bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decisional responsibility for mechanical ventilation and weaning: an international survey
Authors: Rose Louise , Blackwood Bronagh , Egerod Ingrid , Haugdahl Hege Selnes , Hofhuis José , Isfort Michael , Kydonaki Kalliopi , Schubert Maria , Sperlinga Riccardo , Spronk Peter , Storli Sissel , McAuley Daniel F , Schultz Marcus J 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Introduction
Optimal management of mechanical ventilation and weaning requires dynamic and collaborative decision making to minimize complications and avoid delays in the transition to extubation. In the absence of collaboration, ventilation decision making may be fragmented, inconsistent, and delayed. Our objective was to describe the professional group with responsibility for key ventilation and weaning decisions and to examine organizational characteristics associated with nurse involvement.

Methods
A multi-center, cross-sectional, self-administered survey was sent to nurse managers of adult intensive care units (ICUs) in Denmark, Germany, Greece, Italy, Norway, Switzerland, Netherlands and United Kingdom (UK). We summarized data as proportions (95% confidence intervals (CIs)) and calculated odds ratios (OR) to examine ICU organizational variables associated with collaborative decision making.

Results
Response rates ranged from 39% (UK) to 92% (Switzerland), providing surveys from 586 ICUs. Interprofessional collaboration (nurses and physicians) was the most common approach to initial selection of ventilator settings (63% (95% CI 59 to 66)), determination of extubation readiness (71% (67 to 75)), weaning method (73% (69 to 76)), recognition of weaning failure (84% (81 to 87)) and weaning readiness (85% (82 to 87)), and titration of ventilator settings (88% (86 to 91)). A nurse-to-patient ratio other than 1:1 was associated with decreased interprofessional collaboration during titration of ventilator settings (OR 0.2, 95% CI 0.1 to 0.6), weaning method (0.4 (0.2 to 0.9)), determination of extubation readiness (0.5 (0.2 to 0.9)) and weaning failure (0.4 (0.1 to 1.0)). Use of a weaning protocol was associated with increased collaborative decision making for determining weaning (1.8 (1.0 to 3.3)) and extubation readiness (1.9 (1.2 to 3.0)), and weaning method (1.8 (1.1 to 3.0). Country of ICU location influenced the profile of responsibility for all decisions. Automated weaning modes were used in 55% of ICUs.

Conclusions
Collaborative decision making for ventilation and weaning was employed in most ICUs in all countries although this was influenced by nurse-to-patient ratio, presence of a protocol, and varied across countries. Potential clinical implications of a lack of collaboration include delayed adaptation of ventilation to changing physiological parameters, and delayed recognition of weaning and extubation readiness resulting in unnecessary prolongation of ventilation.
Cell type- and stimulus-specific mechanisms for post-transcriptional control of neutrophil chemokine gene expression
Authors: Hamilton Thomas , Li Xiaoxia , Novotny Michael , Pavicic Paul G , Datta Shyamasree , Zhao Chenyang , Hartupee Justin , Sun Dongxu 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT
mRNAs encoding inflammatory chemokines that recruit neutrophils frequently exhibit short half-lives that serve to limit their expression under inappropriate conditions but are often prolonged to ensure adequate levels during inflammatory response. Extracellular stimuli that modulate the stability of such mRNAs may be the same as the transcriptional activator, as is the case with TLR ligands, or may cooperate with independent transcriptional stimuli, as with IL-17, which extends the half-life of TNF-induced transcripts. These different stimuli engage independent signaling pathways that target different instability mechanisms distinguished by dependence on different regulatory nucleotide sequence motifs within the 3′UTRs, which involve that action of different mRNA-binding proteins. The selective use of these pathways by different stimuli and in distinct cell populations provides the potential for tailoring of chemokine expression patterns to meet specific needs in different pathophysiologic circumstances.
A Screen for Germination Mutants inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Kloimwieder Anne , Winston Fred 
Published: December 2011

AbstractSpore germination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a process in which a quiescent cell begins to divide. During germination, the cell undergoes dramatic changes in cell wall and membrane composition, as well as in gene expression. To understand germination in greater detail, we screened the S. cerevisiae deletion set for germination mutants. Our results identified two genes, TRF4 and ERG6, that are required for normal germination on solid media. TRF4 is a member of the TRAMP complex that, together with the exosome, degrades RNA polymerase II transcripts. ERG6 encodes a key step in ergosterol biosynthesis. Taken together, these results demonstrate the complex nature of germination and two genes important in the process.
Identification of an Active New Mutator Transposable Element in Maize
Authors: Tan Bao-Cai , Chen Zongliang , Shen Yun , Zhang Yafeng , Lai Jinsheng , Sun Samuel S M 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Robertson’s Mutator (Mu) system has been used in large scale mutagenesis in maize, exploiting its high mutation frequency, controllability, preferential insertion in genes, and independence of donor location. Eight Mutator elements have been fully characterized (Mu1, Mu2 /Mu1.7, Mu3, Mu4, Mu5, Mu6/7, Mu8, MuDR), and three are defined by TIR (Mu10, Mu11 and Mu12). The genome sequencing revealed a complex family of Mu-like-elements (MULEs) in the B73 genome. In this article, we report the identification of a new Mu element, named Mu13. Mu13 showed typical Mu characteristics by having a ∼220 bp TIR, creating a 9 bp target site duplication upon insertion, yet the internal sequence is completely different from previously identified Mu elements. Mu13 is not present in the B73 genome or a Zea mays subsp. parviglumis accession, but in W22 and several inbreds that found the Robertson’s Mutator line. Analysis of mutants isolated from the UniformMu mutagenic population indicated that the Mu13 element is active in transposition. Two novel insertions were found in expressed genes. To test other unknown Mu elements, we selected six new Mu elements from the B73 genome. Southern analysis indicated that most of these elements were present in the UniformMu lines. From these results, we conclude that Mu13 is a new and active Mu element that significantly contributed to the mutagenesis in the UniformMu population. The Robertson’s Mutator line may harbor other unknown active Mu elements.
Deciphering the Molecular Basis of Wine Yeast Fermentation Traits Using a Combined Genetic and Genomic Approach
Authors: Ambroset Chloé , Petit Maud , Brion Christian , Sanchez Isabelle , Delobel Pierre , Guérin Cyprien , Chiapello Hélène , Nicolas Pierre , Bigey Frédéric , Dequin Sylvie , Blondin Bruno 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe genetic basis of the phenotypic diversity of yeast is still poorly understood. Wine yeast strains have specific abilities to grow and ferment under stressful conditions compared with other strains, but the genetic basis underlying these traits is unknown. Understanding how sequence variation influences such phenotypes is a major challenge to address adaptation mechanisms of wine yeast. We aimed to identify the genetic basis of fermentation traits and gain insight into their relationships with variations in gene expression among yeast strains. We combined fermentation trait QTL mapping and expression profiling of fermenting cells in a segregating population from a cross between a wine yeast derivative and a laboratory strain. We report the identification of QTL for various fermentation traits (fermentation rates, nitrogen utilization, metabolites production) as well as expression QTL (eQTL). We found that many transcripts mapped to several eQTL hotspots and that two of them overlapped with QTL for fermentation traits. A QTL controlling the maximal fermentation rate and nitrogen utilization overlapping with an eQTL hotspot was dissected. We functionally demonstrated that an allele of the ABZ1 gene, localized in the hotspot and involved in p-aminobenzoate biosynthesis, controls the fermentation rate through modulation of nitrogen utilization. Our data suggest that the laboratory strain harbors a defective ABZ1 allele, which triggers strong metabolic and physiological alterations responsible for the generation of the eQTL hotspot. They also suggest that a number of gene expression differences result from some alleles that trigger major physiological disturbances.
Mixed Model Association Mapping for Fusarium Head Blight Resistance in Tunisian-Derived Durum Wheat Populations
Authors: Ghavami Farhad , Elias Elias M , Mamidi Sujan , Ansari Omid , Sargolzaei Mehdi , Adhikari Tika , Mergoum Mohamed , Kianian Shahryar F 
Published: December 2011

