bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous voiding cystourethrography and voiding urosonography: Diagnostic comparison for vesicoureteral reflux
Authors: Uhl M. , Kromeier J. , Zimmerhackl L.-B. , Darge K. 
Published: December 2009

Purpose: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography (VUS) and voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) during simultaneous performance of both examinations. Material and Methods: A total of 24 children, 16 girls and 8 boys, with a mean age of 3.5 years referred for reflux examination were recruited for the study. After transurethral bladder catheterization, radiographic contrast medium, followed directly by the US contrast medium, were administered. Fluoroscopic VCUG and VUS were carried out concurrently in the same patient. When 1 kidney was scanned by ultrasound, fluoroscopy was performed on the contralateral side. Results: In 19 of the 47 kidney-ureter-units (KUU) vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) was detected. In 16 units the reflux was detected by both VCUG and VUS. In 3 KUUs the reflux was detected only at VCUG. All 3 cases were grade 1. Taking the VCUG as the reference standard, VUS had 84% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% and 90% positive and negative predictive values, respectively. Conclusion: A dependable comparison could be achieved by performing VCUG and VUS at the same time and under the same conditions. It reconfirmed that VUS is reliable in the exclusion or verification of reflux.
CT pulmonary angiography and suspected acute pulmonary embolism
Authors: Enden T. , Kløw N.-E. 
Published: December 2009

Purpose: To evaluate the use and quality of CT pulmonary angiography in our department, and to relate the findings to clinical parameters and diagnoses. Material and Methods: A retrospective study of 324 consecutive patients referred to CT pulmonary angiography with clinically suspected pulmonary embolism (PE). From the medical records we registered clinical parameters, blood gases, d-dimer, risk factors and the results of other relevant imaging studies. Results: 55 patients (17%) had PE detected on CT. 39 had bilateral PE, and 8 patients had isolated peripheral PE. 87% of the examinations showing PE had satisfactory filling of contrast material including the segmental pulmonary arteries, and 60% of the subsegmental arteries.D-dimer test was performed in 209 patients, 85% were positive. A negativeD-dimer ruled out PE detected at CT. Dyspnea and concurrent symptoms or detection of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), contraceptive pills and former venous thromboembolism (VTE) were associated with PE. The presence of only one clinical parameter indicated a negative PE diagnosis ( p < 0.017), whereas two or more suggested a positive PE diagnosis ( p < 0.002). CT also detected various ancillary findings such as consolidation, pleural effusion, nodule or tumor in nearly half of the patients; however, there was no association with the PE diagnosis. Conclusion: The quality of CT pulmonary angiography was satisfactory as a first-line imaging of PE. CT also showed additional pathology of importance in the chest. Our study confirmed that a negativeD-dimer ruled out clinically suspected VTE.
Can contrast-enhanced MR imaging predict survival in breast cancer?
Authors: Boné B. , Szabó B. K. , Perbeck L. G. , Veress B. , Aspelin P. 
Published: December 2009

Purpose: To investigate the value of pre-operative contrast-enhanced MR imaging (CE-MRI) in predicting the disease-free and overall survival in breast cancer. Material and Methods: The study population consisted of 50 consecutive patients with histopathologically verified primary breast cancer who pre-operatively underwent CE-MRI examination between 1992 and 1993. A three-time point MR examination was performed where the enhancement rates (C1 and C2), signal enhancement ratio (SER = C1/C2) and washout (W = C1–C2) were calculated. The relation of these MR parameters to disease-free and overall survival was investigated. The median follow-up for surviving patients was 95 months. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the impact of different factors on prediction of survival. Results: Of the MR parameters examined at univariate analysis, increased C1 ( p = 0.029), W ( p = 0.0081) and SER values ( p = 0.0081) were significantly associated with shorter disease-free survival, and only C1 ( p = 0.016) was related significantly to overall survival. Multivariate analysis for disease-free survival showed that the SER ( p = 0.014) and tumor size ( p = 0.001) were significant and independent predictors. Age ( p = 0.003), lymph node status ( p = 0.014), tumor size ( p = 0.039) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen index ( p = 0.053) remained independently associated with overall survival at multivariate analysis. C1 was not confirmed as an independent predictor of overall survival. Conclusion: Our findings support the presumption that CE-MRI is useful in predicting the disease-free survival in patients with breast cancer.
Asthmatic bronchitis for 2 years: A case report
Authors: Starakis I. , Mylona M. , Spyropoulos K. , Dimopoulos P.A. 
Published: December 2009

