bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salmonella enterica
Serovar Typhimurium Can Detect Acyl Homoserine Lactone Production by
Yersinia enterocolitica
in Mice
Authors: Dyszel Jessica L. , Smith Jenee N. , Lucas Darren E. , Soares Jitesh A. , Swearingen Matthew C. , Vross Mathew A. , Young Glenn M. , Ahmer Brian M. M. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT

LuxR-type transcription factors detect acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) and are typically used by bacteria to determine the population density of their own species.
Escherichia coli
and
Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium cannot synthesize AHLs but can detect the AHLs produced by other bacterial species using the LuxR homolog, SdiA. Previously we determined that
S.
Typhimurium did not detect AHLs during transit through the gastrointestinal tract of a guinea pig, a rabbit, a cow, 5 mice, 6 pigs, or 12 chickens. However, SdiA was activated during transit through turtles colonized by
Aeromonas hydrophila
, leading to the hypothesis that SdiA is used for detecting the AHL production of other pathogens. In this report, we determined that SdiA is activated during the transit of
S.
Typhimurium through mice infected with the AHL-producing pathogen
Yersinia enterocolitica
. SdiA is not activated during transit through mice infected with a
yenI
mutant of
Y. enterocolitica
that cannot synthesize AHLs. However, activation of SdiA did not confer a fitness advantage in
Yersinia
-infected mice. We hypothesized that this is due to infrequent or short interactions between
S.
Typhimurium and
Y. enterocolitica
or that the SdiA regulon members do not function in mice. To test these hypotheses, we constructed an
S.
Typhimurium strain that synthesizes AHLs to mimic a constant interaction with
Y. enterocolitica
. In this background,
sdiA
+
S.
Typhimurium rapidly outcompetes the
sdiA
mutant in mice. All known members of the
sdiA
regulon are required for this phenotype. Thus, all members of the
sdiA
regulon are functional in mice.
Genome Sequence ofAggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitansSerotype c Strain D11S-1
Authors: Chen Casey , Kittichotirat Weerayuth , Si Yan , Bumgarner Roger 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTAggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitansis a major etiological agent of periodontitis. Here we report the complete genome sequence of serotype c strain D11S-1, which was recovered from the subgingival plaque of a patient diagnosed with generalized aggressive periodontitis.
Search strings for the study of putative occupational determinants of disease
Authors: Mattioli Stefano , Zanardi Francesca , Baldasseroni Alberto , Schaafsma Frederieke , Cooke Robin MT , Mancini Gianpiero , Fierro Mauro , Santangelo Chiara , Farioli Andrea , Fucksia Serenella , Curti Stefania , Violante Francesco S , Verbeek Jos 
Published: October 2009

ObjectiveTo identify efficient PubMed search strategies to retrieve articles regarding putative occupational determinants of conditions not generally considered to be work related.MethodsBased on MeSH definitions and expert knowledge, we selected as candidate search terms the four MeSH terms describing ‘occupational disease’, ‘occupational exposure’, ‘occupational health’ and ‘occupational medicine’ (DEHM) alongside 22 other promising terms. We first explored overlaps between the candidate terms in PubMed. Using random samples of abstracts retrieved by each term, we estimated the proportions of articles containing potentially pertinent information regarding occupational aetiology in order to formulate two search strategies (one more ‘specific’, one more ‘sensitive’). We applied these strategies to retrieve information on the possible occupational aetiology of meningioma, pancreatitis and atrial fibrillation.ResultsOnly 20.3% of abstracts were retrieved by more than one DEHM term. The more ‘specific’ search string was based on the combination of terms that yielded the highest proportion (40%) of potentially pertinent abstracts. The more ‘sensitive’ string was based on the use of broader search fields and additional coverage provided by other search terms under study. Using the specific string, the numbers of abstracts needed to read to find one potentially pertinent article were 1.2 for meningioma, 1.9 for pancreatitis and 1.8 for atrial fibrillation. Using the sensitive strategy, the numbers needed to read were 4.4 for meningioma, 8.9 for pancreatitis and 10.5 for atrial fibrillation.ConclusionsThe proposed strings could help health care professionals explore putative occupational aetiology for diseases that are not generally thought to be work related.
The work-related burden of injury in a rapidly industrialising commune in Viet Nam
Authors: Marucci-Wellman Helen , Leamon Tom B , Binh Ta Thi Tuyet , Diep Nguyen Bich , Willetts Joanna L , Wegman David H , Kriebel David 
Published: October 2009

