bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of the exposure of sublethal dose of mosquito coil on the development of insecticide resistance in Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Ablorde Aikins , Kroidl Inge , Wieser Andreas , Kudom Andreas A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMosquito coil is commonly used in many African households for protection against mosquito bites. The coil usually has semi‐volatile pyrethroids as an active ingredient, which usually diffuse across open space, and the cloud either kills mosquitoes that are exposed, or mosquitoes can be exposed to sublethal doses of the insecticides. This study was conducted to assess the impact of sublethal doses of mosquito coil on the development of insecticide resistance in Aedes aegypti, a major vector for dengue fever and several other arboviral diseases. A laboratory colony of Ae. aegypti was exposed to sublethal doses of a meperfluthrin‐based mosquito coil in a Peet‐Grady chamber once per generation for 16 generations. The susceptibility of the exposed colony to a diagnostic dose of the mosquito coil as well as to three other insecticides was determined. Three different kdr mutations and five enzyme activities were evaluated in both the exposed and control colonies. After 16 generations of sublethal exposure to mosquito coils, the full diagnostic dose of the coil caused 68% mortality to the exposed colony compared to 100% mortality in the control colony. Mortality caused by deltamethrin (0.05%) was also significantly lower in the exposed colony. The frequency of 1016I kdr mutation as well as MFO and alpha esterase activities were higher in the exposed colony compared to the control colony. This study provides evidence of the development of pyrethroid resistance in an Ae. aegypti population due to sublethal exposure to mosquito coil for 16 generations. Given the large‐scale use of mosquito coils in many African households, its role as a pyrethroid resistance selection source should be taken into consideration when designing resistance management strategies.
A systematic review of the prevalence of chronic postsurgical pain in children
Authors: Sim Nicholle Y. W. , Chalkiadis George A. , Davidson Andrew J. , Palmer Greta M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTwo prior reviews highlight the scarcity and conflicting nature of available data on chronic postsurgical pain in children, reporting a wide prevalence range of 3.2% to 64% (at ≥3 months). This updated systematic review aimed to consolidate information on the prevalence of pediatric chronic postsurgical pain. A thorough literature search of full English‐text publications from April 2014 to August 2021 was conducted using Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, with search terms: postoperative pain, child, preschool, pediatrics, adolescent, chronic pain. Seventeen relevant studies were identified. Most assessed chronicity once greater than 3 months duration postoperatively (82%), were predominantly prospective (71%) and conducted in inpatient settings (88%). The surgeries examined included orthopedic (scoliosis and limb), urological, laparotomy, inguinal, and cardiothoracic procedures, involving numbers ranging from 36 to 750, totaling 3137 participants/2792 completers. The studies had wide variations in median age at surgery (6 days to 16 years), the percentage of female participants (unspecified or 12.5% to 90%), and follow‐up duration (2.5 months to 9 years). Various pain, functional, psychosocial, and health‐related quality of life outcomes were documented. Chronic postsurgical pain prevalence varied widely from 2% to 100%. Despite increased data, challenges persist due to heterogeneity in definitions, patient demographics, mixed versus single surgical populations, diverse perioperative analgesic interventions, follow‐up durations and reported outcomes. Interpretation is further complicated by limited information on impact, long‐term analgesia and healthcare utilization, and relatively small sample sizes, hindering the assessment of reported associations. In some cases, preoperative pain and deformity may not have been addressed by surgery and persisting pain postoperatively may then be inappropriately termed chronic postsurgical pain. Larger‐scale, procedure‐specific data to better assess current prevalence, impact, and whether modifiable factors link to negative long‐term outcomes, would be more useful and allow targeted perioperative interventions for at‐risk pediatric surgical patients.
