bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation between isokinetic profile and knee injuries in male volleyball athletes
Authors: Mendonça L D , Bittencourt N F N , Barreto R A , Paiva T F , Porto R F , Silva A A , Fonseca S T 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundKnee injuries are prevalent in elite volleyball and their preventive management is still discussed. Isokinetic assessment is largely use in sports injury prevention; however few studies investigate the differences in the isokinetic profile of injured knees. These studies analyses the agonist/antagonist ratio and do not consider other parameters as fatigue index.Objectiveto investigate the differences between injured and non injured knee in the hamstring/quadriceps ratio and fatigue index in volleyball male athletes.Settingall testing took place in the Sports Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation Laboratory- LAPREV in elite volleyball.Participants49 male (mean+SD age, 21.96+4.1; height, 196.5+0.06; body mass, 89.1+9.03) athletes were evaluated in this study, being 20 at injured group. Participants with lower-extremity surgery in the previous 6 months and pain during the isokinetic test were excluded.Assessment of risk factor: hamstring/quadriceps ratio at 60°/s and 300°/s and fatigue at 300°/s at the dominant knee with 90° of hip flexion.Main outcome measurementstrauma and overuse knee injuries provided by questionnaire.ResultsDifferences between groups were found just in hamstring fatigue (p=0.002). The means of this parameter were 63.1 and 55.6 for injured and non-injured group respectively. For quadriceps fatigue the means were 48.4 and 47.3 respectively. No differences were found in the ratio analysis between groups (p=0.403 for 60°/s and p=0.289 for 360°/s). The means were 199.4 and 203.5 for injured and non-injured groups at 60°/s and 157.4 and 168.6 respectively at 300°/s.ConclusionThe results showed that the injured group has more hamstring fatigue compared to non-injured group. The ratio analysis does not reveal differences between groups. The fatigue analysis must be incorporated in the athlete's assessment, because seems to be more informative about injury risk.
PARALLEL π-VECTOR FIELDS AND ENERGY β-CHANGE
Authors: SOLEIMAN A. 
Published: March 2011

The present paper deals with an intrinsic investigation of the notion of a parallel π-vector field on the pullback bundle of a Finsler manifold (M, L). The effect of the existence of a parallel π-vector field on some important special Finsler spaces is studied. An intrinsic investigation of a particular β-change, namely the energy β-change ([Formula: see text]with[Formula: see text] being a parallel π-vector field), is established. The relation between the two Barthel connections Γ and [Formula: see text], corresponding to this change, is found. This relation, together with the fact that the Cartan and the Barthel connections have the same horizontal and vertical projectors, enable us to study the energy β-change of the fundamental linear connection in Finsler geometry: The Cartan connection, the Berwald connection, the Chern connection and the Hashiguchi connection. Moreover, the change of their curvature tensors is concluded. It should be pointed out that the present work is formulated in a prospective modern coordinate-free form.
Existence of Solutions for a Nonlinear Elliptic Equation with General Flux Term
Authors: Pak HeeChul 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe prove the existence of solutions for an elliptic partial differential equation having more general flux term than either "Equation missing"-Laplacian or flux term of the Leray-Lions type conditions: "Equation missing". Brouwer's fixed point theorem is one of the fundamental tools of the proof.
