bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonic‐assisted derivatization of estrogenic compounds in a cup horn booster and determination by GC‐MS
Authors: Vallejo Asier , Usobiaga Aresatz , Martinez‐Arkarazo Irantzu , Prieto Ailette , Etxebarria Nestor , Zuloaga Olatz , Fernández Luis A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCup horn boosters are miniaturized ultrasound baths that maximize efficiency and precision. The optimization of an ultrasonic‐assisted derivatization step by means of a cup horn booster and the determination of estrone, 17β‐estradiol, estriol, 17α‐ethynyl estradiol and mestranol was developed by GC‐MS. Different derivatization reagents and solvents were studied for maximizing the di‐derivatization of 17α‐ethynyl estradiol under ultrasound energy. Only N,O‐bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide with 1% of trimethylchlorosilane in pyridine gave satisfactory results and this mixture was further used in the optimization of the ultrasound assisted derivatization. The experiment designs included sonication time (1–10 min), sonication power (20–80%), sonication cycles (1–9), derivatization reagent volume (25–125 μL) and solvent volume (25–125 μL). Once the optimum conditions were fixed, the effect of organic matter and the frequency of the water bath change were studied. Finally, the validation of the analytical method was carried out using spiked natural and synthetic waters. Recoveries (natural (138–70%) and synthetic (112–89%)), the LODs (0.35–1.66 ng/L), and LOQs (1.16–5.52 ng/L) and the precision (0.2–5.3%) of the method were studied. This is the first work in the literature where a cup horn booster is used with the aim of minimizing derivatization time during the determination of estrogenic compounds.
Insular thyroid carcinoma in a patient with Cowden syndrome
Authors: Diggelmann Henry R. , Van Daele Douglas J. , O'Dorisio Thomas M. , Hoffman Henry T. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCowden syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by benign and malignant hamartomatous lesions that can develop from all three germ cell derivatives. This disorder predisposes patients to develop malignant tumors of the breast, endometrium, and thyroid. We present a patient with clinically relevant manifestations of Cowden syndrome, with genetic verification, impacting by way of airway compromise due to hamartomas, urinary tract abnormalities, and insular thyroid cancer. This case illustrates the value of recognizing Cowden syndrome at an earlier stage when the patient could have received appropriate management to decrease the morbidity of untreated hamartomatous growths, and an elective thyroidectomy would have been a viable option to manage his malignancy. Through this case report, we provide further insight into management of this disorder. Laryngoscope, 2010
Involvement of ERK, Akt and JNK signalling in H2O2‐induced cell injury and protection by hydroxytyrosol and its metabolite homovanillic alcohol
Authors: Incani Alessandra , Deiana Monica , Corona Giulia , Vafeiadou Katerina , Vauzour David , Dessì M. Assunta , Spencer Jeremy P. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe olive oil polyphenol, hydroxytyrosol (HT), is believed to be capable of exerting protection against oxidative kidney injury. In this study we have investigated the ability of HT and its O‐methylated metabolite, homovanillic alcohol (HVA) to protect renal cells against oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide. We show that both compounds were capable of inhibiting hydrogen peroxide‐induced kidney cell injury via an ability to interact with both MAP kinase and PI3 kinase signalling pathways, albeit at different concentrations. HT strongly inhibited death and prevented peroxide‐induced increases in ERK1/2 and JNK1/2/3 phosphorylation at 0.3 μM, whilst HVA was effective at 10 μM. At similar concentrations, both compounds also prevented peroxide‐induced reductions in Akt phosphorylation. We suggest that one potential protective effect exerted by olive oil polyphenols against oxidative kidney cell injury may be attributed to the interactions of HT and HVA with these important intracellular signalling pathways.
