bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impaired Autophagosome Clearance Contributes to Cardiomyocyte Death in Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Ma Xiucui , Liu Haiyan , Foyil Sarah R. , Godar Rebecca J. , Weinheimer Carla J. , Hill Joseph A. , Diwan Abhinav 
Published: May 2012

Background—
In myocardial ischemia, induction of autophagy via the AMP-induced protein kinase pathway is protective, whereas reperfusion stimulates autophagy with BECLIN-1 upregulation and is implicated in causing cell death. We examined flux through the macroautophagy pathway as a determinant of the discrepant outcomes in cardiomyocyte cell death in this setting.

Methods and Results—
Reversible left anterior descending coronary artery ligation was performed in mice with cardiomyocyte-restricted expression of green fluorescent protein–tagged microtubule–associated protein light chain-3 to induce ischemia (120 minutes) or ischemia/reperfusion (30–90 minutes) with saline or chloroquine pretreatment (n=4 per group). Autophagosome clearance, assessed as the ratio of punctate light chain-3 abundance in saline to chloroquine-treated samples, was markedly impaired with ischemia/reperfusion compared with sham controls. Reoxygenation increased cell death in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes compared with hypoxia alone, markedly increased autophagosomes but not autolysosomes (assessed as punctate dual fluorescent mCherry-green fluorescent protein tandem-tagged light chain-3 expression), and impaired clearance of polyglutamine aggregates, indicating impaired autophagic flux. The resultant autophagosome accumulation was associated with increased reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial permeabilization, leading to cell death, which was attenuated by cyclosporine A pretreatment. Hypoxia-reoxygenation injury was accompanied by reactive oxygen species–mediated BECLIN-1 upregulation and a reduction in lysosome-associated membrane protein-2, a critical determinant of autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Restoration of lysosome-associated membrane protein-2 levels synergizes with partial BECLIN-1 knockdown to restore autophagosome processing and to attenuate cell death after hypoxia-reoxygenation.

Conclusion—
Ischemia/reperfusion injury impairs autophagosome clearance mediated in part by reactive oxygen species–induced decline in lysosome-associated membrane protein-2 and upregulation of BECLIN-1, contributing to increased cardiomyocyte death.
Individualized Anterior Cruciate Ligament Surgery
Authors: Hussein Mohsen , van Eck Carola F. , Cretnik Andrej , Dinevski Dejan , Fu Freddie H. 
Published: May 2012

Background: Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) has become a commonly performed procedure. However, biomechanical studies have demonstrated that conventional single-bundle ACL reconstruction techniques are only successful in limiting anterior tibial translation but less effective for restoring rotatory laxity. Purpose: This study aimed to compare the results of single- and double-bundle ACL reconstruction using an anatomic technique, individualized based on the patient’s native ACL size. The authors hypothesized that there would be no difference between the results of anatomic single-bundle (ASB) and anatomic double-bundle (ADB) reconstruction when the surgical technique is individualized. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Depending on intraoperative measurements of the ACL insertion site size, patients were selected for either ASB (n = 32) or ADB (n = 69) ACL reconstruction. In all groups, hamstring tendons autograft was used with suspensory fixation on the femoral side and bioabsorbable interference screw fixation on the tibial side. The outcomes were evaluated by an independent blinded observer using the Lysholm score, subjective International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) form, KT-1000 arthrometer for anteroposterior stability, and pivot-shift test for rotational stability. The average follow-up was 30 months (range, 26-34 months). There were no statistically significant differences in the baseline demographics of the 2 groups. Results: There was no significant difference between the ADB and ASB groups for Lysholm score (93.9 vs 93.5), subjective IKDC score (93.3 vs 93.1), anterior tibial translation (1.5- vs 1.6-mm side-to-side difference), and pivot shift (92% vs 90% with negative pivot-shift examination). Conclusion: Anatomic double-bundle reconstruction is not superior to anatomic single-bundle reconstruction when an individualized ACL reconstruction technique is used.
Universal alcohol misuse prevention programmes for children and adolescents: Cochrane systematic reviews
Authors: Foxcroft David R. , Tsertsvadze Alexander 
Published: May 2012

