bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of Anatolian refugia in herpetofaunal diversity: an mtDNA analysis of Typhlops vermicularis Merrem, 1820 (Squamata, Typhlopidae)
Authors: Giokas Sinos , Kumlutaş Yusuf , Ilgaz Çetin , Kornilios Panagiotis , Chondropoulos Basil , Fraguedakis-Tsolis Stella 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAnatolian mountains have played an important role in speciation and definition of biogeographical subregions and have been defined as “hotspots” of biodiversity. Because of its position and its long palaeogeographic and palaeoclimatic history, Anatolia acted in the past as a bridge or as a barrier for species' dispersal, providing natural pathways or acting as a vicariant agent, respectively. In this study we investigated the phylogeny and biogeography of a small fossorial snake, Typhlops vermicularis, in Anatolia, using formalin-preserved specimens and following a special protocol. We inferred phylogenetic relationships using partial 12S and ND2 sequences, and estimated divergence times of major lineages. Our mtDNA analysis revealed a hidden genetic diversity within Anatolian T. vermicularis. Four well-supported lineages occur within our sampled populations corresponding to respective refugia, which represent humid areas with dense forest vegetation in high altitude. The remaining populations, from the western and southeastern Anatolia, are almost genetically identical, representing a recent geographic expansion. A distributional disruption and a following allopatric fragmentation for T. vermicularis possibly resulted from climatic oscillations that occurred during the Miocene and Pliocene. We propose that extreme and sudden aridification led to distribution shrinkage of T. vermicularis, with genetic lineages surviving in refugia.
Elusive but widespread? The potential distribution and genetic variation of Hyalosaurus koellikeri (Günther, 1873) in the Maghreb
Authors: Pleguezuelos Juan M. , Mora Elisa , de Pous Philip , Escoriza Daniel , Metallinou Margarita , Donaire David , Comas Mar , Carranza Salvador 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe genetic variability and the potential distribution under past (Last Glacial Maximum; LGM (MIROC and CCSM simulations)) and present conditions were studied for the anguid Hyalosaurus koellikeri, using analyses of two mitochondrial (ND1 and ND2) and one nuclear (PRLR) gene and species distribution modelling (SDM) including 19 geographical coordinates, covering most of its distribution range. Unexpectedly, the genetic results show that H. koellikeri presents a very low level of variability both in the mitochondrial and nuclear genes studied. The present predicted distribution of H. koellikeri revealed a large potential distribution in both north and eastwards directions, with suitable areas predicted in places where the species has never been reported before, as for instance the Rif Mountains in Morocco, as well as into most parts of northern Algeria and Tunisia. The LGM distribution is even larger compared to the present, with a continuous predicted distribution from Morocco to Tunisia, and even into Libya under the MIROC simulation. The results of the genetic and SDM analyses suggest that the now isolated populations from Debdou and Tlemcen have probably been in contact during the LGM, but its absence from both present and past predicted suitable areas is still a mystery. Hyalosaurus koellikeri depends mainly on closed deciduous forests (typically Cedrus atlantica and Quercus sp.) and open deciduous shrubland with high amounts of annual rainfall. The results of this study and the absence of recent sightings of the species outside the core distribution might indicate a regression of the species. Hence, a reevaluation of the conservation status of the species seems warranted.
The Relationship between the Poor in Judea and Israel under Foreign Rule: Sirach 35:14-26 among Second Temple Prayers and Hymns
Authors: Gregory Bradley C. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe transition from the plight of the poor to the plight of Israel under foreign rule in Sir 35:14-26 is far smoother than is generally recognized. This is a result of a typological relationship between the poor and the identity of Israel, which is not only found in Ben Sira’s thought but is a common motif in Second Temple prayers and hymns. Attention to the content of Sir 35 as well as the larger trend in Second temple prayers and hymns helps to provide an explanation for the presence of the nationalistic prayer in chapter 36.
A Reanalysis of the 1921–30 Atlantic Hurricane Database*
Authors: Landsea Christopher W. , Feuer Steve , Hagen Andrew , Glenn David A. , Sims Jamese , Perez Ramon , Chenoweth Michael , Anderson Nicholas 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
A reanalysis of the Atlantic basin tropical storm and hurricane database (“best track”) for the period from 1921 to 1930 has been completed. This reassessment of the main archive for tropical cyclones of the North Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and Gulf of Mexico was necessary to correct systematic biases and random errors in the data as well as to search for previously unrecognized systems. The methodology for the reanalysis process for revising the track and intensity of tropical cyclone data has been detailed in a previous paper on the reanalysis. The 1921–30 dataset now includes several new tropical cyclones, excludes one system previously considered a tropical storm, makes generally large alterations in the intensity estimates of most tropical cyclones (both toward stronger and weaker intensities), and typically adjusts existing tracks with minor corrections. Average uncertainty in intensity and track values is estimated for both open-ocean conditions as well as landfalling systems. Highlights are given for changes to the more significant hurricanes to impact the United States, Central America, and the Caribbean for this decade.
Trends in joint arthroplasty litigation over five years: the British experience
Authors: Bhutta MA , Arshad MS , Hassan S , Henderson JJ 
Published: August 2011

