bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generation of coherent mosaic animations: enhancement and evaluation of temporal coherence
Authors: Kang Dongwann , Ohn Yongjin , Han Myounghun , Yoon Kyunghyun 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTAlthough the creation static mosaic‐like images from non‐mosaic input has been studied, satisfactory methods to maintain and evaluate the temporal coherence of tiles for mosaic animations have remained elusive. Here, we describe a method that successfully generates mosaic animations from videos by applying a temporally and spatially coherent tile‐arrangement technique. We arrange tiles on the basis of the feature lines extracted from video input. We then animate the tiles along the motion of the video, add and delete tiles to preserve the tile density, and smooth tile color via frames. Finally, we propose indices to evaluate the temporal coherence of video‐based animations, and show that our animations are temporally coherent. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Circular Dichroism Spectral Data and Metadata in the Protein Circular Dichroism Data Bank (PCDDB): A Tutorial Guide to Accession and Deposition
Authors: Janes Robert W. , Miles A. J. , Woollett B. , Whitmore L. , Klose D. , Wallace B. A. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTThe Protein Circular Dichroism Data Bank (PCDDB) is a web‐based resource containing circular dichroism (CD) and synchrotron radiation circular dichroism spectral and associated metadata located at http://pcddb.cryst.bbk.ac.uk. This resource provides a freely available, user‐friendly means of accessing validated CD spectra and their associated experimental details and metadata, thereby enabling broad usage of this material and new developments across the structural biology, chemistry, and bioinformatics communities. The resource also enables researchers utilizing CD as an experimental technique to have a means of storing their data at a secure site from which it is easily retrievable, thereby making their results publicly accessible, a current requirement of many grant‐funding agencies world‐wide, as well as meeting the data‐sharing requirements for journal publications.This tutorial provides extensive information on searching, accessing, and downloading procedures for those who wish to utilize the data available in the data bank, and detailed information on deposition procedures for creating and validating entries, including comprehensive explanations of their contents and formats, for those who wish to include their data in the data bank. Chirality 24:751–763, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantitative Structure–Activity/Property Relationships: The Ubiquitous Links between Cause and Effect
Authors: Berhanu Workalemahu M. , Pillai Girinath G. , Oliferenko Alexander A. , Katritzky Alan R. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractCurrent literature demonstrates that almost every area of chemical and life sciences, as well as technology utilizes quantitative structure‐activity/property relationships (QSAR/QSPR) to accelerate development and increase efficiency. The designs of pharmaceuticals, agrichemicals, and consumer products as well as the assessment of their toxicity and environmental impact have become major areas of application QSAR/QSPR; the methods of which also penetrate into relatively new applications such as materials science and nanotechnology. In terms of methodology development the new trend is the integration of QSAR/QSPR with adjacent computational methods such as virtual screening and molecular dynamics. Such synergy offers unique opportunities and heralds a new era of computer‐aided molecular design.
Synthesis, structure and electrochemical performance of cobaltite‐based composite cathodes for IT‐SOFC
Authors: Cesário M. R. , Macedo D. A. , Martinelli A. E. , Nascimento R. M. , Barros B. S. , Melo D. M. A. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe development of novel and high‐performance cathodes is a critical issue to be addressed in order to reduce Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) operation temperature to the 600‐800 °C range or less. The performance of CeO2‐based composite cathodes is very attractive to such operational temperatures. In this work, La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3 (LSCF) and Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9 (SDC) powders were synthesized by different synthesis methods and mechanically mixed to prepare LSCF‐SDC composite cathodes. Screen‐printed LSCF‐SDC/CGO/LSCF‐SDC symmetrical cells were sintered at 1150 °C for 4 h and characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in static air. X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were employed to characterize the powders. Area specific resistance values of 0.72 and 2.77 Ω cm2 at 800 °C were found for composite cathodes containing SDC powder synthesized by modified Pechini and microwave‐assisted combustion methods, respectively. Furthermore, the activation energy of the composite cathode containing SDC derived from modified Pechini method is 1.18 eV, i.e., much lower than 1.73 eV, value determined for LSCF with SDC from microwave‐combustion method.
