bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The fallacies of globalization: Development or underdevelopment in India?
Authors: Lahiry Sujit 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGlobalization heralded the world economy in the 1980s, even though its policy prescriptions were laid out more broadly by neoliberal theorists in the 1960s and 1970s. Globalization endorsed the neoliberal policies of free trade and the free market economy as a counter‐narrative to the growing resurgence of the models of “social democracy” in the post‐Second World War period. This article seeks to unravel the inequalities and inequities brought in by the policies of globalization through the prisms of the Indian experience. Through a thorough analysis of the human development index (HDI) indicators, we can only agree with dependency theorists like Andre Gunder Frank and Immanuel Wallerstein that globalization has accentuated the miseries and underdevelopment of a developing country like India. It has exacerbated the class differences between the rich and the poor and deepened poverty, inequality, and unemployment in India.
Drivers, changes, and impacts of hydrological extremes in India: A review
Authors: Mishra Vimal , Nanditha J. S. , Dangar Swarup , Chuphal Dipesh Singh , Vegad Urmin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe frequency of hydrological extremes (droughts and floods) has increased in recent years in India. A dense population, intensive agriculture, and rapidly developing physical infrastructure put India under the risk of hydrological extremes. However, a comprehensive overview of the drivers, changes, and impacts associated with hydrological extremes in India has been lacking. We examine the key processes and the role of climate and human interventions on hydrological extremes in India. We discuss the observed and projected changes in hydrological extremes along with their impacts. While the Indian summer monsoon is the primary driver of the hydrological extremes in India, human interventions (irrigation, reservoir storage, and groundwater pumping) play a crucial role in the changes and variability of hydrological extremes. The relative role of climate change and direct human interventions on changing the intensity and impacts of hydrological extremes need to be considered for future adaptation planning under climate change. The observed increase in the frequency and intensity of hydrological extremes will continue in the future with compound and cascading impacts due to the warming climate. We need to strengthen the observational network, improve hydrological modeling, reduce climate uncertainty, and develop robust early warning systems to adapt and mitigate hydrological extremes in India.This article is categorized under:
Science of Water > Hydrological Processes
Science of Water > Water Extremes
Science of Water > Water and Environmental Change
Effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on recovery of gastrointestinal motility after laparotomy: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Karthik N. , Lodha Mahendra , Baksi Aditya , Dutt Akshat , Banerjee Niladri , Swathi M. , Choudhary Indra Singh , Meena Satya Prakash , Sharma Naveen , Puranik Ashok Kumar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionPostoperative Ileus (POI) negatively impacts patient outcomes and increases healthcare costs. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) has been found to improve gastrointestinal (GI) motility following abdominal surgery. However, its effectiveness in this context is not well‐established. This study was designed to evaluate the role of TENS on the recovery of GI motility after exploratory laparotomy.MethodsPatients undergoing exploratory laparotomy were randomized in a 1:1 ratio into control (standard treatment alone) and experimental (standard treatment + TENS) arms. TENS was terminated after 6 days or after the passage of stool or stoma movement. The primary outcome was time for the first passage of stool/functioning stoma. Non‐passage of stool or nonfunctioning stoma beyond 6 days was labeled as prolonged POI. Patients were monitored until discharge.ResultsMedian (interquartile range) time to first passage of stool/functioning stoma was 82.6 (49–115) hours in the standard treatment group and 50 (22–70.6) hours in the TENS group [p < 0.001]. Prolonged POI was noted in 11 patients in the standard treatment group (35.5%) and one in the TENS group (3.2%) [p = 0.003]. Postoperative hospital stay was similar in the two groups.ConclusionTENS resulted in early recovery of GI motility by shortening the duration of POI without any improvement in postoperative hospital stay.Trial Registration NumberCTRI/2021/10/037054.
What’s So Special About Private Parts? How Anthropology Questions the Public–Private Dichotomy
Authors: Hawkins Simon 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFollowing the anthropological model, this chapter examines the concept of privacy from a cross-cultural perspective, showing how its meaning and experience varies enormously. Privacy is not an objective, consistent quality of an activity or situation, because privacy is always rooted in the specific socio-economic structures of each society. It is not a case of societies and groups being more private than others, but having contrasting views on what is private. The category of private is not independent, but always exists in comparison to what is public. Drawing on examples from western and middle eastern societies, this chapter illustrates how that ideological pair is in turn linked to other ideological pairs, such as male/female and modern/traditional. More than simply arguing that differing understandings of privacy are due to cultural relativism, this chapter shows that even within a society, shifting contexts drive categorization. Within a culture, any given setting may manifest as either private or public. When people define it as one or the other, they highlight elements of that setting, asserting that those are the most relevant.
