bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transient Grounding Characteristics of an Actual Wind Turbine Generator System at a Low‐resistivity Site
Authors: Yamamoto Kazuo , Yanagawa Shunichi , Sekioka Shozo , Yokoyama Shigeru 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn order to exploit high wind conditions, wind turbine generator systems are often constructed in places where few tall structures exist; therefore, they are often struck by lightning. Much of the damage caused by lightning is from the resulting breakdown and malfunction of the electrical, communication, and control systems inside the wind turbine generator system; these breakdowns can be attributed to a rise in electric potential both within the system and in the surroundings due to lightning. Impulse tests were conducted on a wind turbine generator system at a disposal site where the conductivity of the ground was very low, like that found on the surface of the sea. The rise in ground potential of the system, and around its foundation, was measured. When a wind turbine generator system is constructed at a site where the grounding resistivity is very low, the potential rise at the wave front typically becomes larger than that of the steady state because of the inductivity of the grounding system. Therefore, it is very important that the transient characteristics of the grounding system are well understood. Copyright © 2010 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Zellweger syndrome with unusual findings: non‐immune hydrops fetalis, dermal erythropoiesis and hypoplastic toe nails
Authors: Dursun Ali , Gucer Safak , Ebberink M. S. , Yigit Sule , Wanders R. J. A. , Waterham H. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe peroxisomal biogenesis disorders (PBDs) comprise the Zellweger spectrum disorders (i.e., Zellweger syndrome, neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy, and infantile Refsum disease) and rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata. Peroxisomal biogenesis disorders can be caused by mutations in any of 13 currently known PEX genes, which encode peroxins involved in peroxisomal protein import and/or assembly of the organelle. We report here on a Turkish patient who presented with unusual clinical findings, that included non‐immune hydrops, dermal erythropoiesis and hypoplastic toenails, as well as common dysmorphic features of Zellweger syndrome. The patient has also pulmonary hypoplasia, which has been reported in only a few patients with Zellweger syndrome. A peroxisomal biogenesis disorder was confirmed by enzyme analysis and abnormal very long‐chain fatty acid (VLCFA) profiles in plasma and fibroblast and immunofluorescence microscopy studies. Subsequent molecular genetic analysis revealed a homozygous c.856C>T mutation (R268X) in the PEX3 gene, which made this patient the third to have a defect in this gene. In contrast to those of the two previously reported patients, the cells of this patient still contained peroxisomal membrane structures (ghosts), seen by immunofluorescence microscopy analysis. The case presented here and the two previously reported cases point out that a PEX3 gene defect may present with fairly heterogeneous clinical findings. This case also raises a possibility that hydrops fetalis may be associated with a PEX3 gene defect and that peroxisomal disorders can be considered in the etiology of hydrops fetalis as well as other cell organelle disorders when one is considering yet undiscovered complementation groups in peroxisomal disorders.
Life-threatening carotid haemorrhage following blunt trauma
Authors: Kumar A , Ahmed J , Reading N , Patil S , Jayaraj S 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIntroduction:We report a case of internal carotid arterial damage following blunt neck trauma. This rare mechanism of injury demands a high index of suspicion to enable prompt specialist management.Case report:A 22-year-old man presented to hospital after sustaining blunt neck trauma. Rapid onset of stridor necessitated an emergency tracheostomy. Computed tomography angiography demonstrated a tear of the right internal carotid artery, which was repaired surgically.Discussion:Blunt carotid vessel injury, although rare, has a high mortality rate. Mechanisms of injury include hyperextension and contralateral neck rotation, a direct blow to the vessel, and laceration by adjacent bony structures. The ‘gold standard’ investigation for suspected blunt carotid vessel injury is catheter angiography, although this carries a small risk of stroke. Computed tomography angiography is a less invasive, alternative investigation which has almost equivalent accuracy. The extent of damage to the vessel wall will dictate treatment. In our literature review, we discuss the presentation, investigation and different treatment modalities available.Conclusion:This case highlights an unusual mechanism of carotid artery injury, with a delayed, potentially fatal presentation. Such injury demands a high index of suspicion, and confirmation with specific investigations. Management is hazardous and requires experienced personnel in all aspects of care.
The home language environment of monolingual and bilingual children and their language proficiency
Authors: SCHEELE ANNA F. , LESEMAN PAUL P. M. , MAYO AZIZA Y. 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the relationships between home language learning activities and vocabulary in a sample of monolingual native Dutch (n= 58) and bilingual immigrant Moroccan–Dutch (n= 46) and Turkish–Dutch (n= 55) 3-year-olds, speaking Tarifit-Berber, a nonscripted language, and Turkish as their first language (L1), respectively. Despite equal domain general cognitive abilities, Dutch children scored higher than the bilingual children on a L1 vocabulary test, and Moroccan–Dutch children had higher second language (L2) vocabulary skills compared to Turkish–Dutch children. Multigroup analyses revealed strong impact on both L1 and L2 skills of language specific input in literate and oral activities. Finally, indications were found of positive cross-language transfer from L1 to L2 as well as competition between L1 and L2 input.
Landings profiles and potential métiers in Greek set longliners
Authors: Katsanevakis Stelios , Maravelias Christos D. , Kell Laurie T. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Katsanevakis, S., Maravelias, C. D., and Kell, L. T. 2010. Landings profiles and potential métiers in Greek set longliners. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 646–656. A very large number (>14 000) of generally small vessels operate as longliners in Greek seas. The aim of this study was to identify potential set longline métiers, based on a large sample of landings records from all over Greece. Landings data from set longliners between 2002 and 2006, collected from several ports in the Aegean and East Ionian Sea, were used. The landings profiles were grouped using a two-step procedure, the first involving factorial analysis of the log-transformed landing profiles, and the second a classification of the factorial coordinates (hierarchical agglomerative clustering). In all, 13 métiers were identified in the Aegean Sea and 7 in the Ionian Sea. The most important métiers identified were those targeting white sea bream (Diplodus sargus), hake (Merluccius merluccius), common sea bream (Pagrus pagrus), and common pandora (Pagellus erythrinus), and mixed métiers. Varying spatial (within the Aegean and Ionian Seas) and seasonal patterns were evident for the métiers identified, indicating that fisher motivation to engage in a specific métier varies both spatially and temporally.
E‐learning vs lecture: which is the best approach to surgical teaching?
Authors: Bhatti I. , Jones K. , Richardson L. , Foreman D. , Lund J. , Tierney G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAim  Most medical teaching is still delivered by traditional face‐to‐face interaction. E‐learning has the potential benefit of instilling deeper learning of topics by virtue of repeated and convenient access to content presented in a range of media. We aimed to evaluate objectively the benefit of educating medical students on a common surgical topic (haemorrhoids), through a website and podcast package vs a traditional lecture.Method  Baseline knowledge was established by a questionnaire given to two different groups of third‐year medical students starting their first clinical attachment. Group A (n = 73) was given a lecture and group B (n = 75) was asked to use a website containing text and pictures augmented by a podcast. Students were reassessed using the same preintervention questionnaire, and satisfaction was acquired from details given in a feedback form.Results  There was no difference in knowledge between the two groups at baseline. Both groups demonstrated significant gains in knowledge after intervention (P < 0.0001). Group B (Web/podcast) showed a significantly greater increase in knowledge (P < 0.05) than group A (lecture). Preintervention subjective assessment of knowledge rated by the students showed no difference between the groups. Both groups of students were equally satisfied with the educational method.Conclusion  E‐learning supplemented with a podcast results in greater knowledge acquisition when compared with a traditional lecture, without a loss of satisfaction with teaching. Using augmented Web‐based educational tools reduces demands on teaching time with no decrease in quality for selected parts of the curriculum.
SPC: Fast and Efficient Scalable Predictive Coding of Animated Meshes
Authors: Stefanoski Nikolče , Ostermann Jörn 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAnimated meshes are often represented by a sequence of static meshes with constant connectivity. Due to their frame‐based representation they usually occupy a vast amount of bandwidth or disk space. We present a fast and efficient scalable predictive coding (SPC) scheme for frame‐based representations of animated meshes. SPC decomposes animated meshes in spatial and temporal layers which are efficiently encoded in one pass through the animation. Coding is performed in a streamable and scalable fashion. Dependencies between neighbouring spatial and temporal layers are predictively exploited using the already encoded spatio‐temporal neighbourhood. Prediction is performed in the space of rotation‐invariant coordinates compensating local rigid motion. SPC supports spatial and temporal scalability, and it enables efficient compression as well as fast encoding and decoding. Parts of SPC were adopted in the MPEG‐4 FAMC standard. However, SPC significantly outperforms the streaming mode of FAMC with coding gains of over 33%, while in comparison to the scalable FAMC, SPC achieves coding gains of up to 15%. SPC has the additional advantage over FAMC of achieving real‐time encoding and decoding rates while having only low memory requirements. Compared to some other non‐scalable state‐of‐the‐art approaches, SPC shows superior compression performance with gains of over 16% in bit‐rate.
The Safety and Efficacy of Continuous Transcranial Duplex Doppler Monitoring of Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Acute Stroke Patients: Comparison of TCDD and Thrombolysis in MCA Recanalization
Authors: Šaňák Daniel , Herzig Roman , Školoudík David , Horák David , Zapletalová Jana , Köcher Martin , Kaňovský Petr 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEAssess the safety and efficacy of the continuous transcranial duplex Doppler (TCDD) monitoring of middle cerebral artery (MCA) (M1‐2) occlusion in acute ischemic stroke (IS) patients and compare TCDD to intra‐arterial thrombolysis (IAT) and intravenous thrombolysis (IVT).METHODSForty consecutive acute IS patients were analyzed. Standard IVT was performed within 3 hours since stroke onset in 20 patients; between 3 and 6 hours continual 60 minute TCDD monitoring of occluded MCA using 2‐MHz probe was performed in 10 patients and IAT in 10 patients. Neurological deficit was evaluated using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and clinical outcome using modified Rankin Scale. The incidence of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH), clinical outcomes, and recanalization rates were compared among TCDD, IVT, and IAT. Analysis of variance, Kruskal‐Wallis, and χ2 tests were used for statistical evaluation.RESULTSIncidence of sICH was 0% in TCDD group, 5% in IVT, and 20% in IAT (P= .198). Good 90‐day clinical outcome (mRS 0‐2) was achieved in 70% of TCDD patients (P= .570); recanalization after TCDD was found in 60% of patients (IVT 45%, IAT 70%) (P= .185).CONCLUSIONContinual TCDD monitoring might be safe and potentially beneficial in treatment of MCA occlusion.
Antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi associated with Orchidaceae in Brazil
Authors: Vaz Aline B.M. , Mota Rubens C. , Bomfim Maria Rosa Q. , Vieira Mariana L.A. , Zani Carlos L. , Rosa Carlos A. , Rosa Luiz H. 
Published: December 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from the leaves, stems, and roots of 54 species of Orchidaceae collected in a Brazilian tropical ecosystem. In total, 382 filamentous fungi and 13 yeast isolates were obtained and cultured to examine the production of crude extracts. Thirty-three percent of the isolates displayed antimicrobial activity against at least one target microorganism. The multivariate statistical analyses conducted indicate that the extracts of endophytic fungi isolated from leaves of terrestrial orchids in semideciduous forest were more active against Escherichia coli , whereas extracts of endophytic fungi from roots of rupicolous orchids collected in rock fields were more active against Candida krusei and Candida albicans . Among the fungi that were screened in the study, 22 isolates held their antimicrobial activities after replication and were therefore selected for assessment of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), which ranged from 62.5 to 250 µg/mL and 7.8 to 250 µg/mL against bacteria and fungi, respectively. One isolate of Alternaria sp. and one isolate of Fusarium oxysporum presented the strongest antibacterial activity. Three Fusarium isolates, Epicoccum nigrum , and Sclerostagonospora opuntiae showed the greatest MIC values against the pathogenic yeasts. This study is the first survey investigating the bioactive potential of endophytic fungi associated with tropical Orchidaceae species present in Brazilian ecosystems.
Therapy to improve gestural expression in aphasia: a controlled clinical trial
Authors: Daumüller Maike , Goldenberg Georg 
Published: December 2009

