bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Keep These Women Quiet:” Colonial Modernity, Nationalism, and the Female Barbarous Custom
Authors: Ibrahim Abdullahi Ali 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis paper revisits the Rufa’a revolt/riot (1946) in the Sudan led by Mahmoud M. Taha, the elderly Islamic, modernist reformer executed by President Nimerie in 1985, to abolish legislation against female circumcision imposed by the British. Although revered as a martyr for his courage facing death for his beliefs, Taha has been unrelentingly castigated for opposing a measure that intended allegedly to rescue women from this barbarous custom. Not even Taha’s subsequent unprecedented labor for women’s rights took the edge off this criticism of his stand on female circumcision in 1946.The paper will argue that this conflicted view about Tahas’ feminist legacy arose from a sorrowful dichotomy in scholarship about the Sudan. The culturally sensitive feminist writings about female circumcision in the country failed to influence the narrative of Sudanese nationalism. In this narrative colonial modernity’s claim to civilize the “natives” (like rescuing colonial women from their male oppressors) has been widely accepted. Worse, this rescue mission is currently missed and nostalgically remembered as a golden past by both scholars and laymen who were turned off by the disarray of independent Sudan.Drawing on postcolonialism, the paper will seek to bridge the gulf between Sudan feminism and nationalism scholarships to rehabilitate the feminist outlook and praxis of Taha, a consummate, different nationalist. The colonial rescue concept, or modernity, will be viewed as a form of a “colonial nonsense” as developed by Homi Bhabha. This nonsense is an evidence of the sterility of colonialism, an alleged modernist project, torn between the demands of the metropolis raised in the custom of democracy, and the administrative constraints of the colony mired in the custom of power.
The Cognitive Appeal of the Cosmological Argument*
Authors: De Cruz Helen , De Smedt Johan 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe cosmological argument has enjoyed and still enjoys substantial popularity in various traditions of natural theology. We propose that its enduring appeal is due at least in part to its concurrence with human cognitive predispositions, in particular intuitions about causality and agency. These intuitions seem to be a stable part of human cognition. We will consider implications for the justification of the cosmological argument from externalist and internalist perspectives.
Marketing ‘Women’s Medicines:’ Gender, OTC Herbal Medicines and Medical Culture in Modern Japan1
Authors: Burns Susan L. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis essay examines the marketing of ‘women’s medicines’ as a means to understand the evolving relationship between commodity culture and medical culture from the nineteenth century to the present. It examines the print advertisements associated with two of the best-known medicinal products for women, Tsumura Corporation’s Jitsubosan and Kitani Company’s Chūjōtō, two herbal decoctions that claimed efficacy for a wide range of gender specific ills. From the late nineteenth century through the 1950s, as Tsumura and Kitani negotiated the government-sponsored program of medical modernization and an intensely competitive pharmaceutical marketplace, they responded with aggressive advertisement campaigns that medicalised the female body by defining an expanding list of symptoms that required treatment. In the 1950s, however, Kitani and Tsumura confronted a declining market as clinic-based care became routine. As a result, they experimented with new products, defined new efficacies, and ultimately succeeded in repositioning their products in relation to the care now readily available from medical professionals.
An evaluation of a worksite exercise intervention using the social cognitive theory
Authors: Amaya Megan , Petosa RL 
Published: June 2011

Purpose: To increase exercise adherence among insufficiently active adult employees. Design: A quasi-experimental separate samples pre-test–post-test group design was used to compare treatment and comparison group. Setting: The worksite. Subjects: Employees ( n = 127) who did not meet current American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) recommendations for exercise. Intervention: An eight-week educational programme targeting the social cognitive theory constructs. Measures: Free-living exercise, self-regulation, self-efficacy, social support, and outcome expectations and expectancies. Measurement was at pre-test, post-test, one month and three months post-intervention. Analysis: One-way analysis of variance. Results: The treatment group reported important increases in exercise and mediators of exercise. There was a significant difference between groups for moderate intensity exercise and vigorous intensity exercise at post-test and follow-up ( p = .001). There was a significant difference between groups for self-regulation at post-test and follow-up ( p = .001). There was not a significant difference between groups for self-efficacy or outcome expectancies. Family and friend social support group differences were non-significant at post-test and one-month follow-up, but was significant difference at three-month follow-up ( p = .001). Outcome expectations and expectancies were non-significant at all time periods. Conclusion: The educational intervention was effective in increasing the exercise rates of employees at the worksite.
The influence of parent–adolescent relationship quality, parental monitoring, and peer substance use on substance use in South Korean high school students: Using latent growth curve modelling
Authors: Lee Julie 
Published: June 2011

