bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional-scale spatiotemporal landslide probability assessment through machine learning and potential applications for operational warning systems: a case study in Kvam (Norway)
Authors: Nocentini Nicola , Rosi Ascanio , Piciullo Luca , Liu Zhongqiang , Segoni Samuele , Fanti Riccardo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe use of machine learning models for landslide susceptibility mapping is widespread but limited to spatial prediction. The potential of employing these techniques in spatiotemporal landslide forecasting remains largely unexplored. To address this gap, this study introduces an innovative dynamic (i.e., space–time-dependent) application of the random forest algorithm for evaluating landslide hazard (i.e., spatiotemporal probability of landslide occurrence). An area in Norway has been chosen as the case study because of the availability of a comprehensive, spatially, and temporally explicit rainfall-induced landslide inventory. The applied methodology is based on the inclusion of dynamic variables, such as cumulative rainfall, snowmelt, and their seasonal variability, as model inputs, together with traditional static parameters such as lithology and morphologic attributes. In this study, the variables’ importance was assessed and used to interpret the model decisions and to verify that they align with the physical mechanism responsible for landslide triggering. The algorithm, once trained and tested against landslide and non-landslide data sampled over space and time, produced a model predictor that was subsequently applied to the entire study area at different times: before, during, and after specific landslide events. For each selected day, a specific and space–time-dependent landslide hazard map was generated, then validated against field data. This study overcomes the traditional static applications of machine learning and demonstrates the applicability of a novel model aimed at spatiotemporal landslide probability assessment, with perspectives of applications to early warning systems.
A New Coding System for the Identification of Left Ventricular Rotation Patterns and Their Relevance to Myocardial Function
Authors: Mora Vicente , Geraldo Juan , Roldán Ildefonso , Galiana Ester , Gil Celia , Escribano Pablo , Arbucci Rosina , Hidalgo Alberto , Gramage Paula , Trainini Jorge , Carreras Francesc , Lowenstein Jorge 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRotational mechanics is a fundamental determinant of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). The coding system currently employed in clinical practice does not distinguish between rotational patterns. We propose an alternative coding system that makes possible to identify the rotational pattern of the LV and relate it to myocardial function. Echocardiographic images were used to generate speckle tracking-derived transmural global longitudinal strain (tGLS) and rotational parameters. The existence of twist (basal and apical rotations in opposite directions) is expressed as a rotational gradient with a positive value that is the sum of the basal and apical rotation angles. Conversely, when there is rigid rotation (basal and apical rotations in the same direction) the resulting gradient is assigned a negative value that is the subtraction between the two rotation angles. The rotational patterns were evaluated in 87 healthy subjects and 248 patients with LV hypertrophy (LVH) and contrasted with their myocardial function. Our approach allowed us to distinguish between the different rotational patterns. Twist pattern was present in healthy controls and 104 patients with LVH and normal myocardial function (tGLS ≥ 17%, both). Among 144 patients with LVH and myocardial dysfunction (tGLS < 17%), twist was detected in 83.3% and rigid rotation in 16.7%. LVEF was < 50% in 34.7%, and all patients with rigid rotation had a LVEF < 50%. The gradient rotational values showed a close relationship with LVEF (r = 0.73; p < 0.001). The proposed coding system allows us to identify the rotational patterns of the LV and to relate their values with LVEF.
Frequency and characteristics of errors by artificial intelligence (AI) in reading screening mammography: a systematic review
Authors: Zeng Aileen , Houssami Nehmat , Noguchi Naomi , Nickel Brooke , Marinovich M. Luke 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Artificial intelligence (AI) for reading breast screening mammograms could potentially replace (some) human-reading and improve screening effectiveness. This systematic review aims to identify and quantify the types of AI errors to better understand the consequences of implementing this technology.

Methods
Electronic databases were searched for external validation studies of the accuracy of AI algorithms in real-world screening mammograms. Descriptive synthesis was performed on error types and frequency. False negative proportions (FNP) and false positive proportions (FPP) were pooled within AI positivity thresholds using random-effects meta-analysis.

