bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Peripheral Clock to Oscillation of Substance P Contributes to Circadian Inflammatory Pain
Authors: Zhang Jing , Li Huili , Teng Huajing , Zhang Ting , Luo Yonglun , Zhao Mei , Li Yun-Qing , Sun Zhong Sheng 
Published: May 2012

Background
The daily fluctuations of many physiologic and behavioral parameters are differentially influenced by either central or peripheral clocks in mammals. Since substance P (SP) oscillates in some brain tissues and plays an indispensable role in modulating inflammatory pain at the spinal level, we speculated that SP mediates circadian nociception transmission at the spinal level.

Methods
In the present study behavioral observation, real-time polymerase chain reaction, luciferase assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and immunohistochemistry stain methods were used to investigate the role of SP in the spinal circadian nociception transmission and its regulation mechanism.

Results
Our results showed that under transcriptional regulation of BMAL1:CLOCK heterodimers, SP's coding gene Tac1 expression oscillates in dorsal root ganglion (n = 36), but not in the spinal dorsal horn. Further, the expression of SP cycled in the spinal dorsal horn, and this rhythmicity was potentially determined by circadian expression of Tac1 in dorsal root ganglion. Furthermore, the variation of SP expression induced by formalin was fluctuated in a similar rhythm to behavioral nociceptive response induced by formalin (n = 48); and the nociceptive behavioral circadian rhythm could be abolished through blockade of the SP-Neurokinin 1 receptor pathway (n = 70). Lastly, the variations of spinal SP expression and behavioral nociceptive response were in step, and both were changed by the deletion mutation of clock gene.

Conclusions
We conclude that spinal SP probably plays a pivotal role in modulating circadian inflammatory pain and suggest that peripheral circadian-regulated signaling is potentially an essential pathway for circadian nociceptive transmission.
Automatic processes in at‐risk adolescents: the role of alcohol‐approach tendencies and response inhibition in drinking behavior
Authors: Peeters Margot , Wiers Reinout W. , Monshouwer Karin , van de Schoot Rens , Janssen Tim , Vollebergh Wilma A. M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAimsThis study examined the association between automatic processes and drinking behavior in relation to individual differences in response inhibition in young adolescents who had just started drinking. It was hypothesized that strong automatic behavioral tendencies toward alcohol‐related stimuli (alcohol‐approach bias) were associated with higher levels of alcohol use, especially amongst adolescents with relatively weak inhibition skills.DesignTo test this hypothesis structural equation analyses (standard error of mean) were performed using a zero inflated Poisson (ZIP) model. A well‐known problem in studying risk behavior is the low incidence rate resulting in a zero dominated distribution. A ZIP‐model accounts for non‐normality of the data.SettingAdolescents were selected from secondary Special Education schools (a risk group for the development of substance use problems).ParticipantsParticipants were 374 adolescents (mean age of M = 13.6 years).MeasurementsAdolescents completed the alcohol Approach Avoidance Task (a‐AAT), the Stroop Colour Naming Task (Stroop) and a questionnaire that assessed alcohol use.FindingsThe ZIP‐model established stronger alcohol‐approach tendencies for adolescent drinkers (P < 0.01) and the interaction revealed a stronger effect of alcohol‐approach tendencies on alcohol use in the absence of good inhibition skills (P < 0.05).ConclusionAutomatically‐activated cognitive processes are associated with the drinking behavior of young, at‐risk adolescents. It appears that alcohol‐approach tendencies are formed shortly after the initiation of drinking and particularly affect the drinking behavior of adolescents with relatively weak inhibition skills. Implications for the prevention of problem drinking in adolescents are discussed.
Exploring the spectrum of 3‐M syndrome, a primordial short stature disorder of disrupted ubiquitination
Authors: Clayton Peter E. , Hanson Dan , Magee Lucia , Murray Philip G. , Saunders Emma , Abu‐Amero Sayeda N. , Moore Gudrun E. , Black Graeme C. M. 
Published: May 2012

Summary3‐M syndrome is an autosomal recessive primordial growth disorder characterized by small birth size and post‐natal growth restriction associated with a spectrum of minor anomalies (including a triangular‐shaped face, flat cheeks, full lips, short chest and prominent fleshy heels). Unlike many other primordial short stature syndromes, intelligence is normal and there is no other major system involvement, indicating that 3‐M is predominantly a growth‐related condition. From an endocrine perspective, serum GH levels are usually normal and IGF‐I normal or low, while growth response to rhGH therapy is variable but typically poor. All these features suggest a degree of resistance in the GH‐IGF axis. To date, mutations in three genes CUL7, OBSL1 and CCDC8 have been shown to cause 3‐M. CUL7 acts an ubiquitin ligase and is known to interact with p53, cyclin D‐1 and the growth factor signalling molecule IRS‐1, the link with the latter may contribute to the GH‐IGF resistance. OBSL1 is a putative cytoskeletal adaptor that interacts with and stabilizes CUL7. CCDC8 is the newest member of the pathway and interacts with OBSL1 and, like CUL7, associates with p53, acting as a co‐factor in p53‐medicated apoptosis. 3‐M patients without a mutation have also been identified, indicating the involvement of additional genes in the pathway. Potentially damaging sequence variants in CUL7 and OBSL1 have been identified in idiopathic short stature (ISS), including those born small with failure of catch‐up growth, signifying that the 3‐M pathway could play a wider role in disordered growth.
The role of the North Atlantic Oscillation in controlling U.K. butterfly population size and phenology
Authors: WESTGARTH‐SMITH ANGUS R. , ROY DAVID B. , SCHOLZE MARTIN , TUCKER ALLAN , SUMPTER JOHN P. 
Published: May 2012

1. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) exerts considerable control on U.K. weather. This study investigates the impact of the NAO on butterfly abundance and phenology using 34 years of data from the U.K. Butterfly Monitoring Scheme (UKBMS).2. The study uses a multi‐species indicator to show that the NAO does not affect overall U.K. butterfly population size. However, the abundance of bivoltine butterfly species, which have longer flight seasons, were found to be more likely to respond positively to the NAO compared with univoltine species, which show little or a negative response.3. A positive winter NAO index is associated with warmer weather and earlier flight dates for Anthocharis cardamines (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), Melanargia galathea (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), Aphantopus hyperantus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), Pyronia tithonus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), Lasiommata megera (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) and Polyommatus icarus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). In bivoltine species, the NAO affects the phenology of the first generation, the timing of which indirectly controls the timing of the second generation.4. The NAO influences the timing of U.K. butterfly flight seasons more strongly than it influences population size.
Trade‐off between flight capability and reproduction in male Velarifictorus asperses crickets
Authors: ZENG YANG , ZHU DAO‐HONG 
Published: May 2012

1. There are numerous data that support the trade‐off between flight capability and reproduction in female wing polymorphic insects, but the relationship between wing form and fitness remains poorly investigated in males.2. In the present study, the development of flight muscle and gonads, spermatophore size, and multiple copulation ability were investigated in both long‐winged (LW) and short‐winged (SW) males to verify this trade‐off, using a wing dimorphic cricket species Velarifictorus aspersus (Walker).3. The LW males had better‐developed wing muscles than the SW males on the day of emergence, and both of them developed wing muscles after emergence, but the peak of weight in SW males was achieved 4 days later than that of the LW males. The accessory glands (AG) of the LW males developed significantly slower than that of the SW males. These results suggest that development and maintenance of flight muscles have a cost on the development of reproductive organs in male V. asperses.4. The SW males produced significantly heavier spermatophores in a single copulation and mated more often than LW males. This indicates the SW males have a higher mating success than the LW males, thereby increasing their chance of siring offspring.
Musings About Regulation by T‐Suppressors: A Response to the Commentary by Kristofor Ellestad on ‘Meanderings into the Regulation of Effector Class by the Immune System: Derivation of the Trauma Model’
Authors: Cohn M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAny discussion of the regulation of effector class must include feedback control on the magnitude of the response. The induced effector activities are biodestructive and ridding. They are, in and of themselves, unspecific with respect to self and nonself. Consequently all responses include some level of innocent bystander pathology. The regulation of magnitude is essential to keeping this level of pathology at an evolutionarily acceptable level. This is my postulated role of suppressor T‐cells, more popularly referred to as Treg. In order to perform this function they must be somatically selected to be anti‐nonself like all other T/B‐cells. If correct, any role that they might play in determining normal tolerance is excluded. As the commentary of Ellestad illustrates, their function to regulate autoimmunity is the consensus view today and, therefore, this competing concept and my analysis of suggested papers should invite a wide ranging debate.
Exposure to farming environments in childhood and asthma and wheeze in rural populations: a systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Genuneit Jon 
Published: May 2012