BackgroundHealth and injury surveillance data of the highest achievable quality are needed in order to appropriately allocate scarce resources at the local and national levels.MethodsThis is the first reported surveillance study of injury using a complete community sample in Viet Nam. Workplaces in Xuan Tien Commune most likely to benefit from intervention were identified and ranked by the magnitude of the problem (or highest injury count), the risk (highest incidence rates) and the burden (the effect of injuries on the livelihoods of workers).Results591 injuries occurring in the month prior to survey administration were recalled, which satisfied the injury case criteria of this study (the annualised incidence rate (IR) was 681 per 1000 residents). 482 were attributed to work activities (82%), yielding an annualised IR of 1001/1000 full time employee equivalents (FTE). The highest number of injuries occurred in the manufacturing sector (n=299), followed by agriculture with far fewer injuries (n=70). The highest rate of injury was in the transport, storage and communications sector (annualised IR 1583/1000 FTE), followed by manufacturing (1235/1000 FTE) and agriculture (844/1000 FTE).ConclusionThis study identified patterns of risk which, because data collection reflected work culture, are believed to be more reliable than those from previous studies. Interventions in the manufacture of machinery and equipment sector (the largest industry in the commune) would have the most impact in reducing occupational injuries. Despite the trend towards manufacturing, agriculture is still a high priority with a continuing substantial impact.
Occupational exposure to organic solvents and breast cancer in women
Authors: Peplonska Beata , Stewart Patricia , Szeszenia-Dąbrowska Neonila , Lissowska Jolanta , Brinton Louise A , Gromiec Jan Piotr , Brzeznicki Slawomir , Yang Xiaohong R , Sherman Mark , García-Closas Montserrat , Blair Aaron 
Published: October 2009

BackgroundAlthough studies in rodents suggest possible associations between exposure to organic solvents and breast cancer, the evidence in humans is limited.MethodsWe evaluated job histories of 2383 incident breast cancer cases diagnosed during 2000–2003, and 2502 controls who participated in a large population-based case-control study in Poland. Industrial hygienists reviewed occupational histories and developed exposure metrics for total organic solvents and benzene. Unconditional logistic regression analyses estimated ORs and 95% CIs as the measure of association with breast cancer, controlling for breast cancer risk factors. Stratified analyses examined the potential modification by known breast cancer risk factors. Associations were also evaluated by oestrogen and progesterone receptor status and by other clinical characteristics of the tumours using polytomous regression analyses.ResultsWomen who ever worked at jobs with organic solvents exposure had a small, non-significant increase in breast cancer risk (OR=1.16; 95% CI 0.99 to 1.4). A significant association was present for oestrogen receptor- and progesterone receptor-negative tumours (OR 1.40; 95% CI 1.1 to 1.8), but there was no association with tumours with both positive receptors (OR 0.97; 95% CI 0.8 to 1.2 (p heterogeneity: 0.008)). We did not observe trends with increasing level of exposure. Known breast cancer risk factors did not modify the association between organic solvents and breast cancer risk. No association with breast cancer was found for benzene exposure (OR 1.00; 95% CI 0.8 to 1.3).ConclusionOur study provides weak evidence for a possible association between occupational exposure to organic solvents as a class and breast cancer risk. The association might be limited to hormone receptor-negative tumours.
Could mining be protective against prostate cancer? A study and literature review
Authors: Girschik Jennifer , Glass Deborah , Ambrosini Gina L , Fritschi Lin 
Published: October 2009

