bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peanut Foliar Fungicides: Relationships Between Leafspot Control and Kernel Quality
Authors: Hammond J. M. , Backman P. A. , Lyle J. A. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The effectiveness of foliar fungicides for control of peanut leafspot caused by Cercospora arachidicola Hori and Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. & Curt.) Deight, was evaluated from 1971–1974. Benomyl, chlorothalonil, triphenyl-tin-hydroxide and copper hydroxide were applied at recommended rates by conventional ground sprayer at 14-day intervals. Leaf-spot severity was rated by determining percent defoliation and infection. All fungicide-treated plots had less defoliation and infection than the untreated control plots. Kernel quality was determined using Federal-State Inspection Service procedures. Plots sprayed with chlorothalonil had better quality kernels than those from any other fungicide treatment. However, kernels harvested from the untreated control plots had significantly better quality than those from the chlorothalonil-treatment. Kernels harvested from the benomyl and copper hydroxide treatments were slightly inferior in quality than the chlorothalonil treatment. Kernels from the triphenyl-tin-hydroxide treated plots were significantly inferior in quality than those from plots treated with other fungicides. These data indicate that while kernel quality is not related to leafspot control, certain foliar fungicides adversely affect peanut kernel quality probably by altering the ecology of the geocarposphere.
Severity of Sclerotinia Blight of Peanuts as Detected By Infrared Aerial Photography1
Authors: Porter D. M. , Powell N. L. , Cobb P. R. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The severity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum as detected on aerial infrared photography was correlated with actual yield losses in the field. Peanut pod losses in the soil increased as disease severity became more pronounced as determined by imagery interpretation. In areas of fields on the imagery interpreted to be slightly, moderately and severely infected with S. sclerotiorum, pod losses due to infection were 2, 5 and 7 times greater, respectively, than normally expected losses in nondiseased areas (ca. 300 kg/ha). Sclerotial populations were 10 times greater in soil from severely infested areas on the field than from slightly and noninfested areas.
Genetic Variability And Heritability For An Intercultivar Cross Of Peanuts1
Authors: Wynne J. C. , Rawlings J. O. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Genetic variances for yield and several fruit traits for the F5 and F6 generations of an intercultivar peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cross were estimated by maximum likelihood procedures from a nested mating design. Estimates of additive and additive by environmental variances were significant for yield and the fruit traits for the cross between the two Virginia (ssp. hypogaea var. hypogaes) cultivars. Estimates of additive by additive variance were essentially zero for all traits; however, estimates of additive by additive by environmental variances were larger than their associated standard deviations for all traits except yield.
Narrow sense estimates of heritability over reciprocal crosses and environments ranged from 0.54 for yield to 0.89 for fruit length. Progress from selection in late generations should be expected for this peanut cross.
Effect of Blending Plant Materials on Protein Quality. I. Peanut and Citrus Seed Proteins1
Authors: Ory Robert L. , Conkerton Edith J. , Sekul Antonio A. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Oilseeds are receiving much attention as sources of edible protein, even though some are generally low in certain essential amino acids such as lysine, methionine, tryptophane, and/or isoleucine. One of the best ways for correcting the amino acid balance is to blend two or more oilseed proteins. Defatted peanut flour (low in methionine) and a citrus seed flour reportedly high in methionine were blended and evaluated chemically for protein solubility, amino acid composition, gel electrophoretic protein patterns and methionine and available lysine levels. Solubility of peanut proteins is much higher than that of citrus seed proteins, precluding the use of blends in preparation of protein co-isolates for some types of beverages. Because of their properties, these blends would probably find better use in cloudy, fruit-flavored, or milk-type beverages or in solid food items such as meat extenders, bakery goods, dry soup, or gravy mixes.
Effects of 2,4-DB on Yield and Pod Development in Peanuts
Authors: Ketchersid M. L. , Boswell T. E. , Merkle M. G. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The herbicide 2,4-DB [4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) butyric acid] was not readily absorbed by peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) leaves, was not accumlated in the nut at harvest and was very slowly metabolized to 2, 4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid). In contrast, pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) readily absorbed the 2,4-DB and rapidly converted it to 2,4-D. The 2,4-D was subsequently translocated to the apical regions of the pigweed and resulted in severely reduced growth or death.
Applications of 0.9 kg/ha of 2,4-DB between maximum pegging and early pod (fruit) enlargement reduced yield and affected quality and pod size. Repeated applications of 0.45 kg/ha of 2,4-DB did not adversely affect the peanut. An analytical procedure sensitive to 0.1 ppm of 2,4-D and 0.2 ppm of 2,4-DB is described for analysis of fresh plant forage and nuts.
A Method of Screening Peanut Genotypes for Resistance To Cercospora Leafspot1
Authors: Melouk H. A. , Banks D. J. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A detached leaf technique was developed for screening peanut genotypes for resistance to leafspot caused by Cercospora arachidicola. Compound leaves of four cultivars of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) and four wild peanut genotypes were used in this study. Individual leaf petioles, each supported by a foam plug, were immersed in Hoagland's solution in 1 × 14 cm test tubes. Leaves were inoculated with C. arachidicola by misting both surfaces with a conidial suspension (2 × 104 conidia/ml) using a DeVilbiss atomizer (No. 152). Test tubes with innoculated leaves were placed in racks in a clear polyethylene chamber on a greenhouse bench. Temperatures in the chamber averaged 26 ± 2 C and 31 ± 2 C during night and day, respectively. Relative humidity was maintained between 80 and 90% by hanging wicks of cheesecloth with their bases in water on both sides of the chamber. Lesions appeared on leaves of susceptible peanuts 8 to 10 days after inoculation and leaflet defoliation started 18 to 21 days after inoculation. This screening technique is reproducible, and requires a minimum of leaf tissue, space, and fungal inoculum.
Genotype-Environment Interaction Effects in Peanut Variety Evaluation1
Authors: Tai Peter Y. P. , Hammons Ray O. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Data of both early-and late-maturity groups from the Georgia peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) variety trails under irrigated and non-irrigated management at two locations in 1975 and 1976 were used to estimate the magnitude of the variety x environment interaction of pod yield, %TSMK, %OK, %DK, %TK, %ELK, %Fancy and g/100 seed. Irrigation treatments caused marked responses of varieties and interaction effects for some of these traits. Both first-and second-order interactions varied under different treatments and for different traits. The significant varieties x locations x years interaction in most traits examined indicated that the varieties x years interaction varied with location. The relatively small values for varieties x location and for varieties x years indicate that there were no consistent location or year effects on differential varietal response for most of those traits during this period of testing. However, results indicate that the variety component significantly exceeded the first-and the second-order interactions and suggest that the varietal effect would be consistently present, especially for pod yield and size factors (g/100 seed, %Fancy and %ELK).
Antibodies toPorphyromonas gingivalisAre Associated with Anticitrullinated Protein Antibodies in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Their Relatives
Authors: HITCHON CAROL A. , CHANDAD FATIHA , FERUCCI ELIZABETH D. , WILLEMZE ANNEMIEK , IOAN-FACSINAY ANDREEA , van der WOUDE DIANE , MARKLAND JANET , ROBINSON DAVID , ELIAS BRENDA , NEWKIRK MARIANNA , TOES RENE M. , HUIZINGA TOM W.J. , EL-GABALAWY HANI S. 
Published: May 2010

