bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An observational study protocol to capture, validate and characterise lucid episodes in people living with advanced dementia receiving hospice care
Authors: Gilmore-Bykovskyi Andrea , Dillon Kayla , Coulson Alison , Fehland Jess , Benson Clark , Sanson-Miles Leah , Mueller Kimberly 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionLucid episodes (LEs) in advanced neurodegenerative disease, characterised by a transient recovery of abilities, have been reported across neurological conditions, including Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. Evidence on LEs in dementia is extremely limited and draws predominantly from retrospective case reports. Lucidity in dementia has received growing attention given the clinical, caregiving and potential epidemiological implications of even a temporary return of abilities in advanced disease. Following a funding initiative by the National Institute on Aging, several new investigations are focused on establishing foundational evidence on lucidity in dementia. The objectives of this study are to capture, characterise and validate potential LEs via audiovisual observation, computational linguistic and timed-event coding of audiovisual data, and informant case review for face validation of LEs.Methods and analysisThis prospective multifaceted observational study will investigate LEs in advanced dementia through longitudinal audiovisual observation within an inpatient hospice unit. Audiovisual data will be coded to generate variables of participant verbal output, verbal expressions, non-verbal communicative actions and functional behaviours to enable measurement of features that can be used to characterise LEs. Multiple methods will be used to identify potential LEs including field interviews with caregivers/clinicians who witness significant events during data collection, reports from research staff who witness significant events during data collection and detection by researchers during video data processing procedures. Potential LEs will undergo a structured case review with informants familiar with the participant to facilitate validation and enable triangulation across measures generated through coding.Ethics and disseminationThis study will be conducted in accordance with all Federal Policies for the Protection of Human Subjects and the protocol (ID 2021-1243) has been approved by the University of Wisconsin-Madison Institutional Review Board. Findings will be disseminated via scientific conferences, journal publications and newsletters shared with participants and through dementia-focused and caregiver-focused networks.
Enhancing thromboresistance of neurovascular nickel-titanium devices with responsive heparin hydrogel coatings
Authors: Maitz Manfred F , Kaiser Daniel P O , Cuberi Ani , Weich Hernández Rafaela , Mühl-Benninghaus Ruben , Tomori Toshiki , Gawlitza Matthias 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundNeurointerventional devices, particularly laser-cut thin-strut stents made of self-expanding nickel-titanium alloy, are increasingly utilized for endovascular applications in intracranial arteries and dural venous sinuses. Preventing thrombosis and stroke necessitates systemic anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapies with the risk of bleeding complications. Antithrombotic coatings present a promising solution.MethodsIn this study, we investigated the potential of hydrogels composed of four-armed poly(ethylene glycol) (starPEG) and heparin, with or without coagulation-responsive heparin release, as coatings for neurovascular devices to mitigate blood clot formation. We evaluated the feasibility and efficacy of these coatings on neurovascular devices through in vitro Chandler-Loop assays and implantation experiments in the supra-aortic arteries of rabbits.ResultsStable and coagulation-responsive starPEG-heparin hydrogel coatings exhibited antithrombotic efficacy in vitro, although with a slightly reduced thromboprotection observed in vivo. Furthermore, the hydrogel coatings demonstrated robustness against shear forces encountered during deployment and elicited only marginal humoral and cellular inflammatory responses compared with the reference standards.ConclusionHeparin hydrogel coatings offer promising benefits for enhancing the hemocompatibility of neurointerventional devices made of self-expanding nickel-titanium alloy. The variance in performance between in vitro and in vivo settings may be attributed to differences in low- and high-shear blood flow conditions inherent to these models. These models may represent the differences in venous and arterial systems. Further optimization is warranted to tailor the hydrogel coatings for improved efficacy in arterial applications.
Exploring the dynamics of a four-dimensional Chua-like system: Numerical simulations and hardware investigations
Authors: Antunes Vinicius F. R. , Manchein Cesar , Albuquerque Holokx A. , Mello Luis Fernando , Hoff Anderson 
Published: May 2024