To cite this article: Genuneit J. Exposure to farming environments in childhood and asthma and wheeze in rural populations: a systematic review with meta‐analysis. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2012: 23: 509–518.AbstractAsthma is a chronic respiratory disorder that has become substantially more common over the past decades. One environmental factor for which particularly strong associations with asthma and allergic diseases have been described is exposure to farming environments in childhood. The aim of this systematic review was to update and extend existing narrative reviews, test for heterogeneity of effect across studies, and conduct a meta‐analysis to report a summary effect measure. Published relevant literature was searched through PubMed including all articles added to PubMed before September 1, 2011. Articles were included if they reported an epidemiological study on the exposure to a farming environment in childhood and subsequent wheeze or asthma. Heterogeneity of effect measures across studies was evaluated using Cochran’s Q and I2. Random‐effects meta‐analysis was performed to summarize effect measures for various outcome definitions. In total, 357 retrieved abstracts revealed 52 original articles from 39 studies with data considered for the meta‐analysis. Most studies were conducted among children or on childhood onset of disease. Most data were published on doctor‐diagnosed asthma or current wheeze. The meta‐analysis showed substantial heterogeneity across studies with similar outcome definitions. Nonetheless, the combined effects were statistically significant and showed an approximate 25% lower asthma prevalence among exposed subjects compared with unexposed subjects. The protective ‘farm‐effect’ on asthma was reported in numerous studies. Its underlying factors ought to be studied, and promising efforts have been already made. However, the heterogeneity of the effect across studies should also be investigated because whatever causes it is a potential threat to valid synthesis of evidence and to the detection of specific protective factors.
Breathlessness perception assessed by visual analogue scale and lung function in children with asthma: A real‐life study
Authors: Tosca Maria A. , Silvestri Michela , Olcese Roberta , Pistorio Angela , Rossi Giovanni A. , Ciprandi Giorgio 
Published: May 2012

To cite this article: Tosca MA, Silvestri M, Olcese R, Pistorio A, Rossi GA, Ciprandi G. Breathlessness perception assessed by visual analogue scale and lung function in children with asthma: A real‐life study. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2012: 23: 537–542.AbstractBackground:  In children with asthma, discrepancies between objective indicators of airway obstruction and symptom perception are often observed. Although visual analogue scale (VAS) has been proposed as a useful tool for assessing accurate symptom perception, previous studies conducted in children with asthma included only small cohorts. A study was therefore designed to investigate the usefulness of VAS in establishing a reliable relationship between breathlessness perception and lung function in a large cohort of children with clinical diagnosis of asthma.Methods:  A total of 703 children [470 boys and 233 girls, median age 10.29 (8.33–12.58) yr] with asthma were included in this cross‐sectional, real‐life study. Perception of breathlessness was assessed by using VAS, and lung volumes and expiratory flows were measured by spirometry.Results:  Most children had intermittent or mild persistent asthma (93.3%), and only 46 children had a significant bronchial obstruction defined by FEV1 values <80% of predicted. Globally, VAS was significantly, even though weakly, related to lung function. Analyzing children with bronchial obstruction, a moderate relationship between both FEV1 (r = 0.47) and FEF25–75 (r = 0.42) and VAS was detected. A VAS value of 6 was found to be a reliable cutoff for discriminating children with bronchial obstruction (AUC 0.83 at ROC curve; OR 9.4).Conclusion:  The present study demonstrates that VAS might be considered a useful tool to assess symptom perception, mainly in children with airflow limitation.
Evaluation of arterial structure and function in pediatric patients with end‐stage renal disease on dialysis and after renal transplantation
Authors: Tawadrous Hanan , Kamran Haroon , Salciccioli Louis , Schoeneman Morris J. , Lazar Jason 
Published: May 2012

