bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety of Oscillating‐Rotating Powered Brushes Compared to Manual Toothbrushes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Van der Weijden Fridus A. , Campbell Shelly L. , Dörfer Christof E. , González‐Cabezas Carlos , Slot Dagmar E. 
Published: September 2010

Background: Oscillating‐rotating power toothbrushes have been proven clinically efficacious. To our knowledge, a comprehensive review of all clinical and laboratory investigations solely comparing the safety of these toothbrushes to the standard of care (i.e., manual toothbrushes) has not been published. The aim of this systematic review is to examine the literature concerning the relative soft and/or hard tissue safety outcomes with the use of oscillating‐rotating toothbrushes compared to manual toothbrushes.Methods: With the use of electronic databases of the National Library of Medicine (PubMed‐MEDLINE), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Cochrane‐CENTRAL), and the Excerpta Medical Database (EMBASE), a search of in vivo and in vitro trials through May 2010 was conducted to identify appropriate studies that evaluated the effects of an oscillating‐rotating power toothbrush compared to a manual toothbrush with respect to soft and/or hard tissue safety. Eligible trials incorporated a safety evaluation as a primary or secondary outcome parameter (i.e., gingival recession, observed/reported adverse events, and hard tissue effects) or used a surrogate parameter (i.e., stained gingival abrasion and brushing force) to assess safety. Data extraction for the primary‐ and surrogate‐measure safety studies, which included mean values and SDs when available, and a meta‐analysis of the gingival recession data were performed.Results: Independent screening of the titles and abstracts of 697 PubMed‐MEDLINE, 436 Cochrane‐CENTRAL, and 664 EMBASE papers resulted in 35 publications that met the eligibility criteria. The mean change in gingival recession was not significantly different among toothbrush groups in the two selected trials with safety as a primary outcome (weighted mean difference: 0.03). A meta‐analysis of the five trials that evaluated safety with a surrogate parameter was not possible; however, there were no significant between‐group differences at the study end in any trial. A descriptive analysis of the 24 selected studies assessing safety as a secondary outcome revealed few brushing‐related adverse events. The heterogeneity in objectives and methodology of the four in vitro trials that met the eligibility criteria precluded generalization of the results.Conclusion: A large body of published research in the preceding 2 decades has consistently shown oscillating‐rotating toothbrushes to be safe compared to manual toothbrushes, demonstrating that these power toothbrushes do not pose a clinically relevant concern to hard or soft tissues.
Using "Fast Models" for Selecting the Right Decision—A Norwegian North Sea Case Study
Authors: Hollund K. , Kolbjørnsen O. , Syversveen A. R. , Lie T. , Jørstad A. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The Alvheim field is located offshore Norway and consists of several oil and gas discoveries which contains hydrocarbons in good quality Paleocene sandstones. In the early phases of the development the in-place oil and gas volumes were to a large degree uncertain. Nevertheless, the partners needed to work on the concept selection issues.
The model described in the paper includes a tool for displaying important upside potential seen in geological and geophysical evaluations and parametric model for the production profiles. This results in a "fast model" that could be applied as part of a Monte Carlo model handling all essential elements in the cash flow for various field development concepts.
One of the challenges was to make a model that realistically accounted for the information we knew would appear during production. This was solved using an optimizing inside the Monte Carlo simulation.
The developed model proved useful. Running the model would quickly give comparable economic figures for various concepts. The upside potential and risk associated could also be studied. Another important property of the model was the ability to incorporate the results of the appraisal wells and narrow the uncertainty range in the modeling as soon as the information became available.
E&P: Mature-Asset Expertise
Authors: Garcia-Blanco M. T. , Seltzer R. N. , Chernacov A. , Laria G. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
YPF operates in Argentina, where some fields have produced hydrocarbons for over a century. Faced by this, in 2007 YPF-E&P decided to change its course of action and determined a new strategy focusing on "achieving excellence in mature fields operations as a competitive advantage for growth". Two main objectives were defined: increasing recovery factors and improving the operational efficiency.
