bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controlling motion sickness and spatial disorientation and enhancing vestibular rehabilitation with a user‐worn see‐through display
Authors: Krueger Wesley W.O. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypotheses:An eyewear mounted visual display (“User‐worn see‐through display”) projecting an artificial horizon aligned with the user's head and body position in space can prevent or lessen motion sickness in susceptible individuals when in a motion provocative environment as well as aid patients undergoing vestibular rehabilitation. In this project, a wearable display device, including software technology and hardware, was developed and a phase I feasibility study and phase II clinical trial for safety and efficacy were performed.Study Design:Both phase I and phase II were prospective studies funded by the NIH. The phase II study used repeated measures for motion intolerant subjects and a randomized control group (display device/no display device) pre–posttest design for patients in vestibular rehabilitation.Methods:Following technology and display device development, 75 patients were evaluated by test and rating scales in the phase II study; 25 subjects with motion intolerance used the technology in the display device in provocative environments and completed subjective rating scales, whereas 50 patients were evaluated before and after vestibular rehabilitation (25 using the display device and 25 in a control group) using established test measures.Results:All patients with motion intolerance rated the technology as helpful for nine symptoms assessed, and 96% rated the display device as simple and easy to use. Duration of symptoms significantly decreased with use of the technology displayed. In patients undergoing vestibular rehabilitation, there were no significant differences in amount of change from pre‐ to posttherapy on objective balance tests between display device users and controls. However, those using the technology required significantly fewer rehabilitation sessions to achieve those outcomes than the control group.Conclusions:A user‐worn see‐through display, utilizing a visual fixation target coupled with a stable artificial horizon and aligned with user movement, has demonstrated substantial benefit for individuals susceptible to motion intolerance and spatial disorientation and those undergoing vestibular rehabilitation. The technology developed has applications in any environment where motion sensitivity affects human performance. Laryngoscope, 121:S17–S35, 2011
Inhomogeneity Effects in Vapor Phase Polymerized PEDOT: A Tool to Influence Conductivity
Authors: Winther‐Jensen Bjørn , Knecht Tobias , Ong Chun , Vongsvivut Jitraporn , Clark Noel 
Published: December 2010

AbstractLow‐MW urethanes were investigated to control domain formation as well as inhibiting cleavage reactions during vapor phase polymerization of PEDOT. A diurethanediol (DUDO) was identified as a highly efficient mediator for the process, resulting in PEDOT films exceeding conductivities of 1 000 S · cm−1. All the urethanes investigated had the desired inhibiting effect on the polymerization, but all apart from DUDO also introduced unwanted domain formation on the micrometer scale. The addition of PEG generally improved conductivity by suppressing the domain formation and, with an optimized combination of DUDO and PEG, conductivities over 1 200 S · cm−1 were achieved.
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Precise Positioning of Chiral Building Blocks in Monodisperse, Sequence‐Defined Polyamides
Authors: Mosca Simone , Wojcik Felix , Hartmann Laura 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe synthesis of monodisperse polymers with a defined monomer sequence is a new challenge in polymer chemistry. Recently, we introduced a novel synthetic strategy towards monodisperse, sequence‐defined poly(amidoamine)s based on the stepwise assembly of diamine and diacid building blocks on a solid support. Here we introduce the first chiral building block suitable for the automated poly(amidoamine) synthesis. The synthetic strategy utilizes natural amino acids as starting materials, thus providing a variety of chiral building blocks with different functionalities in the side chain. As a first chiral monomer, L‐alanine is transformed into a mono Fmoc‐protected diamine building block and successfully introduced into poly(amide) segments.
