bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exon Capture Museomics Deciphers the Nine-Banded Armadillo Species Complex and Identifies a New Species Endemic to the Guiana Shield
Authors: Barthe Mathilde , Rancilhac Loïs , Arteaga Maria C , Feijó Anderson , Tilak Marie-Ka , Justy Fabienne , Loughry William J , McDonough Colleen M , de Thoisy Benoit , Catzeflis François , Billet Guillaume , Hautier Lionel , Benoit Nabholz , Delsuc Frédéric 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) is the most widespread xenarthran species across the Americas. Recent studies have suggested it is composed of 4 morphologically and genetically distinct lineages of uncertain taxonomic status. To address this issue, we used a museomic approach to sequence 80 complete mitogenomes and capture 997 nuclear loci for 71 Dasypus individuals sampled across the entire distribution. We carefully cleaned up potential genotyping errors and cross-contaminations that could blur species boundaries by mimicking gene flow. Our results unambiguously support 4 distinct lineages within the D. novemcinctus complex. We found cases of mito-nuclear phylogenetic discordance but only limited contemporary gene flow confined to the margins of the lineage distributions. All available evidence including the restricted gene flow, phylogenetic reconstructions based on both mitogenomes and nuclear loci, and phylogenetic delimitation methods consistently supported the 4 lineages within D. novemcinctus as 4 distinct species. Comparable genetic differentiation values to other recognized Dasypus species further reinforced their status as valid species. Considering congruent morphological results from previous studies, we provide an integrative taxonomic view to recognize 4 species within the D. novemcinctus complex: D. novemcinctus, D. fenestratus, D. mexicanus, and D. guianensis sp. nov., a new species endemic of the Guiana Shield that we describe here. The 2 available individuals of D. mazzai and D. sabanicola were consistently nested within D. novemcinctus lineage and their status remains to be assessed. The present work offers a case study illustrating the power of museomics to reveal cryptic species diversity within a widely distributed and emblematic species of mammals.
Supplementation with live Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii during the initial 42 days of the feedlot phase in Nellore beef cattle
Authors: Bomfim Lorena E de L M , Nascimento Kaique de S , Calaça Alana M de M , Silva Luan de O M , Arnhold Emmanuel , Couto Victor R M , Barreto Yasmin M , Mari Lucas J , Santos Mateus C , Marine Gauthier , Chevaux Eric , Fernandes Juliano J de R 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii CNCM I-1079 supplementation during the initial feeding period on the performance of Nellore bulls in a feedlot system. One hundred ninety-eight Nellore bulls were used in a completely randomized block design, with blocking based on weight within each treatment group: light (331.4 kg; 4 pens), medium (349.7 kg; 4 pens), and heavy (362.5 kg; 3 pens). The treatments included CON—a basal diet, and SCB—basal diet plus a probiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii CNCM I-1079; 1.0 × 1010 CFU/head/d). Experimental diets were administered for the first 42 d (21 d in the step-up phase and 21 d in the finishing diet −870 g concentrate/kg dry matter [DM]). Subsequently, both treatment groups were transitioned to the same basal diet for an additional 76 d, completing 118 d on feed. Linear regression analysis was conducted for dry matter intake (DMI) data. During the initial 42 d, DMI tended to be higher for SCB (P = 0.09); also bulls fed SCB reached the plateau of the curve at 9.17 kg DMI/d earlier (39 d, R2 = 0.97) than those fed CON (43 d; R2 = 0.96) diets. For the first 42 d, the SCB treatment exhibited higher final weight (393.0 vs. 401.4 kg, P = 0.02), total gain (49.3 vs. 53.5 kg, P = 0.02), daily weight gain (1.124 vs. 1.274 kg, P = 0.02), and G:F (0.174 vs. 0.188, P = 0.04). Over the entire 118-d period, SCB-fed bulls had greater final body weight (509.5 vs. 518.0 kg, P = 0.02), total body weight gain (163.7 vs. 170.3 kg, P = 0.01), and average daily gain (1.366 vs. 1.420 kg, P = 0.01). The feed efficiency of SCB-supplemented bulls was 8.05% higher than CON (P = 0.04), and the final carcass weight was 1.69% greater for animals fed SCB (283.8 vs. 288.6 kg, P = 0.04). Total carcass weight gain (110.9 vs. 114.7 kg) and daily carcass weight gain (0.924 vs. 0.956 kg) tended (P = 0.06) to increase by 3.46% in SCB-fed animals compared with those fed CON. Gain yield, carcass conversion, and carcass yield did not differ between treatments. There were no significant differences in the apparent digestibility of DM, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and ether extract between treatments. However, starch digestibility (92.7% vs. 88%) was greater for the control treatment (P &lt; 0.001). Including live Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii yeast as a probiotic supplement during the initial 42 d in the feedlot enhanced early-stage growth performance in Nellore bulls. Notably, this supplementation carried over carcass gain over the entire feedlot period.
High mitochondrial gene diversity of Pediculus humanus capitis among children in northern Iran
Authors: Mirzajanzadeh Fayaz , Karami Mohsen , Gorgani-Firouzjaee Tahmineh , Babapour Rahman , Jafarzadeh Jalal , Jalilnavaz-Novin Mohamad 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
The head louse, Pediculus humanus capitis, is an obligate ectoparasite and its infestation remains a major public health issue worldwide. Determining the genetic characteristics of the existing clades is essential to identify the population structure and to develop head lice-control programs. Hence, we aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of head lice among infested individuals in northern Iran.

