bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facile fabrication of an efficient BiVO
4
thin film electrode for water splitting under visible light irradiation
Authors: Jia Qingxin , Iwashina Katsuya , Kudo Akihiko 
Published: June 2012

An efficient BiVO
4
thin film electrode for overall water splitting was prepared by dipping an F-doped SnO
2
(FTO) substrate electrode in an aqueous nitric acid solution of Bi(NO
3
)
3
and NH
4
VO
3
, and subsequently calcining it. X-ray diffraction of the BiVO
4
thin film revealed that a photocatalytically active phase of scheelite-monoclinic BiVO
4
was obtained. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that the surface of an FTO substrate was uniformly coated with the BiVO
4
film with 300–400 nm of the thickness. The BiVO
4
thin film electrode gave an excellent anodic photocurrent with 73% of an IPCE at 420 nm at 1.0 V vs. Ag/AgCl. Modification with CoO on the BiVO
4
electrode improved the photoelectrochemical property. A photoelectrochemical cell consisting of the BiVO
4
thin film electrode with and without CoO, and a Pt counter electrode was constructed for water splitting under visible light irradiation and simulated sunlight irradiation. Photocurrent due to water splitting to form H
2
and O
2
was confirmed with applying an external bias smaller than 1.23 V that is a theoretical voltage for electrolysis of water. Water splitting without applying external bias under visible light irradiation was demonstrated using a SrTiO
3
∶Rh photocathode and the BiVO
4
photoanode.
Retention of Passive Integrated Transponder, T-Bar Anchor, and Coded Wire Tags in Lepisosteids
Authors: Buckmeier David L. , Reeves Kerry S. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Increased interest in the management and conservation of gars (family Lepisosteidae) has resulted in the need to identify individual fish in wild and hatchery stocks; however, tagging methods have not been evaluated for these species. We estimated tag retention for passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags, T-bar anchor tags (Floy), and coded wire tags in alligator gar Atractosteus spatula, longnose gar Lepisosteus osseus, and spotted gar L. oculatus. Tag retention up to 876 d was similar across species for all tag types and tagging locations. Retention exceeded 98% for PIT tags injected into the muscle at the base of the dorsal fin and did not decrease with days posttagging. Retention was 97% for coded wire tags injected into the muscle at the base of the pectoral and anal fins. Retention of T-bar anchor tags was ≥ 97% through 500 d posttagging; however, T-bar anchor tag retention declined after 500 d and tags became difficult to read. The high retention of the tags evaluated in this study provides biologists with a variety of options for tagging lepisosteids in future management, conservation, and research.
Received February 3, 2012; accepted March 15, 2012
Properties of air–aluminum thermal plasmas
Authors: Cressault Y , Gleizes A , Riquel G 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
We present the calculation and the main results of the properties of air–aluminum thermal plasmas, useful for complete modelling of arc systems involving aluminum contacts. The properties are calculated assuming thermal equilibrium and correspond to the equilibrium composition, thermodynamic functions, transport coefficients including diffusion coefficients and net emission coefficient representing the divergence of the radiative flux in the hottest plasma regions. The calculation is developed in the temperature range between 2000 and 30 000 K, for a pressure range from 0.1 to 1 bar and for several metal mass proportions. As in the case of other metals, the presence of aluminum vapours has a strong influence on three properties at intermediate temperatures: the electron number density, the electrical conductivity and the net emission coefficient. Some comparisons with other metal vapour (Cu, Fe and Ag) properties are made and show the original behaviour for Al-containing mixtures: mass density at high temperatures is low due to the low Al atomic mass; high electrical conductivity at T < 10 000 K due to low ionization potential (around 2 V less for Al than for the other metals); very strong self-absorption of ionized aluminum lines, leading to a net emission coefficient lower than that of pure air when T > 10 000 K, in contrast to copper or iron radiation.
A Comparison of Salary Structures Between Economics and Agricultural Economics Departments
Authors: Hilmer Christiana E. , Hilmer Michael J. , Lusk Jayson L. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe examine whether differences exist in the prevailing salary structures for doctorate‐granting economics and agricultural economics departments at public, land‐grant universities in the United States. Within a sample of 440 economists and 375 agricultural economists, we find that economics departments exhibit greater variation in annual salaries, higher estimated negative returns to seniority, and larger estimated returns to career publishing success than do agricultural economics departments. These difference manifest themselves in a hierarchical salary distribution in which members of elite economics departments earn the highest predicted annual salaries, members of elite agricultural economics and middle‐ranked economics departments earn middle predicted annual salaries, and members of middle‐ and lower‐ranked agricultural economics and lower‐ranked economics departments earn the lowest predicted annual salaries. In 16 out of 22 universities studied, we predict that economists would face salary declines if they moved across campus (or in some cases down the hall) to their respective agricultural economics departments.
Availability of energetic substrates and exercise performance in heart failure with or without diabetes
Authors: Melenovsky Vojtech , Kotrc Martin , Polak Jan , Pelikanova Terezie , Bendlova Bela , Cahova Monika , Malek Ivan , Jarolim Petr , Kazdova Ludmila , Kautzner Josef 
Published: June 2012

