bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expected declines in recruitment of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) in the eastern Bering Sea under future climate change
Authors: Mueter Franz J. , Bond Nicholas A. , Ianelli James N. , Hollowed Anne B. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMueter, F. J., Bond, N. A., Ianelli, J. N., and Hollowed, A. B. 2011. Expected declines in recruitment of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) in the eastern Bering Sea under future climate change. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1284–1296. A statistical model is developed to link recruitment of eastern Bering Sea walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) to variability in late summer sea surface temperatures and to the biomass of major predators. The model is based on recent advances in the understanding of pollock recruitment, which suggest that warm spring conditions enhance the survival of early larvae, but high temperatures in late summer and autumn are associated with poor feeding conditions for young-of-year pollock and reduced recruitment in the following year. A statistical downscaling approach is used to generate an ensemble of late summer temperature forecasts through 2050, based on a range of IPCC climate projections. These forecasts are used to simulate future recruitment within an age-structured stock projection model that accounts for density-dependent effects (stock–recruitment relationship), the estimated effects of temperature and predation, and associated uncertainties. On average, recruitment in 2040–2050 should expectedly decline by 32–58% relative to a random recruitment scenario, depending on assumptions about the temperature relationship, the magnitude of density-dependence, and future changes in predator biomass. The approach illustrated here can be used to evaluate the performance of different management strategies and provide long-term strategic advice to managers confronted with a rapidly changing climate.
REVIEW: Zein Extraction from Corn, Corn Products, and Coproducts and Modifications for Various Applications: A Review
Authors: Anderson Timothy J. , Lamsal Buddhi P. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTCorn can be fractioned to produce starch, fiber, oil, and protein in relatively pure forms. The corn kernel contains 9–12% protein, but half of this is an industrially useful protein called zein. Dry milled corn (DMC), corn gluten meal (CGM), and distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS) are all coproducts from corn that contain zein and are used for zein extraction. Because it is insoluble in water, zein has found uses in many products such as coatings, plastics, textiles, and adhesives. Newer applications are taking advantage of zein's biological properties for supporting growing cells, delivering drugs, producing degradable sutures, and producing biodegradable plastics. This review covers zein characteristics and nomenclature, past and current practices in processing and extraction of zein from corn products and coproducts, and the modifications of zein for various applications.
A Comparison of Disinfectants to Prevent Spread of Potyviruses in Greenhouse Tomato Production
Authors: Wintermantel W. M. 
Published: March 2011

Potyviruses, transmitted by a diverse array of common aphid species, infect a broad range of vegetable crops, and can be problematic in greenhouse tomato production. Once introduced, these viruses are believed to be transmitted plant-to-plant during pruning operations, and can infect large sections of a greenhouse, resulting in significant losses in fruit quality and yield. Several methods are used for virus management in greenhouse production, including rouging of diseased plants and treatment of tools and facilities with virucides to eradicate the virus responsible. To clarify potyvirus transmission efficiency from an infected source during pruning operations, experiments were conducted using direct and serial mechanical inoculation of Potato virus Y (PVY) using a scalpel dipped in a suspension of PVY-infected plant sap. Tests demonstrated that both serial and direct inoculation resulted in significant PVY transmission, but that transmission rates declined after the first few plants in serial transmission. Additional tests evaluated the efficiency of two virucides, a quaternary ammonium solution and sodium hypochlorite, for virus inactivation during pruning operations using a range of concentrations and time points. Results demonstrated that 0.5% sodium hypochlorite treatment for two seconds was sufficient for virus control, and superior to treatment with quaternary ammonium solutions. Accepted for publication 20 December 2010. Published 21 February 2011.
Screening Exotic Sorghum Germplasm, Hybrids, and Elite Lines for Resistance to a New Virulent Pathotype (P6) of Peronosclerospora sorghi Causing Downy Mildew
Authors: Radwan Ghada L. , Perumal Ramasamy , Isakeit Thomas , Magill Clint W. , Prom Louis K. , Little Christopher R. 
