bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VIII. Anne of Denmark's Jewellery Inventory
Authors: Scarisbrick Diana 
Published: April 2011

The inventory of the jewels of Anne of Denmark, wife of James I of England, belongs to a group of catalogues of personal jewellery of Tudor and Stuart royalty of which one of the most important is that made after the death of Henry VIII in 1550. It is now in the National Library of Scotland (Adv. MS 31.1.10) and was compiled in 1606, the last entry being dated January 1607. It records over four hundred items giving the weight of gold or silver, and the number and nature of the gems in each. The text was written in a neat secretary hand on the recto of each folio, the verso being left blank for later notes. Most of these, together with the marginalia and corrections to the main text, are in the same hand; but two other writers can be distinguished. The presence of these corrections and annotations show it to have been the working copy kept in the Jewel House.The detailed descriptions make it possible to trace some of the jewels in the earlier inventories of Henry VIII, Mary Tudor and Queen Elizabeth, and, in the case of the latter, to donors such as her favourite, the Earl of Warwick. On his accession James I declared certain jewels to be ‘individually and inseparably for ever annexed to the kingdome of this realme,’ but this did not prevent either their use at Court of subsequent dispersal.
Rethinking numismatics. The archaeology of coins
Authors: Kemmers Fleur , Myrberg Nanouschka 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis paper sets out to re-member coins into archaeological discourse. It is argued that coins, as part of material culture, need to be examined within the theoretical framework of historical archaeology and material-culture studies. Through several case studies we demonstrate how coins, through their integration of text, image and existence as material objects, offer profound insights not only into matters of economy and the ‘big history’ of issuers and state organization but also into ‘small histories’, cultural values and the agency of humans and objects. In the formative period of archaeology in the 19th century the study of coins played an important role in the development of new methods and concepts. Today, numismatics is viewed as a field apart. The mutual benefits of our approach to the fields of archaeology and numismatics highlight the need for a new and constructive dialogue between the disciplines.
ON AN ANTIPLANE CRACK PROBLEM FOR FUNCTIONALLY GRADED ELASTIC MATERIALS
Authors: CLEMENTS DAVID L. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis paper examines an antiplane crack problem for a functionally graded anisotropic elastic material in which the elastic moduli vary quadratically with the spatial coordinates. A solution to the crack problem is obtained in terms of a pair of integral equations. An iterative solution to the integral equations is used to examine the effect of the anisotropy and varying elastic moduli on the crack tip stress intensity factors and the crack displacement.
Function assertive community treatment (FACT) and psychiatric service use in patients diagnosed with severe mental illness
Authors: Drukker M. , Van Os J. , Sytema S. , Driessen G. , Visser E. , Delespaul Ph. 
Published: April 2011

Aim.Previous work suggests that the Dutch variant of assertive community treatment (ACT), known as Function ACT (FACT), may be effective in increasing symptomatic remission rates when replacing a system of hospital-based care and separate community-based facilities. FACT guidelines propose a different pattern of psychiatric service consumption compared to traditional services, which should result in different costing parameters than care as usual (CAU).Methods.South-Limburg FACT patients, identified through the local psychiatric case register, were matched with patients from a non-FACT control region in the North of the Netherlands (NN). Matching was accomplished using propensity scoring including, among others, total and outpatient care consumption. Assessment, as an important ingredient of FACT, was the point of departure of the present analysis.Results.FACT patients, compared to CAU, had five more outpatient contacts after the index date. Cost-effectiveness was difficult to assess.Conclusion.Implementation of FACT results in measurable changes in mental health care use.
Intensive nitrogen loss over the Omani Shelf due to anammox coupled with dissimilatory nitrite reduction to ammonium
Authors: Jensen Marlene M , Lam Phyllis , Revsbech Niels Peter , Nagel Birgit , Gaye Birgit , Jetten Mike SM , Kuypers Marcel MM 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A combination of stable isotopes (15N) and molecular ecological approaches was used to investigate the vertical distribution and mechanisms of biological N2 production along a transect from the Omani coast to the central–northeastern (NE) Arabian Sea. The Arabian Sea harbors the thickest oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) in the world's oceans, and is considered to be a major site of oceanic nitrogen (N) loss. Short (&lt;48 h) anoxic incubations with 15N-labeled substrates and functional gene expression analyses showed that the anammox process was highly active, whereas denitrification was hardly detectable in the OMZ over the Omani shelf at least at the time of our sampling. Anammox was coupled with dissimilatory nitrite reduction to ammonium (DNRA), resulting in the production of double-15N-labeled N2 from 15NO2−, a signal often taken as the lone evidence for denitrification in the past. Although the central–NE Arabian Sea has conventionally been regarded as the primary N-loss region, low potential N-loss rates at sporadic depths were detected at best. N-loss activities in this region likely experience high spatiotemporal variabilities as linked to the availability of organic matter. Our finding of greater N-loss associated with the more productive Omani upwelling region is consistent with results from other major OMZs. The close reliance of anammox on DNRA also highlights the need to take into account the effects of coupling N-transformations on oceanic N-loss and subsequent N-balance estimates.
