bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osseointegration in periodontitis susceptible individuals
Authors: Cecchinato Denis , Bressan Eriberto A. , Toia Marco , Araújo Mauricio G. , Liljenberg Birgitta , Lindhe Jan 
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to examine tissue integration of implants placed (i) in subjects who had lost teeth because of advanced periodontal disease or for other reasons, (ii) in the posterior maxilla exhibiting varying amounts of mineralized bone.Material and methodsThirty‐six subjects were enrolled; 19 had lost teeth because of advanced periodontitis (group P) while the remaining 17 subjects had suffered tooth loss from other reasons (group NP). As part of site preparation for implant placement, a 3 mm trephine drill was used to remove one or more 2 mm wide and 5–6 mm long block of hard tissue [biopsy site; Lindhe et al. (2011). Clinical of Oral Implants Research, DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2011.02205.x]. Lateral to the biopsy site a twist drill (diameter 2 mm) was used to prepare the hard tissue in the posterior maxilla for the placement of a screw‐shaped, self‐tapping micro‐implant (implant site). The implants used were 5 mm long, had a diameter of 2.2 mm. After 3 months of healing, the micro‐implants with surrounding hard tissue cores were retrieved using a trephine drill. The tissue was processed for ground sectioning. The blocks were cut parallel to the long axis of the implant and reduced to a thickness of about 20 μm and stained in toluidine blue. The percentage of (i) implant surface that was in contact with mineralized bone as well as (ii) the amount of bone present within the threads of the micro‐implants (percentage bone area) was determined.ResultsHealing including hard tissue formation around implants placed in the posterior maxilla was similar in periodontitis susceptible and non‐susceptible subjects. Thus, the degree of bone‐to‐implant contact (about 59%) as well as the amount of mineralized bone within threads of the micro‐implant (about 45–50%) was similar in the two groups of subjects. Pearson's coefficient disclosed that there was a weak negative correlation (−0.49; P < 0.05) between volume of fibrous tissue (biopsy sites) and the length of bone to implant contact (BIC) while there was a weak positive correlation (0.51; P < 0.05) between the volume of bone marrow and BIC.
The effect of hydrophilic titanium surface modification on macrophage inflammatory cytokine gene expression
Authors: Hamlet Stephen , Alfarsi Mohammed , George Roy , Ivanovski Saso 
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjectivesChemical modification of microrough titanium dental implants to produce a hydrophilic surface with increased wettability and improved surface energy has been demonstrated clinically to achieve superior bone wound healing and osseointegration compared to that achieved with a microrough titanium surface alone. As the recruitment of the necessary osseoinductive precursors involved in bone wound healing and osseointegration to the wound site is facilitated by the action of cytokines, this study sought to determine the in vitro effect of hydrophilic surface modification on the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines from adherent macrophages.Material and methodsThe surface topography and composition of the titanium surfaces was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Macrophage attachment and proliferation was assessed using an MTT assay. The expression of 84 pro‐inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by adherent RAW 264.7 cells, a murine leukaemic monocyte cell line, was assessed by PCR array after 24 h culture on either smooth polished, sand‐blasted acid‐etched (SLA®) or hydrophilic‐modified SLA (SLActive®) titanium surfaces.ResultsFollowing 24 h culture on titanium, surface microroughness activated pro‐inflammatory cytokine gene transcription in RAW 264.7 cells. Although there was no significant difference in the degree of cellular attachment or proliferation of RAW 264.7 cells to the different titanium surfaces, by 24 h the hydrophilic surface elicited a gene expression profile with significant down‐regulation of the key pro‐inflammatory cytokines Tnfα, IL‐1α, IL‐1β and the chemokine Ccl‐2.ConclusionsDown‐regulation of the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokine genes may thus modulate the inflammatory response and may facilitate the enhanced bone wound healing and osseointegration observed clinically using implants with a microrough hydrophilic surface.