Published: March 2011

A recent outbreak of sorghum downy mildew (SDM) in Texas has led to the discovery of both metalaxyl fungicide resistance and a new pathotype, P6, in the causal organism Peronosclerospora sorghi. New and alternate sources of host plant resistance are needed for successful management of SDM. To identify sources of resistance, a total of 333 (242 minicore lines representing diverse germplasm from India, 67 commercial hybrids from Kansas, and 24 elite breeding lines from Texas) were inoculated in the greenhouse. Using an established sandwich inoculation technique, artificial inoculation of test lines with P. sorghi conidia, resulting in < 10% infection, were scored as “resistant.” Fifty-two minicore and 20 accessions from Kansas exhibited ≤ 10% infection and were selected as resistant. Out of 52 resistant minicore accessions, 28 were photoinsensitive. Eleven of 20 commercial hybrids from Kansas showed zero percent infection. Thirteen of 24 elite breeding lines from Texas were also resistant. In this study, resistance sources for the new P6 SDM pathotype were identified. The diversity among these materials is expected to provide different single-gene sources as well as quantitative sources of SDM resistance for use in breeding programs. Accepted for publication 13 January 2011. Published 23 March 2011.
The Jasmonate-ZIM Domain Proteins Interact with the R2R3-MYB Transcription Factors MYB21 and MYB24 to Affect Jasmonate-Regulated Stamen Development in Arabidopsis
Authors: Song Susheng , Qi Tiancong , Huang Huang , Ren Qingcuo , Wu Dewei , Chang Changqing , Peng Wen , Liu Yule , Peng Jinrong , Xie Daoxin 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
The Arabidopsis thaliana F-box protein CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1 (COI1) perceives jasmonate (JA) signals and subsequently targets the Jasmonate-ZIM domain proteins (JAZs) for degradation by the SCFCOI1-26S proteasome pathway to mediate various jasmonate-regulated processes, including fertility, root growth, anthocyanin accumulation, senescence, and defense. In this study, we screened JAZ-interacting proteins from an Arabidopsis cDNA library in the yeast two-hybrid system. MYB21 and MYB24, two R2R3-MYB transcription factors, were found to interact with JAZ1, JAZ8, and JAZ11 in yeast and in planta. Genetic and physiological experiments showed that the myb21 myb24 double mutant exhibited defects specifically in pollen maturation, anther dehiscence, and filament elongation leading to male sterility. Transgenic expression of MYB21 in the coi1-1 mutant was able to rescue male fertility partially but unable to recover JA-regulated root growth inhibition, anthocyanin accumulation, and plant defense. These results demonstrate that the R2R3-MYB transcription factors MYB21 and MYB24 function as direct targets of JAZs to regulate male fertility specifically. We speculate that JAZs interact with MYB21 and MYB24 to attenuate their transcriptional function; upon perception of JA signal, COI1 recruits JAZs to the SCFCOI1 complex for ubiquitination and degradation through the 26S proteasome; MYB21 and MYB24 are then released to activate expression of various genes essential for JA-regulated anther development and filament elongation.
High-Resolution Temporal Profiling of Transcripts during Arabidopsis Leaf Senescence Reveals a Distinct Chronology of Processes and Regulation
Authors: Breeze Emily , Harrison Elizabeth , McHattie Stuart , Hughes Linda , Hickman Richard , Hill Claire , Kiddle Steven , Kim Youn-sung , Penfold Christopher A. , Jenkins Dafyd , Zhang Cunjin , Morris Karl , Jenner Carol , Jackson Stephen , Thomas Brian , Tabrett Alexandra , Legaie Roxane , Moore Jonathan D. , Wild David L. , Ott Sascha , Rand David , Beynon Jim , Denby Katherine , Mead Andrew , Buchanan-Wollaston Vicky 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Leaf senescence is an essential developmental process that impacts dramatically on crop yields and involves altered regulation of thousands of genes and many metabolic and signaling pathways, resulting in major changes in the leaf. The regulation of senescence is complex, and although senescence regulatory genes have been characterized, there is little information on how these function in the global control of the process. We used microarray analysis to obtain a high-resolution time-course profile of gene expression during development of a single leaf over a 3-week period to senescence. A complex experimental design approach and a combination of methods were used to extract high-quality replicated data and to identify differentially expressed genes. The multiple time points enable the use of highly informative clustering to reveal distinct time points at which signaling and metabolic pathways change. Analysis of motif enrichment, as well as comparison of transcription factor (TF) families showing altered expression over the time course, identify clear groups of TFs active at different stages of leaf development and senescence. These data enable connection of metabolic processes, signaling pathways, and specific TF activity, which will underpin the development of network models to elucidate the process of senescence.
