bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P02-138 - Reliability and Validity of the Ref Scale for Referential Thinking
Authors: Senín-Calderón M.C. , Rodríguez-Testal J.F. , Fernández-Jiménez E. , Valdés-Díaz M. , Benítez-Hernández M.M. , Fuentes-Márquez S. 
Published: June 2010

AntecedentsIn previous works we demonstrated the utility of the REF scale for the assessment referential thinking (Rodríguez-Testal et al., 2001) although it wasn't specific for patients with psychotic disorder (Rodríguez-Testal et al., 2008).Objectives and hypothesesWe analyzed the psychometric properties of reliability and validity of the REF scale. We compared the differences in referential thinking between subjects with and without psychopathology. In the patient group we will not obtain differences in referential-thinking between diagnosis types of Axis I, Axis II, or patients with diagnoses on both axes.MethodsParticipants: 120 subjects, 70 patients attending a private center of clinic psychology, 64.3 % women, mean age = 35.21 (SD = 10.5) and 50 controls selected from the normal population, 54 % women, mean age = 33.48 (SD = 10.83).It was applied a cross design for a correlation method of comparison between groups. All the analysis were accepted at p< .05.ResultsWe reached adequate internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha= .90, split-half reliability= .83 and .82). The test-restest reliability was significant (mean interval of 44 days). There are significant differences in referential thinking between subjects with and without psychopathology (t=3.8; p=.001). There are significant differences in referential thinking between types of diagnoses (F=3.99; p=.001).ConclusionsThe REF scale has adequate psychometric properties (reliability and validity). It discriminated between patients and no-patients, and between the different types of diagnoses, especially for those who suffer psychotic disorders.
P02-140 - The REF Scale: a Good Indicator to Differentiate the Two Subtypes of Paranoia “Bad Me” and “Poor Me”?
Authors: Fernández-Jiménez E. , Senín-Calderón M.C. , Rodríguez-Testal J.F. , Benítez-Hernández M.M. , Fuentes-Márquez S. , Valdés-Díaz M. 
Published: June 2010

Previously (Rodríguez-Testal et al., 2001) we analysed the multidimensionality of Referential Thinking Scale, obtaining similar results to original research of Lenzenweger et al. (1997) but warning about the construction of subscales.ObjectivesIn this study we intended to analyse if the REF Scale is a good indicator to differentiate the two subtypes of paranoia “Bad Me” and “Poor Me” (Trower & Chadwick, 1995).MethodsParticipants: We analyzed data from a different sample of previous studies with 326 participants (64.11% women, mean age 30.8, SD = 10.84), of whom 212 were patients.Design, materials and procedure: We used the REF-scale (Lenzenweger et al., 1997) adapted to Spanish language, of which we deleted two items because of psychometric criteria, resulting 32 dichotomic items. We used SPSS 15.0 to conduct a principal-components factor analysis with a varimax and oblimin rotation, retaining two factors.ResultsTwo factors explained 31.32% of the variance (rotated solution). We interpreted factor through factor loadings higher than .42. Factor 1 accounted for 18.28% of the variance and it's associated with referential laughter, commentaries and guilt. Factor 2 accounted for 13.05% of the variance and it's associated with referential concerns related to the media.ConclusionsSince the inter-factor correlation is moderate (.44) and there are no relevant clinical differences about the content between the two factors, the REF scale is a one-dimensional measure. Therefore, two big factors don’t emerge from the REF scale related to referential concerns about laughter-commentaries and guilt that correspond to “Poor Me” and “Bad Me”, respectively.
P02-147 - Changing Feelings: How the Serotonin Transporter Genotype Modulates Emotion Regulation
Authors: Firk C. , Siep N. , Markus C.R. 
Published: June 2010

