bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid grasshopper and Harris hawk optimization algorithm‐based energy efficient routing protocol for extending network lifetime in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Kodati Sarangam , Dhasaratham Meghavath , Kishor Bodla , Narayana Garlapati 
Published: May 2024

SummaryIn wireless sensor networks (WSNs), routing based on cluster construction is highly preferred as it greatly supports reliable data communication, load balancing, and fault tolerance with extended network lifetime. In specific, metaheuristic approach‐based dynamic cluster heads (CHs) selection has the possibility of enhancing the lifespan of network and at the same time is capable in reducing the energy consumption. In this paper, hybrid grasshopper and Harris hawk optimization algorithm‐based energy efficient routing protocol (HGHHOA) is propounded for optimal CH selection. This proposed HGHHOA approach adopted a fitness function that incorporated the factors of residual energy, distance between CH and cluster members, distance between selected CHs and the sink, node centrality, and node degree into account. The fitness function values of optimality facilitate a potential CH selection with significant cost‐effective routing. It is proposed with primary objective of improving the network lifespan through optimized selection of CHs that balances the available energy in a predominant way. It is proposed with significance of handling premature convergence with minimized energy consumption and network lifetime through the possibility of establishing an ideal balance between number of alive and dead nodes. The results of this proposed HGHHOA approach with varying rounds of implementation exhibited better results in throughput and residual energy which is 23.98% and 29.21%, better than the bassline CH selection mechanisms.
Appendicitis after endoscopic band ligation for massive ileocecal hemorrhage
Authors: Sato Hiroto , Yamamoto Yu , Kaizuka Akira , Ohtaki Yu , Toda Makoto , Fujishima Shoichiro , Shirahata Nakao , Ae Ryusuke , Kanno Takeshi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA 68‐year‐old man was admitted with hematochezia. Emergency computed tomography showed multiple diverticula throughout the colon. Initial colonoscopy on day 2 showed no active bleeding, but massive hematochezia on day 3 led to the performance of an emergency endoscopy. Substantial bleeding in the ileocecal area obscured the visual field, making it challenging to view the area around the bleeding site. Two endoscopic band ligations (EBLs) were applied at the suspected bleeding sites. Hemostasis was achieved without active bleeding after EBL. However, the patient developed lower right abdominal pain and fever (39.4°C) on day 6. Urgent computed tomography revealed appendiceal inflammation, necessitating emergency open ileocecal resection for acute appendicitis. Pathological examination confirmed acute phlegmonous appendicitis, with EBLs noted at the appendiceal orifice and on the anal side. This case illustrates the efficacy of EBL in managing colonic diverticular bleeding. However, it also highlights the risk of appendicitis due to EBL in cases of ileocecal hemorrhage exacerbated by poor visibility due to substantial bleeding. Endoscopists need to consider this rare but important complication when performing EBL in similar situations.
Numerical study of plasma behavior in a disk‐shaped noble gas MHD generator
Authors: Kimsor Ork , Okuno Yoshihiro 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPlasma behavior in cesium‐seeded argon (Ar/Cs) and xenon‐seeded argon (Ar/Xe) disk‐shaped MHD generators are compared under almost the same working conditions using r‐θ two‐dimensional simulation. For both working gases, uniform plasma occurs at the optimum load resistance, and the power outputs are the same under an identical inlet ionization degree. For Ar/Cs, plasma is stable and uniform in the range of electron temperature of 4300–5800 K basically according to the linear perturbation theory. In the actual plasma in the MHD generator, however, the uniform plasma still can be maintained even at higher electron temperatures due to the low three‐body recombination coefficient of Ar. For Ar/Xe, on the other hand, uniform plasma is maintained when the characteristic time of the electron number density is longer than the residence time of the working gas where the electron temperature is around 4300–8600 K, even though unstable plasma is suggested from the linear perturbation theory.
