bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reporting Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections: Denominator Matters
Authors: Wright Marc-Oliver , Kharasch Maureen , Beaumont Jennifer L. , Peterson Lance R. , Robicsek Ari 
Published: June 2011

Objective.To evaluate two different methods of measuring catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) rates in the setting of a quality improvement initiative aimed at reducing device utilization.Design, Setting, and Patients.Comparison of CAUTI measurements in the context of a before-after trial of acute care adult admissions to a multicentered healthcare system.Methods.CAUTIs were identified with an automated surveillance system, and device-days were measured through an electronic health record. Traditional surveillance measures of CAUTI rates per 1,000 device-days (R1) were compared with CAUTI rates per 10,000 patient-days (R2) before (T1) and after (T2) an intervention aimed at reducing catheter utilization.Results.The device-utilization ratio declined from 0.36 to 0.28 between T1 and T2 (P< .001), while infection rates were significantly lower when measured by R2 (28.2 vs 23.2, P = .02). When measured by R1, however, infection rates trended upward by 6% (7.79 vs. 8.28, P = .47), and at the nursing unit level, reduction in device utilization was significantly associated with increases in infection rate.Conclusions.The widely accepted practice of using device-days as a method of risk adjustment to calculate device-associated infection rates may mask the impact of a successful quality improvement program and reward programs not actively engaged in reducing device usage.
The LabelHash Server and Tools for substructure-based functional annotation
Authors: Moll Mark , Bryant Drew H. , Kavraki Lydia E. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Summary: The LabelHash server and tools are designed for large-scale substructure comparison. The main use is to predict the function of unknown proteins. Given a set of (putative) functional residues, LabelHash finds all occurrences of matching substructures in the entire Protein Data Bank, along with a statistical significance estimate and known functional annotations for each match. The results can be downloaded for further analysis in any molecular viewer. For Chimera, there is a plugin to facilitate this process.
Availability: The web site is free and open to all users with no login requirements at http://labelhash.kavrakilab.org
Contact: mmoll@rice.edu
Supplementary Information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Reducing ventilator-associated pneumonia in intensive care: Impact of implementing a care bundle*
Authors: Morris Andrew Conway , Hay Alasdair W. , Swann David G. , Everingham Kirsty , McCulloch Corrienne , McNulty Jane , Brooks Odette , Laurenson Ian F. , Cook Brian , Walsh Timothy S. 
Published: June 2011

Objectives:
Ventilator-associated pneumonia is the most common intensive care unit-acquired infection. Although there is widespread consensus that evidenced-based interventions reduce the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia, controversy has surrounded the importance of implementing them as a “bundle” of care. This study aimed to determine the effects of implementing such a bundle while controlling for potential confounding variables seen in similar studies.

Design:
A before-and-after study conducted within the context of an existing, independent, infection surveillance program.

Setting:
An 18-bed, mixed medical–surgical teaching hospital intensive care unit.

Patients:
All patients admitted to intensive care for 48 hrs or more during the periods before and after intervention.

Interventions:
A four-element ventilator-associated pneumonia prevention bundle, consisting of head-of-bed elevation, oral chlorhexidine gel, sedation holds, and a weaning protocol implemented as part of the Scottish Patient Safety Program using Institute of Health Care Improvement methods.

Measurements and Main Results:
Compliance with head-of-bed elevation and chlorhexidine gel were 95%–100%; documented compliance with “wake and wean” elements was 70%, giving overall bundle compliance rates of 70%. Compared to the preintervention period, there was a significant reduction in ventilator-associated pneumonia in the postintervention period (32 cases per 1,000 ventilator days to 12 cases per 1,000 ventilator days; p < .001). Statistical process control charts showed the decrease was most marked after bundle implementation. Patient cohorts staying ≥6 and ≥14 days had greater reduction in ventilator-associated pneumonia acquisition and also had reduced antibiotic use (reduced by 1 and 3 days; p = .008/.007, respectively). Rates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus acquisition also decreased (10% to 3.6%; p < .001).

