bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bird dietary guild richness across latitudes, environments and biogeographic regions
Authors: Kissling W. D. , Sekercioglu Cagan H. , Jetz Walter 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTAim  To integrate dietary knowledge and species distributions in order to examine the latitudinal, environmental, and biogeographical variation in the species richness of avian dietary guilds (herbivores, granivores, frugivores, nectarivores, aerial insectivores, terrestrial/arboreal insectivores, carnivores, scavengers, and omnivores).Location  Global.Methods  We used global breeding range maps and a comprehensive dietary database of all terrestrial bird species to calculate guild species richness for grid cells at 110 × 110 km resolution. We assessed congruence of guild species richness, quantified the steepness of latitudinal gradients and examined the covariation between species richness and climate, topography, habitat diversity and biogeographic history. We evaluated the potential of current environment and biogeographic history to explain global guild distribution and compare observed richness–environment relationships with those derived from random subsets of the global species pool.Results  While most guilds (except herbivores and scavengers) showed strong congruence with overall bird richness, covariation in richness between guilds varied markedly. Guilds exhibited different peaks in species richness in geographical and multivariate environmental space, and observed richness–environment relationships mostly differed from random expectations. Latitudinal gradients in species richness were steepest for terrestrial/arboreal insectivores, intermediate for frugivores, granivores and carnivores, and shallower for all other guilds. Actual evapotranspiration emerged as the strongest climatic predictor for frugivores and insectivores, seasonality for nectarivores, and temperature for herbivores and scavengers (with opposite direction of temperature effect). Differences in species richness between biogeographic regions were strongest for frugivores and nectarivores and were evident for nectarivores, omnivores and scavengers when present‐day environment was statistically controlled for. Guild richness–environment relationships also varied between regions.Main conclusions  Global associations of bird species richness with environmental and biogeographic variables show pronounced differences between guilds. Geographic patterns of bird diversity might thus result from several processes including evolutionary innovations in dietary preferences and environmental constraints on the distribution and diversification of food resources.
Insights into the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) as a discrimination measure in species distribution modelling
Authors: Jiménez‐Valverde Alberto 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTAim  The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) is a widely used statistic for assessing the discriminatory capacity of species distribution models. Here, I used simulated data to examine the interdependence of the AUC and classical discrimination measures (sensitivity and specificity) derived for the application of a threshold. I shall further exemplify with simulated data the implications of using the AUC to evaluate potential versus realized distribution models.Innovation  After applying the threshold that makes sensitivity and specificity equal, a strong relationship between the AUC and these two measures was found. This result is corroborated with real data. On the other hand, the AUC penalizes the models that estimate potential distributions (the regions where the species could survive and reproduce due to the existence of suitable environmental conditions), and favours those that estimate realized distributions (the regions where the species actually lives).Main conclusions  Firstly, the independence of the AUC from the threshold selection may be irrelevant in practice. This result also emphasizes the fact that the AUC assumes nothing about the relative costs of errors of omission and commission. However, in most real situations this premise may not be optimal. Measures derived from a contingency table for different cost ratio scenarios, together with the ROC curve, may be more informative than reporting just a single AUC value. Secondly, the AUC is only truly informative when there are true instances of absence available and the objective is the estimation of the realized distribution. When the potential distribution is the goal of the research, the AUC is not an appropriate performance measure because the weight of commission errors is much lower than that of omission errors.
Cross‐cultural validation of factor structure in the Japanese Counselor Burnout Inventory
Authors: YAGI DARRYL TAKIZO , LEE JAYOUNG , PUIG ANA , LEE SANG MIN 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis article describes the cross‐cultural validation of the Counselor Burnout Inventory (CBI; Lee, Baker, Cho, Heckathorn, Holland, Newgent, Ogle, Powell, Quinn, Wallace & Yu, 2007) on a sample of professional counselors and psychotherapists in Japan. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to examine the validity of the CBI with three models: a one‐factor model, a five‐factor model, and a second‐order model. The results showed that the five‐factor model was a better fit and more parsimonious than both the one‐factor model and the second‐order factor model. Additionally, the internal consistency reliability for the CBI subscale scores proved equivalent to that found for other populations (e.g. American and Korean). The results suggest that counselor burnout is not a unidimensional construct but a multidimensional construct. Implications and recommendations for future research are provided.
