bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advanced Anode Materials for Aqueous Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zheng Junhao , Wu Yuanji , Li Hongyan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAqueous electrolytes are praised for their inherent safety, cost‐effectiveness, and minimal environmental impact, making aqueous potassium‐ion batteries (APIBs) a viable alternative for sustainable and eco‐friendly energy solutions. Researchers have endeavored to anode materials that align with the unique requirements of aqueous electrolytes, and some proud achievements are made. The research about APIBs anode has focused on organic materials and polyanionic compounds, both exhibiting desirable hydrated potassium storage performance, and in recent years, on the development of metal compounds and alloy‐based materials with high theoretical capacities. However, the anode of APIBs faces a narrow electrochemical stability window (ESW) caused by aqueous electrolytes and volume expansion problems due to the large radius of potassium ions, which prevents them from exhibiting appreciable capacity with satisfactory cycling stability. This review meticulously delineates the latest advancements and representative materials for the anode of APIBs and introduces several common aqueous electrolytes and effective improvement strategies for them. The focus is on the advantages and bottlenecks faced by different types of anode materials, culminating in a proposed methodology to enhance APIBs anode efficacy. This review endeavors to furnish novel perspectives on the development and pragmatic deployment of APIBs anodes.
Tuning the Solvation Structure in Water‐Based Solution Enables Surface Reconstruction of Layered Oxide Cathodes toward Long Lifespan Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Hao Youchen , Xia Yufan , Liu Wen , Sun Guojie , Feng Lihua , Zhou Xiaochong , Iqbal Sikandar , Tian Ziqi , Zhang Zhongcai , Li Yong , Zhang Xuan , Jiang Yinzhu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLayered oxides of sodium‐ion batteries suffer from severe side reactions on the electrode/electrolyte interface, leading to fast capacity degradation. Although surface reconstruction strategies are widely used to solve the above issues, the utilization of the low‐cost wet chemical method is extremely challenging for moisture‐sensitive Na‐based oxide materials. Here, the solvation tuning strategy is proposed to overcome the deterioration of NaNi1/3Mn1/3Fe1/3O2 in water‐based solution and conduct the surface reconstruction. When capturing the water molecules by the solvation structure of cations, here is Li+, the structural collapse and degradation of layered oxides in water‐based solvents are greatly mitigated. Furthermore, Li(H2O)3EA+ promotes the profitable Li+/Na+ exchange to build a robust surface, which hampers the decomposition of electrolytes and the structural evolution upon cycling. Accordingly, the lifespan of Li‐reinforced materials is prolonged to three times that of the pristine one. This work represents a step forward in understanding the surface reconstruction operated in a water‐based solution for high‐performance sodium layered oxide cathodes.
Pressure‐Dependent “Insulator–Metal–Insulator” Behavior in Sr‐Doped La3Ni2O7
Authors: Xu Mingyu , Huyan Shuyuan , Wang Haozhe , Bud'ko Sergey L. , Chen Xinglong , Ke Xianglin , Mitchell John F. , Canfield Paul C. , Li Jie , Xie Weiwei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRecently, superconductivity at high temperatures is observed in bulk La3Ni2O7−δ under high pressure. However, the attainment of high‐purity La3Ni2O7−δ single crystals remains a formidable challenge. Here, the crystal structure and physical properties of single crystals of Sr‐doped La3Ni2O7 synthesized at high pressure (20 GPa) and high temperature (1400 °C) are reported. Through single crystal X‐ray diffraction, it is shown that high‐pressure‐synthesized paramagnetic Sr‐doped La3Ni2O7 crystallizes in an orthorhombic structure with Ni─O─Ni bond angles of 173.4(2)° out‐of‐plane and 175.0(2)°and 176.7(2)°in plane. The substitution of Sr alters in band filling and the ratio of Ni2+/Ni3+ in Sr‐doped La3Ni2O7, aligning them with those of “La3Ni2O7.05”, thereby leading to significant modifications in properties under high pressure relative to the unsubstituted parent phase. At ambient pressure, Sr‐doped La3Ni2O7 exhibits insulating properties, and the conductivity increases as pressure goes up to 10 GPa. However, upon further increasing pressure beyond 10.7 GPa, Sr‐doped La3Ni2O7 transits back from a metal‐like behavior to an insulator. The insulator–metal–insulator trend under high pressure dramatically differs from the behavior of the parent compound La3Ni2O7−δ, despite their similar behavior in the low‐pressure regime. These experimental results underscore the considerable challenge in achieving superconductivity in nickelates.
