bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Verhalten von Mauerwerksbauten unter Erdbebeneinwirkung: Auswertung der Schäden des Albstadt‐Erdbebens vom 3. September 1978
Authors: Schwarz Jochen , Beinersdorf Silke , Langhammer Tobias , Leipold Mathias 
Published: June 2010

AbstractNumerische Untersuchungen zum Verhalten von Mauerwerksbauten unter Erdbebeneinwirkung führen oft zu pessimistischen Schadensprognosen, welche im Gegensatz zu den Beobachtungen stehen. Um diesen Widerspruch aufzulösen, werden erfahrungsbasierte Verletzbarkeitsfunktionen für typische Mauerwerksgebäude auf der Grundlage der durch das Erdbeben vom 3. September 1978 bei Albstadt (mit einer Lokalmagnitude ML von 5,7 und Epizentralintensität I0 = VII—VIII) verursachten Schäden entwickelt. Anhand des Bauwerksbestandes von 1978 erfolgt die Einordnung der beobachteten Schäden in Schadensgrade auf Basis der European Macroseismic Scale EMS‐98 [1]. Die für den Bauwerksbestand repräsentativen Bauweisen werden herausgearbeitet; für die vorherrschenden Gebäude aus unbewehrtem Mauerwerk ist eine weitere Unterscheidung nach Baualter, Geschosszahl und phänomenologischen Gesichtspunkten möglich.Vulnerability of masonry structures under seismic action: Damage analysis of the September 3, 1978 Albstadt earthquake. Numerical studies of the earthquake behavior of masonry buildings in Central Europe based on national building codes acc. to the Eurocode 8 lead to pessimistic damage prognoses, which are in contradiction to the observed behavior. In order to eliminate this discrepancy realistic experience‐based vulnerability and displacement functions for typical masonry constructions are developed. Because of the rather limited number of earthquake damage observations, the Magnitude ML 5.7 Albstadt earthquake from September 3, 1978 (intensity VII—VIII) in South Germany also based on its excellent documentation is reconstructed with the building stock existing at that time. The prevailing building types and for these the characteristic damage cases are investigated in close cooperation with the local authorities. The presented unreinforced masonry structures are divided by year of construction, number of storeys and phenomenological aspects.
Sustainable Masonry Constructions: Initial structural tests of brick and hemp‐lime composite walls
Authors: Molesworth Ian , Walker Peter 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe work presented in this paper is part of a larger project investigating methods of reducing environmental impact, and improving performance, of fired clay brick masonry walls. Brick masonry has been combined with natural, sustainable materials in order to create a construction system that is structurally and thermally efficient. This is being accomplished through a programme of desk based research and physical testing on both small and full scale samples. The sustainable materials chosen for use in the project are unfired clay bricks and hemp‐lime.The paper presents initial results from an on‐going experimental programme investigating performance of novel hemp‐lime and brickwork composite walls. Hemp‐lime provides sufficient thermal resistance to act as the insulative material in a wall construction. Due to its low structural strength and stiffness it has not been used in structural applications to date. Results from preliminary testing suggest that combining structural brickwork with a hemp lime inner leaf can result in some structural benefits despite its low strength. This hypothesis has been investigated further at a larger scale. Results of these initial tests are presented.Nachhaltige Mauerwerkskonstruktionen: Erste Versuche an Verbundwänden aus Ziegeln und Hanf‐Kalk. Die in diesem Beitrag vorgestellte Arbeit ist Teil eines größeren Projektes zu Untersuchungen zur Verminderung von Umweltauswirkungen, sowie zur Verbesserung des Verhaltens von Wänden aus Ziegelsteinen. Ziegelmauerwerk wurde mit natürlichen, nachhaltigen Materialien kombiniert, um ein Bausystem zu schaffen, welches von der Tragwirkung und der Energieeffizienz her leistungsfähig ist. Durch Simulationen und Versuche sowohl an verkleinerten als auch an 1 : 1‐Modellen wurde dies erreicht. Die nachhaltigen Materialien, die für das Projekt ausgewählt wurden, sind ungebrannte Lehmziegel mit Hanf‐Kalk.Der vorliegende Beitrag präsentiert erste Ergebnisse aus einer laufenden Untersuchung zum Verhalten von neuartigen Mauerwerkswänden, die aus Hanf‐Kalk und Ziegelmauerwerk kombiniert werden. Hanf‐Kalk bietet eine ausreichende thermische Beständigkeit, um als Dämmmaterial in einer Wandkonstruktion zu fungieren. Aufgrund seiner geringen Festigkeit und Steifigkeit kam es bisher nicht zu einer Anwendung bei baulichen Konstruktionen. Die Ergebnisse aus Vorversuchen lassen vermuten, dass die Kombination des tragenden Ziegelmauerwerks mit Hanf‐Kalk als innerer Schale trotz ihrer geringen Festigkeit zu einigen Vorteilen führen kann. Diese Hypothese wurde in größerem Maße weiter untersucht. Die Ergebnisse dieser ersten Tests werden vorgestellt.
