bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing Post‐traumatic Time Interval in Human Dry Bone
Authors: de Boer H. H. , van der Merwe A. E. , Hammer S. , Steyn M. , Maat G. J. R. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe post‐traumatic status of antemortem fractures in human dry bone remains is currently defined as being either ‘healing’ or ‘healed’. However, detailed ‘dating’ of the related post‐traumatic time interval would be desirable, since it would aid in assessing individual medical status and care at the time of death. Within forensic pathology practice, fresh tissue healing phases are routinely used as an intrinsic parameter for the length of the post‐traumatic time interval. Unfortunately, the direct application of such a method is hampered when applied to dry bone skeletal material.This study explores the possibility of applying a fracture dating system, drawn forth from the traditional forensic pathology method, on dry bone remains. More specifically, the aim is to establish the extent to which various histomorphological features indicative of specific time intervals of healing are consistently detectable. Human dry bones with fractures and amputations in various phases of healing were studied.Results show that the complementary use of radiological and histological investigation techniques improves the differentiation between various healing phases and thus allow for a more detailed dating of lesions. For future use, healing features that have proven to be consistently detectable and their related post traumatic time intervals are listed. The system aids in demarcating a considerably more ‘narrow’ post‐traumatic time interval than usual. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust estimation of interconnected systems subject to sensor nonlinearities
Authors: Mahmoud Magdi S. , AL‐Sunni Fouad M. 
Published: August 2012

SUMMARYAn efficient robust LMI‐based scheme is developed for decentralized state‐estimation of linear interconnected systems with static nonlinear interconnections and subjected to sensor nonlinearities. The interconnections satisfy quadratic constraints with manipulated parameters and the sensor nonlinearities are modeled as sector nonlinearities. The design procedure utilizes a general linear estimator structure and consists of two steps: the first giving a block‐diagonal Lyapunov matrix together with the robustness degree and the second determining the filter parameters. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the applicability of the method. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Iron overload signature in chrysotile‐induced malignant mesothelioma
Authors: Jiang Li , Akatsuka Shinya , Nagai Hirotaka , Chew Shan‐Hwu , Ohara Hiroki , Okazaki Yasumasa , Yamashita Yoriko , Yoshikawa Yutaka , Yasui Hiroyuki , Ikuta Katsuya , Sasaki Katsunori , Kohgo Yutaka , Hirano Seishiro , Shinohara Yasushi , Kohyama Norihiko , Takahashi Takashi , Toyokuni Shinya 
Published: August 2012

AbstractExposure to asbestos is a risk for malignant mesothelioma (MM) in humans. Among the commercially used types of asbestos (chrysotile, crocidolite, and amosite), the carcinogenicity of chrysotile is not fully appreciated. Here, we show that all three asbestos types similarly induced MM in the rat peritoneal cavity and that chrysotile caused the earliest mesothelioma development with a high fraction of sarcomatoid histology. The pathogenesis of chrysotile‐induced mesothelial carcinogenesis was closely associated with iron overload: repeated administration of an iron chelator, nitrilotriacetic acid, which promotes the Fenton reaction, significantly reduced the period required for carcinogenesis; massive iron deposition was found in the peritoneal organs with high serum ferritin; and homozygous deletion of the CDKN2A/2B/ARF tumour suppressor genes, the most frequent genomic alteration in human MM and in iron‐induced rodent carcinogenesis, was observed in 92.6% of the cases studied with array‐based comparative genomic hybridization. The induced rat MM cells revealed high expression of mesoderm‐specific transcription factors, Dlx5 and Hand1, and showed an iron regulatory profile of active iron uptake and utilization. These data indicate that chrysotile is a strong carcinogen when exposed to mesothelia, acting through the induction of local iron overload. Therefore, an intervention to remove local excess iron might be a strategy to prevent MM after asbestos exposure. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Morphological, mechanical, and thermal characterization of biopolymer composites based on polylactide and nanographite platelets