Objective.Anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) are relatively specific for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and predate disease. The oral pathogenPorphyromonas gingivalismay play a role in breaking immune tolerance to citrullinated antigens. We studied a cohort of patients with RA and their relatives looking for associations between anti-P. gingivalisantibodies and ACPA.Methods.Patients with RA (n = 82) and their relatives (n = 205) from a North American Native (NAN) population were studied, along with 47 NAN and 60 non-NAN controls. IgM and IgA rheumatoid factor (RF) were tested by nephelometry and ELISA. Second-generation anticyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP2) isotypes and IgG anti-P. gingivalislipopolysaccharides were tested by ELISA. HLA-DRB1 typing was performed by sequencing. Oral hygiene and smoking habits were assessed by questionnaires.Results.Autoantibody frequency in patients with RA and relatives: ACPA 91% vs 19%, respectively; IgM RF 82% vs 17%; IgA RF 48% vs 22%. Anti-P. gingivalislevels were higher in patients with RA compared to relatives and controls (p = 0.005) and higher in ACPA-positive patients with RA than in ACPA-negative patients with RA (p = 0.04) and relatives (p < 0.001), but comparable in RF-positive and RF-negative patients and relatives. Poor oral hygiene and smoking were prevalent, but with no clear association with autoantibodies. Relatives with 2 shared-epitope alleles were more likely to be ACPA-positive (OR 2.5, p = 0.02).Conclusion.In a genetically predisposed population of NAN patients with RA and their relatives, anti-P. gingivalisantibodies were associated with ACPA. These findings suggest that immune responses toP. gingivalismay be involved in breaking immune tolerance to citrullinated antigens.
Intra- and Postoperative Variation in Ocular Response Analyzer Parameters in Keratoconic Eyes After Corneal Cross-Linking
Authors: Vinciguerra Paolo , Albè Elena , Mahmoud Ashraf M. , Trazza Silvia , Hafezi Farhad , Roberts Cynthia J. 
Published: May 2010

