bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Macintosh and AirtraqTM laryngoscopes in obese patients placed in the ramped position
Authors: Ranieri D. , Filho S. M. , Batista S. , do Nascimento P. 
Published: June 2012

SummaryThis study compared intubation conditions produced by the Macintosh and AirtraqTM laryngoscopes when used in obese patients in the ramped position. One hundred and thirty‐two patients having bariatric surgery were placed in the ramped position and randomly assigned to have their tracheas intubated using either the Macintosh (n = 64) or an Airtraq (n = 68) laryngoscope. Mean (SD) intubation times were 37 (23) s and 14 (3) s for Macintosh and Airtraq, respectively (p < 0.0001). Compared with the Macintosh laryngoscope, the Airtraq laryngoscope provided an improved vocal cord view as assessed by the Cormack and Lehane score (number of patients with Cormack‐Lehane scores of 1/2/3/4/37/20/4/3 for the Macintosh, and 65/3/0/0 for the Airtraq laryngoscopes, p < 0.0001). One patient in the Macintosh group had a failed intubation and intubation was achieved with the Airtraq. For obese patients in ramped position, Airtraq affords faster tracheal intubation than the Macintosh laryngoscope.
Herb–drug interactions: an overview of systematic reviews
Authors: Posadzki Paul , Watson Leala , Ernst Edzard 
Published: June 2012

OBJECTIVES The aim of this overview of systematic reviews (SRs) is to evaluate critically the evidence regarding interactions between herbal medicinal products (HMPs) and synthetic drugs.METHODS Four electronic databases were searched to identify relevant SRs.RESULTS Forty‐six SRs of 46 different HMPs met our inclusion criteria. The vast majority of SRs were of poor methodological quality. The majority of these HMPs were not associated with severe herb–drug interactions. Serious herb–drug interactions were noted for Hypericum perforatum and Viscum album. The most severe interactions resulted in transplant rejection, delayed emergence from anaesthesia, cardiovascular collapse, renal and liver toxicity, cardiotoxicity, bradycardia, hypovolaemic shock, inflammatory reactions with organ fibrosis and death. Moderately severe interactions were noted for Ginkgo biloba, Panax ginseng, Piper methysticum, Serenoa repens and Camellia sinensis. The most commonly interacting drugs were antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants.CONCLUSION The majority of the HMPs evaluated in SRs were not associated with drug interactions with serious consequences. However, the poor quality and the scarcity of the primary data prevent firm conclusions.
Guideline for the diagnosis and management of myelofibrosis
Authors: Reilly John T. , McMullin Mary Frances , Beer Philip A. , Butt Nauman , Conneally Eibhlean , Duncombe Andrew , Green Anthony R. , Michaeel N. George , Gilleece Marie H. , Hall Georgina W. , Knapper Steven , Mead Adam , Mesa Ruben A. , Sekhar Mallika , Wilkins Bridget , Harrison Claire N. ,   Writing group: British Committee for Standards in Haematology
Published: June 2012

SummaryThe guideline group regarding the diagnosis and management of myelofibrosis was selected to be representative of UK‐based medical experts, together with a contribution from a single expert from the USA. MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched systematically for publications in English from 1966 until August 2011 using a variety of key words. The writing group produced the draft guideline, which was subsequently revised by consensus of the members of the General Haematology and Haemato‐oncology Task Forces of the British Committee for Standards in Haematology (BCSH). The guideline was then reviewed by a sounding board of UK haematologists, the BCSH and the British Society for Haematology Committee and comments incorporated where appropriate. The criteria used to state levels and grades of evidence are as outlined in the Procedure for Guidelines commissioned by the BCSH; the ‘GRADE‘ system was used to score strength and quality of evidence. The objective of this guideline is to provide healthcare professionals with clear guidance on the investigation and management of primary myelofibrosis, as well as post‐polycythaemic myelofibrosis (post‐PV MF) and post‐thrombocythemic myelofibrosis (post‐ET MF) in both adult and paediatric patients.