Effect of laser fluence on c‐axis orientation of LiNbO3 piezoelectric films on nanocrystalline diamond by pulsed laser deposition
Authors: Wang Xinchang , Tian Sifang , Man Weidong , Jia Jianfeng , Shi Xinwei 
Published: June 2012

AbstractCompletely c‐axis oriented LiNbO3 piezoelectric films have been deposited on nanocrystalline diamond (NCD)/Si substrates with SiO2 buffer layer by pulsed laser deposition. The amorphous SiO2 buffer layer was formed on NCD/Si substrates by sol‐gel method. The c‐axis orientation and crystallinity of LiNbO3 films are strongly dependent on the laser fluence, and the laser fluence 3.6 J/cm2 is found to be the optimal value for the growth of oriented LiNbO3 film, which has a smooth surface with composed of a large mount of uniform grains. The average surface roughness of LiNbO3 films is about 6.7 nm.
Synthesis and characterization of 1‐phenyl‐3‐(propan‐2‐yl)‐1H‐pyrazol‐5‐ol single crystals
Authors: Vyas P. M. , Akbari J. D. , Tala Satishkumar D. , Joshi H. S. , Joshi M. J. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe synthesis of pyrazoles and its derivatives remains of great interest due to their wide applications in pharmaceutical and agrochemical industry. The 1‐phenyl‐3‐(propan‐2‐yl)‐1H‐pyrazol‐5‐ol was synthesized. The 1‐phenyl‐3‐(propan‐2‐yl)‐1H‐pyrazol‐5‐ol single crystals were grown by slow solvent evaporation technique using mixture of chloroform and methanol as a solvent. Yellowish and transparent crystals having maximum dimensions of 0.005 m × 0.004 m × 0.002 m were grown. The crystals were characterized by powder XRD, FT–IR, TG–DTA–DSC and dielectric study. The crystals remained stable up to 160 °C and then start decomposing. The DSC suggested both endothermic and exothermic reactions. One broad exothermic peak was observed at 558.1 °C due to complete decomposition of the sample into the gaseous phase and reaction within the products. Thermodynamic and Kinetic parameters of decomposition were calculated by Coats–Redfern formula. The dielectric study was carried out in the frequency range from 50 Hz to 5 MHz at room temperature. The dielectric constant decreased as the frequency of the applied field increased. The variations of dielectric loss, a.c. conductivity and a.c. resistivity also studied with the frequency of the applied field. Jonscher's power law was verified for a.c. conductivity.
Fabrication of free‐standing TiO2 nanotube membranes with through‐hole morphology
Authors: Liao Jianjun , Lin Shiwei , Li Xiaogan , Li Shipu , Cao Xiankun , Cao Yang 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn the present work, we show a simple and robust ex‐situ method to fabricate free‐standing membranes consisting of vertically oriented, both‐side‐open TiO2 nanotube arrays. In this method, self‐organized TiO2 nanotube membranes with different thickness ranging from seven to tens of micrometers could be easily separated from the metallic Ti substrate by applying a reverse‐bias voltage at the end of anodization. The stress developing at the TiO2 nanotubes/Ti interface during H2 gas generation facilitates the separation of the TiO2 membranes. This procedure leads to an intact, free‐standing TiO2 nanotube membrane with closed bottoms. After exposing the TiO2 membrane to HF vapor, the barrier layer at the closed bottoms was etched away, and then a free‐standing TiO2 membrane with through‐hole morphology was obtained. The bottom‐opening process is a slow barrier layer thinning process. Meanwhile, it is found that the mean diameter of tube bottoms monotonously decreases with the increasing the etching time.
