bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NO production in RAW264 cells stimulated with Porphyromonas gingivalis extracellular vesicles
Authors: Imayoshi R , Cho T , Kaminishi H 
Published: July 2010

Oral Diseases (2010) 17, 83–89Objective:  This experiment was carried out in order to prove the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and the nitric oxide (NO) production in mouse macrophage cells (RAW264) which were stimulated by vesicles released from Porphyromonas gingivalis, and discussed about the role of vesicles in advance periodontal diseases.Materials and Methods:  Production of NO2− in RAW264 cells was investigated after 0, 1, 3, 6 and 12 h of stimulation with P. gingivalis vesicles. NO was analyzed by HPLC‐based flow reactor system with Griess reagent. The cells stained by the enzyme‐labeled antibody method, after being stimulated with vesicles for 12 h. The iNOS proteins, which were expressed in RAW264 cells after 12 h of stimulation with vesicles, were detected by western blot.Results:  When stimulated with vesicles from W83 and from ATCC33277, the RAW264 cells produced NO, but cell proteins that came in contact with the vesicles were degraded by protease activities in vesicles. When stimulated with vesicles from gingipain‐deficient mutant strain KDP136, the RAW264 cells produced NO, but the quality was about 60%, compared with the vesicles from ATCC33277.Conclusion:  The results suggest that vesicles are not only just a part of bacterial component, but also are a toxic complex of lipopolysaccharide and protease, and one of the putative virulence factor for periodontal diseases that continue inflammation and cause chronic conditions.
Bilateral areolar and periareolar pityriasis versicolor
Authors: Sárdy Miklós , Korting Hans Christian , Ruzicka Thomas , Wolff Hans 
Published: July 2010

SummaryAn adolescent boy presented with isolated, symmetrical, bilateral areolar and periareolar pityriasis versicolor. This extremely rare condition should be considered in the differential diagnosis of light brown patches on the areolae.
Dermatologic diseases and their effects on male sexual functions
Authors: Ermertcan Aylin Türel , Temeltaş Gökhan 
Published: July 2010

SummaryChronic skin diseases may result in a variety of psychological problems, including distress, demoralization, poor self esteem, sleep disturbances, social phobia, anxiety, depression and obsessive‐compulsive disorder. It is known that skin diseases may also cause sexual problems.Sexual activity remains important for most men throughout their adult lives and into old age. Impairment in their sexual experience can cause significant personal and interpersonal distress at any age. Sexual dysfunction in chronic systemic diseases has become a popular and important health concern in recent years. This subject is quite new in the specialty of dermatology. We explore the relationships between dermatologic diseases and male sexual dysfunction.
Examination of facilitators and barriers to home‐based supplemental feeding with ready‐to‐use food for underweight children in western Uganda
Authors: Ickes Scott Bradley , Jilcott Stephanie B. , Myhre Jennifer A. , Adair Linda S. , Thirumurthy Harsha , Handa Sudhanshu , Bentley Margaret E. , Ammerman Alice S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPoor complementary feeding practices and low‐quality complementary foods are significant causes of growth faltering and child mortality throughout the developing world. Ready‐to‐use foods (RUF) are energy‐dense, lipid‐based products that do not require cooking or refrigeration that have been used to prevent and treat malnutrition among vulnerable children. The effectiveness of these products in improving child nutritional status depends on household use by caregivers. To identify the key facilitators and barriers that influence appropriate in‐home RUF consumption by supplemental feeding program beneficiaries, we conducted individual interviews among caregivers (n = 80), RUF producers (n = 8) and program staff (n = 10) involved in the Byokulia Bisemeye mu Bantu supplemental feeding program in Bundibugyo, Uganda. By documenting caregiver perceptions and feeding practices related to RUF, we developed a conceptual framework of factors that affect appropriate feeding with RUF. Findings suggest that locally produced RUF is well received by caregivers and children, and is perceived by caregivers and the community to be a healthy supplemental food for malnourished children. However, child feeding practices, including sharing of RUF within households, compromise the nutrient delivery to the intended child. Interventions and educational messages informed by this study can help to improve RUF delivery to targeted beneficiaries.
Nonpoint‐Source Pollution Reduction for an Iowa Watershed: An Application of Evolutionary Algorithms
Authors: Rabotyagov Sergey S. , Jha Manoj , Campbell Todd D. 
