bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of apolipoprotein ɛ4–cerebrospinal fluid beta‐amyloid interaction on hippocampal volume loss over 1 year in mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Chiang Gloria C. , Insel Philip S. , Tosun Duygu , Schuff Norbert , Truran‐Sacrey Diana , Raptentsetsang Sky T. , Thompson Paul M. , Reiman Eric M. , Jack Clifford R. , Fox Nick C. , Jagust William J. , Harvey Danielle J. , Beckett Laurel A. , Gamst Anthony , Aisen Paul S. , Petersen Ron C. , Weiner Michael W. 
Published: September 2011

BackgroundThe majority of studies relating amyloid pathology with brain volumes have been cross‐sectional. Apolipoprotein ɛ4 (APOE ɛ4), a genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, is also known to be associated with hippocampal volume loss. No studies have considered the effects of amyloid pathology and APOE ɛ4 together on longitudinal volume loss.MethodsWe evaluated whether an abnormal level of cerebrospinal fluid beta‐amyloid (CSF Aβ) and APOE ɛ4 carrier status were independently associated with greater hippocampal volume loss over 1 year. We then assessed whether APOE ɛ4 status and CSF Aβ acted synergistically, testing the significance of an interaction term in the regression analysis. We included 297 participants: 77 cognitively normal, 144 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 76 with Alzheimer's disease.ResultsAn abnormal CSF Aβ level was found to be associated with greater hippocampal volume loss over 1 year in each group. APOE ɛ4 was associated with hippocampal volume loss only in the cognitively normal and MCI groups. APOE ɛ4 carriers with abnormal CSF Aβ in the MCI group acted synergistically to produce disproportionately greater volume loss than noncarriers.ConclusionBaseline CSF Aβ predicts progression of hippocampal volume loss. APOE ɛ4 carrier status amplifies the degree of neurodegeneration in MCI. Understanding the effect of interactions between genetic risk and amyloid pathology will be important in clinical trials and our understanding of the disease process.
New information about the stratigraphic position and age of the sauropodAragosaurus ischiaticusfrom the Early Cretaceous of the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: CANUDO J. I. , GASCA J. M. , MORENO-AZANZA M. , AURELL M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe sauropodAragosaurus ischiaticusSanz, Buscalioni, Casanovas & Santafé, 1987 was the first dinosaur to be described in Spain. The holotype was recovered from the site of Las Zabacheras (Galve, Teruel province). This site has traditionally been situated in the El Castellar Formation (in the lower part of the Wealden facies). Recently, it has been proposed that the remains ofAragosaurusstem from the Villar del Arzobispo Formation (late Tithonian–upper part of the early Berriasian), which would mean that the sauropod was almost 15 million years older than previously thought. Detailed field work has been carried out, making it possible to pinpoint the position of the low-angle unconformity between the Villar del Arzobispo Formation and the El Castellar Formation. This unconformity originated as a result of block tilting that occurred during the early stages of the Early Cretaceous rifting episode. The upper levels of the Jurassic sequence (i.e. the Villar del Arzobispo Formation) were exposed to erosion and karstification, leading to the formation of a discontinuous conglomeratic level. This level has been locally preserved at the bottom of the Wealden syn-rift sequence (i.e. the El Castellar Formation). The results of our detailed mapping demonstrate that theAragosaurusholotype was found in the lower part of the El Castellar Formation. Moreover, our revision of the existing datings suggests that the El Castellar Formation as a whole is Valanginian?–early Barremian in age. Given thatAragosauruswas located in its lower part, it is probably Valanginian?–Hauterivian in age.
Detecting new and emerging diseases on livestock farms using an early
detection system
Authors: KOSMIDER R. D. , KELLY L. , SIMONS R. L. , BROUWER A. , DAVID G. 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYThe monitoring and surveillance of animal diseases is becoming increasingly
important to policy-makers in Great Britain particularly given recent incursions
of avian influenza and the emergence of bovine spongiform encephalopathy. To
meet this surveillance objective, data from British livestock is collected and
analysed retrospectively on an ongoing basis. However, these data can also be
analysed prospectively within an early detection system which raises alerts to
significant increases in disease reporting soon after they occur in the field.
