bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real‐time measurement of oxyhemoglobin concentration changes in the frontal micturition area: An fNIRS study
Authors: Sakakibara Ryuji , Tsunoyama Kuniko , Takahashi Osamu , Sugiyama Megumi , Kishi Masahiko , Ogawa Emina , Uchiyama Tomoyuki , Yamamoto Tatsuya , Yamanishi Tomonori , Awa Yusuke , Yamaguchi Chiharu 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo explore brain activity in the frontal micturition area during natural bladder behavior.MethodsFive control subjects (one man and four women; mean age 61 years [38–70]) and four subjects with detrusor overactivity (all men; mean age 55 years [33–65]) were enrolled in the study. We performed real‐time measurements of oxyhemoglobin concentration (oxy‐Hb) changes in the frontal micturition area using functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in response to quasi‐natural, continuous bladder filling, and voiding in a sitting position.ResultsIn the control group the following results were obtained: (1) a slight increase of oxy‐Hb before first sensation occurred, (2) there was a continuous increase of oxy‐Hb during bladder filling to the point just after voiding began, (3) there was a continuous decrease of oxy‐Hb after voiding, (4) in subjects who were unable to urinate, oxy‐Hb also decreased after attempting to void, and (5) the area activated was the bilateral lateral prefrontal area, particularly Brodmann's areas 8, 10, and 46. In the detrusor overactivity group, (6) an increase of oxy‐Hb before first sensation was rare and frontal cortical activation was weak, (7) at the moment detrusor overactivity appeared, fNIRS brain activity in the frontal cortex did not change significantly; and otherwise the results were almost the same as those in the control group.ConclusionsThis study shows that the frontal micturition area is activated during natural bladder filling and voiding using fNIRS. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29:757–764, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stimulated smooth muscle neosphincter in male intrinsic sphincter deficiency: Proof of principle studies in a rabbit model
Authors: Furness John B. , Shafton Anthony D. , Hirst G. David S. , O'Connell Helen E. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAimsIntrinsic sphincter deficiency (ISD) causes significant disability and impairment of quality of life despite a range of treatment options. We investigated a novel method to improve sphincter function that does not appear to have been previously attempted, that is, transplantation to create a smooth muscle cuff, that subsequently becomes innervated, around the urethra.MethodsBladder pressure and passage of urine were measured in conscious, sedated rabbits of three groups: 6 control (unoperated) rabbits, 8 rabbits rendered incontinent by incision of their urethral wall, and 12 lesioned rabbits treated by transplantation of a circumferential strip of autologous dartos muscle whose innervation was later stimulated electrically. Effects of stimulation were tested up to 6 months after surgery.ResultsLesions of the proximal urethra caused the bladder to leak at filling volumes that previously caused no leak. The volume added to cause first leak was less than half the volume added to cause a voiding reflex in unoperated rabbits. Transplantation of dartos to the lesioned bladder neck did not affect urodynamic parameters. However, electrical stimulation of the innervation of the transplant increased the bladder volume necessary to cause voiding and restored voiding pressures and filling volumes towards normal. These effects were maintained for 6 months and were not related to spontaneous healing.ConclusionsFree transplants of smooth muscle that become innervated offer promise as a treatment for ISD that is unlikely to cause urethral erosion and will not require a pump to restore continence. Neurourol. Urodynam. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Avoid cruising on the uroflowmeter: Evaluation of cruising artifact on spinning disc flowmeters in an experimental setup
Authors: Addla Sanjai Kumar , Marri Rajender Reddy , Daayana Sai Lakshmi , Irwin Paul 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAimsThe aim of our study was to access the variability of maximum flow rate (Qmax), average flow rate (Qav) and flow pattern while varying the point of impact of flow on the flowmeter.MethodsWater was delivered through a motorised tube holder in a standardised experimental set up. Flow was directed in 4 different directions on the funnel; 1) Periphery, 2) Base, 3) Centre and, 4) in a cruising motion from the periphery of the funnel to the centre and back again. The variation in the Qmax, Qav and the flow pattern were studied at 4 different flow rates. The variables recorded when the flow was directed at the centre of the funnel was taken as baseline.ResultsThere was a significant difference in the Qmax and Qavwhen the point of impact was at the periphery or in a cruising motion compared to the centre. The difference was more marked with cruising motion with a characteristic flow pattern. The maximum percentage difference in Qav was 4.1%, whereas the difference in Qmax was higher at 16.6% on comparing crusing motion with the values from the centre.ConclusionWe have demonstrated a significant variation in Qmax, Qav and flow pattern with change in the point of impact on the flowmeter. Though the changes in Qav were statistically significant, the alteration in the recorded Qmax values was more striking. Our study emphasizes the importance of combining Qav and flow pattern along with Qmax in interpretation of results of uroflowmetry. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29:1301–1305, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impact of delivery mode on electromyographic activity of pelvic floor: Comparative prospective study
Authors: Botelho Simone , Riccetto Cássio , Herrmann Viviane , Pereira Larissa Carvalho , Amorim César , Palma Paulo 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAimsSeveral studies evidenced the association between pregnancy, mode of delivery and genitourinary symptoms. However, there are still controversies about the role of mode of delivery in the prevention or aggravation of these symptoms. This study aimed to compare the impact of three distinct modes of delivery on pelvic floor muscle contractility.MethodsSeventy‐five primiparous women were divided into three groups: (1) vaginal delivery with mediolateral episiotomy (n = 28); (2) elective cesarean section (n = 26); (3) emergency cesarean section (n = 21). All patients underwent vaginal digital examination, grading the muscle contractility from 0 to 5 and surface electromyography (EMG) of the pelvic floor during the last trimester of pregnancy and 45 days after delivery.ResultsThere was a significant increase in pelvic floor contractility in the elective cesarean section group, from 2.35 to 2.92 (P = 0.03), when compared to the vaginal delivery and emergency cesarean section groups. Analysis of electromyography data showed a significant reduction in maximum contraction of the pelvic floor after vaginal delivery, from 39.17 to 31.14 µV (P = 0.001), which was not observed in both cesarean section groups.ConclusionVaginal delivery was associated with a decrease in pelvic floor muscle strength and endurance 45 days after delivery when compared to elective cesarean section as well as emergency cesarean section. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29:1258–1261, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impact of convenience void in a bladder diary with urinary perception grade to assess overactive bladder symptoms: A community‐based study
Authors: Honjo Hisashi , Kawauchi Akihiro , Nakao Masahiro , Ukimura Osamu , Kitakoji Hiroshi , Miki Tsuneharu 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAimBladder diaries including bladder perception grade were analyzed to assess convenience void (CV) in community‐dwelling women 40 years of age or older.MethodsA total of 310 women completed a 3‐day bladder diary with a grade for bladder perception. The grade was defined on scores 0–5 as follows: 0 = No bladder sensation, 1 = Sensation of bladder filling without desire to void, 2 = Desire to void, 3 = Strong desire to void, 4 = Urgency without urge urinary incontinence (UUI), and 5 = Urge incontinence episode. CV was defined as void without desire to void: when the grade was 0, CV in a narrow sense, and when 0 or 1, CV in a broad sense.ResultsThe incidence of CV in the broad sense significantly decreased with age. Of the 310 women, 48 (15.5%) had overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms on the medical interview, including 37 (11.9%) without UUI (OAB‐Dry) and 11 (3.5%) with UUI (OAB‐Wet). Of the remaining 262 women, 111 (35.8%), who had urgency but a urinary frequency of 7 or less, and another 141 (48.7%) were classified into the Normal with Urgency and Normal without Urgency groups, respectively. The incidence of CV in a broad sense in the Normal without Urgency group was significantly greater than that in the Normal with Urgency and OAB‐Wet groups. The mean voided volumes of CV in the broad sense in the OAB‐Wet group were significantly smaller than those in the other three groups.ConclusionsThe evaluation of CV may be a new tool in assessing storage condition and voiding dysfunction. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29:1286–1289, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
How should bladder wall thickness be measured? A comparison of vaginal, perineal and abdominal ultrasound
