bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated manufacture of 3D reinforced aerospace composite structures
Authors: Dell'Anno Giuseppe , Partridge Ivana , Cartié Denis , Hamlyn Alexandre , Chehura Edmon , James Stephen , Tatam Ralph 
Published: March 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to focus on exploring an innovative combination of cutting‐edge technologies to be implemented within automated processes for composite parts manufacturing. The objective is the design of a production route for components with tailored fibre orientation and ply lay‐up, with improved damage tolerance thanks to through‐the‐thickness reinforcement and integrated health monitoring systems based on optical fibres technology. This study is part of the FP7 project ADVITAC.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed technologies are described in detail and their compatibility and potential for integration are discussed.A set up for on‐line monitoring of infusion and curing processes of carbon/epoxy laminates preformed by dry fibre placement technology is proposed, and a preliminary study of their mechanical performance is presented. The possibility of reinforcing through‐the‐thickness preforms manufactured with dry slit tapes automatically laid‐up and consolidated by laser heating is investigated.FindingsImproved knowledge was obtained of interaction/compatibility between the discussed technologies and scope for application.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper reports the technical potential and practical feasibility of the proposed integrated production process. Limited quantitative evaluations on the materials performance are provided. The analysis of the technologies involved represents the early outcome of the ongoing ADVITAC project.Practical implicationsThis study contributes to the identification of a new generation of composite architecture which allows production cost and weight savings while retaining the level of quality suitable for demanding structural applications, with particular relevance to the aerospace field.Originality/valueThis paper investigates for the first time the practical possibility of designing a single automated process involving dry fibre placement, tufting and optical fibre sensor monitoring for the production of complex composite components.
Fresh insights into British apprenticeship schemes
Authors: Oultram Teresa 
Published: March 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to show how research that is approached from multiple perspectives, using multiple methods, can help to illuminate the complex and contested nature of the purpose and practice of apprenticeship schemes in England. The author contends that understanding the various participants involved in the schemes helps to reveal how policy at the macro level is adapted at the micro level to suit different groups. The author argues that the usefulness in such an approach provides a greater understanding of the plurality of interests and needs at play within the scheme, opening up the apprenticeship scheme agenda to allow divergent voices to be heard.Design/methodology/approachThis is a qualitative empirical paper which adopts a multi‐perspective, multi‐method approach.FindingsThe paper highlights a number of areas of contention between different stakeholders involved in the apprenticeship scheme that could affect the success of these schemes.Originality/valueThe author's aim is to demonstrate the use of a multi‐perspective, multi‐method approach as a way to generate research which takes into account the different experiences and agenda of stakeholders participating in apprenticeship schemes. It is envisaged that the paper will be of interest to readers interested in research methods and for those conducting research on young workers.
Exploring organizational architecture and space: a case for heterodox research
Authors: Peltonen Tuomo 
Published: March 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to advance the methodological self‐understanding of the emerging field of organizational space and architecture by employing concepts and frameworks from multi‐paradigm and mixed methods research.Design/methodology/approachThe paper presents a methodological re‐reading of a recent research process that analyzed the spatial and architectural dynamics in a Finnish university organization.FindingsWhile the analysis of architectural meanings is often grounded in researcher‐participants auto‐ethnographic experiences, triangulating personal insights with other methods is important for the validity and richness of the subsequent description of spatial dynamics and its outcomes. Especially, the incorporation of architectural visions and representations into the analysis is argued to enhance our understanding of the emergence of particular social‐material collectives.Originality/valueAlthough there is a steady stream of empirical studies on the meanings of organizational space and architecture, rigorous accounts of the methodological challenges of spatial analyses have so far been scarce. This paper aims to partially fill this gap.
Use of a ‘microecological technique’ to study crime incidents around methadone maintenance treatment centers
Authors: Boyd Susan J. , Fang Li Juan , Medoff Deborah R. , Dixon Lisa B. , Gorelick David A. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTAims  Concern about crime is a significant barrier to the establishment of methadone treatment centers (MTCs). Methadone maintenance reduces crime among those treated, but the relationship between MTCs and neighborhood crime is unknown. We evaluated crime around MTCs.Setting  Baltimore City, MD, USA.Participants  We evaluated crime around 13 MTCs and three types of control locations: 13 convenience stores (stores), 13 residential points and 10 general medical hospitals.Measures  We collected reports of Part 1 crimes from 1 January 1999 to 31 December 2001 from the Baltimore City Police Department.Design  Crimes and residential point locations were mapped electronically by street address (geocoded), and MTCs, hospitals and stores were mapped by visiting the sites with a global positioning satellite (GPS) locator. Concentric circular ‘buffers’ were drawn at 25‐m intervals up to 300 m around each site. We used Poisson regression to assess the relationship between crime counts (incidents per unit area) and distance from the site.Findings  There was no significant geographic relationship between crime counts and MTCs or hospitals. A significant negative relationship (parameter estimate −0.3127, P < 0.04) existed around stores in the daytime (7 am–7 pm), indicating higher crime counts closer to the stores. We found a significant positive relationship around residential points during daytime (0.5180, P < 0.0001) and at night (0.3303, P < 0.0001), indicating higher crime counts further away.Conclusions  Methadone treatment centers, in contrast to convenience stores, are not associated geographically with crime.
Molecular mechanisms of metabolic reprogramming in proliferating cells: implications for T‐cell‐mediated immunity
Authors: Marelli‐Berg Federica M. , Fu Hongmei , Mauro Claudio 
Published: March 2012

