bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nipple aspirate fluid and ductoscopy to detect breast cancer
Authors: Sauter Edward R. , Klein‐Szanto Andres , MacGibbon Brenda , Ehya, Hormoz 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWe prospectively performed cytologic assessment and image analysis (IA) on matched nipple aspirate fluid (NAF) and mammary ductoscopy (MD) specimens to determine (1) the accuracy of these methods in cancer detection and (2) whether the two collection methods provide complementary information.NAF and MD specimens were collected from 84 breasts from 75 women (nine bilateral samples) who underwent breast surgery. Cytologic evaluation was performed on all samples. IA was performed on slides with sufficient epithelial cells.Cytologic evaluation proved more accurate in patients without pathologic spontaneous nipple discharge (PND) than those with PND, mainly because of the potential false positive diagnosis in the latter. While the sensitivity of NAF and MD cytology was low (10% and 14%, respectively), both were 100% specific in cancer detection in the non‐PND cohort. Combining NAF and MD cytology information improved sensitivity (24%) without sacrificing specificity. Similar to cytology, IA was more accurate in patients without PND having high specificity (100% for aneuploid IA), but relatively low sensitivity (36%). Combining NAF and MD cytology with aneuploid IA improved the sensitivity (45%) while maintaining high specificity (100%). The best predictive model was positive NAF cytology and/or MD cytology combined with IA aneuploidy, which resulted in 55% sensitivity and 100% specificity in breast cancer detection.Cytologic evaluation and IA of NAF and MD specimens are complementary. The presence of atypical cells arising from an intraductal papilloma in ductoscopic specimens is a potential source of false positive diagnosis in patients with nipple discharge. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010 © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intraoperative imprint cytology of central neurocytoma: The great oligodendroglioma mimicker
Authors: Klysik Michal , Gavito Jose , Boman Darius , Miranda Roberto N. , Hanbali Fadi , De Las Casas Luis E. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIntraoperative cytologic evaluation of brain tumors has been used either to render a preliminary interpretation or more often as a complement to frozen section examination. Central neurocytoma is a intraventricular neoplasm, typically located in the region of the foramen of Monro, affecting mostly young to middle age adults. Histologically, central neurocytomas are characterized by monotonous cells with round nuclei and neuronal differentiation within a rich capillary network. Their distinction during intraoperative consultations from oligodendroglioma, ependymoma (mainly clear cell ependymoma), and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma can be a diagnostic challenge. We report a case of a 19‐year‐old female with an intraventricular tumor where imprint cytology preparations were crucial for the intraoperative diagnosis of central neurocytoma. Imprint cytology preparations show a round cell neoplasm associated with neuropil clumps and short straight capillaries admixed with tumor cell clusters. To the best of our knowledge, only a few cases describing the cytologic findings of central neurocytomas have been reported in the medical literature. The differential diagnosis, tissue correlation, clinical‐radiologic features, and ancillary studies are discussed. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of starmaker‐like in medaka as a putative target gene of Pax2 in the otic vesicle
Authors: Bajoghli Baubak , Ramialison Mirana , Aghaallaei Narges , Czerny Thomas , Wittbrodt Joachim 
Published: September 2009

AbstractOtoliths in bony fishes are involved in the function of the ear in the senses of balance and hearing. In a large‐scale random in situ hybridization screen of genes expressed in the medaka developing ear, we identified starmaker‐like (stm‐l) gene, a novel homologue of zebrafish starmaker and human dentine sialo‐phosphoprotein (dspp) gene. Despite the absence of sequence similarity between these genes, here we describe their similar genomic structure and expression patterns hinting for a conserved function. In medaka fry, stm‐l is expressed in various organs such as otoliths, teeth, gills, and kidney. Additionally, our results provide evidence that stm‐l is a putative downstream target gene of Pax2 transcription factor and Pax2 itself has a promoting function in otolith formation. Developmental Dynamics 238:2860–2866, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of gene expression in PTHrP−/− mammary buds supports a role for BMP signaling and MMP2 in the initiation of ductal morphogenesis
Authors: Hens Julie , Dann Pamela , Hiremath Minoti , Pan Tien‐Chi , Chodosh Lewis , Wysolmerski John 
Published: September 2009