Smoking cessation is followed by a sharp but transient rise in the incidence of overt autoimmune hypothyroidism – A population‐based, case–control study
Authors: Carlé Allan , Bülow Pedersen Inge , Knudsen Nils , Perrild Hans , Ovesen Lars , Banke Rasmussen Lone , Jørgensen Torben , Laurberg Peter 
Published: June 2012

SummaryBackgroundCurrent smoking is associated with a low prevalence of thyroid autoantibodies. On the other hand, smoking withdrawal enhances thyroid autoantibody level and may be a risk factor for the development of hypothyroidism. The aim of this study was to assess the association between smoking habits (smoking cessation in particular) and development of autoimmune hypothyroidism.DesignPopulation‐based, case–control study.ParticipantsCases (n = 140) newly diagnosed with primary autoimmune overt hypothyroidism were identified prospectively by population monitoring (2 027 208 person‐years of observation) of all thyroid function tests performed in the two well‐defined geographical areas. Individually, age‐, sex‐ and region‐matched euthyroid controls (n = 560) were simultaneously included from the same population.MeasurementsParticipants gave details on smoking habits including smoking withdrawal and other lifestyle factors. Smoking habits were verified by measuring urinary cotinine (a nicotine metabolite).ResultsIncident hypothyroidism was very common in people who had recently stopped smoking: OR vs never smokers (95%‐CI); quit smoking <1 years, 7·36 (2·27–23·9); 1‐2 years, 6·34 (2·59–15·3); 3‐10 years, 0·75 (0·30–1·87); >10 years, 0·76 (0·38–1·51). Results were consistent in both sexes and irrespective of age. Within two years after smoking cessation, the percentage of hypothyroid cases attributable to cessation of smoking was 85%. The current smoking was not associated with altered risk of developing overt hypothyroidism [OR, 0·92 (0·57–1·48)].ConclusionsThe risk of having overt autoimmune hypothyroidism diagnosed is more than 6‐fold increased the first 2 years after cessation of smoking. Clearly, smoking cessation is vital to prevent death and severe disease. However, awareness of hypothyroidism should be high in people who have recently quit smoking, and virtually any complaint should lead to thyroid function testing.
Enhancing the bond of a resin‐based sealer to root dentine
Authors: Rahimi M. , Jainaen A. , Parashos P. , Palamara J. , Messer H. H. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAimTo evaluate whether application of a total‐etch/separate adhesive layer can enhance the bond of a UDMA‐based sealer to dentine.MethodologyThe root canals of 20 decoronated maxillary premolar teeth with two canals were prepared to size 35–45, 0.04 taper using rotary NiTi instruments. The canals of each tooth were treated with application of either a total‐etch/separate adhesive or the manufacturer‐recommended primer, before root filling with sealer plus matching master cone using warm vertical compaction. After setting, roots were sectioned perpendicular to the long axis to obtain 1‐mm‐thick slices, and the root filling was subjected to the push‐out test using a plunger closely matched to canal diameter. The roots of another 15 single‐rooted premolars were sectioned in a bucco‐lingual direction, and the cut surfaces were ground flat for microshear bond strength testing. One‐half of the specimens were coated with a separate total‐etch/adhesive layer, and then, a cylinder of sealer cement 1 mm diameter × 1.5 mm high was bonded to the prepared surface of all specimens. Microshear bond strength was measured in a universal testing machine after 48 h. Data were analysed using anova and paired t‐tests, with significance set at P < 0.05.ResultsUse of a separate total‐etch/adhesive markedly increased both microshear bond strength and push‐out strengths compared with standard primer (P < 0.001).ConclusionApplication of a separate adhesive layer significantly increases bond strength of UDMA‐based sealers to root dentine.
