bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Profiling of Endogenous Estrogens, Their Precursors, and Metabolites in Endometrial Cancer Patients: Association with Risk and Relationship to Clinical Characteristics
Authors: Audet-Walsh Étienne , Lépine Johanie , Grégoire Jean , Plante Marie , Caron Patrick , Têtu Bernard , Ayotte Pierre , Brisson Jacques , Villeneuve Lyne , Bélanger Alain , Guillemette Chantal 
Published: December 2010

abstractBackground:Endometrial cancer (EC) predominantly occurs after menopause and is strongly related to steroid hormones, particularly estrogens. However, the relationship between these hormones and clinical characteristics remains unaddressed.Experimental Design:We analyzed the circulating levels of 18 steroids including adrenal precursors, androgens, estrogens, and their glucuronide metabolites, using specific and validated methods based on tandem mass spectrometry. Our goals were to compare circulating levels in postmenopausal women with EC (n = 126) with those of healthy postmenopausal women (n = 110) and to investigate how these hormonal levels relate to clinical characteristics.Results:After adjustment for potential confounders, most hormones were significantly elevated in EC patients compared with healthy controls. In women with type I cancer, estrogen levels were up to 3-fold those of healthy women (P &lt; 0.05). These higher levels were associated with an increased risk of cancer, particularly estrogens and their direct precursors, testosterone and androstenedione (odds ratios ranging from 4.4 to 13.3; P ≤ 0.0003). Elevated circulating levels of estrogens and their metabolites were found in cancer cases with type I endometrioid cancer and low-grade and noninvasive tumor, suggesting an association between these hormones and the tumoral estrogenic activity. In addition, levels of estrone-sulfate in EC patients with relapse were 2-fold over levels of EC patients without relapse (P &lt; 0.05), and 4.5-fold over those of healthy women (P &lt; 0.001).Conclusions:Circulating levels of steroids were associated with increased risk of EC. Estrogens may represent novel biomarkers predictive of clinical characteristics, including evidence for an increased risk of relapse.
Luteinizing Hormone Receptor mRNA Down-Regulation Is Mediated through ERK-Dependent Induction of RNA Binding Protein
Authors: Menon Bindu , Franzo-Romain Megan , Damanpour Shadi , Menon K. M. J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe ligand-induced down-regulation of LH receptor (LHR) expression in the ovaries, at least in part, is regulated by a posttranscriptional process mediated by a specific LH receptor mRNA binding protein (LRBP). The LH-mediated signaling pathways involved in this process were examined in primary cultures of human granulosa cells. Treatment with 10 IU human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) for 12 h resulted in the down-regulation of LHR mRNA expression while producing an increase in LHR mRNA binding to LRBP as well as a 2-fold increase in LRBP levels. The activation of ERK1/2 pathway in LH-mediated LHR mRNA down-regulation was also established by demonstrating the translocation of ERK1/2 from the cytosol to the nucleus using confocal microcopy. Inhibition of protein kinase A using H-89 or ERK1/2 by U0126 abolished the LH-induced LHR mRNA down-regulation. These treatments also abrogated both the increases in LRBP levels as well as the LHR mRNA binding activity. The abolishment of the hCG-induced increase in LRBP levels and LHR mRNA binding activity was further confirmed by transfecting granulosa cells with ERK1/2 specific small interfering RNA. This treatment also reversed the hCG-induced down-regulation of LHR mRNA. These data show that LH-regulated ERK1/2 signaling is required for the LRBP-mediated down-regulation of LHR mRNA.
Expression of 5α-reductase type 1 in breast cancer and adjacent non-malignant tissue: an immunohistochemical study
Authors: Zhao Gang , Lu Liu , Luu-The Van , Fan Zhimin , Labrie Fernand , Pelletier Georges 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Intratumoral biosynthesis of sex steroids is thought to play a role in the pathogenesis and development of human breast cancer. There is evidence that androgens can inhibit the development and progression of breast cancer. Among the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of androgens, 5α-reductase plays a key role by reducing testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, the most potent androgen. Two isoforms of 5α-reductase have been characterized and 5α-reductase type 1 is predominant in breast cancer tissue. We developed specific antibodies to 5α-reductase type 1 and studied the expression of the enzyme in 84 specimens of breast carcinoma and adjacent non-malignant tissues by immunohistochemistry. The results were correlated with the expression of androgen receptor, estrogen receptor α, progesterone receptor and CDC47, a cell division marker as well as the tumor stage, tumor size, nodal status and menopausal status. The expression of 5α-reductase type 1 in 61% of breast cancer specimens appeared significantly lower than that observed in normal adjacent tissues (87% of cases being positive). There was no significant correlation between 5α-reductase type 1 expression and the clinicopathological parameters studied. The decrease in 5α-reductase type 1 expression in breast cancer as compared to that observed in the adjacent normal tissues could play a role in the development and/or progression of the cancer by modifying the intratumoral levels of androgens.
Nomegestrol acetate is an anti-aromatase agent in human MCF-7aro breast cancer cells
Authors: Chetrite Gérard S. , Pasqualini Jorge R. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract

Background: The progestogen nomegestrol acetate (NOMAC), a 17α-hydroxy-nor-progesterone derivative (LUTENYL®) is largely used as an oral contraceptive and to treat menopausal complaints. In previous studies, we demonstrated that NOMAC is an anti-sulfatase agent in MCF-7 and T-47D breast cancer cells. In this study, we explore the effect of NOMAC on aromatase activity in a stable aromatase-expressing human breast cancer cell line: MCF-7aro.

Materials and methods: Cells were incubated with physiological concentrations of androgen substrates [3H]-testosterone or [3H]-androstenedione (5×10–9 mol/L) alone, or in the presence of NOMAC (5×10–5 mol/L–5×10–8 mol/L) for 24 h at 37°C. [3H]-Estradiol (E2), [3H]-estrone (E1), [3H]-testosterone and [3H]-androstenedione were characterized by thin layer chromatography and quantified using the corresponding standard.

Results: Aromatase activity levels are high in MCF-7aro cells because the [3H]-E2 concentration after incubation of [3H]-testosterone was 5.8±0.31 pmol/mg DNA in non-treated cells. At concentrations of 5×10–5 mol/L, 5×10–6 mol/L and 5×10–7 mol/L NOMAC significantly inhibits this conversion by 49.7%, 29.9% and 18.1%, respectively. After [3H]-androstenedione incubation, similar inhibition levels were observed with NOMAC for [3H]-E1 formation; whereas, inhibition of [3H]-E2 production, which implicates 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in this pathway, is greater because NOMAC also inhibits this enzyme.

Conclusion: The MCF-7aro cell line shows high aromatase activity and NOMAC can act as an anti-aromatase agent by inhibiting this activity. This is an important new effect of this progestogen. Because NOMAC can also inhibit sulfatase activity in breast cancer cells, we suggest that this dual effect of NOMAC has attractive possibilities for clinical trials.
Ce13Ir34.4P24 – An intergrowth structure of ThCr2Si2, SrPtSb, and CeMg2Si2 related slabs
Authors: Pfannenschmidt Ulrike , Rodewald Ute Ch. , Pöttgen Rainer 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Well-shaped needles of the metal-rich phosphide Ce13Ir34.4P24 were synthesized by a reaction of the elements in a lead flux (1 : 2 : 2 : 60 molar ratio, 1370 K, slow cooling rate of 2 K/h). Ce13Ir34.4P24 was characterized by X-ray powder and single crystal data: new structure type C2/m (mS144–1.2), a = 4512.2(9), b = 398.51(8), c = 1331.1(2) pm, β = 105.01(2)°, wR2 = 0.0326, 3554 F
2 values and 186 variables. The structure is built up from a complex three-dimensional [Ir34.4P24]
δ– polyanion in which the seven crystallographically independent cerium atoms fill distorted hexagonal cavities. Geometrically the Ce13Ir34.4P24 structure can be described as an intergrowth variant of ThCr2Si2, SrPtSb, and CeMg2Si2 related slabs, similar to Lu3Ir7P5, Sm15Ir33P26, and Ce4Ir14P9.
Protonation of Benzo-18-crown-6: Extraction and DFT Study
Authors: Toman Petr , Makrlík Emanuel , Vaňura Petr , Kašička Vaclav 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
From extraction experiments and γ-activity measurements, the extraction constant corresponding to the equilibrium H3O+(aq) + 1·Na+(nb)⇌1·H3O+(nb) + Na+(aq) taking place in the two-phase water-nitrobenzene system (1 = benzo-18-crown-6, aq = aqueous phase, nb = nitrobenzene phase) was evaluated as log K
ex(H3O+, 1·Na+)=-0.8±0.1. Further, the stability constant of the 1·H3O+ complex in water-saturated nitrobenzene was calculated for a temperature of 25°C as log β
nb(1·H3O+)=6.3±0.1. Finally, by using quantum mechanical DFT calculations, the most probable structure of the 1·H3O+ cationic complex species was derived. In this complex, the hydroxonium ion H3O+ is bound by three strong linear hydrogen bonds to one (Ar–O–CH2) ethereal oxygen and two (CH2–O–CH2) ethereal oxygen atoms of the parent crown ligand 1. The interaction energy was found to be -401.4kJ/mol, confirming the formation of the considered complex 1·H3O+.
Aspergillus peritonitis esete
Authors: Patyi Márta , Svébis Mihály 
Published: December 2010