AbstractParathyroid hormone–related protein (PTHrP) acts on the mammary mesenchyme and is required for proper embryonic mammary development. In order to understand PTHrP's effects on mesenchymal cells, we profiled gene expression in WT and PTHrP−/− mammary buds, and in WT and K14‐PTHrP ventral skin at E15.5. By cross‐referencing the differences in gene expression between these groups, we identified 35 genes potentially regulated by PTHrP in the mammary mesenchyme, including 6 genes known to be involved in BMP signaling. One of these genes was MMP2. We demonstrated that PTHrP and BMP4 regulate MMP2 gene expression and MMP2 activity in mesenchymal cells. Using mammary bud cultures, we demonstrated that MMP2 acts downstream of PTHrP to stimulate ductal outgrowth. Future studies on the functional role of other genes on this list should expand our knowledge of how PTHrP signaling triggers the onset of ductal outgrowth from the embryonic mammary buds. Developmental Dynamics 238:2713–2724, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of the oscillating gene her1 is directly regulated by hairy/enhancer of split, T‐box, and suppressor of hairless proteins in the zebrafish segmentation clock
Authors: Brend Tim , Holley Scott A. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractSomites are segmental units of the mesoderm in vertebrate embryos that give rise to the axial skeleton, muscle, and dermis. Somitogenesis occurs in a periodic manner and is governed by a segmentation clock that causes cells to undergo repeated oscillations of gene expression. Here, we present a detailed analysis of cis‐regulatory elements that control oscillating expression of the zebrafish her1 gene in the anterior presomitic mesoderm. We identify binding sites for Her proteins and demonstrate that they are necessary for transcriptional repression. This result confirms that direct negative autoregulation of her gene expression constitutes part of the oscillator mechanism. We also characterize binding sites for fused somites/Tbx24 and Suppressor of Hairless proteins and show that they are required for activation of her1 expression. These data provide the foundation for a precise description of the regulatory grammar that defines oscillating gene expression in the zebrafish segmentation clock. Developmental Dynamics 238:2745–2759, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Haptoglobin deficiency facilitates the development of autoimmune inflammation
Authors: Galicia Georgina , Maes Wim , Verbinnen Bert , Kasran Ahmad , Bullens Dominique , Arredouani Mohamed , Ceuppens Jan L. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractHaptoglobin (HP) is an acute phase protein synthesized by liver cells in response to IL‐6. HP has been demonstrated to modulate the immune response and to have anti‐inflammatory activities. To analyze HP's effect on autoimmune inflammation, we here studied the course of EAE induced by immunization of Hp knockout (Hp−/−) and syngeneic WT mice with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide (MOG35–55). Hp−/−mice suffered from a more severe disease that was associated with increased expression of IL‐17A, IL‐6, and IFN‐γ mRNA in the CNS and with a denser cellular infiltrate in the spinal cord. During the recovery phase, a significantly higher number of myeloid DC, CD8+ cells, IL‐17+ CD4+ and IFN‐γ+ CD4+ cells persisted in the CNS of Hp−/− mice. Absence of HP affected the priming and differentiation of T cells after MOG35–55 immunization, as levels of Th2 cytokines produced in response to MOG stimulation by Hp−/− T cells were reduced. These results suggest that HP plays a modulatory and protective role on autoimmune inflammation of the CNS.
Combination of host susceptibility and Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence define gene expression profile in the host
Authors: Beisiegel Martin , Mollenkopf Hans‐Joachim , Hahnke Karin , Koch Markus , Dietrich Isabell , T. Reece Stephen , Kaufmann Stefan H. E. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractProgression and outcome of tuberculosis is governed by extensive crosstalk between pathogen and host. Analyses of global changes in gene expression during immune response to infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) can help identify molecular markers of disease state and progression. Global distribution of M.tb strains with different degrees of virulence and drug resistance, especially for the immunocompromised host, make closer analyses of host responses more pressing than ever. Here, we describe global transcriptional responses of inducible nitric oxide synthase‐deficient (iNOS–/–) and WT mice infected with two related M.tb strains of markedly different virulence, namely the M.tb laboratory strains H37Rv and H37Ra. Both hosts exhibited highly similar resistance to infection with H37Ra. In contrast, iNOS–/– mice rapidly succumbed to H37Rv, whereas WT mice developed chronic course of disease. By differential analyses, virulence‐specific changes in global host gene expression were analyzed to identify molecular markers characteristic for chronic versus acute infection. We identified several markers unique for different stages of disease progression and not previously associated with virulence‐specific host responses in tuberculosis.