Published: July 2010

We apply an integrated simulation‐optimization framework to search for cost‐efficient mix and location of agricultural conservation practices in a typical agricultural watershed for two types of nitrogen reduction targets: control of mean annual nitrogen loadings, and a “safety‐first” type constraint, insisting that nitrogen targets be met in every weather realization (weather‐resilient solutions). Evolutionary algorithms are developed for each of the appropriate water quality targets. Our approach allows for the derivation of a watershed‐level total and marginal nitrogen abatement cost curve. Controlling for the probability of meeting water quality targets (looking for weather‐resilient solutions) is found to be significantly more costly than controlling the average nitrogen loadings. Both types of solutions are assessed for robustness with respect to weather uncertainty: solutions selected to reduce average loadings do well under weather uncertainty, while the robustness of solutions selected to be resilient decreases with the stringency of the water quality goal.Nous avons appliqué un modèle intégré de simulation‐optimisation pour trouver des combinaisons de pratiques agricoles de conservation efficaces en terme de coûts et les endroits où elles devraient être adoptées dans un bassin versant agricole typique pour deux types de cibles de réduction des charges d’azote : la surveillance des charges moyennes annuelles d’azote et une contrainte du type « sécurité d’abord », selon laquelle les cibles d’azote doivent être respectées peu importe les conditions météorologiques (solutions robustes aux changements météorologiques). Nous avons élaboré des algorithmes évolutifs pour chaque cible relative à la qualité de l’eau. Notre approche a permis de dériver la courbe de coût liéà la réduction marginale et totale de l’azote dans un bassin versant. L’ajustement de la probabilité que les cibles relatives à la qualité de l’eau soient respectées (solutions robustes aux changements météorologiques) s’est révélé significativement plus coûteux que de contrôler les charges moyennes d’azote. Nous avons évalué les deux types de solutions afin de vérifier leur performance dans des conditions météorologiques incertaines : les solutions retenues pour réduire les charges moyennes fonctionnent bien dans des conditions météorologiques incertaines, tandis que la performance des solutions robustes aux conditions météorologiques diminue avec le niveau visé de qualité de l’eau.
Fish and boats: Fisheries management issues in Northland
Authors: Winder Gordon M. , Rees Eugene 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNew Zealand fisheries management has been the focus of a great deal of research, largely because of the early, and very successful, introduction of a neoliberal property regime in the country's commercial fisheries. Less attention has been paid to the other management activities of New Zealand's Ministry of Fisheries. This paper outlines the fisheries management issues arising over the last decade in the region to the north of Auckland and the practices of the Ministry as it worked to address them.
Surveillance of vivax malaria vectors and civilian patients for malaria high‐risk areas in northern Gyeonggi and Gangwon Provinces near the demilitarized zone, Republic of Korea, 2003–2006
Authors: SHIM Jae Chul , LEE Dong‐Kyu , KLEIN Terry A. , KIM Heung‐Chul , LEE Won‐Ja , IM Heung Ku 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAfter re‐emergence of malaria in 1993, a continued increase in Plasmodium vivax cases was observed from 1993 to 2006 in northern Gyeonggi and Gangwon Provinces adjacent to the demilitarized zone separating North from South Korea. Annual parasite incidence per 1000 people ranged from 0.33 in 2004 to 0.89 in 2006. While malaria case rates declined (22.6%) in 2004, they increased 75.1% in 2005 and 51.7% in 2006 from the previous years. An initial incorrect diagnosis of 46.8% of malaria cases as common cold resulted in a mean delay of 1.3 days for the detection malarial parasites. Of the total cases, 10.2% from December to May were due to latent intrinsic incubation infections acquired the previous malaria season and the rest of the cases from June to November were either latent or short incubation infections. Overall, the peak anopheline population occurred from July to September, resulting in a similar peak in malaria cases. While malaria cases increased during 2005–2006, anopheline populations, based on trap indices, were not significantly different during 4 years of surveillance. To decrease the malaria patient infective period to mosquitoes, public health centers in Paju and Cheorwon in 2006 prescribed chloroquine + primaquine at days 0–3 after initial malaria diagnosis followed by an additional 11 days of primaquine (early primaquine treatment), rather than chloroquine on days 0–3 and primaquine on days 4–17 (delayed primaquine treatment). A reduction in the malaria parasite incidence during 2007 was recorded for the two locations offering the early primaquine treatment relative to other locations using the delayed primaquine treatment.
