bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinctive CD3 Heterodimeric Ectodomain Topologies Maximize Antigen-Triggered Activation of αβ T Cell Receptors
Authors: Kim Sun Taek , Touma Maki , Takeuchi Koh , Sun Zhen-Yu J. , Dave Vibhuti P. , Kappes Dietmar J. , Wagner Gerhard , Reinherz Ellis L. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The αβ TCR has recently been suggested to function as an anisotropic mechanosensor during immune surveillance, converting mechanical energy into a biochemical signal upon specific peptide/MHC ligation of the αβ clonotype. The heterodimeric CD3εγ and CD3εδ subunits, each composed of two Ig-like ectodomains, form unique side-to-side hydrophobic interfaces involving their paired G-strands, rigid connectors to their respective transmembrane segments. Those dimers are laterally disposed relative to the αβ heterodimer within the TCR complex. In this paper, using structure-guided mutational analysis, we investigate the functional consequences of a striking asymmetry in CD3γ and CD3δ G-strand geometries impacting ectodomain shape. The uniquely kinked conformation of the CD3γ G-strand is crucial for maximizing Ag-triggered TCR activation and surface TCR assembly/expression, offering a geometry to accommodate juxtaposition of CD3γ and TCR β ectodomains and foster quaternary change that cannot be replaced by the isologous CD3δ subunit’s extracellular region. TCRβ and CD3 subunit protein sequence analyses among Gnathostomata species show that the Cβ FG loop and CD3γ subunit coevolved, consistent with this notion. Furthermore, restoration of T cell activation and development in CD3γ−/− mouse T lineage cells by interspecies replacement can be rationalized from structural insights on the topology of chimeric mouse/human CD3εδ dimers. Most importantly, our findings imply that CD3γ and CD3δ evolved from a common precursor gene to optimize peptide/MHC-triggered αβ TCR activation.
TLR-Mediated Loss of CD62L Focuses B Cell Traffic to the Spleen duringSalmonella typhimuriumInfection
Authors: Morrison Vicky L. , Barr Tom A. , Brown Sheila , Gray David 
Published: July 2010

AbstractB cells recognize Ags on microorganisms both with their BCRs and TLRs. This innate recognition has the potential to alter the behavior of whole populations of B cells. We show in this study that in culture and in mice, MyD88-dependent activation of B cells via TLR2 or TLR9 causes the rapid loss of expression of CD62L by metalloproteinase-dependent shedding. Adoptive transfer of in vitro CpG-activated B cells showed them to be excluded from lymph nodes and Peyer’s patches, but not the spleen. In vivo, both injection of CpG and systemic infection with Salmonella typhimurium caused the shedding of CD62L and the consequent focusing of B cell migration to the spleen and away from lymph nodes. We propose that wholesale TLR-mediated changes to B cell migration influence the development of immunity to pathogens carrying appropriate ligands.
Tris(8‐hydroxyquinoline‐5‐sulfonate)aluminum Intercalated Mg–Al Layered Double Hydroxide with Blue Luminescence by Hydrothermal Synthesis
Authors: Li Shuangde , Lu Jun , Wei Min , Evans David G. , Duan Xue 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBlue luminescent hybrid materials (DDS–AQS(x%)/LDH) are successfully prepared by co‐intercalating tris(8‐hydroxyquinoline‐5‐sulfonate)aluminum anions (AQS3−) and dodecyl sulfonate (DDS−) with different molar ratios into Mg–Al layered double hydroxides (LDHs) by the hydrothermal and solution co‐precipitation methods. A film of the material on a quartz substrate is obtained by the solvent evaporation method. The results show the blue luminescence is remarkably different from the pristine Na3AQS, which has cyan luminescence (ca. 450–470 nm vs. 495 nm). Furthermore, the hydrothermal product of DDS–AQS(66.67%)/LDH exhibits optimal luminous intensity and a significantly enhanced fluorescence lifetime. Nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy indicate that the cyan–blue luminescence transition is due to the isomerization of meridianal to facial AQS via ligand flip caused by a host–guest electrostatic interaction, in combination with the dispersion and pre‐intercalation effect of DDS. The hydrothermal conditions can promote a more ordered alignment of the intercalated fac‐AQS compared with alignment in the solution state, and the rigid LDHs environment can confine the internal mobility of AQS to keep the facial configuration stable. This stability allows a facile preparation of large amounts of blue luminous powder/film, which is a new type of inorganic–organic hybrid photofunctional material.
