bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhaled Cidofovir as an Adjuvant Therapy for Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis
Authors: Ksiazek Jeffrey , Prager Jeremy D. , Sun Gordon H. , Wood Robert E. , Arjmand Ellis M. 
Published: February 2011

A previously healthy, full‐term, 4‐month‐old boy presented with progressively weakening cry, hoarseness, and increased work of breathing. Flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy revealed glottic papillomas, which were endoscopically removed with a microdebrider in the operating room (Derkay score 23). The patient was diagnosed with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis that disseminated throughout his airway. Despite biweekly serial microdebridements, intralesional cidofovir, and systemic interferon‐α, the patient’s health declined substantially (Derkay score 40), culminating in a 47‐day hospitalization due to complications of his disease. Inhaled cidofovir was initiated after all conventional treatments had failed. Within 6 weeks of therapy (40 mg daily per treatment, 12 days on and 2 days off), the papillomatous disease improved substantially (Derkay score 23). While inhaled cidofovir appeared to significantly reduce papillomatous disease burden in this patient, further investigation into its long‐term effectiveness and safety profile is necessary.
Extent of Resection of the Lamina Papyracea in Medial Subperiosteal Abscess
Authors: Khalifa Badawy C. 
Published: February 2011

ObjectiveTo compare the surgical outcomes of minimal and wide resections of the lamina papyracea in cases with medial subperiosteal abscess.SettingUniversity hospital.Study DesignCase series and planned collection.Materials and MethodsThirteen patients with medial subperiosteal abscess as a complication of sinusitis were included in this study. All patients had reduced visual acuity and ophthalmoplegia. Each patient underwent endoscopic sinus surgery to treat the abscess. Age, sex, extent of lamina resection, postoperative vision status, ophthalmoplegia, and the return of orbit to its normal position were recorded.ResultsEight (62%) and 5 (38%) patients underwent minimal and wide endoscopic lamina papyracea resection, respectively. Proptosis, visual acuity, and ophthalmoplegia returned to normal within 24 to 48 hours. All patients received medical treatment in the form of intravenous antibiotics and steroids. Neither technique required revision surgery.ConclusionMedial subperiosteal abscess is a serious medical condition that can lead to blindness. Endoscopic evacuation of the abscess is currently the treatment of choice. Minimal lamina papyracea resection may be sufficient to drain the abscess. It should be further evaluated as it may have the same result as wide lamina papyracea resection and wide exposure of the periorbit. The aim of the operation is to liberate the pus regardless of the extent of the resection. Revision surgery was not needed with either technique.
Craniofacial Injuries Due to Golf Cart Trauma
Authors: Miller Brandon L. , Waller Jennifer L. , McKinnon Brian J. 
Published: February 2011

ObjectiveTo characterize craniofacial injuries due to golf cart trauma.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingLevel 1 trauma center.Subjects and MethodsA tertiary academic medical center’s trauma database was queried for golf cart–related trauma from 2000 to 2009 and returned 68 patients. Data were obtained from the trauma database and by individually reviewing patient charts.ResultsOf the 68 patients identified, 55% were male, with a median age of 13.4 years. Sixty‐nine percent had head injuries, with 32% sustaining skull or facial fracture and 20.6% intracranial hemorrhage. The highest Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) by region was the head and neck. The average Glasgow Coma Scale score was 14.2, Injury Severity Score (ISS) 9.0, hospital stay 4.5 days, and intensive care unit (ICU) stay 2.8 days; 36.8% were admitted to the ICU. Ejection and rollover were the most common mechanisms of injury, with ejection having a significantly higher head and neck AIS compared with rollover and hitting a stationary object (P =. 0055). Alcohol was detected in 59.2% of patients older than 16 years; the average blood alcohol concentration was 182.6 mg/dL. Children were involved 60.3% of the time, with an average age of 9.2 years, and children were passengers in the golf cart 69.2% of the time.ConclusionsGolf cart trauma can cause significant craniofacial injuries, particularly in the pediatric population and in adults who consume alcohol.
Applications and Outcomes of Orbital and Transorbital Endoscopic Surgery
Authors: Balakrishnan Karthik , Moe Kris S. 
Published: February 2011

