bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contribution to the creation and development of a new authorization concept based on a learning process
Authors: Cristea Ana Daniela , Prostean Octavian , Muschalik Thomas , Tirian Ovidiu 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe authorization is the complex process that guarantees the access to certain resources (physical or computer‐based information system). In this article, we present our contributions to the creation and development of a new authorization concept based on qualifications to grant access to physical resources. The qualifications will be obtained through a learning process, and the access control to resources will be realized based on the qualifications, according to the abilities of the entities that request access right. This concept can be implemented by using any programming language, pointing out, in the same time, the necessity of using an integration platform. In this respect, we will present the phases of developing this concept, from the moment it became necessary to its abstractive representation, by going through its natural phases: definition of the component elements and their relations, workflow, and management. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 22: 1–10, 2014
Where now for ‘child protection’ in Scotland?
Authors: Vincent Sharon , Daniel Brigid , Jackson Sharon 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn common with the rest of the UK, child care and protection practice in Scotland has undergone unprecedented change over the last ten years, including a wide‐ranging three‐year Child Protection Reform Programme. In 2006, The University of Dundee's Centre for Child Care and Protection and Barnardo's Scotland Research and Development team were commissioned by the then Scottish Executive to undertake a process review of the Child Protection Reform Programme (Daniel et al., 2007). Drawing on findings from the process review, this article considers the impact of the Child Protection Reform Programme. The process review concluded that, in the view of the respondents, the Child Protection Reform Programme made a substantive contribution towards the improvement and delivery of child protection services in Scotland, particularly in terms of raising awareness and increased multi‐agency working. It was beyond the scope of the review to measure outcomes for children as a result of the reforms. Since the completion of the Child Protection Reform Programme, national policy emphasis has broadened from ‘child protection’ towards integrated support for children under the Getting it Right for Every Child reforms of children's services. The paper concludes with a discussion around where ‘child protection’ now fits within this context of universal support for children and argues that there is a need to ensure that the valuable work which was done to improve child protection services in Scotland under the Child Protection Reform Programme is not lost. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhancement of Product Performance by Intensive Mixing
Authors: Habermann R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDie Endlichkeit von Rohstoffen wirft Fragen auf, wie diese effizient zu nutzen sind, ob nicht wirtschaftlich günstigere Alternativen verfügbar sind oder ob nicht Rohstoffinventionen die bessere Lösung darstellen. Ebenso sind auch die zur Rohstoffaufbereitung eingesetzten Grundoperationen der mechanischen Verfahrenstechnik hinsichtlich Ihrer Energieeffizienz zu prüfen. Diesen Fragen haben sich sowohl Betreiber als auch Hersteller verfahrenstechnischer Anlagen und Apparate zu stellen.
Cushing's syndrome and nocardiosis associated with a pulmonary carcinoid tumor: Report of a case and review of the literature
Authors: Sutton Brian J. , Parks Graham E. , Manavi Cyrus K. , Palavecino Elizabeth L. , Geisinger Kim R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractEctopic hormone production is an uncommon complication of neoplastic lung disease. Rarely, patients may present with signs and symptoms of systemic endocrine dysfunction related to a hormone‐secreting tumor. Bronchopulmonary carcinoids are the most common neoplasm implicated in ectopic ACTH‐dependent Cushing's syndrome. Persistent hypercortisolism, such as that which occurs in Cushing's syndrome, causes immunosuppression and makes patients vulnerable to opportunistic infections. We present a case of a 42‐year‐old woman diagnosed with ACTH‐dependent Cushing's syndrome which was originally thought to stem from a pituitary lesion as interpreted on magnetic resonance imaging. Her symptoms persisted after undergoing hypophysectomy, and further work‐up involving a fine needle aspiration of the left lung revealed an ACTH‐producing carcinoid tumor. Before treatment could be administered, the patient developed several new suspicious nodules in the left lung that were shown by fine needle aspiration to be infectious in nature. A Gram stain revealed numerous Gram positive branching organisms, and culture of the specimen grew Nocardia asteroides. Her pulmonary infection was treated with antibiotics and she underwent successful ablation of the carcinoid tumor. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thyroid hormone accelerates opsin expression during early photoreceptor differentiation and induces opsin switching in differentiated TRα‐expressing cones of the salmonid retina