The ever‐changing microenvironment of Staphylococcus aureus in cutaneous infections
Authors: Zhou Zhenru , Tian Jing , Li Shi , Fei Liyue , Dai Min , Long Nana 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundStaphylococcus aureus is responsible for the majority of skin and soft tissue infections, which are often diagnosed at a late stage, thereby impacting treatment efficacy. Our study was designed to reveal the physiological changes at different stages of infection by S. aureus through the combined analysis of variations in the skin microenvironment, providing insights for the diagnosis and treatment of S. aureus infections.MethodsWe established a murine model of skin and soft tissue infection with S. aureus as the infectious agent to investigate the differences in the microenvironment at different stages of infection. By combining analysis of the host immune status and histological observations, we elucidate the progression of S. aureus infection in mice.ResultsThe results indicate that the infection process in mice can be divided into at least two stages: early infection (1–3 days post‐infection) and late infection (5–7 days post‐infection). During the early stage of infection, notable symptoms such as erythema and abundant exudate at the infection site were observed. Histological examination revealed infiltration of numerous neutrophils and bacterial clusters, accompanied by elevated levels of cytokines (IL‐6, IL‐10). There was a decrease in microbial alpha diversity within the microenvironment (Shannon, Faith's PD, Chao1, Observed species, Simpson, Pielou's E). In contrast, during the late stage of infection, a reduction or even absence of exudate was observed at the infected site, accompanied by the formation of scabs. Additionally, there was evidence of fibroblast proliferation and neovascularization. The levels of cytokines and microbial composition gradually returned to a healthy state.ConclusionThis study reveals synchrony between microbial composition and histological/immunological changes during S. aureus‐induced SSTIs.
Kinase Inhibition via Small Molecule‐Induced Intramolecular Protein Cross‐Linking
Authors: Wang Xuan , Sun Jie , Huang Huisi , Tang Guanghui , Chen Peng , Xiang Menghua , Li Lin , Zhang Zhi‐Min , Gao Liqian , Yao Shao Q. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRemarkable progress has been made in the development of cysteine‐targeted covalent inhibitors. In kinase drug discovery, covalent inhibitors capable of targeting other nucleophilic residues (i.e. lysine, or K) have emerged in recent years. Besides a highly conserved catalytic lysine, almost all human protein kinases possess an equally conserved glutamate/aspartate (e.g. E/D) that forms a K–E/D salt bridge within the enzyme's active site. Electrophilic ynamides were previously used as effective peptide coupling reagents and to develop E/D‐targeting covalent protein inhibitors/probes. In the present study, we report the first ynamide‐based small‐molecule inhibitors capable of inducing intramolecular cross‐linking of various protein kinases, leading to subsequent irreversible inhibition of kinase activity. Our strategy took advantage of the close distance between the highly conserved catalytic K and E/D residues in a targeted kinase, thus providing a conceptually general approach to achieve irreversible kinase inhibition with high specificity and desirable cellular potency. Finally, this ynamide‐facilitated, ligand‐induced mechanism leading to intramolecular kinase cross‐linking and inhibition was unequivocally established by using recombinant ABL kinase as a representative.
Design of Experiments for Optimized Synthesis of Carbon‐Supported Ni Nanoparticles: A Green Chemistry Approach
Authors: Rigoulet Axel , Rafaïdeen Thibault , Coutanceau Christophe , Napporn Têko W. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMetallic nickel nanoparticles supported on a high specific surface area carbon powder were synthesized by a classical polyol method without external reducing agent or surfactant. Ni/C materials were characterized by TGA, XRD, cyclic and linear voltammetry. To decrease the number of experiments, a Taguchi design of experiments (DoE) was implemented and the effects of different synthesis parameters (nature of the nickel salt, loading of Ni on carbon, nNaOH/nNi ratio and reaction time at reflux) on different responses (crystallite size, electrochemically active surface area and current density for the glucose oxidation reaction at 1.5 V) determined. Optimization of parameter values for decreasing the crystallite size down to 14 nm was achieved using the DoE. For the other responses, strong interactions between parameters avoided straightforward optimization of parameter values. However, some trends could be drawn from the experimental matrix showing that the synthesis of a catalyst loaded with only 10 wt% Ni, with NiCl2 as precursor salt, with a nNaOH/nNi ratio of 6 for 80 minutes at reflux was a good compromise between atom, time and energy savings, costs efficiencies, and electrochemically active surface area and catalytic activity towards the glucose oxidation reaction, particularly in terms of mass activity.
