bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid pattern matching for trusted intrusion detection
Authors: Soewito Benfano , Vespa Lucas , Weng Ning , Wang Haibo 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIntrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) rely on pattern matching to detect and thwart a network attack by comparing packets with a database of known attack patterns. The key requirements of trusted intrusion detection are accurate pattern matching, adaptive, and reliable reconfiguration for new patterns. To address these requirements, this paper presents a trusted intrusion detection by utilizing hybrid pattern matching engines: FPGA‐based and multicore‐based pattern matching engine. To achieve synchronization of these two pattern matching engines, methodologies including multi‐threading DFA and clustered state coding have been developed. These hybrid pattern matching engines increases the reliability and trustworthy of intrusion detection systems. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative analysis of antral follicle number and size: a comparison of two‐dimensional and automated three‐dimensional ultrasound techniques
Authors: Deb S. , Campbell B. K. , Clewes J. S. , Raine‐Fenning N. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjectivesTo compare two‐dimensional (2D) ultrasound imaging with automated three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound imaging for the measurement of antral follicle number and size.MethodsTwenty‐four subjects aged < 40 years underwent transvaginal ultrasound examination (Voluson E8) in the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. A 2D ultrasound scan of both ovaries was performed; each antral follicle was identified and then measured by taking the mean of two diameters. A 3D ultrasound dataset of both ovaries was then acquired and analyzed using Sonography‐based Automated Volume Count (SonoAVC™). The time taken to measure the size of all antral follicles in both ovaries was recorded in seconds for each technique. Antral follicle size was recorded to the nearest millimeter and counts for each 1‐mm group were obtained. Antral follicle counts were also grouped according to five predefined size categories: 2.0–5.0 mm, 2.0–6.0 mm, 2.0–8.0 mm, 2.0–9.0 mm and 2.0–10.0 mm. Limits of agreement (LOA) and a paired t‐test or Wilcoxon signed ranks test were used to analyze the data depending on their distribution.ResultsWhen antral follicle numbers were compared for each 1‐mm follicle size group, 2D ultrasound imaging recorded more follicles measuring 3.0–3.99 mm (mean ± SD, 4.11 ± 3.70 vs. 2.63 ± 2.31; P = 0.019) and 4.0–4.99 mm (mean ± SD, 4.63 ± 4.86 vs. 2.68 ± 2.89; P = 0.013) than did SonoAVC. LOA were widest with follicles measuring 3.0–3.99 mm (LOA, 6.38 and −3.43) and 4.0–4.99 mm (LOA, 7.99 and −4.09). The antral follicle count in each of the five predefined size categories was significantly lower with SonoAVC than with 2D ultrasound imaging (P < 0.05). SonoAVC took significantly less time to measure the size and record the number of antral follicles than did 2D ultrasound imaging (mean ± SD, 132.05 ± 56.23 s vs. 324.47 ± 162.22 s; P < 0.001).ConclusionsFewer antral follicles are evident overall when SonoAVC is used to analyze 3D ultrasound data. The clinical significance of this remains to be determined but the automated technique is significantly quicker than is making measurements using 2D ultrasound imaging. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of ultrasound‐to‐delivery interval and maternal–fetal characteristics on validity of estimated fetal weight
Authors: Cohen J. M. , Hutcheon J. A. , Kramer M. S. , Joseph K. S. , Abenhaim H. , Platt R. W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjectivesTo explore the effects of ultrasound‐to‐delivery interval and maternal–fetal characteristics on the distribution of measurement error in estimated fetal weights (EFWs), and to determine the predictive ability of EFW for diagnosis of small‐for‐gestational age (SGA) and large‐for‐gestational age (LGA) among infants delivered within 1 day of an ultrasound examination.MethodsPercentage differences between EFW and birth weights were calculated in 3697 pregnancies. Linear regression was used to compare the accuracy of EFW for births on each of the 6 days after an ultrasound scan with the accuracy observed among births on the same day. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value for diagnosis of SGA and LGA according to EFW was assessed.ResultsThe mean ± SD percentage difference among deliveries within 1 day of the last ultrasound scan was 0.2 ± 9.0%. Mean percentage differences were not significantly different from day 0 on days 1, 2 and 3; however, combining the data from these 4 days obscured a slight bias towards an overestimation of weight evident on day 0 and day 1. Among deliveries within 1 day of an ultrasound scan, the PPV was 61% for SGA diagnosis and 54% for LGA diagnosis.ConclusionCombining data from births > 1 day after the last ultrasound examination may lead to a false conclusion that there is systematic underestimation of weight. EFW tended to underestimate the weight of macrosomic fetuses and overestimate that of small fetuses which limited sensitivity and PPV. Maternal–fetal characteristics are weak predictors of individual errors in EFW. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mixed tumor of the vagina: sonographic and magnetic resonance imaging findings
