bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and Validation of Novel Evaporative Local Cooling Coatings to Prevent Adverse Health Effects of Heat Exposure
Authors: Jahadi Mahsa , Dehghan Habibollah 
Published: May 2024

Background:
This study aimed to design and evaluate the cooling power of local cooling coats for the head, neck, ankles, and wrists.

Methods:
Local cooling coatings were designed using Iranians workers' existing 50th anthropometric percentile data. After immersing the cooling coats in water for 5 minutes, they were placed in a chamber at 30°C, 35°C, and 40°C and 30% and 60% humidity and 0.2-0.4 m/s air velocity for 120 minutes. The amount of water evaporation was measured by weighing each coat before and after entering the chamber, and then the cooling power of each coat was calculated based on the amount of water evaporation.

Results:
The average cooling power of cooling coats with covering areas (two wrists 933.75 cm2, two ankles 1467.37 cm2 and head and neck 1270 cm2) that the total area of the cover is 3671.12 cm2, i.e., about 20% of the body at 30% relative humidity in 30°C, 35°C and 40°C was 67, 77 and 89 watts, respectively. At the mentioned temperature and in 60% relative humidity, the cooling power was 34, 40, and 55 watts. As the relative humidity increased, the cooling power of the coats decreased.

Conclusions:
Local evaporative cooling coat on the head, neck, wrists, and ankles can reasonably repel excess heat entering the body. The best performance of these coats is in hot and dry environments. Probably, if used in conjunction with cooling vests in environments with high temperatures and heavy activity, it can act as a supplement to cooling vests and have a significant effect on improving functions.
Environmental Risk Factors for Pediatric Acute Leukemia: Methodology and Early Findings
Authors: Nematollahi Pardis , Arabi Sina , Mansourian Marjan , Yousefian Saeed , Moafi Alireza , Mostafavi Sayed Nassereddin , Naeini Amirmansour Alavi , Ebrahimi Afshin , Ebrahimpour Karim , Amin Mohammad Mehdi , kavosh Aryan , Radfar Niayesh , Naimi Azar , Kelishadi Roya 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Acute leukemia is the most common type of malignancy in children, and no major environmental risk factors have been identified relating to its pathogenesis. This study has been conducted with the aim for identifying risk factors associated with this disease.

Methods:
This study was conducted in 2016–2020 among children aged <15 years residing in Isfahan Province, Iran. Children with newly diagnosed Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, including Acute myeloid leukemia (ALL and AML) were considered a case group. The control group was selected among children hospitalized in orthopedic and surgery wards in the same region. Demographic data, parental occupational exposures and educational level, maternal obstetric history, type of feeding during infancy and parental smoking habits, exposure to pesticides, and hydrocarbons besides dietary habits (using a food frequency questionnaire) were evaluated.

Results:
Overall, 497 children (195 cases and 302 controls) completed the survey. In the initial analysis, there was no significant difference between case and control groups about type of milk feeding (P = 0.34) or parental age (P = 0.56); however, an association between mothers' education and increased risk for ALL was observed (P = 0.02).

Conclusions:
The results of this study can be helpful in better understanding the environmental risk factors involved in the incidence of acute leukemia. Future publications based on the analysis of the database created in the present study can lead to recognizing these factors. In addition, evaluating the effect of these factors on treatment outcomes is an important step in reducing the burden of the disease.
The Impact of Iron Supplementation during Pregnancy and Change of Consumption among Stunting Children Aged 6-24 Months during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia
Authors: Sari Kencana , Sartika Ratu Ayu Dewi 
Published: May 2024

Background:
During the COVID-19 pandemic, stunting is estimated to increase 2.4 times higher (It seems that some information is missing here because the usage of the word 'higher' hints at a comparison with some other statistic. Or please consider making the following changes in the statement: “…stunting is estimated to be 2.4 times higher than the normal trend.” which can increase mortality, morbidity, and cause economic losses in the future. This study aims to identify the risk factors for stunting during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:
An unmatched case-control study was conducted to compare the exposure of stunted (cases) and non-stunted (controls) children. There were 127 children aged 6-24 months, 43 cases, and 84 controls.

