bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DNA mobility shift assay as a tool for the detection of anti‐dsDNA antibodies in sera from discoid lupus erythematosus patients
Authors: KEYHANI Jacqueline , AHADI Mashallah , KEYHANI Ezzatollah , NARAGHI Zahra , SHAMOHAMMADI Safar 
Published: April 2012

AbstractDiscoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) is a form of local inflammatory autoimmune disease limited to the skin, involving essentially the face, scalp and ear. DLE occurs in genetically predisposed individuals, sunlight being an identified trigger. Diagnosis is made by clinical examination and histopathology; laboratory tests occasionally performed include anti‐nuclear antibodies titers and presence of circulating antibodies against dsDNA. DLE patients have about a 10% chance of developing systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a systemic inflammatory autoimmune disease affecting a range of internal organs. Although elevated titers of anti‐dsDNA antibodies is an earmark for lupus disease, they are detected in only 20–55% of DLE patients by routine laboratory tests such as enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In this research, we applied an electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) in parallel with an ELISA for the detection of circulating anti‐dsDNA in DLE patients. The assays were conducted on sera as well as on the immunoglobulin G fraction from sera of 24 DLE patients and of 24 healthy individuals. The EMSA was positive for all DLE patients while the ELISA was positive for only 36% of them; both assays were negative for the healthy individuals. EMSA conducted on the sera of 15 patients with lichen planus was negative in all cases. Results suggest that the EMSA is more sensitive than the routine tests used for the detection of anti‐dsDNA in DLE, thus helping to improve early detection of the disease and, by extension, to better evaluate the factors triggering the disease.
Non‐Helicobacter pylori gastritis is common among paediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Genta R. M. , Sonnenberg A. 
Published: April 2012

SummaryBackgroundHelicobacter‐negative gastritis and duodenitis occur more often in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) than in non‐IBD controls. Preliminary evidence suggests that they are particularly common among children.AimTo study the age‐specific occurrence of gastritis and duodenitis among paediatric IBD patients.MethodsFrom a computerised database of surgical pathology reports, we selected 344 IBD patients and 4241 non‐IBD controls between the age 0 and 21 years, who underwent colonoscopy and oesophago‐gastro‐duodenoscopy with biopsy results from both procedures.ResultsHelicobacter‐negative chronic active gastritis was found in 2% of controls and 20% of IBD patients (Crohn's disease (CD) 26%, ulcerative colitis (UC) 13%). Duodenitis was found in 2% of controls and 17% of IBD patients (Crohn's disease 28%, UC 8%). Similar prevalence rates were observed in male and female patients. The most striking age‐specific patterns were seen in Crohn's disease, with chronic active gastritis being highest in the 5–9 years age‐group and declining in all subsequent age‐groups. The age‐specific rise and fall of duodenitis appeared more protracted, reaching a peak at age 10–14 years and then gradually declining.ConclusionsHelicobacter‐negative gastritis and duodenitis occur significantly more often in paediatric IBD patients than in non‐IBD controls, as well as in adult IBD patients. Such upper gastrointestinal inflammation appears to be particularly common in patients with Crohn's disease.
Monitoring neutrophils and platelets during casein‐induced anaphylaxis in an experimental BALB/c mouse model
Authors: Krishnamurthy D. , Starkl P. , Szalai K. , Roth‐Walter F. , Diesner S. C. , Mittlboeck M. , Mannhalter C. , Untersmayr E. , Jensen‐Jarolim E. 
Published: April 2012

SummaryBackgroundWith respect to the cellular players, mast cells and basophils have been well studied in experimental murine systemic anaphylaxis models, but the role of neutrophils and platelets is not fully understood today.ObjectiveWe tested the hypothesis that neutrophils and platelets might participate in an antigen‐induced anaphylaxis model.MethodsBALB/c mice were sensitized intraperitoneally with alum‐adsorbed casein. A period of 2 weeks later, mice were challenged with 100 μg casein intravenously and immediate hypersensitivity reactions were assessed by rectal temperature measurements and monitoring the physical activity. Subsequently, leucocytes were counted in the peripheral blood as well as quantified in situ in typical shock organs like lung, liver and spleen, heart and kidney.ResultsMice sensitized with casein showed casein‐specific IgG1, IgE, and IgG2a. When sensitized mice were specifically challenged with casein they developed immediate hypersensitivity reactions including drop of temperature and reduced activity. Furthermore, pronounced peripheral neutropenia and reduced platelet counts correlated with the severity of the hypersensitivity reactions. In the histological analyses of collected tissues we observed lung interstitial neutrophilia using Gr‐1 staining. These events occurred specifically in mice sensitized and challenged with casein, in contrast to control groups.ConclusionsOn the basis of our data we suggest that in addition to mast cells and basophils, neutrophils and platelets participate in the anaphylactic response in this BALB/c mouse model. Platelet and neutrophils expressing relevant immunoglobulin receptors may therefore have a synergistic effect with allergen specific IgE as well as IgG antibodies in food‐induced anaphylaxis. We suggest that management of these cells could be of clinical importance to handle anaphylaxis.
‘Omics’‐driven discoveries in prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Gjesing Anette P. , Pedersen Oluf 
Published: April 2012

Eur J Clin Invest 2012; 42 (6): 579–588AbstractGlucose‐based methods are currently gold standards for identifying individuals at risk of type 2 diabetes. Obviously, these methods only consider one of many pathologies of impaired glucose metabolism and they all suffer from a poor specificity as type 2 diabetes risk assessment tools. Recently, however, panels of multiple biomarkers reflecting several pre‐diabetic pathologies have been developed. Their specificity and potentials for future risk stratification are discussed. As a multifactorial disorder type 2 diabetes calls for a multifactorial treatment approach targeting multiple but modifiable vascular risk factors. The same holds for pre‐diabetic states and prevention hereof. In addition, type 2 diabetes and pre‐diabetes show major heterogeneity between affected individuals in pathology, risk of organ damages, progression rate and responsiveness to treatment or prevention. Despite the heterogeneity and uniqueness of type 2 diabetes and pre‐diabetes most affected individuals are currently offered interventions as if they all have the same disease or risk of disease and will respond similarly. The complex origin and course of type 2 diabetes combined with uniformity and non‐specificity of current interventions may explain the high rate of treatment failures and the relative poor prognosis of many diabetes patients. Given this situation, the present review also explores the perspectives of selected examples within applied genomics and metagenomics for improving patient care by facilitating interventions tailored to specific subpopulations.
Microsatellite DNA analysis and hydrodynamic modelling reveal the extent of larval transport and gene flow between management zones in an exploited marine fish (Glaucosoma hebraicum)
Authors: BERRY OLIVER , ENGLAND PHILLIP , FAIRCLOUGH DAVID , JACKSON GARY , GREENWOOD JIM 
Published: April 2012

AbstractDetermining the extent of dispersal in exploited marine fishes is essential for understanding their population dynamics and optimising management. The West Australian dhufish, Glaucosoma hebraicum, is a highly sought‐after, large and long‐lived reef‐dwelling species, endemic to south‐western Australia. Stock assessments indicate that this indicator species is overexploited. The fishery is managed using a zone‐based system, which implicitly assumes a high degree of demographic independence among zones. While tagging studies indicate limited movement of adult G. hebraicum, there is no understanding of the spatial scale of dispersal of its larvae and thus the true extent of interdependence of management zones. We analysed 13 microsatellite DNA loci to characterise the extent of gene flow, and conducted particle tracking simulations to model larval transport in this species. Genetic data demonstrated that some local recruitment was likely, but that on a broad scale gene flow between the management zones was extensive, and the entire fishery represents a single genetic stock. Hydrodynamic modelling predicted that the majority of dhufish larvae recruit from within the management zone where they are spawned, and that inter‐annual variation in current velocities has limited effect on the extent of larval transport. Because management zones are likely to be largely independent in terms of both larval and adult recruitment, heavy localised fishing pressure has the potential to reduce the abundance and reproductive capacity of this species in highly fished areas, but it should have limited impact on neutral genetic diversity.
Global environmental change and the biology of heritage structures
Authors: Viles Heather A. , Cutler Nick A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWhilst global environmental change in the 21st century will undoubtedly have direct impacts on built heritage, it will also have important indirect effects through its influence on microbial, plant and animal life on heritage sites. Environmental change will affect both the structure of biotic communities and the function of such communities. Both impacts will, in turn, influence the deterioration and conservation of heritage sites. Changes in precipitation will exert a major, but as yet poorly understood, control on heritage biotas, whilst changes in atmospheric composition may also be important. Climatic changes will cause range shifts for some taxa, further influencing community composition. Whilst there are many unknowns, making prediction difficult, some scenarios can be proposed based on ecological response to stress and disturbance. This approach indicates some ‘hotspots’ at risk of experiencing dramatic shifts in biotic communities and their impacts, which may switch from biodeteriogenic to bioprotective or vice versa. Such hotspots include vulnerable sandstone and limestone heritage structures in areas of the Mediterranean, Middle East, Caribbean and Southern Africa.
Interleukin 1 gene cluster SNPs (rs1800587, rs1143634) influences post‐orthodontic root resorption in endodontic and their contralateral vital control teeth differently
Authors: Iglesias‐Linares A. , Yañez‐Vico R. M. , Ballesta S. , Ortiz‐Ariza E. , Mendoza‐Mendoza A. , Perea E. , Solano‐Reina E. 
Published: April 2012

Iglesias‐Linares A, Yañez‐Vico RM, Ballesta S, Ortiz‐Ariza E, Mendoza‐Mendoza A, Perea E, Solano‐Reina E.Interleukin 1 gene cluster SNPs (rs1800587, rs1143634) influences post‐orthodontic root resorption in endodontic and their contralateral vital control teeth differently.International Endodontic Journal, 45, 1018–1026, 2012.AbstractAim To investigate whether the genetic variants of the interleukin‐1 gene cluster (IL1) are associated with a possible genetically induced variability in post‐orthodontic external apical root resorption (EARR) in root filled teeth and their control counterparts with vital pulps.Methodology One hundred and forty‐six maxillary premolars were evaluated radiographically following orthodontic treatment. Genetic screening was performed on orthodontic patients for two single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs: rs1800587 and rs1143634) in theIL1gene cluster. Subjects were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of radiographic post‐orthodontic EARR (>2 mm) in root filled teeth and their controls with vital pulps. Logistic regression analysis was performed to obtain an adjusted estimation between EARR andIL1polymorphisms. Allelic frequencies, genotype distributions, and adjusted odds ratio (OR), at 95% confidence interval, were also calculated.Results Whilst no clear statistical association was found for gene variations inIL1A, a sound association was found in the comparative analysis of subjects homozygous [2/2(TT)] for theIL1Bgene, which resulted in a two times increased risk of suffering post‐orthodontic EARR in root filled teeth [OR, 2.032 (P = 0.031); CI,1.99–14.77] when compared with their controls with vital pulps. There was, however, a shared predisposition to EARR in controls with vital pulps and root filled teeth of subjects homozygous for allele 1 [OR, 5.05 (P = 0.002)] and [OR, 2.77 (P = 0.037)], respectively.Conclusions Genetic variations in the interleukin‐1β gene (rs1143634) predispose root filled teeth to EARR for matched pairs secondary to orthodontic treatment in a different way from their control teeth with vital pulps in subjects homozygous for allele 2 [2/2(TT)].
Expressive writing in early breast cancer survivors
Authors: Craft Melissa A. , Davis Gail C. , Paulson René M. 
Published: April 2012

craft m.a., davis g.c. & paulson r.m. (2012) Expressive writing in early breast cancer survivors. Journal of Advanced Nursing69(2), 305–315. doi: 10.1111/j.1365‐2648.2012.06008.x.AbstractAims.  This article is the report of a study aimed at determining whether or not expressive writing improves the quality‐of‐life of early breast cancer survivors. An additional aim is the investigation of whether or not the type of writing prompt makes a difference in results.Background.  The risk of distress can extend well beyond the time of a breast cancer diagnosis. Emotional expression may assist in dealing with this.Design.  Randomized controlled study.Methods.  Participants (n = 120) were randomized into one of four groups: a control group (no writing) or one of three expressive writing groups: breast cancer trauma, any self‐selected trauma and facts related to breast cancer. Participants wrote 20 minutes a day for 4 consecutive days. Their quality‐of‐life was measured, using the ‘Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐Breast Cancer Version’, at baseline and at 1 month and 6 months after writing. Paired t‐tests, multivariate analysis of variance and multiple regression were used to analyse the data of the 97 participants who completed the journaling assignment and at least the first assessment, collected in 2006. Intention‐to‐treat analysis was used.Results/findings.  Expressive writing about one’s breast cancer, breast cancer trauma and facts related to breast cancer, significantly improved the quality‐of‐life outcome.Conclusion.  Expressive writing, focusing the instructions on writing about one’s living and dealing with a diagnosis of breast cancer, is recommended for early breast cancer survivors as a feasible and easily implemented treatment approach to improve quality‐of‐life.
In vitro glucuronidation of the angiotensin II receptor antagonist telmisartan in the cat: a comparison with other species
Authors: EBNER T , SCHÄNZLE G , WEBER W , SENT U , ELLIOTT J 
Published: April 2012