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Mass spectrometry for small molecule pharmaceutical product development: A review
Authors: Gillespie Todd A. , Winger Brian E. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractDeveloping a pharmaceutical product has become increasingly difficult and expensive. With an emphasis on developing project knowledge at an earlier stage in development, the use of information‐rich technologies (particularly MS) has continued to expand throughout product development. Continued improvements in LC/MS technology have widened the scope of utilizing MS methods for performing both qualitative and quantitative applications within product development. This review describes a multi‐tiered MS strategy designed to enhance and accelerate the identification and profiling of both process‐ and degradation‐related impurities in either the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) or formulated product. Such impurities can be formed either during chemical synthesis, formulation, or during storage. This review provides an overview of a variety of orthogonal‐mass spectrometric methodologies, namely GC/MS, LC/MS, and ICP‐MS, in support of product development. This review is not meant to be all inclusive; however, it has been written to highlight the increasing use of hyphenated MS techniques within the pharmaceutical development area. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 30:479–490, 2011
Traffic grooming in bidirectional WDM ring networks
Authors: Bermond Jean‐Claude , Muñoz Xavier , Sau Ignasi 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe study the minimization of ADMs (Add‐Drop Multiplexers) in optical WDM bidirectional rings considering symmetric shortest path routing and all‐to‐all unitary requests. We precisely formulate the problem in terms of graph decompositions, and state a general lower bound for all the values of the grooming factorCandN, the size of the ring. We first study exhaustively the casesC= 1,C= 2, andC= 3, providing improved lower bounds, optimal constructions for several infinite families, as well as asymptotically optimal constructions and approximations. We then study the caseC> 3, focusing specifically on the caseC=k(k+ 1)/2 for somek≥ 1. We give optimal decompositions for several congruence classes ofNusing the existence of some combinatorial designs. We conclude with a comparison of the cost functions in unidirectional and bidirectional WDM rings. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 58(1), 20–35 2011
Great vessel/cardiac extension and tumor embolism in pleuropulmonary blastoma: A report from the International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma Registry
Authors: Priest John R. , Andic Dijana , Arbuckle Susan , Gonzalez‐Gomez Ignacio , Hill D. Ashley , Williams Gretchen 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackgroundTypes II and III pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) are aggressive sarcomas of lung and pleura in young children. Similar to cavoatrial extension of Wilms tumor, PPB may extend into thoracic great vessels and the heart and may involve both venous and arterial circulations and right and left cardiac chambers. Serious embolic complications occur.ProcedureReview International PPB Registry databases and literature (1) for PPB cases with vascular/cardiac extension and (2) for neoadjuvant chemotherapy results in vascular extension cases.ResultsAmong 179 Registry‐confirmed and approximately 200 literature Type II and III PPB cases, 11 examples (approximately 3%) of great vessel/cardiac extension were identified; 1 case is presented in detail. Nine cases involved the left circulation, one the right and one both. Various radiographic techniques including echography, computed tomography and gated magnetic resonance imaging identified vascular tumor. Seven children had arterial embolic events: cerebrovascular accidents (six, including one femoral artery occlusion) and acute aortic occlusion (1). Six of these seven died from complications that may be attributed to vascular involvement. In three of four children with vascular involvement, neoadjuvant chemotherapy lessened the involvement; in one the effect could not be assessed. None of these four had embolic events. Effect on survival could not be assessed due to small numbers.ConclusionsInvolvement of thoracic great vessels and the heart is a serious complication of PPB, with fatal embolic complications possible. Radiographic evaluation of the central circulation should be performed in children with suspected or diagnosed PPB to identify this complication. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56:604–609. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Participation in daily activities and quality of life in survivors of retinoblastoma
Authors: Weintraub Naomi , Rot Ido , Shoshani Naomi , Pe'er Jacob , Weintraub Michael 
Published: December 2010

