bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deconstructing Health and the Un/Healthy Fat Woman
Authors: Tischner Irmgard , Malson Helen 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTDominant discourses represent body weight as a consequence of lifestyle, equating ‘fatness’ with ‘disease’ and ‘thinness’ with ‘health’. Consequently, fat subjects become framed as lazy and not willing to follow a ‘healthy’ lifestyle. In neoliberal societies, where ‘the autonomous, self‐regulating individual’ is highly valued, the previous construction of fat subjects appears particularly damning. In this study, we explore how women who self‐identify as ‘large’ negotiate their body weight, health and neoliberal credentials. To this end, interviews were conducted with 18 women, and the transcripts were analysed using discourse analysis. The constructions of health and well‐being articulated by the women were much broader and more complex than those reproduced in dominant neoliberalised discourses of health and body weight. Although most participants positioned themselves as healthy and health literate, prevailing constructions of ‘fat is unhealthy’ were also reproduced, and participants often struggled with the conflicting subject positions of the healthy and health‐conscious ‘good neoliberal citizen’ and the fat ‘failed’ individual risking ill‐health. Drawing on our analysis, we assert that, regardless of who is right in debates about the putative health implication of fat, the current reductionist approach to health and the global ‘war on obesity’ are problematic and potentially harmful. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of New Retinobenzoic Acids
Authors: Khandare Reena P. , Vaze Kedar R. , Bhat Sujata V. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractNew retinobenzoic acid derivatives have been synthesized starting from 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐1,1,2,4,4,6‐hexamethylnaphthalene and 1,1,2,3,3‐pentamethylindane. Four of the synthetic compounds displayed potent cytotoxic activities in vitro against human breast cancer and leukemic cell lines. Thus, these molecules can be further evaluated for the treatment of human leukemia and breast cancer.
New Cytotoxic Metabolites from a Deep‐Sea‐Derived Fungus, Phialocephala sp., Strain FL30r
Authors: Li De‐Hai , Cai Sheng‐Xin , Zhu Tian‐Jiao , Wang Feng‐Ping , Xiao Xiang , Gu Qian‐Qun 
Published: May 2011

AbstractTwo new sorbicillinoids, 1 and 2, together with a novel benzofuranone derivative named phialofurone (3), were isolated from a deep‐sea sediment‐derived fungus, Phialocephala sp. Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic data. All compounds displayed cytotoxic effects against P388 (IC50 values of 11.5±1.4, 0.1±0.1, and 0.2±0.01 μM, resp.) and K562 (IC50 values of 22.9±0.8, 4.8±0.3 and 22.4±0.9 μM, resp.) cell lines.
Essential Oils from Wild Populations of Algerian Lavandula stoechas L.: Composition, Chemical Variability, and in vitro Biological Properties
Authors: Benabdelkader Tarek , Zitouni Abdelghani , Guitton Yann , Jullien Frédéric , Maitre Dany , Casabianca Hervé , Legendre Laurent , Kameli Abdelkrim 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn an effort to develop local productions of aromatic and medicinal plants, a comprehensive assessment of the composition and biological activities of the essential oils (EOs) extracted from the aerial flowering parts of wild growing Lavandula stoechas L. collected from eleven different locations in northern Algeria was performed. The oils were characterized by GC‐FID and GC/MS analyses, and 121 compounds were identified, accounting for 69.88–91.2% of the total oil compositions. The eleven oils greatly differed in their compositions, since only 66 compounds were common to all oils. Major EO components were fenchone (2; 11.27–37.48%), camphor (3, 1.94–21.8%), 1,8‐cineole (1; 0.16–8.71%), and viridiflorol (10; 2.89–7.38%). The assessed in vitro biological properties demonstrated that the DPPH‐based radical‐scavenging activities and the inhibition of the β‐carotene/linoleic acid‐based lipid oxidation differed by an eight‐fold factor between the most and the least active oils and were linked to different sets of molecules in the different EOs. The eleven EOs exhibited good antimicrobial activities against most of the 16 tested strains of bacteria, filamentous fungi, and yeasts, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 0.16 to 11.90 mg/ml.
