bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Successional patterns of diversity in insect fauna on carrion in sun and shade in the Boreal Forest Region of Canada, near Edmonton, Alberta
Authors: Hobischak Niki R. , VanLaerhoven Sherah L. , Anderson Gail S. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe examined the successional community of insect fauna on exposed carrion in shade and sun in the Boreal Forest Region of Canada, near Edmonton, Alberta, over a 3-year period. This paper focuses on results obtained in the final year of study. Recently killed pigs (Sus domesticus L.) were clothed and placed in direct sunlight or shade on 18 and 20 May 1999. There was no difference in start time or duration of decomposition stages between the two habitats. Species abundance differed between the sun and shade habitats for Protophormia terraenovae (Robineau-desvoidy) larvae (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Necrobia sp. adults (Coleoptera: Cleridae), Catops basilaris Say adults (Coleoptera: Leiodidae), Onthophagus nuchicornis (L.) adults (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), Heterosilpha ramosa (Say) adults and larvae (Coleoptera: Silphidae), Creophilus maxillosus (L.) adults (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), and Ontholestes cingulatus (Gravenhorst) adults and larvae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). The orders Diptera and Coleoptera were important components of all communities and had the greatest diversity at both the family and the species level throughout succession. Overall species abundance within families was greater in the sun habitat than in the shade. Similar species dominated the sun and shade carcasses during early succession, but dominance was not clearly evident later in succession.
Preharvest sampling plan for larvae of the wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus (Hymenoptera: Cephidae), in winter wheat fields
Authors: Nansen Christian , Payton Mark E. , Runyon Justin B. , Weaver David K. , Morrill Wendell L. , Sing Sharlene E. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton, is the most important insect pest of dryland wheat, reducing both harvest efficiency and head weight. When wheat lodged (flattened) by C. cinctus is straight-cut, harvest efficiency is affected in three ways: (1) lodged stems are difficult to collect with the combine, so mature wheat is lost; (2) the combine has to operate more slowly to collect as many of the lodged stems as possible; and (3) there is increased risk of damage to the combine due to lowering of the combine header to recover lodged stems. An alternative harvest method is to swath the wheat before lodging occurs and place it in windrows prior to combining. When swathing is used, harvest efficiency is not affected by the C. cinctus infestation level; however, this type of harvesting is more expensive and labor-intensive than straight- cutting. Thus, swathing should be used only when the crop is heavily infested by C. cinctus, while straight-cutting should be used when the level of C. cinctus infestation is lower. Adapting harvesting practices to the C. cinctus infestation level requires a sampling plan that can reliably and cost-effectively predict the infestation level in a given field. In this study, we (i) evaluate the relationship between sampling effort along field edges and precision of the estimated average infestation level in 6 wheat fields, and (ii) generate a Gaussian regression analysis of the infestation level up to 200 m into 18 wheat fields using two variables, distance from the edge and average infestation level at the edge, as explanatory variables. We conclude that little additional precision for estimates of infestation level is gained by collecting more than 10 samples along field edges. We also conclude that the average C. cinctus infestation level along field edges can be used successfully to predict infestation levels up to 200 m into winter wheat fields. The proposed sampling should be implemented about one month before harvest to provide growers with enough time to make logistical preparations for harvest.
Effect of spatial scale on habitat use of Bolitotherus cornutus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
Authors: Teichert Sonja , Bondrup-Nielsen Soren 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe habitat of Bolitotherus cornutus Panzer consists primarily of sporophores of the shelf fungus Fomes fomentarius (L.:Fr.) J. Kickx fil. Each sporophore is discrete and often several are present on a single dead log or standing snag, especially of paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.). An exploratory approach was used to examine habitat use at three scales (the single sporophore, a single log supporting up to several sporophores, and a group of logs supporting sporophores) by modeling incidence of adult B. cornutus. Sporophore volume and decay were important for the beetles at all scales. Patches containing a variety of states of sporophores from alive to dead and decomposing are probably most suitable to B. cornutus. Results are compared with those for the related European beetle Bolitophagus reticulatus (L.), which is similar ecologically and also occupies F. fomentarius sporophores.