Phytoplankton species and traits response to a gradient of urbanization in subtropical lowland streams
Authors: Frau Diego , Pineda Alfonso 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLotic environments are among the most vulnerable aquatic ecosystems, and changes occurring in them happen faster than our capacity to measure the impacts, with the choice of community attributes that best reflect these disturbances still unclear. In this study, we evaluated the response of phytoplankton species and species traits along a gradient of urbanization in lowland streams. To do this, we sampled nine streams in three areas classified as densely populated (DP), low populated (LP), and rural areas (RA) during the four seasons (n = 108), considering relevant limnological variables (including metals, herbicides, and inorganic nutrients) and phytoplankton. Phytoplankton was analysed using taxonomic and morpho‐functional traits approaches. We used several multivariate analyses to assess phytoplankton species and trait distribution among stream groups (DP, LP, RA) and identify their environmental drivers. We found that phytoplankton responded to the urbanization gradient at both taxonomic and functional levels. However, this response was mediated by the land use (urban vs. rural) rather than its intensity. The main stressors detected were eutrophic conditions and organic matter contamination, which differed among groups (DP‐LP and RA). Both approximations indicated eutrophic, organically enriched conditions, but the situation varied among seasons and stream groups. The response of the taxonomic approach was clearer than the traits‐based approach, showing differences in density only between stream groups in the summer and the spring. Phytoplankton was responding to the gradient of urbanization in these subtropical lowland streams, but the seasonality, especially temperature and changes in the water column mixing also mediate the effect.
New Strategies to Improve the Efficiency of Curcumin‐Based Iridium Complexes for OLED Devices
Authors: Lino Valeria , Prontera Carmela Tania , Maglione Maria Grazia , Borriello Carmela , Tassini Paolo , Manini Paola 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAmong the solid‐state lighting technologies, OLEDs occupy a prominent position for the high efficiencies associated with the low CO2 emissions. In line with the recent studies aimed at designing sustainable and biodegradable devices, herein we report on the synthesis of a series of iridium(III) complexes featuring, as β‐diketone ligands, curcumin and 6‐dehydrogingerdione, two natural compounds found in the rhizome of Curcuma longa and Zingiber officinale. To improve the solubility of both the ligands and prevent the aggregation of the complexes, oleoyl residues were inserted on the phenolic −OH groups. The resulting complexes exhibited a green emission with quantum yields as high as 2.8 % (relative to fluorescein). OLED devices were fabricated by using, as emitting layer, a host‐guest blend of the iridium complex in 4,4’‐bis(N‐carbazolyl)‐1,1’‐biphenyl (CBP). The morphological analysis revealed that thin films of the emitting layer were homogeneous. The devices fabricated with iridium complexes from 6‐dehydrogingerdione exhibited higher luminance, efficiency and power efficiency with respect to the corresponding devices obtained from curcumin; also the functionalization of the β‐diketone unit with the oleoyl residue proved to increase significantly the performance of the device. Overall, these data suggest that aggregation is a key factor that compromise the performances of the corresponding OLEDs.
Epileptic encephalopathies secondary to hypothalamic hamartomas treated with radiosurgery: A case series
Authors: Jaramillo‐Jiménez Esteban , Sandoval‐Barrios Juliana , Walsh Fergus John , Jaramillo‐Jiménez María Clara , Echeverri‐Sánchez Juan David , Rodríguez‐Márquez Iader Alfonso , Barrientos‐Montoya Hernán Darío , Ascencio‐Lancheros José Luis , Giraldo‐Palacio John Freddy , Sierra‐Arrieta Iván Manuel , Gómez‐Duque David Ignacio , Pérez‐López Simón , Bustamante Mariana Torres 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveHypothalamic hamartomas are congenital lesions that typically present with gelastic seizures, refractory epilepsy, neurodevelopmental delay, and severe cognitive impairment. Surgical procedures have been reported to be effective in removing the hamartomas, however, they are associated with significant morbidity. Therefore, it is not considered a safe therapeutic modality. Image‐guided robotic radiosurgery (CyberKnife® Radiosurgery System) has been shown to provide good outcomes without lasting complications.MethodsThis series of cases describes the clinical, radiological, radiotherapeutic, and postsurgical outcomes of five patients with epileptic encephalopathies secondary to hypothalamic hamartomas who were treated with CyberKnife®.ResultsAll patients exhibited refractory epilepsy with gelastic seizures and were unsuitable candidates for surgical resection The prescribed dose ranged between 16 and 25 Gy, delivered in a single fraction for four patients and five fractions for one patient while adhering strictly to visual pathway constraints. After radiosurgery, four patients maintained seizure control (one with an Engel class Ia, three with an Engel class 1d), and another presented sporadic, nondisabling gelastic seizures (with an Engel class IIa). After 24–26 months of follow‐up, in three patients, their intelligence quotient scores increased. No complications were reported.SignificanceThis report suggests that Cyberknife may be a good option for treating hypothalamic hamartoma, particularly in cases where other noninvasive alternatives are unavailable. Nevertheless, additional studies are essential in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the technique in these cases.
