bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prince Henri d'Orleans (1867–1901): geographical and botanical exploration between inner Asia and southwest China
Authors: GARDENER WILLIAM 
Published: February 2011

Prince Henri d'Orleans, precluded by French law from serving his country in the profession of arms, had his attention turned early towards exploration. In 1889, accompanied by the experienced traveller Gabriel Bonvalet, he set out from Paris to reach Indo-China overland by way of Central Asia, Tibet and western and south western China. The journey made contributions in the problems of the whereabouts of Lap Nor and the configuration of the then unexplored northern plateau of Tibet; and in botany it produced some species new to science. The party reached Indo-China in 1890. In 1895, having organised an expedition better equipped for topographical survey and for investigations in the fields of natural history and ethnography, Prince Henri set out from Hanoi with the intention of exploring the Mekong through the Chinese province of Yunnan. After proceeding up the left bank of the Salween for a brief part of its course and then alternating between the right and left banks of the Mekong as far up as Tzeku, the party found it advisable to enter Tibet in a north westerly direction through the province of Chamdo and instead crossed the south eastern extremity of the country, the Zayul, by a difficult track which led them to the country of the Hkamti Shans in present day Upper Burma, and thence to India completing a journey of 2000 miles, "1500 of which had been previously untrodden" (Prince Henri). West of the Mekong, the journey established that the Salween, which some geographers had claimed took its rise in or near north western Yunnan, in fact rose well north in Tibet, and that, contrary to previous opinions, the principal headwater of the Irrawaddy rose no further north than latitude 28°30'. Botanical collections were confined to Yunnan, where the tracks permitted mule transport, and they produced a number of species new to science and extended the range of distribution of species already known.
George Hoggart Toulmin: politics and geology
Authors: PORTER ROY 
Published: February 2011

The physician George Hoggart Toulmin (1754–1817) propounded his theory of the Earth in a number of works beginning with The antiquity and duration of the world (1780) and ending with his The eternity of the universe (1789). It bore many resemblances to James Hutton's "Theory of the Earth" (1788) in stressing the uniformity of Nature, the gradual destruction and recreation of the continents and the unfathomable age of the Earth. In Toulmin's view, the progress of the proper theory of the Earth and of political advancement were inseparable from each other. For he analysed the commonly accepted geological ideas of his day (which postulated that the Earth had been created at no great distance of time by God; that God had intervened in Earth history on occasions like the Deluge to punish man; and that all Nature had been fabricated by God to serve man) and argued they were symptomatic of a society trapped in ignorance and superstition, and held down by priestcraft and political tyranny. In this respect he shared the outlook of the more radical figures of the French Enlightenment such as Helvétius and the Baron d'Holbach. He believed that the advance of freedom and knowledge would bring about improved understanding of the history and nature of the Earth, as a consequence of which Man would better understand the terms of his own existence, and learn to live in peace, harmony and civilization. Yet Toulmin's hopes were tempered by his naturalistic view of the history of the Earth and of Man. For Time destroyed everything — continents and civilizations. The fundamental law of things was cyclicality not progress. This latent political conservatism and pessimism became explicit in Toulmin's volume of verse, Illustration of affection, published posthumously in 1819. In those poems he signalled his disapproval of the French Revolution and of Napoleonic imperialism. He now argued that all was for the best in the social order, and he abandoned his own earlier atheistic religious radicalism, now subscribing to a more Christian view of God. Toulmin's earlier geological views had run into considerable opposition from orthodox religious elements. They were largely ignored by the geological community in late eighteenth and early nineteenth century Britain, but were revived and reprinted by lower class radicals such as Richard Carlile. This paper is to be published in the American journal, The Journal for the History of Ideas in 1978 (in press).
La place des assistants familiaux dans le placement familial
Authors: Jouves Jacques 
Published: February 2011

