bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production of monocytic cells from bone marrow stem cells: therapeutic usage in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Magga Johanna , Savchenko Ekaterina , Malm Tarja , Rolova Taisia , Pollari Eveliina , Valonen Piia , Lehtonen Šárka , Jantunen Esa , Aarnio Jussi , Lehenkari Petri , Koistinaho Milla , Muona Anu , Koistinaho Jari 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAccumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) is a major hallmark in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Bone marrow derived monocytic cells (BMM) have been shown to reduce Aβ burden in mouse models of AD, alleviating the AD pathology. BMM have been shown to be more efficient phagocytes in AD than the endogenous brain microglia. Because BMM have a natural tendency to infiltrate into the injured area, they could be regarded as optimal candidates for cell‐based therapy in AD. In this study, we describe a method to obtain monocytic cells from BM‐derived haematopoietic stem cells (HSC). Mouse or human HSC were isolated and differentiated in the presence of macrophage colony stimulating factor (MCSF). The cells were characterized by assessing the expression profile of monocyte markers and cytokine response to inflammatory stimulus. The phagocytic capacity was determined with Aβ uptake assay in vitro and Aβ degradation assay of natively formed Aβ deposits ex vivo and in a transgenic APdE9 mouse model of AD in vivo. HSC were lentivirally transduced with enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) to determine the effect of gene modification on the potential of HSC‐derived cells for therapeutic purposes. HSC‐derived monocytic cells (HSCM) displayed inflammatory responses comparable to microglia and peripheral monocytes. We also show that HSCM contributed to Aβ reduction and could be genetically modified without compromising their function. These monocytic cells could be obtained from human BM or mobilized peripheral blood HSC, indicating a potential therapeutic relevance for AD.
Mesenchymal stem cells promote the sustained expression of CD69 on activated T lymphocytes: roles of canonical and non‐canonical NF‐κB signalling
Authors: Saldanha‐Araujo Felipe , Haddad Rodrigo , Farias Kelen C. R. Malmegrim de , Souza Alessandra de Paula Alves , Palma Patrícia V. , Araujo Amélia G. , Orellana Maristela D. , Voltarelli Julio C. , Covas Dimas T. , Zago Marco A. , Panepucci Rodrigo A. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known to induce the conversion of activated T cells into regulatory T cells in vitro. The marker CD69 is a target of canonical nuclear factor kappa‐B (NF‐κB) signalling and is transiently expressed upon activation; however, stable CD69 expression defines cells with immunoregulatory properties. Given its enormous therapeutic potential, we explored the molecular mechanisms underlying the induction of regulatory cells by MSCs. Peripheral blood CD3+ T cells were activated and cultured in the presence or absence of MSCs. CD4+ cell mRNA expression was then characterized by microarray analysis. The drug BAY11‐7082 (BAY) and a siRNA against v‐rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog B (RELB) were used to explore the differential roles of canonical and non‐canonical NF‐κB signalling, respectively. Flow cytometry and real‐time PCR were used for analyses. Genes with immunoregulatory functions, CD69 and non‐canonical NF‐κB subunits (RELB and NFKB2) were all expressed at higher levels in lymphocytes co‐cultured with MSCs. The frequency of CD69+ cells among lymphocytes cultured alone progressively decreased after activation. In contrast, the frequency of CD69+ cells increased significantly following activation in lymphocytes co‐cultured with MSCs. Inhibition of canonical NF‐κB signalling by BAY immediately following activation blocked the induction of CD69; however, inhibition of canonical NF‐κB signalling on the third day further induced the expression of CD69. Furthermore, late expression of CD69 was inhibited by RELB siRNA. These results indicate that the canonical NF‐κB pathway controls the early expression of CD69 after activation; however, in an immunoregulatory context, late and sustained CD69 expression is promoted by the non‐canonical pathway and is inhibited by canonical NF‐κB signalling.
