bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adolescents’ self‐reported suicide attempts, self‐harm thoughts and their correlates across 17 European countries
Authors: Kokkevi A. , Rotsika V. , Arapaki A. , Richardson C. 
Published: September 2011

Background:  Suicide is a leading cause of death among adolescents in Europe. Self‐harm thoughts and behaviours are documented precursors of completed suicide. It is therefore of great importance to investigate the prevalence of suicide thoughts and attempts and their correlates, with the aim of preventing this major life‐threatening public health problem. This study provides cross‐national European data on self‐reported suicidal thoughts and attempts among adolescents.Methods:  Data were obtained from 45,806 high school students aged 15–16 years from 17 countries that participated in the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD) 2007 school survey. The standardised methods of the ESPAD survey ensure comparability across countries. Students completed an anonymous questionnaire in their classrooms. The prevalences of suicidal thoughts and attempts are reported as well as their sociodemographic and psychosocial correlates identified in logistic regression.Results:  The median prevalence of any lifetime self‐reported suicide attempt was 10.5% across the participating countries (range 4.1%–23.5%). The median of frequent self‐harm thoughts (at least five times) was 7.4% (range 2.1%–15.3%). Suicidal behaviour and thoughts had significant associations with gender, substance use, family integrity and socioeconomic status. Countries with higher prevalence of substance use tended to have a weaker association between substance use and self‐reported suicide attempts.Conclusion:  Although self‐reported self‐harm thoughts and suicide attempts vary in prevalence within Europe, there are common correlates across countries. These have an important impact on understanding the phenomenon of suicide among young people and in guiding prevention.
Annual Research Review: Hoarding disorder: potential benefits and pitfalls of a new mental disorder
Authors: Mataix‐Cols David , Pertusa Alberto 
Published: September 2011

Background:  The inclusion of a new mental disorder in the nomenclature is not a trivial matter. Many have highlighted the risks of an ever‐increasing number of mental disorders and of overpathologizing human behaviour. Given the proposed inclusion of a new hoarding disorder (HD) in DSM‐5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition), it is pertinent to discuss the potential benefits and pitfalls of such a development.Method:  In this article, we examine whether HD fits with the current DSM‐IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition) and proposed DSM‐5 definitions of ‘mental disorder’. We next discuss the potential benefits and risks of the creation of this diagnosis. Finally, we address some additional considerations that may arise when proposing a new disorder for the nomenclature and identify some of the gaps in the knowledge base.Conclusion:  HD fits the current DSM‐IV and proposed DSM‐5 definitions for a mental disorder. On balance, the potential benefits of creating the new diagnosis (e.g. identification of the majority of cases who clearly suffer and need help but are currently missed out by the existing diagnostic categories) outweigh the potential harms (e.g. pathologizing normal behaviour). Whether the criteria will need modification for their use in children/adolescents is unclear and more research is needed to address this question.
Opioid‐like antinociceptive effects of oral administration of a lectin purified from the seeds of Canavalia brasiliensis
Authors: de Freitas Pires Alana , Assreuy Ana Maria Sampaio , Lopes Érika Augusta Batista , Celedônio Natália Rocha , Soares Carlos Eduardo Alves , Rodrigues Natália Velloso Fontenelle Camelo , Sousa Paloma Leão , Benevides Raquel Guimarães , Nagano Celso Shiniti , Cavada Benildo Sousa , Leal‐Cardoso José Henrique , Coelho‐de‐Souza Andrelina Noronha , Santos Cláudia Ferreira 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the antinociceptive effects of a lectin from Canavalia brasiliensis (ConBr) when administered orally to murine models of chemical and thermal nociception. ConBr up to 100 mg/kg produced significant and dose‐dependent antinociceptive effects: 81% reduction in abdominal writhing induced by 0.6% acetic acid; 26 and 52% reduction in early‐ and late‐stage paw licking, respectively, induced by 2.5% formalin; and 155% increase in reaction latency (heightened thermal pain threshold). In all models, the antinociceptive effect was reversed by the lectin‐binding carbohydrate α‐d‐methyl‐mannoside and by the nonselective opioid antagonist naloxone. The antinociceptive effect observed in the formalin test was inhibited by the δ‐selective antagonist naltrindole and the κ‐selective antagonist nor‐binaltorphimine but not by the μ‐selective antagonist cyprodime. In conclusion, when administered orally to Swiss mice, the ConBr lectin displayed antinociceptive activity, both peripheral and central, mediated by the opioid system and involving δ‐and κ‐receptors and the lectin domain.
Patterns of prescription drug use and incidence of drug–drug interactions in patients reporting to medical emergency
Authors: Dhamija Puneet , Bansal Dipika , Srinivasan Anand , Bhalla Ashish , Hota Debasish , Chakrabarti Amitava 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPharmaco‐epidemiological studies detailing prescribing patterns of physicians are very few from developing countries. The present study describes the patterns of prescription of drugs by physicians working in different clinical settings in India and explores using the prescriptions the incidence of potential drug–drug interactions (DDI). This study was a cross‐sectional observational study. The prescriptions of patients for any chronic medical condition and drug therapy received at the first point of contact with health care services for present medical emergency were analyzed for information. The prescriptions were also analyzed for potential DDI. Data were expressed as mean ± SD or median and inter‐quartile range. Multiple logistic regression was used for variables likely to be associated with incidence of DDI. Of total 710 patients, 565 prescriptions were available for analysis. Of the chronic diseases, hypertension (17.7%) and diabetes mellitus (16.8%) were the commonest. Alcoholic liver disease had maximum average number of drugs prescribed (3.9). Supplements were the most commonly prescribed pharmacological agents for chronic disease (142/796). Patients in 35–50 years of age consumed maximum average number of drugs (1.9). Antibiotics were the most frequently prescribed agents (148/1240) followed by supplements (122/1240). We noted 296 mild and moderate potential DDI. Literacy of patients and polypharmacy were the factors associated significantly with DDI. Patients in India do not consume large number of allopathic medicines. The practice of prescribing supplements and antibiotics needs to be reviewed. Potential DDI are not an important problem. Prescription policies need significant revision.
Synthesis and Characterization of Iron‐Doped ZrSiO4 Solid Solutions from Gels
Authors: Herrera G. , Montoya N. , Alarcón J. 
Published: September 2011

