bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Cleavage‐Remodeling of Covalent Organic Networks into Multidimensional Superstructures
Authors: Jiang Bo , Zhang Jie , Yu Kaifu , Jia Zhimin , Long Honghan , He Ningning , Zhang Yingdan , Zou Yingdi , Han Ziqian , Li Yang , Ma Lijian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSuperstructures with complex hierarchical spatial configurations exhibit broader structural depth than single hierarchical structures and the associated broader application prospects. However, current preparation methods are greatly constrained by cumbersome steps and harsh conditions. Here, for the first time, a concise and efficient thermally responsive dynamic synthesis strategy for the preparation of multidimensional complex superstructures within soluble covalent organic networks (SCONs) with tunable morphology from 0D hollow supraparticles to 2D films is presented. Mechanism study reveals the thermally responsive dynamic “cleavage‐remodeling” characteristics of SCONs, synthesized based on the unique bilayer structure of (2.2)paracyclophane, and the temperature control facilitates the process from reversible solubility to reorganization and construction of superstructures. Specifically, during the process, the oil–water‐emulsion two‐phase interface can be generated through droplet jetting, leading to the preparation of 0D hollow supraparticles and other bowl‐like complex superstructures with high yield. Additionally, by modulating the volatility and solubility of exogenous solvents, defect‐free 2D films are prepared relying on an air–liquid interface. Expanded experiments further confirm the generalizability and scalability of the proposed dynamic “cleavage‐remodeling” strategy. Research on the enrichment mechanism of guest iodine highlights the superior kinetic mass transfer performance of superstructural products compared to single‐hierarchical materials.
Aqueous Electrolyte With Weak Hydrogen Bonds for Four‐Electron Zinc–Iodine Battery Operates in a Wide Temperature Range
Authors: Liu Tingting , Lei Chengjun , Wang Huijian , Li Jinye , Jiang Pengjie , He Xin , Liang Xiao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn the pursuit of high‐performance energy storage systems, four‐electron zinc–iodine aqueous batteries (4eZIBs) with successive I−/I2/I+ redox couples are appealing for their potential to deliver high energy density and resource abundance. However, susceptibility of positive valence I+ to hydrolysis and instability of Zn plating/stripping in conventional aqueous electrolyte pose significant challenges. In response, polyethylene glycol (PEG 200) is introduced as co‐solvent in 2 m ZnCl2 aqueous solution to design a wide temperature electrolyte. Through a comprehensive investigation combining spectroscopic characterizations and theoretical simulations, it is elucidated that PEG disrupts the intrinsic strong H‐bonds of water by global weak PEG–H2O interaction, which strengthens the O─H covalent bond of water and intensifies the coordination with Zn2+. This synergistic effect substantially reduces water activity to restrain the I+ hydrolysis, facilitating I−/I2/I+ redox kinetics, mitigating I3− formation and smoothening Zn deposition. The 4eZIBs in the optimized hybrid electrolyte not only deliver superior cyclability with a low fading rate of 0.0009% per cycle over 20 000 cycles and a close‐to‐unit coulombic efficiency but also exhibit stable performance in a wide temperature range from 40 °C to −40 °C. This study offers valuable insights into the rational design of electrolytes for 4eZIBs.
A Thioether‐Bridging Surface Modification of Polymeric Microspheres Offers Nonbiological Protein A‐Mimetic Affinity for IgG
Authors: Kishida Takanori 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSurface modification of polymeric materials to control their interaction with proteins has been studied extensively, leading to widespread bio‐applications. However, the development of nonbiological, smart polymer surfaces, mimicking the recognition ability of biomolecules, remains a challenge. The present study presents a thioether‐bridging surface modification of polymeric microspheres as a new approach for mimicking protein A affinity for immunoglobulin G (IgG). The bridge‐modified surface is created through an epoxide linking reaction of porous polymeric microspheres with potassium thioacetate in a 2:1 molar ratio, acting as a protein A ligand, which is essential for industrial IgG purification. This surface exhibits buffer responsiveness and selective high‐affinity binding to the IgG Fc region. Remarkably, a comparison among the binding behaviors of a series of thioether‐modified microspheres indicates that bridging structures composed of β,β′‐dihydroxysulfide play a predominant role in IgG recognition. This straightforward approach can lead to the development of economical and practical nonbiological alternatives to protein A‐conjugated materials, providing solutions for various applications such as biosensors and site‐specific reagents utilizing the affinity of the IgG Fc region. The improved understanding of protein interactions at bridged/non‐bridged interfaces can be valuable in various applications such as implant materials and biomaterials.
