bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Naturalistic Study of Winter Driving Practices by Older Men and Women: Examination of Weather, Road Conditions, Trip Purposes, and Comfort
Authors: Myers Anita M. , Trang Aileen , Crizzle Alexander M. 
Published: October 2011

RÉSUMÉLa plupart des études sur les pratiques de conduite des aînés sont basées sur des données d’autoévaluation ; aucune n’a examiné objectivement leurs habitudes de conduite hivernale. Nous avons utilisé des appareils électroniques associés à des journaux de voyages, des cartes numériques et des archives météorologiques, afin d’examinerétudier les modes de conduite des personnes âgées de 65 à 91 sur deux semaines consécutives entre novembre 2008 et mars 2009. La conduite de nuit différait selon le mois, montrant l’importance des facteurs saisonniers, en particulier la quantité de lumière du jour. Bien que 69 pour cent de notre échantillon ait conduit les jours de mauvais temps, les aînés ont montré être significativement plus susceptibles de faire des voyages à des fins sociales ou de divertissement les jours de beau temps, et ils ont entrepris des voyages plus longs les jours offrant de bonnes conditions routières. Les scores de confort de conduite, notamment pour la conduite de nuit, étaient liés de manière significative aux indicateurs multiples de l’exposition et des habitudes, y compris au rayon autour du domicile. Comparativement aux hommes, les femmes ont obtenu des scores de conduite significativement plus bas, et ont été moins susceptibles de conduire quand les conditions metéorologiques et routières étaient défavorables.
Food intake in Slovenian adolescents and adherence to the Optimized Mixed Diet: a nationally representative study
Authors: Kobe Helena , Štimec Matevž , Ribič Cirila Hlastan , Fidler Mis Nataša 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the food intake of Slovenian adolescents and to compare it with food-based dietary guidelines developed for children and adolescents, named the Optimized Mixed Diet (OMD). The OMD is a useful tool for the evaluation of food intake of adolescents.DesignAll adolescents completed an FFQ at a regional health centre; a subgroup also completed a 3 d weighed dietary protocol at home.SettingThis study is a part of the first national representative study on the dietary habits of Slovenian adolescents.SubjectsThis cross-sectional study included a representative sample of 2813 Slovenian adolescents entering high school, aged 14–17 years, from all ten geographical regions of Slovenia.ResultsThe greatest deviations from the recommended intakes of the main food groups in the OMD were significantly lower intakes of (P < 0·001, mean): vegetables (179 and 163 g/d in boys and girls, respectively), bread/cereals (271 and 226 g/d), potatoes/rice/pasta (212 and 163 g/d); in boys also a significantly lower intake of fruits (mean: 321 g/d, P < 0·001) and a significantly higher intake of meat/meat products (mean: 126 g/d, P < 0·001). Additionally, the results show too high intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and too low intakes of fish and plant oils in both genders.ConclusionsThe food intake pattern of Slovenian adolescents deviates markedly from a healthy eating pattern. Nutrition education and interventions are needed for Slovenian adolescents.
“WALK WITH ME IN WHITE”
Authors: Steedman Marek D. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis article argues that Americans operate with a concept and practice of political autonomy centered on a notion of “mastery,” which is inextricably linked to race, gender, and class hierarchy. I adopt Max Weber's concept of mastery and use it to broaden the construct of aHerrenvolkdemocracy beyond its traditional association with White supremacy. I then use this theoretical framework to illuminate the emergence of segregation in Atlanta between 1880 and 1910. This period marks a crucial transformation in the concept of race in the United States, as the paternalism of Southern agricultural relations is transposed by Southern Progressives into more urban and industrial settings. I conclude by raising the possibility that the concept of political autonomy currently operative in the United States shares important common ground with the ideological achievements of the Southern Progressives, confounding institutional attempts to foster citizen autonomy.
INTRODUCTION TO “THE SOCIAL SIGNIFICANCE OF BOOKER T. WASHINGTON” By W. E. B. DU BOIS
Authors: Brown Robert 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe Du Bois Review is pleased to publish, for the first time, this significant reflection on “the meaning of Booker T. Washington to America,” and in so doing highlight Du Bois's desire to see courage, rather than sacrifice, prevail in the face of injustice. This previously unpublished essay is among the W. E. B. Du Bois Papers housed in the Special Collections and University Archives at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. It was brought to our attention by Robert Brown, who provides an introductory essay including an analysis of the likely date the essay was penned. We present it to our readers with the permission of The David Graham Du Bois Trust.
