bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apalutamide plus androgen deprivation therapy in clinical subgroups of patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer: a subgroup analysis of the randomised clinical TITAN study
Authors: Merseburger A. S. , Agarwal N. , Bhaumik A. , Lefresne F. , Karsh L. I. , Pereira de Santana Gomes A. J. , Juárez Soto Á. , Given R. W. , Brookman-May S. D. , Mundle S. D. , McCarthy S. A. , Uemura H. , Chowdhury S. , Chi K. N. , Bjartell A. 
Published: May 2024

Background. Whether disease burden in patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) predicts treatment outcomes is unknown. We assessed apalutamide treatment effect in TITAN patients with mCSPC by disease volume, metastasis number and timing of metastasis presentation.Methods. These protocol-defined and post hoc analyses of the phase III randomised TITAN study evaluated clinical outcomes in patients receiving 240 mg/day apalutamide (n = 525) or placebo (n = 527) plus androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT). Subgroups were defined by volume (high: visceral and ≥1 bone metastases or ≥4 bone lesions with ≥1 beyond vertebral column/pelvis), development of metastases per conventional imaging (synchronous: at initial diagnosis; meta-chronous: after localised disease) and oligometastases (≤5 bone-only metastases) or polymetastases (>5 in bone ± other locations or ≤5 in bone plus other locations). Overall survival (OS), radiographic or second progression-free survival, and time to prostate-specific antigen progression or castration resistance were assessed using Cox proportional hazards models.Results. Of 1052 patients, 63 %, 81 %, 54 %, 27 %, 5.7 %, and 8.0 % had high-volume, synchronous, synchronous/high-volume, synchronous/low-volume, metachronous/high-volume, and metachronous/low-volume disease, respectively. The OS benefit favoured apalutamide plus ADT versus ADT alone in synchronous/high-volume (hazard ratio (HR) 0.68; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.53–0.87; p = 0.002), synchronous/low-volume (HR 0.65; 95 % CI 0.40–1.05; p = 0.08), metachronous/high-volume (HR 0.69; 95 % CI 0.33–1.44; p = 0.32) and metachronous/low-volume (HR 0.22; 95 % CI 0.09–0.55; p = 0.001) subgroups. Apalutamide improved other clinical outcomes regardless of subgroup, with similar safety profiles. Most favourable outcomes were observed in oligometastatic disease.Conclusion. TITAN patients derived a robust benefit with apalutamide plus ADT regardless of disease volume and timing of metastasis presentation without differences in safety, supporting early apalutamide intensification in mCSPC.
Cognitive and emotional disturbances in adult patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1
Authors: Erokhina E. K. , Shamtieva K. V. , Melnik E. A. , Kazakov D. O. , Kurbatov S. A. , Pavlikova E. P. , Tikhonova O. A. , Mershina E. A. , Sinitsyn V. E. , Vlodavets D. V. 
Published: May 2024

Background. Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a hereditary slowly progressive multisystem disease with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, caused by the expansion of trinucleotide (CTG)n repeats in the 3’ untranslated region of the DMPK gene. Among the clinical manifestations of DM1, an important place is occupied by symptoms of damage to the central nervous system, in particular cognitive and emotional disorders.Aim. To evaluate the type of cognitive and emotional impairments in patients with different forms of DM1 and their impact on quality of life.Materials and methods. 60 patients with genetically confirmed DM1 were examined (average age 37.0 ± 12.4 years; 36 (60.0 %) of them were men). All patients underwent neuropsychological testing using the Montreal Cognitive RatingScale, Mini‑Mental State Examination, Addenbrooke’s III, Wechsler tests, pathfinding, symbolic and numeric modalities, Luria’s 10 Words, Frontal Dysfunction Battery; assessment of emotional disturbances using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Rating Scale and the Apathy Scale; quality of life assessment – 36‑Item Short‑Form Medical Outcomes Study. Brain magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 53 patients to assess the severity of white matter lesions and gray matter atrophy.Results. The study included 8 (13.3 %) patients with congenital, 19 (31.7 %) – childhood, 33 (55 %) – adult forms of MD1. The group of patients with the congenital form had the most severe cognitive deficits, especially in tests of executive functions and visuospatial perception. Cognitive impairment was also characteristic of the adult form, but to a lesser extent. Compared to controls, patients with DM1 were significantly more likely to exhibit apathy (p = 0.002) rather than anxiety and depression. In DM1, damage to both the white and gray matter of the brain was established, and a connection between damage to the gray matter and depression (r = 0.296) and apathy (r = –0.291) was revealed. The quality of life is largely influenced by emotional disorders (anxiety, r = –0.577; depression, r = –0.650; apathy, r = –0.545).Conclusion. In patients with DM1, a typical pattern of cognitive impairment has not been identified; different domains of cognitive functions are affected. The greatest cognitive deficit is typical for the group of patients with the congenital form. A connection between damage to the gray matter of the brain and emotional disorders has been revealed.The presence of the latter reduces the quality of life of patients with DM1.
Use of stabilometry and functional indicators to assess the risk of falls in elderly people in long stay institutions
Authors: Schlickmann Ana Carolina Vieira , Kock Kelser de Souza 
Published: May 2024

