bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Exercise-Induced Laryngeal Obstruction in Adolescents: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Fujiki Robert Brinton , Johnson Rebecca , Fujiki Amanda Edith , Thibeault Susan L. 
Published: May 2024

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO) on adolescents.

Method:
Twenty patients (< 17 years) diagnosed with EILO participated in this study. Patients completed semistructured interviews examining their experience with the health care system, treatment, and the effects of EILO symptoms on quality of life. Interviews were analyzed using a combination of directed and conventional content analyses. Researchers identified seven overarching themes either prior to or during analysis, and 24 subthemes were inductively identified from patient interviews using open, axial, and selective coding.

Results:
On average, patients went 1.9 years between symptom onset and EILO diagnosis. Patients described symptom onset as frightening and confusing. Even after initially reporting symptoms to a medical provider, patients went an average of 10.5 months before diagnosis. Patients perceived that delays in diagnosis prevented efficient management and allowed symptoms to escalate. Patients reported that EILO detrimentally influenced athletic performance, forcing them to pace themselves or cease participation altogether. Social and academic effects of EILO included missed classes, difficulty in physical education courses, and resentment from teammates if athletic performance declined. Both athletes and nonathletes indicated that EILO elicited feelings of fear, frustration, dread, guilt, and embarrassment. Patients reported that therapy with a speech-language pathologist (SLP) effectively addressed symptoms; however, employing rescue breathing techniques was often more difficult than anticipated.

