bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptomics of shading-induced and NAA-induced abscission in apple (Malus domestica) reveals a shared pathway involving reduced photosynthesis, alterations in carbohydrate transport and signaling and hormone crosstalk
Authors: Zhu Hong , Dardick Chris D , Beers Eric P , Callanhan Ann M , Xia Rui , Yuan Rongcai 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackgroundNaphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), a synthetic auxin analogue, is widely used as an effective thinner in apple orchards. When applied shortly after fruit set, some fruit abscise leading to improved fruit size and quality. However, the thinning results of NAA are inconsistent and difficult to predict, sometimes leading to excess fruit drop or insufficient thinning which are costly to growers. This unpredictability reflects our incomplete understanding of the mode of action of NAA in promoting fruit abscission.ResultsHere we compared NAA-induced fruit drop with that caused by shading via gene expression profiling performed on the fruit abscission zone (FAZ), sampled 1, 3, and 5 d after treatment. More than 700 genes with significant changes in transcript abundance were identified from NAA-treated FAZ. Combining results from both treatments, we found that genes associated with photosynthesis, cell cycle and membrane/cellular trafficking were downregulated. On the other hand, there was up-regulation of genes related to ABA, ethylene biosynthesis and signaling, cell wall degradation and programmed cell death. While the differentially expressed gene sets for NAA and shading treatments shared only 25% identity, NAA and shading showed substantial similarity with respect to the classes of genes identified. Specifically, photosynthesis, carbon utilization, ABA and ethylene pathways were affected in both NAA- and shading-induced young fruit abscission. Moreover, we found that NAA, similar to shading, directly interfered with leaf photosynthesis by repressing photosystem II (PSII) efficiency within 10 minutes of treatment, suggesting that NAA and shading induced some of the same early responses due to reduced photosynthesis, which concurred with changes in hormone signaling pathways and triggered fruit abscission.ConclusionsThis study provides an extensive transcriptome study and a good platform for further investigation of possible regulatory genes involved in the induction of young fruit abscission in apple, which will enable us to better understand the mechanism of fruit thinning and facilitate the selection of potential chemicals for the thinning programs in apple.
TP53 mutation p.R337H in gastric cancer tissues of a 12-year-old male child - evidence for chimerism involving a common mutant founder haplotype: case report
Authors: da Silva Edaise M , W Achatz Maria Isabel , Martel-Planche Ghyslaine , Montagnini André L , Olivier Magali , Prolla Patricia A , Hainaut Pierre , Soares Fernando A 
Published: October 2011

Abstract

Background
Gastric adenocarcinoma is rare in children and adolescents, with about 17 cases under age 21 in the world's literature. We report a case of invasive well-differentiated metastatic gastric cancer in a Brazilian 12-year-old boy without documented familial history of cancer.

Case presentation
The patient, diagnosed with metastatic disease, died seven months after surgery. DNA from intra-surgical specimens revealed a TP53 mutation at codon 337 (p.R337H) in samples with neoplastic cells (dysplasia, tumor and metastasis) but not in non-transformed cells (incomplete intestinal metaplasia and non-involved celiac lymph node). In all mutation-positive tissues, p.R337H occurred on the same background, a founder allele identified by a specific haplotype previously described in Brazilian Li-Fraumeni syndrome patients. The same mutant haplotype, corresponding to a founder mutation present in 0.3% of the general population in Southern Brazil, was found in the genome of the father. Presence of this inherited haplotype in the tumor as well as in the father's germline, suggests a rare case of microchimerism in this patient, who may have harbored a small number of mutant cells originating in another individual, perhaps a dizygotic twin that died early in gestation.

