bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient-reported outcome at 62 to 67 years of age in 83 patients treated for congenital clubfoot
Authors: Wallander H. , Larsson S. , Bjönness T. , Hansson G. 
Published: September 2009

The outcome in 83 patients with congenital clubfoot was evaluated at a mean age of 64 years using three validated questionnaires assessing both quality of life (short-form (SF)-36 and EQ-5D) and foot and ankle function (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) Foot and Ankle questionnaire). In SF-36, male patients scored significantly better than male norms in seven of the eight domains, whereas female patients scored significantly worse than female norms in two of the eight. Male patients scored better than male norms in both the EQ-5D index (p = 0.027) and visual analogue scale (VAS) (p = 0.013), whereas female patients scored worse than female norms in the VAS (p < 0.001). Both male and female patients had a significantly worse outcome on the AAOS Core Scale than did norms. There was a significant correlation for both genders between the SF-36 Physical Component Summary Score and the AAOS Core Scale. The influence on activities of daily life was limited to foot and ankle problems in all patients, and in females there was an adverse effect in physical aspects of quality of life.
Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Older People With Intellectual Disability
Authors: de Winter Channa F. , Magilsen Karla W. , van Alfen J. Claudia , Penning Corine , Evenhuis Heleen M. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
The prevalence and correlates of cardiovascular risk factors in older adults with intellectual disability was examined. We conducted a cross-sectional study with 50- to 90-year-old clients (N  =  470) of three Dutch intellectual disability care providing organizations and found that healthy behavior was low, with 98.9% of the participants having an unhealthy diet and 68.3%, a lack of exercise. Smoking (13.6%) and alcohol abuse (0.3%) were relatively minor problems. Abdominal overweight (70.4%), diabetes (8.7%), hypertension (36.8%), and hypercholesterolemia (31.8%) were highly prevalent. These profiles have important implications in determining the risk of cardiovascular disease in people with intellectual disability. Campaigns to promote health should be focused on education and the introduction of preventive screening programs.
Caregiver Reports of Sleep Problems on a Convenience Sample of Children With Fragile X Syndrome
Authors: Kronk Rebecca , Dahl Ronald , Noll Robert 
Published: September 2009

AbstractCaregivers reported on sleep in a convenience sample of 90 children with fragile X syndrome utilizing a standardized assessment tool, the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), and a 14-day sleep diary. CSHQ data indicated that 47% of participants had sleep problems at a level that suggested referral and further evaluation. Sleep diary data indicated high rates of several sleep problems. These problems did not appear to follow a typical developmental trajectory and were not related to gender or demographic variables. Nineteen percent of the sample was currently receiving medication to improve sleep; however, there were no significant differences between those receiving medications and those not receiving medications.
Development of a Patient-Reported Outcome Measure for Children With Streptococcal Pharyngitis
Authors: Shaikh Nader , Martin Judith M. , Casey Janet R. , Pichichero Michael E. , Wald Ellen R. , Colborn D. Kathleen , Gerber Michael A. , Kearney Diana H. , Balentine Tracy L. , Haralam Mary Ann , Hoberman Alejandro 
Published: September 2009

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to develop a patient-reported outcome measure (Strep-PRO) for assessing symptoms of group A Streptococcus (GAS) pharyngitis from the child's point of view and to present preliminary data on its internal reliability, construct validity, and responsiveness.
METHODS: We selected 8 symptoms for inclusion in the Strep-PRO. We used the Strep-PRO to assess improvement in children who were aged 5 to 15 years and had confirmed GAS pharyngitis. Children completed the scale at study visits and as a diary at home. To evaluate internal reliability, we examined correlations between the items on the scale. To evaluate construct validity, we examined the correlation at entry between Strep-PRO scores and scores on other, previously validated measures of pain and functional status. To evaluate responsiveness, we examined the change in score from enrollment to follow-up. The correlation between the Strep-PRO score and parental assessment of symptoms was also evaluated.
RESULTS: A total of 131 children were enrolled; 113 returned completed diaries. The internal reliability of the scale was high. The magnitude of correlations between Strep-PRO scores and other measures of pain and functional status ranged from 0.39 to 0.63. The responsiveness of the Strep-PRO was very good. The overall level of agreement between child Strep-PRO scores and parental assessment of symptoms was 0.57.
CONCLUSIONS: The scale seems to measure effectively both pain and overall functional status in children with GAS pharyngitis. These data support the use of Strep-PRO as a measure of outcome in future clinical trials.
Effect of Saquinavir‐Ritonavir on Cytochrome P450 3A4 Activity in Healthy Volunteers Using Midazolam as a Probe
Authors: Schmitt Christophe , Hofmann Carsten , Riek Myriam , Zwanziger Elke , Patel Arpna 
Published: September 2009

