bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study on the influence of dominant sound sources on users’ emotional perception in a pediatric dentistry clinic
Authors: Liu Yang , Chen Xi 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionSoundscape in dental clinics has varying degrees of impact on the emotions of healthcare workers and young patients. Emotions such as restlessness, anxiety, anger, and nervousness are commonly found among dental healthcare workers. Pediatric dental clinics are an important part of dental clinics, but there is a lack of research on the soundscape within pediatric dental clinics.MethodsThis study focuses on a typical pediatric dental clinic, using a combination of field questionnaires and objective measurements. It aims to determine the impact of dominant sound sources on the emotional perception (nervousness, restlessness, anger, fear, pain) and hostile emotional responses of users in the pediatric dental clinic.ResultsIn the soundscape of pediatric dental clinics for young pediatric patients, users experience negative emotional perceptions (nervousness, restlessness, anxiety, anger, fear, and pain) and emotional responses of hostility. The dominant sound sources can be divided into two categories: dental (dental drill, air-water syringe, and saliva ejector) and nondental (children crying). Under the influence of dental dominant sound sources, there was a significant negative correlation between the emotional perceptions of healthcare workers and their negative emotional perceptions (p  &lt;  0.05). Conversely, for young pediatric patients aged 0–11  years, a significant positive correlation was observed between their emotional perceptions and negative emotional perceptions. The mean perceived degrees of nervousness and fear in young pediatric patients were 1.82 and 1.71 times stronger, respectively, than those observed in healthcare workers. Under the influence of non-dental dominant sound sources, the average degree of emotional perception among healthcare workers was 0.71 higher than that of young pediatric patients, and anxiety perception was significantly enhanced (p  &lt;  0.05). The mean degree of nervousness perception was 1 point higher in healthcare workers compared to young pediatric patients, restlessness perception was 1.1 stronger, and there was a presence of mild pain perception. In terms of demographic/social factors, age, occupation, and years of work significantly affected the perceptions of fear and restlessness among healthcare workers, while age had a significant impact on the emotional reaction of hostility in young pediatric patients.DiscussionThe results of this study indicate that the soundscape is an important factor in creating a comfortable treatment environment in pediatric dental clinics. Healthcare workers and young pediatric patients are significantly affected by the dominant sound sources in the clinic, and these effects are closely related to demographic and social factors such as age, profession, and years of experience. This finding can provide more targeted methods and strategies for the design and creation of soundscapes in dental clinics.
Self-injury functions mediate the association between anxiety and self-injury frequency among depressed Chinese adolescents: sex differences
Authors: Zhao Yunhan , Zhao Xudong , Zhou Yongjie , Liu Liang 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveNon-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has become a common clinical problem that severely threatens the mental and physical health of Chinese adolescents. This study explores the mediation effects of NSSI functions on the relationship between anxiety and NSSI frequency among depressed Chinese adolescents as well as the sex differences in the mediating effects.MethodsIn this study, a cross-sectional survey method was used to obtain data of 1773 adolescent patients with major depressive disorders from over 20 specialized psychiatric hospitals across multiple provinces in China. A self-designed questionnaire for demographic information, the Chinese version of Functional Assessment of Self- Mutilation (C-FASM), and the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) were employed to investigate demographic data, NSSI frequency, NSSI functions, and anxiety and to analyze the mediating effects of NSSI functions on the association between anxiety and NSSI frequency among adolescents of different sexes.ResultsA total of 316 male patients and 1457 female patients were investigated. Female patients had a higher NSSI frequency (Z=3.195, P=0.001) and higher anxiety scores than did male patients (Z=2.714, P=0.007). Anxiety had a stronger positive predictive effect on the NSSI frequency in females (OR = 1.090) than in males (OR = 1.064). For male patients, the emotion regulation function in NSSI motivation played a full mediating role in the association between anxiety and NSSI frequency. For female patients, the emotion regulation and social avoidance functions in NSSI functions played a partial mediating role between anxiety and NSSI frequency.ConclusionsThere are sex differences in the mediating role of NSSI functions of depressed adolescents in the association between anxiety and NSSI frequency. When experiencing anxiety, both males and females may engage in NSSI behaviors as a means to regulate their emotions. For females, anxiety can directly predict NSSI frequency, and they may attempt NSSI to achieve the purpose of rejecting others. In the face of anxiety among depressed adolescents of different sexes, developing different emotional regulation methods and behavioral regulation strategies may be critical in preventing their NSSI behaviors.
