bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RNA–protein binding interface in the telomerase ribonucleoprotein
Authors: Bley Christopher J. , Qi Xiaodong , Rand Dustin P. , Borges Chad R. , Nelson Randall W. , Chen Julian J.-L. 
Published: November 2011

Telomerase is a specialized reverse transcriptase containing an intrinsic telomerase RNA (TR) which provides the template for telomeric DNA synthesis. Distinct from conventional reverse transcriptases, telomerase has evolved a unique TR-binding domain (TRBD) in the catalytic telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) protein, integral for ribonucleoprotein assembly. Two structural elements in the vertebrate TR, the pseudoknot and CR4/5, bind TERT independently and are essential for telomerase enzymatic activity. However, the details of the TR–TERT interaction have remained elusive. In this study, we employed a photoaffinity cross-linking approach to map the CR4/5-TRBD RNA–protein binding interface by identifying RNA and protein residues in close proximity. Photoreactive 5-iodouridines were incorporated into the medaka CR4/5 RNA fragment and UV cross-linked to the medaka TRBD protein fragment. The cross-linking RNA residues were identified by alkaline partial hydrolysis and cross-linked protein residues were identified by mass spectrometry. Three CR4/5 RNA residues (U182, U187, and U205) were found cross-linking to TRBD amino acids Tyr503, Phe355, and Trp477, respectively. This CR4/5 binding pocket is distinct and separate from the previously proposed T pocket in the
Tetrahymena
TRBD. Based on homologous structural models, our cross-linking data position the essential loop L6.1 adjacent to the TERT C-terminal extension domain. We thus propose that stem-loop 6.1 facilitates proper TERT folding by interacting with both TRBD and C-terminal extension. Revealing the telomerase CR4/5-TRBD binding interface with single-residue resolution provides important insights into telomerase ribonucleoprotein architecture and the function of the essential CR4/5 domain.
Evolution ofCryptocephalusleaf beetles related toC. sericeus(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and the role of hybridization in generating species mtDNA paraphyly
Authors: Gómez‐Zurita Jesús , Sassi Davide , Cardoso Anabela , Balke Michael 
Published: November 2011

Gómez‐Zurita, J., Sassi, D., Cardoso, A. & Balke, M. (2011). Evolution ofCryptocephalusleaf beetles related toC. sericeus(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and the role of hybridization in generating species mtDNA paraphyly. —Zoologica Scripta,41, 47–67.Autochthonous European insect diversity is the result of the very complex geological, geographic and climatic history of the Mediterranean area. The leaf beetle genusCryptocephalushas over 250 species in this area. Among them stands out a group nearly endemic from this region consisting of conspicuous metallic green or blue beetles which can be found visiting yellow Asteraceae flowers in most mid‐ to high‐altitude European grasslands: the Linnaean speciesC. hypochaeridis,C. sericeus, and all their relatives. In all, these are 32 species forming several taxonomically complex groups across Europe. We sampled all morphological diversity in this lineage and characterized it for two mitochondrial DNA genes. The mtDNA phylogeny of this assemblage was inferred, as well as the timing of its diversification using standard mtDNA substitution rates and a hypothetical Messinian vicariant split. The origin of the group can be traced back to western continental Eurasia in the Lower Miocene. Its subsequent taxonomic splits can be linked to specific periods in the formation of Europe, with a marked trend to east–west phylogenetic divides throughout time and space, and a nearly constant rate of diversification. Only during the Pleistocene, a significant increase in diversification rate can be associated with species formation in theC. hypochaeridisandC. sericeusspecies complexes. Within these latter groups, most taxa show some degree of mtDNA paraphyly as a result of their recent separation and remarkably by episodes of gene flow in areas of secondary contact among recently diverged species, possibly driven by climatic change.
Nocturnal Hemodialysis: Analysis Following the Frequent Hemodialysis Network Trial
Authors: Stokes John B. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe recently concluded Frequent Hemodialysis Network (FHN) trials have demonstrated some striking and unexpected results. Both the daily arm and the nocturnal arm of the trial clearly demonstrated that frequent (daily or nightly) dialysis reduced blood pressure, reduced the number of antihypertensive medications, and reduced serum phosphorous concentration. One of the major questions addressed by these studies was the extent to which left ventricular mass was reduced by frequent dialysis. While the daily FHN trial showed a clear effect of frequent dialysis to reduce left ventricular mass, the nocturnal FHN trial produced inconclusive results. These apparently contradictory results are probably influenced by inadequate power and the somewhat skewed patient selection in the nocturnal arm. Patients in the nocturnal FHN trial had a shorter time on dialysis prior to enrollment, and greater residual renal function than did patients in the daily FHN trial. From a general perspective, it appears that there is minimal difference in the effect on left ventricular mass between frequent daily dialysis and nocturnal dialysis. The FHN trial was not designed to determine the effects of frequent dialysis on mortality. The analyses of this question using retrospective data strongly suggest that frequent dialysis prolongs life. The nephrology community now has the task to develop new ways to deliver improved therapy to patients on dialysis. This task will be challenging as resources for health care are constrained. New approaches to the care of such patients will be needed to realize the important conceptual advances embedded in the results of the FHN trials.
Primary cutaneous mantle cell lymphoma with blastic features: report of a rare case with special reference to staging and effectiveness of chemotherapy
Authors: Lynch Douglas W. , Verma Rashmi , Larson Eric , Geis Michael C. , Jassim Ali D. 
Published: November 2011

