bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and underlying mechanisms of phylosymbiosis in land plants
Authors: Lin Li-Qun , Tembrock Luke R , Wang Li 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Phylosymbiosis, the congruence of microbiome composition with host phylogeny, is a valuable framework for investigating plant–microbe associations and their evolutionary ecology. This review assesses the prevalence of phylosymbiosis across the plant kingdom, elucidates the fundamental ecological and evolutionary processes contributing to its occurrence based on previous research and explores commonly used methods for identifying phylosymbiosis. We find that the presence of phylosymbiosis may be influenced by both phylogenetic distance and the taxonomic level at which host plants are examined, with the strength of associations potentially decreasing as the taxonomic scale becomes finer. Notably, the endophytic microbiome exhibits a stronger phylosymbiosis signal compared with the epiphytic or rhizosphere-associated microbiomes. Microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria can yield highly variable evidence for phylosymbiosis due to differences in colonization, transmission or functional characteristics. We also outline how the four community assembly processes (dispersal, selection, diversification and drift) contribute to the establishment and maintenance of host–microbe phylosymbiosis. Furthermore, we highlight the diversity of methods employed to detect phylosymbiosis, which involves three key processes: constructing host phylogenies, assessing microbial data and statistically evaluating the correlation between host phylogeny and microbial composition. Remarkably different methodologies across studies make comparisons between findings challenging. To advance our understanding, future research is expected to explore phylosymbiosis at lower taxonomic levels and investigate different microbial communities coexisting synergistically within the same host. Understanding the relative importance of community assembly processes in driving phylosymbiosis will be critical for gaining deeper insights into the ecology and evolution of host–microbe interactions.
A native herbaceous community exerts a strong allelopathic effect on the woody range-expander Betula fruticosa
Authors: Wang Lichao , Oduor Ayub M O , Liu Yanjie 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Biological invasions by alien and range-expanding native plant species can suppress native plants through allelopathy. However, the homeland security hypothesis suggests that some native plants can resist invasion by producing allelopathic compounds that inhibit the growth of invasive plants. Most research has focused on allelopathic interactions between individual native and invasive plant species, with less emphasis on how allelopathy helps entire native communities resist invasions. Additionally, limited knowledge exists about allelopathic interactions between range-expanding native species and recipient native communities, and their influence on invasion success. To bridge this knowledge gap, we conducted two greenhouse competition experiments to test reciprocal allelopathic effects between a native woody range-expanding species, Betula fruticosa, and a community of four native herbaceous species (Sanguisorba officinalis, Gentiana manshurica, Sium suave and Deyeuxia angustifolia) in China. We assessed whether B. fruticosa and the native community differed in their competitive effects and responses, and whether these were influenced by activated carbon, which neutralizes allelochemicals in the soil. Activated carbon reduced the suppressive effects of the native community on the above-ground biomass of B. fruticosa, which indicates that the native community exerted a strong allelopathic effect on B. fruticosa. In contrast, activated carbon only marginally enhanced the suppressive effects of B. fruticosa on the native community, which indicates that allelopathy is not the primary mechanism by which B. fruticosa exerts its suppression. Overall, these findings support the homeland security hypothesis and suggest that biotic resistance from the native herbaceous community may limit the invasion success of the woody range-expander B. fruticosa.
Self-harm and suicidal behaviors in children: perspectives of mental health clinicians
Authors: Townsend Michelle L , Barr Karlen R , Miller Caitlin E , Sanzone Gillian 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective
Presentations for self-harm and suicidal behaviors are increasing in children and young people, although less is known about these presentations in children aged 12 years and under. This study aims to understand how mental health clinicians in public health services conceptualize, identify and respond to self-harm and suicidal behaviors in children.

Methods
26 mental health clinicians provided their perspectives through interviews or focus groups. Participant responses were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results
Mental health clinicians described how self-harm and suicidal behaviors may present differently in children compared with adolescents, particularly with the methods used. Using developmentally appropriate language and including parents or carers when screening for self-harm and suicidal behaviors was recommended by clinicians. The inclusion of parents or carers throughout the treatment process was important for clinicians, including helping parents understand their child’s behavior and manage their own distress. Clinicians also highlighted the benefit of collaborating with schools to support children, yet noted primary school staff require training in responding to child self-harm and suicidal behavior. The limited services available for children 12 years and under including emergency care services, was identified as a problem.