Résumé Depuis trente ans, le « plus vieux métier de l’enfance » s’est transformé sous l’influence de nombreux facteurs. Les évolutions de la famille et des liens intrafamiliaux, le statut des femmes, la découverte des besoins de l’enfant et des traumatismes de l’enfance exigent un changement de nature du placement familial. De la loi de 1977 à celles de 1992 et de 2005, les nourrices sont devenues assistants familiaux, la famille d’accueil s’est imposée. Cette législation crée un véritable statut de salarié de l’assistant familial et pour soutenir un travail professionnalisé, elle l’insère dans les équipes de placement familial. Les travaux de Myriam David, devenus la référence en la matière, nous révèlent deux points cruciaux : les troubles liés à la distorsion des liens parents-enfant ; la souffrance psychique des enfants et des parents consécutive à la séparation. La prise en compte de ces aspects inséparables du placement nécessite d’accompagner l’assistant familial dans une équipe pluridisciplinaire dont il est membre à part entière. La parole des accueillants, longtemps confisquée, peine encore aujourd’hui à trouver sa place en raison des indéniables lourdeurs historiques et des résistances de tous. Dans le contexte de bouleversement des périmètres du social, du médico-social et du thérapeutique, l’accueil familial ne jouera pleinement son rôle dans l’épanouissement de l’enfant qu’en caractérisant la place de chacun des acteurs.
Service social et placement familial
Authors: de Béchillon Catherine 
Published: February 2011

Résumé Dans ce qui incombe au service social pour un placement familial, quelles préoccupations donnent le choix de ce mode de protection des enfants, la nécessité d’un travail dans la durée auprès de tous les protagonistes, l’enfant, les parents, les assistantes familiales ? Quel sens pour chacun de son vécu ? Quel appui au long de l’évolution, dans ses situations chroniques comme dans les périodes de crise ? Avec l’exemple du placement d’un enfant, du travail sur la création ou le maintien des liens intrafamiliaux, et une réflexion sur le non-placement d’un autre enfant.
Émotions et relation éducative
Authors: Dumont Jean-Frédéric 
Published: February 2011

Résumé Les implications émotionnelles des éducateurs sont souvent considérées comme des variables parasites qui obèrent le professionnalisme… Et si, au contraire, elles représentaient le gage de relations de communication authentiques, sans lesquelles il n’y a pas d’action éducative possible ? Une action éducative où mes émotions me permettent de me représenter l’autre et le monde, l’autre dans le monde, l’autre et moi dans le monde…
L'imaginaire technique dans la poésie industrielle du XIXe siècle
Authors: Wanlin Nicolas 
Published: February 2011

Au XIX e siècle paraissent des poèmes portant sur des sujets techniques, parfois à l’occasion de concours de poésie académiques ou des Expositions Universelles. Cela pose d’une part un problème linguistique : comment la langue française et sa poésie peuvent-elles rendre compte des progrès techniques ? D’autre part, le fait que la poésie prenne la technique pour sujet semble contraire à sa nature, traditionnellement considérée comme spirituelle, donc étrangère aux préoccupations matérielles. Mais si de nombreux poètes relèvent ces défis, c’est qu’ils entreprennent d’acclimater l’invention technique dans la culture par des formulations poétiques. Ils représentent ainsi un lien entre la tradition de poésie didactique et les poètes de « l’esprit nouveau ».
Les transformations de la technologie : du discours sur les techniques à la « techno-science »
Authors: Carnino Guillaume 
Published: February 2011

Cet article retrace les évolutions du terme « technologie », dans le contexte français, au cours du xix e siècle. Le passage, aux alentours de 1850, d’un « discours sur les techniques » à une « techno-science » y est mis en valeur selon deux aspects principaux : industrialisation des pratiques artisanales opératoires et déploiement de « la science » en tant que productrice de faits à partir de machines et procédures. Telles sont les deux recompositions politiques qui produisent matériellement et linguistiquement la technologie entendue au sens contemporain, comme lorsqu’on parle des « nouvelles technologies ».
Le « Roi-Jésuite » et le « Roi-Poire » : la prolifération d'« espiègleries » séditieuses contre Charles X et Louis-Philippe (1826-1835)
Authors: Erre Fabrice 
Published: February 2011

