bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IRX5 suppresses osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs by inhibiting protein synthesis
Authors: Jiang Bulin , Zheng Jiqi , Yao Hantao , Wang Yake , Song Fangfang , Huang Cui 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn our previous study, IRX5 has been revealed a significant role in adipogenesis of hBMSCs. Considering the expansion of adipose tissue in bone marrow in aged and ovariectomy‐related osteoporosis, the effect of IRX5 on the osteogenesis of BMSCs still needs to be elucidated. In vivo, models of aging‐induced and ovariectomy‐induced osteoporotic mice, and in vitro studies of IRX5 gene gain‐ and loss‐of‐function in hBMSCs were employed. Histology, immunofluorescence, qRT‐PCR, and Western blot analysis were performed to detect the functions of IRX5 in hBMSCs osteogenic differentiation. RNA‐seq, transmission electron microscopy, Seahorse mito‐stress assay, and Surface Sensing of Translation assay were conducted to explore the effect of mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR)‐mediated ribosomal translation and mitochondrial functions in the regulation of hBMSCs differentiation by IRX5. As a result, elevated IRX5 protein expression levels were observed in the bone marrow of osteoporotic mice compared to normal mice. IRX5 overexpression attenuated osteogenic processes, whereas IRX5 knockdown resulted in enhanced osteogenesis in hBMSCs. RNA‐seq and enrichment analysis unveiled that IRX5 overexpression exerted inhibitory effects on ribosomal translation and mitochondrial functions. Furthermore, the application of the mTOR activator, MHY1485, effectively reversed the inhibitory impact of IRX5 on osteogenesis and mitochondrial functions in hBMSCs. In summary, our findings suggest that IRX5 restricts mTOR‐mediated ribosomal translation, consequently impairing mitochondrial OxPhos, which in turn results in osteogenic dysfunction of hBMSCs.
Beyond the monolith: A systematic review of the literature on Latiné/x/a/o students in engineering using a liberative approach
Authors: Revelo Renata A. , Mejia Joel Alejandro , Mejía Janice , Villanueva Alarcón Idalis 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis systematic review of the literature on Latiné/x/a/o students in engineering was motivated by the recent increase in interest and thus scholarship about this population and the need for a nuanced understanding of the population's diversity.PurposeThis article's purpose is to provide a basis for critically exploring how heterogeneity within the Latiné/x/a/o engineering student population—and across the spectrum of pre‐college to graduate school—is used in engineering educational scholarship. The following research question is addressed: “How is the diversity within Latiné engineering students exemplified in the engineering education literature?”Scope/MethodThis work was guided by a liberative approach as the driving framework to review and synthesize literature published in peer‐reviewed journal articles from 2005 to 2018 that met the following inclusion criteria: (i) population of interest included Latinés; (ii) focused on engineering or included engineering within the larger STEM; and (iii) studied K–20 education.ResultsSixty‐nine studies were reviewed and synthesized. Key findings include an insufficient focus on Latiné students, an increased use of purposeful and critical theoretical frameworks, and a lack of demographics used to present a nuanced understanding of Latiné students in engineering.ConclusionsWe conclude that contextualized demographics should be included which enable analysis that provides nuanced understandings of Latiné students in engineering. While there is increased interest within engineering education to work with Latiné students, our findings point to the need of ensuring that research is conducted with cultural sensitivity, accuracy, and a nuanced understanding of the lived experiences of Latiné individuals.
