bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Practice Guideline Development Manual: A Quality‐Driven Approach for Translating Evidence into Action
Authors: Rosenfeld Richard M. , Shiffman Richard N. 
Published: May 2009

BACKGROUND: Guidelines translate best evidence into best practice. A well‐crafted guideline promotes quality by reducing health‐care variations, improving diagnostic accuracy, promoting effective therapy, and discouraging ineffective—or potentially harmful—interventions. Despite a plethora of published guidelines, methodology is often poorly defined and varies greatly within and among organizations.PURPOSE: This manual describes the principles and practices used successfully by the American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery to produce quality‐driven, evidence‐based guidelines using efficient and transparent methodology for action‐ready recommendations with multidisciplinary applicability. The development process, which allows moving from conception to completion in 12 months, emphasizes a logical sequence of key action statements supported by amplifying text, evidence profiles, and recommendation grades that link action to evidence.CONCLUSIONS: As clinical practice guidelines become more prominent as a key metric of quality health care, organizations must develop efficient production strategies that balance rigor and pragmatism. Equally important, clinicians must become savvy in understanding what guidelines are—and are not—and how they are best utilized to improve care. The information in this manual should help clinicians and organizations achieve these goals.
Provenance of Miocene sandstones in northern Iraq: constraints from framework petrography, bulk-rock geochemistry and mineral chemistry
Authors: Al-Juboury A.I. , McCann T. , Ghazal M.M. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Modal analysis, bulk-rock geochemistry and phase chemistry of sandstones of the Miocene Fat’ha and Injana formations, northern Iraq, show that the clastics were derived from heterogeneous sources that include basic igneous and metamorphic rocks as well as older sedimentary rocks. The sandstones are generally carbonate-rich lithic arenites. Their geochemistry supports the petrographic results and indicates that they are all Fe-rich, lithic or quartz arkosic sandstones. According to geochemical data, garnets are derived from metamorphic sources, hornblende is of igneous origin, and clinopyroxenes, are produced by basic igneous rocks. Epidote is most probably to be a product of disintegration of metamorphic rocks, essentially, metamorphosed igneous rocks. Rutile geochemistry implies low-grade metamorphic and basic to ultrabasic igneous sources. Chemical composition of chromian spinels indicates that they are derived from Alpine-type peridotite. The ophiolitic-radiolarite belts of Taurus-Zagros as well as the uplifted Cretaceous and Paleocene strata of north and northeastern Iraq are likely to be the major source of clastics to the Fat’ha–Injana basin, a foreland basin formed as a result of the continental Arabian and Turkish/Iranian plates collision.
New homologous series of biomarker molecules from Vendian deposits of the Sayan-adjacent Biryusa area
Authors: Kashirtsev V.A. , Sovetov Yu.K. , Kostyreva E.A. , Melenevskii V.M. , Kuchkina A.Yu. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
We studied the organochemical distribution of saturated hydrocarbons in organic matter of mudstones of the Vendian Marna Formation in the Sayan-adjacent Biryusa area. The formation is composed of glacial, glacio-alluvial, and lacustrine deposits.
In the fraction of saturated hydrocarbons in chloroform extracts (bitumoids), a homologous series of earlier unknown 2,7-dimethyl alkanes has been identified, with molecules having the even number of carbon atoms prevailing. The possible sources of such abundant biomarkers are considered.
Callovian foraminiferal assemblages in West Siberia
Authors: Levchuk L.K. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
The paper presents data on Callovian foraminiferal assemblages from several wells in two localities of the West Siberian plain (Shaim oil and gas district, northwestern West Siberia, and Mykhpai field, central West Siberia). The assemblages are compared and studied in terms of space and time changes of their stratigraphy, which can make basis for a more detailed zonal subdivision as more data become available. The taxonomic compositions of the assemblages are summarized in tables for specific wells to highlight their geographic variations.
Rethinking the pillar of Eliseg
Authors: Edwards Nancy 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe Pillar of Eliseg, originally an ambitious round-shafted cross, stands on a barrow near the Cistercian abbey of Valle Crucis. It was carved with a lengthy inscription, now illegible, but transcribed in 1696 by Edward Lhuyd. Two copies have survived, enabling a reconsideration of the significance of the inscription. This article reassesses the history of the monument, its archaeological context, form and function. The inscription shows that the cross was erected by Concenn, ruler of Powys (dad854), to honour his great-grandfather, Eliseg, who had expelled the Anglo-Saxons from this part of Powys. The inscription also links the rulers of Powys with the Roman usurper Magnus Maximus and the sub-Roman ruler Guarthigirn. It is argued that the inscription was intended to be read out loud and that the monument was an important piece of public propaganda erected at a time when the kingdom of Powys was severely under threat.
The Soviet Union and the United Nations: An Essay in Interpretation
Authors: Emerson Rupert , Claude Inis L. 
Published: May 2009

