bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome of Pregnancy Oral Glucose Tolerance Test and Preterm Birth
Authors: Liang Richard , Panelli Danielle M. , Stevenson David K. , Rehkopf David H. , Shaw Gary M. , Sørensen Henrik Toft , Pedersen Lars 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Gestational diabetes is associated with adverse outcomes such as preterm birth (<37 weeks). However, there is no international consensus on screening criteria or diagnostic levels for gestational diabetes, and it is unknown whether body mass index (BMI) or obesity modifies the relation between glucose level and preterm birth.

Methods:
We studied a pregnancy cohort restricted to two Danish regions from the linked Danish Medical Birth Register to study associations between glucose measurements from the 2-hour postload 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (one-step approach) and preterm birth from 2004 to 2018. In Denmark, gestational diabetes screening is a targeted strategy for mothers with identified risk factors. We used Poisson regression to estimate rate ratios (RR) of preterm birth with z-standardized glucose measurements. We assessed effect measure modification by stratifying analyses and testing for heterogeneity.

Results:
Among 11,337 pregnancies (6.2% delivered preterm), we observed an adjusted preterm birth RR of 1.2 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1, 1.3) for a one-standard deviation glucose increase of 1.4 mmol/l from the mean of 6.7 mmol/l. There was evidence for effect measure modification by obesity, for example, adjusted RR for nonobese (BMI, <30): 1.2 (95% CI = 1.1, 1.3) versus obese (BMI, ≥30): 1.3 (95% CI = 1.2–1.5), P = 0.05 for heterogeneity.

Conclusion:
Among mothers screened for gestational diabetes, increased glucose levels, even those below the diagnostic level for gestational diabetes in Denmark, were associated with increased preterm birth risk. Obesity (BMI, ≥30) may be an effect measure modifier, not just a confounder, of the relation between blood glucose and preterm birth risk.
Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of a Water-Free Cyclosporine 0.1% Ophthalmic Solution for Treatment of Dry Eye Disease: ESSENCE-2 OLE
Authors: Wirta David L. , Galor Anat , Aune Carol A. , Vollmer Patrick M. , Liang Eva , Meides Alice S. , Krösser Sonja 
Published: May 2024

Purpose:
The ESSENCE-2 Open-Label Extension study aimed to demonstrate long-term safety, tolerability, and efficacy of a novel water-free, nonpreserved topical cyclosporine 0.1% ophthalmic solution (US brand name VEVYE) for patients with dry eye disease (DED).

Methods:
This was a Phase 3, prospective, multicenter, open-label, clinical study. All patients received cyclosporine 0.1% ophthalmic solution and dosed each eye twice a day for 52 weeks. Primary safety end points were ocular and nonocular adverse events (AEs). Secondary safety end points included visual acuity, biomicroscopy, intraocular pressure, and dilated fundoscopy. Efficacy end points, such as total corneal fluorescein staining (tCFS) score (National Eye Institute [NEI] Scale), ocular symptoms (visual analog scale [VAS]), and Schirmer tear test, were also assessed.

Results:
A total of 202 patients were enrolled from the ESSENCE-2 study. At week 52, 175 patients (86.6%) completed ESSENCE-2 open-label extension. A total of 55 patients (27.5%) reported 74 ocular treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs). The most common ocular AE was instillation site pain (6.5%), which was of mild intensity in all cases. Patients showed statistically significant improvements in all prespecified efficacy end points compared with baseline at each visit. Corneal staining improvements were early and stabilized over time while tear production improved continuously. Symptomatology improvement followed these effects with scores reaching a minimum after 1 year of treatment.

Conclusions:
The water-free cyclosporine 0.1% ophthalmic solution was safe and well tolerated during long-term use. The results demonstrated sustained 1-year efficacy, in both signs and symptoms of DED, and may help understand short and long-term healing dynamics in a predominant inflammatory DED population.
Triglyceride Glucose Index: A Potential Indicator in the Evaluation of Graves Ophthalmopathy
Authors: Gundogan Ali Osman , Belviranli Selman , Tezcan Ali , Zengin Nazmi 
Published: May 2024

Purpose:
To determine the relationship between Graves ophthalmopathy (GO) and triglyceride glucose index (TGI) and to evaluate the predictive importance of this index in terms of GO activity.

Methods:
This retrospective study included 20 inactive GO patients, 20 active GO patients, and 20 healthy controls. TGI was calculated using fasting plasma triglyceride and fasting plasma glucose levels and values were compared between the groups. The receiver operating characteristics curve was used to calculate the optimal TGI cutoff value and the sensitivity and specificity of this value between active and inactive GO groups.

Results:
No significant difference was detected between the groups in terms of age and gender (p = 0.561 and p = 0.762, respectively). TGI value was 8.49 (8.41, 8.67) in the control group, 8.76 (8.74, 8.87) in the inactive GO group, and 9.06 (8.87, 9.08) in the active GO group (p < 0.001 for control group vs. inactive GO group; p < 0.001 for control group vs. active GO group; p = 0.001 for inactive GO group vs. active GO group). The optimal receiver operating characteristics cutoff value of TGI between active and inactive GO groups was 8.86 with 85% sensitivity and 75% specificity (area under curve: 0.837, p < 0.001, 95% confidence interval: 0.711–0.964).

Conclusion:
TGI was higher in both inactive and active GO patients compared with controls. It also appears that TGI may be used as a predictive marker indicating GO activity. This cheap and easily accessible parameter may be beneficial in detecting the disease and monitoring its activity in clinical practice.
Influence of the Phenylephrine Test in Outcomes of External Levator Advancement for Involutional Ptosis
Authors: Chaneac Livia , Bertrand Baptiste , Schmid Amaury , Guyot Laurent , David Thierry , Dalmas Florian 
Published: May 2024

Purpose:
This study aims to evaluate the influence of preoperative phenylephrine testing on the surgical outcome of patients undergoing surgery for involutional ptosis by external levator advancement.

Methods:
This was an observational, monocentric, retrospective study. Fifty-one eyelids from 32 patients, who had surgery between January 2018 and May 2023, were included for analysis. Preoperative clinical examination data were collected. Evaluation was performed at 1 month postoperatively. Surgical success was defined by a postoperative margin reflex distance between 3 and 5 mm inclusive. Symmetry success was defined by a difference in margin reflex distance between the 2 upper eyelids of no more than 1 mm.

Results:
The surgical success rate was 86%. A positive preoperative phenylephrine test was significantly associated with a better surgical success rate (p = 0.01), including on symmetry (p = 0.01). The secondary outcomes, namely preoperative margin reflex distance, function of the upper eyelid levator muscle, and unilaterality of surgery, were not statistically associated with surgical outcome.

Conclusions:
The phenylephrine test is a predictive factor of surgical success in patients undergoing external levator advancement. Our study suggests that patients with a negative phenylephrine test should be overcorrected intraoperatively.
Impact of metabolic bariatric surgery on outcomes and the 10-year risk of major adverse cardiovascular events during a 7-year period: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Pan Hsin-Mei , Lee Wei-Jei , Ser Kong-Han , Soong Tien-Chou , Lee Ming-Hsien , Lin Chien-Hua , Hsu Kuo-Feng 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Metabolic bariatric surgery offers enduring weight reduction and alleviation of obesity-related comorbidities, including dyslipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Long-term data on one-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) and single-anastomosis duodenal-jejunal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy (SADJB-SG) is lacking, necessitating this investigation.

Materials and Methods:
In this multicenter prospectively-collected retrospective observational study, 830 adult Taiwanese patients (682 OAGB, 148 SADJB-SG) who underwent surgery from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2017, were initially identified. Following protocol, 224 patients (177 OAGB, 47 SADJB-SG) with complete follow-up data at various intervals up to 3 years after surgery were included in the final analysis. The study’s primary focus is to evaluate the long-term safety, efficacy, and durability of OAGB and SADJB-SG in promoting weight loss and diabetes remission. Additionally, changes in 10-year and lifetime risks of MACE before and 3-year after surgery are assessed using Taiwan MACE risk prediction model and the China-PAR project model.

Results:
SADJB-SG patients exhibit higher diabetes prevalence, lower BMI, and more severe diabetes compared to OAGB. Both groups demonstrate significant improvements in BMI, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia three years after surgery, with the most substantial improvements occurring in the second year. The Taiwan MACE risk model reveals a significant reduction in 10-year MACE and stroke risks for both groups. The China-PAR project model indicates a synchronized reduction in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease 10-year and lifetime risk in both OAGB and SADJB-SG groups.