AbsztraktAz egyre növekvő számú immunsuprimált beteg között a gombafertőzések előfordulása, köztük az Aspergillusok által kiváltott fertőzések száma emelkedik. Nő a klinikusokban a gombadiagnosztikára az igény, és egyre nagyobb kihívást jelent ezen betegek kezelése. A közleményben szereplő 53 éves férfi esetét a szerzők azért tartják bemutatásra érdemesnek, mivel az irodalomban nagyon kevés Aspergillus peritonitis leírás található, és a hosszú ápolási idő alatt megjelenő sok egyéb infekció kezelése is nehéz, valamint költséges volt. A szerzők felhívják a figyelmet továbbá a konziliáriusi munka, a tenyésztési mintavételek fontosságára is.
Drag reduction of dense fine-grained slurries
Authors: Vlasak Pavel , Chara Zdenek , Stern Petr 
Published: December 2010

Drag reduction of dense fine-grained slurriesAttractive and repulsive forces acting in the slurry due to different ions absorbed on surface of fine particles, especially colloidal ones, strongly affect the flow behaviour of highly concentrated fine-grained slurries. The attractive forces between the fine-grained solid particles initiate the coagulation process, which gives rise to voluminous aggregates where a large amount of water is fixed. A modification of the physical-chemical environment of the slurry by addition of a peptizing agent produces repulsive forces between particles. They result in destruction of the aggregates, water originally fixed in the aggregates is liberated, the viscous friction can play a larger role in the slurry, which is liquefied. To prove these process three different kaolin-water mixtures were tested with an overpressure capillary viscometer, rotational viscometer, and experimental pipeline loop. The effect of two peptizing agents and their concentration was investigated. It was demonstrated that even very low concentration of peptizing agent results in a significant reduction in the apparent viscosity and in the yield stress.
Unboosted atazanavir-based therapy maintains control of HIV type-1 replication as effectively as a ritonavir-boosted regimen
Authors: Ghosn Jade , Carosi Giampiero , Moreno Santiago , Pokrovsky Vadim , Lazzarin Adriano , Pialoux Gilles , Sanz-Moreno Jose , Balogh Agnes , Vandeloise Eric , Biguenet Sophie , Leleu Ghislaine , Delfraissy Jean-Francois 
Published: December 2010

Background Triple combination therapy based on a ritonavir (RTV)-boosted protease inhibitor plus two nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) has improved outcomes in HIV type-1 (HIV-1)-infected patients. For patients unable to tolerate these regimens, alternative therapeutic approaches are needed. Methods We report a comparative, open-label study in treatment-naive patients who underwent initial induction treatment with a triple combination including RTV-boosted atazanavir (ATV; 300/100 mg once daily). Patients who achieved an HIV-1 viral load <50 copies/ml after the induction period were then randomized in the maintenance phase either to continue on current treatment or to switch to unboosted ATV 400 mg once daily (plus two NRTIs unchanged). Results A total of 252 patients entered the induction phase, of whom 172 were eligible for randomization in the maintenance phase (ATV/RTV n=85 and ATV n=87). The unboosted ATV regimen demonstrated non-inferior efficacy to the ATV/RTV regimen with 78% and 75% of patients, respectively, maintaining virological suppression (HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/ml) up to week 48 after randomization (difference estimate 2.9, 95% confidence interval -9.8–15.5). Time to virological failure and change from the end of the induction phase in mean CD4+ T-cell counts were also similar between the treatment arms. Although both regimens were well-tolerated, unboosted ATV was associated with fewer adverse events, fewer total bilirubin abnormalities and an improved lipid profile compared with ATV/RTV. Conclusions An HIV-1 combined treatment regimen based on unboosted ATV is a feasible treatment option for patients with established virological control who are unable to tolerate triple combination therapy including ATV/RTV.
Évolution du système linguistique d'apprenants d'allemand à l'aide de corpus numériques. L'exemple de l'adjectif.
Authors: Schaeffer-Lacroix Eva 
Published: December 2010

