bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SSR data mined from expressed sequence tags of phytoparasitic nematodes
Authors: Huang Q. , Cheng X. , Xie B. , Xu R. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
SSR markers have become the most popular resource for studying population genetic variation in eukaryotes. However, few studies with SSR markers have been carried out with phytoparasitic nematodes. In this study a primary survey on EST-SSRs was made utilizing bioinformatics methods to derive SSRs from expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of 16 species of PPN, which belong to 7 genera and 5 families. The results showed that trinucleotide repeats were the most abundant SSRs in coding ESTs, while tetranucleotide SSRs were predominant in non-coding ESTs and genome sequences. AG/CT, AAC/GTT and (AAAN)n motifs were predominant, and CG/GC, ACT/AGT motifs were scanty in the ESTs of most genera and species. SSRs were more abundant in non-coding ESTs than in coding ESTs. The distribution frequencies of SSR motifs in coding ESTs, non-coding ESTs and genomes are different. Our results will provide useful information for screening SSRs from each genus and species for further genetic study of phytoparastic nematodes.
Paranaella luquei (Monogenea: Microcotylidae), an ectoparasite from the gills of Steindachnerina brevipinna, in the tributaries Corvo and Guairacá, Paranapanema River, Paraná, Brazil
Authors: Ceschini T. , Takemoto R. , Yamada F. , Moreira L. , Pavanelli G. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Paranaella luquei is a monogenean from family Microcotylidae, which was found parasitizing the gills of Steindachnerina brevipinna (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889), collected in two different tributaries of Paranapanema River, Paraná, Brazil. This parasite was the first species of Microcotylidae described parasitizing freshwater fishes (Hypostomus sp., Hypostomus regani (Ihering) and Rhinelepis aspera Spix & Agassiz (Loricariidae) in the country.
Abundance and diversity of soil nematodes as influenced by different types of organic manure
Authors: Hu C. , Qi Y. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Nematode abundance and diversity from different types of organic manure soil treatments were investigated in a longterm field experiment carried out in Qu-Zhou experimental station, China Agricultural University. The composts used in the experiment were a traditional compost (C) (60 % straw, 30 % livestock dung, 5 % cottonseed-pressed trash and 5 % brans), traditional compost and chicken dung compost (60 % straw, 30 % chiken dung, 5 % cottonseedpressed trash and 5 % brans) added with effective microorganisms, EMC and EMCDC respectively. Six treatments were arranged according to a randomized block design with three replicates per treatment. Treatments were incorporation into the soil of compost EMC, EMCDC, and C each at the rates of 7.5 and 15 t/ha. Plots were sown with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and summer maize (Zea mays L.) every year from 1997 to 2004. Overall, 28 nematode genera were found. Seven genera were bacterivores, 3 genera were fungivores, 13 genera were plantparasites and 5 genera were omnivores-predators. The Rhabditis, Cephalobus, Helicotylenchus were dominant genera in the present study. The bacterivores and plantparasitic nematodes were the dominant trophic groups except in C treatment. Nematode abundance per 100 g dried soil ranged from 372 to 553. Addition of effective microorganism increased the number and proportion of bacterivorous nematodes and decreased the number and proportion of plant-parasitic nematodes compared to traditional compost C. Total number of nematode was significantly influenced by compost amount, but didn’t significantly influence by EM agent. Total abundance of nematode was positively correlated with the content of soil organic matter, total N, available P and K. The long-term addition of EM agent hasn’t adverse effect on soil nematode community.
First record of Paratrophurus hungaricus Andrássy, 1973 (Tylenchida, Telotylenchidae) from Slovakia
Authors: Lišková M. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
In soil of floodplain forests along the Danube and Moravia Rivers a rare nematode species Paratrophurus hungaricus Andrássy, 1973 was recorded for the first time from the territory of Slovakia. Presented here are some notes on morphology and ecology of the species observed.
Lessons from an Audit of Psychoeducation at an Older Adolescent Inpatient Unit
Authors: Swadi Harith , Bobier Candace , Price Lisa , Craig Brian 
Published: February 2010