Dès les premières années de leur règne, Charles X et Louis-Philippe ont été victimes de vigoureuses campagnes d’attaques à caractère satirique. Leurs représentations respectives en Jésuite et en Poire se sont diffusées en empruntant les voies les plus diverses, depuis les vecteurs traditionnels de la satire (caricatures, pamphlets, journaux...) jusqu’à des pratiques populaires anonymes (pièces de monnaie détournées, graffitis...). Le principe de dégradation risible du souverain n’a alors, il est vrai, rien de neuf : il participe en réalité d’une longue tradition en France, et peut s’interpréter comme le revers du respect dû à la sacralité monarchique. Ainsi, en leur temps, Louis XVI a été assimilé à un porc et Napoléon à un ogre. Néanmoins, le Jésuite et la Poire se distinguent par l’ampleur de leur succès. Ils se trouvent tous les deux au cœur d’un processus de prolifération obéissant à un mode de fonctionnement original, capable de se répandre très profondément sur trois niveaux : temporel (chacune de ces campagnes a duré cinq années, 1826-1830 pour le premier, 1831-1835 pour le second), géographique (l’ensemble du territoire français a été touché), et social (impliquant des individus de toutes conditions, depuis les gamins des rues jusqu’à Lafayette ou Victor Hugo). Ils ont ainsi suscité l’inquiétude d’un pouvoir désarmé face à ce genre de provocation, mobilisant les agents de police, les préfets, les ministres même, et se trouvant impliqués dans des affaires de violences politiques, comme l’attentat de Fieschi en 1835 qui marque le terme de cette décennie satirique. Tenter de comprendre le succès exceptionnel du Jésuite et de la Poire exige d’en identifier les raisons internes, tenant à la nature même de ces motifs, et les raisons externes, concernant leurs conditions de diffusion. Il convient également de se pencher sur les modalités de réception de la part des cibles, c’est-à-dire des régimes ainsi mis en cause, et vivant ces campagnes comme une menace qui serait, sous des dehors risibles, tout à fait sérieuse.
Nasopharyngeal Cancer in Sudan: Epidemiology, Clinical and Histological Characteristics
Authors: Abdullah Nazik E. , Adam Ameera A.M. , Khalifa Eman H. , Hassan Lamyaa A.M. EL , Ibrahim M.E. , Hamad K.M. , Hassan A.M. El 
Published: February 2011

Objectives To study the epidemiology, clinical features, staging, etiology and pathology of nasopharyngeal cancer in Sudan. Study design This is a retrospective study. Setting Ear, Nose and Throat Department Khartoum Teaching Hospital, Khartoum City, Sudan. Subjects and methods Patients suspected to have nasopharyngeal cancer were assessed during the period March 2004 to May 2010. Data from confirmed cases was obtained; it included clinical and epidemiological information. Results Three hundred and eighty five cases were studied. Bimodal age distribution of the disease was noted with two peaks, one at 15–19 years and one at 50–54 years. The male to female ratio was 2.6:1 and a distinct geographical distribution of the disease was noted, with clustering of cases in the towns of Dilling, Kadogli and the surrounding rural area of the Nuba Mountains. These areas in the Western States were reported to be of high background radiation due to naturally produced radioactive uranium. The Nuba tribe headed the list among other tribes, demonstrating a clear ethnic predilection. Sixty-eight cases presented at stage IV. There was a predominance of Type II (15.58%) and Type III (65.97%). Patients were treated by neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Conclusions NPC is an important form of cancer in Sudan. Some tribes are significantly more affected than others. Patients present with advanced disease. Environmental and genetic factors need further studies. Screening at risk populations that aim at early diagnosis and management of patients is recommended.
Grassroots Campaign Trail Methods to Recruit for Clinical Trials: Recruitment Lessons Learned from Trail to Trial
Authors: Murphy Megan , Merenstein Daniel 
Published: February 2011

