bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure of FocB – a member of a family of transcription factors regulating fimbrial adhesin expression in uropathogenic Escherichia coli
Authors: Hultdin Ulrika W. , Lindberg Stina , Grundström Christin , Huang Shenghua , Uhlin Bernt Eric , Sauer‐Eriksson A. Elisabeth 
Published: July 2010

In uropathogenic Escherichia coli, UPEC, different types of fimbriae are expressed to mediate interactions with host tissue. FocB belongs to the PapB family of transcription factors involved in the regulation of fimbriae gene clusters. Recent findings suggest that members from this family of proteins may form homomeric or heteromeric complexes and exert both positive and negative effects on the transcription of fimbriae genes. To elucidate the detailed function of FocB, we have determined its crystal structure at 1.4 Å resolution. FocB is an all α‐helical protein with a helix‐turn‐helix motif. Interestingly, conserved residues important for DNA‐binding are located not in the postulated recognition helix of the motif, but in the preceding helix. Results from protein–DNA‐binding studies suggest that FocB interacts with the minor groove of its cognate DNA target, which is indicative of a DNA interaction that is unusual for this motif. FocB crystallizes in the form of dimers. Packing interactions in the crystals give two plausible dimerization interfaces. Conserved residues, known to be important for protein oligomerization, are present at both interfaces, suggesting that both sites could play a role in a functional FocB protein.Structured digital abstract
MINT‐7901626: focB (uniprotkb:Q93K76) and focB (uniprotkb:Q93K76) bind (MI:0407) by x‐ray crystallography (MI:0114)
Psychoaffective Differences Between Sexually Functional and Dysfunctional Men in Response to a Sexual Experience
Authors: Rowland David L. , Georgoff Victoria L. , Burnett Arthur L. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Although anxiety and depression have long been implicated as factors in the development and maintenance of sexual dysfunction, other emotional states, more typical and within the range of normality, have received little attention.

Aim
To investigate key differences in self-reported affective responses between sexually functional and dysfunctional males in the context of a sexual episode with their partner.

Methods
Participants were men seeking treatment at a urology clinic for either a sexual problem (N = 79) or another urological disorder (N = 16). Individuals rated their affective state across 28 descriptors in response to a partnered sexual experience.

Main Outcome Measure
The 28-item Psychoaffective Response Form consisted of items assessing positive and negative affect. Principle components analysis was used to identify major underlying positive and negative factors.

Results
Significant differences were found on nearly all 28 measures of affective response as well as five major underlying factors constructed from those measures. Dysfunctional men more strongly endorsed negative affects and functional men more strongly endorsed positive affects, even though all suffered from a significant urological health issue. No differences existed in sexual desire or the value ascribed to sexual intimacy, suggesting that negative feelings were specifically associated with inadequate sexual performance and not general health concerns.

Conclusion
These findings reiterate the importance of addressing patients’ emotional issues as part of any overall treatment strategy.
Effects of Testosterone Undecanoate on Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Atherosclerosis in Middle-Aged Men with Late-Onset Hypogonadism and Metabolic Syndrome: Results from a 24-month, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
Authors: Aversa Antonio , Bruzziches Roberto , Francomano Davide , Rosano Giuseppe , Isidori Andrea M. , Lenzi Andrea , Spera Giovanni 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Longitudinal studies have demonstrated that male hypogonadism could be considered a surrogate marker of incident cardiovascular disease.

Aim
To evaluate the effects of parenteral testosterone undecanoate (TU) in outclinic patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) and late-onset hypogonadism (total testosterone (T) at or below 11 nmol/L or free T at or below 250 pmol/L).

Methods
This is a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, parallel group, single-center study. Fifty patients (mean age 57 ± 8) were randomized (4:1) to receive TU 1,000 mg (every 12 weeks) or placebo (PLB) gel (3–6 g/daily) for 24 months.

Main Outcome Measures
Homeostasis model assessment index of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), carotid intima media thickness (CIMT), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP).

