bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
the Disorders of Emotional and Volitional Spheres in Preschool Children with Speech Pathology
Authors: Shuvarova S. , Sevastyanov V. , Borisova E. , Leontyeva N. 
Published: March 2009

Objective:To study the peculiarity of emotional and volitional spheres in preschool children with speech pathology.Methods:250 children aged from 2 to 7 years old with speech pathology were examined. the following kinds of speech disorders were educed: impressive speech disorders - 9,2 %, expressive speech disorders - 31,2%, mixed speech disorders - 59,6 %. Due to the seriousness of the speech disorders the children were divided into 3 groups.Results:The educed disorders develop in the following psychopathological syndromes: neurotic, autism-like, hyperdynamic. in 62% of children with impressive speech disorders the autism-like syndrome was marked, and in 38 % both the autism-like and the hyperdynamic syndromes. in 74 % of children with expressive speech disorders the hyperdynamic syndrome was marked and in 26 % the neurotic syndrome. All the 3 syndromes were educed in children with mixed speech disorders however if in the structure of speech disorder a sensorial component prevailed then the autism-like syndrome was found. with the predominance of a motor component there were both hyperdynamic and neurotic syndromes. Direct dependence of intensity of these syndromes on seriousness of speech disorders was educed.Conclusions:The results of the research show, that children with speech pathology at preschool age have already the disorders of emotional and volitional spheres which influences the development of the personality of a child and contributes to the reinforcement of negative forms of reaction.
Suicidal Ideation in Italian Elderly. Preliminar data from the “Faenza Project”
Authors: Atti A.R. , Modenese A. , Bellini M. , Moretti F. , Cesano S. , Bernabei V. , Ferrari B. , Dalmonte E. , De Ronchi D. 
Published: March 2009

Aims:To evaluate prevalence rate of suicidal ideation among Italian elderly and to investigate possible socio-demographic and psychopathological features of suicide attempters in a population-based study.Methods:461 subjects (mean age 85 years; 52.9% women; 49.2% widow) were interviewed using the Revised Cambridge Examination for Mental Disorders in the Elderly. the presence of suicidal ideation was assessed by the Scale for Suicide Ideation. the association between suicidal ideation and its correlates was analysed by Logistic Regression Model estimating Odds Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals (OR, 95%CI).Results:Eighteen (3,8%) persons refused to answer to questions concerning suicide thoughts. Only one participant declared to have attempted suicide (a 92 years-old men, widow, living on his own and complaining about depressive feelings). Overall suicidal ideation prevalence was 7.3%: wish to die (3.8%) and not worth living (13%). Gender, age, education, marital and socio-economic status were similar in subjects with and without suicidal ideation. Subjects with suicidal ideation had fewer family contacts, were less satisfied of their general health status and had a higher number of depressive and anxiety symptoms. However, when all these conditions were tested in the same model, only depressive symptoms were still significantly associated with suicidal ideation (OR, 95%CI=9.6, 3.3-27.9).Conclusion:The worldwide aging of the population deserves attention to psycho-geriatric medicine. Study on suicide in late-life are of interest to detect elderly at risk and to emphasize this increasing phenomenon.
Charles Bonnet Syndrome and Vitamin b12 Deficiency: A Case Report
Authors: Bourgeois V. , Desbordes M. , Rochard-Bouthier M.-F. , Follet M. , Allio G. , Guillin O. , Haouzir S. 
Published: March 2009

