bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tissue engineering of annulus fibrosus using electrospun fibrous scaffolds with aligned polycaprolactone fibers
Authors: Koepsell Laura , Remund Tyler , Bao Jing , Neufeld Daniel , Fong Hao , Deng Ying 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn tissue engineering, it is important to fabricate a three‐dimensional scaffold that resemble the extracellular matrix (ECM) and topographical appearance of native tissue. The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that varying microstructures of electrospun fibrous scaffolds by manipulating the relative degree of fiber alignment would influence the behaviors of porcine annulus fibrosus cells. Five types of electrospun fibrous scaffolds with polycaprolactone fibers having random or partially aligned arrangements have been prepared and investigated. The scaffold microstructures have been examined, and in vitro experiments have been carried out to assess cell‐material interaction, cell proliferation, and ECM production. The results indicate that the scaffold with oriented fibers provides strong guidance to the cell orientation and ECM distribution. In addition, albeit the tensile moduli of electrospun fibrous scaffolds are lower than that of native tissue, they are comparable to those reported in literature; hence, the constructs cultured with optimized conditions including the scaffold material selection and dynamic mechanical conditioning would have the potential to possess the moduli closer to that of native tissue. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2011.
Aberrant supplementary motor complex and limbic activity during motor preparation in motor conversion disorder
Authors: Voon Valerie , Brezing Christina , Gallea Cecile , Hallett Mark 
Published: September 2011

