bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unravelling stability‐complexity relationships
Authors: Hastings Alan 
Published: April 2012

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[ The consumer Ceriodaphnia reticulata. This experiment used a very similar species to the one shown here, namely Ceriodaphnia reticulata. This freshwater cladoceran grazer can consume phytoplankton species that have a maximal axial dimension of upto ∼35 μm. As a result, Pediastrum simplex (CPCC 431), Fragilaria crotonensis (CPCC 269), Asterionella formosa (CPCC 605), and Staurastrum pingue (UTEX1606) would have inedible for Ceriodaphnia dubia. Ankistrodesmus falcatus (UTEX 101) may also have been selected against in some instances due to its large size. Neither C. dubia density nor stability were affected by resource species diversity, although resource community composition did matter. ]Narwani, A. & Mazumder, A. (2012) Bottom‐up effects of species diversity on the functioning and stability of food webs. Journal of Animal Ecology, 81, 702–714.Defining the characteristics of persistent species assemblages is a major focus in ecology. A key set of questions is: how to scale up from interactions between two species to multiple species, what is the role of species characteristics in coexistence and what are the ecosystem level consequences of the characteristics of coexistence. Narwani & Mazumder use meticulous experimental work to look at these three questions simultaneously using carefully controlled microcosms. A key finding is that the relationships between stability and diversity as measured by effects on different trophic levels and different aspects of ecosystem function depend critically on the community composition. The particular species involved are more important than the overall diversity.
Disentangling the genetic origins of a plant pathogen during disease spread using an original molecular epidemiology approach
Authors: XHAARD CONSTANCE , BARRÈS BENOÎT , ANDRIEUX AXELLE , BOUSSET LYDIA , HALKETT FABIEN , FREY PASCAL 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe advent of molecular epidemiology has greatly improved our ability to identify the population sources and track the pathogen movement. Yet the wide spatial and temporal scales usually considered are useful only to infer historical migration pathways. In this study, Bayesian genetic assignments and a landscape epidemiology approach were combined to unravel genetic origin and annual spread during a single epidemic of a plant pathogen: the poplar rust fungus Melampsora larici‐populina. The study focused on a particular area—the Durance River valley—which enabled inoculum sources to be identified and channelled spread of the epidemic along a one‐dimensional corridor. Spatio‐temporal monitoring of disease showed that the epidemic began in the upstream part of the valley and spread out downstream. Using genetic assignment tests, individuals collected at the end of the epidemic were sorted into two genetic groups; very few hybrids were detected, although individuals from both groups coexisted locally downstream in the valley. The epidemic originated from two genetically distinct inoculum sources. Individuals of each group then dispersed southwards along the Durance River and became mixed in poplar riparian stands. These two genetic groups were found previously at a wider spatial scale and proved to result from distinct evolutionary histories on either wild or cultivated poplars. This study showed that the two groups can mix during an epidemic but do not hybridize because they then reproduce asexually. In general, the methods employed here could be useful for elucidating the genetic origin and retracing the colonization history and migration pathways of recent epidemics.
Simple models for stomatal conductance derived from a process model: cross‐validation against sap flux data
Authors: BUCKLEY THOMAS N. , TURNBULL TARRYN L. , ADAMS MARK A. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTRepresentation of stomatal physiology in models of plant‐atmosphere gas exchange is minimal, and direct application of process‐based models is limited by difficulty of parameter estimation. We derived simple models of stomatal conductance from a recent process‐based model, and cross‐validated them against measurements of sap flux (176–365 d in length) in 36 individual trees of two age classes for two Eucalyptus species across seven sites in the mountains of southeastern Australia. The derived models – which are driven by irradiance and evaporative demand and have two to four parameters that represent sums and products of biophysical parameters in the process model – reproduced a median 83–89% of observed variance in half‐hourly and diurnally averaged sap flux, and performed similarly whether fitted using a random sample of all data or using 1 month of data from spring or autumn. Our simple models are an advance in predicting plant water use because their parameters are transparently related to reduced processes and properties, enabling easy accommodation of improved knowledge about how those parameters respond to environmental change and differ among species.
Component‐resolved in vitro diagnosis of carrot allergy in three different regions of Europe
Authors: Ballmer‐Weber B. K. , Skamstrup Hansen K. , Sastre J. , Andersson K. , Bätscher I. , Östling J. , Dahl L. , Hanschmann K.‐M. , Holzhauser T. , Poulsen L. K. , Lidholm J. , Vieths S. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackgroundCarrot is a frequent cause of food allergy in Europe. The objective of this study was to evaluate a panel of carrot allergens for diagnosis of carrot allergy in Spain, Switzerland and Denmark.MethodsForty‐nine carrot allergic patients, 71 pollen allergic but carrot‐tolerant patients and 63 nonatopic controls were included. Serum IgE to carrot extract, recombinant carrot allergens (rDau c 1.0104; rDau c 1.0201; rDau c 4; the isoflavone reductase‐like proteins rDau c IFR 1, rDau c IFR 2; the carrot cyclophilin rDau c Cyc) were analyzed by ImmunoCAP.ResultsThe sensitivity of the carrot extract‐based test was 82%. Use of the recombinant allergens increased the sensitivity to 90%. The Dau c 1 isoforms were major allergens for Swiss and Danish carrot allergic patients, the profilin rDau c 4 for the Spanish patients. The rDau c IFR 1 and rDau c IFR 2 were recognized by 6% and 20% of the carrot allergics, but did not contribute to a further increase of sensitivity. Among pollen allergic controls, 34% had IgE to carrot extract, 18% to each of rDau c 1.0104, rDau c 1.0201 and rDau c 4, 8% to rDau c IFR 1 and 7% to rDau c IFR 2. Sensitization to rDau c Cyc occurred in one carrot allergic patient and one nonatopic control.ConclusionComponent‐resolved in vitro analyses revealed a significant difference in IgE sensitization pattern between geographical regions and in the prevalence of sensitization to carrot components between carrot allergic and carrot‐tolerant but pollen sensitized patients.
Transillumination‐assisted orotracheal intubation: a comparison of the Bonfils fibrescope and the lightwand (Trachlight)
Authors: SUI J.‐H. , MAO P. , LIU J.‐H. , TONG S.‐Y. , WEI L.‐X. , YANG D. , DENG X.‐M. 
Published: April 2012

