bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A kinematic formula for the total absolute curvature of intersections
Authors: Gallego E. , Reventós A. , Solanes G. , Teufel E. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractGiven two surfaces in three dimensional euclidean space, one fixed and the other moved by rigid motions, we consider the total absolute curvature of the intersection curves. In this paper we investigate the integral of these total absolute curvatures over all motions. Under some geometric conditions we obtain kinematic formulas, and with weaker conditions we get upper and lower bounds. Finally, as applications, we obtain upper bounds for the average number of connected components of the intersections, and we give Hadwiger conditions for a convex domain to be able to contain another one.
Pubertal Assessment Method and Baseline Characteristics in a Mixed Longitudinal Study of Girls
Authors: Biro Frank M. , Galvez Maida P. , Greenspan Louise C. , Succop Paul A. , Vangeepuram Nita , Pinney Susan M. , Teitelbaum Susan , Windham Gayle C. , Kushi Lawrence H. , Wolff Mary S. 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVES:
The objective of this study was to describe the assessment methods and maturation status for a multisite cohort of girls at baseline recruitment and at ages 7 and 8 years.

METHODS:
The method for pubertal maturation staging was developed collaboratively across 3 sites. Girls at ages 6 to 8 years were recruited at 3 sites: East Harlem, New York; greater Cincinnati metropolitan area; and San Francisco Bay area, California. Baseline characteristics were obtained through interviews with caregivers and anthropometric measurements by trained examiners; breast stage 2 was defined as onset of pubertal maturation. The κ statistic was used to evaluate agreement between master trainers and examiners. Logistic regression models were used to identify factors that are associated with pubertal maturation and linear regression models to examine factors that are associated with height velocity.

RESULTS:
The baseline cohort included 1239 girls. The proportion of girls who had attained breast stage 2 varied by age, race/ethnicity, BMI percentile, and site. At 7 years, 10.4% of white, 23.4% of black non-Hispanic, and 14.9% of Hispanic girls had attained breast stage ≥2; at 8 years, 18.3%, 42.9%, and 30.9%, respectively, had attained breast stage ≥2. The prime determinant of height velocity was pubertal status.

CONCLUSIONS:
In this multisite study, there was substantial agreement regarding pubertal staging between examiners across sites. The proportion of girls who had breast development at ages 7 and 8 years, particularly among white girls, is greater than that reported from studies of girls who were born 10 to 30 years earlier.
Abusive Head Trauma: Judicial Admissions Highlight Violent and Repetitive Shaking
Authors: Adamsbaum Catherine , Grabar Sophie , Mejean Nathalie , Rey-Salmon Caroline 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE:
Confessions are uncommon in abusive head trauma (AHT) cases, and there is debate over whether shaking alone can cause the injuries characteristic of AHT. The objective of this article is to correlate legal statements by perpetrators with medical documentation to offer insights into the mechanism of injury.

METHODS:
In this retrospective observational study we examined forensic evidence from 112 cases referred for AHT over a 7-year period. We compared 29 cases in which a perpetrator confessed to violence toward the child with 83 cases in which there was no confession. Inclusion criteria were subdural hematoma (SDH) on computed tomography and perpetrator admission of a causal relationship between the violence inflicted and the child's symptoms. Groups were compared by using Student's t test for age and Fisher's exact test for gender, death, fractures, retinal hemorrhages, ecchymoses, symptoms, and SDH patterns. All medical records from birth to diagnosis, imaging studies, and written investigation reports were reviewed.

RESULTS:
All confessions came from forensic investigations. There was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups for any of the variables studied. Shaking was described as extremely violent (100%) and was repeated (55%) from 2 to 30 times (mean: 10) because it stopped the infant's crying (62.5%). Impact was uncommon (24%). No correlation was found between repeated shaking and SDH densities.

CONCLUSIONS:
This unique forensic case series confirms the violence of shaking. The high frequency of habitual AHT is a strong argument for reporting suspected cases to judicial authorities and helps to explain the difficulty in dating the injuries.
Effects of Upgraded Child Restraint Law Designed to Increase Booster Seat Use in New York
Authors: Sun Kainan , Bauer Michael J. , Hardman Susan 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE:
The goal was to examine the association between the New York State (NYS) upgraded child restraint law (UCRL) implemented in 2005 and the traffic injury rate among 4- to 6-year-old children in New York State.

