bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
InterStoreDB: A Generic Integration Resource for Genetic and Genomic DataF
Authors: Love Christopher G. , Andongabo Ambrose E. , Wang Jun , Carion Pierre W. C. , Rawlings Christopher J. , King Graham J. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAssociating phenotypic traits and quantitative trait loci (QTL) to causative regions of the underlying genome is a key goal in agricultural research. InterStoreDB is a suite of integrated databases designed to assist in this process. The individual databases are species independent and generic in design, providing access to curated datasets relating to plant populations, phenotypic traits, genetic maps, marker loci and QTL, with links to functional gene annotation and genomic sequence data. Each component database provides access to associated metadata, including data provenance and parameters used in analyses, thus providing users with information to evaluate the relative worth of any associations identified. The databases include CropStoreDB, for management of population, genetic map, QTL and trait measurement data, SeqStoreDB for sequence‐related data and AlignStoreDB, which stores sequence alignment information, and allows navigation between genetic and genomic datasets. Genetic maps are visualized and compared using the CMAP tool, and functional annotation from sequenced genomes is provided via an EnsEMBL‐based genome browser. This framework facilitates navigation of the multiple biological domains involved in genetics and genomics research in a transparent manner within a single portal. We demonstrate the value of InterStoreDB as a tool for Brassica research. InterStoreDB is available from: http://www.interstoredb.org
High Correlation Between Clearance of Renal Protein‐Bound Uremic Toxins (Indoxyl Sulfate and p‐Cresyl Sulfate) and Renal Water‐Soluble Toxins in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
Authors: Huang Wen‐Hung , Hung Cheng‐Chieh , Yang Chih‐Wei , Huang Jeng‐Yi 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPeritoneal dialysis (PD) is characterized by a slow continuous removal of solutes. Traditionally, dialysis adequacy is quantified by referring to the kinetics of urea nitrogen (UN) and creatinine (Cr) clearance. The efficacy of middle molecular substances and protein‐bound solutes as markers for peritoneal dialysis adequacy is not clear. The aim of this cross‐sectional study was to investigate correlations between the clearance of indoxyl sulfate (IS), p‐cresyl sulfate (PCS), UN, and Cr in the peritoneum and kidneys and to compare the overall clearances of IS and PCS between non‐anuric and anuric groups in PD patients. We recruited a total of 175 patients who had been undergoing continuous ambulatory PD (CAPD) or automated PD (APD) for at least 4 months. We measured total IS and PCS concentrations in serum, dialysate, and urine samples. Free IS and PCS concentrations were measured in all serum samples. IS and PCS clearances via both kidney and peritoneum were measured. The mean concentration of IS in the urine samples was 9.2‐fold higher than that in the dialysate samples, and concentration of PCS in the urine samples was 8.5‐fold higher than that in the dialysate samples. Peritoneal UN and Cr clearances were not correlated with peritoneal PCS clearance (P > 0.05) but were mildly correlated with peritoneal IS clearance. The peritoneal IS and PCS clearances in the different peritoneal equilibration test groups were similar. The renal UN and Cr clearances were strongly correlated with renal PCS and IS clearances (P > 0.89, P < 0.001). In addition, non‐anuric patients showed better elimination of total PCS (10.3 mg/day [range, 1.6–19.8] vs. 5.2 mg/day [range, 0–14]; P < 0.001] and IS (37.9 mg/day [range, 25.6–56.7] vs. 24.8 mg/day [range, 17.1–41.6]; P < 0.001) than anuric patients. This cross‐sectional study showed that peritoneal clearance of water‐soluble solutes is not correlated with that of PCS but is mildly correlated with that of IS. However, the renal clearances of IS and PCS show strong positive correlation with the renal clearances of UN and Cr. This study confirms the important role of residual renal function in the removal of protein‐bound uremic toxins.
Capillary Electrophoretic Profile of β2‐Microglobulin Intermediate Associated With Hemodialysis
Authors: Motomiya Yoshihiro , Uji Yoshinori , Ando Yukio 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe previously identified an intermediate β2‐microglobulin (I‐β2m), which is an amyloidogenic β2m variant, via capillary electrophoresis (CE) and reported hemodialysis (HD)‐associated variations in the serum concentrations of each β2m component, including that found in the rebound phase. Recent research has indicated that I‐β2m can bind, via the SO3‐ moiety, with glycosaminoglycan or proteoglycan, which are major components of interstitial tissue. Because alterations in I‐β2m are likely to be important in view of the possible accumulation of amyloidogenic precursor proteins in the interstitial space, we studied the I‐β2m profile as related to HD. We used CE to determine the I‐β2m profile both at the start and at the end of HD and during the rebound phase in 12 HD patients. We found both an unfolded β2m and a destructured I‐β2m. More important, two peaks appeared in the rebound phase, one suggesting a refolding and one suggesting an irreversible destruction. Given that the intercompartmental transfer coefficient for β2m is 1.0, our results indicated concomitant processes occurring after HD: refolding of the β2m conformation and trapping of destructured I‐β2m in the extravascular space. Because the trapping of destructured I‐β2m supposedly leads to accumulation of β2m in the interstitial space, we have proposed a new concept—a “shuttle” concept—for amyloid formation from β2m in the HD setting.