Authors: Kuhn Annette , Bank Sybille , Robinson Dudley , Klimek Miriam , Kuhn Peter , Raio Luigi 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIntroductionMeasurement of bladder wall thickness using transvaginal ultrasound has previously been shown to discriminate between women with diagnosed detrusor overactivity and those with urodynamic stress incontinence. So far, no comparison has been made between abdominal, perineal and vaginal route for the measurement of bladder wall thickness. The aim of this prospective study was to determine if abdominal, perineal and vaginal ultrasound measurements of bladder wall thickness are comparable with each other.Methods125 patients with lower urinary tract symptoms were asked to participate in the study. All patients had measurements at the trigone, the bladder dome and the anterior bladder wall. The order of either the abdominal, perineal or vaginal approach was computer‐assisted randomly assigned. Ultrasound was performed using the Aloka SSD‐1400 (Aloka® Co Ltd, Japan) with the vaginal 5 Mhz probe UST‐984‐5 and the abdominal and perineal probe was a 3.5Mhz curved array for SSd‐1400. Ultrasound examination was made with the patient in supine position with a residual of less than 50ml.ResultsMeans of bladder wall thickness are significantly different (p<0.05). Vaginal measurement of bladder wall thickness showed the smallest values for bladder wall thickness, abdominal the largest. At the trigone, differences were significant between vaginal and perineal ultrasound but not between abdominal and perineal approach.ConclusionBladder wall thickness measurements do differ depending on the vaginal, perineal or abdominal approach. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29:1393–1396, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Patient satisfaction with stress incontinence surgery
Authors: Burgio Kathryn L. , Brubaker Linda , Richter Holly E. , Wai Clifford Y. , Litman Heather J. , France Diane Borello , Menefee Shawn A. , Sirls Larry T. , Kraus Stephen R. , Johnson Harry W. , Tennstedt Sharon L. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAimsTo identify predictors and correlates of patient satisfaction 24 months after Burch colpopexy or autologous fascial sling for treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI).MethodsParticipants were the 655 randomized subjects in the Stress Incontinence Surgical Treatment Efficacy Trial (SISTEr). Variables potentially associated with satisfaction were tested in bivariate analysis, including demographics, baseline clinical characteristics of incontinence, and outcomes on validated subjective and objective measures. Satisfaction with treatment was defined as a response of “completely satisfied” or “mostly satisfied” on the Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ) at 24 months. Variables significantly related to satisfaction were entered into multivariable regression models to test their independent association with satisfaction.ResultsAt 24 months post‐surgery, 480 (73%) participants completed the PSQ. Mean (±SD) age of the sample was 52 (±10) years and 77% were white. Most (82%) were completely or mostly satisfied with their surgery related to urine leakage. In the final multivariable model, patient satisfaction was associated with greater reduction in SUI symptoms (from baseline to 24 months; OR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.24) and greater reductions in symptom distress (OR = 1.16; CI: 1.08, 1.24). Lower odds of satisfaction were associated with greater urge incontinence symptoms at baseline (OR = 0.09, CI: 0.04, 0.22), detrusor overactivity at 24 months (OR = 0.29, CI: 0.12, 0.69), and a positive stress test at 24 months (OR = 0.45, CI: 0.22, 0.91).ConclusionsStress incontinent women who also have urge incontinence symptoms may benefit from additional preoperative counseling to set realistic expectations about potential surgical outcomes or proactive treatment of urge incontinence symptoms to minimize their post‐operative impact. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29:1403–1409, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Micafungin: A brief review of pharmacology, safety, and antifungal efficacy in pediatric patients
Authors: Lehrnbecher Thomas , Groll Andreas H. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractInvasive fungal infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children with hematological malignancies and those undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem‐cell transplantation (HSCT). Although several new antifungal compounds recently became available, some are not yet approved for the use in the pediatric population. Among the new class of echinocandins, micafungin has been licensed in Europe and Japan for children including neonates. Because micafungin is well tolerated and exhibits few clinical relevant drug–drug interactions, the compound is of particular interest for prophylaxis and treatment of invasive mycoses in pediatric patients with cancer or following allogeneic HSCT. This review will focus on the currently available pediatric data of micafungin with emphasis on pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:229–232. © 2010 Wiley–Liss, Inc.