The mechanism of formation and the structural features of tetragonal Fe–ZrO2‐amorphous silica composites and particulated Fe‐doped ZrSiO4 solid solutions were studied. A series of specimens with compositions Fex–ZrSiO4, 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.10 were prepared by sol–gel techniques and thermally annealed over the range of temperature between 400°C and 1600°C. Results confirmed the formation of tetragonal Fe–ZrO2 solid solution as first crystalline phase on the whole process leading to Fe‐doped ZrSiO4 solid solution. The annealing temperature for the preparation of Fe‐containing ZrSiO4 solid solutions was dependent on the nominal amount of iron. The Fex–ZrSiO4 solid solutions, with 0.02 < x < 0.08, were almost monophasic at 1100°C. The results of lattice parameter variation, energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) and diffuse reflectance (DR), showed that in the as‐prepared samples, Fe3+ cations entered into the zircon structure being located mainly in tetrahedral sites replacing Si4+. The solubility limit of Fe3+ in ZrSiO4 at 1100°C was in the range 0.07–0.1 mol of iron per mol of zircon (approximately 3–4 wt% as Fe2O3). This study opens new perspectives to the development of more ecological colored zircon‐based solid solution materials using mineralizer‐free synthetic procedures.
The 1.2 and 2.0 μm Emission from Ho3+ in Glass Ceramics Containing BaF2 Nanocrystals
Authors: Zhang Wei‐Juan , Chen Qin‐Jun , Qian Qi , Zhang Qin‐Yuan 
Published: September 2011

Ho31 and/or Yb31 doped glass ceramics containing spherical BaF2 nanocrystals sized 10–20 nm were prepared by melt quenching and subsequent thermal treatment. Radiative properties such as transition probabilities (A), radiative lifetimes (τ), branching ratios (β) along with absorption and emission cross sections have been calculated from the absorption spectra. Upon 637 nm excitation, Ho31‐doped glass ceramics yield an intense infrared emission at 1191 nm with a full‐width at half‐maximum of 80 nm and weaker emissions at 980 and 1473 nm. Efficient 1.2 and 2.0 μm infrared emissions have been achieved in Ho31/Yb31 co‐doped glass ceramics under 980 nm excitation, demonstrating the occurrence of energy transfer (ET) from Yb31 to Ho31. The microscopic parameters of the ET processes between Yb31 and Ho31 have been evaluated, revealing that the forward ET Yb31 → Ho31 is more efficient than the backward one and both the processes are mainly assisted by one‐phonon emission (annihilation).
Effect of Eu Doping on the Electrical Properties and Energy Storage Performance of PbZrO3 Antiferroelectric Thin Films
Authors: Ye Mao , Sun Qiu , Chen Xiangqun , Jiang Zhaohua , Wang Fuping 
Published: September 2011