In this work, we employ simulations to investigate deterministic and stochastic dynamics of a system governed by four coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) derived from the canonical three-dimensional Chua model, replacing the piecewise nonlinearity with a cubic function. We employed two simulation approaches: (i) using software — where we performed numerical simulations (digital computation) in the ODEs model, and (ii) using hardware — where we performed experimental studies (analog computation) in the ODEs model. In the initial software-based approach for simulations, we performed stability and bifurcation analyses of the trivial equilibrium point, which were analytically conducted, along with the numerical continuation method. We solved the model using digital computation and explored its intricate dynamical behavior through nonlinear dynamics techniques applied to the parameter planes. In the second approach, employing hardware for simulations through analog computation, we designed an electronic circuit using analog electronics to solve the model in a continuous-time integration. The experimental setup mirrored the numerical simulations, yielding comparable results in terms of dynamical behaviors. This study underscores significant agreement between numerical and experimental findings, highlighting the robustness of the model across digital and analog contexts and offering practical insights into the various nonlinear dynamics presented in this system.
Diagnosis of Arrhythmia from Compressively Sensed ECG Signals Using Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Mathew Nimmy Ann , Jose Renu 
Published: May 2024

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent a significant health concern in the present era, with Electrocardiogram (ECG) serving as a crucial bio-signal for their detection. Efficient health monitoring necessitates rapid and precise diagnosis, thereby mandating the utilization of Compressive Sensing (CS) alongside Machine Learning (ML) algorithms. CS functions as a sensing methodology that reduces sample numbers by capturing sparse or compressible representations, simplifying and expediting the acquisition process. In this proposed study, ECG signals are compressively sensed and preprocessed using CS reconstruction algorithms, followed by the application of various ML algorithms for diagnostic purposes. The assessment of the reconstructed ECG signal entails the assessment of Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) values and Percentage Root-mean-square Difference (PRD). Concurrently, ML algorithms are evaluated based on metrics including accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity. This work demonstrates exceptional performance in terms of acquisition time and computational complexity through the application of CS technology. Comparative analysis with the existing methodologies for CVD diagnosis reveals the proposed approach’s remarkable efficacy. Notably, the reduction in data volume and hardware complexity serves as a significant advantage over conventional methods. The integration of CS and ML algorithms in the proposed methodology proves highly effective in diagnosing CVDs, achieving a classification accuracy of 94.7%. These results underscore the methodology’s ability to deliver both speed and accuracy in diagnosis, positioning it as a promising approach for health monitoring.
OPTIMIZING LOCATIONS FOR RECORDING BIOMECHANICAL AND VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES OF SOLEUS MUSCLE AND PLANTAR FASCIA
Authors: Muckelt Paul E. , Wragg Naomi , Hussey Charlotte , Bigg Gemma , Haysom Abigail , Heinel Isabel , Brown Simon , Stokes Maria , Warner Martin B. 
Published: May 2024

Introduction: MyotonPRO technology is a clinically accessible tool for objectively monitoring the biomechanical and viscoelastic properties of musculoskeletal tissues. This study aimed to identify the level of accuracy needed for recording from specified measurement sites on the soleus muscle and plantar fascia (PF), which are important for postural control and gait. Methods: In 20 healthy adults, MyotonPRO measurements were taken 1 cm above and below a standardized point on the soleus and PF. Ultrasound scans were also taken at each site to measure subcutaneous tissue thickness to aid interpretation of MyotonPRO findings. Results: Biomechanical and viscoelastic properties of the soleus and PF, measured using the MyotonPRO, were not affected by the change in the recording site. Subcutaneous tissue thickness above the PF changed significantly ([Formula: see text] < 0.001) by 0.61 cm when moving distally by 2 cm, whilst above the soleus, these did not differ significantly ([Formula: see text] = 0.175) when moving distally by 2 cm. Conclusion: Changing the recording site 1 cm above or below the standardized site did not affect either the MyotonPRO results (soleus and PF) or ultrasound results for soleus, whilst this same distance affected ultrasound measurements of subcutaneous tissue thickness above the PF significantly. Moving away from the musculoskeletal junction reduces the need for precision in relocating the recording site for measuring soleus. These findings allow for quicker and easier measurement of soleus or PF using the MyotonPRO.
Communication Complexity of the Secret Key Agreement in Algorithmic Information Theory
Authors: Gürpιnar Emirhan , Romashchenko Andrei 
Published: May 2024

It is known that the mutual information, in the sense of Kolmogorov complexity, of any pair of strings
x
and
y
is equal to the length of the longest shared secret key that two parties can establish via a probabilistic protocol with interaction on a public channel, assuming that the parties hold as their inputs
x
and
y
, respectively. We determine the worst-case communication complexity of this problem for the setting where the parties can use private sources of random bits.

