bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HCF101 is a novel component of the CIA cytosolic iron-sulfur synthesis pathway in the human pathogenToxoplasma gondii
Authors: Renaud Eléa A. , Maupin Ambre J.M. , Berry Laurence , Bals Julie , Bordat Yann , Demolombe Vincent , Rofidal Valérie , Vignols Florence , Besteiro Sébastien 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSeveral key cellular functions depend on proteins harboring an iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cofactor. As these Fe-S proteins localize to several subcellular compartments, they require a dedicated machinery for cofactor assembly. For instance, in plants and algae there are Fe-S cluster synthesis pathways localizing to the cytosol, but also present in the mitochondrion and in the chloroplast, two organelles of endosymbiotic origin.Toxoplasma gondiiis a plastid-bearing parasitic protist responsible for a pathology affecting humans and other warm-blooded vertebrates. We have characterized theToxoplasmahomologue of HCF101, originally identified in plants as a protein transferring Fe-S clusters to photosystem I subunits in the chloroplast. Contrarily to plants, we have shown that HCF101 does not localize to the plastid in parasites, but instead is an important component of the cytosolic Fe-S assembly (CIA) pathway which is vital forToxoplasma. While the CIA pathway is widely conserved in eukaryotes, it is the first time the involvement of HCF101 in this pan-eukaryotic machinery is established. Moreover, as this protein is essential for parasite viability and absent from its mammalian hosts, it constitutes a novel and promising potential drug target.
KipOTIA detoxifies 5-oxoproline and promotes the growth ofClostridioides difficile
Authors: Lee Cheyenne D. , Rizvi Arshad , McBride Shonna M. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTClostridioides difficileis an anaerobic enteric pathogen that disseminates in the environment as a dormant spore. ForC. difficileand other sporulating bacteria, the initiation of sporulation is a regulated process that prevents spore formation under favorable growth conditions. InBacillus subtilis, one such mechanism for preventing sporulation is the Kinase Inhibitory Protein, KipI, which impedes activation of the main sporulation kinase. In addition, KipI functions as part of a complex that detoxifies the intermediate metabolite, 5-oxoproline (OP), a harmful by-product of glutamic acid. In this study, we investigate the orthologous Kip proteins inC. difficileto determine their roles in the regulation of sporulation and metabolism. Using deletion mutants inkipIAand the fullkipOTIAoperon, we show that unlike inB. subtilis,the Kip proteins have no significant impact on sporulation. However, we found that thekipoperon encodes a functional oxoprolinase that facilitates detoxification of OP. Further, our data demonstrate that KipOTIA not only detoxifies OP, but also allows OP to be used as a nutrient source that supports the robust growth ofC. difficile, thereby facilitating the conversion of a toxic byproduct of metabolism into an effective energy source.
Catalytic Redundancies and Conformational Plasticity Drives Selectivity and Promiscuity in Quorum Quenching Lactonases
Authors: Corbella Marina , Bravo Joe , Demkiv Andrey O. , Calixto Ana Rita , Sompiyachoke Kitty , Bergonzi Celine , Elias Mikael H. , Kamerlin Shina Caroline Lynn 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSeveral enzymes from the metallo-β-lactamase-like family of lactonases (MLLs) degradeN-acyl-L-homoserine lactones (AHLs). In doing so, they play a role in a microbial communication system, quorum sensing, which contributes to pathogenicity and biofilm formation. There is currently great interest in designing quorum quenching (QQ) enzymes that can interfere with this communication and be used in a range of industrial and biomedical applications. However, tailoring these enzymes for specific targets requires a thorough understanding of their mechanisms and the physicochemical properties that determine their substrate specificities. We present here a detailed biochemical, computational, and structural study of the MLL GcL, which is highly proficient, thermostable, and has broad substrate specificity. Strikingly, we show that GcL does not only accept a broad range of substrates but is also capable of utilizing different reaction mechanisms that are differentially used in function of the substrate structure or the remodeling of the active siteviamutations. Comparison of GcL to other lactonases such as AiiA and AaL demonstrates similar mechanistic promiscuity, suggesting this is a shared feature across lactonases in this enzyme family. Mechanistic promiscuity has previously been observed in the lactonase/paraoxonase PON1, as well as with protein tyrosine phosphatases that operateviaa dual general-acid mechanism. The apparent prevalence of this phenomenon is significant from both a biochemical and an engineering perspective: in addition to optimizing for specific substrates, it is possible to optimize for specific mechanisms, opening new doors not just for the design of novel quorum quenching enzymes, but also of other mechanistically promiscuous enzymes.
A prefrontal cortex-lateral hypothalamus circuit controls stress-driven food intake
Authors: Supiot L.F. , Benschop A.A.C. , Nicolson A.S.J. , Haak R. , Wolterink-Donselaar I.G. , Luijendijk M.C.M. , Adan R.A.H , Poorthuis R.B. , Meye F.J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractStress can drive excessive intake of palatable high-caloric food. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is implicated in this, but through unknown downstream circuits and mechanisms. Here we show, in mice, that the projection from the mPFC to the lateral hypothalamus (LHA) is a critical substrate for stress-driven fat intake. We show that optogenetic stimulation of the mPFC-LHA increases fat intake under naïve conditions. Usingin vivoelectrophysiology and ensemble tagging, we demonstrate that the mPFC-LHA network acutely responds to social stress. Combining patch clamp and optogenetics, we show that after social stress plasticity occurs specifically at mPFC synapses onto LHA glutamatergic (but not GABAergic) neurons. Such stress primes the efficacy with which optogenetic stimulation of mPFC-LHA pathways drives fat intake, while chemogenetic inhibition of this network specifically blocks stress-driven increased fat intake. Our findings identify the mPFC as a top-down regulator of distinct LHA feeding networks, necessary for stress-eating behavior.
First detailed calculation of atmospheric neutrino foregrounds to the diffuse supernova neutrino background in Super-Kamiokande
Authors: Zhou Bei , Beacom John F. 
Published: May 2024

The diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB)—a probe of the core-collapse mechanism and the cosmic star-formation history—has not been detected, but its discovery may be imminent. A significant obstacle for DSNB detection in Super-Kamiokande (Super-K) is detector backgrounds, especially due to atmospheric neutrinos (more precisely, these are foregrounds), which are not sufficiently understood. We perform the first detailed theoretical calculations of these foregrounds in the range 16–90 MeV in detected electron energy, taking into account several physical and detector effects, quantifying uncertainties, and comparing our predictions to the 15.9 live time years of pre-gadolinium data from Super-K stages I–IV. We show that our modeling reasonably reproduces this low-energy data as well as the usual high-energy atmospheric-neutrino data. To accelerate progress on detecting the DSNB, we outline key actions to be taken in future theoretical and experimental work. In a forthcoming paper, we use our modeling to detail how low-energy atmospheric-neutrino events register in Super-K and suggest new cuts to reduce their impact.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Wormholes inside stars and black holes
Authors: Nojiri Shin’ichi , Odintsov S. D. , Folomeev Vladimir 
Published: May 2024

We construct models of two exotic objects: (i) a wormhole whose throat is hidden by a stellar object like a neutron star; and (ii) a wormhole inside a black hole. We work within Einstein’s gravity coupled to two scalar fields with a specific choice of the scalar field Lagrangian. In general, the model contains ghosts, but they are eliminated using the constraints given by the Lagrange multiplier fields. The constraints are a generalization of the mimetic constraint, where nondynamical dark matter effectively appears. As a result, in our model, instead of the nondynamical dark matter, nondynamical exotic matter like a phantom effectively arises. For the mixed wormhole-plus-star system, we find the corresponding mass-radius relation and show that it is possible to get characteristics comparable to those of ordinary neutron stars. For the wormhole inside the black hole, we find an extremal limit where the radius of the throat coincides with the radius of the event horizon and demonstrate that the Hawking temperature vanishes in this limit.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Exploring light dark matter with the Migdal effect in hydrogen-doped liquid xenon
Authors: Bell Nicole F. , Cox Peter , Dolan Matthew J. , Newstead Jayden L. , Ritter Alexander C. 
Published: May 2024

