bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A composite statistical method for the detection of multiple undocumented abrupt changes in the mean value within a time series
Authors: Rienzner M. , Gandolfi C. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe time series of measurements of hydro‐meteorological variables often suffer from imperfections such as missing data, outliers and discontinuities in the mean values. The discontinuity in the mean can be the effect of: instrumental offsets and of their corrections, of changes in the monitoring station or in the surrounding environment. If the discontinuities can be identified with a reasonable precision, a correction of the erroneous data can be made. Several authors have put their great effort into developing techniques to identify non‐climatic inhomogeneities; the resulting statistical methods are especially effective when the series contains a single change point, while their performances decline when the series contains multiple change points or inhomogeneous segments (a portion of the series bounded by two complementary shifts). These limitations also affect the standard normal homogeneity test (SNHT), one of the most effective and widely applied tests. We present a composite method of homogeneity testing, standard normal homogenization composite method (SNHCM), including the SNHT as one component, which improves the SNHT performances with multiple change points and inhomogeneous segments. A number of comparisons among the new method, the SNHT and a powerful optimal segmentation method (OSM‐CM), are illustrated in the paper. SNHCM demonstrates their performances in change‐point detection similar to, or better than, the SNHT and very close to the OSM‐CM. The SNHCM is effective in recognizing complex patterns of discontinuities, especially inhomogeneous segments, which represent a severe problem for SNHT; on the contrary, SNHT performs slightly better only when the series contains a single change point, but the difference between the two methods is negligible. Compared to the OSM‐CM, SNHCM provides very similar performances, with some favourable features deriving from the fact that it is computationally lighter, simpler to implement, can easily handle very long series and is based on statistical hypothesis tests with a well‐defined and adjustable significance level. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Large‐scale circulations and Tibetan Plateau summer drought and wetness in a high‐resolution climate model
Authors: Bothe Oliver , Fraedrich Klaus , Zhu Xiuhua 
Published: March 2010

AbstractExtratropical and tropical influences on Tibetan Plateau severe and extreme dry and wet summer months are investigated focussing on the large‐scale circulation and using results of the coupled climate model ECHAM5/MPI‐OM. A pre‐industrial control run and scenario runs for the 4th Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) are considered. Tibetan Plateau precipitation in months of wetness and drought is related to atmospheric circulation anomalies in the North‐Atlantic/European sector and to sea surface temperature anomalies in the Tropics. Drought on the Tibetan Plateau is associated with a pronounced wave train bridging Eurasia from the North Atlantic to Asia. Increased transient eddy activity in the North Atlantic storm track has a more south‐west to north‐east orientation. This supports a high pressure anomaly over the eastern North Atlantic and Scandinavia which excites a cross Eurasian wave train reducing the moisture inflow to the Tibetan Plateau from the Arabian Sea. A concurrent warming in the tropical Indian Ocean increases the low level monsoonal westerlies deviating the moisture transport from the Bay of Bengal towards the Indochinese Peninsula and the Philippines. Wetness on the Tibetan Plateau is dominated by a cooling in the tropical oceans, whereas atmospheric flow is predominantly zonal in the extratropics of North America and Europe. Thus, moisture inflow can reach the Tibetan Plateau via the Arabian Sea, the Bay of Bengal and the mid‐latitude westerlies. Future scenarios show little change of atmospheric flow composites for wetness and dryness; the Tibetan Plateau droughts increase by 10% for an A1B‐scenario, while extreme wet summer months are reduced by approximately 1%. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Graphical displays for meta‐analysis: An overview with suggestions for practice
Authors: Anzures‐Cabrera Judith , Higgins Julian P. T. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractMeta‐analyses are fundamental tools for collating and synthesizing large amounts of information, and graphical displays have become the principal tool for presenting the results of multiple studies of the same research question. We review standard and proposed graphical displays for presentation of meta‐analytic data, and offer our recommendations on how they might be presented to provide the most useful and user‐friendly illustrations. We concentrate on graphs that specifically aim to present similar sorts of univariate results from multiple studies. We start with forest plots and funnel plots, and proceed to Galbraith (or radial) plots, L'Abbé (and related) plots, further plots useful for investigating heterogeneity, plots useful for model diagnostics and plots for illustrating likelihoods and Bayesian meta‐analyses. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanistic studies on the oxidation of glyoxylic and pyruvic acids by a {Mn3O4}4+ core in aqueous media
