bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indexicality, Bayesian background and self‐location in fine‐tuning arguments for the multiverse
Authors: Ruyant Quentin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOur universe seems to be miraculously fine‐tuned for life. Multiverse theories have been proposed as an explanation for this on the basis of probabilistic arguments, but various authors have objected that we should consider our total evidence that this universe in particular has life in our inference, which would block the argument. The debate thus crucially hinges on how Bayesian background and evidence are distinguished and on how indexical or demonstrative terms are analysed. The aim of this article is to take a step back and examine these various aspects of Bayesian reasoning and how they affect the arguments. The upshot is that there are reasons to resist the fine‐tuning argument for the multiverse, but the “this‐universe‐objection” is not one of them.
Beware of atrial pacing‐induced ventricular depolarization: A case of lead malfunction
Authors: Dai Bailing , Yin Wenqing , Ma Chengming , Ma Peipei , Wang Yingqi , Hong Li , Yu Xiaohong , Yin Xiaomeng , Dong Yingxue , Xia Yunlong , Yang Yanzong , Gao Lianjun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAlthough ventricular capture during the atrial threshold test is possible, there are rare reports on the insulation defect and inactive leads thereof. In this case, we present a pacemaker‐dependent patient with a history of pacemaker generator replacements. The patient experienced ventricular capture induced by atrial pacing due to adhesion of the atrial and ventricular leads with an insulation defect. The atrial lead was abandoned and a new lead was implanted. However, there was a significant decrease in ventricular impedance detected shortly after the new lead was implanted. When observing the phenomenon of atrial pacing‐induced ventricular depolarization, one uncommon reason to consider is lead adhesive wear. It is important to pay attention to the contact and bending sites of the leads.
A maize enzyme from the 2‐oxoglutarate‐dependent oxygenase family with unique kinetic properties, mediates resistance against pathogens and regulates senescence
Authors: Serra Paloma , Aramburu Silvana Righini , Petrich Julieta , Campos‐Bermudez Valeria Alina , Ferreyra María Lorena Falcone , Casati Paula 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn plants, salicylic acid (SA) hydroxylation regulates SA homoeostasis, playing an essential role during plant development and response to pathogens. This reaction is catalysed by SA hydroxylase enzymes, which hydroxylate SA producing 2,3‐dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,3‐DHBA) and/or 2,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,5‐DHBA). Several SA hydroxylases have recently been identified and characterised from different plant species, but no such activity has yet been reported in maize. In this work, we describe the identification and characterisation of a new SA hydroxylase in maize plants. This enzyme, with high sequence similarity to previously described SA hydroxylases from Arabidopsis and rice, converts SA into 2,5‐DHBA; however, it has different kinetic properties to those of previously characterised enzymes, and it also catalysers the conversion of the flavonoid dihydroquercetin into quercetin in in vitro activity assays, suggesting that the maize enzyme may have different roles in vivo to those previously reported from other species. Despite this, ZmS5H can complement the pathogen resistance and the early senescence phenotypes of Arabidopsis s3h mutant plants. Finally, we characterised a maize mutant in the S5H gene (s5hMu) that has altered growth, senescence and increased resistance against Colletotrichum graminicola infection, showing not only alterations in SA and 2,5‐DHBA but also in flavonol levels. Together, the results presented here provide evidence that SA hydroxylases in different plant species have evolved to show differences in catalytic properties that may be important to fine tune SA levels and other phenolic compounds such as flavonols, to regulate different aspects of plant development and pathogen defence.
STING‐associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy (SAVI) presenting with skin lesions
Authors: Latour‐Álvarez I. , Murcia‐Clemente L. , Vázquez Pigueiras I. , Garramone‐Ramírez J. E. , Clemente D. , Sanz V. , Torrelo A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSTING‐associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy (SAVI) is caused by pathogenic gain‐of‐function variants in the gene TMEM173 (also named stimulator of interferon genes, STING1). This report details the case of an 11‐year‐old girl with SAVI who presented with skin‐limited symptoms and discusses the phenotype–genotype correlations of the TMEM173 variant present in our patient. Treatment of SAVI focuses on preventing the development or progression of organ damage by reducing systemic inflammation. We summarize the available treatments for this syndrome.
