bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computational Docking of Biomolecular Complexes with AutoDock
Authors: Goodsell David S. 
Published: May 2009

INTRODUCTIONComputer prediction of the interaction between enzymes and small molecules has now advanced to the point that it allows accurate prediction of bound conformations and binding constants. For instance, the program AutoDock allows consistent computational docking of flexible ligands with about a dozen torsional degrees of freedom, and the empirical free-energy force field provides predicted energies that are accurate to within ~2 kcal/mol, or an ~30-fold difference in binding constants. Thus, these methods can easily separate compounds with micromolar and nanomolar binding constants from those with millimolar binding constants, and can often rank molecules with finer differences in affinity. Computational docking methods can be used to screen a variety of possible compounds, searching for new compounds with specific binding properties or testing a range of modifications of an existing compound. The approach has been successful in numerous cases, most notably, the discovery of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitors. This protocol presents a detailed outline and advice for use of AutoDock and its graphical interface, AutoDock Tools, to analyze biomolecular complexes using computational docking. The first step is to prepare the coordinate files for the docking molecule and the target molecule. The second step is the calculation of the affinity grid for the target molecule. In the third step, the docking molecule is docked with the affinity grid, and, finally, the results are analyzed.
Surgical Manipulations on Pupal Wings from the African Butterfly Bicyclus anynana: Damage and Cauteries
Authors: Brakefield Paul M. , Beldade Patrícia , Zwaan Bas J. 
Published: May 2009

INTRODUCTIONThis protocol describes cautery experiments with young pupal wings of the African butterfly Bicyclus anynana to examine the potential role of groups of cells in wing pattern determination. Experiments can be performed on either the left or right wing, leaving the other wing as a control. The pupal wing case overlies a stack of four sheets of epithelial cells that will form, in turn, the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the forewing and then the respective surfaces of the hindwing. The dorsal surface of the forewing is immediately underneath the cuticle. The trachea or wing veins of the forewing are visible through the pupal cuticle under a binocular microscope, providing landmarks. Raised “bumps” or irregularities on the pupal cuticle indicate where the eyespot organizers (or foci) are present on the underlying forewing. The wild-type pattern of the dorsal forewing consists of a small anterior eyespot and a large posterior eyespot; each eyespot has a central white pupil, a black inner ring, and an outer gold ring. Experiments that involve a short insertion of sharpened needles through the pupal cuticle can explore the effects of damage to groups of cells at different times from shortly after pupation until pattern determination has occurred (~24 h after pupation). This type of experiment originally helped to characterize the eyespot organizers because early focal damage to the location of these cells can result in shrinkage or complete elimination of the corresponding eyespot in the adult wing (relative to the control wing).
Fixation and Dissection of Embryos from the African Butterfly Bicyclus anynana
Authors: Brakefield Paul M. , Beldade Patrícia , Zwaan Bas J. 
Published: May 2009

INTRODUCTIONThis protocol describes a procedure for the fixation and dissection of embryos from the African butterfly Bicyclus anynana. Such embryos can be used subsequently for in situ hybridization experiments or for immunohistochemistry analysis.
In Situ Hybridization of Embryos and Larval and Pupal Wings from the African Butterfly Bicyclus anynana
Authors: Brakefield Paul M. , Beldade Patrícia , Zwaan Bas J. 
Published: May 2009

INTRODUCTIONThe modified in situ hybridization protocol described here can be used to localize RNA transcripts in developing tissues of the African butterfly Bicyclus anynana, including larval and pupal wings and embryos.
Extraction and Gas Chromatography Analysis of Adult Pheromones from the African Butterfly Bicyclus anynana
Authors: Brakefield Paul M. , Beldade Patrícia , Zwaan Bas J. 
Published: May 2009

INTRODUCTIONPheromones are used for communication among individuals of the same species, including attracting mates. A blend of chemical components is recognized as a pheromone if it elicits a behavioral or physiological response. Gas chromatography (GC) helps to separate complex mixtures of chemicals extracted from a target tissue. When the extract is associated with an internal standard, GC can be used to quantify the amounts of the chemical components present on a target tissue. This protocol describes the preparation of pheromone extracts from wings of the African butterfly Bicyclus anynana and the subsequent use of these extracts in GC analysis.
Injection of Chemicals into Pupae of the African Butterfly Bicyclus anynana
Authors: Brakefield Paul M. , Beldade Patrícia , Zwaan Bas J. 
Published: May 2009

INTRODUCTIONThis protocol describes a procedure for the injection of chemicals into pupae of the African butterfly Bicyclus anynana. A number of target traits can be monitored to determine the effect of a particular chemical on the pupae.
Construction of Fusion Proteins for Transductional Targeting: Figure 1.
Authors: Kawakami Yosuke , Curiel David T. 
Published: May 2009

