bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depression at patients with diabetes mellitus type II and macro vascular diseases
Authors: Rekleiti M. , Kyriazis I. , Saridi M. , Kyloudis P. , Wozniak G. , Roupa Z. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionThe presence of macro vascular diseases is common among patients with diabetes mellitus, with result the increase of danger for depression appearance.The attack of greater vessels (macro vascular disease) conducts to the appearance of coronary disease, vascular brain episodes(strokes) and peripheral vasculopathy.Aimof this study was the examination of the relation between depression and the existence of macro vascular diseases at patients with diabetes mellitus type II.Material-methods164 diabetics were examined (72 male and 92 female, medieval age 66,9 ± 11,53 years), at diabetological clinics. The tools that were used at this study was the scale of depression self evaluation of Zung and a structured questionnaire about the existence of macro vascular diseases. The analysis was done with the statistic package SPSS 18.0.Results64,6% of diabetics reported hypertension and 61% dyslipidemia, 30,5% suffered from coronary disease and 26.2% of vascular brain episode (stroke), while 13,4% suffered from heart attack and 19,5% from other diseases. 50% of diabetics had depression at mild levels and another 20% at medium levels.ConclusionsThe majority of the sample appeared mild or medium degree depression and relation was observed between accompanying macro vascular diseases. The coronary disease, hypertension and dyslipidemia seemed to be independent prognostic factors of depression even after the abstraction of age effect and diseases duration effect, while the depressive effect of heart attack or stroke seemed to be effected mainly by age.
Examination of depression at patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Rekleiti M. , Wozniak G. , Saridi M. , Kyloudis P. , Toska A. , Kyriazis I. , Roupa Z. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionDepression is a dysfunction with great range of demonstrations and according to researches appears at person with diabetes mellitus two or three times more than in general population. The knowledge although about the reasons and the way that depression affects the management of diabetes are limited.AimOf this study was the examination of existence of possible depression at patients with diabetes mellitus.Material/method164 diabetics were studied (72 male and 92 female, medieval age 66,9 ± 11,53 years) at diabetic clinics. We used the self evaluation scale of Zung (ZDRS) and structured questionnaire about demographical and body measure data.The statistic analysis was done with the statistic package SPSS 18.0.Results57,3% of diabetics were overweight, and 30,5% obese, with high rates of central obesity (83,3% at males and 92,4% at females), while the big Index of Body Maze [r = 0,309, p = 0,001] and central obesity [t(162)=4,773, p = 0,001] were related significantly with depression. 50% of diabetics appeared depression symptoms at mild levels and 20% at medium levels, with the females [t(162)=3,26, p = 0,001] and elder to be related statistically significant with depression.ConclusionsThe majority of the sample appeared a level of mild or medium depression and correlation was observed between bad glycemic examinations. The daily and for many years effort of diabetes control can create the suitable situation for depressive symptomatology appearance. The examination and evaluation of the causative factors can help at the adaptation of diabetic and the solution of his problems.
Online pathways of depression
Authors: Roque Pereira M. , Pio Abreu J. 
Published: May 2011

ObjectivesEvaluation of concepts and reactions on a public online forum concerning depression.MethodsRevision of 100 consecutive entries posted using an adapted Collazzi method.ResultsComments were divided according to their content and the main subjects found were symptomatology, suicide, therapeutic advice and concerns about medication, psychotherapy and alternative therapies. The effect of a support group was found to be present based on the comments to each individual post by diminishing loneliness and deconstructing desperation. Non-therapeutic opinions were expressed and there were high levels os expressed emotion.ConclusionThe absence of a ealth professional as group moderator may lead to conflict and misleading remarks.
Psychopathological approach in interrelation of socially disabled people
Authors: Rosentzveig E. , Cozaru C.G. 
