bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Continuous Provisioning Increases Breeding Success of Black‐and‐White Snub‐Nosed Monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti) in the Baima Snow Mountain Nature Reserve, Yunnan, China
Authors: Cao Li , Liu Feng , Guo Long‐Jie , Sun Qing‐Lei , Ge Sang , Li Bo‐Yan , Zhou Ying , Fang Xue‐Lan , Geng Ying , Song Wei‐Bin , Grueter Cyril C. , Li Yan‐Peng , Cui Liang‐Wei , Xiao Wen 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe high energy demands of primates during pregnancy and lactation often limit their breeding success due to the availability of food resources. Until now, few studies have focused on the effects of continuous provisioning on primate reproduction. To assess the impact of continuous provisioning on breeding success, we collected data on female reproductive status (primiparous or multiparous), maternal age of births, births, deaths, and sex of infants in a free‐ranging semi‐provisioned band (FSB) of Rhinopithecus bieti in China from 2010 to 2023. Our results indicate that provisioning significantly increases infant survival. After 8 years of provisioning, 11 females began a pattern of giving birth to infants in two continuous years, skipping reproduction in the third year, and resuming in the fourth year. Continuous provisioning led to a year‐by‐year reduction in the interbirth interval (IBI) and a gradual decrease in the primiparous age. The percentage of consecutively breeding females (CBFs) and their offspring increased annually and with the mother's ages. Conversely, the percentage of offspring from non‐consecutively breeding females (NBFs) decreased over time and with maternal age. Each CBF annually produced 9.4% more infants compared to NBFs. Compared to NBFs, CBFs had a higher maternal age at births, a higher fertility rate, a higher infant survival rate, and a 11.7% shorter IBI. Furthermore, compared to the non‐provisioned wild band (NPB), females in the FSB gave birth 128 days earlier, had an 18.9% annual increase in the number of offspring per female, and showed 1.2 times higher infant survival beyond 12 months. Our study demonstrates that provisioning significantly enhances reproductive success and population size. However, before promoting provisioning as a conservation tool to stabilize and recover endangered wildlife populations, it is essential to thoroughly evaluate its potential risks, such as nutritional imbalances, increased stress, and the transmission of diseases.
Thermally Induced Reversible Martensitic Phase Transition and Self‐Healing in Nickel Glycinamide Crystals
Authors: Vušak Darko , Naumov Panče , Jelčić Želimir , Matković-Čalogović Dubravka , Prugovečki Biserka 
Published: February 2025

Martensitic phase transitions and self‐healing in molecular compounds are extremely rare, and while they carry potential for rapid energy transduction, they are currently found only by serendipity. Here, we report the observation of both phenomena in a coordination compound of glycinamide (Glyam), [Ni(H2O)2(Glyam)2]I2 (1). Upon cooling to 205–213 K, the high‐temperature polymorph of this material (1RT) transforms into twinned crystals of the low‐temperature polymorph (1LT(twinned)), while upon heating, it is converted back to 1RT in the temperature range 217–223 K. When this transformation occurs in single crystals, evolution of cracks is observed upon cooling that disappear upon heating. The forward transition 1RT→1LT(twinned) is completed in a few seconds, while the reverse one, 1LT(twinned)→1RT, proceeds up to several hours, contrary to the fast transition in polycrystalline samples. We determined the concomitant presence of 1RT and 1LT(twinned) in the same single crystal. The crystal structure analysis revealed complex inter‐ and intramolecular displacements of atoms during the transition. To the best of our knowledge, this is only the second report where a thermally induced reversible martensitic phase transition and self‐healing are observed in crystals of a coordination compound, and indicates the potential generality of these extraordinary phenomena.
A Versatile Carbonylative Approach to Ureas and Carbamates through Light Activated Nickel Catalyzed Formation of Aliphatic Isocyanates
Authors: Zhou Cuihan , Singh Dushyant , Arndtsen Bruce A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWe describe the development of a nickel‐catalyzed route to prepare aliphatic isocyanates via carbonylation chemistry. Unlike thermal reactions, where the affinity of Ni(0) for carbon monoxide has traditionally limited its use in carbonylations, mechanistic studies suggest that visible light excitation of a Xantphos‐bound nickel catalyst can enable a radical pathway for the carbonylation of alkyl halides, while the CO‐bound nickel drives the formation of a reactive acyl azide product for rapid Curtius rearrangement. Coupling this transformation with subsequent nucleophilic reactions has opened a unique and modular pathway to apply carbonylations to the synthesis of an array of diversely substituted, unsymmetrical ureas and carbamates, including those of relevance to drug design.