Objectives: To assess whether production of communicative gestures can be ameliorated by therapy, to explore factors that might influence individual variability of therapeutic success and to find out whether therapy effects generalize to unpractised gestures. Setting: Hospital department specializing in rehabilitation of patients with neuropsychological disorders. Subjects: Twenty-three consecutive severely aphasic patients received therapy; ten were tested repeatedly without interpolated therapy. Design: Twenty-four communicative gestures were divided into three sets of eight gestures. In the therapy group one set was practised during each of three consecutive periods and after that period changes in proficiency were assessed for all three sets. Comparisons were made between changes of practised and unpractised gestures during each therapy period within the therapy group, and between changes of unpractised gestures in the therapy group, and the changes brought forward by repeated testing in the control group. Interventions: Therapy was centred on familiarizing patients with the communicative functions of gestures and on improving the spatial precision of their gestures. Main measure: Scoring of gestures considered their accuracy and the necessity of assistance. Results: Therapy led to substantial improvement of practised gestures. There was also improvement of unpractised gestures which was significantly smaller than that of practised gestures but greater than the improvement induced by repeated testing in the control group. Conclusions: In view of the limited generalization, gesture therapy should concentrate on gestures that are relevant for communication in daily living of the individual patients.
Exercise on a treadmill or walking outdoors? A randomized controlled trial comparing effectiveness of two walking exercise programmes late after stroke
Authors: Langhammer Birgitta , Stanghelle Johan K 
Published: December 2009

