bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
School Reform in the United States: Frames and Representations
Authors: Shannon Patrick 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis essay reviews six competing positions on U.S. school reform: a speech from Secretary of Education, Arne Duncan; Diane Ravitch's The Death and Life of the Great American School System; Frederick Hess's The Same Thing Over and Over; Charles Payne's So Much Reform, So Little Change; Anthony Byrk and others’ Organizing School for Improvement; and Valerie Kinloch's Harlem On Our Minds. Read separately, each invites readers to join a social consensus in order to become competent citizens eager to redesign American schools to realize a desired future. Read together, they provide a primer on how our sociological imaginations might help us to recognize the value of dissensus in school reform within a pluralistic democracy.
Automatic conformance checking for migrating software systems to cloud infrastructures and platforms
Authors: Frey Sören , Hasselbring Wilhelm , Schnoor Benjamin 
Published: January 2012

SUMMARYThe migration of software systems to IaaS (infrastructure as a service)‐ or PaaS (platform as a service)‐based cloud environments enables SaaS providers to benefit from the cloud's merits, such as smoothly scaling up and down existing applications. Our approach, CloudMIG, aims at supporting SaaS providers to perform those migrations. Here, validating the specific constraints that are imposed by a cloud environment constitutes an important early‐phase activity. For example, the access to the file system, number of files, or calls to specific methods may be restricted by cloud providers. Those constraints have to be considered when evaluating the suitability of competing cloud environment candidates. In this paper, we describe CloudMIG's corresponding parts: a generic cloud environment model that incorporates these constraints and appropriate violation detection mechanisms. A software system's conformance can be examined with the assistance of constraint validators. They operate on extracted Knowledge Discovery Meta‐Model‐based system models and can, among others, apply metrics formulated with the Software Metrics Meta‐Model through our metrics execution engine. Additional constraint validators can be plugged into the validation process as needed. In this context, we implemented a prototype and modeled the PaaS environment Google App Engine for Java. We report on a quantitative evaluation regarding the detected constraint violations of five open‐source systems. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous measurement of extracellular dopamine and dopamine transporter occupancy by cocaine analogs in squirrel monkeys
Authors: Kimmel Heather L. , Nye Jonathon A. , Voll Ronald , Mun Jiyoung , Stehouwer Jeffrey , Goodman Mark M. , Votaw John R. , Carroll F.I. , Howell Leonard L. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractSeveral classes of drugs bind to the dopamine transporter (DAT) with high affinity, but some are weaker positive reinforcers than cocaine, suggesting that affinity for and occupancy of the DAT is not the only determinant of a drug's reinforcing effectiveness. Other factors such as the rate of onset have been positively and strongly correlated with the reinforcing effects of DAT inhibitors in nonhuman primates. In the current studies, we examined the effects of acute systemic administration of cocaine and three cocaine analogs (RTI‐150, RTI‐177, and RTI‐366) on binding to DAT in squirrel monkey brain using positron emission tomography (PET) neuroimaging. During the PET scan, we also measured drug effects on dopamine (DA) levels in the caudate using in vivo microdialysis. In general, our results suggest a lack of concordance between drug occupancy at DAT and changes in DA levels. These studies also indicate that acute cocaine administration decreases the availability of plasma membrane DAT for binding, even after cocaine is no longer blocking DA uptake as evidence by a return to basal DA levels. Synapse, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Establishing Chickasaw plum for wildlife in northwestern Oklahoma
