bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacogenetic testing affects choice of therapy among women considering tamoxifen treatment
Authors: Lorizio Wendy , Rugo Hope , Beattie Mary S , Tchu Simone , Melese Teri , Melisko Michelle , Wu Alan HB , Lawrence H Jeffrey , Nikoloff Michele , Ziv Elad 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Background
Pharmacogenetic testing holds major promise in allowing physicians to tailor therapy to patients based on genotype. However, there is little data on the impact of pharmacogenetic test results on patient and clinician choice of therapy. CYP2D6 testing among tamoxifen users offers a potential test case of the use of pharmacogenetic testing in the clinic. We evaluated the effect of CYP2D6 testing in clinical practice to determine whether genotype results affected choice of hormone therapy in a prospective cohort study.

Methods
Women planning to take or currently taking tamoxifen were considered eligible. Participants were enrolled in an informational session that reviewed the results of studies of CYP2D6 genotype on breast cancer recurrence. CYP2D6 genotyping was offered to participants using the AmpliChip CYP450 Test. Women were classified as either poor, intermediate, extensive or ultra-rapid metabolizers. Results were provided to clinicians without specific treatment recommendations. Follow-up was performed with a structured phone interview 3 to 6 months after testing to evaluate changes in medication.

Results
A total of 245 women were tested and 235 completed the follow-up survey. Six of 13 (46%) women classified as poor metabolizers reported changing treatment compared with 11 of 218 (5%) classified as intermediate, extensive or ultra-rapid metabolizers (P < 0.001). There was no difference in treatment choices between women classified as intermediate and extensive metabolizers. In multi-variate models that adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, educational status, method of referral into the study, prior knowledge of CYP2D6 testing, the patients' CYP2D6 genotype was the only significant factor that predicted a change in therapy (odds ratio 22.8; 95% confidence interval 5.2 to 98.8). Genetic testing did not affect use of co-medications that interact with CYP2D6.

Conclusions
CYP2D6 genotype testing led to changes in therapy among poor metabolizers, even in the absence of definitive data that an alternative medicine improved outcomes. Pharmacogenetic testing can affect choice of therapy, even in the absence of definitive data on clinical impact.
A New Composite Electrode of Li2MnSiO4 Nanoparticles Combined with Mesoporous Carbon CMK-3
Authors: Yoshitake Hideaki , Kawase Takashi 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Li2MnSiO4 is prepared by nanocasting using CMK-3 mesoporous carbon, and its electrochemical behavior is explored without removing the CMK-3 template. This preparation provides a new cathode material for large capacity Li secondary batteries, equivalent to two-Li+ charge–discharge processes.
Transdermal Nicotine Replacement Therapy Safety in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Galen Kelly , Lurk Katherine M. , Smith Andrew 
Published: October 2011

Purpose The safety and efficacy of nicotine replacement therapy in patients with stable cardiovascular disease and following an acute coronary event are reviewed. Summary Physicians have been hesitant to prescribe nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) in patients with cardiac disease due to the reported harmful cardiovascular effects of nicotine, including an increase in heart rate and blood pressure, as well as its possible contribution to the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease and sudden cardiac death. However, several studies have shown that NRT is safe following myocardial infarction and is preferred over continued cigarette smoking. One cohort study assessed the safety and efficacy of transdermal NRT in smokers admitted for acute coronary syndromes and found no difference in mortality versus patients given a placebo. Additionally, the cost of NRT should not be viewed as a barrier due to the long-term savings in preventable hospitalizations following additional cardiovascular events. Conclusion Transdermal NRT was found to be safe and effective in patients with acute myocardial infarction and with a known history of cardiovascular disease. It has also proven to be effective in smoking cessation, which eliminates the most important risk factor for an acute coronary event. NRT showed no increased frequency in mortality or other cardiac adverse events.
Beers Criteria as a Proxy for Inappropriate Prescribing of Other Medications Among Older Adults
Authors: Lund Brian C , Steinman Michael A , Chrischilles Elizabeth A , Kaboli Peter J 
Published: October 2011

