bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling Pinus edulis growth in a changing climate: Carbon dioxide, growing season length, and precipitation
Authors: Tysor Susannah , Koch George , Whipple Amy 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Background/Question/Methods
Pinus edulis (pinyon pine) is a foundation tree species in the southwestern United States that has experienced high levels of mortality in a drought extending from the mid-1990s to the present. Despite high mortality levels, radial growth of pinyon pine in northern Arizona over the past century shows an increasing trend not found in four centuries of preindustrial growth. Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) shows a strong correlation with recent radial growth, and a simple linear AR(1) model with only [CO2] as a covariate explains average yearly growth well. No climate variable except [CO2] has a consistent long-term trend that accounts for increasing radial growth, but growing season and precipitation are responsible for interannual variation in radial growth. Our goal is to understand how [CO2] and other climate variables, including drought severity, influence growth and survival of pinyon pine.

Results/Conclusions
To model and predict growth for individual pinyon pine trees, we adapted a hierarchical Bayesian state-space model from Clark et al. (2007) that incorporates both tree ring and diameter data. We included [CO2], water year precipitation, and an index of growing season length based on temperatures early and late in the growing season as covariates while adjusting for known size-related growth trends. Elevated [CO2], longer growing season, and wetter years are positively correlated with growth (parameter values and standard errors of 0.010 ± 0.000039, 0.0096 ± 0.000082, and 0.010 ± 0.000035, respectively). These trends are consistent with recent studies of growth patterns in other long-lived tree species in the western U.S. Ongoing analyses are evaluating interactions between [CO2] and precipitation to test the idea that rising CO2 may ameliorate growth reductions due to water stress.
Best practices for building interoperable systems for translational research
Authors: Kibbe Warren 
Published: November 2010

AbstractResearch databases, clinical systems, and lab systems all have different standards, formats and drivers for data capture, operation, analysis and integration. For interdisciplinary nutritional researchers, however, there is a dependence on all of these areas and technologies. While building and integrating these systems can be difficult, using agile practices including short iterations, testing and continuous integration methods, and close engagement with all stakeholders to create useful systems for translational research. Interoperability also requires good data standards, including the use of structured data dictionaries and existing data standards such as HL7, UMLS, LOINC, ICD, and OBO foundry ontologies.
Ecology of Environmental Education: Feedbacks, Education, and Resilience
Authors: Tidball Keith G , Krasny Marianne 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe ecology education community has focused on the suite of knowledge and competencies that constitute environmental literacy, including self-knowledge, evidence-based habits of mind, and ecological concepts and connections (Jordan et al., 2009). Whereas the environmental education (EE) community also is concerned with knowledge, it further embraces goals related to changing attitudes and behavior. In both of these sub-disciplines, educational researchers most often focus on outcomes of specific interventions. Less attention has been paid to the interrelations among the ecological or environmental education activities themselves and the larger social-ecological system. This poster will explore the notion of an ecology of EE, and will attempt to situate EE within a social-ecological framework, such as those proposed by Grimm, Pickett and other ecological researchers who focus on coupled human-natural systems.Using civic ecology education as an example, we explore the interrelations among an educational program and the social and bio-geo-physical components of a larger system. Civic ecology education refers to youth programs where learning is situated in community gardening, community forestry, habitat restoration, and similar small-scale, emergent environmental stewardship or civic ecology practices, which have both social and ecological outcomes. When an educational program is situated in these practices, it may become part of a virtuous feedback loop, in which youth and adult stewardship actions contribute to natural capital, which in turn produces ecosystem services. Social capital may also be enhanced through multiple mechanisms, e.g., youth and adult participation in the civic ecology activity, and through the green spaces created through their activity, both of which provide opportunities for people to socialize, build trust, and participate in the civic life of their community. In addition to viewing EE’s role in feedback loops, we consider EE as a driver of human behavior, as a mediator of human impact on the social and bio-physical environment, and as a mediator of the way in which humans use ecosystem services.Should EE situated in civic ecology practice contribute both directly and indirectly to social and natural capital and ecosystem services, then it may play a role in social-ecological systems resilience. Here we show management and educational applications for a conceptual framework focusing on EE’s role in social-ecosystems and their resilience.