Time–Temperature–Transformation (TTT) Diagrams for Crystallization of Metal Oxide Thin Films
Authors: Rupp Jennifer L. M. , Scherrer Barbara , Schäuble Nina , Gauckler Ludwig J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTime–temperature–transformation (TTT) diagrams are proposed for the crystallization of amorphous metal oxide thin films and their specific characteristics are discussed in comparison to glass‐based materials, such as glass‐ceramics and metallic glasses. The films crystallize from amorphous to full crystallinity in the solid state. As an example the crystallization kinetics for a single‐phase metal oxide, ceria, and its gadolinia solid solutions are reported made by the precipitation thin‐film method spray pyrolysis. The crystallization of an amorphous metal oxide thin film generally follows the Lijschitz–Sletow–Wagner (LSW) Ostwald ripening theory: Below the percolation threshold of 20 vol% single grains crystallize in the amorphous phase and low crystallization rates are measured. In this state no impact of solute on crystallization is measurable. Once the grains form primary clusters above the threshold the solute slows down crystallization (and grain growth) thus shifting the TTT curves of the doped ceria films to longer times and higher temperatures in comparison to undoped ceria. Current views on crystallization of metal oxide thin films, the impact of solute dragging, and primary TTT diagrams are discussed. Finally, examples on how to use these TTT diagrams for better thermokinetic engineering of metal oxide thin films for MEMS are given, for example, for micro‐Solid Oxide Fuel Cells and resistive sensors. In these examples the electrical properties depend on the degree of crystallinity and, thereby, on the TTT conditions.
Nanostructured Thermoelectrics: Big Efficiency Gains from Small Features
Authors: Vineis Christopher J. , Shakouri Ali , Majumdar Arun , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe field of thermoelectrics has progressed enormously and is now growing steadily because of recently demonstrated advances and strong global demand for cost‐effective, pollution‐free forms of energy conversion. Rapid growth and exciting innovative breakthroughs in the field over the last 10–15 years have occurred in large part due to a new fundamental focus on nanostructured materials. As a result of the greatly increased research activity in this field, a substantial amount of new data—especially related to materials—have been generated. Although this has led to stronger insight and understanding of thermoelectric principles, it has also resulted in misconceptions and misunderstanding about some fundamental issues. This article sets out to summarize and clarify the current understanding in this field; explain the underpinnings of breakthroughs reported in the past decade; and provide a critical review of various concepts and experimental results related to nanostructured thermoelectrics. We believe recent achievements in the field augur great possibilities for thermoelectric power generation and cooling, and discuss future paths forward that build on these exciting nanostructuring concepts.
Conceptual design of distillation processes for mixtures with distillation boundaries. II. Optimization of recycle policies
Authors: Brüggermann Stefan , Marquardt Wolfgang 
Published: July 2010

AbstractGeometric design methods for the conceptual design of azeotropic distillation processes are fast and efficient tools for the economic screening of different process alternatives. The second article of this two‐part series presents a novel optimization‐based conceptual design framework for azeotropic distillation processes, which allows a rapid screening of the different process alternatives with respect to feasibility and economic incentive. The design framework is based on the economic assessment of distillation columns by the rectification body method. The feasibility limits imposed by the azeotropes are incorporated using the split feasibility test introduced in the first part of this series. The application of the framework is highlighted with several ternary and quaternary process alternatives for the production of high‐purity alcohols. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Nanostructured Carbonaceous Materials from Molecular Precursors
Authors: Hoheisel Tobias N. , Schrettl Stephen , Szilluweit Ruth , Frauenrath Holger 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNanostructured carbonaceous materials, that is, carbon materials with a feature size on the nanometer scale and, in some cases, functionalized surfaces, already play an important role in a wide range of emerging fields, such as the search for novel energy sources, efficient energy storage, sustainable chemical technology, as well as organic electronic materials. Furthermore, such materials might offer solutions to the challenges associated with the on‐going depletion of nonrenewable energy resources or climate change, and they may promote further breakthroughs in the field of microelectronics. However, novel methods for their preparation will be required that afford functional carbon materials with controlled surface chemistry, mesoscopic morphology, and microstructure. A highly promising approach for the synthesis of such materials is based on the use of well‐defined molecular precursors.