Mendelian randomization shows causal effects of birth weight and childhood body mass index on the risk of frailty
Authors: Cui Junhao , Fu Shuqin , Zhu Lin , Li Peng , Song Chunlan 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundThe association between birth weight and childhood body mass index (BMI) and frailty has been extensively studied, but it is currently unclear whether this relationship is causal.MethodsWe utilized a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) methodology to investigate the causal effects of birth weight and childhood BMI on the risk of frailty. Instrumental variables (p &lt; 5E-08) strongly associated with own birth weight (N = 298,142 infants), offspring birth weight (N = 210,267 mothers), and childhood BMI (N = 39,620) were identified from large-scale genomic data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The frailty status was assessed using the frailty index, which was derived from comprehensive geriatric assessments of older adults within the UK Biobank and the TwinGene database (N = 175,226).ResultsGenetically predicted one standard deviation (SD) increase in own birth weight, but not offspring birth weight (maternal-specific), was linked to a decreased frailty index (β per SD increase = −0.068, 95%CI = −0.106 to −0.030, p = 3.92E-04). Conversely, genetically predicted one SD increase in childhood BMI was associated with an elevated frailty index (β per SD increase = 0.080, 95%CI = 0.046 to 0.114, p = 3.43E-06) with good statistical power (99.8%). The findings remained consistent across sensitivity analyses and showed no horizontal pleiotropy (p &gt; 0.05).ConclusionThis MR study provides evidence supporting a causal relationship between lower birth weight, higher childhood BMI, and an increased risk of frailty.
“Connect Local”: protocol for the evaluation of a codesigned whole of community approach to promote social connection in older adults
Authors: Ogrin R. , Robinson E. , Rendell K. , Alrababah S. , Fineberg D. , Fiddes K. , Yerolemou A. , Lim M. H. , Engel L. , Lowthian J. A. 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundThere is wide acknowledgement in the literature that social connection is protective against loneliness and depression. More robust research, however, is needed to evaluate interventions that promote social connection. This protocol paper outlines the evaluation of a community-wide social connection program, Connect Local, in metropolitan Melbourne, Australia to support people 65 years and older to increase access to local community services/activities; and to ascertain impact on social connection, loneliness, depressive symptoms, physical and mental wellbeing, and use of health services.MethodsA Type 1 Hybrid design, including program effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, and implementation evaluation of the Connect Local program, will be undertaken. Eighty-eight participants aged ≥65 years with one or more chronic health condition, who are also either experiencing or at risk of loneliness, social isolation and depressive symptoms will be invited to participate in the evaluation. Outcomes, measured at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months, include loneliness, social isolation, depressive symptoms, social anxiety, goal attainment, wellbeing, quality of life and health care utilisation. A gender and age matched comparator group of 88 individuals will be recruited from outside the intervention local government area. Impact of the intervention on community service providers in the target region will be evaluated using mixed methods, where triangulation will be used to combine the qualitative and quantitative data using a deductive-simultaneous design. Changes in wellbeing and quality of life of community volunteers will also be measured. All groups will be interviewed to ascertain their experience and perceptions of the program. The economic evaluation will use a Social Return on Investment (SROI) approach, to include outcomes at the individual, community, and system levels. Implementation outcomes will consider Reach, Adoption, Feasibility, Acceptability, Appropriateness, Fidelity, and Sustainability of the intervention.DiscussionThis study will provide a better understanding of the impacts of a community-wide social connection approach in older adults, the community and broader system.Clinical trial registrationhttps://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=385192; Identifier ACTRN12623000968673.
The influence of actors on the content and execution of a bereavement programme: a Bourdieu-inspired ethnographical field study in Sweden
Authors: Karidar Hakima , Lundqvist Pia , Glasdam Stinne 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionThe death of a parent can have profound negative impacts on children, and a lack of adequate support can exacerbate negative life experiences.AimTo explore the influences of various actors on the content and execution of a bereavement programme within a Swedish context, considering relational and contextual perspectives.MethodsAn ethnographic field study involving six children, their parents, and eight volunteers. A theory-inspired thematic analysis was conducted, methodically inspired by Braun and Clarke, theoretically inspired by Bourdieu’s concepts of position, power, and capital.ResultsConfidentiality obligation was an essential element in the programme, however, the premisses varied depending on actors’ positions. Volunteers and researchers had different outlets to express their experiences in the program. The programme offered the children an exclusive space for talking about and sharing experiences and feelings. Simultaneously, the programme restricted the children by not allowing them to share their experiences and feelings outside the physical space. The physical settings shaped the different conditions for interactions among the actors. The sessions adopted loss-oriented approaches, where communication between volunteers and children was guided by the volunteers. However, children created strategies for additional, voiceless communication with their peers or themselves. During breaks and mingles, shared interests or spaces connected children (and adults) more than their common experience of parental bereavement.ConclusionThe participants in the programme were significantly influenced by the structural framework of the programme, and their positions within the programme provided them with different conditions of possibility for (inter)acting. Children’s daily activities and interests were both ways to cope with parental bereavement and connect them to other people.