Authors: Narimissa Esmaeil , Gupta Rahul K. , Choi Hyoung J. , Kao Nhol , Jollands Margaret 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis work focuses on development and optimization of polylactide (PLA) and nanographite platelets (NGP) based composites to display possible superior mechanical and improved thermal stability. Melt blending and dry mixing methods of fabrication were employed at temperature of 180°C. Different Loading fractions of NGP were incorporated into polymer matrix. Morphological evaluation techniques such as XRD and TEM were applied to determine the degree of dispersion of NGPs into PLA matrix. Mechanical properties were evaluated and correlated to structural morphologies of PLA/NGP composites. Thermal properties of composites were studied to examine possible changes inTg,Tc,Tm, and percentage crystallinity of these composites. The effect of mixing was also explored through double extrusion of some samples. It was concluded that composites containing 3 wt% NGP showed optimum mechanical performance without any significant changes in the thermal characteristics. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Optimization‐driven design of dies for profile extrusion: Parameterization, strategy, and performance
Authors: Ettinger H.J. , Pittman J.F.T. , Sienz J. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA computational design optimization environment is developed, handling, for the first time, streamline dies used for profiles in unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (uPVC) having multiple complex features, as well as simpler designs. Die cavity cross sections are described by planar contours, such as the cutting paths for wire electrical discharge machining of the plates from which streamline profile dies are constructed. Contours are parameterized using key points, and by joining the contours with ruled surfaces, the three‐dimensional geometry can be reconstructed. For the optimization a developed flow analysis on each die cross section is used with the avoid‐cross‐flow strategy. Cross sections are partitioned and the die is balanced to obtain the required flow rate through each. A robust and efficient parallel decoupled optimization strategy is developed. In application to a uPVC window profile, five cross sections were optimized. The number of design variables on each ranged from 2 to 46, and the cross section optimizations converged within one to seven cycles. Compared with the work of an experienced designer making manual changes to the computer‐aided design model, guided by computational fluid dynamics analyses, the design quality was comparable or better and computational demands similar; however, the time required from the designer was reduced seven times. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Preparation and characterization of novel ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene composite fibers filled with nanosilica particles
Authors: Yeh Jen‐Taut , Wang Chuen‐Kai , Yeh Alice , Huang Lu‐Kai , Wang Wen‐Hung , Hsieh Kuo‐Huang , Huang Chi‐Yuan , Chen Kan‐Nan 
Published: August 2012

AbstractUltrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE)/nanosilica (F2Sy) and UHMWPE/modified nanosilica (F2Smx‐y) as‐prepared fibers were prepared by spinning of F2Sy and F2Smx‐y gel solutions, respectively. Modified nanosilica particles were prepared by grafting maleic anhydride grafted polyethylenes onto nanosilica particles. The achievable draw ratios (Dra) of F2Sy and F2Smx‐y as‐prepared fibers approached a maximal value as the original and modified nanosilica contents reached corresponding optimum values; the maximal Dra value obtained for F2Smx‐y as‐prepared fiber specimens was significantly higher than that of the F2Sy as‐prepared fiber specimens prepared at the optimum nanosilica content. The melting temperature and evaluated lamellar thickness values of F2Sy and F2Smx‐y as‐prepared fiber series specimens decrease, but crystallinity values increase significantly, as their original and modified nanosilica contents respectively increase. Similar to the achievable drawing properties of the as‐prepared fibers, the orientation factor, tensile strength (σf) and initial modulus (E) values of both drawn F2Sy and F2Smx‐y fiber series specimens with a fixed draw ratio reach a maximal value as the original and/or modified nanosilica contents approach the optimum values; the σf and E values of the drawn F2Smx‐y fiber specimens are significantly higher than those of the corresponding drawn F2Sy fiber specimens prepared at the same draw ratios and nanosilica contents but without being modified. To understand the interesting ultradrawing, thermal, orientation and tensile properties of F2Sy and F2Smx‐y fiber specimens, Fourier transform infrared, specific surface area and transmission electron microscopy analyses of the original and modified nanosilica were performed in this study. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis and properties of a novel hyperbranched polyphosphoramidate using an A2 + CB2 approach
