bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of caregiver perceptions of end‐of‐life caregiving experiences in cancer survivorship: in‐depth interview study
Authors: Mori Hiroko , Fukuda Risa , Hayashi Akitoshi , Yamamoto Kazunari , Misago Chizuru , Nakayama Takeo 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjectiveLittle is known about caregiver experiences during the end‐of‐life period. Our objective was to characterize caregiver perceptions of their experiences in cancer survivorship with special reference to the end‐of‐life stage considering depression in bereavement.MethodsQualitative research using in‐depth interviews of 34 caregivers from two palliative care units in Japan. Data were analyzed inductively using framework analysis. Depression and personality traits were measured using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES‐D) and Sense of Coherence (SOC) scales, respectively.ResultsCaregiver perceptions were characterized along two axes. One axis involved four caregiver–cancer patient relationships: strengthening, reconstruction, intimacy‐maintained, and estrangement‐maintained. The core concept was transformation of relationships: caregivers reappraised aspects of caregiver–patient interactions through caregiving. The other axis involved subjective caregiving experiences divided into five concepts: spontaneity of care, discussing death, sympathy for patient emotions, impressions on first witnessing death, and introspective reflections in bereavement. Strengthening and reconstruction relationships appeared similar among the four relationship types, but only the former tended to overcompensate by sacrificing private time. Although median CES‐D scores in each relationship type were under the cutoff for possible depression, four of eight caregivers suspected to have depressive tendencies belonged to the strengthening type. The mean SOC score for all caregivers was intermediate relative to scores previously reported in Japanese studies.ConclusionsWhile caregivers' subjective experiences can be classified, their relationship to depression in bereavement needs future research. The present findings indicate that caregivers should also be considered in clinicians' views of cancer survivorship.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Therapeutic combination of sildenafil and iloprost in a preterm neonate with pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Gürakan Berkan , Kayıran Petek , Öztürk Nilüfer , Kayıran Sinan Mahir , Dindar Aygün 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWhile new pharmacological approaches have been demonstrated to effectively manage PH in adults, few reports have addressed PH treatment in neonates and infants. This case report describes the successful management of severe PH secondary to bronchopulmonary dysplasia, respiratory syncytial virus infection, and hypoxia in a preterm 4‐month‐old with the long‐term use of orally administered sildenafil and inhaled iloprost. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2011; 46:617–620. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adsorption of 2,4,6‐Trinitrotoluene on MFI Zeolite
Authors: Walsh Graham , Hamilton Sean 
Published: March 2011

Abstract2,4,6‐Trinitrotoluene (TNT) was adsorbed onto all silica MFI zeolite. These TNT doped zeolite samples were examined using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X‐ray Diffraction (XRD). Results indicate that, using FTIR with an Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) accessory, mass loading percentages as low as 2.5 mass percent TNT in zeolite are detectable. It was also observed that adsorption of TNT onto MFI did not suppress the IR absorbing vibrations of TNT. TNT doped zeolite samples were washed, using vacuum aspiration, with water and acetone, both of which stripped the TNT from the zeolite samples, indicating that the adsorption of TNT onto MFI zeolite is a physisorption, rather than chemisorption, phenomenon. Finally, a lack of strain‐induced peak broadening from XRD studies indicate that TNT does not enter the zeolitic pore structure, rather, it is adsorbed onto the zeolite surface.
A Complete Detonator, Booster, and Main Charge Study of LX‐07/PBX 9502
Authors: Souers P. Clark , Druce Robert L. , Roeske Franklin , Vitello Peter , May Chadd 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA complete study of an exploding bridgewire detonator (EBW), an LX‐07 hemispherical booster and a PBX 9502 outer shell are described. Breakout times from all three are listed in terms of first impact on the booster, i.e., code times. Lucite windows are also used to obtain particle velocities at the edges of each explosive, and these are converted into explosive pressures. The key to modeling is the use of the profile of the aluminum detonator can as it impacts the booster, i.e., we need to know the curvature of the end of the booster can. Modeling even with coarse zoning shows that (i) using reactive flow in the booster is better than programmed burn, (ii) creating the flyer curvature helps, and (iii) creating the time differences of flyer impact helps even more.
Effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects
Authors: Desaeger Johan A , Rivera Michel , Leighty Robert , Portillo Hector 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Methomyl is a widely used carbamate insecticide that has traditionally been applied as a foliar spray. More recently, methomyl has been labeled as a soil application via drip chemigation. Not much is known about the insecticidal and nematicidal potential of soil‐applied methomyl. Methomyl soil applications were evaluated for their potential to control soil nematodes and foliar insect pests in a series of lab and greenhouse tests.RESULTS: Methomyl showed rapid knockdown of Meloidogyne incognita (Kof. & White) Chitwood in aqueous assays, with EC50 and EC90 values that were similar to oxamyl and averaged 4.9 and 15.2 mg L−1. In the greenhouse, soil applications of methomyl ranging from 0.56 to 4.0 kg ha−1 provided significant M. incognita control similar to oxamyl during early growth (up to 25 days after planting) of pea and bean. Higher application rates and split applications improved nematode control, but also increased the risk of phytotoxicity. Methomyl soil applications were highly effective on several insects including Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Aphis gossypii (Glover), Frankliniella occidentalis Perg. and Spodoptera exigua (Hübner). Methomyl was about 5–9‐fold more potent on M. persicae and A. gossypii when applied via soil drench as opposed to foliar spray. Potency on Bemisia tabaci Genn., S. exigua and Trichoplusia ni Hübner was about the same with the two application methods.CONCLUSION: Methomyl soil applications showed good potential for early control of various insect and nematode pests. Further testing is required to verify activity under field conditions. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of reservoir dispenser height on efficacy of mating disruption of codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in apple
Authors: Epstein David L , Stelinski Lukasz L , Miller James R , Grieshop Matthew J , Gut Larry J 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: The effect of varying the height of reservoir dispensers for mating disruption of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), was investigated. The goal was to improve the effectiveness of C. pomonella mating disruption through improved understanding of adult distribution within the tree canopy and the impact of pheromone dispenser placement on disruption. Two dispensers per tree were placed at 2 m and 4 m and/or one dispenser at each height on the tree at a label rate of 1000 units ha−1. Monitoring traps and tethered female moths were deployed in plots at 2 and 4 m heights to assess treatment effects by catches or matings respectively.RESULTS: Fewest male moths were captured with all dispensers placed at 4 m. Female mating was lowest, and with least variation between females tethered at 2 and 4 m, when dispensers were placed simultaneously at 2 and 4 m (28% mated). Mating was 32% with both dispensers at 4 m, 38% with both dispensers at 2 m and 46% in the no disruption control. Mating was highest across treatments when females were tethered at 2 m and dispensers placed at 4 m (40%), and when females were tethered at 4 m with dispensers placed at 2 m (46%).CONCLUSION: Traps at 4 m in trees captured more male moths than traps at 2 m, regardless of disruption dispenser positioning. Female mating was lowest when dispensers were placed simultaneously at 2 and 4 m, suggesting that current recommendations for placement of reservoir dispensers in tree crowns may be suboptimal. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis of 2‐amino‐6‐oxocyclohexenyl‐ sulfonamides and their activity against Botrytis cinerea
Authors: Li Xing‐Hai , Ji Ming‐Shan , Qi Zhi‐Qiu , Li Xiu‐Wei , Shen Yu‐Xia , Gu Zu‐Min , Zhang Yang , Wei Song‐Hong , Wang Ying‐Zi , Wang Dao‐Quan 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: With the objective of exploring the fungicidal activity of 2‐oxocyclohexylsulfonamides (2), a series of novel 2‐amino‐6‐oxocyclohexenylsulfonamides (6 to 23) were synthesised, and their fungicidal activities against Botrytis cinerea Pers. were evaluated in vitro and in vivo.RESULTS: The compounds were characterised by IR, 1H NMR and elemental analysis. Bioassay results of mycelial growth showed that compounds 6 to 23 had a moderate antifungal activity against B. cinerea. N‐(2‐methylphenyl)‐2‐(2‐methylphenylamino)‐4,4‐dimethyl‐6‐oxocyclohexenylsulfonamide (13) and N‐(2‐chlorophenyl)‐2‐(2‐chlorophenylamino)‐6‐oxocyclohexenylsulfonamide (21) showed best antifungal activities, with EC50 values of 8.05 and 10.56 µg mL−1 respectively. Commercial fungicide procymidone provided an EC50 value of 0.63 µg mL−1. The conidial germination assay showed that most of compounds 6 to 23 possessed excellent inhibition of spore germination and germ‐tube elongation of conidia of B. cinerea. For in vivo control of B. cinerea colonising cucumber leaves, the compound N‐cyclohexyl‐2‐(cyclohexylamino)‐4,4‐dimethyl‐6‐oxocyclohexenylsulfonamide (19) showed a better control effect than the commercial fungicide procymidone.CONCLUSION: The present work demonstrated that 2‐amino‐6‐oxocyclohexenylsulfonamides can be used as possible new lead compounds for further developing novel fungicides against B. cinerea. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Density functional calculation for growth of GaN on graphite as 3D growth on 2D material
