bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of pregnancy termination and associated factors among married women in Papua New Guinea: a nationally representative cross-sectional survey
Authors: Maviso McKenzie , Aines Paula Z. , Potjepat Gracelyn P. , Geregl Nancy , Mola Glen D.L. , Bolnga John W. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundPregnancy termination or induced abortion is not decriminalized, and access to safe abortion services is largely unavailable in Papua New Guinea (PNG). However, the practice is common throughout the country. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and determine factors associated with pregnancy termination among married women aged 15–49 in PNG.MethodsSecondary data from the 2016–2018 PNG Demographic and Health Survey (PNGDHS) was used. A total weighted samples of 6,288 married women were included. Complex Sample Analysis method was used to account for the cluster design and sample weight of the study. Chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression were used to assess factors associated with pregnancy termination. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) were reported.ResultsThe prevalence of pregnancy termination was 5.3%. Nearly half (45.2%) of all pregnancy terminations occurred in the Highlands region. Women aged 35–44 years (aOR = 8.54; 95% CI: 1.61–45.26), not working (aOR = 6.17; 95% CI: 2.26–16.85), owned a mobile phone (aOR = 3.77; 95% CI: 1.60–8.84), and lived in urban areas (aOR = 5.66; 95% CI: 1.91–16.81) were more likely to terminate a pregnancy. Women who experienced intimate partner violence (IPV) were 2.27 times (aOR = 2.27; 95% CI: 1.17–4.41) more likely to terminate a pregnancy compared to those who did not experience IPV. Women with unplanned pregnancies were 6.23 times (aOR = 6.23; 95% CI: 2.61–14.87) more likely to terminate a pregnancy. Women who knew about modern contraceptive methods and made independent decisions for contraceptive use were 3.38 and 2.54 times (aOR = 3.38; 95% CI: 1.39–8.18 and aOR = 2.54; 95% CI: 1.18–5.45, respectively) more likely to terminate a pregnancy.ConclusionThe findings highlight the role of sociodemographic and maternal factors in pregnancy termination among married women in PNG. Maternal age, occupation, mobile phone ownership, place of residence, IPV, unplanned pregnancy, knowledge of modern contraceptive methods, and decision-maker for contraceptive use were significantly associated with pregnancy termination. Efforts aimed at reducing unplanned pregnancies and terminations should focus on improving easy access to contraceptives and comprehensive sexual and reproductive health education for married couples. Post-abortion care should also be integrated into the country’s legal framework and added as an important component of existing sexual and reproductive health services.
Bionnica: A Deep Neural Network Architecture for Colorectal Polyps’ Premalignancy Risk Evaluation
Authors: Babuc Diogen , Ivaşcu Todor , Ardelean Melania , Onchiş Darian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe third most prevalent cancer nowadays is colorectal cancer. Colonoscopy is an important procedure in the stage of detection of polyps’ malignancy because it helps in early identification and establishes effective therapy. This paper explores specific deep-learning architectures for the binary classification of colorectal polyps and considers the evaluation of their premalignancy risk. The main scope is to create a custom-based deep learning architecture that classifies adenomatous, hyperplastic, and serrated polyps’ samples into benign and premalignant based on images from the colonoscopic dataset. Each image’s output is modified through masked autoencoders which enhance the classification performance of the proposed model, calledBionnica. From the four evaluated state-of-the-art deep learning models (ZF NET, VGG-16, AlexNet, and ResNet-50), our experiments showed that ResNet-50 and ZF NET are most accurate (above 84%), with ResNet-50 excelling at indicating patients with premalignant colorectal polyps (above 92%). ZF NET is the fastest at handling 700 images. Our proposed deep learning model,Bionnica, is more performant than ZF NET and provides an efficient classification of colorectal polyps given its simple structure. The advantage of our model comes from the custom enhancement interpretability with a rule-based layer that guides the learning process and supports medical personnel in their decisions.
