bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hematopoietic stem cell lodgment in the adult bone marrow stem cell niche
Authors: LAM B. S. , ADAMS G. B. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryTreatment of malignant blood disorders, such as leukemia, that can provide a better chance of long‐term remission involves myeloablation followed by transplantation of matched donor hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). For successful engraftment and re‐establishment of hematopoiesis to occur in the recipient, the transplanted HSCs must first migrate from the blood circulation to the bone marrow (BM), a process known as homing, then localize and anchor in suitable microenvironments within the BM, a process known as lodgment. After lodgment, the specific fate of the transplanted HSCs is determined through complex, bidirectional interactions with various stromal cell components in the niche. Ultimately, these interactions dictate the clinical outcome of the transplantation. Through the use of transgenic mouse models, considerable evidence has been accumulated in an attempt to unveil the possible underlying mechanisms that govern these processes. Here, we will emphasize the major factors that are involved in the regulation of lodgment of transplanted HSCs. Specifically, we will first introduce early observations on the spatial distribution of hematopoietic progenitors within the BM, then we will discuss the soluble factors, chemokines, cell–cell interactions, and cell–matrix interactions that have been studied and known to influence the site of HSC lodgment within the BM following transplantation.
THE ROLE OF COMMUNITY EDUCATORS IN ACHIEVING AUSTRALIAN HEALTH GOALS: A PUBLIC HEALTH APPROACH TO WEIGHT CONTROL ON THE NORTH COAST, NSW
Authors: James Ray , van Beurden Eric , Steiner Cave , Tyler Colin , Fardon Karen 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis paper describes the recruitment, training and supervision of Community Educators for weight‐control programs, reports the results they have achieved to date, and offers suggestions for improving similar programs. This material is discussed in relation to suggestions about nutrition published by the Better Health Commission.
Notes on Calceola Sandalina and a New Variety From Shuimokou, N.W. Szechuan, China*
Authors: Chi Yungshen S. 
Published: August 2010

The three German subspecies of Calceola sandalina—C. sandalina, C. sandalina alta, and C. sandalina westfalica.—are variations of the same species C. sandalina, according to different facies of the beds, as already noted by Lotze and Chernyshev. These subspecies are only of local importance, for even in Europe there are some exceptions as pointed out by Richter in the case of the forms from Asturias in North Spain and Moravia in Central Czechoslovakia.Both the Russian and Chinese forms are distinct varieties of the cosmopolitan species C. sandalina. The Chinese form is found in the lower bed of the Middle Devonian both according to palæontological and stratigraphical evidence, but it bears some characters of C. sandalina alta and C sandalina westfalica from the middle and upper part of the Middle Devonian respectively. It is, however, easily distinguished from both of them by the small size and the combination of characters of the two.In closing I wish to tender my cordial thanks to Merrs. H. C. Tan and C. Y. Lee for their kindness in submitting to me the materials collected by them and for their personal communications regarding it ; also to Mr. T. C. Lee who furnished some stratigraphical notes of the Shuimokou region made while collecting the fossils. Special acknowledgement is due to Dr. A. W. Grabau who read the manuscript of this paper, and gave me valuable suggestions.
Anti-pigmentary activity of fucoxanthin and its influence on skin mRNA expression of melanogenic molecules
Authors: Shimoda Hiroshi , Tanaka Junji , Shan Shao-Jie , Maoka Takashi 
Published: August 2010

Abstract

Objectives
Carotenoids and retinoic acid derivatives are topically applied for sun-protective and whitening purposes. Fucoxanthin is a carotenoid derived from edible sea algae, but its effect on melanogenesis has not been established. Therefore, we examined the effect of fucoxanthin on melanogenesis.

Methods
Inhibitory effects on tyrosinase activity, melanin formation in B16 melanoma and skin pigmentation in UVB-irradiated guinea-pigs were evaluated. To elucidate the action of fucoxanthin on melanogenesis, its effect on skin melanogenic mRNA expression was evaluated in UVB-irradiated mice. Fucoxanthin was given topically or orally to mice once a day and UVB irradiation was applied for 14 days. The effect of fucoxanthin on skin melanogenic mRNA expression was evaluated by real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.

