bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reinforcing Carrier‐Free Photothermal Nanodrugs Through Flavonol‐Driven Assembly
Authors: Fan Mingyu , Zheng Xian , Cheng Wenyu , Wei Haoxuan , Li Pengyu , Ji Chendong , Yin Meizhen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCarrier‐free nanodrugs that integrate chemodrugs and other therapeutic agents demonstrate good efficacy and minimized side effects, showing promise for combined therapy. However, a key challenge lies in enhancing the bioavailability and therapeutic potential of the nanodrugs through a controllable assembly process. Herein, a carrier‐free photothermal nanodrug (ZPQ NPs) is constructed through flavonol‐driven assembly with amine‐substituted perylene diimide for enhanced chemo‐photothermal combined cancer therapy. The flavonol, particularly quercetin, facilitates J‐aggregation of perylene diimide derivatives within the nanodrug and contributes to multiple improvements, including red‐shifted absorption, enhanced fluorescence intensity, improved photothermal conversion efficiency as well as excellent photostability. Moreover, the nanodrug also demonstrates enhanced cellular uptake and intracellular reactive oxygen species scavenging capability. The combination of quercetin and photothermal effect effectively kills cancer cells, as well as alleviates inflammation following photothermal therapy. Guided by in vivo fluorescence imaging, the application of ZPQ NPs results in complete tumor elimination and effectively inhibits tumor recurrence through chemo‐photothermal combined therapy. This work presents a straightforward strategy for constructing carrier‐free nanodrugs that exhibit simultaneous enhancements in both photophysical properties and biological activity.
Granular Biphasic Colloidal Hydrogels for 3D Bioprinting
Authors: Deo Kaivalya A. , Murali Aparna , Tronolone James J. , Mandrona Cole , Lee Hung Pang , Rajput Satyam , Hargett Sarah E. , Selahi Amirali , Sun Yuxiang , Alge Daniel L. , Jain Abhishek , Gaharwar Akhilesh K. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGranular hydrogels composed of hydrogel microparticles are promising candidates for 3D bioprinting due to their ability to protect encapsulated cells. However, to achieve high print fidelity, hydrogel microparticles need to jam to exhibit shear‐thinning characteristics, which is crucial for 3D printing. Unfortunately, this overpacking can significantly impact cell viability, thereby negating the primary advantage of using hydrogel microparticles to shield cells from shear forces. To overcome this challenge, a novel solution: a biphasic, granular colloidal bioink designed to optimize cell viability and printing fidelity is introduced. The biphasic ink consists of cell‐laden polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel microparticles embedded in a continuous gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)‐nanosilicate colloidal network. Here, it is demonstrated that this biphasic bioink offers outstanding rheological properties, print fidelity, and structural stability. Furthermore, its utility for engineering complex tissues with multiple cell types and heterogeneous microenvironments is demonstrated, by incorporating β‐islet cells into the PEG microparticles and endothelial cells in the GelMA‐nanosilicate colloidal network. Using this approach, it is possible to induce cell patterning, enhance vascularization, and direct cellular function. The proposed biphasic bioink holds significant potential for numerous emerging biomedical applications, including tissue engineering and disease modeling.
Linear Electro‐Optic Effect in 2D Ferroelectric for Electrically Tunable Metalens
Authors: Liu Yuanda , Wu Yaze , Duan Ruihuan , Fu Jichao , Ovesen Martin , Lai Samuel Chang En , Yeo Think‐E , Chee Jing Yee , Chen Yunjie , Teo Siew Lang , Tan Hui Ru , Zhang Wang , Yang Joel K. W. , Thygesen Kristian Sommer , Liu Zheng , Zhang Yong‐Wei , Teng Jinghua 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe advent of 2D ferroelectrics, characterized by their spontaneous polarization states in layer‐by‐layer domains without the limitation of a finite size effect, brings enormous promise for applications in integrated optoelectronic devices. Comparing with semiconductor/insulator devices, ferroelectric devices show natural advantages such as non‐volatility, low energy consumption and high response speed. Several 2D ferroelectric materials have been reported, however, the device implementation particularly for optoelectronic application remains largely hypothetical. Here, the linear electro‐optic effect in 2D ferroelectrics is discovered and electrically tunable 2D ferroelectric metalens is demonstrated. The linear electric‐field modulation of light is verified in 2D ferroelectric CuInP2S6. The in‐plane phase retardation can be continuously tuned by a transverse DC electric field, yielding an effective electro‐optic coefficient rc of 20.28 pm V–1. The CuInP2S6 crystal exhibits birefringence with the fast axis oriented along its (010) plane. The 2D ferroelectric Fresnel metalens shows efficacious focusing ability with an electrical modulation efficiency of the focusing exceeding 34%. The theoretical analysis uncovers the origin of the birefringence and unveil its ultralow light absorption across a wide wavelength range in this non‐excitonic system. The van der Waals ferroelectrics enable room‐temperature electrical modulation of light and offer the freedom of heterogeneous integration with silicon and another material system for highly compact and tunable photonics and metaoptics.
