bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Day-Night Side Cooling of a Strongly Irradiated Giant Planet
Authors: Budaj Ján , Burrows Adam , Hubeny Ivan 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe internal heat loss or cooling of a planet determines its structure and evolution. We address in a consistent fashion the coupling between the day and the night sides by means of model atmosphere calculations with heat redistribution. We assume that a strong convection leads to the same entropy on the day and night side and that the gravity is the same on both hemispheres. We argue that the core cooling rate from the two hemispheres of a strongly irradiated planet may not be the same and that the difference depends on several important parameters. If the day-night heat redistribution is very effective, or if it takes place at a large optical depth, then the day-side and the night-side cooling may be comparable. However, if the day-night heat transport is not effective, or if it takes place at a shallow optical depth, then there can be a big difference between the day-side and the night-side cooling and the night side may cool more effectively. If the stellar irradiation gets stronger e.g. due to the stellar evolution or migration, this will reduce both the day and the night side cooling. Enhanced metallicity in the atmosphere acts as a “blanket” and reduces both the day- and the night-side cooling. However, the stratosphere on the day side of the planet can enhance the day-side cooling since its opacity acts as a “shield” which screens the stellar irradiation. These results might affect the well known gravity darkening and bolometric albedo effects in interacting binaries, especially for strongly irradiated cold objects.
Surface Brightness Variation of the Contact Binary SW Lac: Clues From Doppler Imaging
Authors: Şenavcı Hakan Volkan 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn this study, we present the preliminary light curve analysis of the contact binary SW Lac, using B, V light curves of the system spanning 2 years (2009 - 2010). During the spot modeling process, we used the information coming from the Doppler maps of the system, which was performed using the high resolution and phase dependent spectra obtained at the 2.1m Otto Struve Telescope of the McDonald Observatory, in 2009. The results showed that the spot modeling from the light curve analysis are in accordance with the Doppler maps, while the non-circular spot modeling technique is needed in order to obtain much better and reliable spot models.
Panel Discussion III
Authors: Allard F. , Batten A. , Budding E. , Devinney E. , Eggleton P. , Hatzes A. , Hubeny I. , Kley W. , Lammer H. , Linnell A. , Trimble V. , Wilson R. E. 
Published: April 2012

I. Hubeny Does anyone from the panel have a theme question to start with today?V. Trimble It's another one-liner: From an active galaxy meeting many years ago when people talked about spiral structure. I was reminded by Dr. Rucinski's talk of Lodewijk Woltjer's remark: “The larger our ignorance, the stronger the magnetic field.”
Flow Structure in Magnetic CVs
Authors: Bisikalo Dmitry V. , Zhilkin Andrey G. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe present a review of the modern concept of physical processes which go on in magnetic CVs with the mass transfer between the components. Using results of 3D MHD simulations, we investigated variations of the main characteristics of accretion disks depending on the value of the magnetic induction on the surface of the accreting star. In the frame of a self-consistent description of the MHD flow structure in close binaries, we formulate conditions of the disk formation and find a criterion that separates two types of flows corresponding to intermediate polars (intermediate magnetic field) and polars (strong field).The influence of asynchronous rotation of the accretor on the flow structure in magnetic close binaries is also discussed. Simulations show that the accretion instability arising in binaries with rapid rotation of accretor (“propeller” regime) can explain the mechanism of quasi-periodic dwarf nova outbursts observed in DQ Her systems.
How Common Envelope Interactions Change the Lives of Stars and Planets
Authors: De Marco O. , Passy J.-C. , Herwig F. , Fryer C. L. , Mac Low M.-M. , Oishi J. S. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe common envelope interaction between a giant star and a stellar or substellar companion is at the origin of several compact binary classes, including the progenitors of Type Ia SN. A common envelope is also what will happen when the Sun expands and swallows its planets as far out as Jupiter. The basic idea and physics of the common envelope interaction has been known since the 1970s. However, the outcome of a common envelope interaction - what systems survive and what their parameters are - depends sensitively on the details of the engagement. To advance our knowledge of the common envelope interaction between stars and their stellar and substellar companions, we have carried out a series of simulations with Eulerian, grid-based and Lagrangian, smoothed particle hydrodynamics codes between a 0.88-M⊙, 85-R⊙, red giant branch star and companions in the mass range 0.1-0.9 M⊙. In this contribution, we will discuss the reliability of the techniques, the physics that is not included in the codes but is likely important, the state of the ejected common envelope, and the final binary separation. We also carry out a comparison with the observations. Finally, we discuss the common envelope efficiency parameter, α and the survival of planets.