High‐Resolution Printing‐Based Vertical Interconnects for Flexible Hybrid Electronics
Authors: Ma Sihang , Dahiya Abhishek Singh , Christou Adamos , Zumeit Ayoub , Dahiya Ravinder 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFlexible hybrid electronics (FHE) is an emerging area that combines printed electronics and ultra‐thin chip (UTC) technology to deliver high performance needed in applications such as wearables, robotics, and internet‐of‐things etc. The integration of UTCs on flexible substrates and the access to devices on them requires high resolution interconnects, which is a challenging task as thermal and mechanical mismatches do not allow conventional bonding methods to work. To address this challenge, the resource‐efficient, area‐efficient, and low‐cost printing routes for obtaining vertical interconnection accesses (VIAs) are demonstrated here. It is demonstrated how high‐resolution printers (electrohydrodynamic and extrusion‐based direct‐ink writing printers) can be used for patterning of high‐resolution, freeform, vertical conductive structures. To access the transistors on UTCs, the VIAs, obtained using conventional photolithography and plasma etching steps, are filled with conductive silver nanoparticle‐based ink/paste using high‐resolution printers. Comprehensive studies are performed to compare and benchmark in terms of: i) the printing speed and throughput of the printers, ii) the electrical performance of vertically connected transistors in UTCs, and iii) the electrical performance stability of FHE system (interconnects and UTCs) under mechanical bending conditions. This in‐depth study shows the potential use of printing technologies for development of high‐density 3D integrated FHE systems.
Catalytic Transfer Vinylation of Alcohols
Authors: Opačak Saša , Tin Sergey 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis review focuses on summarising the studies on transition metal catalysed transfer vinylation of alcohols using vinyl ethers and vinyl acetate as vinylating agents. Mercury, palladium, iridium and gold catalysts are discussed herein. Selected examples from publications and patents are given for the purpose of analysing functional group tolerance towards the methodology. In addition, mechanistic pathways are described.
In Situ Triflation‐Tandem Cross‐Coupling Enables Synthesis and Photophysical Studies of Indenones and Benzofulvenes
Authors: Mondal Sourav , Biswas Krishna , Ganesh Venkataraman 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIndan‐1,3‐diones stand as versatile precursors to a plethora of complex molecules with wide applications; however, their direct cross‐coupling methodologies remain largely unexplored. Herein, we unveil an in situ triflation‐tandem cross‐coupling strategy to synthesize a diverse variety of indenones and benzofulvenes from indan‐1,3‐diones. The successful synthesis of a neolignan natural product and the key intermediate of Indatraline (antidepressant) showcased the synthetic utility of the methodology. The strategy enabled tuning the electronic characteristics of indenones and benzofulvenes, modulating the HOMO‐LUMO gaps. The photophysical properties of these molecules were studied, and the experimental results were compared with the predictions obtained from the DFT studies.
