bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applying magnetic soft mold imprint technology with ultraviolet light‐emitting‐diode array on the fabrication of microlens arrays
Authors: Weng Y.‐J. , Yang S.‐Y. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis study proposed a novel technology, which uses exposed technology with ultraviolet light‐emitting‐diode (UV‐LED) arrays and the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) magnetic flexible soft mold imprint technology, to develop exposed equipments with UV‐LED arrays. This study used magnetic soft mold imprint technology to replicate the structure of microlens, providing a more effective alternative for imprint technology and application. The measurement results showed that PDMS with magnetic iron powder can precisely cast mold to replicate the structures of microlens. Electromagnetic plates were used to control even imprinting with magnetic force, in order to fill the mold of micro‐structure of the photo‐resist. Magnetic iron powder was added to PDMS to produce composite material, which can effectively avoid the transformation of pure PDMS during soft mold imprinting, and increase mechanical strength. Magnetic PDMS soft mold is easy to make, and the casting time is short, so that costs can be effectively reduced. Also with advantages of less free energy on its surface, and unlikely to adhere to the photo‐resist during imprinting, it can be combined with electromagnetic plates evenly to control the magnetic soft mold. This imprinting technology is a big advantage to the production process of micro‐structures during imprinting. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conducting films of poly(aniline‐co‐1‐amino‐ 2‐naphthol‐4‐sulfonic acid) blended with LDPE for its application as antistatic encapsulation material
Authors: Bhandari Hema , Singh Satpal , Choudhary Veena , Dhawan S. K. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe paper presents the electrostatic charge dissipative (ESD) properties of the conducting copolymers of aniline (AN) and 1‐amino‐2‐naphthol‐4‐sulfonic acid (ANSA) blended with low‐density polyethylene (LDPE). The copolymers of aniline and ANSA were synthesized under different reaction conditions. Blending of copolymers with LDPE was carried out in twin screw extruder by melt blending method by loading 0.5 and 1.0 wt% of the conducting copolymer in LDPE matrix. The mechanical properties of the blended films depend on the incorporation of copolymer in the LDPE matrix. The morphology of copolymer–LDPE blend was studied by scanning electron microscopy. The conductivity of the blown film of poly(AN‐co‐ANSA)/LDPE blend was found to be in the range of 10−6–10−11 S/cm, showing its potential use as antistatic bag for the encapsulation of electronic equipments. The static decay time of the film was found to be of the order of 0.1–1.9 sec on recording the decay time from 5000 to 500 V. Static charge measurements carried out on the films show that no charge is present on the surface. The level of interaction between the copolymers and the matrix polymer was determined by the FTIR spectra, blend morphology, electrical conductivity, and thermal analysis. The effect of the morphology on electrical and antistatic behavior of copolymers has also been investigated. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Our changing view of the genomic landscape of cancer
Authors: Bell Daphne W 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSporadic tumours, which account for the majority of all human cancers, arise from the acquisition of somatic, genetic and epigenetic alterations leading to changes in gene sequence, structure, copy number and expression. Within the last decade, the availability of a complete sequence‐based map of the human genome, coupled with significant technological advances, has revolutionized the search for somatic alterations in tumour genomes. Recent landmark studies, which resequenced all coding exons within breast, colorectal, brain and pancreatic cancers, have shed new light on the genomic landscape of cancer. Within a given tumour type there are many infrequently mutated genes and a few frequently mutated genes, resulting in incredible genetic heterogeneity. However, when the altered genes are placed into biological processes and biochemical pathways, this complexity is significantly reduced and shared pathways that are affected in significant numbers of tumours can be discerned. The advent of next‐generation sequencing technologies has opened up the potential to resequence entire tumour genomes to interrogate protein‐encoding genes, non‐coding RNA genes, non‐genic regions and the mitochondrial genome. During the next decade it is anticipated that the most common forms of human cancer will be systematically surveyed to identify the underlying somatic changes in gene copy number, sequence and expression. The resulting catalogues of somatic alterations will point to candidate cancer genes requiring further validation to determine whether they have a causal role in tumourigenesis. The hope is that this knowledge will fuel improvements in cancer diagnosis, prognosis and therapy, based on the specific molecular alterations that drive individual tumours. In this review, I will provide a historical perspective on the identification of somatic alterations in the pre‐ and post‐genomic eras, with a particular emphasis on recent pioneering studies that have provided unprecedented insights into the genomic landscape of human cancer. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oncogenic function of microtubule end‐binding protein 1 in breast cancer
