bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting Adherence to Topical Medications in Chronic Rhinologic Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Monos Stylianos , Yan Flora , McLean Caitlin C. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo determine risk factors of medical adherence and describe strategies to increase adherence in patients with chronic rhinologic disease.Data SourcesPubMED, SCOPUS, CINAHL, and Cochrane.Review MethodsSystematic review of 4 databases (PubMED, SCOPUS, CINAHL, Cochrane) from inception of databases to September 1, 2022 to identify studies that evaluated factors related to and affected by medical adherence in patients with chronic rhinologic disease.ResultsOf 1491 studies screened, 25 studies met inclusion criteria. Of these, 7 studies described how sensory attributes of intranasal sprays affect adherence, including odor, taste, aftertaste, and side effects. Five studies described record keeping diaries/notification systems to improve adherence, with demonstration of web‐based platforms to send reminders as well as keep record of medication usage to improve adherence. Eight studies described patient‐specific risk factors to nonadherence, with demonstration of increased age and conscientious personalities correlating with medical adherence. Five studies looked at pediatric patients specifically, with adherence rates in children parallelling that of adults. Additionally, nonadherence in children may have greater implications for school performance.ConclusionOverall, adherence to topical medical therapy in patients with chronic rhinologic disease is affected by patient‐related and medication‐specific factors which should be considered when counseling patients. Web‐based diary or notification systems may help increase adherence. Additionally, children are equally adherent to topical medical therapy as adults and nonadherence may have negative implications for school performance.
Automatic Recognition of Auditory Brainstem Response Waveforms Using a Deep Learning‐Based Framework
Authors: Liang Sichao , Xu Jia , Liu Haixu , Liang Renhe , Guo Zhenping , Lu Manlin , Liu Sisi , Gao Juanjuan , Ye Zuochang , Yi Haijin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveRecognition of auditory brainstem response (ABR) waveforms may be challenging, particularly for older individuals or those with hearing loss. This study aimed to investigate deep learning frameworks to improve the automatic recognition of ABR waveforms in participants with varying ages and hearing levels.Study DesignThe research used a descriptive study design to collect and analyze pure tone audiometry and ABR data from 100 participants.SettingThe research was conducted at a tertiary academic medical center, specifically at the Clinical Audiology Center of Tsinghua Chang Gung Hospital (Beijing, China).MethodsData from 100 participants were collected and categorized into four groups based on age and hearing level. Features from both time‐domain and frequency‐domain ABR signals were extracted and combined with demographic factors, such as age, sex, pure‐tone thresholds, stimulus intensity, and original signal sequences to generate feature vectors. An enhanced Wide&Deep model was utilized, incorporating the Light‐multi‐layer perceptron (MLP) model to train the recognition of ABR waveforms. The recognition accuracy (ACC) of each model was calculated for the overall data set and each group.ResultsThe ACC rates of the Light‐MLP model were 97.8%, 97.2%, 93.8%, and 92.0% for Groups 1 to 4, respectively, with a weighted average ACC rate of 95.4%. For the Wide&Deep model, the ACC rates were 93.4%, 90.8%, 92.0%, and 88.3% for Groups 1 to 4, respectively, with a weighted average ACC rate of 91.0%.ConclusionBoth the Light‐MLP model and the Wide&Deep model demonstrated excellent ACC in automatic recognition of ABR waveforms across participants with diverse ages and hearing levels. While the Wide&Deep model's performance was slightly poorer than that of the Light‐MLP model, particularly due to the limited sample size, it is anticipated that with an expanded data set, the performance of Wide&Deep model may be further improved.