Spatiotemporal distributions of wheat stem sawfly eggs and larvae in dryland wheat fields
Authors: Nansen Christian , Macedo Tulio B. , Weaver David K. , Peterson Robert K.D. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae), is the most serious insect pest of dryland wheat (Triticum aestivum L.; Poaceae) in the southern Canadian Prairies and the northern Great Plains of the United States. We characterized the spatial distribution pattern of C. cinctus eggs and larvae throughout the adult flight period in three dryland winter wheat fields in Montana. Cephus cinctus females laid eggs in wheat stems until a few weeks before wheat maturity, and most wheat stems received only one egg. Wheat stem samples collected along the field edges represented 12%–16% of the samples but 40%–95% of the infested stems. The highest numbers of C. cinctus eggs and larvae found in a single wheat stem were 16 and 4, respectively. On a field scale, both C. cinctus eggs and larvae were significantly aggregated along field edges in most of the sampling events. A comparison of indices of aggregation revealed that C. cinctus larvae were significantly more spatially aggregated than C. cinctus eggs. Based on our spatiotemporal analysis, we speculate that the majority of the eggs are initially laid along field edges, and ovipositing C. cinctus females do not distinguish between previously infested and uninfested wheat stems. Gradually, these eggs hatch and the larvae begin feeding; at the same time, the later emerging C. cinctus females oviposit farther into the wheat fields. One explanation is that ovipositing C. cinctus females avoid stems containing feeding larvae. The analysis of the temporal changes in the spatial distribution patterns of C. cinctus eggs and larvae is discussed in the context of possible integrated pest management strategies.
Review of the genus Leptagrion in Venezuela with new synonymies and descriptions of a new genus, Bromeliagrion, and a new species, B. rehni (Zygoptera: Coenagrionidae)
Authors: De Marmels Jürg , Garrison Rosser W. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractType material of poorly known taxa currently placed under the genera Leptagrion Selys and Telagrion Selys is reviewed, illustrated, and correctly associated with currently known specimens in collections. The following changes are made: Leptagrion beebeanum Calvert and Leptagrion fernandezianum Rácenis are placed and keyed in a new genus, Bromeliagrion De Marmels gen. nov.; Bromeliagrion rehni Garrison sp. nov. is described from Ecuador. The following synonymies are proposed: Leptagrion auriceps St. Quentin is a junior synonym of Leptagrion macrurum (Burmeister); Leptagrion autazensis Sjöstedt is a junior synonym of Aeolagrion flammeum (Selys); Leptagrion? rufum Selys is a junior synonym of Anisagrion inornatum (Selys); and Leptobasis tenax St. Quentin is a junior synonym of Telagrion longum Selys.
A new genus and species of Epicriidae (Acari, Mesostigmata) from eastern North America
Authors: Moraza María L. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA new genus,Adenoepicriusgen. nov., is described, withAdenoepicrius magnussp. nov.from Canada designated as type. Also described areA. oconnorisp. nov.(New York, Ontario),A. curtipilussp. nov.(Virginia), andA. virginianussp. nov.(West Virginia). A key to species based on adult females is provided.
A comparison of three methods to estimate species richness of saproxylic beetles (Coleoptera) in logs and high stumps of Norway spruce
Authors: Wikars Lars-Ove , Sahlin Erik , Ranius Thomas 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe amount of dead wood in forests has decreased owing to modern forest practices, and many species associated with this habitat are currently threatened. In Sweden during the last decade, naturally downed logs have been retained and, at clearcuts, high stumps have been artificially created to maintain saproxylic (dead wood dependent) insects. We tested how much these types of dead wood are used by sampling saproxylic beetles in dead wood of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.; Pinaceae) in managed forests in central Sweden. To analyse how surveys should be conducted in these kinds of studies, we compared three methods over an entire growing season. We found that the relationship between the type of dead wood and species richness was statistically significant when we used bark sieving and emergence traps, but not when we used window traps. It is impossible to ascertain whether beetles collected with window traps are related to the type of dead wood on which they are found and, therefore, such traps are less useful in studies of specific substrates. The yield from sieving was highest in spring and autumn, whereas species richness in window trap samples peaked in June and July and that in emergence traps peaked from May to July. With emergence traps we collected, on average, about twice the number of species over the whole season as we did by sieving on a single occasion in the spring. Both emergence trapping and sieving reveal what is present in individual pieces of dead wood, but these methods sample partly different faunas. We found fewer species on artificially created high stumps (on clearcuts); however, these stumps seem to be useful for some red-listed species.
