bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A clinical guideline for the Iranian women and newborns in the postpartum period
Authors: Najmi Leila Abdoli , Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi Sakineh , Abbasalizadeh Fatemeh , Poormehr Haniyeh Salehi , Pashazade Fariba , Mirghafourvand Mojgan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
The postpartum is a vital period for women, newborns, spouses, parents, caregivers, and families. Regarding the importance of postpartum care and the lack of comprehensive and up-to-date clinical guidelines in the country of Iran, the postpartum clinical guidelines have been adapted.

Methods
Cultural adaptation was conducted in three stages. In the first stage, the adaptation team was formed and the process was approved. During the second stage, a systematic literature review was conducted using international databases to identify English-language clinical guidelines published within the last 10 years. Out of 17 guidelines and documents initially selected, 5 guidelines meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria and published within the last 5 years were chosen following a thorough review by the search team. In the secondary selection, the guidelines were investigated by two subject-matter experts based on AGREE II Checklist, and regarding the high evaluation score obtained by the WHO Recommendations on Postnatal Care of the Mother and Newborn (2022), and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE,2021) guideline for postnatal care were selected for cultural adaptation. In the third stage, the opinions of experts from all over the country were collected and scored using the Delphi method, and a final guideline was formulated.

Results
The adapted postpartum clinical guideline has offered 56 recommendations. The recommendations are categorized into four major themes including mother care, newborn care, health system and health promotion interventions and post caesarean care.

Conclusion
Applying evidence-based recommendations for the care of mothers and babies in the postpartum period will enhance the health system, promote the provision of care after vaginal and caesarean births, and ensure a positive postnatal experience for mothers, fathers, babies, and families.
Inhibition of caspase pathways limits CD4+ T cell loss and restores host anti-retroviral function in HIV-1 infected humanized mice with augmented lymphoid tissue
Authors: Holloway Alex J. , Saito Tais B. , Naqvi Kubra F. , Huante Matthew B. , Fan Xiuzhen , Lisinicchia Joshua G. , Gelman Benjamin B. , Endsley Janice J. , Endsley Mark A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe study of HIV infection and pathogenicity in physical reservoirs requires a biologically relevant model. The human immune system (HIS) mouse is an established model of HIV infection, but defects in immune tissue reconstitution remain a challenge for examining pathology in tissues. We utilized exogenous injection of the human recombinant FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (rFLT-3 L) into the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) cord blood HIS mouse model to significantly expand the total area of lymph node (LN) and the number of circulating human T cells. The results enabled visualization and quantification of HIV infectivity, CD4 T cell depletion and other measures of pathogenesis in the secondary lymphoid tissues of the spleen and LN. Treatment with the Caspase-1/4 inhibitor VX-765 limited CD4+ T cell loss in the spleen and reduced viral load in both the spleen and axillary LN. In situ hybridization further demonstrated a decrease in viral RNA in both the spleen and LN. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that in vivo inhibition of caspase-1/4 led to an upregulation in host HIV restriction factors including SAMHD1 and APOBEC3A. These findings highlight the use of rFLT-3 L to augment human immune system characteristics in HIS mice to support investigations of HIV pathogenesis and test host directed therapies, though further refinements are needed to further augment LN architecture and cellular populations. The results further provide in vivo evidence of the potential to target inflammasome pathways as an avenue of host-directed therapy to limit immune dysfunction and virus replication in tissue compartments of HIV+ persons.
Expression of 10 circulating cytokines/chemokines in HBV-related liver disease
Authors: Jia Yanfang , Jiao Xiaolei , Shi Wenxia , Luo Ying , Xiang Huiling , Liang Jing , Gao Yingtang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Cytokines/chemokines play essential roles in the occurrence and progression of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. This study aimed to observe the expression patterns of 10 related cytokines/chemokines in the serum of healthy individuals, self-limited patients and HBV-infected patients at different stages of disease (chronic hepatitis B (CHB), liver cirrhosis (LC), hepatocellular dysplastic nodules (DNs) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)) and to analyze the relationships of these cytokines/chemokines with disease progression.

Methods
The levels of six cytokines (FGF-2, IFN-α2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and VEGF-A) and four chemokines (GRO-α, IL-8, IP-10 and MCP-1) were quantified using Luminex multiplex technology.

