bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population-level impact of the BMJ Rapid Recommendation for colorectal cancer screening: a microsimulation analysis
Authors: van Duuren Luuk A , Bulliard Jean-Luc , Mohr Ella , van den Puttelaar Rosita , Plys Ekaterina , Brändle Karen , Corley Douglas A , Froehlich Florian , Selby Kevin , Lansdorp-Vogelaar Iris 
Published: June 2024

Objective
In 2019, a BMJ Rapid Recommendation advised against colorectal cancer (CRC) screening for adults with a predicted 15-year CRC risk below 3%. Using Switzerland as a case study, we estimated the population-level impact of this recommendation.

Design
We predicted the CRC risk of all respondents to the population-based Swiss Health Survey. We derived the distribution of risk-based screening start age, assuming predicted risk was calculated every 5 years between ages 25 and 70 and screening started when this risk exceeded 3%. Next, the MISCAN-Colon microsimulation model evaluated biennial faecal immunochemical test (FIT) screening with this risk-based start age. As a comparison, we simulated screening initiation based on age and sex.

Results
Starting screening only when predicted risk exceeded 3% meant 82% of women and 90% of men would not start screening before age 65 and 60, respectively. This would require 43%–57% fewer tests, result in 8%–16% fewer CRC deaths prevented and yield 19%–33% fewer lifeyears gained compared with screening from age 50. Screening women from age 65 and men from age 60 had a similar impact as screening only when predicted risk exceeded 3%.

Conclusion
With the recommended risk prediction tool, the population impact of the BMJ Rapid Recommendation would be similar to screening initiation based on age and sex only. It would delay screening initiation by 10–15 years. Although halving the screening burdens, screening benefits would be reduced substantially compared with screening initiation at age 50. This suggests that the 3% risk threshold to start CRC screening might be too high.
Taipei Medical University Clinical Research Database: a collaborative hospital EHR database aligned with international common data standards
Authors: Nguyen Phung-Anh , Hsu Min-Huei , Chang Tzu-Hao , Yang Hsuan-Chia , Huang Chih-Wei , Liao Chia-Te , Lu Christine Y. , Hsu Jason C. 
Published: June 2024

Objective
The objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of the development and features of the Taipei Medical University Clinical Research Database (TMUCRD), a repository of real-world data (RWD) derived from electronic health records (EHRs) and other sources.

Methods
TMUCRD was developed by integrating EHRs from three affiliated hospitals, including Taipei Medical University Hospital, Wan-Fang Hospital and Shuang-Ho Hospital. The data cover over 15 years and include diverse patient care information. The database was converted to the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model (OMOP CDM) for standardisation.

Results
TMUCRD comprises 89 tables (eg, 29 tables for each hospital and 2 linked tables), including demographics, diagnoses, medications, procedures and measurements, among others. It encompasses data from more than 4.15 million patients with various medical records, spanning from the year 2004 to 2021. The dataset offers insights into disease prevalence, medication usage, laboratory tests and patient characteristics.

Discussion
TMUCRD stands out due to its unique advantages, including diverse data types, comprehensive patient information, linked mortality and cancer registry data, regular updates and a swift application process. Its compatibility with the OMOP CDM enhances its usability and interoperability.

