bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IJCM_100A: Mountain Heights and Aging Insights: A Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment and Its Correlates in a Mesmerizing Hilly City of Northern India
Authors: Sachdeva Amit 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Global population is experiencing a rapid increase in the proportion of older adults, posing unique challenges to healthcare systems.

Objective:
To conduct a comprehensive geriatric assessment in Shimla, a hilly city in Northern India

Methodology:
A total of 408 participants aged 60 years and above were included in the study. Data were collected through structured interviews using a specifically designed questionnaire covering wide range of topics including socio-demographic characteristics, medical history, functional assessment, cognitive function assessment, psychosocial assessment, nutritional assessment, physical examination, fall risk assessment, and polypharmacy assessment.

Results:
The study involved 408 participants, with an average age of 70 years, comprising 53% males and 47% females. Functional assessment indicated theneed for assistance in various activities of daily living (ADLs) (16-32%) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) (28-42%) Cognitive function assessment using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) revealed cognitive impairment in 32% and 42%, respectively. The Clock Drawing Test indicated difficulties in time representation and spatial organization in 28%. Psychosocial assessment highlighted the prevalence of symptoms of depression in 36% and f anxiety in 27%. Nutritional assessment revealed that 29% were malnourished, and 34% were at high risk of malnutrition according to the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST). Musculoskeletal disorders were found in 42%, while sensory impairments were observed in 28%. The fall risk assessment using the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test and the Berg Balance Scale indicated an increased risk of falls in 36% and 41%, respectively. Polypharmacy assessment highlighted that 82 were taking multiple medications concurrently.

Conclusion:
The findings emphasize the importance of addressing the specific challenges faced by older adults in such geographical contexts. The results can guide the development of effective healthcare interventions and policies that are tailored to the unique needs of older adults in hilly areas.
IJCM_102A: Perception of Medical, Dental and Allied Health Science (AHS) Students towards Inter-professional Learning and Inter-professionalism in Mangalore
Authors: Chauhan Akshata J , Kumar Sunil , Singhal Abhinav , Khanuja Anushka , Karoshma MP , Kumar Nithin , Rekha T , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Mithra Prasanna , Holla Ramesh 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Interprofessional Education (IPE) has gained recognition in health professions education due to evolving healthcare roles and systems, emphasizing collaboration for quality care. Attitudinal barriers hinder its implementation, necessitating a deeper understanding of student perspectives. This study explores the attitudes of medical (MBBS), dental (BDS), and allied health science (AHS) students towards interprofessional learning (IPL) in a cross-sectional study at Kasturba Medical College (KMC) and Manipal College of Dental Sciences (MCODS), Manipal University, Mangalore.

Methodology:
A total of 205 students participated, comprising 150 MBBS, 40 BDS, and 15 AHS students. Data was collected through a modified semi-structured questionnaire, assessing attitudes towards IPL using Likert scales. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS ver. 20.0, with results expressed in medians and significance determined by the Mann-Whitney test.

Results:
Overall, students demonstrated positive attitudes towards IPL, with significant agreement that it enhances communication skills, facilitates professional relationships, and improves clinical problem-solving. Both MBBS and non-medical students expressed willingness to learn with peers from diverse healthcare disciplines, indicating a shared understanding of the importance of collaborative practice.

Conclusion:
The study highlights favourable attitudes among medical, dental, and allied health science students towards interprofessional learning, suggesting a readiness for collaboration in healthcare practice. These findings underscore the importance of incorporating interprofessional education opportunities within healthcare curricula to foster teamwork and enhance patient care outcomes.
IJCM_105A: Clinical Profile of Cases of Fibroid Uterus Admitted to a Tertiary Care Hospital in Mangalore
Authors: Sinha Aayush , Mukherjee Ramita , George Filgy , Loomila L , Sharan Soumya , Holla Ramesh , Kumar Nithin , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Rekha T , Mithra Prasanna , Motappa Rohith , Rao Mithun 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Uterine fibroids, also known as leiomyomas or myomas, are non-cancerous growths of the uterus commonly occurring during childbearing years. Despite their benign nature, they can cause significant morbidity. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of uterine fibroids, socio- demographic profiles, clinical features, complications, treatment modalities, and outcomes among patients in a tertiary hospital setting.

Methodology:
A hospital-based retrospective study was conducted at Government Lady Goshen Hospital, Mangalore, from 8th February 2015 to 28th February 2015. Records of patients diagnosed with uterine fibroids in 2013 and 2014 were reviewed. Data on socio-demographic details, clinical features, complications, comorbid conditions, treatments, and outcomes were collected using a structured proforma and analysed using SPSS version 11.5.

