bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Will we ever use stem cells for the treatment of SUI?: ICI‐RS 2011
Authors: Goldman Howard B. , Sievert Karl‐Dietrich , Damaser Margot S. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAimsTo review the current state of research in the use of stem cells (SCs) for stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and assess the likelihood of this becoming a relevant treatment option.MethodsThe peer‐reviewed literature consisting of relevant clinical and animal studies on the topic of SUI was surveyed and reviewed.ResultsAnimal studies have demonstrated the potential utility of SCs in promoting functional recovery of the urethra after simulated childbirth injury. Research in animals suggests similar urethral recovery after injection of bone marrow derived mesenchymal SC secretions as after injection of the SCs themselves. Therefore, whether the improvements result from the injection of the SCs themselves or from their secretion of specific proteins is unclear. Early clinical trials have demonstrated the feasibility and short‐term safety of injecting muscle‐derived SCs into the urethra to treat SUI.ConclusionsLarger and longer‐term clinical trials are needed. Nonetheless, efficacious SC‐based therapy for the treatment of SUI is practical, achievable and should be available as a treatment modality in the near future. Neurourol. Urodynam. 31:386–389, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A new efficient convergence criterion for reducing computational expense in topology optimization: reducible design variable method
Authors: Kim Sun Yong , Kim Il Yong , Mechefske Chris K. 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARYA new efficient convergence criterion, named the reducible design variable method (RDVM), is proposed to save computational expense in topology optimization. There are two types of computational costs: one is to calculate the governing equations, and the other is to update the design variables. In conventional topology optimization, the number of design variables is usually fixed during the optimization procedure. Thus, the computational expense linearly increases with respect to the iteration number. Some design variables, however, quickly converge and some other design variables slowly converge. The idea of the proposed method is to adaptively reduce the number of design variables on the basis of the history of each design variable during optimization. Using the RDVM, those design variables that quickly converge are not considered as design variables for the next iterations. This means that the number of design variables can be reduced to save the computational costs of updating design variables. Then, the iteration will repeat until the number of design variables becomes 0. In addition, the proposed method can lead to faster convergence of the optimization procedure, which indeed is a more significant time saving. It is also revealed that the RDVM gives identical optimal solutions as those by conventional methods. We confirmed the numerical efficiency and solution effectiveness of the RDVM with respect to two types of optimization: static linear elastic minimization, and linear vibration problems with the first eigenvalue as the objective function for maximization. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Grant making as advocacy: The emergence of social justice philanthropy
Authors: Suárez David F. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn recent decades the phrase “social justice philanthropy” has emerged to describe grant making for progressive social reform. This article investigates this new discourse based on a cross‐sectional analysis of foundations that actively support nonprofit social action. Smaller foundations, younger foundations, and public foundations are more likely to mention social justice or social change in their program descriptions than are other philanthropic institutions. Results indicate that foundations that set international grant making and rights activities as priorities are more likely to adopt this sensitive discourse than are foundations dedicated to other subjects; foundations with longer legacies of supporting reform also discuss social justice more frequently. This article begins to clarify which foundations provide legitimacy for social change nonprofits through their discourse and offers new insights into the role of foundations as policy actors. These findings suggest that the main advocates for a liberal policy voice within the philanthropic community may be smaller foundations and those incorporated as public foundations, a radical flank that pressures other foundations to expand their funding repertoire.
Service learning from the supply side: Community capacity to engage students
Authors: Littlepage Laura , Gazley Beth , Bennett Teresa A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe rapid increase in the use of service learning raises important public policy questions about who is being served and whether partner agencies have the capacity to meet student demand for community‐based experiences. This article uses a large sample of nonprofit organizations and a comparative framework to examine the characteristics of partner agencies and the scope and nature of college student community involvement. Multivariate analysis tests these factors on a community agency's ability to engage more students, particularly service learners. The findings are generally optimistic about agency willingness to involve students, suggesting widespread community benefits from their involvement. While organizational size and capacity predict current student engagement, an agency's past experience with students and its perceptions of student benefits have the greatest impact on its willingness to take on future students.
