bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of central composite design for the optimization of photo-destruction of a textile dye using UV/S2O8
2- process
Authors: Khataee A. 
Published: January 2010

Application of central composite design for the optimization of photo-destruction of a textile dye using UV/S2O8
2- process
The photooxidative destruction of C. I. Basic Red 46 (BR46) by UV/S2O8
2- process is presented. Central Composite Design (CCD) was employed to optimize the effects of operational parameters on the photooxidative destruction efficiency. The variables investigated were the initial dye and S2O8
2- concentrations, reaction time and distance of the solution from UV lamp. The predicted values of the photodestruction efficiency were found to be in good agreement with the experimental values (R2 = 0.9810, Adjusted R2 = 0.9643). The results of the optimization predicted by the model showed that the maximum decolorization efficiency (>98%) was achieved at the optimum conditions of the reaction time 10 min, initial dye concentration 10 mg/l, initial peroxydisulfate concentration 1.5 mmol/l and distance of UV lamp from the solution 6 cm. The figure-of-merit electrical energy per order (EEo) was employed to estimate the electrical energy consumption and related treatment costs.
Effect of Increased Copper Concentrations on Deformations of the Regenerates of Carrot Obtained from Androgenetic Embryos
Authors: Kowalska Urszula , Górecki Ryszard , Janas Krystyna , Górecka Krystyna 
Published: January 2010

Effect of Increased Copper Concentrations on Deformations of the Regenerates of Carrot Obtained from Androgenetic Embryos
The experiment aimed at determining the effect of high copper concentrations on the process of regeneration of carrot plants cv. Feria F1 from androgenetic embryos. The starting material consisted of green embryos obtained in anther cultures on a medium for the induction of androgenesis. Five B5 regeneration media of Gamborg et al. (1968) containing 0.1 (control), 1, 10, 100, and 1000 μM·L-1 CuSO4·5H2O were used. The plant material was passaged onto fresh media 3 times after 4, 9, and 15 weeks from culture set-up date. During the passages, the regenerated structures were examined and categorized according to their growth, development and the course of regeneration in the in vitro culture.
The B5 regeneration medium that contained 1000 μM·L-1 CuSO4 was highly toxic for the growth and development of androgenetic embryos of carrot. The other concentrations of CuSO4 that were higher than the level of the control medium, i.e. 1, 10, and 100 μM·L-1, had a negative effect on the regeneration from androgenetic embryos of carrot in the second and third passages (after 9 and 15 weeks). They caused deformations of the leaves and the formation of an abnormal callus heel between the above-ground part and the root.
The Influence of Seedlings Age and Pots Size on Growth and Yielding of Chinese Cabbage in Spring and Autumn Cultivation
Authors: Krężel Jan , Kołota Eugeniusz 
Published: January 2010

The Influence of Seedlings Age and Pots Size on Growth and Yielding of Chinese Cabbage in Spring and Autumn Cultivation
Two parallel experiments in two factorial design using the method of random sub-blocks in four replications were conducted in 2002-2004 at the Experimental Station of the Horticulture Department of University of Environmental and Life Sciences in Wrocław. The effect of seedlings age (3, 4, 5-weekly) and diameter of pots (25, 32, 44, 55 mm) on the yield of Chinese cabbage cultivar Optiko grown in spring and autumn was evaluated. The highest marketable yield in spring and autumn during the harvest from all objects at the same time was obtained from 5-weekly seedlings grown in pots with a diameter of 55 mm. The use of younger seedlings from pots with smaller diameters was decreased the yielding of cabbage and influenced on forming the smaller heads. Spring cultivation period in comparison to autumn was allowed to obtain a higher marketable yield of Chinese cabbage with a smaller share of not fully grown head cabbage in total yield but a greater share of decay head.
