bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly accelerated first‐pass contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance angiography of the peripheral vasculature: Comparison of gadofosveset trisodium with gadopentetate dimeglumine contrast agents
Authors: Maki Jeffrey H. , Wang Maisie , Wilson Gregory J. , Shutske Matthew G. , Leiner Tim 
Published: October 2009

AbstractPurpose:To investigate the blood pool agent gadofosveset trisodium for first‐pass, dynamic peripheral contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (pMRA), and compare the results with a conventional gadolinium contrast agent.Materials and Methods:A total of 16 patients were imaged at 1.5T using a prototype peripheral vascular coil with high SENSE acceleration. Five received gadopentetate dimeglumine (≈0.25 mmol/kg), and 11 received gadofosveset trisodium (five standard‐dose 0.03 mmol/kg, six high‐dose 0.05 mmol/kg). Quantitative contrast‐enhancement and qualitative image quality evaluation was compared between agents and doses.Results:High‐quality diagnostic images were uniformly obtained. The contrast ratio did not significantly differ between gadopentetate dimeglumine and high‐dose gadofosveset trisodium, both of which were greater than standard‐dose gadofosveset trisodium. High‐dose gadofosveset trisodium was equivalent to gadopentetate dimeglumine in image quality and subjective vessel‐to‐background ratio, but significantly better for depicting small muscular arteries. Standard‐dose gadofosveset trisodium showed equivalent image quality and small artery depiction with a slight but significant decrease in vessel‐to‐background ratio as compared to gadopentatate dimeglumine. Both gadofosveset trisodium doses trended toward more venous enhancement, but this was not a diagnostic problem.Conclusion:First‐pass peripheral CE‐MRA using gadofosveset trisodium is feasible, yielding image quality comparable to double to triple‐dose gadopentetate dimeglumine. Increasing the gadofosveset trisodium dose to 0.05 mmol/kg yields further improvements. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;30:1085–1092. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MRI: A charmed past and an exciting future
Authors: Macovski Albert 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe invention and development of MRI took place under very desirable circumstances. Dr. Lauterbur, a distinguished NMR chemist, conceived of the basic idea. Once this concept was presented to the medical imaging community, a wonderful synergy developed between the two mature disciplines of NMR physical chemistry and medical imaging. This resulted in amazingly rapid progress and acceptance by the clinical community. This adventure is in sharp contrast to the history of x‐ray imaging. This began with the accidental discovery of x‐rays by Roentgen at the end of the 19th century. Unlike NMR, the basic x‐ray mechanism was not understood and was mistakenly thought to not be an electromagnetic wave. MRI is now at an advanced stage where investigators study advanced hardware and software improvements. These studies include improved signal‐to‐noise ratio, resolution, and speed, which generally involve higher B0. The high readout field results in numerous problems. These can be overcome by prepolarizing techniques using a high polarization field and a relatively low readout field. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;30:919–923. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development and application of magnetic resonance elastography of the normal and pathological thyroid gland in vivo
Authors: Bahn Mark M. , Brennan Michael D. , Bahn Rebecca S. , Dean Diana S. , Kugel Jennifer L. , Ehman Richard L. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractPurpose:To noninvasively assess the shear stiffness of the thyroid gland in vivo in order to determine whether magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) might hold clinical utility in the diagnosis of thyroid disease.Materials and Methods:Quantitative parametric images of thyroid stiffness in normal volunteers and patients were produced and quantitative stiffness values measured. Average gland stiffness was determined by region of interest analysis of the parametric images. This technique was used to assess stiffness of the thyroid in normal individuals (n = 12), patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT; n = 5), and patients with a solitary benign (n = 8) or malignant (n = 2) thyroid nodule.Results:Mean shear modulus of normal thyroid glands was 1.9 ± 0.6 kPa at 100 Hz and 1.3 ± 0.5 kPa at 80 Hz, while that of HT glands was 2.8 ± 0.6 kPa and 1.8 ± 0.6 kPa at 80 Hz, respectively (P = 0.004 at 100 Hz). Elastographic parameters could not differentiate benign from malignant thyroid nodules in these small sample sizes.Conclusion:We developed a method for the application of MRE to the study of thyroid gland pathology. The results show that the HT gland can be differentiated from normal thyroid. The clinical utility of this imaging modality in the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease awaits further study. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;30:1151–1154. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increased volume of coverage for abdominal contrast‐enhanced MR angiography with two‐dimensional autocalibrating parallel imaging: Initial experience at 3.0 Tesla