METHODS:
A before/after comparison study of population-based, traffic injury rates for 4- to 6-year-old children, using 0- to 3-year-old children as a comparison group, was performed. The effects of UCRL on injury rates among 0- to 3-year-old and 4- to 6-year-old motor vehicle passengers were estimated by using monthly injury count data from the NYS Department of Motor Vehicles Accident Information System.

RESULTS:
Children 4 to 6 years of age experienced an 18% reduction in traffic injury rate (adjusted rate ratio [aRR]: 0.82 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.79–0.85]) after UCRL implementation, whereas the injury rate for children 0 to 3 years of age, who were not directly affected by the UCRL, did not change appreciably (aRR: 0.95 [95% CI: 0.90–0.99]). In Poisson regression analysis, the aRR for injury for 4- to 6-year-old children was 1.06 (95% CI: 0.92–1.22]) with adjustment for monthly child restraint use rates, which reveals that the significant reduction in the injury rate among 4- to 6-year-old children was mainly attributable to the 72% increase in the child restraint use rate after UCRL implementation (from 29% before UCRL implementation to 50% after implementation).

CONCLUSIONS:
This is the first study comparing traffic injury rates for booster seat–aged children before and after implementation of the booster seat law in a single state.
Receptive Language and Educational Attainment for Sexually Abused Females
Authors: Noll Jennie G. , Shenk Chad E. , Yeh Michele T. , Ji Juye , Putnam Frank W. , Trickett Penelope K. 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVES:
The objective of this study was to test whether the experience of childhood sexual abuse is associated with long-term receptive language acquisition and educational attainment deficits for females.

METHODS:
Females with substantiated familial childhood sexual abuse (n = 84) and a nonabused comparison group (n = 102) were followed prospectively for 18 years. Receptive language ability was assessed at 6 time points across distinct stages of development, including childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood. Rates of high school graduation and total educational attainment were assessed during young adulthood.

RESULTS:
Hierarchical linear modeling revealed that receptive language did not differ between the groups at the initial assessment point in childhood; however, a significant group by time interaction was observed across development with abused females (1) acquiring receptive language at a significantly slower rate throughout development and (2) achieving a lower overall maximum level of proficiency. Significant differences in receptive language scores emerged as early as midadolescence. In addition, abused females reported significantly lower rates of high school graduation and lower overall educational attainment when compared with their nonabused peers.

