bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corrosion behavior study on heat treated API X70 pipeline steel exposed in different aggressive environments
Authors: Sharma L. , Kumar N. , Jakhar A. , Mshra S. , Chhibber R. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
API pipeline steels are designed to withstand elevated temperatures and pressures in a variety of environmental conditions. The microstructure of API X70 pipeline steel is characterised by a very fine grain, which contributes to its exceptional strength and ductility. This paper investigates the corrosion behavior of API X70 steel when subjected to appropriate heat treatment processes. The study involves a comprehensive weight loss analysis over 50 days to evaluate the susceptibility of the material to corrosion in various corrosive environments. The specimens were exposed to three different corrosive environments (fresh water pH 7, seawater pH 8 and sodium thiosulfate solution pH 5) for 50 days. Macroscopic analysis was carried out at 4 day intervals. The microstructure of the heat treated samples shows the existence of different phases formed during the heat treatment process. A corrosion rate of 9.056 mils per year (mpy, 1 mil equals 0.001 inch) in the base metal as against 8.131 mpy in the heat treated specimen was observed for the specimen immersed in fresh water medium. In seawater medium, the corrosion rate of 11.685 mpy was observed for the base metal while 10.580 mpy was observed for the heat treated specimen.
Cause analysis of the cracking at the gas outlet edge of a gas turbine combustor
Authors: Zhang H. , Zhang G. , Zhao T , Liu L. , Dong C. , Qu S. , Zhang Z. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Following a 100-hour bench test, multiple cracks were detected at the gas outlet edge of a can-annular combustor. Macro- and microscopic inspections show local distortion and discoloration in the semi-circular overheating zone and cracks propagated along both dendritic boundaries and grain boundaries. Detailed metallographic inspections reveal the microstructural transformation in the overheating zone, where fine disperse phases exhibiting higher hardness precipitated and reduced the plastic deformation capacity of the material. Nonuniform distribution of the combustor flame resulted in elevated cyclic thermal strain which mainly undertook by dendritic boundaries, leading to premature thermal fatigue cracking. Relevant suggestions are proposed to improve service safety.
Attitudes of psychedelic users regarding cost of treatment and non-hallucinogenic alternatives
Authors: Aday Jacob S. , Boehnke Kevin F. , Herberholz Moss , Kruger Daniel J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and aimsPsychedelic-assisted psychotherapy (PAP) is currently being studied as a possible treatment option for multiple disorders. Despite promising safety and efficacy findings, the high costs of the current PAP model makes it questionable if the treatment will be scalable. Non-hallucinogenic psychedelic analogs have been developed as a potential cost-effective alternative, but it is unclear what psychedelic users perceive as a reasonable cost for treatment and whether they would be open to trying a non-hallucinogenic analog.MethodsWe queried a large sample of people using psychedelics naturalistically (N = 1,221) about their attitudes regarding the role of altered states of consciousness in PAP outcomes, costs of treatment, and their openness to trying a non-hallucinogenic psychedelic analog for treating a mental health condition.ResultsWe found that most (76%) participants considered altered states of consciousness as very or extremely important to the therapeutic effects of psychedelics. Despite this, most (61%) were also moderately, very, or extremely likely to try a non-hallucinogenic substance if given the chance. Lastly, participants considered approximately $70–80 per hour to be a reasonable cost for various aspects of psychedelic services (e.g., preparation, integration, and dosing sessions).ConclusionsParticipants valued the role of altered states of consciousness in therapeutic changes attributed to psychedelics, but were still open to trying a non-hallucinogenic analog. Notably, the price participants considered to be a reasonable amount for PAP is well below current market projections. Future research is needed to address limitations of the study as well as to identify ways of lowering treatment costs.
Reclaiming, Resisting and Representing: Makings Space for Palauan Knowledge in a Pacific Islander Serving Institution
Authors: Hannibal Joy R. 
