bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gut microorganisms of
Locusta migratoria
in various life stages and its possible influence on cellulose digestibility
Authors: Li Kai , Li Wen-Jing , Liang Ke , Li Fei-Fei , Qin Guo-Qing , Liu Jia-Hao , Zhang Yu-Long , Li Xin-Jiang 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Locusta migratoria
is an important phytophagous pest, and its gut microbial communities play an important role in cellulose degradation. In this study, the gut microbial and cellulose digestibility dynamics of
Locusta migratoria
were jointly analyzed using high-throughput sequencing and anthrone colorimetry. The results showed that the gut microbial diversity and cellulose digestibility across life stages were dynamically changing. The species richness of gut bacteria was significantly higher in eggs than in larvae and imago, the species richness and cellulose digestibility of gut bacteria were significantly higher in early larvae (first and second instars) than in late larvae (third to fifth instars), and the diversity of gut bacteria and cellulose digestibility were significantly higher in imago than in late larvae. There is a correlation between the dynamics of gut bacterial communities and cellulose digestibility.
Enterobacter
,
Lactococcus,
and
Pseudomonas
are the most abundant genera throughout all life stages. Six strains of highly efficient cellulolytic bacteria were screened, which were dominant gut bacteria. Carboxymethyl cellulase activity (CMCA) and filter paper activity (FPA) experiments revealed that
Pseudomonas
had the highest cellulase enzyme activity. This study provides a new way for the screening of cellulolytic bacteria and lays the foundation for developing insects with significant biomass into cellulose-degrading bioreactors.

IMPORTANCE

Cellulose is the most abundant and cheapest renewable resource in nature, but its degradation is difficult, so finding efficient cellulose degradation methods is an urgent challenge.
Locusta migratoria
is a large group of agricultural pests, and the large number of microorganisms that inhabit their intestinal tracts play an important role in cellulose degradation. We analyzed the dynamics of
Locusta migratoria
gut microbial communities and cellulose digestibility using a combination of high-throughput sequencing technology and anthrone colorimetry. The results revealed that the gut microbial diversity and cellulose digestibility were dynamically changed at different life stages. In addition, we explored the intestinal bacterial community of
Locusta migratoria
across life stages and its correlation with cellulose digestibility. The dominant bacterial genera at different life stages of
Locusta migratoria
were uncovered and their carboxymethyl cellulase activity (CMCA) and filter paper activity (FPA) were determined. This study provides a new avenue for screening cellulolytic bacteria and lays the foundation for developing insects with significant biomass into cellulose-degrading bioreactors.
Quantitative proteomic analysis of plasma membranes from the fish pathogen
Saprolegnia parasitica
reveals promising targets for disease control
Authors: Mélida Hugo , Kappel Lisa , Ullah Sadia Fida , Bulone Vincent , Srivastava Vaibhav 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

The phylum Oomycota contains economically important pathogens of animals and plants, including
Saprolegnia parasitica
, the causal agent of the fish disease saprolegniasis. Due to intense fish farming and banning of the most effective control measures, saprolegniasis has re-emerged as a major challenge for the aquaculture industry. Oomycete cells are surrounded by a polysaccharide-rich cell wall matrix that, in addition to being essential for cell growth, also functions as a protective “armor.” Consequently, the enzymes responsible for cell wall synthesis provide potential targets for disease control. Oomycete cell wall biosynthetic enzymes are predicted to be plasma membrane proteins. To identify these proteins, we applied a quantitative (iTRAQ) mass spectrometry-based proteomics approach to the plasma membrane of the hyphal cells of
S. parasitica
, providing the first complete plasma membrane proteome of an oomycete species. Of significance is the identification of 65 proteins enriched in detergent-resistant microdomains (DRMs).
In silico
analysis showed that DRM-enriched proteins are mainly involved in molecular transport and β-1,3-glucan synthesis, potentially contributing to pathogenesis. Moreover, biochemical characterization of the glycosyltransferase activity in these microdomains further supported their role in β-1,3-glucan synthesis. Altogether, the knowledge gained in this study provides a basis for developing disease control measures targeting specific plasma membrane proteins in
S. parasitica
.

