bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbiome complexity and Staphylococcus aureus in chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Feazel Leah M. , Robertson Charles E. , Ramakrishnan Vijay R. , Frank Daniel N. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:The aim of this study was to compare microbiological culture‐based and culture‐independent (16S rRNA gene sequencing) methodologies for pathogen identification in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients. We hypothesized that bacterial culture and DNA sequencing would yield largely concurrent results, although sequencing would detect greater bacterial diversity, and the sinonasal microbiomes of CRS patients would differ in composition and diversity compared with non‐CRS controls.Study Design:Cross‐sectional observational study.Methods:Middle meatus swabs from CRS patients collected during endoscopic sinus surgery were analyzed by both clinical culture and broad‐range analysis of 16S rRNA gene pyrosequences.Results:A total of 21 swab samples from 15 CRS patients and five non‐CRS controls were analyzed. One CRS patient was also swabbed 3 weeks postoperatively due to evidence of purulence during a clinical visit. All subjects had positive bacterial cultures, with a mean of 2.8 isolates per subject. The most prevalent cultivars were coagulase‐negative staphylococci (15/20 specimens, 75%), Staphylococcus aureus (10/20, 50%), and Propionibacterium acnes (6/20, 30%). Among 57,407 pyrosequences generated, the most prevalent were from coagulase‐negative staphylococci (21/21 specimens, 100%), Corynebacterium spp (18/21, 85.7%), P acnes (16/21, 76.2%), and S aureus (14/21, 66.7%). Bacterial diversity correlated with recent antibiotic use, asthma, prior sinus surgery, and relative abundance of S aureus.Conclusions:DNA pyrosequencing revealed greater biodiversity than culture, although in most cases culture results represented a subset of the abundant DNA sequence types. CRS patients were characterized by altered microbial composition (P = .02) and greater abundance of S aureus (P = .03).
Association between bone mineral density and hearing loss in osteogenesis imperfecta
Authors: Swinnen Freya K. R. , De Leenheer Els M. R. , Goemaere Stefan , Cremers Cor W. R. J. , Coucke Paul J. , Dhooge Ingeborg J. M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heritable connective tissue disorder, predominantly characterized by bone fragility. In half of the patients, progressive hearing loss develops, which is associated with abnormal bony changes involving the middle ear ossicles and stapes footplate. In the present study, we investigated whether the development of hearing loss in OI may be related to the overall aberrant bone quality.Study Design:Observational study.Methods:Following audiologic evaluation, 56 adult OI patients were classified as presenting normal hearing or conductive/mixed or pure sensorineural hearing loss. Areal bone mineral density (BMD) (aBMD) was measured using lumbar spine (LS) and whole body (WB) dual X‐ray absorptiometry. By means of peripheral computed tomography, volumetric BMD (vBMD) and morphometric bone parameters were determined at distal and proximal radius, providing separate results for trabecular and cortical bone. The obtained bone parameters were compared between normal‐hearing OI patients and those with either conductive/mixed or pure sensorineural hearing loss.Results:Z scores demonstrated decreased LS aBMD, WB aBMD, and trabecular vBMD in OI adults compared to the healthy population. Patients with conductive/mixed hearing loss had lower trabecular vBMD compared to those with normal hearing or pure sensorineural loss at both whole‐group and between‐relatives comparisons.Conclusions:It is hypothesized that OI patients with lower BMD might be more susceptible to accumulating microfractures, which may interfere with the bone remodeling inhibition pathways in the temporal bone and, therefore, contribute to stapes footplate fixation and a conductive hearing loss component.
