bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in Polymeric Systems for Tissue Engineering and Biomedical Applications
Authors: Ravichandran Rajeswari , Sundarrajan Subramanian , Venugopal Jayarama Reddy , Mukherjee Shayanti , Ramakrishna Seeram 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe characteristics of tissue engineered scaffolds are major concerns in the quest to fabricate ideal scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. The polymer scaffolds employed for tissue engineering applications should possess multifunctional properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability and favorable mechanical properties as it comes in direct contact with the body fluids in vivo. Additionally, the polymer system should also possess biomimetic architecture and should support stem cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. As the progress in polymer technology continues, polymeric biomaterials have taken characteristics more closely related to that desired for tissue engineering and clinical needs. Stimuli responsive polymers also termed as smart biomaterials respond to stimuli such as pH, temperature, enzyme, antigen, glucose and electrical stimuli that are inherently present in living systems. This review highlights the exciting advancements in these polymeric systems that relate to biological and tissue engineering applications. Additionally, several aspects of technology namely scaffold fabrication methods and surface modifications to confer biological functionality to the polymers have also been discussed. The ultimate objective is to emphasize on these underutilized adaptive behaviors of the polymers so that novel applications and new generations of smart polymeric materials can be realized for biomedical and tissue engineering applications.magnified image
Alternating Diene Metathesis Polycondensation (ALTMET) – Opitimizing Catalyst Loading
Authors: Abbas Mudassar , Wappel Julia , Slugovc Christian 
Published: January 2012

AbstractSummary: Olefin metathesis polymerization is a flexible and easy way to prepare highly functionalized macromolecules with high precision. Within this context, the efficiency of a series of ruthenium based catalysts in the polycondensation of dienes with diacrylates yielding alternating copolymers is studied. Previous works with Grubbs 2nd generation catalyst are compared with Hoveyda 2nd generation catalyst that was found to be much more efficient in these reactions giving reasonable conversions and thus high molecular weights at low catalyst loading. Additionally the performance of several other Hoveyda type catalysts has been studied.
Process Induced Micro Structure Evolution in Polyester Polyurethane and Mechanical Properties Relationship
Authors: Frick Achim , Mikoszek Marzena 
Published: January 2012

AbstractSummary:MDI‐HQEE‐Capa based thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) with Shore hardness of 94 A was injection molded. In order to study the influence of melt conditions on the material structure evolution and resulting mechanical properties a systematical variation in processing temperatures in the range between 195 °C and 250 °C was applied. The mold temperature was kept constant at 60 °C. Process induced samples morphologies were investigated by means of light microscope (LM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Mechanical visco‐elastic properties were determined by means of cyclic tensile experiment and were correlated with results of structural investigations. The evaluation of morphology micrographs of raw TPU material and specimens molded at different temperatures shows a reduction in visual crystalline fraction. This gains a distinct change in the deformation behavior of injection molded TPU with increasing melt processing temperature.
Fluorierung von closo,closo‐[B21H18]– mit aHF und F2 zu closo,closo‐[B21H18–xFx]– (x = 1–3) und closo,closo‐[B21F18]–
Authors: Schlüter Florian , Bernhardt Eduard 
Published: January 2012

