bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compressive high-frequency waves riding on an Alfvén/ion-cyclotron wave in a multi-fluid plasma
Authors: VERSCHAREN DANIEL , MARSCH ECKART 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we study the weakly-compressive high-frequency plasma waves which are superposed on a large-amplitude Alfvén wave in a multi-fluid plasma consisting of protons, electrons, and alpha particles. For these waves, the plasma environment is inhomogenous due to the presence of the low-frequency Alfvén wave with a large amplitude, a situation that may apply to space plasmas such as the solar corona and solar wind. The dispersion relation of the plasma waves is determined from a linear stability analysis using a new eigenvalue method that is employed to solve the set of differential wave equations which describe the propagation of plasma waves along the direction of the constant component of the Alfvén wave magnetic field. This approach also allows one to consider weak compressive effects. In the presence of the background Alfvén wave, the dispersion branches obtained differ significantly from the situation of a uniform plasma. Due to compressibility, acoustic waves are excited and couplings between various modes occur, and even an instability of the compressive mode. In a kinetic treatment, these plasma waves would be natural candidates for Landau-resonant wave–particle interactions, and may thus via their damping lead to particle heating.
Communists in a Muslim Land: Cultural Debates in Pakistan's Early Years
Authors: ALI KAMRAN ASDAR 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis paper will introduce intellectual debates from Pakistan's early years to show how the country's future culture was being discussed, deliberated and reshaped in these circles at the moment of its own inception as an independent state. By focussing on the communist perspective on Pakistan's independence, it will seek to illuminate some of those historical moments in Pakistan's history that have not received much attention either from historians or from the public. Within this context, the paper will present contesting voices that are critical of one another—particularly regarding the place of Islam in the new state—in order to rethink Pakistan's early history as a period that could have led to a range of possible future historical trajectories.
Hénon-like maps with arbitrary stationary combinatorics
Authors: HAZARD P. E. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe extend the renormalization operator introduced in [A. de Carvalho, M. Martens and M. Lyubich. Renormalization in the Hénon family, I: universality but non-rigidity. J. Stat. Phys.121(5/6) (2005), 611–669] from period-doubling Hénon-like maps to Hénon-like maps with arbitrary stationary combinatorics. We show that the renormalization picture also holds in this case if the maps are taken to be strongly dissipative. We study infinitely renormalizable maps F and show that they have an invariant Cantor set 𝒪 on which F acts like a p-adic adding machine for some p>1. We then show, as for the period-doubling case in the work of de Carvalho, Martens and Lyubich [Renormalization in the Hénon family, I: universality but non-rigidity. J. Stat. Phys.121(5/6) (2005), 611–669], that the sequence of renormalizations has a universal form, but that the invariant Cantor set 𝒪 is non-rigid. We also show that 𝒪 cannot possess a continuous invariant line field.
Connect sum of lens spaces surgeries: application to Hin recombination
Authors: BUCK DOROTHY , MAURICIO MAURO 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe extend the tangle model, originally developed by Ernst and Sumners [18], to include composite knots. We show that, for any prime tangle, there are no rational tangle attachments of distance greater than one that first yield a 4-plat and then a connected sum of 4-plats. This is done by studying the corresponding Dehn filling problem via double branched covers. In particular, we build on results on exceptional Dehn fillings at maximal distance to show that if Dehn filling on an irreducible manifold gives a lens space and then a connect sum of lens spaces, the distance between the slopes must be one. We then apply our results to the action of the Hin recombinase on mutated sites. In particular, after solving the tangle equations for processive recombination, we use our work to give a complete set of solutions to the tangle equations modelling distributive recombination.
Springer representations on the Khovanov Springer varieties
Authors: RUSSELL HEATHER M. , TYMOCZKO JULIANNA S. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSpringer varieties are studied because their cohomology carries a natural action of the symmetric group Sn and their top-dimensional cohomology is irreducible. In his work on tangle invariants, Khovanov constructed a family of Springer varieties Xn as subvarieties of the product of spheres (S2)n. We show that if Xn is embedded antipodally in (S2)n then the natural Sn-action on (S2)n induces an Sn-representation on the image of H∗(Xn). This representation is the Springer representation. Our construction admits an elementary (and geometrically natural) combinatorial description, which we use to prove that the Springer representation on H∗(Xn) is irreducible in each degree. We explicitly identify the Kazhdan-Lusztig basis for the irreducible representation of Sn corresponding to the partition (n/2, n/2).
OASIS: an assessment tool of epidemiological surveillance systems in animal health and food safety
Authors: HENDRIKX P. , GAY E. , CHAZEL M. , MOUTOU F. , DANAN C. , RICHOMME C. , BOUE F. , SOUILLARD R. , GAUCHARD F. , DUFOUR B. 
Published: March 2011