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis: where to go?
Authors: Kallenberg C G M 
Published: March 2011

Summary
Enormous progress has been made during the last 25 years in our understanding of the aetiopathogenesis of the anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAV). This has led to improvements in early diagnosis, treatment and secondary prevention of these diseases. Nevertheless, there are still unmet needs in the AAV. With respect to diagnosis and follow-up, sensitive biomarkers that reflect disease activity, also during smouldering disease, are needed. In the field of aetiopathogenesis, genetic and epigenetic studies are being performed not only directed at the autoimmune response but also at the expression of, possibly modified, autoantigens. Environmental factors, in particular microbial factors, are also being explored. This will enable analysis of gene–environment interactions in the AAV, so elucidating further their aetiopathogenesis. Explaining the differences in clinical presentation between proteinase 3 (PR3)-associated AAV and myeloperoxidase (MPO)-associated AAV requires an adequate animal model for PR3-ANCA disease, which is currently lacking. Although many large randomized controlled trials have built a base for a rational therapeutic approach in the AAV, late morbidity and mortality is still significant. The availability of new biologicals and the development of sensitive biomarkers for disease activity could further improve prognosis for patients suffering from AAV.
Nomenclature and classification of vasculitis – update on the ACR/EULAR Diagnosis and Classification of Vasculitis Study (DCVAS)
Authors: Luqmani R A , Suppiah R , Grayson P C , Merkel P A , Watts R 
Published: March 2011

Summary
Classification of vasculitis remains unsatisfactory. This is largely because the pathogenetic mechanisms of this family of related disorders have not been fully understood. Existing classification criteria are useful but limited. This has become more apparent with the advent of more effective and more specific therapies. A rational basis for classification could significantly improve our approach to treatment. The development of diagnostic criteria in vasculitis is an even greater challenge but may ultimately provide more useful for the non-specialist clinician. International efforts are underway to provide more effective classification and diagnostic criteria.
Rituximab in induction therapy for anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) vasculitis
Authors: Niles J 
Published: March 2011

Summary
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) have been associated with a spectrum of vasculitis that includes granulomatous polyangiitis (formerly known as Wegener's granulomatosis), microscopic polyangiitis, the Churg–Strauss syndrome, primary pauciimmune necrotizing and crescentic glomerulonephritis and related forms of vasculitis. In vitro, in vivo and clinical evidence support the conclusion that ANCA participate in the pathophysiology of this disease spectrum. Rituximab is a potent tool that can interrupt B cell-mediated immunity without major compromise of T cell-mediated immunity. Thus, it has great appeal as a tool to interrupt antibody-mediated autoimmune disease. The results of two prospective randomized trials confirm that rituximab can be effective as part of induction therapy for active ANCA-associated vasculitis. The safety profile for rituximab appears favourable relative to cyclophosphamide and steroids. However, there remain many patients who require individualized adjustments of ancillary therapy, as breakthrough disease, relapses and infectious complications do occur. Based on our current knowledge, rituximab should now be incorporated as part of induction therapy in many patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis. However, more work is needed to determine how rituximab may best be integrated into the overall immunosuppression of these patients.
Comparison of actigraphy with polysomnography and sleep logs in depressed insomniacs
Authors: MCCALL CATHERINE , MCCALL W. VAUGHN 
Published: March 2011

SummaryActigraphy is increasingly used in the assessment and treatment of various clinical conditions, being a convenient and cost‐effective method of capturing bodily movements over long periods of time. This study examined the use of actigraphy in the measurement of sleep of patients with depression and insomnia. Fifty‐four patients diagnosed with a current major depressive episode and chronic insomnia underwent a baseline overnight study with concurrent actigraphic and polysomnography (PSG) monitoring, as well as subjective sleep diaries. Agreement between PSG, actigraphy and sleep diary measurements was evaluated using two‐tailed t‐tests, Pearson’s correlations and the Bland–Altman concordance technique. The only significant difference found between actigraphy and PSG was in latency to persistent sleep, in which actigraphy underestimated sleep latency relative to PSG (P < 0.05). There were moderate positive correlations between actigraphy and PSG for all variables. In contrast, significant differences were observed between sleep diaries and PSG for all sleep variables. Bland–Altman concordance diagrams also demonstrated that, while bias was limited between PSG and the other two measurement types, there were somewhat broad 95% limits of agreement for all sleep variables with both sleep diaries and actigraphy. In summary, actigraphic measurements of sleep more closely approximated those of PSG than did sleep diaries in this sample of depressed insomniacs.
