bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil erosion in New Zealand is a net sink of CO2
Authors: Dymond John R. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractSoil erosion in New Zealand exports much sediment and particulate organic carbon (POC) to the sea. The influence of this carbon export on carbon transfers between soils and the atmosphere has been largely unknown. Erosion models are used to estimate the net carbon transfer between soils and atmosphere due to soil erosion for New Zealand. The models are used to estimate the spatial distribution of erosion, which is combined with a digital map of soil organic carbon content to produce the spatial distribution of carbon erosion. The sequestration of atmospheric CO2 by regenerating soils is estimated by combining carbon recovery data with the age distribution of soils since erosion occurrence. The North Island of New Zealand is estimated to export 1·9 (with uncertainty of −0·5 and +1·0) million tonnes of POC per year to the sea and to sequester 1·25 (−0·3 /+0·6) million tonnes of carbon per year from the atmosphere through regenerating soils. The South Island of New Zealand is estimated to export 2·9 (−0·7/+1·5) million tonnes of POC per year and to sequester approximately the same amount. Assuming exported carbon is buried at sea with an efficiency of 80% gives New Zealand a net carbon sink of 3·1 (−2·0/+2·5) million tonnes per year; which is equivalent to 45% of New Zealand's fossil fuel carbon emissions in 1990. The net sink primarily results from a conveyor belt transfer of carbon from the atmosphere to soils regenerating from erosion to the sea floor where carbon is permanently buried. The net sink due to soil erosion can be further increased by reforestation of those terrains where erosion is excessive and there is no carbon recovery in the soils. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Air quality during demolition and recovery activities in post-Katrina New Orleans
Authors: Ravikrishna Raghunathan , Lee Han-Woong , Mbuligwe Stephen , Valsaraj K. T. , Pardue John H. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Air samples were collected during demolition and cleanup operations in the Lakeview district of New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, in late 2005 during the period immediately after Hurricane Katrina. Three different high-volume air samples were collected around waste collection areas that were created to temporarily hold the debris from the cleanup of residential properties in the area. Particulate concentrations were elevated and included crystalline fibers associated with asbestos. Metal concentrations on particulate matter resembled those measured in sediments deposited by floodwaters with the exception of Ba, which was elevated at all three locations. The highest organic contaminant concentration measured on particulates was the pesticide Ziram (Zinc, bis[diethylcarbamodithioato-S,S′]-, [T-4]-) at 2,200 µg/g of particulate matter during sampling period 2. Ziram is used in latex paint, adhesives, caulking, and wallboard as a preservative. Fungal isolates developed from particulate air samples included species associated with disease including Aspergillus and Penicillium species. These data represent the most comprehensive assessment of demolition activities during the period immediately after Hurricane Katrina. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:1438–1444. © 2010 SETAC
Survivable routing algorithm with mixed shared protection in fault‐tolerant GMPLS multi‐layered optical networks
Authors: Guo Lei , Cao Jiannong , Wang Xingwei , Wei Xuetao , Gai Qiming , Ning Zhaolong , Yu Cunqian 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we studied survivability in general multi‐protocol label switching (GMPLS) multi‐layered optical networks and proposed a novel mixed shared protection algorithm (MSPA) based on the integrated layered graph (ILG) to tolerate single‐fibre link failure. The ILG is composed of one virtual topology layer (VTL), corresponding to IP/MPLS layer; multiple wavelength‐plane layers (WPLs), corresponding to the wavelength‐division multiplexing (WDM) optical layer; and some virtual links that connect the VTL to each WPL in order to solve the problem on routing, wavelength assignment and low‐speed traffic