Major depression (MD) is one of the most common disease burdens throughout the world. Understanding the pathophysiology of MD is therefore a major challenge in psychology and psychiatry. One major risk factor for MD is stress. However, the risk of depression after stressful life events is much greater in individuals with possession of the short variant (S) compared to the long variant (L) of the serotonin transporter polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR). But why?One intriguing possibility is that 5-HTTLPR-S carriers show reduced cognitive downregulation of negative emotional information, through which negative emotional information is easily interpreted as stressful thereby increasing the risk of depression. In support of this hypothesis, a hyperresponsiveness (i.e. in 5-HTTLPR-S carriers compared to 5-HTTLPR-L carriers) of the amygdala in response to emotionally negative information has been found. Further, amygdala reactivity is negatively correlated with cognitive down regulation (cognitive reappraisal) of emotionally negative information.To explore the effect of cognitive reappraisal on neural and behavioral emotional responses, instructed emotion regulation (i.e. instructing participants to down-regulate or up-regulate the impact of negative emotional stimuli by reinterpreting the meaning of an emotional event) can be applied.Therefore, the main aim of the current study is to investigate whether the effects of cognitive reappraisal of negative emotional information (by instructed reappraisal) on neural and behavioral emotional responses is modulated by 5-HTTLPR genotype using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
P02-151 - The Antisaccadic CNV in Patients with Schizophrenia and Paraphilia
Authors: Kirenskaya A. , Kamenskov M. , Myamlin V. , Tkachenko A. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to assess the frontal cortex functioning in schizophrenics and patients with paraphilia using CNV analysis in antisaccade paradigm.Methods9 paranoid schizophrenics, 13 patients with stereotyped forms of paraphilia, and 10 healthy subjects performed horizontal antisaccades. All participants were right-handed males. EEG was recorded from 19 sites. Mean amplitudes of slow negative potentials time-locked to peripheral target (CNV) were analyzed over two intervals: 1000-800 ms (early CNV), and 200-0 ms (late CNV) before peripheral target. Fixation period was 1200-1400 ms.ResultsSignificant increase of errors was revealed in patients with schizophrenia (13,6±4,4%) and parafilia (12,4±2,8%) compared to controls (4,1±1,0%). The significant between-group differences were obtained for the amplitude of early CNV, related to cognitive aspects of preparatory set. Bilateral frontal-central-parietal distribution of early CNV with a maximal amplitude at the saggital sites (Fz, Cz) was observed in control subjects. Significant decline of the CNV amplitude most pronounced in the saggital frontal region (Fz) was found in schizophrenics compared to controls. In patients with paraphilia the negativity zone didn't include central and parietal regions, but CNV amplitude at frontal sites didn't differ from control values.ConclusionsThe obtained results demonstrate that poor antisaccade performance was associated with different neural mechanisms in patients with schizophrenia and paraphilia.The deficit of frontal activation was found in schizophrenic patients. Lack of the activation of central-parietal region in paraphilia group may reflect dysturbed interaction between cortical and subcortical systems involved in the executive regulation of behavior.
P02-155 - Enhanced Non-planning Impulsivity in Schizophrenia-addiction Comorbidity is Related to Anterior Cingulate and Frontopolar Gray Matter Volumes
Authors: Schiffer B. 
Published: June 2010

Despite the high prevalence of comorbid substance abuse in schizophrenia, there is still little knowledge about the influence of comorbidity on neuro-cognitive function, impulsivity and its impact on the brain.The present study sought to determine whether addicted and non-addicted schizophrenic patients are impaired differentially on relevant domains of executive functions and impulsivity, and whether specific volumetric correlates exist.Using voxel-based morphometry on high-resolution MRI data, we set out to examine the anatomical correlates of impulsivity and several executive domains (cognitive flexibility, working memory, inhibition and planning).We recruited a total of 51 participants for this study. The schizophrenia group comprised 24 patients (12 patients with paranoid schizophrenia and 12 with additional comorbid substance abuse). The comparison group comprised 27 age and education matched non-schizophrenic individuals (14 healthy controls and 13 patients with substance use disorders).Gray matter volume deficits were present in all patient groups but were greatest not in the comorbid but in the substance abuse group. With regard to this, lateral OFC volume reductions seems to be more schizophrenia related, whereas recuctions in the medial OFC seems to be addiction related. Further, non-planning impulsivity seemed to be increased in comorbid patients as compared to non-addicted schizophrenics and associated with anterior cingulate, and frontopolar brain volumes.The present study indicates severe volume and executive deficits in schizophrenia which are, however, only partially exacerbated by comorbid addiction. However there are pronounced and clinically relevant differences regarding non-planning impulsivity between these groups, which were represented also by volume alterations.
P02-158 - Emotional Responses in Excessive Players of Violent Video Games - an fMRI-study
Authors: te Wildt B.T. , Rojas S. , Sachs S. , Wedegärtner F. , Szycik G. 
Published: June 2010