Background:: The Beers criteria are a compilation of medications deemed potentially inappropriate for older adults, widely used as a prescribing quality indicator. Objective: To determine whether Beers criteria serve as a proxy measure for other forms of inappropriate prescribing, as measured by comprehensive implicit review. Methods: Data for patients 65 years and older were obtained from the Veterans Affairs Enhanced Pharmacy Outpatient Clinic (EPOC) and the Iowa Medicaid Pharmaceutical Case Management (PCM) studies. Comprehensive measurement of prescribing quality was conducted using expert clinician review of medical records according to the Medication Appropriateness Index (MAI). MAI scores attributable to non-Beers medications were contrasted between patients who did and did not receive a Beers criteria medication. Results: Beers criteria medications accounted for 12.9% (EPOC) and 14.0% (PCM) of total MAI scores. Importantly, non-Beers MAI scores were significantly higher in patients receiving a Beers criteria medication in both studies (EPOC: 15.1 vs 12.4, p = 0.02; PCM: 11.1 vs 8.7, p = 0.04), after adjusting for important confounding factors. Conclusions: Beers criteria utility extended beyond direct measurement of a limited set of inappropriate prescribing practices by serving as a clinically meaningful proxy for other inappropriate practices. Using prescribing quality indicators to guide interventions should thus identify patients for comprehensive medication review, rather than identifying specific medication targets for discontinuation. Future research should explore both the quality measurement and the intervention targeting applications of the Beers criteria, particularly when integrated with other indicators.
Differential Effects of Adiposity on Pharmacodynamics of Basal Insulins NPH, Glargine, and Detemir in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Porcellati Francesca , Lucidi Paola , Rossetti Paolo , Candeloro Paola , Marinelli Andreoli Anna , Marzotti Stefania , Cioli Patrizia , Bolli Geremia B. , Fanelli Carmine G. 
Published: October 2011

OBJECTIVE
To assess the role of adiposity on the pharmacodynamics of basal insulins NPH, detemir, and glargine in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as estimated by glucose infusion rate (GIR) and endogenous glucose production (EGP) rate in the euglycemic clamp.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We examined the variables that best predicted GIR and EGP in 32-h clamp studies after treatment with subcutaneous injection of 0.4 units/kg NPH, detemir, and glargine in 18 T2DM subjects (crossover).

RESULTS
A multiple regression analysis revealed that BMI best predicted GIR variation during the clamp. BMI was inversely correlated with GIR in all three insulin treatments, but was statistically significant in detemir treatment only. BMI correlated positively with residual suppression of EGP in detemir, but not with glargine and NPH treatments.

CONCLUSIONS
Adiposity blunts the pharmacodynamics of all basal insulins in T2DM. However, as adiposity increases, the effect of detemir is lower versus NPH and glargine.
Postpartum Metabolic Function in Women Delivering a Macrosomic Infant in the Absence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Kew Simone , Ye Chang , Sermer Mathew , Connelly Philip W. , Hanley Anthony J.G. , Zinman Bernard , Retnakaran Ravi 
Published: October 2011

OBJECTIVE
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with fetal macrosomia and maternal postpartum dysglycemia, insulin resistance, and β-cell dysfunction. Indeed, in practice, a prior pregnancy that resulted in a large-for-gestational-age (LGA) delivery is often considered presumptive evidence of GDM, whether or not it was diagnosed at the time. If this clinical assumption is correct, however, we would expect these women to exhibit postpartum metabolic dysfunction. Thus, to test this hypothesis, we assessed metabolic function during and after pregnancy in a cohort of women stratified according to the presence/absence of GDM and LGA delivery, respectively.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A total of 562 women underwent metabolic characterization, including oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), in late pregnancy and at 3 months’ postpartum. The women were stratified into three groups: those with neither GDM nor LGA delivery (nonGDM, n = 364), those without GDM but with LGA delivery (nonGDM–LGA, n = 46), and those with GDM (n = 152).