Conclusion
This case represents one of the earliest ages at diagnosis of gastric cancer ever reported. It shows that cancer inheritance can occur in the absence of an obvious germline mutation, calling for caution in assessing early cancers in populations with common founder mutations such as p.R337H in Southern Brazil.
Structural studies of the PARP-1 BRCT domain
Authors: Loeffler Paul A , Cuneo Matthew J , Mueller Geoffrey A , DeRose Eugene F , Gabel Scott A , London Robert E 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackgroundPoly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is one of the first proteins localized to foci of DNA damage. Upon activation by encountering nicked DNA, the PARP-1 mediated trans-poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of DNA binding proteins occurs, facilitating access and accumulation of DNA repair factors. PARP-1 also auto-(ADP-ribosyl)ates its central BRCT-containing domain forming part of an interaction site for the DNA repair scaffolding protein X-ray cross complementing group 1 protein (XRCC1). The co-localization of XRCC1, as well as bound DNA repair factors, to sites of DNA damage is important for cell survival and genomic integrity.ResultsHere we present the solution structure and biophysical characterization of the BRCT domain of rat PARP-1. The PARP-1 BRCT domain has the globular α/β fold characteristic of BRCT domains and has a thermal melting transition of 43.0°C. In contrast to a previous characterization of this domain, we demonstrate that it is monomeric in solution using both gel-filtration chromatography and small-angle X-ray scattering. Additionally, we report that the first BRCT domain of XRCC1 does not interact significantly with the PARP-1 BRCT domain in the absence of ADP-ribosylation. Moreover, none of the interactions with other longer PARP-1 constructs which previously had been demonstrated in a pull-down assay of mammalian cell extracts were detected.ConclusionsThe PARP-1 BRCT domain has the conserved BRCT fold that is known to be an important protein:protein interaction module in DNA repair and cell signalling pathways. Data indicating no significant protein:protein interactions between PARP-1 and XRCC1 likely results from the absence of poly(ADP-ribose) in one or both binding partners, and further implicates a poly(ADP-ribose)-dependent mechanism for localization of XRCC1 to sites of DNA damage.
Characteristics of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer in Patients With a BRCA1 Mutation: Results From a Population-Based Study of Young Women
Authors: Lee Eunjung , McKean-Cowdin Roberta , Ma Huiyan , Spicer Darcy V. , Van Den Berg David , Bernstein Leslie , Ursin Giske 
Published: October 2011

Purpose Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are tumors with low or no expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. These tumors have a poor prognosis, remain a clinical challenge, and are more common among women with BRCA1 mutations. We tested whether there are distinguishing features of TNBC after BRCA1 mutation status has been taken into account. Patients and Methods We sequenced BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in a population-based sample of 1,469 patients with incident breast cancer age 20 to 49 years from Los Angeles County (California). Information on tumor receptor status was available for 1,167 women. Clinical, pathologic, and hormone-related lifestyle characteristics were compared across patient subgroups defined by BRCA1 mutation status and triple-negative receptor status. Results Forty-eight percent of BRCA1 mutation carriers had TNBC compared with only 12% of noncarriers. Within BRCA1 mutation carriers, as well as within noncarriers, triple-negative receptor status was associated with younger age at diagnosis and higher tumor grade. Among women without a BRCA1 mutation, we observed that women with TNBC had higher premenopausal body mass index and earlier age at first full-term pregnancy than those with non-TNBC. Age at menarche and other reproductive factors were not associated with triple-negative status regardless of BRCA1 mutation status. Within BRCA1 mutation carriers, Ashkenazi Jewish women were about five times more likely to have TNBC than non–Ashkenazi Jewish women. Conclusion Our results suggest that among BRCA1 mutation carriers, as among noncarriers, there are unique characteristics associated with the triple-negative subtype. The findings in Ashkenazi Jewish BRCA1 mutation carriers should be confirmed.
Five-Year Outcomes of a Randomized Phase III Trial Comparing Adjuvant Chemotherapy With S-1 Versus Surgery Alone in Stage II or III Gastric Cancer
Authors: Sasako Mitsuru , Sakuramoto Shinichi , Katai Hitoshi , Kinoshita Taira , Furukawa Hiroshi , Yamaguchi Toshiharu , Nashimoto Atsushi , Fujii Masashi , Nakajima Toshifusa , Ohashi Yasuo 
Published: October 2011

