bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunoregulatory effects of Sizofiran (SPG) on lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes
Authors: YONEDA K , UETA E , YAMAMOTO T , OSAKI T 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe effect of SPG on leukocytes has been studied in 20 patients with oral carcinoma and the actions have been analysed in vitro. SPG 1 mg/kg was administered intramuscularly twice weekly. Peripheral venous blood was collected before, and 1 week and 2 weeks after the initiation of SPG treatment. Both CD16+ CD57– and CD16–CD57+ cell populations were significantly increased after treatment, but no T cell subset varied. While enhancement of lymphokine-activated killer activity could not be found, an increase in natural killer (NK) activity was observed in 15 of the subjects, and the mean NK level was significantly increased from an initial 34.7 ± 18.7% to 46.4 ± 16.5% after two weeks of injections. O2-production by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) was stimulated 6 h after SPG injection. When PMNL were treated in vitro with SPG 32 μg/ml. enhanced 02-generation was induced and protein kinase C (PKC) activity in a membrane fraction increased. SPG did not directly affect non-specific PMNL killing of K562 cells or antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity against Raji cells, but non-specific PMNL killing was enhanced by culture-conditioned medium from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) containing 10 μg/ml SPG. Interleukin-1β, -3, -4, -6, tumour necrosis factor-α, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor and IFN-γ levels in the conditioned medium were not increased compared with medium from PBMC not treated with SPG. No clear increase of these cytokines was found in serum from the SPG-treated patients. From the above results, enhancement of PMNL O2-generation by SPG seems to be a direct action of SPG, but the mechanism of elevation of the non-specific killing activity of PMNL and NK cells is not known. Perhaps other cytokines than those assayed have participated in increasing non-specific cytotoxicity.
Concomitant augmentation of CD4+CD29+ helper inducer and diminution of CD4+CD45RA+ suppressor inducer subset in patients infected with human T cell lymphotropic virus types I or II
Authors: LAL R B , RUDOLPH D L , SCHMID D S , LAIRMORE M D 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYTo examine the immunomodulatory effects of HTLV infection, lymphocyte subset analysis was performed on patients infected with human T cell lymphotropic virus type-I (HTLV-I, n= 6) or -II (HTLV-II, n= 12) and on normal blood donors (n= 16). The percentages of total B lymphocytes (CD19), natural killer (NK) cells (CDI6), T lymphocytes and their subsets (CD2, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD7, CDS), and IL-2R (CD2S) were found to be within the range found in normal donors. However, the expression of CD8+ HLA-DR+ increased significantly in patients with HTLV-I or HTLV-II infection (14.1 ± 3.9% and 9.7 ± 2.4% respectively; P&lt;0.01) when compared with controls (3.2 ± 1.1%). In addition, there was a significantly greater proportion of CD4+ CD29+ T lymphocytes (29.3 ± 6.1% and 31.1 ± 9.0%; P&lt;0.05) with concomitant diminution of CD4+CD45RA+ T lymphocytes (8.3 ± 3.3% and 11.4 ± 1.5%; P&lt;0.01) in patients infected with HTLV-I or HTLV-II respectively, when compared with controls. The increased percentage of CD4+CD29+ subpopulations showed a direct correlation (rs=0.86; P&lt;0.001) with HTLV-specific antibody production. No difference in the CD8 population coexpressing CD29 and S6F1 (an epitope of LFA-1) were observed in the HTLV-infcctcd group when compared with normal donors and functional analysis exhibited minimal cytotoxicity against lectin labelled heterologous target cells. Thus, the shift in the suppressor/cytotoxic to helper/inducer‘memory’ CD4+ may be associated with immunoregulatory abnormalities often found in persons infected with HTLV-I or HTLV-II.
Effect of synthetic thymic humoral factor (THF-γ2) on T cell activities in immunodeficient ageing mice
Authors: GOSO C , FRASCA D , DORIA G 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYImmunodeficient ageing (C57BL/10 × DBA/2)F1 mice were treated by a single injection of synthetic thymic hormones and 4 days later their thymus and spleen cells were assayed in vitro for T cell activities. A few nanograms of THF–γ2 were found to raise the frequency of mitogen-responsive T cells in thymus and spleen cell populations as well as the frequency of cytokine-producing splenic T cells, up to the levels observed in young mice. Moreover, injection of THF-γ2 was found to restore T cell growth factor (TCGF) production by mitogen-stimulated spleen cells. Also, the helper activity of spleen cells was enhanced by this treatment and increased with increasing the THF-γ2 dose over a wide range. Similarly, the effects of thymopentin and thymosin–α1 on T helper cell activity increased with increasing the injected dose, but the efficiencies of THF-γ2 and thymopentin were, respectively. 400-fold and eight-fold greater than that of thymosin-α1.