Conclusions
Findings highlight the importance of timely assessment and interventions which include mental health and medical clinicians, parents, carers, and school staff to support children with self-harm and suicidal behaviors.
Arabidopsis pollen prolyl-hydroxylases P4H4/6 are relevant for correct hydroxylation and secretion of LRX11 in pollen tubes
Authors: Sede Ana R , Wengier Diego L , Borassi Cecilia , Ricardi Martiniano , Somoza Sofía C , Aguiló Rafael , Estevez José M , Muschietti Jorge P 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Major constituents of the plant cell walls are structural proteins that belong to the hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein (HRGP) family. Leucine-rich repeat extensin (LRX) proteins contain a leucine-rich domain and a C-terminal domain with repetitive Ser–Pro3–5 motifs that are potentially to be O-glycosylated. It has been demonstrated that pollen-specific LRX8–LRX11 from Arabidopsis thaliana are necessary to maintain the integrity of the pollen tube cell wall during polarized growth. In HRGPs, including classical extensins (EXTs), and probably in LRXs, proline residues are converted to hydroxyproline by prolyl-4-hydroxylases (P4Hs), thus defining novel O-glycosylation sites. In this context, we aimed to determine whether hydroxylation and subsequent O-glycosylation of Arabidopsis pollen LRXs are necessary for their proper function and cell wall localization in pollen tubes. We hypothesized that pollen-expressed P4H4 and P4H6 catalyze the hydroxylation of the proline units present in Ser–Pro3–5 motifs of LRX8–LRX11. Here, we show that the p4h4-1 p4h6-1 double mutant exhibits a reduction in pollen germination rates and a slight reduction in pollen tube length. Pollen germination is also inhibited by P4H inhibitors, suggesting that prolyl hydroxylation is required for pollen tube development. Plants expressing pLRX11::LRX11-GFP in the p4h4-1 p4h6-1 background show partial re-localization of LRX11–green fluorescent protein (GFP) from the pollen tube tip apoplast to the cytoplasm. Finally, immunoprecipitation-tandem mass spectrometry analysis revealed a decrease in oxidized prolines (hydroxyprolines) in LRX11–GFP in the p4h4-1 p4h6-1 background compared with lrx11 plants expressing pLRX11::LRX11-GFP. Taken together, these results suggest that P4H4 and P4H6 are required for pollen germination and for proper hydroxylation of LRX11 necessary for its localization in the cell wall of pollen tubes.
Improving the accuracy of halo mass based statistics for fast approximate N-body simulations
Authors: Wu Yiheng , Guo Hong , Springel Volker 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Approximate N-body methods, such as fastpm and cola, have been successful in modelling halo and galaxy clustering statistics, but their low resolution on small scales is a limitation for applications that require high precision. Full N-body simulations can provide better accuracy but are too computationally expensive for a quick exploration of cosmological parameters. This paper presents a method for correcting distinct haloes identified in fast N-body simulations, so that various halo statistics improve to a percent level accuracy. The scheme seeks to find empirical corrections to halo properties such that the virial mass is the same as that of a corresponding halo in a full N-body simulation. The modified outer density contour of the corrected halo is determined on the basis of the fastpm settings and the number of particles inside the halo. This method only changes some parameters of the halo finder, and does not require any extra CPU-cost. We demonstrate that the adjusted halo catalogues of fastpm simulations significantly improve the precision of halo mass-based statistics from redshifts $z=0.0$ to 1.0, and that our calibration can be applied to different cosmologies without needing to be recalibrated.