Purpose The first planned interim analysis (median follow-up, 3 years) of the Adjuvant Chemotherapy Trial of S-1 for Gastric Cancer confirmed that the oral fluoropyrimidine derivative S-1 significantly improved overall survival, the primary end point. The results were therefore opened at the recommendation of an independent data and safety monitoring committee. We report 5-year follow-up data on patients enrolled onto the ACTS-GC study. Patients and Methods Patients with histologically confirmed stage II or III gastric cancer who underwent gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy were randomly assigned to receive S-1 after surgery or surgery only. S-1 (80 to 120 mg per day) was given for 4 weeks, followed by 2 weeks of rest. This 6-week cycle was repeated for 1 year. The primary end point was overall survival, and the secondary end points were relapse-free survival and safety. Results The overall survival rate at 5 years was 71.7% in the S-1 group and 61.1% in the surgery-only group (hazard ratio [HR], 0.669; 95% CI, 0.540 to 0.828). The relapse-free survival rate at 5 years was 65.4% in the S-1 group and 53.1% in the surgery-only group (HR, 0.653; 95% CI, 0.537 to 0.793). Subgroup analyses according to principal demographic factors such as sex, age, disease stage, and histologic type showed no interaction between treatment and any characteristic. Conclusion On the basis of 5-year follow-up data, postoperative adjuvant therapy with S-1 was confirmed to improve overall survival and relapse-free survival in patients with stage II or III gastric cancer who had undergone D2 gastrectomy.
Motion analysis of total cervical disc replacements using computed tomography: Preliminary experience with nine patients and a model
Authors: Svedmark Per , Lundh Fredrik , Németh Gunnar , Noz Marilyn E , Maguire Gerald Q , Zeleznik Michael P , Olivecrona Henrik 
Published: October 2011

Background Cervical total disc replacement (CTDR) is an alternative to anterior fusion. Therefore, it is desirable to have an accurate in vivo measurement of prosthetic kinematics and assessment of implant stability relative to the adjacent vertebrae. Purpose To devise an in vivo CT-based method to analyze the kinematics of cervical total disc replacements (CTDR), specifically of two prosthetic components between two CT scans obtained under different conditions. Material and Methods Nine patients with CTDR were scanned in flexion and extension of the cervical spine using a clinical CT scanner with a routine low-dose protocol. The flexion and extension CT volume data were spatially registered, and the prosthetic kinematics of two prosthetic components, an upper and a lower, was calculated and expressed in Euler angles and orthogonal linear translations relative to the upper component. For accuracy analysis, a cervical spine model incorporating the same disc replacement as used in the patients was also scanned and processed in the same manner. Results Analysis of both the model and patients showed good repeatability, i.e. within 2 standard deviations of the mean using the 95% limits of agreement with no overlapping confidence intervals. The accuracy analysis showed that the median error was close to zero. Conclusion The mobility of the cervical spine after total disc replacement can be effectively measured in vivo using CT. This method requires an appropriate patient positioning and scan parameters to achieve suitable image quality.
Monitoring early response of lymph node metastases to radiotherapy in animal models: diffusion-weighted imaging vs. morphological MR imaging
Authors: Chen Jie , Sheng Jing , Xing Wei , Aoun Hussein , Chen Ming , Bi Heng-Liang , Tian Jian-Ming , Dai Yong-Ming 
Published: October 2011

Background Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) offers a non-invasive technique that can reveal microscopic details about the architecture of both normal and anomalous tissues. Some studies have confirmed DWI can detect the early changes of tumors that have originated from various organs, even after treatment. Purpose To compare the usefulness of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and morphologic magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for monitoring the therapeutic response of metastatic disease in lymph nodes to radiotherapy. Material and Methods Twenty-six rabbits (metastatic, n = 17; non-metastatic, n = 9) were divided into group A (metastatic, n = 10), group B (metastatic, n = 7) and group C (non-metastatic, n = 9). Groups A and C underwent irradiation, whereas group B was set as a reference. Standard MR imaging and DWI were performed before and 1, 3, and 7 days after radiotherapy for all rabbits. The lymph node volumes and ADCs were measured and evaluated with repeated measures ANOVA. The difference between group A and B was analyzed using Student's t-test. Results In all rabbits, a total of 35 lymph nodes were found, including 16 nodes in group A, 10 in group B and nine in group C. In group A, 3 and 7 days after therapy ADCs were significantly higher than pre-treatment and 1 day after therapy ( P < 0.05). For groups A and B, a significant difference of ADCs was present 7 days after therapy. A significant difference of variation of ADCs among the three groups was also present ( P < 0.001). Conclusion DWI is superior to morphological MRI in monitoring early radiation response in animal models.
Increased myocardial fibrosis and left ventricular dysfunction in Cushing's syndrome
Authors: Yiu Kai Hang , Ajmone Marsan Nina , Delgado Victoria , Biermasz Nienke R , Holman Eduard R , Smit Johannes W A , Feelders Richard A , Bax Jeroen J , Pereira Alberto M 
Published: October 2011

