bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Model Analysis of Intra‐Aortic Balloon Pump Performance as a Function of Ventricular and Circulatory Parameters
Authors: Ferrari Gianfranco , Khir Ashraf W. , Fresiello Libera , Di Molfetta Arianna , Kozarski Maciej 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe investigated the effects of the intra‐aortic balloon pump (IABP) on endocardial viability ratio (EVR), cardiac output (CO), end‐systolic (Ves) and end‐diastolic (Ved) ventricular volumes, total coronary blood flow (TCBF), and ventricular energetics (external work [EW], pressure–volume area [PVA]) under different ventricular (Emax and diastolic stiffness) and circulatory (arterial compliance) parameters. We derived a hybrid model from a computational model, which is based on merging computational and hydraulic submodels. The lumped parameter computational submodel consists of left and right hearts and systemic, pulmonary, and coronary circulations. The hydraulic submodel includes part of the systemic arterial circulation, essentially a silicone rubber tube representing the aorta, which contains a 40‐mL IAB. EVR, CO, Ves, and Ved, TCBF and ventricular energetics (EW, PVA) were analyzed against the ranges of left ventricular Emax (0.3–0.5–1 mm Hg/cm3) and diastolic stiffness Vstiffness (≈0.08 and ≈0.3 mm Hg/cm3, obtained by changing diastolic stiffness constant) and systemic arterial compliance (1.8–2.5 cm3/mm Hg). All experiments were performed comparing the selected variables before and during IABP assistance. Increasing Emaxl from 0.5 to 2 mm Hg/cm3 resulted in IABP assistance producing lower percentage changes in the selected variables. The changes in ventricular diastolic stiffness strongly influence both absolute value of EVR and its variations during IABP (71 and 65% for lower and higher arterial compliance, respectively). Ved and Ves changes are rather small but higher for lower Emax and higher Vstiffness. Lower Emax and higher Vstiffness resulted in higher TCBF and CO during IABP assistance (∼35 and 10%, respectively). The use of this hybrid model allows for testing real devices in realistic, stable, and repeatable circulatory conditions. Specifically, the presented results show that IABP performance is dependent, at least in part, on left ventricular filling, ejection characteristics, and arterial compliance. It is possible in this way to simulate patient‐specific conditions and predict the IABP performance at different values of the circulatory or ventricular parameters. Further work is required to study the conditions for heart recovery modeling, baroreceptor controls, and physiological feedbacks.
Assessment of Right Pump Outflow Banding and Speed Changes on Pulmonary Hemodynamics During Biventricular Support With Two Rotary Left Ventricular Assist Devices
Authors: Timms Daniel , Gude Einar , Gaddum Nicholas , Lim Einly , Greatrex Nicholas , Wong Kai , Steinseifer Ulrich , Lovell Nigel , Fraser John , Fiane Arnt 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe absence of an effective, easily implantable right ventricular assist device (RVAD) significantly diminishes long‐term treatment options for patients with biventricular heart failure. The implantation of a second rotary left ventricular assist device (LVAD) for right heart support is therefore being considered; however, this approach exhibits technical challenges when adapting current devices to produce the lower pressures required of the pulmonary circulation. Hemodynamic adaptation may be achieved by either reducing the rotational speed of the right pump impeller or reducing the diameter of the right outflow cannula by the placement of a restricting band; however, the optimal value and influence of changes to each parameter are not well understood. Hemodynamics were therefore investigated using different banding diameters of the right outflow cannula (3–6.5 mm) and pump speeds (500–4500 rpm), using two identical rotary blood pumps coupled to a pulsatile mock circulation loop. Reducing the speed of the right pump from 4900 rpm (for left ventricle support) to 3500 rpm, or banding the Ø10 mm (area 78.5 mm2) right outflow graft to Ø5.4 mm (22.9 mm2) produced suitable hemodynamics. Pulmonary pressures were most sensitive to banding diameters, especially when RVAD flow exceeded LVAD flow. This occurred between Ø5.3 and Ø6.5 mm (22.05–38.5 mm2) and speeds between 3200 and 4400 rpm, with the flow imbalance potentially leading to pulmonary congestion. Total flow was not affected by banding diameters and speeds below this range, and only increased slightly at higher values. Both right outflow banding or right pump speed reduction were found to be effective techniques to allow a rotary LVAD to be used directly for right heart support. However, the observed sensitivity to diameter and speed indicate that challenges may be presented when setting appropriate values for each patient, and control over these parameters is desirable.