Cartilage tissue enhances proteoglycan retention by nucleus pulposus cells in vitro
Authors: Arana Claudia J. , Diamandis Eleftherios P. , Kandel Rita A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effect of cartilage on nucleus pulposus (NP) tissue in an in vitro model.MethodsCells were isolated from bovine NP or articular cartilage and allowed to form tissue in vitro. The NP tissue was grown either alone or in the presence of cartilage tissue (coculture) for up to 4 weeks and examined for histologic appearance, gene expression, and biochemical composition. For selected experiments, NP tissue was grown in coculture with fragments of cartilage end‐plate.ResultsCoculture of in vitro–formed NP tissue with cartilage end‐plate tissue resulted in a significant increase in proteoglycan content in the NP tissue by 2 weeks, compared with NP tissue grown alone. Substituting in vitro–formed cartilage tissue for cartilage end‐plate also had a positive effect on the NP tissue, suggesting that it was an appropriate substitute for cartilage end‐plate. Coculture of NP with in vitro–formed cartilage for 2 weeks increased aggrecan and collagen gene expression compared with that in NP tissue grown alone, and also reduced expression of matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP‐3), MMP‐13, and ADAMTS‐5. NP cells from older and younger animals responded similarly to in vitro–formed cartilage. Expression of genes for tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and TACE in NP cells was higher when grown in the absence of cartilage. This corresponded with increased TNFα protein levels in the absence of cartilage.ConclusionThe data suggest that chondrocytes may secrete a factor(s) that positively enhances tissue growth, perhaps by inhibiting TNFα production. This could be a potential mechanism explaining how loss of the cartilage end‐plate may contribute to the development of NP degenerative changes.
Identification of candidate loci at 6p21 and 21q22 in a genome‐wide association study of cardiac manifestations of neonatal lupus
Authors: Clancy Robert M. , Marion Miranda C. , Kaufman Kenneth M. , Ramos Paula S. , Adler Adam ,   International Consortium on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Genetics, Harley John B. , Langefeld Carl D. , Buyon Jill P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjectiveCardiac manifestations of neonatal lupus, comprising atrioventricular conduction defects and cardiomyopathy, occur in fetuses exposed to anti‐Ro/SSA antibodies, and carry substantial mortality. There is strong evidence of a genetic contribution to the risk. This study was undertaken to evaluate single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for associations with cardiac neonatal lupus.MethodsChildren of European ancestry with cardiac neonatal lupus (n = 116) were genotyped using the Illumina 370K SNP platform and merged with 3,351 controls. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for association with cardiac neonatal lupus were determined.ResultsThe 17 most significant associations with cardiac neonatal lupus were found in the HLA region. The region near the MICB gene showed the strongest variant (rs3099844; Pdom = 4.52 × 10−10, OR 3.34 [95% CI 2.29–4.89]), followed by a missense variant within C6orf10 (rs7775397; Pdom = 1.35 × 10−9, OR 3.30), which lies between NOTCH4 and BTNL2, and several SNPs near the tumor necrosis factor α gene, including rs2857595 (Padd = 1.96 × 10−9, OR 2.37), rs2230365 (Padd = 1.00 × 10−3, OR 0.46), and rs3128982 (Padd = 6.40 × 10−6, OR 1.86). Outside the HLA region, an association was detected at 21q22, upstream of the transcription regulator ets‐related isoform 1 (rs743446; P = 5.45 × 10−6, OR 2.40). HLA notwithstanding, no individual locus previously implicated in autoimmune diseases achieved genome‐wide significance.ConclusionThese results suggest that variation near genes related to inflammatory and apoptotic responses may promote cardiac injury initiated by passively acquired autoantibodies.