Dynamical Stability and Habitability of Extra-Solar Planets
Authors: Pilat-Lohinger Elke 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObservations of about 60 binary star systems hosting exoplanets indicate the necessity of stability studies of planetary motion in such multi-stellar systems. For wide binary systems with separations between hundreds and thousands of AU, the results from single-star systems may be applicable but, in tight double stars systems, we have to take the stellar interactions into account which influences the planetary motion significantly.This review discusses the different types of planetary motion in double stars and the stability of the planets for different binary configurations. An application to the most famous tight binary system (γ Cephei) is also shown. Finally, we analyze the habitability from the dynamical point of view in such systems, where we discuss the motion of terrestrial-like planets in the so-called habitable zone.
Global Environmental Constitutionalism: Getting There from Here
Authors: Kysar Douglas A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractDominant analytical approaches to environmental law exhibit a similar, problematic form: they treat that which should be outcome determining as, instead, outcome determined. This form is most evident and influential in the welfare economic technique of regulatory cost–benefit analysis, which treats all resources – including the monetary value of human lives – as potential means towards seemingly higher yielding ends. In contrast, an environmental constitutionalism, in which certain needs and interests of present and future generations, the global community, and other forms of life are given foundational legal importance, would help to restore conceptual coherence and normative priority to the subjects of environmental law.
Look at Mother Nature on the Run in the 21stCentury: Responsibility, Research and Innovation
Authors: Lee Robert G. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThere is growing interest in a framework for responsible research and innovation within Europe. This paper explores why this has come about and suggests that it is related to a concern with emerging and converging technologies that goes beyond a narrow conception of risk to the environment or to human health. Rather, there is a trepidation arising out of the transformative capacity of modern technologies and their stated aspiration to manipulate the natural world. In this context, the paper poses three central questions about the shape of any framework for responsible research and innovation. First, why is the target that of research and innovation? Secondly, at what scale should the framework operate? Thirdly, what form of governance structure would be best suited to the oversight of research and innovation?
Non‐thermal escape of molecular hydrogen from Mars
Authors: Gacesa M. , Zhang P. , Kharchenko V. 
Published: April 2012

We present a detailed theoretical analysis of non‐thermal escape of molecular hydrogen from Mars induced by collisions with hot atomic oxygen from the Martian corona. To accurately describe the energy transfer in O + H2(v, j) collisions, we performed extensive quantum‐mechanical calculations of state‐to‐state elastic, inelastic, and reactive cross sections. The escape flux of H2molecules was evaluated using a simplified 1D column model of the Martian atmosphere with realistic densities of atmospheric gases and hot oxygen production rates for low solar activity conditions. An average intensity of the non‐thermal escape flux of H2 of 1.9 × 105 cm−2s−1 was obtained considering energetic O atoms produced in dissociative recombinations of O2+ions. Predicted ro‐vibrational distribution of the escaping H2was found to contain a significant fraction of higher rotational states. While the non‐thermal escape rate was found to be lower than Jeans rate for H2molecules, the non‐thermal escape rates of HD and D2 are significantly higher than their respective Jeans rates. The accurate evaluation of the collisional escape flux of H2and its isotopes is important for understanding non‐thermal escape of molecules from Mars, as well as for the formation of hot H2 Martian corona. The described molecular ejection mechanism is general and expected to contribute to atmospheric escape of H2 and other light molecules from planets, satellites, and exoplanetary bodies.