Biodiversity of Salix spp. Honeydew and Nectar Honeys Determined by RP‐HPLC and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant Capacity
Authors: Tuberoso Carlo I. G. , Jerković Igor , Bifulco Ersilia , Marijanović Zvonimir 
Published: May 2011

AbstractRare unifloral willow (Salix spp.) honeys obtained from nectar or honeydew were investigated by direct RP‐HPLC‐DAD method in order to identify and quantify compounds that can be used as possible markers of their origin. Antioxidant and antiradical activities of willow honeys were evaluated using FRAP (=ferric reducing antioxidant assay) and DPPH (=1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl radical) tests, respectively. Also HMF (=5‐(hydroxymethyl)furfural), diastase activity, and CIE L*a*b*C*h* chromatic coordinates were evaluated. Abscisic acids (ABA) are typical of willow nectar honey, with a predominance of (Z,E)‐ABA on (E,E)‐ABA (98.2 and 31.7 mg/kg, resp.). Kinurenic acid and salicylic acid are useful to mark willow honeydew honey. The proposed HPLC‐DAD method proved to be easy and reliable to identify the two different Salix spp. honeys, being not affected from any sample preparation artifact. Total antioxidant activity measured with the FRAP assay ranged from 3.2 to 12.6 mmol Fe2+/kg, and the antiradical activity measured with the DPPH assay ranged from 0.6 to 3.0 mmol TEAC (=Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity)/kg in nectar and honeydew honeys, respectively. Salix spp. nectar and honeydew honeys proved to be two completely different honeys, because, besides color attributes, they show different antioxidant properties and specific compounds.
On the Putative Binding Site of RFamide‐Family Neuropeptides from the Western Atlantic Clam Sunray Venus and Cephalopods on Acid‐Sensing Ion Channels. An Automated Docking and Molecular‐Dynamics Study with hASIC1a Homology Model
Authors: Pietra Francesco 
Published: May 2011

AbstractInvestigated here are interactions of C‐terminal amidated peptides with the hASIC1a acid‐sensing ion channel. The peptides comprise endogenous FMRFa, present in the western Atlantic clam Sunray Venus, and FIRFa, present in cephalopods, as well as non‐endogenous ones for comparison. The interaction is investigated by automated docking. The resulting key hASIC1aFMRFa complex, set in a lipidic POPC (=1‐palmitoyl‐2‐oleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine) membrane surrounded by H2O and Na+‐neutralized, was also investigated by molecular dynamics. It was observed that all investigated peptides become encapsulated into the ion channel, on one side by the thumb and finger of a subunit, and, on the opposite side, by the knuckle and β‐ball of a second subunit. The third subunit is not involved. This is much the same binding site that was disclosed previously by both a similar computational approach, and electrophysiological and binding experiments for the hASIC1a ion channel‐blocker tarantula toxin PCTX1. This paves the way to a better understanding of the role of these peptides in invertebrates.
Methane Activation over Cellulose Templated Perovskite Catalysts
Authors: Langfeld Kirsten , Marschner René , Frank Benjamin , Schomäcker Reinhard 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA facile and rapid preparation method for a wide variety of medium surface area perovskite‐type catalysts on the laboratory scale is presented. The cellulose templating method allows for catalysts with high phase purity, even at the relatively low calcination temperatures. Among the versatile compositions of perovskites based on the SrCoOx system, straightforward modifications could be performed to optimize the catalytic performance in the oxidation of CH4. Substitutions in both the A and B positions in the ABO3 lattice can remarkably affect the catalytic activity. Compared to other preparation methods, the cellulose templating method is a rapid process and the catalytic performances obtained with SrCoOx and LaCoOx are at least as good as with materials prepared by conventional methods.
A Highly Porous Metal–Organic Framework: Structural Transformations of a Guest‐Free MOF Depending on Activation Method and Temperature
Authors: Park Hye Jeong , Lim Dae‐Woon , Yang Woo Seung , Oh Tae‐Rog , Suh Myunghyun Paik 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA doubly interpenetrating porous metal–organic framework (SNU‐77) has been synthesized from the solvothermal reaction of the extended carboxylic acid tris(4′‐carboxybiphenyl)amine (H3TCBPA) and Zn(NO3)2⋅6H2O in N,N‐dimethylacetamide (DMA). SNU‐77 undergoes single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal transformations during various activation processes, such as room‐temperature evacuation, supercritical CO2 drying, and high temperature evacuation, to afford SNU‐77R, SNU‐77S, and SNU‐77H, respectively. These guest‐free MOFs exhibited different fine structures with different window shapes and different effective window sizes at room temperature. Variable‐temperature synchrotron single‐crystal X‐ray analyses reveal that the guest‐free structure is also affected by changes in temperature. Despite the different fine structures, SNU‐77R, SNU‐77S, and SNU‐77H show similar gas sorption properties due to the nonbreathing nature of the framework and an additional structural change upon cooling to cryogenic gas sorption temperature. SNU‐77H exhibits a large surface area (BET, 3670 m2 g−1), a large pore volume (1.52 cm3 g−1), and exceptionally high uptake capacities for N2, H2, O2, CO2, and CH4 gases.