Authors: Gan Kathlyn J. , Novales Flamarique Iñigo 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThyroid hormone and its receptors (TRs) regulate photoreceptor differentiation and visual pigment protein (opsin) expression in the retinas of several vertebrates, including rodents and fish. In some of these animals, opsin expression can arise through switches within differentiated cone photoreceptors. In salmonid fishes, single cones express ultraviolet (SWS1) opsin during embryonic development and switch to blue (SWS2) opsin as the fishes grow. It is unknown whether thyroid hormone regulates opsin expression during early cone differentiation and acts through TRs to induce opsin switches in differentiated cones of the salmonid retina. Using in situ hybridization, we characterized the spatiotemporal dynamics of opsin expression and switching in embryos treated with exogenous thyroid hormone or propylthiouracil (PTU), a pharmacological inhibitor of thyroid hormone synthesis. We combined immunohistochemistry with in situ hybridization to map TRα expression with respect to cones undergoing the opsin switch in older juvenile fish. Thyroid hormone accelerated opsin expression in differentiating cones and induced the opsin switch in differentiated single cones, whereas PTU repressed the opsin switch. TRα was not detected in differentiating photoreceptors as opsin expression initiated, but was later expressed in differentiated single cones before the onset of the opsin switch. TRα expression exhibited a dynamic dorsoventral distribution that paralleled the progression of the opsin switch. Together, our results show that thyroid hormone is required for opsin switching in the retina of salmonid fishes and suggest that TRα may be involved in regulating this phenomenon. Developmental Dynamics 239:2700–2713, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cooperation of nectin‐1 and nectin‐3 is required for normal ameloblast function and crown shape development in mouse teeth
Authors: Yoshida Toshiyuki , Miyoshi Jun , Takai Yoshimi , Thesleff Irma 
Published: September 2010

AbstractNectins are immunoglobulin‐like cell adhesion proteins and their interactions recruit various cell–cell junctions. Mutations in human NECTIN‐1 cause an ectodermal dysplasia syndrome, but Nectin‐1 null mice have only slight defects in teeth, suggesting compensation by other nectin(s). We observed overlapping expression of nectin‐3 with nectin‐1 and enamel abnormality in the nectin‐3 mutant. We, therefore, generated nectin‐1;nectin‐3 compound mutants. However, all teeth developed and no significant dental abnormalities were observed before birth. At postnatal day 10, the upper molars of compound mutants exhibited conical crown shape and retarded enamel maturation. Nectin‐1 was expressed in ameloblasts whereas nectin‐3 was expressed in neighboring stratum intermedium cells at this stage. The immunohistochemical localization and electron microscopical observations indicated that the desmosomal junctions between stratum intermedium and ameloblasts were significantly reduced. These results suggest that heterophilic interaction between nectin‐1 and nectin‐3 recruits desmosomal junctions, and that these are required for proper enamel formation. Developmental Dynamics 239:2558–2569, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Early asymmetries in maternal transcript distribution associated with a cortical microtubule network and a polar body in the beetle Tribolium castaneum
Authors: Peel Andrew D. , Averof Michalis 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe localization of maternal mRNAs during oogenesis plays a central role in axial specification in some insects. Here we describe a polar body–associated asymmetry in maternal transcript distribution in pre‐blastoderm eggs of the beetle Tribolium castaneum. Since the position of the polar body marks the future dorsal side of the embryo, we have investigated whether this asymmetry in mRNA distribution plays a role in dorsal‐ventral axis specification. Whilst our results suggest polar body–associated transcripts do not play a significant role in specifying the DV axis, at least during early embryogenesis, we do find that the polar body is closely associated with a cortical microtubule network (CMN), which may play a role in the localization of transcripts during oogenesis. Transcripts of the gene T.c.pangolin co‐localize with the CMN at the time of their anterior localization during oogenesis and their anterior localization is disrupted by the microtubule‐depolymerizing agent colcemid. Developmental Dynamics 239:2875–2887, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Imidazolium‐Oxazoline Salts in Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Allylic Substitution and Cross Metathesis of Formed Branched Isomers
Authors: Ammar Hamed Ben , Hassine Bechir Ben , Fischmeister Cédric , Dixneuf Pierre H. , Bruneau Christian 
Published: September 2010

AbstractImidazolium‐oxazoline chlorides have been prepared from chloroacetonitrile and used to generate bidentate mixed NHC‐oxazoline ligands for ruthenium‐catalyzed substitution of cinnamyl chloride by phenols. These ligands associated to [RuCp*(MeCN)3][PF6] promote allylic substitution reactions at room temperature with high regioselectivity in favour of the branched isomers giving terminal alkenes. These allylic ethers have been involved in further ruthenium‐catalyzed cross metathesis reactions with electron‐deficient olefins to give unsaturated esters and aldehydes.
