bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time use, role participation and life satisfaction of older people: Impact of driving status
Authors: Liddle Jacki , Gustafsson Louise , Bartlett Helen , McKenna Kryss 
Published: October 2011

Background/aim:  Driving cessation has been recognised as affecting the health and wellbeing of older people. Further exploration of the impact of driving status on time use, role participation and life satisfaction was required.Methods:  A cross‐sectional survey of 234 older people (current drivers, retired drivers and people who have never driven) was employed. Time use in the previous week, role participation and life satisfaction were measured and compared between the groups, while controlling for sociodemographic variables (health status, activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living status, gender, age and living situation).Results:  When compared to current drivers, retired drivers had significantly lower life satisfaction (P = 0.01), fewer present roles (P < 0.0001) and were less likely to participate in volunteer (P = 0.005) and family member roles (P = 0.009). Retired drivers spent less time on social leisure (P = 0.002) and away from home (P = 0.0001), and more time in solitary leisure (P = 0.0001). Comparing the participation of retired drivers with those who had never driven indicated that retired drivers spent significantly less time in volunteer work (P = 0.009).Conclusions:  The findings indicate that older non‐drivers may require support for participation and wellbeing.
Effects of regional analgesia on stress responses to pediatric surgery
Authors: Wolf Andrew R. 
Published: October 2011

IntroductionInvasive surgery induces a combination of local response to tissue injury and generalized activation of systemic metabolic and hormonal pathways via afferent nerve pathways and the central nervous system. The local inflammatory responses and the parallel neurohumoral responses are not isolated but linked through complex signaling networks, some of which remain poorly understood. The magnitude of the response is broadly related to the site of injury (greater in regions with visceral pain afferents such as abdomen and thorax) and the extent of the trauma. The changes include alterations in metabolic, hormonal, inflammatory, and immune systems that can be collectively termed the stress response. Integral to the stress responses are the effects of nociceptive afferent stimuli on systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance, heart rate, and blood pressure, which are a combination of efferent autonomic response and catecholamine release via the adrenal medulla. Therefore, pain responses, cardiovascular responses, and stress responses need to be considered as different aspects of a combined bodily reaction to surgery and trauma. It is important at the outset to understand that not all components of the stress response are suppressed together and that this is important when discussing different analgesic modalities (i.e. opioids vs regional anesthesia). For example, in terms of the use of fentanyl in the infant, the dose required to provide analgesia (1–5 mcg·kg−1) is less than that required for hemodynamic stability in response to stimuli (5–10 mcg·kg−1) (1) and that this in turn is less than that required to suppress most aspects of the stress response (25–50 mcg·kg−1) (2). In contrast to this considerable dose dependency, central local anesthetic blocks allow blockade of the afferent and efferent sympathetic pathways at relatively low doses resulting in profound suppression of hemodynamic and stress responses to surgery.
Among potent men post radical prostatectomy, does the need for phosphodiesterase inhibitors have an impact on sexual bother scores?
Authors: Punnen Sanoj , Cooperberg Matthew R. , Sadetsky Natalia , Carroll Peter R. 
Published: October 2011

