bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomic and functional outcome after surgical removal of idiopathic macular epiretinal membrane
Authors: Lee Po‐Yen , Cheng Kai‐Chun , Wu Wen‐Chuan 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate the functional and structural outcomes of surgical treatment of eyes with idiopathic macular epiretinal membrane (ERM). Clinical records of 21 patients (22 eyes) who underwent macular ERM removal with at least 6 months of postoperative follow‐up period were reviewed retrospectively. All patients were treated with pars plana vitrectomy and ERM peeling surgery. Fourteen patients also underwent cataract surgery at the same time. Pre‐ and postoperative visual acuity (VA), intraocular pressure (IOP), and macular thickness along with postoperative adverse events were all recorded. The mean follow‐up was 8.5 ± 3.2 months. Three eyes were pseudophakic and 19 eyes were phakic preoperatively. Five phakic eyes undergoing simple ERM peeling surgery had worsened cataracts, and vision was recovered after subsequent cataract extraction surgery. Mean preoperative IOP was 13.1 ± 4.2 mmHg, which did not differ significantly postoperatively (p = 0.228). One patient had increased IOP postoperatively and needed topical antiglaucoma treatment. Thirteen eyes showed visual improvement, and six eyes became worse during the follow‐up. Mean preoperative best‐corrected VA was 0.36 decimal equivalent, which was then converted to logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR 0.502 ± 0.259) for statistical analysis; this had improved to a mean of 0.536 decimal equivalent (logMAR 0.38 ± 0.35) at the final follow‐up. Mean central macular thickness (CMT) also significantly declined (p < 0.0001). From an analysis of dividing patients into two subgroups according to clinical severity [macular pucker (MP) and cellophane maculopathy (CM)], measured mean CMT of both groups demonstrated significant reduction at final follow‐up (MP, p < 0.0001; CM, p = 0.005). Mean final best‐corrected VA also reached significant improvement in MP group (p = 0.008). However, in the CM group, no significant change in VA was observed (p = 0.52). Besides, VA measurements in the MP group had improved significantly to that of CM (p = 0.037). The measured CMTs of the MP group had also reduced significantly (p = 0.046) compared with those of the CM group. In conclusion, membrane peeling surgery can lead to a significant reduction of macular edema in patients with idiopathic macular ERM. The advantages of combined peeling and cataract surgery will achieve maximum positive visual outcome.
Physicochemical conditions for melting in the Earth’s mantle containing a C–O–H fluid (from experimental data)
Authors: Litasov K.D. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Experimental data on phase transformations and melting in peridotite and eclogite systems with a C–O–H fluid at 6–30 GPa have been analyzed with special attention to the influence of redox conditions. It has been found that melting in systems with H2O depends heavily on its total content and considerably on its solubility in nominally anhydrous rock-forming minerals. Partial melting occurs when the total H2O content of the system exceeds the H2O storage capacity in the rock under given physicochemical conditions. Melting in CO2-containing systems is determined by carbonate stability and the chemical composition of the system, mainly its Na2O and K2O contents, and, to a smaller extent, the content of CO2 itself. Studies of peridotite and eclogite systems containing H2O, CO2, H2O + CO2, and a reduced C–O–H fluid show that most solidi flatten out at pressures above 6–8 GPa when intersecting the geotherms of subduction and average mantle. Mantle melting at constant pressure in the presence of a C–O–H fluid depends not only on temperature but also on redox conditions. The oxidation of the system causes redox melting. The stability boundary of a Fe–Ni alloy (it may coincide with the lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary under cratons, 200–250 km) and the 410-km discontinuity are paramount to redox and decarbonation–dehydration melting. Also, the paper provides evidence that subducted carbonates play the leading role in the “big” mantle wedge model for stagnant slabs. Volatile-containing eclogite systems melt at lower temperatures than peridotite ones (the difference is up to 100–200 °C). This suggests that eclogites are of global importance in mantle melting, which agrees with modern geochemical models.
