bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pentecostal Ecclesiology and Eucharistic Hospitality: Toward a Systematic and Ecumenical Account of the Church
Authors: Vondey Wolfgang 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA systematic and ecumenical ecclesiology among Pentecostals is still in the making. The present article suggests that eucharistic hospitality is a suitable starting point for this endeavor. This notion exceeds the traditional confines of a sacramental approach to the nature of the church by rooting the Christian community more firmly in the foundational dimensions of companionship and hospitality. Central to these essential dimensions of the Christian life is the discipline of spiritual discernment, which continues to be neglected in most ecclesiologies. Moreover, the eucharistic meal itself has been entirely disregarded as an instrument of ecumenical discernment. From an analysis of the spiritual practice of discernment, in general, and in the context of the eucharistic meal, in particular, emerges an ecclesiology that emphasizes universal companionship among the faithful and hospitality to all creation. This perspective presents the greatest challenge and opportunity to Pentecostal eucharistic practice, ecumenical engagement, and ecclesiology.
Trust Management as a Legal Form of Managing State Property in Russia
Authors: Benevolenskaya Zlata 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn Russia, trust management (doveritel'noe upravlenie) is a civil-law institution regulated by the 1994 Russian Civil Code (Chap.53). There has been no small amount of criticism by Russian scholars of the trust doctrine. In part, this is a function of the fact that trust management of property in Russia has common-law roots, based on the fundamental principles of trust. Furthermore, trust management differs from the (Soviet) concepts of 'economic ownership' (khoziaistvennoe vedenie) and 'administrative (operative) management' (operativnoe upravlenie), on the one hand, and from the classic common-law form of trust, on the other. The transplant of foreign experience into Russia has had an influence on the restructuring of the Russian economy as a result of the intent of Russian legislators to introduce legal institutions that work in other legal systems embedded in market economies. In political terms, this has led to a legal model of trust management of property in Russian legislation that is a competitive and alternative legal model to the right of economic ownership and operative management. These latter two constructs traditionally enjoyed exclusive and absolute domination in the sphere of managing state property in the administrative-command economic system in the Soviet Union, and still predominate in Russia today.
Ocean Response to Wind Variations, Warm Water Volume, and Simple Models of ENSO in the Low-Frequency Approximation
Authors: Fedorov Alexey V. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Physical processes that control ENSO are relatively fast. For instance, it takes only several months for a Kelvin wave to cross the Pacific basin (Tk ≈ 2 months), while Rossby waves travel the same distance in about half a year. Compared to such short time scales, the typical periodicity of El Niño is much longer (T ≈ 2–7 yr). Thus, ENSO is fundamentally a low-frequency phenomenon in the context of these faster processes. Here, the author takes advantage of this fact and uses the smallness of the ratio ɛk = Tk/T to expand solutions of the ocean shallow-water equations into power series (the actual parameter of expansion also includes the oceanic damping rate). Using such an expansion, referred to here as the low-frequency approximation, the author relates thermocline depth anomalies to temperature variations in the eastern equatorial Pacific via an explicit integral operator. This allows a simplified formulation of ENSO dynamics based on an integro-differential equation. Within this formulation, the author shows how the interplay between wind stress curl and oceanic damping rates affects 1) the amplitude and periodicity of El Niño and 2) the phase lag between variations in the equatorial warm water volume and SST in the eastern Pacific. A simple analytical expression is derived for the phase lag. Further, applying the low-frequency approximation to the observed variations in SST, the author computes thermocline depth anomalies in the western and eastern equatorial Pacific to show a good agreement with the observed variations in warm water volume. Ultimately, this approach provides a rigorous framework for deriving other simple models of ENSO (the delayed and recharge oscillators), highlights the limitations of such models, and can be easily used for decadal climate variability in the Pacific.
Statistical Analyses of Land–Atmosphere Feedbacks and Their Possible Pitfalls
Authors: Orlowsky Boris , Seneviratne Sonia I. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
In some regions of the world, soil moisture has a typical memory for atmospheric processes and can also feed back to the latter. Thus, a better understanding of feedbacks between soil moisture and the atmosphere could provide promising perspectives for increased seasonal predictability. Besides numerical simulations, statistical analysis of existing GCM simulations or observational data has been used to study such feedbacks. By referring to a recent statistical analysis of soil moisture–precipitation feedbacks in GCM simulations, the authors illustrate potential pitfalls of statistical approaches in this context: (i) most importantly, apparent soil moisture–precipitation feedbacks can often as well or even better be attributed to the influence of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) on precipitation and (ii) the discrepancy between different GCMs is large, which makes the aggregation of individual model results difficult. These aspects need to be carefully evaluated in statistical analyses of land–atmosphere coupling. Results for soil moisture–temperature feedbacks complement the precipitation analysis.
