bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unveiling obstacles and Possibilities for Gender Equality in Governance Structures in Tanzania
Authors: Genda Elizabeth Lulu 
Published: May 2024

Tanzania has made stride in enhancing women’s political representation through initiatives such as gender quotas and reserved seats in parliament. However, the translation of representation into substantive participation and influence remains a challenge. The paper employs and adopts a survey design with a descriptive approach, utilizing questionnaire for data collection. The collected data from 230 civil servants underwent descriptive analysis. The findings shed light on various challenges including limited representation, discriminatory legal frameworks, sociocultural barriers, restricted access to resources, institutional biases, violence/harassment, lack of gendersensitive policies, underrepresentation in leadership, and inadequate support systems. These challenges collectively underscore the barriers to gender equality in Tanzanian governance structures. The paper concludes that while Tanzania has witnessed advancement in women’s political representation, there are persistent challenges impeding substantive gender equality in governance structures. The paper recommends the following: implement gender –sensitive policies, enact legal reforms to remove barriers, strengthen women’s empowerment programs, conduct education and awareness campaigns, undertake institutional reforms to address biases, and foster supportive leadership to create an inclusive and equitable governance environment that enables women to actively participate in decision making process and contribute to positive governance outcomes.
Батько й син аль-Асади: спільні й відмінні риси державної політики
Authors: Зелінський А.Л. 
Published: May 2024

Сирійська президентська династія аль-Асадів є класичним прикладом спадкової диктатури. При цьому державна політика Хафеза аль-Асада і його сина Башара має між собою більше відмінного, ніж спільного.
Алавіт Х. аль-Асад узурпував державну владу Сирії завдяки власним зусиллям і здібностям. Внаслідок сукупності суспільно-політичних і соціально-економічних реформ він перетворив Сирію на державу страху, котра забезпечувала тим, хто її боїться соціальну мобільність і захищеність від злиднів. Водночас, суніти, котрі відмовлялися від політизації ісламу, могли сповідувати свою релігію і займати високі державні посади, а курди, котрі погоджувалися на арабізацію – реалізуватися у бізнесі, бюрократичному апараті чи релігійних структурах. Окрім цього, Х. аль-Асад, шляхом втручання у внутрішні справи Лівану, перетворив Сирію з політичного об’єкту на регіональний політичний суб’єкт, що імпонувало сирійцям.
Б. аль-Асад, котрий отримав президентську владу від батька, не зміг стати його повноцінною заміною. Разом із владою він дістав низку соціально-економічних викликів. Вони загрожували можливості держави забезпечувати населення необхідною кількістю «хліба в обмін на свободу» і вимагали термінового реагування. Б. аль-Асад по суті відмовився піти торованим шляхом поміркованої політичної й економічної лібералізації країни. Він надуживав державним «батогом» щоб приборкати демократичну опозицію та курдський національний рух. Водночас, Б. аль-Асад з тактичних міркувань загравав з сунітськими ісламістами. Нарешті, його провальна ліванська політика стала початком кінця сирійської регіональної суб’єктності.
Громадянська війна, котра стала наслідком державної політики Б. аль-Асада, нічому його не навчила. Зрештою, він віддався на милість іноземних покровителів в особі РФ та Ірану, перетворившись на їхню маріонетку. Слабкість його владних позицій виключає можливість подальшого продовження президентської династії аль-Асадів.
CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA TÉCNICA DE AMAMENTAÇÃO ENTRE GESTANTES DE UMA UNIDADE DE SAÚDE DO ESTADO DO ACRE
Authors: das Chagas Souza da Silva Francisca , Da Costa Amâncio Diná Milena , Fonte de Souza Mauriene , Silva Lima da Costa Ruth 
Published: May 2024

O ato de amamentar é uma estratégia natural que fortalece vínculos afetivos, protege e nutre a criança. Práticas educativas durante o pré-natal têm o potencial de capacitar as mulheres a superarem os desafios da amamentação. Objetivo: Demonstrar a eficácia do ensino da técnica de amamentação entre gestantes atendidas em uma Unidade de Saúde do Acre. Método: Trata-se de um estudo de abordagem qualitativa, cuja amostra foi composta por oito gestantes. Os dados foram coletados por meio de grupo focal, e a análise foi conduzida utilizando a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Estruturados em três categorias de análise: Conhecimento sobre aleitamento materno; Posição correta durante amamentação e Compreensão da boa e má pega. Os resultados demonstraram que antes da intervenção, as gestantes apresentaram entendimentos diversos e, em alguns casos, limitados sobre os temas. No entanto, após receberem informações educativas, elas evidenciaram uma compreensão mais sólida e clara, reconhecendo a importância do aleitamento materno para a saúde do bebê e para estabelecer vínculos afetivos. Além disso, passaram a compreender melhor a relevância da posição correta durante a amamentação e as diferenças entre uma boa pega e má pega. Essa evolução sugere que a intervenção educativa foi eficaz em preparar as gestantes para uma experiência de amamentação mais positiva e saudável. Conclusão: A pesquisa evidencia que a intervenção educativa aprimorou o entendimento das mulheres sobre o tema. Isso sugere que uma preparação mais eficiente pode conduzir a uma experiência de amamentação mais positiva, beneficiando tanto a mãe quanto o bebê.
O USO DA FIBRINA RICA EM PLAQUETAS E LEUCÓCITOS (L-PRF) NA ALVEOLOPLASTIA PRÉ-PROTÉTICA: RELATO DE CASO CLÍNICO
Authors: Dos Santos Damascena Júnior Adilson , Silva Lima Gabriela , Souza Figueiredo Júnior Janilson , Gabriele Gomes Cerqueira Sobral Linda , Fernandes Silva Tavares Frinéia 
Published: May 2024

O L-PRF é um biomaterial autólogo amplamente utilizado na Odontologia, conhecido por estimular a regeneração tecidual e prevenir complicações pós-cirúrgicas. Na cirurgia pré-protética, especialmente na alveoloplastia, sua aplicação promove a cicatrização e a formação de novo tecido ósseo, otimizando a adaptação das próteses dentárias e melhorando os resultados estéticos e funcionais. O objetivo deste relato de caso foi identificar a efetividade do uso deste material na obtenção de um rebordo alveolar para reabilitação, investigando a aplicabilidade do L-PRF na alveoloplastia pré-protética. Para isso, foram realizadas seis consultas ao longo de um semestre com um paciente submetido a exames clínicos e radiográficos para planejar o tratamento. Após diagnóstico de doença periodontal generalizada, estágio IV, e planejamento adequado, foi realizada a extração de múltiplos dentes comprometidos, seguida pela aplicação do L-PRF para promover a regeneração tecidual e preservação óssea. A partir dos resultados obtidos com o procedimento e ao revisar a literatura, foi possível observar que a técnica utilizada é uma proposta promissora para uma melhor cicatrização seguida de uma adequada remodelação óssea que pode ser reproduzida e empregada na área de reabilitação odontológica.
Antroponimia dieciochesca en Texas: primeras aproximaciones a su estudio diacrónico
Authors: José Armando  , Paredes García Carlos 
Published: May 2024

En los últimos años, es bien sabido que algunos estudiosos han abordado la onomástica (Billy, 1993: 5; Rebollo Torío, 1995: 399), sin embargo, lo cierto es que en el campo de los nombres de persona –muy especialmente en el continente americano– aún han tenido poca atención (San Martín Gómez, 2021, 2021b, 2022). De este modo, el presente trabajo pretende atender esta necesidad analizando los antropónimos utilizados en Texas durante finales del siglo XVIII en los 28 documentos de la antología editada por Paredes García (2021) a través de la metodología utilizada por Roldan Sánchez (1998) y San Martín Gómez (2021, 2021b, 2022) en otros estudios diacrónicos a partir de un análisis de los nombres simples, compuestos y del uso del IVO (índice de variación onomástica) empleado por este último. En concreto, los objetivos de este trabajo son: 1) aportar una primera aproximación al análisis de los antropónimos de este territorio a finales del siglo dieciocho; 2) analizar la distribución del nombre propio de acuerdo a su estructura simple y compuesta para determinar sus preferencias; 3) observar las ocurrencias de los antropónimos del corpus para determinar los nombres más populares, así como los menos comunes y; 4) por último, en la medida de lo posible, establecer comparaciones con otras zonas de dominio hispánico durante este periodo. En los resultados, salta a la vista la preferencia de nombres simples frente a compuestos, la ausencia de nombres femeninos en el corpus debido al tipo de documentos analizados, así como la tendencia al uso de hagiónimos al momento de seleccionar un antropónimo. Finalmente, a partir de estos resultados extraídos, el propósito de este estudio es abrir nuevas vías de investigación y reflexiones que contribuyan al estudio diacrónico de los antropónimos en Texas y otras zonas aledañas que puedan verse influenciadas por esta región para ofrecer nuevos datos sobre la configuración antroponímica de los nombres en español en América.