Comparative safety of infliximab and etanercept on the risk of serious infections: does the association vary by patient characteristics?
Authors: Toh Sengwee , Li Lingling , Harrold Leslie R. , Bayliss Elizabeth A. , Curtis Jeffrey R. , Liu Liyan , Chen Lang , Grijalva Carlos G. , Herrinton Lisa J. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTPurposeInfliximab, a chimeric monoclonal anti‐TNFα antibody, has been found to increase the risk of serious infections compared with the TNF receptor fusion protein etanercept in some studies. It is unclear whether the risk varies by patient characteristics. We conducted a study to address this question.MethodsWe identified members of Kaiser Permanente Northern California who initiated infliximab (n = 793) or etanercept (n = 2692) in 1997–2007. Using a Cox model, we estimated the propensity‐score‐adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of serious infections requiring hospitalization or opportunistic infections comparing infliximab initiators to etanercept initiators. We tested whether the adjusted HR differed by age, sex, race/ethnicity, body mass index, and smoking status.ResultsThe crude incidence rate of serious infections per 100 person‐years was 5.4 (95%CI: 3.8, 7.5) in patients <65 years and 16.0 (95%CI: 10.4, 23.4) in patients ≥65 years during the first 3 months following treatment initiation. Compared with etanercept, the adjusted HR during this period was elevated for infliximab in patients <65 years (HR: 3.01; 95%CI: 1.49, 6.07), but not in those ≥65 years (HR 0.94; 95%CI: 0.41, 2.13). Findings did not suggest that the HR varied by the other patient characteristics examined.ConclusionsAn increased risk of serious infections associated with infliximab relative to etanercept did not appear to be modified by patients' sex, race/ethnicity, body mass index, or smoking status. There was an indication that the increased risk might be limited to patients <65 years. Additional studies are warranted to verify or refute this finding. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Practical method for estimating the power and energy delivered by photovoltaic modules operating under non‐standard conditions
Authors: Hernandez Johan , Vallejo William , Gordillo Gerardo 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTThis work describes a method developed for estimating the energy delivered by building integrated photovoltaics systems operating under non‐standard conditions of irradiance and temperature. The method is based on calculation of the maximum power (PGmax) supplied by the modules array as a function of irradiance and ambient temperature, achieved by simulating its I–V and P–V curves using an algorithm which needs only the performance parameters supplied by the manufacturers. The energy generated by the PV system is estimated from monthly average values of PGmax calculated for using monthly average values of ambient temperature and irradiance obtained from data measured during 2 years. The method is applied to crystalline Si modules and tested by comparing the simulated I–V and P–V curves with those obtained by outdoor measurements as well as for comparing the energy produced during the years 2009 and 2010 with a 3.6 kWp building integrated photovoltaics system installed at the Universidad Nacional located in the city of Bogotá, Colombia, at 4°35′ latitude and 2.580 m altitude. The contrast of the simulated I–V and P–V curves for two different types of commercial Si‐modules with those experimentally obtained under real conditions indicated that the simulation method is reliably. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hyperthermal Atomic Oxygen and Argon Modification of Polymer Surfaces Investigated by Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Kemper Travis W. , Sinnott Susan B. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe deposition of reactive and unreactive particles on polymer surfaces at hyperthermal incident energies is investigated using classical molecular dynamics simulations. The forces are calculated with the second‐generation reactive empirical bond‐order potential with modified parameters for C,H,O interactions. Three prototypical polymers, polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and polystyrene (PS), are modified by atomic oxygen and argon that are deposited with kinetic energies of 25, 50 and 100 eV. The non‐reactive argon is predicted to primarily break carbon–carbon bonds and remove hydrogen as a secondary process, while the reactive oxygen is more efficient at removing hydrogen during new bond formation with the polymer. The PE and PP are found to have similar responses to hyperthermal argon and oxygen deposition, while PS is found to be the most susceptible to oxygen modification.magnified image
Effectiveness of sequencing selected exons of DNAH5 and DNAI1 in diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia
Authors: Djakow Jana , Svobodová Tamara , Hrach Karel , Uhlík Jiří , Cinek Ondřej , Pohunek Petr 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIntroductionPrimary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare genetically heterogenous condition. Mutations in DNAH5 or DNAI1 genes can be found in about a third of the patients with PCD. Increased occurrence of mutations was described in several exons of these long genes. The objective of the study was to test the sensitivity of sequencing of selected 13 exons (as compared to costly sequencing of all 100 exons of the two genes), and to determine the prevalence of the DNAH5 or DNAI1 mutations in the Czech PCD database.MethodsThe Czech national PCD database has identified 31 pediatric patients, diagnosed based on clinical findings and tests on the ciliated epithelium. Twenty‐seven patients from 24 families agreed on genetic testing. In the first step, direct sequencing of selected 13 exons (9 of DNAH5 and 4 of DNAI1) was performed, and then we compared its effectiveness in detecting at least one mutation with results of sequencing all 100 exons of the two genes.ResultsThe sequencing of all exons identified compound heterozygosity for PCD mutations in nine patients from eight families (DNAH5 in eight and DNAI1 in one patient), and heterozygozity for a DNAH5 mutation of uncertain functional significance in one additional patient. The first step of selected exon sequencing detected a mutation in five out of these eight families, its actual sensitivity being 62.5%, with a high predictive value. The phenotypic and clinical characteristics of all the paediatric patients with PCD are shown.ConclusionsSelected exon sequencing detects at least one mutated allele in over a half of our patients who have PCD due to DNAH5 or DNAI1 mutations. To lower the costs of the genetic testing, targeted step‐wise genetic testing may be a reasonable approach to detect mutations in PCD patients, especially if their phenotype is taken into account. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012. 47:864–875. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Vestibular and Motor Contributions to Mobility: Limitations of Seniors Awaiting Discharge from Hospital Care
Authors: Golder Michelle D. , Earl E. Marie , Mallery Laurie H. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackground and PurposeFollowing hospitalization, seniors are at risk of impaired mobility and increased risk of falling, which can lead to injuries and re‐admission. The primary purpose of this paper was to evaluate the ability of hospitalized seniors to use vestibular inputs for balance control. The secondary purpose was to examine the influence of vestibular function and lower limb muscle strength on mobility.MethodsExperimental and correlation designs were used. Patients (aged 65–90 years), preparing for discharge from an inpatient geriatric rehabilitation unit, were recruited. Vestibular control of standing balance was measured using the Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction for Balance (CTSIB). Mobility was measured with the Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test. Lower limb muscle maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) strength was tested with portable dynamometry. Wilcoxon signed rank test, with alpha adjusted for multiple comparisons (p ≤ 0.017), was used to compare relevant components of the CTSIB. Stepwise regression was used to assess the influence of vestibular impairment on TUG score.ResultsCTSIBTest6 (median = 7.1 seconds, range = 0.0–30.0) was less than CTSIBTest1 (30.0 seconds, 30.0–30.0) and CTSIBTest4 (30.0 seconds, 10.5–30.0) (W = 136, p < 0.017). MVIC scores (Nm·kg−1, mean ± SD) included hip abduction 0.38 ± 0.2, hip flexion 0.32 ± 0.1, hip extension 0.44 ± 0.2, knee flexion 0.31 ± 0.1, knee extension 0.33 ± 0.2, ankle dorsiflexion 0.12 ± 0.1 and ankle plantarflexion 0.23 ± 0.1. Mean TUG score was 26.1 ± 6.0 seconds. Performance on CTSIBTest6 explained 55% of the variance in TUG scores, whereas hip extension strength explained an additional 6%.ConclusionsSeniors awaiting discharge from hospital had impaired vestibular control of balance that was systematically associated with impaired mobility. Evaluating vestibular function prior to discharge from hospital could improve discharge planning with respect to management of impairments that threaten balance and safe mobility. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recent advances in F‐theory compactifications
Authors: Weigand T. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe review recent progress in the construction of F‐theory compactifications on elliptically fibered Calabi‐Yau 4‐folds. Of special importance is the resolution of the singularities in complex codimension one, two and three. These encode 7‐branes along holomorphic divisors carrying non‐abelian gauge groups, localised matter at the intersection of pairs of 7‐branes and Yukawa interactions, respectively. Toric methods admit the explicit construction of a large class of resolved 4‐folds. In particular the matter surfaces and interaction points can be analysed in great detail via resolution by blow‐up. Engineering chiral matter spectra requires non‐trivial gauge bundles described as certain types of G4‐fluxes. The recent construction of such fluxes paves the way for globally defined 3‐generation models e.g. of SU(5) GUT type, possibly including extra U(1) factors.