Study Type – Therapy (case series)Level of Evidence 4What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Although phosphodiesterase inhibitor use post radical prostatectomy improves potency, little is known about its affects on sexual bother. We found no difference in sexual bother scores between patients who use and do not use phosphodiesterase inhibitors. This suggests that the current definition of potency, inclusive of medication use, is valid with respect to sexual bother.OBJECTIVE
To determine whether the current definition of potency, inclusive of phosphodiesterase inhibitor (PDEi) use, is valid with respect to sexual bother (SB). This will be assessed by characterizing the effect of PDEi use on SB scores in men who are potent post radical prostatectomy.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
The study population consisted of patients who were potent both before and after radical prostatectomy, with at least 2 years of follow‐up.
Disease‐specific quality of life data were evaluated by the University of California, Los Angeles, Prostate Cancer Index (PCI) survey.
The relationships between changes in sexual function (SF) and SB and use of PDEi over time were evaluated by mixed model analysis controlling for age, clinical risk group, marital status, and time of PCI assessment.
RESULTS
Of the 246 patients who met the study criteria, 39% reported PDEi use at some point after treatment.
PDEi use was not associated with improved SF (P= 0.81).
Furthermore, PDEi use was not associated with a change in SB (P= 0.36).
Both SF and SB were significantly associated with time of assessment and age, and SF and SB each improved over time.
In addition, SB was significantly associated with marital status.
CONCLUSIONS
In this analysis, there was no difference in SF scores between men who were potent with or without the use of PDEi.
Furthermore, there was no difference in SB scores between men who were potent with or without the use of PDEi.
This suggests that the current, inclusive, definition of potency is valid with respect to SB.
Does the Impact of Employment Protection Legislation on Foreign Direct Investment Differ by the Skill Intensity of Industries? An Empirical Note
Authors: Bellak Christian , Leibrecht Markus 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn line with previous literature, we find that strict employment protection deters foreign direct investment. This finding is consistent with the view that rigid labour markets result in high adjustment and exit costs which discourage firm investment. Moreover, our results are consistent with the view that the deterrent effect of rigid labour markets depends on the skill intensity of an industry.
Identification of microbial flora in kefir grains produced in Turkey using PCR
Authors: TAŞ TUĞBA KÖK , EKINCI F YEŞIM , GUZEL‐SEYDIM ZEYNEP B 
Published: October 2011

Kefir grains might have different ratios and/or content of microflora according to their origin. The purpose of this study was to determine microbial flora of kefir grains produced in three regional universities in Turkey using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and consensus sequence primers. According to the results of PCR products with the specific primers, the following were identified as the natural inhabitants of the kefir grains: Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus helveticus, Streptococcus thermophilus, Bifidobacterium bifidum and Kluyveromyces marxianus kefir. The results of this study revealed that traditional kefir produced by using kefir grains as natural starter cultures contains lactic acid bacteria especially Lactobacillus spp. One of the sources also contained B. bifidum. This is the first record on the presence of B. bifidum in kefir grains.
Synchronous Collection of Multisource Feedback Evaluations Does Not Increase Inter‐rater Reliability
Authors: Garra Gregory , Thode Henry 
Published: October 2011

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2011; 18:S65–S70 © 2011 by the Society for Academic Emergency MedicineAbstractObjectives:  Most multisource feedback (MSF) evaluations are performed asynchronously, with raters reflecting on the subject’s behavior. Numerous studies have demonstrated poor inter‐rater reliability of MSF. This may be due to cognitive biases that are inherent in such a process. We sought to determine if within‐ and between‐rater group reliability is increased when evaluations are gathered synchronously and relate to a specific patient interaction.Methods:  This was a survey at a university emergency department (ED) of 30 emergency medicine (EM) residents. ED nurses and faculty anonymously participated in asynchronous MSF assessment of resident performance from February to April 2010 using a Web‐based survey, the Emergency Medicine Humanism Scale (EM‐HS). In May 2010, a second round of MSF collection was conducted in the ED. At the conclusion of patient encounters, the EM‐HS was synchronously obtained from ED nurses and faculty. Evaluators were instructed to assess the resident based on the patient encounter, placing aside any preconceptions of resident performance, attitude, or behavior. Evaluators rated resident performance using a 1–9 scale (“needs improvement” to “outstanding”). The mean rating for each of the questions and the total score provided by each evaluator class was calculated for each EM resident. Differences between the asynchronous and synchronous ratings were compared with t‐tests. Pearson correlations were used to measure agreement in scores within and between nurse and faculty rater groups. Correlations > 0.70 were deemed acceptable and are reported with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results:  Twenty‐one of 30 residents had assessments collected by both asynchronous and synchronous methods. A total of 699 Web‐based (asynchronous) assessments were completed by nurses and 149 by faculty. Synchronous nurse and faculty assessments were obtained in 105 resident–patient encounters. There was no difference in faculty ratings between the MSF collection methods. Nurses assigned slightly (but significantly) higher ratings during synchronous collection. Correlation of the total MSF score between asynchronous and synchronous feedback collection methods within the faculty rater group was poor (0.18, 95% CI = −0.22 to 0.60). Correlation of the total MSF score between asynchronous and synchronous feedback collection methods within nurse rater groups was moderate (0.63, 95% CI = 0.27 to 0.83). Correlations between faculty–nurse rater groups for the total MSF collected asynchronously and synchronously were moderate (0.39, 95% CI = −0.05 to 0.7; and 0.44, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.73, respectively).Conclusions:  Synchronous collection of MSF did not provide clinically different EM‐HS scores within rater groups and did not result in improved correlations. Our small, single‐center study supports asynchronous collection of MSF.
Conditions for Efficacious Petitions: Empirical Evidence from Two Cities
Authors: PERRELLA ANDREA M. L. 
Published: October 2011