Authors: Lum Darren P. , Busse Reed F. , Francois Christopher J. , Brau Anja C. , Beatty Philip J. , Huff Joshua , Brittain Jean H. , Reeder Scott B. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractPurpose:To assess the feasibility and the quality of abdominal three‐dimensional (3D) contrast enhanced MR angiograms acquired at 3.0 Tesla (T) using a new 2D‐accelerated autocalibrating parallel reconstruction method for Cartesian sampling (2D‐ARC).Materials and Methods:With institutional review board approval and written informed consent, a prospective trial in 6 normal healthy volunteers and 23 patients referred for evaluation of suspected renovascular disease was performed. The volunteers underwent abdominal MRA with and without 2D‐ARC acceleration. Images were evaluated independently by two blinded vascular radiologists in randomized order. Vessel conspicuity was rated on a five‐point scale. Evaluation for significant differences between the scores for each technique was performed using a Wilcoxon signed‐rank test.Results:In the series of six volunteers, no statistical significance was found between the image quality scores for 2D‐ARC accelerated and nonaccelerated exams. A high proportion of the 23 clinical 2D‐ARC exams were graded as diagnostic (vessel conspicuity score ≥2; Reader 1, 96%; Reader 2, 100%) for overall image quality.Conclusion:Subjective image quality of 2D‐ARC accelerated MRA was equivalent to the conventional MRA method. However, the 2D‐ARC accelerated sequence provided a 3.5‐fold increase in imaging volume, complete abdominal coverage, and a 30% reduction in voxel volume, all within the same acquisition time. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;30:1093–1100. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of self‐repair mechanisms of Phaseolus vulgaris var. saxa using near‐infrared surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Busch Sebastian , Schmitt Katrin , Erhardt Christian , Speck Thomas 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe used surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to investigate ultrastructural changes in cell‐wall composition during the self‐repair of lacerated hypocotyls of Phaseolus vulgaris var. saxa. A detailed study of self‐repair mechanisms requires localized information about cell‐wall structure and morphology in addition to the chemical cell‐wall composition. Characteristic Raman and SER spectra yielded two‐dimensional maps of cross sections of P. vulgaris var. saxa visualizing chemical compositions in the walls of different cell types and during various repair phases. SERS substrate particles were produced by the reduction of gold chloride on the plant tissue surface and characterized with absorption spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The SERS results were compared with stained cross sections of the same plant using dark‐field microscopy with focus on lignin and suberin contents in repairing cells. In addition, SERS measurements revealed Au cyanide compounds on the cell surface, indicating the formation of hydrogen cyanide during the self‐repair phase. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemoradiation for patients with advanced oral cavity cancer
Authors: Stenson Kerstin M. , Kunnavakkam Rangesh , Cohen Ezra E. W. , Portugal Louis D. , Blair Elizabeth , Haraf Daniel J. , Salama Joseph , Vokes Everett E. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Patients with advanced oral cavity cancer (OCC) typically have not been enrolled in clinical trials utilizing contemporary multimodality strategies. There exist dogmatic expectations of inferior outcome in OCC patients secondary to ineffectiveness of treatment and unacceptable toxicity. The purpose of this study was to analyze survival, swallowing function, and incidence of osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of patients with stage III/IV OCC who have undergone primary concomitant chemoradiotherapy (CRT).Methods:All advanced OCC patients who were enrolled in University of Chicago concomitant CRT protocols from 1994 to 2008 were reviewed. One hundred eleven newly diagnosed advanced OCC patients were evaluated. We performed a subset analysis of 27 additional advanced OCC patients who underwent surgery followed by postoperative CRT. Swallowing function was assessed via oropharyngeal motility study, and a Swallowing Performance Status Scale score was assigned. Presence of clinically significant ORN was documented.Results:Median follow‐up was 3.25 years. Five‐year overall and progression‐free survival was 66.9% and 65.9%, respectively. There was no difference in overall or progression‐free survival when the surgery‐first group was compared with the primary CRT group (P = .88 and P = .86 respectively). Function, without gastric tube requirement, was excellent, with 92.2% of patients able to maintain weight via oral route. Incidence of ORN was 18.4%, occurring in nine of 49 patients evaluated.Conclusions:Our data support the use of primary CRT as a viable treatment option for patients with advanced OCC. Survival is high, and overall function for the majority of patients is satisfactory. Patients with T4 oral tongue cancer may be spared total glossectomy. The incidence of ORN may be considered acceptable, in light of the benefits of enduring life and function. Laryngoscope, 2010