Authors: West Adam , Will Rodney E. , Lorenzi Edward , Guthery Fred S. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractChickasaw plum (Prunus angustifolia) provides cover (escape, thermal, nesting, resting) and food (foliage and fruit) for wildlife in the southern Great Plains. Establishing plum may increase abundance of some wildlife species and species diversity on areas deficient in woody cover. To provide recommendations for establishment methods of Chickasaw plum, we tested effects of tillage, planting date, and competition control on survival and growth of bare‐root seedlings (BRS), coppiced transplants (CT), and intact transplants (IT) of Chickasaw plum planted on sandy sites in Woods County, Oklahoma, USA, during 2007–2011. Tillage did not affect survival or growth. After 4 years, BRS had higher survival than CT or IT (83%, 26%, and 18%, respectively). Bare‐root seedlings also outperformed transplants in height and diameter development and coppicing transplants did not have a long‐term negative effect. At the end of 4 years, heights were 70 cm, 55 cm, and 52 cm, while ground line diameters were 14 mm, 9 mm, and 9 mm, for the BRS, IT, and CT propagules, respectively. Based on crown spread and an initial planting density of 60 × 60 cm, stands should be fully established by age 6. Planting in mid‐spring increased survival of CT by >33% compared to late‐winter or early spring planting. Competition control using weed‐barrier cloth increased plum survival by 13%. Overall, BRS performed well, but if seedlings are not available, local transplants can be taken and planted at higher densities to achieve similar results. If using local transplants, we recommend coppicing to increase survival and hasten establishment. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
FTIR Spectroscopy and Chemometric Class Modeling Techniques for Authentication of Chinese Sesame Oil
Authors: Deng De‐Hua , Xu Lu , Ye Zi‐Hong , Cui Hai‐Feng , Cai Chen‐Bo , Yu Xiao‐Ping 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis investigation was aimed at developing a rapid analysis method for authentication of Chinese sesame oils by FTIR spectrometry and chemometrics. Ninety‐five sesame oil samples were collected from the six main producing areas of China to include most if not all of the significant spectral variations likely to be encountered in future authentic materials. Two class modeling techniques, the soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) and the partial least squares class model (PLSCM) were investigated and the data preprocessing techniques including smoothing, derivative and standard normal variate (SNV) tests were performed to improve the classification performance. It was demonstrated that SIMCA and PLSCM can detect various adulterated sesame oils doped with 3% or more (w/w) of other cheaper oils, including rapeseed, soybean, palm and peanut oils. First derivative, second derivative and SNV tests significantly enhanced the class models by reducing baseline and background shifts. Smoothing of raw spectra led to inferior identification performance and proved itself to be unsuitable because some of the detailed frequency details were lost during smoothing. The best model performance was obtained with second derivative spectra by SIMCA (sensitivity 0.905 and specificity 0.944) and PLSCM (sensitivity 0.952 and specificity 0.937). Although it is difficult to perform an exhaustive sampling of all types of pure sesame oils and potential adulterations, PLS and SIMCA combined with FTIR spectrometry can detect most of current adulterations of sesame oils on the Chinese market.
Leading edge strengthening and the propulsion performance of flexible ray fins
Authors: Shoele Kourosh , Zhu Qiang 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA numerical model of a ray-reinforced fin is developed to investigate the relation between its structural characteristics and its force generation capacity during flapping motion. In this two-dimensional rendition, the underlying rays are modelled as springs, and the membrane is modelled as a flexible but inextensible plate. The fin kinematics is characterized by its oscillation frequency and the phase difference between different rays (which generates a pitching motion). An immersed boundary method (IBM) is applied to solve the fluid–structure interaction problem. The focus of the current paper is on the effects of ray flexibility, especially the detailed distribution of ray stiffness, upon the capacity of thrust generation. The correlation between thrust generation and features of the surrounding flow (especially the leading edge separation) is also examined. Comparisons are made between a fin with rigid rays, a fin with identical flexible rays, and a fin with flexible rays and strengthened leading edge. It is shown that with flexible rays, the thrust production can be significantly increased, especially in cases when the phase difference between different rays is not optimized. By strengthening the leading edge, a higher propulsion efficiency is observed. This is mostly attributed to the reduction of the effective angle of attack at the leading edge, accompanied by mitigation of leading edge separation and dramatic changes in characteristics of the wake. In addition, the flexibility of the rays causes reorientation of the fluid force so that it tilts more towards the swimming direction and the thrust is thus increased.
