bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and characterization of proanthocyanidins of 16 members of the Rhododendron genus (Ericaceae) by tandem LC–MS
Authors: Jaiswal Rakesh , Jayasinghe Lalith , Kuhnert Nikolai 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTThe proanthocyanidins of the leaves of 16 taxa of the Rhododendron genus (Ericaceae) [Rhododendron ‘Catawbiense Grandiflorum’, Rhododendron ‘Cunningham's White’, Rhododendron smirnowii Trautv., Rhododendron calophytum Franch., Rhododendron dichroanthum ssp. scyphocalyx (Balf. f. & Forrest ) Cowan, Rhododendron micranthum Turcz., Rhododendron praevernum Hutch., Rhododendron ungernii Trautv., Rhododendron kaempferi Planch., Rhododendron degronianum ssp. heptamerum var. hondoense (Nakai ) H. Hara, Rhododendron fortunei Lindl., Rhododendron ponticum L., Rhododendron galactinum Balf. f. ex Tagg., Rhododendron oreotrephes W. W. Sm., Rhododendron brachycarpum ssp. brachycarpum D. Don ex G. Don, and Rhododendron insigne Hemsl. & E. H. Wilson ] were investigated qualitatively by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry in series. Twenty‐nine dimeric proanthocyanidins based on (epi)catechin and (epi)gallocatechin were detected and characterized on the basis of their unique fragmentation pattern in the negative ion mode tandem mass spectrometry spectra. All of them were extracted for the first time from these sources, and ten of them were not reported previously in nature. The position of the galloyl residue was assigned on the basis of the retro‐Diels–Alder fragmentation and the dehydrated retro‐Diels–Alder fragmentation; it resulted from the loss of gallic acid as a neutral loss in the negative ion mode. Furthermore, four caffeoylquinic acids, six p‐coumaroylquinic acids, epigallocatechin, gallocatechin, catechin, epicatechin, epigallocatechin gallate, catechin gallate, epicatechin gallate, gallocatechin gallate, two quercetin‐O‐hexosides, quercetin‐O‐galloyl‐hexoside, quercetin‐O‐pentoside, quercetin‐O‐rhamnoside, quercetin‐O‐pentoside‐O‐hexoside, quercetin‐O‐rhamnoside‐O‐hexoside, quercetin‐O‐feruloyl‐hexoside, quercetin‐O‐(p‐hydroxy)benzoyl‐hexoside, taxifolin‐O‐pentoside, myricetin‐O‐rhamnoside, two myricetin‐O‐pentosides, three myricetin‐O‐hexosides, and two myricetin‐O‐galloyl‐hexosides were detected and shown to possess characteristic tandem mass spectrometry spectra and were tentatively assigned on the basis of their retention time. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamics of calling: A longitudinal study of musicians
Authors: Dobrow Shoshana R. 
Published: June 2012

SummaryThe dominant view of calling among management scholars is that it is a stable construct that does not change. This view has resulted in a research void about calling's early development and subsequent evolution. Insight into the dynamic process through which callings develop is fundamental to understanding its role in people's careers and lives. In this study, I focus on the antecedents of calling, a consuming, meaningful passion people can experience toward a domain. I propose a dynamic model in which calling can change over time and can be shaped by antecedent factors, specifically, through people's ability, behavioral involvement, and social comfort in the area toward which they feel a calling. I tested these ideas in a seven‐year, four‐wave prospective longitudinal survey study of 450 amateur musicians. Multilevel analyses indicate individuals who were more behaviorally involved and felt higher social comfort in the calling domain (e.g., music) experienced higher levels of calling early on but experienced a decline in calling over time. Individuals' ability in the calling domain was not related to initial calling or change in calling. I discuss the implications for theory and research on calling, meaning of work, and the dynamics of careers. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solid‐pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas: Clinical features, pathological characteristics, and origin
Authors: Ye Jinhua , Ma Mingzhe , Cheng Dongfeng , Yuan Fei , Deng Xiaxing , Zhan Qian , Shen Baiyong , Peng Chenghong 
Published: June 2012

