bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pancreatic Islets Engineered with SA-FasL Protein Establish Robust Localized Tolerance by Inducing Regulatory T Cells in Mice
Authors: Yolcu Esma S. , Zhao Hong , Bandura-Morgan Laura , Lacelle Chantale , Woodward Kyle B. , Askenasy Nadir , Shirwan Haval 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Allogeneic islet transplantation is an important therapeutic approach for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. Clinical application of this approach, however, is severely curtailed by allograft rejection primarily initiated by pathogenic effector T cells regardless of chronic use of immunosuppression. Given the role of Fas-mediated signaling in regulating effector T cell responses, we tested if pancreatic islets can be engineered ex vivo to display on their surface an apoptotic form of Fas ligand protein chimeric with streptavidin (SA-FasL) and whether such engineered islets induce tolerance in allogeneic hosts. Islets were modified with biotin following efficient engineering with SA-FasL protein that persisted on the surface of islets for &gt;1 wk in vitro. SA-FasL–engineered islet grafts established euglycemia in chemically diabetic syngeneic mice indefinitely, demonstrating functionality and lack of acute toxicity. Most importantly, the transplantation of SA-FasL–engineered BALB/c islet grafts in conjunction with a short course of rapamycin treatment resulted in robust localized tolerance in 100% of C57BL/6 recipients. Tolerance was initiated and maintained by CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells, as their depletion early during tolerance induction or late after established tolerance resulted in prompt graft rejection. Furthermore, Treg cells sorted from graft-draining lymph nodes, but not spleen, of long-term graft recipients prevented the rejection of unmodified allogeneic islets in an adoptive transfer model, further confirming the Treg role in established tolerance. Engineering islets ex vivo in a rapid and efficient manner to display on their surface immunomodulatory proteins represents a novel, safe, and clinically applicable approach with important implications for the treatment of type 1 diabetes.
CpG Protects Human Monocytic Cells against HIV-Vpr–Induced Apoptosis by Cellular Inhibitor of Apoptosis-2 through the Calcium-Activated JNK Pathway in a TLR9-Independent Manner
Authors: Saxena Mansi , Busca Aurelia , Pandey Sunita , Kryworuchko Marko , Kumar Ashok 
Published: November 2011

AbstractMonocytic cells survive HIV replication and consequent cytopathic effects because of their decreased sensitivity to HIV-induced apoptosis. However, the mechanism underlying this resistance to apoptosis remains poorly understood. Lymphocytic cells are exposed to microbial products because of their translocation from the gut in persons with chronic HIV infections or following coinfections. We hypothesized that activation of monocytic cells by such microbial products through interaction with corresponding TLRs may confer antiapoptotic signals. Using HIV-viral protein R (Vpr)(52–96) peptide as a model apoptosis-inducing agent, we demonstrated that unlike monocyte-derived macrophages, undifferentiated primary human monocytes and promonocytic THP-1 cells are highly susceptible to Vpr(52–96)-induced apoptosis. Interestingly, monocytes and THP-1 cells stimulated with TLR9 agonist CpG induced almost complete resistance to Vpr(52–96)-induced apoptosis, albeit through a TLR9-independent signaling pathway. Moreover, CpG selectively induced the antiapoptotic cellular inhibitor of apoptosis (c-IAP)-2 protein and inhibition of the c-IAP-2 gene by either specific small interfering RNA or synthetic second mitochondrial activator of caspases mimetic reversed CpG-induced resistance against Vpr(52–96)-mediated apoptosis. We demonstrated that c-IAP-2 is regulated by the JNK and calcium signaling pathway, in particular calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-II. Furthermore, inhibition of JNK and the calcium signaling including the calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-II by either pharmacological inhibitors or their specific small interfering RNAs reversed CpG-induced protection against Vpr(52–96)-mediated apoptosis. We also show that CpG induced JNK phosphorylation through activation of the calcium signaling pathway. Taken together, our results suggest that CpG-induced protection may be mediated by c-IAP-2 through the calcium-activated JNK pathway via what appeared to be TLR9-independent signaling pathways.
