bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histopathological changes in brain arteriovenous malformations after embolization using Onyx or N-butyl cyanoacrylate
Authors: Natarajan Sabareesh Kumar , Born Donald , Ghodke Basavaraj , Britz Gavin W. , Sekhar Laligam N. 
Published: March 2009

Object
The aim of this study was to analyze the histopathological changes in a consecutive series of 32 patients with brain arteriovenous malformations that were resected after undergoing endovascular embolization (22 using Onyx and 10 using N-butyl cyanoacrylate [NBCA]).

Methods
Selections from fixed paraffin-embedded specimens were stained for histological examination with H & E and Verhoeff-van Gieson stain. Lipid dye Oil Red O was used to stain vessel specimens that were embolized using NBCA. Specimens were evaluated for the presence of embolic agent, inflammation, angionecrosis, and evidence of recanalization. These results were correlated with the time interval between the bleeding, embolization, and resection.

Results
The smallest vessel occluded by the embolic agent was 5 μm in the Onyx group and 20 μm in the NBCA group. There was evidence of vascular or perivascular inflammation in 20 (90.9%) of 22 and 9 (90%) of 10 specimens after Onyx and NBCA embolization, respectively. Chronic foreign-body giant cells were observed in 12 (54.5%) of 22 specimens after Onyx embolization, but were absent in specimens after NBCA embolization. Angionecrosis of the embolized vessel was observed in 13 (59.1%) of 22 specimens and in 4 (40%) of 10 specimens after Onyx and NBCA embolization, respectively. There was evidence of recanalization in Onyx embolized vessels in 4 (18.2%) of 22 specimens, and there was no evidence of recanalization after NBCA embolization.

Conclusions
Onyx penetrates much smaller vessels than NBCA. Inflammation occurs with both embolic agents at equal frequency. Evidence of chronic foreign-body giant cells and recanalization after Onyx embolization shows a long-standing reaction to Onyx and raises questions about the permanence of occlusion after Onyx embolization.
Extended endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach for residual or recurrent craniopharyngiomas
Authors: Cavallo Luigi M. , Prevedello Daniel M. , Solari Domenico , Gardner Paul A. , Esposito Felice , Snyderman Carl H. , Carrau Ricardo L. , Kassam Amin B. , Cappabianca Paolo 
Published: March 2009

Object
The management of recurrent or residual craniopharyngiomas remains controversial. Although possible, revision surgery is more challenging than primary surgery, and more often results in incomplete resection and an increased risk of death and complications. The extended (also called expanded) endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach through the planum sphenoidale has been proposed over the past decade as an alternative surgical route for removal of various suprasellar tumors including craniopharyngiomas. In this study, the authors describe the feasibility and advantages of this technique in recurrent or symptomatic residual craniopharyngiomas.

Methods
Between January 2004 and June 2008, 22 patients underwent surgery via the extended endoscopic transsphenoidal approach for the treatment of recurrent or residual symptomatic craniopharyngiomas at either the University of Pittsburgh or the Universita degli Studi di Napoli. The lesions included 12 purely suprasellar craniopharyngiomas, 9 with both intra- and suprasellar extensions, and 1 arising from a remnant in the Meckel cave. To better evaluate the features of the extended endonasal approach for recurrent or residual craniopharyngiomas, each patient was assigned to 1 of 3 subgroups depending on the original surgical treatment: transcranial pterional route (13 patients), transphenoidal approach (3 patients; 2 microsurgically and 1 with the standard endoscopic technique), or extended endonasal endoscopic approach (6 patients).

Results
Total removal was achieved in 9 patients (40.9%), and in 8 patients (36.4%) near-total removal (defined as > 95% removal) was possible. Subtotal removal (> 70%) was attained in 4 patients (18.2%), and tumor removal was partial (< 50%) in only 1 case (4.5%). There were no deaths or major complications, including behavior changes. Postoperative CSF leaks developed in 2 patients in the transcranial subgroup, and 1 in the transsphenoidal subgroup (overall rate 13.6%), requiring early successful endoscopic revision surgery for the cranial base defect.

Conclusions
Most of the advantages of the endoscopic endonasal technique were noted during tumor dissection from the inferior aspect of the chiasm, the infundibulum, the third ventricle, and/or the retro- and parasellar areas. These benefits were best appreciated in patients who had originally undergone transcranial surgery, since in such cases the authors' endoscopic endonasal approach was a virgin route. However, the extended endoscopic endonasal technique can also be safely used in patients who originally underwent transsphenoidal surgery. The endoscopic endonasal technique should be considered as a therapeutic option in selected cases of recurrent or symptomatic residual craniopharyngiomas.
Long-term outcomes of Gamma Knife radiosurgery for classic trigeminal neuralgia: implications of treatment and critical review of the literature
Authors: Dhople Anil A. , Adams Jared R. , Maggio William W. , Naqvi Shahid A. , Regine William F. , Kwok Young 
Published: March 2009

Object
Few long-term studies of Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) for trigeminal neuralgia (TN) exist. The authors report their long-term experience with the use of GKS in a previously reported cohort of patients with TN that has now been followed since 1996.