Conclusions:
Implementation of a ventilator-associated pneumonia prevention bundle was associated with a statistically significant reduction in ventilator-associated pneumonia, which had not been achieved with earlier ad hoc ventilator-associated pneumonia prevention guidelines in our unit. This occurred despite an inability to meet bundle compliance targets of 95% for all elements. Our data support the systematic approach to achieving high rates of process compliance and suggest systematic introduction can decrease both infection incidence and antibiotic use, especially for patients requiring longer duration of ventilation.
Women’s preferences regarding options for management of atypical, borderline or low‐grade cervical cytological abnormalities: a review of the evidence
Authors: Sadique M. Z. , Legood R. 
Published: June 2011

M. Z. Sadique and R. LegoodWomen’s preferences regarding options for management of atypical, borderline or low‐grade cervical cytological abnormalities: a review of the evidenceObjectives:  To review the evidence on women’s preferences for and valuation of alternative management pathways following identification of low‐grade cytological abnormalities as part of routine cervical cancer screening. The aim was to identify empirical studies evaluating women’s preferences regarding alternative management pathways and to compare the impact of alternative elicitation methods on results.Methods:  A systematic review of the literature was conducted using the online bibliographic information service PubMed database. Empirical studies were identified that elicited general preferences, utilities or valuations based on willingness to pay (WTP) with respect to management of low‐grade cytology results. Data were extracted on the methodology used and the empirical results.Results:  Where quality of life data were elicited directly from patients that were undergoing management of low‐grade abnormalities utilizing direct elicitation techniques such as WTP, general preference questionnaires and the Euroqol, the studies tended towards a preference in favour of HPV testing (and colposcopy referral if HPV positive) rather than repeat cytology. In contrast, where studies included the general population and presented hypothetical scenarios of treatment pathways, and explicitly tried to incorporate assessment of process utility, the evidence indicated a slight tendency to favour repeat cytology.Conclusion:  Consideration of patient preferences in the management of low‐grade cytology is important for designing screening protocols. The reviewed studies indicate that potentially different conclusions may be drawn depending on the elicitation methodology and selection of participants in the research.
Metabolically induced pH fluctuations by some coastal calcifiers exceed projected 22nd century ocean acidification: a mechanism for differential susceptibility?
Authors: Hurd Catriona L. , Cornwall Christopher E. , Currie Kim , Hepburn Christopher D. , McGraw Christina M. , Hunter Keith A. , Boyd Philip W. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAnthropogenically mediated decreases in pH, termed ocean acidification (OA), may be a major threat to marine organisms and communities. Research has focussed mainly on tropical coral reefs, but temperate reefs play a no less important ecological role in colder waters, where OA effects may first be manifest. Herein, we report that trends in pH at the surface of three ecologically important cold‐water calcifiers (a primary producer and herbivores), under a range of fluid flows, differ substantially from one another, and for two of the three calcifiers, the pH, during darkness, is lower than the mean projected pH due to OA for the surface waters of the global ocean beyond the year 2100. Using micro‐electrodes, we show that each calcifier had a different pH gradient between its surface and mainstream seawater, i.e. within the diffusion boundary layer (DBL) that appears to act as an environmental buffer to mainstream pH. Abalone encountered only mainstream seawater pH, whereas pH at the sea urchins’ surface was reduced by ~0.35 units. For coralline algae, pH was ~0.5 units higher in the light and ~0.35 units lower under darkness than in ambient mainstream seawater. This wide range of pH within the DBL of some calcifiers will probably affect their performance under projected future reductions in pH due to OA. Differing exposure to a range of surface pH may result in differential susceptibility of calcifiers to OA. Such fluctuations are no doubt regulated by the interplay of water movement, morphology and metabolic rates (e.g. respiration, calcification and/or photosynthesis). Our study, by considering physics (flow regime), chemistry (pH gradients vs. OA future projections) and biology (trophic level, physiology and morphology), reveals that predicting species‐specific responses and subsequent ecosystem restructuring to OA is complex and requires a holistic, eco‐mechanical, approach.
Job demands, job resources and long‐term sickness absence in the Danish eldercare services: a prospective analysis of register‐based outcomes
Authors: Clausen Thomas , Nielsen Karina , Carneiro Isabella Gomes , Borg Vilhelm 
Published: June 2011