Bcl11b represses a mature T‐cell gene expression program in immature CD4+CD8+ thymocytes
Authors: Kastner Philippe , Chan Susan , Vogel Walter K. , Zhang Ling‐Juan , Topark‐Ngarm Acharawan , Golonzhka Olga , Jost Bernard , Le Gras Stéphanie , Gross Michael K. , Leid Mark 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBcl11b is a transcription factor that, within the hematopoietic system, is expressed specifically in T cells. Although Bcl11b is required for T‐cell differentiation in newborn Bcl11b‐null mice, and for positive selection in the adult thymus of mice bearing a T‐cell‐targeted deletion, the gene network regulated by Bcl11b in T cells is unclear. We report herein that Bcl11b is a bifunctional transcriptional regulator, which is required for the correct expression of approximately 1000 genes in CD4+CD8+CD3lo double‐positive (DP) thymocytes. Bcl11b‐deficient DP cells displayed a gene expression program associated with mature CD4+CD8− and CD4−CD8+ single‐positive (SP) thymocytes, including upregulation of key transcriptional regulators, such as Zbtb7b and Runx3. Bcl11b interacted with regulatory regions of many dysregulated genes, suggesting a direct role in the transcriptional regulation of these genes. However, inappropriate expression of lineage‐associated genes did not result in enhanced differentiation, as deletion of Bcl11b in DP cells prevented development of SP thymocytes, and that of canonical NKT cells. These data establish Bcl11b as a crucial transcriptional regulator in thymocytes, in which Bcl11b functions to prevent the premature expression of genes fundamental to the SP and NKT cell differentiation programs.
Understanding the molecular mechanisms of the multifaceted IL‐10‐mediated anti‐inflammatory response: Lessons from neutrophils
Authors: Bazzoni Flavia , Tamassia Nicola , Rossato Marzia , Cassatella Marco A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAnalysis of the molecular mechanisms governing the ability of IL‐10 to keep inflammation under control has highlighted the existence of a great degree of plasticity and specificity with regard to innate immune cells. In this respect, neutrophils represent a perfect example of innate immune cells conditioned by external signals (for instance, by LPS), as well as by intracellular regulatory pathways, that render them optimally responsive to IL‐10 only when required. The focus of this review are the recent experimental findings that have uncovered the sophisticated and complex molecular mechanisms responsible for the modulation of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokine production by IL‐10 in neutrophils and other innate immune cells. Understanding how IL‐10 exerts its anti‐inflammatory response, particularly in the case of neutrophils, will provide novel clues leading, hopefully, to the therapeutic control of neutrophil‐driven inflammatory reactions, such as septic infections, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
In2O3 Nanofibers and Nanoribbons: Preparation by Electrospinning and Their Formaldehyde Gas‐Sensing Properties
Authors: Li Zhipeng , Fan Yingju , Zhan Jinhua 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn2O3 nanofibers and nanoribbons were prepared by electrospinning combined with a poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)‐assisted sol–gel technique. By tuning the experimental parameters, the morphological transformation of In2O3 from nanofibers to nanoribbons was achieved. It was found that both the rapid evaporation of solvent and the concentration of the precursor played important roles in the formation process of In2O3 nanoribbons. The average diameter of the In2O3 nanofibers is 180 nm. The nanoribbons have an average width of 1 μm and a thickness of about 150 nm. The lengths of both can reach millimeters. The average grain size consisting of nanofibers and nanoribbons is 18.6 and 11.2 nm, respectively. The gas‐sensing properties of In2O3 nanofibers and nanoribbons toward formaldehyde vapor were investigated. Interestingly, the gas sensor fabricated with In2O3 nanoribbons exhibited a higher and faster response at a relatively lower operating temperature than that fabricated with nanofibers.
