bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of long‐term fertilization on the transformations of water‐extractable phosphorus in a fluvo‐aquic soil
Authors: Du Changwen , Lei Mingjiang , Zhou Jianmin , Wang Huoyan , Chen Xiaoqin , Yang Yuhua 
Published: May 2010

AbstractImproved information on water‐extractable soil P (Pw) and its distribution in various forms is needed to assess its bioavailability and environmental impact. This study investigated Pw in a fluvo‐aquic soil solution in relation to the continuous application of inorganic fertilizer (NPK) and wheat straw–soybean‐based compost for 15 y. Phosphatase‐hydrolysis techniques were used to fractionate organic P (Po) in water extracts of soil into phosphomonoester (Pom) and phosphodiester (Pod). In comparison with the noncomposted treatments, compost application significantly increased the levels of inorganic P (Pi) and Po. Pom was the main form in water‐extractable soil Po (71%–88%), in which sugar phosphate (Pos) occupied 48%–75%, inositol hexakisphosphate (Pop) comprised 13%–23%, and Pod only accounted for a small percentage (11%–26%). Long‐term compost application significantly increased the content of Pom, Pos, and Pod, but decreased the Pop content; the ratio of Pom to Po increased significantly in compost‐treated soil, but the ratio of Pop to Po and Pod to Po significantly decreased. Thus, the equilibrium of phosphatase involved P transformations shifted to Pi in compost‐treated soil. The phosphomonoesterase and phosphodiesterase activities were significantly higher in compost‐treated soil, which favored the transformations of Pod into Pom and Pom into Pi. The ratio of Po to Pw in water extracts of compost‐treated soil was similar to that of control soils with no fertilizer input (CK), but was significantly lower than in NPK treatment, which demonstrated that a larger increase occurred for soil Pi in water extracts of compost‐treated soil. Long‐term compost application in the fluvo‐aquic soil changed the composition of Pw, promoted the rate of P transformations in soil solution, and significantly increased soil P bioavailability.
Self‐Consistent Field Modeling of Three‐Dimensional Morphologies of Branched Lipid Surfactant at Air‐Water Interface
Authors: Santo Kolattukudy Poulose , Kovalenko Andriy , Stepanova Maria 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThree‐dimensional mesoscopic morphologies and the thermodynamics of structural phase transitions of amphiphilic lipids at air‐water interfaces are studied using self‐consistent field theory. Changing the relative amount of lipids in the system led to a series of 3D morphologic phases with varying average interfacial area per molecule, mimicking a compression of the model membranes. Membranes of both saturated and unsaturated lipids undergo a transition from cylindrical micelle to lamella when the lipid content in the system increases from 2% to about 19–20%. With further increase in the lipid content, saturated lipids first develop non‐uniform quasi‐2D distributions in the lamella and then gradually transform into a hybrid morphology containing quasi‐planar lamellae. In contrast, unsaturated lipids develop reverse‐micellar morphologies.magnified image
Poren per Baukasten
Authors: Kaskel Stefan 
Published: May 2010

AbstractDie Zeit der Aktivkohlen und Zeolithe könnte bald vorbei sein. Modular aus Basischemikalien aufgebaute poröse Festkörper, die Metal Organic Frameworks, MOFs, weisen gigantische Oberflächen auf und haben damit ihre Konkurrenten in nur wenigen Jahren überholt. Einsatzmöglichkeiten der MOFs, insbesondere in der Gasspeicherung und in der heterogenen Katalyse, zeichnen sich bereits ab.
