bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A city-centric approach to estimate and evaluate global Urban Air Mobility demand
Authors: Asmer Lukas , Jaksche Roman , Pak Henry , Kokus Petra 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUrban Air Mobility is expected to effectively complement the existing transportation system by providing fast and safe travel options, contributing to decarbonization, and providing benefits to citizens and communities. A preliminary estimate of the potential global demand for UAM, the associated aircraft movements, and the required vehicles is essential for the UAM industry for their long-term planning, but also of interest to other stakeholders, such as governments and transportation planners, to develop appropriate strategies and actions to implement UAM. This paper proposes a city-centric forecasting methodology that provides preliminary estimates of the potential global UAM demand for intra-city air taxi services for 990 cities worldwide. By summing all city-specific results, an estimate of the global UAM demand is obtained. By varying the parameters of the UAM system, the impact of ticket price and vertiport density on UAM demand is shown. Considering low ticket prices and high vertiport densities, possible market development scenarios show that there is a market potential for UAM in over 200 cities worldwide by 2050. The study highlights the significant impact of low ticket prices and the need for high vertiport densities to drive UAM demand. This emphasises the need for careful optimization of system components to minimise costs and increase the quality of UAM services.
An integrated agroforestry-bioenergy system for enhanced energy and food security in rural sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: García-López Natxo , Bargués-Tobella Aida , Goodman Rosa C. , Uwingabire Solange , Sundberg Cecilia , Boman Christoffer , Nyberg Gert 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMost people in rural sub-Saharan Africa lack access to electricity and rely on traditional, inefficient, and polluting cooking solutions that have adverse impacts on both human health and the environment. Here, we propose a novel integrated agroforestry-bioenergy system that combines sustainable biomass production in sequential agroforestry systems with biomass-based cleaner cooking solutions and rural electricity production in small-scale combined heat and power plants and estimate the biophysical system outcomes. Despite conservative assumptions, we demonstrate that on-farm biomass production can cover the household’s fuelwood demand for cooking and still generate a surplus of woody biomass for electricity production via gasification. Agroforestry and biochar soil amendments should increase agricultural productivity and food security. In addition to enhanced energy security, the proposed system should also contribute to improving cooking conditions and health, enhancing soil fertility and food security, climate change mitigation, gender equality, and rural poverty reduction.
A manifesto for coastal landscape governance: Reframing the relationship between coastal and landscape governance
Authors: Gonçalves Carla , Pinho Paulo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThere is an urgent demand for substantial reforms in the governance of coastal regions. Recent research advocates for a transformative shift in European coastal governance system towards a landscape governance approach. This perspective, informed by a narrative literature review on coastal and landscape governance, explores the potential value of coastal landscape governance, drawing on the Council of Europe Landscape Convention. Our results, presented in the form of a manifesto, underscore the need to move beyond political administrative boundaries and address all coastal landscapes as socio-ecological systems. It emphasises the necessity for the State to recognise them as a public and common good, establishing a specific governance arena with dedicated actors and institutions. The manifesto also advocates for landscape justice through knowledge co production, urging transformative change and landscape based regional design to envision alternative futures. Additionally, it calls for regionalising coastal landscape governance and invites scholars from other transdisciplinary and interdisciplinary perspectives to contribute to this research agenda.
