bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary explanations need to account for cultural variation
Authors: Heine Steven J. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractCultural variability in self-enhancement is far more pronounced than the authors suggest; the sum of the evidence does not show that East Asians self-enhance in different domains from Westerners. Incorporating this cultural variation suggests a different way of understanding the adaptiveness of self-enhancement: It is adaptive in contexts where positive self-feelings and confidence are valued over relationship harmony, but is maladaptive in contexts where relationship harmony is prioritized.
Dilemmas of a Vitalizing Vaccine Market: Lessons from the MMR Vaccine/Autism Debate
Authors: Bragesjö Fredrik , Hallberg Margareta 
Published: February 2011

ArgumentA number of issues related to vaccines and vaccinations in society are discussed in this paper. Our purpose is to merge an analysis of some recent changes in the vaccine market with social science research on the relationship between citizens and authorities. The article has two empirical parts. The first shows how the vaccine market, which for many years has had immense financial problems, nowadays seems to becoming economically vitalized, mostly due to the production of new and profitable vaccines. However prosperous the future may appear, certain reactions from the public regarding vaccination initiatives offer insight into inherent problems of vaccine policies in many Western countries. In the second part of the article, these problems are exemplified with the recent controversy over the MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine. We conclude that in spite of the improving profit-margins, the vaccine market remains vulnerable and insecure. Vaccines are permeated bysociety, even more so than pharmaceutics that are used to cure or alleviate illnesses. Radical changes in financial conditions with promises of a more profitable market will not, we argue, solve other even more fundamental problems.
The impact of subtype, frequency, chronicity, and severity of child maltreatment on social competence and behavior problems
Authors: Manly Jody Todd , Cicchetti Dante , Barnett Douglas 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis investigation examined the impact of dimensions within maltreatment such as the severity, frequency, chronicity, and subtypes of maltreatment and their relationship with child outcome. Children between the ages of 5 and 11 who participated in a summer camp program were assessed on their social competence, behavior problems, and peers ratings of cooperation, disruption, and initiation of aggression. The 235 participants were all from low-socioeconomic status families; 145 children were from families with documented histories of child maltreatment, whereas 90 of the children had no record of maltreatment. The study found that severity of the maltreatment, the frequency of Child Protective Services reports, and the interaction between severity and frequency were significant predictors of children's functioning. Additionally, the chronicity of the maltreatment in the family significantly predicted peer ratings of aggression. Subtype differences emerged as well, with children in the sexual abuse group being more socially competent than other maltreated children, and children in the physical abuse group having more behavior problems than nonmaltreated children. Regression analyses with cooccurrence of multiple subtypes of maltreatment indicated that physical neglect, physical abuse, and sexual abuse made significant unique contributions in predicting child outcomes. The advantages of exploring multiple dimensions within maltreatment, the necessity of developing better operational definitions of these dimensions, and social policy implications of the findings are discussed.
Echocardiographic imaging of anomalous origin of the coronary arteries
Authors: Cohen Meryl S. , Herlong René J. , Silverman Norman H. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn the past, coronary arterial anomalies have been difficult to diagnose by non-invasive methods. Identification of coronary arterial origins is now a routine part of the standard paediatric echocardiogram. Anomalous origin of a coronary artery from the pulmonary trunk is an extremely important diagnosis to make. Many echocardiographic features are not directly related to the visualisation of the coronary arterial origin. Left ventricular dilation and abnormal ventricular performance are common, along with mitral regurgitation and evidence of collateralisation of the flow from the coronary artery that has an aortic origin. In some cases, the anomalous coronary artery can be seen to arise directly from the pulmonary trunk. Congenital atresia of the main stem of the left coronary artery has a similar echocardiographic presentation, except that its aortic origin is not determined. Anomalous aortic origin of the coronary artery has important implications, as the first presenting symptom can be sudden death. With meticulous attention to the origins of the coronary arteries, echocardiographic diagnosis can also be achieved. In contrast to the anomalous origin of a coronary artery from the pulmonary trunk, ventricular performance is usually normal. Whenever there is doubt as to the definition of the origin of the coronary arteries and, indeed, when there is serious clinical concern that a coronary artery has an anomalous origin, other testing, such as cine-computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, or cardiac catheterisation may be indicated for confirmation or to provide greater anatomic detail.