Bio‐Oss® blocks combined with BMP‐2 and VEGF for the regeneration of bony defects and vertical augmentation
Authors: Schmitt Christian , Lutz Rainer , Doering Hendrik , Lell Michael , Ratky Jozsef , Schlegel Karl Andreas 
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the bone formation rate and osseointegration of Bio‐Oss® blocks combined with rhBMP‐2 and rhVEGF in bony defects and after vertical augmentation.Material and methodsBio‐Oss® blocks plus rhBMP‐2 (BMP), Bio‐Oss® blocks plus rhVEGF (VEGF), or Bio‐Oss® blocks plus rhBMP‐2 and rhVEGF (BMPVEGF) were inserted in “critical size defects” (CSD) in the calvariae of adult pigs. Control defects were filled with collagen carrier (Lyostypt®) plus growth factors and untreated Bio‐Oss® blocks (CO). In a second group, Bio‐Oss® blocks plus growth factors and untreated Bio‐Oss® blocks were used for vertical augmentation of the calvariae. In the first group, the investigation time was 30 days, in the second group it was 30 and 60 days. The bone samples were investigated histomorphometrically, and the newly formed bone (BV/TV) was judged by microradiographic investigation.ResultsIn the CSD model, the newly formed bone in the region of interest was not significantly different within the groups. In the second setting, the inserted bone blocks exhibited sufficient volume stability with increasing bone formation up to 9.33% ± 3.92% for BMP, 10.42% ± 1.81% for BMP/VEGF, 11.01% ± 4.78% for VEGF, and 10.02% ± 5.43% for the control group after 60 days.ConclusionIn the chosen setting and time frame, de novo bone formation did not increase with the additional use of growth factors.
MBL and MASP-2 concentrations in serum andMBL2promoter polymorphisms are associated to schizophrenia
Authors: Foldager Leslie , Steffensen Rudi , Thiel Steffen , Als Thomas Damm , Nielsen Hans Jørgen , Nordentoft Merete , Mortensen Preben Bo , Mors Ole , Jensenius Jens Christian 
Published: November 2011

Objective:Causative relations between infections and psychosis, especially schizophrenia, have been speculated for more than a century, suggesting a hypothesis of association between schizophrenia and hereditary immune defects. Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) is a pattern-recognition molecule of the innate immune defence. MBL deficiency is the most common hereditary defect in the immune system and may predispose to infection and autoimmunity. Mannan-binding lectin serine protease-2 (MASP-2) is an MBL-associated serine protease mediating complement activation upon binding of MBL/MASP to microorganisms. The objective was to investigate if schizophrenia is associated with serum concentrations of MBL and MASP-2 or with genetic variants of the genesMBL2andMASP2encoding these proteins.Methods:The sample consisted of 100 patients with schizophrenia and 350 controls. Concentrations of MBL and MASP-2 in serum were measured and seven single nucleotide polymorphisms known to influence these concentrations were genotyped.Results:Significant association of disease with genetic markers was found inMBL2but not inMASP2. Significant difference in MBL serum concentration was found between patients and controls when adjusting forMBL2haplotypes. For concentrations of MASP-2, a significant interaction effect between aMASP2variant and disease was found. Interestingly, MASP-2 levels also depended significantly on variants inMBL2exon 1.Conclusion:This study supports previous studies showing increased complement activity in patients with schizophrenia, indicates aetiological heterogeneity among patients and underlines that multilocus genotypes have to be considered when investigating effects on MBL level. It appears that inclusion of additional components from the system of complement activation is warranted.
