bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decoding Early Christianity
Authors: Hall Stuart G. , Gould Graham , Need Stephen , Houlden Leslie , Wickham Lionel 
Published: June 2024

The extraordinary success ofThe Da Vinci Codehas dramatically intensified interest in the mysterious origins of Christianity. But in fact there has always been huge curiosity about a wide range of contentious issues concerning Jesus and early Church history. Who was the 'real' Jesus? How much do we really know about his disciples? What is written in the 'secret' early Christian writings, such as the Gnostic Gospels? How did the Church Fathers decide which beliefs were heretical and which weren't? Who were the first Popes and how did they take control of the early Church?Decoding Early Christianityaddresses all such questions, separating truth from legend, and showing how the early Church Fathers and Popes interpreted competing views and traditions to produce, over time, an approved and codified view of Jesus and his followers, and developed an accepted liturgy with which to worship him. Expertly written by a team of highly distinguished authors, it is a clear and engaging exploration of fact and fiction for anyone who wants to be reliably informed on the subject. The authors show how speculative fancies arise from a mixture of tenuous evidence and wishful thinking, and bring the issues back to the solid - but no less extraordinary - evidence in the main canon of the Gospels and the Acts.
After Leslie Houlden's Introduction, which briefly explores the nature and context of the different issues, nine chapters, each written by an expert, tackle the evidence: 'What Did Jesus Do and Teach?' (Leslie Houlden), 'Who Were the Disciples?' (Stephen Need), 'Who Were the First Popes?' (Graham Gould), 'What is the Apocryphal New Testament?' (Stuart Hall), 'What was Gnosticism?' (Stuart Hall), 'What Was the Qumran Sect and Did Jesus Share their Beliefs?' (Stephen Need), 'How Did the Early Christians Worship?' (Graham Gould), 'Who Were the Heretics and What Did they Believe?' (Lionel Wickham) and 'What Did Constantine Do for Christianity?' (Graham Gould).
Development Projects for a New Millennium
Authors: Hira Anil , Parfitt Trevor 
Published: June 2024

Economic matters entered a new phase of importance in the wake of the Cold War. Concerns within development-assistance efforts to the Third World have also shifted. The current macro-environment of development has been accompanied by a plethora of new concerns and methods, such as how to consider gender in development projects and how to develop participatory-centered projects. Yet no text has covered many of the new approaches and techniques related to development projects, including issues of participation, gender, and evaluation—until now. Hira and Parfitt bridge these serious gaps, drawing on their hands-on experience and teaching in the field.
The end of the Cold War was supposed to bring a new era of peace prosperity, and development. However, the post-Cold War world has not led to any major improvements in development. In this book, Hira and Parfitt examine why 50 years of development have not led to the wiping out of poverty. In the first part of the book, they break down the political agendas behind development in the post-Cold War World, as well as the serious flaws in current development project management. In the remainder of the book they look carefully at a number of new initiatives that seek to correct these problems, examining carefully their promise for bringing about more tangible results.
This book provides a thorough overview of the classic concerns and approaches of development project management, including clear explanations of predominant planning and evaluation practices. In addition, the book introduces the major new initiatives in development project management, including those regarding environmental sustainability, participation, gender, and the steps needed to create a real learning environment in development project planning. The result is a guide for the project manager and policymaker who want to know the implications of recent development ideas in terms of everyday practices, as well as for the student and interested citizen seeking to move beyond theory and critique to see how new practices can change the way that development projects are administered.
The Dirty Dozen
Authors: Johansen Bruce E. 
Published: June 2024

Forty years after the publication of Rachel Carson'sSilent Spring, this important study examines the history, industrial uses, and harmful effects of the twelve most commonly used organochloride chemicals. All have been fully or partially banned by the Stockholm Protocol, an international treaty signed by about 120 countries in December 2000. Among the twelve are the dioxins (the active ingredient in Agent Orange) and polychlorinated byphenyls (PCBs), which are toxic in minute quantities. Johansen pays special attention to the Inuit of the Arctic, where these chemicals have been bio-accumulating to dangerous levels, moving up the food chain to a degree of toxicity that some Inuit mothers are no longer able to safely breast-feed their infants.
The polar stratospheric ozone has been devastated by emissions of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), and new scientific findings connect global warming near the Earth's surface to significant cooling in the stratosphere. This synergy aggravates ozone depletion because the chemical reactions that destroy the ozone become more energetic as temperatures drop. Synthetic toxins have taken their toll on minority ethnic groups in the United States, and persistent organic pollutants have inflicted physiological damage on humans and other animals. Finally, Johansen explores the estrogenic effects of such chemicals. Sperm counts have declined as much as 50% in 50 years.
Disease in Populations in Transition
Authors: Armelagos George J. , Swedlund Alan C. 
Published: June 2024