Aims: Alcohol misuse by young people causes significant health and social harm, including death and disability. Therefore, prevention of youth alcohol misuse is a policy aim in many countries. Our aim was to examine the effectiveness of (1) school-based, (2) family-based and (3) multi-component universal alcohol misuse prevention programmes in children and adolescents. Methods: Three Cochrane systematic reviews were performed: searches in MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Project CORK and the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials up to July 2010, including randomised trials evaluating universal alcohol misuse prevention programmes in school, family or multiple settings in youths aged 18 years or younger. Two independent reviewers identified eligible studies and any discrepancies were resolved via discussion. Results: A total of 85 trials were included in the reviews of school ( n = 53), family ( n = 12) and multi-component ( n = 20) programmes. Meta-analysis was not performed due to study heterogeneity. Most studies were conducted in North America. Risk of bias assessment revealed problems related to inappropriate unit of analysis, moderate to high attrition, selective outcome reporting and potential confounding. Certain generic psychosocial and life skills school-based programmes were effective in reducing alcohol use in youth. Most family-based programmes were effective. There was insufficient evidence to conclude that multiple interventions provided additional benefit over single interventions. Conclusions: In these Cochrane reviews, some school, family or multi-component prevention programmes were shown to be effective in reducing alcohol misuse in youths. However, these results warrant a cautious interpretation, since bias and/or contextual factors may have affected the trial results. Further research should replicate the most promising studies identified in these reviews and pay particular attention to content and context factors through rigorous evaluation.
The MAP2K5-linked SNP rs2241423 is associated with BMI and obesity in two cohorts of Swedish and Greek children
Authors: Rask-Andersen Mathias , Jacobsson Josefin A , Moschonis George , Ek Anna E , Chrousos George P , Marcus Claude , Manios Yannis , Fredriksson Robert , Schiöth Helgi B 
Published: May 2012

Abstract

Background
Recent genome-wide association studies have identified a single nucleotide polymorphism within the last intron of MAP2K5 associated with a higher body mass index (BMI) in adults. MAP2K5 is a component of the MAPK-family intracellular signaling pathways, responding to extracellular growth factors such as brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF). In this study, we examined the association of this variant in two cohorts of children from Sweden and Greece.

Methods
We examine the association of rs2241423 to BMI in a cohort of 474 Swedish children admitted for treatment of childhood obesity and 519 children matched for gender, ethnicity and socioeconomic background from the Stockholm area, as well as a cross-sectional cohort of 2308 Greek school children (Healthy Growth Study). Children were genotyped using a predesigned TaqMan polymorphism assay. Logistic regression was used to test for an association of rs2241423 to obesity in the cohort of Swedish children. Linear regression was used to test for an association of rs2241423 to BMI z-score and phenotypic measurements of body adiposity in the cohort of Greek children. Models were adjusted for age and gender. In the cohort of Greek children the model was also adjusted for stage of pubertal development.

Results
The minor allele of rs2241423, allele A, was associated with a protective effect against obesity in the cohort of Swedish children (p = 0.029, OR = 0.79 (95% CI: 0.64–0.98)), and with a lower BMI z-score in the cohort of Greek children (p = 0.028, β = −0.092). No association to phenotypic measurements of body fat distribution could be observed in our study.

Conclusions
rs2241423 was associated with BMI and obesity in two independent European cohorts suggesting a role for MAP2K5 in early weight regulation.
Comprehensive geriatric assessment for older women with early breast cancer – a systematic review of literature
Authors: Parks Ruth M , Lakshmanan Radhika , Winterbottom Linda , AL Morgan David , Cox Karen , Cheung Kwok-Leung 
Published: May 2012

Abstract

Background
The Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) is an analytical tool increasingly implemented in clinical practice. Breast cancer is primarily a disease of older people; however, most evidence-based research is aimed at younger patients.