The tectonomagmatic evolution of structure-lithologic complexes in the Tannu-Ola zone, Tuva, in the Late Vendian–Early Cambrian (from geochemical, Nd isotope, and geochronological data)
Authors: Mongush A.A. , Lebedev V.I. , Kovach V.P. , Sal’nikova E.B. , Druzhkova E.K. , Yakovleva S.Z. , Plotkina Yu.V. , Zagornaya N.Yu. , Travin A.V. , Serov P.A. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
In the Tannu-Ola zone, there are island-arc (Late Vendian) and subduction-accretionary (first half of the Early Cambrian) complexes whose mantle sources were generated from melts produced in suprasubduction conditions as a result of the melting of mantle wedge peridotites. The island arc, whose fragment is present in the Tannu-Ola zone, formed tentatively at 570 Ma and ceased as an individual structure at the Vendian–Cambrian boundary, though the subduction continued till the middle Early Cambrian. From the Vendian–Cambrian boundary to middle Early Cambrian, the accretion of island-arc, back-arc, oceanic, and metamorphic structure-lithologic complexes took place at this segment of the Central Asian Fold Belt. From middle to late Early Cambrian, the Tannu-Ola zone was an active continental margin, where basalts with island-arc characteristics, quartz microdiorites of adakite composition, basalts, dolerites, and quartz microdiorites of intraplate type, and diorite-tonalite-plagiogranite association of island-arc type formed. To explain the spatial and temporal conjugation of different magmatism manifestations on the active margin, we applied the slab–window model.
Trace-element composition and origin of granitoids from the Shakhtama complex and Kukul’bei rare-metal complex (Aga zone, Transbaikalia)
Authors: Kozlov V.D. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The paper gives major-element and extended trace-element descriptions of plutons from the Shakhtama complex in the Aga tectonic zone (Transbaikalia). They are composed of hornblende–biotite gabbrodiorites, monzonites, diorites, and granodiorites. It has been found that they were initially enriched in granitophile (including ore-forming) trace elements. This suggests consanguinity between the intrusions of the Shakhtama complex (J2–J3) and the ore-bearing Kukul’bei rare-metal complex of granites and leucogranites (J3) (Aga zone, Transbaikalia). Since granitophile elements are incompatible, their content in granitoids with an elevated mafic content from the Shakhtama complex is substantially less above the clarke than that in the rare-metal granites and leucogranites from the Kukul’bei complex, which ended postcollisional magmatism in the Aga zone. Analysis of normalized REE patterns for the granitoids from both complexes has revealed their magmatic heterogeneity. It has been demonstrated that the Kukul’bei granite and leucogranite intrusions in the western Aga zone are granitic differentiates of granitoid magma chambers associated with the Shakhtama complex, which were initially enriched in granitophile trace elements. The granites from the rare-metal intrusions of the Kukul’bei complex (in the eastern periphery of the Aga zone) are not directly related to the magma chambers of the Shakhtama complex. They are magmatic melts, which might result from the deep-level selective melting of metamorphosed rocks enriched in volatile trace elements. It has been confirmed that there is no direct genetic relation between the majorand trace-element compositions of the granitoids and their metallogeny and ore content.
The granitophile rare-metal specialization of the intrusions in Mesozoic Transbaikalian gabbrodiorite–monzonite–granodiorite and leucogranite complexes is the major evidence supporting the theory of the formation of late- and postcollisional magma chambers associated with deep faults, which were initially enriched in volatile and incompatible trace elements.
Small-sized dichroic atomic vapor laser lock
Authors: Lee Changmin , Iwata G. Z. , Corsini E. , Higbie J. M. , Knappe S. , Ledbetter M. P. , Budker D. 
Published: April 2011

Two, lightweight diode laser frequency stabilization systems designed for experiments in the field are described. A significant reduction in size and weight in both models supports the further miniaturization of measurement devices in the field. Similar to a previous design, magnetic field lines are contained within a magnetic shield enclosing permanent magnets and a Rb cell, so that these dichroic atomic vapor laser lock (DAVLL) systems may be used for magnetically sensitive instruments. The mini-DAVLL system (49 mm long) uses a vapor cell (20 mm long) and does not require cell heaters. An even smaller micro-DAVLL system (9 mm long) uses a microfabricated cell (3 mm square) and requires heaters. These new systems show no degradation in performance with regard to previous designs while considerably reducing dimensions.
Molecular Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Colonization by Vancomycin-ResistantEnterococcusin Patients with Hematologic Malignancies
Authors: Almyroudis N. G. , Lesse A. J. , Hahn T. , Samonis G. , Hazamy P. A. , Wongkittiroch K. , Wang E. S. , McCarthy P. L. , Wetzler M. , Segal B. H. 
