bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of NaNbO3 and NaTaO3 as the photocatalysts in the reaction of hydrogen generation
Authors: Zielińska Beata , Kaleńczuk Ryszard 
Published: October 2010

Comparison of NaNbO3 and NaTaO3 as the photocatalysts in the reaction of hydrogen generation
The photocatalytic production of hydrogen over several chemical compounds based on sodium niobates and tantalates has been investigated. The photocatalysts have been prepared by an impregnation method of Nb2O5 and Ta2O5 in the aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and then the calcination at the temperature range of 450 - 800°C. In this report, we present the study showing that of the catalysts explored, the highest photocatalytic activity was shown in a sample obtained at the temperature of 450°C and containing NaTaO3 as a main phase.
Utilization of waste chloroorganic compounds
Authors: Myszkowski Jerzy , Milchert Eugeniusz , Bartkowiak Marcin , Pełech Robert 
Published: October 2010

Utilization of waste chloroorganic compounds
Efficient methods of utilization of waste chloroorganic compounds coming from waste water and the waste streams formed e.g. in the production of vinyl chloride by dichloroethane method and in the production of propylene oxide by chlorohydrin method have been presented. First the separation of chloroorganic wastes by the adsorption methods has been described in the article. Three valuable methods of chlorocompounds utilization have been then discussed. The first one is isomerization of 1,1,2-trichloroethane to 1,1,1-trichloroethane as the valuable product with less toxicity than a substrate. The second method is ammonolysis of waste 1,2-dichloropropane and 1,2,3-trichloropropane. The third described method is chlorolysis. This method can be used for the utilization of all types of waste chloroorganics.
Epoxidation of 1,5,9-cyclododecatriene with H2O2 in the presence of tungstophosphoric acid (H3PW12O40)
Authors: Wołosiak Agnieszka , Lewandowski Grzegorz 
Published: October 2010

Epoxidation of 1,5,9-cyclododecatriene with H2O2 in the presence of tungstophosphoric acid (H3PW12O40)
The influence of the technological parameters on the epoxidation of 1,5,9-cyclododecatriene (CDT) to 1,2-epoxy-5,9-cyclododecadiene (ECDD) by the phase-transfer catalysis method (PTC) in the presence of tungstophosphoric heteropolyacid (H3PW12O40) and hydrogen peroxide as the oxidizing agent has been presented. The phase-transfer catalyst was Aliquat® 336 (methyltrioctylammonium chloride). The epoxidation of CDT to ECDD in the PTC system proceed under the relatively mild condition: low temperature, lack of solvent, short reaction time.
The effect of: the mixing velocity, the molar ratio of CDT:H2O2 and H2O2:H3PW12O40, the nature of the solvent and its concentration, was studied. The most advantageous technological parameters were: the mixing rate 400 - 600 rpm, the molar ratio of CDT:H2O2 = 3:1 - 1.5:1, the molar ratio of H2O2:H3PW12O40 = 200:1 - 400:1, the temperature 40 - 50°C, solvent: dichloromethane or lack of the solvent, dichloromethane concentration: 10 - 50 vol%, reaction time 35 - 50 min. The application of the above-mentioned parameters allows to achieve the yield of 44 - 47% ECDD in relation to introduced CDT.
Preparation of carbon nanotubes using cvd CVD method
Authors: Pełech Iwona 
Published: October 2010

Preparation of carbon nanotubes using cvd CVD method
In this work preparation and characteristic of modified nanocarbons is described. These materials were obtained using nanocrystalline iron as a catalyst and ethylene as a carbon source at 700°C. The influence of argon or hydrogen addition to reaction mixture was investigated. After ethylene decomposition samples were hydrogenated at 500°C. As a results iron carbide (Fe3C) in the carbon matrix in the form of multi walled carbon nanotubes was obtained. After a treatment under hydrogen atmosphere iron carbide decomposed to iron and carbon and small iron particles agglomerated into larger ones.
Thermal and thermo-catalytic degradation of polyolefins as a simple and efficient method of landfill clearing
Authors: Tomaszewska Karina , Kałużna-Czaplińska Joanna , Jóźwiak Wojciech 
Published: October 2010

Thermal and thermo-catalytic degradation of polyolefins as a simple and efficient method of landfill clearing
Thermal degradation of the low density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP) and the municipal waste plastics was investigated. The thermo-catalytic degradation of LDPE and PP was studied in the presence of the following catalysts: four different types of montmorillonite: K5, K10, K20, K30 and - for comparison - zeolites (natural - clinoptilolite, YNa+ and YH+). Thermal analyses TG-DTA-MS of polymers and polymer-catalyst mixtures were carried out in an argon flow atmosphere in isothermal and dynamic conditions. The following order was found: in lowering the reaction temperature for LDPE degradation YH+ > mK5 > mK20 = mK30 >mK10 > NZ > YNa+; for PP degradation: mK20 > mK5 = mK30 >mK10 > YH+ > NZ > YNa+. The activity tests were carried out in a stainless steel batch reactor under atmospheric pressure in a wide temperature range of up to 410°C, and using the atmosphere of argon flow. The liquid products were analysed by the GC-MS method. The hydrocarbons in the liquid products from thermal degradation of polymers were broadly distributed in the carbon fractions of C8 to C26 - for LDPE and C6 to C31 for PP.
Formation and disposal of wastes and determination of wastefulness indicators in sugar industry
Authors: Strzelczyk Maria , Steinhoff-Wrześniewska Aleksandra 
Published: October 2010

Formation and disposal of wastes and determination of wastefulness indicators in sugar industry
The studies covered sugar industry. The analyses of wastes and wastefulness indicators in the sugar industry were performed in the paper. The results showed that processing of sugar beet generates the formation of huge quantities of side products and wastes. The values of indicators obtained in individual factories were very similar.
Removal of metal ions from aqueous solutions by micellar enhanced ultra-filtration (MEUF)
Authors: Staszak Katarzyna , Redutko Beata , Prochaska Krystyna 
Published: October 2010

Removal of metal ions from aqueous solutions by micellar enhanced ultra-filtration (MEUF)
The results of preliminary research on the possibility of removing of chromium(III) and copper(II) ions from micellar solutions in MEUF were described. The effectiveness of metal ions removal in the classical UF and MEUF was compared. It was confirmed that in the classical UF the retention of metal ions is small, independent of the concentration of the feed solution. The cross-flow micellar enhanced ultrafiltration experiments showed the usefulness of this method for the separation of metal ions from micellar solutions. The retention of metal ions in MEUF process is almost total in the case of the solutions of low concentration. However, for more concentrated solutions the retention is much smaller.
Bis(3-methyl-1-propene) ether and 3-(3-methyl-1-propene)-3-methyl-1,2-epoxypropane ether synthesis during the epoxidation of 1-butene-3-ol with hydrogen peroxide over the TS-2 catalyst
Authors: Wróblewska Agnieszka , Wójtowicz Grzegorz 
Published: October 2010

Bis(3-methyl-1-propene) ether and 3-(3-methyl-1-propene)-3-methyl-1,2-epoxypropane ether synthesis during the epoxidation of 1-butene-3-ol with hydrogen peroxide over the TS-2 catalyst
The influence of technological parameters on the transformation of 1-butene-3-ol (1B3O) to bis(3-methyl-1-propene) ether (2×1B3O ether) and 3-(3-methyl-1-propene)-3-methyl-1,2-epoxypropane ether (1B3Ox1,2EB3O ether) over the TS-2 catalyst was presented. The reaction was performed in a glass reactor at atmospheric pressure and in methanol medium (protic solvent). The optimum conditions of 2×1B3O ether and 1B3Ox1,2EB3O ether obtaining were established by the mathematical method of experiments design (rotatable-uniform design) and after the analyses of the layer drawings.
Biosorption lead(II) and nikel(II) from an aqueous solution by bacterial biomass
Authors: Wierzba Sławomir , Latała Adam 
Published: October 2010

Biosorption lead(II) and nikel(II) from an aqueous solution by bacterial biomass
The optimum conditions for biosorption of Pb(II) and Ni(II) from aqueous solution were investigated, by using living and nonliving Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus pumilus isolated from wastewater treatment plant. It was found that the optimum pH for Pb(II) removal by living and nonliving cells was 6.0, while 7.0 for Ni(II) removal. At the optimal conditions, metal ion biosorption was increased as the initial metal concentration increased. The binding capacity by living cells is significantly higher than that of nonliving cells at tested conditions. The maximum biosorption capacities for lead and nickel by using Ps. fluo-rescens and B. pumilus were 77.6, 91.4 and 65.1, 73.9 mg/g, respectively. The results of bio-sorption time and desorption experiments suggested that Pb(II) and Ni(II) uptake by the living bacterial biomass might be enhanced by intracellular accumulation.
Efficacy of Some Plant Extracts Against Rhizoctonia Solani on Pea
Authors: Al-Askar Abdulaziz , Rashad Younes 
Published: October 2010

Efficacy of Some Plant Extracts AgainstRhizoctonia Solanion PeaAntifungal activity of ethanol-water extracts of four medicinal plants, cinnamon (Cinnamomum verumPresl.), anise (Pimpinella anisumL.), black seed (Nigella sativaL.) and clove (Syzygium aromaticumL. Merr. & Perry.) was investigated against pea (Pisum sativumL.) root-rot fungusRhizoctonia solani. In vitroantifungal activity test shown a high growth inhibition at concentration (4%) of each plant extract. The highest antifungal activity was recorded for clove extract which causes complete growth inhibition at concentration of 1%. Efficacy of clove extract on disease incidence ofRhizoctoniaroot-rot of pea was investigated in the greenhouse pot experiment. Clove extract at concentration 4% as well as the chemical fungicide recorded highly significant increase in the percentage of survived plants (40 and 48%, respectively) and highly significant decrease in disease incidence.
Gamma Radiation Sensitivity of Different Stages of Saw-Toothed Grain Beetle Oryzaephilus Surinamensis L. (Coleoptera: Silvanidae)
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Abbas , Shayesteh Nouraddin , Zolfagharieh Hamid , Babaei Mohammad , Zareshahi Hasan , Mostafavi Hossein , Fatollahi Hadi 
Published: October 2010

Gamma Radiation Sensitivity of Different Stages of Saw-Toothed Grain BeetleOryzaephilus SurinamensisL. (Coleoptera: Silvanidae)The effect of gamma irradiation on different developmental stages ofOryzaephilus surinamensisL., was investigated. Results showed that a required dose to prevent larval emergence from irradiated 1-2-days-old eggs was 60 Gray (Gy), and 350 Gy was required to prevent adult emergence from 15-days-old larvae. Also the required dose of radiation to prevent adult emergence from irradiated 5-days-old pupa was 700 Gy. The dose of 200 Gy caused 100% mortality of irradiated adults 28 days after treatment. In addition, the effect of gamma rays was studied on the developmental stage period of each irradiated stage till adult emergence. The results revealed that there was a dose-dependent increase of the developmental periods. The growth index of adults was significantly decreased with increasing dose of radiation administered to eggs, larvae and pupae. It is recommended that doses between 600 and 700 Gy should be used to control population growth ofO. surinamensiswhen targeting pupae and adults present in stored products.
Nematode Diversity in Banana Rhizosphere From West Bengal, India
Authors: Khan Matiyar , Hasan Mohammed 
Published: October 2010

