bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From after‐school to expanded learning: A decade of progress
Authors: Stonehill Robert M. , Lauver Sherri C. , Donahue Tara , Naftzger Neil , McElvain Carol K. , Stephanidis Jaime 
Published: October 2011

AbstractFollowing a decade of rapid expansion of afterschool enrichment programs, leaders in the field are rethinking how those programs can be designed to play a larger role in supporting student achievement and development and in strengthening school reform initiatives.
School dropout prevention: What arts‐based community and out‐of‐school‐time programs can contribute
Authors: Charmaraman Linda , Hall Georgia 
Published: October 2011

AbstractOut‐of‐school‐time programs, especially arts‐based programs, can be critical players in a community's efforts to prevent school dropout. This research review suggests the following approaches for arts‐based programs: (1) recruitment and retention of target populations with multiple risk factors; (2) long‐term skill development that engages youth behaviorally, emotionally, and academically rather than a drop‐in culture; (3) an emphasis on the critical ingredient of real‐world applications through performance; (4) staff development and mentoring; (5) a strategic community‐level plan for dropout prevention; (6) and program content reframed toward competencies that underlie better school performance and prosocial behavior, such as communication, initiative, problem solving, motivation, and self‐efficacy.
Possible involvement of GDI1 protein, a GDP dissociation inhibitor related to vesicle transport, in an amelioration of zinc toxicity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Ezaki Bunichi , Nakakihara Eri 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe GDI1 protein related vesicle transport system was studied to investigate the possibility that an exclusion of toxic zinc (Zn) from the cytoplasm ameliorates Zn toxicity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast). A temperature‐sensitive gdi1 mutant (originally called sec19), in which the GDP dissociation inhibitor becomes inactive at the non‐permissive temperature (37 °C), was more sensitive to Zn than its parental GDI1 strain at 32 °C (a moderately non‐permissive temperature). The relative efflux of cytoplasmic Zn in the gdi1 mutant was lower than that in the control strain. Treatment with a vesicle transport‐specific inhibitor, Brefeldin A, caused an increase of Zn sensitivity and a decrease of Zn efflux in these strains. It is therefore suggested that the GDI1‐related vesicle transport system contributes to Zn tolerance in yeast. Furthermore, changes in the number of Zn‐specific fluorescent granules (zincosomes) were observed by zinquin staining in the mutant cells under Zn treatment at 32 °C and 37 °C. We concluded that the GDI1 protein is implicated in control of vesicle numbers. Collectively, the results suggest that the GDI1protein is involved in Zn efflux via small vesicle trafficking and contributes to the control of cytoplasmic Zn content, allowing yeast to survive in the presence of toxic Zn. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Homoleptic Octahedral Methylamine Complexes of Manganese(II): Solvothermal Syntheses and Crystal Structures of [Mn(NH2CH3)6]Cl2 and the Pentaselenide [Mn(NH2CH3)6]Se5
Authors: Kysliak Oleksandr , Daniels Jörg , Schnakenburg Gregor , Beck Johannes 
Published: October 2011

Abstract[Mn(NH2CH3)6]Cl2 (1) and [Mn(NH2CH3)6]Se5 (2) were prepared by solvothermal reactions in liquid methylamine from MnCl2 at 150 °C for 1 and from a mixture of MnCl2, Rb2Se and selenium at 120 °C for 2. Both 1 and 2 were obtained in high yields as colorless and dark‐red crystals and represent the first homoleptic methylamine complexes with coordination number six. Compound 1 crystallizes rhombohedral (R$\bar{3}$, Z = 3) and is built of only slightly distorted octahedral [Mn(NH2CH3)6]2+ cations and Cl– anions. Compound 2 crystallizes orthorhombic (Pnna, Z = 4) and is built of octahedral [Mn(NH2CH3)6]2+ cations showing a strong angular distortion and of Se52– anions in the form of chains in transoid conformation. DFT calculations reveal an almost undistorted ground state structure for [Mn(NH2CH3)6]2+ with N–Mn–N angular distortions of 1° from orthogonality, close to the structure found for the complex in 1. The calculated energy necessary for a distortion as found in the structure of 2 is rather low and amounts to 26 kJmol–1 which is in the range typical for hydrogen bonds. The N–Mn–N angular distortions of the complex cation in 2, observed in the range of 10°, is caused by cation‐anion interactions in the crystal structure by N–H····Se hydrogen bonds.
Mediators of change in cognitive behaviour therapy and mebeverine for irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Reme S. E. , Stahl D. , Kennedy T. , Jones R. , Darnley S. , Chalder T. 
Published: October 2011

