bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why participatory plant research now?
Authors: Correa Sofía , Charreyre Marie-Thérèse , Hamant Olivier , Thomas Mathieu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In the current polycrisis era, plant science, particularly when applied to agronomy, becomes instrumental: because our main substantial and renewable resource is plant biomass, many future solutions will depend on our ability to grow and transform plant material in a sustainable way. This also questions the way we conduct plant research and thus quantitative plant biology. In response to the increasing polarization between science and society, participatory plant research offers a pertinent framework. Far from moving away from quantitative approaches, participatory plant research builds on complexity associated with biology and situated knowledge. When researchers and citizens work together on societal issues, such friction becomes more fertile, quantitative questions become more complex, societal issues are addressed at their roots and outcomes often exceed that of top-down strategies. This article serves as an introduction to this ongoing bifurcation in plant science, using plant breeding as a key example.
Serum insulin-like growth factor 1 in young children with moderate acute malnutrition: secondary analysis of a randomized trial in Burkina Faso
Authors: Helt Thora W. , Cichon Bernardette , Fabiansen Christian , Iuel-Brockdorff Ann-Sophie , Yaméogo Charles W. , Ritz Christian , Briend André , Michaelsen Kim F. , Filteau Suzanne , Friis Henrik , Christensen Vibeke B. , Grenov Benedikte 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is an important growth factor in childhood. We aimed to investigate the impact of food supplements for treatment of moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) on serum IGF-1 (sIGF-1). Secondary analysis of a randomized 2×2×3 factorial nutrition trial was performed. Children aged 6-23 months with MAM received 2093 kJ/day as lipid-based nutrient supplement (LNS) or corn-soy blend (CSB), containing either dehulled soy or soy isolate and different quantities of dried skimmed milk (0%, 20% or 50% of total protein) for 12 weeks. The trial was double-blind with regard to soy and milk, but not to matrix (LNS vs. CSB). sIGF-1 was measured at inclusion and after 12 weeks supplementation. Of 1609 children enrolled, 1455 (90%) had sIGF-1 measured at both time points. During supplementation sIGF-1 increased 6.7 (95%CI 6.1; 7.3) ng/ml compared with an expected age-dependent decrease of 0.3 (95%CI 0.2; 0.4) ng/ml. Children who received LNS vs. CSB had lower increase in sIGF-1 (-8%, 95%CI -12; -3). The effect of LNS was partly attenuated when sIGF-1 was corrected for inflammation. Children who received soy isolate compared with dehulled soy had higher increase in sIGF-1 (6%, 95%CI 1; 12). Milk content did not affect sIGF-1. Overall, sIGF-1 increased during supplementation. The lower increase with LNS vs. CSB was only partly explained by increased inflammation with LNS, and needs further investigation. Isolate vs. dehulled soy led to a higher increase which may be due to antinutrients in dehulled soy.
A NOTE ON CHARACTER SUMS OVER SHORT MOVING INTERVALS
Authors: Harper Adam J 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We investigate the sums

$(1/\sqrt {H}) \sum _{X < n \leq X+H} \chi (n)$

, where

$\chi $

is a fixed non-principal Dirichlet character modulo a prime q, and

$0 \leq X \leq q-1$

is uniformly random. Davenport and Erdős, and more recently Lamzouri, proved central limit theorems for these sums provided

$H \rightarrow \infty $

and

$(\log H)/\log q \rightarrow 0$

as

$q \rightarrow \infty $

, and Lamzouri conjectured these should hold subject to the much weaker upper bound