Authors: Ishii Akira , Tatani Takaaki , Nakada Kengo 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe density functional calculation is performed to determine the structure of the grown GaN film on graphite substrate for comparison with experimental results using pulsed laser deposition method. The predicted result for polarity of the grown GaN is the nitrogen‐terminated face, (0001) and it agrees with experiment. Since graphite is the 2 dimensional material having very weak interaction between layers, graphite is considered to be an ideal lattice mismatch free substrate for heteroepitaxial growth. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Improved one‐sided control charts for the mean of a positively skewed population using truncated saddlepoint approximations
Authors: Chen Binchao , Matis Timothy , Benneyan James 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis paper develops a truncated saddlepoint (TS) control chart for the mean of a population with a skewed density. This chart requires the estimation of only a few population cumulants from sample data and is relatively straightforward in construction. Performance is assessed at various levels of truncation in terms of type 1 and 2 error rates and compared with other heuristic control charts via the Monte Carlo simulation. The truncated saddlepoint (TS) chart is shown to generally outperform these charts, especially in cases with small sample sizes or high levels of population skewness. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the global stability of conventional PID control for a class of chemical reactors
Authors: Alvarez‐Ramirez Jose , Alvarez Jesus , Schaum Alexander 
Published: March 2011

SUMMARYThe stabilization properties of derivative control for chemical reactor stabilization have been rarely studied in the literature. In a pioneering work, Aris and coworkers (textitChem. Eng. Sci. 1959; 11:199–206.) used linear analysis to show that derivative control offers greater stabilization flexibility than proportional control. The aim of this work is to show that mixed derivative and proportional control can yield global stabilization for a large class of continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTR) characterized by having stable isothermical dynamics. The stability proof exploits the structure of CSTR models where the nonlinearity is concentrated in the chemical reaction kinetics. It is shown that the proportional mode is a type of energy shaping to induce a unique equilibrium point, while the derivative mode can be interpreted as a global damping injection to reduce undesired transient effects, such as temperature overshooting and oscillations. A numerical example is used to illustrate the different features of mixed proportional and derivative control in chemical reactor dynamics. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prioritizing Local Agenda 21 Programmes using Analytic Network Process: A Spanish Case Study
Authors: Peris Jordi , García‐Melón Mónica , Gómez‐Navarro Tomás , Calabuig Carola 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTGiven that prioritization of programmes is a key concern in Local Agenda 21 processes, the aim of this paper is to explore how the Analytic Network Process (ANP) can provide greater consistency and legitimacy to prioritization of local action plans. Through the analysis of an experience in the municipality of Benetusser in Spain, the study shows how ANP, by modelling reality as a network of multiple and mutual interrelations, embraces complexity and translates it into a set of operational questionnaires that help participants to reflect on their preferences and think deeply on the real implications of programmes for sustainable development. In the case study, citizens, technical staff and politicians of Benetusser carried out the prioritization process by defining a set of criteria and assessing the programmes in an interrelated way. The experience shows that the ANP procedure not only allows prioritization to be dealt with in an organized and systematic way, but also enables reflective thinking on sustainable development and the role of Local Agenda 21 itself. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Single‐Particle Tracking of Hepatitis B Virus‐like Vesicle Entry into Cells
Authors: Hao Xian , Shang Xin , Wu Jiazhen , Shan Yuping , Cai Mingjun , Jiang Junguang , Huang Zhong , Tang Zhiyong , Wang Hongda 
Published: March 2011