Oligo(p‐phenylene‐ethynylene)s with Backbone Conformation Controlled by Competitive Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonds
Authors: Hu Wei , Yan Qifan , Zhao Dahui 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA series of conjugated oligo(p‐phenylene‐ethynylene) (OPE) molecules with backbone conformations (that is, the relative orientations of the contained phenylene units) controlled by competitive intramolecular hydrogen bonds to be either co‐planar or random were synthesised and studied. In these oligomers, carboxylate and amido substituents were attached to alternate phenylene units in the OPE backbone. These functional groups were able to form intramolecular hydrogen bonds between neighbouring phenylene units. Thereby, all phenylene units in the backbone were confined in a co‐planar conformation. This planarised structure featured a more extended effective conjugation length than that of regular OPEs with phenylene units adopting random orientation due to a low rotational‐energy barrier. However, if a tri(ethylene glycol) (Tg) side chain was appended to the amido group, it enabled another type of intramolecular hydrogen bond, formed by the Tg chain folding back and the contained ether oxygen atom competing with the ester carbonyl group as the hydrogen‐bond acceptor. The outcome of this competition was proven to depend on the length of the alkylene linker joining the ether oxygen atom to the amido group. Specifically, if the Tg chain folded back to form a five‐membered cyclic structure, this hydrogen‐bonding motif was sufficiently robust to overrule the hydrogen bonds between adjacent phenylene units. Consequently, the oligomers assumed non‐planar conformations. However, if the side chain formed a six‐membered ring by hydrogen bonding with the amido NH group, such a motif was much less stable and yielded in the competition with the ester carbonyl group from the adjacent phenylene unit. Thus, the hydrogen bonds between the phenylene units remained, and the co‐planar conformation was manifested. In our system, the hydrogen bonds formed by the back‐folded Tg chain and amido NH group relied on a single oxygen atom as the hydrogen‐bond acceptor. The additional oxygen atoms in the Tg chain made a negligible contribution. A bifurcated hydrogen‐bond motif was unimportant. From our results, in combination with the results from an independent study by Meijer et al.,13 it is evident that intramolecular hydrogen bonds involving back‐folded oligo(ethylene glycol) moieties may differ in their structural details. Absorption spectroscopy served as a convenient yet sensitive technique for analysing hydrogen‐bonding motifs in our study.
Uptake of Liquid Alcohols by the Flexible FeIII Metal–Organic Framework MIL‐53 Observed by Time‐Resolved In Situ X‐ray Diffraction
Authors: Walton Richard I. , Munn Alexis S. , Guillou Nathalie , Millange Franck 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA comprehensive, time‐resolved, energy‐dispersive X‐ray diffraction study of the uptake of liquid alcohols (methanol, ethanol, propan‐1‐ol and propan‐2‐ol) by the flexible metal‐organic framework solid MIL‐53(Fe)[H2O] is reported. In the case of the primary alcohols, a fluorinated version of the MIL‐53(Fe) host (C2/c symmetry V ca. 1000 Å3), in which a fraction of framework hydroxides are replaced by fluoride, shows uptake of alcohols to give initially a partially expanded phase (C2/c symmetry, V ca. 1200 Å3) followed by an expanded form of the material (either Imcm or Pnam symmetry, V ca. 1600 Å3). In the case of methanol–water mixtures, the EDXRD data show that the partially open intermediate phase undergoes volume expansion during its existence, before switching to a fully open structure if concentrated methanol is used; analogous behaviour is seen if the initial guest is propan‐2‐ol, which then is replaced by pyridine, where a continuous shift of Bragg peaks within C2/c symmetry is observed. In contrast to the partially fluorinated materials, the purely hydroxylated host materials show little tendency to stabilise partially open forms of MIL‐53(Fe) with primary alcohols and the kinetics of guest introduction are markedly slower without the framework fluorination: this is exemplified by the exchange of water by propan‐2‐ol, where a partially open C2/c phase is formed in a step‐wise manner. Our study defines the various possible pathways of liquid‐phase uptake of molecular guests by flexible solid MIL‐53(Fe).