Behavioural correlates of active commuting to school in Spanish adolescents: the AFINOS (Physical Activity as a Preventive Measure Against Overweight, Obesity, Infections, Allergies, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Adolescents) study
Authors: Martínez-Gómez David , Veiga Oscar L , Gomez-Martinez Sonia , Zapatera Belen , Calle Maria E , Marcos Ascension 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the associations between lifestyle factors and active commuting to school in Spanish adolescents.DesignCross-sectional study. Lifestyle factors (overall/extracurricular physical activity, television viewing, reading as a hobby, sleep duration, breakfast/fruit intake, smoking and alcohol intake) as well as mode and duration of commuting to school were self-reported. Active commuters were defined as those adolescents who walked or cycled to school.SettingSecondary schools in Madrid, Spain.SubjectsAdolescents (n 2029) aged 13 to 17 years.ResultsSimilar percentages of adolescent boys (57·6 %) and girls (56·1 %) were classified as active commuters to school (P = 0·491). The analysis showed that only adequate sleep duration (OR = 1·35, 95 % CI 1·11, 1·66; P = 0·003) and breakfast consumption (OR = 0·66, 95 % CI 0·49, 0·87; P = 0·004) were independently associated with active commuting to school.ConclusionsOnly those behaviours that occur immediately before commuting to school (sleep and breakfast) are associated with active commuting in Spanish adolescents.
Blood pressure and BMI in adolescents in Aracaju, Brazil
Authors: Polderman Jorinde , Gurgel Ricardo Queiroz , Barreto-Filho José Augusto S , Roelofs Rik , Ramos Ricardo Emanoel de O , de Munter Jeroen S , Wendte Johannes F , Agyemang Charles 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of high blood pressure (BP) and the association of overweight and obesity with high BP among adolescents in Aracaju, Brazil.DesignCross-sectional study. The main outcome measure was the proportion of adolescents with high BP (sex-, age- and height-specific ≥95th percentile). The main predictor variables were overweight and obesity defined according to the criteria of the International Obesity Task Force. Other covariates included age, socio-economic status and leisure-time physical activity.SettingAracaju, Brazil, capital city of Sergipe State, north-eastern Brazil.SubjectsA random sample of 1002 adolescents (442 boys and 560 girls) aged 12–17 years selected from twenty public schools and ten private schools were studied.ResultsThe prevalence of high BP was 16·9 % (95 % CI 13·1, 21·7) in boys and 12·9 % (95 % CI 9·0, 18·0) in girls. After adjusting for age, socio-economic status and leisure-time physical activity in both boys and girls, overweight (prevalence ratio (PR) = 1·93, 95 % CI 1·08, 3·48; PR = 4·34, 95 % CI 2·58, 7·30, respectively) and obesity (PR = 4·87, 95 % CI 2·35, 10·11; PR = 5·18, 95 % CI 2·67, 10·06, respectively) were found to be associated with high BP.ConclusionsThese findings indicate a high prevalence of high BP in both boys and girls in Aracaju, Brazil. Overweight and obesity were strongly associated with high BP. These findings underscore the urgent need for public health measures to prevent increasing high BP in adolescents in Brazil. Targeting intervention in adolescence may be a critical method for preventing high BP in later life.
