bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intrinsic Depot-Specific Differences in the Secretome of Adipose Tissue, Preadipocytes, and Adipose Tissue–Derived Microvascular Endothelial Cells
Authors: Hocking Samantha L. , Wu Lindsay E. , Guilhaus Michael , Chisholm Donald J. , James David E. 
Published: September 2010

OBJECTIVE
Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is more closely linked to insulin resistance than subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). We conducted a quantitative analysis of the secretomes of VAT and SAT to identify differences in adipokine secretion that account for the adverse metabolic consequences of VAT.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We used lectin affinity chromatography followed by comparison of isotope-labeled amino acid incorporation rates to quantitate relative differences in the secretomes of VAT and SAT explants. Because adipose tissue is composed of multiple cell types, which may contribute to depot-specific differences in secretion, we isolated preadipocytes and microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs) and compared their secretomes to those from whole adipose tissue.

RESULTS
Although there were no discrete depot-specific differences in the secretomes from whole adipose tissue, preadipocytes, or MVECS, VAT exhibited an overall higher level of protein secretion than SAT. More proteins were secreted in twofold greater abundance from VAT explants compared with SAT explants (59% versus 21%), preadipocytes (68% versus 0%), and MVECs (62% versus 15%). The number of proteins in the whole adipose tissue secretome was greater than the sum of its cellular constituents. Finally, almost 50% of the adipose tissue secretome was composed of factors with a role in angiogenesis.

