bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acquisition de la morphographie flexionnelle du français: Retard de jeunes adultes en formation professionnelle
Authors: MOUT TIPHAINE , BRISSAUD CATHERINE 
Published: December 2011

RÉSUMÉCet article présente une analyse comparative des compétences orthographiques de jeunes adultes français en formation professionnelle, âgés de 15 à 18 ans et présentant de grandes difficultés en orthographes, et d'élèves français tout-venant âgés de 8 à 15 ans. Ces élèves ont été testés sur un des points orthographiques du français les plus difficiles à maitriser: les finales verbales homophones en /E/. L'objectif de cette recherche est de savoir si les jeunes adultes en difficulté orthographique se situent sur des chemins d'apprentissage identiques aux élèves tout-venant, mais avec un retard; ou bien s'ils construisent des procédures différentes de celles des apprentis scripteurs.
Ionospheric scintillation over Antarctica during the storm of 5–6 April 2010
Authors: Kinrade J. , Mitchell C. N. , Yin P. , Smith N. , Jarvis M. J. , Maxfield D. J. , Rose M. C. , Bust G. S. , Weatherwax A. T. 
Published: December 2011

On 5 April 2010 a coronal mass ejection produced a traveling solar wind shock front that impacted the Earth's magnetosphere, producing the largest geomagnetic storm of 2010. The storm resulted in a prolonged period of phase scintillation on Global Positioning System signals in Antarctica. The scintillation began in the deep polar cap at South Pole just over 40 min after the shock front impact was recorded by a satellite at the first Lagrangian orbit position. Scintillation activity continued there for many hours. On the second day, significant phase scintillation was observed from an auroral site (81°S) during the postmidnight sector in association with a substorm. Particle data from polar‐orbiting satellites provide indication of electron and ion precipitation into the Antarctic region during the geomagnetic disturbance. Total electron content maps show enhanced electron density being drawn into the polar cap in response to southward turning of the interplanetary magnetic field. The plasma enhancement structure then separates from the dayside plasma and drifts southward. Scintillation on the first day is coincident spatially and temporally with a plasma depletion region both in the dayside noon sector and in the dayside cusp. On the second day, scintillation is observed in the nightside auroral region and appears to be strongly associated with ionospheric irregularities caused by E region particle precipitation.
Preventing hereditary cancers caused by opportunistic carcinogens
Authors: Friedenson Bernard 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Objectives
Previous studies reported inherited BRCA1/2 deficits can cause cancer by impairing normal protective responses. Opportunistic carcinogens can exploit these deficits by causing chronic inflammation, constant cell death and replacement in a mutagenic environment, DNA crosslinking or double strand breaks. Some of the resulting cancers may be prevented if opportunistic carcinogens are identified.

Methods
The literature was systematically searched for carcinogens capable of exploiting deficits in BRCA1/2 pathways. Search criteria were common exposure, available information, required BRCA1/2 pathway repairs, increased risks for any cancer, and effects on stem cells.

Results
Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde are closely related carcinogens and common pollutants that seem everywhere. Alcohol metabolism also produces acetaldehyde. High levels of either carcinogen overwhelm normal detoxification systems, cause inflammation, inhibit DNA repair and produce DNA cross links as critical carcinogenic lesions. Searching model system studies revealed both carcinogens activate stem cells, BRCA1/2 pathways and connected BRCA1/2 pathways to myeloid leukemia. For example, the BRCA1-BARD1 complex is required for proper nucleophosmin functions. Nucleophosmin prevents a major subset of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Next, these concepts were independently tested against risks for myeloid leukemia. Epidemiologic results showed that BRCA2 gene defects inherited on both chromosomes increased risks so dramatically that AML occurs in most children. Using data from 14 studies, known/potential heterozygous BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations increased risks for myeloid leukemias by at least 3 fold in 7 studies and by at least 50% in 12.Acetaldehyde occurs in breast milk. In model studies, excessive acetaldehyde/alcohol exposure affects estrogen metabolism and stimulates alternate alcohol detoxification pathways. These pathways can also cause DNA cross linking by releasing oxygen species and activating procarcinogens. Acetaldehyde in rats’ drinking water increased incidence of leukemias, lymphomas, pancreatic tumors and fibroadenomas. Six human epidemiologic studies support an association between alcohol related genotype or alcohol consumption and early onset breast cancers, including those in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers.

