bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trans‐Province Transfer of 10,373 Patients Injured in Wenchuan Earthquake
Authors: Chen Jin , Zhao Wanhua , Xian Ming , Lu Jun , Liang Zhi 
Published: November 2009

Abstract Objective A retrospective summary of the planning, organization, and implementation of the trans‐province transfer of patients injured in Wenchuan Earthquake with an emphasis on experiences that may be helpful in future emergency rescue and patient transfer. Methods We collected the daily reports of a patient transfer team attached to the Sichuan Rescue Headquarters from May 12 through May 31, 2008. Results Under the guidance of policy made by the coordinating group of the Ministry of Health, and with the close cooperation of the railway and airline departments the transferring group transferred 10,373 patients in the period studied. The transfers were from 11 disaster areas, including Chengdu, Mianyang, and Deyang, to 20 cities and provinces, including Chongqing, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang. There were no casualties during transfer, and thus the biggest peacetime government‐organized trans‐province patient‐transfer in China's history achieved success. Conclusion Trans‐province patient transfer is an effective measure to compensate for inadequate medical materials, relieve pressure on medical rescue, and guarantee quality of treatment. In the future, emergency plans for different types of disasters will be established, the information platform will be improved, and transfer procedures will be specified.
The Sourcil Sign: A Useful Finding on Plain X-ray?
Authors: Smith Chris , Dattani Rupen , Deans Victoria , Drew Steve 
Published: November 2009

Background The radiographic finding of the ‘sourcil sign’ from plain X-ray has previously been suggested to be an indicator of rotator cuff pathology. However, little evidence exists to support this hypothesis. We set out to clarify whether plain X-rays changes are a useful adjunct for the diagnosis of rotator cuff disease. Methods The radiographs of 175 patients presenting to an orthopaedic shoulder clinic with shoulder pain were evaluated for the presence of the ‘sourcil sign’ by a single observer, blinded to the patient's diagnosis. A second observer, blinded to the radiological findings, examined the patient's medical notes to determine the diagnosis. The patients were divided into age groups of each decade. Results Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were all poor for the radiological signs as predictors of rotator cuff pathology, regardless of age. The incidence of the sourcil sign did not correlate with impingement syndrome, rotator cuff tears or age. Conclusion The results obtained demonstrate that the sourcil does not aid the diagnosis when seen.
Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the child abuse potential inventory abuse scale
Authors: Kawamura Yoshiya , Takahashi Yukie , Akiyama Tsuyoshi , Sasaki Tsukasa , Kako Masako 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIntroduction: The present study examined the reliability, validity, and cutoff scores of the Japanese version of the Child Abuse Potential Inventory (CAPI) abuse scale, which screens for parents at risk of child abuse.Methods: Samples consisted of 1,809 parents, 109 students, and 33 child abusers in Japan. The CAPI was administered to all participants, and twice to the student sample at a 2‐week interval. Internal consistency was evaluated by Cronbach's α, and construct validity by principal factor analysis with the parent sample. Test‐retest reliability was assessed with Pearson's r with the student sample. With regard to predictive validity, the cutoff scores and classification rates were calculated through discriminant analysis between abusers and matched non‐abusers.Results: Internal consistency (Cronbach's α=0.88), test‐retest reliability (Pearson's r=0.93; two‐tailed P<0.001), and predictive validity (overall diagnostic power=90%) were all highly satisfactory. Regarding construct validity, the six‐factor structure of the original version was not replicated; only three factors were obtained. The discriminant analysis showed the basic cutoff score as 159. The conservative cutoff score for the upper 5% of the parent sample was 218.Discussion: The Japanese version of the CAPI abuse scale showed highly satisfactory internal consistency, test‐retest reliability, and predictive validity. The construct correspondence with the original version was more compromised. This version of the CAPI identified parents with scores of 159 or greater as being at risk of abusing a child.
Prevalence of depression and anxiety in hospitalized chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients and their quality of life: a pilot study
Authors: Chan Herng Nieng , Yap Hwa Ling , Kanagasuntheram Narendran , Chan Yiong Huak 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIntroduction: There is a high prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). It has been reported that if left untreated, the psychiatric comobidities can lead to poorer quality of life. The present study was initiated to investigate the prevalence of major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder in hospitalized COPD patients and their quality of life.Methods: The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) of the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME‐MD) was administered to screen an opportunistic sample of COPD patients admitted to a general hospital for the abovementioned psychiatric disorders. The Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) 36‐Item Short Form Health Survey (SF‐36) was utilized to assess quality of life.Results: Fifty‐one patients were analyzed. The prevalence of major depressive disorder in this sample on screening was 7.8% (95% CI 2.2–18.9) and that of anxiety disorders (generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder) was 5.9% (95% CI 1.2–16.2). The quality of life of COPD patients with psychiatric comorbidities in the present study was severely impaired in seven of the eight domains measured by the SF‐36.Discussion: Despite the small sample size of COPD patients, the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities was not insignificant. The present study showed that the quality of life of hospitalized COPD patients with psychiatric illnesses was significantly lowered. Treatment of COPD should include addressing psychosocial issues.
Prevalence ofStaphylococcus aureusand Methicillin‐ResistantStaphylococcus aureusCarriage in Three Populations
Authors: Kottler S. , Middleton J.R. , Perry J. , Weese J.S. , Cohn L.A. 
Published: November 2009