Bcl-2 Inhibits Nuclear Homologous Recombination by Localizing BRCA1 to the Endomembranes
Authors: Laulier Corentin , Barascu Aurélia , Guirouilh-Barbat Josée , Pennarun Gaëlle , Le Chalony Catherine , Chevalier François , Palierne Gaëlle , Bertrand Pascale , Verbavatz Jean Marc , Lopez Bernard S. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Genetic stability requires coordination of a network of pathways including DNA repair/recombination and apoptosis. In addition to its canonical anti-apoptotic role, Bcl-2 negatively impacts genome stability. In this study, we identified the breast cancer tumor suppressor BRCA1, which plays an essential role in homologous recombination (HR), as a target for Bcl-2 in the repression of HR. Indeed, ionizing radiation–induced BRCA1 foci assembly was repressed when Bcl-2 was expressed ectopically, in human SV40 fibroblasts, or spontaneously, in lymphoma t(14:18) cells and in HeLa and H460 cancer cell lines. Moreover, we showed that the transmembrane (TM) domain of Bcl-2 was required for both inhibition of BRCA1 foci assembly and the inhibition of HR induced by a double-strand break targeted into an intrachromosomal HR substrate by the meganuclease I-SceI. Fluorescence confocal microscopy, proximity ligation assay, and electron microscopy analyses as well as Western blot analysis of subcellular fractions showed that Bcl-2 and BRCA1 colocalized to mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum in a process requiring the TM domain of Bcl-2. Targeting BRCA1 to the endomembranes depletes BRCA1 from the nucleus and, thus, accounts for the inhibition of HR. Furthermore, our findings support an apoptosis-stimulatory role for the cytosolic form of BRCA1, suggesting a new tumor suppressor function of BRCA1. Together, our results reveal a new mode of BRCA1 regulation and for HR in the maintenance of genome stability. Cancer Res; 71(10); 3590–602. ©2011 AACR.
From Gutenberg to the Internet: How Digitisation Transforms Culture and Knowledge
Authors: Kalantzis Mary , Cope Bill 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we explore the changes wrought by digitisation upon the domains of culture and knowledge. Half a century into the process of the digitisation of text, we argue that only now are we on the cusp of a series of paradigm shifts in the processes of writing, and concomitantly, our modes of cultural expression and our social processes of knowing. We describe the transition underway in the fundamental mechanics of rendering, the new navigational order which is associated with this transition, the demise of isolated written text that accompanies the rise of multimodality, the ubiquity of recording and documentation, a shift in the balance of representation agency, and its correlate in the emergence of a new dynamics of difference. The shape of these hugely significant changes is just beginning to become clear in the new, internet-mediated social media. The potential of the new textual regime is to transform our very means of production of meaning. However, when we come to examine the domain of formal knowledge production, historically pivoting on the peer reviewed journal and published monograph, there are as yet few signs of change. This paper points in a tentative way to potentials for knowledge-making which are as yet unrealised: new semantic markup processes which will improve knowledge discovery, data mining and machine translation; a new navigational order in which knowledge is not simply presented in a linear textual exegesis; the multimodal representation of knowledge in which knowledge evaluators and validators gain a broader, deeper and less mediated view of the knowledge they are assessing; navigable databanks in which reviewers and readers alike can make what they will of data and interactions recorded incidental to knowledge making; co-construction of knowledge through recursive dialogue between knowledge creators and knowledge users, to the extent of eliding that distinction; and a polylingual, polysemic knowledge world in which source natural language is arbitrary and narrowly specialised discourses and bodies of knowledge can be valued by their intellectual quality instead of the quantitative mass of their readership and citation.
Digitization and Publishing in Australia: A Recent Snapshot
Authors: Martin Bill , Tian Xuemei 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn a government-funded research project into the implications of digitization for book publishing in Australia, the researchers tested for the presence of global issues and trends. With a focus specifically upon book publishing to the exclusion of newspaper and journal publishing these included: revenue trends; competition; outsourcing; potential benefits of digital publishing; critical success factors for digital publishing; supply chain issues; value chain issues, business models and expectations for the future. An online survey and follow-up interviews found that technologies such the Internet and the World Wide Web, along with those for production and rights management were playing a significant role in book publishing. However, the major focus among book publishers was on business and organizational issues. There was widespread realization of the need to respond to competition from inside and outside the industry, including competition for the leisure time of users, with direct implications for value chains and business models. Key organizational changes identified included changes in structures and strategies, in human resource practices, and in cultures. The main benefits anticipated from digital technologies were in the areas of new niche markets, repackaging and repurposing of existing content, consumer-generated content and the enhancement of value chains. It is therefore, imprudent to only consider the impact of emerging technology as the fundamental in the ongoing development of digitization in book publishing, as other considerations such as demographics, social and economic factors are also essential ingredients.
