bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacterial Genomics in Infectious Disease and the Clinical Pathology Laboratory
Authors: Olsen Randall J. , Long S. Wesley , Musser James M. 
Published: March 2012

Context.—Throughout history, technologic advancements have fueled the engine of innovation, which, in turn, has driven discovery. Accordingly, recent advancements in DNA sequencing technology are revolutionizing bacterial genomics.Objective.—To review important developments from the literature. The current state of bacterial genomics, with an emphasis on human pathogens and the clinical pathology laboratory, will be discussed.Data Sources.—A comprehensive review was performed of the relevant literature indexed in PubMed (National Library of Medicine) and referenced medical texts.Conclusions.—Many important discoveries bearing on infectious disease research and pathology laboratory practice have been achieved through whole-genome sequencing strategies. Bacterial genomics has improved our understanding of molecular pathogenesis, host-pathogen interactions, and antibiotic-resistance mechanisms. Bacterial genomics has also facilitated the study of population structures, epidemics and outbreaks, and newly identified pathogens. Many opportunities now exist for clinical pathologists to contribute to bacterial genomics, including in the design of new diagnostic tests, therapeutic agents, and vaccines.
Behavior of the least mean square algorithm with a periodically time‐varying input power
Authors: Eweda Eweda 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARYThe paper analyzes the transient and steady‐state performances of a least mean square algorithm in the rarely‐studied situation of a time‐varying input power. A scenario of periodic pulsed variation of the input power is considered. The analysis is carried out in the context of tracking a Markov plant with a white Gaussian input. It is shown that the mean square deviation (MSD) converges to a periodic sequence having the same period as that of the variation of the input power. Expressions are derived for the convergence time and the steady‐state peak MSD. Surprisingly, it is found that neither the transient performance nor the steady‐state performance degrades with rapid variation of the input power. On the other hand, slow input power variation causes degradation in both the transient and steady‐state performances for given amplitude of variation of the input power. In the case of a time‐invariant plant, neither rapid nor slow variation of the input power causes degradation in the steady‐state performance. On the other hand, there is degradation in the transient performance for slow variation of the input power. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Advanced Asymmetric Supercapacitors Based on Ni(OH)2/Graphene and Porous Graphene Electrodes with High Energy Density
Authors: Yan Jun , Fan Zhuangjun , Sun Wei , Ning Guoqing , Wei Tong , Zhang Qiang , Zhang Rufan , Zhi Linjie , Wei Fei 
Published: March 2012

AbstractHierarchical flowerlike nickel hydroxide decorated on graphene sheets has been prepared by a facile and cost‐effective microwave‐assisted method. In order to achieve high energy and power densities, a high‐voltage asymmetric supercapacitor is successfully fabricated using Ni(OH)2/graphene and porous graphene as the positive and negative electrodes, respectively. Because of their unique structure, both of these materials exhibit excellent electrochemical performances. The optimized asymmetric supercapacitor could be cycled reversibly in the high‐voltage region of 0–1.6 V and displays intriguing performances with a maximum specific capacitance of 218.4 F g−1 and high energy density of 77.8 Wh kg−1. Furthermore, the Ni(OH)2/graphene//porous graphene supercapacitor device exhibits an excellent long cycle life along with 94.3% specific capacitance retained after 3000 cycles. These fascinating performances can be attributed to the high capacitance and the positive synergistic effects of the two electrodes. The impressive results presented here may pave the way for promising applications in high energy density storage systems.
Therapien gegen Bakterientoxine
Authors: Ivarsson Mattias E. , Leroux Jean‐Christophe , Castagner Bastien 
Published: March 2012

AbstractProteintoxine sind die hauptsächlichen Virulenzfaktoren einiger Bakterienarten und haben sich in der Wirkstoff‐Entwicklung als vielversprechende Zielstrukturen erwiesen. Leitsubstanzen, die auf Bakterientoxine abzielen, variieren von niedermolekularen Verbindungen zu polymeren Bindungsstoffen, und sie greifen beim Mechanismus der Toxin‐vermittelten Pathogenität in jeden der vielen Schritte ein. Auch wenn in diesem Bereich in letzter Zeit bedeutende Fortschritte erzielt wurden, hat es bisher noch kein rational entwickelter Wirkstoff gegen Toxine zur Marktreife gebracht. Dieser Aufsatz bietet einen Überblick über den Stand der Forschung bei der Entwicklung von Wirkstoffen gegen Bakterientoxine, mit kritischer Beleuchtung der erzielten Durchbrüche wie auch der noch zu nehmenden Hürden. Die Diskussion konzentriert sich auf Proteintoxine vom A‐B‐Typ, die von vier Bakterienarten sezerniert werden, nämlich Clostridium difficile (Toxine A und B), Vibrio cholerae (Cholera‐Toxin), enterohämorrhagische Escherichia coli (Shiga‐Toxin) und Bacillus anthracis (Anthrax‐Toxin). Dies sind die Krankheitserreger, für die Therapien zu verbessern sind.
Targeting Bacterial Toxins
Authors: Ivarsson Mattias E. , Leroux Jean‐Christophe , Castagner Bastien 
Published: March 2012