ObjectiveTo prospectively evaluate the safety, effectiveness, and utility of orbital and transorbital endoscopic surgery.Study DesignCase series with planned data collection.SettingLevel 1 trauma center and tertiary academic hospital.Subjects and MethodsConsecutive sample of 107 patients undergoing orbital or transorbital endoscopic operations.Main Outcome MeasuresAbility to achieve intraoperative goals using endoscopic approach; occurrence of predetermined intraoperative or postoperative complications.ResultsOne hundred seven patients (aged 6‐83 years) underwent orbital or transorbital endoscopic surgery for 6 different indications. Seven incisions were used. Endoscopic orbitotomies were made through all 4 orbital walls to access surrounding structures. Intraoperative goals were achieved endoscopically in 106 patients. Mean follow‐up was 3 months (mean ± SD, 3.0 ± 3.5). No complication was directly related to surgical approach or use of endoscopy. Seventeen complications were detected in 2 categories: persistent diplopia and persistent vision change. No patient had vision loss. No nonfracture patient suffered a complication. Subgroup analysis demonstrated no difference in surgical success rates when compared with transnasal and transantral medial orbital wall and orbital floor repair and cerebrospinal fluid leak repair. Endoscopic visualization was advantageous in several respects: superior visualization and lighting, particularly posterior to the equator of the globe; image magnification; and video monitoring for education and operating room staff involvement. It also facilitated surgical navigation and computer‐aided reconstruction.ConclusionOrbital and transorbital endoscopy are versatile, effective, and safe approaches useful for addressing diverse urgent and elective problems. In appropriate clinical situations, these procedures may offer better access and visualization than open or transnasal approaches.
Complications in Pediatric Osseointegrated Implantation
Authors: Ida Jonathan B. , Mansfield Sara , Meinzen‐Derr Jareen K. , Choo Daniel I. 
Published: February 2011

ObjectiveTo report an accurate complication rate in pediatric osseointegrated implants in a large cohort of patients from a major center and to characterize the complications observed.SettingTertiary care pediatric hospital.Study DesignCase series with chart review of all consecutive patients receiving otologic osseointegrated implants at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital since 2001.Subjects and MethodsAll patients undergoing osseointegrated implant placement were identified at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, and complication rates were tabulated and stratified to major and minor based on the need for surgical revision. Evaluations of syndromic and body mass index associations were performed, along with evaluation of length of follow‐up.ResultsForty‐three patients were identified with 88 implants placed. Eighteen (42%) children had a diagnosis of a craniofacial syndrome. Overall, 19 (41.9%) returned to the operating suite, with a complication rate of 46.1%. A long duration of follow‐up was obtained, and with this was identified an increasing risk of complications over time. Also identified was a significantly increased complication risk associated with a craniofacial syndrome. Body mass index was not found to be associated with complications.ConclusionOsseointegrated implants require frequent maintenance care from the surgeon. Complication rates are higher for children with a diagnosis of a craniofacial syndrome, and the risk of a complication increases significantly over a prolonged period of time.
Prospective Long-Term Outcomes of the Medial Collagen Meniscus Implant Versus Partial Medial Meniscectomy
Authors: Zaffagnini Stefano , Marcheggiani Muccioli Giulio Maria , Lopomo Nicola , Bruni Danilo , Giordano Giovanni , Ravazzolo Giovanni , Molinari Massimo , Marcacci Maurilio 
Published: February 2011

