bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Protein and Glycemic Index on Children's Body Composition: The DiOGenes Randomized Study
Authors: Papadaki Angeliki , Linardakis Manolis , Larsen Thomas M. , van Baak Marleen A. , Lindroos Anna Karin , Pfeiffer Andreas F. H. , Martinez J. Alfredo , Handjieva-Darlenska Teodora , Kunesová Marie , Holst Claus , Astrup Arne , Saris Wim H. M. , Kafatos Anthony 
Published: October 2010

OBJECTIVE:
To investigate the effect of protein and glycemic index (GI) on body composition among European children in the randomized, 6-month dietary intervention DiOGenes (diet, obesity, and genes) family-based study.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
In the study, 827 children (381 boys and 446 girls), aged 5 to 18 years, completed baseline examinations. Families with parents who lost ≥8% of their weight during an 8-week run-in low-calorie diet period were randomly assigned to 1 of 5 ad libitum diets: low protein (LP)/low glycemic index (LGI); LP/high GI (HGI); high protein (HP)/LGI; HP/HGI; and control diet. The target difference was 15 GI U between the LGI/HGI groups and 13 protein percentage points between the LP/HP groups. There were 658 children examined after 4 weeks. Advice on food-choice modification was provided at 6 visits during this period. No advice on weight loss was provided because the focus of the study was the ability of the diets to affect outcomes through appetite regulation. Anthropometric measurements and body composition were assessed at baseline, week 4, and week 26.

RESULTS:
In the study, 465 children (58.1%) completed all assessments. The achieved differences between the GI and protein groups were 2.3 GI U and 4.9 protein percentage points, respectively. The LP/HGI group increased body fat percentage significantly more than the other groups (P = .040; partial η2 = 0.039), and the percentage of overweight/obese children in the HP/LGI group decreased significantly during the intervention (P = .031).

CONCLUSIONS:
Neither GI nor protein had an isolated effect on body composition. However, the LP/HGI combination increased body fat, whereas the HP/LGI combination was protective against obesity in this sample of children.
Neonatal Jaundice, Autism, and Other Disorders of Psychological Development
Authors: Maimburg Rikke Damkjær , Bech Bodil Hammer , Væth Michael , Møller-Madsen Bjarne , Olsen Jørn 
Published: October 2010

OBJECTIVES:
The goals were to study the association between neonatal jaundice and disorders of psychological development in a national, population-based cohort and to study whether gestational age, parity, and season of birth influenced that association.

METHODS:
A population-based, follow-up study of all children born alive in Denmark between 1994 and 2004 (N = 733 826) was performed, with data collected from 4 national registers. Survival analysis was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs).

RESULTS:
Exposure to jaundice in neonates was associated with increased risk of disorders of psychological development for children born at term. The excess risk of developing a disorder in the spectrum of psychological development disorders after exposure to jaundice as a neonate was between 56% (HR: 1.56 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05–2.30]) and 88% (HR: 1.88 [95% CI: 1.17–3.02]). The excess risk of infantile autism was 67% (HR: 1.67 [95% CI: 1.03–2.71]). This risk for infantile autism was higher if the child was conceived by a parous woman (HR: 2.71 [95% CI: 1.57–4.66]) or was born between October and March (HR: 2.21 [95% CI: 1.24–3.94]). The risk for infantile autism disappeared if the child was conceived by a primiparous woman (HR: 0.58 [95% CI: 0.18–1.83]) or was born between April and September (HR: 1.02 [95% CI: 0.41–2.50]). Similar risk patterns were found for the whole spectrum of autistic disorders.

CONCLUSIONS:
Neonatal jaundice in children born at term is associated with disorders of psychological development. Parity and season of birth seem to play important roles.
Hepatitis A in Internationally Adopted Children: Screening for Acute and Previous Infections
Authors: Abdulla Roohi Y. , Rice Marilyn A. , Donauer Stephanie , Hicks Kelly R. , Poore Dustin , Staat Mary Allen 
Published: October 2010

OBJECTIVE:
The goal was to determine the prevalence of acute hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection and immunity among internationally adopted children.