Synthesis and Physical Properties of Two Chiral Terpyridyl Europium(III) Complexes with Distinct Crystal Polarity
Authors: Li Dong‐Ping , Li Cheng‐Hui , Wang Jun , Kang Ling‐Cheng , Wu Tao , Li Yi‐Zhi , You Xiao‐Zeng 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBy utilizing the chiral terpyridyl‐type ligand L(–) [L =“dipineno”‐(4,5:4″,5″)‐fused 2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine or 2,6‐bis(7,7‐dimethyl‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro‐6,8‐methanoisoquinolin‐3‐yl)pyridine], two novel EuIII complexes with the formula [Eu(tta)3L](C3H6O)·0.5(H2O) (1) and [Eu(bta)3(L)](C3H6O)(2) (tta = 2‐thenoyltrifluoroacetonate, bta = benzoyltrifluoroacetonate) were synthesized and characterized by X‐ray crystallography and spectroscopic methods. The EuIII atoms in 1 and 2 are nine‐coordinate in a geometrical environment of a distorted, monocapped square antiprism. Complex 1 crystallizes in the polar space group P21, while complex 2 crystallizes in the nonpolar space group P212121. The chirality of both complexes is evidenced by the circular dichroism (CD) spectra. Both complexes show the characteristic photoluminescence of the EuIII ion. In contrast to complex 2, complex 1 exhibits brilliant triboluminescence, an intense NLO property and ferroelectric behaviour at room temperature. The distinct chiral optical properties of complexes 1 and 2 originate from the differing crystal polarities.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Nutritional value of rapeseed oil and its high oleic/low linolenic variety – A call for differentiation
Authors: Barth Christian A. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractTo offer the best choice of healthy and acceptable food to the consumer a coordination of plant breeding, food processing and nutrition science is required. Here the nutritional aspects of the high oleic/low linolenic (HOLLi) varieties of rapeseed with a low α‐linolenic acid content of about 3% are reviewed. The content of α‐linolenic acid amounting to around 9% is the hallmark of the positive nutritional value of the original (erucic acid free) 00 varieties of rapeseed oil (“canola” quality in North America). n‐3 fatty acids are endowed with the property to protect the cardiovascular system from chronic disease and the consumption of food containing n‐3 fatty acids is explicitly recommended by national and international nutritional and medical authorities. Although the use of HOLLi with a low n‐3 fatty acid content can be unavoidable for specific purposes, because of technological and health considerations the continuous future consumption of the original rapeseed oil with around 9% of α‐linolenic acid by the consumer should have high priority from the standpoint of public health. To pursue this aim confusion of the consumer must be avoided by creating a new name and a new brand for HOLLi varieties.
Physical‐chemical characteristics and oxidative stability of oil obtained from lyophilized raspberry seed
Authors: Šućurović Aleksandra , Vukelić Nikola , Ignjatović Ljubiša , Brčeski Ilija , Jovanović Dušan 
Published: September 2009

AbstractFresh raspberry (Rubus idaeus), cultivar Willamette, was freeze‐dried (lyophilization). A byproduct of lyophilization is “fine dust” of raspberry consisting of finely ground raspberry fruit body and seed. The seeds were separated. The seed oil was isolated and its physical and chemical characteristics were determined. Parameters that characterize the seed and quality of the oil were examined, including fatty acid composition, oxidative stability under different storage conditions, and radical‐scavenging activity. The fatty acid composition was determined by GC/FID and the contents of the dominant fatty acids were found as: oleic 16.92%, linoleic 54.95%, and α‐linolenic acid 23.97%. The oxidative stability of the oil was poor. The induction period by Rancimat test at 100 °C was 5.2 h. The radical‐scavenging activity is similar to that of resveratrol [1,3‐benzenediol 5‐(1E‐2‐4‐hydroxy‐phenyl‐ethyl)]. Although this product is used in the candy industry, it would be far more useful if raspberry oil of satisfactory quality could be extracted. This paper demonstrates that sifted lyophilized seeds can be used for the extraction of oils. This process allows for maximal usage of the byproducts, reduces losses and it increases the development of new products.