AbstractSources of resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat are mostly restricted to Chinese hexaploid genotypes. The effort to incorporate the resistance from hexaploid wheat or wild relatives to cultivated durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum Desf.) have not been successful in providing resistance to the level of the donor parents. In this study, we used 171 BC1F6 and 169 BC1F7 lines derived from crossing of four Tunisian tetraploid sources of resistance (Tun7, Tun18, Tun34, Tun36) with durum cultivars ‘Ben,’ ‘Maier,’ ‘Lebsock,’ and ‘Mountrail’ for association studies. The Tun18 and Tun7 FHB resistances were found to be comparable to the best hexaploid wheat sources. A new significant QTL for FHB resistance was identified on the long arm of chromosome 5B (Qfhs.ndsu-5BL) with both association and classical QTL mapping analysis. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) blocks extending up to 40 cM were evident in these populations. The linear mixed model considering the structure (Q or P) and the kinship matrix (KT) estimated by restricted maximum likelihood (REML) was identified as the best for association studies in a mixture of wheat populations from a breeding program. The results of association mapping analysis also demonstrated a region on the short arm of chromosome 3B as potentially linked to FHB resistance. This region is in proximity of major FHB resistance gene fhb1 reported in hexaploid wheat. A possibility of having susceptibility or suppressor of resistance gene(s) on durum wheat chromosome 2A was further confirmed in this material, explaining the problem in developing resistant genotypes without counter selection against this region.
A Global Perspective of the Genetic Basis for Carbonyl Stress Resistance
Authors: Hoon Shawn , Gebbia Marinella , Costanzo Michael , Davis Ronald W , Giaever Guri , Nislow Corey 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The accumulation of protein adducts caused by carbonyl stress (CS) is a hallmark of cellular aging and other diseases, yet the detailed cellular effects of this universal phenomena are poorly understood. An understanding of the global effects of CS will provide insight into disease mechanisms and can guide the development of therapeutics and lifestyle changes to ameliorate their effects. To identify cellular functions important for the response to carbonyl stress, multiple genome-wide genetic screens were performed using two known inducers of CS. We found that different cellular functions were required for resistance to stress induced by methylglyoxal (MG) and glyoxal (GLY). Specifically, we demonstrate the importance of macromolecule catabolism processes for resistance to MG, confirming and extending known mechanisms of MG toxicity, including modification of DNA, RNA, and proteins. Combining our results with related studies that examined the effects of ROS allowed a comprehensive view of the diverse range of cellular functions affected by both oxidative and carbonyl stress. To understand how these diverse cellular functions interact, we performed a quantitative epistasis analysis by creating multimutant strains from those individual genes required for glyoxal resistance. This analysis allowed us to define novel glyoxal-dependent genetic interactions. In summary, using multiple genome-wide approaches provides an effective approach to dissect the poorly understood effects of glyoxal in vivo. These data, observations, and comprehensive dataset provide 1) a comprehensive view of carbonyl stress, 2) a resource for future studies in other cell types, and 3) a demonstration of how inexpensive cell-based assays can identify complex gene-environment toxicities.
Identification and Precise Mapping of Resistant QTLs of Cercospora Leaf Spot Resistance in Sugar Beet (Beta vulgarisL.)
Authors: Taguchi Kazunori , Kubo Tomohiko , Takahashi Hiroyuki , Abe Hideyuki 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe complex inheritance of resistance to Cercospora leaf spot (CLS), the most severe fungal foliar disease in sugar beet, was investigated by means of quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis. Over a three year period, recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), generated through a cross between lines resistant (‘NK-310mm-O’) and susceptible (‘NK-184mm-O’) to CLS, were field-tested for their resistance to the pathogen. Composite interval mapping (CIM) showed four QTL involved in CLS resistance to be consistently detected. Two resistant QTL (qcr1 on chromosome III, qcr4 on chromosome IX) bearing ‘NK-310mm-O’ derived alleles promoted resistance. Across 11 investigations, the qcr1 and qcr4 QTL explained approximately 10% and over 20%, respectively, of the variance in the resistance index. Two further QTL (qcr2 on chromosome IV, qcr3 on chromosome VI) bearing ‘NK-184mm-O’ derived alleles each explained about 10% of the variance. To identify the monogenic effect of the resistance, two QTL derived from ‘NK-310mm-O’ against the genetic background of ‘NK-184mm-O’, using molecular markers. The qcr1 and qcr4 were precisely mapped as single QTL, using progenies BC5F1 and BC2F1, respectively. The qcr1 that was located near e11m36-8 had CLS disease severity indices (DSI) about 15% lower than plants homozygous for the ‘NK-184mm-O’ genotype. As with qcr1, heterozygosis of the qcr4 that was located near e17m47-81 reduced DSI by about 45% compared to homozygosis. These two resistant QTL might be of particular value in marker-assisted selection (MAS) programs in CLS resistance progression.
Miniature- and Multiple-Eyespot Loci inChlamydomonas reinhardtiiDefine New Modulators of Eyespot Photoreception and Assembly
Authors: Boyd Joseph S , Lamb Mary Rose , Dieckmann Carol L 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe photosensory eyespot of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a model system for the study of organelle biogenesis and placement. Eyespot assembly and positioning are governed by several genetic loci that have been identified in forward genetic screens for phototaxis-defective mutants. These include the previously described miniature-eyespot mutant min1, the multiple-eyespot mutant mlt1, the eyeless mutants eye2 and eye3, and two previously uncharacterized eyespot mutants, min2 and mlt2. In this study, effects of miniature- and multiple-eyespot mutations and their combinations on the localization and expression levels of the rhodopsin photoreceptor channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and the localization of the eyespot-assembly proteins EYE2 and EYE3 were examined. min2 mutants assemble a properly organized, albeit nonfunctional, eyespot that is slightly smaller than wild-type; however, combination of the min2 and mlt1 mutations resulted in drastic reduction of photoreceptor levels. Both stationary-phase mlt1 and mlt2 cells have supernumerary, mislocalized eyespots that exhibit partial or total dissociation of the eyespot layers. In these mutant strains, photoreceptor patches in the plasma membrane were never associated with pigment granule arrays in the chloroplast stroma unless EYE2 was present in the intervening envelope. The data suggest that MIN2 is required for the photoreceptive ability of the eyespot and that MLT2 plays a major role in regulating eyespot number, placement, and integrity.
Chemical and Synthetic Genetic Array Analysis Identifies Genes that Suppress Xylose Utilization and Fermentation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Usher Jane , Balderas-Hernandez Victor , Quon Peter , Gold Nicholas D , Martin Vincent J J , Mahadevan Radhakrishnan , Baetz Kristin 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Though highly efficient at fermenting hexose sugars, Saccharomyces cerevisiae has limited ability to ferment five-carbon sugars. As a significant portion of sugars found in cellulosic biomass is the five-carbon sugar xylose, S. cerevisiae must be engineered to metabolize pentose sugars, commonly by the addition of exogenous genes from xylose fermenting fungi. However, these recombinant strains grow poorly on xylose and require further improvement through rational engineering or evolutionary adaptation. To identify unknown genes that contribute to improved xylose fermentation in these recombinant S. cerevisiae, we performed genome-wide synthetic interaction screens to identify deletion mutants that impact xylose utilization of strains expressing the xylose isomerase gene XYLA from Piromyces sp. E2 alone or with an additional copy of the endogenous xylulokinase gene XKS1. We also screened the deletion mutant array to identify mutants whose growth is affected by xylose. Our genetic network reveals that more than 80 nonessential genes from a diverse range of cellular processes impact xylose utilization. Surprisingly, we identified four genes, ALP1, ISC1, RPL20B, and BUD21, that when individually deleted improved xylose utilization of both S. cerevisiae S288C and CEN.PK strains. We further characterized BUD21 deletion mutant cells in batch fermentations and found that they produce ethanol even the absence of exogenous XYLA. We have demonstrated that the ability of laboratory strains of S. cerevisiae to utilize xylose as a sole carbon source is suppressed, which implies that S. cerevisiae may not require the addition of exogenous genes for efficient xylose fermentation.
A Novel Retrotransposon Inserted in the DominantVrn-B1Allele Confers Spring Growth Habit in Tetraploid Wheat (Triticum turgidumL.)
Authors: Chu C-G , Tan C T , Yu G-T , Zhong S , Xu S S , Yan L 
Published: December 2011