Published: April 2011

Objective.To study the molecular epidemiology of vancomycin-resistantEnterococcus(VRE) colonization and to identify modifiable risk factors among patients with hematologic malignancies.Setting.A hematology-oncology unit with high prevalence of VRE colonization.Participants.Patients with hematologic malignancies and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients admitted to the hospital.Methods.Patients underwent weekly surveillance by means of perianal swabs for VRE colonization and, if colonized, were placed in contact isolation. We studied the molecular epidemiology in fecal and blood isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis over a 1-year period. We performed a retrospective case-control study over a 3-year period. Cases were defined as patients colonized by VRE, and controls were defined as patients negative for VRE colonization. Case patients and control patients were matched by admitting service and length of observation time.Results.Molecular genotyping demonstrated the primarily polyclonal nature of VRE isolates. Colonization occurred at a median of 14 days. Colonized patients were characterized by longer hospital admissions. Previous use of ceftazidime was associated with VRE colonization (P< .001), while use of intravenous vancomycin and antibiotics with anaerobic activity did not emerge as a risk factor. There was no association with neutropenia or presence of colonic mucosal disruption, and severity of illness was similar in both groups.Conclusion.Molecular studies showed that in the majority of VRE-colonized patients the strains were unique, arguing that VRE acquisition was sporadic rather than resulting from a common source of transmission. Patient-specific factors, including prior antibiotic exposure, rather than breaches in infection control likely predict for risk of fecal VRE colonization.
Economic Value of Dispensing Home-Based Preoperative Chlorhexidine Bathing Cloths to Prevent Surgical Site Infection
Authors: Bailey Rachel R. , Stuckey Dianna R. , Norman Bryan A. , Duggan Andrew P. , Bacon Kristina M. , Connor Diana L. , Lee Ingi , Muder Robert R. , Lee Bruce Y. 
Published: April 2011

Objective.To estimate the economic value of dispensing preoperative home-based Chlorhexidine bathing cloth kits to orthopedic patients to prevent surgical site infection (SSI).Methods.A stochastic decision-analytic computer simulation model was developed from the hospital’s perspective depicting the decision of whether to dispense the kits preoperatively to orthopedic patients. We varied patient age, cloth cost, SSI-attributable excess length of stay, cost per bed-day, patient compliance with the regimen, and cloth antimicrobial efficacy to determine which variables were the most significant drivers of the model’s outcomes.Results.When all other variables remained at baseline and cloth efficacy was at least 50%, patient compliance only had to be half of baseline (baseline mean, 15.3%; range, 8.23%–20.0%) for Chlorhexidine cloths to remain the dominant strategy (ie, less costly and providing better health outcomes). When cloth efficacy fell to 10%, 1.5 times the baseline bathing compliance also afforded dominance of the preoperative bath.Conclusions.The results of our study favor the routine distribution of bathing kits. Even with low patient compliance and cloth efficacy values, distribution of bathing kits is an economically beneficial strategy for the prevention of SSI.
