bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Thermodynamic Model for Prediction of Iron Oxide Activity in Some FeO‐Containing Slag Systems
Authors: Yang Xue‐min , Shi Cheng‐bin , Zhang Meng , Zhang Jian 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA thermodynamic model for calculating the mass action concentrations of structural units in CaO–SiO2–MgO–FeO–MnO–Al2O3–CaF2 slags, i.e., the IMCT‐Ni model, has been developed based on the ion and molecule coexistence theory (IMCT). The calculated comprehensive mass action concentration of iron oxides $N_{{\rm Fe}_{t} {\rm O}} $ has been compared with the reported activity of iron oxide $a_{{\rm Fe}_{t} {\rm O}} $ in 14 FeO‐containing slag systems from literatures. The good agreement between the calculated $N_{{\rm Fe}_{t} {\rm O}} $ and reported $a_{{\rm Fe}_{t} {\rm O}} $ indicates that the developed IMCT‐Ni model can be successfully applied to predict the activity of iron oxide $a_{{\rm Fe}_{t} {\rm O}} $ as well as the slag oxidation ability of CaO–FeO (s1), SiO2–FeO (s2), CaO–SiO2–FeO (s3), CaO–FeO–Al2O3 (s4), SiO2–MgO–FeO (s5), SiO2–FeO–Al2O3 (s6), CaO–SiO2–FeO–Al2O3 (s7), CaO–SiO2–MgO–FeO–Al2O3 (s8), SiO2–FeO–MnO (s9), SiO2–FeO–MnO–Al2O3 (s10), FeO–MnO (s11), FeO–MnO–Al2O3 (s12), CaO–FeO–CaF2 (s13), and CaO–SiO2–FeO–CaF2 slags (s14) in a temperature range of 1473–1973 K.
Comparison between transvaginal sonography, saline contrast sonovaginography and magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of posterior deep infiltrating endometriosis
Authors: Saccardi C. , Cosmi E. , Borghero A. , Tregnaghi A. , Dessole S. , Litta P. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo compare clinical evaluation, transvaginal sonography (TVS), saline contrast sonovaginography (SCSV) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of posterior deep pelvic endometriosis (DPE).MethodsWomen suspected of having posterior DPE on the basis of subjective symptoms and clinical evaluation underwent digital vaginal and rectal examination, TVS, SCSV and MRI. Laparoscopy was performed and specimens were sent for histological examination. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, as well as positive and negative likelihood ratios were analyzed for each diagnostic method.ResultsFifty‐four out of 102 women suspected of having posterior DPE underwent laparoscopic surgery. Among these, in 46 (85.2%) cases DPE was confirmed at laparoscopic and histological examination. SCSV correctly identified 43 (93.5%) cases, presenting higher accuracy than did the other procedures. SCSV and MRI were more accurate in diagnosing and discriminating between the different locations of endometriotic lesions, with respective sensitivities of 94.7 and 73.1% for vaginal fornix, 88.9 and 66.7% for the uterosacral ligaments and 80.6 and 83.3% for involvement of the rectovaginal septum. The specificity of SCSV and MRI, respectively, was 97.1 and 94.3% for vaginal fornix, 95.6 and 95.6% for uterosacral ligaments and 100 and 77.8% for involvement of the rectovaginal septum. In the diagnosis of rectal endometriosis, we found a sensitivity of 66.7% for both techniques and specificity of 93.8% for SCSV and 95.8% for MRI.ConclusionTVS should be used as the first‐line diagnostic technique and SCSV and/or MRI as second‐line methods in the diagnosis of posterior DPE. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prognostic Factors for Recurrence of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma in the Lymph Nodes, Lung, and Bone: Analysis of 5,768 Patients with Average 10‐year Follow‐up