The structure of common mental disorders: A replication study in a community sample of adolescents and young adults
Authors: Beesdo‐baum Katja , Höfler Michael , Gloster Andrew T. , Klotsche Jens , Lieb Roselind , Beauducel André , Bühner Markus , Kessler Ronald C. , Wittchen Hans‐ulrich 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPrevious research suggests that patterns of comorbidity of common mental disorders among adults are best reflected by a hierarchical three‐factor structure with two correlated factors (‘anxious‐misery’ and ‘fear’) summarized in a second‐order ‘internalizing’ factor and one ‘externalizing’ factor. This three‐factor structure has not been examined yet in a sample of adolescents and young adults.A representative sample of 3021 adolescents and young adults (baseline age 14–24) were prospectively followed over 10 years. Mental disorders were assessed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM‐IV) by using the standardized Munich Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Ten mental disorders (major depressive episode, dysthymia, generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia, specific phobia, agoraphobia, panic disorder, alcohol dependence, drug dependence, antisocial personality) were fitted to a series of Confirmatory Factor Analysis models using: (1) 12‐month data, and (2) lifetime data from a person‐year data set.The three‐factor model showed good fit to the observed data in our sample both when 12‐month diagnoses and lifetime‐to‐date diagnoses from a person‐year data file were used; yet the higher‐order ‘internalizing’ factor summarizing ‘anxious misery’ and ‘fear’ had to be omitted.The three‐factor model could be replicated in a sample of adolescents and young adults with the exception that the second‐order ‘internalizing’ factor was not consistent with the data. Further research is necessary to provide more complete insight into the structure of mental disorders by examining the stability of the structure of mental disorders in different developmental stages (ages) and by using a more extensive set of mental disorders. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NMR parameters of two tricyclododecadienes—strained hydrocarbons with close distance between perpendicularly or parallelly arranged double bonds
Authors: Dodziuk Helena , Ostrowski Maciej , Marchwiany Maciej E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractQuantum chemical calculations of the hypothetical tricyclo[5.5.0.04, 10]dodeca‐1(7),4(10)‐diene with a perpendicular arrangement of double bonds and of the known tricyclo[4.2.2.22, 5]dodeca‐1,5‐diene isomer with the parallel arrangement yield, in agreement with expectations, greater stability of the latter molecule. They reproduce the available experimental results for chemical shifts and coupling constants for the latter molecule. Large calculated values of σCsp2 and those of 1JCC for both dienes are not due to nonplanar distortions on the double bonds but due to the close distances between them. The calculated NMR parameters of the hypothetical diene could be useful for its future identification as the calculated values of the parameters for 1 are larger than those for 2. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
13C‐NMR detection of STD spectra
Authors: Räuber Christoph , Berger Stefan 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWe have investigated the use of 13C for the detection of saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR spectra. By detecting the STD spectrum in the 13C channel it is possible to eliminate the residual water signal in the STD‐NMR spectrum. We have employed an INEPT transfer in order to shift the magnetization from the proton channel to 13C. As a sample system to check our method we have used human serum albumin and phenylalanine. We have shown that such a transfer can be accomplished and gives reasonable signal intensities. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular cloning and characterization of the germ cell‐related nuclear orphan receptor in chickens
Authors: Lee Sang In , Kim Jin Kyoo , Park Hyun Jeong , Jang Hyun Jun , Lee Hyung Chul , Min Taesun , Song Gwonhwa , Han Jae Yong 
Published: December 2009

AbstractNuclear receptor subfamily 6, group A, member 1 (NR6A1), also known as germ cell nuclear factor/retinoid receptor‐related testis‐associated receptor and neuronal cell nuclear factor, is a member of the nuclear orphan receptor superfamily. NR6A1 has been cloned in various species including humans and mice, but it has been scarcely investigated in avian species. In the present study, we cloned the chicken NR6A1 (cNR6A1) from a testis cDNA library. The cloned cNR6A1 sequence was mapped to chromosome 17 and contained an open reading frame of 1.4 kb encoding 445 amino acids. Multiple alignment analysis of the cNR6A1 protein‐coding sequence with NR6A1s from humans, mice, boars, rats, zebrafish, and Xenopus showed high degrees of homology, 89%, 90%, 89%, 88%, 83%, and 87%, respectively. Using RNA interference, changes in the expression of pluripotency‐, germ cell‐, and differentiation‐related key genes by silencing of cNR6A1 were validated in chicken blastoderm‐derived embryonic stem cells. Among those genes, the relative expression levels of POU5F1, CRIPTO, DAZL, DDX4, BMP15, GSC, and SOX7 changed significantly compared to the control group. We also confirmed that the activity of alkaline phosphatase, known as a pluripotency marker, was maintained by cNR6A1 gene silencing in chicken blastodermal cells. Collectively, our data suggest that cNR6A1 may play an important role during chicken embryonic development and differentiation. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 77: 273–284, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
4D phase contrast MRI at 3 T: Effect of standard and blood‐pool contrast agents on SNR, PC‐MRA, and blood flow visualization
