bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plant traits affecting herbivory on tree recruits in highly diverse subtropical forests
Authors: Schuldt Andreas , Bruelheide Helge , Durka Walter , Eichenberg David , Fischer Markus , Kröber Wenzel , Härdtle Werner , Ma Keping , Michalski Stefan G. , Palm Wolf‐Ulrich , Schmid Bernhard , Welk Erik , Zhou Hongzhang , Assmann Thorsten 
Published: May 2012

AbstractDifferences in herbivory among woody species can greatly affect the functioning of forest ecosystems, particularly in species‐rich (sub)tropical regions. However, the relative importance of the different plant traits which determine herbivore damage remains unclear. Defence traits can have strong effects on herbivory, but rarely studied geographical range characteristics could complement these effects through evolutionary associations with herbivores. Herein, we use a large number of morphological, chemical, phylogenetic and biogeographical characteristics to analyse interspecific differences in herbivory on tree saplings in subtropical China. Unexpectedly, we found no significant effects of chemical defence traits. Rather, herbivory was related to the plants' leaf morphology, local abundance and climatic niche characteristics, which together explained 70% of the interspecific variation in herbivory in phylogenetic regression. Our study indicates that besides defence traits and apparency to herbivores, previously neglected measures of large‐scale geographical host distribution are important factors influencing local herbivory patterns among plant species.
Dreams from Elsewhere: Muslim subjectivities beyond the trope of self‐cultivation
Authors: MITTERMAIER AMIRA 
Published: May 2012

Drawing on dream stories from a Sufi community in Egypt, this article probes the limits of the paradigm of self‐cultivation which has come to be widely employed in the anthropology of Islam. While the concept of self‐cultivation has complicated the equation of agency and resistance, its emphasis on intentionality and deliberate action obscures other modes of religiosity that centre neither on acting within nor on acting against but on being acted upon. Far from reaffirming a self‐cultivating subject, narratives of visitational and divinely inspired dreams are profound reminders of the unpredictability of divine interventions and the contingency of life itself. Through an analysis of Egyptian dream narratives and in conversation with anthropological literatures on an ethics of passion, this article traces a relational understanding of subjectivity which poses an even more radical challenge to the liberal model of the autonomous self than do practices of self‐cultivation.RésuméÀ partir des récits de rêves d'une communauté soufie égyptienne, le présent article explore les limites du paradigme du développement personnel que l'on rencontre largement aujourd'hui dans l'anthropologie de l'islam. En même temps que ce concept de culture de soi compliquait l'équation de l'agencyet de la résistance, l'accent mis sur l'intentionnalité et l'action délibérée a occulté d'autres modes de religiosité qui ne sont centrés ni sur l'action « dans », ni sur l'action « contre » mais sur le fait de subir une action. Au lieu de corroborer l'idée d'un sujet qui se cultiverait lui‐même, les récits de rêves de visitation et d'inspiration divine rappellent fortement l'imprévisibilité des interventions divines et la contingence de la vie humaine. Par l'analyse de ces récits de rêves recueillis en Égypte et en dialogue avec la littérature anthropologique consacrée à l'éthique de la passion, cet article retrace une appréhension relationnelle de la subjectivité qui remet en question le modèle libéral du soi autonome, encore plus radicalement que ne le font les pratiques de développement personnel.
Horse versus machine: battles in the betting shop
Authors: CASSIDY REBECCA 
Published: May 2012

Changes in regulation and taxation during the past decade have had a profound effect on the experience of betting in dedicated shops in the United Kingdom. This article explores how betting shop customers and staff in London have responded to the introduction of gambling machines depicting roulette and other casino‐type games in an environment that was traditionally dedicated to betting on horse and dog racing. The rise of machine gambling has been presented as a transition from ‘social’ to ‘asocial’ forms of gambling by researchers working in the UK, Las Vegas, and Australia. Traditional bettors and betting shop staff also present betting and machine play as discrete and value them differently. I show that while some of the experiential qualities of machine play observed elsewhere have been replicated in shops, the differences between traditional betting and machine play are overstated, for structural reasons. Traditional bettors and staff are interested in distinguishing their activities from those of newcomers. Responses to new gambling media in betting shops are socially, as well as experientially, mediated, a crucial insight for the wider study of gambling and gambling regulation.RésuméL'évolution de la réglementation et de la taxation des paris a eu depuis une dizaine d'année de profonds effets sur l'expérience des parieurs dans les officines du Royaume‐Uni. Le présent article étudie la réaction des clients et du personnel de bureaux de paris londoniens à l'apparition des machines proposant des jeux de roulette et autres jeux de casino dans un environnement traditionnellement dévolu aux paris sur les courses de chevaux et de chiens. Au Royaume‐Uni, à Las Vegas et en Australie, des chercheurs ont présenté l'essor des machines de jeux comme le passage de formes de jeu « sociales »à d'autres « asociales ». Les parieurs traditionnels et les employés des bureaux de paris considèrent eux aussi les paris et les jeux sur machines comme deux activités distinctes et de valeur différente. L'auteure montre ici qu'une partie des qualités de l'expérience du jeu sur machines observées ailleurs se retrouvent dans les bureaux de paris, mais que les auteurs ont exagéré les différences entre paris traditionnels et jeux sur machines, pour des raisons structurelles. Les parieurs traditionnels et les employés ont intérêt à distinguer leurs activités de celles des nouveaux venus. La réponse aux nouveaux modes de jeu dans les bureaux de paris, médiée socialement mais aussi par l'expérience, est très instructive pour l'étude plus large des jeux de paris et de leur réglementation.
Negotiating impartial indicators: putting transparency into practice in the EU
Authors: THEDVALL RENITA 
Published: May 2012