Effect of Metabolic Syndrome on Left Atrial and Left Ventricular Deformation and Atrioventricular Interactions in Patients With Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Liu Jing , Li Yuan , Peng Li‐Qing , Gao Yue , Shi Ke , Qian Wen‐Lei , Yan Wei‐Feng , Yang Zhi‐Gang 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with worse prognosis in patients with myocardial infarction (MI). However, it is unclear how MetS in MI patients is associated with left atrial (LA) and left ventricular (LV) deformation.PurposeTo determine the effect of MetS on LA and LV deformation and atrioventricular interactions in MI patients.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationOne hundred eighty‐one MI patients (73 MetS+ and 108 MetS−), 107 age‐ and sex‐matched controls (49 MetS+ and 58 MetS−).Field Strength/Sequence3.0 T/balanced steady‐state free precession (SSFP)/segmented phase‐sensitive inversion recovery SSFP sequence.AssessmentLA strain and strain rates (reservoir, conduit, and active), left atrioventricular coupling index (LACI), and LV geometry and radial, circumferential and longitudinal global peak strains (PS) were compared among groups.Statistical TestsTwo‐way analysis of variance, Spearman and Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multivariable linear regression analysis. P value <0.05 indicated statistical significance.ResultsCompared with controls, the MI patients with or without MetS showed impaired LA function (reservoir, conduit, and active) and LV deformation (radial, circumferential, and longitudinal PS) and higher LACI. The MetS+ group had lower LA reservoir and conduit function and LV deformation than MetS− group. The MetS‐MI interaction was not statistically significant. Furthermore, multivariable linear regression showed that MetS was independently associated with LA and LV deformation (β = −0.181 to −0.209) in MI patients; LA function was independently associated with LV circumferential PS (β = 0.230 to 0.394) and longitudinal PS (β = 0.189 to 0.420), and LA passive strain and strain rate were negatively associated with LV mass (β = −0.178 and −0.298).Data ConclusionMetS may be associated with the LA and LV dysfunction in MI patients. Impaired LV deformation and LV hypertrophy are independently associated with LA dysfunction in MI patients, and the MI patients have higher LACI than controls, suggesting atrioventricular interaction alterations.Evidence Level4Technical Efficacy3
Hip joint center lateralization minimally affects the biomechanics of patient‐specific flanged acetabular components: A computational model
Authors: Lee Haena‐Young , Boettner Friedrich , Blevins Jason L. , Rodriguez Jose A. , Lipman Joseph D. , Quevedo González Fernando J. , Bostrom Mathias P. , Wright Timothy M. , Sculco Peter K. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPatient‐specific flanged acetabular components are utilized to treat failed total hip arthroplasties with large acetabular defects. Previous clinical studies from our institution showed that these implants tend to lateralize the acetabular center of rotation. However, the clinical impact of lateralization on implant survivorship is debated. Our goal was to develop a finite element model to quantify how lateralization of the native hip center affects periprosthetic strain and implant‐bone micromotion distributions in a static level gait loading condition. To build the model, we computationally created a superomedial acetabular defect in a computed tomography 3D reconstruction of a native pelvis and designed a flanged acetabular implant to address this simulated bone defect. We modeled two implants, one with ~1 cm and a second with ~2 cm of hip center lateralization. We applied the maximum hip contact force and corresponding abductor force observed during level gait. The resulting strains were compared to bone fatigue strength (0.3% strain) and the micromotions were compared to the threshold for bone ingrowth (20 µm). Overall, the model demonstrated that the additional lateralization only slightly increased the area of bone at risk of failure and decreased the areas compatible with bone ingrowth. This computational study of patient‐specific acetabular implants establishes the utility of our modeling approach. Further refinement will yield a model that can explore a multitude of variables and could be used to develop a biomechanically‐based acetabular bone loss classification system to guide the development of patient‐specific implants in the treatment of large acetabular bone defects.