Results
There were no significant differences in the expression of the 10 cytokines/chemokines between healthy individuals and self-limited patients. The levels of IL-4, IL-6, and IL-8 increased significantly in the CHB and LC groups. IL-10 was highly expressed in the HCC group. The level of IP-10 was significantly greater in all liver disease groups (CHB, LC, DN and HCC) than in the HI and SL-HBV groups, while the level of GRO was significantly lower in all liver disease groups than in the HI and SL-HBV groups. The levels of the 10 cytokines/chemokines were not significantly different between the preoperative group and the two-day postoperative group. Significant increases in the levels of IL-4, VEGF-A and IL-8 and significant decreases in those of IL-10 and GRO-α were observed 3 months after surgery. Correlation analysis revealed that most of the cytokines/chemokines with significant correlation differences were positively correlated before and after HCC surgery.

Conclusion
Our results highlight the fluctuating status of specific cytokines in HBV infection-related disease progression. It is speculated that these cytokines may be used as serum markers to monitor dynamic changes during the progression of HBV-related liver disease and to predict patient prognosis.
Vanillin production by Corynebacterium glutamicum using heterologous aromatic carboxylic acid reductases
Authors: Matsuzawa Miku , Ito Junko , Danjo Keiko , Fukui Keita 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Vanillin is a flavoring substance derived from vanilla. We are currently developing a biotransformation method for vanillin production using glucose. This report describes the last step in vanillin production: the conversion of vanillic acid to vanillin. First, we selected Corynebacterium glutamicum as the host owing to its high vanillin resistance. The aromatic aldehyde reductase gene (NCgl0324) and vanillic acid demethylase protein subunits A and B gene (vanAB, NCgl2300-NCgl2301) were deleted in C. glutamicum genome to avoid vanillin degradation. Next, we searched for an aromatic carboxylic acid reductase (ACAR), which converts vanillic acid to vanillin. Seventeen ACAR homologs from various organisms were introduced into C. glutamicum.

Results
In vivo conversion experiments showed that eight ACARs were successfully expressed and produced vanillin. In terms of conversion activity and substrate specificity, the ACARs from Gordonia effusa, Coccomyxa subellipsoidea, and Novosphingobium malaysiense are promising candidates for commercial production.

Conclusions
Corynebacterium glutamicum harboring Gordonia effusa ACAR produced 22 g/L vanillin, which is, to the best of our knowledge, the highest accumulation reported in the literature. At the same time, we discovered ACAR from Novosphingobium malaysiense and Coccomyxa subellipsoidea C-169 with high substrate specificity. These findings are useful for reducing the byproducts.
18S rDNA sequence-structure phylogeny of the eukaryotes simultaneously inferred from sequences and their individual secondary structures
Authors: Rapp Eva , Wolf Matthias 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objective
The eukaryotic tree of life has been subject of numerous studies ever since the nineteenth century, with more supergroups and their sister relations being decoded in the last years. In this study, we reconstructed the phylogeny of eukaryotes using complete 18S rDNA sequences and their individual secondary structures simultaneously. After the sequence-structure data was encoded, it was automatically aligned and analyzed using sequence-only as well as sequence-structure approaches. We present overall neighbor-joining trees of 211 eukaryotes as well as the respective profile neighbor-joining trees, which helped to resolve the basal branching pattern. A manually chosen subset was further inspected using neighbor-joining, maximum parsimony, and maximum likelihood analyses. Additionally, the 75 and 100 percent consensus structures of the subset were predicted.

