bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the influence of inert atmosphere packaging on the quality of salt‐fermented Indian shad
Authors: Majumdar Ranendra Kumar , Basu Subrata 
Published: November 2009

SummaryLona‐ilish, is a traditional salt‐fermented fish product, made exclusively from Hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha). The product is very susceptible to autoxidation of lipids leading to fast deterioration of its quality. The storage‐study of the product was done in nitrogen pack in two types of packs (one opaque and other transparent). Except moisture, no remarkable changes were observed in case of non‐protein nitrogen, free alpha‐amino nitrogen and total volatile basic nitrogen after 6 months of study period in case of both the packs. During the study period the initial peroxide value (PV; meq O2/kg fat) of 23.68 decreased to 10.86 in case of opaque pack, whereas, it showed a steady increase in case of transparent packs and PV reached to 68.57 after 6 months. The sensory evaluation revealed that lona‐ilish stored in opaque pouch remained acceptable up to 180 days. Whereas, in transparent pouch, the product reached to the stage of rejection on the 60th day.
Differential scanning calorimetry as a tool to detect antibiotic residues in ultra high temperature whole milk
Authors: Yildiz Özge , Unluturk Sevcan 
Published: November 2009

SummaryDetection of penicillin G, ampicillin and tetracycline in ultra high temperature whole milk was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Thermal parameters including the heat of fusion, the evaporation temperature, the heat of evaporation and the melting temperature obtained from DSC analysis were used to characterise thermal behaviour of antibiotic free milk samples and milk samples fortified with Penicillin G, Ampicillin and Tetracycline. DSC curves of these antibiotics at selected concentrations (0, 2, 4, 8 ppb for Penicillin G and Ampicillin; 0, 100, 250, 500 ppb for Tetracycline) show big endothermic peaks in the temperature range of −30 °C and 200 °C. It was concluded that the antibiotic concentration had a significant effect on the thermal parameters at a 95% confidence level. The differences between the melting temperatures and the peak areas in heat flow curves provided a basis for detection of antibiotic residues in UHT whole milk.
Characterisation and modelling of time‐independent and time‐dependent flow behaviour of sodium alginate dispersions
Authors: Roopa Bommanahalli Shivegowda , Bhattacharya Suvendu 
Published: November 2009

SummaryThe time‐independent and time‐dependent rheological behaviour of sodium alginate dispersions were determined. The concentration of sodium alginate in the dispersions and temperature of measurement were between 1% and 3%, and 25 and 55 °C, respectively. Shear‐thinning behaviour was observed for these alginate dispersions when subjected to progressively increasing shear stresses. The Cross power indices (m) were between 0.57 and 0.82. The time‐dependent studies were conducted by loop experiments at constant shear rates of 25, 125 and 625 s−1. The thixotropic loop and the different time‐dependent parameters were sensitive to the concentration of alginate and temperature of measurement. The models of Weltman, Mangelsdorf and the three‐parameter non‐linear model were suitable to predict the shear stresses at constant shear rates, as judged by root mean square error values. The coefficient of thixotropic breakdown with shearing (M) could be obtained from forward curve while it gave an indication of structural build‐up when shear rate was progressively decreased.
Impact of soaking and phytase treatments on phytic acid, calcium, iron and zinc in faba bean fractions
Authors: Luo Yuwei , Xie Weihua , Xie Chunyan , Li Yan , Gu Zhenxin 
Published: November 2009

SummaryWith the aim to maximise phytic acid removal and minimise losses of dry matter and minerals (Ca, Fe, Zn) in faba bean, fractions of faba beans (whole faba beans, dehulled faba beans, hulls) and flours, were soaked in demineralised water at 10 °C (SDW), NaAc buffer of pH 3.5 at 10 °C (SAB), and 500 U L−1 phytase of pH 5.5 at 50 °C (SPS). In whole seeds and flour, SAB removed 20–51% phytic acid from seeds, and SPS 100% from flour depending upon different preheating treatments; dry matter, Ca, Fe, and Zn losses were 1.8–18%, 20–61%, 33–61% and 8–51%. In dehulled seeds flour, phytic acid could be removed 100% by SPS treatments. In dehulled seeds and flour, losses of dry matter, Ca, Fe were 2.4–18.6%, 12–63%, 11–43%, and Zn apparent gain was 12–73% respectively. In hulls flour, SPS removed 80–82% phytic acid, and SAB 48–50% depending upon different preheating treatments; dry matter, Ca, Zn losses were 6.4–28.7%, 16–46%, 60–72%, and Fe apparent gain was 2–73%, respectively. Phytase application is an effective method to rapidly remove phytic acid while preserving relatively more dry matter and minerals than other soaking approaches in faba bean fractions.
Effect of enriched oxygen atmosphere storage on the quality of live clams (Ruditapes decussatus)
Authors: Gonçalves Amparo , Pedro Sónia , Duarte Aida , Nunes Maria Leonor 
Published: November 2009