Longstanding asthmatic bronchitis, without evidence of underlying disease, occurring in middle-aged patients, is usually attributed to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and is treated appropriately. We report a case of 2-year asthmatic bronchitis with recurrent attacks of wheezing, in a 60-year-old patient. He had three repeated hospitalizations, in different institutions, where he was treated for exacerbations of chronic bronchitis complicated by lower respiratory tract infections. During his final hospitalization, a tracheal hamartoma was found and removed, releasing him from his symptoms.
Color doppler us findings in the diagnosis of arterial occlusive disease of the lower limb
Authors: Trusen A. , Beissert M. , Hahn D. 
Published: December 2009

Peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) of the lower limb is a widely spread disease at the present time. After clinical examination, which includes a comprehensive history of the patient, different imaging modalities are competitive in the exact assessment of PAOD. Besides digital subtraction angiography and MR -angiography, color Doppler US is an established imaging modality in the diagnosis of PAOD. This article illustrates the typical color Doppler US findings in PAOD of the lower limb. Duplex images of normal and pathological findings are presented, and the limitations of the method are pointed out. Color Doppler US examination strategies in patients suffering of PAOD are outlined.
Camurati-engelmann disease: Review of radioclinical features
Authors: Vanhoenacker F. M. , Janssens K. , Van Hul W. , Gershoni-Baruch R. , Brik R. , De Schepper A. M. 
Published: December 2009

Purpose: To present a retrospective overview of the clinical and radiological features of Camurati-Engelmann disease (CED) in a large family with genetically proven CED. Material and Methods: Clinical features and imaging studies were available in 8 affected patients out of a large Jewish-Iraqi family with 21 affected members in four generations. The patients' ages ranged between 7 and 44 years. Results and Conclusions: The most frequent symptoms were pain and muscle weakness accompanied by waddling gait. Two patients were asymptomatic. Radiologically, the disease can be classified as a craniotubular hyperostosis. Typically, fusiform thickening of the diaphyseal portions of the long bones was seen in all 8 patients, but in 1 patient, metaphyseal involvement was observed as well. Radioclinical abnormalities were most often detected before the age of 30, and were usually more extensive at older age. Radiological abnormalities may precede the clinical signs. Concomitant broadening of the diaphyses of long bones and narrowing of the medullary canal suggest that both an excessive periosteal apposition of bone and a defective resorption of bone at the endosteal side of the long bones exist.
Comparison of contrast-enhanced CT angiography and gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography in the detection of subsegmental-sized pulmonary embolism: An experimental study in a pig model
Authors: Seo J. B. , Im J.-G. , Goo J. M. , Chung M. J. , Moon W. K. , Lee K. H. , Kim I.-O. 
Published: December 2009

Purpose: To compare contrast-enhanced CT angiography (CTA) and gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography (MRA) for the detection of subsegmental-sized pulmonary emboli in a pig model. Material and Methods: In 5 anesthetized pigs, 3-mm diameter embolic materials made of Konjac, a semisolid food, were introduced through the internal jugular vein into pulmonary arteries. After embolization, CTA and MRA images were obtained. Respiration was suspended during CTA and MRA image acquisition. Two readers reviewed the CTA and MRA images to detect emboli. The pigs were sacrificed, and sliced specimens of inflated lung served as the gold standard. Results: Thirty-six emboli were detected within peripheral arteries. The sensitivity (and 95% confidence intervals) of CTA for the two readers were 57% (39–74%) and 66% (48–81%), and 88% (69–98%) and 92% (74–94%) for MRA. The specificity of CTA was 95% (91–97%) and 98% (96–99%), and that of MRA was 85% (74–93%) and 90% (80–96%). Interobserver agreement was higher for MRA (kappa 0.898) than CTA (kappa 0.574). Conclusion: For the detection of subsegmental pulmonary emboli, MRA was superior to CTA, with a higher sensitivity and interobserver agreement by demonstrating perfusion deficits.
Comparison of stereotactic fine needle aspiration cytology and core needle biopsy in 522 non-palpable breast lesions
Authors: Leifland K. , Lagerstedt U. , Svane G. 
Published: December 2009