We describe a case of blastic primary cutaneous mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) in an 83‐year‐old male with a complex medical history. The patient presented to his primary care physician with a nodular erythematous skin eruption on his thighs. Histopathologic examination showed a diffuse lymphoid infiltrate of intermediate to large cells that involved the dermis and subcutis but spared the epidermis. Immunohistochemical staining showed expression of CD20, CD5 and cyclin‐D1. The lymphoma cells were negative for CD10 and CD23. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis revealed a characteristic translocation [t(11;14)(q13;q32)], which is diagnostic of MCL. Cutaneous involvement by MCL is typically secondary because of widespread disease, and primary cutaneous MCL can only be diagnosed in the absence of extracutaneous involvement. Primary cutaneous MCL is extremely rare and requires proper clinical staging. In this case, clinical staging revealed no evidence of bone marrow or peripheral blood involvement, and positron emission tomography (PET) scan revealed weak, abnormal uptake only in a few cervical lymph nodes. Because of the lack of disseminated involvement, we favor the lesion to be a primary cutaneous MCL.Lynch DW, Verma R, Larson E, Geis MC, Jassim AD. Primary cutaneous mantle cell lymphoma with blastic features: report of a rare case with special reference to staging and effectiveness of chemotherapy.
A rare case of Lennert’s type peripheral T‐cell lymphoma with t(14;19)(q11.2;q13.3)
Authors: SHIN S. Y. , JANG S. , PARK C.‐J. , CHI H.‐S. , LEE K. H. , HUH J. , SEO E.‐J. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryAlthough most patients with peripheral T‐cell lymphoma (PTCL) show clonal rearrangement of T‐cell receptor genes, few PTCLs show recurrent chromosomal abnormalities. We describe here a rare chromosomal rearrangement, t(14;19)(q11.2;q13.3), in a Lennert’s lymphoma, a variant of PTCL, not otherwise specified. Sequential fluorescence in situ hybridization assays showed that the breakpoint in 19q13.3 was located distal to the BCL3 and PVRL2 genes, both of which may be candidate proto‐oncogenes. These findings suggest that another gene is involved in the pathogenic characteristics observed in this patient with Lennert’s lymphoma.
Missiology and the IRM over a Century
Authors: Skreslet Stanley H. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractSince its founding a century ago, the IRM has sought to advance learning about mission strategy, methods of evangelization and mission theology. How the journal has affected the development of the field of missiology is the particular focus here, through a survey of exceptional articles. Three phases are identified: a first period when the journal closely reflected the outlook of the World Missionary Conference (Edinburgh 1910), but also began to innovate; a middle period of transitions; and the more recent period when issues of interfaith dialogue, religious pluralism, contextualization, and ecumenical relations have been prominent in the journal.
Mission's Changing Landscape: Global Flows and Christian Movements
Authors: Kim Kirsteen 
Published: November 2011

