bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeting the Vaginal Mucosa with Human Papillomavirus Pseudovirion Vaccines Delivering Simian Immunodeficiency Virus DNA
Authors: Gordon Shari N. , Kines Rhonda C. , Kutsyna Galyna , Ma Zhong-Min , Hryniewicz Anna , Roberts Jeffery N. , Fenizia Claudio , Hidajat Rachmat , Brocca-Cofano Egidio , Cuburu Nicolas , Buck Christopher B. , Bernardo Marcelino L. , Robert-Guroff Marjorie , Miller Christopher J. , Graham Barney S. , Lowy Douglas R. , Schiller John T. , Franchini Genoveffa 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The majority of HIV infections occur via mucosal transmission. Vaccines that induce memory T and B cells in the female genital tract may prevent the establishment and systemic dissemination of HIV. We tested the immunogenicity of a vaccine that uses human papillomavirus (HPV)-based gene transfer vectors, also called pseudovirions (PsVs), to deliver SIV genes to the vaginal epithelium. Our findings demonstrate that this vaccine platform induces gene expression in the genital tract in both cynomolgus and rhesus macaques. Intravaginal vaccination with HPV16, HPV45, and HPV58 PsVs delivering SIV Gag DNA induced Gag-specific Abs in serum and the vaginal tract, and T cell responses in blood, vaginal mucosa, and draining lymph nodes that rapidly expanded following intravaginal exposure to SIVmac251. HPV PsV-based vehicles are immunogenic, which warrant further testing as vaccine candidates for HIV and may provide a useful model to evaluate the benefits and risks of inducing high levels of SIV-specific immune responses at mucosal sites prior to SIV infection.
Verification of Chemicals Related to the Chemical Weapons ConventionUpdate based on original article by Markku Mesilaakso, Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry, © 2000, John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Authors: Vanninen Paula 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis article gives a short historical review of the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), discusses the tasks of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) related to chemical analysis, and lists the chemicals scheduled in the CWC. The Recommended Operating Procedures (ROPs) proposed originally by Finland and subsequently developed further in international cooperation as well as the work instructions (WIs) of the OPCW are briefly discussed. Strategy for analysis of CWC‐related chemicals in an off‐site laboratory is presented. The international interlaboratory comparison (round‐robin) and proficiency tests as well as future prospects are discussed.
Laser‐induced Breakdown Spectroscopy
Authors: Cremers David A. , Multari Rosalie A. , Knight Andrew K. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a novel method of elemental analysis based on a laser‐generated plasma. Pulses from a laser are focused on a sample to atomize a small amount of material resulting in the formation of a microplasma. Because of the high plasma temperature, the resulting atoms are electronically excited to emit light. The plasma light is spectrally resolved and detected to determine the elemental composition of the sample based on the unique emission spectrum of each element. Because of the simplicity of the method, it is suited for analyses that cannot be carried out using conventional methods of atomic emission spectroscopy (AES). This is particularly true for measurements that must be conducted outside of an analytical laboratory. A particular advantage of LIBS is the ability to analyze most types of samples without any preparation. This allows the interrogation of samples in situ, providing rapid measurement capability, permitting the method to be used in the analysis of gases, liquids, and solids in a variety of different sampling configurations. Although LIBS provides sensitive detection for many elements, it is not an ultrasensitive detection technique. In addition, under field conditions, the method typically does not provide the high accuracy and precision offered by laboratory‐based methods of AES. Although basically an element detection method, chemometric methods of analysis are being developed to analyze the LIBS spectrum to provide identification of chemical substances (e.g. explosives, pathogens, and chemical agents).
