bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SAR versus Sinc: What is the appropriate RF exposure metric in the range 1–10 GHz? Part II: Using complex human body models
Authors: McIntosh Robert L. , Anderson Vitas 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis is the second of the two articles that present modeling data and reasoned arguments for specifying the appropriate crossover frequency at which incident power flux density (Sinc) replaces the peak 10 g averaged value of the specific energy absorption rate (SAR) as the designated basic restriction for protecting against radiofrequency electromagnetic heating effects in the 1–10 GHz range. In our first study, we compared the degree of correlation between these basic restrictions and the peak‐induced tissue temperature rise (ΔT) for a representative range of population/exposure scenarios using simple multi‐planar models exposed to plane wave conditions. In this complementary study, complex heterogeneous head models for an adult and 12‐year‐old child were analyzed at 1, 3, 6, 8, and 10 GHz for a variety of exposure conditions. The complex models indicate that peak ΔT is better correlated with peak 10 g SAR than Sinc at 1 and 3 GHz and with Sinc at 6–10 GHz, in contrast to the results from Part I. Considering the planar and complex body modeling results together, and given the equivocal indications of the two metrics in the 6–10 GHz range, we recommend that the breakpoint be set at 6 GHz. This choice is also based on other considerations such as ease of assessment. We also recommend that the limit level of Sinc should be adjusted to provide a better match with 10 g SAR in the induced tissue temperature rise. Bioelectromagnetics 31:467–478, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ultrasensitive chemiluminescent immunoassay of Salmonella with silver enhancement of nanogold labels
Authors: Wang Zhouping , Duan Nuo , Li Jingquan , Ye Jing , Ma Shufeng , Le Guowei 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn this paper, silver enhancement of nanogold labels coupled with chemiluminescence detection was developed for ultrasensitive immunoassay of Salmonella based upon antigen–antibody immunoreaction. Polyclonal rabbit anti‐Salmonella sp. antibodies (pAb) were employed to establish the analytical protocol. The pAb coated onto ELISA microwell plates and Au nanoparticles (Au NPs) conjugated pAb capture target Salmonella to form a sandwich‐type complex. Silver then was in situ deposited around the Au NPs core and resulted in the signal amplification. In consequence, silver was dissolved to form Ag+ and a sensitive chemiluminescence based on the Ag+–K2S2O8–Mn2+–luminol system was coupled for further signal amplification. Under the optimized conditions, the chemiluminescent intensity is proportional to target Salmonella over the range of 5–1038 cfu mL−1 with a detection limit of 5 cfu mL−1. The relative standard deviation for 11 measurements of about 50–100 cfu/mL target Salmonella is 4.7%. The proposed method was successfully applied to measure Salmonella in food samples and the results are identical to those of the offical standard method of China. These offer us a more powerful tool for ultrasensitive assay of foodborne pathogens. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Son, Ltd.
Practical application of bioluminescence enzyme immunoassay using enhancer for firefly luciferin–luciferase bioluminescence
Authors: Minekawa Takayuki , Ohkuma Hiroshi , Abe Katsushi , Maekawa Hiroaki , Arakawa Hidetoshi 
Published: March 2010

AbstractFirefly luciferin–luciferase bioluminescence is known for its high quantum yield (41.0 ± 7.4%). Given this high quantum yield, application of this bioluminescence is expected to be useful in the field of clinical diagnostics. The kinetic profile of this bioluminescence exhibits an instant rise (<1 s) and a rapid decay in light emission (decreased to 42% after 5 s). In this study, we applied four enhancers including coenzyme A, inosine5′‐triphosphate sodium salt, sodium tripolyphosphate and potassium pyrophosphate to prolong light emission. When these enhancers were used, luminescence was only decreased to 89, 83, 87 and 82% after 5 s, respectively. These materials modified the kinetic profile of bioluminescence so that the luminescence is more suitable for clinical application. It becomes more suitable because they enable highly sensitive integration and simplification of a device by separating luminescence measurements from dispensing of reagents. Using these enhancers, we then developed a bioluminescent enzyme immunoassay (BLEIA) for hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) that employed firefly luciferase as a labeling enzyme. We compared the results obtained from the HBsAg BLEIA method with the conventional chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay method, and found a satisfactory correlation (r = 0.984, n = 118). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two new synthetic peptides from the N‐domain of CEACAM1 (CD66a) stimulate neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells
Authors: Skubitz Keith M. , Skubitz Amy P. N. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractFour members of the carcinoembryonic antigen family, CEACAMs 1, 3, 6, and 8, are expressed on human neutrophils and can trigger an activation signal that increases neutrophil adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) monolayers. To identify active sites on CEACAM1, we previously performed molecular modeling using IgG and CD4 as models, and 28 peptides of 14 amino acids in length were synthesized that were predicted to be present at loops and turns between β‐sheets. Three peptides, each from the N‐terminal domain, increased neutrophil adhesion to HUVEC monolayers and upregulated cell‐surface CD11b/CD18 expression on neutrophils. In our earlier study, one N‐domain peptide (CD66a‐7) was not successfully synthesized, and another N‐domain peptide (CD66a‐6) was not soluble in the assay system. In the present study, we have now successfully synthesized CD66a‐7, and a new peptide (CD66a‐6L), that is a modification of the peptide that was insoluble in the earlier study. Both of these new peptides increased neutrophil adhesion to HUVEC monolayers. Importantly, the amino acid sequence of CD66a‐7 is identical to the homologous peptides from CEACAMs 3, 5, and 6, but differs from the homologous peptide of CEACAM8, which was not active in this system. CD66a‐6L is identical to the homologous peptide from CEACAM6. The data suggest that peptide motifs from at least five regions of the N‐terminal domain of CEACAM1 are involved in the interaction of CEACAM1 with other ligands and can initiate signal transduction in neutrophils. Some of these active peptides are identical to homologous regions of other CEACAMs. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 96: 25–31, 2011.
A significant role for high‐energy transitions in the ultraviolet circular dichroism spectra of polypeptides and proteins
Authors: Woody Robert W. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe nπ* and ππ* transitions of polypeptides mix significantly with very high energy transitions in the poly(Pro)II conformation, as evidenced by the strongly nonconservative CD spectrum in the 170–250 nm region. Because of this, the exciton model, the standard quantum mechanical model for predicting absorption and CD spectra of polypeptides, gives poor results for the poly(Pro) II (PII) conformation, although it works well for the α‐helix, β‐sheet, and β‐turns. The exciton theory has been extended to include the effects of mixing of discrete peptide transitions near 200 nm with the large number of uncharacterized transitions in the deep ultraviolet. These latter transitions dominate the polarizability, and their mixing with the discrete transitions can be described via bond and lone‐pair polarizability tensors, derivable by ab initio methods. This extended exciton method gives a good description of the CD spectrum of (Ala)n oligomers in the PII conformation. For this conformation, the polarizability contributions lead to a strong negative band near 200 nm that dominates the calculated and observed CD spectrum. The model does not give a good description of the CD of (Pro)n oligomers, probably because of conformational heterogeneity or nonadditive contributions of the Pro side chains. The model improves the calculated CD spectra of α‐helical (Ala)n oligomers. Although the high‐energy transitions make only a small net contribution to the CD of the α‐helix in the 200 nm region, they enhance the negative exciton band at ∼205 nm and largely cancel the negative exciton band near 175 nm, substantially improving agreement with experiment. Chirality, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
GenosorbN: Neues Absorptionsmittel für die CO2‐Entfernung aus Gasströmen
Authors: Ohle A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBei der CO2‐Absorption verursacht die Waschmittelregenerierung oft den größten Anteil am Energiebedarf. Das Verfahren kann durch den Einsatz des neuartigen Hybrid‐Waschmittels GenosorbN (Poly(methyldiglykol)amin) energetisch erheblich günstiger gestaltet werden und ist damit auch für die Minderung der CO2‐Emissionen in der Stromerzeugung interessant.