AbstractObjectveTo study clinically pathological features and origin of solid‐pseudopapillary tumor of pancreas (SPT).Patients and MethodsClinical and pathological data of 82 cases with SPT were retrospectively studied. SAS6.12 statistics package was used for analysis. P < 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant difference.ResultsThe SPT patients included 70 females and 12 males, with a median age of 31 years old. The mean tumor size was 6.71 ± 4.42 cm. Vascular or organs was invaded in nine cases. The clinical and pathological characteristics show no significant difference between male and female patients. In the non‐encapsulate group (22 cases), the tumor was larger (P = 0.0015), exogenous growth pattern (P = 0.0194), and would probably involve major vascular or organs (P = 1.697E−06). The typical features of SPT include pseudopapillary pattern with fibro vascular stalks by uniform poorly cohesive polygonal cells. The tumor cell expresses a variety of immune markers in heterogeneity. Under electron microscope, there are some electron dense granules, about 8–1.2 µm in diameter, with membrane similar to the zymogen granules in SPT cell cytoplasm.ConclusionsSPT with incomplete capsule often presents malignant behaviors. SPT shows multi‐heterogeneity, which is caused by the disorder in the development of pancreatic stem cell. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 106:728–735. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the buccal mucosa: Outcomes of Treatment in the modern era
Authors: Bachar Gideon , Goldstein David P. , Barker Emma , Lea Jane , O'Sullivan Brian , Brown Dale H. , Gullane Patrick J. , Gilbert Ralph W. , Xu Wei , Su Jie , Irish Jonathan C. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:The objective of this study was to analyze the patterns of failure and to determine clinical and pathologic factors predictive of recurrence and survival of patients treated for squamous cell carcinoma of the buccal mucosa at Princess Margaret Hospital.Study Design:Retrospective chart review.Methods:A retrospective chart review of patients treated for buccal carcinoma between 1994 and 2004 was performed. Seventy patients with newly diagnosed and previously untreated squamous cell carcinoma of the buccal mucosa were included. Demographic, clinical, and pathological parameters were identified and correlated with outcomes.Results:The patient cohort consisted of 33 males and 37 females. Most patients presented with early‐stage local disease (T1‐T2). Surgery was the primary treatment in 61 patients. Twenty‐three patients were treated with postoperative radiotherapy. Median follow‐up was 3.3 years. The 5‐year local, regional, and overall control rates were 57.5%, 83.5%, and 50%, respectively. The 5‐year overall survival rate was 69%. The 5‐year disease‐specific and recurrence‐free survival rates were 76.4% and 46%, respectively. The only significant predictors of survival were the nodal status and extranodal extension.Conclusions:Carcinoma of the buccal mucosa is an aggressive disease, characterized by a high rate of locoregional failure. Transoral wide excision is an adequate treatment for early‐stage lesions; however, a combined approach and an elective neck dissection should be considered in advanced lesions.
Social networking and professionalism in otolaryngology residency applicants
Authors: Golden J. Blake , Sweeny Larissa , Bush Ben , Carroll William R. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To assess compliance with Accreditation Council for Graduation Medical Education standards of professionalism among otolaryngology residency applicants with publicly searchable Facebook profiles.Study Design:Case series.Methods:Applicants to an otolaryngology residency program were searched on the Facebook website. Multiple matches were narrowed by available information until the correct individual was identified. Searches were performed in a manner that would not allow access to restricted information, thus showing only what would be accessible publicly. Four reviewers evaluated all profiles and generated a professionalism score. Scores were collated with National Resident Matching Program data and match results to identify significant associations.Results:Of the 234 applicants to our institution, 119 had Facebook profiles. Of these, 85 profiles contained information beyond simple demographics. Eleven percent of applicant profiles contained pictures or text that at least one reviewer felt could be perceived as unprofessional. There were six profiles with content considered to be concerning and one profile that contained clear violations of professional boundaries. Professionalism score did not correlate with whether the applicant matched, was interviewed, or received a place on the rank list. Age, gender, marital status, and Step 1 score did not correlate with a lower professionalism score. Our series included 61% of all otolaryngology applicants.Conclusions:Publicly available Facebook profiles with questionable content existed for 11% of otolaryngology applicants in this series. This finding did not affect applicants' match outcomes, nor was it predicted by any data available on the applicants' applications. Laryngoscope, 2012
Posterior semicircular canal dehiscence following endolymphatic sac surgery
Authors: Kiumehr Saman , Mahboubi Hossein , Djalilian Hamid R. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPosterior semicircular canal dehiscence is a rare otologic entity that presents with third window signs and symptoms. Petrous apex cholesteatoma, fibrous dysplasia, high riding jugular bulb, and eosinophilic granuloma have been reported to be associated with posterior semicircular canal dehiscence. Here we report a case of development of posterior semicircular canal dehiscence following an endolymphatic sac surgery for the first time. Laryngoscope, 2012