AbstractPurposeTo assess the participation and health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) of survivors of childhood retinoblastoma (RB).Patients and MethodsParents of 46 survivors of childhood RB between the ages of 2–18 were administered questionnaires relating to their children's participation (CFFS) and HRQOL (CHQ and PedsQL) and children were administered the PedsQL. Results of the HRQOL were compared to population‐based norms.ResultsThe overall QOL of survivors of RB was similar to that of age norms. However, parents' rating of their children's general and emotional health was lower than that of age norms, and survivors reported lower QOL related to school. Survivors of bilateral RB participated less in daily activities and had lower emotional QOL compared to those with unilateral RB, and parents of children who had an eye enucleated reported that their children had lower self‐esteem. The level of participation was related to the perceived QOL.ConclusionOur results indicate that children who are survivors of RB have an overall QOL that is similar to their age‐peers. However, subgroups of survivors appear to have unique difficulties that require continued follow‐up and intervention. Focus should be placed on their participation in daily activities both in the community and at school. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56:590–594. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Health‐related quality of life after completion of successful treatment for childhood cancer
Authors: Engelen V. , Koopman H.M. , Detmar S.B. , Raat H. , van de Wetering M.D. , Brons P. , Anninga J.K. , Abbink F. , Grootenhuis M.A. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have assessed health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) during several treatment stages in children with cancer, but there is limited knowledge about HRQOL shortly after completing therapy. This study determined HRQOL of children with cancer shortly after the end of successful treatment compared with normative values.ProcedureSeveral age‐specific HRQOL questionnaires were administered: the ITQOL (generic, proxy‐report, 0–4 years), CHQ PF 50 (generic, proxy‐report, 5–7 years), Kidscreen (generic, self‐report, 8–18 years) and Disabkids (chronic generic, self‐report, 8–18 years).ResultsChildren with cancer (N = 191, mean age 9.25, SD 5.06, 47.1% female) participated. Physical well‐being was affected for all ages. Compared to normative values 0‐ to 7‐year‐olds were rated significantly lower on the majority of the scales. In addition, 12‐ to 18‐year‐olds had significantly better HRQOL than the norm on social scales. Compared to chronically ill norms, 8‐ to 18‐year‐olds demonstrated no differences, except for 12‐ to 18‐year‐olds who experienced significantly more physical limitations. Additionally, we found that HRQOL of parents of 0‐ to 7‐year‐olds was poorer than the norm.ConclusionHRQOL in children with cancer and their parents can be impaired compared with the norm. Therefore, HRQOL should be monitored in clinical practice to make paediatric oncologists aware of these problems. For young children, we recommend checking whether certain HRQOL problems can be explained by parental worries. For older children and adolescents, paediatric oncologists need to consider social desirability and the child's adaptive style. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56:646–653. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Magnetic resonance imaging in childhood leukemia survivors treated with cranial radiotherapy: A cross sectional, single center study
Authors: Faraci Maura , Morana Giovanni , Bagnasco Francesca , Barra Salvina , Polo Paola , Hanau Guia , Fioredda Francesca , Caruso Silvia , Rossi Andrea , Spaziante Renato , Haupt Riccardo 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackgroundChildren treated with cranial radiotherapy (CRT) for leukemia are at risk of developing central nervous system injuries. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) represents the examination method of choice for evaluating radiation‐induced brain complications. The purpose of this report is to describe the spectrum of MRI abnormalities detected in a group of survivors of leukemia treated with cranial irradiation.ProceduresIn this cross‐sectional, single center study, 56 patients (median age at follow‐up 19 years) receiving CRT as cranial prophylaxis (CP) included in the leukemia protocol (total dose 1,800–2,400 cGy) and/or in the total body irradiation regimen (990–1,200 cGy) before hematopoietic stem cell transplant, were evaluated by MRI after a median interval of 11 years (range 2–27) following CRT.ResultsFifty‐nine MRI abnormalities (32 cavernomas, nine focal areas of gliosis, seven dystrophic mineralizations, five cerebral atrophies, four pituitary atrophies, one diffuse radiation leukoencephalopathy, and one meningioma) were found in 43 patients. The longest interval between CRT and MRI and oldest age at follow‐up represented the two risk factors that were statistically associated with MRI lesions (P = 0.032 and 0.033, respectively). Cerebral cavernomas (CC) were the most frequent MRI abnormalities (57%). All patients with CC were asymptomatic at diagnosis and during follow‐up, except one who had aspecific neurological manifestations and micro hemorrhages.ConclusionsThese results confirm that total doses and modalities of fractionation dose of CRT were not significantly associated with MRI abnormalities. Moreover, in our experience none of the patients developed neurological symptoms related to MRI abnormalities, and furthermore, the CC remained substantially stable during follow‐up. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57: 240–246. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quality of health in survivors of childhood acute myeloid leukemia treated with chemotherapy only: A NOPHO‐AML study