Working with suicidal clients: The person‐centred counsellor's experience and understanding of risk assessment
Authors: Moerman Marijke 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackground: Client risk assessment within the person‐centred paradigm is traditionally seen as squarely opposed to its ethos. Aim: To determine how the person‐centred counsellor experiences and understands the issue of risk assessment within the confines of their work ethos. Method: Semi‐structured interviews with seven person‐centred counsellors using thematic analysis were conducted. Findings: Three main themes emerged following thematic analysis: The impact of the risk assessment process on self; The counsellor's experience of self, and The therapeutic process in relation to risk assessment. Discussion: The findings suggest that person‐centred counsellors conduct risk assessments taking a holistic approach involving not only individual risk predictors and characteristics of the client but also individual factors related to self.
Respiratory and locomotor muscle blood‐volume and oxygenation kinetics during intense intermittent exercise
Authors: Tong Tom K. , Lin Hua , McConnell Alison , Eston Roger , Zheng Jun , Nie Jinlei 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn this study, we examined the time course of changes in the blood volume and oxygenation of accessory respiratory (RM) and locomotor (LM) muscles, and the interrelationships of changes in these parameters during maximal incremental intermittent exercise in 15 non‐endurance‐trained active men. Blood volume and oxygenation of the serratus anterior and of vastus lateralis were measured simultaneously by near‐infrared spectroscopy. The respiratory compensation point, and the breakpoints where abrupt changes were apparent in RM and LM blood volume and oxygenation versus time were identified. During exercise, the decreases in RM and LM oxygenation were accentuated in the vicinity of the respiratory compensation point. This was concomitant with a reduction in LM, but not RM, blood volume. The time at which the respiratory compensation point and the breakpoints in RM and LM blood volume and oxygenation were detected (70.2–75.0% exercise time) did not differ, and were inter‐correlated (r=0.56 to 0.95). Moreover, the rate of the accelerated fall of oxygenation in the locomotor muscles was correlated with that of the decline in blood volume in that area (r=0.73), and with that of the accelerated fall of oxygenation in the respiratory muscles (r=0.71). The results suggest that the high ventilatory demand, which occurs naturally during intense intermittent exercise in non‐endurance‐trained individuals, may precipitate an accelerated fall in RM oxygenation, concomitant with a reduction in LM blood volume and an accentuated decline in LM oxygenation. Such responses are likely to occur above the respiratory compensation point during intermittent exercise.
Sfp‐type 4′‐phosphopantetheinyl transferase is required for lysine synthesis, tolerance to oxidative stress and virulence in the plant pathogenic fungus Cochliobolus sativus
Authors: LENG YUEQIANG , ZHONG SHAOBIN 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYPolyketide synthases (PKSs) and nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) are the major enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, which have diverse activities, including roles as pathogenicity/virulence factors in plant pathogenic fungi. These enzymes are activated by 4′‐phosphopantetheinylation at the conserved serine residues, which is catalysed by 4′‐phosphopantetheinyl transferase (PPTase). PPTase is also required for primary metabolism (α‐aminoadipate reductase, AAR). In the genome sequence of the cereal fungal pathogen Cochliobolus sativus, we identified a gene (PPT1) orthologous to the PPTase‐encoding genes found in other filamentous ascomycetes. The deletion of PPT1 in C. sativus generated mutants (Δppt1) that were auxotrophic for lysine, unable to synthesize melanin, hypersensitive to oxidative stress and significantly reduced in virulence to barley cv. Bowman. To analyse the pleiotropic effects of PPT1, we also characterized deletion mutants for PKS1 (involved in melanin synthesis), AAR1 (for AAR) and NPS6 (involved in siderophore‐mediated iron metabolism). The melanin‐deficient strain (Δpks1) showed no differences in pathogenicity and virulence compared with the wild‐type strain. Lysine‐auxotrophic mutants (Δaar1) induced spot blotch symptoms, as produced by the wild‐type strain, when inoculated on wounded barley leaves or when lysine was supplemented. The Δnps6 strain showed a slightly reduced virulence compared with the wild‐type strain, but exhibited significantly higher virulence than the Δppt1 strain. Our results suggest that an unknown virulence factor, presumably synthesized by PKSs or NRPSs which are activated by PPTase, is directly responsible for high virulence of C. sativus on barley cv. Bowman.