The Use of the Processes of Change across the Exercise Stages of Change and across Varying Intensities and Frequencies of Exercise Behavior
Authors: Wadsworth Danielle D. , Hallam Jeffrey S. 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. Determine the use of the processes of change (POC) across the exercise stages of change and across varying intensities and frequencies of exercise behavior. Design. Cross-sectional design. Setting. University setting. Subjects. Questionnaires were collected from 699 college-aged individuals. Measures. Data were collected for exercise stages of change, POC and exercise behavior. Self-report exercise data were categorized as 0 days, 1 to 2 days, and 3 or more days per week of moderate and vigorous exercise. Analysis. MANOVA assessed differences in the use of the 10 POC across the stages of change and across varying frequencies of moderate and vigorous exercise behavior. Results. Results showed all 10 POC were significant between the exercise stages of change and differing frequencies of moderate and vigorous exercise behavior. Post hoc analysis identified 7 significant processes between adjacent exercise stages of change, 10 significant processes between differing frequencies of moderate exercise behavior, and 9 significant processes between differing frequencies of vigorous exercise behavior. Conclusions. The results for this study suggest that intensity and frequency may be factors in the use of the POC. The use of the POC showed a linear increase across stage, which deviates from the proposed Transtheoretical Model framework and previous research. Additional investigation into the processes and stages of change, and their role in changing exercise behavior is needed.
Realistic Expectations: Investing in Organizational Capacity Building for Chronic Disease Prevention
Authors: Robinson Kerry , Farmer Tracy , Riley Barb , Elliott Susan J. , Eyles John 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. This article presents findings that explore investment in organizational capacity building for chronic disease prevention. Specifically, this analysis examines variation in investment inputs, intervention outputs, and capacity changes to inform expectations of health-promotion capacity-building investment. Design/Setting. This multiple case study involving both qualitative and quantitative data is based on seven provincial dissemination projects involved in the Canadian Heart Health Initiative. Methods. Data on investment, number, and type of capacity-building activities and capacity changes come from a questionnaire, key informant interviews, and project report analysis. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively and for trends, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. Results. Per capita investments in capacity building ranged from a low of $0.21 in Ontario to $167.41 in Prince Edward Island. Multiple, tailored capacity-building interventions were used in each project. Mostly positive but modest changes were observed in at least five dimensions of capacity in all but one project. Conclusion. These findings reveal that capacity building for chronic disease prevention requires a long-term investment and is context specific. Even limited investment can produce interventions that appear to positively influence capacity for chronic disease prevention. The findings also suggest an urgent need to expand surveillance to include indicators of capacity-building investments and interventions to allow policy makers to make more informed decisions about investments in public health.
Selected Barriers and Incentives for Worksite Health Promotion Services and Policies
Authors: Kruger Judy , Yore Michelle M. , Bauer Deborah R. , Kohl Harold W. 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. To assess employees' attitudes toward potential barriers to and incentives for their likely use of worksite health promotion services. Methods. Data from the 2004 HealthStyles Survey, a volunteer mail survey, were used to examine selected barriers to, incentives for, and potential use of worksite health promotion programs among adults employed full-time or part-time outside the home (n = 2337). Results. Respondents were 72.7% white and 52.1% female; 36.5% were college graduates, 30.7% had a body mass index of at least 30, and 35.6% were regularly active. The most common reported barriers to use of worksite services were no time during the workday (42.5%) and no time before or after work (39.4%). More than 70% of employees responded that the following incentives would promote their interest in participating in a free worksite wellness program: convenient time, convenient location, and employer-provided paid time off during the workday. Preferred health promotion services reported by respondents were fitness centers (80.6%), weight loss programs (67.1%), and on-site exercise classes (55.2%). Policy practices of paid time to exercise at work and healthy vending or cafeteria food choices were preferred by almost 80% of employees. Conclusions. These HealthStyles Survey data, in combination with needs data from an employer's own workforce, may help employers design wellness programs to include features that attract employees.
