bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Unique Case of Supraspinatus Tendonitis after Tennis Forehand Repetitive Motions
Authors: Djurovic Niksa , Hraste Mladen , Stanisic Ljubica , Lozovina Mislav , Lozovina Vinko , Pavicic Leo 
Published: May 2010

A Unique Case of Supraspinatus Tendonitis after Tennis Forehand Repetitive Motions
A unique case of a professional tennis player who sustained a traumatic supraspinatus tendonitis while playing Forehand was presented. This case shows how science fields could and should cooperate in the future since this appears to be the first report of high inflammatory of supraspinatus tendon during Forehand motions. Instead of aggressive treatment in the form of surgery, a team of experts decided for new treatment that brought exceptional results.
Territorial Cohesion in the Context of Interregional and Transnational Cooperation
Authors: Stein Axel 
Published: May 2010

Territorial cohesion can be traced back to the making of the European Spatial Development Perspective. Therefore, the experience gained with the application of this ‘mother document’ (Faludi in Krupa et al., 2008, p. 14) of integrative planning in Europe can contribute to the specification of territorial cohesion.
This paper draws on experience from the Interreg IIIC project ProgreSDEC, covering local and regional authorities from Greece, Italy, and Spain cooperating with each other in interregional and transnational projects. It looks both at the vertical and horizontal dimensions of European integration and explains three aspects of territorial cohesion. Talking about growing awareness, it should be differentiated between awareness relating to European issues – such as the European territorial and institutional environment – to the quality of planning, and to the endogenous ‘territorial capital’. Key terms of European integrative planning are interpreted differently. The paper discusses the reading of ‘polycentricity’, ‘landscape’, and ‘governance’, in particular. Territorial governance can be looked at as an institutional approach to develop integrative planning in the context of territorial cohesion. This notably turns the attention to regions as the focus of integration, in terms of balancing sectoral approaches, bundling spacious networks, and handling the demands from different levels.
Microsatellite markers in the tree peony,Paeonia suffruticosa(Paeoniaceae)
Authors: Homolka Andreas , Berenyi Maria , Burg Kornel , Kopecky Dieter , Fluch Silvia 
Published: May 2010