Methods
One hundred twelve patients with TN were treated with GKS at the University of Maryland between June 1996 and July 2001. Of these, 67% had no invasive operations for TN prior to GKS, 13% had 1, 4% had 2, and 16% had ≥ 3. The right side was affected in 56% of cases, predominantly involving V2 (26%), V3 (24%), or a combination of both (18%) branches. The median age at diagnosis was 56 years, and median age at GKS was 64 years. The median prescription dose of 75 Gy (range 70–80 Gy) was delivered to the involved trigeminal nerve root entry zone. The authors assessed the degree of pain before and after GKS by using the Barrow Neurological Institute (BNI) pain scale.

Results
In total, 102 patients took the survey at least once, for a response rate of 91%. Although not found to alter the conclusions of this study, 7 cases of atypical TN were found and these patients were removed, for a total of 95 cases herein analyzed. The median follow-up was 5.6 years (range 13–115 months). Before GKS, 88% of patients categorized their pain as BNI IV or V (inadequate control or severe pain on medication), whereas the remainder described their pain as BNI III (some pain, but controlled on medication). After GKS, 64% reported a BNI score of I (no pain, no medications), 5% had BNI II (no pain, still on medication), 12% had BNI III, and 19% reported a BNI score of IV or V. The median time to response was 2 weeks (range 0–12 weeks) and the median response duration was 32 months (range 0–112 months). Eighty-one percent reported initial pain relief, and actuarial rates of freedom from treatment failure at 1, 3, 5, and 7 years were 60, 41, 34, and 22%, respectively. Response duration was significantly better for those who had no prior invasive treatment versus those in whom a previous surgical intervention had failed (32 vs 21 months, p < 0.02). New bothersome facial numbness was reported in 6% of cases.