Abstract[B21H18]– reacts with anhydrous HF at 100 °C, depending on the reaction time, to various compounds with the form[7‐F‐B21H17]–, [7, 8′‐F2‐B21H16]–, [7, 8‐F2‐B21H16]–, [7, 8, 9′‐F3‐B21H15]–and [7, 8, 9‐F3‐B21H15]–. [B21F18]– is available by the reaction of [B21H18]– with F2 in aHF. The mentioned borates were characterized by NMR spectroscopy. Crystal structures of salts with [B21H18–xFx]–(x = 1–3) were determined.
The effect of tuberculosis on ovarian reserve among women undergoing IVF in India
Authors: Malhotra Neena , Sharma Vaishali , Bahadur Anupama , Sharma Jai B. , Roy Kalol K. , Kumar Sunesh 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo assess ovarian reserve in infertile women with genital tuberculosis planning to undergo in vitro fertilization and in women of proven fertility, and compare the findings.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted at an outpatient gynecology unit with 104 women with genital tuberculosis and 104 healthy controls. In each group, ovarian reserve tests consisted in estimating serum levels of follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol, and inhibin B on day 3 of a natural menstrual cycle. On the same day ovarian volume, number of antral follicles, and ovarian stromal blood flow were also estimated.ResultsThe mean FSH and LH levels were significantly higher, and the mean inhibin B levels were significantly lower, among the participants with genital tuberculosis than among the controls. Conversely, the mean ovarian volume and the mean number of antral follicles were significantly lower among the participants with genital tuberculosis, as were the mean peak systolic velocity and pulsatility index for each ovary.ConclusionThere is no single absolute predictor of ovarian reserve, but combining the current assessment methods provides a close estimation of a woman's reproductive capability. Values for the studied markers showed that ovarian reserve was compromised in women with genital tuberculosis.
Incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus in Bahrain from 2002 to 2010
Authors: Rajab Khalil E. , Issa Abdulla A. , Hasan Zuheir A. , Rajab Ebrahim , Jaradat Ahmed A. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the incidence and trends of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Bahrain from 2002 to 2010, and to investigate 2 possible risk factors within the affected population.MethodsIn a retrospective survey, data on maternal body weight and age were collected from women who gave birth in government maternity units in Bahrain and who were screened for GDM during pregnancy using the 2‐step approach and criteria of the US Expert Committee on the diagnosis and classification of diabetes.ResultsAmong 49 552 pregnant women, 4982 (10.1%) were diagnosed with gestational diabetes. The Cox–Stuart test for trend analysis suggested that there was an increase in the incidence of gestational diabetes from 7.2% in 2002 to 12.5% in 2010 (P < 0.01). For the period 2006–2010, maternal age, and weight at onset of pregnancy and at time of delivery were positively associated with risk of GDM with an odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 1.094 (1.081–1.107), 1.081 (1.001–1.104), and 1.027 (1.013–1.040), respectively.ConclusionA combination of increasing maternal weight, maternal age, and incidence of GDM among women in Bahrain indicates a significant future burden on health services.
Dynamics of vorticity defects in stratified shear flow
Authors: Balmforth N. J. , Roy A. , Caulfield C. P. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractWe consider the linear stability and nonlinear evolution of two-dimensional shear flows that take the form of an unstratified plane Couette flow that is seeded with a localized ‘defect’ containing sharp density and vorticity variations. For such flows, matched asymptotic expansions furnish a reduced model that allows a straightforward and computationally efficient exploration of flows at sufficiently high Reynolds and Péclet numbers that sharp density and vorticity gradients persist throughout the onset, growth and saturation of instability. We are thereby able to study the linear and nonlinear dynamics of three canonical variants of stratified shear instability: Kelvin–Helmholtz instability, the Holmboe instability, and the lesser-considered Taylor instability, all of which are often interpreted in terms of the interactions of waves riding on sharp interfaces of density and vorticity. The dynamics near onset is catalogued; if the interfaces are sufficiently sharp, the onset of instability is subcritical, with a nonlinear state existing below the linear instability threshold. Beyond onset, both Holmboe and Taylor instabilities are susceptible to inherently two-dimensional secondary instabilities that lead to wave mergers and wavelength coarsening. Additional two-dimensional secondary instabilities are also found to appear for higher Prandtl numbers that take the form of parasitic Holmboe-like waves.
XII.—On some Accounts of the Royal Wardrobe in the Reigns of Edward I. and Edward II
Authors: Milman Henry Salusbury 
Published: January 2012

At the meeting of the Society on this day, the Earl of Ashburnham exhibited the MS. Account of the Keeper of the Royal Wardrobe for 28 Edward I. 1299–1300, for comparison with that of the Controller of the Royal Wardrobe for the same year, which has long been in the Society's library, and was printed by them in 1787. The volume exhibited is described in theCatalogue of the Ashburnham MSS.Appendix, 1861, No. cxv. In connection with this exhibition the Director made the following remarks:—“At the above period of history there were always, as I shall presently show, two concurrent Accounts of the Royal Wardrobe, the Keeper's Account and the Controller's Account, but in no instance but this, so far as I know, have both for the same period survived to our time.The Keeper's Account before us was acquired by the late Earl of Ashburnham, and, through the courtesy of the present Earl, Fellow of our Society, has been left here for several weeks for our perusal.
VI.—On the words “O Sapientia” in the Kalendar
Authors: Green Everard 
Published: January 2012