Ethical and practical considerations of pediatric refusal in clinical anesthesia: An educational review
Authors: Haltom J. Patrick , Martin Amy S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractChildren commonly refuse induction of anesthesia. Anesthesia providers must then decide whether to honor the child's dissent or to proceed over objection. In some circumstances, a forced induction involves restraining the child, incurring both practical and ethical harms to the patient‐provider encounter. This educational review explores the practical dilemma encountered when a child dissents to induction of anesthesia. In the course of exploring this dilemma, dissent and associated terms are defined and compared, and the prominent ethical underpinnings regarding pediatric decision‐making are described to clarify dissent as an ethical and practical concept. Important legal and professional standards are summarized, and practice trends are discussed to depict the current state of practice, including novel approaches to honoring pediatric dissent for elective surgeries. This information is then used to invite providers to consider where they ethically situate themselves within a legally and professionally defined space of acceptable practice. Finally, these considerations are synthesized to discuss important nuances regarding pediatric refusal, and some key questions are presented for clinicians to ponder as they consider their practice of choosing whether to honor pediatric dissent at induction.
NAC transcription factor ATAF1 negatively modulates the PIF‐regulated hypocotyl elongation under a short‐day photoperiod
Authors: Li Taotao , Fang Ke , Tie Yu , Lu Yuxin , Lei Yuxin , Li Weijian , Zheng Ting , Yao Xiuhong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDay length modulates hypocotyl elongation in seedlings to optimize their overall fitness. Variations in cell growth‐associated genes are regulated by several transcription factors. However, the specific transcription factors through which the plant clock increases plant fitness are still being elucidated. In this study, we identified the no apical meristem, Arabidopsis thaliana‐activating factor (ATAF‐1/2), and cup‐shaped cotyledon (NAC) family transcription factor ATAF1 as a novel repressor of hypocotyl elongation under a short‐day (SD) photoperiod. Variations in day length profoundly affected the transcriptional and protein levels of ATAF1. ATAF1‐deficient mutant exhibited increased hypocotyl length and cell growth‐promoting gene expression under SD conditions. Moreover, ATAF1 directly targeted and repressed the expression of the cycling Dof factor 1/5 (CDF1/5), two key transcription factors involved in hypocotyl elongation under SD conditions. Additionally, ATAF1 interacted with and negatively modulated the effects of phytochrome‐interacting factor (PIF), thus inhibiting PIF‐promoted gene expression and hypocotyl elongation. Taken together, our results revealed ATAF1–PIF as a crucial pair modulating the expression of key transcription factors to facilitate plant growth during day/night cycles under fluctuating light conditions.
Intergenerational connections: Skipped generation family contact during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Stephan Abigail T. , McKown Georgia L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the association between the perceived impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on skipped generation familial connections and subjective well‐being among grandchildren and grandparents across the United States. Guided by Walsh's family resilience model, this convergent mixed methods study drew on the survey responses of unrelated adolescent and young adult grandchildren (n = 66) and grandparents (n = 40). Correlational analyses revealed a significant association between perceived impact of COVID‐19 on one's skipped generation family relationships and subjective well‐being for grandchildren but not grandparents. The qualitative results demonstrate both a breakdown and build‐up of processes essential for family resilience: communication, organization, and belief systems. Together, these findings demonstrate the effects of COVID‐19 on skipped generation family relationships are complex, with ties between family members in younger and older generations being simultaneously strengthened and eroded. This study builds on our understanding of intergenerational familial contact when physical separation is present, allowing for more informed decisions as the effects of COVID‐19 on individuals, family systems, and relationships between family members—as well as geographic separation between generations more broadly—continue to evolve.