Prolonged clinically asymptomatic evolution after HIV-1 infection is marked by the absence of complement C4 null alleles at the MHC
Authors: HENTGES F , HOFFMANN A , DE ARAUJO F OLIVEIRA , HEMMER R 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARY
The length of time after which persons infected with HIV-1 progress to AIDS is variable. Certain alleles at the MHC have been shown to influence negatively the clinical outcome of HIV-1-infected persons and to be associated with special clinical manifestations. We investigated the MHC class I, class II and class III antigens in 54 Caucasian HIV-1-infected persons. The MHC profile of individuals with a prolonged period before AIDS is marked by a lower frequency of C4 null alleles.
The significance of activation markers on CD8 lymphocytes in human immunodeficiency syndrome: staging and prognostic value
Authors: LEVACHER M , HULSTAERT F , TALLET S , ULLERY S , POCIDALO J J , BACH B A 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe objective of this prospective cohort study was to evaluate the expression of activation markers on CD8 lymphocytes at various clinical stages of HIV infection and to determine the value of these markers in identifying patients likely to have rapidly progressive disease. One hundred and three HIV+ patients, divided into four disease stages, and 34 seronegative controls were evaluated at study entry using flow cytometric immunophenotyping. The HIV patients were followed clinically for disease progression during the following 2 years. CD8 cell numbers and percentage of lymphocytes are increased after HIV infection. Expression of the CD38, HLA-DR and CD57 markers on CD8 cells was significantly increased in asymptomatic HIV-infected patients when compared with controls, as was the CDS cell population which did not coexpress Leu-8. These activation markers were observed to be further increased in patient groups with more clinically advanced infection. The percentage of CD38 on CD8 cells emerged not only as a discriminator of disease severity, but was a strong predictor of progression in asymptomatic, lymphadenopathy and ARC patients. Given the utility of activation markers on CDS lymphocytes in staging disease and predicting clinical outcome, the measurement of these parameters should be considered in the monitoring and management of HIV patients.
Use of recombinant epitopes to study the heterogeneous nature of the autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase in autoimmune thyroid disease
Authors: ZANELLI E , HENRY M , MALTHIERY Y 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYMicrosomal antigen is often recognized by the sera from patients with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). Human thyroid peroxidase (hTPO) is the main component of this antigen. In a previous study, we expressed hTPO cDNA as fusion proteins in prokaryotic vector; we thereby defined seven antigenic peptides by using two rabbit polyclonal anti-hTPO antibodies. In the present study we used the seven epitopes and three widened peptides to define the reactivity pattern of 61 sera from patients with AITD. Thirty-eight of them reacted against at least one of the seven hTPO-restricted epitopes; 14 were negative against the seven determinants but recognized one or two of the extended peptides. Thus, the antibody response against hTPO appeared to be highly heterogeneous in AITD patient sera. Moreover, we demonstrated that the immunodetection of the hTPO on Western blotting with deoxycholate solubilized microsomes can be perfectly correlated with the recognition of one of the epitopes in the region 554–735.
Peritoneal macrophages during peritonitis. Phenotypic studies
Authors: HART P H , JONES C A , FINLAY-JONES J J 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe expression of a range of surface molecules/receptors that are important in the host response to infection and foreign antigens was examined using peritoneal macrophages isolated from patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) with peritonitis. The macrophage phenolypic profile was compared with that of normal peripheral blood monocytes. Consistently there was increased expression by macrophages of CD14, ICAM-1 (CD54). FcγRI (CD64). FcγRII (CDw32), FcγRIII (CD 16), transferrin receptors (CD71)and tissue factor. Increased expression of MHC class II was marginally significant. There was no detectable expression of either the p55 (CD25) or p70 chains of the IL-2 receptor. The expression of the complement receptors. CRI (CD35) and CR3 (CD11b. CDI8), was reduced. The activity of well-known inflammatory cytokines, rather than uraemic molecules, can account for the phenotypic profile of these extravasated peritoneal macrophages. The results of this study indicate that peritoneal macrophages from CAPD patients with peritonitis display a phenotype consistent with them being in vivo-derived inflammatory macrophages, and that they arc appropriate for use in studies of anti-inflammatory agents.
