bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulatory B Cells (B10 Cells) and Regulatory T Cells Have Independent Roles in Controlling Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Initiation and Late-Phase Immunopathogenesis
Authors: Matsushita Takashi , Horikawa Mayuka , Iwata Yohei , Tedder Thomas F. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a T lymphocyte-mediated autoimmune disease of the CNS. Significant roles for B cells and a rare IL-10–producing CD1dhighCD5+ regulatory B cell subset (B10 cells) have been identified during the initiation and progression of EAE. Whether and how the regulatory functions of B10 cells and FoxP3+ T regulatory cells (Tregs) overlap or influence EAE immunopathogenesis independently has remained unanswered. This study demonstrates that the number of endogenous or adoptively transferred B10 cells directly influenced EAE pathogenesis through their production of IL-10. B10 cell numbers expanded quickly within the spleen, but not CNS following myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein35–55 immunization, which paralleled B10 cell regulation of disease initiation. The adoptive transfer of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein33–35-sensitized B10 cells into wild-type mice reduced EAE initiation dramatically. However, B10 cells did not suppress ongoing EAE disease. Rather, Treg numbers expanded significantly within the CNS during disease progression, which paralleled their negative regulation of late-phase disease. Likewise, the preferential depletion of B10 cells in vivo during disease initiation enhanced EAE pathogenesis, whereas Treg depletion enhanced late-phase disease. B10 cells did not regulate T cell proliferation during in vitro assays, but significantly altered CD4+ T cell IFN-γ and TNF-α production. Furthermore, B10 cells downregulated the ability of dendritic cells to act as APCs and thereby indirectly modulated T cell proliferation. Thus, B10 cells predominantly control disease initiation, whereas Tregs reciprocally inhibit late-phase disease, with overlapping B10 cell and Treg functions shaping the normal course of EAE immunopathogenesis.
Clonal Repertoires of Virus-Specific CD8+ T Lymphocytes Are Shared in Mucosal and Systemic Compartments during Chronic Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Rhesus Monkeys
Authors: Sircar Piya , Furr Kathryn L. , Dorosh Lauren A. , Letvin Norman L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBecause it is thought that mucosal tissues play a fundamental role in early HIV/SIV infection, it is crucial to understand the virus-specific responses in mucosal tissues to facilitate devising strategies to prevent and control these infections. We have employed TCR repertoire analyses to define the clonal composition of a dominant SIV epitope-specific CD8+ T cell population in mucosal and systemic compartments of SIV-infected rhesus monkeys during both acute and chronic infection. We show that the CD8+ T cell repertoire in mucosal tissues of uninfected rhesus monkeys is oligoclonal, whereas the CD8+ T cell repertoire in blood is polyclonal. Early postinfection, the SIV-specific CD8+ T cell clonal repertoire is distinct in mucosal compartments and peripheral blood. However, we observed a narrowing of the virus-specific CD8+ T cell clonal repertoire in all sampled anatomic compartments as infection progressed from acute to chronic, and there was comparable clonal diversity in all anatomic compartments. We showed during chronic infection that the same clonal populations of virus-specific CD8+ T cells are present in all compartments. These data indicate that the SIV-specific CD8+ T cells in systemic and mucosal sites have a shared clonal origin and are, therefore, capable of both responding to infection in the systemic circulation and trafficking to mucosal tissues.
Validity Evidence for the Child Occupational Self Assessment
Authors: Kramer Jessica M. , Kielhofner Gary , Smith Everett V. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
To ensure that researchers and practitioners make valid interpretations from children’s self-reports, evidence must demonstrate that the self-report has appropriate psychometric properties. The Child Occupational Self Assessment (COSA) is a self-report of occupational competence and value for everyday activities designed to involve children in identifying goals and assessing outcomes. Five hundred two children with disabilities, ages 6–17, completed the COSA. We used a Rasch Partial Credit model and parametric and nonparametric statistics to obtain validity evidence. Evidence suggests that the COSA has good content, structural, and substantive validity as given by item and child fit statistics and unidimensionality evaluation. Evidence for external validity was mixed because child fit status and measures varied with some demographic and assessment administration variables. Evidence suggests that most children’s responses to the COSA can be validly interpreted as indicators of occupational competence and value for everyday activities.