Authors: Liu Yuhong , Yan Ni , Li Feng , Chen Ping 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe synthesis of hyperbranched polyphosphoramidate (HPPAE) has been successfully achieved via a facial A2 + CB2 approach. First, an AB2 type intermediate is generated by the reaction between the phosphorus chloride group of ethyldichlorophosphate and the secondary amine group of diethanolamine. Second, the above intermediate can further self‐condense to produce the hyperbranched polymer. The molecular weight and the structural characterization of HPPAE were checked by gel permeation chromatography and Fourier transform infrared and NMR (13C and 31P) spectroscopy. The degradation study of HPPAE indicated that phosphate and phosphoramide bonds between the branch points are responsible for its complete hydrolysis in an aqueous phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) after 6 days. In addition, HPPAE presents a strong fluorescence peak at 450 nm, exhibiting the potential to track drug transport and distribution in real time. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Geometric Evolution of Polygonal Terrain Networks in the Canadian High Arctic: Evidence of Increasing Regularity over Time
Authors: Haltigin Timothy W. , Pollard Wayne H. , Dutilleul Pierre , Osinski Gordon R. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTPolygon networks are usually described qualitatively as becoming more regular through time, but such a concept has yet to be demonstrated numerically. The aim of this study is to address this question quantitatively in order to determine if polygonal terrain networks actually become more regular as they develop. Spatial point pattern analysis (SPPA), which can quantify overall network geometries based on the randomness or regularity exhibited by the spatial arrangement of polygon‐bounding trough intersections, was used at three ice‐wedge polygon sites in the Canadian High Arctic. SPPA was applied in two ways: (i) on the present‐day networks observed in the field; and (ii) on historical arrangements derived by distinguishing primary from secondary troughs. In all cases, the polygonal networks had undergone a statistically significant regularisation over the course of their development. Although the method was applied only to terrestrial ice‐wedge polygons, such an approach may also be useful for interpreting the evolution of Antarctic sublimation polygons and geometrically similar polygonal networks on Mars. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada.
The CCPS chemical reactivity evaluation tool
Authors: Mark Davis Edward , Silva Dan , Murphy John 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIncidents involving uncontrolled chemical reactions continue to result in injuries, fatalities, and economic loss and harm in industry. These incidents are often the result of not identifying or understanding the chemical reactivity hazards involved in storage, mixing, or processing operations. The chemical reactivity evaluation tool (RMT) and the Help Guide that accompanies it can be used as an aid in identifying and evaluating chemical reactivity hazards so that they may be effectively avoided or controlled. This paper will describe the RMT and demonstrate its use in identifying reactivity hazards in chemical storage, handling, and processing operations. The RMT and Help Guide are available as a free download from AIChE (www.aiche.org) and search “RMR.” © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2012
Imidacloprid as a contact arrestant for larvae of the European chafer, Amphimallon majale
Authors: Zhu Gengping , Petersen Matthew J , Liu Guoqing , Peck Daniel C 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Manipulative studies of the behavioral response of soil‐dwelling insects to insecticides and other antagonists are stymied by the difficulties of observing and interpreting interactions played out below ground. Six experiments were carried out using X‐ray radiography to quantify the movement of the European chafer, Amphimallon majale (Razoumowsky), larvae in response to imidacloprid and how this was affected by host plant cues and cold temperature.RESULTS: The movement of third instars was arrested in imidacloprid‐treated soil at ≥ 0.6 ppm concentration. At ≥ 0.8 ppm, the arrestant effect of imidacloprid was stronger than the attraction cue posed by germinating grass seed. There was a less disruptive effect on dispersal distance in vertical versus lateral panels. In vertical panels, there was a less disruptive effect on downward movement under a cold temperature treatment that simulated overwintering conditions.CONCLUSION: Larvae of A. majale do not remotely detect imidacloprid in the soil; they neither evade contact, nor are repelled after contact. Imidacloprid thereby acts as a contact arrestant to disrupt grub movement. This finding might help to explain the synergistic effect of imidacloprid in combination with other biological agents for white grub control, and its effects on grub overwintering behavior. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Electrical properties of lateral p–n junction diodes fabricated by selective growth of n+ diamond