SUMMARYThe purpose of this study was to develop a standardized tool for the assessment of surveillance systems on zoonoses and animal diseases. We reviewed three existing methods and combined them to develop a semi-quantitative assessment tool associating their strengths and providing a standardized way to display multilevel results. We developed a set of 78 assessment criteria divided into ten sections, representing the functional parts of a surveillance system. Each criterion was given a score according to the prescription of a scoring guide. Three graphical assessment outputs were generated using a specific combination of the scores. Output 1 is a general overview through a series of pie charts synthesizing the scores of each section. Output 2 is a histogram representing the quality of eight critical control points. Output 3 is a radar chart representing the level reached by ten system attributes. This tool was applied on five surveillance networks.
Procalcitonin as a marker of bacterial infection in children undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Séguéla Pierre-Emmanuel , Joram Nicolas , Romefort Bénédicte , Manteau Céline , Orsonneau Jean-Luc , Branger Bernard , Gournay Véronique , Rozé Jean-Christophe , Gras-Le Guen Christèle 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackgroundOwing to systemic inflammatory response syndrome, the diagnosis of post-operative infection after cardiopulmonary bypass is difficult to assess in children with the usual clinical and biological tools. Procalcitonin could be informative in this context.MethodsRetrospective study in a paediatric intensive care unit. Blood samples were collected as soon as infection was clinically suspected and a second assay was performed 24 hours later. Using referenced criteria, children were retrospectively classified into two groups: infected and non-infected.ResultsOut of the 95 children included, 14 were infected. Before the third post-operative day, procalcitonin median concentration was significantly higher in the infected group than in the non-infected group – 20.24 nanograms per millilitre with a 25th and 75th interquartile of 15.52–35.71 versus 0.72 nanograms per millilitre with a 25th and 75th interquartile of 0.28 to 5.44 (p = 0.008). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.89 with 95% confidence intervals from 0.80 to 0.97. The best cut-off value to differentiate infected children from healthy children was 13 nanograms per millilitre with 100% sensitivity – 95% confidence intervals from 51 to 100 – and 85% specificity – 95% confidence intervals from 72 to 91. After the third post-operative day, procalcitonin was not significantly higher in infected children – 2 nanograms per millilitre with a 25th and 75th interquartile of 0.18 to 12.42 versus 0.37 nanograms per millilitre with a 25th and 75th interquartile of 0.24 to 1.32 (p = 0.26). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.62 with 95% confidence intervals from 0.47 to 0.77. A procalcitonin value of 0.38 nanograms per millilitre provided a sensitivity of 70% with 95% confidence intervals from 39 to 89 for a specificity of 52% with 95% confidence intervals from 34 to 68. After the third post-operative day, a second assay at a 24-hour interval can improve the sensitivity of the test.ConclusionsProcalcitonin seems to be a discriminating marker of bacterial infection during the post-operative days following cardiopulmonary bypass in children.
Datasets for generic relation extraction
Authors: HACHEY B. , GROVER C. , TOBIN R. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA vast amount of usable electronic data is in the form of unstructured text. The relation extraction task aims to identify useful information in text (e.g. PersonW works for OrganisationX, GeneY encodes ProteinZ) and recode it in a format such as a relational database or RDF triplestore that can be more effectively used for querying and automated reasoning. A number of resources have been developed for training and evaluating automatic systems for relation extraction in different domains. However, comparative evaluation is impeded by the fact that these corpora use different markup formats and notions of what constitutes a relation. We describe the preparation of corpora for comparative evaluation of relation extraction across domains based on the publicly available ACE 2004, ACE 2005 and BioInfer data sets. We present a common document type using token standoff and including detailed linguistic markup, while maintaining all information in the original annotation. The subsequent reannotation