DISCOVERY OF A MULTIPLY LENSED SUBMILLIMETER GALAXY IN EARLY HerMES
HERSCHEL/SPIRE
*

DATA
Authors: Conley A. , Cooray A. , Vieira J. D. , Solares E. A. González , Kim S. , Aguirre J. E. , Amblard A. , Auld R. , Baker A. J. , Beelen A. , Blain A. , Blundell R. , Bock J. , Bradford C. M. , Bridge C. , Brisbin D. , Burgarella D. , Carpenter J. M. , Chanial P. , Chapin E. , Christopher N. , Clements D. L. , Cox P. , Djorgovski S. G. , Dowell C. D. , Eales S. , Earle L. , Ellsworth-Bowers T. P. , Farrah D. , Franceschini A. , Frayer D. , Fu H. , Gavazzi R. , Glenn J. , Griffin M. , Gurwell M. A. , Halpern M. , Ibar E. , Ivison R. J. , Jarvis M. , Kamenetzky J. , Krips M. , Levenson L. , Lupu R. , Mahabal A. , Maloney P. D. , Maraston C. , Marchetti L. , Marsden G. , Matsuhara H. , Mortier A. M. J. , Murphy E. , Naylor B. J. , Neri R. , Nguyen H. T. , Oliver S. J. , Omont A. , Page M. J. , Papageorgiou A. , Pearson C. P. , Pérez-Fournon I. , Pohlen M. , Rangwala N. , Rawlings J. I. , Raymond G. , Riechers D. , Rodighiero G. , Roseboom I. G. , Rowan-Robinson M. , Schulz B. , Scott Douglas , Scott K. , Serra P. , Seymour N. , Shupe D. L. , Smith A. J. , Symeonidis M. , Tugwell K. E. , Vaccari M. , Valiante E. , Valtchanov I. , Verma A. , Viero M. P. , Vigroux L. , Wang L. , Wiebe D. , Wright G. , Xu C. K. , Zeimann G. , Zemcov M. , Zmuidzinas J. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT
We report the discovery of a bright (f(250 μm)>400 mJy),
multiply lensed submillimeter galaxy HERMES J105751.1+573027 in
Herschel/SPIRE Science Demonstration Phase data from the
HerMES project. Interferometric 880 μm Submillimeter Array observations resolve
at least four images with a large separation of ∼9″. A high-resolution adaptive
optics Kp
image with Keck/NIRC2 clearly shows strong
lensing arcs. Follow-up spectroscopy gives a redshift of z =
2.9575, and the lensing model gives a total magnification of μ ∼ 11 ± 1. The
large image separation allows us to study the multi-wavelength spectral energy
distribution (SED) of the lensed source unobscured by the central lensing mass.
The far-IR/millimeter-wave SED is well described by a modified blackbody fit
with an unusually warm dust temperature, 88 ± 3 K. We derive a lensing-corrected
total IR luminosity of (1.43 ± 0.09) ×
1013
L
☉, implying a star formation
rate of ∼2500 M
☉ yr−1. However, models
primarily developed from brighter galaxies selected at longer wavelengths are a
poor fit to the full optical-to-millimeter SED. A number of other strongly
lensed systems have already been discovered in early Herschel
data, and many more are expected as additional data are collected.
CytoModeler: a tool for bridging large-scale network analysis and dynamic quantitative modeling
Authors: Xia Tian , Van Hemert John , Dickerson Julie A. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Summary: CytoModeler is an open-source Java application based on the Cytoscape platform. It integrates large-scale network analysis and quantitative modeling by combining omics analysis on the Cytoscape platform, access to deterministic and stochastic simulators, and static and dynamic network context visualizations of simulation results.
Availability: Implemented in Java, CytoModeler runs with Cytoscape 2.6 and 2.7. Binaries, documentation and video walkthroughs are freely available at http://vrac.iastate.edu/~jlv/cytomodeler/.
Contact: julied@iastate.edu; netscape@iastate.edu
Supplementary Information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Fisheries, food security, climate change, and biodiversity: characteristics of the sector and perspectives on emerging issues
Authors: Rice Jake C. , Garcia Serge M. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractRice, J. C., and Garcia, S. M. 2011. Fisheries, food security, climate change, and biodiversity: characteristics of the sector and perspectives on emerging issues. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1343–1353. This paper reviews global projections to 2050 for human population growth and food production, both assuming constant climate and taking account of climate-related changes in growing conditions. It also reviews statistics on nutritional protein requirements, as well as how those requirements are met by fish on a regional basis. To meet projected food requirements, the production of fish has to increase by ∼50% from current levels. The paper also summarizes the main pressures on marine biodiversity that are expected to result from the impacts of changing climate on marine ecosystems, as well as the management measures and policy actions promoted to address those pressures. It highlights that most of the actions being proposed to address pressures on marine biodiversity are totally incompatible with the actions considered necessary to meet future food security needs, particularly in less developed parts of the world. The paper does not propose a solution to these conflicting pulls on policies for conservation and sustainable use. Rather, it emphasizes that there is a need for the two communities of experts and policy-makers to collaborate in finding a single compatible suite of policies and management measures, to allow coherent action on these crucial and difficult problems.
