bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of intensive fishing on two cichlids (Oreochromis niloticusandAstatotilapia burtoni) in Nyangara wetland at the north end of Lake Tanganyika (D. R. Congo) with fishery management implications
Authors: Mulimbwa N'sibula , Sarvala Jouko , van der Knaap Martin 
Published: March 2010

The Nyangara wetland, also known as Laguna, in the fluvial plain of Rusizi River at the northern end of Lake Tanganyika, harbours a fish fauna which offers food and income for 500 people directly or indirectly associated with fisheries. Fishing focuses mainly on two cichlids (Oreochromis niloticus and Astatotilapia burtoni) and the marbled lungfish (Protopterus aethiopicus).Studies of population structure were based on length-frequency distributions of fish in catch samples. The size at first maturation was estimated using total length and state of gonad maturity estimated macroscopically. Minimum and maximum sizes in catches ranged from 10 to 100 mm total length in A. burtoni and from 20 to 180 mm in O. niloticus. Sizes at first maturation were 65 mm total length for female and 70 mm for male in A. burtoni and 130 mm in O. niloticus. Immature fish comprised 95 % of the catch. The majority of harvesting thus took place before the onset of maturity. In both species, the dominance of very small fish in the population structure, the reduced maximal size, and the early maturation of fish, indicated high fishing mortality.Although further studies are needed to properly understand the effects of intensive fishing on fish populations in the Nyangara wetland, the present study suggests that the fishing community would be well-advised to follow the precautionary approach and pay more attention to the numbers and types of fishing gear, and to appropriate mesh sizes to ensure successful spawning of fish. To reduce fishing pressure, alternative sources of protein should be sought, such as pond aquaculture, agriculture and animal husbandry for example.
Asymmetric Intrahousehold Allocation of Calories in China
Authors: Shimokawa Satoru 
Published: March 2010

AbstractTo analyze intrahousehold calorie allocation, we propose a new framework that takes into account asymmetric consumption behavior due to liquidity constraints and loss aversion. We find that intrahousehold calorie allocation responds asymmetrically to expected declines and increases in household food availability in China. Compared with previous studies based on symmetric consumption behavior, our framework provides stronger evidence of gender bias in intrahousehold calorie allocation among children in urban areas and among elderly people in rural areas, and of demographic bias between girls and prime‐age adults in both urban and rural areas. Implications for demographic targeting in nutrition programs are discussed.
Pathway discovery in metabolic networks by subgraph extraction
Authors: Faust Karoline , Dupont Pierre , Callut Jérôme , van Helden Jacques 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Motivation: Subgraph extraction is a powerful technique to predict pathways from biological networks and a set of query items (e.g. genes, proteins, compounds, etc.). It can be applied to a variety of different data types, such as gene expression, protein levels, operons or phylogenetic profiles. In this article, we investigate different approaches to extract relevant pathways from metabolic networks. Although these approaches have been adapted to metabolic networks, they are generic enough to be adjusted to other biological networks as well.
Results: We comparatively evaluated seven sub-network extraction approaches on 71 known metabolic pathways from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and a metabolic network obtained from MetaCyc. The best performing approach is a novel hybrid strategy, which combines a random walk-based reduction of the graph with a shortest paths-based algorithm, and which recovers the reference pathways with an accuracy of ∼77%.
Availability: Most of the presented algorithms are available as part of the network analysis tool set (NeAT). The kWalks method is released under the GPL3 license.
Contact: kfaust@ulb.ac.be
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Proximate composition and energy content of forage species from the Bay of Biscay: high- or low-quality food?
Authors: Spitz Jérôme , Mourocq Emeline , Schoen Valérie , Ridoux Vincent 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Spitz, J., Mourocq, E., Schoen, V., and Ridoux, V. 2010. Proximate composition and energy content of forage species from the Bay of Biscay: high- or low-quality food? – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 909–915. Collapses of high-energy dense concentrations of prey species induce negative effects on populations of top predators. Knowledge of prey quality appears to be crucial in ecosystem modelling and management. The aim here was to provide baseline data of forage species quality in the Bay of Biscay. Proximate composition (water, ash, protein, and lipid) and energy content have been determined to assess the quality of 78 species, including jellyfish, crustaceans, cephalopods, cartilaginous fish, and bony fish. Results show broad variations between species, with energy densities ranging from 2 to 10 kJ g−1. Lipids are the most structuring component and largely determined prey quality, and prey species are not necessarily interchangeable for the fulfilment of a predator's energy and food requirements. In ecosystem models, therefore, multispecies compartments of forage organisms would ideally be constituted using prey species of equivalent quality and hence of equivalent benefit to top predators.
