bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunological aspects in the rejection process of Hymenolepis muris-sylvaticae from CFLP and NMRI mice
Authors: Haeren C. Van , De Rycke P. H. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWhen mice were treated with 1–25 mg cortisone acetate thrice weekly, recovery of Hymenolepis murissylvaticae was significantly higher than in untreated controls, both in oral infections with six cysticercoids and surgical transplantations of one 7-day or 8-day-old worm. Cortisone treatment also resulted in the worms being located more anteriorly in the small intestine.
Evidence of an immunological response against the tapeworm in the intestine is given by: (a) an accelerated rejection of a secondary oral cysticercoid infection and a significant difference of the dry weights of the worms recovered on day 10 in CFLP mice; (b) an accelerated rejection of a secondary surgical infection on days 4 and 6 in CFLP mice and on days 3 and 4 in NMRI mice; (c) an accelerated rejection of a secondary surgical infection given 3 and 6 months after the primary immunizing infection in SWlSS-albino mice.
The ability of single sex infections of Schistosoma japonicum to induce resistance to reinfection in mice
Authors: Moloney N. A. , Hinchcliffe P. , Webbe G. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn four experiments, mice harbouring an average 50, 76 or over 200 Schistosoma japonicum female worms were not resistant when challenged six to eight weeks after infection. The female worms from these single sex infections were stunted and immature (average length 4–6 mm) and induced no overt pathology in the host. Male worm burdens of 60, 135 or 140 also induced little or no resistance to challenge in the host. The males from these single sex infections were fully grown for their age (average length 9 mm) and burdens of 135 or 140 induced distended hepatic portal veins and marked deposition of pigment in the livers of infected mice.
Gastro-intestinal nematodes of élite show dogs in Great Britain
Authors: Jacobs D. E. , Pegg E. J. 
Published: June 2009