Boston, Not Birmingham
Authors: Miletsky Zebulon Vance 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines and repositions the Boston busing crisis of the mid-1970s within the broader context of the long history of civil rights activism in the city. Instead of a narrative focused almost exclusively (and somewhat sympathetically) on white reaction, as has been the case in books like Common Ground or Boston Against Busing, here, African American agency and activism takes center stage, situating the busing program as the culmination of nearly three decades of consistent political organizing by black Bostonians. In addition to community organizing and protest politics, this is also the story of a decades long legal battle, pressed by community activists like Ruth Batson and championed by African American lawyers like Nathaniel Jones in the NAACP and their allies. The ultimate result was the historic Morgan vs. Hennigan (1974) decision, which defined the busing controversy in the city for the next decade and a half. In this light, black Bostonians were not merely pawns of Judge Garrity’s “judicial activism,” as is often suggested, but engaged participants in the unfolding drama. Finally, the chapter will also explore the underpinnings of white resistance as a more pervasive phenomenon than commonly thought.
Epilogue
Authors: Miletsky Zebulon Vance 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The Epilogue seeks to ask and answer: “Now that we understand the Boston busing crisis of the mid-1970s differently, what are the implications for how we think about what has happened in the decades since then? How does a shift in our thinking about the past help us draw fresh insights about the present, so that we might constructively shape our collective future?” As it was across the history explored in Before Busing, education continues to be a central touchstone of struggles over equality and opportunity, community and belonging, democracy and social justice in Boston and throughout the US. And as this manuscript demonstrates, education intersects with other fundamental issues, from economic inequality to housing; social segregation and transportation; political power and policing; nutrition and mental health. Black Bostonians, from students, parents, and teachers, to administrators and political leaders, as well as business and religious figures, have continued to fight for their own vision of educational equality, with and against forces that sometimes do, but often don’t, have the best interest of their children at heart. In order to provide every child with a high-quality education, we must grapple with these complexities and develop a broad plan of action.
Surviving
Authors: McNamara Sarah 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chapter 3, “Surviving,” explores the years from 1939 through 1946, when the rise of national anti-radicalism collided with restrictive immigration policies that forced Latinas/os to navigate a society that barred them from access to social services as a result of a locally constructed stigma of latinidad. This chapter analyzes the ways women and men of both the immigrant and U.S.-born generations fought against these racial and ethnic stereotypes through new forms of advocacy that pushed them beyond the borders of Ybor City and, for many, left avenues to perform what ethnic Americanism meant to them in the midst of World War II.
Finding
Authors: McNamara Sarah 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
As the conclusion notes, the history of Ybor City is not just a story of building an economy and resisting oppression, but one of learning to survive in the South and understanding how people remake themselves. The author concludes that the history of Ybor City is a story of how people, places, and politics become who and what they are as they reflect on the memory of Ybor City and their own position within this broader history.