Insonification orientation and its relevance for image-based classification of multibeam backscatter
Authors: McGonigle Christopher , Brown Craig J. , Quinn Rory 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
McGonigle, C., Brown, C. J., and Quinn, R. 2010. Insonification orientation and its relevance for image-based classification of multibeam backscatter. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1010–1023. The use of multibeam echosounders (MBES) for mapping benthic habitat has gained widespread acceptability. Multibeam backscatter imagery provides an objective tool for scientists and managers to chronicle the extent and condition of the benthic resource. However, there are no standardized methods describing how best to process backscatter data to derive meaningful segmentations, although several acquisition parameters have been identified as having the capacity to affect the classification result. This research attempts to determine how the orientation at which a feature is insonified can affect classification outcome using commercially available software (QTC-Multiview), and to evaluate this significance related to vessel speed as a proxy for data density. A complex 2-km2 area of Stanton Banks, UK, was selected as the test site for the study. The area was insonified using a Kongsberg Simrad EM1002 MBES at perpendicularly opposing orientations, at two different vessel speeds within the same 24-h period. The classifications displayed 53% (k = 0.396) similarity at 4 m s−1 and 49% (k = 0.342) at 2 m s−1 from opposing orientations. Common orientations at different speeds were 68% (k = 0.583) similar (east–west) and 53% (k = 0.384; north–south). Most of the variation was in topographically complex areas, which coincided with shallow depths (<60 m). Meteorological and oceanographic conditions at the time the data were collected were evaluated as having had the potential to influence the outcome of the classifications. Interpretation of the results suggests that the orientation at which insonification occurs has a greater ability to influence the classification result than vessel speed using an image-based technique.
Stochastic bioeconomic modelling of alternative management measures for anchovy in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Maravelias Christos D. , Hillary Richard , Haralabous John , Tsitsika Efthymia V. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Maravelias, C. D., Hillary, R., Haralabous, J., and Tsitsika, E. V. 2010. Stochastic bioeconomic modelling of alternative management measures for anchovy in the Mediterranean Sea. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1291–1300. The purse-seine fishery for anchovy in the Aegean Sea consists of two main fleet segments (12–24 and 24–40 m vessels); this paper investigates economically and biologically preferable effort and capacity scenarios for the fishery. Attention is paid to a bioeconomic analysis of fleets composed of segments with varying levels of efficiency (in terms of catch rate) and costs (fixed and variable) and the role this might play in optimal effort allocation at a fleet level. An age-structured stochastic bioeconomic operating model for Aegean anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) is constructed. It attempts to account robustly for the multiple uncertainties in the system, including (i) the effort–fishing mortality relationship, (ii) the selectivity, and (iii) the stock–recruit dynamics of the population. A method is proposed for determining the economically optimal level of long-term effort in a fishery such as this, with similar characteristics in terms of stock dynamics, fishery, and markets. Lower values of effort and capacity are predicted to yield greater future profit when viewing the fleet in its entirety, but even lower values may be advisable to maintain the long-term biological integrity of the stock. The results may prove useful in balancing the productivity of the stock with the harvesting capacity of the fleet, while managing to ensure the long-term profitability of the fleet along with the sustainability of the resource.
First Report of Twig Canker of Blueberry Caused by Sporocadus lichenicola (Corda) in Oregon
Authors: Serdani Maryna , Curtis Marc , Putnam Melodie L. 
Published: March 2010

To our knowledge, this is the first report of S. lichenicola causing stem cankers of blueberry in the western United States. Accepted for publication 15 December 2009. Published 15 March 2010.
First Report of Powdery Mildew of Tecoma capensis Caused by Erysiphe peruviana in North America
Authors: Glawe Dean A. , Barlow Tess , Matheron Michael E. 
Published: March 2010

Tecoma capensis (Thunb.) Lindl. (Bignoniaceae, common name: Cape honeysuckle), native to southern Africa, is grown as an ornamental plant in warm regions of the USA. The powdery mildew reported previously from T. capensis in North America was an undetermined Oidium species in Florida. The present report documents the occurrence of the powdery mildew fungus Erysiphe peruviana (Syd.) U. Braun & S. Takam. on T. capensis in Arizona. Accepted for publication 4 January 2010. Published 15 March 2010.
