bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mixture effects of prenatal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers on urinary oxidative stress biomarkers in the Chemicals in Our Bodies Cohort
Authors: Sehgal Neha , Morello-Frosch Rachel , Padula Amy M , DeMicco Erin , Wang Yunzhu , Smith Sabrina , Park June-Soo , Milne Ginger L , Woodruff Tracey J , Eick Stephanie M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) exposure is associated with preterm birth. Laboratory studies suggest that PBDEs lead to elevated oxidative stress, a known contributor to preterm birth in epidemiologic studies. We hypothesized that elevated levels of PBDEs would be associated with increased oxidative stress during human pregnancy. Participants in this analysis were enrolled in the Chemicals in Our Bodies cohort and resided in the San Francisco Bay Area (N=201). Four PBDEs (BDE-47, -99, -100, -153) were measured in second trimester serum. Urinary oxidative stress biomarkers were measured at two timepoints (second and third trimester) and included 8-isoprostane-prostaglandin-F2α [8-iso-PGF2α], 2,3-dinor-5,6-dihydro-8-iso-PGF2α, 2,3-dinor-8-iso-PGF2α, and prostaglandin-F2α [PGF2α]. Associations between individual PBDEs and oxidative stress biomarkers (averaged and trimester specific) were examined using linear regression. Quantile g-computation and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were used to assess cumulative effects of PBDEs. Quantile g-computation showed that higher concentrations of PBDEs were associated with increasing 8-iso-PGF2α, 2,3-dinor-8-iso-PGF2α, and PGF2α. Associations were greatest in magnitude for second trimester levels of 2,3-dinor-8-iso-PGF2α (mean change per quartile increase=0.25, 95% confidence interval=0.09, 0.41). Associations were similar using BKMR and linear regression. Our findings suggest that oxidative stress may be a plausible biological pathway by which PBDE exposure might lead to preterm birth.
Development of a rural–urban classification system for public health research that accommodates structural differences between states
Authors: Erly Steven , Mocha Claire M , Amiya Rachel M , Glick Sara N 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Rural environments in the United States present challenges to wellness, but there is a lack of tools with which to categorize rurality at the subcounty level. The most common tool, the Food and Drug Administration’s 2010 Rural–Urban Commuting Area (RUCA) codes, uses data that are over a decade old and cannot accommodate regional differences in rurality. The purpose of this study was to develop a census-tract classification system of rurality and demonstrate its use in describing HIV outcomes. We transformed census-tract measures (population density, natural resource workforce, walkability index, household type, and air quality) into local scales of rurality using factor analysis. We surveyed public health practitioners to determine cutpoints and compared the resulting categorization with RUCA codes. We characterized the incidence of HIV in Washington State according to rurality category. Our classification system categorized 25% of census tracts as rural, 19% as periurban, and 56% as urban. Our survey yielded cutoffs that were more conservative in categorizing urban areas than RUCA codes. The rate of HIV diagnosis was substantially higher in urban areas. Our rural–urban classification system offers an alternative to RUCA codes that is more responsive to regional differences.
Neighborhood-level fatal police violence and severe maternal morbidity in California
Authors: Hailu Elleni M , Riddell Corinne A , Tucker Curisa , Ahern Jennifer , Bradshaw Patrick T , Carmichael Suzan L , Mujahid Mahasin S 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Police violence is a pervasive issue that may have adverse implications for severe maternal morbidity (SMM). We assessed how the occurrence of fatal police violence (FPV) in one’s neighborhood before or during pregnancy may influence SMM risk. Hospital discharge records from California between 2002 and 2018 were linked with the Fatal Encounters database (n = 2 608 682). We identified 2184 neighborhoods (census tracts) with at least 1 FPV incident during the study period and used neighborhood fixed-effects models adjusting for individual sociodemographic characteristics to estimate odds of SMM associated with experiencing FPV in one’s neighborhood anytime within the 24 months before childbirth. We did not find conclusive evidence on the link between FPV occurrence before delivery and SMM. However, estimates show that birthing people residing in neighborhoods where 1 or more FPV events had occurred within the preceding 24 months of giving birth may have mildly elevated odds of SMM than those residing in the same neighborhoods with no FPV occurrence during the 24 months preceding childbirth (odds ratio [OR] = 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.99-1.05), particularly among those living in neighborhoods with fewer FPV incidents (1-2) throughout the study period (OR = 1.03; 95% CI, 1.00-1.06). Our findings provide evidence for the need to continue to examine the population health consequences of police violence.