Insights into the physicochemical properties of coffee oil
Authors: Calligaris Sonia , Munari Marina , Arrighetti Gianmichele , Barba Luisa 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe lipid fraction of roasted coffee is an interesting ingredient that could be used in a large number of food formulations. Coffee oil has peculiar flavouring as well as nutraceutical characteristics. The feasibility of the use of coffee oil as ingredient greatly depends not only on its chemical characteristics but also on its physical properties. The crystallisation and melting properties of the coffee oil extracted from Arabica roasted coffee powder were determined by using synchrotron X‐ray diffraction coupled with differential scanning calorimetry. The fatty acid composition and the flavour profile were also assessed by using GC and GC‐MS analyses, respectively. The main fatty acids found in coffee oil are linoleic and palmitic acid. Significant amounts of stearic and oleic acid are also present. These chemical characteristics are linked to the phase transition behaviour. The crystallisation of coffee oil occurs at 6.5 ± 0.3 °C, independently of the cooling rate applied (from 0.5 to 10 °C/min). A unique crystalline structure was identified: a double chain length (2L) β' structure (55.29 Å). The sole formation of the β' form indicates that this metastable crystal is the only one that one should expect in foods containing coffee oil stored below 7 °C.
Temperature‐dependent solubility of wax compounds in ethanol
Authors: Holser Ronald Alan 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe ability of ethanol to dissolve wax compounds, as an alternative to traditional lipid solvents, was investigated for the recovery of cuticular lipids from biomass. The solubilities of fatty esters with carbon chain lengths from 40 to 54 were measured in ethanol over a temperature range of 30–80°C. The greatest increase in solubility was observed between 40° and 60°C for the long chain waxes that are characteristic of flax cuticle lipids. The solubility of a 52‐carbon wax increased by a factor of four over this temperature range. The Van't Hoff equation was used to estimate enthalpy of solution values. Ethanol was an effective lipid solvent at these modestly elevated temperatures and offers an economical method to recover lipid co‐products from biomass prior to conversion to bioethanol.
Catalytic cleavage of methyl oleate or oleic acid
Authors: Köckritz Angela , Blumenstein Michael , Martin Andreas 
Published: September 2009

AbstractDifferent reaction pathways are discussed for the Os‐catalyzed oxidation of methyl oleate and oleic acid using O2/aldehyde as oxidation system. Monomethyl azelate and pelargonic acid were the main products obtained in yields of approximately 50–70% starting from methyl oleate. Besides, varying amounts of methyl 9,10‐epoxystearate and methyl 9,10‐dihydroxystearate were found as by‐products. Azelaic acid and pelargonic acid were obtained exclusively from oleic acid used as reactant. Some mechanistic considerations led to the conclusion that the observed products are formed in parallel reaction paths. The effective oxidant for the scission of the C=C double bond seems to be very likely an in situ formed peracid generated by Os‐catalysis from O2/aldehyde. Additional investigations concerning the cleavage of oleic acid and methyl oleate with in situ formed performic acid from H2O2/formic acid corroborate this assumption.