Authors: Ito Yasuhiro , Kudo Takumi , Kobayashi Kaoru , Miya Akihiro , Ichihara Kiyoshi , Miyauchi Akira 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackgroundPapillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) frequently recurs to the lymph nodes, which may not be fatal immediately but is a stressor for physicians and patients. Recurrence to the distant organs, although less frequent, is often life‐threatening, and the lung and bone are organs to which PTC is likely to recur. In the present study we investigated factors predicting recurrence of PTC to the lymph nodes, lung, and bone in a large number of patients undergoing long‐term follow‐up.MethodsA total of 5,768 PTC patients (608 males and 5,159 females) without distant metastasis at diagnosis who underwent initial surgery between 1987 and 2004 in Kuma Hospital were enrolled in this study. The postoperative follow‐up ranged from 12 to 280 months, and was 129 months (10.8 years) on average.ResultsTo date, node, lung, and bone recurrences have been detected in 389 (7%), 118 (2%), and 33 patients (0.6%), respectively, and 57 patients (1%) have died of PTC. We examined the prognostic significance of the tumor size (T), extrathyroid extension (Ex), age 55 years or older (Age), male gender (Gender), clinical node metastasis (N), and extranodal tumor extension (LN‐Ex) for each outcome on multivariate analysis. Age, Gender, T > 2 cm, N, and Ex were independent predictors of lymph node recurrence. Age, Ex, T > 2 cm, and N were independent prognostic factors for lung recurrence. Ex, T > 4 cm, and N independently predicted bone recurrence. Of these, N ≥ 3 cm had the strongest prognostic value for lymph node, lung, and bone recurrences. In contrast, Age was the strongest predictor for carcinoma death. LN‐Ex also had a prognostic value for carcinoma death, although it was not a predictor of carcinoma recurrence. Ex, N ≥ 3 cm, and T > 2 cm also had a prognostic impact on carcinoma death.ConclusionsLarge lymph node metastasis showed a strong prognostic impact on carcinoma recurrence not only to the lymph nodes but also to the lung and bone, and carcinoma death. Extrathyroid extension also independently predicted these recurrences and carcinoma death, although hazard ratios were lower than for large node metastasis. Age 55 years or older, in contrast, was the strongest predictor of carcinoma death. Extranodal tumor extension did not independently affect recurrence, but it had prognostic significance for carcinoma death. These findings suggest that recurring PTC lesions of older patients and/or extranodal tumor extensions are difficult to control and very progressive.
Not the Number but the Location of Lymph Nodes Matters for Recurrence Rate and Disease‐Free Survival in Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Authors: de Meer S. G. A. , Dauwan M. , de Keizer B. , Valk G. D. , Borel Rinkes I. H. M. , Vriens M. R. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackgroundSeveral Japanese studies have focused on identifying prognostic factors in patients with positive lymph nodes to predict recurrence rate and disease‐free survival (DFS). However, different treatment protocol is followed in Japan compared with the European and American approach. This study was designed to investigate whether the number and/or location of lymph nodes predicts prognosis in patients with DTC treated with total thyroidectomy, lymph node dissection, and postoperative radioactive iodine ablation.MethodsAll 402 patients who were treated at the Department of Nuclear Medicine between 1998 and 2010 for DTC were reviewed. Patients were treated with (near) total thyroidectomy, lymph node dissection on indication, and postoperative I‐131 ablation. Median follow‐up was 49 (range, 10–240) months. Outcome measures were recurrence rate, disease‐free survival, and mean time to recurrence.ResultsNinety‐seven patients had proven lymph node metastases. Recurrence rate was significantly higher in patients with positive lymph nodes in the lateral compartment vs. patients with lymph node metastasis in the central compartment (60 vs. 30%, p = 0.007). Disease‐free survival and mean time to recurrence also were significantly shorter (30 vs. 52 months, p = 0.035 and 7 vs. 44 months, p = 0.004, respectively). The number of lymph nodes and extranodal growth were not significantly associated with the outcome measures used.ConclusionsThe location of positive lymph nodes was significantly correlated with the risk of recurrence and a shorter DFS. Hence, the TNM criteria are useful in subdividing patients based on risk of recurrence and DFS.
