bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased body mass index modifies associations between alcohol intake and blood cholesterol profile
Authors: Wakabayashi Ichiro 
Published: June 2011

Eur J Clin Invest 2011AbstractBackground and objectives  Habitual alcohol drinking influences blood cholesterol profile, and dyslipidaemia often accompanies obesity. The aim of this study was to determine whether obesity modifies relationships between alcohol intake and blood cholesterol profile.Methods  Japanese men aged 35–60 years (n = 23 834) were divided into two groups by body mass index (BMI) (normal BMI: ≥ 18·5 and < 25 kg/m2; high BMI: ≥ 25 kg/m2) and were further divided into four subgroups by alcohol intake [non‐, light (< 22 g ethanol/day), heavy (≥ 22 and < 44 g ethanol/day) and very heavy (≥ 44 g ethanol/day) drinkers]. Relationships of alcohol intake with serum LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and LDL/HDL ratio were investigated.Results  Both in the subject groups with normal and high BMI, alcohol intake was associated with lower risks of high LDL cholesterol, low HDL cholesterol and high LDL/HDL ratio, and these risks tended to decrease as alcohol intake increased. The odds ratios vs. nondrinkers for high LDL cholesterol, low HDL cholesterol and high LDL/HDL ratio tended to be lower in the normal BMI group than in the high BMI group. Significant interactions between alcohol drinking and BMI for high LDL cholesterol, low HDL cholesterol and high LDL/HDL ratio were found in all of the drinker subgroups except for the interaction for high LDL cholesterol in light drinkers.Conclusions  High BMI status is suggested to attenuate the associations of alcohol intake with lower LDL cholesterol, higher HDL cholesterol and lower LDL/HDL ratio.
A critique of Rasch analysis using the Dyspnoea‐12 as an illustrative example
Authors: Yorke Janelle , Horton Mike , Jones Paul W. 
Published: June 2011

yorke j., horton m. & jones p. w. (2012) A critique of Rasch analysis using the Dyspnoea‐12 as an illustrative example. Journal of Advanced Nursing68(1), 191–198.AbstractAim.  This paper is a report of a study of the application and critique of Rasch analysis to the development of the Dyspnoea‐12 questionnaire; an instrument that measures breathlessness severity.Background.  The development of questionnaires has traditionally involved application of classical test theory. Rasch analysis has gained international momentum as a robust application of ‘modern’ psychometric testing for the development of new instruments and the refinement of existing ones.Method.  A total of 358 patients [mean age 62 (sd = 8); chronic obstructive pulmonary disease = 123, interstitial lung disease = 129, heart failure = 106], responded to an initial list of 81 items (between May 2006 and February 2008). Hierarchical modelling reduced the list to 34 items. Rasch analysis was used to inform decisions about further item removal and fit to the unidimensional model. Rasch analysis included tests of item response appropriateness, item residual, differential item functioning (including gender and diagnosis) and unidimensionality.Results.  Twenty‐two items failed to reach the requirements of the Rasch model and were removed. Reasons included high residuals and item bias associated with gender and diagnosis. The 12‐items conformed to the Rasch unidimensional parameters (number of statistically significant t‐tests 6·7%; confidence interval: 4·4–9·0%).Conclusion.  We have presented the steps involved in reducing and refining a large item‐set by identifying those items which possessed the most reliable measurement properties. The Dyspnoea‐12 is reliable and simple to use and should find utility in both practice and research settings. We recommend that nurses consider Rasch analysis in the development of health‐related questionnaires.
