bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of pattern fabrication methods on retentive strength in three‐unit implant‐supported frameworks: A comparative analysis
Authors: Giti Rashin , Bahrami Mohammad Reza , Akhlaghian Marzieh 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveGiven the significant role of retention in the long‐term success of implant‐supported prostheses, this study aimed to compare the retentive strength of three‐unit implant‐supported frameworks manufactured using the conventional, subtractive milling, and 3D printing methods.Materials and MethodsIn this in vitro study, two fixture analogs were placed in the mandibular right first premolar and first molar region of a Dentiform model, and two prefabricated abutments were secured in the fixture analogs. A total of 27 three‐unit frameworks were fabricated utilizing wax patterns prepared through conventional, milling, and 3D printing techniques (n = 9 per group). The frameworks were cemented with zinc oxide eugenol and subjected to thermocycling. The retentive strength of each specimen was evaluated through a pull‐out test conducted with a universal testing machine. The data were analysed using one‐way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test (p < 0.05).ResultsThe three groups were found to be significantly different (p = 0.01). While the 3D printing and milling groups were not significantly different (p = 0.99), they yielded significantly higher retentive strength compare to the conventional group (p = 0.02 for 3D printing and p = 0.03 for milling group).ConclusionThe utilization of 3D printing and milling technique for wax pattern preparation significantly increased the retention of the implant‐supported framework, with no statistically significant difference between the two methods.
‘Emotions’ in Gopal Sreenivasan's Emotion and Virtue
Authors: Rossi Mauro 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn his remarkable new book, Emotion and Virtue, Sreenivasan defends the view that, in the case of many virtues, in order for an exemplar of each of these virtues to be a reliable judge of what that virtue requires in specific circumstances, she must possess a particular, morally rectified, emotional trait. In this article, I raise two challenges to “the argument from salience” that Sreenivasan offers in favor of this view. First, I argue that, although Sreenivasan wishes to remain neutral about different philosophical theories of emotions, the success of his argument depends, in fact, on the outcome of the debate about the nature of emotions. Second, I challenge the central claim of Sreenivasan's argument from salience, namely, that the possession of a morally rectified emotional trait, cleverness, and supplementary moral knowledge is sufficient to explain an agent's ability to reliably judge what a given virtue requires in specific circumstances.
Proliferation and apoptosis dynamics of the normal canine mammary gland during the oestrous cycle evaluated by Ki‐67 and Caspase‐3 indexes
Authors: Pinheiro Breno Queiroz , Cavalcante Francisco Emanuel Pinheiro , Lopes Célia Cristina Carreiras , Marcos Ricardo Jorge Pereira Córdova , da Silva Lúcia Daniel Machado , dos Santos Marta Susana Amaro , Faustino Augusto Manuel Rodrigues 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the normal physiology of the canine mammary gland (CMG) is crucial, as it provides a foundational reference for understanding canine mammary neoplasms. The relation between the Proliferation Index (PI) indicated by Ki‐67 expression, along with the Apoptotic Index (AI) determined through Caspase‐3 expression during the oestrous cycle, is inadequately documented in existing literature. This study seeks to offer insights into the interplay between PI and AI in the CMG across oestrous cycle phases. An extensive investigation was conducted on a diverse case series of bitches (n = 18). Oestrous cycle stages were determined through vaginal cytology, histological examination of the reproductive tract and serum progesterone and oestradiol concentrations. The entire mammary chain was histologically examined, and proliferation and apoptosis were assessed via double immunohistochemistry employing anti‐Ki‐67 and Caspase‐3 antibodies. PI and AI were evaluated through a systematic random sampling approach, counting a minimum of 200 cells for each cell type. There was a significantly higher PI during early dioestrus in all mammary gland components, with a greater proportion of positive cells observed in epithelial cells compared to stromal cells. The highest PI was detected in epithelial cells within the end buds. Significant differences were found in Ki‐67 labelling across the cranial mammary glands. A positive and strong correlation was noted between progesterone concentration and PI in epithelial cells. The AI remained consistently low throughout the oestrous cycle, with few differences observed across histological components. Caspase‐3 labelling displayed the highest positivity in caudal mammary pairs. A negative and moderate correlation was identified between progesterone concentration and AI in interlobular mesenchymal cells. This study highlights the influence of endocrine regulation on cell proliferation indices in mammary tissue, emphasizing the need to consider these hormonal variations in toxicopathological studies involving canine mammary gland.
