bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post-extraction Possibility: Genre and Landscape in George Eliot's The Mill on the Floss
Authors: Rose Kristin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Set in an era of increasing global extraction, George Eliot's The Mill on the Floss (1860) explores the coproductive relationship between humanity and nature in Victorian fiction. Victorian texts frequently depicted mines and quarries as dystopic sites of environmental exhaustion and human suffering. However, The Mill on the Floss centers an exhausted quarry, called “the Red Deeps,” to imagine utopic alternatives to environmental and human ruin. In Eliot's experimental bildungsroman, Maggie Tulliver's coming of age is doubled with and embedded in the Red Deeps’ vibrantly regenerating landscape. Though Eliot's novel famously ends with a tragic flood, Maggie and Phillip Wakem's mid-novel meetings in the Red Deeps entwine feminist and environmental possibility into a narrative arc that looks beyond the spatiotemporal limits of its immediate ending. The result is a mutually open-ended sense of futurity for post-extraction sites and their inhabitants. At the dawn of the Anthropocene, Eliot's redevelopmental bildungsroman counters the capitalist fantasy of endless, extractive progress.
COVID-19 in the Arab countries: Three-year study
Authors: Alwahaibi Nasar , Al Maskari Muna , Al-Jaaidi Samiya , Al Dhahli Buthaina , Al Issaei Halima , Al Bahlani Shadia 
Published: May 2024

Background Twenty-two Arab countries share a common language, history, and culture. Nevertheless, governmental policies, healthcare systems, and resources differ from one Arab country to another. We have been following Coronavirus (COVID-19) from the beginning in each Arab country. In the present study, we aimed to assess the prevalence of COVID-19 in the Arab world and to compare these findings with other significantly affected countries. Methods Websites of the World Health Organization, World COVID-vaccinations tracker, Worldometer, and Ministries of Health were used to extract COVID-19 data in all Arab countries between the period January 2020 to December 2022. Results All Arab countries had 14,218,042 total confirmed COVID-19 cases, 13,384,924 total recovered cases and 173,544 total related deaths. The trend demonstrated that the third quarter of 2021 recorded the highest death toll and the first quarter of 2022 recorded the highest number of confirmed and recovered cases. Compared to the top 15 affected countries, the Arab world ranked last as it had the lowest overall incidence per million population (PMP) of 31,609. The data on total deaths PMP showed that India had the lowest number of deaths with only 377 cases followed by the Arab world with 386 cases. Conclusions Although the number of confirmed, death, and recovered cases of COVID-19 have greatly reduced in the last quarter of 2022 in most Arab countries, many Arab countries still need to re-campaign about COVID-19 vaccines and raise awareness programs about boosters. COVID-19 has had a relatively smaller impact on Arab countries than on other countries that have been significantly affected.
Deficiency of thiamine and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome – review of pathophysiology, clinical presentation , diagnostics and treatment
Authors: Zdunek Roksana , Strus Karolina , Madera Magdalena , Dąbrowska Natalia , Mazur Sylwia , Mazur Agata , Bizan Aleksy , Nagórska Emilia , Marcinkowski Krzysztof , Kublińska Aleksandra 
Published: May 2024

