bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insulin Glargine Safety in Pregnancy
Authors: Pollex Erika K. , Feig Denice S. , Lubetsky Angelika , Yip Paul M. , Koren Gideon 
Published: October 2009

OBJECTIVEInsulin glargine (Lantus) is an extended-action insulin analog with greater stability and duration of action than regular human insulin. The long duration of action and decreased incidence of hypoglycemia provide potential advantages for its use in pregnancy. However, the placental pharmacokinetics of insulin glargine have not been studied. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine whether insulin glargine crosses the human placenta using the human perfused placental lobule technique.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSPlacentae were obtained with informed consent after elective cesarean section delivery of noncomplicated term pregnancies. Insulin glargine, at a therapeutic concentration of 150 pmol/l (20 μU/ml) was added to the maternal circulation. Additional experiments were carried out at insulin glargine concentrations 1,000-fold higher than therapeutic levels (150, 225, and 300 nmol/l). A subsequent perfusion for which the maternal circuit remained open and insulin glargine was continuously infused at 150 pmol/l was completed for further confirmation of findings. The appearance of insulin glargine in the fetal circulation was analyzed by a chemiluminescence immunoassay.RESULTSResults from perfusions carried out at therapeutic concentrations (150 pmol/l) of insulin glargine showed no detectable insulin glargine in the fetal circuit. After perfusion with very high insulin glargine concentrations of 150, 225, and 300 nmol/l, the rate of transfer remained low at 0.079 ± 0.01, 0.14, and 0.064 pmol · min−1 · g tissue−1, respectively.CONCLUSIONSInsulin glargine, when used at therapeutic concentrations, is not likely to cross the placenta.
Ingestion of Diet Soda Before a Glucose Load Augments Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Secretion
Authors: Brown Rebecca J. , Walter Mary , Rother Kristina I. 
Published: October 2009

OBJECTIVE
The goal of this study was to determine the effect of artificial sweeteners on glucose, insulin, and glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 in humans.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
For this study, 22 healthy volunteers (mean age 18.5 ± 4.2 years) underwent two 75-g oral glucose tolerance tests with frequent measurements of glucose, insulin, and GLP-1 for 180 min. Subjects drank 240 ml of diet soda or carbonated water, in randomized order, 10 min prior to the glucose load.

RESULTS
Glucose excursions were similar after ingestion of carbonated water and diet soda. Serum insulin levels tended to be higher after diet soda, without statistical significance. GLP-1 peak and area under the curve (AUC) were significantly higher with diet soda (AUC 24.0 ± 15.2 pmol/l per 180 min) versus carbonated water (AUC 16.2 ± 9.0 pmol/l per 180 min; P = 0.003).

CONCLUSIONS
Artificial sweeteners synergize with glucose to enhance GLP-1 release in humans. This increase in GLP-1 secretion may be mediated via stimulation of sweet-taste receptors on L-cells by artificial sweetener.
Comparison of A1C and Fasting Glucose Criteria to Diagnose Diabetes Among U.S. Adults
Authors: Carson April P. , Reynolds Kristi , Fonseca Vivian A. , Muntner Paul 
Published: October 2009

OBJECTIVE
To compare A1C and fasting glucose for the diagnosis of diabetes among U.S. adults.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This study included 6,890 adults (≥20 years of age) from the 1999–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey without a self-reported history of diabetes who had fasted ≥9 h. A1C ≥6.5% and fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dl were used, separately, to define diabetes.

RESULTS
Overall, 1.8% of U.S. adults had A1C ≥6.5% and fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dl, 0.5% had A1C ≥6.5% and fasting glucose &lt;126 mg/dl, and 1.8% had A1C &lt;6.5% and fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dl. Compared with individuals with A1C &lt;6.5% and fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dl, individuals with A1C ≥6.5% and fasting glucose &lt;126 mg/dl were younger, more likely to be non-Hispanic black, had lower Hb levels, and had higher C-reactive protein.