Tracheostomy Incidence and Complications: A National Database Analysis
Authors: Strober William , Kallogjeri Dorina , Piccirillo Jay F. , Rohlfing Matthew L. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the incidence of tracheostomy‐related complications and identify prognostic risk factors.Study DesignAdministrative database analysis.SettingOutpatient and inpatient insurance claims records obtained from a national database.MethodsPearlDiver, a private analytics database of insurance claims from Medicare, Medicaid, and commercial insurance companies, was used to identify patients who underwent tracheostomies and associated complications between January 2010 and October 2021 by CPT and ICD‐9/ICD‐10 codes.ResultsA total of 198,143 tracheostomies were identified from PearlDiver, and at least 1 tracheostomy‐related complication occurred within 90 days of the procedure in 22,802 (10.3%) of these cases. The proportion of tracheostomy‐related complications was 2.3 times higher in 2019 compared to 2010 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.18‐2.52). The risk of developing tracheostomy‐complications was associated with the hospital region (highest in the Midwest as compared to the West [odds ratio [OR] = 1.32; 95% CI: 1.25‐1.39]), provider specialty (highest for otolaryngologists as compared to nonsurgical physicians [OR = 2.22; 95% CI: 2.10‐2.34]), insurance plan type (lowest for cash payment compared to Medicaid [OR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.50‐0.94]), and Elixhauser Comorbidity Index (ECI) (highest in patients with ECI of 7+ compared to 0‐1 [OR = 2.96; 95% CI: 2.17‐3.24]), but was not significantly associated with patient age (OR = 0.99; 95% CI: 0.99‐0.99), or gender (OR = 1.04; 95% CI: 1.01‐1.07).ConclusionsComplications after tracheostomy are common and sicker patients are at higher risk for complications. Identifying factors associated with increased risk for complications could help to improve patient and family counseling, guide quality improvement initiatives, and inform future studies on tracheostomy outcomes.
Simultaneously improving interfacial adhesion and toughness of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites by grafting polyethyleneimine on the carbon fiber surface to construct a rigid‐flexible interface
Authors: Zhang Guosheng , Xu Haibing , Zhu Yingdan , Yan Chun , Liu Dong , Chen Gang , Xiao Zhiqiao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractChemical grafting is commonly employed to functionalize carbon fiber (CF) surface to enhance the interfacial properties of CF reinforced polymer composites (CFRP) by forming a robust interface. However, an overly rigid interface layer can result in relatively poor interface toughness. To balance interfacial strength and toughness, this paper proposes an effective method to simultaneously strengthen and toughen the interface of CF/epoxy composites by grafting branched polyethyleneimine (PEI) on CF surface using hexachlorophosphazene (HCCP) as active intermediate, which features a rigid ring structure and six active P‐Cl groups. The introduction of PEI provided a large number of amine and imine groups on CF surfaces, which were contributive to improving surface wettability and reactivity of CF, thus resulting in strong chemical bonding between CF and epoxy matrix. Additionally, the long and flexible molecular skeleton of PEI constructed a rigid‐flexible composite interface, which could effectively reduce stress concentration and absorb impact energy. After surface modification with PEI, the interfacial shear strength and fracture toughness of CF/epoxy composite were increased to 89.9 MPa and 200.3 J m−2, by 64.3% and 149.7%, respectively, in compared with desized CF reinforced epoxy composites.Highlights
A rigid‐flexible interface was constructed between CF and epoxy resin.
The interfacial strength and toughness of CFRP were synergistically improved.
IFSS and interfacial toughness increased by 64.3% and 149.7%, respectively.
Implementation of a new approach based on the functionally graded materials concept to improve the strength of laminated composites containing open‐hole
Authors: Mobtasem Mariam , Abd‐Elhady Amr A. , Sallam Hossam El‐Din M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe main objective of the present study is to implement a functionally graded materials (FGM) technique to reduce the hole effect in fiber reinforcement polymers. The tensile and fracture behaviors of conventional and FGM composites containing open holes have been investigated. Open‐hole specimens having different hole sizes have been fabricated using a hand lay‐up technique with different cross‐ply stacking sequences and various numbers of layers to study the open‐hole effect on their tensile strength. On the other hand, a three‐dimensional finite element analysis with the Hashin model was implemented to observe the failure modes along each layer. Experimental and numerical data revealed that the FGM technique enhanced the performance of specimens in the presence of a hole by increasing the fibers around the hole area. Furthermore, the [0/90/0°] sequence has more tensile strength than [0/90]s and [0°/90°/0°/90°/0°] sequences. It can be concluded that the bearing capacity of cross‐ply laminates is proportionally dependent on the ratio of the number of 0° layers to the number of 90° layers and inversely dependent on the specimen thickness.Highlights
Dense fibers around the open hole improve its strength in laminated composite.
