bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐Performance SiC/Graphene UV‐Visible Band Photodetectors with Grating Structure and Asymmetrical Electrodes for Optoelectronic Logic Gate
Authors: Zhang Zeyang , Sun Cunzhi , Zhu Baihong , Chen Jiadong , Fu Zhao , Li Zihao , Wu Shaoxiong , Zhang Yuning , Cai Jiafa , Hong Rongdun , Lin Dingqu , Fu Deyi , Wu Zhengyun , Chen Xiaping , Zhang Feng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHigh‐quality epitaxial graphene is prepared on semi‐insulated 4H‐SiC (0001) by ultra‐high vacuum thermal decomposition method and used in graphene/SiC/graphene ultraviolet‐visible dual‐band photodetectors. The dual‐band detector exhibits an extremely low dark current (5.2 × 10−14 A) and a peak responsivity of 1.17 A W−1 corresponding to an external quantum efficiency of 518%. A high detectivity of 3.14 × 1014 Jones is achieved under 280 nm light illumination at 30 V, while a high response speed is obtained with a rise time of 25.17 ns and a decay time of 540.10 ns. The detector shows a responsivity of 1.4 × 10−5 A W−1 and a detectivity of 6.5 × 109 Jones under 430 nm light illumination. The dual‐band detector equipped with SiC grating and asymmetrical graphene electrodes is demonstrated for high‐performance optoelectronic logic “AND” gate with high detectivity at 280 and 430 nm.
Electro‐Induced Self‐Reduction TiO2 in Viologen‐Based Ionogels for Multi‐Color Electrochromic Displays
Authors: Fang Rui , Bai Zhiyuan , Wu Xilu , Fan Qingchao , Bao Bingwei , Hou Chengyi , Zhang Qinghong , Li Yaogang , Li Kerui , Wang Hongzhi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractReflective electrochromic (EC) technology is expected to e‐paper display field, and integrating optical reflective electrolyte as the optical reflective layer is a common strategy for constructing reflective EC devices. Compositing inorganic particles and electrolytes is one of the simplest and most efficient composite methods, but these composite electrolytes usually cannot perform well together in terms of both optical and electrochemical properties. Herein, the TiO2 nanoparticles are added to the ethyl viologen‐based ionogel (T‐EVG, one typical kind of EC/electrolyte) to have the highest visible light reflectivity and the best electrochemical performance compared with SiO2, Al2O3, and ZnO nanoparticles, which is attributed to the electro‐induced self‐reduction TiO2 produced in T‐EVG during EC cycling. Meanwhile, the corresponding EC devices can display red, green, and blue, and have high optical contrast (CIE Lab: ΔE>38), fast switching spend (<4 s, the fastest is 5 Hz), ultra‐low power density (<4.0 mW cm−2), and excellent cycling stability (>85% retained after 10 000 cycles). Finally, a simple 3×3 pixelated EC display array is prepared, and single‐ and multi‐point (including diagonal points) multi‐color display effects are realized through active‐matrix driving and high‐frequency refresh, demonstrating its application value in the high‐performance e‐paper display.
Improving the Performance of Cooling and Entanglement in a Double Cavity Optomechanical System Assisted by the Quantum Coherent Feedback
Authors: Chen Yuan , Chen Ai‐Xi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA theoretical scheme is proposed for improving the performance of cooling and entanglement, where the physical model is based on a double cavity optomechanical system assisted by the field‐mediated coherent feedback. The cooling performance is evaluated by calculating the final mean phonon number. The steady‐state bipartite entanglement between the optical mode and mechanical mode is measured by the logarithmic negativity. The result manifests that with assistance of the quantum coherent feedback, the mechanical resonator (MR) can be cooled close to its quantum ground state and the steady‐state optomechanical entanglement is simultaneously created, all of which are obtained under the condition beyond the resolved sideband. The presented feedback strategy is measurement‐independent, which can effectively preserve the quantum coherence of system. The scheme is conducive to relaxing the current experimental condition and it may provide a new path for the optomechanical manipulation involving the low‐frequency MR.
Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Using Metastable Zirconium Suboxide
Authors: Hu Huashuai , Xu Zhihang , Zhang Zhaorui , Yan Xiaohui , Zhu Ye , Attfield J. Paul , Yang Minghui 
Published: May 2024

AbstractStrategies for discovery of high‐performance electrocatalysts are important to advance clean energy technologies. Metastable phases such as low temperature or interfacial structures that are difficult to access in bulk may offer such catalytically active surfaces. We report here that the suboxide Zr3O, which is formed at Zr−ZrO2 interfaces but does not appear in the experimental Zr−O phase diagram exhibits outstanding oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance surpassing that of benchmark Pt/C and most transition metal‐based catalysts. Addition of Fe3C nanoparticles to give a Zr−Zr3O−Fe3C/NC catalyst (NC=nitrogen‐doped carbon) gives a half‐wave potential (E1/2) of 0.914 V, outperforming Pt/C and showing only a 3 mV decrease after 20,000 electrochemical cycles. A zinc‐air battery (ZAB) using this cathode material has a high power density of 241.1 mW cm−2 and remains stable for over 50 days of continuous cycling, demonstrating potential for practical applications. Zr3O demonstrates that interfacial or other phases that are difficult to stabilize may offer new directions for the discovery of high‐performance electrocatalysts.
Nichtkovalente Organokatalyse mit Halogen‐, Chalkogen‐, Pniktogen‐ und Tetrelbrücken: neuere Entwicklungen
Authors: Jovanovic Dragana , Poliyodath Mohanan Meghana , Huber Stefan M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDie Anwendung nichtkovalenter Wechselwirkungen, welche auf elektrophilen Halogen‐, Chalkogen‐, Pniktogen‐ oder Tetrelzentren beruhen, hat in der Organokatalyse deutlich an Aufmerksamkeit gewonnen. Wir geben hier einen Überblick über die wichtigsten Entwicklungen der letzten Jahre, mit einem Fokus auf experimentellen Studien und auf Katalysatoren, die über nicht‐transiente derartige Welchselwirkungen agieren.
Light‐Dependent Reactivity of Heavy Pnictogen Double Bonds
Authors: Meleschko Daniel , Palui Prasenjit , Gomila Rosa M. , Schnakenburg Gregor , Filippou Alexander C. , Frontera Antonio , Bismuto Alessandro 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe chemistry of light dipnictenes has been widely investigated in the last century with remarkable achievements especially for azobenzene derivatives. In contrast, distibenes and dibismuthenes are relatively rare and show very limited reactivity. Herein, we have designed a protocol using visible light to enhance the reactivity of heavy dipnictenes. Exploiting the distinctive π–π* transition, we have been able to isolate unique examples of dipnictene‐cobalt complexes. The reactivity of the distibene complex was further exploited using red light in the presence of a diazoolefin to access an unusual four‐membered bicyclo[1.1.0]butane analog, containing only a single carbon atom. These findings set the bases to a conceptually new strategy in heavy element double bonds chemistry where visible light is at the front seat of bond activation.
Leveraging Electron Push‐Pull Effect for Catalytic Polymerization and Degradation of a Cyclobutane Monomer System
Authors: Xie Teng , Chen Shu‐Sen , Li Yang‐Yang , Chen Dian‐Feng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRing‐opening polymerization (ROP) offers a striking solution to solve problems encountered in step‐growth condensation polymerization, including precise control over molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, and topology. This has inspired our interest in ROP of cycloalkanes with an ultimate goal to rethink polyolefins, which clearly poses a number of challenges. Practicality of ROP of cycloalkanes is actually limited by their low polymerizability and elusive mechanisms which arise from significantly varied ring size and non‐polar C−C bonds in monomers. In this work, by using Lewis acid/Brønsted base/C(sp3)‐H initiator system previously developed in our laboratory, we focus on cyclobutanes and explore the positional and electronic effects of substituents on the ring, namely electron push‐pull effect, in promoting controlled polymerization to afford densely functionalized poly(cyclobutanes), as well as catalytic degradation of obtained polymers for upcycling. More importantly, experiments and DFT calculations unveil considerable population of Lewis‐acid‐induced thermostabilized 1,4‐zwitterions, which distinguish cyclobutanes from cyclopropanes and others. All these findings would shed light on catalytic synthesis and degradation of saturated all‐carbon main‐chain polymers, as well as small molecule transformations of cyclobutanes.