Results
Seven retrospective studies (447,676 examinations; published 2019–2022) met inclusion criteria. Five studies reported AI error as false negatives or false positives. Pooled FPP decreased incrementally with increasing positivity threshold (71.83% [95% CI 69.67, 73.90] at Transpara 3 to 10.77% [95% CI 8.34, 13.79] at Transpara 9). Pooled FNP increased incrementally from 0.02% [95% CI 0.01, 0.03] (Transpara 3) to 0.12% [95% CI 0.06, 0.26] (Transpara 9), consistent with a trade-off with FPP. Heterogeneity within thresholds reflected algorithm version and completeness of the reference standard. Other forms of AI error were reported rarely (location error and technical error in one study each).

Conclusion
AI errors are largely interpreted in the framework of test accuracy. FP and FN errors show expected variability not only by positivity threshold, but also by algorithm version and study quality. Reporting of other forms of AI errors is sparse, despite their potential implications for adoption of the technology. Considering broader types of AI error would add nuance to reporting that can inform inferences about AI’s utility.
Spatial variability in water strontium isotopes and trace metals from the Clarence River Basin, New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Stoot Lauren J. , Baumgartner Lee J. , Butler Gavin L. , Thiem Jason D. , Knowles Brett M. , Doran Gregory S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUnderstanding fish movement in river systems is essential in identifying habitats which are important for species to perpetuate. Water chemistry, paired with fish otoliths, can be used to trace movements among different habitats, although a detailed understanding of spatial variation in water chemistry is first required. To obtain this knowledge, we analysed surface water collected from 59 sites throughout the Clarence River Basin, a coastal river basin in northern New South Wales, Australia. The primary objective was to quantify the spatial variation of trace metals and strontium isotope ratios (87Sr:86Sr) for future and paired use with otolith microchemistry to track fish movement. Using ICP-OES, we identified that some trace metals, particularly strontium and barium as well as 87Sr:86Sr ratios, varied spatially when analysing all water samples and revealed three distinct regions centring around the estuary, interior and outer regions. These differences were driven by variation in the underlying surface geology between the Clarence–Moreton Basin and the New England Block. Tidal influence also affected trace metals and 87Sr:86Sr ratios throughout the estuarine area. We suggest that the level of differentiation identified in the current study has the potential to discriminate broad-scale fish movements among regions/habitats using otolith analysis, with fine scale movements best elucidated using complementary techniques.
Addressing multi-molecule field-coupled nanocomputing for neural networks with SCERPA
Authors: Ravera Federico , Beretta Giuliana , Ardesi Yuri , Graziano Mariagrazia , Piccinini Gianluca 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe molecular field-coupled nanocompunting (molFCN) technology encodes the information in the charge distribution of electrostatically coupled molecules, making it an exciting solution for future beyond-CMOS low-power electronics. Recent literature has shown that multi-molecule molFCN enables the design of devices with tailored unconventional characteristics, such as majority voters working as artificial neurons. This work presents a multi-molecule molFCN neuron model based on the weighted-inputs formulation to estimate molFCN neurons behavior. Then, the introduced model is used to design each neuron of molFCN circuits working as neural networks. In particular, we propose a molFCN neural network operating as an input pattern classifier. The results show the model aptitude in predicting the logic output values for individual neurons and, consequently, entire networks. The model accuracy has been evaluated by comparing the results from the neuron mathematical model with those obtained from the circuit-level simulations conducted with the SCERPA tool. Overall, this study highlights the strategic use of diverse molecules in molFCN layouts, customizing circuit operations, and expanding design possibilities for specific molFCN device functioning.
Two Metallic Nanoparticles Formulas of Phyllostachys heterocycla Extract Exhibited Potent Cytotoxicity against Ovarian Cancer Cells through Apoptosis Induction
Authors: Abdelhameed Reda F. A. , Nafie Mohamed S. , Ibrahim Ahmed K. , Ibrahim Amany K. , Abdel-Kader Maged S. , Ahmed Safwat A. , El-Sayyad Gharieb S. , El-Batal Ahmed I. , Yamada Koji , Badr Jihan M. , Habib Eman S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPhyllostachys heterocycla is well-known for its high diversity of bioactive metabolites, which are the reason for its various potential medical uses for which anticancer activity has been proven. Herein, Phyllostachys heterocycla extract was prepared in two different metallic nanoparticle formulas such as iron oxide nanoparticle-boron, and iron oxide nanoparticle-humic acid (Fe2O3 NP-B and Fe2O3 NP-HA) with average particle sizes of 12.25 nm and 15.80 nm, respectively. Phyllostachys heterocycla extract and the two nano-formulas were investigated to obtain their cytotoxic activity. The crude extract exhibited potent cytotoxic