bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probiotics for Maintaining Remission of Ulcerative Colitis in Adults
Authors: Do Vi T , Baird Brian G , Kockler Denise R 
Published: February 2010

Objective: To evaluate evidence for probiotic efficacy for maintaining remission of ulcerative colitis (UC) in adults. Data Sources: A MEDLINE search (1948–November 2009) was conducted using ulcerative colitis and probiotics as terms for identifying pertinent studies. Search limits included English language and humans. Additional information was obtained from bibliographies. Study Selection And Data Extraction: Prospective trials published in English and conducted in adults were included. Two open-label and 3 double-blind randomized trials evaluated probiotic efficacy for maintaining remission of UC. Clinical and surrogate markers for maintaining remission of UC were assessed. Data Synthesis: A relationship between immune response and gastrointestinal microbials appears to be involved in the mechanism of UC. Trial results comparing the probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 to mesalazine have reported equivalent rates of UC relapse. Treatment with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG strain alone or in combination with mesalazine resulted in a nonsignificant odds ratio decrease for relapse and a significant increase in time to relapse compared to treatment with mesalazine alone. Additionally, bifidobacteria-fermented milk-supplemented patients had significant reductions in UC exacerbations when compared to nonsupplemented patients. Probiotics were well tolerated, with adverse event rates similar between treatments. Conclusions: Studies evaluating probiotics for maintaining remission of UC are limited by trial design and use of different probiotics with variable bacterial contents. Thus, questions remain regarding optimal probiotic, dosing, specific patient populations, and placement in therapy. To answer these questions, large, randomized, controlled trials need to be conducted before probiotics can be routinely recommended for maintaining remission of UC.
Analgesia and other causes of amnesia that mimic post‐traumatic amnesia (PTA): A cohort study
Authors: Kemp Steven , Agostinis Alessio , House Allan , Coughlan Anthony K. 
Published: February 2010

