bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Right Ventricular Injury in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Grothoff Matthias , Elpert Christian , Hoffmann Janine , Zachrau Johannes , Lehmkuhl Lukas , de Waha Suzanne , Desch Steffen , Eitel Ingo , Mende Meinhard , Thiele Holger , Gutberlet Matthias 
Published: November 2011

Background—
Patients with right ventricular injury (RVI) complicating ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) have impaired prognosis, but it is unclear which patients are at risk of developing RVI. Cardiac magnetic resonance can identify these patients and might add important information on risk stratification, prognosis, and treatment. Aims were to determine the predictors and the prognostic significance of RVI assessed by wall motion abnormalities, edema, myocardial salvage index, and delayed enhancement in acute reperfused STEMI.

Methods and Results—

We studied 450 patients 1–4 days after primary angioplasty in STEMI. T2-weighted and delayed-enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance was used for visualizing edema and scar to calculate myocardial salvage index. Cine-imaging was performed to assess wall motion abnormalities, which, in combination with edema, were considered diagnostic for RVI. Patients with RVI were compared with matched patients with isolated left ventricular infarction. The primary end point was the occurrence of a major adverse cardiac event: a composite of death, reinfarction, and congestive heart failure after a median follow-up period of 20.9 months. RVI was present in 69 patients, and 41 of 69 showed myocardial necrosis. In a multivariable stepwise forward logistic regression analysis, a high RV myocardial mass (odds ratio, 2.06; 95% confidence interval, 1.18–3.58;
P
=0.012) and a low Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction flow before angioplasty (odds ratio, 0.50; 95% confidence interval, 0.32–0.76;
P
=0.011) were associated with RVI. Cox regression analysis revealed RVI as the most statistically significant predictor of time to major adverse cardiac events (hazard-ratio, 3.36; 95% confidence interval, 1.99–5.66;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—
RVI detected by cardiac magnetic resonance is a strong and independent predictor of clinical outcome after acute reperfused STEMI.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01359306.
Femoral Tunnel Widening After Hamstring Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With Bioabsorbable Transfix
Authors: Choi Nam-Hong , Son Kyung-Mo , Yoo Soon-Young , Victoroff Brian N. 
Published: November 2011

Background: Previous reports have shown that bio-Transfix implants (Arthrex, Naples, Florida) have the possibility of fracture during the early postoperative period. However, to date, there exists no study reporting the radiological and clinical significance of broken bio-Transfix implants. Hypothesis: A broken bio-Transfix results in adverse effects, both radiologically and clinically. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Hamstring anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions using bio-Transfix in 50 patients with a minimum of 2 years’ postoperative follow-up were reviewed. On the anteroposterior (AP) and lateral radiographs, the diameter of the femoral tunnel was measured at the widest diameter and compared with the diameter of the reamer used at surgery. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were obtained 6 months postoperatively for all patients to evaluate the condition of bio-Transfix implants. The patients were divided into intact and broken bio-Transfix groups. Postoperative stability evaluations were performed using the Lachman and pivot-shift tests and instrumented laxity testing using the KT-1000 arthrometer. Functional evaluations were performed using the Lysholm score and Tegner activity scale. Results: Follow-up MRI scans revealed that the bio-Transfix was broken in 11 and intact in 39 patients. Five implants were broken within the femoral tunnel and 6 were broken outside the femoral tunnel. Two bio-Transfix in the intact group were bent. On the AP and lateral radiographs at 24 months postoperatively, the average diameter of the femoral tunnel in the intact group increased by 13.1% and 17.1%, respectively. In the broken group at 24 months postoperatively, the average diameter of the femoral tunnel increased by 33.6% and 26.5%, respectively. There were significant differences between the 2 groups in the average diameters of the femoral tunnel on the AP radiographs at 24 months postoperatively ( P = .000). However, on the lateral radiographs, there were no significant differences between the 2 groups. Postoperative knee stability tests and functional evaluations showed no significant differences between the 2 groups. Conclusion: Broken bio-Transfix implants resulted in significant femoral tunnel widening in the coronal plane, although clinical results were not affected. Surgeons should be aware of this phenomenon when selecting a fixation device for hamstring grafts.
Experimental and numerical investigations on an airfoil with triangular- and star-shaped damage
Authors: Etemadi F , Yahyavi B , Mani M 
Published: November 2011