Occurrence limit of stick‐slip: dimensionless analysis for fundamental design of robust‐stable systems
Authors: Nakano Ken , Maegawa Satoru 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn most practical mechanical systems, sliding surfaces are utilised under the assumption that they operate smoothly. Stick‐slip motion can therefore be a serious nuisance that interferes with achieving high performance in mechanical systems. The present paper describes the nature of stick‐slip based on an analysis of a 1‐DOF sliding system. The dimensionless parameters controlling the stick‐slip are clarified by deriving the dimensionless forms of the governing equations. For a friction model that considers the dependence of the kinetic friction coefficient on the relative velocity, we find three types of sliding systems with regard to stick‐slip: the unstable system, the stable system and the robust‐stable system. A criterion is proposed for the fundamental design of robust‐stable systems; if a sliding system is robust stable, no matter how large a disturbance is, the energy of the disturbance is dissipated perfectly, and steady sliding without any vibration is ensured. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparison of methods for the construction of confidence interval for relative risk in stratified matched‐pair designs
Authors: Tang Nian‐Sheng , Li Hui‐Qiong , Tang Man‐Lai 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA stratified matched‐pair study is often designed for adjusting a confounding effect or effect of different trails/centers/ groups in modern medical studies. The relative risk is one of the most frequently used indices in comparing efficiency of two treatments in clinical trials. In this paper, we propose seven confidence interval estimators for the common relative risk and three simultaneous confidence interval estimators for the relative risks in stratified matched‐pair designs. The performance of the proposed methods is evaluated with respect to their type I error rates, powers, coverage probabilities, and expected widths. Our empirical results show that the percentile bootstrap confidence interval and bootstrap‐resampling‐based Bonferroni simultaneous confidence interval behave satisfactorily for small to large sample sizes in the sense that (i) their empirical coverage probabilities can be well controlled around the pre‐specified nominal confidence level with reasonably shorter confidence widths; and (ii) the empirical type I error rates of their associated test statistics are generally closer to the pre‐specified nominal level with larger powers. They are hence recommended. Two real examples from clinical laboratory studies are used to illustrate the proposed methodologies. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bayesian methods of analysis for cluster randomized trials with count outcome data
Authors: Clark Allan B. , Bachmann Max O. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBayesian approaches to inference in cluster randomized trials have been investigated for normally distributed and binary outcome measures. However, relatively little attention has been paid to outcome measures which are counts of events. We discuss an extension of previously published Bayesian hierarchical models to count data, which usually can be assumed to be distributed according to a Poisson distribution. We develop two models, one based on the traditional rate ratio, and one based on the rate difference which may often be more intuitively interpreted for clinical trials, and is needed for economic evaluation of interventions. We examine the relationship between the intracluster correlation coefficient (ICC) and the between‐cluster variance for each of these two models. In practice, this allows one to use the previously published evidence on ICCs to derive an informative prior distribution which can then be used to increase the precision of the posterior distribution of the ICC. We demonstrate our models using a previously published trial assessing the effectiveness of an educational intervention and a prior distribution previously derived. We assess the robustness of the posterior distribution for effectiveness to departures from a normal distribution of the random effects. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Near‐miss function clones in open source software: an empirical study
