bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence for involvement of GNB1L in autism
Authors: Chen Ying‐Zhang , Matsushita Mark , Girirajan Santhosh , Lisowski Mark , Sun Elizabeth , Sul Youngmee , Bernier Raphael , Estes Annette , Dawson Geraldine , Minshew Nancy , Shellenberg Gerard D. , Eichler Evan E. , Rieder Mark J. , Nickerson Deborah A. , Tsuang Debby W. , Tsuang Ming T. , Wijsman Ellen M. , Raskind Wendy H. , Brkanac Zoran 
Published: November 2011

AbstractStructural variations in the chromosome 22q11.2 region mediated by nonallelic homologous recombination result in 22q11.2 deletion (del22q11.2) and 22q11.2 duplication (dup22q11.2) syndromes. The majority of del22q11.2 cases have facial and cardiac malformations, immunologic impairments, specific cognitive profile and increased risk for schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). The phenotype of dup22q11.2 is frequently without physical features but includes the spectrum of neurocognitive abnormalities. Although there is substantial evidence that haploinsufficiency for TBX1 plays a role in the physical features of del22q11.2, it is not known which gene(s) in the critical 1.5 Mb region are responsible for the observed spectrum of behavioral phenotypes. We identified an individual with a balanced translocation 46,XY,t(1;22)(p36.1;q11.2) and a behavioral phenotype characterized by cognitive impairment, autism, and schizophrenia in the absence of congenital malformations. Using somatic cell hybrids and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) we mapped the chromosome‐22 breakpoint within intron 7 of the GNB1L gene. Copy number evaluations and direct DNA sequencing of GNB1L in 271 schizophrenia and 513 autism cases revealed dup22q11.2 in two families with autism and private GNB1L missense variants in conserved residues in three families (P = 0.036). The identified missense variants affect residues in the WD40 repeat domains and are predicted to have deleterious effects on the protein. Prior studies provided evidence that GNB1L may have a role in schizophrenia. Our findings support involvement of GNB1L in ASDs as well. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A novel target for Huntington's disease: ERK at the crossroads of signaling
Authors: Bodai László , Marsh J. Lawrence 
Published: November 2011

AbstractActivating the ERK pathway (extracellular signal‐regulated kinase pathway) has proven beneficial in several models of Huntington's disease (HD), and drugs that are protective in HD models have recently been found to activate ERK. Thus, the ERK cascade may be a potential target for therapeutic intervention in this currently untreatable disorder. HD is caused by an expanded polyglutamine repeat in the huntingtin (Htt) protein that actuates a diverse set of pathogenic mechanisms. In response to mutant Htt, ERK is activated and directs a protective transcriptional response and inhibits caspase activation. Paradoxically, Htt also interferes with several signaling events of the ERK pathway. Mutant Htt compromises the ERK‐dependent transcriptional response to corticostriatal BDNF signaling. Mutant Htt also hinders glutamate uptake from the synaptic cleft by down‐regulating ERK‐dependent expression of glutamate transporters, leaving cells vulnerable to excitotoxicity. Some of this cellular complexity can be capitalized on to achieve selective activation of ERK, which can be protective.
On the opportunistic nature of transcription and replication initiation in the metazoan genome
Authors: Sequeira‐Mendes Joana , Gómez María 
Published: November 2011

