bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of a portable respiratory training system with a gyroscope sensor
Authors: Nitta Yuya , Ueda Yoshihiro , Ohira Shingo , Isono Masaru , Hirose Asako , Inui Shoki , Murata Seiya , Minami Hikari , Sagawa Tomohiro , Nagayasu Yukari , Miyazaki Masayoshi , Konishi Koji 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objectives
A portable respiratory training system with a gyroscope sensor (gyroscope respiratory training system [GRTS]) was developed and the feasibility of respiratory training was evaluated.

Methods
Simulated respiratory waveforms from a respiratory motion phantom and actual respirator waveforms from volunteers were acquired using the GRTS and Respiratory Gating for Scanners system (RGSC). Respiratory training was evaluated by comparing the stability and reproducibility of respiratory waveforms from patients undergoing expiratory breath-hold radiation therapy, with and without the GRTS. The stability and reproducibility of respiratory waveforms were assessed by root mean square error and gold marker placement-based success rate of expiratory breath-hold, respectively.

Results
The absolute mean difference for sinusoidal waveforms between the GRTS and RGSC was 2.0%. Among volunteers, the mean percentages of errors within ±15% of the respiratory waveforms acquired by the GRTS and RGSC were 96.1% for free breathing and 88.2% for expiratory breath-hold. The mean root mean square error and success rate of expiratory breath-hold (standard deviation) with and without the GRTS were 0.65 (0.24) and 0.88 (0.89) cm and 91.0% (6.9) and 89.1% (11.6), respectively.

Conclusions
Respiratory waveforms acquired by the GRTS exhibit good agreement with waveforms acquired by the RGSC. Respiratory training with the GRTS reduces inter-patient variability in respiratory waveforms, thereby improving the success of expiratory breath-hold radiation therapy.

Advances in knowledge
A respiratory training system with a gyroscope sensor is inexpensive and portable, making it ideal for respiratory training. This is the first report concerning clinical implementation of a respiratory training system.
Association of air pollution with incidence of late-onset seborrhoeic dermatitis: a prospective cohort study in UK Biobank
Authors: Chen Peng , Zhang Yiya , Zhang Tongtong , Li Ji , Shen Minxue , Mao Rui , Zhang Chengcheng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Late-onset seborrhoeic dermatitis seriously affects patients’ quality of life. Studies have shown an association between air pollution and other inflammatory skin diseases. However, associations between air pollution exposures and the incidence of late-onset seborrhoeic dermatitis have not been elucidated.

Objectives
To investigate air pollution’s role in the incidence of late-onset seborrhoeic dermatitis.

Methods
We engaged a prospective cohort analysis utilizing the UK Biobank database. Exposure data spanning various years for specific air pollutants, namely particulate matter [PM; with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤ 2.5 µm (PM2.5), between 2.5 and 10 μm (PM2.5–10), ≤ 10 μm (PM10)] along with nitrogen oxides (NO plus NO2, denoted NOx) and NO2, were incorporated. Through a composite air pollution score constructed from five pollutants and employing Cox proportional hazards models, the relationship between air pollution and seborrhoeic dermatitis was delineated.

Results
Our examination of 193 995 participants identified 3363 cases of seborrhoeic dermatitis. Higher concentrations of specific pollutants, particularly in the upper quartile (Q4), were significantly linked to an elevated risk of seborrhoeic dermatitis. Notably, PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and NOx exhibited hazard ratios of 1.11, 1.15, 1.22 and 1.15, respectively. The correlation was further solidified with a positive association between air pollution score increments and onset of seborrhoeic dermatitis. Intriguingly, this association was accentuated in certain demographics, including younger men, socioeconomically deprived people, smokers, daily alcohol consumers, and those engaging in regular physical activity.

Conclusions
Our findings revealed that air pollution exposures were associated with incidence of late-onset seborrhoeic dermatitis. These results emphasize the importance of preventing environmental air pollution exposures to mitigate the risk of developing the condition.
Efficacy and safety of bimekizumab in real-world psoriasis management: data from patients who are biologic-naive vs. biologic-experienced
Authors: Megna Matteo , Ruggiero Angelo , Torta Ginevra , Martora Fabrizio , Bianco Mariateresa , Potestio Luca 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Bimekizumab is the latest monoclonal antibody approved for the management of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. Currently, data investigating its use in real-world settings are limited.

