bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Energy Density Radiative Transfer in the Diffusion Regime with Fourier Neural Operators
Authors: Farmer Joseph , Smith Ethan , Bennett William , McClarren Ryan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Radiative heat transfer is a fundamental process in high energy density physics and inertial fusion. Accurately predicting the behavior of Marshak waves across a wide range of material properties and drive conditions is crucial for design and analysis of these systems. Conventional numerical solvers and analytical approximations often face challenges in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency. In this work, we propose a novel approach to model Marshak waves using Fourier Neural Operators (FNO). We develop two FNO-based models: (1) a base model that learns the mapping between the drive condition and material properties to a solution approximation based on the widely used analytic model by Hammer \& Rosen (2003), and (2) a model that corrects the inaccuracies of the analytic approximation by learning the mapping to a more accurate numerical solution. Our results demonstrate the strong generalization capabilities of the FNOs and show significant improvements in prediction accuracy compared to the base analytic model.
Adopting a Framework for Rapid Real-World Data Analyses in Safety Signal Assessment
Authors: Wang Lu , Golchin Negar , von Klot Stephanie , Salinas Claudia A , Manlik Katrin , Patadia Vaishali , Miller Mary K , Asubonteng Julius , McDermott Rachel , Barberio Julie , Gipson Geoffrey 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The expanding availability of real-world data (RWD) has led to an increase in both the interest and possibilities for using this information in postmarketing safety analyses and signal management. While there is enormous potential value from the safety insights generated through RWD, the analysis preparation, execution, and communication required to reliably deliver the evidence can be time consuming. Since the safety signal assessment process is a regulated and timebound process, any supporting RWD analyses require a rapid turnaround of well-designed and informative results. To address this challenge, a TransCelerate BioPharma working group was formed and developed a framework to help teams responsible for safety signal assessment overcome the challenges of working with RWD rapidly to deliver analyses within regulatory timelines. Here, a previously performed safety assessment was evaluated within the context of the developed framework to illustrate how the framework may be adopted in practice.
Synthesis, characterization, and biological activity using computational study of synthesized monocyclic β-lactam ligands
Authors: Shweta Shweta , Muhammad Shabbir , Mishra Mahesh Kumar , Chaudhry Aijaz Rasool , Ahmad Khursheed 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The synthesis of monocyclic β-lactam ligands, their spectral as well as the X-ray crystallographic analysis, computational study, and biological activity are all covered in this article. The characterization of all these ligands is completed through FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and X-ray crystallography study. We applied computational study to analyze the biological activity of all the designed monocyclic β-lactam ligands (4a, 4b, 4c and 4d) against cancer. For this purpose, ligand-protein interactions are studied by molecular docking and quantum chemical computations. The frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) results show a clear intramolecular charge transfer from central core (azetidine) towards thiadiazole ring more like donor and acceptor groups. Molecular electrostatic potentials (MEPs) are visualized to get insights to electrophilic and nucleophilic regions of studied compounds with the help of specific color codes. We calculated and compared bond lengths, bond and torsional angles for optimized geometry of 4a using M06-2X functional and 6-31G* basis sets. The matrix metalloproteases (MMP-9) protein which actively causes proliferation of cancer cells. Molecular docking results indicate that ligands 4a, 4b, 4c and 4d show the maximum binding energies (B.E) of -9.0, -9.4, -7.8 and 9.0 kcal.mol− 1 with MMP-9 protein. The studied 2-D and 3-D interactions show that compound 4b and 4d interact more vigorously with MMP-9 protein through three hydrogen bonds in each complex. For compound 4a, density of states (DOS) plot is calculated by dividing the molecule into three fragments. DOS results provide the major contributions of fragments containing thiadiazole ring towards HOMO and LUMO at ~ -13 eV to 5 eV, respectively. The current investigation highlights the importance of the entitle compounds as efficient bioactive candidates against cancer as investigated through experimental and quantum computational techniques.
Phosphorus uptake and PSR gene expression in eucalypts plants under split root system
Authors: FerreiraTorres Luana , de Andrade Sara Adrián López , Mazzafera Paulo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Phosphorus (P) often limits plant growth and development because its availability in most soils is low, mainly in tropical soils. Various phosphate transporters and regulatory elements, including transcription factors, are involved in the uptake and transport of P from the soil into root cells and to other plant organs. The split-root technique was applied to three eucalypt species to understand better the mechanisms of the root-leaf signaling and remobilization response to P supply. Two-month-old seedlings of Eucalypts grandis, E. globulus, and E. tereticornis were used, with each half of the split root system placed in pots. The P treatments were: +P/+P, +P/-P, and-P/-P (+P = P supplementation and –P = P depleted). P was supplied as 440 μM nutrient solution. Eucalypts plants were grown for six weeks and RT-qPCR evaluated the expression of genes related to P uptake, transport, and utilization in roots and leaves. P supply on one side of the root seemed to compensate for the lack of P on the other side in the +P/-P treatment, so the plant did not show P stress responses, and root-to-root signaling and remobilization in this treatment differed depending on the species. The genes analyzed were mostly induced when plants were under P deprivation, and the expression response was species-dependent. Therefore, this indicates that different mechanisms may be involved in plant response to low P and that signaling control may also be linked to the adaptation of eucalypts species to low soil P.
Culturally-shaped Mindsets of Authoritarian Leadership: Power Motivation and Effectiveness Belief Promoted by Power Distance
Authors: Jiang Xinhui , Wang Maolin , Ma Chao , Chen Nannan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