$H=o(q/\log q)$

. We prove this is false for some

$\chi $

, even when

$H = q/\log ^{A}q$

for any fixed

$A> 0$

. However, we show it is true for ‘almost all’ characters on the range

$q^{1-o(1)} \leq H = o(q)$

.
Using Pólya’s Fourier expansion, these results may be reformulated as statements about the distribution of certain Fourier series with number theoretic coefficients. Tools used in the proofs include the existence of characters with large partial sums on short initial segments, and moment estimates for trigonometric polynomials with random multiplicative coefficients.
Faktorstruktur und Messkomplexität des BFI-K
Authors: Arens A. Katrin , Preckel Franzis 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung: Die Kurzversion des Big Five Inventory – der BFI-K ( Rammstedt & John, 2005 ) – ist ein im deutschen Sprachraum weit verbreitetes ökonomisches Instrument zur Erfassung der Big Five bei jungen Erwachsenen. Diese Studie untersucht die Faktorstruktur und Modellkomplexität des BFI-K bei Schülerinnen und Schülern, die in Klassenstufe 11 ( N = 1534) und 13 ( N = 1202) befragt wurden. Untersucht wird, ob methodisch-technische und inhaltliche Modellkomplexität vorliegen. Zur Untersuchung der methodisch-technischen Modellkomplexität werden korrelierte Residuen zwischen den acht zu rekodierenden Items integriert. Zur Untersuchung der inhaltlichen Modellkomplexität werden exploratorische Strukturgleichungsmodelle (ESEM) mit konfirmatorischen Faktorenanalysen verglichen. Zu beiden Messzeitpunkten zeigen ESEM-Modelle mit korrelierten Residuen die beste Modellpassung. Damit sind beide Quellen der Modellkomplexität in der Faktorstruktur des BFI-K vorhanden. Auf der Grundlage von ESEM-Modellen mit korrelierten Residuen werden Messinvarianz-Testungen über Messzeitpunkte und Geschlechtergruppen durchgeführt. Über beide Messzeitpunkte zeigen sich ein invariantes Faktormuster, invariante Ladungen und invariante Item-Intercepts, jedoch keine invarianten Residuen. Die Messinvarianz-Testungen über Geschlechtergruppen verweisen lediglich auf ein invariantes Faktormuster und invariante Ladungen.
Unexpected High Ammonia Emissions From Boreal Fires in 2021 and 2023
Authors: Chen Qiwen , Zhao Yuanhong , Zheng Bo , Zhang Lin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe climate impact of extreme boreal fires in 2021 and 2023 has drawn great attention for their record‐high CO2 emissions. However, their climate impact extends beyond carbon. Fires also emit large amounts of reactive nitrogen, which plays a crucial role in the nitrogen and carbon cycles. Through top‐down inversion of satellite observations, we estimate that the extreme boreal fires in 2021 and 2023 emitted 2.6 Tg N yr−1 and 4.9 Tg N yr−1 of NH3, respectively, which are comparable to agricultural‐intensive regions, making boreal fires the second‐largest contributor to the global reactive nitrogen budget. Unlike tropical fires, which emit more NOx than NH3, boreal fires are characterized by high NH3 emissions. With global warming likely to increase wildfire frequency, the rising NH3 emissions from boreal fires could have significant implications for the nitrogen and carbon cycles in that nitrogen‐limited region, necessitating their consideration in future climate impact assessments.
Intrinsic Spatial Scales of River Stores and Fluxes and Their Relative Contributions to the Global Water Cycle
Authors: Wade Jeffrey , David Cédric H. , Collins Elyssa L. , Denbina Michael , Cerbelaud Arnaud , Tom Manu , Reager John T. , Frasson Renato P. M. , Famiglietti James S. , Lee Tong , Gierach Michelle M. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe Earth's rivers vary in size across several orders of magnitude. Yet, the relative significance of small upstream reaches compared to large downstream rivers in the global water cycle remains unclear, challenging the determination of adequate spatial resolution for observations. Here, we use monthly simulations of river stores and fluxes to investigate the intrinsic spatial scales of the global river water cycle. We frame these scale‐dependent river dynamics in terms of observational capabilities, assessing how the size of rivers that can be resolved influences our ability to capture key global hydrologic stores and fluxes. By filtering reaches by estimated river widths, we quantify the relative contribution of global river reaches by size and estimate that over 17% of global discharge to ocean and nearly 9% of the world's river storage lies within rivers smaller than 100 m—hence revealing both strengths and limitations of current observational capabilities.
Is OSSO a Significant Contributor to the Unknown UV Absorber in Venus' Atmosphere?
Authors: Egan Joanna V. , Feng Wuhu , James Alexander D. , Manners James , Marsh Daniel R. , Lebonnois Sébastien , Lefèvre Franck , Stolzenbach Aurélien , Plane John M. C. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIt has been proposed that two isomers of the SO dimer (cis‐ and trans‐OSSO) are candidates for the unknown UV absorber in Venus' atmosphere because they have a good spectral match with the absorber, despite the low concentrations predicted by 1D photochemical models. Here OSSO chemistry (production from SO and loss by photolysis, thermal decomposition, and reaction with O and Cl) has been included in the photochemistry scheme of a 3D planetary climate model (PCM‐Venus) along with sulfur injection due to meteoric ablation. 1D multiple scattering radiative transfer modeling is then used to predict the resulting top‐of‐the‐atmosphere reflectance produced by OSSO. The modeled OSSO concentrations are shown to be ∼3 orders of magnitude too low to explain the observed absorbance levels, and the predicted ratio of the OSSO isomers provides an unsatisfactory match to the spectral shape of the unknown absorber.
Cenozoic Crustal Shortening and Structural Transition in the NW Yunnan Basin Region, SE Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wang Yuyang , Wang Yang , Morley Chris K. , Li Zhangjun , Zhang Jinjiang , Zhang Peizhen 
Published: February 2025