Ignorance is not always bliss: A qualitative study of young adults' experiences with being ghosted
Authors: Wu Karen , Bamishigbin Olajide 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGhosting, or ignoring someone to end a relationship, is often considered a harmful aspect of growing digital connectivity. However, research on ghosting has focused on the experiences of European/European Americans in romantic contexts. Thus, we broadly explored experiences of being ghosted among 29 undergraduates primarily from underrepresented populations (75.9% Latinx, 6.9% Asian, 6.9% Black) in the United States. We conducted face‐to‐face semi‐structured interviews regarding general experiences with being ghosted, a memorable experience of being ghosted, and attitudes toward ghosting. Inductive thematic analysis yielded eight themes surrounding the process of being ghosted (Sensing Shifts in Communication Patterns), ghosting attributions (Unreciprocated Feelings, Incompatibility), responses to ghosting (Stages of Grief, Various Coping Methods, Lost Respect for Ghoster, Insight from Experiencing Both Sides), and ghosting attitudes (Good Reasons). Future research might examine the role of both individual (e.g., cultural values) and situational (e.g., ghosting circumstance) factors in various trajectories of ghosting responses, as well as the psychological consequences of these trajectories.
Pregnancy after transplant in the older adolescent: Anticipatory guidance for the pediatric provider
Authors: Coscia Lisa A. , Kliniewski Dorothy , Constantinescu Serban , Moritz Michael J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundHealthcare providers who care for adolescent and young adult transplant recipients should be aware of contraception counseling and potential for pregnancy in this at‐risk cohort.MethodsThis paper will review contraceptive options in general for transplant recipients. There will also be a review of common immunosuppressive medications and their risk profile regarding pregnancy after transplantation. Data from the Transplant Pregnancy Registry International were analyzed looking at recipients conceiving under the age of 21 and were compared to overall pregnancy outcomes.ResultsOverall pregnancy outcomes in recipients under the age of 21 are like the adult cohort.ConclusionIt is imperative to provide contraception counseling to the adolescent and young adult and inform their caregiver that pregnancy can happen if the recipient is sexually active. Pregnant adolescent and young adult transplant recipients should be followed by a multidisciplinary team to assure a positive outcome for the recipient, transplant, and neonate.
Adult and late adolescent complications of pediatric solid organ transplantation
Authors: Byeman Connor J. , Harshman Lyndsay A. , Engen Rachel M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere have been over 51 000 pediatric solid organ transplants since 1988 in the United States alone, leading to a growing population of long‐term survivors who face complications of childhood organ failure and long‐term immunosuppression.AimsThis is an educational review of existing literature.ResultsPediatric solid organ transplant recipients are at increased risk for risk for cardiovascular and kidney disease, skin cancers, and growth problems, though the severity of impact may vary by organ type. Pediatric recipients often are able to complete schooling, maintain a job, and form family and social networks in adulthood, though at somewhat lower rates than the general population, but face additional challenges related to neurocognitive deficits, mental health disorders, and discrimination.ConclusionsTransplant centers and research programs should expand their focus to include long‐term well‐being. Increased collaboration between pediatric and adult transplant specialists will be necessary to better understand and manage long‐term complications.
Insights into biomimetic system–ligand interaction of substituted isophthalic acid: A functionality induced photophysical study
Authors: Jalan Neha , Das Tiasha , Sarkar Sumit , Ghosh Partha Pratim , Ganguly Sumi , Dutta Aparna , Mukhopadhyay Madhumita , Goswami Soumyabrata , Bose Debosreeta 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe present article attempts to interpret the modulation of photophysical properties of isophthalic acid (IPA) through its amino [5‐amino isophthalic acid (5‐amino IPA)] and azido [5‐azido isophthalic acid (5‐azido IPA)] substituted derivatives which are chemically potent organic ligands. The ground state structure–reactivity correlation of 5‐amino IPA and 5‐azido IPA has been deciphered through computational studies. The computed energetics show significant interaction feasibility of the substituted ligand systems with the biomimetic systems which is further validated experimentally. The binding interaction of the probes with oppositely polarized functionalization is studied to be significant with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) with the amino functionalized derivative having a comparatively stronger binding constant value. The steady‐state absorption and fluorescence study establish significant modification of polarity of the heteronuclear probes. The micro polarity study in water–dioxane mixtures enables determination of polarity of 5‐amino IPA in CTAB and BSA unlike 5‐azido IPA. Presence of an overlapping region between the emission spectrum of BSA and the absorption spectrum of the probes as probable donor–acceptor pair are also scrutinized via the steady‐state fluorescence studies. The photophysical behavior of 5‐amino IPA is observed to be somewhat dissimilar to that of 5‐azido IPA.