Introduction: The World Health Organization defines a fall as moving the body to a lower floor without sufficient time to correct this event. It involves the patient's risk factors and interrelated environmental factors. Stabilometry is a means of quantifying postural balance through electromagnetic sensors and specific modes. Objectives: To evaluate the risk of falling through stabilometry in institutionalized older adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out. The sample was made up of older adults living in a Long-Term Institution. Participants were evaluated using stabilometry with a Nintendo Wii Balance Board, mobility and functional balance Time Up and Go (TUG), and handgrip testing using a dynamometer. Results: The sample consisted of 35 participants with a median age of 74.0. The main comorbidities were hypertension and heart disease. The drugs used were diverse and were concentrated in a few groups. Twenty-eight participants were able to maintain themselves and perform all functional tests. Handgrip strength averaged 9kgf for women and 23kgf for men. The sample's average TUG time was 19.9 seconds. Functionality data was not associated with falls. Posturographic stabilometer data obtained a median of 101.9 cm for distance, 3.15 cm/s for speed, and 6.8 cm 2 for area. Advanced age and stabilometry speed were associated with falls were observed. Conclusion: Stabilometry data were good indicators for evaluating postural oscillations that may pre-exist a fall.
O ADOECIMENTO COMO ALEGORIA DA FUNÇÃO TRANSCENDENTE
Authors: Cavalcanti Leandro da Costa Alhadas , Oliveira Andrea Olímpio de 
Published: May 2024

A partir da perspectiva da Psicologia Analítica, busca-se uma compreensão integrativa do adoecimento como parte de um movimento arquetípico de transcendência individual e coletiva própria da totalidade e identidade corpo-psique. Intenciona-se criar possibilidades para perceber o adoecimento e os sintomas psíquicos e somáticos como um tipo de linguagem que permeia entre o simbólico e o alegórico. Utilizando o conto indígena brasileiro "A Lenda das Duas Árvores" e textos de autores junguianos e não-junguianos o artigo faz uma articulação teórica-interpretativa entre as imagens que surgem através da narrativa do conto com os conceitos de função transcendente, símbolo e alegoria para então relacioná-los com adoecimento considerando sua qualidade curativa nas dimensões biológicas e psíquicas da alma. Dessa forma, o adoecimento é percebido como uma espécie de solução da unidade corpo-psique para comunicar algo que transcenda ao ego e fazer revelar (trazer à consciência) algo que está velado e no âmbito do inconsciente.
Review on drivers of deforestation and associated socio-economic and ecological impacts
Authors: Worku A. , Ayalew S. 
Published: May 2024

Relevance. Forests play a vital role in maintaining ecological balance and providing habitats, oxygen, and carbon sinks. However, deforestation resulting from mining, logging, infrastructure development, climate change, and agriculture is leading to their depletion.This paper aims to investigate the underlying factors driving deforestation and their socioeconomic and ecological consequences.Results and Discussion. Deforestation has resulted in the loss of 10 million hectares of global forest cover annually, with direct drivers including fires, logging, and converting forests to agricultural land. Indirect drivers encompass political elections, military conflicts, population density, and corruption. Economic growth, road expansion, and politics have exacerbated the pressure on forests, resulting in biodiversity loss. Deforestation is predicted to continue at a rate of 10 million hectares annually until 2025. To mitigate this issue, measures such as reducing emissions from deforestation, promoting sustainable forest management, and enhancing protected area management can be implemented. Furthermore, legal action should be pursued to address the issue of deforestation.
Variety of active ingredients in leaves and flowers of <i>Chamaenerion angustifolium</i> (L.) Scop., depending on type of natural population
Authors: Antonenko M. S. , Mesnjankina V. S. , Malankina E. L. 
Published: May 2024

