bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ocular and periocular tumors in 855 Asian Indian geriatric patients
Authors: Kaliki Swathi , Das Anthony Vipin 
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVE:
The objective of this study was to describe the eye tumors in Asian Indian geriatric population (age >60 years) presenting to a multitier ophthalmology hospital network in India.

METHODS:
This was a retrospective study of 855 Asian Indian geriatric patients.

RESULTS:
During the 3-year study period, 855 geriatric patients were diagnosed with eye tumors. The mean age at presentation with an ocular or periocular tumor was 68 years (median, 67 years; range, 60–91 years). There were 458 (54%) benign tumors and 397 (46%) malignant tumors. The distribution of benign versus malignant tumors in different age groups was 324 (71%) versus 259 (65%) in 60–70 years, 116 (25%) versus 99 (25%) in 71–80 years, and 18 (4%) versus 39 (10%) in >80 years' age groups. The three most common benign tumors included eyelid cyst (n = 99, 22%), eyelid nevus (n = 50, 11%), and pseudotumor or nonspecific orbital inflammatory disease (n = 38, 8%). The three most common malignant tumors included ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) (n = 208, 52%), periocular sebaceous gland carcinoma (n = 68, 17%), and periocular basal cell carcinoma (n = 25, 6%). Overall, OSSN was the most common tumor in all age groups (22% of all tumors in 60–70 years, 27% in 71–80 years, and 39% in >80 years' age groups).

CONCLUSION:
Overall, there is an increasing trend of malignant tumors with increasing age. OSSN is the most common tumor in the geriatric population encountered in a referral-based comprehensive ocular oncology practice in India.
Effect of legislation and changing trends of Diwali ocular firecracker injuries in Northern India
Authors: Dhiman Rebika , Mahalingam Karthikeyan , Balakrishnan Neelima , Kumar Atul , Saxena Rohit , Sihota Ramanjit 
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVE:
The objective of this study is to study the impact of temporary legislation implemented during Diwali on ocular firecracker injuries in Delhi-National Capital Region (NCR) region.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
In this retrospective study, records of the patients presenting with ocular firecracker injury during 10 days of Diwali (prediwali, Diwali and 8 days postdiwali) from 2014 to 2019 were retreived from the medical record section. Clinico-demographic profile, relevant history pertaining to the use of firecracker, and details of eye examination, namely presenting visual acuity (VA), laterality and classification of injury based on Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology System were noted.

RESULTS:
Six hundred and sixty-seven eyes of 646 patients were recruited. The median age of patients was 14 years (R = 3–65 years) and male: Female ratio was 4.9:1. Majority of patients (57.7%; n = 373) were from outside Delhi. Most of them were open globe injuries (66.8%). In 55.4% (n = 356) eyes, presenting VA was perception of light to finger counting close to face and 28% (n = 180) eyes could not perceive any light. A significant reduction was noted in the number of ocular firecrcaker injuries after regulation (preregulation [2014–2016] n = 456; postregulation [2017–2019] n = 211; [P = 0.01, t-test]). During preregulation period, presenting VA was worse than 1/60 in significantly higher number of eyes (85.5%; n = 376) than post regulation (78.8%, n = 160) (P = 0.03, Chi-square test).

CONCLUSION:
Although temporary legislation seems to be effective in reducing ocular firecracker injuries (52.7% reduction) in NCR, uniform implementation of stricter laws nationwide is essential to further minimize the problem.
Clinical and demographic profile of pediatric cataracts among Omani children presenting to a tertiary eye care center, Oman
Authors: Al-Riyami Muzna , AlAamri Hajar , AlAsmi Maitha , Al-Jabri Samira , Kishore H. 
Published: May 2024

CONTEXT:
This study aimed to know the clinical and demographic profile of pediatric cataracts in Oman.

AIMS:
The aim of this study was to describe the demographic and clinical profile of pediatric cataracts in a tertiary care hospital, Oman.

SETTINGS AND DESIGN:
This was a hospital-based, retrospective observational study.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS:
A retrospective cross-sectional study of all Omani children presented to ophthalmology outpatient at a tertiary hospital, between January 2012 and December 2016. All patients aged <18 years presented with lens opacity were included in the study. Traumatic cataract cases were excluded from the study.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED:
SPSS version 22.0 International Business Machines, (Armonk, New York, Unites States of America, dated 8/13/13) used for statistical analysis.