AbstractProtein toxins constitute the main virulence factors of several species of bacteria and have proven to be attractive targets for drug development. Lead candidates that target bacterial toxins range from small molecules to polymeric binders, and act at each of the multiple steps in the process of toxin‐mediated pathogenicity. Despite recent and significant advances in the field, a rationally designed drug that targets toxins has yet to reach the market. This Review presents the state of the art in bacterial toxin targeted drug development with a critical consideration of achieved breakthroughs and withstanding challenges. The discussion focuses on A–B‐type protein toxins secreted by four species of bacteria, namely Clostridium difficile (toxins A and B), Vibrio cholerae (cholera toxin), enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (Shiga toxin), and Bacillus anthracis (anthrax toxin), which are the causative agents of diseases for which treatments need to be improved.
Synthesis of monodispersed polyacrylonitrile microspheres by dispersion polymerization
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Jiang Wei , Wang Yunjie , Wu Yichun , Hou Xin 
Published: March 2012

AbstractMonodispersed polyacrylonitrile (PAN) microspheres shape have been successfully synthesized by dispersion polymerization in the presence of polyvinylpyrolidone (PVP) as stabilizer. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Particle Size and Distribution Analyzer were used to characterize the morphology and dispersibility of PAN microspheres, respectively. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) were applied to characterize the structure of PAN. Finally, the crystallinity of PAN microspheres was investigated by X‐ray Diffraction (XRD). The results show that PAN microspheres have a regular sphere shape and narrow dispersity with a monodispersity index of 1.17. The crystallization of PAN and the existence of PVP layer affect the morphology of PAN microspheres. The effects of various polymerization factors on the particle size distribution of PAN microspheres have also been studied. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
The role of iron as a mediator of oxidative stress in Alzheimer disease
Authors: Castellani Rudy J. , Moreira Paula I. , Perry George , Zhu Xiongwei 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIron is both essential for maintaining a spectrum of metabolic processes in the central nervous system and elsewhere, and potent source of reactive oxygen species. Redox balance with respect to iron, therefore, may be critical to human neurodegenerative disease but is also in need of better understanding. Alzheimer disease (AD) in particular is associated with accumulation of numerous markers of oxidative stress; moreover, oxidative stress has been shown to precede hallmark neuropathological lesions early in the disease process, and such lesions, once present, further accumulate iron, among other markers of oxidative stress. In this review, we discuss the role of iron in the progression of AD.
Leveraging workforce development and postsecondary education for low‐skilled, low‐income workers: Lessons from the shifting gears initiative
Authors: Bragg Debra , Dresser Laura , Smith Whitney 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe Joyce Foundation's Shifting Gears initiative was launched in 2007 with the goal of increasing the number of workers in six Midwestern states who earn credentials that are valued by employers in their local labor markets. This chapter summarizes the policies adopted by Illinois and Wisconsin to support the implementation of career pathways and bridge programs to both improve the employment opportunities of low‐skilled, low‐income adults and enhance the competitiveness of the regional workforce.
ChemInform Abstract: Topotactic Oxidation Pathway of ScTiO3 and High‐Temperature Structure Evolution of ScTiO3.5 and Sc4Ti3O12‐Type Phases.
Authors: Shafi Shahid P. , Hernden Bradley C. , Cranswick Lachlan M. D. , Hansen Thomas C. , Bieringer Mario 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe formation of the new oxide defect fluorite phase (V) is monitored by XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structural Investigation of a Unique Columnar Phase in the Bi2O3—TeO2—V2O5 System.
Authors: Thakral Vaishali , Bhardwaj Neha , Uma S. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe new columnar phase Bi11.65Te1.35V5O34‐δ (δ ≅ 1.3) is synthesized by solid state reaction of an equimolar mixture of Bi2O3, TeO2, and V2O5 (Pt crucible, 900 °C, 10 min; controlled cooling).
ChemInform Abstract: Heptabismuthate [Bi7I24]3‐: A Main Group Element Anderson‐Type Structure and Its Relationships with the Polyoxometalates.
Authors: Monakhov Kirill Yu. , Gourlaouen Christophe , Pattacini Roberto , Braunstein Pierre 
Published: March 2012

