bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving image quality of sparse-view lung tumor CT images with U-Net
Authors: Ries Annika , Dorosti Tina , Thalhammer Johannes , Sasse Daniel , Sauter Andreas , Meurer Felix , Benne Ashley , Lasser Tobias , Pfeiffer Franz , Schaff Florian , Pfeiffer Daniela 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
We aimed to improve the image quality (IQ) of sparse-view computed tomography (CT) images using a U-Net for lung metastasis detection and determine the best tradeoff between number of views, IQ, and diagnostic confidence.

Methods
CT images from 41 subjects aged 62.8 ± 10.6 years (mean ± standard deviation, 23 men), 34 with lung metastasis, 7 healthy, were retrospectively selected (2016–2018) and forward projected onto 2,048-view sinograms. Six corresponding sparse-view CT data subsets at varying levels of undersampling were reconstructed from sinograms using filtered backprojection with 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, and 512 views. A dual-frame U-Net was trained and evaluated for each subsampling level on 8,658 images from 22 diseased subjects. A representative image per scan was selected from 19 subjects (12 diseased, 7 healthy) for a single-blinded multireader study. These slices, for all levels of subsampling, with and without U-Net postprocessing, were presented to three readers. IQ and diagnostic confidence were ranked using predefined scales. Subjective nodule segmentation was evaluated using sensitivity and Dice similarity coefficient (DSC); clustered Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used.

Results
The 64-projection sparse-view images resulted in 0.89 sensitivity and 0.81 DSC, while their counterparts, postprocessed with the U-Net, had improved metrics (0.94 sensitivity and 0.85 DSC) (p = 0.400). Fewer views led to insufficient IQ for diagnosis. For increased views, no substantial discrepancies were noted between sparse-view and postprocessed images.

Conclusions
Projection views can be reduced from 2,048 to 64 while maintaining IQ and the confidence of the radiologists on a satisfactory level.

Relevance statement
Our reader study demonstrates the benefit of U-Net postprocessing for regular CT screenings of patients with lung metastasis to increase the IQ and diagnostic confidence while reducing the dose.

Key points
• Sparse-projection-view streak artifacts reduce the quality and usability of sparse-view CT images.
• U-Net-based postprocessing removes sparse-view artifacts while maintaining diagnostically accurate IQ.
• Postprocessed sparse-view CTs drastically increase radiologists’ confidence in diagnosing lung metastasis.

Graphical Abstract
IgG4-related disease—rare but you should not forget it
Authors: Pinheiro Frederico Augusto Gurgel , Pereira Ivanio Alves , de Souza Alexandre Wagner Silva , Giardini Henrique Ayres Mayrink , Cordeiro Rafael Alves 
Published: May 2024

AbstractImmunoglobulin G4-related disease is a systemic immune-mediated disease with insidious evolution characterized by fibroinflammatory lesions over virtually any organ system. Despite the remarkable progression of knowledge, its etiology remains undefined. Due to its relapse-remitting pattern, it could accumulate irreversible damage, increasing comorbidities and mortality. This paper emphasizes key concepts for diagnosing and treating patients with this condition.
Revealing the complex role of CDKL5 in developmental epilepsy through a calcium channel related vision
Authors: Yan Mengqi , Guo Xiongfeng , Xu Cenglin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDevelopmental and epileptic encephalopathies are severe neurological conditions in clinical practice, among which loss-of-function mutations in brain-enriched serine-threonine kinase cyclin dependent kinase like-5 (CDKL5) exists as one of the most common types. It is unknown, therefore, how precisely CDKL5 mutations lead to neuronal hyper-excitation. A recent study that looked at the connection between voltage-gated calcium channel Cav2.3 and CDKL5 in an experimental context was published in Nature Communications. This study has revealed that Cav2.3, a physiological phosphorylation target of CDKL5, would show delayed inactivation and increased cholinergic stimulation in CDKL5 knock out conditions. This would in turn cause neuronal hyperexcitability and related enhanced seizure susceptibility. This work, in our opinion, provided fresh insight into the epileptic encephalopathies linked to CDKL5 and highlighted Cav2.3 as a possible target for it.
Critical complex network structures in animal gastrointestinal tract microbiomes
Authors: Ma Zhanshan , Shi Peng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Living things from microbes to their hosts (plants, animals and humans) interact with each other, and their relationships may be described with complex network models. The present study focuses on the critical network structures, specifically the core/periphery nodes and backbones (paths of high-salience skeletons) in animal gastrointestinal microbiomes (AGMs) networks. The core/periphery network (CPN) mirrors nearly ubiquitous nestedness in ecological communities, particularly dividing the network as densely interconnected core-species and periphery-species that only sparsely linked to the core. Complementarily, the high-salience skeleton network (HSN) mirrors the pervasive asymmetrical species interactions (strictly microbial species correlations), particularly forming heterogenous pathways in AGM networks with both “backbones” and “rural roads” (regular or weak links). While the cores and backbones can act as critical functional structures, the periphery nodes and weak links may stabilize network functionalities through redundancy.

