bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beryllium abundances and the formation of the halo and the thick disk
Authors: Smiljanic Rodolfo , Pasquini L. , Bonifacio P. , Galli D. , Barbuy B. , Gratton R. , Randich S. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe single stable isotope of beryllium is a pure product of cosmic-ray spallation in the ISM. Assuming that the cosmic-rays are globally transported across the Galaxy, the beryllium production should be a widespread process and its abundance should be roughly homogeneous in the early-Galaxy at a given time. Thus, it could be useful as a tracer of time. In an investigation of the use of Be as a cosmochronometer and of its evolution in the Galaxy, we found evidence that in a log(Be/H) vs. [α/Fe] diagram the halo stars separate into two components. One is consistent with predictions of evolutionary models while the other is chemically indistinguishable from the thick-disk stars. This is interpreted as a difference in the star formation history of the two components and suggests that the local halo is not a single uniform population where a clear age-metallicity relation can be defined. We also found evidence that the star formation rate was lower in the outer regions of the thick disk, pointing towards an inside-out formation.
Chemical evolution of D in the Local Disk
Authors: Tsujimoto Takuji , Bland-Hawthorn Joss 
Published: April 2010

AbstractChemical features of the local disk have firmly established the picture for the formation of the Galactic disk that the star formation has proceeded under the continuous accretion of low-metallicity gas from the halo. It sets two determinant processes for the evolution of deuterium (D), that is, the destruction of D in the interior of stars and the supply of new (nearly) primordial D associated with the gas infall. Conventional Galactic chemical evolution (GCE) models predict that this scheme leads to a monotonic decrease in D/H with time and ends up in the present-day D/H abundance (D/H)0 which is severely lower than the recently observed estimates. These predicted features are the natural results of a construction of the metal-rich (~solar abundance) local star+gas system. Here we propose that the new GCE models, that incorporate large-scale winds form the Galactic bulge which entrain heavy elements and drop them on the disk with the recent tendency of star formation in tune with the observed implications, make the system rich in both metals and D. In addition, our finding of a gradual increase in D/H with time during the last several Gyr is observationally supported by the D/H abundance for the protosolar cloud lower than (D/H)0.
Does Religiosity Protect Against War-Related Distress? Evidence from Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Ringdal Gerd Inger , Ringdal Kristen 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe aim of this article is to test two hypotheses on the relationship between religiosity and war-related distress in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The article is based on a representative survey (n = 3,313) in Bosnia and Herzegovina during 2003–2004. The questionnaire included 15 items on war-related distress and 13 items on war experiences. From these items we developed a war-related distress scale, a war experiences scale, and several measures of religiosity. Regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between the war-related distress symptoms on the one hand, and religiosity and war experience on the other hand, controlling for a range of other variables. Religious beliefs and religious stability seem to protect against war-related distress, but religious activity works in the opposite direction to increase war-related distress. In conclusion, we found weak support for the first hypothesis, although the effects of religiosity on war-related distress seem more complex than expected. Our second hypotheses, that religiosity may work as a buffer to dampen the effects of war experiences on war-related distress, found no support.
Investigating the Global Impacts of the Agulhas Current
Authors: Zahn Rainer , Lutjeharms Johann , Biastoch Arne , Hall Ian , Knorr Gregor , Park Wonsun , Reason Chris 
Published: April 2010

The Agulhas Current is the major western boundary current of the Southern Hemisphere [Lutjeharms, 2006] and a key component of the global ocean “conveyor” circulation controlling the return flow to the Atlantic Ocean [Gordon, 1986]. As such, it is increasingly recognized as a key player in ocean thermohaline circulation, with importance for the meridional overturning circulation (MOC) of the Atlantic Ocean.Unusual dynamics pervade the motion of this warm‐water current—as it moves west around the southern tip of Africa, it is retroflected back east by the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Not all waters are captured by this sudden diversion of course—parts of the Agulhas Current leak away into the South Atlantic Ocean (Figure 1).
Helicopter Gravity Survey in the Dead Sea Area
Authors: Götze H. ‐J. , Meyer Uwe , Choi Sungchan 
Published: April 2010