BackgroundCognitive behaviour therapies (CBTs) have through several trials been demonstrated to reduce symptoms and disability in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients, but the mechanisms responsible for the changes are still unknown. The aim of this study was to test a theoretical model of CBT and investigate if cognitions and/or behaviour mediated the changes seen in CBT for IBS.MethodTo assess for possible mediating effects, we applied path analysis to the dataset of 149 diagnosed participants randomized to mebeverine hydrochloride plus CBT or mebeverine hydrochloride alone. Primary outcome was symptom severity, while secondary outcomes were work and social adjustment and anxiety.ResultsThe path analyses supported mediational paths for all outcomes. Changes in behaviour and cognitions mediated all three outcomes, with models placing behaviour change ‘upstream’ of cognition change having best fit. The analyses of model fits revealed best fit for the anxiety model and hence provide increased confidence in the causal model of anxiety.ConclusionsChanges in behaviour and cognitions mediate the change in CBT given to IBS patients. The results strengthen the validity of a theoretical model of CBT by confirming the interaction of cognitive, emotional and behavioural factors in IBS.
Management of Antarctic baleen whales amid past exploitation, current threats and complex marine ecosystems
Authors: Leaper Rebecca , Miller Cara 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAs baleen whales recover from severe exploitation, they are probably subject to a wide variety of threats within the Antarctic marine ecosystem, including directed take. Here we review both the management and current status of Antarctic baleen whales and consider those threats likely to impact on them. Threats range from global problems - marine pollution and climate change - to localized issues including shipping, habitat disturbance, unregulated wildlife tourism and fishery activities. We identify the most pressing anthropogenic threats to baleen whales including scientific whaling and climate change. It is unclear whether current management approaches will be able to effectively encompass all these threats while also accounting both for the differing levels of scientific understanding and for the differing recovery rates of the whale species. For management we recommend the following: 1) incorporation of both ecosystem considerations and the suite of identified threats not limited to direct take, 2) identification of measurable indicators of changes in whales that allow more certainty in monitoring of populations and the environment, and 3) recognition of significant relationships between baleen whales and habitat features to provide information on distribution and use.
Nuclear War in the Middle East: Where is the Voice of Medicine and Public Health?
Authors: Dallas Cham E. , Burkle Frederick M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractOnce again, the politically volatile Middle East and accompanying rhetoric has escalated the risk of a major nuclear exchange. Diplomatic efforts have failed to make the medical consequences of such an exchange a leading element in negotiations. The medical and academic communities share this denial. Without exaggeration, the harsh reality of the enormous consequences of an imminently conceivable nuclear war between Iran and Israel will encompass an unprecedented millions of dead and an unavoidable decline in public health and environmental devastation that would impact major populations in the Middle East for decades to come. Nuclear deterrence and the uncomfortable but real medical and public health consequences must become an integral part of a broader global health diplomacy that emphasizes health security along with poverty reduction and good governance.
Pancreatic Resections for Solid or Cystic Pancreatic Masses in Children
Authors: Muller C.O. , Guérin F. , Goldzmidt D. , Fouquet V. , Franchi‐Abella S. , Fabre M. , Branchereau S. , Martelli H. , Gauthier F. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of the study was to assess the diagnosis and management of solid pancreatic neoplasm in children and the type of surgical treatment, focusing on short‐ and long‐term outcomes.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed the charts of all children who had undergone pancreatic resection for suspicion of pancreatic tumor in Kremlin Bicêtre Hospital, Paris, between 1986 and 2008. We studied the symptoms at diagnosis, the type of surgery, and the short‐ and long‐term morbidity and mortality.Results:Of 18 patients identified, there were 7 pseudopapillary tumors, 3 neuroblastomas, 2 rhabdomyosarcomas, 1 acinar cell carcinoma, 1 endocrine cell carcinoma, 1 renal angiomyolipoma, and 3 pancreatic cysts. Symptoms at diagnosis were abdominal trauma, abdominal mass, and jaundice. Operative procedures were duodenopancreatectomy (11), mid‐pancreatic resections (2), splenopancreatectomy (2), distal pancreatectomy (1), and tumorectomy (2). There were no deaths related to surgery. The postoperative morbidity rate was 45%, including 2 cases of fistula (11%) occurring after a mid‐pancreatic resection and a pancreaticoduodenectomy. The median follow‐up was 4.2 years (range 2–11). There was no diabetes mellitus, but there was 1 case of fat diet intolerance requiring pancreatic enzyme substitution. All of the children had a growth curve within normal limits.Conclusions:In this experience, pancreatic resections have proven to be a safe and efficient procedure, with low long‐term morbidity, for the treatment of tumoral and selected nontumoral pancreatic masses.
The effect of staggered administration of zinc sulfate on the pharmacokinetics of oral cephalexin
Authors: Ding Yi , Jia Yan‐Yan , Li Fan , Liu Wen‐Xing , Lu Cheng‐Tao , Zhu Yan‐Rong , Yang Jing , Ding Li‐Kun , Yang Lin , Wen Ai‐Dong 
Published: October 2011

