bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stoichiometric modulation and scintillation property characterization of Ce,Ca:LuAG ceramics
Authors: Zhu Danyang , Cai Jinling , Beitlerova Alena , Kucerkova Romana , Hu Chen , Zhou Zhenzhen , Chewpraditkul Weerapong , Nikl Martin , Li Jiang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDue to the huge difference in the solubility‐product constants (Ksp) between the precipitates of Lu and Al, the synthesis of lutetium aluminum garnet (Lu3Al5O12, LuAG) nanopowders by coprecipitation method is prone to Lu loss, resulting in the creation of Al2O3 secondary phase. In this work, coprecipitated (Ce0.001Ca0.0015Lu(0.9975+x%))3Al5O12 (x = 0, 0.9, 1.2, 1.5) nanopowders with different starting stoichiometries are synthesized and combined with vacuum pre‐sintering and hot‐isostatic pressing to fabricate scintillating ceramics. The effect of compensated Lu content on the phase composition, microstructure, optical properties, and scintillation performance of ceramics is analyzed. The complete elimination of the secondary phase requires an additional compensation of 1.2% of Lu, which gives the best transmittance in ceramics. When x = 1.5, excessive Lu forms LuAl antisite defect, leading to the decrease of both light yield and intensity of the fast scintillation component.
Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor therapy reduces the administration frequency of steroid injection in patients with diabetic macular edema: A cohort study using the Japanese health insurance claims database
Authors: Ishibashi Ryoichi , Koshizaka Masaya , Takatsuna Yoko , Tatsumi Tomoaki , Maezawa Yoshiro , Shiko Yuki , Inaba Yosuke , Kawasaki Yohei , Kashiwagi Yusuke , Kawakami Eiryo , Yamamoto Shuichi , Yokote Koutaro 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAims/IntroductionSevere diabetic macular edema (DME) is often resistant to anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy. Steroids are particularly effective at reducing edema by suppressing inflammation; they are also used as an alternative to expensive anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy in some patients. Therefore, the use of steroids in DME reflects an unmet need for anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy. Notably, triamcinolone acetonide (TA) injections are widely used in Japan. Here, we evaluated the frequency of TA as an indicator of the efficacy of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) in DME treatment using a health insurance claims database.Materials and MethodsIn this cohort study, we retrospectively analyzed the health insurance claims data of 11 million Japanese individuals from 2005 to 2019. The frequency and duration of TA injection after the initiation of SGLT2is or other antidiabetic drugs were analyzed.ResultsAmong the 2,412 matched patients with DME, the incidence rate of TA injection was 63.8 times per 1,000 person‐years in SGLT2i users and 94.9 times per 1,000 person‐years in non‐users. SGLT2is reduced the risk for the first (P = 0.0024, hazard ratio 0.66, 95% confidence interval 0.50–0.87), second (P = 0.0019, hazard ratio 0.53, 95% confidence interval 0.35–0.80) and third TA (P = 0.0053, hazard ratio 0.44, 95% confidence interval 0.25–0.80) injections. A subanalysis of each baseline characteristic of the patients showed that SGLT2is were effective regardless of the background factors.ConclusionsThe use of SGLT2is reduced the frequency of TA injection in patients with DME. Therefore, SGLT2i therapy might be a novel, noninvasive and low‐cost adjunctive therapy for DME.