Impact of Minimum Dissolved Oxygen Concentration on Grow-Out Performance of Blue Catfish with Comparison to Channel Catfish
Authors: Torrans Les , Ott Brian , Bosworth Brian 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Feed intake, the feed conversion ratio (FCR), and the production of blue catfish Ictalurus furcatus and channel catfish I. punctatus were examined in 1-acre ponds maintained at either a high or low minimum dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration (mean values of 4.29 and 2.54 ppm [55% and 32% air saturation], respectively). Two additional studies were conducted examining only blue catfish in 0.25-acre ponds maintained at either a high (mean values of 4.43 and 4.46 ppm [56% and 55% air saturation] in the two studies) or low (mean values of 1.41 and 1.64 ppm [18% and 20% air saturation]) minimum DO concentration. Blue and channel catfish exhibited similar feed intake (13,432 versus 13,063 lb/acre), growth (1.40 versus 1.49 lb/fish), gross production (6,662 versus 6,663 lb/acre), and net production (5,935 versus 5,813 lb/acre) in the high-DO treatments in the 1-acre ponds. Within the low-DO treatment, feed intake was not significantly different (13,555 versus 12,398 lb/acre for blue and channel catfish, respectively), but both gross production (6,796 versus 5,810 lb/acre) and net production (6,069 versus 4,960 lb/acre) were significantly lower in the channel catfish ponds. The FCR was similar between species (2.25 versus 2.38) and was not affected by DO treatment. In the blue catfish studies in the 0.25-acre ponds, ponds in the high-DO treatments had significantly higher feed intake (+23.0% and +33.4% in 2006 and 2007, respectively) and net weight gain (+38.0% versus +42.3%) than those in the low-DO treatments; both gross production (16,898 versus 12,963 lb/acre) and net production (14,768 versus 10,855 lb/acre) were significantly higher in the high-DO treatment in 2006. Food conversion ratios averaged 1.86 in 2006 and 2007 and were similar in fish among DO treatments in both years. Data from these and other similar controlled studies indicate that most blue catfish production variables tend to be affected less by low DO concentrations than are channel catfish.
Comparison of the antitussive effect of remifentanil during recovery from propofol and sevoflurane anaesthesia*
Authors: Kim H. , Choi S.‐H. , Choi Y.‐S. , Lee J.‐H. , Kim N.‐O. , Lee J.‐R. 
Published: April 2012

SummaryThis prospective randomised study compared the antitussive effect of remifentanil during recovery from either propofol or sevoflurane anaesthesia. Seventy‐four female patients undergoing thyroidectomy were anaesthetised with either propofol and remifentanil or sevoflurane and remifentanil. During recovery, remifentanil was maintained at an effect‐site concentration of 2 ng.ml−1 until extubation and the occurrence of coughing, haemodynamic parameters and recovery profiles were compared between the two groups. During recovery, neither the incidence nor the severity of cough (incidence 20% with propofol; 24% with sevoflurane, p = 0.77), nor the haemodynamic parameters were different between the two groups. Time to awakening and time to extubation were significantly shorter in the propofol group (4.7 min, 6.1 min min, respectively) compared with the sevoflurane group (7.9 min and 8.9 min respectively) (p < 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively). An effect‐site concentration of 2 ng.ml−1 of remifentanil was associated with smooth emergence from both propofol and sevoflurane anaesthesia.
Effects of magnesium sulphate on postoperative coagulation, measured by rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM®)*
Authors: Na H. S. , Chung Y. H. , Hwang J. W. , Do S. H. 
Published: April 2012

SummaryWe investigated the effects of magnesium sulphate on blood coagulation profiles using rotational thromboelastometry in gynaecological patients undergoing pelviscopic surgery. Patients were randomly allocated to the magnesium group (n = 20) or control group (n = 20). The magnesium group received magnesium sulphate (50 mg.kg−1 followed by continuous infusion of 15 mg.kg−1.h−1), whereas the control group received the same volume of isotonic saline according to the same methods. Mean (SD) postoperative serum magnesium levels were 1.58 (0.17) mmol.l−1 in the magnesium group compared with 0.98 (0.06) mmol.l−1 in the control group (p < 0.001). Postoperative clotting time, clot formation time, α‐angle and maximum clot firmness of INTEM, and clot formation time, α‐angle, and maximum clot firmness of EXTEM were significantly different between the two groups (p < 0.05). Intra‐operative infusion of magnesium sulphate seems to attenuate postoperative hypercoagulability by maintaining magnesium levels at the upper limit of the normal range.
