bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trimedlure affects mating success and mate attraction in male Mediterranean fruit flies
Authors: Shelly Todd E. , Whittier Timothy S. , Villalobos Ethel M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMale Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), are attracted to the synthetic compound trimedlure. Despite the common use of trimedlure in control programs, the underlying basis of male attraction remains unknown. In a series of laboratory trials, we compared the mating success of (treated) males exposed to trimedlure and (control) males not given access to trimedlure. When tested immediately after exposure, treated males mated more frequently than control males. This mating advantage was short‐lived, however, and males tested as little as 24 h after exposure had no advantage over control males. When tested immediately after exposure, treated males exhibited higher levels of pheromone calling than control males. Consequently, more females were attracted to treated males than to control males in field tests.
Colony orientation and successful defence behaviour in the conifer aphid, Schizolachnus pineti
Authors: Völkl Wolfgang , Stadler Bernhard 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe studied colony structure and body orientation behaviour of Schizolachnus pineti, a specialised aphid feeding on needles of Scots pine. Aphids feeding at the margin of a colony always face towards the centre of the colony, bounding the colony with their legs. This behaviour increased the defence success against the specialised parasitoid (Pauesia unilachni) and the specialised predator (Scymnus nigrinus). Both enemies had less success when attacking S. pineti from the abdominal site when compared to the front. We assume that the defence orientation displayed by marginally feeding aphids has an adaptive nature and is particularly effective when feeding in a row on linear plant structures such as needles.
Maxillary appendages used by western corn rootworms, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, to discriminate between a phagostimulant and ‐deterrent
Authors: Eichenseer Herbert , Mullin Christopher A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAblation of maxillary appendages on western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), were used to determine which mouthparts were involved in discrimination between the phagostimulant, cucurbitacin B, and the phagodeterrent, strychnine. Strychnine deterred feeding in unablated beetles when its concentration on disks was equal to or higher than cucurbitacin B. Unilateral or bilateral lacinea ablation did not affect discrimination between cucurbitacin B and strychnine. Galeal ablations abolished strychnine deterrence at equimolar concentrations of both compounds but not at higher strychnine concentrations, whereas maxillary palp ablation had no effect. However, bilateral ablation of both galea and maxillary palps resulted in a loss of deterrence at all strychnine concentrations. These results indicated strychnine sensitive chemoreceptors were primarily located on the galeae and maxillary palps. However, beetles without galeae and palps still feed on disks suggesting that cucurbitacin B sensitive chemoreceptors were located on other mouthparts and contributed to cucurbitacin B phagostimulation.
Compensatory growth response of the legume, Medicago sativa, to defoliation and denodulation
Authors: Quinn M. A. , Hall M. H. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA laboratory study was conducted to determine the effects of defoliation and denodulation on compensatory growth of Medicago sativa (L.). Plants grown hydroponically in clear plastic growth pouches were subjected to 0 and 50% nodule pruning, and 0, 25, 50, and 75% defoliation by clipping trifoliate leaves. An additional experiment was conducted to determine if clipping leaves simulated herbivory by Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) larvae. Previously, we determined that nodule pruning accurately simulated herbivory by Sitona hispidulus (L.) larvae (Quinn & Hall, 1992). Results indicated that denodulation stimulated nodule growth and caused exact compensation in standing and total number of nodules per plant within 15 days and in standing nodule biomass within 22 days of treatment. Denodulation caused a significant reduction (13%) in final shoot biomass, but did not affect significantly final root biomass. Percentage of change in number of trifoliate leaves per plant increased with the level of defoliation. Within 22 days of treatment, total number of trifoliate leaves per plant was similar to controls. However, final standing shoot biomasses were significantly less that controls, indicating undercompensatory growth. Shoot biomasses of the 25‐, 50‐, and 75%‐defoliated plants were 18, 20, and 36% lower than controls, respectively. Nodule biomass per plant was reduced by 24 and 32% in 50‐ and 75%‐defoliated plants, respectively, but was not affected significantly by 25% defoliation. Root biomass was affected by all levels of defoliation. Clipping trifoliate leaves accurately simulated defoliation by H. postica larvae. Our results indicated that partial defoliation affected shoot, root, and nodule biomass of M. sativa, but that partial denodulation only affected shoot biomass.
