bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solid‐State
NMR
Studies on Supramolecular Chemistry
Authors: Chierotti Michele R. , Gobetto Roberto 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Solid‐state NMR (SSNMR) methods provide new insights in the investigation of the structure and dynamics of condensed phases. Advances in commercial solid‐state hardware and the developments of new pulse sequences have been of paramount importance for overcoming the earlier resolution problems and yield spectra sensitive to intra‐ and intermolecular hydrogen‐bonding and π–π interactions. This chapter aims to provide an overview of the recent development of the technique for the study of the structure and dynamics of supramolecular systems paying particular attention to the role of the weak interactions such as hydrogen bonds through NMR chemical shift as well as the through‐space dipolar coupling SSNMR investigations.
A Memristive Nanoparticle/Organic Hybrid Synapstor for Neuroinspired Computing
Authors: Alibart Fabien , Pleutin Stéphane , Bichler Olivier , Gamrat Christian , Serrano‐Gotarredona Teresa , Linares‐Barranco Bernabe , Vuillaume Dominique 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA large effort is devoted to the research of new computing paradigms associated with innovative nanotechnologies that should complement and/or propose alternative solutions to the classical Von Neumann/CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) association. Among various propositions, spiking neural network (SNN) seems a valid candidate. i) In terms of functions, SNN using relative spike timing for information coding are deemed to be the most effective at taking inspiration from the brain to allow fast and efficient processing of information for complex tasks in recognition or classification. ii) In terms of technology, SNN may be able to benefit the most from nanodevices because SNN architectures are intrinsically tolerant to defective devices and performance variability. Here, spike‐timing‐dependent plasticity (STDP), a basic and primordial learning function in the brain, is demonstrated with a new class of synapstor (synapse‐transistor), called nanoparticle organic memory field‐effect transistor (NOMFET). This learning function is obtained with a simple hybrid material made of the self‐assembly of gold nanoparticles and organic semiconductor thin films. Beyond mimicking biological synapses, it is also demonstrated how the shape of the applied spikes can tailor the STDP learning function. Moreover, the experiments and modeling show that this synapstor is a memristive device. Finally, these synapstors are successfully coupled with a CMOS platform emulating the pre‐ and postsynaptic neurons, and a behavioral macromodel is developed on usual device simulator.
Dispersed ZrO2 nanoparticles in MCM‐48 with high adsorption activity
Authors: Deshpande Parag A. , Polisetti Sneha , Madras Giridhar , Jyothi Divya , Chandrasekaran Srinivasan 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA new two‐step synthesis of ZrO2‐MCM nanocomposites using the gel combustion technique was accomplished; the resulting material had a high‐surface area and showed very high adsorption activity. The deposition of 2–5 nm ZrO2 particles over MCM was achieved using gel combustion technique with glycine as a fuel, and the formation of nanocomposites was confirmed using transmission electron microscopy. The composites were also characterized by XRD, SEM, FTIR and N2 adsorption‐desorption analysis. The nanocomposites were tested for the adsorption of cationic dyes. High rates of adsorption and large dye uptake were observed over the nanocomposites. The rate of adsorption over the nanocomposites was higher than that observed for physical ZrO2‐MCM mixtures and commercial activated carbon. The nanocomposite with 10 wt % ZrO2 showed the highest rate of adsorption owing to the synergistic effects of ZrO2 surface groups, smaller particle size, fine dispersion and high‐surface area of the composite. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 58: 2987–2996, 2012
A multifaceted public health approach to statewide aviation safety
Authors: Mode Nicolle A. , O'Connor Mary B. , Conway George A. , Hill Ryan D. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackgroundDuring the 1990s, Alaskan pilots had one of the most hazardous occupations in the US. In 2000, a multifaceted public health initiative was launched, focusing on Alaskan air taxi/commuter (AT) operations, including risk factor identification, improved weather information, and the formation of an industry‐led safety organization.MethodsEffectiveness was assessed by comparing rates of crashes using Poisson regression, comparing trends in annual numbers of crashes, and assessing changes in the number and type of controlled flight into terrain (CFIT) events.ResultsThe greatest improvements were seen in Alaska fatal AT crashes with a 57% decrease in rates between time periods. While the number of AT crashes in the rest of the US steadily declined during 1990–2009, Alaska only showed significant declines after 2000. CFIT crashes declined but remained more deadly than other crashes.ConclusionsThis coordinated effort was successful in reducing crashes in the Alaskan AT industry. Am. J. Ind. Med. 55:176–186, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Association study of serotonin pathway genes in attempted suicide