A Microporous Metal–Organic Framework with Immobilized –OH Functional Groups within the Pore Surfaces for Selective Gas Sorption
Authors: Chen Zhenxia , Xiang Shengchang , Arman Hadi D. , Li Peng , Tidrow Steven , Zhao Dongyuan , Chen Banglin 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA new two‐dimensional microporous metal–organic framework Cu(BDC‐OH)(H2O)·0.5DEF [abbreviation: Cu(BDC‐OH); H2BDC‐OH = 2‐hydroxybenzene‐1,4‐dicarboxylic acid; DEF = diethylformamide] with functional OH groups on the pore surfaces was solvothermally synthesized and structurally characterized. The activated Cu(BDC‐OH) exhibits a moderate Langmuir surface of 584 m2 g–1, a pore volume of 0.214 cm3 g–1, and C2H2/CH4 and CO2/CH4 selectivity of 6.7 and 9.3, respectively, at 296 K, thereby highlighting the promise for its application in gas separation.
Residential Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Generator Fuelled by Ethanol: Cell, Stack and System Modelling with a Preliminary Experiment
Authors: Lanzini A. , Santarelli M. , Orsello G. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe flexibility and feasibility of a 5 kW SOFC generator designed for natural gas (NG) and fuelled by a non‐conventional liquid fuel such as ethanol is analysed. A complete generator model is implemented to predict and determine the main criticalities when ethanol fuel is adoperated. The main balance‐of‐plant (BoP) units considered are the reformer, the recirculation system based on an ejector, the tubular cells bundles constituting the stack unit, the after‐burner zone and the air blower. The electrical and global efficiencies achieved at nominal operating conditions show how ethanol maintains generator performance good, while only slightly reducing the system AC efficiency from 48% (achieved by NG) to 45%. The effectiveness and flexibility of the recirculation system when changing the fuel is also verified since a safe steam‐to‐carbon ratio (STCR) is established after the fuel is switched from NG ethanol. The stack thermal management is analysed in detail and related to the system performances, showing how a high endothermic fuel reforming reaction is required to maintain the overall system efficiency. A preliminary experiment with ethanol feeding the Siemens generator is finally presented. The system response to the new fuel is monitored by several measured parameters and the system regulation is explained.
Hydrogeological and mineralogical analysis of the pre‐Romanesque monument of Santa María del Naranco, Asturias, Spain
Authors: Fernández Beatriz González , Pascual Celia Marcos , Casares Eduardo Menéndez 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe church of Santa María del Naranco is an important monument from the pre‐Romanesque period of Asturian art. Here we present research that locates the probable source of travertine used in the construction of a vault within this monument. Since the genesis of this travertine is associated with spring activity, and archival evidence suggests that stone procurement during this period tended to be local, we surveyed existing carbonated aquifers within a 5‐km radius of the monument. We identified a spring (Sopeña) with an associated outcrop of discontinuous travertine that appeared to have been quarried in the past. We conducted X‐ray powder diffraction, electron microprobe, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analyses of samples extracted from the suspected travertine source, an additional more distant travertine quarry for comparison, and the vault. Matching mineralogy and geochemistry indicate that the Sopeña travertine was the probable source of rock material used in the construction of the vault. This study provides insight into local ancient monument construction and can assist in procuring original stone material for historical restoration. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Alluvial geoarchaeology of an ephemeral stream: Implications for Holocene landscape change in the central part of the Ebro Depression, northeast Spain
Authors: Constante Ana , Luis Peña‐Monné José , Muñoz Arsenio 
Published: June 2010