Societies in transition are often faced with new settings and/or new diseases that require a response in order for the affected group to thrive or survive. A lack of effective response by a transitional population to a new pathogen can lead to the group's disintegration. A stark example of this, historically, is the decline of Native American civilizations with the arrival of European colonists in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The transitional response mechanism has been a neglected topic in anthropology until the publication of this book. In a broad selection of nineteen essays by distinguished researchers, the epidemiology and health status of prehistoric, historical, and present day populations in transition are thoroughly explored.
Different models--biomedical, ethnomedical, ecological, and politicoeconomic--are used to illustrate the effects of transition on the health of human populations throughout the world. Swedlund and Armelagos have compiled and arranged these essays into three parts: genetic and evolutionary perspectives; infectious disease and nutrition in temporal perspective; and social epidemiology. Some of the topics studied in the essays include: disease and evolution in Amerindian populations; health and disease in prehistoric transitional peoples; mortality and morbidity consequences of nutritional variation in early child growth; and social support and mortality in post-transition populations. This insightful book will provide a vital perspective for medical anthropologists, development specialists, epidemiologists, and health professionals, as well as for graduate students in related course areas.
Distance Writing and Computer-Assisted Interventions in Psychiatry and Mental Health
Authors: L'Abate Luciano 
Published: June 2024

Directed to mental health professionals and graduate students in the mental health disciplines, we present a new way to augment the cost-effectiveness of current face-to-face (f2f) mental health based on talk, and, offer an alternative in primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention approaches. Distance writing (DW) and computer-assisted interventions (CAI) through the Internet opens up new vistas to those unable to be reached using traditional talk-based f2f approaches, i.e., living abroad, handicapped, the military, missionary families, Peace Corps volunteers, English speaking respondents (individuals, couples, and families), and most importantly incarcerated prisoners who do not seem to improve through conventional verbal, f2f approaches.
DW and CAI vary in their structure (from high to low) and in levels of goals, content, specificity, and abstraction. Positive research evidence finds that DW and CAI is effective and actually cost-effective, with relatively healthy undergraduates, psychiatric outpatients, incarcerated felons, and physically handicapped patients supporting the use of this relatively new approach. This evolutionary step or paradigmatic shift cannot take place overnight, professionals suspicious of this new technology, will find this work a way to assuage their fears and help start this new cure on an experiential basis, utilizing structured interviews before starting to use writing and CAI at a distance. It presents an ample field of applications that will make research more cost-effective than traditional talk-based, f2f approaches.
DW/CAI represents one way in which MH professionals can progress to meet managed care companies demands for accountability. Progress in most realms of business, science, education, law is based on the written record. The talking cure has occupied the last century as one of the greatest advances in how to help distressed people. By the same token, the writing cure represents the breakthrough for this coming century. Up to the present talk was conceived as the main if not the only vehicle of communication and healing. Adding DW/CAI to preventive and therapeutic armamentaria represents a distinct advance in how MH services will be delivered, to be accountable for professionals, and to conduct research economically, i. e., doing well while doing good. This work, therefore, combines theory, research, and practice to demonstrate the many advantages that DW/CAI offers as either an alternative, substitute, or supplement for talk therapy. Cyberspace is coming, instead of seeing it as a threat to traditional talk-based f2f practices, MH professionals will have to start to see the advantages of working with patients, clients, subjects, or respondents at a distance. Ethical and professional issues will present themselves in this new way, and should not detract professionals from starting this relatively new way to intervene, and to ensure that this new way to practice is delivered compassionately, responsibly, and effectively.
Diverse Sexuality and Schools
Authors: Campos David 
Published: June 2024

An overview of the gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender (GLBT) students in our schools—what they endure, their special needs, and the programs and groups that support them.
Diverse Sexuality and Schools: A Reference Handbookis an eye-opening report on gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender youth in our schools—the isolation they feel, the hostilities they face, their unique developmental and emotional needs, and the innovative ways schools, communities, and organizations are working to support them.
Author David Campos offers a compelling, often harrowing, tour of the lives of GLBT students, including what researchers have learned over the past half-century and what the schools, the courts, and the government are doing to keep them safe regardless of their sexual orientation. But perhaps the book's greatest impact comes from the way Campos gives voice to this often neglected population, providing a forum for these students' painful testimonies of harassment, violence, and despair.
East Asian Americans and Political Participation
Authors: Chi Tsung 
Published: June 2024

