bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case‐matching analysis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in racial and ethnic minorities in the United States—Possible role for human papillomavirus in survival disparities
Authors: Schrank Travis P. , Han Yimei , Weiss Heidi , Resto Vicente A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackground.Several studies have documented disparities in head and neck cancer outcomes for black patients in the United States. Recent studies have found that differences in oropharyngeal tumor human papillomavirus (HPV) status may be a cause of this disparity.Methods.In all, 76,817 cases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) recorded in the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program were analyzed. Racial/ethnic groups were studied, for disease‐specific survival in both case‐matched and nonmatched cohorts. Calculation of expected disparity magnitudes based on HPV status was performed using data reported in the literature.Results.A disease‐specific survival disparity was demonstrated for Hispanic patients. However, case matching eliminated this disparity. Conversely, the disparity for black patients persisted in matched cohorts. The oropharyngeal subsite was found to be the dominant contributor to this disparity.Conclusions.The survival disparity for Hispanic patients in SEER with HNSCC is explained by differences in presentation and treatment. Also, HPV tumor status is likely a key determinant of the disparity for black patients. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
FGF‐2 abolishes the chondrogenic effect of combined BMP‐6 and TGF‐β in human adipose derived stem cells
Authors: Hildner Florian , Peterbauer Anja , Wolbank Susanne , Nürnberger Sylvia , Marlovits Stefan , Redl Heinz , van Griensven Martijn , Gabriel Christian 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the influence of transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGF‐β3), bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP‐6) and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF‐2) on chondrogenesis in adipose derived stem cells (ASC). Cells were isolated from liposuction material, expanded and subjected to chondrogenic differentiation. Micromass pellets were cultured in chondrogenic medium containing 10 ng/mL TGF‐β3 which was additionally supplemented with 10 ng/mL BMP‐6, 10 ng/mL FGF‐2 or a combination of both. We quantitatively evaluated the cartilage specific gene expression after 14 days of culture. The end point measurements on day 35 included glycosaminoglycan (GAG) quantification, histological staining for chondrogenic markers, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In comparison to cultures induced with TGF‐β3/FGF‐2, the presence of TGF‐β3/BMP‐6 demonstrated strong induction of collagen type II, collagen type IX and aggrecan mRNA expression. This was corroborated by quantification and histological staining for GAGs and immunohistological staining for collagen II. However, when a combination of BMP‐6 and FGF‐2 in addition to TGF‐β3 was added, FGF‐2 counteracted BMP‐6, as indicated by reduced marker gene expression and weak to absent staining for GAGs. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that BMP‐6 combined with TGF‐β3 is a potent inducer of chondrogenesis in human ASC. In contrast, FGF‐2 does not contribute to differentiation, but rather suppresses the chondrogenic potential of BMP‐6. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010
Enhanced osteoblastic activity and bone regeneration using surface‐modified porous bioactive glass scaffolds
Authors: Miguel Blanca San , Kriauciunas Rytis , Tosatti Samuele , Ehrbar Martin , Ghayor Chafik , Textor Marcus , Weber Franz E. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe potential use as a bone substitute material of a three‐dimensional bioactive glass fiber scaffold composed of Na2O‐K2O‐MgO‐CaO‐B2O3‐P2O5‐SiO2 (BG1) was investigated in this work. Scaffolds were pre‐treated with simulated body fluid (SBF) to promote the formation of two different bone‐like apatite layers on their surfaces. The topography and roughness of the deposited layers were assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while the chemical composition and structure using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. Based on surface analysis, the bioactive glass surfaces were ranked from smoothest to roughest: 0 SBF (untreated), 1× SBF and 2× SBF. A calcium‐deficient carbonated hydroxyapatite (HCA) layer was present on both SBF‐treated scaffolds, with higher number and larger bone‐like apatite nodule formation in the 2× SBF case. MC3T3‐E1 preosteoblasts showed a more flattened morphology and higher cell proliferation on the nontreated scaffolds; whereas, cells were more elongated and had higher osteoblastic activity on SBF‐treated samples. In vivo results in a rabbit calvarial bone defect model showed enhanced bone formation with SBF pretreated scaffolds, compared with untreated ones, commercially available Perioglass® particles and empty defects. Our findings demonstrate that the formation of a rough HCA layer on bioactive glass porous scaffolds enhanced preosteoblast maturation in vitro, as well as bone formation in vivo. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.
