bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Governing multi-agent systems
Authors: da Silva Viviane Torres , Duran Fernanda , Guedes José , de Lucena Carlos J. P. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
In order to cope with the heterogeneity, autonomy and diversity of interests among the different agents in open multi-agent systems, several governance mechanisms have been defined. Governance mechanism enforce the behavior of agents by establishing a set of norms that describe actions that agents are prohibited, permitted or obligated to do. In this paper we present a governance mechanism that enforces not only dialogical actions but also non-dialogical ones. Although several governance mechanisms have been proposed, none of them satisfactorily deals with non-dialogical actions. Our proposed mechanism is based on testimonies provided by agents about the behavior of other agents. The governance mechanism provides decisions pointing out if norms have been violated or if false testimonies have been supplied. The decisions are based not only on testimonies and depositions provided by the agents but also on the agents’ reputations supplied by a reputation system that is part of the mechanism.
Agent-based guitar performance simulation
Authors: Costalonga Leandro L. , Vicari Rosa M. , Miletto Evandro M. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
The goal of this paper is to describe a systemaided performance and composition tool that aims to expand guitarist capacities by providing innovative ways in which the user can interact with the system. In order to achieve that, we decided to use an agentbased approach, independently modeling the active elements involved in a guitar performance as autonomous agents — named Left-Hand, Right-Hand, and Speaker (the guitar itself). These agents are able to communicate to each other in order to make some musical decisions, specially related to the chord’s shape choice. The musical elements (harmony and rhythm) are independently defined respectively by the Left-Hand and Right-Hand agents. The most relevant aspects of this work, however, are the algorithms and strategies to process both harmonic and rhythmic data. Finally, we perform an evaluation of the system and discuss the results of the implemented techniques.
The Computation of Pitch with Vectors
Authors: Arcela Aluizio 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
A pitch model is proposed which is supported by a vector representation of tones. First, an algorithm capable of performing the vector addition of the spectral components of two-tone harmonic complexes is introduced which initially converts the amplitude, frequency, and phase (AFP) parameters into coordinates of the here introduced quotient, distance in octaves, and loudness (QOL) tone space. As QOL is isomorphic to the hue, saturation, and value (HSV) color space, a transformation from QOL to the red, green, and blue (RGB) vector space can be formulated so that the vector addition of two pure tones is conceived by analogy with color mixing operations. Since the QOL to RGB transformation is invertible, the resulting RGB vector sum can be transformed back to QOL. Then, by converting QOL coordinates back to AFP parameters, a tone is found whose frequency supposedly corresponds to the pitch evoked by the original two-tone complex. As for complexes having more than two components, the algorithm is to be sequentially applied to pairs of vectors in such a way that initially the first two vector tones are added together, then the resulting vector is added to the third vector tone, and so on.
Abundance estimate for a threatened population of franciscana dolphins in southern coastal Brazil: uncertainties and management implications
Authors: Danilewicz Daniel , Moreno Ignacio B. , Ott Paulo H. , Tavares Maurício , Azevedo Alexandre F. , Secchi Eduardo R. , Andriolo Artur 
Published: November 2010

The franciscana dolphin has been considered the most threatened small cetacean in the south-western Atlantic Ocean due to gillnet by-catch. The estimation of the species' abundance has been recommended as the highest research priority. A line transect aerial survey to estimate franciscana abundance in Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil, was carried out in February 2004. The overall surveyed area comprised 13,341 km2and at least 20 transect lines. Abundance was estimated using distance sampling methods and assuming g(0) = 0.304. The corrected density is 0.51 franciscanas/km2, resulting in an abundance estimation of 6839 franciscanas (CV = 32%; 95% CI = 3709–12,594) for the surveyed area in Rio Grande do Sul. To improve this estimate: (a) perception bias should be determined; (b) the parameters influencing availability bias should be identified and quantified; and (c) survey sample size should be increased. While the lack of data to correct for perception bias and group size underestimation in this aerial survey is likely to yield an underestimate of franciscana abundance, the use of surfacing and diving time data from boat and land-based surveys to correct for availability bias is likely to cause its overestimation. Alternative values of the g0group-size estimates and rates of increase were incorporated in the analyses, creating 240 different estimates of annual increment for this franciscana population. Even in the most optimistic scenario, the annual increment of franciscanas is not sustainable with the current levels of by-catch in Rio Grande do Sul, and fishery management to reduce by-catch must be initiated promptly.
A new deep-sea species ofChloeia(Polychaeta: Amphinomidae) from southern Brazil
Authors: Barroso Rômulo , Paiva Paulo Cesar 
Published: November 2010

