bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal sterilization method for the zirconia/alumina composites used for total hip replacements
Authors: Nam Kwang Woo , Yoo Jeong Joon , Koo Kyung‐Hoi , Yoon Kang Sup , Kim Hee Joong 
Published: May 2009

AbstractZirconia/alumina composite ceramics have been recently developed for total hip arthroplasty because of their excellent mechanical properties and tribologic characteristics. All such materials used clinically must be easily sterilized, but no report has been issued concerning methods for sterilizing zirconia/alumina composite hip prostheses. Here, we show that 50 kGy of gamma irradiation effectively sterilizes both the surfaces and interiors of these materials. In addition, it was found that the commonly used ethylene oxide and 25‐kGy gamma irradiation sterilization methods inadequately sterilize deep inside the femoral head. Moreover, no changes in the chemical or mechanical properties of the composites were noted after exposure to 50‐kGy gamma irradiation. We suggest that 50‐kGy gamma irradiation is an optimal sterilization method for zirconia/alumina composite total hip replacements. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
Lyophilization to improve drug delivery for chitosan‐calcium phosphate bone scaffold construct: A preliminary investigation
Authors: Reves Benjamin T. , Bumgardner Joel D. , Cole Judith A. , Yang Yunzhi , Haggard Warren O. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractLyophilization was evaluated in chitosan‐calcium phosphate microspheres and scaffolds to improve drug delivery of growth factors and antibiotics for orthopedic applications. The dual delivery of an antibiotic and a growth factor from a composite scaffold would be beneficial for treatment of complex fracture sites, such as comminuted fractures and segmental bone defects. The aim of this investigation was to increase the loading capacity of the composite by taking advantage of the increased porosity, due to lyophilization, and to produce an extended elution profile using a secondary chitosan‐bead coating. The physiochemical properties of the composite were investigated, and loading and elution studies were performed with alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2), and amikacin. Lyophilization was found to increase the surface area of scaffolds by over 400% and the porosity of scaffolds by 50%. Using ALP as a model protein, the loading capacity was increased by lyophilization from 4.3 ± 2.5 to 24.6 ± 3.6 μg ALP/mg microspheres, and the elution profile was extended by a supplemental chitosan coating. The loading capacity of BMP‐2 for composite microspheres was increased from 74.4 ± 3.7 to 102.1 ± 8.0 μg BMP‐2/g microspheres with lyophilization compared with nonlyophilized microspheres. The elution profiles of BMP‐2 and the antibiotic amikacin were not extended with the supplemental coating. Additional investigations are planned to improve these elution characteristics for growth factors and antibiotics. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
Calcium control of gene regulation in rat hippocampal neuronal cultures
Authors: Pinato Giulietta , Pegoraro Silvia , Iacono Giovanni , Ruaro Maria Elisabetta , Torre Vincent 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBlockage of GABA‐A receptors in hippocampal neuronal cultures triggers synchronous bursts of spikes initiating neuronal plasticity, partly mediated by changes of gene expression. By using specific pharmacological blockers, we have investigated which sources of Ca2+ entry primarily control changes of gene expression induced by 20 µM gabazine applied for 30 min (GabT). Intracellular Ca2+ transients were monitored with Ca2+ imaging while recording electrical activity with patch clamp microelectrodes. Concomitant transcription profiles were obtained using Affymetrix oligonucleotide microarrays and confirmed with quantitative RT‐PCR. Blockage of NMDA receptors with 2‐amino‐5‐phosphonovaleric acid (APV) did not reduce significantly somatic Ca2+ transients, which, on the contrary, were reduced by selective blockage of L, N, and P/Q types voltage gated calcium channels (VGCCs). Therefore, we investigated changes of gene expression in the presence of blockers of NMDA receptors and L, N, and P/Q VGCCs. Our results show that: (i) among genes upregulated by GabT, there are genes selectively dependent on NMDA activation, genes selectively dependent on L‐type VGCCs and genes dependent on the activation of both channels; (ii) the majority of genes requires the concomitant activation of NMDA receptors and Ca2+ entry through VGCCs; (iii) blockage of N and P/Q VGCCs has an effect similar but not identical to blockage of L‐type VGCCs. J. Cell. Physiol. 220: 727–747, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Production of (R)‐3′‐fluorophenylethan‐1‐ol by Trichothecium roseum isolate in a laboratory scale bioreactor