In this article, the aerodynamic performance of a full-span NACA 641-412 airfoil with inverse triangle, right triangle, and star shaped damage is experimentally investigated using balance measurements and flow visualization. Airfoil models with 100 mm chord sizes are used. Moreover, three shapes of damage, including right triangle, inverse triangle and star, with 100 mm chord size, are numerically investigated. Results show good qualitative and quantitative agreement, which is mostly due to the application of a full structured grid in the model. It is for the first time that good prediction of aerodynamic results is reported in such complex configurations; this fact is because of using multi-block structured mesh. Distribution of the pressure coefficient due to the damage shapes is also investigated in this article.
Anticipated stigma and quality of life among people living with chronic illnesses
Authors: Earnshaw Valerie A , Quinn Diane M , Park Crystal L 
Published: November 2011

Objectives: We examined the process by which anticipated stigma relates to quality of life among people living with chronic illnesses. We hypothesized that stress, social support and patient satisfaction mediate the relationships between three sources of anticipated stigma and quality of life. Methods: Data were collected from adults living with chronic illnesses recruited from support groups and online communities, and were analysed with path analysis. Results: Results demonstrated that stress mediated the relationships between anticipated stigma from friends and family, and work colleagues with quality of life; social support mediated the relationships between anticipated stigma from friends and family, and work colleagues with quality of life; and patient satisfaction mediated the relationship between anticipated stigma from healthcare providers with quality of life. The final path model fit the data well ( χ2 (8) = 8.66, p = 0.37; RMSEA = 0.02; CFI = 0.99; SRMR = 0.03), and accounted for 60% of the variance in participants’ quality of life. Discussion: This work highlights potential points of intervention to improve quality of life. It calls attention to the importance of differentiating between sources of anticipated stigma in clinical settings, interventions and research involving people living with chronic illnesses.
Dual mTORC1/mTORC2 inhibition diminishes Akt activation and induces Puma-dependent apoptosis in lymphoid malignancies
Authors: Gupta Mamta , Hendrickson Andrea E. Wahner , Yun Seong Seok , Han Jing Jing , Schneider Paula A. , Koh Brian D. , Stenson Mary J. , Wellik Linda E. , Shing Jennifer C. , Peterson Kevin L. , Flatten Karen S. , Hess Allan D. , Smith B. Douglas , Karp Judith E. , Barr Sharon , Witzig Thomas E. , Kaufmann Scott H. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) plays crucial roles in proliferative and antiapoptotic signaling in lymphoid malignancies. Rapamycin analogs, which are allosteric mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) inhibitors, are active in mantle cell lymphoma and other lymphoid neoplasms, but responses are usually partial and short-lived. In the present study we compared the effects of rapamycin with the dual mTORC1/mTORC2 inhibitor OSI-027 in cell lines and clinical samples representing divers lymphoid malignancies. In contrast to rapamycin, OSI-027 markedly diminished proliferation and induced apoptosis in a variety of lymphoid cell lines and clinical samples, including specimens of B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), mantle cell lymphoma, marginal zone lymphoma and Sezary syndrome. Additional analysis demonstrated that OSI-027–induced apoptosis depended on transcriptional activation of the PUMA and BIM genes. Overexpression of Bcl-2, which neutralizes Puma and Bim, or loss of procaspase 9 diminished OSI-027–induced apoptosis in vitro. Moreover, OSI-027 inhibited phosphorylation of mTORC1 and mTORC2 substrates, up-regulated Puma, and induced regressions in Jeko xenografts. Collectively, these results not only identify a pathway that is critical for the cytotoxicity of dual mTORC1/mTORC2 inhibitors, but also suggest that simultaneously targeting mTORC1 and mTORC2 might be an effective anti-lymphoma strategy in vivo.
Efficient α, β-motif finder for identification of phenotype-related functional modules
Authors: Schmidt Matthew C , Rocha Andrea M , Padmanabhan Kanchana , Chen Zhengzhang , Scott Kathleen , Mihelcic James R , Samatova Nagiza F 
Published: November 2011