A general modeling scheme for spatiotemporal DGGS with emphasis on encoding and operating multiscale time grids
Authors: Zhou Jianbin , Ben Jin , Liang Qishuang , Huang Xinhai , Ding Junjie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOne of the basic scientific problems concerning geographic information science is how to rapidly organize, query, and compute spatiotemporal big data. The spatiotemporal discrete global grid system (DGGS) provides a homogenized discrete structure for processing multiscale and multitype spatiotemporal data. To date, most research in spatiotemporal DGGS has focused on spatial discretization while neglecting temporal discretization. Here, we propose a general modeling scheme for spatiotemporal DGGS with emphasis on encoding and operating multiscale time grids. We subdivide continuous time into multiscale temporal grids, which are then encoded as integers. Moreover, we designed integer code operations, including hierarchical traversal, neighborhood finding, and temporal relationship calculations. Compared to the multiscale time segment integer coding (MTSIC) approach, the proposed method resulted in 22% higher encoding efficiency, 10.92 times faster decoding, 2.81 times better parent code finding efficiency, 41% improved efficiency, 100% accuracy in finding children codes (compared to less than 100% with MTSIC), and a 62% enhancement in temporal relationship calculation efficiency. The application of querying spatiotemporal trajectory data validates the feasibility and practicality of substituting conventional string‐based time and floating‐point location coordinates with spatiotemporal integer codes to query data. The time encoding and operation methods proposed here indicate high efficiency, superior accuracy, and broad application prospects.
Anti‐monkeypox virus‐neutralizing activities of human immunoglobulin manufactured between 1999 and 2021 and derived from donors in the United States and Japan
Authors: Yunoki Mikihiro , Kubota‐Koketsu Ritsuko , Shioda Tatsuo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesIn May 2022, the United Kingdom reported the first case of chained transmission of the monkeypox (mpox) virus without any known epidemiological links to west or central Africa. The monthly number of mpox patients currently has passed a peak and is declining globally, and infected patients include both non‐vaccinated and vaccinated individuals. Herein, the virus‐neutralizing (VN) activity against vaccinia viruses, which are considered to cross‐react with the mpox virus, in the intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) lots derived from donors, including vaccinated Japanese populations, was evaluated to clarify the status of the Japanese blood donor population.Materials and MethodsVN titres against vaccinia and human mpox viruses in IVIG lots derived from donors in Japan and the United States manufactured between 1999 and 2021 and 1995 and 2001, respectively, were evaluated by neutralization testing.ResultsVN titres of IVIG derived from donors in Japan and the United States against vaccinia and mpox viruses showed a slowly decreasing trend between 1999 and 2021.ConclusionVN titres are expected to decrease in the future since the percentage of vaccinated donors in the donor population seems to have decreased. Therefore, continuous monitoring of VN titres is required.
Surgical treatment of headshaking by removal of a paracondylar process fragment via modified hyovertebrotomy approach: A detailed anatomical and surgical description in an adult horse
Authors: Spiesshofer Pius , Hawkins Alex E. , Berner Dagmar , Previdelli Renato L. , Fiske‐Jackson Andrew R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo describe, in detail, the relevant anatomy and surgical approach to access the paracondylar process (PCP) and report its application in a clinical case of headshaking.AnimalA seven‐year‐old, mixed breed mare.Study designExperimental study/case report.MethodsA seven‐year‐old mixed breed mare was presented for investigation of acute onset progressing violent headshaking, resulting in the horse falling on multiple occasions. The horse was highly reactive to palpation over the right PCP. Standing computed tomographic (CT) investigation and ultrasonographic examination of the head detected a fracture of the right PCP. Five equine heads of mixed breeds and sizes were dissected to demonstrate the relevant anatomy surrounding the PCP with regard to surgical access. A modified hyovertebrotomy approach was used to remove the fracture fragment under general anesthesia.ResultsThe anatomy surrounding the PCP was described. The fragment was successfully removed resulting in gradual resolution of clinical signs. The horse recovered well postoperatively and was back into light levels of work with no signs of headshaking present two and a half years following surgery.ConclusionThe caudal meningeal artery and vein as well as the glossopharyngeal and hypoglossal nerves are adjacent to the PCP and must be avoided during dissections. The modified hyovertebrotomy approach allows safe surgical access to the PCP. Surgical excision of a PCP fragment can result in complete resolution of clinical signs of headshaking. Computed tomography and ultrasonography are valuable diagnostic tools to identify a fracture of the PCP.
