bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic utility of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in discriminating immature teratoma: Insights from a case series
Authors: Akçay Ahmet , Dönmez Zeynep , Peker Abdusselim Adil , Toprak Hüseyin , Gültekin Mehmet Ali 
Published: May 2024

AbstractImmature teratomas (IT) are rare germ cell tumors with malignant behavior, distinct from the benign mature teratomas. Clinical differentiation poses challenges, demanding a comprehensive, multidisciplinary diagnostic approach. This case series delves into the detailed radiological imaging findings of ITs. Pelvic MRI was conducted on five cases with adnexal masses, all of which were histopathologically confirmed as ITs. Radiologically, larger tumor size and scattered fatty components were key diagnostic indicators. This study underlines the importance of comprehensive evaluation in IT diagnosis and management, with MRI as an essential tool in the clinical workflow.
Association of health confidence with hospital length of stay and readmission
Authors: Brown Ashley E. , Press Valerie G. , Meltzer David O. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundLength of stay (LOS) is an important measure of hospital quality and may be impacted by patient participation. However, concepts of patient participation, like health confidence, have received little examination in hospitalized patients' LOS, especially in diverse populations.ObjectiveTo determine if the Health Confidence Score (HCS) is associated with hospital LOS and readmission in a socioeconomically diverse population.Designs, Settings, and ParticipantsWe conducted a prospective cohort study in 2022 of adult general medicine patients at an academic hospital in Chicago, Illinois.InterventionNone.Main Outcome and MeasuresPatient‐reported responses to the HCS (scored 0 [lowest health confidence] to ‒12 [highest health confidence]), as well as demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical questions, were collected. Primary outcome was LOS and secondary outcomes were 30‐ and 90‐day readmission.ResultsAmong 2797 socioeconomically diverse patients who completed the survey (response rate 28.5%), there was an average HCS of 9.19 (SD 2.68, range 0–12). Using linear regression, patients with high HCS (HCS ≥ 9) had a 1.53‐day lower LOS (p < .01, 95% confidence interval [CI] [–2.11, –0.95]) than patients with a low HCS (HCS < 9). This association remained when examining individual HCS questions and controlling for covariates. In logistic regression, HCS was not significantly associated with readmission, but the question “I am involved in decisions about me” (adjusted model: odds ratio 0.83; 95% CI [0.71, 0.96]; p = .01) was associated with 90‐day readmission.
2D Materials‐Based Pulsed Solid‐State Laser: Status and Prospect
Authors: He Xin , Hao Qianqian , Wang Huanli , Yu Shuang , Zhou Yu , Guo Bo , Li Linjun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPulsed solid‐state lasers comprise 2D materials as saturable absorbers that contain transparent windows of the atmosphere and characteristic fingerprint spectra of several vital molecules that are significant in various applications and research. Over the past few decades, significant progress has been made in the development of narrow pulse width, high energy, high average output power, high efficiency, and simple construction of passively Q‐switched and mode‐locked lasers with 2D materials as saturable absorbers. This review summarizes the development of 2D materials, including graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorus, topological insulators, and MXenes, as modulator devices for solid‐state lasers owing to their broadband operation, excellent nonlinear optical response, low recovery time, ultrafast dynamic processing, and easy fabrication. Then, some new emerging and representative applications of pulsed solid‐state lasers are introduced and illustrated such as laser surgery, material processing, and lidar. Finally, future challenges and perspectives of pulsed solid‐state lasers with 2D materials‐based saturable absorbers are analyzed and addressed. The rapid development of pulsed solid‐state lasers with the continuous improvement of modulation technology is expected to expand opportunities for application in industry, scientific, medical, and other areas.