Authors: Bock Jelena , Frydrychowicz Alex , Stalder Aurélien F. , Bley Thorsten A. , Burkhardt Hans , Hennig Jürgen , Markl Michael 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTime‐resolved phase contrast (PC) MRI with velocity encoding in three directions (flow‐sensitive four‐dimensional MRI) can be employed to assess three‐dimensional blood flow in the entire aortic lumen within a single measurement. These data can be used not only for the visualization of blood flow but also to derive additional information on vascular geometry with three‐dimensional PC MR angiography (MRA). As PC‐MRA is sensitive to available signal‐to‐noise ratio, standard and novel blood pool contrast agents may help to enhance PC‐MRA image quality. In a group of 30 healthy volunteers, the influence of different contrast agents on vascular signal‐to‐noise ratio, PC‐MRA quality, and subsequent three‐dimensional stream‐line visualization in the thoracic aorta was determined. Flow‐sensitive four‐dimensional MRI data acquired with contrast agent provided significantly improved signal‐to‐noise ratio in magnitude data and noise reduction in velocity data compared to measurements without contrast media. The agreement of three‐dimensional PC‐MRA with reference standard contrast‐enhanced MRA was good for both contrast agents, with improved PC‐MRA performance for blood pool contrast agent, particularly for the smaller supra‐aortic branches. For three‐dimensional flow visualization, a trend toward improved results for the data with contrast agent was observed. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Changes in afferent activity after spinal cord injury
Authors: de Groat William C. , Yoshimura Naoki 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAimsTo summarize the changes that occur in the properties of bladder afferent neurons following spinal cord injury.MethodsLiterature review of anatomical, immunohistochemical, and pharmacologic studies of normal and dysfunctional bladder afferent pathways.ResultsStudies in animals indicate that the micturition reflex is mediated by a spinobulbospinal pathway passing through coordination centers (periaqueductal gray and pontine micturition center) located in the rostral brain stem. This reflex pathway, which is activated by small myelinated (Aδ) bladder afferent nerves, is in turn modulated by higher centers in the cerebral cortex involved in the voluntary control of micturition. Spinal cord injury at cervical or thoracic levels disrupts voluntary voiding, as well as the normal reflex pathways that coordinate bladder and sphincter function. Following spinal cord injury, the bladder is initially areflexic but then becomes hyperreflexic due to the emergence of a spinal micturition reflex pathway. The recovery of bladder function after spinal cord injury is dependent in part on the plasticity of bladder afferent pathways and the unmasking of reflexes triggered by unmyelinated, capsaicin‐sensitive, C‐fiber bladder afferent neurons. Plasticity is associated with morphologic, chemical, and electrical changes in bladder afferent neurons and appears to be mediated in part by neurotrophic factors released in the spinal cord and the peripheral target organs.ConclusionsSpinal cord injury at sites remote from the lumbosacral spinal cord can indirectly influence properties of bladder afferent neurons by altering the function and chemical environment in the bladder or the spinal cord. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29: 63–76, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detrusor myocyte activity and afferent signaling
Authors: Andersson Karl‐Erik 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAimsTo discuss (1) mechanisms involved in the generation and control of myocyte contractions and consequent afferent nerve activity and (2) these mechanisms as targets for drugs aimed for treatment of overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms and detrusor overactivity (DO).MethodsLiterature review of myocyte activation, bladder afferent nerves, mediators in the bladder, and translational aspects of the findings.ResultsDuring bladder filling, there is normally no parasympathetic outflow from the spinal cord. Despite this, the bladder develops tone during filling and also exhibits non‐synchronized local contractions and relaxations that are caused by a basal myogenic mechanical activity that may be reinforced by release of, for example, acetylcholine from non‐neuronal and/or neuronal sources or local mediators, such as prostaglandins and endothelins. It is suggested that these spontaneous contractions are able to generate activity in afferent nerves (“afferent noise”) that may contribute to DO and OAB.ConclusionsSpontaneous bladder myocyte contractions and factors that are able to modulate them, as well as the consequent afferent nerve activity, may be targets for drugs meant for treatment of OAB/DO. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29: 97–106, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The emotional motor system and micturition control
Authors: Holstege Gert 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMicturition is, similar to all other movements of the body, the result of activation of the motor system in the central nervous system. This review explains how the brain and brainstem control micturition. The basic reflex system begins with a distinct cell group called Gert's Nucleus (GN) in the sacral cord. GN receives information about bladder contents via A‐δ fibers from the bladder and bladder sphincter and relays this information to the central part of the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG), but not to the thalamus. The PAG, in turn, in case of substantial bladder filling, excites the pontine micturition center (PMC), which cell group, via its long descending pathways to the sacral cord, induces micturition. Higher brain regions in prefrontal cortex and limbic system, by means of its projections to the PAG are able to interrupt this basic reflex system. It allows the individual to postpone micturition until time and place are appropriate. Lesions in the pathways from prefrontal cortex and limbic system to the PAG probably cause urge‐incontinence in the elderly. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29: 42–48, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neural control of the lower urinary tract: Peripheral and spinal mechanisms