METHODS:
Children seen at the International Adoption Center between September 25, 2006, and September 30, 2008, and were screened for HAV within 4 months after their arrival in the United States were eligible for the study. The age- and country-specific prevalence of acute HAV infection and immunity were determined.

RESULTS:
Overall, 288 children underwent HAV serological testing. Of the 279 with total HAV serological results, 29% had positive findings. Immunity varied according to region and country. The prevalence was lowest among children born in Asia/Pacific Rim region (17%) and highest among children born in Africa (72%). Only 13% of children &lt;2 years of age were immune, compared with 80% of children 12 to 17 years of age (P = .002). Increasing age and birth region were associated independently with immunity. Positive HAV immunoglobulin M test results were found for 3 (1%) of 270 children; all were without symptoms. Their ages were 18, 27, and 41 months, and they were born in Kazakhstan, Russia, and the Latin America/Caribbean region, respectively. The father of 1 child developed HAV infection after arriving home.

CONCLUSIONS:
HAV immunity among internationally adopted children varied according to age and country of origin; 1% had acute infections. HAV screening is useful for determination of the need for HAV immunization and for prevention of transmission to family members and close contacts.
High Mortality Rates for Very Low Birth Weight Infants in Developing Countries Despite Training
Authors: Carlo Waldemar A. , Goudar Shivaprasad S. , Jehan Imtiaz , Chomba Elwyn , Tshefu Antoinette , Garces Ana , Parida Sailajanandan , Althabe Fernando , McClure Elizabeth M. , Derman Richard J. , Goldenberg Robert L. , Bose Carl , Hambidge Michael , Panigrahi Pinaki , Buekens Pierre , Chakraborty Hrishikesh , Hartwell Tyler D. , Moore Janet , Wright Linda L. ,   for the First Breath Study Group
Published: October 2010

OBJECTIVE:
The goal was to determine the effect of training in newborn care and resuscitation on 7-day (early) neonatal mortality rates for very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. The study was designed to test the hypothesis that these training programs would reduce neonatal mortality rates for VLBW infants.

METHODS:
Local instructors trained birth attendants from 96 rural communities in 6 developing countries in protocol and data collection, the World Health Organization Essential Newborn Care (ENC) course, and a modified version of the American Academy of Pediatrics Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP), by using a train-the-trainer model. To test the impact of ENC training, data on infants of 500 to 1499 g were collected by using a before/after, active baseline, controlled study design. A cluster-randomized, controlled trial design was used to test the impact of the NRP.

RESULTS:
A total of 1096 VLBW (500–1499 g) infants were enrolled, and 98.5% of live-born infants were monitored to 7 days. All-cause, 7-day neonatal mortality, stillbirth, and perinatal mortality rates were not affected by ENC or NRP training.

CONCLUSIONS:
Neither ENC nor NRP training of birth attendants decreased 7-day neonatal, stillbirth, or perinatal mortality rates for VLBW infants born at home or at first-level facilities. Encouragement of delivery in a facility where a higher level of care is available may be preferable when delivery of a VLBW infant is expected.
Analgesic Effects of Sweet-Tasting Solutions for Infants: Current State of Equipoise
Authors: Harrison Denise , Bueno Mariana , Yamada Janet , Adams-Webber Thomasin , Stevens Bonnie 
Published: October 2010