This article sheds some light on the widely exercised but little understood political activity of the petition and its potential in local politics. It posits the petition as a tool of group politics used by citizens to obtain some favorable policy decision. Among many factors that determine the success of an initiative, three are examined: (1) resources, operationalized simply as number of names collected; (2) media attention, which can raise the salience of the issue; and (3) coherence, operationalized as the number of issues a petition implicates. Hypotheses are tested against evidence gathered from 126 petitions circulated in two municipal regions. Results imply the petition can help facilitate greater citizen involvement in public affairs.Este artículo intenta esclarecer el ampliamente practicado pero poco comprendido ejercicio de las peticiones políticas y su potencial en la política a nivel local. En él se postula a la petición política como una herramienta de la política grupal usada por los ciudadanos para obtener una decisión política favorable. Entre los factores que determinan el éxito de una iniciativa, tres son examinados: (1) recursos, considerados como el número de nombres recolectados; (2) cobertura por los medios de comunicación, que puede aumentar la importancia del tema; y (3) coherencia, considerado como el número de consecuencias que implica una petición. Hipótesis son corroboradas con evidencia recolectada de 126 peticiones puestas en circulación en dos regiones municipales. Los resultados implican que las peticiones pueden ayudar a facilitar una mayor participación ciudadana en asuntos públicos.
Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Voters in the 2000 U.S. Presidential Election
Authors: LEWIS GREGORY B. , ROGERS MARC A. , SHERRILL KENNETH 
Published: October 2011

Lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals (LGBs) in the United States are strikingly more likely to vote for Democratic presidential candidates than heterosexuals. LGBs are one of the Democratic Party's most loyal voting blocs, despite the absence of one of the most important mechanisms for creating party identification: intergenerational transmission. We use the 2000 Presidential election to examine whether LGB voters overwhelmingly chose Al Gore because they viewed him as superior to George W. Bush on LGB‐related policy issues or because of their greater overall liberalism and Democratic Party identification. We also examine the impact of socialization within the LGB community for generating political liberalism, Democratic Party identification, and interest in LGB policies. Using logit analysis on a 2000 Harris Interactive poll of 13,000 Americans, including 1,000 LGBs, we find that concern for LGB rights, policy liberalism, and party identification all played a role in the LGB vote.Lesbianas, hombres gay y bisexuales (LGB) en los Estados Unidos son mucho más propensos a por votar candidatos presidenciales Democráticos que personas heterosexuales. Los LGB son uno de los grupos electoral más leal del Partido Democrático, a pesar de la ausencia de uno de los mecanismos más importantes para crear identificación partidista: la transmisión intergeneracional. En este artículo usamos la elección presidencial del 2000 para examinar si los electores LGB eligieron a Al Gore porque lo consideraban superior a George W. Bush en políticas relacionadas con asuntos LGB o debido a su mayor liberalismo e identificación con el Partido Democrático. También examinamos el impacto de la socialización dentro de la comunidad LGB para generar liberalismo político, identificación con el Partido Democrático, e interés en políticas relacionadas con asuntos LGB. Usando un análisis logit en una encuesta interactiva Harris 2000 de 13,000 estadounidenses, incluyendo 1,000 LGB, los resultados muestran que interés por derechos para los LGB, liberalismo político, e identificación partidaria juegan un papel importante en el voto LGB.
Inconspicuous assessment of diet-induced thermogenesis using whole-body indirect calorimetry
Authors: Kumahara Hideaki , Tanaka Hiroaki , Schutz Yves 
Published: October 2011