Earthquakes have been reported in the Middle East since biblical times. Seismological studies demonstrate that many damaging earthquakes occurred along the Dead Sea Transform (DST), a long shear zone that extends from the Gulf of Aqaba/Eilat through the Dead Sea into the Sea of Galilee. To better understand the behavior and dynamics of the Dead Sea Transform, the Dead Sea Integrated Research (DESIRE) interdisciplinary and international project was initiated in 2006.The DST, which forms one of the world's largest pul‐apart basins (120 kilometers long, 20 kilometers wide, and about 10 kilometers deep), is a system of left‐lateral strike‐slip faults that accommodates about 105 kilometers of relative motion between the African and Arabian plates. To study the DST in places where it is easily accessible, the DESIRE project area focused on the Dead Sea basin (Figure 1).
A Catalyst for Ocean Acidification Research and Collaboration: Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry Short Course on Ocean Acidification; Woods Hole, Massachusetts, 2–13 November 2009
Authors: Benway Heather M. , Cooley Sarah P. , Doney Scott C. 
Published: April 2010

The Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry (OCB) program is a coordinating body for the U.S. research community that focuses on the ocean's role in the global Earth system, bringing together research in geochemistry, ocean physics, and ecology.With support from its federal sponsors (U.S. National Science Foundation, NASA, and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)) and the European Project on Ocean Acidification (EPOCA), the OCB Project Office coordinated and hosted a hands‐on ocean acidification short course at the Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI). The OCB Ocean Acidification Subcommittee (http://www.us‐ocb.org/about.html), chaired by Joan Kleypas (National Center for Atmospheric Research) and Richard Feely (Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, NOAA), provided critical guidance on the course scope, curriculum, and instructors.
Scientists' Letter Supports Climate Change Panel
Authors: Chell Kaitlin 
Published: April 2010

Recent media coverage about climate change has focused on errors in the 2007 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) and other concerns. In light of this media coverage, an open letter sent on 12 March to members of the U.S. Congress and various U.S. federal agencies in support of the IPCC has been signed (at Eos press time) by more than 250 U.S. scientists.The letter lays out the IPCC process and also examines climate science findings since the publication of AR4. “Our goal with this letter is to demonstrate the strong support that exists within the scientific community for the IPCC and its main findings,” Gary Yohe of Wesleyan University noted in a press release issued about the letter.
Ergatis: a web interface and scalable software system for bioinformatics workflows
Authors: Orvis Joshua , Crabtree Jonathan , Galens Kevin , Gussman Aaron , Inman Jason M. , Lee Eduardo , Nampally Sreenath , Riley David , Sundaram Jaideep P. , Felix Victor , Whitty Brett , Mahurkar Anup , Wortman Jennifer , White Owen , Angiuoli Samuel V. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Motivation: The growth of sequence data has been accompanied by an increasing need to analyze data on distributed computer clusters. The use of these systems for routine analysis requires scalable and robust software for data management of large datasets. Software is also needed to simplify data management and make large-scale bioinformatics analysis accessible and reproducible to a wide class of target users.
Results: We have developed a workflow management system named Ergatis that enables users to build, execute and monitor pipelines for computational analysis of genomics data. Ergatis contains preconfigured components and template pipelines for a number of common bioinformatics tasks such as prokaryotic genome annotation and genome comparisons. Outputs from many of these components can be loaded into a Chado relational database. Ergatis was designed to be accessible to a broad class of users and provides a user friendly, web-based interface. Ergatis supports high-throughput batch processing on distributed compute clusters and has been used for data management in a number of genome annotation and comparative genomics projects.
Availability: Ergatis is an open-source project and is freely available at http://ergatis.sourceforge.net
Contact: jorvis@users.sourceforge.net
Long‐term prognosis of combined chronic heart failure and chronic renal dysfunction after acute stroke
Authors: Tsagalis George , Bakirtzi Neratzoula , Spengos Konstantinos , Vemmou Anastasia , Manios Efstathios , Xinos Konstantinos , Vemmos Konstantinos 
Published: April 2010