Published: May 2011

Social disability at institutionalized young people is emerging as a disadvantage compared with non-institutionalized, produced by the absence of family environment, by inadequate extra-school influences, or emotional and behavioral disorders. These disorders, subsequent to institutionalization, may lead to their transformation into other types of mental disorders, such as mental deficiency and social maladjustment.Thus, we tried a psycho-pedagogical and psychopathological approach of depression found in individuals with social disabilities (abandoned and institutionalized children in orphanages), aiming, with specific means, a theoretical and experimental understanding of known or probable relationship between depressive symptoms and social disability for abandoned children, the practical need being to identify early manifestations of depression and begin rapidly the treatment in children abandoned.Our conclusion was that young people in institutions are less able to regulate dysphoric-aggressive affects, compared to non-institutionalized children, which often develop conciliatory behaviors and present higher levels of tolerance.
Quantifying rater drift on the HAM-D in a sample of standardized rater training events: Implications for reliability and sample size calculations
Authors: Rothman B. , Yavorsky C. , De Fries A. , Gordon J. , Opler M. 
Published: May 2011

Introduction/objectives/aimsThough rater drift in clinical trials has long been understood to negatively impact trial results, few studies have systematically quantified this. We examined training data for the HAM-D (Hamilton Depression Scale, 17-item version) at two time points to measure the impact.MethodsRaters participating in a standardized training scored the HAM-D based on two videotaped interviews of depressed patients. To assess drift, data from an initial, post-online training session was compared to data obtained 12 months later. Intra-class correlation coefficients (Shrout & Fliess, 1979) and concordance with expert ratings were compared.ResultsIntra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) for raters (n = 167) following initial training were good to excellent for individual raters (.695–.976, p < .0001) and good for the overall cohort (.752, p < .0001). Concordance with expert ratings was excellent at 99.3%. The overall ICC fell to .730 at the second assessment and although the upper bound of individual performance remained in the good to excellent range, the frequency of scores in the poor to fair range (< .65) increased. Concordance also fell slightly to 87%.ConclusionsRater drift occurred over 12 months, as gauged by the metrics of reliability and concordance. Drift was apparent in a limited portion of the cohort but resulted in a lower overall ICC at the second time point. Because studies are generally powered assuming that the ICC remains stable, there are implications for both this power calculation and the required sample size.
Peripheral serotonin uptake is related to neural activation in the cingulate cortex
Authors: Scharinger C. , Kasess C. , Huf W. , Kalcher K. , Esterbauer H. , Sitte H. , Kasper S. , Moser E. , Pezawas L. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionMaximal serotonin transporter (5-HTT) densities have been found in the cingulate cortex, a cortical region that has been critically implicated in emotion processing and the pathophysiology of Major Depressive Disorder. Furthermore, serotonin (5-HT) re-uptake inhibition is the first line strategy in the treatment of depression.ObjectivesSince 5-HTTs are not restricted to neuronal cells, 5-HT uptake velocity (Vmax) can be easily measured on blood platelets subserving as peripheral model of neuronal 5-HTT function and related measures of neural activation.AimsTo determine whether peripheral 5-HTT uptake velocity is related to neural activation in the cingulate cortex during emotion processing.Methods48 healthy subjects underwent an fMRI paradigm comprising emotional (angry/fearful faces and scenes) and neutral stimuli (simple shapes). 5-HT Vmax was determined in platelets. Subjects were genotyped for a common triallelic polymorphism in the promoter region of the 5-HTT gene (5-HTTLPR).ResultsSignificant negative correlations between Vmax and BOLD-signal in the anterior and posterior portion of the cingulate cortex have been found. Cluster maxima within both regions were detected in the subgenual anterior cortex (−1.5, 28.5, −3.5, t = −3.77) and the ventral posterior cingulate cortex (−4.5, −49.5,14.5, t = −3.06). Genotype did not impact on this relationship.ConclusionsOur results indicate a clear dependency between a peripheral marker, platelet 5-HT uptake velocity, and neural activity in portions of the cingulate cortex for the first time.