Conclusions
Although it is difficult to prove direct causation, BRCA1/2 mutation carriers may reduce cancer risks by avoiding excessive formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. Broader genetic testing and pharmacologic/nutritional detoxification are possible.
LogMap 2.0: towards logic-based, scalable and interactive ontology matching
Authors: Jimenez-Ruiz Ernesto , Cuenca Grau Bernardo , Zhou Yujiao 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn this paper we present a much improved version of LogMap, a highly scalable ontology matching system with ‘built-in’ reasoning and diagnosis capabilities. LogMap 2.0 is not only more scalable and robust than its predecessor, but it also provides the necessary infrastructure for domain experts to interactively contribute to the matching process.
Culture Media for Enterococci
Authors: Klein Günter , Reuter Gerhard 
Published: December 2011

Enterococci, formerly classified as faecal streptococci, belong with few exceptions to the Lancefield group D streptococci. They are contaminants of various foods, especially those of animal origin. The genus Enterococcus comprises to date 40 known species. Most of them have their habitat in the intestine of man and animals. Serologically based grouping does not constitute a reliable definition for these bacteria. The same applies to the term “faecal streptococci” and it seems reasonable therefore to look for enterococci sensu stricto.
Food hygiene monitoring systems use enterococci as indicators for faecal contamination and such use requires reliable methods for selective cultivation and identification of marker strains. More than 100 modifications of selective media have been described in the past for isolating faecal streptococci or enterococci from various specimens. The selection of a medium requires consideration of the specimen type (solid or liquid), the method of cultivation (pre-enrichment/enrichment, plate count or membrane filter technique) and whether the specimen is heavily contaminated with other organisms. The choice of media is made more difficult as commercial versions of the same culture medium may vary in formulation and/or performance from producer to producer. Therefore, reviewing the literature may help in the choice of medium and of confirmatory tests.
Glycopeptide-resistant strains of enterococci are a cause of nosocomial infections. Enterococci in the food chain may function as transmitters from animals to man. Hence, the detection and identification of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) is needed in food microbiology and special media and procedures are required.
The selectivity and productivity of some commonly used or cited media are reported here: citrate azide Tween carbonate (CATC) agar, kanamycin aesculin azide (KAA) agar, M-Enterococcus (ME) agar, aesculin bile azide (ABA) agar, and thallous acetate tetrazolium glucose (T1TG) agar. In clinical literature, ABA is mostly called Enterococcosel (ECS) and ME known as Slanetz and Bartley agar. No medium is completely selective and productive for all strains of enterococci, but some media are more selective for some Enterococcus species, e.g. E. faecalis and E. faecium, which serve as indicators of faecal contamination or which are primarily responsible for nosocomial infections.
Confirmatory tests must be performed where the selectivity of the medium is not sufficient to exclude the growth of other bacteria like pediococci or Leuconostoc. Selective media for enterococci should be used only after or while simultaneously checking their selectivity (false positive) and productivity (false negative) against appropriate test organisms which are representative of the kind of specimen.
Future Perspectives on Solar Fuels
Authors: Faunce T. A. 
Published: December 2011

This chapter examines the future perspective that artificial photosynthesis (with timely and coordinated academic, governmental and corporate encouragement) may become a global phenomenon equitably providing inexpensive local (household and community) generation of fuels and basic foods from the simple raw materials of sunlight, water and carbon dioxide. The challenge to rapidly develop nanotechnologically-based artificial photosynthesis according to such principles is first extrapolated by giving a future perspective on the scientific challenges considered in the three sections of this book: Light Capture (including light-harvesting complexes, synthetic pigment arrays and dye-sensitive solar cells), Photochemical Conversion (including structure of the photosynthetic reaction centres, optimizing photochemical quantum yield) and Energy Storage (including optimization of photosynthetic water oxidation and catalysis). The potential role of a Global Artificial Photosynthesis (GAP) Project in promptly advancing such areas according to the virtues and principles of social equity and environmental sustainability is evaluated.
A future perspective on solar fuels emphasizing such virtues and principles is by no means a certainty. It is just as likely that the dissemination of artificial photosynthetic systems will be restricted through, for example, corporate claims of intellectual monopoly privilege, as well as national struggles to secure technological advantage. Governance strategies for minimization of such obstacles to GAP and its benefits will be critically analyzed.
Freehand Biopsy Guided by Electromagnetic Needle Tracking: A Phantom Study
Authors: Ewertsen C. , Rue Nielsen K. , Bachmann Nielsen M. 
Published: December 2011