Visually impaired patients may experience complex visual hallucinations, a condition known as the Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS). in the elderly, vitamin B12 deficiency has been implicated in various psychiatric conditions such as dementia, depression, delirium.Here we report the case of 78 years old women with low vision due to bilateral glaucoma and unilateral cataract who was admitted in our psychogeriatric unit for complex and repetitive visual hallucinations (male characters, visions of her childhood), localized in external space that occurred acutely, inducing emotional distress and paranoia in response to the imagery. She had no past history of any psychiatric disorder. Psychiatric and physical exam, lab test, neuropsychological testing, EEG and brain CT scan ruled out visual hallucination due to dementia, epilepsy, delirium, psychosis. Therefore, criteria for CBS diagnosis were fulfilled.Emotional distress was so intense that risperidone (1 mg/day) was started that permitted better insight within few days. Plasma vitamin B12 was low (< 44 pmol/L) unless normal red blood cell count. Supplementation with vitamin B12 (1mg/day) was started and plasma vitamin B12 increased within 1 month (198 pmol/L). in the same time, visual hallucinations disappeared and riperidone was stopped. Three month later, supplementation with vitamin B12 was stopped and visual hallucinations reappeared as plasma vitamin B12 was 87 pmol/L. Therefore, vitamin B12 alone (1 mg/day) was administered again and the CBS disappeared within 2 weeks.To our knowledge, this is the first report of CBS associated with vitamin B12 deficiency successfully improved by vitamin B12 supplementation.
Diogenes Syndrome and Pathological Hoarding Behaviour: A Case Report
Authors: Castro L.C. , Ribeiro O. 
Published: March 2009

Background:Diogenes syndrome is the combination of severe self-neglect, domestic squalor, social withdrawal, a tendency to hoard excessively, and refusal of help, in elderly patients.Aim:To report a case of Diogenes’ syndrome underlying the impact of pathological hoarding behaviour in the quality of life of the patient. to discuss the pathological hoarding behaviour (syllogomania) in the context of this specific behavioural disorder.Methods:Case study and review of the literature.Results:The subject of this case study is a 78-year-old man with Diogenes syndrome. Hoarding behaviour is the major presentation symptom in this case, along with domestic squalor and social withdrawal. He has marked obsessive personality traits, no insight for his morbid condition and an attitude of refusal of treatment.Discussion:The literature reveals high comorbidity of Diogenes syndrome with psychiatric and somatic disorders. Some authors raise the possibility that obsessive-compulsive disorder may be the cause of hoarding rubbish in those cases of Diogenes syndrome in which hoarding exists and cannot be better explained by other psychopathology. other authors hypothesise Diogenes syndrome as a reaction to stress in elderly people with certain personality characteristics or as the end stage of a personality disorder. the ethiopathogeny of Diogenes syndrome remains unclear and there is no consensus about diagnostic criteria. It is a relevant area for future research, contributing for a better comprehension of the differential diagnosis of pathological hoarding behaviour and late life psychopathology.
Mild Cognitive Impairment and Intellectual Activity in the Elderly
Authors: Chenderes R.M. , Podea D.M. , Nanu P.D. , Mila C. 
Published: March 2009

Objective:The aim of this study is to identify the correlation between mild cognitive impairment (MCI), educational status and intellectual activity in elderly patients.Material and methods:The study comprises 40 elderly patients diagnosed with MCI. the diagnosis of MCI was established applying to all patients MMSE (Mini Mental State Evaluation). Also a Clock Drawing Test (CDT) was applied. A MMSE score between 28-21points was considered as MCI.We consider that a patient has intellectual activities if he performs at least one of the following: reading a book or a newspaper, solving puzzles or mind games.The exclusion criteria were: patients with moderate and severe cognitive impairment and patients with no educational level.Results and discussions:The average of age was 69.65 years. the average of MMSE score was 24.65 points. the correlation between MMSE and CDT is significant at the 0.01 level. the MMSE and CDT scores are smaller as the educational level is lower. 3 subjects have fourth grade education, 17 subjects have eighth grade education, 16 subjects have high-school education and 4subjects have college education. the patients with small scores at cognitive evaluation have no intellectual activity in the present. the intellectual activity is in direct relationship with high educational level; patients with high-school and college education are performing intellectual activities in the present.Conclusions:Patients with actual intellectual activity have the highest MMSE and CDT scores.Intellectual activities are protective factors against cognitive impairment.This paper represents the screening part of a grant PNCDI2 41-057/2007 from the Romanian Ministry of Education and Research.
Evolution of the Elderly Admissions in an Acute Psychiatric Unit over the Last Decade
Authors: Touzon R. , Rico-Villademoros P. , Garnica E. 
Published: March 2009