Nematode Diversity in Banana Rhizosphere From West Bengal, IndiaSurvey on plant and soil nematodes associated with banana plantations in different banana growing districts of West Bengal (India), revealed that the occurrence of the most economically important genera of plant parasitic nematodes werePratylenchus, Meloidogyne, Helicotylenchus, Tylenchorhynchus, Hoplolaimus, Rotylenchulus, Hirschmanniella, Criconemoides.Altogether there were seventeen species of plant parasitic nematodes viz.Pratylenchus coffeae, P. brachyurus, P. similis, Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica, Hoplolaimus indicus, Rotylenchulus reniformis, Helicotylenchus multicinctus, H. abunaamai, H. incisus, H. gratus, H. dihystera, Tylenchorhynchus nudus, T. mashhoodi, T. coffeae, Hirschmanniella mucronataandCriconemoidessp. Among the plant parasitic nematodes,P. coffeae, P. brachyurus, M. incognita, H. multicinctusandR. reniformiswere found as serious pests of banana in West Bengal. The occurrence of the most damaging species,Radopholus similisandHeterodera oryzicolawas not detected in West Bengal, althoughR. similisis reported to occur in Midnapore and Jalpaiguri. Distribution of plant parasitic nematodes associated with the rhizosphere of banana in important banana growing districts of West Bengal, was presented on the basis of information available in the state. Observation of the effects of some banana cultivars/types on the nematode fauna, showed that the cooking banana typeMusa(ABB) cv. Kanchakala andMusa(BBB) cv. Seed Banana supported a huge population ofM. incognitawhich induced severe root galling symptoms. The lesion nematode,P. coffeaewas found infesting all the cultivars/types. It maintained high population densities in the rhizosphere ofMusa(AA) cv. Matti andMusa(ABB) cvs. Kanchkala, Krishna Kanthali whereas the Seed Banana cultivar had a suppressive effect onP. coffeae.The rhizosphere of banana cultivar, Matti exhibited a high population ofH. multicinctus, R. reniformispopulation was recorded in extremely high levels in the rhizosphere of all cultivars/types. Free-living nematodes including rhabditids, dorylaimids, mononchids, were found in abundance in the banana rhizosphere.
Allelopathic Behaviour of Cyperus Rotundus L. On Both CHORCHORUS OLITORIUS (BROAD LEAVED WEED) AND ECHINOCHLOA CRUS-GALLI (GRASSY WEED) ASSOCIATED WITH SOYBEAN
Authors: El-Rokiek Kowthar , El-Din Samia , Sharara Faida 
Published: October 2010

Allelopathic Behaviour ofCyperus RotundusL. On BothCHORCHORUS OLITORIUS(BROAD LEAVED WEED) ANDECHINOCHLOA CRUS-GALLI(GRASSY WEED) ASSOCIATED WITH SOYBEANPurple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) foliage and tubers were tested for allelopathic potential against the following weeds; juteChorchorus olitorius(broad leaved weed), and barnyard grassEchinochloa crus-galli(grassy weed) associated with soybean. In the greenhouse, during 2008 and 2009, foliage and tubers ofC. rotunduswere mixed with soil surface at 20, 40, 60 and 80 g/kg.C. rotundusnegatively affected those of jute and barnyard grass particularly at 80 g. Jute was more susceptible to allelopathy byC. rotundusthan barnyard grass. Inhibition in weed dry matter was higher with tuber than foliage residues. Tuber residues reduced the dry weight of jute and barnyard grass by 85.96% of the control and by 58.28% with 80 g, respectively. On the other hand, soybean growth and yield showed a high significant increase compared with unweeded pots. A high-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed thatC. rotundusfoliage contained the following phenolic acids: caffeic, ferulic, coumaric, benzoic, vanelic, chlorogenic and cinnamic. Tubers contained hydroxybenzoic, caffeic, ferulic, vanelic and chlorogenic.
Studies on Seasonal Abundance of Diamondback Moth Plutella Xylostella (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) On Cauliflower Crop
Authors: Ahmad Tufail , Ansari Mohd 
Published: October 2010