Philosophy as a way of life in the world of Islam: Applying Hadot to the study of Mullā Ṣadrā Shīrāzī (d. 1635)
Authors: Rizvi Sajjad H. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe work of the late Pierre Hadot has transformed our understanding of the practice of philosophy, especially in the pre-modern world. This article interrogates how we approach the study of later Islamic philosophy, especially the thought of the Safavid sage Mullā Ṣadrā Shīrāzī (d. 1635), and considers whether the method proposed by Hadot is applicable to this intellectual tradition. While there is much to be gained from the application of a cognate hermeneutics of the text, I also suggest that we still do not know enough about the actual practice of philosophy, of philosophical communities in the Safavid period, to consider whether it constitutes a real intellectual and structural continuity with the late antique Neoplatonic past. Nevertheless, the paradigm of approaching philosophy as a way of life propounded by Hadot does seem to be the best way of making sense of philosophy in Safavid Iran.
Increased longevity from viewing retirement positively
Authors: LAKRA DEEPAK C. , NG REUBEN , LEVY BECCA R. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTStudies of the relationship between retirement and subsequent health, including longevity, have produced mixed findings. One reason may be that these studies have not taken attitudes toward retirement into account. In the current study we examined whether attitudes toward retirement can impact longevity. The cohort consisted of 394 participants who were followed for 23 years. As predicted, participants with positive attitudes toward retirement at the start of the study lived significantly longer than those with negative attitudes toward retirement. The positive attitudes-toward-retirement group had a median survival advantage of 4.9 years. This survival advantage remained after controlling for relevant covariates, including age, functional health, socio-economic status, and whether employed or retired. Our findings suggest that psychological planning for retirement is as important as the more traditional forms of planning.
‘You learn to live with all the things that are wrong with you’: gender and the experience of multiple chronic conditions in later life
Authors: CLARKE LAURA HURD , BENNETT ERICA 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTThis article examines how older adults experience the physical and social realities of having multiple chronic conditions in later life. Drawing on data from in-depth interviews with 16 men and 19 women aged 73+ who had between three and 14 chronic conditions, we address the following research questions: (a) What is it like to have multiple chronic conditions in later life? (b) How do older men and women ‘learn to live’ with the physical and social realities of multiple morbidities? (c) How are older adults’ experiences of illness influenced by age and gender norms? Our participants experienced their physical symptoms and the concomitant limitations to their activities to be a source of personal disruption. However, they normalised their illnesses and made social comparisons in order to achieve a sense of biographical flow in distinctly gendered ways. Forthright in their frustration over their loss of autonomy and physicality but resigned and stoic, the men's stories reflected masculine norms of control, invulnerability, physical prowess, self-reliance and toughness. The women were dismayed by their bodies’ altered appearances and concerned about how their illnesses might affect their significant others, thereby responding to feminine norms of selflessness, sensitivity to others and nurturance. We discuss the findings in relation to the competing concepts of biographical disruption and biographical flow, as well as successful ageing discourses.
Kinematic analysis of a 5-DOF hybrid-driven MR compatible robot for minimally invasive prostatic interventions
Authors: Jiang Shan , Guo Jie , Liu Shen , Liu Jun , Yang Jun 
Published: January 2012

SUMMARYThis paper introduces the design and kinematic analysis of a 5-DOF (multiple degree of freedom) hybrid-driven MR (Magnetic Resonance) compatible robot for prostate brachytherapy. It can slip the leash of template and rely on the high precise of MR imaging. After a brief introduction on design requirements of MR compatible robot, a description of our robot structure, material selection, hybrid-driven, and control architecture are presented. Secondly, the forward kinematics equations are obtained according to the equivalent diagram of this robot, and the actual workspace can be outlined. This will help the designer to determine whether this robot can be operated in the MR core without intervention with patient. And then, the inverse kinematics equations combined with trajectory planning are used to calculate the actuators movement. This will help the control system to manipulate the robotic accurately. Finally, vision based experiments on phantoms are used to verify the mechanism precision. As the results shown, the needle tip precision of mechanism is 0.9 mm in the general lab environment.