Therapeutic potential of intravenously administered human mesenchymal stromal cells
Authors: Kollar K. , Seifried E. , Henschler R. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryMesenchymal stem cells (MSC) represent a stem and progenitor cell population that has been shown to promote tissue recovery in preclinical and clinical studies. The study of MSC migration following systemic infusion of exogenous MSC is difficult. The challenges facing these efforts are due to a number of factors, including defining culture conditions for MSC, the phenotype of cultured MSC, the differences observed between cultured MSC and freshly isolated MSC. However, even if, MSC populations consist of a mixture of stem and more committed multipotent progenitors, it remains probable that these cell populations are still useful in the clinic as discussed in this review.
Designing at t + n
Authors: Aish Robert 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn the last four decades, Robert Aish has played a pivotal role in the development of new technologies in architecture. As a professional software designer and developer, he has directly informed building design and processes. As Director of Software Development at Autodesk, his role is to converge innovative concepts such as design computation with mainstream design and engineering software. Also an influential disseminator of knowledge, he is a co‐founder of the SmartGeometry Group and has helped create a vital bridge between architectural design and computation. Here he describes some of the critical dilemmas facing both software developers and architectural users of computational design tools, comparing the pioneering work of Bruce Archer and Ivan Sutherland in the mid‐1960s (at time t) with how such tools are used today (at time t + n). Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Driving an Ecological Agenda with Project‐Led Research
Authors: Whitehead Hugh , Gallou Irene , Thapar Harsh , Betti Giovanni , Craig Salmaan 
Published: November 2011

AbstractHere Hugh Whitehead, Irene Gallou, Harsh Thapar, Giovanni Betti and Salmaan Craig of the Specialist Modelling Group (SMG) at Foster + Partners directly address the underlying premise behind the issue. They argue the case for the architect as generalist or ‘centralised controller’, coordinating an often specialised and diverse collaborative design team. As an in‐house consultancy within Foster + Partners, SMS provides expertise in complex geometry, computer programming, parametric design and rapid prototyping and environmental simulation, aiming to provided directed specialist support whenever required. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Feedback Architecture
Authors: Derix Christian , Kimpian Judit , Karanouh Abdulmajid , Mason Josh 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe specialist research and design unit in Aedas' London office focuses on three principal areas of research: computational design, advanced modelling and sustainable design. Christian Derix, Judit Kimpian, Abdulmajid Karanouh and Josh Mason of Aedas R&D explain how this cross‐pollination of interests has led the practice to develop innovative approaches, exemplified by the design for Al Bahr Towers, the Abu Dhabi Investment Council Headquarters and the Digital Masterplanning (Digma) tool. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards a New Relationship with Nature: Research and Regenerative Design in Architecture
Authors: Busby Peter , Richter Max , Driedger Michael 
Published: November 2011

AbstractHere Peter Busby, Michael Driedger and Max Richter of Perkins+Will Canada (P+W) describe the office's core focus on ‘regenerative design’: an approach where each operation in a building's construction is measured by its positive impact on human and natural systems. This is supported by an in‐house research team of architects, engineers and sustainability strategists that concentrates on the advancement of sustainable building practices. They describe how this is played out in projects such as the Living with Lakes Centre at Laurentian University in Sudbury and the VanDusen Botanical Garden Visitor Centre, Vancouver. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is There Something Beyond ‘Outside of the Box’?
Authors: Armstrong Rachel 
Published: November 2011

AbstractHere, architectural and scientific researcher Rachel Armstrong questions whether the definition of ‘experimental’ green design presented here goes far enough. She urges architects to not dwell on evaluation processes, performance and ‘strategies’ and to seek a far more radical solution to sustainability, which abandons the current emphasis on industrial technologies and the existing educational and professional frameworks. In its place, she envisions employing biology as a driver for wholly new living materials and systems. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of High Performance Single‐Phase Solid Solution Magnesium Alloy at Low Temperature
Authors: Peng Qiuming , Huang Yuanding , Kainer Karl Ulrich , Hort Norbert 
Published: November 2011

AbstractMagnesium (Mg) alloys are well known as potential candidates for engineering structural materials due to their low density and high specific strength. However, compared with traditional steel or aluminum materials, Mg alloys have not been widely used. Up to now, these present commercial products are mainly fabricated by cast. In contrast to cast products, wrought Mg alloys only have a market share of less than 5%.[a] Most of the barriers preventing wrought produces from widespread applications arising from low ductility/toughness and poor corrosion.[b] Therefore, to improve the formability and corrosion resistance becomes an urgent problem to extend the applications of deformed Mg materials.