In the present climate of opinion it is customary to view the attitudes and actions of the USSR in the United Nations — as elsewhere — as dictated only by malice and evil.Since the gravest issues of peace and war may hinge upon the assessment which is made of the Soviet attitude, it is essential to seek an understanding of the ideas and forces which have shaped it. We have, therefore, attempted in the first place to assess the Soviet position as Moscow may see it, in some instances deliberately giving the benefit of the doubt, where doubt plausibly enters in, to the Soviet side; but the elements of explanation which have inevitably intruded themselves reflect the western frame of reference. The word “may” is in italic since this is necessarily an essay in interpretation; Soviet pronouncements obviously cover only part of the story and have their strong propaganda implications and limitations.
Regional Cooperation in Scandinavia
Authors: Padelford Norman J. 
Published: May 2009

It has been said that the northern nations of Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Finland and Iceland, personify unity within diversity.Ties of ethnographic and cultural kinship give these northern peoples a sense of unity and a desire for working together. At the same time, the varying outlooks and aspirations which the five countries have come to hold as a result of their differing geographic, economic and political conditions and experiences, have produced a strong desire for independence and the preservation of their own ways of life.
NATO and the Persian Gulf: examining intra-alliance behavior
Authors: Kupchan Charles A. 
Published: May 2009

This study examines the determinants of intra-alliance cooperation by focusing on a single case study: the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) attempts to deal with Persian Gulf security since 1979. It chronicles the evolution of NATO policy towards Southwest Asia, identifying examples of cooperative and noncooperative behavior. The essay then develops four hypotheses about intra-alliance behavior and uses them to examine the case study. The External Threat hypothesis suggests that alliance cohesion rises and falls with external threats to collective security. The Alliance Security Dilemma hypothesis proposes that cohesion is a function of the coercive potential of the alliance leader and its ability to exact cooperative behavior from its weaker partners. The Collective Action hypothesis suggests that alliance behavior is fundamentally a public goods problem. The Domestic Politics hypothesis asserts that alliance behavior is determined primarily by political and economic factors at the domestic level.The essay points to the overriding importance of American coercion in producingpoliticalcooperation within NATO on the out-of-area problem. It shows, however, that theeconomiccomponents of alliance behavior are relatively insensitive to bargaining pressure and threat perceptions, and that European defense expenditures are determined largely by domestic factors. The article therefore illuminates the need to distinguish carefully between the political and economic components of alliance management. It suggests, however, that the different dynamics driving cooperation and discord are not a function of the issue-area per se, but of the scope and locus of its decision-making arena. While some issue-areas are largely the domain of foreign policy elites and lend themselves to oligarchic forms of decision making, others have a far more immediate impact on domestic politics and are therefore more influenced by pluralist factors.
Multilateral negotiations: a spatial analysis of the Arab–Israeli dispute
Authors: de Mesquita Bruce Bueno 
Published: May 2009

