bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inactivation of SNF5 cooperates with p53 loss to accelerate tumor formation in Snf5+/−;p53+/− mice
Authors: DelBove Jessica , Kuwahara Yasumichi , Mora‐Blanco E. Lorena , Godfrey Virginia , Funkhouser William K. , Fletcher Christopher D.M. , Van Dyke Terry , Roberts Charles W.M. , Weissman Bernard E. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractMalignant rhabdoid tumors (MRTs) are poorly differentiated pediatric cancers that arise in various anatomical locations and have a very poor outcome. The large majority of these malignancies are caused by loss of function of the SNF5/INI1 component of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex. However, the mechanism of tumor development associated with SNF5 loss remains unclear. Multiple studies have demonstrated a role for SNF5 in the regulation of cyclin D1, p16INK4A, and pRbf activities suggesting it functions through the SWI/SNF complex to affect transcription of genes involved in cell cycle control. Previous studies in genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM) have shown that loss of SNF5 on a p53‐null background significantly accelerates tumor development. Here, we use established GEMM to further define the relationship between the SNF5 and p53 tumor suppressor pathways. Combined haploinsufficiency of p53 and Snf5 leads to decreased latency for MRTs arising in alternate anatomical locations but not for the standard facial MRTs. We also observed acceleration in the appearance of T‐cell lymphomas in the p53+/−;Snf5+/− mice. Our studies suggest that loss of SNF5 activity does not bestow a selective advantage on the p53 spectrum of tumors in the p53+/−;Snf5+/− mice. However, reduced p53 expression specifically accelerated the growth of a subset of MRTs in these mice. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A 3D SMA constitutive model in the framework of finite strain
Authors: Evangelista Veronica , Marfia Sonia , Sacco Elio 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe aim of the present paper is to propose a phenomenological thermodynamically consistent 3D model for shape memory alloys (SMA) in the finite strain range. In particular, a model able to predict the main features of SMA materials, such as the superelastic and the shape‐memory effects, is proposed. The model is based on the assumption of the local multiplicative split of the deformation gradient into an elastic and a phase transformation part. The governing state and evolutive equations are written in the undeformed configuration. The material parameters of the model are characterized by a clear physical meaning so that they can be determined by simple experimental tests. The finite deformation SMA model is also reformulated in the framework of small strain, linearizing the strain and stress measures in order to obtain a consistent constitutive model preserving the nonlinear material response. A robust algorithm is adopted in order to integrate the nonlinear evolutive equations; 2D and 3D finite elements are implemented in a numerical code considering finite and small deformations. Some numerical applications are carried out showing the performances of the proposed model and the developed numerical procedure to describe the superelastic and the shape‐memory effects of SMA devices. Comparisons of different results obtained by the small and finite strain formulations are reported. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In situ fibrillation of polyamide 6 in isotactic polypropylene occurring in the laminating‐multiplying die
Authors: Shen Jiabin , Wang Ming , Li Jiang , Guo Shaoyun 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe polyamide 6 (PA6)/isotactic polypropylene (iPP) in situ fibrillation composites are prepared by a novel extrusion die with an assembly of laminating‐multiplying elements (LMEs). The scanning electron micrographs illustrate that the dividing‐multiplying processes in LMEs elongate, break, and stabilize the dispersed PA6 phase in the iPP matrix along the flowing direction (FD). The morphology development of PA6 with different LME numbers greatly affects the rheological properties, crystalline behaviors, and mechanical properties. The dynamic rheological test performed at 195°C shows that the increased spatial restriction of the high‐aspect‐ratio PA6 particles increases the viscoelastic moduli, complex viscosity, and relaxation time. The crystalline analysis reveals that the heterogeneous nucleation becomes predominant and the transcrystalline morphology is observed in those samples produced by more LMEs. The tensile tests indicate that both, breaking strength and elongation, enhanced simultaneously because of the fibrillation of dispersed phase and the improvement in interfacial adhesion between the fibers and the matrix. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protein‐binding site prediction based on three‐dimensional protein modeling
Authors: Oh Mina , Joo Keehyoung , Lee Jooyoung 
Published: August 2009