Methods
Adult head lice were collected from 100 infested individuals referring to the health centers throughout five geographical regions in Mazandaran Province, Iran. Partial fragments of the mitochondrial cytb gene were amplified by PCR, then consequently sequenced.

Results
The results of the phylogenetic tree of collected head lice confirmed the existence of two clades, A and B, in the studied areas. Thirteen haplotypes were detected in the studied populations, of which 11 were novel haplotypes. Clade A was the dominant form and accounted for 75% of samples, while clade B included the rest. Haplotype and nucleotide diversity were 0.999 and 0.0411, respectively.

Conclusions
Clade A and B of Pediculus humanus capitis exist among the human populations of northern Iran. We observed high genotypic diversity of this head lice.
Transnational law as an enabler of digital trade
Authors: Christou Theodora A , Mose Tedd Moya , Taylor John L 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
History records that trade and trade finance, vital to economic advancement and prosperity, have benefited profoundly from technological evolution and accompanying supportive transnational law. Today, the blossoming of technology, most notably digitalization, has the potential to greatly facilitate both domestic and international trade and, just as importantly, to assist in fulfilling the environmental and social goals critical to meet the UN Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement. However, obstacles to digital trade arise from the existing legal and regulatory frameworks. Accordingly, legal reforms are overdue. Impetus is now needed to create a fully supportive transnational legal environment. There are several examples of where the technology exists, but the law frustrates its effective deployment. The laws of most jurisdictions require certain trade documents (like bills of lading, payment, and title instruments) to be recorded in a tangible form (paper). The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) estimates that digitalizing trade documents could reduce transaction costs by 80 per cent and eliminate billions of paper documents in the trade system. A limited number of jurisdictions have reformed their laws to address this gap and innovative private sector actors have taken the initiative to benefit from these reforms. An example includes the development of the Distributed Ledger Payment Commitment by BAFT that relies on narrow but effective changes in Delaware law governing promissory notes; others chose to be governed by Singapore law, which recently amended to align with the Model Law on Electronic Transferable Records (MLETR). Law can be an enabler of digital trade. To this end, work has begun, including by the ICC and the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law. But the reform needs to be accelerated. This article considers the benefits of digital trade, key legal obstacles, and how transnational law can enable innovation and digitalization not only of the vast volumes of paper but of the entire trade and trade finance processes.
Paroxetine alleviates dendritic cell and T lymphocyte activation via GRK2-mediated PI3K–AKT signaling in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Liu Tingting , Jin Chao , Sun Jing , Zhu Lina , Wang Chun , Xiao Feng , Liu Xiaochang , Lv Liying , Yang Xiaoke , Zhou Wenjing , Tan Chao , Wang Xianli , Wei Wei 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background:
G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) could participate in the regulation of diverse cells via interacting with non-G-protein-coupled receptors. In the present work, we explored how paroxetine, a GRK2 inhibitor, modulates the differentiation and activation of immune cells in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods:
The blood samples of healthy individuals and RA patients were collected between July 2021 and March 2022 from the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University. C57BL/6 mice were used to induce the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model. Flow cytometry analysis was used to characterize the differentiation and function of dendritic cells (DCs)/T cells. Co-immunoprecipitation was used to explore the specific molecular mechanism.