•Premise of the study:Microsatellite primers were developed in the tree peony,Paeonia suffruticosa, to perform paternity tests as well as assignment to variety in special Austrian collections.•Methods and Results:Using SSR‐enriched libraries and EST‐mining, 8 polymorphic primer sets were identified in Austrian collections ofPaeoniasect.MoutanDC. The primers amplified di‐ and trinucleotide repeats with 2–6 alleles per locus. All primers also amplified inP. ostii, P. pontaniniivar.trolloides, P. delavayi, andP. lutea, and in the herbaceous speciesP. peregrinaandP. tenuifolia(Paeoniasect.Paeon).•Conclusions:These results show the usefulness of primers inP. suffruticosafor population genetic studies and their ability to cross amplify in related taxa across the genus.
High Expression of the Ectonucleotidase CD39 on T Cells from the Inflamed Site Identifies Two Distinct Populations, One Regulatory and One Memory T Cell Population
Authors: Moncrieffe Halima , Nistala Kiran , Kamhieh Yasmine , Evans Jamie , Eddaoudi Ayad , Eaton Simon , Wedderburn Lucy R. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The ectonucleotidase CD39 has recently been described as being highly expressed on regulatory Foxp3+ CD4 T cells. Through hydrolysis of proinflammatory extracellular ATP, CD39 activity represents a newly described mechanism of regulatory T cell action. We report a novel population of human CD4 T cells that express CD39 yet are Foxp3 negative. These cells produce the proinflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and IL-17 and fail to suppress proliferation; however, they still have high ATP hydrolysis activity. In the inflammatory site in human juvenile idiopathic arthritis, the CD39+Foxp3− population is greatly increased compared with peripheral blood of patients or healthy controls. We also show that cells expressing the AMPase CD73 are less frequent in the joint than in blood. To our knowledge, this is the first study to describe and characterize CD39 function on CD4 T cells from the target site in a human autoinflammatory condition. Our data suggest that in human CD4+ T cells from the inflamed site, CD39 can be highly expressed on two populations, one regulatory and the other of a memory phenotype.
“Default” Generation of Neonatal Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Wang Guohua , Miyahara Yoshihiro , Guo Zhiyong , Khattar Mithun , Stepkowski Stanislaw M. , Chen Wenhao 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells were shown to control all aspects of immune responses. How these Treg cells develop is not fully defined, especially in neonates during development of the immune system. We studied the induction of Treg cells from neonatal T cells with various TCR stimulatory conditions, because TCR stimulation is required for Treg cell generation. Independent of the types of TCR stimulus and without the addition of exogenous TGF-β, up to 70% of neonatal CD4+Foxp3− T cells became CD4+Foxp3+ Treg cells, whereas generally &lt;10% of adult CD4+Foxp3− T cells became CD4+Foxp3+ Treg cells under the same conditions. These neonatal Treg cells exert suppressive function and display relatively stable Foxp3 expression. Importantly, this ability of Treg cell generation gradually diminishes within 2 wk of birth. Consistent with in vitro findings, the in vivo i.p. injection of anti-CD3 mAb to stimulate T cells also resulted in a &gt;3-fold increase in Treg cells in neonates but not in adults. Furthermore, neonatal or adult Foxp3− T cells were adoptively transferred into Rag1−/− mice. Twelve days later, the frequency of CD4+Foxp3+ T cells converted from neonatal cells was 6-fold higher than that converted from adult cells. Taken together, neonatal CD4+ T cells have an intrinsic “default” mechanism to become Treg cells in response to TCR stimulations. This finding provides intriguing implications about neonatal immunity, Treg cell generation, and tolerance establishment early in life.
TGF-β Induces IL-9 Production from Human Th17 Cells
Authors: Beriou Gaëlle , Bradshaw Elizabeth M. , Lozano Ester , Costantino Cristina M. , Hastings William D. , Orban Tihamer , Elyaman Wassim , Khoury Samia J. , Kuchroo Vijay K. , Baecher-Allan Clare , Hafler David A. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe secretion of IL-9, initially recognized as a Th2 cytokine, was recently attributed to a novel CD4 T cell subset termed Th9 in the murine system. However, IL-9 can also be secreted by mouse Th17 cells and may mediate aspects of the proinflammatory activities of Th17 cells. Here we report that IL-9 is secreted by human naive CD4 T cells in response to differentiation by Th9 (TGF-β and IL-4) or Th17 polarizing conditions. Yet, these differentiated naive cells did not coexpress IL-17 and IL-9, unless they were repeatedly stimulated under Th17 differentiation-inducing conditions. In contrast to the naive cells, memory CD4 T cells were induced to secrete IL-9 by simply providing TGF-β during stimulation, as neither IL-4 nor proinflammatory cytokines were required. Furthermore, the addition of TGF-β to the Th17-inducing cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-21, IL-23) that induce memory cells to secrete IL-17, resulted in the marked coexpression of IL-9 in IL-17 producing memory cells. The proinflammatory cytokine mediating TGF-β–dependent coexpression of IL-9 and IL-17 was identified to be IL-1β. Moreover, circulating monocytes were potent costimulators of IL-9 production by Th17 cells via their capacity to secrete IL-1β. Finally, to determine whether IL-9/IL-17 coproducing CD4 cells were altered in an inflammatory condition, we examined patients with autoimmune diabetes and demonstrated that these subjects exhibit a higher frequency of memory CD4 cells with the capacity to transition into IL-9+IL-17+ cells. These data demonstrate the presence of IL-17+IL-9+ CD4 cells induced by IL-1β that may play a role in human autoimmune disease.
Organizational Learning in Housing Sector Nongovernmental Development Organizations: Recommendations for Enhancing Development Effectiveness
Authors: Zimbrick Anna 
Published: May 2010