Background:A higher prevalence of methicillin‐resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) colonization is reported in healthcare workers compared with nonhealthcare workers.Hypothesis:The prevalence of MRSA colonization differed in people and pets in households with healthcare workers as compared with households without healthcare workers.Subjects:A person and 1 dog or cat from 586 households defined as either a nonhealthcare (n = 213), veterinary healthcare (n = 211), or human healthcare (n = 162) worker household.Methods:Prospective cross‐sectional study. Samples from humans and pets were cultured in vitro.Staphylococcus aureuswas identified as methicillin sensitive (MSSA) or MRSA withmecA polymerase chain reaction. Pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis andspa‐typing were used to characterize relatedness ofS. aureusand MRSA and assign USA types.Results:The prevalence of MSSA and MRSA in humans was 21.5% (126/586) and 5.63% (33/586), respectively, and 7.85% (46/586) and 3.41% (20/586), respectively, in pets. There were no differences in prevalences of either MSSA or MRSA between household types. The proportion of MRSA among allS. aureusisolates in humans and pets was 20.8% (33/159) and 30.3% (20/66), respectively. In <1.0% (4/586) of households, the same strain of MRSA was found in both a person and a pet.Conclusions and Clinical Importance:There were no differences in the prevalences of MSSA or MRSA between healthcare worker and nonhealthcare worker households. Pets and people colonized withS. aureuswere as likely to be colonized with MRSA. Colonization of a person and their pet with the same strain of MRSA was rare.
Evaluation of a Novel Real‐Time Continuous Glucose‐Monitoring System for Use in Cats
Authors: Moretti S. , Tschuor F. , Osto M. , Franchini M. , Wichert B. , Ackermann M. , Lutz T.A. , Reusch C.E. , Zini E. 
Published: November 2009

Background: The Guardian REAL‐Time is a continuous glucose‐monitoring system (CGMS) recently developed to provide instantaneous interstitial glucose concentrations; the system does not require a monitor being fixed to the animal.Hypothesis: The CGMS provides accurate and reproducible real‐time readings of glucose concentration in cats.Animals: Thirty‐two diabetic cats, 2 cats with suspected insulinoma, and 5 healthy cats.Methods: Prospective, observational study. CGMS accuracy was compared with a reference glucose meter at normal, high, and low blood glucose concentrations using error grid analysis. Reading variability of 2 simultaneously used CGMS was determined in diabetic cats by calculating correlation and percentage of concordance of paired data at different glycemic ranges. The time interval between increasing glycemia and a rise in interstitial fluid glucose measured by the CGMS was assessed in healthy cats receiving glucose IV; the time point of maximal increase in interstitial glucose concentrations was calculated.Results: The CGMS was 100, 96.1, and 91.0% accurate at normal, high, and low blood glucose concentrations. Measurements deviated from reference by −12.7 ± 70.5 mg/dL at normal, −12.1 ± 141.5 mg/dL at high, and −1.9 ± 40.9 mg/dL at low glucose concentrations. Overall, paired CGMS readings correlated significantly (r= 0.95, P < .0001) and concordance was 95.7%. The median delay after IV administration of glucose to an increase in interstitial glucose was 11.4 minutes (range: 8.8–19.7 minutes).Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Although some readings substantially deviated from reference values, the CGMS yields reproducible results, is clinically accurate in cats with hyperglycemia and euglycemia, and is slightly less accurate if blood glucose concentrations are low. Rapidly increasing interstitial glucose after a glycemic rise suggests that the CGMS is suitable for real‐time measurement under clinical conditions.
Comparison of Histopathologic Findings in Biopsies from the Duodenum and Ileum of Dogs with Enteropathy
Authors: Casamian‐Sorrosal D. , Willard M.D. , Murray J.K. , Hall E.J. , Taylor S.S. , Day M.J. 
Published: November 2009