Upset over Air Pollution: Analyzing Upset Event Emissions at Petroleum Refineries
Authors: Ozymy Joshua , Jarrell Melissa L. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe Clean Air Act (CAA) controls routine emissions at petroleum refineries, by creating limits and penalties for excess emissions. The CAA offers provisions for upset events, air emissions released because of unforeseen or unavoidable circumstances, if companies report the emissions and take corrective action. States enforce upset event rules and many states provide exemptions for a variety of circumstances, which may allow upset emissions to become a substantial, yet mostly unregulated source of emissions. We catalog the quantity and type of emissions generated during upset events at 18 Texas petroleum refineries from 2003 to 2008. We find that upset events occur frequently at these facilities and are collectively large in magnitude, emitting a combined total of 75 million lbs of emissions. In a select number of cases, single upset events exceeded annual emissions reported to the Toxics Release Inventory. Future research should assess the accuracy of upset event reporting and impact of upset events on environmental health.
Indigenizing the city and the future of Maori culture: The construction of community in Auckland as representation, experience, and self‐making
Authors: ROSENBLATT DANIEL 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTTraditional Maori meeting houses adapted to urban areas help to create communities that are able to represent themselves as analogous to rural ones centered on descent. Such representations have impact beyond the claims they embody in a “politics of culture”: By providing frames for the interpretation of experience, they contribute to the ways in which the embrace of identity becomes a process of self‐making, leading to “revived” cultures that shape actors’ ways of being and thinking in the world and, thus, their political struggles and goals. This outcome has implications for the future of cultural diversity.
Sketching knowledge: Quandaries in the mimetic reproduction of Pueblo ritual
Authors: COLWELL‐CHANTHAPHONH CHIP 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTIn this article, I examine the quandaries of knowledge reproduction and preservation raised by the Henry C. Toll Collection of sketches, curated at the Denver Museum of Nature and Science, depicting the religious ceremonies of 18 Pueblo tribes. The collection provides unique insight into the interrelationships between power and image making, intellectual property and secrecy, and museum practices in an age of ethical engagement with descendant communities. I explore these themes in the context of the Pueblos’ historical struggle to control images, the Toll Collection's formation, and ethnographic interviews with Acoma, Hopi, Laguna, and Zuni cultural leaders.
The remaking of Lake Sakakawea: Locating cultural viability in negative heritage on the Missouri River
Authors: MURRAY WENDI FIELD , ZEDEÑO MARÍA NIEVES , HOLLENBACK KACY L. , GRINNELL CALVIN , BREAST ELGIN CROWS 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTThe creation of Lake Sakakawea in North Dakota during the 1950s resulted in significant grief and loss for the Fort Berthold Indian community and continues to figure prominently in the collective memory of the Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara people. Drawing from ethnographic information pre‐ and postdating dam construction, we examine the lake's paradoxical identities in the Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Nation worldview, as a repository of negative memory and as a locale of cultural knowledge, continuity, and meaning. The tribe's response to the construction of the lake illustrates how physical and psychological adjustments to irreparable loss can resituate negative heritage as culturally viable property.