INTRODUCTIONTherapeutic gene transfer strategies aim to maximize gene transfer and expression in target cells. However, gene delivery systems often fail to preferentially transduce target cells in mixed cell populations. In addition, limitations in vector specificity can lead to transduction of nontarget cells, resulting in untoward toxicity, even with compartmental dosing. Thus, vector optimization is critical for the development of efficient genetic experiments. The life cycle and biology of adenovirus (Ad) infection and transgene expression in cells have been thoroughly characterized. Ad infection is initiated by recognition of the native Ad5 receptor, coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor (CAR), on target cells by the carboxy-terminal portion (i.e., knob) of the fiber protein. The development of genetically modified Ad vectors with transductional specificity for a single cell type requires “retargeting:” the ablation of endogenous tropism and the introduction of novel tropism determinants for target cells. One strategy for accomplishing such retargeting does so indirectly, by using bifunctional adapter molecules. One element of the bispecific adapter binds to the Ad fiber knob, blocking its interaction with CAR and, thus, its native tropism. The second component of the adapter introduces specificity for the target cells and is chemically or genetically conjugated to the knob-binding portion. Recombinant fusion proteins offer a number of technological advantages over chemical conjugates, including simplified production and purification. In this protocol, a recombinant fusion protein is generated that ablates the vector’s native tropism by blocking the CAR receptor and retargets the vector to cells expressing epidermal growth factor (EGF).
The positive interaction of work and family roles
Authors: Warner Melissa A. , Hausdorf Peter A. 
Published: May 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a review of the predominant theoretical frameworks used to describe the interaction between work and family roles and present an integrative model of work‐family enrichment. The goal is to better understand the psychological processes underlying work‐family enrichment and to identify ways in which work‐family enrichment can be increased. A conceptual and testable model depicting the direct and indirect relationships involved in work‐family enrichment is provided.Design/methodology/approachA review of past theories describing the work‐family interface is provided, followed by the presentation of a theoretical and testable model depicting the relationships between work‐family enrichment and need theory.FindingsIt is suggested that the basic needs of competence, autonomy, and relatedness are presented as important psychological benefits that directly impact affect within a domain and indirectly influence work‐family enrichment and quality of life.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper suggests several future directions that researchers can undertake to advance the understanding of positive linkages between work and family. These future directions include: testing the propositions related to need theory through a daily study approach, examining organizational and personal antecedents and consequences associated with work‐family enrichment, and testing the aspects of the presented model to further the new area of research, integrating work‐family enrichment and need theory.Practical implicationsThis paper highlights several practical recommendations for individuals and organizations. These include: the need to focus beyond work‐family conflict towards work‐family enrichment, incorporating basic psychological need fulfillment into employees' developmental goals, and for employees to seek psychological benefits to buffer any costs within a role when trying to balance work and family.Originality/valueThis paper addresses several gaps in the previous work‐family literature including: the primary focus on the negative interaction between work and family; the lack of theoretical exploration into how and why multiple roles can lead to work‐family enrichment; and specifically, the integration of need theory as an explanation for work‐family enrichment.
Development and test of new dimensions of altruistic buying behavior
Authors: Hopkins Raymond A. , Powers Thomas L. 
Published: May 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is show how altruism provides a basis for understanding motivations that consumers may possess, especially as it relates to their response to buy‐national marketing campaigns. The paper aims to report research that examines traditional measures of altruism to determine whether there are differing or additional dimensions of altruism.Design/methodology/approachThe research is based on a survey of 212 consumers and their responses to previously validated altruism scales. These scales were factor‐analyzed to identify new dimensions of altruism.FindingsEight dimensions of altruism are empirically identified and are demonstrated to be different by demographic groupings and their responses to altruism‐based marketing programs.Originality/valuePatterns of altruistic behavior can enable marketers to estimate the relative size and behavioral patterns of altruism‐based market segments.
Policy and research in a post‐conflict context
Authors: Rutaisire John , Gahima Charles 
Published: May 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess the relationship between policy development and research evidence with specific reference to the Rwandan Teacher Development and Management Policy introduced in 2005. It aims to highlight the complexity of implementing large‐scale system wide change in the specific context of a small African nation emerging from a recent period of intense conflict.Design/methodology/approachThe paper seeks to link analysis of teacher education policy in Rwanda with a review of international scholarship and research.FindingsThe paper argues that much has been achieved by the Rwandan Teacher Development and Management Policy, but that further work is necessary if the policy is to lead to tangible and meaningful change at school level. It also concludes that international research on teacher education and development can provide a useful rationale for Rwandan education policy, but it is vital that policy implementation reflects the specificity of the Rwandan context.Research limitation/implicationsThe paper has implications for contexts seeking to adopt similar system wide policy changes, and seeking to link international research with specific national circumstances.Originality/valueEducation research into the specific contexts of sub‐Saharan African nations remains underdeveloped. This paper makes a small contribution to addressing this deficit.
Job satisfaction of physicians in Russia
Authors: O'Leary Patrick , Wharton Natalia , Quinlan Thomas 
Published: May 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to determine the relationship between job characteristics and job satisfaction amongst physicians in Russia.Design/methodology/approachOverall satisfaction and relative satisfaction on the bases of facility and gender were measured. Approaches included the perception vs expectation paradigm, and statistical techniques using chi‐square, independent samples t‐tests, and logistic regression.FindingsThe study finds that, overall, male doctors report higher levels of satisfaction than female doctors, while those who work in polyclinics are more satisfied than those employed by hospitals. Female physicians are more satisfied in their relations with patients and colleagues than their male counterparts. The majority of physicians are dissatisfied with administration and time constraints.Practical implicationsThis paper provides practical advice to hospital and polyclinic managers in Russia as attempts at reforming and restructuring the healthcare system gather momentum.Originality/valueThere is scant empirical data on the job satisfaction of physicians in Russia. This paper found that job characteristic variables such as clinical autonomy, resources, time, and administration moderate physician satisfaction relationships in Russia, just as they do in the West.
Creating patient value in glaucoma care: applying quality costing and care delivery value chain approaches
Authors: de Korne Dirk F. , Sol Kees (J.C.A.) , Custers Thomas , van Sprundel Esther , van Ineveld B. Martin , Lemij Hans G. , Klazinga Niek S. 
Published: May 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore in a specific hospital care process the applicability in practice of the theories of quality costing and value chains.Design/methodology/approachIn a retrospective case study an in‐depth evaluation of the use of a quality cost model (QCM) and the applicability of Porter's care delivery value chain (CDVC) was performed in a specific care process: glaucoma care over the period 2001 to 2006 in the Rotterdam Eye Hospital in The Netherlands.FindingsThe case study shows a reduction of costs per product by increasing the number of outpatient visits and surgery combined with a higher patient satisfaction. Reduction of costs of non‐compliance by using the QCM is small, due to the absence of (external) financial incentives for both the hospital and individual physicians. For CDVC to be supportive to an integrated quality and cost management the notion “patient value” needs far more specification as mutually agreed on by the stakeholders involved and related reimbursement needs to depend on realised outcomes.Research limitations/implicationsThe case study just focused on one specific care process in one hospital. To determine effects in other areas of health care, it is important to study the use and applicability of the QCM and the CDVC in other care processes and settings.Originality/valueQCM and a CDVC can be useful tools for hospital management to manage the outcomes on both quality and costs, but impact is dependent on the incentives in the context of the existing organisational and reimbursement system and asks for an agreed on operationalisation among the various stakeholders of the notion of patient value.
Comparison of low cost, insulated aluminium substrates used as integrated heat sinks with conventional technology
Authors: Eisermann E. , Höll K. , Smetana W. , Tusler W. , Unger M. , Whitmarsh J. 
Published: May 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe two new thick film paste systems (one glass‐based and the other polymer‐based) for insulating aluminium substrates and allowing components like high‐intensity light‐emitting diodes to be attached to a conductor deposited on the dielectric.Design/methodology/approachComparative measurements of the thermal resistance of different substrates mounted with metal‐oxide semiconductor field‐effect transistors were made.FindingsThe thermal advantages of these two technologies have been proved.Originality/valueThis paper presents useful comparative data from a replicated application using different combinations of substrates. The paper shows how the superior properties of the two new systems have been proven by thermal resistance measurements. From a thermal point of view, it is only the expensive 4 W m−1 K−1 insulated metal substrate that competes with the “low cost” systems.
Comparison between models for p‐n junctions parameters extraction
Authors: Pesenti G.C. , Boudinov H. 
Published: May 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to compare different junctions' parameters extraction models.Design/methodology/approachI‐V curves of p+‐n and pwell‐n diodes were measured. Five models for parameters extraction on I‐V characteristics of diodes in an educational poly‐Si gate pwell complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology were applied. The junctions' areas were 30 × 30 μm for the source‐body p+‐n junction of the PMOS transistor and 220 × 250 μm for the pwell‐body junction. The diodes were sintered in forming gas (10 percent of H2) in the temperature interval of 450‐525°C for times from 30 min up to 4 h.FindingsIt was shown that the best annealing regimes are different for both kinds of junctions.Originality/valueThe paper shows that the best annealing regime for p+‐n diodes (the lowest n and I0 values) is 450°C, 30 min and for the pwell‐n diodes (the lowest I0 values) is 525°C, 60 min. So, for the different kinds of junctions in one integrated circuit, different annealings could give the best parameters and the optimization depends on the specific characteristics of the developed technology.
Electrical properties and electrical equivalent models of thick‐film and LTCC microcapacitors
Authors: Miś Edward , Dziedzic Andrzej , Nitsch Karol 
Published: May 2009

