bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Full‐scale Applications of Membrane Filtration in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants
Authors: Holba Marek , Plotěný Karel , Dvořák Lukáš , Gómez Marcel , Růžičková Iveta 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe performance of one pilot‐scale and two full‐scale membrane bioreactors (MBR) were evaluated based on the control of main operational parameters, composition of microbial community and pathogens concentration in the treated outlet. Plants were designed for 0.75 m3/day (A), 60 m3/day (B) and 30 m3/day (C). Inlet and outlet samples were monitored for chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand, total suspended solids, ammonia nitrogen concentration (NH4–N), nitrate nitrogen concentration, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, total phosphorus and phosphate phosphorus concentration concentrations. Plants showed good COD removal: 91.9% for Plant A, 97.8% for Plant B and 94.2% for Plant C. The targeted nitrogenous ion was NH4–N due to the requirements for outlet limits. NH4–N removal was moderate for Plant A (73.3%) and Plant B (86.1%) and excellent for Plant C (>99%). Excellent phosphorus removal was achieved by Plant A (average outlet concentration was 0.7 mg/L, efficiency 84.7%). Unsatisfactory results for phosphorus removal were achieved at the full‐scale plants due to operational problems. The dependency between the extracellular polymeric substances increase and decreasing mixed liquor volatile suspended solids for both lab and full‐scale plants was confirmed. Soluble microbial product concentrations were reduced by 65–68% after coagulant dosage for Plant A. Outlets from the MBR plants were monitored for the presence of pathogens (thermotolerant coliforms, Escherichia coli, intestinal Enterococci and culturable microorganisms at 22 and 37°C). The treated effluent from Plant A, B and C met Czech national legislation regarding reuse criteria (standards) for environment, irrigation and swimming purposes. Plants B and C were not able to achieve requirements for potable water and personal hygiene quality standards.
Column Bioleaching of Arsenic and Heavy Metals from Gold Mine Tailings by Aspergillus fumigatus
Authors: Seh‐Bardan Bahi Jalili , Othman Radziah , Ab Wahid Samsuri , Husin Aminudin , Sadegh‐Zadeh Fardin 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA column bioleaching experiment was carried out to compare the effectiveness of the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus to bioleach arsenic (As) and heavy metals from the tailings using two different methods. In the first method, which is named as distribution method (DM), the fungus was distributed in the column by means of vertical and horizontal layers of coarse sand. In the other method, named as surface applied method (SAM), the fungus was cultivated on the surface of the tailings, which was covered with a few centimeters of coarse sand. Results showed that in the DM, oxalic acid production was stimulated and maximum removal of As, Fe, Mn, and Zn was 53, 51, 81, and 62%, respectively. However, Pb removal was low (8%), which might be due to the precipitation of Pb as its oxalates. On the other hand, the maximum removal of As, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn were 22, 28, 37, 64, and 34%, respectively, for the SAM. Results of the sequential extraction study showed that the DM was effective in removing the water soluble, exchangeable, carbonate, and Fe/Mn oxide fractions of As, Fe, Mn, and Zn. Our study suggested that A. fumigatus has a potential to be used in remediation of heavy metal contaminated sites. Distributing the fungus throughout the entire tailings columns improved the bioleaching of heavy metals by the fungus.
Response Surface Optimization of Acid Red 119 Dye Adsorption by Mixtures of Dried Sewage Sludge and Sewage Sludge Ash
Authors: Moghaddam Shabnam Sadri , Alavi Moghaddam Mohammad Reza , Arami Mokhtar 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe mixtures of dried sewage sludge (DSS) and sewage sludge ash were studied for removal of acid red 119 (AR119) dye as a new, more environmental friendly, and low cost adsorbent. For this purpose, response surface methodology was applied to optimize the dye removal efficiency and turbidity of treated dye solutions as two individual responses. Results revealed that an optimum condition under specified constraints (dye removal efficiency >95% and turbidity <50 NTU) was obtained at a contact time of 60 min, 40 wt% DSS in the mixture, an initial pH of 6, and an initial dye concentration of 200 mg dye/L in distilled water. Under the optimal condition, dye removal efficiency of 94.98% and effluent turbidity of 24.9 NTU was observed. In further studies, at optimum condition, the effect of some additives on adsorption process and desorption/reusability of adsorbent was investigated. It was observed that removal efficiency was significantly decreased to 83.76% when a simulated dye wastewater (containing the selected dye, acetic acid, and Glauber's salt dissolved in tap water) was used. Desorption studies revealed that AR119 dye could be well removed from dye‐loaded adsorbent by 0.3 M NaOH solution.
