bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le théâtre des passions politiques
Authors: Jamous Raymond 
Published: November 2010

Au Liban, les passions politiques se manifestent par une mise en scène des liens de domination, de clientèle, de compétition, l’exercice du pouvoir n’étant qu’un aspect exacerbé des rapports entre violence verbale et violence physique qui sont inscrites dans toutes les strates de la société. Différents personnages sont présentés à travers leurs performances : le jeune tueur, le beau parleur, le « leader des jeunes », le chef de famille et le seigneur qui est tenté de défier le ciel. Les trois premiers cherchent à s’imposer par leur action et/ou leur maîtrise de la parole en n’ayant qu’une influence limitée sur leurs agnats alors que les deux derniers agissent violemment en s’appuyant sur les relations de dépendance et en manifestant leur volonté de pouvoir. Par sa parole, l’opinion tempère ou exacerbe les tensions politiques, mais elle n’offre aucun moyen de légitimer ou de contrôler les échanges de violence et les affrontements qui ont dérapé et provoqué les massacres de la guerre civile.
Observer, analyser, restituer
Authors: Flamant Nicolas 
Published: November 2010

La perspective de restitution des résultats de la recherche préside dès le début de l’enquête à la construction des sources et des informations. De ce point de vue, il n’y a plus lieu de faire de différence entre une ethnologie du proche ou du lointain : les opérations de contrôle de l’enquête peuvent être aussi fortes chez les aborigènes australiens que chez les directeurs d’une entreprise occidentale. Cet article analyse les conditions d’une enquête anthropologique dans les comités de direction d’une grande entreprise française. La restitution, parce qu’inéluctable, est intégrée dans le processus même de la recherche. De ce fait, elle doit être observée et analysée à part entière pour permettre, certes, une analyse réflexive critique du travail d’enquête, mais surtout pour mettre au jour les logiques politiques qui animent les relations entre acteurs, logiques dans lesquelles l’ethnologue est lui-même pris.
Quelques touches hospitalières
Authors: Pouchelle Marie-Christine 
Published: November 2010

S’il y a un espace collectif où l’on touche et où l’on est touché – au sens littéral et au sens figuré – c’est bien l’hôpital. Les populations en présence s’y répartissent selon une ancienne et profonde ligne de clivage qui sépare les touchés (les patients) et les toucheurs (les professionnels de santé). Ces derniers sont pourvus d’une armure défensive relativement efficace. Malgré cela, toucher les morts ou porter la main sur les entrailles des vivants ne sont pas des gestes anodins. D’autant que la culture hospitalière, certes en pleine évolution aujourd’hui, reste encore globalement une culture du corps à corps. En effet, bien que le sens clinique semble menacé chez les étudiants en médecine, les hospitaliers continuent de mettre l’accent sur les vertus du contact immédiat avec les êtres et les choses, préférant traditionnellement de loin l’oral (le bouche-à-oreille) à l’écrit. Il arrive alors que toucher, ce soit s’approprier, incorporer, manger, tandis qu’être touché, ce soit risquer d’être dévoré. L’effroi disparaîtra-t-il en même temps que le plaisir du toucher si ce dernier devient virtuel, comme le propose depuis quelques années la chirurgie robotique ?
Ocular Manifestations of Sickle Cell Disease at the Korlebu Hospital, Accra, Ghana
Authors: Osafo-Kwaako Alfred , Kimani Kahaki , llako Dunera , Akafo Stephen , Ekem Ivy , Rodhgues Onike , Enweronu-Laryea Christabel , Nentwich Martin M. 