Objective. This study explores the possibility that a post‐traumatic amnesia (PTA) like phenomenon is caused by the administration of drugs in hospital following injury and that this may be observed in patients who have not suffered a traumatic brain injury (TBI). This work also explored the possibility for an additional contribution to this phenomenon of demographic and psychological variables.Method. Sixty‐three orthopaedic patients with no evidence of brain injury were recruited to a two‐phase study. Medication records, demographic, and psychological data were obtained at the phase 1. At follow‐up interviews (phase 2), psychological data (mood and post‐traumatic stress disorder, PTSD) were again obtained and retrospective assessment of PTA using the Rivermead PTA protocol was carried out in 47 patients.Results. Thirty‐eight per cent (N=18) of the total sample (N=47) reported a PTA‐like phenomenon despite not having suffered TBI. A logistic regression model including the receipt of opioids, surgery, and anxiety‐related variables, was significant in predicting this phenomenon (χ2=22.054, df=4, p≤.01) and accounted for up to 57.5% of variation in the data. Age, either alone or in interaction with opioid use, depression, and PTSD symptoms were not significant predictors. PTA‐like phenomenon did not occur without at least one predictive factor.Conclusion. Receiving opioids, undergoing surgery, and suffering clinical levels of anxiety at an early stage following injury, can lead patients who have not suffered a TBI to report a PTA‐like phenomenon at follow‐up. This suggests that retrospective PTA assessment on actual brain injury patients may also be influenced by these factors.
Immunohistochemical analysis of kallikrein-related peptidases in the normal kidney and renal tumors: potential clinical implications
Authors: Gabril Manal , White Nicole M. , Moussa Madeleine , Chow Tsz-fung F. , Metias Shereen M. , Fatoohi Eman , Yousef George M. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) have been shown to be differentially expressed in various malignancies and shown to be useful tumor markers. Previous immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis demonstrated that KLKs 5, 6, 10, and 11 have a potential prognostic significance in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). To further explore the significance of KLKs, we examined KLKs 1, 6, 7, and 15 in different subtypes of renal tumors. KLK1 has stronger expression in high grade compared to low grade clear cell RCC. However, KLK6 and KLK7 show strong expression in low grade in contrast to high grade clear cell RCC. Furthermore, the expression of KLK7 can distinguish between oncocytoma and chromophobe RCC. Oncocytoma showed diffuse, strong granular cytoplasmic staining, but chromophobe RCC showed focal weak homogeneous cytoplasmic stain. The pattern of staining of different KLKs can also be helpful in differentiating some of the subtypes of renal tumors. Our results show the potential ability of KLKs to serve as diagnostic markers and expand previous data about the prognostic significance of KLKs in kidney cancer. In addition, our study is the first to show the ability of KLK staining to distinguish various types of kidney cancers when morphology is similar.
Signal transduction by the atopy-associated human thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) receptor depends on Janus kinase function
Authors: Wohlmann Andreas , Sebastian Katrin , Borowski Andreas , Krause Sebastian , Friedrich Karlheinz 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an interleukin-(IL)-7-like cytokine with emerging pathological importance for the development of atopic diseases such as allergic asthma bronchiale. The TSLP receptor (TSLPR), a heterodimeric type I cytokine receptor, shares the IL-7R α-subunit with the IL-7 receptor system. The specific TSLPR α-chain shows similarities with the γc receptor chain, but has some unusual features within the receptor family in both its ligand-binding and cytoplasmic domain. The murine TSLPR signals via the signal transducers and activators of transcription STAT5 and STAT3, but is unique among cytokine receptors in that it activates STATs without the involvement of Janus (JAK) tyrosine kinases, but instead utilizes the Src type kinase Tec. Here, we show by Western blotting and reporter gene experiments in combination with the application of a specific JAK inhibitor that the human TSLP receptor, in contrast, requires the function of JAK1 and JAK2 for STAT activation. Moreover, we demonstrate that the human TSLPR mediates gene regulation not only through STAT5 and STAT3 but has also the potential to mediate transcription via STAT1. Our work should help to understand more thoroughly how TSLP triggers inflammatory responses in the course of atopic diseases.
A Non Local Multiaxial Fatigue Approach to Account for Stress Gradient Effect Applied to Crack Initiation in Fretting
Authors: Amargier R. , Fouvry S. , Poupon C. , Chambon L. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Although fatigue limits of smooth specimens under various complex loadings have been determined, few models have been proposed to predict well-known experimental results such as size effects and stress gradient effects. This paper addresses the stress gradient effect issue. A new non local multiaxial fatigue approach is proposed and applied to rotating bending and fretting experiments. The proposal takes as a starting point the rotating bending results and stress gradient analysis of a cylinder-plane contact in partial slip sliding regime. Both weight function and “process volume,” used to compute the mean value of the weight function, are introduced in a phenomenological way. The weight function reflects the experimental trend of fatigue limit under rotating bending whereas the connected process volume allows dealing with special stress gradient induced by cylinder-plane contact under partial slip. The proposal shows good capabilities to predict four-point rotating bending fatigue limit and crack initiation of a similar Inconel 718 cylinder/plane contact under partial slip regime.
Corrosion of Fe-Based Nanocrystalline Alloys with Soft Magnetic Properties
Authors: Sousa Carlos Caldas , Kiminami Claudio Shyinti 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Iron-based nanocrystalline alloys have attracted increasing attention due to their good soft magnetic properties for industrial applications. These alloys combine low magnetic loss, high saturation magnetic flux density, low coercive force, and high permeability, which are important in soft magnetic materials applications. Corrosion not only decreases the service life of soft magnetic materials, creating the need for system replacement, but can also damage the soft magnetic properties of these alloys. This behavior can lead to serious consequences in several applications, e.g., when solenoid valves or magnetic sensors are used for controlling combustible fluids or pressure vessels. Therefore, in the past few years, considerable interest has focused on the effect of microstructure and composition on the corrosion of iron-based amorphous and nanocrystalline alloys and on the effect of corrosion on the magnetic properties of these materials. This paper describes the main families of nanocrystalline Fe-based alloys with soft magnetic properties and discusses their magnetic properties and applications. In addition, the effect of partial crystallization on corrosion resistance is examined, including a critical discussion about the mechanisms reported in the literature. Other points analyzed here are the relationship between nanocrystalline alloy corrosion and composition, the effect of main alloying elements such as Nb, Zr, and No, the effect of corrosion on the magnetic properties of nanocrystalline alloys, and trends for future investigations. The aim of this paper is to review the current body of knowledge about the corrosion of nanocrystalline Fe-based alloys with soft magnetic properties and to highlight the importance of corrosion on the behavior of nanocrystalline soft magnetic materials.
Calibration Surface Design and Validation for Terrain Measurement Systems
Authors: Smith Hurtford , Ferris John B. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Traditionally, terrain profilers have been evaluated based on their ability to reproduce measurements made from some reference device (e.g., a rod and level). The measurement error inherent in these reference measurements has become significant as terrain profilers have become more accurate. This work develops the design requirements of a calibration surface that will provide an absolute reference by which to compare measured terrain profiles, and the event is used to test the accuracy of an inertial profiler. Four main requirements must be considered when designing a calibration surface. First, sharp-edged high bandwidth events must be implemented, and the surface must have a varying reflectivity to test the terrain profiler’s ability to measure the relative distance from itself to the terrain. The calibration surface must also gage the profiler’s ability to repeatedly measure longitudinal distance. Finally, the event must be easily transported and reproducible. An implementation example is used to demonstrate a potential calibration surface design and accuracy verification procedure.
Konrad Zuse und seine RechenmaschinenKonrad Zuse and his Computing Machines
Authors: Zoppke Till 
Published: February 2010

