bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No growth stimulation by CO2 enrichment in alpine glacier forefield plants
Authors: Inauen Nicole , Körner Christian , Hiltbrunner Erika 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSince 1850, glaciers in the European Alps have lost around 40% of their original area, releasing bare forefields, which are colonized by alpine pioneer species, setting the scene for later successional stages. These expanding pioneer communities are likely less restricted by resources and competition than late‐successional systems. We thus hypothesized that rising atmospheric CO2 concentration will enhance plant growth in these high‐elevation communities. Nine characteristic, perennial glacier forefield species were assembled in microcosms and grown at a nearby experimental site in the Swiss Alps (2440 m a.s.l.). The communities were exposed to an elevated CO2 concentration of 580 ppm by free‐air CO2 enrichment for three seasons. Four study species were additionally grown in isolation in containers, half of which received a low dose of mineral fertilizer (25 kg N ha‐1 a‐1) in order to explore a potential nutrient limitation of the CO2 response. Responses of growth dynamics and peak season biomass of the two graminoid species, four forbs and three cushion forming species were analysed by repeated nondestructive assessments and a final biomass harvest. After three seasons, none of the species were stimulated by elevated CO2, irrespective of mineral nutrient addition, which by itself enhanced growth in the fertilized plants by +34% on average. Increased CO2 concentration did not affect total (above‐ plus belowground) biomass but reduced aboveground biomass by −35% across all species, even in the fast growing ones. This reduced aboveground biomass was associated with higher biomass partitioning to roots. Foliar nonstructural carbohydrate concentration increased and nitrogen concentration in leaves decreased under elevated CO2. We observed downward adjustment of photosynthetic capacity by on average −26% under long‐term exposure to 580 ppm CO2 (assessed in graminoids only). Our results indicate that glacier forefield pioneers, growing under harsh climatic conditions are not carbon limited at current atmospheric CO2 concentration.
Evolution of grape seed flavan‐3‐ols during ripening of different grape cultivars
Authors: Piñeiro Zulema , Canepa Daniela , Palma Miguel , Barroso Carmelo G. 
Published: October 2011

SummaryEvolution of both catechin and epicatechin grape seed content was established for ten white and six red grape varieties during the ripening period. Chemometric techniques (cluster analysis and partial least squares analysis) were used for data analysis. An initial increasing stage and a final stabilisation step for both compounds have been observed for most varieties during ripening, including both red and white grape varieties. On the other hand, three red varieties (Tintilla de Rota, Tempranillo and Graciano) and two white varieties (Vijiriega and Muscat á Petit Grain) kept away from the rest showed particular trends. Graciano was the only cultivar that presented differences in catechin and epicatechin behaviour during its ripening period.
Effect of microwave drying on the phytochemical composition of volatiles of ginger
Authors: Kubra Ismail R. , Rao Lingamallu J. M. 
Published: October 2011

SummaryThe influence of drying methods on the volatile components of Zingiber officinale rhizomes was studied. The drying methods employed were convection (CD) and microwave (MW) drying. The drying time reduced significantly from 720 min in case of CD to 25–48 min in MW drying depending on the microwave power level (PL 100, 80, 60 and 40 correspond to 800, 660, 525 and 385W, respectively). The MW‐dried (PL100, 800W) sample retained the maximum volatile fraction (3% v/w). Seventy‐four constituents accounting for more than 99% of the essential oil from fresh ginger were identified. The concentration of major compound (zingiberene), in essential oils, was marginally increased (7%) in MW dried (PL100), whereas it was decreased not only in CD (43%) but also at other MW PLs employed in drying (25–49%). Hence, it could be concluded that MW substantially reduced the drying time and the sample dried at PL 100 retained maximum quantity of volatiles.
Antioxidant effect of turmeric powder, nitrite and ascorbic acid on stored chicken mince
Authors: Sharma Jitendra , Ponnusamy Pazhaniandi Prabhakaran , Tanwar Vinay Kumar , Das Sudip Kumar , Goswami Meena 
Published: October 2011