Purpose:
To analyze intra- and postoperative variation in Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA, Reichert Ophthalmic Instruments) parameters in 24 keratoconic eyes undergoing corneal cross-linking (CXL).

Methods:
In a prospective clinical study, corneal hysteresis (CH), corneal resistance factor (CRF), peak 1 and peak 2 amplitude, corneal-compensated and Goldmann-correlated intraocular pressure (IOP) were evaluated using the ORA. The thinnest cornea point was measured with the Pentacam (Oculus Inc). Corneal topography and endothelial cell count were performed. Measurements were recorded at baseline; intraoperatively after epithelium removal, riboflavin impregnation, and ultraviolet A irradiation; and postoperatively after corneal re-epithelialization and at 1, 6, and 12 months.

Results:

A statistically significant reduction of the thinnest cornea point from 462±23.24
μ
m was observed at the end of the CXL procedure intraoperatively and at 1- and 6-month follow-up (
P
<.05). A significant increase in the thinnest cornea point to 624±31.72
μ
m was found after re-epithelialization (
P
<.05), and no significant changes were observed at 1 year postoperatively. Mean CH and CRF did not change significantly after de-epithelialization, but were noted to significantly increase after CXL intraoperatively and postoperatively at 1-month follow-up. At 6 and 12 months postoperatively, CH and CRF were not statistically significantly different from pre-operatively. Peak 1 and peak 2 decreased intraoperatively from 276±52 and 228±47 to 172±42 and 131±42, respectively, at the conclusion of CXL (
P
<.05), and were noted to increase to 493±41 and 444±51, respectively, at 6-month follow-up. Corneal-compensated IOP and Goldmann-correlated IOP increased at 1 month after CXL (
P
>.05).

Conclusions:
The results showed a significant change in ORA parameters and the thinnest cornea point during and after the CXL procedure and a high correlation between peak amplitudes and corneal asymmetry, providing insight to the bioelastic and biomechanical behavior of the cornea during and after CXL.
Higher Order Aberrations Using the NIDEK OPD-Scan and AMO Wavescan
Authors: McAlinden Colm , Moore Jonathan E. 
Published: May 2010

Purpose:
To compare higher order aberrations measured with the NIDEK OPD-Scan and AMO WaveScan.

Methods:
Third- to sixth-order higher order aberrations were measured in 1072 eyes using the OPD-Scan and WaveScan. Means, standard deviations, confidence intervals, limits of agreement, and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated.

