bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analyzing Dual-Task Paradigms to Improve Postconcussion Assessment and Management
Authors: Robertson Diana , Lempke Landon B. , Lynall Robert C. 
Published: June 2024

Context: Dual-task (simultaneous cognitive–motor activities) assessments have been adapted into reliable and valid clinical concussion measures. However, abundant motor and cognitive variations leave researchers and clinicians uncertain about which combinations elicit the intended dual-task effect. Our objective was to examine differences between commonly employed dual-task motor and cognitive combinations among healthy, college-aged individuals. Design: Cross-sectional laboratory study. Methods: Twenty participants (age: 21.3 [2.4] y; height: 176.0 [9.1] cm; mass: 76.0 [16.4] kg; 20% with concussion history) completed 4 motor tasks (gait, tandem gait, single-leg balance, and tandem balance) under 5 cognitive conditions (single task, subtraction, month reversal, spelling backward, and visual Stroop) in a research laboratory. The motor performance outcomes were spatiotemporal variables for gait and tandem gait and center of pressure path length (in centimeters) for single-leg and tandem balance. Cognitive outcomes were response rate (responses/second) and cognitive accuracy. We used separate repeated-measures analyses of variance for each motor and cognitive outcome with post hoc Tukey t tests. Results: Gait velocity, gait stride length, and tandem gait velocity demonstrated significant cognitive–motor interactions (P’s < .001) such that all dual-task conditions resulted in varyingly slower or shorter movement than single task. Conversely, single-leg balance (P = .627) and tandem balance (P = .434) center of pressure path length did not significantly differ among the dual-task cognitive conditions or relative to single task. Statistically significant cognitive–motor interactions were observed only for spelling backward accuracy (P = .004) and response rates for spelling backward, month reversal, and visual Stroop (P’s < .001) such that worse accuracy, but faster response rates, occurred during motor tasks. Conclusions: Gait and tandem gait motor tasks accompanied with spelling backward or subtraction cognitive tasks demonstrated consistently strong dual-task effects and, therefore, may be the best suited for clinical and research use following concussion.
Direct and indirect costs of paediatric asthma in the UK: a cost
analysis
Authors: Kennedy Charlotte T , Scotland Graham S , Cotton Seonaidh , Turner Stephen W 
Published: June 2024

Objective
To estimate the cost of paediatric asthma from a UK National Health
Service (NHS) and societal perspective and explore determinants of these
costs.

Design
Cost analysis based on data from a large clinical trial between 2017
and 2019. Case report forms recorded healthcare resource use and
productivity losses attributable to asthma over a 12-month period. These
were combined with national unit cost data to generate estimates of
health service and indirect costs.

Setting
Asthma clinics in primary and secondary care in England and
Scotland.

Main outcome measures
Cost per asthma attack stratified by highest level of care received.
Total annual health service and indirect costs. Modelled effect of sex,
age, severity, number of attacks and adherence on total annual
costs.

Results
Of 506 children included in the analysis, 252 experienced at least
one attack. The mean (SD) cost per attack was £297 (806) (median £46,
IQR 40–138) and the mean total annual cost to the NHS was £1086 (2504)
(median £462, IQR 296–731). On average, children missed 6 days of school
and their carers missed 13 hours of paid work, contributing to a mean
annual indirect cost of £412 (879) (median £30, IQR 0–477). Health
service costs increased significantly with number of attacks and
participant age (>11 years). Indirect costs increased with asthma
severity and number of attacks but were found to be lower in older
children.

Conclusions
Paediatric asthma imparts a significant economic burden on the
health service, families and society. Efforts to improve asthma control
may generate significant cost savings.