Study Objective. To investigate the inhibitory potential of multiple doses of ritonavir‐boosted saquinavir on the pharmacokinetics of oral midazolam, a cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 model substrate.Design. Prospective, open‐label, one‐sequence, two‐period crossover study.Setting. Clinical pharmacology unit in the United Kingdom.Participants. Eighteen healthy adult male and female volunteers (median age 37.5 yrs).Intervention. A single oral dose of midazolam 7.5 mg was administered on day 1. A second dose was administered on day 16, after 14 days of oral saquinavir 1000 mg‐ritonavir 100 mg twice/day.Measurements and Main Results. Serial blood samples were taken for measurement of plasma concentrations of midazolam and its metabolite, 1′‐hydroxymidazolam. Pharmacokinetic parameters of midazolam and 1′‐hydroxymidazolam were determined when midazolam was given alone (day 1) and after coadministration with saquinavir‐ritonavir for 14 days (day 16). Two weeks of treatment with saquinavir‐ritonavir resulted in a 4.3‐fold increase in maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and a 12.4‐fold increase in the area under the plasma concentration‐time curve from time zero extrapolated to infinity (AUC0‐∞) for midazolam. Midazolam's half‐life increased from 4.7 to 14.9 hours. Concomitant reductions for 1′‐hydroxymidazolam were approximately 7‐fold for Cmaxand 2‐fold for AUC0‐∞. The 1′‐hydroxymidazolam AUC0‐∞:midazolam AUC0‐∞ratio was only 1% during coadministration of midazolam with saquinavir‐ritonavir compared with 33% for midazolam alone. Adverse‐event reports indicated that the combination of saquinavir, ritonavir, and midazolam was well tolerated but resulted in prolonged sedation.Conclusion. Administration of ritonavir‐boosted saquinavir markedly increased the exposure of midazolam by inhibiting its metabolism, confirming that the combination of saquinavir and ritonavir at steady state strongly inhibits CYP3A4 activity.
Textmasters: Bringing Literature Circles to Textbook Reading Across the Curriculum
Authors: Wilfong Lori G. 
Published: September 2009

A fifth‐grade science teacher and university researcher challenged the notion that textbook reading follows the same archaic formula: read the textbook and answer the questions at the end of the section. Together, they adapted literature circle roles to fit textbook structures, resulting in the strategy they call Textmasters. This article describes the strategy, along with the action research project that proves its efficacy in the content area middle school classroom.تلخيص البحث: لقد تحدى معلم صف خامس علمي وباحث جامعي المفهوم بأن قراءة كتابة الصف تتبع نفس المعادلة القديمة: إقرأ الكتاب وأجب عن الأسئلة في نهاية القسم. وكيفا المعلمان أدوار حلقات أدبية لتناسب تراكيب كتابة الصف الأمر الذي أدى إلى إستراتيجية تمت تسميتها بـ((تكست ماسترز)) أي خبراء النصوص. إذ تصف هذه المقالة الإستراتيجية علاوة على مشروع البحث المنشط الذي يثبت فعاليته في سياق مجال المحتوى في صفوف المدرسة الإعدادية.一位任教小学五年级科学科的教师与一位大学研究员，质疑课本阅读教学遵循同一陈旧公式这观念：首先阅读课本，然后回答章节末尾的问题。他们为切合课本结构所需，参照进行文学圈教学法时学生所分担的任务，一起编成了他们称之为「科学科文本阅读讨论主持人」这阅读教学策略。本文旨在描述该教学策略，并报告一项行动研究，以验证该教学策略在中学学科内容教室里所产生的效能。Un professeur de sciences de cinquième année et un chercheur à l'université ont fait le pari que la lecture des livres de textes choisis suit une même formule archaïque: lire le manuel et répondre aux questions à la fin du passage. Ensemble, ils ont adapté les rôles des cercles de lecture pour s'ajuster à la structure du manuel, d'où a résulté une stratégie qu'ils ont appelé les maîtres textes. Cet article décrit cette stratégie, ainsi qu'un projet de recherche action qui met en évidence son efficacité pour les disciplines enseignées au collège.Учитель естествознания, работающий с пятиклассниками, и ученый, работающий в университете, бросили вызов многовековому алгоритму: “прочитай учебник и ответь на вопросы по прочитанному”. Их ученики начали читать предметные тексты так, как это обычно делается в литературных кружках, и в результате возникла стратегия под названием “текст‐мастер”. B статье разъясняется сама стратегия и описано практическое исследование, подтверждающее ее эффективность для обучения различным предметам в средних классах школы.Un maestro de ciencias de quinto grado y un investigador universitario ponen en tela de juicio la idea que la lectura de textos sigue la misma fórmula arcaica: Leer el texto y contestar preguntas al final de la sección. Juntos, ellos adaptaron los roles de círculos de lectura para conformarlos a la estructura del texto, resultando en una estrategia que denominaron Textmasters. Este artículo describe la estrategia junto con el proyecto de investigación que prueba su eficacia en el área de contenido del salón de clase a nivel intermedio.
Therapeutic Efficacy of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide inEscherichia coliLipopolysaccharide‐Induced Experimental Periodontitis in Rats
Authors: Gürkan Ali , Emingil Gülnur , Nizam Nejat , Doğanavşargil Başak , Sezak Murat , Kütükçüler Necil , Atilla Gül 
Published: September 2009