Authors: Laspas F. , Roussakis A. , Papadopoulos S. , Fanariotis I. , Kritikos N. , Kehagias D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMixed tumor of the vagina is a rare benign neoplasm that is composed of epithelial and mesenchymal cells. The majority of tumors are asymptomatic and simple tumor excision is curative. We report a case with pathological confirmation that was seen in a 42‐year‐old woman. On ultrasound examination the lesion appeared as an ovoid hypoechoic mass, 2.0 × 2.7 cm in size, arising from the lower third of the vagina. The lesion was well defined, solid and showed diffuse hypervascularity on color flow images. Magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvis showed a well‐circumscribed ovoid mass (2.0 × 2.5 cm) on the left lateral vaginal wall. On T2‐weighted images the mass appeared as a homogeneous hyperintense lesion, while on T1‐weighted images it was difficult to discern the mass from the vaginal wall. After intravenous administration of gadolinium the mass showed progressively increasing homogeneous enhancement. The lesion was excised without complication and there was no evidence of recurrence at the 10‐month follow‐up. Copyright © 2009 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Outcome of primary repair of obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS): does the grade of tear matter?
Authors: Roos A.‐M. , Thakar R. , Sultan A. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjectivesTo assess risk factors and outcome of different grades of obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) after primary repair, and to assess the relationship between outcome of anal sphincter defects as diagnosed by endoanal ultrasound.MethodsWe included 531 consecutive women (of which eight were tertiary referrals) who had sustained OASIS, underwent primary sphincter repair and were followed up between July 2002 and July 2008. At follow‐up, defecatory symptoms and bowel‐related quality of life (QoL) were evaluated and anal manometry and endoanal ultrasound were performed.ResultsThe mean time of follow‐up was 9 (SD, 5.9) weeks after delivery. Compared with women with a minor (Grade 3a/3b) tear, those with a major (Grade 3c/4) one had a significantly poorer outcome (P < 0.05) with respect to the development of defecatory symptoms and associated QoL as well as anal manometry. Women with major tears were significantly more likely to have an endosonographic isolated internal anal sphincter (IAS) or combined IAS and external anal sphincter (EAS) defect. Combined defects were associated with a higher risk of loose fecal incontinence and lower anal canal pressures. Use of epidural analgesia was the only independent factor predicting a major tear.ConclusionsThe greater likelihood of endosonographic anal sphincter defects in women with major tears compared with minor tears is the probable cause of the less favorable outcome of primary repair. Endosonographic combined defects are associated with poorer outcome and it is therefore important to identify the full extent of injury at delivery in women who sustain OASIS, and to pay particular attention to repair of IAS defects. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Communication of adenomyosis with the endometrial cavity: visualization with saline contrast sonohysterography
Authors: Reeves M. F. , Goldstein R. B. , Jones K. D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWe report four cases of a finding of communication between the endometrial cavity and adenomyotic lesions observed during saline contrast sonohysterography. In each case there was a saline‐filled defect extending from the endometrial cavity into the myometrium in the region of previously suspected adenomyosis. We believe this finding represents the sonohysterographic correlate of endometrium invading the myometrium, as has been described histologically. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal diagnosis of primary pulmonary hypoplasia in fraternal twins
Authors: Chen S. , Ursell P. C. , Adatia I. , Hislop A. A. , Giannikopoulos P. , Hornberger L. K. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPrimary pulmonary hypoplasia is a rare, usually lethal, condition presenting only after birth without other congenital abnormalities. We describe the first case of fraternal twins diagnosed prenatally with primary pulmonary hypoplasia. Both had diffuse hypoplasia of the pulmonary arteries initially identified by fetal echocardiography and confirmed at autopsy following termination. These cases permit examination of the histopathology of this disease in the fetal stage of development. Copyright © 2009 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measurement of fetal head descent using the ‘angle of progression’ on transperineal ultrasound imaging is reliable regardless of fetal head station or ultrasound expertise