Background: In the investigations of dogs with chronic small intestinal diarrhea collection of ileal biopsies lengthens procedural time and has been of uncertain value.Objectives: To evaluate whether there was agreement between histologic changes present in samples of duodenal and ileal mucosa, and hence to provide initial information in the process of determining whether collection of ileal biopsies is clinically justified.Animals: 40 dogs with chronic small and large intestinal diarrhea from which endoscopic (in 30 cases) or surgical (in 10 cases) duodenal and ileal biopsies had been collected.Methods: Samples were reviewed concurrently by two observers (MJD and MDW) using the scoring system developed by the World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA) Gastrointestinal Standardization Group. Comparisons were made by kappa analysis.Results: Microscopic pathology was observed in 30 cases. Only eight out of this 30 (27%) had the same histopathologic diagnosis in both the duodenum and the ileum. This dropped to 3 out of 30 (10%) if different disease severity was also considered as disagreement. Microscopic pathology would have been found in 60% and 80% of the 30 cases, if only duodenal or ileal biopsies respectively, had been available.Conclusions and clinical importance: There was poor agreement between histopathological findings from duodenal versus ileal biopsies with abnormalities sometimes being more readily detected in the ileum. Routine collection of ileal plus duodenal samples appears warranted when concurrent small and large intestinal diarrhea is present.
Clinical Features and Outcome ofHeterobilharzia americanaInfection in Dogs
Authors: Fabrick C. , Bugbee A. , Fosgate G. 
Published: November 2009

Background:Heterobilharzia americana(HA), the causative agent of canine schistosomiasis, is a flatworm with a freshwater snail as an intermediate host. Only case reports or small case series evaluating naturally infected dogs have been published.Objective:Describe clinical signs in dogs naturally infected with HA.Animals:Twenty‐two dogs naturally infected with HA from 1985 to 2009.Methods:Retrospective study. All medical records were searched for HA and schistosomiasis. Only dogs with a diagnosis based on identification of ova on histopathology or fecal saline sedimentation were included.Results:The median age was 3.1 years (1–12). The median duration of clinical signs before diagnosis was 0.63 months (0.03–12). The most common clinical signs were lethargy (91%), weight loss (77%), hyporexia (68%), vomiting (59%), and diarrhea (55%). Eleven of the 22 dogs were hypercalcemic. Hypercalcemia did not resolve without definitive treatment with praziquantel. HA infection was an incidental diagnosis in 7/22 dogs. Diagnosis was obtained via necropsy (4), histopathology (9), and fecal examination (9). Definitive treatment included praziquantel and fenbendazole. Eighteen dogs were diagnosed antemortem and 17 were treated. Twelve dogs were alive for 6 months to 3 years after diagnosis.Conclusions and Clinical Importance:HA infection occurs in younger, larger breed, indoor dogs. Hypercalcemia does not resolve without praziquantel treatment. Prognosis is good and neither hypercalcemic‐induced renal failure nor ascites appears to worsen prognosis. Dogs in affected areas or that have traveled to affected areas that present for weight loss, gastrointestinal or liver disease, and hypercalcemia, should be tested.
Serum Cardiac Troponin I Concentration in Dogs with Precapillary and Postcapillary Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Guglielmini C. , Civitella C. , Diana A. , Di Tommaso M. , Cipone M. , Luciani A. 
Published: November 2009

Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a disease condition leading to right‐sided cardiac hypertrophy and, eventually, right‐sided heart failure. Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is a circulating biomarker of cardiac damage.Hypothesis: Myocardial damage can occur in dogs with precapillary and postcapillary PH.Animals: One hundred and thirty‐three dogs were examined: 26 healthy controls, 42 dogs with mitral valve disease (MVD) without PH, 48 dogs with pulmonary hypertension associated with mitral valve disease (PH‐MVD), and 17 dogs with precapillary PH.Methods: Prospective, observational study. Serum cTnI concentration was measured with a commercially available immunoassay and results were compared between groups.Results: Median cTnI was 0.10 ng/mL (range 0.10–0.17 ng/mL) in healthy dogs. Compared with the healthy population, median serum cTnI concentration was increased in dogs with precapillary PH (0.25 ng/mL; range 0.10–1.9 ng/mL; P < .001) and in dogs with PH‐MVD (0.21 ng/mL; range 0.10–2.10 ng/mL; P < .001). Median serum cTnI concentration of dogs with MVD (0.12 ng/mL; range 0.10–1.00 ng/mL) was not significantly different compared with control group and dogs with PH‐MVD. In dogs with MVD and PH‐MVD, only the subgroup with decompensated PH‐MVD had significantly higher cTnI concentration compared with dogs with compensated MVD and PH‐MVD. Serum cTnI concentration showed significant modest positive correlations with the calculated pulmonary artery systolic pressure in dogs with PH and some echocardiographic indices in dogs with MVD and PH‐MVD.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Serum cTnI is high in dogs with either precapillary and postcapillary PH. Myocardial damage in dogs with postcapillary PH is likely the consequence of increased severity of MVD.
Von Willebrand Factor Antigen Concentration in Dogs with Sepsis
Authors: Rogers C.L. , Rozanski E.A. 
Published: November 2009

Background: Von Willebrand factor (vWF) antigen concentration, a marker of endothelial activation, is increased in human patients with multiorgan failure, sepsis, or both, and is an independent predictor of survival.Hypothesis/Objectives: vWF antigen concentrations are significantly higher in dogs with sepsis.Animals: Fourteen dogs hospitalized with sepsis. Sepsis was defined as microbiologic or cytologic evidence of infection combined with systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Control dogs were healthy dogs, without evidence of disease.Methods: Prospective, observational study. Dogs admitted to the intensive care unit with a diagnosis of sepsis were considered eligible for enrollment into the study. Exclusion criteria included a previous diagnosis of von Willebrand disease or a recent history of a plasma transfusion. Citrated plasma samples were collected for analysis of vWF antigen by ELISA. All samples were drawn from dogs during hospitalization. Data between populations were analyzed using nonparametric statistical analysis with a P value < .05 considered significant.Results: Twenty‐five dogs were enrolled; 14 dogs with sepsis and 11 control dogs. The median vWF antigen concentration in dogs with sepsis was 156% (range, 117–200%), which was significantly higher than healthy dogs (105%; range, 44–155%, P < .005). There was no difference between survivors and nonsurvivors with a median vWF antigen concentration of 144% (range, 136–201%) in survivors (n = 7) and 159% (range, 122–174%) in nonsurvivors (n = 7) (P= .5).Conclusions and Clinical Importance: vWF is increased in dogs with sepsis, possibly reflecting endothelial activation. Further exploration of endothelial function is warranted in critically ill dogs.
Babesiosis Caused by a Large Babesia Species in 7 Immunocompromised Dogs
Authors: Sikorski L.E. , Birkenheuer A.J. , Holowaychuk M.K. , McCleary‐Wheeler A.L. , Davis J.M. , Littman M.P. 
Published: November 2009

