bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Germanate Compound Constructed from Dissymmetric Ge7 Chains and Metal Complexes
Authors: Ren Xiaoyan , Li Yi , Shao Lang , Yu Jihong , Xu Ruren 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAbstract. A novel germanate compound, |[Ni(dien)2]3(H2O)3|[Ge7O13F5]2(designated JU‐85, dien = diethylenetriamine), was solvothermally synthesized. The structure of JU‐85 was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and further characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction, inductively coupled plasma, infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. JU‐85 has dissymmetric chains constructed from diagonally linked Ge7 building units and various Ni(dien)22+ complexes formed in situ during the synthesis. Compared with its structural analogue, FJ‐6, JU‐85 contains less complex cations and different host‐guest assembly. Besides the diagonal linkage in JU‐85, other dissymmetric linkages of Ge7 building units were enumerated, which could be used as the stereogenic centers for the design of novel chiral germanate compounds.
Proving termination of nonlinear command sequences
Authors: Babić Domagoj , Cook Byron , Hu Alan J. , Rakamarić Zvonimir 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
We describe a simple and efficient algorithm for proving the termination of a class of loops with nonlinear assignments to variables. The method is based on divergence testing for each variable in the cone-of-influence of the loop’s condition. The analysis allows us to automatically prove the termination of loops that cannot be handled using previous techniques. We also describe a method for integrating our nonlinear termination proving technique into a larger termination proving framework that depends on linear reasoning.
Selecting the best targeted agent in first‐line treatment of unresectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer: does the bench have the answers?
Authors: Benhaim L. , Loupakis F. , LaBonte M.J. , Lenz H.J. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractFor physicians facing patients with organ‐limited metastases from colorectal cancer, tumor shrinkage and sterilization of micrometastatic disease is the main goal, giving the opportunity for secondary surgical resection. At the same time, for the majority of patients who will not achieve a sufficient tumor response, disease control remains the predominant objective. Since FOLFOX or FOLFIRI have similar efficacies, the challenge is to define which could be the most effective targeted agent (anti‐EGFR or anti‐VEGF) to reach these goals. Therefore, a priori molecular identification of patients that could benefit from anti‐EGFR or anti‐VEGF monoclonal antibodies (i.e. the currently approved targeted therapies for metastatic colorectal cancer) is of critical importance. In this setting, the KRAS mutation status was the first identified predictive marker of response to anti‐EGFR therapy. Since it has been demonstrated that tumors with KRAS mutation do not respond to anti‐EGFR therapy, KRAS status must be determined prior to treatment. Thus, for KRAS wild‐type patients, the choices that remain are either anti‐VEGF or anti‐EGFR. In this review, we present the most updated data from translational research programs dealing with the identification of biomarkers for response to targeted therapies.
Application of Green Commercial Surfactant in Preparing Purely Acrylic Latex via Semi‐continuous Seeded Emulsion Polymerization
Authors: Chen Lijun 
Published: June 2012

AbstractNonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEOs) are widely used as surfactants for emulsion polymerization and for post adding stabilization for latex applications in formulations with high filler content. However, NPEOs are bioaccumulative and persistent in the environment while nonylphenol, the breakdown product of NPEs, is an endrocrine disruptor. Therefore, it has been recommended to ban technical processes using NPEOs as surfactants. The acrylic polymer latex was prepared via semi‐continuous seeded emulsion polymerization of butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate in water phase initiated with potassium persulfate when nonylphenol ethoxylates are replaced with alkyl polyglycoside (APG) surfactants. The structure of the resultant acrylic polymer latex is confirmed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectrum. Differential scanning calorimetry confirms that the resultant latex is a kind of random copolymer and the consistency among the chain segment is fairly good. Influences of amount of APG on the properties of the resultant latex and its film were investigated. Results show that the particle size of the latex is decreased with the increase of the amount of APG. And the ionic stability of latex is also improved with the increase of the amount of APG. However, the water‐resistance of the film of the latex is decreased with the increase of the amount of APG.
The Stokes conjecture for waves with vorticity
Authors: Varvaruca Eugen , Weiss Georg S. 
Published: June 2012

We study stagnation points of two-dimensional steady gravity free-surface water waves with vorticity.

We obtain for example that, in the case where the free surface is an injective curve, the asymptotics at any stagnation point is given either by the “Stokes corner flow” where the free surface has a
corner of
120°, or the free surface ends in a
horizontal cusp
, or the free surface is
horizontally flat
at the stagnation point. The cusp case is a new feature in the case with vorticity, and it is not possible in the absence of vorticity.