Introduction and aim of the study: Thiamine is a water-soluble vitamine, which bioactive form is necessary for energy metabolism in all cells. Deficiency of thiamine may be caused by malnutrition, alcoholism and certain diseases and it leads to an acute neuropsychiatric disorder called Wernicke encephalopathy. Untreated patients can develop a residual syndrome called Korsakoff syndrome. The aim of our study is to present current knowledge of history, pathophysiology, causes, symptoms and treatment of vitamine B1 depletion and Wernicke-Korsakoff’s syndrome.
Material and methods: Our review is based on the analysis of materials collected in „Pubmed”, „Google Scholar” and other scientific articles using keywords: „thiamine”, „thiamine deficiency”, „Wernicke encephalopathy”, „Korsakoff syndrome”.
Conclusions: Despite numerous studies, Wernicke encephalopathy is still difficult to diagnose. Attention should be paid to the possibility of vitamin B1 deficiency in people who are at risk of it like alcoholics, malnourished or psychiatric patients. Wernicke encephalopathy is an acute neuropsychiatric disorder so the treatment should be started as soon as possible to reduce the risk of developing Korsakoff syndrome.
Garlic (Allium sativum L.): A review of varied health benefits
Authors: Popławska Natalia Aleksandra , Śliz Justyna , Skorupska Marta , Czeczotka Magdalena Joanna , Woźniak Krzysztof 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Garlic (Allium sativum L.), has been cultivated in various countries and is valued for its medicinal and culinary properties. It contains bioactive compounds such as phenolic compounds, organic sulfides, polysaccharides, and saponins, with allicin being a particularly studied compound. These compounds have been shown to possess antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperlipidemic and antihypertensive effects. Garlic has been used for over 5000 years as a curative plant and has potential applications in food science, medicine, and nutraceuticals.
Aim of the Study:
The aim of the study is to provide a comprehensive review of the overall impact of Allium sativum L. on human health and in order to draw attention to the benefits of regular consumption.
Materials and methods:
A comprehensive review of scientific and medical literature was conducted utilizing PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Searching terms were: garlic, Allium sativum L., garlic anti-inflammatory, garlic anticancer, garlic health effects.
Conclusion:
Allium sativum L. is associated with a comprehensive range of beneficial effects on the human body. These include anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, positive influence on lipid profile, cardiovascular system, and the anticancer activity among others by stimulation of tumor apoptosis. As a result, garlic and its bioactive compounds hold promise as functional foods or nutraceuticals for the prevention and treatment of various diseases.
Measure to improve: a pilot study of Birthrate Plus in the Netherlands
Authors: Cronie Doug John , Rosman Ageeth , de Vries Raymond 
Published: May 2024

Background/Aims Evidence-based standards are an important means for ensuring safe and effective care for birthing women. The provision of one-to-one care for women in labour is one such standard, which should be the norm in Dutch maternity care. However, no audit measures of this standard are available. This study examined the use of Birthrate Plus, a validated instrument for the measurement of patient acuity. This tool has the added benefit of allowing measurement of birth characteristics in relation to staffing numbers, providing a basis for auditing the standard of one-to-one care for women in labour in hospitals in the Netherlands. Methods This pilot study used the Birthrate Plus tool to retrospectively examine birth characteristics and staffing levels in a 4-month period, in five hospitals in the Netherlands. Results The review of 11 582 patient cases found that most births in the sample were classified as occurring in the higher acuity levels of Birthrate+ tool. Examination of staffing levels showed that when comparing actual staffing levels with recommended levels, hospitals had a shortfall of between 47% and 64%. Conclusions The Birthrate Plus tool could be useful in auditing staffing levels in Dutch maternity care. Analysis of the data provided by hospitals in the sample showed that none were able to meet the Dutch standard of providing consistent one-one-one care.
Challenges in the distribution of antimicrobial medications in community dispensaries in Accra, Ghana
Authors: Greene Hannah Camille , Makovi Kinga , Abdul-Mumin Rafiatu , Bansal Akhil , Frimpong Jemima A. 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionThe dispensation of medicines in some low- and middle-income countries is often carried out by private vendors operating under constrained conditions. The aim of this study was to understand the challenges reported by employees of dispensaries, specifically, chemical and herbal shops and pharmacies in Accra, Ghana. Our objectives were twofold: (1) to assess challenges faced by medicine vendors related to dispensing antimicrobials (antibiotic and antimalarial medications), and (2) to identify opportunities for improving their stewardship of antimicrobials.MethodsData were collected in 79 dispensaries throughout Accra, in 2021, using a survey questionnaire. We used open-ended questions, grounded on an adapted socioecological model of public health, to analyze these data and determine challenges faced by respondents.ResultsWe identified multiple, interlocking challenges faced by medicine vendors. Many of these relate to challenges of antimicrobial stewardship (following evidence-based practices when dispensing medicines). Overall, medicine vendors frequently reported challenges at the Customer and Community levels. These included strained interactions with customers and the prohibitive costs of medications. The consequences of these challenges reverberated and manifested through all levels of the socioecological model of public health (Entity, Customer, Community, Global).DiscussionThe safe and effective distribution of medications was truncated by strained interactions, often related to the cost of medicines and gaps in knowledge. While addressing these challenges requires multifaceted approaches, we identified several areas that, if intervened upon, could unlock the great potential of antimicrobal stewardship. The effective and efficient implementation of key interventions could facilitate efforts spearheaded by medicine vendors and leverage the benefits of their role as health educators and service providers.ConclusionAddressing barriers faced by medicine vendors would provide an opportunity to significantly improve the provision of medications, and ultimately population health. Such efforts will likely expand access to populations who may otherwise be unable to access medications and treatment in formal institutions of care such as hospitals. Our findings also highlight the broad range of care provided by shopkeepers and vendors at dispensaries. These findings suggest that the meaningful engagement of dispensaries as valued conduits of community health is a promising pathway for interventions aiming to improve antimicrobial stewardship.
Demographic trends of cardiorenal and heart failure deaths in the United States, 2011–2020
Authors: Shearer Joseph J. , Hashemian Maryam , Nelson Robert G. , Looker Helen C. , Chamberlain Alanna M. , Powell-Wiley Tiffany M. , Pérez-Stable Eliseo J. , Roger Véronique L. 
Published: May 2024