Exploring Serological Classification Tree Model of Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis by Magnetic Beads Pretreatment and MALDI‐TOF MS Analysis
Authors: Deng C. , Lin M. , Hu C. , Li Y. , Gao Y. , Cheng X. , Zhang F. , Dong M. , Li Y. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractPulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease disturbing status of public health, and accurate diagnosis of TB would effectively help control the disturbance. Our study tried to establish a classification tree model that distinguished active TB from non‐TB individuals. We used matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) combined with weak cationic exchange (WCX) magnetic beads to analyse 178 serum samples containing 75 patients with active TB and 103 non‐TB individuals (43 patients with common pulmonary diseases and 60 healthy controls). Samples were randomly divided into a training set and a test set. Statistical softwares were applied to construct this model. An amount of 48 differential expressed peaks (P < 0.05) were identified by the training set, and our model was set up by three of them, m/z 7626, 8561 and 8608. This model can discriminate patients with active TB from patients with non‐TB with a sensitivity of 98.3% and a specificity of 84.4%. The test set was used to verify the performance, which demonstrated good sensitivity and specificity: 85.7% and 83.3%, respectively. Differential expressed peaks between smear‐positive and smear‐negative active TB also have been analysed. It came out that m/z 8561 and 8608 not only acted as vital factors in the pathogenesis of active TB but also played an important role in regulating different active TB status. In conclusion, MALDI‐TOF MS combined with WCX magnetic beads was a powerful technology for constructing classification tree model, and the model we built could serve as a potential diagnostic tool for active TB.
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia: An Indian experience
Authors: Maiti Abhishek , Chatterjee Sudip 
Published: June 2011

Aims:  Data regarding the presentation and course of patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is scarce in South Asia. We aimed to fill that gap by collating our experience with CAH and comparing it with findings from few other centres around the world for pertinent differences.Methods:  We retrospectively analysed the records of 86 CAH patients seen at our tertiary care centre in Eastern‐India from 1996 to 2010.Results:  Forty‐five patients (52.3%) had classic disease and 41 (47.7%) had non‐classic disease (NC CAH). In the classic CAH group, 18 (20.9%) had salt wasting CAH (SW CAH) while 27 (31.4%) had simple virilising disease (SV CAH). Ten (11.6%) had a 46,XY karyotype. Patients with SW CAH were diagnosed earlier in infancy at a median age of 0.5 year, than those with SV type, who were diagnosed at 9 years (P < 0.05). The NC CAH patients were diagnosed still later, at 20.4 years. In patients with SW CAH, boys were diagnosed at an earlier median age of 0.1 year than girls who were diagnosed at 6.4 years (P < 0.05). Sixteen girls (21% of the girls) underwent vaginoplasty of whom four required additional clitoroplasty. One girl needed bilateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy. One NC CAH patient had a successful assisted pregnancy. Hypothyroidism, found in seven (8.1%) was the commonest coexisting abnormality.Conclusion:  The skewed male : female ratio suggested that a substantial proportion of males were being missed and consequently may die. Majority of the diagnosed patients (n= 55, 64%) have been lost to follow‐up. Remaining patients could be reasonably controlled with standard therapy.
Does more protein in the first week of life change outcomes for very low birthweight babies?
Authors: Cormack Barbara E , Bloomfield Frank H , Dezoete Anne , Kuschel Carl A 
Published: June 2011

Background:  Following publication of revised recommended nutrient intakes (RNI) for infants <1500 g, our intravenous nutrition (IVN) solutions were reformulated to deliver RNI in a restricted volume to ensure additional non‐nutritional fluids did not detract from nutritional intake. An audit was performed to determine whether these changes achieved RNI and influenced growth, clinical or neurodevelopmental outcomes.Methods:  Two cohorts of 40 infants <1500 g were identified from a prospectively maintained database: babies born before and after reformulation of the IVN solutions. Data on nutritional intakes for the first 30 days of life, growth and clinical outcomes were collected. Neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 months corrected age (CA) were obtained from a Bayley III assessment. Results are presented as mean ± SD.Results:  The ‘after’ group received significantly less fluid (105 ± 12 vs. 132 ± 15 mL/kg/day, P < 0.001) but more protein (3.2 ± 0.6 vs. 2.4 ± 0.5 g/kg/day, P < 0.001) in the first week of life. There were no differences in clinical outcome, growth z‐scores at 4 weeks of age or neurodevelopmental outcome at 18 months CA between the ‘before’ and ‘after’ infants. Enteral protein intake in the first 2 weeks of life was positively associated with neurodevelopmental outcome (cognitive score r2= 0.13 P= 0.03, motor score r2= 0.27 P= 0.001).Conclusion:  Although the new IVN regimen achieved intakes closer to RNI, there were no major effects on growth, clinical outcome or neurodevelopmental outcome at 18 months CA. Enteral protein intake in the first two weeks was positively associated with neurodevelopmental outcome, suggesting early enteral protein intake is important for optimal brain function.