The Effects of Chemical Weed Control on Quality of Transplants Produced in the Plastic Tunnel and Final Yield of Leeks
Authors: Adamczewska-Sowińska Katarzyna , Kołota Eugeniusz 
Published: January 2010

The Effects of Chemical Weed Control on Quality of Transplants Produced in the Plastic Tunnel and Final Yield of Leeks
In 2006-2008 there was conducted a study to determine the suitability of pendimethalin (Stomp 330 EC), glyphosate (Roundup 360 SL) and mixture of propachlor and glyphosate (Ramrod Flo 480 SC and Roundup 360 SL) as pre emergence herbicides in leek seedlings raising, and supplementary use of propachlor at the flag stage. The subject of evaluation was the efficiency of weed control, quality of transplants and finally the yield of leeks.
Results of the study indicate that the efficient method of weed control during seedlings raising of leek was pre emergence use of pendimethalin at the rate of 990 g·ha-1 after seed sowing or mixture of propachlor (3840 g·ha-1) and glyphosate (720 g·ha-1) before seed emergence. Supplementary application of propachlor at the flag stage slightly increased the efficiency of chemical weed control but did not influence on the quality of transplants and yield of the crop.
Chemical weed control did not adversely affect on the quality of seedling and yield of leek, except glyphosate which efficiency in weed control was not satisfactory. Heavy weed infestation during seedlings production diminished the quality parameters of transplants and yield of leek by 34.3%.
Effect of Nitrogen Form and Type of Polyethylene Film Covering Tunnel on Nutrient Content of Hydroponically Grown Sweet Pepper
Authors: Kowalska Iwona , Sady Włodzimierz , Leja Maria 
Published: January 2010

Effect of Nitrogen Form and Type of Polyethylene Film Covering Tunnel on Nutrient Content of Hydroponically Grown Sweet Pepper
The effect of nitrogen form (nitrate or nitrate-ammonia-amide) and a type of polyethylene film (two types, differing light transmission, light dispersion and PAR) covering a tunnel on the content of macroelements in the leaves of sweet pepper being in different stages of growth were studied. The plants were grown in rockwool slabs, using a drip fertigation system without recirculation. In each part of the tunnel there were two sets of cultivation gutters independently supplied with nutrient solution containing different forms of nitrogen: nitrate (100% N-NO3), nitrate-ammonia-amide (50% N-NO3, 13% N-NH4, 37% N-NH2).
Dry matter and mineral composition were determined in the leaves with petioles. The leaves were collected in three stages of growth, e.g. intensive vegetative growth, flowering and full fruiting.
The plants fed with nitrate N form contained more Ca and Mg, irrespective of a type of polyethylene film and stage of growth. N form had no effect on K content, except in plants being in flowering. In all stages of growth, irrespective of a type of polyethylene film, the plants fed with nitrate-ammonia-amide N form accumulated more N.
The effect of a type of polyethylene film covering a tunnel on nutritional status of the plants being in stage of intensive vegetative growth or flowering was not univocal. However, in fruiting chemical composition, except N content in year 2007, did not depend on a tunnel part.
Determination of the Optimal Nitrogen Content in a Fertigation Medium for the Greenhouse Cucumber Grown on Slabs of Compressed Straw
Authors: Babik Józef , Kowalczyk Waldemar 
Published: January 2010

Determination of the Optimal Nitrogen Content in a Fertigation Medium for the Greenhouse Cucumber Grown on Slabs of Compressed Straw
In the years 2004-2008, research work was carried out whose aim was to determine the optimal nitrogen fertilization dose for greenhouse cucumbers grown on mats made of compressed, finely shredded straw. In the experiments, the short-fruited variety of the greenhouse cucumber, Milenium F1, was used. The level of nitrogen in the nutrient solution was varied in the range of 200-350 mg·dm-3. The nitrogen content in the solution in the amount of 200 mg·dm-3 was not sufficient and caused the cucumber yield to fall. The increasing N concentrations in the medium were found to have a significant effect on the nitrogen content in the indicator parts of cucumber plants. The highest nitrogen content was found in the plants fertilized with a nutrient solution containing the highest concentration of N-NO3, which was 350 mg·dm-3. Cucumber plants grown on straw need to be more intensely fertilized with nitrogen for about 1/3 of the growing season, and then to have its level in the fertigation medium reduced for the remaining part of the cultivation period.