A Novel Water‐Soluble Hexanuclear Bismuth Oxido Cluster – Synthesis, Structure and Complexation with Polyacrylate
Authors: Miersch Linda , Rüffer Tobias , Lang Heinrich , Schulze Steffen , Hietschold Michael , Zahn Dirk , Mehring Michael 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe reaction of [Bi6O4(OH)4](NO3)6·H2O with triflic acid gave colorless single crystals of [Bi6O4(OH)4(OTf)6(CH3CN)6]·2CH3CN (1) upon crystallization from acetonitrile/chloroform. Compound 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n. The novel hexanuclear bismuth oxido cluster is highly soluble in water and polar organic solvents. A transparent and water‐soluble hybrid material was obtained by reaction of [Bi6O4(OH)4(OTf)6(CH3CN)6]·2CH3CN (1) with polyacrylate in aqueous solution. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to study the complexation behavior of the [Bi6O4+x(OH)4–x](6–x)+ cation with polyacrylate in solution.
Antioxidant activity of extracts from six different Sudanese plant materials
Authors: Taha Eman , Mariod Abdalbasit , Abouelhawa Salah , El‐Geddawy Mohamed , Sorour Mohamed , Matthäus Bertrand 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMethanolic extracts obtained by manual solvent extraction (MSE) and accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) of different Sudanese plant materials (Sclerocarya birrea leaves, Salvadora persica bark and leaves, Combretum hartmannianum leaves, Guiera senegalensis leaves and roots) were investigated for their antioxidant activity. There was no significant difference between the two extraction methods (p < 0.01) regarding the total amount of phenolic compounds expressed as gallic acid equivalents (GAE) (52.6–166.7 mg GAE/g total extractable compounds for MSE and 53.1–169.3 mg GAE/g for ASE). In comparison to a control without extract, the extracts were remarkably effective in the β‐carotene bleaching method, whereas the effectiveness was half or less in comparison to Trolox as standard antioxidant. Also using the 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method antioxidant activity could be shown in comparison to a control, however, the extracts were less effective than Trolox. No significant difference was found between the two extraction methods. The increase of the peroxide value of sunflower oil during storage at 70°C was markedly lower after addition of the extracts in comparison to the control, but in the Rancimat test (120°C) the extracts showed only a small stabilization factor (F = 0.9–1.4) especially in comparison to Trolox (F = 5.8).
1,2‐Diastereoselective C–C Bond‐Forming Reactions for the Synthesis of Chiral β‐Branched α‐Amino Acids
Authors: Spangenberg Thomas , Schoenfelder Angèle , Breit Bernhard , Mann André 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSN2′ sequences have been employed for the synthesis of β‐branched α‐amino acids using 1,2‐diastereocontrol for forming C–C bonds. An oxazolidine fragment derived from Garner's aldehyde provides the handle for facial discrimination and acts as a masked amino acid functionality. This study encompasses directed and non‐directed allylic substitution reactions. The stereocontrol of the oxazolidine appendage during terminal olefin hydroformylation was also studied. Efforts to understand the diastereochemical outcome of the reactions as well as synthetic applications are disclosed.