Existence and nonexistence of Puiseux inverse integrating factors in analytic monodromic singularities
Authors: García Isaac A. , Giné Jaume , Rodero Ana Livia 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this work, we present some criteria about the existence and nonexistence of both Puiseux inverse integrating factors and Puiseux first integrals for planar analytic vector fields having a monodromic singularity. These functions are a wide generalization of their formal or algebraic counterpart in Cartesian coordinates . We prove that none of the functions and can be used to characterize degenerate centers although the existence of is a sufficient center condition.
Should cows graze? A relational approach to understanding farmer perspectives on the ethics of grazing and indoor dairy systems
Authors: Shortall Orla 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn the United Kingdom, around 20% of dairy farms house cows all year round. Research suggests that farmers value animal health and comfort over the expression of natural behaviour through grazing. The concept of natural behaviour is notoriously complex, however. The article reframes the topic of grazing through a relational approach to understand farmer views on the practice in Great Britain, using qualitative interviews. The article also considers critiques of the relational approach. In this study, participants were reluctant to see a distinction between farms that graze and those that do not in terms of animal welfare, but they also valued the positive affective experience of grazing their cows on their own farm. The article argues that the latter account is not adequately included in debates about grazing. What this account excludes is the situated nature and limitations of relationships on farm even when cows graze.
Soil amendment incorporation increases organic carbon by improving soil agglomerate and soil microbial biomass carbon in the alpine grassland
Authors: Wang Xinglong , Shuang Zonghong , Liu Xiaolin , Yin Pijiang , Liu Fan , Lan Tianqiaong , Feng Dongju , Yuan Jichao , Kong Fanlei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSoil amendments aiming to enhance soil quality and bolster carbon sequestration have been extensively investigated. However, the specific impacts of diverse soil amendment types on soil total organic carbon content (TOC), soil aggregate and the growth of ryegrass remain largely unexplored, particularly within the unique context of alpine grassland soils in northwest Sichuan. For this, four soil amendments (CK: no soil amendment, CM: cattle manure 2000 kg ha−1, CS: straw amendment 12,000 kg ha−1 and MS: mushroom substrate 18,000 kg ha−1) were applied to alpine grassland soils over a 2‐year duration, conducted in situ during 2017 and 2018, to investigate the influences of these soil amendments on 0–30 cm soil of TOC, total nitrogen (TN), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), soil aggregation, the above‐ground biomass (DMA) and root traits of ryegrass. Compared to CK, the above‐ground biomass exhibited an average of 348.78% in MS, 287.18% in CS and 115.54% in CM, all reaching statistical significance (p < .05). In the topsoil (0–10 cm), the large soil aggregate rate (LSAR > 0.25 mm) showed a significant increase in CM, CS and MS, particularly in 2018, compared to CK. Our findings further indicated that the improvement in alpine grassland LSAR > 0.25 mm was correlated with a rise in TOC by over 69.89% and MBC by more than 27.14%. The MS treatment resulted in a significant increase in above‐ground biomass and TRL (total root length), while also increasing the levels of TN, MBC and soil aggregates (0.25 ~ 0.5 mm) within the 0–10 cm soil. A similar result of CS treatment was observed to increase the total chlorophyll content and RD (root diameter), as well as an increase in SWC and TOC levels. The TN, MBC, TOC and LSAR contributed 44.77%, 20.87%, 6.46% and 6.45% for ryegrass growth. The SEM indicated that soil amendments promote the growth of ryegrass by improving soil agglomerate and increasing MBC, TOC and TN. Our analysis revealed that ryegrass biomass production was limited by soil nutrients in the alpine grassland of northwest Sichuan. The study also highlights the potential impact of soil amendments on future management practices, contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of the subject.