Objective: Substance use, such as alcohol and tobacco, is becoming a critical problem in the area of health promotion and preventive programme. Furthermore, the onset of alcohol use has been becoming increasingly earlier. This study examined developmental trajectories of substance use among high school students in South Korea and effects of peer substance on such trajectories, and also examined the moderating effects of parent–adolescent relationship quality and parental monitoring in the link between peer substance use and adolescents’ own substance use. Methods: This study used the Korea Youth Panel Survey (KYPS), a nationally-representative sample of 3,125 high school students. The participants were in the 10th grade when first recruited and assessed annually from 2005 to 2007. A latent growth curve model was used for the analysis Results: Substance use in Korean high school students increased over time. Peer substance use was associated more strongly with the initial level of adolescent substance uses than parenting. Parent–adolescent relationship quality moderated the association between peer and adolescent substance use. Conclusion: The effect of peer substance use was most strongly associated with the initial level and growth of adolescents’ own substance use.
Focusing on the adult attachment style in schizophrenia in community mental health centres: Validation of the Psychosis Attachment Measure (PAM) in a German-speaking sample
Authors: Kvrgic Sara , Beck Eva-Marina , Cavelti Marialuisa , Kossowsky Joe , Stieglitz Rolf-Dieter , Vauth Roland 
Published: June 2011

Background: Assessing attachment style in people with schizophrenia may be important to identify a risk factor in building a strong therapeutic relationship and so indirectly to understand the development of mal-compliance as one of the major obstacles in the treatment of schizophrenia. Aims: The present study analysed the psychometric properties of the German version of the Psychosis Attachment Measure (PAM), which assesses avoidant and anxious attachment style. Methods: A sample of 127 patients suffering from chronic schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder participated in this study. In testing discriminant validity, we assessed psychopathology, depression, therapeutic relationship and service engagement. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability and factor structure were analysed. Results: The German version of PAM exhibited acceptable to good internal and test-retest reliabilities and the two-factor structure of the English version could be replicated. Avoidant attachment style was related to higher levels of positive symptoms and to a poorer therapeutic relationship. In the context of external validation, a regression analysis revealed that a poor therapeutic relationship correlated with avoidant attachment style, independent of anxious attachment style and depressive symptoms. Anxious attachment was associated with higher treatment adherence. Both insecure attachment styles (avoidant and anxious) were found to be correlated with higher levels of depression, but only attachment anxiety had an independent predictive value for self-reported depression in regression analysis. Conclusions: The German version of PAM displayed satisfactory psychometric properties and seems to be a reliable measure for assessing attachment style in individuals with schizophrenia. Validation of PAM led to the finding that only the avoidant attachment style might be a risk factor when building a strong therapeutic relationship in schizophrenia. In future studies, other factors influencing therapeutic relationship should be taken into account. Anxious attachment style may be a risk factor for depression, but it also has an enhancing effect on treatment adherence.
The roles of transparency and trust in the relationship between corruption and citizen satisfaction
Authors: Park Heungsik , Blenkinsopp John 
Published: June 2011

Reducing corruption and improving citizen satisfaction are important aims of government, yet the link between these two policy aims has rarely been explored. This article reports a study into the roles played by transparency and trust in the relationship between governmental corruption and citizen satisfaction with public services. The study was based on data gathered in South Korea to evaluate a specific initiative that had sought to reduce corruption and increase citizen satisfaction with public works programmes. The data indicated that the relationship between corruption and satisfaction was moderated by transparency and partially mediated by trust. Points for practitioners The study sheds light on the roles of transparency and trust in the relationship between corruption and citizen satisfaction with public services, and thus provides insights for developing policy aimed at curtailing corruption and improving satisfaction.
How are they paid? A study of civil service pay in China
Authors: Chan Hon S. , Jun Ma  
Published: June 2011