An intriguing paradox in organizational management is that authoritarian leadership continues to prevail, particularly in high power distance contexts, despite recurring adverse research outcomes. To explore this puzzle, this study integrated cultural and active leader-choice perspectives and proposed a comprehensive framework to illustrate how power distance shapes leaders’ social cognition and motivation toward authoritarian leadership, causing variations in its distribution within and between cultures. Two studies were conducted in China and the US. The results demonstrated that leaders’ power distance boosts their belief in the effectiveness of discipline-focused authoritarian leadership and need for power, resulting in the manifestation of discipline- or dominance-focused authoritarian leadership, respectively. In addition, Chinese leaders exhibited higher power distance scores and stronger beliefs in the effectiveness of authoritarian leadership than US leaders. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Strengthening Plant Health Systems in South Sudan: Addressing Challenges and Enhancing System Efficiency and Sustainability
Authors: Makale Fernadis , Ayuya Oscar Ingasia , Gama Peter B. S , Otieno Arnold Jong , Okeny Johnny , Mugambi Idah , Alworah Getrude Okutoyi , Jumason Abdul Hakim , Rware Harrison , Aman Catherine , Mbaka Zachary Simba , Ochilo Willis Ndeda 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Climate change-induced invasive pests remain a major bottleneck to agricultural productivity and food security in South Sudan. Strengthening the plant health system has the potential to contribute to reducing crop losses caused by pests. A situational analysis was conducted to assess the current state and effectiveness of plant health functions in three counties in South Sudan. Descriptive findings of data collected from 960 farmers in Juba, Yambio, and Yei indicated low access to plant health services, including advisory and extension, training, and information. There was a high dependence on NGOs and UN agencies to provide plant health services, indicating a gap in government-led initiatives. Multivariate probit regression analysis revealed mixed effects of farmer advisory, agricultural training, and plant health information on crop rotation, crop diversification, row planting, chemical pesticides, early planting, and certified seed. This demonstrates a complex relationship between plant health services and on-farm practices. Socioeconomic variables also had varying effects on crop management practices, suggesting inequitable access to plant health services and resources. These findings have crucial implications for the plant health system in South Sudan, requiring the need for service accessibility, government involvement in plant health systems, strengthening of the policy and regulatory frameworks, and inclusivity in service provision.
Discrimination of Protein-Protein and Protein-Peptide Interactions using Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Kumar A. Kiran , Rathore R. S. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Protein-protein interactions (PPI) play important roles in almost all cellular processes. PPI also includes protein-peptide interactions (PPepI), which, by an estimate, account for 15–40% of all such interactions. Even though protein-protein and protein-peptide recognition mechanisms sound similar, seemingly subtle differences exist among them. Knowledge of such differences is essential for biologics design when augmentation or disruption of protein-protein interactions is substituted with peptide-based mimics. Peptide-based leads have multiple advantages, including longer shelf life, feasibility of oral delivery, flexibility of optimisation, screening, and versatility of mimetics synthesis. To characterise differences between protein-protein and protein-peptide interactions, we have used machine learning approaches to classify these interactions. We compiled three datasets, comprising protein-protein, protein-peptide, and non-interacting protein complexes, each of which has 212 high-quality crystal structures. We calculated 583 sequence and physicochemical properties based on the on the features of one protein partner in all three datasets. With the correlation-based feature selection attribute evaluator and the best first search method, 56 features were chosen for classification. We performed different supervised machine learning algorithms with a 10-fold cross-validation method for unbiased classification of PPI and PPepI datasets. The Bayesian network method yielded the highest accuracy of 80.53%. Further, to achieve the highest accuracy and identify relevant features that can be employed for peptide-based biologic design applications, we calculated 73 PPI-specific molecular descriptors and applied ML methods. Application of the simple logistic method resulted in the highest accuracy of 92.21% (recall 0.925, precision 0.920, ROC 0.978, and PRC 0.981). The present attempt to discriminate between the between the recognition mechanisms of protein-protein and protein-peptide in cellular processes should aid in the design of peptide-based biologics.
2.5-fold expansion of the genetic diversity of blunerviruses through plant (meta)transcriptome data-mining
