bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Steric Gate Variants of UmuC Confer UV Hypersensitivity onEscherichia coli
Authors: Shurtleff Brenna W. , Ollivierre Jaylene N. , Tehrani Mohammad , Walker Graham C. , Beuning Penny J. 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACTY family DNA polymerases are specialized for replication of damaged DNA and represent a major contribution to cellular resistance to DNA lesions. Although the Y family polymerase active sites have fewer contacts with their DNA substrates than replicative DNA polymerases, Y family polymerases appear to exhibit specificity for certain lesions. Thus, mutation of the steric gate residue ofEscherichia coliDinB resulted in the specific loss of lesion bypass activity. We constructed variants ofE. coliUmuC with mutations of the steric gate residue Y11 and of residue F10 and determined that strains harboring these variants are hypersensitive to UV light. Moreover, these UmuC variants are dominant negative with respect to sensitivity to UV light. The UV hypersensitivity and the dominant negative phenotype are partially suppressed by additional mutations in the known motifs in UmuC responsible for binding to the β processivity clamp, suggesting that the UmuC steric gate variant exerts its effects via access to the replication fork. Strains expressing the UmuC Y11A variant also exhibit decreased UV mutagenesis. Strikingly, disruption of thednaQgene encoding the replicative DNA polymerase proofreading subunit suppressed the dominant negative phenotype of a UmuC steric gate variant. This could be due to a recruitment function of the proofreading subunit or involvement of the proofreading subunit in a futile cycle of base insertion/excision with the UmuC steric gate variant.
Communication outcome after stroke: a new measure of the carer’s perspective
Authors: Long Andrew , Hesketh Anne , Bowen Audrey 
Published: May 2009

Objective: To validate a measure of the carer’s perspective of a stroke survivor’s communication in everyday life. Design: Cross-sectional, interview-based, psychometric study. Setting: A community sample from the northwest of England, UK. Subjects: Fifty-eight carers and 58 stroke survivors with communication problems (aphasia and/or dysarthria) following a stroke within the previous 4—12 months. Interventions: Administration of the 20-item Carer Communication Outcome after Stroke (Carer COAST) scale, on two occasions, within a two-week period; the 15-item Carers of Older People in Europe (COPE) Index, the patient Communication Outcome after Stroke (COAST) Scale, and collection of demographic and other data relating to the stroke survivor’s disability (Barthel Index), degree of aphasia (Frenchay Aphasia Screening Test) and hospital diagnosis of aphasia/dysarthria. Main measures: Acceptability (missing values), reliability (internal consistency and test—retest reliability) and construct validity. Results: Carer COAST showed good acceptability (no incomplete items, sample spread 24—100%), internal consistency and test—retest reliability for the scale (a = 0.94; intraclass correlation (ICC) = 0.91) and its subscales (a = 0.78—0.90; ICC = 0.75—0.87), and indicative evidence on construct validity (Carer COAST, COPE subscales and COAST). There were statistically significant correlations between the communication items of Carer COAST and the negative impact of caregiving (rs = —0.29) and the financial difficulties of caregiving (rs = —0.38). Conclusions: The Carer COAST scale has considerable potential as a reliable and valid measure of the carer’s perspective on the communication effectiveness of stroke survivors. Intercorrelations with COPE provide specific evidence of the impact of caring for a person with communication difficulties following a stroke.
Interaction between the Supraspinatus and Infraspinatus Tendons: Effect of Anterior Supraspinatus Tendon Full-Thickness Tears on Infraspinatus Tendon Strain
Authors: Andarawis-Puri Nelly , Ricchetti Eric T. , Soslowsky Louis J. 
Published: May 2009