Use of GRF‐GIF chimeras and a ternary vector system to improve maize (Zea mays L.) transformation frequency
Authors: Vandeputte Wout , Coussens Griet , Aesaert Stijn , Haeghebaert Jari , Impens Lennert , Karimi Mansour , Debernardi Juan M. , Pauwels Laurens 
Published: June 2024

SUMMARYMaize (Zea mays L.) is an important crop that has been widely studied for its agronomic and industrial applications and is one of the main classical model organisms for genetic research. Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation of immature maize embryos is a commonly used method to introduce transgenes, but a low transformation frequency remains a bottleneck for many gene‐editing applications. Previous approaches to enhance transformation included the improvement of tissue culture media and the use of morphogenic regulators such as BABY BOOM and WUSCHEL2. Here, we show that the frequency can be increased using a pVS1‐VIR2 virulence helper plasmid to improve T‐DNA delivery, and/or expressing a fusion protein between a GROWTH‐REGULATING FACTOR (GRF) and GRF‐INTERACTING FACTOR (GIF) protein to improve regeneration. Using hygromycin as a selection agent to avoid escapes, the transformation frequency in the maize inbred line B104 significantly improved from 2.3 to 8.1% when using the pVS1‐VIR2 helper vector with no effect on event quality regarding T‐DNA copy number. Combined with a novel fusion protein between ZmGRF1 and ZmGIF1, transformation frequencies further improved another 3.5‐ to 6.5‐fold with no obvious impact on plant growth, while simultaneously allowing efficient CRISPR‐/Cas9‐mediated gene editing. Our results demonstrate how a GRF‐GIF chimera in conjunction with a ternary vector system has the potential to further improve the efficiency of gene‐editing applications and molecular biology studies in maize.
Evaluation of pharmacokinetics of metoclopramide administered via subcutaneous bolus and intravenous constant rate infusion to adult horses
Authors: Brandon Amy M. , Williams Jarred M. , Davis Jen L. , Martin Emily G. , Capper Ava M. , Crabtree Naomi E. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the pharmacokinetics (PK) of metoclopramide administered via intravenous continuous rate infusion (IV CRI) and subcutaneous (SC) bolus and evaluate for gastrointestinal motility and adverse side effects.Study designExperimental study; randomized, crossover design.AnimalsSix healthy adult horses.MethodsEach horse received metoclopramide via IV CRI (0.04 mg/kg/h for 24 h) and SC bolus (0.08 mg/kg once), with ≥1 week washout period between. Plasma was analyzed by UPLC‐MS/MS. Compartmental modeling was used to determine PK parameters for each treatment; nonparametric superposition was used to simulate multiple SC bolus regimens. Gastrointestinal motility and evidence of adverse effects were monitored.ResultsTmax (h) for SC bolus was 0.583 ± 0.204 versus 17.3 ± 6.41 for IV CRI, while Cmax (ng/mL) was 27.7 ± 6.38 versus 43.6 ± 9.97, respectively. AUC (h × ng/mL) was calculated as 902 ± 189 for 24 h IV CRI versus 244 ± 37.4 simulated for 0.08 mg/kg SC bolus every 8 h. Simulations revealed similar exposure between groups with administration of 0.96 mg/kg/day SC bolus, divided into three, four, or six doses. SC bolus bioavailability was estimated as 110 ± 11.5%. No clear trends in motility alteration were identified. No adverse effects were noted.ConclusionRepeated SC boluses of metoclopramide at 0.08 mg/kg would result in lower total drug exposure and Tmax than IV CRI administration but would be highly bioavailable.Clinical significanceHigher and/or more frequent SC bolus doses are needed to achieve a similar AUC to IV CRI. No adverse effects were noted; however, evaluation of alternative dosing strategies is warranted.
