bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nurses' reported influence on the prescription and use of medication
Authors: Jutel A. , Menkes D.B. 
Published: February 2010

JUTEL A. & MENKES D.B. (2010) Nurses' reported influence on the prescription and use of medication. International Nursing Review57, 92–97Aim:  To identify the activities senior nurses report undertaking that may influence the prescription and use of medicines.Background:  While much attention has focused on the role of nurse prescribing, little is known about the extent to which non‐prescribing nurses influence medication decision making. The pharmaceutical industry recognizes this influence in its marketing strategies, and courts nurses by provision of promotional material and sponsorship of nursing professional development.Methods:  We undertook parallel web‐ and paper‐based surveys of 100 senior registered nurses employed by government‐funded health boards in two distinct New Zealand regions.Findings:  Only 2/96 (2%) of nurses had prescribing rights, yet 74/94 (79%) reported recommending treatments to the prescribing doctor, 74/95 (79%) stated they provided advice to patients about over‐the‐counter medications and 71/92 (77%) participated in the development of guidelines or policies that include the use of medications. All nurses in this sample reported influencing the prescription of medicines in one way or another.Discussion:  From actually writing prescriptions to providing feedback on treatment outcomes, there are many opportunities for nurses to influence the decision making of medical and other prescribers, which open nurses to exploitation from commercial forces. Policy and education regarding prescriber relationships with the pharmaceutical industry should also recognize the role of non‐prescribing nurses.
Nursing clinical trial of breast self‐examination education in China
Authors: Liu C.‐Y. , Xia H.‐O. , Isaman D.M. , Deng W. , Oakley D. 
Published: February 2010

LIU C.‐Y., XIA H.‐O., ISAMAN D.M., DENG W. & OAKLEY D. (2010) Nursing clinical trial of breast self‐examination education in China. International Nursing Review57, 128–134Aim:  The aim of this study was to test community‐based nursing education about breast self‐examination to see whether self‐examination frequency could be increased.Background:  Breast cancer rates in China are rising rapidly, especially in cities. The majority of Chinese women does not know about breast self‐examination, and the Chinese health care system cannot provide mammograms for the millions of at‐risk women throughout China.Method:  This study was a randomized clinical trial of nurse‐provided, community‐based teaching of breast self‐examination in the urban and rural areas of Tianjin and urban and suburban areas of Shanghai. Women (n = 1510) never diagnosed with breast cancer and 40 years and older were randomized by community and stratified by urban vs. other residences.Results:  At baseline, 9% of the intervention and 6% of the control groups did breast self‐examination at least every other month. After 12 months, 34% of the intervention, but only 11% of the control, group did breast self‐examination that often (P < 0.001). There was a significant impact in urban, suburban and rural areas, and intervention effects were stronger than any of the other influences tested.Conclusion:  The clinical trial showed a statistically significant increase in breast self‐examination after the nursing education intervention. As no other breast cancer screening method is available in most of China, this method is best suited for the masses of people currently at risk in China.
Voices of internationally educated nurses: policy recommendations for credentialing
Authors: Singh Mina D. , Sochan Anne 
Published: February 2010

SINGH M.D. & SOCHAN A. (2010) Voices of internationally educated nurses: policy recommendations for credentialing. International Nursing Review57, 56–63Background:  The authors advance general policy recommendations for credentialing Internationally Educated Nurses (IENs) who migrate to practice nursing in developed, high‐income countries. While examples are drawn primarily from a qualitative study exploring IEN experiences in Canada, the suggestions presented have broader application to any nursing, or midwifery, internationally educated professionals wanting, or needing, to practice outside their home country of education. Examples of credential processing are drawn from Australia, the European Union, New Zealand, the UK and the USA.Methods:  This study was guided by a biographical narrative (qualitative) research methodology. A convenience sample of 12 IENs volunteered to participate.Results:  The IENs offered recommendations based on their personal experiences, all of which have policy implications to make transparent, standardize and harmonize the credentialing processes both prior to, and upon arrival in their destination country. Suggestions are offered to make relevant the content of IEN integration programmes.Conclusions:  The authors also suggested that national immigration agencies and nursing regulatory bodies could better coordinate their activities when processing potential IEN migrant applications.
Supporting Indian nurses migrating to New Zealand: a literature review
Authors: Woodbridge M. , Bland M. 
Published: February 2010

