bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective, Organocatalytic Reduction of Ketones Using Bifunctional Thiourea‐Amine Catalysts.
Authors: Li De Run , He Anyu , Falck J. R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAir‐stable thiurea catalysts are developed and applied to the enantioselective reduction of various aromatic, aliphatic, heteroaromatic and cyclic prochiral ketones to the corresponding alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Fe(ClO4)3·xH2O‐Catalyzed Direct C—C Bond Forming Reactions Between Secondary Benzylic Alcohols with Different Types of Nucleophiles.
Authors: Thirupathi Ponnaboina , Kim Sung Soo 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe procedure allows the preparation of triarylmethanes (V) and the one‐step synthesis of the anti‐coagulant coumatetralyl (B) (X).
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid‐Promoted Friedel—Crafts Alkylation Reactions with α‐Ketophosphate Electrophiles.
Authors: Smith Austin G. , Johnson Jeffrey S. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe reaction is promoted by BF3·Et2O or by ZnCl2 and tolerates a range of aromatic, heteroaromatic and nonaromatic nucleophiles.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of 2,3,4‐Trisubstituted Functionalized Tetrahydrofurans via an Organocatalytic Michael Addition as Key Step.
Authors: Enders Dieter , Wang Chuan , Greb Andreas 
Published: August 2010

Abstract2,3,4‐Trisubstituted tetrahydrofurans are successfully obtained via an organocatalytic Michael addition followed by an aldehyde reduction/intramolecular oxo‐Michael addition sequence.
ChemInform Abstract: Semiconducting 2,3,6,7,10,11‐Hexakis{ [4‐(5‐dodecylthiophen‐2‐yl)phenyl]ethynyl}triphenylene and Its Discotic Liquid Crystalline Properties
Authors: Hoang Mai Ha , Cho Min Ju , Kim Kyung Hwan , Lee Tae Wan , Jin Jung‐Il , Choi Dong Hoon 
Published: August 2010

Abstractdesign and synthesis of the title compound
ChemInform Abstract: Highly endo‐Selective and Enantioselective 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylide with α‐Enones Catalyzed by a Silver(I)/ThioClickFerrophos Complex.
Authors: Oura Ichiro , Shimizu Kenta , Ogata Kenichi , Fukuzawa Shin‐ichi 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe reaction proceeds with high endo‐ and enantioselectivities to afford the tetrasubstituted pyrrolidines in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Oxidative Cyclization of 7‐Amino‐3‐R‐4,6‐dinitrobenzo[d]isoxazoles.
Authors: Bastrakov M. A. , Starosotnikov A. M. , Glukhov I. V. , Shevelev S. A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSelective amination of 4,6‐dinitrobenzisoxazoles (I) in 7‐position succeeds using the complex Ag(py)2MnO4 as oxidant in a saturated solution of NH3 in MeOH.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Oxidative Carbon—Carbon Coupling with SBA‐15‐Support Iron Terpyridine Catalyst.
Authors: Liu Peng , Zhou Cong‐Ying , Xiang Song , Che Chi‐Ming 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAn efficient silica‐supported iron terpyridine complex for oxidative C—C cross coupling reactions of tertiary amines with various carbon nucleophiles is described.
ChemInform Abstract: First InCl3‐Catalyzed, Three‐Component Coupling of Aldehydes, β‐Naphthol, and 6‐Amino‐1,3‐dimethyluracil to Functionalized Naphthopyranopyrimidines.
Authors: Nandi Ganesh Chandra , Samai Subhasis , Singh M. S. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe synthesis of the pharmaceutically important heterocyclic system does not require any activator or co‐catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,2‐Dihydro‐2‐thioxo‐4H‐3,1‐benzothiazin‐4‐one: Formation from Carbon Disulfide and Isatoic Anhydride.
Authors: Ottersbach Philipp , Haecker Hans‐Georg , Elsinghorst Paul W. , Schnakenburg Gregor , Guetschow Michael 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe reaction affords unexpectedly the benzothiazinone (III) as sole product.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Conformationally Restricted Sulfonamides via Radical Cyclization.
Authors: Biswas D. , Samp L. , Ganguly A. K. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA variety of o‐bromophenylsulfonamides having different unsaturated substituents on the amide nitrogen is investigated as substrates with respect to synthesize seven‐ and eight membered heterocycles.
ChemInform Abstract: A New and Convenient Approach to Heterotetracyclic Benzoxazocines Through Addition of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds to Quinolinium Salts.
Authors: Moghaddam Firouz Matloubi , Mirjafary Zohreh , Saeidian Hamdollah , Taheri Salman , Khodabakhshi Mohammad Reza 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe quinolinium salts are used as either iodides or bromides.
ChemInform Abstract: Expedient Route to CDE Ring System of Schintrilactones Through Tandem ROM—RCM of a Norbornene Derivative.
Authors: Matcha Kiran , Maity Soumitra , Malik Chanchal K. , Ghosh Subrata 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA synthesis of the tricyclic ring system (VI)/(VII) includes a key step sequence of ring‐opening and ring‐closing metathesis of the diastereomeric mixture of (II).
ChemInform Abstract: New Cytotoxic Myrsinane‐Type Diterpenes from Euphorbia prolifera
Authors: Li Jie , Xu Liang , Wang Feng‐Peng 
Published: August 2010