Autogenic training for chronic health conditions: A service evaluation
Authors: Shaker Nada Abdel Llah Abdullah , Majumdar Anne , Straiton Nicholas , Bird Jane , Ashby Stephen , Sharma Raj , Waller Sherquita , Hughes John Gareth 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundAutogenic training (AT) is a structured meditative‐style practice, consisting of a sequence of simple mental exercises intended to induce a relaxed state in patients. There is some emerging evidence to suggest that AT can be effective in treating certain chronic conditions, however, further evidence is required. A service evaluation of AT services at the Royal London Hospital for Integrated Medicine was conducted to evaluate the impact of AT on patients with chronic conditions.MethodsThe service evaluation consisted of the completion of validated quantitative outcome measures pre and posttreatment to explore the impact of AT. AT patients were asked to complete the Measure Yourself Medical Outcomes Profile (MYMOP) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) at their first hospital appointment (baseline) and then again 8 weeks later following completion of their AT sessions. Pre‐ and posttreatment scores for each outcome measure were analysed in SPSS using the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test.ResultsOne hundred ninety‐nine patients completed both initial and follow‐up MYMOP forms and were included in the evaluation. The most common presenting complaints for MYMOP symptom 1 were prolonged anxiety/stress and depression (n = 70, 35.2%), chronic pain and migraine headache (n = 44, 22.1%), chronic insomnia and sleep problems (n = 42, 21.1%) and, long‐term exhaustion and fatigue (n = 18, 9%). The change in median score pre‐ and posttreatment for all MYMOP categories (symptoms, activity and well‐being) were statistically highly significant p < 0.001. Anxiety, stress, depression, pain and insomnia were the symptoms that had the largest statistically significant difference between the median score pre‐ and posttreatment. Fifty‐five patients completed the PSS questionnaire at two time points (pre‐ and posttreatment). It showed a highly statistically significant change in PSS median score in patients experiencing stress (p < 0.001).DiscussionThe findings of the evaluation indicate that 8 weeks of AT appears to be effective in improving symptoms of concern to patients and enhancing patients' overall well‐being. In particular, AT was found to be beneficial for patients with symptoms of anxiety, stress, depression, pain and insomnia.
Clarifying the relationship between trait aggression and self‐control using random item slope regression
Authors: West Samuel J. , Thomson Nicholas D. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveMyriad psychological research evinces a negative association between self‐control and aggression with some arguing for self‐control failure as a cause of aggression. Recent literature suggests that the relationship between aggression and self‐control is likely more complex and even positive in some cases. One source of such conflict in the literature could be the presence of unaccounted for random item slopes in commonly used measures of self‐control which may inflate the likelihood of Type I errors. This study (N = 1386) tested the hypothesis that self‐control would share random item slopes with the facets of trait aggression using random item slope regression.MethodWe measured trait aggression and self‐control via two common self‐reports: the Buss–Perry Questionnaire and the Brief Self‐Control Scale.ResultsOur analyses revealed that the facets of trait aggression shared significant random item slopes with self‐control and that many of these slopes were positive, rather than negative. We also found that Type I error inflation was evident in models that did not account for these random slopes.ConclusionsThese findings may in part explain some of the conflicting results in the literature and that researchers interested in studying self‐control and aggression should test for random item slopes.
PNPLA3 variation and kidney disease
Authors: Mantovani Alessandro , Targher Giovanni 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAccumulating epidemiological evidence shows that the patatin‐like phospholipase domain‐containing protein‐3 (PNPLA3) rs738409 G allele, which is the most robust genetic variant associated with greater susceptibility to metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), is significantly associated with impaired kidney function in both adults and children, regardless of the presence of common renal risk factors, MASLD severity, and other potential confounders. Although some prospective studies have reported a significant association between the PNPLA3 rs738409 G allele and the increased risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD), the epidemiological evidence about a possible direct effect of the PNPLA3 rs738409 G allele on the risk of developing CKD is still limited. Experimentally, PNPLA3 is expressed in renal podocytes, pericytes, and proximal tubule cells, thus supporting the notion that the mutant PNPLA3 protein may play a role in developing renal steatosis and fibrosis. However, it cannot be ruled out that a part of the adverse effect of the PNPLA3 rs738409 G allele on kidney function may be driven by a direct impact of this genetic variant on the development and progression of MASLD. It is possible to hypothesize that identifying the PNPLA3 genotype might help identify individuals at higher risk of CKD and those at greater risk of advanced MASLD. In this narrative minireview, we summarize the current epidemiological data about the association between the PNPLA3 rs738409 G allele and the risk of CKD and abnormal albuminuria. We also briefly discuss the putative biological mechanisms underpinning this association and its potential and future clinical implications.