clausen t., nielsen k., carneiro i.g. & borg v. (2012) Job demands, job resources and long‐term sickness absence in the Danish eldercare services: a prospective analysis of register‐based outcomes. Journal of Advanced Nursing68(1), 127–136.AbstractAim.  To investigate associations between psychosocial job demands, job resources and cases of registered long‐term sickness absence among nursing staff in the eldercare services.Background.  Research has shown that psychosocial work environment exposures predict sickness absence in healthcare settings. However, only few studies have longitudinally investigated associations between specific job demands and job resources and risk of long‐term sickness absence.Methods.  Questionnaire data were collected in 2004 and 2005 among all employees in the eldercare services in 35 Danish municipalities and were followed in a National register on payment of sickness absence compensation for a 1‐year follow‐up period (N = 7921). Three psychosocial job demands – emotional demands, quantitative demands and role conflicts – and three job resources – influence, quality of leadership and team climate – were investigated to predict risk of sickness absence for eight or more consecutive weeks in the follow‐up period. Data were analysed using Cox proportional hazards model.Results.  A percentage of 6·5 of the respondents were absent for eight or more consecutive weeks during follow‐up. The analyses showed that emotional demands, role conflicts, influence, quality of leadership and team climate were significantly associated with risk of long‐term sickness absence. In an analysis with mutual adjustment for all job demands and job resources, influence constituted the strongest predictor of long‐term sickness absence (negative association).Conclusions.  Job demands and job resources are significantly associated with risk of long‐term sickness absence. Interventions aimed at improving the psychosocial work environment may, therefore, contribute towards preventing long‐term sickness absence in the eldercare services.
Addressing sexuality issues of women with gynaecological cancer: Chinese nurses’ attitudes and practice
Authors: Zeng Ying Chun , Liu Xiangyu , Loke Alice Yuen 
Published: June 2011

zeng y.c., liu x. & loke a.y. (2012) Addressing sexuality issues of women with gynaecological cancer: Chinese nurses’ attitudes and practice. Journal of Advanced Nursing 68(2), 280–292.AbstractAim.  This paper reports a study conducted to describe Chinese nurses’ attitudes and practice in addressing the sexuality concerns of people with gynaecological cancer.Background.  Women with gynaecological cancer face numerous challenges to their sexuality. The importance of addressing sexuality concerns of people with cancer is emphasized by a growing body of literature in Western countries.Methods.  This is a descriptive and correlational study. An inventory was adopted to explore Chinese nurses’ attitudes and practice related to sexuality care in nursing. Data were collected from December 2009 to February 2010.Results.  A sample of 202 nurses working in gynaecological units in China was recruited. Study results revealed that the majority (77·7%) held the attitude that ‘sexuality is too private an issue to discuss with patients’. Only 34·2%‘make time to discuss sexual concerns with patients’. Regression analysis revealed that nurse’ marital status and hospital type in which they were working influenced their practice in sexuality care. Nurses’ conservative attitudes towards sexuality, their prejudices about gynaecological cancer, the lack of availability of private environment, the lack of sexuality care training and the failure to include sexuality care in routine nursing care, were found to be factors that significantly influenced sexual care and nursing practice (adjusted R2 = 0·542, P < 0·001).Conclusions.  The study findings contribute to the understanding of Chinese nurses’ attitudes and practice in addressing the sexuality concerns of people with gynaecological cancer. There is a need to increase Chinese nurses’ awareness of their roles and the importance of equipping themselves with relevant skills in sexuality care in nursing practice.
Using lichen functional diversity to assess the effects of atmospheric ammonia in Mediterranean woodlands
Authors: Pinho Pedro , Dias Teresa , Cruz Cristina , Sim Tang Y. , Sutton Mark A. , Martins‐Loução Maria‐Amélia , Máguas Cristina , Branquinho Cristina 
Published: June 2011