Versatile α,ω‐Disubstituted Tetrathienoacene Semiconductors for High Performance Organic Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Youn Jangdae , Huang Peng‐Yi , Huang Yu‐Wen , Chen Ming‐Chou , Lin Yu‐Jou , Huang Hui , Ortiz Rocio Ponce , Stern Charlotte , Chung Ming‐Che , Feng Chieh‐Yuan , Chen Liang‐Hsiang , Facchetti Antonio , Marks Tobin J. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractFacile one‐pot [1 + 1 + 2] and [2 + 1 + 1] syntheses of thieno[3,2‐b]thieno[2′,3′:4,5]thieno[2,3‐d]thiophene (tetrathienoacene; TTA) semiconductors are described which enable the efficient realization of a new TTA‐based series for organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs). For the perfluorophenyl end‐functionalized derivative DFP‐TTA, the molecular structure is determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. This material exhibits n‐channel transport with a mobility as high as 0.30 cm2V−1s−1 and a high on‐off ratio of 1.8 × 107. Thus, DFP‐TTA has one of the highest electron mobilities of any fused thiophene semiconductor yet discovered. For the phenyl‐substituted analogue, DP‐TTA, p‐channel transport is observed with a mobility as high as 0.21 cm2V−1s−1. For the 2‐benzothiazolyl (BS‐) containing derivative, DBS‐TTA, p‐channel transport is still exhibited with a hole mobility close to 2 × 10−3 cm2V−1s−1. Within this family, carrier mobility magnitudes are strongly dependent on the semiconductor growth conditions and the gate dielectric surface treatment.
Causes of death and autopsy findings in a large study cohort of individuals with Cornelia de Lange syndrome and review of the literature
Authors: Schrier Samantha A. , Sherer Ilana , Deardorff Matthew A. , Clark Dinah , Audette Lynn , Gillis Lynette , Kline Antonie D. , Ernst Linda , Loomes Kathleen , Krantz Ian D. , Jackson Laird G. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractTo identify causes of death (COD) in propositi with Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) at various ages, and to develop guidelines to improve management and avoid morbidity and mortality, we retrospectively reviewed a total of 426 propositi with confirmed clinical diagnoses of CdLS in our database who died in a 41‐year period between 1966 and 2007. Of these, 295 had an identifiable COD reported to us. Clinical, laboratory, and complete autopsy data were completed on 41, of which 38 were obtainable, an additional 19 had autopsies that only documented the COD, and 45 propositi had surgical, imaging, or terminal event clinical documentation of their COD. Proband ages ranged from fetuses (21–40 weeks gestation) to 61 years. A literature review was undertaken to identify all reported causes of death in CdLS individuals. In our cohort of 295 propositi with a known COD, respiratory causes including aspiration/reflux and pneumonias were the most common primary causes (31%), followed by gastrointestinal disease, including obstruction/volvulus (19%). Congenital anomalies accounted for 15% of deaths and included congenital diaphragmatic hernia and congenital heart defects. Acquired cardiac disease accounted for 3% of deaths. Neurological causes and accidents each accounted for 8%, sepsis for 4%, cancer for 2%, renal disease for 1.7%, and other causes, 9% of deaths. We also present 21 representative clinical cases for illustration. This comprehensive review has identified important etiologies contributing to the morbidity and mortality in this population that will provide for an improved understanding of clinical complications, and management for children and adults with CdLS. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mucosal brush biopsy testing of the inferior turbinate to detect local, antigen‐specific immunoglobulin E
Authors: Reisacher William R. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground:This study investigated the ability of mucosal brush biopsy testing (MBBT) from the inferior turbinate to detect local, antigen‐specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) in patients with allergic rhinitis, and these results were then compared to skin prick testing (SPT).Methods:A standard cytology brush was used to harvest epithelial cells from the inferior turbinates of 20 patients who tested positive to 2 or more airborne antigens out of a panel of 9 on SPT (N = 20). These cells were lysed and the resulting solution was tested for total and antigen‐specific IgE using immunofluorescence.Results:Antigen‐specific IgE for at least 1 antigen was detected in 15 (75%) patients on MBBT. A statistically significant association overall between the results of MBBT and SPT was present (p = 0.01), but no significant associations were seen when examining individual antigens. Patients with positive tests on MBBT had higher amounts of IgE and total protein in biopsy samples than patients without positive tests on MBBT. The mean wheal diameter in tests that were positive on MBBT were significantly larger than the mean wheal diameter in tests that were negative on MBBT (p < .0001). Eight tests were positive on MBBT that were negative on SPT in the same patients.Conclusion:This study demonstrates for the first time that antigen‐specific IgE can be detected using MBBT in the sinonasal cavity. MBBT is more likely to be positive in higher SPT grades and in biopsy samples with more protein present. MBBT is also able to detect local IgE that is not detected on SPT. © 2011 ARS‐AAOA, LLC.