Background: Loss of meniscal tissue can be responsible for increased pain and decreased function. Hypothesis: At a minimum 10-year follow-up, patients receiving a medial collagen meniscus implant (MCMI) would show better clinical, radiological, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) outcomes than patients treated with partial medial meniscectomy (PMM). Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence 2. Methods: Thirty-three nonconsecutive patients (men; mean age, 40 years) with meniscal injuries were enrolled in the study to receive MCMI or to serve as a control patient treated with PMM. The choice of treatment was decided by the patient. All patients were clinically evaluated at time 0 and at 5 years and a minimum of 10 years after surgery (mean follow-up, 133 months) by Lysholm, visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, objective International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) knee form, and Tegner activity level scores. The SF-36 score was performed preoperatively and at final follow-up. Bilateral weightbearing radiographs were completed before the index surgery and at final follow-up. Minimum 10-year follow-up MRI images were compared with preoperative MRI images by means of the Yulish score. The Genovese score was also used to evalute MCMI MRI survivorship. Results: The MCMI group, compared with the PMM one, showed significantly lower VAS for pain (1.2 ± 0.9 vs 3.3 ± 1.8; P = .004) and higher objective IKDC (7A and 10B for MCMI, 4B and 12C for PMM; P = .0001), Teger index (75 ± 27.5 vs 50 ± 11.67; P = .026), and SF-36 (53.9 ± 4.0 vs 44.1 ± 9.2; P = .026 for Physical Health Index; 54.7 ± 3.8 vs 43.8 ± 6.5; P = .004 for Mental Health Index) scores. Radiographic evaluation showed significantly less medial joint space narrowing in the MCMI group than in the PMM group (0.48 ± 0.63 mm vs 2.13 ± 0.79 mm; P = .0003). No significant differences between groups were reported regarding Lysholm ( P = .062) and Yulish ( P = .122) scores. Genovese score remained constant between 5 and 10 years after surgery ( P = .5). The MRI evaluation of the MCMI patients revealed 11 cases of myxoid degeneration signal: 4 had a normal signal with reduced size, and 2 had no recognizable implant. Conclusion: Pain, activity level, and radiological outcomes are significantly improved with use of the MCMI at a minimum 10-year follow-up compared with PMM alone. Randomized controlled trials on a larger population are necessary to confirm MCMI benefits at long term.
Knee Injuries and the Use of Prophylactic Knee Bracing in Off-road Motorcycling
Authors: Sanders Mark S. , Cates Robert A. , Baker Michael D. , Barber-Westin Sue D. , Gladin Wesley M. , Levy Martin S. 
Published: February 2011