Authors: Kurbanoglu E.B. , Taskin M. , Zilbeyaz K. , Kurbanoglu N.I. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Enantiomerically pure, fluorinated compounds play an important role in medicinal chemistry. Trichothecium roseum strains were isolated for the production of (R)‐3′‐fluorophenylethan‐1‐ol. Biocatalytic production of optically active (R)‐3′‐fluorophenylethan‐1‐ol was achieved by asymmetric reduction of 3′‐fluoroacetophenone in a batch culture of Trichothecium roseum using ram horn peptone (RHP). The reaction conditions (pH, temperature and agitation) required to improve the conversion of 3′‐fluoroacetophenone and enantiomeric excess (ee) of (R)‐3′‐fluorophenylethan‐1‐ol were studied.RESULTS: The gram scale production of (R)‐3′‐fluorophenylethan‐1‐ol by the most effective biocatalyst, Trichothecium roseum EBK‐11 using RHP was carried out in a fermenter with 1 L working volume. The results showed that the yield with >99% ee of (R)‐3′‐fluorophenylethan‐1‐ol reached 77%. The concentration of (R)‐3′‐fluorophenylethan‐1‐ol at the end of 62 h fermentation was 2.70 g L−1.CONCLUSION: An important chiral intermediate for the pharmaceutical industry using T. roseum EBK‐11 in submerged culture containing RHP from waste material was produced up to gram scale with excellent ee (99%). In this work, T. roseum fungus was used for the first time as a biocatalyst for efficient production of a chiral alcohol. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
From DMF to isatine: A novel and general one‐pot synthesis of isatine and its N‐unsubstituted derivatives vianucleophilic substitution reactions on 1,2‐bis(dimethylamino)‐1,2‐dichloro‐ethene
Authors: Huber Stefan M. , Hennig André , Pühlhofer Frank G. , Weiss Robert 
Published: May 2009

Abstractmagnified image3‐Imino‐2‐amino‐isatines were obtained by a one‐pot reaction of an excess of aniline (or its derivatives) with 1,2‐bis(dimethylamino)‐1,2‐dichloro‐ethene (prepared in situ from DMF). Subsequent hydrolysis yielded the corresponding isatine derivatives in reasonable to high yields. DFT calculations with regard to the mechanisms of this reaction sequence are presented. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).
Analysis of ENSO interannual oscillations using non‐stationary quasi‐periodic statistics: a study of ENSO memory
Authors: Gaucherel Cédric 
Published: May 2009

AbstractMost climate fluctuations may be modulated by a variety of periodic or quasi‐periodic deterministic forcing (e.g. diurnal, seasonal or Milankovitch cycles). These process modulations often induce cyclostationary (CS) behaviour defined as periodic correlations. I proposed here that quasi‐periodic correlations may appear when the inertia (memory) of a process is modulating its pure CS property. This effect of the phenomenon memory led to CS behaviour ‘in average’ both in time and frequency domains, called Extended CycloStationarity (ECS) and being rigorously defined in this paper. A new statistical tool has been developed to analyse ECS in a time series with the help of a comfortable time‐frequency visualization technique (called DXM). This tool has been applied to the quantification of ENSO interannual ECS quasi‐cycles, taking into account the possible ENSO memory. ECS property searched in the SOI and SST (Niño‐3) indices perfectly confirmed the well‐known interannual periodicities (the quasi‐biennial, 28 months, and the quasi‐quadrennial, 45 months) and their evolutions discussed in the literature. The main result presented here was that these significant quasi‐cycles were the only ones detected throughout the 50‐year datasets, suggesting that various periodicities were detected in the past because ECS quasi‐cycles were not taken into account. This result led to the hypothesis that the quasi‐biennial cycle belonged to the atmospheric component and that the quasi‐quadrennial cycle belonged to the oceanic component of ENSO only. Both quasi‐cycle evolutions were significantly (p < 0.01) correlated (r2 = 0.62), with a delayed action (30‐month time lag) of the atmosphere upon the ocean. This observation highlighted the nature of the strong coupling between the two components and suggested a possible influence of Pacific atmospheric processes on oceanic processes. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Nutrient composition of leaves and fruit juice of grapevine as affected by soil and nitrogen fertilization