Results
All sequence-structure approaches show improvements compared to the respective sequence-only approaches: the average bootstrap support per node of the sequence-structure profile neighbor-joining analyses with 90.3, was higher than the average bootstrap support of the sequence-only profile neighbor-joining analysis with 73.9. Also, the subset analyses using sequence-structure data were better supported. Furthermore, more subgroups of the supergroups were recovered as monophyletic and sister group relations were much more comparable to results as obtained by multi-marker analyses.
Leveraging logical definitions and lexical features to detect missing IS-A relations in biomedical terminologies
Authors: Abeysinghe Rashmie , Zheng Fengbo , Shi Jay , Lhatoo Samden D. , Cui Licong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBiomedical terminologies play a vital role in managing biomedical data. Missing IS-A relations in a biomedical terminology could be detrimental to its downstream usages. In this paper, we investigate an approach combining logical definitions and lexical features to discover missing IS-A relations in two biomedical terminologies: SNOMED CT and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) thesaurus. The method is applied to unrelated concept-pairs within non-lattice subgraphs: graph fragments within a terminology likely to contain various inconsistencies. Our approach first compares whether the logical definition of a concept is more general than that of the other concept. Then, we check whether the lexical features of the concept are contained in those of the other concept. If both constraints are satisfied, we suggest a potentially missing IS-A relation between the two concepts. The method identified 982 potential missing IS-A relations for SNOMED CT and 100 for NCI thesaurus. In order to assess the efficacy of our approach, a random sample of results belonging to the “Clinical Findings” and “Procedure” subhierarchies of SNOMED CT and results belonging to the “Drug, Food, Chemical or Biomedical Material” subhierarchy of the NCI thesaurus were evaluated by domain experts. The evaluation results revealed that 118 out of 150 suggestions are valid for SNOMED CT and 17 out of 20 are valid for NCI thesaurus.
Online dynamic multi-user computation offloading and resource allocation for HAP-assisted MEC: an energy efficient approach
Authors: Chen Sihan , Jiang Wanchun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNowadays, the paradigm of mobile computing is evolving from a centralized cloud model towards Mobile Edge Computing (MEC). In regions without ground communication infrastructure, incorporating aerial edge computing nodes into network emerges as an efficient approach to deliver Artificial Intelligence (AI) services to Ground Devices (GDs). The computation offloading and resource allocation problem within a HAP-assisted MEC system is investigated in this paper. Our goal is to minimize the energy consumption. Considering the randomness and dynamism of the task arrival of GDs and the quality of wireless communication, stochastic optimization techniques are utilized to transform the long-term dynamic optimization problem into a deterministic optimization problem. Subsequently, the problem is further decomposed into three sub-problems which can be solved in parallel. An online Energy Efficient Dynamic Offloading (EEDO) algorithm is proposed to address these problems. Then, we conduct the theoretical performance analysis for EEDO. Finally, we carry out parameter analysis and comparative experiments, demonstrating that the EEDO algorithm can effectively reduce system energy consumption while maintaining the stability of the system.
Patient-specific beta-tricalcium phosphate scaffold for customized alveolar ridge augmentation: a case report
Authors: Schönegg Daphne , Essig Harald , Al-Haj Husain Adib , Weber Franz E. , Valdec Silvio 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) is a biocompatible ceramic material widely used in the field of oral regeneration. Due to its excellent biological and mechanical properties, it is increasingly utilized for alveolar ridge augmentation or guided bone regeneration (GBR). With recent advances in computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM), β-TCP can now be used in the form of digitally designed patient-specific scaffolds for customized bone regeneration (CBR) of advanced defects in a two-stage implant therapy concept. In this case report following the CARE case report guidelines, we present a novel application of a patient-specific β-TCP scaffold in pre-implant mandibular alveolar ridge augmentation.

Case presentation
A 63-year-old female patient with significant horizontal bone loss in the posterior mandible was treated with a custom β-TCP scaffold in the context of a two-stage backward-planned implant therapy. Cone-beam computed tomography nine months after augmentation showed successful integration of the scaffold into the surrounding bone, allowing implant placement. Follow-up until two years after initial surgery showed excellent oral and peri-implant health.

Conclusions
This case highlights the potential of patient-specific β-TCP scaffolds for alveolar ridge augmentation and their advantage over traditional techniques, including avoidance of xeno-, allo-, and autografts. The results provide encouraging evidence for their use in clinical practice. Patient-specific β-TCP scaffolds may be a promising alternative for clinicians seeking to provide their patients with safe, predictable, and effective alveolar ridge augmentation results in customized bone regeneration procedures.
A case of dumbbell-shaped accessory scrotum with concomitant lipoma
Authors: Ibuka Souji , Saka Ryuta , Sonobe Hiroshi , Tsukada Ryo , Iwasaki Shun , Omote Rika 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Accessory scrotum is a congenital scrotal anomaly that is usually located anterior to the anus and frequently presents with a lipoma in a bead-like shape. Herein, we present an unusual case of an accessory scrotum with a lipoma connected by a narrow stalk and located posterior to the anus.

Case presentation
A 1-month-old boy was referred to our hospital for a perineal mass present at birth. He was born at 37 weeks and 2 days, with a birth weight of 2962 g. No abnormalities occurred during the perinatal period, and the birth was uneventful. The mass had an unusual shape, comprising two masses connected by a narrow stalk. The base of the mass was posterior to the anus and was connected to the rectal mucosa. The proximal mass was elastic and soft without skinfolds, whereas the distal mass was elastic and soft with a scrotum-like skinfolds. Magnetic resonance imaging showed no spina bifida. High-intensity adipose tissues in both masses and low-intensity vessels or fibrous stroma in cord-like structures between the two masses were found on T2-weighted images. At 3 months of age, the patient underwent resection in the prone jackknife position. No tumorous lesions were connected to the mass on the rectal and coccyx sides, and the mass was completely removed, preserving the anal sphincter. Histologically, the distal mass had characteristics of a scrotum, whereas the proximal mass was exclusively a lipoma. The connecting stalk had normal skin structures and a blood vessel with parallel-running nerve bundles. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was discharged on postoperative day 6.