The Comparison of Yielding and Nutritive Value of Organic and Conventional Pepper Fruits
Authors: Szafirowska Anna , Elkner Krystyna 
Published: January 2010

The Comparison of Yielding and Nutritive Value of Organic and Conventional Pepper Fruits
During 2006-2008 in Research Institute of Vegetable Crops at Skierniewice the studies were conducted on yielding and fruit quality of pepper cultivated by organic and conventional method. Two experiments were set on the nearby organic and conventional fields. The first one was conducted on the certified organic experimental field having red clover mixed with grasses as a fore-crop. Pest and disease control was provided according to organic standards. In conventionally managed field a mineral fertilization and chemical weed, pest and disease control was used. A fore crop for conventional pepper was a mixture of cereals with papilionaceous. In both experiments two kinds of field mulching was examined using fresh cut red clover and black polypropylene flees with no mulching for the control. The contents of vitamin C, β-carotene, soluble phenols and total flavonoides in matured fruits were examined.
The results revealed an impact of cultivation method and mulching on the yield and fruit quality of sweet pepper. In the first two years the conventional method was superior in respect of the total and marketable fruit yield. In the third year significantly better yielding was obtained from organic cultivation. The plants of conventional pepper suffered from soil borne diseases while organic plants showed good health conditions. Flees mulching increased the total yield of organic pepper, but the differences were significant in the last year only. Organic fruits distinguished themselves with the higher mean fruit weight, less wastes and more intensive redness as compared to conventional fruits. Chemical analysis revealed higher content of ascorbic acid, beta carotene, soluble phenols and total flavonoides in organic pepper as compared to conventional ones. Some beneficial effect of clover mulching on the content of ascorbic acid, β-carotene and soluble phenols irrespectively on the cultivation method was observed.
However the concentration of flavonoides was higher in fruits cultivated without mulching. Both examined mulching materials decreased amount of flavonoides in fruits irrespectively on cultivation method.
Single‐Cell DNA and FISH Analysis for Application to Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis
Authors: Chong Samuel S. , Gore‐Langton Robert E. , Hughes Mark R. , Weremowicz Stanislawa 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPreimplantation genetic testing, which includes preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) and preimplantation genetic screening (PGS), is a form of a very early prenatal testing. The goal of this method is to avoid transfer of embryos affected with a specific genetic disease or condition. This unit describes the steps involved in amplifying DNA from a single blastomere and specific assays for detecting a variety of DNA mutations. For some assays, whole‐genome amplification by primer‐extension preamplification (PEP) is performed prior to analysis. Support protocols describe the biopsy of one or two blastomeres from the developing preimplantation embryo, isolation for further investigation of all blastomeres from embryos shown to have the mutant allele, and isolation of single lymphocytes or lymphoblastoid cells as models for single‐cell DNA analysis. A procedure for FISH analysis on single interphase blastomeres is provided along with support protocols for probe preparation and probe validation, which is recommended as a preliminary step before performing any PGD or PGS FISH analysis. Curr. Protoc. Hum. Genet. 64:9.10.1‐9.10.39. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Laminated Materials, Glass
Authors: Nichols R. Terrell , Sowers Robert M. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractLaminated glass has been in use since the early twentieth century, beginning with automotive applications and expanding to applications in locations where strong durable transparent panels were required and hazards to life and injury were critical. Poly(vinyl butryal) (PVB) is the main material used for interlayers with glass. Properties of laminated glass are discussed: impact strength and optical properties are the most important. Details are given on the manufacture of windshields. Specifications and analytical methods are discussed. Present uses of laminated glass are in the automotive industry as windshields and acoustic glazings for green vehicles, in aircraft windshields, building materials, and in photovoltaic products.
Photoemission and Photoelectron Spectroscopy
Authors: Himpsel Franz J. , Lindau Ingolf 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis chapter addresses the applications of photoelectron spectroscopy in atomic and molecular physics, solid state physics, surface science, and materials science. First, the theoretical underpinnings are outlined. Subsequently, the advances in light sources and detectors, such as synchrotron radiation from undulators, UV lasers, efficient multidetection of energy and momentum, and high‐resolution zero kinetic energy electron detection, are discussed. The remainder is dedicated to a variety of case studies that illustrate the wide range of techniques and applications. The generic methods are photoelectron spectroscopy of core‐levels (X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) or electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA)), photoelectron spectroscopy of valence electrons (ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) and angle‐resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES)), and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy with electron detection for probing unoccupied molecular orbitals and magnetism (X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), near edge X‐ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), and magnetic circular dichroism (MCD)). Among the special applications are spectro‐microscopy with chemical sensitivity, mapping of the electronic states near the Fermi level that are relevant to magnetism and superconductivity, and finding the electronic states of surfaces and nanostructures.