Objective: To evaluate spatial and temporal gait characteristics and endurance late after stroke in people who had received two different walking exercises. A secondary aim was to compare the outcomes in relation to length of time exercising and number of exercise occasions between the two. Design: A randomized controlled trial. Setting: A private rehabilitation centre. Subjects: Thirty-nine people with stroke entered the study, and five dropped out. Interventions: Treadmill training versus walking outdoors. Main measures: Six-Minute Walk Test, a 10-metre walk test and pulse rates at rest and in activity. Results: There were significant differences in favour of the treadmill group in Six-Minute Walk Test distance (P = 0.04), Six-Minute Walk Test speed (P = 0.03), 10-m walking speed (P = 0.03), bilateral stride length (right leg; P =0.009, left leg; P =0.003) and step width (P = 0.01), indicating more symmetrical use of the legs in the treadmill group (1.02—1.10 m versus 0.97—0.92 m). There were no significant differences between groups in cadence (P = 0.78). All participants complied 100% with their respective programmes. Exercise frequency did not differ between the groups but significantly less time was spent exercising on the treadmill compared with walking exercise outdoors (107 versus 316 minutes, P =0.002). There were no differences in use of assistive aids between the groups on arrival at the clinic or at departure. Conclusion: The results indicate that treadmill walking improves spatial and temporal gait characteristics more effectively than walking outdoors.
An integrated programme after pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: effect on emotional and functional dimensions of quality of life
Authors: Moullec G. , Ninot G. 
Published: December 2009