Implementation of ethics grand rounds in an otolaryngology department
Authors: Shuman Andrew G. , Barnosky Andrew R. , Koopmann Charles F. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To create a case‐based curriculum designed to teach and discuss the tenets of clinical medical ethics within an otolaryngology department.Study Design:Survey‐based study in a single‐institution, academic otolaryngology department.Methods:Case‐based departmental ethics grand rounds were implemented on a quarterly basis within an academic department of otolaryngology. One‐hour sessions were designed to use challenging cases volunteered by clinicians within the department to create a forum for discussion and education about clinical medical ethics. A four‐question satisfaction survey was administered to participating clinicians to measure the impact of the program.Results:Five grand rounds were held over 16 months from 2009 to 2011, with four to six cases presented per session. Sessions were well attended and received, with broad coverage of topics and lively discussions. The mean survey score was 18 (median, 19; standard deviation, 2) out of a maximum possible score of 20. When asked if the sessions helped to advance their skills and comfort within the field of medical ethics, 100% of respondents agreed or strongly agreed. A total of 86% of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that the sessions would change how they practiced medicine in a way that would benefit their patients.Conclusions:It is feasible to successfully implement case‐based ethics grand rounds within an otolaryngology department. Participants demonstrated a gratifying level of approval, and a stated desire to implement the principles learned within their clinical practice.
When FESS fails: The inflammatory load hypothesis in refractory chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Bassiouni Ahmed , Naidoo Yuresh , Wormald Peter‐John 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThrough recent advances in research, our understanding of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has evolved to consider it as an inflammatory condition of the mucosa brought about by multiple factors. However, surgical management is still ruled by the classical concepts of functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS), which emphasizes the importance of ostial obstruction and sinus ventilation. These concepts fail to provide sufficient explanation for the presence of a subset of patients with refractory CRS who fail to respond to conventional FESS. Recent outcome studies have shown that high‐grade mucosal inflammation often results in a poor outcome and that this patient group may show improved results with more radical surgery. This review examines the “inflammatory load hypothesis” as a possible explanation. We hypothesize that the grade of the inflammation is the most important predictor of long‐term outcomes. Surgery, therefore, has a significant role not only in reestablishing ventilation, but also with removing the inflammatory load in the affected sinuses. We suspect that in these severely diseased patients, a more radical removal of local proinflammatory factors during surgery may improve patient outcomes.
Endoscopic axillo‐breast approach for benign neck mass excision
Authors: Shin Yoo Seob , Chung Hyun Pil , Shin Hyang Ae , Lee Hyun Jin , Koh Yoon Woo , Choi Eun Chang 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Benign neck masses are usually found in younger patients, who are more likely to be concerned about postoperative scars. Until recently, a direct approach through a transcervical incision along the mass has been accepted as a standard surgical procedure for the benign neck mass. However, this conventional transcervical approach leaves a visible scar on the neck, regardless of the size of the incision. We assumed that an endoscopic gasless axillo‐breast (A‐B) approach might be a good alternative method for excision of benign neck masses. The aim of this study was to determine the safety and feasibility of a gasless A‐B approach for the excision of benign neck masses by comparing it to the conventional open approach.Study Design:Case series.Methods:We prospectively compared the outcomes of endoscopic removal of benign neck lesions with the outcomes of conventional open surgery.Results:Most patients in the endoscopy group were women, and the mean age was younger than in the open group. Although operative time was longer and amount of drainage was larger in the endoscopy group, there was no statistically significant difference in duration of drainage, hospitalization period, complication rate, and pain score. Endoscopically treated patients were more satisfied with the cosmetic outcome of the surgery than patients in the conventional open group.Conclusions:Endoscopic excision via an A‐B approach without gas insufflation could be a good substitute for conventional transcervical excision in selected cases of benign neck lesion.
A cost‐effectiveness analysis of positron emission tomography‐computed tomography surveillance versus up‐front neck dissection for management of the neck for N2 disease after chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Rabalais Amy , Walvekar Rohan R. , Johnson Jonas T. , Smith Kenneth J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To study the cost effectiveness of positron emission tomography‐computerized tomography (PET‐CT) scanning in the management of the neck after chemoradiotherapy (CRT).Study Design:Cost effectiveness and decision analysis model.Methods:A cost‐effectiveness analysis comparing up‐front neck dissection to serial PET‐CT imaging in a hypothetical clinical scenario of debate. A patient with an oropharygeal cancer with pretreatment N2 disease having a complete response was considered. Standardized costs were obtained using national databases. A literature review in PubMed was performed to obtain information on incidence, probabilities, and range for various clinical events in the algorithm.Results:PET‐CT strategy costs an average of $14,492 per patient. Neck dissection had a 0.6% greater efficacy in controlling neck disease with a $22,433 incremental cost.Conclusions:Our results strongly support the use of PET‐CT imaging as the more cost‐effective strategy for surveillance of neck after completion of definitive CRT compared to up‐front neck dissection.