Fabrication of S‐Scheme GDY‐CuI/ZnWO4 Photocatalyst to Promote Electron Transfer for Enhanced Photocatalytic H2 Evolution
Authors: Wang Kai , Wang Miao , Xie Haiyan , Li Songling , Kong Xu , Jin Zhiliang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe exceptional performance of graphdiyne (GDY) in photocatalysis for hydrogen evolution attracts much attention, but the narrow band gap of GDY complicates the effective realization of the dissociation between photogenerated charges and photogenerated holes. In this study, GDY‐CuI is synthesized by cross‐coupling method, and the wide bandgap ZnWO4 is introduced into it by low‐temperature mixing, which effectively constructed the GDY‐CuI/ZW‐50 double S‐scheme heterojunction. The optimized GDY‐CuI/ZW‐50 catalyst photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance reached 308.61 µmol after 5 h of visible light irradiation, which is 12.86 and 6.56 times than that of GDY‐CuI and ZnWO4, respectively. The improved efficiency of hydrogen evolution is attributed to the formation of a double S‐scheme heterojunction between GDY, CuI, and ZnWO4 and an internal electric field, which promotes charge transfer, reduces the complexation rate of photogenerated electrons, and enhances the redox capacity of photogenerated charges. A combination of photoelectrochemical analysis, in situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (In situ XPS), ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), and density functional theory (DFT) results revealed the electron transfer mechanism. This work will provide new ideas for the design and preparation of GDY‐based photocatalysts.
Molybdenum Disulfide Memristors for Next Generation Memory and Neuromorphic Computing: Progress and Prospects
Authors: Wells R. A. , Robertson A. W. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn the last 15 years memristors have been investigated as devices for high‐density, low‐power, non‐volatile, resistive random access memory (ReRAM) beyond Moore's law. They also show potential in neuromorphic logic architectures to overcome the Von–Neumann bottleneck of classical circuitry facilitating better hardware for artificial intelligence (AI) and artificial neural network (ANN) systems. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has emerged as a promising material for memristor devices of monolayer thickness due to its direct bandgap, high carrier mobility and environmental stability. In this review, recent progress in the development of MoS2 memristors the current understanding of the mechanisms behind their function are examined. The remaining obstacles to a commercially viable device principle and how these may be surmounted in light of the rapid progress that has already been made are also discussed.
Photochemical Oxidation of Substrate Water Analogs and Halides by Photosystem II
Authors: Shin Jieun , Kanyo Jean , Debus Richard J. , Brudvig Gary W. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPhotosystem II (PSII) is a multi‐subunit protein‐pigment complex with diverse redox‐active cofactors, which enabled the biological availability of O2 on Earth. The substrate specificity and the underlying redox chemistry of the Mn4CaO5 catalytic center are investigated using alternate substrates such as small molecules (ammonia and methanol) and halides (Cl‐, Br‐, I‐) instead of the natural substrate water. Changes in the kinetic profiles of steady‐state O2 evolution and of dichlorophenolindophenol (DCIP) photochemical reduction by PSII as well as the detection of modified sites by proteomic analysis implied the possibility of alternate substrate photooxidation. Of particular interest is the role of two chlorides bound close to the putative water channels in the native system. The mutation of D2‐K317 to alanine is believed to impair the binding of a catalytically relevant chloride, eliminating the chloride requirement for water oxidation catalysis. The efficiency of small molecule photooxidation by the OEC is enhanced by the mutated D2‐K317A PSII complex without the competition from chloride. These results provide insight into the role of bound chloride in native PSII as a filter for enhancing the selectivity of water oxidation. The design principles for PSII may be extended to new strategies for developing highly selective catalysts.
Have agricultural and applied economists lost sight of the land‐grant mission? A textual analysis of Presidential Addresses and Invited Papers from 1919–2022
Authors: Wilson Norbert L. W. , Hochhaus Natalie 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAgricultural and applied economists have maintained a public discourse at the Agricultural and Applied Economics Association (AAEA) meetings and subsequently published papers discussing the mission of land‐grant institutions and the role of AAEA members in that mission. With a content analysis of 4001 Invited Papers and Presidential Speeches, we find agricultural and applied economists questioned their profession's purpose and role within the land‐grant system. The reflective questions still apply to land‐grant institutions and the agricultural and applied economics profession. We argue that AAEA members are crucial in addressing the food and agricultural challenges connected to society's deepest needs today and into the future.