AbstractCellular identity and its response to external or internal signalling variations are encoded in a cell's genome as regulatory information. The genomic regions that specify this type of information are highly variable and degenerated in their sequence determinants, as it is becoming increasingly evident through the application of genome‐scale methods to study gene expression. Here, we speculate that the same scenario applies to the regulatory regions controlling where DNA replication starts in the metazoan genome. We propose that replication origins cannot be defined as unique genomic features, but rather that DNA synthesis initiates opportunistically from accessible DNA sites, making cells highly robust and adaptable to environmental or developmental changes.
Tissue engineering of cartilage using a mechanobioreactor exerting simultaneous mechanical shear and compression to simulate the rolling action of articular joints
Authors: Shahin Kifah , Doran Pauline M. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe effect of dynamic mechanical shear and compression on the synthesis of human tissue‐engineered cartilage was investigated using a mechanobioreactor capable of simulating the rolling action of articular joints in a mixed fluid environment. Human chondrocytes seeded into polyglycolic acid (PGA) mesh or PGA–alginate scaffolds were precultured in shaking T‐flasks or recirculation perfusion bioreactors for 2.5 or 4 weeks prior to mechanical stimulation in the mechanobioreactor. Constructs were subjected to intermittent unconfined shear and compressive loading at a frequency of 0.05 Hz using a peak‐to‐peak compressive strain amplitude of 2.2% superimposed on a static axial compressive strain of 6.5%. The mechanical treatment was carried out for up to 2.5 weeks using a loading regime of 10 min duration each day with the direction of the shear forces reversed after 5 min and release of all loading at the end of the daily treatment period. Compared with shaking T‐flasks and mechanobioreactor control cultures without loading, mechanical treatment improved the amount and quality of cartilage produced. On a per cell basis, synthesis of both major structural components of cartilage, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen type II, was enhanced substantially by up to 5.3‐ and 10‐fold, respectively, depending on the scaffold type and seeding cell density. Levels of collagen type II as a percentage of total collagen were also increased after mechanical treatment by up to 3.4‐fold in PGA constructs. Mechanical treatment had a less pronounced effect on the composition of constructs precultured in perfusion bioreactors compared with perfusion culture controls. This work demonstrates that the quality of tissue‐engineered cartilage can be enhanced significantly by application of simultaneous dynamic mechanical shear and compression, with the greatest benefits evident for synthesis of collagen type II. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:1060–1073. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Single pass tangential flow filtration to debottleneck downstream processing for therapeutic antibody production
Authors: Dizon‐Maspat Jemelle , Bourret Justin , D'Agostini Anna , Li Feng 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAs the therapeutic monoclonal antibody (mAb) market continues to grow, optimizing production processes is becoming more critical in improving efficiencies and reducing cost‐of‐goods in large‐scale production. With the recent trends of increasing cell culture titers from upstream process improvements, downstream capacity has become the bottleneck in many existing manufacturing facilities. Single Pass Tangential Flow Filtration (SPTFF) is an emerging technology, which is potentially useful in debottlenecking downstream capacity, especially when the pool tank size is a limiting factor. It can be integrated as part of an existing purification process, after a column chromatography step or a filtration step, without introducing a new unit operation. In this study, SPTFF technology was systematically evaluated for reducing process intermediate volumes from 2× to 10× with multiple mAbs and the impact of SPTFF on product quality, and process yield was analyzed. Finally, the potential fit into the typical 3‐column industry platform antibody purification process and its implementation in a commercial scale manufacturing facility were also evaluated. Our data indicate that using SPTFF to concentrate protein pools is a simple, flexible, and robust operation, which can be implemented at various scales to improve antibody purification process capacity. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:962–970. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Selling Mobility instead of Cars: New Business Strategies of Automakers and the Impact on Private Vehicle Holding
Authors: Firnkorn Jörg , Müller Martin 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTThis article considers the business strategy of an automaker entering the car‐sharing market. Given the high growth of the car‐sharing industry, this could become a new business segment and simultaneously have effects on branding. The considered case is a car‐sharing system called car2go, which was launched by Daimler in 2009. An empirical analysis based on primary data (N = 1881) indicates that private vehicles are reduced as a consumer reaction. This constitutes a potential for environmental gains, as shared and consecutively used cars require less of production resources compared to a higher number of private cars being bought, driven and parked individually. Implications for public policy are that the allocation of public space to car‐sharing systems could result in a net gain of space in cities. Policy makers should also consider the dependency of car‐sharing schemes on municipal support regarding parking spaces and they should anticipate the upcoming electrification. This is the first study on a large‐scale car‐sharing system operated by an automaker using retrospective primary data. It contributes to the assessment of the current trend of car manufacturers launching car‐sharing schemes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Selective Adsorption of Proteins on Single‐Wall Carbon Nanotubes by Using a Protective Surfactant