We Have Been Unable to Find Any Precedent
Authors: Shull Kristina 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on US foreign policy and governmental responses to Haitian asylum-seekers arriving in the United States in the 1970s and 1980s that included detention in prisons and jails, interdiction on the high seas, and attempts to deter migration through free trade and foreign aid policies. It also introduces forms of refugee and public protest against detention, interdiction, and systematic denial of Haitian asylum claims. Anti-Black racism and discrimination experienced by Haitians, and later, Mariel Cubans, in the US immigration system under the Carter administration laid the groundwork for the Reagan administration’s establishment of the Mass Immigration Emergency Plan of 1982 and the Haitian interdiction program. It details how the United States government and Associate Attorney General Rudy Giuliani pursued relations with the totalitarian yet anti-communist leadership of Haiti’s Duvalier regime to justify detention and interdiction policies, and a neoliberal free trade agreement called the Caribbean Basin Initiative. The Reagan administration’s legal justifications for the Haitian interdiction program served to expand US executive power to police immigration beyond US borders. Meanwhile, Haitians expressed resistance from detention, most notably by organizing hunger strikes with public support of legal, African American, and feminist advocacy groups and civil rights leader Jesse Jackson.
Writing about the Abuses against Us
Authors: Shull Kristina 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The book’s Postscript explores the legacies of Reagan-era immigration detention policymaking by detailing how the subsequent Clinton, Bush Jr., Obama, and Trump administrations embraced policies of “crimmigration” to expand immigration detention and surveillance practices, militarized border enforcement, and prison privatization. It recounts events surrounding an uprising at a private contract immigration detention facility in Elizabeth, New Jersey in the 1990s that led to a class-action lawsuit seeking redress, and community-led efforts over subsequent decades to challenge abusive detention conditions and practices by supporting and visiting people inside. It reflects upon personal and collective storytelling as effective modes of resistance to detention and introduces the concept of “abolitionist imaginaries” as a collective vision of a world without immigration detention, police, prisons, and/or borders.
The Women of Kerman
Authors: Afkhami Mahnaz 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter describes the author’s early life in the small desert city of Kerman, Iran, where she was born into a family descended from a Qajar prince on her father’s side. When her maternal grandmother converted to the Baha’i faith, her husband’s family forced him to divorce her, thus contributing to a history of strong, independent women as formative role models in the author’s family. The author recounts stories of her nanny, the keeper of myths and traditions, telling her Iranian folk tales and scaring her with stories of the jinn. She also recounts going to the communal baths with the female members of her family, where she absorbed a great deal of information and misinformation about the rites of passage and sexual lives of women.
Return to Iran
Authors: Afkhami Mahnaz 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In 1967 the author and her husband returned to Iran with their three-year old son. She was offered a job teaching literature at the National University of Iran and soon became department chair, as she negotiated the differences in classroom cultures between the United States and Iran. Through the Iran-America Society, she met and became close friends with the Iranian poet Tahereh Saffarzadeh. She organized a group that became the University Women’s Association, which held a lecture series discussing several aspects of tradition and modernity and the role of religion in women’s lives. Through these conversations, she realized that the role of women is the pillar that holds up the entire edifice of culture, religion, and tradition, and that once this pillar is shaken, the entire structure begins to tremble. She also realized that real change must come from women themselves. They will have to assert their right to refuse to choose between faith and freedom. Once they understand their power to choose, and to interpret their faith as they see fit, they can then define their relationship with their faith so as to derive the spiritual sustenance they look for without taking away their liberty.
With the Iranian Delegation at the United Nations
Authors: Afkhami Mahnaz 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter describes the author’s goal of addressing the changing role of women in Iran and how to negotiate their need to connect to a new world while keeping rooted and connected to their values and relationships. Simin Rejali, secretary general of the Women’s Organization of Iran (WOI), introduced the author to the WOI honorary president Princess Ashraf, who chaired the Iranian delegation at the General Assembly of the United Nations and who invited the author to join the Iranian delegation. Returning to Iran, the author was asked to become secretary general of the WOI. Her family (including her sister Farah, a university student and Marxist) and friends (especially the poet Tahereh Saffarzadeh) were all strongly opposed to the idea.