Genetic estimates of population structure and dispersal in a benthic stream fish
Authors: Lamphere Bradley A. , Blum Michael J. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract– Comparing genetic and demographic estimates of dispersal in freshwater fish can improve understanding of movement distributions and population connectivity. Here we examined genetic variation among mottled sculpin (Cottus bairdi) in the Nantahala River (North Carolina, USA) to compare genetic estimates of dispersal with estimates derived from mark–recapture studies of individual movement. Microsatellite‐based analysis of gene flow revealed evidence of strong isolation by distance among locations spanning only 5.6 km and limited dispersal among clusters of sites separated by swift cascades. Estimates of between‐cluster contemporary dispersal rates derived from Bayesian assignment tests ranged from 1% to 6%, with most movement occurring among adjacent clusters in a downstream direction. Evidence of a long‐term net immigration asymmetry and decreasing genetic diversity from downstream to upstream locations indicates that historical patterns of stream colonisation contrast with contemporary dispersal patterns. Our findings are largely consistent with predictions from individual movement patterns but suggest that long moves (>500 m) are more frequent, and maximum dispersal distances are greater than what has been reported from mark–recapture studies. The discrepancy may reflect spatial limitations of mark–recapture methods or temporal variation in dispersal in individuals and populations.
Preventing recurrent cerebrovascular events in patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack: The current data
Authors: Bergman Deborah 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPurpose: To describe recurrent stroke in relation to the current data, treatment guidelines, diagnostic considerations, risk prevention, and management for the nurse practitioner (NP).Data sources: An extensive review of the scientific literature, clinical trials, and clinical guidelines.Conclusions: Recurrent stroke is a major health concern. A first ischemic cerebrovascular event or transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a risk factor for future strokes.Implications for practice: The risk of recurring stroke has been demonstrated in multiple studies, yet only approximately 5% of stroke patients receive appropriate therapy in a timely manner. The stroke or TIA workup should be completed quickly so that the appropriate treatments and interventions can be initiated to reduce the risk of an additional event. The etiology of the stroke and identification of personal risk factors are important because treatment depends on the specific stroke mechanism. A variety of antiplatelet trials have specific implications for stroke and recurrent stroke. Present treatments include aspirin, aspirin plus extended‐release dipyridamole and clopidogrel. The NP plays an important role in ongoing patient education about symptoms, the long‐term management of the patient, and reduction of future stroke risk.
Population structure of island‐associated dolphins: Evidence from mitochondrial and microsatellite markers for common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) around the main Hawaiian Islands
Authors: Martien Karen K. , Baird Robin W. , Hedrick Nicole M. , Gorgone Antoinette M. , Thieleking Janet L. , McSweeney Daniel J. , Robertson Kelly M. , Webster Daniel L. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe used mitochondrial and nuclear genetic markers to investigate population structure of common bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, around the main Hawaiian Islands. Though broadly distributed throughout the world's oceans, bottlenose dolphins are known to form small populations in coastal waters. Recent photo‐identification data suggest the same is true in Hawaiian waters. We found genetic differentiation among (mtDNA ΦST= 0.014–0.141, microsatellite F’ST= 0.019–0.050) and low dispersal rates between (0.17–5.77 dispersers per generation) the main Hawaiian Island groups. Our results are consistent with movement rates estimated from photo‐identification data and suggest that each island group supports a demographically independent population. Inclusion in our analyses of samples collected near Palmyra Atoll provided evidence that the Hawaiian Islands are also occasionally visited by members of a genetically distinct, pelagic population. Two of our samples exhibited evidence of partial ancestry from Indo‐Pacific bottlenose dolphins (T. aduncus), a species not known to inhabit the Hawaiian Archipelago. Our findings have important implications for the management of Hawaiian bottlenose dolphins and raise concerns about the vulnerability to human impacts of pelagic species in island ecosystems.