Authors: Hoshino Yuto , Kato Hiromitsu , Makino Toshiharu , Ogura Masahiko , Iwasaki Takayuki , Hatano Mutsuko , Yamasaki Satoshi 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe fabricated diamond lateral p–n junction diodes by selective growth of n+‐type diamond and evaluated their structural and electrical properties. The phosphorus‐doped n+ diamond was selectively grown by microwave chemical vapor deposition at the side of a boron‐doped p‐type layer to form lateral p–n junction diodes. No distinct defects are observed at the interface of the p–n junction diode by cross‐sectional transmission electron microscopy, implying the good homoepitaxial growth of the n‐type diamond. Electron beam induced‐current measurements directly confirmed the existence of the depletion layer in p–n junction diode. The electrical properties of the lateral p–n junction diodes were investigated at room temperature to 773 K. The devices show normal diode characteristics at all temperatures. A very low leakage current <10−14 A in the reverse bias was obtained at room temperature, resulting in a high rectification ratio of 108. Although the rectification ratio decreases with increasing temperature, it possesses 106 even at 573 K. A breakdown voltage was examined to be more than 100 V.
Computational simulation of the p‐n doped silicon quantum dot
Authors: Chen Jiangchao , Schmitz Andrew , Kilin Dmitri S. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractElongated crystalline silicon quantum dot (QD) codoped with aluminum and phosphorous together has been modeled with a formula of Si36Al1P1H42. The calculations of electronic structure are done by VASP software in the basis of plane waves, and valent electrons are treated explicitly while core electrons are described with pseudopotentials. Compared with undoped model, Si38H42, the results show the features in the electronic structure of the codoped QD of lowest unoccupied molecular orbital and highest occupied molecular orbital contributed by dopants, and transitions between those bands make contributions to many properties different from undoped model. The role of thermal motion of ions was also explored at (i) high and (ii) ambient temperatures. (i) At high temperature, the thermal motion of ions leads to the break of crystal structure. (ii) At ambient temperatures, the motion of ions facilitates the nonadiabatic couplings between electronic states. The relevant electronic dynamics also calculated with computed nonadiabatic couplings. This simulation predicts the charge transfer across p‐n junction on atomistic scale. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Novel theoretical studies of the dehydrogenation of LiBH2NH3
Authors: Wang Kun , Zhang Jian‐Guo , Man Tian‐Tian , Wu Man , Zhang Shao‐Wen , Zhang Tong‐Lai , Yang Li 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIt is believed that the dehydrogenation of LiNH2BH3 (LAB) proceeds through a combination of the decomposition of the LiBH2NH3 (LBA) and LAB isomers. The dehydrogenation of LBA, an isomer of LAB, is discussed in this article. It is demonstrated that the loss of H2 from LBA takes place in a two‐step reaction. Studies of the dehydrogenation process were performed using Møller–Plesset second‐order perturbation theory with a 6‐311++G(3df,2pd) basis set. The intrinsic reaction coordinate was calculated to determine the minimum energy paths. Finally, the rate constants were obtained using the transition‐state theory (TST), TST/Eckart, canonical variational transition‐state theory (CVT), CVT/small‐curvature tunneling correction, and CVT/zero‐curvature tunneling correction methods from 200 to 2500 K. This is the first report on a different dehydrogenation mechanism for an alkali‐metal amidoborane, and the energy barrier of LBA is much lower than that of the traditionally studied LAB. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Current‐density functional study of the HeH+ molecular ion under a strong ultrashort magnetic field
Authors: Vikas  