The feasibility of such an approach has been examined previously for
Salmonella. This paper applied the approach to a further
subset of surveillance data to alert those monitoring disease to increases in
potentially new and emerging diseases. Thus far, the analysis, conducted on a
quarterly basis, has proved a useful additional tool in enhanced surveillance by
raising alerts to significant increases in several syndromes in both sheep and
cattle.
Using Activity Theory to understand the contradictions in an online transatlantic collaboration between student-teachers of English as a Foreign Language
Authors: Antoniadou Victoria 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis article describes the contradictions reported by student-teachers in Barcelona who engaged in telecollaboration with transatlantic peers via Second Life, during their initial training in Teaching English as a Foreign Language. The data analysis draws upon Grounded Theory and is theoretically informed by Activity Theory and the notion of contradictions. The study discusses technology-based, intra- and inter-institutional contradictions, their impact on the development of the telecollaborative activity, and outcomes in bolstering student-teachers’ conceptual understanding of Network-Based Language Instruction.
Self-care management and risk factors for depressive symptoms among elderly outpatients in Taiwan
Authors: Tsai Yun-Fang , Liu Li-Ling , Tsai Hsiu-Hsin , Chung Shih-Chi 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTBackground:Early detection and appropriate treatment interventions for depressive symptoms in the elderly are important issues for healthcare systems. However, few studies to date have focused on understanding self-care strategies to manage depressive symptoms among elderly people worldwide. The purpose of this study was to explore self-care management strategies and risk factors for depressive symptoms among elderly outpatients in Taiwan.Methods:A convenience sample of elderly persons (≥65 years old; N = 1054) was recruited from outpatient clinics of two hospitals in northern Taiwan.Results:In our sample, the prevalence of depressive tendency was 16.3%. The majority of participants (70.1%) managed depressive symptoms with self-care strategies. The strategy most often used to relieve depressive symptoms was “take a walk.” The main information source for self-care strategies was self-learning. Depressive tendency in this sample was shown by logistic regression analysis to be significantly predicted by gender, marital status, perceived income adequacy, perceived health condition, stroke, and cancer.Conclusion:Elderly people need to be made more aware of strategies to self-manage depressive symptoms. Healthcare providers can decrease/prevent the first risk factor for depressive symptoms (poor perceived health status) by improving elders’ perceived health and promoting their actual health. The second risk factor (poor perceived income adequacy) can be decreased/prevented by carefully assessing patients’ financial situation during clinic visits and providing suitable referral for further assistance.
Assessment of Hospital Disaster Preparedness for the 2010 FIFA World Cup Using an Internet-Based, Long-Distance Tabletop Drill
Authors: Valesky Water , Silverberg Mark , Gillett Brian , Roblin Patricia , Adelaine John , Wallis Lee A. , Smith Wayne , Arquilla Bonnie 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIntroduction: The State University of New York at Downstate (SUNY) conducted a web-based long-distance tabletop drill (LDTT) designed to identify vulnerabilities in safety, security, communications, supplies, incident management, and surge capacity for a number of hospitals preceding the 2010 FIFA World Cup. The tabletop drill simulated a stampede and crush-type disaster at the Green Point Stadium in Cape Town, South Africa in anticipation of 2010 FIFA World Cup. The LDTT, entitled “Western Cape-Abilities”, was conducted between May and September 2009, and encompassed nine hospitals in the Western Cape of South Africa. The main purpose of this drill was to identify strengths and weaknesses in disaster preparedness among nine state and private hospitals in Cape Town, South Africa. These hospitals were tasked to respond to the ill and injured during the 2010 World Cup.Methods: This LDTT utilized e-mail to conduct a 10-week, scenario-based drill. Questions focused on areas of disaster preparedness previously identified as standards from the literature. After each scenario stimulus was sent, each hospital had three days to collect answers and submit responses to drill controllers via e-mail.Results: Data collected from the nine participating hospitals met 72% (95%CI = 69%–75%) of the overall criteria examined. The highest scores were attained in areas such as equipment, with 78% (95%CI = 66%–86%) positive responses, and development of a major incident plan with 85% (95% CI = 77%–91%) of criteria met. The lowest scores appeared in the areas of public relations/risk communications; 64% positive responses (95% CI = 56%–72%), and safety, supplies, fire and security meeting also meeting 64% of the assessed criteria (95% CI = 57%–70%). Surge capacity and surge capacity revisited both met 76% (95% CI = 68%–83% and 68%–82%, respectively).Conclusions: This assessment of disaster preparedness indicated an overall good performance in categories such as hospital equipment and development of major incident plans, but improvement is needed in hospital security, public relations, and communications ahead of the 2010 FIFA World Cup.
