bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Second malignant neoplasms following chemoreduction with carboplatin, etoposide, and vincristine in 245 patients with intraocular retinoblastoma
Authors: Turaka Kiran , Shields Carol L. , Meadows Anna T. , Leahey Ann 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the occurrence of second malignant neoplasms (SMN) following chemoreduction (CRD) with carboplatin, vincristine, and etoposide (CEV) as frontline therapy in patients with retinoblastoma (RB).ProdecureWe conducted a two‐institution retrospective chart review of 245 patients with intraocular RB treated with six cycles of vincristine, carboplatin, and etoposide for treatment of intraocular retinoblastoma. Cumulative incidence of SMN was calculated with adjustment for the competing risk of death.ResultsThere were 187 patients with germline retinoblastoma and 58 with non‐germline disease. External beam radiotherapy was subsequently utilized in 46 (24%) of germline cases and six (10%) of non‐germline cases. Mean follow‐up of germline and non‐germline patients was 80 and 70 months, respectively. Seven subsequent cancers were found in six patients for an overall incidence of 3% at a mean of 11 years. For germline cases, following CEV alone (n = 156), SMN were found in 4% following the RB diagnosis. We found no SMN in patients with non‐germline RB. One patient developed pineoblastoma. SMN included osteosarcoma (n = 3), rhabdomyosarcoma (n = 1), orbital and conjunctival melanoma (n = 1), low‐grade glioma (n = 1), and acute promyeloctic leukemia (n = 1). Five of the six patients with a second malignancy survive at mean of 46 months (range 15–71 months).ConclusionsAt a mean of 11 years, 4% of children with germline RB treated with CEV as frontline therapy developed SMN's. No SMN was found in non‐germline patients. Concerns regarding CEV‐induced second cancers should not deter clinicians from using life and vision preserving therapy in patients with retinoblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59: 121–125. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Drug utilization according to reason for prescribing: a pharmacoepidemiologic method based on an indication hierarchy
Authors: Wallach Kildemoes Helle , Hendriksen Carsten , Andersen Morten 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTPurposeTo develop a pharmacoepidemiologic method for drug utilization analysis according to indication, gender, and age by means of register‐based information. Statin utilization in 2005 was applied as an example.MethodsFollowing the recommendations for statin therapy, we constructed an indication hierarchy with eight mutually exclusive levels of register markers of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Danish residents, as of January 1, 1996, were followed at the individual level in nationwide registers with respect to dispensed prescriptions of cardiovascular drugs and antidiabetics (1996–2005) along with discharge diagnoses and surgical procedures (1977–2005). The highest current possible indication level was assigned to all cohort members. Stratified by indication, gender, and age, statin treatment prevalence and incidence were calculated.ResultsStatin treatment prevalence was highest among individuals with myocardial infarction and tended to be higher among men with indications in the upper part of the hierarchy, but it was higher among women (especially the elderly) in the lower part of the hierarchy. Treatment incidence rates followed roughly the same pattern. Women with no register marker or primary hypertension accounted for almost 50% of all incident female users; among men, the figure was 35%. The proportion of incident users with ischemic heart disease or myocardial infarction increased with age.ConclusionThe proposed indication hierarchy provided new insight into prescription patterns of statins. The method can be implemented for other drug categories and could be useful for studying trends in drug utilization, differential drug adherence, and cross‐national comparisons. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The incidence of hepatosplenic T‐cell lymphoma in a large managed care organization, with reference to anti‐tumor necrosis factor therapy, Northern California, 2000–2006
Authors: Herrinton Lisa J. , Liu Liyan , Abramson Oren , Jaffe Elaine S. 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTBackgroundHepatosplenic T‐cell lymphoma (HSTCL), a rare and rapidly progressive subtype of peripheral T‐cell lymphoma, has been reported following TNF‐α‐blocker therapy. To better understand this relationship, we conducted an epidemiologic study in the Kaiser Permanente membership.MethodsThe retrospective cohort study was conducted among Northern California members of all ages. The Kaiser Permanente Cancer Registry, supplemented with review of medical charts and pathology slides, was used to identify and confirm cases of HSTCL. Medical histories were obtained, and we computed the standardized incidence rate for the 7‐year period 2000–2006, when immunohistochemical staining was fully established throughout the health plan for diagnosing lymphoma.ResultsSix cases were diagnosed during 2000–2006, for an annual age‐standardized incidence rate of 0.3 (95%CI, 0.11–0.65) per million person‐years. One case had a prior diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS); another had a prior diagnosis of Crohn's disease treated with steroids, thiopurine and infliximab.ConclusionPrior cases of HIV/AIDS‐linked HSTCL are uncommon in the existing literature. Multiple case reports of HSTCL in the setting of Crohn's disease treated with anti‐TNF plus thiopurine have been published, but HSTCL is rare, making epidemiologic assessments difficult. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and characterization of biodegradable poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐4‐hydroxybutyrate)/silica nanocomposites