Kinetics of cytokine secretion by mononuclear cells of the blood from rheumatoid arthritis patients are different from those of healthy controls
Authors: RUSCHEN S , STELLBERG W , WARNATZ H 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYMononuclear cells from peripheral blood (PBMC) of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and healthy controls were incubated with α-CD3. Cytokine secretion from 2h to 72 h of incubation was measured by ELISA, There were no significant differences in secretion of T cell derived IL-2 and IL-4 in cultures from RA patients and controls. The macrophage-derived cytokines, IL-1β and tumour-necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were secreted with a steep increase of concentration during the first 16 h of incubation by PBMC from RA patients. PBMC from healthy controls secreted both cytokines at a constantly rising rate with a maximum for TNF-α at 48 h and for IL-1β at 72 h. Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) is secreted in significantly reduced concentrations by PBMC from untreated RA patients compared with controls. Gold-salt treatment led to a slightly delayed and enhanced secretion of TNF-α and IL-1β, an enhanced secretion of IL-2 and a restored secretion of IFN-γ.
T cell receptor Vβ repertoire in HIV-infected individuals: lack of evidence for selective Vβ deletion
Authors: BOYER V , SMITH L R , FERRE F , PEZZOLI P , TRAUGER R J , JENSEN F C , CARLO D J 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe gradual decline of CD4+ T lymphocytes in HIV-infected individuals culminates in the lethal immunosuppression of AIDS. The mechanism of CD4+ T cell loss is currently unknown, but has recently been suggested to occur as a result of an HIV-encoded superantigen which facilitates a selective deletion of T cells expressing specific Vβ genes. To verify and extend such observations, peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL) from 15 CD4+ individuals, 10 of which had very low CD4 T cell counts (&lt; 200/mm3), were analysed for T cell receptor (TCR) V/β gene expression. In contrast to a recent study, the results presented here fail to provide evidence that selective loss of Vβ-bearing T cells occurs in HIV+ individuals. Furthermore, when PBL from HIV+ individuals were stimulated with Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), T cells expressing Vβ subfamilies known to engage this superantigen were expanded, indicating that such cells were not deleted and were responsive to stimulation by a bacterial superantigen. Collectively, these data suggest that CD4 loss in HIV patients docs not occur in a Vβ-seleetive, superantigen-mediated fashion.
Pigeon breeders’ lung; IgG subclasses to pigeon intestinal mucin and IgA antigens
Authors: TODD A , COAN R , ALLEN A 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYSera from all symptomatics with pigeon breeders’ lung and many non-symptomatic pigeon breeders react specifically with the pigeon antigens and in particular pigeon intestinal secretions and isolated pigeon intestinal mucin and IgA. In sera from all 82 precipitin-positive pigeon breeders investigated, IgGl reacted with both IgA and mucin, while IgG2 reacted predominantly with mucin only. Sera from all 32 symptomatic patients with pigeon breeders’ lung demonstrated an IgG3 reaction with mucin, but only three sera showed reactivity against IgA and this was very weak. In contrast, only three out of 27 pigeon breeders with pulmonary pathology other than pigeon breeders’ lung and only three out of 23 sera from healthy pigeon breeders showed detectable IgG3 reactivity with mucin. IgG4 from eight sera only reacted with mucin (n= 7) or IgA (n= 1) and showed no consistent pattern between subject groups. Precipitin-negative sera from 30 volunteers with no previous pigeon exposure showed no IgG subclass reactivity with either the pigeon intestinal secretions or the isolated mucin and IgA antigens. These results show specific IgG2 and IgG3 subclass reactivity to pigeon intestinal mucin antigen in precipitin-positive sera from pigeon breeders. Further IgG3 subclass reactivity specific to pigeon mucin is strongly associated with sera from patients with the active pigeon breeders’ lung disease.