Purpose: To compare the accuracy of stereotactic fine needle aspiration cytologies (S-FNAC) and stereotactic core needle biopsies (S-CNB) in non-palpable breast lesions. Material and Methods: Between May 1993 and December 2000, 696 patients with mammographically detected lesions were biopsied both with S-FNAC and S-CNB. S-FNAC was performed with spinal needle 22- or 20-gauge and S-CNB with an automated 14-gauge gun. Results: Of the 696 patients, 522 (75%) underwent breast surgery with postoperative histopathology. In all, 448 of these 522 women (86%) had malignant and 74 (14%) had benign lesions. S-FNAC revealed cancer in 254 (57%) and probable cancer in 48 (11%) (sensitivity 68%, specificity 99.6%) and S-CNB revealed cancer in 388 (87%) and probable cancer in 18 (4%) (sensitivity 90%, specificity 98.8%) of these 448 patients. Conclusion: S-CNB was more accurate than S-FNAC in the diagnosis of non-palpable breast cancer.
Optimization of ecg gating in quantitative femoral angiography
Authors: Nilsson S. , Berglund I. , Erikson U. , Johansson J. , Walldius G. 
Published: December 2009

Purpose: To determine which phase of the heart cycle would yield the highest reproducibility in measuring atherosclerosis-related variables such as arterial lumen volume and edge roughness. Material and Methods: 35 patients with hypercholesterolemia underwent select‐ ive femoral angiography, repeated four times at 10-min intervals. The angiographies were performed with ECG-gated exposures. In angiographies 1 and 2 the delay from R-wave maximum to each exposure was 0.1 s, in angiographies 3 and 4 the delay was 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 or 0.7 s or the exposures were performed 1/s without ECG gating. Arterial lumen volume and edge roughness were measured in a 20-cm segment of the superficial femoral artery using a computer-based densitometric method. Measurement reproducibility was determined by comparing angiographies 1–2 and angiographies 3–4. Results: When measuring arterial lumen volume and edge roughness of a 20-cm segment of the femoral artery, reproducibility was not dependent on ECG gating. In measuring single arterial diameters and cross-sectional areas, the reproducibility was better when exposures were made 0.1 s after the R-wave maximum than when using other settings of the ECG gating device or without ECG gating. Conclusion: The influence of pulsatile flow upon quantitative measurement in femoral angiograms seems to be the smallest possible in early systole, as can be demonstrated when measuring single diameters and cross-sectional areas. In variables based on integration over longer segments, measurement reproducibility seems to be independent of phase.
Utility of color duplex sonography in the assessment of efficacy of the stellate ganglion blockade
Authors: Çeliktas M. , Birbiçer H. , Aikimbaev K. , Özbek H. , Akgül E. , Binokay F. 
Published: December 2009

Purpose: To assess the hemodynamic changes in the upper extremity arteries after sympathetic ganglion blockade (SGB) by using spectral Doppler parameters and to determine the applicability of these parameters for the evaluation of SGB efficacy. Material and Methods: Spectral Doppler parameters (peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), mean velocity (mean V), flow volume, resistive and pulsatility indices (RI, PI), inner arterial diameters (intima to intima) (D) with simultaneous recordings of heart rate (HR), systolic and diastolic blood pressures and upper extremity surface temperature changes) were recorded before and 5 min after during the first, fifth and tenth SGB procedures. Results: SGB induced an increase in skin temperature in the ipsilateral hand and persistent dilatation of the radial diameter accompanied by reduction of RI and PI in the radial and third digital arteries in all patients. Conclusion: Hemodynamic changes assessed by spectral Doppler parameters could be used as sensitive and objective measurements of peripheral sympathetic nervous activity and vascular tonus, and may confirm a successfully performed SGB.
Metastases to the breast from small-cell lung cancer: MR findings: A case report
Authors: Jakovljević B. , Stevanović O. , Bačić G. 
Published: December 2009