Nontargeted Rapid Human Immunodeficiency Virus Screening Provided by Dedicated Personnel Does Not Adversely Affect Emergency Department Length of Stay
Authors: Coeller Nathalie , Kuo Irene , Brown Jeremy 
Published: July 2011

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2011; 18:708–713 © 2011 by the Society for Academic Emergency MedicineAbstractObjectives:  In September 2006, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended routine (nontargeted) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) screening for all patients in the emergency department (ED). Although the American College of Emergency Physicians has endorsed these recommendations, the College expressed concern that that their adoption may lead to an increase in the length of stay (LOS) for ED patients. This study therefore analyzed the effect of nontargeted HIV screening on LOS in a cohort of ED patients.Methods:  The analysis was performed in an urban, Level I trauma center that offers nontargeted opt‐out HIV screening using dedicated HIV screeners. The LOS of all discharged patients who accepted HIV screening between May 2008 and December 2009 were compared with those of a cohort of patients over the same time period who were offered an ED HIV screening test but declined or were found to be not eligible. Median LOS was compared using the Wilcoxon rank sum test, and a multivariable linear model was used to assess the relationship between the acceptance of HIV testing and ED LOS.Results:  Over the 20‐month study period, there were 18,577 records of discharged patients who were offered an HIV screening test and for whom there were data about LOS. Of these, 10,286 patients accepted HIV screening, and 8,291 patients declined or were found not to be eligible. Individuals who accepted the HIV test had an LOS that was 2% longer compared to those who did not accept the test (regression beta coefficient = 1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00 to 1.03, p = 0.04).Conclusions:  Human immunodeficiency virus screening using an additional staff model has no clinically significant effect on the overall LOS for discharged patients.ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2011; 18:1–6 © 2011 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Clinical Teaching Site Does Not Affect Test Performance in an Emergency Medicine Clerkship
Authors: Bernard Aaron W. , Dubosh Nicole , O’Connell Michael , Adkins Justin , Khandelwal Sorabh , Hiestand Brian 
Published: July 2011

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2011; 18:741–744 © 2011 by the Society for Academic Emergency MedicineAbstractObjectives:  Increasing the size of medical school classes has resulted in the use of community hospitals for emergency medicine (EM) clerkships. While differences in clinical experience are expected, it is unclear if they are significant. The authors set out to investigate whether or not clinical site affects student performance on a standard written exam as a measure of medical knowledge.Methods:  This was a retrospective analysis of data from 2005 to 2009 for a mandatory fourth‐year EM clerkship at one institution that uses academic (EM residency), hybrid (residency training site but not EM), and community (no residency programs) hospitals as clerkship sites. Multiple variable linear regression was used to examine the relationship between clerkship site and end of clerkship written exam score. Additional covariates included were the time of year the rotation was completed (by 3‐ or 4‐month tertiles) and whether the student matched in EM. As test scores increased over the study period, a time factor was also included to account for this trend. A p‐value of <0.05 was required for variable retention in the model.Results:  A total of 718 students completed the clerkship and had complete data for analysis. Thirty‐five students matched in EM. A total of 311 rotated at academic sites, 304 at hybrid sites, and 103 at community sites. After adjusting for covariates, clinical site was not a significant predictor of exam score (F2,691 = 0.42, p = 0.65). Factors associated with higher test score were student match in EM (beta coefficient = 3.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.0 to 5.7) and rotation in July through September (beta coefficient = 1.8, 95% CI = 0.5 to 3.0, against a reference of January through April). No significant interaction terms or confounders were identified.Conclusions:  This study found no evidence that clerkship site affected final exam score. Academic EM clerkships may consider partnering with other hospitals for clinical experiences without compromising education.ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2011; 18:1–4 © 2011 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Associations between perception of wellness and health‐related quality of life, comorbidities, modifiable lifestyle factors and demographics in older Australians
Authors: Foottit Jenneke , Anderson Debra 
Published: July 2011

Aim:  The associations between perceived wellness and health‐related quality of life, comorbidities and modifiable lifestyle factors in older adults were explored.Methods:  Self‐administered questionnaires including the Perceived Wellness Survey and the 36‐Item Short Form of the Medical Outcomes Study version two were distributed to 328 community‐living adults aged 65 years and over.Results:  Results showed positive associations between perception of wellness and health‐related quality of life. General health (r(249) = 0.66, P < 0.01), vitality (r(249) = 0.59, P < 0.01) and mental health (r(249) = 0.52, P < 0.01) had the strongest association with perceived wellness; and social functioning (r(249) = 0.3, P < 0.01) and pain (r(249) = 0.36, P < 0.01) the lowest. Perceived wellness was influenced by hearing, mobility, memory, chronic disease, exercise, gambling and single status.Conclusion:  The study identified that perceived wellness in older adults is a multidimensional construct.