Priming Aphytis: behavioral modification of host selection by exposure to a synthetic contact kairomone
Authors: Hare J. D. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe introduced parasitoid, Aphytis melinus DeBach (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), utilizes a kairomone, O‐caffeoyltyrosine, to recognize California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) (Homoptera: Diaspididae). Wasps used in augmentative release programs for California red scale on California citrus are reared on oleander scale, Aspidiotus nerii Bouché (Homoptera: Diaspididae), themselves reared on squash. The goals of this study were: 1) to determine if long‐term rearing on oleander scale had caused A. melinus to develop a preference for oleander scale, and 2) to determine if the preference of oleander‐reared A. melinus for California red scale might be enhanced by exposing them to synthetic O‐caffeoyltyrosine prior to release. Wasps that were removed from their hosts as pupae and allowed to emerge as adults isolated from their hosts retained a strong preference for California red scale regardless of rearing host. This preference was reduced if wasps were allowed to emerge from oleander scale, thus acquiring early adult experience with oleander scale. The preference for California red scale was restored, however, by exposing wasps reared on oleander scale to synthetic O‐caffeoyltyrosine prior to bioassay. Exposure of A. melinus reared in commercial insectaries to O‐caffeoyltyrosine prior to release may be a means to improve the effectiveness of such wasps in augmentative release programs to control California red scale.
Pollen beetle (Meligethes aeneus) oviposition and feeding preference on different host plant species
Authors: Ekbom Barbara , Borg Annika 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe oviposition and feeding preferences of the pollen beetle, Meligethes aeneus, were determined in choice and no‐choice tests in field, semi‐field and greenhouse trials. Plant species used were Brassica napus, B. campestris, B. juncea, B. nigra, B. carinata, Sinapis alba and Crambe abyssinica. With respect to number of eggs laid, S. alba and C. abyssinica were inferior to the other species. Pollen beetles laid fewer eggs on B. nigra than on the other Brassica spp. in no‐choice tests, however this difference was partly due to fewer eggs laid per bud rather than fewer buds used for oviposition. Most eggs, for all plant species, were deposited in buds sized 2–3 mm. Feeding damage on all plant species was relatively similar. Pollen beetles seem to have a wider host range for feeding than for oviposition. There was good agreement in plant species ranking as oviposition hosts between the field, semi‐field and greenhouse trials.
The response of tsetse flies to artificial baits in relation to age, nutritional and reproductive state
Authors: Groenendijk C. A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn various vegetation types in Zimbabwe, the catches of Glossina pallidipes Austen and G. morsitans morsitans Westw. (Diptera: Glossinidae) at a target baited with odour (acetone, 1‐octen‐3‐ol and two phenols) were positively correlated with catches of the same species at an unbaited net. No correlation existed between target catches and hand net catches of tsetse flies sitting on the vegetation. G. pallidipes females caught at a target and at an unbaited net were older than those caught from vegetation. Of the female G. pallidipes caught at the target, 46% were in the first 3 days of pregnancy. Of those caught at the unbaited net, significantly fewer, 21%, were in this stage. G. pallidipes males caught from vegetation contained more fat (3.07 ± 0.333 mg) than those caught at the unbaited net (2.06 ± 0.339 mg) or at the target (2.19 ± 0.218 mg). It is inferred that target catches consisted predominantly of tsetse which were already in flight when they sensed the stimuli from the target, and that target catches were biased towards female G. pallidipes in the first 3 days of pregnancy.