Role of vision throughout the flight initiation sequence of the Colorado potato beetle
Authors: Boiteau Gilles 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe role of vision in the flight initiation sequence of the Colorado potato beetle,Leptinotarsa decemlineata(Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), was assessed by comparing the behavioral sequences and frequencies of takeoffs of untethered and tethered beetles with and without vision. Results showed that vision plays a critical role in the successful completion of the launch and the maintenance of lift for the adult Colorado potato beetle. The sequence was interrupted immediately before or during the lifting of the mesothoracic legs or before the launch for most blind beetles. Liftoffs of untethered beetles over a 1-h period in a flight chamber were reduced significantly, by 77%, in blind beetles compared with normal beetles. In addition, the preponderance of upward (dispersal) flights following successful liftoffs of normal beetles was replaced by a preponderance of downward (short) flights for blind beetles. Blind beetles that did not have to launch themselves because they were tethered initiated flight as frequently as tethered normal Colorado potato beetles. The duration and repeatability of flights initiated by tethered blind Colorado potato beetles were also similar to those of flights initiated by tethered normal Colorado potato beetles in a stationary environment. Together, the results of the tests with untethered and tethered beetles indicate that vision is a key factor during flight launching and for flight continuation.
Sap beetles (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) in managed and old-growth forests in southeastern Ontario, Canada
Authors: Zeran Rebecca M. , Anderson Robert S. , Wheeler Terry A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractNitidulid beetles were sampled from old-growth and mature managed hemlock-hardwood forest stands in southeastern Ontario, Canada. Large-area flight-intercept traps and trunk-window traps were operated for 22 weeks in 2003 and yielded 2129 nitidulid beetles representing 30 species. Species richness was similar in both forest types but relative abundance was higher in managed stands. Other diversity measures (rarefaction-estimated species richness, Fisher's α, Simpson's index) were all higher in old-growth stands, and managed stands were separated from old-growth stands in cluster analyses based on overall species diversity. These results were strongly influenced by the dominance of Glischrochilus quadrisignatus (Say) in two managed stands; removal of that species from analyses resulted in higher species diversity in managed stands and no distinct separation of forest types in cluster analyses. Indicator species analysis showed that G. quadrisignatus and Pallodes pallidus (Palisot de Beauvois) were strongly associated with managed stands. Glischrochilus sanguinolentus (Olivier) was collected more frequently in trunk-window traps than in flight-intercept traps and data suggested a possible association of this beetle with old-growth stands. Pallodes pallidus and Cychramus adustus Erichson, both known to feed on fleshy white fungi, displayed a clear division in seasonal abundance peaks, suggesting that resource partitioning may be occurring.
Attraction of femaleUranotaenia lowii(Diptera: Culicidae) to frog calls in Costa Rica
Authors: Borkent Art , Belton Peter 
Published: April 2009

AbstractDuring a survey of frog-biting corethrellid midges in Costa Rica, we collected 79 femaleUranotaenia lowiiTheobald, mosquitoes known to bite frogs, from seven lowland localities using the recorded calls of a frog. The calls of male barking tree frogs,Hyla gratiosaLeConte, were repeated about once per second, lasted about 0.15 s, and had a fundamental frequency near 450 Hz. We suggest that this frequency is within the range of acoustic sensitivity of the female mosquito antennae. Males of several families of Nematocera use sound to detect flying females of their own species, but we believe ours is the first observation of female mosquitoes being attracted by the sound of a host.