Multimaterial Fibers for Multifunctional Sensing Applications
Authors: Du Minghui , Lv Shichao , Qiu Jianrong , Guo Tuan , Zhou Shifeng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMultimaterial fibers, as a new generation and rapidly developed fiber materials, have been widely used in advanced photonic and optoelectronic devices, energy conversion, optogenetics, smart fabrics, artificial muscles, micro/nano fabrications, 3D printing fields, etc. The great success of multimaterial fibers are mainly benefited from their multifunctionality, outstanding performance, and scalable manufacturing capability. In this review, a comprehensive review is given on the novel sensing principles, advanced manufacture techniques, and multifunctional sensing applications of multimaterial fibers. The development history of multimaterial fibers are introduced, and the importance of the appearance of multimaterial fibers are also evaluated. In addition, the commonly used fabrication techniques of multimaterial fibers with excellent scalability are summarized, and the general design strategies and working principles of multimaterial fibers are also highlighted. Furthermore, the recent advances of multimaterial fibers in diverse meaningful applications such as optical sensing, thermal sensing, chemical sensing, deformation sensing, microfluidic sensing, acoustic sensing, physiological sensing, neural sensing, radiation detection, and magnetic sensing are summarized. The future developments and challenges of multimaterial fibers are also indicated. In summary, this review is envisioned to not only provide fabrication methods and working principles of multimaterial fibers, but also demonstrate its great potentials in practical applications.
Well‐posedness and time decay of fractional Keller–Segel–Navier‐Stokes equations in homogeneous Besov spaces
Authors: Jiang Ziwen , Wang Lizhen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the parabolic–elliptic Keller–Segel system, which is coupled to the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations through transportation and friction. It is shown that when the system is diffused by Lévy motion, the well‐posedness of the mild solution to the corresponding Cauchy problem in homogeneous Besov spaces is established by means of the Banach fixed point theorem. Furthermore, we prove the Lorentz regularity in time direction and the maximal regularity of solutions. In addition, we obtain the additional regularity and explore the time decay property of global mild solutions.
Climate change and credit risk in rural financial institutions: A study based on transition risk
Authors: Wang Jiaji , Ma Qianting , Wang Chao , Sheng Tianxiang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study empirically investigates the impact of climate change on credit risks in rural financial institutions, emphasizing transition risk. We analyzed data from 202 rural financial institutions across, China spanning 2012 to 2020. The empirical findings reveal the following: Firstly, climate change exerts an inverted U‐shaped influence on credit risks in rural financial institutions. Secondly, the inverted U‐shaped relationship is influenced by both the level of digital development and uncertainty in climate policy. Lastly, heightened levels of digital development and increased uncertainty about climate policy can mitigate the negative effects of climate change.
Halal and Makruk: Muslim archaeological fish assemblages as cultural identifiers in the Iberian Middle Ages?
Authors: Llorente‐Rodriguez Laura , Morales‐Muñiz Arturo , Roselló‐Izquierdo Eufrasia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMuslim religion has strict rules to determine what kinds of foodstuffs, and under what circumstances, are deemed appropriate for consumption. Fishes are not an exception to this rule and features such as body shape or the presence and conspicuousness of scales dictate whether certain species are acceptable or rejected. In this paper, an overview of the Iberian ichthyoarchaeological record from Muslim sites is presented to ascertain whether differences with Christian sites existed in terms of these characters and to what extent these allow one to take fish assemblages as cultural proxies of archaeological deposits. In the case of coastal (production) sites, we also consider whether the peculiarities a given fish assemblage exhibit reflect instead certain environmental features such as the biotopes where a given local fishery operated.
Enhanced high‐temperature electrical properties and charge dynamics of inorganic/organic silicone elastomer nanocomposites via nanostructure grafting and molecular trap construction
Authors: Wang Qilong , Tanaka Yasuhiro , Miyake Hiroaki , Endo Kazuki , An Yeongguk , Du Haosen , Chen Xiangrong , Paramane Ashish 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study introduces a novel strategy to enhance the high‐temperature electrical performance of the silicone elastomer (SE), while ensuring control over its thermal and mechanical properties for SiC device packaging insulation application. For the same, the ultra‐low‐content inorganic/organic SE nanocomposites are prepared and tested (at room temperature and 150°C) by grafting polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanofillers and doping organic semiconductors. It is found that grafting POSS nanofillers enhances the SE's thermal and mechanical properties. Moreover, doping the grafted SE with different organic semiconductors (ITIC, PCBM, and NTCDA) further improves its electrical properties and charge dynamics at 150°C. The optimal doping content for ITIC, PCBM, and NTCDA is found to be 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15 wt%, respectively. Among these, NTCDA exhibits superior electrical performance at 150°C. Particularly, compared to pure SE, NTCDA doping and POSS grafting reduce the electrical conductivity by an order of magnitude and increase the breakdown strength, charge hopping activation energy, and trap energy level by 65.5%, 0.20 eV and 0.73 eV, respectively. This study finds that organic semiconductors outperform nanostructures in inhibiting electron injection and immobilizing free electrons at high temperatures.Highlights
Nano‐POSS grafting enhances material properties by reinforced molecular chains.
