bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Choreographing emotional facial expressions
Authors: Sloan Robin J.S. , Robinson Brian , Scott‐Brown Ken , Moore Fhionna , Cook Malcolm 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWhile much is known about the appearance and human perception of emotional facial expressions, researchers and professionals experience difficulties when attempting to create believable animated characters. Methods for automating or capturing dynamic facial expressions have come on in leaps and bounds in recent years, resulting in increasingly realistic characters. However, accurate replication of naturalistic movement does not necessarily ensure authentic character performance. In this paper, the authors present a project which makes use of creative animation practices and artistic reflection as methods of research. The output of animation practice is tested experimentally by measuring observer perception and comparing the results with artistic observations and predictions. Ultimately, the authors aim to demonstrate that animation practice can generate new knowledge about dynamic character performance, and that arts‐based methods can and should be considered valuable tools in a field often dominated by technical methods of research. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Contribution of the Bees and Combs to Honey Volatiles: Blank‐Trial Probe for Chemical Profiling of Honey Biodiversity
Authors: Jerković Igor , Marijanović Zvonimir , Ljubičić I. , Gugić M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis research is focused on the immediate contribution of the bees and combs to honey volatiles in order to exclude these compounds as botanical‐origin biomarkers for honey authentification. Therefore, the bees were closed in a hive containing empty combs under controlled food‐flow conditions (saccharose solution). The obtained ‘saccharose honey’ probe samples were subjected to ultrasonic solvent extraction (USE), followed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry analyses (GC and GC/MS). A total of 66 compounds were identified. Higher alcohols made up ca. 50% of the total volatiles, mainly (Z)‐octadec‐9‐en‐1‐ol, hexadecan‐1‐ol, and octadecan‐1‐ol, with minor percentages of undecan‐1‐ol, dodecan‐1‐ol, tetradecan‐1‐ol, pentadecan‐1‐ol, and heptadecan‐1‐ol. Other abundant compounds were saturated long‐chain linear hydrocarbons, C10–C25, C27, and C28, particularly C23, C25, and C27). Identified chemical structures were related to the composition of combs and cuticular waxes, and less to the bee pheromones. In addition, the impact of two‐hour heat treatment at 80° and one‐year storage at room temperature on the same probe was investigated in order to identify thermal and storage artefacts. These findings can be considered as blank‐trial probe (no plant source) for honey chemical profiling and identification of reliable botanical origin biomarkers.
Composition and Biological Properties of the Volatile Oil of Artemisia gorgonumWebb
Authors: Ortet Risoleta , Thomas Olivier P. , Regalado Erik L. , Pino Jorge A. , Filippi Jean‐Jacques , Fernández Miguel D. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe chemical composition of Artemisia gorgonum Webb essential oil from Cape Verde was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. A total of 111 volatile compounds, accounting for 94.9% of the essential oil, were identified by GC and GC/MS. The major compounds were camphor (28.7%), chrysanthenone (10.8%), lavandulyl 2‐methylbutanoate (9.5%), α‐phellandrene (5.5%), lavandulyl propanoate (4.2%), camphene (4.0%), and p‐cymene (3.4%). The volatile oil of this endemic plant, which is used in Cape Verdean folk medicine against several ailments, was tested for its antioxidant and antimalarial properties, and was found to exhibit free‐radical scavenging on 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), prevention of lipid peroxidation–in vitro by TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive species) assay, and antiplasmodial activity.
Influence of the Continental Climatic Conditions on the Essential‐Oil Composition of Salvia brachyodonVandas Transferred from Adriatic Coast
Authors: Vidic Danijela , Maksimović Milka , Ćavar Sanja , Siljak‐Yakovlev Sonja 
Published: May 2010

AbstractEssential‐oil profile of Salvia brachyodon Vandas, an endemic Dinaric species transferred from Adriatic Coast to the continental climatic conditions, was determined. Hydrodistilled oils obtained from the plant material collected in three‐year field trial were subjected to the detailed GC/MS analysis. Hundred and fifty volatile compounds were identified in four samples. Comparison of the chemical composition of the isolated essential oils showed that population collected one year after transfer preserved sesquiterpene character of its oil (74.3%), while all subsequent samples gave the oils of monoterpene type with 1,8‐cineole as the principal constituent (22.2–42.3%). The high degree of variation in the qualitative and quantitative composition of the volatile constituents revealed the strong influence of environmental conditions on the nature of plant chemical composition that has an important role in a plant adaptation.