Results:
The probability of stunting was two times greater in children who experienced good changes in the consumption of tofu/tempeh (p: 0.047; AdjustedOR (aOR): 2.296; 95% CI 1.013-5.205) and fourtimes greater in children who have a mother that did not receive iron supplementation during pregnancy (p: 0.030; aOR: 4.344; 95% CI: 1.154-16.355).

Conclusions:
Based on the above results, increasing access to nutritious food, and the delivery of services and information related to maternal and child health services during the pandemic needs to be intensified by using innovative low-risk platforms.
Effectiveness of Nicotine Replacement Therapy on Smoking Cessation and Reduction Among Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients – A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Purushothama Jagannath , Badiger Sanjeev , Olickal Jeby J. , Kunkulol Rahul , Kumar Nanjesh , D'Souza Neevan 
Published: May 2024

Background':
India is ranked second in the world in terms of tobacco use and tops the list of eight high-burden countries that account for two-thirds of the new tuberculosis (TB) cases globally. As tobacco smoking among TB patients is associated with unsuccessful TB treatment outcomes, effective smoking cessation interventions for TB patients is essential to combat this double pandemic.

Aim:
The study determined the effectiveness of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) on smoking reduction and cessation among pulmonary TB patients.

Settings and Design:
The study included 300 pulmonary TB patients undergoing antitubercular treatment in government health care centers of Dakshina Kannada district in southern India.

Materials and Methods:
The participants in this two-armed, single-blinded, placebo-controlled, block-randomized trial were divided equally (n = 150) for experimental arm (brief advice + NRT) and control arm (brief advice + placebo). The total duration of treatment and follow-up was 6 months. Unadjusted relative risk (URR) and adjusted relative risk (ARR) were calculated for treatment outcomes at 95% confidence interval (CI). Generalized linear regression analysis was performed upon variables with P value less than 0.2.

Results:
After 6 months of intervention including follow up, there was a significant reduction in self-reported smoking (ARR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.01–1.17, P = 0.03) in the experimental arm compared with the control arm. Biochemically verified smoking abstinence was not significantly different between the two arms (ARR = 1.01, 95% CI 0.72–1.38, P = 0.97).

Conclusion:
The study showed statistically significant effectiveness of NRT for self-reported smoking reduction.
Neuroprotective Effects of Selegiline Agent Methamphetamine-Prompted Mood-Related Behavior Disorder Mediated via 5-HT2 and D2 Receptors
Authors: Gholami Mina , Kaviani Neda , Motaghinejad Majid , Ulloa Luis 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Many previous studies demonstrated that methamphetamine (METH) abuses can cause mood-related behavioral changes. Previous studies indicated neuroprotective effects of Selegiline.

Methods:
Seventy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into eight groups (10 rats in each group). Group 1 and Group 2 received normal saline and methamphetamine (10 mg/kg) for 21 days, respectively. Groups 3, 4, and 5 were treated simultaneously with methamphetamine and Selegiline with doses of 10, 15, and 20 mg/kg for 21 days. Groups 6 and 7 are methamphetamine-dependent groups which received 15 mg/kg of Selegiline with haloperidol (as D2 receptor antagonist) and trazodone (as 5-HT2 receptor antagonist) for 21 days, respectively. In days 23 and 24, elevated plus maze (EPM) and open-field test (OFT) were conducted to assess motor activity and mood (anxiety and depression) levels.