Authors: Reddy T. Sudharshan , Sidharthan V. Kavi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Kitaviruses are plant-infecting, non-systemic disease-causing viruses with multipartite single-stranded RNA genomes. Despite their importance, knowledge on kitaviruses is limited in comparison with other plant virus groups, mainly because of the lesser number of identified and characterized kitaviruses and their isolates. In the present study, we explored plant (meta)transcriptome data available in public domain and identified genome sequences of fifteen putative novel blunerviruses in fifteen plant species, including three gymnospermic and three monocot species. Four RNA segments (RNAs 1–4) of ten identified viruses were recovered, whilst atleast two RNA segments were recovered for the remaining viruses. Monocistronic RNA1 of identified viruses encodes methyltransferase (MET)-helicase (HEL) polyprotein, except RNA1 of Nanmu blunervirus 1 that encodes a relatively larger MET-HEL-RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) polyprotein. Monocistronic RNAs 2 and 4, respectively of identified viruses, encode HEL-RdRp polyprotein and movement protein (MP). Three to four open reading frames (ORFs) were determined in RNA3 of identified viruses, of which the relatively conserved ORF3, always encodes the negevirus membrane protein (SP24) homolog. Phylogenetic analysis grouped the identified viruses with known blunerviruses. Based on genome organization, sequence identities of encoded proteins with known blunerviruses and phylogeny, the identified viruses are regarded as new members of the genus Blunervirus. The study paves way for initiating further studies on understanding the biological properties, economic importance and geographical distribution of identified blunerviruses.
Study of the response of myocardial infarction disease to thrombolytic therapy and its relationship to risk factors (diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia)
Authors: Nabulsi Ahmad , Akasha Ahmad , nayef Abd al qader al 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective
The research aims to study demographic and clinical factors associated with response to thrombolytic therapy in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.
Place of study:
Damascus Hospital
Study dates:
between 9/1/2018 and 9/1/2023.
Type of study:
Descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective study
Patients:
The study included 223 patients with ST- segment elevation myocardial infarction who received thrombolytic therapy (mean age 57.6 years, male 77.1%).
Results
As a result, there was a complete response in 53.4%, and a partial response in 29.1%. Non-response rate of 17.5%. Failure of thrombolytic therapy was associated with increasing age (p < 0.001), hypertension (p: 0.004), diabetes (p < 0.001), increased duration from onset of chest pain to receiving thrombolytic therapy (p < 0.001), and higher High blood glucose (p < 0.001), high LDL cholesterol (p: 0.022), duration of diabetes (p < 0.001), and duration of hypertension (p < 0.001), are therefore considered risk factors for failure of thrombolytic therapy and reperfusion. Bloody.
Conclusion
Therefore, we suggest that cardiac catheterization should be the first line of treatment instead of thrombolytic therapy when it is available in elderly patients, patients with high blood pressure, diabetes, and when the period between the onset of chest pain and treatment exceeds 12 hours, due to its association with a high rate of failure of thrombolytic therapy.
How energy demand, poverty, and governance issues drive communities toward deforestation and carbon emissions
Authors: Tufail Muhammad , Khayyam Umer , Alvi Shahzad , Wilson Clevo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Pakistan, the 5th most populous country in the world, is also classified as one of the most affected by climate change. To blame is the ever-rising population growth, leading to higher energy demand that is dragging the rural communities towards forest resource depletion in order to meet household energy needs. It is impacting 4% of the country’s already limited forest reserves and creating excessive carbon emissions. This research analyzes deforestation rate, biomass and carbon losses and CO2 emissions in the Malakand Division, Pakistan. The data sources and models used were Landsat (8), GIS, and remote sensing, coupled with self-administered 521 household questionnaires deployed in 23 villages in the proximity of forest land. The results confirm deforestation is occurring at the annual rate of 0.74%yr-1, corresponding to a total emission of 1352055.64 MgCO2eqyr-1 over 17 years (2000-17). The risk of losing forest resources stands at 8,141 species yr-1. The drivers behind deforestation were fuelwood collection totalling 8,501,720 kg used to meet the energy needs of household and commercial activities. The reasons behind this exhaustive deforestation and resulting carbon emissions, as revealed by the household survey, were decling industrial economy and services sector, low off-farm wages and non-availability of financial credit to shift to other sources of income. This study calls for the provision of alternative livelihood opportunities and effective forest management to be associated with the REDD+ mechanism to protect forest resources and address global warming.
Avaliação da eficácia e durabilidade da Vacina Anti-HPV nos diferentes esquemas vacinais: Uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Sampaio Luiza Felicianno , Vilela Milena Morais , Barros Laiza Alencar Santos , Saddi Vera Aparecida , Ribeiro Andrea Alves 
Published: May 2024