Abstractproliferins A (Ia), B (Ib), C (Ic) and D (II); proliferin A is active against A2780 cancer cells
3‐Alkenyl‐oxindoles: Natural Products, Pharmaceuticals, and Recent Synthetic Advances in Tandem/Telescoped Approaches (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 24/2010)
Authors: Millemaggi Alessia , Taylor Richard J. K. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe cover picture shows the structure of Sutent® superimposed upon the plants Isatis indigotica (used to prepare the widely used traditional Chinese medicine “Ban‐Lan‐Gen”) and Souliea vaginata (the source of Soulieotine). Natural products possessing the 3‐alkenyl‐oxindole core are presented in the Microreview by A. Millemaggi and R. J. K. Taylor on p. 4527 f. We thank Adam Gooch for his assistance with the cover graphic. The cover photographs are used with permission, and we are grateful to the following sources: Isatis indigotica: Creative Commons Copyright, Pethan, 2005. Souliea vaginata: Copyright 2007 by D. E. Boufford [photograph from the “Biodiversity of the Hengduan Mountains” website (http://hengduan.huh.harvard.edu/fieldnotes, 19‐04‐2010)].
Lipid domains in the milk fat globule membrane: Specific role of sphingomyelin
Authors: Lopez Christelle 
Published: August 2010