Effect of autoclaving on the surfaces of TiN‐coated and conventional nickel–titanium rotary instruments
Authors: Spagnuolo G. , Ametrano G. , D'Antò V. , Rengo C. , Simeone M. , Riccitiello F. , Amato M. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effects of repeated autoclave sterilization cycles on surface topography of conventional nickel–titanium (
NiTi
) and titanium nitride (
TiN
)‐coated rotary instruments.MethodologyA total of 60
NiTi
rotary instruments, 30 ProTaper (Dentsply Maillefer) and 30
TiN
‐coated AlphaKite (Komet/Gebr. Brasseler), were analysed. Instruments were evaluated in the as‐received condition and after 1, 5 and 10 sterilization cycles. After sterilization, the samples were observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM), and surface chemical analysis was performed on each instrument with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS). Moreover, the samples were analysed by atomic force microscopy (AFM), and roughness average (Ra) and the root mean square value (RMS) of the scanned surface profiles were recorded. Data were analysed by means of anova followed by Tukey's test.ResultScanning electron microscope observations revealed the presence of pitting and deep milling marks in all instruments. EDS analysis confirmed that both types of instruments were composed mainly of nickel and titanium, whilst AlphaKite had additional nitride. After multiple autoclave sterilization cycles, SEM examinations revealed an increase in surface alterations, and EDS values indicated changes in chemical surface composition in all instruments. Ra and RMS values of ProTaper significantly increased after 5 (P = 0.006) and 10 cycles (P = 0.002) with respect to the as‐received instruments, whilst AlphaKite showed significant differences compared with the controls after 10 cycles (P = 0.03).ConclusionsMultiple autoclave sterilization cycles modified the surface topography and chemical composition of conventional and
TiN
‐coated
NiTi
rotary instruments.
Ultrasonic activation of internal bleaching agents
Authors: Cardoso M. , Martinelli C. S. M. , Carvalho C. A. T. , Borges A. B. , Torres C. R. G. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effectiveness of ultrasonic activation of bleaching agents during ex vivo internal bleaching.MethodologyFifty canine human teeth were artificially stained, root filled and divided into five groups (n = 10) that received SP – sodium perborate plus deionized water (control group), CP – 37% carbamide peroxide gel, CPUS – 37% carbamide peroxide gel plus ultrasonic application, HP – 35% hydrogen peroxide gel or HPUS – 35% hydrogen peroxide gel plus ultrasonic application. In groups CP and HP, the bleaching agent was left inside the pulp chamber for three applications of 10 min. In groups CPUS and HPUS, the same process was performed, but ultrasonic vibration was applied to the bleaching agent by an alloy tip for 30 s, with 30 s intervals. Two sessions were performed. The colour was measured initially and after each session by an intraoral dental spectrophotometer. The variation (Δ) of the colour parameters based on the CIELab system L*, a* and b*, and the colour alteration ΔE* were calculated after first and second section. Data were analysed by one‐way anova and Tukey's test.ResultsThere was no significant difference amongst groups for ΔL*, Δa* and ΔE*, but there was a significant difference for Δb* in the first and second sessions (P = 0.0006 and 0.0016, respectively). After the first session, Δb* was significantly greater for groups HP and HPUS, without a significant difference between them. For the second session, group HPUS had the greatest Δb* values, but they were similar to groups HP and SP; group CP had the lowest values, which were similar to groups CPUS and SP.ConclusionUltrasonic activation of bleaching agents during ex vivo internal bleaching was no more effective than conventional internal bleaching procedures, without activation.
The influence of elastic modulus mismatch between tooth and post and core restorations on root fracture
Authors: Ona M. , Wakabayashi N. , Yamazaki T. , Takaichi A. , Igarashi Y. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAimTo investigate the influence of elastic modulus mismatch between tooth and post and core restorations on mechanisms of root fracture.MethodologyThree‐dimensional mathematical models of a root filled maxillary premolar tooth with supporting periodontium were constructed. The tooth was restored with a cast Ni–Cr alloy or fibre‐reinforced composite post and core that was bonded or nonbonded to dentine. In the nonbonded simulation, a nonlinear contact analysis was executed to simulate a friction and a potential sliding phenomenon in the interface between tooth and post and core. Risks of root fracture and debonding at the bonded interface were estimated based on the principal stress of the root and the shear stress on the interface, respectively.ResultsThe fracture risk of the bonded cast post and core was lower than that of the composite post and core, although the cast restoration exhibited eight times greater stress than the composite. The risk of root fracture based on the tensile stress of the tooth structures was higher with the bonded composite post and core than that with the cast post and core. These stresses doubled when the restorations were not bonded to the tooth structures. The risk of debonding of the cast post and core based on the shear stress was approximately twice that of the composite post and core.ConclusionsThe elastic modulus mismatch appears to be a factor responsible for the debonding of post and cores from root canals, with the potential to increase the risk of root fracture indirectly.