Authors: Judy Jennifer T. , Seifuddin Fayaz , Mahon Pamela B. , Huo Yuqing , Goes Fernando S. , Jancic Dubravka , Schweizer Barbara , Mondimore Francis M. , MacKinnon Dean F. , DePaulo J. Raymond , Gershon Elliot S. , McMahon Francis J. , Cutler David J. , Zandi Peter P. , Potash James B. , Willour Virginia L. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractEpidemiological studies, such as family, twin, and adoption studies, demonstrate the presence of a heritable component to both attempted and completed suicide. Some of this heritability is accounted for by the presence of comorbid psychiatric disorders, but the evidence also indicates that a portion of this heritability is specific to suicidality. The serotonergic system has been studied extensively in this phenotype, but findings have been inconsistent, possibly due to the presence of multiple susceptibility variants and/or gene–gene interactions. In this study, we genotyped 174 tag and coding single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 17 genes within the serotonin pathway on 516 subjects with a major mood disorder and a history of a suicide attempt (cases) and 515 healthy controls, with the goal of capturing the common genetic variation across each of these candidate genes. We tested the 174 markers in single‐SNP, haplotype, gene‐based, and epistasis analyses. While these association analyses identified multiple marginally significant SNPs, haplotypes, genes, and interactions, none of them survived correction for multiple testing. Additional studies, including assessment in larger sample sets and deep resequencing to identify rare causal variants, may be required to fully understand the role that the serotonin pathway plays in suicidal behavior. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preparation and properties of polyamide 6 fibers prepared by the gel spinning method
Authors: Jia Qing‐Xiu , Xiong Zu‐Jiang , Shi Chao‐Ming , Zhang Li‐Qun , Wang Xiao‐Ning 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPolyamide 6 (PA6) fibers were prepared by CaCl2 complexation and the gel spinning technique. PA6 was partially complexed with CaCl2 for the purpose of suppressing interchain amide group hydrogen bonding. The fibers were characterized with scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. In the gel spinning process, a mixed tetrachloroethane and chloroform solution was chosen as the coagulation bath after a comparison of different types of solutions. From our investigation of the morphology, structure, and mechanical properties of gel‐spun and hot‐drawn fibers, it was indicated that the modulus and tensile strength increased with increasing draw ratio, the orientation of the fibers was improved, and the cross section of the PA6 gel fibers became more smooth and tight. The results from the XRD, DSC, and FTIR tests indicated that calcium metal cations complexed with the carbonyl oxygen atoms of PA6. The maximum modulus and tensile strength values obtained in this study were 28.8 GPa and 413 MPa, respectively, at a draw ratio of 8. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Advanced cell therapies with and without scaffolds
Authors: Demirbag Birsen , Huri Pinar Y. , Kose Gamze T. , Buyuksungur Arda , Hasirci Vasif 
Published: December 2011

AbstractTissue engineering and regenerative medicine aim to produce tissue substitutes to restore lost functions of tissues and organs. This includes cell therapies, induction of tissue/organ regeneration by biologically active molecules, or transplantation of in vitro grown tissues. This review article discusses advanced cell therapies that make use of scaffolds and scaffold‐free approaches. The first part of this article covers the basic characteristics of scaffolds, including characteristics of scaffold material, fabrication and surface functionalization, and their applications in the construction of hard (bone and cartilage) and soft (nerve, skin, blood vessel, heart muscle) tissue substitutes. In addition, cell sources as well as bioreactive agents, such as growth factors, that guide cell functions are presented. The second part in turn, examines scaffold‐free applications, with a focus on the recently discovered cell sheet engineering. This article serves as a good reference for all applications of advanced cell therapies and as well as advantages and limitations of scaffold‐based and scaffold‐free strategies.