Conclusion
TMUCRD serves as a valuable resource for researchers and scholars interested in leveraging RWD for clinical research. Its availability and integration of diverse healthcare data contribute to a collaborative and data-driven approach to advancing medical knowledge and practice.
Risk prediction of advanced colorectal neoplasia varies by race and neighbourhood socioeconomic status
Authors: Sun Xiangqing , Chen Zhengyi , Cooper Gregory S , Berger Nathan A , Coulton Claudia , Li Li 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveNeighbourhood deprivation increases the risk of colorectal neoplasia and contributes to racial disparities observed in this disease. Developing race-specific advanced colorectal neoplasia (ACN) prediction models that include neighbourhood socioeconomic status has the potential to improve the accuracy of prediction.MethodsThe study includes 1457 European Americans (EAs) and 936 African Americans (AAs) aged 50–80 years undergoing screening colonoscopy. Race-specific ACN risk prediction models were developed for EAs and AAs, respectively. Area Deprivation Index (ADI), derived from 17 variables of neighbourhood socioeconomic status, was evaluated by adding it to the ACN risk prediction models. Prediction accuracy was evaluated by concordance statistic (C-statistic) for discrimination and Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test for calibration.ResultsWith fewer predictors, the EA-specific and AA-specific prediction models had better prediction accuracy in the corresponding race/ethnic subpopulation than the overall model. Compared with the overall model which had poor calibration (PCalibration=0.053 in the whole population andPCalibration=0.011 in AAs), the EA model had C-statistic of 0.655 (95% CI 0.594 to 0.717) andPCalibration=0.663; and the AA model had C-statistic of 0.637 ((95% CI 0.572 to 0.702) andPCalibration=0.810. ADI was a significant predictor of ACN in EAs (OR=1.24 ((95% CI 1.03 to 1.50),P=0.029), but not in AAs (OR=1.07 ((95% CI 0.89 to 1.28),P=0.487). Adding ADI to the EA-specific ACN prediction model substantially improved ACN calibration accuracy of the prediction across area deprivation groups (PCalibration=0.924 with ADI vsPCalibration=0.140 without ADI) in EAs.ConclusionsNeighbourhood socioeconomic status is an important factor to consider in ACN risk prediction modeling. Moreover, non-race-specific prediction models have poor generalisability. Race-specific prediction models incorporating neighbourhood socioeconomic factors are needed to improve ACN prediction accuracy.
Clinical consequences of computer-aided colorectal polyp detection
Authors: Sinonquel Pieter , Eelbode Tom , Pech Oliver , De Wulf Dominiek , Dewint Pieter , Neumann Helmut , Antonelli Giulio , Iacopini Federico , Tate David , Lemmers Arnaud , Pilonis Nastazja Dagny , Kaminski Michal Filip , Roelandt Philip , Hassan Cesare , Ingrid Demedts , Maes Frederik , Bisschops Raf 
Published: June 2024

Background and aimRandomised trials show improved polyp detection with computer-aided detection (CADe), mostly of small lesions. However, operator and selection bias may affect CADe’s true benefit. Clinical outcomes of increased detection have not yet been fully elucidated.MethodsIn this multicentre trial, CADe combining convolutional and recurrent neural networks was used for polyp detection. Blinded endoscopists were monitored in real time by a second observer with CADe access. CADe detections prompted reinspection. Adenoma detection rates (ADR) and polyp detection rates were measured prestudy and poststudy. Histological assessments were done by independent histopathologists. The primary outcome compared polyp detection between endoscopists and CADe.ResultsIn 946 patients (51.9% male, mean age 64), a total of 2141 polyps were identified, including 989 adenomas. CADe was not superior to human polyp detection (sensitivity 94.6% vs 96.0%) but outperformed them when restricted to adenomas. Unblinding led to an additional yield of 86 true positive polyp detections (1.1% ADR increase per patient; 73.8% were <5 mm). CADe also increased non-neoplastic polyp detection by an absolute value of 4.9% of the cases (1.8% increase of entire polyp load). Procedure time increased with 6.6±6.5 min (+42.6%). In 22/946 patients, the additional detection of adenomas changed surveillance intervals (2.3%), mostly by increasing the number of small adenomas beyond the cut-off.ConclusionEven if CADe appears to be slightly more sensitive than human endoscopists, the additional gain in ADR was minimal and follow-up intervals rarely changed. Additional inspection of non-neoplastic lesions was increased, adding to the inspection and/or polypectomy workload.
Early menopause and hormone therapy as determinants for lung health outcomes: a secondary analysis using the PLCO trial
Authors: Gai Xiaochun , Feng Yue , Flores Tessa M , Kang Huining , Yu Hui , Leslie Kimberly K , Zhu Yiliang , Doherty Jennifer A , Guo Yan , Belinsky Steven A , Cook Linda S , Leng Shuguang 
Published: June 2024