Comparison of morphology, orientation, and migration of tendon derived fibroblasts and bone marrow stromal cells on electrochemically aligned collagen constructs
Authors: Gurkan Umut Atakan , Cheng Xingguo , Kishore Vipuil , Uquillas Jorge Alfredo , Akkus Ozan 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThere are approximately 33 million injuries involving musculoskeletal tissues (including tendons and ligaments) every year in the United States. In certain cases the tendons and ligaments are damaged irreversibly and require replacements that possess the natural functional properties of these tissues. As a biomaterial, collagen has been a key ingredient in tissue engineering scaffolds. The application range of collagen in tissue engineering would be greatly broadened if the assembly process could be better controlled to facilitate the synthesis of dense, oriented tissue‐like constructs. An electrochemical method has recently been developed in our laboratory to form highly oriented and densely packed collagen bundles with mechanical strength approaching that of tendons. However, there is limited information whether this electrochemically aligned collagen bundle (ELAC) presents advantages over randomly oriented bundles in terms of cell response. Therefore, the current study aimed to assess the biocompatibility of the collagen bundles in vitro, and compare tendon‐derived fibroblasts (TDFs) and bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) in terms of their ability to populate and migrate on the single and braided ELAC bundles. The results indicated that the ELAC was not cytotoxic; both cell types were able to populate and migrate on the ELAC bundles more efficiently than that observed for random collagen bundles. The braided ELAC constructs were efficiently populated by both TDFs and MSCs in vitro. Therefore, both TDFs and MSCs can be used with the ELAC bundles for tissue engineering purposes. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010
Combination of enzymes and flow perfusion conditions improves osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells cultured upon starch/poly(ε‐caprolactone) fiber meshes
Authors: Martins Ana M. , Saraf Anita , Sousa Rui A. , Alves Catarina M. , Mikos Antonios G. , Kasper F. Kurtis , Reis Rui L. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that α‐amylase and lipase are capable of enhancing the degradation of fiber meshes blends of starch and poly(ε‐caprolactone) (SPCL) under dynamic conditions, and consequently to promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs). This study investigated the effect of flow perfusion bioreactor culture in combination with enzymes on the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. SPCL fiber meshes were seeded with MSCs and cultured with osteogenic medium supplemented with α‐amylase, lipase, or a combination of the two for 8 or 16 days using static or flow conditions. Lipase and its combination with α‐amylase enhanced cell proliferation after 16 days. In addition, the flow perfusion culture enhanced the infiltration of cells and facilitated greater distribution of extracellular matrix (ECM) throughout the scaffolds in the presence/absence of enzymes. A significant amount of calcium was detected after 16 days in all groups cultured in flow conditions compared with static cultures. Nevertheless, when α‐amylase and lipase were included in the flow perfusion cultures, the calcium content was 379 ± 30 μg/scaffold after as few as 8 days. The highest calcium content (1271 ± 32 μg/scaffold) was obtained for SPCL/cell constructs cultured for 16 days in the presence of lipase and flow. Furthermore, von Kossa staining and tetracycline fluorescence of histological sections demonstrated mineral deposition within the scaffolds for all groups cultured for 16 days under flow. However, all the data corroborate that lipase coupled with flow perfusion conditions improve the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs and enhance ECM mineralization. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.
A perspective on MALDI alternatives—total solvent‐free analysis and electron transfer dissociation of highly charged ions by laserspray ionization
Authors: Trimpin Sarah 
Published: March 2010

AbstractProgress in research is hindered by analytical limitations, especially in biological areas in which sensitivity and dynamic range are critical to success. Inherent difficulties of characterization associated with complexity arising from heterogeneity of various materials including topologies (isomeric composition) and insolubility also limit progress. For this reason, we are developing methods for total solvent‐free analysis by mass spectrometry consisting of solvent‐free ionization followed by solvent‐free gas‐phase separation. We also recently constructed a novel matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) source that provides a simple, practical and sensitive way of producing highly charged ions by laserspray ionization (LSI) or singly charged ions commonly observed with MALDI by choice of matrix or matrix preparation. This is the first ionization source with such freedom—an extremely powerful analytical ‘switch’. Multiply charged LSI ions allow molecules exceeding the mass‐to‐charge range of the instrument to be observed and permit for the first time electron transfer dissociation fragment ion analysis. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of land use changes on local meteorological conditions in Jakarta, Indonesia: toward the evaluation of the thermal environment of megacities in Asia
Authors: Tokairin Takayuki , Sofyan Asep , Kitada Toshihiro 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn the past few decades, the surroundings of the initially urbanised area (the old city) of Jakarta, Indonesia, was rapidly urbanised and the daily mean air temperature increased by approximately 1 K. Accordingly, the effect of the land use change in the area of Jakarta on the local climate was investigated using a mesoscale meteorological model. After model performance was validated against observational data, the model was run to simulate the meteorological field over the city for the dry season. In the simulations, three cases were considered: (1) the land use in the present day, (2) the land use in the 1970s, and (3) land use with no urban areas. The simulations led to the following findings. First, the sea breeze developed at an earlier time of day in the present day than in the 1970s. Second, in the present‐day case, a converging flow developed over the old city in association with the low pressure which formed over the same location. Third, the daytime average and maximum air temperature in the old city were higher in the present day than in the 1970s by 0.6 and 0.9 K, respectively, due to the advection of heat from the new urban area. Finally, the amount of heat advected into the old city was estimated to be − 0.7 Wm−2 in the 1970s and 77 Wm−2 in the 2000s. The estimated value in the 2000s case was 44% of the magnitude of the sensible heat flux from the ground surface into the atmosphere. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
The impact of crime victimization on quality of life
Authors: Hanson Rochelle F. , Sawyer Genelle K. , Begle Angela M. , Hubel Grace S. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe authors review the extant literature examining the functional impact of crime victimization on indices of quality of life. They present findings within a conceptual framework comprised of role functioning, life satisfaction, and well‐being, and social–material conditions, including crime‐related medical, mental health, and employer costs, and health care utilization. The review indicates that crime victimization impacts multiple domains, including parenting skills, impaired occupational functioning, higher rates of unemployment, and problematic intimate relationships. However, data on relationships between crime victimization and overall life satisfaction were mixed, suggesting the need for further investigation. The authors conclude with a brief discussion of directions for future research.
