bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electromyography and mechanomyography of elbow agonists and antagonists in Parkinson disease
Authors: Marusiak Jarosław , Jaskólska Anna , Jarocka Ewa , Najwer Wojciech , Kisiel‐Sajewicz Katarzyna , Jaskólski Artur 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to assess the electromyographic (EMG) and mechanomyographic (MMG) activities of agonist and antagonist muscles in Parkinson disease patients during maximal isometric elbow contraction in flexion and extension. Ten elderly females with Parkinson disease (average age 75 years) and 10 age‐matched healthy females were tested. The torque and the EMG and MMG signals from biceps brachii and triceps brachii were recorded during sustained maximal voluntary isometric contraction of the elbow flexors and extensors. There were no intergroup differences in the EMG and MMG activities of agonist and antagonist muscles or in torque. This might be because the Parkinson subjects were tested during their medication “ON” phase, or perhaps maximal isometric contraction (MVC) induced greater active muscle stiffness that affected the MMG signal. Muscle Nerve 40: 240–248, 2009
Quantification of dental caries by osteologists and odontologists—a validity and reliability study
Authors: Liebe‐Harkort C. , Ástvaldsdóttir Á. , Tranæus S. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAs in modern populations, dental caries in early populations is linked to diet and general health. In order to record not only advanced disease states with frank cavitation of teeth but also early lesions, indicating the presence of the disease in a population, it is important that the archaeologist can correctly detect and classify lesions of varying severity. The present study compares and contrasts quantification of dental caries by osteologists and odontologists. Four osteologists and four odontologists undertook visual and radiographic inspection of 61 teeth from three different sources: medieval, 19th century and modern. Separate sets of criteria were applied to disclose observer confidence in detecting a lesion and in estimating lesion extent. For validation of visual assessments, the teeth were sectioned. Radiographic assessments were validated by a specialist in dental radiography. The results disclosed that the odontologists in general showed greater sensitivity than the osteologists, correctly identifying carious lesions, but the osteologists had higher specificity, correctly identifying healthy teeth. Thus, the osteologists tend to overlook carious lesions (under‐diagnosis), while the odontologists tend to incorrectly record lesions in healthy teeth (over‐diagnosis). For both osteologists and odontologists, correct assessment was poorer for radiographs than for visual inspection. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Osseous talocalcaneal coalition in a medieval skeleton (ca. 1050 AD)
Authors: Hofmann M. I. , Böni T. , Rühli F. J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractTarsal coalition (TC) is defined as an abnormal fusion of two or more tarsal bones. The fusion may be fibrous, cartilaginous or osseous and can be congenital or acquired in response to infection, articular disorders, trauma, neoplasm or surgery. We report a case of a talocalcaneal (TCC) type of tarsal coalition in a medieval skeleton from Northwest Germany dating to ca. 1050 AD. The fusion is of osseous type. Plain AP radiographs and computed tomography confirmed the macroscopic diagnosis. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the Plasma Chemistry of CH4H2Ar System Relevant to Diamond Deposition Process by Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Shokri Babak , Yaghmaee Maziar S. , Sarani Abdollah 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDiamond films are extensively deposited using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). In this work, the most important non‐neutral plasma surface processes, which are needed to analyze the deposition mechanism of diamond films from plasma gas phase, are considered. Moreover, the role of ionic species, which is mostly neglected in deposition investigations, has been considered. To analyze the diamond deposition process, we use the reaction probability algorithm for different surface phenomena. Then, using different methods like Motz and Wise modified relation, the reaction probability is transformed to the mass action kinetic rate constant. Our results lead to the calculation of rate coefficients for non‐neutral gas‐surface reactions that take place during the diamond deposition from plasma in CH4H2Ar system.