In order to make a valid assessment of the extent to which British dogs are infected with helminth parasites, it is necessary to collect and collate information from a wide spectrum of the constituent groups that make up the total canine population of the United Kingdom. The purpose of the present contribution is to report for the first time on the prevalence of patent infection with gastro-intestinal nematodes in élite show dogs.A total of 574 freshly deposited faecal samples were collected from “exercising areas” at a large dog show exhibiting more than 9 800 high quality animals of many breeds from all areas of the United Kingdom. A sugar flotation, centrifugation technique was used to detect the presence of nematode ova, which were found in 12·2% of the dogs sampled. There was evidence of infection with the following parasites: Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina, Trichuris vulpis and Uncinaria stenocephala. The overall prevalence rates for each Were 7·3%, 2·8%, 1·9% and 0·9%, respectively. Data on the age and sex of the donor animals were available for 338 of the samples and the distribution of T. canis infections in elation to these factors is displayed in Table 1.
Studies on some monogenean parasites of Haemulon sciurus (Shaw, 1803) (Pomadasyidae)
Authors: Kohn Anna , Abranson Beatriz , Macedo Bearnice 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTNew host and geographical records and new morphological data are reported on three monogeneans: Encotyllabe spari YAMAGUTI, 1934, Choricotyle hysteroncha (FUJII, 1944) and Pseudotagia cupida (HARGIS, 1956).
Induction of host resistance to Brugia pahangi in jirds (Meriones unguiculatus) protected by chemoprophylaxis
Authors: Chusattayanond W. , Denham D. A. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTJirds were given a chcmoprophylactic inoculation of flubendazole (FMBZ) and then five injections of infective larvae of Brugia pahangi whilst still protected by the FMDZ. When the drug was thought to be noneffective the jirds (and controls) were given a challenge infection of B. pahangi larvae. By comparison with control jirds the trcatcd-infectcd-challcnged jirds had 40% fewer adult worms. The control treated-challenged jirds contained mostly sterile female worms showing that they were still partially protected by FMBZ but worms numbers were not significantly reduced as compared with untreated controls.
Studies of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in two experimental hosts
Authors: Uchida Kikue , Yoshimura Kentaro , Sato Keiko , Yosida Tosihide H. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTLung infection with Angiostrongylus cantonensis was established in experimentally infected Indian softfurred rats (Millardia meltada) and Indian spiny mice (Mus platythrix). Pulmonary arterial migration occurred earlier (at day 20 after infection) in M. meltada than in Wistar rats. M. meltada and M. platythrix could serve as useful animal models for comparative studies of mechanisms determining host specificity of A. cantonensis.
The occurrence of Mesocestoides sp. in British wild red foxes (Vulpes vulpes crucigera)
Authors: Thompson R. C. A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractInfection with the cyclophyllidean tapeworm Mesocestoides sp.is recorded in British wild red foxes (Vulpes vulpes crucigera) from Scotland and South East England. Previously, the occurrence of this parasite in Great Britain has been rarely reported, but the results of the present study indicate that vulpine infection may be common.
Comparative efficacy of standard antihookworm drugs against various test nematodes
Authors: Misra Anuradha , Visen P. K. S. , Katiyar J. C. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThe chemotherapeutic responses of three test nematodes, Nippostrongylus brasilietxsis, Nematospiroidesdubius and Ancylostoma ceylanicum to standard antihookworm drugs were assessed in order to select asuitable host-parasite system for the primary screening of potential antihookworm compounds. N. dubiusbehaved inconsistently and, with some infections, required more drug to achieve 100% clearance. Nippostrongylus brasiliensis was found to be sensitive to thiabendazole, tetramisole and levamisole but the broad spectrum anthclmintic mebendazole was ineffective. A. ceylanicum was very sensitive to mebendazole, sensitive to tetramisole and levamisole and refractory to thiabendazole. In vitro, none of the compounds had any lethal effect against any of the nematodes, except mebendazole against A. ceylanicum.A. ceylanicum does occur in man and its chemotherapeutic reactions are similar to those of target hookworm infections of economic importance. As such, although not equally sensitive to standard anthelmintics, it is recommended for routine primary screening.
Studies on infectivity, longevity and fecundity ofAncylostoma ceylanicumin golden hamsters
Authors: Visen P.K.S. , Katiyar J.C. , Sen A.B. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAncylostoma ceylanicumis a new introduction as an experimental hookworm model. Information on the biology of this parasite in its laboratory host—the golden hamster, is meagre. Its infectivity, longevity and fecundity were studied to obtain relevant information especially on vulnerable points in the maintenance and continuation of the infection. 100% infectivity was obtained with an inoculum of 60 larvae per animal. Maximum numbers of parasites were harboured from day 15 to day 18 after infection and thereafter gradually declined. Approximately 10% of the worms were still present at the end of the third month of infection. The in vitro release of eggs in a 24-hour period by one female nematode peaked from day 25 to day 39; a second rise occurred on day 70 after infection.
Stabilization of egg-shell in Paraplerurus sauridae (Digenea: Hemiuridae)
Authors: Nellaiappan K. , Ramalingam K. 
Published: June 2009

SummaryThe newly formed egg-shell from eggs in the proximal part of the uterus of Paraplerurus sauridae is colourless and transparent, whereas the shell from eggs in the distal uterus is golden yellow in colour. Histochemical tests reveal the presence of phenol, protein and phenolase in the freshly formed egg-shell. The egg-shell from eggs in the distal uterus shows the property of sclerotin. Histochemical reactions, chromatography and spectrum analysis reveal the presence of a dityrosyl linkage in the egg-shell. The nature of the protein component in the egg-shell is discussed.
Evidence for concanavalin A binding sites on the surface coat of Trypanosoma congolense
Authors: Rautenberg P. , Reinwald E. , Risse H-J. 
Published: June 2009

SummaryGlycoproteins of Trypanosoma congolense have been detected on SDS-polyacrylamide gels using the Concanavalin A peroxidase technique. Using [35S]diazoniobenzenesulphonate as a marker for cell surface proteins it was possible to distinguish between internal glycoproteins and the surface coat proteins. On SDS-polyacrylamide gels Con A reacted with the surface coat proteins. Results obtained from Con A-induced agglutination of living trypanosomes indicated that sugars of the surface coat proteins were accessible to Con A. This was reinforced by the cytochemical visualization of Con A binding to the trypanosome surface. The results suggested that the surface coat protein contained α-linked d-mannosyl, d-glucosyl, or N-acetyl-d-glucosaminoyl residues, which are exposed exteriorly on the surface coat.
Endopeptidases fromPlasmodium knowlesi
Authors: Hempelmann E. , Wilson R. J. M. 
Published: June 2009

