bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of turbulent flow chromatography to the metabonomic analysis of human plasma: Comparison with protein precipitation
Authors: Michopoulos Filippos , Edge Antony M. , Theodoridis Georgios , Wilson Ian D. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe use of turbulent flow chromatography (TFC) as a method for the rapid metabonomic LC‐MS analysis of plasma as an alternative to solvent‐based protein precipitation has been investigated. This comparison has shown that TFC can be effectively used in this application with the benefit that off‐line sample handling is significantly reduced. However, analysis of the data obtained via TFC for human plasma reveals substantial differences in the overall metabolite profiles compared with methanol‐precipitated HPLC‐MS. This seems in part at least to be related to greatly reduced amounts of phospholipids (ca. 10 fold reduction) for the turbulent flow methodology compared with protein‐precipitated samples. The significance of these differences with respect to metabolite profiles as a result of the sample preparation method used are discussed.
Urinary metabonomic study of lung cancer by a fully automatic hyphenated hydrophilic interaction/RPLC‐MS system
Authors: Yang Qin , Shi Xianzhe , Wang Yuan , Wang Wenzhao , He Hongbin , Lu Xin , Xu Guowang 
Published: March 2010

AbstractLung cancer is one of the most common and lethal cancers in the world. In this study, a home‐devised hydrophilic interaction chromatography/RPLC‐MS (HILIC/RPLC‐MS) system was developed to study the urinary metabonomics of lung cancer patients. This system combined the orthogonal selectivity of HILIC and RPLC and could chromatographically reveal more comprehensive information of the urinary metabolites. Within a total analysis time of 50 min, we detected 577 polar metabolite ions on the first HILIC column and 261 apolar ones on the second RPLC column. In addition, an orthogonal signal correction partial least‐squares discriminant analysis model was constructed to characterize differences between health and lung cancer cases. Eleven potential biomarkers, ten from HILIC column and one from the second RP column, were identified and all of these biomarkers were found upregulated in lung cancer patients. Overall, the results indicated that the developed HILIC/RPLC‐MS system is a promising tool for metabonomic studies in revealing more information of highly complex samples.
Comparison of various second‐dimension gradient types in comprehensive two‐dimensional liquid chromatography
Authors: Jandera Pavel , Hájek Tomáš , Česla Petr 
Published: March 2010

AbstractGradient elution provides significant improvement in peak capacity with respect to isocratic conditions. In the second dimension, gradients are limited to a short‐time period available for separation. Various types of second‐dimension gradients in comprehensive LC×LC are compared: (i) “full in fraction”, (ii) “segment in fraction” and (iii) “continuously shifting” gradients, applied in orthogonal LC×LC separations of phenolic acids and flavones on a polyethylene glycol column in the first dimension and two types of porous shell fused‐core C18 columns in the second dimension (Ascentis Express and Kinetex). The porous shell columns provide narrow bandwidths and fast second‐dimension separations at moderate operating pressure that allows important savings of the overall separation time in comprehensive LC×LC separations. The effects of the gradient type on the bandwidths, theoretical peak capacity, separation time and column pressure in the second dimension were investigated. The type of gradient program controls the range of lipophilicity of sample compounds that can be separated in the second‐dimension reversed‐phase time period. This range can be calibrated using alkylbenzene standards, to design the separation conditions for complete sample separation, avoiding harmful wrap around of non‐eluted compounds to the subsequent second‐dimension fractions.
Synthesis and isolation of added‐value milk fat derivatives using lipase‐catalyzed reactions and supercritical carbon dioxide
Authors: Lubary Marta , Hofland Gerard W. , ter Horst Joop H. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractLipase‐catalyzed reactions and supercritical technology are powerful tools that can be effectively combined for the modification and processing of fats. In addition, both are “green” technologies, which can produce high‐quality, food‐grade products without the need of additional solvents. We show two examples in which milk fat was used as raw material for the production of added‐value derivatives: short‐chain fatty acid ethyl esters, which are natural flavor agents; and a diacylglycerol‐based, potentially superior dietary fat. In both cases we applied a combination of lipases and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction for the synthesis and separation of products.
