bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An EAR‐motif‐containing ERF transcription factor affects herbivore‐induced signaling, defense and resistance in rice
Authors: Lu Jing , Ju Hongping , Zhou Guoxin , Zhu Chuanshu , Erb Matthias , Wang Xiaopeng , Wang Peng , Lou Yonggen 
Published: August 2011

SummaryEthylene responsive factors (ERFs) are a large family of plant‐specific transcription factors that are involved in the regulation of plant development and stress responses. However, little to nothing is known about their role in herbivore‐induced defense. We discovered a nucleus‐localized ERF gene in rice (Oryza sativa), OsERF3, that was rapidly up‐regulated in response to feeding by the rice striped stem borer (SSB) Chilo suppressalis. Antisense and over‐expression of OsERF3 revealed that it positively affects transcript levels of two mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and two WRKY genes as well as concentrations of jasmonate (JA), salicylate (SA) and the activity of trypsin protease inhibitors (TrypPIs). OsERF3 was also found to mediate the resistance of rice to SSB. On the other hand, OsERF3 was slightly suppressed by the rice brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) and increased susceptibility to this piercing sucking insect, possibly by suppressing H2O2 biosynthesis. We propose that OsERF3 affects early components of herbivore‐induced defense responses by suppressing MAPK repressors and modulating JA, SA, ethylene and H2O2 pathways as well as plant resistance. Our results also illustrate that OsERF3 acts as a central switch that gears the plant’s metabolism towards an appropriate response to chewing or piercing/sucking insects.
Phylogenetic and phenotypic originality and abundance in a cerrado plant community
Authors: DA SILVA DANILO MUNIZ , SILVA IGOR AURÉLIO , BATALHA MARCO ANTÔNIO 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe originality of a species is how much that species contributes to the rarity of traits in a community. Here we tested the relation between abundance and both phylogenetic and phenotypic originality. We measured nine traits associated with defence against herbivory, as well as phylogenetic information and abundance for woody plant species in a woodland cerrado in southeastern Brazil. About 90% of the species accounted for about 50% of the phylogenetic and phenotypic originality: most woody species had low originality. Abundance was related to tougher leaves, lower specific leaf area and lower originality based on nutritional quality. Our results suggest that herbivory may reduce the abundance of species with low resistance to herbivory and with different nutritional quality. Nevertheless, abundance was not related to either phylogenetic or phenotypic originality, so extinction of rare species may not endanger overall community function as long as more abundant species are retained. We argue that this is a consequence of the low complementarity of a large number of woody species.
Size delays female senescence in a medium sized marsupial: The effects of maternal traits on annual fecundity in the northern brown bandicoot (Isoodon macrourus)
Authors: PRICE‐REES SAMANTHA J. , CONGDON BRADLEY C. , KROCKENBERGER ANDREW K. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe degree to which females allocate resources between current reproduction, future fecundity and survival is a central theme in life history theory. We investigated two hypotheses proposed to explain patterns of reproductive investment, terminal investment and senescence, by examining the effects of maternal traits (age and maternal mass) on annual fecundity in female northern brown bandicoots, Isoodon macrourus (Marsupialia: Peramelidae). We found that annual fecundity in females declined in their final year of reproduction, indicating