SummaryExtracts of rhesus monkey erythrocytes infected withPlasmodium knowlesiwere fractionated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and several zones of endopeptidase activity were demonstrated by an imprint-digest method. The enzymes were active only under acid conditions; activity was detected at pH 3·2 but not between pH 6·4 and 8·9 using haemoglobin, albumin or erythrocyte lysate as the substrate. Optimized PAGE conditions separated highly active parasite enzymes withRfvalues of 73, 63 and 53 (± 7%), as well as a red cell endopeptidase,Rf44. Of two other minor bands of activity, one was associated with platelets.
Gypsy moth mycoses by two species of entomogenous fungi and an assessment of their avian toxicity
Authors: Wasti S. S. , Hartmann G. C. , Rousseau A. J. 
Published: June 2009

SummaryMycoses of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) by two species of entomogenous fungi, Metarrhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin and Paecilomyces fumoso-roseus (Wize) Brown and Smith were experimentally established. Infected larvae revealed complete disintegration of viscera within 95 h post-inoculation with M. anisopliae and within 120 h with P. fumoso-roseus. Avian safety studies confirmed the tolerance of large dosages of spore suspensions of both species. Some body weight loss was recorded but all other indicators were not significantly different from the control birds.
Egg-shell permeability and hatching ofAscaris suum
Authors: Clarke A. J. , Perry R. N. 
Published: June 2009

SummaryWhen eggs ofAscaris suumwere transferred from glass-distilled water into 0·1–0·4mNaCl solutions, the water content of the unhatched juveniles fell with increasing concentration of solute. The effect was reversible. The egg-shell was thus permeable to water. The osmotic pressure of the egg fluid was osmotically equivalent to between 0·1 and 0·2mtrehalose. In hatching experiments in Fairbairn's medium containing 0·1 or 0·2mtrehalose, only 5 and 3% respectively of the eggs hatched; 83% of the eggs hatched in the absence of trehalose. The evidence suggests that loss of solutes from the egg fluid permits an increase in the water content of the unhatched juveniles and that this may be responsible for ending their quiescence.
Factors affecting the ability of isolated Plasmodium knowlesi merozoites to attach to and invade erythrocytes
Authors: Johnson J. G. , Epstein N. , Shiroishi T. , Miller L. H. 
Published: June 2009

SummaryPlasmodium knowlesi merozoites were prepared by the polycarbonate sieving method of Dennis, Mitchell, Butcher & Cohen (1975). Merozoite function was assayed by their attachment to and invasion of rhesus erythrocytes at 37 °C. The early merozoites from the culture chamber were the most invasive, although maximum numbers of merozoites appeared later. Merozoites were most stable when incubated at room temperature (23 °C). At 37 and 0 °C invasiveness rapidly declined to zero. Attachment was rapidly lost at 37 °C but was retained at 0 °C. Attachment was unchanged in the pH range 6·8–7·9 but invasion was reduced at pH 7·9. The presence of l-fucose, d-galactose, d-glucose, d-mannose, N-acetyl-d-galactosamine or N-acetyl-D-glucosamine did not reduce invasion. Attachment and invasion were greatly reduced or abolished by the presence of 2·5 mm EDTA or EGTA, by lactoper-oxidase-catalysed iodination of the merozoites, or by treatment of the merozoites with trypsin at a concentration of 1 μg/ml or greater for 10 min at 23 °C.
Secretory IgA responses in rats to antigens of various developmental stages ofNippostrongylus brasiliensis
Authors: Wedrychowicz H. , Maclean J. M. , Holmes P. H. 
Published: June 2009

