bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A lectin‐based gold nanoparticle assay for probing glycosylation of glycoproteins
Authors: Sánchez‐Pomales Germarie , Morris Todd A. , Falabella James B. , Tarlov Michael J. , Zangmeister Rebecca A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe report a glycoanalysis method in which lectins are used to probe the glycans of therapeutic glycoproteins that are adsorbed on gold nanoparticles. A model mannose‐presenting glycoprotein, ribonuclease B (RNase B), and the therapeutic monoclonal antibody (mAb) rituximab, were found to adsorb spontaneously and non‐specifically to bare gold nanoparticles such that glycans were accessible for lectin binding. Addition of a multivalent binding lectin, such as concanavalin A (Con A), to a solution of the modified gold nanoparticles resulted in cross‐linking of the nanoparticles. This phenomenon was evidenced within 1 min by a change in the hydrodynamic diameter, DH, measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and a shift and increase in absorbance of the plasmon resonance band of the gold nanoparticles. By combining the sugar‐binding specificity and the cross‐linking capabilities of lectins, the non‐specific adsorption of glycoproteins to gold surfaces, and the unique optical reporting properties of gold nanoparticles, a glycosylation pattern of rituximab could be generated. This assay provides advantages over currently used glycoanalysis methods in terms of short analysis time, simplicity of the conjugation method, convenience of simple spectroscopic detection, and feasibility of providing glycan characterization of the protein drug product by using a variety of binding lectins. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012;109: 2240–2249. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bioökonomie contra Biodiversität?
Authors: Tscharntke Teja 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAngesichts eines Anstieges der Weltbevölkerung auf bald neun Milliarden Menschen fordert unter anderem die Ernährungs‐ und Landwirtschaftsorganisation der Vereinten Nationen (FAO) eine Steigerung der Nahrungsmittelproduktion um 70 bis 100% und damit eine Intensivierung der Landwirtschaft. Gleichzeitig befinden wir uns in der UN‐Dekade der Biodiversität, in der der schleichende Artenschwund aufgehalten werden soll. Wie passt das zusammen? Es gibt Lösungen, so der Agrarökologe Teja Tscharntke, aber diese sind vielschichtig. Den Einsatz gentechnisch veränderter Pflanzen sieht er als ein sinnvolles Werkzeug – aber nicht als Allheilmittel.
Leuchtbakterien locken Zooplankton und Fische an
Authors: Sander Johannes 
Published: April 2012

AbstractViele Bakterien sind zum Leuchten befähigt. Leben sie als Symbionten von Tieren, so bietet dies ihren Wirten einen Vorteil. Doch weshalb leuchten auch freilebende Bakterien? Zumindest in einigen Fällen sichern sie so ihre Verbreitung.
Mut zur Nachhaltigkeit: Impulse für einen gesellschaftlichen Diskurs
Authors: Petrischak Hannes 
Published: April 2012

AbstractDie Bildungsinitiative “Mut zur Nachhaltigkeit” zeigt mit vielen Aktivitäten und unter Einbindung von Wissenschaftlern unterschiedlicher Disziplinen auf, dass eine Kurskorrektur unserer Gesellschaften in Richtung Nachhaltigkeit dringend notwendig und trotz vieler Rückschläge möglich ist. Ins Leben gerufen wurde die Initiative von dem ehemaligen METRO‐Vorstandssprecher Klaus Wiegandt mit seiner Stiftung “Forum für Verantwortung”.
Explaining the decrease in mortality from abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture
Authors: Anjum A , von Allmen R , Greenhalgh R , Powell J T 
Published: April 2012

Abstract

Background
A steady rise in mortality from abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) was reported in the 1980s and 1990s, although this is now declining rapidly. Reasons for the recent decline in mortality from AAA rupture are investigated here.

Methods
Routine statistics for mortality, hospital admissions and procedures in England and Wales were investigated. All data were age-standardized. Trends in smoking, hypertension and treatment for hypercholesterolaemia (statins), together with regression coefficients for mortality, were available from public sources for those aged at least 65 years. Deaths from ruptured AAA avoided in this age group were estimated by using the IMPACT equation: deaths avoided = (deaths in index year) × (risk factor decline) × β-coefficient.