Methods
A systematic review of literature was carried out to assess the use of CGA in older breast cancer patients for clinical decision making. The PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases were searched.

Results
A total of nine useful full text article results were found. Only five of these were exclusively concerned with early breast cancer; thus, studies involving a variety of cancer types, stages and treatments were accepted, as long as they included early breast cancer.The results comprised a series of low sources of evidence. However, all results shared a common theme: the CGA has a use in determining patient suitability for different types of cancer treatment and subsequently maximizing the patient’s quality of life.

Conclusions
There is not yet sufficient high level evidence to instate CGA guidelines as a mandatory practice in the management of breast cancer, due to the heterogeneity of available studies. More studies need to be conducted to cement current work on the benefits of the CGA. An area of particular interest is with regard to treatment options, especially surgery and chemotherapy, and identifying patients who may be suitable for these treatments.
The effect of laparoscopic surgery in stage II and III right-sided colon cancer: a retrospective study
Authors: Kye Bong-Hyeon , Kim Jun-Gi , Cho Hyeon-Min , Lee Jung Hwan , Kim Hyung-Jin , Suh Young-Jin , Chun Chung-Soo 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackgroundThis retrospective study compared the clinicopathological results among three groups divided by time sequence to evaluate the impact of introducing laparoscopic surgery on long-term oncological outcomes for right-sided colon cancer.MethodsFrom April 1986 to December 2006, 200 patients who underwent elective surgery with stage II and III right-sided colon cancer were analyzed. The period for group I referred back to the time when laparoscopic approach had not yet been introduced. The period for group II was designated as the time when first laparoscopic approach for right colectomy was carried out until we overcame its learning curve. The period for group III was the period after overcoming this learning curve.ResultsWhen groups I and II, and groups II and III were compared, overall survival (OS) did not differ significantly whereas disease-free survival (DFS) in groups I and III were statistically higher than in group II (P = 0.042 andP = 0.050). In group III, laparoscopic surgery had a tendency to provide better long-term OS (P = 0.2036) and DFS (P = 0.2356) than open surgery. Also, the incidence of local recurrence in group III (2.6%) was significantly lower than that in groups II (7.4%) and I (12.1%) (P = 0.013).ConclusionsInstitutions should standardize their techniques and then provide fellowship training for newcomers of laparoscopic colon cancer surgery. This technique once mastered will become the gold standard approach to colon surgery as it is both safe and feasible considering the oncological and technical aspects.
Reduced social preferences in autism: evidence from charitable donations
Authors: Lin Alice , Tsai Karin , Rangel Antonio , Adolphs Ralph 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackgroundPeople with autism have abnormal preferences, ranging from an apparent lack of preference for social stimuli to unusually strong preferences for restricted sets of highly idiosyncratic stimuli. Yet the profile of preferences across social and nonsocial domains has not been mapped out in detail, and the processes responsible remain poorly understood.MethodsTo assess preferences across a range of stimuli, we measured real monetary donations to 50 charities spanning categories pertaining to people, mental health, animals, or the environment. We compared the donations made by 16 high-functioning adults with autism to those made by neurotypical controls matched on age, gender and education. We additionally collected ratings of how people evaluated the different charities.ResultsCompared with controls, high-functioning adults with autism donated less overall and also showed a significantly disproportionate reduction in donations to people charities compared with donations to the other charities. Furthermore, whereas controls discriminated strongly between different people charities, choosing to donate a lot of money to some and very little to others, much less discrimination was seen in the autism group. Ratings that probed how participants constructed their preferences did not differ between groups, except for a difference in the perceived impact of pictures and text information about people charities. Strikingly, there were some charities related to mental health, and autism in particular, to which the autism group donated considerably more than did the controls.ConclusionsPeople with autism were found to have reduced preference and sensitivity towards charities benefiting other people. The findings provide evidence for a domain-specific impairment in social cognition in autism spectrum disorder, and in particular in linking otherwise intact social knowledge to the construction of value signals on which preferences regarding other people are based.
Analysis of a goat milk cheese industry in a desert rangeland of Mexico
Authors: Gómez-Ruiz Walter J , Pinos-Rodríguez Juan M , Aguirre-Rivera Juan R , García-López Juan C 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
The study aimed to identify the goat milk value chain for the benefit of producers in a desert rangeland of Mexico. Using retrospective analysis, we characterized goat milk and cheese production and commercialization and profitability at the community and regional levels. What should be done for a cooperative with all stakeholders, using strategic management methodologies is determined. Goat husbandry had an explosive growth in the second third of last century, but disorganized growth deteriorated the rangelands and the activity is declining. Milk productivity has declined up to seven times in some regions compared with the 1960s. It is still the main source of earned income in the region but disorganization persists in all aspects from production to commercialization, and the common use of the rangelands. Producers are depleting their natural resources due to low incomes. Milking and cheese production are unhygienic, uncomfortable and too time consuming, while commercialization is informal. The vision and mission show a group that wants to succeed through profitable and sustainable commercialization. Milk production potential should be increased through better use of natural resources and optimization of the herd’s general management. Organization for the use of the rangelands, standardized small-scale processing, commercialization and technology transfer is the hope for sustainable rural development in this region. The high fat content of the goat milk in the region should increase its price.
Presentation skills amongst surgical trainees at a national conference: an observational study
Authors: Watts Edward , Peacock Oliver , Liyanage Shehan , Elsey Elizabeth , Lund Jonathan 
Published: May 2012