AimsTo assess the prevalence of combined chronic heart failure and chronic renal dysfunction (CHF–CRD) in acute stroke patients and to investigate any prognostic significance on long‐term outcome.Methods and resultsFirst‐ever acute stroke patients (n = 831) were divided into four groups based on the presence of heart failure (HF, NYHA II–IV with or without left ventricular ejection fraction <40%) and/or renal dysfunction (RD, estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2). Patients with acute kidney injury and/or acute decompensated HF were excluded. Group 1 comprised patients without HF or RD (nHF + nRD), Group 2 patients with RD but no HF (nHF + RD), Group 3 those with HF and no RD (HF + nRD), whereas Group 4 included patients with both HF and RD (HF + RD). HF and RD were independent predictors of mortality at 10 years. Patients in Groups 2, 3, and 4 had an increased probability of death during follow‐up compared with Group 1: HR 1.34 (95% CI 1.02–1.77, P < 0.05) for group 2; HR 2.24 (95% CI 1.50–3.36, P < 0.001) for group 3; and HR 3.42 (95% CI 2.36–4.95, P < 0.001) for group 4. Age, history of transient ischaemic attacks and combined HF and RD were independent predictors of new cardiovascular events. When compared with Group 1, patients in Group 2 had an HR of 1.48 (95% CI 1.11–1.98, P < 0.01), those in Group 3 an HR of 2.21 (95% CI 1.48–3.29, P < 0.001), and those in Group 4 an HR of 3.59 (95% CI 2.40–5.39, P < 0.001).ConclusionThe combination of CHF–CRD after acute stroke is an independent predictor for mortality and new cardiovascular morbidity over 10 years.
High-Affinity K+ Transport in Arabidopsis: AtHAK5 and AKT1 Are Vital for Seedling Establishment and Postgermination Growth under Low-Potassium Conditions
Authors: Pyo Young Jae , Gierth Markus , Schroeder Julian I. , Cho Myeon Haeng 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Potassium (K+) is a major plant nutrient required for growth and development. It is generally accepted that plant roots absorb K+ through uptake systems operating at low concentrations (high-affinity transport) and/or high external concentrations (low-affinity transport). To understand the molecular basis of high-affinity K+ uptake in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), we analyzed loss-of-function mutants in AtHAK5 and AKT1, two transmembrane proteins active in roots. Compared with the wild type under NH4 +-free growth conditions, athak5 mutant plants exhibited growth defects at 10 μ m K+, but at K+ concentrations of 20 μ m and above, athak5 mutants were visibly indistinguishable from the wild type. While germination, scored as radicle emergence, was only slightly decreased in athak5 akt1 double mutants on low-K+ medium, double mutants failed to grow on medium containing up to 100 μ m K+ and growth was impaired at concentrations up to 450 μ m K+. Moreover, transfer of 3-d-old plants from high to low K+ concentrations led to growth defects and leaf chlorosis at 10 μ m K+ in athak5 akt1 double mutant plants. Determination of Rb+(K+) uptake kinetics in wild-type and mutant roots using rubidium (86Rb+) as a tracer for K+ revealed that high-affinity Rb+(K+) uptake into roots is almost completely abolished in double mutants and impaired in single mutants. These results strongly indicate that AtHAK5 and AKT1 are the two major, physiologically relevant molecular entities mediating high-affinity K+ uptake into roots during seedling establishment and postgermination growth and that residual Rb+(K+) uptake measured in athak5 akt1 double mutant roots is insufficient to enable plant growth.
The Mechanism of Boron Mobility in Wheat and Canola Phloem
Authors: Stangoulis James , Tate Max , Graham Robin , Bucknall Martin , Palmer Lachlan , Boughton Berin , Reid Robert 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Low-molecular-weight borate complexes were isolated from canola (Brassica napus) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) phloem exudates, as well as the cytoplasm of the fresh-water alga Chara corallina, and identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Phloem exudate was collected from field-grown canola inflorescence stalks by shallow incision, while wheat phloem exudate was collected by aphid stylectomy. Chara cytoplasm was collected by careful manual separation of the cell wall, vacuole, and cytosolic compartments. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry showed the presence of isotopic borate complexes, at mass-to-charge ratio of 690.22/691.22 in the canola and wheat phloem and at 300.11/301.11 in canola phloem and Chara cytoplasm. Using reference compounds, the borate complexes with mass-to-charge ratio 690.22/691.22 was identified as a bis-sucrose (Suc) borate complex in which the 4,6-hydroxyl pairs from the two α-glucopyranoside moieties formed an [L2B]−1 complex. Further investigation using liquid chromatography electrospray ionization triple quadrupole mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the presence of the bis-Suc borate complex in wheat phloem with a concentration up to 220 μ m. The 300.11/301.11 complex was putatively identified as a bis-N-acetyl-serine borate complex but its concentration was below the detection limits of the liquid chromatography electrospray ionization triple quadrupole mass spectrometer so could not be quantified. The presence of borate complexes in the phloem provides a mechanistic explanation for the observed phloem boron mobility in canola and wheat and other species that transport Suc as their primary photoassimilate.
An Autoinhibitory Domain Confers Redox Regulation to Maize Glycerate Kinase
Authors: Bartsch Oliver , Mikkat Stefan , Hagemann Martin , Bauwe Hermann 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Glycerate 3-kinase (GLYK) is the terminal enzyme of the photorespiratory cycle in plants and many cyanobacteria. For several C4 plants, notably grasses of the NADP-malic enzyme (ME) subtype, redox regulation of GLYK has been reported, but the responsible molecular mechanism is not known. We have analyzed the enzyme from the NADP-ME C4 plant maize (Zea mays) and found that maize GLYK, in contrast to the enzyme from C3 plants and a dicotyledonous NADP-ME C4 plant, harbors a short carboxy-terminal extension. In its oxidized (night) form, a disulfide bridge is formed between the two cysteine residues present in this extra domain, and GLYK activity becomes inhibited. Cleavage of this bond by thioredoxin f produces the fully active thiol form, releasing autoinhibition. Fusion of the maize GLYK redox-regulatory domain to GLYK from C3 plants confers redox regulation to these otherwise unregulated enzymes. It appears that redox regulation of GLYK could be an exclusive feature of monocotyledonous C4 plants of the NADP-ME type, in which linear electron transport occurs only in the mesophyll chloroplasts. Hence, we suggest that GLYK, in addition to its function in photorespiration, provides glycerate 3-phosphate for the accelerated production of triose phosphate and its export from the mesophyll. This could facilitate the activation of redox-regulated Calvin cycle enzymes and the buildup of Calvin cycle intermediates in the bundle sheath of these particular C4 plants during the dark/light transition.
Chitin synthase‐deficient mutant of Fusarium oxysporum elicits tomato plant defence response and protects against wild‐type infection
Authors: PAREJA‐JAIME YOLANDA , MARTÍN‐URDÍROZ MAGDALENA , RONCERO MARÍA ISABEL GONZÁLEZ , GONZÁLEZ‐REYES JOSÉ ANTONIO , ROLDÁN MARÍA DEL CARMEN RUIZ 
Published: April 2010

