bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexual function and vaginal surgery
Authors: Neill Caithlin , Abdel‐Fattah Mohamed , Ramsay Ian N 
Published: July 2009

Female sexual function is increasingly used as an outcome measure of the success of vaginal surgery.
Most women without coital incontinence will have no change in sexual function following anti‐incontinence surgery, although overall there may be a slight improvement.
If coital incontinence is cured by surgery, the woman is very likely to report an improvement in sexual function.
The majority of studies of pelvic organ prolapse repair show no change in subsequent sexual function.
Worsening of sexual function is most likely to follow posterior repair.

Learning objectives:

To understand how female sexual function can be assessed.
To understand how surgery for incontinence and/or prolapse is likely to affect sexual function.
To be willing and better able to discuss sexual function with women before surgery.

Ethical issue:

As surgery can adversely affect sexual function, is it unethical to fail to discuss this sensitive area preoperatively?

Please cite this article as: Neill C, Abdel‐Fattah M, Ramsay IN. Sexual function and vaginal surgery. The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 2009;11:193–198.
The role of pelvic and para‐aortic lymph node dissection in the surgical treatment of endometrial cancer: a view from the USA
Authors: Mariani Andrea , Dowdy Sean C , Podratz Karl C 
Published: July 2009

Intraoperative tumour diameter measurement in endometrial cancer is useful for identifying women at extremely low risk of lymph node invasion.
Surgical staging in endometrial cancer is instrumental for defining the need for and extent of postoperative therapy, thus avoiding over‐ and undertreatment.
Adequate surgical staging in endometrial cancer includes bilateral pelvic and para‐aortic lymphadenectomy extending to renal vessels.

Learning objectives:

To define diagnostic and possible therapeutic roles of systematic surgical staging in endometrial cancer.
To define anatomical borders of adequate surgical staging in endometrial cancer.

Ethical issues:

How can over‐ and undertreatment of endometrial cancer be avoided?

Please cite this article as: Mariani A, Dowdy S, Podratz K. The role of pelvic and para‐aortic lymph node dissection in the surgical treatment of endometrial cancer: a view from the USA. The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 2009;11:199–204.
An Early-Time Model for Drawdown Testing of a Hydrate-Capped Gas Reservoir
Authors: Gerami Shahab , Pooladi-Darvish Mehran 
Published: July 2009

Summary
Development of natural gas hydrates as an energy resource has gained significant interest during the past decade. Hydrate reservoirs may be found in different geologic settings including deep ocean sediments and arctic areas. Some reservoirs include a free-gas zone beneath the hydrate and such a situation is referred to as a hydrate-capped gas reservoir. Gas production from such a reservoir could result in pressure reduction in the hydrate cap and endothermic decomposition of hydrates.
Well testing in conventional reservoirs is used for estimation of reservoir and near-wellbore properties. Drawdown testing in a hydrate-capped gas reservoir needs to account for the effect of gas from decomposing hydrates. This paper presents a 2D (r,z) mathematical model for a constant-rate drawdown test performed in a well completed in the free-gas zone of a hydrate-capped gas reservoir during the earlytime production. Using energy and material balance equations, the effect of endothermic hydrate decomposition appears as an increased compressibility in the resulting governing equation. The solution for the dimensionless wellbore pressure is derived using Laplace and finite Fourier cosine transforms. The solution to the analytical model was compared with a numerical hydrate reservoir simulator across some range of hydrate reservoir parameters.
The use of this solution for determination of reservoir properties is demonstrated using a synthetic example. Furthermore, the solution may be used to quantify the contribution of hydrate decomposition on production performance.
Age, Sex and Relocation Distance as Predictors of Return for Relocated Nuisance Black BearsUrsus americanusin Ontario, Canada
Authors: Landriault Lynn J. , Brown Glen S. , Hamr Josef , Mallory Frank F. 
Published: July 2009