Epidemiological study of colorectal adenoma and cancer in symptomatic patients in China between 1990 and 2009
Authors: CHEN Hui Min , WENG Yu Rong , JIANG Bo , SHENG Jian Qiu , ZHENG Ping , YU Cheng Gong , FANG Jing Yuan 
Published: July 2011

OBJECTIVE:  The best cure for colorectal cancer (CRC) lies on its early diagnosis and treatment. We aimed to provide the epidemiological features of advanced colorectal adenoma (A‐CRA) and CRC in symptomatic patients and to determine whether the incidences of A‐CRA and CRC increased simultaneously in China between 1990 and 2009.METHODS:  A total of 157 943 patients who had undergone a colonoscopy from 1990 to 2009 were enrolled, of which 6 777 patients had A‐CRA and 3 503 had CRC. They were compared with controls in a stratified analysis. The detection rates of A‐CRA and CRC in the 1990s and 2000s were also compared.RESULTS:  The detection rate of A‐CRA increased 1.88‐fold over the two decades, while that of CRC increased 0.66‐fold. The percentages of patients with A‐CRA and CRC who were elder than 50 years were significantly higher in the 2000s than those in the 1990s (P = 0.000). The changes of location of A‐CRA and CRC during the two decades indicated a shift of lesions from the distal colon to proximal colon.CONCLUSION:  There was a significant increase in detection rate of A‐CRA in the 2000s, but CRC did not increase at a similar speed. Our results indicated that the early detection and removal of colorectal adenoma in symptomatic patients might decrease the incidence of CRC.
Permanent Genetic Resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 April 2011–31 May 2011
Authors:   Molecular Ecology Resources Primer Development Consortium,, BONIZZONI MARIANGELA , BOURJEA JÉRÔME , CHEN BIN , CRAIN B. J. , CUI LIWANG , FIORENTINO V. , HARTMANN S. , HENDRICKS S. , KETMAIER V. , MA XIAOGUANG , MUTHS DELPHINE , PAVESI L. , PFAUTSCH S. , RIEGER M. A. , SANTONASTASO T. , SATTABONGKOT JETSUMON , TARON C. H. , TARON D. J. , TIEDEMANN R. , YAN GUIYUN , ZHENG BIN , ZHONG DAIBIN 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis article documents the addition of 92 microsatellite marker loci to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Anopheles minimus, An. sinensis, An. dirus, Calephelis mutica, Lutjanus kasmira, Murella muralis and Orchestia montagui. These loci were cross‐tested on the following species: Calephelis arizonensi, Calephelis borealis, Calephelis nemesis, Calephelis virginiensis and Lutjanus bengalensis.
Searching for evidence of selection in avian DNA barcodes
Authors: KERR KEVIN C. R. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe barcode of life project has assembled a tremendous number of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) sequences. Although these sequences were gathered to develop a DNA‐based system for species identification, it has been suggested that further biological inferences may also be derived from this wealth of data. Recurrent selective sweeps have been invoked as an evolutionary mechanism to explain limited intraspecific COI diversity, particularly in birds, but this hypothesis has not been formally tested. In this study, I collated COI sequences from previous barcoding studies on birds and tested them for evidence of selection. Using this expanded data set, I re‐examined the relationships between intraspecific diversity and interspecific divergence and sampling effort, respectively. I employed the McDonald‐Kreitman test to test for neutrality in sequence evolution between closely related pairs of species. Because amino acid sequences were generally constrained between closely related pairs, I also included broader intra‐order comparisons to quantify patterns of protein variation in avian COI sequences. Lastly, using 22 published whole mitochondrial genomes, I compared the evolutionary rate of COI against the other 12 protein‐coding mitochondrial genes to assess intragenomic variability. I found no conclusive evidence of selective sweeps. Most evidence pointed to an overall trend of strong purifying selection and functional constraint. The COI protein did vary across the class Aves, but to a very limited extent. COI was the least variable gene in the mitochondrial genome, suggesting that other genes might be more informative for probing factors constraining mitochondrial variation within species.
The pleiotropic roles of autophagy regulators in melanogenesis
Authors: Ho Hsiang , Ganesan Anand K. 
Published: July 2011

SummaryMelanin pigments protect the skin and eyes from toxic insults and are critical for the normal functioning of multiple organ systems including the skin, eyes, and brain. Biochemical and genetic studies in both human and mice have revealed the molecular machinery controlling the transcription of genes encoding enzymes that produce melanin and the trafficking of these enzymes to the melanosome, a lysosome‐related organelle dedicated to melanin synthesis. Recent functional genomic studies have identified a role for genes previously known to regulate autophagy, a cellular process that facilitates nutrient recycling during starvation, in the biogenesis of melanosomes in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we describe the pleiotropic roles of autophagy regulators in multiple vesicle trafficking processes, define a specific role for autophagy regulators in melanosome biogenesis, and shed light on how autophagy and autophagy regulators may play different roles in both the biogenesis of melanosomes and melanosome destruction.
