bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chapter 3 Circum-Arctic mapping project: new magnetic and gravity anomaly maps of the Arctic
Authors: Gaina Carmen , Werner Stephanie C. , Saltus Richard , Maus Stefan ,   the CAMP-GM GROUP
Published: August 2011

Abstract
New Circum-Arctic maps of magnetic and gravity anomalies have been produced by merging regional gridded data. Satellite magnetic and gravity data were used for quality control of the long wavelengths of the new compilations. The new Circum-Arctic digital compilations of magnetic, gravity and some of their derivatives have been analyzed together with other freely available regional and global data and models in order to provide a consistent view of the tectonically complex Arctic basins and surrounding continents. Sharp, linear contrasts between deeply buried basement blocks with different magnetic properties and densities that can be identified on these maps can be used, together with other geological and geophysical information, to refine the tectonic boundaries of the Arctic domain.
Chapter 41 Geology and petroleum potential of the West Greenland–East Canada Province
Authors: Schenk Christopher J. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract

The US Geological Survey (USGS) assessed the potential for undiscovered oil and gas resources of the West Greenland–East Canada Province as part of the USGS Circum-Arctic Resource Appraisal programme. The province lies in the offshore area between western Greenland and eastern Canada and includes Baffin Bay, Davis Strait, Lancaster Sound and Nares Strait west of and including part of Kane Basin. A series of major tectonic events led to the formation of several distinct structural domains that are the geological basis for defining five assessment units (AU) in the province, all of which are within the Mesozoic–Cenozoic Composite Petroleum System. Potential petroleum source rocks include strata of Ordovician, Lower and Upper Cretaceous, and Palaeogene ages. The five AUs defined for this study – the Eurekan Structures AU, NW Greenland Rifted Margin AU, NE Canada Rifted Margin AU, Baffin Bay Basin AU and the Greater Ungava Fault Zone AU – encompass the entire province and were assessed for undiscovered technically recoverable resources. The mean volumes of undiscovered resources for the West Greenland–East Canada Province are 10.7×10
9
barrels of oil, 75×10
12
cubic feet of gas, and 1.7×10
9
barrels of natural gas liquids. For the part of the province that is north of the Arctic Circle, the estimated mean volumes of these undiscovered resources are 7.3×10
9
barrels of oil, 52×10
12
cubic feet of natural gas, and 1.1×10
9
barrels of natural gas liquids.

Supplementary material:

Supplementary Appendices 1–5 are available at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18476
MicroRNA-32 Upregulation by 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 in Human Myeloid Leukemia Cells Leads to Bim Targeting and Inhibition of AraC-Induced Apoptosis
Authors: Gocek Elzbieta , Wang Xuening , Liu Xiuping , Liu Chang-Gong , Studzinski George P. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D) used to treat human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells induces features of normal monocytes, but the mechanisms underlying this response are not fully understood. We hypothesized that one or more microRNAs (miRNA) known to control mouse hematopoiesis and lineage commitment might contribute to the ability of 1,25D to control the malignant phenotype. Here we report that 1,25D markedly induces expression of miR-32 in human myeloid leukemia cells, in which it targets the 3′-untranslated region of the mRNA encoding the proapoptotic factor Bim to reduce its expression. RNAi-mediated suppression of the miRNA-processing enzymes Drosha and Dicer increased Bim levels, in support of the concept that Bim is under miRNA control in AML cells. Antisense-mediated suppression of miR-32 was sufficient to upregulate Bim expression in AML cells. Conversely, ectopic expression of miR-32 downregulated Bim expression and increased the differentiation response to 1,25D treatment in a manner that was associated with increased cell survival. The positive effects of miR-32 on cell survival were confirmed by evidence of increased cell death in AML cells preexposed to antisense miR-32 before treatment with arabinocytosine, a chemotherapeutic drug used to treat human AML. Together, our findings indicate that miR-32 blockade is sufficient to elevate Bim expression and sensitize AML cells to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Thus, agents which can inhibit miR-32 expression may offer clinical utility by enhancing therapeutic efficacy in human AML. Cancer Res; 71(19); 6230–9. ©2011 AACR.
Identification of a Natural Compound by Cell-Based Screening That Enhances Interferon Regulatory Factor-1 Activity and Causes Tumor Suppression
Authors: Gao Jinbo , Wang Yujun , Xing Quanhua , Yan Jin , Senthil Maheswari , Akmal Yasir , Kowolik Claudia M. , Kang Julia , Lu David M. , Zhao Ming , Lin Zhixiu , Cheng Christopher H.K. , Yip M.L. Richard , Yim John H. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe transcription factor interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) is induced by many tumor-suppressive stimuli and can mediate antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects in cancer cells. Thus, identifying agents that enhance IRF-1 activity may be an effective approach to cancer therapy. A cell-based screening assay was developed to identify extracts and compounds that could enhance IRF-1 activity, using an IRF-1–dependent luciferase reporter cell line. Through this approach, we identified a natural product extract and a known active component of this extract, baicalein, which causes a marked increase in IRF-1–dependent reporter gene expression and IRF-1 protein, with modulation of known IRF-1 targets PUMA and cyclin D1. Baicalein causes suppression of growth in vitro in multiple cancer cell lines in the low micromolar range. IRF-1 plays a role in this growth suppression as shown by significant resistance to growth suppression in a breast cancer cell line stably transfected with short hairpin RNA against IRF-1. Finally, intraperitoneal administration of baicalein by repeated injection causes inhibition of growth in both xenogeneic and syngeneic mouse models of cancer without toxicity to the animals. These findings indicate that identifying enhancers of IRF-1 activity may have utility in anticancer therapies and that cell-based screening for activation of transcription factors can be a useful approach for drug discovery. Mol Cancer Ther; 10(10); 1774–83. ©2011 AACR.
Thyroid Hormone Is a MAPK-Dependent Growth Factor for Human Myeloma Cells Acting via αvβ3 Integrin
Authors: Cohen Keren , Ellis Martin , Khoury Shafik , Davis Paul J. , Hercbergs Aleck , Ashur-Fabian Osnat 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Experimental and clinical observations suggest that thyroid hormone [l-thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3′-triiodo-l-thyronine (T3)] can support cancer cell proliferation. T3 and T4 promote both tumor cell division and angiogenesis by activating mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) via binding to a hormone receptor on the αvβ3 integrin, overexpressed on many cancer cells. We have studied the responsiveness of several MM cell lines to T3 and T4 and characterized hormonal effects on cell survival, proliferation, and MAPK activation. Overnight T3 (1–100 nmol/L) and T4 (100 nmol/L) incubation enhanced, up to 50% (P &lt; 0.002), MM cell viability (WST-1 assay) and increased cell proliferation by 30% to 60% (P &lt; 0.01). Short exposure (10 minutes) to T3 and T4 increased MAPK activity by 2.5- to 3.5-fold (P &lt; 0.03). Pharmacologic MAPK inhibition blocked the proliferative action of T3 and T4. Antibodies to the integrin αvβ3 dimer and αv and β3 monomers (but not β1) inhibited MAPK activation and subsequent cell proliferation in response to thyroid hormone, indicating dependence upon this integrin. Moreover, tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac), a non-agonist T4 analogue previously shown to selectively block T3/T4 binding to αvβ3 receptor site, blocked induction of MAPK by the hormones in a dose-dependent manner. This demonstration of the role of thyroid hormones as growth factors for MM cells may offer novel therapeutic approaches. Mol Cancer Res; 9(10); 1385–94. ©2011 AACR.
Lrig1 Is an Estrogen-Regulated Growth Suppressor and Correlates with Longer Relapse-Free Survival in ERα-Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Krig Sheryl R. , Frietze Seth , Simion Catalina , Miller Jamie K. , Fry Will H.D. , Rafidi Hanine , Kotelawala Lakmal , Qi Lihong , Griffith Obi L. , Gray Joe W. , Carraway Kermit L. , Sweeney Colleen 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Lrig1 is the founding member of the Lrig family and has been implicated in the negative regulation of several oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinases including ErbB2. Lrig1 is expressed at low levels in several cancer types but is overexpressed in some prostate and colorectal tumors. Given this heterogeneity, whether Lrig1 functions to suppress or promote tumor growth remains a critical question. Previously, we found that Lrig1 was poorly expressed in ErbB2-positive breast cancer, suggesting that Lrig1 has a growth-inhibitory role in this tumor type. However, breast cancer is a complex disease, with ErbB2-positive tumors accounting for just 25% of all breast cancers. To gain a better understanding of the role of Lrig1 in breast cancer, we examined its expression in estrogen receptor α (ERα)-positive disease which accounts for the majority of breast cancers. We find that Lrig1 is expressed at significantly higher levels in ERα-positive disease than in ERα-negative disease. Our study provides a molecular rationale for Lrig1 enrichment in ERα-positive disease by showing that Lrig1 is a target of ERα. Estrogen stimulates Lrig1 accumulation and disruption of this induction enhances estrogen-dependent tumor cell growth, suggesting that Lrig1 functions as an estrogen-regulated growth suppressor. In addition, we find that Lrig1 expression correlates with prolonged relapse-free survival in ERα-positive breast cancer, identifying Lrig1 as a new prognostic marker in this setting. Finally, we show that ErbB2 activation antagonizes ERα-driven Lrig1 expression, providing a mechanistic explanation for Lrig1 loss in ErbB2-positive breast cancer. This work provides strong evidence for a growth-inhibitory role for Lrig1 in breast cancer. Mol Cancer Res; 9(10); 1406–17. ©2011 AACR.
CD40L Deficiency Ameliorates Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Metabolic Manifestations of Obesity in Mice
Authors: Poggi Marjorie , Engel David , Christ Anette , Beckers Linda , Wijnands Erwin , Boon Louis , Driessen Ann , Cleutjens Jack , Weber Christian , Gerdes Norbert , Lutgens Esther 
Published: August 2011