process normalises the two data sets so that they comply with a notion of relation that is intuitive, simple and informed by the semantic web. For the ACE data, we describe an automatic process that automatically converts many relations involving nested, nominal entity mentions to relations involving non-nested, named or pronominal entity mentions. For example, the first entity is mapped from ‘one’ to ‘Amidu Berry’ in the membership relation described in ‘Amidu Berry, one half of PBS’. Moreover, we describe a comparably reannotated version of the BioInfer corpus that flattens nested relations, maps part-whole to part-part relations and maps n-ary to binary relations. Finally, we summarise experiments that compare approaches to generic relation extraction, a knowledge discovery task that uses minimally supervised techniques to achieve maximally portable extractors. These experiments illustrate the utility of the corpora.1
Feasibility of innovative dietary assessment in epidemiological studies using the approach of combining different assessment instruments
Authors: Illner Anne-Kathrin , Harttig Ulrich , Tognon Gianluca , Palli Domenico , Salvini Simonetta , Bower Eugenia , Amiano Pilar , Kassik Taie , Metspalu Andres , Engeset Dagrun , Lund Eiliv , Ward Heather , Slimani Nadia , Bergmann Manuela , Wagner Karen , Boeing Heiner 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the feasibility of combining short-term and long-term dietary assessment instruments as new concept for improving usual dietary intake assessment on the individual level.DesignFeasibility study of completing three 24 h dietary recalls (24-HDR) and a self-administered food propensity questionnaire (FPQ). The 24-HDR was conducted by monthly telephone interviews, using EPIC-SOFT software. The FPQ was completely standardized across cohorts and offered either as a web-based tool or in paper format.SettingRandom sample derived from five ongoing European cohort studies (EPIC-San Sebastian, EPIC-Florence, EPIC-Potsdam, Estonia Genome Center (EGC) and Norwegian Women and Cancer study (NOWAC)).SubjectsA total of 400 participants.ResultsOverall, the total participation rate for the present study was 65·3 % (n 261). On average, completion of the 24-HDR was highest for the first 24-HDR (63·0 %) and decreased slightly for the second (60·3 %) and third 24-HDR (56·3 %). The proportions of selecting the web-based FPQ varied among the study centres, with the highest in EGC (92·9 %) and NOWAC (70·0 %) and the lowest in EPIC-San Sebastian (25·5 %) and EPIC-Potsdam (33·9 %). Web users rarely requested support and were younger and more highly educated than those who completed the paper format.ConclusionsThe present study supports the feasibility of a combined application of three 24-HDR and an FPQ in culturally different populations. The varying acceptance of the web-based instrument across populations requires a flexible application of assessment instruments.
Specific Surface Area and Three-Dimensional Nanostructure Measurements of Porous Titania Photocatalysts by Electron Tomography and Their Relation to Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Yoshida Kenta , Makihara Masaki , Tanaka Nobuo , Aoyagi Shinobu , Nishibori Eiji , Sakata Makoto , Boyes Edward D. , Gai Pratibha L. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractVarious porous titania photocatalysts are analyzed three-dimensionally in real space by electron tomography. Shapes and three-dimensional (3D) distributions of fine pores and silver (Ag) particles (2 nm in diameter) within the pores are successfully reconstructed from the 3D data. Electron tomography is applied for measuring the specific surface area of the porous structures including open and closed porosity. Calculated specific surface areas of 22.8 m2/g for a conventional sol-gel TiO2 sample and 366 m2/g for a highly porous TiO2 sample prepared using the Pluronic P-123 self-assembly process are compared with those measured by the general BET method. The real-space surface measurement indicates that the highly porous TiO2 produced by the present method using block copolymers has a greater number of effective reaction sites for the degradation of methylene blue. Electron tomography shows a great potential to contribute considerably to the nanostructural analysis and design of such catalyst materials for photocatalysis.
Initial Mean Length of Utterance Predicts the Relative Efficacy of Two Grammatical Treatments in Preschoolers With Specific Language Impairment
Authors: Yoder Paul J. , Molfese Dennis , Gardner Elizabeth 
Published: March 2011