The Comet Assay: A Sensitive and Quantitative Method for Analysis ofDNADamage
Authors: Azqueta Amaya , Collins Andrew R. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe comet assay (single‐cell gel electrophoresis) is a simple method for measuring DNA strand breaks in cells that are embedded in agarose and lysed to remove membranes and soluble cell constituents (including most histones). The assay depends on the ability of breaks to relax supercoiling, which allows DNA still attached to a nuclear matrix to move toward the anode under electrophoresis, forming a ‘comet tail’ when viewed by fluorescence microscopy. The percentage of DNA in the tail indicates the frequency of DNA breaks. An additional step — digestion with lesion‐specific endonucleases — is introduced after lysis in order to detect different kinds of DNA damage. The assay can be calibrated to give quantitative measures of DNA damage. It has been widely used in genotoxicity testing and human biomonitoring, and also in ecogenotoxicology, as well as in basic research. We here discuss the development of the method, its principles, applications, and limitations, and attempt to dispel some fallacies that trouble the assay. We provide a detailed protocol, including a recent modification that increases the assay's throughput.
Next‐generationDNASequencing Technologies
Authors: Turner Daniel J. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe sequencing of multiple polynucleotide templates in parallel, termednext‐generation sequencing, has enabled us to generate vast quantities of sequence data very rapidly. As a consequence, large‐scale sequencing projects can be undertaken that would not have been feasible previously because the expense and time taken would have been prohibitive. Next‐generation technologies can be applied to diverse areas ranging from the de novo genome sequencing of mixed bacterial populations to characterization of the human transcriptome.This article discusses how sequencing technology has evolved over the past four decades, and the impact that this has had on biological research.
Subcritical Water Chromatography — An Economical and Green Separation Technique
Authors: Yang Yu , Kapalavavi Brahmam 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Subcritical water chromatography (SBWC) refers to a new reversed‐phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) technique where high‐temperature water is used as the sole mobile phase component. The major advantage of SBWC is the elimination of toxic mobile phase organic solvents required in traditional RPLC. These organic solvents are not only expensive in terms of purchasing price but also costly in their waste disposal. Therefore, the SBWC technique offers both economical and environmental benefits. Additional advantages of SBWC are fast analysis time; temperature‐dependent efficiency, selectivity, and resolution; temperature‐programmed elution; and ability to accommodate both gas‐ and liquid‐phase detectors. Most importantly, after years of academic studies, industry started paying attention to this economical and green separation technique. For example, Procter & Gamble has recently funded an SBWC project in developing green SBWC methods for the analysis of skincare products.
Electrospray Mass Spectrometry of Arsenic Compounds and Thiol–Arsenic Complexes
Authors: McKnight‐Whitford Anthony , Le X. Chris 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis article reviews the identification and quantification of arsenic species and their complexes using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS). Topics covered include accurate mass determination, select ion monitoring (SIM) and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), isotopic ratios, common fragmentation patterns, transition ratios, wrong‐way‐round ionization, crosstalk, ion interference, and matrix effects. The analytical methods range from direct‐infusion ESI‐MS and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), to the coupling of the ESI‐MS to high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation, and finally to combined analysis using HPLC separation with both inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) and HPLC/ESI‐MS detections. The combination of both ICP‐MS and ESI‐MS is especially powerful, benefiting from the established, robust, and sensitive element‐specific detection of ICP‐MS, and the molecular detection of ESI‐MS. Using the various mass spectrometry (MS) techniques, a variety of biological and environmental samples have been studied, including the urine of humans and animals, food and plants grown on arsenic‐contaminated soil, surface water, and contaminated groundwater. This article also discusses recent studies on the formation of thiol‐arsenic complexes between select arsenic species and thiols such as glutathione (GSH) and metallothionein (MT). The use of ESI‐MS contributes to determining the stoichiometry and binding location, monitoring the reaction in real time, and evaluating binding constants. Information from binding studies has helped the development of improved ESI‐MS methods through derivatization of arsenic species with thiols.
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: Postmortem Investigation and Risk Factors
Authors: Cohen Marta C. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the largest single “category” of sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) in babies over 1 month old in developed countries. SIDS is defined as the sudden death of an infant under 1 year of age, which remains unexplained after a thorough case investigation, including performance of a complete autopsy, examination of the death scene, and review of the clinical history.