Regulation of disease‐responsive genes mediated by epigenetic factors: interaction of Arabidopsis–Pseudomonas
Authors: DE‐LA‐PEÑA CLELIA , RANGEL‐CANO ALICIA , ALVAREZ‐VENEGAS RAÚL 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYGenes in eukaryotic organisms function within the context of chromatin, and the mechanisms that modulate the structure of chromatin are defined as epigenetic. In Arabidopsis, pathogen infection induces the expression of at least one histone deacetylase, suggesting that histone acetylation/deacetylation has an important role in the pathogenic response in plants. How/whether histone methylation affects gene response to pathogen infection is unknown. To gain a better understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms regulating the interaction between Pseudomonas syringae and Arabidopsis thaliana, we analysed three different Arabidopsis ash1‐related (absent, small or homeotic discs 1) mutants. We found that the loss of function of ASHH2 and ASHR1 resulted in faster hypersensitive responses (HRs) to both mutant (hrpA) and pathogenic (DC3000) strains of P. syringae, whereas control (Col‐0) and ashr3 mutants appeared to be more resistant to the infection after 2 days. Furthermore, we showed that, in the ashr3 background, the PR1 gene (PATHOGENESIS‐RELATED GENE 1) displayed the highest expression levels on infection with DC3000, correlating with increased resistance against this pathogen. Our results show that, in both the ashr1 and ashh2 backgrounds, the histone H3 lysine 4 dimethylation (H3K4me2) levels decreased at the promoter region of PR1 on infection with the DC3000 strain, suggesting that an epigenetically regulated PR1 expression is involved in the plant defence. Our results suggest that histone methylation in response to pathogen infection may be a critical component in the signalling and defence processes occurring between plants and microbes.
The role of routine pre‐operative bedside echocardiography in detecting aortic stenosis in patients with a hip fracture*
Authors: Loxdale S. J. , Sneyd J. R. , Donovan A. , Werrett G. , Viira D. J. 
Published: October 2011

SummaryThe prevalence and severity of aortic stenosis in unselected patients admitted with a hip fracture is unknown. Derriford Hospital operates a routine weekday, pre‐operative, targeted bedside echocardiography examination on all patients admitted with a hip fracture. We carried out a prospective service evaluation for 13 months from October 2007 on all 501 admissions, of which 374 (75%) underwent pre‐operative echocardiography. Of those patients investigated, 8 (2%) had severe, 24 (6%) moderate and 113 (30%) had mild aortic stenosis or aortic sclerosis. Eighty‐seven of 278 (31%) patients with no murmur detected clinically on admission had aortic stenosis on echocardiography and of the 96 patients in whom a murmur was heard pre‐operatively, 30 (31%) had a normal echocardiogram. Detection of a murmur does not necessarily reflect the presence of underling aortic valve disease. However, if a murmur is heard then the likelihood of the lesion's being moderate or severe aortic stenosis is increased (OR 8.5; 95% CI 3.8–19.5). Forty‐four (12%) of our unselected patients with fractured femur had either moderate or severe aortic stenosis (with or without moderate or severe left ventricular failure), or mild stenosis with moderately or severely impaired left ventricular function.
Genome‐wide association analysis for feed efficiency in Angus cattle
Authors: Rolf M. M. , Taylor J. F. , Schnabel R. D. , McKay S. D. , McClure M. C. , Northcutt S. L. , Kerley M. S. , Weaber R. L. 