Interannual Variations of Arctic Cloud Types in Relation to Sea Ice
Authors: Eastman Ryan , Warren Stephen G. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Sea ice extent and thickness may be affected by cloud changes, and sea ice changes may in turn impart changes to cloud cover. Different types of clouds have different effects on sea ice. Visual cloud reports from land and ocean regions of the Arctic are analyzed here for interannual variations of total cloud cover and nine cloud types, and their relation to sea ice.
Over the high Arctic, cloud cover shows a distinct seasonal cycle dominated by low stratiform clouds, which are much more common in summer than winter. Interannual variations of cloud amounts over the Arctic Ocean show significant correlations with surface air temperature, total sea ice extent, and the Arctic Oscillation. Low ice extent in September is generally preceded by a summer with decreased middle and precipitating clouds. Following a low-ice September there is enhanced low cloud cover in autumn. Total cloud cover appears to be greater throughout the year during low-ice years.
Multidecadal trends from surface observations over the Arctic Ocean show increasing cloud cover, which may promote ice loss by longwave radiative forcing. Trends are positive in all seasons, but are most significant during spring and autumn, when cloud cover is positively correlated with surface air temperature. The coverage of summertime precipitating clouds has been decreasing over the Arctic Ocean, which may promote ice loss.
Interdecadal Modulation of the Impact of ENSO on Precipitation and Temperature over the United States
Authors: Mo Kingtse C. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractData from observations and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) twentieth-century climate change model [phase 3 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3)] simulations were analyzed to examine the decadal changes of the impact of ENSO on air temperature Tair and precipitation P over the United States. The comparison of composites for the early period (1915–60) and the recent period (1962–2006) indicates that cooling (warming) over the south and warming (cooling) over the north during ENSO warm (cold) winters have been weakening. The ENSO influence on winter P over the Southwest is strengthening, while the impact on P over the Ohio Valley is weakening for the recent decades. These differences are not due to the long-term trends in Tair or P; they are attributed to the occurrence of the central Pacific (CPAC) ENSO events in the recent years. The CPAC ENSO differs from the canonical eastern Pacific (EPAC) ENSO. The EPAC ENSO has a sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) maximum in the eastern Pacific. Enhanced convection extends from the date line to the eastern Pacific, with negative anomalies in the western Pacific. The atmospheric responses resemble a tropical Northern Hemisphere pattern. The wave train is consistent with the north–south Tair contrast over North America during the EPAC ENSO winters. The CPAC ENSO has enhanced convection in the central Pacific. The atmospheric responses show a Pacific–North American pattern. It is consistent with west–east contrast in Tair and more rainfall over the Southwest during the CPAC ENSO winters.
The Diurnal Cycle of Precipitation from Continental Radar Mosaics and Numerical Weather Prediction Models. Part I: Methodology and Seasonal Comparison
Authors: Surcel Madalina , Berenguer Marc , Zawadzki Isztar 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
The diurnal cycle of precipitation over the continental United States is characterized through the analysis of radar rainfall maps and is used as a measure of performance of the Global Environmental Multiscale (GEM) model during the spring (April–May) and summer (July–August) of 2008. The main interest is to determine the effects of different types of forcing (synoptic versus thermal) on the average daily variability of precipitation and on the model’s representation of it. A secondary objective is to study the interannual variability of the diurnal cycle. The investigation is based on the analysis of time–longitude diagrams of precipitation fields, of average statistics, and of model skill scores.
The results show that the main differences between the spring and summer diurnal cycles are the duration of propagating systems, the frequency of convective events in the southeastern United States, and more interannual variability of the spring diurnal cycle. However, most interesting is that the timing of precipitation initiation over the Rockies is in phase with the cycle of solar warming for both seasons, despite the strong synoptic forcing during spring. Also, east of the Rockies, the diurnal cycle is mainly determined by transport mechanism and is consequently out of phase with the solar cycle.
While GEM represents fairly well the timing of precipitation initiation along the Rockies during both seasons, it fails to correctly depict the propagation characteristics of these systems. During spring, the simulated systems show more variability in propagation paths than observed, while during summer, the observed propagation is simply not captured by GEM. This is probably a consequence of different propagation mechanisms acting in the model and in the atmosphere, and between spring and summer.
Standardizing the intensity of upper limb treatment in rehabilitation medicine
Authors: Wallace AC , Talelli P. , Dileone M. , Oliver R. , Ward N. , Cloud G. , Greenwood R. , Di Lazzaro V. , Rothwell JC , Marsden JF 
Published: March 2010