Authors: Knyazev Anton , Louise Loïc , Veber Michèle , Langevin Dominique , Filoramo Arianna , Prina‐Mello Adriele , Campidelli Stéphane 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe dispersion of highly hydrophobic carbon materials such as carbon nanotubes in biological media is a challenging issue. Indeed, the nonspecific adsorption of proteins occurs readily when the nanotubes are introduced in biological media; therefore, a methodology to control adsorption is in high demand. To address this issue, we developed a bifunctional linker derived from pyrene that selectively enables or prevents the adsorption of proteins on single‐wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). We demonstrated that it is possible to decrease or completely suppress the adsorption of proteins on the nanotube sidewall by using proper functionalization (either covalent or noncovalent). By subsequently activating the functional groups on the nanotube derivatives, protein adsorption can be recovered and, therefore, controlled. Our approach is simple, straightforward, and potentially suitable for other biomolecules that contain thio or amino groups available for coupling.
Mechanism Selection for Regiocontrol in Base‐Assisted, Palladium‐Catalysed Direct CH Coupling with Halides: First Approach for Oxazole‐ and Thiazole‐4‐Carboxylates
Authors: Théveau Laure , Verrier Cécile , Lassalas Pierrik , Martin Thibaut , Dupas Georges , Querolle Olivier , Van Hijfte Luc , Marsais Francis , Hoarau Christophe 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBoth base‐assisted non‐concerted metallation–deprotonation (nCMD) and concerted metallation–deprotonation (CMD) have been identified as two potent operating mechanisms in palladium‐catalysed direct CH coupling of oxazole and thiazole‐4‐carboxylate esters with halides through base‐ and solvent‐effect experiments. Novel C2‐ and C5‐selective CMD direct arylation procedures in oxazole‐ and thiazole‐4‐carboxylate series were then designed by controlling the balance between electronic and steric factors. Notably, charge interactions between the palladium catalyst and substrate were identified as a parameter for controlling selectivity and reducing the impact of steric factors in the CMD reaction.
Conformationally Constrained Sequence Designs to Bias Monomer–Dimer Equilibriums in TASP Systems
Authors: Freeman Jon O. , Sherman John C. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe have designed template‐assembled synthetic proteins (TASPs) with the intent of controlling their oligomeric state by stabilizing specific helical tertiary structures via histidine metal ion chelation or disulfide incorporation. In solution, cavitein Q4 was previously determined to interconvert between a four‐helix bundle monomer and an eight‐helix bundle dimer. In this paper, we show that judicious mutation of cavitein Q4 can stabilize either the monomeric parallel four‐helix bundle or the dimeric antiparallel eight‐helix bundle structure. Cavitein Q4‐E3H, designed to be dimeric, is indeed biased toward dimerization as a result of incorporation of histidines. Moreover, the addition of nickel was found to further increase the association constant of dimerization. Similarly, a cavitein designed to stabilize the monomeric structure via histidine metal ion chelation (Q4‐H) was found to favor a monomer in solution upon addition of nickel. Lastly, a cavitein intended to stabilize a monomeric structure via disulfide incorporation (Q4‐C2) is reported. Surprisingly, this disulfide cavitein yielded two products upon oxidation suggesting disulfide formation both above the cavitand template and below may be possible. Nevertheless, the two disulfide caviteins were shown to exist as monomers as per their design.
ChemInform Abstract: The Crystal Structures of Two Anhydrous Magnesium Hydroxychloride Phases from in situ Synchrotron Powder Diffraction Data.
Authors: Dinnebier Robert E. , Halasz Ivan , Freyer Daniela , Hanson Jonathan C. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe dehydration of 3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O and 5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O phases and the crystal structures of the products Mg(OH)1.7Cl0.3 (I) and MgOHCl (II) are studied by in situ synchrotron poder diffraction data at high temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: The Crystal and Molecular Structure of γ‐P4S6.
Authors: Roedl Thomas , Pfitzner Arno 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe crystal structure of the title compound, prepared from equimolar amounts of P4S3 and FeCl3 in a 2:1 mixture of CS2 and CHCl3 (Ar, 8 weeks), is determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Phase Transition in the S=1/2 Kagome System Cs2ZrCu3F12 and a Comparison to the Valence‐Bond‐Solid Phase in Rb2SnCu3F12.
Authors: Reisinger Sandra A. , Tang Chiu C. , Thompson Stephan P. , Morrison Finlay D. , Lightfoot Philip 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe crystal structure of the title system is determined at 295 and 125 K by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermodynamics of Hydrogen Desorption from NaMgH3 and Its Application as a Solar Heat Storage Medium.
Authors: Sheppard Drew A. , Paskevicius Mark , Buckley Craig E. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractNaMgH3 is synthesized by cryomilling (77 K) of NaH and MgH2 followed by annealing at 300 °C under 50 bar H2.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh‐Doped SrTiO3 Photocatalyst Electrode Showing Cathodic Photocurrent for Water Splitting under Visible‐Light Irradiation.
Authors: Iwashina Katsuya , Kudo Akihiko 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe title photocatalyst is prepared by pasting SrTiO3:Rh powder onto a transparent indium tin oxide electrode.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure of [Al4(OH)6(H2O)12] [Al(H2O)6]2Br12: A New Polyaluminum Compound.
Authors: Sun Zhong , Wang Hui , Feng Huijun , Zhang Ying , Du Shuangyan 
Published: November 2011