Differences in changes in health‐related anxiety between Western and non‐Western participants in a trauma‐focused study
Authors: Verschuur Margot J. , Maric Marija , Spinhoven Philip 
Published: March 2010

AbstractDisaster victims from ethnic minorities manifest more health complaints and concerns than others following a medical investigation. The authors aimed at analyzing ethnicity as a proxy for risk factors predictive of changes in health‐related anxiety, and mediators that explain ethnic group differences after participating in a medical investigation. Western (n = 406) and non‐Western participants (n = 379) were assessed at baseline and 12‐week follow‐up. Education, unemployment, years of residence, and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms were independent predictors of changes in health‐related anxiety, excluding ethnicity. The predictive value of ethnicity was mediated mainly by changes in psychopathology, fatigue, and quality of life. Stronger responses to a trauma‐related investigation by more vulnerable ethnic minority groups may explain their enhanced health‐related anxiety.
Bushfire impact on youth
Authors: Yelland C. , Robinson P. , Lock C. , La Greca A. M. , Kokegei B. , Ridgway V. , Lai B. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe authors examined the association between disaster‐related traumatic experiences and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in 155 youth, aged 8–18 years, from the Lower Eyre Peninsula of South Australia who were affected by January 2005 bushfires. Youth completed measures of PTSD symptoms and disaster experiences 11–5 months postdisaster. Many youth (27%) reported moderate to severe levels of PTSD symptoms; younger children reported greater PTSD symptom severity than older youth. Perceived personal life threat and ongoing loss/disruption were related to greater PTSD symptomatology. Following disasters, it may be helpful to identify young children and youth who perceived that their life was threatened and experienced more ongoing life disruption, as these youth may be at higher risk for persistent PTSD symptoms.
Shear Dynamic Moduli of Stretched Polymer Chains and Networks: Modified Rouse Model
Authors: Toshchevikov Vladimir P. , Heinrich Gert , Gotlib Yulii Ya. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe dynamic mechanical properties of polymer chains and networks under large static strains are studied. Polymer chains are modeled as sequences of Gaussian subchains whose elasticity constants are different for motions parallel ($K_{||} $) and perpendicular ($K_ \bot $) to the stretching force, f, and are functions of the elongation ratio (a modified Rouse model). The frequency‐dependent storage and loss shear moduli are shown to be different for different geometries under small oscillating shear deformation. Three principal geometries under shear deformation denoted by D‐, V‐ and G‐geometry (see the image) are considered. Static elongation leads to the broadening of the frequency dependencies of the loss moduli for all considered geometries. The predicted storage and loss moduli are in a good agreement with experimental data.