We report a novel technique for computing diet-induced thermogenesis using data from 24-h respiration chamber measurements of 76 subjects. Physical activity (PA) was determined using a radar system to assess its duration and an accelerometer to evaluate its intensity. The regression line relating PA and energy expenditure facilitated calculation of the integrated thermogenic response to the total energy ingested (11.4% ± 3.8%), which is consistent with the values classically reported in the literature (10%) at the group level.
Adjuvant Sequencing of Tamoxifen and Anastrozole Is Superior to Tamoxifen Alone in Postmenopausal Women with Low Proliferating Breast Cancer
Authors: Bago-Horvath Zsuzsanna , Rudas Margaretha , Dubsky Peter , Jakesz Raimund , Singer Christian F. , Kemmerling Ralf , Greil Richard , Jelen Andrea , Böhm Gerhard , Jasarevic Zerina , Haid Anton , Gruber Christine , Pöstlberger Sabine , Filipits Martin , Gnant Michael 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Purpose: To assess the predictive value of Ki67 expression in postmenopausal hormone receptor–positive early-breast cancer patients, who were either treated with adjuvant tamoxifen (TAM) alone or with TAM followed by anastrozole (ANA).
Experimental Design: Expression of Ki67 was determined centrally by immunohistochemistry on whole tissue sections of postmenopausal endocrine-responsive breast cancers from patients who had been enrolled in the prospectively randomized Austrian Breast and Colorectal Cancer Study Group Trial 8, and had received TAM for 5 years, or TAM for 2 years followed by ANA for 3 years. Ki67 expression was evaluated both as a continuous variable and dichotomized to low (≤10%) and high (&gt;10%). Recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed using Cox models adjusted for clinical and pathologic parameters.
Results: Patients with a high Ki67 expression (394/1,587; 23%) had a significantly shorter RFS (adjusted HR for recurrence = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.37–2.64, P = 0.0001) and OS (adjusted HR for death = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.18–2.70, P = 0.006). In women with breast tumors expressing medium or high ER levels (n = 1,438), the interaction between Ki67 and adjuvant endocrine treatment was significant for RFS (P = 0.03). TAM followed by ANA was superior to TAM alone in patients with low Ki67 (adjusted HR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.34–0.83, P = 0.005) but not in high Ki67 disease (adjusted HR = 1.18, 95% CI: 0.66–1.89, P = 0.68).
Conclusions: Adjuvant sequencing of TAM and ANA is superior to TAM alone, particularly in postmenopausal women with medium or high ER expressing, low proliferating breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 17(24); 7828–34. ©2011 AACR.
Hops (Humulus lupulus) Inhibits Oxidative Estrogen Metabolism and Estrogen-Induced Malignant Transformation in Human Mammary Epithelial cells (MCF-10A)
Authors: Hemachandra L.P. , Madhubhani P. , Chandrasena R. , Esala P. , Chen Shao-Nong , Main Matthew , Lankin David C. , Scism Robert A. , Dietz Birgit M. , Pauli Guido F. , Thatcher Gregory R.J. , Bolton Judy L. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Long-term exposure to estrogens including those in traditional hormone replacement therapy (HRT) increases the risk of developing hormone-dependent cancers. As a result, women are turning to over-the-counter (OTC) botanical dietary supplements, such as black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) and hops (Humulus lupulus), as natural alternatives to HRT. The two major mechanisms which likely contribute to estrogen and/or HRT cancer risk are: the estrogen receptor–mediated hormonal pathway; and the chemical carcinogenesis pathway involving formation of estrogen quinones that damage DNA and proteins, hence initiating and promoting carcinogenesis. Because, OTC botanical HRT alternatives are in widespread use, they may have the potential for chemopreventive effects on estrogen carcinogenic pathways in vivo. Therefore, the effect of OTC botanicals on estrogen-induced malignant transformation of MCF-10A cells was studied. Cytochrome P450 catalyzed hydroxylation of estradiol at the 4-position leads to an o-quinone believed to act as the proximal carcinogen. Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry analysis of estradiol metabolites showed that 4-hydroxylation was inhibited by hops, whereas black cohosh was without effect. Estrogen-induced expression of CYP450 1B1 and CYP450 1A1 was attenuated by the hops extract. Two phenolic constituents of hops (xanthohumol, XH; 8-prenylnaringenin, 8-PN) were tested: 8-PN was a potent inhibitor, whereas XH had no effect. Finally, estrogen-induced malignant transformation of MCF-10A cells was observed to be significantly inhibited by hops (5 μg/mL) and 8-PN (50 nmol/L). These data suggest that hops extracts possess cancer chemopreventive activity through attenuation of estrogen metabolism mediated by 8-PN. Cancer Prev Res; 5(1); 73–81. ©2011 AACR.
Systematic Review of Perfusion Imaging With Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance in Acute Ischemic Stroke: Heterogeneity of Acquisition and Postprocessing Parameters
Authors: Dani Krishna A. , Thomas Ralph G.R. , Chappell Francesca M. , Shuler Kirsten , Muir Keith W. , Wardlaw Joanna M. 
Published: October 2011