AbstractStriking changes in kinematics and deformation styles often occur in convergent orogens in the later stages of their tectonic evolution, such as in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, which transitioned from transpression to transtension and experienced kinematic reversal on regional fault systems since the Miocene, approximately 40 Ma after the initial collision. This shift has long been identified, but the spatial patterns of onset and driving mechanisms are controversial, hindering an understanding of the processes and dynamics of intracontinental orogeny. This issue is addressed for the NW Yunnan basin region in the SE Tibetan Plateau, by an integrative study of apatite (U‐Th)/He and fission track thermochronology along with structural and sedimentary analysis. Late Eocene to Oligocene/early Miocene approximately E‐W shortening resulted in thrust and fold systems, widespread exhumation, and topographic uplift. Combined with existing data, this region underwent a transition to transtension during the late Miocene‐Pliocene, forming basin‐and‐range style landscapes. The crustal deformation and kinematics of major active faults based on newly processed geophysical data indicates crustal thickening in a hyper‐oblique convergent zone may have raised the crustal temperature at depth and weakened the long‐term strength of the lower crust and upper mantle, especially in the presence of water. Such lithospheric conditions are more prone to localized tectonics and can cause late‐stage orogenic gravitational collapse, driving striking structural transition in the NW Yunnan basin region.
Modeling of Low‐Velocity Non‐Darcian Flow With Nonlinear Consolidation in a Leaky Aquifer System Induced by a Fully Penetrating Confined Well
Authors: Meng Xianmeng , Zhang Wenjuan , Wang Qu , Yin Maosheng , Liu Dengfeng 
Published: February 2025