The Story of the Texas Pain Society: Formation and Function of a Regional Pain Society
Authors: Raj P. Prithvi , Hill C. Stratton , Racz Gabor , Heavner James , Grabois Martin , Neill Lynn , Willis William , Schade C. M. , Rashbaum Ralph , Calodney Aaron , Burton Allen W. , Somerville Judson 
Published: May 2011

Abstract:  The idea of forming a Texas Pain Society came to the Founders in 1987 due to disparity and deficiencies in the practice of pain management in the United States and, in particular, the State of Texas. The Founders considered very carefully the implication of forming such a society. They diligently mapped out the mission and goals of the Texas Pain Society in those early formative years. This report is the history of Texas Pain Society as the activities unfolded from 1989 to 2011.The reader may question why there is a need to tell such a story. We believe strongly that, with disparities of standards of practice in pain medicine and poor recognition of advances in pain management, this scenario is quite common in many states and countries. The practitioners of pain management in these regions certainly must have considered getting together and forming a consensus on the standards of practice in their communities. This historical report of the Texas Pain Society provides the relevant information necessary and the efforts to be made for a society’s mission to achieve its goals and have an ongoing impact in its own region. We hope that we have shed some light on a process for the formation of a regional pain society such as ours. ▪
Are All Inside Directors the Same? Evidence from the External Directorship Market
Authors: MASULIS RONALD W. , MOBBS SHAWN 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTAgency theory and optimal contracting theory posit opposing roles and shareholder wealth effects for corporate inside directors. We evaluate these theories using the market for outside directorships to differentiate among inside directors. Firms with inside directors holding outside directorships have better operating performance and market‐to‐book ratios, especially when monitoring is more difficult. These firms make better acquisition decisions, have greater cash holdings, and overstate earnings less often. Announcements of outside board appointments improve shareholder wealth, while departure announcements reduce it, consistent with these inside directors improving board performance and outside directorships being an important source of inside director incentives.
Operating time and blood loss during laparoscopic‐assisted vaginal hysterectomy with in situ morcellation
Authors: CHOU LI‐YUN , SHEU BOR‐CHING , CHANG DAW‐YUAN , CHEN SZU‐YU , HUANG SU‐CHENG , HSU WEN‐CHIUNG , CHANG WEN‐CHUN 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjective. To develop a regression‐based prediction equation for operative time and estimated blood loss in laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) for large uteri, as required, by combined laparoscopic in situ and vaginal morcellation. Design. Prospective study (Canadian Task Force classification II‐1). Setting. University‐affiliated hospitals. Sample. Fifty‐six patients who underwent LAVH. Methods. Evaluation of all patients who had LAVH with laparoscopic in situ morcellation and vaginal morcellation during a 2‐year period. Main outcome measures. Operative time, estimated blood loss, total uterine weight by laparoscopic or vaginal morcellation, complications and length of hospital stay. Results. Mean operative time was 133 ± 22 minutes, and mean blood loss 133 ± 101ml. Mean uterine weight was 383 ± 187g by laparoscopic and 251 ± 103g by vaginal morcellation. Greater total uterine weight and morcellation were associated with longer operative times. Blood loss correlated with uterine weight when vaginal morcellation was also used. A regression equation is presented for estimating the likely operating time and blood loss. Conclusions. An increase in the operative time and a higher blood loss can be expected as the uterine weight increases and can be predicted taking morcellation methods into account.