A Visible‐Light Regulated ATP Transport in Retinal‐Modified Pillar[6]arene Layer‐by‐Layer Self‐Assembled Sub‐Nanochannel
Authors: Quan Jiaxin , Yan Hewei , Periyasami Govindasami , Li Haibing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNatural light‐responsive rhodopsins play a critical role in visual conversion, signal transduction, energy transmission, etc., which has aroused extensive interest in the past decade. Inspired by these gorgeous works of living beings, scientists have constructed various biomimetic light‐responsive nanochannels to mimic the behaviors of rhodopsins. However, it is still challenging to build stimuli‐responsive sub‐nanochannels only regulated by visible light as the rhodopsins are always at the sub‐nanometer level and regulated by visible light. Pillar[6]arenes have an open cavity of 6.7 Å, which can selectively recognize small organic molecules. They can be connected to ions of ammonium or carboxylate groups on the rims. Therefore, we designed and synthesized the amino and carboxyl‐derived side chains of pillar[6]arenes with opposite charges. The sub‐nanochannels were constructed through the electrostatic interaction of layer‐by‐layer self‐assembled amino and carboxyl‐derived pillar[6]arenes. Then, the natural chromophore of the retinal with visible light‐responsive performance was modified on the upper edge of the sub‐nanochannel to realize the visible light switched on and off. Finally, we successfully constructed a visible light‐responsive sub‐nanochannel, providing a novel method for regulating the selective transport of energy‐donating molecules of ATP.
Assessment of the systemic immune‐inflammation index in type 2 diabetic patients with and without dry eye disease: A case‐control study
Authors: Alhalwani Amani Y. , Jambi Shatha , Borai Anwar , Khan Muhammad Anwar , Almarzouki Hashem , Elsayid Mohieldin , Aseri Abdullah Fahad , Taher Nada O. , Alghamdi Ali , Alshehri Abdulwahab 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe inflammation plays a role in the pathophysiology of type‐2 diabetes progression, and the mechanism remains unclear. The systemic immune‐inflammation index (SII) is a novel inflammatory marker for type 2 diabetes patients and integrates multiple indicators in complete blood counts and routine blood tests.AimSince there is no international diagnostic standard for dry eye disease (DED), this study uses low‐cost inflammatory blood biomarkers to investigate the correlation between SII and DM2–DED and determine the diagnosis indices of other biomarkers in DM2–DED.MethodologyA case‐control retrospective analysis of totel patients n = 293 randomly selected and categorized into four groups: DED, DM2, DM2‐DED, and healthy subjects. Demographic and blood biomarker variables were classified as categorical and continuous variables. The platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocytes‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and SII were calculated platelet count multiply by NLR and analyzed for their correlation for all groups.ResultsFocusing on DM2‐DED patients was more common in females, 59.6%, than in males, 40.2%. The mean ages were 60.7 ± 11.85 years, a statistically significant difference with all groups. In the study group DM2‐DED, there was an increase in all blood markers compared to all remaining groups except PLR. Only neutrophil, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and fasting blood sugar levels were statistically significant differences in DM2‐DED patients (p > 0.001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively) compared to all groups. There was a positive correlation between HbA1c and PLR, HbA1c and NLR, and HbA1c and SII (r = 0.037, p = 0.705; r = 0.031, p = 0.754; and r = 0.066, p < 0.501, respectively) in the DM2‐DED group.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that elevated SII values were linked to elevated HbA1c in DM2‐DED patients. The potential of SII and HbA1c as early diagnostic indicators for ocular problems associated with diabetes mellitus is highlighted by their favorable connection in diagnosing DM2‐DED.