The importance of pay in developing a professional, effective, and honest civil service is widely recognized. The World Bank and OECD have made uninterrupted efforts to encourage many developing countries to carry out pay reform. This study provides useful information for researchers and practitioners to compare civil service pay reform between China and other developing countries. It assesses the level of civil service pay by comparing it with pay in other sectors in China, using updated and credible data recently made available. It clarifies several points in the debate over civil service pay in China and provides new perspectives on the issue of whether the civil service pay in China is high or low. The analysis and findings in this study will be of interest to researchers and practitioners beyond China because the Chinese experience with civil service pay reform has important points in common with similar reforms elsewhere. For example, the Chinese phenomenon of large, non-wage, largely unreported and unofficial, civil service pay in China resembles practices in developing nations such as Vietnam, Egypt, Tanzania, Zambia, and Uganda. Nonetheless, to the extent that pay reform is driven by internal circumstances, strategies and objectives are likely to differ even though the basic problems of wage disparities, anti-corruption, and low civil service performance are similar. Given its economic importance and valuable reform experiences, China may provide a model for reforms elsewhere. This study also provides a benchmark for future research and cautions researchers to view official pay scales potentially as serious understatements of actual remuneration. Points for practitioners Many developing and transitional countries have attempted to reform their pay systems, with mixed results. This study provides useful information for researchers and practitioners to compare civil service pay reform between China and other countries. China’s experience in establishing a new civil service pay system provides two useful lessons for practitioners elsewhere. First, the elimination of non-wage income is vital to successful pay reform. Second, reining in non-wage income requires budgetary reform, whereby off-budgetary funds that finance non-wage benefits are incorporated into the formal budget and subjected to proper supervision. China can also learn from other developing and transitional countries’ experiences, particularly with regard to public sector downsizing.
Putting public service motivation into context: a balance between universalism and particularism
Authors: Giauque David , Ritz Adrian , Varone Frédéric , Anderfuhren-Biget Simon , Waldner Christian 
Published: June 2011

Research on Public Service Motivation (PSM) has increased enormously in the last 20 years. Besides the analysis of the antecedents of PSM and its impact on organizations and individuals, many open questions about the nature of PSM itself still remain. This article argues that the theoretical construct of PSM should be contextualized by integrating the political and administrative contexts of public servants when investigating their specific attitudes towards working in a public environment. It also challenges the efficacy of the classic four-dimensional structure of PSM when it is applied to a specific context. The findings of a confirmatory factor analysis from a dataset of 3754 employees of 279 Swiss municipalities support the appropriateness of contextualizing parts of the PSM construct. They also support the addition of an extra dimension called, according to previous research, Swiss democratic governance. With regard to our results, there is a need for further PSM research to set a definite measure of PSM, particularly in regard to the international diffusion of empirical research on PSM. Points for practitioners This study shows that public service motivation is a relevant construct for practitioners and may be used to better assess whether public agents are motivated by values or not. Nevertheless, it stresses also that the measurement of PSM must be adapted to the institutional context as well. Public managers interested in understanding better the degree to which their employees are motivated by public values must be aware that the measurement of this PSM construct has to be contextualized. In other words, PSM is also a function of the institutional environment in which organizations operate.
Factors contributing to burnout among perfusionists in the United States
Authors: Bui J , Hodge A , Shackelford A , Acsell J 
Published: June 2011

Introduction: As the job climate continues to change, many perfusionists are faced with high employee turnover rates, working longer hours, and increased stress related to more complex surgeries. Understanding the sources of professional burnout and stress may allow the formulation of a strategy to help prevent such negative outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine the current level of stress and burnout among perfusionists. Methods: A questionnaire was constructed with the use of SurveyMonkey®. Invitations requesting participation in the survey were distributed by electronic mail to members of PerfList and PerfMail. To assess burnout, components of the well-established Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) tool were used. Results: At p<0.05, job demand variables such as stress level, conflict, call duties, hours worked, and case load were all shown to have a statistically significant relationship to burnout. Conclusion: The study found that, among the various factors, job demands were the most likely culprit contributing to burnout. Stress level and conflict, in particular, had the strongest association to burnout.
Relationships between antithrombin activity, anticoagulant efficacy of heparin therapy and perioperative variables in patients undergoing cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Muedra V , Bonanad S , Gómez M , Villalonga V , Sánchez F , Llopis J E 
Published: June 2011

Introduction: A study on 149 cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) patients was performed to elucidate possible relationships between antithrombin (AT) activity and a subject’s clinical profile or surgery characteristics. Methods: An initial dose (300 IU/kg) of heparin was administered before CPB. Additional boluses (100 IU/kg) were administered if the activated clotting time (ACT)≤460 s. AT activity and hematological parameters were determined preoperatively, during and after CPB, and at 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours post-intervention. Results: 29.5% patients required an additional dose of heparin during CPB. Preoperative AT was 96.5 ± 13.9% in all but 4 patients. AT was significantly lower during CPB and upon leaving the operating room (59.7%-80.0%). A small, but significant, inverse correlation was observed between AT at the end of CPB and the patient’s age, as well as between basal preoperative AT and total heparin administered. Conclusions: Patient’s age could be a moderate indicator of AT activity drop and low preoperative AT activity could be a sign of reduced anticoagulant efficacy of heparin during CPB.
Response to ‘Defacing The Currency?’ by Christopher Scanlon and John Adlam
Authors: Tubert-Oklander Juan 
Published: June 2011

