bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new lightweight network for efficient UAV object detection
Authors: Hua Wei , Chen Qili , Chen Wenbai 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOptimizing the structure of deep neural networks is essential in many applications. Especially in the object detection tasks of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. Due to the constraints of the onboard platform, a more efficient network is required to meet practical demands. Nevertheless, existing lightweight detection networks exhibit excessive redundant computations and may yield in a certain level of accuracy loss. To address these issues, this paper proposes a new lightweight network structure named Cross-Stage Partially Deformable Network (CSPDNet). The initial proposal consists of a Deformable Separable Convolution Block (DSCBlock), separating feature channels, greatly reducing the computational load of convolution, and applying adaptive sampling to the separated feature map. Subsequently, to establish information interaction between feature layers, a channel weighting module is proposed. This module calculates weights for the separated feature map, facilitating information exchange across channels and resolutions. Moreover, it compensates for the effect of point-wise (1$$\times$$×1) convolutions, filtering out more important feature information. Furthermore, a new CSPDBlock is designed, primarily composed of DSCBlock, establishing multidimensional feature correlations for each separated feature layer. This approach improves the ability to capture critical feature information and reconstruct gradient paths, thereby preserving detection accuracy. The proposed technology achieves a balance between model parameter size and detection accuracy. Furthermore, experimental results on object detection datasets demonstrate that our designed network, using fewer parameters, achieves competitive detection performance results compared to existing lightweight networks YOLOv5n, YOLOv6n, YOLOv8n, NanoDet and PP-PicoDet. The optimization effect of the designed CSPDBlock, using the VisDrone dataset, is validated when incorporated into advanced detection algorithms YOLOv5m, PPYOLOEm, YOLOv7, RTMDetm and YOLOv8m. In more detail, by incorporating the designed modules it was achieved that the parameters were reduced by 10–20% while almost maintaining detection accuracy.
Prediction and design optimization of mechanical properties for rubber fertilizer hose reinforced with helically wrapped nylon
Authors: Wang Mengfan , Zhang Lixin , Fu Changxin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Predicting and optimizing the mechanical performance of the helically wound nylon-reinforced rubber fertilizer hose (HWNR hose) is crucial for enhancing the performance of hose pumps. This study aims to enhance the service life of HWNR hoses and the efficiency of liquid fertilizer transport. First, a finite element simulation model and a mathematical model were established to analyze the influence of fiber layer arrangement on the maximum shear strain on the coaxial surface (MSS) and the reaction force on the extrusion roller (RF). For the first time, the Crested Porcupine Optimizer algorithm was used to improve the Generalized Regression Neural Network (CPO-GRNN) method to establish a surrogate model for predicting the mechanical properties of HWNR hoses, and it was compared with Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Results showed CPO-GRNN's superiority in handling complex nonlinear problems. Finally, the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) was employed for optimization design. Compared to the original HWNR hose with an MSS of 0.906 and an RF of 30,376N, the optimized design reduced the MSS by 7.99% and increased the RF by 2.46%, significantly enhancing their service life and liquid fertilizer transport capacity. However, further research on fatigue damage is needed.
Research on temperature detection method of liquor distilling pot feeding operation based on a compressed algorithm
Authors: LIU Xiaolian , Gong Shaopeng , Hua Xiangxu , Chen Taotao , Zhao Chunjiang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In the process of feeding the distilling bucket after vapor detection, the existing methods can only realize the lag detection after the steam overflow, and can not accurately detect the location of the steam, etc. At the same time, in order to effectively reduce the occupancy of the computational resources and improve the deployment performance, this study established infrared image dataset of fermented grains surface, and fused the YOLO v5n and the knowledge distillation and the model pruning algorithms, and an lightweight method YOLO v5ns-DP was proposed as as a model for detecting temperature changes in the surface layer of fermented grains during the process of feeding the distilling. The experimental results indicated that the improvement makes YOLOv5n improve its performance in all aspects. The number of parameters, GLOPs and model size of YOLO v5ns-DP have been reduced by 28.6%, 16.5%, and 26.4%, respectively, and the mAP has been improved by 0.6. Therefore, the algorithm is able to predict in advance and accurately detect the location of the liquor vapor, which effectively improves the precision and speed of the detection of the temperature of the surface fermented grains , and well completes the real-time detecting task.