INTRODUCTION Increasing numbers of joint arthroplasty are performed in Britain. While associated complications are well documented, it is not known which of those initiate malpractice claims. METHOD A five-year period was assessed for trends to highlight areas for further improvement in patient information and surgical management. RESULTS The National Health Service paid out almost £14 million for 598 claims. Forty per cent of this was for legal costs. The number of claims increased over time while the rate of successful claims decreased. CONCLUSIONS A failure to consent adequately and to adhere to policies and standard practice can result in a successful malpractice claim. Protecting patients intrao-peratively and maintaining high technical expertise while implementing policies and obtaining informed consent decreases the litigation burden.
Early experience with laparoscopic extralevator abdominoperineal excision within an enhanced recovery setting: analysis of short-term outcomes and quality of life
Authors: Vaughan-Shaw PG , King AT , Cheung T , Beck NE , Knight JS , Nichols PH , Nugent KP , Pilkington SA , Smallwood JA , Mirnezami AH 
Published: August 2011

INTRODUCTION Conventional abdominoperineal excision for low rectal cancer has a higher local recurrence and reduced survival compared to anterior resection. An extralevator abdominoperineal excision (ELAPE) may improve outcome through removal of increased tissue in the distal rectum. Experience with ELAPE is limited and no studies have reported on quality of life (QOL) following this procedure. We describe a minimally invasive approach to ELAPE within an enhanced recovery programme, and present short-term results and QOL analyses. METHODS All laparoscopic ELAPEs were included in a prospective database. Demographics, intra-operative and post-operative outcomes were evaluated. Postoperative QOL was assessed using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) questionnaires QLQ-C30 and QLQ-CR29. RESULTS Thirteen laparoscopic ELAPEs were performed over a two-year period. All were enrolled in an enhanced recovery programme. The median age was 76. The median tumour height was 20mm (range: 0–50mm) from the dentate line and all patients received neoadjuvant treatment. The median duration of surgery was 300 minutes (range: 120–488 minutes), the mean blood loss was 150ml and one procedure was converted to open surgery. There was no circumferential resection margin involvement or tumour perforation. The median duration of use of intravenous fluid, patient controlled analgesia and urinary catheterisation was 2, 2 and 2.5 days respectively and the median length of hospital stay was 7.5 days. Two patients developed perineal wound dehiscence. QOL analysis revealed high global health status (90.8), physical (91.3), emotional (98.3) and social functioning (100) scores, which compared favourably with EORTC reference values and published QOL scores following conventional abdominoperineal excision. CONCLUSIONS Laparoscopic ELAPE within an enhanced recovery setting is a feasible and safe approach with acceptable short-term outcomes and post-operative quality of life.
Internal hernia following total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction
Authors: Larkin JO , Cooke F , Ravi N , Reynolds JV 
Published: August 2011