Authors: Roy C. K. , Cordy J. R. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe new hybrid clone detection tool NICAD combines the strengths and overcomes the limitations of both text‐based and AST‐based clone detection techniques and exploits novel applications of a source transformation system to yield highly accurate identification of cloned code in software systems. In this paper, we present an in‐depth study of near‐miss function clones in open source software using NICAD. We examine more than 20 open source C, Java and C# systems, including the entire Linux Kernel, Apache httpd, J2SDK‐Swing and db4o and compare their use of cloned code in several different dimensions, including language, clone size, clone similarity, clone location and clone density both by proportion of cloned functions and lines of cloned code. We manually verify all detected clones and provide a complete catalogue of different clones in an online repository in a variety of formats. These validated results can be used as a cloning reference for these systems and as a benchmark for evaluating other clone detection tools. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation of a New Oligomeric Surfactant:N,N,N′,N″,N″‐Pentamethyl Diethyleneamine—N,N″‐Di‐[Tetradecylammonium Bromide] and the Study of its Thermodynamic Properties
Authors: Alehyen Saliha , Bensajjay Fatima , El Achouri Mohammed , Pérez Lourdes , Pinazo Aurora , Infante María Rosa 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA new oligomeric surfactant:N,N,N′,N″,N″‐ pentamethyl diethyleneamine—N,N″‐di‐[tetradecylammonium bromide] referred to as 14‐2‐N(CH3)‐2‐14 was synthesized, purified and characterized by Elemental Analysis,1H and13C NMR and Electrospray. The micellar properties of this compound were determined by electrical conductivity and surface tension methods. Optical microscopy was also employed to study the behavior of anhydrous surfactant and the binary water/surfactant system as a function of temperature. The critical micellar concentration (cmc), degree of counterion binding and thermodynamic parameters of micellization (standard molar Gibbs energy, enthalpy and entropy of micellization) were determined by electrical conductivity measurements in the temperature range [24–54 °C]. Surface tension measurements also provide information about the dependence of the surface tension at the cmc (γcmc), pC20(negative logarithm of the surfactant's molar concentration C20, required to reduce the surface tension by 20 mN/m, the surface excess (Γmax) at air/solution interface, the minimum area per surfactant molecule at the air/solution interface (Amin), surface pressure at the cmc (Пcmc), critical packing parameter(CPP) and the standard free energies of micellization () and of adsorption ().
Increased sensitivity to heat pain after sad mood induction in female patients with major depression
Authors: Terhaar Janneke , Boettger Michael Karl , Schwier Christiane , Wagner Gerd , Israel Anna‐Karoline , Bär Karl‐Jürgen 
Published: October 2009

AbstractPatients suffering from major depressive disorder (MDD) have been shown to exhibit increased thresholds towards experimentally induced thermal pain applied to the skin. In contrast, the induction of sad mood can increase pain perception in healthy controls. Here, we aimed to test the hypothesis that heat pain thresholds are further increased after sad mood induction in depressed patients.Thermal pain thresholds were obtained from 25 female depressed patients and 25 controls before and after sad mood induction applying a modified Velten Mood Induction procedure (MIP). Valence and arousal ratings were obtained using the self‐assessment manikin. The Montgomery Depression Rating Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were obtained at baseline from all participants.Pain thresholds at baseline did not significantly differ between groups. Pain thresholds and valence of mood significantly decreased both in patients and controls, while arousal showed an inverse time course between groups. Therefore, our hypothesis could not be confirmed. From these data, we propose that the depressed mood as seen in MDD patients influences pain experience differently as compared to the shorter‐lasting mood change after MIP. A differential interaction of both affective states with brain areas of the pain matrix might be assumed. Eventually, the induction of sad mood might mirror the increased number of pain complaints in depressed patients and thus adds to the current concept of adjuvant antidepressant treatment both in depressed patients with pain complaints and in chronic pain patients.
OP-Simulation – ein Werkzeug zur Prozessoptimierung
Authors: Pfänder Tomas , Fischlein Jörg 
Published: October 2009

Einleitung
Eine zentrale Rolle im heutigen Klinikalltag spielt die permanente Herausforderung des OP-Managements, die sich aus dem Spannungsfeld zwischen ökonomischen Zwängen, medizinischer Leistungserbringung und reibungsloser interdisziplinärer Zusammenarbeit ergibt. Die Organisation und die Effizienz der Operationssäle sind deshalb entscheidend für die Ertragsstärke einer Klinik. Mit einem innovativen Ansatz der Simulationstechnik, die sich an den Abläufen der Fertigungsindustrie orientiert, können die Prozesse in den OP-Sälen optimiert und typische Problemfelder – wie hohe Wechselzeiten – vermieden werden.