Authors: Dong Xin , Liu Fangfang , Sun Lei , Liu Min , Li Dengwen , Su Dan , Zhu Zhengmao , Dong Jin‐Tang , Fu Li , Zhou Jun 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMicrotubule end‐binding protein 1 (EB1) is an evolutionarily conserved protein that regulates microtubule dynamics and participates in diverse cell activities. Here, we demonstrate that EB1 expression is up‐regulated in human breast cancer specimens and cell lines. The level of EB1 correlates with clinicopathological parameters indicating the malignancy of breast cancer, including higher histological grade, higher pathological tumour node metastasis (pTNM) stage, and higher incidence of lymph node metastasis. Knockdown of EB1 expression remarkably inhibits cancer cell proliferation, and conversely, elevation of its expression promotes cell proliferation. Our data further show that EB1 promotes colony formation and enhances tumour growth in nude mice. In addition, EB1 stimulates Aurora‐B activity in breast cancer cells, and EB1 expression correlates with increased Aurora‐B activity in clinical samples of breast cancer. These findings thus suggest an oncogenic role for EB1 in breast cancer. Copyright © 2009 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is chorionic villus sampling associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy?
Authors: Odibo Anthony O. , Singla Ashima , Gray Diana L. , Dicke Jeffrey M. , Oberle Barbara , Crane James 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjectiveOur objective is to evaluate for potential associations between chorionic villus sampling (CVS) and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.MethodsUsing our genetic database, we compared the rates of hypertensive disorders between women who underwent CVS at 10–13 and 6/7 weeks with those seen for other indications at similar gestational ages who had no invasive procedure. Only singleton and euploid pregnancies were included. Statistical methods including univariable and multivariable logistic regression, supplemented by stratified analyses were used for comparisons.ResultsAmong 11 012 pregnant women seen between 1990 and 2006 in our center and meeting the inclusion criteria, information on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were available in 9386, and 9098 met the inclusion criteria. The overall incidence of hypertensive disorders was 421/9098 (4.6%), with 138/5096 (2.7%) in the CVS group and 283/4002 (7.1%) in the control group [adjusted odds ratio (adjOR) 0.47, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.38–0.59]. Similar findings were seen on stratified analyses for gestational age of procedure and the type or severity of hypertensive disorder, and other potential confounders.ConclusionThe rate of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy is significantly lower in women having CVS compared with the control group. Placental disruption from CVS is not associated with preeclampsia or gestational hypertension. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A combined experimental and theoretical study of benzoxaborole derivatives by Raman and IR spectroscopy, static DFT, and first‐principle molecular dynamics
Authors: Jezierska Aneta , Panek Jarosław J. , Żukowska Grażyna Z. , Sporzyński Andrzej 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPhysicochemical properties of 1,3‐dihydro‐1‐hydroxy‐3‐morpholin‐4‐yl‐2,1‐benzoxaborole (IIa) and 1,3‐dihydro‐1‐ hydroxy‐2,1‐benzoxaborole (IIb) were investigated using a combination of spectroscopic and computational approaches. The compoundIIabelongs to the group represented by the prototypical benzoxaboroleIIb, which exhibits receptor activity toward sugars in aqueous solution. Additionally, theIIbcan serve as a pattern structure for physicochemical description of benzoxaborole derivatives. The infrared and Raman spectroscopy measurements were performed in solvents and in the solid state. Furthermore, experimental findings served as a reference data source for further computational investigations. DFT calculationsin vacuowere used to estimate the binding energy of the dimeric forms, indicating the strength of the intermolecular hydrogen bonds. AIM and ELF theories were applied to give an insight into the electronic structure of the studied compounds. The last part of this study contains Car–Parrinello molecular dynamics investigations in the solid state. Computational results indicated that the key intermolecular feature, the pair of hydrogen bonds, is rather harmonic and the extent of the anharmonicity is temperature dependent as shown by the OH stretching envelope calculations performed forIIa. Inclusion of the quantum effects in the proton motion does not significantly change the qualitative description of the intermolecular H‐bond dynamics of the investigated compound. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Excited‐state lifetime studies of the three tryptophan residues in the N‐lobe of human serum transferrin
