bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of growth in children based on 2007 Korean national growth charts
Authors: Joung Kyoung Hwa , Chung Sung Suk , Cho Soo Chul 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackground:  Postnatal growth patterns in children are associated with various factors within the birth and infancy periods. The aim of the present study was to examine the correlation between growth patterns and parameters including gestational age (GA), birthweight (BW), sex, and feeding method in the records of 61 631 children aged 6–72 months.Methods:  The data were obtained from the 2007 Korean National Growth Charts provided by the Korean Centers for Disease Control. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and multiple linear regression.Results:  BW and sex were highly correlated with weight and height by 72 months (P < 0.01), with BW being the primary predictor (P < 0.001). Sex was the second predictor of weight and height in children by 66 months (P < 0.01). Feeding method was the predictor of weight in children aged 12–48 months and 60 months (P < 0.05), and was also influential in the height of children by 48 months (P < 0.05). GA was the predictor of weight at 12 months and from 30 to 42 months (P < 0.05).Conclusion:  GA, BW, sex and feeding method were the predictors of weight and height among children at different times. Therefore, the present population‐based study strengthens the consideration of these factors for routine monitoring of growth patterns in Korean children.
Two‐stage vs mixed‐effect approach to pharmacodynamic modeling of propofol in children using state entropy
Authors: Hahn Jin‐Oh , Khosravi Sara , Dumont Guy A. , Ansermino John Mark 
Published: April 2011

SummaryObjectives:  To compare the population pharmacodynamic (PD) models of propofol in children derived using two‐stage and mixed‐effect modeling approaches.Methods:  Fifty‐two ASA 1 and 2 children aged 6–15 years presenting for gastrointestinal endoscopy were administered a loading dose of 4 mg·kg−1 of propofol intravenously at an infusion rate determined by a randomization schedule. Using the plasma concentration predicted by the Paedfusor pharmacokinetic (PK) model, the propofol effect on state entropy (SE) was modeled using the two‐stage and the mixed‐effect modeling approaches, and the final population PD models were compared with each other in terms of their prediction performance, using median percentage and absolute percentage errors as well as mean absolute weighted error as metrics. The effects of age and body weight as prospective covariates were examined.Results:  The final population models were comparable with each other; the two‐stage and the mixed‐effect approaches resulted in a ke0 of 2.38 and 2.66 min−1, γ of 5.29 and 5.68, and EC50 of 4.73 and 4.84 μg·ml−1, respectively. The bootstrap estimates of the PD parameters were mean (sd) ke0 = 2.38 (0.10), γ = 5.30 (0.30), and EC50 = 4.73 (0.14). The PD parameters did not exhibit dependence on age and body weight. The parameters reported in this study in children were different from their adult counterparts reported in previous studies.Conclusions:  Models derived using different mathematical approaches produced consistent model parameters. By virtue of its relative computational efficiency, the two‐stage approach can serve as an attractive alternative to the mixed‐effect approach in situations where data are not sparse.
Preoperative anxiety in adolescents undergoing surgery: a pilot study
Authors: Fortier Michelle A. , Martin Sarah R. , MacLaren Chorney Jill , Mayes Linda C. , Kain Zeev N. 
Published: April 2011

SummaryObjectives:  The purpose of this study was to conduct a prospective assessment of preoperative anxiety in adolescents undergoing surgery.Aim:  To systematically conduct a multimodal evaluation of preoperative anxiety in adolescents undergoing surgery.Background:  The existing literature on preoperative anxiety in children has overwhelmingly ignored adolescents in the surgical setting, yet adolescents may be at risk for under treatment of preoperative anxiety.Methods:  A total of 59 adolescents aged 11–18 were recruited. Behavioral and physiological manifestations of anxiety were assessed with a visual analog scale and an ambulatory physiological data recorder that collected heart rate (HR), skin conductance level (SCL), and blood pressure data. Baseline emotional and behavioral functioning (child behavior checklist [CBCL]) as well as temperament (early adolescent temperament questionnaire‐revised – parent version) and other potential risk factors were also assessed.Results:  Over 80% of adolescents reported significant anxiety at the time of induction. Self‐reported anxiety increased significantly at each time point (holding, separation from parents, and mask introduction), P = 0.001. Significant increases in both HR (P = 0.02) and SCL (P < 0.001) were found from holding to mask introduction. Several risk factors were found to predict higher anxiety at mask introduction, including baseline anxiety and depression (CBCL, Internalizing, P = 0.04), somatizing problems (P = 0.05), and fearful temperament (P = 0.03).Conclusions:  A large proportion of adolescents experience significant anxiety that increases from the preoperative holding area to anesthesia induction. Underlying baseline anxiety and depression as well somatization and fearful temperament are predictors of this phenomenon.
Is phylogeny driving tendon length in lizards?
Authors: Tulli María J. , Herrel Anthony , Vanhooydonck Bieke , Abdala Virginia 
Published: April 2011