Despite sizable investment over the last forty years to improve housing conditions and quality of life in substandard settlements, success has been elusive. Meeting the United Nation’s Millennium Development Goal of achieving significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers by 2020 seems unlikely given recent projections. The 2006 report of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme indicates that nearly one billion people live in slums, with that number predicted to double by 2030. Given the current debate on U.S. foreign assistance reform and serious questions about the effectiveness of development aid, it is more important than ever to candidly examine initiatives to improve slums and the lives of slum dwellers and to grapple with the question of why existing funding levels and good intentions have not resulted in the hoped-for improvements in the lives of the world’s most poor. The U.S. Agency for International Development, the U.S. Department of State and other donors of official U.S. foreign aid channel significant development assistance through nongovernmental development organizations (NGDO). NGDOs that choose to accept government funds are impacted by U.S. development policy, and the effectiveness of U.S. development assistance is deeply impacted by the quality of NGDOs’ work. Given the reality that housing interventions have grossly inadequately addressed the housing crisis in developing countries, the ability of NGDOs to learn from the past and adapt their approach for the future is of pressing importance to meet the need for adequate housing and to meet other global challenges. This paper examines factors that hinder the ability of NGDOs working on slum issues to learn from the past, especially those related to NGDO success at organizational learning. Key lessons learned are examined and recommendations are proposed to enhance the ability of NGDOs to learn and thus better serve the needs of their focus population.
HPV Vaccination Program for Sixth-Grade Girls in Washington, D.C.: A Cost-Benefit Analysis
Authors: Snyder Sarah 
Published: May 2010

This cost-benefit analysis studies the most significant costs and benefits of the new requirement in Washington, D.C. that all parents of sixth-grade girls certify that their children are vaccinated against the Human Papillomavirus (HPV). Thelargest costs are the economic cost of purchasing the vaccine and the costs of administration to providers, which total just over $2.1 million per year. Additional costs that cannot be easily monetized but are included conceptually include the potential for adverse events and opportunity costs of providers and parents. The largest potential for benefits from this policy relate to the two diseases prevented by the vaccine: genital warts and cervical cancer. By quantifying the cost of treatment for both diseases and estimating the economic value of lives lost, this analysis estimates the benefits to be nearly $1.5 million yearly. Thus, the economic analysis finds this policy inefficient, since benefits greatly outweigh costs in all but one scenario of sensitivity analysis. The analysis also identifies the limitations of this study and of cost-benefit analysis generally, and cautions against the sole use of cost-benefit analysis, especially for health policy decisions.
Marine scavenging: The relative importance of mass transfer and reaction rates
Authors: Jannasch Hans W. , Honeyman Bruce D. , Murray James W. 
Published: May 2010

We present an analysis of factors regulating the scavenging rate of trace elements and nutrients by settling particles in the ocean. The overall process limiting marine scavenging rates is determined by comparing the relative kinetics of dissolved phase mass transfer and particle‐associated sorption rates. Measured scavenging and uptake rates of a variety of marine particle types are then compared to theoretically calculated mass transfer rate constants.Our calculations show that for most marine environments, sorption rates arc much slower than external mass transfer of dissolved species. External mass transfer is therefore not the limiting process. Particle‐associated processes such as adsorption, intraparticle reactions, and particle repackaging must control the overall scavenging rates observed in the ocean.
Mesocosm tracer studies. 1. Zooplankton as sources and sinks in the pelagic phosphorus cycle of a mesotrophic lake
Authors: Lyche Anne , Andersen Tom , Christoffersen Kirsten , Hessen Dag O. , Berger Hansen Paul H. , Klysner Annette 
Published: May 2010