The FGM concept has been successfully employed to improve open‐hole strength.
The stacking sequence [0°/90°/0°] has better tensile strength than [0°/90°]s.
FEA has successfully simulated the FGM concept around the open hole.
The open‐hole failure occurred in the same direction as fiber orientation.
Patient‐reported outcome measures in pediatrics: An overview of reviews
Authors: Lei Ruobing , Xiong Jin , Wang Haiyun , Li Yuehuan , Estill Janne , Li Qiu , Chen Yaolong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPatient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) are standardized and validated self‐administered questionnaires for assessing patients' overall well‐being, disease burden, and health‐related quality of life. For children, their cognitive development, reading ability and language skills need to be considered when selecting the optimal PROM. High‐quality systematic reviews (SRs) can provide a comprehensive overview of the available PROMs and provide evidence‐based recommendations for pediatricians. Therefore, this study aims to provide an overview of pediatric SRs of PROMs. PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library were searched to identify SRs of PROMs published in English focusing on the health of children and adolescents. Four researchers performed literature screening and data extraction, and evaluated the methodological quality of SRs using the A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews tool. Forty‐four SRs of PROMs published between 2006 and 2022 were included, recommending 123 PROMs, of which the most recommended were the pediatric quality of life inventory and its subscales and the EuroQol five dimension questionnaire. Thirty‐six conditions were addressed; the most frequent ICD‐11 category was “Mental, behavioral or neurodevelopmental disorders” (n = 9, 20.5%). The PROMs covered nine categories of contents to measure, the most frequent being the quality of life (n = 37, 30.1%). Content validity (n = 67, 54.5%) and internal consistency (n = 65, 52.9%) were the most commonly reported and measurement error (n = 10, 8.1%) was the least. The methodological and reporting of psychometric properties for SRs need further improvement. In addition, reporting of details such as the age when children should self‐report the measures needs also improvement.
Social skills interventions in preschool settings: A meta‐analysis of SCR studies
Authors: Dong Xin , Burke Mack D. , Sanchez Lisa , Bowman‐Perrott Lisa 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDeveloping social competence for preschoolers is an important area for early intervention, especially for young children with emotional and behavioral issues. This single case meta‐analysis focused on examining the literature base for social skills interventions for preschoolers. A systematic search of the literature yielded 33 single‐case studies on social skills interventions for preschoolers. Results from the aggregated single case studies using a baseline corrected Tau‐U indicated a moderate to large effect (Baseline Corrected Tau = 0.66). Moderator analysis results showed gender and intervention format were statistically significant moderators for the intervention effect. Limitations and directions for future research were discussed within the context of social‐behavioral research and early intervention in preschool settings.