Colorimetry
Authors: Marcus Robert T. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
We live in a very colorful world. Modern materials provide us with products in a multitude of colors that could only have been dreamt of in the past. Scientist and technicians use colorimetry, the measurement of color, to ensure that consumers get the colors that they are expecting to get consistently over time. In colorimetry, we try to simulate the human experience to quantify and control color. Color perception depends upon the light source illuminating an object, the pigments and dyes used in manufacturing the object, the eye of the observer whose impulses are translated by the brain as a color. To simulate color perception, standardized illuminants (mathematical light sources) were defined and color‐matching functions (simulating the eye‐brain combination) were experimentally derived. Spectrophotometers are used to characterize objects. An object may absorb light, scatter and reflect light, and/or transmit light. Spectrophotometers measure the reflectance and/or transmittance of the object at given wavelengths of the visible spectrum. Perceptual color coordinates of the object can be calculated for the spectrophotometric measurements. Colorimeters determine color coordinates directly during the measurement using broadband spectral devices. Special techniques are required to measure fluorescent samples that not only reflect light but emit light. Measuring materials containing traditional colorants and metallic flakes require instruments with multiple viewing angles. Measuring materials containing interference pigments require instruments with multiple illumination angles and multiple viewing angles. Measuring lamps and other light emitters require spectral radiometers and radiometric colorimeters.
Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Gross Jürgen H. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:IntroductionConcept of Mass SpectrometryGoal of Mass SpectrometryMass Spectrometry at a GlanceAims and ScopeThe Role of Isotopes in Mass SpectrometryIsotopesAtomic Mass ScaleIsotopic PatternsAccurate MassCalculation of Atomic Weights and Molecular WeightsMass Spectrometric MethodsIonization ProcessesFormation of Positive Radical IonsElectron IonizationPhotoionizationPenning IonizationCharge TransferField IonizationFormation of Positive IonsProton TransferElectrophilic AdditionAnion AbstractionFormation of Negative Radical IonsElectron CaptureFormation of Negative IonsNucleophilic AdditionCation AbstractionIsotopic and Elemental AnalysisThermal IonizationSpark SourceGlow DischargeInductively Coupled PlasmaAccelerator Mass SpectrometryIonization of Gaseous Molecules in VacuumElectron IonizationChemical IonizationField IonizationDesorption/IonizationField DesorptionFast Atom Bombardment and Liquid Secondary Ion Mass SpectrometryLaser Desorption/IonizationMatrix‐Assisted Laser Desorption/IonizationIon Formation at Atmospheric PressureAtmospheric Pressure IonizationElectrospray IonizationAtmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization and Atmospheric Pressure PhotoionizationAtmospheric PressureMALDIDesorption ElectrosprayDirect Analysis in Real TimeActivation Methods for Tandem Mass SpectrometryAcronyms
Isolation of Amniotic Epithelial Stem Cells
Authors: Miki Toshio , Marongiu Fabio , Dorko Kenneth , Ellis Ewa C.S. , Strom Stephen C. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractMany of the cell types that can be isolated from placental tissues retain phenotypic plasticity that makes them an interesting source of cells for regenerative medicine. Several procedures for the isolation of stem cells from different parts of the placenta have been reported. This unit describes a detailed and simple protocol for the selective isolation of amniotic epithelial cells from human term placenta without disturbing the mesenchymal layer. We also introduce a simple density separation technique for the enrichment of the population for SSEA‐4 positive cells. Curr. Protoc. Stem Cell Biol. 12:1E.3.1‐1E.3.10. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
De novo 12;17 translocation upstream of SOX9 resulting in 46,XX testicular disorder of sex development