OBJECTIVE:The goal was to review published studies of analgesic effects of sweet solutions, to ascertain areas with sufficient evidence of effectiveness and areas of uncertainty.METHODS:Databases searched included Medline, Embase, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature database, and PsycINFO, using the terms pain*, infant*, neonat*, newborn*, sucrose, glucose, and alternative sugars. Publications were sorted according to type, year, painful procedure studied, placebo/no-treatment groups, population studied, and country of publication.RESULTS:A total of 298 relevant unique publications involving human infants were identified; 125 (42%) were primary research studies, of which 116 (93%) were randomized controlled trials. Healthy preterm or term newborns were included in 82 studies (65%), and sick or very low birth weight infants were included in 22 (18%). Most studies included single episodes of painful procedures, with only 3 (2%) conducted over long periods. Procedures investigated most frequently were heel lance (49%), venipuncture (14%), and intramuscular injection (14%). Placebo or no-treatment groups were included in 111 studies (89%); in 103 (93%) of those studies, sweet solutions reduced behavioral responses, compared with placebo/ no treatment.CONCLUSION:Clinical equipoise relating to analgesic effects of sweet solutions no longer exists for single episodes of procedures for healthy preterm and term newborn infants. Uncertainties include outcomes after prolonged use of sweet solutions, concomitant use of other analgesics, and effectiveness beyond the newborn period. Future research should focus on addressing these knowledge and research gaps.
Performance: The Blunders of Orpheus
Authors: Roach Joseph 
Published: October 2010

Thou shalt not sit With statisticians nor commit A social science.—W. H. Auden, Phi Beta Kappa PoemPerformance is an idea that became a field. For ideas to matter to the field of performance studies, however, they must take the form of action—a play, a rite, a dance, a game, a parade, an utterance. The action of performance may be practical or symbolic, but it is “always a doing or a thing done” (Diamond, Performance 1). In this essay, I assess the idea of performance, the field of performance studies, and their common relation to action by reopening the question of mimesis, the venerable doctrine that art imitates life. I also provide a preliminary sketch of a practical poetics of performance, defining it as Orphic (of or pertaining to the mythic figure of Orpheus). The action that the Orphic plot imitates—moving forward while glancing back—recapitulates the risky act of performance itself, for the performer typically feels the urge to look back, despite the prohibitions and costs, because performance always seems to be authorized by something prior, even when it isn't. Not restricted to dead Europeans or any other limited constituency, popular Orphism embraces all the lively arts, but it is most intensely concentrated in poetry meant to be spoken aloud, from Homer to hip-hop, and in lyric drama. “The story of Orpheus underlies every poem,” Susan Stewart writes in Poetry and the Fate of the Senses, and she might have added, “every performance”: bereft of Eurydice from the moment of his fatally forbidden turn, when he dooms her to be his inspiration, “he must attempt to fill her absence with compensatory song” (256). So Eurydice stands in for Orpheus, punished for his transgression, and he for her, making art out of her fate. Across the gulf of time and the river Styx, she prompts him, as he keeps looking back to her.
For a Poetics of Verse
Authors: Jarvis Simon 
Published: October 2010

Reader! No time for pleasantries.The study of poetry is still obstructed and dominated by the unsolved question as to what poetry is. Most have concluded that it is unproductive to try to answer this question too quickly or even, perhaps, to ask it. This creates a block. Where terms such as poetry, lyric, and form remain academically current, they may do so as a kind of revered but disbelieved magic. Lyric suffers from some of the same difficulties as poetry (Culler; Prins; Terada). These difficulties go further than those attending any indistinct yet prevalent cultural concept. They concern also the long “war embrace” between poetry and philosophy, an antagonistic cooperation (Coleridge 191).
The Future of the Literary Past
Authors: McGill Meredith L. , Parker Andrew 
Published: October 2010

