bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neural network‐based model for dual‐junction solar cells
Authors: Patra Jagdish C. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractDesign and development of solar cells can be substantially improved by using models which can provide accurate estimation of complex device characteristics. The artificial neural network (NN)‐based models which learn from examples is an effective modeling technique that overcomes the deficiencies of conventional analytical techniques. In this paper, we propose NN‐based modeling techniques for estimation of behavior of dual‐junction (DJ) GaInP/GaAs solar cells involving complex phenomena, e.g., tunneling effect and complex interactions between the junctions. With extensive computer simulations we have compared performance of NN‐based models with that of a sophisticated device simulator, ATLAS form Silvaco. We have shown that the NN‐based models are able to estimate the solar cell characteristics close to that of the experimentally measured response. Compared with the response from ATLAS‐based models, the NN‐based models provide better results in estimation of tunneling phenomenon, determination of external quantum efficiency and I–V characteristics of DJ solar cells. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low‐band gap copolymers containing thienothiadiazole units: Synthesis, optical, and electrochemical properties
Authors: Kmínek Ivan , Výprachtický Drahomír , Kříž Jaroslav , Dybal Jiří , Cimrová Věra 
Published: May 2010

AbstractNovel low‐band gap alternating copolymers consisting of 9,9‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)fluorene and 4,6‐di(2‐thienyl)thieno[3,4‐c][1,2,5]thiadiazole and its 3,3″‐dialkyl derivatives were synthesized by Suzuki copolymerization reaction, and their photophysical and electrochemical properties were studied. The copolymers possess small optical band gap 1.3–1.4 eV. The absorption covers the whole visible spectral region. The long‐wavelength absorption maxima in thin films located at approximately 750–785 nm are significantly red shifted compared with those in solution, indicating strong intermolecular interactions. The introduction of alkyl chains to the thiophene units increases the molecular weights of soluble fractions and solubility of the final copolymers, leading to the improved processability of thin films. Polymer solutions exhibited solvatochromism and thermochromism, which is strongly supported by the involvement of the alkyl chains. The copolymers exhibited ambipolar redox properties and reversible electrochromic behavior. The electronic properties are influenced only slightly by alkyl substituents. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 2743–2756, 2010
Proton conductive polyimide ionomer membranes: Effect of NH, OH, and COOH groups
Authors: Saito Jumpei , Tanaka Manabu , Miyatake Kenji , Watanabe Masahiro 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA new series of sulfonated polyimide (SPI) copolymers containing NH, OH, or COOH groups were synthesized by the polycondensation of 1,4,5,8‐naphthalnetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3′‐bis(sulfopropoxy)‐4,4′‐diaminobiphenyl, and 3‐(4‐aminophenyl)‐5‐(3‐aminophenyl)‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazole (SPI‐8‐m), 3,5‐bis(4‐aminophenyl)‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazole (SPI‐8‐p), 3,6‐diaminocarbazole (SPI‐9), 3,5‐diamino‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazole (SPI‐10), bis(3‐aminopropyl)‐amine (SPI‐11), 2,6‐diaminopurine (SPI‐12), 2,4‐diamino‐6‐hydroxyprymidine (SPI‐13), or 3,5‐bis(4‐aminophenoxy)benzoic acid (SPI‐14). The obtained SPIs were soluble in polar organic solvents and gave tough and flexible membranes by solution casting. The SPI membranes having NH and COOH groups showed high thermal (decomposition temperature ≈200 °C) and mechanical (maximum stress >22 MPa) stability. Introducing NH groups, especially triazole and carbazole groups, was effective in improving proton conductive properties of SPI membranes at low humidity. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 2846–2854, 2010
Micelles and reverse micelles with a photo and thermo double‐responsive block copolymer
Authors: Jin Qiao , Liu Gongyan , Ji Jian 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA novel photo and thermo double‐responsive block copolymer was developed to fabricate micelles and reverse micelles in aqueous solution. The block copolymer was synthesized by ATRP block copolymerization of a spiropyran‐ containing methacrylate (SPMA) with di(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (DEGMMA). By facile control of the photo irradiation and solution temperature, PSPMA‐core and PDEGMMA‐core micelles can be obtained, respectively. The thermo‐ and photo‐responsive micelles were used as smart polymeric nanocarriers for controlled encapsulation, triggered release, and re‐encapsulation of model drug coumarin 102. The double‐responsive self‐assembly and disassembly were tracked by dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 2855–2861, 2010
