bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The potential of synthetic thiourea compound to reduce the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of paraquat in Hordeum vulgare and cultured human lymphocytes
Authors: Gateva Svetla , Jovtchev Gabriele , Stergios Mila , Yonova Petranka 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis work evaluated the ability of one synthetic compound 1‐(4‐fluorophenylthiocarbamoyl)‐4‐methyl‐piperazine (FTMP), thiourea derivative to reduce cytoxic and genotoxic effects of free radical inducer paraquat (PQ) in two different test systems Hordeum vulgare and human lymphocytes in vitro. The mitotic index was used as a marker for cytotoxicity. To indicate genotoxicity, chromosome aberrations test and micronucleus induction test were used. FTMP manifested a weak genotoxic effect in both test systems. Clear evidence was obtained that conditioning treatment with FTMP (10−6, 5 × 10−6, and 10−5 mol/l) could decrease chromosome aberrations and micronuclei induced by PQ in both test systems. “Aberration hot spots” in heterochromatin containing segments were reduced. The present data show that the thiourea synthetic compound FTMP provides genome protection against the harmful action of oxidative stress inductor PQ. Human lymphocytes were found to be more sensitive to the cytotoxic and clastogenic effects of FTMP conditioning treatment than Hordeum vulgare. Revealing the protective action of newly synthesized compounds could contribute to the improvement of our present knowledge of the mechanisms of mutagenesis and antimutagenesis. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2012.
Fundamental limits and improved algorithms for linear least‐squares wireless position estimation
Authors: Guvenc Ismail , Gezici Sinan , Sahinoglu Zafer 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTIn this paper, theoretical lower bounds on performance of linear least‐squares (LLS) position estimators are obtained, and performance differences between LLS and nonlinear least‐squares (NLS) position estimators are quantified. In addition, two techniques are proposed in order to improve the performance of the LLS approach. First, a reference selection algorithm is proposed to optimally select the measurement that is used for linearizing the other measurements in an LLS estimator. Then, a maximum likelihood approach is proposed, which takes correlations between different measurements into account in order to reduce average position estimation errors. Simulations are performed to evaluate the theoretical limits and to compare performance of various LLS estimators. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Providing and findingk‐road‐coverage efficiently in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Mao Xufei , Xu Xiaohua , Tang ShaoJie , Li Xiang‐Yang 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we studyk‐road‐coverage problems in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Assume there is a 2‐dimensional area Ω with a given road map = (V,E) whereEcontains all road segments andVconsists of all intersection points on Ω. The first question we study is about ‘sensor deployment’,i.e., how to deploy a minimum number of sensor nodes on Ω such that each path (each road segment) onisk‐covered when all sensor nodes have the same sensing range. When sensors can only be deployed in a set of discrete locations, we propose an efficient method with the approximation ratio 6 + ϵ for the special case wherek = 1 and O(k) generally. If sensors can be deployed in arbitrary locations, we propose an efficient method with the approximation ratio 24 + ϵ whenk = 1 and O(k) generally. The second question we study is about ‘path query’,i.e., how to find thek‐covered path ork‐support path connecting any given source/destination pair of points on the road map. Basically, given any source/destination pair of pointsSandD, we present two algorithms which can efficiently find ak‐covered path connectingSandDand ak‐supported path connectingSandD, respectively. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Children's episodic memory
Authors: Ghetti Simona , Lee Joshua 
Published: September 2010

AbstractEpisodic memory develops during childhood and adolescence. This trajectory depends on several underlying processes. In this article, we first discuss the development of the basic binding processes (e.g., the processes by which elements are bound together to form a memory episode) and control processes (e.g., reasoning and metamemory processes) involved in episodic remembering. Then, we discuss the role of these processes in false‐memory formation. In the subsequent sections, we examine the neural substrates of the development of episodic memory. Finally, we discuss atypical development of episodic memory. As we proceed through the article, we suggest potential avenues for future research. WIREs Cogni Sci 2011 2 365–373 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.114This article is categorized under:

Psychology > Development and Aging
The nucleolus: structure/function relationship in RNA metabolism
Authors: Hernandez‐Verdun Danièle , Roussel Pascal , Thiry Marc , Sirri Valentina , Lafontaine Denis L. J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe nucleolus is the ribosome factory of the cells. This is the nuclear domain where ribosomal RNAs are synthesized, processed, and assembled with ribosomal proteins. Here we describe the classical tripartite organization of the nucleolus in mammals, reflecting ribosomal gene transcription and pre‐ribosomal RNA (pre‐rRNA) processing efficiency: fibrillar center, dense fibrillar component, and granular component. We review the nucleolar organization across evolution from the bipartite organization in yeast to the tripartite organization in humans. We discuss the basic principles of nucleolar assembly and nucleolar structure/function relationship in RNA metabolism. The control of nucleolar assembly is presented as well as the role of pre‐existing machineries and pre‐rRNAs inherited from the previous cell cycle. In addition, nucleoli carry many essential extra ribosomal functions and are closely linked to cellular homeostasis and human health. The last part of this review presents recent advances in nucleolar dysfunctions in human pathology such as cancer and virus infections that modify the nucleolar organization. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This article is categorized under:

RNA Structure and Dynamics > RNA Structure, Dynamics, and Chemistry
Translation > Ribosome Biogenesis
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
Protein–protein interaction networks and subnetworks in the biology of disease
Authors: Nibbe Rod K. , Chowdhury Salim A. , Koyutürk Mehmet , Ewing Rob , Chance Mark R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe main goal of systems medicine is to provide predictive models of the patho‐physiology of complex diseases as well as define healthy states. The reason is clear—we hope accurate models will ultimately lead to more specific and sensitive markers of disease that will help clinicians better stratify their patient populations and optimize treatment plans. In addition, we expect that these models will define novel targets for combating disease. However, for many complex diseases, particularly at the clinical level, it is becoming increasingly clear that one or a few genomic variations alone (e.g., simple models) cannot adequately explain the multiple phenotypes related to disease states, or the variable risks that attend disease progression. We suggest that models that account for the activities of many interacting proteins will explain a wider range of variability inherent in these phenotypes. These models, which encompass protein interaction networks dysregulated for specific diseases and specific patient sub‐populations, will be constructed by integrating protein interaction data with multiple types of other relevant cellular information. Protein interaction databases are thus playing an increasingly important role in systems biology approaches to the study of disease. They present us with a static, but highly functional view of the cellular state, and thus give us a better understanding of not only the normal phenotype, but also the overall disease phenotype at the level of the whole organism when certain interactions become dysregulated. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2011 3 357–367 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.121This article is categorized under:

Biological Mechanisms > Regulatory Biology
Addressing the Challenge of Community Reentry Among Released Inmates with Serious Mental Illness
Authors: Baillargeon Jacques , Hoge Stephen K. , Penn Joseph V. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe purpose of the paper is to discuss the formidable challenges to community reentry and reintegration faced by U.S. prison inmates with serious mental illness and to describe various strategies for improving transitional services for these individuals. We review epidemiologic data supporting the high prevalence of severe mental illness in U.S. prisons as well as the historical factors underlying the criminalization of the mentally ill. The importance and challenges of providing adequate psychiatric care for mentally ill prisoners during their incarceration are discussed. We also review the numerous psychosocial and economic challenges confronting these individuals upon their release from prison, such as unemployment and vulnerability to homelessness, as well as specific barriers they may encounter in attempting to access community‐based mental health services. We follow with a discussion of some of the more promising strategies for improving the transition of the mentally ill from prison to the community. In the final sections, we review the evidence for a relationship between serious mental illness and recidivism and briefly discuss emerging alternatives to incarceration of the mentally ill.
Poverty Among Adults with Disabilities: Barriers to Promoting Asset Accumulation in Individual Development Accounts
Authors: Soffer Michal , McDonald Katherine E. , Blanck Peter 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAdults with disabilities disproportionally experience poverty. We examine one novel strategy to promote economic well‐being among adults with disabilities living in or near poverty, namely Individual Development Accounts (IDAs). IDAs are designed to help individuals save money and subsequently accumulate assets. Although adults with disabilities account for the majority of IDA participants, scant attention has been paid to their IDA saving performance. We describe the significance of accumulating assets, particularly as it relates to adults with disabilities. We then map the nature of IDA programs and analyze barriers to participation in IDAs and asset accumulation related to conflicting federal policies and a lack of sensitivity to disability‐specific needs. We conclude by offering policy recommendations from our analysis, including the need to eliminate the means‐tests used in welfare policies, de‐linking participation in IDAs from employment status, and involving people with disabilities in designing and evaluating asset accumulation policies and programs.
StoryToCode: a new model for specification of convergent interactive digital TV applications
Authors: Marques Neto Manoel C. , Santos Celso A. S. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
This paper presents a model, called the StoryToCode, which allows designing iTV programs focusing on using software components. First, StoryToCode allows transforming a storyboard into an abstract description of an element set. After this, this model transforms these elements into a specific programming language source code. In StoryToCode a software component is treated as a special element that can be reused in other contexts (web, mobile, and so on). StoryToCode is based on Model Driven Architecture (MDA) and allows designing and implementing applications, with context free, considering iTV program specific characteristics.
Adolescent summer care arrangements and risk for obesity the following school year
Authors: Mahoney Joseph L. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThis longitudinal study identified common summer care arrangements for adolescents and examined whether those arrangements predicted risk for obesity (Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 85th percentile for age and gender) the following school year. Participants were a nationally representative sample of 1766 adolescents ages 10–18 from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics–Child Development Supplement. Results showed that, beyond measures of BMI taken before the summer and several demographic aspects known to predict obesity, youth whose summer arrangements involved regular participation in organized activities (e.g., sports) showed significantly lower risk for obesity than other youth. This was most evident during early adolescence. Youth whose regular summer arrangement was predominated by parent care without organized activity participation showed the greatest risk for obesity.
The fluid regime of ore formation in the Balei gold-bearing ore-magmatic system (eastern Transbaikalia, Russia)
Authors: Spiridonov A.M. , Zorina L.D. , Letunov S.P. , Prokof’ev V.Yu. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Based on comprehensive studies of fluid inclusions in quartz formed at different stages of hydrothermal process, we consider the physicochemical conditions of formation of epithermal ores (K1) in the Balei ore field. The limiting parameters of hydrothermal process have been established: 353–131 °C, 150–30 bars, and salt concentrations of 7.6–0.5 wt.%-NaCl equiv. A specific feature of the ore-forming process at the Balei deposits is a rapid drop in temperature and pressure, which is typical of open hydrothermal systems. The temperature increase at the beginning of each stage evidences pulse-like ore formation. The productive stage coincides with the initiation of a drastic decrease in temperature (&lt;225 °C) and salt concentration in the solution. The deposits resulted from the functioning of the common Balei ore-magmatic system at shallow depths with a high permeability of the host rocks. High-K calc-alkalic magmas might have been sources of gold mineralization. The ore formation zone is localized above intrusive bodies near their roof. It is not ruled out that the Balei gold was partly borrowed from the products of the early cycles (J2-3) of gold mineralization and from the host rocks.
Estimated macronutrient and fatty acid intakes from an East African Paleolithic diet
Authors: Kuipers Remko S. , Luxwolda Martine F. , Janneke Dijck-Brouwer D. A. , Eaton S. Boyd , Crawford Michael A. , Cordain Loren , Muskiet Frits A. J. 
