Abstract LB-310: Effects of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression on anti-tumor efficacy of vandetanib or cediranib combined with radiotherapy (RT) in U87 human glioblastoma (GBM) xenografts
Authors: Wachsberger Phyllis Rachelle , Lawrence Yaacov , Liu Yi , Xu Xia , Dicker Adam P. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Introduction: Vandetanib is a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (RTKI) with activity against vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Cediranib is a highly potent VEGF RTKI that inhibits all three VEGF receptors. In this study we investigated the effect of exogenous overexpression of EGFR on sensitivity of human GBM U87 xenografts to vandetanib or cediranib, alone or in combination with RT.
Methods: Animal and tumor model: Human U87 GBM cells, stably transfected with EGFR (U87 EGFR) or empty vector (U87 vector), were injected subcutaneously into the right hind limbs of athymic NCR NUM mice. Drug Administration: Vandetanib was dosed at 50 mg/kg daily for two weeks starting on Day 0. Cediranib was dosed at 3 mg/kg daily for two weeks starting on Day 0. RT was administered as three daily fractions of 5 Gy on Days 0, 1 and 2. On the days that RT and vandetanib/cediranib were both given, drugs preceded RT by 1/2 hour. Statistical Analysis: Mixed-effects linear regression was used to model tumor volume as a function of time and treatment Analysis of VEGF levels in U87 EGFR or U87 vector cells in culture: Cells were irradiated at doses between 0-10 Gy and incubated in the presence or absence of vandetanib (0-10 microM) or cediranib (0-10 nanoM) for 48 hrs. VEGF was assayed from culture supernatants using a commercially available human VEGF immunoassay kit (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN).
Results: Exogenous over-expression of EGFR altered tumor doubling time (T2x (days)) in U87 xenografts (2.70 for U87 EGFR vs. 4.41 for U87 vector). In U87 EGFR xenografts, single agent RT, vandetanib or cediranib significantly increased tumor doubling time (T2x (days)) when compared to control (4.79 for RT; 6.32 for vandetanib and 5.00 for cediranib vs. 2.70 for control). In U87 vector xenografts, RT but not drugs significantly increased T2x (6.56 for RT vs. 4.41 for control In U87 EGFR xenografts, the combination of RT with vandetanib but not RT with cediranib was significantly better than RT alone (T2x = 10.37 for RT + vandetanib vs. 4.79 for RT alone (p&lt;0.001) implying radiosensitization. Neither drug radiosensitized U87-vector xenografts. In cell culture, radiation induced VEGF secretion from both U87-EGFR and U87-vector cells in a dose-dependent manner. Vandetanib (10 microM), but not cediranib suppressed radiation-induced VEGF release in U87-EGFR cells and to a lesser extent, in U87-vector cells.
Conclusions: These data demonstrate that exogenous EGFR expression in U87 human GBM xenografts appears to induce greater sensitivity to the combination of RT + vandetanib compared with RT + cediranib. This observation suggests that EGFR signaling may have a direct influence on U87 tumor radiosensitivity in vivo, or an indirect effect on the tumor vasculature or microenvironment, perhaps through up regulation of tumor derived growth factors such as VEGF.
This work was supported by a grant from AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals and a Radiation Therapy Oncology Group TRP seed grant.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-310.