SUMMARYA mutant of the root pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, deficient in class V chitin synthase, has been shown previously to be nonvirulent. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the cause of its avirulence could be the elicitation of the induced plant defence response, leading to the restriction of fungal infection. Co‐inoculation of tomato plants with the wild‐type strain and the ΔchsV mutant resulted in a significant reduction in symptom development, supporting a protective mechanism exerted by the mutant. The ability of the mutant to penetrate and colonize plant tissues was determined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, as well as fluorescence microscopy using green fluorescent protein‐ or cherry fluorescent protein‐labelled fungal strains. The extent of wild‐type strain colonization in co‐inoculated plants decreased steadily throughout the infection process, as shown by the quantification of fungal biomass using real‐time polymerase chain reaction. The hypothesis that defence responses are activated by the ΔchsV mutant was confirmed by the analysis of plant pathogenesis‐related genes using real‐time reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction. Tomato plants inoculated with the ΔchsV mutant showed a three fold increase in endochitinase activity in comparison with wild‐type inoculated plants. Taken together, these results suggest that the perturbation of fungal cell wall biosynthesis results in elicitation of the plant defence response during the infection process.
Lecanicillium fungicola: causal agent of dry bubble disease in white‐button mushroom
Authors: BERENDSEN ROELAND L. , BAARS JOHAN J. P. , KALKHOVE STEFANIE I. C. , LUGONES LUIS G. , WÖSTEN HAN A. B. , BAKKER PETER A. H. M. 
Published: April 2010