Conclusions:
OAGB and SADJB-SG exhibit sustained improvements in weight reduction and obesity-related comorbidities over 3 years after surgery. Notably, both procedures contribute to a substantial reduction in 10-year MACE, stroke, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risks. These findings underscore the efficacy of OAGB and SADJB-SG in the context of metabolic bariatric surgery.
A Randomized Crossover Study in Single-Sided Deafness Comparing a Cartilage Conduction CROS System and an Air-Conduction CROS System
Authors: Takaki Ken , Kashio Akinori , Nozaki Etsushi , Kanai Tomomi , Kamogashira Teru , Saze Fumikazu , Uranaka Tsukasa , Urata Shinji , Koyama Hajime , Kawahara Yoshihiro , Yamasoba Tatsuya 
Published: May 2024

Objective
To investigate if cartilage conduction (CC) rerouting devices are noninferior to air-conduction (AC) rerouting devices for single-sided deafness (SSD) patients by measuring objective and subjective performance using speech-in-noise tests that resemble a realistic hearing environment, sound localization tests, and standardized questionnaires.

Study Design
Prospective, single-subject randomized, crossover study.

Setting
Anechoic room inside a university.

Patients
Nine adults between 21 and 58 years of age with severe or profound unilateral sensorineural hearing loss.

Interventions
Patients’ baseline hearing was assessed; they then used both the cartilage conduction contralateral routing of signals device (CC-CROS) and an air-conduction CROS hearing aid (AC-CROS). Patients wore each device for 2 weeks in a randomly assigned order.

Main Outcome Measures
Three main outcome measures were 1) speech-in-noise tests, measuring speech reception thresholds; 2) proportion of correct sound localization responses; and 3) scores on the questionnaires, “Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit” (APHAB) and “Speech, Spatial, and Qualities of Hearing Scale” with 12 questions (SSQ-12).

Results
Speech reception threshold improved significantly when noise was ambient, and speech was presented from the front or the poor-ear side with both CC-CROS and AC-CROS. When speech was delivered from the better-ear side, AC-CROS significantly improved performance, whereas CC-CROS had no significant effect. Both devices mainly worsened sound localization, whereas the APHAB and SSQ-12 scores showed benefits.

Conclusion
CC-CROS has noninferior hearing-in-noise performance except when the speech was presented to the better ear under ambient noise. Subjective measures showed that the patients realized the effectiveness of both devices.
Quality of Life for Patients with Sporadic Small Vestibular Schwannomas Following Middle Fossa Craniotomy
Authors: Jiramongkolchai Pawina , Vacaru Alexandra , La Monte Olivia , Lee Joshua , Schwartz Marc S. , Friedman Rick A. 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveTo evaluate quality-of-life outcomes for patients with vestibular schwannomas (VS) undergoing a middle cranial fossa (MCF) approach.Study DesignProspective study from 2018 to 2023.SettingTertiary academic institution.PatientsAdults with sporadic VS.InterventionsMCFMain Outcome MeasuresThe primary outcome measure was the change in preoperative and 1-year postoperative Penn Acoustic Neuroma Quality-of-life (PANQOL) scores. Secondary outcome measures included hearing preservation and facial nerve function.ResultsOf the 164 patients who underwent MCF for sporadic VS, 78 patients elected to voluntarily complete preoperative PANQOL assessments prior to surgery. Seventy-one (91%) of those 78 patients completed postoperative PANQOL surveys. Fifty (70%) of the respondents were female and the median age was 48 years (range, 27–71 years). Overall, at 1-year postsurgery, a minimal clinically important difference (MCID) was obtained in the hearing (mean difference, 10.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.3–16.7) and anxiety (mean difference, 18.8; 95% CI, 11.7–25.9) domains. For patients with hearing preservation (n = 48, 68%), MCIDs were reached in the hearing (mean difference, 13.4; 95% CI, 6.3–20.6), anxiety (mean difference, 20.8; 95% CI, 11.8–29.9), energy (mean difference, 13.7; 95% CI, 3.6–23.8), pain (mean difference, 13.7; 95% CI, 3.6–23.8) domains, and overall PANQOL scores (mean difference, 12.7; 95% CI, 7.1–18.3). Postoperatively, 64 (90%) patients maintained a House-Brackmann I.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the largest study examining disease-specific QOL for VS patients undergoing MCF. Based on our institution's experience, MCF approach for small VS is associated with clinically meaningful improvements in QOL, hearing preservation, and excellent facial nerve outcomes.
Comparison of the benefits and risks of hemihepatic inflow occlusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Guo Lianming , Gong Weiqiang 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Application of hemihepatic inflow occlusion (HIO) and total hepatic inflow occlusion (TIO) are two common approaches for hepatectomy. However, their efficacy and safety remain controversial.

