bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Tangential Radiographic Projection for Investigation of the Equine Temporomandibular Joint
Authors: TOWNSEND NEIL B. , COTTON JOHANNA C. , BARAKZAI SAFIA Z. 
Published: June 2009

Objective—To (1) describe a tangential radiographic projection of the equine temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and (2) optimize the radiographic angle and determine its use in standing sedated horses.Study Design—Descriptive study.Animals—Cadaveric equine skulls (n=11); 8 horses with a history of quidding or headshaking.Methods—Tangential radiographic projections were taken of a TMJ of a cadaveric skull before and after intra‐articular injection of radiographic contrast. Additional tangential radiographic projections were taken after TMJ dissection and placement of a wire along the articular surface of the mandibular condyle. Subsequently, 3 tangential radiographs were taken of both TMJs of 10 skulls at 75°, 70°, and 65° to the dorsal plane (Rt/Le15Cd70D‐Le/RtRVO). Each of the 3 images for each TMJ was ranked by 4 observers who were unaware of the projection angle. Interobserver variation was calculated using a Friedman analysis of variance and significance of the most prevalent angle with a 1‐sample repeated measures test. Tangential radiographic projections of both TMJs were then taken of 8 standing sedated horses.Results—Tangential radiographic projections allowed the lateral half of the TMJ to be viewed without superimposition of other structures and the anatomic orientation was determined. A 70° projection to the dorsal plane was ranked as significantly better than other views (P<.001). There was no significant interobserver variation and the technique was safely performed in standing sedated horses with excellent image quality obtained.Clinical Relevance—Tangential radiography of the TMJ may complement and add to information obtained from clinical examination and ultrasonography before referral for more advanced imaging techniques.
Arthroscopic Removal of Metallic Foreign Body from the Talocrural Joint Using a Magnetic Retriever in a Horse
Authors: JANSSON NICOLAI 
Published: June 2009

Objective—To report use of a magnetic retriever for arthroscopic removal of a metallic foreign body from the equine talocrural joint.Study Design—Clinical report.Animals—A 2‐year‐old Warmblood stallion.Methods—A metallic foreign body was removed from a talocrural joint using a 10‐mm magnetic retriever under arthroscopic guidance. Preoperative radiographs were used to locate the intra‐articular position of the foreign body.Results—Six months after surgery, the horse was no longer lame.Conclusions—A magnetic retriever can be used for arthroscopic removal of metallic foreign bodies from the equine talocrural joint.Clinical Relevance—A magnetic retriever may be useful for arthroscopic retrieval of metallic foreign bodies from synovial cavities in horses, especially when direct observation is impeded by inflamed synovial villi and fibrin.
A Novel Pin Distraction Device for Arthroscopic Assessment of the Medial Meniscus in Dogs
Authors: BÖTTCHER PETER , WINKELS PHILIPP , OECHTERING GERHARD 
Published: June 2009

Objective— To describe an extra‐articular joint distractor for meniscal examination and treatment during canine stifle arthroscopy.Study Design— Case series.Animals— Dogs ≥20 kg with suspected cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) deficiency.Methods— A custom designed linear side bar was constructed to allow invasive pin distraction of the stifle joint. Its design efficacy for distraction of the medial joint compartment, observation and probing of the medial meniscus, and value during meniscal surgery was evaluated by clinical use.Results— Application of the stifle distractor medial to the stifle joint using 2 negative threaded pins was easily performed percutaneously without the need of power equipment; however, unintended intra‐articular placement of 1 threaded pin occurred in 2 stifles, without appreciable consequence to joint function. Observation as well as thorough probing of the caudal horn of the medial meniscus, even in the presence of a prominent remnant of the CrCL or severe periarticular fibrosis, was possible. Partial meniscectomy was effectively performed as needed without apparent damage to the associated articular surfaces.Conclusions— Distraction and translation of the medial compartment of the stifle joint using invasive pin distraction allowed observation and palpation of the caudal horn of the medial meniscus so that assessment and treatment were readily accomplished without apparent morbidity.Clinical Relevance— With careful attention to accurate pin placement, invasive pin distraction of the medial compartment of the canine stifle joint may improve arthroscopic evaluation and treatment of meniscal pathology.
Unilateral Uniplanar External Skeletal Fixation for Isolated Diaphyseal Tibial Fractures in Skeletally Immature Dogs
Authors: ARONSOHN MICHAEL G. , BURK RONALD L. 
Published: June 2009