Restoration of motor inhibition through an abnormal premotor‐motor connection in dystonia
Authors: Huang Ying‐Zu , Rothwell John C. , Lu Chin‐Song , Wang JiunJie , Chen Rou‐Shayn 
Published: March 2010

AbstractTo clarify the rationale for using rTMS of dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) to treat dystonia, we examined how the motor system reacts to an inhibitory form of rTMS applied to the PMd in healthy subjects and in a group of patients with focal hand dystonia and DYT1 gene carriers. Continuous theta burst transcranial magnetic stimulation (cTBS) with 300 and 600 pulses (cTBS300 and cTBS600) was applied to PMd, and its after‐effects were quantified by measuring the amplitude of MEPs evoked by single pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the primary motor cortex (M1), short interval intracortical inhibition/facilitation (SICI/ICF) within M1, the third phase of spinal reciprocal inhibition (RI), and writing tests. In addition, in DYT1 gene carriers, the effects of cTBS300 over M1 and PMd on MEPs were studied in separate experiments. In healthy subjects, cTBS300 and cTBS600 over PMd suppressed MEPs for 30 min or more and cTBS600 decreased SICI and RI. In contrast, neither form of cTBS over PMd had any significant effect on MEPs, while cTBS600 increased effectiveness of SICI and RI and improved writing in patients with writer's cramp. NMDYT1 had a normal response to cTBS300 over left PMd. We suggest that the reduced PMd to M1 interaction in dystonic patients is likely to be due to reduced excitability of PMd‐M1 connections. The possible therapeutic effects of premotor rTMS may therefore involve indirect effects of PMd on SICI and RI, which this study has shown can be normalised by cTBS. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
LINGO1 polymorphisms are associated with essential tremor in Europeans
Authors: Thier Sandra , Lorenz Delia , Nothnagel Michael , Stevanin Giovanni , Dürr Alexandra , Nebel Almut , Schreiber Stefan , Kuhlenbäumer Gregor , Deuschl Günther , Klebe Stephan 
Published: March 2010

AbstractEssential tremor (ET) is one of the most common movement disorders. Former association studies focussing on candidate genes in ET found a number of risk variants but most of them were not replicated. Recently, a genome‐wide association study revealed two intronic sequence variants in the LINGO1 gene associated with ET. Here, we have confirmed association between sequence variants in the LINGO1 gene and the ET phenotype in independent German and French ET samples. The odds ratios for the identified intronic markers rs8030859 (P = 1.0×10−4), rs9652490 (P = 9.1×10−4), and rs11856808 (P = 3.6×10−2) were 1.72 (CI 1.31‐2.26), 1.61 (CI 1.21‐2.14), and 1.30 (CI 1.02‐1.66), respectively, in our German sample. LINGO1 is an interesting candidate gene because it plays a key role in central nervous system biology, is selectively expressed in the nervous system, and is an inhibitor of oligodendrocyte differentiation and neuronal myelination. Our study gives further evidence that LINGO1 acts as a susceptibility gene for ET. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
ATP13A2 mutations (PARK9) cause neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation
Authors: Schneider Susanne A. , Paisan‐Ruiz Coro , Quinn Niall P. , Lees Andrew J. , Houlden Henry , Hardy John , Bhatia Kailash P. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractKufor Rakeb disease (KRD, PARK9) is an autosomal recessive extrapyramidal‐pyramidal syndrome with generalized brain atrophy due to ATP13A2 gene mutations. We report clinical details and investigational results focusing on radiological findings of a genetically‐proven KRD case. Clinically, there was early onset levodopa‐responsive dystonia‐parkinsonism with pyramidal signs and eye movement abnormalities. Brain MRI revealed generalized atrophy and putaminal and caudate iron accumulation bilaterally. Our findings add KRD to the group of syndromes of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA). KRD should be considered in patients with dystonia‐parkinsonism with iron on brain imaging and we suggest classifying as NBIA type 3. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
A new rating instrument to assess festination and freezing gait in Parkinsonian patients