Abstract

Background
Microbial communities in their natural environments exhibit phenotypes that can directly cause particular diseases, convert biomass or wastewater to energy, or degrade various environmental contaminants. Understanding how these communities realize specific phenotypic traits (e.g., carbon fixation, hydrogen production) is critical for addressing health, bioremediation, or bioenergy problems.

Results
In this paper, we describe a graph-theoretical method for in silico prediction of the cellular subsystems that are related to the expression of a target phenotype. The proposed (α, β)-motif finder approach allows for identification of these phenotype-related subsystems that, in addition to metabolic subsystems, could include their regulators, sensors, transporters, and even uncharacterized proteins. By comparing dozens of genome-scale networks of functionally associated proteins, our method efficiently identifies those statistically significant functional modules that are in at least α networks of phenotype-expressing organisms but appear in no more than β networks of organisms that do not exhibit the target phenotype. It has been shown via various experiments that the enumerated modules are indeed related to phenotype-expression when tested with different target phenotypes like hydrogen production, motility, aerobic respiration, and acid-tolerance.

Conclusion
Thus, we have proposed a methodology that can identify potential statistically significant phenotype-related functional modules. The functional module is modeled as an (α, β)-clique, where α and β are two criteria introduced in this work. We also propose a novel network model, called the two-typed, divided network. The new network model and the criteria make the problem tractable even while very large networks are being compared. The code can be downloaded from http://www.freescience.org/cs/ABClique/
A web-based normative calculator for the uniform data set (UDS) neuropsychological test battery
Authors: Shirk Steven D , Mitchell Meghan B , Shaughnessy Lynn W , Sherman Janet C , Locascio Joseph J , Weintraub Sandra , Atri Alireza 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Introduction
With the recent publication of new criteria for the diagnosis of preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD), there is a need for neuropsychological tools that take premorbid functioning into account in order to detect subtle cognitive decline. Using demographic adjustments is one method for increasing the sensitivity of commonly used measures. We sought to provide a useful online z-score calculator that yields estimates of percentile ranges and adjusts individual performance based on sex, age and/or education for each of the neuropsychological tests of the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set (NACC, UDS). In addition, we aimed to provide an easily accessible method of creating norms for other clinical researchers for their own, unique data sets.

Methods
Data from 3,268 clinically cognitively-normal older UDS subjects from a cohort reported by Weintraub and colleagues (2009) were included. For all neuropsychological tests, z-scores were estimated by subtracting the raw score from the predicted mean and then dividing this difference score by the root mean squared error term (RMSE) for a given linear regression model.

Results
For each neuropsychological test, an estimated z-score was calculated for any raw score based on five different models that adjust for the demographic predictors of SEX, AGE and EDUCATION, either concurrently, individually or without covariates. The interactive online calculator allows the entry of a raw score and provides five corresponding estimated z-scores based on predictions from each corresponding linear regression model. The calculator produces percentile ranks and graphical output.