Abstract[Bi(OAc)2(thf)4]3 [Bi7I24]·4H2O is synthesized by reaction of a 2:1 mixture of BiI3 and Pd(OAc)2 in THF (25 °C, 1 h, 43% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: [(C4NH12)4] [M4Al12P16O64] (M: Co, Zn): New Heteroatom‐Containing Aluminophosphate Molecular Sieves with Two Intersecting 8‐Ring Channels.
Authors: Liu Zhuo , Song Xiaowei , Li Jiyang , Li Yi , Yu Jihong , Xu Ruren 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe title compounds are solvothermally synthesized from mixtures of H3PO4 dispersed in tetraethylene glycol and H2O, Co(NO3)2 or Zn(NO3)2, Al(iPrO)3, and diethylamine (autoclave, 180 °C, 8 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Heterogeneous Bimetallic Pt—Sn/γ‐Al2O3 Catalyzed Direct Synthesis of Diamines from N‐Alkylation of Amines with Diols Through a Borrowing Hydrogen Strategy.
Authors: Wang Liandi , He Wei , Wu Kaikai , He Songbo , Sun Chenglin , Yu Zhengkun 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe catalyst allows a direct bis‐amination of diols with primary and secondary amines.
ChemInform Abstract: Improved Hiyama Cross‐Coupling Reactions Using HOMSi®1 Reagents: A Novel Appplication of a Palladacycle.
Authors: Marcuccio Sebastian M. , Epa Ruwan , Moslmani Maisa , Hughes Andrew B. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractVarious parameters in the reaction of ethyl bromobenzoate with HOMSi reagents (II) are optimized.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple Conversion of Azlactones into Indenones via H3PW12O40/Al2O3 Catalyzed Intramolecular Friedel—Crafts Reaction.
Authors: Rostami Mahboubeh , Khosropour Ahmad R. , Mirkhani Valiollah , Moghadam Majid , Tangestaninejad Shahram , Mohammadpoor‐Baltork Iraj 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA convenient synthesis of indenone derivatives (II) is achieved by the title method which is further successfully applied to heterocyclic azlactone substrates (III) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Intramolecular Aziridination from 4H‐Isoxazol‐5‐ones Leading to 1‐Azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex‐2‐enes.
Authors: Okamoto Kazuhiro , Oda Tomohiro , Kohigashi Sho , Ohe Kouichi 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA decarboxylative intramolecular aziridination reaction of alkene‐tethered isoxazol‐5‐ones with a palladium/phosphine catalyst gives N‐fused bicyclic aziridines which readily react with various reagents to afford ring‐opened pyrroline derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyanoacetamide in Heterocyclic Chemistry: Synthesis, Antitumor and Antioxidant Activities of Some New Benzothiophenes.
Authors: El Bialy Serry A. A. , Gouda Moustafa A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA variety of new iminocoumarins, acrylamides and pyrazoles bearing a tetrahydrobenzothiophene moiety are synthesized using cyanoacetamide (III) as key intermediate.
ChemInform Abstract: Optimization of the Suzuki Coupling Reaction in the Synthesis of 2‐[(2‐Substituted)phenyl]pyrrole Derivatives.
Authors: Aleskovic Marija , Basaric Nikola , Mlinaric‐Majerski Kata 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe Pd‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reaction is optimized to be applicable to a wide range of substituted aryl halides [for intermediates (IV) no yields given].
ChemInform Abstract: Triethylammonium Hydrogen Sulfate as a Catalyst for the Preparation of 1,5‐Diaryl‐3‐(arylamino)‐1H‐pyrrol‐2(5H)‐one Derivatives
Authors: Shafiee Mohammad Reza Mohammad , Najafabadi Batool Hojati , Ghashang Majid 
Published: March 2012

Abstractvia three‐component condensation between aldehydes, ethyl pyruvate, and aromatic amines
ChemInform Abstract: Catalyst‐Free Preparation of 1,2,4,5‐Tetrasubstituted Imidazoles from a Novel Unexpected Domino Reaction of 2‐Azido Acrylates and Nitrones.
Authors: Hu Bao , Wang Zhao , Ai Ning , Zheng Jie , Liu Xing‐Hai , Shan Shang , Wang Zhongwen 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe reaction proceeds without any metal, acid or base.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple Strategy for the Preparation of 6‐Substituted 3H‐Benzoxazol‐2‐ones and 3H‐Benzothiazol‐2‐ones
Authors: DeOrazio Russell J. , Maeng Jun‐Ho , Manning David D. , Sherer Brian A. , Scott Ian L. , Nikam Sham S. 
Published: March 2012