RationaleEarly natural menopause (early-M; <45 years of age) increases the risk of lung morbidities and mortalities in smokers. However, it is largely unknown whether early-M due to surgery demonstrates similar effects and whether menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) is protective against lung diseases.ObjectivesTo assess the associations of early-M and MHT with lung morbidities and mortalities using the prospective Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) trial.MethodsWe estimated the risk among 69 706 postmenopausal women in the PLCO trial, stratified by menopausal types and smoking status.ResultsEarly-M was associated with an increased risk of most lung disease and mortality outcomes in ever smokers with the highest risk seen for respiratory mortality (HR 1.98, 95% CI 1.34 to 2.92) in those with bilateral oophorectomy (BO). Early-M was positively associated with chronic bronchitis, and all-cause, non-cancer and respiratory mortality in never smokers with natural menopause or BO, with the highest risk seen for BO— respiratory mortality (HR 1.91, 95% CI 1.16 to 3.12). Ever MHT was associated with reduced all-cause, non-cancer and cardiovascular mortality across menopause types regardless of smoking status and was additionally associated with reduced risk of non-ovarian cancer, lung cancer (LC) and respiratory mortality in ever smokers. Among smokers, ever MHT use was associated with a reduction in HR for all-cause, non-cancer and cardiovascular mortality in a duration-dependent manner.ConclusionsSmokers with early-M should be targeted for smoking cessation and LC screening regardless of menopause types. MHT users had a lower likelihood of dying from LC and respiratory diseases in ever smokers.
FedQV: Leveraging Quadratic Voting in Federated Learning
Authors: Chu Tianyue , Laoutaris Nikolaos 
Published: June 2024

Federated Learning (FL) permits different parties to collaboratively train a global model without disclosing their respective local labels. A crucial step of FL, that of aggregating local models to produce the global one, shares many similarities with public decision-making, and elections in particular. In that context, a major weakness of FL, namely its vulnerability to poisoning attacks, can be interpreted as a consequence of the one person one vote (henceforth 1p1v) principle that underpins most contemporary aggregation rules.
In this paper, we introduce FedQV, a novel aggregation algorithm built upon the quadratic voting, recently proposed as a better alternative to 1p1v-based elections. Our theoretical analysis establishes that FedQV is a truthful mechanism in which bidding according to one's true valuation is a dominant strategy that achieves a convergence rate matching that of state-of-the-art methods. Furthermore, our empirical analysis using multiple real-world datasets validates the superior performance of FedQV against poisoning attacks. It also shows that combining FedQV with unequal voting "budgets'' according to a reputation score increases its performance benefits even further. Finally, we show that FedQV can be easily combined with Byzantine-robust privacy-preserving mechanisms to enhance its robustness against both poisoning and privacy attacks. This extended abstract is an abridged version of [3].
Near-Optimal Stochastic Bin-Packing in Large Service Systems with Time-Varying Item Sizes
Authors: Hong Yige , Xie Qiaomin , Wang Weina 
Published: June 2024

In modern computing systems, jobs' resource requirements often vary over time. Accounting for this temporal variability during job scheduling is essential for meeting performance goals. However, theoretical understanding on how to schedule jobs with time-varying resource requirements is limited. Motivated by this gap, we propose a new setting of the stochastic bin-packing problem in service systems that allows for time-varying job resource requirements, also referred to as 'item sizes' in traditional bin-packing terms. In this setting, a job or 'item' must be dispatched to a server or 'bin' upon arrival. Its resource requirement varies over time as a Markov chain while in service. Our goal is to minimize the expected number of active servers, or 'non-empty bins', in the steady state.
Under our problem formulation, we develop a job dispatch policy, named Join-Requesting-Server (JRS). We show that in the asymptotic regime where the job arrival rate scales large linearly with respect to a scaling factor r, JRS achieves an additive optimality gap of O(√r) in the objective value, where the optimal objective value is Θ(r). Our approach highlights a novel policy conversion framework that utilizes the solution of a single-server problem.
Studying Retroviral Life Cycles Using Visible Viruses and Live Cell Imaging
Authors: Guerrero Jorge F. , Lesko Sydney L. , Evans Edward L. , Sherer Nathan M. 
Published: June 2024