Pilot Study to Examine the Use of Self-Generation to Improve Learning and Memory in People With Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Goverover Yael , Chiaravalloti Nancy , DeLuca John 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPeople with traumatic brain injury (TBI) experience memory and learning difficulties. Difficulty in the initial acquisition of information is a primary reason people with TBI experience difficulties in learning and memory. Treatment focusing on improving the acquisition of information will likely improve both recall and recognition performance. In the “generation effect,” items self-generated are remembered better than items read or otherwise provided. The purpose of this study was to examine the application of the generation effect in improving memory for functional activities. The study used a within-subjects design and included 10 participants with TBI and 15 healthy control participants. Results demonstrated that material learned under the generated learning conditions was recalled better than when generated under provided learning conditions. This finding was true in both the TBI and the control groups. These results provide initial evidence supporting the use of self-generation to improve new learning of functional tasks for people with TBI.
Interrater and Intrarater Reliability of Finger Goniometric Measurements
Authors: Lewis Erika , Fors Lynn , Tharion William J. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Intrarater and interrater reliability were determined for middle finger range of motion (ROM) using the Rolyan finger goniometer. Seven raters measured ROM 3 times (trials) on 20 healthy adults. Intraclass reliability analysis and analysis of variance was used to assess the consistency and stability of measures. Level of significance was set at p ≤ .05. Significant differences (p &lt; .05) existed between raters for metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal, and distal interphalangeal active finger ROM measurements and for metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal passive range of motion. Intrarater reliability ranged from .43 to .99 (single measure intraclass coefficient). Interrater reliability ranged from .24 to .95, with passive measures lower than active measures. These results provide clinicians with evidence for using this specific goniometer and issues associated with various therapists assessing finger ROM.
Automatic segmentation of dura for quantitative analysis of lumbar stenosis: A deep learning study with 518 CT myelograms
Authors: Fan Guoxin , Li Yufeng , Wang Dongdong , Zhang Jianjin , Du Xiaokang , Liu Huaqing , Liao Xiang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe diagnosis of lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) can be challenging because radicular pain is not often present in the culprit‐level localization. Accurate segmentation and quantitative analysis of the lumbar dura on radiographic images are key to the accurate differential diagnosis of LSS. The aim of this study is to develop an automatic dura‐contouring tool for radiographic quantification on computed tomography myelogram (CTM) for patients with LSS.MethodsA total of 518 CTM cases with or without lumbar stenosis were included in this study. A deep learning (DL) segmentation algorithm 3‐dimensional (3D) U‐Net was deployed. A total of 210 labeled cases were used to develop the dura‐contouring tool, with the ratio of the training, independent testing, and external validation datasets being 150:30:30. The Dice score (DCS) was the primary measure to evaluate the segmentation performance of the 3D U‐Net, which was subsequently developed as the dura‐contouring tool to segment another unlabeled 308 CTM cases with LSS. Automatic masks of 446 slices on the stenotic levels were then meticulously reviewed and revised by human experts, and the cross‐sectional area (CSA) of the dura was compared.ResultsThe mean DCS of the 3D U‐Net were 0.905 ± 0.080, 0.933 ± 0.018, and 0.928 ± 0.034 in the five‐fold cross‐validation, the independent testing, and the external validation datasets, respectively. The segmentation performance of the dura‐contouring tool was also comparable to that of the second observer (the human expert). With the dura‐contouring tool, only 59.0% (263/446) of the automatic masks of the stenotic slices needed to be revised. In the revised cases, there were no significant differences in the dura CSA between automatic masks and corresponding revised masks (p = 0.652). Additionally, a strong correlation of dura CSA was found between the automatic masks and corresponding revised masks (r = 0.805).ConclusionsA dura‐contouring tool was developed that could automatically segment the dural sac on CTM, and it demonstrated high accuracy and generalization ability. Additionally, the dura‐contouring tool has the potential to be applied in patients with LSS because it facilitates the quantification of the dural CSA on stenotic slices.