Charge dynamics is studied by space charge and current integrated charge at HT.
Organic semiconductors improve electrical properties and charge dynamics at HT.
Organic semiconductors outperform nanofillers in immobilizing electrons at HT.
The ideal organic semiconductor doping level correlates with its energy gap.
Bellmunt risk score as a survival predictor in patients with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Büttner Thomas , Klümper Niklas , Weiten Richard , Lossin Philipp , Latz Stefan , Jacobs Carolin , Ritter Manuel , Hauser Stefan , Ellinger Jörg , Krausewitz Philipp 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe prognosis of metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is influenced by numerous individual factors. Despite various proposed prognostic models, the clinical application of these remains limited, probably due to complexity. Our study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of the Bellmunt risk score, which is well‐known for urothelial carcinoma and easily assessed, in mCRPC patients.MethodsThe Bellmunt risk score was calculated from three risk factors (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS) ≥1, serum hemoglobin <10 g/dL, presence of liver metastases) in 125 patients who received first‐line mCRPC treatment between 2005 and 2023. In addition, a modified score was established (one point each for hemoglobin <10 g/dL and the presence of liver metastases added to the ECOG PS). Associations with overall survival (OS) under first‐ and second‐line therapy were tested using Cox regression analyzes, log‐rank tests, concordance index (C‐index) and time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic.ResultsThere is a significant correlation between the level of the Bellmunt risk score and shorter OS (hazard ratio: 3.23, 95% confidence interval: 2.06–5.05; log‐rank p < 0.001; C‐index: 0.724). The semi‐quantitative modified risk score showed even better prognostic discrimination (log‐rank p < 0.001, C‐index: 0.764). The score and its dynamics were also predictive in the second‐line setting (log‐rank p < 0.001 and = 0.01; C‐index: 0.742 and 0.595).ConclusionsThe Bellmunt risk score is easy to assess and provides useful prognostic information in mCRPC, and can support physicians in their treatment decisions.
Coherent Microwave, Optical, and Mechanical Quantum Control of Spin Qubits in Diamond
Authors: Orphal‐Kobin Laura , Torun Cem Güney , Bopp Julian M. , Pieplow Gregor , Schröder Tim 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDiamond has emerged as a highly promising platform for quantum network applications. Color centers in diamond fulfill the fundamental requirements for quantum nodes: they constitute optically accessible quantum systems with long‐lived spin qubits. Furthermore, they provide access to a quantum register of electronic and nuclear spin qubits and they mediate entanglement between spins and photons. All these operations require coherent control of the color center's spin state. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the state‐of‐the‐art, challenges, and prospects of such schemes, including high‐fidelity initialization, coherent manipulation, and readout of spin states. Established microwave and optical control techniques are reviewed, and moreover, emerging methods such as cavity‐mediated spin–photon interactions and mechanical control based on spin–phonon interactions are summarized. For different types of color centers, namely, nitrogen–vacancy and group‐IV color centers, distinct challenges persist that are subject of ongoing research. Beyond fundamental coherent spin qubit control techniques, advanced demonstrations in quantum network applications are outlined, for example, the integration of individual color centers for accessing (nuclear) multiqubit registers. Finally, the role of diamond spin qubits in the realization of future quantum information applications is described.