CONCLUSIONS:
Exposure to childhood sexual abuse may be a significant risk factor for cognitive performance and achievement deficits for victims. These findings have particular public health relevance given the high prevalence of sexual abuse and that poor cognitive functioning and low levels of educational attainment can contribute to continued adversity throughout the life course. Early intervention may assist victims in improving cognitive functioning, altering deleterious trajectories, and promoting greater life successes.
Fabrication, Characterization and Optical Studies of Cu(In1-xGax)3Se5 Bulk Compounds
Authors: Habib Dayane , El Hajj Moussa Georges , Al Asmar Roy , Ibrahim Michael , El Tahchi Mario Remond , Llinares Claude 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn this paper we present the structural and optical properties of Cu(In1-xGax)3Se5 ternary and quaternary compounds crystals fabricated by horizontal Bridgman technique. The Cu(In1-xGax)3Se5 materials were characterized by Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS), hot point probe method, X-ray diffraction, Photoluminescence (PL), and Optical response (Photoconductivity). The Cu(In1-xGax)3Se5 have an Ordered Vacancy Chalcopyrite-type structure with lattice constants varying as a function of the x composition.
A good stœchiometry given by the EDS characterization method is well observed in our samples and its magnitude deviation Δy is slight; so, our samples present a nearly perfect stœchiometry (Δy = 0) [1].
X-Ray diffraction patterns show the presence of many preferential orientations according to the planes (112), (220) and (312) of all the samples [2]. Also, it shows a linear shifting of peaks towards the higher magnitudes of 2θ when the x composition increases. These compounds can be of stanite structure [3] or an Ordered Vacancy Chalcopyrite structure (OVC) [4] or Ordered Defect Chalcopyrite Structure (ODC).
We observe a large shift of the main PL and optical response emission peak versus x composition. The band gap energy of Cu(In1-xGax)3Se5 compounds is found to vary from 1.23 eV to 1.85 eV as a function of x.
[1] Migual A. Contreras, Holm Wiesner, Rick Mtson, John Tuttle, Kanna Ramanathan, Rommel Noufi, Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 426 (1996) 243-254.
[2] Ariswan, G. El Haj Moussa, M. Abdelali, F. Guastavino, C. Llinares, Solid State Communications 124 (2002) 391-396.
[3] M. Suzuki, T. Uenoyama, T. Wada, T. Hanada, Y. Nakamura, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 36 L1139 (1997).
[4] Kristjan Laes, Sergei Bereznev, A. Tverjanovich, E.N. Borisov, Tiit Varema, Olga Volobujeva , Andres Öpik. Thin Solid Films 517 (2009) 2286–2290.
Thermodynamic Modelling of the Pd-Te-Ru System for Nuclear Waste Glasses Application
Authors: Gossé Stephane , Schuller Sophie , Guéneau Christine 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe waste management process of the French nuclear spent fuels is managed by a new vitrification conditioning step. High level radioactive borosilicate glasses are melted by induction in a cold crucible to accommodate a wide range of minor actinides and fission products. Among the fission products, platinoids precipitate in the form of (Pd-Te, Ru-Rh, Ru) metallic particles in the glass. The microstructure of these phases can affect the physicochemical properties of the melt during the vitrification process. To predict the thermodynamic properties of these alloys in the glass, a database is being developed on the Pd-Rh-Ru-Te system using the Calphad method. The binary (Pd-Te, Pd-Ru, Ru-Te) and ternary (Pd-Te-Ru) systems have been modelled. The Pd-Te-Ru ternary system built by extrapolation from the binaries enables to calculate ternary isothermal sections and thermodynamic properties of the platinoid phases between 873 K and 1573 K. Solidification paths are also calculated for Pd-Te alloys representative for those observed in the glasses. The phase composition at equilibrium and the Ru solubility limit in Pd-Te alloys are also calculated.
Deep Life and Gases in the Outokumpu Deep Borehole: Base Line Information for Nuclear Waste Disposal in Crystalline Rock
Authors: Ahonen Lasse , Kukkonen Ilmo , Toppi Taru , Nyyssonen Mari , Bomberg Malin , Nousiainen Aura , Itavaara Merja 
Published: August 2010

AbstractResults of microbiological and geochemical sampling in the Outokumpu deep (2.5 km) borehole are presented. The results indicate that the discharging fractures control the observed variations in the microbial populations at different depths, which evidently reflect true variations in the microbial populations in fractures of the crystalline bedrock.
Thermoelectric Properties of SiO2/SiO2+Ag Nanolayered Multilayer Films Effected by MeV Si Ions
Authors: Budak S. , Smith Cydale , Chacha John , Pugh Marcus , Martin Hervie , Langham T. , Harrell B. , Heidary Kaveh , Johnson R. B. , Yang Ying , Muntele Claudiu , ILA D. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe have prepared 100 periodic nano-layers of SiO2/AgSiO2 with Au layer deposited on both sides as metal contacts. The deposited multi-layer films have a periodic structure consisting of alternating layers where each layer is 3.3 nm thick. The purpose of this research is to tailor the figure of merit of the thermoelectric materials generated from the nanolayers of nanocrystals of Ag with SiO2 as host and as buffer layer using a combination of co-deposition and MeV ions bombardment taking advantage of energy deposited in the MeV ion track to nucleate nanoclusters. The electrical and thermal properties of the nanolayered structures were studied before and after 5 MeV Si ions bombardment at various fluences to form nanocrystals. In addition to thermoelectric properties, some optical properties of the SiO2/SiO2+Ag multi-layer superlattice films have been studied.
Modelling the effect of hydrogen on ductile tearing resistance of steels
Authors: Falkenberg Rainer , Brocks Wolfgang , Dietzel Wolfgang , Scheider Ingo 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe effect of hydrogen on the mechanical behaviour of steels is twofold: it affects the local yield strength and it accelerates material damage. On the other hand, the diffusion behaviour is influenced by the hydrostatic stress, the plastic deformation and the strain rate. This requires a coupled model of deformation, damage, hydrogen sorption and diffusion. The deformation behaviour is described by von Mises plasticity with isotropic hardening, and crack extension is simulated by a cohesive zone model. The local hydrogen concentration, which is obtained from the sorption and diffusion analysis, causes a reduction in the yield strength and the cohesive strength. Crack extension in a C(T) specimen of a ferritic steel under hydrogen charging is simulated by fully coupled finite element analyses of hydrogen kinetics and mechanical behaviour. The simulation results are compared with test results.
Thermomechanical representation of the stored energy during plastic deformation
Authors: Helm Dirk 
Published: August 2010