Results
From 1997, deaths from ruptured AAA have decreased sharply, almost twofold in men. Hospital admissions for elective AAA repair have increased modestly (from 40 to 45 per 100 000 population), attributable entirely to more procedures in those aged 75 years and over (P &lt; 0·001). Admissions for ruptured AAA have declined from 18·6 to 13·5 per 100 000 population, across all ages, with the proportion offered and surviving emergency repair unchanged. From 1997, mortality from ruptured aneurysm in those aged at least 65 years has fallen from 65·9 to 44·6 per 100 000 population. An estimated 8–11 deaths per 100 000 population were avoided by a reduced prevalence of smoking and a similar number from an increase in the number of elective AAA repairs. Estimates for the effects of blood pressure and lipid control are uncertain.

Conclusion
The reduction in incidence of ruptured AAA since 1997 is attributable largely to changes in smoking prevalence and increases in elective AAA repair in those aged 75 years and over.
Novel Molluskan Biomineralization Proteins Retrieved from Proteomics: A Case Study with Upsalin
Authors: Ramos‐Silva Paula , Benhamada Sana , Le Roy Nathalie , Marie Benjamin , Guichard Nathalie , Zanella‐Cléon Isabelle , Plasseraud Laurent , Corneillat Marion , Alcaraz Gérard , Kaandorp Jaap , Marin Frédéric 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe formation of the molluskan shell is regulated by an array of extracellular proteins secreted by the calcifying epithelial cells of the mantle. These proteins remain occluded within the recently formed biominerals. To date, many shell proteins have been retrieved, but only a few of them, such as nacreins, have clearly identified functions. In this particular case, by combining molecular biology and biochemical approaches, we performed the molecular characterization of a novel protein that we named Upsalin, associated with the nacreous shell of the freshwater musselUnio pictorum. The full sequence of the upsalin transcript was obtained by RT‐PCR and 5′/3′ RACE, and the expression pattern of the transcript was studied by PCR and qPCR. Upsalin is a 12 kDa protein with a basic theoretical pI. The presence of Upsalin in the shell was demonstrated by extraction of the acetic‐acid‐soluble nacre matrix, purification of a shell protein fraction by mono‐dimensional preparative SDS‐PAGE, and by submitting this fraction, after trypsic digestion, to nano‐LC‐MS/MS. In vitro experiments with the purified protein showed that it interferes poorly with the precipitation of calcium carbonate. Homology searches also could not affiliate Upsalin to any other protein of known function, leaving open the question of its exact role in shell formation. An antibody raised against an immunogenic peptide of Upsalin was found to be specific to this protein and was subsequently assayed for immunogold localization of the target protein in the shell, revealing the ubiquitous presence of Upsalin in the nacreous and prismatic layers. Recently, with the application of high‐throughput proteomic studies to shells, the number of candidate proteins without clear functions has been increasing exponentially. The Upsalin example highlights the crucial need, for the scientific community dealing with biomineralization in general, to dedicate the coming years to designing experimental approaches, such as gene silencing, that focus on the functions of mineral‐associated proteins.
Solids Holdup of High Flux Circulating Fluidized Bed at Elevated Pressure
Authors: Yin S. , Jin B. , Zhong W. , Lu Y. , Zhang Y. , Shao Y. , Liu H. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractExperimental studies on the solids holdup of a high‐flux circulating fluidized bed (HFCFB) at an operating pressure up to 0.5 MPa were carried out. The effects of operating pressure, solids mass flux and superficial gas velocity on the solids holdup distribution were systematically tested. It was found that the solids holdup at elevated pressure increases with increasing solids mass flux but decreases with increasing superficial gas velocity, which is similar to the trends at atmospheric condition. As a result, the condition of a high‐density circulating fluidized bed (HDCFB), i.e., solids holdup in everywhere of the riser is larger than 10 %) is easier to be achieved at elevated pressure than in a HDCFB operated at atmospheric pressure. In the current work, the condition of a full HDCFB with Geldart group B particles has been achieved successfully at 0.5 MPa.
Rational Design and Synthesis of Optimized Glycoclusters for Multivalent Lectin–Carbohydrate Interactions: Influence of the Linker Arm
Authors: Cecioni Samy , Praly Jean‐Pierre , Matthews Susan E. , Wimmerová Michaela , Imberty Anne , Vidal Sébastien 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe design of multivalent glycoclusters requires the conjugation of biologically relevant carbohydrate epitopes functionalized with linker arms to multivalent core scaffolds. The multigram‐scale syntheses of three structurally modified triethyleneglycol analogues that incorporate amide moiety(ies) and/or a phenyl ring offer convenient access to a series of carbohydrate probes with different water solubilities and rigidities. Evaluation of flexibility and determination of preferred conformations were performed by conformational analysis. Conjugation of the azido‐functionalized carbohydrates with tetra‐propargylated core scaffolds afforded a library of 18 tetravalent glycoclusters, in high yields, by CuI‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). The compounds were evaluated for their ability to bind to PA‐IL (the LecA lectin from the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Biochemical evaluation through inhibition of hemagglutination assays (HIA), enzyme‐linked lectin assays (ELLA), surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and isothermal titration microcalorimetry (ITC) revealed improved and unprecedented affinities for one of the monovalent probes (Kd=5.8 μM) and also for a number of the tetravalent compounds that provide several new nanomolar ligands for this tetrameric lectin.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Functionalization of Pyrroles and Indoles with Propargyl Alcohols
Authors: Thies Nora , Hrib Cristian G. , Haak Edgar 
Published: April 2012