Biological control of soybean stink bugs by inoculative releases of Trissolcus basalis
Authors: Corrêa‐Ferreira B. S. , Moscardi F. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractField studies of inoculative releases of Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) in early‐maturing soybean, used as a trap crop, were conducted during four consecutive seasons to evaluate the parasitoid's potential as an IPM tactic for use against stink bug (Pentatomidae) species. Fifteen thousand adults of the parasitoid were released per hectare in the trap crop when the first stink bugs were detected in the experimental area. The stink bug population density was reduced by an average of 54% in the trap crop and by 58% in the main crop. The inoculative releases produced a reduction and delay in the stink bug population peak, mainly represented by Nezara viridula (L.), Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood) and Euschistus heros (Fabr.), which were held below economic threshold levels during the most critical stages of stink bug attack on soybean (pod and seed fill, R3–R6). As a result, seed quality was better in areas where T. basalis was released, demonstrating the efficacy of inoculative releases of this egg‐parasitoid which could be an important component of the soybean IPM program in Brazil.
Spring behavioral patterns of the apple blossom weevil
Authors: Duan Jian Jun , Weber Donald C. , Hirs Beat , Dorn Silvia 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIndividual pairs of overwintered adult apple blossom weevils, Anthonomus pomorum (L.), confined with apple twigs under different ambient temperatures in the laboratory and on apple trees in the field, were observed through day and night for their spring activities. Flight behavior in relation to ambient temperature was also investigated under laboratory conditions using flight stands. Both sexes displayed predominantly nocturnal behavior patterns in both the laboratory and the field. Feeding, crawling, and mating activities increased following sunset in the field or onset of scotophase in the laboratory while resting occurred most frequently during daylight hours. Results of the laboratory experiments showed that temperature affected significantly the activity patterns. The diel pattern of activities became less distinctive at higher temperatures (above 15 °C), and total activities in crawling, feeding, and mating were suppressed significantly at lower temperatures (below 5 °C). Over 97% of the test weevils initiated take‐off response from flight stands at 20 °C within the 30 min trial period; however, flight initiation rarely occurred at temperatures 12 °C or below. Overall, results of the laboratory and field experiments indicate that A. pomorum is a remarkably cold‐adapted insect with ability to crawl, feed, and mate at a few degrees above freezing, a physiological attribute necessary for the exploitation of early stages of apple bud development in the cold early spring.
Antifeedant and toxic effects of drimanes on Colorado potato beetle larvae
Authors: Gols G. J. Z. , VAN Loon J. J. A. , Messchendorp L. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAmong the drimane compounds tested, the dialdehydes polygodial and warburganal were the most active as antifeedants against Colorado potato beetle larvae, Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), in a dual‐choice assay with potato, Solanum tuberosum L., leaf discs. Lactones were less effective. Direct observations showed that decreased feeding on leaf discs treated with polygodial and warburganal was accompanied by increased locomotory activity. Topical application of these two compounds on the insect's cuticle decreased food intake of untreated leaf discs, indicating that besides deterrent effects, toxic properties of these molecules influence feeding behaviour.
Superparasitism and host discrimination in the solitary ectoparasitoid Dinarmus basalis
Authors: Gauthier N. , Monge J. P. , Huignard J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn the solitary ectoparasitoid, Dinarmus basalis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), the occurrence of superparasitism according to the unparasitised host density, and the nature of the host(s) provided was investigated in laboratory studies. In this species superparasitism was observed whatever the experimental conditions used, but the degree of superparasitism depended on the density of its host, Bruchidius atrolineatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Superparasitism was due to successive egg‐laying phases on the same host. However, females were able to discriminate between unparasitised hosts and hosts parasitised from 8 h to 72 h beforehand by themselves or by conspecifics. There was no conclusive evidence that superparasitism in the presence of a host parasitised 30 min before was linked to an absence of host discrimination. Host discrimination in this species is achieved by host‐quality markers. These are individual‐specific markers since conspecific superparasitism rates were often higher than self superparasitism rates. One deterrent substance is emitted by the females during oviposition onto the egg or released by the 16 to 24 h‐old egg itself. Another host‐quality marker is associated with the presence of a larva on its host. On the other hand, host discrimination ability did not always imply avoidance of superparasitism. In D. basalis there exists a positive relationship between the survival probability of the second egg and the tendency to superparasitise, and superparasitism could therefore result in a significant fitness gain. Under our experimental conditions, D. basalis females exhibited a wide range of oviposition behavioural plasticity in relation to the parasitoid developmental stage, the type of superparasitism, and the encounter rate with unparasitised hosts.