Breastfeeding and long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acid intake in the first 4 post‐natal months and infant cognitive development: an observational study
Authors: Keim Sarah A. , Daniels Julie L. , Siega‐Riz Anna Maria , Herring Amy H. , Dole Nancy , Scheidt Peter C. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine infant feeding and the long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) concentration of breast milk and formulas in relation to infant development. The prospective Pregnancy, Infection and Nutrition Study (n = 358) collected data on breastfeeding, breast milk samples and the formulas fed through 4 months post‐partum. At 12 months of age, infants' development was assessed (Mullen Scales of Early Learning). Linear regression was used to examine development in relation to breastfeeding, breast milk docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) concentration, and DHA and AA concentration from the combination of breast milk and formula. The median breast milk DHA concentration was 0.20% of total fatty acids [interquartile range (IQR) = 0.14, 0.34]; median AA concentration was 0.52% (IQR = 0.44, 0.63). Upon adjustment for preterm birth, sex, smoking, race and ethnicity and education, breastfeeding exclusivity was unrelated to development. Among infants exclusively breastfed, breast milk LCPUFA concentration was not associated with development (Mullen composite, DHA: adjusted β = −1.3, 95% confidence interval: −10.3, 7.7). Variables combining DHA and AA concentrations from breast milk and formula, weighted by their contribution to diet, were unassociated with development. We found no evidence of enhanced infant development related to the LCPUFA content of breast milk or formula consumed during the first four post‐natal months.
Zygomatic implant‐retained fixed complete denture for an elderly patient
Authors: Baig Mirza Rustum , Rajan Gunaseelan , Yunus Norsiah 
Published: May 2011

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2010.00433.x

Zygomatic implant‐retained fixed complete denture for an elderly patientDental rehabilitation of a completely edentulous geriatric patient has always been a challenge to the clinician, especially in treating those with higher expectations and demands. Treatment duration and the amount of residual alveolar bone available are often important considerations when planning for dental implant‐based fixed treatment for these patients. With the introduction of zygomatic implants, a graftless alternative solution has emerged for deficient maxillary bone with provision for immediate loading. This article describes the treatment of a completely edentulous elderly patient using zygomatic implants in conjunction with conventional implants. The implants were immediately loaded using a definitive acrylic resin fixed denture reinforced with a cast metal framework, to provide function and aesthetics.
Effectiveness of Edible Coatings Combined with Mild Heat Shocks on Microbial Spoilage and Sensory Quality of Fresh Cut Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.)
Authors: Moreira María del R. , Ponce Alejandra , Ansorena R. , Roura Sara I. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract:  The use of edible coatings and mild heat shocks is proposed as postharvest treatments to prevent microbial deterioration of refrigerated broccoli. Minimally processed broccoli was coated with either chitosan or carboxymethyl‐cellulose (CMC) combined or not with a previous application of a mild heat shock. The evolution of microbial populations (mesophilic, psycrotrophic, Enterobacteriaceae, molds and yeast, and lactic acid bacteria) was studied during 20 d of storage and fitted to Gompertz and logistic models. Results revealed that, at the end of the storage, chitosan coating significantly reduced all microbiological population counts, except lactic acid bacteria; while higher reduction was observed with chitosan coating combined with a heat shock treatment. A significant delay at the beginning of the exponential phase was observed for all the bacterial populations analyzed. On the other hand, CMC coating, with and without a previous thermal treatment, did not exert any antibacterial effect. Excellent agreement was found between experimental microbial counts and predicted values obtained from Gompertz and logistic models. Kinetic modeling was found to be valuable for prediction of microbiological shelf life of broccoli during storage. Results showed that the application of chitosan coating effectively maintained microbiological quality and extended shelf life of minimally processed broccoli. According to these results, the use of the edible chitosan coating alone or in combination with a heat mild shock appear to be a viable alternative for controlling microbiological growth and sensory attributes in minimally processed broccoli.Practical Application:  The continuous consumer interest in high quality and food safety, combined with environmental concern has induced to the development and study of edible coatings that avoid the use of synthetic materials. The edible coatings, formed from generally recognized as safe materials, have the potential to reduce weight loss, respiration rate, and improve food appearance and integrity. It is one of the most effective methods to maintain food quality. On the other hand, heat treatments have been demonstrated to be effective as a nonchemical means of improving postharvest quality for a variety of horticultural products. The applications of mild heat shocks combined with edible coatings constitute an alternative for the natural preservation of crops for which the use of synthetic chemicals is objectionable.
