bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A longitudinal study of the relationship between maternal cardiac output measured by impedance cardiography and uterine artery blood flow in the second half of pregnancy
Authors: Flo K , Wilsgaard T , Vårtun Å , Acharya G 
Published: April 2010

Please cite this paper as: Flo K, Wilsgaard T, Vårtun Å, Acharya G. A longitudinal study of the relationship between maternal cardiac output measured by impedance cardiography and uterine artery blood flow in the second half of pregnancy. BJOG 2010;117:837–844.Objective  To study serial changes in maternal systemic and uterine artery haemodynamics and establish reference ranges for the second half of pregnancy.Design  Prospective longitudinal observational study.Setting  University hospital in Norway.Population  Low‐risk pregnant women.Methods  Fifty‐three low‐risk pregnancies were evaluated at approximately 4‐weekly intervals. Maternal systemic haemodynamics was assessed with impedance cardiography. Uterine artery blood velocity and diameter were measured using Doppler ultrasonography and uterine artery volume blood flow (Quta) was calculated as the product of mean velocity and cross‐sectional area of the uterine artery. The fraction of cardiac output (CO) distributed to the uterine circulation was calculated as: Quta/CO × 100.Main outcome measures  CO, Quta, uterine vascular resistance (Ruta) and the fraction of CO distributed to the uterine circulation.Results  The CO increased (P = 0.0063) until 34 weeks and remained stable until term. Total Quta increased from 299 to 673 ml/minute and Ruta halved from 0.26 to 0.13 mmHg/ml/minute (P < 0.0001). The fraction of CO distributed to the uterine circulation increased from 5.6% to 11.7% (P < 0.0001).Conclusion  During the second half of pregnancy, Quta and the fraction of maternal CO distributed to the uterine circulation increase approximately two‐fold, mainly as a result of decrease in Ruta.
The plasma levels of the endocannabinoid, anandamide, increase with the induction of labour
Authors: Nallendran V , Lam PMW , Marczylo TH , Bankart MJG , Taylor AH , Taylor DJ , Konje JC 
Published: April 2010

Please cite this paper as: Nallendran V, Lam P, Marczylo T, Bankart M, Taylor A, Taylor D, Konje J. The plasma levels of the endocannabinoid, anandamide, increase with the induction of labour. BJOG 2010;117:863–869.Objective  Plasma anandamide (AEA) levels have previously been shown to be elevated in labour and defective cannabinoid receptor type 1 signalling in mice has been shown to be associated with elevation of corticotrophin‐releasing hormone and spontaneous onset of preterm labour. We measured plasma AEA levels in women undergoing induction of labour to define the changes during the transition from the nonlabouring to labouring state.Design  A longitudinal observational study.Setting  A large UK teaching hospital.Population  Term pregnant women undergoing induction of labour.Methods  Blood was collected from women before induction of labour and again when they were in active labour. Plasma AEA was extracted and measured using ultraperformance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry.Main outcome measures  The primary outcome variable was change in plasma AEA levels from the nonlabouring to the labouring state. The secondary outcome was induction‐to‐delivery interval.Results  There was a 1.5‐fold increase in mean plasma AEA levels from 1.20 ± 0.57 nm in the nonlabouring state to 1.82 ± 0.87 nm in the labouring state (P < 0.0001). Induction‐to‐delivery interval was predicted by both Bishop’s score (P < 0.0001) and percentage change in plasma AEA levels (P < 0.0001). There was a negative correlation between the percentage change in plasma AEA level and the induction‐to‐delivery interval (r = – 0.28; P = 0.0481). This means that the greater the rise in the plasma AEA levels the shorter the duration of labour.Conclusions  Plasma AEA levels increase with active labour and the negative correlations between percentage change in plasma AEA levels and induction‐to‐delivery interval suggest that AEA is likely to be involved in the physiological mechanisms of labour. Whether this increase is essential for myometrial contraction is unclear and needs further investigation.