SGBR Performance on the Basis of Color and COD Removal from Textile Wastewater
Authors: Debik Eyup , Coban Asli , Kaykioglu Gul , Kayacan Bergin Beril 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis study focused on removal of color and chemical oxygen demand (COD) parameter from textile effluents using a static granular bed reactor (SGBR), which has never been used to treat textile effluents previously. With an organic loading rate (OLR) of 1 kg/m3 day and a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 48 h, COD and color removal efficiencies were 74 and 61%, respectively, while the removal efficiencies were 72 and 57%, respectively, with OLR of 1.7 kg/(m3 day) and HRT of 24 h. It was concluded that the SGBR could be used as an alternative method to treat and decolorize textile effluents. First order and modified Stover–Kincannon models were used to develop a kinetic model using the experimental data with correlation coefficients (R2) of 0.39 and 0.94, respectively. In regard with the calculated correlation coefficients, modified Stover–Kincannon model, which was used to model anerobic biofilters in previous studies, fitted best with the experimental data and it was stated that SGBR worked as an anerobic biofilter.
Sensitive Ion‐Flotation Separation of Ag(I) Traces Using 2‐(2‐Methoxyphenyl)benzimidazole before Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Determination in Water
Authors: Tavallali Hossein , Lalehparvar Shahram , Nekoei Abdo‐Reza , Ghane Jahromi Maryam , Niknam Khodabakhsh 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA sensitive, reliable, and environmentally friendly method for simple separation and preconcentration of Ag(I) traces in aqueous samples is presented prior to their flame atomic absorption spectrometric determinations. At pH 7.0, Ag(I) was separated with 2‐(2‐methoxyphenyl)benzimidazole (MPBI) as a new complexing agent and floated after adding sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as a foaming reagent. The floated layer was then dissolved in proper amount of concentrated nitric acid in methanol and introduced to the flame atomic absorption spectrometer (FAAS). The effects of pH, concentration of MPBI, type and amount of surfactant as the floating agent, type and amount of eluting agent, and influence of foreign ions on the recovery of the analyte ion were investigated. Also, using a nonlinear curve fitting method, the formation constant of 1.62 × 106 was obtained for Ag(I)–MPBI complex. The analytical curve was linear in the range of 1.8 × 10−7–1.7 × 10−6 mol/L for determination of Ag(I). The relative standard deviation (RSD; N = 10) corresponding to 0.7 × 10−6 mol/L of Ag(I), the limit of detection (10 blanks), and the enrichment factor were obtained as 1.7%, 2.9 × 10−8 mol/L, and 43.0, respectively. The proposed procedure was then applied successfully for determination of silver ions in different water samples.
Adsorption of Phosphate by Biomass Char Deriving from Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass Waste
Authors: Peng Feng , He Pi‐Wen , Luo Yin , Lu Xiang , Liang Ying , Fu Jie 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBiomass char (BC) deriving from fast pyrolysis of biomass was a potential adsorption material due to its relative high fixed‐carbon content and the inherent porous structures. Adsorption of phosphate from aqueous solution by BC was investigated in this paper. The results showed that the adsorption capacity of BC was dependent on pyrolysis conditions, such as temperature and holding time. The maximum adsorption capacity for phosphate was approximately 15.11 mg g−1 at 298 K. The pseudo‐second order model of the adsorption kinetics indicated that the adsorption process was complex and several mechanisms were involved. Equilibrium isotherm was satisfactorily followed the Freundlich isotherm model. The KF value in Freundlich equation gradually increased with elevating temperature. Moreover, the thermodynamic constants: ΔG0, ΔH0, and ΔS0 were evaluated as −6.49 kJ mol−1 (at 298 K), 13.41 kJ mol−1, and 66.70 J mol−1 K−1, respectively. Phosphate adsorption onto BC was spontaneous and endothermic. As a waste, BC was a potentially attractive adsorbent for phosphate removal from aqueous solution with low cost and high capability.