Ebner, T., Schänzle, G., Weber, W., Sent, U., Elliott, J. In vitro glucuronidation of the angiotensin II receptor antagonist telmisartan in the cat: a comparison with other species. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 36, 154–160.Glucuronidation of telmisartan comprises nearly its entire metabolic clearance in several mammalian species including human. However, data were lacking for the cat, a species noted for its inability to glucuronidate some drugs. Therefore, the glucuronidation of telmisartan was investigated using feline liver microsomes and compared to liver microsomes of rats, dogs, and human, intestinal human microsomes and cell lines expressing human UDP‐glucuronosyltransferases (UGT). Incubation of telmisartan with cat liver microsomes readily yielded telmisartan glucuronide, and pooled (N = 3 for each gender) cat liver microsomes even showed the highest glucuronidation rate (cat > dog >> human > rat). Michaelis Menten kinetics were observed with Km of 7.5 and 10 μm and Vmax of 3.9 and 3.3 nmol/min/mg for male and female cats, respectively. Confirming the in vitro data, telmisartan glucuronide was detected as the major circulating metabolite in cat plasma. To elucidate which UGT enzymes are involved, telmisartan was incubated with cell lines expressing human UGTs. The highest glucuronidation activity was observed for UGT1A8, UGT1A7, and UGT1A9. In conclusion, telmisartan was effectively glucuronidated in cats. Defects of the UGT1A6 gene in cats do not affect the glucuronidation of telmisartan as it is not a substrate of human UGT1A6.
The successful introduction of the alpine marmot Marmota marmota in the Pyrenees, Iberian Peninsula, Western Europe
Authors: Barrio Isabel C. , Herrero Juan , Bueno C. Guillermo , López Bernat C. , Aldezabal Arantza , Campos‐Arceiz Ahimsa , García‐González Ricardo 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The introduction of non‐native species can pose environmental and economic risks, but under some conditions, introductions can serve conservation or recreational objectives. To minimize risks, introductions should be conducted following the International Union for Conservation of Nature's guidelines and should include an initial assessment and a follow‐up.
In 1948, to reduce the predation pressure on Pyrenean chamois Rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica by golden eagles Aquila chrysaetos, the alpine marmot Marmota marmota was introduced to the Pyrenees in Western Europe. In successive introductions, about 500 marmots were released, but the fate of the released animals and their impacts on the environment remain largely unstudied.
The aim of this study was to assess the success of the introduction of the alpine marmot into the Pyrenees, 60 years after the initial release, and the potential impacts of this species on Pyrenean ecosystems.
We reviewed what is known about the marmot populations introduced to the Pyrenees and other populations within their native range in the Alps, particularly in terms of population structure and dynamics, habitat use and potential environmental impacts.
The alpine marmot is widely distributed and, apparently, well established in the Pyrenees. Population structure and demographic parameters are similar within and outside the historical distribution range of the species, and habitat suitability is one of the main reasons for the species' success in the Pyrenees. Few researchers have investigated the impacts of alpine marmots in the Pyrenees; thus, those impacts have to be inferred from those observed in the species' native range or in other species of marmot. Introduced alpine marmots are likely to impact on Pyrenean grasslands through grazing and burrowing, have the potential to alter Pyrenean food webs and could act as vectors of parasites and disease.
Although the introduction of the alpine marmot in the Pyrenees appears to have been successful, more needs to be known about the effects of the established populations on the environment before informed management actions can be taken in the Pyrenees.
Selection of nematodes by resistant plants has implications for local adaptation and cross‐virulence
Authors: Fournet S. , Kerlan M. C. , Renault L. , Dantec J. P. , Rouaux C. , Montarry J. 
Published: April 2012