Trial registration number
ISRCTN 67875351.
Association between bronchopulmonary dysplasia severity and its risk factors and long-term outcomes in three definitions: a historical cohort study
Authors: Katz Trixie A , van Kaam Anton H , Zuithoff Nicolaas P A , Mugie S M , Beuger Sabine , Blok Geert Jan , van Kempen Anne A M W , van Laerhoven Henriëtte , Lutterman Claire A M , Rijpert Maarten , Schiering Irene A , Ran Nicolien C , Visser Fenna , van Straaten Els , Aarnoudse-Moens Cornelieke S H , van Wassenaer-Leemhuis Aleid G , Onland Wes 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveTo compare the association of the severity categories of the 2001-National Institutes of Health (NIH), the 2018-NIH and the 2019-Jensen bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) definitions with neurodevelopmental and respiratory outcomes at 2 and 5 years’ corrected age (CA), and several BPD risk factors.DesignSingle-centre historical cohort study with retrospective data collection.SettingInfants born between 2009 and 2015 at the Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Amsterdam Medical Center.PatientsPreterm infants born at gestational age (GA) <30 weeks and surviving up to 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age.InterventionsPerinatal characteristics, (social) demographics and comorbidities were collected from the electronic patient records.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcomes were neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) or late death, and respiratory morbidity at 2 and 5 years’ CA. Using logistic regression and Brier scores, we investigated if the ordinal grade severity is associated with incremental increase of adverse long-term outcomes.Results584 preterm infants (median GA: 28.1 weeks) were included and classified according to the three BPD definitions. None of the definitions showed a clear ordinal incremental increase of risk for any of the outcomes with increasing severity classification. No significant differences were found between the three BPD definitions (Brier scores 0.169–0.230). Respiratory interventions, but not GA, birth weight or small for GA, showed an ordinal relationship with BPD severity in all three BPD definitions.ConclusionThe severity classification of three BPD definitions showed low accuracy of the probability forecast on NDI or late death and respiratory morbidity at 2 and 5 years’ CA, with no differences between the definitions.
Paediatric traumatic brain injury and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder medication in Finland: a nationwide register-based cohort study
Authors: Laaksonen Juho , Ponkilainen Ville , Möttönen Julius , Mattila Ville M , Kuitunen Ilari 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundThe association between paediatric traumatic brain injury (pTBI) and post-traumatic attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication usage remains understudied subject.ObjectiveWe aimed to evaluate the association between pTBI and subsequent ADHD medication.MethodsA nationwide retrospective cohort study in Finland from 1998 to 2018 included 66 594 patients with pTBI and 61 412 references with distal extremity fractures. ADHD medication data were obtained from the Finnish Social Insurance Institution. The primary outcome was post-traumatic pediatric ADHD medication. A 1-year washout period was applied, and follow-up started 1 year post-pTBI.FindingsKaplan-Meier analyses showed higher ADHD medication usage in patients with pTBI, especially post-operatively. Both sex groups exhibited elevated rates compared with the reference group. Over 10 years, cumulative incidence rates were 3.89% (pTBI) vs 1.90% (reference). HR for pTBI was 1.89 (95% CI 1.70 to 2.10) after 4 years and 6.31 (95% CI 2.80 to 14.20) for the operative group after the initial follow-up year. After 10 years, cumulative incidence in females increased to 2.14% (pTBI) vs 1.07% (reference), and in males, to 5.02% (pTBI) vs 2.35% (reference). HR for pTBI was 2.01 (95% CI 1.72 to 2.35) in females and 2.23 (95% CI 2.04 to 2.45) in males over 1–20 years.ConclusionsA substantial association between pTBI and post-traumatic ADHD medication was evidenced over a 20-year follow-up period.Clinical implicationsThese results stress the need for preventive measures for pTBI and highlight the potential impact of long-term post-traumatic monitoring and psychoeducation.
Clinical characteristics, associated comorbidities and hospital outcomes of neonates with sleep disordered breathing: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Mehta Bhavesh , Waters Karen , Fitzgerald Dominic , Badawi Nadia 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveAwareness of the need for early identification and treatment of sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in neonates is increasing but is challenging. Unrecognised SDB can have negative neurodevelopmental consequences. Our study aims to describe the clinical profile, risk factors, diagnostic modalities and interventions that can be used to manage neonates with SDB to facilitate early recognition and improved management.MethodsA single-centre retrospective study of neonates referred for assessment of suspected SDB to a tertiary newborn intensive care unit in New South Wales Australia over a 2-year period. Electronic records were reviewed. Outcome measures included demographic data, clinical characteristics, comorbidities, reason for referral, polysomnography (PSG) data, interventions targeted to treat SDB and hospital outcome. Descriptive analysis was performed and reported.ResultsEighty