Construction and Observation of Flexibly Controllable High‐Dimensional Non‐Hermitian Skin Effects
Authors: Zhang Qicheng , Leng Yufei , Xiong Liwei , Li Yuzeng , Zhang Kun , Qi Liangjun , Qiu Chunyin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNon‐Hermitian skin effect (NHSE) is one of the most fundamental phenomena in non‐Hermitian physics. It is established that 1D NHSE originates from the nontrivial spectral winding topology. However, the topological origin behind the higher‐dimensional NHSE remains unclear, which poses a substantial challenge in constructing and manipulating high‐dimensional NHSEs. Here, an intuitive bottom‐to‐top scheme to construct high‐dimensional NHSEs is proposed, through assembling multiple independent 1D NHSEs. Not only the elusive high‐dimensional NHSEs can be effectively predicted from the well‐defined 1D spectral winding topologies, but also the high‐dimensional generalized Brillouin zones can be directly synthesized from the 1D counterparts. As examples, two 2D nonreciprocal acoustic metamaterials are experimentally implemented to demonstrate highly controllable multi‐polar NHSEs and hybrid skin‐topological effects, where the sound fields can be frequency‐selectively localized at any desired corners and boundaries. These results offer a practicable strategy for engineering high‐dimensional NHSEs, which can boost advanced applications such as selective filters and directional amplifiers.
Unveiling the Shadows: Overcoming Bottlenecks in Scaling Organic Photovoltaic Technology from Laboratory to Industry
Authors: Chang Yi‐Ming , Hsiao Yu‐Tang , Tsai Kuen‐Wei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOrganic photovoltaic (OPV) technology has recently achieved remarkable progress in academia, attaining power conversion efficiencies exceeding 19%, a breakthrough previously unimaginable. Despite these advancements, the translation of high‐efficiency OPV cells into the commercialization of OPV modules has been limited, impeding the market penetration of OPV technology. Upon careful examination, various challenges emerge, including disparities between laboratory research and industrial production in device architecture, influenced by considerations of cost and manufacturability. Additionally, the incorporation of high‐efficiency materials requires careful consideration not only of the compatibility between the photoactive layer and interface layers or transparent electrodes but also of the associated synthetic complexity of chemical structures and cost implications. While these issues are crucial, they may not be widely discussed in current mainstream research. In this article, the purpose is to identify bottlenecks from a material techniques perspective, with the aim of promoting increased resources in the research of pertinent module technologies. This effort is intended to propel OPV technology toward greater success and bring it into closer alignment with the goals of commercialization.