PLAC1 (Placenta‐specific 1): a novel, X‐linked gene with roles in reproductive and cancer biology
Authors: Fant Michael , Farina Antonio , Nagaraja Ramaiah , Schlessinger David 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPlacenta‐specific 1 (PLAC1) is a recently described X‐linked gene with expression restricted primarily to cells derived from trophoblast lineage during embryonic development. PLAC1 localizes to a region of the X chromosome thought to be important in placental development although its role in this process has not been defined. This review summarizes our current understanding of its expression, regulation, and function. PLAC1 is expressed throughout human pregnancy by the differentiated trophoblast and localizes to membranous structures in the syncytiotrophoblast, including the microvillous plasma membrane surface. Recent studies have demonstrated that PLAC1 is also expressed by a wide variety of human cancers. Studies of the PLAC1 promoter regions indicate that its expression in both normal placenta and cancer cells is driven by specific interactions involving a combination of transcription factors. Although functional insight into PLAC1 in the normal trophoblast is lacking, preliminary studies suggest that cancer‐derived PLAC1 has the potential to promote tumor growth and function. In addition, it also appears to elicit a specific immunologic response that may influence survival in some cancer patients, suggesting that it may provide a therapeutic target for the treatment of some cancers. We also discuss a potential role for PLAC1 as a biomarker predictive of specific pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
First‐trimester placental growth factor as a marker for hypertensive disorders and SGA
Authors: Cowans N. J. , Stamatopoulou A. , Matwejew E. , von Kaisenberg C. S. , Spencer K. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to examine first‐trimester maternal serum placental growth factor (PlGF) levels in pregnancies which later develop hypertensive and growth complications.MethodsIn this case–control study, PlGF levels were measured by AutoDELFIA immunoassay platform. There were 47 cases of at least one of the following adverse outcomes: pre‐eclampsia (PE), small for gestational age (SGA), haemolysis elevated liver enzymes and low platelets (HELLP) and gestational hypertension (GH) and 452 matched controls.ResultsPlGF levels were significantly lower in cases of all PE, early PE, HELLP, all SGA, early SGA and SGA without PE, but not in GH, late PE, late SGA, PE with SGA or PE without SGA or HELLP.ConclusionLow levels of first‐trimester PlGF provide a good indicator of SGA complications and some hypertensive disorders, in particular severe cases of PE such as early onset and HELLP syndrome. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gene optimization mechanisms: A multi‐gene study reveals a high success rate of full‐length human proteins expressed in Escherichia coli
Authors: Maertens Barbara , Spriestersbach Anne , von Groll Uritza , Roth Udo , Kubicek Jan , Gerrits Michael , Graf Marcus , Liss Michael , Daubert Daniela , Wagner Ralf , Schäfer Frank 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe genetic code is universal, but recombinant protein expression in heterologous systems is often hampered by divergent codon usage. Here, we demonstrate that reprogramming by standardized multi‐parameter gene optimization software and de novo gene synthesis is a suitable general strategy to improve heterologous protein expression. This study compares expression levels of 94 full‐length human wt and sequence‐optimized genes coding for pharmaceutically important proteins such as kinases and membrane proteins in E. coli. Fluorescence‐based quantification revealed increased protein yields for 70% of in vivo expressed optimized genes compared to the wt DNA sequences and also resulted in increased amounts of protein that can be purified. The improvement in transgene expression correlated with higher mRNA levels in our analyzed examples. In all cases tested, expression levels using wt genes in tRNA‐supplemented bacterial strains were outperformed by optimized genes expressed in non‐supplemented host cells.
Exchange coupling in transition‐metal nanoclusters on Cu(001) and Cu(111) surfaces
Authors: Mavropoulos Phivos , Lounis Samir , Blügel Stefan 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe present results of density‐functional calculations on the magnetic properties of Cr, Mn, Fe and Co nanoclusters (1–9 atoms large) supported on Cu(001) and Cu(111). The inter‐atomic exchange coupling is found to depend on competing mechanisms, namely ferromagnetic double exchange and antiferromagnetic kinetic exchange. Hybridization‐induced broadening of the resonances is shown to be important for the coupling strength. The cluster shape is found to affect the coupling via a mechanism that comprises the different orientation of the atomic d‐orbitals and the strength of nearest‐neighbour hopping. Especially in Fe clusters, a correlation of binding energy and exchange coupling is also revealed.
