bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Yield and Quality Effects of Electroplasmolysis and Microwave Applications on Carrot Juice Production and Storage
Authors: Rayman Ahsen , Baysal Taner 
Published: April 2011

Abstract:  Electroplasmolysis as a pretreatment and microwave heating as an alternative to traditional heating were used in carrot juice production and the effects of these electrical methods on juice quality were investigated. Electroplasmolysis and microwave applications were optimized by response surface methodology. Optimum conditions were these: voltage gradient of 22.2 V/cm and treatment time of 60 s for electroplasmolysis, and flow rate of 90 mL/min with power of 900 W for microwave heating. Production of carrot juice was carried out by using these optimum conditions. After production, carrot juice samples were stored for 4 mo at +4 °C and analyses were performed at monthly intervals. As a result of electroplasmolysis, a 9.7% increase in juice yield was obtained. In addition, 100% pectin methylesterase inactivation was found with the microwave heating application. The results showed that the highest values for quality characteristics, such as antioxidant capacity and total pectin, total phenolic, and total carotenoid contents, were obtained with the combined applications of the electrical methods. In addition, these quality characteristics were protected better in the group of combined applications of the electrical methods (electroplasmolysis + microwave) during storage.Practical Application:  Yield increase is a major objective in fruit and vegetable juice production. This study concluded that electroplasmolysis provided an increase in yield and also improved quality characteristics. Microwave heating was used as an alternative to traditional pasteurization. Applications can be adapted to production lines in industry.
Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase 65 and Islet Cell Antigen 512/IA-2 Autoantibodies in Relation to Human Leukocyte Antigen Class II DR and DQ Alleles and Haplotypes in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Stayoussef Mouna , Benmansour Jihen , Al-Jenaidi Fayza A. , Said Hichem B. , Rayana Chiheb B. , Mahjoub Touhami , Almawi Wassim Y. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTThe frequencies of autoantibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) and islet cell antigen (ICA) 512/IA-2 (512/IA-2) are functions of the specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). We investigated the association of HLA class II (DR and DQ) alleles and haplotypes with the presence of GAD and IA-2 autoantibodies in T1D. Autoantibodies were tested in 88 Tunisian T1D patients and 112 age- and gender-matched normoglycemic control subjects by enzyme immunoassay. Among T1D patients, mean anti-GAD antibody titers were higher in theDRB1*030101allele (P< 0.001), together with theDRB1*030101/DQB1*0201(P< 0.001) andDRB1*040101/DQB1*0302(P= 0.002) haplotypes, while lower anti-GAD titers were associated with theDRB1*070101(P= 0.001) andDRB1*110101(P< 0.001) alleles andDRB1*070101/DQB1*0201(P= 0.001) andDRB1*110101/DQB1*030101(P= 0.001) haplotypes. Mean anti-IA-2 antibody titers were higher in theDRB1*040101allele (P= 0.007) andDRB1*040101/DQB1*0302(P= 0.001) haplotypes but were lower in theDRB1*110101allele (P= 0.010) and theDRB1*110101(P< 0.001) andDRB1*110101/DQB1*030101(P= 0.025) haplotypes. Multinomial regression analysis confirmed the positive association ofDRB1*030101and the negative association ofDRB1*110101andDQB1*030101, along with theDRB1*070101/DQB1*0201andDRB1*110101/DQB1*030101haplotypes, with anti-GAD levels. In contrast, only theDRB1*040101/DQB1*0302haplotype was positively associated with altered anti-IA-2 titers. Increased GAD65 and IA-2 antibody positivity is differentially associated with select HLA class II alleles and haplotypes, confirming the heterogeneous nature of T1D.
Familial Spread of a Virulent Clone of Klebsiella pneumoniae Causing Primary Liver Abscess
Authors: Harada Sohei , Tateda Kazuhiro , Mitsui Hiroshi , Hattori Yusuke , Okubo Masao , Kimura Sei , Sekigawa Kenichiro , Kobayashi Katsuya , Hashimoto Naoaki , Itoyama Satoru , Nakai Tatsuro , Suzuki Takeo , Ishii Yoshikazu , Yamaguchi Keizo 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

Capsule-forming
Klebsiella pneumoniae
K1 caused primary liver abscess in two household members of a family. The causative isolates had identical pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns and were determined to be sequence type 23. An additional member of the family was found to carry the same strain without clinical manifestation.