SIDS is, consequently, a diagnosis by exclusion and the result of a “negative” postmortem. The investigation of any case of SUDI is best conducted using a multidisciplinary approach. Only when the recognized causes of death are excluded is it appropriate to label the death as due to SIDS. In addition, it is best to arrive at this conclusion after a multidisciplinary inquiry.
As data accumulates, the percentage of cases ascribed to SIDS diminishes.
Thermochemistry of Organoselenium and Organotellurium Compounds
Authors: Liebman Joel F. , Slayden Suzanne W. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The current study deals with the thermochemistry of organoselenium and organotellurium compounds in which we focus on the enthalpy of formation, with additional mention of other quantities such as Gibbs free energy, chemical equilibria and bond energies. The chapter starts with a discussion of the energetics of binary carbon selenides and tellurides and related ternary species, proceeds to aliphatic selenides and tellurides, then the oxygen‐containing selenoxides, selenones, telluroxides, tellurones, selenenates and tellurenates, and concludes with aronmatic selenides and tellurides including aryl selenides, selenophenes and tellurium counterparts.
Recent Advances in Analytical Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry for Organic Selenium and Tellurium Compounds
Authors: Far Johann , Pauw Edwin De , Eppe Gauthier 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe objective of this chapter is to present the recent developments in mass spectrometry for selenium (Se) and tellurium (Te) analysis. The state‐of‐the‐art of mass spectrometry‐based techniques available is critically evaluated with particular emphasis on ion sources and mass analyzers. The complexity of identification and characterization of Se, Te species including their speciation in the environment or in biological materials requires methodologies not only limited to mass spectrometry. Particular attention is given to sample preparation and hyphenated techniques with mass spectrometry for a comprehensive characterization of these trace elements. All these aspects are illustrated with up‐to‐date applications from the literature. Finally, future trends in mass spectrometry give the readers new insights into Se and Te species detection.
Aircraft Thermal Management
Authors: Ahlers Mark F. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAircraft thermal management is increasingly important to the safe and efficient design and operation of commercial and military aircraft due to the continually increasing heat loads from expanded avionic functionality, more electrical systems architectures, and the greater temperature sensitivity of composite material systems relative to traditional metallic designs. Military aircraft designers face the additional challenges of removing the waste heat from advanced weapon systems. This article provides an overview of the multiple thermal design issues faced in maintaining an acceptable temperature environment for the flight crew, passengers, cargo, and airplane structure and systems on a modern commercial aircraft.
Pressure‐ and Temperature‐Sensitive Paints
Authors: Liu Tianshu 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe foundations of pressure‐ and temperature‐sensitive paints (PSP and TSP) for aerodynamic measurements are the oxygen and thermal quenching mechanisms of thin luminescent polymer coatings applied to a solid surface. The technical aspects of PSP and TSP include the photophysics, paint formulations, calibration, measurement systems, image/data processing, measurement uncertainty, and applications in wind tunnel testing. Since PSP and TSP as luminescent molecule sensors have similar measurement systems and image/data processing procedures, they are companion techniques in applications. PSP and TSP have become powerful measurement techniques to obtain high‐resolution surface pressure and temperature (heat flux) fields on air vehicle models in various wind tunnels. This article provides a concise exposition of the main technical aspects of PSP and TSP.
Can Questioning Induce Forgetting? Retrieval‐Induced Forgetting of Eyewitness Information
Authors: Camp Gino , Wesstein Henrieke , de Bruin Anique B. H. 
Published: December 2011

SummaryIn eyewitness situations, questioning can be seen as a form of retrieval practice that may have detrimental effects on eyewitness memory. Memory research has demonstrated that retrieval practice may not only enhance memory for practiced information but also induce forgetting of related information. The present study examined the effect of retrieval practice on forgetting in eyewitness memory. First, we investigated whether asking questions about particular offender characteristics can induce forgetting of other offender characteristics. Second, we examined whether this forgetting effect is limited to information from the practiced offender or may also influence memory for characteristics of others present in the crime scene. Third, we studied whether forgetting of eyewitness information occurs in the absence of output interference effects. We found that questioning induced forgetting of offender characteristics. Moreover, the forgetting effect was not limited to information about the practiced offender. Finally, forgetting was found even when output order was experimentally controlled. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Globally asymptotic adaptive controller/observer for tracking in robots without velocity measurement
Authors: Malagari Srinivasulu , Driessen Brian J. 