Published: September 2010

Our genome adapts slowly to changing conditions of existence. Many diseases of civilisation result from mismatches between our Paleolithic genome and the rapidly changing environment, including our diet. The objective of the present study was to reconstruct multiple Paleolithic diets to estimate the ranges of nutrient intakes upon which humanity evolved. A database of, predominantly East African, plant and animal foods (meat/fish) was used to model multiple Paleolithic diets, using two pathophysiological constraints (i.e. protein < 35 energy % (en%) and linoleic acid (LA) >1·0 en%), at known hunter–gatherer plant/animal food intake ratios (range 70/30–30/70 en%/en%). We investigated selective and non-selective savannah, savannah/aquatic and aquatic hunter–gatherer/scavenger foraging strategies. We found (range of medians in en%) intakes of moderate-to-high protein (25–29), moderate-to-high fat (30–39) and moderate carbohydrates (39–40). The fatty acid composition was SFA (11·4–12·0), MUFA (5·6–18·5) and PUFA (8·6–15·2). The latter was high in α-linolenic acid (ALA) (3·7–4·7 en%), low in LA (2·3–3·6 en%), and high in long-chain PUFA (LCP; 4·75–25·8 g/d), LCPn-3 (2·26–17·0 g/d), LCPn-6 (2·54–8·84 g/d), ALA/LA ratio (1·12–1·64 g/g) and LCPn-3/LCPn-6 ratio (0·84–1·92 g/g). Consistent with the wide range of employed variables, nutrient intakes showed wide ranges. We conclude that compared with Western diets, Paleolithic diets contained consistently higher protein and LCP, and lower LA. These are likely to contribute to the known beneficial effects of Paleolithic-like diets, e.g. through increased satiety/satiation. Disparities between Paleolithic, contemporary and recommended intakes might be important factors underlying the aetiology of common Western diseases. Data on Paleolithic diets and lifestyle, rather than the investigation of single nutrients, might be useful for the rational design of clinical trials.
China Eyes the Japanese Military: China's Threat Perception of Japan since the 1980s
Authors: Sasaki Tomonori 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis article represents the first attempt to examine the Chinese elite's threat perception of Japan using statistics to analyse what, if any, differences exist among the People's Liberation Army, the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Chinese economic institutes. It seeks to answer two questions that have not previously been addressed in the literature. First, has there been a change in perception of the Japanese threat in these three sectors over time? And if so, what can we deduce about the causes of this change? This study finds that there have indeed been two major shifts in China's threat perception of Japan since the 1980s, one in the late 1980s and the other in the mid-1990s. It also finds that there were no differences between sectors as to the direction and timing of these shifts. It suggests that Japan's military build-up in the late 1980s and the strengthening of the US–Japan alliance from 1996 onwards are what prompted these shifts in China's threat perception.
Globalization and Chinese Sport Policy: The Case of Elite Football in the People's Republic of China
Authors: Tan Tien-Chin , Bairner Alan 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe aim of this article is to analyse China's engagement in global sport through an examination of the case of elite football. Although many studies exhibit a quite proper concern with the extent to which the deep structure of culture is affected by sports globalization, they generally fail to give significant consideration to the role of the state, because of excessive emphasis on other aspects of globalization such as commercialization, commodification and cultural homogenization. We attempt, therefore, to refocus on the role of the state and to investigate its relationship with global sport by adopting the theoretical framework of Heldet al.(1999) as the main analytical tool for this study. By taking strategic approaches in the economic and cultural/ideological fields, the Chinese government has demonstrated, to some degree, its capacity to find effective ways to manage its relationship with global football. This was demonstrated particularly by the setting up of new governmental commercial agencies, updating sport and football regulations, and strengthening Chinese communist ideological education.