Background: A large unnamed Babesia species was detected in a dog with lymphoma. It was unknown if this was an underrecognized pathogen.Objective: Report the historical and clinicopathologic findings in 7 dogs with babesiosis caused by a large unnamed Babesia species characterize the 18S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) genes.Animals: Seven immunocompromised dogs from which the Babesia was isolated.Methods: Retrospective case review. Cases were identified by a diagnostic laboratory, the attending clinicians were contacted and the medical records were reviewed. The Babesia sp. 18S rRNA genes were amplified and sequenced.Results: Six of 7 dogs had been splenectomized; the remaining dog was receiving oncolytic drugs. Lethargy, anorexia, fever, and pigmenturia were reported in 6/7, 6/7, 4/7, and 3/7 dogs. Laboratory findings included mild anemia (7/7) and severe thrombocytopenia (6/7). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays used to detect Babesia sensu stricto species were all positive, but specific PCR assays for Babesia canis and Babesia gibsoni were negative in all dogs. The 18S rRNA gene sequences were determined to be identical to a large unnamed Babesia sp. previously isolated. Cross‐reactive antibodies against other Babesia spp. were not always detectable. Five dogs were treated with imidocarb dipropionate and 1 dog with atovaquone/azithromycin; some favorable responses were noted. The remaining dog was untreated and remained a clinically stable carrier.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Dogs with pigmenturia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia should be tested for Babesia sp. by PCR. Serology is not sufficient for diagnosis of this Babesia sp. Asplenia, chemotherapy, or both might represent risk factors for persistent infection, illness, or both.
ABC Transporters in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
and Their Interactors: New Technology Advances the Biology of the ABCC (MRP) Subfamily
Authors: Paumi Christian M. , Chuk Matthew , Snider Jamie , Stagljar Igor , Michaelis Susan 
Published: November 2009

SUMMARY

Members of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily exist in bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals and play key roles in the efflux of xenobiotic compounds, physiological substrates, and toxic intracellular metabolites. Based on sequence relatedness, mammalian ABC proteins have been divided into seven subfamilies, ABC subfamily A (ABCA) to ABCG. This review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of ABC transporters in the model organism
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
. We propose a revised unified nomenclature for the six yeast ABC subfamilies to reflect the current mammalian designations ABCA to ABCG. In addition, we specifically review the well-studied yeast ABCC subfamily (formerly designated the MRP/CFTR subfamily), which includes six members (Ycf1p, Bpt1p, Ybt1p/Bat1p, Nft1p, Vmr1p, and Yor1p). We focus on Ycf1p, the best-characterized yeast ABCC transporter. Ycf1p is located in the vacuolar membrane in yeast and functions in a manner analogous to that of the human multidrug resistance-related protein (MRP1, also called ABCC1), mediating the transport of glutathione-conjugated toxic compounds. We review what is known about Ycf1p substrates, trafficking, processing, posttranslational modifications, regulation, and interactors. Finally, we discuss a powerful new yeast two-hybrid technology called integrated membrane yeast two-hybrid (iMYTH) technology, which was designed to identify interactors of membrane proteins. iMYTH technology has successfully identified novel interactors of Ycf1p and promises to be an invaluable tool in future efforts to comprehensively define the yeast ABC interactome.
Cohesion Group Approach for Evolutionary Analysis of Aspartokinase, an Enzyme That Feeds a Branched Network of Many Biochemical Pathways
Authors: Lo Chien-Chi , Bonner Carol A. , Xie Gary , D'Souza Mark , Jensen Roy A. 
Published: November 2009

SUMMARY

Aspartokinase (Ask) exists within a variable network that supports the synthesis of 9 amino acids and a number of other important metabolites. Lysine, isoleucine, aromatic amino acids, and dipicolinate may arise from the ASK network or from alternative pathways. Ask proteins were subjected to cohesion group analysis, a methodology that sorts a given protein assemblage into groups in which evolutionary continuity is assured. Two subhomology divisions, ASK
α
and ASK
β
, have been recognized. The ASK
α
subhomology division is the most ancient, being widely distributed throughout the
Archaea
and
Eukarya
and in some
Bacteria
. Within an indel region of about 75 amino acids near the N terminus, ASK
β
sequences differ from ASK
α
sequences by the possession of a proposed ancient deletion. ASK
β
sequences are present in most
Bacteria
and usually exhibit an in-frame internal translational start site that can generate a small Ask subunit that is identical to the C-terminal portion of the larger subunit of a heterodimeric unit. Particularly novel are
ask
genes embedded in gene contexts that imply specialization for ectoine (osmotic agent) or aromatic amino acids. The cohesion group approach is well suited for the easy recognition of relatively recent lateral gene transfer (LGT) events, and many examples of these are described. Given the current density of genome representation for
Proteobacteria
, it is possible to reconstruct more ancient landmark LGT events. Thus, a plausible scenario in which the three well-studied and iconic Ask homologs of
Escherichia coli
are not within the vertical genealogy of
Gammaproteobacteria
, but rather originated via LGT from a
Bacteroidetes
donor, is supported.