This expert handbook explores the various means of political participation of East Asian Americans in the United States.
Filling a gap in the literature on American minority politics,East Asian Americans and Political Participationoffers the first systematic, thorough coverage of the impact of Chinese American, Korean American, and Japanese American individuals and groups on U.S. political process.
Focusing on the post–World War II era—when rapidly growing East Asian American communities became more politically involved—the book explores the full range of formal and informal political actions, including protest politics, social movements and interest groups, electoral politics, and political office holding at every level. These general discussions are enhanced with evocative case studies on such important topics as Asian American participation in the civil rights movement, the campaign after the murder of Vincent Chin, the Redress movement, the Korean campaign following the Los Angeles riots, the promotion of the motherland, and more.
The Emergence of Christianity
Authors: White Cynthia 
Published: June 2024

The ancient Romans believed that only proper polytheistic worship could maintain the pax Romana, or Roman Peace. In the first century A.D., a splinter sect of Judaism began to crack this wall, bringing upheaval, persecution, and conversion into the lives of Romans, Jews, Christians, and pagans. This exciting volume explores the emergence of Christianity in Rome during the first four centuries of the Greco-Roman empire, from the first followers of Jesus Christ, to conflicts between Christians and Jewish kings under Roman occupation, to the torture of Christian followers, Diocletian's reforms, and Constantine's eventual conversion to monotheism, which cemented Christianity's status as the official religion of Rome.
Supplemented by photos, primary document excerpts, biographies of key figures, a glossary, an annotated bibliography and an index, this volume is an ideal reference source for students and general readers alike.
The Emerging High-Tech Consumer
Authors: Reddy Allan 
Published: June 2024

Who are the consumers of high-tech goods and services, and what will their needs and preferences be as we move into the next century? Allan Reddy and his team of marketing researchers and professionals lay out the essentials of a high-tech consumer profile, then dig into the implications this holds for developing successful marketing strategies. They synthesize the important current research and its findings, and by taking a multi-specialist approach to their subject, they bring a variety of interlocking and essential viewpoints to bear on it. A must read for professional marketers and their academic colleagues, and a useful overview for high-tech industry strategists and planners.
Reddy divides the book into eleven chapters and three appendices. Essays introduce the major ideas about the high-tech consumer and look at this consumer in business-to-business marketing. Other chapters look at the Telecommunications Act, the Internet, the importance of quality in high-tech goods, the measurement of high-tech innovators, the global consumer, and distribution considerations. The last chapter presents conclusions and implications for marketers, while the appendices look at research techniques, Internet marketing, and just-in-time retailing. The book has substantive references and author and subject indexes.
Emerging Human Rights
Authors: Anikpo Mark 
Published: June 2024

This book, a collaborative effort by Port-Harcourt University, Nigeria, and the University of Denver, deals with important theoretical considerations about human rights in Africa. The African contribution to the political economic approach to human rights has been especially significant and will continue to grow. This edited collection addressses both theoretical issues and actual case studies of human rights violations in the African context.
Shepherd, a pioneer in African studies, provides a pathbreaking overview of the political economy of African human rights. The volume itself is divided into two sections: theory and issues and violations. In the first section, the contributors consider such theoretical questions as the problems and prospects of creating an equitable world order based on the global right to distributive justice; three generations of African people's rights; the relationship between underdevelopment and human rights violations in Africa; theological perspectives on human rights; and the African experience in human rights issues and violations. The second section addresses specific human rights issues and violations of those rights. Among the situations explored are the impact of revolutionary violence on development, equality, and justice in South Africa, and the effects of militarization, migrants, and refugees on African human rights. Also examined are the African context of human rights development and the impact of Ghanaian black feminism. A comprehensive bibliography completes the volume. The unique perspective provided by African scholars, along with European and American scholars of black Africa, makes this book an important addition to the literature of human rights and African studies.
An Encyclopedia of War and Ethics
Authors: Wells Donald A. 
Published: June 2024