Projection Pursuit Evaluation Model: Optimizing Scheme of Crop Planning for Agricultural Sustainable Development and Soil Resources Utilization
Authors: Wang Yubao , Wu Pute , Zhao Xining , Jin Jiming 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPlanting structure influences the economic, social, and ecological benefits of crop farming as well as the use efficiency of water and arable land resources, and so crop planning (CP) benefits for agricultural sustainable development and soil resources utilization. The projection pursuit evaluation (PPE) model is put forward to solve the problem of selecting an optimizing scheme for CP by considering the indices of water‐saving and economic, social, and ecological benefits. The real‐coding‐based accelerating genetic algorithm (RAGA) is introduced to accelerate the calculation process. The model can translate multi‐indices into a single index by transforming high‐dimensional data to low‐dimensional space, which helps evaluate CP optimizing schemes. For example, the model is used to evaluate and select an optimal scheme of CP in the middle reaches of the Heihe mainstream basin in the arid area of northwest China. According to four criteria (high efficiency of resources use, economic rationality, social equity, and ecological security) 19 indices were chosen to evaluate 12 optimizing schemes of four kinds (economic‐benefit, food‐security, ecological‐benefit, and water‐saving programs) in 2006, 2020, and 2030. The result shows that, in the 3 years, the water‐saving program is always the optimized scheme in an arid region with water deficiency and fragile ecology. The evaluated results match up to the developmental conditions of crop farming in recent years. Moreover, the direction of the optimal projection could reflect the weight and orientation of indices objectively and accurately.
Investigations on the 4‐Quinolone‐3‐Carboxylic Acid Motif Part 5: Modulation of the Physicochemical Profile of a Set of Potent and Selective Cannabinoid‐2 Receptor Ligands through a Bioisosteric Approach
Authors: Mugnaini Claudia , Nocerino Stefania , Pedani Valentina , Pasquini Serena , Tafi Andrea , De Chiaro Maria , Bellucci Luca , Valoti Massimo , Guida Francesca , Luongo Livio , Dragoni Stefania , Ligresti Alessia , Rosenberg Avraham , Bolognini Daniele , Cascio Maria Grazia , Pertwee Roger G. , Moaddel Ruin , Maione Sabatino , Di Marzo Vincenzo , Corelli Federico 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThree heterocyclic systems were selected as potential bioisosteres of the amide linker for a series of 1,6‐disubstituted‐4‐quinolone‐3‐carboxamides, which are potent and selective CB2 ligands that exhibit poor water solubility, with the aim of improving their physicochemical profile and also of clarifying properties of importance for amide bond mimicry. Among the newly synthesized compounds, a 1,2,3‐triazole derivative (1‐(adamantan‐1‐yl)‐4‐[6‐(furan‐2‐yl)‐1,4‐dihydro‐4‐oxo‐1‐pentylquinolin‐3‐yl]‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazole) emerged as the most promising in terms of both physicochemical and pharmacodynamic properties. When assayed in vitro, this derivative exhibited inverse agonist activity, whereas, in the formalin test in mice, it produced analgesic effects antagonized by a well‐established inverse agonist. Metabolic studies allowed the identification of a side chain hydroxylated derivative as its only metabolite, which, in its racemic form, still showed appreciable CB2 selectivity, but was 150‐fold less potent than the parent compound.