Objectives: The aim of this paper was to determine if patients undergoing treatment at an older adolescent inpatient unit receive psychoeducation according to the unit philosophy of providing timely and pertinent information regarding illness/diagnosis, medication, diet, outpatient follow-up, and alcohol/ drug use. Methods: Data were gathered prospectively as part of a quality assurance initiative at the Christchurch Youth Inpatient Unit. Patients were interviewed by a registered nurse using a structured audit tool. Results: Participants reported receiving adequate information on medication and illness, and most received information on outpatient follow-up and alcohol and drug use. However, the majority reported a lack of information/ advice about diet. Patients' reported awareness of relapse prevention and the relationship of alcohol and other drugs use to medication and treatment was lower than expected. Conclusions: The audit highlighted areas of discrepancy between information staff believed they had delivered and information youth perceived as received. Psychiatric staff working with young people need be aware of the timing, language and mode of delivery of psychoeducation to enable their patients to ‘take in’ the information provided.
Self-reported Side Effects in children and Adolescents Taking Risperidone
Authors: Byrne Simon , Walter Garry , Hunt Glenn , Soh Nerissa , Cleary Michelle , Duffy Paul , Crawford Geoff , Krabman Peter , Concannon Patrick , Malhi Gin 
Published: February 2010

Objective: We aimed to describe medication side effects in a cross-section of young people taking low-dose risperidone, using a self-report measure. Methods: The Liverpool University Neuroleptic Side Effect Rating Scale (LUNSERS) was completed by 66 patients aged between 6 and 18 years who had been taking low-dose risperidone (alone or in conjunction with other medications) for up to 13 years. Results: Young persons, overall, seemed to tolerate risperidone well, but longer exposure to the medication was associated with higher side effect levels, particularly for the psychic (pertaining to mind and emotion) and extrapyramidal subscales. The most common complaints related to psychic side effects, such as tiredness, difficulty concentrating, difficulty remembering things and increased dreaming. Conclusions: Clinicians need to monitor the side effects of young patients taking low doses of risperidone, and other psychotropics, and maintain vigilance in those who have been taking medication for extended periods.
Risk Management in Mental Health: Applying Lessons From Commercial Aviation
Authors: Hatcher Simon 
Published: February 2010

Objective: Risk management in mental health focuses on risks in patients and fails to predict rare but catastrophic events such as suicide. Commercial aviation has a similar task in preventing rare but catastrophic accidents. This article describes the systems in place in commercial aviation that allows that industry to prevent disasters and contrasts this with the situation in mental health. Conclusions: In mental health we should learn from commercial aviation by having: national policies to promote patient safety; a national body responsible for implementing this policy which maintains a database of safety occurrences, sets targets and investigates adverse outcomes; legislation in place which encourages clinicians to report safety occurrences; and a common method and language for investigating safety occurrences.
Syphilis, Sex and Psychiatry, 1789–1925: Part 1
Authors: Kaplan Robert M 
Published: February 2010

Objectives: Syphilis has changed the course of history, shaped the path of medicine and had more influence on psychiatry than any other illness. This paper, part one of a two-part series, investigates the historical, social and cultural aspects of the interaction of syphilis and psychiatry. Conclusion: Syphilis did not manifest as a psychiatric illness until the French Revolution. At the time, the Pinel School was focussing on the environment and moral therapy. Bayle, who made the first discovery of the cause of a psychiatric disease – chronic arachnoiditis – paid the price for his discovery by being driven from psychiatry. The 19th century led to the rise of a new medical polymath: the syphilologist – a specialist in every aspect of a disease that showed a remarkable capacity to affect every organ and tissue in the body and produce symptoms resembling other illnesses. The field was dominated by Frenchmen, Philippe Ricord and Alfred Fournier, and Englishman Jonathan Hutchinson. A middle-class illness, neurosyphilis struck at the heart of the class interests – property. This reeked havoc with the family business or finances, causing considerable distress to their relatives. General paresis of the insane became associated in the public eye with creative, intellectual or philosophical activity. It affected a long list of artists, writers and musicians, including Oscar Wilde, Robert Schumann, Baudelaire, Schubert and Ivan the Terrible. While the features of syphilis were delineated, confirmation remained elusive and neurosyphilis continued to hide its secrets. It remained the grand cause that defined psychiatry and it was not until the middle of the 20th century that it ceased to play a part in the daily life of doctors in psychiatric wards.
Syphilis, Sex and Psychiatry, 1789–1925: Part 2
Authors: Kaplan Robert M 
Published: February 2010