SummaryTo engage in proliferation, cells need to increase their biomass and replicate their genome. This process presents a substantial bioenergetic challenge: proliferating cells must increase ATP production and acquire or synthesize raw materials, including lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. To do so, proliferating cells actively reprogramme their intracellular metabolism from catabolic mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to glycolysis and other anabolic pathways. This metabolic reprogramming, which directs nutrient uptake and metabolism during cell activation and proliferation, is under the control of specific signal transduction pathways. The underlying molecular mechanisms of cell metabolism reprogramming and their relevance to physiology and disease are currently under intense study. Several reports have uncovered the mechanisms of metabolic reprogramming that drive high rates of cell proliferation in cancer. Some recent studies have elucidated the physiological role of metabolic reprogramming during T‐cell activation, differentiation and trafficking, which are potentially relevant to inflammatory disorders. This review describes the impact of metabolic reprogramming on the pathogenesis of cancer and the physiology of T‐cell‐mediated immune responses, with an emphasis on the phosphatidyl inositol 3‐kinase–serine/threonine kinase–mammalian target of rapamycin pathway and the recently discovered metabolic processes regulated by nuclear factor‐κB. These discoveries will hopefully translate into a better understanding of the role of metabolic reprogramming as a key regulator of T‐cell‐mediated immune responses and offer novel, immune‐based therapeutic approaches.
Enhanced humoral and HLA‐A2‐restricted dengue virus‐specific T‐cell responses in humanized BLT NSG mice
Authors: Jaiswal Smita , Pazoles Pamela , Woda Marcia , Shultz Leonard D. , Greiner Dale L. , Brehm Michael A. , Mathew Anuja 
Published: March 2012

SummaryDengue is a mosquito‐borne viral disease of humans, and animal models that recapitulate human immune responses or dengue pathogenesis are needed to understand the pathogenesis of the disease. We recently described an animal model for dengue virus (DENV) infection using humanized NOD‐scid IL2rγnull mice (NSG) engrafted with cord blood haematopoietic stem cells. We sought to further improve this model by co‐transplantation of human fetal thymus and liver tissues into NSG (BLT‐NSG) mice. Enhanced DENV‐specific antibody titres were found in the sera of BLT‐NSG mice compared with human cord blood haematopoietic stem cell‐engrafted NSG mice. Furthermore, B cells generated during the acute phase and in memory from splenocytes of immunized BLT‐NSG mice secreted DENV‐specific IgM antibodies with neutralizing activity. Human T cells in engrafted BLT‐NSG mice secreted interferon‐γ in response to overlapping DENV peptide pools and HLA‐A2 restricted peptides. The BLT‐NSG mice will allow assessment of human immune responses to DENV vaccines and the effects of previous immunity on subsequent DENV infections.
Understanding the process of patient satisfaction with nurse‐led chronic disease management in general practice
Authors: Mahomed Rosemary , St John Winsome , Patterson Elizabeth 
Published: March 2012

mahomed r., st john w. & patterson e. (2012) Understanding the process of patient satisfaction with nurse‐led chronic disease management in general practice. Journal of Advanced Nursing68(11), 2538–2549.AbstractAims.  To investigate the process of patient satisfaction with nurse‐led chronic disease management in Australian general practice.Background.  Nurses working in the primary care context of general practice, referred to as practice nurses, are expanding their role in chronic disease management; this is relatively new to Australia. Therefore, determining patient satisfaction with this trend is pragmatically and ethically important. However, the concept of patient satisfaction is not well understood particularly in relation to care provided by practice nurses.Design.  A grounded theory study underpinned by a relativist ontological position and a relativist epistemology.Methods.  Grounded theory was used to develop a theory from data collected through in‐depth interviews with 38 participants between November 2007–April 2009. Participants were drawn from a larger project that trialled a practice nurse‐led, collaborative model of chronic disease management in three Australian general practices. Theoretical sampling, data collection, and analysis were conducted concurrently consistent with grounded theory methods.Results.  Patients undergo a cyclical process of Navigating Care involving three stages, Determining Care Needs, Forming Relationship, and Having Confidence. The latter two processes are inter‐related and a feedback loop from them informs subsequent cycles of Determining Care Needs. If any of these steps fails to develop adequately, patients are likely to opt out of nurse‐led care.Conclusion.  Navigating Care explains how and why time, communication, continuity, and trust in general practitioners and nurses are important to patient satisfaction. It can be used in identifying suitable patients for practice nurse‐led care and to inform the practice and organization of practice nurse‐led care to enhance patient satisfaction.
Supervising nursing students administering medication: a perspective from registered nurses
Authors: Reid‐Searl Kerry , Happell Brenda 
Published: March 2012