Authors: Mandal Pulak Chandra , Das Suranjana , Mukhopadhyay Subrata 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn aqueous media, the MnIV trimer [MnIV3(μ‐O)4(phen)4(H2O)2]4+ (1, phen = 1,10‐phenanthroline) equilibrates with its deprotonated from [Mn3(μ‐O)4(phen)4(H2O)(OH)]3+ (2). Among the several synthetic multinuclear oxo‐ and/or carboxylato‐bridged manganese complexes known to date containing metal‐bound water, to the best of our knowledge, 1 is one of the rare examples that deprotonates (1⇌2 + H+; pKa = 4.00 (±0.15) at 25.0°C, I = 1.0 mol dm−3, maintained with NaNO3) at physiological pH. In aqueous media (pH 2–4), 1 oxidizes both glyoxylic and pyruvic acids to formic and acetic acid, respectively, along with the formation of CO2, the end manganese state being MnII. Kinetic studies suggest that the species 1, its deprotonated form 2, the reducing acids (HA), and their conjugate bases (A−) all take part in the reaction. The oxidant 1 is found to be more reactive than its conjugate base 2, and HA reacts faster than A− in reducing 1 or 2. The gem‐diol form of the α‐oxo acids (especially for glyoxylic acid) is the possible reducing species. The MnIV3 to MnII transition in the present observation proceeds through the intermediate generation of the spectrally characterized mixed‐valent MnIIIMnIV dimer that quickly collapses to MnII. The observed rates of glyoxylic or pyruvic acid oxidation do not depend on the variation of 1,10‐phenanthroline content of the solution, indicating the absence of any phen‐releasing preequilibrium of the title complex in solution. The reactions rates were found to be lowered in media enriched with D2O in comparison to that in H2O and a rate‐limiting one electron one proton (1e, 1H+) electroprotic mechanism is proposed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 42: 323–335, 2010
Diode laser hair removal does not interfere with botulinum toxin A treatment against axillary hyperhidrosis
Authors: Paul Anna , Kranz Gottfried , Schindl Andreas , Kranz Georg S. , Auff Eduard , Sycha Thomas 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThe possible interference of combined laser hair removal and Botulinum toxin A (BoNT/A) injections in the treatment of axillary hyperhidrosis has not previously been explored. In order to examine this potential interference, we assessed the effect of BoNT/A on axillary hyperhidrosis with and without concomitant diode laser axillary hair removal.Study Design/Materials and MethodsIn a prospective, double blind, randomized cross over trial, nine patients suffering from primary axillary hyperhidrosis were laser‐treated on one randomly assigned axilla. One week later, both axillas were injected intradermally with BoNT/A (100 MU per axilla). During the same session, the previously untreated axilla was lasered. Axillary sweat rates (in g/5 minutes.) were determined by gravimetry and compared at rest, during mental exercise, and during physical exercise. Additionally, subjective outcome measures were assessed by a visual analogue scale, Dermatology Life Quality Index, and Global Clinical Impression score.ResultsNo differences were found regarding the effect of BoNT/A on previously laser‐treated and laser co‐treated sides over time course for any of the outcome parameters. Sweat production was reduced 3 weeks after BoNT/A treatment by 93.5% at rest, 96.5% during mental exercise, and 67% during physical exercise.ConclusionsConcomitant laser hair removal does not interfere with BoNT/A treatment on axillary hyperhidrosis. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:211–214, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessment of photobleaching during endoscopic autofluorescence imaging of the lower GI tract
Authors: Douplik Alexandre , Chen Dean , Akens Margarete K. , Zanati Simon , Cirocco Maria , Bassett Nancy , Marcon Norman E. , Fengler John , Wilson Brian C. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesIn autofluorescence endoscopy, the difference in the fluorescence of intrinsic fluorophores is imaged to help visualize pre‐malignant lesions, as in the system evaluated here. In this, blue light is used for excitation and the green autofluorescence is normalized by the red diffuse reflectance and presented using a false color scale. The present study was designed to quantify the degree of fluorescence photobleaching induced by the excitation light during use in the colon, since significant photobleaching could lead to false interpretation of the images, particularly false‐positive lesions.Study DesignMeasurements were made ex vivo and in vivo, both using the endoscopic imaging system and a separate fiberoptic spectroscopy probe in externalized rat jejunum and in patients undergoing routine colonoscopy, using exposures typical of autofluorescence endoscopic examination.ResultsPhotobleaching could be potentially caused at blue light exposure. However, at light intensities and exposure times that are typically used in clinical practice, the average photobleaching (% loss of peak fluorescence intensity) was <1% and <6% in the rat and human tissues, respectively. Nevertheless, the range was large: from −17% to +18% in rats and −33% to +43% in patients, where negative values denote an apparent increase in fluorescence. Both the large positive and negative deviations are believed in part to be due to a measurement artifact caused by uncontrollable tissue motility.Summary and ConclusionsIt is concluded that, using exposures typically encountered in clinical practice, there is minimal photobleaching during fluorescence endoscopy at exposure such as are used in the Onco‐LIFE and comparable systems. The small changes in fluorescence intensity and spectral shift that do occur are not likely to be detectable by eye, and so should not impact significantly on the diagnostic accuracy of the technique. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:224–231, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Holmium:YAG (λ = 2,120 nm) versus thulium fiber (λ = 1,908 nm) laser lithotripsy
Authors: Blackmon Richard L. , Irby Pierce B. , Fried Nathaniel M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIntroductionThe holmium:YAG laser is currently the most common laser lithotripter. However, recent experimental studies have demonstrated that the thulium fiber laser is also capable of vaporizing urinary stones. The high‐temperature water absorption coefficient for the thulium wavelength (µa = 160 cm−1 at λ = 1,908 nm) is significantly higher than for the holmium wavelength (µa = 28 cm−1 at λ = 2,120 nm). We hypothesize that this should translate into more efficient laser lithotripsy using the thulium fiber laser. This study directly compares stone vaporization rates for holmium and thulium fiber lasers.MethodsHolmium laser radiation pulsed at 3 Hz with 70 mJ pulse energy and 220 microseconds pulse duration was delivered through a 100‐µm‐core silica fiber to human uric acid (UA) and calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) stones, ex vivo (n = 10 each). Thulium fiber laser radiation pulsed at 10 Hz with 70 mJ pulse energy and 1‐millisecond pulse duration was also delivered through a 100‐µm fiber for the same sets of 10 stones each.ResultsFor the same number of pulses and total energy (126 J) delivered to each stone, the mass loss averaged 2.4±0.6 mg (UA) and 0.7±0.2 mg (COM) for the holmium laser and 12.6±2.5 mg (UA) and 6.8±1.7 (COM) for the thulium fiber laser.ConclusionsUA and COM stone vaporization rates for the thulium fiber laser averaged 5–10 times higher than for the holmium laser at 70 mJ pulse energies. With further development, the thulium fiber laser may represent an alternative to the conventional holmium laser for more efficient laser lithotripsy. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:232–236, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular signaling operated by a diet‐compatible mixture of oxysterols in up‐regulating CD36 receptor in CD68 positive cells
Authors: Leonarduzzi Gabriella , Gargiulo Simona , Gamba Paola , Perrelli Maria‐Giulia , Castellano Isabella , Sapino Anna , Sottero Barbara , Poli Giuseppe 
Published: March 2010

AbstractOxidation of dietary cholesterol during food storage and processing, and/or that of endogenous cholesterol in the presence of increased steady‐state levels of reactive oxygen species, leads to the production of derivatives, termed oxysterols. Among the biochemical effects exerted by an oxysterol mixture, it has recently been observed that marked up‐regulation of CD36 scavenger receptor on macrophage cells plays a primary role in foam cell formation. This article reports evidence of a significant co‐localization of CD36 receptor with cells of the macrophage lineage, i.e. CD68 positive cells, LDL apoprotein B100 and lipids in human advanced atherosclerotic lesions. In addition, it provides a comprehensive analysis of the molecular signaling operated by a nutritionally relevant mixture of oxysterols in overexpressing CD36 receptor in cells of the macrophage lineage. The involvement of a G protein, Src, phospholipase C cascade and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ in oxysterol‐mediated signaling was demonstrated by using selective inhibitors, while the central role of the downstream protein kinase Cδ and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase pathways in oxysterol‐induced enhancement of CD36 was conclusively proved by means of small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology.