AbstractTulli, M.J., Herrel, A., Vanhooydonck, B. and Abdala, V. 2012. Is phylogeny driving tendon length in lizards?—Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 93: 319–329.Tendons transmit tensile forces generated by muscles and are a crucial part of the musculoskeletal system in vertebrates. Because tendons and tendon cells respond to altered mechanical load by increasing collagen synthesis, we hypothesized that a correlation between tendon morphology and the loading regime imposed by locomotor style or habitat use exists. This makes tendons an interesting model for studying the relationship between morphology and environment. In this study, we compare the general morphology of the palmar flexor plate, the length of the digital tendons, and the length of the flexor carpi ulnaris tendon in species of lizards that exploit a variety of structural habitats. The results from statistical analyses show that phylogenetic relatedness has a major impact on our ability to detect differences between habitat groups, and no differences in tendon length could be detected between iguanian species occupying different habitats when taking into account the relatedness between species. Our data for lizards diverge from the general mammalian paradigm where variation in tendon is often associated with habitat use or locomotor style.
Pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide: a marker of depressed hypercapnic drive in Type 1 diabetes mellitus?
Authors: Fuso L. , Paladini L. , Pitocco D. , Musella T. , Contu C. , Maugeri L. , Santamaria A. P. , Varone F. , Ghirlanda G. , Antonelli Incalzi R. 
Published: April 2011

Diabet. Med. 28, 1407–1411 (2011)AbstractAims  Decreased chemosensitivity to hypercapnia, a common finding in Type 1 diabetes mellitus, seems related to autonomic neuropathy. We proposed to verify whether simple neuroautonomic cardiovascular tests or indexes of severity of diabetes and respiratory impairment can identify patients with such a dysfunction, but no clinical evidence of autonomic neuropathy.Methods  Forty patients with Type 1 diabetes, 20 with autonomic neuropathy according to the results of a standardized test battery, were studied and compared with 40 normal subjects matched by age and sex. Spirometry and pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide were performed. The chemosensitivity to hypercapnia was tested by the rebreathing method.Results  There was no significant difference between patients with and without autonomic neuropathy in chemosensitivity to hypercapnia, as expressed by the ventilation response to increasing end‐tidal pressure of carbon dioxide; however, it was lower in the whole group of patients with diabetes than in control subjects (1.71 ± 0.80 vs. 2.45 ± 1.11 l−1 min−1 mmHg, respectively, P = 0.002). No significant correlation was found between ventilation response to increasing end‐tidal pressure of carbon dioxide and the results of autonomic tests. In patients with diabetes mellitus, the ventilatory response to hypercapnia significantly correlated with pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (Spearman’s rho = 0.387, P = 0.013) and this was the only variable significantly associated with ventilation response to increasing end‐tidal pressure of carbon dioxide in a multiple regression model.Conclusions  Chemosensitivity to hypercapnia was depressed in patients with diabetes mellitus, irrespective of autonomic neuropathy, in comparison with control subjects. The correlation with pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide suggests that microcirculatory damage might contribute to depress the central chemosensitivity.
Rhetorical Institutionalism: Language, Agency, and Structure in Institutional Theory since Alvesson 1993
Authors: Green Jr Sandy Edward , Li Yuan 
Published: April 2011

abstractIn 1993, Mats Alvesson published ‘Organizations as Rhetoric’. In his paper, Alvesson proposed that knowledge was ambiguous and that rhetoric was therefore critical to the construction and operation of institutions and organizations. Moreover, he argued that in such an ambiguous and thus rhetorical world, knowledge operated as an institutionalized myth and rationality surrogate. Alvesson's insights helped inspire and initiate one of the most promising and growing areas of institutional research: rhetorical institutionalism. Rhetorical institutionalism is the deployment of linguistic approaches in general and rhetorical insights in particular to explain how institutions both constrain and enable agency. In this paper, we trace these original insights and discuss the benefits of continuing the integration of rhetorical ideas in institutional research. In addition, we propose and develop a rhetorical model of institutionalism that can spearhead research and conclude with some direct suggestions for future research.
Dreaming experience as a useful diagnostic clue for syncopal episodes
Authors: Chiesa V. , Terranova P. , Vignoli A. , Canevini M. P. 
Published: April 2011