Objectives: Syphilis has changed the course of history, shaped the path of medicine and had more influence on psychiatry than any other illness. This paper, part two of a two-part series, investigates the historical, social and cultural aspects of the interaction of syphilis and psychiatry. Conclusion: By the end of the 19th century, social changes such as population growth, mass migration from Eastern Europe and technological developments led to a great rise in syphilis. By 1900, it was estimated that 5–20% of the population of Europe and the USA had, or would have, syphilis. By 1914, there were over 100 000 new cases and 3 million cases of syphilis in Great Britain. There was a constant interaction between syphilis, prostitution and sexual crime; it was the likely motivation for the Jack the Ripper murders, if not many in the next century. The idea of hereditary syphilis fitted perfectly into the theory of degeneration and coursed through psychiatry and caught the attention of Adolf Hitler, facilitating his antisemitic paranoia. Psychiatric progress passed to the German school, led by Kraepelin who did his first research into the symptoms and course of neurosyphilis. In 1906, Wasserman's serological test for syphilis showed that latent lesions could be present. Any doubt about the cause of syphilis was finally eliminated when Noguchi and Moore demonstrated the presence of treponema pallidum in paretic brains in 1913. 1 German academic psychiatry defined psychiatric practice for the next century but malariotherapy, the first physical treatment in psychiatry, was announced by Julius Wagner-Juarreg in Vienna in 1917, bringing hope to the incurable and destroying the climate of therapeutic nihilism that haunted psychiatry. The first trial of malariotherapy in Australia was done by Reginald Ellery at Mont Park Hospital In 1927 in Melbourne. The discovery of penicillin was a caesura, ending malariotherapy and leading many to regard syphilis as a nigh-extinct illness, but this turned out to be an illusion. Syphilis is returning in new forms in tandem with the AIDS epidemic. Written-off endlessly by its obituarists, syphilis abides.
Vanuatu: Happiest Nation On Earth, Mental Health and the Church
Authors: George Kuruvilla 
Published: February 2010

Objective: The aim of this paper was to gain an understanding of the mental health needs and services in Vanuatu, and examine the importance of the Church in the lives of the local people and the part that the Church can play in mental health service delivery. Method: The author visited Vanuatu to gain an understanding of the mental health needs and services in Vanuatu. This was followed by interaction with a number of churches to find out the views of church leaders about mental illness and their interest to learn about mental illness. A questionnaire was completed by 80 individuals who were also involved in some training. Results: There was a widely held view that mental illness was due to a weak faith, sin or demon possession. However, there is a desire and an interest among churches to have a better understanding about mental illness. Conclusion: Churches in Vanuatu can and need to be mobilized to make mental health service delivery successful in the country.
An Observer's Typology of Suicide
Authors: Pridmore Saxby , McArthur Milford 
Published: February 2010

Objective: The aim of this study was to present a typology of suicide which may assist in future thinking about suicide. Conclusion: A typology is described in which suicide is conceptualized as the result of a predicament (an uncomfortable set of circumstances from which there are limited escape options). Two predicaments are proposed, one when mental disorder is present and is the driver of completed suicide, and the other when mental disorder is absent, and environmental factors are the drivers of completed suicide. Each predicament is divided into two boxes according to the view of the observer, one in which the predicament is very clearly, and the other in which the predicament is less clearly the driver of the suicide. Examples are provided.
Evaluation of the Claassen Institute of Psychiatry for Medical Students
Authors: Lyons Zaza , Power Brian , Bilyk Natalia , Lofchy Jodi , Claassen Johann 
Published: February 2010