Visual periodicity reveals distinct attentional signatures for face and non-face categories
Authors: Quek Genevieve L , de Heering Adélaïde 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Observers can selectively deploy attention to regions of space, moments in time, specific visual features, individual objects, and even specific high-level categories—for example, when keeping an eye out for dogs while jogging. Here, we exploited visual periodicity to examine how category-based attention differentially modulates selective neural processing of face and non-face categories. We combined electroencephalography with a novel frequency-tagging paradigm capable of capturing selective neural responses for multiple visual categories contained within the same rapid image stream (faces/birds in Exp 1; houses/birds in Exp 2). We found that the pattern of attentional enhancement and suppression for face-selective processing is unique compared to other object categories: Where attending to non-face objects strongly enhances their selective neural signals during a later stage of processing (300–500 ms), attentional enhancement of face-selective processing is both earlier and comparatively more modest. Moreover, only the selective neural response for faces appears to be actively suppressed by attending towards an alternate visual category. These results underscore the special status that faces hold within the human visual system, and highlight the utility of visual periodicity as a powerful tool for indexing selective neural processing of multiple visual categories contained within the same image sequence.
Dependence of rhythmic activity and oddball effects in the rat cortex on the depth of sedation during dissociative anesthesia
Authors: Belov Dmitry , Fesenko Zoia , Lakstygal Anton , Efimov Andrey , Tikhonravov Dmitry 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The reactions to novelty manifesting in mismatch negativity in the rat brain were studied. During dissociative anesthesia, mismatch negativity–like waves were recorded from the somatosensory cortex using an epidural 32-electrode array. Experimental animals: 7 wild-type Wistar rats and 3 transgenic rats. During high-dose anesthesia, deviant 1,500 Hz tones were presented randomly among many standard 1,000 Hz tones in the oddball paradigm. “Deviant minus standard_before_deviant” difference waves were calculated using both the classical method of Naatanen and method of cross-correlation of sub-averages. Both methods gave consistent results: an early phasic component of the N40 and later N100 to 200 (mismatch negativity itself) tonic component. The gamma and delta rhythms power and the frequency of down-states (suppressed activity periods) were assessed. In all rats, the amplitude of tonic component grew with increasing sedation depth. At the same time, a decrease in gamma power with a simultaneous increase in delta power and the frequency of down-states. The earlier phasic frontocentral component is associated with deviance detection, while the later tonic one over the auditory cortex reflects the orienting reaction. Under anesthesia, this slow mismatch negativity–like wave most likely reflects the tendency of the system to respond to any influences with delta waves, K-complexes and down-states, or produce them spontaneously.
Reduced gyrification in fetal growth restriction with prenatal magnetic resonance images
Authors: Yehuda Bossmat , Rabinowich Aviad , Zilberman Ayala , Wexler Yair , Haratz Karina Krajden , Miller Elka , Sira Liat Ben , Hiersch Liran , Bashat Dafna Ben 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Placental-related fetal growth restriction, resulting from placental dysfunction, impacts 3–5% of pregnancies and is linked to elevated risk of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. In response, the fetus employs a mechanism known as brain-sparing, redirecting blood flow to the cerebral circuit, for adequate supply to the brain. In this study we aimed to quantitatively evaluate disparities in gyrification and brain volumes among fetal growth restriction, small for gestational age and appropriate-for gestational-age fetuses. Additionally, we compared fetal growth restriction fetuses with and without brain-sparing. The study encompassed 106 fetuses: 35 fetal growth restriction (14 with and 21 without brain-sparing), 8 small for gestational age, and 63 appropriate for gestational age. Gyrification, supratentorial, and infratentorial brain volumes were automatically computed from T2-weighted magnetic resonance images, following semi-automatic brain segmentation. Fetal growth restriction fetuses exhibited significantly reduced gyrification and brain volumes compared to appropriate for gestational age (P &lt; 0.001). Small for gestational age fetuses displayed significantly reduced gyrification (P = 0.038) and smaller supratentorial volume (P &lt; 0.001) compared to appropriate for gestational age. Moreover, fetal growth restriction fetuses with BS demonstrated reduced gyrification compared to those without BS (P = 0.04), with no significant differences observed in brain volumes. These findings demonstrate that brain development is affected in fetuses with fetal growth restriction, more severely than in small for gestational age, and support the concept that vasodilatation of the fetal middle cerebral artery reflects more severe hypoxemia, affecting brain development.