Assessment of outcrossing potential between cultivated and weedy rice under alternate wetting and drying irrigation management
Authors: Rohila Jai S. , Gealy David R. , Jackson Aaron K. , Ziska Lewis H. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn recent years, water conservation efforts in rice production have necessitated the use of reduced irrigation input systems such as alternate wetting and drying (AWD) as a substitute to conventional continuous flood‐irrigated systems (FLD), but little is known about the role of AWD in altering outcrossing potentials between cultivated rice and weedy rice (WR). In the United States, rice growers often control WR by cultivating varieties that possess herbicide resistance. However, an ongoing concern with such technology is hybridization or outcrossing between herbicide‐resistant rice cultivars and WR over time. Such outcrossing may result in transferring of herbicide resistance with increased occurrence of herbicide‐resistant WR ecotypes and reduction in the efficacy of herbicide management. This study compared and quantified outcrossing rates between two Clearfield rice varieties (CL142AR and CL261) that are herbicide resistant and two common WR genotypes, strawhull (SH) and blackhull (BH), under FLD and AWD management. Outcrossing was evident in all four genotype combinations (i.e., CL142AR or CL261 cultivated rice and SH or BH weedy rice) in both FLD and AWD; however, outcrossing rates with CL261 averaged about 6.5 times lower than those with CL142AR. Additional analysis revealed that higher outcrossing rates were associated with increased synchrony of flowering times and closer vertical proximity of panicles of WR to CL142AR than with CL261. AWD irrigation reduced outcrossing in SH weedy rice, suggesting that reduced outcrossing of SH weedy rice might be an additional benefit from AWD irrigation management.
All‐Inorganic sp‐Chain Ligands: Isoelectronic B/N Analogues of E. O. Fischer's Alkynylcarbynes
Authors: Walther Luis , Radacki Krzysztof , Dewhurst Rian D. , Bertermann Rüdiger , Finze Maik , Braunschweig Holger 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBorylation of a tungsten‐bound N2 ligand and halide abstraction provides access to a cationic complex with an unprecedented linear NNBR ligand. This complex undergoes [3+2] cycloaddition with azides, and an unexpected chain‐extension reaction with an iminoborane, leading to a complex with a five‐atom B/N chain. These two [NNBR]‐containing complexes, inorganic analogues of E. O. Fischer's alkynylcarbynes, are very rare examples of molecules containing all‐inorganic chains of sp‐hybridized atoms.
[22]Pentaphyrins(2.0.1.1.0) Displaying N‐Fusion, Pyrrole‐Rearrangement, and Dimerization Reactions Upon Oxidation and Metalation
Authors: Chen Jinchao , Liu Le , Rao Yutao , Xu Ling , Zhou Mingbo , Yin Bangshao , Shimizu Soji , Shimizu Daiki , Osuka Atsuhiro , Song Jianxin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractExploration of expanded porphyrins with unprecedented reactivities has remained important. Here [22]pentaphyrins(2.0.1.1.0) were synthesized as a constitutional isomer of sapphyrin by acid‐catalyzed cyclization of 1,14‐dibromo‐5,10‐diaryltripyrrin with 1,2‐di(pyrro‐2‐ly)ethenes. These pentaphyrins display roughly planar structures and varying aromaticities depending upon the vinylene structures. The 19,20‐ditolyl pentaphyrin gave an N‐fused product and an unprecedented pyrrole‐rearranged product, depending upon the oxidation conditions. Remarkably, upon the metalation with CuCl, the N‐fused product and the pyrrole‐rearranged product afforded an inner β‐β coupled face‐to‐face CuII complex dimer and an outer β‐β coupled lateral CuII complex dimer, respectively, in fairly good yields. Further, [22]pentaphyrin(2.0.1.1.0) fused with a NiII porphyrin was effectively dimerized upon oxidation with MnO2 to give a 16–16’ directly linked dl‐dimer.
Thermoplastic polyimide with low dielectric properties enabled by the 2,2′‐spirobifluorene group
Authors: Jian Ling‐Feng , Lu Zhi‐Yu , Zhang Jin‐Yuan , Yuan Hui‐Bo , Zhang Hui , Ge Hua , Tan Wan‐Yi , Cui Ting‐Ting , Min Yong‐Gang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThermoplastic polyimides (TPIs) have melt‐processability and adhesive ability, besides the intrinsic advantages of polyimides. To meet the requirements of applications in high‐frequency communication, TPIs with low dielectric constant (Dk)/dielectric loss factor (Df) at high frequency are also desirable. Enhancing the rigidity of polymer chains and simultaneously intermolecular interaction are effective ways to ensure low Dk/Df, which also benefit to heat resistance. However, it is not conducive to thermoplasticity, due to limited movement of polymer chains. To balance the trade‐off between them, we introduce noncoplanar 2,2′‐spirobifluorene groups to modify the rigidity of polymer chains and regulate the twist between electron‐donor moieties (diamine units) and electron‐acceptor moieties (dianhydride units). It leads to rigid polymer chains, which benefits to good heat resistance and dielectric properties. Meanwhile, the resultant irregular chain structure is difficult to crystallize, which results in thermoplasticity.