Long-term outcomes after acute primary angle closure: case series from Moorfields Eye Hospital, UK
Authors: Hamid Sana , Matarazzo Francesco , Sun Zihan , Baboolal Sandika , Muhundhakumar Dhakshi , Foster Paul J 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundThere is limited data regarding the morbidity and progression to primary angle closure glaucoma in those presenting with acute primary angle closure (APAC) in the UK. We aim to report on the vision and intraocular pressure (IOP) outcomes and treatment required after an APAC episode and to identify any risk factors that could predict worse outcomes.MethodsA retrospective observational case series review including 117 consecutive patients (121 eyes) attending Moorfields Eye Hospital, at a tertiary referral unit in the UK, with APAC was performed.ResultsMost patients (73%) had visual acuities of ≥6/12, meeting the UK driving standard, at the final follow-up. Only 15% (17 eyes) had severe visual impairment, as defined by the WHO, in the affected eye, of which 6.6% (eight eyes) were due to glaucoma. The delayed presentation was linked to a higher need for further medical treatment (OR=2.83, 95% CI 1.09 to 7.40, p=0.03). Patients who underwent phacoemulsification were at lower risk of having blindness in the affected eye (OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.69, p=0.01), having elevated IOP (OR 0.10, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.75, p=0.02) or requiring further medical treatment (OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.99, p=0.04). Older age (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.48, p<0.01) was associated with worse visual outcomes.ConclusionsAPAC causes low long-term visual and treatment morbidity in this largely Caucasian patient group in the UK. Phacoemulsification as a treatment may enhance visual outcomes and reduce the need for further IOP-lowering treatment.
P055 Using the electronic patient record to support capacity planning by linking need to level of service
Authors: Spelman Kez , Hughs Taylor 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionPlanning service capacity is key to ensuring that sexual health services continue to be functional and sustainable. We have reviewed and categorised data recorded in our electronic records system and by categorising activity and then identifying appropriate staff level associated with that activity we can more effectively plan capacity.MethodsWe established agreement about service activity and assigned these activities to the categories of: integrated sexual health 1 and 2, integrated sexual health 3, online and telephone. Using 2016/17 quarter 2 and 3 data we grouped individual attendance records to these categories. Our analysis, based on a combination of item of service, SHHAPT coding and prescription, allowed us to robustly assign attendance to category. This was then compared with the level of care and access clients actually received in terms of staff level, and the variations showing the potential for shift across levels was established. We then audited at patient record level to provide assurance about assumptions made in the categorisation process.ResultsThe results indicated that a significant percentage of clients currently being seen in a face to face setting are appropriate for online and telephone consultations. We further identified a number of clients seeing doctors who were appropriate to be seen by nurses, indicating further shift potential.DiscussionThis approach informs service capacity plans and drives efficiency. The potential for capacity release is tangible and can be applied to other service requirements such as training and service development. We are developing a dashboard system for responsive monitoring.