Citizen Science in Disaster and Conflict Resilience
Authors: Tidball Keith G , Krasny Marianne 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Background/Question/Methods
Within the disaster and conflict response communities, concern about lack of effectiveness of outside responses has led to a debate about the role of local people in developing the capacity to prepare for a crisis and to respond after calamity has struck. Pelling (2007) points out the potential for participatory disaster risk assessment to build local capacity and for generating knowledge that, along with more expert-driven data collection, is used to identify and reduce the risk of disaster. Similarly, Weinstein and Tidball (2007) and Tidball et al. (2008) present an alternative model for post-crisis intervention based on local assets, including ongoing attempts of communities to manage their natural resources. For example, these authors suggest that civic ecology (CE) practices, including community forestry, watershed enhancement, community agriculture and gardening, and other participatory environmental restoration initiatives that emerge from the actions of local residents (Tidball and Krasny 2007), should be examined and perhaps leveraged by outsiders for their ability to mitigate post-crisis situations. The question is, how might CE relate to citizen science in applications post-disaster or conflict?

Results/Conclusions
CE practices emerge through the actions of people wanting to manage a local resource, and integrate both learning through small-scale experimentation and observations (adaptive management) and collaborative or participatory processes (co-management). They can be considered as an emergent form of adaptive co-management (Ruitenbeek and Cartier 2001; Armitage, Plummer et al. 2009). The local knowledge of individuals who initiate the practices is critical, although often linkages are made with scientists from universities, government, and non-profit organizations, so multiple forms of knowledge are incorporated into the stewardship activities. This learning shortens feedback times between management actions, such as participatory approaches for planting trees, and seeing the impact of tree planting on local ecological and social systems. CE practices embody attributes that may foster resilience both prior to and post-crisis, including multiple forms of knowledge and governance, self-organization, adaptive learning, shorter feedbacks, and ecosystem services (Folke, S. Carpenter et al. 2002; Walker and Salt 2006). We demonstrate that similar to CE, citizen science could build capacity to mitigate disaster and conflict through shortening feedbacks and through making available multiple forms of knowledge and data collection. Further, given the need for asset-based and participatory interventions post-crisis, and the paucity of existing mechanisms that address this need (Weinstein and Tidball 2007), we examine citizen science and its potential to become part of a tool kit of participatory responses that engage citizens in meaningful activity post-conflict.
Generation of longer emission wavelength red fluorescent proteins using computationally designed libraries
Authors: Chica Roberto A. , Moore Matthew M. , Allen Benjamin D. , Mayo Stephen L. 
Published: November 2010

The longer emission wavelengths of red fluorescent proteins (RFPs) make them attractive for whole-animal imaging because cells are more transparent to red light. Although several useful RFPs have been developed using directed evolution, the quest for further red-shifted and improved RFPs continues. Herein, we report a structure-based rational design approach to red-shift the fluorescence emission of RFPs. We applied a combined computational and experimental approach that uses computational protein design as an
in silico
prescreen to generate focused combinatorial libraries of mCherry mutants. The computational procedure helped us identify residues that could fulfill interactions hypothesized to cause red-shifts without destabilizing the protein fold. These interactions include stabilization of the excited state through H-bonding to the acylimine oxygen atom, destabilization of the ground state by hydrophobic packing around the charged phenolate, and stabilization of the excited state by a π-stacking interaction. Our methodology allowed us to identify three mCherry mutants (mRojoA, mRojoB, and mRouge) that display emission wavelengths > 630 nm, representing red-shifts of 20–26 nm. Moreover, our approach required the experimental screening of a total of ∼5,000 clones, a number several orders of magnitude smaller than those previously used to achieve comparable red-shifts. Additionally, crystal structures of mRojoA and mRouge allowed us to verify fulfillment of the interactions hypothesized to cause red-shifts, supporting their contribution to the observed red-shifts.