Summer undergraduate biomedical research program for underrepresented minority students in a rural, low-income state
Authors: Anders Michael E. , Prince Latrina Y. , Williams Tremaine B. , McGehee Robert E. , Thomas Billy R. , Allen Antino R. 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionDiversity can enhance the agenda and quality of biomedical research, but a dearth of underrepresented minorities and women serve as biomedical researchers. The study purpose was to examine the impact of the a summer undergraduate research program on self-efficacy in research, scientific communication, and leadership as well as scientific identity, valuing objectives of the scientific community, and intent to pursue a biomedical research career.MethodsUnderrepresented minority and female undergraduate students participated in a mentored research experience in a rural, low-income state.ResultsStudents' self-efficacy in research, scientific communication, and leadership as well as scientific identity, valuing objectives of the scientific community, and intent to pursue a biomedical research career increased post-program compared to pre-program.ConclusionThis study supports implementation of a biomedical summer undergraduate research program for URM and women in a poor, rural, settings.
Policy-driven food security: investigating the impact of China’s maize subsidy policy reform on farmer’ productivity
Authors: Ye Feng , Qin Shengze , Li Huanjiao , Li Zilin , Tong Ting 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionChina is the largest producer, consumer, and trader of grain. Changes in China’s agricultural policies will affect global food trade and thus impact food security. In this paper, we use China’s maize subsidy system reform (MSSR) as a quasi-natural experiment to investigate the impact of market-oriented reforms in price support policy on the productivity of grain.MethodsWe use official Chinese government panel data on farm households and a PSM-DID model to overcome the endogeneity problem of policy change.Results and discussionThe empirical results show that MSSR can increase maize productivity. The MSSR is divided into two phases: eliminating the maize purchase price and implementing maize producer subsidies. The policy effect of eliminating the purchase price exceeds the implementation of producer subsidies. Further analysis reveals that for farmers with a larger scale of cultivation, higher level of specialization, and higher degree of part-time employment, the MSSR enhances their productivity more significantly. In the high quartile, the MSSR reduces farmers’ productivity. In the low quartile, the MSSR raises farmers’ productivity, suggesting that the MSSR reduces the productivity differences among farmers. The results of our study suggest that market-based reform of price subsidies is an effective institutional arrangement to mitigate resource mismatch and increase food productivity, and point to the need to continue to improve the MSSR, explore diversified maize producer subsidy policies, and take into account the impact of other subsidies on farmers’ maize production behavior.
Risk assessment in equine anesthesia: a first evaluation of the usability, utility and predictivity of the two-part CHARIOT
Authors: Brumund Lisa , Wittenberg-Voges Liza , Rohn Karl , Kästner Sabine B. R. 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionAn accurate risk score that can predict peri-anesthetic morbidity and mortality in equine patients could improve peri-operative management, outcome and client communication.Materials and methodsThree hunded horses underwent pre-anesthetic risk assessment using the American Society of Anesthesiologists-Physical Status augmented with equine-specific diseases (ASA-PS-Equine), a multifactorial 10-part rubric risk scale (10-RS), and a combination of both, the Combined horse anesthetic risk identification and optimization tool (CHARIOT). Intra-and post-anesthetic complications, the recovery phase and mortality were recorded over a period of 7 days following general anesthesia. To compare the utility and predictive power of the 3 scores, data were analyzed using binominal logistic regression (p ≤ 0.05) and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. In addition, inter-observer reliability, speed, safety, ease of use and face validity of the ASA-PS-Equine and the 10-RS were analyzed based on five hypothetical patients.ResultsAll scores showed statistically significant associations with various intra-anesthetic complications and parameters of the recovery phase. The discriminant ability of the scores related to the occurrence of intra-anesthetic (AUC = 0.6093–0.6701) and post-anesthetic (AUC = 0.5373–0.6194) complications was only low. The highest diagnostic accuracy for all scores was observed for overall mortality (AUC = 0.7526–0.7970), with the ASA-PS-Equine differentiating most precisely (AUC = 0.7970; 95% CI 0.7199–0.8741). Inter-observer reliability was fair for the 10-RS (κ = 0.39) and moderate for the ASA-PS-Equine (κ = 0.52). Patient assignment to the CHARIOT was predominantly rated as rather easy and quick or very quick.Limitations and conclusionThe main limitations of the study are the monocentric study design and failure to obtain the full range of points. In conclusion, all 3 scores provide useful information for predicting the mortality risk of equine patients undergoing general anesthesia, whereas intra-and postoperative complications cannot be predicted with these scores.