SummaryThe purpose of the present work was to study the effect of storage in enriched oxygen atmosphere on the quality of live clams. Purified live clams were packed in 70% O2/30% N2. A control batch was prepared in which live clams were wrapped in mesh bags (stored in air). Both batches were stored at 6.1 ± 0.7 °C during 6 days. Sampling and analysis were carried out on days 0 (initial), 3 and 6 of storage. The physiological condition and quality of live clams were evaluated by corporal indices, physical/chemical indicators (pH value, glycogen levels, malondialdehyde), sensory assessment and microbial analysis. Similar physiological conditions of live clams were reported in both storage conditions. The storage under high O2 atmosphere did not promote the microbial growth. A beneficial effect of high O2 MAP storage was observed in the preservation of live clam’s quality. In particular, a significant positive effect on the typical sweet taste was observed.
Industrial processing effects on chestnut fruits (Castanea sativa Mill.). 1. Starch, fat, energy and fibre
Authors: Barbosa Mendes de Vasconcelos Maria do Carmo , Bennett Richard N. , Rosa Eduardo A. S. , Ferreira‐Cardoso Jorge V. 
Published: November 2009

SummaryThis is the first two year study with the major aim of evaluating the effects at the four sequential major stages of industrial processing (A‐fresh, B‐after storage during 3 months at ±0 °C and RH = 90%, C‐after industrial peeling by flame or fire at 800–1000 °C, D‐after freezing in a tunnel with a CO2 flow at –65 °C) on the contents of important nutrients in the fruits of four Portuguese (Judia, Longal, Martaínha and Lada) and two European (‘Spanish’–Puga do Bolo, and ‘Italian’– Viterbes) cultivars of Castanea sativa Mill. Fruits were found to contain significant contents of crude energy but low fat. In both harvest years, the interaction cultivar × processing step had the greatest influence on the starch contents while the cultivar factor had a much greater influence on the dry matter content. The fibre contents were more influenced by the processing stage for both harvests years.
A novel steamed bread making process using salt‐stressed baker’s yeast
Authors: Te Yeh Lien , Wu Mei‐Li , Charles Albert Linton , Huang Tzou‐Chi 
Published: November 2009

SummaryThe process of applying salt‐stressed baker’s yeast during southern style Chinese steamed bread dough preparation was examined. Baker’s yeast was stressed in 7% salt solution then mixed into dough, which was then evaluated for dough fermentation producing gas, dough expansion, texture profile analysis (TPA), colour, specific volume, spread ratio and sensory analysis. The results of this study pointed out salt‐stressed baker’s yeast produced significant amount of gas and dough expansion, particularly after 40 min of salt stressing. The texture of steamed bread was softer (463.08 g) than control (541.35 g) (P < 0.05), greater in specific volume (3.15 cm3 g−1) than control (2.89 cm3 g−1) (P < 0.05), had a lower spread ratio (1.45) than control (1.74) (P < 0.05) and a significantly improved sensory properties for taste (90.6) than control (81.6) (P < 0.05) were obtained.
Evaluation of the extraction efficiency for polyphenol extracts from by‐products of green kiwifruit juicing
Authors: Sun‐Waterhouse Dongxiao , Wen Ivy , Wibisono Reginald , Melton Laurence D. , Wadhwa Sandhya 
Published: November 2009

