bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age at menopause and risk of ischaemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Jie , Chen Ying 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Aims
Despite ischaemic stroke having much importance as one of the top 10 causes of death in older women, there are limited data on age at menopause and ischaemic stroke. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the effect of age at menopause on ischaemic stroke.

Methods and results
We screened four databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases) up to 17 July 2023. This systematic review was reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023444245). Data extraction and quality assessment were independently undertaken by two reviewers. A random-effects model was used for meta-analysis using Revman5.4 to calculate the risk ratio of the incidence of ischaemic stroke. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2. Meta-regression and assessment for bias were performed. Out of 725 records identified, 10 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and the quantitative meta-analysis. The pooled incidence rate for ischaemic strokes which age at menopause before 43 years old was 1.22 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02–1.46]. The pooled incidence rate of early menopause was 1.26 (95% CI: 1.07–1.48) for ischaemic stroke. The incidence rate of ischaemic stroke for women with early menopause may be in an environment with a high incidence for a long time.

Conclusion
This meta-analysis suggests that early menopause is associated with an increased risk of ischaemic stroke. Age at onset of menopause before 43 years old may be the cut-off value of increased risk of ischaemic stroke.
Misperceptions, Depression, and Voting for Election Deniers in the United States
Authors: Baum Matthew A , Druckman James N , Ognyanova Katherine , Schulman Jonathan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Two of the most significant concerns about the contemporary United States are the erosion of democratic institutions and the high rate of depression. We provide evidence connecting these phenomena. We use a survey (N = 11,517) to show a relationship between misperceptions (about COVID-19 vaccines) and voting, in 2022, for gubernatorial candidates who denied or cast doubt on the legitimacy of the 2020 election results. We further predict and find that the presence of moderately severe-to-severe depressive symptoms exacerbates the relationship between misperceptions and voting for election deniers or doubters. The results offer insight into the links between misperceptions, depression, and democratic backsliding (i.e., supporting candidates who challenge election results). We also contribute to a growing line of research on how mental health affects democratic functioning, potentially worldwide.
The Nuclear Nonproliferation Regime as a “Failed Promise”: Contestation and Self-Undermining Dynamics in a Liberal Order
Authors: Tannenwald Nina 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT) forms the core of the most prominent multilateral security governance regime of the liberal international order (LIO). Despite being a widely supported and remarkably successful security regime to prohibit the spread of nuclear weapons, NPT politics have become increasingly polarized. In this article, I analyze contestation and self-undermining dynamics in the nuclear regime. The NPT is a strongly institutionalized but weakly liberal regime. However, it is unevenly institutionalized. Patterns of contestation in the regime derive from these characteristics. The basic source of contestation is the fundamental inequality between the nuclear “haves” and “have-nots.” Specifically, dissatisfied states seek to strengthen the rules and obligations in the less institutionalized domain. I argue that when efforts at order-consistent reform fail, states shift to a more radical strategy of liberal counter-institutionalization to pursue their goal of equality. Nonnuclear states have long been dissatisfied with the uneven distribution of the burdens and benefits of the regime, and especially the nuclear-armed states’ failure to pursue their obligation of disarmament. Most of the contestation in the NPT over the decades has been order-consistent and pursued “liberal reform.” However, when proponents of nuclear disarmament failed to achieve meaningful progress through the NPT, they shifted to a liberal counter-institutionalization strategy and adopted an entirely new legal instrument, the 2017 Nuclear Prohibition Treaty, to pursue disarmament. This was a direct—but liberal—challenge to the existing suborder. This treaty, which prohibits nuclear weapons for all, legalizes the NPT obligation to pursue disarmament.
A phase I/II study of nintedanib and capecitabine for refractory metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Boland Patrick M , Ebos John M L , Attwood Kristopher , Mastri Michalis , Fountzilas Christos , Iyer Renuka V , Banker Christopher , Goey Andrew K L , Bies Robert , Ma Wen Wee , Fakih Marwan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Nintedanib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor with efficacy in bevacizumab-resistant colorectal cancer models. This phase I/II study evaluated the recommended phase II dose and efficacy of nintedanib and capecitabine in refractory metastatic colorectal cancer.