Tawadrous H, Kamran H, Salciccioli L, Schoeneman MJ, Lazar J. Evaluation of arterial structure and function in pediatric patients with end‐stage renal disease on dialysis and after renal transplantation.Abstract:  CVD is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in pediatric patients with CKD. It is unclear whether vascular abnormalities in these patients are reversible, and if transplantation portends salutary effects on arterial function. We compared FMD, PWV, AI75, and CIMT in 15 dialysis (D), 14 transplant patients (T), and 15 controls (C), and their associations with cardiovascular risk factors. There was stepwise lower FMD (p < 0.001), higher AI75 (p < 0.001), higher PWV (p = 0.01), and higher CIMT SDS for age (p = 0.03) and height (p = 0.006) in the D group than T and C groups. FMD, PWV, and CIMT were unrelated to dialysis duration or time from transplantation. On multivariate analysis, group status was independently associated with FMD (β = 3.15, p = 0.002), AI75 (β = −5.95, p = 0.01), PWV (β = −0.57, p = 0.07) and CIMT (β = −0.02, p = 0.04) and CIMT SDS for height (β = −0.541, p = 0.009). FMD is lower and AI75, PWV and CIMT are higher in pediatric patients maintained on D than T/C. T patients have similar AI75, PWV and CIMT to C although FMD remains reduced. These findings suggest that transplantation stabilizes or improves CKD associated arteriopathy.
Hepatitis B prophylaxis post liver transplantation with newer nucleos(t)ide analogues after hepatitis B immunoglobulin discontinuation
Authors: Cholongitas E. , Vasiliadis T. , Antoniadis N. , Goulis I. , Papanikolaou V. , Akriviadis E. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractNewer nucleos(t)ide analogues (NUCs) have better resistance profiles making hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG)‐sparing protocol an attractive prophylactic approach against hepatitis B virus (HBV) recurrence after liver transplantation (LT). We evaluated the risk of HBV recurrence after withdrawal of HBIG in patients who had been under HBIG plus NUCs after LT. Stable patients without HBV recurrence after LT while receiving combination of HBIG plus NUCs for at least 12 months were eligible for HBIG discontinuation. The patients were at low risk for HBV recurrence (only 4.5% had detectable HBV DNA at the time of LT, and 32% had HBV/hepatitis D virus co‐infection). All patients were followed up with HBV serum markers, HBV‐DNA, and evaluation of renal function, including glomerular filtration rate. Forty‐seven recipients discontinued HBIG and were maintained on newer NUCs. Median follow‐up post‐HBIG withdrawal was 24 months (range: 6–40 months). Twenty‐eight (60%) patients continued on lamivudine in combination with adefovir dipivoxil (n = 23, 82%) or tenofovir (n = 5, 18%); 10 (21%) and 9 (19%) of the 47 patients continued on tenofovir and entecavir monoprophylaxis, respectively. Although 3 (6.3%) patients developed detectable hepatitis B surface antigen, all of them had undetectable HBV DNA and no clinical manifestations of HBV recurrence. Renal function was similar between the different groups of patients. In conclusion, maintenance therapy with newer NUCs after discontinuation of HBIG prophylaxis was effective, but further studies in larger cohorts with longer follow‐up are needed.
Sex differences in bipolar disorder: a review of neuroimaging findings and new evidence
Authors: Jogia Jigar , Dima Danai , Frangou Sophia 
Published: May 2012