Bromelain Treatment Leads to Maturation of Monocyte‐derived Dendritic Cells but Cannot Replace PGE2 in a Cocktail of IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α and PGE2
Authors: Karlsen M. , Hovden A.‐O. , Vogelsang P. , Tysnes B. B. , Appel S. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractImmunotherapy using dendritic cells (DC) has shown promising results. However, the use of an appropriate DC population is critical for the outcome of this treatment, and the search for an optimal DC subset is still ongoing. The DC used in immunotherapy today are usually matured with a cytokine cocktail consisting of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6 and PGE2. These cells have deficits in their cytokine production, particularly IL‐12p70, mainly because of the presence of PGE2. Bromelain is a pineapple stem extract containing a mixture of proteases that has been used clinically in adjuvant cancer treatment. In this study, we analysed the effect of bromelain on human monocyte‐derived DC. We added bromelain to the cytokine cocktail and modified cytokine cocktails with either no PGE2 or reduced amounts of PGE2, respectively. Combining bromelain with the cytokine cocktails containing PGE2 resulted in an increased surface expression of CD83, CD80 and CD86. The chemokine receptor CCR7 was also considerably upregulated in these DC populations compared with DC treated with the cytokine cocktail alone. Removal or reduction of PGE2 from the cytokine cocktail did not increase the IL‐12p70 secretion from stimulated DC, and addition of bromelain to the different cytokine cocktails resulted in only a minor increase in IL‐12p70 production. Moreover, combining bromelain with the cytokine cocktails did not improve the T cell stimulatory capacity of the generated DC populations. In conclusion, bromelain treatment of monocyte‐derived DC does not improve the functional quality compared with the standard cytokine cocktail.
Impact of implementation of free high‐quality health care on health facility attendance by sick children in rural western Kenya
Authors: Burgert Clara R. , Bigogo Godfrey , Adazu Kubaje , Odhiambo Frank , Buehler James , Breiman Robert F. , Laserson Kayla , Hamel Mary J. , Feikin Daniel R. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryObjectives  To explore whether implementation of free high‐quality care as part of research programmes resulted in greater health facility attendance by sick children.Methods  As part of the Intermittent Preventive Treatment for Malaria in Infants (IPTi), begun in 2004, and population‐based infectious disease surveillance (PBIDS), begun in 2005 in Asembo, rural western Kenya, free high‐quality care was offered to infants and persons of all ages, respectively, at one Asembo facility, Lwak Hospital. We compared rates of sick‐child visits by children <10 years to all seven Asembo clinics before and after implementation of free high‐quality care in 10 intervention villages closest to Lwak Hospital and 8 nearby comparison villages not participating in the studies. Incidence rates and rate ratios for sick‐child visits were compared between intervention and comparison villages by time period using Poisson regression.Results  After IPTi began, the rate of sick‐child visits for infants, the study’s target group, in intervention villages increased by 191% (95% CI 75–384) more than in comparison villages, but did not increase significantly more in older children. After PBIDS began, the rate of sick‐child visits in intervention villages increased by 267% (95% CI 76–661) more than that in comparison villages for all children <10 years. The greatest increases in visit rates in intervention villages occurred 3–6 months after the intervention started. Visits for cough showed greater increases than visits for fever or diarrhoea.Conclusions  Implementation of free high‐quality care increased healthcare use by sick children. Cost and quality of care are potentially modifiable barriers to improving access to care in rural Africa.