Objectives
To assess the efficacy and safety of bimekizumab, also comparing patients who are biologic-naive vs. biologic-experienced.

Methods
A short-term (16 weeks) real-world monocentric prospective study was undertaken.

Results
Globally, 56 patients were included. At baseline, mean Psoriasis Activity Severity Index (PASI) and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) were 16.9 (SD 7.8) and 22.6 (SD 5.9), respectively. A ≥ 75%/≥ 90%/100% reduction in PASI (PASI 75/90/100) were reached by 77% (43/56)/50% (28/56)/43% (43/56) of patients at week 4 and by 88% (49/56)/82% (46/56)/70% (39/56) of patients at week 16. In our cohort of 56 people, 29 (52%) patients were biologic-naive whereas 27 (48%) were biologic-experienced. At baseline, both PASI and DLQI were significantly higher in the biologic-naive group compared with the biologic-experienced group [PASI 19.4 (SD 7.7) vs. 14.2 (SD 7.0), P &lt; 0.05; DLQI: 25.3 (SD 4.5) vs. 19.7 (SD 6.0), P &lt; 0.001]. Although not significant, a higher percentage of patients in the biologic-naive group compared with the biologic-experienced group reached PASI 75 (79% vs. 63%, P = 0.18), PASI 90 (62% vs. 44%, P = 0.19) and PASI 100 (48% vs. 37%, P = 0.40) at week 4. However, the percentage of PASI 75/90/100 response were similar between the two groups at week 16. Regarding safety, three candidiasis (5%) and one (2%) eczematous reaction were reported, without differences between the two groups. Finally, two (4%) bimekizumab discontinuation because of treatment failure and three (5%) for AEs were collected.

Conclusions
Our study confirmed the efficacy and safety of bimekizumab, suggesting that the previous failure of biologics does not seem to affect its therapeutic effectiveness.
Worldwide Increasing Use of Nonfasting Rather Than Fasting Lipid Profiles
Authors: Langsted Anne , Nordestgaard Børge G 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Historically, lipids and lipoproteins were measured in the fasting state for cardiovascular risk prediction; however, since 2009 use of nonfasting lipid profiles has increased substantially worldwide. For patients, nonfasting lipid profiles are convenient and avoid any risk of hypoglycemia. For laboratories, blood sampling in the morning and extra visits for patients who have not fasted are avoided. For patients, clinicians, hospitals, and society, nonfasting sampling allows same-day visits with first blood sampling followed by a short wait for test results before clinical consultation. Therefore, nonfasting compared to fasting lipid profiles will save money and time and may improve patient compliance with cardiovascular prevention programs.

Content
We report on the progression of endorsement and implementation of nonfasting lipid profiles for cardiovascular risk prediction worldwide and summarize the recommendations from major medical societies and health authorities in different countries. We also describe practical advantages and disadvantages for using nonfasting lipid profiles. Further, we include a description of why fasting has been the standard historically, the barriers against implementation of nonfasting lipid profiles, and finally we suggest the optimal content of a nonfasting lipid profile.