AbstractLipids are secreted in milk in the form of unique colloidal assemblies, the milk fat globules, which are surrounded by a biological membrane, the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM). Recent confocal laser scanning microscopy experiments showed heterogeneities in the composition and structure of the MFGM. For the first time, we revealed the phase separation of polar lipids in the plane of the MFGM with the lateral segregation of sphingomyelin and cholesterol in rigid liquid‐ordered (Lo) domains surrounded by the fluid matrix of glycerophospholipids in the liquid‐disordered (Ld) phase. The MFGM is a unique and highly dynamic biophysical system, the functional and nutritional properties of which need to be further studied for health benefits.
Behaviour of Oxide Inclusions in Liquid Steel: Multi‐QMOM Simulation
Authors: Claudotte L. , Rimbert N. , Gardin P. , Simonnet M. , Lehmann J. , Oesterlé B. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe topic of this paper is the study of inclusion properties and behaviour inside a ladle containing liquid steel. A new numerical tool tracks the size and the composition of inclusions during the oxygen removal and the steel refining. Commercial CFD codes (Fluent™), home‐made thermo‐kinetics code and population balance model have been associated to follow oxide precipitates. The long‐term scientific goal of this study consists in proposing actuators to prevent or to eliminate harmful inclusions based on results predicted by the numerical model.
Safety of Liver Resections in Obese and Overweight Patients
Authors: Balzan Silvio , Nagarajan Ganesh , Farges Olivier , Galleano Claudio Zettler , Dokmak Safi , Paugam Catherine , Belghiti Jacques 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe new global epidemic, overweight and obesity, has a significant role in the etiology of liver tumors. However, the impact of body weight on the outcome after liver resection is unknown.MethodsWe carried out a prospective study of 684 patients who underwent liver resections. Patients were stratified according their body mass index (BMI) as follows: normal (<25 kg/m2) (52%), overweight (25–29 kg/m2) (34%), and obese (≥30 kg/m2) (14%), and according to the extent of resection, as either minor or major hepatectomy. Preoperative and intraoperative characteristics and outcomes were prospectively studied. The Dindo–Clavien classification of morbidity was used.ResultsOverall postoperative morbidity and morbidity rates were not influenced by BMI. Pulmonary complications were significantly more frequent in obese patients irrespective of the extent of resection. During major resection obese had longer pedicular clamping and more frequently required blood transfusion. After major resection, major morbidity (Dindo–Clavien grade III or more) was more frequent in obese (57%) and overweight (54%) patients than in patients of normal body weight (35%; P < 0.05), including a higher rate of respiratory complications and ascites and longer intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stays. Obesity and overweight were independent predictors of major morbidity (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.2–5.8 and OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2–3.2, respectively), and obesity was a predictor of the need for blood transfusion (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.4–7.9) after major resections.ConclusionsObese and overweight patients are at increased risk of potentially life‐threatening morbidity after major hepatic resections. Because the risk of mortality is not increased significantly, there is no justification for a compromise in the indication or extent of surgery.
Rebuilding the relationship between people and nature: the Satoyama Initiative
Authors: Takeuchi Kazuhiko 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe satoyama landscape is a traditional Japanese rural land‐use system that represents a balanced relationship between human beings and nature, thereby sustaining a variety of ecosystem services, including the diversity of secondary natural environments. Overuse of the satoyama, as occurred during the Edo and early Meiji periods, as well as underuse as seen in the wake of the fuel and fertilizer revolutions of the 1960s, destroy this balance and hence the sustainability of this system. The Satoyama Initiative is an effort to rebuild a healthy relationship between nature and people who respect the traditional knowledge embodied in the satoyama system, and to explore new shared management systems (“new” commons) in which various actors, including corporations, participate in working toward the combined goals of a low‐carbon, resource‐circulating, nature‐harmonious society. In the interests of furthering cooperation with developing nations, it is important that this initiative pay heed to the need for improved agricultural, forestry, and livestock industry productivity that harmonizes with the natural environment, and to the improvement of human well‐being and the reduction of poverty.
Volatile Profiles of Rapeseed Oil Flavored with Basil, Oregano, and Thyme as a Function of Flavoring Conditions
Authors: Adams An , Kruma Zanda , Verhé Roland , De Kimpe Norbert , Kreicbergs Viesturs 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe flavoring of oils with herbs gives a specific taste and aroma to the oils and may increase their antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. The volatile aroma compounds in flavored rapeseed oil were studied as a function of flavoring conditions, by means of headspace solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) followed by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) analysis. Rapeseed oils were flavored with dried basil, oregano, and thyme at two different concentrations (3 and 6%) and were heated at different temperatures and for various time intervals, followed by filtration. In the headspace of flavored oils, the main volatiles of the dried herbs were detected. In general, the share of monoterpenes in the headspace of flavored oil was higher than in the original dried herbs, while sesquiterpenes and phenolic compounds were detected to a considerably lower extent in the oil than in the herbs. The concentrations of the volatiles detected in the oil increased with increasing heating time and temperature.
Research and Teaching About the Deep Earth: Understanding the Deep Earth: Slabs, Drips, Plumes and More; Virtual Workshop, 17–19 February and 24–26 February 2010
Authors: Williams Michael L. , Mogk David W. , McDaris John 
Published: August 2010