Adjuvant therapy in stage I carcinoma of the breast
Authors: Schwartz Gordon F. , Reis‐Fihlo Jorge , Pusztai Lajos , Fentiman Ian S. , Holland Roland , Bartelink Harry , Rutgers Emiel J. T. , Solin Lawrence J. , Palazzo Juan ,   and the Consensus Committee
Published: March 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Breast Health International and the Kimmel Cancer Center of Thomas Jefferson University cosponsored a consensus conference that included an international group of experts.METHODS:Since the adoption of adjuvant chemotherapy for stage I, lymph node‐negative breast cancers in 1988, investigators have tried to “fine‐tune” the treatment criteria. At this consensus conference, the group debated recommendations for adjuvant hormone and cytotoxic chemotherapy in stage I breast cancers.RESULTS:Discussions during the conference addressed issues of adjuvant therapy for stage I breast cancer and the influence of multigene analyses and molecular phenotyping. The panelists discussed various demographic, morphologic, biologic, and genetic factors expressed by individual tumors and their influence on treatment decisions.CONCLUSIONS:The panel tried to create guidelines for the consideration of adjuvant treatment of these patients, including both hormone and cytotoxic regimens. They also encouraged further research into the molecular analysis of breast cancers and the introduction of clinical trials based on current data, although they concluded that it is too early to add any of those analyses into the decision‐making algorithms of recommendations for the treatment of stage I breast cancer. Cancer 2012;. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Burkitt post‐transplantation lymphoma in adult solid organ transplant recipients
Authors: Zimmermann Heiner , Reinke Petra , Neuhaus Ruth , Lehmkuhl Hans , Oertel Stephan , Atta Johannes , Planker Manfred , Gärtner Barbara , Lenze Dido , Anagnostopoulos Ioannis , Riess Hanno , Trappe Ralf U. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Burkitt lymphoma post‐transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder (Burkitt‐PTLD) is a rare form of monomorphic B‐cell PTLD for which no standard treatment has been established. Currently, the treatment of Burkitt lymphoma outside the post‐transplantation setting involves high doses of alkylating agents, frequent dosing, and intrathecal and/or systemic central nervous system prophylaxis. In PTLD, however, such protocols are associated with considerable toxicity and mortality.METHODS:The authors present a retrospective series of 8 adult patients with Burkitt‐PTLD. Six patients were reported to the prospective German PTLD registry or were enrolled in the PTLD‐1 trial, and 2 patients had received treatment before 2000, thus allowing for comparison with the pre‐rituximab era.RESULTS:Seven of the 8 patients were men. The median age at presentation was 38 years, and the median time since transplantation was 5.7 years. Five of 8 patients had histologically established, Epstein‐Barr virus‐associated disease, and 7 of 7 patients were positive for a MYC translocation. Five of 8 patients received sequential immunochemotherapy (4 courses of rituximab [R] followed by 4 cycles of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone [CHOP] or R plus CHOP [R‐CHOP]). In this group, 5 of 5 patients reached complete remission (CR), and their overall survival (OS) was significantly longer (P = .008) compared with the OS for 2 of 8 patients who received first‐line CHOP and did not respond. One of 8 patients (who had stage IV disease with meningiosis) received combination therapy (cyclophosphamide pretreatment, rituximab, intrathecal chemotherapy, whole‐brain irradiation, and radioimmunotherapy) and reached CR. Overall, 6 of 8 patients reached CR; and, after a median follow‐up of 4.7 years (range, 1.7‐4.8 years), the median OS was 36.7 months. There was no treatment‐related mortality under first‐line therapy.CONCLUSIONS:In the largest adult case series in Burkitt‐PTLD to date, sequential immunochemotherapy with rituximab followed by standard CHOP or R‐CHOP was a both safe and effective treatment. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Patient navigation for breast and colorectal cancer in 3 community hospital settings
Authors: Donaldson Elisabeth A. , Holtgrave David R. , Duffin Renea A. , Feltner Frances , Funderburk William , Freeman Harold P. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:The Ralph Lauren Cancer Center implemented patient navigation programs in sites across the United States building on the model pioneered by Harold P. Freeman, MD. Patient navigation targets medically underserved with the objective of reducing the time interval between an abnormal cancer finding, diagnostic resolution, and treatment initiation. In this study, the authors assessed the incremental cost effectiveness of adding patient navigation to standard cancer care in 3 community hospitals in the United States.METHODS:A decision‐analytic model was used to assess the cost effectiveness of a colorectal and breast cancer patient navigation program over the period of 1 year compared with standard care. Data sources included published estimates in the literature and primary costs, aggregate patient demographics, and outcome data from 3 patient navigation programs.RESULTS:After 1 year, compared with standard care alone, it was estimated that offering patient navigation with standard care would allow an additional 78 of 959 individuals with an abnormal breast cancer screening and an additional 21 of 411 individuals with abnormal colonoscopies to reach timely diagnostic resolution. Without including medical treatment costs saved, the cost‐effectiveness ratio ranged from $511 to $2080 per breast cancer diagnostic resolution achieved and from $1192 to $9708 per colorectal cancer diagnostic resolution achieved.CONCLUSIONS:The current results indicated that implementing breast or colorectal cancer patient navigation in community hospital settings in which low‐income populations are served may be a cost‐effective addition to standard cancer care in the United States. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Sensing OFDM systems with timing and frequency offset for cognitive radio networks