ObjectiveActive Cushing's syndrome (CS) is associated with cardiomyopathy, characterized by myocardial structural, and ultrastructural abnormalities. The extent of myocardial fibrosis in patients with CS has not been previously evaluated. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess myocardial fibrosis in CS patients, its relationship with left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and function, and its reversibility after surgical treatment.Design and methodsFifteen consecutive CS patients (41±12 years) were studied together with 30 hypertensive (HT) patients (matched for LV hypertrophy) and 30 healthy subjects. Echocardiography was performed in all patients including i) LV systolic function assessment by conventional measures and by speckle tracking-derived global longitudinal strain, ii) LV diastolic function assessment using E/E′, and iii) myocardial fibrosis assessment using calibrated integrated backscatter (IBS). Echocardiography was repeated after normalization of cortisol secretion (14±3 months).ResultsCS patients showed the highest value of calibrated IBS (−15.1±2.5 dB) compared with HT patients (−20.0±2.6 dB,P<0.01) and controls (−23.8±2.4 dB,P<0.01), indicating increased myocardial fibrosis independent of LV hypertrophy. Moreover, calibrated IBS in CS patients was significantly related to both diastolic function (E/E′,r=0.79,P<0.01) and systolic function (global longitudinal strain,r=0.60,P=0.02). After successful surgical treatment, calibrated IBS normalized (−21.0±3.8 vs −15.1±2.5 dB,P<0.01), suggestive of regression of myocardial fibrosis.ConclusionsPatients with CS have increased myocardial fibrosis, which is related to LV systolic and diastolic dysfunction. Successful treatment of CS normalizes the extent of myocardial fibrosis. Therefore, myocardial fibrosis appears to be an important factor in the development and potential regression of CS cardiomyopathy.
Medical Home and Out-of-Pocket Medical Costs for Children With Special Health Care Needs
Authors: Porterfield Shirley L. , DeRigne LeaAnne 
Published: October 2011

OBJECTIVE:
We examined key factors that affect out-of-pocket medical expenditures per $1000 of household income for children with special health care needs (CSHCN) with a broad range of conditions, controlling for insurance type and concentrating on the potentially moderating role of the medical home.

METHODS:
A Heckman selection model was used to estimate whether the medical home influenced out-of-pocket medical costs per $1000 of household income for children covered by either private or public health insurance. Data from the 2005–2006 National Survey of CSHCN (N = 31 808) were used.

RESULTS:
For families that incurred out-of-pocket medical costs for their CSHCN, these costs represented 2.2% to 3.9% of income. Both insurance type and the medical home had significant effects on out-of-pocket costs. Lower out-of-pocket medical costs per $1000 of income were incurred by children with public insurance and those receiving care coordination services.