Background and Purpose—
Heterogeneity of acquisition and postprocessing parameters for magnetic resonance– and computed tomography–based perfusion imaging in acute stroke may limit comparisons between studies, but the current degree of heterogeneity in the literature has not been precisely defined.

Methods—

We examined articles published before August 30, 2009 that reported perfusion thresholds, average lesion perfusion values, or correlations of perfusion deficit volumes from acute stroke patients <24 hours postictus. We compared acquisition parameters from published studies with guidance from the Acute Stroke Imaging Research Roadmap

1

. In addition, we assessed the consistency of postprocessing parameters.

Results—
Twenty computed tomography perfusion and 49 perfusion-weighted imaging studies were included from 7152 articles. Although certain parameters were reported frequently, consistently, and in line with the Roadmap proposals, we found substantial heterogeneity in other parameters, and there was considerable variation and underreporting of postprocessing methodology.

Conclusions—
There is substantial scope to increase homogeneity in future studies, eg, through reporting standards.
Attributing Hypodensities on CT to Angiographic Vasospasm Is Not Sensitive and Unreliable
Authors: Ibrahim George M. , Weidauer Stephan , Vatter Hartmut , Raabe Andreas , Macdonald R. Loch 
Published: October 2011

Background and Purpose—
The presence of low-density areas on CT is used in clinical decision-making regarding treatment of angiographic vasospasm as well as in research as a surrogate marker for severity of angiographic vasospasm. We assess the interobserver variability in attributing hypodensities on CT to angiographic vasospasm-related delayed ischemic neurological deficit.

Methods—

Three experienced reviewers, 2 neurosurgeons, and a neuroradiologist independently reviewed CT scans of 413 patients enrolled in the Clazosentan to Overcome Neurological iSChemia and Infarction OccUrring after Subarachnoid hemorrhage (CONSCIOUS-1) trial, who universally underwent catheter angiography to determine severity of angiographic vasospasm. Interobserver variability was calculated using the κ statistic and the χ
2
test was used to determine associations between dichotomized outcomes.

Results—

There was considerable interobserver variability in attributing CT hypodensities to vasospasm-related delayed ischemic neurological deficit (κ=0.51–0.78; 95% CI, 0.35–0.90). Patients with hypodensities attributed to delayed ischemic neurological deficit were significantly more likely to have severe angiographic vasospasm (
P
=0.001), but a substantial proportion of these patients (19%) also had mild or no spasm. CT hypodensities had a sensitivity and specificity of 41% and 93%, respectively, in identifying patients with severe angiographic vasospasm, even with expert consensus that these represent angiographic vasospasm-related delayed ischemic neurological deficit.

Conclusions—
We find considerable interobserver variability in attributing CT hypodensities to angiographic vasospasm and propose that they may not be a robust marker of severity of angiographic vasospasm, even with unanimous expert agreement that they are a result of vasospasm-related delayed ischemic neurological deficit.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00111085.