AbstractSeveral ruthenium‐catalyzed atom‐economic transformations of propargyl alcohols with pyrroles or indoles leading to alkylated, propargylated, or annulated heteroaromatics are reported. The mechanistically distinct reactions are catalyzed by a single ruthenium(0) complex containing a redox‐coupled dienone ligand. The mode of activation regarding the propargyl alcohols determines the reaction pathway and depends on the alcohols’ substitution pattern. Secondary substrates form alkenyl complexes by a 1,2‐hydrogen shift, whereas the transformation of tertiary substrates involves allenylidene intermediates. 1‐Vinyl propargyl alcohols are converted by a cascade allylation/cyclization sequence. The environmentally benign processes are of broad scope and allow the selective synthesis of highly functionalized pyrroles and indoles generating water as the only waste product.
Waste Management between Thermal Treatment and Recycling
Authors: Simon Franz‐Georg , Keldenich Kai 
Published: April 2012

AbstractDie Abfallwirtschaft in Deutschland behandelt eine Menge von 359 Mio. Tonnen. Den größten Anteil haben Bau‐ und Abbruchabfälle mit 54 %. Die Behandlungsverfahren dafür unterscheiden sich stark von denen für Siedlungsabfälle. Gemäß Europäischer Abfallrichtlinie ist Recycling gegenüber einer energetischen Verwertung in der Hierarchie der Abfallbehandlungsverfahren höher bewertet. Bei der thermischen Behandlung entscheidet die Energieeffizienz des Verfahrens, ob eine Behandlung als Verwertung oder Beseitigung gilt. Nach dieser Richtlinie erfolgt die Berechnung der Energieeffizienz stark vereinfacht mit der sogenannten R1‐Formel. Veröffentlichte Daten zu Wärme‐ und Stromproduktion verschiedener thermischer Abfallbehandlungsanlagen werden mit der R1‐Formel und Daten aus der Literatur verglichen. Mengen und Entsorgungswege sowie Möglichkeiten zur Bewertung von Abfallbehandlungsverfahren werden diskutiert.
Alginsäuren als Schichtmaterial in Lithiumbatterien
Authors: Jaenicke Lothar 
Published: April 2012