AbstractSingle crystals of the title compound are obtained from an aqueous solution containing AlBr3 and Al powder (75 °C, 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Germanium/Phosphorus Cage Compounds with Germanium in Three Different Oxidation States.
Authors: Almstaetter Stefan , Balazs Gabor , Bodensteiner Michael , Scheer Manfred 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe new mixed‐valence Ge/P cage compounds Ge7(P(tBu))4Cl6 (II) and Ge8(P(tBu))4Br6 (IV) are synthesized using monolithiated phosphines and divalent Ge halides.
ChemInform Abstract: LiSr2[TaN3]F — A Single Chain Nitridotantalate.
Authors: Pust Philipp , Schnick Wolfgang 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe title compound is obtained as a byproduct from the reaction of Sr, LiN3, AlF3, and Eu(NH2)2 in a Li metal flux (wall reaction with theTa ampule, 900 °C, 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Neptunium Thiophosphate Chemistry: Intermediate Behavior Between Uranium and Plutonium.
Authors: Jin Geng Bang , Skanthakumar S. , Haire Richard G. , Soderholm L. , Ibers James A. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBlack crystals of (III), (IV), (VI), and (VIII) are synthesized by solid state reactions and their structures are determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Stereoselective Titanium‐Mediated Aldol Reactions from Chiral α‐Silyloxy Ketones. A Reliable Tool for the Synthesis of Natural Products.
Authors: Esteve Judit , Jimenez Carme , Nebot Joaquim , Velasco Javier , Romea Pedro , Urpi Felix 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe influence of substitution pattern of α‐siloxy ketones on the reactivity in Ti‐mediated aldol reactions is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantiospecific Bromonium Ion Generation and Intramolecular Capture: A Model System for Asymmetric Bromonium Ion‐Induced Polyene Cyclizations.
Authors: Braddock D. Christopher , Marklew Jared S. , Thomas Alexander J. F. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractEnantioenriched bromohydrin derivatives (I) and (III) undergo an enantiospecific and regioselective cyclization on treatment with TfOH.
ChemInform Abstract: Crown Ether Complex Cation Ionic Liquids: Preparation and Applications in Organic Reactions.
Authors: Song Yingying , Jing Huanwang , Li Bo , Bai Dongsheng 
Published: November 2011