Authors: Ziegler Kerstin , Schroeteler Frauke , Ceballos‐Baumann Andres O. , Fietzek Urban M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractFestination and freezing of gait (FOG) are sudden episodic inabilities to initiate or sustain locomotion mostly experienced during the later stages of Parkinson's disease (PD) or other higher‐level gait disorders. The aim of this study was to develop a clinical rating instrument for short‐interval rating of festination and FOG. Foot movements of 33 patients were video taped and rated during 12 episodes in a standardized course on a four‐level interval scale according to severity. Motor blocks were provoked in four situations and by three levels of dual‐tasking (tasks). Addition of the item scores produced a FOG score. The assessment requires less than 15 min. The inter‐rater and re‐test reliability of the FOG score is high (Kendall κ = 0.85–0.92, P < 0.0001). Variability of the item scale due to situations and tasks can be attributed to unidimensional group factors (Cronbach's α 0.84 and 0.94). Group comparisons and a logistic regression model show significant effects for both situations and tasks on the item scale (Friedman test: “situation”: P < 0.0001, “task”: P < 0.0001). Six patients with PD have significantly different scores during mobile (practical ON; 6.2 ± 3.9) and immobile (practical OFF; 15.8 ± 4.6) medication states (P < 0.05). The FOG score correlates with the 10 m number of steps (ρ = 0.58; P = 0.001) and with the self‐evaluation of FOG (ρ = 0.51; P < 0.01). Our results encourage the further use of the FOG score to evaluate festination and FOG. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Tremulous arytenoid movements predict severity of glottic stenosis in multiple system atrophy
Authors: Ozawa Tetsutaro , Shinoda Hideo , Tomita Masahiko , Shimohata Takayoshi , Nakayama Hideaki , Nishizawa Masatoyo 
Published: March 2010

AbstractTo determine whether tremulous arytenoid movements predict the severity of glottic stenosis in patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA), 28 MSA patients and 14 age‐matched controls underwent fiberoptic laryngoscopy with video monitoring during wakefulness and under anesthesia induced by intravenous injection of propofol. Presence or absence of tremulous arytenoid movements was recorded during wakefulness. The ratio of glottic stenosis (%), which represents the extent of airway narrowing under anesthesia, was obtained by measuring the inspiratory glottic angle during wakefulness and under anesthesia. The median ratio of glottic stenosis was significantly higher in patients with MSA (57.5%) than in control subjects (0.5%). Tremulous arytenoid movements were characterized by shaking movements of the arytenoid region including the vocal folds, which are most apparent in the arytenoid cartilage. In this study, tremulous arytenoid movements were observed in 18 (64.2%) of 28 patients with MSA, who displayed a significantly higher median ratio of glottic stenosis (71.2%) than other patients (34.9%). None of the control subjects exhibited tremulous arytenoid movements. A clear correlation existed between the ratio of glottic stenosis and disease duration. Our observations indicate that tremulous arytenoid movements are a marker of the severity of glottic stenosis, which confers an increased risk of upper airway obstruction in patients with MSA. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Development of a portocaval shunt using a small intestinal segment in rats
Authors: Hata Toshiyuki , Iwasaki Junji , Hishikawa Shuji , Fujimoto Yasuhiro , Uemoto Shinji , Kobayashi Eiji 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe transjugular portosystemic shunt, widely used to treat portal hypertension today, may increase the risk of encephalopathy and reduce effective hepatic flow. To address these issues, a strategy to produce a portocaval shunt (PCS) with hepatic function using intestinal grafts was conceived, and rat models were developed. We transplanted ileal grafts from wild‐type and luciferase transgenic Lewis rats to wild‐type Lewis rats, anastomosing the graft mesenteric artery (SMA) and portal vein (PV) to the recipient PV trunk and inferior vena cava, respectively. Recipient survival was significantly longer in the partial PCS model, in which the graft SMA was anastomosed to the recipient PV trunk in an end‐to‐side fashion, than in the total PCS model, with the end‐to‐end anastomosis. In the partial PCS model, histological and luminescence analyses showed graft survival for 1 month. These results suggest that intestinal grafts can be maintained in the particular conditions required for our strategy. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2010.