π‐π stacking interactions mediate molecular recognition between arginine and tryptophan containing peptides derived from human islet polypeptide
Authors: Vedad J. , Bilog M. , Chamorro A. , Profit A. A. , Desamero R. Z. B. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCation‐π interactions, often found in protein assemblies, are characterized by favorable electrostatic interactions between an aromatic π‐electron surface and a positively charged species. There are evidences that reveal the importance of cation‐π interactions between arginine and aromatic residues in protein structure and function. In this paper, the effect of cation‐π interactions on the aggregation propensity of peptides derived from human islet polypeptide (hIAPP) was explored using UV resonance Raman and fluorescence spectroscopy. By employing an analog of hIAPP22–29 in which Phe‐23 is replaced with tryptophan (NWGAILSS), we were able to demonstrate an increase in the amyloidogenic propensity of this mutant in the presence of Zn2+ that is attributable to cation‐π interactions. In contrast, no cation‐π interactions were observed when the cationic F23R analog of hIAPP22–29 (NRGAILSS) was allowed to interact with NWGAILSS. From these observations, it was surmised that in these peptides, the dominant interaction between arginine and tryptophan involves the π‐cloud of the guanidino group and the indole ring, not cation‐π interactions. The spectroscopic data, supported by density functional theory‐based simulation results, suggest that arginine‐tryptophan interaction involves π‐π stacking where the guanidino group is oriented parallel to the indole ring. These hydrophobic interactions, coupled with the hydrotropic effect of the guanidine functionality of arginine, led to a delay in the aggregation kinetics of NWGAILSS. These unique interactions were further exploited to design a peptide inhibitor of full‐length amylin self‐assembly.
Wheat protein‐derived surfactants: Synthesis and properties
Authors: Li Wanchun , Shen Jie , Xu Hujun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGreen surfactants produced from peptides and their derivatives have excellent surface chemistry and application properties. A mild, biocompatible, and rapidly biodegradable green surfactant, potassium N‐lauroyl wheat peptide (PLW), was synthesized by an acylation method in the aqueous phase with lauryl chloride and wheat oligopeptide as starting materials. Furthermore, the isoelectric point, equilibrium surface tension, dynamic surface tension, micellar aggregation behavior, foaming, and irritating properties of PLW were studied. Wheat oligopeptides were discovered to have the greatest glutamic acid content, accounting for 30.92% of the overall amino acid composition. The findings revealed that the protonation and ionization behavior of PLW was pH dependent. At pH 8.5, water's surface tension was lowered to 32.1 mN/m−1. At high concentrations and pH, PLW formed large aggregates in solution, causing the adsorption behavior of PLW molecules to shift from diffusion‐controlled adsorption to mixed kinetic adsorption, with PLW exhibiting great surface activity. Furthermore, PLW has good foaming properties and is non‐irritating. As a result, PLW is predicted to become widely employed in the field of household chemicals.
Comparing cefazolin/metronidazole, piperacillin‐tazobactam, or cefoxitin as surgical antibiotic prophylaxis in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Park Lily J. , D'Souza Daniel , Kazi Tania , Rodriguez Felipe , Griffiths Christopher , McKechnie Tyler , Mertz Dominik , Serrano Pablo E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundPreoperative antibiotic options for pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) include cefoxitin (CX), piperacillin‐tazobactam (PT), or combined cefazolin and metronidazole (CM). Recent studies suggest the superiority of PT over CX, but evidence for CM is unclear.ObjectiveTo explore the impact of preoperative antibiotic selection (CM vs. PT and CX vs. PT) on the development of surgical site infections (SSI).MethodsConsecutive adult patients at one institution who underwent PD from November 2017 to December 2021 and received either CM, PT, or CX preoperatively, were included. The primary outcome was SSI. Secondary outcomes included postoperative infections and clinically significant postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF). Logistic regression models were used.ResultsAmong 127 patients included in the study, PT, CM, and CX were administered in 46 (36.2%), 44 (34.6%), and 37 (29.4%) patients, respectively. There were 32 (27.1%) SSI, 20 (36.1%) infections, and 21 (22.9%) POPF events. PT use was associated with reduced risk of SSI compared to CX (OR: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.11−0.89, p = 0.03), but there was no difference as compared to CM (OR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.27−2.13, p = 0.59). There were no differences in secondary outcomes.ConclusionPT reduced SSI rates compared to CX but was no different to CM among patients undergoing PD at our center.