Zusammenfassung
Ziel: Bewertung der Genauigkeit und des Zeitaufwands bei einer Biopsie mittels elektromagnetischen Nadeltrackings an einem Phantom im Vergleich zur Standardtechnik der ultraschallgestützten Biopsie mit angeschlossener Lenkeinrichtung. Darüber hinaus die Bewertung der Biopsie außerhalb der Ebene gestützt duch Nadeltracking.
Material und Methoden: An einem Phantom wurden drei verschiedene Biopsieserien durchgeführt: eine, bei der die Lenkeinrichtung an den Meßwandler ohne Nadeltracking angeschlossen ist und somit der Standardtechnik der ultraschallgestützten Biopsie ähnelt (Serie 1), eine Freihand innerhalb der Scan-Ebene mittels elektromagnetischen Nadeltrackings (Serie 2) und eine Freihand außerhalb der Scan-Ebene mittels elektromagnetischen Nadeltrackings (Serie 3). Das Phantom enthielt Kugeln von 1 cm Durchmesser, die mit roter Farbe gefüllt waren. Jede Perforation der Phantomoberfläche wurde als eine Biopsie gewertet.
Ergebnisse: 180 Biopsien wurden durchgeführt. Die mittlere Zeitdauer pro Biopsie betrug in Serie eins 19,9 s (SD: 9,1), in Serie zwei 34,1 s (SD 17,9) und in Serie drei 34,4 s (SD: 14,0). Die Erfolgsrate betrug insgesamt: 88 % für die nadelgeführte Biopsie in der Ebene, 87 % für das Nadeltracking in der Ebene und 92 % für das Nadeltracking außerhalb der Ebene. Zwischen den Methoden konnte kein statistisch signifikanter Unterschied ausgemacht werden.
Schlussfolgerung: Die Nadelnavigation ist ein möglicherweise wertvolles Hilfsmittel der bildgestützten Biopsie mit einer ähnlichen Erfolgsquote im Vergleich zur konventionellen bildgestützten Biopsie. Darüber hinaus ermöglicht sie die bildgestützte Biopsie außerhalb der Ebene.
Dynamic metabolic labeling of DNA in vivo with arabinosyl nucleosides
Authors: Neef Anne B. , Luedtke Nathan W. 
Published: December 2011

Commonly used metabolic labels for DNA, including 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) and BrdU, are toxic antimetabolites that cause DNA instability, necrosis, and cell-cycle arrest. In addition to perturbing biological function, these properties can prevent metabolic labeling studies where subsequent tissue survival is needed. To bypass the metabolic pathways responsible for toxicity, while maintaining the ability to be metabolically incorporated into DNA, we synthesized and evaluated a small family of arabinofuranosyl-ethynyluracil derivatives. Among these, (2′
S
)-2′-deoxy-2′-fluoro-5-ethynyluridine (F-
ara
-EdU) exhibited selective DNA labeling, yet had a minimal impact on genome function in diverse tissue types. Metabolic incorporation of F-
ara
-EdU into DNA was readily detectable using copper(I)-catalyzed azide–alkyne “click” reactions with fluorescent azides. F-
ara
-EdU is less toxic than both BrdU and EdU, and it can be detected with greater sensitivity in experiments where long-term cell survival and/or deep-tissue imaging are desired. In contrast to previously reported 2′-arabino modified nucleosides and EdU, F-
ara
-EdU causes little or no cellular arrest or DNA synthesis inhibition. F-
ara
-EdU is therefore ideally suited for pulse-chase experiments aimed at “birth dating” DNA in vivo. As a demonstration, Zebrafish embryos were microinjected with F-
ara
-EdU at the one-cell stage and chased by BrdU at 10 h after fertilization. Following 3 d of development, complex patterns of quiescent/senescent cells containing only F-
ara
-EdU were observed in larvae along the dorsal side of the notochord and epithelia. Arabinosyl nucleoside derivatives therefore provide unique and effective means to introduce bioorthogonal functional groups into DNA for diverse applications in basic research, biotechnology, and drug discovery.
Electronic dynamics and plasmons of sodium under compression
Authors: Mao Ho-Kwang , Ding Yang , Xiao Yuming , Chow Paul , Shu Jinfu , Lebègue Sébastien , Lazicki Amy , Ahuja Rajeev 
Published: December 2011