Exposure to complement-bearing immune complexes enhances thein vitrosequestration of erythrocytes from young but not elderly donors
Authors: SHAPIRO S , PILAR T , GERSHON H 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYComplement and immunoglobulin have each been claimed to be the major opsonins responsible for sequestration of the effete erythrocyte. Binding of immune complexes to the erythrocyte via CRI (CD35) provides a model for studying the effects of increments in metnbrane-bound complemenl and immunoglobulin on the sequestration of the erythrocyte (‘innocent bystander’ sequestration). It is possible that C3b-bearing immune complexes (IC C3b) bound to erythrocyte CRI contribute to the levels of immunoglobulin and complement fragments detectable on the human erythrocyte. We have, therefore, compared the capacity of erythrocytes from young and elderly donots to bind IC C3b and the effect of this binding on in vitro sequestration. Erythrocytes from young donors exposed to IC-C3b bind these complexes, as attested by an increment in membrane-bound C3, and undergo ‘innocent bystander’ sequestration. However., when density-separated erythrocytes are so exposed, it is only the low density (young) erythrocytes from young donors which are susceptible to ‘innocent bystander’ sequestration. High density (old) erythrocytes from young donors and ail erythrocytes from elderly donors show initially high in vitro sequestration and are resistant to the “inniwent bystander’ effect. (Those erythrocytes which show initially high in vitro sequestration are referred to collectively as in situ aged’ erythrocytes.) There is a great similarity between the mechanisms of sequestration of in situ aged’ and “innocent bystander” erythrocytes in that they are both inhibited by the integrin binding peptide arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) and the β-galactosyl sugar n-acetyl-galactosamine, and unaffected by the Fe-γ binding protein, Protein-G. Complement is the major opsonin in Innocent bystander’ sequestration since this sequestration occurs whether the isotype of the antibody in the immune complex is IgM or IgG. and Protein-G, which inhibits IgG-dependent erythrophagocytosis. has no effect on ‘innocent bystander’ sequestration. The present studies demonstrate that in vitro sequestration of ‘in situ aged’ erythrocytes is similar to complement-dependent ‘innocent bystander’ sequestration, thus supporting the contention that complement recognition is eardinal in sequestration of ‘in situ aged’ erythrocytes.
IL-1β and IL-3-like activity in preterm infants
Authors: BESSLER H , SIROTA L , NOTTI I , DULITZKY F , DJALDETTI M 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe capacity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of pretert ntieonaies to release IL-1β and IL-3-like activity (IL-3-LA) has been investigaied. In the present study it was found that this capacity is significantly lower than that of their mothers and or eontrol adults. In addition, the results showed that preterm serum has a lower stitnulatory effect on IL-1β production and an inhibitory effect on IL-3-LA secretion by PBMC of adult controls, in comparison with maternal and adull sera. These findings suggest an additional Teedback mechanism for control of hacmatopoiesis in premature neonates. It is possible that the lower production of IL-1β and IL-3-VLA may be involved in the increased susceptibility to infections of preterm newboms.
Renal allograft rejection: expression and function of VCAM-1 on tubular epithelial cells
Authors: LIN Y , KIRBY J A , BROWELL D A , MORLEY A R , SHENTON B K , PROUD G , TAYLOR R M R 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARY
The interaction between vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and very late antigen-4 (VLA-4) is known to play an important role in stabilizing the adhesion of lymphocytes to endothelial cells. Such cellular adhesion is crucial to many immunological processes including lymphocyte-mediated cell lysis. In this study the expression of VCAM-I on renal tubular epithelial cells is demonstrated on biopsy sections recovered during acute renal allograft rejection. Experiments performed using epithelial cells cultured from renal tubules show that VCAM-1 is up-regulated by addition of the inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). Combination of TNF-α and IFN-γ synergized to induce high levels of VCAM-1 expression. Further experiments demonstrated that the cytokines produced by activated lymphocytes in mixed leucocyte culture also up-regulate expression of VCAM-1. Assays of the adhesion of lymphoid cells to cultured renal epithelial cells showed that cytokine pretreatment of the renal cells enhanced the binding of lymphoid cells. The proportion of bound lymphoid cells was significantly reduced by addition of an antibody capable of blocking the interaction of VCAM-1 with VLA-4. This result indicated that the VCAM-1 induced on renal epithelial cells by inflammatory cytokines is functionally capable of binding VLA-4, thereby enhancing the adhesion of potentially graft-damaging lymphoid cells.