We show that for some
x
,
y
the communication complexity of the secret key agreement does not decrease even if the parties have to agree on a secret key, the size of which is much smaller than the mutual information between
x
and
y
. However, we discuss a natural class of
x
,
y
such that the communication complexity of the protocol declines gradually with the size of the derived secret key.

The proof of the main result uses the spectral properties of appropriate graphs and the expander mixing lemma, as well as information-theoretic techniques, including constraint information inequalities and Muchnik’s conditional descriptions.
A preliminary version of this article was published in the proceedings of MFCS 2020. In the present version, we give full proofs of all theorems and get rid of the assumption that the number of random bits used in the communication protocols is polynomial.
‘Of Polish Skies and Manners’: Baroque Rhythms with a Dutch Twist
Authors: Popoviciu Laura-Maria 
Published: May 2024

Summary
On 1 October 2004, a new Royal Netherlands Embassy building opened in Warsaw, Poland. Its striking, contemporary appearance surprises and seduces at the same time: glass, concrete and wood artfully intersect in a sophisticated design that champions transparency and openness. This four-year building project commissioned by the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs was entrusted to the highly acclaimed Dutch architect Erick van Egeraat (b. 1956). His carefully conceived architectural programme invites a wider discussion on the ways in which embassy architecture can support the aspirations of modern diplomacy. To this end, this article situates the Dutch Embassy building within the wider context of Dutch–Polish diplo-matic relations and examines how its design contributes to defining the practice of Dutch diplomacy. It also proposes a comparative view of trends within Dutch embassy architecture by considering other contemporary ex-amples in South America, Central Europe and Africa.
Warring Emotions: Anger, Settler Colonialism and Racecraft in Sixteenth-Century Florida
Authors: Martel Heather 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This is an emotional history of an emotional alliance of French and Indigenous warriors who united to avenge the Spanish massacre of the Huguenot Fort Caroline in Florida in 1565. In this alliance, Indigenous fury was normalised when it served French Protestant interests. However, Protestant representations of Spanish and Indigenous rage used for the black legend presently came to found racist arguments for structural violence in settler colonialism and American white supremacy that are gendered and rooted in bodies. To explain, this essay sets this revenge story within the logics of the sixteenth-century French emotional regime.
Learned 1D Passive Scalar Advection to Accelerate Chemical Transport Modeling: A Case Study with GEOS-FP Horizontal Wind Fields
Authors: Park Manho , Zheng Zhonghua , Riemer Nicole , Tessum Christopher W. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We developed and applied a machine-learned discretization for one-dimensional (1D) horizontal passive scalar advection, which is an operator component common to all chemical transport models (CTMs). Our learned advection scheme resembles a second-order accurate, three-stencil numerical solver but differs from a traditional solver in that coefficients for each equation term are output by a neural network rather than being theoretically derived constants. We subsampled higher-resolution simulation results—resulting in up to 16× larger grid size and 64× larger time step—and trained our neural-network-based scheme to match the subsampled integration data. In this way, we created an operator that has low resolution (in time or space) but can reproduce the behavior of a high-resolution traditional solver. Our model shows high fidelity in reproducing its training dataset (a single 10-day 1D simulation) and is similarly accurate in simulations with unseen initial conditions, wind fields, and grid spacing. In many cases, our learned solver is more accurate than a low-resolution version of the reference solver, but the low-resolution reference solver achieves greater computational speedup (500× acceleration) over the high-resolution simulation than the learned solver is able to (18× acceleration). Surprisingly, our learned 1D scheme—when combined with a splitting technique—can be used to predict 2D advection and is in some cases more stable and accurate than the low-resolution reference solver in 2D. Overall, our results suggest that learned advection operators may offer a higher-accuracy method for accelerating CTM simulations as compared to simply running a traditional integrator at low resolution.