On the solution of MHD Jeffery–Hamel problem involving flow between two nonparallel plates with a blood flow application
Authors: El‐Shenawy Atallah , El‐Gamel Mohamed , Abd El‐Hady Mahmoud 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Jeffery–Hamel flow phenomenon appears in a variety of real‐world applications involving the flow of two nonparallel plates. BY using a similarity transformation derived from the equation of continuity, partial differential equations determining flow characteristics are translated into nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The problem involves the flow of a specific type of fluid, namely, an incompressible and electrically conducting fluid, between two nonparallel plates. The flow is assumed to be steady, two‐dimensional, and subject to certain boundary conditions. Specifically, the plates are impermeable, and the fluid adheres to a no‐slip condition, resulting in zero fluid velocity at the plates' surfaces. Moreover, the problem incorporates the effects of magnetic fields and pressure fluctuations, making it highly applicable to scenarios, such as blood flow through arteries in the human body, which can be modeled as a special case of the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Jeffery–Hamel problem referred to as the (MHD) blood pressure equation. This work compares two numerical approaches for solving the MHDs Jeffery–Hamel problem: B‐spline and Bernstein polynomial collocation. The given approaches are used to discretize and transform the equation into a system of algebraic equations. Matrix algebra techniques are then used to solve the resultant system. A complete error analysis and convergence rates for different grid sizes are derived for both methods and are used to compare the accuracy and efficiency of the two approaches. Both approaches produce correct solutions, according to the numerical findings, although the Bernstein polynomial collocation method is more efficient and accurate than the B‐spline collocation.
Closed‐form solution for the length of drip laterals and easy selection of commercial emitters for low‐slope fields under the Hazen–Williams and Blasius resistance equations
Authors: Baiamonte Giorgio 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes a simple method for determining drip lateral length in relatively flat fields in which minor losses are not considered and a uniform emitter flow rate is assumed. This makes it possible to derive a useful relationship in a closed form to determine drip lateral length according to the Hazen–Williams and Blasius resistance equations. An important advantage of the proposed procedure for determining drip lateral length is that it helps users establish the characteristics of the commercial emitters that they should select, an issue that has been poorly addressed in the past. Finally, after deriving this new solution, the same relationship is extended to a case in which minor losses are considered, and the uniform emitters' flow rate assumption is relaxed. The results of all input data sets show that when neglecting minor losses, the relative error between the inlet pressure head estimated with the suggested procedure and that calculated with the exact numerical method is less than 2.5%. However, when minor losses are considered, the number of emitters must not exceed 300 to obtain this threshold error. Several applications are performed, showing the reliability of this new design procedure.
Malakoplakia: A rare cause of hematochezia in pediatric patients
Authors: Porto Ariel , Lebowitz Jonathan , Byrd Robert , Morgan Elaine , Prozialeck Joshua D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMalakoplakia is a rare inflammatory condition characterized by impaired macrophages unable to completely digest and kill phagocytized bacteria, resulting in partially digested bacterial components accumulating within the phagolysosome. Malakoplakia typically presents in immunocompromised individuals due to underlying disease or to medication effects and is rarely diagnosed in the pediatric population. The urinary tract is the most commonly involved site, followed by the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, mainly affecting the descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum. Treatment focuses on the use of antibiotics that concentrate in macrophages such as quinolones and trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole as well as cholinergic agents such as bethanechol, which raise intracellular levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate in macrophages to improve bactericidal activity. We report a rare case of GI tract malakoplakia in a pediatric patient undergoing treatment for leukemia.