High fever following postpartum administration of sublingual misoprostol
Authors: Durocher J , Bynum J , León W , Barrera G , Winikoff B 
Published: April 2010

Please cite this paper as: Durocher J, Bynum J, León W, Barrera G, Winikoff B. High fever following postpartum administration of sublingual misoprostol. BJOG 2010;117:845–852.Objective  To explore what triggers an elevated body temperature of ≥40.0°C in some women given misoprostol, a prostaglandin E1 analogue, for postpartum haemorrhage (PPH).Design  Post hoc analysis.Setting  One tertiary‐level hospital in Quito, Ecuador.Population  A cohort of 58 women with a fever of above 40°C following treatment with sublingual misoprostol (800 micrograms) for PPH.Methods  Side effects were documented for 163 Ecuadorian women given sublingual misoprostol to treat their PPH. Women’s body temperatures were measured, and if they had a fever of ≥40.0°C, measurements were taken hourly until the fever subsided. Temperature trends were analysed, and the possible physiological mechanisms by which postpartum misoprostol produces a high fever were explored.Main outcome measures  The onset, duration, peak temperatures, and treatments administered for cases with a high fever.Results  Fifty‐eight of 163 women (35.6%) treated with misoprostol experienced a fever of ≥40.0°C. High fevers followed a predictable pattern, often preceded by moderate/severe shivering within 20 minutes of treatment. Body temperatures peaked 1–2 hours post‐treatment, and gradually declined over 3 hours. Fevers were transient and did not lead to any hospitalisation. Baseline characteristics were comparable among women who did and did not develop a high fever, except for known previous PPH and time to placental expulsion.Conclusions  An unexpectedly high rate of elevated body temperature of ≥40.0°C was documented in Ecuador following sublingually administered misoprostol. It is unclear why temperatures ≥40.0°C occurred with a greater frequency in Ecuador than in other study populations using similar treatment regimens for PPH. Pharmacogenetic studies may shed further light on variations in individuals’ responses to misoprostol.
Apolipoprotein E mRNA is transported to dendrites and may have a role in synaptic structural plasticity
Authors: Oh Jun‐Young , Nam Yeon‐Ju , Jo Anna , Cheon Hyo‐Soon , Rhee Sang‐Myung , Park Joong‐Ki , Lee Jin‐A , Kim Hyong Kyu 
Published: April 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 114, 685–696.AbstractAlthough the dendritic localization and translation of a subset of mRNAs plays a pivotal role in synaptic plasticity, the dendritic mRNAs and their functions have been only minimally characterized thus far. In this study, we isolated mRNAs from Staufen2‐containing ribonucleoprotein complexes, which function as modules for the transport of mRNA to the dendrites, and then constructed a cDNA library. Apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) mRNA was isolated from the dendritic mRNA‐specific cDNA library. The specific localization of APOE mRNA was evaluated via in situ hybridization. The specific regions involved in the dendritic transport of APOE mRNA were determined using a visualization system employing green fluorescent protein‐tagged bacteriophage MS2 RNA‐binding protein. As a result, the proximal N‐terminal or C‐terminal regions of the ApoE‐coding sequences were determined to be sufficient for dendritic transport. The level of dendritic APOE mRNA was significantly increased by depolarization‐induced neuronal activity, but was reduced in the cell body regions. We assessed the functions of neuronal ApoE. The reduction of ganglioside GM1 by cholesterol depletion was completely blocked by ApoE over‐expression. In addition, ApoE over‐expression increased the immunoreactivity of the post‐synaptic density 95 kDa antibody in the dendrites. These findings indicate that neuronal ApoE may be relevant to lipid rafts or synaptic structural plasticity.