Granulocyte macrophage colony‐stimulating factor treatment of a patient in myasthenic crisis: Effects on regulatory T cells
Authors: Rowin Julie , Thiruppathi Muthusamy , Arhebamen Ebinehita , Sheng Jianrong , Prabhakar Bellur S. , Meriggioli Matthew N. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIntroduction: In this study we describe a patient with a prolonged myasthenic crisis refractory to conventional immunomodulatory therapy who was treated with GM‐CSF (granulocyte macrophage colony‐stimulating factor, sargramostim). Methods: T‐regulatory cell (Treg) suppressive function and Foxp3 expression were evaluated before and after treatment with GM‐CSF. Results: Treatment with GM‐CSF was associated with clinical improvement, expansion in the circulating numbers of Foxp3+ cells, increase in Foxp3 expression levels in Tregs, early improvement in Treg suppressive capacity for AChR‐α–induced T‐cell proliferation, and subsequent enhancement in Treg suppression of polyclonal T‐cell proliferation. Conclusion: Although definitive conclusions cannot be drawn from a single case, the correlation with similar findings in GM‐CSF–treated animals with experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis suggests further exploration of the effects of GM‐CSF in myasthenia gravis should be studied in a clinical trial setting. Muscle Nerve 46: 449–453, 2012
Homogenates of skeletal muscle injected with snake venom inhibit myogenic differentiation in cell culture
Authors: Saravia‐Otten Patricia , Robledo BáRbara , Escalante Teresa , Bonilla Llira , Rucavado Alexandra , Lomonte Bruno , Hernández Rosario , Flock Jan‐Ingmar , Gutiérrez José María , Gastaldello Stefano 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIntroduction: Viperid snakebite envenomings are characterized by muscle necrosis and a deficient regenerative response. Methods: Homogenates from gastrocnemius muscles of mice injected with the venom of the snake Bothrops asper or with 2 tissue‐damaging toxins were added to cultures of C2C12 myogenic cells. Myoblasts proliferation and fusion were assessed. Venom was detected by immunoassay in mouse muscle during the first week after injection. Results: Homogenates from venom‐injected muscle induced a drop in the number of proliferating myoblasts and a complete elimination of myotube formation. The inhibitory effect induced by homogenates from venom‐injected mice was abrogated by preincubation of the homogenate with antivenom antibodies but not with control antibodies. This finding provides evidence that the effect is due to the action of venom in the tissue. Conclusions: Our observations suggest that traces of venom in muscle tissue might inhibit myotube formation and preclude a successful regenerative response. Muscle Nerve, 2013
Contralateral weakness following botulinum toxin for poststroke spasticity
Authors: Thomas Anila M. , Simpson David M. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIntroduction:We describe 2 patients who received botulinum toxin A (BoNT) for poststroke spasticity and developed contralateral limb weakness.Methods:Both patients received high doses of BoNT with large dilution volumes and injection in the proximal upper extremity muscles, and developed weakness of the contralateral upper limb. These patients then underwent electrodiagnostic testing of the affected limb.Results:Repetitive nerve stimulation of the axillary and spinal accessory nerves revealed decrements of 23% and 16%, respectively. EMG revealed abnormal spontaneous activity and small polyphasic motor unit potentials with reduced recruitment. These findings indicated blockade of the neuromuscular junction. Both patients improved.Conclusions:Isolated weakness of the contralateral limb after BoNT injection for poststroke spasticity suggests diffusion of toxin through tissue planes from proximal upper extremity muscles, across the midline, to contralateral muscles. High doses of botulinum toxin, high dilution volumes, and injection of proximal upper extremity muscles appear to be risk factors for this adverse effect. Muscle Nerve 46: 443–448, 2012
Nonlinear model order reduction based on local reduced‐order bases