Guidelines for supportive care in multiple myeloma 2011
Authors: Snowden John A. , Ahmedzai Sam H. , Ashcroft John , D’Sa Shirley , Littlewood Timothy , Low Eric , Lucraft Helen , Maclean Rhona , Feyler Sylvia , Pratt Guy , Bird Jennifer M. ,   On behalf of the Haemato‐oncology Task Force of the British Committee for Standards in Haematology and UK Myeloma Forum
Published: April 2011

SummarySupportive care plays an increasingly important role in the modern management of multiple myeloma. While modern treatments have significantly prolonged overall and progression free survival through improved disease control, the vast majority of patients remain incurable, and live with the burden of the disease itself and the cumulative side effects of treatments. Maintenance of quality of life presents challenges at all stages of the disease from diagnosis through the multiple phases of active treatment to the end of life. Written on behalf of the British Committee for Standards in Haematology (BCSH) and the UK Myeloma Forum (UKMF), these evidence based guidelines summarize the current national consensus for supportive and symptomatic care in multiple myeloma in the following areas; pain management, peripheral neuropathy, skeletal complications, infection, anaemia, haemostasis and thrombosis, sedation, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, constipation, diarrhoea, mucositis, bisphosphonate‐induced osteonecrosis of the jaw, complementary therapies, holistic needs assessment and end of life care. Although most aspects of supportive care can be supervised by haematology teams primarily responsible for patients with multiple myeloma, multidisciplinary collaboration involving specialists in palliative medicine, pain management, radiotherapy and surgical specialities is essential, and guidance is provided for appropriate interdisciplinary referral. These guidelines should be read in conjunction with the BCSH/UKMF Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Multiple Myeloma 2011.
Management of Paroxysmal Nocturnal Haemoglobinuria: a personal view
Authors: Luzzatto Lucio , Gianfaldoni Giacomo , Notaro Rosario 
Published: April 2011

SummaryParoxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) is a serious form of acquired haemolytic anaemia with several features that make it unique, including the fact that it is caused by clonal expansion, in the context of bone marrow failure, of a haematopoietic stem cell that has a somatic mutation in a gene crucial for the synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors; and that this also produces a life‐threatening acquired thrombophilic state. Until recently, the two only main options for patients with PNH were either allogeneic bone marrow transplantation or supportive management, including blood transfusion: both options require some skill and good patient‐doctor collaboration. Since the start of this millennium a major advance has been the introduction of eculizumab, a monoclonal antibody that targets the C5 protein of the complement system: blockade of C5 prevents activation of the complement distal pathway, and thus abrogates the complement‐mediated intravascular haemolysis that severely plagues patients with PNH. This review outlines an approach to the management of all three major components of the clinical picture of PNH – namely haemolysis, thrombosis and bone marrow failure – based on the literature and on personal experience. We consider specifically how the use of eculizumab has modified other aspects of the management of PNH, and even the pathophysiology itself of this disease. Finally, we develop a treatment algorithm which others might find helpful.
Oral dehydroepiandrosterone replacement in older adults: effects on central adiposity, glucose metabolism and blood lipids
Authors: Jankowski Catherine M. , Gozansky Wendolyn S. , Van Pelt Rachael E. , Wolfe Pamela , Schwartz Robert S. , Kohrt Wendy M. 
Published: April 2011

SummaryObjective  To determine the effects of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) therapy on changes in central adiposity, insulin action and blood lipids. Many of the actions of DHEA in humans are thought to be mediated through its conversion to sex hormones, which are modulators of adiposity, muscularity and insulin sensitivity. The effects of DHEA replacement on regional tissue composition, glucose metabolism and blood lipid profile in older adults have been inconsistent.Design  A randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled trial. The intervention was oral DHEA 50 mg/day or placebo for 12 months.Participants  Fifty‐eighty women and 61 men, aged 60–88 years, with low serum DHEA sulphate (DHEAS) levels at study entry.Measurements  Computed tomography measures of abdominal fat areas, thigh muscle and fat areas, DXA‐derived trunk fat mass, serum glucose and insulin responses to an oral glucose challenge, and fasted serum total cholesterol, HDL‐cholesterol, LDL‐cholesterol and triglycerides were assessed before and after the intervention.Results  There were no significant (P > 0·05) differences between the DHEA and placebo groups in the changes in regional tissue composition or glucose metabolism. HDL‐cholesterol (P = 0·01) and fasted triglycerides (P = 0·02) decreased in women and men taking DHEA.Conclusion  Restoring serum DHEAS levels in older adults to young adult levels for 1 year does not appear to reduce central adiposity or improve insulin action. The benefit of DHEA on decreasing serum triglycerides must be weighed against the HDL‐lowering effect.