CONCLUSIONS:
Families with CSHCN incur lower out-of-pocket medical costs when their children receive health care in a setting in which the care-coordination component of the medical home is in place.
Nanodot Formation in Thermally Annealed UHV-RTCVD Grown Si1-XGeX Epitaxial Layers on Silicon for Photovoltaics
Authors: Karoui Abdennaceur , Ethiraj Anita S. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTThe surface and interface of SiGe layers on Si were found to incur drastic changes during layer rapid growth and post-growth rapid annealing. As deposited and thermal annealed samples were characterized using Energy dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX) enhanced by Monte Carlo simulation for precise evaluation of Ge concentration. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) data exhibited a small shift of the SiGe (400) peak towards low 2θ values, which was attributed, primarily, to change in the Ge concentration. Confocal Raman Spectroscopy of samples showed regions of high and low strain that resulted from fluctuations in Ge concentrations. Nano- and submicronpyramidal features at the surface of Si1-xGex layers (x=17% and 28%) were revealed by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and SEM. Additionally, pyramidal nanodots were revealed for [Ge]=17% samples and high density nanostructure for 28% appeared along the crosshatch strain pattern induced by misfit dislocations, when annealed at 700°C and 900°C, respectively. The observed Ge-rich nano-features, which were obtained with low thermal budget low cost techniques, are expected to be useful for bandgap engineering and third generation solar cells.
Alteration of secretory IgA in human breast milk and stool samples after the intake of a probiotic — report of 2 cases
Authors: Nikolov Petar , Baleva Marta 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Only a few studies reveal immunological changes in breast milk after the intake of probiotic and none focus on secretory IgA (sIgA). The aim our report was to investigate the levels of sIgA in human breast milk and stools before and after 4 weeks of probiotic intake in a patient with ulcerative colitis (UC) and a control. The study included 2 lactating women: 1 with UC and 1 control. Both received daily 3.75 billion viable Lactobacillus bulgaricus for 28 days. SIgA was measured in breast milk and stools before and after the probiotic intake. The concentration of sIgA in breast milk before the probiotic intake in UC was 408.5 vs 137.4 µg/ml in contol. Fecal sIgA in UC was 420 vs 274 µg/ml in control. After 28 days of probiotic intake there was a decrease in breast milk sIgA in UC but an increase in control — 266.7 vs 914 µg/ml respectively. There was an increase in fecal sIgA both in UC and control — 674.4 vs 1033 µg/ml. It is tempting to speculate that the different sIgA secretion towards the probiotic may be a result of an altered mucosal immune response in UC.
Henna tattoo contact dermatitis — a report of four cases and brief review of the selected literature
Authors: Prcic Sonja , Matic Aleksandra , Matic Milan , Petrovic Aleksandra , Djuran Verica , Gajinov Zorica 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Temporary henna tattoos have recently become increasingly popular, especially among teenagers. Combining henna with other colouring agents such as para-phenylenediamine (PPD) may increase its potential for contact sensitization, cross-reaction to related compounds, as well as life-long allergy. Several cases of contact dermatitis from temporary tattoos with black henna have been reported in the literature. We present our experiences with 4 pediatric cases of allergic contact dermatitis induced by henna tattooing and give a brief review of the literature. The agent responsible for contact allergy was proven to be PPD in 3 patients, and in one patch testing revealed positive reactions to PPD and benzocaine, as well as to wool alcohols, nickel sulphate and potassium dichromate, to previously used hair dye—all being of clinical relevance.
Who Needs ACL Surgery? An Open Question
Authors: Snyder-Mackler Lynn , Risberg May Arna 
Published: October 2011

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries commonly occur with negative sequelae, including reduced activity in the short term and threats to long-term knee health. Nonoperative management of highly active individuals after ACL rupture is controversial. A recent randomized controlled trial, comparing structured rehabilitation and early surgery with structured rehabilitation and optional delayed surgery, demonstrated no significant differences between the 2 groups in patients' self-reported knee function 2 years after inclusion. Work identifying individuals with an anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee as copers and noncopers demonstrates considerable potential for success of nonoperative treatment in selected patients. However, the story is still incomplete. Many questions still need to be answered before we can prospectively, and with strong predictive ability, identify patients who can regain knee function with structured rehabilitation and no reconstructive surgery. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(10):706–707. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.0108
Du concept de spécificité militaire
Authors: Bardiès Laure 
Published: October 2011

Résumé Depuis le début des années 1980, le concept de spécificité militaire est régulièrement débattu au sein du milieu des spécialistes des thématiques militaires et de défense. Il est également parfois l’objet de critiques extérieures. L’objectif de cet article n’est pas de traiter de la plus ou moins grande spécificité des forces armées actuelles, mais de faire le point sur le concept lui-même et sur son maniement, en essayant de montrer que certaines divergences sont explicables par la présence d’éléments implicites dans les raisonnements, qu’il s’agisse de définitions différentes de la spécificité militaire ou d’effets de perspective dans les analyses.