grooming. For every connection request, the MSPA first computes a single‐hop or multi‐hop label switching path (LSP) pair, involving a working LSP and a physical link‐disjoint backup LSP in the VTL. If the LSP pair is not found in the VTL, the MSPA computes the new LSP pair in the WPL. Conversely, if the new LSP pair is not detected in the WPL, the MSPA computes the hybrid multi‐hop LSP pair in the ILG. In the MSPA, if the two working LSPs are in physical link‐disjoint, their corresponding backup LSPs can share the backup bandwidth. In addition, the working LSPs and the backup LSPs can also share the same mixed of wavelength, in which the different bandwidths can be assigned to different working and backup LSPs. Simulation results show that, compared to previous algorithm, the MSPA can obtain a better bandwidth utilisation ratio (BUR) with a lower blocking probability. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Novel Monoclonal Antibody to Characterize Pathogenic Polymers in Liver Disease Associated with α1-Antitrypsin Deficiency†
Authors: Miranda Elena , Pérez Juan , Ekeowa Ugo I. , Hadzic Nedim , Kalsheker Noor , Gooptu Bibek , Portmann Bernard , Belorgey Didier , Hill Marian , Chambers Susan , Teckman Jeff , Alexander Graeme J. , Marciniak Stefan J. , Lomas David A. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract

Alpha1-antitrypsin is the most abundant circulating protease inhibitor. The severe Z deficiency allele (Glu342Lys) causes the protein to undergo a conformational transition and form ordered polymers that are retained within hepatocytes. This causes neonatal hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. We have developed a conformation-specific monoclonal antibody (2C1) that recognizes the pathological polymers formed by α1-antitrypsin. This antibody was used to characterize the Z variant and a novel shutter domain mutant (His334Asp; α1-antitrypsin King's) identified in a 6-week-old boy who presented with prolonged jaundice. His334Asp α1-antitrypsin rapidly forms polymers that accumulate within the endoplasmic reticulum and show delayed secretion when compared to the wild-type M α1-antitrypsin. The 2C1 antibody recognizes polymers formed by Z and His334Asp α1-antitrypsin despite the mutations directing their effects on different parts of the protein. This antibody also recognized polymers formed by the Siiyama (Ser53Phe) and Brescia (Gly225Arg) mutants, which also mediate their effects on the shutter region of α1-antitrypsin.

Conclusion:

Z and shutter domain mutants of α1-antitrypsin form polymers with a shared epitope and so are likely to have a similar structure.
Vitamin D‐effective solar UV radiation, dietary vitamin D and breast cancer risk
Authors: Edvardsen Kåre , Veierød Marit B. , Brustad Magritt , Braaten Tonje , Engelsen Ola , Lund Eiliv 
Published: May 2010

AbstractVitamin D is well known for its important role in calcium and phosphor homeostasis. Recent research suggests that vitamin D also prevent some type of cancers. We studied solar vitamin D effective UV radiation (VD dose), dietary vitamin D, sun‐seeking holidays, use of solarium, frequency of sunburn and breast cancer risk in a large population‐based cohort study. A total of 41,811 women from the prospective Norwegian Women and Cancer Study, aged 40–70 years at baseline, were followed from 1997/1998 to 2007. Dietary vitamin D intake was calculated at baseline. Information on historical VD dose was used as a proxy for cutaneously obtained vitamin D status. Cox proportional hazards model was used. We adjusted for age, height, BMI, baseline menopausal status, use of hormone replacement therapy, use of oral contraception, alcohol, mother's history of breast cancer, mammography and parity. During 8.5 years of follow‐up, 948 new cases of breast cancer were registered using data from the Norwegian Cancer Registry. We found no significant associations between VD dose, or vitamin D intake, or sun‐seeking holidays, or use of solarium, or frequency of sunburn, and breast cancer risk. Relative risks (95% confidence intervals) for highest versus lowest category were 1.17 (0.95–1.44), 0.95 (0.75–1.21), 1.07 (0.87–1.32), 0.93 (0.76–1.14) and 1.10 (0.89–1.36), respectively. Our results do not support an association between vitamin D status, and breast cancer risk.