A new species ofChloeia(Annelida: Amphinomidae) is described from deep water (750–1045 m) off southern Brazil.Chloeia kudenovisp. nov. differ from previously described species by the extremely elongated neuropodial cirri of the second chaetiger, number and position of noto- and neuroaciculae and lack of body pigmentation. This study provides additional data on the morphological diversity of the genus.
Acute coronary syndrome in adult patients with coronary artery lesions caused by Kawasaki disease: review of case reports
Authors: Tsuda Etsuko , Abe Tadaaki , Tamaki Wataru 
Published: November 2010

AbstractInformation about acute coronary syndrome caused by Kawasaki disease-related coronary artery lesions in adults is sketchy. We reviewed the clinical features of 50 adult patients who had an acute coronary syndrome caused by coronary artery lesions due to Kawasaki disease or probable Kawasaki disease from 1980 to 2008. Of the 50 patients, 43 (90%) were male and seven were female (10%). Their ages at the onset of acute coronary syndrome ranged from 18 to 69 years, with a median of 28 years. The culprit lesion in 43 patients was thrombotic occlusion of an aneurysm, and 40 patients had giant aneurysms. In the three patients in whom no aneurysms were seen in coronary angiograms performed at the time of acute myocardial infarction, either giant aneurysms or aneurysms had been visualised in childhood. The initial treatment of acute coronary syndrome was as follows: intracoronary thrombolysis, 11; primary percutaneous coronary intervention, 9; emergency coronary artery bypass grafting, 3; and medication, 26. Elective coronary artery bypass grafting was performed in 15 patients. Three patients (6%) died. Of the 27 patients with additional coronary risk factors, 20 were smokers. Giant aneurysms due to Kawasaki disease continued to cause acute coronary syndrome in adult life with onset at a younger age than typifies that due to atherosclerosis in the general population, especially in male population rather than female population. Even when giant aneurysms regressed after the acute phase, a few patients still developed acute coronary syndrome in adult life. Smoking appears to be the most prominent additional risk factor.
Weight change in infants with a functionally univentricular heart: from surgical intervention to hospital discharge
Authors: Medoff-Cooper Barbara , Irving Sharon Y. , Marino Bradley S. , García-España J. Felipe , Ravishankar Chitra , Bird Geoffrey L. , Stallings Virginia A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to assess the pattern of weight change from surgical intervention to home discharge and to determine predictors of poor growth in this population of infants with congenital cardiac disease.MethodsNeonates with functionally univentricular physiology enrolled in a prospective cohort study examining growth between March, 2003 and May, 2007 were included. Weights were collected at birth, before surgical intervention, and at hospital discharge. In addition, retrospective echocardiographic data and data about post-operative complications were reviewed. Primary outcome variables were weight-for-age z-score at discharge and change in weight-for-age z-score between surgery and discharge.ResultsA total of 61 infants met the inclusion criteria. The mean change in weight-for-age z-score between surgery and hospital discharge was minus 1.5 plus or minus 0.8. Bivariate analysis revealed a significant difference in weight-for-age z-score between infants who were discharged on oral feeds, minus 1.1 plus or minus 0.8 compared to infants with feeding device support minus 1.7 plus or minus 0.7, p-value equal to 0.01. Lower weight-for-age z-score at birth, presence of moderate or greater atrioventricular valve regurgitation, post-operative ventilation time, and placement of an additional central venous line were associated with 60% of the variance in weight-for-age z-score change.ConclusionNeonates undergoing staged surgical repair for univentricular physiology are at significant risk for growth failure between surgery and hospital discharge. Haemodynamically significant atrioventricular valve regurgitation and a complex post-operative course were risk factors for poor post-operative weight gain. Feeding device support appears to be insufficient to ensure adequate weight gain during post-operative hospitalisation.
Development and validation of reflective inventories: assisting radiation therapists with reflective practice
Authors: Findlay Naomi , Dempsey Shane E. , Warren-Forward Helen M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjective:Freeform reflective writing is one way that radiation therapists can document their development. Barriers to this form of writing include the fact that some radiation therapists do not know what to write or how to begin this writing process. This paper outlines the development and validation of guided inventories called the Newcastle Reflective Inventories and the validation of the Newcastle Reflective Analysis Tool as an effective tool for assessing short-form guided reflective writing.Method:The Newcastle Reflective Inventories consist of a series of questions that guides the user through the reflective writing process. Validation of the Newcastle Reflective Inventories involved comparing the evidence of reflection in 14 freeform journals to that of 14 inventories completed on the same topic. Validation of the Newcastle Reflective Analysis Tool included the assessment of 30 Newcastle Reflective Inventories.Results:There was a highly statistically significant difference (p< 0.001) in the high levels of reflection evident in the inventories when compared to the lower levels of reflection in the freeform journals. Good levels of agreement were achieved between the coders.Discussion:These results show that the Newcastle Reflective Inventories are effective tools in promoting reflective writing when compared with freeform journaling.