Conclusions:
Physical and emotional sequelae associated with EILO may have widespread influence on patient quality of life. Therapy with an SLP reportedly ameliorated EILO symptoms; however, patients indicated that delayed diagnosis allowed negative effects to intensify prior to treatment.
A Ku‐band wideband low‐profile patch antenna with slot‐loading and parasitic structures
Authors: Yu Sirui , Song Lingnan , Su Donglin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis letter introduces a novel bandwidth‐enhanced low‐profile (thin structure) patch antenna adopting double U‐slot loading and parasitic structures. The proposed antenna features single‐layer topology, thin structure of 0.027 , enhanced −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 12.5%, and unidirectional radiation pattern at Ku‐band. Performances of the proposed antenna are validated through full‐wave simulations and measurements. The proposed antenna element is further duplicated to form a patch antenna array, with the parasitic structures shared by adjacent elements. The proposed antenna demonstrates potential in applications demanding wideband, highly directional radiation, and thin structure for seamless integration.
Empowering lightweight video transformer via the kernel learning
Authors: Liu Xiaoxi , Liu Ju , Gu Lingchen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractVideo transformers achieve superior performance in video recognition. Despite the recent advances in video transformers, they still require substantial computation and memory resources. To cater for the computation efficiency, a kernel‐based video transformer is proposed, including: (1) a new formulation of the video transformer via the kernel learning is presented to better understand the individual components of it; (2) a lightweight Kernel‐based spatial–temporal multi‐head self‐attention block is explored to learn the compact joint spatial–temporal video feature; (3) an adaptive‐score position embedding method is conducted to promote the flexibility of video transformer. Experimental results on several action recognition datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Only pretrained on ImageNet‐1K, the method achieves the preferable balance between computation and accuracy, while requiring 7 fewer parameters and 13 fewer floating point operations than other comparable methods.
Rectification and converter control of the FPSLGs for energy storage applications
Authors: Ali Murad , Haitao Yu , Mobayen Saleh , Zhang Jiahui , Zhilenkov Anton , Din Zakiud 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article presents two power converters with controllers attached to the Free‐Piston Stirling Linear Generator (FPSLG) and energy storage system (ESS). The rectifier uses hysteresis‐SVPWM current regulation and CB‐SPWM, while the buck‐boost converter utilizes the dual‐loop PI control method. The storage battery receives energy from a linear‐generator with a rectifier and converter. The FPSE and linear motors in the FPSLG convert thermal to electrical energy. A two‐level electrical energy conversion technique using a three‐phase AC signal to DC and DC‐DC converter has been devised to reduce output electrical energy oscillation as well as stabilize the generating system's DC power. Initially, the FPSE's nonlinear model and the three‐phase permanent magnet linear‐motor's linear mathematical model were created and followed by the ESS and control mechanism simulation. The simulation shows that the ESS system and control approach can give stable power to the storage battery using linear‐generator power. The PR controller replaces the PI controller in the position loop to improve frequency and displacement tracing. The control system design was simulated in MATLAB and the topology's feasibility and correctness were confirmed. Comparative analysis shows that, rectifier uses the H‐SVPWM's unity power factor of AC and stability controllability of the DC‐side voltage is better than the CB‐SPWM approach.
Why English? Exploring Chinese early career returnee academics’ motivations for writing and publishing in English
Authors: Zhao Xiantong , Liu Xu , Yan Shan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTo improve their research performance in international league tables, many universities in non-English language dominant settings recruit academic returnees in the hope that they will increase the quantity and quality of articles published in English-medium internationally indexed journals. This study explores Chinese early career returnee academics’ motivations for writing and publishing in English. Utilising ecological systems theory, the findings show that the microsystem is reflected in the early career returnee academics’ interaction with collaborators, while national policies constitute the exosystem. The academic culture has a noteworthy impact at the macrosystem level. This study contributes to the understanding of early career returnee academics’ motivations to write and publish in English which will assist policymakers and university administrators to create a more beneficial environment to promote the accomplishments of academic returnees.
Social, economic, and demographic factors drive the emergence of Hinglish code-mixing on social media
Authors: Sengupta Ayan , Das Soham , Akhtar Md. Shad , Chakraborty Tanmoy 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe advent of globalization and adaptation to multiple cultures has emanated a fusion of Hindi and English, casually known as Hinglish. The phenomenon of mixing multiple languages (such as Hindi and English) within a single utterance is often called code-mixing. Lately, code-mixed Hinglish has emerged as a dominant conversational language for Hindi-speaking citizens both online (on social media platforms) and offline. Although previous studies investigated such linguistic traits of Hinglish over the past few years, some pertinent questions still need to be answered: How did Hinglish evolve? And, what are the factors behind the evolution of Hinglish? Does the fusion of English impact all Hindi words similarly? To this end, we explore the empirical and statistical shreds of evidence behind the rise of Hinglish on social media such as Twitter. We show that adopting Hinglish depends on several socio-economic and demographic factors. We further formulate dynamic models to explore the socio-economic factors driving the growth of Hinglish, derive the future growth of Hinglish in the upcoming years, and estimate the propensity of users to change their linguistic preferences. Our study highlights that the Hinglish population has evolved steadily between 2014 and 2022, with an annualized growth rate of 1.2%, and the usage of Hinglish on Twitter has increased annually by 2%. Further, we find that the impact of Hinglish evolution is not uniform across different word groups and affects the contextual meaning of different words differently. Although our findings are specific to the Indian Hinglish community, our study can be generalized to understand the evolution and dynamics of other code-mixed languages, such as Spanish-English or Chinese-English.
How does digital technology administrative penalty affect big data technology innovation: evidence from China
Authors: Chen Xiaohui , Lu Kongbiao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAdministrative regulation is an essential institutional arrangement for governing innovation in big data technology. Administrative penalties are one of its main methods. It is worth investigating whether administrative penalties can serve as an institutional safeguard to promote technological innovation. This study collects data on digital technology administrative penalty (DTAP) and big data technology innovation (BDTI) from 2008 to 2020 in 281 cities in China and empirically evaluates the impact and mechanism of DTAP on BDTI. The findings suggest that the normative impact of the DTAP system can foster a conducive business ecosystem for big data innovation. The incentive mechanism motivates firms to increase their long-term investment in technological innovation, while the deterrence mechanism ensures the existence of a regulated competitive market. These mechanisms play a crucial role in facilitating BDTI. Mechanism tests show that the DTAP has the potential to promote novel business models in the digital economy and accelerate progress in industrial digitalisation, which in turn promotes innovation in big data technologies. The impact of the DTAP on promoting BDTI is diverse, with a significantly greater impact in the first-tier cities. DTAP plays a more important role in fostering BDTI in places where the digital factor-driven industry is still in its early stages of development.
The role of leisure activities in enhancing well-being in Saudi’s retired community: a mixed methods study
Authors: Alanazi Homoud Mohammed Nawi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis mixed-methods study delves into the impact of leisure activities on the well-being of retirees in Saudi Arabia, focusing on health, emotional balance, social integration, and self-fulfillment. In the quantitative phase, 545 retirees were selected through a snowball sampling, providing a diverse sample of age, gender, socio-economic status, and educational background. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. The qualitative phase involved randomly selecting 23 participants from the initial cohort for semi-structured interviews, with the data subjected to thematic analysis for deeper insights. Findings revealed a moderate overall enhancement in well-being attributed to leisure activities, with health benefits being most significantly improved. Emotional and social well-being showed moderate enhancements, while self-fulfillment benefits were less pronounced. Demographic variations were evident, with gender, socio-economic status, and education level influencing the perceived benefits. Qualitatively, the importance of cultural alignment in leisure activities was highlighted, underscoring their role in social connectivity and personal development. The study underscores the need for culturally sensitive and accessible leisure programs tailored to the varied needs of the retired population in Saudi Arabia. It provides crucial insights for policymakers and community planners, emphasizing the importance of demographic considerations in leisure interventions to improve retirees’ quality of life. This research contributes significantly to understanding leisure’s role in enhancing post-retirement well-being, offering a comprehensive perspective for future leisure-related initiatives and policies.
Ion solvation free energy calculations based on first-principles molecular dynamics thermodynamic integration
Authors: Lin Chao , He Xiaojun , Xi Cong , Zhang Qianfan , Wang Lin-Wang 
Published: May 2024

