bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The scientific rules, roles, and values that life sciences doctoral students want to see upheld by undergraduate researchers
Authors: Busch Carly A. , Nadile Erika M. , Mohammed Tasneem F. , Gin Logan E. , Brownell Sara E. , Cooper Katelyn M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractArticulating the rules, roles, and values that are expected of undergraduate researchers is important as we strive to create a more accessible path into the scientific community. Rules refer to skills required of scientists, roles refer to behaviors consistent with the expectations of a scientist, and values refer to beliefs of the scientific community. Doctoral student mentors have great potential to serve as agents of influence for undergraduate researchers as undergraduates engage in the process of learning to be a scientist through legitimate peripheral participation. As such, we argue that doctoral students are partially responsible for identifying and promoting the rules, roles, and values that undergraduate researchers develop in scientific research. However, few studies have examined what rules, roles, and values are appreciated, or perceived as desirable, by doctoral students and thus expected of undergraduate research mentees. To address this gap, we surveyed 835 life sciences doctoral students who had mentored or would eventually mentor undergraduate researchers. We assessed what qualities and beliefs they appreciate in undergraduate researchers and what advice they would give to undergraduates to maximize their experiences in research. We analyzed their open‐ended responses using inductive coding and identified specific rules (e.g., effectively communicate), roles (e.g., demonstrate a strong work ethic), and values (e.g., be driven by intrinsic passion) that doctoral students wrote about. We used logistic regression to determine whether demographics predicted differences among doctoral student responses. We found that gender, race/ethnicity, and college generation status predicted what rules, roles, and values doctoral students appreciated and advised undergraduates to adopt. This research illuminates what rules, roles, and values undergraduate researchers are expected to uphold and identifies relationships between mentor identities and the advice they pass on to students.
Versorgungsrealität des Ösophaguskarzinoms im Bundesland Brandenburg
Authors: Loew Andreas , Schneider Constanze , Pflüger Maren , Mantke René , Weylandt Karsten H. , Gretschel Stephan 
Published: June 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Klinische Krebsregister sollen durch differenzierte Datenauswertung die Versorgungsrealität abbilden und ggf. Ansätze für Verbesserung der Versorgung bieten.

Methode
Für die Jahre 2000 bis 2018 wurden die Daten des klinisch-epidemiologischen Krebsregisters Brandenburg-Berlin bezüglich Epidemiologie und Versorgungsrealität getrennt nach Adeno- und Plattenepithelkarzinom untersucht.

Ergebnisse
Zwischen 2000 und 2018 wurden 3207 Ösophaguskarzinome im Krebsregister dokumentiert, davon waren 2182 Plattenepithelkarzinome (ESCC), 843 Adenokarzinome (EAC) und 182 verschiedene andere oder fehlende Histologien. Im Beobachtungszeitraum zeigte sich eine deutliche Dominanz der ESCC, jedoch mit einer signifikanten Zunahme der EAC bei beiden Geschlechtern. Die Neuerkrankungsrate war insgesamt für Männer 5fach höher als für Frauen. Die relative 5‑Jahres-Überlebenswahrscheinlichkeit aller Ösophaguskarzinome lag bei Männern bei 17,4 % und bei Frauen bei 22,5 %. Patienten mit EAC überlebten signifikant länger als mit ESCC. Als Therapiemethoden kamen überwiegend Strahlen- und Chemotherapie, einzeln oder in Kombination, zum Einsatz. Operiert wurden 19 % der Plattenepithel- und 42 % der Adenokarzinome.

Schlussfolgerung
Der Anteil der ESCC ist in Brandenburg immer noch deutlich höher als der der EAC, wobei für Letztere, insbesondere bei Männern, ein signifikanter Anstieg zu verzeichnen ist. Obwohl lokal fortgeschrittene Tumoren deutlich häufiger auftraten, sind moderne neoadjuvante Konzepte bisher selten dokumentiert und obwohl die Qualität der Operationen mit dem internationalen Standard vergleichbar ist, werden nur relativ wenige Patienten operiert.
Clinical impact of CEUS on non-characterizable observations and observations with intermediate probability of malignancy on CT/MRI in patients at risk for HCC
Authors: Kono Yuko , Piscaglia F. , Wilson S. R. , Medellin A. , Rodgers S. K. , Planz V. , Kamaya A. , Fetzer D. T. , Berzigotti A. , Sidhu P. S. , Wessner C. E. , Bradigan K. , Kuon Yeng Escalante Cristina M. , Siu Xiao T. , Eisenbrey J. R. , Forsberg F. , Lyshchik A. ,   CEUS LI-RADS Trial Group, Yusuf Gibran T. , Suddle Abid , Rafailidis Vasileios D. , Mulazzani Lorenzo , Granito Alessandro , Terzi Eleonora , Forgione Antonella , Giamperoli Alice , Stefanini Bernardo , Radu Iuliana-Pompilia , Finch Lisa , Singal Amit G. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a unique cancer allowing tumor diagnosis with identification of definitive patterns of enhancement on contrast-enhanced imaging, avoiding invasive biopsy. However, it is still unclear to what extent Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) is a clinically useful additional step when Computed tomography (CT) or Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are inconclusive.