Uniqueness of lump solution to the KP‐I equation
Authors: Liu Yong , Wei Juncheng , Yang Wen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe KP‐I equation has family of solutions which decay to zero at space infinity. One of these solutions is the classical lump solution, which is a traveling wave, and the KP‐I equation in this case reduces to the Boussinesq equation. In this paper we classify all the ‘lump‐type’ solutions of the Boussinesq equation. Using a robust inverse scattering transform developed by Bilman–Miller for the Schrödinger equation, we show that the lump‐type solutions are rational and their functions have to be polynomials of degree for some integer . In particular, this implies that the lump solution is the unique ground state of the KP‐I equation (as conjectured by Klein–Saut). The problem studied in this paper was mentioned in Airault–McKean–Moser, our result can be regarded as a two‐dimensional analogy of their theorem on the classification of rational solutions for the KdV equation.
Aquaporin‐4 deletion leads to reduced infarct volume and increased peri‐infarct astrocyte reactivity in a mouse model of cortical stroke
Authors: Skauli Nadia , Zohoorian Negar , Banitalebi Shervin , Geiseler Samuel , Salameh Maher , Rao Shreyas B. , Morland Cecilie , Ottersen Ole P. , Amiry‐Moghaddam Mahmood 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAquaporin‐4 (AQP4) is the main water channel in brain and is enriched in perivascular astrocyte processes abutting brain microvessels. There is a rich literature on the role of AQP4 in experimental stroke. While its role in oedema formation following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) has been studied extensively, its specific impact on infarct volume remains unclear. This study investigated the effects of total and partial AQP4 deletion on infarct volume in mice subjected to distal medial cerebral artery (dMCAO) occlusion. Compared to MCAO, this model induces smaller infarcts confined to neocortex, and less oedema. We show that AQP4 deletion significantly reduced infarct volume as assessed 1 week after dMCAO, suggesting that the role of AQP4 in stroke goes beyond its effect on oedema formation and dissolution. The reduction in infarct volume was associated with increased astrocyte reactivity in the peri‐infarct areas. No significant differences were observed in the number of microglia among the genotypes. These findings provide new insights in the role of AQP4 in ischaemic injury indicating that AQP4 affects both infarct volume and astrocyte reactivity in the peri‐infarct zone.
imageKey points
Aquaporin‐4 (AQP4) is the main water channel in brain and is enriched in perivascular astrocyte processes abutting microvessels.
A rich literature exists on the role of AQP4 in oedema formation following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO).
We investigated the effects of total and partial AQP4 deletion on infarct volume in mice subjected to distal medial cerebral artery occlusion (dMCAO), a model inducing smaller infarcts confined to neocortex and less oedema compared to MCAO.
AQP4 deletion significantly reduced infarct volume 1 week after dMCAO, suggesting a broader role for AQP4 in stroke beyond oedema formation.
The reduction in infarct volume was associated with increased astrocyte reactivity in the peri‐infarct areas, while no significant differences were observed in the number of microglia among the genotypes.
These findings provide new insights into the role of AQP4 in stroke, indicating that AQP4 affects both infarct volume and astrocyte reactivity in the peri‐infarct zone.
Retracted: Rare Earth Nd3+ Doping Cobalt-Cadmium Nanoferrites Structural, Optical, and Magnetic Properties and Applications
Authors: Kumar N. Hari 
Published: June 2024

Nanoscale particles of neodymium-substituted cobalt-cadmium generic formula for nanoferrite Co0.4Cd0.6NdxFe2−xO4 samples at X = 0.000, 0.003, 0.005, 0.007, 0.009, and 0.011 were studied. The prepared powders were synthesised at low temperatures using citrate gel auto-combustion process. The synthesised powders were calcined at 500 °C for four hours. The morphological properties of the sintered powders were investigated, and their crystal structure was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRD peaks confirmed the spinel ferrite structure. The lattice parameter was calculated from the XRD and showed decreasing trends with 8.442 to 8.308. SEM revealed an irregularly-shaped grain morphology with a homogeneous distribution. Raman spectroscopy analysis showed slight frequency changes in the Raman modes in doped samples, attributed to variations in the cation distribution. The peaks are located at 191, 291, 461, 591, and 671 cm−1. UV spectroscopy studies showed that the energy band gap values decrease with increasing Nd3+ concentration. Direct optical band gap values obtained were 1.238, 1.248, 1.199, 1.135, 1.134, and 1.101 eV with increasing Nd doping. The magnetic hysteresis properties were determined using a SQUID-VSM magnetometer. The hysteresis curves of Co0.4Cd0.6NdxFe2−xO4 nanoparticles show an increase in coercivity with increasing doping concentration. This enhancement is attributed to the multi-domain behaviour.
