐1)‐hydroxylated regioselectively by using a mutant of the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase CYP102A1 as biocatalyst. The fourthstereocenter in the C3–C11 fragment was generated by chiral auxiliary mediated alkylation. In order to explain the experimental results of the alternative epimerization of an all‐syn polypropionate, quantum chemical calculations were performed at the B3LYP/cc‐pVDZ level.
Aminophosphines derived from N‐phenylpiperazine and N‐ethylpiperazine: Synthesis, oxidation reactions, and molybdenum complexes
Authors: Sarıöz Özlem , Öznergiz Sena , Saraçoglu Hanife , Büyükgüngör Orhan 
Published: May 2011

AbstractFunctionalized aminophosphine of the type Ph2PNR2 (1,2) have been synthesized by treating Ph2PCl with N‐phenylpiperazine or N‐ethylpiperazine. Oxidation of these ligands with aqueous hydrogen peroxide, elemental sulfur or selenium afforded the corresponding phosphine oxides 3,4, sulfides 5,6, and selenides 7,8 in good yields. The molybdenum complexes of the aminophosphines have been obtained. All new compounds were fully characterized by IR, NMR, and microanalysis, and the molecular structures of two representative compounds were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 22:679–686, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20733
Valuing states from multiple measures on the same visual analogue sale: a feasibility study
Authors: Rowen Donna , Brazier John , Tsuchiya Aki , Alava Mónica Hernández 
Published: May 2011

SUMMARYPrevious methods of empirical mapping involve using regressions on patient or general population self‐reported data from datasets involving two or more measures. This approach relies on overlap in the descriptive systems of the measures and assumes it is appropriate to use different measures on the same population, which may not always be the case. This paper presents a feasibility study for a new approach to mapping between preference‐based measures (PBM) using general population visual analogue scale (VAS) values as a common yardstick. We use data from a valuation study of 502 members of the UK general population, where, using ranking and VAS tasks, interviewees simultaneously valued health states defined by three of six PBM: EQ‐5D (generic), SF‐6D (generic), HUI2 (generic for children and adults), AQL‐5D (asthma specific), OPUS (social care specific) and ICECAP (capabilities). Regression techniques are used to estimate the relationship between these VAS values and the original value set (i.e. ‘tariff’). These results are subsequently used to estimate the relationship between all six PBM to enable ‘value‐based mapping’ between measures. This new method of mapping potentially has a useful role in evidence synthesis and cross programme comparisons in studies using different measures. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of inundation areas resulting from the diversion of an extreme discharge towards the sea: case study in Tabasco, Mexico
Authors: Pedrozo‐Acuña Adrián , Mariño‐Tapia I , Enriquez C , Medellín Mayoral Gabriela , González Villareal Fernando J. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis investigation comprises the hydraulic characterisation of a river located in the Mexican State of Tabasco, including the performance of its flood plain under the action of an extreme river discharge. This is done through the combination of a high‐quality validation dataset, remote sensing information, and a standard 2D numerical model. The dataset was collected during an intensive field campaign that took place in August 2009. In particular, in situ measurements of river discharge, bathymetry, water level, and velocities through a whole tidal cycle are employed along with multi‐spectral satellite imagery. The purpose of this study is twofold. Firstly, the integrated approach comprising the combination of a 2D hydrodynamic model, high‐quality in situ measurements and satellite imagery reduce the uncertainty in the model parameterisation and results. Secondly, it is shown that freely available sources of information, such as the Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) data can be processed and utilized in 2D hydraulic models. This is particularly important in countries where high‐resolution elevation data is not yet available. It is demonstrated that the selected approach is useful when the study of possible consequences in a flood plain induced by an extreme flood discharge are sought. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of bacterial adhesion and cellular proliferation on newly developed three‐dimensional scaffolds manufactured by rapid prototyping technology
Authors: Al‐Ahmad A. , Schubert C. , Carvalho C. , Thoman Y. , Wittmer A. , Metzger M. , Hellwig E. , Swieszkowski W. , Wiedmann‐Al‐Ahmad M. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractScaffolds used in the field of tissue engineering should facilitate the adherence, spreading, and ingrowth of cells as well as prevent microbial adherence. For the first time, this study simultaneously deals with microbial and tissue cell adhesion to rapid prototyping‐produced 3D‐scaffolds. The cell growth of human osteosarcoma cells (CAL‐72) over a time period of 3–11 days were examined on three scaffolds (PLGA, PLLA, PLLA‐TCP) and compared to the adhesion of salivary microorganisms and representative germs of the oral flora (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella nigrescens, Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, and Streptococcus sanguinis). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cell proliferation measurements, and determination of the colony forming units (CFU) were performed. The cell proliferation rates on PLLA and PLLA‐TCP after 3, 7, and 11 days of cultivation were higher than on PLGA. On day 3 the proliferation rates on PLLA and PLLA‐TCP, and on day 5 on PLLA‐TCP, proved to be significantly higher compared to that of the control (culture plate). The strain which showed the most CFUs on all of the investigated scaffolds was P. gingivalis, followed by E. faecalis. No significant CFU differences were determined examining P. gingivalis among the biomaterials. In contrast, E. faecalis was significantly more adherent to PLGA and PLLA compared to PLLA‐TCP. The lowest CFU values were seen with C. albicans and P. nigrescens. Salivary born aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms adhered significantly more to PLGA compared to PLLA‐TCP. These results supported by SEM point out the high potential of PLLA‐TCP in the field of tissue engineering. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 2011.
Modulation of immunological properties of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells by collagen scaffolds in cartilage tissue engineering
Authors: Yuan Tun , Li Kuifeng , Guo Likun , Fan Hongsong , Zhang Xingdong 
Published: May 2011