Over the last twenty years, statistics and indicators have come to be closely associated with the notion of transparency. The argument is based on a view that indicators make policy outcomes transparent, as objectively revealed in statistical diagrams and tables. Indicators are, however, politically and culturally loaded. This becomes especially evident in an international organization such as the European Union (EU). The article shows that the production of EU statistics is characterized by a practice of transparency wherein EU bureaucrats must handle two seemingly incompatible logics. There is bureaucratic logic, which refers to the indicators that are seen as representing reality – objective and politically neutral. Running parallel is the logic of cultural intimacy, in which the material that is made transparent is based upon what an EU member state wants to keep to itself and not reveal to the entire EU. This practice enables the quest for politically neutral indicators to live on, while at the same time providing room for politically and culturally negotiated indicators.RésuméDepuis une vingtaine d'années, statistiques et indicateurs sont intimement liés à la notion de transparence. L'idée est que les indicateurs rendraient les résultats des politiques transparents en les révélant objectivement par le biais de graphiques et de tableaux statistiques. Pourtant, les indicateurs sont eux‐mêmes porteurs d'une charge politique et culturelle, comme on le constate notamment dans les organisations internationales telles que l'Union européenne (UE). Le présent article montre que la production des statistiques européennes est caractérisée par une pratique de la transparence qui oblige les « eurocrates »à concilier deux logiques apparemment incompatibles. D'une part, la logique bureaucratique veut que les indicateurs observés représentent une réalité objective et politiquement neutre. D'autre part, parallèlement, la logique de l'intimité culturelle veut que les informations rendues transparentes soient issues de ce qu'un État membre veut garder par‐devers soi et non révéler à l'UE toute entière. Cette pratique permet la poursuite de la quête d'indicateurs politiquement neutres tout en laissant un espace pour des indicateurs négociés au niveau politique et culturel.
Disjunctive comparison: citizenship and trade unionism in Bolivia and Argentina
Authors: LAZAR SIAN 
Published: May 2012

In this essay I undertake an ethnographic analysis of the notion of comparison through a discussion of comparative research on the role of trade unions in the constitution of citizenship in El Alto, Bolivia, and in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Based on fieldwork with street traders in El Alto and public‐sector workers in Buenos Aires, the essay introduces the notion of ‘disjunctive comparison’ as an intrinsically anthropological mode of comparison. The article then puts into play my propositions about the specificity and validity of disjunctive comparison, by way of an ethnographic exploration of union membership as a creation of self and political agency. I conclude by connecting that analysis of self and political agency to citizenship in my two fieldwork sites.RésuméLe présent essai constitue une analyse ethnographique de la notion de comparaison à travers l'examen d'une recherche comparative sur le rôle des syndicats dans la constitution de la citoyennetéà El Alto, en Bolivie, et à Buenos Aires en Argentine. À partir d'un travail de terrain mené auprès des marchands de rue à El Alto et des employés du secteur public à Buenos Aires, l'auteure introduit la notion de « comparaison disjonctive » comme mode de comparaison intrinsèquement anthropologique. L'article met ensuite en application ses propositions sur la spécificité et la validité de la comparaison disjonctive, par le biais d'une exploration ethnographique de l'appartenance syndicale comme mode de création du soi et de l'agencéité politique. L'auteure conclut en reliant cette analyse du soi et de l'agencyà la citoyenneté sur ses deux sites de terrain.
Occupy economic anthropology
Authors: MAURER BILL 
Published: May 2012