CONCLUSIONS
A1C ≥6.5% demonstrates reasonable agreement with fasting glucose for diagnosing diabetes among U.S. adults.
Diabetes Interactive Diary: A New Telemedicine System Enabling Flexible Diet and Insulin Therapy While Improving Quality of Life
Authors: Rossi Maria C.E. , Nicolucci Antonio , Di Bartolo Paolo , Bruttomesso Daniela , Girelli Angela , Ampudia Francisco J. , Kerr David , Ceriello Antonio , Mayor Carmen De La Questa , Pellegrini Fabio , Horwitz David , Vespasiani Giacomo 
Published: October 2009

OBJECTIVE
Widespread use of carbohydrate counting is limited by its complex education. In this study we compared a Diabetes Interactive Diary (DID) with standard carbohydrate counting in terms of metabolic and weight control, time required for education, quality of life, and treatment satisfaction.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Adults with type 1 diabetes were randomly assigned to DID (group A, n = 67) or standard education (group B, n = 63) and followed for 6 months. A subgroup also completed the SF-36 Health Survey (SF-36) and World Health Organization-Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (WHO-DTSQ) at each visit.

RESULTS
Of 130 patients (aged 35.7 ± 9.4 years; diabetes duration 16.5 ± 10.5 years), 11 dropped out. Time for education was 6 h (range 2–15 h) in group A and 12 h (2.5–25 h) in group B (P = 0.07). A1C reduction was similar in both groups (group A from 8.2 ± 0.8 to 7.8 ± 0.8% and group B from 8.4 ± 0.7 to 7.9 ± 1.1%; P = 0.68). Nonsignificant differences in favor of group A were documented for fasting blood glucose and body weight. No severe hypoglycemic episode occurred. WHO-DTSQ scores increased significantly more in group A (from 26.7 ± 4.4 to 30.3 ± 4.5) than in group B (from 27.5 ± 4.8 to 28.6 ± 5.1) (P = 0.04). Role Physical, General Health, Vitality, and Role Emotional SF-36 scores improved significantly more in group A than in group B.

CONCLUSIONS
DID is at least as effective as traditional carbohydrate counting education, allowing dietary freedom for a larger proportion of type 1 diabetic patients. DID is safe, requires less time for education, and is associated with lower weight gain. DID significantly improved treatment satisfaction and several quality-of-life dimensions.
Analysis of spectinomycin in fermentation broth by reversed-phase chromatography
Authors: Yan Hong , Xu Pei , Huang Hai , Qiu Juan 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA pre-column derivatized high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method with ultraviolet-visible detection was developed to measure the concentrations of spectinomycin in fermentation broth. Derivatization reagents, 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine in acetonitrile (5 mg mL−1) and trifluoroacetic acid in acetonitrile (0.8 mol L−1), were added to an aliquot of the fermentation broth, and the mixture was incubated for 60 min at 70°C. The resulting derivative was separated from other compounds by isocratic elution in a reversed-phase column Zorbax SB-C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm). Mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, and water (φ r = 40: 35: 25) and the flow rate was 1.0 mL min−1. The detection wavelength was 415 nm. The standard curve for spectinomycin sulfate was linear with correlation coefficients of 0.9997 in the range of 25 µg mL−1 to 600 µg mL−1. The relative standard deviation values ranged from 0.43 % to 2.18 % depending on the concentration of samples. The average recovery was 101.5 %. The limit of detection was 50 ng mL−1.
Selection of a method for determination of activity of pectinolytic enzymes in berry fruit materials
Authors: Jakób Alina , Bryjak Jolanta , Polakovič Milan 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe goal of the study was to find the most accurate and sensitive method for the determination of activity of pectinolytic enzymes in complex mixtures obtained from fruit materials such as raw cloudberry and raspberry juices. Several assay methods based on enzymatic reactions using viscometric, colourimetric, spectrophotometric, or pH-titration detection of the reaction products were tested. Problems with the application of the selected methods, such as very low detection signal or very large background signal, were observed. Among the tested methods, only a modified method based on the continuous recording of the released carboxyl groups titration allowed to assay the activity of exogenous pectin methylesterase with a good linearity, sensitivity, accuracy, and minimised the interference of other fruit components.
Synthesis and characterization of mesoporous molecular sieves
Authors: Horňáček Michal , Hudec Pavol , Smiešková Agáta 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn the synthesis of mesoporous molecular sieves of the type MCM-41, different cationactive surfactants and sources of silicon were used. Moreover, Al-MCM-41 samples with different content of aluminium were synthesized. MCM-41 and Al-MCM-41 were synthesized at elevated temperature in stainless-steel autoclaves. Prepared mesoporous molecular sieves were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), physical adsorption of nitrogen at the temperature of −197°C, sorption capacity of benzene, and by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Acidity was measured for Al-MCM-41 by temperature programmed desorption of ammonia (TPDA) and by FTIR of adsorbed pyridine. Acid catalytic activity of Al-MCM-41 was tested by isomerization of o-xylene. Influence of the synthesis reproducibility, surfactant used, source of silicon, synthesis time, source of aluminium, and Si to Al mole ratio on the properties of mesoporous molecular sieves were evaluated.
Effect of anthraquinone on brightness value and crystalline structure of pulp during soda processes
Authors: Gümüşkaya Esat , Kalyoncu Evren , Kirci Hüseyin 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe dependence of crystalline structure and optical properties of pulp on anthraquinone (AQ) added to the soda process at different cooking times was determined in this study. Wheat (Triticum aestevum L.) straw was used as the raw material for pulp. Soda and soda-AQ processes were selected for pulping at 80 min and 120 min. The soda-AQ process improved the yield and viscosity of pulp delignification ratio for pulping in comparison with the soda process. Crystallinity of pulp samples decreased by adding anthraquinone to the soda process because of stabilized less ordered cellulose and amorphous hemicelluloses in pulp. It was determined that crystallinity of pulp samples decreased with longer cooking time, from 80 min to 120 min, in both soda and soda-AQ processes. Monoclinic structure was dominant in pulp samples; however, the triclinic structure ratio increased in both soda and soda-AQ processes compared to raw material. It was found that brightness and lightness values in pulp samples decreased when using anthraquinone depending on the changes of the crystalline structure.
Study on polymeric micelles of poly(γ-benzyl l-glutamate)-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) copolymer and its mixtures with poly(γ-benzyl l-glutamate) homopolymer in ethanol
Authors: Zhu Guo-Quan 
Published: October 2009

