bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulsed-Bed Column Adsorption for Triclosan Removal Using Macadamia Nut Shell Activated Carbon
Authors: Yimrattanabovorn Jareeya , Phalaiphai Mananya , Nawong Siriwan 
Published: June 2024

Triclosan (TCS), a common antibacterial agent found in numerous personal care products, has been detected in wastewater and surface water and is now of significant environmental concern due to its health impacts. To mitigate this issue, various treatment methods have been explored. This study investigated the efficacy of Macadamia nut shell activated carbon (MAC) as an economical adsorbent for triclosan removal. A pulsed-bed column adsorption technique was applied to enhance adsorption capacity and prolong the operational lifespan of the column. Batch experiments were conducted to explore various parameters and adsorption capacity. Column experiments were carried out to investigate breakthrough curves and various associated parameters. In batch experiments, MAC exhibited a high TCS adsorption capacity of 119.05 mg/g, and optimal adsorption conditions were determined. Adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model, and equilibrium data were well-fitted by both the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. A pulsed-bed column adsorption showed superior performance compared to a fixed-bed column under specific conditions (flow rate: 10 mL/min, TCS initial concentration: 60 mg/L, bed column height: 10 cm) and removal bed height of only 6 cm, successfully enhancing TCS adsorption capacity to 53.40 mg/g and extending the operational lifespan of the column to 5,280 minutes. Adapting pulsed-bed columns for TCS removal from wastewater in the personal care product industry led to the extension of column life with increased adsorption capacity and minimized the use of adsorbents as a practical and environmentally friendly method. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-05-019 Full Text: PDF
Effectiveness of SMOTE-ENN to Reduce Complexity in Classification Model
Authors: Riantika Ines , Sartono Bagus , Anwar Notodiputro Khairil 
Published: June 2024

A failure to produce classification models with high performance might be caused by the dataset's characteristics, such as the between-class overlapping and the class imbalance. The higher the data complexity, the more complicated it is for the algorithm to find good models. Combining the issues of class imbalance and overlapping would make the problem more challenging. To deal with this problem, this research implemented a hybrid class-balancing technique named SMOTE-ENN. This technique adds observations to the minority class to balance the class frequencies. After that, it removes some observations to reduce the degree of overlapping. The research revealed that SMOTE-ENN succeeds in doing that. We employed a random forest method to evaluate it. In 28 out of 46 cases we investigated, the new datasets generated by SMOTE-ENN could produce models with higher accuracy.
STUDY SOME TAXONOMIC ASPECTS OF THE TWO SPECIES Limonium meyeri (Boiss.) Kuntze AND Limonium thouinii (Viv.) Kuntze, IN IRAQ
Authors: AL-Amery Shaemaa Muhi Hasson , Al-Qaraawi Hanan Ahmed Hadi , Abu-Serag Nidaa Adnan , Jassim Yazi Abdullah 
Published: June 2024

The research aims to separate two species of the genus Limonium (Limonium meyeri and Limonium tuinii) using some Morphological and anatomical characters as taxonomic evidence. The current research included the study of the micro-characteristics of pollen grains and some anatomical characteristics of the stem and leaf using the light and Scanning electron microscope for separation of the species. The attributes of pollen grains (the size of the pollen, the germinating aperture width, and the surface ornamentation). The average length of the polar axis in the polar view reached 45 µm in L. meyeri and 35 µm in L. thouinii. In addition to the variation in the width of the germination aperture width, which was 17.5 µm in L. meyeri and 7.5 µm in L. thouinii. as well as the variations in the characteristics of the epidermal cells and the cross-section of the stems, are of good taxonomic importance to separate the two species. The research confirmed that the micro-characteristics of pollen grains and the anatomical characteristics are of complementary taxonomic importance to the morphological traits in separating genera and species.
Keywords: Plumbaginaceae; pollen grains; anatomy of the stem.