O HPV é o agente etiológico do câncer de colo de útero. É a segunda principal neoplasia entre as mulheres, quando considerados os países menos desenvolvidos e de baixa renda. Apesar do desenvolvimento de três imunizantes eficazes na prevenção de infecções e de lesões HPV-relacionadas, nem sempre se observa o cumprimento completo do esquema vacinal. Acredita-se que o número de doses seja um fator preponderante para a baixa adesão. Nesse intuito, o objetivo do estudo foi verificar se o esquema reduzido de doses tem uma eficácia e durabilidade comparáveis ao esquema ampliado. Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática da literatura cuja estratégia de pesquisa bibliográfica incluiu consulta às bases de pesquisa PubMed e SciELO no primeiro semestre de 2022. Os critérios de inclusão foram: Estudos clínicos randomizados publicados em língua inglesa, portuguesa ou espanhola; Publicações dos últimos cinco anos; Publicações nas quais a intervenção é a aplicação da vacina na população adolescente ou adulta; Publicações que avaliam diferentes esquemas vacinais e Publicações com desfecho relacionado à eficácia e durabilidade dos esquemas vacinais. Os critérios foram avaliados por dois revisores independentes e o risco de viés das publicações foi analisado pelo checklist CONSORT. Foram reunidos 54 artigos, dos quais 12 foram elegíveis. Os resultados deste estudo demonstraram que os esquemas reduzidos de uma ou duas doses possuem imunogenicidade, eficácia e durabilidade da proteção anti-HPV satisfatórias, sem prejuízos em relação a esquemas de três doses. Portanto, esquemas reduzidos, se tornam uma estratégia de imunização , principalmente no que tange aos países em desenvolvimento, que teriam seus programas de vacinação fortalecidos e a cobertura vacinal ampliada.
An Artificial Intelligence Driven Approach for Classification of Ophthalmic
Images using Convolutional Neural Network: An Experimental Study
Authors: Singh Shagundeep , Banoub Raphael , Sanghvi Harshal A. , Agarwal Ankur , Chalam K.V. , Gupta Shailesh , Pandya Abhijit S. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Early disease detection is emphasized within ophthalmology now more than ever, and as a result, clinicians and innovators turn to deep learning to
expedite accurate diagnosis and mitigate treatment delay. Efforts concentrate on the creation of deep learning systems that analyze clinical image
data to detect disease-specific features with maximum sensitivity. Moreover, these systems hold promise of early accurate diagnosis and treatment
of patients with common progressive diseases. DenseNet, ResNet, and VGG-16 are among a few of the deep learning Convolutional Neural
Network (CNN) algorithms that have been introduced and are being investigated for potential application within ophthalmology.