Unsaturated, biobased polyesters and their cross‐linking via radical copolymerization
Authors: Jasinska Lidia , Koning Cor E. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBiobased, unsaturated polyesters derived from isosorbide, maleic anhydride, and succinic acid were synthesized and characterized. The presence of maleic anhydride units in the structure of the polyesters allowed converting them into cured coatings by radical copolymerization with crosslinking agents such as 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate, N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone, acrylic acid or methacrylamide. The investigated polyesters were obtained via bulk polycondensation, catalyzed by titanium(IV) n‐butoxide. 2D NMR and MALDI‐Tof‐MS spectroscopy proved that this polymerization resulted in isomerization of maleic acid units into fumaric ones and in the formation of slightly branched structures by the reaction of isosorbide (end) groups with main chain unsaturated bonds. Moreover, some double bonds proved to have reacted with the condensation by‐product water. The resulting polyesters displayed the expected correlation between variables such as molecular weight and content of unsaturated bonds and their Tg values. Since the thermal properties of the obtained polyesters were appropriate for coating applications, the polymers were crosslinked with unsaturated monomers by radical copolymerization. The crosslinking process was studied using FTIR spectroscopy and by measurements of the soluble part of the cured coatings. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 2885–2895, 2010
Preparation of remarkably tough polyHIPE materials via polymerization of oil‐in‐water HIPEs involving 1‐vinyl‐5‐aminotetrazole
Authors: Youssef Carlos , Backov Rénal , Treguer Mona , Birot Marc , Deleuze Hervé 
Published: May 2010

AbstractInterconnected microcellular polymeric monoliths having unexpected high mechanical strength have been prepared using the high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) methodology. Oil‐in water concentrated emulsions of aqueous 1‐vinyl‐5‐amino [1,2,3,4]tetrazole (1‐VAT) mixed with a low molar ratio (7%) of N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide as crosslinking agent were prepared using dodecane as dispersed phase and a mixture of hydrophilic surfactants. “Reverse” polyHIPE materials were obtained after radical copolymerization, solvent extraction, and drying. Their morphology, chemical composition, and physicochemical behavior are discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 2942–2947, 2010
The implementation and assessment of a comprehensive communication skills training curriculum for oncologists
Authors: Bylund Carma L. , Brown Richard , Gueguen Jennifer A. , Diamond Catherine , Bianculli Jennifer , Kissane David W. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjective: The objective of this paper is to report the implementation and assessment of the Comskil Training Curriculum at Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center.Method: Twenty‐eight attending physicians and surgeons participated in communication skills training modules as part of a train‐the‐trainer program. Doctors were video recorded in clinical consultations with patients two times before training and two times after training, resulting in 112 video recordings for analysis. Recordings were coded using the Comskil Coding System.Results: Communication skills related to two of the six major skill sets, Establishing the Consultation Framework and Checking, increased following training. Limited changes emerged in three skill sets, while one skill set, Shared Decision Making, did not change. Doctors who attended more training modules had higher levels of change. Female participants demonstrated three skills more frequently than males post‐training.Conclusions: The intervention produced significant communication skills uptake in a group of experienced attending clinicians, mediated by the amount of training. Future research should focus on the dose of training necessary to achieve skills uptake and the effect of skills training on patient outcomes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Communicating between the kernel and user‐space in Linux using Netlink sockets