The variability of resistance durability in different potato genotypes harbouring the same resistance QTL but differing by their genetic background was explored. The indirect consequences of the resistance adaptation in terms of local (i.e. genotype‐specific) adaptation and cross‐virulence was also investigated. Following the virulence of the potato cyst nematode Globodera pallida in a long‐term experimental evolution protocol, the results showed that nematode populations were able to adapt to the resistance of four potato genotypes carrying the QTL GpaV from Solanum vernei, and that the plant genetic background has an impact upon the durability of resistance. The pattern of local adaptation observed here indicates that divergent selection has occurred during the experimental evolution performed from the same initial nematode population, and revealed a trade‐off between the adaptation to a resistant potato genotype and the adaptation to another resistant genotype differing in its genetic background. In terms of cross‐virulence between potato genotypes derived from different resistance sources (S. sparsipilum and S. spegazzinii), this study shows that the adaptation to resistance QTL GpaVvrn does not necessarily allow the adaptation to collinear GpaV loci. The results presented here could be useful for predicting evolution of nematode populations in natural agro‐ecosystems and identifying durable strategies for resistance deployment.
Modified C‐Reactive Protein Selectively Binds to Immunoglobulins
Authors: Boncler M. , Dudzińska D. , Nowak J. , Watała C. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractModified C‐reactive protein (mCRP) has been reported to non‐specifically bind to immunoglobulins; notwithstanding, the nature of these interactions is not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the binding of antibodies directed against HSA and IgG to mCRP, fibrinogen (Fg), IgG, fibronectin (Fn) and C1q and its contaminants. We also studied the binding of mCRP to the antibodies directed towards receptors involved in CRP signalling (anti‐CD32, anti‐CD16). For the analysis of such interactions, a combination of ELISA and Western immunoblotting has been applied. The tested antibodies powerfully bound to either the contaminations of purified proteins (Fg, IgG, Fn and mCRP) or interacted directly with some of these proteins (C1q, mCRP, Fg). The effectiveness of anti‐HSA binding to immobilized proteins was influenced by the antigenic specificity of the antibody, the content of various protein fractions in the contaminants of a given protein (albumin augmented the interactions), overall protein purity and a natural avidity of a given protein towards immunoglobulins. The relative binding of anti‐HSA or anti‐IgG to immobilized mCRP was considerably lower than that observed for plasma proteins. Furthermore, the strength of the direct interaction between immunoglobulins and mCRP varied from the lack of response (anti‐HSA) or a negligible response (anti‐IgG) to the relatively high signal (human IgG, anti‐CD16, anti‐CD32), as compared to the control. Based on these observations, we conclude that the binding of mCRP to immunoglobulins cannot be easily generalized as a kind of some universal phenomenon.
Downregulation of CD94/NKG2A Inhibitory Receptor on Decreased γδ T Cells in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Wang L. , Kang N. , Zhou J. , Guo Y. , Zhang X. , Cui L. , Ba D. , He W. 
Published: April 2012

Abstractγδ T cells are characterized by recognizing conserved endogenous and stress‐induced antigens without antigen presentation. It has been show that γδ T cells play an important role in anti‐tumour/microbe responses, but their function in autoimmune diseases is yet not clear. Here, we reported the quantity and phenotype of peripheral blood γδ T cells from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Both the percentages of γδ T cells in peripheral blood and among CD3+ T cells of patients with SLE were significantly decreased, regardless of disease activity. However, activating marker CD69 and HLA‐DR was upregulated, while inhibiting receptor CD94/NKG2A was downregulated in γδ T cells of patients with SLE. The expression of CD69 is negatively correlated with the quantity of γδ T cells. Moreover, the expression of CD94/NKG2A remained low even with antigen stimulation on those γδ T cells. Our results suggested that the low expression level of CD94/NKG2A upon γδ T cell activation might lead to the over‐activation of γδ T cells in patients with SLE. These findings will be useful in elucidating the roles of γδ T cells in SLE pathogenesis.