Background Literature reviews have identified recruitment as the single most challenging obstacle in conducting pediatric trials. This paper describes a paradigm shift in recruitment design, developed from experience with grassroots campaigns through the DRINK study (Decreasing the Rates of Illness in Kids). The objective of this study was to explain a new method for recruiting in clinical trials based on lessons learned from grassroots political campaigning. Methods and Findings The study described is a randomized controlled trial of 638 3–6 year olds from the Washington, DC Area. The design involved a comparison between new recruiting approaches modeled after grassroots campaigns and traditional techniques. Traditional techniques for the purpose of this paper are defined by the use of physician referral, mass media such as radio and television advertisements, along with posters in public places like the subway. Grassroots approaches alternatively developed and utilized community contacts and employed targeted small market media community. The main outcome measures were the percentage of budget used and the number of eligible participants recruited. Conclusions The results showed that the grassroots recruitment approach saved 30% of the budget, recruited 638 kids in 4 months and retained over 90% for the 90 day trial. New techniques need further exploration as community studies are stressed.
Verification and Clarification of Patterns of Sensory Integrative Dysfunction
Authors: Mailloux Zoe , Mulligan Shelley , Roley Susanne Smith , Blanche Erna , Cermak Sharon , Coleman Gina Geppert , Bodison Stefanie , Lane Christianne Joy 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Building on established relationships between the constructs of sensory integration in typical and special needs populations, in this retrospective study we examined patterns of sensory integrative dysfunction in 273 children ages 4–9 who had received occupational therapy evaluations in two private practice settings. Test results on the Sensory Integration and Praxis Tests, portions of the Sensory Processing Measure representing tactile overresponsiveness, and parent report of attention and activity level were included in the analyses. Exploratory factor analysis identified patterns similar to those found in early studies by Ayres (1965, 1966a, 1966b, 1969, 1972b, 1977, & 1989), namely Visuodyspraxia and Somatodyspraxia, Vestibular and Proprioceptive Bilateral Integration and Sequencing, Tactile and Visual Discrimination, and Tactile Defensiveness and Attention. Findings reinforce associations between constructs of sensory integration and assist with understanding sensory integration disorders that may affect childhood occupation. Limitations include the potential for subjective interpretation in factor analysis and inability to adjust measures available in charts in a retrospective research.
Effects of Therapy Cushions on Classroom Behaviors of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Umeda Caroline , Deitz Jean 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. We investigated the effects of therapy cushions on the in-seat and on-task behaviors of 2 kindergarten students with autism spectrum disorder during math activities.
METHOD. We used a single-subject A–B–A–B–C design across 2 male participants who used chairs during baseline phases (A) and cushions during intervention phases (B). We included a choice phase (C) to determine participant seating preferences. Social validity was addressed by assessing teacher and participant seating preferences. Data were graphed and visually analyzed for functionally relevant changes between phases.
RESULTS. No clinically relevant changes in the in-seat or on-task behaviors of either participant were observed with cushion use.
CONCLUSION. Therapy cushions may not impose sufficient postural demands or provide adequate sensory input to produce behavioral changes. Continued research in this area is needed.
Psychometric Study of the Occupational Self Assessment With Adolescents After Infectious Mononucleosis
Authors: Taylor Renee , Lee Sun Wook , Kramer Jessica , Shirashi Yukiko , Kielhofner Gary 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
We examined the psychometric characteristics of the Occupational Self Assessment (OSA), which measures clients’ perceptions of their own competence and the value they assign to occupations. Two hundred ninety-six adolescents with acute mononucleosis completed the OSA, the Fatigue Scale, the Checklist of Infectious Symptoms, the Child Health Questionnaire, and the Perceived Stress Scale. OSA items coalesced to capture the intended constructs; the rating scales functioned as intended. More than 90% of adolescents were validly measured. The OSA showed adequate sensitivity and was stable over time. OSA measure of competence was moderately associated with infectious symptoms, fatigue severity, health status, and stress, and the measure of values was not. Neither measure was associated with age, gender, or ethnicity. Finally, adolescents who had not recovered from mononucleosis after 12 mo showed lower competence scores yet attached the same value or importance to occupational participation as adolescents who had recovered.
Survey of Driving Evaluation and Rehabilitation Curricula in Occupational Therapy Programs