Internal herniation is a well-described complication after a gastric bypass, particularly when performed laparoscopically, although it is rarely described following a total gastrectomy. A 55-year-old lady presented with a 24-hour history of vomiting and rigors 10 months after a radical total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction for a gastric adenocarcinoma. Computed tomography (CT) showed a complete small bowel obstruction and a mesenteric swirl sign, indicating a possible internal hernia. The entire small bowel was found at laparotomy to have migrated through the mesenteric defect adjacent to the site of the previous jejunojejunostomy and was dark purple and aperistaltic. The small bowel was reduced through the defect. At a second laparotomy, the small bowel looked healthy and the defect was repaired. Postoperative recovery was unremarkable. Of numerous signs described, the mesenteric swirl sign is considered the best indicator on CT of an internal hernia following Roux-en-Y reconstruction in gastric bypass surgery. A swirl sign on CT in a patient with abdominal pain should always raise the suspicion of an internal hernia.
Influenza A virus infection activates cholesterol sulfotransferase (SULT2B1b) in the lung of female C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Chen Yue , Chen Xinrong , Zhang Shunfen , Chen Guangping 
Published: August 2011

AbstractCytosolic sulfotransferases (SULTs) catalyze the sulfation of hormones, neurotransmitters, and xenobiotics, increasing their water solubility. SULTs are not only important for xenobiotic detoxification but they also play important biological roles in the regulation of the activities of various biosignaling molecules and other cellular functions. In this study, we investigated the effects of influenza A virus lung infection on the expression of SULTs in the lung, brain, and liver of female C57BL/6 mice. Our results demonstrate for the first time that SULT2B1b enzyme activity and protein expression are significantly up-regulated in the lung and brain of female mice in response to lung influenza A virus infection. Real-time quantitative PCR results are consistent with Western blot and enzymatic activity data. In mouse liver, mSULT2B1b is not significantly changed. Enzyme activities, protein expression, and mRNA expression of SULT1A1 and SULT2A1 in the lung, brain, and liver of mice were not significantly affected by the infection. The induction of SULT2B1b may be used to inactivate natural liver X receptor ligands and activate the proliferation of T cells in response to influenza A virus infection in the lung and brain of mice. Our results raise the possibility that regulation of SULT2B1b may influence acquired immune responses to infectious diseases.
Multielement Analysis of Crude Oils Using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry
Authors: Kishore Nadkarni R. A. , David Hwang J. , Young Lyman 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
In addition to the sulfur determined as a part of the crude assay, it is important to know the concentration levels of a number trace elements in crude oils. A method is described for the multielement metal analysis of crude oils using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The samples are diluted with an organic solvent before measurements. Metallo-organic compounds dissolved in organic solvents are used as calibration standards. Precision of analysis was established based on an ASTM interlaboratory study. NIST Standard Reference Materials of crude oils where available were analyzed to estimate the bias of the new test method.
Töten und Kannibalismus: Erinnerungen als politischer Diskurs in Kambodscha
Authors: Luig Ute 
Published: August 2011

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag untersucht – aus der Retrospektive gegenwärtiger Informanten – verschiedene Formen des Tötens unter der Gewaltherrschaft der Roten Khmer (1975–79), die u. a. durch kum, eine überproportionale Form der Rache motiviert war. Während dieses emotionalen Ausnahmezustandes kam es zum Herausreißen und Essen der Leber von noch lebenden Gefangenen durch die Soldaten der Roten Khmer. Während diese kannibalistische Praxis den Quellen zufolge seit Jahrhunderten bekannt ist und u. a. Funktionen des medizinischen Kannibalismus erfüllte, wird sie von den ehemals politischen Flüchtlingen, die nunmehr in Übersee leben, zur politischen Stigmatisierung der Roten Khmer benutzt. Der Text betont den transnationalen Kontext, in den lokale Erinnerungskulturen eingebunden sind und zu Formen politischer Abrechnung werden, die sich buddhistischer Symbole wie der Gedenkstupas bedienen.
comparison between Cleavage Stage versus Blastocyst Stage Embryo Transfer in an Egyptian Cohort Undergoing in vitro Fertilization: A possible Role for Laser Assisted Hatching
Authors: Hendawy Sherif F. , Raafat TA 
Published: August 2011