ObjectiveProstate canceris one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in Western men and one in three Australian men develops the cancer before the age of 75. Currently, only increasing age, race and family history have been well established as risk factors. A growing number of studies have investigated occupation in relation to prostate cancer but, like other risk factors, no associations have been confirmed. Mining employs a significant proportion of the work force in Western Australia. The aims of this study were to describe the characteristics of miners in the Western Australian Prostate Health Study, investigate mining as a risk factor for prostate cancer, conduct a systematic search of the literature for studies that have investigated mining as an occupational risk factor for prostate cancer and compare and contrast their methodologies and results.MethodsData were obtained from a population-based case–control study conducted from 1 January 2001 to 20 August 2002 at The University of Western Australia.ResultsAfter controlling for age, family history and military service in Vietnam, miners had a statistically significantly reduced risk of prostate cancer (adjusted OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.75). The systematic literature search of studies examining mining and prostate cancer found a reasonably consistent trend of a decreased risk of prostate cancer among miners. None of the published articles discussed their results regarding mining and prostate cancer in detail, and a biological mechanism to support these results has not previously been suggested.ConclusionThe relationship between mining and prostate cancer deserves further investigation.
Justice at work and metabolic syndrome: the Whitehall II study
Authors: Gimeno David , Tabák Ádám G , Ferrie Jane E , Shipley Martin J , De Vogli Roberto , Elovainio Marko , Vahtera Jussi , Marmot Michael G , Kivimäki Mika 
Published: October 2009

ObjectivesGrowing evidence shows that high levels of justice are beneficial for employee health, although biological mechanisms underlying this association are yet to be clarified. We aim to test whether high justice at work protects against metabolic syndrome.MethodsA prospective cohort study of 20 civil service departments in London (the Whitehall II study) including 6123 male and female British civil servants aged 35–55 years without prevalent coronary heart disease at baseline (1985–1990). Perceived justice at work was determined by means of questionnaire on two occasions between 1985 and 1990. Follow-up for metabolic syndrome and its components occurring from 1990 to 2004 was based on clinical assessments on three occasions over more than 18 years.ResultsCox proportional hazard models adjusted for age, ethnicity and employment grade showed that men who experienced a high level of justice at work had a lower risk of incident metabolic syndrome than employees with a low level of justice (HR 0.75; 95% CI 0.63 to 0.89). There was little evidence of an association between organisational justice and metabolic syndrome or its components in women (HR 0.88; 95% CI 0.67 to 1.17).ConclusionsOur prospective findings provide evidence of an association between high levels of justice at work and the development of metabolic syndrome in men.
Ambient particulate pollution and the world-wide prevalence of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema in children: Phase One of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC)
Authors: Anderson H Ross , Ruggles Ruth , Pandey Kiran D , Kapetanakis Venediktos , Brunekreef Bert , Lai Christopher K W , Strachan David P , Weiland Stephan K ,   the ISAAC Phase One Study Group
Published: October 2009

ObjectivesTo investigate the effect of ambient particulate matter on variation in childhood prevalence of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema.MethodsPrevalences of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema obtained in Phase One of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) were matched with city-level estimates of residential PM10obtained from a World Bank model. Associations were investigated using binomial regression adjusting for GNP per capita and for clustering within country. For countries with more than one centre, a two stage meta-analysis was carried out. The results were compared with a meta-analysis of published multi-centre studies.ResultsAnnual concentrations of PM10at city level were obtained for 105 ISAAC centres in 51 countries. After controlling for GNP per capita, there was a weak negative association between PM10and various outcomes. For severe wheeze in 13–14-year-olds, the OR for a 10 μg/m3increase in PM10was 0.92 (95% CI 0.84 to 1.00). In 24 countries with more than one centre, most summary estimates for within-country associations were weakly positive. For severe wheeze in 13–14-year-olds, the summary OR for a 10 μg/m3increase in PM10was 1.01 (0.92 to 1.10). This result was close to a summary OR of 0.99 (0.91 to 1.06) obtained from published multi-centre studies.ConclusionsModelled estimates of particulate matter at city level are imprecise and incomplete estimates of personal exposure to ambient air pollutants. Nevertheless, our results together with those of previous multi-centre studies, suggest that urban background PM10has little or no association with the prevalence of childhood asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis or eczema either within or between countries.
DNA damage induced by cis- and carboplatin as indicator for in vitro sensitivity of ovarian carcinoma cells
Authors: Unger Florian T , Klasen Hermann A , Tchartchian Garri , de Wilde Rudy L , Witte Irene 
Published: October 2009

Abstract

Background
The DNA damage by platinum cytostatics is thought to be the main cause of their cytotoxicity. Therefore the measurement of the DNA damage induced by cis- and carboplatin should reflect the sensitivity of cancer cells toward the platinum chemotherapeutics.