C5a receptor enables participation of mast cells in immune complex arthritis independently of Fcγ receptor modulation
Authors: Nigrovic Peter A. , Malbec Odile , Lu Bao , Markiewski Maciej M. , Kepley Chris , Gerard Norma , Gerard Craig , Daëron Marc , Lee David M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjectiveMast cells are tissue‐resident immune sentinels that are implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory joint disease. The aim of this study was to test our hypothesis that complement fragments could be key activators of synovial mast cells in autoimmune arthritis.MethodsIn vivo studies used the murine K/BxN arthritis model, a distal symmetric polyarthritis mediated by IgG immune complexes. Expression of C5aR on synovial mast cells was determined by immunohistochemical and functional studies. C5aR−/−and control mast cells were engrafted into mast cell–deficient WBB6 F1‐Kitw/KitW‐v(W/Wv) mice to examine the requirement for this receptor in arthritis. C5aR‐dependent activation of mast cells was investigated in C5aR−/−animals and in murine and human mast cell cultures.ResultsMurine synovial mast cells express functional C5aR. Unlike their wild‐type counterparts, C5aR−/−mast cells adoptively transferred into W/Wv mice were not competent to restore arthritis, despite equivalent synovial engraftment. Activation of C5aR−/−mast cells by K/BxN serum in vivo remained intact, indicating that C5aR is dispensable for normal IgG‐mediated triggering. Consistent with this result, cultured mast cells treated with C5a failed to modulate the expression of Fcγ receptors (FcγR) or to otherwise alter the activation threshold. In human mast cells, C5a promoted the production of the neutrophil chemotaxin interleukin‐8, and recruitment of neutrophils at 24 hours after serum administration was impaired in C5aR−/−mice, suggesting that enhanced neutrophil chemoattractant production underlies the requirement for C5aR on mast cells in arthritis.ConclusionStimulation via C5aR is required to unleash the proinflammatory activity of synovial mast cells in immune complex arthritis, albeit via a mechanism that is distinct from C5a‐modulated expression of FcγR.
Cytokine‐induced increases in ADAMTS‐4 messenger RNA expression do not lead to increased aggrecanase activity in ADAMTS‐5–deficient mice
Authors: Rogerson Fraser M. , Chung Yuen M. , Deutscher Michael E. , Last Karena , Fosang Amanda J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the regulation of aggrecanase messenger RNA (mRNA) and enzyme activity by proinflammatory cytokines in primary mouse chondrocytes.MethodsPrimary chondrocytes were isolated from knee epiphyses of 6–8‐day‐old mice and cultured as monolayers. The cells were incubated with tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), oncostatin M (OSM), or interleukin‐6 (IL‐6)/soluble IL‐6 receptor, and mRNA levels were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction at various time points. To measure aggrecanase activity, the cells were incubated with cytokine in the presence of exogenous aggrecan, and substrate cleavage was measured using antibodies to neoepitopes.ResultsExpression of both ADAMTS‐4 and ADAMTS‐5 mRNA was up‐regulated by TNFα and OSM. ADAMTS‐5 mRNA expression was also up‐regulated by IL‐6. Treatment of wild‐type mouse chondrocytes with each of the 3 cytokines increased cleavage of aggrecan at Glu373↓374Ala and Glu1670↓1671Gly; in chondrocytes lacking ADAMTS‐5 activity, there was negligible cleavage at either site despite increased expression of ADAMTS‐4 mRNA in the presence of TNFα or OSM. None of the cytokines substantially altered mRNA expression of ADAMTS‐1 or ADAMTS‐9.ConclusionDespite substantial increases in the expression of ADAMTS‐4 mRNA induced by TNFα and OSM, these cytokines induced little if any increase in aggrecanolysis in ADAMTS‐5–deficient mouse chondrocytes. Our data show a poor correlation between the level of cytokine‐induced ADAMTS‐4 mRNA expression and the level of aggrecan‐degrading activity in cultured chondrocytes.