AimsThe goal of the study was to examine whether resting or post‐exercise metabolic substrate levels are associated with differential exercise performance and long‐term outcome in control subjects or heart failure (HF) patients with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).Methods and resultsTwenty five healthy controls matched with 97 patients with stable advanced HF were prospectively enrolled. Exercise capacity, age, gender, and HF aetiology were balanced between HFDM– and HFDM+ groups. Subjects underwent maximal bicycle spiroergometry with blood sampling to measure metabolites and neurohormones before and immediately after the exercise. HFDM+ patients had increased free fatty acids, glucose, and β‐hydroxybutyrate compared with controls. HFDM+ patients had higher baseline copeptin (24 ± 16 vs. 17 ± 13 pmol/L, P < 0.05) but otherwise showed similar neurohumoral activation and exercise response to HFDM– patients. Peak oxygen consumption (VO2) was unrelated to post‐exercise free fatty acids, glucose, lactate, or glycerol, but strongly correlated with post‐exercise pyruvate (in all: r = 0.62, P < 0.001). During the next 17 ± 10 months, 36% of HF patients experienced an adverse event (death, urgent transplantation, or assist device insertion). From metabolic factors, only post‐exercise glucose [hazard ratio (HR) 1.28, P = 0.04), total body fat (HR 0.58, P < 0.001), and the presence of DM (HR 1.98, P = 0.04) were predictive of the outcome.ConclusionsWith the exception of pyruvate, acute changes of metabolic substrates are not related to cardiac performance in HF, regardless of diabetic status. Inhibition of body fat depletion, attenuation of stress‐related hyperglycaemia, or increasing dynamics of plasma pyruvate may represent therapeutic targets in advanced HF.
Insights into the roles of local translation from the axonal transcriptome
Authors: Deglincerti Alessia , Jaffrey Samie R. 
Published: June 2012