Results:

Aberrations of greatest magnitude with the OPD-Scan were

Z
3

−
3

(−0.113±0.243
μ
m),

Z
4
0

(0.073±0.137
μ
m), and

Z
3

−
1

(−0.058±0.165
μ
m), and with the WaveScan,

Z
3

−
3

(−0.054±0.103
μ
m),

Z
4
0

(0.049±0.083
μ
m), and

Z
3
1

(−0.017±0.100
μ
m). The largest difference in magnitude between the two aberrometers was with Zernike polynomial

Z
3

−
3

(−0.060±0.205
μ
m). Medium consistency (0.6<ICC<0.8) was found between the two instruments for

Z
3

−
1

and

Z
4
0

. All other Zernike polynomials had a poor consistency (ICC<0.6) including the total root-mean-square (RMS) higher order aberrations.

Conclusions:

Poor consistency was found for all aberrations except

Z
3

−
1

and

Z
4
0

, which demostrated medium consistency. Expected aberration reference values are reported for both instruments.
Spatial and temporal variability of sediment accumulation rates on two tidal flats in Lister Dyb tidal basin, Wadden Sea, Denmark
Authors: Madsen Anni T. , Murray Andrew S. , Andersen Thorbjørn J. , Pejrup Morten 
Published: May 2010