Conclusions
This study represents one of the longest reported median follow-up periods and actuarial results for a cohort of patients with classic TN treated with GKS. Although GKS achieves excellent rates of initial pain relief, these results suggest a steady rate of late failure, particularly among patients who had undergone prior invasive surgical treatment. Despite a higher than expected recurrence rate, GKS remains a viable treatment option, particularly for patients who have had no prior invasive procedures. Patients with recurrences can still be offered salvage therapy with either repeat GKS, microvascular decompression, or rhizotomy.
Bruch mit dem Dogma metallkoordinierender Carbonsäuren in Integrinliganden: Änderung von Selektivität und Aktivität durch Hydroxamsäuren als MIDAS‐Binder
Authors: Heckmann Dominik , Laufer Burkhardt , Marinelli Luciana , Limongelli Vittorio , Novellino Ettore , Zahn Grit , Stragies Roland , Kessler Horst 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSubstitution einer Carboxygruppe: Alle Integrinrezeptoren binden ihre Liganden, die einen Aspartatrest enthalten, in der Metallionen‐abhängigen Adhäsionsstelle (MIDAS). Bislang waren alle Versuche, die Carboxygruppe durch andere isostere Gruppen mit verbesserten pharmakologischen Eigenschaften zu ersetzen, gescheitert. Nun wurde gezeigt, dass die Carboxygruppe unter Beibehaltung der hohen Bindungsaktivität durch eine Hydroxamsäureeinheit ersetzt werden kann (Bild: Ligand in der Bindungstasche von αvβ3).magnified image
Effects of wheat straw fiber content and characteristics, and coupling agent concentration on the mechanical properties of wheat straw fiber‐polypropylene composites
Authors: Pan Ming‐Zhu , Zhou Ding‐Guo , Bousmina Mosto , Zhang S. Y. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWheat straw fiber‐polypropylene (PP) composites were prepared to investigate the effects of wheat straw fiber content (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 wt %), fiber size (9, 28, and 35 mesh), and maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) concentration (1, 2, 5, and 10 wt %) on the static and dynamic mechanical properties of the wheat straw fiber‐PP composites in this study. The tensile modulus and strength of the composites increased linearly with increasing wheat straw fiber content up to 40%, whereas the elongation at break decreased dramatically to 3.78%. Compared with the composites made of the longer wheat straw fiber, the composites made of the fines (>35 mesh) had a slightly higher tensile strength of 31.2 MPa and tensile elongation of 5.39% at break. With increasing MAPP concentration, the composites showed an increase in tensile strength, and the highest tensile strength of 34.0 MPa occurred when the MAPP concentration reached 10 wt %. As wheat straw fiber content increased from 0 to 40%, the flexural modulus of the composites increased gradually from 1335 to 3437 MPa. The MAPP concentration and wheat straw fiber size distribution had no appreciable effect on the static flexural modulus of the composites. The storage flexural modulus of the composites increased with increasing wheat straw fiber content. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation on the fracture surface of the composites indicated that a high wheat straw fiber content (>30 wt %) resulted in fiber agglomeration and a reduction in interfacial bonding strength. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
The effects of experimental parameters on the extent of intercalation of PMMA/MMT nanocomposites prepared in solution
Authors: Huskić M. , Žigon M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe effects of various parameters on nanocomposite preparation by solution intercalation were studied. Nanocomposites of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and commercial organically modified montmorillonites (MMT) were prepared in solvents of different polarities, from strongly polar protic ethanol to nonpolar toluene. The extent of intercalation was studied in correlation with processing parameters, such as time of intercalation, temperature, concentration of PMMA/MMT in solution, and method of preparation determined by X‐ray diffractometer. Solvent polarity was the most important of all studied parameters. In general, the lower the dielectric constant of the solvent, the better the intercalation is; however, the exact correlation also depends on the type of modifier. Another important parameter is isolation of the nanocomposite, whereas other studied parameters are of minor importance. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Effects of layered silicate structure on the mechanical properties and structures of protein‐based bionanocomposites