Authors: Han Lijing , Han Changyu , Cao Wenling , Wang Xuemei , Bian Junjia , Dong Lisong 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBiodegradable poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐4‐hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB‐co‐4HB)]/silica nanocomposites were prepared by melt compounding. The effects of silica on the morphology, crystallization, thermal stability, mechanical properties, and biodegradability of P(3HB‐co‐4HB) were investigated. The nanoparticles showed a fine and homogeneous dispersion in the P(3HB‐co‐4HB) matrix for silica contents below 5 wt%, whereas some aggregates were detected with further increasing silica content. The addition of silica enhanced the crystallization of P(3HB‐co‐4HB) in the nanocomposites due to the heterogeneous nucleation effect of silica. However, the crystal structure of P(3HB‐co‐4HB) was not modified in the presence of silica. The thermal stability of P(3HB‐co‐4HB) was enhanced by the incorporation of silica. Silica was an effective reinforcing agent for P(3HB‐co‐4HB), and the modulus and tensile strength of the nanocomposites increased, whereas the elongation at break decreased with increasing silica loading. The exciting aspect of this work was that the rate of enzymatic degradation of P(3HB‐co‐4HB) was enhanced significantly after nanocomposites preparation. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Crystal modulus of a new semiaromatic polyamide 9‐T
Authors: Uddin Ahmed Jalal , Gotoh Yasuo , Ohkoshi Yutaka , Nishino Takashi , Endo Ryokei 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe elastic modulus (El) of crystalline regions in the direction parallel to the chain axis in a new semiaromatic polyamide 9‐T (PA9‐T) containing a long aliphatic chain unit was measured by X‐ray diffraction and the derived El value was discussed in terms of its molecular conformation and mechanical properties. For low and high molecular weight PA9‐Ts, the El value of 40 GPa was obtained. The low El value for PA9‐T is due to the presence of aromatic groups with long crankshaft arms, which result in a greater moment of force during deformation compared with those polymers with planner zigzag molecular conformation like polyethylene and nylon 6 α‐form. Another factor for the low El is due to the contraction of its molecular chains that is likely originated from the existence of a torsional conformation. The presence of contraction causes some internal rotation in the polymer chain during extensional deformation, which results in low El. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Crosslinked polysulfone obtained by Wittig‐Horner reaction in biphase system
Authors: Popa Adriana , Avram Ecaterina , Lisa Gabriela , Visa(Pascariu) Aurelia , Iliescu Smaranda , Parvulescu Viorica , Ilia Gheorghe 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPhase transfer catalyzed reactions are often more easily and cheaply performed than conventional method and they are therefore of particular interest. A polysulfone functionalized with phosphonate (2‐PSF) was prepared under phase transfer catalysis (PTC) conditions, and it was evaluated by spectrometric method (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, using potassium bromide (KBr) pellet). The phosphorus content of the modified polysulfone was determined, and it was used for the determination the fraction of repeating units functionalized with phosphonate groups. The modified polysulfone contains 1.40 mmol phosphonate/g polysulfone. Polysulfone functionalized with phosphonate groups and polysulfone functionalized with aldehyde groups (3‐PSF) were used in Wittig‐Horner reaction, to introduce double bonds on polymer and to obtain crosslinked polysulfone (4‐PSF). The reactions were performed using PTC method, solid‐liquid (potassium carbonate (K2CO3), tetrahydrofuran (THF), tetraethylammonium iodide (TEAI)) system. The structure of polysulfone functionalized with phosphonate groups and polysulfone functionalized with aldehyde group were confirmed by 1H‐, 13C‐, and 31P‐nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The peak for phosphorus in PSF‐phosphonate appears in 31P NMR spectrum as a singlet at 25.712 ppm. The thermal properties of aldehyde, phosphonate, and crosslinked polysulfone were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and differential thermogravimetric analysis (DTG). Scanning electron microscopy images for polysulfone functionalized with phosphonate and crosslinked polysulfone are in concordance with nitrogen (N2) adsorption‐desorption isotherms.POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Integration of protein motions with molecular networks reveals different mechanisms for permanent and transient interactions
Authors: Bhardwaj Nitin , Abyzov Alexej , Clarke Declan , Shou Chong , Gerstein Mark B. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe integration of molecular networks with other types of data, such as changing levels of gene expression or protein‐structural features, can provide richer information about interactions than the simple node‐and‐edge representations commonly used in the network community. For example, the mapping of 3D‐structural data onto networks enables classification of proteins into singlish‐ or multi‐interface hubs (depending on whether they have >2 interfaces). Similarly, interactions can be classified as permanent or transient, depending on whether their interface is used by only one or by multiple partners. Here, we incorporate an additional dimension into molecular networks: dynamic conformational changes. We parse the entire PDB structural databank for alternate conformations of proteins and map these onto the protein interaction network, to compile a first version of the Dynamic Structural Interaction Network (DynaSIN). We make this network available as a readily downloadable resource file, and we then use it to address a variety of downstream questions. In particular, we show that multi‐interface hubs display a greater degree of conformational change than do singlish‐interface ones; thus, they show more plasticity which perhaps enables them to utilize more interfaces for interactions. We also find that transient associations involve smaller conformational changes than permanent ones. Although this may appear counterintuitive, it is understandable in the following framework: as proteins involved in transient interactions shuttle between interchangeable associations, they interact with domains that are similar to each other and so do not require drastic structural changes for their activity. We provide evidence for this hypothesis through showing that interfaces involved in transient interactions bind fewer classes of domains than those in a control set.