activity against the ovarian (OVCAR-3) cancer cell line, with IC50 values of 16.3 µg/mL. In comparison, the two nano-loaded forms displayed a much more promising cytotoxic activity with IC50 values of 0.9 µg/mL for Fe2O3 NP-HA, and 6.4 µg/mL for Fe2O3 NP-B. Additionally, NP-HA and NP-B showed potent cytotoxic activities against prostate (PC-3) and pancreatic (Panc1) cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 2.31, 6.3 µg/mL for Fe2O3 NP-HA, and 14.9, 16.8 µg/mL for Fe2O3 NP-B. For apoptosis investigation, Fe2O3 NP-HA induced total ovarian apoptotic cell death by a 87.34-fold change, and necrosis by 1.29-fold change. Regarding cell cycle analysis, Fe2O3 NP-HA-PHE arrested the cell proliferation of OVCAR-3 cells in S-phase, with an increased cell population at S-phase of 42.6%. Additionally, it confirmed the apoptosis mechanism by inhibiting the antiapoptotic gene and activating the proapoptotic gene markers. Moreover, upon continuation of our phytochemical investigation of the plant, additional chemical components of the crude extract of Phyllostachys heterocycla were isolated using various chromatographic techniques. As a result, six compounds were isolated. By using different spectroscopic data, the chemical structures of the pure isolated compounds were assigned as stigmasterol (1), glyceryl monobehenate (2), vanillic acid (3), ferulic acid (4), catechin (5), and thymidine (6). These isolated compounds were previously reported for their potent cytotoxic activities against panel of cancer cell lines including pancreatic cancer and prostate cancer cell lines (Ferulic acid), beside the anti-tumor potential against ovarian cell lines (Stigmasterol). In addition to the cytotoxic activity against human larynx carcinoma HepG-2 cell lines (Catechin), human breast cancer MCF7 (Thymidine), and human colon cancer cell line HT-29 (Vanillic acid). Which may explain the significant cytotoxic and anticancer properities of the crude extract of Phyllostachysheterocycla.
Descriptive Epidemiology of Female Suicides by Race and Ethnicity
Authors: Price James H. , Foh Erica Payton 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEach year millions of females develop serious mental illnesses (SMI), which are major risk factors for suicides. Using the Web-Based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS) for the years 2000, 2010 and 2020, we found in 2020 9,428 females (almost 190/week) committed suicide, losing 328,653 years off potential life before age 80 years. There were pronounced increases in female suicides from 2000 to 2020 across all racial and ethnic groups. The greatest number of suicides were in non-Hispanic white females, but the highest rate of suicides was in non-Hispanic American Indians /Alaska Natives, and in females 15–24 years of age. The West had the highest female suicide rates, with methods used to commit suicides varying by census regions and race and ethnicity. Suffocation to commit suicide increased for most racial and ethnic groups and poisonings decreased for most groups between 2000 and 2020, These underscore the need for targeted primary prevention of suicides for females based on age, geographic location and method of suicide, to mitigate female suicides improved access (e.g. geographically and financially) to mental health care services is essential.
Knowing who occupies an office: purely contingent, necessary and impossible offices
Authors: Duží Marie , Číhalová Martina 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper examines different kinds of definite descriptions denoting purely contingent, necessary or impossible objects. The discourse about contingent/impossible/necessary objects can be organised in terms of rational questions to ask and answer relative to the modal profile of the entity in question. There are also limits on what it is rational to know about entities with this or that modal profile. We will also examine epistemic modalities; they are the kind of necessity and possibility that is determined by epistemic constraints related to knowledge or rationality. Definite descriptions denote so-called offices, roles, or things to be. We explicate these α-offices as partial functions from possible worlds to chronologies of objects of type α, where α is mostly the type of individuals. Our starting point is Prior’s distinction between a ‘weak’ and ‘strong’ definite article ‘the’. In both cases, the definite description refers to at most one object; yet, in the case of the weak ‘the’, the referred object can change over time, while in the case of the strong ‘the’, the object referred to by the definite description is the same forever, once the office has been occupied. The main result we present is the way how to obtain a Wh-knowledge about who or what plays a given role presented by a hyper-office, i.e. procedure producing an office. Another no less important result concerns the epistemic necessity of the impossibility of knowing who or what occupies the impossible office presented by a hyper-office.
Assessment of associations between neutrophil extracellular trap biomarkers in blood and thrombi in acute ischemic stroke patients
Authors: Baumann Tristan , de Buhr Nicole , Blume Nicole , Gabriel Maria M. , Ernst Johanna , Fingerhut Leonie , Imker Rabea , Abu-Fares Omar , Kühnel Mark , Jonigk Danny D. , Götz Friedrich , Falk Christine , Weissenborn Karin , Grosse Gerrit M. , Schuppner Ramona 
Published: June 2024