AbstractStructural information of a protein can guide one to understand the function of the protein, and ligand binding is one of the major biochemical functions of proteins. We have applied a two‐stage template‐based ligand binding site prediction method to CASP8 targets and achieved high quality results with accuracy/coverage = 70/80 (LEE). First, templates are used for protein structure modeling and then for binding site prediction by structural clustering of ligand‐containing templates to the predicted protein model. Remarkably, the results are only a few percent worse than those one can obtain from native structures, which were available only after the prediction. Prediction was performed without knowing identity of ligands, and consequently, in many cases the ligand molecules used for prediction were different from the actual ligands, and yet we find that the prediction was quite successful. The current approach can be easily combined with experiments to investigate protein activities in a systematic way. Proteins 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The (non)malignancy of cancerous amino acidic substitutions
Authors: Talavera David , Taylor Martin S. , Thornton Janet M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe process of natural selection acts both on individual organisms within a population and on individual cells within an organism as they develop into cancer. In this work, we have taken a first step toward understanding the differences in selection pressures exerted on the human genome under these disparate circumstances. Focusing on single amino acid substitutions, we have found that cancer‐related mutations (CRMs) are frequent in evolutionarily conserved sites, whereas single amino acid polymorphisms (SAPs) tend to appear in sites having a more relaxed evolutionary pressure. Those CRMs classed as cancer driver mutations show greater enrichment for conserved sites than passenger mutations. Consistent with this, driver mutations are enriched for sites annotated as key functional residues and their neighbors, and are more likely to be located on the surface of proteins than expected by chance. Overall the pattern of CRM and polymorphism is remarkably similar, but we do see a clear signal indicative of diversifying selection for disruptive amino acid substitutions in the cancer driver mutations. The ultimate consequence of the appearance of those mutations must be advantageous for the tumor cell, leading to cell population‐growth and migration events similar to those seen in natural ecosystems. Proteins 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of post‐annealing on (110) Cu2O epitaxial films and origin of low mobility in Cu2O thin‐film transistor
Authors: Matsuzaki Kosuke , Nomura Kenji , Yanagi Hiroshi , Kamiya Toshio , Hirano Masahiro , Hosono Hideo 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe grew epitaxial (110) Cu2O films on (110) MgO substrates toward high‐mobility p‐channel oxide thin‐film transistors (TFTs). The (110) Cu2O films exhibited high Hall mobilities ∼90 cm2(Vs)−1 comparable to those of high‐quality single‐crystals, which were obtained in a narrow growth condition for 650 nm‐thick films. TFTs using the epitaxial (110) Cu2O channels exhibited p‐channel operation, but the field‐effect mobilities and the on‐to‐off drain current ratio were far from satisfaction (∼0.04 cm2(Vs)−1 and ∼2, respectively). In order to investigate the origin of the poor mobility, the films were subjected to post‐deposition annealing under various oxygen partial pressures (PO2−A = 0.65–10−3 Pa). Optical measurements revealed that subgap states exist in all the films and their amounts were increased by post‐deposition annealing irrespective of PO2−A. The subgap density of states estimated by the optical analyses are consistent roughly with that estimated from the TFT mobility.
Sputtered multicomponent amorphous dielectrics for transparent electronics
Authors: Pereira Luís , Barquinha Pedro , Gonçalves Gonçalo , Vilà Anna , Olziersky Antonis , Morante Joan , Fortunato Elvira , Martins Rodrigo 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn this work, we present the structural and electrical properties of HfO2, HfO2 + SiO2, and HfO2 + Al2O3 dielectric composite layers deposited by sputtering without any intentional substrate heating. The films were deposited on glass and 〈100〉 crystalline silicon (c‐Si) substrates from ceramic targets by using argon (Ar) and oxygen (O2) as sputtering and reactive gases, respectively. The incorporation of SiO2 and Al2O3 into hafnia was obtained by co‐sputtering and it was controlled by adjusting the ratio of r.f. power applied between the targets. The HfO2 films present a microcrystalline structure, when deposited at room temperature (RT). The lowest leakage current in c‐Si MIS (Metal‐Insulator‐Semiconductor) structures (below 109 A/cm2 at 10 V on films with a thickness around 180 nm) was obtained for an Ar/O2 ratio of 14:1 sccm, and further increase in O2 flow does not enhance the electrical characteristics. The co‐deposition of SiO2 or Al2O3 with hafnia has a strong influence on the structure of the resulting films since they become amorphous. The leakage current in MIS structures incorporating these multi‐component dielectrics is reduced at least by a factor of 2, which is accompanied by an increase on the band gap. The dielectric constant is decreased due to the lower values for SiO2 and Al2O3.