Summary
Lipid, lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein concentrations vary minimally in response to normal food intake and nonfasting lipid profiles are equal or superior to fasting profiles for cardiovascular risk prediction. Major guidelines and consensus statements in Europe, the United States, Canada, Brazil, Japan, India, and Australia now endorse use of nonfasting lipid profiles in some or all patients; however, there are still gaps in endorsement and implementation of nonfasting lipid profiles worldwide.
Male juvenile golden snub-nosed monkeys acting as the mountee to receive grooming in their same-sex mounts
Authors: Huang Pengzhen , Teichroeb Julie A , Zhang Endi , Chen Min 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Same-sex mounts provide male juvenile golden snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana) with opportunities to practice heterosexual copulatory skills and are often followed by grooming (post-mounting grooming, PMG). We hypothesized that juveniles acted as the mountee and provided mounting opportunities to receive grooming from their peer mounter. Here, we observed same-sex mounts among male juveniles (N = 5) in a captive group of R. roxellana in Shanghai Wild Animal Park, China, from November 2014 to June 2015. Among 1,044 mounts recorded, 45.40% were accompanied by PMG initiated by the mounter and only 3.74% were followed by PMG initiated by the mountee. Mountees were more likely to receive PMG when they performed a mounting solicitation than when they did not, or when they were mounted for a longer time (even if they did not solicit). Over a long timeframe (1 month), mountee’s tended to choose partners who groomed them more often than others after mounting, regardless of how long the grooming lasted. However, whether the mounter groomed the mountee did not predict the mounting direction in their subsequent mount. Our results suggest that, in the context of same-sex mounts, juveniles provide mounting opportunities to receive grooming from peers on a long-term, rather than on a short-term basis. This study provides the first evidence that juveniles’ same-sex mounting strategy may be associated with the grooming market in nonhuman primates, which necessitates further investigation with large free-ranging groups due to the limited sample size of individuals and the captive setting of the current study.
Three-dimensional Pouchography: A Proof-of-concept Study of a Breakthrough Technique for Visualising Ileoanal Pouch Anatomy and Morphology in Normal and Mechanical Pouch Complication Patients
Authors: Holubar Stefan D , Nachand Douglas , Lavryk Olga , Belkovsky Mikhael , Brienza Rita , Mohammed Nour , Ream Justin , Hull Tracy , Steele Scott R , Regueiro Miguel , Cohen Benjamin L , Qazi Taha , Rieder Florian 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Herein, we present a proof-of-concept study of three-dimensional [3D] pouchography using virtual and printed 3D models of ileal pouch-anal anastomosis [IPAA] in patients with normal pouches and in cases of mechanical pouch complications.

Methods
We performed a retrospective, descriptive case series of a convenience sample of 10 pouch patients with or without pouch dysfunction, who had CT scans appropriate for segmentation who were identified from our pouch registry. The steps involved in clinician-driven automated 3D reconstruction are presented.

Results
We included three normal patients who underwent CT imaging and were found to have no primary pouch pathology, and seven patients with known pouch pathology identifiable with 3D reconstruction [including pouch strictures, megapouch, pouch volvulus, and twisted pouches], underwent 3D virtual modelling; one normal and one twisted pouch were 3D-printed. We discovered that 3D pouchography reliably identified staple lines [pouch body, anorectal circular and transverse, and tip of J], the relationship between staple lines, and variations in pouch morphology and pouch pathology.

Conclusion
Three-dimensional reconstruction of IPAA morphology is highly feasible using readily available technology. In our practice, we have found 3D pouchography to be an extremely useful adjunct to diagnose various mechanical pouch complications and improve planning for pouch salvage strategies. Given its ease of use and helpfulness in understanding the pouch structure and function, we have started to routinely integrate 3D pouchography into our clinical pouch referral practice. Further study is needed to formally assess the value of this technique to aid in the diagnosis of pouch pathology.
Successful management of ischaemic symptoms in a patient with asymmetric septal hypertrophy: a grand round case report
Authors: Osmonov Damirbek , Toktosunov Azimbek , Toktogulova Aida , Kasymova Dilrabo , Mustafa Unal 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic heart disease that can lead to heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and ischaemic symptoms. Managing patients with HCM and ischaemic symptoms is challenging, and several treatment options have been proposed.

Case summary
A 30-year-old male patient presented with severe chest pain that had been ongoing for more than 30 min at rest. He was diagnosed with HCM and had periodic chest pain since the age of 14. He underwent two separate ethyl alcohol ablations of the first septal branches of the left anterior descending and posterior descending arteries, which relieved his symptoms.