Abstract Inflammation including immunothrombosis by neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) has important implications in acute ischemic stroke and can affect reperfusion status, susceptibility to stroke associated infections (SAI) as well as functional clinical outcome. NETs were shown to be prevalent in stroke thrombi and NET associated markers were found in stroke patients’ blood. However, little is known whether blood derived NET markers reflect the amount of NETs in thrombi. Conclusions from blood derived markers to thrombus composition might open avenues for novel strategies in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. We prospectively recruited 166 patients with acute ischemic stroke undergoing mechanical thrombectomy between March 2018 and May 2021. Available thrombi (n = 106) were stained for NET markers DNA-histone-1 complexes and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Cell free DNA (cfDNA), deoxyribonuclease (DNase) activity, MPO-histone complexes and a cytokine-panel were measured before thrombectomy and after seven days. Clinical data, including stroke etiology, reperfusion status, SAI and functional outcome after rehabilitation, were collected of all patients. NET markers were present in all thrombi. At onset the median concentration of cfDNA in blood was 0.19 µg/ml increasing to 0.30 µg/ml at 7 days. Median DNase activity at onset was 4.33 pmol/min/ml increasing to 4.96 pmol/min/ml at 7 days. Within thrombi DNA-histone-1 complexes and MPO correlated with each other (ρ = 0.792; p < 0.001). Moreover, our study provides evidence for an association between the amount of NETs and endogenous DNase activity in blood with amounts of NETs in cerebral thrombi. However, these associations need to be confirmed in larger cohorts, to investigate the potential clinical implications for individualized therapeutic and diagnostic approaches in acute ischemic stroke.
Graphical Abstract
Linking chemical surface water monitoring and pesticide regulation in selected European countries
Authors: Spycher Simon , Kalf Dennis , Lahr Joost , Gönczi Mikaela , Lindström Bodil , Pace Emanuela , Botta Fabrizio , Bougon Nolwenn , Staub Pierre-François , Hitzfeld Kristina L. , Weisner Oliver , Junghans Marion , Kroll Alexandra 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe progress in chemical analytics and understanding of pesticide dynamics in surface waters allows establishing robust data on compounds with frequent exceedances of quality standards. The current chemical, temporal, and spatial coverage of the pesticide monitoring campaigns differs strongly between European countries. A questionnaire revealed differences in monitoring strategies in seven selected European countries; Nordic countries prioritize temporal coverage, while others focus on spatial coverage. Chemical coverage has increased, especially for non-polar classes like synthetic pyrethroids. Sweden combines monitoring data with agricultural practices for derived quantities, while the Netherlands emphasizes spatial coverage to trace contamination sources. None of the EU member states currently has established a process for linking chemical surface water monitoring data with regulatory risk assessment, while Switzerland has recently established a legally defined feedback loop. Due to their design and objectives, most strategies do not capture concentration peaks, especially 2-week composite samples, but also grab samples. Nevertheless, for substances that appear problematic in many data sets, the need for action is evident even without harmonization of monitoring programs. Harmonization would be beneficial, however, for cross-national assessment including risk reduction measures.
Wintertime diffusion of sedimentary phosphorus – implications for under-ice phosphorus removal from eutrophic lakes
Authors: Silvonen Soila , Niemistö Juha , Jilbert Tom , Horppila Jukka 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Many eutrophic lakes are located in regions where lakes become ice-covered during the winter. This study aimed to find out if phosphorus (P) could be withdrawn from such lakes by utilizing the wintertime accumulation of P to the near-bottom water.