BackgroundBecause the Bonfils fibrescope has a semi‐rigid optical stylet and is similar in shape to a lightwand, we aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of transillumination‐assisted orotracheal intubation with the Bonfils fibrescope and the TrachlightTM lightwand in patients with normal airways.MethodsAs a preliminary investigation to form a basis for later studies, therefore, we performed a randomized, single‐blind study of 300 patients with normal airways to compare the efficiency of Trachlight and transillumination‐assisted Bonfils orotracheal intubation in these patients. In both groups, orotracheal intubation was performed using a transillumination technique. The first attempt and overall success rates of tracheal intubation, the times required, and any untoward effects were recorded.ResultsAlthough the overall success rates were similar for Bonfils and Trachlight intubations (97.3% and 98.7%, respectively), tracheal intubation was successful on the first attempt in 87.3% of patients with the Bonfils fibrescope compared with 95.3% of patients with the Trachlight (P < 0.05). The mean intubation time for the first attempt was 15 ± 5 s with the Bonfils fibrescope and 9 ± 2 s with the Trachlight (P < 0.001). Patients intubated using the Bonfils fibrescope also experienced significantly more sore throat and hoarseness than those intubated using the Trachlight.ConclusionsFor patients with normal airways, the Trachlight is superior for orotracheal intubation with respect to reliability, rapidity, and safety compared with the Bonfils fibrescope used with the transillumination technique.
Epidemiology ofAspergilluskeratitis at a tertiary care eye hospital in South India and antifungal susceptibilities of the causative agents
Authors: Manikandan Palanisamy , Varga János , Kocsubé Sándor , Anita Raghavan , Revathi Rajaraman , Németh Tibor Mihály , Narendran Venkatapathy , Vágvölgyi Csaba , Panneer Selvam Kanesan , Shobana Coimbatore Subramanian , Babu Singh Yendremban Randhir , Kredics László 
Published: April 2012