AbstractDepositional processes in intertidal areas are determined both by changes in sea‐level and sediment supply. It is known on a millennial timescale that sedimentation normally keeps pace with sea‐level rise in a subsiding tidal basin. However, little is known about whether the sedimentation can keep pace with the rapid sea‐level fluctuations that may occur on decadal or centurial timescales. Here, the sediment accumulation rates on two tidal flats in the Lister Dyb tidal basin (Wadden Sea, Denmark) are quantified in time and space in order to understand the interaction between changes in sea‐level and sediment supply. Absolute chronologies, obtained using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and radiocarbon dating (14C), are presented from seven sediment cores. Forty‐seven OSL ages, ranging between 6 ± 1 and 12 600 ± 900 years, were obtained. Six independent 14C age‐estimates, ranging between 3800 ± 100 and 5620 ± 30 cal. BP, support the OSL chronology. The absolute chronology allowed a description of the spatial and temporal variability of intertidal sediment accumulation rates across an aggrading tidal lagoon. On the mudflat in the western and sheltered part of the lagoon the intertidal sedimentation has followed the rate of relative sea‐level rise, at least over the last ∼2000 years, whereas the trends in sediment accumulation rates on the sandy tidal flat in the eastern and exposed part of the lagoon are less clear. Here, there is large variability in sediment accumulation rates and there may be patchy areas of erosion and accumulation. We conclude, however, that sediment accumulation on the two tidal flats in Lister Dyb tidal basin generally has kept pace with the rising sea‐level. This conclusion seems to apply over the last few centuries and is generally true over the last few millennia. Furthermore, we conclude that sheltered mudflats appear to give the best description of how intertidal sedimentation responds to sea‐level fluctuations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phytotoxicity assay for seed production using Brassica rapa L.
Authors: Olszyk David , Pfleeger Thomas , Lee E. Henry , Plocher Milton 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Although pesticide drift can affect crop yield adversely, current plant testing protocols emphasize only the potential impacts on vegetative plant growth. The present study was conducted to determine whether a plant species with a short life cycle, such as Brassica rapa L. Wisconsin Fast Plants®, can be used to indicate potential effects on seed production of herbicides applied at relatively low levels (e.g., low field application rates [FAR]). The effects of ≤0.1 × FAR of aminopyralid, cloransulam, glyphosate, primisulfuron, or sulfometuron applied 14 d after emergence (DAE), were evaluated for B. rapa grown in mineral soil in pots under greenhouse conditions. Effects were expressed as the effective concentration of the herbicide producing a 25% reduction in a response (EC25) based on nonlinear regression. Brassica rapa seed dry weight was reduced by sulfometuron at an EC25 of 0.00014 × a field application rate (FAR) of 53 g active ingredient (a.i.) ha−1, primisulfuron at 0.008 (experiment 1) or 0.0050 (experiment 2) × FAR of 40 g a.i. ha−1, cloransulam at 0.022 × FAR of 18 g a.i. ha−1, glyphosate at 0.0399 × FAR of 834 g a.i. ha−1, and by aminopyralid at 0.005 × FAR of 123 g a.i. ha−1, but only for 1 of 2 experiments. Reduced seed production occurred at less than the FAR that reduced shoot dry weight with sulfometuron and primisulfuron, whereas neither aminopyralid, cloransulam, nor glyphosate affected shoot dry weight. A short life cycle form of B. rapa could be used to indicate reduced seed production with plants grown only 1 week longer (∼35 DAE) than as the current vegetative vigor test for nontarget herbicide effects on plants. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2010;6:725–734. © 2010 SETAC
Synthesis and applications of some new antioxidant and anticorrosive additives for Egyptian diesel motor oils
Authors: Hassan H. M. , Amer F. A. , Moawad Evelin B. , Shaker Noha 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPyrimidine‐5‐carboxylate derivative Ia was utilised as a key intermediate for the synthesis of new pyrimidine derivatives. Thiopyrimidine derivative Ia undergo N‐methylation using methyl iodide afforded III. Methylsulfanyl moiety in II was easily removed when reacted with phenyl hydrazine and thiosemicarbazide afforded pyrimidine derivatives IV and VI, respectively. The reaction on nitrogen atom in Ia using 1,3‐dibromo‐propane, benzoyl chloride, phosphorous oxychloride afforded VIII, IX and X, respectively. The reaction using 1,3‐dibromo‐propane or 1,2‐dibromo‐ethane furnished the formation of the corresponding fused cycles containing sulfur. Representative compounds of the synthesised products were evaluated as antioxidant and corrosion inhibitors for gasoline lube oils. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tribological properties of a‐CNx coatings sliding against SiC balls in ethylene glycol aqueous solution
Authors: Zhou Fei , Yue Bin , Wang Qianzhi , Wang Xiaolei , Koshi Adachi , Kato Koji 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAmorphous carbon nitride(a‐CNx) coatings were deposited on SiC disks by using ion beam assisted deposition, and their bonding structure and hardness were determined using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and nano‐indenter, respectively. The contact angles on the surface of the a‐CNx coatings were measured with contact angle meter. The friction and wear behaviours of the a‐CNx/SiC tribopairs in ethylene glycol aqueous solution were investigated with ball‐on‐disk tribometer. The results indicated that the a‐CNx coatings contained 12at. % nitrogen and their bonding structure consisted of sp2C=N/C=C and sp3C–N bonds. The static contact angles on the a‐CNx coatings decreased with the ethylene glycol concentration. The lowest coefficient of friction of 0.019 was acquired as the ethylene glycol concentration was 10vol. %. When the ethylene glycol concentration increased, the specific wear rate of the SiC ball fluctuated in the range of 5.9 × 10−10∼1.1 × 10−9 mm3 Nm−1, while that of a‐CNx coatings varied in the range of 3.3 × 10−8∼7.8 × 10−8 mm3 Nm−1. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Organische Chemie 1999
Authors: John Ullrich 
Published: May 2010

AbstractStereoselektive Dominoprozesse, rationales Liganden‐und Katalysatordesign für Metathesen und Kreuzkupplungen, Supermoleküle, die immer mehr ihren natürlichen Vorbildern ähneln, polymergestützte kombinatorische Synthesen in Lösung, neuronale Netzwerke zur Drug‐Erkennung ‐ dies sind nur einige der Stichworte, die die aktuelle Organische Chemie prägen.
Physikalische Chemie 1999
Authors: Suhm Martin , Suhm Martin , Elsässer Thomas , Dahint Reiner , Zharnikov Michael , Himmelhaus Michael , Gölzhäuser Armin , Wintterlin Joost 
Published: May 2010