Numerous electrochemistry reactions require the precise calculation of the ion solvation energy. Despite the significant progress in the first-principles calculations for crystals and defect formation energies for solids, the liquid system free energy calculations still face many challenges. Ion solvation free energies can be calculated via different semiempirical ways, e.g., using implicit solvent models or cluster of explicit molecule models; however, systematically improving these models is difficult due to their lack of a solid theoretical base. A theoretically sound approach for calculating the free energy is to use thermodynamic integration. Nevertheless, owing to the difficulties of self-consistent convergence in first-principles calculations for unphysical atomic configurations, the computational alchemy approach has not been widely used for first-principles calculations. This study proposes a general approach to use first-principles computational alchemy for calculating the ion solvation energy. This approach is also applicable for other small molecules. The calculated ion solvation free energies for Li+, Na+, K+, Be2+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ are close to the experimental results, and the standard deviation due to molecular dynamics fluctuations is within 0.06 eV.
Increasing terahertz spintronic emission with planar antennas
Authors: Pacé Matthias , Kovalenko Oleksandr , Solano José , Hehn Michel , Bailleul Matthieu , Vomir Mircea 
Published: May 2024

Spintronic THz emitters, consisting of Ta/Co/Pt trilayers patterned into lateral-sized rectangles in the 10 μm range, have been integrated in planar electromagnetic antennas of various types (dipole, bow-tie, and spiral). The antenna dimensions and shapes have been optimized with the help of electromagnetic simulations so as to maximize antenna efficiency in both narrow-band and broadband geometries at/around 1 THz. The THz emission has been studied using a pump–probe free space electro-optic sampling setup, both for single-emitter geometry and for arrays of emitters. The results show an increase in the detected THz signal for all antenna geometries, with enhancement ratios in the range of three to fifteen, depending on the antenna type and frequency range, together with changes in the emission bandwidth consistent with simulated characteristics.
Small multimodal thermometry with detonation-created multi-color centers in detonation nanodiamond
Authors: So Frederick T.-K. , Hariki Nene , Nemoto Masaya , Shames Alexander I. , Liu Ming , Tsurui Akihiko , Yoshikawa Taro , Makino Yuto , Ohori Masanao , Fujiwara Masanori , Herbschleb Ernst David , Morioka Naoya , Ohki Izuru , Shirakawa Masahiro , Igarashi Ryuji , Nishikawa Masahiro , Mizuochi Norikazu 
Published: May 2024