An ongoing challenge in dark matter direct detection is to improve the sensitivity to light dark matter in the MeV–GeV mass range. One proposal is to dope a liquid noble-element direct-detection experiment with a lighter element such as hydrogen. This has the advantage of enabling larger recoil energies compared to scattering on a heavy target, while leveraging existing detector technologies. Direct-detection experiments can also extend their reach to lower masses by exploiting the Migdal effect, where a nuclear recoil leads to electronic ionization or excitation. In this work, we combine these ideas to study the sensitivity of a hydrogen-doped LZ experiment (HydroX) and a future large-scale experiment such as XLZD. We find that HydroX could have sensitivity to dark matter masses below 10 MeV for both spin-independent and spin-dependent scattering, with XLZD extending that reach to lower cross sections. Notably, this technique substantially enhances the sensitivity of direct detection to spin-dependent proton scattering, well beyond the reach of any current experiments.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Speed of sound in methane under conditions of planetary interiors
Authors: White Thomas G. , Poole Hannah , McBride Emma E. , Oliver Matthew , Descamps Adrien , Fletcher Luke B. , Angermeier W. Alex , Allen Cameron H. , Appel Karen , Condamine Florian P. , Curry Chandra B. , Dallari Francesco , Funk Stefan , Galtier Eric , Gamboa Eliseo J. , Gauthier Maxence , Graham Peter , Goede Sebastian , Haden Daniel , Kim Jongjin B. , Lee Hae Ja , Ofori-Okai Benjamin K. , Richardson Scott , Rigby Alex , Schoenwaelder Christopher , Sun Peihao , Witte Bastian L. , Tschentscher Thomas , Zastrau Ulf , Nagler Bob , Hastings J. B. , Monaco Giulio , Gericke Dirk O. , Glenzer Siegfried H. , Gregori Gianluca 
Published: May 2024

We present direct observations of acoustic waves in warm dense matter. We analyze wave-number- and energy-resolved x-ray spectra taken from warm dense methane created by laser heating a cryogenic liquid jet. X-ray diffraction and inelastic free-electron scattering yield sample conditions of 0.3±0.1 eV and 0.8±0.1 g/cm−3, corresponding to a pressure of ∼13 GPa. Inelastic x-ray scattering was used to observe the collective oscillations of the ions. With a highly improved energy resolution of ∼50 meV, we could clearly distinguish the Brillouin peaks from the quasielastic Rayleigh feature. Data at different wave numbers were utilized to derive a sound speed of 5.9±0.5 km/s, marking a high-temperature data point for methane and demonstrating consistency with Birch's law in this parameter regime.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Tunable Inductive Coupler for High-Fidelity Gates Between Fluxonium Qubits
Authors: Zhang Helin , Ding Chunyang , Weiss D.K. , Huang Ziwen , Ma Yuwei , Guinn Charles , Sussman Sara , Chitta Sai Pavan , Chen Danyang , Houck Andrew A. , Koch Jens , Schuster David I. 
Published: May 2024

The fluxonium qubit is a promising candidate for quantum computation due to its long coherence times and large anharmonicity. We present a tunable coupler that realizes strong inductive coupling between two heavy-fluxonium qubits, each with approximately 50-MHz frequencies and approximately 5-GHz anharmonicities. The coupler enables the qubits to have a large tuning range of XX coupling strengths (−35 to 75 MHz). The ZZ coupling strength is <3 kHz across the entire coupler bias range and <100 Hz at the coupler off position. These qualities lead to fast high-fidelity single- and two-qubit gates. By driving at the difference frequency of the two qubits, we realize a iSWAP gate in 258 ns with fidelity 99.72%, and by driving at the sum frequency of the two qubits, we achieve a bSWAP gate in 102 ns with fidelity 99.91%. This latter gate is only five qubit Larmor periods in length. We run cross-entropy benchmarking for over 20 consecutive hours and measure stable gate fidelities, with bSWAP drift (2σ) <0.02% and iSWAP drift <0.08%.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
A novel predefined performance barrier function based adaptive sliding mode control method for RLV under mismatched disturbance
Authors: Wang Mingze , Yang Yuhe , Bai Yuliang 
Published: May 2024