Depleted marine fish stocks and ecosystem-based management: on the road to recovery, we need to be precautionary
Authors: Gårdmark Anna , Nielsen Anders , Floeter Jens , Möllmann Christian 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Gårdmark, A., Nielsen, A., Floeter, J., and Möllmann, C. 2011. Depleted marine fish stocks and ecosystem-based management: on the road to recovery, we need to be precautionary. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 212–220. Precautionary management for fish stocks in need of recovery requires that likely stock increases can be distinguished from model artefacts and that the uncertainty of stock status can be handled. Yet, ICES stock assessments are predominantly deterministic and many EC management plans are designed for deterministic advice. Using the eastern Baltic cod (Gadus morhua) stock as an example, we show how deterministic scientific advice can lead to illusive certainty of a rapid stock recovery and management decisions taken in unawareness of large uncertainties in stock status. By (i) performing sensitivity analyses of key assessment model assumptions, (ii) quantifying the uncertainty of the estimates due to data uncertainty, and (iii) developing alternative stock and ecosystem indicators, we demonstrate that estimates of recent fishing mortality and recruitment of this stock were highly uncertain and show that these uncertainties are crucial when combined with management plans based on fixed reference points of fishing mortality. We therefore call for fisheries management that does not neglect uncertainty. To this end, we outline a four-step approach to handle uncertainty of stock status in advice and management. We argue that it is time to use these four steps towards an ecosystem-based approach to fisheries management.
Monitoring of human papillomavirus vaccination
Authors: Dillner J , Arbyn M , Unger E , Dillner L 
Published: November 2010

Summary
Persistent infection with oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) is a necessary causal factor in the development of cervical cancer. Moreover, HPV, predominately type 16 and to a lesser degree type 18, is linked causally to varying proportions of other anogenital cancers (vulva, vagina, penis, anus) as well as cancers elsewhere in the body (oropharynx, larynx, conjunctiva). HPV types 6 and 11 cause most of genital warts and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. Effective prophylactic vaccines have been developed. In this review, we address briefly the immunological aspects of HPV infection and the results of HPV vaccination trials. Internationally standardized monitoring and evaluation of prophylactic HPV vaccination programmes will be essential for arriving at the most cost-effective strategies for cancer control.
Effect of an individualised education programme on asthma control, inhaler use skill, asthma knowledge and health‐related quality of life among poorly compliant Korean adult patients with asthma
Authors: Choi Ja Yun , Cho Chung Hyang‐In 
Published: November 2010

Aims and objectives.  This study assessed the effect of an individualised education programme on asthma control, inhaler use, asthma knowledge and health‐related quality of life among poorly compliant adult Korean patients with asthma.Background.  Previous studies show that proper educational strategies are necessary to increase asthma knowledge and skills to improve patients’ self‐management and health‐related quality of life.Design.  A one‐group quasi‐experimental design with repeated measurements.Methods.  Adult patients with asthma (n = 101) were recruited from University hospital located in K City, Korea. Three interventions consisting of 30‐minute sessions of individualised education were provided by an education team. Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), daily record card (DRC) scores, skill scores for use of metered dose inhaler, level of asthma knowledge and health‐related quality of life scores were obtained before the intervention and 2–4 and 4–8 weeks after the intervention. One‐way repeated measures analysis of variance was used to identify the effect of the education programme on the dependent variables.Results.  Peak expiratory flow rate, DRC scores, inhaler using skill scores and health‐related quality of life scores benefitted from intervention, whereas knowledge score did not. The effect on the PEFR and DRC score was sustained, with that of inhaler use skill increased over time from 4–8 weeks. However, the health‐related quality of life effect was not sustained for 4–8 weeks after the intervention.Conclusions.  Repetitive education and innovative education methods may be needed to improve and to maintain pulmonary function, symptom control, asthma knowledge and health‐related quality of life of poorly compliant adult Korean patients with asthma.Relevance to clinical practice.  This study confirmed the importance of education for patients suffering from asthma in managing their symptoms and promoting their quality of life.