Results:
In patients with RA, high expression of GRK2 in peripheral blood lymphocytes, accompanied by the increases of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). In animal model, a decrease in regulatory T cells (Tregs), an increase in the cluster of differentiation 8 positive (CD8+) T cells, and maturation of DCs were observed. Paroxetine, when used in vitro and in CIA mice, restrained the maturation of DCs and the differentiation of CD8+ T cells, and induced the proportion of Tregs. Paroxetine inhibited the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, the expression of C-C motif chemokine receptor 7 in DCs and T cells. Simultaneously, paroxetine upregulated the expression of programmed death ligand 1, and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, paroxetine inhibited the PI3K–AKT–mTOR metabolic pathway in both DCs and T cells. This was associated with a reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential and changes in the utilization of glucose and lipids, particularly in DCs. Paroxetine reversed PI3K–AKT pathway activation induced by 740 Y-P (a PI3K agonist) through inhibiting the interaction between GRK2 and PI3K in DCs and T cells.

Conclusion:
Paroxetine exerts an immunosuppressive effect by targeting GRK2, which subsequently inhibits the metabolism-related PI3K–AKT–mTOR pathway of DCs and T cells in RA.
Child Age at Time of First Maternal Concern and Time to Services Among Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Van Dyke Julia , Rosenberg Steven A. , Crume Tessa , Reyes Nuri , Alexander Aimee Anido , Barger Brian , Fitzgerald Robert , Hightshoe Kristina , Moody Eric J. , Pazol Karen , Rosenberg Cordelia R. , Rubenstein Eric , Wiggins Lisa , DiGuiseppi Carolyn 
Published: June 2024

Abstract:

Objective:
Early treatment of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can improve developmental outcomes. Children with ASD from minority families often receive services later. We explored factors related to child's age at time of mother's first concerns about child's development and subsequent time to service initiation among children with ASD.

Methods:
Analysis included 759 preschool-age children classified with ASD based on comprehensive evaluations. Factors associated with retrospectively reported child age at time of first maternal concern and subsequent time to service initiation were investigated using multiple linear regression and Cox proportional hazards.

Results:
Earlier maternal concern was associated with multiparity, ≥1 child chronic condition, externalizing behaviors, and younger gestational age, but not race/ethnicity. Time to service initiation was longer for children of non-Latino Black or other than Black or White race and higher developmental level and shorter for children with ≥1 chronic condition and older child age at first maternal concern.

Conclusion:
Parity, gestational age, and child health and behavior were associated with child age at first maternal concern. Knowledge of child development in multiparous mothers may allow them to recognize potential concerns earlier, suggesting that first time parents may benefit from enhanced education about normal development. Race/ethnicity was not associated with child's age when mothers recognized potential developmental problems; hence, it is unlikely that awareness of ASD symptoms causes racial/ethnic disparities in initiation of services. Delays in time to service initiation among children from racial/ethnic minority groups highlight the need to improve their access to services as soon as developmental concerns are recognized.
Two transcriptionally and functionally distinct waves of neutrophils during mouse acute liver injury
Authors: Maali Yousef , Flores Molina Manuel , Khedr Omar , Abdelnabi Mohamed N. , Dion Jessica , Hassan Ghada S. , Shoukry Naglaa H. 
Published: June 2024