Crack segmentation for high-speed imaging: detection of fractures in thermally toughened glass
Authors: Riedel Henrik , Bohmann Leon , Bagusat Frank , Sauer Martin , Schuster Miriam , Seel Matthias 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFracture morphology characterization in broken glass panes is crucial for designing laminated safety glass (LSG) in civil engineering. Verifying completely broken LSG systems requires destructive sampling, increasing costs and hindering development. Therefore, to determine the residual load-bearing capacity, the link between the pre-fracture characteristics and the fracture morphology must be known. However, when the crack propagation needs to be directly captured with high-speed imaging, conventional methods are no longer sufficient for detecting cracks. To enable such investigations, we propose a novel machine learning framework for crack segmentation in high-speed imaging that addresses the complexity of glass fracture and minimises the required labour costs. In this study, the crack propagation of a sample was recorded and analysed at 2,000,000 images per second. The results showcase accuracies surpassing 97% while requiring only two labeled images for training, thus streamlining practical implementation. Furthermore, we show the method's robustness to the extent that hyperparameter tuning becomes unnecessary. Instead, we offer guidelines for selecting the most crucial hyperparameters depending on the problem. Our method offers a promising approach for non-linear temporal interpolation of noisy images, with implications for various applications extending beyond glass fracture analysis.
Saucer blowouts in the coast dune fields of NW Spain
Authors: Flor G. , Martínez Cedrún P. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThree selected stabilized saucer blowouts in the coast of NW Spain (Iberian Peninsula) are studied under the morphological and sedimentological points of view. The morphologies of these blowouts are characterized: rim, crest, deflation bottom, right (inner and outer) and left (outer and inner) flanks, outer windward and inner lee ward flanks, inner windward and outer lee ward flanks. They are slightly elongated according to the main direction of the prevailing wind. From surficial sand samples, isolines of grain-size parameters such as centile, mean, sorting, skewness, and kurtosis, as well as the mineralogical composition (bioclastic carbonate versus siliciclastic percents) have been considered to establish specific trends. In many cases, isoline contours are adapted to the floor and the sedimentary rim, allowing to deduce the main flow of the wind that contributes to their formation and development of the complex geometry including their granulometry and composition. The average size is coarser in the outer windward and deflation bottom, and minimum in the crest; the sorting is better in the outer lee side and moderate on the bottom; the skewness shows no contrast being only extreme in the inner lee side; less sharp curves are represented on the windward and leeward flanks and crest, and are leptokurtic on the leeward side; carbonate percents are maximum on the outer lee ward side, followed by the bottom, being minimum on the inner windward side. The flank slopes are very high in the outer leeward and internal windward, and moderate in the outer windward and flat in the crest and deflation bottom. A simple model of morphodynamic and sedimentary characterization is proposed, under unidirectional winds.
Initial Validation of the Family Cultural Wealth Survey: Relation with Racial Discrimination and Well-being for Black Families
Authors: Iruka Iheoma U. , Forte Alexandria B. , Liu Sihong , Sims Jacqueline , Curenton Stephanie M. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to empirically validate the Family Cultural Wealth Survey (FCWS) by centering Black families with young children by (1) understanding the factor structure of the FCWS; (2) examining differences by income, family structure, and parental education; and (3) exploring the validity of the tool by examining its association with parental experiences of racial discrimination and parent and child well-being. 117 socioeconomically diverse Black families with young children with an average age of 36 years were surveyed: 46% were 200% below the federal poverty level (FPL) and 21% above the 400% FPL, 47% had a B.A. degree or higher, and 75% were in two-parent households. Exploratory factor analyses, correlation, and regression analyses were conducted. Results revealed and confirmed five factors: knowledge and access to resources, supportive network and optimism for challenges, culturally sustaining traditions and practices, spiritual promoting practices, and diverse communication and connection channels. While some differences were found based on income and parental education, there were no differences by family structure. Validation analyses indicated that family cultural wealth was associated with parental experiences of discrimination and parent emotional distress but not child behavioral problems. These findings suggest that the FCWS has adequate psychometrics, making it a potential tool for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers as they ensure that programs and strategies leverage the assets of racially marginalized families.