AbstractVernalization genes determine winter/spring growth habit in temperate cereals and play important roles in plant development and environmental adaptation. In wheat (Triticum L. sp.), it was previously shown that allelic variation in the vernalization gene VRN1 was due to deletions or insertions either in the promoter or in the first intron. Here, we report a novel Vrn-B1 allele that has a retrotransposon in its promoter conferring spring growth habit. The VRN-B1 gene was mapped in a doubled haploid population that segregated for winter-spring growth habit but was derived from two spring tetraploid wheat genotypes, the durum wheat (T. turgidum subsp. durum) variety ‘Lebsock’ and T. turgidum subsp. carthlicum accession PI 94749. Genetic analysis revealed that Lebsock carried the dominant Vrn-A1 and recessive vrn-B1 alleles, whereas PI 94749 had the recessive vrn-A1 and dominant Vrn-B1 alleles. The Vrn-A1 allele in Lebsock was the same as the Vrn-A1c allele previously reported in hexaploid wheat. No differences existed between the vrn-B1 and Vrn-B1 alleles, except that a 5463-bp insertion was detected in the 5′-UTR region of the Vrn-B1 allele. This insertion was a novel retrotransposon (designated as retrotrans_VRN), which was flanked by a 5-bp target site duplication and contained primer binding site and polypurine tract motifs, a 325-bp long terminal repeat, and an open reading frame encoding 1231 amino acids. The insertion of retrotrans_VRN resulted in expression of Vrn-B1 without vernalization. Retrotrans_VRN is prevalent among T. turgidum subsp. carthlicum accessions, less prevalent among T. turgidum subsp. dicoccum accessions, and rarely found in other tetraploid wheat subspecies.
An Evaluation ofArabidopsis thalianaHybrid Traits and Their Genetic Control
Authors: Moore Siobhan , Lukens Lewis 
Published: December 2011