Background Rotator cuff tears are common and not well-understood shoulder problems. Structural and mechanical inhomogeneity of the supraspinatus tendon complicates accurate prediction of risk of tear propagation and may affect appropriate clinical treatment. Hypothesis We propose that interactions between the supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons are critical to load bearing at the glenohumeral joint and warrant investigation. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Principal strains in the infraspinatus tendon of cadaveric human shoulders were evaluated with increasing anterior full-thickness supraspinatus tendon tear sizes and loading to evaluate whether a mechanical interaction between the supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons exists. A constant nominal load was attached to the infraspinatus throughout all experimental conditions. Results Increasing supraspinatus tendon tear width from intact and 33% to 66% and increasing supraspinatus tendon load caused an increase in maximum and a decrease in minimum principal strain in the infraspinatus tendon. Increasing the supraspinatus tendon tear size from intact to 33% of the width had no significant effect on infraspinatus tendon strain. Conclusion Supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons mechanically interact. The observed significant increase in maximum and decrease in minimum principal strain was concurrent in both the infraspinatus and supraspinatus tendons. Clinical Relevance Changes in infraspinatus tendon strain associated with increases in supraspinatus tendon tear size and loading may shield a torn supraspinatus tendon from further injury or may have an effect on the load-bearing capacity of the infraspinatus tendon. Results also imply that the effect of a small tear that does not compromise the confluent region between the supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendon may be localized, eliminating its effect on infraspinatus tendon strain.
A 7-Year Prospective, Randomized, Clinical, and Radiographic Study After Arthroscopic Bankart Reconstruction Using 2 Different Types of Absorbable Tack
Authors: Elmlund Anna O. , Kartus Jüri , Rostgård-Christensen Lars , Sernert Ninni , Magnusson Lennart , Ejerhed Lars 
Published: May 2009

Background Recent studies have shown that techniques for arthroscopic Bankart reconstruction using suture anchors or tacks can equal the results after an open procedure in the treatment of posttraumatic, recurrent, unidirectional shoulder instability. Which kind of technique and which implants to be used still need further study. Purpose The aim of this study was to compare the clinical and radiographic results after arthroscopic Bankart reconstruction using 2 different types of absorbable implants. Study Design Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods A randomized series of 40 patients who had recurrent shoulder instability underwent reconstruction involving either polygluconate-B polymer or self-reinforced poly-L-lactic acid polymer tack implants. The patients underwent radiographic and clinical assessments preoperatively and at 7 years. Blood levels of C-reactive protein were analyzed preoperatively and postoperatively. Results The radiographic visibility of the drill holes was significantly ( P = .0001) greater in the poly-L-lactic acid polymer group than in the polygluconate-B polymer group. The failure rate in terms of stability was 5 of 36 (14%) after 7 years and, as previously reported by Magnusson et al, 2 of 40 (5%) after 2 years. Analyses preoperatively and postoperatively of C-reactive protein revealed no significant difference between the groups. No significant differences were found between the groups in terms of strength in abduction, range of motion, and Rowe or Constant scores. Conclusion Seven years after Bankart repair using either implant, the overall clinical results were satisfactory. The visibility of the drill holes was significantly greater after using poly-L-lactic acid polymer implants.
The level of vascular endothelial growth factor as a predictor of a poor prognosis in osteosarcoma
Authors: Kaya M. , Wada T. , Nagoya S. , Sasaki M. , Matsumura T. , Yamashita T. 
Published: May 2009

We undertook a prospective study to evaluate the prognostic significance of the serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in predicting the survival of patients with osteosarcoma. The levels were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 15 patients with osteosarcoma before commencing treatment. The patients were divided into two groups, with a high or a low serum VEGF level, and the incidence of metastases and overall survival rate were compared. No significant relationship was observed between the serum VEGF levels and gender, age, the size of the tumour or the response to pre-operative chemotherapy. Patients with a serum VEGF > 1000 pg/ml had significantly worse survival than those with a level < 1000 pg/ml (p = 0.002). The serum VEGF level may be useful in predicting the prognosis for survival in patients with osteosarcoma.
The effect of the offset humeral head on the micromovement of pegged glenoid components
Authors: Nuttall D. , Haines J. F. , Trail I. A. 
Published: May 2009

