bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross-sectional evaluation of health resource use in patients with functional neurological disorders referred to a tertiary neuroscience centre
Authors: O'Mahony Brian William , Nelson-Sice Robert , Nielsen Glenn , Hunter Rachael , Cope Sarah , Agarwal Niruj , Edwards Mark J , Yogarajah Mahinda 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionFunctional neurological disorder (FND) is a common cause of referral to neurology services. FND has been shown to lead to significant healthcare resource use and is associated with significant disability, comorbidity and distress. This leads to substantial direct, indirect and intangible costs to the patient and society.MethodsWe recruited consecutive patients with FND referred to a tertiary FND specialist clinic. We assessed health and social care resource use in the 6 months preceding their consultation through a modified version of the Client Service Receipt Inventory in the form of a postal questionnaire. The total cost was estimated by combining the number and frequency of health resource use with standard national unit costs. We also assessed indirect costs such as informal care and loss of income.ResultsWe collected data on 118 subjects. Patients with comorbid anxiety or depression had higher costs in the preceding 6 months, as did patients who had a longer duration of FND symptoms. Indirect costs were higher than the already substantial direct costs and a large proportion of patients with FND were receiving government support.ConclusionThis study highlights the high cost of FND to both patients and health systems. Adequate reform of the patient pathway and reorganisation of services to make diagnoses and initiate treatment more quickly would likely reduce these costs.
Qualitative study of new doctor induction and socialisation
Authors: Goodall Keith , Boyle Adrian A , MacKenzie Rod 
Published: May 2024

AimJunior doctors joining EDs are required to rapidly acquire new knowledge and skills, but there is little research describing how this process can be facilitated. We aimed to understand what would make ED formal induction and early socialisation more effective.MethodsQualitative study; informal interviews of junior doctors, consultants and nursing staff and direct observation of clinical interactions, induction and training in a single ED in an English Emergency Department between August and October 2019. We used constant comparison to identify and develop themes.FindingsNew junior doctors identified that early socialisation should facilitate patient safety and a safe learning space, with much of this process dependent on consultant interactions rather than formal induction. Clear themes around helpful and unhelpful consultant support and supervision were identified. Consultants who acknowledged their own fallibility and maintained approachability produced a safe learning environment, while consultants who lacked interest in their juniors, publicly humiliated them or disregarded the junior doctors’ suggestions were seen as unhelpful and unconstructive.ConclusionEffective socialisation, consistent with previous literature, was identified as critical. Junior doctors see consultant behaviours and interactions as key to creating a safe learning space.
Circadian rhythm dysfunction and psychopathology in the offspring of parents with bipolar disorder: a high-risk study in the Chinese population
Authors: Lei Binbin , Feng Hongliang , Yang Lulu , Wang Jing , Chen Jie , Song Weidong , Jiang Chao , Zhang Kun , Wang Qunfeng , Tsang Jessie Chi Ching , Chan Ngan Yin , Liu Yaping , Chan Joey W.Y. , Pan Jiyang , Zhang Bin , Li Tao , Merikangas Kathleen Ries , Zhang Jihui , Wing Yun Kwok 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundUnderstanding the evolution of circadian rhythm dysfunction and psychopathology in the high-risk population has important implications for the prevention of bipolar disorder. Nevertheless, some of the previous studies on the emergence of psychopathologies and circadian dysfunction among high-risk populations were inconsistent and limited.AimsTo examine the prevalence rates of sleep and circadian dysfunctions, mental disorders and their symptoms in the offspring of parents with (O-BD) and without bipolar disorder (O-control).MethodsThe study included 191 O-BD and 202 O-control subjects aged 6–21 years from the Greater Bay Area, China. The diagnoses and symptoms of sleep/circadian rhythm and mental disorders were assessed by the Diagnostic Interview for Sleep Patterns and Disorders, and the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version, respectively. Generalised estimating equations and shared frailty proportional hazards models of survival analysis were applied to compare the outcomes in the offspring.ResultsAdjusting for age, sex and region of recruitment, there was a significantly higher risk of delayed sleep phase symptoms (9.55% vs 2.58%, adjusted OR: 4.04) in O-BD than in O-control. O-BD had a nearly fivefold higher risk of mood disorders (11.70% vs 3.47%, adjusted OR: 4.68) and social anxiety (6.28% vs 1.49%, adjusted OR: 4.70), a fourfold higher risk of depressive disorders (11.17% vs 3.47%, adjusted OR: 3.99) and a threefold higher risk of mood symptoms (20.74% vs 10.40%, adjusted OR: 2.59) than O-control. Subgroup analysis revealed that O-BD children (aged under 12 years) had a nearly 2-fold higher risk of any mental and behavioural symptoms than O-control, while there was a nearly 4-fold higher risk of delayed sleep phase symptoms, a 7.5-fold higher risk of social anxiety and a 3-fold higher risk of mood symptoms in O-BD adolescents (aged 12 years and over).ConclusionsThere was an increase in delayed sleep phase symptoms in O-BD adolescents compared with their control counterparts, confirming the central role of circadian rhythm dysfunction in bipolar disorder. The findings of the specific age-related and stage-related developmental patterns of psychopathologies and circadian dysfunction in children and adolescent offspring of parents with bipolar disorder paved the way to develop specific and early clinical intervention and prevention strategies.Trial registration numberNCT03656302.
A Whipple’s disease associated with HIV – case report
Authors: Machado Gabriel Canhete , Portela Juliana Vinadé , Bueno Elza Cristina Miranda da Cunha , Real Gustavo Gonzalez , Sartori Felipe Silveira Martins 
Published: May 2024