Water Main Break Rates in the United States and Canada
Authors: Barfuss Steven L. , Fugal Matthew 
Published: February 2025

Key TakeawaysA 2023 report on US and Canada water main breaks is one of the most thorough and statistically important ever undertaken and compares trends from previous studies in 2012 and 2018.Nearly 20%, or 452,000 miles, of water pipe are past their useful lives and need to be replaced, but they have not been because of a $452 billion shortfall in funding.Of a total inventory of 2.3 million miles of pipe, 33% of all water mains are more than 50 years old, representing 770,000 miles at risk.The United States and Canada experience 260,000 water main breaks annually with $2.6 billion in annual repair costs.
The Impact of Pain on Everyday Activities of People With Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders or Hypermobility Ehlers Danlos Syndrome
Authors: Lindholm Susanne , Petersson Suzanne , Molander Peter , Björk Mathilda 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThis study describes aspects of pain and how pain affects everyday life and examines the relation between chronic pain and activity limitations in people with hypermobility spectrum disorders (HSD) or hypermobility Ehlers Danlos syndrome (hEDS).MethodsThis cross‐sectional study used data from 2016 to 2021 obtained from the Swedish quality registry for pain rehabilitation (SQRP), comparing those with HSD/hEDS with the larger group of people with mixed chronic pain conditions as a reference group (RG).ResultsOf the 43,801 people registered in the SQRP, 1211 (2.8%) were diagnosed with HSD/hEDS (88.9% women). The mean age of the HSD/hEDS group was younger (36.3 ± 11.8) than the RG (45.7 ± 12.8). The HSD/hEDS group had a statistically significant (p < 0.001) earlier onset of pain (calculated in years) in contrast to the RG. In the HSD/hEDS group, 80.1% had persistent pain; in the RG, 74.2% had persistent pain. The HSD/hEDS group reported more pain locations (20.0 ± 7.9) than the RG (14.8 ± 8.8). The HSD/hEDS group reported more problems performing leisure, social, and household activities than the RG; however, pain intensity was statistically significantly lower (p < 0.001) in the HSD/hEDS related to the RG.ConclusionsThere were indications that pain affected daily activities for people with HSD/hEDS, who had earlier onset of pain, marked more pain locations, and had more persistent pain, but pain intensity was not as decisive in contrast to the RG.Significance StatementIn a comparison yielding statistically significant results (p < 0.001), persons with hypermobility spectrum disorder (HSD) or hypermobility Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome (hEDS) reported earlier pain onset, longer pain durations, and a greater number of pain locations but surprisingly, lower pain intensity than the reference group which consisted of a mixed group of pain conditions. These pain characteristics affected daily activities, indicating a substantial impact on daily life for those with HSD/hEDS.
Developed liquified ethane production, storage and transportation using optimized liquefaction process: Design, energy optimization, and techno‐economic feasibility
Authors: Pirouzfar Vahid , Su Chia‐Hung 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe main focus of this research is to develop techniques in order to select the best option for refrigeration and liquefaction processes using double‐walled tanks for storage and transport by means of different simulations as well as critical fluid conditions. Process simulation, energy analysis and economic evaluations have been applied to find the best process in this case study. Refprop, Aspen HYSYS, Aspen Process economic Analyzer software have been used for thermodynamic condition prediction, process simulation, and economic analysis, respectively. The results indicated that the best conditions for ethane storage and transport are achieved at the temperature ranging from −30 to −46°C in case of using liquefaction systems, which is attributable to the low energy consumption as well as low operating costs and low‐cost investment. This cost would be very significant in comparison with the increase in storage volume at very low temperatures. The direct capital cost of implementing these projects will be in the range of $ 27 ~ 41 million as well as the cost of preparing and transporting $ 310 ~ 475 per ton. Employed technique and developed flowsheets can be used as a useful tool for design and optimization of appropriate gas liquefaction processes membranes with effective performance for various industrial applications.