Estimation of environmental force for the haptic interface of robotic surgery
Authors: Son Hyoung Il , Bhattacharjee Tapomayukh , Lee Doo Yong 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe success of a telerobotic surgery system with haptic feedback requires accurate force‐tracking and position‐tracking capacity of the slave robot. The two‐channel force‐position control architecture is widely used in teleoperation systems with haptic feedback for its better force‐tracking characteristics and superior position‐tracking capacity for the maximum stability margin. This control architecture, however, requires force sensors at the end‐effector of the slave robot to measure the environment force. However, it is difficult to attach force sensors to slave robots, mainly due to their large size, insulation issues and also large currents often flowing through the end‐effector for incision or cautery of tissues.MethodsThis paper provides a method to estimate the environment force, using a function parameter matrix and a recursive least‐squares method. The estimated force is used to feed back the force information to the surgeon through the control architecture without involving the force sensors.ResultsThe simulation and experimental results verify the efficacy of the proposed method. The force estimation error is negligible and the slave device successfully tracks the position of the master device while the stability of the teleoperation system is maintained.ConclusionsThe developed method allows practical haptic feedback for telerobotic surgery systems in the two‐channel force–position control scheme without the direct employment of force sensors at the end‐effector of the slave robot. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation, Crystal Structures and Thermal Decomposition of Ba2(EDTA) and Ba2(EDTA)·2.5H2O
Authors: Chen Shuang , Hoffmann Stefan , Prots Yurii , Zhao Jing‐Tai , Kniep Rüdiger 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe barium ethylenediaminetetraacetato (EDTA) complexes, Ba2(EDTA) and Ba2(EDTA)·2.5H2O, were hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray structure determination. Ba2(EDTA) (monoclinic, P21/c, (No.14), a = 9.7651(10) Å, b = 8.0870(6) Å, c = 10.3313(11) Å, β = 118.024(4)°, V = 720.20(12) Å3, Z = 2) exhibits a layered arrangement of coordination polyhedra around barium whereas in the crystal structure of Ba2(EDTA)·2.5H2O (tetragonal, P4nc, (No.104), a = 19.7126(7) Å, c = 8.9813(4) Å, V = 3490.0(2) Å3, Z = 8) a completely different three dimensional framework containing wide channels is formed. Thermoanalytical investigations reveal a reversible dehydration behavior for Ba2(EDTA)·2.5H2O. The anhydrous form was characterized by PXRD (tP, a = b = 19.226(10) Å, c = 8.986(3) Å, V = 3335.4(3) Å3) and is assumed to be closely related to the crystal structure of the hydrated starting material. The final decomposition product of both compounds after heating in air up to 1000 °C was found to consist of pure BaCO3.
Counterion Effect of Cationic Surfactants Upon the Interaction with Poly(methacrylic acid)
Authors: Anghel Dan Florin , Saito Shuji , Iovescu Alina , Băran Adriana , Stîngă Gabriela 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis work investigates decylammonium salts, with inorganic (chloride and thiocyanate) and organic (acetate and butyrate) counterions, in interaction with poly(methacrylic acid) (PMA). The study is conducted by means of surface tension, relative viscosity and pH measurements. The role of the methyl group in PMA appears by comparison with analogous mixtures of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA). In aqueous solution, a non‐cooperative interacti between the surfactant and the hydrophobic microdomains (HMD) of PMA starts first. With surfactant addition, micellar aggregates bound onto the polymer chain appear at a concentration T1, which is higher than for the analogous PAA systems, but lower than the respective CMC. T1 is lower for chloride than for thiocyanate and lower for acetate than for butyrate. Depending on the counterion, the HMD conceal or expose carboxyl groups, with influence upon the interaction strength and the bulk and surface behavior. Stronger interactions and maxima of surface tension and relative viscosity appear for the systems with organic counterions. An estimation of the interaction strength shows weaker surfactant interactions with PMA than with PAA, and that acetate induces the strongest interaction while thiocyanate the weakest.
Factors related to obesity among Iranian men: results from the National Health Survey
Authors: Bakhshi Enayatollah , Mohammad Kazem , Eshraghian Mohammad R , Seifi Behjat 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo our knowledge, only a few Iranian studies have investigated factors associated with obesity among men. The aims of the present study were to explore the associations between sociodemographic factors, smoking and obesity in Iranian men and compare these associations between Iranian men and women.DesignWe used data from the National Health Survey in Iran. A generalised estimating equations model included 11 697 men and 14 854 women aged 20–69 years (12 850 households). Body weight and height were objectively measured. BMI was calculated as kg/m2, and subjects were classified into obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and non-obese (BMI < 30 kg/m2).ResultsAmong men, adjusted obesity OR were 0·62 (95 % CI 0·52, 0·74), 1·09 (95 % CI 0·90, 1·32), 1·003 (95 % CI 1·00, 1·007) and 0·57 (95 % CI 0·40, 0·81) for smokers, married, economic index and active workforce groups, respectively. Using low education as the reference group, the obesity OR for men were 1·06 (95 % CI 0·89, 1·26) and 0·75 (95 % CI 0·57, 0·99) for the moderate and high education groups, respectively. Using rural as the reference group, the obesity OR was 1·87 (95 % CI 1·56, 2·26) for urban men.ConclusionsOur findings may point towards a better understanding of the social and cultural mechanisms of obesity in Iranian men. The above sociodemographic factors are large contributors to obesity and provide the greatest opportunity for actions and interventions designed for prevention and treatment.