AbstractLa Virgen is an ephemeral tributary of the Ebro River in northeast Spain with a complex alluvial sequence. We analyzed alluvial stratigraphy to develop a model of Holocene fluvial evolution for La Virgen and infer causes of floodplain dynamics. Three alluvial terraces were mapped and described using a combination of geoarchaeological and geomorphological techniques. Stratigraphic ages were estimated using 14C dating and archaeological remains. Sedimentation in the valley floor commenced in the Neolithic period ca. 6000 BC and continued during the Bronze and Iron ages (ca. 1800–500 BC), the Iberian and Roman periods (ca. 500 BC–AD 500), and the Middle Ages (ca. AD 500–1500). The main terrace (N3) is 14m thick and predominantly composed of sand, silt, and clay that we believe are derived from local hillslopes and represent a long period of human‐induced soil erosion that intensified during the Bronze and Iron ages until the Late Roman period. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Using ichnofossils to characterize chert tools: A preliminary study from Southern Iberia
Authors: Rodríguez‐Tovar Francisco J. , Morgado Antonio , Lozano José A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractCharacterizing raw material of stone tools used by Late Neolithic and Copper Age communities is important for interpreting access to available sources and establishing regional routes of distribution. Ichnological analysis may be used to help characterize lithic material and determine the source of artifacts. Here we report for the first time the existence of trace fossils in artifacts from the Late Neolithic and Copper Age of southern Spain. Ichnological analysis indicates a trace fossil assemblage consisting of relatively scarce small‐sized Chondrites and abundant Phycosiphon. A regional survey of natural outcrops and chert quarries indicates the presence of discrete trace fossils only in the samples from geological formations that are part of the Campo de Gibraltar Complex. Ichnological composition in these samples is similar to that discerned in the artifacts and suggests that this was the probable source of the chert used in tool manufacture. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Expanding Access to Hepatitis C Virus Treatment—Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO) Project: Disruptive Innovation in Specialty Care†
Authors: Arora Sanjeev , Kalishman Summers , Thornton Karla , Dion Denise , Murata Glen , Deming Paulina , Parish Brooke , Brown John , Komaromy Miriam , Colleran Kathleen , Bankhurst Arthur , Katzman Joanna , Harkins Michelle , Curet Luis , Cosgrove Ellen , Pak Wesley 
Published: June 2010

Abstract

The Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO) Model was developed by the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center as a platform to deliver complex specialty medical care to underserved populations through an innovative educational model of team-based interdisciplinary development. Using state-of-the-art telehealth technology, best practice protocols, and case-based learning, ECHO trains and supports primary care providers to develop knowledge and self-efficacy on a variety of diseases. As a result, they can deliver best practice care for complex health conditions in communities where specialty care is unavailable. ECHO was first developed for the management of hepatitis C virus (HCV), optimal management of which requires consultation with multidisciplinary experts in medical specialties, mental health, and substance abuse. Few practitioners, particularly in rural and underserved areas, have the knowledge to manage its emerging treatment options, side effects, drug toxicities, and treatment-induced depression. In addition, data were obtained from observation of ECHO weekly clinics and database of ECHO clinic participation and patient presentations by clinical provider. Evaluation of the ECHO program incorporates an annual survey integrated into the ECHO annual meeting and routine surveys of community providers about workplace learning, personal and professional experiences, systems and environmental factors associated with professional practice, self-efficacy, facilitators, and barriers to ECHO. The initial survey data show a significant improvement in provider knowledge, self-efficacy, and professional satisfaction through participation in ECHO HCV clinics. Clinicians reported a moderate to major benefit from participation. We conclude that ECHO expands access to best practice care for underserved populations, builds communities of practice to enhance professional development and satisfaction of primary care clinicians, and expands sustainable capacity for care by building local centers of excellence.