Results
Here, we build and analyze 36 pairs of CPN/HSN for the AGMs based on 4903 gastrointestinal-microbiome samples containing 473,359 microbial species collected from 318 animal species covering all vertebrate and four major invertebrate classes. The network analyses were performed at host species, order, class, phylum, kingdom scales and diet types with selected and comparative taxon pairs. Besides diet types, the influence of host phylogeny, measured with phylogenetic (evolutionary) timeline or “age”, were integrated into the analyses. For example, it was found that the evolutionary trends of three primary microbial phyla (Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes/Proteobacteria) and their pairwise abundance-ratios in animals do not mirror the patterns in modern humans phylogenetically, although they are consistent in terms of diet types.

Conclusions
Overall, the critical network structures of AGMs are qualitatively and structurally similar to those of the human gut microbiomes. Nevertheless, it appears that the critical composition (the three phyla of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria) in human gut microbiomes has broken the evolutionary trend from animals to humans, possibly attributable to the Anthropocene epoch and reflecting the far-reaching influences of agriculture and industrial revolution on the human gut microbiomes. The influences may have led to the deviations between modern humans and our hunter-gather ancestors and animals.
Association between childhood maltreatment and suicidal ideation among Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia: the mediating role of insomnia
Authors: Hao Yuzhu , Peng Pu , Wang Qianjin , Zhou Yanan , Chen Shubao , Wu Qiuxia , Liu Tieqiao , Zhang Xiangyang 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundChildhood maltreatment is a well-established transdiagnostic risk factor for suicidal ideation; however, previous studies on their association in schizophrenia have produced highly varied results. Moreover, the mechanism linking childhood maltreatment and suicide ideation remains unclear in schizophrenia.AimsThis cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between childhood maltreatment and suicide ideation in people with schizophrenia and tested whether insomnia mediated this relationship.MethodPositive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire – Short Form and Beck Suicidal Ideation Inventory were employed. Logistic regression and mediation analysis were performed.Results(a) The prevalence of suicide ideation, insomnia, sexual abuse, emotional neglect, emotional abuse, physical abuse and physical neglect was 10% (n = 61), 18% (n = 111), 11% (n = 68), 25% (n = 153), 6.3% (n = 39), 17% (n = 106) and 39% (n = 239), respectively. In all, 52% (n = 320) reported childhood maltreatment; (b) patients with suicide ideation demonstrated higher insomnia and childhood maltreatment. PANSS depression factor, ISI, lifetime suicidal attempts and emotional abuse were independently associated with suicide ideation; (c) insomnia partially mediated the effects of emotional abuse and emotional neglect on suicide ideation, and insomnia completely mediated the effects of physical neglect and physical abuse on suicide ideation.ConclusionOur study calls for formal assessments for childhood maltreatment and insomnia in schizophrenia, which might help identify suicide ideation early. In addition, interventions targeting insomnia might help reduce suicide ideation among people with schizophrenia who experience childhood maltreatment.
Characterization of Pediatric Infratentorial Arteriovenous Malformations: A Retrospective, Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Calafiore Rebecca , Burke Rebecca M. , Becerril-Gaitan Andrea , Chen Ching-Jen , Oravec Chesney S. , Belanger Katherine , Ding Dale , Yang Huai-che , Kondziolka Douglas , Mathieu David , Iorio-Morin Christian , Grills Inga S. , Feliciano Caleb , Barnett Gene , Starke Robert M. , Lunsford L. Dade , Sheehan Jason P. 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Infratentorial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) harbor different characteristics compared with supratentorial AVMs. This study aims to explore the unique characteristics of pediatric infratentorial AVMs and their response to single session stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS).