Infant and young child feeding indicators across nine East and Southeast Asian countries: an analysis of National Survey Data 2000–2005
Authors: Dibley Michael J , Senarath Upul , Agho Kingsley E 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo compare infant and young child feeding practices in children aged 0–23 months across nine East and Southeast Asian countries.DesignSecondary analyses of cross-sectional data from available Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS; Indonesia, Philippines, Timor-Leste, Cambodia and Vietnam), Multiple Indicator Country Surveys (Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) and Myanmar) and national nutrition surveys (Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPR Korea) and Mongolia) conducted between 2000 and 2005.SettingSeven countries from Southeast Asia and two from East Asia.SubjectsChildren aged 0–23 months with samples ranging from 826 to 5610 for DHS, and from 477 to 5860 for non-DHS data.ResultsMore than 93 % of infants were ever breast-fed, and over 75 % were currently breast-fed except in the Philippines. Timely initiation of breast-feeding varied from 32 % in Indonesia to 46 % in Timor-Leste. Exclusive breast-feeding (EBF) rate in infants under 6 months of age ranged from 11 % in Myanmar to 60 % in Cambodia. EBF rates were also low in Vietnam (15·5 %) and Lao PDR (23 %), and varied between 30 % and 40 % in Indonesia, Philippines and Timor-Leste. The proportion of infants under 6 months of age who were given breast milk with non-milk liquids was high except in Indonesia and Timor-Leste. Bottle-feeding rates were lower in DPR Korea (3 %), Lao PDR (6 %) and Myanmar (6 %) and higher in the Philippines (49 %) and Mongolia (31 %). Timely complementary-feeding rate varied widely across countries (6–99 %).ConclusionsAll the countries studied should make greater efforts to improve timely initiation of breast-feeding and EBF for 6 months. Measures should be taken to reduce high bottle-feeding rate in the Philippines, Mongolia, Indonesia and Vietnam, and improve complementary-feeding rate in Lao PDR, Myanmar, DPR Korea and Philippines.
Response and responsibility (before and after the ‘facts’). Postcolonial thoughts on ethical writing
Authors: Richard François G. 
Published: May 2010

Let me begin by expressing my heartfelt thanks to Sarah Croucher, Audrey Horning, Tim Insoll and Peter van Dommelen for their thoughtful comments. It is not uncommon for academic critique to be seduced by the facility ofcriticism, to draw its impulse from what, with Freud, we might call the ‘narcissism of small differences’, and proceed with the obstinacy of the hatchet headed for the jugular . . . More artful, and far more difficult, is a form of engagement that gives more than it takes, that disputes but in the spirit of generous exchange. I feel that the respondents have accomplished precisely that. They have crafted a space of ‘hospitable’ discussion (cf. Derrida 2000), which rests on a double movement of ‘interruption’ (Westmoreland 2008): of their plane of thoughts, by bringing my article within the ambit of their conversations; and of my ideas, by making them a little less self-evident, a little less ‘at home’. This act of ‘making strange’ – when one's viewpoints acquire a different face as they are presented anew through the minds of others – is the cloth of which constructive dialogue is made.
Who needs colonoscopy to identify colorectal cancer? Bowel symptoms do not add substantially to age and other medical history
Authors: Adelstein B.‐A. , Irwig L. , Macaskill P. , Turner R. M. , Chan S. F. , Katelaris P. H. 