A taxonomic study of Isometopinae from China, including Myiomma qinlingensis sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae)
Authors: Qi Baoying 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe Chinese fauna of the mirid subfamily Isometopinae is examined. Fifteen species of Isometopinae are recorded from China, belonging to the genera Isometopus Fieber, Letaba Hesse, Myiomma Puton, and Sophianus Distant. The known species are reviewed in detail, including their citations, distributions, and host plants. Information about type material and the description of a new species, Myiomma qinlingensissp. nov., are given. Keys to the Chinese genera and species are given.
Notes on the Neotropical species of Synergus (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae), with description of a new species from Colombia
Authors: Nieves-Aldrey Jose Luis 
Published: April 2009

AbstractNotes are given on the five species of Synergus Hartig, 1840 recorded from Central and South America, including a key for their identification. A new species, S. colombianussp. nov., is described from Colombia. The new species is an inquiline of an unidentified cynipid gall on Quercus humboldtii Bonpl. (Fagaceae). Synergus colombianus is the first Synergus species recorded from Colombia and the most southerly record of this genus in the Neotropical region. The new species is closely related to S. cultratus Ritchie et Shorthouse, 1987, S. filicornis Cameron, 1883, and S. nicaraguensis Díaz et Gallardo, 1998, but differs from these species in characters that are discussed in the text.
Review of the Chinese leafhopper genus Paralaevicephalus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) with descriptions of two new species from China
Authors: Dai Wu , Zhang Yalin , Hu Jian 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe four species from China of the genus Paralaevicephalus Ishihara, 1953 are reviewed; among them, two species, P. longistylussp. nov. and P. gracilipenissp. nov., are described. Paralaevicephalus prima (Rao, 1989) is reported for the first time from China. The genus Khasiana Rao, 1989 (Deltocephalinae: Paralimnini) is synonymized with Paralaevicephalus Ishihara, 1953 syn. nov. A key is given to distinguish the species, and illustrations of genitalia are provided.
Taxonomic study of the Oriental genus Amurta (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae: Typhlocybini), including A. bimaculata sp. nov. and A. upunctata sp. nov.
Authors: Zhang Yalin , Huang Min 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA taxonomic study of the Oriental genus Amurta Dworakowska, 1977 is given. Five species are considered, one of which is reported for the first time in China, and two species, Amurta bimaculatasp. nov. and A. upunctatasp. nov., are described. All species are listed and a key for their separation is given.
The genusEucatopsof Costa Rica (Coleoptera: Leiodidae, Cholevinae, Eucatopini)
Authors: Peck Stewart B. , Cook Joyce 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe genusEucatopsPortevin, 1903 was previously known by 20 described species, all from South America. In this paper we describe 13 new species from Costa Rica, all in the subgenusEucatops: Eucatops(Eucatops)andersonisp. nov.;E.(E.)antennatussp. nov.;E.(E.)apterussp. nov.;E.(E.)dentatussp. nov.;E.(E.)femoratussp. nov.;E.(E.)globosussp. nov.;E.(E.)magnussp. nov.;E.(E.)minutussp. nov.;E.(E.)montanussp. nov.;E.(E.)osasp. nov.;E.(E.)paramontanussp. nov.;E.(E.)solisisp. nov.; andE.(E.)tenuisaccussp. nov.Some of the species are also reported from neighboring Nicaragua or Panama.