This is the first encyclopedia that critically surveys the ethics of warmaking from a variety of perspectives. Noted experts raise basic questions about what is just in war, describe the views of historic and contemporary thinkers on ethical matters, survey practices at different periods, and discuss key issues. The over 250 entries arranged in alphabetical order cover efforts to curb the havoc of war from medieval to modern times, from accidental war to Zagreb Resolution, different religious perspectives, genocide, UN peacekeeping, and much more. Sources for further reading accompany the entries, and internal cross-references and an index make this major reference easily accessible for students and teachers in military, peace, and world affairs studies.
This is the first encyclopedia that critically surveys the ethics of warmaking from a variety of perspectives. Historically, efforts to curb the havoc of war have confronted three military maxims: military necessity, the right of reprisal, and the obligation of soldiers to obey superior orders. The medieval efforts of just war theorists to protect the innocent, avoid needless havoc, and prohibit excessive weapons rarely affected military practice. Modern congresses have pointed out the inconsistency in concerns about war crimes or crimes against humanity and the weapons and strategies of modern war. The pressures of the military/industrial complex, the profits to be gained by war production, and the demands of sovereign nationalism contradict such alternative concerns as those raised by the United Nations and the International Red Cross.
Noted experts raise basic questions about what is just in war, describe the views of historic and contemporary thinkers on ethical matters, survey practices at different periods, and discuss key issues. The over 250 entries arranged in alphabetical order cover efforts to curb the havoc of war from medieval to modern times, from accidental war to Zagreb Resolution, different religious perspectives, genocide, UN peacekeeping, and much more. Sources for further reading accompany the entries, and internal cross-references and an index make this major reference easily accessible to students and teachers in military, peace, and world affairs studies.
Evolution in the Courtroom
Authors: Moore Randy 
Published: June 2024

This unique reference offers a discussion of the social and legal history behind the ongoing evolution versus creationism controversy.
Evolution in the Courtroom: A Reference Guidechronicles the legal history of the evolution/creation debate sparked by Charles Darwin's publicationOn the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selectionin 1859. The first seven chapters provide a detailed historical overview of the debate, reviewing all of the major court cases with particular emphasis on the infamous Scopes "Monkey Trial" which pitted fundamentalist William Jennings Bryan against ACLU defense attorney Clarence Darrow, and became the standard to which all subsequent evolution trails have been compared.
Ensuing discussions of the rise and fall of creationism as a science and the failure of "balanced treatment" in public schools culminate in a summary of skirmishes over the last decade. Profiles of scientists, politicians, clergy, and other influential people from Galileo to Frank White, the Arkansas governor who signed the equal time law without ever reading it, reveal fascinating facts and perspectives on both sides of the controversy.
Evolution of United States Budgeting
Authors: Meyer Annette 
Published: June 2024

As a fiscal document recording the spending, taxing, and borrowing policies for the coming year, the U.S. budget continues to be a model for other nations. This book focuses on the various phases of budget making, its historical background in fiscal and monetary terms, and special budgetary issues, including the budget balance, credit activities of Government-Sponsored Enterprises, the future health of Social Security, and the budget's relationship to the financial and public goods aspects of the international environment. Covering major changes in the structure and process of budgeting since 1989, when the book was first published, this volume covers new ground in many aspects of fiscal and financial policy, domestically and internationally.
Each section of the book is devoted to a different aspect of U.S. budgeting, ranging from the foundations of the present policies, to the annual budget cycle, to the actual methods of accomplishment, and the containment of those policies in the global framework. One section focuses on high visibility issues-Social Security, surpluses, federal debt, and entitlement programs. The book provides a valuable overview for those wishing to understand the budget process and its foundations while aspiring to help improve that process.
F. Scott Fitzgerald
Authors: Rielly Edward J. 
Published: June 2024

One of the most widely read writers in the high school curriculum, F. Scott Fitzgerald is the author of the great American novel,The Great Gatsby. While other biographies provide extensive information about Fitzgerald's life and achievements, this volume meets the need of high school students for a concise, accessible, and informative discussion of Fitzgerald and his works. Chapters survey the various periods in his career, and the volume closes with a timeline and bibliography.
Probably the best candidate for the author of the great American novel, F. Scott Fitzgerald is primarily known for his masterpiece,The Great Gatsby. He had fallen out of favor by the time of his death in 1940, while Ernest Hemingway attained worldwide fame. But there has been a tremendous renewal of interest in his works, and he is one of the most important writers in the high school English curriculum. While there are other biographies of Fitzgerald, this work meets the need of high school students for a concise, accessible, and informative survey of Fitzgerald's life and career.