Aims.  To explore the attitudes, experiences and opinions of registered nurses regarding supervision of undergraduate nursing students while administering medication in the healthcare setting.Background.  Medication errors present a considerable risk to safety in the healthcare setting. By virtue of their role in the administration of medication, registered nurses are considered as major contributors to this problem. Undergraduate nursing students administer medication in the clinical setting, but little attention has been paid to the implications for patient safety.Design.  This research was conducted using exploratory qualitative methodology.Methods.  Focus group interviews were conducted with 13 registered nurses. The participants were asked to describe their experiences and opinions regarding the supervision of undergraduate nursing students. Data were analysed using the framework approach.Results.  Three main themes from this work are presented in this paper: ‘standard of supervision’, ‘a beneficial experience’ and ‘preparation’.Conclusions.  The participants regarded supervision as an important process in fostering student learning and ensuring safety. Preparation on the part of the healthcare facility, students and the university were essential to maximise the benefits for all concerned.Relevance to clinical practice.  The ability to administer medication safely is an important skill for all registered nurses. Nursing students need the opportunity to develop these skills as part of their undergraduate educational programme. Registered nurses must supervise students in a rigorous and supportive manner to enhance learning and to promote quality care.
Seedling defoliation, plant growth and flowering potential in native‐ and invasive‐range Plantago lanceolata populations
Authors: HANLEY M E 
Published: March 2012

Hanley ME (2012). Seedling defoliation, plant growth and flowering potential in native‐ and invasive‐range Plantago lanceolata populations. Weed Research52, 252–259.SummaryThe plastic response of weeds to new environmental conditions, in particular the likely relaxation of herbivore pressure, is considered vital for successful colonisation and spread. However, while variation in plant anti‐herbivore resistance between native‐ and introduced‐range populations is well studied, few authors have considered herbivore tolerance, especially at the seedling stage. This study examines variation in seedling tolerance in native (European) and introduced (North American) Plantago lanceolata populations following cotyledon removal at 14 days old. Subsequent effects on plant growth were quantified at 35 days, along with effects on flowering potential at maturity. Cotyledon removal reduced early growth for all populations, with no variation between introduced‐ or native‐range plants. Although more variable, the effects of cotyledon loss on flowering potential were also unrelated to range. The likelihood that generalist seedling herbivores are common throughout North America may explain why no difference in seedling tolerance was apparent. However, increased flowering potential in plants from North American P. lanceolata populations was observed. As increased flowering potential was not lost, even after severe cotyledon damage, the manifestation of phenotypic plasticity in weeds at maturity may nonetheless still be shaped by plasticity in the ability to tolerate herbivory during seedling establishment.
A rare cutaneous presentation of metastatic parotid adenocarcinoma
Authors: Hafiji Juber , Rytina Edward , Jani Piyush , Burrows Nigel P 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTPrimary adenocarcinomas of the parotid gland are rare, accounting for < 5% of all head and neck malignant neoplasms. The biological behaviour of these tumours varies considerably. Low‐grade tumours are minimally invasive, whereas high‐grade tumours show a high incidence of local recurrence and distant metastases. We report a case of metastatic parotid adenocarcinoma which presented with cutaneous features. This case illustrates that such salivary gland malignancies can very rarely present to the dermatologist. These potentially aggressive tumours require prompt diagnosis and management with multidisciplinary team input to ensure that the appropriate treatment is instigated.
Allergic contact dermatitis to topical preparations of bufexamac
Authors: Pan Yan , Nixon Rosemary 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTIn Australia bufexamac is mainly used for pharmacist‐initiated local treatment of various dermatoses. The European Medicines Agency's Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use recently recommended that marketing authorisation for bufexamac‐containing preparations be revoked throughout the European Union because of the risk of severe allergic contact dermatitis. We retrospectively reviewed the patch test database at the Skin and Cancer Foundation Inc. and identified 19 cases of positive reactions to bufexamac (5% petrolatum) from 451 people patch tested. The bufexamac reaction was deemed relevant to the presenting dermatitis in 13 of 19 (68%) patients. Bufexamac allergic contact dermatitis is under‐reported in the English literature. We wish to emphasise the severity and the unusually polymorphic eruptions observed in some of the cases. Clinicians should consider the possibility of allergic contact dermatitis to bufexamac‐containing preparations in all patients where there is a history of exposure, even if used for only a short time.
Implementation of a manualized communication intervention for school‐aged children with pragmatic and social communication needs in a randomized controlled trial: the Social Communication Intervention Project
Authors: Adams Catherine , Lockton Elaine , Gaile Jacqueline , Earl Gillian , Freed Jenny 
Published: March 2012

