bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Qualitative GC-MS Assessment of TCP and Tamorf Elimination in Rats
Authors: Petek Maja , Vrdoljak Ana , Mršić Gordan 
Published: March 2010

Qualitative GC-MS Assessment of TCP and Tamorf Elimination in RatsNerve agents are highly toxic organophosphorus (OP) compounds. They inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE), an enzyme that hydrolyses acetycholine (ACh) in the nervous system. Pathophysiological changes caused by OP poisonings are primarily the consequence of surplus ACh on cholinergic receptors and in the central nervous system. Standard treatment of OP poisoning includes combined administration of carbamates, atropine, oximes and anticonvulsants. In order to improve therapy, new compounds have been synthesised and tested. Tenocyclidine (TCP) and its adamantane derivative 1-[2-(2-thienyl)-2-adamantyl] morpholine (TAMORF) have shown interesting properties against soman poisoning. In this study, we developed a qualitative GC-MS method to measure elimination of TCP and TAMORF through rat urine in order to learn more about the mechanisms through which TCP protects an organism from OP poisoning and to determine the duration of this protective effect. GC-MS showed that six hours after treatment with TCP, rat urine contained only its metabolite 1-thienylcyclohexene, while urine of rats treated with TAMORF contained both TAMORF and its metabolites.
Brain Toxicokinetics of Prometryne in Mice
Authors: Đikić Domagoj , Sajli Lana , Benković Vesna , Knežević Anica , Brozović Gordana , Lisičić Duje , Mojsović Ana , Oršolić Nada 
Published: March 2010

Brain Toxicokinetics of Prometryne in MicePrometryne is a methylthio-s-triazine herbicide. Significant trace amounts are found in the environment, mainly in water, soil, and food plants. The aim of this study was to establish brain and blood prometryne levels after single oral dose (1 g kg-1) in adult male and female mice. Prometryne was measured using the GC/MS assay at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 24 h after prometryne administration. Peak brain and blood prometryne values were observed 1 h after administration and they decreased in a time-dependent manner. Male mice had consistently higher brain and blood prometryne levels than female mice. The observed prometryne kinetics was similar to that reported for the structurally related herbicide atrazine.
Theoretical studies on the electronic structures and spectra of single silicon-doped SWCNTs
Authors: Gao Peng , Yu Yingying , Ni Zhangqin , Teng Qiwen 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
The equilibrium geometries and electronic structures of a series of SWCNTs doped with a silicon atom were studied by using density function theory (DFT). The most stable doping site of silicon predicted at B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level was located near the boundary of the SWCNTs. The energy gaps of (3,3) C48, (3,3) C60 and (3,3) C72 were respectively decreased by 0.43, 0.25 and 0.14 eV after doping. Based on the B3LYP/6-31G(d) optimized geometries, the electronic spectra of the doped SWCNTs were computed using the INDO/CIS method. The first UV absorption at 973.9 nm of (5,5)-Si(L) (C59Si) compared with that at 937.5 nm of (5,5) (C60) was red-shifted. The 13C NMR spectra and nuclear independent chemical shifts (NICS) of the doped SWCNTs were investigated at B3LYP/6-31G(d) level. The chemical shift at 119.4 of the carbon atom bonded with the silicon atom in (3,3)-Si(L) (C59Si) in comparison with that at 144.1 of the same carbon atom in (3,3) (C60) moved upfield. The tendency of the aromaticity (NICS = −0.1) for (3,3)-Si(H) (C47Si) with respect to that of the anti-aromaticity (NICS = 6.0) for (3,3) (C48) was predicted.
Noncovalent effects in the coordination and assembling of the[Fe(bpca)2][Er(NO3)3(H2O)4]NO3 system
Authors: Ferbinteanu Marilena , Zaharia Alina , Gîrţu Mihai , Cimpoesu Fanica 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
In this work we perform a detailed analysis of the non-covalent effects that build the lattice of the [Fe(bpca)2][Er(NO3)3(H2O)4]NO3 compound, made of cationic d units [Fe(bpca)2]+,(where Hbpca is bis(2-pyridilcarbonyl)amine), neutral f complexes [Er(NO3)3(H2O)4], and the NO3- counter-ion. All these units are interlinked by hydrogen bonds, their assembling benefiting also from electrostatic effects. A particularly interesting sub-ensemble of the crystal is the linear chain formed by the lanthanide units. Going beyond the usual qualitative description of the supramolecular assembling, we performed electron structure calculations on appropriate models related to the experimental structures. The formation energies of d and f coordination bonds are estimated in semi-quantitative manner, being compared with the intermolecular ones, due to hydrogen bonding and dipolar interactions.
Kinetic spectrophotometric determination of hydrazine
Authors: Mitic Violeta , Nikolic Snezana , Stankov-Jovanovic Vesna 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
A kinetic spectrophotometric method for hydrazine determination in the range of 9.36×10−7 to 4.37×10−5 mol dm−3, based on the inhibitory effect of hydrazine on the oxidation of Victoria Blue 4- R by KBrO3, was developed and validated. Kinetic parameters are reported for both the indicating and the inhibiting reaction. The detection limit was established as 9.98×10−8 mol dm−3. The selectivity of the proposed method was tested considering the influence of different ions that may be present in real samples. The method was successfully applied for hydrazine determination in various samples (very pure water from the water-steam system of a power plant and Isoniazid tablets, a pharmaceutical product).