Detonation nanodiamond (DND) is the smallest class of diamond nanocrystal capable of hosting various color centers with a size akin to molecular pores. Their negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy center (NV−) is a versatile tool for sensing a wide range of physical and even chemical parameters at the nanoscale. The NV− is, therefore, attracting interest as the smallest quantum sensor in biological research. Nonetheless, recent NV− enhancement in DND has yet to yield sufficient fluorescence per particle, leading to efforts to incorporate other group-IV color centers into DND. An example is adding a silicon dopant to the explosive mixture to create negatively charged silicon-vacancy centers (SiV−). In this paper, we report on efficient observation (∼50% of randomly selected spots) of the characteristic optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) NV− signal in silicon-doped DND (Si-DND) subjected to boiling acid surface cleaning. The NV− concentration is estimated by continuous-wave electron spin resonance spectroscopy to be 0.35 ppm without the NV− enrichment process. A temperature sensitivity of 0.36K/Hz in an NV− ensemble inside an aggregate of Si-DND is achieved via the ODMR-based technique. Transmission electron microscopy survey reveals that the Si-DNDs core sizes are ∼11.2 nm, the smallest among the nanodiamond’s temperature sensitivity studies. Furthermore, temperature sensing using both SiV− (all-optical technique) and NV− (ODMR-based technique) in the same confocal volume is demonstrated, showing Si-DND’s multimodal temperature sensing capability. The results of the study thereby pave a path for multi-color and multimodal biosensors and for decoupling the detected electrical field and temperature effects on the NV− center.
Fast and flexible solid-state linear transformer driver for plasma discharge based on metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor
Authors: Xue Haorui , Yuan Qi , Ding Weidong , Meng Yang , Wan Zhenbo , Wang Yanan 
Published: May 2024

A pulsed power supply with a short rise time and high repetition frequency is favorable to driving diffusive plasma for strongly oxidizing radical (O3, OH) generation and increasing the system’s energy efficiency. In this paper, a 10-stage solid-state linear transformer driver (LTD) with a nanosecond rise time is developed to drive plasma for wastewater treatment. To decrease the rise time, a control system with low jitter is developed to improve the synchronization of pulses using an optocoupler isolation chip. A 10-stage LTD with a rise time of 6.2 ns is realized in the case that the rise time of the single-stage LTD is 5.4 ns. The results show that the LTD can generate pulses on a 300 Ω resistive load with a repetition frequency of 10 kHz, an amplitude of 8.80 kV, an overshoot less than 3.97%, and a reverse overshoot less than 4.82%. The rise time (6.2–33.0 ns), the pulse width (35.9–200.0 ns), and the fall time (10.5–27.6 ns) can be adjusted flexibly and independently by controlling the drive signals of metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors. The pulsed generator is utilized to drive plasma in the needle-water electrode system. The preliminary experimental results show that the plasma includes abundant oxygen atoms and hydroxyl radicals with high activity, and it is suitable for wastewater treatment.
Absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy of cold proflavine ions isolated in the gas phase
Authors: Lindkvist Thomas Toft , Kjær Christina , Langeland Jeppe , Vogt Emil , Kjaergaard Henrik G. , Nielsen Steen Brøndsted 
Published: May 2024