Gram‐Scale Synthesis of Iejimalide B
Authors: Gagnepain Julien , Moulin Emilie , Fürstner Alois 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIejimalide B (2) is the most promising member of a small family of marine polyene macrolides endowed with remarkably selective activity against human cancer cell lines. As this product, however, is hardly available from the natural sources, a detailed evaluation requires the development of an efficient and practical synthetic approach. This challenge has now been met by adapting the first total synthesis of 2 previously reported by our group to the needs of high material throughput. Redesigning the access routes to the five required building blocks in combination with a careful optimization of the fragment coupling processes provided gram amounts of this valuable compound in a sequence of no more than 16 linear steps with an overall yield of about 7 %. Key elements of the successful strategy include: i) three hydrostannylation processes of elaborate terminal alkynes with “lower order” stannyl cuprates, ii) a Brown allylation, a Noyori transfer hydrogenation, and a Marshall propargylation to set the chiral centers at C9, C17, C22 and C23, and iii) a modified Takai–Utimoto olefination for the preparation of the very labile skipped 1,4‐diene flanking the ester group. The assembly process benefited from a particularly mild protocol for the Stille cross‐coupling previously developed in this laboratory, which clearly outperformed the alternative Suzuki reaction in terms of yield and scalability. The 24‐membered macrocyclic frame was forged by a remarkably selective ring‐closing metathesis reaction (RCM), in which two out of the ten double bonds present in the cyclization precursor were selectively activated with the aid of a second‐generation Grubbs catalyst.
Strain Imaging in Morbid Obesity: Insights Into Subclinical Ventricular Dysfunction
Authors: Barbosa Marcia M. , Beleigoli Alline M. , de Fatima Diniz Maria , Freire Cláudia V. , Ribeiro Antonio L. , Nunes Maria Carmo P. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackground:Obesity has become an important health problem throughout the world. Early detection of cardiovascular abnormalities may be useful in the future for patient management. This study aimed to identify subclinical ventricular dysfunction in obese patients.Hypothesis:Morbid obesity is associated with ventricular dysfunction.Methods:Doppler echocardiogram was performed in 92 morbidly obese and in 31 healthy controls. Conventional echocardiography and tissue Doppler‐based strain imaging were used to analyze ventricular function. Intra‐ and interobserver strain imaging variabilities were tested on 15 randomly selected cases.Results:Left ventricular (LV) global strain (22.5% ± 3.5 vs 24.4% ± 2.5, P<0.005) and right ventricular (RV) strain (25.8% ± 5.2 vs 28.2% ± 5.2, P<0.029) were lower in obese patients when compared with healthy controls. Echocardiographic parameters of diastolic function were also different from controls. LV strain correlated with LV mass, E/e′ ratio, left atrial volume, and RV strain. At multivariate analysis, morbid obesity remained a significant determinant of global LV strain, independently of associated comorbidities.Conclusions:These findings suggest that incipient biventricular dysfunction is present in morbidly obese patients when new echocardiographic indices are used to investigate ventricular function. In addition, strain imaging may provide a more accurate assessment of the ventricular function in obese patients. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.This work was supported by grants from CNPq and FAPEMIG.The authors have no other funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Cytomorphologic findings of B‐cell lymphomas with concurrent IGH/BCL2 and MYC rearrangements (dual‐translocation lymphomas)
Authors: da Cunha Santos Gilda , Ko Hyang Mi , Saieg Mauro Ajaj , Boerner Scott L. , Lai Shui Wun , Bailey Denis , Geddie William R. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:B‐cell lymphomas with concurrent IGH/BCL2 and MYC gene rearrangements, termed dual‐translocation or double‐hit lymphomas (DTLs), rarely are identified. They usually are characterized by highly aggressive behavior, a poor prognosis, and complex karyotypes. The objective of this study was to review and describe the cytomorphologic findings in different types of cytologic preparations and clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with DTLs.METHODS:Patient samples with IGH/BCL2 and MYC rearrangements that were detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization during the period from October 2003 to September 2009 were selected for morphology review. Clinical data and results from additional studies were collected from patient reports.RESULTS:Cytologic samples from 14 patients (5 men and 9 women) were reviewed. The most common cytomorphologic pattern was a mixed cell population consisting predominantly of large cells (88.2%), mainly centroblasts (94.1%), with dark blue cytoplasm (76.4%) accompanied by apoptotic