Authors: Refai Osama , Friedman Andrew , Terry Lori , Jewett Tamison , Pearlman Alexander , Perle Mary Ann , Ostrer Harry 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIndividuals with rare cytogenetic variants have contributed to our understanding of the genetics of sex development and its disorders. Here, we report on a child with a de novo 12;17 translocation, 46,XX,t(12;17)(q14.3;q24.3) chromosome complement, resulting in SRY‐negative 46,XX testicular disorder of sex development (46,XX DSD without campomelic dysplasia). The chromosome 12 breakpoint was mapped via array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) of a hybrid somatic cell line to 64.2–64.6 Mb (from the p arm telomere). The chromosome 17 breakpoint was mapped to 66.4–67.1 Mb, that is, upstream of SOX9. The location of the chromosome 17 breakpoint was refined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) at ≥776 kb upstream of SOX9. Thus, the 12;17 translocation removed part of the SOX9 cis‐regulatory region and replaced it with a regulatory element from pseudogene LOC204010 or the next gene, Deynar, of chromosome 12, potentially causing up‐regulation of the testis‐determining SOX9 gene during gonadal development and the phenotype of 46,XX testicular DSD. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A complex chromosome 7q rearrangement identified in a patient with mental retardation, anxiety disorder, and autistic features
Authors: Dauwerse Johannes G. , Ruivenkamp Claudia A. , Hansson Kerstin , Marijnissen Godfried M. , Peters Dorien J.M. , Breuning Martijn H. , Hilhorst‐Hofstee Yvonne 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe have characterized a de novo complex rearrangement of the long arm of chromosome 7 in a female patient with moderate mental retardation (MR), anxiety disorder, and autistic features. G‐banding suggested a de novo paracentric inversion 46,XX,inv(7)(q31.3q34). However, SNP‐array analysis, showed a ±10 Mb, 7q21.11–q21.3 deletion in the paternal chromosome. Subsequent FISH analysis with BAC/PAC clones in the 7q21–q35 region confirmed this deletion. However, the expected paracentric inversion turned out to be an intra‐chromosomal insertion of the 7q31.31–q35 fragment into band 7q21.3, disrupting the predicted gene C7orf58 in band 7q31.31. Seven other patients have been previously reported with a deletion of 7q21.1–q21.3. Although there is an overlap in phenotype between our patient and these patients, none of them has been described with anxiety disorder and/or autistic features. Therefore we suggest that disruption of the C7orf58 gene might contribute to the anxiety disorder, and autistic features in our patient. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Symbolization and emotional engagement in mothers' reports of child care activities
Authors: Christian Christopher , Hoffman Leon , Bucci Wilma , Crimins Michelle , Worth Michael 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis study examines differences in mothers' emotional connection to their children as represented in narratives concerning a range of everyday parenting activities and interactions. First time mothers were interviewed over a period of approximately the first two years of their children's lives, using a semi‐structured Parenting Function Interview (PFI), developed for purposes of this research. The new computerized Referential Activity (RA) measure, the Weighted Referential Activity Dictionary (WRAD), was applied to the interview transcripts. Significant differences in RA, representing differences in the symbolizing process and emotional engagement in particular parent–child activities, were found between mothers, and also according to child care topic. On average, mothers' RA was highest for topics of bathing, bedtime and pleasurable events, and lowest for angry and difficult moments. Themes of feeding were relatively low in RA for three of the four mothers, and reports of frightening events showed significantly higher RA than themes of anger for all mothers. Clinical implications of profiles of the mothers' emotional engagement in different topic areas are discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Phase Transition, Elastic Properties and Electronic Properties of Chalcopyrite CuAlX2 (X: S, Se, Te)
Authors: Abdellaoui A. , Ghaffour M. , Bouslama M. , Benalia S. , Ouerdane A. , Abidri B. , Monteil Y. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: X‐Ray/Neutron Diffraction Studies and ab initio Electronic Structure of CeMgNi4 and Its Hydride.
Authors: Roquefere Jean‐Gabriel , Matar Samir F. , Huot Jacques , Bobet Jean‐Louis 
Published: January 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.