Undoped and Eu‐doped (1, 3 and 5 mol%) PbZrO3 (PZ) antiferroelectric (AFE) thin films have been deposited on Pt (111)/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates by a sol–gel method. The effect of Eu doping on phase transformation and energy storage performance of PZ thin films have been investigated in detail. It has been seen that on extent of Eu dopant the Curie temperature and electric field‐induced phase transformation can be altered. The energy storage properties have been found to be strongly dependent on Eu doping content. With the increase of Eu contents, recoverable energy storage density has been enhanced followed by their subsequent reduction. A maximum energy density (~18.8 J/cm3 at ~900 kV/cm) and minimum energy loss (~7.3 J/cm3) have been achieved on 3 mol% Eu‐doped PZ thin films.
Mechanochemical Processing of Nanocrystalline Zirconium Diboride Powder
Authors: Guo Shuqi , Hu Chunfeng , Kagawa Yutaka 
Published: September 2011

Nanocrystalline ZrB2 powder was prepared by mechanochemical processing of a zirconium (II) dihydride–boron mixture with subsequent annealing from 800°C to 1200°C. The crystallite size and morphology of the synthesized ZrB2 powders were characterized by X‐ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The effects of annealing temperature on powder particle size and morphology were assessed. At 900°C or above, pure ZrB2 powder was obtained without trace quantities of residual ZrH2. The synthesized ZrB2 powder particles were spherically shaped, with a crystallite size between 5 and 40 nm. The crystallite size increased with increase of annealing temperature.
Combined ultrasound and biochemistry for risk evaluation in the first trimester
Authors: CONNER PETER , WESTGREN MAGNUS , MARSK ANNA , GUSTAFSSON SVEN , KUBLICKAS MARIUS 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjective. To evaluate the performance of a new first trimester web‐based software for the detection of chromosomal anomalies using a combination of ultrasound and biochemistry. Design. Registry‐based cohort study. Setting. Ultrasound units in the Stockholm region. Population. 20 710 women with singleton pregnancies were examined at 11+0 to 13+6 weeks’ gestational age during a three‐year period 2006–2009. Methods. The risks for trisomy 21, 13 and 18 were calculated using a combination of maternal age, serum markers and nuchal translucency. Individual risk estimates were calculated and then reported to a web‐based system using a new algorithm based on likelihood ratios of each marker derived from Gaussian distributions in normal and affected pregnancies. Main outcome measures. The impact on rates of invasive testing and the incidence of children born with Down's syndrome after implementing the method. Results. Approximately a third of all pregnant women in the region were examined with the combined test. The detection and test positive rates for Down's syndrome was 90 and 6.8%, respectively. Invasive testing among pregnant women decreased from 15 to 8% after introducing the method but the incidence of children born with Down's syndrome did not decrease during the study period. Conclusion. The new web‐based software is an effective method for the detection of trisomy 21 with similar performance compared to other programs. However, it needs to be offered to all pregnant women to have an impact on the incidence of Down's syndrome.
Reliability and fatigue failure modes of implant‐supported aluminum‐oxide fixed dental prostheses
Authors: Stappert Christian F. J. , Baldassarri Marta , Zhang Yu , Hänssler Felix , Rekow Elizabeth D. , Van P. Thompson  
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate failure modes and reliability of implant‐supported aluminum‐oxide three‐unit fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) using two different veneering porcelains.Material and methodsThirty‐six aluminum‐oxide FDP frameworks were computer‐aided designed and computer‐aided manufactured and either hand‐veneered(n = 18) or over‐pressed(n = 18). All FDPs were adhesively luted to custom‐made zirconium‐oxide‐abutments attached to dental implant fixtures (regular platform 4 × 13 mm). Specimens were stored in water before mechanical testing. A step‐stress accelerated life test (SSALT) with three load/cycles varying profiles was developed based on initial single‐load‐to‐failure testing. Failure was defined by veneer chipping or chipping in combination with framework fracture. SSALT was performed on each FDP inclined 30° with respect to the applied load direction. For all specimens, failure modes were analyzed using polarized reflected light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Reliability was computed using Weibull analysis software (Reliasoft).ResultsThe dominant failure mode for the over‐pressed FDPs was buccal chipping of the porcelain in the loading area of the pontic, while hand‐veneered specimens failed mainly by combined failure modes in the veneering porcelain, framework, and abutments. Chipping of the porcelain occurred earlier in the over‐pressed specimens (350 N/85 k, load/cycles) than in the hand‐veneered ones (600 N/110 k) (profile I). Given a mission at 300 N load and 100 or 200 k cycles, the computed Weibull reliability (two‐sided at 90% confidence bounds) was 0.99(1/0.98) and 0.99(1/0.98) for hand‐veneered FDPs and 0.45(0.76/0.10) and 0.05(0.63/0) for over‐pressed FDPs, respectively.ConclusionsIn the range of average clinical loads (300–700 N), hand‐veneered aluminum‐oxide FDPs showed significantly less failure by chipping of the veneer than the over‐pressed. Hand‐veneered FDPs under fatigue loading failed at loads ≥600 N.
Melatonin and serotonin profiles in beans of Coffea species
Authors: Ramakrishna Akula , Giridhar Parvatam , Sankar Kadimi Udaya , Ravishankar Gokare Aswathanarayana 
Published: September 2011