Objective:To report and evaluate use of external skeletal fixation (ESF) for repair of isolated (fibula intact) diaphyseal tibia fractures in skeletally immature dogs.Study Design:Case series.Animals:Skeletally immature (mean age, 17 weeks; range, 12–23 weeks) dogs (n=5) with isolated diaphyseal tibial fractures.Methods:Medical records (2006–2007) of 5 dogs with isolated diaphyseal tibial fractures treated with Type 1a ESF were reviewed and outcome assessed by clinical examination and telephone interviews.Results:Dogs were evaluated ∼2 and 4 weeks after surgery. Limb function, muscle mass, and comfort level remained very good to excellent throughout healing. Bony union was confirmed radiographically and the ESF removed ∼4 weeks after surgery (mean, 31.4 days; range, 28–37 days). Owner satisfaction was high when contacted a minimum of 4 weeks after ESF removal.Conclusions:Use of Type Ia ESF with positive profile threaded pins is a practical and biologic method for treatment of isolated tibial fractures in skeletally immature dogsClinical Relevance:ESF is an effective alternative treatment to external coaptation and internal fixation for isolated diaphyseal tibial fractures in skeletally immature dogs.
Comparison of Sinoscopic Techniques for Examining the Rostral Maxillary and Ventral Conchal Sinuses of Horses
Authors: PERKINS JUSTIN D. , BENNETT CEES , WINDLEY ZOË , SCHUMACHER JIM 
Published: June 2009

Objective—To develop a reliable technique for sinoscopic examination of the ventral conchal (VCS) and rostral maxillary sinuses (RMS) of horsesStudy Design—Descriptive studyAnimals—Cadaveric equine heads (n=40)Methods—The VCS and RMS were examined endoscopically using: (1) rostral trephination of the RMS (rostral RMS approach); (2) caudal trephination of the RMS (caudal RMS approach); (3) conchofrontal sinus (CFS) trephination followed by RMS trephination at a site identified by endoscopic transillumination of the maxillary bone at the most rostral aspect of the caudal maxillary sinus (CMS) (light‐indicated RMS approach); (4) CFS trephination with fenestration of the ventral conchal bulla (VCB; frontal VCB approach); (5) CMS trephination with VCB fenestration (caudal VCB approach); and (6) CFS and CMS trephination with VCB fenestration (combined VCB approach).Results—Success in observing the rostral and caudal aspects of the VCS and RMS with each approach were: (1) rostral RMS approach (0 horses; 16 horses [40%]); (2) caudal RMS approach (0 horses; 11 horses [28%]); (3) light‐indicated RMS approach (3 horses [8%]; 24 horses [60%]); (4) frontal VCB approach (24 horses [60%]; 29 horses [73%] respectively); (5) caudal VCB approach (16 horses [40%] both structures); and (6) combined VCB approach (27 horses [68%]; 35 horses [88%]).Conclusions—Trephination into the CFS coupled with fenestration of the VCB provided consistent access to both the rostral and caudal aspects of the RMS and VCS. A trephine hole into the RMS provided poor access to the VCS, and placed the reserve crowns of the maxillary cheek teeth at risk of damage.Clinical Relevance—The RMS and VCS can be best examined endoscopically using approaches with fenestration of the VCB.
Experience with the Hansen Robotic System for Atrial Fibrillation Ablation—Lessons Learned and Techniques Modified: Hansen in the Real World
Authors: WAZNI OUSSAMA M. , BARRETT CONOR , MARTIN DAVID O. , SHAHEEN MAZEN , TARAKJI KHALDOUN , BARANOWSKI BRYAN , HUSSEIN AYMAN , CALLAHAN THOMAS , DRESING THOMAS , BHARGAVA MANDEEP , KANJ MOHAMED , TCHOU PATRICK , NATALE ANDREA , SALIBA WALID 
Published: June 2009

