bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptable Self‐Assembly of a PEG Dendrimer‐Coiled Coil Conjugate
Authors: Lee Young‐joo , Jung You‐jin , Lim Yong‐beom 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSelf‐assembly of designed molecules has enabled the construction of a variety of functional nanostructures. Specifically, adaptable self‐assembly has demonstrated several advantageous features for smart materials. Here, we demonstrate that an α‐helical coiled coil conjugated with a dendrimer can adapt to spatial restriction due to the strong steric repulsion between dendrimer chains. The adaptable transformation of a tetrameric coiled coil to a trimeric coiled coil can be confirmed using analytical ultracentrifugation upon conjugation of the dendrimer to the coiled coil‐forming building block. Interestingly, circular dichroism spectroscopy analysis of the dendrimer conjugate revealed an unconventional trend: the multimerization of the coiled coil is inversely dependent on concentration. This result implies that the spatial crowding between the bulky dendritic chains is significantly stronger than that between linear chains, thereby affecting the overall assembly process. We further illustrated the application potential by decorating the surface of gold nanorods (AuNRs) with the adaptable coiled coil. The dendrimer‐coiled coil peptide conjugate can be utilized to fabricate organic‐inorganic nanohybrids with enhanced colloidal and thermal stabilities. This study demonstrates that the coiled coil can engage in the adaptable mode of self‐assembly with the potential to form dynamic peptide‐based materials.
Social and occupational profile of mediators in Portugal: Evidence and challenges
Authors: Silva Ana Maria Costa e , Guiomar Patrícia , Neves Tiago 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMediators have gained visibility in the national and international context because of the relevance of their intervention in light of current social challenges. However, the professional profile of mediators is not consolidated, and its recognition has been slow and ambiguous. The diversity of the initial basic training of mediators and the diversity of training available in mediation are two contributing factors to this lack of recognition. The objectives of this article are to characterize the professional profile of Portuguese mediators, to understand their stance regarding the introduction of a bachelor's in mediation in Portuguese higher education, and contribute to the debate about the consolidation and formal recognition of these professionals. Inspired by theoretical and empirical reflections and studies that discuss the possibility of creating a bachelor's in mediation as a strategy to standardize and consolidate mediation and the professional profile of mediators, we present, in this article, a quantitative and qualitative descriptive analysis of the socio‐occupational situation of 175 mediators in Portugal. Most respondents agree that a bachelor's in mediation may contribute to the recognition of the area and the quality of the mediators' work. However, the advantages of multidisciplinary initial basic training and the lack of employability in the area of mediation are two factors that may call into question the relevance of creating this degree. Given the results, it is important to reflect on the nature and modalities of training in mediation, namely at the bachelor level, in order to contribute to the professional recognition of mediators.
Asprosin aggravates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via inflammation and lipid metabolic disturbance mediated by reactive oxygen species
Authors: Wang Chaowen , Zeng Wenjing , Wang Li , Xiong Xiaowei , Chen Sheng , Huang Qianqian , Zeng Guohua , Huang Qiren 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAsprosin (ASP) is a newly‐identified adipokine and plays important roles in energy metabolism homeostasis. However, there is no report on whether and how ASP is involved in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Therefore, in the study, we investigated the protective effects of ASP‐deficiency on the liver in the NAFLD model mice and the detrimental effects of ASP treatment on the human normal hepatocytes (LO2 cell line). More important, we explored the underlying mechanism from the perspective of lipid metabolism and inflammation. In the in vivo experiments, our data showed that the ASP‐deficiency significantly alleviated the high‐fat diet‐induced inflammation and NAFLD, inhibited the hepatic fat deposition and downregulated the expressions of fat acid synthase (FASN), peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1); moreover, the ASP‐deficiency attenuated the inflammatory state and inhibited the activation of the IKK/NF‐κBp65 inflammation pathway. In the in vitro experiments, our results revealed that ASP treatment caused and even exacerbated the injury of LO2 cells induced by FFA; In contrast, the ASP treatment upregulated the expressions of PPARγ, FOXO1, FASN, ACC and acyl‐CoA oxidase 1 (ACOX1) and elevated the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Accordingly, these results demonstrate that ASP causes NAFLD through disrupting lipid metabolism and promoting the inflammation mediated by ROS.