Significance Statement
Chemical transport modeling (CTM) is an essential tool for studying air pollution. CTM simulations take a long computing time. Modeling pollutant transport (advection) is the second most computationally intensive part of the model. Decreasing the resolution not only reduces the advection computing time but also decreases accuracy. We employed machine learning to reduce the resolution of advection while keeping the accuracy. We verified the robustness of our solver with several generalization testing scenarios. In our 2D simulation, our solver showed up to 100 times faster simulation with fair accuracy. Integrating our approach to existing CTMs will allow broadened participation in the study of air pollution and related solutions.
Experiment of Sea Breeze Convection, Aerosols, Precipitation, and Environment (ESCAPE)
Authors: Kollias Pavlos , McFarquhar Greg M. , Bruning Eric , DeMott Paul J. , Kumjian Matthew R. , Lawson Paul , Lebo Zachary , Logan Timothy , Lombardo Kelly , Oue Mariko , Roberts Greg , Shaw Raymond A. , van den Heever Susan C. , Wolde Mengistu , Barry Kevin R. , Bodine David , Bruintjes Roelof , Chandrasekar Venkatachalam , Dzambo Andrew , Hill Thomas C. J. , Jensen Michael , Junyent Francesc , Kreidenweis Sonia M. , Lamer Katia , Luke Edward , Bansemer Aaron , McCluskey Christina , Nichman Leonid , Nguyen Cuong , Patnaude Ryan J. , Perkins Russell J. , Powers Heath , Ranjbar Keyvan , Roux Eric , Snyder Jeffrey , Treserras Bernat P. , Tsai Peisang , Wales Nathan A. , Wolf Cory , Allwayin Nithin , Ascher Ben , Barr Jason , Hu Yishi , Huang Yongjie , Litzmann Miles , Mages Zackary , McKeown Katherine , Patil Saurabh , Rosky Elise , Tuftedal Kristofer , Tzeng Min-Duan , Zhu Zeen 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Convective clouds play an important role in Earth’s climate system and are a known source of extreme weather. Gaps in our understanding of convective vertical motions, microphysics, and precipitation across a full range of aerosol and meteorological regimes continue to limit our ability to predict the occurrence and intensity of these cloud systems. To improve predictability, the National Science Foundation (NSF) sponsored a large field experiment entitled “Experiment of Sea Breeze Convection, Aerosols, Precipitation, and Environment (ESCAPE).” ESCAPE took place between 30 May and 30 September 2022 in the vicinity of Houston, Texas, because this area frequently experiences isolated deep convection that interacts with the region’s mesoscale circulations and its range of aerosol conditions. ESCAPE focused on collecting observations of isolated deep convection through innovative sampling and developing novel analysis techniques. This included the deployment of two research aircraft, the National Research Council of Canada Convair-580 and the Stratton Park Engineering Company Learjet, which combined conducted 24 research flights from 30 May to 17 June. On the ground, three mobile X-band radars and one mobile Doppler lidar truck equipped with soundings were deployed from 30 May to 28 June. From 1 August to 30 September 2022, a dual-polarization C-band radar was deployed and operated using a novel, multisensor agile adaptive sampling strategy to track the entire life cycle of isolated convective clouds. Analysis of the ESCAPE observations has already yielded preliminary findings on how aerosols and environmental conditions impact the convective life cycle.
A Regional Analysis of the Impacts of Changes in Housing Values on Property Tax Assessment During and After the 2008 Financial Crisis
Authors: Deng Yunni , Skidmore Mark 
Published: May 2024

