bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Relationship of Trauma to Mental Disorders Among Trafficked and Sexually Exploited Girls and Women
Authors: Hossain Mazeda , Zimmerman Cathy , Abas Melanie , Light Miriam , Watts Charlotte 
Published: October 2010

Objectives. We explored the association between traumatic events and mental health among girls and women trafficked for sexual exploitation. Methods. We used subscales of the Brief Symptom Inventory and Harvard Trauma Questionnaire to interview 204 trafficked girls and women in 7 posttrafficking service settings. Multivariate logistic regression models based on interview data were fitted for depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) separately and adjusted for pretrafficking abuse to determine impact of trafficking-related trauma exposures. Results. Injuries and sexual violence during trafficking were associated with higher levels of PTSD, depression, and anxiety. Sexual violence was associated with higher levels of PTSD (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 5.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.3, 25.4). More time in trafficking was associated with higher levels of depression and anxiety (AOR = 2.2; 95% CI = 1.1, 4.5). More time since trafficking was associated with lower levels of depression and anxiety but not of PTSD. Conclusions. Our findings inform the emerging field of mental health care for trafficked persons by highlighting the importance of assessing severity and duration of trafficking-related abuses and need for adequate recovery time. Therapies for anxiety, PTSD, and mood disorders in low-resource settings should be evaluated.
Improving the Health and Mental Health of People Living With HIV/AIDS: 12-Month Assessment of a Behavioral Intervention in Thailand
Authors: Li Li , Lee Sung-Jae , Jiraphongsa Chuleeporn , Khumtong Siwaporn , Iamsirithaworn Sopon , Thammawijaya Panithee , Rotheram-Borus Mary Jane 
Published: October 2010

Objectives. We examined findings from a randomized controlled intervention trial designed to improve the quality of life of people living with HIV in Thailand. Methods. A total of 507 people living with HIV were recruited from 4 district hospitals in northern and northeastern Thailand and were randomized to an intervention group (n = 260) or a standard care group (n = 247). Computer-assisted personal interviews were administered at baseline and at 6 and 12 months. Results. At baseline, the characteristics of participants in the intervention and standard care conditions were comparable. The mixed-effects models used to assess the impact of the intervention revealed significant improvements in general health (B = 2.51; P = .001) and mental health (B = 1.57; P = .02) among participants in the intervention condition over 12 months and declines among those in the standard care condition. Conclusions. Our results demonstrate that a behavioral intervention was successful in improving the quality of life of people living with HIV. Such interventions must be performed in a systematic, collaborative manner to ensure their cultural relevance, sustainability, and overall success.
Discrimination and Adjustment Among Chinese American Adolescents: Family Conflict and Family Cohesion as Vulnerability and Protective Factors
Authors: Juang Linda P. , Alvarez Alvin A. 
Published: October 2010

Objectives. We examined racial/ethnic discrimination experiences of Chinese American adolescents to determine how discrimination is linked to poor adjustment (i.e., loneliness, anxiety, and somatization) and how the context of the family can buffer or exacerbate these links. Methods. We collected survey data from 181 Chinese American adolescents and their parents in Northern California. We conducted hierarchical regression analyses to examine main effects and 2-way interactions of perceived discrimination with family conflict and family cohesion. Results. Discrimination was related to poorer adjustment in terms of loneliness, anxiety, and somatization, but family conflict and cohesion modified these relations. Greater family conflict exacerbated the negative effects of discrimination, and greater family cohesion buffered the negative effects of discrimination. Conclusions. Our findings highlight the importance of identifying family-level moderators to help adolescents and their families handle experiences of discrimination.
FGF-23 as a Predictor of Renal Outcome in Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Titan Silvia M. , Zatz Roberto , Graciolli Fabiana G. , dos Reis Luciene M. , Barros Rui T. , Jorgetti Vanda , Moysés Rosa M.A. 
Published: October 2010

Summary

Background and objectives
Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) has emerged as a new factor in mineral metabolism in chronic kidney disease (CKD). An important regulator of phosphorus homeostasis, FGF-23 has been shown to independently predict CKD progression in nondiabetic renal disease. We analyzed the relation between FGF-23 and renal outcome in diabetic nephropathy (DN).