In a second main result we exclude horizontally flat singularities in the case that the vorticity is 0 on the free surface. Here the vorticity may have infinitely many sign changes accumulating at the free surface, which makes this case particularly difficult and explains why it has been almost untouched by research so far.
Our results are based on calculations in the original variables and do not rely on structural assumptions needed in previous results such as isolated singularities, symmetry and monotonicity.
Uncertainties in the assessment of the isotopic composition of surface fluxes: A direct comparison of techniques using laser‐based water vapor isotope analyzers
Authors: Good Stephen P. , Soderberg Keir , Wang Lixin , Caylor Kelly K. 
Published: June 2012

The isotopic composition of surface fluxes is a key environmental tracer currently estimated with a variety of methods, including: Keeling mixing models, the flux‐gradient technique, and eddy covariance. We present a direct inter‐comparison of these three methods used to estimate the isotopic ratio of water vapor in surface fluxes (δET) over half‐hour periods, with a focus on the statistical uncertainty of each method We develop expressions for a function of instrument precision, sample size, and atmospheric conditions. Uncertainty estimators are validated with high frequency (1 Hz) data from multiple configurations of commercial off‐axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy (ICOS) systems. We find measurement techniques utilizing the high frequency capabilities of ICOS system outperform those methods where a single average of the isotopic composition is obtained at each height, with improvements attributed to large sample counts and increased variation in observed concentrations. Analytically, and with supporting data, we show that over 30 minute periods the Keeling plot and flux‐gradient techniques produce nearly identicalδET and values, while eddy covariance calculations always introduce more uncertainty given the same high frequency data. This additional uncertainty is proportional to the reciprocal of the correlation coefficient between vertical wind speed and water vapor mixing ratio. Finally, given the inverse relationship between δET uncertainties and the range of water vapor observed, we propose that experimental designs should attempt to maximize both sample count and the coefficient of variation in atmospheric water vapor.
New constraints on European glacial freshwater releases to the North Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Eynaud Frédérique , Malaizé Bruno , Zaragosi Sébastien , de Vernal Anne , Scourse James , Pujol Claude , Cortijo Elsa , Grousset Francis E. , Penaud Aurélie , Toucanne Samuel , Turon Jean‐Louis , Auffret Gérard 
Published: June 2012

During the late Quaternary, both external and internal forcings have driven major climatic shifts from glacial to interglacial conditions. Nonlinear climatic steps characterized the transitions leading to these extrema, with intermediate excursions particularly well expressed in the dynamics of the Northern Hemisphere cryosphere. Here we document the impact of these dynamics on the north‐eastern North Atlantic Ocean, focussing on the 35–10 ka interval. Sea‐surface salinities have been reconstructed quantitatively based on two independent methods from core MD95‐2002, recovered from the northern Bay of Biscay adjacent to the axis of the Manche paleoriver outlet and thus in connection with proximal European ice sheets and glaciers. Quantitative reconstructions deriving from dinocyst and planktonic foraminiferal analyses have been combined within a robust chronology to assess the amplitude and timing of hydrological changes in this region. Our study evidences strong pulsed freshwater discharges which may have impacted the North Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation.
Regional extent of the large coseismic slip zone of the 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku‐Oki earthquake delineated by on‐fault aftershocks
Authors: Kato Aitaro , Igarashi Toshihiro 
Published: June 2012

Since the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki earthquake, many fault source models have been constructed using a variety of data, such as teleseismic, strong ground motion, geodetic, and tsunami recordings. However, questions remain as to how far the associated large‐slip zone extended along the plate interface during the rupture. Here we delineate the outer edge of this large‐slip zone in detail, based on the sharp density contrast observed for interplate, repeating, and down‐dip compressional earthquakes induced by the Tohoku‐Oki mainshock. The seismicity rate of interplate earthquakes changed significantly after the mainshock, probably as a result of stress perturbations by the large‐slip, and here we use this information as qualitative constraints in constructing our model. The model that we present for the large‐slip zone of the Tohoku‐Oki earthquake incorporates the main features of previously proposed fault source models, and also the observed fine‐scale heterogeneities of fault slip associated with this event. It is important to highlight that the outer edge of this large‐slip zone shows a remarkably complex shape. In particular, it is narrow and elongate southward along the ~35 km iso‐depth contour of the plate boundary offshore of Fukushima and Ibaraki. This southward elongate slip zone corresponds to down‐dip regions that appear to have produced higher relative levels of short‐period seismic radiation.
Subglacial melt channels and fracture in the floating part of Pine Island Glacier, Antarctica
Authors: Vaughan David G. , Corr Hugh F. J. , Bindschadler Robert A. , Dutrieux Pierre , Gudmundsson G. Hilmar , Jenkins Adrian , Newman Thomas , Vornberger Patricia , Wingham Duncan J. 
Published: June 2012

