bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An M-CSF Receptor c-Fms Antibody Inhibits Mechanical Stress–Induced Root Resorption during Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Mice
Authors: Kitaura Hideki , Fujimura Yuji , Yoshimatsu Masako , Eguchi Toshiko , Kohara Haruka , Jang Insan , Morita Yukiko , Yoshida Noriaki 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Objective: To examine the effect of anti-c-Fms antibody on odontoclastogenesis and root resorption in an orthodontic tooth movement mouse model.
Materials and Methods: We used orthodontic tooth movement in which an Ni-Ti coil spring was inserted between the upper incisors and the upper first molar. Root resorption occurred in this model. Anti-c-Fms antibody was injected daily into a local site for 12 days during mechanical loading. Odontoclastogenesis and root resorption were assessed by histology and scanning electron microscopy.
Results: The anti-c-Fms antibody significantly inhibited odontoclastogenesis and root resorption during orthodontic tooth movement.
Conclusion: M-CSF and/or its receptor is a potential therapeutic target in mechanical stress– induced odontoclastogenesis, and injection of an anti-c-Fms antibody might be useful for inhibition of mechanical stress–induced root resorption during orthodontic tooth movement.
Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Stimulation of Condylar Growth in Rats
Authors: Oyonarte Rodrigo , Zárate Mariana , Rodriguez Francisco 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Objective: To test the hypothesis that low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) stimulation does not histologically affect the growth of mandibular condylar cartilage.
Materials and Methods: Thirty-five 20-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to experimental and control groups. Experimental rats were stimulated with LIPUS in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) region unilaterally, for 10 or 20 minutes for 20 days. After euthanasia, histological specimens were analyzed qualitatively and histomorphometrically at the anterior and posterior aspects of the mandibular condyle, including the condylar cartilage and the area and perimeter of subchondral bony trabeculae.
Results: LIPUS stimulation may alter the histological arrangement of the condylar bone and cartilage, showing qualitative differences on specimens treated for 10 or 20 minutes daily compared with controls. Cartilaginous layer thickness was not affected by LIPUS stimulation to a significant level, but was modified at the relative layer thickness within the cartilage at the anterior aspect of the condyle (P &lt; .05). At the subchondral bone level, 20-minute stimulation significantly increases trabecular perimeter (P = .01).
Conclusions: LIPUS application may affect mandibular growth pattern in rats acting at the cartilage and bone level. The effect of LIPUS on the growing condyle is expressed through a variation in trabecular shape and perimeter. A greater response is achieved when stimulated for 20 minutes instead of 10 minutes daily.
Functional Changes of Temporomandibular Joint Mechanoreceptors Induced by Reduced Masseter Muscle Activity in Growing Rats
Authors: Ishida Takayoshi , Yabushita Tadachika , Soma Kunimichi 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Objective: To determine the influence of masseter muscle activity during growth on the functional characteristics of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) mechanoreceptors.
Materials and Methods: Sixty-six 3-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into an experimental group, in which the masseter muscles were bilaterally resected at 3 weeks of age, and a control group. Single-unit activities of the TMJ mechanoreceptors were evoked by indirect stimulation of passive jaw movement. Electrophysiologic recordings of TMJ units were made at 5, 7, and 9 weeks of age.
Results: During this period, the firing threshold of the TMJ units was significantly lower and the maximum instantaneous frequency of the TMJ units was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group.
Conclusion: Reduced masseter activity during the growth period alters the response properties of TMJ mechanoreceptors.
Variations in the Inclination of the Condylar Path in Children and Adults
Authors: Reicheneder Claudia , Gedrange Tomas , Baumert Uwe , Faltermeier Andreas , Proff Peter 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Objective: To test the null hypothesis that there are no differences between children and adults in the condylar path inclination angle on the right and left sides.
Materials and Methods: A group of 80 children aged 6 to 10 years (subgroups I through V, according to chronologic age) was compared with an adult group with regard to the condylar path inclination angle (CPIA) on the right and left sides. The CPIA was measured using the ultrasonic JMA-System for registration.
Results: During development of the temporomandibular joint the condylar path inclination angle increased with age in the subgroups of children. A significant difference was found in the CPIA between the groups of adults and children. In the group with the oldest children (mean age: 10.3 years) the condylar path inclination angle had reached 81.87% on the right side and 78.85% on the left side compared with the adult group at a 5 mm protrusive path. In the pooled group of children the CPIA amounted to 73.08% on the right side and 72.13% on the left side compared with the values for the adults. No significant difference was found between the right and left CPIA in any group.
Conclusion: The hypothesis is rejected. The CPIA on the right and left sides increased with age in the group of children and was significantly smaller in the group of children compared with the group of adults.