Abstractvia double metallation of the corresponding azoles (I) with MeMgBr and alkyllithium bases
ChemInform Abstract: Fe‐Catalyzed Oxidative C—H Functionalization/C—S Bond Formation.
Authors: Wang Haibo , Wang Lu , Shang Jinsai , Li Xing , Wang Haoyuan , Gui Jie , Lei Aiwen 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe assembly of benzothiazoles is realized under mild conditions using a simple iron‐based catalytic system.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Regioselective Three‐Component Domino Synthesis of 3‐(1,2,4‐Triazol‐5‐yl)‐1,3‐thiazolidin‐4‐ones as Potent Antifungal and Antituberculosis Agents.
Authors: El Bialy Serry A. , Nagy Maria M. , Abdel‐Rahman Hamdy M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAmong the 20 triazolylthiazolidinones synthesized, derivatives (VId), (VIi), (VIIIi)/(IXi) and (VIIIj)/(IXj) show good antifungal effects.
ChemInform Abstract: A Fast and Efficient One‐Pot Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Variously Di‐Substituted 1,2,4‐Oxadiazoles.
Authors: Porcheddu Andrea , Cadoni Roberta , De Luca Lidia 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA two‐step synthesis of title compounds (III) from carboxylic acids (I) and amidoximes (II) is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionic Liquid‐Assisted Synthesis of 5‐Mono‐ and 1,5‐Disubstituted Tetrazoles.
Authors: Epishina Margarita A. , Kulikov Alexander S. , Ignat'ev Nikolai V. , Schulte Michael , Makhova Nina N. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe ionic liquid can be recycled several times.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Differentiated Diamides of 4,5,6,7‐Tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyridine‐2,6‐ and ‐3,6‐dicarboxylic Acids Suitable for Parallel Synthesis.
Authors: Erdmane E. , Zemribo R. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract1,3‐Dipolar cycloaddition of bicyclic sydnone (III) to propargylic acid amide (IV) affords regioisomeric monoamides (V) and (VI) which can be further converted to diamides like (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Tetrahydropyrimidino[4,3‐a]isoquinolines via Regiospecific N‐Alkylation‐Annulation of 4‐Aryldihydropyrimidinones.
Authors: Singh Jagjeet , Mahajan Nitu , Sharma Rattan L. , Razdan Tej K. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBismuth nitrate on alumina efficiently catalyzes the solid‐phase Biginelli reaction of arylaldehyde (I), acetoacetic ester (II), and urea (III) to afford pyrimidinone derivatives of type (IV) in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some 1,3‐Dimethyl‐6‐substituted‐1H‐pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyrazin‐5(4H)‐ones
Authors: Abu Safieh Kayed A. , Al‐Masri Feda'a S. , Ayoub Mikdad T. , El‐Abadelah Mustafa M. , Voelter Wolfgang 
Published: March 2012