To assess empathic and aversive emotional responses of excessive players of violent video games, both 20 male gamers and 20 controls, age and education matched were examined with functional MRI.The examinations focused on resting state activity, voxelbased morphometry and the functional scanning of diverse aspects of emotional processing. The actual fMRI-scans were performed under presentation of pictures taken from the IAPS. To put the obtained fMRI-results in a broader context, the participants were examined with psychometrically.The first-person-shooter players, half of whom fulfilled the criteria of computer game dependency, scored significantly higher (p ≤ .05) in 4 out of 6 factors of aggressiveness as measured by the FAF. The general aggression scale of the FAF correlates significantly positively (p≤ .05; r=−.515) with the Perspective Taking Scale of the Interpersonality Reactivity Index (IRI), while a couple of the FAF-Subscales correlate likewise with the Empathic Response Scale.Within the measurement of resting state activity, differences in the Default Mode-network between players and controls could be shown. The excessive gamers exhibited significant differences within the ACC as compared to controls. This cluster significantly correlates with the FAF-Subscale for self aggression/depression. The calculation of ANOVA design of the functional experiment with picture presentation did not reveal differences in terms of group level. Yet, the analysis of the singular conditions has shown differences in the fusiform gyrus. This may point to unbalanced material for stimulation in terms of visual procession of facial presentations.The fMRI-results are discussed against the background of the psychometric findings.
P01-411 - Development of Heart Disease Treatment, and Mortality, from 1994 to 2006 among Persons with Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Nordentoft M. , Laursen T.M. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectiveHeart disease mortality rates in persons with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are greatly increased, compared to the general population. The objective was to assess the development during the period 1994 to 2006 of the heart disease mortality gap between persons with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or other psychiatric disorders and the general population, evaluated in the light of rates of somatic hospitalization and invasive heart disease procedures.MethodSurvival analysis was used to analyze heart disease mortality and somatic care trends in a cohort of all persons residing in Denmark.ResultsHeart disease mortality in persons with schizophrenia remained on a high and stable level throughout the follow-up period, whereas cohort members without psychiatric disorders had declining heart disease mortality. The result is an increasing mortality gap with a significant mortality rate ratio trend equalling 1.12 with 95% CI (1.08, 1.15) for every second year. This was not the case for persons with bipolar disorder or other psychiatric disorders. Somatic hospitalization and invasive procedure were on a low level throughout the entire period, among persons with schizophrenia.ConclusionsThe reason for the widening of the mortality gap between persons with schizophrenia and the rest of the cohort members can be partly explained by the lack of improvement in treatment procedures, which is illustrated by the very low rates of invasive cardiac procedures. However, other reasons, such as antipsychotic-induced weight gain and difficulty following such advice as to stop smoking can also be part of the explanation.
P02-160 - Psyatric Disorders at the Patients in the Tertiary Phase of Syphilis
Authors: Boldi I. , Shpak N. , Shpak T. , Coriton A. 
Published: June 2010