Comparative Analysis of Essential Oils of Six Anthemis Taxa from Serbia and Montenegro
Authors: Pavlović Milica , Lakušić Dmitar , Kovačević Nada , Tzakou Olga , Couladis Maria 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe essential‐oil composition of six Anthemis taxa from several populations in Serbia and Montenegro, Anthemis triumfetti (L.) DC., A. tinctoria L., A. austriaca Jacq., A. ruthenica Bieb., A. cotula L., and A. cretica ssp. carpatica (Willd.) Grierson were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The main constituents have been identified as follows: camphor (13.8–15.4%), α‐pinene (5.2–9.3%), β‐pinene (4.9–7.8%), and (E)‐caryophyllene (7.3–9.8%) in three populations, and cis‐chrysanthenol (27.0%) and 1,8‐cineole (8.4%) in one population of A. triumfetti; 1,8‐cineole (9.0–25.8%) in the oils of five populations, and borneol (16.0%) and spatulenol (16.0%) in the oil of one population of A. tinctoria; cis‐chrysanthenyl acetate (17.5–22.0%), β‐pinene (8.6–13.2%), and 1,8‐cineole (7.2–10.4%) in the oils of A. austriaca; germacrene D (8.3–11.3%) and terpinen‐4‐ol (6.3–7.3%) in A. ruthenica oils; β‐cedrene (10.3–19.0%), (E)‐β‐farnesene (7.8–13.5%), and germacrene D (5.2–9.1%) in the oils of A. cotula; cis‐thujone (39.0%), trans‐thujone (13.5%), and yomogi alcohol (7.1%) in the oil of A. cretica ssp. carpatica. The essential oil of A. austriaca was studied for the first time. A cluster analysis based on the relative percentages of all components of the essential oils was used to determine the distances between taxa and populations.
Four New Sesquiterpenes from Curcuma wenyujin and Their Inhibitory Effects on Nitric‐Oxide Production
Authors: Lou Yan , Zhao Feng , He Hao , Peng Kai‐Feng , Chen Li‐Xia , Qiu Feng 
Published: May 2010

AbstractFour new sesquiterpenes including the novel sesquiterpene lactone (6R)‐dehydroxysipanolinolide (1), two new eudesmane‐type sesquiterpenes, curcolide (2) and curcodione (3), and a new xanthane‐type sesquiterpene, curcumadionol (4), were isolated from Curcuma wenyujin Y. H. Chen et C. Ling, together with five known ones, 5–9. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. The inhibitory effects of compounds 1–9 on nitric‐oxide production in lipopolysaccaride‐activated macrophages were evaluated.
Chemopreventive Properties of Phytosterols and Maslinic Acid Extracted from Coleus tuberosus in Inhibiting the Expression of EBV Early‐Antigen in Raji Cells
Authors: Mooi Lim Yang , Wahab Norhanom Abdul , Lajis Nordin Haji , Ali Abdul Manaf 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBioassay‐guided fractionation of a MeOH extract of tubers of Coleus tuberosus afforded the active anti‐tumor‐promoting compounds identified as the triterpenoid 2α,3β‐dihydroxyolean‐12‐en‐28‐oic acid (maslinic acid; CT2) and a phytosterol mixture (CT1). CT1 consists of stigmasterol (32%), β‐sitosterol (40.3%), and campesterol (27.7%) as determined by capillary gas chromatography. CT1 and CT2 showed very strong anti‐tumor‐promoting activities at IC50 0.7 μg/ml and 0.1 μg/ml, respectively, in a convenient, short‐term in vitro assay, i.e., the inhibition of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) activation induced by phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA) and sodium butyrate. We report for the first time the anti‐tumor‐promoting activity of 2α,3β‐dihydroxyolean‐12‐en‐28‐oic acid and show that a mixture of stigmasterol, β‐sitosterol, and campesterol is more potent than the individual components in inhibiting tumor‐promoting activity.