Who takes the lead in consumer choices within romantic relationships: the evidence from electroencephalography hyperscanning and granger causality analysis
Authors: Zhong Yifei , Zhang Ye , Zhang Chenyu , Liu Jingyue , Wang He , Liu Yingjie 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In real-life scenarios, joint consumption is common, particularly influenced by social relationships such as romantic ones. However, how romantic relationships affect consumption decisions and determine dominance remains unclear. This study employs electroencephalography hyperscanning to examine the neural dynamics of couples during joint-consumption decisions. Results show that couples, compared to friends and strangers, prefer healthier foods, while friends have significantly faster reaction times when selecting food. Time–frequency analysis indicates that couples exhibit significantly higher theta power, reflecting deeper emotional and cognitive involvement. Strangers show greater beta1 power, indicating increased cognitive effort and alertness due to unfamiliarity. Friends demonstrate higher alpha2 power when choosing unhealthy foods, suggesting increased cognitive inhibition. Inter-brain phase synchrony analysis reveals that couples display significantly higher inter-brain phase synchrony in the beta1 and theta bands across the frontal–central, parietal, and occipital regions, indicating more coordinated cognitive processing and stronger emotional bonds. Females in couples may be more influenced by emotions during consumption decisions, with detailed sensory information processing, while males exhibit higher cognitive control and spatial integration. Granger-causality analysis shows a pattern of male dominance and female dependence in joint consumption within romantic relationships. This study highlights gender-related neural synchronous patterns during joint consumption among couples, providing insights for further research in consumer decision-making.
Novel formylpeptide receptor 1/2 agonist limits hypertension-induced cardiovascular damage
Authors: Singh Jaideep , Jackson Kristy L , Fang Haoyun , Gumanti Audrey , Claridge Bethany , Tang Feng Shii , Kiriazis Helen , Salimova Ekaterina , Parker Alex M , Nowell Cameron , Woodman Owen L , Greening David W , Ritchie Rebecca H , Head Geoffrey A , Qin Cheng Xue 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Aims
Formylpeptide receptors (FPRs) play a critical role in the regulation of inflammation, an important driver of hypertension-induced end-organ damage. We have previously reported that the biased FPR small-molecule agonist, compound17b (Cmpd17b), is cardioprotective against acute, severe inflammatory insults. Here, we reveal the first compelling evidence of the therapeutic potential of this novel FPR agonist against a longer-term, sustained inflammatory insult, i.e. hypertension-induced end-organ damage. The parallels between the murine and human hypertensive proteome were also investigated.

Methods and results
The hypertensive response to angiotensin II (Ang II, 0.7 mg/kg/day, s.c.) was attenuated by Cmpd17b (50 mg/kg/day, i.p.). Impairments in cardiac and vascular function assessed via echocardiography were improved by Cmpd17b in hypertensive mice. This functional improvement was accompanied by reduced cardiac and aortic fibrosis and vascular calcification. Cmpd17b also attenuated Ang II-induced increased cardiac mitochondrial complex 2 respiration. Proteomic profiling of cardiac and aortic tissues and cells, using label-free nano-liquid chromatography with high-sensitivity mass spectrometry, detected and quantified ∼6000 proteins. We report hypertension-impacted protein clusters associated with dysregulation of inflammatory, mitochondrial, and calcium responses, as well as modified networks associated with cardiovascular remodelling, contractility, and structural/cytoskeletal organization. Cmpd17b attenuated hypertension-induced dysregulation of multiple proteins in mice, and of these, ∼110 proteins were identified as similarly dysregulated in humans suffering from adverse aortic remodelling and cardiac hypertrophy.

Conclusion
We have demonstrated, for the first time, that the FPR agonist Cmpd17b powerfully limits hypertension-induced end-organ damage, consistent with proteome networks, supporting development of pro-resolution FPR-based therapeutics for treatment of systemic hypertension complications.
Impact of the use of small-area models on estimation of attributable mortality at a regional level
Authors: Rey-Brandariz Julia , Santiago-Pérez María I , Candal-Pedreira Cristina , Varela-Lema Leonor , Ruano-Ravina Alberto , López-Vizcaíno Esther , Guerra-Tort Carla , Ahluwalia Jasjit S , Montes Agustín , Pérez-Ríos Mónica 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The objective of this study is to assess the impact of applying prevalences derived from a small-area model at a regional level on smoking-attributable mortality (SAM). A prevalence-dependent method was used to estimate SAM. Prevalences of tobacco use were derived from a small-area model. SAM and population attributable fraction (PAF) estimates were compared against those calculated by pooling data from three national health surveys conducted in Spain (2011–2014–2017). We calculated the relative changes between the two estimates and assessed the width of the 95% CI of the PAF. Applying surveys-based prevalences, tobacco use was estimated to cause 53 825 (95% CI: 53 182–54 342) deaths in Spain in 2017, a figure 3.8% lower obtained with the small-area model prevalences. The lowest relative change was observed in the Castile-La Mancha region (1.1%) and the highest in Navarre (14.1%). The median relative change between regions was higher for women (26.1%), population aged ≥65 years (6.6%), and cardiometabolic diseases (9.0%). The differences between PAF by cause of death were never greater than 2%. Overall, the differences between estimates of SAM, PAF, and confidence interval width are small when using prevalences from both sources. Having these data available by region will allow decision-makers to implement smoking control measures based on more accurate data.
First Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly of a Ribbon Worm from the Hoplonemertea Clade, Emplectonema gracile, and Its Structural Annotation
Authors: Valero-Gracia Alberto , Roberts Nickellaus G , Yap-Chiongco Meghan , Capucho Ana Teresa , Kocot Kevin M , Matschiner Michael , Struck Torsten H 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Genome-wide information has so far been unavailable for ribbon worms of the clade Hoplonemertea, the most species-rich class within the phylum Nemertea. While species within Pilidiophora, the sister clade of Hoplonemertea, possess a pilidium larval stage and lack stylets on their proboscis, Hoplonemertea species have a planuliform larva and are armed with stylets employed for the injection of toxins into their prey. To further compare these developmental, physiological, and behavioral differences from a genomic perspective, the availability of a reference genome for a Hoplonemertea species is crucial. Such data will be highly useful for future investigations toward a better understanding of molecular ecology, venom evolution, and regeneration not only in Nemertea but also in other marine invertebrate phyla. To this end, we herein present the annotated chromosome-level genome assembly for Emplectonema gracile (Nemertea; Hoplonemertea; Monostilifera; Emplectonematidae), an easily collected nemertean well suited for laboratory experimentation. The genome has an assembly size of 157.9 Mb. Hi-C scaffolding yielded chromosome-level scaffolds, with a scaffold N50 of 10.0 Mb and a score of 95.1% for complete BUSCO genes found as a single copy. Annotation predicted 20,684 protein-coding genes. The high-quality reference genome reaches an Earth BioGenome standard level of 7.C.Q50.
The influence of stress on the fracture and elastic properties of carbonate rocks controlled by strike-slip faults: a novel rock-physics modelling perspective
Authors: Song Yichen , Gong Fei , Zeng Lianbo , Zhang Zhaoji , Mao Zhe , Huang Cheng , Yao Yingtao , Tan Xiaolin , Lin Bo 
Published: June 2024

SUMMARY
The fine-scale fractures within strike-slip faults substantially impact the flowing capacity. However, effective methods for their characterization are still lacking, making it challenging to predict hydrocarbon accumulation patterns. In this study, we conducted microscopic statistics, ultrasonic experiments and theoretical modelling to analyse the fracture density and elastic characteristics within the strike-slip fault and investigated the impact of stress. Our findings reveal that the fracture density in the fault core is 3–4 times higher than that in the damage zone, and the acoustic velocity is 13–18 per cent lower under atmospheric pressure. With the rising confining pressure, the fracture density initially decreases rapidly and then slowly, while the acoustic velocity follows the same increasing trend. The gradually slowing trend indicates that the majority of fractures close within the range of 0–20 MPa. Moreover, the stress sensitivity of the bulk modulus is higher than that of the shear modulus. The stress sensitivity is higher in the fault core than in the damage zone, which correlates strongly with the variation in fracture density. These indicate that the stress sensitivity in the fault-controlled rock is attributed to stress-induced fracture deformation, predominantly manifested as volumetric compression deformation. During the geological evolution, differences in tectonic faulting, fluid filling and compaction within the fault zone contribute to present heterogeneity in fracture density. Finally, our research demonstrates a strong correlation between theoretical prediction results and underground logging, drilling and core data. These findings can help predict the underground fracture distribution and elastic response of carbonate reservoirs controlled by strike-slip faults.
Opt-Out Implied Licenses in Copyright Law: From Search Engines to GPAI Models
Authors: Zhang Hongjiao , Li Yahong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Traditionally, the doctrine of implied license is consistent with the default of copyright law, because it requires evidence of a clear grant. Currently, US and German courts have implicitly applied an extended doctrine of implied licenses in the search engine context: opt-out implied licenses. This article calls for legislative recognition of opt-out implied licenses and identifies the unique mechanism and independent position in copyright law. Furthermore, two criteria, i.e. efficiency and balance, are proposed to assess the applicability of the doctrine. The proposed criteria can guide legislators in crafting legal norms that the opt-out implied license applies in specific contexts. On this basis, this article makes the case that opt-out implied licenses have some implications for training general-purpose AI models (hereinafter ‘GPAI models’) using copyrighted materials and that the proposed criteria can help better design and improve the law.