bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aristotle’s Early and Late Ontologies
Authors: Studtmann Paul 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThere is a very deep tension that exists at the heart of Aristotle’s metaphysical system in virtue of the fact that his works seem to contain two distinct and not obviously commensurate ontologies: an early ontology that Aristotle outlines in the Categories and a later ontology that he develops in his physical–metaphysical treatises. In this paper I briefly describe the two ontologies, discuss the sources of conflict and outline different scholarly speculations about the relationship between the two.
Hegel, Psychoanalysis and Intersubjectivity
Authors: Macdonald Molly 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis article aims to locate the connections between Hegel’s philosophy and psychoanalytic theory, with a particular focus on the model of intersubjectivity, as drawn from his Phenomenology of Spirit. The roots of the encounter between the philosophy of Hegel and psychoanalytic theory can be traced back to Jacques Lacan and the less well‐considered figure of Jean Hyppolite. Lacan, as a psychoanalyst, used Hegel’s thought in his own theory, as is well known, while Hyppolite was arguably one of the first to write from a philosophical angle about the links between the two seemingly opposed systems of thinking. I will give a broad overview of the use of Hegelian philosophy in psychoanalytic theory from the Hyppolite–Lacan relationship through to contemporary thinkers in the fields of philosophy and psychoanalysis. Although recently the figure of Slavoj Žižek has popularised the Hegel‐psychoanalysis connection, there remains much more to be explored in this branch of Hegel studies that widens the scope beyond the Lacanian‐Marxist version he employs. This article will survey existing literature (in the English language) and thus illuminate the key texts in the history of Hegel’s impact on psychoanalytic theory and the concept of intersubjectivity and gesture towards the future potential of this line of inquiry.
Associative Political Obligations: Their Potential
Authors: van der Vossen Bas 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis article adopts the framework set out in ‘Associative Political Obligations’ to ask two further questions about the theory of associative political obligation. (i) Which of the different interpretations of the theory of associative political obligation is most plausible? And (ii) what would be the implications of such a view? It is argued that (i) the most attractive version of the argument is one according to which such obligations obtain only in morally acceptable communities, and only between what may be called ‘thick’ members. And (ii) that such a theory should give up on at least some of the conclusions that associativist theorists have tried to defend, such as that associative political obligations can establish the legitimacy of states. However, it is also suggested that this should not be considered a regrettable retreat.
Associative Political Obligations
Authors: van der Vossen Bas 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis article aims to provide some insight into the nature and content of the theory of associative political obligation. It does this by first locating the view in the wider debate on political obligation, analyzing the view in terms of four central elements that are shared by many of its versions, and then discussing important criticisms that have been made of each of these, as well as some rejoinders by defenders of the theory.
Gastroprotective activity of methanol extract and marrubiin obtained from leaves of Marrubium vulgare L. (Lamiaceae)
Authors: Paula de Oliveira Ana , Santin José Roberto , Lemos Marivane , Klein Júnior Luiz Carlos , Couto Angélica Garcia , Meyre da Silva Bittencourt Christiane , Filho Valdir Cechinel , Faloni de Andrade Sérgio 
Published: July 2011

Abstract

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to assess the gastroprotective properties of the methanol extract and the diterpene marrubiin obtained from the leaves of M. vulgare.

Methods
Assays were performed using different protocols in mice. Studies focusing on mechanisms of gastroprotection were also undertaken.

Key findings
In the model of ethanol-induced ulcers, we observed a significant reduction in all the parameters analysed; the curative ratios obtained were 49.31 ± 0.57, 74.31 ± 0.91 and 79.86 ± 0.59 for the groups treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg of extract of M. vulgare and omeprazole (30 mg/kg), respectively. For indomethacin-induced ulcers, the percentages of ulcer inhibition were 50.32 ± 5.60, 66.24 ± 4.30, 82.17 ± 04.09 and 67.52 ± 4.38, for the groups treated with 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg M. vulgare and positive control (cimetidine), respectively. In both models, the marrubiin (25 mg/kg) produced a significant reduction in all the parameters when compared with the control group (P &lt; 0.01). There was also a significant increase in pH and mucus production in the groups treated with M. vulgare extract and marubiin. The results also demonstrated that the gastroprotection induced by the extract and marubiin is related to the activity of nitric oxide and endogenous sulfhydryls, which are important gastroprotective factors.