AbstractConversion disorder (CD) is characterized by unexplained neurological symptoms presumed related to psychological issues. The main hypotheses to explain conversion paralysis, characterized by a lack of movement, include impairments in either motor intention or disruption of motor execution, and further, that hyperactive self‐monitoring, limbic processing or top‐down regulation from higher order frontal regions may interfere with motor execution. We have recently shown that CD with positive abnormal or excessive motor symptoms was associated with greater amygdala activity to arousing stimuli along with greater functional connectivity between the amygdala and supplementary motor area. Here we studied patients with such symptoms focusing on motor initiation. Subjects performed either an internally or externally generated 2‐button action selection task in a functional MRI study. Eleven CD patients without major depression and 11 age‐ and gender‐matched normal volunteers were assessed. During both internally and externally generated movement, conversion disorder patients relative to normal volunteers had lower left supplementary motor area (SMA) (implicated in motor initiation) and higher right amygdala, left anterior insula, and bilateral posterior cingulate activity (implicated in assigning emotional salience). These findings were confirmed in a subgroup analysis of patients with tremor symptoms. During internally versus externally generated action in CD patients, the left SMA had lower functional connectivity with bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortices. We propose a theory in which previously mapped conversion motor representations may in an arousing context hijack the voluntary action selection system, which is both hypoactive and functionally disconnected from prefrontal top‐down regulation. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Aerosol characterization at the sub‐Arctic site Andenes (69°N, 16°E), by the analysis of columnar optical properties
Authors: Rodríguez E. , Toledano C. , Cachorro V. E. , Ortiz P. , Stebel K. , Berjón A. , Blindheim S. , Gausa M. , de Frutos A. M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractSince 2002 sun photometer measurements were carried out at Andenes (Norway), in the ALOMAR observatory, to investigate the aerosol optical properties in the European sub‐Arctic region. From 2002 to 2005 measurements were performed during summer campaigns. Since 2006 a Cimel sun photometer has been permanently deployed at the site. The instrument is part of the Red Ibérica de medida de Aerosoles Atmosféricos aerosol robotic network (RIMA–AERONET). The aerosol optical depth (AOD) and the Ångström exponent (AE) were analysed to investigate the aerosol content, type and seasonality in this sub‐Arctic location. Back trajectories were used to provide information about the air‐mass origin, especially for cases of moderate turbidity produced by long‐range transported aerosols from mid‐latitudes. The AOD was in general very low, with mean AOD units of 0.10 ± 0.05 and characteristics of clean continental or marine type aerosols (AE = 1.2 ± 0.4). The lower mean monthly values were obtained in February (0.04) and November (0.06), and the maximum was found in May (0.12). Episodes of long‐range transported aerosol occurred at any time when observations were made, with the highest frequency in May, and originated in central and eastern Europe. The associated air masses transported anthropogenic pollution, biomass burning aerosols and in some cases also Saharan dust. A characterization of microphysical properties was performed, showing that the fine mode dominated the particle size distribution, with an average fine mode volume fraction of 0.69. In Arctic regions, enhanced levels of aerosol concentrations occur frequently in late winter and spring due Arctic haze. In our study such hazy periods were not observed at Andenes. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
GROUNDWATER INFLUENCES ON THE DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF RIVERINE SMALLMOUTH BASS, MICROPTERUS DOLOMIEU, IN PASTURE LANDSCAPES OF THE MIDWESTERN USA
Authors: Brewer Shannon K. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTThis study examined how spring‐flow (SF) contributions to streams related to the distribution and abundance of smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu in a predominately pasture landscape in Missouri, USA. Stream segments (N = 13) with similar landscape characters were classified by SF volume into high SF (HSF) or low SF (LSF) groups. The densities of smallmouth bass, channel unit (CU) use and temperature‐selection patterns were assessed for several life stages and frequency distributions for age 0 fish. More smallmouth bass were present in stream segments with HSF influence. Age 0 fish were twice as likely to be present in HSF stream segments. Older age classes were present in stream reaches independent of SF contribution. For all age classes, the use of particular CUs did not depend on SF influence. All age classes were more likely to be present in pools than other CUs. Microhabitat temperature selection differed among age classes. Age 0 fish selected warmer temperatures with a gradual shift towards cooler temperatures for older age classes. The length frequency of age 0 fish was skewed towards larger individuals in streams with limited SF influence, whereas the length frequency in HSF stream segments was skewed towards smaller individuals. The benefits of significant groundwater via SF influence seem to be related to increased hatch or survival of age 0 fish and the availability of optimal temperatures for adult smallmouth bass growth. Thermal refugia and stable flows provided by springs should be recognised for their biological potential to provide suitable habitat as climate change and other land‐use alterations increase temperature regimes and alter flow patterns. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measuring knowledge integration: Validation of four‐year assessments
Authors: Liu Ou Lydia , Lee Hee‐Sun , Linn Marcia C. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractScience education needs valid, authentic, and efficient assessments. Many typical science assessments primarily measure recall of isolated information. This paper reports on the validation of assessments that measure knowledge integration ability among middle school and high school students. The assessments were administered to 18,729 students in five states. Rasch analyses of the assessments demonstrated satisfactory item fit, item difficulty, test reliability, and person reliability. The study showed that, when appropriately designed, knowledge integration assessments can be balanced between validity and reliability, authenticity and generalizability, and instructional sensitivity and technical quality. Results also showed that, when paired with multiple‐choice items and scored with an effective scoring rubric, constructed‐response items can achieve high reliabilities. Analyses showed that English language learner status and computer use significantly impacted students' science knowledge integration abilities. Students who took the assessment online, which matched the format of content delivery, performed significantly better than students who took the paper‐and‐pencil version. Implications and future directions of research are noted, including refining curriculum materials to meet the needs of diverse students and expanding the range of topics measured by knowledge integration assessments. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 48: 1079–1107, 2011
Science motivation questionnaire II: Validation with science majors and nonscience majors
Authors: Glynn Shawn M. , Brickman Peggy , Armstrong Norris , Taasoobshirazi Gita 
Published: September 2011