KIC 1571511B: a benchmark low-mass star in an eclipsing binary system in the Kepler field
Authors: Ofir A. , Gandolfi D. , Buchhave Lars , Lacy C. H. S. , Hatzes A. P. , Fridlund Malcolm 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACT
KIC 1571511 is a 14-d eclipsing binary (EB) in the Kepler data set. The secondary of this EB is a very low mass star with a mass of and a radius of (statistical errors only). The overall system parameters make KIC 1571511B an ideal ‘benchmark object’: among the smallest, lightest and best-described stars known, smaller even than some known exoplanet. Currently available photometry encompasses only a small part of the total: future Kepler data releases promise to constrain many of the properties of KIC 1571511B to unprecedented level. However, as in many spectroscopic single-lined systems, the current error budget is dominated by the modelling errors of the primary and not by the above statistical errors. We conclude that detecting the RV signal of the secondary component is crucial to achieving the full potential of this possible benchmark object for the study of low-mass stars.
The X-ray reflector in NGC 4945: a time- and space-resolved portrait
Authors: Marinucci A. , Risaliti G. , Wang Junfeng , Nardini E. , Elvis M. , Fabbiano G. , Bianchi S. , Matt G. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACT
We present a time, spectral and imaging analysis of the X-ray reflector in NGC 4945, which reveals its geometrical and physical structure with unprecedented detail. NGC 4945 hosts one of the brightest AGN in the sky above 10 keV, but it is only visible through its reflected/scattered emission below 10 keV, due to absorption by a column density of ∼4 × 1024 cm−2. A new Suzaku campaign of five observations spanning ∼6 months, together with past XMM–Newton and Chandra observations, shows a remarkable constancy (within &lt;10 per cent) of the reflected component. Instead, Swift-BAT reveals strong intrinsic variability on time-scales longer than 1 yr. Modelling the circumnuclear gas as a thin cylinder with the axis on the plane of the sky, we show that the reflector is at a distance ≥30–50 pc, well within the imaging capabilities of Chandra at the distance of NGC 4945 (1 arcsec ∼18 pc). Accordingly, the Chandra imaging reveals a resolved, flattened, ∼150 pc long clumpy structure, whose spectrum is fully due to cold reflection of the primary AGN emission. The clumpiness may explain the small covering factor derived from the spectral and variability properties.
The formation of the extremely primitive star SDSS J102915+172927 relies on dust
Authors: Schneider Raffaella , Omukai Kazuyuki , Limongi Marco , Ferrara Andrea , Salvaterra Ruben , Chieffi Alessandro , Bianchi Simone 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACT
The relative importance of metals and dust grains in the formation of the first low-mass stars has been a subject of debate. The recently discovered Galactic halo star SDSS J102915+172927 has a mass less than 0.8 M⊙ and a metallicity of Z= 4.5 × 10−5 Z⊙. We investigate the origin and properties of this star by reconstructing the physical conditions in its birth cloud. We show that the observed elemental abundance trend of SDSS J102915+172927 can be well fitted by the yields of core-collapse supernovae (SNe) with metal-free progenitors of 20 and 35 M⊙. Using these selected SN explosion models, we compute the corresponding dust yields and the resulting dust depletion factor taking into account the partial destruction by the SN reverse shock. We then follow the collapse and fragmentation of a star-forming cloud enriched by the products of these SN explosions at the observed metallicity of SDSS J102915+172927. We find that 0.05–0.1 M⊙ mass fragments, which then lead to the formation of low-mass stars, can occur provided that the mass fraction of dust grains in the birth cloud exceeds 0.01 of the total mass of metals and dust. This, in turn, requires that at least 0.4 M⊙ of dust condense in the first SNe, allowing for moderate destruction by the reverse shock. If dust formation in the first SNe is less efficient or strong dust destruction does occur, the thermal evolution of the SDSS J102915+172927 birth cloud is dominated by molecular cooling, and only ≥8 M⊙ fragments can form. We conclude that the observed properties of SDSS J102915+172927 support the suggestion that dust must have condensed in the ejecta of the first SNe and played a fundamental role in the formation of the first low-mass stars.