IMPORTANCE

The significance of this research lies in its potential to combat saprolegniasis, a detrimental fish disease, which has resurged due to intensive fish farming and regulatory restrictions. By targeting enzymes responsible for cell wall synthesis in
Saprolegnia parasitica
, this study uncovers potential avenues for disease control. Particularly noteworthy is the identification of several proteins enriched in membrane microdomains, offering insights into molecular mechanisms potentially involved in pathogenesis. Understanding the role of these proteins provides a foundation for developing targeted disease control measures. Overall, this research holds promise for safeguarding the aquaculture industry against the challenges posed by saprolegniasis.
Graves’ ophthalmopathy: the clinical and psychosocial outcomes of different medical interventions – a systematic review
Authors: Bello Oyinlola Maria , Druce Maralyn , Ansari Ejaz 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundGraves’ ophthalmopathy is a complex autoimmune disorder that can significantly affect quality of life (QoL), vision and physical appearance. Recently, a deeper understanding of the underlying pathogenesis has led to the development of novel treatment options.AimsThe purpose of this review is to explore the current literature on conventional and novel treatment modalities and to evaluate which interventions provide the most favourable psychological and clinical outcomes in patients with moderate to severe, active Grave’s ophthalmopathy. For example, QoL is an important psychosocial outcome of disease management. However, available literature demonstrates that not all clinically effective treatment options improve patients’ QoL.MethodsA systematic literature review was conducted to assess the clinical and psychosocial outcomes of different therapies for Graves’ ophthalmopathy. An extensive database search of Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was conducted. Studies generated were reviewed and the relevant selected data were retrieved and analysed.ResultsResults showed intravenous steroids, rituximab (RTX), tocilizumab and teprotumumab were all significantly effective in improving Clinical Activity Scores. Orbital radiotherapy showed a slight improvement in proptosis and diplopia. All interventions were safe with few serious adverse events being reported across all studies. All treatment modalities demonstrated beneficial improvements in both components of the Graves’ Ophthalmopathy-QoL (QoL) questionnaire, apart from orbital radiotherapy which only demonstrated improvements in the visual functioning subscale. Teprotumumab was identified to be the most effective intervention for improving both clinical and psychosocial outcomes. However, further research needs to be conducted to evaluate its side effect profile and cost-effectiveness. Nonetheless, with time it has the potential to be a first-line treatment option in the management of active moderate to severe Graves’ ophthalmopathy.
EBV promotes TCR-T-cell therapy resistance by inducing CD163+M2 macrophage polarization and MMP9 secretion
Authors: Chen Yuanyuan , Ouyang Dijun , Wang Yan , Pan Qiuzhong , Zhao Jingjing , Chen Hao , Yang Xinyi , Tang Yan , Wang Qijing , Li Yongqiang , He Jia , You Jin-Qi , Li Yingzi , Xu Chi , Ren Yan , Xie Sisi , Li Song , Lian Jiamin , Weng Desheng , Xiang Tong , Xia Jian-Chuan 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundEpstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a double-stranded DNA oncogenic virus. Several types of solid tumors, such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma, EBV-associated gastric carcinoma, and lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the lung, have been linked to EBV infection. Currently, several TCR-T-cell therapies for EBV-associated tumors are in clinical trials, but due to the suppressive immune microenvironment of solid tumors, the clinical application of TCR-T-cell therapy for EBV-associated solid tumors is limited. Figuring out the mechanism by which EBV participates in the formation of the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment will help T cells or TCR-T cells break through the limitation and exert stronger antitumor potential.MethodsFlow cytometry was used for analyzing macrophage differentiation phenotypes induced by EBV-infected and EBV-uninfected tumors, as well as the function of T cells co-cultured with these macrophages. Xenograft model in mice was used to explore the effects of M2 macrophages, TCR-T cells, and matrix metalloprotein 9 (MMP9) inhibitors on the growth of EBV-infected tumors.ResultsEBV-positive tumors exhibited an exhaustion profile of T cells, despite the presence of a large T-cell infiltration. EBV-infected tumors recruited a large number of mononuclear macrophages with CCL5 and induced CD163+M2 macrophages polarization through the secretion of CSF1 and the promotion of autocrine IL10 production by mononuclear macrophages. Massive secretion of MMP9 by this group of CD163+M2 macrophages induced by EBV infection was an important factor contributing to T-cell exhaustion and TCR-T-cell therapy resistance in EBV-positive tumors, and the use of MMP9 inhibitors improved the function of T cells cocultured with M2 macrophages. Finally, the combination of an MMP9 inhibitor with TCR-T cells targeting EBV-positive tumors significantly inhibited the growth of xenografts in mice.ConclusionsMMP9 inhibitors improve TCR-T cell function suppressed by EBV-induced M2 macrophages. TCR-T-cell therapy combined with MMP9 inhibitors was an effective therapeutic strategy for EBV-positive solid tumors.