Measurement of antiphospholipid antibody by ELISA using purified β2-glycoprotein I in preeclampsia
Authors: YAMAMOTO T , YOSHIMURA S , GESHI Y , SASAMORI Y , OKINAGA S , KOBAYASHI T , MORI H 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARY
It has been reported that the binding of some antiphospholipid antibodies (APA) to phospholipids requires the presence of β2-glycoprotein 1 (β2-GPI). Using a new ELISA, in which well coated phospholipids were treated with a constant amount of purified β2-GPI. we tried to detect the presence of APA which binds to phospholipid/β2-GPI complex or to phospholipids such as cardiolipin (CA) and phosphatidylserine (PS) in preeclampsia. and to check for clinical abnormalities in antibodypositive cases. Serum samples were taken from 43 cases of preeclampsia. including 26 cases of the severe type, and 47 normal pregnant women. Positive rates of anticardiolipin antibody (ACA) by ELISA using CA/β2-GPI complex in mild, severe and total preeclampsia were 20·0%, 17·4% and 18·4% respectively. No antibody-positive cases were found in normal pregnancies. ACA was detected much more frequently when cardiolipin/β2-GPI complex was used in ELISA compared with ELISA without β2-GPI. Positive rales of antiphosphatidylserine antibody (APSA) in mild, severe and total preeclampsia were 5·9%, 11·5% and 9·3% respectively. APSA was also detected much more frequently when the phosphatidylserine/β2-GPI complex was used in ELISA. The frequency of intraulerine growth retardation (IUGR) in the ACA-positive subjects was higher than that of ACA negatives. We suggest that the ACA and APSA which bind to phospholipid/β2-GPI complex are detectable in preeclampsia, and that these antiphospholipid antibodies are related to fetal growth.
Limiting dilution analysis of the allo-MHC anti-paternal cytotoxic T cell response II: recurrent spontaneous abortion and the effect of immunotherapy
Authors: MANYONDA I T , PEREIRA R S , PEARCE J M , SHARROCK C E M 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARY
Using limiting dilution analysis (LDA) we determined anti-paternal cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursor (CTLp) frequencies in the peripheral blood of 10 women with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) before and after immunization with paternal lymphocytes. The women and their partners were HLA tissue-typed and none of the women had anti-paternal cytotoxic antibodies (APCA) before immunization. All other known causes of RSA were excluded. All 10 women were found to have high frequencies of specific anti-paternal cytotoxic T cells before immunization (range I 1/1030 to 1/9574). Splitwell analysis showed that these cytotoxic cells were specific to paternal MHC antigens. These frequencies rose significantly following immunization (range 1/683 to 1/4652). The cytotoxic T lymphocyte frequencies against an HLA-mismatched third party varied from woman to woman, but were not affected by the immunization. The LDA data conformed lo single-hit kinetics, indicating that only cytotoxic T ceils were limiting in the assay. Our data are in sharp contrast to the previously held view that women with RSA may be hyporesponsive to paternal MHC antigens. Immunizing such women with paternal leucocytes further sensitizes them. These findings cannot be reconciled with a favourable outcome in the treatment of RSA with immunotherapy. We would argue that this treatment is al best of unproven value, and may even be harmful. Thai these women may sometimes have successful pregnancies following immunotherapy testifies to the effectiveness of the classical MHC antigen-deficient trophoblast as an immunological barrier between mother and fetus.
Molecular basis for antibody cross-reactivity between the hepatitis C virus core protein and the host-derived GOR protein
Authors: ZHANG Z X , CHEN M , WALLHAGEN K , TROJNAR J , MAGNIUS L O , WAHRKN B , SÄLLBERG M 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARY
The presence of antibodies reactive to a recently cloned host-derived antigen GOR is highly correlated with the presence of antibodies to the hepatitis C virus (HCV), We explored the molecular basis for this observation, and address the following question: are antibodies reactive with GOR19-27 (QKAKSNPNR) a result of a cross-reactivity triggered by the antigenic region at residues 9-17 of HCV core (RKTKRNTNR)? We compared the relative antibody avidity between antibodies reactive to both regions, and determined the residues essential for antibody binding using substitution peptide analogues. Of 96 sera assayed, 60 were found positive for anti-HCV, and of these 55 were found to react with HCV core. Twenty-nine sera were found reactive to the GOR peptide, and these were all reactive to HCV core. In most cases the relative antibody avidity of antibodies reactive to GOR was higher for the HCV core peptide. In 21 of the GOR-reactive sera we were able to determine the essential residues for antibody binding. The essential residues in &gt; 50% of all tested sera coincided with the well conserved residues Lys10, Lys12, Asn14, and Asn16. Also, reactivity to GOR was not related to any certain serotype of antibodies to HCV. Taken together, these findings explain at the molecular level the observed cross-reactivity between these two proteins, since sequence homology per se is not evidence for cross-reactivity.