Bessel and annular beams for materials processing
Authors: Duocastella M. , Arnold C.B. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractNon‐Gaussian beam profiles such as Bessel or annular beams enable novel approaches to modifying materials through laser‐based processing. In this review paper, properties, generation methods and emerging applications for non‐conventional beam shapes are discussed, including Bessel, annular, and vortex beams. These intensity profiles have important implications in a number of technologically relevant areas including deep‐hole drilling, photopolymerization and nanopatterning, and introduce a new dimension for materials optimization and fundamental studies of laser‐matter interactions.
Standard hepatic vein reconstruction with patch plasty using the native portal vein in adult living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Mori Akira , Kaido Toshimi , Ogura Yasuhiro , Ogawa Kohei , Hata Koichiro , Yagi Shintaro , Yoshizawa Atsushi , Isoda Hiroyoshi , Shibata Toshiya , Uemoto Shinji 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
An outflow obstruction of the hepatic vein is a critical complication after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) and occasionally leads to hepatic failure. Here we introduce a simple method for preventing outflow obstructions by patch plasty in adult LDLT. Between September 2001 and May 2010, 468 adult LDLT procedures were performed at Kyoto University Hospital. We harvested each recipient's portal vein (PV) from the extirpated liver for a patch. We intended to re-form several orifices of the hepatic veins into a single, large orifice. The patch was attached to the anterior wall of the re-formed orifice on the bench. After we put in the liver graft, the procedure for the hepatic vein anastomosis to the inferior vena cava was simple enough that the warm ischemia time was reduced. Three of the 468 cases were diagnosed with an outflow obstruction. All 3 cases underwent hepatic vein reconstruction without patch plasty. In contrast, none of the 159 cases that underwent LDLT with patch plasty suffered from an outflow obstruction, regardless of the liver graft type. The procedure for hepatic vein plasty using a patch from the native PV is simple and elegant and results in excellent outcomes. We propose this as the standard procedure for hepatic vein reconstruction in adult LDLT. Liver Transpl, 2012. © 2012 AASLD.
Photonics of a Conjugated Organometallic Pt–Ir Polymer and Its Model Compounds Exhibiting Hybrid CT Excited States
Authors: Soliman Ahmed M. , Fortin Daniel , Zysman‐Colman Eli , Harvey Pierre D. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractTrans‐ dichlorobis(tri‐n‐butylphosphine)platinum(II) reacts with bis(2‐ phenylpyridinato)‐(5,5′‐diethynyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine)iridium(III) hexafluorophosphate to form the luminescent conjugated polymer poly[trans‐[(5,5′‐ethynyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine)bis(2‐ phenylpyridinato)‐iridium(III)]bis(tri‐n‐butylphosphine)platinum(II)] hexafluorophosphate ([Pt]‐[Ir])n. Gel permeation chromatography indicates a degree of polymerization of 9 inferring the presence of an oligomer. Comparison of the absorption and emission band positions and their temperature dependence, emission quantum yields, and lifetimes with those for models containing only the [Pt] or the [Ir] units indicates hybrid excited states including features from both chromophores.
A J2‐plasticity model based on bounding surface concept
Authors: Wu R. , Harvey J. T. 