Methods
DNA damage induced by cis- and carboplatin in primary cells of ovarian carcinomas was determined by the alkaline comet assay. In parallel, the reduction of cell viability was measured by the fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolysis assay.

Results
While in the comet assay the isolated cells showed a high degree of DNA damage after a 24 h treatment, cell viability revealed no cytotoxicity after that incubation time. The individual sensitivities to DNA damage of 12 tumour biopsies differed up to a factor of about 3. DNA damage after a one day treatment with cis- or carboplatin correlated well with the cytotoxic effects after a 7 day treatment (r = 0,942 for cisplatin r = 0.971 for carboplatin). In contrast to the platinum compounds the correlation of DNA damage and cytotoxicity induced by adriamycin was low (r = 0,692), or did not exist for gemcitabine.

Conclusion
The measurement of DNA damage induced by cis- and carboplatin is an accurate method to determine the in vitro chemosensitivity of ovarian cancer cells towards these cytostatics, because of its quickness, sensitivity, and low cell number needed.
Erratum to: Assessment of angle velocity in girls with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Escalada Ferran , Marco Ester , Belmonte Roser , Duarte Esther , Ma Muniesa Josep , Boza Roser , Tejero Marta , Cáceres Enric 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Correction to Escalada F, Marco E, Duarte E, Muniesa JM, Boza R, Tejero M, Cáceres E. Assessment of angle velocity in girls with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Scoliosis 2009; 4:20.
Melatonin Improves Glucose Homeostasis and Endothelial Vascular Function in High-Fat Diet-Fed Insulin-Resistant Mice
Authors: Sartori Claudio , Dessen Pierre , Mathieu Caroline , Monney Anita , Bloch Jonathan , Nicod Pascal , Scherrer Urs , Duplain Hervé 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Obesity and insulin resistance represent a problem of utmost clinical significance worldwide. Insulin-resistant states are characterized by the inability of insulin to induce proper signal transduction leading to defective glucose uptake in skeletal muscle tissue and impaired insulin-induced vasodilation. In various pathophysiological models, melatonin interacts with crucial molecules of the insulin signaling pathway, but its effects on glucose homeostasis are not known. In a diet-induced mouse model of insulin resistance and normal chow-fed control mice, we sought to assess the effects of an 8-wk oral treatment with melatonin on insulin and glucose tolerance and to understand underlying mechanisms. In high-fat diet-fed mice, but not in normal chow-fed control mice, melatonin significantly improved insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance, as evidenced by a higher rate of glucose infusion to maintain euglycemia during hyperinsulinemic clamp studies and an attenuated hyperglycemic response to an ip glucose challenge. Regarding underlying mechanisms, we found that melatonin restored insulin-induced vasodilation to skeletal muscle, a major site of glucose utilization. This was due, at least in part, to the improvement of insulin signal transduction in the vasculature, as evidenced by increased insulin-induced phosphorylation of Akt and endoethelial nitric oxide synthase in aortas harvested from melatonin-treated high-fat diet-fed mice. In contrast, melatonin had no effect on the ability of insulin to promote glucose uptake in skeletal muscle tissue in vitro. These data demonstrate for the first time that in a diet-induced rodent model of insulin resistance, melatonin improves glucose homeostasis by restoring the vascular action of insulin.
Melanocortins May Stimulate Reproduction by Activating Orexin Neurons in the Dorsomedial Hypothalamus and Kisspeptin Neurons in the Preoptic Area of the Ewe
Authors: Backholer Kathryn , Smith Jeremy , Clarke Iain J. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractTo further test the hypothesis that melanocortins stimulate the reproductive axis, we treated ewes with melanocortin agonist (MTII) in the luteal phase of the estrous cycle and during seasonal anestrus. Lateral ventricular infusion of MTII (10 μg/h) during the luteal phase increased LH secretion. Retrograde neuronal tracing in the brain showed few proopiomelanocortin or kisspeptin cells in the arcuate nucleus, but more than 70% of kisspeptin cells in the dorsolateral preoptic area (POA), projecting to the ventromedial POA in which GnRH cells are located. MTII infusion (20 h) was repeated in luteal phase ewes and brains were harvested to measure gene expression of preproorexin