Signaling-mediated cross-talk modulates swarming and biofilm formation in a coral pathogen Serratia marcescens
Authors: Alagely Ali , Krediet Cory J , Ritchie Kim B , Teplitski Max 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Interactions within microbial communities associated with marine holobionts contribute importantly to the health of these symbiotic organisms formed by invertebrates, dinoflagellates and bacteria. However, mechanisms that control invertebrate-associated microbiota are not yet fully understood. Hydrophobic compounds that were isolated from surfaces of asymptomatic corals inhibited biofilm formation by the white pox pathogen Serratia marcescens PDL100, indicating that signals capable of affecting the associated microbiota are produced in situ. However, neither the origin nor structures of these signals are currently known. A functional survey of bacteria recovered from coral mucus and from cultures of the dinoflagellate Symbiodinium spp. revealed that they could alter swarming and biofilm formation in S. marcescens. As swarming and biofilm formation are inversely regulated, the ability of some native α-proteobacteria to affect both behaviors suggests that the α-proteobacterial signal(s) target a global regulatory switch controlling the behaviors in the pathogen. Isolates of Marinobacter sp. inhibited both biofilm formation and swarming in S. marcescens PDL100, without affecting growth of the coral pathogen, indicative of the production of multiple inhibitors, likely targeting lower level regulatory genes or functions. A multi-species cocktail containing these strains inhibited progression of a disease caused by S. marcescens in a model polyp Aiptasia pallida. An α-proteobacterial isolate 44B9 had a similar effect. Even though ∼4% of native holobiont-associated bacteria produced compounds capable of triggering responses in well-characterized N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) biosensors, there was no strong correlation between the production of AHL-like signals and disruption of biofilms or swarming in S. marcescens.
Thermal dissipation media for high power electronic devices using a carbon nanotube-based composite
Authors: Bui Hung Thang , Nguyen Van Chuc , Pham Van Trinh , Ngo Thi Thanh Tam , Phan Ngoc Minh 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Challenges in the thermal dissipation of an electronic package arise from the continuous increase in power density of higher-power devices. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are known as the highest thermal conductivity material (2000 W
mK
−1). This excellent thermal property suggests an approach in applying the CNTs in thermal dispersion materials to solve the aforementioned problems. In this work, we present an effect of thermal dissipation of the CNTs in the high-brightness light emitting diode (HB-LED) and micro-processor. For the thermal dissipation of the HB-LED, a vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VA-CNT) film on a Cu substrate was applied. Meanwhile, for the thermal dissipation of a micro-processor, the composite of commercial thermal paste/CNTs was used instead of the VA-CNTs. The experimental and simulation results have confirmed the advantages of the VA-CNT film and thermal paste/CNT composite as excellent thermal dissipation media for HB-LEDs, μ-processors and other high power electronic devices.
Reliability of the Nursing Home Survey Process: A Simultaneous Survey Approach
Authors: Lee Robert H. , Gajewski Byron J. , Thompson Sarah 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Purpose: We designed this study to examine the reliability of the nursing home survey process in the state of Kansas using regular and simultaneous survey teams. In particular, the study examined how two survey teams exposed to the same information at the same time differed in their interpretations. Design and Methods: The protocol for simultaneous surveys consists of having one in-region and one out-of-region team survey a facility together. Results: The regular and simultaneous survey teams generally agreed about the number of deficiencies. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.87 for total deficiencies and 0.76 for deficiencies with scores of G or higher. But in a substantial number of instances the teams did not agree about the scope and severity of the deficiency or about what regulation the nursing home had breached. Implications: The survey process is reliable when assessing aggregate results, but it is only moderately reliable when examining individual citations. Stakeholders (i.e., consumers, policy makers, nursing home administrators) should be aware of the limitations of the survey process. It needs to be modified to reduce variability.