SummaryIn recent years,Aspergillusspecies are reported frequently as aetiological agents of fungal keratitis in tropical countries such as India. Our aim was to evaluate the epidemiological features ofAspergilluskeratitis cases over a 3‐year period in a tertiary eye care hospital and to determine the antifungal susceptibilities of the causative agents. This study included culture provenAspergilluskeratitis cases diagnosed between September 2005 and August 2008. Data including prevalence, predisposing factors and demography were recorded, the isolates were identified by morphological and molecular methods and the minimum inhibitory concentration values of antifungal agents towards the isolates were determined by the microdilution method. Two hundredAspergillusisolates were identified among 1737 culture proven cases. Most of the aspergilli (75%) proved to beA. flavus, followed byA. fumigatus(11.5%). Sixteen (8%) isolates belonged to species that are recently identified causative agents of mycotic keratitis. Most of the infected patients (88%) were adults ranging from 21 to 70 years of age. Co‐existing ocular disease was confirmed in 16.5% of the patients. Econazole, clotrimazole and ketoconazole were notably active againstA. flavus.Aspergilluskeratitis is a significant problem in patients with ocular lesions in South‐Indian States, warranting early diagnosis and initiation of specific antifungal therapy to improve outcome.
Detection of the linalool‐producing NES1 variant across diverse strawberry (Fragaria spp.) accessions
Authors: Chambers Alan , Whitaker Vance M. , Gibbs Brian , Plotto Anne , Folta Kevin M. 
Published: April 2012

With 4 figures and 3 tablesAbstractMany volatile compounds have been shown to influence the flavour of strawberry (Fragaria spp.) fruit. A published study demonstrated that linalool, a critical flavour compound, is produced in cultivated F. × ananassa varieties owing to a truncated form of the NEROLIDOL SYNTHASE (NES) enzyme. The corresponding allele (FaNES1) features a 5′‐deletion that is detectable by PCR. Herein, we tested a broad set of strawberry genotypes to understand the origin of the allele and to identify materials that may be preferred candidates for molecular breeding. The results indicate that the FaNES1 allele (linalool+) is not present in any diploid, tetraploid or hexaploid accession tested. It is present in 112 F. × ananassa cultivars examined. The FaNES1 allele is present in all but three of 46 wild F. virginiana and F. chiloensis genotypes. Two of these three lines continue to produce linalool despite the absence of the allele. This survey suggests that the FaNES1 allele possibly arose following octoploidization and that linalool possibly is an important factor in strawberry biology, aside from its role in anthrocentric fruit quality attributes.
Combining ability, genetic diversity and heterosis in relation to F1 performance of tropically adapted shrunken (sh2) sweet corn lines
Authors: Solomon Kebede F. , Zeppa Aldo , Mulugeta Sendros D. 
Published: April 2012

With 6 tablesAbstractThe objectives of this study were to evaluate the importance of heterosis for agronomic and quality traits in shrunken (sh2) sweet corn, assess the usefulness of combining ability to predict the value of parents and their crosses for further genetic improvement and examine whether genetic divergence can predict heterosis or F1 performance. Ten genetically diverse shrunken (sh2) sweet corn inbred lines were used to generate 45 F1s. F1s and parents were evaluated for agronomic and quality traits across environments. Heterosis was more important for yield‐related traits than it was for ear aspects and eating quality. Heterosis for most traits was mostly dependent on dominance genetic effects of parental lines. Parents and F1per se performance were highly correlated with general combining ability effects and mid‐parent values, respectively, for most traits. Hybrid performance for flavour and plant height was significantly but weakly related to simple sequence repeat (SSR)‐based genetic distance (GD). Phenotypic distance (PD), estimated from phenotypic traits was correlated with heterosis for total soluble solids, ear length and flavour.
Is it proper to use non‐magnified narrow‐band imaging for esophageal neoplasia screening? Japanese single‐center, prospective study
Authors: Yokoyama Akira , Ichimasa Katsuro , Ishiguro Tomonari , Mori Yuichi , Ikeda Haruo , Hayashi Takemasa , Minami Hitomi , Hayashi Seiko , Watanabe Gen , Inoue Haruhiro , Kudo Shin‐ei 
Published: April 2012