Authors: Chang Peter R. , Yang Yu , Huang Jin , Xia Wenbing , Feng Liangdong , Wu Jiangyu 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn this work, a nonconventional protein source of pea protein isolate (PPI) was filled with montmorillonite (MMT) and rectorite (REC) by solution intercalation respectively, and then the reinforced PPI‐based nanocomposites were produced by hot press. The structure and interaction in the nanocomposites were investigated by FTIR, XRD, DSC, DMA, and pH and Zeta‐potential tests whereas the reinforcing effect was verified by tensile test. Furthermore, the origin of enhancing mechanical performances and the effects of layered silicate structure were explored. Although the MMT with lower negative‐charge surface and smaller apparent size of crude particles was easier to be exfoliated completely, the exfoliated REC nanoplatelets with more negative‐charge could form stronger electrostatic interaction with positive‐charge‐rich domains of PPI molecules, and hence produced the highest strength in two series of nanocomposites. In this case, the newly formed hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interaction on the surface of silicate lamellas guaranteed the transferring of the stress to rigid layered silicates. The cooperative effect of newly formed physical interaction between layered silicates and PPI molecules as well as the spatial occupancy of intercalated agglomerates of layered silicates destroyed the original microphase structure of PPI matrix and cleaved the entanglements among PPI molecules. It was not in favor of enhancing the elongation and strength. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
A Porous Coordination Polymer with Accessible Metal Sites and its Complementary Coordination Action
Authors: Sakamoto Hirotoshi , Matsuda Ryotaro , Bureekaew Sareeya , Tanaka Daisuke , Kitagawa Susumu 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBroken switch: Guest‐accessible metal sites are generated on the pore surface of a porous coordination polymer (see figure) through the complementary coordination‐bond rearrangement in a single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal fashion, which is triggered by the removal of coordinated water.magnified image
A maternal high‐fat diet during pregnancy in rats results in a greater risk of carcinogen‐induced mammary tumors in the female offspring than exposure to a high‐fat diet in postnatal life
Authors: Lo Chung‐Yu , Hsieh Pei‐Hsuan , Chen Hui‐Feng , Su Hui‐Min 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe association between a high‐fat diet and breast cancer risk is controversial. We hypothesized that the exposure of rats to a high‐fat diet in utero
via the maternal diet would result in a greater risk of carcinogen‐induced mammary tumors than high‐fat diet exposure in postnatal life. Rats were exposed to a high‐fat diet with 40% of the energy source as safflower oil in utero (In utero group), at postnatal days 30–50 (Puberty group), postnatal days 150–170 (Adult group), postnatal days 1–230 (Postnatal group) or for their whole life from in utero (Whole group). Chow diet‐fed rats were used as the Nonexposure group. Mammary tumor incidence was significantly higher in the In utero (60%), Postnatal (61%) and Whole (91%) groups than in the Nonexposure group (32%), but there was no significant difference between the Puberty (44%), Adult (44%) and Nonexposure groups. Arachidonic acid levels were 10 times higher in mammary tumor tissue than in the normal mammary gland across all groups and were positively correlated with tumor weight. We conclude that the timing, but not the duration, of high‐fat diet exposure makes rats more susceptible to carcinogen‐induced mammary tumors and that exposure in utero to a maternal high‐fat diet during pregnancy is more important in increasing the risk of mammary tumors in the female offspring than exposure of the offspring to the same high‐fat diet later in life. © 2009 UICC
Peripheral nerve regeneration by transplantation of BMSC‐derived Schwann cells as chitosan gel sponge scaffolds
Authors: Ishikawa Namiko , Suzuki Yoshihisa , Dezawa Mari , Kataoka Kazuya , Ohta Masayoshi , Cho Hirotomi , Ide Chizuka 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIt is said that bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are able to differentiate into different kinds of cells, including Schwann cells, under relevant conditions (Dezawa et al., Eur J Neurosci 2001;14:1771–1776). In the previous paper, we demonstrated that chitosan gel sponge is one of the effective scaffolds for regenerating axons of the rat sciatic nerve (Ishikawa et al., J Biomed Mater Res A 2007;83:33–40). In the present study, we examined whether BMSC‐derived Schwann cells with chitosan gel sponges were one of the effective scaffolds for peripheral nerve regeneration in rats. BMSC‐derived cells with Schwann cell characteristics were labeled by green fluorescent protein using a retrovirus. An 8‐mm gap was made by removing a nerve segment from the rat peripheral nerve, and chitosan gel sponges containing BMSC‐derived Schwann cells were grafted, sandwiching the proximal and distal stumps of the transected nerve. Rats were sacrificed at 7, 14, and 28 days, and 2 and 4 months after transplantation. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that regenerating axons were found near transplanted Schwann cells 7 days after surgery and extended into the host distal nerve segment at 14 days after surgery. Electron microscopy showed that transplanted Schwann cells formed myelin sheaths on regenerating axons 1 month after transplantation. The mean diameter of myelinated fibers was increased from 2.58 μm at 2 months to 2.84 μm at 4 months postsurgery. This study indicates that chitosan gel sponges containing BMSC‐derived Schwann cells have strong potentiality as a graft that can be used for peripheral nerve regeneration. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
Fibroblasts regulate monocyte response to ECM‐derived matrix: The effects on monocyte adhesion and the production of inflammatory, matrix remodeling, and growth factor proteins