AbstractSince Christianity is a world religion, changes in worldwide Christianity both reflect and affect global affairs and transnational issues. From its inception the IRM has demonstrated this in its holistic approach and global scope. In its pages are developments in the global landscape over the last one hundred years, although with significant shifts in the contributors. These developments include the breakdown of imperial Christendom and the rise of the present world order, how the people of the world are described and relate to one another, and the configuration of religions. Three trends in world Christianity impinge on contemporary mission: the rise of independent Christian movements and the migration of Christians result in an ever‐increasing plurality of Christian expression. In view of this, this article argues that mission should be contextual, mission theology expressed in pneumatological terms, and the church understood as a dynamic movement.
Missions or Mission? The IRM after 75 Years
Authors: Walls Andrew F. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn 1987, the 75th anniversary issue of IRM reviewed a large number of articles that had been published in the journal over the years. The overall development was a shift from “missions,” as the work of missionaries from the West to the rest of the world, to a focus on “mission,” as that to which all Christians throughout the world are called. The author here raises up emphases from other articles that also could have been included in the 1987 review, because of their implications for future developments. He also points to important trends that have become far more evident since then, such as the growth of churches in the global South and diaspora Christians from these countries who now reside in the North. These may frame the ecumenical challenge for this century.
A Personal Tribute to the International Review of Mission
Authors: Langerak Ana 
Published: November 2011

AbstractOn the basis of my own familiarity with the IRM as one of its former editors, I celebrate the journal's importance to me personally and to mission studies in the ecumenical family by selecting a few significant contributions for comment: “The Kingdom of God as Strategy for Mission” by Raymond Fung; “The Liturgy after the Liturgy,” by Professor Ion Bria; “Gospel, Cultures and Filipina Migrant Workers,” by Jane Corpuz‐Brock; “Section III: The Earth is the Lord's”, from San Antonio; and “Towards a New Christian Sexual Ethics in the Light of HIV/AIDS”, by Armin Zimmermann.
Not without Women: Mission in the Third Millennium
Authors: Longkumer Atola 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis article pleads for greater attention to the fuller and more equal inclusion of women in the mission of the church and cites examples of where the IRM has helped and where it has fallen short in meeting this challenge. Bold statements of Mercy Amba Oduyoye and Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza serve as a preface to this article:Several women‐in‐mission are confronted with structures ecclesial and societal that scream for transformation if not outright demolition.Christian identity that is shaped by the Bible must in ever new readings be deconstructed and reconstructed in terms of a global praxis for the liberation of all wo/men.
Evolution of IncA/C
bla
CMY-2
-Carrying Plasmids by Acquisition of the
bla
NDM-1
Carbapenemase Gene
Authors: Carattoli Alessandra , Villa Laura , Poirel Laurent , Bonnin Rémy A. , Nordmann Patrice 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

The
bla
NDM-1
gene has been reported to be often located on broad-host-range plasmids of the IncA/C type in clinical but also environmental bacteria recovered from the New Delhi, India, area. IncA/C-type plasmids are the main vehicles for the spread of the cephalosporinase gene
bla
CMY-2
, frequently identified in the United States, Canada, and Europe. In this study, we completed the sequence of IncA/C plasmid pNDM-KN carrying the
bla
NDM-1
gene, recovered from a
Klebsiella pneumoniae
isolate from Kenya. This sequence was compared with those of three IncA/C-type reference plasmids from
Escherichia coli
,
Yersinia ruckeri
, and
Photobacterium damselae
. Comparative analysis showed that the
bla
NDM-1
gene was located on a widely diffused plasmid scaffold known to be responsible for the spread of
bla
CMY-2
-like genes and consequently for resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporins. Considering that IncA/C plasmids possess a broad host range, this scaffold might support a large-scale diffusion of the
bla
NDM-1
gene among Gram-negative rods.
Simultaneous Delivery of Tenofovir and Acyclovir via an Intravaginal Ring
Authors: Moss John A. , Malone Amanda M. , Smith Thomas J. , Kennedy Sean , Kopin Etana , Nguyen Cali , Gilman Josh , Butkyavichene Irina , Vincent Kathleen L. , Motamedi Massoud , Friend David R. , Clark Meredith R. , Baum Marc M. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