Aspectos taxonômicos das espécies vegetais Limonium meyeri (Boiss.) Kuntze e Limonium tuinii (Viv.) Kuntze, no Iraque

RESUMO: Esta pesquisa objetivou separar duas espécies do gênero Limonium (Limonium meyeri e Limonium tuinii) utilizando alguns caracteres morfológicos e anatômicos como evidência taxonômica. A presente pesquisa incluiu o estudo das micro características dos grãos de pólen e algumas características anatômicas do caule e da folha utilizando o microscópio óptico e eletrônico de varredura para separação das espécies. Os atributos dos grãos de pólen (tamanho do pólen, largura da abertura de germinação e ornamentação da superfície). O comprimento médio do eixo polar na visão polar atingiu 45 µm em L. meyeri e 35 µm em L. tuinii. Além da variação na largura da abertura de germinação, que foi de 17,5 µm em L. meyeri e 7,5 µm em L. tuinii. As variações nas características das células epidérmicas e na secção transversal dos caules, foram importantes caracteres taxonômicos para separar as duas espécies. A pesquisa confirmou que as micro características dos grãos de pólen e as características anatômicas são de importância taxonômica complementar às características morfológicas na separação de gêneros e espécies.
Palavras-chave: Plumbaginaceae; grãos de pólen; anatomia do caule.
Pemanfaatan E-Commerce Dalam Pemasaran Produk Minyak Jelantah (Mijel)
Authors: Suherman Suherman , Dewi Minarwati , Bustan Andi , Mustika Maya , Kalalinggi Septaria Yolan , Septya Lia 
Published: June 2024

E-commerce will be a strong indispensabe business structure in moments’s and arising information age. But some people do not understand the benefits of using electronic commerce. So that the fidelity was carried out to introduce the use of e-commerce, Market Place, and Online Shop to PKK maters in Menteng in vill. The socialization was held on Sunday, October 25, 2023 in Menteng sub-district, which was attended by 14 PKK maters. This service began with socialization of the Application of E-Commerce, Market Place and Online Shop and continued with discussion. Participants were veritably enthusiastic during the question and answer session, this was shown by the average pre-test results from 65% to 98% (post-test). So it can be concluded that PKK maters are enthusiastic about exercising and understanding the benefits and uses of e-commerce, Market Place and Online Shop. This training is important so that PKK maters can make good use of various types of electronic commerce for their mijel products and other business products.
A novel method of swin transformer with time-frequency characteristics for ECG-based arrhythmia detection
Authors: Chen Siyuan , Wang Hao , Zhang Huijie , Peng Cailiang , Li Yang , Wang Bing 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionArrhythmia is an important indication of underlying cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and is prevalent worldwide. Accurate diagnosis of arrhythmia is crucial for timely and effective treatment. Electrocardiogram (ECG) plays a key role in the diagnosis of arrhythmia. With the continuous development of deep learning and machine learning processes in the clinical field, ECG processing algorithms have significantly advanced the field with timely and accurate diagnosis of arrhythmia.MethodsIn this study, we combined the wavelet time-frequency maps with the novel Swin Transformer deep learning model for the automatic detection of cardiac arrhythmias. In specific practice, we used the MIT-BIH arrhythmia dataset, and to improve the signal quality, we removed the high-frequency noise, artifacts, electromyographic noise and respiratory motion effects in the ECG signals by the wavelet thresholding method; we used the complex Morlet wavelet for the feature extraction, and plotted wavelet time-frequency maps to visualise the time-frequency information of the ECG; we introduced the Swin Transformer model for classification and achieve high classification accuracy of ECG signals through hierarchical construction and self attention mechanism, and combines windowed multi-head self-attention (W-MSA) and shifted window-based multi-head self-attention (SW-MSA) to comprehensively utilise the local and global information.ResultsTo enhance the confidence of the experimental results, we evaluated the performance using intra-patient and inter-patient paradigm analyses, and the model classification accuracies reached 99.34% and 98.37%, respectively, which are better than the currently available detection methods.DiscussionThe results reveal that our proposed method is superior to currently available methods for detecting arrhythmia ECG. This provides a new idea for ECG based arrhythmia diagnosis.