First Molecular Identification and Phylogeny of a Babesia sp. from a Symptomatic Sow (Sus scrofa Linnaeus 1758)
Authors: Zobba Rosanna , Parpaglia Maria Luisa Pinna , Spezzigu Antonio , Pittau Marco , Alberti Alberto 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT
Porcine babesiosis is a widespread yet overlooked disease causing economic losses in many regions of the world. To date, the etiological agent of porcine babesiosis has not been molecularly characterized. Here, we provide the first molecular characterization of a piroplasm detected in a symptomatic sow, phylogenetically closely related to the Ungulibabesids. Results pave the way for future molecular epidemiology studies.
Detection of Intermediately Vancomycin-Susceptible and Heterogeneous Staphylococcus aureus Isolates: Comparison of Etest and Agar Screening Methods
Authors: Riederer K. , Shemes S. , Chase P. , Musta A. , Mar A. , Khatib R. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

Detection of
Staphylococcus aureus
isolates with intermediate vancomycin susceptibility (VISA) and heteroresistance (hVISA) remains problematic. The population analysis profile/area under the curve (PAP/AUC) is the gold standard but is cumbersome. We compared the performance of two Etest screening methods (macromethod [MAC] and glycopeptide resistance detection [GRD]) plus brain heart infusion (BHI) agars supplemented with 3 (BHI-V3) or 4 (BHI-V4) mg/liter vancomycin in detecting hVISA and/or VISA phenotypes. Etest hVISA screenings were done in parallel for 485 saved methicillin-resistant
S. aureus
(MRSA) blood isolates according to the manufacturer's instructions. The PAP/AUC was measured for all isolates according to the modified method. PAP/AUC test isolate/Mu3 ratios of <0.9, 0.9 to 1.3, and >1.3 were considered positive for susceptible MRSA (S-MRSA), hVISA, and VISA, respectively. PAP/AUC revealed seven VISA and 33 hVISA phenotypes. MAC screening was positive for 30 (75.0%) hVISA/VISA and 49 (11.0%) S-MRSA isolates. GRD screening was positive for 28 (70.0%) hVISA/VISA and 63 (14.2%) S-MRSA isolates. Growth on BHI-V3 was noted in all hVISA/VISA and 24 (5.4%) S-MRSA isolates. Growth on BHI-V4 was noted in all VISA and four (12.1%) hVISA isolates. None of the S-MRSA isolates grew on BHI-V4 agar. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values were 75.0%, 89.0%, 38.0%, and 97.5% for MAC; 70.0%, 85.8%, 30.8%, and 97.0% for GRD; 100%, 94.6%, 62.5%, and 100% for BHI-V3; and 100, 99.2%, 63.6%, and 100% for BHI-V4 (for detecting VISA). These findings suggest that both Etest screening methods have excellent NPV, but positive results require confirmation. BHI-V3 and BHI-V4 agars provide more precise identification of hVISA and VISA, respectively; they may be reasonable alternatives to PAP/AUC.
Added Value of an Oropharyngeal Swab in Detection of Viruses in Children Hospitalized with Lower Respiratory Tract Infection
Authors: Hammitt Laura L. , Kazungu Sidi , Welch Steve , Bett Anne , Onyango Clayton O. , Gunson Rory N. , Scott J. Anthony G. , Nokes D. James 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT
Paired nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs collected from 533 children hospitalized with lower respiratory tract infection were assessed by multiplex reverse transcription-PCR. Oropharyngeal swabs increased the number of viral infections detected by 15%, compared to collection of a nasopharyngeal swab alone. This advantage was most pronounced for detection of influenza, parainfluenza, and adenovirus.