Despite the lack of literature discussing the topic, the Whipple's Disease (WD) presents higher prevalence in people with compromised immunity, as it happens in HIV. This association can be seen in the current case, which reports a male patient, middle-aged, positive sorologic status for HIV with irregular use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) who presented symptoms of diarrhea and malabsorption during a previous hospitalization for pneumothorax treatment. In a biopsy of the small intestine, by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, the diagnosis of Tropheryma whipplei infection was possible through immunohistochemical examination for periodic-Shiff acid (PSA), with evidence of foamy macrophages with cytoplasm rich in PSA positive granules. The medical conduct was the empirical treatment for pseudomembranous colitis, which includes association of Meropenem, Vancomycin and Metronidazole. With the improvement of the clinical of malabsorption and the decrease of diarrheal episodes the patient got hospital discharge. Yet underdiagnosed in people living with HIV, the WD should be considered in the arise of compatible symptoms, because when treated on time the prognosis of the disease is usually favorable.
Energy Complexity of Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Šíma Jiří , Vidnerová Petra , Mrázek Vojtěch 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The energy efficiency of hardware implementations of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) is critical to their widespread deployment in low-power mobile devices. Recently, a number of methods have been proposed for providing energy-optimal mappings of CNNs onto diverse hardware accelerators. Their estimated energy consumption is related to specific implementation details and hardware parameters, which does not allow for machine-independent exploration of CNN energy measures. In this letter, we introduce a simplified theoretical energy complexity model for CNNs, based on only a two-level memory hierarchy that captures asymptotically all important sources of energy consumption for different CNN hardware implementations. In this model, we derive a simple energy lower bound and calculate the energy complexity of evaluating a CNN layer for two common data flows, providing corresponding upper bounds. According to statistical tests, the theoretical energy upper and lower bounds we present fit asymptotically very well with the real energy consumption of CNN implementations on the Simba and Eyeriss hardware platforms, estimated by the Timeloop/Accelergy program, which validates the proposed energy complexity model for CNNs.
Individual variability in neural representations of mind-wandering
Authors: Kucyi Aaron , Anderson Nathan , Bounyarith Tiara , Braun David , Shareef-Trudeau Lotus , Treves Isaac , Braga Rodrigo M. , Hsieh Po-Jang , Hung Shao-Min 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Mind-wandering is a frequent, daily mental activity, experienced in unique ways in each person. Yet neuroimaging evidence relating mind-wandering to brain activity, for example in the default mode network (DMN), has relied on population- rather than individual-based inferences owing to limited within-person sampling. Here, three densely sampled individuals each reported hundreds of mind-wandering episodes while undergoing multi-session functional magnetic resonance imaging. We found reliable associations between mind-wandering and DMN activation when estimating brain networks within individuals using precision functional mapping. However, the timing of spontaneous DMN activity relative to subjective reports, and the networks beyond DMN that were activated and deactivated during mind-wandering, were distinct across individuals. Connectome-based predictive modeling further revealed idiosyncratic, whole-brain functional connectivity patterns that consistently predicted mind-wandering within individuals but did not fully generalize across individuals. Predictive models of mind-wandering and attention that were derived from larger-scale neuroimaging datasets largely failed when applied to densely sampled individuals, further highlighting the need for personalized models. Our work offers novel evidence for both conserved and variable neural representations of self-reported mind-wandering in different individuals. The previously unrecognized interindividual variations reported here underscore the broader scientific value and potential clinical utility of idiographic approaches to brain-experience associations.
Anthropomorphizing Animals: Foxhunting Stories and the Nature Faker Controversy
Authors: Fernandez Angela 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This paper uses a selection of foxhunting stories to explore the way in which anthropomorphized foxes were used to communicate pro-hunting messages to their mostly young readers. These justifications also appeared in nonfictional foxhunting sporting literature. Indeed, this literature included some of the same incredible anecdotes that also appeared in the work of nature writers at the turn of the twentieth century such as Charles G.D. Roberts and Ernest Thompson Seton working in a new sympathetic genre called the “animal story.” These writers found themselves under attack because naturalists like John Burroughs, and hunters, including President Theodore Roosevelt, found their stories to be inaccurate and anthropocentric. Roosevelt dubbed them the “nature fakers.” Foxhunting “histories” employed imaginative material and much anthropomorphism but were not attacked for doing so. This tends to indicate that anthropomorphisms were more acceptable when they were facilitating animal exploitation than when they were used to promote the perspective of nonhuman animals.
Breeding biology of Bonelli’s Eagle (Aquila fasciata) in Cyprus
Authors: Iezekiel Savvas , Yosef Reuven , Bakaloudis Dimitrios E. , Papakosta Malamati , Vlachos Christos G. , Antoniou Andreas 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The Bonelli’s Eagle exhibits a wide geographic distribution yet remains relatively understudied on the island of Cyprus. Between 1999 and 2002, we examined 32 pairs of Bonelli’s Eagles, totaling 64 breeding attempts. During this period, a total of 116 eggs were laid, with an average clutch size of 2.0 ± 0.1 eggs per pair. Incubation, predominantly performed by the female, lasted an average of 38.7 ± 0.2 days. Of the eggs laid, 71 hatched, resulting in an average hatching rate of 82.6%. Hatchability varied, with the highest rate (91.3%) observed in 1999 and the lowest (76.2%) in 2001. Nestlings spent an average of 61 ± 0.5 days in the nest before fledging. Remarkably, 92.6% of pairs successfully fledged young (n = 60), with a mean breeding success of 1.6 ± 0.1 fledglings per pair. Significant differences were observed in the average number of eggs laid, hatched, and young fledged between the two types of habitats. Nest sites varied in altitude, ranging from 170 to 1,242 meters, with a nearest-neighbor distance between adjacent nests averaging 7.86 ± 0.43 kilometers.
Ontogenesis and variation of wood ‘parenchymatization’ in Cochlospermum vitifolium (Bixaceae)
Authors: Alvarado Marco V. , Terrazas Teresa 
Published: May 2024