Vaginal microbicides may play an important role in protecting women from HIV infection. A strong synergy between HSV and HIV has been observed, and epidemiological studies demonstrate that HSV infection increases the risk of HIV acquisition. Incorporation of the antiretroviral tenofovir (TFV) along with the antiherpetic acyclovir (ACV) into combination intravaginal rings (IVRs) for sustained mucosal delivery of both compounds could lead to increased microbicide product adherence and efficacy compared with conventional vaginal formulations. A novel, dual-protection “pod IVR” platform developed in-house and delivering ACV and TFV was evaluated in rabbit and sheep models. The devices were safe and exhibited sustained release of both drugs independently and at controlled rates over the 28-day studies. Daily release rates were estimated based on residual drug content of the used devices: rabbits, 343 ± 335 μg day
−1
(ACV) and 321 ± 207 μg day
−1
(TFV); sheep, 174 ± 14 μg day
−1
(ACV) and 185 ± 34 μg day
−1
(TFV). Mean drug levels in sheep vaginal samples were as follows: secretions, 5.25 ± 7.31 μg ml
−1
(ACV) and 20.6 ± 16.2 μg ml
−1
(TFV); cervicovaginal lavage fluid, 118 ± 113 ng ml
−1
(ACV) and 191 ± 125 ng ml
−1
(TFV); tissue, 173 ng g
−1
(ACV) and 93 ng g
−1
(TFV). An
in vitro-in vivo
correlation was established for both drugs and will allow the development of future formulations delivering target levels for prophylaxis and therapy. These data suggest that the IVR based on the pod design has potential in the prevention of transmission of HIV-1 and other sexually transmitted pathogens.
Efficient Spilling Reduction for Software Pipelined Loops in Presence of Multiple Register Types in Embedded VLIW Processors
Authors: Touati Sid-Ahmed-Ali , Brault Frederic , Deschinkel Karine , Dupont de Dinechin Benoît 
Published: November 2011

Integrating register allocation and software pipelining of loops is an active research area. We focus on techniques that precondition the dependence graph before software pipelining in order to ensure that no register spill instructions are inserted by the register allocator in the software pipelined loop. If spilling is not necessary for the input code, preconditioning techniques insert dependence arcs so that the maximum register pressure MAXLIVE achieved by any loop schedule is below the number of available registers, without hurting the initiation interval if possible. When a solution exists, a spill-free software pipeline is guaranteed to exist.
Existing preconditioning techniques consider one register type (register class) at a time [Deschinkel and Touati 2008]. In this article, we extend preconditioning techniques so that multiple register types are considered simultaneously. First, we generalize the existing theory of register pressure minimization for cyclic scheduling. Second, we implement our method inside the production compiler of the ST2xx VLIW family, and we demonstrate its efficiency on industry benchmarks (FFMPEG, MEDIABENCH, SPEC2000, SPEC2006). We demonstrate a high spill reduction rate without a significant initiation interval loss.
Closely related Campylobacter jejuni strains from different sources reveal a generalist rather than a specialist lifestyle
Authors: Gripp Eugenia , Hlahla Daniela , Didelot Xavier , Kops Friederike , Maurischat Sven , Tedin Karsten , Alter Thomas , Ellerbroek Lüppo , Schreiber Kerstin , Schomburg Dietmar , Janssen Traute , Bartholomäus Patrick , Hofreuter Dirk , Woltemate Sabrina , Uhr Markus , Brenneke Birgit , Grüning Petra , Gerlach Gerald , Wieler Lothar , Suerbaum Sebastian , Josenhans Christine 
Published: November 2011

Abstract

Background

Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are human intestinal pathogens of global importance. Zoonotic transmission from livestock animals or animal-derived food is the likely cause for most of these infections. However, little is known about their general and host-specific mechanisms of colonization, or virulence and pathogenicity factors. In certain hosts, Campylobacter species colonize persistently and do not cause disease, while they cause acute intestinal disease in humans.

Results
Here, we investigate putative host-specificity using phenotypic characterization and genome-wide analysis of genetically closely related C. jejuni strains from different sources. A collection of 473 fresh Campylobacter isolates from Germany was assembled between 2006 and 2010 and characterized using MLST. A subset of closely related C. jejuni strains of the highly prevalent sequence type ST-21 was selected from different hosts and isolation sources. PCR typing of strain-variable genes provided evidence that some genes differed between these strains. Furthermore, phenotypic variation of these strains was tested using the following criteria: metabolic variation, protein expression patterns, and eukaryotic cell interaction. The results demonstrated remarkable phenotypic diversity within the ST-21 group, which however did not correlate with isolation source. Whole genome sequencing was performed for five ST-21 strains from chicken, human, bovine, and food sources, in order to gain insight into ST-21 genome diversity. The comparisons showed extensive genomic diversity, primarily due to recombination and gain of phage-related genes. By contrast, no genomic features associated with isolation source or host were identified.