Relocation has been used as a management tool for nuisance black bearsUrsus americanusfor decades. Using tag recovery data from relocated nuisance bears in Ontario, Canada, we developed predictive models to assist managers in determining the efficacy of black bear relocation based on the sex and age of the animal, and a range of relocation distances. We considered relocation success in terms of nuisance recurrence rates and whether bears returned to within 20 km of the capture site. A minimum of 30% of relocated bears were subsequently involved in another nuisance event and adult females were the segment of the population most likely to re‐offend (48%). Adult bears consistently exhibited higher return rates than juveniles (73 vs 29%), hence we modeled these two groups separately. Based on logistic regression models, the probability of return for animals 1–3 years of age increased with age, females were more likely to return than males, and return rates decreased with increasing relocation distance. For bears ≥4 years of age, these variables were poor predictors of return; the model had difficulty identifying bears that did not return. We used receiver‐operating characteristic curves to estimate relocation distance thresholds for juvenile bears. The results suggest that 2‐ and 3‐year‐old male bears will not return to within 20 km of the capture area if relocated a minimum of 30 km and 64 km, respectively. Although relocation appears to be an effective strategy for the management of juvenile male bears, success rates were low for adults. Our findings can aid resource managers in making more informed decisions as to the potential effectiveness of relocation as a management tool.
Analysis of Breast Pain: A study of 110 Cases
Authors: Chowdhury Riaz Ahmed , Hasan Syed Khalid , Masud Jafar Md 
Published: July 2009

A prospective type of analytical study was carried out on 106 patients with breast pain to analyze the causes of breast pain. This study was conducted from August, 2002 to January 2004 at breast clinic of Bangladesh Medical College Hospital (BMCH) and at Department of Surgery of BMCH. Sampling was done purposively and a structured questionnaire was used for data collection by interviewing followed by examining the patient in the first phase. In the second phase, Mammography and FNAC (Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology) was done. Majority of the patients (35.8%) were in the age group of 21- 30 years and the mean age was 27.61± SD10.5 years. About 48.1% breast pains were due to ANDI (Aberration of Normal Development and Involution) and among the other causes nonspecific pain 15.1%, breast abscess 14.2% and carcinoma of breast were only 1.9%. The performance status of all the patients were in between 0- 1. Mammography was done in 54 patients and of them 44 was found positive for fibrocystic disease (41 cases) and fibroadenoma (3 cases). FNAC was done in 50 patients and 36 were found positive with fibroadenoma (22 cases), fibrocystic change (8 cases), chronic breast abscess (2 cases), mitotic lesion (2 cases), and neurofibroma (2 cases). So painful breast diseases are helpful in seeking further medical care for appropriate intervention Keyword: Breast pain, Mastalgia, ANDI. doi: 10.3329/jom.v10i2.2818 J MEDICINE 2009; 10 : 77-81
Global Eradication of Yaws: Neglected Disease with Research Priority
Authors: Amin Md Robed , Basher Ariful , Zaman Md Ferdous , Faiz MA 
Published: July 2009