Background:Neutrophils are key mediators of inflammation during acute liver injury (ALI). Emerging evidence suggests that they also contribute to injury resolution and tissue repair. However, the different neutrophil subsets involved in these processes and their kinetics are undefined. Herein, we characterized neutrophil kinetics and heterogeneity during ALI.Methods:We used the carbon tetrachloride model of ALI and employed flow cytometry, tissue imaging, and quantitative RT-PCR to characterize intrahepatic neutrophils during the necroinflammatory early and late repair phases of the wound healing response to ALI. We FACS sorted intrahepatic neutrophils at key time points and examined their transcriptional profiles using RNA-sequencing. Finally, we evaluated neutrophil protein translation, mitochondrial function and metabolism, reactive oxygen species content, and neutrophil extracellular traps generation.Results:We detected 2 temporarily distinct waves of neutrophils during (1) necroinflammation (at 24 hours after injury) and (2) late repair (at 72 hours). Early neutrophils were proinflammatory, characterized by: (1) upregulation of inflammatory cytokines, (2) activation of the noncanonical NF-κB pathway, (3) reduction of protein translation, (4) decreased oxidative phosphorylation, and (5) higher propensity to generate reactive oxygen species and neutrophil extracellular traps. In contrast, late neutrophils were prorepair and enriched in genes and pathways associated with tissue repair and angiogenesis. Finally, early proinflammatory neutrophils were characterized by the expression of a short isoform of C-X-C chemokine receptor 5, while the late prorepair neutrophils were characterized by the expression of C-X-C chemokine receptor 4.Conclusions:This study underscores the phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of neutrophils and their dual role in inflammation and tissue repair during ALI.
Identification of hepatic steatosis among persons with and without HIV using natural language processing
Authors: Torgersen Jessie , Skanderson Melissa , Kidwai-Khan Farah , Carbonari Dena M. , Tate Janet P. , Park Lesley S. , Bhattacharya Debika , Lim Joseph K. , Taddei Tamar H. , Justice Amy C. , Lo Re Vincent 
Published: June 2024

Background:Steatotic liver disease (SLD) is a growing phenomenon, and our understanding of its determinants has been limited by our ability to identify it clinically. Natural language processing (NLP) can potentially identify hepatic steatosis systematically within large clinical repositories of imaging reports. We validated the performance of an NLP algorithm for the identification of SLD in clinical imaging reports and applied this tool to a large population of people with and without HIV.Methods:Patients were included in the analysis if they enrolled in the Veterans Aging Cohort Study between 2001 and 2017, had an imaging report inclusive of the liver, and had ≥2 years of observation before the imaging study. SLD was considered present when reports contained the terms “fatty,” “steatosis,” “steatotic,” or “steatohepatitis.” The performance of the SLD NLP algorithm was compared to a clinical review of 800 reports. We then applied the NLP algorithm to the first eligible imaging study and compared patient characteristics by SLD and HIV status.Results:NLP achieved 100% sensitivity and 88.5% positive predictive value for the identification of SLD. When applied to 26,706 eligible Veterans Aging Cohort Study patient imaging reports, SLD was identified in 72.2% and did not significantly differ by HIV status. SLD was associated with a higher prevalence of metabolic comorbidities, alcohol use disorder, and hepatitis B and C, but not HIV infection.Conclusions:While limited to those undergoing radiologic study, the NLP algorithm accurately identified SLD in people with and without HIV and offers a valuable tool to evaluate the determinants and consequences of hepatic steatosis.
HES V2.0 outperforms GALAD for detection of HCC: A phase 3 biomarker study in the United States
Authors: El-Serag Hashem B. , Jin Qingchun , Tayob Nabihah , Salem Emad , Luster Michelle , Alsarraj Abeer , Khaderi Saira , Singal Amit G. , Marrero Jorge A. , Asrani Sumeet K. , Kanwal Fasiha 
Published: June 2024

Background and Aims:
The original hepatocellular carcinoma early detection screening (HES) score, which combines alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) with age, alanine aminotransferase, and platelets, has better performance than AFP alone for early HCC detection. We have developed HES V2.0 by adding AFP-L3 and des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin to the score and compared its performance to GALAD and ASAP scores among patients with cirrhosis.