Privacy in the Digital Age: Navigating the Risks and Benefits of Cybersecurity Measures
Authors: Farnell Christopher , Huff Philip , Cox William 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis chapter provides an overview of privacy and cybersecurity, classifies, and describes various attack vectors, presents best practices to mitigate potential attacks, discusses relevant standards, and offers concluding remarks. Privacy differs from cybersecurity because individuals control the policy. The dynamic protections apply through user consent, data labeling, and contextual access management. We explore how systems align privacy controls into their cybersecurity plans using the privacy control catalog in NIST 800-53 revision 5 and examine the future of privacy controls in a system security setting.
Web2 Versus Web3 Information Privacy: An Information Systems Discipline Perspective
Authors: Lacity Mary C. , Carmel Erran 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis chapter has two purposes. First, we describe how information system (IS) scholars approach privacy research and summarize major findings. IS scholars are concerned withinformation privacyand have discovered that individuals have serious information privacy concerns. These concerns, however, do not prevent individuals from disclosing personal identifiable information (PII) with centralized platform providers, a phenomenon called theprivacy paradox. We highlight four common explanations for the privacy paradox: privacy calculus, privacy fatigue, trust, and lack of choice. Most IS research investigated Web2 applications. Web2 is the foundation for today’s global economy. With Web2, users rely on centralized platforms for online searching, shopping, banking, data storage, social media, and other services. Second, we introduce readers to the new paradigm of Web3. Privacy protection has been the paramount logic behind the grand design of Web3 applications. Web3 is the era of the Internet that is based on decentralized infrastructures and applications, like Bitcoin and Ethereum. Web3 applications enhance information privacy compared to Web2 because individuals can access services without disclosing PII to a central authority. The privacy objective is achieved technically through a combination of digital wallets, cryptography, and distributed ledgers (a.k.a blockchain). While Web3 is still in its early days, education is an important driver of adoption.
Multi-party Computation: Privacy in Coopetition
Authors: Conway Daniel , Garimella Kiran K. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWhile it may not always be possible to choose who follows you on social media or who gains access to your search history, Multi-Party Computation (MPC) empowers users to select their friends. Privacy environments often approach privacy as a binary property, but MPC offers more privacy granularity, a choice of when to participate, and the ability to initiate a session with a selection of peers. Also, privacy protection occurs at a transaction level and can change with every engagement. MPC offers a way to obtain specific information from friends while preserving the privacy of the data and/or the connection of data to the owner.
An Architect’s View of Privacy
Authors: Blackwell Marlon , Coon Lynda , Lacity Mary C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMarlon Blackwell is the E. Fay Jones Chair in Architecture and a Distinguished Professor in the Fay Jones School of Architecture and Design at the University of Arkansas in Fayetteville. He’s earned many awards, including the 2020 AIA Gold Medal, which is the highest honor awarded by the American Institute of Architects (AIA). In addition to being a full-time faculty member, he is also the founder and the principal at Marlon Blackwell Architects (MBA), based in Fayetteville Arkansas. His lecture on “architectural privacy” was the most popular in the University of Arkansas Honors course on privacy. We interviewed him in June of 2023 to capture his design philosophy in relation to privacy. The conversation focused on four architectural privacy themes: (1) the relationship between privacy and comfort, and the roles of (2) primary, secondary, and tertiary spaces, (2) light, and (3) sounds in creating private moments in public spaces. A fifth theme encapsulates the essence of his design philosophy: “ennobling the prosaic.”
Music as a Vehicle for Climate Change Communication: The ClimateMusic Project
Authors: Dixon Catherine Emma , Goldman Laurie S. , Crawford Stephan , Lease Phoebe Camille 
Published: May 2024

AbstractClimate change is often communicated in a scientific manner that fails to capture lay audiences emotionally, resulting in a lack of motivation to take action. Studies show that narrative is an effective strategy for engaging the emotional response to scientific information that is necessary to encourage community participation and action. Music can reliably express, modulate, and induce emotional states, and, as a temporal art form, may be a particularly effective vehicle for conveying narrative. This chapter reviews the evidence for music-based approaches to emotional engagement, information delivery, psychological well-being and social cohesion, and their application in climate change communication. The authors discuss the methodologies used in The ClimateMusic Projects compositions and performances, as well as their outreach projects and partnerships. Lastly, the authors examine future opportunities in climate communication, including potential funding sources.