AbstractPoly(γ-benzyl l-glutamate)-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) (PBLG-graft-PEG) copolymer was synthesized by the ester exchange reaction of the PBLG homopolymer with PEG. NMR spectroscopy was used to confirm the composition of the PBLG-graft-PEG copolymer. FTIR spectroscopy was used to characterize the chain conformation of polypeptide segments in the PBLG-graft-PEG copolymer in solid state. The self-assembly behavior of PBLG-graft-PEG and its mixtures with PBLG in ethanol were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and viscometry. Experimental results showed that the PBLG-graft-PEG copolymer can self-assemble to form polymeric micelles with a core-shell structure of a thin shuttle-like shape. The introduction of the PBLG homopolymer into the mixed system not only decreases the critical micelle concentration (CMC) but also changes the morphology of the micelles from their shuttle-like shape to cylindrical shape. The effects of test temperature on the critical micelle concentration of PBLG-graft-PEG were also studied.
Novel use of silicon nanocrystals and nanodiamonds in biology
Authors: Fucikova Anna , Valenta Jan , Pelant Ivan , Brezina Vitezslav 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe presented work is aimed at the development of nontoxic nanocrystalline silicon fluorescence labels, biodegradable in living body and long-term stable, and of fluorescent nanodiamonds mainly for in vitro use. These novel fluorescence labels could be very good substitutes for commercially used quantum dots (e.g. cadmium compound quantum dots) which can be toxic according to the latest results. In this work, manufacturing of porous nanocrystalline silicon (por-Si) is described, several basic optical properties of por-Si are presented and the influence of Si nanocrystals, nanodiamonds, and milled silicon on the growth of a cell culture of L929 mouse fibroblast and HeLa cells is compared. Bio-interaction of nanoparticles was studied by optical transmission microscopy, time-lapse microphotography of cell culture evolution, fluorescence microscopy, fluorescence microspectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The size and shape of nanocrystals were determined using atomic force microscopy (AFM).
An amperometric sensor for uric acid based on ordered mesoporous carbon-modified pyrolytic graphite electrode
Authors: Ma Yonggen , Hu Guangzhi , Shao Shijun , Guo Yong 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA novel amperometric sensor for uric acid based on ordered mesoporous carbon modified pyrolytic graphite electrode was developed. Uric acid oxidation was easily catalyzed by this electrode in a phosphate buffer solution at pH 7.0, with an anodic potential decrease about 140 mV compared to bare pyrolytic graphite electrode. The uric acid level was determined by the amperometric method, at a constant potential of 0.31 mV, the catalytic current of uric acid vs. its concentration showed a good linearity in the range of 1.0 × 10−6−1.0 × 10−4 mol L−1, with a correlation coefficient of 0.999. The detection limit was 4.0 × 10−7 mol L−1. The proposed method could be effectively used for uric acid amperometric sensing in human urine.
Fluoride anion sensing using colorimetric reagents containing binaphthyl moiety and urea binding site
Authors: Mikláš Roman , Kasák Peter , Devínsky Ferdinand , Putala Martin 
Published: October 2009