Spatial and temporal distribution of winged aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) frequenting blueberry fields in southwestern British Columbia and implications for the spread of Blueberry scorch virus
Authors: Raworth D.A. , Chan C.-K. , Foottit R.G. , Maw E. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAlate aphids were sampled in five fields of commercial blueberry, Vaccinium corymbosum L. (Ericaceae), during 2001 and 2002 using yellow tile, green tile, and Tremclad® yellow water traps. Eighty-seven species were identified among a total of 7722 alatae. Several of the species are known virus vectors, including Aphis fabae Scopoli, Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kaltenbach), Hyalopterus pruni (Geoffroy), Hyperomyzus lactucae (L.), Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Rhopalosiphoninus staphyleae (Koch), and Rhopalosiphum padi (L.). The number of species caught varied with year, and the number of species and the total number of alatae varied with field, trap colour, and season. More species were caught in 2001 than in 2002, in yellow than in green traps, and in the summer than in the spring or the autumn, and more alatae were caught in Tremclad® yellow traps than in yellow or green tile traps, and in the autumn than in the spring or the summer. However, numerous interactions limit generalizations. Analyses of the data for individual species revealed similar patterns and interactions. The effects of year, field, trap colour, and season varied with species. Given nonpersistent virus transmission and the large numbers of alatae caught of species that are known virus vectors, there is considerable potential for spread of Blueberry scorch virus by migrant aphids. Field- or area-specific and season-specific control strategies could be developed once the virus vector status of the different species is known. In addition, given the number of significant interactions observed in the data, there is a need to investigate alternative, generalized approaches to reducing virus transmission rates, such as applying whitewash or kaolin particle film to blueberry leaves.
On the misidentification of chalcid (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) parasitoids of the cabbage seedpod weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in North America
Authors: Gibson Gary A.P. , Baur Hannes , Ulmer Bryan , Dosdall Lloyd , Muller Franck 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPrevious identifications in North America ofTrichomalus perfectus(Walker, 1835) andMesopolobus morys(Walker, 1848) (Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae), the principal chalcid parasitoids of the cabbage seedpod weevil (Ceutorhynchus obstrictusMarsham, 1802) in Europe, are shown to be misidentifications ofTrichomalus lucidus(Walker, 1835) andMesopolobus(Xenocrepis)moryoidessp. nov., respectively.Necremnus duplicatusGahan, 1941 (Chalcidoidea: Eulophidae) is synonymized formally underNecremnus tidius(Walker, 1839)syn. nov., confirming a previous, tentative synonymy. Both sexes ofN. tidius,M. moryoides, andT. lucidusare illustrated and compared with those of similar species using macrophotography and scanning electron microphotography. Hypotheses are offered to explain why the principal chalcid parasitoids of the cabbage seedpod weevil differ between North America and Europe and how the three treated species came to be in North America.
Population development of the green peach aphid and beneficial insects in potato fields in British Columbia
Authors: Kabaluk J.T. , Vernon R.S. , Henderson D. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractUsing 4 years of potato monitoring data containing insect counts, population development of the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae (Sulzer)) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), ladybird beetles (Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) and Coccinella septempunctata L.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), and hymenopterous aphid parasitoids is described and used to consider revisions to current sampling plans. Depending on the year, field monitoring for aphids commenced between early May and early June. Aphid populations typically increased after 1 July and fluctuated until the end of the monitoring period (September). Winged M. persicae began to appear in sweep-net samples in late May, well in advance of the detection of aphids in visual samples. Aphid counts from field edge and interior sample sites were correlated and edge population levels were slightly and significantly greater than interior levels over the period 10 June – 14 July in 2 of the 4 years analyzed, suggesting a mild but inconsistent edge effect approaching mid season. Using an action threshold of 1 aphid/leaf to restrict the aphid-mediated spread of potato leaf roll virus (PLRV), the earliest whole-field action threshold was exceeded during 18–24 June in 1997. Using an action threshold of 10 aphids/leaf to address aphid-induced yield loss in fields not at risk to PLRV, the earliest whole-field action threshold was exceeded during 16–22 July in 1997. Therefore, monitoring for aphids can begin much later than the time it is currently commenced. A case is presented for monitoring only the edges of potato fields for an action threshold of 10 aphids/leaf, as interior samples rarely exceeded this action threshold when edge samples were below. This would further reduce the effort in sampling potato fields for aphids. Population development of ladybird beetle adults and larvae showed peaks occurring at different times during the growing season, depending on the year. Parasitism of aphids by hymenopterans occurred at low to moderate levels throughout the growing season (13% of total aphids in visual samples, on average), with peak parasitism appearing toward the end of the growing season in each year.