Yaws is a disfiguring, debilitating non-venereal treponemal infection caused by Treponema pallidum subspecies pertenue. It is a contagious disease transmitted by direct (person-to-person) contact with the infectious yaws lesion. Early lesions of this disease manifest in the form of skin lesions, which on healing show little scarring. The disease can be progressive wherein bone and cartilage are affected leading to disability. The disease can be cured and prevented by a single injection of long acting (benzathine benzyl) penicillin. Between 1952 and 1964, a worldwide campaign led by WHO and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) to control and eventually eradicate yaws and other endemic treponematoses were undertaken.By the end of the 1970s, reemergence of yaws occured in many countries and it prompted a World Health Assembly Resolution requesting the implementation of integrated treponematoses control programmes. While the programme initially showed tremendous result but yaws control efforts paved the way for the development of the primary healthcare system in affected areas. The disease is amenable to eradication epidemiologically, technologically, historically and from political point of view if appropriate research based programme in national and international arena is set. Key words: Eradication, Yaws, Neglected,disease,Research doi: 10.3329/jom.v10i2.2825 J MEDICINE 2009; 10 : 109-114
One‐Pot Synthesis of Functional Helicoidal Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Nanofibers with Periodically Organized Mesoporosity
Authors: Rambaud Frédéric , Vallé Karine , Thibaud Simon , Julián‐López Beatriz , Sanchez Clément 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe one‐pot synthesis and properties of multifunctional hybrid mesoporous organosilica fibers with helical shapes are described. These hybrid mesoporous fibers are prepared without chiral elements and functionalized with a large variety of organic R functions (R = alkylthiols, phenylsulfonates, alkylphosphonates, dansyl, aminopropyl, fluoroalkyl, etc.). The resulting nanomaterials are thoroughly characterized by a variety of techniques. The use of a synergetic combination of achiral molecules as co‐directing structuring agents, a surfactant, and an organofunctional silica precursor R‐Si(OR)3 allows, via carefully tuning of the main synthesis parameters and processing conditions, to control the shape, which is the anisotropic factor, of the hybrid nanofibers. The functionalization of the hybrid materials with fluorescent molecules (dansyl) and gold nanoparticles opens possibilities for sensor and catalytic applications, respectively. Moreover, these hybrid nanofibers can be easily transferred in organic solvents or in a “green” solvent such as water to make stable colloidal dispersions. This tunable functionality of nanofibers also allows their transferability into a variety of polymeric hosts (PVDF, PVBu, and PVP) allowing the formation of functional homogeneous nanocomposite hybrid membranes.
A property‐based optimization of direct recycle networks and wastewater treatment processes
Authors: Ponce‐Ortega José María , Hortua Ana Carolina , El‐Halwagi Mahmoud , Jiménez‐Gutiérrez Arturo 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis article presents a mathematical programming approach to optimize direct recycle‐reuse networks together with wastewater treatment processes in order to satisfy a given set of environmental regulations. A disjunctive programming formulation is developed to optimize the recycle/reuse of process streams to units and the performance of wastewater treatment units. In addition to composition‐based constraints, the formulation also incorporates in‐plant property constraints as well as properties impacting the environment toxicity, ThOD, pH, color, and odor. The MINLP model is used to minimize the total annual cost of the system, which includes the cost for the fresh sources, the piping cost for the process integration and the waste stream treatment cost. An example problem is used to show the application of the proposed model. The results show that the simultaneous optimization of a recycle network and waste treatment process yields significant savings with respect to a commonly‐used sequential optimization strategy. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Optimum design of cyclone separator
Authors: Swamee Prabhata K. , Aggarwal Nitin , Bhobhiya Kuldeep 
Published: July 2009