Effect of chronic variable stress on corticosterone levels and hippocampal extracellular 5-HT in rats with persistent differences in positive affectivity
Authors: Raudkivi Karita , Mällo Tanel , Harro Jaanus 
Published: November 2011

Objective:The trait of experiencing positive affect could make a unique contribution to the pathogenesis of affective disorders. Animal models of positive emotionality are scarce but 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) in rats have been associated with rewarding experience. We have previously reported that persistent inter-individual differences in expression of 50-kHz USVs (chirps) exist, and that male rats producing fewer 50-kHz USVs are more sensitive to chronic variable stress (CVS). In this study we examined the effect of CVS on extracellular serotonin (5-HT) levels in hippocampus, comparing high-chirping (HC) and low-chirping (LC) rats.Methods:Male rats were classified as HC- and LC-rats on the basis of stable levels of USV response using sessions of tickling-like stimulation. CVS procedure lasted 4 weeks. The administration of citalopram (1 μM) and measurements of levels of 5-HT were done by microdialysis. Corticosterone levels were also measured from trunk blood.Results:Male LC-rats were more sensitive to CVS: the effect of stress on body weight gain was larger and corticosterone levels from full blood were higher in the stressed LC animals as compared to both the unstressed groups and the stressed HC animals. While no baseline differences in extracellular 5-HT levels in hippocampus were found between groups, the increase in extracellular 5-HT levels induced by citalopram was much higher in LC-rats.Conclusion:Chronic stress appears to modify hippocampal 5-HT overflow in rats with low positive affectivity. This finding supports the notion of greater vulnerability to CVS in male rats with low positive affectivity.
A Conservative Approach for Restoring Anterior Guidance: A Case Report
Authors: PONTONS‐MELO JUAN CARLOS , PIZZATTO EDUARDO , FURUSE ADILSON YOSHIO , MONDELLI JOSÉ 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTOne of the most common dental problems in today's clinics is tooth wear, specifically when related to bruxism. In such cases, the esthetics of anterior teeth may be compromised when excessive wear to the incisal surfaces occurs. Anterior tooth wear resulting from parafunctional bruxism can be conservatively treated with the use of direct resin composite restorations. This restorative approach has the advantages of presenting good predictability, load resistance, acceptable longevity, preservation of healthy dental tissues, and lower cost when compared with indirect restorations. The use of resin composites to solve esthetic problems, however, requires skill and practice. Thus, the present article demonstrates a conservative approach for restoring the esthetics and function of worn anterior teeth with the aid of direct resin composite restorations and selective occlusal adjustment.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEA conservative approach to restore anterior teeth with excessive wear is possible with direct resin composites.(J Esthet Restor Dent ••:••–••, 2011)
Efficient generation of jets from magnetically arrested accretion on a rapidly spinning black hole
Authors: Tchekhovskoy Alexander , Narayan Ramesh , McKinney Jonathan C. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT
We describe global, 3D, time-dependent, non-radiative, general-relativistic, magnetohydrodynamic simulations of accreting black holes (BHs). The simulations are designed to transport a large amount of magnetic flux to the centre, more than the accreting gas can force into the BH. The excess magnetic flux remains outside the BH, impedes accretion, and leads to a magnetically arrested disc. We find powerful outflows. For a BH with spin parameter a = 0.5, the efficiency with which the accretion system generates outflowing energy in jets and winds is η≈ 30 per cent. For a = 0.99, we find η≈ 140 per cent, which means that more energy flows out of the BH than flows in. The only way this can happen is by extracting spin energy from the BH. Thus the a = 0.99 simulation represents an unambiguous demonstration, within an astrophysically plausible scenario, of the extraction of net energy from a spinning BH via the Penrose–Blandford–Znajek mechanism. We suggest that magnetically arrested accretion might explain observations of active galactic nuclei with apparent η≈ few × 100 per cent.
Securing Landscape Resilience to Tropical Cyclones in Australia's Wet Tropics under a Changing Climate: Lessons from Cyclones Larry (and Yasi)
Authors: TURTON STEPHEN M. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractTropical cyclones are part of the ecosystem dynamics of rainforests in the Wet Tropics of Australia, and intact forest areas show remarkable ability to recover from cyclonic disturbance. However, forest remnants, littoral rainforests, and riparian vegetation have been shown to be particularly susceptible to cyclonic winds and post‐disturbance weed invasion with consequences for their long‐term conservation values. I evaluate the frequency and intensity of tropical cyclones impacting the Wet Tropics region since records began in 1858. The recent Category 4 cyclones featured in this study, Larry and Yasi, had return intervals of about one in 70 years. I then discuss the natural resource management (NRM) lessons from Cyclone Larry and put forward practical recommendations on how authorities should deal with natural resources in the clean‐up and recovery phases. I argue that natural resources must be treated as valuable commodities by including their protection and rehabilitation in the same way that human livelihoods, infrastructure and industry are covered in disaster management planning. This requires NRM issues to be included in disaster response policy and legislation, together with ensuring that structures are in place to mitigate the effects of cyclones on natural resources. There is a general consensus that tropical cyclone intensity will increase under climate change while frequency will decrease slightly. This has profound implications for the long‐term sustainability of ecosystems in the Wet Tropics. There is a real risk of a phase shift to vegetation types dominated by disturbance species, including weeds, at the expense of cyclone intolerant species. It is therefore important that we begin to build more cyclone resilient landscapes to reduce the vulnerability of our remaining rainforest habitats and primary production systems. Securing landscape resilience requires greater NRM investment in key areas, including landscape connectivity, river repair, protecting coastal assets and cyclone resilient farms. While climate change poses a long‐term threat to the rainforests of the region, we need to focus on more immediate pressures affecting our remaining biodiversity, notably clearing of native habitat, habitat fragmentation and degradation, and biosecurity issues.