Discussion
This case report highlights the challenges in managing patients with HCM and ischaemic symptoms. In this patient, the use of ethyl alcohol ablation was effective in reducing left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and improving symptoms. Ethyl alcohol ablation is a minimally invasive procedure that has been shown to be effective in symptomatic patients with HCM. Overall, this case report emphasizes the importance of individualized treatment for patients with HCM and the potential benefits of alcohol ablation in this population.
Use of wearable devices to monitor post-operative activity following cardiac surgery: a systematic scoping review
Authors: Edney Jessica , McDonall Jo , Khaw Damien , Hutchinson Anastasia F 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Aims
There is an emerging trend of using wearable digital technology to monitor patient activity levels in acute care contexts. However, the overall extent and quality of evidence for their use in acute cardiac surgery care are unclear. The purpose of this systematic scoping review was to evaluate current literature regarding the use of wearable activity trackers/accelerometers to monitor patient activity levels in the first 30 days following cardiac surgery.

Method and results
A systematic scoping review was conducted. A search of CINAHL and MEDLINE Complete databases identified all peer reviewed research evidence published in English between 2010 and 2023. Studies evaluating the use of wearable technology in adults who had undergone coronary artery bypass graft surgery and valve replacement were included. Study data were summarized thematically. A total of 853 citations were identified. Once duplicates were removed, 816 studies were screened by title and abstract, 54 full-text studies were assessed for eligibility, and 11 studies were included. Accelerometers were able to capture changing exercise and physical activity levels over an acute care admission. Device use was acceptable to clinicians and patients. Low activity levels in the early post-operative period were associated with longer length of stay and higher 30-day readmissions.

Conclusion
Wearable devices are acceptable and feasible to use in acute care. The use of wearable activity trackers by acute cardiac patients may increase patient participation in exercise and identify more sedentary patients who are a greater risk of increased length of stay and hospital readmission.
Venous vascular closure system vs. figure-of-eight suture following atrial fibrillation ablation: the STYLE-AF Study
Authors: Tilz Roland Richard , Feher Marcel , Vogler Julia , Bode Kerstin , Duta Alexandru Ionut , Ortolan Angela , Lopez Lisbeth Delgado , Küchler Mirco , Mamaev Roman , Lyan Evgeny , Sommer Philipp , Braun Martin , Sciacca Vanessa , Demming Thomas , Maslova Vera , Kuck Karl-Heinz , Heeger Christian-Hendrik , Eitel Charlotte , Popescu Sorin Stefan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Aims
Simplified ablation technologies for pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) are increasingly performed worldwide. One of the most common complications following PVI are vascular access-related complications. Lately, venous closure systems (VCSs) were introduced into clinical practice, aiming to reduce the time of bed rest, to increase the patients’ comfort, and to reduce vascular access-related complications. The aim of the present study is to compare the safety and efficacy of using a VCS to achieve haemostasis following single-shot PVI to the actual standard of care [figure-of-eight suture and manual compression (MC)].

Methods and results
This is a prospective, multicentre, randomized, controlled, open-label trial performed at three German centres. Patients were randomized 1:1 to undergo haemostasis either by means of VCS (VCS group) or of a figure-of-eight suture and MC (F8 group). The primary efficacy endpoint was the time to ambulation, while the primary safety endpoint was the incidence of major periprocedural adverse events until hospital discharge. A total of 125 patients were randomized. The baseline characteristics were similar between the groups. The VCS group showed a shorter time to ambulation [109.0 (82.0, 160.0) vs. 269.0 (243.8, 340.5) min; P &lt; 0.001], shorter time to haemostasis [1 (1, 2) vs. 5 (2, 10) min; P &lt; 0.001], and shorter time to discharge eligibility [270 (270, 270) vs. 340 (300, 458) min; P &lt; 0.001]. No major vascular access-related complication was reported in either group. A trend towards a lower incidence of minor vascular access-related complications on the day of procedure was observed in the VCS group [7 (11.1%) vs. 15 (24.2%); P = 0.063] as compared to the control group.