Selecting an optimal staging system for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Hsu Chia‐Yang , Hsia Cheng‐Yuan , Huang Yi‐Hsiang , Su Chien‐Wei , Lin Han‐Chieh , Lee Pui‐Ching , Loong Che‐Chuan , Chiang Jen‐Huey , Huo Teh‐Ia , Lee Shou‐Dong 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Selecting an appropriate staging system is crucial to predict the outcome of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The optimal prognostic model for HCC is under intense debate. This study investigated the prognostic ability of the 5 currently used staging systems, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC), Cancer of the Liver Italian Program (CLIP), Japan Integrated Scoring (JIS) system, tumor‐node‐metastasis (TNM), and Tokyo score, for HCC.METHODS:Between 2002 and 2008, 1713 prospectively enrolled HCC patients were compared for their long‐term survival by using the Akaike information criterion (AIC) according to the staging or scoring methods of these 5 models.RESULTS:The mean and median follow‐up duration was 18 and 14 months, respectively. Among all patients, the CLIP staging system had the lowest AIC value in comparison with other systems in the Cox proportional hazards model, followed by the Tokyo score, JIS score, BCLC staging system, and TNM staging system. Patients undergoing curative treatment had a significantly better survival in comparison with patients undergoing noncurative treatment (P < .001). When the predictive accuracy of the staging systems was analyzed according to treatment strategy, the CLIP staging system had the lowest AIC value and remained the best prognostic model in patients undergoing curative (801 patients) and noncurative (912 patients) treatment.CONCLUSIONS:The CLIP staging system is the best long‐term prognostic model for HCC in a cohort of patient with early to advanced stage of HCC. Its predictive accuracy is independent of the treatment strategy. Selecting an optimal staging system is helpful in improving the design of future clinical trials. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Genetic alterations in the RAS/RAF/mitogen‐activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/Akt signaling pathways in the follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Santarpia Libero , Myers Jeffrey N. , Sherman Steven I. , Trimarchi Francesco , Clayman Gary L. , El‐Naggar Adel K. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:The follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC) is the second most common histotype among papillary thyroid cancers (PTCs). Although the prognosis of FVPTC is similar to the conventional phenotype, differential diagnostic difficulties may not be uncommon with other follicular thyroid neoplasms, and little is known about their genetic alterations. Defining these alterations may lead to the identification of diagnostic and biologic markers.METHODS:In this study, the authors evaluated genetic alterations and downstream‐activated signals of the Ras/Raf–mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/v‐akt murine thymoma viral oncogene (Akt) (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathways in 30 FVPTC tissue specimens. Tumors and matched normal thyroid samples were tested for RAS, for the v‐raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene (BRAF) substitution of valine (V) for glutamate (E) at codon 600 (the V600E mutation), for phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), for catalytic PI3k p110 subunit alpha (PIK3CA), for AKT, and for the presence of rearranged during transfection (ret) proto‐oncogene/PTC (RET‐PTC) and paired box‐8 (PAX8)/peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) fusion protein (PAX8‐PPARγ) rearrangements by direct sequencing and reverse transcriptase‐polymerases chain reaction analyses, respectively. Western blot analysis was used to assess the effects of these gene abnormalities on the activation of the 2 pathways.RESULTS:Genetic alterations were identified in 70% of FVPTCs. Activation of the MAPK and PI3K pathways was observed in 74% and 22% of tumors, respectively. The alterations that were identified in the genes of the 2 pathways were mutually exclusive. Chromosomal RET‐PTC and PAX8‐PPARγ rearrangements were observed in 20% and 17% of tumors, respectively. It was noteworthy that some FVPTCs with RET‐PTC had the coactivation of both pathways.CONCLUSIONS:RET‐PTC and PAX8‐PPARγ rearrangements and mutations of the neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog N‐RAS at codon 61 were the most common genetic alterations in FVPTCs. Activation of the MAPK pathway was a frequent event in FVPTCs, and the PI3K signaling pathway could be coactivated in RET‐PTC tumors. These findings may have important therapeutic implication in patients with FVPTC. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Gemtuzumab ozogamicin as first‐line treatment in patients aged 70 years or older with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: McHayleh Wassim , Foon Kenneth , Redner Robert , Sehgal Rajesh , Raptis Anastasios , Agha Mounzer , Luong The Minh , Schlesselman James J. , Boyiadzis Michael 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are generally unable to withstand the rigors of intensive induction chemotherapy and its attendant complications. Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) is an immunoconjugate that had demonstrated activity in recurrent AML.METHODS:The objective of the current study was to determine the prognostic factors for achievement of complete remission (CR) in newly diagnosed elderly AML patients treated with GO as initial induction therapy. A retrospective study was performed of efficacy and toxicity associated with GO therapy, and factors potentially predictive of response were assessed in 49 previously untreated AML patients.RESULTS:CR was achieved in 14% of all treated patients. Among the patients with an intermediate‐risk karyotype, the CR rate was 30%, compared with none with an unfavorable karyotype. The median duration of overall survival was 3.7 months (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.4‐6.9 months), and the median recurrence‐free survival in patients who achieved CR was 11.8 months (95% CI, 5.0‐ind months).CONCLUSIONS:These data suggest that GO should be considered as a first‐line treatment option in older patients with AML with intermediate‐risk cytogenetics who cannot tolerate high‐dose induction chemotherapy. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Distinctive expression of the polycomb group proteins Bmi1 polycomb ring finger oncogene and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 in nonsmall cell lung cancers and their clinical and clinicopathologic significance
Authors: Kikuchi Junko , Kinoshita Ichiro , Shimizu Yasushi , Kikuchi Eiki , Konishi Jun , Oizumi Satoshi , Kaga Kichizo , Matsuno Yoshihiro , Nishimura Masaharu , Dosaka‐Akita Hirotoshi 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:The polycomb group genes Bmi1 polycomb ring finger oncogene (Bmi1) and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) function as transcriptional repressors involved in gene silencing and in the malignant transformation and biologic aggressiveness of several human carcinomas. In the current study, the authors evaluated Bmi1 and EZH2 protein expression in specimens of human nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC).METHODS:The authors conducted an immunohistochemical assessment of 157 surgically resected NSCLCs to evaluate the correlation between Bmi1 and EZH2 expression and various features, including clinical, clinicopathologic, and biologic characteristics.RESULTS:Normal bronchial epithelia revealed abundant expression of Bmi1 and sporadic expression of EZH2. Patients who had high EZH2 expression in tumor cells had a poorer prognosis than patients who had low EZH2 expression in tumor cells all pathologic stages of NSCLC (P = .001) and in pathologic stage I NSCLC (P = .006). Multivariate analysis revealed that high EZH2 expression was a independent, unfavorable prognostic factor in patients with pathologic stage I disease (P = .048). High EZH2 expression was correlated significantly with nonadenocarcinoma histology (P = .001), moderate and poor differentiation (P = .001), advanced pathologic tumor classification (P = .02), and high Ki‐67 and cyclin E labeling indices (P < .001). Bmi1 expression, in contrast, was not a significant prognostic factor and was not correlated with any clinicopathologic factors other than early pathologic tumor classification.CONCLUSIONS:Bmi1 and EZH2 had characteristic and distinctive expression in NSCLCs. High EZH2 expression was correlated with tumor aggressiveness and may provide a novel prognostic marker for NSCLCs. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
An EM‐like reconstruction method for diffuse optical tomography
Authors: Wang Caifang 
Published: March 2010

AbstractDiffuse optical tomography (DOT) is an optical imaging modality which provides the spatial distributions of optical parameters inside an object. The forward model of DOT is described by the diffusion approximation of radiative transfer equation, while the DOT is to reconstruct the optical parameters from boundary measurements. In this paper, an EM‐like iterative reconstruction method specifically for the steady state DOT problem is developed. Previous iterative reconstruction methods are mostly based on the assumption that the measurement noise is Gaussian, and are of least‐squares type. In this paper, with the assumption that the boundary measurements have independent and identical Poisson distributions, the inverse problem of DOT is solved by maximizing a log‐likelihood functional with inequality constraints, and then an EM‐like reconstruction algorithm is developed according to the Kuhn–Tucker condition. The proposed algorithm is a variant of the well‐known EM algorithm. The performance of the proposed algorithm is tested with three‐dimensional numerical simulation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identifying critical financial networks of the DJIA: Toward a network‐based index
