bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fault tectonic analysis of Kii peninsula, Southwest Japan: Preliminary approach to Neogene paleostress sequence near the Nankai subduction zone
Authors: CHOI POM‐YONG , NAKAE SATOSHI , KIM HYEONCHEOL 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe southern part of the Outer Zone of Southwest Japan including the Kii peninsula belongs to the tectonic ‘shadow zone’, where fewer conspicuous active faults and less Quaternary sediments develop than in the Nankai subduction zone and Inner Zone of Southwest Japan. In order to study the paleostress sequence of the Kii peninsula, we analyzed fault‐slip data and tension gashes at pilot sites of Early–Middle Miocene forearc sediments and Late Cretaceous accretionary complex. According to the results, six faulting events are reconstructed in sequence: (i) east–west extension (normal faulting); (ii) east–west compression and north–south extension (strike‐slip faulting); (iii) NNW–SSE compression and ENE–WSW extension (strike‐slip faulting); (iv) northeast–southwest compression and northwest–southeast extension (strike‐slip faulting); (v) WNW–ESE compression (strike‐slip or reverse faulting); and (vi) NNE–SSW extension. The north–south to NNW–SSE trending dyke swarm of Middle Miocene age in the Kii peninsula is thought to be related to Event 3, implying that Event 3 was active at least during the Middle Miocene. Because Event 6 is recognized solely at a site, the overall latest faulting event seems to be Event 5. Assuming that the compression results from the motion of the crust or plate, the compression direction of Event 5 is in good accordance with the present‐day WNW crustal velocity vectors of the Kii peninsula. The stress trajectory map of Southeast Korea and Southwest Japan reveals that the current compression directions of the Kii peninsula correspond to the combinatory stress fields of the Himalayan and Philippine Sea tectonic domains.
Light and portable novel device for diabetic retinopathy screening
Authors: Ting Daniel SW , Tay‐Kearney Mei Ling , Kanagasingam Yogesan 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground:  To validate the use of an economical portable multipurpose ophthalmic imaging device, EyeScan (Ophthalmic Imaging System, Sacramento, CA, USA), for diabetic retinopathy screening.Design:  Evaluation of a diagnostic device.Participants:  One hundred thirty‐six (272 eyes) were recruited from diabetic retinopathy screening clinic of Royal Perth Hospital, Western Australia, Australia.Methods:  All patients underwent three‐field (optic disc, macular and temporal view) mydriatic retinal digital still photography captured by EyeScan and FF450 plus (Carl Zeiss Meditec, North America) and were subsequently examined by a senior consultant ophthalmologist using the slit‐lamp biomicroscopy (reference standard). All retinal images were interpreted by a consultant ophthalmologist and a medical officer.Main Outcome Measures:  The sensitivity, specificity and kappa statistics of EyeScan and FF450 plus with reference to the slit‐lamp examination findings by a senior consultant ophthalmologist.Results:  For detection of any grade of diabetic retinopathy, EyeScan had a sensitivity and specificity of 93 and 98%, respectively (ophthalmologist), and 92 and 95%, respectively (medical officer). In contrast, FF450 plus images had a sensitivity and specificity of 95 and 99%, respectively (ophthalmologist), and 92 and 96%, respectively (medical officer). The overall kappa statistics for diabetic retinopathy grading for EyeScan and FF450 plus were 0.93 and 0.95 for ophthalmologist and 0.88 and 0.90 for medical officer, respectively.Conclusions:  Given that the EyeScan requires minimal training to use and has excellent diagnostic accuracy in screening for diabetic retinopathy, it could be potentially utilized by the primary eye care providers to widely screen for diabetic retinopathy in the community.
Developmental changes in the discrimination of dynamic human actions in infancy
Authors: Loucks Jeff , Sommerville Jessica A. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractRecent evidence suggests that adults selectively attend to features of action, such as how a hand contacts an object, and less to configural properties of action, such as spatial trajectory, when observing human actions. The current research investigated whether this bias develops in infancy. We utilized a habituation paradigm to assess 4‐month‐old and 10‐month‐old infants’ discrimination of action based on featural, configural, and temporal sources of action information. Younger infants were able to discriminate changes to all three sources of information, but older infants were only able to reliably discriminate changes to featural information. These results highlight a previously unknown aspect of early action processing, and suggest that action perception may undergo a developmental process akin to perceptual narrowing.