RESULTS:
Among 379 eyes of 239 patients, 58.6% (140 patients) had bilateral cataracts. Male-to-female ratio was 1.38:1. We arrived at prevalence of 4.32 with 95% confidence interval (3.85, 4.77) of congenital cataract cases/10,000 Omani Children. Most patients (54%) were from either Muscat (28.9%) or A’Sharqiyah (25.1%). The median age of cataracts first noticed by parents was 3 months and the median age of presentation to the eye care unit was 15 months. Patients with positive family history significantly (P = 0.007) presented with bilateral cataracts (75%). About 22.2% of the patients had associated systemic diseases. Among those with systemic association, 77.4% of cases had bilateral cataracts. About 35.4% of eyes had another ocular association. The most common ocular association was squint (11.1%). The most common cataract morphologies at presentation were 20.1% presenting with total lens opacities and 19.8% with posterior subcapsular/posterior lenticonus.

CONCLUSIONS:
A higher demographic distribution of pediatric cataracts was found in Muscat governorate. There was a significant median delay in presentation to the pediatric ophthalmology clinic by 12 months since lens opacity was first noticed by parents.
Exposure keratopathy and its associated risk factors in patients undergoing general anesthesia in nonocular surgeries
Authors: Amini Nazanin , Rezaei Korosh , Modir Hesameddin , Majd Rezvan Kazemi , Graminejad Neda , Rafiei Fatemeh , Rezaei Reza , Davoodabady Zohreh , Bayati Akram 
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION:
The most common eye injury during and after general anesthesia is corneal abrasion which can occur at any time after anesthesia and even up to 24 h after it. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and factors associated with corneal injury in patients undergoing nonocular surgery.

METHODS:
This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. A total of 170 patients, who were admitted to the operating room and met the inclusion criteria, were selected through simple nonprobability sampling. Data collection forms were used in order to assess the incidence of corneal injury and its related risk factors. The National Eye Institute scale with fluorescein paper and cobalt blue light by slit lamp were utilized to examine exposure keratopathy.

RESULTS:
Overall, the results showed that the incidence of keratopathy immediately after eye care removal was found to be 64.7% in the operating room, 65.9% in the recovery room, and 41.2% in 24 h after the surgery. Smokers’ patients and drug abusers under general anesthesia underwent endotracheal intubation, received more opioids preoperatively, and had more perioperative bleeding and fluid intake. Moreover, in patients who had received more oxygen flow in the recovery room; the rate of keratopathy was higher.

CONCLUSION:
Smoking, drug usage, and receiving endotracheal intubation are the risk factors of keratopathy. Therefore, for high-risk patients and procedures, it is indispensable to both obtain preoperative information and take intraoperative precautions in order to prevent eye injuries. Future studies are needed to demonstrate these finding.
Retrospective evaluation of geriatric patients applying to a dentistry faculty during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: İçöz Derya , Karakurt Rıdvan , Akgünlü Faruk 
Published: May 2024

Background:
COVID-19 has had a significant impact on dental procedures, as dentistry is one of the areas at the highest risk for the transmission of COVID-19.

Aim:
The aim of the present study was to determine the application density of geriatric patients during the pandemic and to investigate the most common reasons for referral to a dentistry faculty.

Materials and Methods:
For the study, the 1 year was divided into four equal periods of 3 months, and the number of patients examined in these periods; the age and gender information of the patients, their systemic conditions, and the primary reasons for admission were recorded from the patient files.

Results:
The total number of geriatric patients who were examined during this process was determined as 848. According to the periods, the number of patients who were examined was the lowest in the 1st period (53 [6.3%]) and the highest in the 4th period (349 [41.2%]). For all four periods, it was determined that the most common reason for the application was prosthetic reasons (39.4%), the most common comorbid disease was hypertension (37.7%), and cancer patients applied statistically significantly less in the 1st period (P = 0.040).