Purpose
This paper aims to present a novel adaptive sliding mode control (ASMC) method based on the predefined performance barrier function for reusable launch vehicle under attitude constraints and mismatched disturbances.

Design/methodology/approach
A novel ASMC based on barrier function is adopted to deal with matched and mismatched disturbances. The upper bounds of the disturbances are not required to be known in advance. Meanwhile, a predefined performance function (PPF) with prescribed convergence time is used to adjust the boundary of the barrier function. The transient performance, including the overshoot, convergence rate and settling time, as well as the steady-state performance of the attitude tracking error are retained in the predetermined region under the barrier function and PPF. The stability of the proposed control method is analyzed via Lyapunov method.

Findings
In contrast to conventional adaptive back-stepping methods, the proposed method is comparatively simple and effective which does not need to disassemble the control system into multiple first-order systems. The proposed barrier function based on PPF can adjust not only the switching gain in an adaptive way but also the convergence time and steady-state error. And the efficiency of the proposed method is illustrated by conducting numerical simulations.

Originality/value
A novel barrier function based ASMC method is proposed to fit in the amplitude of the mismatched and matched disturbances. The transient and steady-state performance of attitude tracking error can be selected as prior control parameters.
Toward a framework for the design of fair shared open spaces case study: Effat University, Jeddah
Authors: Nasreldin Rania , Ibrahim Asmaa 
Published: May 2024

PurposeThis research aims to shed light on the utilization of open spaces at Effat University through a gender lens. By eliminating gender segregation, the study seeks to examine how these spaces are equitably shared between genders, while also delving into the realm of gender sensitive urban design (GSUD). Furthermore, the research strives to gain valuable insights into the experiences of female students in open spaces to propose a framework for the design of fair shared open spaces.Design/methodology/approachTo achieve these objectives, a multi-faceted approach was adopted. First, the research started by reviewing the literature about gender sensitive urban design and inclusive urban design to conclude the indicators examine how open spaces are shared fairly between both genders; second, an online questionnaire was administered to gather comprehensive data. Third, meticulous observations were conducted, involving the study, analysis and mapping of students' activities using maps and photos. Lastly, a walk shop was organized, with a focus group comprising of female participants. The collected data was then analyzed using SPSS descriptive statistics and the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, enabling the identification of key patterns and evaluating female students' satisfaction levels.FindingsThe findings unearth a distinctive perspective on the perception and needs of females within a unique subset of open spaces, referred to as “campus open spaces,” in the context of a gender sensitive urban design. This exploration provides valuable insights into the intricacies of gender dynamics within public spaces, contributing to a more inclusive and equitable environment for all individuals at Effat University, framework shows some of significant indicators that effect on other indicators strongly as sense of safety and security and the diversity of activities that increase visiting rates, sense of belonging.Originality/valueThis research presents a framework aimed at improving the concept of equitable and inclusive, open spaces, particularly on campuses within significant communities like KSA. The focus is on creating fair shared places that facilitate interaction and cater to the social and cultural needs of students, with a particular emphasis on supporting female students. By enhancing their sense of belonging and addressing their unique requirements, this framework aims to positively impact their academic performance while fostering an inclusive and engaging campus environment.
Properties of films and coatings added of tocopherol for food packaging: tool-based review for systematic reviews and bibliometric analysis
Authors: da Costa Danusa Silva , dos Santos Lucely Nogueira , Ferreira Nelson Rosa , Takeuchi Katiuchia Pereira , Lopes Alessandra Santos 
Published: May 2024