CONCLUSIONS
VAT has a higher secretory capacity than SAT, and this difference is an intrinsic feature of its cellular components. In view of the number of angiogenic factors in the adipose tissue secretome, we propose that VAT represents a more readily expandable tissue depot.
General Anesthesia for a Child With Landau-Kleffner Syndrome, a Case Report
Authors: Ghosh Biswajit , Carsten David 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Landau-Kleffner syndrome is a rare, epileptiform disorder with a pathognomonic sudden aphasia, epilepsy, and electroencephalographic abnormalities. It was first described in 1957. No case reports are included in the anesthesia literature. This case report describes a 9-year-old male who was treated for dental caries while under intubated general anesthesia. The case was successful and uneventful, with multiple precautions taken to prevent seizures or other complications. The authors hope that this report will provoke communication and additional case reports.
Pain Management Part II: Pharmacologic Management of Chronic Orofacial Pain
Authors: Ganzberg Steven 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The pharmacologic management of chronic orofacial pain involves the use of medications not used routinely in dental practice. Additionally, many drugs are used for long periods of time necessitating careful monitoring for adverse effects and potential drug interactions. This article will review commonly used medications for chronic orofacial pain and highlight important areas of concern.
Assessing the Need for Anesthesia and Sedation Services in Kuwaiti Dental Practice
Authors: Abdulwahab Mohammad , Al-Sayegh Fatima , Boynes Sean G. , Abdulwahab Hawra , Zovko Jayme , Close John 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the public health relevance of the prevalence of dental fear in Kuwait and the resultant barrier that it creates regarding access to dental care. The study analysis demonstrated a high prevalence of dental fear and anxiety in the Kuwaiti population and a perceived need for anesthesia services by dental care providers. The telephone survey of the general population showed nearly 35% of respondents reported being somewhat nervous, very nervous, or terrified about going to the dentist. In addition, about 36% of the population postponed their dental treatment because of fear. Respondents showed a preference to receive sedation and anesthesia services as a means of anxiety relief, and they were willing to go to the dentist more often when such services were available. People with high fear and anxiety preferred to receive some type of medication to relieve their anxiety. In conclusion, the significance and importance of the need for anesthesia services to enhance the public health of dental patients in Kuwait has been demonstrated, and improvements are needed in anesthesia and sedation training of Kuwaiti dental care providers.
A Comparison of Intravenous Sedation With Two Doses of Dexmedetomidine: 0.2 µg/kg/hr Versus 0.4 µg/kg/hr
Authors: Kawaai Hiroyoshi , Satoh Jun , Watanabe Masahiro , Kan Keiichi , Ganzberg Steven , Yamazaki Shinya 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The present study investigated the physiologic and sedative effects between two different continuous infusion doses of dexmedetomidine (DEX). Thirteen subjects were separately sedated with DEX at a continuous infusion dose of 0.2 µg/kg/hr for 25 minutes after a loading dose of 6 µg/kg/hr for 5 minutes (0.2 group) and a continuous infusion dose of 0.4 µg/kg/hr for 25 minutes after a loading dose of 6 µg/kg/hr for 5 minutes (0.4 group). The recovery process was then observed for 60 minutes post infusion. The tidal volume, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate in both groups decreased significantly during infusion, but they were within a clinically acceptable level. A Trieger dot test plot error ratio in the 0.4 group was significantly higher than that in the 0.2 group until 15 minutes post infusion. Sedation appears to be safe at the infusion doses of DEX studied. However, increasing maintenance infusion doses of DEX from 0.2 µg/kg/hr to 0.4 µg/kg/hr delays some recovery parameters.
Immune-mediated pure red cell aplasia in a domestic ferret
Authors: Malka Shachar , Hawkins Michelle G. , Zabolotzky Shanon M. , Mitchell Elizabeth B. , Owens Sean D. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Case Description—An 8-month-old spayed female domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo) was referred for examination to determine the cause of lethargy and severe anemia.
Clinical Findings—Initial examination revealed that the ferret was lethargic but with appropriate mentation. The only other abnormal findings were severe pallor of the mucous membranes, nasal planum, and skin and a PCV of 8%. Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) was diagnosed on the basis of cytologic evaluation of a bone marrow biopsy specimen.
Treatment and Outcome—Medical treatment included blood transfusions, IM administration of iron dextran, oral administration of antimicrobials and gastrointestinal tract protectants, and SC administration of erythropoietin. Once PRCA was diagnosed, the ferret was orally administered prednisone, cyclosporine, and azathioprine. Nine months after onset of treatment, the PRCA was in remission and the ferret was doing well. Immunosuppressive treatment was discontinued at 14 months after onset of treatment, and 36 months after initial examination, the ferret appeared to be healthy.
Clinical Relevance—It is important that PRCA be considered as a differential diagnosis for a ferret with severe anemia. Prolonged immunosuppressive treatment was successful in the ferret described here. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2010;237:695-700)
The Hamiltonian formulation of general relativity: myths and reality
Authors: Kiriushcheva Natalia , Kuzmin Sergei 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
A conventional wisdom often perpetuated in the literature states that: (i) a 3 + 1 decomposition of spacetime into space and time is synonymous with the canonical treatment and this decomposition is essential for any Hamiltonian formulation of General Relativity (GR); (ii) the canonical treatment unavoidably breaks the symmetry between space and time in GR and the resulting algebra of constraints is not the algebra of four-dimensional diffeomorphism; (iii) according to some authors this algebra allows one to derive only spatial diffeomorphism or, according to others, a specific field-dependent and non-covariant four-dimensional diffeomorphism; (iv) the analyses of Dirac [21] and of ADM [22] of the canonical structure of GR are equivalent. We provide some general reasons why these statements should be questioned. Points (i–iii) have been shown to be incorrect in [45] and now we thoroughly re-examine all steps of the Dirac Hamiltonian formulation of GR. By direct calculation we show that Dirac’s references to space-like surfaces are inessential and that such surfaces do not enter his calculations. In addition, we show that his assumption g
0k
= 0, used to simplify his calculation of different contributions to the secondary constraints, is unwarranted; yet, remarkably his total Hamiltonian is equivalent to the one computed without the assumption g
0k
= 0. The secondary constraints resulting from the conservation of the primary constraints of Dirac are in fact different from the original constraints that Dirac called secondary (also known as the “Hamiltonian” and “diffeomorphism” constraints). The Dirac constraints are instead particular combinations of the constraints which follow directly from the primary constraints. Taking this difference into account we found, using two standard methods, that the generator of the gauge transformation gives diffeomorphism invariance in four-dimensional space-time; and this shows that points (i–iii) above cannot be attributed to the Dirac Hamiltonian formulation of GR. We also demonstrate that ADM and Dirac formulations are related by a transformation of phase-space variables from the metric g
μν to lapse and shift functions and the three-metric g
km, which is not canonical. This proves that point (iv) is incorrect. Points (i–iii) are mere consequences of using a non-canonical change of variables and are not an intrinsic property of either the Hamilton-Dirac approach to constrained systems or Einstein’s theory itself.
Modification of the Equation for Description of Wöhler's Curves
Authors: Kłysz Sylwester , Lisiecki Janusz , Bąkowski Tomasz 
Published: September 2010