A model for forecasting political choices and for explaining the perceptual conditions that lead to those choices is delineated. The model, based on the median voter theorem and on the axioms of expected utility maximization, is applied to the prospects for a multilateral peace conference in the Middle East. The analysis helps provide insights into the motivations behind recent actions by leaders in the Soviet Union, the United States, Jordan, the Palestine Liberation Organization, and Israel.By viewing multilateral negotiations in a rational choice context, it is possible to elucidate the contents of calculations that reflect decision makers' considerations if they are trying to do what they believe is in their best interest. By modeling the decision process and then using comparative statics simulations, it is also possible to discern when perceptions and reality are likely to deviate from each other and to gauge the hypothesized responses of all the actors to changed circumstances. In this way, the likely impact of Soviet moderation, Israeli intransigence, Jordanian vacillation, or U.S. intervention can be identified.
Seroprevalence of Toxocara canis infection among asymptomatic children with eosinophilia in Croatia
Authors: Sviben M. , Čavlek T.V. , Missoni E.M. , Galinović G.M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA total of 142 serum specimens from Croatian children aged 3–18 years, with peripheral eosinophilia and without any clinical symptoms, were tested for the presence of Toxocara canis IgG antibodies using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot method. The overall T. canis seropositivity rate in the samples tested was 31%. There was no statistical difference in the seroprevalence rate between boys (32.1%) and girls (29.7%, χ2 = 0.092, P = 0.761). The T. canis seropositivity varied significantly between age groups both in boys (Fisher's test P < 0.001) and girls (Fisher's test P = 0.007). The highest seroprevalence rate was found in boys aged 11–14 (42.9%) and girls aged 7–10 (44.2%). Our results showed a high seroprevalence rate of T. canis infection among children with eosinophilia. It is important that testing for toxocariasis should be included in a differential diagnosis of eosinophilia, especially in children.
Selective (intra-arterial), rapid infusion chemo-radiotherapy to preserve the larynx in advanced laryngeal carcinoma: preliminary results
Authors: Nakashima T , Mihoki T , Ono T , Umeno H , Tanaka N 
Published: May 2009

AbstractObjectives:We had previously treated patients with advanced stage laryngeal cancer by laryngectomy with or without post-operative radiotherapy. In order to improve such patients' quality of life, we sought to preserve the larynx by selective (intra-arterial), rapid infusion chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy.Methods:Chemotherapy was administered intra-arterially in the angiography suite via transfemoral catheterisation of the superior thyroid artery. Patients received up to four once-weekly infusions of cisplatin (75 mg/patient) with simultaneous intravenous administration of sodium thiosulphate, a neutralising agent. Patients also received external radiation simultaneously at a dose of 1.8 or 2.0 Gy per fraction, once daily for five days a week for 7 weeks.Results:Intra-arterial infusion chemo-radiotherapy was performed in eight patients with advanced laryngeal carcinoma (four glottic, three supraglottic and one subglottic type carcinoma). A complete response was achieved at the primary site and at lymph node metastases in all eight patients. Overall toxic side effects were modest. No catheter-related thrombo-embolic complications were observed during any of the chemotherapy sessions.Conclusions:Selective (intra-arterial), rapid infusion chemo-radiotherapy may enable laryngeal preservation in patients with advanced laryngeal carcinoma.
Conservative treatment for recurrent dislocation of temporomandibular joint
Authors: Sato K , Umeno H , Nakashima T 
Published: May 2009