Viruses exploit key host cell factors to accomplish each individual stage of the viral replication cycle. To understand viral pathogenesis and speed the development of new antiviral strategies, high-resolution visualization of virus-host interactions is needed to define where and when these events occur within cells. Here, we review state-of-the-art live cell imaging techniques for tracking individual stages of viral life cycles, focusing predominantly on retroviruses and especially human immunodeficiency virus type 1, which is most extensively studied. We describe how visible viruses can be engineered for live cell imaging and how nonmodified viruses can, in some instances, be tracked and studied indirectly using cell biosensor systems. We summarize the ways in which live cell imaging has been used to dissect the retroviral life cycle. Finally, we discuss select challenges for the future including the need for better labeling strategies, increased resolution, and multivariate systems that will allow for the study of full viral replication cycles.
Nivolumab with or without Ipilimumab Combined with Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy in Patients with Metastatic Biliary Tract Cancer: A Randomized Phase 2 Study
Authors: Markussen Alice , Johansen Julia S. , Larsen Finn O. , Theile Susann , Hasselby Jane P. , Willemoe Gro L. , Lorentzen Torben , Madsen Kasper , Høgdall Estrid , Poulsen Tim S. , Wilken Eva E. , Geertsen Poul , Behrens Claus P. , Svane Inge M. , Nielsen Dorte , Chen Inna M. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical benefits of nivolumab with/without ipilimumab combined with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in patients with pretreated metastatic biliary tract cancer (mBTC).

Patients and Methods:
The study was a phase 2 randomized trial with Simon’s optimal two-stage design requiring 36 evaluable patients per group after second stage. Sixty-one patients were included from September 2018 to January 2022 and randomized (1:1) to receive SBRT (15 Gy × 1 on day 1 to a primary or metastatic lesion) and nivolumab (3 mg/kg intravenously on day 1 and every 2 weeks) with/without ipilimumab (1 mg/kg intravenously on day 1 and every 6 weeks). Primary endpoint was clinical benefit rate (CBR), defined as the percentage of patients with complete response, partial response, or stable disease. Decision to continue accrual into the second stage depended on the CBR from the first stage.

Results:
Forty-two patients received SBRT/nivolumab/ipilimumab with a CBR of 31.0% [95% confidence interval (CI), 17.6–47.1]. Five patients (11.9%) achieved partial response with median duration of 4.4 months (range, 1.1–21.5). Nineteen patients received SBRT/nivolumab. This group was closed after the initial stage based on a CBR of 10.5% (95% CI, 1.3–33.1). Adverse events were graded with National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0. Grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse events occurred in 13 (31%) and 3 (16%) patients in the SBRT/nivolumab/ipilimumab and SBRT/nivolumab groups, respectively. One patient died from immune-related hepatitis in the SBRT/nivolumab/ipilimumab group.

Conclusions:
Combining SBRT, nivolumab, and ipilimumab is well tolerated, feasible, and shows response in a subgroup of patients with mBTC.
Outcomes Following Surgical Repair of Sinus Venosus Atrial Septal Defects: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: El‐Andari Ryaan , Moolla Muhammad , John Kevin , Slingerland Ashley , Campbell Sandra , Nagendran Jeevan , Hong Yongzhe , Mathew Anoop 
Published: June 2024

Background
Sinus venosus atrial septal defect (SVASD) is a rare congenital cardiac anomaly comprising 5% to 10% of all atrial septal defects. Although surgical closure is the standard treatment for SVASD, data on outcomes have been confined to small cohorts. Thus, we conducted a systematic review of the outcomes of SVASD repair.

Methods and Results
The primary outcome was death. Secondary outcomes encompassed atrial fibrillation, sinus node dysfunction, pacemaker insertion, cerebrovascular accident, reoperation, residual septal defect, superior vena cava obstruction, and reimplanted pulmonary vein obstruction. Pooled incidences of outcomes were calculated using a random‐effects model. Forty studies involving 1320 patients who underwent SVASD repair were included. The majority were male patients (55.4%), with 88.0% presenting with associated anomalous pulmonary venous connection. The weighted mean age was 18.6±12.5 years, and the overall weighted mean follow‐up period was 8.6±10.4 years. The in‐hospital mortality rate was 0.24%, with a 30‐day mortality rate of 0.5% reported in 780 patients. Incidences of atrial fibrillation, sinus node dysfunction, pacemaker insertion, and cerebrovascular accident over the long‐term follow‐up were 3.3% (2.18%–4.93%), 6.5% (5.09%–8.2%), 2.23% (1.34%–3.57%), and 2.03% (0.89%–2.46%) respectively. Reoperation occurred in 1.36% (0.68%–2.42%) of surgeries, residual septal defect in 1.34% (0.69%–2.42%), superior vena cava obstruction in 1.76% (1.02%–2.9%), and reimplanted pulmonary vein obstruction in 1.4% (0.7%–2.49%).