Authors: Birder L. , de Groat W. , Mills I. , Morrison J. , Thor K. , Drake M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis review deals with individual components regulating the neural control of the urinary bladder. This article will focus on factors and processes involved in the two modes of operation of the bladder: storage and elimination. Topics included in this review include: (1) The urothelium and its roles in sensor and transducer functions including interactions with other cell types within the bladder wall (“sensory web”), (2) The location and properties of bladder afferents including factors involved in regulating afferent sensitization, (3) The neural control of the pelvic floor muscle and pharmacology of urethral and anal sphincters (focusing on monoamine pathways), (4) Efferent pathways to the urinary bladder, and (5) Abnormalities in bladder function including mechanisms underlying comorbid disorders associated with bladder pain syndrome and incontinence. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29: 128–139, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Surgical treatment of stress incontinence in men
Authors: Herschorn Sender , Bruschini Homero , Comiter Craig , Grise Philippe , Hanus Tomas , Kirschner‐Hermanns Ruth , Abrams Paul 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAimsThe committee was charged with the responsibility of reviewing and evaluating all published data relating to surgical treatment of male urinary incontinence since the previous consultation in 2004.MethodsArticles from peer‐reviewed journals, abstracts from scientific meetings, and literature searches by hand and electronically formed the basis of this review. The articles were evaluated using Levels of Evidences adapted by the ICUD from the Oxford Centre for Evidence Based Medicine. The Recommendations for Care were based on the level of evidence and discussed among the committee members to reach consensus. The incontinence problems were classified according to their etiology, that is, either primarily sphincter or bladder related.ResultsSpecialist evaluation of the patient is primarily a clinical approach with history, frequency‐volume chart, physical examination, and post‐void residual urine. Other investigations such as radiographic imaging of the lower urinary tract, cystoscopy, and urodynamic studies can provide important information for the clinician. For stress incontinence of various etiologies the artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) has the longest record of satisfactory results. Consideration must be given to the need for revisions for mechanical breakdown, erosion/infection, and recurrent incontinence, as well as cost. Sling procedures are increasingly being reported to have good outcomes for mild to moderate incontinence. Injectable agents have not shown durable results but newer technologies such as volume‐adjustable balloons have shown favorable early results. Incontinence following cystectomy with neobladder and pelvic trauma has been treated most commonly with the AUS.ConclusionsAlthough the literature is replete with well‐done cohort studies, there is a need for prospective randomized clinical trials. Recommendations for trials include standardized workup and outcome measures and complete reporting of adverse events and long‐term results. Further research is also needed to elucidate the mechanism of post‐prostatectomy incontinence. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29: 179–190, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Combined QF‐PCR and MLPA molecular analysis of miscarriage products: an efficient and robust alternative to karyotype analysis
Authors: Donaghue Celia , Mann Kathy , Docherty Zoe , Mazzaschi Roberto , Fear Claudine , Ogilvie Caroline 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjectivesTo replace G‐banded chromosome analysis for miscarriage products with a combined molecular approach: QF‐PCR and MLPA, to increase efficiency, reduce costs, and improve the diagnostic success rate for these samples.MethodsA review of 10 years of karyotype results for miscarriages products indicated that 2.7% of nonmosaic chromosome imbalance would not be detected by the molecular approach. The molecular approach was validated on 117 samples in parallel with karyotype analysis; no discrepancies were detected. The molecular approach was implemented in September 2007, and in the first 18 months 500 samples were processed.ResultsIn 500 samples, 117 samples (23%) were abnormal. Of these abnormalities, 64% were trisomies, 12% triploid, 11% monosomy X and 13% other abnormalities. When compared to karyotype analysis, the success rate was higher (95% cf 70%) and the reporting time was lower (88% within 28 days cf 79%). In addition, efficiency was higher as labour‐intensive cell culture and karyotyping were replaced by batch testing and automated analysis.ConclusionsThis molecular approach is less labour‐intensive, allows a higher sample throughput and has a higher success rate than karyotype analysis; it is therefore an efficient and cost‐effective diagnostic testing strategy for miscarriage products. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Millimetre‐scale bubble‐like dielectric elastomer actuators
Authors: Carpi Federico , Frediani Gabriele , Tarantino Sergio , De Rossi Danilo 
Published: December 2009

AbstractHydrostatic coupling has recently been reported as a means to improve the versatility and safety of electromechanical actuators based on dielectric elastomers (DEs). Hydrostatically coupled DE actuators rely on an incompressible fluid that mechanically couples a DE‐based active part to a passive part interfaced to the load. The work reported here was aimed at developing millimetre‐scale bubble‐like versions of such transducers. Silicone‐made oil‐filled actuators were manufactured as both single units and arrays of parallel elements. Bubbles had a base diameter of 6 mm and were driven up to a voltage of 2.25 kV, applied across a silicone film with a thickness of 42 µm. Active relative displacements and stresses up to 18% and 2.2 kPa, respectively, were recorded with static driving. Dynamic investigations reported a −3 dB bandwidth of the order of 100 Hz and a resonance frequency of about 250 Hz. Millimetre‐scale hydrostatically coupled DE actuators might play a useful role in several fields of application. Among them, we are currently exploring novel tactile displays and cutaneous stimulators, made of wearable, distributed and flexible devices. Although further miniaturization is required for high‐resolution uses, this technology holds promise to properly combine performance with safe and compliant interfaces with users, low specific weight, no acoustic noise and low cost. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry