bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review of the Quality of Information on Bipolar Disorder on the Internet
Authors: Barnes Caryl , Harvey Robin , Wilde Alex , Hadzi-Pavlovic Dusan , Wilhelm Kay , Mitchell Philip B. 
Published: October 2009

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to assess the quality of commonly found websites on bipolar disorder. A specifically designed quality tool, the Bipolar Website Quality Checklist (BWQC), was developed for this purpose. Methods: The BWQC was developed from quality criteria identified by a literature review of Medline (1966 +), Medline in-process and non-indexed citations, PsychINFO, CINAHL, EMBASE, Pub Med, Science citation index, and Psych Articles, using keywords: ‘quality, reliability, accuracy, readability, evaluation, assessment, information, internet, web, www’. To identify relevant websites, seven common search engines were accessed and searched using a string of key words: ‘bipolar disorder + mania+ manic depression+ hypomania’. The top active 15 sites identified were rated by three independent raters, using the BWQC and DISCERN instruments. Results: There was a wide variability in the quality of the websites reviewed. The Black Dog Institute website was ranked first by the BWQC and DISCERN instruments. The National Institute of Mental Health website was ranked second by DISCERN and seventh by BWQC. The BWQC demonstrated high interrater reliability (r = 0.89) and correlated strongly (r = 0.78, p = 0.001) with the more generic DISCERN instrument. Websites with an editorial board or affiliation to a professional organization or which contained information on a variety of mental health issues had higher quality information on bipolar disorder and its treatment than websites that did not share these characteristics. Conclusions: High-quality information on bipolar disorder does exist on the Internet. It is important that clinicians are familiar with such websites so that they can recommend the most appropriate site that meets the specific need of the individual. Use of such websites can assist clinicians in adhering to clinical practice guidelines by providing material to augment psychoeducational interventions.
Factors Affecting Time to Rehospitalization for Chinese Patients with Bipolar I Disorder in Taiwan
Authors: Lin Ching-Hua , Kuo Chao-Chan , Liu Ren-Yi , Huang Ching-Wen , Chen Cheng-Chung 
Published: October 2009

Objective: Bipolar disorder is a recurrent disorder for the vast majority of patients, and hospitalization is normally used to control severe symptoms. The goals of treating bipolar disorder include symptomatic remission, full return of psychosocial functioning, and prevention of relapses/recurrences. Rehospitalization, however, becomes necessary with the relapse/recurrence of severe symptoms. The purpose of the present study was therefore to investigate the risk factors affecting the time to rehospitalization. Method: Rehospitalization status was monitored for all patients with bipolar I disorder discharged from Kai-Suan Psychiatric Hospital between 1 January 2002 and 31 December 2004. Patients were followed up with respect to rehospitalization until 31 December 2005. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to calculate the mean time to rehospitalization within 1 year after discharge. Risk factors associated with rehospitalization were examined using Cox proportional hazards regression model. Results: Four hundred and twenty patients were recruited for the study. Two hundred and eleven patients (50.2%) were readmitted, and the mean time to rehospitalization was 231 days (SD = 7). Bipolar depression at index hospitalization, age at onset, and the number of previous hospitalizations were found to be predictors for time to rehospitalization. Conclusion: Bipolar depression at index hospitalization, the earlier the onset of an affective episode, and a higher number of previous hospitalizations were associated with a shorter time to rehospitalization. Further studies in this field should test risk factors in a prospective study and be conducted in various mental health systems.
The Resource Hub: An Innovative E-Information Service Delivery Model Addressing Mental Health Knowledge Management
Authors: O'Sullivan Julie , Powell Jacinta , Gibbon Peter , Emmerson Brett 
Published: October 2009

Objective: This paper outlines the development of the Resource Hub, an intranet-based electronic information service designed to improve knowledge management and staff satisfaction in the Inner North Brisbane Mental Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Metro North Health Service District. Method: The Resource Hub was launched in April 2007. It encompasses a large range of electronically stored resources and clinically relevant information, including direct links to approved internet sites, psychoeducation resources, fact sheets, resource lists and details of current service research projects. The Hub will continue to expand over time, improving access to clinical service delivery resources. Results: A significant review conducted in April 2008 resulted in modifications to further improve the content and design of the Hub. Ongoing evaluation incorporates regular usage monitoring and stakeholder satisfaction surveys. Conclusions: The Resource Hub is a service delivery innovation that effectively addresses mental health service knowledge management issues. It is a strategy that could readily be transferred to other district mental health services and to health services in general.
Integrated Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Co-Occurring Substance Misuse and Major Depression: Lessons from a Youth Mental Health Service
Authors: Carroll Steve , Hides Leanne , Catania Lisa , Mathias Steve , Greenwood-Smith Catherine , Lubman Dan 
Published: October 2009

Objective: The aim of this paper is to describe a 20-week integrated cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) program addressing co-occurring substance misuse and major depression in young people. Method: Participants were aged between 15 and 25 years, met DSM-IV criteria for major depressive disorder and had at least weekly illicit drug use and/or weekly alcohol use exceeding the Australian national guidelines on alcohol. Results: Between December 2004 and January 2007, an integrated CBT program was offered to 60 young people with co-occurring depression and substance misuse who presented to a youth-specific mental health service. Young people attended for a median of 10.5 sessions. Conclusions: We describe the components of a 20-week integrated CBT program for young people with co-occurring depression and comorbid substance misuse, as well as the challenges associated with providing such treatment. While integrated treatment approaches are recommended as best practice for this population, further evaluation is necessary to determine their effectiveness within routine clinical settings.
What do GPs Want from a Psychiatrist's Letter?
Authors: Selzer Rob , Foley Fiona , Ellen Steve , McGartland Michael 
Published: October 2009

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the preferences of general practitioners (GPs) in reply letters for patients referred for a one-off psychiatric assessment. Method: A sample of GPs referring to a primary mental health team service were mailed a questionnaire inquiring into the usefulness of 21 different letter items. Results: The response rate was 51%. Many of the items in our routine reply letters were rated highly, but others such as developmental history, supplementary information and a comprehensive report were not. Sending a copy of the letter to the patient was rated as useful by only 42.5%. Conclusions: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists’ guidelines for reply letters are endorsed. There are, however, some additional items that GPs may find useful.
Qualitative Research: Why Psychiatrists are Well-Placed to Contribute to the Literature
Authors: Crabb Shona , Chur-Hansen Anna 
Published: October 2009

Objective: The aim of this paper is to outline and review some of the qualitative approaches – specifically interviewing and case studies – that can contribute to psychiatric research, and to highlight the existing skills that psychiatrists can bring to such approaches. Conclusions: Qualitative research methods are currently under-utilized in psychiatric research. Psychiatrists are well placed to utilize qualitative methodologies by applying the skills that they acquire through training and clinical practice. Psychiatrists wishing to conduct research might wish to consider and adopt qualitative methods where appropriate.
Professionalism and Psychiatry: Past, Present, Future
Authors: Bhugra Dinesh 
Published: October 2009

Objectives: Professionalism is a core component of being a good psychiatrist. In spite of repeated attacks on psychiatry as a profession, the knowledge and skills required to be a professional have increased. Setting standards and having autonomy and self regulation are crucial aspects of professionalism. The attacks on the medical profession have been related to a perception that the profession is inward looking. With changes in the knowledge base and ease of access to information, the relationship between the patient and the clinician needs to be revisited. Conclusions: The basic principles of professionalism rely on primacy of patient welfare and patient autonomy. Social justice and a just distribution of finite resources and professional responsibilities need to be redefined. Psychiatry's implicit contract with society needs to be renegotiated for the 21st century.
STAR∗D: Has it Taught us Anything about the Management of Depression?
Authors: Castle David , Schweitzer Isaac , Tiller John 
Published: October 2009

Objective: The aim of this paper was to review the large US National Institute of Mental Health-sponsored depression intervention effectiveness study, STAR∗D, in order to evaluate critically its relevance for Australasian clinicians. Conclusions: STAR∗D is a landmark study which tried to address issues of effectiveness rather than efficacy, of a number of interventions for depression. However, methodological shortcomings limit the utility of the study in informing Australasian clinical practice.
Le Père Étienne Bauny, SJ: la
Somme des péchés qui se commettent en tous états
face aux
Lettres provinciales
Authors: Parish Richard 
Published: October 2009

Résumé

La postérité du Père Bauny se limite pour l'essentiel au statut de celui que Pascal, ou plutôt son porte-parole Louis de Montalte, a combattu dans les
Lettres provinciales
, et qu'il est parvenu à couvrir de ridicule et d'opprobre. Pourtant la
Somme des péchés
, qui se situe dans la longue tradition des manuels à l'usage des confesseurs, se trouve considérablement déformée par le traitement du polémiste. Dans cet article nous cherchons tant soit peu à rééquilibrer les enjeux et à accorder une définition plus objective à la casuistique, tout en admettant qu'un lecteur moderne risque toutefois de trouver l'ouvrage jésuite aussi rébarbatif que sophistique. Après une brève esquisse de certaines de ses caractéristiques les plus saillantes, nous tentons une évaluation des deux théologies qui s'affrontent, et finissons par nous demander quels éléments de leur stratégie éristique furent déterminants pour l'étonnant succès des petites lettres.
Flaubert's Reading Notes on Montaigne
Authors: Chesters Timothy 
Published: October 2009

Abstract

In summer 2008, Flaubert's reading notes on Montaigne's
Essais
and
Journal de voyage
surfaced in a British private collection. The existence of this manuscript had been known about since at least 1931, when it was sold at auction following the death of Flaubert's niece, Caroline. Its rediscovery offers the chance to reassess a much-discussed literary relationship. Scholars have long noted Flaubert's particular affection for Montaigne, an author he calls his ‘père nourricier’. This article, which concentrates on the notes on the
Essais
(those on the
Journal de voyage
will be the subject of a later companion piece), attempts to build on previous studies in three ways. It offers an introduction to the reading notes and seeks to convey a flavour of their content; it embeds them within a broader history of Montaigne's reception in early nineteenth-century France; and it tracks some of the affective, philosophical and aesthetic imprints left by Flaubert's reading of the
Essais
on his published work. Flaubert's notes register a many-faced Montaigne:
égoïste
,
sensible
,
sceptique
, even
bovaryste
. And in his remarks on the style of the
Essais
, he glimpses a new face for his time: that of Montaigne as self-conscious ‘artiste’.
Un grand acteur, un honnête homme: une manifestation de la respectabilité en France au XIX
e
siècle, à travers l'article nécrologique de presse
Authors: Denis Hélène 
Published: October 2009

Résumé
Au dix-neuvième siècle, en France, la mort d'un acteur connu montre une normalisation de la place accordée au sein de la société à un personnage héritier d'une suspicion civile et religieuse séculaire. Depuis la Révolution, la loi d'égalité des citoyens et le pouvoir de l'Église très amoindri, il ne s'agit plus de faire acte de renonciation au métier, de trouver des subterfuges ou de se cacher derrière des demi silences afin de bénéficier des rites communs à l'ensemble des membres de la société. Le rituel mortuaire, effectif et discursif, témoigne de la nouvelle position.
De manière encore plus significative, à travers les échos nécrologiques des journaux, l'époque exprime son souci de respectabilité. En un siècle où le théâtre occupe une place éminente dans la sociabilité et la psychologie des contemporains, les proches, les camarades de troupe ainsi que les journalistes s'emploient à renvoyer une image conformiste de l'artiste défunt, que celle-ci soit ou non proche de la réalité des faits. Le cas de quelques interprètes de la comédie et du vaudeville — genres particulièrement prisés et servis par des talents remarquables — nous introduit à la fois dans l'évolution du statut social de l'acteur et dans les préoccupations comportementales de ses compatriotes.
Maize (Zea mays): A Model Organism for Basic and Applied Research in Plant Biology
Authors: Strable Josh , Scanlon Michael J. 
Published: October 2009

INTRODUCTIONZea mays ssp. mays is one of the world’s most important crop plants, boasting a multibillion dollar annual revenue. In addition to its agronomic importance, maize has been a keystone model organism for basic research for nearly a century. Within the cereals, which include other plant model species such as rice (Oryza sativa), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), wheat (Triticum spp.), and barley (Hordeum vulgare), maize is the most thoroughly researched genetic system. Several attributes of the maize plant, including a vast collection of mutant stocks, large heterochromatic chromosomes, extensive nucleotide diversity, and genic colinearity within related grasses, have positioned this species as a centerpiece for genetic, cytogenetic, and genomic research. As a model organism, maize is the subject of such far-ranging biological investigations as plant domestication, genome evolution, developmental physiology, epigenetics, pest resistance, heterosis, quantitative inheritance, and comparative genomics. These and other studies will be advanced by the completed sequencing and annotation of the maize gene space, which will be realized during 2009. Here we present an overview of the use of maize as a model system and provide links to several protocols that enable its genetic and genomic analysis.
High-Resolution Dual-Trap Optical Tweezers with Differential Detection: Instrument Design
Authors: Bustamante Carlos , Chemla Yann R. , Moffitt Jeffrey R. 
Published: October 2009

INTRODUCTIONOptical traps or “optical tweezers” have become an indispensable tool in understanding fundamental biological processes. In this article, we present the design of a high-resolution optical tweezers, which is designed to minimize sensitivity to environmental noise. When the tether is attached to a stage, resolution is typically limited by drift and fluctuations in the relative position of the stage and trap-forming objective, cued by environmental noise. In a dual-trap design, however, the biological system is decoupled entirely from the stage by utilizing two optical traps to hold both ends of the tether. By holding each end of the molecule in an identical fashion, such dual-trap optical tweezers are less sensitive to drift and fluctuations of mechanical components. In our instrument, we form two traps from two orthogonally polarized beams generated by a single laser. As a result, many optical components and much of the optical path traveled are common to both trapping beams, thus minimizing differential movements of one optical trap relative to the other. Additionally, this economical use of optics creates an instrument that is simple and compact, reducing the number of elements susceptible to environmental fluctuations.
Phenotypic Analysis of Arabidopsis Mutants: Oomycete Pathogens
Authors: Clarke Joseph D. 
Published: October 2009

INTRODUCTIONVarious fungal pathogens are used in Arabidopsis pathogen studies, including Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria brassicicola, Botrytis cinerea, and others. The oomycete pathogen Peronospora parasitica has been used by several groups and is described in this protocol. Working with Peronospora is complicated by the fact that it is an obligate biotroph, and consequently cultures must be maintained on living plants. There is no central repository for Peronospora stocks, but most investigators who work with them are willing to provide samples of infected tissue. These can be used to initiate new stock cultures, or they can be maintained as live cultures on seedlings. One of the most important factors in maintaining Peronospora is the humidity of the growth chamber, which must be kept at a minimum of 80%. Various Peronospora isolates are available. These vary with respect to which Arabidopsis ecotypes they can infect, because some combinations trigger gene-for-gene resistance. Thus, it is important that the appropriate ecotype is inoculated with the appropriate strain of pathogen. The extent of infections can be rated or quantitatively measured as the number of spores produced per plant, and frozen tissue stocks can be prepared from heavily infected tissue.
Fixation and Paraffin-Embedding of Mouse Tissues for GFP Visualization
Authors: Vankelecom Hugo 
Published: October 2009

INTRODUCTIONGreen fluorescent protein (GFP) and its variants are used in many applications, including protein localization, high-throughput screening, and gene discovery. Transgenes that use GFP-based proteins as a reporter provide a convenient way to follow protein expression over the course of development and disease progression in the mouse. The basic principle of visualizing fluorescent proteins is the same as for the fluorophores used in fluorescent microscopy. This protocol describes a method for fixation and paraffin-embedding of fresh mouse embryos or tissue for use in GFP microscopy.
Analysis of In Vivo Protein Complexes by Coimmunoprecipitation from Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Jedamzik Britta , Eckmann Christian R. 
Published: October 2009