Results:
A total of 177 cases of uterine fibroids were analysed. Most patients belonged to the age group of 31-40 years. Menstrual disturbances were common, with menorrhagia being predominant. Complications such as infertility and vaginal discharge were observed in 21.5% of cases. Surgical treatment, particularly hysterectomy, was commonly employed, resulting in a cure rate of 76.8%.

Conclusion:
This study provides insights into the clinical profile and management of uterine fibroids in a tertiary hospital setting. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate management, considering socio-demographic factors and associated complications, are essential for improved outcomes in patients with uterine fibroids.
IJCM_106A: Motivating factor, Health and Quality of life: A mixed methods study of elderly residents in a senior living facility in Bangalore, South India
Authors: Prakash Savinitha , Agrawal Twinkle , Stephan Milind , Koshy Karan Anil , George Sukrutha 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Senior living communities, offering autonomous living in India are nascent but are experiencing increased demand due to a growing proportion of financially independent seniors and the prevalent phenomenon of nuclear families.

Objective:
To determine factors influencing elderly citizens choosing to live in a senior living community, to assess their quality of life, mental health and sleep hygiene; and to qualitatively explore contributing factors.

Methodology:
This mixed methods study was done exploratively among residents of a private paid-for senior living facility in Bangalore. Quantitative data was collected using standard questionnaires. Linear and logistic regression was performed to look for associations. Subsequently, key informant interviews were conducted. The data were manually coded, and inductive thematic analysis was performed.

Results:
The median age of the 100 participants was 76 years and 73% were financially independent. Comorbidities were present in 89% of them. Reasons for living in the facility were lack of family support (69%) and preferring to live with peers (13%). The Old People Quality of Life Brief Questionnaire revealed a median score of 44 with 88% strongly agreeing that they enjoyed their life overall. Quality of life was significantly lesser in those lacking family support. Screening for psychological distress using PHQ4 was positive in 22%. Sleep disturbance was perceived by 71%, with waking up in the middle of the night being the commonest complaint. Qualitative findings revealed that the management allocates funds effectively for the residents needs and well-being. Residents stated that staff worked with patience and compassion. Regular recreational activities enhance mental health. Shared religious and social ties foster support.

Conclusion:
Most residents of this senior living facility said they have a good quality of life and that they were satisfied with the community support and facilities provided.
IJCM_107A: A study on healthcare seeking behaviour among the geriatric population residing in southeast Delhi: A community based cross sectional study
Authors: Sultana Eram , Roy Sushovan , Alvi Yasir , Gautam Richa 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Health-seeking behaviour is defined as â€˜any activity undertaken by individuals who perceive themselves to have a health problem or to be ill for the purpose of finding an appropriate remedy. The severity of the disease among elderly is influenced by one important factor which is health seeking behaviour. To regain their lost health status the elderly must seek the treatment. The way people conceptualize the cause of their health problem and their perception of symptoms plays an important role in seeking healthcare. Health seeking behaviour is influenced by few factors like illiteracy, misconception, income, family composition, social isolation and dependency.

Objective:
To assess the healthcare seeking behaviour among the geriatric population residing in the field practise area of a Medical College in South East Delhi.

Methodology:
Community-based cross-sectional study conducted in South East Delhi. â€¢ The sample size was calculated as 350 considering a relative error of 3% at 95% level of significance and 10% non-response rate. Stratified random sampling with probability proportional to size was applied to the population registered at UHTC & RHTC area of a medical college in southeast Delhi. Households were selected by systematic random sampling. Persons aged > 60 years from the households were selected for the study. A self-designed, pre-tested, validated, structured questionnaire was used to collect the data.

Results
In our study it was found that the majority of the participants take treatment when they fall sick ie 99.5%. Of those who take treatment 54% go forconsultation whereas 48% take over the counter medication and 33% do home remedies. Out of the 54% who consult, 78.7% visit Private health facility and 21.3% visit Public health facility. Out of the 78.7% who visit private health facility 65.9% visit Non registered medical practitioner and 7.1% don’t even know whether their doctor is registered or not. Majority of the participants ie 86% preferred health facility within 1kms of their house & it was also a major reason for choosing a health facility for consultation. 98% of the participants visit only in case of illness. 52% were accompanied by their children or daughter in law and 26% visited alone.