METHODS:
The International Radiosurgery Research Foundation database of pediatric patients with AVM (age <18 years) who underwent SRS was retrospectively reviewed. Baseline demographics, AVM characteristics, outcomes, and complications post-SRS were compared between infratentorial and supratentorial pediatric AVMs. Unfavorable outcome was defined as the absence of AVM obliteration, post-SRS hemorrhage, or permanent radiation-induced changes at last follow-up.

RESULTS:
A total of 535 pediatric AVMs managed with SRS with a median follow-up of 67 months (IQR 29.0-130.6) were included, with 69 being infratentorial and 466 supratentorial. The infratentorial group had a higher proportion of deep location (58.4% vs 30.3%, P = <.001), deep venous drainage (79.8% vs 61.8%, P = .004), and prior embolization (26.1% vs 15.7%, P = .032). There was a higher proportion of hemorrhagic presentation in the infratentorial group (79.7% vs 71.3%, P = .146). There was no statistically significant difference in the odds of an unfavorable outcome (odds ratio [OR] = 1.36 [0.82-2.28]), AVM obliteration (OR = 0.85 [0.5-1.43]), post-SRS hemorrhage (OR = 0.83 [0.31-2.18]), or radiologic radiation-induced changes (OR = 1.08 [0.63-1.84]) between both cohorts. No statistically significant difference on the rates of outcomes of interest and complications were found in the adjusted model.

CONCLUSION:
Despite baseline differences between infratentorial and supratentorial pediatric AVMs, SRS outcomes, including AVM obliteration and post-SRS hemorrhage rates, were comparable amongst both groups. SRS appears to have a similar risk profile and therapeutic benefit to infratentorial pediatric AVMs as it does for those with a supratentorial location.
Feasibility Verification and Upper Bound Computation in Global Minimization Using Approximate Active Index Sets
Authors: Füllner Christian , Kirst Peter , Otto Hendrik , Rebennack Steffen 
Published: May 2024

We propose a new upper bounding procedure for global minimization problems with continuous variables and possibly nonconvex inequality and equality constraints. Upper bounds are crucial for standard termination criteria of spatial branch-and-bound (SBB) algorithms to ensure that they can enclose globally minimal values sufficiently well. However, whereas for most lower bounding procedures from the literature, convergence on smaller boxes is established, this does not hold for several methods to compute upper bounds even though they often perform well in practice. In contrast, our emphasis is on the convergence. We present a new approach to verify the existence of feasible points on boxes, on which upper bounds can then be determined. To this end, we resort to existing convergent feasibility verification approaches for purely equality and box constrained problems. By considering carefully designed modifications of subproblems based on the approximation of active index sets, we enhance such methods to problems with additional inequality constraints. We prove that our new upper bounding procedure finds sufficiently good upper bounds so that termination of SBB algorithms is guaranteed after a finite number of iterations. Our theoretical findings are illustrated by computational results on a large number of standard test problems. These results show that compared with interval Newton methods from the literature, our proposed method is more successful in feasibility verification for both, a full SBB implementation (42 instead of 26 test problems) and exhaustive sequences of boxes around known feasible points (120 instead of 29 test problems). History: Accepted by Antonio Frangioni, Area Editor for Design & Analysis of Algorithms–Continuous. Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2023.0162 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2023.0162 ). The complete IJOC Software and Data Repository is available at https://informsjoc.github.io/ .
Fracture haematoma proteomics
Authors: Groven Rald V. M. , Kuik Christel , Greven Johannes , Mert Ümit , Bouwman Freek G. , Poeze Martijn , Blokhuis Taco J. , Huber-Lang Markus , Hildebrand Frank , Cillero-Pastor Berta , van Griensven Martijn 
Published: May 2024