Results:
METH as 10 mg/kg causes reduction of rearing number, ambulation distances, time spent in central square and also number of central square entries in OFT. Also METH administration causes decreases of time spent in open arm and number of open arm entries and increases of time spent in closed arm and number of closed arm entries in EPM. In contrast, Selegiline (of 10, 15, and 20 mg/kg) inhibited behavioral effects of methamphetamine in both OFT and EPM. Also administration of haloperidol and trazodone inhibited these behavioral protective effects of Selegiline and caused decrease of OFT behaviors (rearing number, ambulation distances, time spent in central square, and also number of central square entries) and also caused decreases of spend times in open arm, number of open arm entries, and also increased closed arm time spending and number of entries in closed arm in EPM.

Conclusions:
Current research showed that Selegiline via mediation of D2 and 5-HT2 receptors inhibits METH-induced neurobehavioral changes, mood-related behavior, and motor activity disturbances.
Content Analysis of Entrepreneurship and Employment Development Policies in Iran’s Health Sector: Is It a Health Wealth Promoter?
Authors: Jamali Nahid , Vatankhah Soudabeh , Maleki Mohammad Reza , Emami Sayed Mohammad Hassan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Context:
Growing needs mandates economic growth. Entrepreneurship policies play a significant role in achieving productive employment and sustainable development for the health and wealth of society.

Aims:
This study is conducted to find the accordance of this document with the basic theory of the global alphabet model of entrepreneurship on the one hand and a comparison to the real entrepreneurial and economic achievements as social determinants of health (SDOH) on the other hand.

Methods and Material:
This research is a quantitative and qualitative content analysis of entrepreneurship documents in the health sector of Iran, using the basic theory of the global alphabet model as our target. We reviewed the Work Bank and Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) reports as world indicators to compare whether our entrepreneurship policies have been successful.

Statistical Analysis:
MAXQDA is a software program designed for computer-assisted qualitative and mixed methods data, text and multimedia analysis in academic, scientific, and business institutions.

Results:
The findings showed that the retelling of the word employment is more dominant than entrepreneurship. Imbalanced attention is paid to the components of the standard global alphabet model, and a downhill regression is seen in almost all aspects of entrepreneurial results.

Conclusions:
The written health policies have not been effective in promoting the development of health by wealth.
Measuring Equity of Geographical Distribution of Specialist Physicians in Iran's Health System
Authors: Moradi Reza , Olyaeemanesh Alireza , Mosadeghrad Ali Mohammad , Harirchi Iraj , Larijni Bagher 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Equitable distribution of health care sector resources is one of the most important goals of health systems in all countries. The purpose of this study is to measure equity of geographical distribution of active specialist physicians in Iran's health system.

Methods:
The present study was a descriptive-cross-sectional. The statistical population included: all active specialist physicians working in the public, private, social insurance organization, military, charity, and the other health service providers in Iran in 2019. Studied demographic data were collected from Iran's national statistic center. Also, information of specialist physicians was obtained from several databases. Finally, duplicated records were removed, and the number of specialist physicians extracted. Data analysis was performed using Stata V.16 and ArcGIS 10.4 software.

Results:
The results showed that the number of specialist physicians per 100,000 population who worked in Iran's health system was 46.81. The provinces of Tehran had the highest and Sistan and Baluchestan had the lowest number of specialist physicians. Also, 52.63% of active specialist physicians provide health services in four provinces, whereas these provinces are 37.13% of the country's population. Total Gini coefficient of the distribution of active physicians in Iran in 2019 was 0.23.

Conclusions:
Distribution of specialist physician was different but somewhat equitable in the provinces. However, in some provinces, the ratio of specialist physicians to the population was still low. Therefore, when the number of specialist physicians increased, their distribution should be considered concurrently.
Morphometric Variations of the Suprascapular Notch using Three-dimensional Computed Tomography Scans in a Group of Jordanian Population
Authors: Altarawneh Islam , Badran Darwish , Samara Osama , Shatarat Amjad , Kharabsheh Mohamed , Abuelsamen Tamer , Akkash Amro , Alzaghloul Hala 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Aim:
The study was performed to understand the morphological anatomical variations of suprascapular notch (SSN) among Jordanian population and to explore the correlation between the morphological measurements according to gender, age, weight, and height.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 182 computed tomography scans of scapulae were analyzed for 91 patients. The type of SSN was determined using a classification based on the following three geometrical measurements: superior transverse diameter, middle transverse diameters, and maximal depth.