Successful treatment of refractory metastatic histiocytic sarcoma with alemtuzumab
Authors: Shukla Neerav , Kobos Rachel , Renaud Thomas , Teruya‐Feldstein Julie , Price Anita , McAllister‐Lucas Linda , Steinherz Peter 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is an exceedingly rare tumor and carries a dismal prognosis when patients present with advanced‐stage disease. Because of the poor response rates to conventional chemotherapy and the rarity of the disease, no standard of care exists for patients with HS. The authors report the single‐agent use of the anti‐CD52 antibody alemtuzumab in 2 patients who had advanced‐stage HS.METHODS:Two patients with chemotherapy‐refractory, metastatic HS with tumors that expressed the CD52 antigen received a prolonged course of treatment with the anti‐CD52 monoclonal antibody alemtuzumab.RESULTS:Resected tumor samples from both patients demonstrated CD52 expression. Both patients had marked responses to single‐agent alemtuzumab. One patient had a complete response with no evidence of disease for >5 years. The second patient had a major response to alemtuzumab and also remained alive with no evidence of disease for >4 years.CONCLUSIONS:Further studies need to be performed to examine CD52 expression and function in HS as well as the role of alemtuzumab in a larger cohort of patients. However, the clinical impact of single‐agent alemtuzumab in the 2 patients described in this report was very encouraging. Given the toxicity and frequent inefficacy of conventional chemotherapy, patients with incompletely resected HS should be strongly considered for alemtuzumab therapy. Cancer 2012. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Combined Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of CO Adsorption on Coordinatively Unsaturated Sites in CuBTC MOF
Authors: Rubeš Miroslav , Grajciar Lukáš , Bludský Ota , Wiersum Andrew D. , Llewellyn Philip L. , Nachtigall Petr 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe adsorption of CO in metal–organic framework CuBTC material is investigated by a combination of theoretical and experimental approaches. The adsorption enthalpy of CO on CuBTC determined experimentally to be −29 kJ mol−1 at the zero‐coverage limit is in very good agreement with the adsorption enthalpy calculated at the combined DFT–ab initio level with the periodic model. Calculations show that polycarbonyl complexes cannot be formed on regular coordinatively unsaturated sites in CuBTC. Experimental IR spectra of the CO probe molecule adsorbed in CuBTC are interpreted based on calculated CO stretching frequencies. Calculations show that long‐range interactions are insignificant for the CO/CuBTC system and that this system can be accurately modeled with just a Cu2(HCOO)4 cluster model of the paddle wheel. The reliability of various methods for the description of CO interaction with the Cu2+ site in CuBTC is discussed based on the experimental results and accurate coupled‐cluster calculations. It is shown that standard exchange‐correlation functionals do not provide a reliable description of CO interaction with coordinatively unsaturated Cu2+ sites in CuBTC.
Separation of Reaction Product and Palladium Catalyst after a Heck Coupling Reaction by means of Organic Solvent Nanofiltration
Authors: Tsoukala Anna , Peeva Ludmila , Livingston Andrew G. , Bjørsvik Hans‐René 
Published: December 2011

AbstractOrganic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) is a recently commercialized technology, which we have used to develop a method for the separation of a target product and the Pd catalyst from a Heck coupling postreaction mixture. The experimental setup included commercially available polyimide copolymer membranes with molecular weight cut‐off (MWCO) values in the range of 150–300 Da, acetone as the solvent, and a working pressure (N2) of 3 MPa. The investigation of the membranes revealed that a membrane with a MWCO of 200 Da provided quantitative retention of the Pd catalyst and quantitative recovery of the target product by means of a cross‐flow dia‐nanofiltration procedure.