Photoluminescence study of annealing effects on CuI crystals grown by evaporation method
Authors: Gao Pan , Gu Mu , Liu Xi , Zheng Yan‐Qing , Shi Er‐Wei 
Published: June 2012

AbstractCuprous iodide (CuI) is the ultrafastest inorganic scintillation crystal at present. But the low intensity of its ultrafast component luminescence limits the wide application of CuI at room temperature. In this paper, the photoluminescence (PL) characteristics of different quality CuI crystals before and after annealing in various conditions have been investigated in terms of peak position and peak intensity. The origin of different emission band peaked around 426 nm, 680 nm, 718 nm and 820 nm is discussed and the excitation spectra of two mainly emission bands is obtained. Meanwhile, the relative peak intensity of the ultrafast luminescence component to slow lumiescence component of CuI crystals has been studied with respect to the defect concentration of I vacancies. Especially, the method of improving the intensity of ultrafast compentent luminescence of CuI crystals is concluded. These results can provide an important reference for optimizing the luminescence performance of CuI crystals.
Controlled synthesis of ZnO nanostructures with different morphologies in microemulsions
Authors: Yu Xiujun , Xu Shaohong , Han Yanli , Hou Tiecui , Zhao Yunlong , Fan Bingbing , Chen Deliang , Zhang Liwei , Wang Hailong , Xu Hongliang , Zhang Rui , Lu Hongxia 
Published: June 2012

AbstractZnO nanostructures with different morphologies were prepared in microemulsions with ZnSO4 and ammonia as raw materials. The effects of microemulsion types, concentration of reactants, W values, co‐surfactants, surfactants, oil phases and calcination temperatures were systematically studied. The products were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry (DSC‐TG), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high‐resolution TEM (HRTEM), and photoluminescence (PL) spectrum. Results show that ZnO nanoparticles were obtained in water‐in‐oil microemulsions while ZnO nanorods are gained in bicontinuous microemulsions. Water‐in‐oil microemulsions and long carbon chains of surfactants can prevent the preferential growth of ZnO. The particle size of the products increased with the increase of W values, calcination temperatures and the concentration of reactants but decreased with the increase of the carbon chain length of surfactants, co‐surfactants and oil phases. PL spectrums show that the UV emission peak weakened and visible emission peak increased with the decrease of particle size. Meanwhile, the PL spectrums have a little red‐shifted.
Optical and magnetic properties of Nd‐doped ZnO nanoparticles
Authors: Zheng J. H. , Song J. L. , Zhao Z. , Jiang Q. , Lian J. S. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractNd‐doped ZnO nanoparticles with different concentration were synthesized by sol‐gel method. The structures, magnetic and optical properties of as‐synthesized nanorods were investigated. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results demonstrated that Nd ions were incorporated into ZnO lattice; but Zn1‐xNdxO nanoparticles with Nd concentration of x = 0.05 showed Nd2O3 phase, so the saturation concentration of Nd in Zn1‐xNdxO is less than 5 at%. Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) measurements indicated that Nd doped ZnO possessed dilute ferromagnetis behaviour at room temperature. Photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) showed that Nd ions doping induced a red slight shift and decrease in UV emission with increase of Nd concentration.
Potential of selected Portuguese cultivars for the production of high quality monovarietal virgin olive oil
Authors: Garcia Barbara , Magalhães Júlia , Fregapane Giuseppe , Salvador María Desamparados , Paiva‐Martins Fátima 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe effect of cultivar and ripeness stage on the potential nutritional value of monovarietal extra virgin olive oils (MEVOOs) obtained from Cordovil, Carrasquinha, Verdeal, and Negrinha do Freixo cultivars was investigated. MEVOOs produced were characterized by high oleic acid (72–83%), tocopherol (182–530 mg/kg), and phenolic compounds (326–1110 mg/kg) content and by a similar polyphenolic profile. 1‐Penten‐3‐one was found to be the compound with the highest contribution for the aroma of the four MEVOO, related to bitter, pungent, and leaf attributes. MEVOO from Verdeal cultivar showed the best performance in terms of the composition: the highest yield of oil, the highest content of oleic acid, high tocopherol, polyphenol and sterol content, and the lowest content of linoleic acid. These characteristics give to these MEVOO not only a great oxidative stability but also interesting properties from the health point of view. MEVOO obtained with fruits at the maturity index of around 4 were in general richer in beneficial minor compounds. MEVOO produced were discriminated by variety and ripeness stage, using a stepwise linear discriminant analysis. This discrimination will in the future enable the prevention of adulteration of these monovarietal olive oils with specific nutritional composition with other olive oils.Practical implications: High‐quality MEVOOs have recently been introduced in the market, which for growers is a practical way to differentiate and increase the commercial value of extra virgin olive oil. The quantification of major and minor olive oil compounds in monovarietal olive oils represents an objective way of predicting the sensory characteristics, stability, and potential health benefits of the oils, as well as preventing their adulteration with other olive oils. This study will help in the selection of olive varieties during the maintenance or development of new olive orchards and also to select optimum harvest period for these varieties, in order to obtain MEVOOs with the maximum quality and health benefits for consumers.