AbstractFour 1,1′-binaphthalene based bis-urea derivatives bearing aryl groups at end-on nitrogen atoms IIIa–d were synthesized as potential sensor molecules. These receptors show characteristic UV-VIS spectral changes on complexation with anions and they exhibit selective recognition of F− over other halide anions. Interaction of a fluoride anion with urea NH groups was confirmed by 1H NMR data. The presence of an electron-withdrawing nitro group in N′-aryls (receptors IIIa and IIIb) appeared to be necessary for naked-eye colorimetric detection. These receptors show dramatic color change from light-yellow to orange (IIIa) or to orange-red (IIIb) in the presence of guest fluoride anions already at concentrations of 10−5 mol dm−3 of the receptor and host.
Study of physicochemical properties-antitubercular activity relationship of naphthalene-1,4-dione analogs: A QSAR approach
Authors: Gupta Revathi , Gupta Arun , Soni Love , Kaskhedikar Satish 
Published: October 2009

AbstractEnduring pandemic nature of tuberculosis urges to explore novel antimycobacterial agents with different mechanism of actions. Plant containing 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives showed promising antitubercular activity with novel mode of action and their synthetic/semi-synthetic derivatives devoid of toxicity. Structural requirements of naphthalene-1,4-dione derivatives towards antitubercular activity and cytotoxicity were explored using a mathematical model in order to understand their physicochemical parameters. A quantitative structure activity relationship study furnished some important structural insights for antitubercular activity, i.e. average connectivity index, information content index of neighborhood symmetry, aromatic ratio, and path/walk 3 Randic shape index. Similarly it also provides drivers for the cytotoxicity of compounds. These drivers will be helpful in further development of safer and potent 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives.
Aquaculture by-product: a source of proteolytic enzymes for detergent additives
Authors: Mendes Chirleanny , Brito Marília , Porto Tatiana , Porto Ana , Bezerra Ranilson , Carvalho Luiz , Caneiro-Leão Ana , Carneiro-da-Cunha Maria 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIntestine proteases of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were partially purified by heat treatment (purification factor of 3.5, enzyme activity remained almost constant) to reach the maximum activity and stability within an alkaline pH range of 7.2–11.0. The optimum temperature and stability over a 120 min period were found to be at 55°C and at 35–45°C, respectively. The proteases’ activity was not affected by a 1 vol. % saponin surfactant, inactivated by 0.01 g mL−1 sodium dodecylsulphate after 120 min, and it remained stable for 30 min in a 5 vol. % and 10 vol. % hydrogen peroxide solutions. The proteases were slightly activated by Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+ and the substrate most effectively hydrolysed was casein (40.0 U mg−1). A 24 full factorial design used to evaluated the influence of independent variables showed that the enzyme extract, detergent concentration and the incubation time had a significant influence on the enzymatic activity. The best conditions to be used concerning detergent additive were found with 0.3 mg mL−1 of protein and 3.0 mg mL−1 of detergent for 30 min in the presence of Astrus® detergent.
Utility of π-acceptor reagents for spectrophotometric determination of sulphonamide drugs via charge-transfer complex formation
Authors: Nour El-Dien Faten , Mohamed Gehad , Frag Eman 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA simple, sensitive and accurate spectrophotometric method for the determination of sulphonamides (sulphamethoxazole (SMZ), sulphaguanidine (SGD), sulphaquinoxaline sodium (SQX), sulphametrole (SMR), and sulphadimidine sodium (SDD)) has been developed. The charge-transfer reactions between sulphonamides as n-electron donors and 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ), and 2,5-dichloro-3,6-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone (chloranilic acid, p-CLA) as π-acceptors resulting in highly coloured complexes were studied. Experimental conditions for these CT reactions were carefully optimised. Beer’s law is valid over the concentration ranges from 4–280 µg mL−1, 4–260 µg mL−1, 4–200 µg mL−1, and 4–200 µg mL−1 of SMZ, SGD, SQX, and SDD using DDQ reagent, respectively. While the calibration curves are linear in the concentration ranges from 4–180 µg mL−1, 4–80 µg mL−1, 4–60 µg mL−1, 4–180 µg mL−1, and 4–60 µg mL−1 of SMZ, SGD, SQX, SMR, and SDD, respectively, using TCNQ reagent and from 4–380 µg mL−1 and 4–300 µg mL−1 of SQX and SDD, respectively, using p-CLA reagent, respectively. Different analytical parameters, namely molar absorptivity (ε), standard deviation, relative standard deviation, correlation coefficient, limit of detection, and limit of quantification, were calculated. The results obtained by the proposed methods are in good agreement with those obtained by the official method as indicated by the percent recovery values.
Evaluation of the Pattern of Human Serum Glycoproteins in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Kosanović Maja , Janković Miroslava 
Published: October 2009