Published: October 2011

SummaryEstimated breeding values for average daily feed intake (AFI; kg/day), residual feed intake (RFI; kg/day) and average daily gain (ADG; kg/day) were generated using a mixed linear model incorporating genomic relationships for 698 Angus steers genotyped with the Illumina BovineSNP50 assay. Association analyses of estimated breeding values (EBVs) were performed for 41 028 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and permutation analysis was used to empirically establish the genome‐wide significance threshold (P < 0.05) for each trait. SNPs significantly associated with each trait were used in a forward selection algorithm to identify genomic regions putatively harbouring genes with effects on each trait. A total of 53, 66 and 68 SNPs explained 54.12% (24.10%), 62.69% (29.85%) and 55.13% (26.54%) of the additive genetic variation (when accounting for the genomic relationships) in steer breeding values for AFI, RFI and ADG, respectively, within this population. Evaluation by pathway analysis revealed that many of these SNPs are in genomic regions that harbour genes with metabolic functions. The presence of genetic correlations between traits resulted in 13.2% of SNPs selected for AFI and 4.5% of SNPs selected for RFI also being selected for ADG in the analysis of breeding values. While our study identifies panels of SNPs significant for efficiency traits in our population, validation of all SNPs in independent populations will be necessary before commercialization.
Genome‐wide associations for investigating time‐dependent genetic effects for milk production traits in dairy cattle
Authors: Strucken E. M. , Bortfeldt R. H. , de Koning D. J. , Brockmann G. A. 
Published: October 2011

SummaryPhenotypic variation in milk production traits has been described over the course of a lactation as well as between different parities. The objective of this study was to investigate whether variation in production is affected by different loci across lactations. A genome‐wide association study (GWAS) using a 50‐k SNP chip was conducted in 152 divergent German Holstein Friesian cows to test for association with milk production traits over different lactations. The first four lactations were analysed regarding milk yield, fat, protein, lactose, milk urea nitrogen yield and content as well as somatic cell score. Two approaches were used: (i) Wilmink curve parameters were used to assess the genetic effects over the course of a lactation and (ii) test‐day yield deviations (YD) were used as a normative approach for a GWAS. The significant effects were largest for markers affecting curve parameters for which there was a statistical power <0.8 of detection even in this small design. While significant markers for YDs were detected in this study, the power to detect effects of a similar magnitude was only 0.11, suggesting that many loci may have been missed with this approach in the present design. Furthermore, all significant effects were specific for a single lactation, leading to the conclusion that the variance explained by a certain locus changes from lactation to lactation. We confirm the common evidence that most production traits vary in the degree of persistency after the peak as a result of genetic influence.
Hodgkin lymphoma as Richter transformation in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: a retrospective analysis of world literature
Authors: Bockorny Bruno , Codreanu Ion , Dasanu Constantin A. 
Published: October 2011

SummaryRichter transformation in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) represents an entity of considerable genetic, molecular, immunological and clinical heterogeneity. A rare occurrence, Hodgkin variant of Richter syndrome, has not been comprehensively characterized or systematized to date. We conducted a retrospective analysis of the existing cases of Hodgkin lymphoma as Richter syndrome reported in the medical literature in the previous three and a half decades. Our search identified 86 such patients; this entity affects predominantly older men and the most common histological subtype is mixed cellularity. Interval between the diagnosis of CLL and subsequent development of Hodgkin lymphoma is circa 4·3 years. The overall survival of patients was approximately 1·7 years in our analysed cohort. However, our pooled data showed that patients in whom CLL had been treated with fludarabine had a shorter survival after transformation compared to the ones not treated with this agent. The role of immunosuppression and Epstein–Barr virus infection in the aetiopathogenesis of this entity remains to be clarified.