Aims:To describe and then compare the admissions of elderly in the last decade, to see if there have been significant changes regarding both the diagnosis and the number of admissions.Methods:Medical records of patients over 70 years admitted in an acute psychiatric unit in the course of 1997 and 2007 have been reviewed. the number of admissions in elderly patients is compared to the number of admissions in any age. Diagnosis in the elderly between 1997 and 2007 is also compared.Results:In the last decade the percentage of patients over 70 who enter our unit has increased. with regard to their diagnoses, depressive disorders and the "others" category have decreased, increasing, however, the bipolar disorder, dementia and other psychoses.Conclusions:Since the population pyramid tends towards older ages, it seems logical that the number of admissions in elderly patients increase, as it has been shown in our research.The fall in the diagnosis of “others” and the rise of diagnosis such as Dementia, Bipolar disorders and other psychosis might be due to a better diagnosis of these pathologies.
Description of the Elderly Psychiatric Admissions in Recent Years [P03-100]
Authors: Rico-Villademoros P. , Touzon R. , Garnica E. 
Published: March 2009

Aims:To analyze the characteristics of the admissions of elderly patients in an acute psychiatric unit in recent years, to see if there have been any changes in the number, the average stay or in their referral from the hospital.Method:Details of all admissions in a psychiatric unit for acute patients aged over 65 since 1999 are collected by means of a computer system. the number of admissions, the average length of stay and where they go when discharged are taken into account.Results:In recent years the number of patients over 65 entering our unit has remained relatively stable. the average stay time remains high over all the studied years. It is proved that a large number of patients need to be moved to residences or other assistive devices when discharged.Conclusions:Despite the increase in elderly population, the number of patients over 65 who enter this unit has not significantly increased. their average stay remains always high over the years. It is striking the number of patients who can no longer go home when discharged, once they have been admitted.
Preliminary Data from Famidem Survey: Can we assume who is at Risk Regarding Informal Caregiving in Dementia?
Authors: Pereira M. Gonçalves , Silva J. Alves da , Carmo I. , Papoila A.L. , Cardoso A.M. , Conceição C. , Gomes M. , Neves M.M.A. , Neves A. , Santos L. , Mateos R. 
Published: March 2009

Background and aims:In meridional European countries such as Portugal, informal caregivers are almost always close relatives, either key-relatives (those more involved) or not. There are few systematic comparisons between the experience of key-relatives/primary caregivers (PC) and other/secondary caregivers (SC) in psychogeriatrics. We present some preliminary data from the FAMIDEM (Families of People with Dementia) survey.Methods:Non-randomised cross-sectional study comparing two related samples of caregivers (PC versus SC) of 41 patients with DSM-IV dementia from outpatient practices in Lisbon (Portugal). Caregivers’ assessments included: Zarit Burden Interview, Caregiver Activity Survey (CAS), Positive Aspects of Caregiving, GHQ-12, Social Network Questionnaire and Dementia Knowledge Questionnaire.Results:Patients’ mean age was 78,7 years (SD 7,9). 24 (58,5%) were women and 58,5% had Alzheimer disease.PC were older than SC (p=0,000) and tended to live with the patient (p=0,000). They reported less emocional support (p=0,021) but higher objective burden-CAS (p=0,002). Regarding all other outcome variables, significant differences between groups were not found. Within the global sample, comparing spousals (n=23) and adult children/other relatives (n=59) yielded interestingly different preliminary results, eg higher GHQ-12 levels (p=0,010).Conclusions:The experience of caregiving is possibly different regarding PC and SC, but further research is warranted in order to define who really is at risk. Being a spouse may be much more determinant, although most spouses are PC as well. for the moment, it seems prudent not to exclude SC from risk assessments. the final FAMIDEM results, even lacking generalizability, will probably provide interesting clues.
Psychological Well-being and Active Ageing: Maintaining Quality of Life in Older Age
Authors: McFarquhar T. , Bowling A. 
Published: March 2009