Relevance. Nowadays the popularity of Chamaenerion angustifolium as a medicinal plant and as a tea is growing noticeably. Fireweed is an eclogically plastic species, that does not require high soil fertility and is widespread in Russia. Medical and food industries use leafs as a row material of fireweed. Series of phytochemical studies of Chamaenerion raw material have shown that it contains a wide variety of pharmacologically significant compounds, that accumulate as a result of both primary and secondary metabolism. The most important groups, formed as a result of secondary metabolism, are polyphenols, including flavonoids, phenolic acids and ellagitannins (including enothein B). Concentration of these chemical compounds equals 15% and even hither of the raw material (leaf).The aim. Identification of variability and relationships between the content of various groups of phenolic compounds in raw material of Chamaenerion angustifolium, depending on ecological conditions.Methods. At the first stage of our work was used the cartographic method. Were studied specimens from 27 points, growing in ecologically different areas of the Moscow, Kaluga and Yaroslavl regions. Phenolic compounds were determined using a spectrophotometer: flavonoids in terms of rutin, tannins and the amount of phenolic compounds, using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent in terms of gallic acid.Results. The content of polyphenols, tannins and flavonoids in raw material of fireweed, collected in different ecological and soil aspects, was measured. Measurement results were compared, using correlation analysis. As the result of content analysis, it was found that the content of polyphenols in the leaves ranged from 9 to 11%, the content of flavonoids fell within the chain range of 2.5-3.5%, tannin content – 5.0-6.5%. A close correlation was found between the content of phenolic compounds and tannins (R=0.972). It indicates, that the shikimate pathway is the main process of biosynthesis secondary metabolites in the Chamaenerion angustifolium plant. Also it means the leading role of local ecological conditions of the studied areas.
Results of testing fungicides Metabacterin and Plantarel in the production of watermelon seeds
Authors: Kovaleva E. V. , Lazko V. E. , Radko D. P. , Blagorodova E. N. 
Published: May 2024