Abstract  Background: Speech–language interventions are often complex in nature, involving multiple observations, variable outcomes and individualization in treatment delivery. The accepted procedure associated with randomized controlled trials (RCT) of such complex interventions is to develop and implement a manual of intervention in order that reliable treatment delivery can be achieved.Aims: To present the rationale, structure and content of an intensive manualized intervention as implemented within an RCT for children with complex pragmatic and social communication needs; to investigate factors associated with implementation in a mainstream school environment; and to determine treatment fidelity.Methods & Procedures: The manualized SCIP intervention, including procedures for developing individualized treatment plans, was developed and then implemented within an RCT with 57 school‐aged children with complex pragmatic communication needs (CwPLI). The paper describes the delivery protocol, staffing requirements, and content and structure of the intervention. A mapping procedure for individualization of intervention and the implemented components of intervention are presented. The findings from a school–therapy alliance checklist for recording factors affecting implementation in a school context are also reported. Treatment fidelity was carried out using measures of delivered versus planned treatment content and quality of therapy.Outcomes & Results: The manual was effective at detailing intervention procedures and allowing for development of individualized treatment plans whilst maintaining satisfactory treatment fidelity. Treatment planning and delivery required continuous specialist speech and language therapist input with assistants needing substantive training and supervision. Key components of intervention for CwPLI were therapies aimed at improving conversation skills, narrative construction, comprehension monitoring, understanding of social cues and metapragmatic awareness. The school–therapy alliance checklist indicated high rates of therapist–education staff and therapist–parent liaison. Parents were nearly always involved in treatment planning though only half‐attended therapy sessions. Learning support provision in schools for participating children was highly variable.Conclusions & Implications: Predetermining theoretical background, structure, and content in a treatment manual contributed towards the quality and reliability of intervention within the context of an RCT. The implementation of SCIP intervention in a broader clinical context is discussed with reference to staff expertise, the therapeutic process and the essential ingredients of social communication intervention.
Protocols and participatory democracy in a ‘North–South’ product development partnership
Authors: Montgomery Catherine M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractGlobal product development partnerships (PDPs) for new health technologies have become an increasingly important part of the science and development landscape over the past two decades. Polarised positions are adopted by those scrutinising the power and governance of these public–private formations; on the one hand, they are seen as successful social technology innovations, on the other as regressive and imperialistic regimes of neo‐colonialism. Answering recent calls for research to examine the actors, governance, context and dynamics of PDPs, this article presents a sociological case study of one particular partnership, the Microbicides Development Programme (MDP). Interviews were conducted with a cross‐section of programme staff in the UK and Zambia, and discourses analysed through a Foucauldian lens of governmentality. This article suggests that two tools of government were central to MDP’s cohesiveness: institutional discourses of participatory democracy and capacity building and scientific protocols. Through these material‐semiotic tools, the scientific community, junior operational researchers and the funder were successfully enrolled into the programme and governed by a central body based in the UK. This article draws on Nikolas Rose’s work to discuss these socio‐scientific discourses as technologies of government, and provides a non‐dualistic account of power and governance in a North–South PDP.
Uncertainty in Spatially Predicted Covariates: Is it Ignorable?
Authors: Foster Scott D. , Shimadzu Hideyasu , Darnell Ross 
Published: March 2012

SummaryIn ecology, a common form of statistical analysis relates a biological variable to variables that delineate the physical environment, typically by fitting a regression model or one of its extensions. Unfortunately, the biological data and the physical data are frequently obtained from separate sources of data. In such cases there is no guarantee that the biological and physical data are co-located and the regression model cannot be used. A common and pragmatic solution is to predict the physical variables at the locations of the biological variables and then to use the predictions as if they were observations. We show that this procedure can cause potentially misleading inferences and we use generalized linear models as an example. We propose a Berkson error model which overcomes the limitations. The differences between using predicted covariates and the Berkson error model are illustrated by using data from the marine environment, and a simulation study based on these data.