Authors: Emmert‐Streib Frank , Dehmer Matthias 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this article is twofold. First, we introduce a novel definition of financial networks obtained from time series data from the stock market. Second, we demonstrate that these networks can be used as an index with the property to reflect critical states of the market, respectively, crashes sufficiently. Our work aims to advocate a network‐based analysis in the context of the stock market, because such a collective phenomenon can not only be economically described by networks but also analyzed as demonstrated in this article. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 16: 24–33, 2010
Optimal redundancy allocation for high availability routers
Authors: Tsai Chia‐Tai , Jan Rong‐Hong , Wang Kuochen 
Published: March 2010

AbstractHow to optimally allocate redundant routers for high availability (HA) networks is a crucial task. In this paper, a5‐tuple availability function A(N, M, λ, µ, δ) is proposed to determine the minimum required number of standby routers to meet the desired availability (ρ) of an HA router, whereNandMare the numbers of active routers and standby routers, respectively, and λ, µ, and δ are a single router's failure rate, repair rate, and failure detection and recovery rate, respectively. We have derived the availability function, and analytical results show that the failure detection and recovery rate (δ) is a key parameter for reducing the minimum required number of standby routers of an HA router. Thus, we also propose a High Availability Management (HAM) middleware, which was designed based on an open architecture specification, called OpenAIS, to achieve the goal of reducing takeover delay (1/δ) bystateful backup. We have implemented an HA Open Shortest Path First (HA‐OSPF) router, which consists of two active routers and one standby router, to illustrate the proposed HA router. Experimental results show that the takeover delays of the proposed HA‐OSPF router were reduced by 6, 37.3, and 98.6% compared with those of the industry standard approaches, the Cisco‐ASR 1000 series router, the Juniper MX series router, and the Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) router, respectively. In addition, in contract to the industry routers, the proposed HA router, which was designed based on an open architecture specification, is more cost‐effective, and its redundancy model can be more flexibly adjusted. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The value of p16 in ASCUS cases: A retrospective study using frozen cytologic material
Authors: Alameda Francesc , Pijuan Lara , Lloveras Belen , Bellosillo Beatriz , Larrazabal Fernando , Mancebo Gemma , Muñoz Raquel , Carreras Ramon , Serrano Sergi 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis study scans the efficacy of p16 immunostain on gynecological cytologies for the detection of high‐grade lesions in ASCUS cases. This is a retrospective study that evaluates p16 immunostaining using frozen material from 109 cases diagnosed as ASCUS and followed for an average of 16 months. The diagnosis of ASCUS was made using liquid‐based cytology (Thin Prep, Hologic, Marlborough, MA). High‐risk HPV using Hybrid Capture II was performed. The immunohistochemical evaluation of p16 immunoreactivity was done following Wentzensen criteria. In the series p16 immunoreactivity showed a sensitivity and negative predictive value for HSIL, of 82.3 and 94.5% with specificity and positive predictive value of 100%. The sensitivity was similar to that found using the HC‐II, though the specificity was much higher. The use of p16 immunostain in cytologic specimens applying the Wentzensen criteria helps to focus the attention in positive cells evaluating the cell changes, helps to detect some cells suspicious or diagnostic of HSIL, and could help to reclassify the ASCUS cases. Diagn.Cytopathol. 2011;39:110–114. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diabetic cataracts: mechanisms and management
Authors: Obrosova Irina G. , Chung Stephen S. M. , Kador Peter F. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractDiabetes mellitus is associated with a 5‐fold higher prevalence of cataracts, which remains a major cause of blindness in the world. Typical diabetic cataracts contain cortical and/or posterior subcapsular opacities. Adult onset diabetic cataracts also often contain nuclear opacities. Mechanisms of diabetic cataractogenesis have been studied in less detail than those of other diabetic complications. Both animal and human studies support important contribution of increased aldose reductase activity. Surgical extraction is the only cure of diabetic cataract today. An improved understanding of pathogenetic mechanisms, together with finding effective therapeutic agents, remain highest priority for diabetic cataract‐related research and pharmaceutical development. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.