What does it mean to ‘do’ economic anthropology, now, in the wake of the financial crisis and the re‐energizing of public discussion over the nature of debt, credit, speculation, and inequality? Two recent books offer signal insights. This essay suggests they also point towards a specific kind of lingering that may be politically and analytically useful: an occupation of a uniquely anthropological kind.RésuméQue signifie « faire » de l'anthropologie économique aujourd'hui, dans le sillage de la crise financière et de la reprise du débat public sur la nature de la dette, du crédit, de la spéculation et des inégalités ? Deux ouvrages récents donnent un éclairage sur cette question. Le présent essai suggère qu'ils pointent en outre une manière particulière de « s'indigner » qui pourrait être utile du point de vue politique aussi bien qu'analytique : une indignation d'un genre spécifiquement anthropologique.
Analysing Censored Longitudinal Data with Non-Ignorable Missing Values: Depression in Older Age
Authors: Falcaro Milena , Pendleton Neil , Pickles Andrew 
Published: May 2012

SummaryMissing values are common in cohort studies of the elderly. As part of a study of cognition in older age, we implemented a model for the analysis of longitudinal depression data complicated by the presence of non-ignorable missing values, censored measurements and individually varying times of observation. The repeated measures and non-response mechanisms are jointly modelled by assuming that they depend on a common underlying process. The results of our analysis suggest that both depression and non-response increase with age and that women have systematically higher depression scores than men but do not have higher levels of study non-participation.
Assessing the Accuracy of Non-Random Business Conditions Surveys: A Novel Approach
Authors: de Munnik Daniel , Illing Mark , Dupuis David 
Published: May 2012

SummaryA number of central banks and other institutions publish their own business conditions surveys that rely on complex non-probability sampling methods. The results of these surveys influence policy decisions and affect expectations in financial markets. To date, no one has assessed the accuracy of these surveys because their complex (and often unique) sampling method renders this assessment non-trivial. The paper describes a novel approach for modelling unique sampling methods when many constraints (including quota sampling and clustering) are imposed. When no closed form solution exists, we show how to compute the selection probabilities from each firm in the known population and the dispersion of the sampling distribution by using Monte Carlo techniques. This method can also be used to assess the appropriateness of a survey sample size. Our approach is applicable to many major surveys conducted by various central banks and institutes across the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. To demonstrate the feasibility of our approach, we apply it to the Bank of Canada’s ‘Business outlook survey’. Although the survey’s coverage is significantly limited, we find, under certain assumptions, no evidence that the Bank of Canada’s firm selection process results in a wider dispersion in the sampling distribution than the stratified random sample.
AGAINST PERIODIZATION: KOSELLECK'S THEORY OF MULTIPLE TEMPORALITIES
Authors: JORDHEIM HELGE 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTIn this essay I intend to flesh out and discuss what I consider to be the groundbreaking contribution by the German historian and theorist of history Reinhart Koselleck to postwar historiography: his theory of historical times. I begin by discussing the view, so prominent in the Anglophone context, that Koselleck's idea of the plurality of historical times can be grasped only in terms of a plurality of historical periods in chronological succession, and hence, that Koselleck's theory of historical times is in reality a theory of periodization. Against this interpretation, to be found in works by Kathleen Davis, Peter Osborne, and Lynn Hunt, among others, I will argue that not only is Koselleck's theory of historical times, or, with a more phenomenlogical turn of phrase, his theory of multiple temporalities, not a theory of periodization, it is, furthermore, a theory developed to defy periodization. Hence, at the core of Koselleck's work is the attempt to replace the idea of linear, homogeneous time with a more complex, heterogeneous, and multilayered notion of temporality. In this essay I will demonstrate how this shift is achieved by means of three dichotomies: between natural and historical, extralinguistic and intralinguistic, and diachronic and synchronic time.
Dissolved gases in brackish thermal waters: an improved analytical method
Authors: LIOTTA M. , MARTELLI M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAn improved method based on equilibrium partitioning between water samples and an inert host gas, introduced after sampling, is proposed for determining multiple species of dissolved gases in brackish water. The method itself, and the most convenient equations for describing gas solubilities in brackish waters, is described in detail. The method allows the rapid characterization of several sites and represents a useful tool for geochemical surveys. A comparison between replicate samples analyzed using different procedures demonstrates the efficiency of the method and indicates that the abundances of the main dissolved gases can be obtained, which can then be used to determine underlying geochemical processes. A Microsoft Excel worksheet is provided to easily calculate the concentration of dissolved gas species.
Intersexual differences in body shape and locomotor performance in the aquatic frog, Xenopus tropicalis
Authors: Herrel A. , Gonwouo L. N. , Fokam E. B. , Ngundu W. I. , Bonneaud C. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractDimorphisms between the sexes are common in vertebrates and may reflect the divergent selective pressures operating on each sex. For example, in species where males do not show territory defense or pronounced male–male combat, females are typically larger than males as fecundity selection will favor large female body size. This is often the case in frogs where male–male competition is limited to calling behavior. Yet, whether differences in reproductive strategies between the two sexes are reflected in shape dimorphisms, and how those differences in shape may affect relevant whole‐organism performance traits, remains poorly studied. Here we use Xenopus tropicalis frogs to test for intersexual differences in body size, body shape and locomotor performance traits. Our results show that females are larger than males, but that males have relatively longer limbs and heads than females. In absolute terms, males and females perform equally well at different locomotor tasks (burst performance and maximal exertion capacity). Yet, for a given body size, males have a higher exertion capacity than females. Increased exertion capacity in males is likely the consequence of their relatively longer limbs and may reflect selection on locomotor capacity in males to compensate for their smaller absolute body size.
Dietary intake of unsaturated fatty acids modulates physiological properties of entorhinal cortex neurons in mice
Authors: Arsenault Dany , Julien Carl , Chen Chuck T. , Bazinet Richard P. , Calon Frédéric 
Published: May 2012