Published: December 2011

SUMMARYIn this work, we present an adaptive observer/controller for a multiple degree of freedom robotic plant without velocity measurement and without knowledge of plant parameter values. For this considered plant, we propose and present an adaptive observer/controller that estimates or observes the velocity and drives the position tracking error to zero. We prove that the combined tracking error and observer error converges to zero globally asymptotically and that all closed‐loop signals remain bounded. A contribution of the present paper, as compared with previous work for this same plant, can be deemed to be the fact that, to the best of our knowledge, the present paper is the first proven globally asymptotic result for this plant for which the size of the control torque does not increase exponentially with respect to the size of the tracking error. The control torque is discontinuous, however, only at isolated time instants. No sliding modes are used. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recursive Gauss–Seidel algorithm for direct self‐tuning control
Authors: Hatun Metin , Koçal Osman Hilmi 
Published: December 2011

SUMMARYA recursive algorithm based on the use of Gauss–Seidel iterations is introduced to adjust the parameters of a self‐tuning controller for minimum phase and a class of nonminimum phase discrete‐time systems. The proposed algorithm is called the Recursive Gauss–Seidel (RGS) algorithm and is used to update the controller parameters directly. The use of the RGS algorithm with a generalized minimum variance control law is also given for nonminimum phase systems, and a forgetting factor is used to track the time‐varying parameters. Furthermore, the overall stability of the closed‐loop system is proven by using the Lyapunov stability theory. Using computer simulations, the performance of the RGS algorithm is examined and compared with the widely used recursive least squares algorithm.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Luminescence of Nanodiamond Driven by Atomic Functionalization: Towards Novel Detection Principles
Authors: Petráková Vladimíra , Taylor Andrew , Kratochvílová Irena , Fendrych František , Vacík Jiří , Kučka Jan , Štursa Jan , Cígler Petr , Ledvina Miroslav , Fišerová Anna , Kneppo Peter , Nesládek Miloš 
Published: December 2011

AbstractHigh biocompatibility, variable size ranging from ≈5 nm, stable luminescence from its color centers, and simple carbon chemistry for biomolecule grafting make nanodiamond (ND) particles an attractive alternative to molecular dyes for drug‐delivery. A novel method is presented that can be used for remote monitoring of chemical processes in biological environments based on color changes from photoluminescent (PL) nitrogen‐vacancy (NV) centers in ND. The NV luminescence is driven chemically by alternating the surface chemical potential by interacting atoms and molecules with the diamond surface. Due to the small ND size, the changes of the surface chemical potential modify the electric field profile at the diamond surfaces (i.e., band bending) and intermingle with the electronic NV states. This leads to changes in NV−/NV° PL ratio and allows construction of optical chemo‐biosensors operating in cells, with PL visible in classical confocal microscopes. This phenomenon is demonstrated on single crystal diamond containing engineered NV centers and on oxidized and hydrogenated ND in liquid physiological buffers for variously sized ND particles. Hydrogenation of NDs leads to quenching of luminescence related to negatively charged (NV−) centers and as a result produces color shifts from NV− (638 nm) to neutral NV° (575 nm) luminescence. How the reduction of diamond size increases the magnitude of the NV color shift phenomena is modeled.