Gammaherpesvirus 68 Infection of Endothelial Cells Requires both Host Autophagy Genes and Viral Oncogenes for Optimal Survival and Persistence
Authors: Suárez Andrea Luísa , Kong Raymond , George Tad , He Liqiang , Yue Zhenyu , van Dyk Linda Faye 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT
Gammaherpesvirus-associated neoplasms include tumors of lymphocytes, epithelial cells, and endothelial cells (ECs). We previously showed that, unlike most cell types, ECs survive productive gammaherpesvirus 68 (γHV68) infection and achieve anchorage-independent growth, providing a cellular reservoir for viral persistence. Here, we demonstrated autophagy in infected ECs by analysis of LC3 localization and protein modification and that infected ECs progress through the autophagosome pathway by LC3 dual fluorescence and p62 analysis. We demonstrate that pharmacologic autophagy induction results in increased survival of infected ECs and, conversely, that autophagy inhibition results in death of infected EC survivors. Furthermore, we identified two viral oncogenes, v-cyclin and v-Bcl2, that are critical to EC survival and that modify EC proliferation and survival during infection-induced autophagy. We found that these viral oncogenes can also facilitate survival of substrate detachment in the absence of viral infection. Autophagy affords cells the opportunity to recover from stressful conditions, and consistent with this, the altered phenotype of surviving infected ECs was reversible. Finally, we demonstrated that knockdown of critical autophagy genes completely abrogated EC survival. This study reveals a viral mechanism which usurps the autophagic machinery to promote viral persistence within nonadherent ECs, with the potential for recovery of infected ECs at a distant site upon disruption of virus replication.
Immunization with Recombinant HLA Classes I and II, HIV-1 gp140, and SIV p27 Elicits Protection against Heterologous SHIV Infection in Rhesus Macaques
Authors: Mörner Andreas , Jansson Marianne , Bunnik Evelien M. , Schøller Jørgen , Vaughan Robert , Wang Yufei , Montefiori David C. , Otting Nel , Bontrop Ronald , Bergmeier Lesley A. , Singh Mahavir , Wyatt Richard T. , Schuitemaker Hanneke , Biberfeld Gunnel , Thorstensson Rigmor , Lehner Thomas 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules expressed on the surface of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are potential targets for neutralizing antibodies. Since MHC molecules are polymorphic, nonself MHC can also be immunogenic. We have used combinations of novel recombinant HLA class I and II and HIV/simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) antigens, all linked to dextran, to investigate whether they can elicit protective immunity against heterologous simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) challenge in rhesus macaques. Three groups of animals were immunized with HLA (group 1,
n
= 8), trimeric YU2 HIV type 1 (HIV-1) gp140 and SIV p27 (HIV/SIV antigens; group 2,
n
= 8), or HLA plus HIV/SIV antigens (group 3,
n
= 8), all with Hsp70 and TiterMax Gold adjuvant. Another group (group 4,
n
= 6) received the same vaccine as group 3 without TiterMax Gold. Two of eight macaques in group 3 were completely protected against intravenous challenge with 18 50% animal infective doses (AID
50
) of SHIV-SF162P4/C grown in human cells expressing HLA class I and II lineages represented in the vaccine, while the remaining six macaques showed decreased viral loads compared to those in unimmunized animals. Complement-dependent neutralizing activity in serum and high levels of anti-HLA antibodies were elicited in groups 1 and 3, and both were inversely correlated with the plasma viral load at 2 weeks postchallenge. Antibody-mediated protection was strongly supported by the fact that transfer of pooled serum from the two challenged but uninfected animals protected two naïve animals against repeated low-dose challenge with the same SHIV stock. This study demonstrates that immunization with recombinant HLA in combination with HIV-1 antigens might be developed into an alternative strategy for a future AIDS vaccine.
Enhancement of Replication of RNA Viruses by ADAR1 via RNA Editing and Inhibition of RNA-Activated Protein Kinase
Authors: Gélinas Jean-François , Clerzius Guerline , Shaw Eileen , Gatignol Anne 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT
Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) is a double-stranded RNA binding protein and RNA-editing enzyme that modifies cellular and viral RNAs, including coding and noncoding RNAs. This interferon (IFN)-induced protein was expected to have an antiviral role, but recent studies have demonstrated that it promotes the replication of many RNA viruses. The data from these experiments show that ADAR1 directly enhances replication of hepatitis delta virus, human immunodeficiency virus type 1, vesicular stomatitis virus, and measles virus. The proviral activity of ADAR1 occurs through two mechanisms: RNA editing and inhibition of RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR). While these pathways have been found independently, the two mechanisms can act in concert to increase viral replication and contribute to viral pathogenesis. This novel type of proviral regulation by an IFN-induced protein, combined with some antiviral effects of hyperediting, sheds new light on the importance of ADAR1 during viral infection and transforms our overall understanding of the innate immune response.