Objective: To describe a treatment protocol for the upper limb that standardizes intensity of therapy input regardless of the severity of presentation. Design: The protocol is described (Part 1) and feasibility and effect explored (Part 2). Subjects: Participants (n = 11) had a single ischaemic stroke in the middle cerebral artery territory more than one year previously, and had residual weakness of the hand with some extension present at the wrist and the ability to grasp. Interventions: Following two baseline assessments, participants attended therapy for 1 hour a day for 10 consecutive working days. Treatment consisted of a combination of strength and functional task training. Outcomes were measured immediately after training, at one month and three months. Outcome measures: Intensity was measured with Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion. Secondary outcome measures included Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), nine-hole peg test, and Goal Attainment Scale. Results: Borg scores indicated that the level of intensity was appropriate and similar across all participants despite individual differences in the severity of their initial presentation (median (interquartile range) = 14 (13—15)). The mean ARAT score significantly increased by 6.8 points (χ2(3) = 15.618, P<0.001), and was maintained at three-month follow-up (z = - 2.384, P = 0.016). The nine-hole peg test also showed a main effect of time and 88% of goals set were achieved. Conclusions: The physiotherapy protocol standardized intensity of treatment by grading exercise and task-related practice according to the person’s residual ability, rather than simply standardizing treatment times. It was feasible and well tolerated in this group.
A new protein binding pocket similarity measure based on comparison of clouds of atoms in 3D: application to ligand prediction
Authors: Hoffmann Brice , Zaslavskiy Mikhail , Vert Jean-Philippe , Stoven Véronique 
Published: March 2010