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
DN patients participating in a clinical trial (enalapril+placebo versus enalapril+losartan) had baseline data collected and were followed until June 2009 or until the primary outcome was reached. Four patients were lost to follow-up. The composite primary outcome was defined as death, doubling of serum creatinine, and/or dialysis need.

Results
At baseline, serum FGF-23 showed a significant association with serum creatinine, intact parathyroid hormone, proteinuria, urinary fractional excretion of phosphate, male sex, and race. Interestingly, FGF-23 was not related to calcium, phosphorus, 25OH-vitamin D, or 24-hour urinary phosphorus. Mean follow-up time was 30.7 ± 10 months. Cox regression showed that FGF-23 was an independent predictor of the primary outcome, even after adjustment for creatinine clearance and intact parathyroid hormone (10 pg/ml FGF-23 increase = hazard ratio, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.16, P = 0.02). Finally, Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a significantly higher risk of the primary outcome in patients with FGF-23 values of >70 pg/ml.

Conclusions
FGF-23 is a significant independent predictor of renal outcome in patients with macroalbuminuric DN. Further studies should clarify whether this relation is causal and whether FGF-23 should be a new therapeutic target for CKD prevention.
Thrombotic Microangiopathy and Peritubular Capillary C4d Expression in Renal Allograft Biopsies
Authors: Meehan Shane M. , Kremer Joseph , Ali Farah N. , Curley Jessica , Marino Susana , Chang Anthony , Kadambi Pradeep V. 
Published: October 2010

Summary

Background and objectives
This study characterizes the pathologic and clinical relationships of thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) to antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) in renal allograft biopsies.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Consecutive renal allograft biopsies, routinely stained for C4d over a period of 51 months (n = 1101), were reviewed. For comparative analysis of histology and clinical features, additional patients with TMA and peritubular capillary (PTC) C4d (n = 5) were combined with those identified in the 51-month period of review (n = 6).

Results
One hundred eighty-two of 1073 adequate biopsies from 563 allografts had PTC C4d in the study period. Six of 37 biopsies with TMA had PTC C4d (five at ≤90 days and one at 213 days). Early (≤90 days) C4d+ biopsies (n = 5) had more frequent TMA (11.9% C4d+ versus 3.4% C4d−; odds ratio, 3.84; P = 0.03). Graft loss was significantly greater in an early C4d+TMA+ group (n = 5 study + 2 archival patients) than in C4d+ controls without TMA (n = 21) (57% versus 9.5%; P = 0.02). Early TMA+C4d+ biopsies had more severe glomerulopathy and less severe arteriolopathy than TMA+C4d− and had more frequent neutrophilic capillaritis than TMA−C4d+ biopsies.

Conclusions
TMA was infrequent in this series of unselected, consecutive, renal allograft biopsies (3.4%). PTC C4d may be a significant risk factor for early TMA, and TMA is associated with glomerular thrombi and neutrophilic capillaritis. TMA in allografts with suspected AMR may portend a higher risk of graft loss.
The Morphology and Biology of the Trematode Gigantobilharzia Acotylea (Digenea, Schistosomatidae)
Authors: Akramova F. , Azimov D. , Shakarboev E. 
Published: October 2010

The Morphology and Biology of the Trematode Gigantobilharzia Acotylea (Digenea, Schistosomatidae)
Morpho-biological traits of the trematode Gigantobilharzia acotylea Odhner, 1910 at all stages of ontogeny are studied. Mollusks Physa fontinalis and Anisus spirorbis widespread in the waterbodies of the Syrdarya River valley were found to be intermediate hosts of this trematode under natural and experimental conditions in Uzbekistan. Prevalence of infection of P. fontinalis and A. spirorbis by Gigantobilharzia spp. parthenitae and cercariae reached 0.4 and 0.3%, respectively. Experimentally, 100% of these mollusks were infected. The maturation of cercariae in intermediate hosts ranged from 23 to 44 days depending on temperature. The cercariae actively penetrated the skin of birds and reached maturity in 30-35 days. A complex of traits of various developmental stages, particularly cercariae necessary for the differentiation of the Gigantobilharzia spp. is suggested based on of the analysis of morpho-biological peculiarities of these trematodes.
Ontogenetic Development of Olfactory Organs in Grass Shrimp, Pandalus Kessleri (Decapoda, Pandalidae)
Authors: Blinova N. , Cherkashin S. 
Published: October 2010