JNK2 Participates in Spindle Assembly during Mouse Oocyte Meiotic Maturation
Authors: Huang Xin , Tong Jing-Shan , Wang Zhen-Bo , Yang Cai-Rong , Qi Shu-Tao , Guo Lei , Ouyang Ying-Chun , Quan Song , Sun Qing-Yuan , Qi Zhong-Quan , Huang Ru-Xin , Wang Hai-Long 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIt is well known that c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) plays pivotal roles in various mitotic events, but its function in mammalian oocyte meiosis remains unknown. In this study, we found that no specific JNK2 signal was detected in germinal vesicle stage. JNK2 was associated with the spindles especially the spindle poles and cytoplasmic microtubule organizing centers at prometaphase I, metaphase I, and metaphase II stages. JNK2 became diffusely distributed and associated with the midbody at telophase I stage. Injection of myc-tagged JNK2α1 mRNA into oocytes also revealed its localization on spindle poles. The association of JNK2 with spindle poles was further confirmed by colocalization with the centrosomal proteins, γ-tubulin and Plk1. Nocodazole treatment showed that JNK2 may interact with Plk1 to regulate the spindle assembly. Then we investigated the possible function of JNK2 by JNK2 antibody microinjection and JNK specific inhibitor SP600125 treatment. These two manipulations caused abnormal spindle formation and decreased the rate of first polar body (PB1) extrusion. In addition, inhibition of JNK2 resulted in impaired localization of Plk1. Taken together, our results suggest that JNK2 plays an important role in spindle assembly and PB1 extrusion during mouse oocyte meiotic maturation.
Easyfig: a genome comparison visualizer
Authors: Sullivan Mitchell J. , Petty Nicola K. , Beatson Scott A. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Summary: Easyfig is a Python application for creating linear comparison figures of multiple genomic loci with an easy-to-use graphical user interface. BLAST comparisons between multiple genomic regions, ranging from single genes to whole prokaryote chromosomes, can be generated, visualized and interactively coloured, enabling a rapid transition between analysis and the preparation of publication quality figures.
Availability: Easyfig is freely available (under a GPL license) for download (for Mac OS X, Unix and Microsoft Windows) from the SourceForge web site: http://easyfig.sourceforge.net/.
Contact: s.beatson@uq.edu.au
Learning effect of a conditional cash transfer programme on poor rural women’s selection of delivery care in Mexico
Authors: Sosa-Rubí Sandra G , Walker Dilys , Serván Edson , Bautista-Arredondo Sergio 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Background The Mexican programme Oportunidades/Progresa conditionally transfers money to beneficiary families. Over the past 10 years, poor rural women have been obliged to attend antenatal care (ANC) visits and reproductive health talks. We propose that the length of time in the programme influences women’s preferences, thus increasing their use not only of services directly linked to the cash transfers, but also of other services, such as clinic-based delivery, whose utilization is not obligatory.
Objective To analyse the long-term effect of Oportunidades on women’s use of antenatal and delivery care.
Methodology 5051 women aged between 15 and 49 years old with at least one child aged less than 24 months living in rural localities were analysed. Multilevel probit and logit models were used to analyse ANC visits and physician/nurse attended delivery, respectively. Models were adjusted with individual and socio-economic variables and the locality’s exposure time to Oportunidades.
Findings On average women living in localities with longer exposure to Oportunidades report 2.1% more ANC visits than women living in localities with less exposure. Young women aged 15–19 and 20–24 years and living in localities with longer exposure to Oportunidades (since 1998) have 88% and 41% greater likelihood of choosing a physician/nurse vs. traditional midwife for childbirth, respectively. Women of indigenous origin are 68.9% less likely to choose a physician/nurse for delivery care than non-indigenous women.
Conclusions An increase in the average number of ANC visits has been achieved among Oportunidades beneficiaries. An indirect effect is the increased selection of a physician/nurse for delivery care among young women living in localities with greater exposure time to Oportunidades. Disadvantaged women in Mexico (indigenous women) continue to have less access to skilled delivery care. Developing countries must develop strategies to increase access and use of skilled obstetric care for marginalized women.