Reasons for using e-cigarettes among adults who smoke: comparing the findings from the 2016 and 2020 ITC Korea Surveys
Authors: Yoon Wonjeong , Seo Hong Gwan , Lee Sungkyu , Lee Eon Sook , Xu Steve S , Meng Gang , Quah Anne C K , Fong Geoffrey T , Lim Sujin , Kim Gil-yong , Kim Su Young , Cho Sung-il 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionDual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes is a growing usage pattern in adults, but little is known about the motivations underlying this trend. We investigated the reasons for e-cigarette use among adults who smoke, considering variation in sociodemographic subgroups.MethodsThis repeated cross-sectional study analysed adults who smoked at least weekly and vaped at any frequency. Data were from the International Tobacco Control Korea Surveys conducted in 2016 (n=164) and 2020 (n=1088). Fourteen reasons for e-cigarette use were assessed in both waves. Subgroup analyses were performed by age, sex and educational level.ResultsThe top reasons for e-cigarette use in 2020 were curiosity (62.8%), less harmful than smoking (45.4%) and taste (43.2%). Curiosity was the most cited across age, sex and education subgroups. Significant differences were observed in 2020 compared with 2016, with lower percentages in goal-oriented reasons: helping quit smoking (36.3% vs 48.9%; p=0.017), helping cut down smoking (35.3% vs 52.7%; p=0.001), less harmful to others (39.0% vs 54.6%; p=0.003) and more acceptable (31.6% vs 61.2%; p<0.001). By contrast, non-goal-oriented reasons showed higher percentages in 2020, such as curiosity (62.8% vs 27.9%; p<0.001), taste (43.2% vs 22.1%; p<0.001) and enjoyment (26.8% vs 8.6%; p<0.001). In 2020, a majority of adults who smoked and vaped (53.3%) reported no intention to quit or reduce smoking.ConclusionsE-cigarette use for curiosity and pleasure predominated among adults who smoked. The reasons for dual use in adults have shifted from goal-oriented to non-goal-oriented.
Hemodynamic cortical ripples through cyclicity analysis
Authors: Abraham Ivan , Shahsavarani Somayeh , Zimmerman Benjamin , Husain Fatima T. , Baryshnikov Yuliy 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A fine-grained understanding of dynamics in cortical networks is crucial to unpacking brain function. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) gives rise to time series recordings of the activity of different brain regions, which are aperiodic and lack a base frequency. Cyclicity analysis, a novel technique robust under time reparametrizations, is effective in recovering the temporal ordering of such time series, collectively considered components of a multidimensional trajectory. Here, we extend this analytical method for characterizing the dynamic interaction between distant brain regions and apply it to the data from the Human Connectome Project. Our analysis detected cortical traveling waves of activity propagating along a spatial axis, resembling cortical hierarchical organization with consistent lead-lag relationships between specific brain regions in resting-state scans. In fMRI scans involving tasks, we observed short bursts of task-modulated strong temporal ordering that dominate overall lead-lag relationships between pairs of regions in the brain that align temporally with stimuli from the tasks. Our results suggest a possible role played by waves of excitation sweeping through brain regions that underlie emergent cognitive functions.