Prediction model of preeclampsia using machine learning based methods: a population based cohort study in China
Authors: Li Taishun , Xu Mingyang , Wang Yuan , Wang Ya , Tang Huirong , Duan Honglei , Zhao Guangfeng , Zheng Mingming , Hu Yali 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionPreeclampsia is a disease with an unknown pathogenesis and is one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity. At present, early identification of high-risk groups for preeclampsia and timely intervention with aspirin is an effective preventive method against preeclampsia. This study aims to develop a robust and effective preeclampsia prediction model with good performance by machine learning algorithms based on maternal characteristics, biophysical and biochemical markers at 11–13 + 6 weeks’ gestation, providing an effective tool for early screening and prediction of preeclampsia.MethodsThis study included 5116 singleton pregnant women who underwent PE screening and fetal aneuploidy from a prospective cohort longitudinal study in China. Maternal characteristics (such as maternal age, height, pre-pregnancy weight), past medical history, mean arterial pressure, uterine artery pulsatility index, pregnancy-associated plasma protein A, and placental growth factor were collected as the covariates for the preeclampsia prediction model. Five classification algorithms including Logistic Regression, Extra Trees Classifier, Voting Classifier, Gaussian Process Classifier and Stacking Classifier were applied for the prediction model development. Five-fold cross-validation with an 8:2 train-test split was applied for model validation.ResultsWe ultimately included 49 cases of preterm preeclampsia and 161 cases of term preeclampsia from the 4644 pregnant women data in the final analysis. Compared with other prediction algorithms, the AUC and detection rate at 10% FPR of the Voting Classifier algorithm showed better performance in the prediction of preterm preeclampsia (AUC=0.884, DR at 10%FPR=0.625) under all covariates included. However, its performance was similar to that of other model algorithms in all PE and term PE prediction. In the prediction of all preeclampsia, the contribution of PLGF was higher than PAPP-A (11.9% VS 8.7%), while the situation was opposite in the prediction of preterm preeclampsia (7.2% VS 16.5%). The performance for preeclampsia or preterm preeclampsia using machine learning algorithms was similar to that achieved by the fetal medicine foundation competing risk model under the same predictive factors (AUCs of 0.797 and 0.856 for PE and preterm PE, respectively).ConclusionsOur models provide an accessible tool for large-scale population screening and prediction of preeclampsia, which helps reduce the disease burden and improve maternal and fetal outcomes.
Shared genetic links between hypothyroidism and psychiatric disorders: evidence from a comprehensive genetic analysis
Authors: Zhou Jianlong , Zhu Lv 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundEpidemiologic studies have suggested co-morbidity between hypothyroidism and psychiatric disorders. However, the shared genetic etiology and causal relationship between them remain currently unclear.MethodsWe assessed the genetic correlations between hypothyroidism and psychiatric disorders [anxiety disorders (ANX), schizophrenia (SCZ), major depressive disorder (MDD), and bipolar disorder (BIP)] using summary association statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Two disease-associated pleiotropic risk loci and genes were identified, and pathway enrichment, tissue enrichment, and other analyses were performed to determine their specific functions. Furthermore, we explored the causal relationship between them through Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.ResultsWe found significant genetic correlations between hypothyroidism with ANX, SCZ, and MDD, both in the Linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) approach and the high-definition likelihood (HDL) approach. Meanwhile, the strongest correlation was observed between hypothyroidism and MDD (LDSC: rg=0.264, P=7.35×10-12; HDL: rg=0.304, P=4.14×10-17). We also determined a significant genetic correlation between MDD with free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. A total of 30 pleiotropic risk loci were identified between hypothyroidism and psychiatric disorders, of which the 15q14 locus was identified in both ANX and SCZ (P values are 6.59×10-11 and 2.10×10-12, respectively) and the 6p22.1 locus was identified in both MDD and SCZ (P values are 1.05×10-8 and 5.75×10-14, respectively). Sixteen pleiotropic risk loci were identified between MDD and indicators of thyroid function, of which, four loci associated with MDD (1p32.3, 6p22.1, 10q21.1, 11q13.4) were identified in both FT4 normal level and Hypothyroidism. Further, 79 pleiotropic genes were identified using Magma gene analysis (P&lt;0.05/18776 = 2.66×10-6). Tissue-specific enrichment analysis revealed that these genes were highly enriched into six brain-related tissues. The pathway analysis mainly involved nucleosome assembly and lipoprotein particles. Finally, our two-sample MR analysis showed a significant causal effect of MDD on the increased risk of hypothyroidism, and BIP may reduce TSH normal levels.ConclusionsOur findings not only provided evidence of a shared genetic etiology between hypothyroidism and psychiatric disorders, but also provided insights into the causal relationships and biological mechanisms that underlie their relationship. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the pleiotropy between hypothyroidism and psychiatric disorders, while having important implications for intervention and treatment goals for these disorders.