In order to achieve these goals, opportunities for improvement were identified as a result of process oriented asset management with focus in improved measurement and analysis with professionals of proven technical soundness. The latter were reinforced by the hiring of new employees from the YPF-E&P Masters programme and graduates from the best technical universities, increasing staff by 37%. The new management scheme implied a reevaluation of all YPF-E&P assets, the application of the FEL (Front-End Loading) methodology and a strict peer review process for every project to be implemented. An activity based costing (ABC) and budgeting (ABB) model for lifting, drilling and contracts were developed and adopted. These changes led to the implementation of portfolio management techniques.
After three years we are now able to evaluate the results. Drilling costs have been decreased by 30%, driven by a 21% reduction in well construction time, production losses and corrective maintenance were reduced by over 20%. Pulling and workovers costs decreased 22% and 29% respectively, pushing lifting costs down 13%. In the Golfo San Jorge Basin, the oldest one in the country, a reserves replacement ratio of over 100% was achieved in the last two years. Whilst improving the profitability and stabilizing personnel (rotation less than 2%), significant improvement in HS&E (Reducing LTI by11%) was also achieved.
The paper describes the strategic thinking, diagnostic methods, processes, technology and systems that permitted the transformation of YPF-E&P and the delivery of these results.
A Software for Poroelastic Analyses of Borehole Stability
Authors: Cui L. , Abousleiman Y. , Ekbote S. , Roegiers J. -C. , Zaman M. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Boreholes are usually drilled through fluid-saturated formations. The conventional elastic solutions for boreholes cannot treat appropriately the coupling effects between the rock matrix deformation and pore fluid flow. These effects are fully captured by the application of poroelasticity to the borehole problems. This paper presents the software, PBORE-3D for Windows, which is capable of performing stability analyses of boreholes taking into consideration the fully coupled effects between the rock matrix and pore fluid using recently-developed poroelastic borehole models. PBORE-3D can perform analyses of stress/pore pressure, formation failure, and mud weight design; the input can be entered conveniently and results can be displayed graphically through the interfaces. Various features and user-friendly environments of PBORE-3D are also demonstrated through examples.
Coexistence of the Fishing Industries and Offshore Hydrocarbon Development: The Sable Offshore Energy Project Case
Authors: Tsui P. T. P. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
This paper describes how the offshore and nearshore fishing industries were engaged in resolving potential conflicts that could have arisen from the development of the Sable Offshore Energy Project (SOEP). This project involves the development of six gas/condensate fields containing 85 billion m3 of recoverable gas reserves on the Scotian Shelf in the Canadian Atlantic. The offshore production facilities included one central manned platform complex and five unmanned platforms; 28 production wells, 175 km of interfield flowlines, and a 225-km-long pipeline from the central platform to onshore facilities in Nova Scotia, Canada.
Through the formation of focused fishery liaison committees, fishers and project personnel worked together to resolve issues concerning sharing of the sea and the sea bed; communications; compensation; and the design of an environmental effects monitoring program. This case study is site-specific, but may offer a practical model for the coexistence of the fishing and the petroleum industries during the development of a new offshore petroleum field.
The Political Economy of Oil: Piper Alpha and the British Offshore Oil Industry
Authors: Beck Professor Matthias , Woolfson Charles 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Following the Piper Alpha disaster in 1988, the British Offshore Oil and Gas Industry has implemented a new framework for offshore risk assessment which had been endorsed by Lord Cullen's enquiry. This paper gives a critical assessment of the developments in offshore safety and risk management over the past decade. It notes that the new approach to offshore safety management has encountered a number of critical problems that have ultimately undermined the efficacy of the new offshore safety regime. These problems include: (a) The exclusive nature of Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA); (b) The rise of multi-skilling; (c) The imprecision of QRA; (d) Implementation and communication problems. The lecture identifies an, albeit tentative, link between these problems and the continuously high rate of offshore accidents.