Published: May 2024

Little research exists on the specific ways that Indigenous Knowledge is integrated into institutions of higher education across the U.S.-affiliated islands of Micronesia. This research study highlights the existence of Palauan Knowledge within Palau Community College. An Indigenous paradigm (Wilson, 2003) is utilized to align with Palauan values of respect (omenguul), responsibility (ngerachel), care and compassion (klechubechub). Through interviews (chelededuch) with nine collaborators, in addition to field notes, observations, and archival documents, this study was guided by the following questions: How is Indigenous Knowledge incorporated within Palau Community College (PCC)? Secondly, how do stories from Indigenous teachers and Indigenous learning environments inform PCC? Findings from this study reveal experiences of separation from Palauan Knowledge and the actions some collaborators took to preserve Palauan Knowledge. Collaborators’ narratives highlight several instances where Palauan knowledge is honored within the college through visual and oral representations and with academic and community programming. Continuity of Palauan Knowledge through ongoing opportunities to sustain practices in and outside the college is explored in the final reflections of collaborators. They continue to challenge perspectives that Indigenous Knowledge is in the past and instead is evolving. Ultimately, this study lays a foundation for continued inquiry and reflection of the college to continue to interrogate the ways that Palau Community College elevates Indigenous Knowledge.
Evaluación comparativa de perfiles de disolución del medicamento genérico lamivudina tableta 150 mg comercializado en Perú frente al innovador Epivir
Authors: Castañeda-Alarcón Malena , García-Montoya Encarna , Rodríguez-Calzado Javier , Flores-Rodríguez María , Grande-Ortíz Miguel , Moreno-Exebio Luis 
Published: May 2024

Lamivudine is one of the most prescribed drugs in the world, and is used to treat human immunodeficiency and hepatitis B. This study aimed to evaluate the quality attributes and compare the dissolution profiles of two batches (A and B) of generic lamivudine 150 mg tablets with the innovator drug Epivir 150 mg tablets. We conducted an analytical, experimental, cross-sectional study, and used a spectrophotometric method at a wavelength of maximum absorption (λ) corresponding to 270 nm, to measure the percentage of dissolved drug. The study evaluated identification, content, dissolution and mass uniformity. Apparatus 2 USP (Paddle) 75 rpm, 900 mL of dissolution medium (37 ± 0.5 °C) was used in three dissolution media: pH 1.2; 4.5 and 6.8. Samples of 5 mL were obtained at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 min. Both batches of generic lamivudine (A and B) were found to have the same dissolution kinetic profile as the innovator drug. Both formulations met the criteria of very fast dissolving (85% dissolved in 15 min), and fast dissolving (85% dissolved in 30 min) drugs. Therefore, it was not necessary to calculate the similarity factor. We concluded that generic drugs A and B are in vitro equivalents to the innovator drug Epivir.
mRNA-lncRNA gene expression signature in HPV-associated neoplasia and cervical cancer
Authors: Kulaeva E. D. , Muzlaeva E. S. , Mashkina E. V. 
Published: May 2024

Cervical cancer is one of the most frequent cancers in women and is associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) in 70 % of cases. Cervical cancer occurs because of progression of low-differentiated cervical intraepithelial neoplasia through grade 2 and 3 lesions. Along with the protein-coding genes, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in the development of malignant cell transformation. Although human papillomavirus is widespread, there is currently no well-characterized transcriptomic signature to predict whether this tumor will develop in the presence of HPV-associated neoplastic changes in the cervical epithelium. Changes in gene activity in tumors reflect the biological diversity of cellular phenotype and physiological functions and can be an important diagnostic marker. We performed comparative transcriptome analysis using open RNA sequencing data to assess differentially expressed genes between normal tissue, neoplastic epithelium, and cervical cancer. Raw data were preprocessed using the Galaxy platform. Batch effect correction, identification of differentially expressed genes, and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were performed using R programming language packages. Subcellular localization of lncRNA was analyzed using Locate-R and iLoc-LncRNA 2.0 web services. 1,572 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were recorded in the “cancer vs. control” comparison, and 1,260 DEGs were recorded in the “cancer vs. neoplasia” comparison. Only two genes were observed to be differentially expressed in the “neoplasia vs. control” comparison. The search for common genes among the most strongly differentially expressed genes among all comparison groups resulted in the identification of an expression signature consisting of the CCL20, CDKN2A, CTCFL, piR-55219, TRH, SLC27A6 and EPHA5 genes. The transcription level of the CCL20 and CDKN2A genes becomes increased at the stage of neoplastic epithelial changes and stays so in cervical cancer. Validation on an independent microarray dataset showed that the differential expression patterns of the CDKN2A and SLC27A6 genes were conserved in the respective gene expression comparisons between groups.