Unlocking the unique catalysts of CoTiO3/BiVO4@MIL-Fe(53) for improving Cr(VI) reduction and tetracycline degradation
Authors: Liu Xinghui , Naraginti Saraschandra , Zhang Fuchun , Sathishkumar Kuppusamy , Saxena Kuldeep K. , Guo Xiang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEnvironmental contamination by hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) and antibiotic drug residues pose significant challenges to public health and ecosystems. This study investigates the application of CoTiO3/BiVO4@MIL-Fe(53) (CT/BV@Fe-MOF) for the reduction of Cr(VI) and degradation of tetracycline (TCL) under visible light. After grafting an iron-based metal–organic framework MIL-Fe(53) on a modified CoTiO3/BiVO4 composite, the photogenerated electrons could easily be transferred from CoTiO3 to BiVO4/Fe-MOF species via interfacial charge transfer. UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy showed that charge carriers were formed in response to visible light absorption. The effect of different operating parameters, including catalyst load, pH, initial Cr(VI), and TCL concentration, was systematically evaluated during the photocatalytic process. The CT/BV@Fe-MOF composite exhibited 98.7% reduction efficiency in Cr(VI) (50 ppm) and 97.5% degradation efficiency towards TCL (30 ppm) within 90 min, resulting in a greater efficiency than the pristine CoTiO3, BiVO4, and Fe-MOF materials. The CT/BV@Fe-MOF composite displayed excellent stability over six cycles, highlighting its potential for practical applications. In addition, the plausible degradation pathway of TCL was evaluated using LC-ESI/MS analysis, while the TEST program was utilized to investigate the toxicity of the products generated during the degradation process.
Revisiting the obedience orientation in India
Authors: Sinha Shubhra , Mishra R. C. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe present study attempts to understand what happens to conventional values like obedience in a changing socio-cultural milieu. There are two possible courses. Either the society tends to move towards the values of autonomy, independence, and individuality from the conventional values of obedience and interdependence (Lerner in The passing of traditional society: modernizing the middle east, Press Identifier Glencoe, 1958 and Schramm in Mass media and national development. The role of information in developing countries, Stanford University, California, 1964), or old values are aptly modified by interacting with new values (Trommsdorff, in: Noack (Ed) Psychological responses to social change: Human development in changing environments, de Gruyter, Berlin, 1995). Indian studies demonstrate that co-existence is a preferred strategy of Indians to accommodate cultural changes (Mishra, In: Sharan and Suar (Eds) Psychology matters: development, health, and organization, Allied Publishers, New Delhi, 2007, Mishra, Sinha and Berry in Ecology, acculturation, and psychological adaptation: a study of Adivasis in Bihar, Sage Publication, New Delhi, 1996, Chaubey in Psychol Dev Soc 14:201–220, 2002, Mishra and Sinha in Soc Sci Int 28:159–175, 2012). Testing these ideas regarding obedience, a study was conducted in Varanasi, with 30 participants (15 boys, 15 girls) aged 18–19 years randomly selected for the sample. They were given a questionnaire with ten open-ended questions assessing obedience's meaning, significance, flexibility, and context. Thematic analysis showed that the value of obedience is very significant in the lives of young people. It serves four functions, viz., knowledge function, self-enhancement function, harmonising function, and other miscellaneous functions for them. However, signs of acculturation are also evident in increased demands for autonomy and independence. This makes obedience more flexible and context-bound than before. In an attempt to balance autonomy with relatedness, a guided autonomy model has emerged in India which helps Indian youth accommodate cultural change without getting uprooted.
Non-pharmacological interventions for depression in Kenya: a scoping review
Authors: Otanga Habil , Nyaga Joseph , March Aleida , Khan Farheen 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Depression management is affected by restricted budgets for mental health care in sub-Saharan Africa countries. There is need for integration of non-pharmacological interventions in primary care. This scoping review aimed to summarize research on available non-pharmacological interventions and their effectiveness against depression in Kenya.

Methods
We searched PubMed, ScienceDirect, AJOL, EBSCOhost, ProQuest and Cochrane Library databases for articles reporting non-pharmacological interventions in Kenya published in English between 2000 and May 2023.