Generating mock galaxy catalogues for flux-limited samples like the DESI Bright Galaxy Survey
Authors: Smith A , Grove C , Cole S , Norberg P , Zarrouk P , Yuan S , Aguilar J , Ahlen S , Brooks D , Claybaugh T , de la Macorra A , Doel P , Forero-Romero J E , Gaztañaga E , Gontcho S Gontcho A , Hahn C , Kehoe R , Kremin A , Levi M E , Manera M , Meisner A , Miquel R , Moustakas J , Nie J , Percival W J , Rezaie M , Rossi G , Sanchez E , Seo H , Tarlé G , Zhou Z 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Accurate mock galaxy catalogues are crucial to validate analysis pipelines used to constrain dark energy models. We present a fast HOD-fitting method which we apply to the AbacusSummit simulations to create a set of mock catalogues for the DESI Bright Galaxy Survey, which contain r-band magnitudes and $(g-r)$ colours. The halo tabulation method fits HODs for different absolute magnitude threshold samples simultaneously, preventing unphysical HOD crossing between samples. We validate the HOD fitting procedure by fitting to real-space clustering measurements and galaxy number densities from the MXXL BGS mock, which was tuned to the SDSS and GAMA surveys. The best-fitting clustering measurements and number densities are mostly within the assumed errors, but the clustering for the faint samples is low on large scales. The best-fitting HOD parameters are robust when fitting to simulations with different realizations of the initial conditions. When varying the cosmology, trends are seen as a function of each cosmological parameter. We use the best-fitting HOD parameters to create cubic box and cut sky mocks from the AbacusSummit simulations, in a range of cosmologies. As an illustration, we compare the ${}^{0.1}M_r\lt -20$ sample of galaxies in the mock with BGS measurements from the DESI one-percent survey. We find good agreement in the number densities, and the projected correlation function is reasonable, with differences that can be improved in the future by fitting directly to BGS clustering measurements. The cubic box and cut-sky mocks in different cosmologies are made publicly available.
Recruitment and phoresy of the endangered limpet Patella ferruginea in Ceuta (Strait of Gibraltar)
Authors: Pavón-Paneque Altai , Ostalé-Valriberas Enrique , Espinosa Free , García-Gómez José Carlos 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Patella ferruginea, an endemic marine mollusc of the western Mediterranean, faces a severe threat due to historical overexploitation, habitat loss and habitat vulnerability. This specie forms reproductive populations on sheltered dikes within Alboran Sea ports, presenting a persistent management challenge. Investigating both recruitment rates and preferences in artificial habitats, as well as early life stages, is crucial for its conservation. Three experiments, focusing on recruits under 25 mm, were conducted, with two exclusively in Ceuta's port in the Strait of Gibraltar. The first study explored intra-annual recruitment variations across three sites with different elevations (up, down) and inclinations (horizontal, vertical), utilizing fixed quadrats. Quadrats (20 × 20 cm) were surveyed for recruitment in March, April, May, July, October and December 2017. The second experiment, with similar factors, spanned 2017–2019, studying recruitment variations in March, May and July. The third examined the phoresy phenomenon—recruitment over conspecific shells—by comparing Ceuta and Melilla populations. Results revealed higher recruitment rates and smaller recruits in the lower midlittoral zone, followed by postrecruitment migration upwards. No discernible differences emerged regarding the slope or location for phoresy. This study highlights the potential of P. ferruginea recruitment data as an indicator of harbour health, acknowledging the influence of external factors on recruitment success. Long-term monitoring of recruitment patterns, alongside other ecological indicators, is crucial for informing sustainable management of P. ferruginea in port environments.
Phase II study of vemurafenib in children and young adults with tumors harboring BRAF V600 mutations: NCI-COG pediatric MATCH trial (APEC1621) Arm G
Authors: Nelson Marie V , Kim AeRang , Williams P Mickey , Roy-Chowdhuri Sinchita , Patton David R , Coffey Brent D , Reid Joel M , Piao Jin , Saguilig Lauren , Alonzo Todd A , Berg Stacey L , Ramirez Nilsa C , Jaju Alok , Fox Elizabeth , Weigel Brenda J , Hawkins Douglas S , Mooney Margaret M , Takebe Naoko , Tricoli James V , Janeway Katherine A , Seibel Nita L , Parsons D Williams 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
This is a phase II subprotocol of the NCI-COG Pediatric MATCH study evaluating vemurafenib, a selective oral inhibitor of BRAF V600 mutated kinase, in patients with relapsed or refractory solid tumors harboring BRAF V600 mutations.