Predictive Factors of Time Die From COVID-19 in Intensive Care Units
Authors: Bergonzoli Gustavo , Tinoco Zapata Felipe Jose , Jaramillo Carolina , Rodriguez Christian Jhoan 
Published: May 2024

To identify risk factors that increase or decrease the probability of dying from Covid-19 in Intensive Care Units (ICU) patients. This study is based on data collected retrospectively from the hospital records. The proportional model assumption was verified using the Kaplan–Meier method, and Cox Hazard Proportional Regression model to identify predictors’ factors associated with time to death by Covid-19. Four factors were identified, two of them increase the probability of dying: age (Adjusted Hazard Ratio (HRa) = 1.032 (1.022–1.041), and breathing frequency HRa = 1.035 (1.016-1.054), and two decrease the probability: lymphocytes HRa = -0 815 (0.674–0.985), and diastolic pressure HRa = -0.992 (0.986–0.998). Every five years of increase in age the probability of dying does the same by 13.5%; while with an increase of three breaths there is an increase in the probability of dying equal to 7.4%. At the same time, five ml increase in mercury pressure will decrease mortality probability by 1.6%, while a 1.5 increase in lymphocytes will decrease it by 7.9%. Knowing these factors will undoubtedly be a useful tool to identify those patients who, due to their clinical condition, have a morbidity profile that classifies them as very high risk of dying, and therefore deserve personalized medical care.
Reduced protein kinase C delta in a high molecular weight complex in mitochondria and elevated creatine uptake into Barth syndrome B lymphoblasts
Authors: Mejia Edgard M. , Sparagna Genevieve C. , Miller Donald W. , Hatch Grant M. 
Published: May 2024

Aim: Barth syndrome (BTHS) is a rare X-linked genetic disease in which mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is impaired due to a mutation in the TAFAZZIN gene. The protein kinase C delta (PKCδ) signalosome exists as a high molecular weight complex in mitochondria and controls mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.
Method: Here, we examined PKCδ levels in mitochondria of aged-matched control and BTHS patient B lymphoblasts and its association with a higher molecular weight complex in mitochondria.
Result: Immunoblot analysis of blue-native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis mitochondrial fractions revealed an increase in total PKCδ protein expression in BTHS lymphoblasts compared to controls. In contrast, PKCδ associated with a higher molecular weight complex was markedly reduced in BTHS patient B lymphoblasts compared to controls. Given the decrease in PKCδ associated with a higher molecular weight complex in mitochondria, we examined the uptake of creatine, a compound whose utilization is enhanced upon high energy demand. Creatine uptake was markedly elevated in BTHS lymphoblasts compared to controls.
Conclusion: We hypothesize that reduced PKCδ within this higher molecular weight complex in mitochondria may contribute to the bioenergetic defects observed in BTHS lymphoblasts and that enhanced creatine uptake may serve as one of several compensatory mechanisms for the defective mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation observed in these cells.
Lower hepatic CBS and PEMT expression in advanced NAFLD: inferencing strategies to lower homocysteine with a mathematical model
Authors: Suzuki Ayako , Henao Ricardo , Reed Michael C. , Nijhout H. Frederik , Tripathi Madhulika , Singh Brijesh Kumar , Yen Paul Michael , Diehl Anna Mae , Abdelmalek Manal F. 
Published: May 2024

Aim: Hepatic homocysteine (Hcy) accumulation promotes inflammation and fibrosis in experimental nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), while vitamin B12 and folate reduce hepatic Hcy and protect animals from nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. This suggests clinical implications for preventing/treating patients with NAFLD. Given the known sex-specific regulation of one-carbon metabolism (OCM), the response to various OCM cofactors may vary by sex and reproductive status. We aimed to strategize an effective Hcy-lowering treatment in broader NAFLD patients while discerning disparities in treatment responses.