Calibration of wheeled mobile robots with differential drive mechanisms: an experimental approach
Authors: Maddahi Y. , Sepehri N. , Maddahi A. , Abdolmohammadi M. 
Published: January 2012

SUMMARYExact knowledge of the position and proper calibration of robots that move by wheels form an important foundation in mobile robot applications. In this context, a variety of sensory systems and techniques have been developed for accurate positioning of differential drive mobile robots. This paper, first, provides a brief overview of mobile robots positioning techniques and then, presents a new benchmark method capable of calibrating mobile robots with differential drive mechanisms to correct systematic errors. The proposed method is compared with the commonly used University of Michigan Benchmark (UMBmark) odometry method. Two sets of comparisons are conducted on six prototyped robots with differential drives. The first set of tests establishes the workability and accuracy that can be achieved with the new method and compares them with the ones obtained from the UMBmark technique. The second experiment compares the performance of a mobile robot, calibrated with either the UMBmark or the new method, for an unseen path. It is demonstrated that the proposed method of calibration is simple to implement, and leads to accuracy comparable to the UMBmark method. Specifically, while the error corrections in both methods are within ±5% of each other, the proposed method requires single straight line motion for calibration, which is believed to be simpler and less timely to implement than the square path motion required by the UMBmark technique. The method should therefore be considered seriously as a new tool when calibrating differential drive mobile robots.
Robust detection and isolation of failures in satellite attitude sensors and gyro
Authors: Ahmadi Bahar , Namvar Mehrzad 
Published: January 2012

SUMMARYReliability of a satellite attitude control system depends on accurate detection of failures in its sensors. This paper presents an observer for robust detection and isolation of a class of failures in satellite attitude sensors. The proposed observer uses measurement of a three-axis gyro together with only one attitude sensor, and generates a residual signal which is sensitive to faults and is simultaneously robust against disturbance and noise. A nonlinear model of satellite kinematics is considered for design of the observer. The structure of the observer is in the form of a delayed continuous-time differential equation ensuring its robustness properties. A realistic simulation is provided to illustrate the performance of the proposed observer in the face of the faults occurring in a magnetometer, as the attitude sensor, and also the faults occurring in the gyro.
The Use of Neural Networks and Texture Analysis for Rapid Objective Selection of Regions of Interest in Cytoskeletal Images
Authors: Derkacs Amanda D. Felder , Ward Samuel R. , Lieber Richard L. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractUnderstanding cytoskeletal dynamics in living tissue is prerequisite to understanding mechanisms of injury, mechanotransduction, and mechanical signaling. Real-time visualization is now possible using transfection with plasmids that encode fluorescent cytoskeletal proteins. Using this approach with the muscle-specific intermediate filament protein desmin, we found that a green fluorescent protein–desmin chimeric protein was unevenly distributed throughout the muscle fiber, resulting in some image areas that were saturated as well as others that lacked any signal. Our goal was to analyze the muscle fiber cytoskeletal network quantitatively in an unbiased fashion. To objectively select areas of the muscle fiber that are suitable for analysis, we devised a method that provides objective classification of regions of images of striated cytoskeletal structures into “usable” and “unusable” categories. This method consists of a combination of spatial analysis of the image using Fourier methods along with a boosted neural network that “decides” on the quality of the image based on previous training. We trained the neural network using the expert opinion of three scientists familiar with these types of images. We found that this method was over 300 times faster than manual classification and that it permitted objective and accurate classification of image regions.
Hydroxyl radical and NOx production rates, black carbon concentrations and light‐absorbing impurities in snow from field measurements of light penetration and nadir reflectivity of onshore and offshore coastal Alaskan snow
Authors: France J. L. , Reay H. J. , King M. D. , Voisin D. , Jacobi H. W. , Domine F. , Beine H. , Anastasio C. , MacArthur A. , Lee‐Taylor J. 