Liberal democratic accountability standards and public administration
Authors: Koliba Christopher 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper serves as a renewed call for public management scholars and public leaders in liberal democracies to be the champions of accountability standards that are explicitly and implicitly inherent to liberal democratic forms of governance. This call is particularly salient amid increasing populism, polarization, and democratic backsliding. Drawing from the historical and contemporary political and legal philosophies of small‐l liberalism and democracy advanced throughout the ages, we define a set of seven liberal democratic accountability standards focusing on matters of authority, rights, tolerance, truth claims, and professional deference. We then consider how these standards relate to some of public administration and management's ongoing considerations of the politics‐administration dichotomy, citizen engagement, and network governance, and make the case for more explicit focus on liberal democratic accountability standards in public management scholarship.
Trained immunity: Perspectives for disease control strategy in marine mollusc aquaculture
Authors: Montagnani Caroline , Morga Benjamin , Novoa Beatriz , Gourbal Benjamin , Saco Amaro , Rey‐Campos Magali , Bourhis Marion , Riera Fabien , Vignal Emmanuel , Corporeau Charlotte , Charrière Guillaume M. , Travers Marie‐Agnès , Dégremont Lionel , Gueguen Yannick , Cosseau Céline , Figueras Antonio 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRecent evidence has demonstrated the unique properties of the innate immune system, known as innate immune memory, immune priming, or trained immunity. These properties have been described as the ability of the innate immune system to learn from previous microbial experiences, which improves survival after subsequent infection. In this review, we present the state of knowledge on trained immunity in invertebrates and provide a comprehensive overview of these capabilities in cultured marine molluscs, which are currently threatened by recurrent diseases. Studies have shown that exposure to environmental microbiota, pathogens, or derived elements, can provide a stronger response and protection against future infections. These studies highlight common and distinct features of protection, mechanisms, specificity, and duration that vary with immune markers, and methods of stimulation. While the cellular and molecular basis of these responses is only partially understood, effects on phagocytosis, haemocyte populations, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and immune gene expression have been suggested. Finally, we propose a framework for future research to go beyond the current evidence and address potential limitations in the implementation of trained immunity‐based strategies to control disease. Immune training may provide a unique opportunity to promote the sustainable development of marine mollusc aquaculture.
Drivers of natural disaster risk‐reduction actions and their temporal dynamics: Insights from surveys during an imminent hurricane threat and its aftermath
Authors: Botzen W. J. Wouter , Mol Jantsje M. , Robinson Peter J. , Czajkowski Jeffrey 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTo improve preparedness for natural disasters, it is imperative to understand the factors that enable individual risk‐reduction actions. This study offers such insights using innovative real‐time (N = 871) and repeated (N = 255) surveys of a sample of coastal residents in Florida regarding flood preparations and their drivers during an imminent threat posed by Hurricane Dorian and its aftermath. Compared with commonly employed cross‐sectional surveys, our methodology better represents relationships between preparedness actions undertaken during the disaster threat and their drivers derived from an extended version of Protection Motivation Theory (PMT). The repeated survey allows for examining temporal dynamics in these drivers. Our results confirm the importance of coping appraisals and show that risk perceptions relate more strongly to emergency protection decisions made during the period of the disaster threat than to decisions made well before. Moreover, we find that several personal characteristics that we add to the standard PMT framework significantly relate to undertaking preparedness actions, especially locus of control and social norms. Significant changes in key explanatory variables occur following the disaster threat, including a decline in risk perception, a potential learning effect in coping appraisals, and a decline in risk aversion. Our results confirm the advantage of the real‐time and repeated survey approach in understanding both short‐ and long‐term disaster preparedness actions.
Fair inheritance taxation
Authors: Decerf Benoit , Maniquet Francois 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe study the optimal taxation of bequests in a successive‐generation model in which individuals have heterogeneous preferences over their consumption and the net‐of‐tax bequest received by their heir. We show that it is possible to reconcile the views that children should not be penalized by the lack of altruism of their parents, and parents should be free to choose their bequests. The resulting optimal non‐linear inheritance tax scheme collects money and redistributes it through a non‐negative demogrant, and does not tax, and, in some cases, subsidizes bequests lower than that of the poorest altruistic individual.
How much can heavy lines cover?