The trajectory of smoking cessation after treatment and its related factors in Taiwan
Authors: Lin Chia-Hong , Wang Cing-Ya , Chen Kuan-Fen , Chiu Shu-Pi , Huang Wan-Ting , Fan Sheng-Yu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSmoking has multiple negative effects on health; therefore, the Taiwanese government provides smoking cessation clinics to smokers. This study aimed to explore the trajectory of smoking cessation after smokers received treatment and the variables related to different trajectories. A retrospective longitudinal study was conducted, in which 735 adult smokers who received smoking cessation medications were recruited. The participants’ demographic characteristics, chronic diseases, smoking characteristics, and cigarette dependence were collected from chart review. The amount of smoking was collected at baseline, and at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after treatment. The Proc Traj procedure for group-based modeling and multinomial logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. Three trajectories were identified: early quitters (28.03%), late quitters (11.43%) and reducers (60.54%). Compared with early quitters, reducers were younger and had a higher probability of severe cigarette dependence. Compared with early quitters, late quitters had a higher number of taking smoking cessation medications. The findings revealed that approximately 60% of participants who received smoking cessation treatment could not completely quit smoking, and that age, number of medications taken, and cigarette dependence were significant predictors of different trajectories.
A multimodal multitask deep learning framework for vibrotactile feedback and sound rendering
Authors: Joolee Joolekha Bibi , Uddin Md Azher 
Published: June 2024

AbstractData-driven approaches are often utilized to model and generate vibrotactile feedback and sounds for rigid stylus-based interaction. Nevertheless, in prior research, these two modalities were typically addressed separately due to challenges related to synchronization and design complexity. To this end, we introduce a novel multimodal multitask deep learning framework. In this paper, we developed a comprehensive end-to-end data-driven system that encompasses the capture of contact acceleration signals and sound data from various texture surfaces. This framework introduces novel encoder-decoder networks for modeling and rendering vibrotactile feedback through an actuator while routing sound to headphones. The proposed encoder-decoder networks incorporate stacked transformers with convolutional layers to capture both local variability and overall trends within the data. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to apply transformer-based data-driven approach for modeling and rendering of vibrotactile signals as well as sounds during tool-surface interactions. In numerical evaluations, the proposed framework demonstrates a lower RMS error compared to state-of-the-art models for both vibrotactile signals and sound data. Additionally, subjective similarity evaluation also confirm the superiority of proposed method over state-of-the-art.
Biomarkers for ideal protein: rabbit diet metabolomics varying key amino acids
Authors: Marín-García Pablo Jesús , Llobat Lola , Cambra-López María , Blas Enrique , Larsen Torben , Pascual Juan José , Hedemann Mette Skou 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWith the main aim of identifying biomarkers that contribute to defining the concept of ideal protein in growing rabbits under the most diverse conditions possible this work describes two different experiments. Experiment 1: 24 growing rabbits are included at 56 days of age. The rabbits are fed ad libitum one of the two experimental diets only differing in lysine levels. Experiment 2: 53 growing rabbits are included at 46 days of age, under a fasting and eating one of the five experimental diets, with identical chemical composition except for the three typically limiting amino acids (being fed commercial diets ad libitum in both experiments). Blood samples are taken for targeted and untargeted metabolomics analysis. Here we show that the metabolic phenotype undergoes alterations when animals experience a rapid dietary shift in the amino acid levels. While some of the differential metabolites can be attributed directly to changes in specific amino acids, creatinine, urea, hydroxypropionic acid and hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid are suggested as a biomarker of amino acid imbalances in growing rabbits’ diets, since its changes are not attributable to a single amino acid. The fluctuations in their levels suggest intricate amino acid interactions. Consequently, we propose these metabolites as promising biomarkers for further research into the concept of the ideal protein using rabbit as a model.