Stemness characteristics and osteogenic potential of sheep amniotic epithelial cells
Authors: Mattioli Mauro , Gloria Alessia , Turriani Maura , Mauro Annunziata , Curini Valentina , Russo Valentina , Tetè Stefano , Marchisio Marco , Pierdomenico Laura , Berardinelli Paolo , Colosimo Alessia , Muttini Aurelio , Valbonetti Luca , Barboni Barbara 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe set out to characterize stemness properties and osteogenic potential of sheep AEC (amniotic epithelial cells). AEC were isolated from 3‐month‐old fetuses and expanded in vitro for 12 passages. The morphology, surface markers, stemness markers and osteogenic differentiation were inspected after 1, 6 and 12 passages of expansion, with an average doubling time of 24 h. AEC clearly expressed the stemness markers Oct‐3/4 (octamer‐binding protein‐3/4), Nanog, Sox2 and TERT (telomerase reverse transcriptase) and displayed low levels of global DNA methylation. Culture had moderate effects on cell conditions; some adhesion molecules progressively disappeared from the cell surface, and the expression of Sox2 and TERT was slightly reduced while Nanog increased. No changes occurred in the levels of DNA methylation. Cells organized in 3D spheroids were used for IVD (in vitro differentiation). Within these structures the cells developed a complex intercellular organization that involved extensive intercellular coupling despite continuous cell migration. Marked deposition of calcein in the ECM (extracellular matrix), increased ALP (alkaline phosphatase) activity, expression of bone‐related genes (osteocalcin) and the matrix mineralization shown by Alizarin Red staining demonstrate that AEC can undergo rapid and extensive osteogenic differentiation. AEC introduced in experimental bone lesions survived in the site of implantation for 45 days and supported consistent bone neoformation, thus showing promising potential applications in osteogenic regenerative medicine.
Postoperative respiratory and analgesic effects of dexmedetomidine or morphine for adenotonsillectomy in children with obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Zhuang P. J. , Wang X. , Zhang X. F. , Zhou Z. J. , Wang Q. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryThe postoperative respiratory and analgesic effects of dexmedetomidine and morphine have not been compared in children with sleep apnoea having adenotonsillectomy. In a randomised double‐blind study we recruited 60 children, aged 2–13 years, who received either intravenous dexmedetomidine 1 μg.kg−1 or morphine 100 μg.kg−1 on anaesthetic induction. End‐tidal carbon dioxide, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale score and supplementary morphine administration were recorded every 15 min for 60 min postoperatively. Over 60 min, mean (SD) end‐tidal carbon dioxide was consistently lower with dexmedetomidine compared with morphine (5.4 (0.7) kPa vs 6.0 (0.6) kPa, respectively; p = 0.001). Mean (SD) pain scores were higher with dexmedetomidine (8.1 (2.0) immediately postoperatively and 6.7 (1.0) at 60 min vs 7.6 (1.8) and 6.3 (0.7), respectively, with morphine (p = 0.023)). More patients required supplementary morphine with dexmedetomidine (13/30 (43%) vs 21/30 (70%); p = 0.037). Postoperatively, dexmedetomidine produced less respiratory depression than morphine, but less effective analgesia.You can respond to this article at http://www.anaesthesiacorrespondence.com
Getting the fundamentals of movement: a meta‐analysis of the effectiveness of motor skill interventions in children