Tribological Behaviour of Diamond‐Like Carbon Films used in Automotive Application: A Comparison
Authors: Jarry Olivier , Jaoul Cédric , Tristant Pascal , Merle‐Méjean Thérèse , Colas Maggy , Dublanche‐Tixier Christelle , Ageorges Hélène , Lory Claude , Jacquet Jean‐Marie 
Published: May 2009

AbstractExcellent tribological behaviour such as high wear resistance and very low friction coefficient make diamond‐like carbon (DLC) very interesting for automotive applications in order to reduce friction losses in engines. In this work, mechanical properties, structure and tribological behaviour of two DLC films (DLC‐A and B) designed for automotive applications are compared. Better hardness and Young modulus of one of the coating are investigated by Raman analysis. Two laboratory tribometers with and without lubrication are used to evaluate the tribological behaviour of both coatings. In each test, a running‐in period is clearly identified. Most of the wear takes place during this period which also presents a higher friction coefficient. Even if the structure of both DLC films remains stable in depth during the test, the DLC‐B has the best wear resistance for both lubricated and unlubricated conditions. Later on, this best wear resistance of DLC‐B is validated by measurement on test rig.
A High Density Hollow Cathode Plasma PECVD Technique for Depositing Films on the Internal Surfaces of Cylindrical Substrates
Authors: Lusk D. , Casserly T. , Gupta M. , Boinapally K. , Cao Y. , Ramamurti R. , Desai P. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA novel technique for depositing thick diamond‐like carbon‐based films on the internal surface of cylindrical substrates, like pipes, tubes and valves, has been developed. Plasma assisted chemical vapour deposition technology is used to generate a high density hollow cathode plasma within the pipe using asymmetric direct current pulse biasing. The pipe itself is the vacuum and plasma chamber. A description of the general properties of the films, as well as the excellent corrosion resistant properties will be discussed. It is believed that the described film can increase the component life in applications where internal surfaces are exposed to highly corrosive and abrasive media.
Dispersion of Cerium‐Based Nanoparticles in an Organosilicon Plasma Polymerized Coating: Effect on Corrosion Protection
Authors: Bardon Julien , Bour Jerôme , Del Frari Doriane , Arnoult Claire , Ruch David 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPlasma polymerized (pp) layers are promising owing to their ease of deposition. Moreover, incorporation of suitable nanoparticles into a polymer matrix can provide improved properties, for instance an increased corrosion resistance, to the final nanocomposite layer. The efficiency of such an incorporation is highly dependent of the layer structure in general, and more particularly of nanoparticles dispersion in the coating. The synthesis of a hybrid coating for anticorrosion purpose is described. Deposition of a plasma polymerized hexamethyldisiloxane (ppHMDSO) coating matrix with aluminum–cerium oxide nanoparticles incorporation is performed by means of an atmospheric pressure plasma reactor in a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) configuration. Admixture of ethanol within hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) is carried out in order to improve homogeneity and properties of the coating.
Microstructure and Oxidation Resistance of Fe3Al Coatings on Austenitic Stainless Steel by Spark Plasma Sintering
Authors: Nishimoto Akio , Akamatsu Katsuya 
Published: May 2009

AbstractFe3Al intermetallic compound layers were coated on austenitic stainless steel SUS304 by the spark plasma sintering (SPS) process to improve its wear and oxidation resistances. The coating was carried out at 1 173 K for 0.6–10.8 ks at a coating pressure of 3–45 MPa. The coatings were densified with increase in the sinter‐coating temperature and pressure. The tensile strength of the coatings was 30–50 MPa. These coatings fractured at the interface between the coatings and the substrate. The mass increase of coated specimen after oxidizing at 1 123 K for 1 000 ks was less than that of the untreated specimen. This result indicates that the Fe‐Al intermetallic compound coating markedly improved the oxidation resistance of the austenitic stainless steel.