Impact of parenthood on eating pathology in young adults
Authors: Meier K. , Apon L. C. , Van Hoeken D. , Van Eeden A. E. , Hoek H. W. , Oldehinkel A. J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveFew studies investigated parenthood as a predictor of eating pathology in young adulthood. We studied the association between parenthood, in the first year after becoming a parent and beyond, and eating pathology. Furthermore, we examined whether moving in together with a partner affected this association.MethodThis study used data of four measurement waves from TRAILS (Tracking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey), a Dutch community cohort study (N = 2229) from preadolescence into young adulthood. The Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale (EDDS), a measure to assess eating pathology, was assessed at ages 22, 26, and 29. Risk for eating disorder was assessed at age 19. Pregnant participants were excluded.ResultsParenthood was not associated with an increase of eating pathology in the first year after becoming a parent and beyond. Instead, parents were more likely to report being free from eating pathology symptoms compared to childless individuals (OR 2.07, 95% CI: 1.11–3.84). Among those who reported experiencing at least one eating problem, parenthood was not associated with the number of eating problems. Moving in together with a partner did not alter the association between parenthood and eating problems and neither did this association differ between males and females.DiscussionParenthood in young adulthood was associated with a decreased risk of having eating pathology.Public Significance StatementIn this longitudinal study among young adults, parenthood was not associated with the development of eating pathology.
Experimental and theoretical research on the temperature evolution law of overcurrent fault wires
Authors: Huo Yan , Xu Xueyan , Li Yang , Li Ruonan , Yu Zhijin , Wang Weifeng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTo investigate the problems of overload and excessive thermal insulation associated with building electrical fires caused by wires, a theoretical model of wire heat transfer is established, and the pyrolysis and combustion phenomena of the insulation layer are analyzed. The results showed that the temperature evolution of the wire underwent three stages: constant temperature, insulation heating, and high‐temperature pyrolysis. The insulation layer experiences bulging, exhausting, carbonization, dripping, and burning in sequence, and insulation layer dripping requires at least 160 A of current. As the current increases, the temperature increase rate of the wire increases gradually, and the fusing time of the wire gradually decreases. Under the same current, 160°C is the turning point at which the temperature increases. The temperature increase rate of the copper wire is greater than that of the aluminum alloy wire, and the temperature increase rate of the bare wire is greater than that of the insulated wire. The fusing time of an aluminum alloy wire is less than that of a copper wire, and the fusing time of a bare wire is less than that of an insulated wire. The research results provide theoretical guidance for the prevention and investigation of building electrical fires.
Exploring neural tracking of acoustic and linguistic speech representations in individuals with post‐stroke aphasia
Authors: Kries Jill , De Clercq Pieter , Gillis Marlies , Vanthornhout Jonas , Lemmens Robin , Francart Tom , Vandermosten Maaike 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAphasia is a communication disorder that affects processing of language at different levels (e.g., acoustic, phonological, semantic). Recording brain activity via Electroencephalography while people listen to a continuous story allows to analyze brain responses to acoustic and linguistic properties of speech. When the neural activity aligns with these speech properties, it is referred to as neural tracking. Even though measuring neural tracking of speech may present an interesting approach to studying aphasia in an ecologically valid way, it has not yet been investigated in individuals with stroke‐induced aphasia. Here, we explored processing of acoustic and linguistic speech representations in individuals with aphasia in the chronic phase after stroke and age‐matched healthy controls. We found decreased neural tracking of acoustic speech representations (envelope and envelope onsets) in individuals with aphasia. In addition, word surprisal displayed decreased amplitudes in individuals with aphasia around 195 ms over frontal electrodes, although this effect was not corrected for multiple comparisons. These results show that there is potential to capture language processing impairments in individuals with aphasia by measuring neural tracking of continuous speech. However, more research is needed to validate these results. Nonetheless, this exploratory study shows that neural tracking of naturalistic, continuous speech presents a powerful approach to studying aphasia.