Summary Objectives The ability to deliver public presentations is important for doctors of all specialities. Despite this, there is little emphasis on training in presentation skills within medical curriculae. The aim of this paper was to establish the current standard of presentations being delivered by surgical trainees at a national conference and to confirm the need for further training. Design An observational study of 96 six-minute research presentations. Setting A national surgical conference in the United Kingdom. Participants Four independent observers each appraised 24 six-minute presentations by surgical trainees against a pre-determined standard. Main outcome measures A set of 19 audit criteria were established after a literature search to ascertain commonly accepted presentation standards. These outcome measures included keeping to time, number of slides used, the nature of slide content, methods of data representation, use of images and presentation style. Results A total of 61 (64%) presenters overran. The median number of slides used was 13 (range 6–28). Thirty-three (34%) presenters displayed slides with more than six bullet points on two or more occasions. Sixty-four (67%) presenters displayed whole paragraphs of text on two or more occasions. Sixty-eight (71%) presenters displayed raw numerical data in the course of their presentations. Seventy (73%) presenters used images. Thirty-one (32%) presenters repeatedly read out sentences word-for-word from their slides. Nineteen (20%) presenters appeared not to know their presentation content well. Conclusions Presentation skills amongst surgical trainees are well below those that should be aspired to. Efforts to improve training, motivation and the examples set by senior surgeons should be instigated in order to improve this situation.
Atomistic modeling of alloy self-growth by vapor deposition: Ni and Al on NiAl(110)
Authors: Han Yong , Evans J. W. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTA multisite lattice-gas (msLG) model with realistic and precise surface diffusion kinetics is applied to provide a reliable description of the initial stages of non-equilibrium self-growth of a NiAl alloy by simultaneous stoichiometric codeposition of Ni and Al on the NiAl(110) surface. Deposition at 300 K produces intermixing but poor alloy ordering. Increasing temperature enhances alloy ordering to near perfection at 600 K, but island shapes remain un-equilibrated.
High-Performance Barrier Layers for Flexible CIGS Thin-Film Solar Cells on Metal Foils
Authors: Herrmann Dirk , Kessler Friedrich , Herz Konrad , Powalla Michael , Schulz Andreas , Schneider Joachim , Schumacher Uwe 
Published: May 2012