RESULTS
On logistic regression, GDM predicted postpartum glucose intolerance (OR 4.1 [95% CI 2.5–6.8]; P &lt; 0.0001), whereas nonGDM–LGA did not (P = 0.65). At 3 months’ postpartum, the mean adjusted levels of fasting glucose and area under the glucose curve on the OGTT were significantly higher in the GDM women compared with either nonGDM or nonGDM–LGA (all P &lt; 0.05), with no differences between the latter two groups. In a similar manner, mean adjusted insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index) and β-cell function (Insulin Secretion-Sensitivity Index-2) were lower in GDM women compared with either nonGDM or nonGDM–LGA (all P &lt; 0.05), again with no differences between the latter two groups.

CONCLUSIONS
Women with nonGDM–LGA do not exhibit postpartum metabolic dysfunction, arguing against the assumption of undiagnosed GDM in these patients.
Elimination of Chloramphenicol in Rainbow Trout Receiving Medicated Feed
Authors: Bilandžić Nina , Varenina Ivana , Tanković Sanin , Kolanović Božica 
Published: October 2011

Elimination of Chloramphenicol in Rainbow Trout Receiving Medicated FeedChloramphenicol muscle residue levels in rainbow trout were determined after oral administration of 84 μg kg-1d-1 of chloramphenicol for four days. Samples were taken one day before treatment and for 43 days after the treatment was over. Chloramphenicol was analysed using an in-house enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) validated against the criteria of the Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. Validation parameters confirmed that the method was appropriate for the detection of chloramphenicol at levels below the minimum required performance limit (MRPL) of 0.3 μg kg-1. The highest chloramphenicol levels were observed on the first day after the treatment had ended (144.3 μg kg-1). Elimination was significant over the first seven days; significant differences were detected between days 1 and 3 (p<0.001), 3 and 5 (p<0.001), and 5 and 7 (p<0.05). Chloramphenicol levels dropped below MRPL to 0.17 μg kg-1 on day 9 after the end of treatment. From day 11 to 43, chloramphenicol residues were detectable in a range from 0.091 μg kg-1 (highest) to 0.011 μg kg-1 (lowest). Our results indicate that trout muscle tissue could be compliant with health requirements for consumption 10 days after withdrawal from chloramphenicol treatment.
Notable Radiophysicists and Radiochemists in Croatia by 1945
Authors: Hanžek Branko , Franić Zdenko , Branica Gina 
Published: October 2011

Znameniti radiofizičari i radiokemičari u Hrvatskoj do 1945U ovome preglednom radu dan je uvid u život i rad doajena znanosti o zračenju i zaštite od zračenja u Hrvatskoj do 1945. godine. Efektivni počeci znanosti o zračenju, pa tako i zaštite od zračenja na području Hrvatske sežu čak do kraja 19. stoljeća. Fizičari i kemičari bili su među prvima mogućim žrtvama izloženosti ionizirajućem zračenju, pa su tako i bili prvi koji su upozoravali na štetne učinke radijacije na žive organizme. Pretraživanje dostupnih arhiva i poznate literature nije samo rasvijetlilo život i rad doajena znanosti o zračenju već je omogućilo sistematičan uvid u do sada nepoznate detalje važne za povijest i razvoj znanosti o zračenju, zaštite od zračenja, kao i o medicinskoj fizici. Sve to pokazuje da Hrvatska od samoga početka ne samo da slijedi najsuvremenije znanstvene spoznaje iz tih područja, već i njima aktivno pridonosi.
Comparison of numerical methods for light propagating in fibers with high steps of refractive index
Authors: Zegadło K. , Karpierz M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractFast development of complex structures like microstructural fibers, photonic nanowires or slot waveguides requires numerical tools to predict a light propagation. There are many works concerning weakly guided case, but the microstructural fibers need algorithm for a high step of the refractive index. In this paper, three approximate methods are compared. The comparison concerns a structure consisting of circular cores surrounded by cladding for different values of the refractive index steps. Application of these methods in chromatic dispersion case is also presented. It is shown that certain conditions prefer two dimensional scalar algorithms (based on approximated methods) than three dimensional ones. This allows us to implement more efficient and less complicated methods.
Kinematic Analysis of Canoe Stroke and its Changes During Different Types of Paddling Pace - Case Study
Authors: Zahálka František , Malý Tomáš , Malá Lucie , Doktor Martin , Větrovský Jan 
Published: October 2011