AbstractExisting groundwater flow models for leaky aquifer systems rarely consider the consolidation effects of aquitards. Neglecting these effects can significantly impact the accuracy of groundwater flow simulations within such systems. To address this issue, this paper develops a model that describes unsteady flow within a leaky aquifer system incorporating nonlinear consolidation. The flow in both unconfined and confined aquifers is radial one‐dimensional Darcian flow, whereas the flow in the aquitard is vertical one‐dimensional non‐Darcian flow, considering nonlinear consolidation. The finite difference method is used to solve the model, and the difference between the results obtained with and without considering consolidation effects is examined. The findings indicate that the groundwater head in the confined aquifer, when considering the effects of consolidation, is higher than that in the confined aquifer without consolidation effects. Initially, this difference in confined groundwater head increases rapidly with time, and then progressively decreases. The magnitude of this difference is positively correlated with the aquitard's compressibility index and permeability index, as well as with the pumping rate. Conversely, it is negatively correlated with the aquitard's threshold hydraulic gradient and initial void ratio, the confined aquifer's hydraulic conductivity and specific storage, and the unconfined aquifer's hydraulic conductivity and specific yield. During the early period of pumping, the difference is positively correlated with the aquitard's initial vertical hydraulic conductivity; however, this correlation reverses in the late period of pumping. Finally, a case study is employed to validate the effectiveness of the developed model.
Keeping them distant for ultimate brightness
Authors: Stremel Maximilian , Suta Markus 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
While strong absorption is best achieved with high activator concentrations, luminescence brightness typically suffers in that case due to energy migration and concentration quenching. The teams around Xia and Zhong have reported about an aphthitalite-type Eu-activated phosphate that breaks with this paradigm and enables the sustainment of high photoluminescence quantum yields (>40%) up to concentrations as high as 70 mol% Eu. Mixing of that phosphor with a low (0.8%) and high (70%) Eu fraction results in almost natural white light with excellent color rendition and correlated color temperature that could serve as a new instructive concept for next-generation phosphor-converted white LEDs.
Study of the protrusion of through-silicon vias in dual annealing-CMP processes for 3D integration
Authors: Liu Tianjian , Wang Shizhao , Dong Fang , Xi Yang , Zhang Yunpeng , He Tao , Sun Xiang , Liu Sheng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The technology of through-silicon via (TSV) is extensively employed for achieving dense 3D integration. TSV facilitates the electrical interconnection of various layers of integrated circuits in a vertical orientation, thereby allowing for the creation of sophisticated and space-efficient systems that incorporate diverse functionalities. This work reports TSV fabrication with dual annealing-CMP processes to explore the influence of annealing and CMP processes on the evolution of TSV-Cu microstructures and protrusions. The results show that the dual CMP process can effectively reduce protrusion at high temperatures. The Cu protrusion height increased as both the annealing temperature and duration increased, which was consistent with the high-temperature annealing results, whereas a random phenomenon occurred under 250 °C annealing. A phase field model related to the TSV grain size was established to quantitatively explore the grain morphology distribution and thermal-mechanical behavior. The results show that the strain in copper is nonuniform and that the degree of plastic deformation for each grain is closely related to its distribution. The quantity of grains within the TSV is the most important factor for protrusion. As the average grain size increases, the prominence of copper grain protrusions within TSV intensifies, and the anisotropy of the Cu grains becomes more pronounced. The thermal-mechanical behavior strongly depends on the grain orientation near the top of the TSV, which can cause TSV protrusion irregularities. This work may provide more opportunities to design high-performance TSV preparation methods from the viewpoint of the dual CMP process.
Interface flexibility controls the nucleation and growth of supramolecular networks
Authors: Caroprese Vincenzo , Tekin Cem , Cencen Veronika , Mosayebi Majid , Asmari Navid , Liverpool Tanniemola B. , Woolfson Derek N. , Fantner Georg E. , Bastings Maartje M. C. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Supramolecular networks are abundantly present in nature and, like crystalline materials, often develop from an initial nucleation site, followed by growth based on directional interactions between components. Traditionally, the binding strength and directionality of interactions is thought to dictate nucleation and crystal growth, whereas structural flexibility favours defects. Usually, macromonomers present multiple binding sites with relative intramolecular flexibility, but the effects of such flexibility on regulating network formation have been given little attention. Here we introduce the concept of ‘interface flexibility’ and demonstrate its critical importance in the nucleation and growth of supramolecular networks. As a model system, we use trisymmetric DNA-based macromonomers, which organize into hexagonal networks through weak π–π interactions at their tips. The directional nature and low spatial tolerance of π–π interactions mean that small shifts in orientation have a large effect on effective valency. We show that too much interface flexibility disrupts network formation, regardless of affinity. Tuning the interface flexibility greatly expands the available design space for synthetic supramolecular materials.
Design and development of electrostatic brakes on the filament level
Authors: Böhnke Philippa R. C. , Schenk Nadja , Böhmer Carola , Winger Hans , Kruppke Iris , Nocke Andreas , Mersch Johannes , Altinsoy Ercan , Cherif Chokri 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Cluster of Excellence ‘Centre for Tactile Internet with Human-in-the-Loop (CeTI)’1 addresses developments and inventions for the use in or as smart devices in many areas, such as Industry 4.0, medicine and skill learning. The application of sensor units in smart textiles is widespread and used in various industry branches. Besides sensors, the development of textile actuating units is a relevant research topic. This paper discusses a theoretical actuator concept that leads to a ready-to-implement fiber-based electrostatic brake concept (passive actuator). Generally, the set-up is similar to a capacitor. Two different variants are presented according to the design of the dielectric and outer electrode layer. The dielectric material, its thickness, manufacturing process, future properties and implementation possibilities of the concepts are considered. Finally, a proof of concept with first results is presented.
Understanding learning through uncertainty and bias
Authors: Bruckner Rasmus , Heekeren Hauke R. , Nassar Matthew R. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Learning allows humans and other animals to make predictions about the environment that facilitate adaptive behavior. Casting learning as predictive inference can shed light on normative cognitive mechanisms that improve predictions under uncertainty. Drawing on normative learning models, we illustrate how learning should be adjusted to different sources of uncertainty, including perceptual uncertainty, risk, and uncertainty due to environmental changes. Such models explain many hallmarks of human learning in terms of specific statistical considerations that come into play when updating predictions under uncertainty. However, humans also display systematic learning biases that deviate from normative models, as studied in computational psychiatry. Some biases can be explained as normative inference conditioned on inaccurate prior assumptions about the environment, while others reflect approximations to Bayesian inference aimed at reducing cognitive demands. These biases offer insights into cognitive mechanisms underlying learning and how they might go awry in psychiatric illness.
Comparative studies of C4F7N‐based gas mixtures as the eco‐friendly alternative to SF6 for interrupting applications
Authors: Wang Wen , Yan Xianglian , Wang Hao , Gao Keli 
Published: February 2025