Neutrophil extracellular traps contain mitochondrial as well as nuclear DNA and exhibit inflammatory potential
Authors: Keshari Ravi S. , Jyoti Anupam , Kumar Sachin , Dubey Megha , Verma Anupam , Srinag Bangalore S. , Krishnamurthy Hanumanthappa , Barthwal Manoj K. , Dikshit Madhu 
Published: December 2011

AbstractNeutrophils expel extracellular traps (NETs) to entrap and exterminate the invaded micro‐organisms. Acute/chronic inflammatory disorders are often observed with aberrantly enhanced NETs formation and high nitric oxide (NO) availability. Recent study from this laboratory demonstrated release of NETs from human neutrophils following treatment with SNP or SNAP. This study is an extension of our previous finding to explore the extracellular bacterial killing, source of DNA in the expelled NETs, their ability to induce proinflammatory cytokines release from platelets/THP‐1 cells, and assessment of NO‐mediated free radical formation by using a consistent NO donor, DETA‐NONOate. NO‐mediated NETs exhibited extracellular bacterial killing as determined by colony forming units. NO‐mediated NETs formation was due to the activation of NADPH oxidase and myeloperoxidase. NO‐ or PMA‐mediated NETs were positive for both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA as well as proteolytic enzymes. Incubation of NETs with human platelets enhanced the release of IL‐1β and IL‐8, while with THP‐1 cells, release of IL‐1β, IL‐8, and TNFα was observed. This study demonstrates that NO by augmenting enzymatic free radical generation release NETs to promote extracellular bacterial killing. These NETs were made up of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA and potentiated release of proinflammatory cytokines. © 2011 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Potential for phosphodiesterase inhibitors in the management of autoimmune diseases
Authors: Shenoy Padmanabha , Agarwal Vikas , Agarwal Amita , Misra Ramnath , Naik Sita 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPhosphodiesterases (PDEs) and their substrates, cAMP and cGMP, are ubiquitously expressed in the immune system. Inhibiting PDEs may represent a novel approach for regulating immune functions and have a therapeutic potential in the management of autoimmune diseases. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDEi) have proved effective in clinical trials in the management of pulmonary artery hypertension and Raynaud's phenomenon. Data from animal models suggest that the immunomodulatory effect of PDEi may have a therapeutic potential in the management of diseases such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. The antifibrotic potential of PDEi, as suggested by animal experiments, if proven in further studies will be a major step in the treatment of fibrosing diseases such as scleroderma and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Drug Dev Res 72:772–778, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Morphological defects in a novel Rdh10 mutant that has reduced retinoic acid biosynthesis and signaling
Authors: Ashique Amir M. , May Scott R. , Kane Maureen A. , Folias Alexandra E. , Phamluong Khanhky , Choe Youngshik , Napoli Joseph L. , Peterson Andrew S. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractRetinoic acid (RA) signaling is necessary for proper patterning and morphogenesis during embryonic development. Tissue‐specific RA signaling requires precise spatial and temporal synthesis of RA from retinal by retinaldehyde dehydrogenases (Raldh) and the conversion of retinol to retinal by retinol dehydrogenases (Rdh) of the short‐chain dehydrogenase/reducatase gene family (SDR). The SDR, retinol dehydrogenase 10 (RDH10), is a major contributor to retinal biosynthesis during mid‐gestation. We have identified a missense mutation in the Rdh10 gene (Rdh10m366Asp) using an N‐ethyl‐N‐nitrosourea‐induced forward genetic screen that result in reduced RA levels and signaling during embryonic development. Rdh10m366Asp mutant embryos have unique phenotypes, such as edema, a massive midline facial cleft, and neurogenesis defects in the forebrain, that will allow the identification of novel RA functions. genesis, 50: 415–423, 2012. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reef fish hybridization: lessons learnt from butterflyfishes (genusChaetodon)
Authors: Montanari Stefano R. , van Herwerden Lynne , Pratchett Morgan S. , Hobbs Jean‐Paul A. , Fugedi Anneli 
Published: December 2011

AbstractNatural hybridization is widespread among coral reef fishes. However, the ecological promoters and evolutionary consequences of reef fish hybridization have not been thoroughly evaluated. Butterflyfishes form a high number of hybrids and represent an appropriate group to investigate hybridization in reef fishes. This study provides a rare test of terrestrially derived hybridization theory in the marine environment by examining hybridization betweenChaetodon trifasciatusandC. lunulatusat Christmas Island. Overlapping spatial and dietary ecologies enable heterospecific encounters. Nonassortative mating and local rarity of both parent species appear to permit heterospecific breeding pair formation. Microsatellite loci and mtDNA confirmed the status of hybrids, which displayed the lowest genetic diversity in the sample and used a reduced suite of resources, suggesting decreased adaptability. Maternal contribution to hybridization was unidirectional, and no introgression was detected, suggesting limited, localized evolutionary consequences of hybridization.Comparisons to other reef fish hybridization studies revealed that different evolutionary consequences emerge, despite being promoted by similar factors, possibly due to the magnitude of genetic distance between hybridizing species. This study highlights the need for further enquiry aimed at evaluating the importance and long‐term consequences of reef fish hybridization.