Leaf Essential Oil of Juniperus oxycedrus L. (Cupressaceae) Harvested in Northern Tunisia: Composition and Intra‐Specific Variability
Authors: Medini Hanen , Elaissi Ameur , Khouja Mohamed L. , Chraief Imed , Farhat Farhat , Hammami Mohamed , Chemli Rachid , Harzallah‐Skhiri Fethia 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe essential oil composition of leaves of 60 individual trees of Juniperus oxycedrus L. growing in four locations in Tunisia harvested in three different seasons were investigated by GC and GC/MS. Seventy compounds were identified in the oils, and a relatively high variation in their contents were found. All the oils were dominated by terpenic hydrocarbons, with α‐pinene (27.35–58.03%) as the main component, followed by geranyl acetone (13; 1.96–7.14%), 13‐epimanoyl oxide (16; 1.35–6.95%), and eudesma‐4(15),7‐dien‐1‐ol (11; 1.39–4.18%). The 18 major oil components were processed by hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis (PCA) allowing to establish four groups, one divided into two subgroups, of populations according to the location and season of harvest. Their oils were differentiated by one compound or more, showing a clear seasonal and geographical polymorphism in their chemical composition allowing the identification of specific chemotypes. The pattern of geographic variation in the essential oil composition indicated that the oils of the populations from the continental site (Makthar) were clearly distinguished from those of the littoral localities (Tabarka, Hawaria, and Rimel).
Variation of the Chemical Composition of Essential Oils in Tunisian Populations of Thymus algeriensisBoiss. et Reut. (Lamiaceae) and Implication for Conservation
Authors: ElHadj Ali Imen Ben , Zaouali Yosr , Bejaoui Afef , Boussaid Mohamed 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe variation of the essential‐oil composition among 14 Tunisian natural populations of Thymus algeriensis Boiss. et Reut. (=Thymus hirtus Willd. ssp. algeriensis Boiss. et Reut.) was assessed by GC (RI) and GC/MS. The populations were collected from different geographical regions belonging to the sub‐humid, upper semi‐arid, mean semi‐arid, lower semi‐arid, and upper‐arid bioclimates. A total of 47 constituents, representing 81.0 to 96.5% of the total oil, were identified. The main volatiles at the species level were 1,8‐cineole (17.7%), α‐pinene (15.5%), and camphor (8.2%). A high variation among populations for the majority of the compounds was shown. Camphor (0.2–14.0%), linalool (0.2–22.4%), borneol (<0.01–24.3%), caryophyllene oxide (<0.01–18.8%), thymol (<0.01–54.9%), γ‐terpinene (0.4–6.5%), α‐copaene (0.4–7.6%), linalyl acetate (<0.01–6.4%), and methyl eugenol (<0.01–6.9%) were the main constituents differentiating the populations. The chemical differentiation among populations, assessed by principal component analysis (PCA) and a UPGMA (unweighted pair‐group method with averaging) cluster analysis performed on all populations and compounds, was high. Six chemotypes according to the main compounds have been distinguished, i.e., caryophyllene oxide/1,8‐cineole/α‐pinene, 1,8‐cineole/α‐pinene, 1,8‐cineole/α‐pinene/camphor, borneol/1,8‐cineole/α‐pinene, linalool, and thymol chemotypes. The spatial chemotype distribution was linked to the geographic distance among populations rather than to bioclimates, indicating that local selective environmental factors act on the chemotype diversity.The high chemical variation among populations according to their geographical and bioclimatic distribution imposes that conservation strategies of populations should be made appropriately, taking into account these factors. The in situ and ex situ conservation strategies should concern all populations representing the different chemotypes.
Essential Oil of Terminalia chebula Fruits as a Repellent for the Indian Honeybee Apis florea
Authors: Naik Dattatraya G. , Puntambekar Hemalata , Anantpure Priyanka 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPlant‐based repellent formulations for honeybees play an important role in the bee management. For this purpose, the essential oil of an Indian medicinal plant, Terminalia chebula, commonly known as Myrobalan, was isolated for the first time. Hitherto unknown chemical constituents of the essential oil were determined by GC/MS. The repellent activity of formulations of the essential oil, tested towards the Indian honeybee Apis florea, was found to be dose dependent. The repellency (ΔR) increased with the concentration of essential oil in the formulations, reaching a maximum for the formulation containing 50 mg/ml of oil. A further increase in the oil concentration was found to reduce the ΔR. The screening of formulations of the major essential‐oil components identified indicated that formulations of furfural, 5‐methylfurfural, tetradecanoic acid, palmitic acid, and oleic acid elicited no response in honeybees. In contrast, the formulations of phenylacetaldehyde were repellent, while those of ethyl cinnamate were attractant. These findings might be an asset for beekeepers to improve the bee management. Attractant formulations are effective to attract bees to the desired areas, thus improving the efficiency of pollination. Repellent formulations are used to repel honeybees, especially when toxic insecticides are sprayed on the fields.