Anatomical variation of the posterior lumbar tributaries of the left renal vein in retroperitoneoscopic left living donor nephrectomy
Authors: Li Gang , Dong Jun , Lu Jin‐Shan , Zu Qiang , Yang Su‐Xia , Li Hong‐Zhao , Ma Xin , Zhang Xu 
Published: June 2011

Objectives:  To increase awareness of the anatomical variation of the posterior lumbar tributaries of the left renal vein in retroperitoneoscopic left living donor nephrectomy.Methods:  A total of 61 cases of retroperitoneoscopic left living donor nephrectomy were carried out from March 2008 to June 2010. The anatomical variations of the posterior lumbar tributaries of the left renal vein in these patients were noted.Results:  According to the variation of posterior lumbar tributaries, there were seven types in total, including five main types (accounts for 95.1%, 58/61 cases) and the type of reno‐hemi‐azygo‐lumbar trunk (AZV; accounts for 16.4%, 10/61 cases). According to the number of posterior lumbar tributaries, no lumbar vein covers accounted for 16.4% (10/61 cases), one lumbar vein accounted for 47.5% (29/61 cases), two lumbar veins accounted for 32.8% (20/61 cases) and three lumbar veins accounted 3.3% (2/61 cases). According to the operation time during the process of managing posterior lumbar veins, it was type 4 (AZV) on which the surgeon spent the most time (P < 0.05), and type 5 (no lumbar vein) on which the surgeon spent the least time (P < 0.05).Conclusions:  This is the first report of the anatomical variation of the posterior lumbar tributaries of the left renal vein in retroperitoneal laparoscopic left living donor nephrectomy. Detailed knowledge of these anatomical variations will undoubtedly help surgeons to avoid the potential risk of vein damage during nephrectomy and to obtain a longer renal artery for the following renal transplantation.
The phylogenetic distribution and morphological variation of the ‘pouch’ in female snakes
Authors: Siegel Dustin S. , Miralles Aurélien , Trauth Stanley E. , Aldridge Robert D. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractSiegel D.S., Miralles A, Trauth S.E. and Aldridge R.D. 2011. The phylogenetic distribution and morphological variation of the ‘pouch’ in female snakes. —Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 93: 400–408.The urodaeum of female snakes is a chamber that receives the oviducts, urinary ducts, and intestine. Previous studies have indicated that a derived region of unknown function persists between the urodaeum and oviducts in some snakes of the Colubroides. This structure was recently termed the ‘pouch’; however, it is also commonly referred to as the vaginal pouch. A broad sampling of female snakes revealed that the pouch evolved once on the branch leading to Colubroides. The presence of the pouch in Colubroides is not unambiguous, as this feature was lost in some members of the Atractaspididae and Lamprophiidae. Variation was also observed in pouch morphology between taxa of the Colubroides. Variation included the following: (1) whether the pouch was bifurcated and if so, were the arms of the pouch separated caudally, (2) whether separated pouch arms were split by a caudal bifurcation of the urodaeum or through medial septa of the pouch arms, and (3) the absence or presence of oviducal papillae invading the cranial/lateral extremity of the pouch. The variation in pouch morphology observed does not appear to be correlated with the evolutionary history of Colubroides and polymorphism within families is common.