Methods:
Randomized control trials (RCTs) published before 15t January 2023 were included by a systematic literature search, which compared the clinical outcomes between HIO and TIO. The primary outcome was the estimated blood loss (EBL). Three independent authors screened and extracted the data and resolved disagreements by consensus. The ROB2.0 tool was used for evaluating the risk of bias.

Results:
A total of 1026 patients (511 TIO and 515 HIO) from 9 studies were analyzed in the meta-analyses. The EBL between TIO and HIO group was similar, while HIO was associated with a lower proportion of patients required transfusion (P=0.002), less units of blood transferred (P<0.001) and a lower overall complication rate (P=0.008). There were no significant differences between TIO and HIO in mortality (P=0.37), length of stay (P=0.97), bile leak rate (P=0.58), liver failure rate (P=0.96), reoperation rate (P=0.48), postoperative haemorrhage rate (P=0.93) and incidence of postoperative ascites (P=0.96). The operative time of HIO was usually no more than 15 min longer than that of TIO (P<0.001).

Conclusions:
Comparing with the TIO, HIO increased the operative time and failed to further reduce the EBL in patients with liver surgery. However, despite the complexity of the operation, HIO was recommended due to the similar effect on the consumption of blood products and the postoperative complications.
Safety of Monoclonal Antibodies as Treatment for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) During Pregnancy
Authors: Bugaighis Mona , Milosh Brooke , Cervia Joseph 
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVE:
Pregnant patients are at increased risk of severe illness, in-hospital mortality, and preterm birth in the setting of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, they often are excluded from clinical trials that analyze improved therapeutics for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Thus, there are relatively few available data that examine the safety of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in pregnant patients with COVID-19, which we aimed to explore in this systematic review.

DATA SOURCES:
We searched PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE, and Google Scholar on September 30, 2022. Included studies encompassed English-language case reports with at least five participants, cross-sectional studies, case–control studies, cohort studies, retrospective or prospective chart reviews, and randomized controlled trials that enrolled pregnant women who received SARS-CoV-2–targeted mAbs. Studies were screened for eligibility using Covidence according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines and were subsequently evaluated for risk of bias with the JBI critical appraisal checklist.

TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS:
Initial search yielded 616 studies; 13 publications were ultimately eligible. Pregnant patients were treated with SARS-CoV-2–neutralizing mAbs casirivimab-imdevimab, bamlanivimab, or bamlanivimab-etesevimab. A total of 365 patients were treated with casirivimab-imdevimab, 13 were treated with bamlanivimab, and 11 were treated with bamlanivimab-etesevimab. There were no cases of maternal mortality. Eighteen of the 389 patients had adverse effects related to mAb administration—all resolved. Of the patients treated with casirivimab-imdevimab, there were 35 preterm deliveries, two fetal deaths, one neonatal death due to sepsis, five cases of preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM), one case of PROM, and 24 neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions. Of the patients treated with bamlanivimab, there was one case of preterm PROM and one preterm delivery. There were no NICU admissions in the bamlanivimab or bamlanivimab-etesevimab cohorts.

CONCLUSION:
Preliminary data suggest that neutralizing mAb treatment for COVID-19 in pregnant patients is safe. However, treatment-associated events support the importance of clinical trials to determine the statistical significance of maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnant patients treated with SARS-CoV-2–targeted mAbs.
Patient Outcomes Compared Between Admissions Coordinated by the Transfer Center and Emergency Department at a U.S. Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Pagali Sandeep R. , Ryu Alexander J. , Fischer Karen M. , Parikh Riddhi S. , Newman James S. , Burton M. Caroline 
Published: May 2024

Background
Patient admissions at a U.S. tertiary care hospital occur via the emergency department (ED), or transfer center. We aim to compare the clinical outcomes of patients admitted from the ED to admissions coordinated by the transfer center.