Findings
Twenty-four articles that reported psychosocial (n = 20) and socioeconomic (n = 4) interventions were included in the review. Most interventions were delivered by lay professionals. Clinical outcomes included significant reduction in depression scores and symptom severity posttreatment and reduction in likelihood of having depression symptoms. Interventions were also found to be feasible and acceptable.

Conclusion
Non-pharmacological interventions can be upscaled for the management of depression in Kenya.
Impact of Information and Communication Technologies and Renewable Energy Consumption on Carbon Emissions in Africa
Authors: Onyeneke Robert Ugochukwu , Chidiebere-Mark Nneka Maris , Ayerakwa Hayford Mensah 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe pursuit of economic growth has implications for carbon emissions and climate change. Achieving low carbon development is important for attaining the targets of the sustainable development goals. Africa is often described as a largely import-dependent continent. The continent also requires significant investment in information and communication technologies (ICT) and renewable energy to achieve low-carbon economic growth. However, empirical evidence on the joint impacts of imports of goods and services, clean energy use, ICT, and economic growth on carbon emissions in Africa is scanty and mixed. This paper investigated the impacts of information and communication technologies, renewable energy consumption, import and economic growth on carbon emissions by using rich data on total per capita carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, economic growth, import of goods and services, renewable energy consumption, fixed telephone subscriptions, mobile cellular subscriptions, and individuals using the internet in Africa (2001 ─ 2020) obtained from the World development indicators (WDI) database. Using the Panel autoregressive distributed lag model (PARDL), we found that mobile cellular subscriptions, and level of economic growth significantly increased per capita CO2 emissions in Africa in the long run while renewable energy consumption and technologies and import of goods and services significantly decreased per capita CO2 emissions in the long run. We conclude that information and communication technologies, level of economic growth, import of goods and services, and renewable energy consumption exert impacts on carbon emissions in Africa.
Characteristics of patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit through the emergency department: a monocentric retrospective observational study
Authors: Wörnle Markus 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
The intensive care of critically ill patients is of great importance for emergency care. To achieve this, patients in need of intensive care must be quickly identified. On the other hand, misallocation of intensive care beds to patients who do not necessarily require intensive care must be avoided. Emergency departments play a crucial role in these decision-making processes.

Methods
In a retrospective single-center study, we examined the characteristics of patients admitted to the intensive care unit through our emergency department, as well as the subsequent course of patients who were referred for intensive care via the emergency medical services.

Results
During the 12-months study period, 632 patients were admitted to an intensive care unit within the hospital through our emergency department. Of these patients, 15.2% presented themselves at the emergency department independently, while 84.8% were transported by emergency medical services. Among the patients brought in by the emergency medical services and subsequently admitted to the intensive care unit, 27.6% were registered for the resuscitation room, 25.2% for an intermediate care/intensive care unit, and 47.2% with a different care destination. Of the 373 patients registered for the resuscitation room, 45.6% were admitted to an intensive care unit. 24.1% of the patients were admitted to an intensive care unit. 24.1% of the patients were admitted to a non-intensive care unit. 12.9% of the patients died in the emergency department, and 17.4% of the patients were able to be discharged home after treatment in the emergency department. Among the 635 patients registered for further care on an intermediate/intensive care unit by the emergency medical services, 21.8% were admitted to an intensive care unit, 58.2% of the patients were admitted to a non-intensive care unit. 3% of the patients died in the emergency department, and 17.0% of the patients were able to be discharged after treatment in the emergency department.

Conclusions
The emergency departments play a crucial role in the allocation of intensive care unit beds by selecting appropriate patients and preventing misallocations.