The impact of various zooplankton groups on the cycling and retention of phosphorus in a mesotrophic lake in late summer was estimated in a 10‐d mesocosm experiment with addition of 33P. Specific assimilation rates for various dissolved and particulate fractions and individual zooplankton species were estimated by application of tracer models. By means of mathematical inverse methods, these estimates were used to construct a balanced P budget that included the different zooplankton groups.Altogether, the consumers (including the mixotrophic Dinobryon) were responsible for >60% of the estimated P sedimentation (∼1% d−1). The microconsumers had the largest specific P assimilation (0.28 d−1) and regenerated 45% of assimilated P; Daphnia had an intermediate P assimilation (0.17 d−1), but regenerated <20%, whereas Cyclops assimilated P quite slowly (0.07 d−1) and regenerated 230% of its assimilation of algal P <20 µm, due to its feeding on microconsumers.The microconsumers, and the daphnids in particular, thus act mainly as sinks for P, whereas the cyclopoids act mainly as sources of P by assimilating and regenerating P otherwise trapped in the microconsumers. The mechanisms responsible for these different roles seem related to growth rate and P content of the consumers relative to that of their diet.
Seasonal dynamics of phytoplankton and Calanus finmarchicus in the North Sea as revealed by a coupled one‐dimensional model
Authors: Carlotti François , Radach Günther 
Published: May 2010

A population dynamics model for Calanus finmarchicus was coupled with a one‐dimensional physical and biological upper layer model for phosphate and phytoplankton to simulate the development of the successive stages of Calanus and study the role of these stages in the dynamics of the northern North Sea ecosystem. The copepod model links trophic processes and population dynamics, and simulates individual growth within stages and the changes in biomass between stages.Simulations of annual cycles contain two or three generations of Calanus and indicate the importance of growth of late stages to total population biomass. The spring peak of zooplankton lags that of phytoplankton by a month due to growth of the first cohort. When compared with observations, the simulation shows a broad phytoplankton bloom and a low biomass of Calanus. A higher initial overwintering stock changes the dynamics of Calanus, but not the annual biomass. The timing of the spring ascent of overwintering individuals influences subsequent dynamics.Simulations of spring dynamics compared with data obtained during the Fladen Ground Experiment in 1976 show that grazing by Calanus cannot be the only major cause limiting the phytoplankton bloom because development of the first stages of Calanus is slow, and the last copepodite stages arrive after the bloom. Calanus never attains realistic biomasses feeding on phytoplankton as a single food source. These simulations led us to add a compartment of pelagic detritus, which provides another food source to enable Calanus population growth.
Pelagic‐benthic coupling: Profundal benthic community response to spring diatom deposition in mesotrophic Lake Erken
Authors: Goedkoop Willem , Johnson Richard K. 
Published: May 2010

Phytodetrital sedimentation, bacterial activity in sediments, and benthic macro‐ and meiofauna abundance were measured to calculate a carbon budget for pelagic‐benthic coupling in Lake Erken. Bacterial activity in surficial sediment was limited by temperature in spring, although a significant correlation with the input of spring‐bloom phytodetritus was noted. Population dynamics of benthic meiofauna during a period of increased food availability in spring were highly taxon‐specific and closely correlated to feeding behavior. Abundances of ostracods and nematodes rapidly increased when phytodetritus became available in hypolimnetic water and surficial sediment, respectively. Considerable time lags (months) were found between phytodetritus deposition and population development of harpacticoid copepods and chydorids.Carbon budget calculations based on sedimentation data (traps) and surficial sediment C content showed that during spring between 1.1 and 7.2% of deposited phytodetritus is assimilated by benthic meiofauna, whereas the dominant macroinvertebrates, sedentary chironomids, assimilated between 2.4 and 6.0%. On average, between 1.9 and 12.4% of the deposited phytodetritus was mineralized by sediment bacteria. A significant negative correlation was found between abundances of benthic meiofauna and bacteria in the sediment. Chlorophyll a analysis of surficial sediment was a necessary, complementary tool to detect sedimentation that was not detected by the traditional, cylindric sediment traps.
The effects of climatic warming on the properties of boreal lakes and streams at the Experimental Lakes Area, northwestern Ontario
Authors: Schindler David W. , Bayley Suzanne E. , Parker Brian R. , Beaty Ken G. , Cruikshank Dana R. , Fee Everett J. , Schindler Eva U. , Stainton Michael P. 
Published: May 2010