and kisspeptin. Expression of orexin in the dorsomedial hypothalamus and kisspeptin in the POA was up-regulated by MTII treatment and Kiss1 in the arcuate nucleus was down-regulated. Seasonally anestrous ewes were progesterone primed and then treated (lateral ventricular) with MTII (10 μg/h) or vehicle for 30 h, and blood samples were collected every 2 h from 4 h before infusion until 6 h afterward to monitor acute response in terms of LH levels. A rise in basal LH levels was seen, but samples collected around the time of the predicted LH surge did not indicate that an ovulatory event occurred. We conclude that melanocortins are positive regulators of the reproductive neuroendocrine system, but treatment with melanocortins does not fully overcome seasonal acyclicity. The stimulatory effect of melanocortin in the luteal phase of the estrous cycle may be via the activation of kisspeptin cells in the POA and/or orexin cells in the dorsomedial hypothalamus.
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neuroterminals and Their Microenvironment in the Median Eminence: Effects of Aging and Estradiol Treatment
Authors: Yin Weiling , Wu Di , Noel Megan L. , Gore Andrea C. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe GnRH decapeptide controls reproductive function through its release from neuroendocrine terminals in the median eminence, a site where there is a convergence of numerous nerve terminals and glial cells. Previous work showed dynamic changes in the GnRH-glial-capillary network in the median eminence under different physiological conditions. Because aging in rats is associated with a diminution of GnRH release and responsiveness to estradiol feedback, we examined effects of age and estradiol treatment on these anatomical interactions. Rats were ovariectomized at young (4 months), middle-aged (11 months), or old (22–23 months) ages, allowed 4 wk to recover, and then treated with vehicle or estradiol for 72 h followed by perfusion. Immunofluorescence of GnRH was measured, and immunogold electron microscopic analyses were performed to study the ultrastructural properties of GnRH neuroterminals and their microenvironment. Although the GnRH immunofluorescent signal showed no significant changes with age and estradiol treatment, we found that the median eminence underwent both qualitative and quantitative structural changes with age, including a disorganization of cytoarchitecture with aging and a decrease in the apposition of GnRH neuroterminals to glia with age and estradiol treatment. Thus, although GnRH neurons can continue to synthesize and transport peptide, changes in the GnRH neuroterminal-glial-capillary machinery occur during reproductive senescence in a manner consistent with a disconnection of these elements and a potential dysregulation of GnRH neurosecretion.
Increased Tau Phosphorylation and Cleavage in Mouse Models of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Kim Bhumsoo , Backus Carey , Oh SangSu , Hayes John M. , Feldman Eva L. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
As the population of the United States ages, the incidence of age-related neurodegenerative and systemic diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and diabetes is increasing rapidly. Multiple studies report that patients with diabetes have a 50–75% increased risk of developing AD compared with age- and gender-matched patients without diabetes. Abnormally phosphorylated tau is a major building block of neurofibrillary tangles, a classic neuropathological characteristic of AD. In addition, proteolytic tau cleavage promotes AD progression due to cleaved tau serving as a nucleation center for the pathological assembly of tau filaments. The current study examines tau modification in type 1 (streptozotocin-injected) and type 2 (db/db) mouse models of diabetes. Tau phosphorylation is increased in the cortex and hippocampus of db/db mice compared with db+ control mouse brain. Interestingly, there is an age-dependent increase in tau cleavage that is not observed in age-matched control db+ animals. Streptozotocin injection also increased tau phosphorylation; however, the increase was less significant compared with the type 2 mouse model, and more importantly, no tau cleavage was detected. Our results suggest tau modification caused by insulin dysfunction and hyperglycemia may contribute to the increased incidence of AD in diabetes. We hypothesize that type 1 and type 2 diabetes may contribute to AD through different mechanisms; in type 2 diabetes, hyperglycemia-mediated tau cleavage may be the key feature, whereas insulin deficiency may be the major contributing factor in type 1 diabetes.