Results:
The most common type predominated in the sample was Type III with percentages on the right and left, respectively (89% and 84%), 4% for Type II, 7% for Type I, and 8% were having a foramen, whereas absent SSN cases were 4%. On the left side, 1% for Type II, 15% who have Type I, and about 7% of the patients have foramen, whereas absent SSN cases were 7%.

Conclusion:
Knowledge of the anatomical variations of the SSN described in this study should be helpful in endoscopic and open procedures of the suprascapular region and also may increase the safety of operative decompression of the suprascapular nerve.
Inferior Vena Cava Agenesis, Bilateral Double Renal Veins, and Left Circumaortic Renal Vein: A Rare Case and Brief Review of the Literature
Authors: Karavas Erdal , Aydin Sonay , Unver Edhem , Kadirhan Ozlem , Kantarci Mecit 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The improper embryologic development of the inferior vena cava (IVC) is a rare congenital defect that affects about 4% of the population. IVC agenesis is one of the less common variations, with an estimated prevalence ranging from 0.005% to 1%. We present a rare instance of IVC agenesis, bilateral double renal veins, and left circumaortic renal vein that manifested as lower extremities deep vein thrombosis. While anomalies of the IVC and renal veins are exceedingly rare, they should be considered during retroperitoneal procedures to avoid major consequences, particularly venous bleeding caused by incorrect damage. Anatomical variance of the IVC and renal veins is critical for procedures such as ureteral surgery, sympathectomy, radical nephrectomy, and organ transplantation. The clinical significance of these aberrations stems from the possibility of mistakes during imaging. They play a significant role in the diagnosis and treatment of venous thromboembolic disease.
Psychosocial Stress and Fertility: The Preventive Potentials of Vitamin E
Authors: Uwejigho Raphael Eguono , Iteire Kingsley Afoke , Enemali Felix U. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
Chronic exposure to psychosocial stressor could lead to various side effects, such as maladaptation by various physiological and immunological systems.

Objective:
This study investigated psychosocial stress-induced damage on the testes and epididymis using animal models and the effects of Vitamin E.

Materials and Methods:
A total 40 adult Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups (S and L) representing 52 and 104 days of experimentation. The 2 groups were subdivided into 4 groups each (S = A–D and L = E–H, n = 5 each). Groups A and E served as control, B and F were psychosocially stressed, C and G were administered 50 mg/kg of Vitamin E, while D and H were psychosocially stressed and administered 50 mg/kg of Vitamin E for 52 and 104 days, respectively. Psychosocial stress was induced on the rats using cats as predator. The weight, blood parameters, and tissue samples were obtained on days 53 and 105 and analyzed. Statistical analysis was carried out using GraphPad Prism Version 8 (San Diego, CA, USA).

Results:
Psychosocial stress resulted in a significant reduction in weight and negatively affected oxidative stress markers and sperm parameters of the animals (P < 0.05). Histological analysis showed that stress arrested spermatogenesis and disorganized the seminiferous tubular epithelium and reduced the semen quality. There was scanty sperm in the epididymis of stressed groups. However, Vitamin E reversed these changes and improved the quality of semen compared to the negative control group.

Conclusion:
Vitamin E was potent at ameliorating the deleterious effects of psychosocially induced stress.
Morphometric Study of the Third Ventricle and Thalamus by Computerized Tomography
Authors: Sajeev Manjula , Shubha R. , Jose K. Sherin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
The third ventricle is a midline, slit-like cavity which is derived from the primitive forebrain vesicle, lying in the sagittal plane below the fornix and the corpus callosum. Much of the upper part of the lateral wall is occupied by the thalamus, that bulges convexly into the ventricle. The cerebral ventricular system acts as a marker of brain development and a predictor of neurodevelopmental outcomes. The thalamus is the gateway to the cerebral cortex. Virtually all sensory systems pass through the thalamus on their way to the cerebral cortex, and in turn, each part of the thalamus receives projections from the cortical area to which it projects.