Molecular cytogenetic characterization of esophageal cancer detected by comparative genomic hybridization
Authors: Chang Yuli C. , Yeh Kun‐Tu , Liu Ta‐Chih , Chang Jan‐Gowth 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAim: Detection of cytogenetic alterations in esophageal cancer (EC). A total of 40 cases of primary EC and their paired nearby nontumor tissues were collected. The comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) is the technique that brings out the gains and losses of chromosome fragments and was applied to determine the aberrations from the tissue DNA. In noncancer tissues, the gains were at 19p (5/40, 13%), 20q (5/40, 13%), and losses at 9p (13/40, 33%), 2q (10/40, 25%), 12q (10/40, 25%), 13q (10/40, 25%), 5q (9/40, 23%), 6q (9/40, 23%), 7q (9/40, 23%), and 8p (9/40, 23%). Two cases in nontumor tissues showed no CGH change. In the 40 cases of primary EC, the gains were at 8q (10/40, 25%), 3q (9/40, 23%), 2q (7/40, 18%), and 13q (7/40, 18%), and the losses were at 1q (8/40, 20%), 4q (8/40, 20%), 3p (7/40, 18%), 5q (7/40, 18%), and 18q (7/40, 18%) in comparison with paired nearby noncancerous tissues. We found that the loss aberrations were on 1q, 2p, 3p, 5q, 6q, 9p, 11p, 15q, 16q, 18q, 21q and gains on 20p in both tumor and nontumor tissues; nevertheless, −4p, −7q, −8p, −10q, −12q, −13q, −14q and +17p, +19q, +22q were only found in nontumor tissues and +1q, +2pq, +3q, −4q, +4q, +5q, 7p, +8q, +10q, +12q, +13q, +14q −17p, −19pq, −22q in EC. From these results, we suggest that most of the tissues near the cancer parts of EC may be considered as a precancerous region. The alteration between cancer and noncancer tissues may play a role in the development of EC. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 24:167–174, 2010.© 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
10th international symposium on the synthesis and applications of isotopes and isotopically labelled compounds—development of PET and SPECT imaging agents, Session 18, Thursday, June 18, 2009
Authors: Lee Myung‐Chul , Shulman Seth 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe theme of this session was labelling molecules with short‐lived radioisotopes. Descriptions of the preparation of ligands of both small and large molecules were presented. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Immobilization of cross‐linked lipase aggregates onto magnetic beads for enzymatic degradation of polycaprolactone
Authors: Kim Mina , Park Jae‐Min , Um Hyun‐Ju , Lee Dong‐Hun , Lee Kyu‐Ho , Kobayashi Fumihisa , Iwasaka Yasunobu , Hong Chun‐Sang , Min Jiho , Kim Yang‐Hoon 
Published: May 2010

AbstractCandida rugosa lipase was immobilized on amino‐functionalized magnetic supports via cross‐linked enzyme aggregates (CLEA) and used to enhance the enzymatic degradation of polycaprolactone (PCL). The maximum amounts of lipase immobilized on the magnetic beads using glutaraldehyde as a coupling agent were determined to be 33.7 mg/g of beads with an 81% recovery of activity after immobilization. Compared to the free enzyme, the immobilized lipase showed the optimum pH at 1 unit higher (pH 8.0) and also retained its enzymatic activity at higher temperatures. There was 62.9% retention of lipase activity after 30 consecutive reuses, indicating its stability and reusability in aqueous media. Moreover, the immobilized lipase maintained more than 80% of its initial activity during 30 days storage period, while the free lipase lost all under same condition. In addition, the immobilized lipase showed a more than 6‐fold increase in biodegradability over the free lipase when the immobilized lipase was used to degrade PCL in a batch system. Higher thermal and storage stability, as well as good durability after repeated use of the immobilized lipase CLEA, highlights its potential applicability as large scale continuous systems for the enzymatic degradation of PCL. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Assessment of an internal reference gene in Rhodobacter sphaeroides grown under cobalt exposure
Authors: Losurdo Luca , Italiano Francesca , Trotta Massimo , Gallerani Raffaele , Luigi Ruggiero Ceci , Leo Francesca De 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAim of this study is the identification of an appropriate internal reference gene to quantify gene transcripts isolated from Rhodobacter (R.) sphaeroides cells grown in presence of high concentrations of cobalt ions. RNA was isolated using a commercial kit protocol ad‐hoc modified. Several primer pairs were used to perform reverse transcription PCR and real‐time PCR to assess the suitable internal reference gene whose expression is not affected by cobalt ions, identified with the gene rsp0154.This finding can be of definite help in the investigation of the response to heavy metals of the chosen strain, a potential candidate for environmental applications. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