Physicochemical, Textural, and Nutritional Characterization of Mexican Rice Cultivars
Authors: Chávez‐Murillo Carolina E. , Wang Ya‐Jane , Quintero‐Gutierrez Adrian G. , Bello‐Pérez Luis A. 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTThe physicochemical properties, textural properties, and starch digestibility of rice cultivars grown in Mexico were evaluated. Variations existed in grain dimensions, and the rice grains were classified as medium, long, and extra long. Huimanguillo had the highest amylose content (30.4%), and A06, A92, A98, and Champoton presented the lowest amylose content (24.3–25.2%). The protein content was 7.1–11.0% and the lipid level was 0.47–1.22% among these Mexican cultivars. Champoton showed the highest temperature and enthalpy of gelatinization, and this with A98, Culiacan, and Huimanguillo had the highest enthalpy of retrogradation. Cotaxtla had the highest pasting peak, setback, and final viscosity. The texture assessment in cooked rice showed that A06 had the highest hardness, and A96 and A98 had the highest stickiness. There was little difference in the rapidly digestible starch, slowly digestible starch, and resistant starch content of tested Mexican rice cultivars. The differences in the physicochemical properties could be used to determine the end use of these Mexican rice cultivars.
Evaluation of a Dynamic Model for Primary Infections Caused by Plasmopara viticola on Grapevine in Quebec
Authors: Caffi Tito , Rossi Vittorio , Carisse Odile 
Published: January 2011

Downy mildew is major grape disease in several areas of the world. Recently, a dynamic model for primary infections of grapes by Plasmopara viticola, forecasting time of primary lesions emergence, was developed in Italy. The model simulates the development of predicted oospore cohorts during the primary infection period. The efficacy of this disease-cycle-based model was evaluated in eastern Canada by comparing the time of lesion emergence predicted by the model with field observations in 20 and 23 vineyards in 2008 and 2009, respectively. For each vineyard, one to 20 simulation runs were performed depending on the number of oospore cohorts expected to form, for a total of 545 simulations. The model evaluation was based on the true positive proportion (lesion emergence was predicted and observed) and the true negative proportion (lesion emergence was not predicted and not observed) which were 0.996, and 0.907, respectively. A total of 313 simulations resulted in no infection among which 284 corresponded to no lesion emergence. In only one situation, lesions were observed and not predicted by the model. On the contrary, in 29 simulations run, lesion emergence was predicted but not observed in the field. Further validation of this model is required, but the results of this study are encouraging and this model may be used to improve timing of fungicide sprays against P. viticola. Accepted for publication 17 November 2010. Published 26 January 2011.
A Strain of Japanese holly fern mottle virus Infecting Leatherleaf Fern in the United States
Authors: Valverde Rodrigo A. , Sabanadzovic Sead 
Published: January 2011

Leatherleaf fern, a popular cut foliage plant for use in flower arrangements, was found showing virus-like symptoms at a local nursery in Baton Rouge, LA. The causal agent of the disease was determined to be a strain of Japanese holly fern mottle virus. The virus was identified by dsRNA, RT-PCR, and sequence analyses. The potential negative impact of this pathogen on leatherleaf fern production and its spread within the crop should be a concern for leatherleaf fern growers. Accepted for publication 17 December 2010. Published 28 January 2011.
Comparative Evolution of Photosynthetic Genes in Response to Polyploid and Nonpolyploid Duplication
Authors: Coate Jeremy E. , Schlueter Jessica A. , Whaley Adam M. , Doyle Jeff J. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
The likelihood of duplicate gene retention following polyploidy varies by functional properties (e.g. gene ontologies or protein family domains), but little is known about the effects of whole-genome duplication on gene networks related by a common physiological process. Here, we examined the effects of both polyploid and nonpolyploid duplications on genes encoding the major functional groups of photosynthesis (photosystem I, photosystem II, the light-harvesting complex, and the Calvin cycle) in the cultivated soybean (Glycine max), which has experienced two rounds of whole-genome duplication. Photosystem gene families exhibit retention patterns consistent with dosage sensitivity (preferential retention of polyploid duplicates and elimination of nonpolyploid duplicates), whereas Calvin cycle and light-harvesting complex gene families do not. We observed similar patterns in barrel medic (Medicago truncatula), which shared the older genome duplication with soybean but has evolved independently for approximately 50 million years, and in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), which experienced two nested polyploidy events independent from the legume duplications. In both soybean and Arabidopsis, Calvin cycle gene duplicates exhibit a greater capacity for functional differentiation than do duplicates within the photosystems, which likely explains the greater retention of ancient, nonpolyploid duplicates and larger average gene family size for the Calvin cycle relative to the photosystems.