Neighborhood Access to the Built Environment and Allostatic Load: A Systematic Review of the Use of Geographic Information Systems
Authors: Cranshaw Owen , Haworth Steven 
Published: May 2024

Objectives: This paper systematically reviews how spatial analysis has been used to measure relationships between access to the built environment and Allostatic Load (AL) or biomarkers relevant to the stress pathway. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) facilitate objective measurement of built environment access that may explain unequal health outcomes linked to living in stressful environments.Methods: Systematic review, search date 13 July 2022 with methods published a priori. Included studies that quantitatively assessed associations between GIS measures of neighborhood attributes and biomarkers of stress.Results: 23 studies from 14 countries were included having used GIS measures to assess relationships between access to the built environment and biomarkers relevant to AL, with 17 being cross-sectional and 6 longitudinal. Just 2 studies explicitly assessed associations between GIS measures and AL, but 21 explored biomarkers relevant to the stress pathway. GIS was used to calculate density (how much of x within y) and proximity (how far from a to b) measures.Conclusion: GIS measures of greenspace, the food environment, area-level demographics, and land-use measures were found to influence biomarkers relevant to the stress pathway, highlighting the utility of this approach. GIS use is extremely limited when measuring the built environment and its influence on AL but has been widely used to consider effects on individual biomarkers of stress.Systematic Review Registration: [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=348355], identifier [CRD42022348355].
Case Report: Effective management of adalimumab-induced acquired hemophilia A with the CyDRI protocol
Authors: Ceglédi Andrea , Bátai Árpád , Dolgos János , Fekete Mónika , Gopcsa László , Király Viktória , Lakatos Gergely , Nagy György , Szemlaky Zsuzsanna , Várkonyi Andrea , Vilimi Beáta , Mikala Gábor , Bodó Imre 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionAcquired Hemophilia A (AHA) is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by the emergence of inhibitors that specifically target coagulation Factor VIII, frequently resulting in severe bleeding episodes.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of the medical records of a 68-year-old male patient who presented with adalimumab-induced AHA.ResultsThe patient received adalimumab, a tumor necrosis factor inhibitor antibody, as part of his treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. The patient’s clinical journey, characterized by intense bleeding and coagulopathy, was effectively managed with the application of recombinant Factor VIIa (rFVIIa) and the CyDRi protocol.DiscussionThe case emphasizes the importance of prompt coagulation assessment in patients with bleeding symptoms receiving disease-modifying therapy for rheumatoid arthritis that includes adalimumab therapy, considering the rare yet life-threatening nature of AHA. Additionally, this report provides an extensive review of the existing literature on drug-induced AHA, with a special emphasis on cases linked to immunomodulatory medications. Through this two-pronged approach, our report aims to enhance understanding and awareness of this severe complication among healthcare providers, promoting timely diagnosis and intervention.
A Learnable Viewpoint Evolution Method for Accurate Pose Estimation of Complex Assembled Product
Authors: Zhao Delong , Kong Feifei , Du Fuzhou 
Published: May 2024

Balancing adaptability, reliability, and accuracy in vision technology has always been a major bottleneck limiting its application in appearance assurance for complex objects in high-end equipment production. Data-driven deep learning shows robustness to feature diversity but is limited by interpretability and accuracy. The traditional vision scheme is reliable and can achieve high accuracy, but its adaptability is insufficient. The deeper reason is the lack of appropriate architecture and integration strategies between the learning paradigm and empirical design. To this end, a learnable viewpoint evolution algorithm for high-accuracy pose estimation of complex assembled products under free view is proposed. To alleviate the balance problem of exploration and optimization in estimation, shape-constrained virtual–real matching, evolvable feasible region, and specialized population migration and reproduction strategies are designed. Furthermore, a learnable evolution control mechanism is proposed, which integrates a guided model based on experience and is cyclic-trained with automatically generated effective trajectories to improve the evolution process. Compared to the 1.69°,55.67 mm of the state-of-the-art data-driven method and the 1.28°,77.67 mm of the classic strategy combination, the pose estimation error of complex assembled product in this study is 0.23°,23.71 mm, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed method. Meanwhile, through in-depth exploration, the robustness, parameter sensitivity, and adaptability to the virtual–real appearance variations are sequentially verified.