Long-Term Effects of a Stage-Based Intervention for Changing Exercise Intentions and Behavior in Older Adults
Authors: Greaney Mary L. , Riebe Deborah , Ewing Garber Carol , Rossi Joseph S. , Lees Faith D. , Burbank Patricia A. , Nigg Claudio R. , Ferrone Christine L. , Clark Phillip G. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Purpose:  We examined the efficacy of an intervention tailored to the individual's stage of change for exercise adoption on exercise stage of change, physical activity, and physical function in community-dwelling older adults. Design and Methods: We randomized participants to a print and telephone intervention or a contact comparison group. Through the use of longitudinal analyses we examined the intervention's effectiveness in promoting stage progression, altering decisional balance and the processes of change, increasing self-efficacy and physical activity, and improving physical function among older adults who completed the 24-month study (N = 966). We conducted similar analyses that excluded individuals who were in maintenance at baseline and 24 months. Results:  At the end of the study, there were no differences in stage progression, self-efficacy, decisional balance, the processes of change, physical activity, or physical function by intervention assignment. When the analyses excluded those participants (n = 358) who were in the maintenance stage for exercise throughout the intervention, we found that, compared with the comparison group, a greater proportion of individuals who received the exercise intervention progressed in stage by 24 months. Conversely, more individuals in the comparison group remained stable or regressed in stage compared with the intervention group. Implications: Results indicate that a tailored intervention is effective in increasing motivational readiness for exercise in individuals who were in stages of change other than maintenance.
Cell Wall Integrity Controls Root Elongation via a General 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid-Dependent, Ethylene-Independent Pathway
Authors: Tsang Dat L. , Edmond Clare , Harrington Jennifer L. , Nühse Thomas S. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractCell expansion in plants requires cell wall biosynthesis and rearrangement. During periods of rapid elongation, such as during the growth of etiolated hypocotyls and primary root tips, cells respond dramatically to perturbation of either of these processes. There is growing evidence that this response is initiated by a cell wall integrity-sensing mechanism and dedicated signaling pathway rather than being an inevitable consequence of lost structural integrity. However, the existence of such a pathway in root tissue and its function in a broader developmental context have remained largely unknown. Here, we show that various types of cell wall stress rapidly reduce primary root elongation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). This response depended on the biosynthesis of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC). In agreement with the established ethylene signaling pathway in roots, auxin signaling and superoxide production are required downstream of ACC to reduce elongation. However, this cell wall stress response unexpectedly does not depend on the perception of ethylene. We show that the short-term effect of ACC on roots is partially independent of its conversion to ethylene or ethylene signaling and that this ACC-dependent pathway is also responsible for the rapid reduction of root elongation in response to pathogen-associated molecular patterns. This acute response to internal and external stress thus represents a novel, noncanonical signaling function of ACC.
Arabidopsis thaliana cdd1 mutant uncouples the constitutive activation of salicylic acid signalling from growth defects
Authors: SWAIN SWADHIN , ROY SHWETA , SHAH JYOTI , VAN WEES SASKIA , PIETERSE CORNÉ M. , NANDI ASHIS K. 
Published: April 2011

SUMMARYArabidopsis genotypes with a hyperactive salicylic acid‐mediated signalling pathway exhibit enhanced disease resistance, which is often coupled with growth and developmental defects, such as dwarfing and spontaneous necrotic lesions on the leaves, resulting in reduced biomass yield. In this article, we report a novel recessive mutant of Arabidopsis, cdd1 (constitutive defence without defect in growth and development1), that exhibits enhanced disease resistance associated with constitutive salicylic acid signalling, but without any observable pleiotropic phenotype. Both NPR1 (NON‐EXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS‐RELATED GENES1)‐dependent and NPR1‐independent salicylic acid‐regulated defence pathways are hyperactivated in cdd1 mutant plants, conferring enhanced resistance against bacterial pathogens. However, a functional NPR1 allele is required for the cdd1‐conferred heightened resistance against the oomycete pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis. Salicylic acid accumulates at elevated levels in cdd1 and cdd1 npr1 mutant plants and is necessary for cdd1‐mediated PR1 expression and disease resistance phenotypes. In addition, we provide data which indicate that the cdd1 mutation negatively regulates the npr1 mutation‐induced hyperactivation of ethylene/jasmonic acid signalling.
Durable broad‐spectrum powdery mildew resistance in pea er1 plants is conferred by natural loss‐of‐function mutations in PsMLO1
Authors: HUMPHRY MATT , REINSTÄDLER ANJA , IVANOV SERGEY , BISSELING TON , PANSTRUGA RALPH 
Published: April 2011

SUMMARYLoss‐of‐function alleles of plant‐specific MLO (Mildew Resistance Locus O) genes confer broad‐spectrum powdery mildew resistance in monocot (barley) and dicot (Arabidopsis thaliana, tomato) plants. Recessively inherited powdery mildew resistance in pea (Pisum sativum) er1 plants is, in many aspects, reminiscent of mlo‐conditioned powdery mildew immunity, yet the underlying gene has remained elusive to date. We used a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based approach to amplify a candidate MLO cDNA from wild‐type (Er1) pea. Sequence analysis of the PsMLO1 candidate gene in two natural er1 accessions from Asia and two er1‐containing pea cultivars with a New World origin revealed, in each case, detrimental nucleotide polymorphisms in PsMLO1, suggesting that PsMLO1 is Er1. We corroborated this hypothesis by restoration of susceptibility on transient expression of PsMLO1 in the leaves of two resistant er1 accessions. Orthologous legume MLO genes from Medicago truncatula and Lotus japonicus likewise complemented the er1 phenotype. All tested er1 genotypes showed unaltered colonization with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus intraradices, and with nitrogen‐fixing rhizobial bacteria. Our data demonstrate that PsMLO1 is Er1 and that the loss of PsMLO1 function conditions durable broad‐spectrum powdery mildew resistance in pea.
