bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature‐dependant development of Nasonia vitripennis on five forensically important carrion fly species
Authors: Voss Sasha C. , Spafford Helen , Dadour Ian R. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe effects of temperature and host species on the development of Nasonia vitripennis Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), a forensically important parasitoid of carrion flies, were studied under laboratory conditions. Development time of N. vitripennis on five species of Calliphoridae (Diptera), Calliphora albifrontalis Malloch, Calliphora dubia Macquart, Lucilia sericata Meigen, Chrysomya rufifacies Macquart, and Chrysomya megacephala Fabricius, were determined under eight constant temperatures (15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, and 36 °C). Thermal requirements for development (developmental thresholds, thermal constant, and optimum temperature) of N. vitripennis in each host species were estimated using linear and nonlinear models. Upper and lower developmental thresholds ranged between 36.6–38.4 and 9.6–11.1 °C, respectively. The optimum temperature for development was estimated at between 30.6 and 31.8 °C. Statistical differences in the development time of N. vitripennis on the various calliphorid host species were evident within all temperature treatments, particularly at the upper and lower temperature range investigated. As such, it is recommended that insect‐based estimates of time since death in forensic investigations relying on parasitoid evidence should use host‐specific development data where available.
The use of autologous venous blood for maxillary sinus floor augmentation in conjunction with sinus membrane elevation: an experimental study
Authors: Kim Ha‐Rang , Choi Byung‐Ho , Xuan Feng , Jeong Seung‐Mi 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackground: There have been reports of successful bone formation with sinus floor elevation induced by simply elevating the maxillary sinus membrane and filling the sinus cavity with a blood clot.Purpose: We investigated the feasibility of maxillary sinus floor augmentation using the patient's own venous blood in conjunction with a sinus membrane elevation procedure.Materials and methods: An implant that protruded 8 mm into the maxillary sinus after sinus membrane elevation was placed in the maxillary sinus of six adult female mongrel dogs. The resulting space between the membrane and the sinus floor was filled with autologous venous blood retrieved from each dog. The implants were left in place for 6 months.Results: During the experimental period, the created space collapsed and the sinus membrane fell down onto the implant. A small amount of new bone formation occurred in the space created by the collapsed membrane. The average height of newly formed bone around the implants in the sinus was 2.7±0.7 mm on the buccal side and 0.6±0.3 mm on the palatal side.Conclusion: The results of this pilot study indicate that blood clots do not have sufficient integrity to enable the sinus membrane to remain in an elevated position for therapeutically effective periods of time. Accordingly, it is recommended that this method be used only when a small aount of new bone formation is necessary around implants in the maxillary sinus cavity. To cite this article:
Kim H‐R, Choi B‐H, Xuan F, Jeong S‐M. The use of autologous venous blood for maxillary sinus floor augmentation in conjunction with sinus membrane elevation: an experimental study. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2010; 346–349. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2009.01855.x
Comparing dose–response measurements of oral habits on oral leukoplakia and oral submucous fibrosis from a community screening program
Authors: Yang Yi‐Hsin , Ho Pei‐Shan , Lu Huey‐Mei , Huang I‐Yueh , Chen Chung‐Ho 
Published: February 2010