Objective: To assess whether a maintenance integrated health care programme is effective in improving functional and emotional dimensions of quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) after a first pulmonary rehabilitation. Design: Prospective controlled trial. Setting: Three rehabilitation centres and three patient self-help associations within a health care network in France. Subjects: Forty patients with moderate to severe COPD. Interventions: After a first four-week inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation programme, patients took part in a maintenance integrated health care programme or usual care for 12 months. Main measures: The primary outcomes were the change in functional and emotional dimensions of quality of life measured by the St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), the brief World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire (Brief-WHOQOL) and six specific questions using a 10-cm visual analogue scale. Secondary outcomes were change in exercise tolerance measured by six-minute walking test and cycle exercise. Results: At one year, the maintenance intervention (n = 11) produced improvements in functional and emotional dimensions scores of quality of life and exercise tolerance. Patients in the usual aftercare group (n = 16) exhibited maintenance of functional dimension scores of quality of life, but a clinically relevant decline in emotional scores of quality of life and in six-minute walking distance one year after the pulmonary rehabilitation. Conclusion: Patient self-help association seems to be an innovative and efficient organizational structure to support patients with COPD after pulmonary rehabilitation in real-life settings. A distinction between emotional and functional dimensions of quality of life may improve the design and evaluation of integrated health care programmes in patients with COPD.
TLK1B promotes repair of DSBs via its interaction with Rad9 and Asf1
Authors: Canfield Caroline , Rains Justin , De Benedetti Arrigo 
Published: December 2009

Abstract

Background
The Tousled-like kinases are involved in chromatin assembly, DNA repair, transcription, and chromosome segregation. Previous evidence indicated that TLK1B can promote repair of plasmids with cohesive ends in vitro, but it was inferred that the mechanism was indirect and via chromatin assembly, mediated by its interaction with the chromatin assembly factor Asf1. We recently identified Rad9 as a substrate of TLK1B, and we presented evidence that the TLK1B-Rad9 interaction plays some role in DSB repair. Hence the relative contribution of Asf1 and Rad9 to the protective effect of TLK1B in DSBs repair is not known. Using an adeno-HO-mediated cleavage system in MM3MG cells, we previously showed that overexpression of either TLK1B or a kinase-dead protein (KD) promoted repair and the assembly of Rad9 in proximity of the DSB at early time points post-infection. This established that it is a chaperone activity of TLK1B and not directly the kinase activity that promotes recruitment of 9-1-1 to the DSB. However, the phosphorylation of Rad9(S328) by TLK1B appeared important for mediating a cell cycle checkpoint, and thus, this phosphorylation of Rad9 may have other effects on 9-1-1 functionality.

Results
Here we present direct evidence that TLK1B can promote repair of linearized plasmids with incompatible ends that require processing prior to ligation. Immunodepletion of Rad9 indicated that Rad9 was important for processing the ends preceding ligation, suggesting that the interaction of TLK1B with Rad9 is a key mediator for this type of repair. Ligation of incompatible ends also required DNA-PK, as addition of wortmannin or immunodepletion of Ku70 abrogated ligation. Depletion of Ku70 prevented the ligation of the plasmid but did not affect stimulation of the fill-in of the ends by added TLK1B, which was attributed to Rad9. From experiments with the HO-cleavage system, we now show that Rad17, a subunit of the "clamp loader", associates normally with the DSB in KD-overexpressing cells. However, the subsequent release of Rad17 and Rad9 upon repair of the DSB was significantly slower in these cells compared to controls or cells expressing wt-TLK1B.

Conclusions
TLKs play important roles in DNA repair, not only by modulation of chromatin assembly via Asf1, but also by a more direct function in processing the ends of a DSB via interaction with Rad9. Inhibition of Rad9 phosphorylation in KD-overexpressing cells may have consequences in signaling completion of the repair and cell cycle re-entry, and could explain a loss of viability from DSBs in these cells.