Slow‐rotation dynamic SPECT with a temporal second derivative constraint
Authors: Humphries T. , Celler A. , Trummer M. 
Published: July 2011

Purpose:Dynamic tracer behavior in the human body arises as a result of continuous physiological processes. Hence, the change in tracer concentration within a region of interest (ROI) should follow a smooth curve. The authors propose a modification to an existing slow‐rotation dynamic SPECT reconstruction algorithm (dSPECT) with the goal of improving the smoothness of time activity curves (TACs) and other properties of the reconstructed image.Methods:The new method, denoted EM, imposes a constraint on the second derivative (concavity) of the TAC in every voxel of the reconstructed image, allowing it to change sign at most once. Further constraints are enforced to prevent other nonphysical behaviors from arising. The new method is compared with dSPECT using digital phantom simulations and experimental dynamic 99mTc ‐DTPA renal SPECT data, to assess any improvement in image quality.Results:In both phantom simulations and healthy volunteer experiments, the EM method provides smoother TACs than dSPECT, with more consistent shapes in regions with dynamic behavior. Magnitudes of TACs within an ROI still vary noticeably in both dSPECT and EM images, but also in images produced using an OSEM approach that reconstructs each time frame individually, based on much more complete projection data. TACs produced by averaging over a region are similar using either method, even for small ROIs. Results for experimental renal data show expected behavior in images produced by both methods, with EM providing somewhat smoother mean TACs and more consistent TAC shapes.Conclusions:The EM method is successful in improving the smoothness of time activity curves obtained from the reconstruction, as well as improving consistency of TAC shapes within ROIs.
Adeno-Associated Virus Antibody Profiles in Newborns, Children, and Adolescents
Authors: Calcedo Roberto , Morizono Hiroki , Wang Lili , McCarter Robert , He Jianping , Jones David , Batshaw Mark L. , Wilson James M. 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTNeutralizing antibodies (NAb) to an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector due to previous natural infection with wild-type AAV can significantly limit gene transfer. NAb titers to AAV serotype 2 (AAV2) and AAV8 in human subjects (0 to 18 years) were studied. NAb prevalence is moderate at birth, decreases markedly from 7 to 11 months, and then progressively increases through childhood and adolescence.
Isolation of Potentially Useful Antigens from Cyathostomin Third-Stage Larvae by Using a Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography One-Step Method
Authors: Paz-Silva A. , Francisco R. , Rodríguez I. , Francisco I. , Cazapal-Monteiro C. F. , Arias M. S. , Suárez J. L. , Sánchez-Andrade R. 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTThree major protein complexes (51, 29, and 15 kDa, named P1 to P3, respectively) were resolved by gel filtration of the excretory/secretory antigens collected from a mixture of horse cyathostomin third-stage larvae (L3s). The potential application for the detection of infected horses was assessed with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) by the comparison of the serological and copromicroscopical results. The value of the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was higher than 0.9 when the three peaks were used. Elevated values (>90%) for the sensitivity, specificity, and the positive-likelihood ratio were also observed for all the antigen complexes. A significant increment in the IgG antibody levels 4 weeks prior to the observation of eggs in the feces of weanlings naturally infected was recorded. Our results indicate that the evaluation of chemotherapy is possible by using immunoenzymatic probes and fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC)-purified antigens. Data collected in the present investigation indicate that FPLC isolation offers a very helpful one-step method for collecting antigens with diagnostic potential to be employed in immunoenzymatic probes.