Objective—
Obese adipose tissue shows hallmarks of chronic inflammation, which promotes the development of metabolic disorders. The mechanisms by which immune cells interact with each other or with metabolism-associated cell types, and the players involved, are still unclear. The CD40-CD40L costimulatory dyad plays a pivotal role in immune responses and in diseases such as atherosclerosis and may therefore be a mediator of obesity. Here we investigated whether CD40L is involved in adipose tissue inflammation and its associated metabolic changes.

Methods and Results—

To assess a putative role of CD40L in obesity in vivo, we evaluated metabolic and inflammatory consequences of 18 weeks of high-fat feeding in
CD40L
+/+
and
CD40L
−/−
mice. In addition, C57Bl6 mice were injected with neutralizing anti-CD40L (αCD40L) antibody for 12 weeks while being fed a high-fat diet. Genetic deficiency of CD40L attenuated the development of diet-induced obesity, hepatic steatosis, and increased systemic insulin sensitivity. In adipose tissue, it impaired obesity-induced immune cell infiltration and the associated deterioration of glucose and lipid metabolism. Accordingly, αCD40L treatment improved systemic insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and CD4
+
T-cell infiltration in adipose tissue with limited effects on adipose tissue weight.

Conclusion—
CD40L plays a crucial role in the development of obesity-induced inflammation and metabolic complications.
Effect of Dose and Combination of Antihypertensives on Interindividual Blood Pressure Variability
Authors: Webb Alastair John Stewart , Rothwell Peter Malcolm 
Published: August 2011

Background and Purpose—
Recent studies have shown that visit-to-visit blood pressure variability is a powerful risk factor for stroke, is reduced by calcium channel blockers and diuretics, and increased by β-blockers. However, it is unknown whether these effects are dose-dependent and persist in combination with other drugs.

Methods—

Cochrane and Medline databases were searched for systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials of antihypertensive drugs. Eligible trials randomized all patients to a combination of drug classes or different doses of the same drug. Baseline and follow-up data for mean (SD) systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure were extracted. Differences in interindividual variance (SD
2
) in blood pressure were expressed as a ratio (VR). Estimates were pooled by random-effects meta-analysis.