Unveiling universal aspects of the cellular anatomy of the brain
Authors: Ansell Helen S. , Kovács István A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRecent cellular-level volumetric brain reconstructions have revealed high levels of anatomic complexity. Determining which structural aspects of the brain to focus on, especially when comparing with computational models and other organisms, remains a major challenge. Here we quantify aspects of this complexity and show evidence that brain anatomy satisfies universal scaling laws, establishing the notion of structural criticality in the cellular structure of the brain. Our framework builds upon understanding of critical systems to provide clear guidance in selecting informative structural properties of cellular brain anatomy. As an illustration, we obtain estimates for critical exponents in the human, mouse and fruit fly brains and show that they are consistent between organisms, to the extent that data limitations allow. Such universal quantities are robust to many of the microscopic details of the cellular structures of individual brains, providing a key step towards generative computational models of the cellular structure of the brain, and also clarifying in which sense one animal may be a suitable anatomic model for another.
Nonuniform response of vegetation phenology to daytime and nighttime warming in urban areas
Authors: Kim JiHyun , Sohn Soyoung , Wang Zhuosen , Kim Yeonjoo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe phenological response of vegetation to changing climates requires exploration across environments, including urban areas with elevated daytime and nighttime temperatures (TD and TN) and artificial lights. Here, we analyzed multiple remotely-sensed datasets (2012–2021) from and around a highly-urbanized area, Seoul, in South Korea. While the urban fraction and artificial lights largely contributed to advancing the start-of-season (SOS) and delaying the end-of-season (EOS) (30.7–42.1%), SOS changes were more driven by TD (15.7%), whereas EOS changes were more attributed to TN (21.8%). A higher response of the SOS to TD was found in more urbanized areas with higher artificial lights, while the sensitivity of the EOS to TN increased in brighter areas during nighttime. These findings indicate that vegetation’s response to rising temperatures will become dynamic, given the potential constraints by light and other attributes, calling for further assessments of its implication for terrestrial ecosystems and carbon cycle.
Biomolecular condensates with complex architectures via controlled nucleation
Authors: Erkamp Nadia A. , Verwiel Madelief A. M. , Qian Daoyuan , Sneideris Tomas , Spaepen Frans A. , Weitz David A. , van Hest Jan C. M. , Knowles Tuomas P. J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe structure and function of biomolecular condensates are closely related. However, many studies and applications of this relationship are prevented because controlling the mesoscale architecture of condensates can be difficult. Here we introduce a way to create custom multiphase architectures by nucleating new droplets in condensates. This nucleation occurs due to limited diffusion in the dense condensates and a composition change forced upon the system by changing the experimental conditions. The designed architectures are transient states created out of equilibrium. We provide a detailed method for understanding and designing a range of condensate architectures. Access to these long-lived complex architectures will enable researchers to incorporate increasingly sophisticated compartmentalization and functionality in condensates. This general strategy for creating complex structured condensates out of equilibrium may also provide insights into the structure of condensates in cells.
Alterations of the peptidomic composition of peripheral plasma after portal hypertension correction by transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt
Authors: Bagarolo Giulia Ilaria , Bhargava Shruti , Schierwagen Robert , Gu Wenyi , Jankowski Vera , Soppert Josefin , Barzakova Emona , Cascone Federica , Tyc Olaf , Kuhl Christiane , Noels Heidi , Trebicka Jonel , Jankowski Joachim 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPortal hypertension develops in patients with advanced chronic liver diseases (CLD), especially cirrhosis and is associated with complications, such as gastrointestinal bleeding and ascites resulting in high mortality. The transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is a treatment option for portal hypertension, aiming to decrease portal venous pressure by establishing an artificial passage for blood from the gastrointestinal tract to the liver vein. This study focuses on the differences in the molecular composition of plasma samples from patients with portal hypertension before and after TIPS intervention to identify and characterise potential mediators influencing gut-liver cross-talk. The plasma of 23 patients displaying advanced CLD with portal hypertension was collected from peripheral veins before and after TIPS treatment and analysed using a well-established non-targeted chromatography-mass spectrometric (LC-MS) approach. Sialomucin core protein 24(CD164)(160–180), meckelin(99-118), Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase(MLL3)(3019-3045) and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 5(TRPV5)(614-630) were identified to be downregulated after the TIPS treatment. In addition, the metabolites 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionic acid (CMPF), uric acid, dopamine, homoarginine, leucylproline and 5-methyluridine were significantly decreased after TIPS, whereas one yet unidentified low molecular-weight metabolite showed an increase after the medical procedure. In conclusion, these substances are novel potential biomarkers for portal hypertension in patients with CLD, with mechanistic clues of involvement in regulating pathological gut-liver cross-talk.