Summary
Axial parenchyma proliferation (non-lignified parenchyma) in wood has been characterized for only a few species. In the present study, we characterized the proliferation, ontogeny, and seasonal variation of wood axial parenchyma in Cochlospermum vitifolium (Bixaceae). This study included material from natural populations from different sites in Mexico. We analyzed the wood anatomy and development in stems of different ages, and monthly sampling of the main stem during the growing season. The results show that the wood anatomy of C. vitifolium is characterized by features associated with efficient water transport, such as wide vessels and low vessel frequency. The wood has a high storage and radial transport capacity. Axial parenchyma is abundant and constitutes the main cell type of the wood. Rays are wide and tall with a high starch content. Ontogenetic development of the wood showed that non-lignified axial parenchyma differentiates after secondary growth has been established. Parenchyma proliferation does not occur in an axially orderly fashion and the results suggest that there is a relationship between maximum proliferation and precipitation. We found high variation in wood parenchymatization between trees. The maximum parenchymatization and succulence was found in trees with larger stem diameter. The ecological and ontogenetic implications of wood parenchymatization are discussed.
Helicobacter Pylori Infection Among Patients Attending Bule Hora University Teaching Hospital, Ethiopia: Five-Year Trends
Authors: Ashenafi Girma , Aliyo Alqeer , Tilahun Dangamyelew , Gemechu Tibeso , Dedecha Wako , Husen Oliyad , Sisay Biruk 
Published: May 2024