Purpose
We sought to confirm predictions based on past findings that pretreatment mean length of utterance (MLU) would predict which of 2 grammatical treatments would best facilitate generalized and maintained grammatical development in preschoolers with specific language impairment (SLI).

Method
The participants were 57 preschoolers with SLI. A randomized group experiment was used. The 2 grammatical treatments were broad target recasts (BTR) and milieu language teaching (MLT). MLU was assessed at Time 1 in 2 conversational language samples. Growth rate of productive grammar was quantified using growth curve modeling on the Index of Productive Syntax (IPSyn) from 2 conversational language samples at each of 6 measurement periods.

Results
Predictions were confirmed for children with initially low MLU but not for children with initially high MLUs. MLT facilitated growth of grammar better than BTR in children who were initially in Brown’s stage I. Effects maintained 5 months after treatment ended.
The Effects of Race and Maternal Education Level on Children’s Retells of the Renfrew Bus Story—North American Edition
Authors: van Kleeck Anne , Lange Alissa , Schwarz Amy Louise 
Published: March 2011

Purpose
The Renfrew Bus Story—North American Edition (RBS–NA; C. Glasgow & J. Cowley, 1994) is widely used in clinical and research settings to determine children’s language abilities, although possible influences of race and maternal education on RBS–NA performance are unknown. The current study compared RBS–NA retells of 4 groups of children: African American (AA) children and European American (EA) children whose mothers had an education level of high school or less (≤ HS) and those whose mothers had an education level higher than high school (> HS).

Method
Statistical tests were used to examine 172 kindergartners' story retells using raw scores for all 4 RBS–NA measures: (a) Information, (b) Sentence Length, (c) Complexity, and (d) Independence.

Results
A 2 × 2 analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed main effects of maternal education and race for the Information score, with ≤ HS and AA children scoring lower. For measures not meeting ANOVA assumptions, 2 × 2 ANOVAs using ranked data indicated significant main effects of maternal education for Sentence Length, Complexity, and Independence measure, with ≤ HS children scoring lower within the AA group.

Conclusion
There are systematic effects of maternal education and race on children’s RBS–NA performance, which is important for both researchers and clinicians to take into account when using this instrument.
Predictors of Rehabilitation Intervention Decisions in Adults With Acquired Hearing Impairment
Authors: Laplante-Lévesque Ariane , Hickson Louise , Worrall Linda 
Published: March 2011

PurposeThis study investigated the predictors of rehabilitation intervention decisions in middle-age and older adults with acquired hearing impairment seeking help for the first time.MethodUsing shared decision making, 139 participants were offered intervention options: hearing aids, communication programs (group or individual), and no intervention. Multivariate analysis (logistic regression) provided odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for intervention decision predictors when all other variables were held constant.ResultsSeven intervention decision predictors were identified: (a) application for subsidized hearing services (participants more likely to choose hearing aids and less likely to choose communication programs), (b) hearing impairment (hearing aids more likely and no intervention less likely), (c) communication self-efficacy (hearing aids less likely), (d) powerful others as locus of control (hearing aids less likely), (e) hearing disability perceived by others and self (hearing aids more likely), (f) perceived communication program effectiveness (communication programs more likely), and (g) perceived suitability of individual communication program (hearing aids less likely and communication programs more likely).ConclusionFindings suggest the need for clinicians to explicitly elicit the predictors identified by this study when involving adults with acquired hearing impairment in intervention decisions.
Turning waves and breakdown for incompressible flows
Authors: Castro Angel , Córdoba Diego , Fefferman Charles L. , Gancedo Francisco , López-Fernández María 
Published: March 2011