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Artikel beschäftigen wir uns mit den Rechenmaschinen Z1 bis Z4, die Konrad Zuse Mitte der 30er bis Mitte der 40er Jahre des 20. Jhds konstruierte. Quasi aus dem Nichts entwickelte Zuse noch heute tragende Grundpfeiler der Rechnerarchitektur und verwirklichte sie in der mechanischen, leider unzuverlässig arbeitenden Z1. Im Folgenden stellte er seine Schaltungen sukzessive auf Relais um und baute zunächst den Prototypen Z2 und anschließend die Z3, den ersten lauffähigen programmierbaren Rechner. In den folgenden Jahren bis Kriegsende verfeinerte Zuse seine Architektur und baute das Nachfolgemodell Z4, dessen Architektur weniger bekannt ist. Die Architektur und Funktionsweise dieser Maschinen sind Hauptgegenstand dieses Artikels. Auch auf biographische Aspekte werden wir kurz eingehen.
National Bernstein Network Computational NeuroscienceNationales Bernstein Netzwerk Computational Neuroscience
Authors: Schwarzwaelder Kerstin , Cardoso de Oliveira Simone 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
The National Bernstein Network Computational Neuroscience is a funding initiative of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). It aims at understanding the brain´s function through the interdisciplinary approach of Computational Neuroscience. In a joint collaborative effort, biologists, physicians, psychologists, physicists, mathematicians, and computer scientists translate experimental results into mathematical models that can be tested in computer simulations. Their insights into normal and pathologically altered brain functions open new perspectives for innovative treatments as well as technological applications.
Effiziente Ähnlichkeitssuche und Data Mining in großen MultimediadatenbankenEfficient Adaptive Retrieval and Mining in Large Multimedia Databases
Authors: Assent Ira 
Published: February 2010

Zusammenfassung
Adaptive inhaltsbasierte Ähnlichkeitsmodelle erlauben effektiven Zugriff auf Multimediadatenbanken. Mit zunehmendem Datenvolumen und steigender Anzahl an Attributen in vielen Anwendungen führt ihre hohe Berechnungskomplexität zu schlechtem Laufzeitverhalten. Wir schlagen effiziente Algorithmen und Indexstrukturen für effektive inhaltsbasierte Zugriffsmethoden vor. Wir stellen Lösungen sowohl für Ähnlichkeitssuchanfragen als auch für Data Mining Aufgaben vor. Diese Techniken erfüllen unsere ICES Kriterien, und garantieren daher die Richtigkeit der Ergebnisse und gute Performanz. Experimentelle Untersuchungen auf synthetischen und Realdaten zeigen deutliche Geschwindigkeitsgewinne.