AbstractHeterosis is an important phenomenon in agriculture. However, heterosis often greatly varies among hybrids and among traits. To investigate heterosis across a large number of traits and numerous genotypes, we evaluated 12 life history traits on parents and hybrids derived from five Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes (Col, Ler-0, Cvi, Ws, and C24) by using a complete diallel analysis containing 20 hybrids. Parental contributions to heterosis were hybrid and trait specific with a few reciprocal differences. Most notably, C24 generated hybrids with flowering time, biomass, and reproductive traits that often exceeded high-parent values. However, reproductive traits of C24 and Col hybrids and flowering time traits of C24 and Ler hybrids had no heterosis. We investigated whether allelic variation at flowering time genes FRIGIDA (FRI) and FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) could explain the genotype- and trait-specific contribution of C24 to hybrid traits. We evaluated both Col and Ler lines introgressed with various FRI and FLC alleles and hybrids between these lines and C24. Hybrids with functional FLC differed from hybrids with nonfunctional FLC for 21 of the 24 hybrid-trait combinations. In most crosses, heterosis was fully or partially explained by FRI and FLC. Our results describe the genetic diversity for heterosis within a sample of A. thaliana ecotypes and show that FRI and FLC are major factors that contribute to heterosis in a genotype and trait specific fashion.
Laser-assisted bioprinting to deal with tissue complexity in regenerative medicine
Authors: Guillemot Fabien , Guillotin Bertrand , Fontaine Aurélien , Ali Muhammad , Catros Sylvain , Kériquel Virginie , Fricain Jean-Christophe , Rémy Murielle , Bareille Reine , Amédée-Vilamitjana Joëlle 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
In-Depth Polymerization of a Self-Adhesive Dual-Cured Resin Cement
Authors: Puppin-Rontani RM , Dinelli RG , de Paula AB , Fucio SBP , Ambrosano GMB , Pascon FM 
Published: December 2011

Clinical Relevance
Polymerization of a dual-cured resin cement is significantly affected by ceramic thickness but not affected by activation modes. Increased irradiation times could potentially lead to higher hardness values in applications where light is not completely blocked by the overlying restoration.
Fécondité, bouleversements politiques et transition vers l'économie de marché en Europe de l'Est
Authors: Sardon Jean-Paul 
Published: December 2011

Fertility, political changes and transition to market economy in Eastern Europe.

The collapse of socialist regime and the transition to market economy, in the so called Eastern countries, are reflected, almost everywhere, in a rapid decrease of Total Fertility Rates, even if, in some countries, such as former Czechoslovakia, indices very temporarily increase. In former GDR and Romania, the impact of transition is spectacular, but determinant elements are different: fall of the wall in GDR, liberalisation of abortion in Romania.
Deep reasons of this decreasing fertility, especially at high fertility ages and for first birth-order, are not well known, even if economic crisis after the disbanding of CMEA, increasing unemployement and reduction of social budgets exert a depressive influence. In these countries, people are confronted not only with an adaptation crisis to the new rules of society, but with a real cultural revolution: the eastern family pattern comes into conflict with new economic requirements.