Probabilistic generation of hazard‐consistent suites of fully non‐stationary seismic records
Authors: Yanni Hera , Fragiadakis Michalis , Mitseas Ioannis P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA novel, practical, and computationally efficient probabilistic methodology for the stochastic generation of suites of fully non‐stationary artificial accelerograms is presented. The proposed methodology ensures that the produced ground motion suites match a given target spectral mean and target variability for the whole period range of interest. This is achieved by first producing an ensemble of random target spectra with the given mean and variability and then using them to generate artificial, target spectrum‐compatible, acceleration time‐histories with spectral representation techniques. Spectral correlation can also be assumed for the generated ground motion spectra. Based on the same backbone, two different formulations are proposed for generating spectrum‐compatible acceleration time‐histories of the non‐stationary kind. The distinction between these two variants lies in the techniques employed for modeling the temporal and spectral modulation, focusing on the site‐compatibility of the produced records. The first approach uses past‐recorded seismic accelerograms as seed records, and the second proposes and uses a new, probabilistic time‐frequency modulating function. The outcome of the proposed methodology is suites containing site‐compatible ground motion time‐histories whose spectral mean and variability match those obtained from any of the usually employed target spectra used in the earthquake engineering practice. An online tool implementing the proposed methodology is also freely provided.
Development of a Zebrafish embryo-based test system for thyroid hormone system disruption: 3Rs in ecotoxicological research
Authors: Gölz Lisa , Blanc-Legendre Melanie , Rinderknecht Maximilian , Behnstedt Laura , Coordes Sara , Reger Luisa , Sire Sacha , Cousin Xavier , Braunbeck Thomas , Baumann Lisa 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
There is increasing concern regarding pollutants disrupting the vertebrate thyroid hormone (TH) system, which is crucial for development. Thus, identification of TH system–disrupting chemicals (THSDCs) is an important requirement in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) testing framework. The current OECD approach uses different model organisms for different endocrine modalities, leading to a high number of animal tests. Alternative models compatible with the 3Rs (replacement, reduction, refinement) principle are required. Zebrafish embryos, not protected by current European Union animal welfare legislation, represent a promising model. Studies show that zebrafish swim bladder inflation and eye development are affected by THSDCs, and the respective adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) have been established. The present study compared effects of four THSDCs with distinct molecular modes of action: Propylthiouracil (PTU), potassium perchlorate, iopanoic acid, and the TH triiodothyronine (T3) were tested with a protocol based on the OECD fish embryo toxicity test (FET). Effects were analyzed according to the AOP concept from molecular over morphological to behavioral levels: Analysis of thyroid- and eye-related gene expression revealed significant effects after PTU and T3 exposure. All substances caused changes in thyroid follicle morphology of a transgenic zebrafish line expressing fluorescence in thyrocytes. Impaired eye development and swimming activity were observed in all treatments, supporting the hypothesis that THSDCs cause adverse population-relevant changes. Findings thus confirm that the FET can be amended by TH system–related endpoints into an integrated protocol comprising molecular, morphological, and behavioral endpoints for environmental risk assessment of potential endocrine disruptors, which is compatible with the 3Rs principle.