Study of Plastid Genome Stability in Tobacco Reveals That the Loss of Marker Genes Is More Likely by Gene Conversion Than by Recombination between 34-bp loxP Repeats
Authors: Tungsuchat-Huang Tarinee , Sinagawa-García Sugey Ramona , Paredes-López Octavio , Maliga Pal 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
In transformed tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plastids, we flank the marker genes with recombinase target sites to facilitate their posttransformation excision. The P1 phage loxP sites are identical 34-bp direct repeats, whereas the phiC31 phage attB/attP sites are 54- and 215-bp sequences with partial homology within the 54-bp region. Deletions in the plastid genome are known to occur by recombination between directly repeated sequences. Our objective was to test whether or not the marker genes may be lost by homologous recombination via the directly repeated target sites in the absence of site-specific recombinases. The sequence between the target sites was the barau gene that causes a golden-yellow (aurea) leaf color, so that the loss of the barau gene can be readily detected by the appearance of green sectors. We report here that transplastomes carrying the barau gene marker between recombinase target sites are relatively stable because no green sectors were detected in approximately 36,000 seedlings (Nt-pSS33 lines) carrying attB/attP-flanked barau gene and in approximately 38,000 seedlings (Nt-pSS42 lines) carrying loxP-flanked barau gene. Exceptions were six uniformly green plants in the Nt-pSS42-7A progeny. Sequencing the region of plastid DNA that may derive from the vector indicated that the barau gene in the six green plants was lost by gene conversion using wild-type plastid DNA as template rather than by deletion via directly repeated loxP sites. Thus, the recombinase target sites incorporated in the plastid genome for marker gene excisions are too short to mediate the loss of marker genes by homologous recombination at a measurable frequency.
MGOUN1Encodes anArabidopsisType IB DNA Topoisomerase Required in Stem Cell Regulation and to Maintain Developmentally Regulated Gene Silencing
Authors: Graf Philipp , Dolzblasz Alicja , Würschum Tobias , Lenhard Michael , Pfreundt Ulrike , Laux Thomas 
Published: March 2010

AbstractMaintenance of stem cells in the Arabidopsis thaliana shoot meristem is regulated by signals from the underlying cells of the organizing center, provided through the transcription factor WUSCHEL (WUS). Here, we report the isolation of several independent mutants of MGOUN1 (MGO1) as genetic suppressors of ectopic WUS activity and enhancers of stem cell defects in hypomorphic wus alleles. mgo1 mutants have previously been reported to result in a delayed progression of meristem cells into differentiating organ primordia (Laufs et al., 1998). Genetic analyses indicate that MGO1 functions together with WUS in stem cell maintenance at all stages of shoot and floral meristems. Synergistic interactions of mgo1 with several chromatin mutants suggest that MGO1 affects gene expression together with chromatin remodeling pathways. In addition, the expression states of developmentally regulated genes are randomly switched in mgo1 in a mitotically inheritable way, indicating that MGO1 stabilizes epigenetic states against stochastically occurring changes. Positional cloning revealed that MGO1 encodes a putative type IB topoisomerase, which in animals and yeast has been shown to be required for regulation of DNA coiling during transcription and replication. The specific developmental defects in mgo1 mutants link topoisomerase IB function in Arabidopsis to stable propagation of developmentally regulated gene expression.
High-Affinity Manganese Uptake by the Metal Transporter NRAMP1 Is Essential for Arabidopsis Growth in Low Manganese Conditions
Authors: Cailliatte Rémy , Schikora Adam , Briat Jean-François , Mari Stéphane , Curie Catherine 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
In contrast with many other essential metals, the mechanisms of Mn acquisition in higher eukaryotes are seldom studied and poorly understood. We show here that Arabidopsis thaliana relies on a high-affinity uptake system to acquire Mn from the soil in conditions of low Mn availability and that this activity is catalyzed by the divalent metal transporter NRAMP1 (for Natural Resistance Associated Macrophage Protein 1). The nramp1-1 loss-of-function mutant grows poorly, contains less Mn than the wild type, and fails to take up Mn in conditions of Mn limitation, thus demonstrating that NRAMP1 is the major high-affinity Mn transporter in Arabidopsis. Based on confocal microscopy observation of an NRAMP1-green fluorescent protein fusion, we established that NRAMP1 is localized to the plasma membrane. Consistent with its function in Mn acquisition from the soil, NRAMP1 expression is restricted to the root and stimulated by Mn deficiency. Finally, we show that NRAMP1 restores the capacity of the iron-regulated transporter1 mutant to take up iron and cobalt, indicating that NRAMP1 has a broad selectivity in vivo. The role of transporters of the NRAMP family is well established in higher eukaryotes for iron but has been controversial for Mn. This study demonstrates that NRAMP1 is a physiological manganese transporter in Arabidopsis.