Methods
Patients received vemurafenib at 550 mg/m2 (maximum 960 mg/dose) orally twice daily for 28-day cycles until progression or intolerable toxicity. The primary aim was to determine the objective response rate and secondary objectives included estimating progression-free survival and assessing the tolerability of vemurafenib.

Results
Twenty-two patients matched to the subprotocol and 4 patients (18%) enrolled. Primary reasons for non-enrollment were ineligibility due to exclusions of low-grade glioma (n = 7) and prior BRAF inhibitor therapy (n = 7). Enrolled diagnoses were one each of histiocytosis, ameloblastoma, Ewing sarcoma, and high-grade glioma, all with BRAF V600E mutations. Treatment was overall tolerable with mostly expected grade 1/2 adverse events (AE). Grade 3 or 4 AE on treatment were acute kidney injury, hyperglycemia, and maculopapular rash. One patient came off therapy due to AE. One patient (glioma) had an objective partial response and remained on protocol therapy for 15 cycles.

Conclusion
There was a low accrual rate on this MATCH subprotocol, with only 18% of those who matched with BRAFV600 mutations enrolling, resulting in early termination, and limiting study results (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03220035).
Inborn errors of immunity in Canadian First Nations and Nunavut Inuit Children: the tip of the iceberg
Authors: Pham-Huy Anne , Murguia-Favela Luis , Rubin Tamar , Suresh Sneha , Wright Nicola A M , Derfalvi Beata , Sinha Roona , Bowes Jennifer , Cuvelier Geoffrey D E ,   the Clinical Immunology Network-Canada (CINC), Brager Rae , Fong Andrea , Grunebaum Eyal , Kim Vy , Haddad Elie , Decaluwe Hélène , Touzot Fabien , Alizadehfar Reza , Haynes Alison 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) are a heterogeneous group of genetic diseases that impact normal immune development and function. Individual IEI are rare, but collectively, can represent an important health burden. Little is known about the types of IEI seen in Canadian First Nations (FN) and Inuit populations. We sought to understand the spectrum of serious IEI in FN and Nunavut Inuit children, as a starting point for improving the awareness of these conditions in the community and for health care workers.

Methods
A questionnaire was distributed to participating Canadian pediatric tertiary-care centers. Providers were asked to report cases of confirmed or suspected severe immunodeficiencies seen in FN and Nunavut Inuit children.

Results
From 2004 to 2022, IEI were reported in 63 FN and 21 Inuit children by 4 pediatric hospitals across 3 Canadian provinces. The majority of cases were immunodeficiencies affecting cellular and humoral immunity (62% of cases in FN and 57% in Inuit children). IKBKB deficiency, adenosine-deaminase severe combined immune deficiency (SCID), and chronic granulomatous disease were the most common IEI. A wide variety of other IEI was reported, many of which would not be detected by current newborn screening for SCID and for which live-attenuated vaccines would have been contraindicated.

Conclusions
IEI occur in FN and Inuit children and may be underrecognized. Better understanding the prevalence of these conditions in specific communities could help inform public health policies including newborn screening and immunization programs and ultimately improve the health of FN and Inuit children in Canada.
Policy design for biodiversity: How problem conception drift undermines “fit-for-purpose” Peatland conservation
Authors: Cashore Benjamin , Mukherjee Ishani , Virani Altaf , Wijedasa Lahiru S 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
For over two decades, scientists have documented the alarming decline of global Peatland ecosystems, regarded as the planet’s most crucial carbon sinks. The deterioration of these unique wetlands alongside their policy attention presents a puzzle for policy scientists and for students of anticipatory policy design. Two contrasting explanations have emerged. Some argue that pressures from economic globalization compel governments to relax environmental standards, while others point to deficiencies in policy design and implementation. Our paper applies Cashore’s Four Problem Types framework to assess a more nuanced explanation: that failure of global and local policies to curb ecosystem degradation is owing to a misalignment between how the problem is currently conceived of, and what conception is required for, effective environmental management. We find overwhelming evidence that reversing Peatland degradation necessitates a fundamental shift in applied policy analysis—from treating the crisis as a Type 3 (Compromise), Type 2 (Optimization), or even Type 1 (Commons) problem, to conceiving it as a Type 4 (Prioritization) challenge. Achieving this requires undertaking four essential policy design tasks: engaging sequentialist/lexical ordering processes; identifying key features of the problem that any solution would need to incorporate to effectively overcome; applying path dependency analysis to uncover policy mix innovations capable of “locking-in” sustainability trajectories that can fend off pressures for policy conception drift; and organizing multistakeholder “policy design learning” exercises that integrate complex sources of knowledge produced within, and across, the ecological and policy sciences.