Personalising margins for bladder radiotherapy
Authors: Sale CA , ffrench T , Voss R 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis patient case study represents the introduction of adaptive radiotherapy (ART) at the Andrew Love Cancer Centre (ALCC) with non-uniform margins for invasive bladder cancer treatment. Invasive bladder cancer has historically had poor local control with radiotherapy treatment; however, with the introduction of cone-beam computer tomography (CBCT) and adaptive treatment, there is potential for improvements in disease control and reduced toxicities.
Microstructural investigation of the Carancas meteorite
Authors: Rauf Kani , Hann Anthony , Wickramasinghe Chandra , DiGregorio Barry E. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractParticles in the Carancas meteorite were examined by electron microscopy (transmission electron microscopy/scanning electron microscopy), energy dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDAX) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopical observations reveal that the particles of variable sizes have a stony appearance. Many of these particles show fractures in places, thus confirming an ealier observation that the meteorite was subjected to a high-velocity impact. The outer rim of many aggregates displays a mud crack-like texture. At high magifications, this texture shows ovoid and elongated features, which appear similar to microfossils found in other meteorites.As revealed by both scanning and transmission electron microscopy, some particles show three clearly marked zones, distinguishable by their differences in electron density and texture: a light zone, a dark zone and an intermediate zone. The EDAX analysis of these particles shows that the light zone is composed of silicates rich in Fe, Ni and S (the elements of troilite and pentlandite). The dark zone contains high concentrations of Mg and Si (the major elements of high-temperature minerals, such as forsterite, Mg2SiO4 and enstatite, MgSiO3) intermixed with carbonates and traces of Al, Ca and Na. The intermediate zone also contains high-temperature minerals and Fe-Ni rich silicates.The Carancas meteorite produces an infrared waveband showing prominent features of some carbonate species, amorphous and crystalline silicates, and olivine groups. Hydrated silicates and hydroxyl groups are less abundant, as shown by the presence of small humps between 2.5 and 8.0 μm.The abundance of high-temperature minerals and iron-rich metal confirms an earlier observation that the meteorite is an ordinary H4/5 chondrite. Some particles in the Carancas meteorite are found to have structural and chemical characteristics similar to those of the 81P/Wild 2 comet.
Structures of neuropeptide γ from goldfish and mammalian neuropeptide γ, as determined by1H NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Lee K. , Lee S. , Kim Y. , Park N.G. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract:Neuropeptide γ belongs to tachykinin families which have a common C‐terminal amino acid sequence (Phe‐X‐Leu‐Met‐NH2) and which induce various biological responses including salivation, hypotension, and contraction of gastrointestinal, respiratory, and urinary smooth muscle. In the present study, we present the solution structures of neuropeptide γ (NPγ) from gold fish (G‐NPγ) and mammalian NPγ (M‐NPγ), as determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in 50% trifluoroethanol (TFE)/water (1 : 1, v/v) solution and 200 mmsodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles.In aqueous TFE solution, G‐NPγ has a α‐helical conformation in the region of His12–Met21and a short helix in the N‐terminal region, and has a β‐turn from Arg9to Arg11in between. In aqueous TFE solution, M‐NPγ also has α‐helical conformations both in the C‐terminal region and the N‐terminal region and a β‐turn from His9to Arg11in between. In SDS micelle, the structure of G‐NPγ contains a stable α‐helix from His12to Met21and a β‐turn from Arg9to Arg11, while M‐NPγ has a short helix from Ser16to Met21. The region from His12to Met21corresponds to the amino acid sequence of neurokinin A. Neuropeptide γ may act as a precursor of neurokinin A and the post‐translational processing of this peptide involves the enzymatic attack of the basic β‐turn region from residue 9 to residue 11 in the middle. From our relaxation study, it could be suggested that in fish system G‐NPγ induces the biological actions corresponding to those of substance P in mammalian system. The structures of G‐NPγ and M‐NPγ contain α‐helical structures at the C‐terminus and this helix seems to promote the affinity for NK1and/or NK2receptor.
Invited papers from the 7th International Conference on Fine Particle Magnetism 2010
Authors: Nordblad Per 
Published: November 2010