Background:The aim of the present study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), an immunoregulatory molecule, in experimental periodontitis.Methods:Sixty‐three male Sprague‐Dawley rats were divided into five groups: control; lipopolysaccharide (LPS); LPS + 0.1 nmol VIP; LPS + 1 nmol VIP; and LPS + 10 nmol VIP. Saline was injected into the gingiva of control rats on days 1, 3, and 5, whereas the other groups received injections ofEscherichia coliLPS. VIP groups received intraperitoneal injections of relevant dosages on days 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10. The control and LPS groups were given saline instead of VIP in the same manner. On day 11, serum samples were obtained, and rats were sacrificed. Alveolar bone loss; serum levels of tumor necrosis factor‐alpha, interleukin (IL)‐1β, −10, and −18, soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor‐kappa B ligand (sRANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG); and the immune expression of RANKL and OPG were evaluated.Results:The application of VIP caused a dose‐dependent decline in alveolar bone loss compared to the LPS group, but the differences were not significant (P>0.05). A reduction in the histologic findings of inflammation was observed in all VIP groups. The 1‐ and 10‐nmol VIP groups showed significantly lower serum sRANKL and OPG levels compared to the LPS group (P<0.05). The number of positively stained vessels for endothelial OPG was greater in the 1‐nmol VIP group than in the LPS group (P<0.05).Conclusion:When periodontitis was induced byE. coliLPS, VIP downregulated the inflammatory response and inhibited alveolar bone loss, possibly by differentially regulating the tissue levels of RANKL and OPG.
Immunohistochemical Analysis of Inducible and Endothelial Forms of Nitric Oxide Synthase in Cyclosporin A‐Induced Gingival Overgrowth
Authors: Gürkan Ali , Emingil Gülnur , Öktem Gülperi , Selvi Nur , Afacan Beral , Tunç İlgenli  , Töz Hüseyin , Atilla Gül 
Published: September 2009