In a prospective study between 2000 and 2005, 22 patients with primary osteoarthritis of the shoulder had a total shoulder arthroplasty with a standard five-pegged glenoid component, 12 with non-offset humeral head and ten with offset humeral head components. Over a period of 24 months the relative movement of the glenoid component with respect to the scapula was measured using radiostereometric analysis. Nine glenoids needed reaming for erosion. There was a significant increase in rotation about all three axes with time (p < 0.001), the largest occurring about the longitudinal axis (anteversion-retroversion), with mean values of 3.8° and 1.9° for the non-offset and offset humeral head eroded subgroups, respectively. There was also a significant difference in rotation about the anteversion-retroversion axis (p = 0.01) and the varus-valgus (p < 0.001) z-axis between the two groups. The offset humeral head group reached a plateau at early follow-up with rotation about the z-axis, whereas the mean of the non-offset humeral head group at 24 months was three times greater than that of the offset group accounting for the highly significant difference between them.
Evaluation of peripheral nerves of the upper limb with ultrasonography
Authors: Toros T. , Karabay N. , Özaksar K. , Sugun T. S. , Kayalar M. , Bal E. 
Published: May 2009

We prospectively studied 26 consecutive patients with clinically documented sensory or motor deficiency of a peripheral nerve due to trauma or entrapment using ultrasound, and in 19 cases surgical exploration of the nerves was undertaken. The ultrasonographic diagnoses were correlated with neurological examination and the surgical findings. Reliable visualisation of injured nerves on ultrasonography was achieved in all patients. Axonal swelling and hypoechogenity of the nerve was diagnosed in 15 cases, loss of continuity of a nerve bundle in 17, the formation of a neuroma of a stump in six, and partial laceration of a nerve with loss of the normal fascicular pattern in five. The ultrasonographic findings were confirmed at operation in those who had surgery. Ultrasound may be used for the evaluation of peripheral nerve injuries in the upper limb. High-resolution ultrasound can show the exact location, extent and type of lesion, yielding important information that might not be obtainable by other diagnostic aids.
Variation in bone mineral density by anatomical site in patients with proximal humeral fractures
Authors: Wilson J. , Bonner T. J. , Head M. , Fordham J. , Brealey S. , Rangan A. 
Published: May 2009

Low-energy fractures of the proximal humerus indicate osteoporosis and it is important to direct treatment to this group of patients who are at high risk of further fracture. Data were prospectively collected from 79 patients (11 men, 68 women) with a mean age of 69 years (55 to 86) with fractures of the proximal humerus in order to determine if current guidelines on the measurement of the bone mineral density at the hip and lumbar spine were adequate to stratify the risk and to guide the treatment of osteoporosis. Bone mineral density measurements were made by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry at the proximal femur, lumbar spine (L2-4) and contralateral distal radius, and the T-scores were generated for comparison. Data were also collected on the use of steroids, smoking, the use of alcohol, hand dominance and comorbidity. The mean T-score for the distal radius was −2.97 (sd 1.56) compared with −1.61 (sd 1.62) for the lumbar spine and −1.78 (sd 1.33) for the femur. There was a significant difference between the mean lumbar and radial T scores (1.36 (1.03 to 1.68); p < 0.001) and between the mean femoral and radial T-scores (1.18 (0.92 to 1.44); p < 0.001). The inclusion of all three sites in the determination of the T-score increased the sensitivity to 66% compared with that of 46% when only the proximal femur and lumbar spine were used. This difference between measurements in the upper limb compared with the axial skeleton and lower limb suggests that basing risk assessment and treatment on only the bone mineral density taken at the hip or lumbar spine may misrepresent the extent of osteoporosis in the upper limb and the subsequent risk of fracture at this site. The assessment of osteoporosis must include measurement of the bone mineral density at the distal radius to avoid underestimation of osteoporosis in the upper limb.
The effect of an intravenous bolus of tranexamic acid on blood loss in total hip replacement
Authors: Rajesparan K. , Biant L. C. , Ahmad M. , Field R. E. 
Published: May 2009