Studies on Seasonal Abundance of Diamondback MothPlutella Xylostella(Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) On Cauliflower CropThe studies on seasonal abundance of diamondback mothPlutella xylostellawere conducted in two years 2004-2005 and 2005-2006. Survey data of three localities of Aligarh district showed that initial infestation byP. xylostellaoccurred when the farmers started transplantation of cauliflower seedlings, the density ofP. xylostellaranged between 0.90 to 2.38 and 0.27 to 5.84 larvae and pupae/plant in I week of July, 2004 and 2005, respectively, and the rate of parasitization was quite low. Temperature and humidity recorded maximum and minimum i.e. 24.15° to 32.91°C and 68.60 to 91.30 percent, respectively. Population build up is usually observed in II to IV week of September.Cotesia plutellaewas found to be a dominant larval parasitoid while,Oomyzus sokolowskiiparasitized relatively few pupae ofP. xylostella.34.77°C significantly (p < 0.01) enhanced the population of DBM also on 8th September, 8th October, 2004 and 26th January, 2005. Rainfall negatively affected the DBM population in 2004-2005 and 2005-2006.
Weed Competitiveness and Herbicidal Sensitivity of Grafted Tomatoes (Solanum Lycopersicon Mill.)
Authors: Ghosheh Hani , Al-Kawamleh Mohammad , Makhadmeh Ibrahim 
Published: October 2010

Weed Competitiveness and Herbicidal Sensitivity of Grafted Tomatoes (Solanum Lycopersicon Mill.)Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted in 2007 and 2008 to evaluate weed competitiveness and herbicidal sensitivity of grafted tomatoes. Three weed interference levels were established in the field by imposing different weeding pressures. Results indicated that grafting of tomato seedlings did not increase the ability of plants to suppress weeds over self rooted plants. Grafted tomatoes had more vigorous growth and fruit yield compared to self rooted tomatoes across all weed levels. Weeds were found to have more prominent adverse effects on tomato productivity, but had less adverse effects on plant growth. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to detect herbicidal sensitivity of grafted and self rooted tomatoes towards metribuzin and sethoxydim herbicides. The experiments revealed that grafted tomatoes showed a relatively higher herbicidal sensitivity than self rooted seedlings. Grafted plants probably were less able to metabolize and detoxify high herbicide rates whenever variations in plant height or dry matter accumulations were detected in the experiments. Researchers and producers should be aware of this newly observed sensitivity when designing herbicide application programs for weed management in grafted crops.
Imidacloprid Applied Through Drip Irrigation as a New Promising Alternative to Control Mealybugs in Tunisian Vineyards
Authors: Mansour Ramzi , Youssfi Fatma , Lebdi Kaouthar , Rezgui Salah 
Published: October 2010

Imidacloprid Applied Through Drip Irrigation as a New Promising Alternative to Control Mealybugs in Tunisian VineyardsMealybugs are serious insect pests in Tunisian vineyards where they can cause major production losses. Thus, a management program of these insects is a priority for grape growers. A summer pesticide trial was conducted in a vineyard, located in the Cap-Bon Region of Tunisia. The trial was carried out to assess the use of imidacloprid, a systemic insecticide, against mealybugs on vine. Imidacloprid was applied through the drip irrigation system for each vine and was then compared to methidathion, a contact insecticide. Imidacloprid was found to be more effective than methidathion on all mealybug developmental stages. In addition to its outstanding, up to 100% efficiency, imidacloprid provided an interesting long-term control of mealybugs. No significant difference was found between the two imidacloprid rates (1 and 2 ml/vine). Methidathion generated an overall low to intermediate efficacy on mealybugs and was more effective on both first instar nymphs and adult females than on the other mealybug developmental stages. Thus, imidacloprid applied through a drip irrigation system is a new promising option to control mealybugs in vineyards. For this reason it can be employed in an integrated management program against these pests in the Tunisian grape-growing area.
Effect of Glomus Mosseae (Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus) On Host - Parasite Relationship of Meloidogyne Incognita (Southern Root-Knot Nematode) on Four Improved Cowpea Varieties
Authors: Odeyemi Ishola , Afolami Steve , Sosanya Olufemi 
Published: October 2010