Evaluation of the Pattern of Human Serum Glycoproteins in Prostate CancerGlycoprotein profiling at the level of cells, tissues and biological fluids is aimed at discovering new cancer biomarkers and also at finding specific cancer-related structural alterations of known tumor markers. In this study we comparatively evaluated the glycoprotein patterns of human prostate cancer (PCa)- and normal human sera regarding sialylation and fucosylation as structural characteristics relevant for cancer progression. Glycoproteins were isolated using affinity chromatography on Sambucus nigra agglutinin- and Lens culinaris agglutinin-columns and subsequently characterized by SDS-PAGE and on-chip normal phase-surface capture combined with surface-enhanced laser/desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. Comparative analysis of the glycoproteins purified from healthy and PCa sera indicated differences and redundancy of the isolated molecules in terms of the microheterogeneity of counterpart glycans, the relative abundance and the presence/absence of particular molecular species. In PCa there was a general increase in sialylation and decrease in fucosylation of human serum glycans compared to normal sera. Taken together, the results obtained indicated that an affinity-approach based on the use of lectins of narrow specificity reduced the complexity of the examined samples and at this discovery-phase of our study pointed to specific glyco-changes that may be relevant for improving the monitoring of PCa progression.
Long-time storage effect on the seed health of spring barley grains
Authors: Wiewióra Barbara 
Published: October 2009

Long-time storage effect on the seed health of spring barley grains
Seeds of 5 cultivars of spring barley, originated from field experiments conducted in 2000 at Radzików, were tested immediately after harvest and after three, four and five years of storage in uncontrolled conditions, for incidence of seed-borne fungi with special regard to "field fungi" (Bipolaris sorokiniana and Fusarium spp.) and "storage fungi" (species of Penicillium and Aspergillus). The studies showed that barley seeds were infected before storage by numerous fungi as well as the saprophytes: Alternaria alternata, Acremonium spp,Acremoniella atra and the pathogens: Bipolaris sorokiniana and ten Fusarium species. The analysis after storage showed that the frequency of fungal infection had changed. The occurrence of some fungi was significantly affected by the period of storage. An increase of infection by species of Penicillium and Aspergillus known as "storage fungi" was detected on seeds after storage, especially after four years. At the same time, isolation of species of Fusarium and Bipolaris sorokiniana from these seeds decreased. Differences in number of ‘field’ and ‘storage’ fungi were found in dependence on period of storage, also. The smallest infection by Bipolaris sorokiniana and Fusarium was observed on seed after five years of storage.