J Oral Pathol Med (2010) 39: 306–312Background:  Many studies have reported that the interaction and dose–response effects of betel quid chewing, tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking habits are important risk factors for oral cancer and precancerous lesions or conditions. These results are useful for comparing statistics, but may not be informative for personal disease‐related information.Methods:  This study used data from a community screening program to evaluate the dose–response effects of daily frequency and duration from oral habits in Taiwan. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were further used to compare exposure measurements on indicating the occurrence of lesions/conditions.Results:  Our results showed that the highest prevalence was found in leukoplakia (11.1%) and followed by oral submucous fibrosis (OSF, 4.4%). Betel quid chewing habit was found to have dose–response effects on leukoplakia and OSF, cigarette smoking habit only has the dose–response effect on leukoplakia, and alcohol drinking was not associated with both oral precancers. The daily frequency of chewing habit is a better indicator than other dose–response measurements for the occurrence of precancers. In addition, the cut‐off points of two to five counts per day have about 60–82% of sensitivities and 79–88% of specificities.Conclusions:  The cut‐off points from ROC curves can provide an informative message to people with oral habits and their chances of developing diseases. High daily frequency of chewing can lead to excessive irritation to oral mucosa. Although the tobacco is never added to chewing quid in Taiwan, intensive irritation may play an important role in developing oral precancers in Taiwan.
The pharmacological chaperone isofagomine increases the activity of the Gaucher disease L444P mutant form of β‐glucosidase
Authors: Khanna Richie , Benjamin Elfrida R. , Pellegrino Lee , Schilling Adriane , Rigat Brigitte A. , Soska Rebecca , Nafar Hadis , Ranes Brian E. , Feng Jessie , Lun Yi , Powe Allan C. , Palling David J. , Wustman Brandon A. , Schiffmann Raphael , Mahuran Don J. , Lockhart David J. , Valenzano Kenneth J. 
Published: February 2010

Gaucher disease is caused by mutations in the gene that encodes the lysosomal enzyme acid β‐glucosidase (GCase). We have shown previously that the small molecule pharmacological chaperone isofagomine (IFG) binds and stabilizes N370S GCase, resulting in increased lysosomal trafficking and cellular activity. In this study, we investigated the effect of IFG on L444P GCase. Incubation of Gaucher patient‐derived lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) or fibroblasts with IFG led to approximately 3.5‐ and 1.3‐fold increases in L444P GCase activity, respectively, as measured in cell lysates. The effect in fibroblasts was increased approximately 2‐fold using glycoprotein‐enrichment, GCase‐immunocapture, or by incubating cells overnight in IFG‐free media prior to assay, methods designed to maximize GCase activity by reducing IFG carryover and inhibition in the enzymatic assay. IFG incubation also increased the lysosomal trafficking and in situ activity of L444P GCase in intact cells, as measured by reduction in endogenous glucosylceramide levels. Importantly, this reduction was seen only following three‐day incubation in IFG‐free media, underscoring the importance of IFG removal to restore lysosomal GCase activity. In mice expressing murine L444P GCase, oral administration of IFG resulted in significant increases (2‐ to 5‐fold) in GCase activity in disease‐relevant tissues, including brain. Additionally, eight‐week IFG administration significantly lowered plasma chitin III and IgG levels, and 24‐week administration significantly reduced spleen and liver weights. Taken together, these data suggest that IFG can increase the lysosomal activity of L444P GCase in cells and tissues. Moreover, IFG is orally available and distributes into multiple tissues, including brain, and may thus merit therapeutic evaluation for patients with neuronopathic and non‐neuronopathic Gaucher disease.Structured digital abstract
MINT‐7555323, MINT‐7555338, MINT‐7555398: LAMP1 (uniprotkb: P11279) and GCase (uniprotkb:P04062) colocalize (MI:0403) by fluorescence microscopy (MI:0416)
Downregulation of the Basic Peroxidase Isoenzyme from Zinnia elegans by Gibberellic Acid
Authors: López Núñez‐Flores María Josefa , Gutiérrez Jorge , Gómez‐Ros Laura V. , Novo Uzal Esther , Sottomayor Mariana , Ros Barceló Alfonso 
Published: February 2010