AbstractTo comprehensively evaluate the feasibility of using C4F7N‐based gas mixture as arc extinguishing medium, a comparative study is performed on the variations of the multi‐physical fields, gas flow environment and decomposition characteristics of the gas mixtures. A modified theoretical basis of the arc model developed for the C4F7N‐based gas mixture is presented in the work with particular emphasis on the non‐recombination features of C4F7N. This work also experimentally studies the electrical characteristics of the gas medium and the monitored parameters are also used to calibrate the arc model. The amount change of the seven dominant decomposing by‐products is analysed as well. The results present that the C4F7N/CO2/O2 ternary gas mixture exhibits a more promising interrupting performance. Increasing the O2 concentration from 5% to 10% has less effects on the arc characteristics, but it could suppress the formation of CO. The arc behaviour of C4F7N/CO2/O2 gas mixture is also improved with increasing the velocity of the moving components. The findings provide important insights into the potential of C4F7N‐based gas mixtures as one of the sustainable and effective solutions for high‐voltage interrupting applications.
漢語量級組構搭配之實證探究
Authors: Wang Yun-Han , Yu Anwei , Hsiao Huichen S. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The “degree adverb-adjective” structure is a common means of expressing degree in Chinese and has been extensively
studied in other languages. Therefore, this structure provides an ideal focus for examining the
effects of boundedness and ordering on the configurational harmony of scalar collocations in Chinese. This study analyzes
experimental data from Chinese native speakers to investigate their usage of the “degree adverb-adjective” structure and the
factors affecting the configuration of the “degree adverb-adjective” structure. The results indicate that most experimental items
were affected by the scalar degree of the collocating adjectives and adverbs. Furthermore, Chinese native speakers’ inferences
regarding the “degree adverb-adjective” structure are influenced by the semantic constraints of the degree adverbs, which affect their collocative potential with adjectives with adjectives. Context is also a significant factor influencing the collocations in terms of the standard
shift of the predicate, thereby enabling adjectives to express different scales in varying contexts.
Ear–voice span in simultaneous interpreting
Authors: Janikowski Przemysław , Chmiel Agnieszka 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Ear–voice span (EVS) has been recognised as reflecting the cognitive processes involved in simultaneous
interpreting. This article reports on a study examining the influence on fluctuations in EVS of text-specific factors,
interpreter-specific factors and individual variation. We used naturalistic data from the Polish Interpreting Corpus (PINC), a
20,000-token bidirectional Polish–English corpus of interpretations from the European Parliament. We fitted two linear
mixed-effects models and analysed the models’ random variance structure. Our findings show that EVS is modulated by interpreting
direction, speech delivery type, source and target text speech rate, interpreter experience, selected word types, the position of
a sentence in a text and the position of a word in a sentence. Contrary to expectations, we found no effect of interpreter working
memory on EVS. Likewise, EVS was not found to be shortened for numbers and proper names and was inconsistently modulated by
gender. Finally, we also saw that individual variation was a source of EVS modulation.