Summary1. Atmospheric ammonia (NH3) is one of the main drivers for ecosystem changes world‐wide, including biodiversity loss. Modelling its deposition to evaluate its impact on ecosystems has been the focus of many studies. For that, universal indicators are needed to determine and compare the early effects of NH3 across ecosystems.2. We evaluate the effects of atmospheric NH3 in ecosystems using lichens, which are one of the most sensitive communities at the ecosystem level. Rather than measuring total diversity, we use a functional diversity approach because this is potentially a more universal tool.3. We evaluated the spatial and temporal patterns of atmospheric NH3 concentrations ([NH3]atm) emitted from a point‐source over a 1‐year period in a cork oak Mediterranean woodland. We observed a temporal pattern of [NH3]atm, with maximum concentrations during autumn.4. The distribution of lichen species was c. 90% explained by [NH3]atm. The tolerance of lichen species to atmospheric NH3, based on expert knowledge from literature, was tested for the first time against direct measurements of atmospheric NH3. Most species were well classified, with the exception of Lecanora albella and Chrysothrix candelaris, which were more tolerant than expected. Our updated lichen classification can be used to establish lichen functional groups that respond to atmospheric NH3, and these can be used in other Mediterranean countries.5. Increasing [NH3]atm led to a complete replacement of oligotrophic by nitrophytic species within 65 m of the NH3 source. The geostatistical analysis of functional diversity variables yielded a spatial model with low non‐spatial variance, indicating that these variables can cope robustly with high spatial variation in NH3.6. Synthesis and applications. Our results support the use of functional diversity variables, such as a lichen diversity value, as accurate and robust indicators of the effects of atmospheric NH3 on ecosystems. The spatial modelling of these indicators can provide information with high spatial resolution about the effects of atmospheric NH3 around point‐ and diffuse sources. As this methodology is based on functional groups, it can be applied to monitor both the impact of atmospheric NH3 and the success of mitigation strategies.
Identification of 14‐3‐3 proteins as a target of ATL31 ubiquitin ligase, a regulator of the C/N response in Arabidopsis
Authors: Sato Takeo , Maekawa Shugo , Yasuda Shigetaka , Domeki Yukie , Sueyoshi Kuni , Fujiwara Masayuki , Fukao Yoichiro , Goto Derek B. , Yamaguchi Junji 
Published: June 2011

SummaryThe balance between carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) availability is an important determinant for various phases of plant growth; however, the detailed mechanisms regulating the C/N response are not well understood. We previously described two related ubiquitin ligases, ATL31 and ATL6, that function in the C/N response in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we used FLAG tag affinity purification and MS analysis to identify proteins targeted by ATL31, and thus likely to be involved in regulating the phase transition checkpoint based on C/N status. This analysis revealed that 14‐3‐3 proteins were associated with ATL31, and one of these, 14‐3‐3χ, was selected for detailed characterization. The interaction between ATL31 and 14‐3‐3χ was confirmed by yeast two‐hybrid and co‐immunoprecipitation analyses. In vitro assays showed that ubiquitination of 14‐3‐3χ is catalyzed by ATL31. Degradation of 14‐3‐3χin vivo was shown to be correlated with ATL31 activity, and to occur in a proteasome‐dependent manner. Furthermore, 14‐3‐3 protein accumulation was induced by a shift to high‐C/N stress conditions in Arabidopsis seedlings, and this regulated response required both ATL31 and ATL6. It was also shown that over‐expression of 14‐3‐3χ leads to hypersensitivity of Arabidopsis seedlings to C/N stress conditions. These results indicate that ATL31 targets and ubiquitinates 14‐3‐3 proteins for degradation via the ubiquitin–proteasome system during the response to cellular C/N status.
Population‐specific spectrum of the F11 mutations in Koreans: evidence for a founder effect
Authors: Kim J , Song J , Lyu CJ , Kim YR , Oh SH , Choi YC , Yoo JH , Choi JR , Kim H , Lee K‐A 
Published: June 2011