Methods
Key eligibility criteria included refractory metastatic colorectal cancer and ECOG performance status of 1 or lower. The primary endpoint was 18-week progression-free survival (PFS). A 1-sided binomial test (at α = .1) compared the observed 18-week PFS with a historic control of .25.

Results
Forty-two patients were enrolled, including 39 at the recommended phase II dose. The recommended phase II dose was established to be nintedanib 200 mg by mouth twice daily and capecitabine 1000 mg/m2 by mouth twice daily. The protocol was evaluated for efficacy in 36 patients. The 18-week PFS was 42% (15/36 patients; P = .0209). Median PFS was 3.4 mo. Median overall survival was 8.9 mo. Sixteen (44%) patients experienced a grade 3/4 adverse event, most commonly fatigue (8%), palmoplantar erythrodysesthesia (8%), aspartate aminotransferase elevation (6%), asthenia (6%), pulmonary embolus (6%), and dehydration (6%). Osteopontin levels at cycle 1, day 1 and cycle 3, day 1 as well as ΔCCL2 levels correlated to disease control at 18 weeks.

Conclusions
The combination of nintedanib and capecitabine is well tolerated. Clinical efficacy appears to be superior to regorafenib or tipiracil hydrochloride monotherapy. Further investigation of similar combinations is warranted.

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier
NCT02393755
Stormwise: Innovative Forest Management to Promote Storm Resistance in Roadside Forests
Authors: Worthley Thomas , Bunce Amanda , Morzillo Anita T , Witharana Chandi , Zhu Zhe , Cabral Jacob , Crocker Emlyn , Cranmer Nicholas , DiFalco Steven , Hale Daniel , Joshi Durga , Kloster Danielle P , Marek Nancy , Parent Jason , Rogers Julia , Rudnicki Mark , Song Kexin , Volin John , Ward Jeffrey , Wedagedara Harshana , Fahey Robert T 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A growing proportion of forested landscapes are interspersed with human infrastructure, such as utility lines and roads, increasing the potential for tree-failure consequences due to storms and other causes. Utilities and other institutions have strong incentives to reduce such interactions and allocate substantial resources to risk reduction, but trees and forests in densely populated landscapes also provide significant amenities to society. We present a generalized framework for “Stormwise” forest management, focused on resistance of roadside forests to storms, based on elements of arboricultural and silvicultural practice and tree biomechanics and architecture. We detail results of a multidisciplinary research program focused on management outcomes, opportunities and barriers to implementation, and allocation of investment based on physical and social landscape characteristics. We discuss initial findings, the potential for widespread adoption of resilience-focused management in roadside and infrastructure-adjacent forests, and the importance of such work, considering a changing climate.
Study Implications: The research and implementation program we detail here illustrates the potential for “Stormwise” forest management to reduce storm-damage recovery costs, result in fewer and shorter-duration power and transportation interruptions, and allow for low-investment ground-based management in future forest entries. We illustrate a multifaceted, interdisciplinary research program that links the geospatial, social, and biophysical components of understanding forest infrastructure systems. We illustrate how implementation of Stormwise management has the potential to benefit stakeholders such as residents and utilities, offset the substantial economic costs of tree-related power outages, and reduce societal disruptions associated with interactions between trees and infrastructure during storms.
Unveiling Motivations: Military Women's Incorporation into the Brazilian Armed Forces
Authors: Neumann Isabella , Pagliari Graciela de Conti 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This article offers a meticulous examination of the underlying incentives that led to the integration of women into the Brazilian Armed Forces. Employing content analysis and discourse analysis, the present study investigates a range of legal landmarks, legislative propositions, presidential communiqués, and parliamentary transcripts spanning the time spectrum from 1930 to 2020. In doing so, it constructs a historical panorama that elucidates the multifaceted and sometimes incongruous trajectory of the incorporation of military women into the fabric of the Brazilian military institution. The discerned results of this investigation conclude that a confluence of factors drove the inclusion of women in the military ranks. These factors include the need for a greater workforce, alignment with international conventions, and the projection of a modern symbol of the Armed Forces in the domestic environment—while gender parity remained a secondary objective.
Using the consolidated framework for implementation research to identify challenges and opportunities for implementing a reproductive health education program into sickle cell disease care
Authors: Colton Zachary A , Liles Sophia M , Griffith Megan M , Stanek Charis J , Walden Joseph , King Allison , Barnard-Kirk Toyetta , Creary Susan , Nahata Leena 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
As survival rates for individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD) increase, calls have been made to improve their reproductive healthcare and outcomes. The research team created a web-based program entitled Fertility edUcaTion to Understand ReproductivE health in Sickle cell disease (FUTURES). The study aim was to use the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) during pre-implementation to identify challenges and opportunities from the individual to systems level of implementation to ultimately optimize the integration of FUTURES into clinical practice.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with clinicians, research team members, and adolescent and young adult (AYA) males with SCD and their caregivers who participated in pilot testing. Interviews (N = 31) were coded inductively and then mapped onto CFIR domains (i.e., outer setting, inner setting, characteristics of individuals, and intervention characteristics).