Background:  The differential diagnosis between epileptic seizures and syncopes is a common occurrence in clinical practice. The manifestations of seizure and syncope sometimes overlap, and available diagnostic testing often not provides a conclusive answer. Syncope is often preceded by a symptom complex characterized by lightheadedness, generalized muscle weakness, giddiness, visual blurring, tinnitus, and gastrointestinal symptoms. These subjective symptoms are very important in guiding the diagnosis. In our experience, the impression of coming out of a dream after the syncopal episode is a subjective symptom commonly reported by patients, if questioned.Methods:  To verify the occurrence of dreaming experience after syncope and after generalized tonic‐clonic seizures (GTCS) and its diagnostic value in differential diagnosis, we asked 100 patients with GTCS and diagnosis of idiopathic generalized epilepsy (Group 1) and 100 patients with a certain diagnosis of syncope (Group 2) whether they have never felt the impression of coming out of a dream after the loss of consciousness (GTCS or syncope, respectively).Results:  In Group 1, nobody referred the dreaming experience, whereas in the syncope group, 19% of patients referred this subjective symptom.Conclusions:  Dreaming experience seems to be an additional useful diagnostic clue for syncopal episodes, helping the clinician to differentiate them from seizures.
Qualitative and quantitative re‐evaluation of epidermal growth factor‐ErbB1 action on developing midbrain dopaminergic neurons in vivo and in vitro: target‐derived neurotrophic signaling (Part 1)
Authors: Iwakura Yuriko , Zheng Yingjun , Sibilia Maria , Abe Yuichi , Piao Ying‐shan , Yokomaku Daisaku , Wang Ran , Ishizuka Yuta , Takei Nobuyuki , Nawa Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2011

J. Neurochem. (2011) 10.1111/j.1471‐4159.2011.07287.xAbstractAlthough epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (ErbB1) is implicated in Parkinson’s disease and schizophrenia, the neurotrophic action of ErbB1 ligands on nigral dopaminergic neurons remains controversial. Here, we ascertained colocalization of ErbB1 and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity and then characterized the neurotrophic effects of ErbB1 ligands on this cell population. In mesencephalic culture, EGF and glial‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) similarly promoted survival and neurite elongation of dopaminergic neurons and dopamine uptake. The EGF‐promoted dopamine uptake was not inhibited by GDNF‐neutralizing antibody or TrkB‐Fc, whereas EGF‐neutralizing antibody fully blocked the neurotrophic activity of the conditioned medium that was prepared from EGF‐stimulated mesencephalic cultures. The neurotrophic action of EGF was abolished by ErbB1 inhibitors and genetic disruption of erbB1 in culture. In vivo administration of ErbB1 inhibitors to rat neonates diminished TH and dopamine transporter (DAT) levels in the striatum and globus pallidus but not in the frontal cortex. In parallel, there was a reduction in the density of dopaminergic varicosities exhibiting intense TH immunoreactivity. In agreement, postnatal erbB1‐deficient mice exhibited similar decreases in TH levels. Although neurotrophic supports to dopaminergic neurons are redundant, these results confirm that ErbB1 ligands contribute to the phenotypic and functional development of nigral dopaminergic neurons.
The Potential of Cohesive Silicone for Facial Prosthetic Use: A Material Property Study and a Clinical Report
Authors: Koyama Shigeto , Sasaki Keiichi , Hanawa Soshi , Sato Naoko 
Published: April 2011