Authors: Molgaard‐Hansen Lene , Glosli Heidi , Jahnukainen Kirsi , Jarfelt Marianne , Jónmundsson Guðmundur K. , Malmros‐Svennilson Johan , Nysom Karsten , Hasle Henrik ,   On behalf of the Nordic Society of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology (NOPHO)
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackgroundMore than 60% of children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) become long‐term survivors, and approximately 50% are cured with chemotherapy only. Limited data exist about their long‐term morbidity and social outcomes. The aim of the study was to compare the self‐reported use of health care services, health experience, social outcomes, and lifestyle behavior of AML survivors with that of their sibling controls.MethodsThis population‐based study included 138 children treated for AML according to the Nordic Society of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology (NOPHO)‐AML‐84, ‐88, and ‐93 trials, and alive by June 30, 2007. Patients treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) or relapse were not included. Altogether, 102 (74%) survivors and 91% of their siblings completed a questionnaire.ResultsThe median follow‐up was 11 (range 4–25) years after diagnosis. AML survivors had no increased rate of hospitalization compared with sibling controls, but were more often receiving prescription drugs, especially for asthma (23% vs. 9%, P = 0.03). Self‐reported health experience was excellent or very good in 77% and comparable with that of siblings. Educational achievement, employment, and marital status were comparable in the two groups. Among surviving AML patients, 23% were current smokers and 24% of their siblings were current smokers.ConclusionsThe self‐reported health of children treated on NOPHO‐AML protocols without HSCT was good, and their use of health care services was limited. Reported health and social outcomes were comparable to those of their siblings. Many survivors were smoking which may increase the risk of late effects. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57: 1222–1229. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Computation of the coherence time of quantum‐dot microcavity lasers including photon–carrier and photon–photon correlations
Authors: Wiersig Jan 
Published: December 2010

AbstractMicrocavity lasers with semiconductor quantum dots as active material have attracted considerable attention recently. We present a theoretical study of the first‐order coherence of such novel light sources. The correlation function $g^{(1)} ({\tau} )$ and the corresponding coherence time are computed including photon–carrier and photon–photon correlations with respect to the delay time τ up to the quadruplet level of the cluster expansion scheme. A comparison of the different levels of the cluster expansion is provided.
Terahertz nonlinear optics using intra‐excitonic quantum well transitions: Sideband generation and AC Stark splitting
Authors: Wagner Martin , Schneider Harald , Stehr Dominik , Winnerl Stephan , Andrews Aaron M. , Schartner Stephan , Strasser Gottfried , Helm Manfred 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe present experiments investigating nonlinear optics in the terahertz (THz) range related to the 1s–2p intra‐excitonic heavy‐hole transition in GaAs/AlGaAs multiquantum wells (MQWs). Driven by intense THz fields of the Dresden free‐electron laser the system exhibits two different phenomena: (i) we observe efficient near‐infrared (NIR) sideband generation as a perturbative effect in the transmission of a narrowband NIR laser, and (ii) we present unambiguous evidence for the intra‐excitonic Autler–Townes splitting, a non‐perturbative effect.
Non‐equilibrium analysis of the two‐color operation in semiconductor quantum‐well lasers
Authors: Bäumner Ada , Koch Stephan W. , Moloney Jerome V. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe relevance of hole burning for stable two‐color operation in semiconductor quantum‐well lasers is studied using a non‐equilibrium laser model on the basis of the semiconductor Maxwell‐Bloch equations. The field propagation is described via a traveling‐wave method. The polarization dynamics is computed using the semiconductor Bloch equations for the microscopic transition and occupation probabilities. Numerical examples for single‐ and dual‐mode operation are presented for a microresonator model system.