AbstractVarious 18‐crown‐6 and 15‐crown‐5 salts are applied as catalysts and ionic solvents in the Michael addition of alkenes and nucleophiles, Henry reaction of nitromethane with aldehydes, Knoevenagel reaction of malonitrile with aromatic aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Platinum‐Catalyzed Diastereoselective Intramolecular Coupling of Allyl Halides and Hydrazones.
Authors: Hong Jong‐Tai , Jang Hye‐Young 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe method renders possible a highly stereoselective access to cis‐substituted pyrrolidines and trans‐substituted cyclopentanes.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Oxidative Cyclization of 1,5‐Enynes Using External Oxidants.
Authors: Vasu Dhananjayan , Hung Hsiao‐Hua , Bhunia Sabyasachi , Gawade Sagar Ashok , Das Arindam , Liu Rai‐Shung 
Published: November 2011

AbstractGold‐catalyzed oxidative cyclization of o‐(aminoalkynyl)styrenes (I) and (III) in the presence of methylquinoline N‐oxide provides access towards indenecarboxamides (II) and (IV) via oxidation of the alkynyl C‐2 carbon.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Mediated Trifluoromethylation of Arylboronic Acids by Trifluoromethyl Sulfonium Salts.
Authors: Zhang Cheng‐Pan , Cai Ji , Zhou Chang‐Bing , Wang Xiao‐Ping , Zheng Xing , Gu Yu‐Cheng , Xiao Ji‐Chang 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe synthesis of compounds (III) in the ligand‐free title reaction depends on the choice of the base.
ChemInform Abstract: Room‐Temperature Rh‐Catalyzed Asymmetric 1,4‐Addition of Arylboronic Acids to Maleimides and Enones in the Presence of CF3‐Substituted MeOBIPHEP Analogues.
Authors: Le Boucher d'Herouville Florent , Millet Anthony , Scalone Michelangelo , Michelet Veronique 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBoth enantiomers of phosphines (I) efficiently promote the title process.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Nitroaldol Reaction Catalyzed by Chiral C1‐Tetrahydro‐1,1′‐bisisoquinoline—Copper(I) Complexes.
Authors: Ji Yao Qiong , Qi Gao , Judeh Zaher M. A. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAromatic and aliphatic aldehydes react smoothly with nitromethane to give the corresponding β‐nitroalcohols (III) in high yields and enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver Triflate Catalyzed Cyclopropenation of Internal Alkynes with Donor‐/Acceptor‐Substituted Diazo Compounds.
Authors: Briones John F. , Davies Huw M. L. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractOnly trace amounts of cyclopropenes are obtained when silver salts of more tightly bound counterions are used as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of gem‐Difluorinated Cyclopropanes and Cyclopropenes: Trifluoromethyltrimethylsilane as a Difluorocarbene Source.
Authors: Wang Fei , Luo Tao , Hu Jinbo , Wang Ying , Krishnan Hema S. , Jog Parag V. , Ganesh Somesh K. , Prakash G. K. Surya , Olah George A. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe Ruppert—Prakash reagent Me3Si—CF3 is an efficient source of difluorocarbene which is generated by sodium iodide or tetrabutylammonium difluorotriphenylsilicate as the initiator.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermally Induced Cycloadditions of Donor/Acceptor Carbenes.
Authors: Ovalles Stephanie R. , Hansen Joern H. , Davies Huw M. L. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractMany reactions proceed in higher yields than the previously described rhodium‐catalyzed ones, but only electron‐rich substituents cause high diastereoselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Primary Alkyl Halides with Phenylethynyl‐ and Trimethylsilylethynyllithium Reagents.
Authors: Xu Guoqiang , Li Xiaoyan , Sun Hongjian 
Published: November 2011

AbstractCompared to known methods, the use of a moisture‐stable pincer complex makes this process to proceed at milder conditions (room temperature) in shorter times.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Fluoroallylboration of Aldehydes.
Authors: Ramachandran P. Veeraraghavan , Tafelska‐Kaczmarek Agnieszka , Sakavuyi Kaumba 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA novel chiral difluoroallylboronate (I) is applied to the reaction with various aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes affording α‐gem‐difluorohomoallyl alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemically Induced Titanocene‐Mediated Reductive Opening of Epoxides.
Authors: Nikitin Oleg M. , Magdesieva Tatiana V. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractElectrocatalytic opening of styrene oxides (I) furnishing the corresponding primary alcohols (II) is accomplished using electrochemically reduced titanocene dichloride as catalyst, TmsCl as reagent for Ti‐O bond cleavage and 1,4‐cyclohexadiene as H‐atom donor to prevent side reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Stereoselective Preparation of Highly Substituted Tertiary Homoallylic Alcohols.
Authors: Takeda Takeshi , Wasa Hideki , Tsubouchi Akira 
Published: November 2011

Abstractα‐(Benzyldimethylsilyl)allylic sulfides undergo a titanocene(II)‐promoted reaction with ketones to give δ‐silylhomoallylic alcohols with high regio‐ and stereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalyzed Regio‐ and Enantioselective Allylic Trifluoromethylation of Morita—Baylis—Hillman Adducts Using Ruppert—Prakash Reagent.
Authors: Furukawa Tatsuya , Nishimine Takayuki , Tokunaga Etsuko , Hasegawa Kimiko , Shiro Motoo , Shibata Norio 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe method can be applied to a broad spectrum of substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Base Catalyzed Enantioselective Allylic Hydroxylation of Morita—Baylis—Hillman Carbonates with Water.
Authors: Zhu Bo , Yan Lin , Pan Yuanhang , Lee Richmond , Liu Hongjun , Han Zhiqiang , Huang Kuo‐Wei , Tan Choon‐Hong , Jiang Zhiyong 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIt provides a new and efficient approach to chiral Morita—Baylis—Hillman alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Practical Synthesis of Amides from Alkynyl Bromides, Amines, and Water.
Authors: Chen Zheng‐Wang , Jiang Huan‐Feng , Pan Xiao‐Yan , He Zai‐Jun 
Published: November 2011

AbstractReaction of alkynyl bromides (I) and (IV) with primary or secondary amines (II) and (V) in aqueous solution provides an efficient access towards carboxylic amides in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium/NHC‐Catalyzed Tandem Benzylic Oxidation/Oxidative Esterification of Benzylic Alcohols with Phenols.
Authors: Luo Fang , Pan Changduo , Cheng Jiang , Chen Fan 
Published: November 2011

AbstractTitle tandem benzylic oxidation—oxidative esterification represents a novel efficient access towards aryl benzoates (III) and (V) directly from benzylic alcohols (I), (IV) and phenols (II).