Identifying barriers to emergency care services
Authors: Cannoodt Luk , Mock Charles , Bucagu Maurice 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYObjectiveThis paper aims to present a review of published evidence of barriers to emergency care, with attention towards both financial and other barriers.MethodWith the keywords (financial) accessibility, barriers and emergency care services, citations in PubMeb were searched and further selected in the context of the objective of this article.ResultsForty articles, published over a period of 15 years, showed evidence of significant barriers to emergency care. These barriers often tend to persist, despite the fact that the evidence was published many years ago.Several publications stressed the importance of the financial barriers in foregoing or delaying potentially life‐saving emergency services, both in poor and rich countries. Other publications report non‐financial barriers that prevent patients in need of emergency care (pre‐hospital and in‐patient care) from seeking care, from arriving in the proper emergency department without undue delay or from receiving proper treatment when they do arrive in these departments.ConclusionIt is clear that timely access to life‐saving and disability‐preventing emergency care is problematic in many settings. Yet, low‐cost measures can likely be taken to significantly reduce these barriers. It is time to make an inventory of these measures and to implement the most cost‐effective ones worldwide. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reconstruction of a flash flood with large wood transport and its influence on hazard patterns in an ungauged mountain basin
Authors: Ruiz‐Villanueva V. , Bodoque J. M. , Díez‐Herrero A. , Eguibar M. A. , Pardo‐Igúzquiza E. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe reconstruction of past flash floods in ungauged basins leads to a high level of uncertainty, which increases if other processes are involved such as the transport of large wood material. An important flash flood occurred in 1997 in Venero Claro (Central Spain), causing significant economic losses. The wood material clogged bridge sections, raising the water level upstream. The aim of this study was to reconstruct this event, analysing the influence of woody debris transport on the flood hazard pattern. Because the reach in question was affected by backwater effects due to bridge clogging, using only high water mark or palaeostage indicators may overestimate discharges, and so other methods are required to estimate peak flows. Therefore, the peak discharge was estimated (123 ± 18 m3 s–1) using indirect methods, but one‐dimensional hydraulic simulation was also used to validate these indirect estimates through an iterative process (127 ± 33 m3 s–1) and reconstruct the bridge obstruction to obtain the blockage ratio during the 1997 event (~48%) and the bridge clogging curves. Rainfall–Runoff modelling with stochastic simulation of different rainfall field configurations also helped to confirm that a peak discharge greater than 150 m3 s–1 is very unlikely to occur and that the estimated discharge range is consistent with the estimated rainfall amount (233 ± 27 mm).It was observed that the backwater effect due to the obstruction (water level ~7 m) made the 1997 flood (~35‐year return period) equivalent to the 50‐year flood. This allowed the equivalent return period to be defined as the recurrence interval of an event of specified magnitude, which, where large woody debris is present, is equivalent in water depth and extent of flooded area to a more extreme event of greater magnitude. These results highlight the need to include obstruction phenomena in flood hazard analysis. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using selected pharmaceutical compounds as indicators for surface water and groundwater interaction in the hyporheic zone of a low permeability riverbank
Authors: Banzhaf Stefan , Krein Andreas , Scheytt Traugott 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis study investigates the applicability of selected pharmaceutical compounds (e.g. sulfamethoxazole, carbamazepine, ibuprofen) as anthropogenic indicators for the interaction of surface water and groundwater in the hyporheic zone of an alluvial stream. Differences in transport behaviour and the resulting distribution of the pharmaceuticals in the riverine groundwater were evaluated. The investigated field site in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, Europe is represented by low permeable sediments and confined aquifer conditions. Water samples from single‐screen and multilevel observation wells installed in the riverbank at the field site were taken and analysed for selected pharmaceuticals and major ions for a period of 6 months. Surface water and groundwater levels were