WOODBRIDGE M. & BLAND M. (2010) Supporting Indian nurses migrating to New Zealand: a literature review. International Nursing Review57, 40–48Background:  New Zealand, like many other Western countries, is struggling to cope with increasing demands for nursing services. Registered nurses are being actively recruited internationally and New Zealand has become a popular destination for nurses who wish to emigrate, including those from India. These nurses have unique cultural, professional and educational needs yet it is unclear how to best support them as they move to their destination countries.Aims:  The issues around nursing migration and its effects have been discussed in many forums, but there is evidence of a gap in understanding the issues around acculturation and socialization. This selected literature review sought to identify the significant factors that impact on migrating nurses becoming competent and confident registered nurses in the New Zealand practice environment.Methods:  A bibliographical database search was undertaken (Web of Knowledge, Web of Science, CINAHL, Medline, Academic Search Elite, and Ebscohost EJS) along with national and international nursing websites for the period 2002–2009. Search terms included Indian nurse, international nurse, migration, experience, cultural safety, globalization, nurse migration, nurse recruitment, New Zealand and research. The search was limited to texts published in English, with preference given to peer‐reviewed research‐based articles.Results:  A significant volume of literature was located. The key themes that arose were migration, education, language, nursing skills, competence, cultural safety and reflection on practice. Literature considered to best reflect these main themes, and of most relevance to New Zealand, was selected for this review, with preference given to research reports and official nursing publications.Conclusion:  Strategies such as providing ongoing professional education, ensuring cultural safety and offering mentoring in practice environments will contribute to a safe passage for migrating nurses. Further research is required into the acculturation and socialization of Indian nurses, especially those moving to New Zealand.
Environmental and spatial predictors of species richness and abundance in coral reef fishes
Authors: Mellin C. , Bradshaw C. J. A. , Meekan M. G. , Caley M. J. 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTAim  We developed predictive models of coral reef fish species richness and abundance that account for both broad‐scale environmental gradients and fine‐scale biotic processes, such as dispersal, and we compared the importance of absolute geographical location (i.e. geographical coordinates) versus relative geographical location (i.e. distance to domain boundaries).Location  Great Barrier Reef, Australia.Methods  Four annual surveys of coral reef fishes were combined with a 0.01°‐resolution grid of environmental variables including depth, sea surface temperature, salinity and nutrient concentrations. A principal component‐based method was developed to select candidate predictors from a large number of correlated variables. Generalized linear mixed‐effects models (GLMMs) were used to gauge the respective importance of the different spatial and environmental predictors. An error covariance matrix was included in the models to account for spatial autocorrelation.Results  (1) Relative geographical descriptors, represented by distances to the coast and to the barrier reef, provided the highest‐ranked single model of species richness and explained up to 36.8% of its deviance. (2) Accounting for spatial autocorrelation doubled the deviance in abundance explained to 71.9%. Sea surface temperature, salinity and nitrate concentrations were also important predictors of abundance. Spatially explicit predictions of species richness and abundance were robust to variation in the spatial scale considered during model calibration.Main conclusions  This study demonstrates that distance‐to‐domain boundaries (i.e. relative geographical location) can offer an ecologically relevant alternative to geographical coordinates (i.e. absolute geographical location) when predicting biodiversity patterns, providing a proxy for multivariate and complex environmental processes that are often difficult or expensive to estimate.
Metabolic alterations induced by ischemia in primary cultures of astrocytes: merging 13C NMR spectroscopy and metabolic flux analysis
Authors: Amaral Ana I. , Teixeira Ana P. , Martens Sanja , Bernal Vicente , Sousa Marcos F. Q. , Alves Paula M. 
Published: February 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 113, 735–748.AbstractDisruption of brain energy metabolism is the hallmark of cerebral ischemia, a major cause of death worldwide. Astrocytes play a key role in the regulation of brain metabolism and their vulnerability to ischemia has been described. Aiming to quantify the effects of an ischemic insult in astrocytic metabolism, primary cultures of astrocytes were subjected to 5 h of oxygen and glucose deprivation in a bioreactor. Flux distributions, before and after ischemia, were estimated by metabolic flux analysis using isotopic information and the consumption/secretion rates of relevant extracellular metabolites as constraints. During ischemia and early recovery, 30% of cell death was observed; several metabolic alterations were also identified reflecting a metabolic response by the surviving cells. In the early recovery (∼10 h), astrocytes up‐regulated glucose utilization by 30% and increased the pentose phosphate pathway and tricarboxylic acid cycle fluxes by three and twofold, respectively. Additionally, a two to fivefold enhancement in branched‐chain amino acids catabolism suggested the importance of anaplerotic molecules to the fast recovery of the energetic state, which was corroborated by measured cellular ATP levels. Glycolytic metabolism was predominant in the late recovery. In summary, this work demonstrates that changes in fluxes of key metabolic pathways are implicated in the recovery from ischemia in astrocytes.
Copper binding regulates intracellular alpha‐synuclein localisation, aggregation and toxicity
Authors: Wang Xiaoyan , Moualla Dima , Wright Josephine A. , Brown David R. 
Published: February 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 113, 704–714.AbstractAlpha‐synuclein is a natively unfolded protein that aggregates and forms inclusions that are associated with a range of diseases that include Parkinson’s Disease and Dementia with Lewy Bodies. The mechanism behind the formation of these inclusions and their possible role in disease remains unclear. Alpha‐synuclein has also been shown to bind metals including copper and iron. We used a cell culture model of alpha‐synuclein aggregation to examine the relationship between metals and formation of aggregates of the protein. While the levels of iron appear to have no role in aggregate formation or localisation of the protein in cells, copper appears to be important for both aggregation and cellular localisation of alpha‐synuclein. Reduction in cellular copper resulted in a great decrease in aggregate formation both in terms of large aggregates visible in cells and oligomers observed in western blot analysis of cell extracts. Reduction in copper also resulted in a change in localisation of the protein which became more intensely localised to the plasma membrane in medium with low copper. These changes were reversed when copper was restored to the cells. Mutants of the copper binding domains altered the response to copper. Deletion of either the N‐ or C‐termini resulted in a loss of aggregation while deletion of the C‐termini also resulted in a loss of membrane association. Increased expression of alpha‐synuclein also increased cell sensitivity to the toxicity of copper. These results suggest that the potential pathological role of alpha‐synuclein aggregates is dependent upon the copper binding capacity of the protein.
Pulmonary oedema in healthy SCUBA divers: new physiopathological pathways
Authors: Coulange M. , Rossi P. , Gargne O. , Gole Y. , Bessereau J. , Regnard J. , Jammes Y. , Barthélémy A. , Auffray J. P. , Boussuges A. 
Published: February 2010