Analysis of spatiotemporal land use change characteristics in the upper watershed area of the Qingshui River basin from 1990 to 2020
Authors: Wang Lei , Wang Na , Pang Min , Zhang Qing , Wei Dan , Li Yan , An Zhizhuang , Jin Liang 
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Land use land cover (LULC) change is an important factor driving global change, influenced by the interaction between human activities and natural ecosystems. The upper watershed of the Qingshui River is adversely affected due to anthropogenic activities. Therefore, analyzing the driving factors of land use changes in this area is crucial for ecological protection and sustainable development.Methods: Based on the long-term Landsat image data from 1990–2020, the spatiotemporal change characteristics of the LULC rate and its driving factors in the upper watershed of the Qingshui River basin were analyzed using the land use transfer matrix and dynamic degree of land use processes. The redundancy analysis was performed to investigate the links between LULC changes, socio-economic and climatic variables.Results: From 1990–2020, the area under waters and woodland decreased by −2.94 km2 and −451.44 km2, respectively. Meanwhile, grassland, arable land, construction land, and unused land area increased by 278.71 km2, 115.72 km2, 46.48 km2 and 13.49 km2. In terms of the proportion area to the total land (2334.10 km2), woodland accounted for 63.43–44.09% of the total land and was mainly distributed in the east; arable land was 17.00–21.96% and was largely distributed on both sides of the middle and lower parts of the basin; construction land comprised 1.03–3.02% and was generally found in flat areas near the downstream and water area was only 0.1–0.01% which primarily covered the Qingshui River and its tributaries from 1990–2020. Construction and unused lands showed the fastest rate of change, followed by water area and grasslands. Accelerated urbanization, rapid socio-economic development, and the farmland-to-forest policy were the main driving forces behind the change in LULC in the upper reaches of the Qingshui River.Discussion: The findings of this study can assist in planning strong management strategies for ecological protection and socio-economic sustainable development in the study area.
The correlation between serum calcium levels and prognosis in patients with severe acute osteomyelitis
Authors: Liu Yunlong , Zheng Yan , Ding Sheng 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between serum calcium levels and the prognosis of severe acute osteomyelitis, and to assess the effectiveness of calcium levels in prognostic evaluation.MethodsRelevant patient records of individuals diagnosed with severe acute osteomyelitis were obtained for this retrospective study from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC-IV). The study aimed to assess the impact of different indicators on prognosis by utilizing COX regression analysis. To enhance prognostic prediction for critically ill patients, a nomogram was developed. The discriminatory capacity of the nomogram was evaluated using the Area Under the Curve (AUC) of the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve, in addition to the calibration curve.ResultThe study analyzed a total of 1,133 cases of severe acute osteomyelitis, divided into the survivor group (1,025 cases) and the non-survivor group (108 cases). Significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of age, hypertension, sepsis, renal injury, and various laboratory indicators, including WBC, PLT, Ca2+, CRP, hemoglobin, albumin, and creatinine (P&lt;0.05). However, no significant differences were found in race, gender, marital status, detection of wound microbiota, blood sugar, lactate, and ALP levels. A multivariate COX proportional hazards model was constructed using age, hypertension, sepsis, Ca2+, creatinine, albumin, and hemoglobin as variables. The results revealed that hypertension and sepsis had a significant impact on survival time (HR=0.514, 95% CI 0.339–0.779, P=0.002; HR=1.696, 95% CI 1.056–2.723, P=0.029). Age, hemoglobin, Ca2+, albumin, and creatinine also showed significant effects on survival time (P&lt;0.05). However, no statistically significant impact on survival time was observed for the other variables (P&gt;0.05). To predict the survival time, a nomogram was developed using the aforementioned indicators and achieved an AUC of 0.841. The accuracy of the nomogram was further confirmed by the ROC curve and calibration curve.ConclusionAccording to the findings, this study establishes that a reduction in serum calcium levels serves as a distinct and standalone predictor of mortality among individuals diagnosed with severe acute osteomyelitis during their stay in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) within a span of two years.