Authors: Neira‐Ayuso Pablo , Gasca Rafael M. , Lefevre Laurent 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWhen developing Linux kernel features, it is a good practice to expose the necessary details to user‐space to enable extensibility. This allows the development of new features and sophisticated configurations from user‐space. Generally, software developers have to face the task of looking for a good way to communicate between the kernel and user‐space in Linux. This tutorial introduces you to Netlink sockets, a flexible and extensible messaging system that provides communication between kernel and user‐space. We provide the fundamental guidelines for practitioners who wish to develop Netlink‐based interfaces. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recurrence of Radiation Enterocolitis within 1 Year is Predictive of 5‐Year Mortality in Surgical Cases of Radiation Enterocolitis: Our 18‐Year Experience in a Single Center
Authors: Chen Ming‐Cheng , Chiang Feng‐Fan , Wang Hwei‐Ming , Chen Joe‐Bin , Chao Te‐Hsin , Ma Hsiu‐Feng 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackgroundPelvic irradiation is commonly used in the treatment of pelvic malignancies. Chronic radiation enterocolitis is the most serious complication resulting from such treatment, and it frequently requires surgery. The prognosis for patients after surgery remains ill‐defined. We conducted a retrospective study to identify risk factors associated with mortality for patients who received surgery for chronic radiation enterocolitis.MethodsFrom 1985 to 2009, a total of 89 patients were diagnosed as having chronic radiation enterocolitis in Taichung Veterans General Hospital. The chart records of 35 surgical and 54 nonsurgical patients were reviewed. A total of 21 candidate risk factors were selected from (1) those related to rapid disease progression (recurrence within 1 year, reoperation within 1 year, short latency), (2) those mentioned in published series (diabetes mellitus, history of smoking, history of abdominopelvic surgery), and (3) other risk factors that might adversely affect outcomes (older age, higher radiation dosage, longer latency period). Factors with p < 0.1 in univariate analysis were subjected to multivariate analysis to identify those that were independent risk factors.ResultsSurgical patients were significantly older (65.09 vs. 61.61 years, p = 0.011), had a longer latency period (17.08 vs. 8.09 months, p = 0.037), and were associated with a higher percentage of radiation uropathy (54.28 vs. 12.96%, p < 0.0001) than nonsurgical patients. There was no difference in radiation dosage between surgical and nonsurgical cases (p = 0.152). Recurrence of radiation enterocolitis within 1 year following surgery (p = 0.022), older age (p = 0.002), and uncured cancer (p = 0.001) were identified as independent risk factors for poor overall survival after surgery. All patients (100%) who had recurrent radiation enterocolitis within 1 year of surgery died within 5 years of recurrence.ConclusionsThe surgical cases were older, had a longer latency period, and had a higher percentage of radiation uropathy. Recurrence of radiation enterocolitis within 1 year after surgery, older age, and uncured cancer were independent risk factors associated with mortality for patients who received surgery for chronic radiation enterocolitis.
Mediterranean diet and upper aerodigestive tract cancer: the Greek segment of the Alcohol-Related Cancers and Genetic Susceptibility in Europe study
Authors: Samoli Evangelia , Lagiou Areti , Nikolopoulos Elias , Lagogiannis Georgios , Barbouni Anastasia , Lefantzis Dimitrios , Trichopoulos Dimitrios , Brennan Paul , Lagiou Pagona 
Published: May 2010

Several dietary factors have been associated with the occurrence of cancers of the oral cavity and oropharynx, larynx and oesophagus, collectively called upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancers, but the evidence is considered as inconclusive. We hypothesised that the traditional Mediterranean dietary pattern may be more strongly inversely associated with UADT cancer risk than individual dietary components, and may explain the unexpectedly low incidence of these cancers in Greece. In the context of the European alcohol-related cancers and genetic susceptibility in Europe project, we have conducted a hospital-based case–control study in Athens, Greece, comparing 239 incident UADT cases and 194 hospital controls with admission diagnoses unrelated to tobacco, alcohol or diet. Adherence to Mediterranean diet was assessed through a widely used score, which ranges from 0 (minimal adherence) to 9 (maximal adherence) and increases with high consumption of plant foods and olive oil and low consumption of meat, dairy products and saturated lipids. Stricter adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with a substantial and significant decrease in UADT cancer risk (30 % for a two-unit increase in score), whereas after mutual adjustment, no individual dietary component of this diet was significantly associated with this risk. Adherence to the traditional Mediterranean diet is associated with reduced risk of UADT cancers, and may explain the lower incidence of UADT cancers in Greece, in spite of the smoking and drinking habits of this population.
Behavioural fever in infected honeybees: parasitic manipulation or coincidental benefit?