The novel kinetic spectrophotometric method proposed was found to have satisfactory analytical characteristics as well as being widely applicable due to its simplicity and speed.
Differentiation between phenol- and amino-substances in voltammetry determination of synthetic antioxidants in oils
Authors: Chýlková Jaromíra , Šelešovská Renáta , Machalíková Jaroslava , Dušek Libor 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
The paper describes a method of voltammetric determination of antioxidants in lubricating oils developed with the use of Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV) and Fast Scan Differential Pulse Voltammetry (FSDPV). Experimental conditions have been found for simultaneous determination of phenol-based antioxidants and amino-antioxidants: the phenols can be electrochemically oxidized using the polarisation of gold disc electrode (AuDE) in the potential range of 0–1400 mV in 0.2 M H2SO4 in the presence of ethanol and acetonitrile at the ratio of 3:1. Secondary aromatic amines can be determined directly in this supporting electrolyte; the presence of phenolic antioxidants does not interfere with this analysis. On the other hand, secondary aromatic amines interfere with the determination of phenolic substances; therefore, the amines present have to be eliminated in a suitable way. A procedure for masking the aromatic amines using their reaction with nitrous acid has been suggested and optimised. The nitrosamines thus formed can be used for sensitive and selective determination of amino-antioxidants by means of cathodic reduction on the hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) using Fast Scan Differential Pulse Voltammetry. The method was applied in analysis of real samples of lubricating oils.
A biologically inspired approach to feasible gait learning for a hexapod robot
Authors: Belter Dominik , Skrzypczyński Piotr 
Published: March 2010

A biologically inspired approach to feasible gait learning for a hexapod robotThe objective of this paper is to develop feasible gait patterns that could be used to control a real hexapod walking robot. These gaits should enable the fastest movement that is possible with the given robot's mechanics and drives on a flat terrain. Biological inspirations are commonly used in the design of walking robots and their control algorithms. However, legged robots differ significantly from their biological counterparts. Hence we believe that gait patterns should be learned using the robot or its simulation model rather than copied from insect behaviour. However, as we have foundtahula rasalearning ineffective in this case due to the large and complicated search space, we adopt a different strategy: in a series of simulations we show how a progressive reduction of the permissible search space for the leg movements leads to the evolution of effective gait patterns. This strategy enables the evolutionary algorithm to discover proper leg co-ordination rules for a hexapod robot, using only simple dependencies between the states of the legs and a simple fitness function. The dependencies used are inspired by typical insect behaviour, although we show that all the introduced rules emerge also naturally in the evolved gait patterns. Finally, the gaits evolved in simulations are shown to be effective in experiments on a real walking robot.
Positivity and stabilization of fractional 2D linear systems described by the Roesser model
Authors: Kaczorek Tadeusz , Rogowski Krzysztof 
Published: March 2010