Conclusions
This is the first comprehensive analysis of outcomes following surgical repair of SVASD. The findings affirm the safety and effectiveness of surgery, establishing a reference point for evaluating emerging transcatheter therapies. Safety and efficacy profiles comparable to surgical repair are essential for widespread adoption of transcatheter treatments.
Improvements in Maternal Cardiovascular Health Over the Perinatal Period Longitudinally Predict Lower Postpartum Psychological Distress Among Individuals Who Began Their Pregnancies With Overweight or Obesity
Authors: Donofry Shannon D. , Jouppi Riley J. , Call Christine C. , Kolko Conlon Rachel P. , Levine Michele D. 
Published: June 2024

Background

Adverse cardiovascular events during pregnancy (eg, preeclampsia) occur at higher rates among individuals with overweight or obesity (body mass index ≥25 kg/m
2
) and have been associated with postpartum depression. The present study examined whether changes in cardiovascular health (CVH) during the perinatal period, as defined by the American Heart Association's Life's Essential 8 framework, predicted postpartum psychological functioning among individuals with prepregnancy body mass index ≥25 kg/m
2
.

Methods and Results

Pregnant individuals (N = 226; mean ± SD age = 28.43 ± 5.4 years; mean body mass index = 34.17 ± 7.15 kg/m
2
) were recruited at 12 to 20 weeks of gestation (mean, 15.64 ± 2.45 weeks) for a longitudinal study of health and well‐being. Participants completed ratings of depression and perceived stress and reported on CVH behaviors (dietary intake, physical activity, nicotine exposure, and sleep) at baseline and at 6 months postpartum. Body mass index and CVH behaviors were used to calculate a composite CVH score at both time points. Linear regression analyses were performed to examine whether change in CVH related to postpartum symptom scores. Because sleep was measured in only a subset of participants (n = 114), analyses were conducted with and without sleep. Improved CVH was associated with lower postpartum depression (β = −0.18,
P
<0.01) and perceived stress (β = −0.13,
P
=0.02) scores. However, when including sleep, these relationships were no longer significant (all
P
>0.4).

Conclusions
Improvements in CVH from early pregnancy to 6 months postpartum were associated with lower postpartum depressive symptoms and perceived stress but not when including sleep in the CVH metric, potentially due to the large reduction in sample size. These data suggest that intervening during pregnancy to promote CVH may improve postpartum psychological functioning among high‐risk individuals.
Joint Association of Sleep Onset Time and Sleep Duration With Cardiometabolic Health Outcome
Authors: Hu Peipei , Vinturache Angela , Chen Yan , Ding Guodong , Zhang Yongjun 
Published: June 2024

Background
The association of sleep onset time and duration with cardiometabolic health is not well characterized.

Methods and Results
This study included 6696 adults aged 20 to 80 years from the NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Study) 2015 to 2018. Participants were categorized into 9 groups according to the cross‐tabulation of sleep onset time (<22:00 [early], 22:00–23:59 [optimal], and ≥24:00 [late]) and duration (<7 hours [insufficient], 7–8 hours [sufficient], and ≥9 hours [excessive]), with optimal sleep onset time and sufficient duration as the reference. The primary outcomes included hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, low high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, hyperglycemia, central obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Inappropriate sleep onset time and sleep duration were associated with increased odds of hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, and metabolic syndrome, especially among participants aged 40 to 59 years. Compared with men reporting optimal onset and sufficient duration, men reporting optimal onset with excessive duration (odds ratio [OR]: 2.01 [95% CI, 1.12–3.58]) and late onset with insufficient duration (OR, 1.74 [95% CI, 1.13–2.68]) had higher odds of metabolic syndrome. Compared with women reporting optimal onset and sufficient duration, women reporting optimal onset and insufficient duration (OR, 1.61 [95% CI, 1.11–2.32]) and early onset and excessive duration (OR, 2.16 [95% CI, 1.30–3.57]) had higher odds of hypertension, and women reporting late onset and excessive duration (OR, 5.64 [95% CI, 1.28–6.77]) were at the highest odds of hypertriglyceridemia.

Conclusions
Late sleep onset as well as insufficient or excessive sleep duration are associated with adverse cardiometabolic outcomes, particularly in participants aged 40 to 59 years.