Authors: CAMPBELL JENNIFER , KESSLER BETH , MAYACK CHRISTOPHER , NAUG DHRUBA 
Published: May 2010

SUMMARYInfection by a parasite often induces behavioural changes in the host and these changes may benefit either the host or the parasite. However, whether these changes are active host defence mechanisms or parasitic manipulations or simply incidental byproducts of the infection is not always clear. It has been suggested that understanding the proximate mechanisms of these changes as well as comparative studies could help distinguish these alternatives better. Behavioural fever is a common response to an infection in many animals and we investigated the phenomenon in the novel host-parasite relationship between the honeybee and the temperature-sensitive microsporidianNosema ceranae. Our results show that infected bees prefer higher temperatures and even though this seems to benefit the pathogen, the proximate mechanism underlying this change is the pathological stress underlying the infection. Especially because it is a new host-parasite relationship, it is best to label the observed behavioural change as a case of incidental benefit although this does not rule out selection acting on it. We discuss the importance of looking at the behavioural outcomes of host-parasite relationships and the importance of studying them at multiple levels for understanding their origin and maintenance.
Effect of GSK-3 activity, enzymatic inhibition and gene silencing by RNAi on tick oviposition and egg hatching
Authors: FABRES ARIANNE , DE ANDRADE CAROLINE PINTO , GUIZZO MELINA , SORGINE MARCOS HENRIQUE F. , DE O. PAIVA-SILVA GABRIELA , MASUDA AOI , DA SILVA VAZ ITABAJARA , LOGULLO CARLOS 
Published: May 2010

SUMMARYGlycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is classically described as a key enzyme involved in glycogen metabolism in mammals. It has been shown to be highly conserved among several organisms, mainly in the catalytic domain region. This enzyme has already been described inRhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplusand the ovaries of females appeared to be the major site of GSK-3 transcription. The treatment with GSK-3 specific inhibitor (alsterpaullone, bromo-indirubin-oxime 6 and indirubin-3-oxime) caused a reduction in oviposition and egg hatching in completely engorged female ticks. The effect was more pronounced in partially engorged females when alsterpaullone was administrated by artificial capillary feeding. Moreover, GSK-3 gene silencing by RNAi in partially engorged females reduced significantly both oviposition and hatching. The study of tick embryogenesis and proteins that participate in this process has been suggested as an important means for the development of novel strategies for parasite control. GSK-3 is an essential protein involved in embryonic processes and for this reason it has already been suggested as a possible antigen candidate for tick control.
Probing the tri-trophic interaction between insects, nematodes andPhotorhabdus
Authors: ELEFTHERIANOS I. , JOYCE S. , FFRENCH-CONSTANT R. H. , CLARKE D. J. , REYNOLDS S. E. 
Published: May 2010

SUMMARYPhotorhabdussp. are entomopathogenic bacteria which, upon experimental infection, interact with the insect immune system, but little is known about the roles of their symbiotic nematode partnersHeterorhabditissp. in natural infections. Here, we investigated the respective contributions of nematodes and bacteria by examining humoral and cellular immune reactions of the model lepidopteran insectManduca sextaagainstHeterorhabditiscarryingPhotorhabdus, nematodes free of bacteria (axenic nematodes) and bacteria alone. Insect mortality was slower following infection with axenic nematodes than when insects were infected with nematodes containingPhotorhabdus, or the bacteria alone. Nematodes elicited host immune responses to a lesser extent than bacteria. Transcription of certain recognition and antibacterial genes was lower when insects were naturally infected with nematodes carrying no bacteria compared to insects that received bacteria, either with or without nematodes. Axenic nematodes also did not elicit such high levels of phenoloxidase activity and haemocyte aggregates as did treatments involvingPhotorhabdus. By contrast, the phagocytic capability of host haemocytes was decreased by both axenic and bacteria-associated nematodes, but not byPhotorhabdusalone. These results imply that both bacteria and nematodes contribute separately to the pathogenic modulation of host immune responses during natural infections by the mutualisticHeterorhabdus-Photorhabduscomplex.