The Importance of Including Variable Exposure Concentrations When Assessing Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Pharmaceuticals to an Amphipod
Authors: Grønlund Sara Nicoline , Læssøe Casper D. , Cedergreen Nina , Selck Henriette 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Pharmaceuticals have been classified as an environmental concern due to their increasing consumption globally and potential environmental impact. We examined the toxicity of sediment-associated diclofenac and citalopram administered as both single compounds and in a mixture to the sediment-living amphipod Corophium volutator. This laboratory-based study addressed the following research questions: (1) What is the toxicity of sediment-associated diclofenac and citalopram to C. volutator? (2) Can the mixture effect be described with either of the two mixture models: concentration addition (CA) or independent action (IA)? (3) What is the importance of the choice of (i) exposure measure (start concentration, time-weighted average [TWA], full exposure profile) and (ii) effect model (concentration–response vs. the toxicokinetic–toxicodynamic model general unified threshold model for survival in its reduced form [GUTS-RED]) for the derived effect concentration values? Diclofenac was more toxic than citalopram to C. volutator as a single compound (10-day exposure). Diclofenac exposure to C. volutator provided median lethal concentrations (LC50s) within the same range (11 µg g−1 dry wt sediment) using concentration–response based on TWA and both GUTS-RED models. However, concentration–response based on measured start concentrations provided an approximately 90% higher LC50 (21.6 ± 2.0 µg g−1 dry wt sediment). For citalopram, concentration–response parameters were similar regardless of model or concentration used (LC50 85–97 µg g−1 dry wt sediment), however, GUTS-RED with the assumption of individual tolerance resulted in a lower LC50 (64.9 [55.3–74.8] µg g−1 dry wt sediment). The mixture of diclofenac and citalopram followed the CA quite closely, whereas the result was synergistic when using the IA prediction. In summary, concentration–response based on TWA and GUTS-RED provided similar and reasonably good fits compared to the data set. The implications are that GUTS-RED will provide a more flexible model, which, in principle, can extend beyond the experimental period and make predictions based on variable exposure profiles (toxicity at different time frames and at different variable exposure scenarios) compared to concentration–response, which provides contaminant toxicity at one point in time. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1767–1777. © 2024 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Measuring persistent global economic factors with output, commodity price, and commodity currency data
Authors: Basistha Arabinda , Startz Richard 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this study, we use monthly G7 industrial production data, commodity price index data, and commodity currency exchange rate data in a dynamic factor model to examine the global economic factors useful for commodity price prediction. We differentiate between the dynamic factors by specifying a persistent factor and a non‐persistent factor, both as a single global factor using all data and as factors for each category of data. The in‐sample predictive performances of the three persistent factors together are better than the non‐persistent factors and the single global factors. Out‐of‐sample outcomes based on forecast combinations also support the presence of predictive information in the persistent factors for overall commodity prices and for most sub‐categories of commodity price indexes relative to their means. The gains in forecast accuracy are heterogeneous, ranging from 5% to 7% in the 1‐ to 6‐month horizon for overall commodity prices to a high of around 20% for fertilizers in the 12‐month horizon in the recent sample. We further show that the information in the persistent factors, especially in the commodity currency exchange rate‐based persistent factor, can be integrated with other global measures to further improve the predictive performances of the global measures.
Splitting long‐term and short‐term financial ratios for improved financial distress prediction: Evidence from Taiwanese public companies
Authors: Rahmi Asyrofa , Lu Chia‐chi , Liang Deron , Fadilah Ayu Nur 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFinancial distress occurs when a company cannot meet its financial obligations within a specified timeframe, often owing to prolonged poor operational performance. While studies on financial distress prediction (FDP) use financial ratios (FRs) to forecast distress, they neglect to differentiate long‐term (LT) attributes from FRs. To address this gap, our study introduces a novel model that distinguishes between LT and short‐term (ST) accounting attributes in FRs. Using data from Taiwanese public companies (1991–2018), our proposed model employs a stacking ensemble classifier to split LT and ST Altman's ratios. This study addresses three key questions: (1) Do models involving split of LT and ST ratios outperform those that combine them? (2) How reliable and robust are these proposed models? (3) What is the proposed model's impact on distress prediction? The results show a significant outperformance of the existing solution, with higher accuracy, lower Type I and Type II errors, and reduced misclassification costs. These models are reliable in handling imbalanced data, proving suitable for real‐market investigations. Diverse FR contexts from previous Taiwanese studies validate the distinction between LT and ST features, representing robust performance. This model identifies characteristics of correctly and incorrectly predicted distress in companies, providing nuanced insights into complex distress attributes. This study introduces a pioneering model demonstrating superior predictive accuracy, reliability, and robustness by considering the split between LT and ST accounting attributes. It lays a foundation for future studies to extend and refine the proposed model, offering valuable insights into the complex dynamics of FDP.