Clinical features of drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms: A retrospective study in a reference centre of dermatology in Madagascar
Authors: Sendrasoa Fandresena Arilala , Imbelona Bienvenu Chrismael , Razafimaharo Tsiory Iarintsoa , Ramarozatovo Lala , Rapelanoro Rabenja Fahafahantsoa 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundDrug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is drug‐induced hypersensitivity reaction that can have fatal complications. Three sets of diagnostic criteria have been proposed, however, consensus is lacking.ObjectivesThis study aimed to describe the causative agents, severity, and the clinical course of patients with DRESS in Antananarivo, Madagascar.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted in patients seen for DRESS, in the department of dermatology at the University Hospital Antananarivo, Madagascar from 2014 to 2022. European Registry of Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions (RegiSCAR) criteria was used for the diagnosis. Demographic data, latency periods, clinical and laboratory findings, culprit drugs, and outcomes were assessed.ResultsA total of 24 patients were included. Fifteen patients were female. The three most common culprit drugs were carbamazepine (17 patients), phenobarbital (2 patients), and ampicilline (2 patients). Median onset time (interquartile range) was 20 days (range: 7–62 days). Skin rash was present in all patients, and fever in 18 patients. A total of 12 patients showed two or more internal organs involved. Liver and kidney injuries were the most common visceral manifestation. All patients had eosinophilia. Fifteen patients received systemic corticosteroids. Two mortality cases were reported due to DRESS‐related fulminant liver failure and to nosocomial respiratory infection. Mortality was associated with higher eosinophilia (p = 0.03), higher creatininemia (p = 0.04), and shorter time of latency (p = 0.04).ConclusionsOur study show that DRESS is associated with severe morbidity. Early detection and withdrawal of the culprit dru gis crucial to save life and reduce morbidity.
Resource Utilization and Risk Factors for Esophageal Injury in Pediatric Esophageal Foreign Bodies
Authors: Hashimi Basil , Shaffer Amber D. , McCoy Jennifer L. , Chi David H. , Padia Reema 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveWhile management protocols of pediatric esophageal foreign bodies (EFBs) are well‐delineated, resource utilization can be improved. This study's objectives were to explore hospital charges/costs for pediatric patients who present with EFBs and to identify patient risk factors associated with esophageal injury.MethodsA retrospective chart review of patients undergoing aerodigestive foreign body removal at a tertiary‐care children's hospital from 2018 to 2021 was conducted. Data collected included demographics, medical history, presenting symptoms, EFB type, surgical findings, and hospital visit charges/costs.Results203 patients were included. 178 of 203 (87.7%) patients were admitted prior to operation. Unwitnessed EFB ingestion (p < 0.001, OR = 15.1, 95% CI = 5.88–38.6), experiencing symptoms for longer than a week (p < 0.001, OR = 11.4, 95% CI = 3.66–38.6) and the following presenting symptoms increased the odds of esophageal injury: dysphagia (p = 0.04, OR = 2.45, 95% CI = 1.02–5.85), respiratory distress (p = 0.005, OR = 15.5, 95% CI = 2.09–181), coughing (p < 0.001, OR = 10.1, 95% CI = 3.73–28.2), decreased oral intake (p = 0.001, OR = 6.60, 95% CI = 2.49–17.7), fever (p = 0.001, OR = 5.52, 95% CI = 1.46–19.6), and congestion (p = 0.001, OR = 8.15, 95% CI = 2.42–27.3). None of the 51 asymptomatic patients had esophageal injury. The median total charges during the encounter was $20,808 (interquartile range: $18,636–$24,252), with operating room (OR) (median: $5,396; 28.2%) and inpatient admission (median: $5,520; 26.0%) contributing the greatest percentage.ConclusionsAsymptomatic patients with EFBs did not experience esophageal injury. The OR and inpatient observation accounted for the greatest percentage of the hospital charges. These results support developing a potential algorithm to triage asymptomatic patients to be managed on a same‐day outpatient basis to improve the value of care.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 134:4774–4782, 2024
Spatial–temporal evolution and driving factors of ecosystem services trade‐offs and synergies in karst areas from a geospatial perspective