Methods: We analyzed existing hepatic microarray data relevant to Hcy metabolism with clinical and histologic data from patients with NAFLD (N = 82), while considering potential age/sex disparities. Additionally, we performed computer simulation analyses using a mathematical model of OCM to predict hepatic Hcy-lowering effects of OCM cofactors by sex.
Results: Of 82 patients with NAFLD, 98% had at least one metabolic feature [i.e., metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)]. Lower hepatic gene expressions of cystathionine-beta synthase (CBS ) and phosphatidyl- ethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT ) were associated with more severe fibrosis in NAFLD, while sub-analysis suggested possible variations by age and sex. The simulation analysis demonstrated sex differences in the Hcy-lowering effects of the OCM cofactors (vitamins B6 and B12, folate, and betaine), with the combination of these cofactors consistently showing the maximum Hcy-lowering effect in both sexes.
Conclusion: We theorize that the combination of OCM cofactors would maximize Hcy-lowering effects in the broader MASLD population. Our findings also underscore the importance of considering sex and age in designing future studies on homocysteine metabolism.
FRET-FISH probes chromatin compaction at individual genomic loci in single cells
Authors: Mota Ana , Berezicki Szymon , Wernersson Erik , Harbers Luuk , Li-Wang Xiaoze , Gradin Katarina , Peuckert Christiane , Crosetto Nicola , Bienko Magda 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Chromatin compaction is a key biophysical property that influences multiple DNA transactions. Lack of chromatin accessibility is frequently used as proxy for chromatin compaction. However, we currently lack tools for directly probing chromatin compaction at individual genomic loci. To fill this gap, here we present FRET-FISH, a method combining fluorescence resonance energy transference (FRET) with DNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to probe chromatin compaction at select loci in single cells. We first validate FRET-FISH by comparing it with ATAC-seq, demonstrating that local compaction and accessibility are strongly correlated. FRET-FISH also detects expected differences in compaction upon treatment with drugs perturbing global chromatin condensation. We then leverage FRET-FISH to study local chromatin compaction on the active and inactive X chromosome, along the nuclear radius, in different cell-cycle phases, and during increasing passage number. FRET-FISH is a robust tool for probing local chromatin compaction in single cells.
Deciphering the Ages of Saline Water in the Baltic Sea by Anthropogenic Radiotracers
Authors: Qiao Jixin , Lin Mu , Hou Xiaolin , She Jun , Murawski Jens 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The slow water renewal endows the Baltic Sea a strong retention of pollutants/nutrients. Constraining water age is a practical way to depict the transport pathways/timescales for water masses and accompanying soluble substances. Although the water ages in the Baltic Sea have been resolved by 3D ocean models 20 years ago, the simulated results have not been verified. In this work, we exploited two anthropogenic radionuclides (129I and 236U) as an age marker to constrain the ages of inflowing North Sea saline waters into the Baltic Sea. Our results indicate that the Baltic Sea has a highly stratified structure with distinctly different timescales for surface-water and deep-water circulations (3 ± 2 and 20 ± 3 years, respectively), providing the first observation-based proof for the multi-decadal retention of (radioactive) pollutants within the Baltic Sea. This work demonstrates the power of anthropogenic radiotracers in investigating hydrodynamic processes in the Northwestern European coastal areas.
Predicting the Rate of Inflation in Uzbekistan using seasonal ARIMA models
Authors: Ray Indrajit Sinha , Kler Rajneesh , Priyanshu Deepa , Mouqdadi Mahera , Arora Manik , Ather Danish 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Adopting the univariate time series modeling, particularly the ARIMA and seasonal ARIMA models, the current study attempts to forecast the rate of inflation for the Uzbek economy. The current macroeconomic monetary policy regime in case of Uzbekistan is to contain the rate of inflation and the economic policies and reforms of the country are also targeting to bring the medium-term inflation to about 5% in near future. Utilizing the data on month-on-month inflation and year on year inflation published by the Central Bank of Uzbekistan the study tries to fit an appropriate model looking at the seasonal fluctuations and cyclical trends as embedded in the inflation data. An in-depth econometric analysis is carried out using the univariate time series modeling and appropriate statistical test such as augmented Dickey fuller test for unit root the auto correlogram function and the partial auto correlogram function. As per the results of the test an appropriate autoregressive integrated moving average model is fitted of the relevant order to forecast the month on month and year on year inflation rate for next five months commencing October 2023. The predicted values of the rate of inflations are also tested against the actual realized values and the result of the study shows that the predicted values are approximate to the actual realized inflation rates. This leads to strong policy directions which will be helpful for the monetary authorities to direct the policy towards achieving the objective of targeted inflation rate for the Uzbek economy.
