bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zum Tragverhalten von Verbunddübeln – Teil 1: Tragverhalten unter statischer Belastung
Authors: Berthellemy Jacques , Lorenc Wojciech , Mensinger Martin , Rauscher Sabine , Seidl Günter 
Published: February 2011

AbstractVerbunddübel stellen eine sehr tragfähige und robuste Verbindung auch bei hochfesten Betonen zwischen Stahlbauteilen und Betonquerschnitten dar. Die Herstellung des Stahldübels ist dabei einfach und wirtschaftlich. Mittels Verbunddübelleisten lassen sich neue Querschnitte für den konstruktiven Ingenieurbau entwickeln. Halbierte Walzprofile, die mit der speziellen Geometrie der Verbunddübel geschnitten wurden, werden als außenliegende Bewehrung im Verbundbau eingesetzt. In zwei Teilaufsätzen wird die Bemessung der Verbunddübel für unterschiedliche Randbedingungen und Belastungsarten erläutert. Der erste Beitrag befasst sich mit der Technologie der Verbunddübel, deren Tragverhalten und der Bemessung der Verbindung unter ruhender Belastung. Das Ermüdungsverhalten ist Schwerpunkt in einem zweiten Aufsatz. Die Problemstellung wird ausführlich erläutert und ein Bemessungsvorschlag auf Grundlage des Strukturspannungskonzeptes vorgestellt.Load bearing behaviour of composite dowels – Static loads (part I). Composite dowels realise a high load bearing capacity for connections between concrete and steel. The technology establishes a short time and cost‐effective production process. Using composite dowels for shear transmission new and innovative cross‐sections can be designed. Halved rolled sections which have been cut along with a specific dowel geometry are applied as external reinforcement. The publication is divided into two parts describing design of composite dowels for different boundary conditions and load cases. Foremost the technology, their load bearing behaviour, the design concepts for composite dowels for static loads are highlighted. The behaviour under cyclic load, will be introduced in a second part. The fatigue behaviour will be explained in detail and design concepts based upon the hot spot stress will be given.
High‐throughput structural biology of metabolic enzymes and its impact on human diseases
Authors: Yue Wyatt W. , Oppermann Udo 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC) is a public‐private partnership that aims to determine the three‐dimensional structures of human proteins of medical relevance and place them into the public domain without restriction. To date, the Oxford Metabolic Enzyme Group at SGC has deposited the structures of more than 140 human metabolic enzymes from diverse protein families such as oxidoreductases, hydrolases, oxygenases and fatty acid transferases. A subset of our target proteins are involved in the inherited disorders of carbohydrate, fatty acid, amino acid and vitamin metabolism. This article will provide an overview of the structural data gathered from our high‐throughput efforts and the lessons learnt in the structure‐function relationship of these enzymes, small molecule development and the molecular basis of disease mutations.
Inclusion of Flaxseed in Hay‐ and Barley Silage Diets Increases Alpha‐Linolenic Acid in Cow Plasma Independent of Forage Type
Authors: He M. L. , Chung Y.‐H. , McAllister T. A. , Beauchemin K. A. , Mir P. S. , Aalhus J. L. , Dugan M. E. R. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractFeeding flaxseed to cattle may be a means of increasing omega‐3 fatty acid levels in ruminant products, but possible interactions with conserved forages have not been investigated. Twelve Holstein cows were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin Square experiment. Cows were fed one of four 50:50 forage:concentrate diets (DM basis): hay (hay control, HC), hay plus 15% ground flaxseed (hay‐flaxseed, HF), barley silage (silage control, SC), and barley silage plus 15% ground flaxseed (silage‐flaxseed, SF). Plasma concentrations of alpha‐linolenic acid (ALA) did not differ between SC and HC diets. Flaxseed increased ALA (P < 0.05), but levels were not influenced by forage type. Flaxseed slightly increased 18:2n‐6 (P < 0.05) and some n‐6 and n‐3 elongation and desaturation products, particularly arachidonic acid (ARA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Flaxseed also increased C18:0 (P < 0.05) with this increase being greater (P < 0.01) for cows fed SF than HF. Feeding flaxseed also increased plasma C18:1‐trans isomers (P < 0.01), predominantly vaccenic acid (VAA, 18:1‐t11), with this increase being greater (P < 0.05) in cows fed HF than SF. Although conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) was increased (P < 0.001) with flaxseed it was not influenced by forage type (P = 0.06). Overall, feeding flaxseed increased plasma ALA, EPA, ARA and CLA independently of forage type. Feeding flaxseed with silage, however, resulted in more 18:0, while feeding flaxseed with hay resulted in greater accumulations of plasma 18:1‐trans isomers mainly in the form of VAA.
The possible selves of young fathers in prison
Authors: Meek Rosie 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTDrawing on the social psychological concept of possible selves, this study explores the future self concept of young fathers in prison. In considering life after release from prison, qualitative data relating to hoped‐for, feared and expected possible selves was generated by 34 young fathers aged between 18 and 21 years. The most common categories of hoped‐for and expected selves related to employment and parenting, whereas feared selves related predominantly to offending or a return to prison. The prevalence of possible selves relating to parenting suggests that parenthood is a key component of the representations of present and future identity of young fathers in prison. Findings are discussed in relation to the positive aspect of parenthood for young men in prison, parenting identities in the transition from custody to community, future research directions and the development of interventions targeting young fathers in prison.
Physical activity buffers the effects of family conflict on depressed mood: A study on adolescent girls and boys
Authors: Sigfusdottir Inga Dora , Asgeirsdottir Bryndis Bjork , Sigurdsson Jon Fridrik , Gudjonsson Gisli H. 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the relationship between physical activity and depressed mood, under conditions of family conflict. We analyze data from a representative sample of 7232 Icelandic adolescents. Analysis of variance was carried out to test for main and interaction effects. The study shows that while family conflict increases the likelihood of depressed mood, among adolescents, physical activity decreases the likelihood of depressed mood. Furthermore, physical activity plays a more important role among those adolescents living in aversive circumstances, than other adolescents, as family conflict and physical activity interact in the effect on depressed mood for adolescents living in such circumstances. The findings highlight the role of physical activity in decreasing mental distress among adolescents, especially those living in aversive circumstances at home.
The Role of Early Re-Resection in pTaG3 Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder
Authors: Vasdev Nikhil , McKie Christopher , Dominguez-Escrig Jose L. , El-Sherif Amira , Johnson Mark I. , Durkan Garrett C. , Rix David A. , Thorpe Andrew C. 
Published: February 2011

Aim: The clinical outcome and optimal treatment methodology for pTaG3 transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder remains controversial. We retrospectively evaluate the clinical behaviour and final outcome of 64 patients diagnosed with primary pTaG3 TCC bladder and evaluate the role of early re-resection following initial diagnosis. Patients and methods: Between January 2000 and December 2008, 64 patients were diagnosed with primary pTaG3 TCC of the urinary bladder at our institution. Following a careful retrospective review of their medical records, clinical parameters including patient age, gender, tumour morphology, operating surgeon's experience and adjuvant therapies were entered into a database. The outcome of re-resection, recurrence rate, progression and overall survival were recorded. All patients had their upper tracts screened with an ultrasound and intravenous urogram (IVU). Results: The mean age at time of diagnosis was 78 years (range 59–98). Seventy seven percent (49) of patients underwent an early re-resection (group 1). Residual tumour was identified in 49% (24) patients and the incidence of tumour upstaging was 10% (7). At re-resection 3% (2) of patients were found to have muscle-invasive disease. Twenty three percent (15) of patients did not have an early re-resection (group 2). There was a significant reduction in the incidence of recurrent TCC in group 1 in comparison to group 2 (5% vs. 62%) [ p < 0.05]. At a mean follow up of 48.9 months (range 12–124), 48 patients (75%) were alive; 25% (16) of patients had died of causes unrelated to bladder cancer. Disease-specific survival in both groups was 100%. Conclusion: pTaG3 TCC of the urinary bladder shows a variable clinical course and early re-resection significantly reduces the risk of recurrence. We strongly recommend treatment with early re-resection and subsequent treatment as per histology at re-resection. All patients with primary pTaG3 TCC of the urinary bladder should be followed up with further close surveillance using a strict follow up as these patients have a potential for disease progression.
Attenuation of experimental pain by vibro‐tactile stimulation in patients with chronic local or widespread musculoskeletal pain
Authors: Staudl Roland , Robinson Michael E. , Goldman Casey T. , Price Donald D. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPatients with chronic pain syndromes, like fibromyalgia (FM) complain of widespread pain and tenderness, as well as non‐refreshing sleep, cognitive dysfunction, and negative mood. Several lines of evidence implicate abnormalities of central pain processing as contributors for chronic pain, including dysfunctional descending pain inhibition. One form of endogenous pain inhibition, diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC), has been found to be abnormal in some chronic pain patients and evidence exists for deficient spatial summation of pain, specifically in FM. Similar findings have been reported in patients with localized musculoskeletal pain (LMP) disorders, like neck and back pain. Whereas DNIC reduces pain through activation of nociceptive afferents, vibro‐tactile pain inhibition involves innocuous A‐beta fiber. To assess whether patients with localized or widespread chronic pain disorders have dysfunctional A‐beta related pain inhibition we enrolled 28 normal pain‐free controls (NC), 29 FM patients, and 19 subjects with neck or back pain. All received 10 s sensitivity‐adjusted noxious heat stimuli to the forearms as test stimuli. To assess endogenous analgesic mechanisms of study subjects, vibro‐tactile conditioning stimuli were simultaneously applied with test stimuli either homotopically or heterotopically. Additionally, the effect of distraction on experimental pain was assessed. Homotopic vibro‐tactile stimulation resulted in 40% heat pain reductions in all subject groups. Distraction did not seem to affect experimental pain ratings. Conclusions: Vibro‐tactile stimulation effectively recruited analgesic mechanisms not only in NC but also in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain, including FM. Distraction did not seem to contribute to this analgesic effect.
Vaginal danazol for women with rectovaginal endometriosis and pain symptoms persisting after insertion of a levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine device
Authors: Ferrero Simone , Tramalloni Daniela , Venturini Pier Luigi , Remorgida Valentino 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of treatment with vaginal danazol in improving the pain symptoms caused by rectovaginal endometriosis that persist after insertion of a levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine device (LNG‐IUD).MethodsThis pilot observational study included 15 women with rectovaginal endometriosis and pain symptoms persisting after LNG‐IUD insertion. Vaginal danazol (100 mg per day) was self‐administered for 6 months. The intensity of pain symptoms and the volume of rectovaginal endometriotic nodules were evaluated.ResultsTwelve women were satisfied or very satisfied with the treatment. After treatment with vaginal danazol for 3 months, there was a significant decrease in the intensity of pain symptoms compared with their intensity before the administration of danazol. The intensity of pain symptoms decreased further at 6‐month follow‐up. The volume of the rectovaginal nodules decreased after treatment with vaginal danazol for 6 months (1.7 ± 0.8 cm3) compared with the baseline volume (2.3 ± 0.9 cm3; P < 0.001). Adverse effects of the treatment were minimal and well tolerated.ConclusionAlthough a placebo effect cannot be excluded, the results indicate that vaginal danazol decreases the severity of endometriosis‐related pain symptoms after LNG‐IUD insertion.