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT• Zinc supplementation is an important intervention against mortality from infectious disease.• Many patients using zinc supplementation will also be prescribed antimicrobials at some time.• Recently, an inhibitory effect of zinc on the absorption of β‐lactam antibiotics has been demonstrated in animal studies, but there has been no clinical assessment of this drug–nutrient interaction.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS• Zinc sulfate dosing significantly impaired the bioavailability and decreased T > MIC of cephalexin in healthy volunteers, which might lead to a clinical failure.• The dosing recommendation is that zinc sulfate can be safely administered 3 h after a cephalexin dose.AIMS To investigate the effect of zinc sulfate on pharmacokinetics of cephalexin when administered concurrently or at strategically spaced dosing times designed to avoid the potential interaction in healthy volunteers.METHODS In this study, all subjects (n= 12) were randomized to receive the following four treatments, separated by a wash‐out period of 7 days: cephalexin 500 mg alone, concomitantly with zinc 250 mg, 3 h after zinc 250 mg or 3 h before zinc 250 mg.RESULTS All subjects completed the study safely. Zinc supplements administered concurrently with cephalexin significantly decreased the peak serum concentration (Cmax), area under the plasma concentration–time curve from zero to infinity (AUC0–∞) and the time for which the plasma concentration of the drug remained above the minimal inhibitory concentration of the pathogenic organism (T > MIC) of cephalexin [mean percentage decrease (95% confidence intervals) of 31.05% (22.09–40.01%), 27.40% (18.33–36.47%) and 22.33% (12.51–32.16%), respectively; P < 0.05] compared with administration of cephalexin alone. Also, administration of zinc 3 h before cephalexin decreased the Cmax, AUC0–∞ and T > MIC of the drug compared with administration of cephalexin alone [mean percentage decrease (95% confidence intervals) of 11.48% (3.40–19.55%), 18.12% (9.63–26.60%) and 23.75% (14.30–33.20%), respectively; P < 0.05]. In contrast, the pharmacokinetics of cephalexin was not notably altered by administration of zinc 3 h after cephalexin dosing (P > 0.05).CONCLUSIONS The significant interaction between zinc and cephalexin might affect the clinical outcome of cephalexin therapy. The dosing recommendation is that zinc sulfate can be safely administered 3 h after a cephalexin dose.
‘Have you had your bowl of rice?’: a qualitative study of eating patterns in older Taiwanese adults
Authors: Chen Su‐Hui , Shao Jung‐hua 
Published: October 2011