Oviposition in Cryptolaemus montrouzieri stimulated by wax filaments of its prey
Authors: Merlin J. , Lemaitre O. , Grégoire J.‐C. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe oviposition responses of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to the soft scale Eupulvinaria hydrangeae (Steinweden) (Homoptera: Coccidae) and to the mealybug Planococcus citri (Risso) (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) have been compared in the laboratory. The females delay oviposition and withhold mature eggs in their lateral oviducts in the absence of wax filaments produced by the prey (only present in the ovisac of E. hydrangeae, present in all stages of P. citri). Contact chemical cues perceived by females when probing the wax filaments with their mouthparts are the signals inducing the search for oviposition sites. The second step is under the control of the ovipositor by which females locate confined sites to lay eggs. This oviposition behaviour could have a considerable impact on the prey exploitation strategy of this important biocontrol agent and might help to understand its apparent ineffectiveness in situations of low prey density.
Chemical cues produced by conspecific larvae deter oviposition by the coccidophagous ladybird beetle, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri
Authors: Merlin J. , Lemaitre O. , Grégoire J.‐C. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractExperimental evidence shows that oviposition in Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is deterred by the presence of conspecific larvae. A similar deterrent effect is also recorded when females are tested in an experimental set up that previously housed conspecific larvae. It is shown that an oviposition‐deterring pheromone is associated with the abundant wax filaments produced by the larvae of C. montrouzieri.
Antixenotic resistance of subterranean clover cotyledons to redlegged earth mite, Halotydeus destructor
Authors: Jiang Y. , Ridsdill‐Smith T. J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe short‐term response of redlegged earth mite, Halotydeus destructor (Tucker) (Acarina: Penthaleidae) to cotyledons of different varieties of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum subsp. subterraneum L.) was assessed by means of paired choice tests, and no‐choice tests. H. destructor had lower numbers and fed less on detached cotyledons of resistant than susceptible varieties, yielding a correlation between the numbers of mites and feeding damage to the cotyledons during a three hour test period. For a number of resistant and susceptible varieties, there was a negative correlation between cotyledon deterrence in the three hour choice test and feeding damage to seedlings after a two week period. Since the response of the mites to different subclover varieties occurred within three hours, it is concluded that the resistance is based on antixenosis.No evidence was obtained for antifeedant activity in organic solvent extracts from the variety DGI007 (resistant) in comparison with those from the variety Dalkeith (susceptible). Water soluble compounds from DGI007 cotyledons were preferred by mites, in feeding tests in terms of numbers, over those from Dalkeith (susceptible). Squeezed sap from the cotyledons of both varieties showed the same effects on mites as 5% glucose and were more phagostimulatory than water extracts. Mechanically damaged cotyledons of Dalkeith and DGI007 attracted more mites than the undamaged counterparts. The toughness of cotyledons in 17 varieties of T. subterraneum subsp. subterraneum was measured with a manual penetrometer. Results showed a negative correlation between toughness values and mite feeding damage scores (r2 = 0.752) for all varieties except S3615D (resistant). This implies a likely involvement of epidermal toughness as a contributor in the antixenotic resistance of these varieties. Other mechanisms may be involved in the resistance of S3615D.
Effects of fruit fly host, fruit species, and host egg to female parasitoid ratio on the laboratory rearing of Biosteres arisanus
Authors: Harris Ernest J. , Bautista Renato C. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe host suitability of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), for development of Biosteres arisanus (Sonan), a braconid parasitoid, was compared with three other fruit fly species, namely, Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata Weidemann, melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquilett, and Malaysian fruit fly, Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel). In addition, effects of five different fruit species, namely, Carica papaya L. (solo papaya), Musa sapientum (L.) O. Ktze. (apple banana), Mangifera indica (L.) (Haden mango), Terminalia catappa (L.) (false kamani), and Citrus aurantiifolia (Christman) Swingle (common lime), on the parasitization rate of B. dorsalis and sex ratio of parasitoid progenies were evaluated. Effects of host egg to female B. arisanus ratios on parasitoid progeny yields were likewise determined. The host suitability of fruit flies for development of B. arisanus was ranked as: B. dorsalis>C. capitata = B. latifrons = B. cucurbitae. Based on percent parasitization of B. dorsalis, preference of B. arisanus females for host eggs varied with fruit species, however, preferential oviposition displayed by female parasitoids did not influence sex ratios of subsequent parasitoid progenies. Increases in host egg to female parasitoid ratios of 5:1, 10:1, 20:1, 25:1, and 30:1 corresponded with increases in parasitoid progeny yield reaching a plateau at 20:1.