SummaryIntestinal and faecal IgA responses against different developmental stages ofNippostrongylus brasiliensiswere studied in Hooded Lister rats vaccinated subcutaneously with infective larvae or intragastrically with 4th-stage larvae, adult nematodes, adult worm somatic and metabolic antigens. It was found that intragastric administration of L4or adult worms produced as high resistance to challenge as normal infection. Oral vaccination with adult nematode excretory–secretory (ES) and somatic antigens produced 69 and 17% protection respectively. All vaccination regimes induced a considerable IgA response against somatic and metabolic antigens of the intestinal stages. However, no correlation could be seen between the IgA levels and degree of protection. Analysis of intestinal mucosal, intestinal contents and faecal IgA specific to larval or adult antigens suggests that the IgA is probably induced by antigen(s) common to all intestinal stages. Also secretory IgA responses against surface antigens of intestinal L4did not show stage specificity, although this was detected in sera.
Systematic temporal changes in host susceptibility to infection: demographic mechanisms
Authors: McCallum H. I. , Anderson R. M. 
Published: June 2009

SummarySimple mathematical models are developed to examine the influence of variability in host susceptibility to infection, on the dynamics of host–parasite population interactions. When hosts differ in their innate susceptibility (at birth), to infection by a specific parasite, the average susceptibility of the host population as a whole may show systematic changes through time. Such patterns may arise as a result of demographic factors associated with the interaction between host and parasite populations, in the absence of inheritance mechanisms (a genetic component) or acquired resistance (an immunological component). The general significance of this observation is discussed in terms of the coevolution of host–parasite associations.
Factors affecting the acquisition of resistance to Schistosoma japonicum in the mouse: II. Evidence that resistance to reinfection is not mediated by specific effector mechanisms
Authors: Moloney N. A. , Webbe G. 
Published: June 2009

SummaryThe skin phase of schistosomular migration was neither essential for the induction or expression of acquired resistance since mice given primary infections by the intraperitoneal route were as resistant to intra-peritoneal or percutaneous challenge as were mice given their primary infections percutaneously. Serum taken from resistant donors with acute or chronic infections conferred no ability to resist infection upon recipient mice. In two experiments mice that were deprived of their T-cells were as resistant to infection as intact mice and both types of host had comparable tissue egg loads and liver pathology. In a third experiment the immune-deprived mice had lower tissue egg counts than the intact mice and were less resistant to challenge. It is suggested that specific immune effector mechanisms may not be involved in acquired resistance to reinfection but rather that resistance is affected by the T-cell independent immunopathology induced by tissue-bound Schistosoma japonicum eggs.
Field trials of a recombinant rabies vaccine
Authors: Pastoret P.-P. , Boulanger D. , Brochier B. 
Published: June 2009

SummaryTo improve both safety and stability of the vaccines used in the field to vaccinate foxes against rabies by the oral route, a recombinant vaccinia virus, expressing the glycoprotein of rabies virus (VVTGgRAB) has been developed. VVTGgRAB innocuity was verified in target species and in domestic animals as well as in numerous wild animal species that could compete with the red fox in consuming vaccine baits in Europe. Oral immunization of foxes, by distributing VVTGgRAB vaccine-baits, was undertaken for the whole infected area in Belgium (10000 km2). Five campaigns of fox vaccination, were carried out from autumn 1989 until 1991. Each time, 150000 vaccine-baits were dropped by air at a mean density of 15 per km2. These campaigns induced a drastic decrease in the incidence of rabies and the elimination of the disease from 80% of the initially infected area. Regarding the geographical evolution of rabies in Belgium and in adjacent regions in neighbouring countries, new spatial strategies for bait dispersal were planned for 1992, 1993 and 1994: successive confined campaigns were carried out along political borders only. These campaigns induced a new decrease of incidence; no rabid fox could be detected in 1993 in spite of an improved epidemiological surveillance. In 1994, rabies was again confirmed in 13 foxes collected in an area close to the French border. These cases demonstrate the persistence of a border rabies focus and justify further restricted vaccination campaigns.
The life-history of Pleistophora gigantea, Thélohan (Glugea gigantea Thél.)
Authors: Swellengrebel N. H. 
Published: June 2009