Modification of the Equation for Description of Wöhler's Curves
The paper presents the way to modify the equation σ = f(2Nf) in order to improve the fit of experimental results from High Cycle Fatigue tests. In particular, the study deals with introduction of the 5-parameter exponential equation that enables better fit of the full Wöhler's curve to experimental data within the range of stress at the level of fatigue threshold as well as approximation to the quasi-static range and Low Cycle Fatigue tests for the highest stress values. It is illustrated how individual parameters affect the procedure and possibility to match the aforementioned equation to experimental data.
A Pilot Study of the Effects of High-Intensity Aerobic Exercise Versus Passive Interventions on Pain, Disability, Psychological Strain, and Serum Cortisol Concentrations in People With Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: Chatzitheodorou Dimitris , Kabitsis Chris , Malliou Paraskevi , Mougios Vassilis 
Published: September 2010

Background and Purpose
Given the complex nature of chronic pain, the effects of high-intensity aerobic exercise on pain, disability, psychological strain, and serum cortisol concentrations in people with chronic low back pain were investigated.

Subjects
Twenty subjects receiving primary health care were randomly allocated into exercise and control groups.

Methods
Subjects in the exercise group received a 12-week, high-intensity aerobic exercise program. Subjects in the control group received 12 weeks of passive modalities without any form of physical activity.

Results
Data analysis identified reductions in pain (41%, t10=8.51, P&lt;.001), disability (31%, t10=7.32, P&lt;.001), and psychological strain (35%, t10=7.09, P&lt;.001) in subjects in the exercise group and no changes in subjects in the control group. High-intensity exercise failed to influence serum cortisol concentrations.

Discussion and Conclusion
Regular high-intensity aerobic exercise alleviated pain, disability, and psychological strain in subjects with chronic low back pain but did not improve serum cortisol concentrations.
What's in Team Rehabilitation Care After Arthroplasty for Osteoarthritis? Results From a Multicenter, Longitudinal Study Assessing Structure, Process, and Outcome
Authors: Grotle Margreth , Garratt Andrew M. , Klokkerud Mari , Løchting Ida , Uhlig Till , Hagen Kåre B. 
Published: September 2010

Background
Clinical course and outcome connected to rehabilitation after hip or knee arthroplasty have been studied extensively, but few studies have assessed the content of team rehabilitation care for these patients.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to provide a thorough description of the structure, process, and outcome of team rehabilitation care for patients with hip or knee arthroplasty for osteoarthritis.

Design
This was a multicenter, longitudinal observational study.

Methods
Patients (N=183) from 6 rehabilitation centers in Norway who were undergoing inpatient rehabilitation following hip or knee arthroplasty were included in the study. Structure and process components were recorded by participants and health care professionals in a patient diary. Participants also completed questionnaires regarding their experiences during their rehabilitation stay and recorded data for outcome measures at admission, at discharge, and 6 months after discharge. The main outcome measures were pain intensity and physical function, as assessed with the physical function scale of the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36).