neonates were included. Increased work of breathing, or apnoea with oxygen desaturation being the most common reasons (46% and 31%, respectively) for referral. Most neonates had significant comorbidities requiring involvement of multiple specialists (mean 3.3) in management. The majority had moderate to severe SDB based on PSG parameters of very high mean apnoea-hypopnoea index (62.5/hour) with a mean obstructive apnoea index (38.7/hour). Ten per cent of patients required airway surgery. The majority of neonates (70%) were discharged home on non-invasive ventilation.ConclusionSDB is a serious problem in high-risk neonates and it is associated with significant multisystem comorbidities necessitating a multidisciplinary team approach to optimise management. This study shows that PSG is useful in neonates to diagnose and guide management of SDB.
Therapeutic options for neurocardiogenic syncope: a meta-analysis of randomised trials with and without blinding
Authors: Kaza Nandita , Sorbini Michela , Liu Zhuang , Johal Monika , Porter Bradley , Nowbar Alexandra , Levy Shuli , Dani Melanie , Taraborelli Patricia , Eardley Philip , Zuhair Mohamed , Arnold Ahran , Howard James , Whinnett Zachary I , Francis Darrel P , Shun-Shin Matthew J , Lim Phang Boon , Keene Daniel 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundNeurocardiogenic syncope is a common condition with significant associated psychological and physical morbidity. The effectiveness of therapeutic options for neurocardiogenic syncope beyond placebo remains uncertain.MethodsThe primary endpoint was the risk ratio (RR) of spontaneously recurring syncope following any therapeutic intervention. We also examined the effect of blinding on treatment efficacy. We identified all randomised trials which evaluated the effect of any pharmacological, device-based or supportive intervention on patients with a history of syncope. A systematic search was conducted on Medline, Embase, PubMed databases and Cochrane Central Register for Controlled Trials from 1950 to 25 April 2023. Event rates, their RRs and 95% CIs were calculated, and a random-effects meta-analysis was conducted for each intervention. Data analysis was performed in R using RStudio.ResultsWe identified 47 eligible trials randomising 3518 patients. Blinded trials assessing syncope recurrence were neutral for beta blockers, fludrocortisone and conventional dual-chamber pacing but were favourable for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) (RR 0.40, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.63, p<0.001), midodrine (RR 0.70, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.94, p=0.016) and closed-loop stimulation (CLS) pacing (RR 0.15, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.35, p<0.001). Unblinded trials reported significant benefits for all therapy categories other than beta blockers and consistently showed larger benefits than blinded trials.ConclusionsUnder blinded conditions, SSRIs, midodrine and CLS pacing significantly reduced syncope recurrence. Future trials for syncope should be blinded to avoid overestimating treatment effects.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022330148.
Cigarette unit sales volume for brands using ‘natural’, ‘organic’ and ‘tobacco and water’ pack terms in the USA, 2018–2022
Authors: Erinoso Olufemi , Liber Alex C , Hogan Alexis , Martínez Bianca , Miller Felicia , Kue Donald , Sangoleye Dotun , Pearson Jennifer 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundTerms such as ‘natural’, ‘organic’ and ‘tobacco and water’ on cigarette packs may communicate misleading reduced harm messages to consumers. This study describes sales volume and price for brands that used these misleading descriptors in the USA by year, brand and state.MethodsThe data come from Information Resources Incorporated sales data collected in 44 US states from January 2018 to January 2023. Trained coders used Universal Product Codes, purchased packs and internet searches to identify cigarettes sold with ‘natural’, ‘organic’ and ‘tobacco and water’ on packs. We report cigarette pack unit sales counts (sales volume) and average price per pack by year, as well as per cent year-over-year change in sales volume and price and annual market share by descriptor terms.ResultsOverall, pack sales volume decreased year-over-year from 2019 to 2022. Sales volume for packs with ‘natural’, ‘tobacco and water’ and ‘organic’ decreased less than overall; in some cases, they increased. In 2022, packs with ‘natural’ accounted for the greatest share of cigarette unit sales (5.42% or 33 605 036 packs), followed by ‘tobacco and water’ (2.25% or 12 959 905 packs) and ‘organic’ (0.53% or 4 614 592 packs). Natural American Spirit (NAS) and Winston accounted for most sales with ‘natural’ and ‘tobacco and water’; NAS accounted for nearly all sales with ‘organic’. Packs with ‘natural’, ‘tobacco and water’ or ‘organic’ made up the largest portion of sales in western (Oregon, Idaho, California, Colorado and Washington) and northeastern (Vermont, Massachusetts and New Hampshire) US states.ConclusionBrands using ‘natural’, ‘tobacco and water’ and ‘organic’ on packs increased their market share between 2019 and 2022; in some states, market share was over 10% in 2022. Our findings emphasise the importance of regulating these terms and continually monitoring their population impact.
3D large deformation modeling of the 2020 Gjerdrum quick clay landslide
Authors: Tran Quoc-Anh , Rogstad Agnete , Depina Ivan , Fernández Fabricio , Alene Gebray Habtu , Grimstad Gustav , Nordal Steinar 
Published: June 2024