Black Theology and the History of U.S. Black Religions: Post Civil Rights Approaches to the Study of African American Religions
Authors: Ross Rosetta E. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBlack Religions as a field of study is one of many supervening developments of the U.S. Civil Rights Movement. Two conditions influenced development of this field. First, the Civil Rights Movement resulted in exponential increases in higher education of African descended people in the United States. These increases expanded research and scholarship on Black religions, generally. Second, because Black religions helped shape the Civil Rights Movement, an area of research and writing broadly identified as Black theology issued from and about Black religions and making of the Movement. During the mid‐twentieth century, development of liberation theologies (which challenged religions' collaboration with imperialism) coupled with the substantial role of African American Christianity, especially Protestant Christianity, in the Civil Rights Movement to create an early focus of much mid‐century scholarship about U.S. black religions on development and evolution of black theology as a form of liberation theology. Even so, foundational work in the history of black religions appeared alongside developments of black theology. In the late 20th and early 21st centuries these two trajectories – black theologies and history of black religions – have emerged as standard emphases in the field of black religions. This article examines emergence of Black religions as a field of study and includes four sections exploring U.S. Black religions and the Civil Rights Movement, the appearance of Black theology in the United States, developments in Black theology and in the history of Black religions, and current trends in the study of Black religions.
Islamic and Jewish Religious Feminism: Similarities, Parallels and Interactions
Authors: Roded Ruth 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe roots of both Islamic and Jewish religious feminism may be found in the 1970s. Both ideological movements arose in response to the feminism of the 1960s in the United States and in France which was secular and even anti‐religious. Similarities and parallels in the roots and development of the two religious feminist movements may be expected as functions of the similar sociologies of Islam and Judaism. The two forms of religious feminism were in fact parallel responses to the rise of Islamism and Jewish fundamentalism that promoted strict interpretations of Islam and Judaism, particularly as regards gender issues. They differed, however, in their global and Middle Eastern manifestations. The two religious movements have similar although not identical issues of language and authenticity, which influence the dispersion of religious feminist ideas. Interactions between Jewish and Muslim religious feminists may seem impossible in the current politically charged atmosphere. On the other hand, there is clearly a communality of interests among religious women of both faiths which may serve to prevail over conflict.
Are We Becoming Part of the Problem? Gender Stereotypes in Negotiation Research
Authors: Kolb Deborah M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe study of gender and negotiation has come a long way since the basic sex difference research carried out in the infancy of the field More recent study of contextual factors (roles, styles, gender composition of the dyad) often have the effect of reinforcing gender stereotypes. By expanding the diversity of populations studied, by selecting more gender neutral contexts, by considering purpose in choice of style and roles, and by locating our studies of how gender plays out in negotiation in different organizational contexts, we will be in a better position to move beyond the stereotypes that dominate so much of the current work.
An outbreak of severe iodine‐deficiency goitre in a sheep flock in north‐east Victoria
Authors: Campbell AJD , Croser EL , Milne ME , Hodge PJ , Webb Ware JK 
Published: April 2012

Background  Several outbreaks of goitre, considered to be related to iodine deficiency, occurred in sheep flocks throughout Victoria in 2010.Objective  We describe one outbreak in Merino–Border Leicester‐cross ewes and their lambs in north‐east Victoria that appeared to be associated with increased rainfall and pasture growth, particularly during the preceding summer and autumn.Results  The outbreak was characterised by a four‐fold increase in neonatal lamb deaths and goitre, alopecia and poor skeletal development in the lambs. Most cases occurred in lambs born to 2‐year‐old crossbred ewes that had grazed long, lush perennial pastures throughout their entire pregnancy, whereas few cases occurred in mature crossbred or Merino ewes that had grazed shorter, annual pastures on hill country for 3 weeks in late pregnancy but were otherwise managed similarly.Conclusion  Existing recommendations for south‐eastern Australia are that only spring‐lambing ewes in iodine‐deficient areas require iodine supplementation to prevent goitre in years with high autumn–winter rainfall. Aspects of this outbreak suggest that ewes lambing at other times of the year and grazing abundant pasture for prolonged periods may also require supplementation to prevent goitre, even if autumn–winter rainfall does not exceed previously established thresholds.
Histological grade of differentiation of hepatocellular carcinoma: Comparison of the efficacy of diffusion‐weighted MRI with T2‐weighted imaging and angiography‐assisted CT
Authors: Saito Kazuhiro , Moriyasu Fuminori , Sugimoto Katsutoshi , Nishio Ryota , Saguchi Toru , Akata Soichi , Tokuuye Koichi 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIntroduction: The purpose of this study is to determine the usefulness of diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) for evaluating the histological grade of differentiation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) compared with T2‐weighted imaging (T2WI) and tumour haemodynamics.Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 32 patients with 42 pathologically confirmed HCC nodules. These patients underwent MRI, CT during arterial portography and CT hepatic arteriography. We evaluated the relationship between the histological grade of differentiation and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values, conspicuity of tumour on DWI, DWI and T2WI contrast‐to‐noise (C/N) ratios and tumour haemodynamics.Results: There was no correlation between the histological grade of differentiation and the ADC values. The DWI C/N ratio was significantly different among all histological grades, but the T2WI C/N ratio was not. Tumour conspicuity on DWI correlated well with the histological grade of differentiation, but tumour haemodynamics only partially correlated with the histological grade of differentiation.Conclusion: DWI was useful for evaluating the histological grade of differentiation of HCC.