Objective: Psychiatric educators need to develop innovative strategies to attract more medical students to psychiatry. In 2008, the University of Western Australia held the inaugural Claassen Institute of Psychiatry for Medical Students. This novel program aimed to increase students’ level of interest in psychiatry as a career opportunity. Method: Students completed baseline and follow-up questionnaires. Questions were rated on a scale of 1 to 10. Results: Thirty students participated. The average age was 25.5 years and 11 were male. The mean interest and knowledge in psychiatry from baseline to follow-up increased from 7.8 to 8.9 and 5.8 to 7.3, respectively. Mean interest and knowledge in neurosciences increased from 6.9 to 7.7 and 4.3 to 6.2, respectively. Paired t sample tests were significant (p<0.001). Students ‘definitely considering’ a career in psychiatry increased by 20% overall from baseline to follow-up. Enjoyment and organization of the week were rated highly. Conclusions: The Institute is an innovative teaching strategy targeted towards medical students. The program increased the level of interest shown by students in psychiatry as a career. The Institute may positively contribute to recruitment of students to psychiatry training programs and it is planned to run it annually.
Lord Clive Did Not Suffer a Mood Disorder
Authors: Pridmore Saxby , Dale Jack , Ahmadi Jamshid 
Published: February 2010

Objective: We aimed to clarify questions regarding Lord Clive's early suicidal behavior and mental health. Method: We examined various historical texts. Results: Clive suffered gallstones with episodes of cholecystitis. We could find no evidence that Clive engaged in suicidal behavior in his early life, nor evidence of a mood disorder (depression or bipolar disorder) throughout his life or at the time of his death. Conclusions: Although reports of famous people who have suffered mental disorders may help to decrease the stigma associated with these conditions, there is a need for caution before make such a diagnosis. In the case of Lord Clive, we could find no evidence of a major mood disorder.
Rapid Multiplication of <i>Rauvolfia serpentina</i> Benth. Ex. Kurz through Tissue Culture
Authors: Pant Krishna K , Joshi Sanu D 
Published: February 2010

Rauvofia serpentina Benth. ex Kurz (Apocynaceae) is a highly important medicinal plant growing in the terai belts of Nepal. This plant is facing a high threat from various kinds of poachers in the wild due to improper ways of collection as well as almost no conservation strategy. In the present study, we have identified the way for rapid in vitro multiplication of this species using tissue culture technique as an effective tool for ex situ conservation. In this study, MS medium along with BAP and NAA alone or in combinations at different concentrations have given successful results in producing callus, multiple adventitious shoots both from callus and nodes and multiple roots from both callus as well as nodes. The in vitro as well as ex vitro rooting of the micro shoots have been achieved. The rooted seedlings have been successfully acclimatized. The best media for shoot multiplication from the node and callus cultures have been identified as MS + NAA 0.5 + BAP 0.5 ppm and MS + BAP 2.0 ppm, respectively. For rooting in and ex vitro, NAA has been found to be the best among auxins. For callus induction all the auxins specially NAA 1.0 ppm and 2,4-D 2.0 ppm have been found to be the best. Keywords: Micropropagation; Rauvolfia serpentina; In vitro rooting; Pulse treatment and acclimatization. DOI: 10.3126/sw.v6i6.2635 Scientific World, Vol. 6, No. 6, July 2008 58-62
Screening of Plant Extracts used in Traditional Antidiarrhoeal Medicines against Pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i>
Authors: Patel Jayshree D , Patel Devang K , Shrivastava Anshu , Kumar Vipin 
Published: February 2010

The petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and aqueous extracts of Acacia catechu L. f. (bark), Acacia nilotica L. (bark), Aegle marmelos L. Correa. (fruit) Azadirachta indica L. (leaves), Annona squamosa L. (leaves), Trachyspermum ammi L. (seeds), Holarrhena antidysenterica L. (bark) and Ocimum basilicum L. (leaves) were tested against Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC). These are the plants traditionally used by rural populace of semi arid regions of India for the treatment of diarrhoea. The ethnopharmacological information on the plants was collected by interviewing the traditional healers, community leaders and rural people of Gujarat State. The agar-well diffusion assay method was used to access the activities of plant extracts against the test organism. The results obtained show the strong activity of petroleum ether extract of A. marmelos, A. indica, T. ammi and H. antidysenterica; chloroform extract of A. catechu, A. indica and T. ammi; and methanol extract of A. catechu, A. nilotica, A. marmelos and T. ammi (MIC, d" 50 ì g/ml) followed by petroleum ether extract of O. basilicum and chloroform extract of A. nilotica, A. marmelos and H. antidysenterica (MIC, 50-100 ì g/ml). These preliminary results will be helpful in rationalizing the use of plants based traditional medicines in modern systems of health care. Key words: Medicinal plants; Herbal extracts; Traditional medicines; Escherichia coli. DOI: 10.3126/sw.v6i6.2636 Scientific World, Vol. 6, No. 6, July 2008 63-67
The interperiosteo-dural concept applied to the perisellar compartment: a microanatomical and electron microscopic study
Authors: François Patrick , Travers Nadine , Lescanne Emmanuel , Arbeille Brigitte , Jan Michel , Velut Stéphane 
Published: February 2010