SUMMARY Lecanicillium fungicola causes dry bubble disease in commercially cultivated mushroom. This review summarizes current knowledge on the biology of the pathogen and the interaction between the pathogen and its most important host, the white‐button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus. The ecology of the pathogen is discussed with emphasis on host range, dispersal and primary source of infection. In addition, current knowledge on mushroom defence mechanisms is reviewed.Taxonomy: Lecanicillium fungicola (Preuss) Zare and Gams: Kingdom Fungi; Phylum Ascomycota; Subphylum Pezizomycotina; Class Sordariomycetes; Subclass Hypocreales; Order Hypocreomycetidae; Family Cordycipitaceae; genus Lecanicillium.Host range: Agaricus bisporus, Agaricus bitorquis and Pleurotus ostreatus. Although its pathogenicity for other species has not been established, it has been isolated from numerous other basidiomycetes.Disease symptoms: Disease symptoms vary from small necrotic lesions on the caps of the fruiting bodies to partially deformed fruiting bodies, called stipe blow‐out, or totally deformed and undifferentiated masses of mushroom tissue, called dry bubble. The disease symptoms and severity depend on the time point of infection. Small necrotic lesions result from late infections on the fruiting bodies, whereas stipe blow‐out and dry bubble are the result of interactions between the pathogen and the host in the casing layer.Economic importance: Lecanicillium fungicola is a devastating pathogen in the mushroom industry and causes significant losses in the commercial production of its main host, Agaricus bisporus. Annual costs for mushroom growers are estimated at 2–4% of total revenue. Reports on the disease originate mainly from North America and Europe. Although China is the main producer of white‐button mushrooms in the world, little is known in the international literature about the impact of dry bubble disease in this region.Control: The control of L. fungicola relies on strict hygiene and the use of fungicides. Few chemicals can be used for the control of dry bubble because the host is also sensitive to fungicides. Notably, the development of resistance of L. fungicola has been reported against the fungicides that are used to control dry bubble disease. In addition, some of these fungicides may be banned in the near future.Useful websites: http://www.mycobank.org; http://www.isms.biz; http://www.cbs.knaw.nl
Impaired fetal growth decreases the risk of childhood atopic eczema: a Swedish twin study
Authors: Lundholm C. , Örtqvist A. K. , Lichtenstein P. , Cnattingius S. , Almqvist C. 
Published: April 2010

SummaryBackground
Studies have found associations between birth weight and risk of atopic eczema or allergic rhinitis (AR), although this could be due to confounding.Objective
We sought to evaluate associations between fetal growth and the risk of atopic eczema or AR in childhood, controlling for gestational age (GA), shared (familial) environmental and genetic factors.Methods
Data on atopic eczema, AR, birth characteristics and confounders were collected from registers and telephone interviews with the parents of 9‐ and 12‐year‐old twins. Firstly, cohort analyses on all twins (eczema n=10 132 and AR n=10 896) were performed. Secondly, to control for genetic and shared environment, co‐twin‐control analyses were performed in twin pairs discordant for atopic eczema (n=480) and AR (n=332).Results
The rate of atopic eczema increased with birth weight, from 12.6% in twin children <2000 g to 17.3% in children 3500 g. The rate of AR varied between 7.8% and 8.8%. In the cohort analyses, the odds ratio (OR) for atopic eczema was 1.62 (95% CI: 1.27–2.06) for 500 g increase in birth weight and 1.00 (95% CI: 0.75–1.33) for AR. In co‐twin‐control analyses on atopic eczema, OR was 3.93 (95% CI: 1.55–9.98) for 500 g increase in birth weight, with no significant difference between monozygotic and dizygotic twins (P=0.84).Conclusions
We found a positive association between fetal growth and childhood atopic eczema, but not AR, independent of GA, shared environmental and genetic factors. This indicates fetal growth affects the immune system, and supports further studies on early mechanisms. Cite this as: C. Lundholm, A. K. Örtqvist, P. Lichtenstein, S. Cnattingius and C. Almqvist, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2010 (40) 1044–1053.