Shoulder pathology on advanced imaging in asymptomatic non‐athlete individuals: A narrative review
Authors: Hsu Connie , Afifi Toqa , Isaac Zacharia 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe prevalence of asymptomatic shoulder pathology has been shown to be high on both ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The most common shoulder pathologies identified in asymptomatic, non‐athlete individuals include rotator cuff pathology, acromioclavicular (AC) joint pathology, labral tears, subacromial bursitis, and calcific tendinitis. The data in the current literature suggest that asymptomatic rotator cuff tears are diagnosed on ultrasound and MRI at high rates, suggesting that rotator cuff tears may be considered an age‐related, normal, degenerative change. However, there are data to suggest that the presence of an asymptomatic rotator cuff tear on imaging may predispose a patient to shoulder pain in the future, although the data remain inconclusive. AC joint arthritic changes are also common in older individuals on advanced imaging. Recent studies have reported that labral tears are common in asymptomatic shoulders, although at less frequent rates than in athletes, but more research is required on this topic. In addition, the presence of subacromial bursitis on imaging has not been found to accurately differentiate between symptomatic and asymptomatic shoulders. Finally, calcific tendinitis has been diagnosed asymptomatically, with most individuals remaining asymptomatic. Individuals who did develop pain developed severe pain, although the risk factors for developing symptomatic calcific tendinitis are unclear. In summary, given the high prevalence of shoulder pathology diagnosed on imaging, it is important to not over diagnose or complete an unnecessary workup for an asymptomatic person who is otherwise healthy.
Racialized spatial imaginaries: Authoring an elementary school teacher of engineering identity
Authors: Wright Christopher , Harbison Monet , Tucker‐Raymond Eli , Edouard Kareem , Meehan Sinead , Cameron Tajma , Schafer George 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEngineering education research has highlighted the importance of examining, understanding, and supporting teacher learning and identity development, particularly for those that hold marginalized identities. As part of the special issue on Teacher Learning and Organizational Contexts, this study examines the intricate relationship between powered boundaries of race, culture, and space for two Black women teachers in organizational contexts within their school district. Using a racialized spatial imaginaries framework, this research describes how two women authored identities as teachers of engineering and cultivated new engineering related spatial imaginaries for their students. The study found that ideational, material, and relational resources made available across organizational contexts contributed to teachers' authoring identities and how they supported their students. The work illuminates how a spatial imaginaries framework can support critical investigation of teacher identity development and (re)examination of how Black students are positioned in spaces of teacher inquiry.
Stepping back or stepping in: A qualitative investigation of self‐distanced versus self‐immersed stressor reflections with competitive swimmers
Authors: Murdoch Elizabeth M. , Ayers Joanne , Trihy Eoghan , Crane Monique F. , Ntoumanis Nikos , Brade Carly , Quested Eleanor , Gucciardi Daniel F. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHigh performance sport consists of stressor events which can disrupt an athletes' functioning and negatively influence performance. The way in which one reflects upon stressor events and develops insights regarding how they coped is essential to overcoming similar experiences in the future. We conducted a pilot randomised controlled trial with a qualitative analysis to explore the coping insights among 48 highly trained/national level swimmers in the lead up to major swimming competitions, who reflected on stressor events from self‐distanced or self‐immersed perspectives over a 3‐week period. Using the self‐reflection and coping insight framework as a guideline, we captured divers coping insights across both groups. Irrespective of the group to which they were assigned, athletes showed positive signs towards re‐interpreting their stressor experience and embracing the stressor event, whereas consideration of individual values and adoption of a future‐focus viewpoint were areas lacking. The emotionality described by athletes in their written reflections varied across both groups and influenced the development of coping insights. Our findings indicate a necessity to examine the emotionality associated with unique stressor events and consider integrating reflection strategies, while also enhancing the operational definitions within conceptual models of stress reflection protocols.
Potential‐Regulated Design for Direct Recycling of Degraded LiFePO4 Cathode
Authors: Qiu Xuejing , Wang Chenyan , Chen Yuxiang , Du Zhimin , Xie Lingling , Han Qing , Zhu Limin , Cao Xiaoyu , Ji Xiaobo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe rapid proliferation of power sources equipped with lithium‐ion batteries poses significant challenges in terms of post‐scrap recycling and environmental impacts, necessitating urgent attention to the development of sustainable solutions. The cathode direct regeneration technologies present an optimal solution for the disposal of degraded cathodes, aiming to non‐destructively re‐lithiate and straightforwardly reuse degraded cathode materials with reasonable profits and excellent efficiency. Herein, a potential‐regulated strategy is proposed for the direct recycling of degraded LiFePO4 cathodes, utilizing low‐cost Na2SO3 as a reductant with lower redox potential in the alkaline systems. The aqueous re‐lithiation approach, as a viable alternative, not only enables the re‐lithiation of degraded cathode while ignoring variation in Li loss among different feedstocks but also utilizes the rapid sintering process to restore the cathode microstructure with desirable stoichiometry and crystallinity. The regenerated LiFePO4 exhibits enhanced electrochemical performance with a capacity of 144 mA h g−1 at 1 C and a high retention of 98% after 500 cycles at 5 C. Furthermore, this present work offers considerable prospects for the industrial implementation of directly recycled materials from lithium‐ion batteries, resulting in improved economic benefits compared to conventional leaching methods.