Published: January 2012

Photolytic production rates of NO, NO2 and OH radicals in snow and the total absorption spectrum due to impurities in snowpack have been calculated for the Ocean‐Atmosphere‐Sea‐Ice‐Snowpack (OASIS) campaign during Spring 2009 at Barrow, Alaska. The photolytic production rate and snowpack absorption cross‐sections were calculated from measurements of snowpack stratigraphy, light penetration depths (e‐folding depths), nadir reflectivity (350–700 nm) and UV broadband atmospheric radiation. Maximum NOx fluxes calculated during the campaign owing to combined nitrate and nitrite photolysis were calculated as 72 nmol m−2 h−1 for the inland snowpack and 44 nmol m−2 h−1 for the snow on sea‐ice and snowpack around the Barrow Arctic Research Center (BARC). Depth‐integrated photochemical production rates of OH radicals were calculated giving maximum OH depth‐integrated production rates of ∼160 nmol m−2 h−1 for the inland snowpack and ∼110–120 nmol m−2 h−1 for the snow around BARC and snow on sea‐ice. Light penetration (e‐folding) depths at a wavelength of 400 nm measured for snowpack in the vicinity of Barrow and snow on sea‐ice are ∼9 cm and 14 cm for snow 15 km inland. Fitting scaled HULIS (HUmic‐LIke Substances) and black carbon absorption cross‐sections to the determined snow impurity absorption cross‐sections show a “humic‐like” component to snowpack absorption, with typical concentrations of 1.2–1.5 μgC g−1. Estimates of black carbon concentrations for the four snowpacks are ∼40 to 70 ng g−1 for the terrestrial Arctic snowpacks and ∼90 ng g−1 for snow on sea‐ice.
Surface ozone at a coastal suburban site in 2009 and 2010: Relationships to chemical and meteorological processes
Authors: Martins D. K. , Stauffer R. M. , Thompson A. M. , Knepp T. N. , Pippin M. 
Published: January 2012

Air quality and meteorological measurements were conducted at the Chemistry and Physics of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Experiment (CAPABLE) site during the summers of 2009 and 2010 in Hampton, Virginia. Significant differences in surface ozone mixing ratios were observed between the two years and are correlated with meteorological parameters such as temperature, humidity, and cloud cover. The number of exceedance days for ozone set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency within this region has been decreasing for the past decade, especially in urban areas. There were no exceedance days with respect to ozone in 2009, and there were four exceedance days in 2010. The four highest ozone daily maxima and the two exceedance days observed during the 2010 measurement period were coincident with sea breeze phenomena. In one case, surface ozone increased at a rate of 14.6 ppb h−1 with the passage of a sea breeze front. A comprehensive multilinear regression model as well as an operational forecast was unable to resolve the high ozone observed during sea breeze events. As the number of exceedance days per year within this region continues to decrease, accurately forecasting sea breezes may become more important for the forecasting of pollution events.
RIBER/DIBER: a software suite for crystal content analysis in the studies of protein–nucleic acid complexes
Authors: Chojnowski Grzegorz , Bujnicki Janusz M. , Bochtler Matthias 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Summary: Co-crystallization experiments of proteins with nucleic acids do not guarantee that both components are present in the crystal. We have previously developed DIBER to predict crystal content when protein and DNA are present in the crystallization mix. Here, we present RIBER, which should be used when protein and RNA are in the crystallization drop. The combined RIBER/DIBER suite builds on machine learning techniques to make reliable, quantitative predictions of crystal content for non-expert users and high-throughput crystallography.
Availability: The program source code, Linux binaries and a web server are available at http://diber.iimcb.gov.pl/ RIBER/DIBER requires diffraction data to at least 3.0 Å resolution in MTZ or CIF (web server only) format. The RIBER/DIBER code is subject to the GNU Public License.
Contact: gchojnowski@genesilico.pl
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.