Viscous Mechano‐Electric Response of Ferroelectric Nematic Liquid
Authors: Medle Rupnik Peter , Cmok Luka , Sebastián Nerea , Mertelj Alenka 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDirect viscous mechano‐electric response is demonstrated for a room‐temperature ferroelectric nematic liquid, which combines large spontaneous electric polarization with 3D fluidity. The mechano‐electric transduction is observed in the frequency range 1 −200 Hz via a simple demonstrator device. The liquid is placed into a deformable container with electrodes and the electric current induced by both periodic and irregular actuation of the container is examined. The experiments reveal a rich interplay of several distinct viscous mechano‐electric phenomena, where both shape deformations and material flow cause changes in the electric polarization structure of a ferroelectric nematic liquid. The results show that the mechano‐electric features of the material promise a considerable applicative perspective spanning from sensitive tactile sensors to energy harvesting devices.
Design Strategies for Anti‐Freeze Electrolytes in Aqueous Energy Storage Devices at Low Temperatures
Authors: You Chaolin , Fan Weijia , Xiong Xiaosong , Yang Haoyuan , Fu Lijun , Wang Tao , Wang Faxing , Zhu Zhi , He Jiarui , Wu Yuping 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWith the continuous development of electrochemical energy storage technology, especially in the current pursuit of environmental sustainability and safety, aqueous energy storage devices, due to their high safety, environmental friendliness, and cost‐effectiveness, are becoming an important direction of development in the field of energy storage. Diverse application scenarios require that energy storage systems be capable of continuous power supply under low temperature conditions. However, conventional aqueous electrolytes freeze at extremely low temperatures, causing limited ion transport and slow reaction kinetics, degrading the performance of the energy storage system. The design of low‐temperature anti‐freeze aqueous electrolytes has become an effective way to address this issue. In this review, the deep connection between hydrogen bonds (HBs) interactions in aqueous electrolytes and the liquid‐to‐solid conversion process, and the fundamental principles of the anti‐freeze mechanism is first explored. Subsequently, a systematic categorization and discussion of the design strategies for low‐temperature anti‐freeze aqueous electrolytes are conducted. Finally, potential directions are proposed. This review aims to provide comprehensive scientific guidance and technical reference for the development of anti‐freeze aqueous electrolytes with excellent low‐temperature performance, thereby promoting the application and innovation of aqueous energy storage devices in low‐temperature environments.
DNA Origami‐Directed Self‐Assembly of Gold Nanospheres for Plasmonic Metasurfaces
Authors: Sikeler Christoph , Haslinger Franziska , Martynenko Irina V. , Liedl Tim 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPlasmonic nanostructures are frequently utilized to create metasurfaces with a large variety of optical effects. Control over shape and positioning of the nanostructures is key to the function of such plasmonic metasurfaces. Next to lithographic means, directed self‐assembly is a viable route to create plasmonic structures on surfaces with the necessary precision. Here, a combined approach of DNA origami self‐assembly and electron beam lithography is presented for determinate positioning of gold nanospheres on a SiO2 surface. First, DNA origami structures bind to the electron beam‐patterned substrate and subsequently, gold nanoparticles attach to a defined binding site on the DNA origami structure via DNA hybridization. A sol‐gel reaction is then used to grow a silica layer around the DNA, thereby increasing the stability of the self‐assembled metasurface. A mean yield of 74% of single gold nanospheres is achieved located at the determinate positions with a spatial position accuracy of 9 nm. Gold nanosphere dimers and trimers are achieved with a rate of 65% and 60%, respectively. The applicability of this structuring method is demonstrated by the fabrication of metasurfaces whose optical response can be tuned by the polarization of the incoming and the scattered light.
Design, Perspective, and Challenge of Niobium‐Based Anode Materials for High‐Energy Alkali Metal‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Xinlin , Sun Jie , Cheng Zhongling , Wu Minghong , Guo Zaiping , Zhang Haijiao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe rapid advancement of clean energy has aroused an increased demand for advanced energy storage systems. Alkali metal‐ion batteries (AMIBs) including lithium/sodium/potassium‐ion batteries (LIBs/SIBs/PIBs) play a crucial role in these systems, and their development is closely related to the progress of electrode materials. Niobium (Nb)‐based materials exhibit distinctive features such as quasi‐2D framework, high intercalation potential, robust pseudo‐capacitance effect, and minimal volume expansion during cycles. These characteristics render them highly valuable for energy storage applications. However, the low conductivity and limited capacity of Nb‐based electrode materials significantly limit their widespread development in energy storage applications. To address these challenges, various strategies have been explored. This review primarily summarizes the recent advancements in research on Nb‐based anode materials for AMIBs over the past decade. The synthesis strategy, structure design, and material composite of Nb‐based materials are systematically discussed, and the performances of different types of batteries are also well analyzed and compared. Meanwhile, their merits in the fast‐charging realm are then highlighted. Importantly, this review presents the key issues and challenges encountered by Nb‐based anode materials in future energy storage, along with novel concepts and solutions for the research and development of next‐generation Nb‐based anodes.