Surface organic modification of titanium dioxide fine particles through photo polymerization
Authors: Gao Jun , Yang Mao , Lei Jingxin 
Published: December 2011

AbstractCC unsaturated groups were chemically inserted onto TiO2 particles surfaces through chemical reaction of hydroxyl group on the TiO2 fine particle surface with 2,4‐diidocyanatotoluene (TDI) first, and then with 2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA). Finally, TiO2 fine particles with surface organic modification were made through the free radical copolymerization reaction with n‐butyl acrylate (BA) monomer under UV irradiation. The structure and properties of unmodified and modified TiO2 were studied by FT‐IR, XPS, TGA, TEM, lipophilic rates, and adhesion properties tests. The results show that the surface of TiO2 has been successfully introduced with the organic chains through chemical bonding linkage; the surface lipophilic rates of TiO2 particles are increased. The dispersion and compatibility of the modified TiO2 particles in a commercial ink 508C resin greatly improve as compared with that of unmodified TiO2, and agglomeration of particles obviously reduces. The adhesion strength between the white printing ink made from the modified TiO2 particles and BOPP is much better than that from the unmodified TiO2. When the organic rate reached 24.93%, the adhesion strength reaches Grade I. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Characterizations on the amidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes grafted with polyaniline via in situ polymerization
Authors: Wu Yi‐Jhen , Chao Liang , Ho Ko‐Shan , Huang Ying‐Jie , Huang Yu‐Lan , Yang Chi‐Shiang , Tseng Bo‐Hao 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were carboxylated after refluxing with sulfuric and nitric acids. These attached carboxylic acid groups were further condensated with o‐phenylene diamine into amide catalyzed by dicyclohexyl carbodiimide (DCC). The obtained amidized MWCNTs were in situ‐polymerized with aniline monomers to graft a conducting polyaniline (PANI) onto MWCNT (ES‐g‐MWCNTs) through the polymerization occurring in the ortho‐ and meta‐positions. The reduced conductivity of the MWCNT after carboxylation can be recovered after grafting with PANI, which owns a strong λmax at the near infrared region due to the extended conjugation from MWCNTs to PANI. Transmission electronic microscopic pictures show a gradual broadening of the MWCNT diameter after carboxylation, amidization, and polymerization. The weight loss from the thermogravimetric thermograms due to the carboxylations of MWCNTs, amidized MWCNTs, and the PANI grafted MWCNTs into CO2 can be used to estimate the degree of carboxylation, amidization, and grafting of PANI. The degree of carboxylation of MWCNT calculated from ESCA spectrum is around 23% close to that estimated from TGA thermogram. The doping level of redoped PANI‐grafted MWCNT is found to be 27.78% much less than the maximum 50% of neat PANI. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Enantioselective Zinc‐Catalyzed Hydrosilylation of Ketones using Pybox or Pybim Ligands
Authors: Junge Kathrin , Möller Konstanze , Wendt Bianca , Das Shoubhik , Gördes Dirk , Thurow Kerstin , Beller Matthias 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe combination of ZnEt2 and chiral pyridinebisoxazoline (pybox) or pyridinebisimidazoline (pybim) ligands catalyzed the asymmetric hydrosilylation of aryl, alkyl, cyclic, heterocyclic, and aliphatic ketones. Under mild conditions, high yields and good enantioselectivities were achieved. ESI measurements allowed for the characterization of the active catalyst.
Histone crotonylation specifically marks the haploid male germ cell gene expression program
Authors: Montellier Emilie , Rousseaux Sophie , Zhao Yingming , Khochbin Saadi 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe haploid male germ cell differentiation program controls essential steps of male gametogenesis and relies partly on a significant number of sex chromosome‐linked genes. These genes need to escape chromosome‐wide transcriptional repression of sex chromosomes, which occurs during meiosis and is largely maintained in post‐meiotic cells. A newly discovered histone lysine modification, crotonylation (Kcr), marks X/Y‐linked genes that are active in post‐meiotic male germ cells. Histone Kcr, by conferring resistance to transcriptional repressors, could be a dominant element in maintaining these genes active in the globally repressive environment of haploid cell sex chromosomes. Furthermore, the same mark was found associated with post‐meiotically activated genes on autosomes. Histone Kcr therefore appears to be an indicator of the male haploid cell gene expression program and a notable element of genome programming in the post‐meiotic phases of spermatogenesis.