AbstractCu(In, Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells have been fabricated on different metal foil substrates. Preferred foils with regard to costs and physical properties were stainless steel, titanium and Kovar® (Fe/Ni/Co alloy). SiOx films prepared by PECVD and sol/gel methods were deposited as barrier layers on these metal foil substrates. Both film types showed good suitability as diffusion barriers for substrate elements. In the SiOx:Na (sol/gel) barrier sodium could be incorporated to provide the Na-supply to the CIGS absorber. With relatively low sodium concentrations in these films (6% Na2O) large amounts of Na in the absorber have been found. Using a combination of SiOx (PECVD) and SiOx:Na (sol/gel) layers AM 1.5 cell efficiencies of 13.1% on titanium foil substrates have been achieved. With a newly implemented insulation test based on electrolysis measurements pinholes in the barrier layers could be localized and conclusions on their origin could be drawn.
Research Participation as Work: Comparing the Perspectives of Researchers and Economically Marginalized Populations
Authors: Davidson Peter , Page Kimberly 
Published: May 2012

We examined the historical and regulatory framework of research with human participants in the United States, and described some possible unintended consequences of this framework in the context of paying young injection drug users for their time participating in behavioral and medical research. We drew upon our own experiences while conducting a long-running epidemiological study of hepatitis C virus infection. We found that existing ethical and regulatory framings of research participation may lead to injustices from the perspectives of research participants. We propose considering research participation as a specialized form of work and the use of community advisory boards to facilitate discussion about appropriate compensation for research participation among economically marginalized populations.
The Economic Gains of Achieving Reduced Alcohol Consumption Targets for Australia
Authors: Magnus Anne , Cadilhac Dominique , Sheppard Lauren , Cumming Toby , Pearce Dora , Carter Rob 
Published: May 2012

Objectives. To inform prevention policy, we estimated the economic benefits to health, production, and leisure in the 2008 Australian population of a realistic target reduction in per capita annual adult alcohol consumption.Methods. We chose a target of 6.4 liters annually per capita on average. We modeled lifetime health benefits as fewer incident cases of alcohol-related disease, deaths, and disability adjusted life years. We estimated production gains with surveyed participation and absenteeism rates. We valued gains with friction cost and human capital methods. We estimated and valued household production and leisure gains from time-use surveys.Results. A reduction of 3.4 liters of alcohol consumed annually per capita would result in one third fewer incident cases of disease (98 000), deaths (380), working days lost (5 million), days of home-based production lost (54 000), and a A$ 789-million health sector cost reduction. Workforce production had a A$ 427 million gain when we used the friction cost method. By contrast, we estimated a loss of 28 000 leisure days and 1000 additional early retirements.Conclusions. Economic savings and health benefits from reduced alcohol consumption may be substantial—particularly in the health sector with reduced alcohol-related disease and injury.
High Food Insecurity and Its Correlates Among Families Living on a Rural American Indian Reservation
Authors: Bauer Katherine W. , Widome Rachel , Himes John H. , Smyth Mary , Rock Bonnie Holy , Hannan Peter J. , Story Mary 
Published: May 2012

Objectives. We sought to better understand the prevalence and consequences of food insecurity among American Indian families with young children. Methods. Parents or caregivers of kindergarten-age children enrolled in the Bright Start study (dyad n = 432) living on the Pine Ridge Reservation in South Dakota completed a questionnaire on their child’s dietary intake, the home food environment, and food security. We assessed food security with a standard 6-item scale and examined associations of food insecurity with family sociodemographic characteristics, parents’ and children’s weight, children’s dietary patterns, and the home food environment. Results. Almost 40% of families reported experiencing food insecurity. Children from food-insecure households were more likely to eat some less healthful types of foods, including items purchased at convenience stores (P = .002), and food-insecure parents reported experiencing many barriers to accessing healthful food. Food security status was not associated with differences in home food availability or children’s or parents’ weight status. Conclusions. Food insecurity is prevalent among families living on the Pine Ridge Reservation. Increasing reservation access to food that is high quality, reasonably priced, and healthful should be a public health goal.