A Study on the Instability of the Surrounding Rock Mass of the Roadway Under Disturbing Load
Authors: Xu Hui , Bu Wankui , Qiu Jun , Ma Long , Qin Hao , Li Yajun , Zhang Weishe , Li Pengxiang , Zhang Dong , Li Peng , Jia Chen 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe rock burst is one of the major dynamic disasters in deep underground engineering, such as coal mining, and has become a significant technical challenge urgently requiring solutions in rock mechanics and engineering. In the related research, there are many reports on the stability analysis of the laminar split structure under static loads and few reports on the stability analysis under dynamic loads. This paper addresses the stability of surrounding rock in deep roadways, focusing on the key factor of disturbed load. First, the paper theoretically establishes the control equation for analyzing the dynamic stability of the laminar split structure in the coal wall of roadway, deriving the minimum critical load for instability of the laminar split structure under two constraint conditions: simply supported at both ends and fixed at both ends. Second, using discrete element software, the paper analyzes the influence of disturbing load on the stability and energy accumulation characteristics of the surrounding rock of the roadway. It examines the variation patterns of stress in the surrounding rock, deformation of both sides and roof‐floor, distribution of plastic zones, and energy accumulation characteristics with respect to time t and the intensity of disturbing load pmax. Finally, the paper analyzes the stability of surrounding rock in a mine involved in a rock burst accident. The research results provide a basis and reference for analyzing the risk of rock burst under similar conditions.
Der Feuchtigkeitszustands‐Wert (MCV) im Erdbau
Authors: Henzinger Christoph 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBindige Böden eignen sich für den Einbau in Erdbauwerken insbesondere dann, wenn sie einen Wassergehalt nahe des Verdichtungsoptimums (Proctorversuch) aufweisen. Die Bestimmung des MCV (Moisture Condition Value, zu Deutsch „Feuchtigkeitszustands‐Wert“) eines Erdbaustoffs erlaubt die Beurteilung der Eignung in diesem Sinne, ohne dass der Wassergehalt und der optimale Wassergehalt (Proctorversuch) bestimmt werden müssen. Dies und die schnelle Versuchsdurchführung im Labor und im Feld machen den Versuch zu einem wertvollen Werkzeug, mit dem die erforderlichen Abläufe bei der Ausführung deutlich vereinfacht werden können. Das Verfahren wird aufgrund seiner Vorteile insbesondere in Großbritannien seit Jahrzehnten verwendet. Der Versuch ist in der europäischen Normung zum Erdbau zwar enthalten, ist in Deutschland und Österreich aber noch nicht bekannt. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird das Verfahren gemeinsam mit Erfahrungen aus der Literatur und den Ergebnissen eigener Versuche vorgestellt.
3‐D Crustal Structure Modelling of the Proterozoic Cuddapah Basin, Its Regional Geodynamic Evolution and Columbia–Rodinia Connection
Authors: Singh Satendra , Chandrakala Koteswara , Pandey Om Prakash 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe Cuddapah Basin located in the southern part of India, is one of the largest Proterozoic basins in the world. This basin witnessed multi‐stage growth that involved sedimentation, magmatism and tectonism. This region has been studied geophysically for over nine decades, nevertheless, its subsurface structural configuration, underlying crust–mantle structure and its evolutionary relationship with east Antarctica during the Columbia and Rodinia supercontinental assembly periods, remain an enigma. In the present study, we provide a 3‐D crustal structural configuration of this basin based on gravity modelling along 13 east–west and 3 north–south profiles, utilising density and subsurface depth constraints from crustal seismic studies. We have delineated the presence of a 15–20 km anomalously thick, high density differentiated magmatic layer above the Moho, which varies widely from 32 km below the Eastern Ghats Belt to about 50 km below the Nellore Schist Belt. It is invariably shallower at 37–38 km north of 14°45'N, compared with 43 to 46 km south of it, indicating possible tilting of the basin from north to south. Importantly, we also notice a high order translational movement of the crustal column across the Nallamalai Basin as revealed by conspicuous change in the Moho trend, which correlates with the absence of Eastern Ghats Belt for a distance of about 400 km south of Ongole, mimicking the translational movement. We infer that the Napier complex of east Antarctica, may form the missing part of Eastern Ghats Belt of India's east coast. Similarly, a high gravity over the Nellore Schist Belt region would possibly indicate presence of remanent slab material (or magmatic material) underneath which may be related to erstwhile supra‐subduction during the Rodinia supercontinental assembly period. The present study further suggests that the Iswarakuppam dome, located in northern part of the Nallamalai Basin, contains a thin veneer of Cumbum shale (5.10 km/s) followed by a high velocity (Vp: 5.70 km/s) sequences containing Bairenkonda quartzites and possibly mantle derived mafic rocks that may be correlatable with the sills of southwestern part of the Cuddapah Basin. This domal structure probably formed due to underthrusting of the western Cuddapah Basin and the collision of Nellore Schist Belt/Eastern Ghats Belt terrains after the cessation of supra‐subduction below eastern Dharwar Craton at the end of the Rodinia period (around 950 Ma).