AbstractHBsAg, the surface antigen of the hepatitis B virus (HBV), is used as a model to study the mechanisms and dynamics of a single‐enveloped virus infecting living cells by imaging and tracking at the single‐particle level. By monitoring the fluorescent indicator of HBsAg particles, it is found that HBsAg enters cells via a caveolin‐mediated endocytic pathway. Tracking of individual HBsAg particles in living cells reveals the anomalously actin‐dependent but not microtubule‐dependent motility of the internalized HBsAg particle. The motility of HBsAg particles in living cells is also analyzed quantitatively. These results may settle the long‐lasting debate of whether HBV directly breaks the plasma membrane barrier or relies on endocytosis to deliver its genome into the cell, and how the virus moves in the cell.
A method for alignment evaluation of product strategies among stakeholders (MASS) in software intensive product development
Authors: Khurum Mahvish , Gorschek Tony 
Published: March 2011

AbstractCurrent practices in the industry are moving towards the market‐driven development of software intensive products compared to customer‐specific system development. Consequently, product management is faced with several challenges that have to be addressed as a part of the market‐driven requirements engineering process. One of the important challenges is how to select the right mix of requirements, balancing short‐term and long‐term gains. One way to address this challenge is to utilize product strategies for selecting requirements. However, in order to do this the internal success‐critical stakeholders (SCS) involved in strategies creation and requirements selection need to be aligned with respect to a product's strategic goals and objectives. This paper presents a method to enable the evaluation of degree of alignment between SCS with respect to the understanding and interpretation of a product's strategy. Further, the method not only enables the evaluation of alignment, but also specifically shows misalignment, and enables the identification of leading causes. The method has been developed in collaboration with the industry and its application is shown through a case study at Ericsson AB. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Fluid Transport Characteristics on the Level Fluctuation in the Pool of Twin‐Roll Strip Casting
Authors: Wang Bo , Zhang JieYu , Zhang WeiDong , Ren SanBing , Fan JunFei , An ShengLi , Chou K.‐C. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe fluid transport characteristics and level fluctuations in the pool of twin‐roll strip casting are studied using a water model and mathematical simulations. The level profile depends on the transport characteristics of the flow in the pool. A full scale water modeling experiment has been conducted to address the relationship between the fluid flow and level fluctuation in the narrow strip pool. The residence time of fluid at the ports of nozzle and nip points of caster are measured to evaluate the fluid flow uniformity in the caster. The level fluctuations are measured with wave gauge and sensors. Mathematical modeling is also established to help anticipate flow patterns in the pool and residence time at the exits of nozzle and caster. The results show that a strong jet flow impinging on the both sides of delivery system is generated and free surface oscillations increase at the most lateral ports of delivery system. The fluids are uniformly distributed along the direction of roll width at the narrow pool zone. The flow patterns are complex near side dams' zone. Calculated results are in good agreement with residence time and average wave height measurements.
The Effects of Electromagnetic Brake on Liquid Steel Flow in Thin Slab Caster
Authors: Yavuz Mehmet Metin 
Published: March 2011

AbstractComputational fluid dynamics (CFD) model with magneto hydro dynamics (MHD) is developed for a thin slab caster to investigate the effects of electromagnetic brake (EMBr) on liquid steel flow in continuous casting mold and to determine the EMBr practices which lead to optimal flow structure. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) tests in water model and meniscus flow measurements in real caster are performed to validate the predictions obtained with CFD models. The performance of different submerged entry nozzle designs, SEN 1 and SEN 2, are evaluated. The effects of nozzle submergence in relation to the applied magnetic field on mold flow structure are quantified. There are significant differences between flow structures obtained with SEN 1 and SEN 2, even though both designs have fundamental similarities and contain four ports. EMBr mainly reduces the meniscus velocities for SEN 2 as opposed to the foremost influence of EMBr for SEN 1 that is to significantly slow down the downward jet coming from the bottom ports. In addition, reducing the EMBr strength for shallow nozzle submergence and increasing the EMBr strength for deep nozzle submergence help to maintain similar meniscus activity for all conditions.