Key findings
Fucoxanthin inhibited tyrosinase activity, melanogenesis in melanoma and UVB-induced skin pigmentation. Topical application of fucoxanthin (1%) significantly suppressed mRNA expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, endothelin receptor A, p75 neurotrophin receptor (NTR), prostaglandin E receptor 1 (EP1), melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) and tyrosinase-related protein 1. The suppression of p75NTR, EP1 and MC1R expressions was observed at 0.01% application. Also, oral application of fucoxanthin (10 mg/kg) significantly suppressed expression of COX-2, p75NTR, EP1 and MC1R.

Conclusions
These results suggest that fucoxanthin exhibits anti-pigmentary activity by topical or oral application in UVB-induced melanogenesis. This effect of fucoxanthin may be due to suppression of prostaglandin (PG) E2 synthesis and melanogenic stimulant receptors (neurotrophin, PGE2 and melanocyte stimulating hormone expression).
Diphenyl diselenide in its selenol form has dehydroascorbate reductase and glutathione S-transferase-like activity dependent on the glutathione content
Authors: Luchese Cristiane , Nogueira Cristina W 
Published: August 2010

Abstract

Objectives
The antioxidant action of diphenyl diselenide ((PhSe)2) is attributed to the mechanism by which (PhSe)2 has pharmacological activity. Although (PhSe)2 has glutathione peroxidase mimetic activity, the exact mechanism involved in its antioxidant effect has not yet been completely elucidated. In the present study, mechanisms involved in the antioxidant property of (PhSe)2 (1–50 µm) were investigated.

Methods
Dehydroascorbate (DHA) reductase- and glutathione S-transferase (GST)-like activity, 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical-scavenging activity and the protection against the oxidation of Fe2+ were evaluated.

Key findings
(PhSe)2 at concentrations equal to, or greater than, 5 µm showed DHA reductase- and GST-like activity. (PhSe)2 was not a scavenger of DPPH or ABTS radicals and did not protect against the oxidation of Fe2+.

Conclusions
These results clearly indicated that DHA reductase- and GST-like activity are the mechanisms involved in the antioxidant effect of (PhSe)2.
Abstract only
Authors: Manubens Montserrat 
Published: August 2010

The discussion of parametric polynomial systems is an old and important problem in many technical and mathematical applications. To recall its importance it suffices to remember the well-known discussions of parametric linear systems and how useful they are for applications. However, many practical problems are associated to non-linear systems, in which the study of the nature of the solutions (i.e. no solution, finite number of solutions, degree of freedom of the solutions, etc) is very important depending on the values of the parameters.
Since Gröbner bases were introduced, various approaches have been developed for this problem. Many authors have studied the subject during the last 15 years, among others we can highlight D. Lazard, D. Duval, P. Gianni, M. Kalkbrenner, V. Weispfenning, T. Mora, M. Moreno-Maza, L.Gonzalez-Vega, D. Kapur, D. Wang, Y. Sato, A. Suzuki, for the relevance of their contributions.
The development of the subject of this thesis was initiated in 2000 with the first Montes' algorithm dispgb for discussing parametric polynomial systems using Gröbner bases, published in 2002 in the Journal of Symbolic Computation. Montes' algorithm has progressed from that moment, until the final obtention of the Minimal Canonical Comprehensive Gröbner System (MCCGS) of a parametric ideal.
During the period 2003-2007 I had the great opportunity and pleasure to participate in this challenging project. My personal contribution to the project consisted of the implementation and improvement of a high number of algorithms that have conformed the evolution up to the current algorithm MCCGS, and updating the theory and algorithms that were initially disperse and partially incomplete.