Summary
Much of our knowledge on the roles of intra-axonal translation derives from the characterization of a small number of individual mRNAs that were found to be localized in axons. However, two recent studies, using large-scale approaches to provide a more comprehensive characterization of the axonal transcriptome, have led to the discovery of thousands of axonal mRNAs. The apparent abundance of mRNAs in axons raises the possibility that local translation has many more functions than previously thought. Here, we review the recent studies that have profiled axonal mRNAs and discuss how the identification of axonal transcripts might point to unappreciated roles for local translation in axons.
Psoriasis: New insight about pathogenesis, role of barrier organ integrity, NLR / CATERPILLER family genes and microbial flora
Authors: MATTOZZI Carlo , RICHETTA Antonio G. , CANTISANI Carmen , MACALUSO Laura , CALVIERI Stefano 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPsoriasis is a common, inflammatory, chronic, relapsing skin disease. New insight about the etiology of this disease shows the important role played by the epidermal barrier function, its integrity and pathogen responses in combination with microbial environmental factors. A pivotal role in the management of this balance is played by NLR genes, also known as NBD‐LRR or CATERPILLER, that encode important mediators of innate immunity and provide the first line of defense against pathogens. The polymorphism of these genes is implicated in the pathogenesis of several immunological diseases and might be of importance in the pathogenesis of barrier organ disorders. Crohn’s disease is considered archetypal of these kinds of disorders; similarities between Crohn’s disease and psoriasis and their similar pathogenetic mechanisms may support the concept of psoriasis as a barrier organ disorder and common genetic ground lying behind these illnesses. Considering psoriasis as a “barrier organ disease” is not only a mere mental exercise; this consideration may, in fact, open new prospects in the treatment of these disorders just by preventing alterations of microbial flora or regulating the response of the host to infective diseases.
Drinking habits and disability retirement
Authors: Salonsalmi Aino , Laaksonen Mikko , Lahelma Eero , Rahkonen Ossi 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAimsTo examine associations between drinking habits and disability retirement, and to determine whether the associations differ between all‐cause disability retirement and the main causes of disability retirement, i.e. musculoskeletal diseases and mental disorders.DesignA prospective cohort study with a mean follow‐up time of 8 years.SettingMiddle‐aged employees of the City of Helsinki, Finland.ParticipantsA total of 6275 municipal employees (78% women) who were 40–60 years old at baseline.MeasurementsData on drinking habits, i.e. quantity and frequency of drinking, binge drinking and problem drinking, were derived from the baseline questionnaire. The data on disability retirement and its diagnoses came from the Finnish Centre for Pensions. The analyses were made using Cox regression analysis.FindingsHeavy average and frequent drinking were not associated with all‐cause disability retirement, but increased the risk of disability retirement due to mental disorders even after adjusting for all covariates [hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) 2.54 (1.26–5.12) and 2.10 (1.23–3.61), respectively]. Binge and problem drinking were both associated with all‐cause disability retirement in the base models adjusted for age, gender and marital status. Problem drinking more than doubled the risk of disability retirement due to mental disorders even after all adjustments (HR 2.17, CI 1.53–3.08). Non‐drinkers had an increased risk for disability retirement due to all mental and musculoskeletal diagnoses.ConclusionsAdverse drinking habits may contribute to disability retirement among the middle‐aged working population. Tackling unhealthy drinking habits may lessen the likelihood of early retirement due to poor mental health.
A randomised controlled trial comparing sugammadex and neostigmine at different depths of neuromuscular blockade in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery*
Authors: Geldner G. , Niskanen M. , Laurila P. , Mizikov V. , Hübler M. , Beck G. , Rietbergen H. , Nicolayenko E. 
Published: June 2012

SummaryDeep neuromuscular blockade during certain surgical procedures may improve operating conditions. Sugammadex can be used to reverse deep neuromuscular blockade without waiting for spontaneous recovery. This randomised study compared recovery times from neuromuscular blockade induced by rocuronium 0.6 mg.kg−1, using sugammadex 4 mg.kg−1 administered at 1–2 post‐tetanic count (deep blockade) or neostigmine 50 μg.kg−1 (plus atropine 10 μg.kg−1) administered at the re‐appearance of the second twitch of a train‐of‐four stimulation (moderate blockade), in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery. The primary efficacy variable was the time from the start of sugammadex/neostigmine administration to recovery of the train‐of‐four ratio to 0.9. Patients receiving sugammadex recovered 3.4 times faster than patients receiving neostigmine (geometric mean (95% CI) recovery times of 2.4 (2.1–2.7) and 8.4 (7.2–9.8) min, respectively, p < 0.0001). Moreover, 94% (62/66) of sugammadex‐treated patients recovered within 5 min, vs 20% (13/65) of neostigmine‐treated patients, despite the difference in the depth of neuromuscular blockade at the time of administration of both drugs. The ability to provide deep neuromuscular blockade throughout the procedure but still permit reversal at the end of surgery may enable improved surgical access and an enhanced visual field.
CD73 and adenosine generation in the creation of regulatory microenvironments
Authors: Regateiro F S , Cobbold S P , Waldmann H 
Published: June 2012

SummaryExtracellular adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) acts on many immune cells to promote inflammation. Conversely, the ATP metabolite adenosine is mainly an anti-inflammatory molecule. The ecto-enzymes CD39 and CD73 can dephosphorylate extracellular ATP to adenosine, thereby controlling this important pathway of immune modulation. Despite their established roles in the immune system, little is known of how CD39 and CD73 are themselves regulated. Recent data have shown that CD73 expression and adenosine generation are up-regulated by transforming growth factor-β, depending on the cytokine content of the local microenvironment. We review here these recent findings and discuss their implications in disease.
Diatom immigration drives biofilm recovery after chronic copper exposure
Authors: MORIN SOIZIC , LAMBERT ANNE‐SOPHIE , ARTIGAS JOAN , COQUERY MARINA , PESCE STÉPHANE 
Published: June 2012