recorded to detect effluent and influent aquifer conditions. Nearly all pharmaceuticals that were detected in the stream were also found in the riverine groundwater. However, concentrations were significantly lower in groundwater than in surface water. A classification into mobile and sorbing/degradable pharmaceuticals based on their transport relevant properties was made and verified by the field data. Gradients with depth for some of these pharmaceuticals were documented and a more detailed understanding of the system stream/riverbank was obtained. It was demonstrated that the selected pharmaceutical compounds can be used as anthropogenic indicators at the investigated field site. However, not all compounds seem to be suitable indicators as their transport behaviour is not fully understood. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of highly permeable layer on hydraulic system in a coastal aquifer
Authors: Kim Kue‐Young , Han Weon Shik , Park Eungyu 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis study is aimed to understand the hydraulic mechanism of coastal aquifer systems that include highly permeable layers (HPLs). These hydrologic conditions can be found in many volcanic islands that are composed of a series of lava flows discharged into sea or other standing body of water. In the first part, we developed a numerical model based on the geologic and hydrologic data obtained from the eastern Jeju Island, Korea, of which the aquifer contains clinker and hyaloclastite layers. The simulation results reproduced spatial location of fresh‐saline water interface, especially the abrupt decline of interface at the inland part and the thickness variation of transition zone along the cross‐section observed at the eastern Jeju coastal aquifer. We were able to find out that these phenomena are strongly related to the presence of the HPL. In the second part, quantitative analyses were conducted with the use of hypothetical models in order to understand the dynamic characteristics of coastal system that includes HPLs. A series of sensitivity studies were conducted to assess the effect of the horizontal length and vertical depth of HPL on the spatial location of the interface toe and the configuration of transition zone. Various case studies have shown that the seawater intruded into the inland more as the horizontal length of HPL was increased and its vertical depth was decreased. In other simulations including two HPLs, the vertical distance between these two HPLs primarily controlled the flow regime, flux variations, and the configuration of the transition zone. Finally, we performed simulations to evaluate the effect of a rising sea‐level. This study provides more understanding of how the presence of HPL controls the seawater intrusion processes, and the spatial configurations of fresh‐saline water interface at coastal aquifers. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrologic simulation of clay‐settling areas in the phosphate mining district, Florida
Authors: Zhang Jing , Ross Mark 
Published: June 2012

AbstractClay‐settling areas (CSAs) are one of the most conspicuous and development‐limiting landforms remaining after phosphate mining. Many questions are asked by the mining and regulatory communities with regard to the correct modelling (predictive) methods and assumptions that should be used to yield viable hydrologic post‐reclamation landforms within CSAs. Questions as to the correct methodology to use in modelling/predicting long‐term CSA hydrologic performance have historically been difficult to answer because the data and analysis to support popular hypotheses did not exist. The goal of this paper was to substantially improve the data, analysis and predictive methodology necessary to return CSAs to viable hydrologic units, and moreover, to develop better understanding of the hydrology of CSAs and their ability to support wetlands. The study site is located at the Fort Meade Mine in Polk County, Florida. In this paper, continuous model simulation and calibration of study site were conducted for the hydrologic model, Hydrological Simulation Program – FORTRAN, which was generally selected on the basis of its popularity in predicting the hydrologic behaviour of CSAs. The objective of this study was to simulate streamflow discharges and stage to estimate runoff response from these areas on the basis of the observed rainfall within the CSA. A set of global hydrologic parameters was selected and tested during the calibration by the parameter estimation software PEST. A comparison of the simulated and observed flow data indicates that the model calibration adequately reproduces the hydrologic response of the CSAs. The estimated parameters can be used as references for future application of the model. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.