Rates of hospitalisations and mortality of older adults admitted with burn injuries in Western Australian from 1983 to 2008
Authors: Duke Janine , Wood Fiona , Semmens James , Edgar Dale W , Spilsbury Katrina , Willis Alwena , Hendrie Delia , Rea Suzanne 
Published: July 2011

Aim:  To estimate temporal trends in burn injury hospitalisations, mortality and hospital stay, for older adults with a burn‐related hospitalisation.Methods:  De‐identified data of all incident burn hospitalisations for adults 60 years and older in Western Australia from 1983–2008 were analysed. Poisson regression analyses were used to estimate temporal trends in hospital admissions and mortality. Zero truncated negative binomial regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with hospital stay.Results:  Between 1983 and 2008, hospitalisation rates increased for scalds (incident rate ratio (IRR) 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00–1.02) and contact burns (IRR 1.05, 95% CI: 1.03–1.07) while a significant reduction in flame hospitalisation rates (IRR 0.93, 95% CI: 0.92–0.94) was estimated. No significant changes in length of stay or burn‐related mortality were estimated.Conclusions:  Burn safety and prevention strategies that include first aid education need to be developed that target older adults living in their homes, to decrease their risk of sustaining burn injuries.
Media reports on dementia: Quality and type of messages in Australian media
Authors: Doyle Colleen J , Dunt David R , Pirkis Jane , Dare Andrew , Day Susan , Wijesundara Badrika S 
Published: July 2011

Aim:  To analyse changes in the quantity and quality of media reporting about dementia in Australian media between two time periods.Methods:  A media retrieval service collected all news items related to dementia. Quality ratings based on previously developed criteria were made for a stratified random sample of items – 1129 items for 2000/2001 and 1606 for 2006/2007. Nine items of quality were assessed. A summary score for quality was constructed. The content of the sampled media items was also coded.Results:  Overall, the mean total quality score for dementia‐related items significantly improved over the study period. There were very large improvements in quality of reporting of ‘sensationalism’, ‘language’ and ‘provision of information about help services’ and some small deterioration in quality for ‘medical terminology’ and ‘illness versus person’.Conclusions:  A very positive finding here is that generally the quality of reporting dementia has improved over the period studied.
Undertreatment of osteoporosis in regional Western Australia
Authors: Lai Michelle Mei Yee , Ang Wan Mei , McGuiness Marjory , Larke Amanda Barbara 
Published: July 2011

Aim:  To identify the geographic differences in osteoporosis management.Methods:  In this cross‐sectional study, osteoporosis treatments in older patients presented to a hip fracture unit from mid 2005–2009 were analysed. Logistic regression was used to examine the association of rural residency with osteoporosis treatments.Results:  Among 1130 patients (20% rural, mean age 81.1 years), there was a low prescription rate for osteoporosis among rural patients. Rural patients were 65% less likely to use vitamin D, 60% less likely to use calcium and 46% less likely to use bisphosphonates before a hip fracture than their urban counterparts. Their compliance with vitamin D and calcium was also lower at 1 year but improved significantly over the study period, whereas compliance with bisphosphonate decreased in both regions.Conclusion:  Undertreatment of osteoporosis was common in rural patients. These findings need to be confirmed by larger population‐based studies.