Conclusion:
The participants favoured more private than public healthcare institutions. Nearby medical facilities were favoured, and non-registered medical professionals comprised the majority of them. Almost all senior people received therapy of some kind rather than dismissing it as an issue unique to ageing.
IJCM_108A: A Community Based Cross-sectional Study on prevalence of Low Social Support Status of the Geriatric Age group in a Rural population of South India.
Authors: Ravikrishnan R , Venkatesan Murugan 
Published: April 2024

Background:
The elderly above 60 years of age constituted 10.5% of India’s population according to the United Nations Population Fund India Ageing Report 2023.

Objective:
To estimate the prevalence of low social support of the geriatric age group in a rural population of South India.

Methodology:
A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out on 200 elderly individuals including both genders in two villages of the field practice areas of the Rural Health Training Center of MAPIMS during the month of September & October 2023 with the use of the Multidimensional Scale Perceived Social Support questionnaire (MSPSS). Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis were carried out using SPSS version 24 software.

Results:
The mean age of the study participants was 66.33 ± 8.02 years and the majority of the study participants were females (62%). Out of 200 study Participants, 110 (55%) elderly were found to have low social support, 71 (35.5%) had moderate social support and 19 (9.5%) had high social support. The result also showed that the farmers, Illiterates, people belonging to low socioeconomic status and those married were significantly having low social support.

Conclusion:
The study concluded the prevalence of low social support is high among the geriatric population and emphasizes the need to create awareness among the people regarding the provision of social support to the geriatric population.
IJCM_11A: Clinico-epidemiological profile of malignancies in the tertiary care centres in Mangalore
Authors: Gupta Kashvi , Mithra Prasanna , Unnikrishnan B , Rekha T , Kumar Nithin , Chaturvedi Abhinav , Shetty Siddhant , Shankar Ravi , Singh Richa , Ayesha  
Published: April 2024

Background:
The Hospital-based Cancer Registry (HBCR) part of the National Cancer Registry Programme provides the number of cancer cases attending the hospital in various disciplines and the exact type of cases classified, diagnosed and treated. This study was done to assess the socio-demographic, clinical profile, and trend of malignancy cases in the tertiary care centres of Mangalore.

Methodology:
This Record-based retrospective study was conducted in tertiary care hospitals affiliated with Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore and all the cases of malignancies admitted during the study period were included. The data were collected using a proforma and analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. The results were expressed as proportions using appropriate tables and graphs.

Results:
A total of 600 cancer cases were identified, with females comprising nearly half 48.8%(n=293) and among them the highest number of cases, 28% (n=82) were found in the age group 60 and above. Overall, cancer cases appear to be more prevalent in older age groups for both genders. Among males, the most common cancers were Oral cavity cancers 34.2%(n=105), followed by Gastrointestinal (GI) tract cancers,16.3%(n=50). In females the most common cancers were found to be of the breast followed by uterine cancer then by oral cavity

Conclusion:
The prevalence of cancer in both genders were found to be almost the same. The highest number of cases were reported from Karnataka followed by Kerala. The highest prevalence was found in higher extremes of age above 60 years.
IJCM_110A: How informed are our patients about generic medicines? – A study from coastal South India
Authors: Darshan B.B , Hanumanth S , Shetty Sathkar U , Shetty Ananya , Prakash Vaishnavi 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Medicines form a major part of out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) for patients. The government has introduced schemes to distribute generic medicines at low cost to reduce the financial burden on patients. This study was undertaken to assess the community’s perception of the same. The study aimed to assess the awareness and perception of generic medicines among people visiting tertiary care hospitals in Mangalore.

Methodology:
This study was a hospital-based cross-sectional study, conducted in two hospitals, one private hospital, and another a government tertiary healthcare centre. A semi-structured questionnaire including socio- demographic variables and questions to assess the knowledge, attitude, and perception about generic medicines and programs about the same was given to the participants. The information obtained was analyzed using SPSS version 17.0 for descriptive statistics.

Results:
The study included 300 participants. Around 50% of the study participants were aware of the program, of which 59.3% were from a private health setup. The main source of information was found to be friends and family (21.3%). More than half of the people who were aware of the program had never visited a generic medicine store (56%).

Conclusion:
Knowledge regarding generic medicines was found to be minimal among the participants, especially from the people visiting the public health setup. Hence there is less than optimum utilization of these schemes.
IJCM_111A: Awareness of third- and fourth-hand smoking and its implications among medical students - A cross sectional study
Authors: Saranya SV , Prabhakar Ram V , Balamurugan S 
Published: April 2024

Background:
The term third hand smoke (THS) may have initially appeared in print in 2006, more widely known in 2009. In that work, the researchers stated that 65.2% of non-smokers and 43.3% of smokers believed THS could harm children and such opinions were associated with the imposition of home smoking bans. Fourth-hand smoke, up to two thirds of cigarette butts terminate in the environment.