Ontogenetic Development of Olfactory Organs in Grass Shrimp,Pandalus Kessleri(Decapoda, Pandalidae)The olfactory organ in decapod crustaceans is represented by the outer antennular flagellum with specialized sensilla called aesthetascs. Characteristic structures of the lateral antennular flagellum with olfactory setae in larvae, juveniles and adults of grass shrimpPandalus kessleriCzerniavski, 1878 are described.
Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome
Authors: Renard Dimitri , Labauge Pierre , Vandenberghe Rik 
Published: October 2010

AbstractReversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLS) is characterized by subacute onset of headache, decreased alertness, vomiting, seizures, visuoperceptual disturbances, together with bilateral white matter lesions in posterior brain regions on brain imaging. The most frequently associated conditions related to RPLS are arterial hypertension and the use of immunosuppressive or cytotoxic treatment. T2-, Fluid Attenuation Inversion Recovery (FLAIR), and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC)-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reveal hyperintensities in parietooccipital white matter but grey matter and other regions including frontal and temporal lobes, brainstem, cerebellum, basal ganglia, or even spinal cord may also be involved. According to ADC findings, the underlying pathophysiologic mechanism is probably one of vasogenic (rather than cytotoxic) oedema. These MRI findings help in differentiating RPLS from ischaemic events and other diseases resembling RPLS. Failure of cerebral autoregulation, endothelial dysfunction, disrupted blood-brain barrier, vasospasm, and direct toxic drug effects may all play a role in the pathophysiology of RPLS. Treatment consists of discontinuation of the causal drug, treatment of high blood pressure, and antiepileptic therapy. Clinical recovery and regression of radiological abnormalities are typically seen after early treatment. However, delay in diagnosis and treatment can result in irreversible brain damage, often in association with complicating cerebral infarction or haemorrhage.
Pre-clinical transgenic mouse models of nervous system tumors
Authors: Agnihotri Sameer , Munoz Diana , Guha Abhijit 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe most common primary CNS tumors are gliomas, where other than a few subtypes such as oligodendrogliomas, the survival has remained unchanged despite advances in surgical, chemo- and radiation therapy, especially for the most malignant and common glioma; glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Recent novel therapies like immuno- and gene therapy have shown some promise in existing pre-clinical models, but have failed to demonstrate therapeutic benefit in patients. The reason(s) for such failures include our incomplete understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of these tumors and also due to testing of novel biological therapies in less than ideal pre-clinical models, which for the most part have included xenografts established in mice from glioma cell lines or patient explants. Transgenic mouse models offers an opportunity to develop and utilize an easily replenished, reproducible, manipulated spontaneous and more appropriate pre-clinical model of human cancers. Here we highlight on how mouse models are generated using several techniques and how mouse models have come to the forefront to address several issues such as identifying novel tumour modifier genes of central and peripheral nervous system tumours. Lastly we discuss how mouse models may provide an invaluable tool in pre clinical drug screening and testing.
Therapeutic approaches for spinal cord injury induced spasticity
Authors: Yates C. , Garrison K. , Charlesworth A. , Reese N. , Garcia-Rill E. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSpasticity is evident in both humans and animals following spinal cord injury (SCI) and can contribute to significant functional limitation and disruption in quality of life of patients with this disorder. This mini-review describes a number of preclinical and clinical studies that promise to improve outcomes for, especially in terms of spasticity and hyper-reflexia, patients with SCI. A gold standard for the quantification of spasticity has proved elusive, but the combination of H-reflex frequency dependent depression and a novel stretch reflex (SR) windup protocol have the potential to provide new insights. As the pathophysiology of hyper-reflexia and spasticity continue to be investigated, the documented onset in the animal model of SCI provides critical time points for further study into these complex mechanisms. The positive effects of a passive exercise protocol and several potential pharmacological interventions are reviewed as well as a novel potential mechanism of action. Further work is needed to determine additional mechanisms that are involved in SCI, and how to optimize multiple therapies to overcome some of the deficits induced by SCI.
Specific Mechanical Pain Hypersensitivity Over Peripheral Nerve Trunks in Women With Either Unilateral Epicondylalgia or Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Fernández-de-las-Peñas César , Ortega-Santiago Ricardo , Ambite-Quesada Silvia , Jiménez-García Rodrigo , Arroyo-Morales Manuel , Cleland Joshua A. 
Published: October 2010