Active‐layer characteristics and summer climatic indices, Mackenzie Valley, Northwest Territories, Canada
Authors: Smith Sharon L. , Wolfe Stephen A. , Riseborough Daniel W. , Nixon F. Mark 
Published: May 2009

AbstractSummer thaw depths at eight monitoring sites in the Mackenzie Valley, determined from probing of grids and thaw tubes, are used to characterise the spatial and temporal variations in active‐layer thickness and to investigate linkages to climatic variations. Intra‐site variability in thaw depths is typically low where organic cover is thin and uniform. Higher variability occurs where moisture contents and organic cover are high and spatially variable.Grid‐mean thaw depths provide robust measures of the average site thaw depth, although they are less than annual maximum active‐layer thicknesses determined by thaw tubes. Values from both measurements correlate reasonably well, permitting estimates of the variations in active‐layer thickness from grid‐mean thaw depths.Active‐layer response to thermal forcing in various settings is well represented by grid‐mean thaw depths and the square‐root of late‐season thawing‐degree days. However, the effect of interannual climate variability on active‐layer thickness is better assessed by maximum tube thaw depths and the square‐root of total thawing‐degree days. Copyright © 2009 Her Majesty the Queen in right of Canada. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antiplasmodial activity of isolated compounds from Carpesium divaricatum
Authors: Chung Ill‐Min , Seo Su‐Hyun , Kang Eun‐Young , Park Won‐Hwan , Park Sun‐Dong , Moon Hyung‐In 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe whole plants of Carpesium divaricatum are used in traditional medicine as an antipyretic, analgesic and vermifugic, including a topical application for sores and inflammation. In a previous paper, the isolation and structural elucidation of isolated ineupatorolides A from methanol extracts of C. rosulatum (Compositae) were reported. The present paper deals with the isolation and identification of antiplasmodial compounds from C. divaricatum in Carpesium spp. Five compounds, 1β,6α‐dihydroxy‐4(15)‐eudesmene [1], β‐dictyopterol [2], 2‐isopropenyl‐6‐acetyl‐8‐methoxy‐1,3‐benzodioxin‐4‐one [3], (3E,6E,10E,14E,18E)‐2,6,10,15,19,23‐hexamethyl‐3,6,10,14,18,22‐tetracosahexaen‐2‐ol [4] and neophytadiene [5], were isolated from the whole plants of C. divaricatum. The in vitro activity against P. falciparum strain D10 was assessed using the parasite lactate dehydrogenase assay method. The main antiplasmodial principle, 2‐isopropenyl‐6‐acetyl‐8‐methoxy‐1,3‐benzodioxin‐4‐one [3], has been isolated from C. divaricatum for the first time. Compound 3 exhibited an antiplasmodial activity with IC50 values of 2.3 ± 0.3 μm. This is the first report on the antiplasmodial activity of the compounds from C. divaricatum. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Latent variable mining with its applications to anomalous behavior detection
Authors: Hirose Shunsuke , Yamanishi Kenji 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a new approach to anomaly detection by looking at the latent variable space to make the first step towardlatent anomaly detection. Most conventional approaches to anomaly detection are concerned with tracking data which are largely deviated from the ordinary pattern. In this paper, we are instead concerned with the issue of how to track changes occurring in the latent variable space consisting of the meta information existing behind directly observed data. For example, in the case of masquerade detection, the conventional task was to detect anomalous command lines related to masqueraders' malicious behaviors. Meanwhile, we rather attempt to track changes of behavioral patterns such aswriting mails,making software, etc. which are information of more abstract level than command lines. The key ideas of the proposed methods are: (i) constructing the model variation vector, which is introduced relative to the latent variable space, and (ii) the latent anomaly detection is reduced to the issue of change‐point detection for the time series that the model variation vector forms. We demonstrate through the experimental results using an artificial data set and a UNIX command data set that our method has significantly enhanced the accuracy of existing anomaly detection methods. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 2: 48‐69, 2009
Lightening the performance burden of individual‐based models through dimensional analysis and scale modeling
Authors: Osgood Nathaniel 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWhile individual‐based models are attractive for some modeling problems, the lengthy times required for simulating large populations can impose high opportunity costs by limiting model comprehension, refinement and user interaction. This paper demonstrates a novel technique for using dimensional analysis and scale modeling to reduce the performance barriers associated with individual‐based model simulation. Given a dimensionally homogeneous simulation model with a large population, we propose a rigorous, systematic and general‐purpose technique to formulate a “reduced‐scale” individual‐based model that simulates a smaller population. Outputs of the reduced‐scale models can be precisely transformed to yield results representative of a full‐scale model—without the need to run the full‐scale model. While discretization effects and heterogeneity limit the degree of scaling that can be achieved, these techniques are notable in relying only upon dimensional homogeneity of the full‐scale model, and not on the specifics of model behavior or use of a particular mathematical framework. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Methotrexate delivery via folate targeted dendrimer‐based nanotherapeutic platform
Authors: Majoros István J. , Williams Christopher R. , Becker Andrew , Baker James R. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis paper provides a synopsis of the advancements made in advancing a dendrimer‐based nanomedicine towards human clinical trials by the Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences. A brief description of the synthesis and characterization of a targeted multifunctional therapeutic will demonstrate the simple yet delicate task of producing novel chemotherapeutic agents. The results obtained from in vitro and in vivo studies not only authenticate the potential of using nanoparticles to target therapeutics but also provide valuable insight towards the future directions of this technology. A fundamental, cross‐disciplinary collaboration was necessary to achieve the synthesis and testing of this technology, and was the keystone to establishing this innovative invention. Throughout this paper, we will stress that the unique collaboration that facilitated the evolution of this technology is vital to the success of future developments in nanomedicine. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.This article is categorized under:

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Role of neutrophils in innate immunity: a systems biology‐level approach
Authors: Kobayashi Scott D. , DeLeo Frank R. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe innate immune system is the first line of host defense against invading microorganisms. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs or neutrophils) are the most abundant leukocyte in humans and essential to the innate immune response against invading pathogens. Compared with the acquired immune response, which requires time to develop and is dependent on previous interaction with specific microbes, the ability of neutrophils to kill microorganisms is immediate, non‐specific, and not dependent on previous exposure to microorganisms. Historically, studies on PMN‐pathogen interaction focused on the events leading to killing of microorganisms, such as recruitment/chemotaxis, transmigration, phagocytosis, and activation, whereas post‐phagocytosis sequelae were infrequently considered. In addition, it was widely accepted that human neutrophils possessed limited capacity for new gene transcription and thus, relatively little biosynthetic capacity. This notion has changed dramatically within the past decade. Further, there is now more effort directed to understand the events occurring in PMNs after killing of microbes. Herein we review the systems biology‐level approaches that have been used to gain an enhanced view of the role of neutrophils during host‐pathogen interaction. We anticipate that these and future systems‐level studies will ultimately provide information critical to our understanding, treatment, and control of diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.This article is categorized under:

Physiology > Organismal Responses to Environment
Novel copy number variants in children with autism and additional developmental anomalies
Authors: Davis L. K. , Meyer K. J. , Rudd D. S. , Librant A. L. , Epping E. A. , Sheffield V. C. , Wassink T. H. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by three core symptom domains: ritualistic-repetitive behaviors, impaired social interaction, and impaired communication and language development. Recent studies have highlighted etiologically relevant recurrent copy number changes in autism, such as 16p11.2 deletions and duplications, as well as a significant role for unique, novel variants. We used Affymetrix 250K GeneChip Microarray technology (either NspI or StyI) to detect microdeletions and duplications in a subset of children from the Autism Genetic Resource Exchange (AGRE). In order to enrich our sample for potentially pathogenic CNVs we selected children with autism who had additional features suggestive of chromosomal loss associated with developmental disturbance (positive criteria filter) but who had normal cytogenetic testing (negative criteria filter). We identified families with the following features: at least one child with autism who also had facial dysmorphology, limb or digit abnormalities, or ocular abnormalities. To detect changes in copy number we used a publicly available program, Copy Number Analyser for GeneChip® (CNAG) Ver. 2.0. We identified novel deletions and duplications on chromosomes 1q24.2, 3p26.2, 4q34.2, and 6q24.3. Several of these deletions and duplications include new and interesting candidate genes for autism such as syntaxin binding protein 5 (STXBP5 also known as tomosyn) and leucine rich repeat neuronal 1 (LRRN1 also known as NLRR1). Lastly, our data suggest that rare and potentially pathogenic microdeletions and duplications may have a substantially higher prevalence in children with autism and additional developmental anomalies than in children with autism alone.