Efficacy and safety of PD-1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy with or without endostatin for stage IV lung squamous cancer: a retrospective study
Authors: Lv Chengliu , Wu Yahua , Gu Weiwei , Du Bin , Yao Na , Zhu Yingjiao , Zheng Jianping , Hong Yaping , Lai Jinhuo 
Published: June 2024

BackgroudThe study aimed to analyze the efficacy and safety of PD-1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy with or without endostatin for stage IV lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC).MethodsA total of 219 patients with stage IV LUSC were included. 120 received PD-1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy with or without endostatin (IC ± A), of which 39 received endostatin (IC+A) and 81 did not receive endostatin (IC-A). 99 received chemotherapy with or without endostatin (C ± A). Endpoints included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), adverse events (AEs), and immune-related adverse events (irAEs).ResultsThe median PFS in the IC ± A group versus the C ± A group was 8 and 4 months (P &lt; 0.001), and the median OS was 17 and 9 months (P &lt; 0.001). There was no significant difference in any grade AEs between the IC ± A and C ± A groups (P &gt; 0.05). The median PFS in the IC+A group versus the IC-A group was 11 and 7 months (P = 0.024), and the median OS was 34 and 15 months (P = 0.01). There was no significant difference between the IC+A group and the IC-A group for all grade AEs and irAEs (P &gt; 0.05). The subgroup analysis showed that patients with LIPI = 0 had significant OS and PFS benefits in IC+A group, while for patients with LIPI = 1–2, there was no significant difference in OS and PFS benefits between the IC+A group and IC-A group.ConclusionsPD-1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy with endostatin might be first-line treatment for patients with stage IV LUSC.
Structural diversity of Leiopathes glaberrima populations in the strait of Sicily: from pristine to declining forests
Authors: Giova Antonio , Canese Simonepietro , Donelli Benedetta Zoe , Romeo Teresa , Greco Silvestro 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionThe black coral Leiopathes glaberrima is a key component of deep-sea animal forests of the Western Mediterranean and North-Atlantic hard bottoms. Due to its ecological role, biological characteristics and sensitivity to fishing activities, it has been included in the Annex II of the Barcelona Convention, listed as an endangered species in IUCN Red Lists, and recognized as an indicator of Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems by the FAO.MethodsDuring a survey conducted in the Strait of Sicily, 140 ROV transects were carried out allowing the characterization of environmental preferences, associated fauna and population structure of L. glaberrima in the study area.Results and discussion1020 colonies were distributed between 165 and 672 meters and arranged in 17 patches and isolated colonies. The average height was determined to be 40.9 ± 1.0 cm, with the range spanning from a minimum of 5 cm up to nearby 200 cm. Pristine colonies accounted for 62.9%, mainly constituted by small-sized individuals densely aggregated (up to 14.5/m2 in a single frame) in the eastern part of the area. 24.5% of the specimens were dead and localized in the western margin where we reported a rare case of mass mortality in the deep-sea environment and the first ever described for black corals, opening new scenarios regarding the possibility that these events can occur in environments previously considered safe from danger. The triggering causes of these events in inaccessible environments are actually only hypothesized, but it is not to be excluded that, sooner or later, a similar effect could potentially result from anthropogenic climate changes.