Numerical algorithms for modelling electrodeposition: Tracking the deposition front under forced convection from megasonic agitation
Authors: Hughes Michael , Strussevitch Nadia , Bailey Christopher , McManus Kevin , Kaufmann Jens , Flynn David , Desmulliez Marc P. Y. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractElectrodeposition is a widely used technique for the fabrication of high aspect ratio microstructures. In recent years, much research has been focused within this area aiming to understand the physics behind the filling of high aspect ratio vias and trenches on substrates and in particular how they can be made without the formation of voids in the deposited material. This paper reports on the fundamental work towards the advancement of numerical algorithms that can predict the electrodeposition process in micron scaled features. Two different numerical approaches have been developed, which capture the motion of the deposition interface and 2‐D simulations are presented for both methods under two deposition regimes: those where surface kinetics is governed by Ohm's law and the Butler–Volmer equation, respectively.In the last part of this paper the modelling of acoustic forces and their subsequent impact on the deposition profile through convection is examined. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Astrocytic poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐1 activation leads to bioenergetic depletion and inhibition of glutamate uptake capacity
Authors: Tang Kim San , Suh Sang Won , Alano Conrad C. , Shao Zongjun , Hunt Waylon T. , Swanson Raymond A. , Anderson Christopher M. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractPoly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐1 (PARP‐1) is a ubiquitous nuclear enzyme involved in genomic stability. Excessive oxidative DNA strand breaks lead to PARP‐1‐induced depletion of cellular NAD+, glycolytic rate, ATP levels, and eventual cell death. Glutamate neurotransmission is tightly controlled by ATP‐dependent astrocytic glutamate transporters, and thus we hypothesized that astrocytic PARP‐1 activation by DNA damage leads to bioenergetic depletion and compromised glutamate uptake. PARP‐1 activation by the DNA alkylating agent, N‐methyl‐N′‐nitro‐N‐nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), caused a significant reduction of cultured cortical astrocyte survival (EC50 = 78.2 ± 2.7 μM). HPLC revealed MNNG‐induced time‐dependent reductions in NAD+ (98%, 4 h), ATP (71%, 4 h), ADP (63%, 4 h), and AMP (66%, 4 h). The maximal [3H]glutamate uptake rate (Vmax) also declined in a manner that corresponded temporally with ATP depletion, falling from 19.3 ± 2.8 in control cells to 2.1 ± 0.8 nmol/min/mg protein 4 h post‐MNNG. Both bioenergetic depletion and loss of glutamate uptake capacity were attenuated by genetic deletion of PARP‐1, directly indicating PARP‐1 involvement, and by adding exogenous NAD+ (10 mM). In mixed neurons/astrocyte cultures, MNNG neurotoxicity was partially mediated by extracellular glutamate and was reduced by co‐culture with PARP‐1−/− astrocytes, suggesting that impairment of astrocytic glutamate uptake by PARP‐1 can raise glutamate levels sufficiently to have receptor‐mediated effects at neighboring neurons. Taken together, these experiments showed that PARP‐1 activation leads to depletion of the total adenine nucleotide pool in astrocytes and severe reduction in neuroprotective glutamate uptake capacity. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electrical coupling of astrocytes in rat hippocampal slices under physiological and simulated ischemic conditions
Authors: Xu Guangjin , Wang Wei , Kimelberg Harold K. , Zhou Min 
Published: September 2009

AbstractMammalian protoplasmic astrocytes are extensively coupled through gap junction channels but the biophysical properties of these channels under physiological and ischemic conditions in situ are not well defined. Using confocal morphometric analysis of biocytin‐filled astrocytic syncytia in rat hippocampal CA1 stratum radiatum we found that each astrocyte directly couples, on average, to 11 other astrocytes with a mean interastrocytic distance of 45 μm. Voltage‐independent and bidirectional transjunctional currents were always measured between directly coupled astrocyte pairs in dual voltage‐clamp recordings, but never from astrocyte–NG2 glia or astrocyte–interneuron pairs. The electrical coupling ratio varied considerably among astrocytes in developing postnatal day 14 rats (P14, 0.5–12.4%, mean = 3.6%), but became more constant in young adult P21 rats (0.18–3.9%, mean = 1.6%), and the coupling ratio declined exponentially with increasing pair distance. Electrical coupling was not affected by short‐term oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD) treatment, but showed delayed inhibition in an acidic extracellular pH of 6.4. Combination of acidic pH (6.4) and OGD, a condition that better represents cerebral ischemia in vivo, accelerated the inhibition of electrical coupling. Our results show that, under physiological conditions, 20.7–24.2% of K+ induced currents can travel from any astrocytic soma in CA1 stratum radiatum to the gap junctions of the nearest neighbor astrocytes, but this should be severely inhibited as a consequence of the OGD and acidosis seen in the ischemic brain. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.