Melamine Polymerization Promotes Compact Phosphorus/Carbon Composite for High‐Performance and Safe Lithium Storage
Authors: Huo Zhilin , Duan Zunbin , Feng Xiaoxiao , Wang Haoyu , Huang Hao , Fan Xin , He Rui , Yu Xue‐Feng , Wang Jiahong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPhosphorus is regarded as a promising material for high‐performance lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) due to its high theoretical capacity, appropriate lithiation potential, and low lithium‐ion diffusion barrier. Phosphorus/carbon composites (PC) are engineered to serve as high‐capacity high‐rate anodes; the interaction between phosphorus and carbon, long‐term capacity retention, and safety problems are important issues that must be well addressed simultaneously. Herein, an in situ polymerization approach to fabricate a poly‐melamine‐hybridized (pMA) phosphorus/carbon composite (pMA‐PC) is employed. The pMA hybridization enhances the density and electrical conductivity of the PC, improves the structural integrity, and facilitates stable electron transfer within the pMA‐PC composite. Moreover, the pMA‐PC composite exhibits efficient adsorption of lithium polysulfides, enabling stable transport of Li+ ions. Therefore, the pMA‐PC anode demonstrates a high specific charging capacity of 1,381 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1, and a great capacity retention of 86.7% at 1 A g−1 over 500 cycles. The synergistic effect of phosphorus and nitrogen further confers excellent flame retardant properties to the pMA‐PC anode, including self‐extinguishing in 2.5 s, and a much lower combustion temperature than PC. The enhanced capacity and safety performance of pMA‐PC show potential in future high‐capacity and high‐rate LIBs.
Designing a MOF‐functionalized Nanofibrous Aerogel via Vapor‐Phase Synthesis
Authors: Ebrahim Muhammed Ziauddin Ahmad , Rahmanian Vahid , Abdelmigeed Mai , Pirzada Tahira , Khan Saad A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDesigning 3D mechanically robust and high‐surface‐area substrates for uniform and high‐density deposition of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) provide a promising strategy to enhance surface accessibility and application of these highly functional materials. Nanofibrous aerogel (NFA) with its highly porous self‐supported structure composed of interconnected nanofibrous network offers an ideal platform in this regard. Herein, a facile one‐pot strategy is introduced, which utilizes direct deposition of MOF on the nanofibrous surface of the NFAs. NFAs are synthesized using electrospun polyacrylonitrile/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PAN/PVP) polymer nanofibers containing zinc acetate (Zn(Ac)2), which are subjected to freeze drying and thermal treatment. The latter converts Zn(Ac)2 to zinc oxide (ZnO), providing the sites for MOF growth while also adding mechanical integrity to the NFAs through cyclization of the PAN. Exposure of the NFA to the vapor‐phase of organic ligand, 2‐methylimidazole (2‐MeIm) enables in situ growth of zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) MOF on the NFA. ZIF‐8 loading on the NFAs is further improved by more than tenfold by synthesizing ZnO nanorods/protrusions on the nanofibers, which enables more sites for MOF growth. These findings underscore a significant advancement in designing MOF‐based hybrid aerogels, offering a streamlined approach for their use in diverse applications, from catalysis to sensing and water purification.