Subtle visits despite guards: Theft from nest of stingless bee (Meliponini) by orchid bee (Euglossini)
Authors: SANTOS Charles Fernando dos , BOFF Samuel 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe theft of food items and building materials from nests of stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini) is most commonly carried out by other Meliponini bee species, especially by those related to genus Lestrimelitta Friese, 1903. In this note, we recorded the theft of cerumen and propolis made by a species of the orchid bee, Euglossa annectans Dressler, 1982 (Apidae: Euglossini) from the nest of the stingless bee Tetragonisca angustula (Latreille, 1811). We noticed that the guard workers of T. angustula did not attack the thief bee even though it did not come sufficiently close to the entrance tube of the nest.
The risk and interval to malignancy of patients with laryngeal dysplasia; a systematic review of case series and meta‐analysis
Authors: Weller M.D. , Nankivell P.C. , McConkey C. , Paleri V. , Mehanna H.M. 
Published: July 2010

Clin. Otolaryngol. 2010, 35, 364–372Background:  Laryngeal dysplasia is a pre‐malignant condition with wide variability in rates of malignant transformation reported in the literature. The management and follow‐up strategies of these lesions vary widely.Objectives:  To assess the risk of and interval to malignant transformation in patients with laryngeal dysplasia, the effect of different treatment modalities on malignant transformation and the effects that risk factors such as smoking, excessive alcohol intake and histological grade may have on this.Type of review:  Systematic of observational studies with attempted meta‐analysis.Search strategy:  A structured search of Medline (1966 to January 2010), EMBASE (1980 to January 2010), CINAHL (1981 to January 2010) and Cochrane databases (CENTRAL, Cochrane Library, 1995 to January 2010).Results:  Nine hundred and forty cases from nine studies were included in the analysis. Overall malignant transformation rate was 14% (confidence interval 8, 22) and mean time to malignant transformation was 5.8 years. The malignant transformation rate is higher with increased severity of dysplasia grade – severe/CIS 30.4%versus mild/moderate 10.6% (P < 0.0002). Treatment modality did not show significant effects.Conclusions:  Laryngeal dysplasia carries a significant risk of malignant transformation. This risk triples with increasing severity of dysplasia. Transformation often occurs late and is not related to the grade of dysplasia. There is little evidence, therefore, to support the early discharge of patients with mild/moderate dysplasia, which is practised by some clinicians.
Mitochondrial Membrane Permeabilization during the Apoptotic Process
Authors: JACOTOT ETIENNE , COSTANTINI PAOLA , LABOUREAU ERIC , ZAMZAMI NAOUFAL , SUSIN SANTOS A. , KROEMER GUIDO 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTApoptosis may be viewed as a triphasic process. During the pre‐mitochondrial initiation phase, very different pro‐apoptotic signal transduction or damage pathways can be activated. These pathways then converge on the mitochondrion, where they cause the permeabilization of the inner and/or outer membranes with consequent release of soluble intermembrane proteins into the cytosol. The process of mitochondrial membrane permeabilization would constitute the decision/effector phase of the apoptotic process. During the post‐mitochondrial degradation phase downstream caspases and nucleases are acticated and the cell acquires an apoptotic morphology. Recently, a number of different second messengers (calcium, ceramide derivatives, nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species) and pro‐apoptotic proteins (Bax, Bak, Bid, and caspases) have been found to directly compromise the barrier function of mitochondrial membranes, when added to isolated mitochondria. The effects of several among these agents are mediated at least in part via the permeability transition pore complex (PTPC), a composite channel in which members of the Bcl‐2 family interact with sessile transmembrane proteins such as the adenine nucleotide translocator. These findings suggest that the PTPC may constitute a pharmacological targer for chemotherapy and cytoprotection.