In theBook of Common Prayer, in the Kalendar, on December the sixteenth, the wordsO Sapientiaoccur, which words some have fondly imagined to be the names of a Virgin and Martyr, whom they tried, “with much ingenuity and more ignorance,” to prove one of the companions of S. Ursula; (1) and others have confounded theO Sapientiawith the mediaevaldevotionof the XV. O's, (2) which in no shape or form was, at any time, part of a liturgical service, but merely fifteen private prayers each beginning with the letter 0, as may be seen in Mr. Maskell'sMonumenta Ritualia. (3) These XV. O's, however, are of some interest, as they were printed by Caxton in English, and are to be found in most of ourPrymers. (3)
XXII.—On the Castra of the Littus Saxonicum, and particularly the Castrum of Othona
Authors: Lewin Thomas 
Published: January 2012

The castra of the Littus Saxonicum were nine in number, and are thus catalogued in the Notitia, the military survey made of the Roman empire in the last stage of its existence:1. Branodunum or Brancaster.2. Garianonum or Burgh Castle.3. Regulbium or Reculver.4. Rutupiæ or Richborough.5. Dubræ or Dover.6. Lemanse or Lymne.7. Anderida or Pevensey.8. Portus Adurni or Bramber Castle.9. Othona.In discussing the subject of the castra I propose to follow the course which my own mind took during the investigation.
XIX.—On discoveries of Remains of the Roman Wall of London, by William Tite, Esq., M.P., F.R.S., F.S.A.: in a letter to Frederic Ouvry, Esq., Treasurer
Authors: Tite William 
Published: January 2012

In April of the year 1854 I had the honour of addressing to you a letter on the subject of a tessellated pavement of considerable beauty which was discovered in Bishopsgate Street in digging for the foundation of Gresham House. That paper was subsequently printed in the thirty-sixth volume of the Archæologia, and at page 209 the following passage occurs :—“In the summer of 1853 the excavations on the north side of the Tower on Tower Hill showed in situ distinct remains of Roman work in part of the inclosure wall of Roman London on that side.
X.—Notes on a Picture representing the Three Children of Philip King of Castile, in the possession of Evelyn Philip Shirley, Esq., F.S.A.
Authors: Scharf George 
Published: January 2012

The curious triptych figured in Plate XV. appears to have been, in the first instance, a gift from Philippe le Beau and Jeanne la Folle, parents of the children therein represented, to King Henry VII., to commemorate a visit which they unexpectedly paid to this country at the beginning of 1505.The triptych has been ascertained, by means of a brief entry in an inventory taken for Henry VIII. of goods and furniture deposited in his Palace of Westminster, to have been royal property in 1542. It is there denominated “a folding table,” and occurs at the end of a long series of royal portraits.
VIII.—An Account of Roman Remains found at Duston in Northamptonshire
Authors: Sharp Samuel 
Published: January 2012

In the county of Northampton there are many sites which afford evidence of occupation by the Romans, either for military or domestic purposes.Not only have we in the eastern extremity of the county, at Castor and in the neighbourhood, the remains of the city and great pottery works of Durobrivæ, with, in Huntingdonshire, the nearly-adjacent camp of Chesterton, and in the western portion of the county, near Daventry, the famous military station of Burrow Hill; but, besides these, along the valley of the Nen River and further westward, minor military stations are to be traced, which, occurring at short intervals, represent (as it has been suggested) a line of frontier and of military defence which was established by Ostorius Scapula, the Roman general in Britain under Claudius, and which extended from the Wash (Metaris Æstuarium) to the Bristol Channel.
XVII.—Notes on Excavations in Rome during the Winter of 1868-9
Authors: Parker John Henry 
Published: January 2012