Improvement of the skin flap survival with the bone marrow‐derived mononuclear cells transplantation in a rat model
Authors: Yang Mei , Sheng Lingling , Li Hua , Weng Rui , Li Qing‐Feng 
Published: March 2010

AbstractPartial necrosis of skin flaps remains a significant problem in plastic and reconstructive surgery. In this study we attempted to evaluate the effect of bone marrow‐derived mononuclear cells (BM‐MNCs) transplantation on improvement of skin flap survival in a rat random pattern skin flap model. Thirty Wistar rats were divided into three groups with each consisting of 10 rats. BM‐MNCs and the adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) were transplanted into the subcutaneous tissue in the area where the flap would be dissected. The flaps were then raised two days after cells transplantation. The animals receiving the preoperative Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) treatment were used as the controls. On the 7th postoperative day, the survival areas of flaps were measured and tissues were collected for examinations. The results showed that the mean survival areas were 46.33 ± 13.46% in the ADSCs group and 50.06 ± 13.82% in the BM‐MNCs group as the percentages of the total skin flaps, which were significantly higher than that in the control group (26.33 ± 7.14%) (P < 0.05). Histological analysis showed increased neovascularization in the flap treated with BM‐MNCs when compared with ADSCs transplantation. Survival BM‐MNCs and ADSCs were detected in the flap tissues. Higher levels of the basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF) were found in the BM‐MNCs transplantation group (P < 0.05). The findings from this study demonstrated that preoperative treatment with BM‐MNCs transplantation could promote neovascularization and improve flap survival. These effects of BM‐MNCs on flap survival were comparable with ADSCs transplantation, but without necessity of in vitro cells expansion. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2010
High‐resolution NMR correlation experiments in a single measurement (HR‐PANACEA)
Authors: Kupče Ēriks , Freeman Ray 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThree important NMR pulse sequences, INADEQUATE, HSQC and three‐dimensional HMBC have been combined into a single entity called high‐resolution Parallel Acquisition NMR: an All‐in‐one Combination of Experimental Applications (HR‐PANACEA) to provide reliable structural information about a small molecule in a single measurement. This exploits a recent instrumental development that permits simultaneous acquisition of signals from several nuclear species, using multiple receivers. Where high‐precision values of the long‐range heteronuclear splittings are important, selected regions of a large experimental data matrix are extracted and examined with the highest possible resolution. The J‐doubling technique is then applied to derive precise values for these couplings. As proof of principle, the method is applied to the molecule of methyl salicylate, confirming the expected conformation of the COH moiety. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Type 2 Diabetes and Cancer: What Is the Connection?