Conformal higher spin theory in extended tensorial superspace
Authors: Bandos I.A. , de Azcárraga J.A. , Meliveo C. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe discuss the formulation of free conformal higher spin theories with extended 𝒩 = 2, 4, 8 supersymmetry in 𝒩‐extended tensorial superspaces. The superfield higher spin equations can be obtained by quantizing a superparticle model in 𝒩‐extended tensorial superspace. The 𝒩‐extended higher spin supermultiplets just contain scalar and ‘spinor’ fields in tensorial space so that, in contrast with the standard (super)space approach, no nontrivial generalizations of the Maxwell or Einstein equations to tensorial space appear when 𝒩 > 2. For 𝒩 = 4, 8, the higher spin‐tensorial components of the extended tensorial superfields are expressed through additional scalar and spinor fields in tensorial space which obey the same free higher spin equations, but that are axion‐like in the sense that they possess Peccei‐Quinn‐like symmetries.
Role of dutasteride in pre‐clinical ETS fusion‐positive prostate cancer models
Authors: Ateeq Bushra , Vellaichamy Adaikkalam , Tomlins Scott A. , Wang Rui , Cao Qi , Lonigro Robert J. , Pienta Kenneth J. , Varambally Sooryanarayana 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDAndrogens play a crucial role in prostate cancer, hence the androgenic pathway has become an important target of therapeutic intervention. Previously we discovered that gene fusions between the 5′‐untranslated region of androgen regulated gene TMPRSS2 and the ETS transcription factor family members were present in a majority of the prostate cancer cases. The resulting aberrant overexpression of ETS genes drives tumor progression.METHODSHere, we evaluated the expression levels of 5α‐reductase isoenzymes in prostate cancer cell lines and tissues. We tested the effect of dutasteride, a 5α‐reductase inhibitor, in TMPRSS2–ERG fusion‐positive VCaP cell proliferation and cell invasion. We also evaluated the effect of dutasteride on the TMPRSS2–ERG fusion gene expression. Finally, we tested dutasteride alone or in combination with an anti‐androgen in VCaP cell xenografts tumor model.RESULTSOur data showed that 5α‐reductase SRD5A1 and SRD5A3 isoenzymes that are responsible for the conversion of testosterone to DHT, are highly expressed in metastatic prostate cancer compared to benign and localized prostate cancer. Dutasteride treatment attenuated VCaP cell proliferation and invasion. VCaP cells pre‐treated with dutasteride showed a reduction in ERG and PSA expression. In vivo studies demonstrated that dutasteride in combination with the anti‐androgen bicalutamide significantly decreased tumor burden in VCaP cell xenograft model.CONCLUSIONSOur findings suggest that dutasteride can inhibit ERG fusion‐positive cell growth and in combination with anti‐androgen, significantly reduce the tumor burden. Our study suggests that anti‐androgens used in combination with dutasteride could synergistically augment the therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of ETS‐positive prostate cancer. Prostate 72:1542–1549, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of shape of GaN/AlN quantum dots on luminescence decay law
Authors: Aleksandrov I. A. , Gutakovskii A. K. , Zhuravlev K. S. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPhotoluminescence (PL) kinetics of GaN quantum dots (QDs) in an AlN matrix has been investigated. We have found experimentally that the PL decay law of a GaN/AlN QD ensemble is non‐exponential in the single‐exciton recombination regime, and propose a model explaining the PL kinetics of GaN/AlN QD ensemble, which takes into account fluctuations of the QD shape.