AbstractReactive air brazing offers economically and technologically advantageous joining of ceramics to metals. Solid oxide fuel cells and membranes for oxyfuel combustion are recent fields of application. However, it remains a problem that strong metallurgical reactions between brazes and base materials occur. These reactions were analysed by differential scanning calorimetry tests to get a better understanding. Therefore, three braze alloys (Ag8Cu, Ag8Cu0.5Ti and Ag4Cu4Ni) and five base materials (alumina, 3YSZ partially stabilised zirconia, BSCF perovskite ceramic, X1CrTiLa22 and X15CrNiSi25-20) were investigated. The reaction peaks correlate with the formation of reaction layers, which were observed in metallographic analysis of brazed specimens. The results help to explain the reaction mechanisms and allow optimised selection of filler metals and brazing temperature.
B7-H3 Augments the Inflammatory Response and Is Associated with Human Sepsis
Authors: Zhang Guangbo , Wang Jian , Kelly Justin , Gu Guohao , Hou Jianquan , Zhou Yinghui , Redmond H. Paul , Wang Jiang Huai , Zhang Xueguang 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
B7-H3, a new member of the B7 superfamily, acts as both a T cell costimulator and coinhibitor, and thus plays a key role in the regulation of T cell-mediated immune responses. However, it is unclear whether B7-H3 is involved in the innate immune monocyte/macrophage-mediated inflammatory response. In this paper, we show that, although B7-H3 alone failed to stimulate proinflammatory cytokine release from murine macrophages, it strongly augmented both LPS- and bacterial lipoprotein-induced NF-κB activation and inflammatory response. This occurred in both a TLR4- and TLR2-dependent manner. Blockage of B7-H3 in vivo attenuated LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokine release and endotoxic shock-related lethality. Furthermore, we found that patients diagnosed with sepsis, in contrast to healthy individuals, exhibited significant levels of raised plasma soluble B7-H3 (sB7-H3) and that this level correlated with the clinical outcome and levels of plasma TNF-α and IL-6. In addition, a putative receptor for B7-H3 was detected on monocytes and peritoneal macrophages from septic patients but not on monocytes from healthy donors. Stimulation of human monocytes with LPS and inflammatory cytokines led to a substantial release of sB7-H3. Taken together, our data indicate that significantly elevated plasma sB7-H3 in septic patients may predict a poor outcome. Furthermore, we demonstrate that B7-H3 functions as a costimulator of innate immunity by augmenting proinflammatory cytokine release from bacterial cell wall product-stimulated monocytes/macrophages and may contribute positively to the development of sepsis.
SHP-1 in T Cells Limits the Production of CD8 Effector Cells without Impacting the Formation of Long-Lived Central Memory Cells
Authors: Fowler Carla C. , Pao Lily I. , Blattman Joseph N. , Greenberg Philip D. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractDuring responses against viruses and malignancies, naive CD8 T lymphocytes expand to form both short-lived effector cells and a population containing cells with the potential to be long-lived and participate in memory responses (memory precursor effector cells). The strength of antigenic, costimulatory, and cytokine signals during responses impacts the magnitude and type of CD8 populations formed. In vitro studies have revealed that the tyrosine phosphatase Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) regulates signal transduction from receptors on T cells including the TCR, helping set the activation threshold, and therefore may shape responses of mature CD8 T cells in vivo. Analysis of CD8 T cells from motheaten mice, which are globally deficient in SHP-1, proved problematic due to cell-extrinsic effects of SHP-1 deficiency in non-T cells on CD8 T cells. Therefore, a conditional knockout of SHP-1 in mature single-positive T cells was developed to analyze cell-intrinsic consequences of complete and partial SHP-1 deficiency on CD8 T cell responses to acute viral infection. The results demonstrated that SHP-1 has disparate effects on subpopulations of responding cells, limiting the magnitude and quality of primary and secondary responses by reducing the number of short-lived effector cells generated without affecting the size of the memory precursor effector cell pool that leads to formation of long-term memory.