Critical temperature oscillations and reentrant superconductivity due to the FFLO like state in F/S/F trilayers
Authors: Kehrle J. , Zdravkov V.I. , Obermeier G. , Garcia‐Garcia J. , Ullrich A. , Müller C. , Morari R. , Sidorenko A.S. , Horn S. , Tagirov L.R. , Tidecks R. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractFerromagnet/Superconductor/Ferromagnet (F/S/F) trilayers, in which the establishing of a Fulde‐Ferrell Larkin‐Ovchinnikov (FFLO) like state leads to interference effects of the superconducting pairing wave function, form the core of the superconducting spin valve. The realization of strong critical temperature oscillations in such trilayers, as a function of the ferromagnetic layer thicknesses or, even more efficient, reentrant superconductivity, are the key condition to obtain a large spin valve effect, i.e. a large shift in the critical temperature. Both phenomena have been realized experimentally in the Cu41Ni59/Nb/Cu41Ni59 trilayers investigated in the present work.
Formation of Giant Protein Vesicles by a Lipid Cosolvent Method
Authors: Hansen Jesper S. , Vararattanavech Ardcharaporn , Vissing Thomas , Torres Jaume , Emnéus Jenny , Hélix‐Nielsen Claus 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis paper describes a method to create giant protein vesicles (GPVs) of ≥10 μm by solvent‐driven fusion of large vesicles (0.1–0.2 μm) with reconstituted membrane proteins. We found that formation of GPVs proceeded from rotational mixing of protein‐reconstituted large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) with a lipid‐containing solvent phase. We made GPVs by using n‐decane and squalene as solvents, and applied generalized polarization (GP) imaging to monitor the polarity around the protein transmembrane region of aquaporins labeled with the polarity‐sensitive probe Badan. Specifically, we created GPVs of spinach SoPIP2;1 and E. coli AqpZ aquaporins. Our findings show that hydrophobic interactions within the bilayer of formed GPVs are influenced not only by the solvent partitioning propensity, but also by lipid composition and membrane protein isoform.
Unravelling the Mechanism of Glycerol Hydrogenolysis over Rhodium Catalyst through Combined Experimental–Theoretical Investigations
Authors: Auneau Florian , Michel Carine , Delbecq Françoise , Pinel Catherine , Sautet Philippe 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe report herein a detailed and accurate study of the mechanism of rhodium‐catalysed conversion of glycerol into 1,2‐propanediol and lactic acid. The first step of the reaction is particularly debated, as it can be either dehydration or dehydrogenation. It is expected that these elementary reactions can be influenced by pH variations and by the nature of the gas phase. These parameters were consequently investigated experimentally. On the other hand, there was a lack of knowledge about the behaviour of glycerol at the surface of the metallic catalyst. A theoretical approach on a model Rh(111) surface was thus implemented in the framework of density functional theory (DFT) to describe the above‐mentioned elementary reactions and to calculate the corresponding transition states. The combination of experiment and theory shows that the dehydrogenation into glyceraldehyde is the first step for the glycerol transformation on the Rh/C catalyst in basic media under He or H2 atmosphere.