Methods:
In this study, the authors sought to create and evaluate a novel ensembled deep learning CNN model that analyzes a dataset of shuffled retinal color
fundus images (RCFIs) from eyes with various ocular disease features (cataract, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy). Our aim was to determine (1) the
relative performance of our finalized model in classifying RCFIs according to disease and (2) the diagnostic potential of the finalized model to
serve as a screening test for specific diseases (cataract, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy) upon presentation of RCFIs with diverse disease
manifestations.

Results:
We found adding convolutional layers to an existing VGG-16 model, which was named as a proposed model in this article that, resulted in
significantly increased performance with 98% accuracy (p<0.05), including good diagnostic potential for binary disease detection in cataract,
glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy.

Conclusion:
The proposed model was found to be suitable and accurate for a decision support system in Ophthalmology Clinical Framework.
Understanding the Impacts of Online Mental Health Peer Support Forums: Realist Synthesis
Authors: Marshall Paul , Booth Millissa , Coole Matthew , Fothergill Lauren , Glossop Zoe , Haines Jade , Harding Andrew , Johnston Rose , Jones Steven , Lodge Christopher , Machin Karen , Meacock Rachel , Nielson Kristi , Puddephatt Jo-Anne , Rakic Tamara , Rayson Paul , Robinson Heather , Rycroft-Malone Jo , Shryane Nick , Swithenbank Zoe , Wise Sara , Lobban Fiona 
Published: May 2024

Background
Online forums are widely used for mental health peer support. However, evidence of their safety and effectiveness is mixed. Further research focused on articulating the contexts in which positive and negative impacts emerge from forum use is required to inform innovations in implementation.

Objective
This study aimed to develop a realist program theory to explain the impacts of online mental health peer support forums on users.

Methods
We conducted a realist synthesis of literature published between 2019 and 2023 and 18 stakeholder interviews with forum staff.

Results
Synthesis of 102 evidence sources and 18 interviews produced an overarching program theory comprising 22 context-mechanism-outcome configurations. Findings indicate that users’ perceptions of psychological safety and the personal relevance of forum content are foundational to ongoing engagement. Safe and active forums that provide convenient access to information and advice can lead to improvements in mental health self-efficacy. Within the context of welcoming and nonjudgmental communities, users may benefit from the opportunity to explore personal difficulties with peers, experience reduced isolation and normalization of mental health experiences, and engage in mutual encouragement. The program theory highlights the vital role of moderators in creating facilitative online spaces, stimulating community engagement, and limiting access to distressing content. A key challenge for organizations that host mental health forums lies in balancing forum openness and anonymity with the need to enforce rules, such as restrictions on what users can discuss, to promote community safety.

Conclusions
This is the first realist synthesis of online mental health peer support forums. The novel program theory highlights how successful implementation depends on establishing protocols for enhancing safety and strategies for maintaining user engagement to promote forum sustainability.

Trial Registration
PROSPERO CRD42022352528; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=352528