Aim.  The purpose of this study was to explore the eating patterns of older Taiwanese adults.Background.  The number of older adults in Taiwan is increasing and they have been shown to have poor nutritional status. However, little attention has been directed at uncovering eating patterns among this population as part of their aging process.Design.  To explore older Taiwanese adults’ eating patterns, a qualitative research design was chosen.Methods.  Eating patterns of older Taiwanese adults were explored in narrative interviews conducted from April–June 2007. Of the 156 participants who participated in a larger correlational, cross‐sectional study, 58 agreed to answer one open‐ended question about their eating patterns. All interviews were tape‐recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using qualitative content analysis.Results.  Analysis of interview data identified three major categories: ‘eating and old age’, ‘eating and faith’ and ‘eating and family harmony’. Subcategories in each major category included ‘achieving good health’, ‘upholding old customs’; ‘depending on God/fate’, ‘enjoying later life’; and ‘following the family eating rules’, ‘self‐sacrificing for the family’, respectively.Conclusions.  Older Taiwanese people adopt eating patterns not only for health reasons, but also in keeping with their faith and the need to preserve family harmony. This research supports and contributes to understanding the eating patterns of older adults in Taiwan.Relevance to clinical practice.  Disseminating these findings may increase nurses’ awareness of nutrition issues in older adults. Older Taiwanese adults’ eating patterns centred on family values. Nursing intervention programmes, therefore, should address key family members involved in food preparation. Our findings also suggest that older adults followed old customs in their eating practices. Nurses are suggested to acknowledge and respect these customs as special food needs of older adults.
Ontogenetic conflicts and rank reversals in two Mediterranean oak species: implications for coexistence
Authors: Pérez‐Ramos Ignacio M. , Urbieta Itziar R. , Zavala Miguel A. , Marañón Teodoro 
Published: October 2011

Summary1. In heterogeneous environments, species segregate spatially in response to selective abiotic and biotic filters occurring throughout plant ontogeny. Ontogenetic conflicts in recruitment may lead to spatially discordant patterns of regeneration among microhabitats with different plant cover. In addition, species differing in seed size may be subjected to opposing ecological and evolutionary pressures throughout the life cycle of the plant.2. We used a multi‐stage demographic approach aimed at characterizing the main stage‐specific probabilities of recruitment (seed survival, seed germination, seedling emergence and survival during the first 3 years of life) in two Mediterranean oak species coexisting at southern Spain. We calibrated linear and nonlinear likelihood models for each of these consecutive life history stages and calculated overall probabilities of recruitment along a wide range of plant cover and seed size variation.3. Seed predation and seedling mortality over the dry season were the most limiting processes for the two studied oak species. However, species ranking diverged substantially through the life history stages considered in this study due to different ontogenetic trends among species.4. At the intraspecific level, recruitment‐driving processes during the seed and the seedling stages showed opposing tendencies along the explored range of plant cover and seed size. Thus, small‐sized acorns and open areas were favoured for the seed stage, whereas large acorns and dense microhabitats did for the seedling stage.5. The existence of opposing selective pressures on seed mass and their differential influence on the two studied oak species determined the occurrence of species‐specific optimal seed sizes (small acorns for Quercus canariensis vs. acorns of large or intermediate size for Quercus suber).6. The spatial patterns predicted by our overall‐recruitment models provided some evidence of regeneration niche partitioning in the two coexisting oak species, supporting their current distribution patterns as saplings and adults at the study area.7. Synthesis. We conclude that within‐ and among‐species differences through plant ontogeny, arising from species differential response to microhabitat heterogeneity and seed size variation, could be of great importance for oak species niche segregation, driving stand dynamics and spatial pattern distribution along the landscape. The information provided by this study could be also applied to optimize management and restoration programmes since it has enabled us to identify the most favourable conditions and traits for recruitment in oak species that exhibit serious constraints for natural regeneration.
Loss of AtPDR11, a plasma membrane‐localized ABC transporter, confers paraquat tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Xi Jing , Xu Ping , Xiang Cheng‐Bin 
Published: October 2011