AbstractFrom the perspective of social cognitive theory, the motivation of students to learn science in college courses was examined. The students—367 science majors and 313 nonscience majors—responded to the Science Motivation Questionnaire II, which assessed five motivation components: intrinsic motivation, self‐determination, self‐efficacy, career motivation, and grade motivation. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses provided evidence of questionnaire construct validity. The motivation components, especially self‐efficacy, were related to the students' college science grade point averages. The science majors scored higher than the nonscience majors on all of the motivation components. Among both science majors and nonscience majors, men had higher self‐efficacy than women, and women had higher self‐determination than men. The findings suggest that the questionnaire is a valid and efficient tool for assessing components of students' motivation to learn science in college courses, and that the components play a role in students' science achievement. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 48: 1159–1176, 2011
Right hepatectomy using Glissonean pedicle transection method with anterior approach (with video)
Authors: Katagiri Satoshi , Ariizumi Shun‐ichi , Kotera Yoshihito , Takahashi Yutaka , Yamamoto Masakazu 
Published: September 2011

AbstractRight hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common major operation in liver surgery; therefore, liver surgeons should know the fundamental surgical concept and techniques of the Glissonean pedicle approach. A J‐shaped or reversed T laparotomy is performed in the right subcostal area. The Glissonean pedicle approach is performed at the hepatic hilus. In this approach, the right anterior and posterior Glissonean pedicles are encircled and ligated without liver dissection. The right hepatic artery, right portal vein and right hepatic duct in the hepatoduodenal ligament should be divided if the Glissonean pedicles cannot be approached easily. After confirming the border between the right and left liver, the liver parenchyma is dissected from the anterior surface of the liver to the anterior surface of the inferior vena cava (IVC). The V5 and V8 middle hepatic veins are divided and liver dissection is performed along the main middle hepatic vein. Finally, the anterior surface of the IVC and the trunk of the right hepatic vein are identified in the liver. This approach is widely known as the anterior approach described by Lai and Fan (World J Surg 20:314–8, 1996). However, this procedure had already been reported by Takasaki et al. (Shoukakigeka 7:1545–51, 1984) but since they did not report this procedure in English, their pioneering work on the anterior approach has not been recognized. The liver hanging maneuver described by Belghiti et al. (J Am Coll Surg 193:109–111, 2001) is also useful in right hepatectomy. Among the techniques used in right hepatectomy, the Glissonean pedicle approach, the anterior approach and the liver hanging maneuver are considered to be the most important.
Early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy after percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage
Authors: Han In Woong , Jang Jin‐Young , Kang Mee Joo , Lee Kyoung Bun , Lee Seung Eun , Kim Sun‐Whe 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackgroundPercutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD) is a procedure to resolve acute cholecystitis (AC). It may decrease the technical difficulty of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) and thus may facilitate successful surgery when a patients’ condition improves. However, the timing of LC after PTGBD remains controversial.MethodsFrom 2004 to 2010, cholecystectomy after PTGBD was performed in 67 patients with AC. Group I members underwent LC within 72 h of PTGBD (n = 21), whereas group II members underwent LC at more than 72 h after PTGBD (n = 46).ResultsThe open conversion rate was similar in the two groups. The perioperative complication rate was higher in group I than in group II, but with marginal significance (19.0 vs. 4.3%;p = 0.07). Mean operative time was longer in group I than in group II (79.3 ± 25.3 vs. 53.7 ± 45.3 min;p = 0.02). However, overall hospital stay was shorter in group I than in group II, but with marginal significance (10.8 ± 4.5 vs. 14.7 ± 9.3 days;p = 0.08).ConclusionsPros and cons were well balanced between the two groups. Decisions on the timing of cholecystectomy after PTGBD should be made based on considerations of patient condition, hospital facilities, and surgical experience.
An Emerging Action Science of Social Settings
Authors: Seidman Edward 
Published: September 2011

AbstractSeymour B. Sarason's innovative ideas have influenced much of my work. These same ideas—in particular, his concepts of social settings, behavioral and programmatic regularities, and the universe of alternatives—also serve as the foundation for an action science of social settings. Questions regarding theory, measurement, intervention, and research design and data analysis are central to the development of this action science, and there have been recent innovations in each of these areas. However, future challenges remain for the field. We must continue to move forward to advance an action science of social settings and make a real difference in people's lives.
The Danish Cartoon Controversy and the Challenges of Multicultural Politics
Authors: Downs Donald 
Published: September 2011