The parasite which I have here described has a life-history containing two distinct stages: a vegetative stage and a sporogonic stage. During the vegetative period multinucleate individuals divide by irregular schizogony producing young uni- or paucinucleate individuals. During the sporogonic period, a number of trophozoites unite to form an aggregation which becomes encysted. In the encysted individuals (the pansporoblasts) there is an increase of nuclear substance and a reduction of plasmatic substance. The nuclei become arranged in pairs and by successive unequal divisions the pansporoblasts produce the
sporoblasts which contain a pair of nuclei each. During the formation of the sporoblasts there is an increase of protoplasmatic substance. The sporoblasts become spores by the thickening of their pelliculae.At first the spores contain two nuclei, finally they become mononucleate. This must be explained by the fusion of the two nuclei.This nuclear fusion is probably to be interpreted as a paedogamous autogamy (in accordance with the nomenclature of Hartmann, 1909).
New species of ticks (Haemaphysalis, Amblyomma)
Authors: Robinson L. E. 
Published: June 2009

The follwing descriptions relate to two new species of the genera Haemaphysalis and Amblyomma, respectibely, and to a new variety of Amblyomma variegatum:Haemaphysalis silacea sp. n. ♀, from South Africa (370).Amblyomma variegatum var. n. nocens, ♂, from South Africa (371).Amblyomma fiebrigi sp. n. ♂ and ♀, from South America (6).
A Revision of the British Species of Clavella (Crustacea, Copepoda), with a Diagnosis of New Species: C. devastatrix and C. invicta
Authors: Leigh-Sharpe W. Harold 
Published: June 2009

The genus Clavella Oken, 1815, comprises parasitic Copepods belonging to the family Lernaeopodidae. The object of this paper is to dwell upon the following characteristics of the genus:Members of the genus Clavella are pre-eminently parasitic on Gadoid fishes. (Four British species not occurring on Gadoids have already been removed to other genera; one doubtful species will probably have to follow, and I am suggesting the removal of two more.)
Further Observations on South African Larval Trematodes
Authors: Faust Ernest Carroll 
Published: June 2009

1. Fourteen species of larval trematodes are described from South African material, of which thirteen are new to science.2. These forms are described and their relationship to previously described cercariae and to adult flukes is discussed.3. The cercariae of the human blood flukes of South Africa are brought up for detailed consideration. A restudy of the material in the writer's possession, including the original experimental material ofSchistosoma mansonifrom Venezuela, is presented.4. The writer restates his original thesis:The essential differentiating features of the apharyngeal fork-tailed cercariae consist in the number and microchemical reactions of the secretory cells. These structures can be studied and differentiated from well-preserved material as well as from fresh material.5.Isidora (Physopsis) africanafrom Natal is known to harbour three species of mammalian schistosome larvae, of which (a) one, originally diagnosed by the writer as the “Cercaria ofSchistosoma haematobium,” is found on re-examination to correspond to the larva which Blacklock and Thompson have found experimentally to be this species; (b) a second species corresponds exactly with that known experimentally to be the cercaria ofSchistosoma mansoniin Venezuela; while (c) a third (C. octadena) is probably that ofSchistosoma bovis, which is known to be présent in Natal.6. A table is presented which embodies the important diagnostic features of the three human blood-fluke cercariae.7. The systematic position of the thirty-eight species of larval trematodes described from Cawston's collections and their host relationships are summarised.
The Herpyllobiidae. A Family of Copepoda parasitic on Polynoid Worms
Authors: Leigh-Sharpe W. Harold 
Published: June 2009

Family Diagnosis. Copepoda parasitic dorsally on Polynoid Worms.Female with body divided into cephalothorax (head and neck) and trunk. No appendages articulated or otherwise on head or neck. No traces of segmentation. No mouth nor alimentary canal. Cuticle thin. Head and neck buried in the tissues of the host; the head converted into a voluminous organ whose only function is to absorb nutritive materials by endosmosis through expansions or rootlets. Head and neck at right angles to the middle of the trunk. A chitinous ring is usually present at the base of the neck at its insertion on the trunk. Genital apertures wide, the pyriform eggstrings issuing therefrom.
Carcinoma in Apposition to Cysticercus fasciolaris in a Mouse Injected with Cancer Cells
Authors: Bayon H. P. 
Published: June 2009

A mouse, which had been intraperitoneally injected with a filtered, diluted, cellular suspension of mouse-adeno-carcinoma, three months afterwards, was found to have developed a tumour of the same type on the pyloric end of the stomach surface, adherent to a cyst of the liver, containing the strobiloid larval stage of Taenia crassicollis.Thirty-five other mice, similarly injected, but which were not infected with this cestode, did not develop growths in the peritoneum.