bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in populations of Red-legged Kittiwake Rissa brevirostris, a Bering Sea endemic
Authors: Byrd G. Vernon , Williams Jeffrey C. , Artukhin Yuri B. , Vyatkin Peter S. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe Red-legged Kittiwake Rissa brevirostris is a small gull which is restricted to four breeding locations, all in the Bering Sea (Pribilof Islands, Bogoslof Island, Buldir Island, and the Commander Islands). In the mid-1970s, when the earliest counts were made at most sites, approximately 260,000 birds were present at breeding colonies. Subsequent counts indicated that populations at Bogoslof and Buldir had increased by the early 1990s. Data for the Commander Islands were inadequate to make strong conclusions about trends but there were no indications of substantial change between the 1970s and 1990s. In contrast, Red-legged Kittiwakes have declined in the Pribilof Islands by approximately 50% since the mid-1970s, a matter of concern because this island group once contained more than 80% of the world's population. Research is needed to determine causes for declines in Red-legged Kittiwakes and population monitoring should continue to provide a basis for conservation measures.
Status and conservation of Magellanic PenguinsSpheniscus magellanicusin Patagonia, Argentina
Authors: Gandini Patricia , Frere Esteban , Boersma P. Dee 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThere are 36 breeding colonies of Magellanic PenguinsSpheniscus magellanicusalong the coast of mainland Argentina. During the breeding period we counted the number of active nests and estimated the breeding population was approximately 652,000 pairs. Development of coastal areas is diminishing the quality of Magellanic Penguin breeding habitat and reducing penguin reproductive success. Adult mortality rates are increasing because of human activities. Maritime petroleum traffic and petroleum operations are known to cause mortality. Fishing activities cause incidental mortality and may negatively affect penguin foraging and reproductive success. In some areas, offal is increasing gull populations with a corresponding increase in predation on penguin eggs and chicks, thereby lowering reproductive success. These sources of mortality are relatively recent and are human caused. We found three areas where human activities are of particular concern: Península Valdés, Golfo San Jorge and Estrecho de Magallanes. Human impacts on Magellanic Penguin populations could be reduced, benefiting the tourist industry where yearly tens of thousands of people come to the provinces of Chubut and Santa Cruz to visit penguin colonies.Existen 36 colonias de pingüino de MagallanesSpheniscus magellanicusa lo largo de la costa Argentina. La población reproductiva se estimó en 652,000 parejas realizando un conteo de nidos activos durante la estación reproductiva. El desarrollo de las áreas costeras está reduciendo la calidad del hábitat de reproducción y el éxito reproductivo del pingüino de Magallanes. El tráfico de petróleo y las actividades relacionadas son conocidas causas de mortalidad. Las actividades pesqueras están causando mortalidad incidental y pueden estar afectando negativamente el éxito de alimentatión y reproductivo. En algunas áreas la basura está contribuyendo al aumento de la población de gaviotas, incrementándose la predación sobre huevos y pichones de pingüino reduciendo su éxito reproductivo. Estas fuentes de mortalidad son relativamente recientes y provocadas por el hombre. Hemos detectado tres áreas donde la mortalidad relacionada con actividades humanas es preocupante: Península Valdés, Golfo San Jorge y Estrecho de Magallanes. El impacto humano sobre la población de pingüino de Magallanes podría reducirse y beneficiar la industria turística de las provincias de Chubut y Santa Cruz, donde anualmente decenas de miles de personas visitan las colonias reproductivas del pingüino.
Conservation status and vocal and morphological description of the Grand Comoro Scops Owl Otus pauliani Benson 1960
Authors: Herremans M. , Louette M. , Stevens J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe Grand Comoro Scops Owl Otus pauliani, confined to forest on Mount Karthala on Grand Comoro, Indian Ocean, is a distinct species based on the evidence of its plumage and voice. In November 1989 studies of territorial calling birds at night revealed its presence between 1,000 and 1,900 m on the north, west and south flanks of the volcano, on which there exists some 10,000 ha of suitable habitat. As territory sizes may be only 5 ha, the population could well be over 1,000 pairs but, although this is encouraging, there remains a long-term threat from forest loss through habitat fragmentation (fires, logging) and the spread of the Indian Myna Acridotheres tristis.