Background
Heart failure (HF) and kidney disease frequently co-occur, increasing mortality risk. The cardiorenal syndrome results from damage to either the heart or kidney impacting the other organ. The epidemiology of cardiorenal syndrome among the general population is incompletely characterized and despite shared risk factors with HF, differences in mortality risk across key demographics have not been well described. Thus, the primary goal of this study was to analyze annual trends in cardiorenal-related mortality, evaluate if these trends differed by age, sex, and race or ethnicity, and describe these trends against a backdrop of HF mortality.

Methods and findings
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-ranging ONline Data for Epidemiologic Research database was used to examine cardiorenal- and HF-related mortality in the US between 2011and 2020. International Classification of Diseases, 10 Revision codes were used to classify cardiorenal-related deaths (I13.x) and HF-related deaths (I11.0, I13.0, I13.2, and I50.x), among decedents aged 15 years or older. Decedents were further stratified by age group, sex, race, or ethnicity. Crude and age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) per 100,000 persons were calculated. A total of 97,135 cardiorenal-related deaths and 3,453,655 HF-related deaths occurred. Cardiorenal-related mortality (AAMR, 3.26; 95% CI: 3.23–3.28) was significantly lower than HF-related mortality (AAMR, 115.7; 95% CI: 115.6–115.8). The annual percent change (APC) was greater and increased over time for cardiorenal-related mortality (2011–2015: APC, 7.1%; 95% CI: 0.7–13.9%; 2015–2020: APC, 19.7%, 95% CI: 16.3–23.2%), whereas HF-related mortality also increased over that time period, but at a consistently lower rate (2011–2020: APC, 2.4%; 95% CI: 1.7–3.1%). Mortality was highest among older and male decedents for both causes. Cardiorenal-related deaths were more common in non-Hispanic or Latino Blacks compared to Whites, but similar rates were observed for HF-related mortality. A larger proportion of cardiorenal-related deaths, compared to HF-related deaths, listed cardiorenal syndrome as the underlying cause of death (67.0% vs. 1.2%).

Conclusions
HF-related deaths substantially outnumber cardiorenal-related deaths; however, cardiorenal-related deaths are increasing at an alarming rate with the highest burden among non-Hispanic or Latino Blacks. Continued surveillance of cardiorenal-related mortality trends is critical and future studies that contain detailed biomarker and social determinants of health information are needed to identify mechanisms underlying differences in mortality trends.
Trends in cancer mortality among the elderly in China, 2005–2035
Authors: Wang Meiyan , Su Xunli , Hu Yunhua , Yang Jian 
Published: May 2024

Background
With the appearance and aggravation of the aging society, cancer has become one of the major problems that threaten the life and health of Chinese residents seriously.