Sodium, which has long been regarded as one of the simplest metals, displays a great deal of structural, optical, and electronic complexities under compression. We compressed pure Na in the body-centered cubic structure to 52 GPa and in the face-centered cubic structure from 64 to 97 GPa, and studied the plasmon excitations of both structures using the momentum-dependent inelastic X-ray scattering technique. The plasmon dispersion curves as a function of pressure were extrapolated to zero momentum with a quadratic approximation. As predicted by the simple free-electron model, the square of the zero-momentum plasmon energy increases linearly with densification of the body-centered cubic Na up to 1.5-fold. At further compressions and in face-centered cubic Na above 64 GPa, the linear relation curves progressively toward the density axis up to 3.7-fold densification at 97 GPa. Ab initio calculations indicate that the deviation is an expected behavior of Na remaining a simple metal.
Nonlinear detection of paleoclimate-variability transitions possibly related to human evolution
Authors: Donges Jonathan F. , Donner Reik V. , Trauth Martin H. , Marwan Norbert , Schellnhuber Hans-Joachim , Kurths Jürgen 
Published: December 2011

Potential paleoclimatic driving mechanisms acting on human evolution present an open problem of cross-disciplinary scientific interest. The analysis of paleoclimate archives encoding the environmental variability in East Africa during the past 5 Ma has triggered an ongoing debate about possible candidate processes and evolutionary mechanisms. In this work, we apply a nonlinear statistical technique, recurrence network analysis, to three distinct marine records of terrigenous dust flux. Our method enables us to identify three epochs with transitions between qualitatively different types of environmental variability in North and East Africa during the (i) Middle Pliocene (3.35–3.15 Ma B.P.), (ii) Early Pleistocene (2.25–1.6 Ma B.P.), and (iii) Middle Pleistocene (1.1–0.7 Ma B.P.). A deeper examination of these transition periods reveals potential climatic drivers, including (i) large-scale changes in ocean currents due to a spatial shift of the Indonesian throughflow in combination with an intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciation, (ii) a global reorganization of the atmospheric Walker circulation induced in the tropical Pacific and Indian Ocean, and (iii) shifts in the dominating temporal variability pattern of glacial activity during the Middle Pleistocene, respectively. A reexamination of the available fossil record demonstrates statistically significant coincidences between the detected transition periods and major steps in hominin evolution. This result suggests that the observed shifts between more regular and more erratic environmental variability may have acted as a trigger for rapid change in the development of humankind in Africa.
DHRS7c, a novel cardiomyocyte‐expressed gene that is down‐regulated by adrenergic stimulation and in heart failure
Authors: Lu Bo , Tigchelaar Wardit , Ruifrok Willem P.T. , van Gilst Wiek H. , de Boer Rudolf A. , Silljé Herman H.W. 
Published: December 2011