Study Design Case-control study with blinded examiner. Objectives To investigate if pressure pain sensitivity is related to specific nerve trunks in the upper extremity of patients with either unilateral lateral epicondylalgia (LE) or carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Background In the clinical setting, patients with LE tend to exhibit radial nerve trunk tenderness, whereas patients with CTS exhibit median nerve tenderness. No studies have investigated if specific nerve pressure pain hypersensitivity exists in patients with either LE or CTS. Methods Sixteen women with unilateral LE (mean ± SD age, 43 ± 7 years), 17 women with unilateral CTS (43 ± 6 years), and 17 healthy women (43 ± 6 years) were included in this study. Pressure pain thresholds (PPT) were bilaterally assessed over the median, ulnar, and radial nerve trunks, as well as over the C5-6 zygapophyseal joints, by an examiner blinded to the subjects' condition. A mixed-model analysis of variance was used to evaluate differences in PPT among groups (LE, CTS, or controls) and between sides (affected/nonaffected or dominant/nondominant). Results The individuals in both the LE and CTS groups demonstrated lower PPT bilaterally over the median (group, P<.001; side, P = .437), radial (group, P<.001; side, P = .556), and ulnar (group, P<.001; side, P = .938) nerve trunks as compared to controls. Additionally, radial (P<.001) and ulnar (P = .005) nerves were more sensitive bilaterally in patients with LE than in patients with CTS. The median nerve was more sensitive bilaterally in patients with CTS than patients with LE (P = .002). Lower PPT over the cervical spine (group, P<.001; side, P = .233) were found bilaterally in both the LE and CTS groups. Further, patients with CTS exhibited lower cervical PPT than patients with LE (P<.001). PPT was negatively correlated with both pain intensity and duration of symptoms in both the LE and CTS groups (P<.001). Conclusions Bilateral mechanical nerve pain hypersensitivity is related to specific and particular nerve trunks in women with either unilateral LE or CTS. Our results suggest the presence of central and peripheral sensitization mechanisms in individuals with either LE or CTS. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2010;40(11):751–760. doi:10.2519/jospt.2010.3331
Effects of Pilates-Based Exercises on Pain and Disability in Individuals With Persistent Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis
Authors: Lim Edwin Choon Wyn , Poh Ruby Li Choo , Low Ai Ying , Wong Wai Pong 
Published: October 2010