Case Histories of the Intermediate Horizontal Radius Drilling in Turbidite Deposits Pangkalansusu
Authors: Ringoringo A. F. M. , Sugiyanto B. , Daryono Daryono , Jethnani J. R. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Reservoirs of Turbidite deposits in Pangkalansusu marginal oil field are part of several anticlinorium that cross the Pangkalansusu, known as Besitang River Sands Member (BRS). The reservoir is structurally complex, with low porosity and permeability. The implementation of intermediate horizontal drilling technology in Pangkalansusu has revitalized this abandoned/marginal field and created additional recoverable reserves. As of October 2001, three successful 6″ re-entry horizontal wells were been drilled. Average production from these wells is 4 MMSCFD of gas and 60 - 70 BOPD (Oil and condensate),which is an eightfold increase as compared to offset vertical wells in the area. The paper will discuss the benefits of drilling horizontal wells with build up rates in excess of 30 /100’.In particularly on re-entry wells where the use of the existing wellbore can be maximized, cost can be reduced and reservoir life can be extended. The paper will also review the case histories(including completion designs) as well as concerns associated with the use of this technology.
The SSP-300: An Alternative to the Oil Industry
Authors: Smedal A. , Syvertsen K. , Lopes C. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The SSP (Sevan Stabilized Platform) is basically a mono-hull with circular shape, depending on the same stability principles as a ship-shaped vessel. The SSP-300 refers to one SSP hull size, capable of storing 300,000 barrels of cargo. Differently than the SPARs, the SSP is wider than her vertical height, with an operational draft that is typically less than one third of her diameter. The circular shape dispenses the unit of any heading changes, since the seas face the same vessel hydrodynamical resistance, whichever direction they are coming from. Consequently, the SSP does not need turrets nor swivels, in order to handle the incoming oil flow, having the option of receiving the risers through a central moon-pool, while maintaining a spread-mooring system separately deployed from her outer hull.
The design also includes important safety features, like double bottom and double sides, which allows for segregated ballast and offers structural strengthening. The highly symetrical shape is also conducive to modularity and a good stress distribution throughout the hull, preventing fatigue stress concentration and doing away with the need of using high grade steel. The result is that the hull is composed of a small number of different construction modules, used repeatedly, and a lower steel density for the hull, which translates readily into smaller construction cost and yard time.
The SSP not only offers all the advantages of a regular ship-shaped vessel – like large storage capacity, big deck load, and spacious deck area – but has motion behaviour similar or better than a semi-submersible hull. Construction is facilitated by the intrinsic symmetry, which also offers access to all tanks from a central position, thus reducing piping and cabling. This paper will address these, and other features of the SSP (including the structural economies allowed by the design), describing a concept design that can be constructed virtually anywhere, and with enough robustness to compete sucessfully in a wide range of applications, throughout the world.
Vibration Perception Threshold as a Measure of Distal Symmetrical Peripheral Neuropathy in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Martin Catherine L. , Waberski Barbara H. , Pop-Busui Rodica , Cleary Patricia A. , Catton Sarah , Albers James W. , Feldman Eva L. , Herman William H. ,   on behalf of the DCCT/EDIC Research Group
Published: September 2010

OBJECTIVE
To describe the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of vibration perception threshold (VPT) testing in subjects with type 1 diabetes relative to gold standard assessments of peripheral neuropathy.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
VPT was determined in 1,177 adults with type 1 diabetes 13–14 years after participating in a study of intensive (INT) versus conventional (CONV) diabetes treatment. Abnormal VPT was defined by values exceeding 2.5 SD above age-specific normal values. Signs and symptoms of peripheral neuropathy were assessed and electrodiagnostic studies were performed to establish definite clinical neuropathy, abnormal nerve conduction, and confirmed clinical neuropathy (the presence of both definite clinical neuropathy and abnormal nerve conduction).