Jytte Klausen's The Cartoons That Shook the World offers an interesting political science account of the Danish cartoon controversy and of a broader set of tensions between multiculturalism, civility, and freedom of expression. The book is also a fascinating case study of how political science can itself become the object of dispute, due to Yale University Press' decision to publish the book without any reproductions of the controversial cartoons.We have thus asked a range of political scientists to comment on the Danish cartoon imbroglio, the book's analysis of it, and the controversy over the book itself.—Jeffrey C. Isaac, Editor
Efficacy of Single‐Suture Incision Closures in Tagged Juvenile Chinook Salmon Exposed to Simulated Turbine Passage
Authors: Boyd James W. , Deters Katherine A. , Brown Richard S. , Eppard M. Brad 
Published: September 2011

AbstractReductions in the size of acoustic transmitters implanted in migrating juvenile salmonids have resulted in the use of a shorter incision—one that may warrant only a single suture for closure. However, it is not known whether a single suture will sufficiently hold the incision closed when fish are decompressed and when outward pressure is placed on the surgical site during turbine passage through hydroelectric dams. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of single‐suture incision closures on five response variables in juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha that were subjected to simulated turbine passage. An acoustic transmitter (0.43 g in air) and a passive integrated transponder tag (0.10 g in air) were implanted in each fish; the 6‐mm incisions were closed with either one suture or two sutures. After exposure to simulated turbine passage, none of the fish exhibited expulsion of transmitters. In addition, the percentage of fish with suture tearing, incision tearing, or mortal injury did not differ between treatments. Expulsion of viscera through the incision was higher among fish that received one suture (12%) than among fish that received two sutures (1%). The higher incidence of visceral expulsion through single‐suture incisions warrants concern. Consequently, for cases in which tagged juvenile salmonids may be exposed to turbine passage, we do not recommend the use of one suture to close 6‐mm incisions associated with acoustic transmitter implantation.
The Dreams of Shaykh Safi al-Din and Safavid Historical Writing
Authors: Quinn Sholeh A. 
Published: September 2011

In their narratives of the rise of the Safavid dynasty, many Safavid chroniclers include accounts of either one or two dreams of Shaykh Safi al-Din (1253-1334), founder of the Safavid order. A historiographical reading of the various renditions of the dreams serves several important purposes: it gives insight into the historical methodology of the Safavid chroniclers, it indicates changing religious perspectives in Safavid Iran, and it demonstrates the patterns of political legitimacy that evolved from the reign of Shah Isma'il (1501-1524) to the reign of Shah ‘Abbas I (1587-1629). This paper will thus examine six versions of Shaykh Safi's dreams and show how interpretations of the dreams changed over time, based on evolving religious and political attitudes.Scholars have long been aware of the importance of dreams in Islamic history, and have outlined the many religious and political functions of dream episodes in historical and philosophical texts.
Multivessel versus single vessel spasm, as assessed by the intracoronary acetylcholine provocation test, in Korean patients
Authors: Park Ji Young , Rha Seung‐Woon , Jin Zhe , Poddar Kanhaiya L , Ramasamy Sureshkumar , Chen Kang‐Yin , Li Yong‐Jian , Choi Byoung Geol , Ryu Sung Kee , Choi Jae Woong , Song Eun Ju , Ryou Ji Won , Elnagar Amro , Kim Yun Kyung , Na Jin Oh , Choi Cheol Ung , Lim Hong Euy , Kim Jin Won , Kim Eung Ju , Park Chang Gyu , Seo Hong Seog , Oh Dong Joo 
Published: September 2011