Abstractvia condensation of 5‐chloropyrazole (I) with racemic α‐amino acids followed by reductive lactamization of the condensation products (III) or (VI)
ChemInform Abstract: Oxazine‐thione‐based Colorimetric Fluorescent OFF‐ON Probes for Hg2+ Recognition.
Authors: Zhang Qianqian , Sun Ru , Ge Jianfeng , Xu Qingfeng , Li Najun , Lu Jianmei 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe new compound (IVa) is highly selective to Hg2+ and exhibits a ≈70‐fold enhancement in fluorescence and a color change after the addition of Hg2+ in water‐compatible solvents.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structural Determination of a New Ocotillol Derivative and Its Epimer.
Authors: Meng Qingguo , Bi Yi , Wang Liang , Jiang Naicaiv , Jiang Yongtao , Zhang Jiangfeng , Yi Songtao , Sun Haijun 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe epimers (I) are synthesized from 20(S)‐protopanaxatriol.
Electrochemistry of Carbon Nanotubes: Reactive Processes, Dual Sensing–Actuating Properties and Devices
Authors: Martínez José G. , Sugino Takushi , Asaka Kinji , Otero Toribio F. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractSingle‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) embedded in a non‐electroactive polymer are electrochemically characterized. The increasing voltammetric maximums obtained with rising temperature or electrolyte concentration point to a chemical nature of the processes. The chemical kinetic control of the processes is corroborated by its empirical chemical kinetics: the initial reaction rates are obtained from the chronoamperometric responses to potential steps. The activation energy of the reaction includes information about the structural state of the SWCNT before the potential step. Under constant current the potential evolution (chronopotentiometric response) and consumed electrical energy at any time change as a function of (are sensors of) the experimental temperature or the electrolyte concentration. The reactive material, or any device based on this material, senses these working variables, and shows dual and simultaneous actuating–sensing properties.
Examination of the Coordination Sphere of AlIII in Trifluoromethyl‐Heteroarylalkenolato Complex Ions by Gas‐Phase IRMPD Spectroscopy and Computational Modelling
Authors: Brückmann Lisa , Tyrra Wieland , Mathur Sanjay , Berden Giel , Oomens Jos , Meijer Anthony J. H. M. , Schäfer Mathias 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA series of aluminium complex ions with trifluoromethyl‐heteroarylalkenolato (TMHA) ligands are studied by gas‐phase infrared multiphoton‐dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy and computational modelling. The selected series of aluminium TMHA complex ions are promising species for the initial study of intrinsic binding characteristics of AlIII cations in the gas phase as corresponding molecular ions. They are readily available for examination by (+) and (−) electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) by spraying of [Al3+⋅(L−)3] solutions. The complex ions under investigation contain trivalent Al3+ cations with two chelating anionic enolate ligands, [Al3+⋅(L−)2]+, providing insights in the nature of the heteroatom‐Al bonds. Additionally, the structure of a deprotonated benzimidazole ligand, L−, and an anionic complex ion of AlIII with two doubly deprotonated benzimidazole ligands, [Al3+⋅(L2−)2]−, are examined by (−)ESI‐IRMPD spectroscopy. Experimental and computational results are highly consistent and allow a reliable identification of the ion structures. In all complex ions examined the planar TMHA ligands are oriented perpendicular to each other around the metal ion, leading to a tetrahedral coordination sphere in which aluminium interacts with the enolate oxygen and heteroaryl nitrogen atoms available in each of the bidentate ligands.
Controlling Size, Amount, and Crystalline Structure of Nanoparticles Deposited on Graphenes for Highly Efficient Energy Conversion and Storage
Authors: Choi Bong Gill , Park Ho Seok 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA facilitated electrochemical reaction at the surface of electrodes is crucial for highly efficient energy conversion and storage. Herein, various nanoparticles (NPs) including Au, Pt, Pd, Ru, and RuO2, were synthesized in situ and directly deposited on the ionic liquid (IL)‐functionalized reduced graphene oxides (RGOs) in a controlled manner. The size, amount, and crystalline structures of discrete NPs were readily controlled, giving rise to enhanced methanol oxidation and pseudocapacitance. The well‐defined nanostructure of decorated NPs and the favorable interaction between ILs and RGOs (or NPs) facilitated the electrochemical reaction, where NPs acted as electrocatalysts for energy conversion and played the role of redox‐active electrodes for energy storage.
Responding to requests of families for unproven interventions in neurodevelopmental disorders: Hyperbaric oxygen “treatment” and stem cell “therapy” in cerebral palsy
Authors: Bell Emily , Wallace Tessa , Chouinard Isabelle , Shevell Michael , Racine Eric 
Published: March 2012

AbstractFaced with the limitations of currently available mainstream medical treatments and interventions, parents of children with neurodevelopmental disorders often seek information about unproven interventions. These interventions frequently have undetermined efficacy and uncertain safety profiles. In this article, we present a general background and case vignettes that highlight the use of hyperbaric oxygen chambers and stem cells in cerebral palsy, the leading cause of pediatric physical disability. We then review the current evidence about these interventions as exemplars of unproven therapies. Building on the background and cases, we explore and review two important questions related to unproven interventions: (1) How should clinicians respond to requests for innovative and alternative interventions? (2) What should clinicians keep in mind when such requests come from online sources? © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2011; 17:19–26.
Prenatal testing for intellectual disability: Misperceptions and reality with lessons from down syndrome
Authors: Acharya Kruti 
Published: March 2012

AbstractDown syndrome is the most common cause of intellectual disability. In the United States, it is recommended that prenatal testing for Down syndrome be offered to all women. Because of this policy and consequent public perception, having Down syndrome has become a disadvantage in the prenatal period. However, in the postnatal period, there may be some advantage in having Down syndrome. To help parents make informed decisions about screening and testing, it is crucial to reconcile divergent prenatal and postnatal perspectives. Advancements in genetic technologies will also impact the informed consent process and need to be considered. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2011; 17:27–31.