RESULTS
Thirty-seven percent of subjects had definite clinical neuropathy, 61% had abnormal nerve conduction, and 30% had confirmed clinical neuropathy. Abnormal VPT was more common among former CONV than among INT subjects (64 vs. 57%, P &lt; 0.05) and was associated with older age. VPT was a sensitive measure of confirmed clinical neuropathy (87%) and of definite clinical neuropathy (80%) and a specific measure of abnormal nerve conduction (62%). Higher VPT cut points improved test sensitivity and lower cut points improved specificity. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves ranged from 0.71–0.83 and were higher for older than for younger subjects and highest for those with confirmed clinical neuropathy.

CONCLUSIONS
VPT was a sensitive measure of peripheral neuropathy. Future researchers may choose to select VPT cut points for defining abnormality based on the population studied and clinical outcome of interest.
Structural and age hardening characteristics of near eutectic Al–Si alloys
Authors: Kaur Kamalpreet , Pandey Om Prakash 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn the present work structural features of near eutectic Al–Si and Al–Si–Cu alloys prepared by a normal melting and casting route are studied. It is observed that morphology of Si plays an important role in enhancing the mechanical properties of Al–Si alloys. In order to modify the Si network in the matrix of Al some immiscible elements such as Pb, Sn, Cd and Bi have been added in small quantities to the alloy. Since the structure developed after casting governs the mechanical properties, it is essential to understand the structural features before testing the mechanical properties. Taking into consideration the age hardening characteristics of the alloys, microstructural assessment and a thermal study of these alloys have been done. Thermal analysis shows that immiscible elements are homogeneously distributed in the alloys. It is observed that the addition of Pb leads to a rosette type structure, whereas in the case of Cd and Sn blunt and twisted Si needles can be seen. The structural features of the eutectic change to hypoeutectic completely on addition of Bi. The shift in the eutectic depression on addition of a ternary element causes a change in the morphology of Si. Addition of Cu to the Al–Si alloys gives precipitation hardening characteristics.
Mechanical testing of a modified stabilisation method for tibial tuberosity advancement
Authors: Barthelemy N. , Mills J. , Pascon F. , Ragetly G. R. , Balligand M. , Etchepareborde S. 
Published: September 2010

Summary
Objectives: This in vitro study evaluated three modified techniques of tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA). Loads to failure were calculated for each technique.
Methods: A 9 mm TTA procedure was performed in the tibiae of dogs weighing between 32 and 38 kg. In group 1 (n = 12), the distal part of the tibial crest was left attached to the tibia by the cranial cortex, and a figure-of-eight wire was added for stabilisation. In group 2 (n = 12), the tibial crest was left attached but no additional device was used for stabilisation. In group 3 (n = 12), the tibial crest was completely separated from the tibia and fixed by a figure-of-eight wire so that, in this group, only the wire opposed avulsion of the tibial crest. Unidirectional axial force was applied via the patella to determine the maximal load to failure of the model.
Results: There was no significant difference between group 1 and group 2. These two groups both had a significantly stronger construct than that of group 3.
Clinical significance: We described modifications to the TTA procedure without plate fixation that warrant clinical investigation. When the crest is broken during its advancement, the tension sustained by the repair is significantly weaker from a biomechanical point of view and the use of such a repair clinically is not recommended by the authors.
Radiographic features of the dorsal condylar sagittal ridge of the third metacarpal and metatarsal bones in young Warmblood stallions
Authors: Martens A. , Declercq J. , Busoni V. , Vanderperren K. , van Bree H. , Saunders J. H. , Hauspie S. 
Published: September 2010

Summary
Objectives: To describe the radiographic appearance of the dorsoproximal aspect of the sagittal ridge of the third metacarpal/metatarsal bone in Warmblood horses.