Genome-Wide Analysis of the 5′ and 3′ Ends of Vaccinia Virus Early mRNAs Delineates Regulatory Sequences of Annotated and Anomalous Transcripts
Authors: Yang Zhilong , Bruno Daniel P. , Martens Craig A. , Porcella Stephen F. , Moss Bernard 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT
Poxviruses are large DNA viruses that encode a multisubunit RNA polymerase, stage-specific transcription factors, and enzymes that cap and polyadenylate mRNAs within the cytoplasm of infected animal cells. Genome-wide microarray and RNA-seq technologies have been used to profile the transcriptome of vaccinia virus (VACV), the prototype member of the family. Here, we adapted tag-based methods in conjunction with SOLiD and Illumina deep sequencing platforms to determine the precise 5′ and 3′ ends of VACV early mRNAs and map the putative transcription start sites (TSSs) and polyadenylation sites (PASs). Individual and clustered TSSs were found preceding 104 annotated open reading frames (ORFs), excluding pseudogenes. In the majority of cases, a 15-nucleotide consensus core motif was present upstream of the ORF. This motif, however, was also present at numerous other locations, indicating that it was insufficient for transcription initiation. Further analysis revealed a 10-nucleotide AT-rich spacer following functional core motifs that may facilitate DNA unwinding. Additional putative TSSs occurred in anomalous locations that may expand the functional repertoire of the VACV genome. However, many of the anomalous TSSs lacked an upstream core motif, raising the possibility that they arose by a processing mechanism as has been proposed for eukaryotic systems. Discrete and clustered PASs occurred about 40 nucleotides after an UUUUUNU termination signal. However, a large number of PASs were not preceded by this motif, suggesting alternative polyadenylation mechanisms. Pyrimidine-rich coding strand sequences were found immediately upstream of both types of PASs, signifying an additional feature of VACV 3′-end formation and polyadenylation.
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus-Simian Retrovirus Type 2 Vaccine Protects Macaques from Detectable Infection and B-Cell Destruction
Authors: Gautam Rajeev , Iyer Arun , Hunter Meredith , Das Arpita , Williams Tessa , Dufour Jason , Apetrei Cristian , Kousoulas K. Gus , Marx Preston A. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

Natural infection with simian retrovirus (SRV) has long been recognized in rhesus macaques (RMs) and may result in an AIDS-like disease. Importantly, SRV infections persist as a problem in recently imported macaques. Therefore, there is a clear need to control SRV spread in macaque colonies. We developed a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-SRV vaccine consisting of replication-competent hybrid VSVs that express SRV
gag
and
env
in separate vectors. The goal of this study was to assess the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the VSV-SRV serotype 2 vaccine prime-boost approach in RMs. The VSV-SRV vector (expressing either SRV
gag
or
env
) vaccines were intranasally administered in 4 RMs, followed by a boost 1 month after the first vaccination. Four RMs served as controls and received the VSV vector alone. Two months after the boost, all animals were intravenously challenged with SRV-2 and monitored for 90 days. After the SRV-2 challenge, all four controls became infected, and viral loads (VLs) ranged from 10
6
to 10
8
SRV RNA copies/ml of plasma. Two animals in the control group developed simian AIDS within 7 to 8 weeks postinfection and were euthanized. Anemia and weight loss were observed in the remaining controls. During acute infection, severe B-cell depletion and no significant changes in T-cell population were observed in the control group. Control RMs with greater preservation of B cells and lower VLs survived longer. SRV-2 was undetectable in vaccinated animals, which remained healthy, with no clinical or biological signs of infection and preservation of B cells. Our study showed that the VSV-SRV vaccine is a strong approach for preventing clinically relevant type D retrovirus infection and disease in RMs, with protection of 4/4 RMs from SRV infection and prevention of B-cell destruction. B-cell protection was the strongest correlate of the long-term survival of all vaccinated and control RMs.