Comparative Photodynamic Evaluation of New Phenothiazinium Derivatives against Propionibacterium acnes†
Authors: Wainwright Mark , Smalley Helen , Scully Orlanda , Lotfipour Ehsaneh 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe screening of recently patented derivatives of the standard phenothiazinium agents methylene blue and toluidine blue was carried out against Propionibacterium acnes, the main bacterium associated with acne vulgaris. Comparative tests were made using the topical agent benzoyl peroxide (BPO) and standard tetracyclines. Each of the photosensitizers employed, including the lead compounds, was photobactericidal at lower concentrations than BPO, and produced a much more rapid kill than the tetracyclines. In addition, the tetracyclic and pentacyclic phenothiazinium derivatives exhibited high light:dark kill ratios, suggesting that these examples might be particularly useful in practice.
Manipulation of Förster Energy Transfer of Coupled Fluorophores Through Biotransformation by Pseudomonas resinovorans CA10
Authors: Daniele Michael A. , Bandera Yuriy P. , Foulger Stephen H. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAn alkyne‐terminated anthracene and azide‐terminated carbazole were joined through a copper‐catalyzed cycloaddition to form a joined donor/acceptor pair. The photonic pair exhibited energy transfer when excited at the peak absorbance of carbazole and fluoresced with an anthracene spectral response. The fluorescent behavior was confirmed as Förster energy transfer (FRET). The lysate of Pseudomonas resinovorans CA10, a member of a predominant group of soil microorganisms that can metabolize a host of substrates, was employed to degrade the pair and alter the luminance spectral characteristics. The FRET was diminished and the corresponding, individual fluorescence of carbazole and anthracene returned. This general approach may find applications in single‐cell metabolic studies and bioactivity assays.
Metagenome‐based Screening Reveals Worldwide Distribution of LOV‐Domain Proteins
Authors: Pathak Gopal P. , Losi Aba , Gärtner Wolfgang 
Published: November 2011

AbstractMetagenomes from various environments were screened for sequences homologous to light, oxygen, voltage (LOV)‐domain proteins. LOV domains are flavin binding, blue–light (BL)‐sensitive photoreceptors present in 10–15% of deposited prokaryotic genomes. The LOV domain has been selected, since BL is an ever present and sometimes harmful environmental factor for microbial communities. The majority of the metagenome material originated from the Sargasso Sea Project and from open‐ocean sampling. In total, more than 40 million open reading frames were investigated for LOV‐domain sequences. Most sequences were identified from aquatic material, but they were also found in metagenomes from soil and extreme environments, e.g. hypersaline ponds, acidic mine drainage or wastewater treatment facilities. A total of 578 LOV domains was assigned by three criteria: (1) the highly conserved core region, (2) the presence of minimally 14 essential amino acids and (3) a minimal length of 80 amino acids. More than three quarters of these identified genes showed a sequence divergence of more than 20% from database‐deposited LOV domains from known organisms, indicating the large variation of this photoreceptor motif. The broad occurrence of LOV domains in metagenomes emphasizes their important physiological role for light‐induced signal transduction, stress adaptation and survival mechanisms.