Authors: Amsallem David , Zahr Matthew J. , Farhat Charbel 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYA new approach for the dimensional reduction via projection of nonlinear computational models based on the concept of local reduced‐order bases is presented. It is particularly suited for problems characterized by different physical regimes, parameter variations, or moving features such as discontinuities and fronts. Instead of approximating the solution of interest in a fixed lower‐dimensional subspace of global basis vectors, the proposed model order reduction method approximates this solution in a lower‐dimensional subspace generated by most appropriate local basis vectors. To this effect, the solution space is partitioned into subregions, and a local reduced‐order basis is constructed and assigned to each subregion offline. During the incremental solution online of the reduced problem, a local basis is chosen according to the subregion of the solution space where the current high‐dimensional solution lies. This is achievable in real time because the computational complexity of the selection algorithm scales with the dimension of the lower‐dimensional solution space. Because it is also applicable to the process of hyper reduction, the proposed method for nonlinear model order reduction is computationally efficient. Its potential for achieving large speedups while maintaining good accuracy is demonstrated for two nonlinear computational fluid and fluid‐structure‐electric interaction problems. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Screening of N‐Alkyl‐Cyanoacetamido Oximes as Substitutes for N‐Hydroxysuccinimide
Authors: Khattab Sherine N. , Subirós‐Funosas Ramon , El‐Faham Ayman , Albericio Fernando 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPeptide‐bond formation is a pivotal process in the synthesis of peptide oligomers. Among the various coupling methodologies described, carbodiimides combine strong acylation potency and smooth reaction conditions, and they are commonly used in the presence of N‐hydroxylamine additives. In recent years, acidic oxime templates, mainly ethyl 2‐cyano‐2‐(hydroxyimino) acetate (Oxyma), have emerged as highly reactive alternatives to the classic and explosive‐prone benzotriazolic additives, 1‐hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) and 1‐hydroxy‐7‐azabenzotriazole (HOAt). However, to achieve certain biochemical targets, less reactive species, such as N‐hydroxysuccinimide (HOSu) esters, are often required to obtain stability under aqueous conditions. In the present study, we report on a new family of water‐soluble N‐alkyl‐cyanoacetamido oximes, most of which have proven useful in the construction of active carbonates for the introduction of fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) with minimal impact of dipeptide impurities. We performed a direct comparison of these new N‐alkyl‐cyanoacetamido oximes with HOSu in order to evaluate their capacity to retain optical purity and their coupling efficiency in the assembly of bulky residues.
Hepatocarcinogenesis in non‐cirrhotic liver is associated with a reduced number of clonal hepatocellular patches in non‐tumorous liver parenchyma
Authors: Adam Alexander C. , Faudou Viola , Paschen Stefan A , Adam Olaf M , Kahl Philip , Drebber Uta , Fischer Hans‐Peter , Büttner Reinhard 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe investigated circumscribed cell proliferations in healthy livers in comparison to non‐cirrhotic livers bearing hepatocellular carcinoma. Using histochemical staining for cytochrome c oxidase, the fourth complex of the respiratory chain, we visualized patch‐forming descendents of regeneratively active liver cells. The clonal nature of these patches was verified by laser‐capture microdissection and Sanger sequencing of the enzyme's core subunits in patches carrying marker mutations on the mtDNA. We demonstrate a highly significant increase of the patch size and also a highly significant increase in the number of patches carrying marker mutations between hepatocellular carcinoma‐free and ‐bearing livers. Thus, the carcinoma‐bearing livers accumulated more genetic damage on mtDNA than the control group. Furthermore, for the first time, we present evidence in hepatocellular carcinoma‐bearing non‐cirrhotic livers of a significantly reduced pool of regeneratively active liver cells that are genetically and functionally altered. The analogy to ageing‐related changes is suggestive of premature ageing of stem cells in non‐cirrhotic hepatocellular carcinoma‐bearing liver as an early step to hepatocarcinogenesis. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychosocial predictors of adherence to lymphedema risk minimization guidelines among women with breast cancer