Dimethyl trisulphide is a strong attractant for some calliphorids and a muscid but not for the reindeer oestrids Hypoderma tarandi and Cephenemyia trompe
Authors: Nilssen Arne C. , Tømmerås Bjørn Åge , Schmid Rudolf , Evensen Sissel Barli 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA field test with synthetic dimethyl trisulphide as attractant in flight traps was carried out in Finnmark, northern Norway, in July 1992 and 1994. The reindeer oestrids Hypoderma (= Oedemagena) tarandi (L.) and Cephenemyia trompe (Modeer) (Diptera: Oestridae), previously shown to react positively to dimethyl trisulphide on the olfactory receptor level, were only caught in small numbers, with no significant differences between baited and unbaited traps. In both years, however, the baited traps caught significantly more individuals of Calliphoridae and Hydrotaea anxia (Zetterstedt) (Diptera: Muscidae) than unbaited control traps. In 1992, Protophormia terraenovae (Robineau‐Desvoidy) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and H. anxia were the predominant species (78.5% and 20.5%, respectively). In 1994, H. anxia was the most prevalent species (73.6%). Seven species of Calliphoridae were caught, with P. terraenovae, Calliphora vomitoria (L.), C. uralensis (Villeneuve) and C. loewi (Enderlain) as the most numerous ones. Dimethyl trisulphide is probably a decomposition product from bacterial activity and may be one of the major cues for calliphorid host finding. The significance of the reaction for oestrids on the receptor level, but evidently not on a behavioural level, remains unclear.
Identity and bioactivity of oviposition deterrents in pine oil for the onion maggot, Delia antiqua
Authors: Ntiamoah Y. A. , Borden J. H. , Pierce H. D. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe oviposition deterrent properties of pine oil (Norpine 65, Northwest Petrochemicals, Anacortes, Washington) for the onion maggot, Delia antiqua (Meigen), were verified using a two‐choice bioassay with onion oil as an attractive control. The principal deterrent property of this pine oil was found to reside in three monoterpenes, 3‐carene, limonene, and p‐cymene, which were the primary constituents identified in the most deterrent of two fractions made by preparative gas chromatography of steam‐distilled pine oil. At release rates of 220, 320 and 320 μg per 24 h in two‐choice bioassays these monoterpenes respectively caused 73.2, 65.4 and 56.3% deterrency of oviposition, while the ternary mixture released at 320 μg per 24 h caused 88.6% deterrency. The ternary mixture also caused 62.5% deterrency in a no‐choice bioassay. Of eight other monoterpenes tested, myrcene, α‐phellandrene, α‐terpinene, β‐phellandrene, γ‐terpinene, terpinolene, and β‐pinene were significantly deterrent in declining order, while α‐pinene was inactive. The ternary mixture was released from glass capillary tubes or flexible plastic cylinders in further bioassays that challenged caged females to oviposit around the base of 35 potted onion seedlings with release devices placed on the soil surface. The most effective deterrency (85.3%) was achieved at a release rate of 280 μg per 24 h per pot if plastic cylinder devices were deployed 24 h before the treated pot was exposed to D. antiqua females. If female D. antiqua were given only a treated pot, deterrency of oviposition on potted onion seedlings was significant, but low (11.7–63.2%). Because of incomplete efficacy, a monoterpene‐based deterrent formulation would be best used operationally if combined with other deterrents, or if it were integrated with some other tactic.