Jogia J, Dima D, Frangou S. Sex differences in bipolar disorder: a review of neuroimaging findings and new evidence.  Bipolar Disord 2012: 14: 461–471. © 2012 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objectives:  The sex of an individual is known to modulate the clinical presentation of bipolar disorder (BD), but little is known as to whether there are significant sex‐by‐diagnosis interactions on the brain structural and functional correlates of BD.Methods:  We conducted a literature review of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in BD, published between January 1990 and December 2010, reporting on the effects of sex and diagnosis. In the absence of any functional MRI (fMRI) studies, this review was supplemented by original data analyses focusing on sex‐by‐diagnosis interactions on patterns of brain activation obtained during tasks of working memory, incentive decision‐making, and facial affect processing.Results:  We found no support for a sex‐by‐diagnosis interaction in global gray or white matter volume. Evidence regarding regional volumetric measures is limited, but points to complex interactions between sex and diagnosis with developmental and temperamental factors within limbic and prefrontal regions. Sex‐by‐diagnosis interactions were noted in the pattern of activation within the basal ganglia during incentive decision‐making and within ventral prefrontal regions during facial affect processing.Conclusions:  Potential sex‐by‐diagnosis interactions influencing the brain structural and functional correlates of disease expression in BD have received limited attention. Our data suggest that the sex of an individual modulates structure and function within subcortical and cortical regions implicated in disease expression.
Review of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies comparing bipolar disorder and schizophrenia
Authors: Whalley Heather C , Papmeyer Martina , Sprooten Emma , Lawrie Stephen M , Sussmann Jessika E , McIntosh Andrew M 
Published: May 2012

Whalley HC, Papmeyer M, Sprooten E, Lawrie SM, Sussmann JE, McIntosh AM. Review of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies comparing bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.  Bipolar Disord 2012: 14: 411–431. © 2012 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objective:  Although bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SCZ) have a number of clinical features and certain susceptibility genes in common, they are considered separate disorders, and it is unclear which aspects of pathophysiology are specific to each condition. Here, we examine the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) literature to determine the evidence for diagnosis‐specific patterns of brain activation in the two patient groups.Method:  A systematic search was performed to identify fMRI studies directly comparing BD and SCZ to examine evidence for diagnosis‐specific activation patterns. Studies were categorized into (i) those investigating emotion, reward, or memory, (ii) those describing executive function or language tasks, and (iii) those looking at the resting state or default mode networks. Studies reporting estimates of sensitivity and specificity of classification are also summarized, followed by studies reporting associations with symptom severity measures.Results:  In total, 21 studies were identified including patients (n = 729) and healthy subjects (n = 465). Relative over‐activation in the medial temporal lobe and associated structures was found in BD versus SCZ in tasks involving emotion or memory. Evidence of differences between the disorders in prefrontal regions was less consistent. Accuracy values for assignment of diagnosis were generally lower in BD than in SCZ. Few studies reported significant symptom associations; however, these generally implicated limbic regions in association with manic symptoms.Conclusions:  Although there are a limited number of studies and a cautious approach is warranted, activation differences were found in the medial temporal lobe and associated limbic regions, suggesting the presence of differences in the neurobiological substrates of SCZ and BD. Future studies examining symptom dimensions, risk‐associated genes, and the effects of medication will aid clarification of the mechanisms behind these differences.
Neuroprogression in bipolar disorder
Authors: Schneider Marguerite Reid , DelBello Melissa P , McNamara Robert K , Strakowski Stephen M , Adler Caleb M 
Published: May 2012

Schneider MR, DelBello MP, McNamara RK, Strakowski SM, Adler CM. Neuroprogression in bipolar disorder.  Bipolar Disord 2012: 14: 356–374. © 2012 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objective:  Recent theories regarding the neuropathology of bipolar disorder suggest that both neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative processes may play a role. While magnetic resonance imaging has provided significant insight into the structural, functional, and connectivity abnormalities associated with bipolar disorder, research assessing longitudinal changes has been more limited. However, such research is essential to elucidate the pathophysiology of the disorder. The aim of our review is to examine the extant literature for developmental and progressive structural and functional changes in individuals with and at risk for bipolar disorder.Methods:  We conducted a literature review using MEDLINE and the following search terms: bipolar disorder, risk, child, adolescent, bipolar offspring, MRI, fMRI, DTI, PET, SPECT, cross‐sectional, longitudinal, progressive, and developmental. Further relevant articles were identified by cross‐referencing with identified manuscripts.Conclusions:  There is some evidence for developmental and progressive neurophysiological alterations in bipolar disorder, but the interpretation of correlations between neuroimaging findings and measures of illness exposure or age in cross‐sectional studies must be performed with care. Prospective longitudinal studies placed in the context of normative developmental and atrophic changes in neural structures and pathways thought to be involved in bipolar disorder are needed to improve our understanding of the neurodevelopmental underpinnings and progressive changes associated with bipolar disorder.