Abstract

Background
Predicting which molecules can bind to a given binding site of a protein with known 3D structure is important to decipher the protein function, and useful in drug design. A classical assumption in structural biology is that proteins with similar 3D structures have related molecular functions, and therefore may bind similar ligands. However, proteins that do not display any overall sequence or structure similarity may also bind similar ligands if they contain similar binding sites. Quantitatively assessing the similarity between binding sites may therefore be useful to propose new ligands for a given pocket, based on those known for similar pockets.

Results
We propose a new method to quantify the similarity between binding pockets, and explore its relevance for ligand prediction. We represent each pocket by a cloud of atoms, and assess the similarity between two pockets by aligning their atoms in the 3D space and comparing the resulting configurations with a convolution kernel. Pocket alignment and comparison is possible even when the corresponding proteins share no sequence or overall structure similarities. In order to predict ligands for a given target pocket, we compare it to an ensemble of pockets with known ligands to identify the most similar pockets. We discuss two criteria to evaluate the performance of a binding pocket similarity measure in the context of ligand prediction, namely, area under ROC curve (AUC scores) and classification based scores. We show that the latter is better suited to evaluate the methods with respect to ligand prediction, and demonstrate the relevance of our new binding site similarity compared to existing similarity measures.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates the relevance of the proposed method to identify ligands binding to known binding pockets. We also provide a new benchmark for future work in this field. The new method and the benchmark are available at http://cbio.ensmp.fr/paris/.
High-throughput and single-cell imaging of NF-κB oscillations using monoclonal cell lines
Authors: Bartfeld Sina , Hess Simone , Bauer Bianca , Machuy Nikolaus , Ogilvie Lesley A , Schuchhardt Johannes , Meyer Thomas F 
Published: March 2010

Abstract

Background
The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) family of transcription factors plays a role in a wide range of cellular processes including the immune response and cellular growth. In addition, deregulation of the NF-κB system has been associated with a number of disease states, including cancer. Therefore, insight into the regulation of NF-κB activation has crucial medical relevance, holding promise for novel drug target discovery. Transcription of NF-κB-induced genes is regulated by differential dynamics of single NF-κB subunits, but only a few methods are currently being applied to study dynamics. In particular, while oscillations of NF-κB activation have been observed in response to the cytokine tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), little is known about the occurrence of oscillations in response to bacterial infections.

Results
To quantitatively assess NF-κB dynamics we generated human and murine monoclonal cell lines that stably express the NF-κB subunit p65 fused to GFP. Furthermore, a high-throughput assay based on automated microscopy coupled to image analysis to quantify p65-nuclear translocation was established. Using this assay, we demonstrate a stimulus- and cell line-specific temporal control of p65 translocation, revealing, for the first time, oscillations of p65 translocation in response to bacterial infection. Oscillations were detected at the single-cell level using real-time microscopy as well as at the population level using high-throughput image analysis. In addition, mathematical modeling of NF-κB dynamics during bacterial infections predicted masking of oscillations on the population level in asynchronous activations, which was experimentally confirmed.

Conclusions
Taken together, this simple and cost effective assay constitutes an integrated approach to infer the dynamics of NF-κB kinetics in single cells and cell populations. Using a single system, novel factors modulating NF-κB can be identified and analyzed, providing new possibilities for a wide range of applications from therapeutic discovery and understanding of disease to host-pathogen interactions.
Activation of p38 MAPK pathway in the skull abnormalities of Apert syndrome Fgfr2+P253R mice
Authors: Wang Yingli , Sun Miao , Uhlhorn Victoria L , Zhou Xueyan , Peter Inga , Martinez-Abadias Neus , Hill Cheryl A , Percival Christopher J , Richtsmeier Joan T , Huso David L , Jabs Ethylin Wang 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Background
Apert syndrome is characterized by craniosynostosis and limb abnormalities and is primarily caused by FGFR2 +/P253R and +/S252W mutations. The former mutation is present in approximately one third whereas the latter mutation is present in two-thirds of the patients with this condition. We previously reported an inbred transgenic mouse model with the Fgfr2 +/S252W mutation on the C57BL/6J background for Apert syndrome. Here we present a mouse model for the Fgfr2+/P253R mutation.

Results
We generated inbred Fgfr2+/P253Rmice on the same C56BL/6J genetic background and analyzed their skeletal abnormalities. 3D micro-CT scans of the skulls of the Fgfr2+/P253Rmice revealed that the skull length was shortened with the length of the anterior cranial base significantly shorter than that of the Fgfr2+/S252Wmice at P0. The Fgfr2+/P253Rmice presented with synostosis of the coronal suture and proximate fronts with disorganized cellularity in sagittal and lambdoid sutures. Abnormal osteogenesis and proliferation were observed at the developing coronal suture and long bones of the Fgfr2+/P253Rmice as in the Fgfr2+/S252Wmice. Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) was observed in the Fgfr2+/P253Rneurocranium with an increase in phosphorylated p38 as well as ERK1/2, whereas phosphorylated AKT and PKCα were not obviously changed as compared to those of wild-type controls. There were localized phenotypic and molecular variations among individual embryos with different mutations and among those with the same mutation.