This article deals with social and political matters, which we do not usually address. It is a clear example of group-analytic thinking, applied to an urgent social problem: the plight of the homeless, the dangerous and the disordered, who reject the aid of the ‘helping’ agencies and their workers. The reference to Diogenes the Cynic, whose borderline position, neither in nor out of society, allowed him to question the political currency of Athens, is a metaphor of our own critical position as group-analysts. The Diogenes paradigm is a way of living, thinking and acting in the fringe, neither fully in society nor completely out of it. This is the place of both the victims of society and its critics. An ‘inside’ may only exist as a result of the creation of an ‘outside’. The mental health professionals, living in a housed state of mind, are at odds to imagine and understand the un-housed and dis-membered states that these people strive to express by their choice of dwelling place and way of living. This breeds a mutual misunderstanding, only overcome when they listen to each other and develop a dialogue, which brings both parties a new understanding of oneself, the other, and their mutual plight. This places a heavy load on the mental health practitioners, since it is bound to throw them into a crisis, as they question their own position vis-à-vis an inadequate social system. It is a most painful enterprise, which cannot be done alone, but only as a member of a group. The authors’ answer to this problem is the Diogenes paradigm— understood as a way of critical thinking that favours the meeting of groups of like-minded professionals involved in the inquiry of these deeply traumatizing and excluding processes. Since the problem is much wider than the plight of the homeless and their would-be helpers, this reviewer believes that the proposal should be amplified to include non-professional community groups. This is not just a question of community psychiatry and social work, but of community survival, and it concerns us all.
PR-domain–containing Mds1-Evi1 is critical for long-term hematopoietic stem cell function
Authors: Zhang Yi , Stehling-Sun Sandra , Lezon-Geyda Kimberly , Juneja Subhash C. , Coillard Lucie , Chatterjee Gouri , Wuertzer Charles A. , Camargo Fernando , Perkins Archibald S. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
The Mds1 and Evi1 complex locus (Mecom) gives rise to several alternative transcripts implicated in leukemogenesis. However, the contribution that Mecom-derived gene products make to normal hematopoiesis remains largely unexplored. To investigate the role of the upstream transcription start site of Mecom in adult hematopoiesis, we created a mouse model with a lacZ knock-in at this site, termed MEm1, which eliminates Mds1-Evi1 (ME), the longer, PR-domain–containing isoform produced by the gene (also known as PRDM3). β-galactosidase–marking studies revealed that, within hematopoietic cells, ME is exclusively expressed in the stem cell compartment. ME deficiency leads to a reduction in the number of HSCs and a complete loss of long-term repopulation capacity, whereas the stem cell compartment is shifted from quiescence to active cycling. Genetic exploration of the relative roles of endogenous ME and EVI1 isoforms revealed that ME preferentially rescues long-term HSC defects. RNA-seq analysis in Lin−Sca-1+c-Kit+ cells (LSKs) of MEm1 documents near complete silencing of Cdkn1c, encoding negative cell-cycle regulator p57-Kip2. Reintroduction of ME into MEm1 LSKs leads to normalization of both p57-Kip2 expression and growth control. Our results clearly demonstrate a critical role of PR-domain–containing ME in linking p57-kip2 regulation to long-term HSC function.
Thrombogenicity and cardiovascular effects of ambient air pollution
Authors: Franchini Massimo , Mannucci Pier Mannuccio 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Exposure to air pollution is associated with adverse effects on health. In particular, a strong epidemiologic association is observed between acute and chronic exposures to particulate matter and the occurrence of cardiovascular events, coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease and venous thromboembolism, especially among older people and people with diabetes and previous cardiovascular conditions. Multiple mechanisms have been postulated to cause the increase in atherothrombotic and thromboembolic events, including the activation by particulate matter of inflammatory pathways and hemostasis factors, production of reactive oxygen species through the oxidative stress pathway, alterations in vascular tone, and decreased heart rate variability (a marker of cardiac autonomic dysfunction and a predictor of sudden cardiac death and arrhythmias). Current knowledge on the biologic mechanisms and the clinical effect of short- and long-term exposure to particulate air pollutants is discussed, emphasizing that life expectancy improved significantly in sites where air pollutants were controlled.