Prevalence of Nickel Allergy and Longitudinal Evaluation of Periodontal Abnormalities in Orthodontic Allergic Patients
Authors: Pazzini Camila Alessandra , Júnior Gilberto Oliveira , Marques Leandro Silva , Pereira Cássio Vicente , Pereira Luciano José 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Objective: To determine the prevalence of nickel allergy in a sample of orthodontic patients and longitudinally compare the clinical periodontal status of these individuals with that of a group of nonallergic patients.
Materials and Methods: The initial sample consisted of 96 patients selected randomly from a databank of patients who sought orthodontic care at a teaching institution. Following the selection and beginning of treatment, periodontal status was assessed over a 12-month period (one evaluation every 3 months—T1, T2, T3, T4) using the Loe index. The evaluations were performed blindly by a single, calibrated examiner and were followed by prophylaxis and orientation regarding oral hygiene. The prevalence of nickel allergy was determined by the patch test 9 months after the beginning of treatment and occurred in 16 individuals (17.2%). Two groups were then established: the allergic group (AG, n = 16) and the age-paired nonallergic control group (NAG, n = 16). Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U-test and Friedman's analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests (P ≤ .05).
Results: Significant differences were present between groups at the T3 and T4 evaluations for the LOE index (P = .045 and .009), with allergic individuals showing higher mean values than nonallergic individuals (hyperplasia, change in color, and bleeding). No significant differences were found in the intragroup evaluations between the four evaluations (P &gt; .05).
Conclusions: The results suggest a cumulative effect from nickel throughout orthodontic treatment associated with clinically significant periodontal abnormalities in allergic individuals over time.
Computational Formulation of Orthodontic Tooth-Extraction Decisions
Authors: Takada Kenji , Yagi Masakazu , Horiguchi Eriko 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Objective: To develop a mathematical model that simulates whether or not to extract teeth in optimizing orthodontic treatment outcome and to formulate the morphologic traits sensitive to optimizing the tooth-extraction/nonextraction decisions.
Materials and Methods: A total of 188 conventional orthodontic records of patients with good treatment outcomes were collected, and dentofacial morphologic traits, along with their degrees of influence in the optimized model, were determined.
Results: The rate of coincidence between the recommendations given by the optimized model and the actual treatments performed was found to be 90.4%. The major morphologic traits and their corresponding influences in improving the simulation accuracy of the model were the incisor overjet (3.0) and the size of the basal arch relative to the sum of the mesiodistal crown diameters of the upper dentition (2.4) and the lower dentition (2.0). The remaining 22 morphologic-trait variables were also found to be indispensable in achieving robust simulation readings.
Conclusion: A mathematical model that simulates whether or not to extract teeth in optimizing orthodontic treatment outcomes with a success rate of 90.4% at its prediction performance was developed. This model has 25 morphologic traits with four major categories (sagittal dentoskeletal and soft tissue relationship, vertical dentoskeletal relationship, transverse dental relationship, and intra-arch conditions) that affected the accuracy in determining optimal tooth extractions/nonextractions.
Computational Formulation of Orthodontic Tooth-Extraction Decisions
Authors: Yagi Masakazu , Ohno Hiroko , Takada Kenji 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Objective: To develop a mathematical model that simulates optimum site(s) for tooth extraction and to examine what kinds of dentoskeletal traits, in the model, influence optimizing decisions for extraction site(s).
Materials and Methods: Conventional orthodontic records were obtained for 193 women who had received orthodontic tooth-extraction treatments judged as excellent treatment outcomes. The feature vector-elements that represented dentoskeletal traits, and weights of their contributions to achieving optimum simulation in the model, were determined.
Results: The rate of coincidence between recommendations made by the optimized model and the actual judgments was found to be 86.0%. The elements that were sensitive to increasing the rate of coincidence and corresponding weights in judging the site(s) of tooth extraction were: protrusiveness of the upper and lower incisors (2.0), overjet and overbite (1.5), the membership grade for the skeletal Class II jaw relationship, molar relationship in the sagittal direction, the mandibular plane angle, and the severity of tooth crowding in the lower dentition (1.0). The remaining 10 feature vector-elements were also found to be indispensable for the model.
Conclusions: A mathematical model that simulates optimum site(s) for orthodontic tooth extraction, with a high agreement rate (86.0%) between the system's recommendations and the actual judgments given by orthodontists, was developed. The dentoskeletal structural traits that affected optimizing decisions for orthodontic tooth-extraction site(s) were formulated and subdivided into five major categories, ie, the sagittal dentoskeletal and soft tissue relationship, the vertical dentoskeletal relationship, the transverse dental relationship, the intra-arch conditions, and the pathological conditions.