Telling the Story of Climate Change through Food
Authors: Eiseman Danielle L. , Hoffmann Michael P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe impacts of climate change continue to magnify, having devastating effects on populations across the world. Despite the mounting evidence that climate change will continue to intensify and it is due to human activities, humanity is slow to act. To encourage wider action among the public, this chapter discusses the use of food to tell the story of climate change, a growing yet underexplored area of research. The chapter first discusses the current state of food and climate change as an engagement tool. Next, the chapter describes how both food storytelling can overcome some of the challenges within the field of climate change communication. Lastly, the chapter provides examples of how food storytelling techniques can enhance engagement with climate change solutions and shift eating patterns.
Instructional Strategies for Climate Education in the Classroom: Storytelling about Our Place in the Earth System
Authors: Bean Jessica R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIt is essential that we prepare tomorrow’s scientists, engineers, and communities to respond to the ongoing climate and environmental crises to plan for a sustainable future. Successfully addressing these needs requires contextualizing learning and using student-centered teaching practices that help learners construct an understanding of the world around them. For this reason, local phenomena can successfully anchor instructional storylines—coherent sequences of lessons that connect to students’ lives and engage them in synthesizing various scientific concepts to explain how the world works and why it changes through time. Students should reflect on how they are a part of the Earth system, and how individual and collective actions can address climate and environmental problems. These shifts in teaching practices are supported by tools developed by the Understanding Global Change (UGC) Project at the University of California Museum of Paleontology to investigate the causes, consequences, and solutions to the climate crisis.
The Power of Locally Driven Narratives to Support and Sustain Climate Action
Authors: Brown Neemesha  
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis chapter will explore the value of entertainment-education applications that center narratives that originate from the local context. The discussion will examine how centering narratives informed by local points of view have the potential to create the conditions for climate solutions to be optimally contextualized in the socio-cultural context of intended audiences. This optimal contextualization can lead to deeper engagement with the entertainment-education application and greater impact. The chapter will illustrate these concepts through two examples, the Sustainable and Thriving Environments for West Africa Regional Development (STEWARD) Program administered by the US Forest Service—International Programs Department, West Africa Biodiversity and Climate Change (WA BiCC) Program funded by and administered by USAID. Using these examples, the chapter will demonstrate how PCI Media’s My Community methodology allows local actors to authentically engage in a participatory approach to the narrative development process as part of an entertainment-education program.
Positively Life-Changing Stories Today, Intergenerational Climate Benefits Tomorrow
Authors: Bish Joseph J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractToday, popular entertainment is purposefully creating a more sustainable world. Locally produced radio and video series, created from applied theories of social learning and social cognition, feature relatable characters, familiar communities, and dramatically unfolding plots. Constructed to improve human health and human rights, these stories also offer audiences liberating information, alternative perspectives, and confidence to enact meaningful change in their own lives. Unrestricted access to family planning and universal girls’ education is instrumental in realizing the full human rights of women and girls around the world. Moreover, by destigmatizing voluntary family planning, correcting misinformation about the safety and efficacy of modern contraception, and strengthening social acceptance and support of girls’ education, the long arc of human population size is influenced toward a smaller, more sustainably scaled civilization in the future. This relatively smaller human presence on the planet offers many potential alleviations of human-induced environmental stress, including scaling down the basic human need for, and propensity to emit, greenhouse gas emissions in the future.
Let’s Go! Let’s Know! N*Gen as an EE Tool for Climate Education and Agency
Authors: Falzone Paul , Kiano Joy , Lukomska Gosia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSub-Saharan Africa is incredibly vulnerable to the increasing impacts of climate crisis. With a median age of 19 years old, it is also home to the largest youth population in the world. How this population understands their relationship to science and nature can have incredible impacts moving forward. The case study in this chapter is N*Gen, the first cross-African science TV show for kids. Filmed across Kenya, Nigeria, Tanzania, South Africa, Uganda and Zambia, its goals are to elevate girls and women in STEM, increase trust in science and scientists, and help give people the critical thinking tools to fight misinformation by exploring a range of topics, including ocean conservation, ecosystem change, zoology, vaccines, and human–wildlife interactions. This chapter also details broader aspects of the media landscape in Sub-Saharan Africa, existing science education efforts, and opportunities to use media to change knowledge, attitude, and behavior related to the climate crisis.