Materials and Methods:
For the study, cranial computed tomography scans of 180 patients were studied. Anteroposterior diameter and transverse diameter of the third ventricle, thalamus, and intracranial cavity were measured and were compared with males and females of the studied population, and it was statistically analyzed.

Results:
The study showed an increase in the mean third ventricular anteroposterior and transverse diameter as age advances in the three age groups studied. There was no significant correlation in the anteroposterior or transverse diameter of the cranial cavity between the three age groups studied. Both anteroposterior and transverse diameters of the cranial cavity were larger in males when compared with females.

Conclusion:
The study in Indian adults is on morphometry of the third ventricle and thalamus by computerized tomography might help clinicians and radiologists to diagnose the pathologies ruling out the confronting effect of aging in third ventricular and thalamic dimensions. The study might also help in defining the age-specific third ventricular and thalamic diameters in the South Indian population.
Anatomical Study and Clinical Significance of Basivertebral Foramen of S1 Vertebra
Authors: Sadashiv Roshni , Managutti Suresh , Bargale Anil , Nimbal Pooja , Patil Preetam 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
Chronic low-back pain affects majority of the population worldwide. A paucity of data on the morphology of basivertebral foramen of S1 vertebra hampers the understanding of vertebrogenic cause of chronic low-back pain. The aim of the study was to investigate normal adult basivertebral foramen (S1) morphometry and discuss its clinical significance.

Materials and Methods:
One hundred sacra that consisted of dry bone and computed tomography scans were included in the study. All the morphometric analyses on dry sacra were performed using sliding caliper. Topographic location of the basivertebral foramen was studied based on its distance from the upper rim of the S1 body and the closest distance from the nearest point of origin of pedicles. Shape, number, height, and depth of the basivertebral foramen were noted. The data collected were subjected to statistical analysis was done using GraphPad Prism version 7 for Windows, (GraphPad Software, Boston, Massachusetts, USA).

Results:
The basivertebral foramina was found in the posterior aspect of the body of the S1 vertebra. The shape of the foramina varied from round, tear-shaped, slit-like, and comma-shaped. The mean depth of the foramen correlated with the anterior-posterior diameter of the body of the S1 vertebra.

Conclusions:
Detailed knowledge of these foramen could be important for medical education because they could cause changing operation techniques during surgeries and in the treatment of chronic low-back pain.
Effect of green tea and omega-3 on aluminum chloride neurotoxicity in rabbits
Authors: El-Kerdasy Hanan I. , Shaheen Nehal F. 
Published: May 2024

Background/aim
Aluminum chloride is one of the most common causative factors in many neurodegenerative disorders. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of green tea and omega-3 on aluminum chloride-induced neurotoxicity in rabbits.

Materials and methods
Twenty-four male rabbits were divided into four groups: control group, aluminum chloride group, in which rabbits were administered aluminum chloride at a dose of 300 mg/kg/day orally for one month, green tea-treated group, in which rabbits were given aluminum chloride plus green tea extract at a dose of 50 mg/kg/day orally for one month, and the omega-3-treated group, in which rabbits were administered aluminum chloride plusomega-3 at a dose of 20 mg/kg/day orally for one month. Then, the brain tissues were examined for histopathological and immunohistochemical changes.

Results
Aluminum chloride-induced distortion in histological structures of the dentate gyrus with a significant increase in caspase-3 antibody reaction compared with the control group, indicating neuronal cell apoptosis. Green tea and omega-3 reduced the neurotoxin effect of aluminum chloride. However, administration of omega-3 led to more improvement in aluminum chloride neurotoxicity than green tea.

Conclusion
Omega-3 administration diminishes the neurotoxin effect of aluminum chloride on the dentate gyrus more than green tea.