Kinematic Analysis of Canoe Stroke and its Changes During Different Types of Paddling Pace - Case Study
The aim of the study was to describe and evaluate movements of an elite canoeist when different paddling paces are applied. One of the tasks consisted of finding differences in time-space characteristics of selected markers in the referencing system canoeist's body - canoe. 3D kinematic analysis was used for identification and comparison of selected parameters. The study confirmed that an elite canoeist has a high level of movement similarity in all types of stroke rates; differences were mainly found in time sequence of applied strokes. To evaluate properly the racing stroke rate, start, flying start, 200m pace, 500m pace, and 1000m pace were chosen. One of the evaluated parameters was the boat velocity that was 2.1-4.5 ms-1 at start, 3.2-5.2 ms-1 at flying start, 3.9-6.1 ms-1 at 200m pace, 3.9-5.9 ms-1 at 500m pace and 3.0-5.4 ms-1 at 1000m pace. Vertical change of the position of the right hand was 0.77 m at start, 0.73 m at flying start, 0.87 at 200m pace, 0.89 at 500m pace and 0.81 m at 1000m pace.
Heart Rate Responses and Training Load During Nonspecific and Specific Aerobic Training in Adolescent Taekwondo Athletes
Authors: Haddad Monoem , Chaouachi Anis , Wong Del , Castagna Carlo , Chamari Karim 
Published: October 2011

Heart Rate Responses and Training Load During Nonspecific and Specific Aerobic Training in Adolescent Taekwondo Athletes
The efficacy of replacing generic running with Taekwondo (TKD) specific technical skills during interval training at an intensity corresponding to 90-95% of maximum heart rate (HRmax) has not yet been demonstrated. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the HR responses and perceived exertion between controlled running and high-intensity TKD technical interval training in adolescent TKD athletes. Eighteen adolescent, male TKD athletes performed short-duration interval running and TKD specific technical skills (i.e. 10-20 [10-s of exercise interspersed with 20 s of passive recovery]) in a counterbalanced design. In both training methods, HR was measured and expressed as the percentage of HR reserve (%HRres). Rating of perceived exertion (RPE, Borg's category rating-10 scale), Banister's training impulse (TRIMP) and Edwards' training load (TL) were used to quantify the internal training load. Recorded cardiovascular responses expressed in %HRres in the two training methods were not significantly different (p > 0.05). Furthermore, the two training methods induced similar training loads as calculated by Banister and Edwards' methods. Perceived exertion ranged between "hard" and "very hard" during all interval training sessions. These findings showed that performing repeated TKD specific skills increased HR to the same level, and were perceived as producing the same training intensity as did short-duration interval running in adolescent TKD athletes. Therefore, using specific TKD kicking exercises in high-intensity interval training can be applied to bring more variety during training, mixing physical and technical aspects of the sport, while reaching the same intensity as interval running.
Functional Abilities as a Predictor of Specific Motor Skills of Young Water Polo Players
Authors: Aleksandrović Marko , Radovanović Dragan , Okičić Tomislav , Madić Dejan , Georgiev Georgi 
Published: October 2011