Background Around half of the world's population is infected with Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori), according to data from a recent systematic review. H. pylori infection is extremely common around the world. It is the most prevalent disease in Ethiopia and contributes to both morbidity and mortality. Patients with gastritis, peptic ulcers, and stomach cancer have been reported to harbor H. pylori. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the trends of Helicobacter Pylori infection among patients attending the Bule Hora University Teaching Hospital from 2018–2022, Bule Hora, Ethiopia. Method A hospital-based retrospective study design was conducted to recruit 314 sampled data from the logbook, which were five-year data (2018-2022) from the Bule Hora University Teaching Hospitals. Data were extracted using structured checklists. The sample size was calculated using the single-population proportion formula. Study participants were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. Data were entered in EpiData 4.6 and exported to SPSS Version 26 for analysis. Results Approximately 314 complete data from selected participants were collected and evaluated for the present study. The mean age was 29.01 (SD ± 4.93). Most of the respondents (39.2%) were in the age group of 21 to 30 years. The general prevalence of H. pylori observed in this study is 28% (95% confidence interval [CI], 23-32.9). The prevalence was higher in women (71.6%) than in men (28.4%). In terms of age category, those over 60 years of age were observed with the highest positiveness for H. pylori with 38.1% and the trend of H. pylori prevalence fluctuated from 2018 to 2022. Conclusion In total, 28% of the study participants had H. pylori, but there was variation in the prevalence of H. pylori infection between 2018 and 2022. Compared to other age groups, the 60-year-old age group had a higher prevalence of H. pylori and this prevalence continued to increase annually. The concerned parties must be interested in raising awareness and establishing criteria for the eradication of these bacteria.
In vitro induction of tetraploids and their phenotypic and transcriptome analysis in Glehnia littoralis
Authors: Zhang Xin , Zheng Ziyu , Wang Jing , Li Yuwen , Gao Yan , Li Lixia , Pang Yujuan , Bian Fuhua 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Glehnia littoralis is a medicinal and edible plant species having commercial value and has several hundred years of cultivation history. Polyploid breeding is one of the most important and fastest ways to generate novel varieties. To obtain tetraploids of G. littoralis in vitro, colchicine treatment was given to the seeds and then were screened based on morphology, flow cytometry, and root tip pressing assays. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis was performed to identity the differentially expressed genes associated with phenotypic changes in tetraploid G. littoralis.

Results
The results showed that 0.05% (w/v) colchicine treatment for 48 h was effective in inducing tetraploids in G. littoralis. The tetraploid G. littoralis (2n = 4x = 44) was superior in leaf area, leaf thickness, petiole diameter, SPAD value (Chl SPAD), stomatal size, epidermal tissues thickness, palisade tissues thickness, and spongy tissues thickness to the diploid ones, while the stomatal density of tetraploids was significantly lower. Transcriptome sequencing revealed, a total of 1336 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between tetraploids and diploids. Chromosome doubling may lead to DNA content change and gene dosage effect, which directly affects changes in quantitative traits, with changes such as increased chlorophyll content, larger stomata and thicker tissue of leaves. Several up-regulated DEGs were found related to growth and development in tetraploid G. littoralis such as CKI, PPDK, hisD and MDP1. KEGG pathway enrichment analyses showed that most of DEGs were enriched in metabolic pathways.