Is nutrition‐sensitive fish farming a panacea for Africa's increasing malnutrition burden? The case of Sierra Leone
Authors: Okeke‐Ogbuafor Nwamaka , Gray Tim , Sankoh Salieu , Bangura Abigail Abibatu , Stead Selina , Rajah Edward 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFish is vital for reducing hunger and malnutrition. However, the combined impact of climate change and overfishing is increasing the hunger and malnutrition burden on the African continent and its population of over 200 million people who depend on marine capture fishing and related activities for survival. Fish farming was introduced to alleviate these problems, and our study assessed the extent to which current fish farming activities in the least developed countries (LDCs) like Sierra Leone provide sufficient micro‐ and macro‐nutrients for local communities. The present study which is based on data from 300 survey questionnaires and 77 semi‐structured interviews administered in three communities in Sierra Leone, and from two expert judgments which investigated the nutritional impact of fish farming activities in Sierra Leone, revealed that (1) there is a range of sub‐standard fish farming activities from sampled farms; (2) that these activities could diminish the nutritional quality of farmed fish; and (3) that coastal communities were suspicious of eating or investing in fish farming. To alleviate Africa's increasing malnutrition, burden, our research highlights the need for investment in nutrition‐sensitive fish farming – a refocus from an emphasis on increasing production and income. The nutritional quality of farmed fish is a more basic consideration than the quantity of production for securing a healthy and economically viable fish farming sector for LDCs like Sierra Leone.
A Bayesian optimization approach for data‐driven mixed‐integer nonlinear programming problems
Authors: Morlet‐Espinosa Javier , Flores‐Tlacuahuac Antonio 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe optimization of process systems within the field of Chemical Engineering often confronts uncertainties that can exert significant influences on the performance and dependability of the obtained solutions. This research endeavors to investigate the application of Bayesian optimization in the realm of constrained mixed integer nonlinear problems. A comparative analysis was conducted, exploring different surrogate models, and evaluating diverse kernel functions and acquisition functions. Furthermore, a sampling strategy was devised to assess the enhancement achieved by the acquisition function. The findings of this article reveal the superior performance of sparse Gaussian processes in conjunction with computationally inexpensive acquisition functions, thereby highlighting their suitability for addressing mixed integer nonlinear programming problems characterized by noisy functions and stochastic behavior. Consequently, this article presents a computationally efficient approach to effectively tackle the challenges associated with data‐driven mixed integer nonlinear programming problems within the domain of Process System Engineering.
Insect herbivory on woody broadleaf seedlings along a subtropical elevational gradient supports the resource concentration hypothesis
Authors: Wang Xiaoran , Chen Lin , Zhang Hongwei , Liu Pengcheng , Shang Xiaofan , Wang Fang , Zhang Zhaochen , Zhao Jingchao , Sun Mufan , Chen Junhong , Zhang Jian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPremiseTheories of plant–herbivore interactions hold that seedlings are more vulnerable to herbivory in warmer and more stable climates at lower elevations. Hypotheses of plant apparency, resource concentration, and resource availability have been proposed to explain variability in leaf herbivory. However, seasonal differences in the effects of these hypotheses on leaf herbivory on seedlings remain unclear.MethodsWe evaluated the three herbivory hypotheses by comparing the percentage and frequency of leaf herbivory in understory broadleaf seedlings in a subtropical forest in May (spring) and October (autumn) along an elevational gradient (290–1370 m a.s.l.). In total, we measured 2890 leaves across 696 seedlings belonging to 95 species and used beta regressions to test the effects of plant apparency (e.g., leaf area, seedling height), resource concentration (e.g., plant species diversity), and resource availability (e.g., canopy openness, soil available N and P) on leaf herbivory.ResultsSeedlings exhibited unimodal patterns of leaf herbivory along elevation, with drivers of leaf herbivory varying by the month. Variation in the frequency of leaf herbivory was best explained by the resource concentration hypothesis (e.g., plant species diversity) in both months, and herbivory was lower on seedlings in sites with higher plant diversity. Plant apparency hypothesis (e.g., leaf area, seedling height) was weakly supported only in spring, and the evidence for resource availability hypothesis (e.g., canopy openness, soil nutrients) was mixed.ConclusionsThis study supports the resource concentration hypothesis and reveals the importance of seasonal difference on understanding leaf herbivory patterns and the drivers of plant diversity in subtropical forests.