Authors: Chung Amy S. , Kao Weiyuan John 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMonocytes/macrophages and fibroblasts are recruited to the injury site and orchestrate the host response and tissue repair. We have previously shown that polyethylene glycol (PEG)‐ylated arginine‐glycine‐aspartic acid (RGD) sequence grafted onto an extracellular matrix (ECM)‐based semi‐interpenetrating network (sIPN) enhances monocyte adhesion, and modulates subsequent gene expression and release of inflammatory and matrix remodeling factors. In this study, we investigate the direct influence of fibroblasts on monocyte response to this ECM mimic. Key wound‐healing factors in inflammation, matrix remodeling, and regeneration were analyzed to gain insight into the interrelated role of regulation in fibroblast‐monocyte interaction. Interleukin‐1alpha/‐1beta (IL‐1α/‐1β), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), monocyte inflammatory protein‐1alpha/‐1beta (MIP‐1α/‐1β), transforming growth factor‐alpha (TGF‐α), monocyte chemoattractant factor (MCP‐1), matrix metalloproteinase‐2/‐9 (MMP‐2/‐9), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) were analyzed. Fibroblasts decreased monocyte adhesion onto the RGD‐grafted sIPN while increasing monocyte GM‐CSF on all surfaces over time except for on RGD and PHSRN‐grafted sIPN at 96 h. Monocytes decreased initial fibroblast IL‐1α and TGF‐α, but drastically increased fibroblast MMP‐2 and GM‐CSF. Monocyte IL‐1β, TNF‐α, MIP‐1β, MCP‐1, MMP‐9, and GM‐CSF expression was increased over time in the presence of all sIPNs, and when the sIPNs were immobilized with ligands, a down‐regulation of fibroblast IL‐1β, MIP‐1α, MIP‐1β compared with unmodified sIPN was observed. When the ligand immobilized was RGD, monocyte TGF‐α, MIP‐1β, and VEGF expression was increased while monocyte GM‐CSF was decreased at selected time points. These results showed a dynamic monocyte response to selected ECM components in the presence of fibroblasts. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
Syntheses of 6,8‐disubstituted‐9‐β‐D‐ribofuranosylpurine 3′,5′‐cyclic phosphates
Authors: Boswell Kay H. , Christensen Leon F. , Shuman Dennis A. , Robins Roland K. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA series of 6,8‐disubstituted‐9‐β‐D‐ribofuranosylpurine 3′,5′‐cyclic phosphates were prepared employing preformed 9‐β‐D‐ribofuranosylpurine 3′,5′‐cyclic phosphate precursors. Three synthetic approaches were utilized to accomplish the syntheses. The first approach involved a study of the order of nucleophilic substitution, 6 vs 8, of the intermediate 6,8‐dichloro‐9‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyipurine 3′,5′‐cyclic phosphates (2) with various nucleophilic agents to yield 8‐amino‐6‐chloro‐, 8‐chloro‐6‐(diethylamino)‐, 6‐chloro‐8‐(diethylamino)‐, 6,8‐bis‐(diethylamino)‐ and 8‐(benzylthio)‐6‐chloro‐9‐β‐D‐ribofuranosylpurine 3′,5′‐cyclic phosphate (4, 9, 10, 11, 13) respectively and 6‐chloro‐9‐β‐D‐ribofuranosylpurin‐8‐one 3′,5′‐cyclic phosphate (5) and 8‐amino‐9‐β‐D‐ribofuranosylpurine‐6‐thione 3′,5′‐cyclic phosphate (6). The order of substitution was compared to similar substitutions on 6,8‐dichloropurines and 6,8‐dichloropurine nucleosides. The second scheme utilized nucleophilic substitution of 6‐chloro‐8‐substituted‐9‐β‐D‐ribofuranosylpurine 3′,5′‐cyclic, phosphates obtained from the corresponding 8‐subslituted inosine 3′,5′‐cyclic phosphates by phosphoryl chloride, 6,8‐bis‐(benzylthio)‐, 6‐(diethylamino)‐8‐(benzylthio),8‐(p‐chlorophenylthio(‐6‐(diethylamino)‐ and 6,8‐bis‐(methyl‐thio)‐9‐β‐D‐ribofuranosylpurine 3′,5′‐cyclic phosphates (14, 12, 20, and 21) respectively, were prepared in this manner. The final scheme involved N1‐alkylation of an 8‐substituted adenosine 3′,5′‐cyclic phosphate followed by a Dimroth rearrangement to give 6‐(benzylamino)‐8‐(methylthio)‐ and 6‐(benzylamino)‐8‐bromo‐9‐β‐D‐ribofuranosylpurine 3′,5′‐cyclic phosphate (24 and 25).
Chemical studies of carbohydrates. Part I. Conversion of derivatives of glucose and allose into pyrazoles and pyridazines
Authors: Smit P. , Stork G. A. , Van Der Plas H. C. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractOn reaction of 1,2:5,6‐di‐O‐isopropylidenc‐3‐O‐(p‐tolylsulfonyl)‐α‐D‐glueofuranose (1) with hydrazine hydrate at 140° besides formation of 3‐deoxy‐3‐hydrazino‐1,2:5,6‐di‐O‐isopropylidene‐α‐D‐allofuranose (2) and 3‐dcoxy‐1,2:5,6‐di‐O‐isopropylidene‐α‐D‐erythro‐hex‐3‐enofuranose (3), ring transformation into 3‐[4′‐(2′,2′‐dimethyl‐1′,3′‐dioxolanyl)]pyridazine (4) takes place. At 170°, however, only 2 and 4 are formed, indicating that 3 is the precursor of 4. Treatment of 3 with hydrazine hydrate at 170° indeed gives a nearly quantitative ring expansion into 4. Treatment of 3‐dcoxy‐3‐hydrazino‐1,2:5,6‐di‐O‐isopropylidenc‐α‐D‐glucofuranose (8) as well as the stereoisomeric allofuranose 2 with concentrated hydrochloric acid gives a nearly quantitative ring interconversion into 3‐(D‐erythro‐trihydroxypropyl)pyrazole (9).
Studies on the syntheses of heterocyclic compounds. Part DCXII. A simple synthesis of benzopyran and dibenzopyran derivatives
Authors: Kametani Tetsuji , Kigasawa Kazuo , Hiiragi Mineharu , Ishimaru Haruhide , Wagatsuma Nagatoshi , Haga Seiji , Kusama Osamu 
Published: April 2009

Abstracttrans‐2‐(3‐Hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexanol (1b) was converted into 6‐methyl‐6‐phenylbenzopyran (11a) and 6‐spirocyclohexanobenzopyran (11b) by phenolic cyclization or under acidic condition. This type of reaction was also applied to the synthesis of 3,4‐dihydro‐6‐methoxy‐1‐methoxycarbonyl‐1‐methyl‐1H‐2‐benzopyran (IV).