Nowadays, the syphilis, a rare and ancient diseae, is present from time to time in the various fields of medicine. In its tertiary phase, the psychiatric signs are atypical, making the diagnosis more difficult.The authors present the case reports of the patients beeing in the tertiary phase, the ways in which they establish the diagnosis and, also, the global treatment.it is important to be done a serological diagnosis to all the patients that come and are hospitalized for the first time in psychiatry.We present the serological test results of the patients who are hospitalized in the CH of Rennes, in the last three years.
P02-166 - Mental Health Policy and Planning in Ireland
Authors: Datta A. , Frewen J. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionAlthough the world is suffering from an increasing burden of mental disorders, budgets allocated for mental health in the majority of countries make up a relatively small proportion of total health expenditures.ObjectivesTo review the mental health situation in Ireland with regards to mental health Policy and Planning through review of relevant literature.AimTo assess the extent of mental health problems in Ireland and discuss the obstacles and priorities in Mental Health Policy and Planning to achieving good mental health in Ireland.MethodologyTo review available hardcopy and internet literature since WHO 2001 health report regarding current mental health situation, issues that are significant obstacles to implementation of mental health policy and what should be prioritised in order to achieve good mental health in Ireland.ResultsIn Ireland 24-25% of the population develop mental health problems at some point but only 7% of the health budget is allocated to mental health services. Mental health services are not equitable. There is a need for reorganisation of services and transitional funding. There are human resource shortages and lack of transparency and accountability especially around past expenditures.ResultsThe core problem with mental health services in Ireland is an increasingly shrinking budget with poor financial administration consistent with lack of or inadequate implementation of mental health policy. The stumbling block in mental health policy implementation is the lack of a clear authority with defined responsibility for overall mental health policy and budgetary matters.
P02-179 - “To be in Change”. The Interaction Process by Nurse Students and Patients/users in the Field of District Psychiatric Practice
Authors: Sæterstrand T.M. , Holm S.G. 
Published: June 2010

BackgroundThe objective of the study is to gain knowledge about the interaction process by nurse students and users in the field of District Psychiatry practice in Norway.MethodA qualitative study design was chosen. The data came from the students written day books and from focus-group interviews repeated two times in the two different eight weeks period of practice. 28 students were interviewed and 16 students delivered the day books.ResultsAnalyzing the data was done by using grounded theory as described by Strauss & Corbin (1997). The main process was called “To be in change”. The findings were insecurity in between users and students, security in between users and students. The interaction process between users and students was to Balance.Conclusions and implicationsBased on this result, we need to focus on the students need for time for reflections over practice and the need for time to discuss their personal competence as well as their learning process in this field of practice.
P02-181 - The Belarusian Republican Research and Practical Center of Mental Health: the Main Directions of the Development
Authors: Igumnov S. 
Published: June 2010

The Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Mental Health (RSPC MH) was founded on 4 February, 2009 in Minsk, the Republic of Belarus.The main directions of the development of the RSPC MH are as following:1.The study of the actual problems of the psychiatry of elderly age as well as Alzheimer disease and other neurodegenerative disorders, epidemiological researches in the Republic of Belarus, working out clinical and psychological tools for the assessment of cognitive functions; implementation of psychiatric approaches peculiar to elderly age into general medicine;2.Developing of innovative methods of diagnostics and treatment of mental and behavioral disorders in extreme situations;3.The study of the problem of the due diagnostics and therapy of affective disorders, working out of the national standards of diagnostics and treatment of depressions and other affective disorders, implementation of the methods of diagnostics of “hidden depression” into general medical practice;4.The study of actual problems of child and adolescent psychiatry: epidemiological researches in the Republic of Belarus, introducing of the tools for psychological assessment of cognitive functions in early childhood; elaborating of the correction and prophylactic programs aimed at prevention of behavioral deviations, alcohol and drug dependence, “non-chemical” addictions such as gambling and “technological addictions” among adolescents;5.Identification of psychological and social-demographic factors influencing the indices of the quality of life of the patients suffered from mental disorders as well as chronic somatic diseases;6.Developing of innovative methods of diagnostics and prevention of suicidal and parasuicidal behavior.
P02-188 - Antecedents of Spiritual Distress Experienced by Iranian Muslim Patients: a Qualitative Study
Authors: Karimollahi M. , Abedi H.A. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionThe World Health Organization (WHO) (1998) has proclaimed that the definition of health includes four Domains of well-being: physical, mental, social and spiritual. It is therefore suggested that nurses should prepare themselves to assist individuals and families, not only to cope with spiritual distress of illness and suffering but also to explore the meaning in these experiences. The purpose of this investigation is to explore the antecedents of spiritual distress experienced by Iranian Muslim patients in the context of Islam.Methodsqualitative descriptive research was conducted using unstructured interviews with twenty-one patients and three relatives. The data analyzed using content analysis method.Resultsthree main categories were found: failure in communication, non-holistic care and inability to worshipConclusionThe results showed that the patient's spiritual well-being could be enhanced by communication, listening and giving information. Finally, it is clear that staff members have a great deal of responsibility for the patient's well-being, facilitating the relatives’ involvement based on their wishes and limiting the stress and difficulties experienced by the family.
P02-189 - Sharing the Wealth: a Collaborative Model of Mental Health Services
Authors: Kljenak D. , Rabin K. , Lackstrom J. 
Published: June 2010