Authors: Logan S. W. , Robinson L. E. , Wilson A. E. , Lucas W. A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe development of fundamental movement skills (FMS) is associated with positive health‐related outcomes. Children do not develop FMS naturally through maturational processes. These skills need to be learned, practised and reinforced. The objective was to determine the effectiveness of motor skill interventions in children. The following databases were searched for relevant articles: Academic Search Premier, PsycArticles, PsycInfo, SportDiscus and ERIC. No date range was specified and each search was conducted to include all possible years of publication specific to each database. Key terms for the search included motor, skill, movement, intervention, programme or children. Searches were conducted using single and combined terms. Pertinent journals and article reference lists were also manually searched. Inclusion criteria: (1) implementation of any type of motor skill intervention; (2) pre‐ and post‐qualitative assessment of FMS; and (3) availability of means and standard deviations of motor performance. A significant positive effect of motor skill interventions on the improvement of FMS in children was found (d= 0.39, P < 0.001). Results indicate that object control (d= 0.41, P < 0.001) and locomotor skills (d= 0.45, P < 0.001) improved similarly from pre‐ to post‐intervention. The overall effect size for control groups (i.e. free play) was not significant (d= 0.06, P= 0.33). A Pearson correlation indicated a non‐significant (P= 0.296), negative correlation (r=−0.18) between effect size of pre‐ to post‐improvement of FMS and the duration of the intervention (in minutes). Motor skill interventions are effective in improving FMS in children. Early childhood education centres should implement ‘planned’ movement programmes as a strategy to promote motor skill development in children.
Systematic ethnography of school‐age children with bleeding disorders and other chronic illnesses: exploring children's perceptions of partnership roles in family‐centred care of their chronic illness
Authors: Pritchard Kennedy A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPurpose In this qualitative study, school‐age children between 7 and 11 years, living with a bleeding disorder or other chronic illness, defined how they understand their partnership role in family‐centred care (FCC), and recommended FCC strategies.Methods This systematic ethnography had three phases: unstructured interviews explored how children understood FCC partnership roles (phase I); document review provided FCC institutional context (phase II); and validation interviews generated FCC partnership recommendations (phase III). This study took place within the area served by a Western Canadian children's hospital. Interviews were held at the hospital or children's home. In phase I, purposive sampling was used to recruit children receiving outpatient care for a bleeding disorder (n= 4) or another chronic illness (n= 4). In phase II, policies and legislation were compared with how children understand their FCC partnership role. In phase III, validation interviews were conducted with children (n= 3) to confirm domains and generate FCC supporting strategies. Data collection and analysis were based on domain analysis and qualitative ethnographic content analysis.Results Phase I outcomes included seven domains regarding how children understood their role as partners in FCC:my best interests, virtues, talking and listening, being involved, knowing, making decisionsandbeing connected. Phase II outcomes revealed how these domains were represented in institutional contexts. Phase III outcomes confirmed domains and generated key strategies to support children's role as FCC partners throughgraphic representation of FCC as a treasure map, interactive workshopandonline game.Conclusions School‐age children, living with a bleeding disorder or other chronic illness, similarly want to learn how to be FCC partners by developing competence as healthcare team members, identifying their own best interests, learning how to communicate with ‘grown‐ups’, clarifying roles and goals, and guided opportunities for decision making. Facilitating school‐age children's FCC partnership roles is worthy to explore in youth transition programmes.