Abstract:  A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and an electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC/ESI‐MS) methods were applied to quantify the profiles of melatonin and serotonin (5‐HT) in green and roasted beans of Coffea canephora (robusta) and Coffea arabica (arabica). Both melatonin and 5‐HT were detected in green coffee beans (5.8 ± 0.8 μg/g dry weight (DW), 10.5 ± 0.6 μg/g DW) and also in roasted beans of C. canephora (8.0 ± 0.9 μg/g DW, 7.3 ± 0.5 μg/g DW). Melatonin (3.0 ± 0.6 μg/50 mL) and 5‐HT (4.0 ± 0.7 μg/50 mL) were detected in coffee brew. In C. arabica, 5‐HT was high in green beans (12.5 ± 0.8 μg/g DW) compared with roasted beans (8.7 ± 0.4). The levels of melatonin were higher (9.6 ± 0.8 μg/g DW) in roasted beans compared with green beans (6.8 ± 0.4 μg/g DW). Both melatonin (3.9 ± 0.2 μg/50 mL) and 5‐HT (7.3 ± 0.6 μg/50 mL) were detected in coffee brew. Because of the relevance of indoleamines as bioactive molecules with implications for food, nutritional sciences and human health, it was of interest to explore their levels in coffee, an important universal beverage.
Ageing in place: Implications of morbidity patterns among older persons – findings from a cross‐sectional study in a developing country (Jamaica)
Authors: James Kenneth , Holder‐Nevins Desmalee , Morris Chloe , Eldemire‐Shearer Denise , Powell Jeneva , Laws Hazel 
Published: September 2011

Aim:  This paper describes morbidity patterns among older people, relevant health‐care resources in a localised population in a developing country (Jamaica) and implications for ageing in place in the community.Methods:  Local morbidity patterns among older people were determined in Jamaica from a 2007 cross‐sectional study involving record searches at major hospitals and clinics. Age‐specific morbidity distributions were compiled. Data on health‐care staff complement were also collected.Results:  Non‐communicable diseases predominate in older people in Jamaica; 50% of diagnoses related to cardiovascular disorders and diabetes. Staff‐to‐population ratios were low compared with other international data.Conclusion:  A high prevalence of non‐communicable disease coupled with inadequate staffing threatens the likelihood of ageing in place in the Jamaican community. Secondary prevention efforts and social support services which enhance ageing in place are needed.
Sex Hormone Levels, Genetic Androgen Receptor Polymorphism, and Anxiety in ≥50-Year-Old Males
Authors: Schneider Gudrun , Nienhaus Kathrin , Gromoll Jörg , Heuft Gereon , Nieschlag Eberhard , Zitzmann Michael 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACT

Introduction
While associations between somatic changes and sex hormone levels in aging men have been explored in many studies, the association of testosterone and estradiol with psychic symptoms other than depression and the role of the genetically determined CAG repeat (CAGn) polymorphism of the androgen receptor (AR) have received much less attention.

Aim
The purpose of this article is to investigate the associations between general anxiety, phobic anxiety and panic with sex hormone levels and the genetic androgen receptor polymorphism in aging males.