Health Security Across the Spectrum: Exploring the Impact of Socioeconomic Factors on Health Insurance Uptake in India
Authors: Chatterjee Madhubrota , Aditya Alok , Choudhary Prashant Kumar 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTTo ensure that healthcare services are accessible, health insurance is receiving increased amounts of attention in debates among health experts. The current disease pattern has forced people to rely on intensive care, which has increased both the cost of treatment and the frequency of accessing healthcare facilities. This paper has focused on various socioeconomic and demographic determinants of choice that are important for ensuring the use of various types of health insurance schemes or programs among the older population in India. Using the Longitudinal Survey of Aging in India (LASI) Wave-1 2020 data, the total sample used for this study included 66,658 elderly individuals aged 45 years and older. Both binary association and multinomial logistic regression were employed to examine the associations of all the socioeconomic and demographic determinants with people having and not having access to different health insurance. The findings showed that there is a greater incidence of government health insurance than of community, employer, or private health insurance among people in all categories based on demographic, geographical, economic distribution, and health status, with chronic diseases showing some impact on people choosing to be insured. This study recommends that policy actions be taken to make the health insurance market transparent and reduce the chances of failure.Contributions to the literatureThe current epidemiological transition, along with the prospective demographic transition of more people in later stages of life that India is currently facing and will experience in the coming decades, has raised severe concerns about the accessibility of healthcare services.Knowing the factors and reasons for choosing certain health insurance schemes is highly important for tracing the actual lags in the Indian health insurance market and will help policymakers formulate health insurance policies.The need to make the Indian health insurance market transparent.reducing the chances of failure of health insurance schemes
Investigating Genetic and Familial Risks in Childhood ALL: A Longitudinal Virtual Study Using aiHumanoid Simulations of TEL-AML1 Gene Fusion
Authors: Danter WR 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAcute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood cancer, presenting significant challenges in early diagnosis and effective treatment. Recent advances in gene profiling have identified a pivotal role for the TEL-AML1 (ETV6-RUNX1) gene fusion, present in about one quarter of pediatric ALL cases. This gene fusion is often associated with a more benign course and requires additional genetic abnormalities known asSecond Hits, to cause overt leukemia. Our current study utilizes Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs) to model the intricate genetic interplays and potential progression paths of ALL in children, focusing on those with the TEL-AML1 gene fusion within a familial leukemia context.In this virtual longitudinal study, we leverage cohorts of aiHumanoid simulations to explore the foundational role of the TEL-AML1 fusion gene in the genesis of ALL, examining its impact when combined with a family history of leukemia. The simulations predict how genetic and environmental factors might influence disease onset and progression, providing a platform for early diagnosis and progression monitoring.Our findings suggest that family history significantly increases the risk and modifies the disease course in carriers of the TEL-AML1 fusion gene, indicating a need for targeted surveillance and potential early interventions in these high-risk groups.
Internalizing Psychiatric Symptoms in People with Mosaicism for Trisomy 21
Authors: Brown Ruth C. , D’Aguilar Allison , Hurshman Quinn , NailorZee Rebekah , York Timothy P. , Capone George , Amstadter Ananda B. , Jackson-Cook Colleen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPeople with mosaicism for trisomy 21 have been shown to exhibit the many of same phenotypic traits present in people with non-mosaic Down syndrome, but with varying symptom severity. However, the behavioral phenotype of people with mosaic Down syndrome (mDS) has not been well characterized. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of self-report and caregiver-report symptoms of depression and anxiety among a sample of 62 participants with mDS aged 12 - 46, and assess their association with the percentage of trisomy 21 in blood and/or buccal mucosa cells. The results showed that 53% of the participants reported clinically significant depression symptoms and 76% reported clinically significant anxiety symptoms. No clear associations were observed between the percentage of trisomic cells and total anxiety or depression, but a significant positive association between the proband-reported specific fears subscale and the percentage of trisomic cells in buccal specimens was detected (r= .43,p= .007). This study highlights the high occurrence of depression and anxiety symptoms in individuals with mDS and the need for routine assessment to optimize their care. It also demonstrates the ability of people with mDS to complete these evaluations, thereby supporting their inclusion in research studies/clinical trials.
Clinical phenotype and management of sound-induced pain: Insights from adults with pain hyperacusis
Authors: Jahn Kelly N. , Kashiwagura Sean Takamoto , Yousuf Muhammad Saad 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTPain hyperacusis, also known as noxacusis, causes physical pain in response to everyday sounds that do not bother most people. How sound causes excruciating pain that can last for weeks or months in otherwise healthy individuals is not well understood, resulting in a lack of effective treatments. To address this gap, we identified the most salient physical and psychosocial consequences of debilitating sound-induced pain and reviewed the interventions that sufferers have sought for pain relief to gain insights into the underlying mechanisms of the condition. Adults (n= 32) with pain hyperacusis attended a virtual focus group to describe their sound-induced pain. They completed three surveys to identify common symptoms and themes that defined their condition and to describe their use of pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical therapies for pain relief. All participants endorsed negative effects of pain hyperacusis on psychosocial and physical function. Most reported sound-induced burning (80.77%), stabbing (76.92%), throbbing (73.08%), and pinching (53.85%) that occurs either in the ear or elsewhere in the body (i.e., referred pain). Participants reported using numerous pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions to alleviate their pain with varying degrees of pain relief. Benzodiazepines and nerve blockers emerged as the most effective analgesic options while non-pharmaceutical therapies were largely ineffective. Symptoms of pain hyperacusis and therapeutic approaches are largely consistent with peripheral mechanistic theories of pain hyperacusis (e.g., trigeminal nerve involvement). An interdisciplinary approach to clinical studies and the development of animal models is needed to identify, validate, and treat the pathological mechanisms of pain hyperacusis.
