bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Periostin Is a Biomarker for Anterior Shoulder Instability: Proteomic Analysis of Synovial Fluid
Authors: Galvin Joseph W. , Milam Rachel J. , Patterson Brendan M. , Nepola James V. , Buckwalter Joseph A. , Wolf Brian R. , Say Felicity M. , Free Katherine E. , Yohannes Elizabeth 
Published: May 2024

Background: The incremental biological changes in the synovial microenvironment of the shoulder in acute and chronic instability that may contribute to joint degeneration are poorly understood. Proteomic analysis of synovial fluid in patients with shoulder instability may improve our understanding of proteins that are shed into shoulder synovial fluid after an injury. Hypothesis: Injury-specific factors such as the direction of instability and the severity of glenoid and humeral bone loss are associated with the proteome of synovial fluid in patients with shoulder instability. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Synovial fluid lavage samples were compared between patients with anterior (n = 12) and posterior (n = 8) instability and those without instability (n = 5). Synovial proteins were identified with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Orthogonal validation of protein targets found to be significant on tandem mass spectrometry was performed in a separate set of prospective patients with Western blotting. Data were processed and analyzed, and P values were adjusted with the Benjamini-Hochberg method for multiple comparisons. Results: A total of 25 patients were included. Tandem mass spectrometry identified 720 protein groups in synovial fluid of patients with shoulder instability. There were 4 synovial proteins that were significantly expressed in patients with anterior instability relative to posterior instability: periostin (POSTN) (adjusted P value = .03; log fold change [logFc] = 4.7), transforming growth factor beta–induced protein ig-h3 (adjusted P value = .05; logFc = 1.7), collagen type VI alpha-3 chain (adjusted P value = .04; logFc = 2.6), and coagulation factor V (adjusted P value = .04; logFc = −3.3). Among these targets, POSTN showed a moderate correlation with the Hill-Sachs lesion size ( r = 0.7). Prospective validation with Western blotting confirmed a significantly higher level of POSTN in synovial fluid of patients with anterior instability ( P = .00025; logFc = 5.1). Conclusion: Proteomic analysis enriched our understanding of proteins that were secreted into shoulder synovial fluid of patients with shoulder instability. The identification of POSTN, a proinflammatory catabolic protein involved with tissue remodeling and repair, as a significant target in anterior shoulder instability is a novel finding. Therefore, further study is warranted to determine the role that POSTN may play in the progression of bone loss and posttraumatic osteoarthritis. Clinical Relevance: Proteomic analysis of synovial fluid in patients with shoulder instability improved our understanding of this abnormality after an injury.
Magnetic Seeding of SPIO-BMSCs Into a Biphasic Scaffold Can Promote Tendon-Bone Healing After Rotator Cuff Repair
Authors: Zhang Chi , Jin Jia-Le , Zhou Cong-Hui , Ruan Cheng-Xing , Lei Peng-Fei , Cai You-Zhi 
Published: May 2024