Boundedness of the dyadic maximal function on graded Lie groups
Authors: Cardona DuvÁn , Delgado Julio , Ruzhansky Michael 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Let $1 \lt p\leq \infty$ and let $n\geq 2.$ It was proved independently by Calderón, Coifman and Weiss that the dyadic maximal function $$ \mathcal{M}^{d\sigma}_Df(x)=\sup_{j\in\mathbb{Z}}\left|\smallint\limits_{\mathbb{S}^{n-1}}f(x-2^jy)d\sigma(y)\right| \\[4pt] $$ is a bounded operator on $L^p(\mathbb{R}^n)$, where $d\sigma(y)$ is the surface measure on $\mathbb{S}^{n-1}.$ In this paper we prove an analogue of this result on arbitrary graded Lie groups. More precisely, to any finite Borel measure $d\sigma$ with compact support on a graded Lie group $G,$ we associate the corresponding dyadic maximal function $\mathcal{M}_D^{d\sigma}$ using the homogeneous structure of the group. Then, we prove a criterion in terms of the order (at zero and at infinity) of the group Fourier transform $\widehat{d\sigma}$ of $d\sigma$ with respect to a fixed Rockland operator $\mathcal{R}$ on G that assures the boundedness of $\mathcal{M}_D^{d\sigma}$ on $L^p(G)$ for all $1 \lt p\leq \infty.$
Threat- and reward-related brain circuitry, perceived stress, and anxiety in adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal investigation
Authors: Borchers Lauren R , Gifuni Anthony J , Ho Tiffany C , Kirshenbaum Jaclyn S , Gotlib Ian H 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic led to heightened anxiety in adolescents. The basolateral amygdala (BLA) and the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) are implicated in response to stress and may contribute to anxiety. The role of threat- and reward-related circuitry in adolescent anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic, however, is not clear. Ninety-nine adolescents underwent resting-state fMRI ∼1 year before the pandemic. Following shelter-in-place orders, adolescents reported their perceived stress and, 1 month later, their anxiety. Generalized multivariate analyses identified BLA and NAcc seed-based whole-brain functional connectivity maps with perceived stress. In the resulting significant clusters, we examined the association between seed-based connectivityand subsequent anxiety. Perceived stress was associated with bilateral BLA and NAcc connectivity across distributed clusters that included prefrontal, limbic, temporal, and cerebellar regions. Several NAcc connectivity clusters located in ventromedial prefrontal, parahippocampal, and temporal cortices were positively associated with anxiety; NAcc connectivity with the inferior frontal gyrus was negatively associated. BLA connectivity was not associated with anxiety. These results underscore the integrative role of the NAcc in responding to acute stressors and its relation to anxiety in adolescents. Elucidating the involvement of subcortical–cortical circuitry in adolescents’ capacity to respond adaptively to environmental challenges can inform treatment for anxiety-related disorders.
Pose, solve and pose cycle: an examination on the change of pre-service mathematics teachers’ problem-posing performances
Authors: Kar Tuğrul , Öztürk Ferhat , Özkaya Merve 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We designed a programme consisting of initial problem posing related to a problem about oil drums, teaching activities to solve the problem and further problem posing to investigate the change in pre-service mathematics teachers’ problem-posing performances and the potential role of teaching activities in these performances. The participants’ problem-posing fluency and flexibility scores showed statistically significant improvement over the course of the cycle. Although there was an improvement in problem-posing rarity scores, it was not statistically significant. Understanding the visual model and discovering the geometric properties of the problem were identified as categories that were effective in improving the participants’ performances.