Authors: Peuke Andreas D. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractEffects of soil type and nitrogen (N) fertilizer–application rates on the nutrient composition of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Riesling) leaves during a growing cycle were compared with the composition of the resulting grape juice. Grapevines were planted in 75 L containers that had been installed in a vineyard and filled with three different vineyard soils (loess, shell lime, and Keuper). Four typical levels of N fertilizer (40, 80, 120, and 160 kg N ha–1) were applied. Elemental composition of mature leaves sampled seven times during the growing cycle as well as of the extracted grape juice was analyzed. The time of sampling affected all measured elements (C, N, Ca, K, P, Mg, S, Fe, Zn, Mn, and B) in the leaves. Nitrogen‐fertilizer rate affected the concentrations of all elements except Ca and Mg, while the soil type had significant effects on elemental composition of the leaves with the exception of N, B, and Ca. Soil type had a significant effect on K, S, Mn, and B in the grape juice. Increasing rates of N fertilizer increased C concentration in the grape juice significantly and affected its elemental composition similar to the effects in leaves. This may be explained with the role of leaves as the source for supplying the grapes during ripening via phloem transport. Cluster analysis for the elemental composition of soils, leaves, and grape juice revealed no consistent relationships indicating that other soil characteristics in addition to the mineral concentration influence the elemental composition of grapevine leaves and grape juice.
Crop species differ in root plasticity response to localised P supply
Authors: Rose Terry J. , Rengel Zed , Ma Qifu , Bowden John W. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe effect of localised phosphorus (P) fertiliser placement and in particular, deep P fertiliser placement, on the comparative root growth and P uptake of fibrous vs tap‐rooted crops is not known. In this study, we examined the root growth and P uptake of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), canola (Brassica napus L.), and narrow‐leaf lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) in a split‐root system and in columns with deep (19 cm) or shallow (5 cm) P fertiliser sources in glasshouse conditions. In the split‐root system, plants of all three species grown under heterogeneous soil P conditions absorbed more P and produced greater root and shoot biomass than those under homogeneous P supply. Root plasticity differed between species under heterogeneous soil P supply: canola and wheat allocated relatively more root biomass and root length to the high P zone than narrow‐leaf lupin. In the column experiment, there was no difference in the amount of P accumulated in shoots of any crops grown in the deep vs shallow P fertiliser treatments. Root proliferation occurred within the shallow and deep‐P fertiliser bands in all three species; however, root distribution above or below the bands did not differ between deep or shallow P fertiliser treatments in any species. Whilst root plasticity responses to heterogeneous soil P supply differed among species, root architecture (fibrous vs taproot) did not confer any advantage or disadvantage to the acquisition of P from deep vs shallow P fertiliser bands. Moreover, whilst roots proliferate in the vicinity of P fertiliser bands, root distribution outside of the bands appears to remain unaltered in both fibrous and tap‐rooted crops during early growth.
Prediction of model pools for a long‐term experiment using near‐infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Michel Kerstin , Ludwig Bernard 
Published: May 2009

AbstractFourty‐one soil samples from the “Eternal Rye” long‐term experiment in Halle, Germany, were used to test the usefulness of near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to differentiate between C derived from C3 and C4 plants by using the isotopic signature (δ13C) and to predict the pools considered in the Rothamsted Carbon (RothC) model, i.e., decomposable plant material, resistant plant material, microbial biomass, humified organic matter, and inert organic matter. All samples were scanned in the visible‐light and near‐infrared region (400–2500 nm). Cross‐validation equations were developed using the whole spectrum (first to third derivative) and a modified partial least‐square regression method. δ13C values and all pools of the RothC model were successfully predicted by NIRS as reflected by RSC values (ratio between standard deviation of the laboratory results and standard error of cross‐validation) ranging from 3.2 to 3.4. Correlations analysis indicated that organic C can be excluded as basis for the successful predictions by NIRS in most cases, i.e., 11 out of 16.