Conclusion:
According to the results of this study, the number of dental patients has gradually increased for the 1st year of COVID-19 cases. Although there was no statistical difference between the periods in terms of pain, alveolitis, need for restoration due to fracture, trauma, etc., COVID-19 had significant effects on dental applications, as in many areas.
Random walks and the “Euclidean” association scheme in finite vector spaces
Authors: Brittenham Charles , Pakianathan Jonathan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we provide an application to the random distance-t walk in finite planes and derive asymptotic formulas (as

$q \to \infty $

) for the probability of return to start point after

$\ell $

steps based on the “vertical” equidistribution of Kloosterman sums established by N. Katz. This work relies on a “Euclidean” association scheme studied in prior work of W. M. Kwok, E. Bannai, O. Shimabukuro, and H. Tanaka. We also provide a self-contained computation of the P-matrix and intersection numbers of this scheme for convenience in our application as well as a more explicit form for the intersection numbers in the planar case.
Risk factors and outcomes of peptic ulcer bleed in a Pakistani population: A single-center observational study
Authors: Butt Nazish , Usmani Muhammad Tayyab , Mehak Nimrah , Mughal Saba , Qazi-Arisar Fakhar Ali , Mohiuddin Ghulam , Khan Gulzar 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) remains a significant healthcare burden, contributing to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite advancements in therapies, its prevalence persists, particularly in regions with widespread nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use and Helicobacter pylori infection.
AIM
To comprehensively analyse the risk factors and outcomes of PUD-related upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding in Pakistani population.
METHODS
This retrospective cohort study included 142 patients with peptic ulcer bleeding who underwent upper GI endoscopy from January to December 2022. Data on demographics, symptoms, length of stay, mortality, re-bleed, and Forrest classification was collected.
RESULTS
The mean age of patients was 53 years, and the majority was men (68.3%). Hematemesis (82.4%) and epigastric pain (75.4%) were the most common presenting symptoms. Most patients (73.2%) were discharged within five days. The mortality rates at one week and one month were 10.6% and 14.8%, respectively. Re-bleed within 24 h and seven days occurred in 14.1% and 18.3% of patients, respectively. Most ulcers were Forrest class (FC) III (72.5%). Antiplatelet use was associated with higher mortality at 7 and 30 d, while alternative medications were linked to higher 24-hour re-bleed rates. NSAID use was associated with more FC III ulcers. Re-bleed at 24 h and 7 d was strongly associated with one-week or one-month mortality.
CONCLUSION
Antiplatelet use and rebleeding increase the risk of early mortality in PUD-related upper GI bleeding, while alternative medicines are associated with early rebleeding.
Act on Protection of Geographical Indications of Iran: in line or contradiction with international treaties
Authors: Rezaei Ali 
Published: May 2024

Iran is a country with an ancient civilization with many unique products and goods. To protect the rights of geographical indications owners, Iran has adopted an Act in this regard. This article aims to examine the strengths and weaknesses of the Iranian Act and the extent of its compliance or non-compliance with international treaties in this field.
The results and achievements of this study, which are not limited to Iran and can be used for the international system as well as developing countries, indicate that the multiplicity of international treaties, lack of sanctions or insufficient sanctions, the manner of procedure and proceedings authorities, different interpretations of concepts contrary to public order and good morals, as well as ignoring the issue of labels and barcodes are some of the most important challenges and problems facing the effective protection of geographical indications.
Obviously, Iran can protect geographical indications in a more effective way by providing some strategies. Including protection for geographical indications in bilateral or multilateral investment treaties, applying quality control on products bearing geographical indications and intensifying performance guarantees (or sanctions), building culture and increasing coordination between public and private sectors and investing to strengthen the value of geographical indications in the market are among the most important solutions that have been presented.
Corporate Social Responsibility and the Importance of Esg Reporting From the Young Generation Perspective
Authors: Blahušiaková Miriama 
Published: May 2024