SummaryIntroduction:  The mechanism of immersion pulmonary oedema occurring in healthy divers is a matter of debate. Among consecutive injured divers admitted to our hyperbaric centre, we analysed prospective data about pulmonary oedema.Method:  A total of 22 divers suffering from immersion pulmonary oedema without cardiac disease were included. The occurrence of events was compared to the diving conditions as assessed by diving‐computer. Each patient underwent a clinical examination, laboratory tests, thoracic CT scan and echocardiography.Results:  The median age was 49 years, with a higher proportion of women, in comparison with the data of the French diving federation. The common feature was the occurrence of respiratory symptoms during the ascent after median dive duration of 29 min with strenuous exercise and/or psychological stress. Most of the dives were deep (37 msw–121 fsw) in cool water (15°C‐59°F). The average inspired oxygen partial pressure was 0·99 bar. Progression was rapidly favourable, and the medical check‐up after clinical recovery was normal.Conclusion:  Immersion, body cooling, hyperoxia, increased hydrostatic pressure and strenuous exercise likely combine to induce pulmonary oedema in patients without cardiac disease. This study underlines new physiopathological tracks related to the frequent occurrence of symptoms noticed in the last part of the ascent and a higher incidence in women.
Rational design of dualsteric GPCR ligands: quests and promise
Authors: Mohr Klaus , Tränkle Christian , Kostenis Evi , Barocelli Elisabetta , De Amici Marco , Holzgrabe Ulrike 
Published: February 2010