Sham feeding disrupts phase III of the duodenal migrating motor complex in humans
Authors: POUDEROUX P. , VEYRAC M. , MICHEL H. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe role of the vagus nerve in the control of the intestinal migrating motor complex (MMC) is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of physiological vagal stimulation with sham feeding on phase III of the MMC. Antroduodenal motility was recorded in six healthy volunteers. The first phase III was used as a control, and sham feeding was performed during the second phase III. The MMC was disrupted within 1.5 ± 0.4 min of sham feeding and its duration was shorter than the control phase III. Phase III propagation was inhibited in all subjects, most of them exhibiting no propagation beyond the third duodenal recording site. During sham feeding, the antrum exhibited transient phasic contractions in five out of six subjects. The duodenal motility index recorded for up to 30 min after the onset of the sham feeding was unchanged in five out of six subjects. We conclude that sham feeding consistently interrupted phase III of the duodenal MMC and induced antral contractions, but failed to provoke significant motor events in the duodenum.
Photoperiodism in Higher Plants: An Interaction of Phytochrome and Circadian Rhythms
Authors: HEIDE OLA M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA theoretical model for photoperiodic time measurement in higher plants is presented. It is based on the concept that the diurnal change in responsiveness to the phytochrome pigment system is dependent upon a circadian rhythm in membrane functioning and configuration, which is reflected in a parallel rhythm in membrane binding capacity for phytochrome Pfr. Phytochrome in turn, being an integrated part of the membrane clock, is acting as a “Zeitgeber” by mediating the external light stimuli in phase‐controlling of the membrane oscillation. Phytochrome and the circadian clock is thus integrated into one structural and functional unity.Applied to the field of photoperiodic control of flowering the model is shown to account for most of the conflicting experimental results in both short‐day and long‐day plants.
The Structure of Pea Alcohol Dehydrogenase Using Inactivation by Iodoacetate
Authors: LAPKA ROMAN , LEBLOVÁ SYLVA 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAlcohol dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.1.1.1, abbreviated ADH) isolated from germinating pea seeds (Pisum arvense L.) is inactivated by iodoacetate. The inactivation rate is decreased by ATP, ADP, AMP, NAD, chloride ions and o‐phenanthroline. The nucleotides studied are bound in the area of the coenzyme binding site, similar to iodoacetate. On the other hand, o‐phenanthroline binds zinc ions in a chelate which is apparently bound in the close vicinity of the coenzyme binding site.
Prognostic significance of replication protein A (RPA) expression levels in bladder urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Levidou Georgia , Gakiopoulou Hariklia , Kavantzas Nikolaos , Saetta Angelica A. , Karlou Maria , Pavlopoulos Petros , Thymara Irene , Diamantopoulou Kalliopi , Patsouris Efstratios , Korkolopoulou Penelope 
Published: November 2010

What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? The prognostic utility of cyclin D1 in non‐muscle and muscle‐invasive urothelial bladder carcinomas has already been examined by our group and our investigators previously. Moreover, recent investigations have shown that RPA protein expression may be implicated in the pathogenesis of various malignant tumours. In this study, RPA1 and RPA2 overexpression seems to be more important during early T‐categories of bladder carcinogenesis, showing similar kinetics with cyclin D1, whereas RPA2 expression emerges as a valuable marker of favourable prognosis in the entire cohort and in non‐muscle‐invasive tumours, supplementing the information obtained by standard clinicopathological prognosticators.OBJECTIVE• To elucidate the role of replication protein A (RPA) in both superficial (Ta–T1) and muscle‐invasive (T2–T4) urothelial carcinomas (UCs), investigating its potential prognostic usefulness.PATIENTS AND METHODS• Paraffin‐embedded tissue from 156 patients with bladder UC was immunostained for RPA1 and RPA2.RESULTS• RPA1 and RPA2 labelling indexes (LIs) decreased with increasing histological grade (both P < 0.001) and T‐category in the entire cohort (P= 0.008 and P < 0.001, respectively) and in muscle‐invasive carcinomas (P= 0.014 and P= 0.012, respectively).