reproductive senescence. Maternal mass significantly influenced the rate of senescence and, in turn, a female's lifetime reproductive output. Mass had little effect on fecundity in 1st and 2nd year females, but a positive relationship with fecundity in 3rd year females. This meant that heavy, 3rd year females did not suffer the decline in fecundity shown in light 3rd year females. For 1st year females, mass and leg length increased between their first and second reproductive seasons, indicating a temporary shift, from the allocation of resources to reproduction, to increasing condition or structural size post their first breeding event. There were no net changes to body mass in subsequent years. We suggest that this year of post‐reproductive growth has important consequences for senescent effects on reproduction. Overall, results provided support for the effects of senescence on annual fecundity. Our findings were not consistent with the terminal investment hypothesis; reproductive output did not increase in females' final reproductive season despite a rapid decline in survival. However, this notion cannot be entirely dismissed; other measures of reproductive performance not examined here (e.g. offspring mass) may have provided an indication that females did increase their effort at the end of their lifespan. This study highlights the difficulty of measuring reproductive costs and the importance of understanding the combined effects of specific characteristics of an individual when interpreting reproductive strategies in iteroparous organisms.
Foraging conditions ‘at the end of the world’ in the context of long‐distance migration and population declines in red knots
Authors: ESCUDERO GRACIELA , NAVEDO JUAN G. , PIERSMA THEUNIS , DE GOEIJ PETRA , EDELAAR PIM 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe long‐distance migrant red knot (Calidris canutus ssp. rufa– Scolopacidae) alternates between the northern and southern ends of the New World, one of the longest yearly migrations of any bird and paradoxically overflying apparently suitable habitat at lower latitudes. This subspecies is sharply declining, with a major mortality event following 2000, attributed to commercial overharvesting of food resources at its Delaware Bay (USA) stop‐over site. A full understanding of this peculiar migrant requires an assessment of the foraging conditions at its southern hemisphere wintering sites. Here, for a major wintering site in Argentinean Tierra del Fuego (Río Grande), we describe and compare food abundance, diet and intake rates during January–February in 1995, 2000 and 2008. The two main prey types were the burrowing clam Darina solenoides and three species of epibenthic mussels Mytilidae. In the year 2000, food availability and intake rate were higher than those recorded at other sites used by knots anywhere else in the world, contributing to the explanation of why red knots carry out this impressive migration. Intake rate in 2008 on the two main prey types was dramatically reduced as a result of birds eating smaller prey and strongly increased human disturbance; the same year we also found a high prevalence of a digenean parasite in Darina. We suggest that during the strongly enhanced winter mortality in 2000, knots did not yet face ecological problems in their southernmost wintering area, consistent with the previous evidence that problems at northern stop‐overs negatively affected their numbers. However, in 2008 the ecological conditions at Río Grande were such that they would have facilitated a further decline, emphasizing the importance of a hemispheric approach to research and management.
Non‐bacterial thrombotic endocarditis with systemic embolic events caused by adenomyosis
Authors: Soeda Shu , Mathuda Nozomi , Hashimoto Yuko , Yamada Hidekazu , Fujimori Keiya 
Published: August 2011