Photochemical Inactivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Sagripanti Jose‐Luis , Grote Gudrun , Niederwöhrmeier Bärbel , Hülseweh Birgit , Marschall Hans‐Jürgen 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAdaptability to a broad range of environments together with relatively high resistance to antibiotics and to disinfectants makes Pseudomonas aeruginosa a concern in hospitals and in public health. We investigated whether UVA‐mediated photochemical inactivation of P. aeruginosa could be accomplished with high efficiency while at the same time preserving the sensitivity of subsequent diagnostic tests. We characterized dose responses and bactericidal kinetic rates of 5‐iodonaphthyl 1‐azide (INA) and of amotosalen (AMO) as these substances exposed to UVA are known to inactivate germs with minimal impact to blood products or to viral antigens. Neither UVA without photochemicals nor INA or AMO in the dark inactivated bacteria. We found that AMO was ca 1000‐fold more effective in inactivating P. aeruginosa cells than INA under similar conditions. Photoinactivation with either INA or AMO at conditions that abolished bacterial infectivity did not impair polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing. For comparison, similar titers of Bacillus atrophaeus spores (a surrogate for B. anthracis) remained unaffected at conditions that reduced the survival of P. aeruginosa below detection levels. The results presented in this study should assist in improved methods to inactivate P. aeruginosa in environmental, clinical and forensic samples without impairing subsequent nucleic acid‐ or immune‐based analysis.
The use of cone beam computed tomography in the management of displaced roots into the maxillary antrum
Authors: Haidar R.Z. , Sivarajasingam V. , Drage N.A. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractDisplacement of roots into the maxillary antrum is an intraoperative complication during extraction of upper molar teeth. A combination of panoramic, intraoral and occipitomental radiography is normally considered the imaging method of choice in assessing the position of the displaced roots. We describe the use of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the management of displaced roots in the antrum. CBCT aids in localising displaced roots and informs surgical access.
Analysis of characteristics of randomized clinical trials in leukemia that are associated with how results are reported
Authors: Burrett Julie A. , Lunn Daniel 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground Since many trials are small, systematic reviews are essential for obtaining statistically reliable results. However, some trials are better‐reported than others. Non‐publication or delayed publication could lead to bias in a review. We identify trial characteristics affecting how quickly or widely results of randomized trials are reported, and hence how likely the trial is to be found by reviewers.Methods We analyzed all randomized trials in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia that began before 1988 and all articles for these trials published before 2000, as identified by the Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL) Collaborative Group secretariat. This was the set of 149 trials included in the Second International Collaborative Workshop on Childhood ALL Studies at the end of 1992, comprising 243 randomized comparisons.We used multiple linear regression to analyze time to first mention or to first reporting of results (time to publication), logistic regression for whether a randomization was ever mentioned or reported, and Poisson regression for frequency of mentions or publications.Results Collectively, the articles mentioned 217 randomizations, with results reported for 188. Highly statistically significant results were published faster, each tenfold reduction in the p‐value (e.g., going from 0.5 to 0.05 or from 0.05 to 0.005) resulting in publication on average 20 months earlier (95% confidence interval 6–34, p = 0.005), non‐statistically significant results from trials outside North America and Europe took on average 55 months longer than those without these characteristics (95% CI 22–88, p = 0.001), and results from trials in high income countries were more likely to reach publication at some point than were results from other countries (odds ratio 7.8, 95% CI 2.4–25.3, p = 0.0006).Randomizations in high income countries were mentioned 73 months earlier than those in middle or low income countries (95% CI 51–94, p < 0.0001), were more likely to ever be mentioned (OR 13.1, 95% CI 2.1–80.9, p = 0.006), and were mentioned more frequently (incidence ratio 2.5, 95% CI 1.4–4.5, p = 0.003), as were North American trials compared with those conducted elsewhere (IR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1–1.6, p = 0.01).Conclusions Systematic reviewers should not rely solely on published reports, but should use additional ways of finding trials in order to minimize biases related to results and other trial characteristics. This relates both to published reports of trial results and to mentions of trials in the literature.