AbstractInfluence of the structures of some collagen scaffolds on immunological properties of the seeded allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) was studied in this article. Hydrogels, sponge, and membrane were prepared from type‐I collagen. These scaffolds were seeded with neonatal rabbit MSCs and cultured for different periods. Changes of the immunological properties associated with different scaffolds were analyzed and compared. It was found that the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II molecules on MSCs increased gradually in all scaffolds, but the least increment was recorded in hydrogels. Mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) showed that the MSC‐hydrogel constructs invoked considerably low allogeneic lymphocytes proliferation. Even in presence of interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ), the hydrogels with higher concentration gave comparatively lower increment of MHC‐II expression and allogeneic lymphocytes proliferation. These results suggest that different scaffold structures may provide different microenvironments and extents of isolation from the host immune system for the seed cells, thereby affecting their immunological properties. Therefore, scaffold structures may modulate the immunological properties of tissue‐engineered cartilage with allogeneic cells. Hydrogels, especially which were prepared from higher collagen concentrations, were found to be a promising scaffold structure, from the perspective of avoiding severe immune rejection. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 2011.
Sonographic findings in a case of polyneuropathy associated with POEMS syndrome
Authors: Yanik Bahar , Conkbayir ISIK , Keyik Bahri , Yoldas Tahir Kurtulus 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPolyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, M protein and skin changes (POEMS) syndrome is a rare multi‐system disease. We describe the ultrasonography (US) and color Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS) findings of peripheral neuropathy in a patient with POEMS syndrome. In US examination, peripheral nerves were found to be diffusely thickned in both upper limbs. CDUS imaging showed arterial blood flow with low systolic peaks on the nerves. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 2011
Pararectal mass: An atypical location of splenosis
Authors: Akay Sinan , Ilica Ahmet Turan , Battal Bilal , Karaman Bulent , Guvenc Inanc 
Published: May 2011

AbstractSplenosis is the autotransplantation of splenic tissue resulting from the dissemination of cells from the pulp of the spleen after splenic injury or splenectomy. Implants can be found anywhere in the peritoneal cavity, especially on the serosal surfaces of small and large bowel, in the mesentery and diaphragm, implanted in visceral organs, within the thorax and brain, and in surgical scars and may vary in number, shape, and size. We described the sonographic, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings of pararectal splenosis in a 23‐year‐old man. The lesions appeared as multiple, well‐circumscribed, small, round, homogenously solid masses of different sizes at the retrovesical and pelvic region detected during the imaging workup of Behçet disease. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 40:443–447, 2012
An oxidative alkylamination of 1,3,7‐triazapyrenes in the aqueous medium
Authors: Borovlev Ivan , Demidov Oleg , Saigakova Nadezhda , Pisarenko Sergey , Nemykina Olesya 
Published: May 2011

Abstract1,3,7‐Triazapyrene and 2‐methyl‐1,3,7‐triazapyrene have shown to react with a wide range of alkylamines in the presence of an oxidant (K3Fe(CN)6) in the water solution at room temperature to give rise to the corresponding 6‐mono‐alkyl(dialkyl)amino‐ and 6,8‐bis‐dialkylamino derivatives. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
Solvent‐free synthesis of new 2,4,6‐triarylpyridines catalyzed by a Brønsted acidic ionic liquid as a green and reusable catalyst
Authors: Behmadi Hossein , Naderipour Shima , Saadati Seyed Mahdi , Barghamadi Mohammad , Shaker Mohammad , Tavakoli‐Hoseini Niloofar 
Published: May 2011

AbstractSome new 4‐(aryl)‐2,6‐di‐2‐naphthylpyridines and 4‐(aryl)‐2,6‐di‐2‐thienylpyridines have been prepared through three‐component condensation of 2‐acetylnaphthalene or 2‐acetylthiophene, aromatic aldehydes, and ammonium acetate in presence of 1‐(4‐sulfonylbutyl) pyridinium hydrogensulfate [(CH2)4SO3HPy][HSO4], a Brønsted acidic ionic liquid as a green and reusable catalyst in solvent‐free conditions. Also some new 4,4'‐(1,4‐phenylene)‐bis‐(2,6‐di‐aryl pyridine) was prepared. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).