AimsThe aim of this study was to determine the fracture haematoma (fxH) proteome after multiple trauma using label-free proteomics, comparing two different fracture treatment strategies.MethodsA porcine multiple trauma model was used in which two fracture treatment strategies were compared: early total care (ETC) and damage control orthopaedics (DCO). fxH was harvested and analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Per group, discriminating proteins were identified and protein interaction analyses were performed to further elucidate key biomolecular pathways in the early fracture healing phase.ResultsThe early fxH proteome was characterized by immunomodulatory and osteogenic proteins, and proteins involved in the coagulation cascade. Treatment-specific proteome alterations were observed. The fxH proteome of the ETC group showed increased expression of pro-inflammatory proteins related to, among others, activation of the complement system, neutrophil functioning, and macrophage activation, while showing decreased expression of proteins related to osteogenesis and tissue remodelling. Conversely, the fxH proteome of the DCO group contained various upregulated or exclusively detected proteins related to tissue regeneration and remodelling, and proteins related to anti-inflammatory and osteogenic processes.ConclusionThe early fxH proteome of the ETC group was characterized by the expression of immunomodulatory, mainly pro-inflammatory, proteins, whereas the early fxH proteome of the DCO group was more regenerative and osteogenic in nature. These findings match clinical observations, in which enhanced surgical trauma after multiple trauma causes dysbalanced inflammation, potentially leading to reduced tissue regeneration, and gained insights into regulatory mechanisms of fracture healing after severe trauma.Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2024;13(5):214–225.
Influence of the average wavelength on the scale factor stability of interferometric fiber optic gyroscope
Authors: Liu Yishi , Yan Jingtao , Tan Yushan , Chen Xingfan 
Published: May 2024

The introduction of closed-loop mechanisms has significantly enhanced the performance of interferometric fiber optic gyroscopes (IFOGs). However, the poor scale factor (SF) stability limits its further application due to the use of broadband light sources. This study first reviewed the impact of the average wavelength of a light source on SF stability in a closed-loop IFOG setup. A simulation model is developed according to modulation and demodulation principles, and the SF error is found to be proportional to the wavelength drift in a closed-loop IFOG. Additionally, employing a laser with a more stable average wavelength instead of a super fluorescent fiber source (SFS) for driving the IFOG enhanced the SF stability by an order of magnitude to 0.38 ppm in ambient-air experiments, which is one of the best SF performances achieved thus far. With the significant improvement in stability during the variable temperature tests, the IFOG measures rotation rates more accurately.
Pestilent relationship between smoking and hypertension or pulse pressure among males over 15 years in India: NFHS-5 Survey
Authors: Lal Dhruvendra , Virk Amrit Kaur , Bhardwaj Anu , Lal Kavisha Kapoor , Bora Jayanta , Nadda Anuradha , Goel Sonu 
Published: May 2024

Objective
The Global Adult Tobacco Survey conducted in India has divulged that 28.6% of the populace aged 15 years and above partakes in tobacco consumption in various modalities. Despite the availability of numerous studies on the correlation between smoking and hypertension, the nexus between tobacco smoking and hypertension remains enigmatic. Smoking has predominantly been linked to blood pressure, with scant investigations exploring the plausible association that may subsist between smoking and pulse pressure.

Methodology
This study is based on secondary data analysis from the fifth National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5). 17 Field Agencies gathered information from 636,699 households, 724,115 women, and 101,839 men. The data related to only men was included and analysed in this present study.