Positivity and stabilization of fractional 2D linear systems described by the Roesser modelA new class of fractional 2D linear discrete-time systems is introduced. The fractional difference definition is applied to each dimension of a 2D Roesser model. Solutions of these systems are derived using a 2DZ-transform. The classical Cayley-Hamilton theorem is extended to 2D fractional systems described by the Roesser model. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the positivity and stabilization by the state-feedback of fractional 2D linear systems are established. A procedure for the computation of a gain matrix is proposed and illustrated by a numerical example.
Classification in the Gabor time-frequency domain of non-stationary signals embedded in heavy noise with unknown statistical distribution
Authors: Świercz Ewa 
Published: March 2010

Classification in the Gabor time-frequency domain of non-stationary signals embedded in heavy noise with unknown statistical distributionA new supervised classification algorithm of a heavily distorted pattern (shape) obtained from noisy observations of nonstationary signals is proposed in the paper. Based on the Gabor transform of 1-D non-stationary signals, 2-D shapes of signals are formulated and the classification formula is developed using the pattern matching idea, which is the simplest case of a pattern recognition task. In the pattern matching problem, where a set of known patterns creates predefined classes, classification relies on assigning the examined pattern to one of the classes. Classical formulation of a Bayes decision rule requiresa prioriknowledge about statistical features characterising each class, which are rarely known in practice. In the proposed algorithm, the necessity of the statistical approach is avoided, especially since the probability distribution of noise is unknown. In the algorithm, the concept of discriminant functions, represented by Frobenius inner products, is used. The classification rule relies on the choice of the class corresponding to themaxdiscriminant function. Computer simulation results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the new classification algorithm. It is shown that the proposed approach is able to correctly classify signals which are embedded in noise with a very low SNR ratio. One of the goals here is to develop a pattern recognition algorithm as the best possible way to automatically make decisions. All simulations have been performed in Matlab. The proposed algorithm can be applied to non-stationary frequency modulated signal classification and non-stationary signal recognition.
Anycasting in connection-oriented computer networks: Models, algorithms and results
Authors: Walkowiak Krzysztof 
Published: March 2010