Combining Stated and Revealed Preferences on Typical Food Products: The Case of Dry‐Cured Ham in Spain
Authors: Resano‐Ezcaray Helena , Sanjuán‐López Ana Isabel , Albisu‐Aguado Luis Miguel 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAn extensive body of research concerns the valuation of EU certification schemes of quality based on the origin of food products. This literature focuses mainly on stated preferences (SPs) and reported behaviours by the consumers. We combine consumers’ SPs, obtained through a conjoint ranking experiment, with revealed preferences (RP), obtained through a retail scanner database. We evaluate SPs as predictors of RP, and investigate whether SPs and RPs are consistent. Dry‐cured ham in Spain is chosen as the anchor product, mainly because of its broad customer base and long history of origin certification. A ‘trick’ nested logit model with non‐identical and identical samples of consumers is estimated to answer each of the objectives. Results show that, irrespective of the analysed samples, SP can predict general market trends and choices but not accurately predict market shares, and that consumers’ actual behaviour is partly consistent with their SPs. We find that consumers prefer ham produced in Teruel, compared with unspecified Spanish origin. Quality Certification and a Distributor’s Brand are preferred over the alternatives of no quality label or identified with a brand owned by the producer. Interestingly, SPs for the Quality Certification and the distributor’s brand lead to an over‐ and under‐estimation, respectively, of the market share.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Tetraparesis resembling acute transverse myelitis in a captive chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes): long‐term care and recovery
Authors: Miyabe‐Nishiwaki T. , Kaneko A. , Nishiwaki K. , Watanabe A. , Watanabe S. , Maeda N. , Kumazaki K. , Morimoto M. , Hirokawa R. , Suzuki J. , Ito Y. , Hayashi M. , Tanaka M. , Tomonaga M. , Matsuzawa T. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackground A 24‐year‐old, male chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) developed acute tetraparesis. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a diffuse T2‐weighted hyperintensive lesion, indicating inflammation at the C1–2 level. All infective, autoimmune, and vascular investigations were unremarkable.Results and Conclusions The chimpanzee’s condition most resembled acute transverse myelitis (ATM) in humans. The chimpanzee was in severe incapacitated neurological condition with bedridden status and required 24‐hour attention for 2 months followed by special care for over a year. Initially, corticosteroid therapy was performed, and his neurological symptoms improved to some extent; however, the general condition of the chimpanzee deteriorated in the first 6 months after onset. Pressure ulcers had developed at various areas on the animal’s body, as the bedridden status was protracted. Supportive therapy was continued, and the general condition, appetite, mobility, and pressure ulcers have slowly but synergistically recovered over the course of 2 years.
Parents underestimate their child`s overweight
Authors: Vuorela Nina , Saha Marja‐Terttu , Salo Matti K. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAim:  The aim of this study was to evaluate parents’ ability to perceive the weight status of their children.Methods:  This cross‐sectional study was performed on 5 (n = 310) and 11‐year‐old (n = 296) children. The height, weight and waist circumference were measured. Body mass index (BMI, kg/m²) was calculated. The International Obesity Task Force criteria and the British cut‐off points were used to classify BMI and waist circumference. Parents filled out a questionnaire concerning their perception of the weight class of their child. The parents and the 11‐year‐old children estimated their own weight class. For analysis, the measured and perceived weight classes were divided into two categories; normal weight (including underweight) and overweight or obese. To measure the agreement cross‐tabulation with Cohen’s Kappa was used. Explanatory variables associated with misclassification of overweight children as normal weight were examined by logistic regression modelling.Results:  The prevalence of overweight (including obese) was 17.4% and 21.6% in 5‐ and 11‐year‐old children in this study. Only a few parents misclassified their normal weight children as overweight. By contrast, a majority of parents to the 5‐year‐old children and about half of the parents to the 11‐year‐old children misclassified them as normal weight. Using waist circumference for body size classification did not improve parents’ performance. Mothers performed best when estimating own weight class.Conclusion:  A majority of parents fail to recognize overweight or obesity in their 5‐ and 11‐year‐old children. The underestimation of overweight may impair the motivation of the parents to adopt weight control.
APPLICATION OF A CHECK‐ALL‐THAT‐APPLY QUESTION TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHOCOLATE MILK DESSERTS
Authors: ARES GASTÓN , BARREIRO CECILIA , DELIZA ROSIRES , GIMÉNEZ ANA , GÁMBARO ADRIANA 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACT Check‐all‐that‐apply (CATA) questions could be a simple alternative to get an insight on consumer perception of a food product. In the present work, CATA questions were used in the development of chocolate milk desserts. Nine chocolate milk desserts were formulated with different sugar and cacao concentration. A consumer study was performed with 70 people, who were asked to score their overall liking and to answer a CATA question that included 18 sensory and hedonic terms. Besides, the samples were evaluated by a trained assessors' panel. Highly significant differences were found in the frequencies in which CATA terms were used for describing the nine desserts, suggesting that this methodology was able to detect differences in consumer perception of the desserts. Sample configuration from consumers' CATA counts and trained assessors data were similar, suggesting a good agreement between both evaluations. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe use of a CATA question resulted in a simple and valid approach to gather information about consumers' perception of the product, including both their sensory and hedonic impression. This methodology enabled the direct identification of drivers of liking for groups of consumers with different preference patterns. Considering results from the present study, the use of CATA questions could be an interesting methodology to obtain a sensory map based only on consumer perception of the products and to perform external preference mapping when a sensory trained panel is not available.