Applying the PRECIS Criteria to Describe Three Effectiveness Trials of Weight Loss in Obese Patients with Comorbid Conditions
Authors: Glasgow Russell E. , Gaglio Bridget , Bennett Gary , Jerome Gerald J. , Yeh Hsin‐Chieh , Sarwer David B. , Appel Lawrence , Colditz Graham , Wadden Thomas A. , Wells Barbara 
Published: November 2011

ObjectivesTo characterize Practice‐Based Opportunities for Weight Reduction (POWER) trials along the pragmatic‐explanatory continuum.SettingsThe POWER trials consist of three individual studies that target obesity treatment in primary care settings.DesignUsing the PRagmatic Explanatory Continuum Indicator Summary (PRECIS) criteria, nine reviewers independently scored each trial.MethodsAverage and median ratings, inter‐rater reliability, and relationships to additional ratings of the extent to which study designs were explanatory (i.e., efficacy) versus pragmatic (i.e., practical) and related to external validity were determined.Principal FindingsOne trial was consistently rated as being significantly more pragmatic than the others (R2 = 0.43, p < .001), although all three were in the moderate range on the PRECIS scales. Ratings varied across PRECIS dimensions, being most pragmatic on comparison condition and primary outcome. Raters, although undergoing training and using identical definitions, scored their own study as more pragmatic than the other studies/interventions.ConclusionsThese results highlight the need for more comprehensive reporting on PRECIS and related criteria for research translation. The PRECIS criteria provide a richer understanding of the POWER studies. It is not clear whether the original criteria are sufficient to provide a comprehensive profile.
Transport in Medieval England
Authors: Langdon John , Claridge Jordan 
Published: November 2011

AbstractMedieval transport might strike the uninitiated as inherently primitive, but developments in the technology and infrastructure of getting goods and people around in the Middle Ages were constantly occurring. In the case of medieval England, they contributed critically to the commercialization in the country, particularly for the period from 1066 to around 1300. Nor was the story one of gradual and inexorable progress, but one of many twists and turns, as transport adjusted to major shifts in the social and economic environment, particularly when the Black Death struck in the middle of the 14th century. In broad terms, it appears that inland water transport developed quite significantly in the early medieval period (up to, say, 1300), but that land transport gradually improved to the extent that river navigation, while remaining important in certain parts of the country, especially the east, began an overall decline (although coastal shipping continued to be important). A key factor in this was the building of bridges, which were critical in integrating the road network. However, a particularly salient and as yet unexplained paradox was that, as commercial traffic increased, the legal and social framework for the upkeep of road and river transport networks seemingly relaxed, so that enforcement of the maintenance provisions of bridges and roads became more uncertain. Despite this, the excitement for travel continued to grow, for religious and other reasons, and began to be reflected in a growing popularity of maps, from displaying local institutions and communities to depictions of the world and cosmos (the so‐called mappae mundi). Thus, over recent decades, medieval English transport has become situated more securely within larger social, economic and cultural visions of the period, as documentary, archaeological and iconographic studies with strong transport orientations have become more common and inventive.
State Prelates in Renaissance France and England: New Light on the Formation of Early Modern States1
Authors: Michon Cédric 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis paper analyses the genesis of the Modern State in France and England through one of its components. It shows how bishops and other church leaders played a considerable role in both governments, being something like the ‘third pillar’ of government, but to different effect. While French prelates were of noble birth and shared values and attitudes of the nobility, their English counterparts were nearly all social upstarts, shaped by the universities they had attended rather than by the clans into which they had been born. So, while the church constituted yet another avenue by which aristocratic values permeated French political life, in England, State prelates used their university contacts – the ‘Cambridge Connection’– as a kind of extended family to face the aristocratic opposition. State prelates were a special instance of the growth of the Renaissance state, and in England as in France, specialization ultimately diminished the value of multi‐purpose state servants learned in canon and civil law. That is the reason why state prelates disappeared from their political role after 1560 in England and after 1600 in France.