Introduction:
The Hansen robotic system has only recently been used in the United States for catheter ablation procedures in humans. Atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation may be performed utilizing this system. We report our management of complications with early experience of this system.
Methods and Results:
All 71 patients in whom the system was utilized were included. In all patients, a 2‐operator technique was to be employed; one operator manipulates the ablation catheter via the robot and the other manipulates the circular mapping and intracardiac echocardiogram catheters. There was no procedure‐related mortality. All vascular complications occurred in the first 25 procedures performed. There were 6 intraoperative procedural‐related complications. These included significant vascular complications (n = 4), one of whom required iliac vein stenting, and 2 cardiac tamponade (one related to a pop‐phenomenon)—successfully treated by pericardiocentesis. Early complications (n = 3) were 1 tamponade several hours post‐procedure, 1 vascular complication, and 1 pericarditis. Late complications included 5 patients with severe pulmonary vein stenosis (all in first 27 patients) and 1 patient with gastroparesis. All complications were successfully managed without persistent morbidity and occurred earlier in our experience. This led to specific alterations in our vascular access and ablation techniques. These include the use of a longer 14 Fr sheath, through which the robotic sheath is more safely advanced. The choice of ablation catheter and titration of power, particularly when the catheter has a perpendicular orientation to the atrial wall, is also important.
Conclusions:
The suggested modifications may make the system easier to use with the potential to reduce complications.
Incidence and Predictors of Periprocedural Cerebrovascular Accident in Patients Undergoing Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: SCHERR DANIEL , SHARMA KAVITA , DALAL DARSHAN , SPRAGG DAVID , CHILUKURI KARUNA , CHENG ALAN , DONG JUN , HENRIKSON CHARLES A. , NAZARIAN SAMAN , BERGER RONALD D. , CALKINS HUGH , MARINE JOSEPH E. 
Published: June 2009

Background:
Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is a serious complication of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF). The incidence and clinical predictors of periprocedural CVA in patients undergoing AF ablation are not fully understood.
Methods:
This study included 721 cases (age 57 ± 11 years; 23% female; 345 persistent AF) in 579 consecutive patients referred for AF ablation. Periprocedural CVA was defined as onset of a new neurologic deficit that occurred anytime between the start of the procedure and 30 days after the AF ablation, and was confirmed by a neurologist. Cranial imaging with CT and/or MRI was performed in each case. Patients were anticoagulated with warfarin for at least 4 weeks pre‐ and immediately postprocedure and were bridged with enoxaparin. Transesophageal echocardiography was performed within 24 hours prior to ablation in all cases.
Results:
Periprocedural CVA occurred in 10 of 721 cases (1.4%). The risk of periprocedural CVA did not vary significantly during the course of the study. Among these 10 patients (age 62 ± 11 years; 1 female; 5 persistent AF), 6 manifested neurological deficits within 24 hours, 3 after 24–48 hours, and 1 patient had a CVA 6 days following AF ablation despite a therapeutic INR level. All CVAs were ischemic. Five patients had residual deficits after 30 days. Four of 43 patients (9.3%) with a prior history of CVA had periprocedural CVA. Periprocedural CVA occurred in 0.3%, 1.0%, and 4.7% of patients with CHADS2 scores of 0, 1, and ≥ 2 (P < 0.001). In 2 separate multivariate analyses, a CHADS2 score ≥ 2 (OR 7.1, P = 0.02) and history of CVA (OR 9.5, P < 0.01) remained independent predictors of periprocedural CVA.
Conclusions:
Despite periprocedural anticoagulation and transesophageal echocardiography, we found a 1.4% incidence of periprocedural CVA in AF ablation patients. A CHADS2 score ≥ 2 and a history of CVA are independent predictors of CVA after AF ablation. The CVA risk is low in patients with CHADS2 score of 0.
Work more to earn more? The mixed feelings of Europeans
Authors: DAVOINE Lucie , MÉDA Dominique 
Published: June 2009

Abstract.Would Europeans prefer to work more or less? How do they rate the importance of work in society? Surveys suggest that they attach great importance to work, yet a proportion of them would like to see work take up less space in their lives. How to explain this paradox? Three hypotheses are examined in the light of the findings of international surveys: lower expectations in regard to work, the gap between those expectations and disappointing labour market experience and, lastly, the wish to devote more time to other activities. The article concludes with some policy suggestions.
The “externalization” of labour law
Authors: OJEDA AVILÉS Antonio 
Published: June 2009