The status and current distribution of the Crested Argus Rheinardia ocellata nigrescens in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Mamat Ismail HJ. , Yasak Mohd Nawayai 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe Crested Argus Rheinardia ocellata nigrescens is endemic to Peninsular Malaysia and is threatened with extinction. It is known from elevations above 600 m and is limited to a few mountain ranges in Peninsular Malaysia. First described in 1902, this subspecies was only known from Gunung Tahan and Gunung Rabung for many years. Recent surveys have added several new sites: Gunung Mandi Angin and Gunung Gagau, Gunung Penumpu and Camp Kor. All known sites are in Taman Negara National Park.
Conservation status of the Sichuan Hill-partridge Arborophila rufipectus in China
Authors: Bo Dai , Dowell Simon D. , Martins Rodney P. , Williams Robert S. R. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe critically endangered Sichuan Hill-partridge Arborophila rufipectus occupies a restricted range in south-central China. Field surveys within this range were undertaken using line transects in 1996 and 1997. Calling males were recorded from nine subtropical forest tracts within an area totalling 1,793 km2 and consisting of primary, natural secondary and replanted broadleaf forest between 1,100 and 2,235 m elevation. The only sightings obtained were in primary forest. The mean density of calling males estimated from data collected during transect surveys was 0.48 ± 0.06 and 0.24 ± 0.16 calling birds km−2 in 1996 and 1997 respectively. There was no difference in density estimates for calling males between primary forest and secondary/replanted broadleaf forest. The principal threat to the continued survival of the species is clear-felling of primary forest, but clear-felled areas are often replanted with native broadleaf trees and records of Sichuan Hill-partridge calls in such plantations offers hope for its future survival. Forest management should be modified to make forestry practices more sympathetic to the conservation of the Sichuan Hill-partridge.
Status and distribution of White-winged Black Tit Parus nuchalis in Kachchh, Gujarat, India
Authors: Hussain S. A. , Akhtar S. Asad , Tiwari J. K. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe White-winged Black Tit Parus nuchalis is an endemic Indian species threatened by the destruction of its Acacia scrub forest habitat. Historical and recent unpublished records are here combined to provide a new assessment of its disjunct range. Only three records exist from its southern area of distribution; against this, there were 27 sightings of up to four individuals between 1976 and 1991 at 14 localities in Kachchh. The species urgently needs measures to preserve its habitat, and particularly its nest trees.
The effects of human disturbance on Magellanic PenguinSpheniscus magellanicusbehaviour and breeding success
Authors: Yorio Pablo , Boersma P. Dee 
Published: May 2010

SummaryMagellanic PenguinsSpheniscus magellanicusalong the Patagonian coast, Argentina, are increasingly exposed to human activities, especially to a growing tourist industry. We quantified the effects of human visitation and disturbance on the behaviour and breeding of Magellanic Penguins. Nesting penguins differed in their response to human approach, allowing a significantly closer approach before responding with threat and defensive displays in the tourist area than in areas rarely visited by people. When approached during incubation, no penguins abandoned their nest. Breeding success and fledgling weights were similar in the tourist area and non-tourist areas. Magellanic Penguins appear to be tolerant of human visitation, and penguins breeding in the tourist area become accustomed to people walking among their nests. We suggest visitation may be compatible with penguin reproduction if visits are controlled.El Pingüino de MagallanesSpheniscus magellanicusde las costas patagónicas de la Argentina, esta expuesto a las crecientes actividades humanas, especialmente el aumento de la demanda turistica. Se han cuantificado los efectos de las visitas y molestias del hombre en el comportamiento y reproducción de la especie. Los pingüinos mostraron diferencias en su respuesta frent a la proximidad humana, permitiendo un acercamiento signifi-cativamente mayor antes de responder con actitudes defensivas en áreas frecuentadas por los turistas en comparicion con aquellas rara vez visitadas. La proximidad humana durante la época de incubación no supuso en ninguna ocasión el abandono de nidos. El éxito reproductive y los pesos de los jóvenes al abandonar el nido resultaron similares en a l zona turística y en la menos frecuentada. El Pingüino de Magallanes parece tolerar la presencia del hombre, y aquellos que nidifican en el área turistica se habitúan a los visitantes que caminan entre sus nidos. Sugerimos que las visitas pueden ser compatibles con la reproducción de la especie siempre y cuando las mismas estén controladas.