The recent excavations in Rome, of which I gave you some account at this time last year, have been carried on with constantly increasing vigour, and the results obtained in the way of more accurate information have not been less important.Site of Porta Capena disputed.—By fixing the site of the Porta Capena we almost necessarily fix the sites of other buildings in that part of ancient Rome—the first regio of Augustus—and we demonstrate that the whole of the fourteen regiones were within the existing walls, as there were strong reasons to believe on other grounds.
XI.—On the Discovery of the Remains of the Priory of Austin Friars at Ludlow
Authors: Botfield Beriah 
Published: January 2012

The early history of Ludlow has been so well detailed by Mr. Eyton in his Antiquities of Shropshire, and has been so elaborately illustrated by Mr. Wright in his volume specially devoted to the subject, that I need not enlarge on its general history in endeavouring to elucidate the recently discovered remains of the Priory of Austin Friars. I cannot, however, refrain from quoting the graphic description of Churchyarde, who, writing in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, thus describes Ludlow:—The Town doth stand most part upon an hill,Built well and fair, with streets both large and wide,The houses such where strangers lodge at will,As long as there the Council liste abide.Both fine and clean the streets are all throughout,With condits cleere and wholesome water springe,And who that list to walk the Town about,Shall find therein some rare and pleasant thinge;But chiefly here the ayre so sweet you have,As in no place you can no better crave.
XIII.—The Foundation of the Priories of St. Mary and of St. John, Clerkenwell
Authors: Round J. H. 
Published: January 2012

On the first page of M. Delaville le Roulx' sumptuous Cartulaire Général of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem there is printed a charter relating to Clerkenwell, in which the Hospitallers are mentioned, and which is there assigned to circa 1100. As the Order itself was only founded (if indeed it was) in the year preceding, this would be the earliest charter in which it is mentioned in Europe, and its well-known priory at Clerkenwell, the first to be founded. It is again on the authority of this charter, which “se place vers 1100,” that M. Delaville le Roulx asserts in his introduction that:“L'Ordre comptait dans les Iles Britanniques de nombreux établissements, dont les plus anciens remontaient aux premières années du xiie siècle ” (p. clvii.).
XX.—On the Recent Discoveries of Portions of Old St. Paul's Cathedral
Authors: Penrose Francis Cranmer 
Published: January 2012

In the spring of 1878 it was requisite to sink a pit, about twelve feet deep, on the south side of the nave of St. Paul's Cathedral, and within a few feet of the walls, for a gas-meter.Near the bottom of this pit was found a fragment of a foundation which seemed to belong to the old Cathedral. It was evidently not of the Norman construction, because it was partly formed of Norman fragments. It seemed therefore to belong to the cloister or chapter-house.
IV.—Some account of Savaric, bishop of Bath and Glastonbury 1192—1205
Authors: Church C.M. 
Published: January 2012

“Savaric is a person whose career if it could be explored would be very interesting.” So wrote Dr. Stubbs in 1865. The history of Savaric is yet to be written.Some knowledge of his episcopate is necessary for the consideration of the question whether any part of the fabric of the church was his work.
IX.—On some Ancient Paintings in churches of Athens
Authors: Westlake N.H.J. 
Published: January 2012

The accompanying notes are made for the purpose of introducing to the Society the beautiful copies of ancient frescoes from the churches of Athens which have been lent for exhibition by the Marquis of Bute. His lordship had these copies made during his stay at Athens in 1885. He has given a full account of them in an essay on “Some Christian Monuments of Athens,” published in the Scottish Review (July 1885), and the descriptions of the pictures given in this paper are quoted from his lordship's essay. These paintings and the monuments containing them are of course subject to decay, but they are, it appears, in greater danger of wilful destruction from speculative excavations to unearth monuments more ancient, or from attempts to make use of the materials of such monuments for new buildings. It is from no wanton vandalism that such destruction arises, but it is evidently the result of the uncultivated condition of the present race of Athenians. In the article in the Scottish Review the writer thus comments on this unsatisfactory state of things:—A decree of Otho L, dated May 20, 1836, placed at the disposal of the Ministry of Public Worship every ruined church in Greece, however important historically or however precious artistically, as a mine for the building of new places of public worship, the new University of Athens, &c. This decree is conceived as if no such things as History or Art existed. The results have been terrible, and Finlay, as an eye-witness, speaks of “the destruction of numerous mediæval churches which formed a valuable link in the records of Athens, and an interesting feature in Athenian topography, while they illustrated the history of art by their curious and sometimes precious paintings.”
XII.—Observations on a portrait of Queen Elizabeth, from Boughton House, Northants, the property of His Grace the Duke of Buccleuch, K. T.
Authors: Scharf George 
Published: January 2012