Study Design A systematic review with meta-analysis. Objectives To compare pain and disability in individuals with persistent nonspecific low back pain who were treated with Pilates exercises compared to minimal or other interventions. Methods Searches of Medline, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane library, PEDro, and ProQuest Dissertations and Thesis databases were conducted. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were selected and reviewed if they compared pain and disability in individuals with persistent nonspecific low back pain who were treated with Pilates exercises compared to other treatment approaches. Quality of the trials was evaluated. Data for pain and disability scores were extracted. Narrative synthesis plus meta-analyses were performed, with either a fixed-effects or random-effects model, standardized mean differences (SMDs), and tests for heterogeneity. Results Seven RCTs were identified and included in the meta-analyses. Data pooling was performed using RevMan 5. When compared to minimal intervention, Pilates-based exercise provided superior pain relief (pooled SMD, −2.72; 95% CI: −5.33, −0.11; P = .04) but the pooled disability scores were not significantly different (pooled SMD, −0.74; 95% CI: −1.81, 0.33; P = .17). No significant differences were found when comparing Pilates-based exercise to other forms of exercise for pain (pooled SMD, 0.03; 95% CI: −0.52, 0.58; P = .92) or disability scores (pooled SMD, −0.41; 95% CI: −0.96,0.14; P = .14). Conclusion Pilates-based exercises are superior to minimal intervention for pain relief. Existing evidence does not establish superiority of Pilates-based exercise to other forms of exercise to reduce pain and disability for patients with persistent nonspecific low back pain. However, the relatively low quality of existing studies and the heterogeneity of pooled studies in this systematic review combine to suggest that these results should be interpreted with caution. Level of Evidence Therapy, level 1a-. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(2):70–80, Epub 22 October 2010. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.3393
Inguinal rupture with herniation of the urinary bladder through the scrotal fascia in a Shetland pony foal
Authors: Cousty M. , Tricaud C. , Picandet V. , Geffroy O. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryHerniation of the urinary bladder in the inguinal region has not previously been described in the horse. A case of inguinal rupture with herniation of the bladder through the scrotal fascia in a 3‐month‐old Shetland pony, diagnosed by external palpation, urinary catheterisation and external ultrasonographic examination is reported. Surgical management of the case was by dissection of the scrotal fascia, partial cystectomy and unilateral castration. During the period of hospitalisation the only complication was a slight seroma, which resolved spontaneously. Follow‐up after 6 months did not reveal any abnormality.
Haemolytic anaemia in a pony associated with a perivascular abscess caused byClostridium perfringens
Authors: Cottle H. J. , Hughes K. J. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryA 5‐year‐old Welsh Pony mare presented with a history of dullness and inappetence and a large swelling on the left side of the neck extending to the pectoral region. Flunixin meglumine had been administered intravenously 10 days previously for treatment of laminitis. The pony was anaemic at presentation.Clostridium perfringenswas isolated from an abscess overlying the left external jugular vein. Treatment consisted of supportive treatment, drainage of the abscess and administration of sodium benzyl penicillin G intravenously. A marked improvement in the mare's demeanour and a gradual increase in packed cell volume over a period of one month were observed. The historical, clinical and clinicopathological findings were consistent with immune‐mediated haemolysis associated withC. perfringensinfection.
Paranasal sinus fibromatosis in a horse
Authors: Ahern B. J. , Engiles J. , Smith J. J. , Parente E. J. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryA case of paranasal sinus fibromatosis in an 11‐year‐old Thoroughbred gelding is reported. At admission the gelding underwent a unilateral frontal sinusotomy and a paranasal sinus mass was extensively debulked. The mass was diagnosed via histopathology as a desmoid fibromatosis with bone invasion, reactive osteoclastic osteolysis and osteoproliferation. The gelding had radiographic evidence of slow recurrence of the mass 8 months post operatively. The histopathological appearance and short‐term outcome are presented for this previously undiagnosed condition of the horse. Recognition of paranasal fibromatosis and the resultant differentiation from other types of paranasal sinus neoplasia may allow for improved prognostication of equine sinus lesions.
Cryopreservation of semen from a stallion with seminal vesiculitis
Authors: Fennell L. C. , McKinnon A. O. , Savage C. J. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryA 6‐year‐old Warmblood stallion was admitted for semen collection and cryopreservation. On the seventh and subsequent collection days semen samples were contaminated with purulent debris. A diagnosis of seminal vesiculitis was made following ultrasonography and endoscopy of the seminal vesicles. The stallion was treated with systemic and topical antimicrobial therapy and, although this did not cure the condition, subsequent ejaculates were suitable for cryopreservation.
Safety of multiple, submucosal inoculations of a live attenuated strangles vaccine in pregnant mares
Authors: Reinhold B. , Venner M. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryA live attenuated vaccine against Streptococcus equi was administered submucosally in the upper lip to 224 pregnant and healthy mares to evaluate its safety. After a primary immunisation the mares were inoculated every 3 months until foaling. As control group, 206 mares of the same breeding farm were administered the solvent of the vaccine submucosally. None of the 430 mares presented any clinical evidence of strangles and neither local nor systemic reactions to vaccination were noticed. There was no association between abortion and vaccination. Furthermore no case of S. equi infection was revealed at post mortem examinations of aborted foals.
Idiopathic typhlocolitis in 40 aged donkeys
Authors: Du Toit N. , Burden F. A. , Getachew M. , Trawford A. F. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryTyphlocolitis was diagnosed in 40 aged donkeys at routinepost mortemexaminations subjected to euthanasia for colic‐related clinical signs at The Donkey Sanctuary. Gross pathological changes included oedema, ulceration and haemorrhage involving the caecum and ventral colon. Histopathology indicated endoparasite and bacterial associated inflammation in 20 and 11 cases, respectively. Bacterial culture in 18 cases did not yield a definite aetiological agent. Other management and stress related factors were looked at to identify obvious risk factors. This report describes the clinical, biochemical and haematological parameters and pathological changes observed in 40 donkeys diagnosed with typhlocolitis.