Authors: Cannata Dara , Fierz Yvonne , Vijayakumar Archana , LeRoith Derek 
Published: March 2010

AbstractEpidemiological studies have demonstrated an association between type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. Hyperinsulinemia may lead to cancer through insulin's effect on its cognate receptor and the insulin‐like growth factor system. The effects of insulin and insulin‐like growth factor I on cancer development and progression have been demonstrated in animal and human studies. Type 2 diabetes has been positively associated with cancers of the breast, colon, and pancreas. An inverse relationship has been observed between type 2 diabetes and prostate cancer, and this may be due to lower testosterone levels in men with type 2 diabetes. Medications used to treat type 2 diabetes may affect cancer cells directly or indirectly by affecting serum insulin levels. Hyperinsulinemia may be an important risk factor for cancer as well as a target for cancer therapy. Mt Sinai J Med 77:197–213, 2010. © 2010 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
You Are Born with Your Genes: Justice and Protection against Discrimination in the Use of Genetic Information
Authors: Francis Leslie P. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractGenetic information poses an apparent paradox for justice in health care. On the one hand, genetic information seems to be exactly the kind of information that it is unjust to take into account in the distribution of important goods. On the other hand, genetic information may increasingly become useful in individual patient care as evidence for personalized medicine increases. Although it is important to emphasize the difference between genetic information and the social construct of race, nonetheless, the historical interplay between discrimination based on assumptions about heritability and discrimination based on race are significant. Thus, this article defends the importance of paying very close attention to protections in the use of genetic information. Three current examples of inadequate protection are cited. First, informed consent to genetic testing should incorporate potential confidentiality risks raised by this information. Second, the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act is too porous to protect employees from their employers' possession of genetic information; if such information is used in discriminatory ways, burdens of seeking protection then fall on the employees. More stringent strategies for protecting information are thus desirable. Finally, current designs of interoperable health records fail to allow for the sequestration of genetic information. Efforts to develop such sequestration techniques should be encouraged; among other benefits, they would be helpful in shielding genetic information from employers. Mt Sinai J Med 77:188–196, 2010. © 2010 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Genetics and Asthma Disease Susceptibility in the US Latino Population
Authors: Reibman Joan , Liu Mengling 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe US Latino population is heterogeneous with diversity in environmental exposures and socioeconomic status. Moreover, the US Hispanic population derives from numerous countries previously under Spanish rule, and many Hispanics have complex proportions of European, Native American, and African ancestry. Disparities in asthma severity and control are due to complex interactions between environmental exposures, socioeconomic factors, and genetic variations. In addition, diseases within the Latino community may also differ by country of origin. Although US Census data show low asthma rates in the Hispanic population as a whole, there is a lot of variability in the prevalence and morbidity of asthma, with a prevalence of 5.0% in Mexican Americans versus 17.0% in Puerto Ricans. The diversity and population admixture make the study of the genetics of asthma complex in Latino populations. However, an understanding of the genetics of asthma in all populations, including the Latino population, can enhance risk identification, help us to target pharmacological therapy, and guide environmental regulations, all of which can promote a reduction in health disparities. The inclusion of markers of ancestral diversity and the incorporation of techniques to adjust for stratification now make these studies feasible in complex populations, including the Latino population. To date, studies using linkage analyses, genome‐wide associations, or candidate gene analyses have identified an association of asthma or asthma‐related phenotypes with candidate genes, including interleukin 13, β‐2 adrenergic receptor, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 33, orosomucoid 1‐like 3, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin. As reviewed here, although these genes have been identified in diverse populations, limited studies have been performed in Latino populations, and they have had variable replication. There is a need for the development of registries with well‐phenotyped pediatric and adult Latino populations and subgroups for inclusion in the rapidly expanding field of genetic studies, and these studies need to be used to reduce health disparities. Mt Sinai J Med 77:140–148, 2010. © 2010 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Access to Health and Health Care: How Race and Ethnicity Matter
Authors: Richardson Lynne D. , Norris Marlaina 
Published: March 2010

AbstractRacial and ethnic disparities in health are multifactorial; they reflect differences in biological vulnerability to disease as well as differences in social resources, environmental factors, and health care interventions. Understanding and intervening in health inequity require an understanding of the disparate access to all of the personal resources and environmental conditions that are needed to generate and sustain health, a set of circumstances that constitute access to health. These include access to health information, participation in health promotion and disease prevention activities, safe housing, nutritious foods, convenient exercise spaces, freedom from ambient violence, adequate social support, communities with social capital, and access to quality health care. Access to health care is facilitated by health insurance, a regular source of care, and a usual primary care provider. Various mechanisms through which access to health and access to health care are mediated by race and ethnicity are discussed; these include the built environment, social environment, residential segregation, stress, racism, and discrimination. Empirical evidence supporting the association between these factors and health inequities is also reviewed. Mt Sinai J Med 77:166–177, 2010. © 2010 Mount Sinai School of Medicine