Thermal Characteristics of Organic and Inorganic Eutectic Phase Change Materials Using T‐History and DSC Method During Solidification Phase
Authors: Srivastava Utkarsh , Sahoo Rashmi Rekha 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe temperature‐history (temp‐hist) method offers a straightforward and effective technique for ascertaining the thermal‐physical properties of phase change materials (PCMs). This study explores three combinations of eutectic phase change materials (EPCMs): organic–organic, organic–inorganic, and inorganic–inorganic, aiming to identify the most suitable EPCM based on their heat conduction coefficient, heat capacity, and enthalpy of fusion for the solidification process. The experimental findings revealed that inorganic–inorganic EPCM demonstrated significantly superior thermal conductivity. Specifically, they exhibited approximately four times a 25% higher heat conduction coefficient in both solid and liquid phases compared to combinations involving organic–organic and organic–inorganic EPCM blends. Specific heat capacities and enthalpies of fusion were also analyzed, with organic–organic EPCM demonstrating superior values. The enthalpy of fusion for organic–organic EPCM surpassed that of inorganic–inorganic EPCM by 27.94% and outperformed organic–inorganic EPCM by 10.96%. Nusselt numbers and heat transfer coefficients were determined, highlighting the superior convective heat transfer efficiency of inorganic–inorganic EPCM. The lowest endothermic peak is 45°C for inorganic–inorganic EPCM from DSC analysis. The EPCMs' latent heat, specific heat, and phase transition temperatures nearly match the standard DSC method, proving the reliability of the lab‐made T‐history configuration. The results highlight how EPCM composition is crucial for achieving top‐notch thermal performance, emphasizing how blending organic and inorganic materials enhances heat transfer and phase change stability.
Scientific approaches to defining HPV vaccine‐induced protective immunity
Authors: Lehtinen Matti , van Damme Pierre , Beddows Simon , Pinto Ligia A. , Mariz Filipe , Gray Penelope , Dillner Joakim 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSeventeen years after the licensure of prophylactic human papillomavirus (HPV) L1 virus‐like‐particle vaccines, a defined antibody level that correlates with vaccine‐induced protection against HPV infections and associated neoplasia is missing. In contrast, correlates of protection have been defined for many viral vaccines, including for the hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine. This review includes lessons learned from vaccination against HBV and the use of an established protective HBV surface antigen antibody level: 10 mIU/mL, an overview of HPV infection‐induced and HPV vaccine‐induced antibody responses, successful efforts to establish international standardization of serological reagents and associated tools, and 15‐year vigilance of HPV vaccine‐induced antibody levels in a vaccination cohort against breakthrough infections. This report identifies progress but also gaps on the journey toward the definition of a HPV vaccine‐induced correlate of protection.
Revisiting the relationship between farmland prices and rents in Japan with time‐varying vector autoregressions
Authors: Ramsey A. Ford , Kuroiwa Kenichi 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPast studies of agricultural land prices and rents in Japan focused on the temporal relations characterizing price and rent dynamics. Several authors have shown that farmland prices respond to shocks to rents, but not vice‐versa. We revisit this relationship with a Bayesian time‐varying parameter vector autoregression (TVP‐VAR). The TVP‐VAR provides nuance by permitting the relationship between prices and rents to vary through time and allowing for stochastic volatility. Impulse response functions indicate that rents adjust to price shocks, but prices do not adjust to rent shocks. The TVP‐VAR suggests both changes in volatility and time variation in the lag coefficients.