Given a polynomial system with parameters and a term order for the variables, the latest implementation of the algorithm MCCGS performs a discussion on the cancellation of some polynomials in the parameters. It obtains a set of ordered pairs consisting of a segment (constructible subset of the parameter space) and a basis (finite set of polynomials) such that

the set of all segments forms a partition of the parameter space;

for each pair, the substitution of the parameters in the basis by any value inside the corresponding segment, produces always the reduced Gröbner basis, with respect to the given term order, of the ideal generated by the substitution of the same values in the given polynomials;

the segments are uniquely determined by the given system and term order and moreover they are described in a canonical form;

the number of pairs in the obtained set is the minimum possible with these properties.

All implementations have been done in Maple, and the last release 7.0 is currently available on the web http://www-ma2.upc.edu/~montes/, which integrates the improvements made on the original Montes' algorithm and the final MCCGS algorithm.
The Detection and Significance of Diurnal Pressure and Potential Vorticity Anomalies East of the Rockies
Authors: Li Yanping , Smith Ronald B. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Harmonic analysis of pressure, temperature, and precipitation data from 1000 Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) stations reveals a mix of stationary and east–west moving disturbances east of the Rockies. Optimization of the pressure data using a “temperature-based tide assumption” separates a strong sun-following continentally enhanced tide from a smaller eastward-propagating wave (EPW). The latter signal moves at a similar speed to the previously discovered eastward-moving precipitation systems. Analysis of ASOS summer precipitation data confirms eastward propagation, but east of 90°W it shows nonpropagating diurnal convection at a fixed local time (i.e., 1800 LST). Analysis of winter days still finds the EPW, suggesting that it is the cause and not the result of the propagating precipitation.
A possible mechanism for the EPW is developed from the linear Bousinesq equations with heating and wind shear. Solutions show eastward-moving diurnal pulses of potential vorticity (PV) generated by imposed heating over the Rockies. Because of the background shear, these pulses produce vertical motion in the lower troposphere.
The PV hypothesis for precipitation propagation was tested with North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) data. Diurnal drifting thermal and PV anomalies are clearly found near the 500- and 600-hPa levels in both winter and summer. In winter, the PV signal is weaker, moves faster, and does not influence precipitation. The existence of the winter PV signal again suggests that it is the cause, not the effect, of summer propagating precipitation.
Beyond Gaussian Statistical Modeling in Geophysical Data Assimilation
Authors: Bocquet Marc , Pires Carlos A. , Wu Lin 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis review discusses recent advances in geophysical data assimilation beyond Gaussian statistical modeling, in the fields of meteorology, oceanography, as well as atmospheric chemistry. The non-Gaussian features are stressed rather than the nonlinearity of the dynamical models, although both aspects are entangled. Ideas recently proposed to deal with these non-Gaussian issues, in order to improve the state or parameter estimation, are emphasized.The general Bayesian solution to the estimation problem and the techniques to solve it are first presented, as well as the obstacles that hinder their use in high-dimensional and complex systems. Approximations to the Bayesian solution relying on Gaussian, or on second-order moment closure, have been wholly adopted in geophysical data assimilation (e.g., Kalman filters and quadratic variational solutions). Yet, nonlinear and non-Gaussian effects remain. They essentially originate in the nonlinear models and in the non-Gaussian priors. How these effects are handled within algorithms based on Gaussian assumptions is then described. Statistical