Authors: Dąbrowski Damian , Orponen Tuomas , Wang Hong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOne formulation of Marstrand's slicing theorem is the following. Assume that , and is a Borel set with . Then, for almost all directions , almost all of is covered by lines parallel to with . We investigate the prospects of sharpening Marstrand's result in the following sense: in a generic direction , is it true that a strictly less than ‐dimensional part of is covered by the heavy lines , namely those with ? A positive answer for ‐regular sets was previously obtained by the first author. The answer for general Borel sets turns out to be negative for and positive for . More precisely, the heavy lines can cover up to a dimensional part of in a generic direction. We also consider the part of covered by the ‐heavy lines, namely those with for . We establish a sharp answer to the question: how much can the ‐heavy lines cover in a generic direction? Finally, we identify a new class of sets called sub‐uniformly distributed sets, which generalise Ahlfors‐regular sets. Roughly speaking, these sets share the spatial uniformity of Ahlfors‐regular sets, but pose no restrictions on uniformity across different scales. We then extend and sharpen the first author's previous result on Ahlfors‐regular sets to the class of sub‐uniformly distributed sets.
Adherence and Compliance of Different Delivery Methods of Home Exercise in Individuals With Nonspecific Low Back Pain
Authors: Devorski Luk , Suppiah Aravinthan , Fukuda David H. , Stout Jeffrey , Ingersoll Christopher D. , Mangum L. Colby 
Published: April 2024

Autonomous exercise within nonspecific low back pain rehabilitation is a necessary tool to treat low back pain. The purpose of this study was to quantify adherence and compliance during two different 6-week home-exercise programs. Forty adults were randomly allocated to a gamified and packet group. Adherence, compliance, and system usability assessments occurred after 3 and 6 weeks. Packet group adherence was similar at 3 weeks and at 6 weeks. System usability was significantly greater at 6 weeks than at 3 weeks in the packet group. Adherence or compliance was not influenced. The usability of the intervention methodology was considered great by both groups.
Infection-associated gene regulation of L-tartrate metabolism in
Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium
Authors: Rojas Vivian K. , Winter Maria G. , Jimenez Angel G. , Tanner Natasha W. , Crockett Stacey L. , Spiga Luisella , Hendrixson David R. , Winter Sebastian E. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Enteric pathogens such as
Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium experience spatial and temporal changes to the metabolic landscape throughout infection. Host reactive oxygen and nitrogen species non-enzymatically convert monosaccharides to alpha hydroxy acids, including L-tartrate.
Salmonella
utilizes L-tartrate early during infection to support fumarate respiration, while L-tartrate utilization ceases at later time points due to the increased availability of exogenous electron acceptors such as tetrathionate, nitrate, and oxygen. It remains unknown how
Salmonella
regulates its gene expression to metabolically adapt to changing nutritional environments. Here, we investigated how the transcriptional regulation for L-tartrate metabolism in
Salmonella
is influenced by infection-relevant cues. L-tartrate induces the transcription of
ttdBAU
, genes involved in L-tartrate utilization. L-tartrate metabolism is negatively regulated by two previously uncharacterized transcriptional regulators TtdV (STM3357) and TtdW (STM3358), and both TtdV and TtdW are required for the sensing of L-tartrate. The electron acceptors nitrate, tetrathionate, and oxygen repress
ttdBAU
transcription via the two-component system ArcAB. Furthermore, the regulation of L-tartrate metabolism is required for optimal fitness in a mouse model of
Salmonella
-induced colitis. TtdV, TtdW, and ArcAB allow for the integration of two cues, i.e., substrate availability and availability of exogenous electron acceptors, to control L-tartrate metabolism. Our findings provide novel insights into how
Salmonella
prioritizes the utilization of different electron acceptors for respiration as it experiences transitional nutrient availability throughout infection.

IMPORTANCE

Bacterial pathogens must adapt their gene expression profiles to cope with diverse environments encountered during infection. This coordinated process is carried out by the integration of cues that the pathogen senses to fine-tune gene expression in a spatiotemporal manner. Many studies have elucidated the regulatory mechanisms of how
Salmonella
sense metabolites in the gut to activate or repress its virulence program; however, our understanding of how
Salmonella
coordinates its gene expression to maximize the utilization of carbon and energy sources found in transitional nutrient niches is not well understood. In this study, we discovered how
Salmonella
integrates two infection-relevant cues, substrate availability and exogenous electron acceptors, to control L-tartrate metabolism. From our experiments, we propose a model for how L-tartrate metabolism is regulated in response to different metabolic cues in addition to characterizing two previously unknown transcriptional regulators. This study expands our understanding of how microbes combine metabolic cues to enhance fitness during infection.