PagJAZ5 regulates cambium activity through coordinately modulating cytokinin concentration and signaling in poplar
Authors: Hu Meng‐Xuan , Guo Wei , Song Xue‐Qin , Liu Ying‐Li , Xue Yuan , Cao Yuan , Hu Jian‐Jun , Lu Meng‐Zhu , Zhao Shu‐Tang 
Published: June 2024

Summary

Wood is resulted from the radial growth paced by the division and differentiation of vascular cambium cells in woody plants, and phytohormones play important roles in cambium activity.

Here, we identified that PagJAZ5, a key negative regulator of jasmonate (JA) signaling, plays important roles in enhancing cambium cell division and differentiation by mediating cytokinin signaling in poplar 84K (Populus alba × Populus glandulosa).

PagJAZ5 is preferentially expressed in developing phloem and cambium, weakly in developing xylem cells. Overexpression (OE) of PagJAZ5m (insensitive to JA) increased cambium activity and xylem differentiation, while jaz mutants showed opposite results. Transcriptome analyses revealed that cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKXs) and type‐A response regulators (RRs) were downregulated in PagJAZ5m OE plants. The bioactive cytokinins were significantly increased in PagJAZ5m overexpressing plants and decreased in jaz5 mutants, compared with that in 84K plants. The PagJAZ5 directly interact with PagMYC2a/b and PagWOX4b. Further, we found that the PagRR5 is regulated by PagMYC2a and PagWOX4b and involved in the regulation of xylem development.

Our results showed that PagJAZ5 can increase cambium activity and promote xylem differentiation through modulating cytokinin level and type‐A RR during wood formation in poplar.
Births in Low‐ and Middle‐Income Countries during the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Kim Seoyoung , Chirinda Witness , Han Mansuk Daniel , Snow Rachel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on fertility in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) remains a subject of much speculation. This article reports monthly birth registration data from 18 United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) program countries, all predominantly LMICs, both before and after the onset of the COVID pandemic. Despite disruptions in family planning services in many of these countries during the early months of the pandemic, monthly birth data show no observable impact of COVID‐19 on births in four countries (Bahrain, Bangladesh, Cuba, Georgia), a short‐term decline then rebound in six countries (Brazil, Colombia, Kosovo, Serbia, Thailand, Ukraine), a relatively longer decline in six countries (Bolivia, Bhutan, Moldova, Mongolia, Oman, Qatar), and a brief increase before reverting to pre‐COVID levels in two countries (Sao Tome and Principe, Peru). This is not unlike the heterogeneous effects reported from high‐income countries. Nonetheless, the lack of birth registration data from the least developed countries, particularly those in Africa, reminds us of the urgent need to improve coverage and completeness of birth registration to monitor and understand future fertility dynamics.
High expression of eukaryotic elongation factor 1‐alpha‐2 in lung adenocarcinoma is associated with poor prognosis
Authors: Yamato Mariko , Dai Tomoko , Murata Yoshihiko , Nakagawa Tomoki , Kikuchi Shinji , Matsubara Daisuke , Noguchi Masayuki 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEukaryotic elongation factor 1 alpha 2 (eEF1A2) encodes an isoform of the alpha subunit of the elongation factor 1 complex and is responsible for the enzymatic delivery of aminoacyl tRNA to the ribosome. Our proteomic analysis has identified eEF1A2 as one of the proteins expressed during malignant progression from adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) to early invasive lung adenocarcinoma. The expression level of eEF1A2 in 175 lung adenocarcinomas was examined by immunohistochemical staining in relation to patient prognosis and clinicopathological factors. Quantitative PCR analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were performed to evaluate the amplification of the eEF1A2 gene. Relatively high expression of eEF1A2 was observed in invasive adenocarcinoma (39/144 cases) relative to minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (1/10 cases) or AIS (0/21 cases). Among invasive adenocarcinomas, solid‐type adenocarcinoma (15/32 cases, 47%) showed higher expression than other histological subtypes (23/92, 25%). Patients with eEF1A2‐positive tumors had a significantly poorer prognosis than those with eEF1A2‐negative tumors. Of the five tumors that were eEF1A2‐positive, two cases showed amplified genomic eEF1A2 DNA, which was confirmed by both qPCR and FISH. These findings indicate that eEF1A2 overexpression occurs in the course of malignant transformation of lung adenocarcinomas and is partly due to eEF1A2 gene amplification.