Conclusions
The results of this study show that the extract of M. vulgare and marrubiin displays antiulcer activity and that this effect can be partly attributed to the isolated diterpene.
Is youth smoking responsive to cigarette prices? Evidence from low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Kostova Deliana , Ross Hana , Blecher Evan , Markowitz Sara 
Published: July 2011

ObjectiveTo estimate the price elasticity of cigarette demand among youth in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC).DataThe Global Youth Tobacco Survey was used to obtain data on the smoking behaviour of 315 353 adolescents from 17 LMIC.DesignTwo-part model of cigarette demand with country fixed effects. The first part estimates the impact of prices on smoking participation while the second part estimates the impact of prices on the number of cigarettes smoked among current smokers. Besides controlling for individual characteristics such as Age, Gender, Parental Smoking and availability of Pocket Money, the authors control for confounding environmental factors such as anti-smoking sentiment, the prevalence of cigarette advertising and anti-tobacco media messAges, and ease of purchasing cigarettes. All countries in this study are represented with at least two observations over time, which allows us to control for unobserved country characteristics and/or policies that may influence smoking patterns within countries.ResultsCigarette price is an important determinant of smoking. The estimated price elasticity of smoking participation is −0.74, and the estimated price elasticity of conditional cigarette demand is approximately −1.37. The total price elasticity of cigarette demand is −2.11, implying that an increase in price of 10% would reduce youth cigarette consumption by 21.1% at the mean.
Effects of different antimicrobial treatments on serum acute phase responses and leucocyte counts in pigs after a primary and a secondary challenge infection withActinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
Authors: Sjölund M. , Fossum C. , Martín de la Fuente A. J. , Alava M. , Juul‐Madsen H. R. , Lampreave F. , Wallgren P. 
Published: July 2011

The susceptibility to an initial challenge and a re‐challenge inoculation withActinobacillus pleuropneumoniaewas analysed in pigs that were treated with antimicrobials of different efficacies following the first exposure toA pleuropneumoniae. In brief, 30 nine‐week‐old specific pathogen‐free pigs were allocated to five groups of six. After acclimatisation, four groups were inoculated withA pleuropneumoniaeserotype 2. At the onset of clinical signs, three of the groups of pigs were treated with enrofloxacin, tetracycline or penicillin. A fourth group served as the inoculated control and the fifth group as a control group that had not been inoculated. On day 28, all five groups were re‐challenged with the same strain ofA pleuropneumoniaeserotype 2 as had been used in the first inoculation. No treatments were carried out at this time. The acute phase responses and differential leucocyte counts were monitored in detail after both inoculations. Leucocytosis and acute phase responses in the forms of serum amyloid A, pig‐major acute phase protein and haptoglobin were recorded in all of the inoculated groups after the onset of clinical signs following the first inoculation. A porcine mannan‐binding lectin‐A response was less evident in the pigs. Acute phase responses resembling those of the first inoculation were observed in the pigs that had not previously been inoculated and in the pigs treated with enrofloxacin. Acute phase responses were not recorded in the other three groups, where the pigs had seroconverted toA pleuropneumoniaeserotype 2 following the first inoculation.
Phyllotactic transitions in seedlings: the case of Thuja occidentalis
Authors: Yin Xiaofeng , Lacroix Christian , Barabé Denis 
Published: July 2011