Les corpus sont des environnements textuels susceptibles de soutenir l'apprentissage d'une langue étrangère (Johns et King, 1991 : iii ; Bernardini, 2004 : 16). Afin de contribuer à donner un fondement empirique à cette attente, j'ai observé l'évolution de la flexion adjectivale lors d'un projet de production écrite en allemand. Le projet a été basé sur l'exploitation de corpus réfléchis, donc de collections de documents en ligne, représentant tous un même genre textuel. J'ai invité treize adolescents francophones de niveau peu avancé à intermédiaire à puiser dans trois corpus du domaine du tourisme afin de réviser leurs textes pouvant potentiellement faire partie du site Internet d'un musée. J'ai comparé leur production de départ, faite sans aide à la rédaction, à deux des productions qu'ils ont créées en ayant un accès illimité aux corpus, et à leur production finale lors de laquelle ils ont pu s'aider d'un texte du corpus et de lignes de concordances présélectionnées. Cette comparaison fait ressortir que, dans certaines conditions, l'utilisation des corpus peut mener à une complexification de la production écrite : dans les données, le nombre de structures parataxiques chute au profit de structures comportant davantage d'adjectifs fléchis et davantage d'adjectifs ayant la fonction d'adverbe.
Reliance, liance et alliance : opérationnalité des concepts dans l'analyse du climat socio-relationnel de groupes restreints d'apprentissage en ligne
Authors: Quintin Jean-Jacques , Masperi Monica 
Published: December 2010

La recherche que nous présentons ici se donne pour but de mesurer le lien entre le "climat socio-relationnel" d'un groupe restreint engagé dans un travail collaboratif en ligne et la qualité des travaux collectifs produits. La démarche méthodologique adoptée, basée sur une analyse des échanges asynchrones entre les membres d'un groupe, nous permet d'aboutir à un modèle opératoire qui fait état des composantes du "climat socio-relationnel" susceptibles d'expliquer les résultats d'apprentissage obtenus. Deux notions – dérivées du concept sociologique de reliance – seront mobilisées : la liance et l'alliance. La première rend compte de la qualité de la relation (la chaleur, l'intimité, les émotions…) qui se crée entre les interlocuteurs au cours de leurs échanges asynchrones. La seconde traduit la manière dont les participants confortent leur contrat d'association en vue de la réalisation du travail commun, afin de répondre aux exigences pédagogiques fixées.Les résultats de cette recherche montrent que, dans notre situation d'étude, le modèle de la reliance explique une part substantielle de la qualité moyenne des produits de l'apprentissage collectif et possède une homogénéité interne non négligeable. Ces éléments concourent à étayer l'assise conceptuelle et le caractère opératoire du modèle présenté.
Double-Stranded RNA Induces Shedding of the 34-kDa Soluble TNFR1 from Human Airway Epithelial Cells via TLR3–TRIF–RIP1-Dependent Signaling: Roles for Dual Oxidase 2- and Caspase-Dependent Pathways
Authors: Yu Man , Lam Jonathan , Rada Balázs , Leto Thomas L. , Levine Stewart J. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
TNF, an important mediator of inflammatory and innate immune responses, can be regulated by binding to soluble TNF receptors. The 55-kDa type 1 TNFR (TNFR1), the key receptor for TNF signaling, is released to the extracellular space by two mechanisms, the inducible cleavage and shedding of 34-kDa soluble TNFR1 (sTNFR1) ectodomains and the constitutive release of full-length 55-kDa TNFR1 within exosome-like vesicles. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize TLR signaling pathways that mediate TNFR1 release to the extracellular space. To our knowledge, we demonstrate for the first time that polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly (I:C)], a synthetic dsRNA analogue that signals via TLR3, induces sTNFR1 shedding from human airway epithelial (NCI-H292) cells, whereas ligands for other microbial pattern recognition receptors, including TLR4, TLR7, and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2, do not. Furthermore, poly (I:C) selectively induces the cleavage of 34-kDa sTNFR1 ectodomains but does not enhance the release of full-length 55-kDa TNFR1 within exosome-like vesicles. RNA interference experiments demonstrated that poly (I:C)-induced sTNFR1 shedding is mediated via activation of TLR3–TRIF–RIP1 signaling, with subsequent activation of two downstream pathways. One pathway involves the dual oxidase 2-mediated generation of reactive oxygen species, and the other pathway is via the caspase-mediated activation of apoptosis. Thus, the ability of dsRNA to induce the cleavage and shedding of the 34-kDa sTNFR1 from human bronchial epithelial cells represents a novel mechanism by which innate immune responses to viral infections are modulated.
Activation of Lipopolysaccharide–TLR4 Signaling Accelerates the Ototoxic Potential of Cisplatin in Mice
Authors: Oh Gi-Su , Kim Hyung-Jin , Choi Jae-Hyuck , Shen AiHua , Kim Chang-Hoi , Kim Se-Jin , Shin Sae-Ron , Hong Seung-Heon , Kim Yunha , Park Channy , Lee Sung-Joong , Akira Shizuo , Park Raekil , So Hong-Seob 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Dysfunction in immune surveillance during anticancer chemotherapy of patients often causes weakness of the host defense system and a subsequent increase in microbial infections. However, the deterioration of organ-specific function related to microbial challenges in cisplatin-treated patients has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we investigated cisplatin-induced TLR4 expression and its binding to LPS in mouse cochlear tissues and the effect of this interaction on hearing function. Cisplatin increased the transcriptional and translational expression of TLR4 in the cochlear tissues, organ of Corti explants, and HEI-OC1 cells. Furthermore, cisplatin increased the interaction between TLR4 and its microbial ligand LPS, thereby upregulating the production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, via NF-κB activation. In C57BL/6 mice, the combined injection of cisplatin and LPS caused severe hearing impairment compared with that in the control, cisplatin-alone, or LPS-alone groups, whereas this hearing dysfunction was completely suppressed in both TLR4 mutant and knockout mice. These results suggest that hearing function can be easily damaged by increased TLR expression and microbial infections due to the weakened host defense systems of cancer patients receiving therapy comprising three to six cycles of cisplatin alone or cisplatin combined with other chemotherapeutic agents. Moreover, such damage can occur even though patients may not experience ototoxic levels of cumulative cisplatin concentration.
Formal deformations and their categorical general fibre
Authors: Huybrechts Daniel , Macrì Emanuele , Stellari Paolo 
Published: December 2010