Results
At baseline, all patients fulfilled the National Cholesterol Education Program-Third Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP-ATPIII) and International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria for the definition of MS. An interim analysis conducted at 12 months showed that TU markedly improved HOMA-IR (P &lt;0.001), CIMT (P &lt;0.0001), and hsCRP (P &lt;0.001) compared with PLB; thus, all patients were shifted to TU treatment. After 24 months, 35% (P &lt;0.0001) and 58% (P &lt;0.001) of patients still presented MS as defined by NCEP-ATPIII and IDF criteria, respectively. Main determinants of changes were reduction in waist circumference (P &lt;0.0001), visceral fat mass (P &lt;0.0001), and improvement in HOMA-IR without changes in body mass index (BMI).

Conclusions
TU reduced fasting glucose, waist circumference, and improved surrogate markers of atherosclerosis in hypogonadal men with MS. Resumption and maintenance of T levels in the normal range of young adults determines a remarkable reduction in cardiovascular risk factors clustered in MS without significant hematological and prostate adverse events.
The Effect of Pelvic Organ Prolapse on Sexual Function in a General Cohort of Women
Authors: Tok Ekrem C. , Yasa Osman , Ertunc Devrim , Savas Aysun , Durukan Huseyin , Kanik Arzu 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
This is a report about the effects of pelvic organ prolapse on sexual function in women.

Aim
To determine the effect of pelvic organ prolapse on sexual function in women.

Methods
The study group consisted of 1,267 sexually active women. Baseline characteristics, medical and obstetric history of the patients were recorded. All women underwent vaginal examination to determine the degree of prolapse by pelvic organ prolapse quantification (POPQ) system. Of 1,267 women, 342 (27.0%) had prolapse stage ≥2.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
The Pelvic Organ Prolapse Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire short form (PISQ-12) scores of the women were recorded.

Result(s)
Women with genital prolapse had lower PISQ-12 scores than women without it. The difference resulted mainly from urinary incontinence during sexual activity, fear of incontinence and avoidance of intercourse due to prolapse. Multivariate analyses showed that genital prolapse was one of the confounding factors for sexual function.

Conclusion(s)
Pelvic floor dysfunction is a multi-faceted problem because it has both anatomical and functional aspects. Although pelvic organ prolapse had an effect on some aspects of sexuality, it has no effect on certain aspects of sexual function such as orgasm and sexual satisfaction.
A Mouse Model of Cavernous Nerve Injury-Induced Erectile Dysfunction: Functional and Morphological Characterization of the Corpus Cavernosum
Authors: Jin Hai-Rong , Chung Yeun Goo , Kim Woo Jean , Zhang Lu Wei , Piao Shuguang , Tuvshintur Buyankhuu , Yin Guo Nan , Shin Sun Hwa , Tumurbaatar Munkhbayar , Han Jee-Young , Ryu Ji-Kan , Suh Jun-Kyu 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
With the advent of genetically engineered mice, it seems important to develop a mouse model of cavernous nerve injury (CNI).

Aim
To establish a mouse model of CNI induced either by nerve crushing or by neurectomy and to evaluate time-dependent derangements in penile hemodynamics in vivo and subsequent histologic alterations in the cavernous tissue.

Methods
Twelve-week-old C57BL/6J mice were divided into 4 groups (N=36 per group): control, sham operation, bilateral cavernous nerve crush, and bilateral cavernous neurectomy group.

Main Outcome Measures
Three days and 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after CNI, erectile function was measured by electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerve. The penis was then harvested and TUNEL was performed. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed assaying for caspase-3, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), phospho-Smad2, PECAM-1, factor VIII, and smooth muscle α-actin. The numbers of apoptotic cells and phospho-Smad2-immunopositive cells in endothelial cells or smooth muscle cells were counted.

Results
Erectile function was significantly less in the cavernous nerve crushing and neurectomy groups than in the control or sham group. This difference was observed at the earliest time point assayed (day 3) and persisted up to 4 weeks after nerve crushing and to 12 weeks after neurectomy. The apoptotic index peaked at 1 or 2 weeks after CNI and decreased thereafter. Cavernous TGF-β1 and phospho-Smad expression was also increased after CNI. The numbers of apoptotic cells and phospho-Smad2-immunopositive cells in cavernous endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells were significantly greater in the cavernous nerve crush and cavernous neurectomy groups than in the control or sham group.