Authors: Dückelmann A. M. , Bamberg C. , Michaelis S. A. M. , Lange J. , Nonnenmacher A. , Dudenhausen J. W. , Kalache K. D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjectivesTo assess whether ultrasound experience or fetal head station affects the reliability of measurement of fetal head descent using the angle of progression on intrapartum ultrasound images obtained by a single experienced operator, and to determine reliability of measurements when images were acquired by different operators with variable ultrasound experience.MethodsOne experienced obstetrician performed 44 transperineal ultrasound examinations of women at term and in prolonged second stage of labor with the fetus in the occipitoanterior position. Three midwives without ultrasound experience, three obstetricians with < 5 years' experience and three obstetricians with > 10 years' experience measured fetal head descent based on the angle of progression in the images obtained. The angle of progression was measured by two obstetricians in independent ultrasound examinations of 24 laboring women at term with the fetus in the cephalic position to allow assessment of the reliability of image acquisition. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to evaluate interobserver reliability and Bland–Altman analysis was used to assess interobserver agreement.ResultsIn total, 444 measurements were performed and compared. Interobserver reliability with respect to offline image analysis was substantial (overall ICC, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.63–0.81). ICCs were 0.82 (95% CI, 0.70–0.89), 0.81 (95% CI, 0.71–0.88) and 0.61 (95% CI, 0.43–074) for observers with > 10 years', < 5 years' and no ultrasound experience, respectively. There were no significant differences between ICCs among observer groups according to ultrasound experience. Fetal head station did not affect reliability. Bland–Altman analysis indicated reasonable agreement between measurements obtained by two different operators with > 10 years' and < 5 years' ultrasound experience (bias, −1.09°; 95% limits of agreement, −8.76 to 6.58). The reliability of measurement of the angle of progression following separate image acquisition by two experienced operators was similar to the reliability of offline image analysis (ICC, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.70–0.93).ConclusionsMeasurement of the angle of progression on transperineal ultrasound imaging is reliable regardless of fetal head station or the clinician's level of ultrasound experience. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mature ovarian dermoid cyst invading the urinary bladder
Authors: Tandon A. , Gulleria K. , Gupta S. , Goel S. , Bhargava S. K. , Vaid N. B. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMature ovarian dermoid cysts are common lesions, accounting for up to 10–25% of all ovarian neoplasms. Uncomplicated dermoid cysts are often asymptomatic and are relatively easy to diagnose on imaging and to treat. Symptoms develop once complications set in and these may cause diagnostic dilemmas. Torsion (16%) is the most common complication, while rupture, suppuration and malignant transformation are relatively uncommon. Of all these complications, spontaneous rupture into the urinary bladder is least common. The diagnosis of this condition has been through the use of cystoscopy or laparotomy in all cases reported so far. We report a case of a 30‐year‐old patient with pyuria and dysuria, where ultrasound examination clearly demonstrated an ovarian dermoid cyst invading the urinary bladder. A clear‐cut imaging diagnosis helped to allow planning of surgery in advance and a mucosa‐sparing partial bladder resection could be performed. Copyright © 2009 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Deformable trailing edge flaps for modern megawatt wind turbine controllers using strain gauge sensors