Background: The contribution of nitric oxide (NO) to immune response and matrix degradation in the periodontal environment suggests a role for NO and NO‐synthase (NOS) activity in the pathogenesis of cyclosporin A (CsA)‐induced gingival overgrowth (GO). However, current knowledge on this topic is limited to experimental animal studies. The present study was undertaken on the basis of a hypothesis whether altered nitrite/nitrate levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and endothelial NOS (eNOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS) immunoreactivity in gingiva of CsA‐treated patients contribute to the pathogenesis of CsA‐induced GO.Methods: Twenty‐four CsA‐medicated renal transplant patients with GO (GO+; n = 12) or without GO (GO−; n = 12), 10 gingivitis, and 10 healthy subjects were included in the study. GCF samples from two proximal sites facing interdental papilla were collected, and papilla was excised. iNOS and eNOS were determined by immunohistochemistry. GCF nitrite/nitrate levels were analyzed based on the Griess reaction.Results: Weak iNOS immunostaining was observed in the healthy and GO− groups. In the gingivitis and GO+ groups, iNOS immunostaining significantly increased in connective tissue. Epithelial immunostaining of iNOS was localized to basal keratinocytes and the lower layer of stratum (str.) spinosum in the gingivitis group. In the GO+ group, iNOS immunostaining was differentially localized to keratinocytes of str. superficiale but considerably decreased in the str. basale. Weak eNOS immunostaining was found in the healthy and GO− groups, whereas higher immunostaining was observed in the gingivitis and GO+ groups. No intergroup differences were observed regarding nitrite/nitrate levels in GCF.Conclusion: CsA differentially upregulated iNOS, but not eNOS, in overgrown gingiva, which may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of CsA‐induced GO.
Effect of Laser‐Induced Dentin Modifications on Periodontal Fibroblasts and Osteoblasts: A New In Vitro Model
Authors: Galli Carlo , Passeri Giovanni , Cacchioli Antonio , Gualini Giacomo , Ravanetti Francesca , Elezi Erida , Macaluso Guido M. 
Published: September 2009

Background: The erbium‐doped:yttrium, aluminum, and garnet (Er:YAG) laser has been shown to be a promising tool for root treatment in periodontitis, but little information is available regarding the surface characteristics after this treatment, mainly because it is difficult to obtain standardized dentin samples for in vitro studies.Methods: Commercially available standardized dentin disks were treated with an Er:YAG laser at different settings and used as a substrate for human primary osteoblastic cells (hOBs) and periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PLFs). Cell proliferation on untreated dentin was measured by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay after 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours of culture. The effects of the laser on dentin and cell morphology on treated and untreated samples were investigated by scanning electron microscopy after 3, 6, 24, and 48 hours of culture.Results: Dentin samples supported proliferation for both cell types, although growth kinetics were different. The laser dramatically affected the dentin profile, creating a rough and irregular surface. Cells grew easily on untreated dentin, but fewer cells were present on treated areas, often displaying long filopodes. hOBs showed poorer adhesion to treated dentin than PLFs.Conclusions: The dentin disks provide a standardized and useful tool to study dentin surface modifications in vitro. PLFs behaved differently from hOBs on dentin, possibly because of their different affinity to this tissue and/or their differentiation state. The changes induced by the laser produced a less favorable environment for cell adhesion or growth, and treated dentin seemed to be more suitable for PLF adhesion compared to hOB adhesion.
Short‐Term Effects of Photodynamic Therapy on Periodontal Status and Glycemic Control of Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Al‐Zahrani Mohammad S. , Bamshmous Shatha O. , Alhassani Ahmed A. , Al‐Sherbini Mossad M. 
Published: September 2009

Background: Periodontitis is a major cause of tooth loss among adults. Several studies have shown a possible systemic impact of periodontal infection, including poor glycemic control in patients with diabetes. Recently, photodynamic therapy (PDT) was used to successfully treat periodontal infection. PDT provides a broad spectrum antimicrobial efficacy with no local or systemic side effects. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of the adjunctive use of PDT on periodontal status and glycemic control of patients with diabetes and periodontitis.Methods: Forty‐five patients with type 2 diabetes and moderate to severe chronic periodontitis were selected and randomly assigned to one of the following three treatment modalities (15 subjects each): scaling and root planing (SRP) only, SRP plus systemic doxycycline, and SRP plus PDT. The plaque and bleeding scores, probing depth, clinical attachment level, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level were recorded at baseline and 3 months after periodontal treatment. Descriptive statistics, the paired t test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for data analysis.Results: Statistically significant differences in the mean probing depth, clinical attachment level, plaque deposit, and bleeding on probing were found between baseline and 12 weeks post‐treatment for all groups. No significant differences in periodontal parameters and glucose levels were detected among the three groups. Reduction in the mean HbA1c level after treatment was observed in all groups but was only significant for the SRP plus doxycycline group.Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that PDT does not benefit conventional non‐surgical periodontal therapy in patients with diabetes.
Independent Contribution of Diabetes to Increased Prevalence and Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Nichols Gregory A. , Reinier Kyndaron , Chugh Sumeet S. 
Published: September 2009

OBJECTIVE
Diabetes has long been recognized as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation, but its independent contribution to atrial fibrillation has not been fully evaluated. We sought to compare the prevalence and incidence of atrial fibrillation in age- and sex-matched patients with and without type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Using an observational cohort design, we selected 10,213 members of an HMO diabetes registry as of 1 January 1999 plus 7,159 patients who entered the registry by 31 December 2004 and matched them to patients without diabetes on year of birth and sex. All patients were followed until they died, left the health plan, or until 31 December 2008. We compared the baseline prevalence of atrial fibrillation and then followed patients without atrial fibrillation to compare atrial fibrillation incidence while controlling for known risk factors.