Abstract Purpose: Prosthetic reconstruction of a facial defect can help to reduce disfigurement and restore the social functioning of the patient. Several methods for holding a prosthesis in place exist, including the use of osseointegrated implants and medical adhesive agents; however, since the treatment options for some patients may be restricted by various health conditions and other limitations, including allergies to adhesive agents, a history of radiation therapy, and financial issues, other options that suit individual demands are required. The objectives of this study were to test the hypothesis that adhesive characteristics could be bestowed on silicone elastomers by altering their catalyst/base silicone ratios (CBR) and to examine the effect of the thickness of the cohesive silicone layer of a prosthesis on its initial adhesive strength. Materials and Methods: The adhesive strengths of specimens with CBRs ranking from 1/10 to 1/70 were examined by the rolling ball tack test. A tensile test was used to evaluate the tensile adhesive strengths of specimens made of layers of cohesive silicone (CBR 1/60) and normal silicone (CBR 1/10) with different thicknesses. Auricular prostheses containing cohesive silicone on the skin side were applied to a 50‐year‐old man with defects in both auricular regions and with reduced manual dexterity due to serious burns. Results: The rolling distance was reduced with a decrease in CBR, and a thinner cohesive silicone (CBR 1/60) layer demonstrated a higher peak load. On clinical application, the adhesion of the auricular prosthesis containing cohesive silicone was improved by expanding the adhesive area and altering the thickness of the cohesive silicone layer, resulting in sufficient adhesion and easier handling than that achieved using an adhesive agent 1 year post delivery. Conclusion: These results suggest that cohesive silicone can be used as a glueless retentive material for facial prostheses.
Nucleotide deletion in RHCE*cE (907delC) is responsible for a D– – haplotype in Hispanics
Authors: Westhoff Connie M. , Vege Sunitha , Nickle Pam , Singh Savita , Hue‐Roye Kim , Lomas‐Francis Christine , Reid Marion E. 
Published: April 2011

BACKGROUND: Lack of Cc and Ee expression is associated with either hybrid alleles in which regions of RHCE are replaced by RHD or nucleotide deletion(s) in RHCE. The former have been found as D– – phenotypes, and the latter as Rhnull when accompanied by deletion of RHD. We investigated RH in eight samples, three presenting as D– –, whose c–E– red blood cell (RBC) typing was discordant with the RHCE genotype that predicted c+E+.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Serologic and molecular testing was performed by standard methods.CASES AND RESULTS: RBCs from Patient 1 were D+C−E−c+e+w but DNA testing predicted E+. RBCs from Patients 2, 3, and 4 typed as D+C−E−c−e− but DNA testing predicted c+E+. All had alloantibodies strongly reactive with all RBCs tested except D– – and Rhnull. Patient 5 had anti‐c and anti‐E but DNA testing predicted she was c+E+. RBCs from three donors typed D+C+E−c−e+ with DNA testing predicting c+E+. All had RHCE*cE with deletion of nucleotide 907C in Exon 6 predicted to cause a premature stop codon at Amino Acid 303 (Leu303Stop). HphI polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to confirm the deletion and to screen 100 Hispanic, 100 Caucasian, and 100 African American donor samples. One additional example was found.CONCLUSIONS: A novel allele, RHCE*cE 907delC (ISBT provisional designation RHCE*03N.02), silences c and E and in the homozygous state resulted in a D– – phenotype and production of anti‐Rh17. All eight probands were Hispanic. The allele is associated with discrepant molecular typing, with an approximate frequency of 0.005 in Hispanics.
Optimal preprocedural platelet transfusion threshold for central venous catheter insertions in patients with thrombocytopenia
Authors: Zeidler Kristin , Arn Kornelius , Senn Oliver , Schanz Urs , Stussi Georg 
Published: April 2011

BACKGROUND: Patients with severe thrombocytopenia are at risk for bleeding during insertion of central venous catheters (CVCs). Although most guidelines recommend preprocedural platelet (PLT) transfusions at a threshold of less than 50 × 109/L, there is only weak evidence supporting such recommendations.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The current study aimed to establish a safe PLT transfusion trigger in patients with CVC placements. We performed a retrospective single‐center analysis of 604 CVC insertions in 193 patients with acute leukemia receiving intensive chemotherapy or stem cell transplantation.RESULTS: A total of 48% of the patients had a bleeding risk during CVC insertions, mostly due to thrombocytopenia. The bleeding incidence was 32% with 96% Grade 1 and 4% Grade 2 bleedings requiring prolonged local compression. There were no Grade 3 to 4 bleedings. Hemoglobin levels were similar before and 24 and 48 hours after the CVC insertion in the bleeding and nonbleeding group and there was no difference in the red blood cell (p = 0.72) and PLT transfusion requirements (p = 0.057) after CVC insertion. In multivariate analysis, only patients with PLT counts of less than 20 × 109/L were at higher risk for bleeding before (p = 0.015) and after preprocedural PLT transfusions (p = 0.006) compared to patients with PLT counts of 100 × 109/L or more.CONCLUSION: CVC placements can safely be performed in patients with PLT counts of 20 × 109/L or more without preprocedural PLT transfusions.
China's “Color Revolution” Is Red
Authors: LI ERIC 
Published: April 2011