Summary1. Coronary artery spasm (CAS) is known to be a major cause of myocardial ischaemia. Multivessel coronary spasm (MVS) in particular is likely to induce more severe and prolonged myocardial ischaemia than single vessel spasm (SVS).2. In the present study, a total of 1082 consecutive patients without significant coronary artery disease who underwent an acetylcholine (ACh) provocation test between March 2004 and April 2009 were investigated. Patients were divided into three groups: an MVS group (n = 275), an SVS group (n = 376) and a non‐CAS group (n = 431). Differences in clinical and angiographic characteristics following the ACh provocation test were evaluated between the MVS, SVS and non‐CAS groups.3. At baseline, patients in the MVS group had the highest prevalence of peripheral artery disease (PAD), hyperlipidaemia, smoking and old age, as well as the highest triglyceride levels. Calcium channel blockers were most frequently prescribed in MVS patients before the ACh test. During the ACh test, the highest prevalence of chest pain, ischaemic electrocardiogram changes, baseline spasms and diffuse and severe spasms were observed in the MVS group. The response rate to lower ACh doses that induce CAS was also higher in the MVS group. Multivariate analysis showed that the presence of PAD (odds ratio (OR) 2.0; P = 0.006) and baseline spasm (OR 1.4; P = 0.045) were independent predictors of ACh‐induced MVS.4. In conclusion, ischaemic symptoms, diffuse and severe spasm and baseline spasm were more frequently associated with MVS patients, suggesting more intensive medical therapies and close clinical follow up would be required for this patient group.
Skin manifestations of obesity: a comparative study
Authors: Boza J.C. , Trindade E.N. , Peruzzo J. , Sachett L. , Rech L. , Cestari T.F. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackground  Obesity is one of the world’s biggest health problems nowadays. Little research has been done on the skin diseases that affect obese patients.Objective  To study the prevalence of skin manifestations in obese patients compared with a control group of normal‐weight patients.Methods  A total of 76 obese patients [body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2] and 73 with normal‐weight volunteers (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2) were included in the study and had their complete medical history and skin examination evaluated by the same examiner. All patients were investigated for the presence of metabolic syndrome.Results  The dermatoses that showed a statistically significant relationship with obesity, compared with the control group were: striae (P < 0.001), plantar hyperkeratosis (P < 0.001), acrochordons (P = 0.007), intertrigo (P < 0.001), pseudoacanthosis nigricans (P < 0.001), keratosis pilaris (P = 0.006), lymphedema (P = 0.002) and bacterial infections (P = 0.05). The presence of striae, pseudoacanthosis nigricans and bacterial infections were also found to be correlated with the degree of obesity.Conclusions  Obesity is strongly related to several skin alterations that could be considered as markers of excessive weight. Skin care of obese patients deserves particular attention, not only because of the high prevalence of cutaneous alteration but mainly because many of these disorders are preventable and could be treated, improving patient’s quality of life.
Porokeratosis: present concepts
Authors: Sertznig P. , von Felbert V. , Megahed M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPorokeratosis represents a group of disorders of epidermal keratinization which are characterized by the histopathological feature of the cornoid lamella, a column of tightly fitted parakeratotic cells. The aetiology of porokeratosis is still unclear. This review summarizes the currently available data on the pathophysiology of this condition and discusses the clinical variants and the currently available therapies.
Carers’ Responses to Challenging Behaviour: A Comparison of Responses to Named and Unnamed Vignettes
Authors: Dagnan Dave 
Published: September 2011

Background  The evidence supporting the application of Weiner’s motivational model of helping to the behaviour of carers’ of people with intellectual disabilities and challenging behaviour is inconsistent. One suggested reason for this is that many studies use stimuli that might generate different responses from those to actual instances of behaviour of real people.Method  Sixty‐two paid carers of people with intellectual disabilities reported attributions, emotions and intended behavioural responses to behaviour presented by an unnamed person and the same behaviour presented by a named and known person. They also completed a scale of behavioural knowledge.Results  Carers make more internal and global attributions and identify themselves as less optimistic in response to vignettes relating to named and known people than those relating to unnamed people. However, data from both unnamed and named vignettes are consistent in supporting Weiner’s motivational model of helping in demonstrating a mediated model for controllability, anger and helping intention.Conclusions  Unnamed vignettes may underestimate the intensity of carers’ responses to challenging behaviour; however, this study does not provide evidence that there are qualitative differences in the interrelationships between variables in data sets obtained from unnamed and named vignettes.