Conservation of thiol‐oxidative stress responses regulated by SigR orthologues in actinomycetes
Authors: Kim Min‐Sik , Dufour Yann S. , Yoo Ji Sun , Cho Yoo‐Bok , Park Joo‐Hong , Nam Gi‐Baeg , Kim Hae Min , Lee Kang‐Lok , Donohue Timothy J. , Roe Jung‐Hye 
Published: June 2012

SummaryNumerous thiol‐reactive compounds cause oxidative stress where cells counteract by activation of survival strategies regulated by thiol‐based sensors. In Streptomyces coelicolor, a model actinomycete, a sigma/antisigma pair SigR/RsrA controls the response to thiol‐oxidative stress. To unravel its full physiological functions, chromatin immuno‐precipitation combined with sequence and transcript analyses were employed to identify 108 SigR target genes in S. coelicolor and to predict orthologous regulons across actinomycetes. In addition to reported genes for thiol homeostasis, protein degradation and ribosome modulation, 64 additional operons were identified suggesting new functions of this global regulator. We demonstrate that SigR maintains the level and activity of the housekeeping sigma factor HrdB during thiol‐oxidative stress, a novel strategy for stress responses. We also found that SigR defends cells against UV and thiol‐reactive damages, in which repair UvrA takes a part. Using a refined SigR‐binding sequence model, SigR orthologues and their targets were predicted in 42 actinomycetes. This revealed a conserved core set of SigR targets to function for thiol homeostasis, protein quality control, possible modulation of transcription and translation, flavin‐mediated redox reactions, and Fe‐S delivery. The composition of the SigR regulon reveals a robust conserved physiological mechanism to deal with thiol‐oxidative stress from bacteria to human.
Platelet‐derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα)‐expressing “fibroblast‐like cells” in diabetic and idiopathic gastroparesis of humans
Authors: Grover M. , Bernard C. E. , Pasricha P. J. , Parkman H. P. , Abell T. L. , Nguyen L. A. , Snape W. , Shen K. R. , Sarr M. , Swain J. , Kendrick M. , Gibbons S. , Ordog T. , Farrugia G. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackground  Emerging evidence suggests that “fibroblast‐like cells” (FLC) may play a role in the regulation of gastrointestinal (GI) motor function. FLC are ultrastructurally distinct from other interstitial cells, including interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), and express small‐conductance Ca2+‐activated K+ channels (SK3). In mice, platelet‐derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα) antibody has also been shown to label FLC. The aims of this study were to determine the morphology and distribution of PDGFRα‐immunoreactive (ir) FLC in human gastric muscle and to determine if FLC are altered in gastroparesis, where ICC are reduced.Methods  Full thickness gastric body biopsies from five healthy subjects, 10 diabetic, and 10 idiopathic gastroparesis patients were immunolabeled using SK3 and PDGFRα staining for FLC and Kit staining for ICC. Intramuscular FLC and ICC were quantified.Key Results  Intramuscular PDGFRα‐ir cells had slender cell bodies and long, thin processes and were more abundant in the longitudinal compared with the circular muscle. In the region of myenteric plexus, FLC had smaller, rounder cell bodies with 3–4 processes and formed networks, often around ganglia. All SK3‐ir cell structures showed complete overlap with PDGFRα‐ir. FLC were in close proximity to ICC, but their cell bodies did not overlap. No differences were seen in the distribution, morphology, or overall numbers of FLC in gastroparesis patients.Conclusions & Inferences  In conclusion, PDGFRα identifies FLC in human gastric smooth muscle. FLC were not altered in distribution or overall numbers in gastroparesis. Additional studies are required to determine their role in human GI function.