An experimental investigation on the perception of depression among the public
Authors: Schmoeger M. , Schosser A. , Jantscher S. , Auff E. , Willinger U. 
Published: May 2011

Studies on beliefs regarding mental disorders take an interest in the question what beliefs about the causes are prevalent among the public. Studies using case vignettes concluded that lay beliefs about the causes of mental disorders clearly differ from the results of psychiatric research in view of the fact psychosocial factors are predominating in comparison with biological factors (Angermeyer & Dietrich, 2006). The aim of the present study is the evaluation of the impact of causal labels (biological/genetic, psychological/environmental or cause unknown), sex of the person described in a case vignette and sex of the participants on the perception of depression. The sample consists of 312 non-clinical participants (47.10% men, 52.90% women; mean age ± SD: 29.17 ± 12.76) who are not involved in mental health settings. To identify participants’ attitude towards depressive patients the experimental design of Lam et al. (2005) was modified and adjusted. A three way ANOVA was conducted to examine effects of causal labels, type of case vignette and sex of the participants on the attitude towards depressed patients. Simple main effects analysis only showed a significant main effect concerning sex of the participants (F = 5, 148, df = 1, p = 0,024).The results of the current study suggest that in comparison to men, women believe that depressive patients are more affected by the symptoms of the disorder. Neither the information about the aetiology of the disorder, nor sex of the person described in the case vignette seems to have an impact on the beliefs of the participants.
The effect of cognitive remediation with a biotic designed computer based training (Mebitrain) on depressive patients: A pilot study
Authors: Christ O. , Schwarz K. , Ohlmes S. , Berger H. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionComputer based trainings (CBTs) are established in the rehabilitation of mentally ill people to recover cognitive skills (Medalia et al., 2009). The Critique to some CBTs are lack of preparation for real life scenario, no use of tasks that simultaneously engage multiple cognitive processes and lack of enhancing motivation (Medalia & Choi, 2009). This may be summarized as a lack of biotic design in CBTs.ObjectiveIn depressive disorders besides other symptoms a lack of energy/motivation, forgetfulness and difficulty in concentrating are observable. The goal of this pilot study was to develop a new “biotic” designed CBT (Mebitrain) and evaluate its effect on global working memory (GWM) and motivation with data from patients suffering from depression.MethodsTo test whether Mebitrain enhances GWM (measured before and after a ten day training period with the LGT from Bäumler) and motivation (measured before and after training with custom rating scales and during the training with time and performance) five depressive (ICD diagnoses F31.0, F33.2, F32.3) patients were tested.ResultsDifferences between pre- (mean 33.6 ± 10.35) and post- (mean 38 ± 6) LGT values show a marginal significant trend (p = 0.1) with moderate effect size (d = .54).The time finishing the training decreased per training session significantly with an increasing in performance (r = −.788, p < .005).ConclusionFirst results indicate that the development of a biotic designed training and its application may increase global cognitive functions and motivation in depressive patients. Limitations (e.g. sample size, transfer, etc.) of this pilot study are discussed.
BDNF and NT3 concentrations in post-mortem brain tissue of individuals with recurrent depressive disorder
Authors: Sheldrick A.J. , Camara S. , Riederer P. , Michel T.M. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionNeurotrophines such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin 3 (NT3) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of depression and the therapeutic mechanism of antidepressants. Several clinical studies on depressive disorder (DD) have shown that levels of blood BDNF are diminished in depression and increase during antidepressant treatment. So far, only few studies have examined concentrations of neurotrophic factors in post-mortem brain tissue of individuals who suffered from DD.Objectives/aimsThe objective of the study was to show whether BDNF and NT3 levels in post-mortem brain tissue of individuals who suffered from recurrent DD and who had been treated with antidepressants differed compared to controls.MethodsSpecimens from cortical and limbic areas of post-mortem brain tissue of 7 individuals with an ante-mortem diagnosis of recurrent depressive disorder based on ICD-10 criteria (F33.0–F33.8) who received no psychotropic medication other than selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors 6 months preceding death were selected. We compared the concentrations of BDNF and NT3 with 14 matched controls without any history of psychiatric disorder or treatment with psychotropic drugs.ResultsWe detected no significant differences of either NT 3 or BDNF concentrations in any of the brain regions examined in patients who had suffered from DD and had been treated with antidepressants compared to controls.ConclusionsThese findings could be interpreted as a neurotrophic effect of antidepressant treatment in patients with recurrent DD, supporting the notion that depression improvement is associated with neuroplastic changes. However, more research using post-mortem brain tissue is needed.