Electrochemical Immunosensor Coupled to Cyclone Air Sampler for Detection of Escherichia coli DH5α in Bioaerosols
Authors: Skládal P. , Švábenská E. , Žeravík J. , Přibyl J. , Šišková P. , Tjärnhage T. , Gustafson I. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe portable detector ImmunoSMART was combined with the cyclone air sampler to detect the model bioagent E. coli DH5α in bioaerosols. The selected capture antibody was immobilized on gold electrodes, antibody‐peroxidase conjugate served as a tracer. In buffer, the amperometric immunosensor measured 103 to 108 CFU/mL within 30 min. Detection in air was realized in a closed aerosol chamber. Automated dissemination of the cells, sampling and measurement allowed remote testing of the cyclone/immunodetector. The level of 150 CFU/L in air was clearly indicated (20 min analysis including 5 min sampling) and independently confirmed using the slit sampler and agar cultivation. The results seem promising for further extended tests in both aerosol chamber and field trial conditions.
An Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy/Neutron Reflectometry Study of Water Uptake in the Poly(3,4‐Ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(Styrene Sulfonate)/Polymethyl Methacrylate‐Polydecyl Methacrylate Copolymer Solid‐Contact Ion‐Selective Electrode
Authors: Veder Jean‐Pierre , Patel Kunal , Sohail Manzar , Jiang San Ping , James Michael , De Marco Roland 
Published: December 2011

AbstractFurther to previous work on the ion‐selective electrode (ISE) comprising a poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene:poly(styrene sulfonate) [PEDOT : PSS] solid‐contact (SC) and a plasticised polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membrane that led to blurring of interference fringes in neutron reflectometry (NR) data, the lipophilic polymethyl methacrylate/polydecyl methacrylate (PMMA‐PDMA) copolymer ISE membrane was used to provide high quality NR data that is relatively free of interfacial roughening and unequivocal information on the uptake of water in this important SC ISE. The outcomes revealed that the hydrophobic PMMA‐PDMA membrane remains free of absorbed water, while the underlying the PEDOT : PSS SC absorbs water, swelling and changing its neutron scattering properties.
Enantiomeric separation of some common controlled stimulants by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection
Authors: Mantim Thitirat , Nacapricha Duangjai , Wilairat Prapin , Hauser Peter C. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractCE methods with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C4D) were developed for the enantiomeric separation of the following stimulants: amphetamine (AP), methamphetamine (MA), ephedrine (EP), pseudoephedrine (PE), norephedrine (NE) and norpseudoephedrine (NPE). Acetic acid (pH 2.5 and 2.8) was found to be the optimal background electrolyte for the CE‐C4D system. The chiral selectors, carboxymethyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (CMBCD), heptakis(2,6‐di‐O‐methyl)‐β‐cyclodextrin (DMBCD) and chiral crown ether (+)‐(18‐crown‐6)‐2,3,11,12‐tetracarboxylic acid (18C6H4), were investigated for their enantioseparation properties in the BGE. The use of either a single or a combination of two chiral selectors was chosen to obtain optimal condition of enantiomeric selectivity. Enantiomeric separation of AP and MA was achieved using the single chiral selector CMBCD and (hydroxypropyl)methyl cellulose (HPMC) as the modifier. A combination of the two chiral selectors, CMBCD and DMBCD and HPMC as the modifier, was required for enantiomeric separation of EP and PE. In addition, a combination of DMBCD and 18C6H4 was successfully applied for the enantiomeric separation of NE and NPE. The detection limits of the enantiomers were found to be in the range of 2.3–5.7 μmol/L. Good precisions of migration time and peak area were obtained. The developed CE‐C4D method was successfully applied to urine samples of athletes for the identification of enantiomers of the detected stimulants.
Principles of Least Action and of Least Constraint
Authors: Ramm Ekkehard 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe present contribution describes the evolution of two major extremum principles in mechanics proposed in the 18th and the first half of the 19th century, namely the Principle of Least Action associated with the name Maupertuis and Gauss's Principle of Least Constraint. We will briefly mention the d'Alembert Principle strongly related to the Principle of Gauss (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)