CARS investigation of collisional shift of the hydrogen Q‐branch transitions by water at high temperatures
Authors: Vereschagin K. A. , Vereschagin A. K. , Smirnov V. V. , Stel'makh O. M. , Fabelinsky V. I. , Clauss W. , Oschwald M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA high‐resolution (∼0.1 cm−1) spectroscopic method based on the application of a Fabry–Pérot interferometer to the spectral analysis of the coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) signal from an individual Raman transition was used to obtain single‐shot spectra of hydrogen Q‐branch transitions directly in the flame of a pulsed, high‐pressure H2/O2 combustion chamber. Simultaneously with the Fabry–Pérot pattern, a broadband CARS spectrum of the complete H2Q ‐branch structure was recorded in order to measure the temperature of the probe volume. During every cycle of the combustion chamber, a pressure pulse together with single‐shot CARS spectra, providing information on individual line shapes and medium temperature, was recorded. On the basis of the experimental data, the temperature dependences of lineshift coefficients for several Q‐branch lines of hydrogen molecules under collisions with water molecules were determined in the temperature range 2100 < T < 3500 K, and an empirical ‘fitting law’ for H2H2O lineshift coefficients is proposed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A longitudinal study of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and generalized anxiety disorder in Israeli civilians exposed to war trauma
Authors: Neria Yuval , Besser Avi , Kiper Dasha , Westphal Maren 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis 3‐wave longitudinal study examined the mental health consequences of the Israel–Gaza 2008–2009 war among young Israeli civilians. Data on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and their predictors were collected during the war, and 2 and 4 months after ceasefire. Results showed a sharp decline in symptom levels of PTSD, MDD, and GAD over time. Perceived social support during the war moderated the effects of immediate emotional response on subsequent levels of PTSD, MDD, and GAD. These findings underscore the importance of social support and immediate emotional response to trauma in predicting trauma‐related psychopathology, and highlight the potential need for providing early care to exposed individuals exhibiting immediate and severe emotional responses.
Six score systems to evaluate candidates with advanced cirrhosis for orthotopic liver transplant: Which is the winner?
Authors: Biselli Maurizio , Gitto Stefano , Gramenzi Annagiulia , Di Donato Roberto , Brodosi Lucia , Ravaioli Matteo , Grazi Gian Luca , Pinna Antonio Daniele , Andreone Pietro , Bernardi Mauro 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Many prognostic systems have been devised to predict the outcome of liver transplantation (LT) candidates. Today, the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) is widely used for organ allocation, but it has shown some limitations. The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of MELD compared to 5 different score models. We evaluated the prognostic ability of MELD, modified Child-Turcotte-Pugh, MELD-sodium, United Kingdom MELD, updated MELD, and integrated MELD in 487 candidates with cirrhosis for LT at the Bologna Transplant Centre, Bologna, Italy, between 2003 and 2008. Calibration analysis by Hosmer-Lemeshow test, calibration curves, and concordance c-statistics (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC]) were calculated at 3, 6, and 12 months. Actual cumulative survival curves, taking into account the event of interest in the presence of competing risk, were obtained using the best cutoffs identified by AUC. For each score, the Hosmer-Lemeshow test revealed a good calibration. Integrated MELD showed calibration curves closer to the line of perfect predicting ability, followed by MELD-sodium at 3 months and modified Child-Turcotte-Pugh at 6 months. MELD-sodium AUCs at 3 and 6 months (0.798 and 0.765, respectively) and integrated MELD AUC at 6 months (0.792) were better than standard MELD (P < 0.05). Actual survival curves showed that these 2 scores were able to identify the patients with the highest drop-out risk. In conclusion, MELD-sodium and integrated MELD were the best prognostic models to predict drop-out rates among patients awaiting LT. Liver Transpl 16:964-973, 2010. © 2010 AASLD.