Micro-relief development in polygonal patterned ground in the Dry Valleys of Antarctica
Authors: Hallet Bernard , Sletten Ron , Whilden Kevin 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPolygonal patterned ground in polar regions of both Earth and Mars has received considerable attention. In comparison with the size, shape, and arrangement of the polygons, the diverse micro-relief and topography (termed here simply “relief”) of polygonal patterned ground have been understudied. And yet, the relief reflects important conditions and processes occurring directly below the ground surface, and it can be observed readily in the field and through remote sensing. Herein, we describe the relief characteristic of the simplest and relatively young form of patterned ground in the Dry Valleys of Antarctic. We also develop a numerical model to examine the generation of relief due to subsurface material being shouldered aside contraction cracks by incremental sand wedges growth, and to down-slope creep of loose granular material on the surface. We model the longterm subsurface deformation of ice-cemented permafrost as a non-linear viscous material. Our modeling is guided and validated using decades of field measurements of surface displacements of the permafrost and relief. This work has implications for assessing the activity of surfaces on Earth and Mars, and much larger scale potential manifestations of incremental wedging in icy material, namely the distinct paired ridges on Europa.
Climate and material controls on periglacial soil processes: Toward improving periglacial climate indicators
Authors: Matsuoka Norikazu 
Published: February 2011

AbstractOne of the distinguished efforts of A.L. Washburn was to reconstruct mean annual air temperature using periglacial features as climate indicators. This paper reviews existing periglacial indicators and proposes a strategy to improve their thermal resolution based on recent periglacial process studies, with a focus on solifluction and thermal contraction cracking and associated landforms/structures. Landforms resulting from solifluction reflect both the depth subjected to freeze–thaw and the thickness of frost-susceptible soils. The thickness of a solifluction structure can be used to infer the dominant freeze–thaw regime and minimum seasonal frost depth. Ice-wedge pseudomorphs have limited potential as a climate indicator because (1) they mainly reflect extreme winter temperatures, (2) their thermal thresholds depend on the host material, and (3) they need to be distinguished from frost wedges of other origin produced under different thermal and/or material conditions. Monitoring studies of currently active ice wedges suggest that ice-wedge cracking requires a combination of low temperature and large temperature gradients in the frozen active layer. Further field monitoring of periglacial processes and their controlling factors under various climate conditions and in various materials are needed, however, to improve the resolution of periglacial paleoclimate indicators.
Response of a warm temperate peatland to Holocene climate change in northeastern Pennsylvania
Authors: Cai Shanshan , Yu Zicheng 
Published: February 2011

AbstractStudying boreal-type peatlands near the edge of their southern limit can provide insight into responses of boreal and sub-arctic peatlands to warmer climates. In this study, we investigated peatland history using multi-proxy records of sediment composition, plant macrofossil, pollen, and diatom analysis from a 14C-dated sediment core at Tannersville Bog in northeastern Pennsylvania, USA. Our results indicate that peat accumulation began with lake infilling of a glacial lake at ~ 9 ka as a rich fen dominated by brown mosses. It changed to a poor fen dominated by Cyperaceae (sedges) and Sphagnum (peat mosses) at ~ 1.4 ka and to a Sphagnum-dominated poor fen at ~ 200 cal yr BP (~ AD 1750). Apparent carbon accumulation rates increased from 13.4 to 101.2 g C m− 2 yr− 1 during the last 8000 yr, with a time-averaged mean of 27.3 g C m− 2 yr− 1. This relatively high accumulation rate, compared to many northern peatlands, was likely caused by high primary production associated with a warmer and wetter temperate climate. This study implies that some northern peatlands can continue to serve as carbon sinks under a warmer and wetter climate, providing a negative feedback to climate warming.
Myanmar–China Relations: Interlocking Interests but Independent Output
Authors: GANESAN N. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe bilateral relationship between China and Myanmar is important and intricate despite being asymmetrical in China's favour. Whereas most observers regard the relationship as being heavily weighted in China's favour, Myanmar does have a fair amount of latitude within the relationship that is informed by historical, economic, and strategic considerations. The nationalism and xenophobia present in the attitudes of elite from the Myanmar military junta is both recognized and understood by China that is keen to have a stable peripheral environment. There are also important security issues such as the ethnic armies that currently have a ceasefire arrangement with the junta along the border areas that need to be resolved in a coordinated fashion to prevent negative spillage into China. In light of such special idiosyncratic and terrain considerations, Myanmar wields relative independence within this asymmetrical relationship.
INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSMISSION OF EDUCATION ACROSS EUROPEAN COUNTRIES AND COHORTS
Authors: van Doorn Majka , Pop Ioana , Wolbers Maarten H. J. 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACT
This article investigates the intergenerational transmission of education in 28 European countries. The main aim is to answer the following questions: (1) To what degree are parents' education and the educational attainment of their children related in different countries and cohorts, and (2) how can we explain the country-cohort variation in these effects by looking at contextual characteristics? In order to explain this variation, we focus on the degree of industrialisation, female labour force participation, the structure of the educational system and the political ideology of a country. Regarding industrialisation, we do not only take its size into account, but also the pace of the development. Multilevel estimates on 76,821 individuals nested in 250 country-cohort combinations from three waves of the European Social Survey (2002–2006) show that we cannot fully support the prediction of decreasing intergenerational transmission of education solely under the influence of industrialisation. While being an important factor that positively influences the general level of schooling for a certain cohort in a particular country, its decreasing effect of the parents' education on their children's schooling is complemented by the other interacting contextual factors, such as female labour force participation and the quality of the school system.
WHAT MATTERS IN THE TRANSITION FROM SCHOOL TO VOCATIONAL TRAINING IN GERMANY
Authors: Protsch Paula , Dieckhoff Martina 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACT
The German multi-tiered school system functions as an institutional mechanism which prevents students from certain social class backgrounds from fulfilling their individual learning potential. Their cognitive abilities are not transformed into corresponding school performances and credentials. Against this backdrop, we ask whether the transition from school to vocational training may enable young people with intermediate and those with lower secondary school degrees to demonstrate their cognitive abilities irrespective of school certificates. We further aim to scrutinise the role of personality traits (Big Five) during the transition process. The analyses based on the German Socio-Economic Panel show – in line with previous research – that type of school degree is crucial in the transition process: Those with intermediate school degrees have faster transitions than those with lower degrees. Moreover, our findings suggest that the relative impact of credentials, cognitive abilities, and personality on labour market success cannot be answered universally. Instead, the relevant mechanisms appear to vary substantially by type of school degree.
Plasma total fatty acid responses to exercise following caffeine ingestion
Authors: Olcina Guillermo , Maynar Marcos , Muñoz Diego , Timon Rafael , Caballero Maria Jesus , Maynar Juan 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAerobic exercise is associated with changes in the blood profile of fatty acids. Caffeine is known to be a potential lipolytic agent. Hence, caffeine ingestion in addition to exercise might have an influence on fatty acids, with positive effects on health and performance. The aim of the present study, therefore, was to assess the effect of caffeine (5 mg · kg body mass−1) ingested before aerobic exercise on the total plasma fatty acid profile. In a crossover, double‐blind, randomized study involving 20 untrained males ( 43.57±6.48 ml · kg−1 · min−1), blood lactate concentration, plasma caffeine values, and plasma fatty acid profile were examined using chromatographic techniques before and after 30 min of steady‐state cycle exercise at 75% under placebo and caffeine conditions. Ventilatory responses and substrate oxidation rates were determined during exercise and recovery. Ventilatory responses, lactate concentrations, and fat and carbohydrate oxidation rates were not affected by caffeine ingestion. Carbohydrate was the main substrate oxidized during steady‐state trials under both conditions, although exercise increased blood saturated fatty acids (placebo: 28.30±5.90% vs. 31.09±4.59, P<0.05; caffeine: 28.88±4.12% vs. 29.60±4.56%). Unsaturated blood concentrations of oleic fatty acid trans (C18:1t) increased due to caffeine (placebo: 2.22±2.81% vs. 2.61±3.86%; caffeine 1.53±0.19% vs. 1.70±0.49%, P<0.05). In conclusion, the ingestion of caffeine prior to moderate‐to‐high aerobic exercise may not have a clear metabolic advantage under the conditions of the present study in untrained individuals, although it might influence some individual unsaturated fatty acids (C18:1t) despite low fat oxidation rates.