AICDA expression in BCR/ABL1‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia is associated with a peculiar gene expression profile
Authors: Messina Monica , Chiaretti Sabina , Iacobucci Ilaria , Tavolaro Simona , Lonetti Annalisa , Santangelo Simona , Elia Loredana , Papayannidis Cristina , Paoloni Francesca , Vitale Antonella , Guarini Anna , Martinelli Giovanni , Foà Robin 
Published: January 2011

SummaryActivation‐induced cytidine deaminase (AICDA) initiates somatic hypermutation and class‐switch recombination of immunoglobulin (Ig) genes and induces mutations also in non‐Ig genes. AICDA aberrant expression was detected in B‐lineage acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (B‐ALL), particularly BCR/ABL1+ B‐ALL; patients expressing AICDA carried more copy number alterations than ‘AICDA‐negative’ cases. To determine the role of AICDA, AICDA expression and gene expression profiling were studied in adult BCR/ABL1+ B‐ALL. Patients displaying the full‐length isoform AICDA are characterized by up‐regulation of DNA repair/replication and cell cycle genes, suggesting their involvement in the genetic instability of BCR/ABL1+ B‐ALL.
The effects of hydroxycarbamide and magnesium on haemoglobin SC disease: results of the multi‐centre CHAMPS trial
Authors: Wang Winfred , Brugnara Carlo , Snyder Cathie , Wynn Lynn , Rogers Zora , Kalinyak Karen , Brown Clark , Qureshi Asif , Bigelow Carolyn , Neumayr Lynne , Smith‐Whitley Kim , Chui David H. K. , Delahunty Mardee , Woolson Rob , Steinberg Martin , Telen Marilyn , Kesler Karen 
Published: January 2011

SummaryIn a phase‐II multi‐centre double‐blinded trial, we evaluated haematological effects of oral hydroxycarbamide (HC) and magnesium (Mg) in patients with HbSC, aged 5–53 years old. Subjects were randomized to HC + placebo, Mg + placebo, HC + Mg, or placebo + placebo. The primary endpoint was the proportion of hyperdense red blood cells after 8 weeks. Thirty‐six subjects were evaluable, but the study was terminated early because of slow enrollment. In the combined HC groups, mean cell volume and HbF were increased, but differences were not seen in hyperdense red cells or vaso‐occlusive events. Mg had no effects. Further investigation of hydroxycarbamide as monotherapy in HbSC disease is warranted.
Services for children with developmental co‐ordination disorder: the experiences of parents
Authors: Maciver D. , Owen C. , Flannery K. , Forsyth K. , Howden S. , Shepherd C. , Rush R. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackground  Parents provide valuable information on their experiences of engaging with therapy services for their children, which can inform the future development of these services. The aim of this study was to explore the views and experiences of parents who had accessed therapy services for their child with developmental co‐ordination disorder (DCD).Methods  Seven focus groups were conducted incorporating 52 parents who had a child diagnosed with, or fitting the diagnostic criteria for DCD. Focus groups were audiotaped, transcribed and analysed thematically.Findings  Parents reported struggling to gain access to therapy services. When they gained access, they found the services beneficial for their child but continued to experience difficulties regarding the quality of service delivery.Conclusions/implications  The study suggests that parents thought some health‐care professionals lacked knowledge and understanding of DCD, which they believed impacted upon early recognition and access to services. They perceived that therapy at an early age was vital for children's development, and indicated that a clearer path for accessing these services was necessary in addition to improved service quality. They called for an increase in awareness of DCD by all therapy service professionals to aid early recognition and improved treatment.