In vitro Ruthenation of Human Breast Cancer Suppressor Gene 1 (BRCA1) by the Antimetastasis Compound RAPTA‐C and Its Analogue CarboRAPTA‐C
Authors: Ratanaphan Adisorn , Temboot Pornvichai , Dyson Paul J. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe interaction of two ruthenium–arene–1,3,5‐triaza‐7‐phosphaadamantane compounds ([Ru(η6‐p‐cymene)Cl2(pta)] and [Ru(η6‐p‐cymene)(C6H6O4)(pta)], termed RAPTA‐C (3) and carboRAPTA‐C (4), resp.) with the DNA sequence of the human breast‐cancer suppressor gene 1 (BRCA1) has been studied using a range of techniques that probe conformation, cross‐linking, base specificity, restriction analysis, and in vitro inhibition of DNA polymerization. The study demonstrates that substitution of the two labile chloride ligands in 3 by the more stable cyclobutane‐1,1‐dicarboxylate ligand onto the RAPTA framework reduces the rate of reaction with DNA in a similar manner to the analogous Pt‐based drug pair cisplatin (1) and carboplatin (2), suggesting that hydrolysis may be a prerequisite to DNA binding with the Ru compounds. Moreover, the rate of DNA interaction for 3 is in a similar range to that of 2, despite the fact that these compounds have a different therapeutic profile. The similar rates of reaction contrasting with the different modes of activity suggests that the RAPTA compounds may be clinically useful against cancer cells that have developed resistance to Pt‐based therapies, particularly involving excision–repair mechanisms.
Computational Analysis of the Evolution of 1‐Deoxy‐D‐xylulose‐5‐phosphate Reductoisomerase, an Important Enzyme in Plant Terpene Biosynthesis
Authors: Fung Pui Kwan , Krushkal Julia , Weathers Pamela J. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIsoprenoids are a highly diverse and important group of natural compounds. The enzyme 1‐deoxy‐D‐xylulose‐5‐phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR) catalyzes a key regulatory step in the non‐mevalonate isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway in eubacteria and in plant plastids. For example, inArtemisia annuaDXR participates in regulation of the biosynthesis of artemisinin, an important antimalarial drug. We performed phylogenetic analysis using DXR protein sequences from a model prokaryote,Escherichia coli, a picoplanktonic alga,Ostreococcus lucimarinus, and higher plants. The functional domain of DXR was conserved, allowing molecular evolutionary comparisons of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic sequences of DXR. Despite this conservation, for some plant species such asCampthoteca acuminataandArabidopsis thaliana, phylogenetic relationships of their lineages were consistently violated. Our analysis revealed that plant DXR has an N‐terminal transit domain that is likely bipartite, consisting of a chloroplast transit peptide (cTP) and a lumen transit peptide (lTP). Several features observed in the lTP suggest that, while DXR is targeted to the chloroplast, it is localized to the thylakoid lumen. These features include a twin arginine motif, a hydrophobic region, and a proline‐rich region. The transit peptide also showed putative motifs for a 14‐3‐3 binding site with a chaperone phosphorylation site at Thr.
Exploring Biodiversity for Cellulosic Biofuel Production
Authors: Gowen Christopher M. , Fong Stephen S. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIndustrial production of solvents such as EtOH and BuOH from cellulosic biomass has the potential to provide a sustainable energy source that is relatively cheap, abundant, and environmentally sound, but currently production costs are driven up by expensive enzymes, which are necessary to degrade cellulose into fermentable sugars. These costs could be significantly reduced if a microorganism could be engineered to efficiently and quickly convert cellulosic biomass directly to product in a one‐step process. There is a large amount of biodiversity in the number of existing microorganisms that naturally possess the enzymes necessary to convert cellulose to usable sugars, and many of these microorganisms can directly ferment sugars to EtOH or other solvents. Currently, the vast majority of cellulolytic organisms are poorly understood and have complex metabolic networks. In this review, we survey the current state of knowledge on different cellulases and metabolic capabilities found in various cellulolytic microorganisms. We also propose that the use of large‐scale metabolic models (and associated analyses) is potentially an ideal means for improving our understanding of basic metabolic network function and directing metabolic engineering efforts for cellulolytic microorganisms.