Conclusions
This case of accessory scrotum was unusual in its location and the presence of a stalk connecting the accessory scrotum and lipoma. The mechanism underlying accessory scrotum development remains unclear, and our report may impact the discourse regarding the embryological development of the accessory scrotum.
A feasibility and pilot study of a “lifelong learning” intervention for people with dementia
Authors: Soerensen Ann Lykkegaard , Thoft Diana Schack , Ward Alison , Campbell Jackie 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Developing evidence for the use of psychosocial interventions for people with dementia is a research priority. This pilot study aimed to provide variability estimates for a set of outcome measures that would inform the development of a more extensive controlled study. The larger study will seek to explore the effect of attending a lifelong learning intervention for people with dementia compared to receiving treatment as usual. This pilot and feasibility stage also analysed how data collectors and researchers evaluated the use of the outcome measures in a sample of people with mild to moderate dementia.

Methods
Before initiating the pilot study, a participant consultation was conducted with people with dementia, who attend a lifelong learning service known as a dementia school, and their teachers. From this consultation, the research outcomes identified were the mini-mental state examination (MMSE), Quality-of-Life Alzheimer’s Disease (QoL-AD), General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE), Rosenberg self-esteem scale, and the Friendship scale. The following study was divided into two steps. In step 1, participants were people with dementia attending a dementia school (intervention group) or usual services (control group). The participants were tested at baseline and at a 6-month follow-up. Data were collected between November 2018 and July 2019. In step 2, feasibility and acceptability issues with the recruitment of participants, data collection process, and outcome measures, identified in step 1, were evaluated through a data collector focus group.

Results
Fifty-five people with dementia were included in the analysis. Step 1 provided estimates of changes from baseline to follow-up, and ancillary standard deviations were supplied for all outcome measures. Step 2 provided reflections on the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention, data collection, and outcome measures. This included views on how people with dementia experience participating in a test situation.

Conclusions
This study provided estimates of change and variability in the outcome measures. Additionally, issues regarding data collection were identified and should be addressed in future studies. The project demonstrated how to support people with dementia to participate in research that is meaningful to them.

Trial registration
According to national legislation, registration with a database of clinical studies was optional, as the study evaluated existing activities rather than a clinical intervention.
Diffusion probabilistic versus generative adversarial models to reduce contrast agent dose in breast MRI
Authors: Müller-Franzes Gustav , Huck Luisa , Bode Maike , Nebelung Sven , Kuhl Christiane , Truhn Daniel , Lemainque Teresa 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
To compare denoising diffusion probabilistic models (DDPM) and generative adversarial networks (GAN) for recovering contrast-enhanced breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) subtraction images from virtual low-dose subtraction images.

Methods
Retrospective, ethically approved study. DDPM- and GAN-reconstructed single-slice subtraction images of 50 breasts with enhancing lesions were compared to original ones at three dose levels (25%, 10%, 5%) using quantitative measures and radiologic evaluations. Two radiologists stated their preference based on the reconstruction quality and scored the lesion conspicuity as compared to the original, blinded to the model. Fifty lesion-free maximum intensity projections were evaluated for the presence of false-positives. Results were compared between models and dose levels, using generalized linear mixed models.

Results
At 5% dose, both radiologists preferred the GAN-generated images, whereas at 25% dose, both radiologists preferred the DDPM-generated images. Median lesion conspicuity scores did not differ between GAN and DDPM at 25% dose (5 versus 5, p = 1.000) and 10% dose (4 versus 4, p = 1.000). At 5% dose, both readers assigned higher conspicuity to the GAN than to the DDPM (3 versus 2, p = 0.007). In the lesion-free examinations, DDPM and GAN showed no differences in the false-positive rate at 5% (15% versus 22%), 10% (10% versus 6%), and 25% (6% versus 4%) (p = 1.000).

Conclusions
Both GAN and DDPM yielded promising results in low-dose image reconstruction. However, neither of them showed superior results over the other model for all dose levels and evaluation metrics. Further development is needed to counteract false-positives.

Relevance statement
For MRI-based breast cancer screening, reducing the contrast agent dose is desirable. Diffusion probabilistic models and generative adversarial networks were capable of retrospectively enhancing the signal of low-dose images. Hence, they may supplement imaging with reduced doses in the future.

Key points
• Deep learning may help recover signal in low-dose contrast-enhanced breast MRI.
• Two models (DDPM and GAN) were trained at different dose levels.
• Radiologists preferred DDPM at 25%, and GAN images at 5% dose.
• Lesion conspicuity between DDPM and GAN was similar, except at 5% dose.
• GAN and DDPM yield promising results in low-dose image reconstruction.

Graphical Abstract