Equine hospital data as a source for study of prevalence and heritability of osteochondrosis and palmar/plantar osseous fragments of Swedish Warmblood horses
Authors: JÖNSSON L. , DALIN G. , EGENVALL A. , NÄSHOLM A. , ROEPSTORFF L. , PHILIPSSON J. 
Published: May 2011

SummaryReasons for performing study:Disturbances in skeletal development, primarily osteochondrosis (OC) and palmar/plantar osseous fragments (POF), have been commonly reported as problems in young horses. However, there are few reports of such findings for epidemiological analyses or breeding purposes.Objectives:To evaluate equine hospital data as a possible source of information for genetic evaluations by estimating prevalence and heritability of OC in the stifle, hock and fetlock joints and of POF in the fetlock.Methods:Data on Swedish Warmblood (SWB) horses were obtained from a large equine hospital in south Sweden. Prevalences were based on radiographic examinations of 879 screened horses, mainly evaluated as part of a prepurchase examination and 3639 horses with a reported history of orthopaedic problems. For the heritability study the 2 data sources were pooled and 3199 examined horses with pedigree information were considered for the linear animal model analyses.Results:The overall prevalence of OC was 13% (stifle 9%, hock 6% and dorsal osseous fragments in fetlock [DOF] 10%) and POF 10%. The overall heritability of OC was 0.05 on the visible binomial scale. The corresponding heritabilities for OC in the stifle were 0.03, hock 0.08, DOF 0.10 and POF 0.13. These values correspond to heritabilities of 0.09–0.38 on the underlying quantitative scale.Conclusions and potential relevance:Obtained prevalences and heritabilities were in accordance with other studies, supporting the hypothesis that data regularly obtained from equine hospitals may be a valuable source in studies of inherited disorders such as OC and POF. There is a need for more standardised documentation of diagnoses and consistent recording of identity of examined horses using passports or breed databases. Compilation of results from major clinics is desired in order to cover most progenies of stallions used in a region or nation.
Fifty years of the British Equine Veterinary Association as a facilitator of progress in equine clinical science
Authors: SILVER I. A. , JEFFCOTT L. B. , ROSSDALE P. D. 
Published: May 2011

SummaryThe British Equine Veterinary Association (BEVA) was established in 1961 and launched theEquine Veterinary Journal(EVJ) in 1968. This review outlines some of the major advances in equine science and practice that have occurred in that time and the role played by the Journal in facilitating those developments.
Quadratus lumborum asymmetry is not isolated to the dominant side in junior cricket fast bowlers
Authors: Kountouris Alex , Portus Marc , Cook Jill 
Published: May 2011

Background and aimBowling-side quadratus lumborum (QL) asymmetries have been previously reported on the dominant side in junior cricket fast bowlers using MRI. The aim of this study was to investigate QL asymmetry when measuring with two different methods; first using a small number of images with clear muscle borders and second using a larger number of images with less strict inclusion criteria.MethodsMRI was performed on 38 junior (14.9 years) cricket fast bowlers prior to the start of a cricket season. Each MR image slice was evaluated to determine whether the QL muscle contour was visible and was assigned an image-quality rating for inclusion in the study. The cross-sectional area of each included QL image was measured and compared with the corresponding image on the other side of the spine to determine side-to-side difference (asymmetries).ResultsUsing the main method of including only high-quality MR images, 25% of MR images, where QL was in the field of view, met the inclusion criteria. The mean QL asymmetry was 13%, while 55% of participants had asymmetries greater than 10%. There was no significant difference in the number of participants with dominant and non-dominant side QL asymmetry. However, there was a significant difference in the magnitude of asymmetry between the dominant side (10.5%) and non-dominant (16.4%) asymmetries. The intraclass correlation coefficient for repeated measurements of QL asymmetry for randomly selected images (18%) was excellent (ICC 0.966, 95% CI 0.89 to 0.99). Using the second measurement method, with less strict inclusion criteria for MR images, similar results on the distribution of QL asymmetry were found.ConclusionContrary to previous research, this study demonstrated that there was a similar distribution of QL asymmetry between the dominant and non-dominant side. The presence of only dominant side asymmetry must therefore be questioned.