Development, morphology and ultrastructure of the branchial crown of Fabricia stellaris (Müller, 1774) (Polychaeta: Sabellida: Fabriciinae)
Authors: Randel Nadine , Bick Andreas 
Published: June 2011

AbstractRandel, N. and Bick, A. 2011. Development, morphology and ultrastructure of the branchial crown of Fabricia stellaris (Müller, 1774) (Polychaeta: Sabellida: Fabriciinae). —Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 93: 409–421.Sabellidae and Serpulidae are well‐known tube‐building polychaetes with a distinctive and often spectacularly colourful branchial crown. Morphological investigations suggest that these taxa form the monophyletic clade Sabellida, with the adelphotaxa Sabellidae and Serpulidae, but the relationship between these taxa remains ambiguous. Molecular investigations have indicated that the Fabriciinae, major taxon of Sabellidae, belongs to Serpulidae, thereby making Sabellidae paraphyletic; however, morphological characters are absent to support this result. We investigate the development, anatomy and ultrastructure of the branchial crown of Fabricia stellaris (Müller, 1774), describing morphological characteristics useful not only for constructing morphological phylogenies but also for understanding the evolution of the branchial crown. The morphology of the radioles and pinnules does not differ from each other. The supporting tissue of the branchial crown consists of myoepithelial cells and a solid extracellular matrix (ECM). Both ciliated and non‐ciliated cells form the epidermal layer; ciliated cells shape the food groove. Most important is the result that radioles and pinnules within Sabellida may not be homologous, because the morphology and the branching of radioles and pinnules are completely different between Sabellinae, Fabriciinae and Serpulidae. The terms ‘primary branch’ for radioles and ‘secondary branch’ for pinnules are proposed for Fabriciinae. The phylogeny of the Sabellida is discussed.
Increment of 30‐min post‐challenge plasma glucose is associated with urine albumin excretion in men with normal glucose regulation
Authors: Li D. , Hou X. , Ma X. , Zong W. , Shao X. , Lu H. , Xiang K. , Jia W. 
Published: June 2011

Diabet. Med. 28, 1323–1329 (2011)AbstractAims  The overwhelming majority of subjects with normal glucose regulation have the highest plasma glucose concentration at 30 minutes during oral glucose tolerance. We aimed to examine the association between increment of 30‐min post‐challenge glucose and albuminuria in participants with normal glucose regulation.Methods  A population‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted in six communities in Shanghai between 2007 and 2008. A total of 3508 subjects with normal glucose regulation had complete data and were enrolled into the analysis. Among the selected subjects, only 1525 individuals (581 men, 944 women) were examined for their serum insulin levels. We assessed post‐challenge blood glucose and insulin at 0, 30 and 120 min, urinary albumin and creatinine. The 30‐min post‐challenge glucose increment (Δ) was calculated as 30‐min post‐challenge glucose minus fasting plasma glucose, and albumin/creatinine ratio was used to reflect urinary albumin excretion.Results  Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that the Δ30‐min post‐challenge glucose was independently associated with increased albumin/creatinine ratio in men with normal glucose regulation (OR = 1.08, P = 0.025), but not in women. Furthermore, multivariable linear regression analysis revealed that early‐phase glucose disposition index was the main factor responsible for Δ30‐min post‐challenge glucose and explained 14–20% of the variance of Δ30‐min post‐challenge glucose in the two subgroups (P < 0.05). Notably, men had higher Δ30‐min post‐challenge glucose and lower early‐phase glucose disposition index than women (all P < 0.001).Conclusions  The 30‐min post‐challenge plasma glucose increment is associated with urine albumin excretion in men with normal glucose regulation.
New International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) recommendations for diagnosing gestational diabetes compared with former criteria: a retrospective study on pregnancy outcome
Authors: Lapolla A. , Dalfrà M. G. , Ragazzi E. , De Cata A. P. , Fedele D. 