Immediate Loading of Implants Placed in Fresh Extraction Sockets in the Posterior Region. A Systematic Review
Authors: Sadykov Alexander , Romanenko Natalia , Mirosh Danil , Polyakova Tatyana 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Purpose: To determine the essential torque, length and diameter of implant inserted into fresh extraction socket in posterior region in order to load it immediately. To find out the preferred bone type and peri-implant changes after loading.
Materials and methods: This study is based on searching scientific research papers using the following databases: MEDLINE - PubMed, Google Schoolar, Scopus, Cochrane, Web of Science. No filters and limits were used. Indexed databases were searched from 1990 up to 2023 using the following terms in different combinations: “immediate loading of implants”, “in the posterior”, “immediate implant placement/insertion”, “immediate provisionalization”, “fresh extraction sockets”, “bone density”, “torque”, “primary stability”, “peri-implant tissues”. The selection process started by carefully reading the title, followed by the abstract, the objectives and the full body of each article and paper. Articles identified as being potentially relevant based on their titles were evaluated by a reading of their full text, including reference to objectives, methods/approaches, and participants/populations and results. Studies that are not eligible based on the examination of the full text were excluded. Two articles were of the animal studies. The rest of 8 studies were the controlled clinical trials.
Results: A total of 201 studies were searched on indexed databases. However, only 10 of the papers met the inclusion criteria. Four groups of authors indicate the use of conical implants. Regardless of placement location, the most commonly used wide implant is greater than 3.5 mm. Meanwhile all authors followed the standard surgical protocal and placed the implants with an insertion torque ≥35 Ncm except for Degidi et al. (2006) who used ≥25 Ncm.
There is no significant difference among survival rate of immediate and delayed placed implants.
Evaluation of bone density was made according to the criteria by Lekholm and Zarb (1985) and Misch, Judy (1987).
Conclusion: The current systematic review shows that immediate loading of implants inserted in fresh extraction sockets in the posterior demonstrates good treatment outcome with regard to implant survival and marginal bone loss.
Biochemical and histological changes in sesame roots associated with charcoal rot disease resistance and enhancing plant growth induced by gamma-irradiated seeds at low doses
Authors: Ahmed Hoda A. M. , Moharam Moustafa H.A. , Mahdy Ahmed Y. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The current study aimed at irradiating sesame seeds with gamma radiation at 4.22, 8.45, 12.68, and 16.9 Gy and 2 and 4 cm to control charcoal rot disease caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Mp) and also investigating their effects on some biochemical and histological changes in sesame roots associated with charcoal rot disease resistance with enhancing plant growth, seed yield, and oil content. In pot and field experiments under either artificial or natural soil infestation with the Mp inoculum, sowing of irradiated sesame seeds with gamma radiation at low doses significantly reduced the incidence of charcoal rot disease recorded based on root colonization by the Mp fungus and developed symptoms and enhanced plant growth measured by increasing plant height, number of capsules, and seed yield per plant, as well as percent of seed oil content compared with the control of non-irradiated seeds. The irradiation dose of 12.68 Gy was the most effective, followed by the 8.45 Gy dose. The biochemical study of sesame roots associated with charcoal rot disease resistance induced by gamma-irradiating seeds at 12.68 Gy at 2 cm showed a gradual increase in the total protein content, the activity of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase, phenolic, and lignin contents in plant roots for up to 28 days compared to those originated from non-irradiated seeds. The histological study of the protected plant roots at 28 days old originating from seeds exposed to a 12.68 Gy dose showed a high thickening of the cuticle and epidermis cell walls and lignified cortical cells.