Trigeminal Expression of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Subunit 1 and Behavior Responses to Experimental Tooth Movement in Rats
Authors: Yang Zhi , Wang Yan , Luo Wei , Hua Xiaochuan , Wamalwa Peter , Wang Jing , Zhao Zhihe , Lu Yun , Liao Zhengyu , Lai Wenli 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Objective: To test the hypothesis that peripheral N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors play a role in pain induced by experimental tooth movement.
Materials and Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing between 200 g and 300 g were used in this study. Expression of NMDA receptors subunit 1 (NMDAR1) in the mandibular portion of the trigeminal ganglion (TG) was determined by Western blotting 4 hours and 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days after tooth movement. Changes in the time taken by the rats on nocifensive behavior then effects of NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 and force magnitude on these changes in behavior and NMDAR1 expression were evaluated.
Results: Experimental tooth movement led to a statistically significant increase in NMDAR1 expression at protein level from day 1 to 7 after force application initiating tooth movement. Time spent on nocifensive behavior dramatically increased from day 1 to 7. The rhythm in NMDAR1 expression in the TG and behavioral activities correlated well with the initial orthodontic pain responses. The magnitude of the nocifensive behavior and NMDAR1 expression were both force magnitude dependent and could be reduced by peripheral NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801.
Conclusions: The hypothesis is accepted. Peripheral NMDA receptors are modulated by experimental tooth movement and involved in the development of tooth movement pain.
Maxillary Incisor Proclination Effect on the Position of Point A in Class II division 2 Malocclusion
Authors: Al-Nimri Kazem S. , Hazza'a Abdalla M. , Al-Omari Rami M. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Objective: To test the hypothesis that the magnitude of alteration in the position of point A is not associated with proclination of the upper incisors in Class II division 2 malocclusion.
Materials and Methods: Cephalometric films were taken for 30 Class II division 2 patients (8 males and 22 females; average age, 18.3 years) before and after upper incisor proclination. The total change in the position of point A was measured by superimposing the pretreatment and postproclination lateral cephalograms on the sella-nasion line at the sella. To determine the local effect of alveolar bone remodeling associated with upper incisor proclination on the position of point A, postproclination tracing of the maxilla was superimposed on the pretreatment tracing according to the Bolton template of maxillary superimposition.
Results: The total vertical displacement in Point A position was downward by 0.84 mm (P = .002), and the total horizontal displacement was forward by 0.45 mm (P = .054). Assessment of local changes in point A revealed that the position of point A had moved backward by 0.60 mm (P = .001). No significant change was observed in the value of the sella-nasion–point A angle (SNA).
Conclusion: The hypothesis is rejected. The position of point A is affected by local bone remodeling associated with proclination of the upper incisor in Class II division 2 malocclusion, but this minor change does not significantly affect the SNA angle.
Head Orientation in CBCT-generated Cephalograms
Authors: Cevidanes Lucia , Oliveira Ana E. F. , Motta Alexandre , Phillips Ceib , Burke Brandon , Tyndall Donald 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Objective: To determine the reliability of obtaining two-dimensional cephalometric measurements using two virtual head orientations from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) models.
Materials and Methods: CBCT scans of 12 patients (6 class II and 6 class III) were randomly selected from a pool of 159 patients. An orthodontist, a dental radiologist, and a third-year dental student independently oriented CBCT three-dimensional (3D) renderings in either visual natural head position (simulated NHP) or 3D intracranial reference planes (3D IRP). Each observer created and digitized four CBCT-generated lateral cephalograms per patient, two using simulated NHP and two using 3D IRP at intervals of at least 3 days. Mixed-effects analysis of variance was used to calculate intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and to test the difference between the orientations for each measure.
Results: ICC indicated good reliability both within each head orientation and between orientations. Of the 50 measurements, the reliability coefficients were ≥0.9 for 45 measurements obtained with 3D IRP orientation and 36 measurements with simulated NHP. The difference in mean values of the two orientations exceeded 2 mm or 2° for 14 (28%) of the measurements.
Conclusions: The reliability of both virtual head orientations was acceptable, although the percentage of measurements with ICC &gt;0.9 was greater for 3D IRP. This may reflect the ease of using the guide planes to position the head in the 3D IRP during the simulation process.
Face Mask Therapy Effects in Two Skeletal Maturation Groups of Female Subjects with Skeletal Class III Malocclusions
Authors: Yavuz İbrahim , Halıcıoğlu Koray , Ceylan İsmail 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Objective: To examine the effects of face mask therapy in adolescent and young adult female subjects with skeletal Class III malocclusion characterized by maxillary retrognathism.