Avian pneumoviruses and emergence of a new type in the United States of America
Authors: Seal Bruce S. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAvian pneumovirus (APV) primarily causes an upper respiratory disease recognized as turkey rhinotracheitis (TRT) or swollen head syndrome (SHS) in chickens. The virus was first isolated in South Africa during the early 1970s and has subsequently been reported in Europe, Asia and South America. In February 1997, a serologically distinct APV isolate was officially reported in the USA following an outbreak of TRT during the previous year. This was the first report of these virus types in the USA; they were previously considered exotic to the USA and Canada. The predicted matrix (M) proteins of European APV type A and B isolates share 89% identity in their amino acid sequence. However, the predicted M protein of APV/CO is only 78%similar to the APV type A and 77% similar to the APV type B protein sequence. The predicted amino acid sequence of the US APV isolate's fusion (F) protein has 72% sequence identity to the F protein of APV type A and 71%sequence identity to the F protein of type B. This compares with the 83%sequence identity between the predicted amino acid sequences of the F proteins of APV types A and B. The lack of sequence heterogeneity among the US APV isolates over 2 years suggests that these viruses have maintained a relatively stable population since the first outbreak of TRT. Phylogenetic analysis of the M and F proteins, together with the serological uniqueness of the US APV isolates, supports their classification as a new APV, designated type C.
Reverse immunogenetic and polyepitopic approaches for the induction of cell-mediated immunity against bovine viral pathogens
Authors: Hegde Nagendra R. , Srikumaran S. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe control of several infectious diseases of animals by vaccination is perhaps the most outstanding accomplishment of veterinary medicine in the last century. Even the eradication of some pathogens is in sight, at least in some parts of the world. However, infectious diseases continue to cost millions of dollars to the livestock industry. One of the reasons for the failure to control certain pathogens is the limited emphasis placed on cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in the design of vaccines against these pathogens. Traditionally, vaccine-induced immunity has been studied in relation to antibody-mediated protection. More recent studies, however, have focused on understanding CMI and developing means of inducing CMI. This review focuses on recent advances made in the study of CMI in general and of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in particular. Parallels from studies in human and mouse immunology are drawn in order to point out implications to bovine immunology, specifically for immunity against bovine herpesvirus 1.
Pigmented poroid neoplasm mimicking nodular melanoma
Authors: MITSUISHI Tsuyoshi , ANSAI Shin‐ichi , UENO Takashi , KAWANA Seiji 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe reported the case of a 92‐year‐old woman with a pigmented and non‐pigmented surface of the pedunculated nodule on her lower leg. Microscopic examination revealed that this nodule consisted of a component of small, dark, homogenous, poroid cells and cuticular cells in the dermis. The histopathological features of the lesion were consistent with poroid neoplasm. Immunohistochemistry showed that HMB‐45 and Melan‐A were positive in malanocytes and melanophages of the pigmented areas. Unlike most poroid neoplasms, this case showed pigmented lesion mimicked nodular melanoma.
Drug treatment of chronic‐intermittent abdominal cramping and pain: a multi‐national survey on usage and attitudes
Authors: Mueller‐Lissner S. , Quigley E. M. M. , Helfrich I. , Schaefer E. 
Published: May 2010

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 32: 472–477SummaryBackground  Data on drug treatment of abdominal cramping and pain are sparse.Aim  To compare treatment of abdominal cramping and pain across countries worldwide.Methods  A multi‐national survey was conducted in the USA, Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Germany, Belgium, Italy and the UK. In each country, approximately 210 people were interviewed on various aspects of drug treatment of their complaints.Results  In total, 1717 participants were interviewed. Respondents from the Americas used more medication (approximately 90%) than those from Europe (approximately 70%). Over‐the‐counter remedies were much more used than prescription drugs (except for Mexico). Medication was mainly taken on demand to relieve a pain episode. In the Latin American countries, antispasmodics were most popular (up to 73%), in Germany antacids, and in the UK antacids and analgesics. Regarding expectations of treatment, ‘fast onset of action’ ranked the highest, followed by ‘highly effective’ and ‘well tolerated’.Conclusions  A majority of people afflicted by abdominal cramping and pain use medication and take them on demand. Consequently, rapid onset of action is mentioned as most important. Antispasmodics are the class most frequently used with considerable variation from country to country.