AbstractCyclone separators are one of the most widely used gas‐solid separators. Although the optimal design of cyclone separators has been suggested earlier, the earlier works do not include all the critical parameters responsible for minimizing the pressure drop which is quite decisive to obtain a correct optimal design. In this article, the optimal design of the cyclone separator has been formulated as a geometric programming with a single degree of difficulty. The solution of the problem yields the optimum values of the number of cyclones to be used in parallel, and the inside diameter of cyclone shell and exit pipe, when a specified flow rate of gas is to be separated from solid particles, when the cut diameter is already specified. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Effects of chemical structure on the properties of carboxylate‐type copolymer dispersant for coal‐water slurry
Authors: Xu Renfu , Zhuang Wei , He Qihui , Cai Jun , Hu Baixing , Shen Jian 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn this study, a series of carboxylate‐type copolymer dispersants were prepared. The effects of chemical structures of the copolymer dispersants, including the molecular weight, kind, quantity and ratio of hydrophilic/hydrophobic groups, and side chain length, on the solid loading, apparent viscosity, zeta potential, rheological behavior, and stability of coal‐water slurry (CWS) prepared from Dongtan, Yima, and Datong coals were systematically investigated. The dispersion performance of the copolymer can be improved by adjusting its chemical structures, and the dispersion mechanism was discussed. In addition, a high solid loading CWS with excellent stability toward settling can be achieved by means of the copolymer dispersant and carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt (CMC‐Na). Experiments have proved that the copolymer has the potential to be developed as a new high‐effective dispersant for CWS. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
A new method of potassium chromate production from chromite and KOH‐KNO3‐H2O binary submolten salt system
Authors: Sun Zhi , Zhang Yi , Zheng Shi‐Li , Zhang Yang 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA new method of chromate production by applying a new reaction system of KOH‐KNO3‐H2O (binary submolten salt system) is proposed and proved feasible. Under conditions of temperature 350°C, KOH‐to‐chromite ore ratio 2:1, stirring speed 700 rpm, KNO3‐to‐chromite ore ratio 0.8:1, oxygen partial pressure 50%, and gas flow 1 L/min, chromium conversion ratio obtained is >98% with reaction time around 300 min. The decomposition of chromite ore in the system is a typical process of solid– liquid–gas reaction, which is coordinately controlled by mass diffusion in product layer and interface reaction. Apparent activation energy of decomposition in the temperature range from 280 to 370°C is 55.63 kJ/mol. During reaction, oxygen dissolves into KOH‐KNO3‐H2O melt system first and some cluster, e.g. O, is formed and the mass diffusion coefficient of the cluster was calculated. The system can be considered as both a media of oxygen transportation and reactant donator. Potassium nitrate plays a role of catalyst in the oxidation decomposition reaction of chromite ore and potassium hydroxide. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Multiple sclerosis: Distribution of inflammatory cells in newly forming lesions
Authors: Henderson Andrew P. D. , Barnett Michael H. , Parratt John D. E. , Prineas John W. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjectiveCD4 T‐cell–dependent macrophage activation directed against a myelin or oligodendrocyte antigen is generally thought to be the mechanism causing myelin destruction in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, areas within expanding MS lesions may exhibit prominent oligodendrocyte loss and apoptosis in the absence of infiltrating lymphocytes. The present study was designed to further investigate the inflammatory profile of different regions within rapidly expanding MS lesions.MethodsTwenty‐six active lesions from 11 patients with early MS were serially sectioned and immunostained for T and B cells, plasma cells, ramified microglia, macrophages, monocytes, and CD209‐positive dendritic cells. Cell counts were compared in prephagocytic, phagocytic, and immediately postphagocytic areas.ResultsParenchymal T and B cells were largely absent in areas of initial oligodendrocyte loss and in areas of degenerate and dead myelin infiltrated by myelin phagocytes. In contrast, trailing areas of complete demyelination packed with lipid macrophages, and, in some lesions, regenerating oligodendrocytes, showed large numbers of T cells, B cells, and immunoglobulin G (IgG)‐positive plasma cells. Lesions in 2 exceptionally early cases contained relatively few T and B cells, and no IgG‐positive plasma cells.InterpretationEarly loss of oligodendrocytes is a prominent feature in tissue bordering rapidly expanding MS lesions. Macrophage activity is largely an innate scavenging response to the presence of degenerate and dead myelin. Adaptive immune activity involving T and B cells is conspicuous chiefly in recently demyelinated tissue, which may show signs of oligodendrocyte regeneration. The findings suggest that plaque formation has some basis other than destructive cell‐mediated immunity directed against a myelin or oligodendrocyte antigen. Ann Neurol 2009;66:739–753
Chemical and Physical Solutions for Hydrogen Storage
Authors: Eberle Ulrich , Felderhoff Michael , Schüth Ferdi 
Published: July 2009