High‐sensitivity detection of oxytetracycline using light scattering agglutination assay with aptasensor
Authors: Kim Keesung , Gu Man‐Bock , Kang Do‐Hyun , Park Jee‐Won , Song In‐Hong , Jung Ho‐Sup , Suh Kahp‐Yang 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe present an aptamer‐based biosensor (aptasensor) for rapid and high‐sensitive detection of oxytetracycline (OTC) antibiotic in PBS inside a Y‐channel PDMS microfluidic device. The detection was made by real‐time monitoring of the agglutination assay of ssDNA aptamer‐conjugated polystyrene latex microspheres with proximity optical fibers. The agglutination assay was performed with serially diluted OTC antibiotic solutions using highly carboxylated polystyrene particles of 920 nm diameter conjugated with OTC‐binding ssDNA aptamer. Proximity optical fibers were used to measure the increase in 45° forward light scattering of the aggregated particles by fixing them around the viewing cell of the device with stable angle and distance to the detector. The detection limit was around 100 ppb for the current aptasensor system with the detection time less than 3 min.
Capillary electrophoresis with immobilized quantum dot fluorescence detection for rapid determination of organophosphorus pesticides in vegetables
Authors: Chen Qidan , Fung Yingsing 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBased on the highly sensitive and selective fluorescence enhancement of water‐soluble CdTe/CdS core‐shell quantum dots (QD) by organophosphorus pesticides (OPs such as mevinphos, phosalone, methidathion and diazinon), a simple, rapid and selective method is developed using CE with QD/LIF detection (473 nm excitation/532 nm fluorescence) to determine OPs in vegetable samples. The method enables the use of a simple pretreatment procedure based only on solvent extraction and eliminates the use of a time‐consuming SPE step. A novel procedure is developed to immobilize QD onto the inside capillary surface via the formation of a silane coupling mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane network. Under optimized CE conditions, baseline separation for all four OPs was observed within 12 min. The CE‐QD/LIF method was shown to have a detection limit from 50 to 180 μg/kg, working ranges 0.1–30 mg/kg, recoveries 88.7–96.1% and repeatability (RSD, n=3) 0.36–0.75% for migration time and 2.9–5.7% for peak height. For tomato samples, the detection limits were more than ten times lower than maximum residue levels specified by the Codex Alimentarius Commission for all four OPs investigated. The method thus satisfies the need for a simple, quick and selective method to determine residual OPs in complex vegetable matrix as required by the increasingly strict regulations for health protection introduced in recent years.
The in vivo pig‐a gene mutation assay, a potential tool for regulatory safety assessment
Authors: Dobrovolsky Vasily N. , Miura Daishiro , Heflich Robert H. , Dertinger Stephen D. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe Pig‐a (phosphatidylinositol glycan, Class A) gene codes for a catalytic subunit of the N‐acetylglucosamine transferase complex involved in an early step of glycosylphosphatidyl inositol (GPI) cell surface anchor synthesis. Pig‐a is the only gene involved in GPI anchor synthesis that is on the X‐chromosome, and research into the origins of an acquired genetic disease involving GPI anchor deficiency (paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria) indicates that cells lacking GPI anchors, or GPI‐anchored cell surface proteins, almost always have mutations in the Pig‐a gene. These properties of the Pig‐a gene and the GPI anchor system have been exploited in a series of assays for measuring in vivo gene mutation in blood cells from humans, rats, mice, and monkeys. In rats, flow cytometric measurement of Pig‐a mutation in red blood cells requires microliter volumes of blood and data can be generated in hours. Spontaneous mutant frequencies are relatively low (<5 × 10−6) and rats treated with multiple doses of the potent mutagen, N‐ethyl‐N‐nitrosourea, display Pig‐a mutant frequencies that are close to the sum of the frequencies produced by the individual exposures. A general observation is that induced mutant frequencies are manifested earlier in reticulocytes (about 2 weeks after treatment) than in total red blood cells (about 2 months after exposure). Based on data from a limited number of test agents, the assay shows promise for regulatory applications, including integration of gene mutation measurement into repeat‐dose toxicology studies. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2010. Published 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An examination of the impact of the Maudsley Collaborative Care skills training workshops on patients with anorexia nervosa: A qualitative study