Apoptosis‐related Functional Features of the DNaseI‐like Family of Nucleases
Authors: LIU QING Y. , RIBECCO MARIA , PANDEY SIYARAM , WALKER P. ROY , SIKORSKA MARIANNA 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTRat DNaseY b and its human homolog DHP2 are members of a new family of DNaseI‐like endonucleases. They contain all the conserved amino acid residues to engage a DNaseI‐like catalytic activity and the same molecular mechanisms of DNA hydrolysis. The sequence similarity can be extended to other families of nucleases, such as FEN‐1, DNA polymerases, RNaseH and exonuclease III, involved in the ion‐dependent hydrolysis of nucleic acids. Their unique features include the NLS signals that place them in the nucleic and a high content of positively charged amino acid residues that results in their high affinity for the substrate. Their properties are consistent with a role in the early stage DNA degradation during apoptosis. The caspase‐DFF45/CIDE‐CPAN pathway is most likely involved in the second stage of internucleosomal DNA degradation. However, cells express constitutively multiple transcripts encoding DNA degrading enzymes and related molecules, hence they have the molecular diversity to engage the self‐destructive pathway appropriate to a given trigger.
The Molecular Mechanism of Programmed Cell Death in C. elegans
Authors: LIU QIONG A. , HENGARTNER MICHAEL O. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTProgrammed cell death or apoptosis plays a fundamental role during animal development, metamorphosis, and tissue homeostasis. It is a genetically controlled physiological process that comprises two distinct and sequential processes: the death of cells, and their subsequent removal by engulfing cells. In the nematode C. elegans, genetic studies led to the discovery of 15 genes that function in programmed cell death 1 (Fig. 1). These 15 genes have been divided into four groups based on the order of their activity during the process of programmed cell death: (1) those involved in the decision making (ces‐1 and ces‐2); (2) in the process of execution (ced‐3, ced‐4, ced‐9 and egl‐1); (3) in the engulfment of dying cells by engulfing cells (ced‐1, ced‐2, ced‐5, ced‐6, ced‐7, ced‐10, ced‐12); and (4) those in the degradation of cell corpses within engulfing cells (nuc‐1). In the last five years, several genes in the genetic pathway of programmed cell death have been shown to be conserved across a wide range of species; all genes involved in the step of execution in C. elegans have their corresponding mammalian homologs (Fig. 2). Furthermore, emerging evidence from molecular studies of engulfment genes in several species suggests that the signaling process from apoptotic cells to engulfing cells and the subsequent engulfment process might be also conserved across species (Table 1).The genetic pathway for programmed cell death in C. elegans. In the nematode C. elegans, genetic studies led to the discovery of 15 genes related to programmed cell death. These 15 genes have been divided into four groups based on the order of their activity during the process of programmed cell death: ces‐1 and ces‐2 are involved in the decision making, ced‐3, ced‐4, ced‐8, ced‐9, and egl‐1 in the process of execution, ced‐1, ced‐2, ced‐5, ced‐6, ced‐7, and ced‐10 in the engulfinent of dying cells by engulfing cells, and nuc‐1 in the degradation of cell corpses within engulfing cells. Adapted from reference 1.imageConservation of the execution step in the genetic pathway for programmed cell death. In C. elegans, the execution step in the genetic pathway for programmed cell death comprises four genes, ced‐3, ced‐4, ced‐9, and egl‐1. All of these genes have their corresponding mammalian homologs: CED‐9 is a member of the Bcl‐2 family, CED‐3 is a caspase family member, CED‐4 is homologous to the Apaf‐ 1 protein, and EGL‐1 is similar in structure to Bid and other BH3 domain only‐containing proteins. In Drosophila, reaper, hid, and grim are required for the apoptotic cell death and might act upstream of the Drosophila caspases, drICE, DREDD, and DCP‐1. The homologs of reaper, hid, and grim in other species have not been identified. Similarly, the homologs of EGL‐1, CED‐4 and CED‐9 in Drosophila have not been found.image

Evolutionary conservation of engulfment genesa
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Hyperoxia‐induced Cell Death in the Lung‐the Correlation of Apoptosis, Necrosis, and Inflammation
Authors: MANTELL LIN L. , HOROWITZ STUART , DAVIS JONATHAN M. , KAZZAZ JEFFREY A. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTProlonged exposure to hyperoxia causes tissue damage in many organs and tissues. Since the entire surface area of lung epithelium is directly exposed to O2and other inhaled agents, hyperoxia leads to the development of both acute and chronic lung injuries. These pathologic changes in the lung can also be seen in acute lung injury (ALI) in response to other agents. Simple strategies to mitigate hyperoxia‐induced ALI might not be effective by virtue of merely reducing or augmenting the extent of apoptosis of pulmonary cells. Identification of the specific cell types undergoing apoptosis and further understanding of the precise timing of the onset of apoptosis may be necessary in order to gain a greater understanding of the connection between apoptosis and tolerance to hyperoxia and ALI. Attention should also be focused on other forms of non‐apoptotic programmed cell death.