We consider the evolution of an interface generated between two immiscible, incompressible, and irrotational fluids. Specifically we study the Muskat and water wave problems. We show that starting with a family of initial data given by (
α
,
f
0
(
α
)), the interface reaches a regime in finite time in which is no longer a graph. Therefore there exists a time
t
∗
where the solution of the free boundary problem parameterized as (
α
,
f
(
α
,
t
)) blows up: ‖∂

α

f
‖

L
∞

(
t
∗
) = ∞. In particular, for the Muskat problem, this result allows us to reach an unstable regime, for which the Rayleigh–Taylor condition changes sign and the solution breaks down.
Exciton hybridization states in organic–semiconductor heterostructures
containing quantum dots
Authors: Huong Nguyen Que 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
The formation of a hybridization state of Wannier Mott and Frenkel excitons is
theoretically studied for different heterostructure configurations involving quantum
dots. At the interfaces of the semiconductor quantum dots and the organic medium, the
hybridization states are formed, having complimentary properties of both kinds of
excitons as well as large optical nonlinearities. The coupling at resonance is very
strong, depending on the parameters of the systems (dot radius, dot separation,
generation of the organic dendrites and the materials of the systems, etc). The
hybrid excitons are as sensitive to external perturbation as Wannier–Mott excitons.
Upon the application of magnetic and electric fields, the coupling term between the
two kinds of excitons increases. The most important feature of this system is that by
adjusting the system parameters as well as the external fields and their orientation,
one can tune the resonance between the two kinds of excitons to get different regions
of mixing to obtain the expected high nonlinearity.
Towards designing Mn
4 molecules with strong intramolecular exchange coupling
Authors: Tuan Nguyen Anh , Chi Dam Hieu 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Distorted cubane Mn
4+
Mn
3+
3 single-molecule magnets (SMMs) have been studied by first-principles calculations, i.e. [Mn
4
L
3
X(OAc)3(dbm)3] (L=O; X=F, Cl, and Br; dbmH=dibenzoyl-methane). It was shown in our previous paper (Tuan et al 2009 Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.
11 717) that the ferrimagnetic structure of Mn
4+
Mn
3+
3 SMMs is dominated by π type hybridization between the d

z
2
orbitals at the three high-spin Mn
3+ ions and the t
2g
orbitals at the Mn
4+ ion. To design new Mn
4+
Mn
3+
3 molecules having much more stable ferrimagnetic states, one approach is suggested. This involves controlling the Mn
4+–L–Mn
3+ exchange pathways by rational variations in ligands to strengthen the hybridization between the Mn ions. Based on this method, we succeed in designing new distorted cubane Mn
4+
Mn
3+
3 molecules having Mn
4+–Mn
3+ exchange coupling of about 3 times stronger than that of the synthesized Mn
4+
Mn
3+
3 molecules. These results give some hints regarding experimental efforts to synthesize new superior Mn
4+
Mn
3+
3 SMMs.
The effect of solvent on the morphology of an inkjet printed active layer of bulk heterojunction solar cells
Authors: Fauzia Vivi , Umar Akrajas Ali , Salleh Muhamad Mat , Yahaya Muhammad 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBulk heterojunction organic solar cells were fabricated by sandwiching the active layer between indium tin oxide (ITO) and Al electrodes. The active layer used was a blend of poly(3-octylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3OT) as the electron donor and (6,6)-phenylC71butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) as the electron acceptor. The active layer thin films were deposited by an inkjet printing technique. Prior to deposition of the thin films, the active materials were blended in three different solvents. The printed films were annealed at three different temperatures. It was found that the selection of the appropriate solvent and annealing treatment significantly influences the printing process, the morphology of the printed film and subsequently the performance of the solar cell devices.