CONSUMER EXPECTATIONS AND PERCEPTION OF CHOCOLATE MILK DESSERTS ENRICHED WITH ANTIOXIDANTS
Authors: ARES GASTÓN , BARREIRO CECILIA , DELIZA ROSIRES , GIMÉNEZ ANA , GÁMBARO ADRIANA 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACT A study was carried out to identify consumers' previous expectations of chocolate milk desserts enriched with antioxidants and to determine if these expectations affected product perception. Seventy‐five consumers participated in the study and were asked to complete a word association task before the evaluation. Then, consumers tried six milk desserts with different polyphenolic concentration, scored their overall liking and willingness to purchase and provided up to four words to describe each of the samples. Cluster analysis performed on consumer‐elicited terms in the word association task allowed the identification of three consumer segments with different expectations and motivations toward chocolate milk desserts enriched with antioxidants. These groups also differed in their evaluation of the desserts when tasting them, showing different overall liking, willingness to purchase and sensory description of the samples. This suggests that consumers' prior expectations and motivations significantly affected their response when tasting the desserts. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSWord association was used to get an insight on consumer expectations of chocolate milk desserts enriched with antioxidants, proving to be a useful methodology. This approach could be a simple technique to understand consumer expectations before tasting a product, and to study how these expectations affect their response after tasting the product, particularly interesting when novel products are considered. Consumer segmentation based on their previous thoughts about a product could help to assure that a product meets consumer expectations appropriately, leading to a higher satisfaction.
Enhancing Sensitivity of Detection of Immune Responses toMycobacterium lepraePeptides in Whole-Blood Assays
Authors: Geluk Annemieke , van der Ploeg-van Schip Jolien J. , van Meijgaarden Krista E. , Commandeur Susanna , Drijfhout Jan W. , Benckhuijsen Willemien E. , Franken Kees L. M. C. , Naafs Bernard , Ottenhoff Tom H. M. 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACTAlthough worldwide leprosy prevalence has been reduced considerably following multidrug therapy, new case detection rates remain relatively stable, suggesting that transmission of infection still continues. This calls for new efforts, among which is development of assays that can identify subclinical/early-stageMycobacterium leprae-infected subjects, a likely source of transmission. Areas in which leprosy is endemic often lack sophisticated laboratories, necessitating development of field-friendly immunodiagnostic tests for leprosy, like short-term whole-blood assays (WBA). In classical, peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-based gamma interferon (IFN-γ) release assays,M. lepraepeptides have been shown to discriminate in a more specific fashion thanM. lepraeproteins betweenM. leprae-exposed contacts and patients as opposed to healthy controls from the same area of endemicity. However, peptides induced significantly lower levels of IFN-γ than did proteins, particularly when whole blood was used. Therefore, possibilities of specifically enhancing IFN-γ production in response toM. lepraepeptides in 24-h WBA were sought by addition of various cytokines and antibodies or by mannosylation of peptides. In addition, other cytokines and chemokines were analyzed as potential biomarkers in WBA. We found that only interleukin 12 (IL-12), not other costimulants, increased IFN-γ production in WBA while maintainingM. lepraepeptide specificity, as evidenced by lack of increase of IFN-γ in control samples stimulated with IL-12 alone. The IL-12-induced increase in IFN-γ was mainly mediated by CD4+T cells that did not produce IL-2 or tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Mannosylation further allowed the use of 100-fold-less peptide. Although not statistically significantly, macrophage inflammatory protein 1β (MIP-1β) and macrophage c protein 1 (MCP-1) levels specific forM. lepraepeptide tended to be increased by IL-12. IP-10 production was also found to be a useful marker ofM. lepraepeptide responses, but its production was enhanced by IL-12 nonspecifically. We conclude that IFN-γ-based WBA combined with IL-12 represents a more sensitive and robust assay for measuring reactivity toM. lepraepeptides.