Co-isolation ofPenicillium citrinumand its cell-switching partnerMeyerozyma guilliermondiifrom a geothermal power plant
Authors: Bregnard Danaé , Cailleau Guillaume , van Zonneveld Wart , Regenspurg Simona , Bindschedler Saskia , Junier Pilar 
Published: June 2024

AbstractProgresses in geothermal energy and deep drilling technologies have opened a new window into the terrestrial subsurface. This provides direct access to deep geothermal fluids used to produce heat and electricity, creating an opportunity to isolate and characterize novel microbial strains from these extreme habitats. In this study, we report the co-isolation of two fungal strains.Penicillium citrinum(strain HEK1) was isolated first and thought to be axenic. However, upon exposure to stress (frost and ethanol), a second strain, corresponding to the dimorphic yeastMeyerozyma guilliermondii(strain HEK2), appeared in HEK1 cultures. Strain HEK2 appeared first in the cultures and was followed by the subsequent re-growth of strain HEK1, underscoring their close relationship. Moreover, strain HEK2, able to switch from yeast cells to pseudohyphae when growing alone, did not produce pseudohyphae when in direct contact with strain HEK1. Altogether, our results indicate an intricate interaction between these strains that may allow them to thrive in the deep subsurface. These two fungi represent the first fungal strains isolated from deep geothermal fluids. Their presence within the fluids was confirmed through molecular analysis. The isolation of these strains emphasizes the importance of considering fungi when investigating microbial diversity in subsurface geothermal environments.Graphical abstractHighlightsFirst fungal strains isolated from a geothermal power plantThe two fungal strains were co-isolated from a geothermal fluid used for heat productionSurprising isolation of the cell-switching yeast upon stress exposure of an apparently axenic culture of the filamentous fungusFungal strains with high resistance to stressors and no apparent competition for carbon sources
Phagolysosomes break down the membrane of a non-apoptotic corpse independent of macroautophagy
Authors: Kolli Shruti , Kline Cassidy J. , Rad Kimya M. , Wehman Ann M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCell corpses must be cleared in an efficient manner to maintain tissue homeostasis and regulate immune responses. Ubiquitin-like Atg8/LC3 family proteins promote the degradation of membranes and internal cargo during both macroautophagy and corpse clearance, raising the question how macroautophagy contributes to corpse clearance. Studying the clearance of non-apoptotic dying polar bodies inCaenorhabditis elegansembryos, we show that the LC3 ortholog LGG-2 is enriched in the polar body phagolysosome independent of membrane association or autophagosome formation. We demonstrate that ATG-16.1 and ATG-16.2, which promote membrane association of lipidated Atg8/LC3 proteins, redundantly promote polar body membrane breakdown in phagolysosomes independent of their role in macroautophagy. We also show that the lipid scramblase ATG-9 is needed for autophagosome formation in early embryos but is dispensable for timely polar body membrane breakdown or protein cargo degradation. These findings demonstrate that macroautophagy is not required to promote polar body degradation, in contrast to recent findings with apoptotic corpse clearance inC. elegansembryos. Determining how membrane association of Atg8/LC3 promotes the breakdown of different types of cell corpses in distinct cell types or metabolic states is likely to give insights into the mechanisms of immunoregulation during normal development, physiology, and disease.
A failure to discriminate social from non-social touch at the circuit level may underlie social avoidance in autism
Authors: Chari Trishala , Hernandez Ariana , Couto João , Portera-Cailliau Carlos 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTSocial touch is critical for communication and to impart emotions and intentions. However, certain autistic individuals experience aversion to social touch, especially when it is unwanted. We used a novel social touch assay and Neuropixels probes to compare neural responses to social vs. non-social interactions in three relevant brain regions: vibrissal somatosensory cortex, tail of striatum, and basolateral amygdala. We find that wild type (WT) mice showed aversion to repeated presentations of an inanimate object but not of another mouse. Cortical neurons cared most about touch context (social vs. object) and showed a preference for social interactions, while striatal neurons changed their preference depending on whether mice could choose or not to interact. Amygdalar and striatal neurons were preferentially modulated by forced object touch, which was the most aversive. In contrast, theFmr1knockout (KO) model of autism found social and non-social interactions equally aversive and displayed more aversive facial expressions to social touch when it invaded their personal space. Importantly, whenFmr1KO mice could choose to interact, neurons in all three regions did not discriminate social valence. Thus, a failure to differentially encode social from non-social stimuli at the circuit level may underlie social avoidance in autism.