Theorising Rights-based Restorative Justice: The Canadian Context
Authors: Mitchell Richard , Moore Shannon 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis paper investigates theoretical and practice intersections in Canada between the principles and provisions of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, and the UN's Basic Principles on the Use of Restorative Justice in Criminal Justice Matters. We undertook this exploratory study from a transdisciplinary standpoint and utilised grounded theory methodological and analytical procedures throughout; data include legal and policy documentary analyses along with eight key informant interviews. Findings indicate that CRC implementation has been impeded by myopic disciplinary approaches that have dissolved its constituent principles by isolating them from its provisions. Young people's human rights are languishing within Canadian juvenile justice contexts, and thus, historical efforts to build an ecosystem of rights-respecting communities in that nation are being compromised. The paper concludes with a reiteration of a CRC implementation model which articulates the balance amongst participation, protection and power relations.
From Rapists to Superpredators: what the practice of capital punishment says about race, rights and the American child
Authors: Linde Robyn 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAt the turn of the 20th century, the United States was widely considered to be a world leader in matters of child protection and welfare, a reputation lost by the century's end. This paper suggests that the United States' loss of international esteem concerning child welfare was directly related to its practice of executing juvenile off enders. The paper analyzes why the United States continued to carry out the juvenile death penalty after the establishment of juvenile courts and other protections for child criminals. Two factors allowed the United States to continue the juvenile death penalty after most states in the international system had ended the practice: the politics of American federalism and a system of racial subordination that excluded some juvenile off enders from the umbrella of child protection measures, a conclusion suggesting that racial prejudice has interfered with U.S. compliance with international norms of child welfare and juvenile justice.
Armed Attack against the Military Force of an International Organization and Use of Force in Self-Defence by a Troop-Contributing State: A Tentative Legal Assessment of an Unlikely Scenario
Authors: Palchetti Paolo 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIf the military force of an international organization is made the object of a military attack by a State, that international organization may be regarded as being entitled to use force in self-defence. However, since the forces of international organizations are generally composed of national contingents which States put at the disposal of the international organizations, the question may be raised as to whether, in case of an armed attack against such forces, the sending State would also be entitled to use force in self-defence to protect its national contingent. This question, which was addressed, albeit in a very cursory manner, in the 2009 Report of the EU Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on the Conflict in Georgia, has to be answered taking into account the status of national contingents as organs of the sending States. By attaching relevance to the contingent's dual status and to the rationale underlying the rule on self-defence, this study argues that whenever the national contingent is made the object of an armed attack the possibility for the sending State to invoke self-defence cannot be excluded. In particular, the invocability of self-defence by the sending State should be admitted in those cases in which the armed attack is clearly aimed at targeting that State.
A Misunderstood Calvinist: The Religious Choices of Bastiaen Jansz Krol, New Netherland's First Church Servant
Authors: Frijhoff Willem 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn the history of New Netherland the comforter of the sick Bastiaen Jansz Krol (1595-1674) is known as the first servant of the Reformed Church, before the establishment of a formal congregation with an ordained minister. Until recently, his reputation as such was quite mediocre, and the quality of his faith was questioned by the historians of the Reformed Church. In this article, the author revises this negative image thoroughly. Completing the biographical data he interprets them in the context of the early ambitions of the WIC. Arguing, moreover, that Krol was born in a Mennonite family and converted to Calvinism after his first marriage, he presents (with a full translation) the pamphlet which shows his new commitment to orthodox Calvinism. Krol's pamphlet was published previously to his appointment as comforter of the sick and may have motivated his choice by the Amsterdam consistory.
