bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa be eradicated in children with cystic fibrosis?
Authors: McPherson Helen , Rosenthal Mark , Bush Andrew 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosa (PsA) is the most common pathogen to cause chronic lung infection in children with cystic fibrosis (CF), and is associated with an increase in both morbidity and mortality. Whilst the non‐mucoid strain can be eradicated, it is believed that mucoid PsA is difficult, if not impossible, to eradicate. We hypothesized that with modern and aggressive antibiotic regimes, mucoid PsA can be eradicated in children with CF. We investigated this hypothesis through a retrospective review of respiratory tract cultures of children with CF at The Royal Brompton Hospital, London. Children aged under 16 with a confirmed diagnosis of CF and mucoid PsA on respiratory tract culture during a defined 9‐year period were eligible for inclusion. Respiratory tract culture results were followed up for each patient to establish whether children remained infected with mucoid PsA and specifically to identify clearance of infection. Factors which may have been associated with persistence or clearance were also sought. One hundred sixteen children had the minimum dataset, and of these patients 67 (58%) cleared mucoid PsA for more than 1 year. Of the 67 patients who cleared mucoid PsA for more than 1 year, 38 (57%) patients remained clear of mucoid PsA at the last available culture (median 30, range 2–106 clear cultures, and median 55, 12–103 months clear). We conclude that isolation of mucoid PsA does not necessarily equate to lifelong infection. We suggest that trials of eradication of mucoid PsA at first isolation are required. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2010; 45:566–568. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Outpatient RSV lower respiratory infections among high‐risk infants and other pediatric populations
Authors: Paramore L. Clark , Mahadevia Parthiv J. , Piedra Pedro A. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo identify the frequency of outpatient, non‐hospitalized visits for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) lower respiratory tract infection (LRI) among children and high‐risk infants.Study DesignPublished studies that reported population‐based rates of outpatient RSV illness were reviewed. In addition, we conducted a retrospective cohort study from a national claims database including preterm and full term infants born between April 2004 and April 2006 <6 months of age and continuously enrolled through their first RSV season.ResultsIn the selected published studies, rates of outpatient RSV LRI were highest among infants and young children (ranging from 6.9 to 11 per 1,000 children age 1–4 years to 157.5 to 252.0 per 1,000 children age <1 year). In the cohort study, rates of outpatient RSV LRI among preterm infants ≤32 wGA or with chronic lung disease (CLD) ranged from 158.7 to 272.6 visits per 1,000 children. Rates for late preterm (33–36 wGA) infants ranged from 183.3 to 245.7 per 1,000, which was higher than full term infants (128.8 to 171.3 per 1,000).ConclusionsApproximately 1 in every 5 of high‐risk infants will be affected during their first RSV season, which indicates a fairly high and unrecognized reservoir of disease. Outpatient RSV LRI visits increase with younger age and prematurity. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2010; 45:578–584. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fetal cystic lung lesions: Evaluation with magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Liu Yu‐Peng , Chen Chih‐Ping , Shih Shin‐Lin , Chen Yi‐Fang , Yang Fei‐Shih , Chen Su‐Chiu 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the contribution of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to the diagnosis of fetal cystic lung lesions found on routine prenatal ultrasound (US).Study DesignExperienced radiologists retrospectively reviewed 34 fetal MRI studies performed in 20 fetuses (from 20 to 35 gestational weeks; including 14 repeat studies 10 weeks after the initial MRI), focusing on shape, signal characteristics, feeding artery, volume change, and location of the cystic lesions. Diagnoses were confirmed after birth by postnatal multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and/or surgery.ResultsBronchopulmonary sequestration (BPS) in the second trimester appeared as a well‐defined, homogeneous, hyperintense mass (pure BPS) in eight cases or as a lobulated, inhomogeneous hyperintense mass (BPS mixed with congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM)) in three cases. The feeding artery was visible in all 11 cases in the initial MRI, and regression of the mass was seen in 7 cases. As the mass regressed in the third trimester, the signal intensity decreased, becoming inhomogeneous, and the margins became lobulated. The mean initial ratio of the volume of the BPS lesion to the ipsilateral lung in lesions with partial regression was 82%; the mean initial ratio in lesions with nearly complete regression was 61%. CCAM (6) cases also appeared as a hyperintense lobulated mass, and as the lesions regressed, they decreased in size and signal intensity. As with BPS, the larger the lesion on initial MRI, the less likely it was to regress completely. Congenital lobar fluid overload in three cases appeared as a hyperintense, homogeneous lobe with stretched hilar vessels.ConclusionPrenatal MRI is useful as a diagnostic tool complementary to US for evaluating fetal cystic lung lesions. Smaller lung lesions (<60%) may regress completely. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2010; 45:592–600. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
LHCb status and early physics prospects
Authors: Altarelli M.P. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractLHCb is a dedicated detector for b and c physics at the LHC. I will present a concise review of the detector design and expected performance together with some very early physics results and prospects. An integrated luminosity of ∼ 0.2 fb‐1, which should be collected in 2010, will already allow LHCb to perform a number of very significant mesurements with the potential of revealing New Physics effects, such as the search of the decay B0s → μ+ μ‐ beyond the limit set by CDF and D0.