Status of the Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos in Europe
Authors: Watson J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryPopulation estimates (number of breeding pairs) of Golden Eagles Aquila chrysaetos are given for most countries in Europe based on recent published accounts. Where published data are not available information is from local raptor specialists. The “best estimate” of the contemporary European population is 5,600 pairs ± 5%. The largest numbers are in Spain (c. 1,200 pairs) with Norway, European Russia, Scotland and Sweden each holding over 300 pairs. Information on trends reveals that most substantial populations (> 200 pairs) are stable; decreases are reported from some Baltic countries and in parts of southeast Europe. The total population is also shown for five biogeographic regions across Europe. In some cases, such “regions” may be more appropriate for the formulation of conservation priorities and policies than are the biologically artificial units defined by national boundaries.Des estimations des populations (nombre de couples nicheurs) d'Aigles royaux basées sur des publications récentes sont présentées pour la plupart des pays d'Europe. Là où les publications font défaut, des informations ont été requises apurès de spécialistes locaux. La population européene actuelle est estimée à 5,600 couples ± 5%. Les populations les plus fortes, soit plus de 300 couples, se trouvent en Espagne (env. 1,200 couples), Norvege, Russie européene, Ecosse et Suède. Les informations sur les tendances des fluctuations indiquent que la plupart des grandes populations (plus de 200 couples) sont stables; un déclin a été constaté chez certaines populations de l'est de la Baltique et du sudest de l'Europe. La population totale est aussi indiquée pour cinq régions biogéographiques qui peuvent s'avérer plus adéquates que les pays avec leurs frontières artifi-cielles pour la formulation de priorités et d'une politique pour la conservation de l'espèce.
The threatened birds of Ambatovaky Special Reserve, Madagascar
Authors: Thompson P. M. , Evans M. I. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryAmbatovaky Special Reserve was created in 1956 and is the largest lowland rainforest reserve in Madagascar, comprising more than half of the total area of this habitat represented in the country's protected area system, yet there are no measures in place actively to protect it, due to its remoteness and a lack of funds. This study in February-March 1990, part of the first faunal survey to be undertaken in the reserve, found seven threatened, five near-threatened and two other localized bird species. In itself this would make the reserve an important site for conservation. However, three of the finds are of particular note: Ambatovaky is one of only two known sites for the Red-tailed Newtonia Newtonia fanovanae which was rediscovered in 1989; a dead Madagascar Serpent-eagle Eutriorchis astur was found - the first specimen since 1930 of one of the world's rarest raptors; and the White-breasted Mesite Mesitornis variegata was discovered in rainforest where Brown Mesite M. unicolor was also present, this being the only known case of sympatry within the endemic Mesitornithidae family. Shifting cultivation threatens the habitat of all these species and an integrated plan for conservation and sustainable development for the local people is urgently needed.La Réserve Spéciale d'Ambatovaky a été crée en 1956 et représente la plus grande réserve de forêt pluviale à basse altitude de Madagascar. Elle couvre plus de la moitié de la superficie totale de cet habitat, intégrée au système de zones protégées du pays. Pourtant, à cause de l'isolement géographique et du manque de ressources financières, aucune mesure de protection active n'a pu être encore mise en place. Cette étude accom-plie en février-mars 1990, et faisant partie de la première recherche menée sur la faune de cette réserve, a permis de découvrir sept espéces d'oiseaux menacées, cinq especes presque menacees et deux espèces locales. En soi, cela suffirait pour dormer à cette réserve le statut de site important pour la conservation. Cependant, trois de ces decouvertes méritent une attention particulière: Ambatovaky est l'un des deux seuls sites connus abritant la Newtonia fanovanae qui a été redécouverte en 1989; un aigle-autour de Madagascar, l'Eutriorchis astur a été trouvé mort - le premier spécimen depuis 1930 de l'un des rapaces les plus rares au monde; et le Mesitornis variegata, découvert dans la forêt pluviale où le Mesitornis unicolor éiait également présent, ceci représentant le seul cas connu de sympatrie à l'intérieur de la famille endémique des Mesitornithidae. L'exten-sion des cultures agricoles menace l'habitat de toutes ces espèces, et il est urgent d'établir un plan de conservation et de développement pour la population locale compatible avec l a conservation des ressources naturelles.