Authors: James Nicholas G. , Ross Justin A. , Mason Anne B. , Jameson David M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe energy transfer from the three Trp residues at positions 8, 128, and 264 within the human serum transferrin (hTF) N‐lobe to the ligand to metal charge transfer band has been investigated by monitoring changes in Trp fluorescence emission and lifetimes. The fluorescence emission from hTF N‐lobe is dominated by Trp264, as revealed by an 82% decrease in the quantum yield when this Trp residue is absent. Fluorescence lifetimes were determined by multifrequency phase fluorometry of mutants containing one or two Trp residues. Decays of these samples are best described by two or three discrete lifetimes or by a unimodal Lorentzian distribution. The discrete lifetimes and the center of the lifetime distribution for samples containing Trp128 and Trp264 are affected by iron. The distribution width narrows on iron removal and is consistent with a decrease in dynamic mobility of the dominant fluorophore, Trp264. Both the quantum yield and the lifetimes are lower when iron is present, however, not proportionally. The greater effect of iron on quantum yields is indicative of nonexcited state quenching, i.e., static quenching. The results of these experiments provide quantitative data strongly suggesting that Förster resonance energy transfer is not the sole source of Trp quenching in the N‐lobe of hTF.
Progressive epithelial to mesenchymal transitions in ARCaPE prostate cancer cells during xenograft tumor formation and metastasis
Authors: He Hui , Yang Xiaojian , Davidson Alec J. , Wu Daqing , Marshall Fray F. , Chung Leland W.K. , Zhau Haiyen E. , Wang Ruoxiang 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe mechanism of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) could be adopted by tumor cells for migration and invasion. We have reported that ARCaPE human prostate cancer cells undergo EMT‐like changes during xenograft growth in athymic mice.METHODSIn this report, we assessed the extent of EMT by tracking changes in cloned ARCaPE cells expressing red fluorescence protein during successive orthotopic prostate tumor formation. Cancer cells with stromal‐like morphology were isolated and examined for EMT‐like changes.RESULTSEMT‐like morphologic and expression changes were detected after one round of in vivo tumor formation. Importantly, when recovered tumor cells were used in second round xenograft tumor formation, a large fraction of ARCaPE cells showed drastic EMT‐like changes, with markedly enlarged cell size and divergent cell shapes similar to those of mesenchymal stromal cells. The morphologic change was accompanied by increased growth and metastasis, as tumor incidence increased while red fluorescent tumor cells could be detected from circulating blood, bone marrow, peritoneal ascites, and lung of the tumor‐bearing mice. Recovered clones from these samples had lost epithelial markers but many showed activated stromal marker vimentin expression. The EMT appeared permanent since the newly acquired morphology was sustained after continuous passages.CONCLUSIONSResults from this study demonstrate that through interaction with the host tumor microenvironment, cancer cells acquire cellular plasticity. During xenograft tumor formation and metastasis, a single clone of cancer cells could yield a heterogeneous population, with a substantial number of tumor cells adopting mesenchymal stroma‐like phenotypes. Prostate 70: 518–528, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ustekinumab: new option for moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis
Authors: Chaplin Steve , Downs Tony 
Published: November 2009

AbstractUstekinumab (Stelara), a novel biologic for the treatment of moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis, targets interleukins rather than TNF‐alpha. In our New products review, Steve Chaplin presents the clinical data relating to its efficacy and adverse effects and Dr Downs discusses its place in psoriasis treatment. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Interface Ltd
Graphene quantum dots in perpendicular magnetic fields
Authors: Güttinger J. , Stampfer C. , Frey T. , Ihn T. , Ensslin K. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe report transport experiments on graphene quantum dots (QDs). We focus on excited state spectra in the near vicinity of the charge neutrality point and signatures of the electron–hole crossover as a function of a perpendicular magnetic field. Coulomb blockade resonances of a 50 nm wide and 80 nm long dot are visible at all gate voltages across the transport gap ranging from hole to electron transport. The magnetic field dependence of more than 40 states as a function of the back gate voltage can be interpreted in terms of the unique evolution of the diamagnetic spectrum of a graphene dot including the formation of the E = 0 Landau level, situated in the centre of the transport gap, and marking the electron–hole crossover. Around the crossover, excited states and cotunneling features are studied for varying perpendicular magnetic field.