Authors: Andersen Peter Bjoern , Henriksen Lars , Gaunaa Mac , Bak Christian , Buhl Thomas 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe present work contains a deformable trailing edge flap controller integrated in a numerically simulated modern, variablespeed, pitch‐regulated megawatt (MW)‐size wind turbine. The aeroservoelastic multi‐body code HAWC2 acts as a component in the control loop design. At the core of the proposed controller, all unsteady loads are divided by frequency content. Blade pitching and generator moment react to low‐frequency excitations, whereas flaps deal with high‐frequency excitations. The present work should be regarded as an investigation into the fatigue load reduction potential when applying trailing edge flaps on a wind turbine blade rather than a conclusive control design with traditional issues like stability and robustness fully investigated. Recent works have shown that the fatigue load reduction by use of trailing edge flaps may be greater than for traditional pitch control methods. By enabling the trailing edge to move independently and quickly along the spanwise position of the blade, local small flutuations in the aerodynamic forces can be alleviated by deformation of the airfoil flap. Strain gauges are used as input for the flap controller, and the effect of placing strain gauges at various radial positions on the blade is investigated. An optimization routine minimizes blade root fatigue loads. Calculations are based on the 5 MW reference wind turbine part of the UpWind project primarily with a mean turbulent wind speed close to rated power. A fatigue load reduction of 25% in the blade root moment was obtained for a continuous 6.3 m long flap. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prognostic Significance of Host‐ and Tumor‐Related Factors in Patients with Gastric Cancer
Authors: Mohri Yasuhiko , Tanaka Kouji , Ohi Masaki , Yokoe Takeshi , Miki Chikao , Kusunoki Masato 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackgroundVarious factors regarding the biological state of tumors or the nutritional status of patients have been reported individually to correlate with prognosis. Identification of defined patient groups based on a prognostic score may improve the prediction of survival and individualization of therapy. The aim of the present study was to identify clinically useful parameters obtainable before treatment that could be used for predicting clinical outcomes in patients with gastric cancer.MethodsIn 357 consecutive patients who had been treated for potentially curable gastric cancer, we retrospectively analyzed the following clinicopathological factors: sex, age, body mass index, body weight changes, hemoglobin, white blood cell count, neutrophil to lymphocyte (N/L) ratio, serum C‐reactive protein (CRP), serum albumin, serum cholinesterase, tumor location, tumor size, histology, and clinical tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage. Factors related to prognosis were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis.ResultsFrom univariate analysis, significant differences in survival were found for age, hemoglobin, N/L ratio, serum CRP, serum albumin, serum cholinesterase, tumor size, and clinical T and N grouping. N/L ratio, tumor size, and clinical T grouping were identified as independent prognostic indicators in multivariate analysis. A prognostic score was constructed using these variables to estimate the probability of death. The model gave an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.85 for prediction of death at 5 years.ConclusionsThis model based on N/L ratio, tumor size, and clinical T grouping before treatment offers a very informative scoring system for predicting prognosis of gastric cancer.
Relationship Between the Histological Type of Initial Lesions and the Risk for the Development of Remnant Gastric Cancers After Gastrectomy for Synchronous Multiple Gastric Cancers
Authors: Fujita Takeo , Gotohda Naoto , Takahashi Shinichiro , Nakagohri Toshio , Konishi Masaru , Kinoshita Taira 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackgroundClinicopathological features of remnant gastric cancers after gastrectomy for synchronous multiple gastric cancers have not been fully addressed. In this study we evaluated the potential risk factors attributable to the development of remnant gastric cancers after initial gastrectomy for multiple gastric cancers.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 3042 patients diagnosed with gastric cancers who underwent a gastrectomy. Of these, 922 total gastrectomy cases were excluded and the remaining 2120 cases were clinicopathologically investigated.ResultsAmong the 2120 patients, 1967 patients were histopathologically diagnosed with a solitary lesion and 153 patients with multiple lesions. The incidence of remnant gastric cancers was higher in patients with multiple lesions at initial surgery than in those with a solitary lesion (7/153 [4.5%] vs. 9/1967 [0.45%], p < 0.05). Among the patients with remnant gastric cancer, the percentages of cases with a combination of undifferentiated‐type carcinoma (Type C), differentiated‐type carcinoma (Type A), and differentiated‐ and undifferentiated‐type carcinoma (Type B) as initial lesions were 15.0, 3.3, and 2.7%, respectively. Compared with those with no remnant gastric cancer, the incidence of the combination of undifferentiated‐type carcinoma (Type C) as an initial lesion was significantly associated with a higher (p < 0.05) incidence of remnant gastric cancer.ConclusionAs initial lesions, a combination of undifferentiated‐type carcinoma was a potential risk factor for the development of remnant gastric cancers after initial gastrectomy.