Longitudinal analysis of antibody response to immunization in paediatric survivors after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Inaba Hiroto , Hartford Christine M. , Pei Deqing , Posner Meredith J. , Yang Jie , Hayden Randall T. , Srinivasan Ashok , Triplett Brandon M. , McCulllers Jon A. , Pui Ching‐Hon , Leung Wing 
Published: October 2011

SummaryThe long‐term antibody responses to re‐immunization in recipients of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) have not been well studied. We prospectively and longitudinally evaluated the antibody responses to eight vaccine antigens (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, measles, mumps, rubella, hepatitis B, and poliovirus) and assessed the factors associated with negative titres in 210 allo‐HSCT recipients at St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital. Antibody responses lasting for more than 5 years after immunization were observed in most patients for tetanus (95·7%), rubella (92·3%), poliovirus (97·9%), and, in diphtheria‐tetanus‐acellular pertussis (DTaP) recipients, diphtheria (100%). However, responses to pertussis (25·0%), measles (66·7%), mumps (61·5%), hepatitis B (72·9%), and diphtheria in tetanus‐diphtheria (Td) recipients (48·6%) were less favourable, with either only transient antibody responses or persistently negative titres. Factors associated with vaccine failure were older age at immunization; lower CD3, CD4 or CD19 counts; higher IgM concentrations; positive recipient cytomegalovirus serology; negative titres before immunization; acute or chronic graft‐versus‐host disease; and radiation during preconditioning. These response patterns and clinical factors can be used to formulate re‐immunization and monitoring strategies. Patients at risk for vaccine failure should have long‐term follow‐up; those with loss of antibody response or no seroconversion should receive booster immunizations.
Deregulated expression of HMGA2 is implicated in clonal expansion of PIGA deficient cells in paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria
Authors: Murakami Yoshiko , Inoue Norimitsu , Shichishima Tsutomu , Ohta Rieko , Noji Hideyoshi , Maeda Yusuke , Nishimura Jun‐ichi , Kanakura Yuzuru , Kinoshita Taroh 
Published: October 2011

SummaryPatients with paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) have expanded clonal cells bearing a somatic mutation in the PIGA gene. Our previous study on two PNH patients with chromosome 12 rearrangements demonstrated the involvement of HMGA2 expression in clonal expansion. The present study investigated HMGA2 expression in PNH patients without chromosomal abnormalities. The expression of short HMGA2 with latent exon was significantly high in peripheral blood cells from 18 of 24 patients. Over‐expression of truncated HMGA2 in mouse bone marrow cells caused expansion in recipient mice. These results support the idea that deregulated expression of HMGA2 causes expansion of PNH cells.
Recent advances in the understanding of Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Authors: Badalian‐Very Gayane , Vergilio Jo‐Anne , Degar Barbara A. , Rodriguez‐Galindo Carlos , Rollins Barrett J. 
Published: October 2011

SummaryLangerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a proliferative disease of cells that share phenotypic characteristics with the primary antigen presenting cells of the epidermis. Its clinical manifestations are highly variable, extending from very benign forms to a disseminated, aggressive disease that causes significant mortality. Although many of the fundamental pathogenetic features of LCH have been enigmatic, recent advances have led to a much clearer understanding of the disease. In particular, careful molecular analyses of mouse models and human LCH samples suggest that LCH’s cell of origin may not be the epidermal LC itself but a myeloid‐derived precursor. Advanced genomic technologies have revealed the presence of activating, somatic BRAF mutations in the majority of patient specimens. Together, these observations have produced a new picture of LCH as a myeloid neoplasm. These advances are likely to have profound implications for the use of targeted therapeutics in LCH.
Gravity and magnetic investigation on the distribution of volcanic rocks in the Qinggelidi area, north‐eastern Junggar Basin (north‐west China)
Authors: Yushan Yang , Yuanyuan Li , Tianyou Liu 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTA detailed investigation on the location of magmatic intrusions in the Carboniferous strata of the Qinggelidi area, north‐eastern Junggar Basin, is presented based on the interpretation of gravity and magnetic data constrained by petrophysical data, seismics and surface geology. The wavelet multi‐resolution analysis based on the discrete wavelet transform is adopted to the regional‐residual separation of gravity and magnetic anomalies. A power spectrum analysis is applied to estimate the source depths corresponding to different scales. A comparative analysis on the characteristics of local gravity and magnetic anomalies improved our understanding of volcanic rock distribution in the Carboniferous strata. Generally speaking, in total 75 anomalies are recognized, among which 23 are inferred to be the responses of basalts, diabases and andesites with high density and strong magnetization. Twelve anomalies are assumed to be caused by andesites, rhyolites and volcanic breccias with medium‐low density and high magnetization. There are still five anomalies that are believed to be generated by volcanic tuffs with low density and weak magnetization. Lastly, four cross‐sections in 3D gravity and magnetic modelling are displayed to provide a more thorough image of volcanic rocks in our study area.