Behind the Mexican Mountains: Recent Developments and New Directions in Research on Uto‐Aztecan Languages
Authors: Caballero Gabriela 
Published: July 2011

AbstractFeaturing considerable diversity and one of the oldest and richest traditions of historical and descriptive research in the Americas, Uto‐Aztecan languages have played an important role in the development of general methods in linguistic classification and reconstruction and the development of typological and theoretical research. However, despite being one of the best‐studied language families in the Americas, there are still important gaps in our knowledge about these languages. The goal of this paper is twofold: (i) to survey some recent developments in the study of Uto‐Aztecan languages, and (ii) to outline some of the gaps in our knowledge and where new research on these languages is headed. This paper focuses on the Uto‐Aztecan languages of Northern Mexico: although these languages have received growing attention in recent years, they remain largely under‐described. And while they are still spoken by large and vibrant speech communities, the languages of this area are increasingly vulnerable to the escalating pressures imposed by the Spanish speaking population, making the task of carrying out deep and comprehensive language documentation both still possible and urgent. This paper argues that deepening our understanding of Uto‐Aztecan languages, especially those of Northern Mexico, will not only positively contribute to community‐based efforts of language maintenance, it will also provide crucial keys to linguistic typology, developing linguistic theories, as well as the reconstruction of the linguistic and cultural past of the Americas.
A Conceptual Framework for Promoting Linguistic and Educational Change
Authors: Mallinson Christine , Charity Hudley Anne , Strickling Laura Rutter , Figa Morgan 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe provide a conceptual framework for promoting linguistic and educational change by describing partnerships that bring together linguists’ and educators’ views on language and school success. From fall 2008 through fall 2010, we held workshops based on the professional development principles of co‐constructed knowledge, experiential learning, and collaboration with approximately 200 educators. These workshops integrated sociolinguistic information into approaches to multicultural education with which educators were familiar. Fourteen educators participated in our study of how they integrated workshop material into their pedagogy and their views on language variation and education. Data collected from interviews with the participants, reflective essays, journal entries, and curricular materials revealed three themes. The educators expressed the need to view language as a key component of multicultural education, the need to bring the perspective on language awareness back to their schools and classrooms, and the realization that knowledge of language variation was critical to assessing linguistically and culturally diverse student populations. We advocate for building collaborative partnerships between educators and linguists that integrate cultural and linguistic knowledge. Such partnerships expand linguists’ and educators’ knowledge base about language and culture and enable linguists and educators to work more effectively to address educational issues facing culturally and linguistically diverse student populations.
Quantity of the Tetracycline Resistance Gene tet(M) Differs Substantially between Meat at Slaughterhouses and at Retail
Authors: Hölzel Christina Susanne , Huther Sabine Katharina , Schwaiger Karin , Kämpf Peter , Bauer Johann 
Published: July 2011

Abstract:  Concentrations of the tetracycline resistance gene tet(M) per square centimeter were assessed in meat from the slaughterhouse (n = 100) and from retail (n = 100) by real‐time quantitative PCR. The study revealed a substantial contamination of retail meat with the tetracycline resistance gene tet(M), with a mean of 4.34 log copies per cm2 fasces in chicken and 5.58 log copies per cm2 fasces in pork. Quantitative resistance gene analysis provides an interesting tool for risk assessment and is becoming increasingly important. For both chicken and pork, tet(M) concentrations were significantly higher in meat at retail, compared to meat at slaughter. Cultural investigations revealed substantial differences in the prevalence of listeria and enterococci, and of E. coli and coliforms, between meat at slaughter (n = 500) and at retail (n = 500). However, the differences in the prevalence of 2 investigated groups of potential tet(M)‐carriers (enterococci, listeria) could not sufficiently explain the differences in tet(M) concentrations, since increasing concentrations of tet(M) were accompanied by decreasing prevalences of these potential tet(M)‐carriers. The percentage of tetracycline susceptible indicator bacteria (E. faecalis, E. coli) did not differ between meat at slaughter and meat at retail. Higher concentrations of tet(M) at retail might correlate with the proliferation of other genera than enterococci and listeria, but there is also a reason to discuss whether secondary contaminants might carry tet(M) more often than the primary flora of meat.Practical Application:  We successfully applied the direct quantitative monitoring of resistance genes in meat, which generally might aid as a useful and rapid additional tool for risk assessment. We know that bacteria provide a large pool of resistance genes, which are widely shared between each other—the larger the pool is, the more genes might be exchanged. Thus, in terms of resistance gene monitoring, we should sometimes overcome the restricted view on single bacteria and look at the gene pool, instead.