Methods
A prospective international multicenter validation study for CEUS Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) was conducted between January 2018 and August 2021. 646 patients at risk for HCC with focal liver lesions were enrolled. CEUS was performed using an intravenous ultrasound contrast agent within 4 weeks of CT/MRI. Liver nodules were categorized based on LI-RADS (LR) criteria. Histology or one-year follow-up CT/MRI imaging results were used as the reference standard. The diagnostic performance of CEUS was evaluated for inconclusive CT/MRI scan in two scenarios for which the AASLD recommends repeat imaging or imaging follow-up: observations deemed non-characterizable (LR-NC) or with indeterminate probability of malignancy (LR-3).

Results
75 observations on CT or MRI were categorized as LR-3 (n = 54) or LR-NC (n = 21) CEUS recategorization of such observations into a different LR category (namely, into one among LR-1, LR-2, LR-5, LR-M, or LR-TIV) resulted in management recommendation changes in 33.3% (25/75) and in all but one (96.0%, 24/25) observation, the new management recommendations were correct.

Conclusion
CEUS LI-RADS resulted in management recommendations change in substantial number of liver observations with initial indeterminate CT/MRI characterization, identifying both non-malignant lesions and HCC, potentially accelerating the diagnostic process and alleviating the need for biopsy or follow-up imaging.
ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03318380.
A new deep neural network for forecasting: Deep dendritic artificial neural network
Authors: Egrioglu Erol , Bas Eren 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDeep artificial neural networks have become a good alternative to classical forecasting methods in solving forecasting problems. Popular deep neural networks classically use additive aggregation functions in their cell structures. It is available in the literature that the use of multiplicative aggregation functions in shallow artificial neural networks produces successful results for the forecasting problem. A type of high-order shallow artificial neural network that uses multiplicative aggregation functions is the dendritic neuron model artificial neural network, which has successful forecasting performance. In this study, the transformation of the dendritic neuron model turned into a multi-output architecture. A new dendritic cell based on the multi-output dendritic neuron model and a new deep artificial neural network is proposed. The training of this new deep dendritic artificial neural network is carried out with the differential evolution algorithm. The forecasting performance of the deep dendritic artificial neural network is compared with basic classical forecasting methods and some recent shallow and deep artificial neural networks over stock market time series. As a result, it has been observed that deep dendritic artificial neural network produces very successful forecasting results for the forecasting problem.
Photobiomodulation in the aging brain: a systematic review from animal models to humans
Authors: Rodríguez-Fernández Lucía , Zorzo Candela , Arias Jorge L. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAging is a multifactorial biological process that may be associated with cognitive decline. Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a non-pharmacological therapy that shows promising results in the treatment or prevention of age-related cognitive impairments. The aim of this review is to compile the preclinical and clinical evidence of the effect of PBM during aging in healthy and pathological conditions, including behavioral analysis and neuropsychological assessment, as well as brain-related modifications. 37 studies were identified by searching in PubMed, Scopus, and PsycInfo databases. Most studies use wavelengths of 800, 810, or 1064 nm but intensity and days of application were highly variable. In animal studies, it has been shown improvements in spatial memory, episodic-like memory, social memory, while different results have been found in recognition memory. Locomotor activity improved in Parkinson disease models. In healthy aged humans, it has been outlined improvements in working memory, cognitive inhibition, and lexical/semantic access, while general cognition was mainly enhanced on Alzheimer disease or mild cognitive impairment. Anxiety assessment is scarce and shows mixed results. As for brain activity, results outline promising effects of PBM in reversing metabolic alterations and enhancing mitochondrial function, as evidenced by restored CCO activity and ATP levels. Additionally, PBM demonstrated neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and hemodynamic effects. The findings suggest that PBM holds promise as a non-invasive intervention for enhancing cognitive function, and in the modulation of brain functional reorganization. It is necessary to develop standardized protocols for the correct, beneficial, and homogeneous use of PBM.
Finding Value in Emergency General Surgery
Authors: Follette Craig J. , Grimes Arthur D. , Detelich Danielle M. , Martin R. Shayn 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Surgical practice in the United States is evolving rapidly, driven in part by high-impact technological developments, the proliferation of surgical specialization and an aging population with high demand for medical services. This has been accompanied by an unsustainable rise in healthcare costs. Hospital systems are under immense economic pressure to contain costs, maximize reimbursement while also providing high quality patient care. It is in this context that the following article describes both the development of dedicated emergency general surgery (EGS) services and the unique and essential role they have in this ever-changing healthcare system.