Dualsteric ligands represent a novel mode of targeting G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs). These compounds attach simultaneously to both, the orthosteric transmitter binding site and an additional allosteric binding area of a receptor protein. This approach allows the exploitation of favourable characteristics of the orthosteric and the allosteric site by a single ligand molecule. The orthosteric interaction provides high affinity binding and activation of receptors. The allosteric interaction yields receptor subtype‐selectivity and, in addition, may modulate both, efficacy and intracellular signalling pathway activation. Insight into the spatial arrangement of the orthosteric and the allosteric site is far advanced in the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, and the design of dualsteric muscarinic agonists has now been accomplished. Using the muscarinic receptor as a paradigm, this review summarizes the way from suggestive evidence for an orthosteric/allosteric overlap binding to the rational design and experimental validation of dualsteric ligands. As allosteric interactions are increasingly described for GPCRs and as insight into the spatial geometry of ligand/GPCR‐complexes is growing impressively, the rational design of dualsteric drugs is a promising new approach to achieve fine‐tuned GPCR‐modulation.This article is part of a themed section on Molecular Pharmacology of GPCR. To view the editorial for this themed section visithttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1476‐5381.2010.00695.x
The role of adenosine receptors in regulating production of tumour necrosis factor‐α and chemokines by human lung macrophages
Authors: Buenestado A , Grassin Delyle S , Arnould I , Besnard F , Naline E , Blouquit‐Laye S , Chapelier A , Bellamy JF , Devillier P 
Published: February 2010

Background and purpose:  Adenosine is a major endogenous regulator of macrophage function, and activates four specific adenosine receptors (A1, A2A, A2B and A3). Here, we have assessed in human lung macrophages the modulation of the expression of adenosine receptor mRNA by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the relative contributions of the different adenosine receptors to LPS‐induced production of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and chemokines.Experimental approach:  Lung macrophages isolated from resected lungs were stimulated with LPS and treated with adenosine receptor agonists or/and antagonists. Adenosine receptor expression was assessed with qRT‐PCR. Cytokines were measured in lung macrophage supernatants with elisa.Key results:  LPS increased (about 400‐fold) mRNA for A2A adenosine receptors, decreased mRNA for A1 and A2B, but had no effect on A3 adenosine receptor mRNA. The adenosine receptor agonist NECA inhibited TNF‐α production concentration dependently, whereas the A1 receptor agonist, CCPA, and the A3 receptor agonist, AB‐MECA, inhibited TNF‐α production only at concentrations affecting A2A receptors. NECA also inhibited the production of CCL chemokines (CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5) and CXCL chemokines (CXCL9 and CXCL10), but not that of CXCL1, CXCL8 and CXCL5. Reversal of NECA‐induced inhibition of TNF‐α and chemokine production by the selective A2A adenosine receptor antagonist ZM 241385, but not the A2B receptor antagonist, MRS 1754, or the A3 receptor antagonist, MRS 1220, indicated involvement of A2A receptors.Conclusions and implications:  LPS up‐regulated A2A adenosine receptor gene transcription, and this receptor subtype mediated inhibition of the LPS‐induced production of TNF‐α and of a subset of chemokines in human lung macrophages.
SAR150640, a selective β3‐adrenoceptor agonist, prevents human myometrial remodelling and activation of matrix metalloproteinase in an in vitro model of chorioamnionitis
Authors: Lirussi F , O'Brien M , Wendremaire M , Goirand F , Sagot P , Dumas M , Morrison JJ , Bardou M 
Published: February 2010