The fatty acid compositions of erythrocyte and plasma polar lipids in children with autism, developmental delay or typically developing controls and the effect of fish oil intake
Authors: Gordon Bell John , Miller Deborah , MacDonald Donald J. , MacKinlay Elizabeth E. , Dick James R. , Cheseldine Sally , Boyle Rose M. , Graham Catriona , O'Hare Anne E. 
Published: December 2009

The erythrocyte and plasma fatty acid compositions of children with autism were compared in a case–control study with typically developing (TD) children and with children showing developmental delay (DD). Forty-five autism subjects were age-matched with TD controls and thirty-eight with DD controls. Fatty acid data were compared using pairedttests. In addition, blood fatty acids from treatment-naive autism subjects were compared with autism subjects who had consumed fish oil supplements by two-samplettests. Relatively few differences were seen between erythrocyte fatty acids in autism and TD subjects although the former had an increased arachidonic acid (ARA):EPA ratio. This ratio was also increased in plasma samples from the same children. No changes inn-3 fatty acids or ARA:EPA ratio were seen when comparing autism with DD subjects but some SFA and MUFA were decreased in the DD subjects, most notably 24 : 0 and 24 : 1, which are essential components of axonal myelin sheaths. However, if multiple comparisons are taken into account, and a stricter level of significance applied, most of these values would not be significant. Autism subjects consuming fish oil showed reduced erythrocyte ARA, 22 : 4n-6, 22 : 5n-6 and totaln-6 fatty acids and increased EPA, 22 : 5n-3, 22 : 6n-3 and totaln-3 fatty acids along with reducedn-6:n-3 and ARA:EPA ratios. Collectively, the autism subjects did not have an underlying phospholipid disorder, based on erythrocyte fatty acid compositions, although the increased ARA:EPA ratio observed suggested that an imbalance of essential highly unsaturated fatty acids may be present in a cohort of autism subjects.
Aspects of nitrogen metabolism in sheep-fed mixed diets containing tree and shrub foliages
Authors: Patra Amlan K. 
Published: December 2009

Data on N utilisation by sheep-fed diets containing foliages were analysed to develop prediction equations for N excretion in faeces (FN) and urine (UN), and to determine endogenous N excretion. Overall, 218 dietary treatments from forty-four publications were compiled in the database. This database was split into three subsets: without foliage in the diets (FL-0); foliage levels (FL) in between 0 and 310 g/kg (FL-L); FL in between 310 and 800 g/kg diets (FL-H) to study the effects of foliages on metabolic faecal N (MFN) and endogenous urinary N (EUN). Nitrogen intake (NI) as single independent factor was the best predictor of FN (R20·75), UN (R20·81) and total N excretion (R20·86). Addition of dietary N concentration and FL for FN (R20·82), dietary N concentration and foliage NI for UN (R20·85), and FL and foliage NI for total N excretion (R20·92) as supporting predictors to this relationship slightly increasedR2values. The monomolecular and exponential models slightly improved the prediction of N excretion with NI as a predictor compared with the linear model. The excretion of MFN was greater for FL-H compared with FL-0, but was similar between FL-0 and FL-L, and FL-L and FL-H. However, EUN decreased in FL-H compared with FL-0 and FL-L, but was similar between FL-0 and FL-L. In conclusion, using NI as the primary predictor produced an accurate prediction of N excretion. Inclusion of foliages in the diets may shift N excretion from urine to faeces and increase the excretion of MFN and EUN.