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe HeH+ molecular ion under an ultrashort magnetic field on the order of 109 G is investigated through quantum fluid dynamics and a current‐density functional theory (CDFT) based approach, employing a vector exchange–correlation (XC) potential which depends on the electronic charge‐density as well as on the current‐density. The behavior of the exchange and correlation energies of the HeH+ ion is analyzed and compared with those obtained using an approach based on the time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) under similar computational constraints but employing a scalar XC potential dependent only on the electronic charge‐density. The CDFT‐based approach yields exchange and correlation energies as well as TD electronic charge‐densities drastically different from those obtained using the TD‐DFT‐based approach particularly, at typical TD magnetic field strengths. This is attributed to the nonadiabatic effects induced by the vector XC potential of the CDFT in the oscillating charge‐density of the HeH+ ion, which are further explained in the terminology of quantum fluid dynamics. The vector XC potential of the CDFT‐based approach is observed to augment the magnetic interactions in the H2 molecule and in the He ion, whereas it opposes the magnetic interactions in the HeH+ ion particularly, at the intermediate magnetic field strengths. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Density functional theory study of Aun (n = 1–5) clusters supported on montmorillonite
Authors: Briones‐Jurado Claudia , de la Mora Pablo , Agacino‐Valdés Esther 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe adsorption and nucleation of gold clusters Aun (n = 1–5) on montmorillonite (MMT) is studied using the density functional theory. All the calculations were performed using the full‐potential linearized augmented‐plane‐wave method as implemented in the WIEN2k code. We constructed a MMT supercell of formula Si16Al6Mg2O40(OH)8 containing four unit cells and the first moments of the nucleation process were studied by adding the gold atoms one by one on the MMT. The results show that the interaction energies between the gold clusters and the MMT are negative indicating that the Aun–MMT complexes are stable. In the Aun–MMT systems (n = 3–5), two gold atoms maintain the coordination with basal oxygens and the AuO distance was about 2.0–2.3 Å. The AuAu average distance is 2.6 Å in the supported gold clusters. The formation of the second layer of gold atoms occurs upon the arrival of the third gold atom. We are reporting that the transition of 2D → 3D gold cluster structures is located from Au3 to Au4 on MMT. The total density of states of clusters Au, Au2, Au3, Au4, and Au5 on MMT allows us to affirm that (i) gold atoms are the main contributors to the states closest to the Fermi level and (ii) in Au4–MMT and Au5–MMT systems, the main contributors to the states closest to the Fermi level are the most external gold atoms, and therefore these atoms are probably the most susceptible to interact with adsorbates and the most active sites. Odd–even oscillations in the values of the energy gap and interaction energy were found: the odd‐numbered supported clusters, Au3 and Au5, have larger energy gaps and more negative interaction energies. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On independent sets in hypergraphs
Authors: Kostochka Alexandr , Mubayi Dhruv , Verstraëte Jacques 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe independence number of a hypergraph H is the size of a largest set of vertices containing no edge of H. In this paper, we prove that if Hn is an n‐vertex ‐uniform hypergraph in which every r‐element set is contained in at most d edges, where , then

urn:x-wiley::media:rsa20453:rsa20453-math-0004

where satisfies as . The value of cr improves and generalizes several earlier results that all use a theorem of Ajtai, Komlós, Pintz, Spencer and Szemerédi (J Comb Theory Ser A 32 (1982), 321–335). Our relatively short proof extends a method due to Shearer (Random Struct Algorithms 7 (1995), 269–271) and Alon (Random Struct Algorithms 9 (1996), 271–278). The above statement is close to best possible, in the sense that for each and all values of , there are infinitely many Hn such that

urn:x-wiley::media:rsa20453:rsa20453-math-0010

where depends only on r. In addition, for many values of d we show as , so the result is almost sharp for large r. We give an application to hypergraph Ramsey numbers involving independent neighborhoods.Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 44, 224‐239, 2014
Asymptotic normality of the size of the giant component in a random hypergraph
Authors: Bollobás Béla , Riordan Oliver 
Published: August 2012

AbstractRecently, we adapted random walk arguments based on work of Nachmias and Peres, Martin‐Löf, Karp and Aldous to give a simple proof of the asymptotic normality of the size of the giant component in the random graph G(n,p) above the phase transition. Here we show that the same method applies to the analogous model of random k ‐uniform hypergraphs, establishing asymptotic normality throughout the (sparse) supercritical regime. Previously, asymptotic normality was known only towards the two ends of this regime. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2012