Images and models of active faults, subducting plates, mantle drips, and rising plumes are spurring new excitement about deep‐Earth processes and connections between Earth's internal systems and plate tectonics. The new results and the steady progress of Earthscope's USArray across the country are also providing a special opportunity to reach students and the general public.The pace of discoveries about the deep Earth is accelerating due to advances in experimental, modeling, and sensing technologies; new data processing capabilities; and installation of new networks, especially the EarthScope facility. EarthScope is an interdisciplinary program that combines geology and geophysics to study the structure and evolution of the North American continent. To explore the current state of deep‐Earth science and ways in which it can be brought into the undergraduate classroom, 40 professors attended a virtual workshop given by On the Cutting Edge, a program that strives to improve undergraduate geoscience education through an integrated cooperative series of workshops and Web‐based resources. The 6‐day two‐part workshop consisted of plenary talks, large and small group discussions, and development and review of new classroom and laboratory activities.
Beyond Capacity Limitations II: Effects of Lexical Processes on Word Recall in Verbal Working Memory Tasks in Children With and Without Specific Language Impairment
Authors: Mainela-Arnold Elina , Evans Julia L. , Coady Jeffry 
Published: August 2010

Purpose
This study investigated the impact of lexical processes on target word recall in sentence span tasks in children with and without specific language impairment (SLI).

Method
Participants were 42 children (ages 8;2–12;3 [years;months]): 21 with SLI and 21 typically developing peers matched on age and nonverbal IQ. Children completed a sentence span task in which target words to be recalled varied in word frequency and neighborhood density. Two measures of lexical processes were examined: the number of nontarget competitor words activated during a gating task (lexical cohort competition) and word definitions.

Results
Neighborhood density had no effect on word recall for either group. However, both groups recalled significantly more high- than low-frequency words. Lexical cohort competition and specificity of semantic representations accounted for unique variance in the number of target word recalled in the SLI and chronological age-matched (CA) groups combined.

Conclusions
Performance on verbal working memory span tasks for both SLI and CA children is influenced by word frequency, lexical cohorts, and semantic representations. Future studies need to examine the extent to which verbal working memory capacity is a cognitive construct independent of extant language knowledge representations.
Observation of Classroom Social Communication: Do Children With Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Spend Their Time Differently Than Their Typically Developing Peers?
Authors: Olswang Lesley B. , Svensson Liselotte , Astley Susan 
Published: August 2010

Purpose
In this research, the authors examined how social communication profiles during classroom activities differed between children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) and typically developing pair-matched peers.

Method
Twelve pairs of children were observed in their classrooms 20 min a day for 4 days across 2 weeks. Coders documented classroom social communication by recording performance on handheld computers using the Social Communication Coding System (L. B. Olswang, L. Svensson, T. E. Coggins, J. Beilinson, & A. L. Donaldson, 2006). The Social Communication Coding System consists of 6 behavioral dimensions (prosocial/engaged, passive/disengaged, irrelevant, hostile/coercive, assertive, and adult seeking) that account for all verbal and nonverbal productions during a specified timeframe. The frequency of occurrence and duration of each dimension (as measured by proportion of time and average length of time spent performing each dimension) were recorded.

Results
Children with FASD had significantly more occurrences of passive/disengaged and irrelevant behavior, and the proportion and average length of time in these behaviors were larger and longer than those of their peers. Further, children with FASD had significantly more occurrences of prosocial/engaged behavior; however, the proportion and average length of time that they spent being prosocial were smaller and shorter than those of their peers.

Implications
Results suggest children with mild FASD performed differently than their peers in regard to classroom social communication, which was consistent with parent and teacher behavioral reports.
Theoretical Explanations for Preschoolers' Lowercase Alphabet Knowledge
Authors: Pence Turnbull Khara L. , Bowles Ryan P. , Skibbe Lori E. , Justice Laura M. , Wiggins Alice K. 
Published: August 2010

Purpose
Letter knowledge is a key aspect of children’s language development, yet relatively little research has aimed to understand the nature of lowercase letter knowledge. We considered 4 hypotheses about children’s lowercase letter knowledge simultaneously—uppercase familiarity, uppercase-lowercase similarity, own-name advantage, and frequency in printed English—as well as 3 interactions.

Method
Participants were 461 children ranging in age from 3 to 5 years, all of whom attended public preschool programs serving primarily children from low-income homes, who completed a letter naming task.