Objective
To explore the cancer epidemiological characteristics among the elderly in China from 2005 to 2016, and to provide strategies for cancer prevention and treatment.

Methods
Stratified analysis was conducted on the cancer mortality data of the elderly aged ≥60 years in China, which were selected from the Chinese Cancer Registry Annual Report. Joinpoint regression model was used to calculted average annual percentage change (AAPC) to estimate the time trends. Age-period-cohort (APC) model was used to explore the age, period and birth cohort effect on the risk of cancer death. Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model was used to predict trends in cancer mortality among elderly by gender and region to 2035.

Results
2005–2016, cancer mortality in the elderly in China showed a decreasing trend (AAPC = -1.2%, P<0.001). Cancer mortality in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas, but the urban-rural difference gradually narrowed (t = 6.1, P<0.01). The APC model showed that cancer mortality increased with age. The relative risk (RR) for the period effect decreased. RR was lower for the later- born cohort than that for the earlier-born cohort in rural areas. Lung cancer mortality ranked first in both male and female, and showed an increasing trend among female in the 60–64, 80–84 and ≥85 age groups (AAPC60-64 = 1.0%, AAPC80-84 = 0.8%, AAPC≥85 = 2.0%, all P<0.05). By 2035, cancer mortality for the elderly was predicted to decline nationally, by sex and in rural areas, while rising in urban areas.

Conclusion
Cancer mortality in the elderly in China showed a decreasing trend from 2005 to 2016, but it was still higher than the world average. Early cancer screening is important, especially in the elderly male and in rural areas.
Antenatal care component utilization and associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia: Multilevel analysis of Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health survey 2019
Authors: Shiferaw Desalegn , Feyisa Bikila Regassa , Biru Bayise , Yesse Mubarek 
Published: May 2024

Introduction
Maternal and neonatal health are among the top prioritised agendas of global health care with due emphasis given to developing countries, where the burden is profound. Antenatal care accompanied by its recommended components is highly beneficial for both maternal health and birth outcome.

Objective
The objective of this study was to identify the proportion of pregnant women who received adequate Antenatal care components and associated factors among Ethiopian women.

Methods and materials
We used a nation-wide data from Mini Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (MEDHS) of 2019. All women of age 15–49 and who had at least one ANC visit, who were either permanent residents of the selected households or visitors who slept in the household the night before the survey, were eligible to be interviewed. Since we utilised multilevel logistic regression model, the STATA output had two components, the fixed effect and the random effect. In our model, the fixed effect part was displayed by odds ratio while the random effect was addressed by variance and intra-cluster correlation (ICC).

Results
From the total women with at least one antenatal care (ANC) visit 55.41% (95% CI 53.60%, 57.20%) of them received adequate components of the care. In the final model after adjusting for the cluster and individual level variables, attending primary (AOR = 1.45; 95% CI: 1.15 to 1.84), secondary (AOR = 2.21; 95% CI: 1.51 to 3.24) and higher education (AOR = 2.42; 95% CI: 1.38 to 4.26) were significantly associated with higher odds of receiving adequate components of ANC. Similarly, wealth index of middle (AOR = 1.51; 95% CI: 1.06, 2.14), richer (AOR = 1.92; 95% CI: 1.32, 2.80), and richest (AOR = 3.86; 95% CI: 2.35, 6.33) compared to poorest index and having two or more ANC visits were significantly associated with receiving adequate components of ANC. On the other hand, being from Oromia region, from female headed household and protestant religion were negatively associated with receiving adequate components of ANC.