Prospective Relations Between Self‐Concept and Adolescent Physical Education Participation: A Sex Stratified Analysis
Authors: Sick Kelsey , Pila Eva , Gilchrist Jenna D. , Gohari Mahmood R. , Patte Karen A. , Leatherdale Scott 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionSustained participation in physical education classes during adolescence can help promote lifelong engagement in physical activity, which is vital for the physical and mental health of adolescents. Self‐concept, particularly in the domains of global and physical appearance self‐perceptions, has been identified as a key predictor of physical activity behavior. However, there is limited understanding of how these facets influence continued enrollment in physical education classes, especially across different sexes.MethodsWe used survey data from two cohorts that completed surveys in two consecutive school years (2016–17 and 2017–18; 2017–18 and 2018–19) to examine sex‐based differences in the association between global self‐concept, physical appearance self‐perceptions, and sustained enrollment in physical education classes during the transition from Grade 9 to Grade 10. The total sample included 7884 Canadian adolescents (mage = 14.4, SD = 0.5 years; 52.2% female). Using multiple logistic generalized estimating equation models, the analysis adjusted for school province, racial identity, and socioeconomic status to estimate the effects of self‐concept on physical education enrollment.ResultsGlobal self‐concept and physical appearance self‐perceptions declined from Grade 9 to 10 across both sexes, particularly among students who unenrolled from physical education after Grade 9. Interestingly, statistically significant odds ratios were observed for male adolescents but not for females. Higher global self‐concept levels in Grade 9 corresponded with increased odds of physical education enrollment in Grade 10 for male students. Similarly, males with more positive physical appearance self‐perceptions in Grade 9 predicted continued enrollment in physical education into grade 10, compared to males with lower physical appearance self‐perceptions.ConclusionDuring this critical transitional phase, global self‐concept and positive physical appearance self‐perceptions among males were prospectively linked to sustained participation in physical education classes into the subsequent year of high school, when physical education becomes an optional subject for most students. Such findings highlight the pivotal role of self‐concept in sustained physical activity and offer crucial insights for interventions aimed at enhancing physical education participation and fostering a lifelong engagement in physical activity.
Derotational osteotomy is a relevant procedure in the management of lateral patellar dislocation: An expert survey of the International Patellofemoral Study Group
Authors: Wierer Guido , Milinkovic Danko , Seitlinger Gerd , Liebensteiner Michael , Post William , Winkler Philipp W. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate current knowledge and discover potential controversies in treating torsional deformities of the lower limb in patients with lateral patellar dislocation (LPD) among patellofemoral experts.MethodsAn online survey was distributed to all active International Patellofemoral Study Group (IPSG) members, representing an international sample of orthopaedic surgeons with a specific interest and experience in patellofemoral joint disorders. The survey included 21 single‐ and multiple‐choice questions and was distributed by email between 2022 and 2023.ResultsThirty‐five members (54%) completed the questionnaire. The responding experts conduct a hip–knee–ankle magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography following first‐time and recurrent patellar dislocation based on clinical examination (43% and 49%, respectively), routinely (6% and 23%, respectively), or not at all (51% and 29%, respectively). Two thirds of the experts perform derotational osteotomies of the femur, and 37% perform derotational osteotomies of the tibia. Most of these surgeons (61% and 69%, respectively) perform less than five derotational osteotomies of the femur or tibia per year. The most important factors for performing derotational osteotomy are abnormal torsion (100%), abnormal gait pattern (57%), revision cases (74%) and recurrent patellar instability (61%). Most surgeons (65%) agree on a cut‐off value of >30° of femoral ante‐torsion and >35° of external tibial torsion to perform derotational osteotomy, but the preferred measurement techniques vary.ConclusionTorsional deformities of the lower limb are a clinically relevant topic in the management of patients with recurrent LPD. Although the caseload is low, most experts perform derotational osteotomies. Diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms overlap widely between surgeons, but the indication and cut‐off values for performing derotational osteotomy must be further established.Study DesignSurvey.Level of EvidenceLevel V.