Recent Findings
Emergency surgical care is both costly and in high demand, placing a significant burden on providers and the overall care system. Rather than serving as a mere stopgap, EGS services function to provide expedient, specialized, and comprehensive care for critically ill patients while also reducing the burden on other surgical subspecialties.

Summary
Emergency General Surgery services are in the unique position to maximize value, without compromising quality, for the benefit of patients, providers, and the healthcare system.
Alloy modification and ultrasonic-assisted milling of wear-resistant alloys with defined surfaces
Authors: Giese M. , Graebner M. , Schroepfer D. , Treutler K. , Lorenz S. , Kannengiesser T. , Wesling V. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe reduction of CO2 emissions is closely linked to the development of highly efficient and economical steel components in plant and process engineering. To withstand the high combined corrosive, tribological, thermal, and mechanical stresses, wear-resistant coatings tailored to the application and steel grade are used. In addition to the increasing demand to substitute conventional cobalt alloys with nickel alloys, there is also a growing need for defined or functional surfaces of high integrity. Due to high tool wear, milling operations required to produce the complex geometries of the components are often not economically feasible for SMEs. By means of alloy modification of the filler metals for nickel-based plasma build-up welded wear-resistant coatings and by the use of innovative ultrasonic-assisted milling processes more favourable machinability shall be achieved without reducing the wear protection potential. In this paper, the influence of the microstructure and precipitation morphology adjusted by means of alloy modification on the machinability is investigated. This is done based on a wear protection alloy NiCrMoSiFeB (trade name: Colmonoy 56 PTA) typically used for screw machines, which substitutes conventional CoCr alloys (Stellite). Metallurgical investigations and in-situ measurements of occurring process forces and temperatures at the tool cutting edge during milling as well as subsequent investigations of tool wear and surface integrity allow a detailed analysis and correlation between microstructural properties and machinability. For the cast samples, a clear change in the microstructure and hardness can be seen through the addition of Al, Ti, or Nb. These differences lead to an improvement in the machining process for Nb. Al and Ti cause long-needled or star-shaped precipitations and hardness increases, which lead to higher cutting forces and increased tool wear.
Grandparents “on board”: How they translate into the households’ fertility decisions
Authors: Chybalski Filip , Marcinkiewicz Edyta 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe test whether the co-residence of older parents with their adult children of reproductive age increases the chance of them forming a multichild family. Using data from Wave X of the Luxembourg Wealth Study (LWS) and multinomial logistic regression, we model the number of children using the binary variable informing if there is an older household member (or not) as the main predictor and controlling for other socio-economic household attributes. Our data set covers 11 European countries. The results do not support the view that intergenerational households in which an elderly person lives include more children. Thus, we do not find evidence that the co-residence of two adult generations of pensioner parents and their working-age children translates into the households’ fertility decisions and stimulates growth in the number of multichild families. What can affect it is the gender equality policy facilitating solving the motherhood–work conflict for families and women.
Spatial modelling of present and future groundwater potentials in Nigeria; towards a sustainable water demand and supply
Authors: Ibrahim Esther Shupel , Chiroma Joseph Timothy , Abubakar Musa Akin , Ojih Samuel Achonu , Waziri Edmond Sunabiji , Daffi Rose Edwin , Yenne Ezekiel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe development of water resources in Nigeria has not risen alongside population increase. Although groundwater is the available source of water at all locations in Nigeria, groundwater aquifer is becoming deeper due to increased groundwater harvest, especially in urban areas. There is a need for continuous groundwater modelling using geological, climatic, environmental data, and spatial tools especially under climate change and intense landcover conversions. The Spatial Multi-Criteria Analysis (SMCA) was adopted in this study to model the current groundwater potential in Nigeria. The multi-criteria analysis tool in ArcGIS was explored to overlay the nine factor maps to model historic and futuristic groundwater potentials. Our groundwater factor maps show an interesting pattern across Nigeria, the southern parts show more potential considering suitability factors like; surface water density, rainfall, temperature, soil, land cover and elevation in the region. Whereas the upland regions even with higher rainfall and lower temperatures suitable for groundwater recharge, are disadvantaged by geomorphological factors. Northern part of Nigeria shows high potentials, considering the geology, soil, lineament density and slope, but disadvantaged by other factors like lower rainfall and higher temperatures. This informed the final groundwater potential maps; results for the historic potential revealed that, no location in Nigeria has optimal (9–10), very