Published: November 2010

Purpose TO determine the magnitude and pattern of ocular manifestations in sickle cell disease at Korlebu Hospital, Accra, Ghana. Methods Hospital-based cross-sectional study including all patients with sickle cell disease reporting for routine follow-up at the Sickle Cell Clinic at Korlebu Hospital, Accra, Ghana. Results A total of 201 patients with sickle cell disease (67 male and 134 female) were enrolled, comprising 114 subjects with genotype HbSS, aged 6–58 years, mean 19.26 (SD 11.70), and 87 with genotype HbSC, aged 6–65 years, mean 31.4 (SD 16.76). Visual impairment was found in 5.6% of eyes examined. Causes were cataract, proliferative sickle retinopathy (PSR), optic atrophy, phthisis bulbi, and central retinal artery occlusion. Common anterior segment signs of sickle cell disease, which were more common in HbSC patients, were tortuous corkscrew conjunctival vessels, iris atrophy, and cataract. Eyes with iris atrophy or depigmentation were 1.8 times more at risk of PSR than eyes without. Overall, PSR was found in 12.9% of subjects examined (3.5% of HbSS, 25.3% of HbSC; 15.9% of males and 11.2% of females). The prevalence of proliferative sickle retinopathy increased with age and increased systemic severity of sickle cell disease; sex did not have an influence. Conclusions There is a high prevalence of ocular morbidity in sickle cell disease patients at Korlebu Hospital. Prevalence increased with age, systemic severity of sickle cell disease, and HbSC genotype.
Topiramate-Induced Acute Bilateral Angle Closure and Myopia: Pathophysiology and Treatment Controversies
Authors: Van Issum Christopher , Mavrakanas Nikolaos , Schutz James S. , Shaarawy Tarek 
Published: November 2010

Purpose TO discuss the unusual features of topiramate-induced acute angle closure glaucoma, its pathophysiologic mechanisms, and treatment controversies, and to report the first anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) of this condition. Methods Literature review and case report with OCT findings. Results Topiramate-induced angle closure is usually bilateral and associated with acute myopia; the ocular pressure is often not very highly elevated. Ciliochoroidal detachment with ciliary body anterior rotation is typically present and was demonstrated easily in our case with anterior segment OCT. Pilo-carpine exacerbates this condition and peripheral iridotomy is not indicated, nor is iridoplasty Treatment consists of replacing topiramate with appropriate medication, strong cycloplegia, and topical steroids. Conclusions It is important to recognize this form of acute secondary angle closure in order to treat it properly, avoiding harmful medication and unnecessary surgery.
The Role of Steroids in the Management of Uveitic Macular Edema
Authors: De Smet Marc D. , Julian Karina 
Published: November 2010

Purpose. TO review the role of steroids in the management of uveitic macular edema. Methods. Review of recent literature on the physiopathology of macular edema and clinical trials involving steroids as main treatment of uveitic macular edema. Results. The steroid-glucocorticoid receptor complex regulates the action of specific steroids allowing transactivation or repression of a common as well as a unique set of genes. This specificity may help explain differences observed in the side effect profile of commonly used intraocular steroids (dexamethasone, fluocinolone, triamcinolone) whose ability to activate glucocorticoid receptors in model systems is very similar. Sustained delivery devices provide long-term remission of macular edema but with an increased incidence of cataract and glaucoma procedures. The exact incidence is dependent on the specific steroid, the mode of delivery, and the time since injection/placement. Steroid therapy is able to target many important pathways in uveitic macular edema, achieving good clinical results. Secondary adverse effects are still a matter of concern limiting their use. Conclusions. Steroid therapy remains a mainstay in the management of uveitic macular edema. Lo-cal administration precludes systemic adverse effects even though the risk of developing cataract or glaucoma remains an important issue. New slow release devices are thought to improve safety profile while keeping therapeutic advantages.
Experimental and Monte Carlo based dosimetric investigation of a novel 3 mm radiosurgery 3 MV beam using the microSilicon detector
Authors: Saße Katrin , Albers Karina , Klassen Peter Douglas , Marianayagam Neelan J. , Weidlich Georg , Schneider M. Bret , Chang Steven , Adler John , Poppe Björn , Looe Hui Khee , Eulenstein Daniela 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe ZAP‐X system is a novel gyroscopic radiosurgical system based on a 3 MV linear accelerator and collimator cones with a diameter between 4 and 25 mm. Advances in imaging modalities to detect small and early‐stage pathologies allow for an early and less invasive treatment, where a smaller collimator matching the anatomical target could provide better sparing of surrounding healthy tissue.PurposeA novel 3 mm collimator cone for the ZAP‐X was developed. This study aims to investigate the usability of a commercial diode detector (microSilicon) for the dosimetric characterization of this small collimator cone; and to investigate the underlying small field perturbation effects.MethodsProfile measurements in five depths as well as PDD and output ratio measurements were performed with a microSilicon detector and radiochromic EBT3 films. In addition, comprehensive Monte Carlo simulations were performed to validate the measurement observations and to quantify the perturbation effects of the microSilicon detector in these extremely small field conditions.ResultsIt is shown that the microSilicon detector enables an accurate dosimetric characterization of the 3 mm beam. The profile parameters, such as the FWHM and 20%–80% penumbra width, agree within 0.1 to 0.2 mm between film and detector measurements. The output ratios agree within the measurement uncertainty between microSilicon detector and films, whereas the comparisons of the PDD results show good agreement with the Monte Carlo simulations. The analysis of the perturbation factors of the microSilicon detector reveals a small field correction factor of approximately 3% for the 3 mm circular beam and a correction factor smaller than 1.5% for field diameters above 3 mm.ConclusionsIt could be shown that the microSilicon detector is well‐suitable for the characterization of the new 3 mm circular beam of the ZAP‐X system.