SummaryThe health benefits of fruits are attributable in part to their bioactive components such as phenolics and pectic polysaccharides. By‐products derived from kiwifruit processing can be a good source of such bioactive compounds. Extracts were produced using different concentrations of ethanol in water (0%, 30%, 50%, 74% and 96% v/v) from by‐products (skin, residue and pulp) of the green‐fleshed kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa‘Hayward’) juicing process. The amounts of phenolic compounds and uronic acid (UA) as well as the phenolic composition in each extract were determined. Results show that different by‐products contained different concentrations of phenolics and pectic polysaccharides. Based on total phenolic contents, 96% v/v ethanol appeared to be the best extraction medium. The 30% or 74% ethanolic dilution was the second best medium for phenolic extraction from skin and pulp/residue, respectively. Water was a good medium for extracting satisfactory quantities of phenolics as well as the highest concentration of pectic polysaccharides. Phenolic profiling by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to detect individual phenolic compounds in an extract. Results using HPLC showed that alkali pre‐treatment has improved the extraction efficiency of phenolics as a function of alkali concentration, fruit tissue type, extraction media, by‐product preparation method, and class of polyphenols. As a result more efficient methods for both extraction and characterisation of polyphenols could be evaluated.
Thermal inactivation of polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase in green coconut (Cocos nucifera) water
Authors: Murasaki‐Aliberti Nathalia da C. , Da Silva Rodrigo M. S. , Gut Jorge A. W. , Tadini Carmen C. 
Published: November 2009

SummaryCoconut water is an isotonic beverage naturally obtained from the green coconut. After extracted and exposed to air, it is rapidly degraded by enzymes peroxidase (POD) and polyphenoloxidase (PPO). To study the effect of thermal processing on coconut water enzymatic activity, batch process was conducted at three different temperatures, and at eight holding times. The residual activity values suggest the presence of two isoenzymes with different thermal resistances, at least, and a two‐component first‐order model was considered to model the enzymatic inactivation parameters. The decimal reduction time at 86.9 °C (D86.9 °C) determined were 6.0 s and 11.3 min for PPO heat labile and heat resistant fractions, respectively, with average z‐value = 5.6 °C (temperature difference required for tenfold change in D). For POD, D86.9 °C = 8.6 s (z = 3.4 °C) for the heat labile fraction was obtained and D86.9 °C = 26.3 min (z = 6.7 °C) for the heat resistant one.
Job strain predicts recurrent events after a first acute myocardial infarction: the Stockholm Heart Epidemiology Program
Authors: László K. D. , Ahnve S. , Hallqvist J. , Ahlbom A. , Janszky I. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract.  László KD, Ahnve S, Hallqvist J, Ahlbom A, Janszky I. (Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden). Job strain predicts recurrent events after a first acute myocardial infarction: the Stockholm Heart Epidemiology Program. J Intern Med 2010; 267:599–611.Objectives.  Studies investigating the prognostic role of job stress in coronary heart disease are sparse and have inconclusive findings. We aimed (i) to investigate whether job strain predicts recurrent events after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and if so (ii) to determine behavioural and biological factors that contribute to the explanation of this association.Design.  Prospective study.Setting.  Ten emergency hospitals in the larger Stockholm area, Sweden.Subjects.  Non‐fatal AMI cases from the Stockholm Heart Epidemiology Program case–control study who were employed and younger than 65 years at the time of their hospitalization (n = 676).Results.  During the 8.5 year follow‐up, 155 patients experienced cardiac death or non‐fatal AMI; totally 96 patients died, 52 of cardiac causes. After adjustment for potential confounders, patients with high job strain had an increased risk for the combination of cardiac death and non‐fatal AMI relative to those with low job strain, the hazard ratio (HR) and the 95% confidence interval (CI) being 1.73 (1.06–2.83). Results were similar for cardiac [HR (95% CI): 2.81 (1.16–6.82)] and total mortality [HR (95% CI): 1.65 (0.91–2.98)]. We found no evidence for mediation from lifestyle, sleep, lipids, glucose, inflammatory and coagulation markers on the association between job strain and the combination of cardiac death and non‐fatal AMI.Conclusions.  Job strain was associated with poor long‐term prognosis after a first myocardial infarction. Interventions focusing on reducing stressors at the workplace or on improving coping with work stress in cardiac patients might improve their survival post‐AMI.
Endemic and introduced haplotypes of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in Japanese amphibians: sink or source?
Authors: FISHER MATTHEW C. 
Published: November 2009