Aims:To investigate the relationship between psychological well-being and measures of active ageing in a British sample of older people. Active ageing is the process of optimising opportunities for health, participation and security to embrace quality of life as people age.Methods:A national survey of quality of life and psychological well-being including 999 people aged ≥65 years living in private households in Britain commenced in 1999. in the most recent follow up of 2007, 323 survivors aged ≥72 years completed a postal survey regarding their quality of life and specifically the process of active ageing. A subset of 42 participants was also interviewed qualitatively in 2008 about their perceptions of active ageing. Psychological well-being at baseline was measured using the 12 item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ12) and correlated with measures of active ageing at baseline and in subsequent follow ups. Measures of active ageing included number and frequency of leisure and social activities, physical ability and access to support networks.Results:A significant positive relationship between psychological well being and measures of active ageing was found at baseline (p< 0.05). Measure of active ageing in 2007 were also correlated with psychological well-being at baseline (p< 0.05). Qualitative interviews in 2008 provided additional insights into this relationship.Conclusions:Results suggesting a strong relationship between psychological health and ageing actively. Good psychological health may allow the elderly to maintain an active and fulfilling lifestyle and reduce isolation and dependence, which in turn may protect against some aspects of poor mental health.
Regional Survey of Demographical and Epidemiological of Geriatric Psychiatric Disorders in Iran
Authors: Mirabzadeh A. , Malakouti S.K. , Fatollahi P. , Zandi T. , Salavati M. , Kahani S. 
Published: March 2009

Objectives:Today, about 10% of the world population are older than 65 and even it is about 30% in some of society. According to growing of population in the word and in Iran and also high prevalence of psychiatric disorders in this group, demographic and epidemiological studies are necessary.Methods:From 1422 subjects 59 years or older, who were live in Ekbatan district of Tehran, 313 subjects were chosen randomly. Finally 204 subjects were enrolled and completed the questionnaires of GDS-15, GHQ and CES-D. from study sample, 104 subjects were selected randomly and interviewed by CIDI to validate psychiatric disorders.Results:According to our study, 53.4% of subjects were women and 46.6% of them were male and 63% of the population were between 60-75. the life time prevalence for all psychiatric disorders were 35% and the period prevalence were 17.5%. 25.2% of subjects had only one psychiatric disorder and 6.8% and 2.9% of them had two and three or more psychiatric disorders, respectively. the most prevalence of psychiatric disorders were Major depressive disorder, Dysthymic disorder, OCD and PTSD, respectively. Some subjects had not engaged in treatment.Conclusion:The results of this study revealed that the psychiatric disorders in Iranian geriatric population are common. It seems that these results can be helpful for mental health services.
Prevalence of Depression among Older People Living in Retirement Homes within Penacova County
Authors: Pinto A. , Cravador A. , Ferreira J. , Marques L. , Cunha-Oliveira J. 
Published: March 2009

Objectives:To estimate the prevalence of depression and of depressive symptoms among older people living in retirement homes within Penacova county. to estimate the percentage of elderly depressed people receiving adequate treatment. to study associations between recorded clinical variables and depression.Method:We visited all the retirement homes of Penacova County to interview institutionalized men and women older than 64 years, applying a semi-structured protocol that included GDS (geriatric depression screening scale), MMSE, pain scale, Clock Drawing Test, Barthel Index and BSI (Brief Symptom Inventory).Results:We included 78 subjects (22 Men and 56 Women) with a mean age of 81.3 years. among them 29 were illiterate, 34 had < 4 years of education, 13 had 4 years of education and 2 had a university degree. 56 were widowers and 49 were born in Penacova. the mean GDS value was 17.27. 19,2% were not depressed, 46.1% were depressed and 34,6% were severely depressed.Conclusion:These results suggest that depression is a common problem affecting older people living in retirement homes. A significant percentage of depressed patients were not adequately treated. This study highlights the importance of screening this population for depression.
Lay Help for the Caregivers of Demented Outpatients: Impact on Health Status of Patients, Caregivers and Lay Helpers
Authors: Stoppe G. , Paseka V. , Knaus R. 
Published: March 2009