Atomically Dispersed Metal Catalysts for the Conversion of CO2 into High‐Value C2+ Chemicals
Authors: Yang Qihao , Liu Hao , Lin Yichao , Su Desheng , Tang Yulong , Chen Liang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) into value‐added chemicals with two or more carbons (C2+) is a promising strategy that cannot only mitigate anthropogenic CO2 emissions but also reduce the excessive dependence on fossil feedstocks. In recent years, atomically dispersed metal catalysts (ADCs), including single‐atom catalysts (SACs), dual‐atom catalysts (DACs), and single‐cluster catalysts (SCCs), emerged as attractive candidates for CO2 fixation reactions due to their unique properties, such as the maximum utilization of active sites, tunable electronic structure, the efficient elucidation of catalytic mechanism, etc. This review provides an overview of significant progress in the synthesis and characterization of ADCs utilized in photocatalytic, electrocatalytic, and thermocatalytic conversion of CO2 toward high‐value C2+ compounds. To provide insights for designing efficient ADCs toward the C2+ chemical synthesis originating from CO2, the key factors that influence the catalytic activity and selectivity are highlighted. Finally, the relevant challenges and opportunities are discussed to inspire new ideas for the generation of CO2‐based C2+ products over ADCs.
Endothermic Charge Separation Occurs Spontaneously in Non‐Fullerene Acceptor/Polymer Bulk Heterojunction
Authors: Rijal Kushal , Fuller Neno , Rudayni Fatimah , Zhang Nan , Zuo Xiaobing , Berrie Cindy L. , Yip Hin‐Lap , Chan Wai‐Lun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOrganic photovoltaics (OPVs) based on non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs) have achieved a power conversion efficiency close to 20%. These NFA OPVs can generate free carriers efficiently despite a very small energy level offset at the donor/acceptor interface. Why these NFAs can enable efficient charge separation (CS) with low energy losses remains an open question. Here, the CS process in the PM6:Y6 bulk heterojunction is probed by time‐resolved two‐photon photoemission spectroscopy. It is found that the CS, the conversion from bound charge transfer (CT) excitons to free carriers, is an endothermic process with an enthalpy barrier of 0.15 eV. The CS can occur spontaneously despite being an endothermic process, which implies that it is driven by entropy. It is further argued that the morphology of the PM6:Y6 film and the anisotropic electron delocalization restrict the electron and hole wavefunctions within the CT exciton such that they can primarily contact each other through point‐like junctions. This configuration can maximize the entropic driving force.
A Zero‐Voltage‐Writing Artificial Nervous System Based on Biosensor Integrated on Ferroelectric Tunnel Junction
Authors: Qin Xiaokun , Zhong Bowen , Lv Shuxian , Long Xiao , Xu Hao , Li Linlin , Xu Kaichen , Lou Zheng , Luo Qing , Wang Lili 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe artificial nervous system proves the great potential for the emulation of complex neural signal transduction. However, a more bionic system design for bio‐signal transduction still lags behind that of physical signals, and relies on additional external sources. Here, this work presents a zero‐voltage‐writing artificial nervous system (ZANS) that integrates a bio‐source‐sensing device (BSSD) for ion‐based sensing and power generation with a hafnium‐zirconium oxide‐ferroelectric tunnel junction (HZO‐FTJ) for the continuously adjustable resistance state. The BSSD can use ion bio‐source as both perception and energy source, and then output voltage signals varied with the change of ion concentrations to the HZO‐FTJ, which completes the zero‐voltage‐writing neuromorphic bio‐signal modulation. In view of in/ex vivo biocompatibility, this work shows the precise muscle control of a rabbit leg by integrating the ZANS with a flexible nerve stimulation electrode. The independence on external source enhances the application potential of ZANS in robotics and prosthetics.