Authors: Sherman Kerry A. , Koelmeyer Louise 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe effective management of lymphedema risk following breast cancer surgery and treatment requires enactment of simple behavioural strategies, including regularly checking for early lymphedema symptoms. Adopting a broad self‐regulatory perspective, our aim for this study was to identify psychological factors associated with adherence to these risk management strategies.MethodsWomen (N = 98) recently diagnosed with breast cancer and scheduled for breast and lymph node surgery completed questionnaires prior to surgery and at 3 months post‐surgery. Variables assessed included demographics, cognitive belief variables in relation to lymphedema and its management (perceived negative consequences, perceived lymphedema controllability, self‐efficacy, perceived personal risk, perceived self‐regulatory ability to manage risk‐related distress), lymphedema knowledge, trait anxiety and adherence to lymphedema risk management recommendations.ResultsGreater adherence was associated bivariately with greater beliefs in lymphedema controllability, self‐efficacy, perceived consequences and perceived self‐regulatory ability. Linear regression analyses revealed that only greater beliefs in the controllability of lymphedema and self‐regulatory ability, as well as greater knowledge, were predictive of greater adherence to risk management strategies.ConclusionsThis study highlights the importance of underlying beliefs as determinants of whether a woman who is informed and knowledgeable about lymphedema risk and its management will undertake the recommended risk management actions. Along with raising awareness of lymphedema and its risk management, health professionals should promote positive beliefs among women regarding the controllability of lymphedema through early‐detection/early‐treatment approaches. In addition, educational approaches should aim to enhance a woman's beliefs in her ability to adhere to these risk management recommendations over time. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trophic inferences of blue shark (Prionace glauca) in the Mexican Pacific from stable isotope analysis in teeth
Authors: Polo‐Silva Carlos J. , Galván‐Magaña Felipe , Delgado‐Huertas Antonio 
Published: June 2012

RATIONALEIsotopic analysis of biogenic tissues such as teeth of elasmobranchs has been well recognized as an important method to interpret present and past environmental conditions. However, few studies on shark teeth have focused their attention on making trophic inferences or reconstruction of diet.METHODSWe analyzed the carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope composition of the tooth crown and root from blue sharks Prionace glauca caught in southern Baja California using a continuous‐flow system by means of an elemental analyzer combined with a Delta Plus XL mass spectrometer, to describe their feeding ecology, considering sex and maturity stage.RESULTSSignificant differences in δ13C values for tooth root were found between immature and mature males, with depleted values of 13C in immature individuals. No statistical differences were found between maturity stages in females for both the C and N isotopes in any part of the tooth, which suggests that females were consuming the same prey in the same area. In addition, we observed significant differences in δ15N values between the tooth crown and root.CONCLUSIONSIsotopic analysis in the tooth crown (dentin) and root may represent a new tool to describe the feeding ecology of different species of elasmobranchs, showing dietary change over a short timescale. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Application of STEM and In situ Controlled Dehydration to Bacterial Systems Using ESEM
Authors: Staniewicz Lech , Donald Athene M. , Stokes Debbie J. , Thomson Nicholas , Sivaniah Easan , Grant Andrew , Bulmer David , Khan Anjam 
Published: June 2012

SummaryTransmission imaging with an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) (Wet STEM) is a recent development in the field of electron microscopy, combining the simple preparation inherent to ESEM work with an alternate form of contrast available through a STEM detector. Because the technique is relatively new, there is little information available on how best to apply this technique and which samples it is best suited for. This work is a description of the sample preparation and microscopy employed by the authors for imaging bacteria with Wet STEM (scanning transmission electron microscopy). Three different bacterial samples will be presented in this study: first, used as a model system, is Escherichia coli for which the contrast mechanisms of STEM are demonstrated along with the visual effects of a dehydration‐induced collapse. This collapse, although clearly in some sense artifactual, is thought to lead to structurally meaningful morphological information. Second, Wet STEM is applied to two distinct bacterial systems to demonstrate the novel types of information accessible by this approach: the plastic‐producing Cupriavidus necator along with wild‐type and ΔmreC knockout mutants of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Cupriavidus necator is shown to exhibit clear internal differences between bacteria with and without plastic granules, while the ΔmreC mutant of S. Typhimurium has an internal morphology distinct from that of the wild type. SCANNING 34: 237‐246, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.