Dynamic quadriceps angle: a comparison of female elite volleyball players with and without patellofemoral pain syndrome
Authors: Massada M , Aido R , Magalhães C , Puga N 
Published: April 2011

BackgroundPatellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is the most common complaint in female volleyball players. Larger quadriceps femoris angle (Q angle) has been implicated as a source of patellofemoral pain but values measured during functional tasks (dynamic Q angle) have not been adequately documented in the literature.ObjectiveWith this study, we attempt to determine whether excessive Q angle during a functional task is related with PFPS.DesignA correlational study.SettingThe study was conducted among high performance female athletes all participating in the Portuguese A1 Division.Participants50 female volleyball players participated. They were included in one of two groups, according to the presence or absence of patellofemoral pain.InterventionsStatic Q angle was measured using a goniometer. Subjects were videotaped during the execution of simple functional tasks and dynamic Q angle was determined ‘a posteriori’ using a video analysis program.Main outcome measurementsA correlation was examined between static and dynamic Q angle and the prevalence of patellofemoral pain.ResultsWhen averaged across all conditions, the average dynamic Q-angle was significantly higher in the PFP group compared to the control group (34.9° vs 22.3°). We found a relationship between larger dynamic Q angles and PFPS (r=-0.517) that remained significant (p<0.01) when the static Q angle was normal.ConclusionsThe results substantiate the belief that lower extremity motion during dynamic tasks may increase Q-angle and the lateral force acting on the patella, even on individuals with a ‘normal’ static Q-angle. Static Q-angle measurements in this study showed little relationship to dynamic Q-angle measurements and with the presence of PFP.
Concentric and eccentric strength profile of quadriceps and hamstrings in healthy volleyball players
Authors: Hadzic V , Dervisevic E , Veselko M 
Published: April 2011

BackgroundLower-extremity strength profile can be used in injury prevention, conditioning and rehabilitation of volleyball players.ObjectivesThe goals were: (1) to describe the concentric and eccentric quadriceps (Q) and hamstrings (H) muscle function in volleyball players, (2) to evaluate the differences in Q and H strength, strength ratios and bilateral strength asymmetry among age groups, playing positions and playing levels, (3) to compare bilateral strength asymmetry in Q and H muscles in two different contraction modes.DesignControlled laboratory study.SettingCompetitive elite level.Participants and intervention95 professional male volleyball players were tested on an isokinetic machine at 60°/sec to assess concentric and eccentric Q and H strength. We also calculated strength ratios and bilateral strength asymmetries.ResultsMultivariate analysis of variances indicated significant main effect of playing level on relative PT (p=0.001) and strength ratios (p<0.05). International-level players had significantly (p<0.05) higher H strength and dynamic control ratio (DCR) of the right leg compared to the first and/or second national division players. There were no signs of bilateral strength asymmetry regardless of muscle group tested and contraction mode.ConclusionsOur results suggest that right H strength and DCR could be important for successful volleyball performance. Descriptive data about Q and H muscle function can be used as guidelines for coaches and therapists during training and rehabilitation of male volleyball players.
Respiratory parameters of elite national water polo and volleyball players
Authors: Plavsic J , Djordjevic-Saranovic S , Gavrilovic T , Zlatkovic J , Mazic S 
Published: April 2011

BackgroundThe differences in respiratory parameters among young athletes could be influenced by biological development itself or they could appear under the impact of the training stimulus that is characteristic for a certain type of sport.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to show the differences in respiratory parameters (FVC (L), FEV1 (L), PEF (L/s), MVV (L/min), VE (L/min), Vmax-25 (L/s), Vmax-50 (L/s), Vmax-75 (L/s), VT (L)) between the two groups of elite national water polo and volleyball teams.Setting and participantsThis research included 32 mail professional players divided in two groups, water polo (n1=15, age 25.95±3.60 years old, body height 192.70±3.76 cm, body weight 100.80±5.84 kg) and volleyball (n2=17, age 24.53±3.80 years old, body height 198.44±4.97 cm, body weigh 91.47±9.84 kg). The research was conducted in the laboratory for functional diagnostic in the National Institute of Sport in Belgrade.MethodsMeasurement of respiratory parameters was performed using a Cosmed spyrometer Pony graphic.ResultsBy applying the T test on two small independent samples we didn't notice statistically significance difference in respiratory parameters between elite national water polo and volleyball teams. On the level of statistic significance p<0.001 we spotted a difference in body height (water polo 192.70±3.76 cm vs volleyball 198.44±4.97 cm) and body weight (water polo 100.80±5.84 kg vs volleyball 91.41±9.84 kg).ConclusionsWe observed no significant differences in static and dynamic respiratory parameters among the participating senior water polo and volleyball players. We conclude that after complete biological development, it is not possible to influence most respiratory parameters studied.