How positive and negative expectations shape the experience of visceral pain: an experimental pilot study in healthy women
Authors: Elsenbruch S. , Schmid J. , Bäsler M. , Cesko E. , Schedlowski M. , Benson S. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackground  In order to elucidate placebo and nocebo effects in visceral pain, we analyzed the effects of positive and negative expectations on rectal pain perception, rectal pain thresholds, state anxiety and cortisol responses in healthy women.Methods  Painful rectal distensions were delivered at baseline, following application of an inert substance combined with either positive instructions of pain relief (placebo group, N = 15), negative instructions of pain increase (nocebo group, N = 17), or neutral instructions (control, N = 15). Perceived pain intensity, unpleasantness/aversion and urge‐to‐defecate, state anxiety and serum cortisol were determined at baseline, immediately following group‐specific instructions and on a second study day after the same instructions (test day). Rectal pain thresholds were determined at baseline and on the test day.Key Results  Whereas perceived pain intensity was significantly decreased in the placebo group, the nocebo group revealed significantly increased pain intensity ratings, along with significantly greater anticipatory anxiety on the test day (all P < 0.05 vs controls). Cortisol concentrations were significantly increased in the nocebo group following treatment but not on the test day.Conclusions & Inferences  The experience of abdominal pain can be experimentally increased or decreased by inducing positive or negative expectations. Nocebo effects involve a psychological stress response, characterized by increased anticipatory anxiety. These findings further underscore the role of cognitive and emotional factors in the experience of visceral pain, which has implications for the pathophysiology and treatment of patients with chronic abdominal complaints.
Characterization of two genes for the biosynthesis of the labdane diterpene Z‐abienol in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) glandular trichomes
Authors: Sallaud Christophe , Giacalone Cécile , Töpfer Romy , Goepfert Simon , Bakaher Nicolas , Rösti Sandrine , Tissier Alain 
Published: June 2012

SummaryLeaves of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) are covered with glandular trichomes that produce sucrose esters and diterpenoids in varying quantities, depending on cultivar type. The bicyclic diterpene Z‐abienol is the major labdanoid present in some oriental tobacco cultivars, where it constitutes a precursor of important flavours and aromas. We describe here the identification and characterization of two genes governing the biosynthesis of Z‐abienol in N. tabacum. As for other angiosperm labdanoid diterpenes, the biosynthesis of Z‐abienol proceeds in two steps. NtCPS2 encodes a class‐II terpene synthase that synthesizes 8‐hydroxy‐copalyl diphosphate, and NtABS encodes a kaurene synthase‐like (KSL) protein that uses 8‐hydroxy‐copalyl diphosphate to produce Z‐abienol. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that NtABS belongs to a distinct clade of KSL proteins that comprises the recently identified tomato (Solanum habrochaites) santalene and bergamotene synthase. RT‐PCR results show that both genes are preferentially expressed in trichomes. Moreover, microscopy of NtCPS2 promoter‐GUS fusion transgenics demonstrated a high specificity of expression to trichome glandular cells. Ectopic expression of both genes, but not of either one alone, driven by a trichome‐specific promoter in transgenic Nicotiana sylvestris conferred Z‐abienol formation to this species, which does not normally produce it. Furthermore, sequence analysis of over 100 tobacco cultivars revealed polymorphisms in NtCPS2 that lead to a prematurely truncated protein in cultivars lacking Z‐abienol, thus establishing NtCPS2 as a major gene controlling Z‐abienol biosynthesis in tobacco. These results offer new perspectives for tobacco breeding and the metabolic engineering of labdanoid diterpenes, as well as for structure–function relationship studies of terpene synthases.
Rapid acute onset of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome in a lung transplant recipient after respiratory syncytial virus infection
Authors: Hayes D. , Mansour H. M. , Kirkby S. , Phillips A.B. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) can have either an acute or chronic onset with an abrupt or insidious course. The diagnosis is typically achieved by physiological criteria with development of a sustained decline in expiratory flow rates for at least 3 weeks. We review the rapid development of acute BOS and bronchiectasis after respiratory syncytial virus infection in a lung transplant recipient, who had been doing well with normal pulmonary function for 3 years after lung transplantation.