Boosting Photocatalytic CO2 Methanation through Interface Fusion over CdS Quantum Dot Aerogels
Authors: Xu Shishun , Jiang Guocan , Zhang Hangkai , Gao Cunyuan , Chen Zhihao , Liu Zhihong , Wang Jin , Du Jun , Cai Bin , Li Zhengquan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the field of photocatalytic CO2 reduction, quantum dot (QD) assemblies have emerged as promising candidate photocatalysts due to their superior light absorption and better substrate adsorption. However, the poor contacts within QD assemblies lead to low interfacial charge transfer efficiency, making QD assemblies suffer from unsatisfactory photocatalytic performance. Herein, a novel approach is presented involving the construction of strongly interfacial fused CdS QD assemblies (CdS QD gel) for CO2 reduction. The novel CdS QD gel demonstrates outstanding photocatalytic performance for CO2 methanation, achieving a CH4 generation rate of ≈296 µmol g−1 h−1, with a selectivity surpassing 76% and an apparent quantum yield (AQY) of 1.4%. Further investigations reveal that the robust interfacial fusion in these CdS QDs not only boosts their ability to absorb visible light but also significantly promotes charge separation. The present work paves the way for utilizing QD gel photocatalysts in realizing efficient CO2 reduction and highlights the critical role of interfacial engineering in photocatalysts.
Unlocking the Power of Magnesium Batteries: Synergistic Effect of InSb‐C Composites to Achieve Superior Electrochemical Performance
Authors: Peng Xianhao , Yuan Yuan , Gu Dachong , Zheng Xingwang , Li Dajian , Wu Liang , Huang Guangsheng , Wang Jingfeng , Pan Fusheng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPure magnesium anode used in rechargeable magnesium batteries (RMB) exhibits high theoretical capacity but has been challenged by the passivation issue with conventional electrolytes. Alloy‐type anodes have the potential to surpass this issue and have attracted increasing attention. However, the kinetic performance and stabilities of conventional alloy anodes are still constrained. In this study, the InSb‐10%C anode is synthesized by a two‐step high‐energy ball milling process. The InSb‐10%C anode exhibits a remarkably high capacity of up to 448 mA h g−1, significantly improved cycle performance (234 mA h g−1 at 100 cycles) and rate performance (168 mA h g−1 at 500 mA g−1). The above‐mentioned superior performance of the InSb‐10%C anode for RMBs is attributed to the cellular graphitized amorphous carbon composite structure (CGA) which effectively refines the particle size and restricts the volume expansion. Additionally, the reduced surface electron density of InSb combined with the high conductivity resulting from graphitization enhances the Mg2+ diffusion performance. Notably, the InSb‐10%C anode demonstrates good compatibility with conventional halogen‐free salt ether‐based electrolytes in the full battery configuration.
Stable Lithium Metal Batteries Enabled by Lithiophilic Core‐Shell Nanowires on Copper Foam
Authors: Chen Guoshuai , Li Zhujie , Zhao Teng , Wang Ke , Yu Tianyang , Feng Mai , Li Li , Wu Feng , Chen Renjie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLithium (Li) metal batteries have attracted considerable research attention due to their exceptionally high theoretical capacity. However, the commercialization of Li metal batteries faces challenges, primarily attributed to uncontrolled growth of Li dendrites, which raises safety concerns and lowers coulombic efficiency. To mitigate Li dendrites growth and attain dense Li deposition, the hybrid SiO2‐Cu2O lithiophilic film applied to a 3D copper foam current collector is developed to regulate the interfacial properties for achieving even and dense Li deposition. The SiO2‐Cu2O possesses strong Li+ trapping capability through strong lithiophilicity from Cu2O. Additionally, the SiO2‐Cu2O enables uniform ion diffusion through the domain‐limiting effect of the holes in the SiO2 layer, inducing an even and dense Li plating/stripping behavior at a large capacity. Furthermore, the SiO2 layer promotes the formation of an initial high inorganic content Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) through selective preferential binding with anion and solvent molecules. When the SiO2‐Cu2O@Li anode is coupled with a LiFePO4 (LFP) cathode, the resulting full cell exhibits superior cycling stability and rate performance. These results provide a facile approach to construct a lithiophilic current collector for practical Li metal anodes.