Published: January 2012

SummaryThis article presents the development of a J2 small strain plasticity model based on bounding surface concept, along with numerical examples to demonstrate model behaviors and identification of model parameter using laboratory test data. The model is motivated by the need for simulating permanent deformation accumulation of asphalt concrete mixtures, which leads to rutting in flexible pavements under repeated traffic loading. The proposed model accounts for the observation that rutting is mostly caused by shearing and takes advantage of the fact that bounding surface concept allows for the progressive accumulation of plastic deformation under constant amplitude loading condition. Analytical solutions are given for typical laboratory testing conditions. The model can be calibrated using repeated simple shear test data that are typically available for asphalt concrete mixtures. It is shown that the model is easy to use and provides a promising alternative for modeling permanent deformation accumulation in materials subjected to repetitive (cyclic) loading. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trends in the consumption of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder medications in Castilla y León (Spain): changes in the consumption pattern following the introduction of extended release methylphenidate
Authors: Treceño Carlos , Martín Arias Luis H. , Sáinz Maria , Salado Inés , García Ortega Pilar , Velasco Veronica , Jimeno Natalia , Escudero Antonio , Velasco Alfonso , Carvajal Alfonso 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTBackgroundAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most diagnosed behavioural disorder in children and adolescents; prevalence has been estimated around 5%. Studies have shown an increase in the use of ADHD medications during the last years. The aim of the present study was to learn the pattern and the evolution of ADHD medication consumption in Castilla y León (Spain).MethodConsumption data for the period 1992–2009 were obtained from databases containing information upon consumption and cost of medications dispensed by pharmacies at the expense of the Spanish National Health System. The data were expressed in defined daily doses (DDDs) per 1000 inhabitants per day (DDD/1000 inhabitants/day). A model to forecast consumption was built.ResultsAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder medication consumption increased in Castilla y León from 0.1 DDD/1000 inhabitants/day in 1992 to 1.5 DDD/1000 inhabitants/day in 2009; expected consumption will reach 2.5 DDD/1000 inhabitants/day by 2013. The drugs accounting for this increase were mainly made up of methylphenidate preparations (1.4 DDD/1000 inhabitants/day in 2009). From 1992 to 1999, there was a slight reduction in methylphenidate use; following amphetamine withdrawal, the consumption of stimulants began to increase, and figures showed a sharp rise after marketing of extended‐release formulations in 2003.ConclusionsThere has been an enormous increase in ADHD medication consumption in Castilla y León in the last few years; increase rocketed when extended‐release methylphenidate was marketed. A rapid increase in the consumption is a warning on possible overdiagnosis and inappropriate prescription. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A meta‐analytic review of the cover‐copy‐compare and variations of this self‐management procedure
Authors: Joseph Laurice M. , Konrad Moira , Cates Gary , Vajcner Terra , Eveleigh Elisha , Fishley Katelyn M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractStudies that examined copy‐cover‐compare (CCC) and variations of this procedure were reviewed and analyzed. This review revealed a substantial number of studies that validated the use of CCC across spelling and math skills and across students with and without disabilities. A meta‐analysis of findings indicated that CCC and variations of this procedure were effective for helping students acquire and become fluent in academic skills. The strongest effects were evident when CCC and variations of this procedure were combined with other evidence‐based instructional components. Limitations, future directions for research, and recommendations for practice are offered. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Role of student engagement in the resilience of african american adolescents from low‐income rural communities
Authors: Irvin Matthew J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe study sought to determine whether behavioral and psychological engagement in middle school served a protective or promotive role, thereby contributing to the resilience of African American youth from low‐income rural communities. Teacher reports of adjustment (i.e., aggression, academic competence, popularity) in the sixth grade were gathered. Data on behavioral and psychological engagement across the seventh and eighth grade were collected from student self‐reports. In the ninth grade, achievement data were obtained from school grades and peer assessments measured aggression. To identify profiles across multiple behavioral measures that increase risk, early adjustment configurations were derived from sixth grade teacher reports. Regression analyses indicated that youth with Troubled, Tough, and Disengaged profiles were at risk for difficulties in subsequent achievement and/or aggression. In addition, behavioral and psychological engagement had a main effect relation with achievement and/or aggression, indicating that engagement served a promotive role. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Manufacture and demonstration of organic photovoltaic‐powered electrochromic displays using roll coating methods and printable electrolytes