Rewrite the Future: Helping Hollywood Accelerate Climate Solutions through Storytelling
Authors: Hinerfeld Daniel , Slean Cheryl , Jacobs Katy 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRewrite the Future is an initiative of NRDC (the Natural Resources Defense Council) launched in 2020 to help Hollywood tell stories about climate change. Our team assessed the social impact entertainment landscape and interviewed over 50 entertainment professionals. We determined that concerted advocacy, outreach, and education were needed to position climate entertainment as a powerful strategy for social change. We developed a program offering climate storytelling events, workshops, consultations, publications, and diverse partnerships. The centerpiece of Rewrite the Future is climate story consulting to help entertainment-makers engage creatively with a range of topics that best pertain to their show or film. Consultations are customized to interact with each story on its own terms and defer to storytellers’ expertise in entertainment. Early outcomes of Rewrite the Future’s programs will be reported including successful story placements and evidence of a growing community of climate story practitioners in the entertainment sector.
Overcoming Stigma: The Human Side of Monkeypox Virus
Authors: Umar Tungki Pratama , Jain Nityanand , Sayad Reem , Tandarto Kevin , Jain Shivani , Reinis Aigars 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMonkeypox (Mpox) virus is a zoonotic disease that was recently declared a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) by the World HealthOrganization (WHO). Symptoms of Mpox include fever, headache, muscle pain, and a rash which starts on the face and spreads to the rest of the body. The stigma surrounding the Mpox virus has been one of the greatest challenges in dealing with the disease. People with Mpox have been often shunned by their communities, and many are afraid to seek medical care for fear of ostracism. For those affected by the virus, this stigma can significantly impact their mental health and quality of life. It is further fueled by misinformation and societal norms. Hence, a multifaceted approach that includes education, awareness campaigns, and community engagement is needed to overcome the stigma associated with Mpox. Effective communication strategies are critical to the dispelling of rumors and the reduction of fear. Interventional measures need to be shaped according to the needs of those affected.
Rational Executives and Selfish Politicians: The Cultural Repertoires of Legal Experts
Authors: Trombini Maria Eugenia , Valarini Elizangela 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGrand corruption affairs, and the arrest of politicians and high-ranking executives, has ignited the debate about the strategic action of law enforcers and the effects produced on democracy and political institutions. Other authors have already focused on the political uses of Law and the consequences of the fight against corruption in Brazil. But after all, what do legal professionals, working inside and outside the administration of justice, think about the people labeled white-collar criminals in the cases they sentence, accuse, and defend? The objective of this work is to advance the research agenda on the point of convergence between Law and Politics by shedding light on the action orientation of members of the justice system.
Moro’s Opinions: A Quantitative Analysis of Sentencing in Operation Car Wash
Authors: Da Ros Luciano , da Fontoura Luísa Zanini , Junior Sérgio Simoni , Taylor Matthew M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDespite growing numbers of cases around the globe, the literature on judicial decision-making in corruption prosecutions remains underdeveloped. Why do judges convict some defendants in corruption cases and not others? Why do judges apply harsher sentences to some defendants than others? In sum, what explains variation in the severity with which the judicial system judges public figures and private citizens accused of corruption? This chapter draws on the experience of Brazil’s Operation Car Wash (Lava Jato, in Portuguese) to begin to address these questions.
Businessmen, Political Financing, and Corruption: Odebrecht in Operation Car Wash
Authors: Costa Paulo Roberto Neves , Ferreira Silvana Zulmira , de Campos Marta Pontes 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungThis chapter presents the results of the testimony analysis of Odebrecht businessmen who were involved in Operation Car Wash, specifically concerning illegal political financing. This approach was made through the analytical category of representation, and it allowed us to verify a specific and little-explored dimension of the political culture and the political action of the businessmen: the practice of corruption, that is recognised as an illegal action. The analysed statements indicate a certain homogeneity in the characterisation of the company’s political illicit practice and the relationship with the political system as something that was given and that could not be done differently. Thus, both concerning the legal and illegal scope of the company’s political actions, there was an allegation of impotence in the face of how the relationship between businesspeople and politicians in Brazil took place, which shows an essential aspect of the way influential Brazilian businesspeople thought and how they acted in the face of politics and democracy.
A Journey to the Total Synthesis of Brasilicardins
Authors: Itoh Ryusei , Tanino Keiji , Yoshimura Fumihiko 
Published: May 2024

AbstractC(sp3)-rich natural products with quaternary carbon stereocenters have recently received increasing attention as formidable synthetic targets and higher lead and drug compounds. Among them, brasilicardins, which are terpenoids–amino acids–saccharide(s) hybrids, share a unique and highly strained anti-syn-anti-fused 6,6,6-tricyclic terpenoid skeleton containing two adjacent quaternary carbon stereocenters and have attracted attention as promising immunosuppressive drug lead compounds. Herein, we describe our endeavor toward a unified total synthesis of brasilicardins A–D, focusing on overcoming various synthetic challenges. In addition, we discuss several key lessons learned from our journey.