Considering the almost countless portraits of Queen Elizabeth that are known to exist, it is remarkable how very few actual repetitions there are among them. With other portraits of distinguished and popular characters the case is quite different, as they may be classified into so many groups in each of which the pictures are exactly alike.The portrait which I have the honour of describing this evening, by favour of the Duke of Buccleuch and Lord Walter Scott, has the peculiarity of not standing alone. It possesses a very interesting counterpart at Westminster, in the Dean's library, where it is inserted in a panel over the fireplace. Being a fixture, there is unfortunately no possibility of its being brought hither for examination. Before, however, entering into a comparison of the two pictures, it may be well to consider some of the characteristics of the portrait before us.
XIV.—Jocelin, bishop of Bath, 1206-1242
Authors: Church C.M. 
Published: January 2012

Reginald and Savaric, bishops of Bath at the end of the twelfth century, were succeeded by Jocelin of Wells, 1206-1242.I proceed to treat of his history, so far as it is contained in original records at Wells.The chapter registers at Wells have lately been calendared and published in Report X. part iii. 1885, of the Historical MSS. Commission; but many of the charters there registered are undated, and they are arranged without regard to chronological sequence. It is a work requiring much patience and insight into the text to determine their place and to arrange them in their relative order.
II.—Sword-stands in the churches of the City of London
Authors: Freshfield E.H. 
Published: January 2012

Until quite recently it was customary for the Lord Mayor to go on Sundays in state to one or other of the City churches.On these occasions the Lord Mayor was accompanied by the sheriffs and officials of the Corporation, and escorted by the mace-bearer and sword-bearer, the latter wearing the cap of maintenance, and carrying the state sword. It was usual for the alderman of the ward to be present with any other aldermen that pleased to come, and as many aldermen as came brought with them their ward beadles, carrying the ward maces.
XII.—Excavations on the site of the Roman city at Silchester, Hants, in 1893
Authors: Fox George E. , Hope W.H. St. John 
Published: January 2012

The following report forms a record of the excavations on the site of the Roman city at Silchester during the past year (1893), and includes an account of various explorations made in the previous year, which, for certain reasons, have not yet been described.The work began last May, and was carried on until the month of October, but under considerable disadvantages from the great heat of the summer and want of rain, which hardened the soil to a degree that much interfered with the detection of foundations and rubbish pits. In spite of this hindrance a considerable acreage was examined.
XXIX.—On Donnington Castle, Berkshire
Authors: Godwin Henry 
Published: January 2012

On the brow of a hill situate about a mile to the north of the market town of Newbury in Berkshire stand the picturesque ruins of Donnington Castle. The castle derives its name from the little village of Donnington, which is linked with the adjoining hamlet of Shaw in the parochial designation of Shaw-cum-Donnington—a rural district, divided from the parish of Speen by the tiny river Lamborne, which, to use the quaint expression of Sylvester,in haste doth runTo wash the feet of Chaucer's Donnington.
XII.—On an Examination of the Tombs of Richard II. and Henry III. in Westminster Abbey
Authors: Stanley Arthur Penrhyn 
Published: January 2012

The tomb of Richard II. has a triple interest: for Westminster Abbey; for English History generally; and for the Society of Antiquaries.(1.) For the Abbey, Richard II. must remain, in spite of all his faults, one of its most familiar and consecrated personages. His coronation is described in the only volume handed down from mediæval times to the custody of the successive Deans of Westminster: namely, the Liber Regalis of Abbot Littlington, of which a reprint has lately been made for the Roxburghe Society by the munificence of Lord Beauchamp. The event was further marked by the first appearance of two features in the coronations, both especially connected with Westminster, the Champion, and the Knights of the Bath.