Evaluation of Postoperative Radioactive Iodine Scans in Patients who Underwent Prophylactic Central Lymph Node Dissection
Authors: Laird Amanda M. , Gauger Paul G. , Miller Barbra S. , Doherty Gerard M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackgroundProphylactic central lymph node dissection (CLND) accompanying total thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) remains controversial. Our hypothesis is that CLND may help select patients who benefit from postoperative radioactive iodine (RAI).MethodsA total of 119 patients who were clinically node‐negative underwent total thyroidectomy/bilateral CLND for papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) > 1 cm during 2002–2010. Pathology results, RAI results, and outcomes were compared between node‐positive (NP) and node‐negative (NN) patients.ResultsNP and NN patients were similar in age, gender, tumor size, and MACIS score. Median number of nodes excised was six. The rate of permanent hypocalcemia was 1.7% without permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve injuries. Thirteen of 52 (25%) NN patients and 24 of 67 (36%) NP patients had suspicious nodes by intraoperative inspection. The node assessment negative predictive value was 75%; positive predictive value was 36%. Fifty‐six percent (67/118) were NP; 100 patients were treated with RAI. Fourteen of 62 NP patients had abnormal postoperative RAI scans aside from the thyroid remnant versus 4 of 38 NN patients (23 vs. 11%, p = 0.18). Median 1‐year stimulated thyroglobulin (Tg) level was 0.0 for both (range 0.0–1.2, NN; 0.0–22.7, NP; p = 0.1). NP patients received higher doses of RAI (150 vs. 30 mCi, p < 0.001). Rate of recurrent or persistent disease was 3.4%.ConclusionsFew node‐negative patients have abnormal RAI scans outside of the thyroid bed. Node‐positive patients had greater variability in stimulated 1‐year Tg levels after higher doses of RAI. CLND may identify the patients most likely to have persistently elevated stimulated Tg after initial therapy for PTC.
Racial group regard, barrier socialization, and African American adolescents’ engagement: Patterns and processes by gender
Authors: Smalls Ciara , Cooper Shauna M. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTThe current study examined gendered processes via 1) profiles of racial barrier socialization, regard for one’s racial group (private regard), and behavioral engagement and grades and, 2) gender and private regard as a moderator in the link between barrier messages and academic engagement outcomes. One‐hundred and twenty‐five African American adolescents (ages 10–14, M = 12.39, SD = 1.07) completed measures of socialization, private regard, grades and behavioral engagement. Latent Profile Analysis revealed a 2‐cluster solution fit the data best ‐ 1) High Engagement‐Race Salient (HERS) cluster and 2) Low Engagement‐Non‐Salient cluster (LENS). Girls had higher representation in the HERS cluster. When private regard was examined as a moderator, girls’ grades were unrelated to barrier socialization and private regard. In contrast, barrier socialization was associated with lower grades for low private regard boys. Findings are discussed in the context of gendered racial school contexts that African American youth must navigate to be academically successful.
Mild cognitive impairment: Disparity of incidence and prevalence estimates
Authors: Ward Alex , Arrighi H. Michael , Michels Shannon , Cedarbaum Jesse M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of conducting this study was to identify areas of concordance and sources of variation for the published rates of prevalence and incidence associated with various definitions for mild cognitive impairment (MCI).MethodsThe study used systematic review of studies published in English since 1984. Studies were identified by searching MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. Population‐based observational studies of incidence or prevalence of MCI and related terms were eligible for inclusion.ResultsA total of 3,705 citations were identified, and 42 were accepted for inclusion; 35 included data on prevalence and 13 on incidence. The following four terms predominated: age‐associated memory impairment (AAMI); cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND); MCI; and amnestic MCI (aMCI). Within each term, the operational definition varied. Substantial variation was observed for both incidence (MCI: 21.5–71.3; aMCI: 8.5–25.9 per 1,000 person‐years) and prevalence of each definition of cognitive impairment (AAMI 3.6%–38.4%; CIND 5.1%–35.9%; MCI 3%–42%; aMCI 0.5%–31.9%). CIND and MCI showed increasing prevalence among older age groups, whereas age‐specific rates of aMCI were lower and without any apparent age relationship.ConclusionsPrevalence and incidence estimates associated with MCI vary greatly both between definitions and within a definition across the 42 publications. These wide differences pose a significant challenge to our understanding of the social burden of this disease. Enhancement and standardization of operational definitions of the subtypes of cognitive impairment could improve estimates of disease burden and provide a mechanism to assist in the identification of individuals at risk for future Alzheimer's disease and other dementias.