Background: The tendon-bone interface (TBI) in the rotator cuff has a poor intrinsic capacity for healing, which increases the risk of retear after rotator cuff repair (RCR). However, facilitating regeneration of the TBI still remains a great clinical challenge. Herein, the authors established a novel strategy based on magnetic seeding to enhance the TBI regeneration. Hypothesis: Magnetic seeding bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO-BMSCs) into a biphasic scaffold can promote tendon-bone healing after RCR. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: BMSCs were labeled with SPIOs. Prussian blue staining, CCK-8 tests, Western blot, and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to determine the optimal effect concentration of SPIOs on cell bioactivities and abilities. Then SPIO-BMSCs were magnetically seeded into a biphasic scaffold under a magnetic field. The seeding efficacy was assessed by a scanning electron microscope, and the potential mechanism in chondrogenic differentiation after seeding SPIO-BMSCs into the scaffold was evaluated by Western blot and PCR. Furthermore, the effect of SPIO-BMSC/biphasic scaffold on tendon-bone healing after RCR using a rat model was examined using histological analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and biomechanical evaluation. Results: BMSCs labeled with 100 μg/mL SPIO had no effect on cell bioactivities and the ability of chondrogenic differentiation. SPIO-BMSCs were magnetically seeded into a biphasic scaffold, which offered a high seeding efficacy to enhance chondrogenic differentiation of SPIO-BMSCs via the CDR1as/miR-7/FGF2 pathway for TBI formation in vitro. Furthermore, in vivo application of the biphasic scaffold with magnetically seeded SPIO-BMSCs showed their regenerative potential, indicating that they could significantly accelerate and promote TBI healing with superior biomechanical properties after RCR in a rat rotator cuff tear model. Conclusion: Magnetically seeding SPIO-BMSCs into a biphasic scaffold enhanced seeding efficacy to promote cell distribution and condensation. This construct enhanced the chondrogenesis process via the CDR1as/miR-7/FGF2 pathway and further promoted tendon-bone healing after RCR in a rat rotator cuff tear model. Clinical Relevance: This study provides an alternative strategy for improving TBI healing after RCR.
Electroacupuncture improves apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells via the IL-22/JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway in a rat model of cervical intervertebral disk degeneration
Authors: Yan Sen , Xie Ling-Yao , Duan Xia-Xia , Tan Jia-Xuan , Yang Song , Meng Ling , Zhong Qing-Hua , Lin Wei-Di , Yang Jia-Ni , Xiao Yao-Yao , Jiang Xueyu 
Published: May 2024

Background: Cervical spondylosis (CS) is a prevalent disorder that can have a major negative impact on quality of life. Traditional conservative treatment has limited efficacy, and electroacupuncture (EA) is a novel treatment option. We investigated the application and molecular mechanism of EA treatment in a rat model of cervical intervertebral disk degeneration (CIDD). Methods: The CIDD rat model was established, following which rats in the electroacupuncture (EA) group received EA. For overexpression of IL-22 or inhibition of JAK2-STAT3 signaling, the rats were injected intraperitoneally with recombinant IL-22 protein (p-IL-22) or the JAK2-STAT3 (Janus kinase 2—signal transducer and activator of transcription protein 3) inhibitor AG490 after model establishment. Rat nucleus pulposus (NP) cells were isolated and cultured. Cell counting kit-8 and flow cytometry were used to analyze the viability and apoptosis of the NP cells. Expression of IL-22, JAK2 and STAT3 was determined using RT-qPCR. Expression of IL-22/JAK2-STAT3 pathway and apoptosis related proteins was detected by Western blotting (WB). Results: EA protected the NP tissues of CIDD rats by regulating the IL-22/JAK2-STAT3 pathway. Overexpression of IL-22 significantly promoted the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-6, IL-1β, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)3 and MMP13 compared with the EA group. WB demonstrated that the expression of IL-22, p-JAK2, p-STAT3, caspase-3 and Bax in NP cells of the EA group was significantly reduced and Bcl-2 elevated compared with the model group. EA regulated cytokines and MMP through activation of IL-22/JAK2-STAT3 signaling in CIDD rat NP cells. Conclusion: We demonstrated that EA affected apoptosis by regulating the IL-22/JAK2-STAT3 pathway in NP cells and reducing inflammatory factors in the CIDD rat model. The results extend our knowledge of the mechanisms of action underlying the effects of EA as a potential treatment approach for CS in clinical practice.
Research Progress on Inhibition of Osteoclast Differentiation by Traditional Chinese Medicine
Authors: Qian Yanan , Chong Siomui , Chen Qian , Yin Chengliang , Cao Yujing 
Published: May 2024