Results
Research team interviews indicated the lack of universal guidelines for reproductive care in this population and gaps in reproductive health knowledge as key reasons for developing FUTURES, also highlighting the importance of collaboration with community members during development. Clinicians reported intraorganizational communication as essential to implementing FUTURES and discussed challenges in addressing reproductive health due to competing priorities. Clinicians, AYAs, and caregivers reported positive views of FUTURES regarding length, engagement, accessibility, and content. Suggestions for the best setting and timing for implementation varied.

Conclusions
Using CFIR during the pre-implementation phase highlighted challenges and opportunities regarding integrating this program into SCD care. These findings will inform adaptation and further testing of FUTURES to ensure effective implementation of this novel education program.
Enhancing biliary structure identification using percutaneous cholecystostomy drain delivery of indocyanine green: a glowing two case review
Authors: Alexander Peter , Marcucci Vincent , Torres Patricia , Cassidy Jillian , Kipnis Seth , Arumugam Dena 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The use of indocyanine green for fluorescent cholangiography in patients with cholecystitis initially treated with percutaneous cholecystostomy drainage catheters was described in this two case series. Two patients underwent robotic assisted cholecystectomy with fluorescent cholangiography and indocyanine green through percutaneous cholecystostomy drainage catheters. The patients were diagnosed with acute cholecystitis. Directed injection of indocyanine green allowed for direct visualization of the biliary system allowing for a safe identification of the critical view of safety. Injection of indocyanine green for fluorescent cholangiography through percutaneous cholecystostomy drainage catheters is reliable to assess the critical view of safety and allows for improved identification of the biliary tree anatomy. Administration of indocyanine green through the percutaneous cholecystostomy drainage catheters avoided background hepatic fluorescence and increased contrast between biliary structures.
An imaging and diagnostic conundrum—the adrenal haemangioma
Authors: Tan Tiffany , Diab Jason , Chia Philip , Singh Amandeep , Campbell Peter , Guevara Ronald 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The adrenal haemangioma, a rare benign vascular tumour, is increasingly detected through abdominal imaging. Just over 70 surgical cases have been reported since 1955. Their potential large size and overlapping imaging features with adrenocortical carcinoma poses a diagnostic challenge. Adrenalectomy is often needed for a definitive diagnosis due to inconclusive imaging. We report the case of a 61-year-old female presenting with an incidental finding of a right-sided 9.5-cm adrenal mass on imaging. Due to the risk of adrenocortical carcinoma with inconclusive imaging findings, an open right adrenalectomy was performed. The patient was discharged after 6 days with no complications. Post-surgical histopathology confirmed a diagnosis of adrenal haemangioma with a secondary adrenal pseudocyst. The presence of an adrenal incidentaloma with discordant radiological features proves to be a diagnostic conundrum. Therefore, in the setting of contradictory radiology and concerning mass size, we recommend adrenalectomy for definitive diagnosis of an adrenal haemangioma.
Cellular senescence induced by down-regulation of PTBP1 correlates with exon skipping of mitochondrial-related gene NDUFV3
Authors: Yang Yu , Wen Haimei , Li Yuxin , Zeng Xin , Wei Gang , Gu Zhenglong , Ni Ting 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