We report a case of blood-borne metastatic breast disease of small-cell lung cancer in a 44-year-old patient with no previous history of malignancy. The possibilities of MR in the early detection of breast metastases and their appearance on MR images are discussed. Metastases to the breast should be considered when MR mammography of the breast reveals multiple, bilateral, well-defined lesions with ring enhancement and wash-out pattern.
Ultrafast MR imaging in pediatric neuroradiology
Authors: Singh R. K. , Smith J. T. , Wilkinson I. D. , Griffiths P. D. 
Published: December 2009

Purpose: To compare the diagnostic information obtained from ultrafast MR imaging with standard MR imaging techniques in pediatric neuroradiology. The goal was to judge whether ultrafast methods can be used to replace standard methods and reduce the need for sedation or general anesthesia as a result of the considerably shorter scan times. Material and Methods: Our prospective study involved 125 patients. Routine clinical imaging was performed along with two ultrafast methods. Single shot fast spin echo (SSFSE) was used to give T2-weighted images and an echo planar imaging (EPI) sequence to provide a T1-weighted images. The ultrafast images were presented to an experienced neuroradiologist who was also given the information present on the initial referral card. These reports based on the ultrafast images were then compared with the formal radiologic report made solely on the basis of the standard imaging. Results: The overall sensitivity and specificity for ultrafast imaging when compared to the reference standard were 78% and 98% with positive and negative predictive values of 98% and 76%. Pathologies characterized by small areas of subtle T2 prolongation were difficult or impossible to see on the ultrafast images but otherwise they provided reliable information. Conclusions: This paper demonstrates that ultrafast MR imaging can diagnose many pediatric intracranial abnormalities as well as standard methods. Anatomic resolution limits its capacity to define subtle developmental anomalies and contrast resolution limitations of the ultrafast methods reduce the detection of pathology characterized by subtle T2 prolongation.
Inflammatory markers increase following exposure to radiographic contrast media
Authors: Laskey W. K. , Gellman J. 
Published: December 2009