Secondary dust explosions: How to prevent them or mitigate their effects?
Authors: Taveau Jérôme 
Published: August 2011

AbstractDust explosions are frequent and particularly devastating in the process industries. Secondary dust explosions are the most severe ones, and occur when the blast wave from a primary explosion entrains dust layers already present in the plant, creating a large dust‐air flammable mixture ignited by the first explosion. As the blast wave propagates through the plant, dust fuels the emerging flame, leading to extensive damage owing to the large quantity of dusts involved and the consequent strong pressure wave.Several cases of secondary dust explosions have been analyzed by Eckhoff. Major accidents have also occurred in the US in recent years, causing the Chemical Safety Board (CSB) to produce a specific report highlighting the increasing number of dust explosions. An illustration of this point is the massive explosion that occurred on 7 February 2008 at the Imperial Sugar Company in Port Wentworth (Georgia), causing 14 fatalities and injuring 36 people.The consequences of secondary dust explosions can be disastrous. However, only a minor initiating “primary” explosion can quickly develop into a major secondary explosion if appropriate measures have not been taken in advance.This article describes several secondary dust explosion accidents that occurred in France and in the US and present some practical solutions to prevent or mitigate these accidents. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2012
Deposition of cluster‐free P‐doped a‐Si:H films using SiH4+PH3 multi‐hollow discharge plasma CVD
Authors: Koga Kazunori , Nakahara Kenta , Kim Yeon‐Won , Kawashima Yuki , Matsunaga Takeaki , Sato Muneharu , Yamashita Daisuke , Matsuzaki Hidefumi , Uchida Giichiro , Kamataki Kunihiro , Itagaki Naho , Shiratani Masaharu 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe deposited cluster‐free P‐doped a‐Si:H films using a SiH4+PH3 multi‐hollow discharge plasma CVD method. The deposition rate sharply increased from 0.49 nm/s with an increasing gas flow rate ratio R = [PH3]/[SiH4] from 0% to 1.17 nm/s at R = 1.0%, then slightly increased to 1.27 nm/s for R = 10%. SiH* emission intensity monotonically increased with increasing R. The increase in deposition rate with increasing R was much higher than that of the SiHx generation rate. The surface reaction probability β of SiH3 increased from 0.33 for R = 0% to 0.62 for R = 0.6%, then remained nearly constant for R > 0.6%. The sticking probability s of SiH3 increased from 0.1 for R = 0% to 0.162 for R = 0.6%, then slightly increased to 0.181 for R = 10%. These results suggest that PHx radicals enhance the surface reaction probability and surface sticking probability of SiH3 radicals. We successfully deposited P‐doped a‐Si:H films with a low stabilized defect density of 2.9 × 1015 cm–3. This defect density is much lower than that of conventional doped a‐Si:H films (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cold‐formed steel structures around the world
Authors: Schafer Benjamin W. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to provide a brief review of recent (over approximately the last five years) advances in the application, analysis and design of cold‐formed steel structures. Attention here is focused on load‐bearing cold‐formed steel structures; as opposed to secondary systems, curtain walls, etc. Cold‐formed steel applications continue to advance in three primary categories: framing, metal buildings, and racks. Examples largely derived from the author’s experiences in North America are used to illustrate the applications. The behaviour of cold‐formed steel structures can be complicated due to the thin‐walled nature of the sections; thus, analysis advances are required. Recent work in Generalized Beam Theory and the constrained Finite Strip Method demonstrate that, at least when it comes to thin‐walled members, significant advances in structural analysis are still possible and desirable. Design of cold‐formed steel structures continues to see significant improvements and refinements. Recent efforts related to the Direct Strength Method of design are highlighted, including novel extensions from the member to the system level. Finally, similar to many other areas of structural engineering, seismic engineering has motivated notable advances in applications, analysis, and design. For cold‐formed steel structures these advances are reviewed to demonstrate current progress and future directions in this important area.