Between Positive Complementarity and Magical Legalism: Colombia and International Criminal Justice
Authors: Tamayo Gomez Camilo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This article offers an overview and analysis of the findings regarding the case of Colombia within the EU cost Action ca18228 (the Action) and the Scoping Survey examining states’ encounters with international criminal justice. It explores Colombia’s nuanced and multifaceted approach to international criminal justice frameworks, focusing on the intersection of transnational crimes and the intricate dynamics of internal armed conflicts. It presents Colombia’s multi-scalar legal approach to attempting to establish a positive complementarity and multilevel rule-of-law system, acknowledging the challenges inherent in integrating international law with diverse levels of governance and local legislation. It highlights how the ongoing implementation of the peace process and transitional justice mechanisms have sparked debates about striking the delicate balance between peace and justice, conducting in some cases expressions of magical legalism. This article’s significance rests in the idea that Colombia’s experience serves as an illustrative case study of the complexities involved in applying a multi-scalar positive complementarity legal approach and multilevel legal framework in the pursuit of justice for both national and international crimes.
Bacillus subtilis SF106 and Bacillus clausii SF174 spores reduce the inflammation and modulate the gut microbiota in a colitis model
Authors: Vittoria M. , Horwell E. , Bastoni D. , Saggese A. , Baccigalupi L. , Cutting S.M. , Ricca E. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Chronic intestinal inflammation is associated with strong alterations of the microbial composition of the gut. Probiotic treatments and microbiota-targeting approaches have been considered to reduce the inflammation, improve both gut barrier function as well as overall gastrointestinal health. Here, a murine model of experimental colitis was used to assess the beneficial health effects of Bacillus subtilis SF106 and Bacillus clausii (recently renamed Shouchella clausii) SF174, two spore-forming strains previously characterised in vitro as potential probiotics. Experimental colitis was induced in BALB/c mice by the oral administration of dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) and groups of animals treated with spores of either strain. Spores of both strains reduced the DSS-induced inflammation with spores of B. clausii SF174 more effective than B. subtilis SF106. Spores of both strains remodelled the mouse gut microbiota favouring the presence of beneficial microbes such as members of the Bacteroidetes and Akkermansia genera.
We the Nation
Authors: Ateş Sabri 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The last months of 1880 witnessed a turning point in Kurdish history. Under the leadership of a Naqshbandi/Qadiri Shaykh, ʿUbeydullah of Nehrî, in Central Kurdistan, thousands of Iranian and Ottoman Kurds marched on Iranian Kurdistan and temporarily captured several cities in the region. Despite the uprising’s failure, the nature of their movement has long been a subject of debate among scholars and the public. This paper provides a contextual analysis of several letters of Shaykh ʿUbeydullah, aiming to shed light on the agency, consciousness, and motivations of the participants in the uprising. Moreover, it explores whether this episode could be considered a nationalist uprising.
Archiving Resistance
Authors: Sheikhmous Omar , Ghaderi Farangis 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this conversation, Omar Sheikhmous (author, researcher, activist, and broadcaster), talks with Farangis Ghaderi (author and academic at the University of Exeter), about his life, involvement with and contributions to Kurdish political and academic activities, as well as his archive hosted at the University of Exeter. The conversation covers the content and the development of the Sheikhmous archive, challenges of archiving resistance movements and preserving Kurdish materials, and the intersection of activism and archival practice. It also sheds light on Kurdish student associations and activism in Europe.
Lower Socioeconomic Status Predicts Greater Obstacles to Care: Using Outpatient Cholecystectomy as a Model Cohort
Authors: McGee Michelle Y. , Janjua Haroon M. , Read Meagan D. , Kuo Paul C. , Grimsley Emily A. 