Responses of Chironomid larvae (insecta, Diptera) to ecological quality in Mediterranean river mesohabitats (South Italy)
Authors: Marziali Laura , Armanini David Giordano , Cazzola Marcello , Erba Stefania , Toppi Elisa , Buffagni Andrea , Rossaro Bruno 
Published: August 2009

AbstractChironomid larvae and pupae were studied in selected Mediterranean rivers with the aim of identifying pool and riffle taxa assemblages and of analysing their response to ecological quality gradients. Macroinvertebrate samples were collected in six Italian rivers along a pool‐riffle sequence in three seasons following a multihabitat sampling technique. Chironomids were identified as genus/species, other macroinvertebrates as family/genus. The main physico‐chemical, hydromorphological and geographical data were collected. Samples were ascribed to five quality classes according to the STAR_ICM index. Based on Chironomid taxa, principal component analysis (PCA) axis 1 represented an organic pollution gradient, axis 2 represented seasonality. Pool and riffle samples were significantly different according to taxa assemblages. Similar results were obtained with PCA based on the whole macrobenthic community. Indicator value (IndVal) analysis facilitated the detection of the Chironomid indicators of high/good quality pools (e.g. Conchapelopia pallidula, Rheopelopia ornata, Epoicocladius ephemerae) and riffles (Tvetenia calvescens, Eukiefferiella gracei). The Berger–Parker dominance index based on Chironomid assemblages in pools was correlated to PCA axis 1 and performed well in discriminating between quality classes. In riffles, no correlations to PCA axes were detected and a wide overlap between quality classes was present. Thus, assessment in the analysed river type may focus on pool mesohabitat as this seems to represent best the ecological gradient of sites. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Novel Polymeric Lead(II)‐Azido Compound: Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and DFT Calculations of [Pb(dmp)(N3)2]n
Authors: Shaabani Behrouz , Mirtamizdoust Babak , Shadman Muhammad , Fun Hoong‐Kun 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA novel 1D PbII coordination polymer containing Pb2‐(μ‐N3)2 unit [Pb(dmp)(N3)2]n (dmp = 2,9‐dimethyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline) has been prepared and characterized. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses show that the coordination number for PbII ions is six, PbN6, with “stereochemically active” electron lone pairs and the coordination sphere being hemidirected. The single‐crystal X‐ray data show the chains interact with each other through the π–π stacking interactions, which create a 3D framework. The structure of title complex has been optimized by density functional theory. Structural parameters and IR spectra for the complex are in agreement with the crystal structure.
Morphology and Photoluminescence of HfO2Obtained by Microwave-Hydrothermal
Authors: Eliziário SA , Cavalcante LS , Sczancoski JC , Pizani PS , Varela JA , Espinosa JWM , Longo E 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
In this letter, we report on the obtention of hafnium oxide (HfO2) nanostructures by the microwave-hydrothermal method. These nanostructures were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission gum scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDXS), ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, and photoluminescence (PL) measurements. XRD patterns confirmed that this material crystallizes in a monoclinic structure. FEG-SEM and TEM micrographs indicated that the rice-like morphologies were formed due to an increase in the effective collisions between the nanoparticles during the MH processing. The EDXS spectrum was used to verify the chemical compositional of this oxide. UV–vis spectrum revealed that this material have an indirect optical band gap. When excited with 488 nm wavelength at room temperature, the HfO2nanostructures exhibited only one broad PL band with a maximum at around 548 nm (green emission).
Investigating vulnerability to eating disorders: biases in emotional processing
Authors: Pringle A. , Harmer C. J. , Cooper M. J. 
Published: August 2009

BackgroundBiases in emotional processing and cognitions about the self are thought to play a role in the maintenance of eating disorders (EDs). However, little is known about whether these difficulties exist pre-morbidly and how they might contribute to risk.MethodFemale dieters (n=82) completed a battery of tasks designed to assess the processing of social cues (facial emotion recognition), cognitions about the self [Self-Schema Processing Task (SSPT)] and ED-specific cognitions about eating, weight and shape (emotional Stroop). The 26-item Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26; Garneret al.1982) was used to assess subclinical ED symptoms; this was used as an index of vulnerability within this at-risk group.ResultsRegression analyses showed that biases in the processing of both neutral and angry faces were predictive of our measure of vulnerability (EAT-26). In the self-schema task, biases in the processing of negative self descriptors previously found to be common in EDs predicted vulnerability. Biases in the processing of shape-related words on the Stroop task were also predictive; however, these biases were more important in dieters who also displayed biases in the self-schema task. We were also able to demonstrate that these biases are specific and separable from more general negative biases that could be attributed to depressive symptoms.ConclusionsThese results suggest that specific biases in the processing of social cues, cognitions about the self, and also about eating, weight and shape information, may be important in understanding risk and preventing relapse in EDs.
Comparison of social cognitive functioning in schizophrenia and high functioning autism: more convergence than divergence
Authors: Couture S. M. , Penn D. L. , Losh M. , Adolphs R. , Hurley R. , Piven J. 
Published: August 2009

BackgroundIndividuals with schizophrenia and individuals with high-functioning autism (HFA) seem to share some social, behavioral and biological features. Although marked impairments in social cognition have been documented in both groups, little empirical work has compared the social cognitive functioning of these two clinical groups.MethodForty-four individuals with schizophrenia, 36 with HFA and 41 non-clinical controls completed a battery of social cognitive measures that have been linked previously to specific brain regions.ResultsThe results indicate that the individuals with schizophrenia and HFA were both impaired on a variety of social cognitive tasks relative to the non-clinical controls, but did not differ from one another. When individuals with schizophrenia were divided into negative symptom and paranoid subgroups, exploratory analyses revealed that individuals with HFA may be more similar, in terms of the pattern of social cognition impairments, to the negative symptom group than to the paranoia group.ConclusionsOur findings provide further support for similarities in social cognition deficits between HFA and schizophrenia, which have a variety of implications for future work on gene–brain–behavior relationships.