SummaryThis investigation was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant effect of turmeric (turmeric 1000 ppm, turmeric 5000 ppm), nitrite (nitrite 200 ppm) and ascorbic acid (ascorbic acid 500 ppm) on raw minced chicken stored at 4 ± 1 °C. Physicochemical properties [pH, water activity, cooking loss, thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value, peroxide value (PV), free fatty acid (FFA)] were evaluated on 0, 2, 4 and 6th day of storage. Highly significant differences (P < 0.01) in pH, TBA value, PV and FFA value were noticed between treatments and between storage periods. TBA values were observed to be lowest for nitrite 200 ppm and then turmeric 5000 ppm, and there was no significant difference between nitrite 200 ppm and turmeric 5000 ppm, and both were superior to ascorbic acid 500 ppm and turmeric 1000 ppm. Among different treatments, PV was found to be lowest in turmeric 5000 ppm and highest in nitrite 200 ppm. FFA value was found to be lowest in turmeric 5000 ppm and highest in ascorbic acid 500 ppm among all treated samples. It can be concluded that turmeric has potential to replace synthetic antioxidants presently used in meat processing with many added advantages.
Composite wheat–germinated brown rice flours: selected physicochemical properties and bread application
Authors: Charoenthaikij Phantipha , Jangchud Kamolwan , Jangchud Anuvat , Prinyawiwatkul Witoon , No Hong Kyoon 
Published: October 2011

SummarySelected physicochemical properties of composite [wheat/germinated brown rice (GBRF)/germinated glutinous brown rice (GGNBRF)] flours at 100:0:0 (control), 70:30:0, 60:30:10, 60:40:0 and 50:40:10 (%) were evaluated. Germination (steeping at pH 3 for 24 h at 35 °C) increased free gamma‐aminobutyric acid from 2.11 to 32.7 and 2.41 to 30.69 mg per 100 g flour for GBRF and GGNBRF, respectively. The 60:30:10 and 50:40:10 composite flours exhibited the lower peak viscosity (70.42 and 68.54 RVU, respectively). The setback viscosity of composite flours containing GGNBR was significantly lower than other flours. The presence of GBRF and GGNBRF significantly lowered specific volume and expansion ratio of breads. However, all sensory liking scores, except for appearance, were not significantly different among composite flour breads. Overall liking scores of all breads ranged from 6.8 to 7.2 (like moderately). This study demonstrated feasibility of incorporating GBRF and GGNBRF up to 50% by weight in bread formulations without compromising sensory liking.
Effect of heat treatment and individual shrink packaging on quality and nutritional value of bell pepper stored at suboptimal temperature
Authors: Ilić Zoran S. , Trajković Radmila , Pavlović Radoš , Alkalai‐Tuvia Sharon , Perzelan Yaacov , Fallik Elazar 
Published: October 2011

SummaryThe goal of this study was to develop a technology for prolonged storage of pepper fruit at low temperature, based on physical treatments and packaging materials. Physical and compositional changes of red bell pepper fruit (Capsicum annuum L. cv.’Selika’) were monitored during 21 days of cold storage (at 2 °C) plus 3 days at 20 °C (market simulation). Fruits were treated with tap and hot water and stored without packaging or sealing each fruit in individual shrink packaging (Cryovac®). This research revealed that individual shrink packaging following prestorage with hot water rinse (55 °C for 15 s) over brushes, significantly reduced weight loss, softening, decay incidence and chilling injury, while maintaining a quality. The wrapped fruit ripened normally (carotenoid content increased) during shelf‐life period, when shifted to 20 °C after unwrapping. This study showed that antioxidant levels of pepper fruit may be preserved during storage.
Simplified purification of chondroitin sulphate from scapular cartilage of shortfin mako shark (Isurus oxyrinchus)
Authors: Kim Seon‐Bong , Ji Cheong‐Il , Woo Jin‐Wook , Do Jeong‐Ryong , Cho Seung‐Mock , Lee Yang‐Bong , Kang Suk‐Nam , Park Joung‐Hyun 
Published: October 2011

SummaryChondroitin sulphate (ChS) from the scapular cartilage of the shortfin mako shark (Isurus oxyrinchus) was purified by two‐stage enzymatic hydrolysis and a fractional precipitation process using isopropyl alcohol. Characteristics of the ChS fraction were investigated using cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis and FT‐IR spectra. A maximum hydrolysis rate of 78.26% was achieved with 1.35% (w/w) Alcalase and 1.20% (w/w) Flavourzyme. A minimum nitrogen content of 2.89% was obtained with 1.43% (w/w) Alcalase and 1.33% (w/w) Flavourzyme, as determined by response surface methodology. The precipitation of ChS from the enzymatic hydrolysates was optimised at 40% (v/v) isopropyl alcohol, which contained 2% (w/v) NaCl to lower the nitrogen content. The precipitate was further purified via membrane filtration (molecular‐weight cut‐off, 3 kDa) to remove salt and low‐molecular‐weight materials. The ChS purified by enzymatic hydrolysis, isopropyl alcohol precipitation and membrane filtration was identified as ChS C by electrophoresis and FT‐IR spectra.
Comparison of aromatic and phenolic compounds in cherry wines with different cherry cultivars by HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS and HPLC
Authors: Sun Shu Y. , Jiang Wen G. , Zhao Yu P. 
Published: October 2011