XLSSC 122 caught in the act of growing up
Authors: van Marrewijk J. , Di Mascolo L. , Gill A. S. , Battaglia N. , Battistelli E. S. , Bond J. R. , Devlin M. J. , Doze P. , Dunkley J. , Knowles K. , Hincks A. , Hughes J. P. , Hilton M. , Moodley K. , Mroczkowski T. , Naess S. , Partridge B. , Popping G. , Sifón C. , Staggs S. T. , Wollack E. J. 
Published: June 2024

Context.How protoclusters evolved from sparse galaxy overdensities to mature galaxy clusters is still not well understood. In this context, detecting and characterizing the hot intracluster medium (ICM) at high redshifts (z ∼ 2) is key to understanding how the continuous accretion from the filamentary large-scale structure and the mergers along it impact the first phases of cluster formation.Aims.We study the dynamical state and morphology of thez = 1.98 galaxy cluster XLSSC 122 with high-resolution observations (≈5″) of the ICM through the Sunyaev–Zeldovich (SZ) effect. XLSSC 122 is the highest redshift optically confirmed galaxy cluster found in an unbiased, widefield survey.Methods.Via Bayesian forward modeling, we mapped the ICM on scales from the virial radius down to the core of the cluster. To constrain such a broad range of spatial scales, we employed a new technique that jointly forward-models parametric descriptions of the pressure distribution to interferometric ACA and ALMA observations and multiband imaging data from ACT.Results.We detect the SZ effect with 11σsignificance in the ALMA+ACA observations and find a flattened inner pressure profile that is consistent with a noncool core classification with a significance of ≥3σ. In contrast to the previous works, we find better agreement between the SZ effect signal and the X-ray emission as well as the cluster member distribution. Further, XLSSC 122 exhibits an excess of SZ flux in the south of the cluster where no X-ray emission is detected. By reconstructing the interferometric observations and modeling in theuv-plane, we obtain a tentative detection of an infalling group or filamentary-like structure in the southeast that is believed to boost and heat up the ICM while the density of the gas is still low. In addition to characterizing the dynamical state of the cluster, we provide an improved SZ mass estimateM500,c = 1.66−0.20+0.23 × 1014 M⊙.Conclusions.Altogether, the observations indicate that we see XLSSC 122 in a dynamic phase of cluster formation while a large reservoir of gas is already thermalized.
Disk Evolution Study Through Imaging of Nearby Young Stars (DESTINYS): PDS 111, an old T Tauri star with a young-looking disk
Authors: Derkink Annelotte , Ginski Christian , Pinilla Paola , Kurtovic Nicolas , Kaper Lex , de Koter Alex , Valegård Per-Gunnar , Mamajek Eric , Backs Frank , Benisty Myriam , Birnstiel Til , Columba Gabriele , Dominik Carsten , Garufi Antonio , Hogerheijde Michiel , van Holstein Rob , Huang Jane , Ménard François , Rab Christian , Ramírez-Tannus María Claudia , Ribas Álvaro , Williams Jonathan P. , Zurlo Alice 
Published: June 2024

Context. The interplay between T Tauri stars and their circumstellar disks, and how this impacts the onset of planet formation has yet to be established. In the last years, major progress has been made using instrumentation that probes the dust structure in the mid-plane and at the surface of protoplanetary disks. Observations show a great variety of disk shapes and substructures that are crucial for understanding planet formation.
Aims. We studied a seemingly old T Tauri star, PDS 111, and its disk. We combined complementary observations of the stellar atmosphere, the circumstellar hot gas, the surface of the disk, and the mid-plane structure.