Revisiting the differentiation paradigm in acute promyelocytic leukemia
Authors: Ablain Julien , de The Hugues 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
As the result of intense clinical and basic research, acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) has progressively evolved from a deadly to a curable disease. Historically, efforts aimed at understanding the molecular bases for therapy response have repeatedly illuminated APL pathogenesis. The classic model attributes this therapeutic success to the transcriptional reactivation elicited by retinoic acid and the resulting overcoming of the differentiation block characteristic of APL blasts. However, in clinical practice, retinoic acid by itself only rarely yields prolonged remissions, even though it induces massive differentiation. In contrast, as a single agent, arsenic trioxide neither directly activates transcription nor triggers terminal differentiation ex vivo, but cures many patients. Here we review the evidence from recent ex vivo and in vivo studies that allow a reassessment of the role of differentiation in APL cure. We discuss alternative models in which PML-RARA degradation and the subsequent loss of APL cell self-renewal play central roles. Rather than therapy aimed at inducing differentiation, targeting cancer cell self-renewal may represent a more effective goal, achievable by a broader range of therapeutic agents.
Circadian rhythms and cognition in schizophrenia
Authors: Wulff Katharina , Joyce Eileen 
Published: March 2011

SummaryCognitive impairment is a core feature of schizophrenia. Evidence in this Journal suggests that disrupted circadian synchronisation of sleep–wake phases may be one cause. Circadian synchronisation depends on the external input of light–dark cues and the integrity of central nervous system circadian oscillators; these may represent new interventional targets to improve cognition.
New Viceroyalty, New Nation, New Empire: A Transnational Imaginary for Peruvian Independence
Authors: Cahill David 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
The independence process in Spanish America was accompanied by new imaginaries concerning the new political entities that would emerge from the breakdown of the old colonial jurisdictions. This essay explores an imaginary for Peruvian independence, Bolivarian in scope, which lay at the center of the Revolution of 1814–15 in the southern Andes. This “revolution of the patria” started in Cuzco in 1814 but soon captured Arequipa, Huamanga, and much of Charcas, until its military defeat by royalist forces in 1815. It not only proposed full independence from viceregal control but also aimed at completely severing American ties to the Spanish monarchy. Francisco Carrascón, a peninsular prebendary resident in Cuzco who became the movement’s leading ideologue, had in 1801 unsuccessfully proposed the creation of a new viceroyalty to the Council of the Indies. In 1814, however, he advocated the creation of a new and independent Peruvian empire stretching from Lima to the River Plate, from “Sun to Sun.” The cities of Buenos Aires, Lima, Montevideo, and Cuzco were equally to be the principal imperial cities, but Cuzco, because of its antiquity and central location, would be the seat of government or “national peak.” While there is a significant historiography on the Revolution of 1814–15, it has been largely overlooked in several key Latin American independence syntheses. This essay therefore also seeks to restore the movement to the center of wider historiographic debates on Latin American independence.
Transatlantic Networks and Merchant Guild Rivalry in Colonial Trade with Peru, 1729 – 1780: A New Interpretation
Authors: Lamikiz Xabier 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
This article takes a fresh look at merchant networks that linked Spain and colonial Peru in the central decades of the eighteenth century. Spain’s trade with its American colonies has been studied primarily in the light of mercantilistic policies design to revive the exchanges. Much attention has been paid to the fierce rivalry between the merchant guilds of both sides of the Atlantic (those of Cádiz, Mexico City, and Lima), and their efforts to exert control over the trade, suggesting that transoceanic networks had a minor impact. In contrast, this article stresses the role of collaboration and mutual understanding between American and Iberian merchants. The adoption of a direct route linking Cádiz and Lima via Cape Horn in the 1740s, and the subsequent rise of a new, more competitive pattern of trade compelled merchants to build up sustained transatlantic networks that required a high level of personal trust. By using a previously unstudied cache of confiscated letters, this article shows that transatlantic travel, friendship, common regional and ethnic origin, and the increasing flow of information played a far more important part in the articulation of Spanish colonial trade than any merchant guild rivalry. These networks helped bring both sides of the Atlantic closer than they had ever been.