AimsAlthough cardiac diseases account for the highest mortality and morbidity rates in Western society, there is still a considerable gap in our knowledge of genes that contribute to cardiac (dys)function. Here we screened for gene expression profiles correlated to heart failure.Methods and resultsBy expression profiling we identified a novel gene, termed DHRS7c, which was significantly down‐regulated by adrenergic stimulation and in heart failure models. Dhrs7c is a short chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) and is localized to the endo/sarcoplasmic reticulum. Dhrs7c is strongly conserved in vertebrates, and mRNA and protein expression levels were highest in heart and skeletal muscle followed by skin, but were not detectable in other organs. In vitro, both α‐ and β‐adrenergic stimulation repressed Dhrs7c expression in neonatal cardiomyocytes and this could be mimicked by the direct activation of protein kinase C and adenylate cyclase, the respective intracellular targets of these hormones. In contrast, endothelin‐1, which also provoked strong hypertrophy development in vitro, did not repress Dhrs7c expression. The latter suggests adrenergic specificity and indicates that down‐regulation is not a prerequisite for hypertrophy development. In vivo adrenergic stimulation could also down‐regulate Dhrs7c expression. Finally, we confirmed that expression was also down‐regulated in two different models of failure and, importantly, also in biopsies from human heart failure patients.ConclusionOur results show that the expression of Dhrs7c, a novel endo/sarcoplasmic reticulum‐localized SDR, is inversely correlated with adrenergic stimulation and heart failure development.
Extreme climatic events and vegetation: the role of stabilizing processes
Authors: Lloret Francisco , Escudero Adrian , Iriondo José María , Martínez‐Vilalta Jordi , Valladares Fernando 
Published: December 2011

AbstractCurrent climatic trends involve both increasing temperatures and climatic variability, with extreme events becoming more frequent. Increasing concern on extreme climatic events has triggered research on vegetation shifts. However, evidences of vegetation shifts resulting from these events are still relatively rare. Empirical evidence supports the existence of stabilizing processes minimizing and counteracting the effects of these events, reinforcing community resilience. We propose a demographic framework to understand this inertia to change based on the balance between adult mortality induced by the event and enhanced recruitment or adult survival after the event. The stabilizing processes potentially contributing to this compensation include attenuation of the adult mortality caused by the event, due to site quality variability, to tolerance, phenotypic variability, and plasticity at population level, and to facilitative interactions. Mortality compensation may also occur by increasing future survival due to beneficial effect on growth and survival of the new conditions derived from global warming and increased climatic variability, to lowered competition resulting from reduced density in affected stands, or to antagonistic release when pathogens or predators are vulnerable to the event or the ongoing climatic conditions. Finally, mortality compensation may appear by enhanced recruitment due to release of competition with established vegetation, for instance as a consequence of gap openings after event‐caused mortality, or to the new conditions, which may be more favorable for seedling establishment, or to enhanced mutualistic interactions (pollination, dispersal). There are important challenges imposed by the need of long‐term studies, but a research agenda focused on potentially stabilizing processes is well suited to understand the variety of responses, including lack of sudden changes and community inertia that are frequently observed in vegetation under extreme events. This understanding is crucial for the establishment of sound management strategies and actions addressed to improve ecosystem resilience under climate change scenarios.
Future wood productivity ofPinus radiatainNewZealand under expected climatic changes
Authors: Kirschbaum Miko U. F. , Watt Michael S. , Tait Andrew , Ausseil Anne‐Gaelle E. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe physiologically based growth modelCenWwas used to simulate wood‐productivity responses ofPinus radiataforests to climate change inNewZealand. The model was tested under current climatic conditions against a comprehensive set of observations from growth plots located throughout the country. Climate change simulations were based on monthly climate change fields of 12GCMs forced by theSRESB1, A1B and A2 emission scenarios for 2040 and 2090. Simulations used either constant or increasingCO2concentrations corresponding to the different emission scenarios. With constantCO2, there were only slight growth responses to climate change across the country as a whole. More specifically, there were slight growth reductions in the warmer north but gains in the cooler south, especially at higher altitudes. For sites whereP. radiatais currently grown, and across the full suite ofGCMs and emission scenarios, changes in wood productivity averaged +3% for both 2040 and 2090. When increasingCO2concentration was also included, responses of wood productivity were generally positive, with average increases of 19% by 2040 and 37% by 2090. These responses varied regionally, ranging from relatively minor changes in the north of the country to very significant increases in the south, where the beneficial effect of increasingCO2combined with the beneficial effect of increasing temperatures. These relatively large responses toCO2depend on maintenance of the current adequate fertility levels in most commercial plantations. Productivity enhancements came at the expense of some soil‐carbon losses. Average losses for the country were simulated to average 3.5% under constantCO2and 1.5% with increasingCO2concentration. Again, there were regional differences, with larger losses for regions with lesser growth enhancements, and lesser reductions in regions where greater productivity enhancements could partly balance the effect of faster decomposition activity.