Approach and Results:
We conducted a prospective-specimen collection, retrospective-blinded-evaluation phase 3 biomarker cohort study in patients with cirrhosis enrolled in imaging and AFP surveillance. True-positive rate (TPR)/sensitivity and false-positive rate for any or early HCC were calculated for GALAD, ASAP, and HES V2.0 scores within 6, 12, and 24 months of HCC diagnosis. We calculated the AUROC curve and estimated TPR based on an optimal threshold at a fixed false-positive rate of 10%. We analyzed 2331 patients, of whom 125 developed HCC (71% in the early stages). For any HCC, HES V2.0 had higher TPR than GALAD overall (+7.2%), at 6 months (+3.6%), at 12 months (+7.2%), and 24 months (+13.0%) before HCC diagnosis. HES V2.0 had higher TPR than ASAP for all time points (+5.9% to +12.0%). For early HCC, HES V2.0 had higher sensitivity/TPR than GALAD overall (+6.7%), at 12 months (+6.3%), and 24 months (+14.6%) but not at 6 months (+0.0%) and higher than ASAP for all time points (+13.4% to +18.0%).

Conclusions:
In a prospective cohort study, HES V2.0 had a significantly higher performance for identifying new HCC, including early stage, than GALAD or ASAP.
Mortality in relation to diabetes remission in Swedish Obese Subjects – a prospective cohort study
Authors: Carlsson Lena M.S. , Carlsson Björn , Jacobson Peter , Karlsson Cecilia , Andersson-Assarsson Johanna C. , Kristensson Felipe M. , Ahlin Sofie , Svensson Per-Arne , Taube Magdalena , Näslund Ingmar , Karason Kristjan , Peltonen Markku , Sjöholm Kajsa 
Published: June 2024

Background:
People with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) have reduced life expectancy, partly explained by increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Here, we examined whether 2-year diabetes remission after bariatric surgery or usual care is associated with long-term mortality.

Materials and methods:
This report includes 586 participants with obesity and concomitant T2D from the prospective Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) cohort study; 338 underwent bariatric surgery and 248 received usual obesity care. At inclusion, age was 37–60 years and BMI ≥34 kg/m2 in men and ≥38 kg/m2 in women. Median follow-up was 26.2 years (interquartile range 22.7–28.7). Diabetes status was determined using self-reported data on diabetes medication and in-study measures of blood glucose and HbA1c. The study was cross-linked to Swedish national registers for data on morbidity, death, and emigration.

Results:
Overall, 284 participants, 71.9% of surgery and 16.5% of usual care patients were in remission at the 2-year examination. During follow-up, mortality rates were 16.6 deaths per 1000 person-years (95% CI: 13.7–20.1) in the remission subgroup and 26.0 deaths per 1000 person-years (95% CI:22.2–30.4) in the non-remission subgroup (adjusted hazard ratio (HRadj)=0.71, 95% CI:0.54–0.95, P=0.019). The adjusted median life expectancy in the remission subgroup was 2.5 years (95% CI:0.3–4.7) longer than in the non-remission subgroup. Specifically, remission was associated with decreased cardiovascular mortality (sub-HRadj=0.54, 95% CI: 0.35–0.85, P=0.008), but no detectable association with cancer mortality was found (sub-HRadj=1.06, 95% CI:0.60–1.86), P=0.841).

Conclusion:
In this post-hoc analysis of data from the SOS study, patients who achieved short-term diabetes remission had increased life expectancy and decreased cardiovascular death over up to 32 years of follow-up. Future studies should confirm these findings.