The successful organisation: keeping the talent that drives your results
Authors: Leary‐Joyce Judith 
Published: March 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand the elements of a success culture that serves both people and the business.Design/methodology/approachThe paper explores the style of cultural, management and personal development that supports successful people. The research is based on in‐depth interviews with serial achievers plus long‐term experience of working in successful and failing cultures.FindingsThe research finds the five fundamentals for success, plus the seven behaviours that drive people to achieve their desired outputs. Embedding these behaviours into a business culture supports exceptional achievement. Also, developing an understanding of what drives success will ensure that companies provide appropriate individual support to their high achievers.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research could look at the specific impact of building an inspirational manager community in a business workplace on levels of company and personal success.Practical implicationsFor companies to build a consistently successful business, they need to make the best of their high achievers. This requires a strong and constructive management community, made up of people who enjoy the challenge of developing talent and have adequate levels of emotional intelligence. It also demands leaders who role‐model the importance of the success behaviours and reward creative failure as well as obvious success.Originality/valueThe new findings relate to the five fundamentals and seven success behaviours as outlined in The Psychology of Success. This information provides a new approach to success and is highly relevant to twenty‐first century business.
Profiles of effectiveness: differentiators of top performing leaders
Authors: Forgie Jennifer , DeRosa Darleen 
Published: March 2010

PurposeThe role of the leader is even more demanding, given the challenges of today's business environment. With fewer resources available for talent management initiatives, it becomes even more important to understand which competencies impact leadership effectiveness. This paper aims to address these issues.Design/methodology/approachData are collected on the effectiveness of 622 leaders across organizations. Respondents rate an “average” or “exceptional” manager's effectiveness on 46 competencies.FindingsThe study points to four key findings: (1) building trust and demonstrating accountability is the foundation for success; (2) exceptional managers, regardless of level, demonstrate competence in four core areas; (3) specific competencies are critical for success at each management level; and (4) the ability to effectively execute is the hallmark of an exceptional manager.Research limitations/implicationsObjective performance data are not available and respondents are primarily direct reports.Practical implicationsThe results have important implications for prioritizing selection, leadership development, and succession initiatives.Originality/valueThe paper is targeted to HR professionals and line managers looking to develop their team and understand the competencies that impact leadership effectiveness.
Learning transfer model: a research‐driven approach to enhancing learning effectiveness
Authors: Leimbach Michael 
Published: March 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is determine what direct evidence is available that demonstrates the tangible benefit of learning transfer activities to improve the transfer of training. Further, this research creates an application framework for implementing the most effective solutions to increase the effectiveness of human resource development initiatives.Design/methodology/approachA targeted meta‐analysis process, focused on research that compared training alone with training plus transfer activities, is used. “Difference scores”, representing the percentage of improvement the transfer activities created over training alone, are computed.FindingsResults indicate that there are 11 specific learning transfer activities showing tangible impact and evidence of effectiveness. In total, 32 studies are found that made this type of comparison. While this may be too narrow to draw specific conclusions, it provides a good basis for development of a learning transfer framework.Research limitations/implicationsThe results indicate that there is a great need for more research that directly compares training alone with training plus transfer activities.Practical implicationsNonetheless, the research may help to simplify the complex models of learning transfer presented by others and provide a framework that is more likely to be implemented than previous frameworks and theories.Originality/valueThis is the first ever effort, according to the author, to assess the direct impact of learning transfer activities on performance improvement.
The differential effects of solution‐focused and problem‐focused coaching questions: a pilot study with implications for practice
Authors: Grant Anthony M. , O'Connor Sean A. 
Published: March 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the differential effects of problem‐focused and solution‐focused coaching questions by means of a literature overview and results of an exploratory pilot study.Design/methodology/approachIn a problem‐focused coaching session 39 participants complete a range of measures assessing self‐efficacy, their understanding of a problem, positive and negative affect, and goal approach. They then respond to a number of problem‐focused coaching questions, and then complete a second set of measures. The 35 participants in a solution‐focused session complete a mirror image of the problem‐focused condition, responding to solution‐focused coaching questions, including the “Miracle Question”.FindingsBoth the problem‐focused and the solution‐focused conditions are effective at enhancing goal approach. However, the solution‐focused group experience significantly greater increases in goal approach compared with the problem‐focused group. Problem‐focused questions reduce negative affect and increase self‐efficacy but do not increase understanding of the nature of the problem or enhance positive affect. The solution‐focused approach increases positive affect, decreases negative affect, increases self‐efficacy as well as increasing participants' insight and understanding of the nature of the problem.Practical implicationsSolution‐focused coaching questions appear to be more effective than problem‐focused questions. Although real‐life coaching conversations are not solely solution‐focused or solely problem‐focused, coaches should aim for a solution‐focused theme in their coaching work, if they wish to conduct effective goal‐focused coaching sessions that develop a depth of understanding, build self‐efficacy, reduce negative affect, increase positive affect and support the process of goal attainment.Originality/valueThis is the first study to explore this issue.