Objective:
To estimate awareness and implication of third- and fourth-hand smoking among Medical students.

Methodology:
A cross sectional study was conducted among Medical students of a Medical College in South India in the month of April 2023. All Medical students whoever gave consent were included in the study. A pre-designed semi-structured questionnaire was administered in google forms to the study participants and informed consent was obtained from the participants. The Beliefs About Third Hand (BATHS) Scale was used to determine beliefs about THS. The data was initially entered to Microsoft Excel 2010 and analysed using statistical package of social science (SPSS trial version 20.0).

Results:
Among the 360 participants only 35.6% (128) of participants were aware of third hand smoking and 23.3% (84) of participants were aware about fourth hand smoking. Nearly 222(61.6%) participants had opinion of developing asthma, followed by acute respiratory tract infection and wheeze in children when exposed to third hand smoke. Majority 341(94.7%) and 344 (95.6%) participants out of 360 had opinion that smoking should be banned in home environment and public places respectively.

Conclusion:
The medical students had less awareness about third hand smoke and its effect on human health, hence measures have to be taken to make medical students aware about it. It can be recommended to incorporate third- and fourth-hand smoking as educational messages in the medical curriculum.
IJCM_113A: Prevalence and contributing factors of obesity among school going adolescents living in Guwahati city
Authors: Sarmah Arunima , Ojah Jutika , Hazarika Mehzabin Haider 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Obesity has become a global epidemic. The prevalence of obesity is increasing in developing countries like India in recent years.

Objectives:
1) To estimate the prevalence of obesity among school going adolescents living in Guwahati city. 2) To determine various socio- demographic factors affecting obesity among school going adolescents living in Guwahati city.

Methodology:
Taking the prevalence of obesity from one previous study as 5%, absolute error as 2%, the sample size was calculated to be 475, rounded off to 480. A list of all government and private schools present in Guwahati city were collected from Inspector of Schools, Kamrup (M) district. By simple random sampling, a total of 4 schools (two governments and two privates) were selected. From each chosen school, 120 children from 5th-10th standard were selected and included in the study. Since the number of classes is 6 from 5th-10th standard, 20 children were selected from each class randomly to get the desired sample size of 480. Students were interviewed and examined by pre-designed semi-structured schedule.

Results:
The prevalence of obesity was found to be 3.75%. Obesity was significantly higher among those who were non-vegetarian; those who indulged in unhealthy eating habits, were physically inactive and watched television for a longer duration.

Conclusion:
Prevalence of obesity was more among students having modifiable risk factors. So, timely interventions should be taken to improve awareness about healthy lifestyle behavior to prevent obesity and its complications among adolescents.
IJCM_115A: Assessing control status of diabetes and hypertension in adults in rural Nagpur: A Formative Approach
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Vedavati , Deshmukh Pradeep , Tripathy Jayaprasad 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Formative research is the process by which researchers aim to understand the current behaviours, perceptions and needs of the target population which affects their decisions and actions. There is gap in literature regarding the health system preparedness to tackle the increasing burden of lifestyle diseases, especially in post-COVID era. This study proposes to identify the various barriers and facilitators in optimising control status among those already diagnosed with lifestyle diseases, through formative approach.

Objective:
To describe the various barriers and facilitators important for maintaining optimum control of blood sugar and blood pressure among adults with diabetes and hypertension in rural Nagpur

Methodology:
Rural Nagpur (Populations served by RHTC Bela) Population: 1-Stakeholders including adult consenting diabetic and hypertensive patients. 2-Private and Govt. Medical Practitioner Sampling Technique: Purposive sampling of diabetic and Hypertensive patients was done based on their vocal and willingness to participate in Barrier Analysis. All health care providers from public health facilities (Medical officers and Community health officers from the selected PHC) were considered for in-depth interviews without any sampling. Data collection: Ethnographic analysis including Barrier Analysis through-semi- structured interview, free-listing and Pile sorting using standard techniques. Verbatim recording was followed by coding and analysis. Data Analysis: Analysis was done using Atlas. Ti and Anthropac Software. Smiths Saliency Score was generated wherever appropriate and cognitive map was created.

Results:
From interim analysis, through triangulation of data, some of the themes that emerged were “Frequent Refill”, “Healthcare Worker Reluctanc”, “Unavailability of medications” as the top barriers to maintaining good control status of diabetes and hypertension.

Conclusion:
This study will identify the barriers and facilitators at individual, family and at the health system level in controlling the lifestyle diseases, paving the way for the development of future implementation packages appropriate in the cultural context.