The period before hospitalization of patients with depressive disorders
Authors: Shmunk E. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionDepressive disorders (DD) are common and disabling. Patients with DD often have to do a long way before seeing a mental health specialist.ObjectivesTo investigate characteristics of the period before hospitalization to psychiatric hospital of patients with DD.AimsTo define clinical peculiarities of DD, investigations, treatment of depressive patients before hospitalization.MethodsThe RDC of ICD-10 and «Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Seasonal Affective Disorders Version» were used.ResultsAfter informed agreement 102 patients with DD for the first time admitted to the psychiatric hospital were examined. The average duration of DD before psychiatric examination was 19,1 months (up to 312 months). The average number of visits to primary care (PC) was 3,6 (up to 49), the average number of investigations was 2,4 (up to 8). The most part of visits to PC felt at patients with heart complaints (р = 0,02), the less to patients with loss of energy (р = 0,0007). With the prolongation of DD the number of investigations, medications in PC and absence days increased (r > 0,2, р < 0,05). Patients with heart and gastrointestinal complaints had more investigations (р = 0,01; р = 0,03). 38,2% of patients were prescribed tranquilizers and only 23,5% antidepressants, but 54,2% of them had suboptimal dossages.ConclusionsTo summarize, in real clinical practice patients with DD still haven’t enough opportunities for early diagnostics and treatment. Systematic recognition of patient with DD, professional training of PC doctors of different specialities are cruicial.
Assessment of clinical depression comorbid to posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Simonović M.M. , Radisavljević M.M. , Grbeša G.B. 
Published: May 2011

The aim of this investigation was to determine the group of symptoms which are the most prominent in depression comorbid to PTSD and to compare delineated features with the similar features of the depressive episode which is a part of the primary major depressive disorder (MDD).Totally 120 patients were assessed and divided into the experimental (PTSD-depression) and control (depression-only group). The presence and the severity of the disorders were assessed by means of the following instruments: CAPS-DX, MADRS, 17-items HDRS and QIDS-SR. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA.Results showed that symptoms which differed most significantly between the two groups were: sleep disturbances, trouble concentrating, poor apeetite, inner tension, agitation, fatigue and loss of energy, guilt, loss of interest and pleasure and depressed mood.On the ground of the results obtained we reach the conclusion that depressive symptoms which were followed by PTSD are not the results of the increased activation of the neural circuits by the two pathophysiological processes, but there is the case of differential engagement of neural networks in which stimulation from the lower brain structures responsible for generation of emotional input, increasingly arrives into the upper brain structures, in which the more intense and deeper emotional processing takes place causing more intense experience of emotional stimuli and bridging the connection from perceptual and cognitive contents up to affective and visceral center of the organismus.