AbstractObjective:Recurrent dislocation of the temporomandibular joint is difficult to treat with nonsurgical methods. A new nonsurgical method for the treatment of this condition is presented.Methods:Routine dental arch bars were applied to the teeth, and two latex elastic bands were placed between the two arch bars on either side of the dental arch. Muscular exercises (i.e. active mouth opening) were then performed regularly over approximately three months.Results:Patients were followed up for two to five years, and the treatment proved successful in five of five cases (i.e. no recurrence was seen). The advantages of this treatment are its simplicity and the lack of special equipment needed. No surgery is required, although patients must perform regular muscular exercises. Surgical complications such as trismus and facial nerve palsy are avoided. The disadvantages of this method are the requirement for patient compliance, and its lack of usefulness in patients without teeth.Conclusions:The described method is useful for patients complaining of recurrent dislocation of the temporomandibular joint.
Supraglottic carcinoma treatment results analysed by therapeutic approach
Authors: Chijiwa H , Mihashi H , Sakamoto K , Umeno H , Nakashima T 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis study reviewed 161 patients with supraglottic squamous cell carcinoma who underwent radical therapy at Kurume University Hospital between 1989 and 2003. The five-year survival rate was 89 per cent in patients with stage III disease and 75 per cent in stage IV patients, thus demonstrating favourable results even for patients with advanced cancer. The five-year local control rate and the laryngeal preservation rate were poor in patients with T3tumours (being 75 per cent for both), but the overall five-year local control rate for all patients was 86 per cent. Laser surgery plus chemo-radiotherapy was the most frequently used treatment. The local control rates and laryngeal preservation rates were poor in patients with tumour infiltration to the glottis and the laryngeal ventricle. In conclusion, the indications for combination laser therapy for supraglottic carcinoma should in future be extended, and the type and number of chemotherapy courses for this cancer should be further clarified.
Management of composite defects of the nose, cheek, eyelids and upper lip
Authors: Jones N S , Raghavan U 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAim:To assess the results of reconstruction of composite defects involving the nose which extend to involve the cheeks, eyelids or upper lip.Study design:Retrospective observational study.Material:Sixteen patients with defects of the nose extending to the adjoining cheek, upper lip or eyelid.Method:A combination of flaps and grafts were needed to reconstruct these defects so that the aesthetic subunits were replaced and joined at their junctions wherever possible.Results:Where the defect required three or four flaps, there was some unpredictable cicatrisation at their junction that resulted in some asymmetry. This problem primarily occurred at the alar base, and was compounded if there was tissue loss of the premaxilla or maxilla.Conclusion:If a defect that involves the nose, cheek and upper lip is repaired with a combination of cheek advancement, nasolabial, paramedian forehead and/or septal flaps, there can be unpredictable cicatrisation at their junction, particularly at the alar base. In these circumstances, we recommend replacing the nasal and other defects with a slightly more generous amount of tissue than would be taken to repair a similar, but solitary, defect. It is important to replace any loss of the facial skeleton, in order to provide support for overlying flaps.
Accuracy of clinical assessment of paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea in two English centres
Authors: Sproson E L , Hogan A M , Hill C M 
Published: May 2009

AbstractObjectives:To ascertain the sensitivity and specificity of clinical diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnoea in children, and to determine if a published clinical algorithm identifies those at high risk of post-adenotonsillectomy complications.Method:Sixty-seven children aged three to eight years underwent clinical assessment and overnight polysomnography.Results:Polysomnography detected a significant apnoea–hypopnoea index (i.e. ≥5, indicating significant obstructive sleep apnoea) in 13 (43 per cent) children with a clinical diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnoea and in six (19 per cent) children with no such diagnosis. The sensitivity of clinical assessment was 68.4 per cent and the specificity 59.5 per cent. The post-operative risk algorithm failed to identify any high risk children, although in actuality seven had severe obstructive sleep apnoea confirmed by polysomnography.Conclusions:This study of two English centres confirms that the clinical diagnostic process for obstructive sleep apnoea is reasonably insensitive and has low specificity. The studied algorithm discriminated poorly between children with and without severe obstructive sleep apnoea. Realistic diagnostic screening guidelines for paediatric sleep apnoea are overdue in the UK, where access to polysomnography is limited.
Psychiatric morbidity associated with same-sex sexual behaviour: influence of minority stress and familial factors
Authors: Frisell T. , Lichtenstein P. , Rahman Q. , Långström N. 
Published: May 2009