Anycasting in connection-oriented computer networks: Models, algorithms and resultsOur discussion in this article centers around various issues related to the use of anycasting in connection-oriented computer networks. Anycast is defined as aone-to-one-of-manytransmission to deliver a packet to one of many hosts. Anycasting can be applied if the same content is replicated over many locations in the network. Examples of network techniques that apply anycasting are Content Delivery Networks (CDNs), Domain Name Service (DNS), Peer-to-Peer (P2P) systems. The role of anycasting is growing concurrently with the popularity of electronic music, movies, and other content required by Internet users. In this work we focus on the optimization of anycast flows in connection-oriented networks. We formulate a model of anycast connections and next propose a heuristic algorithm based on the Lagrangean relaxation aimed to optimize jointly routes for anycast and unicast connections. Results of numerical experiments are presented and evaluated. Finally, we analyze briefly problems related to anycasting in dynamic routing and multi-layer networks.
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Čerimagić Denis , Bilić Ervina 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a compressive focal neuropathy of the median nerve (NM) at the wrist. We hypothesize that reverse Phalen’s test rather than the previously commonly proposed classic Phalen’s maneuver was a logical maneuver in the diagnosis of CTS from the anatomic, pathophysiological and electrophysiological viewpoint. Dorsal flexion of the hand results in an increase in the flexor retinaculum tension (RFT), extension of the finger long flexor muscle tendons and consequential NM entrapment between the tendons and flexor retinaculum (RF). Thus, the carpal tunnel (CT) volume is reduced, the intra-tunnel pressure is increased, while the RF to NM distance is decreased. On Phalen’s maneuver, the forced palmar hand flexion entails opposite consequences i.e. reduced RFT, relaxation of the finger long flexor muscle tendons, decreased pressure upon NM, slight increase in the CT volume, decreased intra-tunnel pressure and increased RF to NM distance. The hypothesis can be tested by a conductive NM study, preferably at three positions: mid-position (palmar/volar angle 180 degrees); forced dorsal flexion (palmar/volar angle about 270 degrees); and forced palmar (volar) flexion (palmar/volar angle about 90 degrees). Relative to mid-position, “deterioration” of electroneurography (ENG) finding is observed in dorsal flexion, whereas “improvement” of ENG finding is recorded in palmar flexion.
Cortical organization
Authors: Casanova Manuel 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
The organization of the cortex can be understood as a complex system comprised of interconnected modules called minicolumns. Comparative anatomical studies suggest that evolution has prompted a scale free world network of connectivity within the white matter while simultaneously increasing the complexity of minicolumnar composition. It is this author’s opinion that this complex system is poised to collapse under the weight of environmental exigencies. Some mental disorders may be the manifestations of this collapse.
Arousal from slices to humans
Authors: Kezunovic N. , Simon C. , Hyde J. , Smith K. , Beck P. , Odle A. , Garcia-Rill E. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Most psychiatric and neurological disorders exhibit sleep disorders, and in some cases presage the disease. Study of the control of sleep and waking has the potential for making a major impact on a number of disorders, making translational neuroscience research on this area critical. One element of the reticular activating system (RAS) is the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN), which is the cholinergic arm of the RAS, and projects to the thalamus to trigger thalamocortical rhythms and to the brainstem to modulate muscle tone and locomotion. We developed a research program using brainstem slices containing the PPN to tell us about the cellular and molecular organization of this region. In addition, we developed the P13 midlatency auditory evoked potential, which is generated by PPN outputs, preparation in freely moving rats. This allows the study of PPN cellular and molecular mechanisms at the level of the whole animal. We also study the P50 midlatency auditory evoked potential, which is the human equivalent of the rodent P13 potential, allowing us to study processes detected in vitro, confirmed in the whole animal, and tested in humans. This translational research program led to the discovery of a novel mechanism of sleep-wake control, pointing the way to a number of new clinical applications in the development of novel stimulants and anesthetics.
Putative CSF protein biomarker candidates for amnestic mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Counts Scott , Mufson Elliott 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
The identification of individuals at risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is essential for the timely administration of treatment approaches aimed at slowing the onset or progression of the disease. As amnestic forms of mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) may represent preclinical AD, the search for specific diagnostic biomarkers that characterize those with aMCI is a key research objective. Using surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDITOF-MS), we screened the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of Religious Orders Study participants with a clinical diagnosis of no cognitive impairment (NCI), aMCI, or mild/moderate AD for potential biomarkers. CSF was fractionated on immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) protein arrays preloaded with either gallium (IMAC-Ga), which binds phosphoproteins, or copper (IMAC-Cu) to isolate copper-binding proteins. SELDI TOF-MS analysis of the IMAC-Ga arrays revealed a phosphopeptide of 2490 Da that was selectively increased ∼2-fold in aMCI and AD CSF compared to NCI. SELDI TOF-MS analysis of the IMAC-Cu arrays identified 2 proteins of 11.7 and 13.3 kDa that were both selectively increased ∼1.5–1.6-fold in aMCI and AD CSF. Increasing levels of each protein were associated with poorer performance on the Mini Mental State Exam and higher Braak stage. Hence, increased CSF levels of these proteins may be potential biomarkers for preclinical AD and aid in the development of a CSF biomarker panel with high predictive value for identifying people who would most benefit from early therapeutic interventions to modify disease progression.
CSF tau proteins in differential diagnosis of dementia
Authors: Boban Marina , Šarac Helena , Mimica Ninoslav , Mladinov Mihovil , Süßmair Christine , Ackl Nibal , Bader Benedikt , Huzak Miljenko , Danek Adrian , Hof Patrick , Šimić Goran 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) represent an important differential diagnostic problem in clinical practice. The identification for new biomarkers that would help establishing the diagnosis and primary cause of the dementia is therefore highly relevant. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of three potential CSF biomarkers, total tau protein (t-tau), tau protein phosphorylated at threonine 181 (p-tau181), and tau protein phosphorylated at serine 199 (p-tau199) in the differential diagnosis of AD and FTLD patients in relatively young age groups. The concentrations of the three CSF biomarkers were measured in 25 FTLD patients, 27 AD patients, and 25 non-demented (ND) subjects. The CSF concentrations of all three markers were significantly higher in AD than in FTLD cases (p < 0.001) or ND controls (p < 0.001). No difference was observed in FTLD compared to the ND group, except for p-tau181 (p = 0.028). When sensitivity was set at 85% or higher, specificity in differentiation between FTLD and AD patients reached 40% for t-tau, 37.5% for p-tau181 and 56% for p-tau199. Improvement of the diagnostic accuracy upon logistic regression analysis with t-tau and p-tau199 as independent variables showed that 22 out of 25 FTLD patients could be correctly classified. In conclusion, none of the markers per se fulfilled the criteria for the „ideal“ marker (sensitivity and specificity higher than 85%). However, combination of t-tau and p-tau199 classified correctly 88% of FTLD patients, thus largely satisfying practical requirements.
JOSPT Honors Authors for Research and Clinical Inquiry Papers at CSM 2010
Authors: Simoneau Guy G. 
Published: March 2010