Adaptive inhaltsbasierte Ähnlichkeitsmodelle erlauben effektiven Zugriff auf Multimediadatenbanken. Mit zunehmendem Datenvolumen und steigender Anzahl an Attributen in vielen Anwendungen führt ihre hohe Berechnungskomplexität zu schlechtem Laufzeitverhalten. Wir schlagen effiziente Algorithmen und Indexstrukturen für effektive inhaltsbasierte Zugriffsmethoden vor. Wir stellen Lösungen sowohl für Ähnlichkeitssuchanfragen als auch für Data Mining Aufgaben vor. Diese Techniken erfüllen unsere ICES Kriterien, und garantieren daher die Richtigkeit der Ergebnisse und gute Performanz. Experimentelle Untersuchungen auf synthetischen und Realdaten zeigen deutliche Geschwindigkeitsgewinne.
Why Doesn't Imatinib Cure Chronic Myeloid Leukemia?
Authors: Redner Robert L. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Imatinib mesylate has transformed the treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The vast majority of patients obtain hematologic remission, with a low probability of progression of disease. Yet imatinib rarely cures CML, and current recommendations dictate lifelong treatment with imatinib. In this review we analyze the biology behind the failure of imatinib to fully eradicate CML. We review evidence that indicates that the leukemic stem cell for CML is inherently resistant to imatinib, and that imatinib treatment itself may enhance this resistance.
Hand and wrist arthritis of behçet disease: Imaging features
Authors: Sugawara Shunsuke , Ehara Shigeru , Hitachi Shin , Sugimoto Hideharu 
Published: February 2010

Background: Reports on arthritis in Behçet disease are relatively scarce, and imaging features vary. Purpose: To document the various imaging features of articular disorders of the hand and wrist in Behçet disease. Material and Methods: Four patients, four women aged 26 to 65 years, fulfilling the diagnostic criteria of Behçet disease, with imaging findings of hand and wrist arthritis, were seen in two institutions. Radiography and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging were studied to elucidate the pattern and distribution. Results: Both non-erosive arthritis and erosive arthritis of different features were noted: one with non-erosive synovitis of the wrist, one with wrist synovitis with minimal erosion, and two with erosive arthritis of the distal interphalangeal joint. Conclusion: Imaging manifestations of arthritis of Behçet disease vary, and may be similar to other seronegative arthritides.
Outcomes and Patient Satisfaction After Presbyopic Bilateral Lens Exchange with the ResTOR IOL in Emmetropic Patients
Authors: Alfonso José F. , Fernández-Vega Luís , Valcárcel Beatriz , Ferrer-Blasco Teresa , Montés-Micó Robert 
Published: February 2010

Purpose:
To assess efficacy, safety, predictability, stability, and patient satisfaction after presbyopic lens exchange in emmetropic patients.

Methods:
A prospective, nonrandomized, masked, observational case series (self-controlled) of 46 emmetropic eyes of 23 consecutive patients (age range: 50 to 60 years) after presbyopic lens exchange with bilateral AcrySof ReSTOR Natural (SN60D3) intraocular lens (IOL) (Alcon Laboratories Inc) implantation were evaluated. Mean spherical equivalent refraction (SE) was −0.04±0.14 diopters (D) (range: +0.25 to −0.25 D). Monocular and binocular uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA), distance-corrected near visual acuity (DCNVA), and patient satisfaction were recorded preoperatively and 6 months after surgery.

Results:
At 6 months postoperative, efficacy index at distance was 1.00. No eye lost ≥2 lines of CDVA, 5 eyes lost 1 line, 24 eyes did not change after surgery, 14 eyes gained 1 line, and 3 eyes gained 2 lines of visual acuity. Safety index at distance was 1.03. All eyes had a manifest SE within ±0.50 D of emmetropia. Mean postoperative SE was +0.14±0.22 D (range: −0.25 to +0.37 D). No eye lost >2 lines of DCNVA, 1 eye lost 2 lines, 3 eyes lost 1 line, 34 eyes did not change after surgery, and 8 eyes gained 1 line of visual acuity. Uncorrected near visual acuity was 0.95±0.07. Safety and efficacy indexes at near were 1.01 and 1.03, respectively. A patient satisfaction questionnaire showed that patients had a high level of satisfaction after presbyopic lens exchange surgery.