PurposeThe aim was not to perform a systematic review but firstly to search in PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science databases on the papers published in the last five years using tools for reviewing the statement of preferred information item for systematic reviews without focusing on a randomized analysis and secondly to perform a bibliometric analysis on the properties of films and coatings added of tocopherol for food packaging.Design/methodology/approachOn January 24, 2022, information was sought on the properties of films and coatings added of tocopherol for use as food packaging published in PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science databases. Further analysis was performed using bibliometric indicators with the VOSviewer tool.FindingsThe searches returned 33 studies concerning the properties of films and coatings added of tocopherol for food packaging, which were analyzed together for a better understanding of the results. Data analysis using the VOSviewer tool allowed a better visualization and exploration of these words and the development of maps that showed the main links between the publications.Originality/valueIn the area of food science and technology, the development of polymers capable of promoting the extension of the shelf life of food products is sought, so the knowledge of the properties is vital for this research area since combining a biodegradable polymeric material with a natural antioxidant active is of great interest for modern society since they associate environmental preservation with food preservation.
Bearing fault diagnosis of induction machines using VMD-DWT and composite multiscale weighted permutation entropy
Authors: Taibi Ahmed , Touati Said , Aomar Lyes , Ikhlef Nabil 
Published: May 2024

Purpose
Bearings play a critical role in the reliable operation of induction machines, and their failure can lead to significant operational challenges and downtime. Detecting and diagnosing these defects is imperative to ensure the longevity of induction machines and preventing costly downtime. The purpose of this paper is to develop a novel approach for diagnosis of bearing faults in induction machine.

Design/methodology/approach
To identify the different fault states of the bearing with accurately and efficiently in this paper, the original bearing vibration signal is first decomposed into several intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) using variational mode decomposition (VMD). The IMFs that contain more noise information are selected using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Subsequently, discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is used to filter the noisy IMFs. Second, the composite multiscale weighted permutation entropy (CMWPE) of each component is calculated to form the features vector. Finally, the features vector is reduced using the locality-sensitive discriminant analysis algorithm, to be fed into the support vector machine model for training and classification.

Findings
The obtained results showed the ability of the VMD_DWT algorithm to reduce the noise of raw vibration signals. It also demonstrated that the proposed method can effectively extract different fault features from vibration signals.

Originality/value
This study suggested a new VMD_DWT method to reduce the noise of the bearing vibration signal. The proposed approach for bearing fault diagnosis of induction machine based on VMD-DWT and CMWPE is highly effective. Its effectiveness has been verified using experimental data.
Multiphysics performance of surrogate models on skewed pole surface-mounted permanent magnet motors
Authors: Ibrahim Issah , Lowther David 
Published: May 2024

Purpose
Evaluating the multiphysics performance of an electric motor can be a computationally intensive process, especially where several complex subsystems of the motor are coupled together. For example, evaluating acoustic noise requires the coupling of the electromagnetic, structural and acoustic models of the electric motor. Where skewed poles are considered in the design, the problem becomes a purely three-dimensional (3D) multiphysics problem, which could increase the computational burden astronomically. This study, therefore, aims to introduce surrogate models in the design process to reduce the computational cost associated with solving such 3D-coupled multiphysics problems.

Design/methodology/approach
The procedure involves using the finite element (FE) method to generate a database of several skewed rotor pole surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motors and their corresponding electromagnetic, structural and acoustic performances. Then, a surrogate model is fitted to the data to generate mapping functions that could be used in place of the time-consuming FE simulations.

Findings
It was established that the surrogate models showed promising results in predicting the multiphysics performance of skewed pole surface-mounted permanent magnet motors. As such, such models could be used to handle the skewing aspects, which has always been a major design challenge due to the scarcity of simulation tools with stepwise skewing capability.

Originality/value
The main contribution involves the use of surrogate models to replace FE simulations during the design cycle of skewed pole surface-mounted permanent magnet motors without compromising the integrity of the electromagnetic, structural, and acoustic results of the motor.