Since the adoption of the Non-Financial Reporting Directive, companies are required to report information on environmental, social, and employee matters, respect for human rights, anti-corruption, and bribery matters. These aspects represent some of the elements of socially responsible corporate behavior. Following the adoption of the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive and its gradual transposition into the European Union Member States' national legislation, the ESG reporting requirements are becoming stricter. The aim is to ensure transparency and comparability of reported sustainability information, to prevent greenwashing, and to ensure that companies behave in a socially responsible manner to the environment, society, and governance, and report this information in the Sustainability Report. The paper aims to analyze how the young generation from four different countries perceives the socially responsible behavior of companies and what importance they give to different aspects of corporate social responsibility. To meet the purpose of the paper, a standard methodology of legislation and literature review was performed. Afterward, a questionnaire survey was conducted in which we investigated the attitudes of the young generation to the socially responsible behavior of companies. The results of the research showed that the young generation perceives social responsibility in companies’ behavior and takes it as a competitive advantage in the market. The results, among others, showed which aspects of responsible business are the most important for the young generation, if young people can name some socially responsible companies, and if they prefer to buy products or services from companies that behave responsibly to society and the environment, etc. The paper analyses the attitudes of the young generation which can be a limited factor in the research. More detailed analysis within all the age groups could bring different results. The number of respondents is another limitation.
Reconfiguration of Cooperation Ties of Russian Manufacturing Firms Under Economic Sanctions
Authors: Golikova Victoria , Kuznetsov Boris 
Published: May 2024

This paper is focused on one important direct consequence of economic sanctions introduced in 2022: namely, on the necessity to change the suppliers of raw materials, components and equipment in Russian manufacturing firms that historically had long-term cooperation ties with the partners from Europe. The main goal of the paper is to investigate the immediate response to the break of contracts and cooperation agreements, namely, (a) what firm-specific features are associated with the managerial decision to change the suppliers, (b) what is the scale of import substitution and (c) what is the geographical structure of new cooperation partners. This study is based on the results of the representative survey of 1860 Russian manufacturing firms. It was conducted with CEOs in 2022 and covers firms with more than 10 employees. The survey reports the information on a variety of firm characteristics such as size, age, location, ownership, international trade, cooperation ties, investment and innovation, etc. We provide the empirical evidence that sanctions shock of 2022 turned out to be extremely painful for the current supply structure and forced enterprises to look for solution to compensate for gaps in cooperation chains. We tested several hypotheses to identify those characteristics of the company that are associated with the reconfiguration of suppliers of raw materials/materials, parts/components or technological equipment. In the econometric analysis, we use probit regression controlling for firm size measured as number of employees, industry heterogeneity and regional territorial effects. Our finding confirmed that it was systematic importers who turned out to be the most vulnerable and affected group because of the imposition of sanctions, and it was this group that began to actively seek a replacement for contractors who had cancelled cooperation. The most technologically advanced firms and active innovators were found to be in the group of those who immediately replaced suppliers in the first months after the imposition of sanctions. Another finding is a significant positive role of the supply chain digitalization. We have shown that it was European suppliers that Russian firms most often changed in 2022: 80% of firms that changed foreign suppliers indicated Europe as the region of previous supplies. At the same time, in 2/3 of cases, the reason for the replacement was the unilateral refusal of the partner from further deliveries – i.e. the replacement was forced. This was only partially offset by switching to Russian suppliers, although it should be noted that the share of such replacements (from a foreign supplier to a domestic one) turned out to be higher than expected. According to indirect data, enterprises managed to find an alternative within Russia for 30-40% of European partners but most of the changes in the network of foreign suppliers were not related to import substitution as significant part of the imports have switched to China.
Efectos de la adicción a redes sociales en la atención ejecutiva: análisis conductual y neurológico
Authors: De León Rivas Julissa Mariela 
Published: May 2024