Selling stories: Harry Potter and the marketing plot
Authors: Brown Stephen , Patterson Anthony 
Published: May 2010

AbstractMost families in the Western world are aware of Harry Potter, the stupendously successful stories about a boy wizard “who lived.” Most families are familiar with the shadow tales attached to Harry Potter—the tales of the rags to riches author, the mega‐blockbuster movies, the forthcoming theme park in Florida, the long lines of enthusiastic consumers outside book stores at midnight. Harry Potter, in short, is a Niagara of narratives, a sea of stories. This paper plots the Harry Potter stories onto Booker's seven‐element theory of narrative emplotment and considers how consumers interact with the Harry Potter brand phenomenon. Three consumer narratives of engagement are evident—discovery, diachronic, and denial—as is the disagreement between battling plots. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Brand‐self identity narratives in the James Bond movies
Authors: Cooper Holly , Schembri Sharon , Miller Dale 
Published: May 2010

AbstractConsumers learn to attach social and contextual meaning to products and brands through observing the character relationships with particular objects or specific brands in the archetypal stories in film on “the big screen” (cinema). Luxury brands become objects of desire, fueling consumer aspirations and giving consumers frames of reference in their own consumption ideals. However, substantial research attention to the brand narratives that popular culture portrays has yet to emerge. This paper therefore presents a textual analysis of the brand narratives evident within popular culture, specifically in the context of James Bond films. In taking this interpretive approach, this article identifies three different and contrasting brand‐self narratives that reinforce a particular archetypal myth of a lover, hero, or outlaw. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evolutionary branding
Authors: Hirschman Elizabeth C. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractResearch and theorization on branding is one of the most robust areas of inquiry in both marketing and consumer behavior. The present article advocates a novel source of ideas for use in conceptualizing the origins and functions of branding—the evolution of human capacity for symbolic reasoning and group identity. Drawing on theories of the evolution of human culture, I examine three examples of branding narratives constructed around interpersonal ties gained from commercial DNA testing. The first deals with the human tendency to see the self as part of a group having a unique and attractive history. The second examines humans' desire to reach outward to others seen as having the same traits and values as ourselves. The third deals with the negotiation of identity within a branded community. I propose that the human impulse toward the composition of self‐ and group‐serving narratives underlies the origination and perpetuation of branding. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Proteomics in investigation of protein nitration in kidney disease: Technical challenges and perspectives from the spontaneously hypertensive rat
Authors: Tyther Raymond , McDonagh Brian , Sheehan David 
Published: May 2010

AbstractKidneys are the mammalian organs with widest range of oxidative status ranging from the well‐perfused cortex to the relatively anoxic medulla. This organ is of key interest from the perspective of hypertension, an important contributor to human mortality, and there has been growing use of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) as a model to explore oxidative stress in hypertensive kidney. Nitrosative stress is often associated with oxidative stress and, like oxidative stress, can lead to covalent modification of protein side‐chains. It is especially relevant to kidney because of high levels of both nitrite/nitrate and nitric oxide synthase in medulla. Because of their relatively low abundance and their well‐known role in signal transduction, nitration of tyrosines to 3‐nitrotyrosines (3NT) is of particular interest in this regard. This modification has the potential to contribute to changes in regulation, in protein activity and may provide a means of specific targeting of key proteins. Mass spectrometry (MS) offers a promising route to detecting this modification. This review surveys protein nitration in kidney disease and highlights opportunities for MS detection of nitrated residues in the SHR. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 30:121–141, 2011
Pallidopyramidal disease: A misnomer?
Authors: Horstink Martin W.I.M. , Dekker Marieke C. , Montagna Pasquale , Bonifati Vincenzo , van De Warrenburg Bart P. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe combination of recessive early‐onset parkinsonism and pyramidal tract signs caused by pallidopyramidal degeneration is known as pallidopyramidal disease or syndrome (PPD/S). We investigated whether patients diagnosed as Davison's PPD/S showed any definite proof of pyramidal and pallidal involvement, without findings suggestive of other nosological entities. Since Davison's original description, 15 other PPD/S cases have been reported, yet all lack proof of pyramidal or pallidal degeneration. Because of the dopa‐responsiveness in all patients subsequent to Davison's report, we argue that these patients probably suffered from early‐onset nigral parkinsonism or dopa‐responsive dsystonia, rather than pallidal parkinsonism; in such cases, the presumed pyramidal Babinski could be a pseudobabinski (“striatal toe”). Secondary pallidopyramidal syndromes do occur, for example, in multiple system atrophy or Wilson's disease, but in these patients additional findings indicate diseases other than Davison's PPD/S. We conclude that the existence of PPD/S as a distinct clinico‐pathological nosological entity, as proposed by Davison, is doubtful. In cases reported as Davison's PPD/S, the description “pallidopyramidal” seems to be a misnomer. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society