AbstractDie Spektroskopie von isolierten Clustern hilft beim Verständnis komplexer Vorgänge in kondensierten Phasen. Diese Zustandsform der Materie wird auch immer mehr Untersuchungsgegenstand der Ultrakurzzeitspektroskopie. Die biochemische Mikrostrukturierung von Oberflächen hat stark an Bedeutung gewonnen. Mit Rastersondentechniken werden einzelne Atome und Moleküle gezielt manipuliert.
Lebensmittelchemie 1999
Authors: Humpf Hans–Ulrich , Schwack Wolfgang 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAus den vielfältigen Themenkomplexen der Kontaminanten und Rückstände konzentriert sich der Überblick auf Mykotoxine und Pflanzenschutzmittel. Mykotoxine als klassische Lebensmittel–kontaminanten wurden in den vergangenen Jahren in einer wachsenden Anzahl verschiedenster Lebensmittel nachgewiesen. Rückstände von Pflanzenschutzmitteln bleiben ein konstant aktuelles Thema; deren Analytik bleibt insbesondere durch die Einführung neuer Methoden spannend.
Technische Chemie 1999
Authors: Jess Andreas , Leuchtenberger Wolfgang , Reschetilowski Wladimir , Wasserscheid Peter 
Published: May 2010

AbstractInterdisziplinarität und Komplexität prägen die Technische Chemie immer stärker. Themen der Katalyse sind kombinatorische Methoden, neue Trägermaterialien und die homogene Zweiphasenkatalyse. Impulse für die Reaktionstechnik kamen unter anderem aus der Weiterentwicklung multifunktionaler Reaktoren und durch den Einsatz überkritischer Fluide. Schonung der Ressourcen und der Umweltschutz stehen im Mittelpunkt, wenn es urn neue Verfahren geht.
Wie US‐Amerikaner sich an deutschen Firmen beteiligen
Authors: Guggolz Ernst 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWer in den USA Aktien ausländischer Firmen kaufen möchte, hat Schwierigkeiten, wenn diese Unternehmen nicht an der Börse gehandelt werden. Das ASD ‐ American Depositary Receipt ‐ macht den Weg frei.
Biofilme ‐ das Leben am Rande der Wasserphase
Authors: Flemming Hans‐Curt 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAlles Wasser ist von Grenzflächen umgeben. Dort siedeln sich Mikroorganismen an und führen ein reges Leben in Form von Biofilmen. Hier sind sie geschützt vor Bioziden, werden mit Nährstoffen versorgt und können stabile, synergistische Konsortien bilden. Biofilme sind der erste Entwurf der Evolution zu multizellulären Organismen.
Fullerene ‐ außen und innen neu
Authors: Krätschmer Wolfgang 
Published: May 2010

AbstractDaß Kohlenstoff nicht nur schwarz, sondern auch farbig ist, haben Fullerene längst unter Beweis gestellt. Jetzt wird es in der Fullerenforschung noch bunter: Die Isolierte–Fünfring–Regel wackelt, im Inneren der Kohlenstoffkäfige wird es strukturell immer vielfältiger, und das gute alte C60 bekommt kleine Geschwister.
Kombinatorische Ansätze zu molekularen Rezeptoren für die Chemosensorik
Authors: Tünnemann Rolf , Jung Günther 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWirkstoffe, ja, aber auch Rezeptormoleküle für Sensorbeschichtungen: Wer kreativ mit Methoden der Kombinatorischen Chemie umgeht, eröffnet neue Anwendungsfelder.
Vitamin E: Schutz für Haut und Haar
Authors: Kerk Andrea 
Published: May 2010

AbstractVitamin E schützt die roten Blutkörperchen, die Muskulatur und andere Gewebe sowie lebenswichtige Fettsäuren und Vitamin A im Körper vor Zerstörung durch Radikale. Deswegen nutzen es Mediziner, Kosmetiker und Tierzüchter.