Fault Diagnosis Engineering in Molecular Signaling Networks: An Overview and Applications in Target Discovery
Authors: Abdi Ali , Emamian Effat S. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractFault diagnosis engineering is a key component of modern industrial facilities and complex systems, and has gone through considerable developments in the past few decades. In this paper, the principles and concepts of molecular fault diagnosis engineering are reviewed. In this area, molecular intracellular networks are considered as complex systems that may fail to function, due to the presence of some faulty molecules. Dysfunction of the system due to the presence of a single or multiple molecules can ultimately lead to the transition from the normal state to the disease state. It is the goal of molecular fault diagnosis engineering to identify the critical components of molecular networks, i.e., those whose dysfunction can interrupt the function of the entire network. The results of the fault analysis of several signaling networks are discussed, and possible connections of the findings with some complex human diseases are examined. Implications of molecular fault diagnosis engineering for target discovery and drug development are outlined as well.
Data Integration for Dynamic and Sustainable Systems Biology Resources: Challenges and Lessons Learned
Authors: Sullivan Daniel E. , Gabbard Joseph L. , Shukla Maulik , Sobral Bruno 
Published: May 2010

AbstractSystems‐biology and infectious‐disease (host–pathogen–environment) research and development is becoming increasingly dependent on integrating data from diverse and dynamic sources. Maintaining integrated resources over long periods of time presents distinct challenges. This review describes experiences and lessons learned from integrating data in two five‐year projects focused on pathosystems biology: thePathosystems Resource Integration Center(PATRIC, http://patric.vbi.vt.edu/), with a goal of developing bioinformatics resources for the research and countermeasures‐development communities based on genomics data, and theResource Center for Biodefense Proteomics Research(RCBPR, http://www.proteomicsresource.org/), with a goal of developing resources based on the experiment data such as microarray and proteomics data from diverse sources and technologies. Some challenges include integrating genomic sequence and experiment data, data synchronization, data quality control, and usability engineering. We present examples of a variety of data‐integration problems drawn from our experiences with PATRIC and RBPRC, as well as open research questions related to long‐term sustainability, and describe the next steps to meeting these challenges. Novel contributions of this work include1) an approach for addressing discrepancies between experiment results and interpreted results, and2) expanding the range of data‐integration techniques to include usability engineering at the presentation level.
Network Analysis of EtOH‐Related Candidate Genes
Authors: Guo An‐Yuan , Sun Jingchun , Jia Peilin , Zhao Zhongming 
Published: May 2010

AbstractRecently, we collected many large‐scale datasets for alcohol dependence and EtOH response in five organisms and deposited them in our EtOH‐related gene resource database (ERGR, http://bioinfo.mc.vanderbilt.edu/ERGR/). Based on multidimensional evidence among these datasets, we prioritized 57 EtOH‐related candidate genes. To explore their biological roles, and the molecular mechanisms of EtOH response and alcohol dependence, we examined the features of these genes by the Gene Ontology (GO) term‐enrichment test and network/pathway analysis. Our analysis revealed that these candidate genes were highly enriched in alcohol dependence/alcoholism and highly expressed in brain or liver tissues. All the significantly enriched GO terms were related to neurotransmitter systems or EtOH metabolic processes. Using the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis system, we found that these genes were involved in networks of neurological disease, cardiovascular disease, inflammatory response, and small molecular metabolism. Many key genes in signaling pathways were in the central position of these networks. Furthermore, our protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis suggested some novel candidate genes which also had evidence in the ERGR database. This study demonstrated that our candidate gene selection is effective and our network/pathway analysis is useful for uncovering the molecular mechanisms of EtOH response and alcohol dependence. This approach can be applied to study the features of candidate genes of other complex traits/phenotypes.