Two‐Dimensional Layered Hydroxide Materials for Nucleophile Oxidation
Authors: Yang Yuwei , Bedford Nicholas M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe global energy crisis highlights the need to transition from fossil fuels to sustainable, renewable sources of energy. Green hydrogen produced via renewable energy‐driven water electrolysis is an emerging alternative due to its zero emissions and high energy density. To address the high energy consumption of water electrolysis, innovative hybrid electrolyzers integrating nucleophile oxidation reactions (NOR) are under activity investigation, reducing energy demands and enabling valuable product synthesis and waste treatment, thereby enhancing the efficiency and economic viability of hydrogen production via electrocatalytic technologies. Recent advancements in layered hydroxide materials (LHMs) have markedly improved the efficiency of alkaline electrochemical conversion processes and are gaining prominence in NORs due to their expansive surface areas and tailorable characteristics through diverse engineering strategies. Further, their layered architecture is readily conducive to in‐situ characterization, using techniques like XAS, XRD, Raman, and IR spectroscopy, providing insights into their anodic NOR mechanisms. This review summarizes the latest developments in LHMs as electrocatalysts for NOR, discusses current design strategies of LHMs, and emphasizes the significance of operando characterization techniques in elucidating the reaction mechanisms of different LHMs. Finally, the future challenges and potential advancements in their scale‐up application in electrocatalytic NOR are put forward.
Thixotropic Composite Hydrogel Electrode Composed of a Polymer Hydrogelator and Water‐Dispersive Tungsten Oxide Flat Microparticles
Authors: Nitta Chie , Ohsedo Yutaka 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHere, we introduce an organic/inorganic composite hydrogel as a versatile gel electrode material. This composite hydrogel was formed by simply mixing an aqueous solution of flat microparticles of tungsten oxide, exhibiting superior water dispersibility, with a hydrogel composed of a water‐soluble polyaramide‐based polymer hydrogelator. The resulting composite hydrogel exhibited uniform dispersion of tungsten oxide flat particles throughout the hydrogel matrix, supplementing the structure formed by the polymer hydrogelator. It maintained the gel‐forming capability and thixotropic behavior inherent to the polymer hydrogelator while showcasing the electrochemical characteristics of tungsten oxide. With its spreadability and applicability to various electrode shapes, a composite hydrogel is presented as a potential spreadable gel electrode material.
Recent Developments On Activatable Turn‐On Fluorogenic Donors of Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)
Authors: Misra Roopjyoti , Bhuyan Hirak Jyoti , Dutta Amlan , Bhabak Krishna P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHydrogen sulfide (H2S) is considered the third member of the gasotransmitter family, along with nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). Besides its role in physiological and pathophysiological conditions, the promising therapeutic potential of this small‐molecule makes it advantageous for various pharmaceutical applications. The endogenous production of H2S at a lower concentration is crucial in maintaining redox balance and cellular homeostasis, and the dysregulation leads to various disease states. In the event of H2S deficiency, the exogenous donation of H2S could help maintain the optimal cellular concentration of H2S and cellular homeostasis. Over the last several years, researchers have developed numerous small‐molecule non‐fluorogenic organosulfur compounds as H2S donors and investigated their pharmacological potentials. However, reports on stimuli‐responsive turn‐on fluorogenic donors of H2S have appeared recently. Interestingly, the fluorogenic H2S donors offer additional advantages with the non‐invasive real‐time monitoring of the H2S release utilizing the simultaneous turn‐on fluorogenic processes. The review summarizes the recent developments in turn‐on fluorogenic donors of H2S and the potential biological applications that have developed over the years.