tools that can diagnose them and measure deviations from Gaussianity are recalled.The following advanced techniques that seek to handle the estimation problem beyond Gaussianity are reviewed: maximum entropy filter, Gaussian anamorphosis, non-Gaussian priors, particle filter with an ensemble Kalman filter as a proposal distribution, maximum entropy on the mean, or strictly Bayesian inferences for large linear models, etc. Several ideas are illustrated with recent or original examples that possess some features of high-dimensional systems. Many of the new approaches are well understood only in special cases and have difficulties that remain to be circumvented. Some of the suggested approaches are quite promising, and sometimes already successful for moderately large though specific geophysical applications. Hints are given as to where progress might come from.
Some Insights into the Characteristics and Dynamics of the Chilean Low-Level Coastal Jet
Authors: Jiang Qingfang , Wang Shouping , O’Neill Larry 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
The characteristics and dynamics of the Chilean low-level coastal jet (CLLCJ) are examined here through diagnosing real-time mesoscale model forecasts in support of the Variability of the American Monsoon System (VAMOS) Ocean–Cloud–Atmosphere Land Study (VOCALS) and additional sensitivity simulations. The forecasted surface winds over the southeast Pacific compare favorably with available observations. According to the forecasts and sensitivity simulations, the Southeast Pacific high pressure system (SEPH) plays a primary role in driving the CLLCJ. The Andes significantly intensify the CLLCJ mainly through interacting with the SEPH and anchoring a baroclinic zone along the Chilean coast. The land–sea differential heating also enhances the CLLCJ by strengthening the coastal baroclinic zone. Based on the location of the SEPH center, the CLLCJ can be separated into two types: a strong-forcing jet, with the SEPH close to the central Chilean coastline; and a weak-forcing jet, with the SEPH centered far away from the coastline. The former is much more intense and associated with stronger interaction between the SEPH and the Andes.
The CLLCJ is slightly supergeostrophic within the marine boundary layer top inversion, where weak easterlies develop, and subgeostrophic in the turbulent boundary layer below, where westerlies are present. The inversion easterlies induce strong subsidence along the coast, which contributes to the formation of the coastal low and the coastal baroclinic zone.
Closed headpiece of integrin αIIbβ3 and its complex with an αIIbβ3-specific antagonist that does not induce opening
Authors: Zhu Jieqing , Zhu Jianghai , Negri Ana , Provasi Davide , Filizola Marta , Coller Barry S. , Springer Timothy A. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
The platelet integrin αIIbβ3 is essential for hemostasis and thrombosis through its binding of adhesive plasma proteins. We have determined crystal structures of the αIIbβ3 headpiece in the absence of ligand and after soaking in RUC-1, a novel small molecule antagonist. In the absence of ligand, the αIIbβ3 headpiece is in a closed conformation, distinct from the open conformation visualized in presence of Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) antagonists. In contrast to RGD antagonists, RUC-1 binds only to the αIIb subunit. Molecular dynamics revealed nearly identical binding. Two species-specific residues, αIIb Y190 and αIIb D232, in the RUC-1 binding site were confirmed as important by mutagenesis. In sharp contrast to RGD-based antagonists, RUC-1 did not induce αIIbβ3 to adopt an open conformation, as determined by gel filtration and dynamic light scattering. These studies provide insights into the factors that regulate integrin headpiece opening, and demonstrate the molecular basis for a novel mechanism of integrin antagonism.
The dietary isothiocyanate sulforaphane modulates gene expression and alternative gene splicing in a PTEN null preclinical murine model of prostate cancer
Authors: Traka Maria H , Spinks Caroline A , Doleman Joanne F , Melchini Antonietta , Ball Richard Y , Mills Robert D , Mithen Richard F 
Published: August 2010