Abstract.The powerful process of labour law adjustment which, for some three decades, experts have looked upon as one of fragmentation – not to say disintegration – into evermore disconnected subfields is turning into a general trend that looks set to take on a structural dimension. An expansionary drive is indeed taking labour law into alien territories, seemingly jeopardizing its identity and traditional boundaries, albeit with a symbiotic interchange of reciprocal influences. This article analyses six avenues of expansion which have been observed in Europe and in some American and Asian countries.
Towards socially sensitive corporate restructuring? Comparative remarks on collective bargaining developments in Germany, France and Italy
Authors: BONI Guido 
Published: June 2009

Abstract.Rapidly changing markets in the context of globalization call for increasingly frequent restructuring to sustain the competitiveness of individual firms. To meet this need while minimizing consequent job loss, the social partners in major European countries have devised a variety of decentralization mechanisms that enhance local‐level flexibility without fundamentally calling into question the traditional national models of collective bargaining. Analysing the use of “opening clauses” in German industry agreements, France's firm‐level “derogation agreements” and mandatory bargaining on “workforce planning”, and Italy's tripartite “territorial agreements”, the author concludes with a plea for a supranational framework to support socially sensitive restructuring across Europe.
A Supreme Court challenge to Argentina's trade union model
Authors: Goldin Adrián 
Published: June 2009

Abstract.A November 2008 ruling of the Supreme Court of Argentina has challenged the country's statutory system of trade union monopoly. That the “most representative” union be granted such exclusive powers and rights as to marginalize others within the same industry was found to be inconsistent both with the principle of “free and democratic trade union organization” enshrined in the Constitution and with the position of the ILO's supervisory bodies. Recognizing the constitutional status of the Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organize Convention, 1948 (No. 87), the Court rejected legislated union unity in favour of unity freely chosen by unionized workers.
¿Trabajar más para ganar más? División de opiniones entre los europeos
Authors: DAVOINE Lucie , MÉDA Dominique 
Published: June 2009

Resumen.¿Los europeos desean trabajar menos o trabajar más? A sujuicio, ¿qué lugar ha de ocupar el trabajo en la sociedad? Las encuestas nos dicen que conceden mucha importancia al mismo, aunque unaparte de ellos preferiría que tuviera menos peso en su vida. ¿Cómo se explica estaparadoja? Las autoras exploran tres hipótesis apartir de las averiguaciones de varias encuestas internacionales: el desvanecimiento de las expectativas que solían ponerse en el trabajo, la distancia que media entre los ideales y una realidad insatisfactoria y, por último, la aspiración a dedicarle más tiempo a otras actividades. El artículo concluye con algunas recomendaciones para los planes políticos.
¿Una reestructuración empresarial con sensibilidad social? Evolución en Alemania, Francia e Italia
Authors: BONI Guido 
Published: June 2009

Resumen.Los veloces cambios que impulsa la globalización exigen a las empresas reestructuraciones frecuentes con elfin de mantener su competitividad. Para reducir lo más posible las pérdidas de empleos consiguientes, los agentes sociales han concebido varios mecanismos de flexibilidady descentralización que no trastornan los sistemas tradicionales de negociación colectiva nacional. El autor analiza las cláusulas exceptivas de los convenios alemanes de sector, los acuerdos de exención de las empresas francesas y sus negociaciones obligatorias sobre los puestos de trabajo previsibles, así como los convenios tripartitos «territoriales» de Italia. Propugna un marco supranacional para atender debidamente estos problemas sociolaborales en toda Europa.
Cambio tecnológico y disparidad de ingresos en Europa
Authors: PERUGINI Cristiano , POMPEI Fabrizio 
Published: June 2009

Resumen.Los autores exponen datos empíricos que confirman la relación del cambio tecnológico con la desigualdad general de ingresos reinante en catorce países de la Unión Europea. Primero someten a prueba, en varios sectores con densidades de tecnología diversas, la hipótesis de que los avances tecnológicos están sesgados a favor del trabajo cualificado, y comprueban que elprogreso tecnológico es complementario de la cualificación profesional. Acto seguido analizan laposible influencia de la evolución de la demanda sectorial de recursos humanos cualificados en la desigualdad de ingresos. En cinco de los ocho sectores estudiados aparece una relación no lineal entre el cambio tecnológico sesgado y la disparidad de ingresos que dibuja una curva en forma de «U» invertida. Ello se debe probablemente al desfase que se registra entre una variación de la demanda defuerza de trabajo y el ajuste consecutivo de la oferta.
La negociación colectiva transnacional y la necesidad de una norma de la Unión Europea
Authors: Ales Edoardo 
Published: June 2009