Effect of Glomus Mosseae (Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus) On Host - Parasite Relationship of Meloidogyne Incognita (Southern Root-Knot Nematode) on Four Improved Cowpea VarietiesTwo pot experiments and a field study were conducted in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The experiments were conducted to determine the effect ofGlomus mosseae, a mycorrhiza fungus, on the reaction of four improved cowpea varieties toMeloidogyne incognita.Cowpea plants were inoculated with a single or a combination of 5 000 eggs ofM. incognitaand 50 g ofG. mosseaeinoculum containing 5 spores/g of soil. The standardized method of screening and reporting resistance of crop germplasm to root-knot nematodes at 60 days after planting, and the modified version of including yield for resistance rating at harvest were used for this study. Root galling due toM. incognitainfection was significantly lower on all the cowpea varieties treated withG. mosseaeand more significantly on IT90K-277-2 and IT89KD-288 in the screenhouse.G. mosseae, suppressed root-knot nematode reproduction on all the varieties compared to cowpea plants infected only byM. incognitaboth in the screenhouse and field experiments. Also,G. mosseaemitigated the damage attributable to the root-knot nematode on all these varieties. Using Gall Index (GI), reproduction factor and yield,G. mosseaewas effective in improving the resistance of the cowpea varieties toM. incognita.IT90K-76 cowpea variety was consistently resistant to the root-knot nematode, while IT90K-277-2 was tolerant withM. incognitainfection but resistant withG. mosseaetreatment. IT90K-941-1 variety was resistant in the screenhouse. The results of this study also confirmedG. mosseaeas a potential bio-control agent forM. incognitaon these cowpea varieties.
Integrated Management Approach for Control of the Pest Complex of Olitorius Jute, Corchorus Olitorius L.
Authors: Rahman Sahidur , Khan Matiyar 
Published: October 2010

Integrated Management Approach for Control of the Pest Complex of Olitorius Jute, Corchorus Olitorius L.
Field trials were conducted with six treatments against the pest complex of olitorius jute var. JRO-524 during 2004 and 2005 at Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, West Bengal, India. The results revealed that incidence of Anomis sabulifera Guen., Spilarctia obliqua Wlk., Myllocerus discolor Bohemus, Apion corchori Marshall and Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks were found causing a minimum of 6.10, 4.68, 12.38, 5.09, and 10.47 percent plant infestation, respectively. These were the results from the 2004 crop season in the IPM module M3 designed against insect, mite and nematode pests as compared to the other treatments. Similar results were obtained in 2005 with a relatively low plant infestation of 7.66, 28.60, 11.90 and 11.21 caused by A. sabulifera, M. discolor, A. corchori and P. latus, respectively, in module M3 as compared to the other treatments. The maximum reduction (69.39 to 82.46%) of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita Chitwood) population along with low gall index (1.33 to 1.67) at harvest was observed in module (M3) in 2004-05. The yellow mite population was observed to be a minimum of 14.33 and 19.33 per leaf in 2004 and 2005, respectively in M3. The maximum average fiber yield of 30.32 q/ha and the benefit-cost ratio of 7.34 were also recorded in M3. Based on the benefit-cost ratio, the performance of the treatments was in the decreasing order of M3 > M2 > M4 > M5 > M1 > M6. Considering performance for managing insect, mites and root-knot nematodes, M3 was the most effective and economical management strategy against the pest complex of olitorius jute. Four spider species viz. Neoscona mukerji Tikader, Neoscona sp., Araneus sp. and Xysticus sp. were recorded for the first time in the jute ecosystem of West Bengal. The pest population in the jute ecosystem could be suppressed naturally to a great extent, because thirteen insects and ten spider predators were encountered in the experimental field during the crop season. Furthermore, a larval parasitoid (Apanteles obliquae) was found acting on the larvae of bihar hairy caterpillars.