[B]y carrying us beyond paper, the adventures of technology grant us a sort of future anterior: they liberate our reading for a retrospective exploration of the past resources of paper, for its previously multimedia vectors.—Jacques Derrida, Paper MachineThis essay explores some of the ways that the contemporary mediascape has begun to transform the questions we can ask of our students and ourselves. Our subject derives from an undergraduate English course, Literary History and/as Media History, that we designed to address the lack of critical attention paid in the curriculum to the media of literary works. The course, whose catalog description follows, was intended to cover a lot of historical ground while highlighting theoretical questions that generally remain unasked in Norton Anthology–style surveys:Living in an era of rapid technological innovation, we tend to forget that print itself was once a new medium. The history of English and American literature since the Renaissance has been as much a response to the development of new material formats (scribal copying, printed playtexts, newspaper and serial publication, “little magazines,” radio, film, television, the internet) as it has been a succession of ideal literary forms (poems, plays, and novels). This course will survey literary works from the sixteenth to the twentieth century in relation to the history of media. What can these histories say to each other? Are they, indeed, one history?
The Senses of Functions in the Logic of Sense and Denotation
Authors: Klement Kevin C. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis paper discusses certain problems arising within the treatment of the senses of functions in Alonzo Church's Logic of Sense and Denotation. Church understands such senses themselves to be “sense-functions,” functions from sense to sense. However, the conditions he lays out under which a sense-function is to be regarded as a sense presenting another function as denotation allow for certain undesirable results given certain unusual or “deviant” sense-functions. Certain absurdities result, e.g., an argument can be found for equating any two senses of the same type. An alternative treatment of the senses of functions is discussed, and is thought to do better justice to Frege's original theory.
Almost Disjoint Families and Diagonalizations of Length Continuum
Authors: Raghavan Dilip 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe present a survey of some results and problems concerning constructions which require a diagonalization of length continuum to be carried out, particularly constructions of almost disjoint families of various sorts. We emphasize the role of cardinal invariants of the continuum and their combinatorial characterizations in such constructions.
An Invitation to Model-Theoretic Galois Theory
Authors: Medvedev Alice , Takloo-Bighash Ramin 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe carry out some of Galois' work in the setting of an arbitrary first-order theoryT. We replace the ambient algebraically closed field by a large modelMofT, replace fields by definably closed subsets ofM, assume thatTcodes finite sets, and obtain the fundamental duality of Galois theory matching subgroups of the Galois group ofLoverFwith intermediate extensionsF≤K≤L. This exposition of a special case of [10] has the advantage of requiring almost no background beyond familiarity with fields, polynomials, first-order formulae, and automorphisms.
Hospital Readmission in First-Time Admitted Patients with Schizophrenia: Smoking Patients Had Higher Hospital Readmission Rate Than Non-Smoking Patients
Authors: Kobayashi Mika , Ito Hiroto , Okumura Yasuyuki , Mayahara Ken , Matsumoto Yoshio , Hirakawa Junichi 
Published: October 2010

Objectives: To consider smoke-free policies for the patients with schizophrenia, the present study examined how smoking behavior is related to hospital readmission among patients with schizophrenia. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in 2007 on 460 discharged patients with schizophrenia who voluntarily admitted in the participating psychiatric hospitals at first time. We reviewed smoking status, readmissions, and other variables including socio-demographic characteristics, process of care, and social functioning at discharge using the Global Assessment of Functioning scale (GAF). Results: The rate of cigarette smoking in this study was 42.2%. The rate of smoking was significantly higher in males (56.1%) than in females (26.2%). Mean GAF score at discharge was slightly higher in smoking patients than non-smoking patients (g = 0.18). Cox proportional hazard model revealed that hospital readmission rate was significantly higher in smoking patients than non-smoking patients after controlling for all other variables (HR = 1.78). Conclusions: Non-smoking patients had fewer hospital readmissions than smoking patients. This finding could be a reason to promote cessation of smoking which might provide positive influences on prognosis of schizophrenia.
Cloninger's Temperament and Character Dimension of Personality in Patients with Asthma
Authors: Gulec Medine Yazici , Gulec Huseyin , Oztuna Funda , Kose Samet 
Published: October 2010

Objective: Psychosocial factors have been implicated as being important in the onset and/or exacerbation of asthma. This study was performed to evaluate the personality profiles of asthma patients. Method: Ninety-five asthmatic, 98 psoriatic patients, and 96 healthy controls completed the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The relationships between asthma illness duration, asthma severity score, depression, anxiety, and temperament and character personality variables were evaluated. Results: Asthmatic patients had significantly higher mean scores on the BAI, Harm Avoidance, Persistence, and Self-transcendence dimensions and lower scores on the BDI, Novelty Seeking, and Reward Dependence dimensions of the TCI than the psoriatic patients. Significant group effect was found for the BDI and BAI scores in between groups. Significant differences in TCI scores were found across groups except for Persistence and Self-transcendence. Post hoc tests revealed significantly lower Novelty Seeking, higher Harm Avoidance, lower Reward Dependence, and higher Self-transcendence scores in patients with asthma. Regression analysis revealed a significant effect between duration of illness and Persistence and Self-transcendence. Illness severity had a significant effect on the Harm Avoidance. Anxiety scores had significant effect on the Harm Avoidance, Self-directedness, and Self-transcendence. Depression scores had no significant effect on any of the TCI dimensions. Conclusions: Asthmatic patients can be distinguished by a specific pattern of temperament (low NS) and character (high ST) dimensions and compared with both psoriatic patients and healthy controls. Illness duration is associated with ST scores, and illness severity is associated with HA.
The Biopsychosocial Milieu of Type 2 Diabetes: An Exploratory Study of the Impact of Social Relationships on a Chronic Inflammatory Disease
Authors: Olson Michael M. , Trevino Dorothy B. , Islam Jamal , Denner Larry 
Published: October 2010

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between psychosocial variables, biomarker hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), and immune modulatory cytokine mediators among diabetic patients in marital or committed long-term relationships. Method: This is a cross-sectional study of adult patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) presenting at a university-based ambulatory medical clinic. Social/interpersonal constructs were assessed using measures of dyadic adjustment, interpersonal sensitivity and social functioning, and expressed emotion. HbA1c and cytokines were measured from blood samples using standard laboratory tests. Associations of relational systems constructs with biomarkers were assessed using bivariate tests. Results: Dyadic adjustment was significantly associated with cytokine IL-8. Interpersonal relationship functioning was significantly associated with biomarker HbA1c, and cytokines TNF-α, and IL-1ra. Social functioning was significantly correlated with cytokines IL-17, IL-1ra, IL-2r, IL-6, and eotaxin. Depression was significantly correlated with HbA1C. Conclusions: Although preliminary in nature, findings revealed significant relationships between molecular mediators of the inflammatory and immune systems and variables measuring the relational context patients with T2DM. The initial findings suggest a next step in understanding and exploring the complex but important biopsychosocial pathways in Type 2 DM.
Association between Anxiety or Depressive Symptoms and Arterial Hypertension, and Their Impact on the Quality of Life
Authors: Saboya Patrícia M. H. P. , Zimmermann Paulo R. , Bodanese Luiz C. 
Published: October 2010

Objective: Despite all progress made in understanding and treating systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), the study of the impact of psychological disorders in SAH is still controversial and is not well understood. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that SAH can be associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms and to verify its effect on the quality of life. Method: A controlled cross-sectional study included 302 patients (152 hypertensive and 150 normotensive) outpatients at Hospital São Lucas of PUC-RS. Measurements were made in individual interviews and included data collection and application of general scales such as State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Medical Outcome Study Short Form, General Health Survey (SF-36). Results: Anxiety was significantly associated with SAH only after adjusted for relevant risk factors (odds ratio (OR) = 2.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.55 to 5.18). Depressive symptoms were significantly associated with SAH (OR) = 4.34 (95% CI: 2.34 to 8.06). A significant association between quality of life and SAH were also found. However, this association diminished after adjusted for BDI and STAI. This shows the effect of depressive symptoms, in particular, and anxiety, in the worsening of quality of life. Conclusions: This study suggested that anxiety, especially depressive symptoms, are significantly associated with SAH and had a significant effect on hypertensive patients' worse quality of life.