Future prospects for Nearctic migrants wintering in Caribbean forests
Authors: Wunderle Joseph M. , Waide Robert B. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryWintering Nearctic migrants constitute a high proportion of the birds present in many terrestrial habitats in the Bahamas and Greater Antilles, but their proportions decline southward through the Lesser Antilles. Many migrants winter on densely populated islands which have been extensively deforested. Current estimates show that only 21% of the land area, or approximately five million hectares, remain in forest on Caribbean and Bahamian islands, indicating that most of the major deforestation has already occurred. Although reforestation is under way on a few islands, many remnant forest fragments are threatened by humans or natural disturbances such as drought or hurricanes. Thus wintering migrants requiring closed-canopy forest are at greatest risk to habitat loss, whereas species requiring early successional habitats are not currently threatened, assuming that pesticide use does not increase. Policies which protect forests, particularly mangroves, wet limestone and montane broadleaf forests in the Greater Antilles, and broadleaf scrub (“coppice”) in the Bahamas, will be beneficial to migrants and endemic species.
A survey of the Annamese Lowlands, Vietnam, and its implications for the conservation of Vietnamese and Imperial PheasantsLophura hatinhensisandL. imperialis
Authors: Eames Jonathan C. , Lambert Frank R. , Cu Nguyen 
Published: May 2010

SummaryDuring June and July 1994, five sites in the Annamese Lowlands Endemic Bird Area weresurveyed for restricted-range and globally threatened birds, with the ultimate aim of identifying a suitable area for protected area establishment to safeguard populations of endemicLophurapheasants. Vietnamese PheasantL. hatinhensiswas found at twosites situated less than 10 km apart, although only regularly encountered in one area, the Net River watershed, Quang Binh province. No conclusive evidence was found of the existence of Imperial PheasantL. imperialisat any site, although it almost certainly also occurs in the Net River watershed or close by. Where they occur, logging and hunting pose the most serious threats to the long-term survival of these endemic pheasants. Although previously believed to be largely confined to forest in flatter areas, evidence collected during the surveys suggests thatL. hatinhensisis commonest on ridgetops and slopes in areas with relatively undisturbed, closed-canopy forest. Hence, a major recommendation of this study is that conservation areas for this species should include the maximum extent possible of closed-canopy or lightly logged forest that includes hilly terrain as well as lower-lying, flat areas. The most appropriate area for designation as a protected area was identified as forest in the Net River watershed. It is recommended that a full feasibility study for the establishment of such an area be undertaken as a priority, and that meanwhile a moratorium on legal logging activities and efforts to curtail illegal logging and hunting be implemented by Vietnam's Ministry of Forestry.
The Maleo Macrocephalon maleo: new information on the distribution and status of Sulawesi's endemic megapode
Authors: Argeloo M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe Maleo Conservation Project Phase II surveyed the distribution and status of Maleonesting grounds in and around Dumoga-Bone National Park in North Sulawesi, Indonesia, in 1990–1991. The number of known nesting grounds is now 83, 35 inland and 48 coastal, while 18 sites require confirmation. Most sites along this coast are now abandoned or severely threatened (many now being cut off from adjacent forest), and the population there is estimated at only 335–740 pairs. The region's inland nesting grounds, used by putatively 2,000 pairs, are also increasingly threatened, notably through egg exploitation. An average of 5·45 birds per day visited one inland nesting ground, Tambun, over a 10-month period, indicating usage by 160 pairs altogether.