SummaryParaquat is one of the most widely used herbicides in the world. However, no paraquat transporter has been isolated in plants. Here, we describe paraquat‐tolerant mutant pqt24‐1, isolated from an activation‐tagging library on the basis of its tolerance to 2 μm paraquat in the seedling stage. Molecular analysis revealed that the T‐DNA was inserted in the 13th exon of At1g66950, which encodes AtPDR11, a member of the ATP‐binding cassette transporter superfamily. As a result, AtPDR11 was knocked out in the mutant. Loss‐of‐function mutations of AtPDR11 led to reduced paraquat accumulation in plant cells. In addition, the AtPDR11 protein was specifically localized in the plasmalemma, suggesting AtPDR11 as a potential transporter of paraquat. This conclusion was supported by kinetic analysis of paraquat import. Further studies showed that the transcript level of AtPDR11 could be strongly induced by paraquat and other abiotic stresses including H2O2, indicating possible up‐regulation of AtPDR11 expression by oxidative stress signaling. Thus, our data suggest that paraquat is an opportunistic substrate of AtPDR11 and the enhanced paraquat tolerance of pqt24‐1 is due to reduced uptake of paraquat into plant cells.
Mineral metabolism in renal transplant recipients discontinuing cinacalcet at the time of transplantation: a prospective observational study
Authors: Evenepoel Pieter , Sprangers Ben , Lerut Evelyne , Bammens Bert , Claes Kathleen , Kuypers Dirk , Meijers Björn , Vanrenterghem Yves 
Published: October 2011

Evenepoel P, Sprangers B, Lerut E, Bammens B, Claes K, Kuypers D, Meijers B, Vanrenterghem Y. Mineral metabolism in renal transplant recipients discontinuing cinacalcet at the time of transplantation: a prospective observational study.  Clin Transplant 2011 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399‐0012.2011.01524.x.  © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Background:  The calcimimetic cinacalcet is approved for treating secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with chronic kidney disease on dialysis. Biochemical profiles and clinical outcomes in patients discontinuing cinacalcet at the time of transplantation are scarce.Methods:  We performed a prospective observational cohort study, including 303 incident renal transplant recipients, of whom 21 were on cinacalcet treatment at the time of transplantation. Parameters of mineral metabolism and incidence of parathyroidectomy and nephrocalcinosis in patients discontinuing cinacalcet at the time of transplantation patients (“cinacalcet +”) were compared to cinacalcet‐naïve patients (“cinacalcet –”). Mean follow‐up was 35.6 ± 15.8 months.Results:  At the time of transplantation, parameters of mineral metabolism were similar in both groups. Conversely, at month 3, serum ionized calcium (p = 0.0007), calcitriol (p = 0.02), biointact parathyroid hormone (p = 0.06) levels and urinary fractional excretion of phosphorus (p = 0.06) were higher, while serum phosphorus levels (p = 0.06) were lower in “cinacalcet +.” Analysis based on matching at the time of initiation showed that the course of post‐transplant mineral metabolism in cinacalcet‐treated patients (median treatment period 12.5 months) vs. cinacalcet‐naïve patients was identical. “Cinacalcet +” patients are characterized by a high‐incidence proportion of both post‐transplant nephrocalcinosis (45% at month 3) and parathyroidectomy (28.6%). No difference in renal function was observed between “cinacalcet +” and “cinacalcet−” patients.Conclusion:  Cinacalcet does not affect the course of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients awaiting kidney transplantation. Biochemical profiles and a high parathyroidectomy rate suggest rebound hyperparathyroidism in renal transplant recipients discontinuing cinacalcet at the time of transplantation, which may be related to the short exposure time specific to this population. Risk/benefit studies are urgently required to define the role of continued calcimimetic treatment in renal transplant recipients and to determine the optimal treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients listed for transplantation.
Form follows function: morphological diversification and alternative trapping strategies in carnivorous Nepenthes pitcher plants
Authors: BAUER U. , CLEMENTE C. J. , RENNER T. , FEDERLE W. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractCarnivorous plants of the genus Nepenthes have evolved a striking diversity of pitcher traps that rely on specialized slippery surfaces for prey capture. With a comparative study of trap morphology, we show that Nepenthes pitcher plants have evolved specific adaptations for the use of either one of two distinct trapping mechanisms: slippery wax crystals on the inner pitcher wall and ‘insect aquaplaning’ on the wet upper rim (peristome). Species without wax crystals had wider peristomes with a longer inward slope. Ancestral state reconstructions identified wax crystal layers and narrow, symmetrical peristomes as ancestral, indicating that wax crystals have been reduced or lost multiple times independently. Our results complement recent reports of nutrient source specializations in Nepenthes and suggest that these specializations may have driven speciation and rapid diversification in this genus.