SummaryTo compare the influence of cultivars on the production of aroma compounds and polyphenols, eight cherry varieties (six sweet and two sour) were fermented into cherry wines, and their compositions were analysed. Results showed that by headspace solid microextraction coupled to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS), a total of twenty‐first aromatic compounds, mostly consisting of esters, acids, terpenoids and C13‐norisoprenoids, were identified, and eleven polyphenols including five anthocyanins and six phenolic acids were quantified using HPLC. May Duck and Early Richmond wines contained significantly higher levels of phenolic acids (>42 mg L−1) that were associated with high contents of chlorogenic and neochlorogenic acids and also relatively high amounts of octanoic acid and β‐damascenone (odour activity values ≥1000). Hongdeng, Zhifuhong and Bing wines were characterised by higher concentrations of anthocyanins (>41 mg L−1) and also relatively higher levels of isopentyl acetate. Lapins and Governer Wcod wines were distinguished by lower concentrations of polyphenols and relatively higher contents of ethyl 3‐methylbutanoate.
Susceptibility of grapevine tissues to Neofusicoccum luteum conidial infection
Authors: Amponsah N. T. , Jones E. E. , Ridgway H. J. , Jaspers M. V. 
Published: October 2011

This study investigated the ability of Neofusicoccum luteum to infect wounded shoots, trunks, pruned cane ends, leaf surfaces, buds, berries and roots, and its further progression into stem tissues. All tissue types were susceptible to infection except roots, with highest incidences in trunks (100%), cane ends (100%), shoots (92%) and buds (88%), indicating that in New Zealand, N. luteum is primarily a trunk and shoot pathogen. In trunks, there were no external symptoms, although N. luteum could be reisolated from 60 to 70 cm acropetally from the inoculation site after 4 months, by which time the pathogen had progressed into side shoots which became necrotic. Wounded and non‐wounded buds became infected; most were killed, with basipetal progression of the pathogen into the supporting shoots. Berries wounded and inoculated at the pre‐bunch closure stage were susceptible to N. luteum infection, with isolation incidence increasing over the season and peaking at harvest, when infected berries became mummified and produced pycnidia with many conidia. The pathogen was also able to progress from berries into bunch stems and supporting canes. Results from this research have indicated that N. luteum infection can occur in all aerial grapevine tissues and progress to young stem tissues where it causes wood necrosis. Growers should remove mummified berries from vineyard trash to ensure that pruning and trimming times do not coincide with rainy periods when conidia are released and dispersed. Furthermore, the susceptibility of buds to N. luteum infection indicates the need for fungicide sprays before budburst in spring.
Meganodular anhydritization: a new mechanism of gypsum to anhydrite conversion (Palaeogene–Neogene, Ebro Basin, North‐east Spain)
Authors: ORTÍ FEDERICO , ROSELL LAURA , PLAYÀ ELISABET , SALVANY JOSEP M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA number of Palaeogene to Early Neogene gypsum units are located along the southern margins of the Ebro Basin (North‐east Spain). These marginal units, of Eocene to Lower Miocene age, formed and accumulated deposits of Ca sulphates (gypsum and anhydrite) in small, shallow saline lakes of low ionic concentration. The lakes were fed mainly by ground water from deep regional aquifers whose recharge areas were located in the mountain chains bounding the basin, and these aquifers recycled and delivered Ca sulphate and Na chloride from Mesozoic evaporites (Triassic and Lower Jurassic). In outcrop, the marginal sulphate units are largely secondary gypsum after anhydrite and exhibit meganodules (from 0·5 to >5 m across) and large irregular masses. In the sub‐surface these meganodules and masses are mostly made of anhydrite, which replaced the original primary gypsum. The isotopic composition (11·1 to 17·4‰ for δ18OVSMOW; 10·7 to 15·3‰ for δ34SVCDT) of secondary gypsum in this meganodular facies indicates that the precursor anhydrite derived from in situ replacement of an initial primary gypsum. As a result of ascending circulation of deep regional fluid flows through the gypsum units near the basin margins, the gypsum was partly altered to anhydrite within burial conditions from shallow to moderate depths (from some metres to a few hundred metres?). At such depths, the temperatures and solute contents of these regional flows exceeded those of the ground water today. These palaeoflows became anhydritizing solutions and partly altered the subsiding gypsum units before they became totally transformed by deep burial anhydritization. The characteristics of the meganodular anhydritization (for example, size and geometry of the meganodules and irregular masses, spatial arrangement, relations with the associated lithologies and the depositional cycles, presence of an enterolithic vein complex and palaeogeographic distribution) are compared with those of the anhydritization generated both in a sabkha setting or under deep burial conditions, and a number of fundamental differences are highlighted.
A common plant cell‐wall protein HyPRP1 has dual roles as a positive regulator of cell death and a negative regulator of basal defense against pathogens
Authors: Yeom Seon‐In , Seo Eunyoung , Oh Sang‐Keun , Kim Ki Woo , Choi Doil 
Published: October 2011