Accumulation of Long‐Lived Photogenerated Holes at Indium Single‐Atom Catalysts via Two Coordinate Nitrogen Vacancy Defect Engineering for Enhanced Photocatalytic Oxidation
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Yang Xuan , Xu Guofang , Biswal Basanta Kumar , Balasubramanian Rajasekhar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractVisible‐light‐driven photocatalytic oxidation by photogenerated holes has immense potential for environmental remediation applications. While the electron‐mediated photoreduction reactions are often at the spotlight, active holes possess a remarkable oxidation capacity that can degrade recalcitrant organic pollutants, resulting in nontoxic byproducts. However, the random charge transfer and rapid recombination of electron–hole pairs hinder the accumulation of long‐lived holes at the reaction center. Herein, a novel method employing defect‐engineered indium (In) single‐atom photocatalysts with nitrogen vacancy (Nv) defects, dispersed in carbon nitride foam (In‐Nv‐CNF), is reported to overcome these challenges and make further advances in photocatalysis. This Nv defect‐engineered strategy produces a remarkable extension in the lifetime and an increase in the concentration of photogenerated holes in In‐Nv‐CNF. Consequently, the optimized In‐Nv‐CNF demonstrates a remarkable 50‐fold increase in photo‐oxidative degradation rate compared to pristine CN, effectively breaking down two widely used antibiotics (tetracycline and ciprofloxacin) under visible light. The contaminated water treated by In‐Nv‐CNF is completely nontoxic based on the growth of Escherichia coli. Structural–performance correlations between defect engineering and long‐lived hole accumulation in In‐Nv‐CNF are established and validated through experimental and theoretical agreement. This work has the potential to elevate the efficiency of overall photocatalytic reactions from a hole‐centric standpoint.
Uniaxial‐Oriented Chiral Perovskite for Flexible Full‐Stokes Polarimeter
Authors: Chen Quanlin , Ding Zijin , Zhang Li , Wang Di , Geng Cong , Feng Yanxing , Zhang Jia , Ren Miao , Li Saisai , Qaid Saif M. H. , Jiang Yuanzhi , Yuan Mingjian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFull‐Stokes polarization detection, with high integration and portability, offers an efficient path toward next‐gen multi‐information optoelectronic systems. Nevertheless, current techniques relying on optical filters create rigid and bulky configurations, limiting practicality. Here, a flexible, filter‐less full‐Stokes polarimeter featuring a uniaxial‐oriented chiral perovskite film is first reported. It is found that, the strategic manipulation of the surfactant‐mediated Marangoni effect during blade coating, is crucial for guiding an equilibrious mass transport to achieve oriented crystallization. Through this approach, the obtained uniaxial‐oriented chiral perovskite films inherently possess anisotropy and chirality, and thereby with desired sensitivity to both linearly polarized light and circularly polarized light vectors. The uniaxial‐oriented crystalline structure also improves photodetection, achieving a specific detectivity of 5.23 × 1013 Jones, surpassing non‐oriented devices by 10×. The as‐fabricated flexible polarimeters enable accurate capture of full‐Stokes polarization without optical filters, exhibiting slight detection errors for the Stokes parameters: ΔS1 = 9.2%, ΔS2 = 8.6%, and ΔS3 = 6.5%, approaching the detection accuracy of optics‐filter polarimeters. This proof of concept also demonstrates applications in matrix polarization imaging.