Direct α‐Hydroxy Acid Loading onto a Bacterial Thiotemplate Assembly Line via a Multienzyme Gateway
Authors: Fiedler Jonas , Trottmann Felix , Ishida Keishi , Ishida‐Ito Mie , Hertweck Christian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractVarious nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) create structural and functional diversity by incorporating α‐hydroxy acids into peptide backbones. Trigonic acid, an unusual cyclopropanol‐substituted hydroxy acid, is the source of the molecular warhead of malleicyprol, a critical virulence factor of human and animal pathogens of the Burkholderia pseudomallei (BP) group. The process of selecting and loading this building block remained enigmatic as the NRPS module designated for this task is incomplete. Using a combination of bioinformatics, mutational analyses, targeted metabolomics, and in vitro biochemical assays, we show that two trans‐acting enzymes are required to load this central building block onto the modular assembly line. An adenylation‐thiolation didomain enzyme (BurJ) activates trigonic acid, followed by the translocation of the enzyme‐bound α‐hydroxy acid thioester by an FkbH‐like protein with a mutated phosphatase domain (BurH). This specialized gateway is the first reported direct loading of an α‐hydroxy acid onto a bona fide NRPS module in bacteria and expands the synthetic biology toolbox for the site‐specific incorporation of non‐canonical building blocks. Moreover, insight into the biochemical basis of virulence factor biosynthesis can provide a foundation for developing enzyme inhibitors as anti‐virulence therapeutics against BP pathogen infections.
Thickness‐Driven Synthesis and Applications of Covalent Organic Framework Nanosheets
Authors: Koner Kalipada , Sasmal Himadri Sekhar , Shetty Dinesh , Banerjee Rahul 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) are two‐dimensional, crystalline porous framework materials with numerous scopes for tunability, such as porosity, functionality, stability and aspect ratio (thickness to length ratio). The manipulation of π‐stacking in COFs results in truly 2D materials, namely covalent organic nanosheets (CONs), adds advantages in many applications. In this Minireview, we have discussed both top‐down (COFs→CONs) and bottom‐up (molecules→CONs) approaches with precise information on thickness and lateral growth. We have showcased the research progress on CONs in a few selected applications, such as batteries, catalysis, sensing and biomedical applications. This Minireview specifically highlights the reports where the authors compare the performance of CONs with COFs by demonstrating the impact of the thickness and lateral growth of the nanosheets. We have also provided the possible scope of exploration of CONs research in terms of inter‐dimensional conversion, such as graphene to carbon nanotube and future technologies.
Hexabenzoheptacene: A Longitudinally Multihelicene Nanocarbon with Local Aromaticity and Enhanced Stability
Authors: Liu Xinyue , Jin Zhengxiong , Qiu Fei , Guo Yupeng , Chen Yan , Sun Zhe , Zhang Lei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe report the synthesis of a longitudinally helical molecular nanocarbon, hexabenzoheptacene (HBH), along with its dimethylated derivative (HBH‐Me), which are composed of six benzene rings periodically benzannulated to both zigzag edges of a heptacene core. This benzannulation pattern endows the resulting nanocarbons with a helical heptacene core and local aromaticity, imparting enhanced solubility and stability to the system. The chiral HBH‐Me adopts a more highly twisted conformation with an end‐to‐end twist angle of 95°, enabling the separation of the enantiomers. Both HBH and HBH‐Me can be facilely oxidized into their corresponding dications, which exhibit enhanced planarity and aromaticity upon loss of electrons. Notably, both longitudinally helical nanocarbons readily promote solid state packing into two‐dimensional (2D) arrangement. Single‐crystal microbelts of HBH‐Me show hole mobility up to 0.62 cm2 V−1 s−1, illustrating the promising potential of these longitudinally helical molecules for organic electronic devices.
Natural shorelines support greater diversity and abundances of fishes than armoured shores along Chicago's waterways
Authors: Happel A. , Lederman N. , Snyder C. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Shoreline armouring is one of the most ubiquitous alterations to aquatic systems globally. Armouring and hardening to prevent erosion and maintain land uses reduce or eliminate habitat complexity that softer and more natural, vegetated shorelines offer. The effects that shoreline armouring has had on biodiversity of coastal and estuarine communities are well studied, while studies in freshwater systems remain sparse.