Results—

Calcium channel blockers reduced interindividual variability in SBP when added to another agent (VR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.64 to 0.87;
P
=0.0002; 12 trials; 1565 patients) with a smaller reduction with diuretics (VR, 0.85; 0.71 to 1.01;
P
=0.07; 17 trials; 3217 patients). Adding other agents to calcium channel blockers did not significantly affect SBP variability (VR, 1.06; 0.83 to 1.34;
P
=0.65; 12 trials; 1460 patients) despite a 5.8-mm Hg reduction in mean SBP. Randomization to a higher dose of calcium channel blockers reduced SBP variability (VR, 0.84; 0.74 to 0.94;
P
=0.004; 25 trials; 2179 patients), whereas randomization to a higher dose of β-blockers increased SBP variability (VR, 1.31; 1.01 to 1.69;
P
=0.034; 6 trials; 486 patients).

Conclusions—
Effects of antihypertensive drugs on SBP variability are dose-dependent and persist when used in combinations. Use of a high dose of a calcium channel blocker alone or in combination with other agents is therefore likely to be particularly effective in prevention of stroke.
“Over Shoes Over Boots”: Lord Baltimore's Final Days in Ferryland, Newfoundland
Authors: Gaulton Barry , Lyttleton James , Krugler John , Miller Aaron 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn 1629 Sir George Calvert, the first Lord Baltimore, was at a crossroads in his life. He departed his fledgling colony in Ferryland, Newfoundland for the warmer climes of Virginia, entertaining the possibility of a new colonial venture in the Chesapeake. Although Sir George would not live to see the arrival of his settlers in Maryland in 1634, the colony was very much the culmination of his efforts and experiences. This paper examines a previously unpublished letter from George Calvert to his close friend Sir Thomas Wentworth on the eve of his departure from Newfoundland. The document contains important insights on Calvert's first New World venture and illustrates how Ferryland and the subsequent grant of the proprietary Province of Avalon were inexorably linked, both by family and design, to Maryland.
“All would be equal in the effort”: Santo Domingo's “Italian Revolution”, Independence, and Haiti, 1809-1822
Authors: Eller Anne 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis article explores the colony of Santo Domingo just after it had passed from French back to Spanish hands in 1809. Although impoverished and at the very margins of the Caribbean plantation system, revolutionary winds were nonetheless buffeting the colony. Using the testimony of a failed 1810 conspiracy known as the “Italian Revolution”, the article explores the enduring inequalities present in Santo Domingo, the immediate influence of the Haiti to the west, and the beginnings of Latin American independence more generally. Whereas Spanish authorities and other Caribbean elites might have dismissed the colony as marginal to the political events, therefore, the conspiracy sheds light on its importance to subaltern travelers and migrants from neighboring islands. Finally, it shows the tremendous concrete and symbolic importance of the Haitian Revolution on the neighboring colony, complicating a historiography that often argues for conflict, and not interrelation, between the two sides of Hispaniola.
Geostrophic Velocity Measurement Techniques for the Meridional Overturning Circulation and Meridional Heat Transport in the South Atlantic
Authors: Perez Renellys C. , Garzoli Silvia L. , Meinen Christopher S. , Matano Ricardo P. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Two ocean general circulation models are used to test the ability of geostrophic velocity measurement systems to observe the meridional overturning circulation (MOC) and meridional heat transport (MHT) in the South Atlantic. Model sampling experiments are conducted at five latitudes (between 15° and 34.5°S) spanning the range of extratropical current regimes in the South Atlantic. Two methods of estimating geopotential height anomalies and geostrophic velocities are tested, simulating dynamic height moorings (T–S array) and current and pressure recording inverted echo sounders (CPIES) deployed within the models. The T–S array accurately reproduces the MOC variability with a slight preference for higher latitudes, while the CPIES array has skill only at higher latitudes resulting from the increased geopotential height anomaly signal. Whether direct model velocities or geostrophic velocities are used, MHT and the MOC are strongly correlated, and successful reconstruction of MHT only occurs when there is skill in the MOC reconstructions. The geopotential height anomaly signal is concentrated near the boundaries along 34.5°S, suggesting that this is an advantageous latitude for deployment of an in situ array. Four reduced arrays that build upon the sites from two existing pilot arrays along 34.5°S were examined. For these realistically sized arrays, the MOC and MHT reconstructions from the T–S and CPIES arrays have comparable skill, and an array of approximately 20 instruments can be effectively used to reproduce the temporal evolution and vertical structure of the MOC and MHT.
Possible Linkage between the Monsoon Trough Variability and the Tropical Cyclone Activity over the Western North Pacific
Authors: Wu Liang , Wen Zhiping , Huang Ronghui , Wu Renguang 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
The present study investigates the influence of the monsoon trough (MT) on the interannual variability of tropical cyclone (TC) activity over the western North Pacific during July–November for the period 1979–2007. It is shown that the TC activity is closely related to the MT location. During the years when the MT extends eastward (retreats westward), more (less) TCs form within the southeastern quadrant of the western North Pacific. Such a relationship can be explained by the changes in large-scale environmental factors associated with the movement of the MT. An eastward extension of the MT coincides with warmed ocean surface, enhanced convection, increased relative humidity in the lower and midtroposphere, reduced vertical shear of zonal wind, intensified upper-level divergence, and low-level anomalous cyclonic vorticity over the southeast quadrant of the western North Pacific. These conditions associated with the eastern extension of the MT are favorable for TC genesis, while those associated with the westward retreat of the MT are not. Diagnosis of the barotropic energy conversion indicates that synoptic-scale disturbances moving westward from tropical eastern Pacific will gain the energy from the mean flow when they meet with the eastward-extending MT. This is an important reason for the linkage between MT variability and TC genesis over the western North Pacific.
A Time-Lagged Ensemble Simulation on the Modulation of Precipitation over West Java in January–February 2007
Authors: Trilaksono Nurjanna J. , Otsuka Shigenori , Yoden Shigeo 
Published: August 2011