Prevalence and contributing factors of intestinal parasitic infections among school children with malnutrition in Hetauda, Nepal: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Parajuli Rameshwor , Dhakal Pitambar , Thapa Sandeep , Ghimire Tirth Raj , Parajuli Rajendra Prasad 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsWith existing undernutrition in the developing world, the prevalence of obesity is increasing rapidly. Some studies reported an association of intestinal parasitic infection (IPIs) with undernutrition while few recent studies reported an inverse association of IPIs with overweight and obesity. This study evaluated the comparative risk and associated factors of IPIs among under (body mass index [BMI] < 18.5), normal (BMI: 18.5–24.9) and overweight (BMI > 24.9) school‐aged adolescents.MethodsA total of 105 fecal samples were collected, with 35 samples from each group. The collected samples were tested for the presence of intestinal parasites via concentration method, and the parasites were identified morphologically.ResultsOverall prevalence of IPIs was 5.71% with 3 protozoa viz Giardia lamblia (2.86%), Entamoeba histolytica (1.90%) and Endolimax nana (0.95%). Univariate and multivariable regression analysis indicated none of the nutritional, socioeconomic status, demographic, lifestyle and behavioral characteristics were significantly associated with the prevalence of overall IPIs. Yet, significant numbers of male reported undernutrition and elevated risk of IPIs in this study population.ConclusionDespite low prevalence of IPIs in this study, risk of IPIs is attributable to individual differences in behavior like “not using soap for hand washing”. Relatively elevated malnutrition with risky hygiene behaviors, male adolescents appeared as risky cluster of school age population.
Dengue fever mapping in Bangladesh: A spatial modeling approach
Authors: Sarker Indrani , Karim Md. Rezaul , E‐Barket Sefat , Hasan Mehedi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundEpidemics of the dengue virus can trigger widespread morbidity and mortality along with no specific treatment. Examining the spatial autocorrelation and variability of dengue prevalence throughout Bangladesh's 64 districts was the focus of this study.MethodsThe spatial autocorrelation is evaluated with the help of Moran and Geary . Local Moran was used to detect hotspots and cold spots, whereas local Getis Ord G was used to identify only spatial hotspots. The spatial heterogeneity has been detected using various conventional and spatial models, including the Poisson‐Gamma model, the Poisson‐Lognormal Model, the Conditional Autoregressive (CAR) model, the Convolution model, and the BYM2 model, respectively. These models are implemented using Gibbs sampling and other Bayesian hierarchical approaches to analyze the posterior distribution effectively, enabling inference within a Bayesian context.ResultsThe study's findings show that Moran and Geary analysis provides a substantial clustering pattern of positive spatial autocorrelation of dengue fever (DF) rates between surrounding districts at a 90% confidence interval. The Local Indicators of Spatial Autocorrelation cluster mapped spatial clusters and outliers based on prevalence rates, while the local Getis‐Ord G displayed a thorough breakdown of high or low rates, omitting outliers. Although Chattogram had the most dengue cases (15,752), Khulna district had a higher prevalence rate (133.636) than Chattogram (104.796). The BYM2 model, determined to be well‐fitted based on the lowest Deviance Information Criterion value (527.340), explains a significant association between spatial heterogeneity and prevalence rates.ConclusionThis research pinpoints the district with the highest prevalence rate for dengue and the neighboring districts that also have high risk, allowing government agencies and communities to take the necessary precautions to mollify the risk effect of DF.