Chen Shui-bian: On Independence
Authors: Sullivan Jonathan , Lowe Will 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChen Shui-bian achieved an international reputation for his promotion of Taiwan independence. Whilst that reputation may have been well earned, the analyses on which this conclusion is based are frequently flawed in two ways. First, by using an undifferentiated notion of independence, they tend to conflate sovereignty with less threatening expressions of Taiwanese identity and pro-democracy discourse. Second, by failing to take into account the impact of immediate strategic context, analysts ignore a fundamental element of democratic political communication. In our empirical analysis of more than 2,000 of Chen's speeches, we seek to avoid both flaws by unpacking the concept of independence and taking into account Chen's strategic relationship with his primary audiences. Our findings challenge popular portrayals of Chen, but more importantly they have strong implications for policy makers and students of political rhetoric with regard to current and future ROC presidents.
China-Bound for Jobs? The Influences of Social Connections and Ethnic Politics in Taiwan
Authors: Tsai Ming-Chang , Chang Chin-fen 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTaiwan has long been recognized as a labour-absorbing society, but today approximately 3 per cent of its population is working in China, an increasingly important destination for regional immigration. In this article we go beyond conventional immigration economics to examine how social connections and ethnic politics affect Taiwanese motivations to move to China for employment. Results from a national random-sample survey conducted in 2005 are used to analyse the willingness and potentiality of Taiwanese to work in China. The findings indicate that besides human capital factors, social networks and political/ethnic identity offer insights to understanding migrations among Taiwanese, as well as why the vast majority have so little interest in going China-bound.
Promoting Hybridity: The Politics of the New Macau Identity
Authors: Lam Wai-man 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis article traces the unique process of reconstructing the identity of the Macau Special Administrative Region and its people after the political resumption to China in 1999, and the political and economic significance of the reconstruction. As in other postcolonial contexts, identity is an arena of political contest where various discourses that embody re-appropriation of political traditions and legacies criss-cross. In Macau, the post-handover identity comprises the local, the national and the international components, with Macau characterized as a historical, colonial/cultural hybrid and economic object. In fact, the Macau identity after 1999 represents a re-appropriation of the image of colonial Macau propagated by the Portuguese administration since the 1980s. Also, identity making has been a process of incorporating instead of repressing or eliminating the identities of “the other,” and building a stand-alone national identity is not the prime task in the reconstruction of an identity. Rather, multiple identity components are deliberately incorporated and promoted. The success of the process has fabricated Macau's relatively smooth reintegration with China and enhanced the legitimacy of its new government.
Essential actions for caterers to promote healthy eating out among European consumers: results from a participatory stakeholder analysis in the HECTOR project
Authors: Lachat Carl , Naska Androniki , Trichopoulou Antonia , Engeset Dagrun , Fairgrieve Alastair , Marques Helena Ávila , Kolsteren Patrick 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo identify and assess actions by which the catering sector could be engaged in strategies for healthier eating out in Europe.DesignA SWOT analysis was used to assess the participation of the catering sector in actions for healthier eating out. Caterers subsequently shortlisted essential actions to overcome threats and weaknesses the sector may face when engaging in implementing these actions.SettingAnalysis undertaken in the European Union-supported HECTOR project on ‘Eating Out: Habits, Determinants and Recommendations for Consumers and the European Catering Sector’.SubjectsThirty-eight participants from sixteen European countries reflecting a broad multi-stakeholder panel on eating out in Europe.ResultsThe catering sector possesses strengths that allow direct involvement in health promotion strategies and could well capitalise on the opportunities offered. A focus on healthy eating may necessitate business re-orientations. The sector was perceived as being relatively weak in terms of its dependency on the supply of ingredients and lack of financial means, technical capacity, know-how and human resources. To foster participation in strategies for healthier eating out, caterers noted that guidelines should be simple, food-based and tailored to local culture. The focus could be on seasonal foods, traditional options and alternative dishes rather than just on ‘healthy eating’. Small-to-medium-sized enterprises have specific concerns and needs that should be considered in the implementation of such strategies.ConclusionsThe study highlights a number of possible policy actions that could be instrumental in improving dietary intake in Europe through healthier eating out.