The main goal of this study was to examine different phyllotactic patterns and pattern transitions in seedlings of eastern white cedar ( Thuja occidentalis L.). Four phyllotactic patterns were observed on the main stem of T. occidentalis: tetracussate, tricussate, (3, 5) spiral, and decussate. Only one phyllotactic pattern was observed on the side branches of T. occidentalis: decussate. Four types of phyllotactic pattern transition were observed: tetracussate to decussate, tetracussate to tricussate, tricussate to (3, 5) spiral, and (3, 5) spiral to decussate. For each phyllotactic pattern, the following phyllotactic parameters were examined using histological sections: divergence angle, plastochrone ratio, leaf insertion angle, parameter Г, and apical angle of the shoot apical meristem (SAM). Even though they varied widely, the phyllotactic parameters measured in T. occidentalis seem to fall within ranges observed in other plants for specific phyllotactic patterns. The results indicate that it is not possible to discriminate between the four different phyllotactic patterns observed on T. occidentalis by using the plastochrone ratio, leaf insertion angle, parameter Г, or apical angle of the SAM. In contrast to continuous transitions, where there is a good correlation between phyllotactic parameters, there was no correlation between the phyllotactic pattern (characterized by a given divergence angle) and other phyllotactic parameters in the discontinuous transitions observed in T. occidentalis.
Molecular phylogeny and reticulate origins of several American polyploid Hordeum species
Authors: Wang Huan , Sun Genlou 
Published: July 2011

The phylogeny of diploid species in the genus Hordeum has been studied intensively. Although the origin of American polyploid species has been analyzed using multiple-copy internal transcribed spacer sequences, the origins of these species in Hordeum remain unclear. The objectives of our study were to elucidate the origins of American polyploid species and to explore phylogenetic relationships of these polyploids to diploid Hordeum and other diploid species in Triticeae using a single copy of a nuclear gene, disrupted meiotic cDNA1 (DMC1). DMC1 sequences from nine Hordeum polyploid species were analyzed. Sequence comparisons revealed that one copy of sequences from polyploid species Hordeum fuegianum , Hordeum jubatum , and Hordeum tetraploidum showed a 82 bp miniature inverted-repeat terminal element (MITE) (Stowaway) insertion, which was also detected in the Triticeae diploid species Australopyrum species (W genome) and Taeniatherum caput-medusae (Ta genome). Maximum parsimony and Bayesian analysis suggested that diploid Hordeum brachyantherum subsp. californicum is one ancestor of polyploids Hordeum arizonicum , H. brachyantherum subsp. brachyantherum , Hordeum depressum , and Hordeum procerum . The other ancestor of tetraploid H. depressum is probably Hordeum euclaston . Hordeum cordobense was suggested to be one of the genome donors to hexaploid H. procerum. The diploid Hordeum flexuosum and tetraploid H. tetraploidum were suggested as the parents to hexaploid species Hordeum parodii . The result is that one sequence from each of three Hordeum tetrapolyploids, including H. fuegianum, H. jubatum, and H. tetraploidum, and one from Hordeum hexaploid H. arizonicum fall outside the Hordeum clade of the DMC1 phylogenetic tree, therefore representing another example of complex evolutionary history. Our data may shed light on future phylogenetic studies in Triticeae, especially for the polyploids, by broadening the scope of investigations through sampling more genome types in Poaceae, not only from the tribe Triticeae.
Near-surface and crustal-scale images of the Nechako basin, British Columbia, Canada, from magnetotelluric investigations1This article is one of a series of papers published in this Special Issue on the theme of New insights in Cordilleran Intermontane geoscience: reducing exploration risk in the mountain pine beetle-affected area, British Columbia.2Geological Survey of Canada, GSC Contribution No.: 20100129.
Authors: Spratt Jessica , Craven Jim 
Published: July 2011