Utility‐Based Generation of Referring Expressions
Authors: Guhe Markus 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis paper presents two cognitive models that simulate the production of referring expressions in the iMAP task—a task‐oriented dialog. One general model is based on Dale and Reiter’s (1995)incremental algorithm, and the other is a simple template model that has a higher correlation with the data but is specifically geared toward the properties of the iMAP task. The property of the iMAP task environment that is modeled here is that the color feature is unreliable for identifying referents while other features are reliable. The low computational cost of the incremental algorithm for generating referring expressions makes it an interesting starting point for a cognitive model. However, its explanatory power is limited, because it generates uniquely distinguishing referring expressions and because it considers features for inclusion in the referring expression in a fixed order. The first model extends the original incremental algorithm by an ability to adapt to feedback of whether a referring expression was used successfully, but it seems to overpredict the frequency with which distinguishing expressions are made and underpredict the frequency of overspecified referring expressions. The second model produces features for referring expressions purely based on its current estimate of a feature’s utility. Both models predict the observed human behavior of decreasing use of color terms and increasing use of useful feature terms.
Depressive mood in Chinese early adolescents: Relations with shyness, self‐esteem and perceived social support
Authors: Chan Siu Mui 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIntroductionWhile depression affects adolescents' psychological functioning and adjustment, studies of Hong Kong adolescents show that more than 20% of this population suffer from depressive symptoms.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was performed to examine how depressive mood was related to shyness, self‐esteem and social support in a sample of 326 early Chinese adolescents. Data were collected using self‐report questionnaires. Participants completed the Children Depression Inventory (CDI), Children's Shyness Questionnaire (CSQ), Rosenberg's Self‐esteem Scale and five items measuring perceived social support.ResultsBased on the CDI cut‐off point (≥20) adopted in the West (Kovacs), 20.9% of the sample was classified as having depressive symptoms, a percentage that was double that reported in Western studies. Regression analyses results showed that shyness predicted depressive mood in the positive direction and self‐esteem and perceived social support in the negative direction. Furthermore, a mediation model was established in which the effects of shyness on depressive mood were mediated by self‐esteem and social support.DiscussionProfessionals should offer age‐appropriate social skill training to shy adolescents who have low self‐esteem and poor peer relationship.
Detection of Multiple Genotypes of Calicivirus Infection in Asymptomatic Swine in Taiwan
Authors: Chao D.‐Y. , Wei J.‐Y. , Chang W.‐F. , Wang J. , Wang L.‐C. 
Published: April 2012

SummaryNoroviruses (NoVs) and sapoviruses (SaVs) of the family Caliciviridae are emerging enteric pathogens in humans and animals. Recent detection of genogroup II norovirus (GII NoV) RNA from swine raises public health concerns about zoonotic transmission of porcine NoVs to humans. However, few papers reported genotype distributions and epidemiological features in swine farms and their genetic relationship to human strains, which was the objective of our study. This study investigated the epidemiological features and genotypes of caliciviruses in swine farms using 533 pig faecal samples from six farms in central and southern Taiwan, tested for viral RNA using RT‐PCR targeting the conserved polymerase gene. NoVs and SaVs were detected with a positive rate of 7.1% and 0.6%, respectively. To confirm the positive rate of NoVs, 255 pig faecal samples from two farms in central Taiwan were tested with primer pairs targeting the partial capsid gene of GII, and 32.3% of the positive rate was found. Furthermore, the results from the capsid region suggested a higher positive rate of 41.7% in winter than 26.4% in summer with statistical significance (P < 0.05). Sequence analysis showed 29 strains belonging to GII.4 (human) and nine strains belonging to GII.11 (swine) identified based on the partial polymerase gene. Additional genotypes clustered with GII.2 (human) and GII.18 (swine) were also characterized based on the partial capsid gene. SaVs detected in porcine faecal samples belonged to genogroup III (GIII), which clustered with the PEC‐Cowden strain. Our study demonstrated the presence of multiple genotypes of both human and porcine NoVs infecting swine of various ages asymptomatically. Although the zoonotic potential of detected human NoVs in swine was not conclusive owing to the lack of local human faecal samples, our study revealed the importance of monitoring emerging strains in swine to mitigate the potential impact of recombinant NoVs infecting the human population.