Nuclear quantum effect on the elasticity of ice VII under pressure: A path-integral molecular dynamics study
Authors: Tsuchiya Jun , Shiga Motoyuki , Tsuneyuki Shinji , Thompson Elizabeth C. 
Published: June 2024

We investigate the effect of nuclear quantum effects (NQEs) of hydrogen atoms on the elasticity of ice VII at high pressure and ambient-temperature conditions using path-integral molecular dynamics (PIMD) calculations. We find that the NQEs of hydrogen contribute to the transition of ice VII from a static disordered structure to a dynamically disordered structure at pressures exceeding 40 GPa. This transition is characterized by a nonlinear increase in the elastic constants. A comparison of molecular dynamics, and PIMD calculations shows that NQEs increase the elastic constants of ice by about 20% at 70 GPa and 300 K.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Assessing the relationship between mobile devices usage, self-efficacy and online information seeking behavior: a demographic analysis in academic rural context
Authors: Waqas Muhammad , Rafiq Sadaf , Ya Chen , Wu Jiang 
Published: June 2024

PurposeIn recent years, the use of mobile devices for academic persistence has grown to be an indispensable element of students’ learning, highlighting the broad acceptance and adaptability of mobile technology in learning environments. The current study examines how college students in rural areas use mobile devices and how self-efficacious they are when seeking online information. Additionally, the study investigated the connection between mobile devices usage (MDU), mobile devices self-efficacy (MDSE) and online information seeking behavior (OISB) on the basis of demographic differences.Design/methodology/approachA quantitative research design was used by deploying a five-point Likert scale for measurement, Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) v.26 was used for data analysis. A variety of statistical methodologies, including t-tests, ANOVA and correlation coefficients, were conducted to inspect and assess MDU, MDSE and OISB across gender and age groups. Data from 331 students at the public sector college in a rural region was gathered using a questionnaire. A total of 315 legitimate replies were received.FindingsThe study's conclusions showed that the respondents used their mobile devices for educational purposes less frequently. Nonetheless, the respondents' degrees of MDSE and OISB appear to be high. Furthermore, a strong link was demonstrated among the MDU, MDSE and OISB. On the contrary, there was a negative correlation link between MDU and both MDSE & OISB, while a positive correlation between MDSE and OISB was found. The results also showed substantial variance in all research components based on age and gender, indicating that male and younger respondents performed more efficiently than female and adult respondents.Originality/valueThese results indicate that information literacy guidelines and a variety of educational initiatives should be put together by the government, educational policymakers, librarians and educators, with a focus on how to use mobile devices for learning and information seeking. This will make it possible for students to more efficiently find the information using their portable devices.
The determinants and consequences of board multiple directorships
Authors: Fayad Abdallah A.S. , Khatib Saleh F.A. , Abbas Alhamzah F. , Ghaleb Belal Ali Abdulraheem , Mousa Ali K.A. 
Published: June 2024

Purpose
This systematic literature review investigates the phenomenon of board multiple directorships and its implications for corporate governance and organisational performance.

Design/methodology/approach
The study adopts a systematic approach, which involves identifying and analysing relevant research papers on board multiple directorships. This study synthesises the latest research findings to gain insights into the determinants and consequences of multiple directorships. The sample literature was collected from the Scopus database from year 2000 till 2023.

Findings
The review reveals several key findings. Firstly, multiple directorships have both positive and negative implications for corporate governance. They can bring value by providing directors access to valuable information and resources from different companies, enhancing board functions and improving firm performance. However, there is a concern that overworked directors may not effectively fulfil their fiduciary responsibilities on any board, compromising their monitoring abilities.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by comprehensively reviewing multiple board directorships research and their impact on organisations. This study synthesises the latest research findings and offers valuable insights into the determinants and consequences of this practice. Also, this study highlights the need for effective corporate governance practices that balance multiple directorships’ benefits and potential drawbacks. The study also identifies research themes and suggests potential areas for future research, contributing to the advancement of understanding in board multiple directorships.