Conclusions
An interactive, regression-based, normative score online calculator was created to serve as an additional resource for UDS clinical researchers, especially in guiding interpretation of individual performances that appear to fall in borderline realms and may be of particular utility for operationalizing subtle cognitive impairment present according to the newly proposed criteria for Stage 3 preclinical Alzheimer's disease.
Nanostructured electrocatalysts immobilised on electrode surfaces and organic film templates
Authors: Mirkhalaf Fakhradin , Graves John 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe development of new electrocatalysts with the aim of enhancing the rate of electrochemical reactions has been a long-term goal of electrochemists. In part, this is due to the great importance of electrocatalysts in energy generation and environmental concerns. In this review, various methods of the preparation of nanostructured electrocatalysts and their applications after attachment to the electrode surface are described. Diazonium chemistry has been extensively used for the preparation and attachment of nanostructured electrocatalysts and this review thus describes the recent developments and applications of this chemistry in electrocatalysis. The preparation of nanostructured electrocatalysts including grafted molecular films and metal nanoparticles physically adsorbed on electrode surfaces and those attached to the surface by molecular links using diazonium chemistry is reviewed. Two methods for the attachment of nanoparticles by simple physical adsorption and by electrochemical deposition on molecular films are described and the electrochemical response of nanostructured electrocatalysts for some of the most common electrochemical reactions is discussed.
Microbial influenced corrosion by thermophilic bacteria
Authors: Lata Suman , Sharma Chhaya , Singh Ajay 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The present study was undertaken to investigate microbial influenced corrosion (MIC) on stainless steels due to thermophilic bacteria Desulfotomaculum nigrificans. The objective of the study was to measure the extent of corrosion and correlate it with the growth of the biofilm by monitoring the composition of its extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The toxic effect of heavy metals on MIC was also observed. For this purpose, stainless steels 304L, 316L and 2205 were subjected to electrochemical polarization and immersion tests in the modified Baar’s media, control and inoculated, in anaerobic conditions at room temperature. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used to identify the chemicals present in/outside the pit. The results show maximum corrosive conditions when bacterial activity is highest, which in turn minimizes the amount of carbohydrate and protein along with the increase in the fraction of uronic acid in carbohydrate in EPS of the biofilm. However, although bacterial activity and corrosion rate decreases, the amount of biofilm components continue to increase. It is also observed that the toxicity of metals ions affect the bacterial activity and EPS production. It was observed that Desulfotomaculum sp. has the ability to biodegrade its own EPS.
Morphogenesis, volume and number of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) glandular trichomes, and their influence on alpha-acid accumulation in fresh bracts of hop cones
Authors: Srečec Siniša , Zechner-Krpan Vesna , Marag Sanja , Špoljarić Igor , Kvaternjak Ivka , Mršić Gordan 
Published: November 2011

Morphogenesis, volume and number of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) glandular trichomes, and their influence on alpha-acid accumulation in fresh bracts of hop cones
The ESEM investigations revealed the morphogenesis of peltate glandular trichomes, which was divided into five phases. In phase one, new peltate glandular trichomes were initiated; in phase two, they were differentiated; in phase three trichomes grew vigorously; in phase four they were determined; in the fifth and final phase they came to maturity. Volume of glandular trichome during the different phases of morphogenesis varied from 0.25 × 10-2 mm3 in phase 1, to 1.95 × 10-2 mm3 in phase 5. More glandular trichomes are placed on the base of the adaxial side of bracts (average 7 mm-2) than on the base of abaxial side (average 5.8 mm-2). In this research, positive Spearman's rank order correlations were found between the average number of glandular trichomes and content of α-acids as well as between the average volume of glandular trichomes and content of α-acids.
Early Onset Eating Disorders in Male Adolescents: A Series of 10 Inpatients
Authors: Bayes Adam , Madden Sloane 
Published: November 2011