Rapid clinical induction of bupropion hydroxylation by metamizole in healthy Chinese men
Authors: Qin Wen‐Jie , Zhang Wei , Liu Zhao‐Qian , Chen Xiao‐Ping , Tan Zhi‐Rong , Hu Dong‐Li , Wang Dan , Fan Lan , Zhou Hong‐Hao 
Published: April 2012

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT• Bupropion, an antidepressant and smoking cessation drug, is metabolized to its active metabolite, 4‐hydroxybupropion, almost exclusively by CYP2B6.• Metamizole, a pyrazolone derivative with analgesic properties, was shown in an in vitro study to increase significantly the expression of CYP2B6 and bupropion hydroxylase activity.• The effect of metamizole on bupropion hydroxylation has not been investigated and drug interactions may occur between metamizole and bupropion.WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS• Oral administration of metamizole for 4 days significantly altered the pharmacokinetics of both bupropion and its active metabolite, 4‐hydroxybupropion, and significantly increased the CYP2B6‐catalyzed bupropion hydroxylation in all of the subjects.• Dosage adjustment of bupropion may be needed in patients when metamizole is concomitantly administered.AIMS This study aimed to investigate the effect of metamizole on bupropion hydroxylation related to different CYP2B6 genotype groups in healthy volunteers.METHODS Sixteen healthy male volunteers (6 CYP2B6*1/*1, 6 CYP2B6*1/*6 and 4 CYP2B6*6/*6) received orally administered bupropion alone and during daily treatment with metamizole 1500 mg day–1 (500 mg tablet taken three times daily) for 4 days. Serial blood samples were obtained up to 48 h after each bupropion dose.RESULTS After metamizole treatment relative to bupropion alone, the geometric mean ratios (GMRs) and 90% confidence interval (CI) of the AUC(0,∞) ratio of 4‐hydroxybupropion over bupropion were 1.99 (1.57, 2.55) for the CYP2B6*1/*1 group, 2.15 (1.53, 3.05) for the CYP2B6*1/*6 group and 1.86 (1.36, 2.57) for the CYP2B6*6/*6 group. The GMRs and 90% CI of bupropion were 0.695 (0.622, 0.774) for AUC(0,∞) and 0.400 (0.353, 0.449) for Cmax, respectively. The corresponding values for 4‐hydroxybupropion were 1.43 (1.28, 1.53) and 2.63 (2.07, 2.92). The t1/2 value was significantly increased for bupropion and decreased for 4‐hydroxybupropion. The tmax values of bupropion and 4‐hydroxybupropion were both significantly decreased. The mean percentage changes in pharmacokinetic parameters among the CYP2B6 genotype groups were not significantly different.CONCLUSIONS Oral administration of metamizole for 4 days significantly altered the pharmacokinetics of both bupropion and its active metabolite, 4‐hydroxybupropion, and significantly increased the CYP2B6‐catalyzed bupropion hydroxylation in all of the subjects. Cautions should be taken when metamizole is co‐administered with CYP2B6 substrate drugs.
Traits explain community disassembly and trophic contraction following experimental environmental change
Authors: Lindo Zoë , Whiteley Jonathan , Gonzalez Andrew 
Published: April 2012

AbstractMany ecosystems are currently undergoing dramatic changes in biodiversity due to habitat loss and climate change. Responses to global change at the community level are poorly understood, as are the impacts of community disassembly on ecosystem‐level processes. Uncertainties remain regarding the patterns of extirpation and persistence under single vs. multiple forms of environmental change. Here, we use a trait‐based and food web approach to examine the effects of experimentally changing moisture, temperature and habitat ‘openness’ on a functionally important group of microarthropods associated with a boreal forest floor bryosphere (detrital moss) system. Overall, the outcome of community disassembly was mediated by the correlation between our environmental factors and species traits, particularly body size. Minor increases in summer temperatures maintained greater species richness, whereas drought stress had a significant negative effect on community‐level abundance and richness. These effects were reflected in modifications to the community‐wide body‐size spectra. Habitat openness alleviated biodiversity loss in the larger‐bodied species of the most abundant taxonomic group, but did not fully mitigate the effects of drought. The most striking result of this experiment was an overall contraction of the food web among persistent species under drought stress (i.e. those not extirpated by environmental change). These results suggest that major changes in boreal microarthropod community structure are likely to occur in response to common forms of global change. Moreover, the contraction in trophic structure even amongst tolerant species suggests that ecosystem function within the bryosphere can be altered by environmental change.