Violent and prosocial music: Evidence for the impact of lyrics and musical tone on aggressive thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
Authors: Warburton Wayne A. , Mohi Simone , Sweller Naomi , Tarabay Chanelle , Spencer Luke , Olsen Kirk 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAlthough there is a large research base on the psychological impacts of violent and prosocial visual media, there is little research addressing the impacts of violent and prosocial music, and which facets of the music have the greatest impact. Four experiments tested the impact of lyrics and/or musical tone on aggressive and prosocial behavior, and on underlying psychological processes, using purpose‐built songs to avoid the effect of music‐related confounds. In study one, where mildly aggressive, overtly aggressive and violent lyrics were compared to neutral lyrics, any level of lyrical aggression caused an increase in behavioral aggression, which plateaued for all three aggression conditions. Violent lyrics were better recalled than other lyrics one week later. In studies two‐three no significant effects of lyrics, or of aggressive versus nonaggressive musical tone, were found on aggressive or prosocial behavior. In terms of internal states, violent lyrics increased hostility/hostile cognitions in all studies, and negatively impacted affective state in three studies. Prosocial lyrics decreased hostility/hostile cognitions in three studies, but always in tandem with another factor. Aggressive musical tone increased physiological arousal in two studies and increased negative affect in one. In study four those who listened to violent lyrics drove more aggressively on a simulated drive that included triggers for aggression. Overall, violent lyrics consistently elicited hostility/hostile cognitions and negative affect, but these did not always translate to aggressive behavior. Violent music seems more likely to elicit behavioral aggression when there are aggression triggers and a clear way to aggress. Implications are discussed.
Classifying Individuals With Rheumatic Conditions as Financially Insecure Using Electronic Health Record Data and Natural Language Processing: Algorithm Derivation and Validation
Authors: Chandler Mia T. , Cai Tianrun , Santacroce Leah , Ulysse Sciaska , Liao Katherine P. , Feldman Candace H. 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveWe aimed to examine the feasibility of applying natural language processing (NLP) to unstructured electronic health record (EHR) documents to detect the presence of financial insecurity among patients with rheumatologic disease enrolled in an integrated care management program (iCMP).MethodsWe incorporated supervised, rule‐based NLP and statistical methods to identify financial insecurity among patients with rheumatic conditions enrolled in an iCMP (n = 20,395) in a multihospital EHR system. We constructed a lexicon for financial insecurity using data from available knowledge sources and then reviewed EHR notes from 538 randomly selected individuals (training cohort n = 366, validation cohort n = 172). We manually categorized records as having “definite,” “possible,” or “no” mention of financial insecurity. All available notes were processed using Narrative Information Linear Extraction, a rule‐based version of NLP. Models were trained using the NLP features for financial insecurity using logistic, least absolute shrinkage operator (LASSO), and random forest performance characteristic and were compared with the reference standard.ResultsA total of 245,142 notes were processed from 538 individual patient records. Financial insecurity was present among 100 (27%) individuals in the training cohort and 63 (37%) in the validation cohort. The LASSO and random forest models performed identically and slightly better than logistic regression, with positive predictive values of 0.90, sensitivities of 0.29, and specificities of 0.98.ConclusionThe development of a context‐driven lexicon used with rule‐based NLP to extract data that identify financial insecurity is feasible for use and improved the capture for presence of financial insecurity with high accuracy. In the absence of a standard lexicon and construct definition for financial insecurity status, additional studies are needed to optimize the sensitivity of algorithms to categorize financial insecurity with construct validity.