AbstractHydrogen is a promising energy carrier in future energy systems. However, storage of hydrogen is a substantial challenge, especially for applications in vehicles with fuel cells that use proton‐exchange membranes (PEMs). Different methods for hydrogen storage are discussed, including high‐pressure and cryogenic‐liquid storage, adsorptive storage on high‐surface‐area adsorbents, chemical storage in metal hydrides and complex hydrides, and storage in boranes. For the latter chemical solutions, reversible options and hydrolytic release of hydrogen with off‐board regeneration are both possible. Reforming of liquid hydrogen‐containing compounds is also a possible means of hydrogen generation. The advantages and disadvantages of the different systems are compared.
PageRank for ranking authors in co‐citation networks
Authors: Ding Ying , Yan Erjia , Frazho Arthur , Caverlee James 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis paper studies how varied damping factors in the PageRank algorithm influence the ranking of authors and proposes weighted PageRank algorithms. We selected the 108 most highly cited authors in the information retrieval (IR) area from the 1970s to 2008 to form the author co‐citation network. We calculated the ranks of these 108 authors based on PageRank with the damping factor ranging from 0.05 to 0.95. In order to test the relationship between different measures, we compared PageRank and weighted PageRank results with the citation ranking, h‐index, and centrality measures. We found that in our author co‐citation network, citation rank is highly correlated with PageRank with different damping factors and also with different weighted PageRank algorithms; citation rank and PageRank are not significantly correlated with centrality measures; and h‐index rank does not significantly correlate with centrality measures but does significantly correlate with other measures. The key factors that have impact on the PageRank of authors in the author co‐citation network are being co‐cited with important authors.
Conjugated Polyelectrolytes as New Platforms for Drug Screening
Authors: An Lingling , Wang Shu 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn recent years, conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) have attracted increasing attention for their applications in highly sensitive biosensors by taking advantage of their unique optical amplification properties. In comparison to previous applications tailored for highly sensitive biomacromolecule detection, this Focus Review highlights recent research efforts in the development of water‐soluble CPEs as a new class of optical platforms for the screening of potential drugs. Three types of biological targets for the search of small‐molecule active drugs are described: nucleic acids, enzymes, and RNA–protein complexes. Future research directions for drug screening based on CPEs are also presented.
Genes related to sex steroids, neural growth, and social–emotional behavior are associated with autistic traits, empathy, and Asperger syndrome
Authors: Chakrabarti B. , Dudbridge F. , Kent L. , Wheelwright S. , Hill‐Cawthorne G. , Allison C. , Banerjee‐Basu S. , Baron‐Cohen S. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractGenetic studies of autism spectrum conditions (ASC) have mostly focused on the “low functioning” severe clinical subgroup, treating it as a rare disorder. However, ASC is now thought to be relatively common (∼1%), and representing one end of a quasi‐normal distribution of autistic traits in the general population. Here we report a study of common genetic variation in candidate genes associated with autistic traits and Asperger syndrome (AS). We tested single nucleotide polymorphisms in 68 candidate genes in three functional groups (sex steroid synthesis/transport, neural connectivity, and social–emotional responsivity) in two experiments. These were (a) an association study of relevant behavioral traits (the Empathy Quotient (EQ), the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ)) in a population sample (n=349); and (b) a case–control association study on a sample of people with AS, a “high‐functioning” subgroup of ASC (n=174). 27 genes showed a nominally significant association with autistic traits and/or ASC diagnosis. Of these, 19 genes showed nominally significant association with AQ/EQ. In the sex steroid group, this included ESR2 and CYP11B1. In the neural connectivity group, this included HOXA1, NTRK1, and NLGN4X. In the socio‐responsivity behavior group, this included MAOB, AVPR1B, and WFS1. Fourteen genes showed nominally significant association with AS. In the sex steroid group, this included CYP17A1 and CYP19A1. In the socio‐emotional behavior group, this included OXT. Six genes were nominally associated in both experiments, providing a partial replication. Eleven genes survived family wise error rate (FWER) correction using permutations across both experiments, which is greater than would be expected by chance. CYP11B1 and NTRK1 emerged as significantly associated genes in both experiments, after FWER correction (P<0.05). This is the first candidate‐gene association study of AS and of autistic traits. The most promising candidate genes require independent replication and fine mapping.
DIN 1052:2008‐12 Neue Grundlagen für Entwurf, Berechnung und Bemessung von Holzbauwerken – Teil 5 (1): Aussteifungen von Holztragwerken
Authors: Lißner Karin , Rug Wolfgang , Steinmetz Dieter 
Published: July 2009

AbstractEs werden die Grundlagen zur Aussteifung von Holztragwerken dargelegt und an Beispielen erläutert.DIN 1052:2008‐12 – New basics for design, calculation and dimensioning of timber structures, Part 5: Construction of bracing in wooden structures.Basics of bracing in wooden structures are given and amplified by several examples.