Authors: Yuen Hon K. , Burik Jerry K. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. Our purpose in this study was to examine the preclinical curricular content pertaining to driving evaluation and rehabilitation (DE/R) included in professional entry-level occupational therapy programs.
METHOD. An e-mail survey containing questions about the program’s structure and extent of course material related to DE/R in the curriculum was sent to directors of all 144 U.S. accredited professional entry-level occupational therapy programs.
RESULTS. Ninety programs responded (62.5% response rate), of which 80 included content related to DE/R in some required courses, and 9 programs offered a required course specifically in DE/R. Approximately 18% of the respondent programs offered electives with DE/R content.
CONCLUSION. Of the respondent professional entry-level occupational therapy programs, few offer a required course specifically devoted to DE/R, but almost all programs integrate DE/R content into required coursework, thus satisfying the Accreditation Council for Occupational Therapy Education standards related to driver rehabilitation.
Changes in the African monsoon region at medium‐term time horizon using 12 AR4 coupled models under the A1b emissions scenario
Authors: Fontaine Bernard , Roucou Pascal , Monerie Paul‐Arthur 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis study documents simulated precipitation and circulation changes through the 20C3M and A1b scenarios. It portrays a robust pattern, associating rainfall deficits in subtropical regions with rainfall excesses over West Africa, except in Northern Senegal and Mauritania, with a significant enhancement of both the April–June rainy season in 10/12 models and of the July–September rainy season in 8/12 models. Eastward to 5°W a northward shift in the latitude of the moisture flux convergence at 850 hPa is evident in 10/11 models (+0.58° in mean) and a southward shift in 6/11 models in the western region (−0.24°) is observed. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Contrasted land‐surface processes along the West African rainfall gradient
Authors: Séguis L. , Boulain N. , Cappelaere B. , Cohard J.M. , Favreau G. , Galle S. , Guyot A. , Hiernaux P. , Mougin É. , Peugeot C. , Ramier D. , Seghieri J. , Timouk F. , Demarez V. , Demarty J. , Descroix L. , Descloitres M. , Grippa M. , Guichard F. , Kamagaté B. , Kergoat L. , Lebel T. , Le Dantec V. , Le Lay M. , Massuel S. , Trichon V. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe review the main results of land‐surface studies obtained in the three sites of the long‐term observing system AMMA‐CATCH. Runoff in the Sahel enhances the variability of energy partitioning between non‐infiltrative areas where sensible heat is dominant and infiltrative areas where soil water availability increases the latent flux. In terms of water resources, an increase in runoff over the past 50 years, already reported for the exoreic Sahel, was revealed in the endoreic Sahel. In the Sudanian domain, the subsurface origin of streamflow could explain its decrease over the same period. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Early warning systems for food security in West Africa: evolution, achievements and challenges
Authors: Genesio L. , Bacci M. , Baron C. , Diarra B. , Di Vecchia A. , Alhassane A. , Hassane I. , Ndiaye M. , Philippon N. , Tarchiani V. , Traoré S. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn West Africa, early warning systems (EWSs) for food security have been widely recognized to have contributed, in the last 20 years, to an improved ability to deal with famine emergencies. Nevertheless, despite the advancements in understanding of the environmental and socio‐economic dynamics and despite the improved technologies, tackling food security remains a difficult task for decision makers as demonstrated by local food crises in many countries of the region. African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis, while improving the understanding of the monsoon system, allowed us to better orient research challenges to provide EWS with improved products, effectively meeting the needs of end‐users at different levels. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
The sweet connection: Solving the riddle of multiple sugar‐binding fimbrial adhesins in Escherichia coli
Authors: Korea Charalampia‐Georgia , Ghigo Jean‐Marc , Beloin Christophe 
Published: February 2011

AbstractProteinaceous stalks produced by Gram‐negative bacteria are often used to adhere to environmental surfaces. Among them, chaperone‐usher (CU) fimbriae adhesins, related to prototypical type 1 fimbriae, interact in highly specific ways with different ligands at different stages of bacterial infection or surface colonisation. Recent analyses revealed a large number of potential and often “cryptic” CU fimbriae homologues in the genome of commensal and pathogenic Escherichia coli and closely related bacteria. We propose that CU fimbriae form a yet unexplored arsenal of lectins, carbohydrate‐binding proteins involved in various aspects of bacterial surface adhesion and tissue tropism. Combined efforts of molecular and structural biologists will be required to unravel the biological contribution of the bacterial lectome, however, current progress has already opened up new perspectives in the design of novel anti‐infective strategies.