We study the general fibre of a formal deformation over the formal disk of a projective variety from the view point of abelian and derived categories. The abelian category of coherent sheaves of the general fibre is constructed directly from the formal deformation and is shown to be linear over the field of Laurent series. The various candidates for the derived category of the general fibre are compared.
If the variety is a surface with trivial canonical bundle, we show that the derived category of the general fibre is again a linear triangulated category with a Serre functor given by the square of the shift functor. The paper is a companion to [9], where the results are applied to Fourier–Mukai equivalences of K3 surfaces.
Anxiety Associated With Post Traumatic Stress Disorder—The Role of Quantitative Electro- encephalograph in Diagnosis and in Guiding Neurofeedback Training to Remediate the Anxiety
Authors: Walker Jonathan E. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
The literature regarding neurofeedback treatment of anxiety associated with post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is reviewed. The results of quantitative electroencephalograph (QEEG) guided neurofeedback training for anxiety in nineteen PTSD patients is analyzed, along with the change in anxiety in four control patients who did not do neurofeedback. Those who did neurofeedback training experienced clinically significant reductions in anxiety, whereas there was no significant change in anxiety in the control group. QEEG-guided neurofeedback appears to be effective in a higher percentage of patients than non–QEEG-guided training in increasing alpha and theta, based on results in the published literature.
The Special Applicability of the Low Energy Neurofeedback System Form of Neurofeedback to Traumatic Brain Injury: I. The Theory
Authors: Larsen H. Stephen 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Each year, 1.5 million Americans suffer head injuries, and many of these injuries go untreated, while mainstream medicine uses powerful diagnostic tools and weak therapeutic ones. Neither psychopharmacology, behavioral, nor psychotherapeutic therapies hold much promise, and the symptoms of traumatic brain injury (TBI) are often misunderstood and misdiagnosed. Neurofeedback, with its EEG-based diagnostic approach and its therapies aimed at redirecting neural processing, seems ideally suited for therapy with TBI, but of the traditional neurofeedback paradigms (some going high and some low in their desired training frequencies), there is no one size that fits all. However, the flexibility bestowed by the Low Energy Neurofeedback System (LENS) form of neurofeedback breaks through entrenched maladaptive patterns and opens new possibilities for sufferers of TBI. The success of the LENS approach shows the efficiency of a specific cutting-edge technique and the efficacy of neurofeedback in general as a therapeutic modality.