Methods
Admissions to Mayo Clinic Hospital, Rochester, MN, between July 2019 to June 2021 were identified in this retrospective study and categorized into two cohorts—transfer center and ED. The two cohorts were then matched for age, sex, admitting service, and Charlson Comorbidity Index. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to compare hospital length of stay (LOS), mortality, 30-day mortality, and 30-day readmissions between the two cohorts.

Results
73,685 admissions were identified, of which 24,262 (33%) were transfer center admissions. In the matched cohorts (n = 19,093, each), in-hospital mortality (2.4% versus 1.9%), 30-day mortality (5.4% versus 3.9%), 30-day readmission (12.7% versus 7.2%), and LOS (6.4 days versus 5.1 days) were significantly higher (P < 0.001) among the admissions coordinated by transfer center. A higher palliative care consultation rate (9.4% versus 6.2%, P < 0.001), and a lower proportion of home discharges home (76.2% versus 82.5%, P < 0.001) among transfer center admissions was observed. Similar findings were noted in multivariate analysis, even when adjusting for LOS.

Conclusions
Transfer center admissions had higher in-hospital mortality, LOS, 30-day mortality, and 30-day readmission compared to ED admissions. This study also highlights new considerations for palliative care consultation before transfer acceptance, especially to avoid futile transfers. Additional studies analyzing factors behind the outcomes of transfer center admissions are required.
Telehealth and Telemedicine
Authors: Bonica Gina M. , Johns Richard W. , Jadvar Hossein 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Telehealth and telemedicine experienced remarkable growth during and after the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Telehealth is generally defined as nonclinical services that employ telecommunication technology. Telemedicine refers more specifically to remote clinical services including diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment. Nuclear medicine is no exception in employing telemedicine increasingly in clinical practice for image interpretation and treatment consultation and care delivery supervision. There is no doubt that soon, the use of tele-nuclear medicine will increase, comparable to the employment of telecommunication in other fields of medicine. We review the medicolegal and regulatory aspects of the evolution in the clinical practice of medicine through telehealth and telemedicine.
The Effects of Sustained Immunosuppression Withdrawal After Liver Transplantation on Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Angelico Roberta , Sensi Bruno , Toti Luca , Campanella Elisa , Lenci Ilaria , Baiocchi Leonardo , Tisone Giuseppe , Manzia Tommaso Maria 
Published: May 2024

Background.
Liver transplant (LT) recipients often experience adverse effects of immunosuppressive (IS) drugs, especially on metabolic profiles. Selected LT recipients can achieve successful IS withdrawal; however, its effects on metabolic syndrome (MS) are unknown.

Methods.
This is a retrospective single-center study investigating the incidence and/or regression of MS in 75 selected LT recipients who were previously enrolled in prospective IS withdrawal trials between 1999 and 2017. Patients who were transplanted due to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis/metabolic-associated fatty liver disease were excluded, as well as those with a follow-up <3 y after IS weaning.

Results.
Forty-four patients (58.7%) achieved sustained withdrawal or minimization of immunosuppression (WMIS) and 31 patients (41.3%) required reintroduction of immunosuppression (no-WMIS). Among LT recipients who were metabolically healthy (n = 52, 69.3%) before the start of IS weaning, there was a significantly lower rate of de novo MS in WMIS patients compared with no-WMIS patients after 5 y (8.3% and 47.8%, respectively, P = 0.034). Of 23 LT recipients (30.7%) who had MS at the time of commencing IS withdrawal, complete regression of MS was observed in 47.1% of WMIS patients and in none (0%) of the no-WMIS patients after 5 y (P = 0.054). Furthermore, individual components of MS were better controlled in IS-weaned patients, such as arterial hypertension and abnormal serum lipids.

Conclusions.
Achievement of sustained IS withdrawal reduces the incidence of de novo MS development in metabolically healthy patients and increases the likelihood of MS regression in patients with established MS. The foreseeable long-term beneficial effects of these favorable metabolic changes on morbidity and mortality of LT recipients require further investigation.