Results
Data were complete for 172 participants (94%) at discharge and for 148 patients (81%) at the 6-month follow-up. Health care professionals, physical therapists, nurses, and physicians were most often involved in team care. Occupational therapists, social workers, and psychologists were seldom part of the rehabilitation team. Exercises provided by physical therapists were the most common treatment modality. Patient education, massage, and manual therapy also frequently were provided. The participants were very satisfied with their care and its organization, information, and communication and with the availability of health care professionals. They were moderately satisfied with the social environment of the rehabilitation setting. The participants had large improvements in the outcome measures during the rehabilitation stay and at the 6-month follow-up.

Limitations
For typical physical therapy modalities such as exercises, electrotherapy, and acupuncture, there are limited descriptions and assessments of treatment doses.

Conclusions
Current team rehabilitation care involves a traditional team with physical therapists, nurses, and physicians. Several types of treatment modalities are used, with greatest emphasis on physical training. This detailed description of current team rehabilitation practice might help clinicians and researchers in planning clinical trials within a rehabilitation setting, as well as in improving rehabilitation practice.
Prospective Evaluation of Clinical and Ultrasound Findings in Ankle Disease in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Importance of Ankle Ultrasound
Authors: PASCOLI LAURA , WRIGHT STEPHEN , McALLISTER CATHERINE , ROONEY MADELEINE 
Published: September 2010

Objective.To prospectively compare clinical examination of the ankle structures with ultrasound (US) findings.Methods.In 42 children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA; 25 girls, 17 boys, mean age 11.3 yrs, range 2.3–22.3 yrs), a total of 61 swollen/painful ankles were assessed clinically and ultrasonographically. Accurate clinical examination of the entire ankle joint was performed, focusing especially on 3 regions — tibiotalar joint and medial and lateral tendons. Clinical and US findings were both scored 0–3 (normal-severe).Results.US demonstrated no signs of tibiotalar joint effusion in 14 out of 43 ankles considered clinically involved. For the medial tendons, US showed tenosynovitis in 13 ankles out of 31 thought to be clinically normal; and for the lateral tendons, of the 19 deemed to be clinically involved, less than 50% had involvement on US. Very poor agreement was observed comparing the clinical and US scores for the 3 regions: tibiotalar joint, kappa = 0.3; medial tendons, kappa = 0.24; lateral tendons, kappa = 0.25. With regard to other ankle structures, only 39% of the subtalar (talocalcaneal) joints considered clinically involved were deemed abnormal on US. Finally, of the 10 ankles with talonavicular US effusion, only 2 were considered clinically involved.Conclusion.Using US findings as the “gold standard,” clinical examination of the ankle in children with JIA was found to be inadequate in identifying the structures involved. US assessment prior to any glucocorticoid injection should be considered to improve the outcome. A prospective study comparing the outcome following clinical- versus US-guided ankle joint injection should be undertaken, to confirm our findings.
Flexible Dosed Duloxetine in the Treatment of Fibromyalgia: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial
Authors: ARNOLD LESLEY M. , CLAUW DANIEL , WANG FUJUN , AHL JONNA , GAYNOR PAULA J. , WOHLREICH MADELAINE M. 
Published: September 2010

Objective.To investigate the efficacy of flexible dose duloxetine 60–120 mg/day on changes in fibromyalgia (FM) symptoms assessed by the Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I) scale.Methods.Outpatients ≥ 18 years of age who met American College of Rheumatology criteria for FM, and had ≥ 4 score on the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) average pain item, were randomized to duloxetine (n = 263) or placebo (n = 267) for 24 week double-blind treatment (primary endpoint at Week 12). Key secondary measures included BPI average pain severity, patient-rated scales assessing mood, anxiety, pain, sleep, and stiffness, Clinical Global Impression of Severity (CGI-S), Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory, Cognitive and Physical Functioning Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory, and Medical Outcome Study Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36).Results.At Week 12, duloxetine-treated patients reported significantly greater global improvement with mean PGI-I scores of 2.8 compared to 3.4 in the placebo group (p < 0.001). Significantly more duloxetine- versus placebo-treated patients (57% vs 32%; p < 0.001) reported feeling “much” or “very much better” (PGI-I score ≤ 2). There was significantly greater improvement with duloxetine versus placebo treatment in BPI average pain severity, mood (including BDI total), anxiety (patient-rated only), stiffness, CGI-S, fatigue, all SF-36 domains (except role-physical and physical component summary), and being less bothered by pain or sleep difficulties. Treatment-emergent adverse events occurring significantly more frequently with duloxetine included: nausea, headache, constipation, dry mouth, dizziness, diarrhea, and hyperhidrosis.Conclusion.Treatment with duloxetine 60, 90, and 120 mg/day was associated with feeling much better, pain reduction, being less bothered by sleep difficulties, and improvement in mood, stiffness, fatigue and functioning. (Clinical trial registryNCT00673452).
The Hawthorne Effect, Sponsored Trials, and the Overestimation of Treatment Effectiveness
Authors: WOLFE FREDERICK , MICHAUD KALEB 
Published: September 2010