magnified imageSchematic illustration of an etched graphene quantum dot with rough edges. The devices studied are still significantly larger than the presented one.
Multi‐component catalysts for the synthesis of SWCNT
Authors: Roch Aljoscha , Märcz Matthias , Richter Uwe , Leson Andreas , Beyer Eckhard , Jost Oliver 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe developed a large‐scale synthesis of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) based entirely on the electric arc evaporation method. To get the desired result, an enhanced understanding and control of the evaporation process is of crucial importance. For best results, one has to control the temperature gradient of the evaporation zone for a high evaporation density (challenging task) or alternatively one has to develop catalysts suitable for catalytic operation over a large temperature range. We found multi‐component catalyst systems that allow both a low‐temperature SWCNT growth (200 °C) as well as a high‐temperature growth (1000 °C) and a lower SWCNT defect density. Multi‐component catalysts, therefore, offered the best results for both the laser evaporation process with the arc process with a similar SWCNT yield. The evaporation rate, however, is much higher for the arc technique. This favours the arc technique over the laser technique for an upscaled SWCNT synthesis process.
Guidance and nonlinear control system for autonomous flight of minirotorcraft unmanned aerial vehicles
Authors: Kendoul Farid , Yu Zhenyu , Nonami Kenzo 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSmall unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are becoming popular among researchers and vital platforms for several autonomous mission systems. In this paper, we present the design and development of a miniature autonomous rotorcraft weighing less than 700 g and capable of waypoint navigation, trajectory tracking, visual navigation, precise hovering, and automatic takeoff and landing. In an effort to make advanced autonomous behaviors available to mini‐ and microrotorcraft, an embedded and inexpensive autopilot was developed. To compensate for the weaknesses of the low‐cost equipment, we put our efforts into designing a reliable model‐based nonlinear controller that uses an inner‐loop outer‐loop control scheme. The developed flight controller considers the system's nonlinearities, guarantees the stability of the closed‐loop system, and results in a practical controller that is easy to implement and to tune. In addition to controller design and stability analysis, the paper provides information about the overall control architecture and the UAV system integration, including guidance laws, navigation algorithms, control system implementation, and autopilot hardware. The guidance, navigation, and control (GN&C) algorithms were implemented on a miniature quadrotor UAV that has undergone an extensive program of flight tests, resulting in various flight behaviors under autonomous control from takeoff to landing. Experimental results that demonstrate the operation of the GN&C algorithms and the capabilities of our autonomous micro air vehicle are presented. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fault localization using a model checker
Authors: Griesmayer Andreas , Staber Stefan , Bloem Roderick 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIf a program does not fulfill its specification, a model checker can deliver a counterexample. However, although such a counterexample shows how the specification can be violated, it typically comprises large parts of the program and gives little information about which of the visited statements is responsible for the error. In this article, we show that model checkers can also be used to perform model‐based diagnosis and thus fault localization. The approach leads to significantly more precise diagnoses than the state‐of‐the‐art and typically rules out 90–99% of the code as possible fault locations. The approach is general and can be applied to any system that is amenable to model checking (with respect to language and complexity). To demonstrate the applicability and high precision of our approach, we present implementations for C programs using two different model checking tools and show experimental results from the TCAS case study and an integration with the DDVerify framework to debug Linux device drivers. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simplified dynamic analysis of eccentric buildings with a setback. 2: the effect of stiffness irregularity
Authors: Georgoussis George K. 