PTSD after deployment to Iraq: conflicting rates, conflicting claims
Authors: Sundin J. , Fear N. T. , Iversen A. , Rona R. J. , Wessely S. 
Published: August 2009

BackgroundPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been called one of the signature injuries of the Iraq War. In this review prevalence estimates of PTSD are summarized and discrepancies are discussed in relation to methodological differences between studies.MethodWe searched for population-based studies with a minimum sample size of 300. Studies based on help-seeking samples were excluded. We identified 60 possible papers, of which 19 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Prevalence estimates and study characteristics were examined graphically with forest plots, but because of high levels of heterogeneity between studies, overall estimates of PTSD prevalence were not discussed.ResultsThe prevalence of PTSD in personnel deployed to Iraq varied between 1.4% and 31%. Stratifying studies by PTSD measure only slightly reduced the variability in prevalence. Anonymous surveys of line infantry units reported higher levels of PTSD compared to studies that are representative of the entire deployed population. UK studies tend to report lower prevalence of PTSD compared with many US studies; however, when comparisons are restricted to studies with random samples, prevalences are similar. US studies that have assessed personnel more than once since return from deployment have shown that PTSD prevalence increases over the 12 months following deployment.ConclusionsDifferences in methodologies and samples used should be considered when making comparisons of PTSD prevalence between studies. Further studies based on longitudinal samples are needed to understand how the prevalence of PTSD changes over time.
Uniqueness of the measure with full dimension on sofic affine-invariant subsets of the 2-torus
Authors: OLIVIER ERIC 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe consider the variational principle for dimension on compact subsets of the 2-torus which are invariant under a non-conformal expanding diagonal endomorphism. Condition (H) ensures that the invariant measures with full dimension are the equilibrium states of some potential function. This result applies to the problem of uniqueness of the measure with full dimension on the sofic affine-invariant sets.
Interannual properties of the CO2 system in the Southern Ocean south of Australia
Authors: Laika H.E. , Goyet C. , Vouve F. , Poisson A. , Touratier F. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn order to quantify the temporal variations of ocean properties, the MINERVE programme was designed to perform time-series measurements in the Southern Indian Ocean south of Australia. In the sub-Antarctic region (SAR, 48.5 ± 6.0°S), the mean CO2 flux increased from spring to summer from -6.8 mmol.m-2.d-1 in October 2005 to -9.9 mmol.m-2.d-1 in February 2006. In the Permanent Open Ocean Zone (POOZ, 57.5 ± 3.0°S), we observed lower pCO2 in summer than in spring (340 and 398 μatm, respectively). The mean CO2 flux showed large temporal variations from -0.2 mmol.m-2.d-1 in October 2005 to -8.2 mmol.m-2.d-1 in February 2006. The large temporal variation was associated with increased phytoplankton biomass. In the Continental Antarctic Zone (66.0 ± 1.0°S), the mean CO2 flux decreased from +14.9 mmol.m-2.d-1 in October 2005 to -8.4 mmol.m-2.d-1 in February 2006. In winter and spring, deep water mixing and seasonal sea-ice strongly increase pCO2sea above atmospheric level. In contrast, during summer, the effect of biological CO2 uptake decreased pCO2sea. Furthermore, these data allowed us to parameterize AT and CT as a function of temperature and salinity.
Penguin population dynamics for the past 8500 years at Gardner Island, Vestfold Hills
Authors: Huang Tao , Sun Liguang , Wang Yuhong , Liu Xiaodong , Zhu Renbin 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn order to reconstruct past changes in penguin populations we performed geochemical analyses on a penguin ornithogenic sediment core DG4 retrieved from a lake catchment on Gardner Island, Vestfold Hills. P, Se, F, S, As, Sr and Cu in DG4 were identified as the bio-element assemblage by R-clustering analyses on the elemental concentrations and comparisons with those in bedrock and fresh penguin guano. Factor analysis on the levels of these bio-elements in the core permitted a reconstruction of variations in historical penguin populations at Gardner Island spanning the past 8500 years. The penguin population showed significant fluctuations, reaching its highest density between 4700–2400 calibrated years before present. This coincides with evidence for a late Holocene warm period in the Vestfold Hills, similar to that associated with the late Holocene penguin optimum recorded in the Ross Sea and Antarctic Peninsula regions.