PurposeA capacitor is a basic electronic passive component. Thick‐film technology allows manufacturing of capacitors covering the range of small and medium capacitances and they have been investigated in depth already. Low temperature co‐fired ceramics (LTCC) technology makes it possible to fabricate buried capacitors, which leads to increased packaging density, but such components’ properties are not well known. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of investigations on thick‐film and LTCC capacitors made in various technological variants.Design/methodology/approachThick‐film and LTCC capacitors were made in various technological variants. Different capacitor inks, metallurgy of electrodes and component constructions were investigated. Basic electrical properties and stability were determined. An electrical equivalent circuit of such components was developed based on frequency and temperature characteristics.FindingsSimple electrical equivalent circuits of self‐made thick‐film and LTCC micro‐capacitors were developed based on measurements in frequency and temperature domain. Good fitting accuracy was obtained. The bulk material section of model is predominant in the low‐frequency range. Interface region and serial resistance influence are revealed at higher frequency, affecting mainly dissipation factor value. Also, temperature and thermal ageing have affected strongly on that part of the model.Originality/valueThe paper usefully examines the electrical properties and electrical equivalent models of thick‐film and LTCC micro‐capacitors.
Service cost model and cost comparative studies
Authors: Mas Machuca Carmen , Moe Øyvind , Eberspächer Joerg , Jaeger Monika , Gladisch Andreas 
Published: May 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose a service cost model which can be used to evaluate the impact of different management functionalities or network platforms to the service cost.Design/methodology/approachFollowing the validation of the importance that OpEx has on the overall TCO, a classification of the costs is proposed, based on their relation to the network. Two main types of costs have been identified: network based costs and service based costs. Both cost types have been modeled as a set of interconnected processes based on the network and service life cycle respectively. Network and service cost models have been integrated into a single framework. These models have been implemented as Markov chains, which include the dynamic behavior of services. Two different methods for the implementation (analytical versus non‐analytical) have been compared from the implementation and computation time point of view. The proposed service model has been used in two case studies: cost comparison of different types of services on different platforms; and impact of the service type distribution on the overall service cost on different platforms.FindingsThis paper finds the utility that the proposed cost model has. It has been shown that the impact on the overall service cost that a particular network platform capability such as the possibility of establishing point to multipoint connections has.. The proposed network and service cost models can be used on different types of networks and services.Originality/valueThe paper presents a general service cost model that can be used to study the impact of any management functionality or network platform has on the service cost.
Meta‐analysis on the effect of dopexamine on in‐hospital mortality
Authors: Gopal S. , Jayakumar D. , Nelson P. N. 
Published: May 2009