Functional Abilities as a Predictor of Specific Motor Skills of Young Water Polo Players
The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of functional abilities on specificmotor skills. A total number of 92 male water polo players (age 12±0.5 years, body height 156.96±22.3 cm, body weight 51.02±33.18 kg) with at least two years' experience, were enrolled in the study. The investigation protocol consisted of standardized anthropometric measurements, estimation of maximum oxygen uptake, determination of the lung function values, specific swim tests and swim tests with a ball. The factor analysis was used for the estimation of the structure of specific motor skills. The influence of functional abilities on specific motor skills was estimated by regression analysis. Out of 15 correlations in total between the variables of space of functional abilities of water polo players, 6 were significant at the level of 95% (between the variables of aerobic power and lung function) and all of the correlations (15) between the variables of specific motor skills in water polo players were significant at the 99% level. Only one principal component, the General factor of specific motor skills in water polo (GFSWP) was obtained by way of factorization of the tests of specific motor skills, so the GFSWP represents the latent space of specific motor skills as a criterion. The regression analysis showed that functional abilities (as group predictors) (p= 0.00) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (as a separate variable) have a significant influence on GFSWP (the criterion). The results of the study pointed out the impact of functional abilities on specific motor skills of selected young water polo players. This may be important for the selection and effective coaching in the early period of training and can affect the development of more appropriate and specific training programmes for optimal physical fitness preparation in young water polo players.
Energy Expenditure Combining Strength and Aerobic Training
Authors: Vilaça José , Bottaro Martim , Santos Catarina 
Published: October 2011

Energy Expenditure Combining Strength and Aerobic Training
The combination of Strength Training (ST) with Aerobic Training (AT) exercises in the same training session, which commonly appears in literature as the concurrent training, is widely used in fitness and physical condition programs, especially when the aim is to increase the energy expenditure during and after training session. The aim of this study was to identify, through literature, whether the combination of exercises of the ST with exercises of the AT allows changes in body composition and energy expenditure during and after the training session. Chronic studies have showed a positive effect on body composition (decreased in relative body fat) when the ST are combined with AT. Similarly, the acute effects of the order of combining these two types of exercise does not seem to affect energy expenditure, measured by oxygen consumption (VO2), during the training session and only change this expenditure in the first 15 minutes after the training session. In conclusion, we can say that the studies indicate that the combination of exercises of the ST with exercises of the AT has a positive effect on changes in body composition, and energy expenditure during and after training sessions.
Neuromuscular Compression Garments: Effects on Neuromuscular Strength and Recovery
Authors: Bottaro Martim , Martorelli Saulo , Vilaça José 
Published: October 2011

Neuromuscular Compression Garments: Effects on Neuromuscular Strength and Recovery
Graduated compression stockings have been used as a mechanical method of deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis for several years. Several studies have demonstrated an increase in mean deep venous velocity, reduced venous pooling, improved venous return, and increase blood lactate clearance in subjects who wore graduated compression stockings during exercise. A possible improvement in venous return during and after exercise may facilitate the clearance of metabolites produced during exercise. Also, studies have suggested that compressive clothing can promote tissue regeneration and consequently positively benefit the muscle function following strenuous exercise. However, the results from the previous studies are controversial. Also, the majority of the studies investigated the effects of compression stockings and there is a lack of studies using different compression garments such as compression shorts, shirts and sleeves. Thus, the purpose of this text is to briefly review the possible effects of compression garments on exercise performance and muscle recovery.
Associations Between Rate of Force Development Metrics and Throwing Velocity in Elite Team Handball Players: a Short Research Report
Authors: Marques Mário , Saavedra Francisco , Abrantes Catarina , Aidar Felipe 
Published: October 2011

Associations Between Rate of Force Development Metrics and Throwing Velocity in Elite Team Handball Players: a Short Research Report
Performance assessment has become an invaluable component of monitoring participant's development in distinct sports, yet limited and contradictory data are available in trained subjects. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between ball throwing velocity during a 3-step running throw in elite team handball players and selected measures of rate of force development like force, power, velocity, and bar displacement during a concentric only bench press exercise in elite male handball players. Fitteen elite senior male team handball players volunteered to participate. Each volunteer had power and bar velocity measured during a concentric only bench press test with 25, 35, and 45 kg as well as having one-repetition maximum strength determined. Ball throwing velocity was evaluated with a standard 3-step running throw using a radar gun. The results of this study indicated significant associations between ball velocity and time at maximum rate of force development (0, 66; p<0.05) and rate of force development at peak force (0, 56; p<0.05) only with 25kg load. The current research indicated that ball velocity was only median associated with maximum rate of force development with light loads. A training regimen designed to improve ball-throwing velocity in elite male team handball players should emphasize bench press movement using light loads.