BackgroundIncreased psychiatric morbidity has been widely reported among non-heterosexual individuals (defined as reporting a homosexual/bisexual identity and/or same-sex sexual partners). However, the causes of this psychiatric ill-health are mostly unknown.MethodWe attempted to estimate the influence of minority stress and familial factors on psychiatric disorder among adults with same-sex sexual partners. Self-report data from a 2005 survey of adults (age 20–47 years, n=17 379) in the population-based Swedish Twin Registry were analysed with regression modelling and co-twin control methodology.ResultsRates of depression, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), eating disorders, alcohol dependence and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were increased among men and women with same-sex sexual experiences. Adjusting for perceived discrimination and hate crime victimization lowered this risk whereas controlling for familial (genetic or environmental) factors in within-twin pair comparisons further reduced or eliminated it.ConclusionsComponents of minority stress influence the risk of psychiatric ill-health among individuals with any same-sex sexual partner. However, substantial confounding by familial factors suggests a common genetic and/or environmental liability for same-sex sexual behaviour and psychiatric morbidity.
Enhanced ‘Reading the Mind in the Eyes’ in borderline personality disorder compared to healthy controls
Authors: Fertuck E. A. , Jekal A. , Song I. , Wyman B. , Morris M. C. , Wilson S. T. , Brodsky B. S. , Stanley B. 
Published: May 2009

BackgroundBorderline personality disorder (BPD) is partly characterized by chronic instability in interpersonal relationships, which exacerbates other symptom dimensions of the disorder and can interfere with treatment engagement. Facial emotion recognition paradigms have been used to investigate the bases of interpersonal impairments in BPD, yielding mixed results. We sought to clarify and extend past findings by using the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET), a measure of the capacity to discriminate the mental state of others from expressions in the eye region of the face.MethodThirty individuals diagnosed with BPD were compared to 25 healthy controls (HCs) on RMET performance. Participants were also assessed for depression severity, emotional state at the time of assessment, history of childhood abuse, and other Axis I and personality disorders (PDs).ResultsThe BPD group performed significantly better than the HC group on the RMET, particularly for the Total Score and Neutral emotional valences. Effect sizes were in the large range for the Total Score and for Neutral RMET performance. The results could not be accounted for by demographics, co-occurring Axis I or II conditions, medication status, abuse history, or emotional state. However, depression severity partially mediated the relationship between RMET and BPD status.ConclusionsMental state discrimination based on the eye region of the face is enhanced in BPD. An enhanced sensitivity to the mental states of others may be a basis for the social impairments in BPD.
Passive dynamic walking with flat feet and ankle compliance
Authors: Wang Qining , Huang Yan , Wang Long 
Published: May 2009

SUMMARYThis paper presents a bipedal locomotion model for passive dynamic walking with flat feet and compliant ankles. The two-dimensional seven-link model extends the simplest walking model with the addition of hip actuation, knee joints, flat feet and torsional springs based compliance on ankle joints, concerning heel-strike and toe-strike transitions, to achieve adaptive bipedal locomotion on level ground with controllable walking speed. We investigate the effects of foot geometric parameters and ankles stiffness on bipedal walking. The model achieves satisfactory walking results not only on even ground but also on uneven terrain with no active control and on different walking velocities. In addition, from the view of stability, there is an optimal foot-ankle ratio of the passivity-based walker. The results can be used to explore further understanding of bipedal walking, and help the design of future intelligent ankle-foot prosthesis and passivity-based robot prototypes towards more practical uses.
Completely positive maps into corona algebras
Authors: KUCEROVSKY DAN Z. , NG P. W. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe prove a decomposition theorem similar to the well-known result of Voiculescu's: namely that completely positive mapsA→(B)/Bfactor through a given homomorphism ι:A→(B)/Bwhen the homomorphism ι has a certain infiniteness property.The algebraBis only assumed to be separable and nonunital; in particular, it is not assumed to be stable. The C*-algebraAis assumed to be separable, unital and nuclear.
Finitely determined singularities of ruled surfaces in 3
Authors: MARTINS R. , NUÑO–BALLESTEROS J. J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe study local singularities of ruled surfaces in 3. We show that any map germ f : (2, 0) → (3, 0) with a simple singularity is -equivalent to a ruled surface. Moreover, we give a topological classification of -finitely determined singularities of ruled surfaces and show that there are just eleven topological classes.