Authors: Qu Shaodong , Jiang Yuan , Gao Jiangbo , Cao Qian , Wang Lunche , Zhang Yibo , Huang Fengxian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNowadays, studies of ecosystem services (ESs) trade‐offs and synergies in karst areas are limited to a single region. In particular, the quantification of the nature and intensity of the relationships between ESs in continuous karst distribution areas (CKDAs) and non‐karst areas (NKAs), and a full understanding of the drivers behind this change remains a challenge. In this study, the province of Guizhou in China was used as study area and a framework was developed to analyze the spatial variation of trade‐offs and synergies between ESs. The framework utilized Spearman, geographical detector, and multi‐scale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) to establish connections between four key ESs: habitat quality (HQ), water yield (WY), soil conservation (SC), and net primary productivity (NPP). Through the examination of these relationships, this article has revealed the influence of the driving forces on this ecological process. The study indicated that: (1) During this period, ESs in study area increased steadily, with the average value of HQ always above 0.6, and WY, SC, and NPP increased by 2.32%, 6.07%, and 15.18%, respectively. (2) WY had a trade‐off relationship with other ESs, and SC, HQ, and NPP were synergistic with each other. (3) In the CKDA, topography and precipitation dominated the relationship between SC and other ESs. In contrast, in the NKA, ecological processes involving HQ were more prominent in human/natural interactions. Therefore, proposing ecological measures at different spatial scales to promote synergistic development between ESs is of great importance for ecological governance and sustainability of karst areas.
Phase 1b trial of anti‐HER2 antibody inetetamab and pan‐HER inhibitor pyrotinib in HER2‐positive advanced lung cancer
Authors: Huang Yihua , Zhao Yuanyuan , Huang Yan , Yang Yunpeng , Zhang Yaxiong , Hong Shaodong , Zhao Hongyun , Zhao Shen , Zhou Ting , Chen Gang , Zhou Huaqiang , Ma Yuxiang , Zhou Ningning , Zhang Li , Fang Wenfeng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThere remains an unmet need for targeted therapies against advanced non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with HER2 mutations. To improve the antitumor activity of single anti‐HER2 agent, this prospective, single‐arm clinical trial (NCT05016544) examined the safety profile and efficacy of anti‐HER2 antibody inetetamab and pan‐HER TKI pyrotinib in HER2‐posivite advanced NSCLC patients. Enrolled patients received inetetamab every 3 weeks and pyrotinib once per day (pyrotinib, dose‐escalation part, 240 mg, 320 mg; dose‐expansion part, 320 mg). Primary endpoints were dose‐limiting toxicity (DLT) dosage and safety. Secondary endpoints included progression‐free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), and disease control rate (DCR). A total of 48 patients were enrolled. During the dose‐escalation period, no DLT occurred. Diarrhea was the most commonly reported treatment‐related adverse event (TRAE). Grade 3 TRAEs occurred in seven patients. The median PFS (mPFS) was 5.5 months [95% confidence interval (CI): 4.4–8.6 months]. The confirmed ORR and DCR reached 25% (11/44) and 84.1% (37/44), respectively. Responses were shown in patients with distinct HER2 aberrations. In summary, inetetamab in combination with pyrotinib demonstrated acceptable safety and antitumor activity among patients with advanced HER2‐mutant NSCLC.
The impact of financing efficiency in defense industry base on non‐technological innovation: Evidence from China
Authors: Zhu Huaijia , Chen Bo , Chang Shiwei , Zhu Huaiqi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe innovation of defense industry base requires not only technological progress but also scientific organization and management and reasonable business model. Based on the data of A‐share listed companies related to defense industry base in China from 2013 to 2021, this paper employs panel‐probit model with instrumental variable to empirically test the relationship and influence mechanism of financing efficiency on non‐technological innovation. It is found that the financing efficiency of the defense industry base has a significantly positive effect on organizational innovation and market innovation, which is more prominent in state‐owned enterprises and military enterprises. The influence mechanism is mainly to improve information symmetry and reduce agency costs. Internally, the defense industry base should strengthen the management of financing and innovation activities; from the external point of view, the government needs to improve the construction of capital market, and financial institutions need to play the role of professional institutional investors and external supervisors, which is conducive to improving the non‐technical innovation ability of defense industry base.