Authors: Goddard Elizabeth , Macdonald Pamela , Treasure Janet 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPurposeThe objective of this study was to examine the experience of adult inpatients with Anorexia Nervosa (AN) whose carers had taken part in the Collaborative Care skills training workshops. Workshops were offered to carers of someone with an eating disorder (ED) to address carer distress and proposed interpersonal maintaining factors.MethodSemi‐structured interviews were conducted probing the sufferer's perception of the workshops, their experience of their carers attending the workshops and any associated behaviour change.ResultsQualitative data were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Key findings suggest that patients hold positive attitudes towards involving carers in their care and that the skills training approach can have positive effects for AN adult inpatients. Positive effects are congruent with workshop aims supporting fidelity of the skills based training. Negative effects and ideas for improvements were examined.ConclusionInvolving carers in skills based Collaborative Care workshops based on an interpersonal maintenance model of EDs may be beneficial for adult inpatients with AN and future research is warranted to extend these findings. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Block removal and step backwearing as erosion processes on rock shore platforms: a preliminary case study of the chalk shore platforms of south‐east England
Authors: Dornbusch U. , Robinson D.A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractShore platforms frequently exhibit steps or risers facing seaward, landwards or obliquely across‐shore. A combination of soft copy photogrammetry, ortho‐rectification, geo referencing and field measurement of step height are linked in a GIS environment to measure step retreat on chalk shore platforms at sample sites in the south of England over two periods, 1973–2001, 2001–2007. The methods used allow for the identification, delineation and measurement of historic change at high spatial resolution. The results suggest that while erosion of chalk shore platforms by step backwearing is highly variable, it appears to be of similar magnitude to surface downwearing of the same platforms measured by micro‐erosion meters (MEMs) and laser scanning, in a range equivalent to 0·0006 – 0·0050 m y−1 of surface downwearing. This equates to annual chalk volume loss from the platforms, by the two erosion processes combined, of between 0·0012 m3 m−2 and 0·0100 m3 m−2. Results from the more recent years' data suggests that step retreat has variability in both space and time which does not relate solely to climatic variability. The results must be viewed with caution until much larger numbers of measurements have been made of both downwearing and step erosion at higher spatial and temporal resolution. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
3D comparison of low, intermediate, and advanced hippocampal atrophy in MCI
Authors: Apostolova Liana G. , Thompson Paul M. , Green Amity E. , Hwang Kristy S. , Zoumalan Charleen , Jack Clifford R. , Harvey Danielle J. , Petersen Ronald C. , Thal Leon J. , Aisen Paul S. , Toga Arthur W. , Cummings Jeffrey L. , DeCarli Charles S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe article to which this erratum refers was published in Hum Brain Mapp 2010, DOI: 10.1002/hbm.20905. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lateral entorhinal neurons are not spatially selective in cue‐rich environments
Authors: Yoganarasimha D. , Rao Geeta , Knierim James J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe hippocampus is a brain region that is critical for spatial learning, context‐dependent memory, and episodic memory. It receives major inputs from the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) and the lateral EC (LEC). MEC neurons show much greater spatial firing than LEC neurons in a recording chamber with a single, salient landmark. The MEC cells are thought to derive their spatial tuning through path integration, which permits spatially selective firing in such a cue‐deprived environment. In accordance with theories that postulate two spatial mapping systems that provide input to the hippocampus—an internal, path‐integration system and an external, landmark‐based system—it was possible that LEC neurons can also convey a spatial signal, but that the signal requires multiple landmarks to define locations, rather than movement integration. To test this hypothesis, neurons from the MEC and LEC were recorded as rats foraged for food in cue‐rich environments. In both environments, LEC neurons showed little spatial specificity, whereas many MEC neurons showed a robust spatial signal. These data strongly support the notion that the MEC and LEC convey fundamentally different types of information to the hippocampus, in terms of their spatial firing characteristics, under various environmental and behavioral conditions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.