magnified image
Epigenetic silencing of cell cycle regulatory genes during 3‐methylcholanthrene and diethylnitrosamine‐induced multistep rat lung cancer
Authors: Liu Wen‐Bin , Liu Jin‐Yi , Ao Lin , Zhou Zi‐Yuan , Zhou Yan‐Hong , Cui Zhi‐Hong , Cao Jia 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe rat lung cancers induced by 3‐methylcholanthrene (MCA) and diethylnitrosamine (DEN) are considered to be a good model for illustrating genetic alterations in human lung precancerous and cancerous lesions. Recently, we had reported that the model can also be used to investigate the step‐by‐step dynamic changes in DNA methylation during lung carcinogenesis. In this study, we have used the same animal model to further study the evolution of methylation alterations of cell cycle regulatory genes CDKN1B (p27) and CDKN1C (p57). Our results showed epigenetic alterations in p27 and p57. Promoter hypermethylation of p27 was detected in one sample of carcinoma in situ (CIS) and two samples of infiltrating carcinoma, all three of which lacked expression of the p27 protein. Methylation of the p57 promoter correlated with the loss of protein expression in lung pathologic lesions, with a gradual increase in methylation frequency from 0 sample in the normal epithelium and hyperplasia, to 11.1% in squamous metaplasia, 18.9% in dysplasia, 26.7% in CIS, and finally 36.0% in infiltrating carcinoma samples. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that p27 and p57 protein expression decreased as lung carcinogenesis progressed. Moreover, weak expression of p27 and p57 in methylated primary tumor cell lines increased markedly after treatment with 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine (5‐aza‐dC), confirming that methylation was indeed responsible for the gene downregulation. These results suggest that the progression of rat lung carcinogenesis induced by MCA/DEN is associated with dynamic changes in promoter hypermethylation of cell cycle regulatory genes, including p27 and p57, accounting for their defective expression. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Investigation of an adaptive sampling method for data interpolation using radial basis functions
Authors: Mackman T. J. , Allen C. B. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAn adaptive sampling method is presented for optimizing the location of data points in parameter space for multidimensional data interpolation. The method requires a small number of points to begin, and achieves a compromise between space‐filling updates and local refinement in areas where the data are nonlinear, as measured by the Laplacian. A smooth separation function quantifies the sample spacing, and this is blended with the Laplacian to form a criterion on which to assess potential new sample positions. Validation results are presented using two‐dimensional analytic test cases, which demonstrate that the method can recover known optimal designs and gives improvement over data‐independent approaches. In addition, a detailed analysis of the various model parameters is presented. Initial findings are very promising, and it is hoped that further work using the method to generate an aerodynamic database using CFD simulations will lead to a reduction in the number of points required for a given modelling accuracy. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐specific indicators of stress and their association with age at death in Medieval York: Using stature and vertebral neural canal size to examine the effects of stress occurring during different periods of development
Authors: Watts R. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSelective mortality can occur towards individuals who survive episodes of physiological stress, such as disease and malnutrition, during development. The skeletal elements affected depend on the timing of these stressful episodes. Studying multiple non‐specific indicators of stress can show which periods of development were affected and whether certain periods can be linked with selective mortality. To examine this method a preliminary study of 61 adult individuals from the Medieval population of Fishergate House, York was undertaken to examine small vertebral neural canal size and reduced adult stature. Previous studies have shown that selective mortality occurs towards individuals who display these non‐specific indicators of stress. Statistical analysis showed that small transverse neural canal diameter was significantly associated with early adult mortality for males and females and there was evidence of selective mortality towards females with reduced stature. This suggests that individuals who died in early adulthood experienced health insults during late childhood which stunted VNC growth but males in particular were not significantly affected by health insults after this age as they achieved a normal adult stature. Therefore it appears that health insults which occurred during late childhood had a greater influence on adult health in the Fishergate House population. This method could be expanded to provide more detailed information by using a greater variety of non‐specific indicators of stress which will allow more specific periods of development to be investigated. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Osteosarcoma in children 5 years of age or younger at initial diagnosis
Authors: Worch Jennifer , Matthay Katherine K. , Neuhaus John , Goldsby Robert , DuBois Steven G. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackgroundSince osteosarcoma is extremely rare in children ≤5 years of age, we sought to investigate if tumor characteristics, treatment strategies, and outcomes differ compared to older patients.ProcedurePatients <20 years of age with high‐grade osteosarcoma reported to national SEER database from 1973 to 2006 were separated into two groups based on age at diagnosis: ≤5 years (n = 49) and 6–19 years (n = 1,687). Patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics were compared using Fisher exact tests. Overall survival was estimated by Kaplan–Meier methods and compared using log‐rank tests and Cox models.ResultsPatients ≤5 years had higher proportions of osteosarcoma arising from the upper limb compared to older patients (24.5% vs. 11.2%; P = 0.006). These very young patients had a significantly higher proportion of telangiectatic histology (10.2% vs. 2.9%; P = 0.017). Sex, metastatic status, race, or ethnicity did not differ by age. A higher proportion of very young patients was treated with amputation (55.2% vs. 27.3%; P = 0.002). Five‐year overall survival was inferior for patients with localized osteosarcoma 5 years of age or younger compared to older children (51.9% vs. 67.3%; P = 0.03). After controlling for metastatic status, year of diagnosis, and tumor site, the hazard ratio for death in very young patients was 1.6 (95% confidence interval 1.02–2.36; P = 0.04) compared to older patients.ConclusionsTumor characteristics, treatment, and outcomes differ among children ≤5 years of age compared to older pediatric patients. These differences may reflect differences in tumor biology. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:285–289. © 2010 Wiley–Liss, Inc.