Large static problem in numerical limit analysis: A decomposition approach
Authors: Kammoun Zied , Pastor Franck , Smaoui Hichem , Pastor Joseph 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA general decomposition approach for the static method of limit analysis is proposed. It is based on piecewise linear stress fields, on a partition into finite element sub‐problems and on a specific coordination of the subproblem stress fields through auxiliary interface problems. The final convex optimization problems are solved using nonlinear interior point programming methods. As validated for the compressed bar with Tresca/von Mises materials in plane strain, this method appears rapidly convergent, so that very large problems with millions of constraints and variables can be solved. Then the method is applied to the classical problem of the stability of a Tresca vertical cut: the static bound to the stability factor is improved to 3.7752, a value to be compared with the recent best upper bound 3.7776. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Smoothed nodal forces for improved dynamic crack propagation modeling in XFEM
Authors: Menouillard Thomas , Belytschko Ted 
Published: March 2010

AbstractImprovements in numerical aspects of dynamic crack propagation procedures by the extended finite element method are described and studied. Using only the discontinuous enrichment function in XFEM gives a binary description of the crack tip element: it is either cut or not. We describe a correction force to modify the forces to smoothly release the tip element while the crack tip travels through the element. This avoids creating spurious stress waves and improves the accuracy of the stress intensity factors during propagation by decreasing the oscillations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust extended Kalman filtering for nonlinear systems with multiplicative noises
Authors: Kai Xiong , Liangdong Liu , Yiwu Liu 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the robust filter design problem for nonlinear systems with multiplicative noises. The aim of the problem is to design a state estimator with a predictor–corrector structure, such that the upper bound on the state estimation error variance is minimized. A robust extended Kalman filter (REKF) is proposed based on a novel method to obtain the upper bound on the variances of the multiplicative noises. Further analysis shows that the proposed filter guarantees a bounded energy gain from the multiplicative noises to the estimation error. The REKF is implemented on the satellite attitude determination system that consists of the gyroscopes and the star sensors. Its performance is illustrated by using the real data obtained from a gyroscope. Simulation results show that the REKF outperforms another robust algorithm. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
IGF2 over‐expression in solitary fibrous tumours is independent of anatomical location and is related to loss of imprinting
Authors: Hajdu Mihai , Singer Samuel , Maki Robert G , Schwartz Gary K , Keohan Mary Lou , Antonescu Cristina R 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSolitary fibrous tumour (SFT) is a mesenchymal neoplasm composed of CD34‐positive fibroblastic cells. The pathogenesis driving this neoplasm remains unclear, with no recurrent genetic aberrations described to date. Previous reports suggest a role for IGF2 over‐expression in the pathogenesis of these tumours, implicated in triggering hypoglycaemia in some patients. The expression profiling of 23 SFTs was investigated using an Affymetrix U133A platform. The transcriptional signature was compared to a set of 34 soft tissue sarcomas spanning seven subtypes. Potential candidate genes were then further investigated for activating mutations or loss of imprinting (LOI). SFT had a distinct expression signature and clustered in a tight genomic cluster, separate from all other sarcoma subtypes. A number of over‐expressed receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) genes were identified in SFT, including DDR1, ERBB2 and FGFR1; however, no mutations were identified by cDNA sequencing. Over‐expression of IGF2 was uniformly detected in SFT, regardless of anatomical location, and was related to LOI. In contrast, IGF1 and JUN over‐expression was seen in pleural, but not meningeal, locations. SFT shows a distinctive expression signature, with over‐expression of DDR1, ERBB2 and FGFR1. Despite of lack of activating mutations in these RTKs, therapy with specific inhibitors targeting these kinases might be considered in advanced/metastatic cases. Our results confirm LOI in several tumours expressing high levels of IGF2, which may explain the observed paraneoplastic hypoglycaemia. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implication of adenylyl cyclase 8 in pathological smooth muscle cell migration occurring in rat and human vascular remodelling