SummaryAlthough hybrid proline‐rich proteins (HyPRPs) are ubiquitous in plants, little is known about their roles other than as cell‐wall structural proteins. We identified the gene HyPRP1 in Capsicum annuum and Nicotiana benthamiana, which encodes a protein containing proline‐rich domain and eight‐cysteine motif (8CM) that is constitutively expressed in various organs, mostly in the root, but is down‐regulated upon inoculation with either incompatible or compatible pathogens. Ectopic expression of HyPRP1 in plants accelerated cell death, showing developmental abnormality with down‐regulation of ROS‐scavenging genes, and enhanced pathogen susceptibility suppressing expression of defense‐related genes. Conversely, silencing of HyPRP1 suppressed pathogen‐induced cell death, but enhanced disease resistance, with up‐regulation of defense‐related genes and inhibition of in planta growth of bacterial pathogens independently of signal molecule‐mediated pathways. Furthermore, the secreted 8CM was sufficient for these HyPRP1 functions. Together, our results suggest that a common plant cell‐wall structural protein, HyPRP1, performs distinct dual roles in positive regulation of cell death and negative regulation of basal defense against pathogen.
Sphingolipid Δ8 unsaturation is important for glucosylceramide biosynthesis and low‐temperature performance in Arabidopsis
Authors: Chen Ming , Markham Jonathan E. , Cahoon Edgar B. 
Published: October 2011

SummaryPlants contain a large diversity of sphingolipid structures, arising in part from C4 hydroxylation and Δ4 and Δ8 desaturation of the component long‐chain bases (LCBs). Typically, 85–90% of sphingolipid LCBs in Arabidopsis leaves contain a cis or transΔ8 double bond produced by sphingoid LCB Δ8 desaturase (SLD). To understand the metabolic and physiological significance of Δ8 unsaturation, studies were performed using mutants of the Arabidopsis SLD genes AtSLD1 and AtSLD2. Our studies revealed that both genes are constitutively expressed, the corresponding polypeptides are ER‐localized, and expression of these genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae yields mixtures of cis/transΔ8 desaturation products, predominantly as trans isomers. Consistent in part with the higher expression of AtSLD1 in Arabidopsis plants, AtSLD1 T‐DNA mutants showed large reductions in Δ8 unsaturated LCBs in all organs examined, whereas AtSLD2 mutants showed little change in LCB unsaturation. Double mutants of AtSLD1 and AtSLD2 showed no detectable LCB Δ8 unsaturation. Comprehensive analysis of sphingolipids in rosettes of these mutants revealed a 50% reduction in glucosylceramide levels and a corresponding increase in glycosylinositolphosphoceramides that were restored by complementation with a wild‐type copy of AtSLD1. Double sld1 sld2 mutants lacked apparent growth phenotypes under optimal conditions, but displayed altered responses to certain stresses, including prolonged exposure to low temperatures. These results are consistent with a role for LCB Δ8 unsaturation in selective channeling of ceramides for the synthesis of complex sphingolipids and the physiological performance of Arabidopsis.
Outcomes in pediatric cardiac transplantation with a positive HLA cross‐match
Authors: Richmond Marc E. , Hsu Daphne T. , Mosca Ralph S. , Chen Jonathan , Quaegebeur Jan M. , Addonizio Linda J. , Lamour Jacqueline M. 
Published: October 2011