Comparison of a Commercially Available Repetitive-Element PCR System (DiversiLab) with PCR Ribotyping for Typing of Clostridium difficile Strains
Authors: Eckert C. , Van Broeck J. , Spigaglia P. , Burghoffer B. , Delmée M. , Mastrantonio P. , Barbut F. 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACT
This study compared a repetitive-element PCR (rep-PCR) method (DiversiLab system) to PCR ribotyping. The discriminatory power of rep-PCR was 0.997. Among the PCR ribotype 027 isolates tested, different rep types could be distinguished. rep-PCR showed a higher discriminatory power than PCR ribotyping. Nevertheless, this method requires technical skill, and visual interpretation of rep-PCR fingerprint patterns may be difficult.
Recurrent Intravascular-Catheter-Related Bacteremia Caused by Delftia acidovorans in a Hemodialysis Patient
Authors: Chotikanatis Kobkul , Bäcker Martin , Rosas-Garcia Gabriela , Hammerschlag Margaret R. 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACT

We report the first case of recurrent intravascular-catheter-related bacteremia in a pediatric hemodialysis patient caused by
Delftia acidovorans
, previously called
Comamonas acidovorans
or
Pseudomonas acidovorans
. The patient had a history of multiple infections of central vascular catheters with other organisms, requiring courses of antibiotics and catheter replacements. Previously reported cases of
D. acidovorans
infections are reviewed. The isolate appeared to become resistant to cephalosporins after antibiotic treatment, but resistance could not be confirmed with additional testing.
In vitro
susceptibility testing for cephalosporins is not reliable for this organism.
First Reported Case of Catheter-Related Fungemia Due to Candida mengyuniae
Authors: Alcoba-Florez J. , Laich F. , Pérez-Roth E. , Ode-Febles J. , Méndez-Álvarez S. 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACT

We report a case of intravenous catheter-associated fungemia caused by the recently described species
Candida mengyuniae
, a yeast not previously associated with human disease. The infection occurred in an 89-year-old woman with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Yeast isolates recovered from a catheter and blood were identified as
C. mengyuniae
by sequencing of the 18S, 5.8S internal transcribed spacer, and D1/D2 26S ribosomal DNA domains.
Multiplex 5′ Nuclease-Quantitative PCR for Diagnosis of Relapsing Fever in a Large Tanzanian Cohort
Authors: Reller Megan E. , Clemens Emily G. , Schachterle Steve E. , Mtove George A. , Sullivan David J. , Dumler J. Stephen 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACT

Relapsing fever (RF) is caused by tick- and louse-borne
Borrelia
spp., is characterized by recurrent fever, and is often misdiagnosed as malaria. Because of submicroscopic bacteremia, microscopy can be insensitive between febrile bouts. We designed a multiplex quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay to distinguish RF
Borrelia
from
Plasmodium falciparum
and
P. vivax
. The assay specifically (100%) amplified pathogenic RF
Borrelia
(1 copy/reaction). We then tested blood from participants within a Tanzanian cohort assessed at scheduled intervals and with fever. Among 8,617 blood samples from 2,057 participants surveyed routinely, 7 (0.08%) samples and 7 (0.3%) participants had RF DNA (median, 4.4 × 10
3
copies/ml). Of 382 samples from 310 febrile persons, 15 (3.9%) samples from 13 (4.2%) participants had RF DNA (median, 7.9 × 10
2
copies/ml). Five (1.3%) samples from 4 (1.3%) participants were found to harbor
Borrelia
by microscopy. We conclude that multiplex qPCR holds promise for improved clinical diagnosis and epidemiologic assessment of RF.
Improved Detection of Respiratory Viruses in Pediatric Outpatients with Acute Respiratory Illness by Real-Time PCR Using Nasopharyngeal Flocked Swabs
Authors: Munywoki Patrick Kiio , Hamid Fauzat , Mutunga Martin , Welch Steve , Cane Patricia , Nokes D. James 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACT

Detection of respiratory viruses by real-time multiplexed PCR (M-PCR) and of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) by M-PCR and immunofluorescence (IF) was evaluated using specimens collected by nasopharyngeal flocked swabbing (NFS) and nasal washes (NW). In children with mild respiratory illness, NFS collection was superior to NW collection for detection of viruses by M-PCR (sensitivity, 89.6% versus 79.2%;
P
= 0.0043). NFS collection was noninferior to NW collection in the detection of RSV by IF.