Background: The effectiveness of prophylactic knee bracing in preventing knee injuries during sports has been evaluated; however, because of the variability in study conclusions, the topic remains controversial. Despite a paucity of data, the authors believe that prophylactic knee bracing is frequently used in off-road motorcycling. Hypothesis: No statistically significant difference exists in the frequency and types of knee injuries incurred between braced and nonbraced riders using commercially available knee braces in off-road motorcycling. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Data from 2115 off-road motorcycle riders was obtained using an Internet-based survey over a 1-year period. Participants were grouped by use or nonuse of prophylactic knee bracing, and an incidence rate ratio was used for injury rate comparison. Results: Participants recorded 39 611 riding hours over the study period. A total of 57 riders (2.7%) sustained at least 1 knee injury, for a total of 89 injuries. The most common injuries involved the anterior cruciate ligament, menisci, and medial collateral ligament. There was a significantly higher rate of overall injuries in the nonbraced group versus the braced group (3.675 vs 1.587 per 1000 rider hours, P < .001). Significantly higher incidence rates of anterior cruciate ligament rupture (1.518 vs 0.701 per 1000 rider hours, P = .0274) and medial collateral ligament injury (0.799 vs 0.111 per 1000 rider hours, P = .002) were found among nonbraced riders compared with braced riders. Conclusion: The most common knee injuries in off-road motorcycling involve the anterior cruciate ligament, menisci, and medial collateral ligament. The use of prophylactic knee bracing appears to have a beneficial effect in preventing medial collateral ligament and anterior cruciate ligament injuries as well as overall knee injury occurrence. These findings may be applicable to other sports that involve similar forces and mechanics.
A novel mechanism for egress of malarial parasites from red blood cells
Authors: Abkarian Manouk , Massiera Gladys , Berry Laurence , Roques Magali , Braun-Breton Catherine 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
The culminating step of the intraerythrocytic development of Plasmodium falciparum, the causative agent of malaria, is the spectacular release of multiple invasive merozoites on rupture of the infected erythrocyte membrane. This work reports for the first time that the whole process, taking place in time scales as short as 400 milliseconds, is the result of an elastic instability of the infected erythrocyte membrane. Using high-speed differential interference contrast (DIC) video microscopy and epifluorescence, we demonstrate that the release occurs in 3 main steps after osmotic swelling of the infected erythrocyte: a pore opens in ∼ 100 milliseconds, ejecting 1-2 merozoites, an outward curling of the erythrocyte membrane is then observed, ending with a fast eversion of the infected erythrocyte membrane, pushing the parasites forward. It is noteworthy that this last step shows slight differences when infected erythrocytes are adhering. We rationalize our observations by considering that during the parasite development, the infected erythrocyte membrane acquires a spontaneous curvature and we present a subsequent model describing the dynamics of the curling rim. Our results show that sequential erythrocyte membrane curling and eversion is necessary for the parasite efficient angular dispersion and might be biologically essential for fast and numerous invasions of new erythrocytes.
Lyn and PECAM-1 function as interdependent inhibitors of platelet aggregation
Authors: Ming Zhangyin , Hu Yu , Xiang Jizhou , Polewski Peter , Newman Peter J. , Newman Debra K. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractInhibition of platelet responsiveness is important to control pathologic thrombus formation. Platelet–endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) and the Src family kinase Lyn inhibit platelet activation by the glycoprotein VI (GPVI) collagen receptor; however, it is not known whether PECAM-1 and Lyn function in the same or different inhibitory pathways. In these studies, we found that, relative to wild-type platelets, platelets derived from PECAM-1–deficient, Lyn-deficient, or PECAM-1/Lyn double-deficient mice were equally hyperresponsive to stimulation with a GPVI-specific agonist, indicating that PECAM-1 and Lyn participate in the same inhibitory pathway. Lyn was required for PECAM-1 tyrosine phosphorylation and subsequent binding of the Src homology 2 domain–containing phosphatase-2, SHP-2. These results support a model in which PECAM-1/SHP-2 complexes, formed in a Lyn-dependent manner, suppress GPVI signaling.
Programming of marginal zone B-cell fate by basic Krüppel-like factor (BKLF/KLF3)
Authors: Turchinovich Gleb , Vu Thi Thanh , Frommer Friederike , Kranich Jan , Schmid Sonja , Alles Melanie , Loubert Jean-Baptiste , Goulet Jean-Philippe , Zimber-Strobl Ursula , Schneider Pascal , Bachl Jürgen , Pearson Richard , Crossley Merlin , Agenès Fabien , Kirberg Jörg 
Published: February 2011

AbstractSplenic marginal zone (MZ) B cells are a lineage distinct from follicular and peritoneal B1 B cells. They are located next to the marginal sinus where blood is released. Here they pick up antigens and shuttle the load onto follicular dendritic cells inside the follicle. On activation, MZ B cells rapidly differentiate into plasmablasts secreting antibodies, thereby mediating humoral immune responses against blood-borne type 2 T-independent antigens. As Krüppel-like factors are implicated in cell differentiation/function in various tissues, we studied the function of basic Krüppel-like factor (BKLF/KLF3) in B cells. Whereas B-cell development in the bone marrow of KLF3-transgenic mice was unaffected, MZ B-cell numbers in spleen were increased considerably. As revealed in chimeric mice, this occurred cell autonomously, increasing both MZ and peritoneal B1 B-cell subsets. Comparing KLF3-transgenic and nontransgenic follicular B cells by RNA-microarray revealed that KLF3 regulates a subset of genes that was similarly up-regulated/down-regulated on normal MZ B-cell differentiation. Indeed, KLF3 expression overcame the lack of MZ B cells caused by different genetic alterations, such as CD19-deficiency or blockade of B-cell activating factor-receptor signaling, indicating that KLF3 may complement alternative nuclear factor-κB signaling. Thus, KLF3 is a driving force toward MZ B-cell maturation.
Role of taurine on acid secretion in the rat stomach
Authors: Huang Kai-Han , Chang Chia-Chieh , Ho Jau-Der , Lu Ruey-Hwa , Tsai Li Hsueh 
Published: February 2011

Abstract

Background
Taurine has chemical structure similar to an inhibitory neurotransmitter, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Previous studies on GABA in the stomach suggest GABAergic neuron is involved in acid secretion, but the effects of taurine are poor understood.