A period of prolonged warmer, drier‐than‐normal weather in northwestern Ontario during the 1970s and 1980s resulted in severe forest fires that caused dramatic changes to lake and stream catchments. The changed interactions of weather with catchments and hydrological processes caused unexpected changes in physical, chemical, and biological processes in lakes and streams. Permanent first‐order streams became ephemeral. Flows at spring melt were lower, and chemical exports from catchments were reduced. Although catchments burned by forest fire had slightly higher flows and chemical exports than unburned basins in the years following fires, chemical exports generally declined due to lower streamflow. Decreased exports of silica indicated lower rates of weathering. Base cation exports also decreased, as did the ratio of base cations to strong acid anions in streams.Changes in lakes included warmer temperatures, clearer waters, deeper thermoclines and euphotic zones, higher alkalinities, and higher concentrations of base cations and nitrogen, but lower concentrations of dissolved organic C, silica, and P. The increase in alkalinity was caused by increases in the ratio of base cations to strong acid anions, resulting from the interaction of increased water retention, microbial sulfate reduction, and exchanges of cations between water and sediments. Declines in chlorophyll and increases in phytoplankton biomass were observed, but there was no detectable effect on areal phytoplankton production. Summer subthermocline habitats for cold stenotherms were reduced slightly in extent as the results of thermocline deepening and lower hypolimnetic oxygen. There is considerable potential for interaction between climatic change and other human perturbations affecting boreal lakes, including acidification, increased incident UV radiation, eutrophication, and overharvesting.
Potential effects of global climate change on small north‐temperate lakes: Physics, fish, and plankton
Authors: De Stasio Bart T. , Hill David K. , Kleinhans Julie M. , Nibbelink Nathan P. , Magnuson John J. 
Published: May 2010

A 10‐yr record of the thermal characteristics of four lakes at the North‐Temperate Lakes Long‐Term Ecological Research site was analyzed and used to validate simulations of lake physics with the dynamic reservoir simulation model. Simulations of cool, warm, and intermediate years were rerun with meteorology from four general circulation models with a doubling of CO2. In all simulations with doubled CO2 there is an earlier onset of stratification, increased summer epilimnetic temperature (1–7°C), and an increased intensity and longer duration of stratification. Maximum surface temperatures at times may exceed upper lethal limits of warm and cool water fish in some scenarios. Suitable thermal habitat for cold water, cool water, and warm water fish generally increases in all scenarios after climate change.Changes in the vertical migration of Daphnia, however, are expected to vary depending on the interaction of thermal stratification and fish habitat use. In northern Wisconsin lakes with cold water planktivores, habitat overlap between fish and zooplankton is expected to decrease, while in southern Wisconsin lakes habitat overlap is expected to increase. Although most physical responses of lakes to climate change are consistent among all climate scenarios, biological responses will likely be more variable owing to the complex nature of factors determining ecological interactions in lakes.
The geochemistry of Lake Bosumtwi, a hydrologically closed basin in the humid zone of tropical Ghana
Authors: Turner Benjamin F. , Gardner L. R. , Sharp W E. , Blood E. R. 
Published: May 2010

Lake Bosumtwi lies in an isolated, hydrologically closed basin formed by a meteor impact ~1 × 106 yr ago. Comparison of lake‐water samples taken in 1993 with one from 1934 shows a decrease in the concentrations of dissolved solutes, most likely owing to an estimated 13% increase in lake volume. A mass balance calculation that uses an estimate of the average chloride composition of the rainfall shows that the most recent overflow of the lake occurred within the last 3,000 yr. Evaluation of the sources and sinks of major solutes suggests that deposition of harmattan dust may be an important component of the influx of ions into the lake.Although the lake is homogeneous with respect to major ion composition, it is stratified into an upper oxygenated layer and a lower anoxic layer, and there is an abrupt change in the concentration profiles of pH, NH4+, PO43−, NO3−, and Mn at a depth of 16 m. This chemical stratification is apparently caused by photosynthesis in the upper layer and respiration and reducing conditions below.The stable isotopic composition of the lake water is reasonably well simulated by a simple isotope balance model for the lake. The model is used to show that the δ18O composition of the lake is relatively insensitive to changes in the water balance, but is highly sensitive to relative humidity and the isotopic composition of atmospheric moisture.