Abstract Hypocotyl formation during the epigeal germination of seedlings is under strict hormonal regulation. In a 3 d old Zinnia elegans seedling system, gibberellic acid (GA3) exerts an opposite effect to that exerted by light on hypocotyl photomorphogenesis because GA3 promotes an etiolated‐like growth with an inhibition of radial (secondary) growth. For this reason, the effect of GA3 on the basic peroxidase isoenzyme from Z. elegans (ZePrx), an enzyme involved in hypocotyl lignin biosynthesis, was studied. The results showed that GA3 reduces ZePrx activity, similarly to the way in which it reduces seedling secondary growth. This hormonal response is supported by the analysis of the ZePrx promoter, which contains four types of GA3‐responsive cis‐elements: the W Box/O2S; the Pyr Box; the GARE; and the Amy Box. Taken together, these results suggest that ZePrx is directly regulated by GA3, with this effect matching the inhibitory effect of GA on the hypocotyl secondary growth.
Expression of Acyl‐lipid Δ12‐desaturase Gene in Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells and Its Effect on Cold Stress Tolerance of Potato
Authors: Amiri Reza Maali , Yur’eva Natalia O. , Shimshilashvili Khristina R. , Goldenkova‐Pavlova Irina V. , Pchelkin Vasiliy P. , Kuznitsova Elmira I. , Tsydendambaev Vladimir D. , Trunova Tamara I. , Los Dmitry A. , Jouzani Gholamreza Salehi , Nosov Alexander M. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract We report the expression profile of acyl‐lipid Δ12‐desaturase (desA) gene from Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 and its effect on cell membrane lipid composition and cold tolerance in prokaryotic (Escherichia coli) and eukaryotic (Solanum tuberosum) cells. For this purpose, a hybrid of desA and reporter gene encoding thermostable lichenase (licBM3) was constructed and used to transform these cells. The expression of this hybrid gene was measured using qualitative (Petri dish test, electrophoregram and zymogram) and quantitative methods (spectrometry and gas liquid chromatography assays). The maximum level of linoleic acid in the bacterial cells containing hybrid gene was 1.9% of total fatty acids. Cold stress tolerance assays using plant damage index and growth parameters showed that cold tolerance was enhanced in primary transgenic lines because of increased unsaturated fatty acid concentration in their lipids. The greatest content of 18:2 and 18:3 fatty acids in primary transgenic plants was observed for lines 2 (73%) and 3 (41%). Finally, our results showed that desaturase could enhance tolerance to cold stress in potato, and desaturase and lichenase retain their functionality in the structure of the hybrid protein where the enzymatic activity of target gene product was higher than in the case of reporter lichenase gene absence in the construction.
Lignin Biosynthesis Studies in Plant Tissue Cultures
Authors: Kärkönen Anna , Koutaniemi Sanna 
Published: February 2010

Abstract Lignin, a phenolic polymer abundant in cell walls of certain cell types, has given challenges to scientists studying its structure or biosynthesis. In plants lignified tissues are distributed between other, non‐lignified tissues. Characterization of native lignin in the cell wall has been difficult due to the highly cross‐linked nature of the wall components. Model systems, like plant tissue cultures with tracheary element differentiation or extracellular lignin formation, have provided useful information related to lignin structure and several aspects of lignin formation. For example, many enzyme activities in the phenylpropanoid pathway have been first identified in tissue cultures. This review focuses on studies where the use of plant tissue cultures has been advantageous in structural and biosynthesis studies of lignin, and discusses the validity of tissue cultures as models for lignin biosynthesis.
The Actin Cytoskeleton and Signaling Network during Pollen Tube Tip Growth
Authors: Fu Ying 
Published: February 2010

Abstract The organization and dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton play key roles in many aspects of plant cell development. The actin cytoskeleton responds to internal developmental cues and environmental signals and is involved in cell division, subcellular organelle movement, cell polarity and polar cell growth. The tip‐growing pollen tubes provide an ideal model system to investigate fundamental mechanisms of underlying polarized cell growth. In this system, most signaling cascades required for tip growth, such as Ca2+‐, small GTPases‐ and lipid‐mediated signaling have been found to be involved in transmitting signals to a large group of actin‐binding proteins. These actin‐binding proteins subsequently regulate the structure of the actin network, as well as the rapid turnover of actin filaments (F‐actin), thereby eventually controlling tip growth. The actin cytoskeleton acts as an integrator in which multiple signaling pathways converge, providing a general growth and regulatory mechanism that applies not only for tip growth but also for polarized diffuse growth in plants.
Calcium at the Cell Wall‐Cytoplast Interface
Authors: Hepler Peter K. , Winship Lawrence J. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract Attention is given to the role of Ca2+ at the interface between the cell wall and the cytoplast, especially as seen in pollen tubes. While the cytoplasm directs the synthesis and deposition of the wall, it is less well appreciated that the wall exerts considerable self control and influences activities of the cytoplasm. Ca2+ participates as a crucial factor in this two way communication. In the cytoplasm, a [Ca2+] above 0.1 μM, regulates myriad processes, including secretion of cell wall components. In the cell wall Ca2+, at 10 μM to 10 mM, binds negative charges on pectins and imparts structural rigidity to the wall. The plasma membrane occupies a pivotal position between these two compartments, where selective channels regulate influx of Ca2+, and specific carriers pump the ion back into the wall. In addition we draw attention to different factors, which either respond to the wall or are present in the wall, and usually generate elevated [Ca2+] in the cytoplasm. These factors include: (i) stretch activated channels; (ii) calmodulin; (iii) annexins; (iv) wall associated kinases; (v) oligogalacturonides; and (vi) extracellular adenosine 5′‐triphosphate. Together they provide evidence for a rich and multifaceted system of communication between the cytoplast and cell wall, with Ca2+ as a carrier of information.
Secondary Cell Wall Deposition in Developing Secondary Xylem of Poplar
Authors: Kaneda Minako , Rensing Kim , Samuels Lacey 
Published: February 2010