Background Bone tissue undergoes continuous remodeling to maintain a steady state of bone equilibrium. During this process, osteoblasts actively stimulate bone formation, while osteoclasts continuously engage in bone resorption. The dynamic equilibrium between bone formation and bone resorption is crucial for maintaining bone structure. In a healthy human skeletal structure, the two components are constantly in a state of benign dynamic equilibrium. However, due to factors such as aging, trauma, bone diseases, and other influences, the activity of osteoblasts decreases while the activity of osteoclasts increases. This disrupts the dynamic equilibrium, leading to a decrease in bone metabolism. As a result, bone resorption gradually surpasses bone production, making it challenging to maintain a normal amount of bone mass. The effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine in treating bone-related disorders is extraordinary, and its molecular biological mechanism has become a widely discussed subject. Objectives This study aims to unravel the classical signaling pathways and potential targets involved in the effects of traditional Chinese medicine on osteoclast differentiation, and to provide evidence for its clinical efficacy. Materials and Methods The main keywords chosen for this study were “Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)”, “osteoclast differentiation”, “natural plant”, and “medicinal plant”. To gather relevant literature, we utilized multiple online search engines, including PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI, as well as other publication resources. Results The results indicated that Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) can modulate signaling pathways, including NF-κB, MAPKs, STATs, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways., to influence osteoclast differentiation. This modulation involves maintaining the balance of inflammatory interactions, inhibiting oxidative stress. Conclusion The impact of traditional Chinese medicine on osteoclast differentiation is reflected on multiple levels and through various pathways. Future research is envisioned to delve deeper from the perspective of precision-targeted therapy, aiming to provide insights for identifying the core targets of traditional Chinese medicine in treating orthopedic diseases.
Parental experience after diagnosis of a congenital upper limb difference: a national survey
Authors: Clelland Andrew D. , Lester Ruth , Duncan Órla , Lam Wee L. 
Published: May 2024

Congenital hand and upper limb differences may be detected during antenatal ultrasonography or visually at birth. We investigated the experience of parents when they first learned that their child had an upper limb difference. This national retrospective cross-sectional quantitative and qualitative survey within the UK and Ireland received 261 responses from parents of children. Differences were first suspected antenatally among 41% of respondents and in 57% postnatally, with 2% unsure. Of the children, 54% were seen in a clinic by a specialist congenital hand surgeon within 3 months and 88% within 12 months, with 73% of respondents feeling unsupported after a diagnosis that was unexpected. Qualitative analysis outlined a broad spectrum of parental concerns about the quality of information received, especially regarding the child’s future biopsychosocial needs. This study showed the need for more support for parents from frontline healthcare professionals and the need for a streamlined referral pathway. Level of evidence: IV
Fungal infections in patients after recovering from COVID-19: a systematic review
Authors: Ulloque-Badaracco Juan R. , Copaja-Corzo Cesar , Hernandez-Bustamante Enrique A. , Cabrera-Guzmán Juan C. , Huayta-Cortez Miguel A. , Carballo-Tello Ximena L. , Seminario-Amez Rosa A. , Hueda-Zavaleta Miguel , Benites-Zapata Vicente A. 
Published: May 2024

Background and aims: The presence of fungal infections has been described in patients after recovering from COVID-19. This study aims to conduct a systematic review of studies that reported fungal infections ( Mucor spp., Pneumocystis jirovecii, or Aspergillus spp.) in adults after recovering from COVID-19. Methods: We performed a systematic review through PubMed, Web of Science, OVID-Medline, Embase, and Scopus. The study selection process was performed independently and by at least two authors. We performed a risk of bias assessment using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale for cohort and case–control studies, and the Joanna Briggs Institute’s Checklists for Case Series and Case Reports. Results: The systematic search found 33 studies meeting all inclusion criteria. There was a total population of 774 participants, ranging from 21 to 87 years. From them, 746 developed a fungal infection. In 19 studies, Mucor spp. was reported as the main mycosis. In 10 studies, P. jirovecii was reported as the main mycosis. In seven studies, Aspergillus spp. was reported as the main mycosis. Regarding the quality assessment, 12 studies were classified as low risk of bias and the remaining studies as high risk of bias. Conclusion: Patients’ clinical presentation and prognosis after recovering from COVID-19 with fungal infection differ from those reported patients with acute COVID-19 infection and those without COVID-19 infection.
EnDovascular therapy plus best medical treatment (BMT) versus BMT alone for medIum distal veSsel occlusion sTroke (DISTAL): An international, multicentre, randomized-controlled, two-arm, assessor-blinded trial
Authors: Marios-Nikos Psychogios , Alex Brehm , Jens Fiehler , Isabel Fragata , Jan Gralla , Mira Katan , Ronen Leker , Paolo Machi , Marc Ribo , Jeffrey L Saver , Daniel Strbian , Adriaan van Es , Claus Zimmer , Nikki Rommers , Luzia Balmer , Urs Fischer 
Published: May 2024