Prostaglandin E2 is activated by airway injury and regulates fibroblast cytoskeletal dynamics
Authors: Sandulache Vlad C. , Singh Tripti , Li‐Korotky Ha Sheng , Lo Chia Y. , Otteson Todd D. , Barsic Mark , Dohar Joseph E. , Hebda Patricia A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To characterize the activation of cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2/prostaglandin (PG) E2 signaling during airway mucosal repair and its subsequent role during the wound healing process.Study Design:Prospective animal study.Methods:The subglottis was approached via cricothyroidotomy. Sham airways were closed, and wounded airways were subjected to laser injury and closed. Subglottic tissue was harvested at 12 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours postinjury. Secretions were collected preoperatively and at time of sacrifice. Inflammatory gene expression was analyzed using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Subglottic/tracheal explants were exposed to exogenous IL‐1β in the presence or absence of COX inhibitors. Explant‐produced PGE2 levels were assayed using enzyme linked immunoassays. Human airway fibroblast migration and collagen contraction were assayed in the presence or absence of prostaglandin E2.Results:Laser injury triggers a rapid, dose‐dependent increase in mucosal IL‐1β and COX‐2 gene expression, with an anatomical distribution proportional to the distance from the site of injury. Gene upregulation correlates with dose‐dependent increases in PGE2 mucosal secretion levels. Ex vivo analysis indicates IL‐1β is responsible for the activation of the COX‐2 / PGE2 pathway. Prostaglandin E2 differentially inhibits airway fibroblast migration and contraction in a specific, dose‐dependent manner.Conclusions:PGE2 is activated during mucosal inflammation and acts to decrease fibroplastic activity in the mucosal wound bed. During subglottic stenosis (SGS) development, the levels of PGE2 generated in response to injury may be insufficient to blunt the intrinsically fibroplastic phenotype of SGS fibroblasts, resulting in excessive scarring. Laryngoscope, 2009
Specific IKKβ inhibitor IV blocks streptonigrin‐induced NF‐κB activity and potentiates its cytotoxic effect on cancer cells
Authors: Gavriil Maria , Tsao Cheng‐Chung , Mandiyan Sreekala , Arndt Kim , Abraham Robert , Zhang Yixian 
Published: May 2009

AbstractMany anticancer agents activate NF‐κB, which plays an important role in the survival of cancer cells. Inhibition of NF‐κB activity may therefore potentiate the efficacy of anticancer agents. We found that a previously used anticancer agent Streptonigrin (SN) was also a potent NF‐κB inducer. Using a specific IKKβ inhibitor IV (Podolin et al., J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2005; 312: 373–381), we revealed that the activation of NF‐κB was mediated through DNA damage‐induced activation of IKK complex. Furthermore, we demonstrated that SN‐induced DNA damage was unrelated to reactive oxygen species but to the hydroquinone form of SN converted by the NAD(P)H:quinine oxidoreductase (NQO1). The study suggests that the combination of SN with IKK inhibitor may improve efficacy over the use of single agent. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Walking economy in people with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Christiansen Cory L. , Schenkman Margaret L. , McFann Kim , Wolfe Pamela , Kohrt Wendy M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractGait dysfunction is an early problem identified by patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Alterations in gait may result in an increase in the energy cost of walking (i.e., walking economy). The purpose of this study was to determine whether walking economy is atypical in patients with PD when compared with healthy controls. A secondary purpose was to evaluate the associations of age, sex, and level of disease severity with walking economy in patients with PD. The rate of oxygen consumption (V̇O2) and other responses to treadmill walking were compared in 90 patients (64.4 ± 10.3 years) and 44 controls (64.6 ± 7.3 years) at several walking speeds. Pearson correlation coefficients (r) were calculated to determine relationships of age, sex, and disease state with walking economy in PD patients. Walking economy was significantly worse in PD patients than in controls at all speeds above 1.0 mph. Across all speeds, V̇O2 was 6 to 10% higher in PD patients. Heart rate, minute ventilation, respiratory exchange ratio, and rating of perceived exertion were correspondingly elevated. No significant relationship of age, sex, or UPDRS score with V̇O2 was found for patients with PD. The findings suggest that the physiologic stress of daily physical activities is increased in patients with early to mid‐stage PD, and this may contribute to the elevated level of fatigue that is characteristic of PD. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Screening for dystonia genes DYT1, 11 and 16 in patients with writer's cramp