Methods
Data for water quality and sediment characteristics were collected from two eutrophic boreal lakes with tube samplers and sediment corers. Diffusion rates of P across the sediment-water interface (SWI) and within the active sediment layers, and potential export of P via wintertime withdrawal were calculated.

Results
In the stratifying Lake Kymijärvi, P concentration in the near-bottom water reached 66 µg L−1 and P diffusion across SWI in the hypoxic area 5.4 mg m−2 d−1. In the shallow Lake Savijärvi, maximum P concentration was 78 µg L−1 but P diffusion rate only 0.34 mg m−2 d−1. In Kymijärvi, the concentrations of Fe and Mn in the sediment were high relative to P. In Savijärvi, sediment P was bound to clay minerals and calcium carbonates, while Fe was bound in sulfides.

Conclusion
In Kymijärvi, a theoretical14.3% reduction in epilimnetic TP concentration could be achieved in 20 years with 20 L s−1 winter withdrawal. In Savijärvi, 10 L s−1 withdrawal could theoretically cause a 5.8% reduction in TP concentration in 5 years, but the low P diffusion rate across SWI, and the low discharge of the lake may limit P removal. In Kymijärvi, where summertime withdrawal is already applied, additional winter withdrawal could accelerate lake recovery.
Topology of the space of conormal distributions
Authors: Álvarez López Jesús A. , Kordyukov Yuri A. , Leichtnam Eric 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGiven a closed manifold M and a closed regular submanifold L, consider the corresponding locally convex space $$I=I(M,L)$$

I
=
I
(
M
,
L
)

of conormal distributions, with its natural topology, and the strong dual $$I'=I'(M,L)=I(M,L;\Omega )'$$

I
′

=

I
′

(
M
,
L
)

=
I

(
M
,
L
;
Ω
)

′

of the space of conormal densities. It is shown that I is a barreled, ultrabornological, webbed, Montel, acyclic LF-space, and $$I'$$

I
′

is a complete Montel space, which is a projective limit of bornological barreled spaces. In the case of codimension one, similar properties and additional descriptions are proved for the subspace $$K\subset I$$

K
⊂
I

of conormal distributions supported in L and for its strong dual $$K'$$

K
′

. We construct a locally convex Hausdoff space J and a continuous linear map $$I\rightarrow J$$

I
→
J

such that the sequence $$0\rightarrow K\rightarrow I\rightarrow J\rightarrow 0$$

0
→
K
→
I
→
J
→
0

as well as the transpose sequence $$0\rightarrow J'\rightarrow I'\rightarrow K'\rightarrow 0$$

0
→

J
′

→

I
′

→

K
′

→
0

are short exact sequences in the category of continuous linear maps between locally convex spaces. Finally, it is shown that $$I\cap I'=C^\infty (M)$$

I
∩

I
′

=

C
∞

(
M
)

in the space of distributions. In another publication, these results are applied to prove a Lefschetz trace formula for a simple foliated flow $$\phi =\{\phi ^t\}$$

ϕ
=
{

ϕ
t

}

on a compact foliated manifold $$(M,\mathcal {F})$$

(
M
,
F
)

. It describes a Lefschetz distribution $$L_{\textrm{dis}}(\phi )$$

L
dis

(
ϕ
)

defined by the induced action $$\phi ^*=\{\phi ^{t\,*}\}$$

ϕ
∗

=

{

ϕ

t

∗

}

on the reduced cohomologies $${\bar{H}}^\bullet I(\mathcal {F})$$

H

¯

∙

I

(
F
)

and $${\bar{H}}^\bullet I'(\mathcal {F})$$

H

¯

∙

I
′

(
F
)

of the complexes of leafwise currents that are conormal and dual-conormal at the leaves preserved by $$\phi $$
ϕ
.