Two-dimensional (2-D) models of audio and broadband magnetotelluric (MT) data collected throughout the southern Nechako basin in south–central British Columbia, Canada, provide electrical resistivity images of the Cretaceous to Oligocene volcanic and sedimentary packages and underlying crustal-scale features. Analysis of distortion effects and structural dimensionality indicate that the MT responses are primarily one-dimensional (1-D) at periods less than 0.1 s. Departures from a 1-D response occur with maximum phase differences occurring between 0.1 and 10 s. The upper crustal resistivity models reveal a low resistivity layer at near surface depths, interpreted as Chilcotin basalts, that blankets portions of the region to depths less than 50 m, but locally thicken up to 200 m. Cretaceous sedimentary units (those showing the highest potential for hydrocarbons) are characterized by moderately low resistivities that are laterally variable. More uniform, lower resistivities appear to be associated with the Eocene volcaniclastic groups, suggesting that the MT method can distinguish between these units and may be useful in targeting areas that are more prospective for hydrocarbon exploration. In general midcrustal resistivity values are high, consistent with values of typical volcanic terranes; however, a low-resistivity zone is identified at 8–10 km depth that correlates closely with the location of seismic reflectors as well as recent microseismic activity. This low-resistivity zone is interpreted as a midcrustal reservoir of magma, the top of which marks the upper limit of fluids migrating from lower crust depths. Additionally, several crustal-scale faults are imaged.
Integrating ice-flow history, geochronology, geology, and geophysics to trace mineralized glacial erratics to their bedrock source: An example from south-central British Columbia1This article is one of a series of papers published in this Special Issue on the theme of New insights in Cordilleran Intermontane geoscience: reducing exploration risk in the mountain pine beetle-affected area, British Columbia.2Earth Sciences Sector Contribution Number: 20100079.
Authors: Plouffe A. , Anderson R.G. , Gruenwald W. , Davis W.J. , Bednarski J.M. , Paulen R.C. 
Published: July 2011

This study demonstrates how ice-flow history, geochronology, geology, and geophysics may be integrated to enhance the effectiveness of boulder tracing in glaciated regions affected by multiple ice-flow events. Mineralized felsic granitoid boulders (erratics) were discovered 18 years ago on a claim block located 10 km northwest of Little Fort, in the Bonaparte Lake map area (NTS 092P), in south-central British Columbia. Although the boulders have yielded significant gold concentrations (up to 4.15 g/t), their bedrock source is not known. The till near the boulders contains up to 1382 gold grains per 15 kg of bulk material with 75% of the grains having pristine morphology, suggesting a short distance of glacial transport. A U–Pb zircon crystallization age of 198.1 ± 0.5 Ma on one mineralized boulder indicates derivation from an Early Jurassic intrusion. Using a vector addition model based on regional ice-flow patterns, the most recent and detailed bedrock geology map, and recently acquired airborne radiometrics and magnetic data, the northeast sector of the Thuya Batholith (195–205 Ma) is interpreted as the most likely bedrock source of the mineralized boulders.
Interpretation of structures in the southeastern Nechako Basin, British Columbia, from seismic reflection, well log, and potential field data1This article is one of a series of papers published in this Special Issue on the theme of New insights in Cordilleran Intermontane geoscience: reducing exploration risk in the mountain pine beetle-affected area, British Columbia.2Geological Survey of Canada Contribution 20100002.
Authors: Hayward Nathan , Calvert Andrew J. 
Published: July 2011

The structure and stratigraphy of the southeast Nechako Basin, which are poorly understood primarily because of substantial volcanic cover, are investigated in an analysis of seismic reflection, well, and potential field data. Formation and development of the SE Nechako Basin resulted in sub-basins containing Cretaceous and Eocene rocks. Interpretation reveals that dextral transtension in the Early to Middle Eocene created NNW-trending, en echelon, strike-slip faults linked by pull-apart basins, which locally contain a thickness of Eocene volcaniclastic rocks of >3 km. This structural pattern is consistent with regional observations that suggest the transfer of slip from the Yalakom fault to the north via a series of en echelon strike-slip faults. In the Middle to Late Eocene, faults associated with a change in the direction of stress, echoed by the north-trending right-lateral Fraser fault, reactivated and cut earlier structures. A simple model agrees with local observations, that northeast-directed compression was subparallel to the relic Cretaceous grain. Cretaceous rocks are discontinuous throughout the basin and may be remnants of a broader basin, or a number of contemporaneous basins, formed in a regional transpressional tectonic setting that caused northeast-directed thrusting along the eastern side of the Coast Plutonic Complex. Results suggest that thrusting affected most of the SE Nechako Basin, as observed across the Intermontane Belt to the northwest and southeast. The pattern of deposition of Neogene volcanic rocks of the Chilcotin Group was in part controlled by the Eocene structural grain, but we find no evidence of Neogene deformation.
The Jackass Mountain Group of south-central British Columbia: depositional setting and evolution of an Early Cretaceous deltaic complex1This article is one of a series of papers published in this Special Issue on the theme of New insights in Cordilleran Intermontane geoscience: reducing exploration risk in the mountain pine beetle-affected area, British Columbia.2Earth Science Sector (ESS) Contribution 20100280.
Authors: MacLaurin Catherine I. , Mahoney J. Brian , Haggart James W. , Goodin J. Russell , Mustard Peter S. 
Published: July 2011