Conclusion
The proportion of women who received adequate ANC component was much lower compared to the universal recommendation for every woman on ANC visit. Educational status, wealth index, number of ANC visit, region of residence and type of health facility were significantly associated with the odds of receiving adequate components of ANC. The government should pay attention to those without any formal education, encouraging pregnant women to receive the optimum number of ANC visits, and devising techniques to address those in poorest wealth index so that the proportion of adequate components of ANC will be increased.
Mapping the evidence on factors related to postpartum contraception among sub-Saharan African immigrant and refugee women in the United States of America: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Olorunsaiye Comfort Z. , Badru Mariam A. , Osborne Augustus , Degge Hannah M. , Yaya Sanni 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundPostpartum contraception is essential to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) care because it encourages healthy spacing between births, helps women avoid unwanted pregnancies, and lessens the risks of health problems for mothers and babies. Sub-Saharan African immigrant and refugee populations are rapidly increasing in the United States, and they come from a wide range of cultural, linguistic, religious, and social origins, which may pose challenges in timely access to culturally acceptable SRH care, for preventing mistimed or unwanted childbearing. The objective of this scoping review is to assess the extent of the available literature on postpartum contraception among sub-Saharan African immigrant and refugee women living in the United States.MethodsWe developed preliminary search terms with the help of an expert librarian, consisting of keywords including birth intervals, birth spacing, contraception, postpartum contraception or family planning, and USA or America, and sub-Saharan African immigrants, or emigrants. The study will include the following electronic databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, EMBASE, and the Global Health Database. The sources will include studies on postpartum care and contraceptive access and utilization among sub-Saharan African immigrants living in the US. Citations, abstracts, and full texts will be independently screened by two reviewers. We will use narrative synthesis to analyze the data using quantitative and qualitative methods. Factors associated with postpartum contraception will be organized using the domains and constructs of the PEN-3 Model as a guiding framework.ConclusionThis scoping review will map the research on postpartum contraception among sub-Saharan African immigrant and refugee women living in the US. We expect to identify knowledge gaps, and barriers and facilitators of postpartum contraception in this population. Based on the findings of the review, recommendations will be made for advocacy and program and policy development toward optimizing interpregnancy intervals in sub-Saharan African immigrants living in the US.Trial registrationReview registrationOpen Science Framework:https://osf.io/s385j.
First report of V1016I, F1534C and V410L kdr mutations associated with pyrethroid resistance in Aedes aegypti populations from Niamey, Niger
Authors: Maiga Abdoul-Aziz , Sombié Aboubacar , Zanré Nicolas , Yaméogo Félix , Iro Souleymane , Testa Jean , Sanon Antoine , Koita Ousmane , Kanuka Hirotaka , McCall Philip J. , Weetman David , Badolo Athanase 
Published: May 2024

Background
Ae. aegypti is the vector of important μ arboviruses, including dengue, Zika, chikungunya and yellow fever. Despite not being specifically targeted by insecticide-based control programs in West Africa, resistance to insecticides in Ae. aegypti has been reported in countries within this region. In this study, we investigated the status and mechanisms of Ae. aegypti resistance in Niamey, the capital of Niger. This research aims to provide baseline data necessary for arbovirus outbreak prevention and preparedness in the country.

Methods
Ovitraps were used to collect Ae. aegypti eggs, which were subsequently hatched in the insectary for bioassay tests. The hatched larvae were then reared to 3–5-day-old adults for WHO tube and CDC bottle bioassays, including synergist tests. The kdr mutations F1534C, V1016I, and V410L were genotyped using allele-specific PCR and TaqMan qPCR methods.

Results
Ae. aegypti from Niamey exhibited moderate resistance to pyrethroids but susceptibility to organophosphates and carbamates. The kdr mutations, F1534C, V1016I and V410L were detected with the resistant tri-locus haplotype 1534C+1016L+410L associated with both permethrin and deltamethrin resistance. Whereas the homozygote tri-locus resistant genotype 1534CC+1016LL+410LL was linked only to permethrin resistance. The involvement of oxidase and esterase enzymes in resistance mechanisms was suggested by partial restoration of mosquitoes’ susceptibility to pyrethroids in synergist bioassays.

Conclusion
This study is the first report of Ae. aegypti resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in Niamey. The resistance is underpinned by target site mutations and potentially involves metabolic enzymes. The observed resistance to pyrethroids coupled with susceptibility to other insecticides, provides data to support evidence-based decision-making for Ae. aegypti control in Niger.