International studies showed that caregiver interventions are efficacious especially when they provide the possibility to be free from caregiver role for some hours. Up to now there is no research available concerning the impact on the psychological and physical health of the involved persons.In a program developed by the memory clinic of University of Goettingen, Germany, and a diaconic social service provider, 64 lay helpers were trained for their role in a 40-hours-course. after informed consent, at three times (T0, T1 (after 6 months), T2 (after 1 year), lay helpers, caregivers and the demented patients were interviewed and standard scales were used (SCL-90, BDI, MMSE, GDS, BEHAVE-AD, NOSGER, IADL, RuD, Adult Attachment Scale etc.).31 demented patients were included, however from only 16 results at T2 could be obtained. Most patients werde moderately to severely impaired. However, during the study, their mood, mobility and circadian stability improved. the situation of the caregivers remained stable, the lay helpers showed no “negative” trends except for the result that their attitude to ageing significantly deteriorated.The data should be interpreted with caution because of the low number of persons included and the lack of a control group. in addition lay help is typically variable and other external factors might influence the results. However, because of the broad range of parameters investigated, interesting results are nevertheless worth discussion.
the Malignant Neuroleptic Syndrome: Etiopathogenesis, Diagnosis and Clinics
Authors: Adomaitiene V. , Kulak A. , Anciulyte O. 
Published: March 2009

MNS is a rare, acute or chronic idiosyncratic reaction to a neuroleptic medication. the syndrome is characterised by fever, muscular rigidity, altered mental status and autonomic dysfunction. MNS is caused by neuroleptics, dopamine antagonistic medications, combination of MAO and antidepresants.The main groups of theories, explaining MNS are reviewed. There is a genetic predisposition and association between MNS and human DRD2 gene A1 and A2 alleles polymorphism. There were attempts to prove MNS and serotoninergic syndrome as different forms of malignant hypertermia. Dopaminergic activity inhibition increases quantity of calcium in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, therefore muscular contraction increases and it leads to clinical MNS signs. There are theories of neuromediators interaction (changes in HVA, adrenaline, MHPG, 5-HIAA levels in cerebrospinal fluid detected during MNS), increased sympathetic activity, malignant hyperthermia, and direct toxic effect of neuroleptic medications to sceletal muscules in vitro.The main risk factors and clinical signs of MNS are summarised. MNS develops suddenly during few hours from the start of treatment with neuroleptics, in rare cases - during first 4 weeks. Usually MNS starts during first 24-72 hours. Classic MNS signs are muscular rigidity (“lead pipe”), hypertermia, elevation of CPK.MNS diagnosis is determined based on anamnesis, clinical signs, laboratorical findings and differentiation which is based by excluding other pathological conditions.
How Should Large ‘naturalistic’ Trials of Antipsychotics Change the Practice of the Practicing Clinician?
Authors: Agius M. , Zaman R. , Lane D. 
Published: March 2009

A number of large naturalistic trials of anti-psychotic medication have been carried out in recent years. These include SOHO, CATIE, CAFÉ, EUFEST, and CUTLASS.These studies have attempted to demonstrate the efficacy in practice of second generation drugs as compared to first generation drugs. the results of these studies have been hotly debated and various conclusions have been drawn.However, it is necessary to question what methodological issues have arisen in these studies, and hence how safe are the conclusions.It is now also necessary to examine what findings appear to have been demonstrated by these trials, and whether certain findings are corroborated by several trials, while other trial results contradict each other.In the presentation, each of the five studies will be critically appraised by a contributor who is a practicing clinician, but who has not participated as a principal investigator in the study concerned. Conclusions will be drawn as to whether the trials are useful for developing guidelines for the use of antipsychotics in the management of psychotic illness, what findings are corroborated by several trials, and indeed, whether methodological flaws might undermine some conclusions from some of the studies.