State infrastructural power in a neopatrimonialist democratization context: Why Tunisian sustainable land management fails
Authors: Thiel Andreas , Schütze Nora , Buhrow Annabelle , Fouzai Ayoub 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSustaining agricultural production in arid and semi‐arid regions is of paramount importance to food security, geo‐political independence, and social stability. In this context, it is vital to understand the effectiveness of policies. In this article, we aim to answer the question of what role the state and its policies play for soil protection in rainfed agriculture in Tunisia, and why. Beyond evaluating soil protection, this work contributes to explaining the role of the Tunisian state throughout the current phase of democratization for natural resource protection. That way it enhances our understanding of policy implementation in democratizing countries and contribute to theorizing of the policy process. We use qualitative methods and literature to understand the state infrastructural power of the Tunisian state in regard to soil protection. Land degradation in Tunisia remains a large problem. We explain the weak role of the state in effectively protecting soils as a result of subnational variation, and interrelated capabilities and weight of the state. Besides the overarching fiscal crisis that becomes worse over the years, neopatrimonial traits of the Tunisian state facilitate discrimination of rural areas, marginalization of parts of the farming population, and rainfed agriculture. Thereby, willingness and abilities of farmers and administrations to implement sustainable land management are undermined. Together with institutional uncertainty in administrations as a result of the current open‐ended democratization process, neopatrimonialist traits weaken administrative capacities.
Prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin times, thromboelastography, hematocrit, and platelet count in a feline hemorrhage/over‐resuscitation model using lactated Ringer's solution or 6% tetrastarch 130/0.4
Authors: Zeiler Gareth E. , Dzikiti Brighton T. , Rioja Eva , Kamerman Peter , Buck Roxanne K. , Pohlin Friederike , Fuller Andrea 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo describe and compare prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), thromboelastography (TEG), HCT, and platelet count measurements in a hemorrhage/over‐resuscitation model.DesignRandomized crossover study.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsSix cats.InterventionsAnesthetized cats underwent 3 treatments at 2‐month intervals. The treatments were as follows: NHR—no controlled hemorrhage and sham resuscitation; LRS—controlled hemorrhage and lactated Ringer's solution (LRS) for resuscitation; and Voluven—controlled hemorrhage and 6% tetrastarch 130/0.4 for resuscitation. The LRS and Voluven were administered at 60 and 20 mL/kg/h, respectively, for 120 minutes. Blood samples were drawn for PT, aPTT, TEG, HCT, and platelet count measurements at a healthy check (T − 7d), after controlled hemorrhage (T0), at 60 and 120 minutes of resuscitation (T60 and T120), and at 24 hours after completion of resuscitation (T24h). Data were analyzed using a general linear mixed model approach (significance was P < 0.05).Measurements and Main ResultsTotal median blood loss (controlled hemorrhage and blood sampling from T0 to T120) at T120 was 11.4, 31.0, and 30.8 mL/kg for NHR, LRS, and Voluven, respectively. PT and aPTT during LRS and Voluven were prolonged at T60 and T120 compared to NHR (P < 0.001). On TEG, the reaction time, kinetic time, and alpha‐angle were within reference intervals for cats at all time points in all treatments, while maximum amplitude was less than the reference interval (40 mm) at T0, T60, and T120 during Voluven and at T60 and T120 during LRS compared to NHR (both P < 0.001). The HCT and platelet count were significantly lower at T60 and T120 during LRS and Voluven compared to NHR (P < 0.001).ConclusionsHypocoagulopathy was observed during hemorrhage and liberal fluid resuscitation. Prolongation of PT and aPPT and decreased clot strength may have been caused by hemodilution and platelet loss.