RESULTS
Atrial fibrillation prevalence was significantly greater among patients with diabetes (3.6 vs. 2.5%, P &lt; 0.0001). Over a mean follow-up of 7.2 ± 2.8 years, diabetic patients without atrial fibrillation at baseline developed atrial fibrillation at an age- and sex-adjusted rate of 9.1 per 1,000 person-years (95% CI 8.6–9.7) compared with a rate of 6.6 (6.2–7.1) among nondiabetic patients. After full adjustment for other risk factors, diabetes was associated with a 26% increased risk of atrial fibrillation among women (hazard ratio 1.26 [95% CI 1.08–1.46]), but diabetes was not a statistically significant factor among men (1.09 [0.96–1.24]).

CONCLUSIONS
In this population, diabetes was an independent determinant of atrial fibrillation prevalence but predicted incidence only among women. These findings have potential public health implications and emphasize the need for further investigation of the mechanistic links between diabetes and atrial fibrillation.
Comparison of Ethanol and Acetaldehyde Toxicity in Rat Astrocytes in Primary Culture
Authors: Šarc Lucija , Lipnik-Štangelj Metoda 
Published: September 2009

Comparison of Ethanol and Acetaldehyde Toxicity in Rat Astrocytes in Primary CultureThis study compared the effects of toxicity of ethanol and its first metabolite acetaldehyde in rat astrocytes through cell viability and cell proliferation. The cells were treated with different concentrations of ethanol in the presence or absence of a catalase inhibitor 2-amino-1,2,4 triazole (AMT) or with different concentrations of acetaldehyde. Cell viability was assessed using the trypan blue test. Cell proliferation was assessed after 24 hours and after seven days of exposure to either ethanol or acetaldehyde.We showed that both ethanol and acetaldehyde decreased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. In proliferation studies, after seven days of exposure to either ethanol or acetaldehyde, we observed a significant dose-dependent decrease in cell number. The protein content study showed biphasic dose-response curves, after 24 hours and seven days of exposure to either ethanol or acetaldehyde. Co-incubation in the presence of AMT significantly reduced the inhibitory effect of ethanol on cell proliferation.We concluded that long-term exposure of astrocytes to ethanol is more toxic than acute exposure. Acetaldehyde is a much more potent toxin than ethanol, and at least a part of ethanol toxicity is due to ethanol's first metabolite acetaldehyde.
Potentiation of Bleomycin Lethality in HeLa and V79 Cells by Bee Venom
Authors: Oršolić Nada 
Published: September 2009

Potentiation of Bleomycin Lethality in HeLa and V79 Cells by Bee VenomThis study investigated possible growth-inhibiting effects of bee venom applied alone or in combination with a cytotoxic drug bleomycin on HeLa and V79 cellsin vitrobased on clone formation, cell counting, and apoptosis. Melittin, the key component of bee venom, is a potent inhibitor of calmodulin activity, and also a potent inhibitor cell growth and clonogenicity. Intracellular accumulation of melittin correlates with the cytotoxicity of antitumour agents. Previous studies indicated that some calcium antagonists and calmodulin inhibitors enhanced intracellular levels of antitumor agents by inhibiting their outward transport. In this study, treatment of exponentially growing HeLa and V79 cells with bleomycin caused a dose-dependent decrease in cell survival due to DNA damage. This lethal effect was potentiated by adding a non-lethal dose of the bee venom. By preventing repair of damaged DNA, bee venom inhibited recovery from potentially lethal damage induced by bleomycin in V79 and HeLa cells. Apoptosis, necrosis, and lysis were presumed as possible mechanisms by which bee venom inhibited growth and clonogenicity of V79 cells. HeLa cells, on the other hand, showed greater resistance to bee venom. Our findings suggest that bee venom might find a therapeutic use in enhancing cytotoxicity of antitumour agent bleomycin.