A dense grid of ice‐penetrating radar sections acquired over Pine Island Glacier, West Antarctica has revealed a network of sinuous subglacial channels, typically 500 m to 3 km wide, and up to 200 m high, in the ice‐shelf base. These subglacial channels develop while the ice is floating and result from melting at the base of the ice shelf. Above the apex of most channels, the radar shows isolated reflections from within the ice shelf. Comparison of the radar data with acoustic data obtained using an autonomous submersible, confirms that these echoes arise from open basal crevasses 50–100 m wide aligned with the subglacial channels and penetrating up to 1/3 of the ice thickness. Analogous sets of surface crevasses appear on the ridges between the basal channels. We suggest that both sets of crevasses were formed during the melting of the subglacial channels as a response to vertical flexing of the ice shelf toward the hydrostatic condition. Finite element modeling of stresses produced after the formation of idealized basal channels indicates that the stresses generated have the correct pattern and, if the channels were formed sufficiently rapidly, would have sufficient magnitude to explain the formation of the observed basal and surface crevasse sets. We conclude that ice‐shelf basal melting plays a role in determining patterns of surface and basal crevassing. Increased delivery of warm ocean water into the sub‐ice shelf cavity may therefore cause not only thinning but also structural weakening of the ice shelf, perhaps, as a prelude to eventual collapse.
Coupling Fish Community Structure with Instream Flow and Habitat Connectivity between Two Hydrologically Extreme Years
Authors: Stanley Charles E. , Taylor Jason M. , King Ryan S. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractHydrologic variability and instream habitat connectivity play fundamental roles in structuring fish communities in lotic ecosystems. We collected fish assemblage and physical habitat data from 28 central Texas streams during the summers of 2006 (a drought year with minimal summer precipitation and low stream flow) and 2007 (an exceptionally wet year with periodic flooding in spring and sustained high flows throughout summer). We evaluated the correspondence between the magnitude of physical habitat and fish community composition change in stream reaches sampled in these two contrasting years using ordination, successional vector analysis, and indicator species analysis. In 2006, streams characterized by disconnected pools had different fish community structure and habitat characteristics than streams that had habitats connected by flowing water. The amount of interannual change in both fish community structure and habitat characteristics was greatest between streams that had disconnected pools in 2006 and their paired samples in 2007. Indicator species analysis identified species that had affinities to disconnected habitats during 2006, which included opportunistic life history strategists typical of temporary waters (western mosquitofish Gambusia affinis and blackstripe topminnow Fundulus notatus) and equilibrium strategists that rely on stable pool habitats for nesting (longear sunfish Lepomis megalotis and largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides). Conversely, indicator species of connected riffle–pool habitat included fluvial specialists (central stoneroller Campostoma anomalum, spotted bass Micropterus punctulatus, and bullhead minnow Pimephales vigilax). In summer 2007, the numbers of most species of fish declined markedly compared with 2006. Community structure between previously disconnected and connected stream types was also highly variable in 2007. However, strong recruitment of juveniles following spring flooding and sustained high summer flow significantly increased the frequency and abundance of two periodical strategists, channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus and flathead catfish Pylodictus olivaris in both types of streams in 2007. These findings provide important insights into how individual species’ life history strategies influence the response of fish community structure to extreme hydrologic events, which are likely to increase in frequency in many parts of the world due to climate change.
A Standardized Method and Analytical Approach for Predicting Female Reproductive Stage in Teleosts by Using Ovary Color and Female Characteristics
Authors: Peer A. C. , Selckmann G. M. , Miller T. J. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractDetermining and understanding patterns in the reproductive status of fishes are essential for assessing individual and population reproductive potential. The least biased method for determining reproductive stage is through the use of ovarian histology; however, this method can be time consuming and expensive. To overcome these restrictions, we developed models to predict the reproductive stage of female striped bass Morone saxatilis by using ovary color and other female characteristics. We provide a standardized and calibrated method for quantifying ovary color, and we outline an analytical approach that utilizes binary and ordinal logistic regression. Our results indicated that binary models had high accuracy (<6% error) in distinguishing between the regressing phase (i.e., recently spawned) and the nonregressing phase (i.e., all other reproductive phases); we found even better accuracy (4% error) for ordinal models in discriminating among four nonregressing reproductive phases. All of the best‐fitting models required the inclusion of an ovary color variable and ovary energy density; however, good predictive accuracy was also obtained when we replaced ovary energy density with ovary percent water to produce models requiring minimal laboratory processing time and cost. Although tested on striped bass, our method could be used to develop similar models for other species.
scrazzl: semantic technology for evaluating research tools and products in scholarly literature
Authors: KAVANAGH David J. , PHILLIPS Paul 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTScholarly research content contains vast stores of valuable, untapped knowledge and records the practical experiences of millions of research scientists. Analysis of this data to create useful actionable information promises to yield not only significant benefits for individual researchers, but also to provide a valuable market intelligence tool for companies that view scientists as their main customers. This article outlines some of the work that we are doing to unlock the intrinsic value of research content for the benefit of readers and advertisers. We report some findings of our internal market research, which illustrates the importance of documentary evidence and collegial recommendations to scientists when it comes to evaluating materials for scientific research. Furthermore, we outline some of the steps that we are taking to deliver this valuable, structured information to scientists and customers, in a fashion that is commercially viable and mutually beneficial for our company and the publishers with which we work.
Promotion of research articles to the lay press: a summary of a three‐year project
Authors: MATHELUS Sharon , PITTMAN Ginny , YABLONSKI‐CREPEAU Jill 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTThe promotion of scholarly journal articles to journalists and bloggers via the dissemination of press releases generates a positive impact on the number of citations that publicized journal articles receive. Research by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. shows that article‐level publicity efforts and media coverage boosts downloads by an average of 1.8 times and were found to increase citations by as much as 2.0–2.2 times in the articles analyzed in this study. We evaluated scholarly journal articles published in nearly 100 Wiley journals, which were also covered in 296 press releases. The results in this case study suggest a need for greater investment in media support for scholarly journals publishing research that sparks interest to a broad news audience, as it could increase citations.
First Report of Damping-off Caused by Alternaria japonica on Chinese Cabbage Seedlings in China
Authors: Ren X. X. , Zhang G. Z. , Dai W. A. 
Published: June 2012