Conclusions
This is the first report of the successful induction of tetraploids in G. littoralis. The information presented in this study facilitate breeding programs and molecular breeding of G. littoralis varieties.
A comprehensive scoring system for the better prediction of bowel resection in pediatric intussusception
Authors: Xia Bingshan , Chen Guoqiang , Liu Qianyang , Yan Chengwei , Lu Peng , Guo Chunbao 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Intussusception presents a significant emergency that often necessitates bowel resection, leading to severe complications and management challenges. This study aims to investigate and establish a scoring system to enhance the prediction of bowel resection necessity in pediatric intussusception patients.

Methods
This retrospective study analyzed 660 hospitalized patients with intussusception who underwent surgical management at a pediatric hospital in Southwest China from April 2008 to December 2020. The necessity of bowel resection was assessed and categorized in this cohort. Variables associated with bowel resection were examined using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Based on these analyses, a scoring system was developed, grounded on the summation of the coefficients (β).

Results
Among the 660 patients meeting the inclusion criteria, 218 required bowel resection during surgery. Bowel resection occurrence was linked to an extended duration of symptoms (Odds Ratio [OR] = 2.14; 95% Confidence Interval [CI], 1.03–5.23; P = 0.0015), the presence of gross bloody stool (OR = 8.98; 95% CI, 1.76–48.75, P < 0.001), elevated C-reactive protein levels (OR = 4.79; 95% CI, 1.12–28.31, P = 0.0072), lactate clearance rate (LCR) (OR = 17.25; 95% CI, 2.36–80.35; P < 0.001), and the intussusception location (OR = 12.65; 95% CI, 1.46–62.67, P < 0.001), as determined by multivariate logistic regression analysis. A scoring system (totaling 14.02 points) was developed from the cumulative β coefficients, with a threshold of 5.22 effectively differentiating infants requiring surgical intervention from others with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), exhibiting a sensitivity of 78.3% and a specificity of 71.9%.

Conclusions
This study successfully identified multiple risk factors for bowel resection and effectively used a scoring system to identify patients for optimal clinical management.
Magnitude of neonatal sepsis and its associated factors among neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit in Hawassa Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Sidama Regional State, Ethiopia, 2020
Authors: Baheru Frehiwot Sisay , Shiferaw Bisrat Zeleke , Toru Tigistu , GebreEyesus Fisha Alebel 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Neonatal sepsis is one of the most common causes of disease and death among neonates globally. And it made a great contribution to neonatal admission to intensive care units. To mitigate the ongoing neonatal crisis and accomplish the goal of sustainable development through a decrease in neonatal mortality, information from various regions is needed. Despite the considerable burden of neonatal sepsis in our setting, no prior studies were conducted in the study area. So, this study aimed to assess the magnitude and associated factors of neonatal sepsis among neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Sidama Regional State, Ethiopia.

Methods
A hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 287 neonates from March 1, 2020, to April 25, 2020. An interviewer-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. The data were cleaned, coded, and entered into Epi Data 3.1 software and exported to Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software version 23.0 for analysis. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed to identify variables having a significant association with neonatal sepsis. A p-value of ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant during multivariable logistic regression.

Results
The study found that the magnitude of neonatal sepsis was 56%. The mean age of neonates was 3.2(SD±2.2) days. Around two-fifths (39%) of neonates were in the gestational age of <37 completed weeks. A quarter of mothers(25.8%) were delivered through cesarean section. During labor, 251 (87.5%) mothers had ≤4 digital vaginal examinations. Moreover, the finding revealed that mothers who delivered by cesarean section [AOR = 2.13, 95% CI (1.090-4.163)]. neonates who had been resuscitated at birth [AOR = 4.5, 95% CI (2.083-9.707)], and neonates who had NG tube inserted [AOR = 4.29, 95% CI (2.302-8.004)] were found to be significantly associated with neonatal sepsis.

Conclusions
The current study shows that neonatal sepsis was prevalent among more than half of the neonates admitted to the NICU. Therefore, designing strategies to enhance the aseptic techniques of professionals in the provision of care and actively and collaboratively working with cluster health facilities is highly recommended.