Professional knowledge creation in the hospital sector: a qualitative study in Taiwan
Authors: Yang Chen‐Wei , Fang Shih‐Chieh , Lin Julia L. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis paper aims to develop a professional knowledge creation model for the hospital sector. For this purpose, we qualitatively explore the determinants and process of knowledge creation in the hospital sector. Drawing from organization theory, we develop a hospital's professional knowledge creation model and develop three propositions first. We further explore the theoretical model at organization level by case study in Taiwan. The findings suggest that the hospital's professional knowledge creation is influenced by knowledge stock, social ties and isomorphic pressures as propositions argued. However, hospitals' attempts to keep aligned with their highly institutionalized environments may pay more attention to both existing knowledge stock and the process of professional knowledge creation for their survival. Finally, it is hoped that the significances of this study will contribute to the development of hypotheses in the future quantitative study for building a generalized knowledge creation model for the hospital organization. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of the spatial distribution of imperviousness on the hydrologic response of an urbanizing basin
Authors: Mejía Alfonso I. , Moglen Glenn E. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAn event‐based model is used to investigate the impact of the spatial distribution of imperviousness on the hydrologic response of a basin characterized by an urban land use. The impact of the spatial distribution of imperviousness is investigated by accounting for its location within the basin when estimating the generated runoff and the hydrologic response. The event model accounts for infiltration and saturation excess; the excess runoff is routed to the outlet using a geomorphologic unit hydrograph. To represent the spatial distribution of rainfall and imperviousness, radar and remotely derived data are used, respectively. To estimate model parameters and analyse their behaviour, a split sample test and parameter sensitivity analysis are performed. From the analysis of parameters, we found the impervious cover tends to increase the sensitivity and storm dependency of channel routing parameters. The calibrated event model is used to investigate the impact of the imperviousness gradient by estimating and comparing hydrographs at internal locations in the basin. From this comparison, we found the urban land use and the spatial variability of rainfall can produce bigger increases in the peak flows of less impervious areas than the most urbanized ones in the basin. To examine the impacts of the imperviousness pattern, scenarios typifying extreme cases of sprawl type and clustered development are used while accounting for the uncertainty in parameters and the initial condition. These scenarios show that the imperviousness pattern can produce significant changes in the response at the main outlet and at locations internal to the overall watershed. Overall, the results indicate the imperviousness pattern can be an influential factor in shaping the hydrologic response of an urbanizing basin. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Induction of Foxp3 expression in T cells by cellulose acetate beads in vitro
Authors: Jimma Fumie , Takeda Yuji , Kaneda Kenta , Wakabayashi Ichiro 
Published: June 2010

AbstractGene expression of transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) is needed to induce expression of transcription factor forkhead box P3 (Foxp3), which is required for the development and function of regulatory T (Treg) cells. The number of circulating Treg cells and the level of Foxp3 expression increase during granulocyte and monocyte apheresis (GMA), a useful therapy for ulcerative colitis. However, the mechanism underlying GMA‐induced Foxp3 expression is unknown. We found that the level of TGF‐β mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was augmented just after treatment of peripheral blood with a GMA carrier, cellulose acetate beads, in vitro and that Foxp3 expression in PBMCs increased after culturing these cells for 5 days after the treatment. The augmentation of TGF‐β expression was observed in CD3−PBMCs but not in CD3+T cells. Furthermore, the increase in Foxp3 expression in T cells depended on co‐culture with CD3−PBMCs. We conclude that cellulose acetate beads have an ability to induce Foxp3 expression in peripheral blood T cells via augmentation of TGF‐β expression in CD3−PBMCs. J. Clin. Apheresis 25:216–222, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of caspase‐8 and caspase‐9 in rat hippocampus during postnatal development
Authors: Chang Li‐Rong , Liu Jin‐Ping , Song Yi‐Zhi , Lu Tao , Lu Gang , Wu Yan 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe role of caspases in the regulation of apoptosis of neurons during development is well established. An emerging body of evidence indicates that caspases may also play significant roles which are nonapoptotic. We have demonstrated previously that the executor caspase‐3 exhibited a unique pattern of spatiotemporal expression in the postnatal rat hippocampal subregions, and the activation of caspase‐3 in different hippocampal neurons appeared to have distinct roles during postnatal development. In the present study, we examined the expressions of initiator caspases in the hippocampus, using immunofluorescent staining for caspase‐8 and caspase‐9, and Hoechst 33342 staining for nuclear chromatin to assess caspase‐8 and ‐9 expression in the CA1, CA3, and the dentate gyrus (DG) on postnatal days (P) 0, P2, P4, P7, P14, P21, P28, P56. The results indicate that caspase‐8 and caspase‐9 were expressed in pyramidal neurons of CA1 and CA3 fields, and granular neurons of the DG during development. Caspase‐8 was expressed in a general upward trend while caspase‐9 showed a slight downward pattern, but still remained at high levels in the adult hippocampus. The expression profiles of caspases‐8 and ‐9 are distinct from that of the apoptotic cells. These data indicate that caspase‐8 may be involved not only in the classical apoptotic function, but also in the cell death of necrosis, and in response to different insults and other nonapoptotic functions. Caspase‐9 plays a role in apoptosis during postnatal development, but it may have other functions as well. Microsc. Res. Tech. 74:153–158, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.