Aim:  Most screening examinations in Japanese general hospitals are carried out by high‐definition television‐incompatible (non‐HD) scopes and non‐magnifying endoscopes. We evaluated the narrow‐band imaging (NBI) real‐time diagnostic yield of esophageal neoplasia in high‐risk patients at a general hospital.Methods:  In a single‐center, prospective, non‐randomized controlled trial, 117 consecutive screening patients with high risk for esophageal cancer received primary white‐light imaging (WLI) followed by NBI and iodine‐staining endoscopy (59 by HDTV‐compatible [HD] endoscopy and 58 by non‐HD endoscopy). The primary aim was to evaluate the diagnostic yield of non‐magnified images in diagnosing esophageal neoplasia. The secondary aim was to compare HD endoscopy and non‐HD endoscopy in terms of diagnostic performance.Results:  Overall, the sensitivity of NBI for screening of esophageal neoplasia was superior to WLI, and equivalent to iodine staining (92% vs 42%; P < 0.05, 92% vs 100%; ns). The specificity of NBI was equivalent to WLI (89% vs 94%; ns). In HD, NBI sensitivity was equivalent to both iodine staining and WLI (100% vs 75%; ns). In non‐HD, NBI sensitivity was equivalent to iodine staining, but WLI sensitivity was significantly inferior to NBI (88% vs 100%; ns, 25% vs 88%; P < 0.05). The NBI specificity was equivalent to WLI not only in HD but also in non‐HD (90% vs 96%; ns, 88% vs 93%; ns).Conclusion:  In both HD and non‐HD endoscopy, NBI is less likely than WLI to miss a lesion. Even with non‐HD endoscopy, NBI is suitable for esophageal standard examinations in general hospitals.
Ductal ligation in the very low‐birth weight infant: simple anesthesia or extreme art?
Authors: Wolf Andrew R. 
Published: April 2012

SummaryManagement of the very low‐birth weight infant in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is geared to provide optimal outcome not only in term of survival but increasingly with a goal of limitation of long‐term neurological and pulmonary morbidities. Careful follow‐up studies have demonstrated that relatively small variations in oxygenation and gas exchange, ventilator management, and other management modalities can have long‐term consequences. Within this context, there are good data that closure of a clinically significant patent ductus arteriosus has outcome benefit, but little data on the idealized anesthetic to manage such fragile patients. Does the anesthetic management matter? Given the attention to detail within the NICU, it would seem prudent to try to choose techniques that limit changes in hemodynamics, gas exchange, and ventilation within the context of the surgery. Anesthesia for ductal ligation in the very low‐birth weight infant may need to be judged by more than simple survival and brings into question the current techniques and monitoring used.
The Necessities of Perfect Freedom
Authors: Couenhoven Jesse 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis article is a reflection on Augustine's suggestion that Christians have significant theological reasons to accept that freedom need not be correlated with having choices. Following his lead, I explore questions about freedom and agency raised by the perfect freedom of the saints in heaven, Jesus' sinless earthly life and the freedom with which the triune God is eternally blessed. My thesis is that those who worship the triune God and praise the sinless perfection of Christ and the heavenly saints have reason to accept a ‘normative’ conception of freedom, according to which certain kinds of necessity are not merely compatible with perfect freedom but intrinsic to it.
Developing the pregnancy support pack for people who have a learning disability
Authors: Porter Eleanor , Kidd Gillian , Murray Nicola , Uytman Clare , Spink Allison , Anderson Bethany 
Published: April 2012