Relevance. The yield of watermelon fruits and seeds depends on many factors, one of which is the phytosanitary condition of the crops. Weather conditions during the growing season at the beginning of flowering contributed to the infection of plants with bacteriosis and Alternaria.Methodology. The experiments were carried out in the central zone of the Krasnodar Territory in the department of vegetable and potato growing of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Research Center of Rice" at the seed-growing site of the watermelon variety Nitsa. The work was carried out in accordance with generally accepted guidelines. Results were obtained on the use of fungicides Metabacterin and Plantare on seed crops of the Nitsa watermelon variety.Results and discussion. Double treatment with drugs significantly limited the spread and damage of plants by bacteriosis and alternaria. The phytotoxicity of Plantarel for harmful pathogens was higher than that of Metabacterin, which was reflected in an increase in fruit yield – by 7.8 t/ha, fruit marketability – by 8% and seed yield – by 57 kg/ha more, in comparison with the control option. The effect of treating watermelon plants with Metabacterin on yield indicators is less significant in comparison with Plantarel but higher than in the control variant. 4.2 t/ha more fruits were collected, with a 5% higher yield of marketable fruits and a 5 kg/ha higher seed yield than from watermelon plants without protective measures. The use of drugs contributed to the preservation of a larger number of plants in the variants (compared to the control), and ensured a high accumulation of dry soluble substances in the fruit pulp. Bacteriological and mycological analyzes showed that there are no pathogenic microflora on seeds from fruits from plants treated with Plantarel and Metabacterin. Both drugs have a growth-stimulating effect. Soaking the seeds before sowing in a solution of preparations contributed to the emergence of vigorous shoots three days earlier than when soaking in water.
Financial Well-Being Among US Adults with Vascular Conditions: Differential Impacts Among Blacks and Hispanics
Authors: Jacobs Molly M. , Evans Elizabeth , Ellis Charles 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundThe ability to meet current and ongoing financial obligations, known as financial well-being (FWB), is not only associated with the likelihood of adverse health events but is also affected by unexpected health care expenditures. However, the relationship between FWB and common health outcomes is not well understood. Using data available in the Financial Well-Being Scale from the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, we evaluated the impact of four vascular conditions—cardiovascular disease (CVD), stroke, high blood pressure (BP), and high cholesterol—on FWB and how these impacts varied between racial and ethnic groups.MethodsUsing the Understanding America Survey—a nationally representative, longitudinal panel—we identified adults with self-reported diagnoses between 2014 and 2020 of high cholesterol, high BP, stroke, and CVD. We used stratified, longitudinal mixed regression models to assess the association between these diagnoses and FWB. Each condition was modeled separately and included sex, age, marital status, household size, income, education, race/ethnicity, insurance, body mass index, and an indicator of the condition. Racial and ethnic differentials were captured using group-condition interactions.ResultsOn average, Whites had the highest FWB Scale score (69.0, SD=21.8), followed by other races (66.7, SD=21.0), Hispanics (59.3, SD=21.6), and Blacks (56.2, SD=21.4). In general, FWB of individuals with vascular conditions was lower than that of those without, but the impact varied between racial and ethnic groups. Compared with Whites (the reference group), Blacks with CVD (−7.4, SD=1.0), stroke (−8.1, SD=1.5), high cholesterol (−5.7, SD=0.7), and high BP (6.1, SD=0.7) had lower FWB. Similarly, Hispanics with high BP (−3.0, SD=0.6) and CVD (−6.3, SD=1.3) had lower FWB. Income, education, insurance, and marital status were also correlated with FWB.ConclusionsThese results indicated differences in the financial ramifications of vascular conditions among racial and ethnic groups. Findings suggest the need for interventions targeting FWB of individuals with vascular conditions, particularly those from minority groups.
Monitoring red wine maturation in oak barrels using <sup>1</sup>H NMR-based metabolomics
Authors: Le Mao Inès , Da Costa Grégory , Leleu Guillaume , Richard Tristan 
Published: May 2024

Wine maturation in oak barrels is a well-known winemaking practice that, among other things, brings roundness and complexity to wine. Studying wine evolution during barrel maturation is crucial to ensure wine quality. Red wines produced in a wine growing estate of the Bordeaux region were monitored after one and twelve months of maturation in oak barrels in the estate’s cellar. Wines were kept in oak casks from three different manufacturers. The evolution of the wine constituents during maturation was monitored by 1H NMR-based metabolomics combined with multivariate statistical analysis. NMR spectra were submitted to targeted and untargeted approaches. The wine maturation effects were thereby monitored and the discriminant metabolites identified. The wines analysed after one month of maturation exhibit higher contents of amino acids, catechin and epicatechin, acetoin and choline than the wines analysed twelve months after maturation; for their part, the latter wines showed higher contents of acetic acid, ethyl lactate, arabinose and glucose. In addition, significant differences were observed between the wines depending on the barrel manufacturers.
The role of rootstock and its genetic background in plant mineral status: the relationship between petiole analyses and deficiency symptoms
Authors: Morel Marine , Cookson Sarah Jane , Da Costa Jean-Pierre , Ollat Nathalie , Marguerit Elisa 
Published: May 2024