Richmond ME, Hsu DT, Mosca RS, Chen J, Quaegebeur JM, Addonizio LJ, Lamour JM. Outcomes in pediatric cardiac transplantation with a positive HLA cross‐match.  Pediatr Transplantation 2012: 16: 29–35. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Previous studies have shown poor outcomes in pediatric heart transplant recipients with a high PRA or a positive direct donor–recipient cross‐match. This study describes outcomes in patients with a positive cross‐match at a large pediatric program. Pediatric heart transplant patients at a large single center between January 1993 and July 2009 were reviewed; those with cross‐match data were analyzed. Cross‐match data were available in 242/262 (92.4%) patients. Indications for transplant were cardiomyopathy (58%), CHD (32%), and retransplant (7%). PRA was ≥10% in 31/213 (14.6%) patients. A retrospective cross‐match was positive in 17/31 (55%) patients with PRA ≥10% and 0/182 with PRA <10%. In positive cross‐match patients, rejection frequency in the first year post‐transplant was higher than negative cross‐match patients (1.69 vs. 0.96 episodes/pt year, p = 0.014). There was no difference in rejection frequency after the first year post‐transplant (0.18 vs. 0.12 episodes/pt year, p = 0.14). Overall survival was not significantly different between the groups with a median follow‐up time of 4.5 yr. Heart transplantation in patients with a positive cross‐match may result in good medium‐term survival but a higher frequency of early rejection. Further investigation is warranted to define which patients with a positive cross‐match will do poorly.
Central pontine myelinolysis: A case report and clinical–pathological review
Authors: Cui Rosa , Fayek Sameh , Rand Elizabeth B. , Feygin Tamara , Khrichenko Dmitry , Shaked Abraham 
Published: October 2011

Cui R, Fayek S, Rand EB, Feygin T, Khrichenko D, Shaked A. Central pontine myelinolysis: A case report and clinical–pathological review. Pediatr Transplantation 2011. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  An 11‐yr‐old child presented with acute mental status changes and spastic quadriplegia after orthotopic liver transplantation. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings were consistent with central pontine and EPM. Initial immunosuppression included tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and corticosteroids. Given that neurotoxicity is a well‐established side effect of CNI, the patient was converted to rapamycin and subsequently experienced significant neurologic recovery. The temporal resolution of the patient’s symptoms suggests that prompt recognition of central pontine and EPM and conversion from tacrolimus to rapamycin during the early post‐operative course may have therapeutic benefits for patients undergoing pediatric transplant with CNI‐related neurotoxicity.
NADPH‐d‐Positive Mast Cells in the Canine Paranal Sinus
Authors: Stefanov I. , Vodenicharov A. 
Published: October 2011

With 3 figuresSummaryThis study aimed to investigate the enzyme histochemical expression of NADPH‐d in mast cells in the wall of the paranal sinus in male and female dogs. NADPH‐d‐positive cells with weak, medium and strong enzyme histochemical expression were observed in the stroma of the sinus near the blood vessels of the microcirculatory bed and around the apocrine and sebaceous glands. In the same areas, mast cells with similar dimensions and morphology were demonstrated by metachromasia on paraffin and cryostat cross‐sections and stained with 0.1% toluidine blue in McIlvane’s buffer (pH 3). These findings suggest that the mast cells that are located in the stroma near the blood vessels, the lining epithelium and the glands correspond with the cells with marked NADPH‐d activity. The possibility of mast cells having nitric oxide activity could be used in the regulation of mast cells function when treating paranal sinus tumours and inflammations.
Responses to Variation in Song Length by Male White‐Crowned Sparrows
Authors: Nelson Douglas A. , Poesel Angelika 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBird song has the potential to convey a variety of information about the singer, including the singer’s current motivational state. A recent review by Searcy & Beecher (2009) (Anim. Behav. 78, 2009; 1281) emphasized how little is currently known about whether song functions as an aggressive signal in territorial interactions. A recent observational study of song length variation in the Puget Sound white‐crowned sparrow reported that males shorten the terminal trill in their single song type while singing close by another male, and shorten the trill even further immediately before chasing the opponent. Here, we report the results of two song playback experiments designed to test whether males distinguish the differences in song length that occur in agonistic and non‐agonistic contexts. We found that males gave stronger responses, as measured by close approach distances, to either a series of songs increasing in duration (compared to a series decreasing in duration), or to long loud songs (compared to short soft songs). In both experiments, males gave weaker responses to the stimuli hypothesized to be more aggressive. Males shortened their songs in response to both simulated intrusions. Combined with the observational data on song variation in different contexts, these experiments support the conclusion that song length variation contains information about aggressive motivation in the white‐crowned sparrow.