Summary1. The impact of immigration on the recovery of diatom assemblages after chronic exposure to copper was investigated in laboratory microcosms.2. We examined the recovery trajectories of copper‐contaminated biofilms after reducing copper stress and with or without the possibility of immigration from unimpaired communities.3. The biofilms mixed with unimpaired communities returned to a ‘control’ assemblage structure within 6 weeks, with recovery patterns depending on the endpoint considered (i.e. 2 weeks for relative abundances of diatom species but 6 weeks for total diatom biomass). In contrast, no recovery was observed in assemblages placed under control conditions without external immigrants.4. Immigration has important effects on the recovery of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of biofilms.
Risk factors for liver transplant waitlist dropout in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Park Sang‐Jae , Freise Chris E. , Hirose Ryutaro , Kerlan Robert K. , Yao Francis Y. , Roberts John P. , Vagefi Parsia A. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractLoco‐regional therapy has been developed to reduce waitlist dropout in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) awaiting liver transplantation. We evaluated the probability of transplantation and waitlist dropout, and analyzed risk factors for waitlist dropout, in 76 patients with HCC from September 2004 to August 2006. Seventy‐three (96.1%) patients received one or more preoperative loco‐regional treatments and 55 (72.3%) received an orthotopic liver transplantation with a median wait time of seven months (range, 2–26 months). There were 11 dropouts (14.5%) associated with tumor progression or hepatic decompensation (median waiting time; 5.4 months and range, 0.4–13 months). Cumulative probabilities of transplantation at three, six, nine, 12, 15, and 18 months were 5.4%, 35.4%, 67.5%, 78.8%, 80.7%, and 80.7%, respectively and those of waitlist dropout at three, six, nine, 12, 15, and 18 months were 3.9%, 8.7%, 12.8%, 22.9%, 29.3%, and 29.3%, respectively. A laboratory model for end‐stage liver disease (MELD) score >15 or multiple tumors at the time of UNOS listing were significant risk factors for waitlist dropout (p = 0.006 and 0.026, respectively). Patients with HCC being managed with loco‐regional therapy who have a laboratory MELD score >15 or multiple tumors should be considered for earlier access to liver transplantation to prevent waitlist dropout.
Risk factors for native kidney dysfunction in patients with abdominal multivisceral/small bowel transplantation
Authors: Suzuki M. , Mujtaba M. A. , Sharfuddin A. A. , Yaqub M. S. , Mishler D. P. , Faiz S. , Vianna R. M. , Mangus R. S. , Tector J. A. , Taber T. E. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractKidney dysfunction is a recognized complication after non‐renal solid organ transplantation, particularly after intestinal transplant. In our study, we reviewed data on 33 multivisceral transplant (MVT)‐ and 15 isolated small bowel (ISB)‐transplant patients to determine risk factors for kidney dysfunction. Kidney function was estimated by modified diet in renal disease (MDRD) and Schwartz formula for adults and children, respectively. Acute kidney injury (AKI) was defined as an increase in the serum Cr (sCr) greater than twofold. Kidney function declined significantly at one yr after transplantation with 46% of subjects showing an estimated GFR (eGFR) <60 mL/min. Patients with an episode of AKI were more likely to have reduced eGFR than those without AKI (p < 0.025). In linear regression analyses, age, pre‐transplant sCr, eGFR at postoperative day (POD) 30, 90, 180, 270, and tacrolimus level at POD 7 showed significant correlation with one yr post‐transplant eGFR (p < 0.05). Pediatric patients and patients with MVT had lesser decline in kidney function compared with adults or patients with ISB. In conclusion, risk factors for post‐transplant kidney dysfunction in intestinal transplantation included age, pre‐transplant sCr, AKI episode, eGFR at POD 30, 90, 180, 270, and tacrolimus level at POD 7.
Cardiovascular risk assessment in children following kidney transplantation
Authors: Dégi Arianna , Kerti Andrea , Kis Éva , Cseprekál Orsolya , Tory Kálmán , Szabó Attila J. , Reusz George S. 
Published: June 2012