Unconventional Band Structure via Combined Molecular Orbital and Lattice Symmetries in a Surface‐Confined Metallated Graphdiyne Sheet
Authors: Piquero‐Zulaica Ignacio , Hu Wenqi , Seitsonen Ari Paavo , Haag Felix , Küchle Johannes , Allegretti Francesco , Lyu Yuanhao , Chen Lan , Wu Kehui , El‐Fattah Zakaria M. Abd , Aktürk Ethem , Klyatskaya Svetlana , Ruben Mario , Muntwiler Matthias , Barth Johannes V. , Zhang Yi‐Qi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGraphyne (GY) and graphdiyne (GDY)‐based monolayers represent the next generation 2D carbon‐rich materials with tunable structures and properties surpassing those of graphene. However, the detection of band formation in atomically thin GY/GDY analogues has been challenging, as both long‐range order and atomic precision have to be fulfilled in the system. The present work reports direct evidence of band formation in on‐surface synthesized metallated Ag‐GDY sheets with mesoscopic (≈1 µm) regularity. Employing scanning tunneling and angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopies, energy‐dependent transitions of real‐space electronic states above the Fermi level and formation of the valence band are respectively observed. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) calculations corroborate the observations and reveal that doubly degenerate frontier molecular orbitals on a honeycomb lattice give rise to flat, Dirac and Kagome bands close to the Fermi level. DFT modeling also indicates an intrinsic band gap for the pristine sheet material, which is retained for a bilayer with h‐BN, whereas adsorption‐induced in‐gap electronic states evolve at the synthesis platform with Ag‐GDY decorating the (111) facet of silver. These results illustrate the tremendous potential for engineering novel band structures via molecular orbital and lattice symmetries in atomically precise 2D carbon materials.
The influence of Zircos‐E® etchant, silica coating, and alumina air‐particle abrasion on the debonding resistance of endocrowns with three different preparation designs
Authors: Alqutaibi Ahmed Yaseen , Alghauli Mohammed Ahmed , Dewedar Karim , AbdElaziz Mohammed H. , Saker Samah 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe study aimed to evaluate the debonding resistance of three different endocrown designs on molar teeth, using three different zirconia surface pretreatments.Material and MethodNinety human mandibular first molars were divided into three main groups: endocrowns without ferrule, with 1 mm ferrule, and with 2 mm ferrule. The subgroups were defined by their surface pretreatment method used (n = 15): 50 μm alumina air‐particle abrasion, silica coating using 30 μm Cojet™ particles, and Zircos‐E® etching. The endocrowns were fabricated using multilayer zirconia ceramic, cemented with self‐adhesive resin cement, and subjected to 5000 thermocycles (5–55°C) before debonding. The data obtained were analyzed using a two‐way ANOVA.ResultsAll test specimens survived the thermocyclic aging. The results indicated that both the preparation design and the surface treatment had a significant impact on the resistance to debonding of the endocrowns (p < .001). The 2 mm ferrule followed by the 1 mm ferrule designs exhibited the highest debonding resistance, both were superior to the endocrown without ferrule. Zircos‐E® etching and silica coating yielded comparable debonding resistance, which were significantly higher than alumina air‐particle abrasion. All endocrowns demonstrated a favorable failure mode.ConclusionsAll designs and surface treatments showed high debonding resistance for a single restoration. However, ferrule designs with Zircos‐E® etching or silica coating may represent better clinical options compared to the nonferrule design or alumina airborne‐particle abrasion. Nonetheless, further research, including fatigue testing and evaluations with different luting agents is recommended.