Published: November 2009

SUMMARYThe effect of stiffness irregularity is investigated in eccentric buildings with a setback. Stiffness irregularity is assumed to be created when some of the lateral load resisting bents are curtailed at the top of the base structure. The methodology suggested in the companion paper for assessing vibration frequencies, base shears and torques is extended to include the effect of curtailed bents. Their contribution is evaluated by an indirect method after the modal stiffness of the symmetrical counterpart structure is determined and the modal contribution of the full height bents is assessed by Southwell's approach. A number of numerical examples, representing common types of building structures, are presented to illustrate the procedure and provide an insight into the response of such setback buildings. The results are compared with more accurate results obtained by three‐dimensional dynamic analyses. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relative safety of high‐rise and low‐rise steel moment‐resisting frames in Los Angeles
Authors: Jones Pierson , Zareian Farzin 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis study assesses the deformation demands posed by high hazard seismic events to some common steel moment frame (SMF) structures in the Los Angeles region. The structures under consideration were SMF structures designed using the 1994 UBC for high seismic risk, both short and tall, similar to many SMF structures in Los Angeles. Lumped plasticity frame models are developed with the most current knowledge of nonlinear modelling techniques and component properties and are subjected to recorded and simulated ground motions. The recorded ground motions are selected and scaled to represent a high hazard seismic event. The simulated ground motions are extracted from a simulation of a magnitude 7·15 rupture of the Puente Hills fault. The frame models are varied to consider brittle pre‐Northridge welds, ductile post‐Northridge welds as well as simplified and detailed modelling techniques. Structural safety is assessed in terms of the number of structures that exceeded a safe inter‐storey drift ratio for each ground motion set. Also, the relative safety of the tall and short SMF, taking into account brittle and ductile welds, is evaluated. Lastly, the differences in demands imposed by the recorded and scaled ground motions on tall SMF structures are compared. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cerebrospinal fluid leakage and pneumocephalus secondary to spine stab wounds
Authors: Rahamimov Nimrod , Mulla Hani , Freiman Shay 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Cerebro-spinal fluid leakage from a spinal stab wound is rare, and usually not a life-threatening injury. Pneumocephalus, a possible rare complication of traumatic cerebro-spinal fluid leakage, can potentially lead to intracranial hemorrhage and death. We describe two cases of spinal stab wounds complicated by cerebro-spinal fluid leakage, one of them developing into severe pneumocephalus. Both patients recovered completely with the following treatment protocol: (a) trendelenburg positioning of the patient, (b) insertion of a continuous-drainage cerebro-spinal fluid catheter into the lumbar thecal sac, (c) primary suture of the leaking skin wound, (d) IV antibiotic therapy.
Platinum Assisted Vapor–Liquid–Solid Growth of Er–Si Nanowires and Their Optical Properties
Authors: Kim Myoung-Ha , Kim Il-Soo , Park Yong-Hee , Park Tae-Eon , Shin Jung H. , Choi Heon-Jin 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
We report the optical activation of erbium coated silicon nanowires (Er–SiNWs) grown with the assist of platinum (Pt) and gold (Au), respectively. The NWs were grown on Si substrates by using a chemical vapor transport process using SiCl4 and ErCl4 as precursors. Pt as well as Au worked successfully as vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) catalysts for growing SiNWs with diameters of ~100 nm and length of several micrometers, respectively. The SiNWs have core–shell structures where the Er-crystalline layer is sandwiched between silica layers. Photoluminescence spectra analyses showed the optical activity of SiNWs from both Pt and Au. A stronger Er3+ luminescence of 1,534 nm was observed from the SiNWs with Pt at room- and low-temperature (25 K) using the 488- and/or 477-nm line of an Ar laser that may be due to the uniform incorporation of more Er ions into NWs with the exclusion of the formation of catalyst-induced deep levels in the band-gap. Pt would be used as a VLS catalyst for high performance optically active Er–SiNWs.