West Meets East
Authors: Afkhami Mahnaz 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
To better understand the different approaches to the status of women in the West, the WOI invited some of the leading figures in the Western feminist movement to Iran: Betty Friedan, Germaine Greer, and Helvi Sipilä (first female UN assistant secretary general, highest-ranking woman at the UN, and the person responsible for the first UN Conference on Women, scheduled for 1975 in Mexico City). The group visited WOI women’s centers and held discussions at universities, which taught the author that success in cross-cultural dialogues requires a deeply felt respect for the views and concerns and life choices of others. While the meetings generally were successful, the WOI worried about being typecast as “tools of Western imperialism” by Iran’s Left and “godless enemies of family values” by the Right, and were concerned about SAVAK, Iran’s intelligence agency that considered the WOI’s activities to be needless provocation of the opposition, especially the religious fundamentalists. Although the visit went very well and established long-term positive relationships, the visitors were somewhat entrenched in their own biases, some writing later that the WOI leaders were “the shah’s courtiers” and to having been invited by the shah “to advise his women.”
1975
Authors: Afkhami Mahnaz 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
By 1975, the WOI had made measurable progress throughout Iran: its classes were giving women marketable skills; women were earning more after graduating; its childcare centers helped children learn healthy habits; families accepted the centers as safe, helpful places; and women came together to discuss their lives and challenges. The WOI’s greatest success was passing the 1975 Family Protection Law, which increased and safeguarded women’s rights: increasing the minimum marriage age for women from fifteen to eighteen; increasing women’s rights to guardianship of her children; giving women some rights to divorce; and restricting the husband’s right to multiple wives. The Law’s annulment as Ayatollah Khomeini’s first decree after his return demonstrated the centrality of the status of women to the fundamentalists’ fury. In 1975 the WOI organized a successful international women’s film festival in Tehran, highlighting different strategies for changing women’s unequal status. The Iranian delegation played a prominent role in the UN’s 1975 World Conference on Women, which led to developing national plans of action, setting targets to achieve women’s full participation in development, and initiating the International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women and the Regional Center for Training and Research on Women and Development.
Choosing Alliances and Moving Forward
Authors: Afkhami Mahnaz 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In November 1979, radical Islamist students climbed over the walls of the US Embassy in Tehran and took US diplomats hostage. The media gave the Islamist regime nearly limitless attention, while high-level American officials publicly apologized for past US actions in Iran and other prominent Americans (e.g., Andrew Young, Ambassador William Sullivan, and Senator Ted Kennedy) seemed to buy the revolutionaries’ wild accusations. Princess Ashraf, loyal to her brother the shah to his last moment, asked the author to assist the shah’s consultant in media efforts to “clear” his financial record. Knowing that she didn’t have the full information in response to the misinformation and negative publicity the shah faced, the author refused, much to the Princess’s and author’s sadness. The author began to see her personal and civic mission as one to initiate an effort to set up a center – the Foundation for Iranian Studies – to provide what Iranians inside and outside the country seemed to want as they shaped their new identity in exile—access to their arts, history, and culture. The Princess helped her create the foundation, to support objective research in areas such as politics, sociology, and the arts that were banned in the Islamic Republic.
Farah
Authors: Afkhami Mahnaz 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The first years after Iran’s Revolution were years of terror, as it took Iranians and people around the world time to fully realize what the Revolution’s leaders had in mind: to govern not only people’s public lives but their private lives as well. The government was obsessed with women and their role in society. To the clerics, Farrokhroo Parsa, Minister of Education, represented the antithesis of a woman’s societal role; her trial gave the revolutionaries their first major opportunity to demonstrate their view of “good” and “evil” with regards to women. Arrested for “prostitution and warring with God,” the evidence against her consisted of school textbooks that presented a positive image of working women and a memo that freed teachers and students from covering their hair at school—projects she had worked on with the author. The revolutionary government executed Mrs. Parsa because her political role, by being public and visible, was the same as prostitution. The author learned that her sister Farah, still in Iran, was in hiding and needed to leave. The author arranged for her and her child to cross the border on horseback and come to the US. After a show trial, Farah’s husband was executed.