Background and purpose:  The uterine pathophysiology underlying inflammatory conditions such as chorioamnionitis remains largely unclear. As we have shown that β3‐adrenoceptors act as regulators of myometrial inflammation, we wanted to investigate the potential role of β3‐adrenoceptors in preventing uterine remodelling induced by inflammation.Experimental approach:  The consequences of human chorioamnionitis on myometrial remodelling were characterized by Sirius Red staining and metalloproteinase (MMP) expression, and compared with the effects of incubating human myometrial samples with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro. We also assessed the effect of SAR150640, a selective β3‐adrenoceptor agonist, on the production and activity of MMPs.Key results:  Chorioamnionitis was associated with a 46% decrease in total collagen, as well as over‐expression of MMP2 (+61%) and MMP9 (+84%); both effects were reproduced by incubation with LPS (10 µg·mL−1, 48 h). LPS‐induced over‐expression of MMP2 and MMP9 in normal human myometrium was paralleled by an overactivity of the proteins. Both over‐expression and overactivity were prevented by the β3‐adrenoceptor agonist SAR150640 in a concentration‐dependent manner. SAR150640, by itself, did not exhibit any effect on MMP production in control tissues.Conclusions and implications:  This study shows that inflammation was associated with an intense remodelling of human myometrium, a process likely to be explained by MMP activation. Our study emphasizes the potential therapeutic relevance of β3‐adrenoceptor agonists to the treatment of preterm labour and other uterine inflammatory conditions.
Vasodilator therapy with hydralazine induces angiotensin AT2 receptor‐mediated cardiomyocyte growth in mice lacking guanylyl cyclase‐A
Authors: Li Y , Saito Y , Kuwahara K , Rong X , Kishimoto I , Harada M , Horiuchi M , Murray M , Nakao K 
Published: February 2010

Background and purpose:  Recent clinical guidelines advocate the use of the isosorbide dinitrate/hydralazine combination in treatment for heart failure. However, clinical and laboratory evidence suggest that some vasodilators may induce cardiac hypertrophy under uncertain conditions. This study investigated the effects and underlying mechanism of action of the vasodilator hydralazine on cardiac growth.Experimental approach:  Wild‐type mice and animals deficient in guanylyl cyclase‐A (GCA) and/or angiotensin receptors (AT1 and AT2 subtypes) were treated with hydralazine (≈24 mg·kg−1·day−1 in drinking water) for 5 weeks. Cardiac mass and/or cardiomyocyte cross‐sectional area, fibrosis (van Giessen‐staining) and cardiac gene expression (real‐time RT‐PCR) were measured.Key results:  Hydralazine lowered blood pressure in mice of all genotypes. However, this treatment increased the heart and left ventricular to body weight ratios, as well as cardiomyocyte cross‐sectional area, and cardiac expression of atrial natriuretic peptide mRNA in mice lacking GCA. Hydralazine did not affect cardiac hypertrophy in wild‐type mice and mice lacking either AT1 or AT2 receptors alone. However, the pro‐hypertrophic effect of hydralazine was prevented in mice lacking both GCA and AT2, but not GCA and AT1 receptors. However, hydralazine did decrease cardiac collagen deposition and collagen I mRNA (signs of cardiac fibrosis) in mice that were deficient in GCA, or both GCA and AT2 receptors.Conclusions and implications:  The vasodilator hydralazine induced AT2 receptor‐mediated cardiomyocyte growth under conditions of GCA deficiency. However, attenuation of cardiac fibrosis by hydralazine could be beneficial in the management of cardiac diseases.