Essentiality of HIV testing and education for effective HIV control in the national pilot harm reduction program: The Taiwan experience
Authors: Lee Hsin‐Ya , Yang Yi‐Hsin , Yu Wen‐Jing , Su Lien‐Wen , Lin Tsang‐Yaw , Chiu Hsien‐Jane , Tang Hsin‐Pei , Lin Chien‐Yang , Pan Ryh‐Nan , Li Jih‐Heng 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn 2005, a national pilot harm reduction program (PHRP), which mainly included a methadone maintenance treatment program (MMTP) and a needle/syringe exchange program (NSP), was implemented in Taiwan. We conducted this study to evaluate the effectiveness of harm reduction measures on HIV control among injecting drug users (IDUs) between PHRP and nonPHRP. The data on HIV, collected from incumbent Taiwanese authorities, were analyzed for their associations, risk and protective factors with PHRP measures. While the monthly HIV incidences did not show significant differences before and after PHRP in the four areas with PHRP (Taipei City, Taipei County, Taoyuan County and Tainan County), a significant increase in the HIV incidence was found in the 21 areas without PHRP. Hence, the implementation of the PHRP did result in a significant difference in the monthly HIV incidence between areas with and without the PHRP. Mandatory HIV testing was significantly associated with the HIV incidence according to the generalized estimation equations (GEE) model. With adjustments of time period and area with PHRP, and urban area, protective factors associated with HIV incidence were: educational materials, condoms, dilution water, and alcohol sponges/swabs. MMTP contributed to a higher HIV incidence, probably due to the concurrent HIV testing upon admission. Since HIV testing was not required in the NSP, the HIV testing‐dependent MMTP may explain the association of the PHRP intervention and an increased HIV incidence. In summary, HIV testing and education were essential for effective HIV control upon implementing the PHRP.
Primary small cell carcinoma of the lesser omentum
Authors: Feng Ji‐Feng , Guo Yi‐He , Chen Wen‐You , Chen Da‐Feng , Liu Jing 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAlthough pulmonary small cell carcinoma (SCC) is seen frequently, SCC that originates from the extrapulmonary organs is extremely rare. We herein report a case of a SCC located in the lesser omentum. A 61‐year‐old male was admitted to our department due to intermittent epigastralgia for 2 months. Ultrasonography (US) revealed an irregular hypoechoic mass measuring about 58 mm × 50 mm × 45 mm under the left lobe of the liver. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed to verify the irregular mass with T1‐ and T2‐ weighted images between the left lobe of liver and the stomach. At laparotomy, the well‐circumscribed neoplasm was found in the lesser omentum, and the fundus of the neoplasm was located in the root of left gastric artery. Intraoperative microscopic evaluation of frozen sections revealed malignancy of the lesser omentum. Resection of the neoplasm was performed, and the combined resection of the vagal nerve was also performed for the partial adhesion. Pyloroplasty was performed for avoiding delayed gastric emptying caused by combined resection of vagal nerve. The lymph nodes dissection at lesser curvature and right cardia was also performed with a negative result. Based on the histological findings, the final diagnosis of primary lesser omental SCC was confirmed. The pathologic staging showed locoregional disease.
Structural and genic characterization of stable genomic regions in breast cancer: Relevance to chemotherapy
Authors: Park Nicole I. , Rogan Peter K. , Tarnowski Heather E. , Knoll Joan H.M. 
Published: January 2012

BackgroundCancer genomes accumulate frequent and diverse chromosomal abnormalities as well as gene mutations but must maintain the ability to survive in vivo. We hypothesize that genetic selection acts to maintain tumour survival by preserving copy number of specific genes and genomic regions. Genomic regions and genes that remain unaltered in copy number and expression, respectively, may be essential for maintaining tumour survival.MethodsWe analyzed copy number data of 243 previously reported breast tumours and computationally derived stable copy number regions. To identify genes in stable copy number regions with nominal changes in expression, datasets for tumour and normal samples were compared. Results were replicated by analysis of a series of independent copy number, expression and genomic sequencing studies. A subset of stable regions, including stable paralogous regions, were confirmed by quantitative PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in 5 breast cancer cell lines. We deduced a comprehensive set of dually stable genes (i.e. maintaining nominal copy number and expression) which were categorized according to pathway and ontology assignments. The stability of genes encoding therapeutic drug targets was also assessed.Results and ConclusionTumour genome analysis revealed 766 unstable (amplified and/or deleted) and 812 stable contiguous genomic regions. Replication analysis of an independent set of 171 breast tumours confirmed copy number stability of 1.3 Gb of the genome. We found that 5804 of these genes were dually stable. The composition of this gene set remained essentially unchanged (<2% reduction) after accounting for commonly mutated breast cancer genes found by sequencing and differential expression. The stable breast cancer genome is enriched for cellular metabolism, regulation of gene expression, DNA packaging (chromatin and nucleosome assembly), and regulation of apoptosis functions. Stable genes participating in multiple essential pathways were consistently found to be targets of chemotherapies. Preservation of stable, essential genes may be related to the effectiveness of certain chemotherapeutic agents that act on multiple gene products in this set.