Conclusions
The genome information and phenotypic data obtained in vitro and in a chicken infection model provided little evidence of fixed adaptation to a specific host. Instead, the dominant C. jejuni ST-21 appeared to be characterized by phenotypic flexibility and high genetic microdiversity, revealing properties of a generalist. High genetic flexibility might allow generalist variants of C. jejuni to reversibly express diverse fitness factors in changing environments.
Auto-aggressive metallic mercury injection around the knee joint: a case report
Authors: Friesenbichler Joerg , Maurer-Ertl Werner , Sadoghi Patrick , Wolf Elisabeth , Leithner Andreas 
Published: November 2011

Abstract

Background
Accidental or intentional subcutaneous and/or intramuscular injection of metallic mercury is an uncommon form of poisoning. Although it does not carry the same risk as mercury vapour inhalation, it may cause destructive early and late reactions.

Case Presentation
Herein we present the case of a 29-year-old male patient who developed an obsessive-compulsive disorder causing auto-aggressive behaviour with injection of elemental mercury and several other foreign bodies into the soft tissues around the left knee about 15 years before initial presentation. For clinical examination X-rays and a CT-scan of the affected area were performed. Furthermore, blood was taken to determine the mercury concentration in the blood, which showed a concentration 17-fold higher than recommended. As a consequence, the mercury depots and several foreign bodies were resected marginally.

Conclusion
Blood levels of mercury will decrease rapidly following surgery, especially in combination with chelating therapy. In case of subcutaneous and intramuscular injection of metallic mercury we recommend marginal or wide excision of all contaminated tissue to prevent migration of mercury and chronic inflammation. Nevertheless, prolonged clinical and biochemical monitoring should be performed for several years to screen for chronic intoxication.
The chemopreventive effect of Ginkgo biloba and Silybum marianum extracts on hepatocarcinogenesis in rats
Authors: El Mesallamy Hala O , Metwally Nadia S , Soliman Mahmoud S , Ahmed Kawkab A , Abdel Moaty Mai M 
Published: November 2011

Abstract

Background/objective
This study was designed to evaluate the potential chemopreventive activities of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb) and Silybum marianum extract (silymarin) against hepatocarcinogenesis induced by N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) in rats.

Methods
Rats were divided into 6 groups. Group 1 served as normal control rats. Group 2 animals were intragastrically administrated NDEA at a dose of 10 mg/kg five times a week for 12 weeks to induce hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Groups 3 and 4 animals were pretreated with silymarin and EGb respectively. Groups 5 and 6 animals were posttreated with silymarin and EGb respectively. The investigated parameters in serum are alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The investigated parameters in liver tissue are malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and comet assay parameters.

Results
In NDEA group, MDA level was elevated with subsequent decrease in GSH level and SOD, GPx and GR activities. In addition, NDEA group revealed a significant increase in serum ALT, AST and GGT activities and VEGF level. Furthermore, NDEA administrated animals showed a marked increase in comet assay parameters. These biochemical alterations induced by NDEA were confirmed by the histopathological examination of rat livers intoxicated with NDEA that showed an obvious cellular damage and well differentiated HCC.
In contrast, silymarin+NDEA treated groups (3&5) and EGb+NDEA treated groups (4&6) showed a significant decrease in MDA level and a significant increase in GSH content and SOD, GPx and GR activities compared to NDEA group. Silymarin and EGb also beneficially down-regulated the increase in serum ALT, AST, GGT activities and VEGF level induced by NDEA. In addition, silymarin and EGb significantly decreased comet assay parameters. Histopathological examination of rat livers treated with either silymarin or EGb exhibited an improvement in the liver architecture compared to NDEA group.

Conclusions
The obtained findings suggested that silymarin and EGb may have beneficial chemopreventive roles against hepatocarcinogenesis through their antioxidant, antiangiogenic and antigenotoxic activities.