The criminal justice system's considerations of so-called near-virtual autopsies: the East Midlands experience
Authors: Jeffery A , Raj V , Morgan B , West K , Rutty G N 
Published: May 2011

BackgroundWhile several research groups champion the potential for postmortem CT (PMCT) to replace the invasive postmortem (PM), many questions still remain.AimsPerhaps the two most important questions are whether PMCT can provide the same level of information as an invasive PM, and arguably more importantly, can it meet the needs of the end users of the PM report. Through a comparative analysis of invasive post-mortem and CT findings and a questionnaire based qualitative thematic analysis, the authors have sought to answer these questions.Results and ConclusionHere, the authors show that PMCT is good at providing accurate causes of death and that the interpretation of cases is not significantly altered by the absence of histology. The authors show that in straightforward trauma deaths such as road traffic incidents, there exists the potential for the replacement of the invasive PM by PMCT examination. However, as yet, PMCT cannot provide all of the information that is expected by the criminal justice system in complex forensic cases.
Global DNA hypomethylation is an early event inHelicobacter pylori-related gastric carcinogenesis
Authors: Compare Debora , Rocco Alba , Liguori Eleonora , D'Armiento Francesco Paolo , Persico Giovanni , Masone Stefania , Coppola-Bottazzi Enrico , Suriani Renzo , Romano Marco , Nardone Gerardo 
Published: May 2011

AimCancer, particularly gastric cancer (GC), is prevalently an epigenetic phenomenon that is dependent on an altered DNA methylation pattern. In gastric carcinogenesis, many genes show aberrant methylation; however, none of them may be used as a biomarker of cancer risk and progression. The authors aimed to evaluate the global DNA methylation of gastric mucosa inHelicobacter pylori(Hp)-related chronic gastritis, in GC and in 10 patients with preneoplastic lesions (ie, atrophy and intestinal metaplasia) followed up for 10 years.MethodsThe authors analysed 93 dyspeptic patients who underwent upper endoscopy, 41 surgical GC samples and 10 patients with preneoplastic gastric lesions followed up for 10 years after successfulHperadication therapy. Global DNA methylation status and surrogate markers of cell proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated by immunohistochemistry using the anti-5-methylcytosine (5-MC), anti-Ki-67 and anti-p53 (anti-apoptotic marker)-specific antibodies, respectively.ResultsGlobal DNA methylation of gastric mucosa gradually decreased from normal mucosa toHp-positive gastritis,Hp-positive chronic atrophic gastritis, independent of Cag-A status and GC; however, the variation was significant (p<0.05) only betweenHp-negative subjects andHp-positive chronic gastritis. Interestingly, the 5-MC immunostaining was absent in areas of intestinal metaplasia. In the 10 patients with preneoplastic lesions, global DNA methylation decreased over time despite the eradication ofHpinfection, but reached significance only at 10 years versus baseline. The 5-MC immunostaining negatively correlated with Ki-67 and p53 expression in all groups.ConclusionGlobal DNA hypomethylation is an early molecular event inHp-related gastric carcinogenesis. Further studies with more cases and a longer follow-up are needed to establish the potential GC predictive role of DNA hypomethylation.