Specific antibody protection of the extracellular cartilage matrix against collagen antibody–induced damage
Authors: Croxford Allyson M. , Crombie Duncan , McNaughton Donald , Holmdahl Rikard , Nandakumar Kutty Selva , Rowley Merrill J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjectiveThe type II collagen (CII)–specific monoclonal antibodies (mAb) M2139 and CIIC1 induce arthritis in vivo and degrade bovine cartilage explants in vitro, whereas mAb CIIF4 is nonarthritogenic and prevents arthritis development when given in combination with M2139 and CIIC1. To determine the nature of the protective capacity of CIIF4 antibody, we examined the effects of adding CIIF4 to cartilage explants cultured in vitro with M2139 and CIIC1.MethodsBovine cartilage explants were cultured in the presence of M2139 and CIIC1, with or without CIIF4. Histologic changes were examined, and chemical changes to collagens and proteoglycans were assessed by Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (FTIRM). Fresh cartilage and cartilage that had been freeze‐thawed to kill chondrocytes cultured with or without the addition of GM6001, a broad‐spectrum inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), were compared using FTIRM analysis.ResultsM2139 and CIIC1 caused progressive degradation of the cartilage surface and loss of CII, even in the absence of viable chondrocytes. CIIF4 did not cause cartilage damage, and when given with the arthritogenic mAb, it prevented their damage and permitted matrix regeneration, a process that required viable chondrocytes. Inhibition of MMP activity reduced cartilage damage but did not mimic the effects of CIIF4.ConclusionCII‐reactive antibodies can cause cartilage damage or can be protective in vivo and in vitro, depending on their epitope specificity. Since CII antibodies of similar specificity also occur in rheumatoid arthritis in humans, more detailed studies should unravel the regulatory mechanisms operating at the effector level of arthritis pathogenesis.
Pulmonary involvement in Erdheim‐Chester disease: A single‐center study of thirty‐four patients and a review of the literature
Authors: Arnaud Laurent , Pierre Isabelle , Beigelman‐Aubry Catherine , Capron Frédérique , Brun Anne‐Laure , Rigolet Aude , Girerd Xavier , Weber Nina , Piette Jean‐Charles , Grenier Philippe A. , Amoura Zahir , Haroche Julien 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjectiveErdheim‐Chester disease (ECD) is a rare form of non–Langerhans' cell histiocytosis that may present with pulmonary involvement. We undertook the current study to evaluate the characteristic features of pulmonary involvement in ECD, in the largest single‐center series of patients reported to date.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study of the characteristics of 34 consecutive patients with biopsy‐proven ECD who were referred to the internal medicine department of Pitié‐Salpêtrière Hospital between 1981 and November 2008.ResultsData were obtained from 23 men and 11 women. The median age at the time of diagnosis was 53.7 years (range 16–73 years), and the median followup was 3.5 years (1.4–5.3 years). Eight patients (24%) had pulmonary symptoms. High‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scans of the chest revealed involvement of lung parenchyma in 18 patients (53%) and of the pleura in 14 patients (41%). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis revealed the presence of an opalescent aspirate in all the patients studied. Treatment with corticosteroids and/or interferon‐α (IFNα) resulted in a marked improvement of the pulmonary lesions in only a single patient. Comparison of the survival between patients with and those without pulmonary involvement yielded no significant difference between the groups (P = 0.82).ConclusionPulmonary involvement in ECD has been overlooked in previous studies. HRCT reveals typical lesions in most patients. There is no clear response of these lesions to corticosteroids and IFNα. The overall prognosis of the disease is poor, but pulmonary involvement does not appear to be a major prognostic factor in ECD.
Biomethane production from starch and lignocellulosic crops: a comparative review
Authors: Frigon Jean‐Claude , Guiot Serge R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe methane produced from the anaerobic digestion of organic wastes and energy crops represents an elegant and economical means of generating renewable biofuel. Anaerobic digestion is a mature technology and is already used for the conversion of the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes and excess primary and secondary sludge from waste‐water treatment plants. High methane yield up to 0.45 m3 STP CH4/kg volatile solids (VS) or 12 390 m3 STP CH4/ ha can be achieved with sugar and starch crops, although these cultures are competing with food and feed crops for high‐quality land. The cultivation of lignocellulosic crops on marginal and set‐aside lands is a more environmentally sound and sustainable option for renewable energy production. The methane yield obtained from these crops is lower, 0.17–0.39 m3 STP CH4/kg VS or 5400 m3 STP CH4/ha, as its conversion into methane is facing the same initial barrier as for the production of ethanol, for example, hydrolysis of the crops. Intensive research and development on efficient pre‐treatments is ongoing to optimize the net energy production, which is potentially greater than for liquid biofuels, since the whole substrate excepted lignin is convertible into methane. Copyright © 2010 Crown in the right of Canada