Kim J, Song J, Lyu CJ, Kim YR, Oh SH, Choi YC, Yoo JH, Choi JR, Kim H, Lee K‐A. Population‐specific spectrum of the F11 mutations in Koreans: evidence for a founder effect.The aim of this study was to investigate a mutation spectrum of F11 among Korean patients with factor XI (FXI) deficiency and to determine the haplotypes of mutations frequently found in Koreans. Thirteen unrelated patients from non‐consanguineous families with FXI deficiency were included in the study. In the mutation analysis, the most frequently found mutations were Q263X (four cases; 31%) and Q226X (three cases; 23%). The frequency of Q263X‐bearing haplotype was significantly different between normal and patient groups (p = 0.001), which is consistent with a founder effect of Q263X mutation. Testing for the presence of these two mutations should be the first genetic screening in Korean patients with FXI deficiency.
Experimental evaluation of fatigue crack initiation from corroded hemispherical notches in aerospace structural materials
Authors: GARCIA D. B. , FORMAN R. , SHINDO D. 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTA test program was developed and executed to evaluate the influence of corroded hemispherical notches on the fatigue crack initiation process in aluminium 7075‐T7351, 4340 steel and D6AC steel. Surface enhancements such as shot peening and laser shock peening were also incorporated as part of the test effort with the intent of assessing any improvements in fatigue performance. The aluminium specimens exhibited a relative insensitivity to the surface enhancements for crack initiation in pits ranging from 0.3 to 2.0 mm, and localized yielding was only a factor for smaller pits operated at an elevated load ratio. Residual stresses created by the surface enhancements as well as localized yielding improved the crack initiation behavior from the base of the pits for both the 4340 and D6AC steel specimens. This behaviour was evident at high and low load ratios. In particular, laser shock peening induced residual stresses produced a significant increase in the crack initiation stress even when localized yielding was not a factor.
Comparative microbial diversity analyses of modern marine thrombolitic mats by barcoded pyrosequencing
Authors: Mobberley Jennifer M. , Ortega Maya C. , Foster Jamie S. 
Published: June 2011

SummaryThrombolites are unlaminated carbonate structures that form as a result of the metabolic interactions of complex microbial mat communities. Thrombolites have a long geological history; however, little is known regarding the microbes associated with modern structures. In this study, we use a barcoded 16S rRNA gene‐pyrosequencing approach coupled with morphological analysis to assess the bacterial, cyanobacterial and archaeal diversity associated with actively forming thrombolites found in Highborne Cay, Bahamas. Analyses revealed four distinct microbial mat communities referred to as black, beige, pink and button mats on the surfaces of the thrombolites. At a coarse phylogenetic resolution, the domain bacterial sequence libraries from the four mats were similar, with Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria being the most abundant. At the finer resolution of the rRNA gene sequences, significant differences in community structure were observed, with dramatically different cyanobacterial communities. Of the four mat types, the button mats contained the highest diversity of Cyanobacteria, and were dominated by two sequence clusters with high similarity to the genus Dichothrix, an organism associated with the deposition of carbonate. Archaeal diversity was low, but varied in all mat types, and the archaeal community was predominately composed of members of the Thaumarchaeota and Euryarchaeota. The morphological and genetic data support the hypothesis that the four mat types are distinctive thrombolitic mat communities.
The impact of locus of control and priming on the endowment effect
Authors: SUN YA‐CHUNG 
Published: June 2011

Sun, Y.‐C. (2011). The impact of locus of control and priming on the endowment effect. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 52, 420–426.This paper demonstrates the effects of different priming conditions on the endowment effect with respect to seller and buyer roles for individuals with different loci of control. Individuals with an external locus of control process information less rationally, and they are more susceptible to external influences. In addition, the literature reports that when individuals are making a purchasing decision, they tend to perceive the value of the product as being higher because of its utility aspect because decision makers search for reasons and arguments to justify their choices (Shafir 1993; Tversky & Griffin, 1991). Therefore, this study investigates the effects of different priming conditions (utilitarian priming vs. hedonic priming) on the endowment effect according to each type of locus of control (internal vs. external). The results showed that the endowment effect was larger when externals were exposed to utilitarian priming as opposed to hedonic priming. Finally, the implications of these findings and suggestions for future research are discussed.