Abstract

Background
Dietary or therapeutic interventions to counteract the loss of PTEN expression could contribute to the prevention of prostate carcinogenesis or reduce the rate of cancer progression. In this study, we investigate the interaction between sulforaphane, a dietary isothiocyanate derived from broccoli, PTEN expression and gene expression in pre malignant prostate tissue.

Results
We initially describe heterogeneity in expression of PTEN in non-malignant prostate tissue of men deemed to be at risk of prostate cancer. We subsequently use the mouse prostate-specific PTEN deletion model, to show that sulforaphane suppresses transcriptional changes induced by PTEN deletion and induces additional changes in gene expression associated with cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in PTEN null tissue, but has no effect on transcription in wild type tissue. Comparative analyses of changes in gene expression in mouse and human prostate tissue indicate that similar changes can be induced in humans with a broccoli-rich diet. Global analyses of exon expression demonstrated that sulforaphane interacts with PTEN deletion to modulate alternative gene splicing, illustrated through a more detailed analysis of DMBT1 splicing.

Conclusion
To our knowledge, this is the first report of how diet may perturb changes in transcription induced by PTEN deletion, and the effects of diet on global patterns of alternative gene splicing. The study exemplifies the complex interaction between diet, genotype and gene expression, and the multiple modes of action of small bioactive dietary components.
Psychotherapy research: do we know what works for whom?
Authors: Fonagy Peter 
Published: August 2010

SummaryClinical decision-making about suitability for psychological therapies is hampered by limitations of psychotherapy research and our lack of understanding of therapeutic mechanisms. Watzkeet al's important randomised controlled study offers apparent validation for clinical judgement in relation to suitability for psychodynamic psychotherapy but also highlights the negative effects of unselected assignment to this type of treatment. Here, I consider why systematic selection for this form of treatment may be important and suggest how the limited effectiveness of psychodynamic therapy for an unselected group of patients may be addressed by more systematic treatment delivery and the ongoing monitoring of intermediate treatment outcomes.
Stigmatised attitudes towards intellectual disability: a randomised crossover trial
Authors: Varughese Sabu John , Luty Jason 
Published: August 2010

Aims and methodTackling discrimination, stigma and inequalities in mental health is a major UK government objective yet people with intellectual disabilities continue to suffer serious stigma and discrimination. The project aimed to determine the effect of viewing a picture of a person with intellectual disability on stigmatised attitudes. The 20-point Attitude to Mental Illness Questionnaire (AMIQ) was used and a representative panel of members of the general public were randomised to complete the questionnaire either with (experimental) or without (control) looking at a picture of a man with Down syndrome. Six months later the same experiment was performed with the groups crossed over.ResultsResults were received for 360 participants (response rate 87–93%). The sequence (control or experimental) had no significant effect on the outcome. The mean AMIQ score in the control groups was 1.56 (s.d. = 2.85, s.e. = 0.21,n=186) and in the experiment group (after looking at the pictures) was 2.43 (s.d. = 2.59, s.e. = 0.12,n= 174; median difference 1,P= 0.0016 Mann-WhitneyU-test; effect size 0.23).Clinical implicationsLooking at a picture of a man with Down syndrome significantly reduces reported stigmatised attitudes.
Women in academic psychiatry
Authors: Dutta Rina , Hawkes Sarah L. , Iversen Amy C. , Howard Louise 
Published: August 2010

SummaryAcross academic medicine, including psychiatry, women are underrepresented in senior positions. Various reasons have been put forward, for example the lack of high-ranking female role models or mentors and a reduced rate of career progression for women compared with men. Mentoring has been shown to be a popular and feasible intervention which can improve the success of those perceived as disadvantaged groups (in this case women) by having an important impact on personal development, career guidance and research productivity.
Does Exposure to Habitual Smoking Contexts Before Smoking Cessation Reduce Relapse? Results From a Pilot Study
Authors: Van Gucht Dinska , Beckers Tom , Van den Bergh Omer , Vansteenwegen Debora 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA variety of cues have been proven to elicit reactivity in nicotine-dependent individuals. Since such reactivity has been shown to form a source of relapse, treatments aim at extinguishing this reactivity. Yet, typically, in cue-exposure treatments a very limited range of relevant stimuli is used, usually focusing only on proximal stimuli (e.g., a cigarette) rather than on contextual cues that trigger craving (e.g., a bar). The restriction to proximal cues may be one of the reasons for the low efficacy of cue-exposure treatments. In the current pilot study (N = 88), we aimed to evaluate the effect on relapse rates of exposure to contextual cues prior to quitting smoking, by varying the degree of exposure/extinction to habitual smoking contexts prior to quitting between groups. Results suggest that context exposure prior to smoking cessation indeed reduces relapse. However, since dropout rates were high, this finding needs replication with a larger sample.