Materials and Methods: The material consisted of pretreatment and posttreatment lateral cephalometric radiographs of 28 subjects with Class III malocclusions treated with a face mask. Twenty-eight patients age 10 to 16 years were divided into two groups: the adolescent group (15 female patients) and the young adult group (13 female patients). Within group and between group comparisons were made by paired t-test and Student's t-test, respectively.
Results: Forward displacement of the maxilla and clockwise rotation of the mandible occurred in both the adolescent and young adult groups. Maxillary-mandibular relationship exhibited an increase in the ANB angle and Wits appraisal, and the soft-tissue changes resulted in a more convex profile. The maxillary incisors moved forward while the mandibular incisors moved backward.
Conclusions: Face mask therapy improves skeletal Class III malocclusions by a combination of skeletal and dental changes. Although early treatment may be most effective, face mask treatment can provide a viable option for older children as well.
Microbial Adhesion on Different Bracket Types in vitro
Authors: Gastel Janvan , Quirynen Marc , Teughels Wim , Pauwels Martine , Coucke Wim , Carels Carine 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Objective: To test the hypothesis that there are differences in total bacterial counts and capacity for biofilm formation between seven different bracket types.
Material and Methods: By means of an in vitro experiment, seven commercially available bracket systems (Damon [A], Clarity [B], Mystique [C], Speed [D], Victory MBT [E], Micro-loc [F], and Generus [G]) were compared. A total of 25 premolar brackets of each bracket system were incubated in brain heart infusion medium containing the saliva and bacteria of two orthodontic patients. After 72 hours, the amounts of aerobe and anaerobe bacteria were determined by counting the colony-forming units (CFU). The CFU ratio (aerobe/anaerobe) also was calculated, and the black pigmented bacteria were analyzed.
Results: Significant differences between the different bracket types in terms of biofilm formation were found. Bracket types can be arbitrarily divided into low, intermediate, and high plaque-retaining brackets. The group with low adhesion consists of bracket types E, F, and G; the group with high adhesion of bracket types A, B, and C; and type D exhibits intermediate adhesion. The group with high microbial adhesion (A, B, and C) did present significantly lower CFU ratios (aerobe/anaerobe) than were exhibited by the other bracket systems (P &lt; .05).
Conclusion: The hypothesis is accepted. Orthodontic brackets serve as different loci for biofilm formation; in this in vitro study, significant differences were noted between the different types of brackets.
Occlusal Contact Changes with Removable and Bonded Retainers in a 1-Year Retention Period
Authors: Sari Zafer , Uysal Tancan , Başçiftçi Faruk Ayhan , Inan Ozgur 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Objective: To test the hypothesis that there is no difference in the number of occlusal contacts in centric occlusion in patients treated with bonded and removable retention procedures and a control group during a 1-year retention period.
Materials and Methods: Twenty-five patients received a removable Hawley retainer, and 25 patients received maxillary and mandibular bonded retainers. The retainer patients were compared with 20 control subjects with normal occlusions. Silicone-based impression bites were used to record occlusal contacts. Paired-sample t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Tukey tests were used to evaluate intragroup and intergroup differences.
Results: An increased number of occlusal contacts were recorded in total-arch and posterior combined (actual/near) teeth during the retention period as compared with the control group. In the Hawley group, actual and total contacts on the first and second molar and actual contacts on the premolar and canine showed statistically significant increases. In the bonded retainer group, near and total contacts on the first and second molars and premolars showed statistically significant increases. Slight occlusal changes were seen in the control sample during the observation period, presumably from growth and development. ANOVA comparisons of total contacts of anterior and posterior teeth indicated statistically significant differences in the three groups on posterior segments.
Conclusions: The hypothesis is rejected. Both retention procedures allowed relative vertical movement of the posterior teeth, but the number of contacts on the posterior segment was increased more in the bonded retainer group than in the Hawley and control groups at the end of retention.
Midline Mandibular Osteotomy in an Asymmetric Patient
Authors: Anghinoni M. L. , Magri A. S. , Di Blasio A. , Toma L. , Sesenna E. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
This case report shows the possibility of the application of a mandibular osteotomy to resolve mandibular asymmetry with independent and discordant movements of both bony segments. The authors report the case of a 25-year-old woman referred for mandibular asymmetry, with a transverse excess of the right hemi mandible and vertical defect of the left one. The patient underwent a bilateral sagittal split osteotomy, midline osteotomy, and genioplasty, which corrected the mandibular asymmetry with contraction of the entire right hemi mandible. A slight left vertical increase was also obtained through the surgically created lateral open bite. In the follow-up assessment, the patient's face appeared symmetrical with normalization of the bizygomatic-bigonial relationships, and the facial shape corresponded to ideal anthropometric features. This technique resulted in resolution of mandibular asymmetry. In addition, mandibular osteotomy permits the esthetic management of the shape of the entire mandibular body in relation to the other third of the face.