The Pentele Danube‐bridge in Dunaújváros, Hungary Design, Research and Construction
Authors: Horváth Adrián 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe main part of the bridge is a basket handle type tied‐arch bridge. The geometrical size, structural solutions and erection method of the bridge required preliminary research and advanced design methodology. This paper gives a general outline about the construction of the steel structure of the arch bridge and emphasizes some of the design aspects.
Comparative reliability of two 24‐story braced buildings: traditional versus innovative
Authors: Montiel Marco , Teran‐Gilmore Amador 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYThe seismic reliability of two 24‐story buildings that have the same geometry and structural layout was evaluated and compared. The structural system of the first building consists of ductile steel braces and composite moment‐resisting frames (traditional building). The structural system of the second building consists of nonductile flexible steel frames stiffened through a system of buckling‐restrained braces (innovative building). Whereas the former was designed according to the Mexico City Building Code, the latter was designed according to a displacement‐based methodology. Both buildings were assumed to be located at the same site in the lake zone of Mexico City. The study shows that in spite of being considerably lighter, the innovative building exhibits higher levels of reliability. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Correction factors for NRG #40 anemometers potentially affected by dry friction whip: characterization, analysis, and validation
Authors: Hale Erik , Fusina Lesley , Brower Michael 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTOver 50,000 NRG Systems #40 anemometers manufactured between May 2006 and December 2008 are potentially affected by a self‐excited vibratory phenomenon termed dry friction whip (DFW). Affected anemometers can report wind speeds that are lower than true speeds by up to several percent. An analysis of post‐deployment wind tunnel calibration tests on 99 anemometers manufactured in this period found that about 85% were affected by the problem. The mean wind speed bias between 4 and 16 m s −1 for most of the anemometers compared with pre‐deployment tests ranged from −1.5% to −3.0%, and for some, the bias was as large as −6.5%. This finding was confirmed by field tests carried out for a mostly different sample of 53 potentially affected anemometers deployed in pairs with WindSensor P2546A or Vector A100LK anemometers. The field tests further indicated that the problem tends to worsen over time and varies with wind speed. However, the pattern of response varies greatly among anemometers. Based on this research, a method of adjusting data from NRG #40 anemometers manufactured in this period is proposed. The adjustments eliminate the mean bias in the field test data set, although significant scatter remains. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computation of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory Phase‐VI rotor in pitch motion during standstill
Authors: Sørensen Niels N. , Schreck Scott 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTPreviously, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) computations of dynamic stall on wind turbine blades have been performed for stand still conditions with moderate success by among others the present authors. In the present work, numerical investigations are performed to illustrate the possibilities of state of the art CFD methods for this problem, including the numerical requirements as time‐step and grid resolution. Additionally, the effect of different types of modeling is investigated, ranging from fully turbulent Reynolds‐averaged Navier‐Stokes (RANS), transitional RANS, to transitional delayed detached‐eddy simulation computations. The investigation indicates that detailed information and fair agreement with measurements can be obtained. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relating Engagement to Outcomes in Prevention: The Case of a Parenting Program for Couples
Authors: Brown Louis D. , Goslin Megan C. , Feinberg Mark E. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAnalyses of program engagement can provide critical insight into how program involvement leads to outcomes. This study examines the relation between participant engagement and program outcomes in Family Foundations (FF), a universal preventive intervention designed to help couples manage the transition to parenthood by improving coparenting relationship quality. Previous intent‐to‐treat outcome analyses from a randomized trial indicate FF improves parental adjustment, interparental relationships, and parenting. Analyses for the current study use the same sample, and yield statistically reliable relations between participant engagement and interparental relationships but not parental adjustment or parenting. Discussion considers implications for FF and the difficulties researchers face when examining the relation between engagement and outcomes in preventive interventions.
Cerebellar hypoplasia and brainstem thinning associated with severe white matter and basal ganglia abnormalities in a child with an mtDNA deletion
Authors: Biancheri Roberta , Bruno Claudio , Cassandrini Denise , Bertini Enrico , Santorelli Filippo M. , Rossi Andrea 
Published: August 2011

AbstractCerebellar and brainstem hypoplasia may occur in different conditions, including those disorders designated as pontocerebellar hypoplasia (PCH). In particular, when PCH is combined with severe supratentorial white matter involvement and cerebral atrophy, mutations in the mitochondrial arginyl‐tRNA synthethase (RARS2) gene causing PCH6 are possible. We describe a patient with a lethal mitochondrial encephalomyopathy due to a mtDNA deletion and no alterations in RARS2, whose magnetic resonance (MR) findings mimicked PCH6. A thorough diagnostic work‐up for mitochondrial disorders should be carried out when facing with a PCH‐like and severe white matter and basal ganglia involvement on brain MR imaging in children, even if clinical and laboratory mitochondrial “stigmata” are scant or nonspecific.