Current economic realities and funding challenges necessitate organizations to engage in creative solutions that meet ongoing and increasingly complex needs of the clients being served. The creation of the Toronto Urban Health Alliance (TUHA) is a collaborative partnership between six community health centres (CHC) and a hospital-based mental health program to maximize limited resources.Objectives1.Understand the concept and benefits of a collaborative care model through a case based presentation2.Become familiar with best practices for the successful implementation and ongoing service delivery of collaborative mental health careAimsTUHA's aim is to improve access to mental health services and strengthen each Community Health Centres’ capacity to meet the mental health needs of its clients through a “shared care model”.MethodsThis case based presentation will illustrate the benefits and promising practices of implementing such a modelResultsA shared care model is generally utilized within a particular organization to foster collaborative work among multidisciplinary teams. The unique feature of TUHA is the partnership between six different community health centres and mental health specialists using a common set of principles and objectives to sustain and enhance the quality of service being offered in the community.ConclusionsReflections on a multi-site partnership in the delivery of a collaborative model within a large urban centre creates a platform to determine the possibility of replicating a similar model in other communities.
P02-191 - Efficacy of Melatonin in Treating Insomnia Associated with Behcet's Disease - Case Report
Authors: Kouroumalos N. , Korevi K. , Marketos N. , Sakkas D. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesStudy aims in describing a case of insomnia associated with Behcet's disease and responding to treatment with melatonin.Method (case report)Case concerns a 59-year-old female arriving at our outpatient ward complaining of insomnia. Her sleep pattern was disturbed in a way that she has been sleeping for about an hour daily for the last two years. The problem had started five years ago, her sleep progressively deteriorating with time. She also mentioned a feeling of exhaustion being present every day during the last year and lasting all day long, difficulty in concentrating in the performance of everyday activities and also a feeling of hopelessness affecting her daily mood. All of the above were progressing as insomnia was persisting. Her medical history was significant for Behcet's disease diagnosed about 20 years before and being treated with corticosteroids.Results (treatment-outcome)Initially patient was prescribed lorazepam at a dose of 2.5 mg and melatonin 5mg, both once daily before bedtime. After 10 days, patient has started responding, sleep having increased from 1 to 2.5 hours daily. At that time, dose of lorazepam was halved. After altogether 25 days, patient was sleeping for about 5 hours daily, lorazepam was stopped and melatonin was increased at 10mg before bedtime. By the end of the 3rd month and whilst making no further adjustments in medication, patient was sleeping for 6 to 6.5 hours per night.ConclusionsMelatonin seemed effective in treating insomnia associated with Behcet's disease, arising either from disease itself or corticosteroid treatment.