AbstractNon‐bacterial thrombotic endocarditis is caused by a hypercoagulable state that is sometimes related to malignancy and this type of endocarditis associated with benign tumors has not yet been reported. In this study we report the first case of non‐bacterial thrombotic endocarditis caused by adenomyosis, which is a benign gynecological condition.
The use of the DNA barcode gene 16S mRNA for the clarification of taxonomic problems within the family Sertulariidae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa)
Authors: Moura Carlos J. , Cunha Marina R. , Porteiro Filipe M. , Rogers Alex D. 
Published: August 2011

Moura, C. J., Cunha, M. R., Porteiro, F. M. & Rogers, A. D. (2011). The use of the DNA barcode gene 16S mRNA for the clarification of taxonomic problems within the family Sertulariidae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). —Zoologica Scripta, 40, 520–537.The Sertulariidae are the most speciose family of the Hydrozoa, and their systematics are problematic. Here, 77 new 16S mtDNA sequence ‘barcodes’ of Atlantic and Mediterranean sertulariids were subject to phylogenetic analyses along with another 29 already deposited in Genbank. Amongst the 12 nominal genera and around 40 putative species analysed, several taxonomic inconsistencies and corroborations were highlighted by the genetic data. Patterns of morphological characters between the specimens analysed genetically were extremely congruent with molecular estimates. The genera Sertularia, Dynamena and Symplectoscyphus were found to be polyphyletic, and the genus Sertularella paraphyletic. The validity of Sertularella robusta at a species level was confirmed, along with the exclusion of Sertularelloides cylindritheca from the genus Sertularella. Potential cryptic species were detected within Sertularella fusiformis, Sertularella mediterranea, Sertularella ellisii, Sertularia distans, Dynamena disticha, Thuiaria articulata and Diphasia margareta. Conversely, probable cases of synonomy were revealed for the species pairs: Sertularia cupressina and Sertularia argentea, Amphisbetia minima and Amphisbetia operculata, and Thuiaria thuja and T. articulata. 16S haplotype data also revealed probable phylogeographic structure across localities of the NE Atlantic and Mediterranean. As an alternative ‘DNA barcode’, the 16S gene has the great advantage of being easily amplified and sequenced across hydrozoan taxa. Furthermore, the marked increase in deposited 16S sequences in public databases facilitates the identification of hydrozoan samples to the level of family, genus, and especially species or even populations, in a manner that is coherent with phenotypic and geographic/environmental differences.
The fall and rise of home economics education: newly available home economics archives at The Women's Library*
Authors: Murphy Gillian 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis paper highlights some of the archives held at The Women's Library relating to home economics. It concentrates on the archives of the Institute of Home Economics, its successor and predecessor. It considers strengths in the collections, in particular home economics education. Although the profession ultimately failed to secure home economics as a foundation subject in the National Curriculum in 1987, it appears that food education is more important than ever, especially when we are reminded about childhood obesity in the daily news. The paper concludes that formal home economics teaching did fulfil the vitally important function of teaching young people how to feed themselves properly, and that food does provide an important part of children's education.
Long‐term virological follow up of patients with occult hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Castillo Inmaculada , Bartolomé Javier , Quiroga Juan A. , Barril Guillermina , Carreño Vicente 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackgroundPatients with occult hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (HCV‐RNA in liver without detectable anti‐HCV and serum HCV‐RNA) may have viral RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and in serum after ultracentrifugation, and may present HCV‐specific T‐cell responses, but it is unknown whether these markers persist to be detectable over time.AimTo perform a prospective virological long‐term follow up of patients with occult HCV.MethodsViral markers were tested every 3–4 months during 55.7 ± 20.3 months in 37 patients with occult HCV who were under ursodeoxycholic acid treatment.ResultsViral RNA was detectable in PBMCs of 31 patients during the follow up. In 23 of them, viral RNA in PBMCs was detected intermittently and in the other eight patients HCV‐RNA was positive in a single sample. After ultracentrifugation, serum HCV‐RNA was detected in 33 patients, being the viraemia intermittently detectable in 28, whereas in the remaining five patients, serum HCV‐RNA was positive only once. Only one patient tested always HCV‐RNA negative in PBMCs and in ultracentrifuged serum during follow up. Specific Core, NS3, and/or NS4 T‐cell responses were found in 31 of the patients. The patient who was always HCV‐RNA negative in PBMCs and in ultracentrifuged serum had specific HCV‐T‐cell responses.ConclusionsOccult HCV infection persists over time with fluctuating viraemia levels that induce and maintain specific T‐cell responses against viral proteins.
Evidence for an exercise induced increase of TNF‐α and IL‐6 in marathon runners
Authors: Bernecker C. , Scherr J. , Schinner S. , Braun S. , Scherbaum W. A. , Halle M. 
Published: August 2011