A statement on cefazolin immediate hypersensitivity: data from a large database, and focus on the cross‐reactivities
Authors: Pipet A. , Veyrac G. , Wessel F. , Jolliet P. , Magnan A. , Demoly P. , Bousquet P. J. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryBackgroundMore perioperative cefazolin use has resulted in an increased risk of cefazolin‐associated reactions.ObjectiveThe aim of this article is to study immediate reactions to cefazolin and attempt to determine possible allergic cross‐reactivity with other ß‐lactams using data from the Drug Allergy and Hypersensitivity Database (DAHD).MethodsAll 25 cefazolin‐associated reactions in the DAHD were reviewed. The cases identified were then investigated according to the European Network for Drug Allergy (ENDA) recommendations by skin testing and challenges.ResultsA total of 10 individuals with proven IgE‐mediated cefazolin hypersensitivity were identified between January 1999 and July 2009. All the index reactions were compatible with an acute IgE‐mediated process, six with anaphylaxis, two with systemic allergic reactions without hypotension, and two with urticaria/angioedema. Cefazolin skin tests were positive in seven individuals and cefazolin challenges were positive in three more individuals. In the eight cefazolin allergic patients who had challenges with other ß‐lactams, there was no positive reaction noted.Conclusion and Clinical RelevanceIn this cohort of patients with IgE‐mediated reactions to cefazolin, a majority tolerated amoxicillin and several patients tolerated other cephalosporins. This implies that the R1 side‐chain may play an essential role in IgE‐mediated reactions to cefazolin. No clear rule to predict cross‐reactivity with other ß‐lactams could be determined. More research on IgE‐mediated hypersensitivity to cefazolin and other cephalosporins is needed.
Validity of HMGB1 measurement in epithelial lining fluid in patients with COPD
Authors: Kanazawa Hiroshi , Tochino Yoshihiro , Asai Kazuhisa , Ichimaru Yukikazu , Watanabe Tetsuya , Hirata Kazuto 
Published: September 2011

Eur J Clin Invest 2012; 42 (4): 419–426AbstractBackground  It has been known that high‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory disorders in the lung. We attempted to determine the validity of measurement of HMGB1 levels in epithelial lining fluid (ELF) from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Materials and methods  We measured HMGB1 levels in ELF separately obtained from central or peripheral airways using a bronchoscopic microsampling technique in 14 non‐smokers, 13 smokers without COPD and 30 smokers with COPD. We also evaluated whether those levels were correlated with the indexes of pulmonary function and grade of low‐attenuation area (LAA) on high‐resolution computed tomographic scans.Results  HMGB1 levels in ELF from central airways did not significantly differ among the three groups. However, HMGB1 levels in peripheral airways were significantly higher in COPD patients than in non‐smokers and smokers without COPD. Both the concentrations of interleukin‐8 and human polymorphonuclear elastase in peripheral airways were also significantly higher in COPD patients. Moreover, those levels were significantly correlated with HMGB1 level. In addition, HMGB1 level in peripheral airways was closely correlated with the degree of airflow obstruction and grade of LAA in COPD patients.Conclusions  HMGB1 levels in peripheral airways were elevated in smokers without COPD, as compared with non‐smokers, and those levels were further augmented in COPD patients. Those levels were associated with the severity of COPD. Therefore, HMGB1 in peripheral airways may be a potentially interesting target for new pharmacological treatments in COPD patients.
Field measurements of normal and shear fracture compliance
Authors: Hobday C. , Worthington M.H. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTField estimates of the normal and shear compliance of water saturated fractures were obtained from a seismic experiment carried out on a wave‐cut platform of Upper Caithness Flagstone on the North coast of Scotland. The rocks are cut by two orthogonal sets of vertical fractures. Vertical geophones were glued to the rock surface and seismic waves were generated by striking the surface with a sledge hammer. First arrival traveltimes were obtained for source‐receiver distances up to 30 m. Differences of compressional velocity with direction across the platform were interpreted as resulting from the compliance of the fractures intersected by the transmitted waves. The average normal compliance for fractures at this site is 4.0 × 10−12± 1.0 × 10−12 m/Pa. There is much less certainty about the precise value of shear compliance. However, the normal/shear compliance ratio is determined to be ≤0.1.