INTRODUCTIONProtein coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP) is a method used to analyze in vivo complex formation of various proteins. Although such an analysis supports the coexistence of proteins in a complex, a direct protein-protein interaction cannot be concluded unless further in vitro data are available. This protocol describes how to perform co-IPs from C. elegans whole-worm extracts using protein-specific antibodies. First, we describe how to culture a large number of worms while maintaining their overall appearance and wild-type fertility rates, which are important factors when analyzing the germline tissue. Next, we present a gentle and effective method to generate worm extracts with high protein concentrations that maintain protein complexes of high quality. Finally, we describe how to purify the protein of choice along with its associated complex members. The precipitated protein complex can be analyzed by either immunoblot analysis or mass spectrometry to identify the copurified protein components. When working with RNA-binding proteins, it is of interest to assess whether RNA molecules, rather than a direct interaction between the proteins, might mediate complex formation. For this purpose, an optional RNase digestion step to degrade the RNA in the extract is described.
Analysis of RNA-Protein Complexes by RNA Coimmunoprecipitation and RT-PCR Analysis from Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Jedamzik Britta , Eckmann Christian R. 
Published: October 2009

INTRODUCTIONRNA coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP) experiments are an extension of protein co-IP experiments in which in vivo RNA-protein complexes are investigated. This protocol describes how to perform RNA co-IPs from C. elegans whole-worm extracts. In principle, a protein-specific antibody is used to purify the protein of choice and its associated complex members from worm extract. This may also include RNA molecules associated with other protein components. To identify a specific mRNA molecule, all RNA molecules are first separated from the protein components after immunopurification. The mRNAs are then converted into cDNA by reverse transcription. Candidate mRNAs are detected by sensitive gene-specific amplification via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in a semiquantitative manner. Since RNA molecules are very prone to degradation, it is crucial to avoid any kind of contamination with RNase activity in this experiment.
In Situ Hybridization in the Plant Kalanchoë daigremontiana
Authors: Garcês Helena , Sinha Neelima 
Published: October 2009

INTRODUCTIONHere we describe in detail the detection of gene expression in plant tissues of Kalanchoë daigremontiana by in situ hybridization analyses. Included are methods for making RNA transcript probes, probe-tissue hybridization, and detection of antisense RNA probes. The in situ hybridization technique is used to determine which cells or group of cells in particular tissue(s) express a gene of interest.
Strain Maintenance of Nasonia vitripennis (Parasitoid Wasp)
Authors: Werren John H. , Loehlin David W. 
Published: October 2009

INTRODUCTIONNasonia is a complex of four closely related species of wasps with several features that make it an excellent system for a variety of genetic studies. These include a short generation time, ease of rearing, interfertile species, visible and molecular markers, and a sequenced genome. Furthermore, its parasitoid lifestyle allows investigations of questions relating to parasitoid/host dynamics, host preference, and specialist versus generalist biology. It also can serve as a behavior model for studies of courtship, male aggression and territoriality, female dispersal, and sex ratio control. This protocol describes standard rearing of Nasonia vitripennis strains on Sarcophaga bullata hosts.
Egg Collection for Nasonia (Parasitoid Wasp)
Authors: Werren John H. , Loehlin David W. 
Published: October 2009

INTRODUCTIONNasonia is a complex of four closely related species of wasps with several features that make it an excellent system for a variety of genetic studies. These include a short generation time, ease of rearing, interfertile species, visible and molecular markers, and a sequenced genome. Furthermore, its parasitoid lifestyle allows investigations of questions relating to parasitoid/host dynamics, host preference, and specialist versus generalist biology. It also can serve as a behavior model for studies of courtship, male aggression and territoriality, female dispersal, and sex ratio control. This protocol describes methods to count and/or collect Nasonia eggs. Fly hosts are placed in a foam plug such that only one oviposition site is available to the female wasp.