Published: May 2010

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 32: 270–281SummaryBackground  Many bodies advise that people with bowel symptoms undergo colonoscopy to detect colorectal cancer.Aim  To determine which bowel symptoms predict cancer on colonoscopy.Methods  Information was collected on symptoms, demographics and medical history from patients subsequently undergoing colonoscopy. Multiple logistic regression modelling was used to identify predictors of colorectal cancer. An ROC curve was estimated for each model, and the area under the curve (AUC) was computed.Results  Cancer was found in 159 patients and no cancer or adenoma in 7577 patients. Bowel symptoms that predicted cancer were rectal bleeding, change in bowel habit and rectal mucus. Prediction was the strongest in patients who had symptoms at least weekly and commencing within the previous 12 months; abdominal pain was predictive only in such patients. The odds ratios never exceeded 4.27. A model based on age, gender, and medical history was highly predictive (AUC = 0.79). Adding symptoms to this model increased the AUC to 0.85.Conclusions  This model predicts patients in whom colonoscopy will have the highest yield. Conversely, colonoscopy can be avoided in people at low risk: in our study, 95% of cancers could have been detected by doing only 60% of the colonoscopies.
A literature review comparing the experiences and emergent needs of adult patients with permanent pacemakers (PPMs) and implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs)
Authors: Tagney Jenny 
Published: May 2010

Aims and objectives. This literature review aims to critically appraise any published studies that compare the experiences of patients with permanent pacemakers and those with implantable cardioverter defibrillators. It seeks to identify issues that are similar or unique to one or other group; whether identified needs are being met by current nursing practice and considers how any gaps might be addressed.Background. Increasing numbers of patients are receiving pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) as indications for devices continue to expand worldwide. Technical follow‐up of such patients is well structured. There is an increasing body of knowledge regarding ICD patients’ experiences with promising work testing recovery interventions but less seems to be known about pacemaker patients.Design. Systematic review.Methods. Using an integrative approach, electronic searches using comprehensive search terms were supplemented by following reference lists and key journals from 1975–2008.Conclusion. From the direct comparison studies identified, ICD patients who experience shocks are more likely to report lifestyle limitations than pacemaker patients. However, ICD and pacemaker patients share similar outcomes, with both groups reporting increased anxiety and depression. Whilst experiences of ICD patients have been well reported, experiences of patients receiving pacemakers for any reason and pacemakers or ICDs for heart failure (bi‐ventricular devices or cardiac resynchronisation therapy – CRT) remain largely unknown. Although psychosocial interventions are suggested for both groups, these have apparently only been tested and reported for ICD patients.Relevance to clinical practice. Nurses internationally encounter increasing numbers of patients with pacemakers and ICDs from primary to tertiary clinical care settings, therefore knowledge of patient experiences relating to such devices and their impact is important to inform care planning. Whilst interventions to assist ICD patients are being tested, further research is required regarding the experiences of patients with contemporary pacemakers to inform care planning and potential nursing support interventions.
Diabetes‐specific emotional distress mediates the association between depressive symptoms and glycaemic control in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Van Bastelaar K. M. P. , Pouwer F. , Geelhoed‐Duijvestijn P. H. L. M. , Tack C. J. , Bazelmans E. , Beekman A. T. , Heine R. J. , Snoek F. J. 
Published: May 2010

Diabet. Med. 27, 798–803 (2010)AbstractObjectives  To investigate whether diabetes‐specific emotional distress mediates the relationship between depression and glycaemic control in patients with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.Research design and methods  Data were derived from the baseline assessment of a depression in diabetes screening study carried out in three tertiary diabetes clinics in the Netherlands. Most recent glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) measurement was obtained from medical records. The Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D) and Problem Areas in Diabetes scale (PAID) were used to measure depression and diabetes‐specific emotional distress respectively. Linear regression was performed to examine the mediating effect of diabetes–distress.Results  Complete data were available for 627 outpatients with Type 1 (n = 280) and Type 2 (n = 347) diabetes. Analyses showed that diabetes–distress mediated the relation between depression and glycaemic control and not differently for both disease types. Post‐hoc analyses revealed that patients depressed and distressed by their diabetes were in significantly poorer glycaemic control relative to those not depressed nor distressed (HbA1c 8.7 ± 1.7 vs. 7.6 ± 1.2% in those without depressive symptoms, 7.6 ± 1.1% in depressed only and 7.7 ± 1.1% in the distressed only, P < 0.001). Depressed patients without elevated diabetes‐distress did not show a significantly increased risk of elevated HbA1c.Conclusions  In explaining the association between depression and glycaemic control, diabetes‐specific emotional distress appears to be an important mediator. Addressing diabetes‐specific emotional problems as part of depression treatment in diabetes patients may help improve glycaemic outcomes.