Deficient NRG1-ERBB signaling alters social approach: relevance to genetic mouse models of schizophrenia
Authors: Moy Sheryl S. , Troy Ghashghaei H. , Nonneman Randal J. , Weimer Jill M. , Yokota Yukako , Lee Daekee , Lai Cary , Threadgill David W. , Anton E. S. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Growth factor Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) plays an essential role in development and organization of the cerebral cortex. NRG1 and its receptors, ERBB3 and ERBB4, have been implicated in genetic susceptibility for schizophrenia. Disease symptoms include asociality and altered social interaction. To investigate the role of NRG1-ERBB signaling in social behavior, mice heterozygous for an Nrg1 null allele (Nrg1+/−), and mice with conditional ablation of Erbb3 or Erbb4 in the central nervous system, were evaluated for sociability and social novelty preference in a three-chambered choice task. Results showed that deficiencies in NRG1 or ERBB3 significantly enhanced sociability. All of the mutant groups demonstrated a lack of social novelty preference, in contrast to their respective wild-type controls. Effects of NRG1, ERBB3, or ERBB4 deficiency on social behavior could not be attributed to general changes in anxiety-like behavior, activity, or loss of olfactory ability. Nrg1+/− pups did not exhibit changes in isolation-induced ultrasonic vocalizations, a measure of emotional reactivity. Overall, these findings provide evidence that social behavior is mediated by NRG1-ERBB signaling.
The relationship between frequency of family dinner and adolescent problem behaviors after adjusting for other family characteristics
Authors: Sen Bisakha 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo examine the association between frequency of family dinners (FFD) and selected problem behaviors for adolescents after adjusting for family connectedness, parental awareness, other family activities, and other potentially confounding factors.MethodsData are drawn from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1997. The primary variable of interest is self‐reported FFD in a typical week. Problem behaviors studied are substance‐use, physical violence, property‐destruction, stealing, running away from home, andgang membership. Multivariate logistic models are estimated for each behaviors. Linear regression models are estimated for behavior‐frequency for the sub‐samples engaging in them. Analysis is done separately by gender.ResultsFFD is negatively associated with substance‐use and running away for females; drinking, physical violence, property‐destruction, stealing and running away for males.ConclusionFamily meals are negatively associated to certain problem behaviors for adolescents even after controlling rigorously for potentially confounding factors. Thus, programs that promote family meals are beneficial.
Parent–child relationship trajectories during adolescence: Longitudinal associations with romantic outcomes in emerging adulthood
Authors: Seiffge‐Krenke Inge , Overbeek Geertjan , Vermulst Ad 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACTThis study examined the developmental trajectories of parent–child relationships in adolescence, especially with respect to changes in support levels and negativity, and analyzed if and how these trajectories were associated with the subsequent quality of romantic relationships in young adulthood. A sample of 145 German subjects was followed across six waves (i.e., ages 14, 15, 16, 17, 21, and 23 years). Growth mixture modeling revealed three developmental trajectories of parent–child relationships across adolescence (i.e., normative, increasingly negative, and decreasingly negative/distant), which were associated with the quality of romantic outcomes at two times in emerging adulthood. Earlier mother–adolescent relationships were distinctively linked with connectedness and sexual attraction experienced in young adults' romantic relationships. Distant father–child relationships during adolescence were linked with the child's later anxious love.