Methods. We analyzed optical, infrared, and sub-millimeter observations obtained with VLT/X-shooter, Mercator/HERMES, TESS, VLT/SPHERE, and ALMA, providing a new view on PDS 111 and its protoplanetary disk. The multi-epoch spectroscopy yields photospheric lines to classify the star and to update its stellar parameters, and emission lines to study variability in the hot inner disk and to determine the mass-accretion rate. The SPHERE and ALMA observations are used to characterize the dust distribution of the small and large grains, respectively.
Results. PDS 111 is a weak-line TTauri star with spectral type G2, exhibits strong Hα variability and with a low mass-accretion rate of 1−5 × 10−10 M⊙ yr−1. We measured an age of the system of 15.9−3.7+1.7 Myr using pre-main sequence tracks. The SPHERE observations show a strongly flaring disk with an asymmetric substructure. The ALMA observations reveal a 30 au cavity in the dust continuum emission with a low contrast asymmetry in the South-West of the disk and a dust disk mass of 45.8 M⊙ or ~0.14 MJup. The 12CO observations do not show a cavity and the 12CO radial extension is at least three times larger than that of the dust emission.
Conclusions. Although the measured age is younger than often suggested in literature, PDS 111 seems relatively old; this provides insight into disk properties at an advanced stage of pre-main sequence evolution. The characteristics of this disk are very similar to its younger counterparts: strongly flaring, an average disk mass, a typical radial extent of the disk gas and dust, and the presence of common substructures. This suggests that disk evolution has not significantly changed the disk properties. These results show similarities with the “Peter Pan disks” around M-dwarfs, that “refuse to evolve”.
Hurdles on the way to the diagnosis of asthma and successful therapy
Authors: Hausen Thomas 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThere are many potential hurdles, obviously at the forefront of patient care which may impede the correct and early diagnosis of asthma, as well as successful, appropriate treatment. Although the illness is often accompanied by many typical signs which may enable a rapid diagnosis, these are often overlooked or misinterpreted. Symptoms may not be recognised or confused with others, such as respiratory infections, and inappropriate diagnostic tests used. Inappropriate therapy (absent or insufficient dosage of a topical anti-inflammatory and/or exclusive usage of a short-acting beta-agonist) and failure to adapt therapy may further impede the patient’s chance to live without symptoms.
Sessile serrated lesion prevalence and factors associated with their detection: a post-hoc analysis of a multinational randomized controlled trial from Asia
Authors: Tan Chin Kimg , Suzuki Sho , Ang Tiing Leong , Koh Xuan Han , Wang Lai Mun , Aniwan Satimai , Chiu Han-Mo , Laohavichitra Kannikar , Chirapongsathorn Sakkarin , Yamamura Takeshi , Kuo Chen Ya , Yoshida Naohisa , Takezawa Takahito , Rerknimitr Rungsun , Ishikawa Hideki , Gotoda Takuji 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background Sessile serrated lesions (SSLs) are associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. Data on the prevalence of SSLs in Asia are limited. We performed this study to estimate the prevalence of SSLs in Asia and to explore endoscopic factors that are associated with SSL detection.
Methods This is a post-hoc analysis of a multicenter randomized controlled trial from four Asian countries/regions that compared adenoma detection rates using linked-color imaging (LCI) and white-light imaging. Colonoscopies were performed in an average-risk population for screening, diagnostic examination, or polyp surveillance. Patients with SSLs were compared against those without SSLs to evaluate for possible predictors of SSL detection using Firth’s logistic regression.
Results 2898 participants (mean age 64.5 years) were included in the analysis. The estimated prevalence of SSLs was 4.0% (95%CI 3.4%–4.8%), with no sex or age group differences. On multivariable analysis, use of LCI (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.63, 95%CI 1.10–2.41), experienced endoscopists (aOR 1.94, 95%CI 1.25–3.00), use of transparent cap (aOR 1.75, 95%CI 1.09–2.81), and longer withdrawal time (aOR 1.06, 95%CI 1.03–1.10) were independently associated with SSL detection. Synchronous adenoma detection (aOR 1.89, 95%CI 1.20–2.99) was also predictive of SSL detection.
Conclusion The prevalence of SSLs in Asia is 4.0%. Use of LCI or
a transparent cap, greater endoscopist experience, and longer withdrawal time were all
associated with increased SSL detection.