bodies (64.7%), with marked cellular pleomorphism (94.1%). Nuclear segmentation was present in 64.7% of samples, conferring a “coffee bean” nucleus, and cytoplasmic vacuoles were observed in 46.6% of samples. Immunophenotyping revealed the expression of CD20, CD19, surface immunoglobulin, and CD10 in 13 samples. Other chromosomal aberrations were also identified. Seven patients died of their disease, and the time from progression to death ranged from 1 month to 16 months.CONCLUSIONS:Large cells with deeply basophilic cytoplasm, cytoplasmic vacuoles, and frequent segmented nuclei, particularly in fine needle aspirate smears and especially in patients with clinically aggressive and/or unusual clinical features, should trigger a fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis for IGH/BCL2 and MYC translocation to identify this entity. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Serum prolactin concentrations determine whether they improve or impair β‐cell function and insulin sensitivity in diabetic rats
Authors: Park Sunmin , Kim Da Sol , Daily James W. , Kim Sung‐Hoon 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackgroundProlactin improves glucose homeostasis by increasing β‐cell mass under certain conditions such as pregnancy, whereas hyperprolactinaemia due to a pituitary gland adenoma tumour exacerbates insulin resistance. However, previous studies have not evaluated how prolactin modulates β‐cell function and insulin sensitivity at different dosages. Here, we determined that chronic intraperitoneal injections of different dosages of prolactin have opposite effects on insulin resistance and β‐cell function and mass in 90% pancreatectomized diabetic male rats, and the mechanisms were explored.MethodsDiabetic rats were divided into three groups according to the dose of intraperitoneally injected prolactin for 4 weeks: (1) low dose of prolactin (25 µg/kg bw/12 h), (2) high dose of prolactin (250 µg/kg bw/12 h), and (3) vehicle. As a non‐diabetic control group, sham‐operated rats were injected with vehicle.ResultsChronic high‐ and low‐dose prolactin injections elevated serum prolactin levels by 2.5‐ and 11.8‐fold, respectively. Both dosages promoted β‐cell mass by increasing β‐cell proliferation and neogenesis through the potentiation of phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 and decreased menin expression in diabetic rats. However, only the low‐dose prolactin injection potentiated glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion though glucokinase and glucose transporter 2 induction in the diabetic rats. In addition, low‐dose prolactin decreased hepatic glucose output in hyperinsulinaemic states, indicating an improvement in hepatic insulin resistance. However, the high‐dose prolactin injection exacerbated whole‐body and hepatic insulin resistance in diabetic rats.ConclusionsIn contrast to the normal adaptive increases in glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion through expanded β‐cell mass and insulin sensitivity realized with moderately increased prolactin levels, high levels of prolactin exacerbate insulin resistance and impair the insulin‐secretory capacity in diabetic mice. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identifying ecohydrological patterns in natural forested wetlands useful to restoration design
Authors: Johnson Yari Ben , Shear Theodore Henry , James April Lynda 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTWetland restoration projects across the United States commonly lack the species and hydrology of the targeted community being restored. A better understanding of natural wetlands would help restoration project designers achieve community composition and hydrologic regimes that more closely resemble natural conditions. We investigated two different methods to identify patterns in hydrologic regime useful to restoration design. The first method was based on success criteria commonly used by North Carolina wetland mitigation projects. The second method was based on The Nature Conservancy's Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration. To test these two methods, we collected hydrologic and compositional data across the natural variation of nonriverine wet hardwood forest stands, a rare wetland community type commonly restored in North Carolina. Our results show that hydrologic parameters from the first method, based on current success criteria used in North Carolina, are not related to community composition. Hydrologic parameters from the second method, e.g. the maximum water table level over a 3‐day span, explained much of the variation in nonriverine wet hardwood forest community composition. Our results found that clear relationships do exist between hydrologic regime and community composition. Hydrologic parameters that are related to community composition need to be used as success criteria in future restoration designs. This will ensure that projects establish the appropriate hydrologic regime necessary to foster the desired wetland community type. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.