A numerical experiment using a regional nonhydrostatic model is performed to investigate the synoptic condition related to the heavy precipitation event that occurred at Jakarta in West Java, Indonesia, in January–February 2007. A time-lagged ensemble forecast method is employed with nine ensemble members. The ensemble mean well reproduces the temporal modulation of the spatial distributions of precipitation obtained from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission data. During the simulated two months, several monsoon surges are observed, but only the surge event during which the Jakarta flood event occurred is associated with a cold anomaly. The top of the cold northerly is about 1.5 km. The cold surge event is preceded by the so-called Borneo vortex event, which is dominated by a cyclonic vortex around Borneo, Indonesia, with a horizontal scale of 1000 km and a vertical scale of 3 km. An analysis of cumulative distribution functions in a pentad time scale shows the modulation of the probability of rainfall rate. In pentad 7 (31 January–4 February), which includes the heavy rainfall event, the fraction of the area with precipitation is the highest and the contribution of heavy rainfall to the total amount is one of the highest in the two-month period. The diurnal cycle of occurrence of heavy rainfall is also modulated; in pentad 7, semidiurnal variation becomes dominant, and the largest peak appears in the early morning.
The Onodi Cell
Authors: Shin Ji‐Hyeon , Kim Sung Won , Hong Yong Kil , Jeun Sin‐Soo , Kang Seok‐Gu , Kim Soo Whan , Cho Jin Hee , Park Yong Jin 
Published: August 2011

ObjectiveThe Onodi cell is the posterior‐most ethmoid air cell and an important anatomical variant because of the intimate spatial relationship with the optic nerve, internal carotid artery, and sellar floor during sphenoid sinus surgery. The authors evaluated the incidence of Onodi cells, their clinical importance, and the association between preoperative radiological findings and surgical findings.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary care medical center.MethodsThe authors retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 162 cases, including preoperative paranasal sinus computed tomography (PNS CT) findings and the findings with the endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach (EETSA). They evaluated the prevalence of Onodi cells and the clinical manifestations in the patients with these cells. They also examined the clinical significance of these cells during EETSA.ResultsOnodi cells were identified in the preoperative PNS CT of 53 patients, whereas Onodi cells were observed in 54 (33.3%) of the 162 patients at EETSA. The Onodi cells were bilateral in 23 patients and unilateral in 31. In all cases, the Onodi cells limited the exposure of the sellar floor. Only after removing these cells was the entire sellar floor exposed so that the tumors could be removed completely.ConclusionOnodi cells were observed more frequently than in previous studies, and 98.1% of them were identified on preoperative PNS CT. When reviewing PNS CT images preoperatively, one needs to identify the presence of Onodi cells. The Onodi cells must be removed to completely resect tumors located in the sellar region during EETSA.