Object
The dura mater has 2 dural layers: the endosteal layer (outer layer), which is firmly attached to the bone, and the meningeal layer (inner layer), which directly covers the brain. These 2 dural layers join together in the middle temporal fossa or the convexity and separate into the orbital, lateral sellar compartment (LSC), or spinal epidural space to form the extradural neural axis compartment (EDNAC). The aim of this work was to anatomically verify the concept of the EDNAC by using electron microscopy.

Methods
The authors studied the cadaveric heads obtained from 13 adults. Ten of the specimens (or 20 perisellar areas) were injected with colored latex and fixed in formalin. They carefully removed each brain to allow a superior approach to the perisellar area. The 3 other specimens were studied by microscopic and ultrastructural methods to describe the EDNAC in the perisellar area. Special attention was paid to the dural layers surrounding the perisellar area. The authors studied the anatomy of the meningeal architecture of the LSC, the petroclival venous confluence, the orbit, and the trigeminal cave. After dissection, the authors took photographs of the dural layers with the aid of optical magnification. The 3 remaining heads, obtained from fresh cadavers, were prepared for electron microscopic study.

Results
The EDNAC is limited by the endosteal layer and the meningeal layer and contains fat and/or venous blood. The endosteal layer and meningeal layer were not identical on electron microscopy; this finding can be readily related to the histology of the meninges.

Conclusions
In this study, the authors demonstrated the existence of the EDNAC concept in the perisellar area by using dissected cadaveric heads and verified the reality of the concept of the meningeal layer with electron microscopy. These findings clearly demonstrated the existence of the EDNAC, a notion that has generally been accepted but never demonstrated microscopically.
Lateral sellar angiolipoma: a tumor illustrative of the extradural compartment of the neural axis
Authors: François Patrick , Zemmoura Ilyess , Fouquet Anne Marie Bergemer , Jan Michel , Velut Stéphane 
Published: February 2010

Angiolipomas are rare tumors of the CNS that most frequently develop in the orbit, the cavernous space, and the epidural space of the spine. The authors report the case of a patient who presented with an angiolipoma of the cavernous space. Using data from the published literature and an experimental anatomical approach, they demonstrate that the cavernous space contains adipose tissue. Consequently, they suggest that angiolipomas constitute a characteristic tumor illustrating the interperiosteo-dural concept.
The authors report the clinical, radiological, and histological data of a patient who presented with a tumor of the cavernous space. In addition, they prepared 2 encephalic extremities (4 cavernous spaces) using a special anatomical preparation consisting of an injection of colored neoprene latex followed by a 6-month immersion in a formaldehyde solution enriched with hydrogen peroxide to soften the bone structures (coronal sections) while leaving the fat in the cavernous space intact.
This case report corroborates previously published clinical data and shows that the tumor was a hamartoma comprising mature fat cells associated with vascular proliferation. The tumor developed in the cavernous space, which is an interperiosteo-dural space extending from the sphenoid periosteum (osteoperiosteal layer) to the superior and lateral walls of the cavernous space (encephalic layer). This space represents an anatomical continuum extending from the coccyx to the orbit: the interperiosteo-dural concept. It contains fat tissue that is abundant at the level of the orbit and the epidural spinal space and sparser at the level of the cavernous spaces, as was shown in our anatomical study.
The authors suggest that angiolipomas represent a characteristic tumor that illustrates the interperiosteo-dural concept because they essentially develop in the fat tissue contained in these spaces.