As the most prevalent type of alternative splicing in animal cells, exon skipping plays an important role in expanding the diversity of transcriptome and proteome, thereby participating in the regulation of diverse physiological and pathological processes such as development, aging, and cancer. Cellular senescence serving as an anti-cancer mechanism could also contribute to individual aging. Although the dynamic changes of exon skipping during cellular senescence were revealed, its biological consequence and upstream regulator remain poorly understood. Here, by using human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF) replicative senescence as a model, we discovered that splicing factor PTBP1 was an important contributor for global exon skipping events during senescence. Down-regulated expression of PTBP1 induced senescence-associated phenotypes and related mitochondrial functional changes. Mechanistically, PTBP1 binds to the third exon of mitochondrial complex I subunit coding gene NDUFV3 and protects the exon from skipping. We further confirmed that exon skipping of NDUFV3 correlates with and partially contributes to cellular senescence and related mitochondrial functional changes upon PTBP1 knockdown. Together, we revealed for the first time that mitochondrial-related gene NDUFV3 is a new downstream target for PTBP1-regulated exon skipping to mediate cellular senescence and mitochondrial functional changes.
A study of Galactic Plane Planck Galactic cold clumps observed by SCOPE and the JCMT Plane Survey
Authors: Eden D J , Liu Tie , Moore T J T , Di Francesco J , Fuller G , Kim Kee-Tae , Li Di , Liu S -Y , Plume R , Tatematsu Ken’ichi , Thompson M A , Wu Y , Bronfman L , Butner H M , Currie M J , Garay G , Goldsmith P F , Hirano N , Johnstone D , Juvela M , Lai S-P , Lee C W , Mannfors E E , Olguin F , Pattle K , Park Geumsook , Polychroni D , Rawlings M , Rigby A J , Sanhueza P , Traficante A , Urquhart J S , Weferling B , White G J , Yadav R K 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
We have investigated the physical properties of Planck Galactic Cold Clumps (PGCCs) located in the Galactic Plane, using the JCMT Plane Survey (JPS) and the SCUBA-2 Continuum Observations of Pre-protostellar Evolution (SCOPE) survey. By utilizing a suite of molecular-line surveys, velocities, and distances were assigned to the compact sources within the PGCCs, placing them in a Galactic context. The properties of these compact sources show no large-scale variations with Galactic environment. Investigating the star-forming content of the sample, we find that the luminosity-to-mass ratio (L/M) is an order of magnitude lower than in other Galactic studies, indicating that these objects are hosting lower levels of star formation. Finally, by comparing ATLASGAL sources that are associated or are not associated with PGCCs, we find that those associated with PGCCs are typically colder, denser, and have a lower L/M ratio, hinting that PGCCs are a distinct population of Galactic Plane sources.
The Designed Ankyrin Repeat Protein Antiviral Ensovibep for Nonhospitalized Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019: Results From EMPATHY, a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Phase 2 Study
Authors: Kingsley Jeff , Kumarasamy Nagalingeswaran , Abrishamian Luis , Bonten Marc , Igbinadolor Awawu , Mekebeb-Reuter Martha , Rosa Jennifer , Solai Elango Damodaran , Lopez Patricia , Fustier Pierre , Goncalves Susana , Knutson Charles G , Kukkaro Petra , Legenne Philippe , Ramanathan Krishnan , Rao Shantha , Reshetnyak Evgeniya , Stavropoulou Vaia , Stojcheva Nina , Stumpp Michael T , Tietz Andreas , Soergel Marianne , Chandra Richa 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was characterized by rapid evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants, affecting viral transmissibility, virulence, and response to vaccines/therapeutics. EMPATHY (NCT04828161), a phase 2 study, investigated the safety/efficacy of ensovibep, a multispecific designed ankyrin repeat protein (DARPin) with multivariant in vitro activity, in ambulatory patients with mild to moderate COVID-19.