A quick clay slide in Gjerdrum, Norway, occurred at 4 a.m. on 30th December 2020, killing 10 people and destroying houses, roads, and other infrastructures. Approximately, 1.35 million cubic meters of clay were released, a large volume liquefied, and debris was transported almost 2 km that the slide was initialized in downstream. An investigation following the slide determined that the slide was initialized in a 30 m high slope after 2-to-2.5 m vertical erosion in a small creek running along the toe of the slope. After the initiation, the slide developed retrogressively in the order of 500 m backward and sideways over a period of about 2 min. A conventional geotechnical slope stability analysis explains the initial slide. However, more advanced numerical tools are needed to simulate the retrogressive mechanism and the debris flow. The aim of the paper is to demonstrate a 3D material point method model to capture some of the mechanisms involved from initiation until the debris comes to rest and how this method can be used to reproduce and study the processes involved in large deformation landslides.
Synthesis of the H-type 1 and Lewis B antigens as 6-aminohexyl glycosides
Authors: Pickles Matisse , Auzanneau France-Isabelle 
Published: June 2024

The LebLea heptasaccharide is a tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen that was isolated from the human colonic adenocarcinoma cell line Colo205 and is a good target for the development of anti-cancer immunotherapeutics. However, it displays on its reducing end the Leb tetrasaccharide: α-l-Fuc p-(1→2)-β-d-Gal p-(1→3)-[α-l-Fuc p-(1→4)]-d-GlcNAc p and the H-type 1 (H-1 antigen) trisaccharide: α-l-Fuc p-(1→2)-β-d-Gal p-(1→3)-d-GlcNAc p that are also found on noncancerous tissues. To discover analogues or fragments of LebLea that could be used as immunotherapeutics while not triggering immune responses against Leb and the H-1 antigen, we have synthesized the Leb tetrasaccharide hexyl glycoside and the Leb and H-1 antigens aminohexyl glycosides to be used in ELISA experiments. We describe an improved preparation of the 6- O-benzyl-2,3,4-tri- O-acetyl-α-d-galactopyranosyl bromide in neutral conditions and demonstrate the importance of appropriately “matching” the reactivity of acceptors with that of glycosyl donors. Mono- and di-fucosylation of a disaccharide diol acceptor with per-benzylated thioethyl fucoside activated in situ with bromine and under halide ion catalysis is described and our results are compared to literature reports. We observed that our fucosylation reactions required higher equivalents of fucosyl donor and extended reaction times than previously reported. We propose that the protecting groups on the galactosyl unit led to a reduced reactivity of the acceptor. The protected intermediates were converted to 6-azido hexyl glycosides and submitted to dissolving metal conditions to give 6-aminohexyl glycosides. We also prepared the n-hexyl tetrasaccharide glycoside Leb that will be used as a soluble antigen in competitive ELISA experiments.
Tachyonic instability and spontaneous scalarization in parameterized Schwarzschild-like black holes
Authors: Xu Hengyu , Zhan Yizhi , Zhang Shao-Jun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe study the phenomenon of spontaneous scalarization in parameterized Schwarzschild-like black holes. Two metrics are considered, the Konoplya–Zhidenko metric and the Johannsen–Psaltis metric. While these metrics can mimic the Schwarzschild black hole well in the weak-field regime, they have deformed geometries in the near-horizon strong-field region. Such deformations notably influence the emergence of tachyonic instability and subsequent spontaneous scalarization, enabling a clear distinction between these parameterized metrics and the standard Schwarzschild metric. These results suggest a possible way to test the parameterized black holes and thus the Kerr hypothesis by observing the phenomenon of spontaneous scalarization.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, and Associated Factors of Voluntary Blood Donation in Selected Towns of Awi Zone, Injibara, Ethiopia
Authors: Tsega Alemu , Mullualem Destaw , Tadesse Belsti Atnkut 
Published: June 2024