Tranexamic acid is a fibrinolytic inhibitor which reduces blood loss in total knee replacement. We examined the effect on blood loss of a standardised intravenous bolus dose of 1 g of tranexamic acid, given at the induction of anaesthesia in patients undergoing total hip replacement and tested the potential prothrombotic effect by undertaking routine venography. In all, 36 patients received 1 g of tranexamic acid, and 37 no tranexamic acid. Blood loss was measured directly per-operatively and indirectly post-operatively. Tranexamic acid reduced the early post-operative blood loss and total blood loss (p = 0.03 and p = 0.008, respectively) but not the intraoperative blood loss. The tranexamic acid group required fewer transfusions (p = 0.03) and had no increased incidence of deep-vein thrombosis. The reduction in early post-operative blood loss was more marked in women (p = 0.05), in whom this effect was dose-related (r = −0.793). Our study showed that the administration of a standardised pre-operative bolus of 1 g of tranexamic acid was cost-effective in reducing the blood loss and transfusion requirements after total hip replacement, especially in women.
Simplification of Geopotential Perturbing Force Acting on A Satellite
Authors: Eshagh M. , Abdollahzadeh M. , Najafi-Alamdari M. 
Published: May 2009

Simplification of Geopotential Perturbing Force Acting on A SatelliteOne of the aspects of geopotential models is orbit integration of satellites. The geopotential acceleration has the largest influence on a satellite with respect to the other perturbing forces. The equation of motion of satellites is a second-order vector differential equation. These equations are further simplified and developed in this study based on the geopotential force. This new expression is much simpler than the traditional one as it does not derivatives of the associated Legendre functions and the transformations are included in the equations. The maximum degree and order of the geopotential harmonic expansion must be selected prior to the orbit integration purposes. The values of the maximum degree and order of these coefficients depend directly on the satellite's altitude. In this article, behaviour of orbital elements of recent geopotential satellites, such as CHAMP, GRACE and GOCE is considered with respect to the different degree and order of geopotential coefficients. In this case, the maximum degree 116, 109 and 175 were derived for the Earth gravitational field in short arc orbit integration of the CHAMP, GRACE and GOCE, respectively considering millimeter level in perturbations.
Double-Difference Carrier-Phase Network Solution Using Nominal Gnss Constellations (Future Perception)
Authors: Farah A. 
Published: May 2009