Self‐induced coherence in a single pair of quantum dots
Authors: Sitek Anna , Machnikowski Paweł 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe study self‐induced coherence (SIC) in a system composed of two coupled quantum dots (QDs). SIC consists in a coherent transfer of excitation between two systems (atoms or QDs) resulting from their collective interaction with the quantum electromagnetic vacuum. This leads to population trapping in a delocalized, optically inactive state. We focus on the effect of a difference in transition energies and coupling between the two emitters on the evolution of exciton occupation in the two QD system.
Progress in growth, fabrication, and characterization of semiconductor photonic crystal nanocavities
Authors: Richards B. C. , Hendrickson J. , Olitzky J. D. , Gibson R. , Gehl M. , Kieu K. , Polynkin P. , Khitrova G. , Gibbs H. M. , Khankhoje U. K. , Homyk A. , Scherer A. , Kim J.‐Y. , Lee Y.‐H. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe present the results of recent investigations into the fabrication and characterization of high‐Q, small mode volume one‐dimensional photonic crystal nanobeam cavities in Si and two‐dimensional photonic crystal slab nanocavities in GaAs. The nanobeam cavity modes are investigated in transmission by means of a microfiber taper loop apparatus. The spectral transmission profile of the cavity modes is investigated as a function of input polarization into the fiber. The Q of the cavity for different positions and orientations of the fiber taper is investigated. The results are compared to measurements by resonant scattering. The slab nanocavities are investigated by means of quantum dot photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy. We present recent progress in growth and fabrication of such slab nanocavities.
Role of carbon content in tuning the physical quantities of a‐Si1‐xCx:H alloys deposited by PECVD
Authors: Ambrosone G. , Basa D.K. , Coscia U. , Le Donne A. , Binetti S. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSilicon rich hydrogenated amorphous silicon‐carbon alloy films were deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition in low power regime from silane methane mixtures diluted in helium by varying the methane fraction between 0.4 and 0.8. Films with carbon content ranging from 0.06 to 0.28 were obtained with a deposition rate of about 0.1 nm/s. The influence of carbon incorporation on the optical properties as well as disorder and defect density of the films has been investigated. The increase in carbon content leads to a decrease of the refractive index and an increase of the optical gap and disorder in the films. The defect density also increases with increasing carbon content, however lower values than those of films deposited by undiluted silane methane mixtures have been obtained for a carbon content greater than 0.1. Finally, the enhancement of carbon content causes the shift of peak position as well as the increase in the intensity and the width of the photoluminescence spectra (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Heterojunction solar cells on multi‐ crystalline silicon: surface treatments
Authors: Tucci Mario , Serenelli Luca , De Iuliis Simona , Izzi Massimo , Summonte Caterina , Canino Marica , Allegrezza Marco , Rosa Marta , De Cesare Giampiero , Caputo Domenico 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn this work we present the results we obtained by processing 1 Ωcm p and n‐type, multi‐crystalline silicon wafers when a double hydrogenated amorphous/crystalline silicon heterojunction is applied to sandwich the substrate, at the sunward surface to form the emitter and at the rear side to act as back surface field. We have investigated the role of the multi‐crystalline silicon surface conditioning, on the base of illuminated and dark current‐voltage characteristic, quantum efficiency measurements, and overall photovoltaic solar cell performance. In particular, a comparison between an acidic isotexturing and a chemical polishing treatment is presented and discussed in detail. We have found that the morphology of the multi‐crystalline silicon surface plays a tough role in the a‐Si:H properties when used as surface passivating layer. The commercial acidic surface treatment, commonly used in diffused junction mc‐Si solar cell fabrication, requires a level of passivation which is not easily achievable using the very thin a‐Si:H film, needed in heterojunction technology. The deposition of a uniform thickness over a whole textured silicon surface of a thin amorphous layers still requires further investigation and improvement. Nevertheless the high Voc obtained on p‐type doped mc‐Si (625 mV) remarks the effectiveness of a‐Si:H/mc‐Si technology in achieving high photovoltaic efficiency using low thermal budget manufacturing process. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)