Information and vaccine hesitancy: The role of broadband Internet
Authors: Amaral‐Garcia Sofia , Nardotto Mattia , Propper Carol , Valletti Tommaso 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe examine the effect of Internet diffusion on the uptake of an important public health intervention: the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine. We study England between 2000 and 2011 when Internet diffusion spread rapidly and there was a high profile medical article (falsely) linking the MMR vaccine to autism. OLS estimates suggest Internet diffusion led to an increase in vaccination rates. This result is reversed after allowing for endogeneity of Internet access. The effect of Internet diffusion is sizable. A one standard deviation increase in Internet penetration led to around a 20% decrease in vaccination rates. Localities characterized by higher proportions of high skilled individuals and lower deprivation levels had a larger response to Internet diffusion. These findings are consistent with higher skilled and less‐deprived parents responding faster to false information that the vaccine could lead to autism.
Do time preferences predict diabetes outcomes? A combined survey and register‐based study
Authors: Madsen Kristoffer Panduro , Kjær Trine 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIdentifying determinants of heterogeneity in health outcomes continues to be a focus in the health economic literature. In this study, we analyze whether time preferences predict health outcomes in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) who use insulin pump therapy to manage their condition. We collect data on time preferences using a hypothetical matching task and estimate aggregate as well as individual‐level discounting parameters using the exponential, hyperbolic, and quasi‐hyperbolic discounting models. These parameters are then regressed against essential diabetes‐related health outcomes obtained from registries and medical records, including glycemic control, kidney function, BMI, and number of hospital contacts. Our analyses indicate that all three discounting models fit the data equally well. Except for hospital contacts, we find robust evidence that impatience, as reflected by higher discounting, predicts worse health outcomes. Additionally, present bias is associated with worse kidney function. Our findings suggest that time preferences can explain some of the heterogeneity in health among individuals with T1D and call for increased attention on the role of time preferences in the design of disease management programs for individuals with chronic conditions.
Value of Assessing 1‐Hydroxymidazolam in Drug‐Drug Interaction Studies with Midazolam as a Substrate of Cytochrome P450 3A
Authors: Magliocca Massimo , Berger Benjamin , Lemoine Vincent , Kaufmann Priska , Dingemanse Jasper 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this overview was to perform an exploratory analysis of in‐house drug‐drug interaction (DDI) studies conducted with investigational drugs and oral midazolam to assess the value of measuring 1‐OH‐midazolam (1‐OHM) in such studies. The perpetrator effect of the investigational drugs on cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) was assessed by analyzing both midazolam and 1‐OHM in plasma and evaluating their pharmacokinetic parameters. Given the almost exclusive metabolism of the parent drug by CYP3A to the main metabolite 1‐OHM, an increase in midazolam and a decrease in 1‐OHM exposure in the case of CYP3A inhibition caused by a perpetrator drug would be expected. The opposite would be anticipated in the case of CYP3A induction. For this analysis, the perpetrator potential of eight different investigational drugs was incorporated. Among the 10 studies included, the identified CYP3A inhibitors (n = 4) and inducers (n = 1) were classified based on the data generated with midazolam per se, with 1‐OHM levels not contributing to the interpretation of the data as they did not corroborate the findings of the parent compound. Therefore, it was concluded that continued analysis of 1‐OHM in plasma may be questionable as it does not add value to the interpretation of the results when performing CYP3A DDI studies with an investigational drug as a perpetrator.