Rationale: Whether endovascular therapy (EVT) in addition to best medical treatment (BMT) in people with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to a medium distal vessel occlusion (MDVO) is beneficial remains unclear. Aim: To determine if people experiencing an AIS due to an isolated MDVO (defined as the co- or non-dominant M2 segment, the M3 or M4 segment of the middle cerebral artery, the A1, A2, or A3 segment of the anterior cerebral artery or the P1, P2 or P3 segment of the posterior cerebral artery) will have superior outcome if treated with EVT in addition to BMT compared to BMT alone. Sample size: To randomize 526 participants 1:1 to EVT plus BMT or BMT alone. Methods and design: A multicentre, international, prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded-endpoint (PROBE) superiority trial. Outcomes: The primary efficacy endpoint is the distribution of disability levels on the modified Rankin Scale at 90 days. Secondary clinical efficacy outcomes include normalized change in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score from baseline to day 1, cognitive outcome at 90 days, and health-related quality of life at 90 days. Safety outcomes include all serious adverse events, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage within 24 h, and all-cause mortality up to 90 days. Secondary imaging outcomes include successful reperfusion at end of EVT procedure and recanalization of target artery at 24 h. Discussion: DISTAL will inform physicians whether EVT in addition to BMT in people with AIS due to a MDVO is more efficacious than BMT alone.
Family-based Interventions of Preventing Substance Use Among Immigrant Youth: A Scoping Review
Authors: Li Yiyan , Maina Geoffrey , Mousavian Ghazal , Fang Yiting , Twum-Antwi Barbara , Sherstobitoff Jordan , Amoyaw Jonathan , Pandey Mamata 
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Immigrant youth face heightened risks of substance use due to the stress associated with immigration and acculturation. While parental intervention can have a preventative impact on substance use, parents need to be well-informed about substance use and effective interventions that can prevent substance use among immigrant youth. Such interventions ought to be culturally sensitive, family-based, and targeted at the specific substances that are prevalent in a given context. Identifying and curating interventions that can empower parents in addressing substance use can help mitigate the risks that immigrant youth may face. Methods: This scoping review aimed to identify the types, characteristics, and effectiveness of family-based substance use intervention programs. Based on Arksay and O’Malley’s guidelines, interventions included in the review must have met the following criteria: (a) was a family-based intervention aiming to prevent substance use; (b) targeted immigrant teens aged 12 to 17 years old; (c) was published in English; (d) originated from Australia, Canada, New Zealand, or the United States. The pinch table was used to synthesize included articles, after which studies were compared and categorized, and cross-cutting categories were identified. Results: After screening 4551 searched literature, 13 studies that utilized family-based interventions were included in the review. All interventions were face-to-face programs, and most interventions involved parents and youth as participants. Eco-developmental theory and active learning strategies were used by multiple interventions. Given immigrant families were target stakeholders, both deep structure and surface structure cultural adaptations were utilized. Interventions increased parents’ knowledge and skills regarding substance use prevention and delayed substance use initiation among youth. Conclusion: From the review, it was evident that parents are an essential element in any program aiming to prevent or reduce children’s substance use. Besides information about substance use prevention, the curriculum also involves parenting and communication skills for parents to understand the protective effects of family. Effective family-based interventions for immigrant youth require attention to parenting and immigration stress, while also considering cultural adaptation. Future directions and limitations are also discussed.
Metal-backed or all-poly tibial components: which are better for medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty? A propensity-score-matching retrospective study at the 5-year follow-up
Authors: Piovan Gianluca , De Berardinis Luca , Screpis Daniele , Senarighi Marco , Povegliano Lorenzo , Natali Simone , Gigante Antonio Pompilio , Zorzi Claudio 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
This retrospective medium-term follow-up study compares the outcomes of medial fixed-bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (mUKA) using a cemented metal-backed (MB) or an all-polyethylene (AP) tibial component.