Background Extended in vitro embryo culture and blastocyst transfer have emerged as essential components of the advanced reproductive technology armamentarium, permitting selection of more advanced embryos considered best suited for transfer. Aim of study The aim of this study was to compare between cleavage stage and blastocyst stage embryo transfer in patients undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection, and to assess the role of assisted hatching technique in patients undergoing blastocyst transfer. Patients and methods This study was carried out on two groups. Group I: 110 patients who underwent 120 cycles of intracytoplasmic sperm injection with day 2-3 embryo transfer—for unexplained infertility or male factor within the previous 3 years. Their data obtained retrospectively from medical records. Group II: 46 age matched infertile female patients undergoing 51 intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles for similar causes. Patients in Group II were further subdivided into 2 equal subgroups; Group Ila (23 patients), which had laser assisted hatching and Group IIb (23 patients), which did not have assisted hatching. All patients had an infertility workup including basal hormonal profile, pelvic ultrasound, hysterosalpingogram and/or laparoscope and semen analysis of the patient's partner. All patients underwent controlled ovarian hyperstimulation: Using long protocol of ovulation induction. Laser assisted hatching was done for blastocysts of 23 patients. Results Comparison between both groups as regards the reproductive outcome showed a significant difference in pregnancy and implantation rates, both being higher in group II ( P < 0.05) Comparison between both subgroups as regards the reproductive outcome showed a highly significant difference in pregnancy and implantation rates, both being higher in Group IIa ( P < 0.01). There was also a significantly higher rate of multiple pregnancies among Group IIa ( P < 0.05). Conclusion Blastocyst transfer is a successful and improved alternative for patients with multiple failed in vitro fertilization attempts, associated with a significant increase in pregnancy and implantation rates. Furthermore, laser assisted hatching increases implantation and clinical pregnancy rates.
Listening and Communication Styles of Undergraduate Occupational Therapy Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Brown Ted , Boyle Malcolm , Williams Brett , Molloy Andrew , McKenna Lisa , Palermo Claire , Molloy Liz 
Published: August 2011

Background: Listening and communication are two critical aspects of positive relationships. In the context of health care, they have been found to have a positive impact on many aspects of client care, including patient satisfaction, emotional wellbeing, and functional and physiological status. However, little is understood about the specific listening and communication styles exhibited by students enrolled in the health-related disciplines, including occupational therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the listening and communication styles of undergraduate occupational therapy students. Method: This was a cross-sectional study of 210 students (response rate of 95.5%) enrolled in a Bachelor of Occupational Therapy (BOT) course, who completed paper-based versions of the Listening Styles Profile (LSP) and the Communicator Style Measure (CSM). Both the LSP and CSM are valid and reliable measures. Results: Participants reported a strong preference for the People listening style and the Friendly and Attentive communication styles. A moderate preference was also shown for the Content listening style. There were only two minor differences between participants enrolled in the different year levels of the BOT course, and only minor differences between the male and female students. Conclusion: The participants' reported preferences are well suited for the role of occupational therapy. The findings suggest that occupational therapy students exhibit a disposition towards listening and communication styles that are indicative of an underlying interest in the care and welfare of others and which are traits of the ‘helping, people-oriented’ professions. The implications of these findings are that it is important to consider the listening and communication styles of occupational therapy students during their professional education and while completing practice placement education.
Child Marriage in the United States and Its Association With Mental Health in Women
Authors: Le Strat Yann , Dubertret Caroline , Le Foll Bernard 
Published: August 2011

OBJECTIVE:
Despite the devastating impact of child marriage (marriage before the age of 18 years) on health, no study has yet evaluated its impact on mental health in the general adult population. This article presents nationally representative data on the prevalence, sociodemographic correlates, and psychiatric comorbidity of child marriage among women in the United States.

METHODS:
Data were drawn from the 2001–2002 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. We limited our analyses to the sample of women (N = 24 575) with a known age at first marriage, of whom 18 645 had been or were presently married.