Objective: This case series aims to describe the demographic and clinical features of male inpatients with early onset eating disorders. Method: Retrospective review was made of medical files of male patients treated for eating disorders at two children's hospitals over a 2 year period, with an onset of eating disorder before age 14 years, presenting for index admission. Demographic characteristics, DSM-IV diagnosis, clinical characteristics and treatment received were reviewed. Results: Ten male patients with a median age of 12.8 years (range 10.2 to 13.5) were identified; three met the full criteria for anorexia nervosa (AN) and four met all except the weight criterion. There was high psychiatric comorbidity: four with a major depressive episode, seven an anxiety disorder, three with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms. Seven engaged in over-exercise. Seven were treated with an antidepressant, and five with an atypical antipsychotic; six required nasogastric tube (NGT) feeding. Conclusion: A minority of patients met full diagnostic criteria for AN, with many not meeting weight criteria despite medical instability. The main clinical features were food restriction, over-exercise and psychiatric comorbidity. Treatment with antidepressants, antipsychotics and NGT feeding was frequent. Future prospective studies could help identify gender-specific features as well as benefits and potential side effects of pharmacotherapy in this age group.
Consumer Participation in Service Evaluation and Quality Improvement: Key Ingredients for a System to Deliver National Indicators
Authors: Oakley Karen , Malins Gillian , Riste Louisa , Allan John 
Published: November 2011

Objectives: The aim of this paper is to describe the fundamental components of a system to ensure consumer participation in mental health service evaluation and quality improvement. Conclusions: The seven fundamental components identified provide the basis for a system to deliver national indicators for consumer participation in quality improvement under the National Health Performance domain of “responsiveness to consumers”. The MH-CoPES Framework satisfies these criteria and may be drawn upon as the basis for developing local systems for consumer participation in quality improvement within mental health services.
Hospital Admissions for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in NSW, 1997 to 2010
Authors: Brakoulias Vlasios , Sara Grant 
Published: November 2011

Objectives: To assess the characteristics of admissions to NSW hospitals with a diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Method: Assessment of administrative data from all NSW hospital admissions from 1997 to 2010. Results: The average admission rate for a primary diagnosis of OCD was 1.5 per 100 000 population. This rate increased over the period assessed. OCD was much more common as a secondary diagnosis (6.1 per 100 000 population), often occurring with affective disorders in adults and other anxiety disorders in children. Adults admitted with OCD had an average length of stay of 24 days. Conclusions: Although hospital admissions of patients with OCD are uncommon, the high rates of comorbidity and increasing rates of admission alert us to the significance of screening patients for OCD and being able to offer outpatient treatment.
Convergent evolution of a complex fruit structure in the tribe Brassiceae (Brassicaceae)
Authors: Hall Jocelyn C. , Tisdale Tracy E. , Donohue Kathleen , Wheeler Andrew , Al‐Yahya Mohammed A. , Kramer Elena M. 
Published: November 2011

• Premise of study: Many angiosperms have fruit morphologies that result in seeds from the same plant having different dispersal capabilities. A prime example is found in the Brassiceae (Brassicaceae), which has many members with segmented or heteroarthrocarpic fruits. Since only 40% of the genera are heteroarthrocarpic, this tribe provides an opportunity to study the evolution of an ecologically significant novelty and its variants.• Methods: We analyzed nuclear (PHYA) and plastid (matK) sequences from 66 accessions using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference approaches. The evolution of heteroarthrocarpy and its variants was evaluated using maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood ancestral state reconstructions.• Key results: Although nuclear and plastid phylogenies are incongruent with each other, the following findings are consistent: (1) Cakile, Crambe, Vella, and Zilla lineages are monophyletic; (2) the Nigra lineage is not monophyletic; and (3) within the Cakile clade, Cakile, Didesmus, and Erucaria are paraphyletic. Despite differences in the matK and PHYA topologies at both deep and shallow nodes, similar patterns of morphological evolution emerge. Heteroarthrocarpy, a complex morphological trait, has evolved multiple times across the tribe. Moreover, there are convergent transitions in dehiscence capabilities and fruit disarticulation across the tribe.• Conclusions: We present the first explicit analysis of fruit evolution within the Brassiceae, which exemplifies evolutionary lability. The repeated loss and gain of segment dehiscence and disarticulation suggests conservation in the genetic pathway controlling abscission with differential expression across taxa. This study provides a strong foundation for future studies of mechanisms underlying variation in dispersal capabilities of Brassiceae.