Results
Uppercase familiarity was the strongest predictor of children’s lowercase alphabet knowledge; children were more than 16 times more likely to know a lowercase letter if they knew the corresponding uppercase letter. Uppercase-lowercase similarity and frequency in printed English also predicted children’s lowercase letter knowledge, as did the interaction between uppercase familiarity and own-name advantage and the interaction between uppercase familiarity and uppercase-lowercase similarity.

Conclusions
Findings suggest that transference from uppercase letter knowledge may be a primary mechanism for lowercase letter knowledge and that young children’s knowledge of the lowercase alphabet letters is multiply determined.
Lexicality and Frequency in Specific Language Impairment: Accuracy and Error Data from Two Nonword Repetition Tests
Authors: Jones Gary , Tamburelli Marco , Watson Sarah E. , Gobet Fernand , Pine Julian M. 
Published: August 2010

Purpose
Deficits in phonological working memory and deficits in phonological processing have both been considered potential explanatory factors in specific language impairment (SLI). Manipulations of the lexicality and phonotactic frequency of nonwords enable contrasting predictions to be derived from these hypotheses.

Method
Eighteen typically developing (TD) children and 18 children with SLI completed an assessment battery that included tests of language ability, nonverbal intelligence, and two nonword repetition tests that varied in lexicality and frequency.

Results
Repetition accuracy showed that children with SLI were unimpaired for short and simple high-lexicality nonwords, whereas clear impairments were shown for all low-lexicality nonwords. For low-lexicality nonwords, greater repetition accuracy was seen for nonwords constructed from high over low-frequency phoneme sequences. Children with SLI made the same proportion of errors that substituted a nonsense syllable for a lexical item as TD children, and this was stable across nonword length.

Conclusions
The data show support for a phonological processing deficit in children with SLI, where long-term lexical and sublexical phonological knowledge mediate the interpretation of nonwords. However, the data also suggest that while phonological processing may provide a key explanation of SLI, a full account is likely to be multifaceted.
An investigation of dielectric barrier discharge in Ar and Ar/NH3 mixture using cross-correlation spectroscopy
Authors: Kloc P , Wagner H-E , Trunec D , Navrátil Z , Fedoseev G 
Published: August 2010

Dielectric barrier discharges (BDs) are known to operate in two distinctive modes. The filamentary mode of BD is characterized by a large number of short lasting spatially bounded microdischarges. This type of discharge is typical for most cases of BDs at atmospheric pressure. Under some specific conditions another form of BD may arise. In this mode plasma uniformly covers the whole electrode area. This mode is usually referred to as the diffuse or homogeneous mode of BD.
This work presents studies of the filamentary mode of BD in argon and its transition to the diffuse mode by ammonia addition. The discharges were investigated by means of cross-correlation spectroscopy. Particularly, the influence of electrode shape, discharge gap and the influence of ammonia admixture on discharge development were studied. The measurement offers results with high temporal and spatial resolution which are useful for comparison with results of numerical models.
The obtained results include the electrical current measurement of discharge in several ammonia admixtures to argon. The diffuse discharge appeared at ammonia admixture above 3 vol%. The observed propagation of streamer in discharge in pure argon for two different electrode configurations is presented. When compared with discharge in pure argon the streamer velocity is decreased for 0.1 vol% ammonia admixture. With increasing ammonia concentration the streamer velocity increases again. The behaviour of presented impurities was observed and the results are included in this report. The basic model of the discharge kinetic is included. For reduced electric field below 10 Td the electron drift is much higher in argon–ammonia mixture than in pure argon.
What Kind of Poverty Alleviation Policy Does Russia Need?
Authors: Ovcharova Lilia , Popova Daria 
Published: August 2010

One of the main negative trends of the last decade in Russia has been an unprecedented rise in the numbers of the poor. The economic crisis has entailed an almost two‐fold drop in average incomes, modernisation of income distribution has led to an unprecedented increase of income inequality, and the Soviet system of social benefits and privileges oriented to supporting the wealthiest groups has remained in place. The result has been a surge in the poverty rate.This article outlines major issues to be addressed in developing a poverty alleviation policy for Russia. They can be broadly summarised as follows:Only comprehensive and consistent consideration of these issues will allow a strategy of poverty rate reduction to be formulated.