Cassava about‐FACE: Greater than expected yield stimulation of cassava (Manihot esculenta) by future CO2 levels
Authors: Rosenthal David M. , Slattery Rebecca A. , Miller Rebecca E. , Grennan Aleel K. , Cavagnaro Timothy R. , Fauquet Claude M. , Gleadow Roslyn M. , Ort Donald R. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractGlobally, cassava is the second most important root crop after potatoes and the fifth most important crop overall in terms of human caloric intake. In addition to its growing global importance for feed, fuel, and starch, cassava has long been vital to food security in Sub‐Saharan Africa. Climate change is expected to have its most severe impact on crops in food insecure regions, yet little is known about how cassava productivity will respond to climate change. The most important driver of climate change is globally increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]). However, the potential for cassava to enhance food security in an elevated [CO2] world is uncertain as greenhouse and open top chamber (OTC) study reports are ambiguous. Studies have yielded misleading results in the past regarding the effect of elevated [CO2] on crop productivity, particularly in cases where pots restricted sink growth. To resolve these conflicting results, we compare the response of cassava to growth at ambient (ca. 385 ppm) and elevated [CO2] (585 ppm) under field conditions and fully open air [CO2] elevation. After three and half months of growth at elevated [CO2], above ground biomass was 30% greater and cassava root tuber dry mass increased over 100% (fresh weight increased 89%). High photosynthetic rates and photosynthetic stimulation by elevated [CO2], larger canopies, and a large sink capacity all contributed to cassava's growth and yield stimulation. Cassava exhibited photosynthetic acclimation via decreased Rubisco capacity early in the season prior to root tuber initiation when sink capacity was smaller. Importantly, and in contrast to a greenhouse study, we found no evidence of increased leaf N or total cyanide concentration in elevated [CO2]. All of our results are consistent with theoretical expectations; however, the magnitude of the yield increase reported here surpasses all other C3 crops and thus exceeds expectations.
Differences in transcription levels among wild, domesticated, and hybrid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) from two environments
Authors: DEBES PAUL V. , NORMANDEAU ERIC , FRASER DYLAN J. , BERNATCHEZ LOUIS , HUTCHINGS JEFFREY A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractEscaped domesticated individuals can introduce disadvantageous traits into wild populations due to both adaptive differences between population ancestors and human‐induced changes during domestication. In contrast to their domesticated counterparts, some endangered wild Atlantic salmon populations encounter during their marine stage large amounts of suspended sediments, which may act as a selective agent. We used microarrays to elucidate quantitative transcriptional differences between a domesticated salmon strain, a wild population and their first‐generation hybrids during their marine life stage, to describe transcriptional responses to natural suspended sediments, and to test for adaptive genetic variation in plasticity relating to a history of natural exposure or nonexposure to suspended sediments. We identified 67 genes differing in transcription level among salmon groups. Among these genes, processes related to energy metabolism and ion homoeostasis were over‐represented, while genes contributing to immunity and actin‐/myosin‐related processes were also involved in strain differentiation. Domestic–wild hybrids exhibited intermediate transcription patterns relative to their parents for two‐thirds of all genes that differed between their parents; however, genes deviating from additivity tended to have similar levels to those expressed by the wild parent. Sediments induced increases in transcription levels of eight genes, some of which are known to contribute to external or intracellular damage mitigation. Although genetic variation in plasticity did not differ significantly between groups after correcting for multiple comparisons, two genes (metallothionein and glutathione reductase) tended to be more plastic in response to suspended sediments in wild and hybrid salmon, and merit further examination as candidate genes under natural selection.