Programmed Cell Death as a Mechanism of CD4 and CD8 T Cell Deletion in AIDS: Molecular Control and Effect of Highly Active Anti‐retroviral Therapy
Authors: GOUGEON MARIE‐LISE , MONTAGNIER LUC 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTInfection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) results in the progressive destruction of CD4 T lymphocytes, generally associated with progression of the disease. The progressive disappearance of CD4 T lymphocytes leads to the lack of control of HIV replication and to the development of severe immune deficiency responsible for the occurrence of opportunistic infections associated with AIDS. In this review we discuss premature lymphocyte apoptosis in the context of HIV infection as the consequence of the continuous production of viral proteins, leading to an unbalanced immune activation and to the triggering of apoptotic programs. The chronic immune activation induces the continuous expression of death factors which could turn lymphocytes, including CD4 T cells, CD8 CTL or APC, into effectors of apoptosis, leading to the destruction of healthy activated non‐infected cells. Thus, programmed cell death would significantly contribute to peripheral T cell depletion in AIDS, particularly if the Th cell renewal is impaired. Under potent anti‐retroviral therapies, a complete normalization of lymphocyte apoptosis is observed, concomitant with a partial restoration of the number and the functions of the immune system.
Two Inbred Strains of Rats, Fischer 344 and Lewis, Showed Differential Behavior and Brain Expression of Corticosterone Receptor mRNA Induced by Methamphetamine
Authors: NUMACHI YOHTARO , YOSHIDA SUMIKO , TODA SHIGENOBU , MATSUOKA HIROO , SATO MITSUMOTO 
Published: July 2010

AbstractRecently, a role of the hypothalamo‐pituitary‐adrenocortical (HPA) axis in facilitating the behavioral and neurochemical effects of psychostimulants has been proposed. Two inbred strains of rats, Fischer 344/N (F344) and Lewis/N (LEW), have markedly different HPA axes as well as behavioral responses to psychostimulants: F344 rats show hyperresponsive HPA axis and no significant sensitization to cocaine, whereas LEW rats display blunted response in HPA axis and develop cocaine‐induced locomotor sensitization. Corticosterone exerts its biological effects via intracellular receptors, termed type I (mineralocorticoid receptor: MR) and type II (glucocorticoid receptor: GR). The present study examines the development of stereotypy sensitization and the brain expression of mRNAs for MR, GR, and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) in methamphetamine (MAP)‐treated F344 and LEW rats. Animals received i.p. injections with chronic saline (SAL: once daily for 21 days), chronic saline and acute MAP (AM: saline for 20 days and 4 mg/kg MAP on the 21st day), or chronic MAP (CM: 4 mg/kg MAP for 21 days) and were sacrificed three hours after the last injections. Striatum, hippocampus, and cerebellum were quickly dissected on ice and total RNA was isolated for northern analyses. LEW rats developed stereotypy sensitization significantly earlier than F344 rats. AM significantly decreased GR and MR mRNA expression in hippocampus of LEW, compared to SAL. CM significantly increased GR and MR mRNA expression in striatum of F344 compared to SAL and AM, while it decreased GR mRNA in striatum of LEW and MR mRNA in hippocampus, compared to SAL. AM significantly increased HSP90 mRNA in all brain regions examined, without the hippocampus in LEW. CM significantly increased the expression of HSP90 mRNA in the striatum and cerebellum of F344, but significantly decreased in the striatum and hippocampus of LEW. These contrasting differences between F344 and LEW, in their susceptibility to stereotypy sensitization and striatal expression of GR mRNA by chronic MAP, suggest that some striatal genes, whose transcription is regulated by GR, play a crucial role in the development of MAP‐induced behavioral sensitization.