Methods
The effects of taurine on acid secretion, signal transduction, and localization of taurinergic neurons were determined in the rat stomach using everted whole stomach, RIA kit and immunohistochemical methods.

Results
We used antibodies against taurine-synthesizing enzyme, cysteine sulfuric acid decarboxylase (CSAD), and taurine. CSAD- and taurine-positive cells were found in the muscle and mucosal layers. Distributions of CSAD- and taurine-positive cells in both mucosal and muscle layers were heterogeneous in the stomach. Taurine at 10-9~10-4 M induced acid secretion, and the maximum secretion was at 10-5 M, 1.6-fold higher than the spontaneous secretion. Taurine-induced acid secretion was completely inhibited by bicuculline and atropine but not by cimetidine, proglumide, or strychnine. Atropine and tetrodotoxin (TTX) completely inhibited the acid secretion induced by low concentrations of taurine and partially inhibited induced by high concentrations. Verapamil, a calcium blocker agent, inhibited acid output elicited by taurine. We assumed all Ca2+ channels involved in the response to these secretagogues were equally affected by verapamil. Intracellular cAMP (adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphat) in the stomach significantly increased with taurine treatment in a dose-dependent manner. High correlation (r=0.859, p < 0.001) of taurine concentrations with cAMP was observed.

Conclusions
Our results demonstrated for the first time in taurine-induced acid secretion due to increase intracellular calcium may act through the A type of GABA receptors, which are mainly located on cholinergic neurons though cAMP pathway and partially on nonneuronal cells in the rat stomach.
Identification of alternatively spliced Dab1 and Fyn isoforms in pig
Authors: Long Huan , Bock Hans H , Lei Ting , Chai Xuejun , Yuan Jihong , Herz Joachim , Frotscher Michael , Yang Zaiqing 
Published: February 2011

Abstract

Background
Disabled-1 (Dab1) is an adaptor protein that is essential for the intracellular transduction of Reelin signaling, which regulates the migration and differentiation of postmitotic neurons during brain development in vertebrates. Dab1 function depends on its tyrosine phosphorylation by Src family kinases, especially Fyn.

Results
We have isolated alternatively spliced forms of porcine Dab1 from brain (sDab1) and liver (sDab1-Li) and Fyn from brain (sFyn-B) and spleen (sFyn-T). Radiation hybrid mapping localized porcine Dab1 (sDab1) and Fyn (sFyn) to chromosomes 6q31-35 and 1p13, respectively. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) demonstrated that different isoforms of Dab1 and Fyn have tissue-specific expression patterns, and sDab1 and sFyn-B display similar temporal expression characteristics in the developing porcine cerebral cortex and cerebellum. Both sDab1 isoforms function as nucleocytoplasmic shuttling proteins. It was further shown that sFyn phosphorylates sDab1 at tyrosyl residues (Tyr) 185, 198/200 and 232, whereas sDab1-Li was phosphorylated at Tyr 185 and Tyr 197 (corresponding to Y232 in sDab1) in vitro.

Conclusions
Alternative splicing generates natural sDab1-Li that only carries Y185 and Y197 (corresponding to Y232 in sDab1) sites, which can be phosphorylated by Fyn in vitro. sDab1-Li is an isoform that is highly expressed in peripheral organs. Both isoforms are suggested to be nucleocytoplasmic shuttling proteins. Our results imply that the short splice form sDab1-Li might regulate cellular responses to different cell signals by acting as a dominant negative form against the full length sDab1 variant and that both isoforms might serve different signaling functions in different tissues.