Rootstocks are an important means of adapting grapevine to environmental conditions whilst conserving the typical features of scion genotypes. Rootstocks not only provide tolerance to Phylloxera, but also ensure the supply of water and mineral nutrients to the scion. We take advantage of the large diversity of rootstocks used worldwide to facilitate this adaptation. The aim of this study was to characterise rootstock regulation of scion mineral status and its relationship with scion development.Vitis vinifera cvs. Cabernet-Sauvignon, Pinot noir, Syrah and Ugni blanc were grafted onto 55 different rootstock genotypes and planted as three replicates of five plants in sandy gravelly soil near Bordeaux, France. In 2020 and 2021, petiolar concentrations of 13 mineral elements (N, P, K, S, Mg, Ca, Na, B, Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu and Al) were measured at veraison. Winter pruning weight, shoot vigour, leaf chlorophyll content, bud fertility and yield were measured. Magnesium deficiency severity was visually scored for each plant. Rootstocks were grouped according to their Vitis parentage background when at least 50 % of a Vitis species was present in order to determine whether the petiole mineral composition could be related to the rootstock genetic parentage.Scion, rootstock, and their interactions had a significant influence on petiole mineral content and explained the same proportion of phenotypic variance for most mineral elements. Rootstock effect explained 9, 28 and 45 % of the mineral content variance for N, Mg and S respectively. This unique experimental design showed that the rootstock effect was higher than the scion effect on the petiole concentration of a large majority of mineral elements. The genetic background V. riparia increased the probability of low petiolar P and Mg contents. The severity of Mg deficiency symptoms varied depending on the rootstock. The differences in mineral status conferred by rootstocks were not significantly correlated with vigour or fertility.The evaluation of Mg levels by petiole analysis and the intensity of deficiency symptoms showed for the first time the variability of the thresholds of satisfactory mineral nutrition between rootstocks. Therefore, fertiliser management should take the rootstock variety into account.
Mapping gas–phase CO<sub>2</sub> in the headspace of two champagne glasses through infrared laser absorption spectroscopy: ŒnoXpert glass versus INAO glass
Authors: Alfonso Vincent , Lecasse Florian , Vallon Raphael , Cilindre Clara , Parvitte Bertrand , Zéninari Virginie , Liger-Belair Gérard 
Published: May 2024

Champagne wines are complex hydroalcoholic mixtures supersaturated with dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2). During tasting, while serving the champagne in a glass and for the few minutes that follow, the headspace of the glass is progressively invaded by many chemical species, including gas–phase CO2 (likely to disrupt the perception of the wine’s bouquet beyond a certain threshold). Real-time monitoring of gas–phase CO2 was performed through tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy along a multipoint network in the headspace of two champagne glasses showing distinct shapes and volume capacities (namely, the standard 21 cL INAO glass and the brand new 45 cL ŒnoXpert glass, designed by the Union of French Oenologists as a universal glass for the tasting of still and sparkling wines). From the start of the pouring stage and during the several minutes following, a kind of glass type-dependent CO2 footprint was revealed in the headspace of glasses, which was discussed based on the glass geometry and headspace volume. For an identical volume of champagne dispensed in both glasses, the headspace of ŒnoXpert was found to retain gaseous CO2 more efficiently over time than INAO glass does. Therefore, and extrapolating to aromatic compounds, the chemical space of the ŒnoXpert glass should be better preserved throughout the tasting than that of the INAO glass. Moreover, by reducing the volume of champagne served in the glass, the time-dependent CO2 footprint is significantly reduced in the glass headspace, thus reducing the risk of carbon dioxide burn during tasting.
Nevelési és oktatási dilemmák a magyar jelnyelv elmúlt 20 éves történetében
Authors: Muzsnai István 
Published: May 2024

A tanulmány áttekintést ad arról, hogy az elmúlt húsz év milyen jelentős változásokat hozott a magyar jelnyelvben. Ismerteti a kérdés jogi hátterének az alakulását, a téma legjelentősebb kutatásait és ezek eredményeit. Betekintést nyújt a bilingvális oktatásról alkotott álláspontok és attitűdök magyarországi változásába, továbbá kiemeli és elemzi egy, a siket tanulók nevelésével-oktatásával foglalkozó speciális iskola pedagógiai programjának a siket gyermekek nyelvfejlesztésével és a jelnyelvvel kapcsolatos elemeit. Megállapítható, hogy a magyar jelnyelv vonatkozásában a nyelvész szakemberek kiemelkedő munkát végeztek, és jelentős eredményeket értek el a két évtized alatt, továbbá hogy a jelnyelv nyelvi státuszának az elfogadása törvényi szinten megtörtént. A siketoktatással foglalkozó intézményekben azonban a bilingvális oktatás bevezetésével és megszilárdításával kapcsolatban még számtalan feladat vár a pedagógusokra, gyógypedagógusokra és más érintett szakemberekre.