Authors: Chen Zhong , Yang Lan‐Juan , Zhang Yong , Zhang Xian‐Da 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARYIn this paper, we consider the detection of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with timing and frequency offset for cognitive radio over fast time‐varying multipath channels. By making different assumptions on the availability of the timing and frequency offset at the secondary user, we derive two algorithms based on likelihood ratio test and generalized likelihood ratio test, respectively and theoretically obtain the detection performances of them. The proposed algorithms jointly utilize energy of observations and correlation of the cyclic prefix (CP) data. The extensive simulations show that the two algorithms outperform the other CP‐based methods, perform well at very low signal to noise ratio (SNR) and are robust to the CP ratio. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Serum long chain n‐3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) in the pregnant mother are independent of risk of type 1 diabetes in the offspring
Authors: Sørensen I. M. , Joner G. , Jenum P. A. , Eskild A. , Stene L. C. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundThis article aims to study whether higher proportions of the long chain n‐3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the phospholipid fraction of serum samples in pregnancy were associated with a lower risk of childhood onset type 1 diabetes in the offspring.MethodsIn a prospective cohort of nearly 30 000 pregnant women who gave birth in Norway during 1992–1994, we analysed serum samples from 89 women whose child developed type 1 diabetes and was included in the nationwide Norwegian Childhood Diabetes Registry and 125 randomly selected women whose child did not develop type 1 diabetes before 15 years of age. Specific fatty acids were expressed as the proportion of total fatty acids (g/100 g) in the phospholipid fraction in serum analysed using solid phase extraction and gas chromatography with flame ionization detection.ResultsThere was no significant association between EPA or DHA in maternal serum and risk of type 1 diabetes in the offspring. Odds ratio (OR) for upper versus lower quartile of EPA was 0.75 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.34–1.65], test for trend p = 0.4, and for DHA OR = 0.71 (95% CI 0.33–1.53), test for trend p = 0.6. No significant association was found for the sum of n‐3 fatty acids, or for n‐6/n‐3 ratio in the mother with risk of type 1 diabetes in the offspring.ConclusionsOur data did not support the hypothesis that higher proportions of maternal EPA or DHA during pregnancy are associated with a lower risk of type 1 diabetes in the offspring. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The miR‐17/92 cluster is targeted by STAT5 but dispensable for mammary development
Authors: Feuermann Yonatan , Robinson Gertraud W. , Zhu Bing‐Mei , Kang Keunsoo , Raviv Noa , Yamaji Daisuke , Hennighausen Lothar 
Published: March 2012

AbstractGenome wide analysis revealed the miR‐17/92 cluster as a STAT5 target. This cluster encodes six microRNAs, which predictably target genes that play a role in mammary gland development. In this study, we have deleted the miR‐17/92 cluster in mammary stem cells and evaluated in the mouse its function during mammary gland development. Loss of the miR‐17/92 cluster did not affect mammary development from prepuberty to lactation. Our studies demonstrated that, while expression of the miR‐17/92 cluster is under control of the key mammary transcription factor STAT5, its presence is not required for normal mammary development or lactation. genesis 50:665–671, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Differences in lipid parameters among statins treated patients with coronary arteriosclerosis – a pilot study
Authors: Burchardt Paweł , Żurawski Jakub , Kubacki Tomasz , Żuchowski Bartosz , Wysocki Henryk 
Published: March 2012

AbstractLDL, total cholesterol (TC), high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) are poor predictors of the cardiovascular risk among patients undergoing hypolipidaemic therapy with statins. Thus, in this pilot study we have attempted to determine, on the basis of routinely used assessments of lipid profiles, sensitive and inexpensive parameter which would associate with the severity of coronary artery disease in patients undergoing hypolipidaemic treatment who achieved LDL goal. Apolipoprotein (apo) B100, apoA1, LDL, triglycerides, HDL, lipoprotein (a) and TC levels were assessed in 140 patients referred for coronary angiography. The various ratios based on lipid parameters were calculated and compared to patients taking statins. Coronary arteriosclerosis was determined by the degree of single stenosis and quantitatively by applying the Gensini score. Uing multivariate analysis we have found that in the group with hypolipidaemic therapy and/or with treatment LDL target (70–100 mg/dL) the TC/apoB100 ratio was associated with coronary artery stenosis. Additionally, univariate analysis showed that the TC/apoB100 ratio (among treated subjects) was significantly lower in patients with haemodynamically significant stenosis of coronary arteries than in matched patients without coronary artery lesions.