Murine Coronavirus Induces Type I Interferon in Oligodendrocytes through Recognition by RIG-I and MDA5
Authors: Li Jianfeng , Liu Yin , Zhang Xuming 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACT
The murine coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) induced the expression of type I interferon (alpha/beta interferon [IFN-α/β]) in mouse oligodendrocytic N20.1 cells. This induction is completely dependent on virus replication, since infection with UV light-inactivated virus could no longer induce IFN-α/β. We show that MHV infection activated both transcription factors, the IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), as evidenced by phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of IRF-3 and an increased promoter binding activity for IRF-3 and NF-κB. Furthermore, the cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) was induced by MHV infection. Knockdown of RIG-I by small interfering RNAs blocked the activation of IRF-3 and subsequent IFN-α/β production induced by MHV infection. Knockdown of another cytoplasmic receptor, the melanoma-differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5), by small interfering RNAs also blocked IFN-β induction. These results demonstrate that MHV is recognized by both RIG-I and MDA5 and induces IFN-α/β through the activation of the IRF-3 signaling pathway. However, knockdown of RIG-I only partially blocked NF-κB activity induced by MHV infection and inhibition of NF-κB activity by a decoy peptide inhibitor had little effect on IFN-α/β production. These data suggest that activation of the NF-κB pathway might not play a critical role in IFN-α/β induction by MHV infection in oligodendrocytes.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Nucleocapsid p1 Confers ESCRT Pathway Dependence
Authors: Popova Elena , Popov Sergei , Göttlinger Heinrich G. 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACT

To facilitate the release of infectious progeny virions, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) exploits the Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT) pathway by engaging Tsg101 and ALIX through late assembly (L) domains in the C-terminal p6 domain of Gag. However, the L domains in p6 are known to be dispensable for efficient particle production by certain HIV-1 Gag constructs that have the nucleocapsid (NC) domain replaced by a foreign dimerization domain to substitute for the assembly function of NC. We now show that one such L domain-independent HIV-1 Gag construct (termed Z
WT
) that has NC-p1-p6 replaced by a leucine zipper domain is resistant to dominant-negative inhibitors of the ESCRT pathway that block HIV-1 particle production. However, Z
WT
became dependent on the presence of an L domain when NC-p1-p6 was restored to its C terminus. Furthermore, when the NC domain was replaced by a leucine zipper, the p1-p6 region, but not p6 alone, conferred sensitivity to inhibition of the ESCRT pathway. In an authentic HIV-1 Gag context, the effect of an inhibitor of the ESCRT pathway on particle production could be alleviated by deleting a portion of the NC domain together with p1. Together, these results indicate that the ESCRT pathway dependence of HIV-1 budding is determined, at least in part, by the NC-p1 region of Gag.
MicroRNA miR-155 Inhibits Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) Signaling and BMP-Mediated Epstein-Barr Virus Reactivation
Authors: Yin Qinyan , Wang Xia , Fewell Claire , Cameron Jennifer , Zhu Hanqing , Baddoo Melody , Lin Zhen , Flemington Erik K. 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACT
MicroRNA miR-155 is expressed at elevated levels in human cancers including cancers of the lung, breast, colon, and a subset of lymphoid malignancies. In B cells, miR-155 is induced by the oncogenic latency gene expression program of the human herpesvirus Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Two other oncogenic herpesviruses, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and Marek's disease virus, encode functional homologues of miR-155, suggesting a role for this microRNA in the biology and pathogenesis of these viruses. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is involved in an array of cellular processes, including differentiation, growth inhibition, and senescence, through context-dependent interactions with multiple signaling pathways. Alteration of this pathway contributes to a number of disease states including cancer. Here, we show that miR-155 targets the 3′ untranslated region of multiple components of the BMP signaling cascade, including SMAD1, SMAD5, HIVEP2, CEBPB, RUNX2, and MYO10. Targeting of these mediators results in the inhibition of BMP2-, BMP6-, and BMP7-induced ID3 expression as well as BMP-mediated EBV reactivation in the EBV-positive B-cell line, Mutu I. Further, miR-155 inhibits SMAD1 and SMAD5 expression in the lung epithelial cell line A549, it inhibits BMP-mediated induction of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21, and it reverses BMP-mediated cell growth inhibition. These results suggest a role for miR-155 in controlling BMP-mediated cellular processes, in regulating BMP-induced EBV reactivation, and in the inhibition of antitumor effects of BMP signaling in normal and virus-infected cells.