During APTA's Combined Sections Meeting in San Diego, California in February 2010, the Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy recognized for the sixth time the most outstanding research article and clinical practice article published in the JOSPT within a calendar year. The JOSPT Excellence in Research Award is presented to the best article published within the category of research reports. The George G. Davies - James A. Gould Excellence in Clinical Inquiry Award is given to the best article among the categories of case reports, resident's case problems, clinical commentaries, and literature reviews. An award committee consisting of the JOSPT editor-in-chief, 2 JOSPT associate editors, and the research chairs of the Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy Sections selected the recipients for the past year. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2010;40(4):195‱196. doi:10.2519/jospt.2010.0104
Knee Stability and Movement Coordination Impairments: Knee Ligament Sprain
Authors: Logerstedt David S. , Snyder-Mackler Lynn , Ritter Richard C. , Axe Michael J. , Godges Joseph J. 
Published: March 2010

The Orthopaedic Section of the American Physical Therapy Association presents this fourth set of clinical practice guidelines on knee ligament sprain, linked to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF). The purpose of these practice guidelines is to describe evidence-based orthopaedic physical therapy clinical practice and provide recommendations for (1) examination and diagnostic classification based on body functions and body structures, activity limitations, and participation restrictions, (2) interventions provided by physical therapists, (3) and assessment of outcome for common musculoskeletal disorders. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2010;40(4):A1–A37. doi:10.2519/jospt.2010.0303
Inner Alchemy: Notes on the Origin and Use of the Term neidan
Authors: Baldrian Hussein Farzeen 
Published: March 2010

Le terme neidan désigne un ensemble de pratiques d'ordre physiologique et psychologique qu'on pourrait qualifier de "yoga chinois". Destinées à prolonger la vie et, sur le plan mystique, à mener à la délivrance finale, ces pratiques s'étendent de la concentration et la méditation jusqu'à des exercices respiratoires et de gymnastique. Les techniques même furent connues dès la dynastie des Han mais le terme neidan ne figure pas encore dans les textes taoïstes de cette époque.
L'emploi de ce terme est un phénomène tardif qui, selon l'auteur, devrait se situer entre les dynasties des Tang et des Song. Une analyse historique et régionale des sources montre que le terme était utilisé d'abord dans certaines régions du Sud, où il semble avoir été lié aux montagnes sacrées telles que le Lofou Shan et le Heng Shan. Les informations concernant ce sujet sont tirées surtout des biographies des immortels taoïstes.
Quant aux différentes définitions du terme neidan dans les textes alchimiques, on note que souvent, le neidan est défini comme technique du Souffle, telle que la respiration embryonnaire (taixi) ou l'art de conduire le Souffle (xingqi). D'autres textes parlent du neidan comme d'une étape dans le processus alchimique, d'autres encore le comprennent comme "médecine intérieure", ou comme une technique de pratique sexuelle (fangzhong) . La diversité de ces interprétations dans les enseignements de différents maîtres nous permettra peut-être, dans l'avenir, d'établir une liste des écoles au sein du courant neidan dans le taoïsme.