Authors: Gueguen Marie , Keuylian Zela , Mateo Véronique , Mougenot Nathalie , Lompré Anne‐Marie , Michel Jean‐Baptiste , Meilhac Olivier , Lipskaia Larissa , Limon Isabelle 
Published: March 2010

AbstractRecently, we discovered on primary cell cultures that adenylyl cyclase type 8 (AC8) was involved in the transition of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) to an inflammatory phenotype. Here we demonstrate, in human vessels displaying early or advanced atherosclerotic lesions, that: (a) only intimal VSMCs strongly express AC8; and (b) very few AC8‐positive VSMCs were detected in the medial layer, either in atherosclerotic or healthy arteries. Furthermore, over‐expressing AC8 in primary rat VSMC cultures triggered the recolonization of a wounded zone and similar results were obtained in the presence of mitomycin, a potent inhibitor of proliferation. This phenomenon was prevented by silencing AC8. Indeed, in IL‐1β‐treated cells, AC8 silencing halted migration and decreased the matrix‐metalloproteinases 2/9 secretion, known to be involved in VSMC migration. In vivo, we showed: (a) a pronounced up‐regulation of AC8 expression in highly migrating VSMCs of the injured rat carotid artery; (b) an undetectable AC8 labelling in re‐endothelized vessels where neo‐intimal thickening had stopped. From our data, we conclude that AC8 expression appears closely linked to the properties developed by VSMCs in atherosclerosis and post‐angioplasty neo‐intima formation leading to restenosis. In addition, it reinforces the idea that VSMC responses to their cell environment greatly depend on the AC isoforms expressed and attributes a new role for AC8 in these pathological vascular processes. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A validated liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry method for quantification of spilanthol in Spilanthes acmella (L.) Murr.
Authors: Bae Stacy S. , Ehrmann Brandie M. , Ettefagh Keivan A. , Cech Nadja B. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIntroduction – The medicinal plant Spilanthes acmella (L.) Murr. has demonstrated an array of biological activities that are generally attributed to the presence of spilanthol and other alkylamides. Recently this plant has been of interest due to its potential for the treatment and prevention of malaria.Objective – The aim of this study was to develop a liquid chromatography–electrospray ionisation–mass spectrometry (HPLC‐esiMS) method for rapid identification and quantification of the alkylamide spilanthol from S. acmella.Methodology – Hydroethanolic extracts were prepared from fresh S. acmella using different percentages of ethanol and were stored at −80, −20 and 25°C. Spilanthol was isolated and used as a standard for quantitative analysis.Results – Validation parameters for the HPLC‐esiMS analysis of spilanthol were as follows: repeatability, ≤6%; intermediate precision, ≤2%; range, 0.45–450 µm; limit of detection, 0.27 µm; and limit of quantification, 0.45 µm. Eight alkylamides in the S. acmella extract were identified based on MS‐MS fragmentation patterns, and NMR analysis confirmed the identity of the most abundant of these as spilanthol. Spilanthol was extracted most efficiently in solvents containing >75% ethanol, and was stable in ethanolic extracts stored at all three temperatures.Conclusion – These results demonstrate the effectiveness of HPLC‐esiMS for quantitative and qualitative analysis of spilanthol. We show that spilanthol is effectively extracted in ethanol, and is stable in ethanol extracts for over 6 months, even at room temperature. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.