poor or no (1–2) groundwater potential. The results further revealed that areas with higher groundwater potentials are largely within the corridors of major rivers in Nigeria (Niger and Benue), covering about 17.6% of the Nigerian landmass, while 2.6%, 33.7, 44% and 2.2% are occupy areas with very low, low, moderate and very high groundwater potentials respectively. Further analysis highlighs locations of concern due to climatic and environmental changes. Interestingly, our groundwater projection results show a persistent increase in groundwater potential from 2021 to 2100 if current landuses and environmental factors are maintained, and if the projected increase in rainfall is true. Despite these groundwater potentials, the recent issues of shallow aquifers have been cautioned by scientists, especially due to groundwater uncertainties in Nigeria especially with intense landcover conversions, combined with accelerated water demands due to increase in population, and incessant groundwater extractions. Therefore, there is a need to seek caution in the pattern of unregulated and incessant groundwater harvest in Nigeria and we recommend frequent updates of the groundwater potential using geospatial tools to inform governing policies on a centralised consolidated sustainable water supply in Nigeria.
Impact of Dust Source Patchiness on the Existence of a Constant Dust Flux Layer During Aeolian Erosion Events
Authors: Dupont S. , Klose M. , Irvine M. R. , González‐Flórez C. , Alastuey A. , Bonnefond J.‐M. , Dagsson‐Waldhauserova P. , Gonzalez‐Romero A. , Hussein T. , Lamaud E. , Meyer H. , Panta A. , Querol X. , Schepanski K. , Vergara Palacio S. , Wieser A. , Yus‐Díez J. , Kandler K. , Pérez García‐Pando C. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDust emission fluxes during wind soil erosion are usually estimated using a dust concentration vertical gradient, by assuming a constant dust flux layer between the surface and the dust measurement levels. Here, we investigate the existence of this layer during erosion events recorded in Iceland and Jordan. Size‐resolved dust fluxes were estimated at three levels between 2 and 4 m using the eddy‐covariance method. Dust fluxes were found mainly constant only between the two upper levels in Iceland, the lower dust flux being often stronger and richer in coarse particles, while dust fluxes in Jordan were nearly constant across all levels. The wind dynamics could not explain the absence of a constant dust flux layer in Iceland. We show that the presence of stationary dust source patches in Iceland, related to surface humidity, created a non‐uniform dust layer near the surface, named dust roughness sublayer (DRSL), where individual plumes behind each patch interact but do not fully mix. The lowest dust measurement level was probably located within this sublayer while the upper ones were located above, such that there the emitted dust became spatially well‐mixed. This explains near the surface in Iceland, the more intermittent dust concentration, its low correlation with the dust concentrations above, and the richer dust flux in coarse particles due to their lower deposition contribution. Our findings highlight the importance of estimating dust fluxes above a dust blending height whose characteristics depend on the dust source patchiness caused by surface humidity or the presence of sparse non‐erosive elements.
Viewing Soil Moisture Flash Drought Onset Mechanism and Their Changes Through XAI Lens: A Case Study in Eastern China
Authors: Feng Jiajin , Li Jun , Xu Chong‐Yu , Wang Zhaoli , Zhang Zhenxing , Wu Xushu , Lai Chengguang , Zeng Zhaoyang , Tong Hongfu , Jiang Shijie 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSoil moisture flash droughts often pose significant challenges to humans and ecosystems, with wide‐ranging socioeconomic consequences. However, the underlying mechanisms of flash droughts and their changes remain unquantified. Taking China as a case study, we present a novel framework that combines machine learning with interpretable and cluster techniques to investigate flash drought mechanisms from 1980 to 2018. We first quantified the temporal contribution of drivers and further identified different mechanisms during drought onsets. We subsequently investigated the temporal changes in different mechanisms and classified drought event types. We identified four driving mechanism types triggering drought: Concurrent precipitation, Antecedent‐concurrent precipitation, Antecedent temperature‐concurrent precipitation, and Antecedent transpiration‐concurrent precipitation. The total effects from vegetation transpiration contributed to around 50% of the impacts for mechanisms involving antecedent transpiration and concurrent precipitation, highlighting the non‐neglectable role of vegetation water consumption in drought occurrences. Remarkably, about 60% of flash drought onsets exhibited close association with the antecedent anomalies, which contribute approximately 50% of overall effects, emphasizing the importance of the cumulative effects of drivers. Moreover, driving mechanisms associated with temperature and transpiration increased significantly over time, implying an elevated influence of these factors on droughts. Our classification of drought events reveals that nearly 70% of events were driven by at least two mechanisms, underscoring a complex time‐varying pattern of driving factors during drought events. The proposed holistic framework not only sheds insight into the multifaceted mechanisms driving flash droughts within China but also extends its potential applicability to broader geographical contexts.