Silver Distribution and Release from an Antimicrobial Denture Base Resin Containing Silver Colloidal Nanoparticles
Authors: Monteiro Douglas Roberto , Gorup Luiz Fernando , Takamiya Aline Satie , de Camargo Emerson Rodrigues , Filho Adhemar Colla Ruvolo , Barbosa Debora Barros 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPurpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate a denture base resin containing silver colloidal nanoparticles through morphological analysis to check the distribution and dispersion of these particles in the polymer and by testing the silver release in deionized water at different time periods.Materials and Methods: A Lucitone 550 denture resin was used, and silver nanoparticles were synthesized by reduction of silver nitrate with sodium citrate. The acrylic resin was prepared in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions, and silver nanoparticle suspension was added to the acrylic resin monomer in different concentrations (0.05, 0.5, and 5 vol% silver colloidal). Controls devoid of silver nanoparticles were included. The specimens were stored in deionized water at 37°C for 7, 15, 30, 60, and 120 days, and each solution was analyzed using atomic absorption spectroscopy.Results: Silver was not detected in deionized water regardless of the silver nanoparticles added to the resin and of the storage period. Micrographs showed that with lower concentrations, the distribution of silver nanoparticles was reduced, whereas their dispersion was improved in the polymer. Moreover, after 120 days of storage, nanoparticles were mainly located on the surface of the nanocomposite specimens.Conclusions: Incorporation of silver nanoparticles in the acrylic resin was evidenced. Moreover, silver was not detected by the detection limit of the atomic absorption spectrophotometer used in this study, even after 120 days of storage in deionized water. Silver nanoparticles are incorporated in the PMMA denture resin to attain an effective antimicrobial material to help control common infections involving oral mucosal tissues in complete denture wearers.
Virologic and clinical features of primary infection with human parvovirus 4 in subjects with hemophilia: frequent transmission by virally inactivated clotting factor concentrates
Authors: Sharp Colin P. , Lail Alice , Donfield Sharyne , Gomperts Edward D. , Simmonds Peter 
Published: November 2011

BACKGROUND: Human parvovirus 4 (PARV4) is a newly discovered parvovirus prevalent in injecting drug users and other groups with histories of parenteral exposure including persons with hemophilia exposed to non–virally inactivated clotting factor concentrates. To investigate its potential ongoing transmission to persons with hemophilia treated with plasma‐derived, virally inactivated clotting factors, we screened a large cohort of persons with hemophilia for antibody seroconversion to PARV4 over a 5‐year observation period.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Samples from 195 persons with hemophilia enrolled in the Hemophilia Growth and Development Study cohort were screened for PARV4 antibodies at the start and end of a 5‐year period of treatment with exclusively virally inactivated clotting factor concentrates. Samples collected at intermediate time points from subjects seroconverting over the study period were screened to narrow down the seroconversion time and investigate immunoglobulin (Ig)M responses, duration of acute viremia, and clinical presentations.RESULTS: PARV4 seroprevalence at the outset of the study was 44%. Over the observation period, nine subjects (seven human immunodeficiency virus positive) seroconverted for anti‐PARV4 (incidence, 1.7%/year). Infected subjects showed relatively prolonged durations of viremia (mean, 7 months) and weak, transient IgM responses during acute infections. Clotting factors inactivated by solvent/detergent or by wet or dry heat were infectious. The most common clinical presentations were rashes and exacerbation of hepatitis.CONCLUSION: This study identifies PARV4 as a transfusion‐transmissible agent that is resistant to viral inactivation. Of concern, infections may still regularly occur in those exposed to plasma‐derived blood products. Urgent evaluation of the incidence of PARV4 in treated individuals and disease associations of PARV4 infections is required.
Inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 signalling induces colorectal cancer cell apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway
Authors: Du Wan , Hong Jie , Wang Ying‐Chao , Zhang Yan‐Jie , Wang Ping , Su Wen‐Yu , Lin Yan‐Wei , Lu Rong , Zou Wei‐Ping , Xiong Hua , Fang Jing‐Yuan 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAbnormalities in the JAK2/STAT3 pathway are involved in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC), including apoptosis. However, the exact mechanism by which dysregulated JAK2/STAT3 signalling contributes to the apoptosis has not been clarified. To investigate the role of both JAK2 and STAT3 in the mechanism underlying CRC apoptosis, we inhibited JAK2 with AG490 and depleted STAT3 with a small interfering RNA. Our data showed that inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 signalling induced CRC cellular apoptosis via modulating the Bcl‐2 gene family, promoting the loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Δψm) and the increase of reactive oxygen species. In addition, our results demonstrated that the translocation of cytochrome c (Cyt c), caspase activation and cleavage of poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) were present in apoptotic CRC cells after down‐regulation of JAK2/STAT3 signalling. Moreover, inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 signalling suppressed CRC xenograft tumour growth. We found that JAK2/STAT3 target genes were decreased; meanwhile caspase cascade was activated in xenograft tumours. Our findings illustrated the biological significance of JAK2/STAT3 signalling in CRC apoptosis, and provided novel evidence that inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 induced apoptosis via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Therefore, JAK2/STAT3 signalling may be a potential target for therapy of CRC.
Regional and temporal variation in hysterectomy rates and surgical routes for benign diseases in the Netherlands
Authors: HANSTEDE MIRIAM M. F. , BURGER MARTIJN J. , TIMMERMANS ANNE , BURGER MATTHÉ P. M. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract  Objective. To provide descriptive statistics on hysterectomy for benign gynecological conditions in the Netherlands and to analyze regional and temporal variations in hysterectomy rates and surgical routes. Design. Retrospective cohort study. Setting. Dutch hospitals. Population. All women with a hysterectomy for benign gynecological conditions in the Netherlands in 1995–2005. Methods. This study is based on an analysis of the Dutch registry of hospital admissions for 1995–2005. Main outcome measures. The age‐adjusted hysterectomy rate and age‐ and diagnosis‐adjusted proportion of vaginal hysterectomies for each Dutch healthcare region and time period. Results. The average annual crude hysterectomy rate for benign disease only, was 17.2 per 10 000 women of all ages. The vaginal route was chosen for 50.8% of the patients. During the study period, the number of hysterectomies for bleeding disorders declined almost 25%. Among 27 Dutch healthcare regions, the age‐adjusted hysterectomy rates for bleeding disorders and pelvic organ prolapse varied 2.2‐ and 2.3‐fold, respectively. The average annual age‐ and diagnosis‐adjusted proportion of vaginal hysterectomies varied from 43.4 to 63.8%. The regional differences with regard to rate and proportion declined slightly over time. Conclusions. The Netherlands is among the countries with the lowest hysterectomy rates and the highest proportion of vaginal hysterectomies. The regional differences indicate that a further decrease in the hysterectomy rates and an increase in the proportion of vaginal hysterectomies are possible.
Re‐visioning Romantic‐Era Gothicism: An Introduction to Key Works and Themes in the Study of H.P. Lovecraft
Authors: Smith Philip 
Published: November 2011

AbstractHoward Phillips Lovecraft was an author, letter writer and poet who lived between 1890 and 1937. His works blend science fiction with Gothic themes. Lovecraft was, by the majority of accounts (including his own), a bad writer. He was also an outspoken racist for the majority of his life to a degree which makes much of his work, to a modern reader, politically grotesque. Despite the above, it would not be an exaggeration to say that Lovecraft’s work can be found in the genealogy of almost all modern science fiction and horror. This essay introduces the major concepts in critical responses to the fictional prose works of H.P. Lovecraft. The author examines the recurring themes of language, genre, literary influences, xenophobia, cosmic indifferentism, dreams, time and the influence of Lovecraft. This essay does not, due to length limitations, seek to be inclusive of all Lovecraft criticism, but instead presents key themes and works. Nor does it address the totality of Lovecraft’s work and focuses, instead on readings of his fictional prose works.