Implementation of a “stepped care” service for depression service limited rising antidepressant use: a population-based study
Authors: Smith M. , Morrison J. , Pelosi A. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionLike other European countries, the Defined Daily Dose (DDD) of antidepressants prescribed in Scotland increased almost fivefold in the fifteen years to 2007/8. The incidence and prevalence of depression has not changed over that period. It is not known whether this rise represents appropriate practice.AimsTo assess the impact of stepped, collaborative care for depression on population antidepressant use.MethodsA new depression service called “Doing Well” was implemented in 15/30 primary care practices in Renfrewshire, Scotland from July 2004 (population 76,013). Prescribing in these practices was compared with the remaining 15 “control” practices in Renfrewshire and with Scotland nationally.Doing Well offered prompt assessment and access to guided self-help or brief CBT or IPT. Antidepressants were not recommended for patients with a PHQ score < 15, though patient preference and clinical judgement were used to guide prescribing decisions.ResultsAntidepressant use followed a “rational” profile, increasing with depression severity:PHQ score at referral antidepressant use0–5 0%6–10 24%11–15 37%16–20 59%21–27 70%total 53%Average annual DDDs of antidepressants increased by 3.8% in the Doing Well practices, 11.8% in the control practices and 12.9% in Scotland during the four years to June 08. This represents a relative reduction in DDDs in the intervention area.ConclusionsProviding rapid, local access to brief psychological therapies and rational prescribing support was associated with a relative reduction in the rise of antidepressant use, but a modest increase in prescribing overall.
Treatment of depression, anxiety and breast cancer in slovenian female patients
Authors: Snoj Z. , Vucko I. , Licina M. , Primic Zakelj M. , Pregelj P. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionBeside psychological distress of breast cancer diagnosis and patophysiological characteristics of breast cancer it is also known that different treatments could have influence on mental well-being. The aim of this study was to investigate treatment of depression, anxiety and breast cancer in Slovenian female patients.ResultsIn the study were included 314 female patients with breast cancer treated at the Institute of Oncology Ljubljana between September 2004 and July 2005. Only 18 patients were not surgically treated. Majority (80%) of all patients were treated also with chemotherapy. In combination with chemotherapy 43% of all patients received also radiotherapy and 50% received also hormonal therapy. Altogether 72 (22,9%) patients expressed clinically important serious anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) score of 11 or more on anxiety subscale), 39 (12,4%) clinically significant serious depression (HAD score of 11 or more on depression subscale) and 51 (16,2%) clinically significant depression and anxiety combined (HAD score of 11 or more on both subscales). Among patients with clinically significant serious anxiety 19 (26,4%) patients were psychiatrically treated before inclusion into study. Among patients with clinically significant serious depression 13 (33,3%) patients were psychiatrically treated before inclusion into study and among patients with clinically significant serious anxiety and depression 24 (47,0%) patients were psychiatrically treated before inclusion into study.ConclusionsLess then half of patients with breast cancer with comorbid clinically significant expressed serious anxiety and/or depression has been psychiatrically treated before the inclusion in the study.
Mental health in the workplace
Authors: Sørensen H.Ø. , Munk-Joergensen P. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionDepression and simple phobia are the most prevalent mental illnesses among employees leading to an increased number of sick days, decreased social and professional function, job satisfaction, quality of life and increased risk of loss of work.Around 25% of the working population is affected by psychiatric symptoms in a way that is painful to the individual, but not of such severity that is qualifies as a genuine disease.Untreated and not early identified these cases could lead to actual mental illness.Moreover, less than half of those currently suffering from depression are provided with the correct diagnosis in general practice, and less the half, diagnosed correctly, receive the proper medical treatment.ObjectivesTo identify, treat and thereby interrupt pre-existing cases of mental illness in the workplace. To prevent worsening of minor cases of psychiatric illness and symptomatic cases not considered a genuine disease.AimsTo develop models for early tracing and treatment of mental illness in the workplace with consequent improved health status and quality of life for the individual and improved economy for the workplace and the public.MethodsThis intervention study includes larger companies with more than 100 employees in the Region of North Denmark.The study design is a before-after study using self-reporting questionnaires as a basis for identification of cases of mental illness and follow-up of treatment. The study uses clinical interview and examination for determining the need for treatment.ResultsResults not yet available.