The Lower Cretaceous Jackass Mountain Group of southwestern British Columbia records a complex history of deltaic and proximal marine sedimentation in a tectonically active area of the Canadian Cordillera. Two Jackass Mountain Group successions, exposed in the Camelsfoot Range and Chilko Lake regions and separated by ∼125 km across the northwest–southeast-trending Yalakom fault, provide details of stratigraphy, sedimentology, petrography, and geochemistry of the group. Restoring dextral movement across the Yalakom fault indicates that these locales were adjacent to one another during deposition; data presented herein support this reconstruction. In addition, detailed sedimentological investigations reveal widespread shallow-marine and deltaic features, indicating that deposition occurred predominantly within a large, shallow-water deltaic system. This interpretation is crucial to the understanding of regional facies patterns and for predicting hydrocarbon potential in adjacent subsurface rocks. New porosity, permeability, and thermal maturity data augment information collected from Jackass Mountain Group strata in the subsurface and indicate that some units represent potential hydrocarbon source rocks.
Source rock potential of Lower to Middle Jurassic black clastic sequences of the Intermontane belt1This article is one of a series of papers published in this Special Issue on the theme of New insights in Cordilleran Intermontane geoscience: reducing exploration risk in the mountain pine beetle-affected area, British Columbia.
Authors: Ferri Filippo 
Published: July 2011

Lower to Middle Jurassic clastic sequences are widespread within the interior of the Canadian Cordillera. These successions cap waning Jurassic volcanism in many Cordilleran arc terranes and are succeeded by clastic sequences of the Intermontane basins. Fine-grained, carbonaceous lithologies, which locally contain elevated levels of organic carbon, characterize these clastic successions. These include sections of the Spatsizi Formation (Abou Member) and Smithers Formation in northern and western Bowser basin, respectively, Ashcroft Formation and equivalent strata in central Quesnellia, and Last Creek Formation and Junction Creek rocks below the Tyaughton–Methow basin. These rocks locally contain metre-thick sections with total organic carbon (TOC) levels >5 wt.% and others have thicknesses approaching 100 m with TOC between 3 and 5 wt.%. Thermal maturation levels are high in many sections, suggesting original organic contents were greater and that these rocks may have been excellent source beds. Associated bitumen in these successions, together with Mesozoic oil in some overlying Intermontane clastic rocks, also suggests these sequences may have been effective oil source rocks. TOC levels, thermal maturity, and thickness of some sections are comparable with shale gas sequences being exploited elsewhere in North America. TOC concentrations within these rocks, together with other elemental abundances, indicate anoxic conditions during deposition. The age of these clastic rocks brackets the global Toarcian anoxic event and that of other organic-rich sequences in North America. Elemental abundances suggest predominantly volcanic-arc complexes as source terranes, although continental signatures are suggested by rocks in western Quesnellia.
Bond strength in concrete filled built-up steel tube columns with tab stiffeners
Authors: Petrus Clotilda , Abdul Hamid Hanizah , Ibrahim Azmi , Nyuin Joe Davylyn 
Published: July 2011

Apart from strength and ductility, adequate bond between steel and concrete at the interface is important in concrete filled steel tube (CFST) columns to ensure a composite action. One way of improving the bond strength of a CFST column is introducing internal stiffeners. This paper presents an experimental investigation into the bond strength of a CFST column with tab stiffeners by conducting a push out test. Twenty-one square specimens of sides 200 mm × 200 mm, fabricated from 2 mm thick mild steel sheeting were tested in two series. The first series considered the variation in the tab spacing along the stiffeners, namely 75, 100, 150, and 300 mm, while in the second series, the concrete cube compressive strengths were 36, 40, and 50 MPa. The bond strength at the concrete–steel interface was found to increase with decreasing tab spacing. In-filling the tubes with higher strength concrete had also resulted in an increase in the bond strength by up to an average of 40%.