Background: Blood donation is the process of collecting blood from donors who are at low risk for infection and are unlikely to jeopardize their health by blood donation. It is a lifesaving practice for people who have lost ample volumes of blood as a result of accidents, obstetric and gynecological bleeding, severe anemia, and cancer.Aim: This study is aimed at assessing knowledge, attitude, practice, and associated factors toward voluntary blood donation in Chagni, Dangila, Injibara, and Jawi towns.Subject and Methods: A community‐based cross‐sectional study design and multistage sampling technique were employed. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 26. Both descriptive statistics and the multivariate logistic regression model were employed to determine the significance. The association between blood donation knowledge, attitude, practice, and sociodemographic variables was tested using multivariate logistic regression.Results: In Chagni, 110 (55.6%), Dangila, 162 (79.0%), Injibara, 139 (73.5%), and Jawi, 165 (64.5%), towns had adequate knowledge regarding voluntary blood donation. In Chagni, 141 (74.6%), Dangila, 170 (66.4%), Injibara, 168 (82.0%), and Jawi, 148 (74.7%), towns had an adequate attitude regarding voluntary blood donation. In Chagni, 28 (14.1%), Dangila (15.3%), Injibara (29.3%), and Jawi (12.3%), towns practiced voluntary blood donation. Respondents’ sex, education level, and age were found to be significantly associated with knowledge, attitude, and practice of blood donation. Those who had a degree and above were more likely (AOR = 9.239, 5.789, 5.468, and 9.72 at 95% CI) to know about blood donation relative to those who could not read and write in Chagni, Dangila, Injibara, and Jawi, respectively.Conclusion: The majority of respondents had adequate knowledge and attitudes toward blood donation but had lower practices toward voluntary blood donation.
Sirt1 Deficiency Promotes Age-Related AF Through Enhancing Atrial Necroptosis by Activation of RIPK1 Acetylation
Authors: Jin Xuexin , Zhang Yun , Zhou Yun , Luo Yingchun , Han Xuejie , Gao Yunlong , Yu Hui , Duan Yu , Shi Ling , Wu Yue , Li Yue 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND:
Aging is one of the most potent risk determinants for the onset of atrial fibrillation (AF). Sirts (sirtuins) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, and their expression declines with aging. However, whether Sirts involved in age-related AF and its underlying mechanisms remain unknown. The present study aims to explore the role of Sirts in age-related AF and delineate the underlying molecular mechanisms.

METHODS:

Sirt1 levels in the atria of both elderly individuals and aging rats were evaluated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. Mice were engineered to specifically knockout Sirt1 in the atria and right ventricle (Sirt1
mef2c/mef2c
). Various techniques, such as echocardiography, atrial electrophysiology, and protein acetylation modification omics were employed. Additionally, coimmunoprecipitation was utilized to substantiate the interaction between Sirt1 and RIPK1 (receptor-interacting protein kinase 1).

RESULTS:

We discerned that among the diverse subtypes of sirtuin proteins, only Sirt1 expression was significantly diminished in the atria of elderly people and aged rats. The Sirt1
mef2c/mef2c
mice exhibited an enlarged atrial diameter and heightened vulnerability to AF. Acetylated proteomics and cell experiments identified that Sirt1 deficiency activated atrial necroptosis through increasing RIPK1 acetylation and subsequent pseudokinase MLKL (mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein) phosphorylation. Consistently, necroptotic inhibitor necrosulfonamide mitigated atrial necroptosis and diminished both the atrial diameter and AF susceptibility of Sirt1
mef2c/mef2c
mice. Resveratrol prevented age-related AF in rats by activating atrial Sirt1 and inhibiting necroptosis.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our findings first demonstrated that Sirt1 exerts significant efficacy in countering age-related AF by impeding atrial necroptosis through regulation of RIPK1 acetylation, highlighting that the activation of Sirt1 or the inhibition of necroptosis could potentially serve as a therapeutic strategy for age-related AF.