An Audit of the Use of Intra-Septal Local Anaesthesia in a Dental Practice in the South of England
Authors: Doman Stephen M 
Published: March 2011

Aim The aim of this audit was to evaluate the efficacy, when used by the author, of the intra-septal local anaesthetic technique for cavity preparation in mandibular molar and premolar teeth. Methods One hundred and thirteen consecutive patients who required local anaesthesia (LA) for cavity preparation in lower molar and premolar teeth in a general dental practice took part in the audit sample. Articaine 4%, with1:100,000 adrenaline (epinephrine), was administered using the intra-septal technique. Visual analogue scales (VAS) were used to record pain experienced on injection and the quality of anaesthesia obtained. Any side-effects reported were recorded. The standards set were that at least 70% should find the administration of the LA pain-free and that at least 80% should experience no pain during cavity preparation. Results Sixty-nine (62%) patients reported the injection technique to be completely pain-free and a further 23 (20%) reported very minor pain on injection. Eighty (71%) patients reported pain-free treatment and 18 (16%) experienced very minor pain during treatment. No side-effects were reported. Patients aged under 40 years and those who had cavities prepared in first premolar teeth appeared more likely to experience pain during cavity preparation. Conclusion The intra-septal injection technique requires no specialist equipment, is easily administered, rapid in onset and provides a level of anaesthesia equivalent to that produced by an inferior dental nerve block and with fewer side-effects. The injection is relatively painless to administer.
Genetic and environmental variation in heartwood colour of Australian blackwood (Acacia melanoxylon R.Br.)
Authors: Bradbury Gordon , Potts Brad M. , Beadle Chris L. , Dutkowski Greg , Hamilton Matthew 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Australian blackwood (Acacia melanoxylon R.Br.) is a high-quality appearance-grade timber species native to eastern Australia. It is characterised by dark-coloured heartwood, with colour varying from pale straw to red-brown and walnut brown, and pale cream-coloured sapwood. This wide range in heartwood colour is expressed as between- and within-tree variation, and is regarded as a problem in markets where colour consistency is important. To understand the genetic and environmental control of heartwood colour, multiple colour measurements were taken from stem cores from 16 open-pollinated family collections of blackwood planted across three 19-year-old progeny trials. Data was analysed with a mixed model with within-tree variation modelled using a three-node cubic spline. Significant genetic, environmental and genetic-by-environment interactions were detected, not only in the variation in between-tree mean heartwood colour but also in the pattern of within-tree heartwood colour variation. In general, heartwood colour became darker, less yellow and more red towards the sapwood/heartwood boundary. To control the between- and within-tree heartwood colour variation in blackwood plantations, care is needed to not only select genotypes with the desired wood colour and colour variation but also site characteristics that allow expression of that colour.
Comparison of RAPD, ISSR and SSR markers in assessing genetic diversity among rye (Secale cereale L.) inbred lines
Authors: Myśków Beata , Milczarski Paweł , Masojć Piotr 
Published: March 2011

Comparison of RAPD, ISSR and SSR markers in assessing genetic diversity among rye (Secale cereale L.) inbred lines
Forty eight inbred lines of winter rye, of various origin and pedigree, were analysed using 19 RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) primers, 8 ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeats) primers and 13 SSR (simple sequence repeats) primer pairs. On the basis of particular marker types, there were created three separate dendrograms and one combined similarity tree, prepared on account of the whole data. Correlation coefficients for individual technique based on genetic similarity matrices were not significant. By comparing the GS data obtained on the basis of singular methods with collective matrix, it was observed that the highest correlation rate was for ISSR method (r=0.68). The utility of each marker technique was compared by using marker index MI. Diversity detecting index (DDT) was suggested in the paper, which may prove helpful in planning and comparing researches on phenetic relationships.