Prevalence of anaemia and the contribution of functional iron deficiency in diabetes related chronic kidney disease
Authors: Rathi MS , Woodrow G , Mansfield MW 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAnaemia is often an unrecognised complication of diabetes that has an adverse effect on the progression of diabetes related complications. Anaemia predicts mortality in diabetes related chronic kidney disease (CKD). Contributors to its development include absolute and/or functional iron deficiency and erythropoietin insufficiency. This study aimed to look at the prevalence of anaemia and markers of iron deficiency in patients with diabetes related CKD.An analysis was done of the results from all patients (225 men, 93 women; mean age 70 years) attending joint diabetes–renal clinics over a 12‐month period. Haemoglobin (Hb) was measured in 88%. The mean Hb was 12.6g/dl in men and 11.7g/dl in women. A total of 21.5% (11.5% men, 10% women) had Hb <11g/dl who should have anaemia management as per National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence guidelines. Among the anaemic population, CKD stage 3 was present in 25% of men and in 8% of women, with CKD stage 4 present in 20% of men and in 32% of women. Fifty‐three percent had absolute iron deficiency (serum ferritin <100μg/L) and 41% had inadequate iron stores (serum ferritin between 100 and 500μg/L). Functional iron deficiency defined by serum ferritin >100μg/L and red cell hypochromasia ≥6% was noted in 21.6% of anaemic patients.Anaemia is a frequent finding in patients with diabetes related CKD. A significant proportion of patients had functional iron deficiency that required iron therapy for optimisation of their iron stores before starting erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents. Measurement of red cell hypochromasia is a valuable tool to detect this group of patients. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons.
Non‐attendance at a diabetes transitional clinic and glycaemic control
Authors: Masding MG , Klejdys S , MacHugh B , Gale S , Brown A , McAulay A 
Published: April 2010

AbstractYoung patients with diabetes are particularly vulnerable to long‐term complications, and require a carefully planned transition to adult diabetes care. As clinic non‐attendance has been identified as an issue for transitional clinics, we audited our well established clinic to look at non‐attendance rates, and to examine the characteristics of those who miss transitional clinic appointments.We conducted a retrospective analysis of audit data from the diabetes transitional clinic in January to December 2004, and September 2007 to September 2008.The results showed that 40/53 patients missed at least one appointment in 2004, compared to 19/61 in 2007–8 (p<0.0001). There was no reduction in HbA1c in this group (2004: median HbA1c 9.4% [range 6.8–13.2%]; 2007–8: median HbA1c 9.7% [range 5.7–14.0%[). In 2007–8, the non‐attender group had higher HbA1c (full attenders: median [range] HbA1c 8.9% [5.7–12.7%]; those who missed at least one appointment: HbA1c 10.3% [7.7–14.0%]; p<0.001), and were older (non‐attenders mean [SD] 18.0 [1.10] years, full attenders 17.3 [1.17] years). Sex and type of diabetes did not affect ‘did not attend’ rates.Those who miss diabetes transitional clinic appointments have poorer glycaemic control, although non‐attendance is complex and may be due to a variety of reasons. New strategies to help young people deal with their diabetes are needed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons.
Toward block copolymers from nonliving isospecific single‐site catalytic systems
Authors: Galimberti Maurizio , Piemontesi Fabrizio , Alagia Laura , Losio Simona , Boragno Luca , Stagnaro Paola , Sacchi Maria Carmela 
Published: April 2010

AbstractEthene/1‐olefin blocky copolymers were obtained through nonliving insertion copolymerizations promoted by an isospecific single site catalyst. Propene or 4‐methyl‐1‐pentene were copolymerized with ethene with metallocenes endowed with different stereospecificity in propene polymerization: (i) aspecific “constrained geometry” half‐sandwich complex, {η1:η5‐([tert‐butyl‐amido)dimethylsilyl](2,3,4,5‐tetramethyl‐1‐cyclopentadienyl)}titanium dichloride [Me2Si(Me4Cp)(N‐tBu)TiCl2] (CG), (ii) moderately isospecific rac‐ethylenebis(indenyl)zirconium dichloride [rac‐(EBI)ZrCl2] (EBI), (iii) slightly more isospecific hydrogenated homologue, rac‐ethylenebis(tetrahydroindenyl)zirconium dichloride [rac‐(EBTHI)ZrCl2] (EBTHI), (iv) highly iso‐specific rac‐[methylenebis(3‐tert‐butyl‐1‐indenyl)]zirconium dichloride [rac‐H2C‐(3‐tBuInd)2ZrCl2] (TBI), (v) most isospecific rac‐[isopropylidene‐bis(3‐tert‐butyl‐cyclopentadienyl)]zirconium dichloride [rac‐Me2C‐(3‐tBuCp)2ZrCl2] (TBC). Copolymerizations were described by a 2nd order Markovian copolymerization model and data are proposed to correlate the formation of 1‐olefin sequences with catalytic site isospecificity, made by the cooperation of organometallic complex and growing chain. Blocky copolymers were prepared over wide ranges of compositions: with any of the isospecific metallocenes when 4‐methyl‐1‐pentene was the 1‐olefin and only with the highly isospecific ones (TBI, TBC) when propene was the comonomer. A penultimate unit effect was observed with TBI as the metallocene, whereas a 1st order Markov model described the ethene/propene copolymerization from TBC. A moderately isospecific metallocene, such as EBI, is shown to be able to prepare blocky ethene copolymers with 4‐methyl‐1‐pentene. These results pave the way for the synthesis of new ethene based materials. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 2063–2075, 2010
Surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization from porous poly(tetrafluoroethylene) membranes using the CF groups as initiators
Authors: Liu Ying‐Ling , Han Chun‐Chieh , Wei Ta‐Chin , Chang Yung 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis work reports the surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) from hydrogen plasma‐treated porous poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) membranes using the CF groups as initiators. Hydrogen plasma treatment on PTFE membrane surfaces changes their chemical environment through defluorination and hydrogenation reactions. With the hydrogen plasma treatment, the CF groups of the modified PTFE membrane surface become effective initiators of ATRP. Surface‐initiated ATRP of poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (PEGMA) is carried out to graft PPEGMA chains to PTFE membrane surfaces. The chain lengths of poly(PEGMA) (PPEGMA) grafted on PTFE surfaces increase with increasing the reaction time of ATRP. Furthermore, the chain ends of PPEGMA grown on PTFE membrane surfaces then serve as macroinitiators for the ATRP of N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) to build up the PPEGMA‐b‐PNIPAAm block copolymer chains on the PTFE membrane surfaces. The chemical structures of the modified PTFE membranes are characterized using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The modification increases the surface hydrophilicity of the PTFE membranes with reductions in their water‐contact angles from 120° to 60°. The modified PTFE membranes also show temperature‐responsive properties and protein repulsion features owing to the presence of PNIPAAM and PPEGMA chains. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 2076–2083, 2010
Poly(ethylene glycol)‐thioxanthone prepared by Diels–Alder click chemistry as one‐component polymeric photoinitiator for aqueous free‐radical polymerization
Authors: Akat Hakan , Gacal Burcin , Balta Demet Karaca , Arsu Nergis , Yagci Yusuf 
Published: April 2010

AbstractNovel water‐borne macrophotoinitiator containing thioxanthone (TX) end group was successfully synthesized by using Diels–Alder (DA) [4 + 2] click chemistry strategy. For this purpose, thioxanthone‐anthracene (TX‐A) and maleimide end‐functionalized poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG‐MI) were reacted in toluene at reflux temperature for 48 h. The final polymer (PEG‐TX) and the intermediates were characterized in detail by spectral analysis. PEG‐TX possesses absorption characteristics similar to the parent TX. The one‐component photoinitiating nature of the photointiator was demonstrated by photopolymeization of several hydrophilic vinyl monomers, such as acrylic acid, acrylamide, 2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate, and 1‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 2109–2114, 2010
Synthesis and characterization of fluorine‐containing polybenzimidazole for proton conducting membranes in fuel cells
Authors: Pu Hongting , Wang Lin , Pan Haiyan , Wan Decheng 
Published: April 2010

AbstractTwo new kinds of fluorine‐containing polybenzimidazoles (PBI), poly(2,2′‐(tetrafluoro‐p‐phenylene)‐5,5′‐bibenzimidazole) and poly(2,2′‐tetradecafluoroheptylene‐5,5′‐bibenzimidazole), were synthesized by condensation polymerization of 3,3′‐diaminobenzidine and perfluoroterephthalic acid (or perfluoroazelaic acid), with polyphosphoric acid as solvent. Thermogravimetric analysis results show that the fluorine‐containing polymers synthesized exhibit promising thermal stability. The film‐forming properties of the fluorine‐containing polymers are improved over nonfluorinated PBI. The introduction of fluorine into the backbone of the polymers has significant positive affection on their chemical oxidation stability demonstrated by Fenton test. Compared with poly(2,2′‐(m‐phenylene)‐5,5′‐bibenzimidazole)/phosphoric acid (PA) composite membrane, the resulting fluorinated membranes with a same PA doping level exhibit better flexibility and higher proton conductivity. The maximum proton conductivity gained is 3.05 × 10−2 S/cm at 150 °C with a PA doping level of 7. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 2115–2122, 2010