Authors: Jensen Jacob , Dam Henrik F. , Reynolds John R. , Dyer Aubrey L. , Krebs Frederik C. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractElectrochromic devices (ECDs) were prepared on flexible substrates using spray coating and slot‐die coating methods. The electrochromic materials were the conjugated electroactive polymers, poly((2,2‐bis(2‐ethylhexyloxymethyl)‐propylene‐1,3‐dioxy)‐3,4‐thiophene‐2,5‐diyl) as a vibrantly colored active material (ECP‐Magenta) and poly(N‐octadecyl‐(propylene‐1,3‐dioxy)‐3,4‐pyrrole‐2,5‐diyl) as a minimally colored, charge balancing material (MCCP). Two electrolyte systems were compared to allow development of fully printable and laminated devices on flexible substrates. Devices of various sizes, up to 7 × 8 cm2, are demonstrated with pixelated devices containing pixel sizes of 4 × 4 mm2 or 13 × 13 mm2. The transmission contrast exhibited by the devices, when switched between the fully bleached and fully colored state, was 58% at a visible wavelength of 550 nm, and the devices exhibited switching times of <10 s. Additionally, we demonstrate the utilization of printed organic photovoltaic devices (with or without the use of a lithium‐polymer battery) to power the devices between the colored and bleached state, illustrating a self‐powered ECD. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2012
Antimicrobial activity of peptides derived from human ß‐amyloid precursor protein
Authors: Papareddy Praveen , Mörgelin Matthias , Walse Björn , Schmidtchen Artur , Malmsten Martin 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTAntimicrobial peptides are important effector molecules of the innate immune system. Here, we describe that peptides derived from the heparin‐binding disulfide‐constrained loop region of human ß‐amyloid precursor protein are antimicrobial. The peptides investigated were linear and cyclic forms of NWCKRGRKQCKTHPH (NWC15) as well as the cyclic form comprising the C‐terminal hydrophobic amino acid extension FVIPY (NWCKRGRKQCKTHPHFVIPY; NWC20c). Compared with the benchmark antimicrobial peptide LL‐37, these peptides efficiently killed the Gram‐negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the Gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, and the fungi Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis. Correspondingly, fluorescence and electron microscopy demonstrated that the peptides caused defects in bacterial membranes. Analogously, the peptides permeabilised negatively charged liposomes. Despite their bactericidal effect, the peptides displayed very limited hemolytic activities within the concentration range investigated and exerted very small membrane permeabilising effects on human epithelial cells. The efficiency of the peptides with respect to bacterial killing and liposome membrane leakage was in the order NWC20c > NWC15c > NWC15l, which also correlated to the adsorption density for these peptides at the model lipid membrane. Thus, whereas the cationic sequence is a minimum determinant for antimicrobial action, a constrained loop‐structure as well as a hydrophobic extension further contributes to membrane permeabilising activity of this region of amyloid precursor protein. Copyright © 2012 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seismic evaluation of reduced beam section frames considering connection flexibility
Authors: Ghassemieh M. , Kiani J. 
Published: January 2012

SUMMARYIn the present article, the seismic performance of frames with reduced beam section (RBS) connections is evaluated. A key purpose of this study is the inclusion of connections flexibility in the seismic performance of RBS frames. Almost in every research projects carried out on seismic performance and design of RBS frames, the beam‐to‐column connection is typically assumed as fully rigid. The results of nonlinear finite element analysis performed on investigating the local performance of RBS connection reveal that they are within the American Institute of Steel Construction‐defined semirigid connections. Three building frames, including 4, 8 and 16 stories considering the semirigid connection as well as fully rigid connection, are considered. A numerical study of the overall seismic response of the building frames subjected to near as well as far field earthquake ground motions using nonlinear static and/or nonlinear dynamic analysis is presented. Results in terms of inter‐story drifts, total drifts, story shears and shear deformation in panel zone indicate that overlooking the flexibility of beam‐to‐column connections may lead to erroneous conclusions and unsafe seismic behavior that subsequently become significant in some cases. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.