First‐Principles Investigations of Antigorite Polysomatism Under Pressure
Authors: Tsuchiya Jun , Mizoguchi Taiga , Inoué Sayako , Thompson Elizabeth C. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAntigorite is the high‐temperature member of the serpentine group minerals and is broadly considered a primary carrier of water in the subducting oceanic lithosphere. It has a wavy crystal structure along its a‐axis and several polysomes with different m‐values (m = 13–24) have been identified in nature. The m‐value is defined as the number of tetrahedra in one wavelength and is controlled by the misfit between the octahedral and tetrahedral layers. The degree of misfit primarily depends on the volumes of the MgO6 octehedra and SiO4 tetrahedra within the layers, which vary as a function of pressure and temperature. However, it is not well understood which m‐values of antigorite are stable at different pressure and temperature conditions. To investigate the pressure dependence of the stability of different m‐values in antigorite, we performed first‐principles calculations for several polysomes (m = 14–19) at high pressure from 0 to 14 GPa and compared their enthalpies at static 0 K. We found that although the energy differences between polysomes are small, polysomes with larger m‐values are more stable at ambient pressure, while polysomes with smaller m‐values are more stable at elevated pressures. This suggests that the structure of antigorite in the oceanic lithosphere subducting into the deep Earth may gradually evolve into a different polysome structure than the antigorite samples observed at ambient or near‐surface pressure conditions. These changes in the m‐values are accompanied by a minor dehydration reaction. By modulating the available amount of free water in the system, antigorite polysomatism may influence the distribution of intermediate‐depth seismicity, such as the observance of double seismic zones.
Submesoscale Vertical Heat Transport at the Kuroshio Extension: Characteristics and Mechanisms
Authors: Chen Yang , Chen Ru , Wang Guihua , Ruan Xiaozhou , Li Wei , Geng Qianqian , Wang Junyi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSubmesoscale processes significantly influence the air‐sea interaction, heat budget and the distribution of physical and biogeochemical tracers in the upper‐ocean. We study the spatiotemporal characteristics and generation mechanisms of submesoscale vertical heat transport (SVHT) at the Kuroshio Extension using a submesoscale‐permitting simulation. Compared with the commonly used Boxcar and Hanning filters, the clean‐cut feature of the Butterworth filter in the wavenumber domain makes it a proper filter to diagnose SVHT. SVHT is systematically upward, peaking in winter. Through causality analysis, we find that, among the basic factors (mixed layer depth, strain rate, surface wind stress, and horizontal buoyancy gradient) from the conventional submesoscale generation mechanism scalings, mixed layer depth plays the leading role in modulating the intraseasonal variation of SVHT. Using the budget of submesoscale temperature variance and causality analysis, we find that advection also plays an important role in regulating SVHT. This work suggests that the choice of appropriate spatial filter is important for SVHT diagnosis and including advection may help improve submesoscale parameterization schemes.
Decadal Variation in Winter‐Spring Thermal Front to the Zhejiang‐Fujian Coast and Its Mechanism
Authors: Li Jian , Bai Peng , Zhai Fangguo , Gu Yanzhen , Li Peiliang , Liu Cong , Yan Changyuan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOff the east shore of China, thermal front plays a crucial role in modulating coastal biogeochemical environment. Based on multi‐source observational and reanalysis products, decadal variation and regulatory mechanism of Zhejiang‐Fujian coastal front (ZFCF) were investigated. The intensity of ZFCF showed a two‐stage inversed varying trend over past four decades: a downtrend from 1982 to 2002 followed by an uptrend from 2002 to 2022. During 1982–2002, sea surface temperature (SST) experienced more pronounced warming in inshore areas than offshore due to weakening of the southward coastal current, and this primarily led to the downtrend of ZFCF. Within 2002–2022, opposite SST trends were observed on two sides of ZFCF, that is, the ZFCF kept intensifying due to the cooperation of cooling inshore and warming offshore. The enhanced coastal current driven by stronger monsoon and increased Yangtze River discharge cooled the inshore area, then the cooling was further facilitated by intensified heat loss in the upper layer of the plume. Meanwhile, the onshore shift of Kuroshio led to strengthened intrusion of warm water into the East China Sea, heating the offshore side of ZFCF and thus intensifying the front.