Published: June 2024

Background Patients with low socioeconomic status (SES) are disadvantaged in terms of access to health care. A novel metric for SES is the Distressed Communities Index (DCI). This study evaluates the effect of DCI on hospital choice and distance traveled for surgery. Methods A Florida database was queried for patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis or chronic cholecystitis who underwent an outpatient cholecystectomy between 2016 and 2019. Patients’ DCI was compared with hospital ratings, comorbidities, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and distance traveled for surgery. Stepwise logistic regression was used to determine which factors most influenced distance traveled for surgery. Results There were 54,649 cases—81 open, 52,488 laparoscopic, and 2,080 robotic. There was no difference between surgical approach and patient’s DCI group (p = 0.12). Rural patients traveled the farthest for surgery (avg 21.29 miles); urban patients traveled the least (avg 5.84 miles). Patients from distressed areas more often had surgery at one- or two-star hospitals than prosperous patients (61% vs 36.3%). Regression indicated distressed or at-risk areas predicted further travel for rural/small-town patients, while higher hospital ratings predicted further travel for suburban/urban patients. Discussion Compared to prosperous areas, patients from distressed areas have surgery at lower-rated hospitals, travel further if they live in rural/small-town areas, but travel less if they live in suburban areas. We postulate that farther travel in rural areas may be explained by a lack of health care resources in poor, rural areas, while traveling less in suburban areas may be explained by personal lack of resources for patients with low SES.
Evaluation of Secondary Overtriage at a Rural Level 1 Trauma Center
Authors: Osher Jennifer , Archer Allen , Heard Matthew A. , McBride Mary E. , Leonard Matthew , Burns J. Bracken 
Published: June 2024

Objective To retrospectively assess the prevalence of secondary overtriage (SO) within a rural regional Appalachian health care system. Methods Trauma registry data was extracted for all trauma activation transfer patients from 2017 to 2022. Transferred patients were then stratified into two groups, non-secondary overtriage (non-SO) or SO. Patients were considered SO if they met three criteria following transfer: an Injury Severity Score (ISS) of less than 15, no required operative intervention, and discharge within 48 hours of arrival. Descriptive statistics were compared for age, length of stay (LOS), ICU LOS, and ISS. Surgical subspecialty consultations were compared between the two groups. Patients in the SO group were further assessed by body region of injury and Abbreviated Injury Score (AIS). Results Among 3,291 trauma activation transfer patients, 43% (1,407) were considered SO transfers. Patients in the SO group were significantly younger, had shorter average hospital and ICU LOS, and lower ISS compared to the non-SO group. Additionally, 25.7% of patients in the SO group had injuries to the head or neck of which 8.96% have an AIS ≥3. 21% of patients had injuries to the face, with 0.14% having an AIS ≥3. Conclusions 43% of transfer patients in this study met our definition of SO. Although no optimal rate of SO has been universally established, limiting SO stands to benefit both patients and trauma systems. This study highlights how institutional analysis of transfer patients may help inform transfer protocols to reduce secondary overtriage and overutilization of scarce resources.
Mentalizing as a Predictor of Well-Being and Emotion Regulation: Longitudinal Evidence from a Community Sample of Young Adults
Authors: Schwarzer Nicola-Hans , Heim Nikolas , Gingelmaier Stephan , Fonagy Peter , Nolte Tobias 
Published: June 2024

Background: In recent years, mentalizing – the capacity to understand one’s own and others’ intentional mental states in social contexts – has been considered to be a protective capacity that enables adaptive processing of stress-related emotional arousal, benefits general well-being and underpins adaptive emotion regulation. Objective: Several studies using cross-sectional research designs have demonstrated the potential health-promoting effect of mentalizing in non-clinical samples. However, longitudinal evidence is scarce. The present study aimed to investigate whether mentalizing predicts well-being and emotion regulation strategies in a non-clinical sample of mainly young adults using a prospective longitudinal design. Methods: In a prospective research design, 135 participants completed questionnaires assessing well-being, psychological symptom severity and mentalizing capacity at baseline (T1). Twelve months later (T2), emotion regulation strategies (suppression and cognitive reappraisal), well-being and psychological symptom severity were assessed by self-report. The data were analyzed using multivariate linear regression analysis. Results: Impairments in mentalizing were a significant negative predictor of well-being 12 months later. Furthermore, impairments in mentalizing positively predicted suppression of emotional states at T2. No association was found between deficits in mentalizing and cognitive reappraisal of emotional states over the course of 1 year. Conclusion: The findings indicate that mentalizing is longitudinally associated with mental health indicators in a non-clinical adult sample. Specifically, ineffective mentalizing was associated with impaired psychological well-being and a tendency to suppress intense emotional states over a period of 1 year. Future research should replicate these findings using multiple measurement timepoints to etablish causality.