This cluster issue of Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics contains a collection of papers based on invited and contributed talks given at the 7th International Conference on Fine Particle Magnetism (ICFPM) held from 21–24 June, 2010 at the Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University in Sweden.
The ICFPM conferences have previously been held in Rome, Italy (1991), Bangor, UK (1996), Barcelona, Spain (1999), Pittsburgh, USA (2002), London, UK (2004) and Rome, Italy (2007); the 8th ICFPM is to be organized in Perpignan, France (2013). The aim of this series of conferences is to bring together experts in the field of fine particle magnetism to discuss recent fundamental experimental and theoretical findings as well as new technological developments and applications. Thus, the conference programme included sessions ranging from basic studies of nanomagnetism to biomedical applications of fine magnetic particles.
The local organizers of ICFPM-2010 want to thank the Swedish Research Council (VR), the Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE) and
LOT-Oriel Group Europe for financial support. We also acknowledge Akademikonferens for effective administration of the conference and Uppsala University for support and for providing the venue. Last but not least, we thank all participants for making the conference scientifically interesting and socially enjoyable.
Simulation of magnetic circular dichroism in the electron microscope
Authors: Rubino Stefano , Schattschneider Peter , Rusz Jan , Verbeeck Johan , Leifer Klaus 
Published: November 2010

As electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) and x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) probe the same transitions from core–shell states to unoccupied states above the Fermi energy, it should always be possible to apply the two techniques to the same physical phenomena, such as magnetic dichroism, and obtain the same information. Indeed, the similarity in the expression of the electron and x-ray cross-sections had been already exploited to prove the equivalence of x-ray magnetic linear dichroism and anisotropy in EELS, by noting that the polarization vector of a photon plays the same role as the momentum transfer in electron scattering. Recently, the same was proven true for x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) by establishing a new TEM technique called EMCD (electron energy-loss magnetic chiral dichroism) (Schattschneider P et al 2006 Nature
441 486–8), which makes use of special electron scattering conditions to force the absorption of a circularly polarized virtual photon.
The intrinsic advantage of EMCD over XMCD is the high spatial resolution of electron microscopes, which are readily available. Among the particular obstacles in EMCD that do not exist for synchrotron radiation, is the notoriously low signal and the very particular scattering conditions necessary to observe a chiral dichroic signal. In spite of that, impressive progress has been made in recent years. The signal strength could be considerably increased, and some innovations such as using a convergent beam have been introduced. EMCD has evolved into several techniques, which make full use of the versatility of the TEM and energy filtering, spectroscopy or STEM conditions (Rubino S 2007 Magnetic circular dichroism in the transmission electron microscope PhD Thesis Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria).
Effects of Early Neuronal and Delayed Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Blockade on Cardiovascular, Renal, and Hepatic Function in Ovine Sepsis
Authors: Lange Matthias , Hamahata Atsumori , Traber Daniel L. , Nakano Yoshimitsu , Esechie Aimalohi , Jonkam Collette , Whorton Elbert B. , von Borzyskowski Sanna , Traber Lillian D. , Enkhbaatar Perenlei 
Published: November 2010