Gender and work–life balance: Results of a national survey of pediatric hospitalists
Authors: Kim Juliann L. , Forster Catherine S. , Allan Jessica M. , Schondelmeyer Amanda , Ruch‐Ross Holly , Barone Lauren , Fromme H. Barrett 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn medicine, difficulty integrating work and home can lead to decreased job satisfaction, diminished well‐being, and increased turnover. Understanding the experience of pediatric hospitalists can provide insights into building a stable, long‐term workforce. We aim to examine gender differences in work–life balance and parental leave for physicians practicing Pediatric Hospital Medicine.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional survey study of 1096 pediatric hospitalists. Responses were collected via an online survey platform and summarized using descriptive statistics, including frequency distributions and measures of central tendency. A multivariable logistic regression was used to examine associated variables and work–life balance satisfaction. We analyzed free responses on parental leave to provide nuance to quantitative survey data.ResultsFive hundred and sixty‐five respondents (52% response rate) completed the survey with 71% women. 343 (62%) prioritize work–life balance in career decision‐making. Women report taking on more household responsibilities than their partners (41.4% vs. 8.4%; p < .001) including a larger percentage of caregiving and domestic tasks. Female gender and performing <50% caregiving were associated with decreased work–life balance satisfaction; performing <50% domestic tasks increased satisfaction. Median parental leaves were 4 weeks, with men taking significantly shorter leaves (3.5 vs. 6 weeks; p < .001) and more “paid back” time off.ConclusionWork–life balance is an important factor in career decisions for men and women. Women perceive carrying a larger load at home. Qualitative results suggest that parental leave may be inadequate in length and salary support for men and women. This study adds insights into work–life integration in PHM.
Cost‐Effectiveness and Budget Impact Analysis of the Implementation of Differentiated Service Delivery Models for HIV Treatment in Mozambique: a Modelling Study
Authors: Moiana Uetela Dorlim Antonio , Zimmermann Marita , Chicumbe Sérgio , Gudo Eduardo Samo , Barnabas Ruanne , Uetela Onei Andre , Dinis Aneth , Augusto Orvalho , Gaveta Sandra , Couto Aleny , Gaspar Irénio , Macul Hélder , Hughes James P. , Gimbel Sarah , Sherr Kenneth 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionIn 2018, the Mozambique Ministry of Health launched guidelines for implementing differentiated service delivery models (DSDMs) to optimize HIV service delivery, improve retention in care, and ultimately reduce HIV‐associated mortality. The models were fast‐track, 3‐month antiretrovirals dispensing, community antiretroviral therapy groups, adherence clubs, family approach and three one‐stop shop models: adolescent‐friendly health services, maternal and child health, and tuberculosis. We conducted a cost‐effectiveness analysis and budget impact analysis to compare these models to conventional services.MethodsWe constructed a decision tree model based on the percentage of enrolment in each model and the probability of the outcome (12‐month retention in treatment) for each year of the study period—three for the cost‐effectiveness analysis (2019–2021) and three for the budget impact analysis (2022–2024). Costs for these analyses were primarily estimated per client‐year from the health system perspective. A secondary cost‐effectiveness analysis was conducted from the societal perspective. Budget impact analysis costs included antiretrovirals, laboratory tests and service provision interactions. Cost‐effectiveness analysis additionally included start‐up, training and clients’ opportunity costs. Effectiveness was estimated using an uncontrolled interrupted time series analysis comparing the outcome before and after the implementation of the differentiated models. A one‐way sensitivity analysis was conducted to identify drivers of uncertainty.ResultsAfter implementation of the DSDMs, there was a mean increase of 14.9 percentage points (95% CI: 12.2, 17.8) in 12‐month retention, from 47.6% (95% CI, 44.9–50.2) to 62.5% (95% CI, 60.9–64.1). The mean cost difference comparing DSDMs and conventional care was US$ –6 million (173,391,277 vs. 179,461,668) and –32.5 million (394,705,618 vs. 433,232,289) from the health system and the societal perspective, respectively. Therefore, DSDMs dominated conventional care. Results were most sensitive to conventional care interaction costs in the one‐way sensitivity analysis. For a population of 1.5 million, the base‐case 3‐year financial costs associated with the DSDMs was US$550 million, compared with US$564 million for conventional care.ConclusionsDSDMs were less expensive and more effective in retaining clients 12 months after antiretroviral therapy initiation and were estimated to save approximately US$14 million for the health system from 2022 to 2024.