Predictors for Poststroke Outcomes: The Tel Aviv Brain Acute Stroke Cohort (TABASCO) Study Protocol
Authors: Ben Assayag Einor , Korczyn Amos D. , Giladi Nir , Goldbourt Uri , Berliner A. Sholmo , Shenhar-Tsarfaty Shani , Kliper Efrat , Hallevi Hen , Shopin Ludmila , Hendler Talma , Baashat Dafna Ben , Aizenstein Orna , Soreq Hermona , Katz Noomi , Solomon Zahava , Mike Anat , Usher Sali , Hausdorff Jeff M. , Auriel Eitan , Shapira Itzhak , Bornstein Natan M. 
Published: November 2011

Background Recent studies have demonstrated that even survivors of mild stroke experience residual damage, which persists and in fact increases in subsequent years. About 45% of stroke victims remain with different levels of disability. Identifying factors associated with poststroke cognitive and neurological decline could potentially yield more effective therapeutic opportunities. Aims and hypothesis We hypothesize that data based on biochemical, neuroimaging, genetic and psychological measures can, in aggregate, serve as better predictors for subsequent disability, cognitive and neurological deterioration, and suggest possible interventions. Design The Tel-Aviv Brain Acute Stroke Cohort (TABASCO) study is an ongoing, prospective cohort study that will recruit approximately 1125 consecutive first-ever mild–moderate stroke patients. It is designed to evaluate the association between predefined demographic, psychological, inflammatory, biochemical, neuroimaging and genetic markers, measured during the acute phase, and long-term outcome: subsequent cognitive deterioration, vascular events (including recurrent strokes), falls, affect changes, functional everyday difficulties and mortality. Discussion This study is an attempt to comprehensively investigate the long-term outcome of mild–moderate strokes. Its prospective design will provide quantitative data on stroke recurrence, the incidence of other vascular events and the evaluation of cognitive, affective and functional decline. Identifying the factors associated with poststroke cognitive and functional decline could potentially yield more effective therapeutic approaches.
We Remember? The Catholic Church and the Holocaust
Authors: Lawson Tom 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe furore surrounding the response of the Catholic Church and especially Pope Pius XII to the Holocaust shows no sign of abating. Scholars are as likely to proclaim Pius XII the great defender of Jewish interests during the Second World War as they are to find him ‘Hitler’s Pope’ and enthusiastic supporter of Nazi antisemitism. This article surveys the scholarship in this area, and demonstrates that this is a discourse concerned with more than just a narrow past. It is concerned with much broader issues such as the fundamental relationship between Christianity, antisemitism and National Socialism, but it is also a conflict concerned with how we access the past, about what represents moral action, and about the purpose of the Catholic Church in the world today.
Social Exclusion and the Desire to Reconnect
Authors: DeWall C. Nathan , Richman Stephanie B. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPeople have a fundamental need to belong that, when satisfied, is linked to a variety of indicators of well‐being. The current article discusses what happens when social relationships go awry, namely through social exclusion. It seeks to resolve discrepancies in the literature by proposing that responses to social exclusion depend primarily on the prospect of social acceptance. When people feel socially excluded, they want to regain acceptance and thus may respond in ways that can help them do so. When the possibility of acceptance is not forthcoming, however, socially excluded people become selfish and antisocial. Evidence for this pattern was found at behavioral, cognitive, and biological levels. The motivation to gain acceptance may drive people to engage in negative health behaviors, such as smoking. Thus, excluded people demonstrate sensitivity to possible social acceptance, but they can exude an air of selfishness and hostility when there is no possibility of satisfying their need to belong.
Social Stigma and its Consequences for the Socially Stigmatized
Authors: Frost David M. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis paper presents an integrative review of current and classic theory and research on social stigma and its consequences for the socially stigmatized. Specific attention is paid to stigma‐related processes surrounding race/ethnicity, gender, and sexual orientation. The origins and perpetration of social stigma are discussed alongside perspectives on how stigmatized groups and individuals experience stigma‐related stress. Consideration is given to responses to stigma in the form of coping, social support, and meaning‐making processes. Both the potential negative and positive consequences of social stigma are highlighted in this review through the integration of predominant social psychological theory with emerging critical and feminist theories of positive marginality and resistance. The paper culminates in a theoretical process model designed to provoke future theory and research that share its integrative aims.