Effect of patient death on referrals to cardiac specialists
Authors: Haye Sidra 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this paper, I examine how patient death affects referrals from referring physicians to cardiac surgeons. I use Medicare data to identify pairs of referring physicians and cardiac surgeons who experience a patient death after a major surgical procedure to examine how these events affect referrals. I construct counterfactuals for affected pairs using pairs that experience a patient death but five quarters in the future. I find that there is a significant decline in the number of referrals and probability of a referral from the referring physician to the cardiac surgeon after the patient's death.
Design and analysis of stochastic 5G new radio LDPC decoder using adaptive sparse quantization kernel least mean square algorithm for optical satellite communications
Authors: Krishna Priya R. , Sakhare Nitin N. , Paithane Ajay , Shekhar R. , Sabarimuthu M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA Stochastic Low‐Density Parity‐Check (LDPC) decoder is a type of 5G New Radio standard LDPC decoder that uses stochastic techniques to perform decoding. Stochastic LDPC decoding with 5G NR standard typically uses an iterative process, where messages exchanged among variable nodes (VN), check nodes multiple times. Stochastic LDPC decoders are often used in scenarios where the received signal is subject to varying levels of noise. They will provide improved error correction performance compared to traditional LDPC decoders, especially when dealing with channels with varying signal‐to‐noise ratios in 5G networks. Using the adaptive sparse quantization kernel least mean square algorithm (SLDPC‐ASQ‐KLMSA), this paper proposes an area‐efficient architecture design for a stochastic LDPC decoder. The LDPC code (2048, 1723) is taken from the LOGBASE‐T standard and used in this study. We examine the ASQ‐KLMSA connection effects. Starting with the VN. It makes checking node functioning easier and reduces inter‐connect complexity by capping extrinsic message length at 2 bits. Because of the simplified check node operation in ASQ‐KLMSA, the decoder nodes must exchange messages with a greater degree of accuracy. The 3–3 input grouping sub‐node of the degree‐6 VN was changed with an adder‐based 5–1 input grouping sub‐node for the (2048, 1723) code in order to get more accurate results when the check‐to‐variable messages aren't strong enough. A suggested decoder architecture was determined using a stochastic LDPC decoder developed for TSMC 65 nm process (2048, 1723). Bite error rate, throughput, mean square error, latency, power, and area usage are some of the metrics used to evaluate the effectiveness of the SLDPC‐ASQ‐KLMSA algorithm that has been suggested and implemented in Python. Thus, the proposed approach has attained 34.44%, and 38.39% low mean square error while compared with the existing methods such as higher‐performance stochastic LDPC decoder architecture designed through correlation analysis (HP‐SLDPC‐CA), Higher Throughput and Hardware Efficient Hybrid LDPC Decoder Utilizing Bit‐Serial Stochastic Updating(HLDPC‐BSSU), Flexible FPGA‐Based Stochastic Decoder for 5G LDPC codes (FPGA‐SD‐5G‐LDPC), respectively.
Implementing CLIL Innovation in a Collaborative Teacher Education Ecosystem
Authors: Zhu Yan , Peng Bo , Shu Dingfang , Newton Jonathan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper reports on the implementation of a 6‐month collaborative teacher education project (CTEP) in China, designed to help teachers adopt CLIL in response to new primary school curriculum requirements. A multi‐site case study was conducted to track two focal teachers' changes in CLIL implementation and its sustainability. Adopting ecological theory, the study investigated how teachers' interactions with university‐based, district‐based, and school‐based teacher educators in the project contributed to their professional development. Our research focused on an innovative dimension of the project, namely, close collaboration among university researchers, teacher educators, and primary teachers who all contributed to the CTEP ecosystem. Data collection involved semi‐structured interviews at the pre‐stage, while‐stage, post‐stage, and delayed post‐stages of the project, classroom observation notes, lesson study minutes, field notes, informal exchanges, and project documents. Our data analysis revealed that although both teachers had a positive attitude towards CLIL, they exhibited different trajectories of changes in their pedagogical practices. The teachers' interactions with teacher educators within and across the four sub‐contexts in the CTEP ecosystem played a significant role in their professional development. Notably, the school‐based teacher educators contributed by establishing a collaborative teaching study group (TSG) that ensured sustainable professional development for the teachers. The findings of this study have important implications for educational policymaking and for designing and implementing collaborative teacher education programmes that offer an alternative to traditional top‐down modes of language teacher professional development.