Conclusion
The mouse is a useful model for studying pathophysiologic mechanisms involved in erectile dysfunction after CNI. Early intervention to prevent apoptosis in smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells or to inhibit cavernous tissue fibrosis is required to restore erectile function.
CAN WE BE BRIEF?
Authors: Bravesmith Anna 
Published: July 2010

abstractThe author explores the subjective and objective nature of time in relation to brief psychotherapy, the contemporary contexts for this work and the impact of research on the changing culture of provision of counselling/psychotherapy. She describes clinical treatment using a brief Dynamic Relational approach with a traumatized patient in primary care who presents with panic and depression. Through this case she illustrates the most significant points of technique in her interpretation of this approach: assessment through interactional aspects of the first and second meetings, further assessment through history‐taking and the development of narrative, forming a collaborative focus based on a maladaptive relational pattern, selective inattention and benign neglect, interpretative ‘action’, termination and the collaborative therapeutic summary and use of other attachment figures available in the primary care team setting, particularly during the termination phase. The patient's unconscious and conscious internalization processes enable brief treatment to be durable, and it is argued that depth can be achieved. The author contends that brief therapy requires specific techniques but also makes connections with long‐term analytic work, for example, the parallel between Bion's concept of the ‘selected fact’ and the ‘focus’ in brief therapy.
PASSION AND SIMILARITY: THE CLINICAL APPLICATION OF MATTE BLANCO'S IDEAS
Authors: Ginzburg Alessandra 
Published: July 2010

abstractI will focus on Matte Blanco's hypothesis of emotion and the unconscious as being substantially the same. This concept allows us to apply the same instruments to understanding emotional reactions as we use with manifestations of the unconscious, such as dreams and symptoms. The tendency towards undifferentiation in the deepest strata of the mind is capable of mobilizing dramatic experiences of inappropriate amplification of the concept of identity. When a simple relation of similarity is translated into equivalence, a symmetrization arises and different people or situations on a basis of a single common characteristic are treated as if identical and interchangeable. In my clinical example, Franco had a panic attack with florid somatic symptoms on the same day he felt that Sara, a woman in whom he had become interested, was attracted to someone else. The intensity of feelings had grown exponentially from the moment the suspicion had arisen that he might have to ‘share her with another’. The infinite quality of his emotion suggested that his jealousy had constructed Sara as part of a broader class of women whom, for whatever reason, he felt to be indispensable to his survival. Only the understanding of this propositional function, through the decrease of the incandescence of emotions, allowed Sara, considered as a class, to be seen as an individual person.
‘DEATH'S DREAM KINGDOM’: THE REPRESENTATION OF THE UNCONSCIOUS IN APOCALYPSE NOW
Authors: Valentine Marguerite 
Published: July 2010

abstractThe film Apocalypse Now, first released in 1979, is now recognized as Francis Ford Coppola's masterpiece. Inspired by Joseph Conrad's 19th century novella Heart of Darkness, the film tells the story of a journey upriver into a threatening interior where the protagonists face the challenge of attack from an unseen and savage enemy, disease, madness and death. The film can be ‘read’ from a number of different perspectives: as representing the USA's conflict with Vietnam, as a journey into man's soul or, from a psychoanalytic perspective, as representing the unconscious. Derived from this perspective, the author questions why Apocalypse Now continues to have such resonance. Working with Matte Blanco's theory of the mind which he saw as manifesting a form of logic, and which he called bi‐logic, the author interrogates three significant scenes from the film and argues that they can be understood to represent increasingly deeper levels of the unconscious. It is this evocation which makes the film unforgettable.
THE QUESTION OF GOD AND THE DOCTRINE OF THE TRINITY
Authors: Bomford Rodney 
Published: July 2010