• RPA1 expression was positively correlated with RPA2 (Spearman’s correlation coefficient ρ= 0.309, P < 0.001). Both RPA1 and RPA2 LIs were positively correlated with cyclin D1 expression (ρ= 0.354, P < 0.001 and ρ= 0.934, P < 0.001).• In survival analysis of the entire cohort decreased RPA2 and RPA1 correlated with a lesser probability of survival (P < 0.001 and P= 0.018). In non‐muscle‐invasive tumours (Ta–T1) only lower RPA2 (P < 0.001) was correlated with shortened survival, whereas in muscle‐invasive tumours (T2–T4) decreased RPA2 and RPA1 expression levels were associated with adverse prognosis (P= 0.035 and P= 0.042, respectively).• In multivariate survival analysis of the entire cohort and in non‐muscle‐invasive cases RPA2 expression remained significant, even when adjustment for cyclin D1 expression was applied.CONCLUSIONS• RPA1 and RPA2 overexpression seems to be more important during early T‐categories of bladder carcinogenesis. Showing similar kinetics with cyclin D1.• RPA2 expression emerges as a valuable marker of favourable prognosis in the entire cohort and in non‐muscle‐invasive tumours, supplementing the information obtained by standard clinicopathological prognosticators.
Global agriculture R&D and the changing aid architecture
Authors: Pingali Prabhu 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAgriculture research knowledge and technology that transcends national borders has played a crucial role in enhancing developing country productivity growth over the past 50 years. The demand for international agriculture research (IAR) continues to be strong today even while becoming increasingly differentiated by the stage of development that a particular country or region is in. The supply of IAR to developing country research programs is, however, becoming increasingly constrained by: variable donor support; a push toward downstream product adaptation and dissemination activities relative to innovation and product development; and a lack of clear links between international public good research and national agriculture development priorities. Country‐level donor coordination and alignment mechanisms, specified in the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness, do not explicitly account for the role of IAR in the development process. While the movement toward national ownership of its development agenda and donor alignment around it is unquestionably good, an unintended consequence could be a break in the R&D pipeline that supplies public good research and technologies for enhancing developing country agriculture productivity growth. The article presents options for rebuilding synergies between international public good research and national agriculture development priorities.
Generalized, severe, chronic periodontitis is associated with anemia of chronic disease: a pilot study in urban, Indian males
Authors: Naik Vidya , Acharya Aneesha , Deshmukh Vijay L. , Shetty Sharath , Shirhatti Ravi 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAim:  Anemia of chronic disease, a cytokine‐mediated anemia, is a frequent complication of many chronic inflammatory conditions. The present case‐control study was aimed to evaluate levels of systemic hematological markers indicative of anemia in patients with generalized, severe, chronic periodontitis.Methods:  A convenience quota sample of 30 systemically‐healthy, urban, male patients comprised two groups, based on full mouth periodontal examination: group A patients (n = 15) were diagnosed with generalized, severe, chronic periodontitis, and group B patients comprised the control group (n = 15), which included patients with a clinically‐healthy periodontium. Laboratory blood investigations included hemoglobin (g%), total number of erythrocytes (red blood cells), hematocrit/packed cell volume, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, mean corpuscular volume of erythrocytes, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. An analysis of covariance using age as a covariate was done to compare the mean values of hematological parameters within groups.Results: The mean values of hemoglobin, red blood cells, packed cell volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration were significantly lower, while the mean corpuscular volume of erythrocytes and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were significantly higher in group A patients compared to those in group B, indicating mild anemia.Conclusions: Severe periodontal disease can be linked with anemic status.