Conclusions
Our in vivo studies demonstrated that the Fgfr2 +/P253R mutation resulted in mice with cranial features that resemble those of the Fgfr2+/S252Wmice and human Apert syndrome. Activated p38 in addition to the ERK1/2 signaling pathways may mediate the mutant neurocranial phenotype. Though Apert syndrome is traditionally thought to be a consistent phenotype, our results suggest localized and regional variations in the phenotypes that characterize Apert syndrome.
Characterization of the ovine ribosomal protein SA gene and its pseudogenes
Authors: Van den Broeke Alice , Van Poucke Mario , Marcos-Carcavilla Ane , Hugot Karine , Hayes Hélène , Bertaud Maud , Van Zeveren Alex , Peelman Luc J 
Published: March 2010

Abstract

Background
The ribosomal protein SA (RPSA), previously named 37-kDa laminin receptor precursor/67-kDa laminin receptor (LRP/LR) is a multifunctional protein that plays a role in a number of pathological processes, such as cancer and prion diseases. In all investigated species, RPSA is a member of a multicopy gene family consisting of one full length functional gene and several pseudogenes. Therefore, for studies on RPSA related pathways/pathologies, it is important to characterize the whole family and to address the possible function of the other RPSA family members. The present work aims at deciphering the RPSA family in sheep.

Results
In addition to the full length functional ovine RPSA gene, 11 other members of this multicopy gene family, all processed pseudogenes, were identified. Comparison between the RPSA transcript and these pseudogenes shows a large variety in sequence identities ranging from 99% to 74%. Only one of the 11 pseudogenes, i.e. RPSAP7, shares the same open reading frame (ORF) of 295 amino acids with the RPSA gene, differing in only one amino acid. All members of the RPSA family were annotated by comparative mapping and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) localization. Transcription was investigated in the cerebrum, cerebellum, spleen, muscle, lymph node, duodenum and blood, and transcripts were detected for 6 of the 11 pseudogenes in some of these tissues.

Conclusions
In the present work we have characterized the ovine RPSA family. Our results have revealed the existence of 11 ovine RPSA pseudogenes and provide new data on their structure and sequence. Such information will facilitate molecular studies of the functional RPSA gene taking into account the existence of these pseudogenes in the design of experiments. It remains to be investigated if the transcribed members are functional as regulatory non-coding RNA or as functional proteins.
The Botrytis cinerea xylanase Xyn11A contributes to virulence with its necrotizing activity, not with its catalytic activity
Authors: Noda Judith , Brito Nélida , González Celedonio 
Published: March 2010

Abstract

Background
The Botrytis cinerea xylanase Xyn11A has been previously shown to be required for full virulence of this organism despite its poor contribution to the secreted xylanase activity and the low xylan content of B. cinerea hosts. Intriguingly, xylanases from other fungi have been shown to have the property, independent of the xylan degrading activity, to induce necrosis when applied to plant tissues, so we decided to test the hypothesis that secreted Xyn11A contributes to virulence by promoting the necrosis of the plant tissue surrounding the infection, therefore facilitating the growth of this necrotroph.

Results
We show here that Xyn11A has necrotizing activity on plants and that this capacity is conserved in site-directed mutants of the protein lacking the catalytic activity. Besides, Xyn11A contributes to the infection process with the necrotizing and not with the xylan hydrolyzing activity, as the catalytically-impaired Xyn11A variants were able to complement the lower virulence of the xyn11A mutant. The necrotizing activity was mapped to a 30-amino acids peptide in the protein surface, and this region was also shown to mediate binding to tobacco spheroplasts by itself.

Conclusions
The main contribution of the xylanase Xyn11A to the infection process of B. cinerea is to induce necrosis of the infected plant tissue. A conserved 30-amino acids region on the enzyme surface, away from the xylanase active site, is responsible for this effect and mediates binding to plant cells.