Breakdown of teenage placements in Danish out‐of‐home care
Authors: Olsson Martin , Egelund Tine , Høst Anders 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTThis study deals with the problem of breakdown in out‐of‐home placements for Danish teenagers. How often are these placements prematurely terminated against the requests and intentions of the child welfare authorities? Which factors seem to increase and decrease placement breakdown? The sample consists of 225 youths and 367 placements during the years 2004–2008. Among the 225 youths, 44% experienced a breakdown, and 33% of the 367 placements ended with a breakdown. A large proportion of the placement breakdowns (20%) occurred before 4 months, and within the first year, 62% of the placement breakdowns had taken place. Replacements took place in 61% of all placement breakdowns. The analysis showed that type of placement and number of youth at the same placement had significant association to placement breakdown, but variables based on the social worker's clinical assessment showed no association to breakdown. However, while the logistic regression model was significant, it explained only 6% of the variance. Earlier studies have indicated that breakdown is a substantial problem of child welfare in several other western countries, Denmark is no exception. These corresponding breakdown rates point out that no child welfare system yet have found a method to reduce breakdown substantially.
Investigating the long‐term effects of a psychiatric rehabilitation programme for persons with serious mental illness in the community: a follow‐up study
Authors: Luk Andrew L 
Published: April 2011

Aims and objectives.  This is a follow‐up study to investigate the long‐term effects of a holistic care programme for the rehabilitation of persons with serious mental illness. Perception of help from the programme and factors relating to the outcomes of the programme will also be studied.Background.  This psychiatric rehabilitation programme in Hong Kong adopts a self‐help group (SHG) approach with holistic care emphasising on the physical, psychological, social and spiritual functioning of the programme participants.Design.  A quantitative approach using a set of self‐administered questionnaires was adopted.Method.  Data were compared with a quasi‐experimental study conducted in 2003 by Luk and Shek involving an experimental group and a control group.Results.  All the outcome measures of participants were similar to that of the experimental group found in last study. When compared with the control group, it was found that participants had more hope than the control subjects. Help perceived from the programme included support, encouragement, enhancement of self‐confidence, spiritual assistance and reflection of values. Having a job is found to be a key factor relating to the outcomes of the programme participants.Conclusions.  The programme is effective to provide some positive changes to its participants. Help is perceived by most participants and the programme is also useful to provide mutual support to participants in maintaining a job in the community, which is a paramount factor for rehabilitation.Relevance to clinical practice.  A partnership model in SHG seems to be successful in providing support for the rehabilitation of persons with serious mental illness. Spiritual element should be incorporated into psychiatric rehabilitation programme to instil hope and meaningfulness of life. Nurses should be better educated in providing holistic care to individual clients and to a group.
Dying well: factors that influence the provision of good end‐of‐life care for older people in acute and long‐stay care settings in Ireland
Authors: Casey Dympna , Murphy Kathy , Ni Leime Aine , Larkin Philip , Payne Sheila , Froggatt Katherine A , O’Shea Eamon 
Published: April 2011

Aim.  The aim of this study was to explore key stakeholders and direct care managers’ perspectives on the current provision of end‐of‐life care for older people in acute and long‐stay care settings in Ireland and to construct a model of these.Background.  Although the literature reveals a number of factors that impact on end‐of‐life care, no study has examined staff perceptions concerning the provision of good end‐of‐life care for older people in an Irish context.Design.  Grounded theory was used. Semi‐structured interviews were employed to collect data between 2007–2008.Method.  A purposive sample of 33 staff involved in the delivery of end‐of‐life care to older people working in six sites were selected.Results.  Factors that influence provision of end‐of‐life care in Ireland were identified. The core category was ‘dying well’. The potential to ‘die well’ was influenced by three factors, namely philosophy, culture and organisation of care, knowing the person and physical environment and resources.Conclusions.  People are living longer consequently acute and long‐stay care setting will increasingly become places where older people die. This study identified the factors that influence the provision of good end‐of‐life care for older people. Mobilising resources to ensure that these factors are considered is crucial to ensuring that regardless of where older people die in Ireland, they will receive the highest standard of care that nurses can provide.Relevance to practice.  Understanding the factors that influence the provision of end‐of‐life care in acute and long‐stay facilities in Ireland can help health professionals give more focused support and ensure that influencing factors are addressed so that older people at end‐of‐life receive quality end‐of‐life care.