Do China's mandarins have anything to fear from the winds of freedom that have blown away Arab autocrats? The short answer is no—for now. The Chinese government has performed for its people, lifting hundreds of millions out of poverty during the same length of time Hosni Mubarak reigned in Egypt.Though many in the West would like to think so, it is not likely that the rising middle class in China will one day also fill Tiananmen Square in protest. In the immediate future, the chaos and economic drift that will now engulf the liberated Middle East will remind them again that China was right not to go down the path of Gorbachev's glasnost and perestroika in Russia.And it is not as if they will have a chance. The authorities are determined never to allow any two people who vent virtually on the Net to meet in the street.In this section, we discuss the impact of the Arab revolt—and lack of it—on China's system of governance.
Why China Won't Follow Arab Revolt
Authors: BELL DANIEL A. 
Published: April 2011

Do China's mandarins have anything to fear from the winds of freedom that have blown away Arab autocrats? The short answer is no—for now. The Chinese government has performed for its people, lifting hundreds of millions out of poverty during the same length of time Hosni Mubarak reigned in Egypt.Though many in the West would like to think so, it is not likely that the rising middle class in China will one day also fill Tiananmen Square in protest. In the immediate future, the chaos and economic drift that will now engulf the liberated Middle East will remind them again that China was right not to go down the path of Gorbachev's glasnost and perestroika in Russia.And it is not as if they will have a chance. The authorities are determined never to allow any two people who vent virtually on the Net to meet in the street.In this section, we discuss the impact of the Arab revolt—and lack of it—on China's system of governance.
The Middle Income Transition in China and America's Need for Structural Change
Authors: SPENCE MICHAEL 
Published: April 2011

The G‐20 supplanted the G‐8 as the executive committee of globalization as the emerging and advanced economies came together in the wake of the Wall Street crash to stave off depression. Now, each country is going its own way.In this section we examine whether the G‐20 can be saved, and what the countries within it must do to bring the global economy into balance.
The Arab Revolution is Beyond America's Control
Authors: FULLER GRAHAM E. 
Published: April 2011

The Great Arab Revolt of 2011 has moved swiftly from the peaceful overthrow of autocrats in the nation‐states of Tunisia and Egypt to brutal repression in the tribal societies of Libya, Syria, Bahrain and Yemen.Meanwhile, the wired youth bulge of the Middle East that brought change is dissipating into an impotent diaspora while the organized interests of the old regimes and the once‐suppressed Islamists charge ahead to power. This section examines the revolt, the reaction and the power struggles in its aftermath.
How to Jump‐Start the Post‐Revolutionary Era in Egypt
Authors: ZEWAIL AHMED 
Published: April 2011

The Great Arab Revolt of 2011 has moved swiftly from the peaceful overthrow of autocrats in the nation‐states of Tunisia and Egypt to brutal repression in the tribal societies of Libya, Syria, Bahrain and Yemen.Meanwhile, the wired youth bulge of the Middle East that brought change is dissipating into an impotent diaspora while the organized interests of the old regimes and the once‐suppressed Islamists charge ahead to power. This section examines the revolt, the reaction and the power struggles in its aftermath.
The Tunisian Revolt: Learning from the Mistakes of the Iranian Revolution
Authors: BANI‐SADR ABOLHASSAN 
Published: April 2011

The Great Arab Revolt of 2011 has moved swiftly from the peaceful overthrow of autocrats in the nation‐states of Tunisia and Egypt to brutal repression in the tribal societies of Libya, Syria, Bahrain and Yemen.Meanwhile, the wired youth bulge of the Middle East that brought change is dissipating into an impotent diaspora while the organized interests of the old regimes and the once‐suppressed Islamists charge ahead to power. This section examines the revolt, the reaction and the power struggles in its aftermath.