Dégi A, Kerti A, Kis É, Cseprekál O, Tory K, Szabó AJ, Reusz GS. Cardiovascular risk assessment in children following kidney transplantation.Abstract:  CV diseases are the leading cause of death among patients with ESRD. RTX decreases the CV risk; however, it still remains definitely higher than that of the general population. Large multicenter and longitudinal studies are difficult to perform and hard end‐points of CV events are usually missing among pediatric population. Thus, appropriate estimation of CV risk is of crucial importance to define the potential hazards and to evaluate the effect of treatments aimed to reduce the risk. A number of validated non‐invasive methods are available to assess the extent of CV damage in adults, such as calcification scores, cIMT, aPWV, 24‐h ABPM, AASI, and HRV; however, they need adaptation, standardization, and validation in pediatric studies. cIMT and PWV are the most promising methods, as pediatric normative values are already present. The up‐to‐date treatment of ESRD aims not only to save life, but to offer the patient a life expectancy approaching that of the healthy population and to ensure a reasonable quality of life.
Correlation and clinical utility of pp65 antigenemia and quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays for detection of cytomegalovirus in pediatric renal transplant patients
Authors: Rha Brian , Redden David , Benfield Mark , Lakeman Fred , Whitley Richard J. , Shimamura Masako 
Published: June 2012

Rha B, Redden D, Benfield M, Lakeman F, Whitley RJ, Shimamura M. Correlation and clinical utility of pp65 antigenemia and quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays for detection of cytomegalovirus in pediatric renal transplant patients.Abstract: qPCR and pp65 antigenemia assays are used to monitor CMV infection in renal transplant recipients, but correlation of assays in a pediatric population has not been evaluated. Paired CMV real‐time qPCR and pp65 antigenemia tests from 882 blood samples collected from 115 pediatric renal transplant recipients were analyzed in this retrospective cohort study for the strength of association and clinical correlates. The assays correlated well in detecting infection (κ = 0.61). Higher qPCR values were demonstrated with increasing levels of antigenemia (p < 0.01). Discordant test results were associated with antiviral treatment (OR 4.33, p < 0.01) and low‐level viremia, with odds of concordance increasing at higher qPCR values (OR 3.67, p  <  0.01), and no discordance occurring above 8500 genomic equivalents/mL. Among discordant samples, neither test preceded the other in detecting initial infection or in returning to negative while on treatment. Only two cases of disease occurred during the two‐yr study period. With strong agreement in the detection of CMV infection, either qPCR or pp65 antigenemia assays can be used effectively for monitoring pediatric renal transplant patients for both detection and resolution of infection.
A Novel Combined Method of Osteosynthesis in Treatment of Tibial Fractures: A Comparative Study on Sheep with Application of Rod‐Through‐Plate Fixator and Bone Plating
Authors: Tralman G. , Andrianov V. , Arend A. , Männik P. , Kibur R. T. , Nõupuu K. , Uksov D. , Aunapuu M. 
Published: June 2012

SummaryThe study compares the efficiency of a new bone fixator combining periostal and intramedullary osteosynthesis to bone plating in treatment of tibial fractures in sheep. Experimental osteotomies were performed in the middle third of the left tibia. Animals were divided into two groups: in one group (four animals) combined osteosynthesis (rod‐through‐plate fixator, RTP fixator) was applied, and in the other group (three animals) bone plating was used. The experiments lasted for 10 weeks during which fracture union was followed by radiography, and the healing process was studied by blood serum markers reflecting bone turnover and by histological and immunohistochemical investigations. In the RTP fixator group, animals started to load body weight on the operated limbs the next day after the surgery, while in the bone plating group, this happened only on the seventh day. In the RTP fixator group, consolidation of fractures was also faster, as demonstrated by radiographical, histological, and immunohistochemical investigations and in part by blood serum markers for bone formation. It can be concluded that application of RTP fixation is more efficient than plate fixation in the treatment of experimental osteotomies of long bones in sheep.