Postoperative Medial Malleolar Fractures in Total Ankle Replacement Are Associated With Decreased Medial Malleolar Width and Varus Malalignment: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Palma Joaquin , Shaffrey Isabel , Kim Jaeyoung , Cororaton Agnes , Henry Jensen , Ellis Scott J. , Demetracopoulos Constantine A. 
Published: June 2024

Background: There are limited data regarding risk factors associated with periprosthetic medial malleolar fractures in total ankle arthroplasty (TAA). This case-control study aimed to identify the risk factors and analyze the effect of prophylactic screw fixation in preventing a medial malleolar fracture after TAA. Methods: A case-control study was conducted on 149 patients who underwent primary TAA. Twenty patients with postoperative medial malleolar fractures >4 weeks postoperatively (cases) were identified. An additional 129 patients (controls) were randomly selected from the TAA database. Radiographic evaluation included tibial component coronal alignment and postoperative medial malleolar width. Demographics and radiographic variables were compared between cohorts. Logistic regression was used to investigate the association between medial malleolar fracture and postoperative coronal alignment, medial malleolar width, and prophylactic fixation of the medial malleolus. Results: Mean (SD) medial malleolar width was significantly smaller in the fracture cohort (8.52 mm [1.6]) than in the control group (11.78 mm [1.74]) ( P < .001). Mean (SD) tibial component coronal alignment was 92.17 degrees (2.77) in the fracture cohort and 90.21 degrees (1.66) in the control group ( P = .002). Regression analysis identified a significant negative association between postoperative medial malleolar width and the probability of fracture (OR = 0.06, 95% CI 0.01, 0.26, P < .001). Varus malalignment of the tibial component was positively associated with the probability of fracture (OR = 1.90, 95% CI 1.27, 2.86, P = .002). Prophylactic screw fixation resulted in more than 90% reduction in the odds of a fracture (OR = 0.04, 95% CI 0.01, 0.45, P = .01). ROC curve analysis determined a medial malleolar width of 10.3 mm as a potential threshold for predicting fracture. Conclusion: Decreased medial malleolar width and postoperative varus malalignment were associated with an increased risk of postoperative medial malleolar fracture. Therefore, surgeons should consider prophylactic screw fixation in patients with a medial malleolar width <10.3 mm or at risk of postoperative varus deformity.
Archaeology, ethnography, and geosciences reveal central role of traditional lifeways in shaping Madagascar’s dry forests
Authors: Davis Dylan S , Tucker Bram ,   Tsiazonera, Justome Ricky , Chrisostome Zafy Maharesy , Pierre Briand Venance , Domic Alejandra I , Phelps Leanne N , Ibirogba Abiola , Mangut Chiamaka , Klehm Carla E , Douglass Kristina 
Published: June 2024

Many communities in southwestern Madagascar rely on a mix of foraging, fishing, farming, and herding, with cattle central to local cultures, rituals, and intergenerational wealth transfer. Today these livelihoods are critically threatened by the intensifying effects of climate change and biodiversity loss. Improved understanding of ancient community-environment dynamics can help identify pathways to livelihood sustainability. Multidisciplinary approaches have great potential to improve our understanding of human-environment interactions across spatio-temporal scales. We combine archaeological survey data, oral history interviews, and high-resolution multispectral PlanetScope imagery to explore 400 years of human-environment interaction in the Namonte Basin. Our analysis reveals that settlement and land-use led to significant changes in the region’s ecology, both during periods of occupation and after settlement abandonment. Human activity over this period may have stabilized vegetative systems, whereby seasonal changes in vegetative health were reduced compared to surrounding locations. These ecological legacies may have buffered communities against unpredictable climate challenges.