Oxide semiconductor based deep‐subthreshold operated read‐out electronics for all‐printed smart sensor patches
Authors: Pradhan Jyoti Ranjan , Priyadarsini Sushree Sangita , Nibgoor Sanjana R. , Singh Manvendra , Dasgupta Subho 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe ability to fabricate an entire smart sensor patch with read‐out electronics using commercial printing techniques may have a wide range of potential applications. Although solution‐processed oxide thin film transistors (TFTs) are capable of providing high mobility electron transport, resulting in large ON‐state current and power output, there is hardly any literature report that uses the printed oxide TFTs at the sensor interfaces. Here, printed amorphous indium‐gallium‐zinc oxide (a‐IGZO)‐based deep‐subthreshold operated TFTs that comprise signal amplifiers and analog‐to‐digital converters (ADCs) that can successfully digitalize the analog sensor signals up to a frequency range of 1 kHz are reported. In addition, exploiting the high current oxide TFTs, a current drive circuit placed after the ADC unit has been found useful in producing easy‐to‐detect visual recognition of the sensor signal at a predefined threshold crossover. Notably, the entire smart sensor patch is demonstrated to operate at a low supply voltage of ≤2 V, thereby ensuring that it can be an on‐chip energy source compatible and standalone detection unit.
Neuroticism polygenic risk predicts conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease by impairing inferior parietal surface area
Authors: Li Qiaojun , Lv Xingping , Qian Qian , Liao Kun , Du Xin ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe high prevalence of conversion from amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) to Alzheimer's disease (AD) makes early prevention of AD extremely critical. Neuroticism, a heritable personality trait associated with mental health, has been considered a risk factor for conversion from aMCI to AD. However, whether the neuroticism genetic risk could predict the conversion of aMCI and its underlying neural mechanisms is unclear. Neuroticism polygenic risk score (N‐PRS) was calculated in 278 aMCI patients with qualified genomic and neuroimaging data from ADNI. After 1‐year follow‐up, N‐PRS in patients of aMCI‐converted group was significantly greater than those in aMCI‐stable group. Logistic and Cox survival regression revealed that N‐PRS could significantly predict the early‐stage conversion risk from aMCI to AD. These results were well replicated in an internal dataset and an independent external dataset of 933 aMCI patients from the UK Biobank. One sample Mendelian randomization analyses confirmed a potentially causal association from higher N‐PRS to lower inferior parietal surface area to higher conversion risk of aMCI patients. These analyses indicated that neuroticism genetic risk may increase the conversion risk from aMCI to AD by impairing the inferior parietal structure.
Porous Crystalline Organic Cages Made by Design
Authors: Ivanova Svetlana , Beuerle Florian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractShape‐persistent organic cages are an intriguing class of molecular porous materials. Through hierarchical molecular design, size and shape of the intrinsic molecular voids are controlled by dynamic covalent chemistry, while pore structure and topology are governed by noncovalent alignment in the solid state. However, the predictable and reliable crystallization of organic cages is still challenging since long‐range superstructures are solely based on weak and rather unidirectional supramolecular interactions. In this tutorial review, we provide a general classification of porous solid‐state materials and discuss specific design principles regarding the dynamic covalent reactions, the small‐molecule building blocks and solid‐state engineering. Furthermore, we introduce the most important analytical techniques for porous materials with a special focus on organic cages.
The impact of modified Cognitive‐Behavioral Group Therapy in social adjustment functions of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and their parents' stress levels: A nonrandomized clinical trial
Authors: Chen Minrong , Jiang Xiangyu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the potential of a modified Cognitive‐Behavioral Group Therapy (CBGT) intervention in promoting social adjustment and reducing their parental stress among children exhibiting symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The research also highlights the mechanisms and advantages of employing modified CBGT to address negative symptoms associated with ADHD in children. The study was conducted at Fuzhou Children's Hospital of Fujian Province, with a total of 20 pairs of parents and children with ADHD participating. The assessment utilized measures including SNAP, Barratt Impulsivity, and Conners to evaluate changes in the children's social adjustment abilities and core/associated ADHD symptoms before and after CBGT intervention. Additionally, the Parental Stress Index was employed to gauge the level of stress experienced by the parents. Consequently, CBGT interventions have shown substantial improvements in children's social adjustment abilities and have proven to be a significant source of stress relief for parents.