The global emergence of the amphibian chytrid pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is one of the most compelling, and troubling, examples of a panzootic. Only discovered in 1998, Bd is now recognized as a proximate driver of global declines in amphibian diversity and is now widely acknowledged as a key threatening process for this ancient class of vertebrates. Moreover, Bd has become a member of a small group of highly virulent multihost pathogens that are known to have had effects on entire vertebrate communities and the ecosystem‐level effects of Bd‐driven amphibian declines are starting to emerge as a consequence of regional decreases in amphibian diversity. Despite the speed at which this species of aquatic chytrid has become a focus of research efforts, major questions still exist about where Bd originated, how it spreads, where it occurs and what are Bd’s effects on populations and species inhabiting different regions and biomes. In this issue, Goka et al. (2009) make an important contribution by publishing the first nationwide surveillance for Bd in Asia. Although previous data had suggested that amphibians in Asia are largely uninfected by Bd, these surveys were limited in their extent and few firm conclusions could be drawn about the true extent of infection. Goka et al. herein describe a systematic surveillance of Japan for both native and exotic species in the wild, as well as amphibians housed in captivity, using a Bd‐specific nested PCR reaction on a sample of over 2600 amphibians. Their results show that Bd is widely prevalent in native species across Japan in at least three of the islands that make up the archipelago, proving for the first time that Asia harbours Bd.
The colicin Ia receptor, Cir, is also the translocator for colicin Ia
Authors: Jakes Karen S. , Finkelstein Alan 
Published: November 2009

SummaryColicin Ia, a channel‐forming bactericidal protein, uses the outer membrane protein, Cir, as its primary receptor. To kill Escherichia coli, it must cross this membrane. The crystal structure of Ia receptor‐binding domain bound to Cir, a 22‐stranded plugged β‐barrel protein, suggests that the plug does not move. Therefore, another pathway is needed for the colicin to cross the outer membrane, but no ‘second receptor’ has ever been identified for TonB‐dependent colicins, such as Ia. We show that if the receptor‐binding domain of colicin Ia is replaced by that of colicin E3, this chimera effectively kills cells, provided they have the E3 receptor (BtuB), Cir, and TonB. This is consistent with wild‐type Ia using one Cir as its primary receptor (BtuB in the chimera) and a second Cir as the translocation pathway for its N‐terminal translocation (T) domain and its channel‐forming C‐terminal domain. Deletion of colicin Ia's receptor‐binding domain results in a protein that kills E. coli, albeit less effectively, provided they have Cir and TonB. We show that purified T domain competes with Ia and protects E. coli from being killed by it. Thus, in addition to binding to colicin Ia's receptor‐binding domain, Cir also binds weakly to its translocation domain.
C‐ring requirement in flagellar type III secretion is bypassed by FlhDC upregulation
Authors: Erhardt Marc , Hughes Kelly T. 
Published: November 2009