SummaryThe objective of the study was to determine whether dopexamine alters in‐hospital mortality. The following databases were searched, Embase (1974–July 2007), Medline (1950–July 2007), CINAHL, PubMed and Cochrane Clinical Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). Two reviewers independently checked the quality of the studies and extracted data. Six randomised controlled trials totalling 935 patients were included. Mortality was not significantly different with dopexamine treatment (relative risk 0.75, 95% confidence interval 0.48–1.18, p = 0.22). In conclusion, dopexamine does not improve in‐hospital mortality in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery and in the critically ill.
Identification of C‐glycoside analogues that display a potent biological activity against murine and human invariant natural killer T cells
Authors: Li Xiangming , Chen Guangwu , Garcia‐Navarro Raquel , Franck Richard W. , Tsuji Moriya 
Published: May 2009

SummaryWe have recently shown that α‐C‐galactosylceramide (α‐C‐GalCer) stimulates invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells and preferentially induces a T helper 1 (Th1)‐type response in mice. However, α‐C‐GalCer was found to be a rather weak ligand against human iNKT cells in vitro. Therefore, in this study, we sought to identify a compound that displays a strong stimulatory activity against human iNKT cells, by determining the biological activities of several C‐glycoside analogues. From the in vitro screening assays, we found that almost all C‐glycoside analogues, which have an E‐alkene linker between sugar and lipid moieties, are able to activate human iNKT cells and to induce the maturation and activation of human dendritic cells through iNKT‐cell activation. In summary, although α‐galactosylceramide (α‐GalCer) remains the strongest iNKT‐cell ligand, our study identified E‐alkene‐linked C‐glycoside analogues as potent human iNKT‐cell stimulants, and indicated that these analogues could be used as a therapeutic agent in the future for diseases resolved by Th1‐type responses.