RESULTS:
The prevalence of child marriage among women was 8.9%. Demographic factors associated with child marriage were black and American Indian/Alaska Native ethnicities, age at interview of &gt;45 years, low educational level, low income, and living in the South and rural areas of the United States. The overall lifetime and 12-month rates of psychiatric disorders were higher for women who married as children, compared with women who married as adults. In addition, women who married as children were more likely to seek and access health services, compared with women who married in adulthood.

CONCLUSIONS:
Child marriage increases the risk of lifetime and current psychiatric disorders in the United States. Support for psychiatric vulnerabilities among women married in childhood is required.
Diagnosis and Management of an Initial UTI in Febrile Infants and Young Children
Authors: Finnell S. Maria E. , Carroll Aaron E. , Downs Stephen M. ,   the Subcommittee on Urinary Tract Infection
Published: August 2011

OBJECTIVES:The diagnosis and management of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in young children are clinically challenging. This report was developed to inform the revised, evidence-based, clinical guideline regarding the diagnosis and management of initial UTIs in febrile infants and young children, 2 to 24 months of age, from the American Academy of Pediatrics Subcommittee on Urinary Tract Infection.METHODS:The conceptual model presented in the 1999 technical report was updated after a comprehensive review of published literature. Studies with potentially new information or with evidence that reinforced the 1999 technical report were retained. Meta-analyses on the effectiveness of antimicrobial prophylaxis to prevent recurrent UTI were performed.RESULTS:Review of recent literature revealed new evidence in the following areas. Certain clinical findings and new urinalysis methods can help clinicians identify febrile children at very low risk of UTI. Oral antimicrobial therapy is as effective as parenteral therapy in treating UTI. Data from published, randomized controlled trials do not support antimicrobial prophylaxis to prevent febrile UTI when vesicoureteral reflux is found through voiding cystourethrography. Ultrasonography of the urinary tract after the first UTI has poor sensitivity. Early antimicrobial treatment may decrease the risk of renal damage from UTI.CONCLUSIONS:Recent literature agrees with most of the evidence presented in the 1999 technical report, but meta-analyses of data from recent, randomized controlled trials do not support antimicrobial prophylaxis to prevent febrile UTI. This finding argues against voiding cystourethrography after the first UTI.
Paleoenvironmental reconstruction of a Late Quaternary lagoon system in southern Brazil (Jaguaruna region, Santa Catarina state) based on multi‐proxy analysis
Authors: Carvalho do Amaral Paula Garcia , Fonseca Giannini Paulo César , Sylvestre Florence , Ruiz Pessenda Luiz Carlos 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis paper provides a paleoenvironmental reconstruction of a Late Quaternary lagoon system in the Jaguaruna region of Santa Catarina state, southern Brazil. Integrated results of bulk sedimentary organic matter characterization (δ13C, δ15N and C/N), microfossil (pollen and diatom) and grain‐size analysis from three shallow cores (∼2.5 m depth) allowed us to propose an evolving paleogeographic scenario in this coastal region for the last ca. 5500 cal a BP. The lagoonal system in this area was more extensive during the mid‐Holocene than today, with a gradual and continuous lagoon–sea disconnection until the present. We add to the debate regarding relative sea‐level (RSL) variations for the Brazilian coast during the Holocene and discuss the importance of sedimentary dynamics for interpreting changes in coastal ecosystems. The multi‐proxy analysis suggests that changes in coastal ecosystems could be directly related to local sedimentary processes, which are not necessarily linked to RSL fluctuations and/or to climatic variations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinically relevant information from sentinel lymph node biopsies of melanoma patients
Authors: Wen Duan‐Ren , Cochran Alistair J. , Huang Rong‐Rong , Itakura Eijun , Binder Scott 
Published: August 2011

AbstractCareful laboratory evaluation of sentinel nodes (SNs) is critical to determine the presence of tumor. This requires evaluation of multiple full‐face sections from the SN, using H&E staining and immunohistochemistry. In the future, molecular and genetic approaches may be adjunctive to microscopy. Number of tumor‐positive SNs and the amount and location of tumor in SNs correlate with tumor spread to non‐sentinel nodes, subsequent recurrences and melanoma death, permitting patient assignment to a risk category. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011; 104:369–378. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.