Methods: The lateromedial radiographic projections of the metacarpo-/metatarsophalangeal joints performed on horses as a part of stallion selection were used. The dorsal aspect of the distal third metacarpal/metatarsal bone was divided in two areas. The appearance of the bone surface in area I was classified as normal, irregular, notch, indentation and lucency. For area II, the categories were normal, irregular, depression or lucency and flattening of the sagittal ridge. Other abnormalities at the dorsal aspect were also noted.
Results: In area I, 51.5% of the ridges appeared normal, 19.3% were irregular, 8.9% had a notch, 8.1% had a lucency, and 12.2% had an indentation. In 1.2% of the horses a fragment was present, and in 1.7% a fragment was suspected.In area II, 90.6% of the metacarpo-/metatarsophalangeal joints were normal, 6.2% were irregular, 2.9% showed a depression or lucency, and the sagittal ridge in 0.2% was flattened. A fragment was present in 0.3%, and suspected in 0.4%.
Clinical significance: Morphological variation is present at the dorsal aspect of the metacarpo-/metatarsophalangeal joint in young Warmblood stallions. These various aspects should be recognised and described in horses presented for prepurchase examination. However, their clinical relevance in the individual horse is unclear and needs further investigation.Funding: Stijn Hauspie is a research fellow of the “Special Research Fund”, Ghent University (Belgium).
Deformity secondary to bilateral incomplete ossification of the humeral condyle in a German Shorthaired Pointer dog
Authors: DeCamp C. E. , Agnello C. , Steficek B. A. , von Pfeil D. J. F. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryA five-month-old male, German Shorthaired Pointer dog was presented for severe, bilateral, thoracic-limb-lameness, with elbow swelling, pain, and crepitus. Radiography and computed tomography confirmed bilateral incomplete ossification of the humeral condyles (IOHC), with a non-displaced incomplete fracture of the left medial epicondylar crest and condylar deformity, characterised by enlargement of the trochleas with extension of the disto-medial aspect of the bone below the normal elbow joint level, and a deformed proximo-medial aspect of the ulna and radius. Transcondylar lag screws were placed bilaterally in an attempt to prevent fracture. Microscopic examination of biopsies, harvested from both humeral condyles, was supportive of IOHC. Six years after surgery, radiographs showed severe osteoarthritis and it appeared that fusion of the humeral condyles had not occurred. The dog followed an active life style until 10 years after surgery when the elbows showed almost no observable range-of-motion. However, discomfort was evident only after heavy exercise. Incomplete ossification of the humeral condyles may be associated with osteoarthritis, risk for non-union, implant failure, or secondary condylar fracture. This dog maintained good limb function despite these concerns, and despite bilateral humeral condylar deformity as well as development of severe osteoarthritis. This is the first report of a German Shorthaired Pointer dog with IOHC and the first histological description supportive of this condition in a five-month-old dog.
Comparison of four commercial devices to measure limb circumference in dogs
Authors: Roush J. K. , Unis M. D. , Wodiske T. , Baker S. G. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryWe evaluated four measurement devices for obtaining circumferential measurements at four locations on the canine hindlimb and forelimb. We hypothesised that these devices would be consistent and precise in the hands of veterinary professionals with varying experience levels. Circumferential measurements were made in five dogs with no history or clinical evidence of orthopaedic disease. Measurements were obtained in triplicate by three observers at mid-thigh, tibial tuberosity, hock and carpus bilaterally. Results indicated a significantly larger measurement at the left mid-thigh region than the right, with no significant differences between limbs noted at other sites. Measurements with a tape measure and a retractable tape measure resulted in significantly smaller values at each site than an ergonomic measuring tape and a circumference measuring tape. Interobserver variation was 3.6 times higher than intraob-server variation. These results illustrate the importance of consistency when obtaining these measurements. Sequential circumference measurements should be made by the same individual using the same device to decrease measurement variability. Devices were equally precise for repeat measurements although the absolute measurement varied by device.