Effects of Ce concentrations, annealing conditions and fabrication processes on the photoluminescence properties of Ce‐doped silica films
Authors: Cong Wei‐Yan , Zheng Wei‐Min , Li Su‐Mei , Wang Ying‐Jie , Liu Xiao‐Yan , Huang Hai‐Bei , Meng Xiang‐Yan , Zhai Jian‐Bo 
Published: March 2012

AbstractCe‐doped silica films with various Ce concentrations were prepared via ion beam sputtering (IBS) and ion implantation. The samples containing 1.46 at.% Ce were annealed at various temperatures from 500 to 1100 °C in air ambient and a separate sample with the same Ce concentration was annealed at 1100 °C in nitrogen gas. The Ce‐related photoluminescence (PL) was observed for the samples and found to be sensitive to the Ce concentrations, annealing conditions and fabricating processes. The PL intensity increases with increasing Ce concentrations from 0.09 to 0.58 at.%, and the concentration‐induced quenching effect occurred as the Ce concentrations reached 1.46 at.%. Also, the PL intensity is enhanced as the samples were annealed at various temperatures from 500 to 900 °C in air ambient, then decreases remarkably as the annealing temperature reached 1100 °C. In addition, compared with the sample annealed in air, the PL intensity can be enhanced for the sample annealed in nitrogen gas. Distinctive PL spectra were found for the samples prepared via different processes.
High field electron and hole transport in wurtzite InN
Authors: Reklaitis Antanas 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA Monte Carlo technique has been used to investigate the steady‐state, transient, and small‐signal transport of electrons and holes in InN in high electric fields. The drift velocities and diffusion coefficients of electrons and holes are calculated using single‐particle Monte Carlo method. The transient drift velocities of electrons and holes are evaluated from ensemble Monte Carlo simulations. The electron small‐signal mobility is estimated. The threshold frequency of 550 GHz for the negative differential mobility (NDM) in InN is obtained.
Silicon heterojunction solar cell with amorphous silicon oxide buffer and microcrystalline silicon oxide contact layers
Authors: Ding Kaining , Aeberhard Urs , Finger Friedhelm , Rau Uwe 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis Letter reports on the fabrication and characterization of silicon heterojunction solar cells with silicon oxide based buffer (intrinsic amorphous silicon oxide) and contact layers (doped microcrystalline silicon oxide) on flat p‐type wafers. The critical dependency of the cell performance on the front and rear buffer layer thickness reveals a trade‐off between the open circuit voltage Voc and the fill factor FF. At the optimum, the highest efficiency of 18.5% (active area = 0.67 cm2) was achieved with Voc = 664 mV, short circuit current Jsc = 35.7 mA/cm2 and FF = 78.0%. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Defect‐band photoluminescence imaging on multi‐crystalline silicon wafers
Authors: Yan Fei , Johnston Steve , Zaunbrecher Katherine , Al‐Jassim Mowafak , Sidelkheir Omar , Ounadjela Kamel 
Published: March 2012

AbstractDefect‐band emission photoluminescence (PL) imaging with an indium‐gallium‐arsenide (InGaAs) camera was applied to multi‐crystalline silicon (mc‐Si) wafers, which were taken from different heights of different Si bricks. Neighboring wafers were picked at six different processing steps, from as‐cut to post‐metallization. By using different cut‐off filters, we were able to separate the band‐to‐band emission images from the defect‐band emission images. On the defect‐band emission images, the bright regions that originate from extend‐ ed defects were extracted from the PL images. The area fraction percentage of these regions at various processing stages shows a correlation with the final cell electrical parameters. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)