Role of zinc along with ascorbic acid and folic acid during long-termin vitroalbumin glycation
Authors: Tupe Rashmi Santosh , Agte Vaishali Vilas 
Published: October 2009

The present study aimed to investigate the role of Zn alone and in the presence of ascorbic acid (AA) and folic acid (FA) in albumin glycation. Glycation was performed by incubations of bovine serum albumin with glucose at 37°C along with Zn, AA or FA separately and Zn+AA or Zn+FA for 150 d. Glycation-mediated modifications were monitored as fluorescence of advanced glycation endproducts, carbonyl formation, β aggregation (thioflavin T and Congo red dyes), albumin-bound Zn, thiol groups and glycated aggregate's toxicity in HepG2 cells. Zn inhibited glycation and β aggregation, probably due to observed higher protein-bound Zn. It also protected protein thiols and increased cell survival. AA and FA enhanced glycation, which was lowered in Zn-co-incubated samples. FA increased albumin-bound Zn and showed maximum cell survival. Although these results warrant furtherin vivoinvestigation, the present data help in the understanding of the interplay of Zn with micronutrients in albumin glycation.
Molecules and morphology reveal cryptic variation among digeneans infecting sympatric mullets in the Mediterranean
Authors: BLASCO-COSTA I. , BALBUENA J. A. , RAGA J. A. , KOSTADINOVA A. , OLSON P. D. 
Published: October 2009

SUMMARYWe applied a combined molecular and morphological approach to resolve the taxonomic status of Saccocoelium spp. parasitizing sympatric mullets (Mugilidae) in the Mediterranean. Eight morphotypes of Saccocoelium were distinguished by means of multivariate statistical analyses: 2 of Saccocoelium obesum ex Liza spp.; 4 of S. tensum ex Liza spp.; and 2 (S. cephali and Saccocoelium sp.) ex Mugil cephalus. Sequences of the 28S and ITS2 rRNA gene regions were obtained for a total of 21 isolates of these morphotypes. Combining sequence data analysis with a detailed morphological and multivariate morphometric study of the specimens allowed the demonstration of cryptic diversity thus rejecting the hypothesis of a single species of Saccocoelium infecting sympatric mullets in the Mediterranean. Comparative sequence analysis revealed 4 unique genotypes, thus corroborating the distinct species status of Saccocoelium obesum, S. tensum and S. cephali and a new cryptic species ex Liza aurata and L. saliens recognized by its consistent morphological differentiation and genetic divergence. However, in spite of their sharp morphological difference the 2 morphotypes from M. cephalus showed no molecular differentiation and 4 morphotypes of S. tensum were genetically identical. This wide intraspecific morphological variation within S. tensum and S. cephali suggests that delimiting species of Saccocoelium using solely morphological criteria will be misleading.
Reading the mind of God (without Hebrew lessons): Alston, shared attention, and mystical experience
Authors: GREEN ADAM 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAlston's perceptual account of mystical experience fails to show how it is that the sort of predicates that are used to describe God in these experiences could be derived from perception, even though the ascription of matched predicates in the natural order are not derived in the manner Alston has in mind. In contrast, if one looks to research on shared attention between individuals as mediated by mirror neurons, then one can give a perceptual account of mystical experience which draws a tighter connection between what is reported in mystical reports and the most similar reports in the natural order.
Richard Swinburne's argument to the simplicity of God via the infinite
Authors: GWIAZDA JEREMY 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn The Coherence of Theism Richard Swinburne writes that a person cannot be omniscient and perfectly free. In The Existence of God Swinburne writes that God is a person who is omniscient and perfectly free. There is a straightforward reason why the two passages are not in tension, but recognition of this reason raises a problem for Swinburne's argument in The Existence of God (the conclusion of which is that God likely exists). In this paper I present the problem for Swinburne's argument. I then consider two potential responses and suggest that neither succeeds.