This study examines the relationship between changing house prices and assessed value in the Detroit Michigan region. Using parcel-level data from 2008 through 2016, we construct a Hedonic Housing Price Index and an Assessed Value Index for 120 Michigan assessing jurisdictions in the five-county region surrounding Detroit (Macomb, Monroe, Oakland, Washtenaw, and Wayne). Our findings are consistent with the literature, indicating at least a three-year lag between changes in house prices and changes in property assessments. Communities considered to be distressed tended to over-assess properties before the crisis, but these communities recalibrated assessments to better align with market conditions after the financial crisis. Our evaluation also shows that while assessed values decreased more slowly than housing prices fell during the crisis, assessed values tended to fall to even deeper levels than housing prices over a longer time horizon. JEL Codes: H71, H83, G01
Outcomes following additional drainage during veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A single-center retrospective study
Authors: Dave Sagar B , Leiendecker Eric , Creel-Bulos Christina , Miller Casey Frost , Boorman David W , Javidfar Jeffrey , Attia Tamer , Daneshmand Mani , Jabaley Craig S , Caridi-Schieble Mark 
Published: May 2024

Refractory hypoxemia during veno-venous (V-V) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) may require an additional cannula (VV-V ECMO) to improve oxygenation. This intervention includes risk of recirculation and other various adverse events (AEs) such as injury to the lung, cannula malpositioning, bleeding, circuit or cannula thrombosis requiring intervention (i.e., clot), or cerebral injury. During the study period, 23 of 142 V-V ECMO patients were converted to VV-V utilizing two separate cannulas for bi-caval drainage with an additional upper extremity cannula placed for return. Of those, 21 had COVID-19. In the first 24 h after conversion, ECMO flow rates were higher (5.96 vs 5.24 L/min, p = .002) with no significant change in pump speed (3764 vs 3630 revolutions per minute [RPMs], p = .42). Arterial oxygenation (PaO2) increased (87 vs 64 mmHg, p < .0001) with comparable pre-oxygenator venous saturation (61 vs 53.3, p = .12). By day 5, flows were similar to pre-conversion values at lower pump speed but with improved PaO2. Unadjusted survival was similar in those converted to VV-V ECMO compared to V-V ECMO alone (70% [16/23] vs 66.4% [79/119], p = .77). In a mixed effect regression model, any incidence of AEs, demonstrated a negative impact on PaO2 in the first 48 h but not at day 5. VV-V ECMO improved oxygenation with increasing flows without a significant difference in AEs or pump speed. AEs transiently impacted oxygenation. VV-V ECMO is effective and feasible strategy for refractory hypoxemia on VV-ECMO allowing for higher flow rate and unchanged pump speed.
Hybrid extracorporeal cannulation for aortic root pseudoaneurysm re-operation: The role of a multidisciplinary team
Authors: Franzese Ilaria , Gripshi Florida , Anzini Marco , Mazzaro Enzo 
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Adequate cerebral protection for aortic reoperation is challenging and optimal technique is still controversial. Case Report: We report a hybrid cannulation approach to achieve safe cerebral protection during circulatory arrest to repair an aortic root pseudoaneurysm. Conclusion: A multidisciplinary approach combining conventional techniques and interventional expertise could be considered in complex aortic scenario.
Impact of education and clinic site champion on extragenital testing for sexually transmitted infections
Authors: Cunningham Victoria C , Hurdelbrink Jonathan , Smith Hayden L , Sittig Katherine R , Veach Lisa A 
Published: May 2024

Background Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are on the rise in the United States. Infections at extragenital (EG) sites (throat or rectum) may serve as an overlooked reservoir for STIs. The aims of this project were to determine the proportion of patients receiving EG testing and to observe the impact of an educational intervention. Methods Phase I included four urgent care clinics and baseline data for adults receiving STI testing ( Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae). Clinics received access to an educational presentation regarding the importance of EG testing. Two of these clinics served as pilot sites for the implementation of self-collection kits. Phase II involved further expansion and utilization of clinic site champions. Results Phase I baseline data indicated that less than 1% of samples from patients receiving STI testing were from EG sites. There was an increase in EG testing after the educational intervention and implementation of self-collection kits. A larger increase in EG testing was seen after utilization of a site champion in Phase II. Conclusion EG infections serve as a potential source for STI transmission which makes multi-site testing necessary. Our interventions to improve EG testing were most effective in Phase II after implementing a clinic site champion.