Abstract Although poplar is widely used for genomic and biotechnological manipulations of wood, the cellular basis of wood development in poplar has not been accurately documented at an ultrastructural level. Developing secondary xylem cells from hybrid poplar (Populus deltoides x P. trichocarpa), which were actively making secondary cell walls, were preserved with high pressure freezing/freeze substitution for light and electron microscopy. The distribution of xylans and mannans in the different cell types of developing secondary xylem were detected with immunofluorescence and immuno‐gold labeling. While xylans, detected with the monoclonal antibody LM10, had a general distribution across the secondary xylem, mannans were enriched in the S2 secondary cell wall layer of fibers. To observe the cellular structures associated with secondary wall production, cryofixed fibers were examined with transmission electron microscopy during differentiation. There were abundant cortical microtubules and endomembrane activity in cells during the intense phase of secondary cell wall synthesis. Microtubule‐associated small membrane compartments were commonly observed, as well as Golgi and secretory vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane.
Cell Wall Lignin is Polymerised by Class III Secretable Plant Peroxidases in Norway Spruce
Authors: Fagerstedt Kurt V. , Kukkola Eija M. , Koistinen Ville V.T. , Takahashi Junko , Marjamaa Kaisa 
Published: February 2010

Abstract Class III secretable plant peroxidases occur as a large family of genes in plants with many functions and probable redundancy. In this review we are concentrating on the evidence we have on the catalysis of lignin polymerization by class III plant peroxidases present in the apoplastic space in the xylem of trees. Some evidence exists on the specificity of peroxidase isozymes in lignin polymerization through substrate specificity studies, from antisense mutants in tobacco and poplar and from tissue and cell culture lines of Norway spruce (Picea abies) and Zinnia elegans. In addition, real time (RT‐)PCR results have pointed out that many peroxidases have tissue specific expression patterns in Norway spruce. Through combining information on catalytic properties of the enzymes, on the expression patterns of the corresponding genes, and on the presence of monolignols and hydrogen peroxide in the apoplastic space, we can show that specific peroxidases catalyze lignin polymerization in the apoplastic space of Norway spruce xylem.
The Plant Exocyst
Authors: Zhang Ying , Liu Chun‐Ming , Emons Anne‐Mie C. , Ketelaar Tijs 
Published: February 2010

Abstract The exocyst is an octameric vesicle tethering complex that functions upstream of SNARE mediated exocytotic vesicle fusion with the plasma membrane. All proteins in the complex have been conserved during evolution, and genes that encode the exocyst subunits are present in the genomes of all plants investigated to date. Although the plant exocyst has not been studied in great detail, it is likely that the basic function of the exocyst in vesicle tethering is conserved. Nevertheless, genomic and genetic studies suggest that the exocyst complex in plants may have more diversified roles than that in budding yeast. In this review, we compare the knowledge about the exocyst in plant cells to the well‐studied exocyst in budding yeast, in order to explore similarities and differences in expression and function between these organisms, both of which have walled cells.
Reactive Oxygen Species during Plant‐microorganism Early Interactions
Authors: Nanda Amrit K. , Andrio Emilie , Marino Daniel , Pauly Nicolas , Dunand Christophe 
Published: February 2010