Methods
Nonhospitalized, symptomatic patients (N = 407) with COVID-19 were randomized to receive single-dose intravenous ensovibep (75, 225, or 600 mg) or placebo and followed until day 91. The primary endpoint was time-weighted change from baseline in log10 SARS-CoV-2 viral load through day 8. Secondary endpoints included proportion of patients with COVID-19–related hospitalizations, emergency room (ER) visits, and/or all-cause mortality to day 29; time to sustained clinical recovery to day 29; and safety to day 91.

Results
Ensovibep showed superiority versus placebo in reducing log10 SARS-CoV-2 viral load; treatment differences versus placebo in time-weighted change from baseline were −0.42 (P = .002), −0.33 (P = .014), and −0.59 (P &lt; .001) for 75, 225, and 600 mg, respectively. Ensovibep-treated patients had fewer COVID-19–related hospitalizations, ER visits, and all-cause mortality (relative risk reduction: 78% [95% confidence interval, 16%–95%]) and a shorter median time to sustained clinical recovery than placebo. Treatment-emergent adverse events occurred in 44.3% versus 54.0% of patients in the ensovibep and placebo arms; grade 3 events were consistent with COVID-19 morbidity. Two deaths were reported with placebo and none with ensovibep.

Conclusions
All 3 doses of ensovibep showed antiviral efficacy and clinical benefits versus placebo and an acceptable safety profile in nonhospitalized patients with COVID-19.
Examining a hadronic γ-ray scenario for the radiative shell and molecular clouds of the old GeV supernova remnant G298.6−0.0
Authors: Yeung Paul K H , Lee Shiu-Hang , Mizuno Tsunefumi , Bamba Aya 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Based on the 13.7 yr Fermi-LAT data, Yeung, Bamba, and Sano (2023, PASJ, 75, 384) claimed detection of two γ-ray sources (namely Src-NE and Src-NW) associated with the supernova remnant (SNR) G298.6−0.0, and interpreted it as an old GeV SNR interacting with molecular clouds (MCs). In this follow-up study, we refine the flux measurements below 2 GeV with Fermi-LAT event types of better angular reconstruction. Then, we report our γ-ray spectral fittings and cosmic-ray phenomenology in a hadronic scenario, considering both the shell and MC regions of SNR G298.6−0.0. We confirm that the γ-ray spectra of both Src-NE and Src-NW exhibit spectral breaks, at $1.50_{-0.50}^{+0.60}$ and $0.68_{-0.11}^{+0.32}\:$GeV, respectively. Src-NW has a harder broad-band photon index than Src-NE, suggesting an appreciable difference between the physical separations of their respective emission sites from SNR G298.6−0.0. The cosmic-ray spectrum responsible for Src-NE starts with a minimum energy $E_\mathrm{CR,min}=1.38_{-0.16}^{+0.47}\:$GeV, and has a proton index $\Gamma _\mathrm{CR}=2.57_{-0.21}^{+0.18}$ below the exponential cutoff energy $E_\mathrm{CR,max}=240_{-150}^{+240}\:$GeV. Accordingly, we argue that Src-NE is dominated by the SNR shell, while only a minor portion of lower-energy emission is contributed by the MCs interacting with the SNR. The cosmic-ray population for Src-NW starts at a higher energy such that the ECR, min ratio of Src-NW to Src-NE is ≳2. The high ECR, min, as well as the high cosmic-ray energy density required (∼26 eV cm−3), supports the interpretation that Src-NW is predominantly the γ-ray emission from the farther MCs being bombarded by protons that had earlier escaped from SNR G298.6−0.0. By comparing the high-energy features of G298.6−0.0 with those of analogical SNRs, especially SNR W 28 and SNR W 44, we further constrain the age of SNR G298.6−0.0 to be 10–30 kyr, under the assumption of a purely hadronic scenario.