Ultrafast‐Loaded Nickel Sulfide on Vertical Graphene Enabled by Joule Heating for Enhanced Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Shan Xinyi , Zhu Jiaqi , Qiu Zhong , Liu Ping , Zhong Yu , Xu Xueer , He Xinping , Zhang Yongqi , Tu Jiangping , Xia Yang , Wang Chen , Wan Wangjun , Chen Minghua , Liang Xinqi , Xia Xinhui , Zhang Wenkui 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe design and fabrication of a lithiophilic skeleton are highly important for constructing advanced Li metal anodes. In this work, a new lithiophilic skeleton is reported by planting metal sulfides (e.g., Ni3S2) on vertical graphene (VG) via a facile ultrafast Joule heating (UJH) method, which facilitates the homogeneous distribution of lithiophilic sites on carbon cloth (CC) supported VG substrate with firm bonding. Ni3S2 nanoparticles are homogeneously anchored on the optimized skeleton as CC/VG@Ni3S2, which ensures high conductivity and uniform deposition of Li metal with non‐dendrites. By means of systematic electrochemical characterizations, the symmetric cells coupled with CC/VG@Ni3S2 deliver a steady long‐term cycle within 14 mV overpotential for 1800 h (900 cycles) at 1 mA cm−2 and 1 mAh cm−2. Meanwhile, the designed CC/VG@Ni3S2‐Li||LFP full cell shows notable electrochemical performance with a capacity retention of 92.44% at 0.5 C after 500 cycles and exceptional rate performance. This novel synthesis strategy for metal sulfides on hierarchical carbon‐based materials sheds new light on the development of high‐performance lithium metal batteries (LMBs).
Surface Facets Reconstruction in Copper‐Based Materials for Enhanced Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
Authors: Xie Zezhong , Wang Qiushi , Yang Hao , Feng Jin , Chen Jian , Song Shuqin , Meng Changgong , Wang Kun , Tong Yexiang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe unavoidable and unpredictable surface reconstruction of metallic copper (Cu) during the electrocatalytic carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction process is a double‐edged sword affecting the production of high‐value‐added hydrocarbon products. It is crucial to control the surface facet reconstruction and regulate the targeted facets/facet interfaces, and further understand the mechanism between activity/selectivity and the reconstructed structure of Cu for CO2 reduction. Based on the current catalyst design methods, a facile strategy combining chemical reduction and electro‐reduction is proposed to achieve specified Cu(111) facets and the Cu(110)/(111) interfaces in reconstructed Cu derived from cuprous oxide (Cu2O). The surface facet reconstruction significantly boosted the electrocatalytic conversion of CO2 into multi‐carbon (C2+) products comparing to the unmodified catalyst. Theoretical and experimental analyses show that the Cu(110)/(111)s interface between Cu(110) and a small amount of Cu(111) can tailor the reaction routes and lower the reaction energy barrier of C–C coupling to ethylene (C2H4). The work will guide the surface facets reconstruction strategy for Cu‐based CO2 electrocatalysts, providing a promising paradigm to understand the structural variation in catalysts.
The Quest for Two‐Dimensional MBenes: From Structural Evolution to Solar‐Driven Hybrid Systems for Water‐Fuel‐Energy Generation and Phototherapy
Authors: Tao Junyang , Arshad Naila , Maqsood Ghazala , Asghar Muhammad Sohail , Zhu Fengshuai , Lin Liangyou , Irshad Muhammad Sultan , Wang Xianbao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe field of 2D materials has advanced significantly with the emergence of MBenes, a new material derived from the MAX phases family, a novel class of materials that originates from the MAX phases family. Herein, this article explores the unique characteristics and morphological variations of MBenes, offering a comprehensive overview of their structural evolution. First, the discussion explores the evolutionary period of 2D MBenes associated with the several techniques for synthesizing, modifying, and characterizing MBenes to tailor their structure and enhance their functionality. The focus then shifts to the defect chemistry of MBenes, electronic, catalytic, and photothermal properties which play a crucial role in designing multifunctional solar‐driven hybrid systems. Second, the recent advancements and potentials of 2D MBenes in solar‐driven hybrid systems e.g. photo‐electro catalysis, hybrid solar evaporators for freshwater and thermoelectric generators, and phototherapy, emphasizing their crucial significance in tackling energy and environmental issues, are explored. The study further explores the fundamental principles that regulate the improved photocatalytic and photothermal characteristics of MBenes, highlighting their promise for effective utilization of solar energy and remediation of the environment. The study also thoroughly assesses MBenes' scalability, stability, and cost effectiveness in solar‐driven systems. Current insights and future directions allow researchers to utilize MBenes for sustainable and varied applications. This review regarding MBenes will be valuable to early researchers intrigued with synthesizing and utilizing 2D materials for solar‐powered water‐energy‐fuel and phototherapy systems.