Abstract Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are continuously produced as a result of aerobic metabolism or in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. ROS are not only toxic by‐products of aerobic metabolism, but are also signalling molecules involved in several developmental processes in all organisms. Previous studies have clearly shown that an oxidative burst often takes place at the site of attempted invasion during the early stages of most plant‐pathogen interactions. Moreover, a second ROS production can be observed during certain types of plant‐pathogen interactions, which triggers hypersensitive cell death (HR). This second ROS wave seems absent during symbiotic interactions. This difference between these two responses is thought to play an important signalling role leading to the establishment of plant defense. In order to cope with the deleterious effects of ROS, plants are fitted with a large panel of enzymatic and non‐enzymatic antioxidant mechanisms. Thus, increasing numbers of publications report the characterisation of ROS producing and scavenging systems from plants and from microorganisms during interactions. In this review, we present the current knowledge on the ROS signals and their role during plant‐microorganism interactions.
Phylogenetically Distinct Cellulose Synthase Genes Support Secondary Wall Thickening in Arabidopsis Shoot Trichomes and Cotton Fiber
Authors: Betancur Lissete , Singh Bir , Rapp Ryan A. , Wendel Jonathan F. , Marks M. David , Roberts Alison W. , Haigler Candace H. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract Through exploring potential analogies between cotton seed trichomes (or cotton fiber) and arabidopsis shoot trichomes we discovered that CesAs from either the primary or secondary wall phylogenetic clades can support secondary wall thickening. CesA genes that typically support primary wall synthesis, AtCesA1,2,3,5, and 6, underpin expansion and secondary wall thickening of arabidopsis shoot trichomes. In contrast, apparent orthologs of CesA genes that support secondary wall synthesis in arabidopsis xylem, AtCesA4,7, and 8, are up‐regulated for cotton fiber secondary wall deposition. These conclusions arose from: (a) analyzing the expression of CesA genes in arabidopsis shoot trichomes; (b) observing birefringent secondary walls in arabidopsis shoot trichomes with mutations in AtCesA4, 7, or 8; (c) assaying up‐regulated genes during different stages of cotton fiber development; and (d) comparing genes that were co‐expressed with primary or secondary wall CesAs in arabidopsis with genes up‐regulated in arabidopsis trichomes, arabidopsis secondary xylem, or cotton fiber during primary or secondary wall deposition. Cumulatively, the data show that: (a) the xylem of arabidopsis provides the best model for secondary wall cellulose synthesis in cotton fiber; and (b) CesA genes within a “cell wall toolbox” are used in diverse ways for the construction of particular specialized cell walls.
What Do We Really Know about Cellulose Biosynthesis in Higher Plants?
Authors: Guerriero Gea , Fugelstad Johanna , Bulone Vincent 
Published: February 2010

Abstract Cellulose biosynthesis is one of the most important biochemical processes in plant biology. Despite the considerable progress made during the last decade, numerous fundamental questions related to this key process in plant development are outstanding. Numerous models have been proposed through the years to explain the detailed molecular events of cellulose biosynthesis. Almost all models integrate solid experimental data with hypotheses on several of the steps involved in the process. Speculative models are most useful to stimulate further research investigations and bring new exciting ideas to the field. However, it is important to keep their hypothetical nature in mind and be aware of the risk that some undemonstrated hypotheses may progressively become admitted. In this review, we discuss the different steps required for cellulose formation and crystallization, and highlight the most important specific aspects that are supported by solid experimental data.
General two-dimensional least-squares image subtraction
Authors: Quinn J. L. , Clocchiatti A. , Hamuy M. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
A very general two-dimensional solution to the image convolution problem is presented extending the least-squares approach of Bramich. Image convolution is of wide applicability in astronomical data reduction including, but not limited to, light-curve analysis, microlensing and planet transits. The authors present the solution in a manner of interest to someone wishing to code a spatially varying implementation of the least-squares method.