Conclusion
Following AF ablation, the use of a VCS results in a significantly shorter time to ambulation, time to haemostasis, and time to discharge eligibility. No major vascular access-related complications were identified. The use of MC and a figure-of-eight suture showed a trend towards a higher incidence of minor vascular access-related complications.
The gut microbiome of farmed Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) is shaped by feeding stage and nutrient presence
Authors: Knobloch Stephen , Skirnisdóttir Sigurlaug , Dubois Marianne , Mayolle Lucie , Kolypczuk Laetitia , Leroi Françoise , Leeper Alexandra , Passerini Delphine , Marteinsson Viggó Þ 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The gut microbiome plays an important role in maintaining health and productivity of farmed fish. However, the functional role of most gut microorganisms remains unknown. Identifying the stable members of the gut microbiota and understanding their functional roles could aid in the selection of positive traits or act as a proxy for fish health in aquaculture. Here, we analyse the gut microbial community of farmed juvenile Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) and reconstruct the metabolic potential of its main symbionts. The gut microbiota of Arctic char undergoes a succession in community composition during the first weeks post-hatch, with a decrease in Shannon diversity and the establishment of three dominant bacterial taxa. The genome of the most abundant bacterium, a Mycoplasma sp., shows adaptation to rapid growth in the nutrient-rich gut environment. The second most abundant taxon, a Brevinema sp., has versatile metabolic potential, including genes involved in host mucin degradation and utilization. However, during periods of absent gut content, a Ruminococcaceae bacterium becomes dominant, possibly outgrowing all other bacteria through the production of secondary metabolites involved in quorum sensing and cross-inhibition while benefiting the host through short-chain fatty acid production. Whereas Mycoplasma is often present as a symbiont in farmed salmonids, we show that the Ruminococcaceae species is also detected in wild Arctic char, suggesting a close evolutionary relationship between the host and this symbiotic bacterium.
Dietary Vitamin C Intake and Changes in Frequency, Severity, and Location of Pain in Older Adults
Authors: Delgado-Velandia Mario , Ortolá Rosario , García-Esquinas Esther , Carballo-Casla Adrián , Sotos-Prieto Mercedes , Rodríguez-Artalejo Fernando 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Oral vitamin C supplementation has been associated with lower risk of chronic postsurgical pain. However, the effect of dietary vitamin C on pain in a nonsurgical setting is unknown. We aimed to investigate the association between dietary vitamin C intake and changes over time in chronic pain and its characteristics in community-dwelling adults aged 60 + years.

Methods
We pooled data from participants of the Seniors-ENRICA-1 (n = 864) and Seniors-ENRICA-2 (n = 862) cohorts who reported pain at baseline or at follow up. Habitual diet was assessed with a face-to-face diet history and dietary vitamin C intake was estimated using standard food composition tables. Pain changes over time were the difference between scores at baseline and follow up obtained from a pain scale that considered the frequency, severity, and number of pain locations. Multivariable-adjusted relative risk ratios were obtained using multinomial logistic regression.

Results
After a median follow-up of 2.6 years, pain worsened for 696 (40.3%) participants, improved for 734 (42.5%), and did not change for 296 (17.2%). Compared with the lowest tertile of energy-adjusted vitamin C intake, those in the highest tertile had a higher likelihood of overall pain improvement (RRR 1.61 [95% confidence interval 1.07–2.41], p-trend .02). Higher vitamin C intake was also associated with lower pain frequency (1.57 [1.00–2.47], p-trend = .05) and number of pain locations (1.75 [1.13–2.70], p-trend = .01).

Conclusions
Higher dietary vitamin C intake was associated with improvement of pain and with lower pain frequency and number of pain locations in older adults. Nutritional interventions to increase dietary vitamin C intake with the aim of improving pain management require clinical testing.
Network dynamics of civil society: a longitudinal study in Malaysia amidst changing political opportunity structures
Authors: Sommerfeldt Erich J , Pilny Andrew , Saffer Adam J 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This article explores the role of macro-level factors, specifically political opportunity structures (POS), in shaping interorganizational network tie formation and persistence. Grounded in the POS literature and the multitheoretical multilevel (MTML) framework—specifically using the theories of resource dependency and collective action—we examine how changes in POS are associated with network structures in Malaysian civil society. Data were collected in two phases, reflecting different political contexts. Although the network never evolved into a decentralized or centralized structure, the most central organizations remained consistent and seemed to have been active in bringing others closer to reconfigure toward a more cohesive structure as the POS became more closed. This research contributes to communication network theory by demonstrating how incorporating exogenous environmental factors like POS can advance theory. It offers new insights into operationalizing POS within network analysis and challenges conventional interpretations of centralization in interorganizational relationships.