Effect of Ti Additions on Micro‐Alloyed Nb TRIP Steel
Authors: Jung Jaehyuk , Lee Seok‐Jae , Kim Sungil , De Cooman B. C. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn the present study, the influence of Ti‐additions on the mechanical properties of Nb‐microalloyed TRIP steel is investigated. Ti micro‐alloying additions to multi‐phase Nb TRIP steel result in a substantial increase of the yield strength and a reduction of strain hardening. The increase of the yield strength can be attributed mainly to grain refinement with a relatively small contribution of precipitation hardening. Based on general principles and well‐known models of alloying strengthening, metallurgical reasons for the observed mechanical behavior of the steel can be formulated. The contribution of precipitation hardening is relatively small as Ti‐addition result in the formation of coarse (Nb,Ti)(C,N) particles. The addition of Ti to a Nb‐microalloyed TRIP steel leads to a pronounced enhancement of precipitation kinetics of (Nb,Ti)(C,N), thereby increasing their phase fraction. The precipitates coarsen and tend to form groups of aggregates of particles rather than single isolated particles with increasing intercritical annealing time. In addition, Ti‐addition to Nb‐microalloyed TRIP steel has a direct influence on the chemical composition of the precipitates, which become Ti‐rich.
Incremental Sheet Metal Forming: Numerical Simulation and Rapid Prototyping Process to make an Automobile White‐Body
Authors: Duc‐Toan Nguyen , Seung‐Han Yang , Dong‐Won Jung , Tae‐Hoon Choi , Young‐Suk Kim 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn order to make an automobile body structure, incremental sheet metal forming is introduced as a rapid prototyping process. Numerical modeling of the process is initially used to predict the deformation of the sheet metal to avoid failure during the incremental forming process using ABAQUS/Explicit finite element code and OYANE's ductile fracture criterion via a VUMAT user material. An automobile CAD model is then designed, and segmented into several parts in order to accommodate the working space of the CNC machine and formability of sheet metal. After that, CAM software is used to generate a tool‐path for making wooden‐dies and all small parts. Finally, a welding process is applied to join all parts which were cut by laser cutting after incremental sheet forming process.
Pasting properties of Angelica dahurica starches in the presence of NaCl, Na2CO3, NaOH, glucose, fructose and sucrose
Authors: Zhou Hongying , Wang Jianhua , Li Jinli , Fang Xinsheng , Sun Yinshi 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe pasting viscosities of starches from Angelica dahurica (three cultivars named Chuan Baizhi, Yu Baizhi and Qi Baizhi in Chinese, respectively), in the presence of NaCl, Na2CO3, NaOH, glucose, fructose and sucrose were determined with a rapid visco analyser. The pasting peak, trough or final viscosities and the pasting temperatures (Pt) of Baizhi starches increased with NaCl concentration increased from 0 to 3.0%. The peak viscosities of Baizhi starches increased at 0.2% Na2CO3 concentration and then decreased with Na2CO3 concentration up to 0.8%. The trough and final viscosities and the Pt decreased with Na2CO3 concentration up to 0.8%. The peak viscosities increased in 0.1%, but decreased in 0.2% NaOH concentration. The trough and final viscosities and the Pt decreased in the presence of NaOH. With the concentration of sugar (glucose, fructose and sucrose) increased from 0 to 20%, the pasting peak, trough and final viscosities of these starches increased significantly. For the same Baizhi starch, the elevation of peak viscosity was the most significant when fructose was added, and the elevation of final viscosity was the greatest when sucrose was added.