Status of the Polynesian Megapode Megapodius pritchardii on Niuafo'ou (Tonga)
Authors: Göth Ann , Vogel Uwe 
Published: May 2010

SummaryFrom October 1991 to January 1993, the Polynesian Megapode or Malau Megapodius pritchardii on the island Niuafo'ou, Kingdom of Tonga, was studied as part of a conservation project. The reproductive population was estimated at 188–235 pairs. Owing to an apparent lack of juveniles, the total population is not expected to be much larger. Compared to previous assessments this estimate gives evidence for a serious decline, but the methodologies used in all estimates differ considerably. However, a decline is also indicated by the fact that two of the 11 communal nesting grounds have been abandoned since 1979, while no new sites have been reported. Additionally, the Malau has disappeared from the vicinity of villages during the last 15 years. On a cat-free and undisturbed islet in the crater lake the density of Malaus is 1.29 pairs per ha. In other areas, where access for humans, dogs and cats was easy, the density of the Malau was only 0.16 pairs per ha. The main reason for the decline isover-harvesting of eggs by the local people. Habitat destruction or degradation are not responsible, and rats and domestic pigs seem to have no negative influence.
The Rufous-throated Dipper Cinclus schulzi on rivers in north-west Argentina and southern Bolivia
Authors: Tyler Stephanie J. , Tyler L. 
Published: May 2010

SummarySurveys of river birds were made in north-west Argentina in October 1993 and in southern Bolivia in December 1994. Data were collected on foraging behaviour, breeding biology and breeding abundances of the Rufous-throated Dipper Cinclus schulzi (a threatened species) on three river systems in Tucumán and Jujuy provinces in Argentina and on two river systems in Tarija department in Bolivia. Rufous-throated Dippers foraged from wetted rocks and when standing in water in riffles and on the edges of cascades and waterfalls; swimming or diving was not observed. Five nests were found in Argentina, two of which were incomplete. One had a clutch of two eggs and another contained two well-grown, feathered nestlings; the fifth was inaccessible. These records indicate that breeding starts early in the Argentinian spring. Nests of adjacent pairs of Rufous-throated Dippers were from c.650–1,200 m apart. Juvenile plumage resembles that of the adult. Some information is provided on the biometrics of seven birds caught in mist-nets, and on vocalizations and on the relative abundance of dippers, Torrent Ducks Merganetta armata and two species of Cinclodes. Possible threats to rivers within the range of the Rufous-throated Dipper include reservoir construction, hydroelectric and irrigation schemes, eutrophication, deforestation and stock-grazing. Pollution, reduced flows and river channel modification are more prevalent at lower altitudes below the breeding range of the Rufous-throated Dipper.
Trapping and shooting of Corncrakes Crex crex on the Mediterranean coast of Egypt
Authors: Baha el Din S. M. , Salama W. , Grieve A. , Green R. E. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryFieldworkers counted traps, guns and nets used for bird trapping in sample sections of a 1 km wide strip of land adjacent to the shore on the Mediterranean coast of Egypt in the autumn of 1994. These data were used to estimate the number of traps, guns and nets in use in the whole 1 km coastal strip. Information obtained by interviewing bird trappers was used to estimate the number of Corncrakes taken per trap, net and gun in the 1993 and 1994 seasons and from this the total number taken was about 9,000 and 14,000 respectively. Trapping methods and intensity varied with locality but the taking of Corncrakes was widespread. It was estimated that about 9,000 people were involved in trapping and shooting in the coastal strip. The average proportion of the European Corncrake population taken per year on the coast was estimated to be in the range 0.5–2.7%, though this range would be lower if, as seems probable, Corncrakes from Asia are among those passing through Egypt. Further surveys are required to estimate the numbers of Corncrakes taken further inland.