PROBLEMA: la atención como modelo ejecutivo se deteriora por medio de la adicción a las redes sociales. OBJETIVO: analizar de manera integral los efectos de la adicción a las redes sociales en la atención ejecutiva, empleando enfoques conductuales y neurológicos para comprender cómo el uso excesivo de las redes sociales impacta en la capacidad de mantener la atención, el autocontrol y otras funciones ejecutivas claves. MÉTODO: se eligieron a adultos usuarios de redes sociales comprendidos entre las edades de 18 a 65 años aplicándoseles un cuestionario de uso de redes sociales para medir el nivel de adicción a las redes sociales y el test estandarizado D2 que mide la atención selectiva y la concentración. RESULTADOS: se encontró una alta relación entre la adicción moderada a las redes sociales y el deterioro de la atención tanto de los procesos de atención selectiva como en los procesos de atención sostenida o concentración. CONCLUSIÓN: se concluye que los usuarios con altas horas de uso de redes sociales desarrollan adicción a las mismas y aunque esta adicción se encuentre en la categoría de leve o moderada puede ir causando una afectación gradual en los procesos atencionales.
Análisis de factores psicológicos y procesos neurocognitivos de rupturas amorosas en adultos jóvenes
Authors: Cárdenas Salazar Ana Belén 
Published: May 2024

PROBLEMA: al momento en el que un joven adulto experimenta una ruptura amorosa, experimenta dolor emocional ya que se considera un duelo, en donde el bienestar psicológico se ve alterado, haciendo énfasis en el área emocional, mental, físico y neurocognitivo. OBJETIVO: identificar los factores psicológicos y procesos neurocognitivos determinantes relacionados con las rupturas amorosas en adultos jóvenes. MÉTODO: diseño no experimental, de corte transversal, de tipo cuantitativa y nivel de alcance descriptivo, se utilizó una muestra de 38 hombres y 42 mujeres y como instrumento el inventario de Cogniciones Postraumáticas (ICPT). RESULTADOS: la población no presenta alteración en cogniciones negativas sobre el yo, se determina que la mayoría está totalmente en desacuerdo ante la idea irracional de no tener un buen futuro con un 71.3%. En relación a sentimientos de autoculpa, se evidencia que el 73.8% están totalmente en desacuerdo ante la percepción de que nada bueno puede pasarles en el futuro. Sin embargo, presentan alteración en cogniciones negativas sobre el mundo, estando el 52.5% totalmente de acuerdo con que nunca pueden saber quién les hará daño. Es necesario hacer énfasis en que han desarrollado un apego evitativo y por dicha razón la mayor parte con un 82.5% de la población se encuentran solteros. CONCLUSIÓN: se determinó que la mayoría de la población con un 52.5% presentan alteración en el área de cogniciones negativas sobre el mundo estando totalmente de acuerdo ante la alerta de no saber quién podrá hacerles daño. La población evaluada no presenta altos niveles de cogniciones negativas hacia sí mismos representando con un 71.3% desacuerdo ante la idea de no tener un buen futuro. El 73.8% de jóvenes adultos no manejan autoculpa ante una ruptura amorosa, están en desacuerdo ante la percepción de que nada bueno puede pasarles en un futuro.
Satisfacción neurocognitiva y percepción corporal en adolescentes
Authors: Paz Sandoval Ana Cecilia 
Published: May 2024

PROBLEMA: la insatisfacción corporal en la etapa del neurodesarrollo de la adolescencia es indicador de alteraciones relacionadas con la percepción corporal. OBJETIVO: valorar la satisfacción corporal en adolescentes con el fin de identificar factores relacionados con la percepción corporal, la autoimagen y la autoaceptación. MÉTODO: tipo de estudio cuantitativo descriptivo de corte transversal dirigido a 100 adolescentes femeninos y masculinos que cursan el nivel académico medio básico. RESULTADOS: el valor de satisfacción neurocognitiva de los adolescentes evaluados acorde a la percepción corporal se encuentra en 77% dividiéndolo en un 36% en población femenina y en un 41% en población masculina; el valor de insatisfacción corporal se encuentra en un 23%, dividiéndolo en 20% en población femenina y 3% en población masculina. CONCLUSIÓN: la valoración de satisfacción neurocognitiva de la población adolescente evaluada evidenció que los adolescentes tienen una percepción corporal en la dimensión de autoaceptación de la propia figura, teniendo una satisfacción con su peso corporal, la altura, forma del cuerpo, así como la complexión corporal; sintiéndose satisfechos en todos los aspectos físicos. En la segunda dimensión no presentan alteraciones patológicas asociadas a la imagen corporal, en la tercera dimensión se encuentran en un valor adecuado de preocupación por el peso y la dieta y la cuarta dimensión un valor adecuado de preocupación por la comparación social de la figura.