In May 2011, samples of Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. subsp. chinensis Markino) seedlings at the two-to four-leaf stage with damping-off symptoms were collected from greenhouses in the Tibet Autonomous Region of China. Infected stems of the seedlings were constricted at or near the soil surface. On diseased stems, a light to dark brown coloration was demarcated from healthy tissue. Damping-off and death of seedlings occurred as the lesions enlarged, resulting in a significant reduction of seedlings. Diseased stems were cut into 3-mm-long segments, surface-sterilized with 3.5% sodium hypochlorite for 1 min, and rinsed in sterilized water three times before being placed on water agar. A fungus frequently isolated from diseased plants was hyphal tipped under a dissecting microscope and transferred onto potato dextrose agar (PDA) to obtain a pure culture. The isolate grew slowly on PDA at 25°C with a 12-h photoperiod. The colony was white at first and gradually turned gray or grayish-green. No conidia or chlamydospores developed. However, conidia were produced on potato-carrot agar. Conidia were yellow-brown, obpyriform or obpyriform with beaks, had two to eight transverse septa, one to three vertical or oblique septa, and were produced solitarily or often in chains of two or three and measured 43.5 to 85.2 × 21.5 to 28.0 μm. A few conidia without beaks were also present and were nearly round and slightly smaller than the conidia with beaks. Several adjacent chlamydospores with thickened walls were often intercalary. The isolate was tentatively identified as Alternaria japonica based on its morphological characteristics (1,2). For molecular analyses, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of ribosomal DNA from the isolate were amplified with universal primers ITS1 and ITS4. The resulting sequence (Accession No. JN654465) submitted to GenBank had a 99% identity to that of A. japonica (Accession No. AY154703.1) isolated from leaves of Raphanus sativus. To confirm the pathogenicity of A. japonica, nine healthy 10-day-old Chinese cabbage seedlings were inoculated at the stem base with one PDA plug from a 6-day-old culture, with nine noninoculated (PDA plus only) seedlings serving as controls. Two days after inoculation, symptoms similar to those on the naturally infected plants developed on the inoculated seedlings. No symptoms developed on the controls. The pathogen was reisolated from the stems of inoculated and diseased seedlings. To our knowledge, this is the first report of A. japonica leading to damping off on Chinese cabbage seedlings in China. References: (1) M. P. Corlett and M. E. Corlett. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 21:298, 1999. (2) T. Y. Zhang. Flora Fungorum Sinicorum: Alternaria (in Chinese) Vol. 16. Science Press, Beijing, 2003.
Expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of the human NORE1 SARAH domain
Authors: Kim Hye Jin , Hwang Eunha , Han Young-Hyun , Choi Saehae , Lee Woo Cheol , Kim Hye-Yeon , Jeon Young Ho , Cheong Chaejoon , Cheong Hae-Kap 
Published: June 2012

NORE1 is an important tumour suppressor in human cancers that interacts with the pro-apoptotic protein kinase MST1/2 through SARAH domains. The SARAH domain (residues 366–413) of human NORE1 was expressed inEscherichia coli, purified and crystallized using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method. The crystal diffracted to 2.7 Å resolution and belonged to space groupP6122, with unit-cell parametersa=b= 73.041,c = 66.092 Å, α = β = 90, γ = 120°.