Proflavine, a fluorescent cationic dye with strong absorption in the visible, has been proposed as a potential contributor to diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs). To investigate this hypothesis, it is essential to examine the spectra of cold and isolated ions for comparison. Here, we report absorption spectra of proflavine ions, trapped in a liquid-nitrogen-cooled ion trap filled with helium-buffer gas, as well as fluorescence spectra to provide further information on the intrinsic photophysics. We find absorption- and fluorescence-band maxima at 434.2 ± 0.1 and 434.7 ± 0.3 nm, corresponding to a Stokes shift of maximum 48 cm−1, which indicates minor differences between ground-state and excited-state geometries. Based on time-dependent density functional theory, we assign the emitting state to S2 as its geometry closely resembles that of S0, whereas the S1 geometry differs from that of S0. As a result, simulated spectra involving S1 exhibit long Franck-Condon progressions, absent in the experimental spectra. The latter displays well-resolved vibrational features, assigned to transitions involving in-plane vibrational modes where the vibrational quantum number changes by one. Dominant transitions are associated with vibrations localized on the NH2 moieties. Experiments repeated at room temperature yield broader spectra with maxima at 435.5 ± 1 nm (absorption) and 438.0 ± 1 nm (fluorescence). We again conclude that prevalent fluorescence arises from S2, i.e., anti-Kasha behavior, in agreement with previous work. Excited-state lifetimes are 5 ± 1 ns, independent of temperature. Importantly, we exclude the possibility that a narrow DIB at 436.4 nm originates from cold proflavine cations as the band is redshifted compared to our absorption spectra.
Global higher regularity and decay estimates for positive solutions of fractional equations in
RN
*
Authors: Deng Yinbin , Yang Xian 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In the paper, we study the global higher regularity and decay estimates of the positive solutions for the following fractional equations

{

(
−
Δ
)

s

u
+
u
=

|

u

|

p
−
2

u

in

R

N

,

lim

|
x

|

→
∞

u

(
x
)

=
0
,

u
∈

H
s

(

R

N

)

,

(0.1)

where

s
∈
(
0
,
1
)

,

N
>
2
s

,

2
<
p
<

2
s
∗

:=

2
N

N
−
2
s

and

(
−
Δ

)
s

is the fractional Laplacian. Let Q be a positive solution of (0.1). We prove that

Q
∈

C

k
,
γ

(

R

N

)
∩

H
k

(

R

N

)

and obtain the decay estimates of D

k

Q as

|
x

|

→
∞

for all

k
∈

N

+

and

γ
∈
(
0
,
1
)

. The argument relies on the Bessel kernel, comparison principle, Fourier analysis and iteration methods.
The influence of electrode types to the visually induced gamma oscillations in mouse primary visual cortex
Authors: Deng Haoran , Cui Yan , Liu Haolun , Zhang Guizhi , Chai Xiaoqian , Yang Xiaotong , Gong Qiang , Yu Shuang , Guo Daqing , Xia Yang , Yao Dezhong , Chen Ke 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The local field potential (LFP) is an extracellular electrical signal associated with neural ensemble input and dendritic signaling. Previous studies have linked gamma band oscillations of the LFP in cortical circuits to sensory stimuli encoding, attention, memory, and perception. Inconsistent results regarding gamma tuning for visual features were reported, but it remains unclear whether these discrepancies are due to variations in electrode properties. Specifically, the surface area and impedance of the electrode are important characteristics in LFP recording. To comprehensively address these issues, we conducted an electrophysiological study in the V1 region of lightly anesthetized mice using two types of electrodes: one with higher impedance (1 MΩ) and a sharp tip (10 μm), while the other had lower impedance (100 KΩ) but a thicker tip (200 μm). Our findings demonstrate that gamma oscillations acquired by sharp-tip electrodes were significantly stronger than those obtained from thick-tip electrodes. Regarding size tuning, most gamma power exhibited surround suppression at larger gratings when recorded from sharp-tip electrodes. However, the majority showed enhanced gamma power at larger gratings when recorded from thick-tip electrodes. Therefore, our study suggests that microelectrode parameters play a significant role in accurately recording gamma oscillations and responsive tuning to sensory stimuli.
Foreign State Immunity Law of China: A Preliminary Appraisal
Authors: Shi Xinxiang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
With the adoption of the Foreign State Immunity Law in September 2023, China officially switches from absolute State immunity to restrictive State immunity. This paper analyses selected provisions of the new law which are likely to cause problems in practice. In addition, the paper also reflects upon the marginal position of Chinese courts in immunity cases in the past and the implication of the new law under the principle of “One Country, Two Systems”.