Data collected during a large‐scale long‐term fish survey with high spatial resolution from the Invasive Carp Regional Coordinating Committee's Monitoring and Response Work Group were re‐analysed to assess the effects that bulkhead versus natural shorelines have on fish diversity and abundance. Lengths of bulkhead, natural and riprap shoreline were calculated within 300 m of each sampling location, which occur every 100 m throughout the Chicago Area Waterway System. Water depths of each sampling location were also classified into deep (>6 m), mid‐range (4–6 m) or shallow (<4 m) to account for potential variations in gear efficiencies.
Fish species richness and abundance increased with increasing proportions of natural shoreline, which can be contrasted with stronger (i.e., steeper slope) decreases as proportions of bulkhead shorelines increased.
The results show strong evidence for the negative effects of shoreline armouring of freshwater ecosystems and are consistent with those shown in coastal ecosystems studies. As cities continue to encroach on freshwater systems, greater emphasis on maintaining natural riparian shorelines and ecoengineering hardscapes will increasingly be important for freshwater conservation.
Animal sentience: The science and its implications, with particular reference to farmed animals
Authors: D’Silva Joyce , Dalton Hillary , Boyland Natasha K. , Turner Jacky 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThere is an increasing amount of scientific research into animal sentience. Many scientists are studying the cognitive, emotional, and communicative capacities of a range of animals. The results of this research have led to a number of legal recognitions of the sentience of a range of animals. In 1997, the European Union (EU) gave legal recognition to the sentience of animals and updated and elevated this recognition in the Treaty of Lisbon. Other countries and states as well as the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH, formerly OIE) have followed it. Scientists are increasingly acknowledging that sentience and emotion have arisen in a wide range of species. Research now emphasizes that there is an extraordinary variation in how different animal species (such as mammals, birds, fish, or insects) perceive the world and their environment. This paper looks at the sentience of the main farmed land and aquatic animals and the implications of this for how such animals are bred and housed. The paper concludes that intensive farming systems deprive animals of opportunities for positive emotions, such as play, exploration, social interaction, and feeding to satiation, and stops them from satisfying naturally motivated behaviors. To truly respect animal sentience, production systems should be designed with the animal's characteristics and needs in mind. The authors conclude that regenerative, agroecological, or organic farming systems better protect and respect the sentience of animals leading to less suffering and more opportunities for positive experiences.
Endogenous mRNA‐Driven “One‐To‐More” Signal Amplification of DNA Probe for Intracellular miR155 Sensing
Authors: Zhong Yan , Li Bo , Xin Hui , Wang Chunyan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe detection of specific intracellular microRNAs could be potentially helpful in understanding the underlying mechanisms of cancer metastasis and invasion. MiRNAs are usually present in lower expression levels, especially in early stage of cancer. Here, we proposed a “one‐to‐more” amplification strategy for miRNA imaging, by virtue of DNA strand displacements with dual‐amplification. This approach involves leveraging high‐abundance endogenous mRNA as fuel strand to drive cascade reactions between DNA strands for amplification, enabling the monitoring of low‐abundance intracellular microRNA155. Notably, in comparison to the traditional “one‐to‐one” signal triggering mode, our “one‐to‐more” amplification strategy led to a remarkable 11.8‐fold increase in fluorescence signal. Our approach not only demonstrates a high sensitivity and specificity in detecting miR155, but also allows for discrimination of miR155 expression levels in different cell lines. With the advantages of intracellular signal amplification and reduced background signal, this approach holds substantial potential in the early diagnosis of cancer.
Narrowing the photoluminescence bandwidth of InP‐based colloidal quantum dots through photon‐triggered isolation
Authors: Kwon Hyekyeong , Cheong Byeong‐Seo , Bang Jiwon 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe optimization of photoluminescence (PL) spectral bandwidths in InP‐based colloidal quantum dots (QDs) faces limitations with traditional synthetic methods. This study introduces a novel approach utilizing light‐induced thiolate ligand detachment to selectively precipitate QDs within an ensemble, triggered by photons whose energy matches the red tail of the band‐edge absorption peak. We demonstrate that incorporating benzoquinone as an electron acceptor under inert conditions crucially enhances the efficiency of photoexcited hole‐induced ligand detachment. Through careful optimization of laser exposure conditions, we successfully narrowed the PL bandwidth of InP/ZnSe/ZnS QDs from 39 to 35 nm. Our findings offer significant insights into the development of high‐performance QD‐based displays, promising advancements in color purity.