AbstractEine typische Lithiumzelle besteht aus feinverteiltem elektroaktivem Li‐ und leitendem (meist Graphit)‐Material, suspendiert in einem polymeren anionischen Binder. Die Mischung wird auf die ableitende Metallfolie aufgebracht und getrocknet. Von dem Binder hängen, wie die Erfahrung zeigt, die Charakteristika der Batterie weitgehend ab.
Effects of brief stress exposure during early postnatal development in Balb/CByJ mice: II. Altered cortical morphology
Authors: Hohmann C.F. , Beard N.A. , Kari‐Kari P. , Jarvis N. , Simmons Q. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractEarly life experience can significantly determine later mental health status and cognitive function. Neonatal stress, in particular, has been linked to the etiology of mental health disorders as divergent as mood disorder, schizophrenia, and autism. Our study uses a Balb/CByJ mouse model to test the hypothesis, that neonatal stress will alter development and subsequent environmental modulation of neocortex. Using a split litter design, we generated stressed mice (STR) and within litter controls (LMC) along with age‐matched, untreated animals (AMC), to serve as across litter controls. Short, daily exposure to a psychosocial/physical stressor, during the first week of life, resulted by adulthood in significant changes in neocortical thickness and architecture, which were further modulated by exposure to behavioral testing. Surprisingly, cortical size in LMC mice was also affected. These observations were compared to the effects of environmental enrichment in the same mouse strain. Our data indicate that LMC and STR males share with environmentally enriched males, an increase in thickness in infra‐granular cortical layers, while STR also display a stress selective decrease in supragranular layers, in response to behavioral training as adults. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals,Inc. Dev Psychobiol 54: 723–735, 2012.
The Solution Chemistry of Cu2+–tren Complexes Revisited: Exploring the Role of Species That Are Not Trigonal Bipyramidal
Authors: Castillo Carmen E. , Algarra Andrés G. , Máñez M. Ángeles , Duboc Carole , Basallote Manuel G. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPotentiometric and spectrophotometric titrations indicate that aqueous solutions that contain equimolar amounts of Cu2+ and tren contain the HCuL3+, CuL2+ and CuL(OH)+ species and that their relative concentrations depend on the pH of the solution. The stability constants and the UV/Vis and EPR spectra of the three species have been determined. The position of the absorption maximum clearly corresponds to a trigonal bipyramidal (tbp) geometry for CuL2+, whereas for HCuL3+ and CuL(OH)+ there are also bands that could correspond to square pyramidal (sp) complexes, but the EPR spectra indicate that only HCuL3+ can be considered to be sp. When any of these species is mixed with an excess of acid, an intermediate is formed within the mixing time of the stopped‐flow technique. This intermediate undergoes complete decomposition in a second slower step. Interestingly, the spectrum of this intermediate is typical of sp geometry. Kinetic studies on complex formation in general indicate that complexation occurs in a single step, although under certain conditions an additional step has been observed that probably corresponds to the conversion of CuL2+ to HCuL3+, and the spectral changes indicate that the process involves structural reorganization from tbp to sp geometry. DFT and TD‐DFT calculations have been carried out for the three stable species, as well as for species in a higher protonation state. The results indicate that CuL2+ exists as a species with tetradentate tren and tbp geometry, although a wide range of distortions between the ideal tbp geometry and a geometry closer to sp is possible with a very modest energy cost. The energy change associated with hydrolysis of one of the Cu–N bonds to give a species with tridentate tren was found to be slightly higher than that previously found for a related ligand, which contains a substituent at one of the terminal amino groups. For CuL(OH)+, the calculations suggest that an equilibrium exists between species with essentially the same energy but different geometries, each one of the species is closer to one of the ideal tbp and sp limits. For HCuL3+, the relevance of the sp geometry was confirmed by the calculations.
Genetic disruption of Pten in a novel mouse model of tomaculous neuropathy
Authors: Goebbels Sandra , Oltrogge Jan H. , Wolfer Susanne , Wieser Georg L. , Nientiedt Tobias , Pieper Alexander , Ruhwedel Torben , Groszer Matthias , Sereda Michael W. , Nave Klaus‐Armin 
Published: April 2012