abstractThis paper begins with an explanation of the five strata of mental life that Ignacio Matte Blanco described. In the first stratum common sense (Aristotelian) logic is employed, whereas the fifth stratum is dominated by symmetric logic, the logic of the unconscious which, when taken to the extreme, identifies everything with everything else. The intermediate strata use a mix of the two logics in different proportions. The discourse generated by each stratum has certain typical features: factual assertions in the first, simile in the second, metaphor and symbol in the third, paradox and contradiction in the fourth, and the silence of mystical contemplation in the fifth.The author argues that these five strata are illuminating in the study of theology. Factual discourse can say little or nothing about God, whereas the fifth stratum is about nothing else. In the middle stratum is found the metaphoric and symbolic Christian narrative, from creation to the Incarnation in Jesus, his life, death, resurrection and, finally, to the End of the world. Reflection on this third stratum narrative led theologians to the doctrinal paradoxes of the Trinity and Incarnation, apparently rational but actually self‐contradictory. Finally, a comparison is drawn between the thought of Nicholas of Cusa, the last great mediaeval theologian and expositor of the composition of opposites, and Matte Blanco's theory of symmetric logic.
Temporal and Spatial Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases Following Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Lindsey Merry L. , Zamilpa Rogelio 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYFollowing a myocardial infarction (MI), the homeostatic balance between matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) is disrupted as part of the left ventricle (LV) response to injury. The full complement of responses to MI has been termed LV remodeling and includes changes in LV size, shape and function. The following events encompass the LV response to MI: (1) inflammation and LV wall thinning and dilation, (2) infarct expansion and necrotic myocyte resorption, (3) accumulation of fibroblasts and scar formation, and (4) endothelial cell activation and neovascularization. In this review, we will summarize MMP and TIMP roles during these events, focusing on the spatiotemporal localization and MMP and TIMP effects on cellular and tissue‐level responses. We will review MMP and TIMP structure and function, and discuss specific MMP roles during both the acute and chronic phases post‐MI, which may provide insight into novel therapeutic targets to limit adverse remodeling in the MI setting.
REVIEW: New Antithrombotics for Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Bereznicki Luke R.E. , Peterson Gregory M. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most commonly occurring arrhythmia, and is a condition of both significant clinical and economic importance. An antithrombotic agent is considered mandatory as part of the management in most patients with AF. It has been conclusively demonstrated that long‐term anticoagulation therapy can significantly reduce the risk of stroke in patients with nonvalvular AF. While vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) such as warfarin are highly effective, they possess numerous limitations that curtail their use, or make their use challenging for clinicians and patients. A new generation of anticoagulants are being investigated in phase III clinical trials in patients with AF. One or more of these agents have the potential to either replace or act as alternatives to VKA therapy in AF. This group includes the direct thrombin inhibitor, dabigatran, the direct factor Xa inhibitors rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban, and finally, the vitamin K analogue, tecarfarin. Additional agents are being developed in phase I or II clinical trials. The direct thrombin and factor Xa inhibitors are generally small, synthetic molecules with predictable pharmacokinetics, a predictable pharmacodynamic effect, few drug interactions and do not require routine therapeutic drug monitoring. These new anticoagulants may well represent a new era in anticoagulation. However, they do possess their own limitations and will present new challenges for clinicians.
REVIEW: Sodium Channel (Dys)Function and Cardiac Arrhythmias
Authors: Remme Carol Ann , Bezzina Connie R. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYCardiac voltage‐gated sodium channels are transmembrane proteins located in the cell membrane of cardiomyocytes. Influx of sodium ions through these ion channels is responsible for the initial fast upstroke of the cardiac action potential. This inward sodium current thus triggers the initiation and propagation of action potentials throughout the myocardium and consequently plays a central role in excitability of myocardial cells and proper conduction of the electrical impulse within the heart. The importance of sodium channels for normal cardiac electrical activity is emphasized by the occurrence of potentially lethal arrhythmias in the setting of inherited and acquired sodium channel disease. During common pathological conditions such as myocardial ischemia and heart failure, altered sodium channel function causes conduction disturbances and ventricular arrhythmias. In addition, sodium channel dysfunction caused by mutations in the SCN5A gene, encoding the major sodium channel in heart, is associated with a number of arrhythmia syndromes. Here, we provide an overview of the structure and function of the cardiac sodium channel, the clinical and biophysical characteristics of inherited and acquired sodium channel dysfunction, and the (limited) therapeutic options for the treatment of cardiac sodium channel disease.
Treatment of an amelogenesis imperfecta with restorations prepared using a modified clear matrix technique
Authors: Yiğit Özer Senem G. , Bahşi Emrullah 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe rehabilitation of a patient with amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) from both functional and esthetic standpoints represents a challenge. A number of treatment options have been proposed. Recently, the use of adhesive restorations has gained popularity because of the improved physical properties of these materials. This article describes a treatment with direct resin composite for the restoration of teeth affected by the hypomature type of AI. A modified clear matrix technique was used during the preparation and restoration process. The use of the technique provides clinicians with reduced chair time, and the matrix can be repeated when needed; restorations can be performed relatively quickly with a minimal post‐operative finishing process. This article highlights the use of direct‐bonded resin composites providing satisfactory esthetics and function in restoring AI‐affected teeth.
Treatment of amalgam tattoo with an Er,Cr:YSGG laser
Authors: Yilmaz Hasan Guney , Bayindir Hakan , Kusakci‐Seker Basak , Tasar Simge , Kurtulmus‐Yilmaz Sevcan 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAmalgam tattoos are common, asymptomatic, pigmented oral lesions that clinically exist as isolated, blue, gray, or black macules on the gingival, buccal, and alveolar mucosae, the palate, and/or the tongue. In this case report, the successful use of an erbium, chromium‐doped:yttrium, scandium, gallium, and garnet laser for the removal of an amalgam tattoo is explained. A 46‐year‐old man is presented with a half decade history of an amalgam tattoo on his left maxillary premolar–molar gingiva. Depigmentation procedure was performed under topical anesthesia with the use of an erbium, chromium‐doped:yttrium, scandium, gallium, and garnet laser at 2 W in the soft tissue pulsed mode for 10 min. The pigmented tissue was completely removed. The de‐epithelialization area healed completely on the 10th day after treatment. The period of healing was uneventful. The amalgam tattoo was completely removed with erbium, chromium‐doped:yttrium, scandium, gallium, and garnet laser, and the treated area healed without any adverse effect.
Designing passive MRI‐safe implantable conducting leads with electrodes
Authors: Bottomley Paul A. , Kumar Ananda , Edelstein William A. , Allen Justin M. , Karmarkar Parag V. 
Published: July 2010

PurposeThe presence of implanted electronic devices with conducting leads and electrodes are contraindicated for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), denying many patients its potential benefits. The prime concern is MRI's radio frequency (RF) fields, which can cause elevated local specific absorption rates (SARs) and potential heat injury. The purpose of this article is to develop and compare a range of passive implantable “MRI‐safe” lead designs.MethodsConducting leads incorporating different lengths (3–75 cm), insulation thicknesses , resistances , coiled conductors (inner diameter ), high‐impedance RF traps, and single‐coiled and triple‐coiled coaxial‐wound “billabong” leads with reversed coil sections that oppose and reduce the induced current, are investigated both experimentally using local temperature measurements, and by numerical full‐wave electromagnetic field analysis of the local SAR, in three different‐sized bioanalogous model saline‐gel phantoms at 1.5 T MRI and 4 W/kg exposure.ResultsIn all designs, the maximum computed 1 g average SAR and experimental temperature rise occur at the bare electrodes. Electrode heating increases with lead insulation thickness and peaks for uncoiled leads 25–50 cm long. A reasonable match between computed SAR and the point SAR estimated from thermal sensors obtained by approximating the computation volume to that of the thermal probes. Factors that maximize the impedance of leads with resistive, coiled, RF trap and billabong elements can effectively limit heating below , but folded lead configurations can be a concern. The RF trap and billabong designs can both support multiple conductors and electrodes, with billabong prototype leads also heating when tested for 3 T MRI.ConclusionsLead insulation and length strongly affect implanted lead safety to RF exposure during MRI. Lead designs employing impedance and reversed winding sections offer hope for the development of passive, MRI‐safe, implantable conducting leads for future human use.