Accessible summary
There is little information about pregnancy for people with learning disabilities. This means it is hard to make good choices.
The pregnancy support pack has easy to read information about pregnancy and birth.
Women with a learning disability told us the pack helped them to understand information their midwife gave them.
Midwives told us the pack helped them to work better with women with a learning disability.
SummaryThe literature agrees that an increasing number of people who have a learning disability have children. This group of parents are expected to fit into existing health services and are disadvantaged when presented with complex information regarding pregnancy and birth. There is a dearth of information in relation to accessible information on antenatal care and consent to medical procedures for parents with learning disabilities, despite this being a recommendation by best practice guidelines on working with parents who have a learning disability (SCLD, 2009; Department of Health and the Department of Education and Skills (DoH DfES) 2007; Department of Health 2009). This project aims to redress this balance by developing accessible resources for a typical pregnancy. Thematic analysis is used to evaluate the accessibility and acceptability of the resources from a professional and service user perspective, and identified themes are discussed. Results suggest that adapted resources are helpful in supporting parents with learning disabilities to access essential information about their pregnancy and to make informed decisions about their care. They support the interaction between parents and maternity services, resulting in a more effective and efficient care process. Implications for further research and developments are discussed.
Rainfall‐related population growth and adult sex ratio change in theCriticallyEndangeredRaso lark (Alauda razae)
Authors: Brooke M. de L. , Flower T. P. , Campbell E. M. , Mainwaring M. C. , Davies S. , Welbergen J. A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractActive conservation has often been successful in reversing or arresting population declines of endangered species. However, examples ofCriticallyEndangered species recovering in the absence of human intervention are extremely rare. We censused theRaso lark, a single‐island endemic of theCapeVerdes archipelago, annually from 2001 to 2010. Between 2004 and 2010, the world population grew from 65 to 470 individuals. This remarkable increase occurred without conservation intervention, but correlated strongly and positively with rainfall. Because of this population increase, the mean age of birds reduced and the population shifted from male skew, a consequence of higher male survival, towards one where the sexes were more equally represented. This study illustrates the dramatic effect that natural changes in climatic conditions may have on the recovery of endangered species. However, the current favourable situation may not persist, and we suggest a translocation to anotherCapeVerdean island be urgently considered. We conclude that temporal trends in the population dynamics of endangered populations need to be considered when planning and implementing species recovery plans.
Universality of categorical perception deficit in developmental dyslexia: an investigation of Mandarin Chinese tones
Authors: Zhang Yajing , Zhang Linjun , Shu Hua , Xi Jie , Wu Han , Zhang Yang , Li Ping 
Published: April 2012

Background:  While previous studies have shown that children affected by dyslexia exhibit a deficit in categorical perception of segmental features in alphabetic languages, it remains unclear whether the categorical perception deficit generalizes to nonalphabetic languages at the suprasegmental level. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of categorical perception deficit in Mandarin lexical tones in Chinese children with dyslexia.Methods:  Both behavioral and electrophysiological measures were taken to compare Chinese dyslexic children with age‐matched controls. Auditory event‐related potentials were collected with a passive listening oddball paradigm.Results:  Behavioral data showed that dyslexic children perceived lexical tone contrasts less categorically and less precisely than age‐matched controls. Consistent with the behavioral data, the across‐category tone contrast elicited larger mismatch negativity than the within‐category distinction in the left hemisphere for the age‐matched controls but not for the dyslexic children.Conclusion:  The behavioral and electrophysiological results demonstrate impaired categorical perception of lexical tones in Chinese children with dyslexia. Our findings support the hypothesis that children affected by dyslexia have a general deficit in categorical perception of speech, which generalizes to nonalphabetic languages at the suprasegmental level.
Selection and inertia in the evolution of holocentric chromosomes in sedges (Carex, Cyperaceae)
Authors: Escudero Marcial , Hipp Andrew L. , Hansen Thomas F. , Voje Kjetil L. , Luceño Modesto 
Published: April 2012

Summary
Changes in chromosome number as a result of fission and fusion in holocentrics have direct and immediate effects on the recombination rate. We investigate the support for the classic hypothesis that environmental stability selects for increased recombination rates.
We employed a phylogenetic and cytogenetic data set from one of the most diverse angiosperm genera in the world, which has the largest nonpolyploid chromosome radiation (Carex, Cyperaceae; 2n = 12–124; 2100 spp.). We evaluated alternative Ornstein–Uhlenbeck models of chromosome number adaptation to the environment in an information‐theoretic framework.
We found moderate support for a positive influence of lateral inflorescence unit size on chromosome number, which may be selected in a stable environment in which resources for reproductive investment are larger. We found weak support for a positive influence on chromosome number of water‐saturated soils and among‐month temperature constancy, which would be expected to be negatively select for pioneering species. Chromosome number showed a strong phylogenetic signal.
We argue that our finding of small but significant effects of life history and ecology is compatible with our original hypothesis regarding selection of optima in recombination rates: low recombination rate is optimal when inmediate fitness is required. By contrast, high recombination rate is optimal when stable environments allow for evolutionary innovation.