Objective.To determine if the results of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) clinical trials are upwardly biased by the Hawthorne effect.Methods.We studied 264 patients with RA who completed a commercially sponsored 3-month, open-label, phase 4 trial of a US Food and Drug Administration approved RA treatment. We evaluated changes in the Health Assessment Questionnaire disability index (HAQ) and visual analog scales for pain, patient global, and fatigue during 3 periods: pretreatment in the trial, on treatment at the close of the trial, and by a trial-unrelated survey 8 months after the close of the trial, but while the patients were receiving the same treatment.Results.The HAQ score (0–3) improved by 41.3% during the trial, but only by 16.5% when the endpoint was the post-trial result. Similar results for the other variables were patient global (0–10) 51.9% and 34.6%, pain (0–10) 51.7% and 39.7%, fatigue (0–10) 45.6% and 24.6%. Worsening between the trial end and the first survey assessment was HAQ 0.29 units, pain 0.8 units, patient global 0.8 units, and fatigue 1.1 units.Conclusion.Almost half the improvement noted in the clinical trial HAQ score disappeared on entry to a non-sponsored followup study, and from 23% to 44% of improvements in pain, patient global, and fatigue also disappeared. These changes can be attributed to the Hawthorne effect. Based on these data, we hypothesize that the absolute values of RA outcome variables in clinical trials are upwardly biased, and that the treatment effect is less than observed.
Arguments for Using Population Models in Incidental Take Assessments for Endangered Species
Authors: McGowan Conor P. , Ryan Mark R. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Population models can be useful tools for evaluating management strategies and risks for a given species. A major, but often overlooked, component of endangered or threatened species management and recovery is the incidental take allowance of many endangered species laws. In the United States population models are seldom applied to address specific incidental take scenarios. We believe it is prudent for wildlife management agencies like the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to embrace explicit predictive tools to assess the possible effects of incidental take actions and to set standards for what constitutes unacceptable levels of incidental take in terms of predicted effect on population viability, recovery, and extinction. We briefly give recommendations for incorporating simulation models into jeopardy evaluations in ways that would dovetail with legislative language and provide a simple example model. Using explicit predictive models to support jeopardy determinations and incidental take decision-making would lead to transparent decisions rooted in measurable quantities such as changes in extinction probability or abundance projections.
Combined holographic subsurface radar and infrared thermography for diagnosis of the conditions of historical structures and artworks
Authors: Capineri L. , Falorni P. , Ivashov S. , Zhuravlev A. , Vasiliev I. , Razevig V. , Bechtel T. , Stankiewicz G. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThis paper describes a new application of holographic radar for non‐destructive testing applied to cultural heritage items. A holographic radar, called RASCAN, operates in continuous wave multi‐frequency mode at 4 GHz range and produces images with high in‐plane resolution (about 2 cm). Marble items and other stones have been investigated to validate the method to search for subtle cracks, moisture or to unveil details of structures at shallow depth (up to 2 wavelengths). Other important materials are aged wood items that are investigated for tunnels made by insects. Then the holographic radar imaging has been experimentally compared with infrared thermography to understand the advantages and disadvantages of these methods and to derive indications for solving the problem common in all geophysics of inherent non‐uniqueness.