Purpose: Increased levels of markers of systemic inflammation have been noted in patients following coronary angiographic procedures. The purpose of the present study was to examine the influence of the type of the angiographic procedure as well as the type of radiographic contrast media (RCM) on markers of inflammation. Material and Methods: Thirty-seven patients undergoing diagnostic or interventional coronary angiographic procedures were randomly assigned to receive one of three RCM − an ionic low osmolar agent; a non-ionic, iso-osmotic agent; or a non-ionic, low osmolar agent. Sera were analyzed at baseline (prior to receiving RCM), and at 2, 6 and 24 h thereafter for interleukin (IL)-6 and soluble receptors for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)-1 and TNFα- 2. Results: Statistically significant increases over time in each RCM group were noted for IL-6 and both TNFα receptors. Comparable increases in inflammatory markers were observed in patients undergoing diagnostic angiography and in patients undergoing an associated coronary intervention. While these markers increased following exposure to both ionic and non-ionic RCM, there was a consistent trend towards lessened marker release with non-ionic RCM. Conclusion: Both diagnostic and interventional coronary angiographic procedures are associated with an increase in serum inflammatory markers. While both ionic and non-ionic RCM are associated with increases in serum inflammatory markers, this increase may be attenuated with non-ionic RCM.
A new gene selection procedure based on the covariance distance
Authors: Hu Rui , Qiu Xing , Glazko Galina 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMotivation: Very little attention has been given to gene selection procedures based on intergene correlation structure, which is often neglected in the context of differential gene expression analysis. We propose a statistical procedure to select genes that have different associations with others across different phenotypes. This procedure is based on a new gene association score, called the covariance distance.Results: We apply the proposed method, along with two alternative methods, to several simulated datasets and find out that our method is much more powerful than the other two. For biological data, we demonstrate that the analysis of differentially associated genes complements the analysis of differentially expressed genes. Combining both procedures provides a more comprehensive functional interpretation of the experimental results.Availability: The code is downloadable from http://www.urmc.rochester.edu/biostat/people/faculty/hu.cfmContact: huruizg@hotmail.comSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Temporal clustering by affinity propagation reveals transcriptional modules in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Kiddle Steven J. , Windram Oliver P. F. , McHattie Stuart , Mead Andrew , Beynon Jim , Buchanan-Wollaston Vicky , Denby Katherine J. , Mukherjee Sach 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Motivation: Identifying regulatory modules is an important task in the exploratory analysis of gene expression time series data. Clustering algorithms are often used for this purpose. However, gene regulatory events may induce complex temporal features in a gene expression profile, including time delays, inversions and transient correlations, which are not well accounted for by current clustering methods. As the cost of microarray experiments continues to fall, the temporal resolution of time course studies is increasing. This has led to a need to take account of detailed temporal features of this kind. Thus, while standard clustering methods are both widely used and much studied, their shared shortcomings with respect to such temporal features motivates the work presented here.
Results: Here, we introduce a temporal clustering approach for high-dimensional gene expression data which takes account of time delays, inversions and transient correlations. We do so by exploiting a recently introduced, message-passing-based algorithm called Affinity Propagation (AP). We take account of temporal features of interest following an approximate but efficient dynamic programming approach due to Qian et al. The resulting approach is demonstrably effective in its ability to discern non-obvious temporal features, yet efficient and robust enough for routine use as an exploratory tool. We show results on validated transcription factor–target pairs in yeast and on gene expression data from a study of Arabidopsis thaliana under pathogen infection. The latter reveals a number of biologically striking findings.
Availability: Matlab code for our method is available at http://www.wsbc.warwick.ac.uk/stevenkiddle/tcap.html.
Contact: s.j.kiddle@warwick.ac.uk; s.n.mukherjee@warwick.ac.uk
Extensive Functional Diversification of thePopulusGlutathioneS-Transferase Supergene Family
Authors: Lan Ting , Yang Zhi-Ling , Yang Xue , Liu Yan-Jing , Wang Xiao-Ru , Zeng Qing-Yin 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIdentifying how genes and their functions evolve after duplication is central to understanding gene family radiation. In this study, we systematically examined the functional diversification of the glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene family in Populus trichocarpa by integrating phylogeny, expression, substrate specificity, and enzyme kinetic data. GSTs are ubiquitous proteins in plants that play important roles in stress tolerance and detoxification metabolism. Genome annotation identified 81 GST genes in Populus that were divided into eight classes with distinct divergence in their evolutionary rate, gene structure, expression responses to abiotic stressors, and enzymatic properties of encoded proteins. In addition, when all the functional parameters were examined, clear divergence was observed within tandem clusters and between paralogous gene pairs, suggesting that subfunctionalization has taken place among duplicate genes. The two domains of GST proteins appear to have evolved under differential selective pressures. The C-terminal domain seems to have been subject to more relaxed functional constraints or divergent directional selection, which may have allowed rapid changes in substrate specificity, affinity, and activity, while maintaining the primary function of the enzyme. Our findings shed light on mechanisms that facilitate the retention of duplicate genes, which can result in a large gene family with a broad substrate spectrum and a wide range of reactivity toward different substrates.
The cardiovascular effects of normobaric hyperoxia in patients with heart rate fixed by permanent pacemaker
Authors: Anderson K. J. , Harten J. M. , Booth M. G. , Berry C. , McConnachie A. , Rankin A. C. , Kinsella J. 
Published: December 2009

SummaryTo investigate whether the established reductions in heart rate and cardiac output with hyperoxia in humans are primary effects or secondary to increases in systemic vascular resistance, we paced the hearts of nine patients with permanent pacemakers at a fixed rate when breathing either medical air (inspired O2 fraction 0.21) or oxygen (inspired O2 fraction 0.80) in a randomised, double‐blind fashion. A thoracic bio‐impedance machine was used to measure heart rate, stroke volume and blood pressure and calculate cardiac index and systemic vascular resistance index. Oxygen caused no change in cardiac index (p = 0.18), stroke index (p = 0.44) or blood pressure (p = 0.52) but caused a small (5.5%) increase in systemic vascular resistance index (p = 0.03). This suggests that hyperoxia has no direct myocardial depressant effects, but that the changes in cardiac output reported in previous studies are secondary to changes in systemic vascular resistance.