Effects of particle size and particle concentration of poly (ethylene‐co‐methacrylic acid) on properties of epoxy resin
Authors: Nascimento Allana , Trappe Volker , Pavasaryte Lina , Melo José , Barbosa Ana Paula Cysne 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSelf‐healing polymers have been developed to improve durability and reduce costs associated with maintenance during service. The addition of thermoplastics to thermosets to produce mendable polymers appears as a promising self‐healing technique. In this study, poly (ethylene‐co‐methacrylic acid) (EMAA) was added to epoxy resin and the effects of EMAA addition on epoxy properties were evaluated. Specimens with two different contents of thermoplastic and particles sizes were manufactured. A two‐level full factorial experimental design was used to evaluate the effect of particle size and particle content on properties of epoxy modified with addition of EMAA. Tensile tests and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) were used and the evaluated responses were tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and glass transition temperature (Tg). X‐ray computed tomography (XCT) was used to investigate particle size and concentration after manufacturing. It was found that the particle concentration has greater effects on stress–strain behavior of epoxy while Tg was not significantly affected by neither of the analyzed entrance variables.
Irreversible temperature indicator based cellulose membranes conjugated with leuco‐dye pigment
Authors: Carvalho Margarida , Tavares Ana. P. M. , Marques Maria A. , Alves Joaquim J. , Figueira Joana , Morais Maria , Pinto Joana V. , Moreira Felismina T. C. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis research focuses on the development of thermochromic membranes made of cellulose acetate (CA) for temperature monitoring of sensitive food products. Two dual TC membranes developed for the control of different temperature ranges were formulated using a three‐component system: a leuco‐dye membrane (crystal violet lactone, CVL) integrated with an acidic membrane containing the color developer (salicylic acid) and the acidic solvent with different melting points (decanoic acid, DA, or methacrylic acid, MA). The CVL membrane, together with the DA membrane, showed an irreversible color change when exposed to 35°C, which was facilitated by the melting of DA. The CVL membrane also underwent an irreversible color change when exposed to 15°C together with the MA membrane. The membranes were characterized in detail using scanning electron microscopy. The evaluation of color changes, reproducibility, specificity, and stability ensured the practical suitability of these membranes. Overall, this innovative approach has proven to be a reproducible, sustainable, cost‐effective method to produce irreversible colorimetric temperature sensors. These sensors have significant potential for applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries and offer a promising way to improve product safety and quality.
Cyclotriphosphazene: A Versatile Building Block for Diverse Functional Materials
Authors: Lee Johnathan Joo Cheng , Chua Ming Hui , Wang Suxi , Qu Zhengyao , Zhu Qiang , Xu Jianwei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCyclotriphosphazene (CP) is a cyclic inorganic compound with the chemical formula N3P3. This unique molecule consists of a six‐membered ring composed of alternating nitrogen and phosphorus atoms, each bonded to two chlorine atoms. CP exhibits remarkable versatility and significance in the realm of materials chemistry due to its easy functionalization via facile nucleophilic substitution reactions in mild conditions as well as intriguing properties of resultant final CP‐based molecules or polymers. CP has been served as an important building block for numerous functional materials. This review provides a general and broad overview of the synthesis of CP‐based small molecules through nucleophilic substitution of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP), and their applications, including flame retardants, liquid crystals (LC), chemosensors, electronics, biomedical materials, and lubricants, have been summarized and discussed. It would be expected that this review would offer a timely summary of various CP‐based materials and hence give an insight into further exploration of CP‐based molecules in the future.
Zur Berechnung von Trägern mit nachgiebigem Verbund
Authors: Konrad Albert 
Published: June 2024

AbstractZur Behandlung von Trägern, die aus beliebig vielen Einzelteilen mit abschnittsweise konstanten Querschnitten und nachgiebigen Verbindungsmitteln bestehen, werden die erforderlichen linearen Differenzialgleichungen erster und zweiter Ordnung hergeleitet und fundamental gelöst. Dies ermöglicht die Ermittlung sämtlicher Zustandsgrößen der Träger für beliebige Lagerungen und Belastungen.