Prävention alkoholbezogener Störungen bei älteren Migranten. Eine cluster-randomisierte kontrollierte Studie
Authors: Bermejo Isaac , Frank Fabian , Härter Martin 
Published: January 2012

EinleitungAlkohol wird bei Migranten insbesondere ab dem 50. Lebensjahr zu einem häufigen Problem. Diese Gruppe wird aber durch alkoholbezogene Präventionsmaßnahmen nur unzulänglich erreicht. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurde am Universitätsklinikum Freiburg ein auf ältere Migranten gerichtetes transkulturelles Präventionskonzept für alkoholbezogene Störungen in einer cluster-randomisierten Studie mit n = 268 Migranten evaluiert. Akzeptanz, Bewertung und selbstangegebene Reduktion im Alkoholkonsum in der Interventionsgruppe signifikant höher. Die Berücksichtigung der Diversität bezüglich kultureller, migrationsbezogener war, soziodemographischer und sprachlicher Faktoren erhöht die Effektivität von Präventionsmaßnahmen.
Diabetesprävention: Evaluation einer evidenzbasierten Patienteninformation – randomisierte kontrollierte Studie
Authors: Genz Jutta , Haastert Burkhard , Cole Dennis , Müller Hardy , Icks Andrea 
Published: January 2012

Einleitung
Evidenzbasierte Patienteninformation (EBPI), zugeschnitten auf die Bedürfnisse der Patienten, sollte als eine wichtige Basis für „informierte Entscheidungen“ in stärkerem Maße verfügbar sein (Coulter, 1998; GMC, 2008; Steckelberg et al., 2005). Die hier berichtete Studie beinhaltete die Entwicklung und Evaluation einer EBPI zu grenzwertig erhöhten Blutzuckerspiegeln und zur Primärprävention des Diabetes.
WAGED ENTREPRENEURS, POLICED INFORMALITY: WORK, THE REGULATION OF SPACE AND THE ECONOMY OF THE ZIMBABWEAN–SOUTH AFRICAN BORDER
Authors: Bolt Maxim 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTKeen to show the fluidity of border areas, and the limits of state control, much anthropological scholarship on borders highlights arrangements, activities and opportunities that pass beneath the official radar. But while such a clandestine focus casts border dwellers as preoccupied with resisting state regulation, this article shows how Zimbabwean–South African border dwellers make the most of their location by beingvisibleto state officials, as waged farm workers. They seek agricultural jobs as a foothold in building lucrative businesses. Moreover, waged farm workforces are hubs of border trade, as workers remit goods for resale as a response to the crisis at home in Zimbabwe. The article therefore questions the wider theoretical opposition between the creative entrepreneurship of the informal economy and the drudgery of formal employment. Formal and informal modes of livelihood constitute one another, intersect and are interdependent. This article unpacks the spatial and temporal articulations between waged work and other means of making ends meet. In so doing, it suggests fixating less on the border itself as a distinctive feature, replete with smugglers and murky goings-on, and appreciating the various meanings of work in borderland economies.
Are wider surgical margins needed for early oral tongue cancer?
Authors: Iseli T A , Lin M J , Tsui A , Guiney A , Wiesenfeld D , Iseli C E 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackground:Traditionally, a 1-cm surgical resection margin is used for early oral tongue tumours.Methods:All tumour stage one (n = 65) and stage two (n = 13) oral tongue cancers treated between January 1999 and January 2009 were followed for a median of 38 months (minimum 12 months). The sites of close and involved margins were histologically reviewed.Results:Involved and close margins occurred in 14 and 55 per cent of cases, respectively. The number of involved vs clear or close margins was equivalent in tumour stage one (90 vs 82 per cent), node-negative (100 vs 84 per cent) and perineural or lymphovascular invasion (20 vs 21 per cent) cases. Close or involved margins were similarly likely to be posterior (59 per cent) as anterior (41 per cent, p = 0.22), lateral (57 per cent) as medial (43 per cent, p = 0.34), and mucosal (59 per cent) as deep (41 per cent, p = 0.22). Local recurrence occurred in 28 per cent of cases at a median of 12 months, and was more likely in cases with involved (50 per cent) than clear or close margins (25 per cent, p = 0.10). Disease-free survival was worse in involved margins cases (p = 0.002).Conclusion:Involved margins are common in early tongue tumours, and are associated with increased local recurrence and worse survival. Close or involved margins occur in all directions and all tumour types. A wider margin may be justified.