Methods
This cross-sectional study of males aged ≥50 years included 120 consecutive patients of the Department of Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, 76 consecutive patients of the Andrology Clinic, and 100 participants from the general population; all of them completed the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), the Aging Males’ Symptoms (AMS) Scale, and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Morning blood samples were analyzed for total and free testosterone, estradiol, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and the CAGn AR polymorphism. Psychosomatic patients also underwent psychiatric assessment.

Main Outcome Measures
Scores on the Anxiety subscales of the BSI and PHQ, Anxiety disorders according to International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10).

Results
The two clinical samples had significantly longer CAGn of the AR and higher anxiety levels compared to the population sample. Anxiety scores were positively correlated with CAGn in psychosomatic patients and in andrological patients, in the latter also with estradiol levels, while the population sample showed no significant correlations between anxiety scores, CAGn and sex hormones. Anxiety cases according to BSI, PHQ, and ICD-10 had significantly longer CAGn of the AR when compared to the other participants, but there were no significant differences in testosterone or free testosterone levels.

Conclusions
Our results indicate that genetically determined long CAGn of the AR is an independent risk factor for higher anxiety, panic and phobic anxiety levels.
Primary Palliative Care Clinic Pilot Project demonstrates benefits of a nurse practitioner‐directed clinic providing primary and palliative care
Authors: Owens Darrell , Eby Kerry , Burson Sean , Green Meghan , McGoodwin Wendy , Isaac Margaret 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPurpose: The purpose of the Primary Palliative Care Pilot Project was to determine if patients with a life‐limiting illness who receive their primary care and palliative care from a consistent provider via a nurse practitioner (NP)‐founded and‐directed Primary Palliative Care Clinic at a public hospital would have improved symptom management and decreased emergency department utilization over time.Data sources: All patients followed in the Harborview Primary Palliative Care Clinic from January to March 2010.Conclusions: The results of this project demonstrate that patients with a life‐limiting illness who receive their primary care and palliative care in an NP‐founded and ‐directed Primary Palliative Care Clinic have decreased utilization of the emergency department, and some experience improvement in symptom assessment scores.Implications for practice: Palliative care providers and administrators should explore opportunities to expand outpatient palliative care clinics with an emphasis on primary care and continuity of care. NPs by experience and education are ideally suited to manage both primary and palliative care needs for people at the end of life.
Catastrophic scapular fractures in Californian racehorses: Pathology, morphometry and bone density
Authors: VALLANCE S. A. , SPRIET M. , STOVER S. M. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryReasons for performing study:To enhance understanding of the nature and pathogenesis of scapular fractures in racehorses.Hypothesis:Scapular fractures in racehorses have a consistent configuration related to sites of pre‐existing stress modelling and remodelling.Methods:Fractured and intact scapulae collectedpost mortemwere examined visually and with computed tomography (CT). Scapular fracture configuration, bone modelling changes and standardised CT morphometry and density measurements were recorded. Statistical comparisons were made between fractured, nonfractured contralateral and control scapulae.Results:Thirty‐nine scapulae from 10 Thoroughbred (TB) and 10 Quarter Horse (QH) racehorses were obtained. All 14 fractured scapulae (from 12 horses) had a consistent comminuted fracture configuration. A complete fracture coursed transversely through the neck of the scapula at the level of the distal aspect of the spine (8.9 ± 0.9 cm proximal to the lateral articular margin of the glenoid cavity). The distal fragment of 13 fractured scapulae was split into 2 major fragments by a fracture in the frontal plane that entered the glenoid cavity (2.8 ± 0.4 cm caudal to the cranial articular margin). Focal areas of periosteal proliferation and/or radiolucency were present in the distal aspect of the scapular spine of all fractured and intact contralateral scapulae, but less commonly (P<0.01) in intact scapula from horses without a scapular fracture. Fractured scapulae had 7–10% lower mean density and 46–104% greater density heterogeneity in the spine adjacent to the transverse fracture compared to control scapulae (P<0.03).Conclusions and clinical relevance:Thoroughbred and QH racehorses have a characteristic scapular fracture configuration that is associated with pre‐existing pathology of the distal aspect of the spine. This location is consistent with scapular stress fractures diagnosed in lame TB racehorses. Catastrophic fracture is the acute manifestation of a more chronic process. Consequently, there are opportunities for early detection and prevention of fatalities.