P089 PJP diagnosis in the haart & PCR era
Authors: McCorry Louise , Coyle Peter , Walker Eoin , Todd Suzanne , Bell Laura , Megarity Stephen , Kinghan Emma , Hunter Michael 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionIn the HAART era, Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia (PJP) continues to be a major opportunistic infection. PJ PCR is increasingly available to support the diagnosis of PJP. A ‘low level’ PCR result may represent PJ colonisation or a poor-quality specimen. Upper airway samples such as throat swabs (T/S) are also more likely to yield a negative or low level positive.MethodRetrospective review of all HIV-infected adults with respiratory tract PCR-confirmed PJP and pneumonia over an 18 month period. Demographics, clinical features, management, clinical outcome and laboratory parameters were recorded.Results4/12 patients had negative T/S PJP PCR test before the diagnosis was confirmed. The mean cycle threshold (CT) value for throat swabs was34.04. The mean CT value for sputum was32.05.DiscussionPJP PCR is a useful investigation. PCR will detect more cases than traditional tests (direct organism visualisation). This leads to earlier PJP treatment and earlier screening for HIV. While there is a trend towards lower CT value results in sputum when compared with throat swabs, any positive PJP result should trigger the offer of a HIV test. Patients with a negative URT PCR and clinical suspicion of PJP should receive empiric treatment and where appropriate proceed to BAL, as per national guidance.Abstract P089 Table 1Patients with PJP (in order of immunosuppression)Age at HIV diagnosis, gender, behavioural riskCategoryCD4+ count at PJP diagnosis, PJP severityPJP test 1(Ct value, site)PJP test 2 (Ct value, site)Clinical outcomeKnown HIV39/M/IDUOn ART for 4 weeks, not on PJP prophylaxis200, mild37.0, TSn/aSurvived38/M/MSMDefaulted from care, not on ART10, severeNeg., TS32.5, TSICU care, survivedMissed opportunity to diagnose HIV53/M/MSMUnexplained diarrhoea and weight loss70, severe30.0, SPU26.2, SPUICU care, deceased43/F/heterosexualUnexplained lymphadenopathy and weight loss50, severe26.4, SPUNeg., TSReadmitted with hypoxia, survived32/F/heterosexualCampylobacter gastroenteritis50, severe36.4, TS25.3, SPUICU care, survived56/M/unknown–30, severeNeg., TS31.5, SPUICU care, deceased39/M/heterosexualUnexplained weight loss20, mildNeg., TS25.0, SPUSurvived62/M/MSMUnexplained weight loss20, mild26.0, BALn/aSurvived55/M/MSMBacterial pneumonia20, mild33.0, SPUn/aSurvived52/M/heterosexual–10, severe30.3, SPU34.9, SPUICU care, survived57/M/MSMUnexplained weight loss10, severe39.0, SPUn/aICU care, survived52/M/heterosexualChronic diarrhoea, bacterial pneumonia0, severeNeg., SPU28.0, SPUICU care, hypoxia requiring long-term home-O2Note-BALbroncho-alveolar lavage;F: female;M: male;ICU: intensive care unit;IDU: intravenous drug user;MSM men who have sex with men;n/a: not available;Neg.: PCR not detected;SPU: sputum,TS: throat swabPJP severity(‘mild’: mild-moderate, or ‘severe’: moderate-severe, by BHIVA criteria)
P091 New hiv diagnoses among women in a large teaching hospital
Authors: Walker Eoin , Quah Say , McCarty Emma , Dinsmore Wallace , Donnelly Claire , Emerson Carol 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionIn 2014 there were an estimated 103,700 people living with HIV (PLHIV) in the UK, approximately one third were women. In 2015 there were 965 PLHIV in our cohort, 215 were women. There are few data available on HAART in women, other than in pregnancy. Socio-economic and cultural factors may also affect their ability to access care. Other factors affecting women include contraception, conception and pregnancy.MethodsA retrospective chart analysis was carried out on all new diagnoses among women over a 3-year period, from April 2013 to April 2016. Patients who had previously been diagnosed elsewhere were excluded.ResultsThere were 286 new diagnoses of HIV in this period; 44 (15%) were women. 41% of patients were local, 39% were of African origin. 57% of patients were diagnosed late, having CD4 <350 at diagnosis. 8 patients were pregnant; there were no vertical transmissions. Existing children were tested were possible; no positive diagnoses were made. A number of male partners were diagnosed through partner notification. The majority of patients commenced HAART and reported good adherence.DiscussionWomen make up a significant proportion of PLHIV, though rates in our region are lower than in the rest of the UK. The majority of positive women in the UK are of black African origin, though in our cohort a higher proportion were born locally. Many of these women are diagnosed late, and with no identifiable traditional risk factors. There are a number of important gender-specific factors associated with HIV-positive women and these should not be underappreciated.