Cardiac function and aminoterminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide levels in liver‐transplanted cirrhotic patients
Authors: Bernal Vanesa , Pascual Isaac , Lanas Angel , Esquivias Paula , Piazuelo Elena , Garcia‐Gil Francisco A , Lacambra Isaac , Simon Miguel A 
Published: March 2011

Bernal V, Pascual I, Lanas A, Esquivias P, Piazuelo E, Garcia‐Gil FA, Lacambra I, Simon MA. Cardiac function and aminoterminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide levels in liver‐transplanted cirrhotic patients.  Clin Transplant 2012: 26: 111–116.  © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Background:  Cirrhosis is associated with structural and functional abnormalities of the heart. We examined the evolution of these abnormalities after liver transplantation (LT).Methods:  Sixty cirrhotic patients, without cardiovascular disease, were included. Clinical data, echocardiography, and aminoterminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) levels were analyzed before and after transplantation. Healthy controls (n = 25) were included for reference.Results:  Before transplantation, cirrhotic patients had higher left atrium diameter, left ventricular (LV) mass index, and ejection fraction than controls. After transplantation, LV mass index increased (105 ± 31 vs. 119 ± 35 g/m2; p < 0.05), diastolic cardiac function deteriorated, expressed as a reduction in E/A wave ratio (1.105 ± 0.295 vs. 0.798 ± 0.248; p < 0.001), and NT‐proBNP levels decreased significantly in patients compared to pre‐transplantation values (1759 ± 1154 vs. 1117 ± 600 pg/mL; p < 0.001), although they were still above levels found in controls (1117 ± 600 vs. 856 ± 123 pg/mL; p < 0.05). NT‐proBNP levels above 2000 pg/mL before transplantation were significantly associated with risk for cardiovascular events after procedure (37% vs. 9%, p = 0.008).Conclusions:  In cirrhotic patients, diastolic function and cardiac structure deteriorate after LT. Compared to controls, NT‐proBNP levels tend to be higher before and after transplantation. The mechanisms and consequences of these results require further study.
The impact of renal replacement therapy before or after living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Ikegami Toru , Shirabe Ken , Soejima Yuji , Taketomi Akinobu , Yoshizumi Tomoharu , Uchiyama Hideaki , Harada Noboru , Maehara Yoshihiko 
Published: March 2011

Ikegami T, Shirabe K, Soejima Y, Taketomi A, Yoshizumi T, Uchiyama H, Harada N, Maehara Y. The impact of renal replacement therapy before or after living donor liver transplantation.  Clin Transplant 2012: 26: 143–148.  © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Introduction:  The impact of renal replacement therapy (RRT) in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) has not yet been investigated.Methods:  Among 253 LDLT patients, RRT was started before (RRT‐Pre, n = 9), or after (RRT‐Post, n = 27) LDLT. The clinical outcomes were reviewed.Results:  The one‐yr graft survival rate was 94.1% without RRT, and 63.9% and in those with RRT (p < 0.0001). Among the RRT patients, the RRT‐Pre patients exhibited acute liver failure, hepatorenal syndrome and high model for end‐stage liver disease score (35 ± 12), whereas the RRT‐Post patients had sepsis as a comorbidity. The one‐yr graft survival rate was 100.0% in the RRT‐Pre patients vs. 51.9% in the RRT‐Post patients (p < 0.01). The duration of RRT was significantly shorter in the RRT‐Pre patients than that in the RRT‐Post patients (5.3 ± 2.1 vs. 17.8 ± 14.1 d, p = 0.02). The mean duration between starting RRT and LDLT was 2.1 ± 0.7 d in the Pre‐RRT patients.Conclusion:  The RRT‐Pre patients had excellent outcomes because the severe condition was primarily treated by LDLT after short‐term pre‐transplant RRT. Post‐transplant uncontrollable sepsis was the major cause of graft loss in patients who receive RRT after LDLT.
Cutaneous angiosarcoma of the leg showing radiation sensitivity
Authors: Ohashi Atsuko , Kubo Hitomi , Iwade Maiko , Shiohara Junko , Takata Minoru , Uhara Hisashi , Okuyama Ryuhei 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTWe report a case of cutaneous angiosarcoma occurring on the leg of a 97‐year‐old Japanese woman. Considering the patient's age and general condition, she was treated with electron beam irradiation, which led to the almost complete disappearance of the tumour. Because cutaneous angiosarcoma is an aggressive tumour with a high propensity for local recurrence and distant metastases, therapy preferably involves a multimodal approach. However, monotherapy with radiation may be effective in some cases of cutaneous angiosarcoma.