Background
Recent evidence suggests that nitric oxide produced via the neuronal nitric oxide synthase is involved mainly in the early response to sepsis, whereas nitric oxide derived from the inducible nitric oxide synthase is responsible during the later phase. We hypothesized that early neuronal and delayed inducible nitric oxide synthase blockade attenuates multiple organ dysfunctions during sepsis.

Methods
Sheep were randomly allocated to sham-injured, nontreated animals (n = 6); injured (48 breaths of cotton smoke and instillation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa into the lungs), nontreated animals (n = 7); and injured animals treated with a neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitor from 1 to 12 h and an inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor from 12 to 24 h postinjury (n = 6).

Results
The injury induced arterial hypotension, vascular leakage, myocardial depression, and signs of renal and hepatic dysfunctions. The treatment significantly attenuated, but did not fully prevent, the decreases in mean arterial pressure and left ventricular stroke work index. Although the elevation of creatinine levels was partially prevented, the decreases in urine output and creatinine clearance were not affected. The injury-related increases in bilirubin levels, international normalized ratio, and lipid peroxidation in liver tissue were significantly attenuated. Although plasma nitrite/nitrate levels were significantly increased versus baseline from 12-24 h in controls, plasma nitrite/nitrate levels were not increased in treated animals.

Conclusions
The combination treatment shows potential benefit on sepsis-related arterial hypotension and surrogate parameters of organ dysfunctions in sheep. It may be crucial to identify the time course of expression and activation of different nitric oxide synthase isoforms in future investigations.
Hypoxia Induces Late Preconditioning in the Rat Heart In Vivo
Authors: Berger Marc M. , Huhn Ragnar , Oei Gezina T. , Heinen André , Winzer Andreas , Bauer Inge , Preckel Benedikt , Weber Nina C. , Schlack Wolfgang , Hollmann Markus W. 
Published: November 2010

Background
Although hypoxic late preconditioning (LPC) limits ischemia-reperfusion injury in vitro, its cardioprotective effect is not established in vivo.

Methods
In part 1, rats were exposed to 4 h of hypoxia (16%, 12%, 8% oxygen) before 24 h of reoxygenation. In part 2, normoxic rats received early preconditioning with sevoflurane (1 minimum alveolar concentration [MAC] for 3 × 5 min), continuous administration of 1 MAC sevoflurane, or 11 mg · kg · h propofol. Thereafter, all rats underwent 25 min of regional myocardial ischemia and 120 min of reperfusion. After reperfusion, hearts were excised for infarct staining. The expression of protein kinase C (PKC)α and PKCε was assessed by Western blot analysis and the expression of heme oxygenase-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.

Results
In normoxic control rats, infarct size was 62 ± 6% of the area at risk. Hypoxic LPC reduced infarct size (LPC16: 36 ± 11%, LPC12: 38 ± 10%, LPC8: 39 ± 11%; each P < 0.001) to approximately the same magnitude as sevoflurane-preconditioning (40 ± 8%; P < 0.001). Combined LPC16 and sevoflurane preconditioning was not superior to either substance alone. Continuous sevoflurane or propofol was not protective. The PKC inhibitor calphostin C abolished the cardioprotective effects of LPC16. PKCε, but not PKCα, expression was increased 6 and 28 h after hypoxic LPC. Heme oxygenase-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor were transiently up-regulated after 6 h.

Conclusion
Hypoxic LPC at 8%, 12%, and 16% oxygen reduces infarct size in the rat heart in vivo. This effect is as powerful as sevoflurane-preconditioning. PKCε is a key player in mediating hypoxic LPC.