J. Neurochem. (2012) 122, 427–443.AbstractDietary lipids modify brain fatty acid profile, but evidence of their direct effect on neuronal function is sparse. The enthorinal cortex (EC) neurons connecting to the hippocampus play a critical role in learning and memory. Here, we have exposed mice to diets based on canola:soybean oils (40 : 10, g/kg) or safflower : corn oils (25 : 25, g/kg) to investigate the relationship between the lipid profile of brain fatty acids and the intrinsic properties of EC neurons. Consumption of canola : soybean oil‐enriched diet led to the increase of the monounsaturated fatty acid oleic acid and to a decrease of arachidonic acid in ethanolamine glycerophospholipids of the white matter. We also found an important rise in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) within ethanolamine glycerophospholipids and phosphatidylserine of gray matter. The canola:soybean oil treatment led to a shorter duration of action potential (−21%), a reduction in the duration of postsynaptic response (−21%) and increased firing activity (+43%). Data from additional experiments with animals fed DHA alone or DHA with canola oil suggested that dietary monounsaturated fatty acid may have contributed to these effects on EC neuron physiology. Since neuronal function within the enthorhinal‐hippocampal loop is critical to learning and memory processes, the present data may provide a functional basis for the beneficial cognitive effects of canola oil‐based diets.
Wnt‐4 potently inhibits capillary outgrowth from rat aorta in 3D culture
Authors: Jover Bernard , Girardot Daphné , de Courtois Roy de Vacquières Françoise , Casellas Daniel , Molès Jean‐Pierre 
Published: May 2012

AbstractRegulation of angiogenesis involves tight cell‐to‐cell and cell‐to‐extracellular‐matrix interactions. Various reports demonstrate that the Wnt signaling pathways participate in this regulation. Using a three‐dimensional aortic ring culture combined with an ex vivo retroviral infection approach, we evaluated the effects of two Wnt growth factors, Wnt‐1 and Wnt‐4, on the formation and growth of new capillaries. Our results show that Wnt‐1 had no effect, whereas Wnt‐4 was a potent inhibitor of capillary outgrowth in vitro.
Evaluation of a 15‐weekCHOPprotocol for the treatment of canine multicentric lymphoma
Authors: Burton J. H. , Garrett‐Mayer E. , Thamm D. H. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractDose intenseCHOPprotocols have been shown to improve outcome for people with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma, but evaluation of dose intenseCHOPprotocols for canine lymphoma is currently limited. The hypothesis of this retrospective study was that a 15‐week dose intenseCHOPprotocol would have shorter treatment duration with similar efficacy to other doxorubicin‐based multidrug protocols. Thirty‐one client owned dogs with multicentric lymphoma were treated with a 15‐weekCHOPchemotherapy protocol with an overall response rate of 100% and a median progression‐free interval (PFI) of 140 days [95% confidence interval (CI) 91–335 days]. Dogs that had two or more treatment delays had significantly prolongedPFIand overall survival in multivariate analysis. Dose intensity did not correlate with patient outcome. Dogs experiencing multiple treatment delays secondary to adverse events may receive their individual maximally tolerated dose while dogs with no adverse events may be underdosed. Future studies should focus on individual patient dose optimization.
“Writing History in the Digital Age”: The New Qing History Project and the Digitization of Qing Archives
Authors: Mao Liping , Ma Zhao 
Published: May 2012

AbstractSince 2003, the Qing History Committee has been allocating huge funds to digitize a total number of 34 archival holdings and to build a password‐protected archival database of over 1.5 million files. Because the database is currently only open to researchers who are affiliated with the Qing history project, international scholars might not be aware of its existence. This article intends to offer an overview of the scope and progress of the digitization works funded by the Qing History Committee and the structure and content of the database. We would also like to share our experience of using this database to organize archival files.