Determining the minimally clinically important difference for the pediatric liver transplant quality of life questionnaire
Authors: Kortbeek Simone , Johara Fatema T. , Kwan Karina , John Tomisin , Ng Vicky L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeThe Pediatric Liver Transplant Quality of Life (PeLTQL) questionnaire is a disease‐specific patient reported outcome measure for pediatric liver transplant (LT) recipients. To‐date, threshold values above which a change in PeLTQL score is considered meaningful to patients are unavailable. This study proposes the first values for the minimally clinically important difference (MCID) for the PeLTQL.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, anchor and distribution‐based methods were used to estimate the MCID for the PeLTQL. Questionnaires completed between March 2013, and July 2022 were included if data from two sequential visits were available. An internal anchor question was used for anchor‐based determination of the MCID. A final MCID estimate was ascertained from triangulation of all methods.ResultsPeLTQL data from 65 LT recipients (26 [40%] male, 17 [42%] biliary atresia, median age at LT 3.08 years [interquartile range 0.99–7.30]), and their caregivers were included for analysis. Median patient age at time of baseline PeLTQL completion was 13.84 (10.90–15.86) years. The MCID for self‐PeLTQL total scores ranged from 4.53 to 8.46, and from 4.47 to 8.85 for proxy responses. By triangulation, the MCID of the PeLTQL total score was 6.45 and 6.78 for self and proxy responses respectively.ConclusionA change in PeLTQL score of 6.5 or more points suggests a change in health status that is meaningful to the patient, providing the clinical team an opportunity to engage the patient's voice in reassessing current health status and management strategies.
Spurious signals identification in Brillouin light scattering spectrum
Authors: Pang Si‐Min , Lv Yan‐Pei , Zhang Jun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBrillouin light scattering (BLS) is the inelastic scattering of light from elementary excitations with periodic density modulation. The characteristics of non‐contact, high sensitivity, and high resolution in energy, wavevector, time, space, and phase make the BLS spectrometer widely used in investigating many intriguing physical phenomena, including the acoustic phonon confinement effects, Bose‐Einstein condensation (BEC), supercurrent, and soliton formation. Generally, the quick and correct assignment of the signals in the BLS spectra is a prerequisite for further investigations. Herein, we experimentally identify the high‐order spurious signals in the BLS spectra, which make the interpretation of the spectra difficult. The additional signals are demonstrated to originate from the laser and the temperature‐controlled laser filter used for laser filtering. Our results would contribute to the rapid assignment of the signals from the sample after excluding the spurious signals reported here. Moreover, the series of high‐order modes spaced by the free spectral range can serve as a weak broadband light source, which has great potential for investigating the optical responses of materials.
Patient‐reported outcome measures in surgical patients with upper gastrointestinal cancers: A qualitative interview study
Authors: Cass Samuel H. , Williams Loretta A. , Rajaram Ravi , Hirata Yuki , Rice David , Tzeng Ching‐Wei D. , Katz Matthew H. G. , Badgwell Brian D. , Wang Xin Shelley , Ikoma Naruhiko 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPatients with pancreatic and gastroesophageal (PGE) cancers experience high symptom burden, but patient experience throughout multimodality treatment remains unclear. We aimed to delineate the experience and symptom burden of patients throughout their perioperative course.MethodsQualitative interviews were performed with 17 surgical patients with PGE cancer. Interview transcripts were analyzed and symptoms were ranked by frequency. An expert panel assessed the relevance of these symptom inventory items.ResultsOf the 17 patients included, 35% (n = 6) underwent gastrectomy, 30% (n = 5) underwent esophagectomy, and 35% (n = 6) underwent pancreatectomy; 76% (n = 13) received neoadjuvant systemic chemotherapy and/or chemoradiation. Overall, 32 symptoms were reported, and 19 were reported by over 20% of patients. An expert panel rated nine symptoms to be relevant or very relevant to PGE surgical patients. These symptoms (difficulty swallowing, heartburn/reflux, diarrhea, constipation, flushing/sweating, stomach feeling full, malaise, dizziness, or feeling cold) were added to the core MD Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI) if they were commonly reported or reached a threshold relevancy score.ConclusionsIn this qualitative study, we developed a provisional symptom inventory for patients undergoing surgery for PGE cancer. This symptom inventory module of the MDASI for PGE surgical patients will be psychometrically tested for validity and reliability.