Regular physical activity of moderate intensity improves cardiovascular risk factors including low‐grade inflammation. However, acute vigorous exercise such as marathon running results in marked increases of circulating pro‐inflammatory markers. Up to now, the origin of this pro‐inflammatory boost is still debated equivocally. We analyzed the change of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), and leptin from pre‐ to immediately post‐race in 15 male runners (age 43 ± 10.9 years and body mass index 24.5 ± 2.7 kg/m2) both on the protein level in the plasma and on the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) level in blood mononuclear cells (BMNC).We observed a significant increase of IL‐6 (prerace 2.08 ± 0.10 ng/L and postrace 40.14 ± 24.85 ng/L, P < 0.001) and TNF‐α (prerace 8.14 ± 1.38 ng/L and postrace 12.40 ± 3.15 ng/L, P < 0.001) and a decrease of leptin (prerace 1.64 ± 2.64 μg/L and postrace 0.80 ± 1.70 μg/L, P = 0.04) serum levels after the marathon race. Furthermore, TNF‐α, IL‐6, and leptin were expressed (mRNA level) in BMNC. However no significant differences in mRNA levels were seen before and after the run in these cells. We found an up‐regulation of TNF‐α and IL‐6 in the plasma during vigorous exercise. This increase is not attributable to BMNC. We assume a local production in, or release from, exercised tissues.
Clinical and microbiological efficacy of an antimicrobial mouth rinse containing 0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride in patients with gingivitis
Authors: Rioboo M , García V , Serrano J , O’Connor A , Herrera D , Sanz M 
Published: August 2011

To cite this article:

Int J Dent Hygiene 10, 2012; 98–106  DOI: 10.1111/j.1601‐5037.2011.00523.xRioboo M, García V, Serrano J, O’Connor A, Herrera D, Sanz M. Clinical and microbiological efficacy of an antimicrobial mouth rinse containing 0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride in patients with gingivitis.Abstract:  Objectives:  the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the use of a mouth rinse and dentifrice with cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) in patients with gingivitis.Methods:  the study was designed as a 1‐month, double‐blind, parallel, randomized clinical trial comparing a negative control regimen (minus active ingredients dentifrice and mouth rinse) with the test products (dentifrice and mouth rinse with 0.05% CPC) in terms of plaque and gingival indexes (PI, GI), patient‐based and microbiological outcome variables. The comparisons in relation to the main outcome variables (PI and GI) were made by means of the t‐test, either unpaired or paired for the intergroup and intragroup comparisons, respectively.Results:  no differences were detected at baseline. Both groups showed statistically significant decreases in GI (0.17–0.19), without intergroup differences. The PI demonstrated a significant decrease of −0.12 in the test group and minor changes in the negative control group (increase of +0.01). Differences between groups showed a tendency towards statistical significance. A limited impact was observed for microbiological variables in both groups.Conclusion:  the results of this study show limited benefits of the evaluated formulations as adjuncts to unsupervised oral hygiene in reducing plaque accumulation, and no effect on gingivitis.
Obstructive sleep apnoea and schizophrenia: a primer for psychiatrists
Authors: Alam Abdulkader , Chengappa Kadiamada Nanaiah Roy 
Published: August 2011

Alam A, Chengappa KNR. Obstructive sleep apnoea and schizophrenia: a primer for psychiatristsObjective:The main objective of this review is to improve psychiatric clinician awareness of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and its potential consequences in patients with schizophrenia. This article will also discuss the diagnosis and treatment options for OSA while considering the significant role psychiatrists can play in facilitating the diagnosis and treatment of OSA.Data sources:Ovid, Medline and PsychInfo databases were searched for articles between 1960 and 2010. Search terms used wereSleep apnoeaorapnoeaandschizophreniaorpsychosis. The number of articles retrieved was 38. Articles were carefully reviewed for any data pertinent to OSA in patients with schizophrenia.Conclusions:OSA is a common disorder that is frequently unrecognised. As a chronic breathing condition, OSA is associated with adverse health outcomes and high mortality. OSA may co-occur with schizophrenia or evolve over time, especially with weight gain. The diagnosis should be considered whenever a patient presents with risk factors or clinical manifestations that are highly suggestive of OSA. Those who report snoring, daytime sleepiness and are obese or have a large neck circumference should be considered for an OSA diagnosis. Appropriate diagnosis and treatment of OSA can reduce daytime sleepiness, improve cardiovascular and other medical conditions, as well as reduce mortality. Psychiatrists can play very important role in suspecting OSA in their patients and making the initial referral. Furthermore, behavioural management, especially promoting weight loss and smoking cessation, are effective components of OSA treatment that psychiatrists are positioned to facilitate with their patients.
Dynamics of Cryptococcus neoformans-Macrophage Interactions Reveal that Fungal Background Influences Outcome during Cryptococcal Meningoencephalitis in Humans
Authors: Alanio Alexandre , Desnos-Ollivier Marie , Dromer Françoise 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACT

Cryptococcosis is a multifaceted fungal infection with variable clinical presentation and outcome. As in many infectious diseases, this variability is commonly assigned to host factors. To investigate whether the diversity of
Cryptococcus neoformans
clinical (ClinCn) isolates influences the interaction with host cells and the clinical outcome, we developed and validated new quantitative assays using flow cytometry and J774 macrophages. The phenotype of ClinCn-macrophage interactions was determined for 54 ClinCn isolates recovered from cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) from 54 unrelated patients, based on phagocytic index (PI) and 2-h and 48-h intracellular proliferation indexes (IPH2 and IPH48, respectively). Their phenotypes were highly variable. Isolates harboring low PI/low IPH2 and high PI/high IPH2 values were associated with nonsterilization of CSF at week 2 and death at month 3, respectively. A subset of 9 ClinCn isolates with different phenotypes exhibited variable virulence in mice and displayed intramacrophagic expression levels of the
LAC1
,
APP1
,
VAD1
,
IPC1
,
PLB1
, and
COX1
genes that were highly variable among the isolates and correlated with IPH48. Variation in the expression of virulence factors is thus shown here to depend on not only experimental conditions but also fungal background. These results suggest that, in addition to host factors, the patient’s outcome can be related to fungal determinants. Deciphering the molecular events involved in
C. neoformans
fate inside host cells is crucial for our understanding of cryptococcosis pathogenesis.

IMPORTANCE
Cryptococcus neoformans
is a life-threatening human fungal pathogen that is responsible for an estimated 1 million cases of meningitis/year, predominantly in HIV-infected patients. The diversity of infecting isolates is well established, as is the importance of the host factors. Interaction with macrophages is a major step in cryptococcosis pathogenesis. How the diversity of clinical isolates influences macrophages’ interactions and impacts cryptococcosis outcome in humans remains to be elucidated. Using new assays, we uncovered how yeast-macrophage interactions were highly variable among clinical isolates and found an association between specific behaviors and cryptococcosis outcome. In addition, gene expression of some virulence factors and intracellular proliferation were correlated. While many studies have established that virulence factors can be differentially expressed as a function of experimental conditions, our study demonstrates that, under the same experimental conditions, clinical isolates behaved differently, a diversity that could participate in the variable outcome of infection in humans.
Changes over time in the bacterial communities associated with fluid and food particles and the ruminal parameters in the bovine rumen before and after a dietary change
Authors: Michelland R.J. , Monteils V. , Combes S. , Cauquil L. , Gidenne T. , Fortun-Lamothe L. 
Published: August 2011

This work aimed to study the changes over time in the bacterial communities associated with the fluid and food particle fractions of the cow rumen following a change in diet. Four cannulated cows were fed a hay-based diet for 21 days and were then switched to a corn-silage-based diet for 33 days. The bacterial communities were regularly characterized by capillary electrophoresis – single-strand conformation polymorphism (CE–SSCP) and qPCR, and the main ruminal parameters were determined. The dietary change led to slight reductions in the diversity index, bacterial concentration, pH, and NH3-N concentration, and to an increase in the redox potential and volatile fatty acid concentrations. CE–SSCP profiles were not significantly affected by the dietary change but did change over time, with frequent fluctuations in both fluid and food particle fractions before and after the dietary change. The food particle fraction had a higher diversity index of bacterial community (+1.2 points, P < 0.001) and slightly more total bacteria than the fluid fraction of the rumen.