SummaryThe cytoplasmic C‐ring of the flagellum consists of FliG, FliM and FliN and acts as an affinity cup to localize secretion substrates for protein translocation via the flagellar‐specific type III secretion system. Random T‐POP transposon mutagenesis was employed to screen for insertion mutants that allowed flagellar type III secretion in the absence of the C‐ring using the flagellar type III secretion system‐specific hook–β‐lactamase reporter (Lee and Hughes, 2006). Any condition resulting in at least a twofold increase in flhDC expression was sufficient to overcome the requirement for the C‐ring and the ATPase complex FliHIJ in flagellar type III secretion. Insertions in known and unknown flagellar regulatory loci were isolated as well as chromosomal duplications of the flhDC region. The twofold increased flhDC mRNA level coincided in a twofold increase in the number of hook‐basal bodies per cell as analysed by fluorescent microscopy. These results indicate that the C‐ring functions as a nonessential affinity cup‐like structure during flagellar type III secretion to enhance the specificity and efficiency of the secretion process.
Ichthyosis hystrix Curth–Macklin type in an African girl
Authors: Yusuf S. M. , Mijinyawa M. S. , Maiyaki M. B. , Mohammed A. Z. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIchthyosis hystrix Curth–Macklin type is a rare autosomal dominant skin disorder characterized by extensive hyperkeratosis and palmo‐plantar keratoderma. It results from heterozygous frameshift mutation in keratin 1 gene (KRT1). Histological features, showing perinuclear vacuolization and binucleated cells, are similar to those of epidermolytic hyperkeratosis except for the absence of epidermolysis. The present report describes the condition in a 16‐year‐old African girl where available treatment was disappointing.
Impact of a sun protection campaign in Medellín (Colombia)
Authors: Sanclemente Gloria , Díaz Abel 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjective  To evaluate the impact of an educational massive sun protection campaign.Methods  Two telephone surveys were performed to 707 participants, on knowledge about the hours of greater solar intensity, UV protection devices, the ultraviolet index, and the history of skin cancer. Between the first and the second survey, a massive sun protection campaign was carried out. A sun protection brochure was also sent to each participant.Results  In the first survey (S1) a total of 707 individuals were interviewed, while in the second one (S2), the effectiveness of the calls decreased to 374 people. Nevertheless, we found significant differences between the first and the second survey (χ2 = 12.3, P = 0.006). Overall, a significant increment in sun protection knowledge was acquired, but the use of sun‐block remained stable. The knowledge about what the UVI means was increased significantly from S1 to S2. The best communication means to increase the overall knowledge about the sun and its effects were the brochure and TV.Discussion and conclusions  We should encourage massive sun protection. The role of women in the transmission of these messages to their children or family nucleus is essential. Also, we should encourage the elaboration of brochures and an appropriate television use for health messages. Dermatologists must have a role in controlling skin topics presented on television to avoid erroneous messages or inadequate attitudes.
Toward a better understanding of “psychocutaneous disorders”
Authors: Elpern David J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThere is a group of cutaneous disorders for which we have an inadequate understanding of their etiology and which frustrates us as therapists. This includes conditions such as the dynias, neurotic excoriations, postherpetic neuralgia, prurigo nodularis, and others. Herein, we review a recent article in the New Yorker magazine which postulates a new way to look at these puzzling entities.
Long‐term efalizumab therapy for patients with moderate‐to‐severe, chronic plaque psoriasis: results from an Australian expanded access program
Authors: Foley Peter , Freeman Michael , Gebauer Kurt , Murrell Dedee , Shumack Stephen , Tyson Christopher , Varigos George 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackground  Psoriasis is a chronic skin disease that can impact heavily on a patient’s well‐being. Efalizumab, a unique, targeted, biological therapy, has demonstrated efficacy in treating moderate‐to‐severe, chronic plaque psoriasis with ≤36 months of continuous therapy. The objective of this Extended Access Program (EAP) was to evaluate further the benefit of efalizumab as long‐term therapy in a real‐world clinical setting.Methods  After an initial conditioning dose of efalizumab (0.7 mg/kg subcutaneously), a weekly dose of efalizumab (1.0 mg/kg) was administered for ≤21 months. Patients with reduced Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) scores (≥50%, or a score ≤8) at month 3 entered the long‐term maintenance treatment period.Results  In total, 101 patients (>18 years) with severe plaque psoriasis enrolled on the EAP, of these 93 (92.1%) met all the inclusion criteria. After 3 months of treatment, 84/101 (83.2%) patients had evaluable data and entered the maintenance period. After 3 months, 57/84 (67.9%) patients had achieved PASI‐50. Using an intent‐to‐treat analysis, after 21 months of treatment, PASI‐75 and PASI‐50 were achieved by 43/101 (42.6%) and 69/101 (68.3%) of patients, respectively. Efalizumab was generally well tolerated during the 21 months of continuous therapy.Conclusion  Efalizumab, 1.0 mg/kg/week, is effective and well tolerated in a ‘real world’ clinical setting, providing enduring reduction of psoriasis symptoms for up to 21 months.
Children with frequent infections: A proposal for a stepwise assessment and investigation of the immune system
Authors: Cassimos Dimitrios C. , Liatsis Manolis , Stogiannidou Anastasia , Kanariou Maria G. 
Published: November 2009

Cassimos DC, Liatsis M, Stogiannidou A, Kanariou MG. Children with frequent infections: A proposal for a stepwise assessment and investigation of the immune system. ‘The immune defense to foreign invaders’ Symphony. Which instrument is out of tune? Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2010: 21: 463–473. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/SAlthough many children develop frequent infections, only a few have an underlying immune disorder. Children with dysfunction of the immune system develop frequent infections and/or recurrent, persistent, severe, and rare infections. The aim of this review is to provide to the clinician a valuable tool for recognizing any ‘discords’ of the ‘immune‐system symphonic orchestra’. By following a reverse route, it will be possible to brighten up the dark and winding road of immunodeficiencies and identify the exact point of immune dysfunction. This is fundamental and crucial to perceive etiologic management and subsequently achieve the best for these young patients and their families.