Abstract‘Tomacula’ and myelin outfoldings are striking neuropathological features of a diverse group of inherited demyelinating neuropathies. Whereas the underlying genetic defects are well known, the molecular mechanisms of tomacula formation have remained obscure. We hypothesized that they are caused by uncontrolled, excessive myelin membrane growth, a process, which is regulated in normal development by neuregulin‐1/ErbB2, PI3 Kinase signalling and ERK/MAPK signalling. Here, we demonstrate by targeted disruption of Pten in Schwann cells that hyperactivation of the endogenous PI3 Kinase pathway causes focal hypermyelination, myelin outfoldings and tomacula, even when induced in adult animals by tamoxifen, and is associated with progressive peripheral neuropathy. Activated AKT kinase is associated with PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 at paranodal loops and Schmidt–Lanterman incisures. This striking myelin pathology, with features of human CMT type 4B1 and HNPP, is dependent on AKT/mTOR signalling, as evidenced by a significant amelioration of the pathology in mice treated with rapamycin. We suggest that regions of non‐compact myelin are under lifelong protection by PTEN against abnormal membrane outgrowth, and that dysregulated phosphoinositide levels play a critical role in the pathology of tomaculous neuropathies.
Tunnel San Fedele
Authors: Fasani Martina , Ammann Eduard , Rüttimann Markus 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe Roveredo bypass project will divert the national road A13 away from the village and includes three construction sections. The heart of the Roveredo bypass is the 2,391 m long two‐lane San Fedele Tunnel, which will carry traffic in both directions. Parallel to the tunnel, a safety tunnel is being constructed with an excavation diameter of 4 m. This will be linked to the tunnel every 300 m.Das Projekt Umfahrung Roveredo sieht eine Verlegung der Nationalstraße A13 aus dem Dorfbereich vor und umfasst drei Hauptabschnitte. Kernstück der Umfahrung Roveredo ist der 2.391 m lange, zweispurige Tunnel San Fedele, der im Gegenverkehr betrieben wird. Parallel zum Tunnel wird ein Sicherheitsstollen mit einem Ausbruchdurchmesser von 4 m erstellt. Dieser wird alle 300 m mit dem Tunnel verbunden.
Involvement of protein kinase D in uridine diphosphate‐induced microglial macropinocytosis and phagocytosis
Authors: Uesugi Ayumi , Kataoka Ayako , Tozaki‐Saitoh Hidetoshi , Koga Yui , Tsuda Makoto , Robaye Bernard , Boeynaems Jean‐Marie , Inoue Kazuhide 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe clearance of tissue debris by microglia is a crucial component of maintaining brain homeostasis. Microglia continuously survey the brain parenchyma and utilize extracellular nucleotides to trigger the initiation of their dynamic responses. Extracellular uridine diphosphate (UDP), which leaks or is released from damaged neurons, has been reported to stimulate the phagocytotic activity of microglia through P2Y6 receptor activation. However, the intracellular mechanisms underlying microglial P2Y6 receptor signals have not been identified. In this study, we demonstrated that UDP stimulation induced immediate and long‐lasting dynamic movements in the cell membrane. After 60 min of UDP stimulation, there was an upregulation in the number of large vacuoles formed in the cell that incorporate extracellular fluorescent‐labeled dextran, which indicates microglial macropinocytosis. In addition, UDP‐induced vacuole formation and continuous membrane motility were suppressed by the protein kinase D (PKD) inhibitors, Gö6976 and CID755673, unlike Gö6983, which is far less sensitive to PKD. The inhibition of PKD also reduced UDP‐induced incorporation of fluorescent‐labeled dextran and soluble β‐amyloid and phagocytosis of microspheres. UDP induced rapid phosphorylation and membrane translocation of PKD, which was abrogated by the inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) with Gö6983. However, Gö6983 failed to suppress UDP‐induced incorporation of microspheres. Finally, we found that inhibition of PKD by CID755673 significantly suppressed UDP‐induced engulfment of IgG‐opsonized microspheres. These data suggest that a PKC‐independent function of PKD regulates UDP‐induced membrane movement and contributes to the increased uptake of extracellular fluid and microspheres in microglia. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Role of hyaluronan synthase 2 to promote CD44‐dependent oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma progression
Authors: Wang Steven J. , Earle Christine , Wong Gabriel , Bourguignon Lilly Y. W. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackgroundCD44 is a transmembrane receptor found on many different benign and malignant cells. Hyaluronan (HA), a major component of the extracellular matrix, is the primary ligand for CD44 receptors. In cancer cells, HA interaction with CD44 promotes multiple signaling pathways that influence tumor cell progression behaviors in a variety of solid tumors. Increasing evidence indicates that HA and CD44 signaling play an important role in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma progression. HA is primarily synthesized by hyaluronan synthases, and the current study investigated the role of hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS 2) in oral cavity carcinoma progression behaviors.MethodsAnalysis of HAS 2 mRNA and protein expression, HA production, and HAS 2–mediated tumor cell proliferation and migration behaviors with and without HAS 2 suppression were carried out on 2 established oral cavity cancer cell lines. Immunohistochemical analysis of HAS 2 and CD44 expression in oral cavity carcinoma tumor specimens was performed.ResultsHAS 2 was expressed in the 2 oral cancer cell lines, HSC‐3 and SCC‐4. Suppression of HAS 2 expression resulted in CD44‐dependent decreased tumor cell migration, decreased tumor cell growth, and increased cisplatin sensitivity, suggesting the importance of tumor cell HA production to promote in vitro tumor progression behaviors in oral cancer cells. Increased HAS 2 expression in oral cavity carcinoma clinical specimens was associated with poor clinicopathologic characteristics and worse disease‐free survival.ConclusionsHAS 2 may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of oral cavity cancer. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013