Published: June 2011

Diabet. Med. 28, 1074–1077 (2011)AbstractAims  The International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) Consensus Panel recommends new criteria for diagnosing gestational diabetes. We evaluated the clinical and metabolic characteristics, and pregnancy outcome, in women previously classifiable as ‘normal’ according to the 4th International Workshop Conference on gestational diabetes criteria, but reclassified as ‘abnormal’ according to the new recommendations.Methods  Using the new IADPSG criteria, 3953 pregnancies were retrospectively reclassified as 1815 women with normal glucose tolerance and 2138 with gestational diabetes, 112 (2.8%) of whom would have been classified as normal according to the older criteria.Results  Of the 2138 women classified as abnormal by the new criteria, the 112 women now reclassified as abnormal were younger and had a lower pre‐pregnancy BMI than the 2026 women who had also been classified as abnormal by the previous criteria. The 100‐g oral glucose tolerance test showed significantly higher glucose levels in these 112 women than in the 1815 women reclassified as normal (P < 0.0001). Caesarean section was significantly more frequent (P < 0.01) and the ponderal index for the newborn significantly higher in these reclassified women than in those classified as normal (P < 0.0001), and their basal glucose levels correlated significantly with the ponderal index (P < 0.05).Conclusion  The new criteria for diagnosing gestational diabetes identified a group of women previously classifiable as normal according to the 4th International Workshop Conference criteria, but revealing metabolic characteristics and pregnancy outcomes resembling those of women who would have been considered to have gestational diabetes by the previous criteria.
CULTURAL COMMODIFICATION AND TOURISM: THE GOO‐MOREMI COMMUNITY, CENTRAL BOTSWANA
Authors: MBAIWA JOSEPH E. 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTBotswana is promoting cultural tourism to diversify the country's nature‐based tourism industry, to increase citizen participation in tourism development; and, improve rural livelihoods. The objective of this paper is to analyse tourism and cultural commodification at Goo‐Moremi Village, Central Botswana, an emerging destination for cultural tourism. Conceptually, the study is informed by the debates around cultural commodification. Using both primary and secondary data sources, culture at Goo‐Moremi Village and Gorge is considered sacred as ancestor worship controls the day‐to‐day lives of people. Ambivalence, tensions and local resistance emerge in the process of commodifying culture at Goo‐Moremi village. Some local people embrace the commodification of their culture into a tourism product because of anticipated socio‐economic benefits whereas others resist cultural commodification as a result of fears that it may devalue their culture and belief system.
Perceptual reversals during binocular rivalry: ERP components and their concomitant source differences
Authors: Britz Juliane , Pitts Michael A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe used an intermittent stimulus presentation to investigate event‐related potential (ERP) components associated with perceptual reversals during binocular rivalry. The combination of spatiotemporal ERP analysis with source imaging and statistical parametric mapping of the concomitant source differences yielded differences in three time windows: reversals showed increased activity in early visual (∼120 ms) and in inferior frontal and anterior temporal areas (∼400–600 ms) and decreased activity in the ventral stream (∼250–350 ms). The combination of source imaging and statistical parametric mapping suggests that these differences were due to differences in generator strength and not generator configuration, unlike the initiation of reversals in right inferior parietal areas. These results are discussed within the context of the extensive network of brain areas that has been implicated in the initiation, implementation, and appraisal of bistable perceptual reversals.
Biomedical and health sciences publication productivity from Malaysia
Authors: Zainal Hazmir , Zainab Awang Ngah 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackground:  The aim of this study was to examine Malaysian contributions in the field of biomedical and health sciences.Methods:  In this study, 3697 publications affiliated to Malaysian addresses from the sci database between 1990 and 2005 were sampled. This study also explored publication productivity trends, authorship and collaboration pattern, core journals used, and citations obtained.Results:  Main contributions were journal articles (73.3%). Most authors (63.7%) contributed only one article and 16.1% produced over 30–68 publications. Multi‐authored works were the norm. The productive authors were named either first or second in publications. There were active collaborations with authors from Asia‐Pacific countries (35%) and Europe (30%). The majority of publications were contributed by institutions of higher learning (87%). Core journals used follow quite close to Bradford’s zonal ratios of 44:152:581. The active research areas were identified. About 71.3% of publications received citations especially those published from 1995 to 1999.Conclusion:  This study helped librarians identify active researchers, active research areas and journals relevant to biomedical and health sciences researchers and useful when producing reports to university management and planning medical collection policies and deciding on journal subscriptions and cancellations.