Topology Reconfiguration of Anion‐Pillared Metal–Organic Framework from Flexibility to Rigidity for Enhanced Acetylene Separation
Authors: Xiong Hanting , Peng Yong , Liu Xing , Wang Pengxiang , Zhang Peixin , Yang Longsheng , Liu Junhui , Shuai Hua , Wang Lingmin , Deng Zhenning , Chen Shixia , Chen Jingwen , Zhou Zhenyu , Deng Shuguang , Wang Jun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFlexible metal–organic framework (MOF) adsorbents commonly encounter limitations in removing trace impurities below gate‐opening threshold pressures. Topology reconfiguration can fundamentally eliminate intrinsic structural flexibility, yet remains a formidable challenge and is rarely achieved in practical applications. Herein, a solvent‐mediated approach is presented to regulate the flexible CuSnF6‐dpds‐sql (dpds = 4,4′'‐dipyridyldisulfide) with sql topology into rigid CuSnF6‐dpds‐cds with cds topology. Notably, the cds topology is unprecedented and first obtained in anion‐pillared MOF materials. As a result, rigid CuSnF6‐dpds‐cds exhibits enhanced C2H2 adsorption capacity of 48.61 cm3 g−1 at 0.01 bar compared to flexible CuSnF6‐dpds‐sql (21.06 cm3 g−1). The topology transformation also facilitates the adsorption kinetics for C2H2, exhibiting a 6.5‐fold enhanced diffusion time constant (D/r2) of 1.71 × 10−3 s−1 on CuSnF6‐dpds‐cds than that of CuSnF6‐dpds‐sql (2.64 × 10−4 s−1). Multiple computational simulations reveal the structural transformations and guest–host interactions in both adsorbents. Furthermore, dynamic breakthrough experiments demonstrate that high‐purity C2H4 (>99.996%) effluent with a productivity of 93.9 mmol g−1 can be directly collected from C2H2/C2H4 (1/99, v/v) gas‐mixture in a single CuSnF6‐dpds‐cds column.
Near‐Infrared Luminescent Materials Incorporating Rare Earth/Transition Metal Ions: From Materials to Applications
Authors: Li Hua‐Hui , Wang Ya‐Kun , Liao Liang‐Sheng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe spotlight has shifted to near‐infrared (NIR) luminescent materials emitting beyond 1000 nm, with growing interest due to their unique characteristics. The ability of NIR‐II emission (1000–1700 nm) to penetrate deeply and transmit independently positions these NIR luminescent materials for applications in optical‐communication devices, bioimaging, and photodetectors. The combination of rare earth metals/transition metals with a variety of matrix materials provides a new platform for creating new chemical and physical properties for materials science and device applications. In this review, the recent advancements in NIR emission activated by rare earth and transition metal ions are summarized and their role in applications spanning bioimaging, sensing, and optoelectronics is illustrated. It started with various synthesis techniques and explored how rare earths/transition metals can be skillfully incorporated into various matrixes, thereby endowing them with unique characteristics. The discussion to strategies of enhancing excitation absorption and emission efficiency, spotlighting innovations like dye sensitization and surface plasmon resonance effects is then extended. Subsequently, a significant focus is placed on functionalization strategies and their applications. Finally, a comprehensive analysis of the challenges and proposed strategies for rare earth/transition metal ion‐doped near‐infrared luminescent materials, summarizing the insights of each section is provided.
Understanding Substrate Effects on 2D MoS2 Growth: A Kinetic Monte Carlo Approach
Authors: Aldana Samuel , Wang Lulin , Spiridon Ion Alin , Zhang Hongzhou 
Published: May 2024

AbstractControlling the morphology of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) plays a key role in their applications. Although chemical vapor deposition can achieve wafer‐scale growth of 2D TMDs, a comprehensive theoretical framework for effective growth optimization is lacking. Atomistic modeling methods offer a promising approach to delve into the intricate dynamics underlying the growth. In this study, kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) simulations are employed to identify crucial parameters that govern the morphology of MoS2 flakes grown on diverse substrates. The simulations reveal that large adsorption rates significantly enhance growth speed, which however necessitates rapid edge migration to achieve compact triangles. Substrate etching can tune the adsorption–desorption process of adatoms and enable preferential growth within a specific substrate region, controlling the flake morphology. This study unravels the complex dynamics governing 2D TMD morphology, offering a theoretical framework for decision‐making in the design and optimization of TMD synthesis processes.