Novel alleles of MFT‐A and MFT‐B1 appear to impact wheat preharvest sprouting in Triticum aestivum and Triticum turgidum ssp. durum
Authors: Tillett Brandon J. , Vetch Justin M. , Martin John M. , Giroux Michael J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPreharvest sprouting (PHS) is the premature germination of seeds, which is often caused by late‐season rains after seeds reach physiological maturity. PHS negatively impacts grain yield and end‐use quality. Previous studies in spring bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) and durum wheat (Triticum turgidum) have identified that some mutations in the mother of FT and TFL1 gene (MFT) coding sequence decrease seed dormancy and increase wheat PHS.FindingsHere, we report two novel alleles for the MFT‐A and two novel alleles for the MFT‐B1 homologs in spring bread wheat and durum wheat.ConclusionsA haplotype analysis suggests that TaMFT‐3A1b (OQ729929), TaMFT‐3B1b (OQ729932) and TdMFT‐3B1b (OQ729937) increase PHS susceptibility. It is expected that functional copies of MFT promote seed dormancy. Variant analysis of the novel MFT‐A and MFT‐B1 alleles in both spring and durum wheat suggest impairment of protein function, therefore a negative impact on seed dormancy.Significance and Novelty: Previously unassessed durum wheat varieties were examined for PHS susceptibility. The information in this study can serve as a resource for spring and durum wheat breeders to make selections for alleles of MFT that impact susceptibility to PHS.
A comprehensive tutorial on Data‐Driven SIMCA: Theory and implementation in web
Authors: Kucheryavskiy Sergey , Rodionova Oxana , Pomerantsev Alexey 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe aim of this paper is twofold. First, it serves as a comprehensive tutorial on Data‐Driven Soft Independent Modelling of Class Analogy (SIMCA) (DD‐SIMCA) method for one‐class classification. It covers all practical aspects of developing, validation, and application of DD‐SIMCA models, using a set of simple examples. Second, it introduces web application that implements the main DD‐SIMCA functionality. This application is freely available for everyone and does not require registration or installation. All calculations run locally in a browser without sending any information on a server, hence removing any obstacles to the dissemination of the data and models.
Mechanochemical Regioselective [3+3] Annulation of 6‐Amino Uracil with Propargyl Alcohols Catalyzed by a Brønsted Acid/Hexafluoroisopropanol
Authors: Yaragorla Srinivasarao , Sneha Latha Dandugula , Kumar Rituraj 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA mechanochemistry approach is developed for regioselective synthesis of functionalized dihydropyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidines by milling propargylic alcohols and 6‐aminouracils with HFIP/p‐TsOH. In the case of tert‐propargyl alcohols, this [3+3] cascade annulation proceeded through allenylation of uracil followed by a 6‐endo trig cyclization. With sec‐propargyl alcohols, the reaction furnished the propargylation of uracil. This atom economy ball milling reaction allows access to a broad range of dihydropyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidine derivatives in excellent yields. We demonstrated the gram scale synthesis of 3 g and post‐synthetic modifications to effect the cyclization of 5 to 6.
Effect analysis on passive and active regeneration performance of catalytic diesel particulate filters at the equilibrium point in the presence of ash layer
Authors: Zhong Chao , Wang Shaoli , Chen Bo , Jia Guohai , Wu Chenxi , Zuo Hongyan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCatalytic diesel particulate filters (CDPF) form the main post‐processing devices for the diesel engines. Particulates trapped by CDPF can be oxidized by nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and oxygen (O2). The CDPF passive and active regeneration model on platinum‐based catalyst in the presence of ash layer, including the mass, momentum, and enthalpy balances of the gas and the solid phase, the gas diffusion, and the kinetic of the soot oxidation reaction is performed and validated by the bench test. The effects of different temperatures on CDPF passive and active regeneration at the equilibrium point are analyzed. Further, the effective analysis of ash loading and ash layer distribution on the equilibrium state is conducted. The research on CDPF passive and active regeneration at the equilibrium point in the presence of ash layer provides a theoretical basis for CDPF application.