Materials and methods
The database of our institution was mined for primary mUKA patients implanted with an MB or an AP tibial component (the MB-UKA and AP-UKA groups, respectively) from 2015 to 2018. We compared patient demographics, patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), and motion analysis data obtained with the Riablo™ system (CoRehab, Trento, Italy). We conducted propensity-score-matching (PSM) analysis (1:1) using multiple variables.

Results
PSM analysis yielded 77 pairs of MB-UKA and AP-UKA patients. At 5 years, the physical component summary (PCS) score was 52.4 ± 8.3 in MB-UKA and 48.2 ± 8.3 in AP-UKA patients (p < 0.001). The Forgotten Joint Score (FJS-12) was 82.9 ± 18.8 in MB-UKAs and 73.4 ± 22.5 in AP-UKAs (p = 0.015). Tibial pain was reported by 7.8% of the MB-UKA and 35.1% of the AP-UKA patients (p < 0.001). Static postural sway was, respectively, 3.9 ± 2.1 cm and 5.4 ± 2.3 (p = 0.0002), and gait symmetry was, respectively, 92.7% ± 3.7 cm and 90.4% ± 5.4 cm (p = 0.006). Patient satisfaction was 9.2 ± 0.8 in the MB-UKA and 8.3 ± 2.0 in the AP-UKA group (p < 0.003).

Conclusions
MB-UKA patients experienced significantly better 5-year static sway and gait symmetry outcomes than AP-UKA patients. Although the PROMs of the two groups overlapped, MB-UKA patients had a lower incidence of tibial pain, better FJS-12 and PCS scores, and were more satisfied.
Biotechnological metabolization system has the potential to improve the predictive ability of the fish embryo acute toxicity (FET) test with the zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Reichstein Inska S. , Becker Alischa H. , Johann Sarah , Braunbeck Thomas , Schiwy Sabrina , Hollert Henner , Schiwy Andreas 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
The fish embryo acute toxicity (FET) test with the zebrafish (Danio rerio) was developed to assess the acute fish toxicity of chemicals or environmental samples as a replacement for the Acute Fish Test (AFT) with juvenile fish. However, the FET is not yet established in the regulatory context. One reason is the (postulated) difference between the biotransformation capacities of embryos and juvenile fish.
The present study was designed to develop a procedure for external metabolization of test substances prior to testing in the FET. The workflow allows simultaneous exposure of the embryos to the maternal substances and their potential metabolites throughout the entire exposure period. After a 2 h incubation of the samples at 37 °C with non-toxic concentrations of a rat liver S9 homogenate or an animal-free (ewoS9R) metabolization system, freshly fertilized zebrafish embryos are added and incubated up to 120 h post-fertilization at 26 °C. Five biotransformable model substances (allyl alcohol, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), chlorpyrifos (CP), tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP) and bisphenol A (BPA)) were evaluated for embryotoxicity with and without external metabolization.

Results
Only for allyl alcohol, external metabolization with both rat S9 and ewoS9R resulted in significantly higher embryotoxicity than under non-premetabolized conditions and, thus, in a better correlation of FET and AFT data. For B[a]P, CP, TDCPP and BPA, there was no relevant difference between data derived from the FET (with and without pre-metabolization) and literature AFT data; even though the FET results with and without pre-metabolization differed significantly for BPA (with rat S9 and ewoS9R) and TDCPP (rat S9 only).

Conclusions
External pre-metabolization appears a promising add-on to the FET protocol to improve the correlation with AFT data of certain biotransformable substances and might help to strengthen the FET as an alternative to the AFT and finally to reduce or replace sentient animals used for acute fish toxicity data in the regulatory context.

Graphical Abstract