Double-Difference Carrier-Phase Network Solution Using Nominal Gnss Constellations (Future Perception)Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have an endless number of applications in industry, science, military, transportation and recreation & sports. Two systems are currently in operation namely GPS (the USA Global Positioning System) and GLONASS (the Russian GLObal NAvigation Satellite System), and a third is planned, the European satellite navigation system GALILEO. The potential performance improvements achievable through combining these systems could be significant and expectations are high. The need is inevitable to explore the future of positioning accuracy using different nominal constellations. In this research paper, Bernese 5.0 software could be modified to simulate and process GNSS observations from three different constellations (GPS, Glonass and Galileo) using different combinations. This study presents results of double-difference carrier-phase solution for five stations-network using the three constellations and different combinations.
A Hybrid LiCl/LixSn Conductive Interlayer to Unlock the Potential of Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Ding Decheng , Tao Huachao , Fan Xiaomeng , Yang Xuelin , Fan Li‐Zhen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLi1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 (LATP) electrolyte has a great potential for application in solid‐state lithium metal batteries. However, due to the poor interfacial contact and thermodynamic instability between LATP and Li metal, a series of interfacial problems, such as high interfacial resistance, undesirable interfacial reaction and dendrite growth are deeply criticized. Herein, a hybrid LiCl/LixSn conductive interlayer is constructed through an in situ electrochemical reaction of SnCl4 with Li metal to effectively improve the compatibility and stability of the Li/LATP interface. LiCl with both electronic insulation and high ionic conductivity can provide fast Li+ diffusion channel, block electron injection, avoid side reactions, and effectively inhibit dendrite growth. LixSn can reduce interfacial impedance, eliminate local electric field concentration, and significantly improve interfacial wettability. Under the protection of LiCl/LixSn hybrid interlayer, the initial resistance of the symmetric battery is reduced from 1066.3 to 133.6 Ω cm−2, achieving a high critical current density of 1.4 mA cm−2. At 0.1 mA cm−2/0.1 mAh cm−2 and 0.2 mA cm−2/0.2 mAh cm−2, the symmetric battery can cycle stably for more than 4000 h at 25 °C. Moreover, the full battery displays a high capacity retention ratio of 90.4% after 420 cycles at 0.5 C.
Understanding Interfaces in AlScN/GaN Heterostructures
Authors: Streicher Isabel , Leone Stefano , Zhang Meiling , Tlemcani Taoufik Slimani , Bah Micka , Straňák Patrik , Kirste Lutz , Prescher Mario , Yassine Ali , Alquier Daniel , Ambacher Oliver 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAluminum scandium nitride barrier layers increase the available sheet charge carrier density in gallium nitride‐based high‐electron‐mobility transistors and boost the output power of high‐frequency amplifiers and high voltage switches. Growth of AlScN by metal‐organic chemical vapor deposition is challenging due to the low vapor pressure of the conventional Sc precursor Cp3Sc, which induces low growth rates of AlScN and leads to thermally‐induced AlScN/GaN‐interface degradation. In this work, novel Sc precursors are employed to reduce the thermal budget by increasing the growth rate of the AlScN layer. The AlScN/GaN interfaces are investigated by high‐resolution X‐ray diffraction, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, capacitance–voltage, current–voltage and temperature‐dependent Hall measurements. Linearly graded interlayers with strain‐induced stacking faults, edge, and screw dislocations form at the AlScN/GaN interface at growth rates of 0.015 nms−1. Growth rates of 0.034 nms−1 and higher allow for abrupt interfaces, but a compositional grading in the barrier remains. Homogeneous barrier layers can be achieved at growth rates of 0.067 nms−1 or by growing an AlN interlayer. The electrical properties of the heterostructures are sensitive to Sc accumulations at the cap/barrier interface, residual impurities from precursor synthesis, and surface roughness. This study paves the way for high‐performing devices.
Plasmonic Bubbles: From Fundamentals to Applications
Authors: Wang Fulong , Wang Zeyu , Dong Lihua , Liu Huan , Yang Lijun , Wang Yuliang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWhen illuminated by a resonant laser, noble metal nanoparticles immersed in liquids can efficiently produce a huge amount of heat and rapidly vaporize surrounding liquid, leading to the nucleation of plasmonic bubbles. Plasmonic bubbles are gaining increasing attention and emerged in numerous applications due to their unique properties and excellent controllability, such as microfabrication, micromanipulation, robot propulsion, molecule enrichment, and clinical therapies. In this review paper, the research progress of plasmonic bubbles in the past decade is summarized, including the plasmonic effect‐induced heat generation, experimental methods of plasmonic bubble observation, growth dynamics of plasmonic bubbles, approaches of optomechanical energy conversion via plasmonic bubbles, as well as their applications. This work provides a comprehensive understanding of the state of the art in the field and inspires researchers to explore more promising applications of plasmonic bubbles in different fields, like biology, microfluidics, and micromanufacturing.
Double Nitrogenation Layer Formed Using Nitric Oxide for Enhancing Li+ Storage Performance, Cycling Stability, and Safety of Si Electrodes
Authors: Hernandha Rahmandhika Firdauzha Hary , Umesh Bharath , Patra Jagabandhu , Tseng Chung‐Jen , Hsieh Chien‐Te , Li Ju , Chang Jeng‐Kuei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTo enhance Li storage properties, nitrogenation methods are developed for Si anodes. First, melamine, urea, and nitric oxide (NO) precursors are used to nitrogenize carbon‐coated Si particles. The properties of the obtained particles are compared. It is found that the NO process can maximize the graphitic nitrogen (N) content and electronic conductivity of a sample. In addition, optimized N functional groups and O─C species on the electrode surface increase electrolyte wettability. However, with a carbon barrier layer, NO hardly nitrogenizes the Si cores. Therefore, bare Si particles are reacted with NO. Core‐shell Si@amorphous SiNx particles are produced using a facile and scalable NO treatment route. The effects of the NO reaction time on the physicochemical properties and charge–discharge performance of the obtained materials are systematically examined. Finally, the Si@SiNx particles are coated with N‐doped carbon. Superior capacities of 2435 and 1280 mAh g−1 are achieved at 0.2 and 5 A g−1, respectively. After 300 cycles, 90% of the initial capacity is retained. In addition, differential scanning calorimetry data indicate that the multiple nitrogenation layers formed by NO significantly suppress electrode exothermic reactions during thermal runaway.