Conclusions:
Presbyopic lens exchange with implantation of the ReSTOR multifocal IOL in emmetropic eyes is an effective and safe procedure for presbyopia correction.
Intraoperative Complications of LASIK Flaps Using the Intralase Femtosecond Laser in 3009 Cases
Authors: Davison James A. , Johnson Steven C. 
Published: February 2010

Purpose:
To report the incidence and management of intraoperative complications while using the IntraLase FS femtosecond laser (Abbott Medical Optics) for flap creation during LASIK.

Methods:
A prospective log of intraoperative flap creation complications using the femtosecond laser was maintained over 3009 consecutive LASIK surgeries from August 2002 through July 2009.

Results:
Eleven (0.37%) intraoperative complications occurred. Eight suction breaks occurred, seven of which were treated with reapplication of the laser, the other by completing the side-cut with surgical dissection. One case of incomplete flap creation was treated with surgical dissection. Two cases of adherent flap were treated with reapplication of laser energy and surgical dissection. All surgeries were completed successfully during the same operative session.

Conclusions:
Intraoperative complications during flap creation are minor, infrequent, and can be managed effectively within the same surgical session.
Intravitreal Dexamethasone for Diabetic Macular Edema: A Pilot Study
Authors: Chan Carmen K. M. , Mohamed Shaheeda , Lee Vincent Y. W. , Lai Timothy Y. Y. , Shanmugam Mahesh P. , Lam Dennis S. C. 
Published: February 2010

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To determine the response and safety profile of intravitreal dexamethasone in treating diabetic macular edema.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
In this prospective pilot study, 12 eyes of 12 patients with diabetic macular edema were randomized to receive a single injection of 0.4 mg (n = 6) or 0.8 mg (n = 6) of intravitreal dexamethasone. The outcome measures were changes in best-corrected visual acuity and central foveal thickness on optical coherence tomography. Side effects were monitored.

RESULTS:

The 3-month results were reported. In both dosage groups, there were transient improvements in best-corrected visual acuity and central foveal thickness, but the changes were not significant at any time point (best-corrected visual acuity:
P
⩾ 0.14; central foveal thickness:
P
⩾ .08). No significant side effects were observed, except one eye developed a peak intraocular pressure of greater than 21 mm Hg.

CONCLUSION:
A single injection of intravitreal dexamethasone (0.4 or 0.8 mg) did not have significant beneficial effects on diabetic macular edema within 3 months from injection in this small pilot study.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2010;41:26–30.]
Ocular and Systemic Morbidity Profile in Mass Formic Acid Injuries
Authors: Ram Jagat , Sukhija Jaspreet , Behera Digamber , Gupta Amod 
Published: February 2010

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:A report on formic acid–induced ocular and systemic injuries.PATIENTS AND METHODS:Forty-two passengers (84 eyes) with formic acid burns following a tanker and bus collision were evaluated and treated. The severity of ocular chemical injury was assessed using the Roper-Hall classification. Standard protocol for management of ocular chemical burns was adopted in all patients. Immediate irrigation of the eyes was done with tap water and all patients received frequent topical steroids, cycloplegics, and lubricating eye drops. Systemic injuries were evaluated and managed collectively by plastic and orthopedic surgeons and internists.RESULTS:On presentation, 48 (57.14%) eyes had grade 0, 13 (15.48%) eyes had grade I, 16 (19.1%) eyes had grade II, 3 (3.57%) eyes had grade III, and 4 (4.76%) eyes had grade IV chemical injuries. Thirty patients (71.43%) had superficial and 12 (28.57%) had deep skin burns. One (2.38%) patient died due to severe pulmonary edema and 6 (14.29%) patients had severe pulmonary complications requiring oxygen treatment. Seventy-two (87.8%) eyes healed without residual sequelae, 10 (12.2%) eyes had nebulo-macular corneal opacities, and 2 (2.44 %) eyes developed secondary glaucoma and dry eye.CONCLUSION:Formic acid injuries can lead to a significant ocular and systemic morbidity. Immediate ocular and systemic management is necessary to reduce morbidity and mortality. Strict regulations are needed for the transportation of dangerous chemicals to prevent accidental chemical injuries.[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2010;41:123–127.]