Results
Male participants had a mean age of 32.2+1.2 years, an average waist circumference of 80.4+12.2 cm, and mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure of 123.4+13.8 mmHg and 80.5+10.2 mmHg. Daily smokers had a slightly higher likelihood of hypertension compared to non-smokers (OR = 1.2, p <0.001). Male quitters had significantly lower odds of hypertension (OR = 0.9, p <0.001). Quitters had reduced odds of narrow pulse pressure but increased odds of wide pulse pressure (OR = 0.81 and 1.14, respectively).

Conclusion
The study found that regular smoking was associated with hypertension, while factors such as age, obesity, urban dwelling, wealth, and tribal residence were linked to increased blood pressure. Male quitters had a lower likelihood of hypertension, and middle-aged men and those with central obesity showed distinct associations with deranged pulse pressure.
Predictive modelling of transport decisions and resources optimisation in pre-hospital setting using machine learning techniques
Authors: Farhat Hassan , Makhlouf Ahmed , Gangaram Padarath , El Aifa Kawther , Howland Ian , Babay Ep Rekik Fatma , Abid Cyrine , Khenissi Mohamed Chaker , Castle Nicholas , Al-Shaikh Loua , Khadhraoui Moncef , Gargouri Imed , Laughton James , Alinier Guillaume 
Published: May 2024

Background
The global evolution of pre-hospital care systems faces dynamic challenges, particularly in multinational settings. Machine learning (ML) techniques enable the exploration of deeply embedded data patterns for improved patient care and resource optimisation. This study’s objective was to accurately predict cases that necessitated transportation versus those that did not, using ML techniques, thereby facilitating efficient resource allocation.

Methods
ML algorithms were utilised to predict patient transport decisions in a Middle Eastern national pre-hospital emergency medical care provider. A comprehensive dataset comprising 93,712 emergency calls from the 999-call centre was analysed using R programming language. Demographic and clinical variables were incorporated to enhance predictive accuracy. Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost) algorithms were trained and validated.

Results
All the trained algorithm models, particularly XGBoost (Accuracy = 83.1%), correctly predicted patients’ transportation decisions. Further, they indicated statistically significant patterns that could be leveraged for targeted resource deployment. Moreover, the specificity rates were high; 97.96% in RF and 95.39% in XGBoost, minimising the incidence of incorrectly identified “Transported” cases (False Positive).

Conclusion
The study identified the transformative potential of ML algorithms in enhancing the quality of pre-hospital care in Qatar. The high predictive accuracy of the employed models suggested actionable avenues for day and time-specific resource planning and patient triaging, thereby having potential to contribute to pre-hospital quality, safety, and value improvement. These findings pave the way for more nuanced, data-driven quality improvement interventions with significant implications for future operational strategies.
Maternal distress during the COVID-19 outbreak: A socio-ecological perspective
Authors: Keleynikov Mor , Cohen Noga , Benatov Joy 
Published: May 2024

Introduction
Mothers faced an increased risk of adverse mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to other populations. However, there is little data on the factors that placed mothers at increased risk of distress.

Aims
The present study explored a range of individual, familial, and environmental factors associated with psychological distress in mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method
This repeated cross-sectional study was composed of a convenience sample of mothers who completed an online survey that included a demographic questionnaire, an emotion regulation questionnaire, and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress scale. The survey was administered during the second and third lockdowns in Israel in 2020–2021.

Results
The study included 575 mothers (M age = 39). The findings of a hierarchical regression indicated that individual-level factors, composed of age and emotion regulation tendencies predicted psychological distress. The family-level factors of household income and number of children in the family also predicted distress. In terms of environmental-level factors, COVID-19-related media consumption and school status (open or closed) were also significant predictors of psychological distress. Importantly, the results showed that the most important predictors of psychological distress in mothers during the COVID-19 outbreak were school closures, household income, and the use of adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies.

Conclusions
The findings highlight the intersection of individual, familial, and environmental factors in mothers’ mental health during crises.