A Strong and Highly Transparent Ionogel Electrolyte Enabled by In Situ Polymerization‐Induced Microphase Separation for High‐Performance Electrochromic Devices
Authors: Zhou Xuan , Zhou Kaijian , Tang Liang , Chen Zhanying , Hu Qinyu , Gao Jie , Zhang Yan , Zhang Jun , Zhang Shiguo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractElectrochromic devices built with ionogel electrolytes are seen as a pivotal step toward the future of quasi‐solid electrochromic devices, due to their striking properties like exceptional safety and high ionic conductivity. Yet, the poor mechanical strength of electrolyte of these devices remains a constraint that hampers their advancement. As a resolution, this research explores the use of a robust, transparent ionogel electrolyte, which is designed using an in situ microphase separation strategy. The ionogels are highly transparent and robust and exhibit excellent physicochemical stability, including a wide electrochemical window and high temperature tolerance. Benefitting from these properties, a high‐performance electrochromic device is fabricated through in situ polymerization with the ionogels, PPRODOT as the electrochromic layer, and PEDOT: PSS as the ion storage layer, achieving high transmittance contrast (43.1%), fast response (1/1.7 s), high coloring efficiency (1296.4 cm2 C−1), and excellent cycling endurance (>99.9% retention after 2000 cycles). In addition, using ITO‐poly(ethylene terephthalate) as flexible substrates, a deformable electrochromic device displaying high stability is realized, highlighting the potential use in functional wearables.
Subthalamic Nucleus Stimulation Modulates Cognitive Theory of Mind in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Xiao Haoyun , Lang Liqin , Ye Zheng , Wu Jianjun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundTheory of mind (ToM), the ability to infer others' mental state, is essential for social interaction among human beings. It has been widely reported that both cognitive (inference of knowledge) and affective (inference of emotion) components of ToM are disrupted in Parkinson's disease (PD). Previous studies usually focused on the involvement of the prefrontal cortex.ObjectiveThis study investigated the causal role of the subthalamic nucleus (STN), a key hub of the fronto‐basal ganglia loops, in ToM.MethodsThirty‐four patients with idiopathic PD (15 women, aged 62.2 ± 8.3 years) completed a Yoni task with deep brain stimulation (DBS) ON and OFF. The Yoni task was designed to separate the cognitive and affective components of ToM. Volumes of tissue activated (VTA) were computed for three subregions of the STN.ResultsDBS showed insignificant effects on ToM inference costs at the group level, which may be due to the large interindividual variability. The associative VTA correlated with the cognitive inference cost change but not the affective inference cost change. Patients with greater associative STN stimulation infer more slowly on cognitive ToM. Stimulating associative STN can adversely affect cognitive ToM in PD patients, especially in patients with a wide range of stimulation (≥0.157) or cognitive decline (Montreal Cognitive Assessment < 26).ConclusionsThe associative STN plays a causal role in cognitive ToM in patients with PD. However, stimulating the associative STN likely impairs cognitive ToM and potentially leads to social interaction deficits in PD. © 2024 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Fused filament fabrication using stainless steel 316L‐polymer blend: Analysis and optimization for green density and surface roughness
Authors: O'Connor Habika , Singh Gurminder , Kumar Ankit , Paetzold Ryan , Celikin Mert , O'Cearbhaill Eoin D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study is centered on the analysis of composite component additive manufacturing, via fused filament fabrication (FFF), comprising of 316L stainless steel particles in a polymer matrix. It examines the impact of several process factors of FFF, including extrusion speed, layer height, and extrusion temperature, on the density and surface roughness with the goal to minimize porosity. The independent and interaction impacts of these parameters were investigated using a central composite design technique. The technique of analysis of variance was utilized to determine the influence of relevant factors. Regression analysis was used to establish statistical models linking the parameters to green density and surface roughness. The green density was enhanced by reducing the layer height from 0.2 to 0.1 μm and decreasing the nozzle speed from 100 to 20 mm min−1. The surface roughness was improved by using a slow printing speed and minimum layer height. The ideal temperature range for producing favorable results in terms of green density and surface roughness during extrusion was found to be between 235 and 240°C. Significant correlations were found between the parameters and the green density and surface roughness. A genetic algorithm was used as an optimisation tool to determine the thresholds that would provide the highest green density and the lowest surface roughness values. The porosity of the samples generated with the optimized settings was evaluated using microtomography scans. The methodology presented here can be applied to composite and standard polymeric filament printing to determine optimal printing parameters.Highlights
Blend of stainless steel 316L and polymer was used for fused filament fabrication.
Printing speed and layer height were the dominating for density and roughness.
Height 0.2 mm, speed 20 mm s−1, and temperature 239°C resulted 4.73 g cm−3 density and 21.09 μm roughness
Microtomography revealed porosity of 1.7% in the optimized sample.