Resumen.La negociación colectiva intersectorial, sectorial y de empresa viene adquiriendo una dimensión transnacional europea desde mediados de los años noventa. Fomentadas alprincipiopor las instituciones de la Unión Europea, estas variantes de la negociación colectiva se han desarrollado después de manera autónoma. Es difícil saber al día de hoy qué efectos concretos va a tener dicho proceso, si es que los tiene, en las condiciones de trabajo individuales. Fundándose en un informe presentado a la Comisión Europea en 2005, el autor defiende que el asunto sea objeto de una norma comunitaria — un reglamento del Consejo con arreglo a los títulos del Tratado de la Unión Europea dedicados a la política social y la cohesión socioeconómica — para dotar así a la negociación colectiva transnacional de un marco optativo de desenvolvimiento.
Treatment of schizoaffective disorder – a challenge for evidence‐based psychiatry
Authors: Jäger M. , Becker T. , Weinmann S. , Frasch K. 
Published: June 2009

Objective:  Schizoaffective disorder is a common diagnosis in mental health services. The aim of the present article was to review treatment studies for schizoaffective disorder and draw conclusions for clinical decision making.Method:  We searched MEDLINE and Cochrane Library for relevant clinical trials and review articles up to the year 2008.Results:  Thirty‐three studies using standardized diagnostic criteria, 14 of which were randomized controlled trials, could be identified. The comparability of studies is limited by the use of different diagnostic criteria. The studies reviewed do not permit consistent recommendations as to whether schizoaffective disorder should be treated primarily with antipsychotics, mood stabilizers or combinations of these drugs. The relevance of diverse subtypes of schizoaffective disorder for treatment recommendations is unclear.Conclusion:  The pertinent empirical database is small and heterogeneous. The lack of conclusive recommendations is related to issues of nosological status, plurality of diagnostic criteria and validity of the concept of schizoaffective disorder.
Subjective quality of life aspects predict depressive symptoms over time: results from a three‐wave longitudinal study
Authors: Kuehner C. , Huffziger S. 
Published: June 2009

Objective:  Little is known about predictive effects of quality of life aspects on the course of depressive symptoms in clinical and non‐clinical settings. This study examines longitudinal associations between depressive symptoms and subjective quality of life (QOL) dimensions using a parallel sample of depressed patients and community controls.Method:  Eighty‐two depressed patients were investigated 1, 6, and 42 months after hospital discharge together with 76 community controls regarding depressive symptoms measured by Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and QOL (WHOQOL‐BREF). Data analysis included time‐lagged linear models.Results:  Physical, psychological, environmental and overall QOL, controlled for depressive symptoms, predicted future depression levels. Group status did not moderate these associations. Depressive symptoms predicted future QOL levels only regarding social relations.Conclusion:  Our study suggests that subjective QOL domains have prognostic value for the course of depressive symptoms over time, both in patient and community samples. Respective self‐perceptions should therefore be directly addressed by therapeutic and preventive interventions.
Effect of smoking on concentrations of receptor activator of nuclear factor κ B ligand and osteoprotegerin in human gingival crevicular fluid
Authors: Tang Teck H. , Fitzsimmons Tracy R. , Bartold P. Mark 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAim: To compare the levels of the soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor κ B ligand (sRANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG) and their relative ratio in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) among periodontitis patients with varying smoking histories.Material and Methods: GCF samples were collected from 149 periodontitis patients who were never smokers (n=58), former smokers (n=39) and current smokers (n=52). sRANKL and OPG concentrations in GCF were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays.Results: sRANKL, OPG and their relative ratio were not statistically significant among the never smokers, former smokers and current smokers. However, OPG was significantly reduced and subsequently the sRANKL:OPG ratio was significantly increased in the high pack‐years group as compared with never smokers. The positive correlation between pack‐years and the sRANKL:OPG ratio remained statistically significant after adjusting for age and current smoking status.Conclusion: Increased lifetime exposure to cigarette smoking above a minimum threshold suppresses OPG production and leads to increased sRANKL:OPG. This may partially explain increased bone loss in smoking‐related periodontitis.