Phylogeography and bioclimatic models revealed a complicated genetic structure and future range shifts of Lymantria monacha L.
Authors: Rindos Michal , Yakovlev Roman V. , McLachlan Hamilton Karen , Fric Zdenek Faltynek , Knyazev Svyatoslav A. , Zahiri Reza 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe phylogeography of economically important forest pests is important for understanding their demographic and evolutionary history. Linking the genetic data obtained with the bioclimatic models helps reveal future demographic trends of the pest species studied. Lymantria monacha is a polyphagous species that feeds on numerous coniferous and deciduous trees throughout the Palaearctic and is known to cause catastrophic defoliation, particularly in Europe. In addition, data from various mapping programmes over the last decade have revealed changes in the distribution of L. monacha. Therefore, in this study, we decided to clarify the evolutionary and demographic history of this important forest species using genetic data complemented by bioclimatic modelling. Our results confirmed the systematic status and monophyly of L. monacha. However, the lack of a geographical pattern between the studied regions suggests that the current genetic structure may be the result of recent dispersal events. Moreover, we found that the areas of high genetic diversity are consistent with potential past range shifts and survival of changes in climate and host plant availability. These two main variables also seem to determine the future range of L. monacha. Also, our modelling confirmed a poleward shift in its range and with a significant retraction from its current southern edge of distribution.
Boundary Layer Analysis of a Transonic High-Pressure Turbine Vane Using Ultra-Fast-Response Temperature-Sensitive Paint
Authors: Petersen Anna , Hilfer Michael 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The focus of this article is the impact of surface roughness on the boundary layer caused by a 7YSZ thermal barrier coating (TBC). Experimental investigations are conducted on a NGV installed inside the wind tunnel for Straight Cascades Göttingen (EGG). The shape of the vane has been altered in a way that eliminates the influence of TBC's thickness. Therefore, it is expected that only the surface roughness is influencing the location of the separation and boundary layer transition. The transition next to the roughness can also be affected by positive and negative pressure gradients, separation, and interacting shocks. The impact of TBC on the turbulent wedges' appearance, separation bubble's position and length, and transition location is examined in this study. This research, combined with prior investigations, provides a comprehensive understanding of a turbine vane's aerothermodynamics. To investigate unsteady flow phenomena on a TBC-coated NGV, ultra-fast-response temperature-sensitive paint (iTSP) is utilized. This dataset will serve as a reference point for developing new turbine vane designs that include TBC and extensive cooling. Furthermore, the findings will be employed as a benchmark for improving numerical models.
UAV-Based Railroad Line Detection
Authors: Lewandowski Keith , Vitzilaios Nikolaos 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The railroad industry is crucial for modern transportation, therefore the need for maintaining the integrity and safety of rail infrastructure is immense. Traditional rail inspection methods, involving manual teams or specialized vehicles, are labor-intensive and costly, causing logistical inconveniences, especially for rapid, large-scale inspection. This paper explores and expands the adaptation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and advanced computer vision for rail inspection. While existing literature highlights the benefits and capabilities of UAVs, challenges persist, and a fully integrated, online system has yet to be thoroughly implemented and tested. We seek to create a system that performs the task of track following strictly by visual sensor perception, eliminating any reliance on GPS and ensuring autonomy in environments with limited or degraded GPS availability, such as dense settings, tunnels, etc. The system will perform all processing onboard, providing immediate results without the need for external processing or infrastructure. Our proposed approach divides the problem into track detection, track interpretation, and track following. This work focuses on the first of these steps, track detection. We survey existing approaches, assess their strengths and limitations, and introduce a novel method addressing prior challenges, keeping in mind the goal of a fully integrated, autonomous system for rapid track assessment.