Authors: Ritz Katja , Groen Justus L. , Kruisdijk Jose J.M. , Baas Frank , Koelman Johannes H.T.M. , Tijssen Marina A.J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractTask‐specific focal upper limb dystonia can be part of the phenotypic spectrum of different types of hereditary dystonia. We investigated whether writer's cramp as presenting symptom is associated with mutations in DYT11, DYT16, or with the DYT1 GAG deletion in 43 patients. No DYT11 and DYT16 mutations were identified. One patient carried the GAG deletion in the DYT1 gene. In our cohort, writer's cramp as presenting symptom is not associated with mutations in DYT11, DYT16, but it can be the sole manifestation of DYT1 GAG deletion mutation carriers. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Theoretical analysis for image formation from a lens system using supercontinuum light illumination
Authors: Su Wei‐Hung , Huang Chia‐Jeng , Chen Chi‐Chang 
Published: May 2009

AbstractTheoretical analysis for image formation of a lens system using a supercontinuum light source is provided. The supercontinuum wave is generated by launching femtosecond laser pulses into a highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber. The ultra high spatial coherence (determined by the core diameter of the photonic crystal fiber) and low temporal coherence (ultra wide spectral range from UV to near infrared) make it possible to achieve very long depth‐of‐focus projection without speckle noise. Even though the numerical aperture of the lens is as high as 1, the simulation result indicates that the depth of focus can be very large, in the order of centimeters. An application to 3D sensing using the supercontinuum wave is presented as well. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1899–1904, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24464
Extraction of effective permittivity and permeability of periodic metamaterial cells
Authors: Hyun Lee Dong , Sang Park Wee 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe complex permittivity and permeability of various periodic metamaterial (MTM) cells are extracted by using a fictitious rectangular waveguide consisting of perfect electric conductor and perfect magnetic conductor walls. The shapes of the MTM cells include a thin wire (TW), a single split‐ring resonator (SSRR), a double SRR (DSRR), a modified SRR, and a structure combining the TW and DSRR. The TW falls in the negative‐ε/positive‐μ region, the SRRs in the positive‐ε/negative‐μ region, and the combined structure in the negative‐ε/negative‐μ region. We also investigate how the permittivity and permeability are affected by the dimension parameters of the MTM cells. Another extraction technique utilizing time domain signals is developed to overcome some limitations that the waveguide technique cannot handle. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1824–1830, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24468
Wideband high‐gain antenna using metamaterial superstrate with the zero refractive index
Authors: Ju Jeongho , Kim Dongho , Lee Wangjoo J. , Choi Jaeick I. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA high‐gain antenna using a single layer metamaterial (MTM) superstrate with a zero refractive index (n) is proposed. To enhance the magnitude and flatness property of the antenna gain at the same time, the effectively zero refractive index behavior of metamaterial superstrate is used, which gathers the wave emitted from the microstrip patch antenna and collimates it toward the normal direction of the antenna. Both the simulation and measurement results provide that the realized gain of the proposed antenna is increased by about 5 dB and the flatness of that gain is no more than 1.5 dB in the predicted frequency band, where the proposed MTM is designed to have a zero index of refraction. Consequently, the high and flat gain antenna can be easily obtained by using our MTM superstrate. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1973–1976, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24469
A low power LC‐tank SiGe BiCMOS injection locked frequency divider
Authors: Jang Sheng‐Lyang , Wun Jyun‐Yan , Liu Cheng‐Chen , Juang Miin‐Horng 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAn LC‐tank injection locked frequency divider (ILFD) is proposed, and the ILFDs with a direct‐injection MOSFET and a tail‐injection HBT were implemented in the 0.35 μm SiGe 3P3M BiCMOS technology. Measurement results show that when the tuning voltage is tuned from 0 V to 1.8 V, the free‐running oscillation frequency of ILFD is tunable from 2.29 GHz to 2.94 GHz, and at the incident power of 0 dBm the divide‐by‐2/(‐4) operation range is from the incident frequency 4.2 to 6.7/(9.06 to 11.96) GHz. The core power consumption is 2.6 mW at Vdd = 1.1 V. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1970–1973, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24470