Current crowding effect on light extraction efficiency of thin‐film LEDs
Authors: Bogdanov M. V. , Bulashevich K. A. , Khokhlev O. V. , Evstratov I. Yu. , Ramm M. S. , Karpov S. Yu. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractUsing coupled 3D modelling of electrical, thermal, and optical processes, we consider operation of a blue LED with advanced thin‐film flip‐chip design. Significant effect of current crowing on light extraction from the LED die is predicted theoretically. As a result, the light extraction efficiency is found to decrease remarkably with the operation current. The nature of the effect is identified, and some ways for improvement of the high‐current extraction efficiency are suggested and examined by simulations. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Deep‐UV transparent bulk single‐crystalline AlN substrates
Authors: Bickermann Matthias , Epelbaum Boris M. , Filip Octavian , Heimann Paul , Feneberg Martin , Nagata Shunro , Winnacker Albrecht 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBulk aluminum nitride (AlN) is a very promising substrate material for ultraviolet (UV) and deep‐UV optoelectronics. Bulk AlN crystals grown using multiple sublimation of the source material show plain absorption coefficients below 18 cm–1 in the UV and deep‐UV range of 3.3–5.6 eV (380–220 nm) in the whole sample areas, regardless of sample orientation or light polarization direction. Homogeneity and polarization dependence of optical absorption in the UV and deep‐UV range of such samples is investigated. Finally, cathodoluminescence spectra of samples grown with and without multiple resublimation of the source material are compared. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of temperature distribution and current crowding on the performance of lateral GaN‐based light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Han Dongpyo , Shim Jongin , Shin Dong‐Soo , Nam Eunsoo , Park Hyungmoo 
Published: May 2010

AbstractCurrent crowding effect is detrimental for the performance of light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), causing non‐uniform light emission and local heat generation. In particular, heat generated by non‐uniform current distribution can badly influence the performance of LED devices. In this paper, we examine the temperature distributions of lateral InGaN/GaN multiple‐quantum‐well LEDs in relation to current crowding, using both simulation and experimental results. Simulation results are obtained from a 3‐dimensional electrical circuit model consisting of resistances and intrinsic diodes. Temperature and luminance distributions are investigated by images taken by an infrared camera and a charge‐coupled‐device camera, respectively. Finally, the internal quantum efficiency is taken for each device and compared. We show that the thermal property in the lateral LED is affected by the current crowding due to the local Joule heating nearby electrodes. Therefore, uniform current spreading is very important not only for uniform luminance distribution but also for good thermal property in the LED device. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optical properties of GaN and GaN/AlN nanowires: the effect of doping and structural defects
Authors: Rigutti L. , Fortuna F. , Tchernycheva M. , De Luna Bugallo A. , Jacopin G. , Julien F. H. , Chou S. T. , Lin Y. T. , Tu L. W. , Harmand J.‐C. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe report on the optical properties of different classes of nitride‐based nanowire systems grown by plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PA‐MBE) on Si(111) substrates at temperature T = 780 °C. Micro‐photoluminescence (micro‐PL) spectroscopy has been performed on homogeneous GaN nanowires with different doping type and distribution, as well as on nanowires containing AlN/GaN heterostructures. The Micro‐PL spectrum of the individual nanowire has been correlated to the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of the same nano‐object, in order to investigate the influence of structural defects on the radiative emission lines. Doping is found to enhance the sub‐bandgap radiative paths such as the donor‐acceptor pair (DAP) related lines found at energies below E = 3.26 eV. Other sub‐bandgap emission lines, particularly those centred around 3.41‐3.42 eV, are related to surface states and are the dominant emission in systems of coalesced nanowires. Finally, the presence of extended line defects has been correlated to a strong reduction of the PL radiative efficiency (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Nitride‐based light‐emitting solar cell
Authors: Kuwahara Y. , Fujiyama Y. , Iwaya M. , Kamiyama S. , Amano H. , Akasaki I. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe report on the characteristics of a group‐III‐nitride‐based solar cell. A GaInN/GaN double heterojunction p‐i‐n solar cell composed of a GaInN active layer sandwiched between n ‐type and p ‐type GaN layers was grown by metal‐organic vapor phase epitaxy through an undoped GaN layer on (0001) sapphire substrate. The InN molar fraction of the GaInN active layer was determined to be 11% from a secondary ion mass spectrometry profile. The maximum external quantum efficiency reached 65%, and the internal quantum efficiency was 95% or more. This device emitted light after forward current injection. The PL peak almost corresponded to the absorption edge. However, the electroluminescence (EL) peak was at the wavelength much longer than the absorption edge. The open‐circuit voltage is 1.51 V, the fill factor is 52%, and the short‐circuit current density is 1.6 mA/cm2. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electroluminescence from a forward biased Ni/Au–AlGaN/GaN Schottky diode: evidence of Fermi level de‐pinning at Ni/AlGaN interface
Authors: Li B. K. , Wang M. J. , Chen K. J. , Wang J. N. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractElectroluminescence (EL) from a forward biased Ni/Au‐AlGaN/GaN Schottky diode was observed and studied in this work. The turn‐on voltage of the EL was found to be coinciding with the second turn‐on voltage in the current‐voltage characteristics. Similarity between EL and photoluminescence spectra suggests that the holes are injected into the GaN layer when the applied bias is higher than the second turn‐on voltage. A model based on the current induced interface states ionization is proposed to explain the hole injection process and the observed electroluminescence characteristics. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Reliability of InGaN‐based LEDs submitted to reverse‐bias stress
Authors: Meneghini Matteo , Trivellin Nicola , Butendeich Rainer , Zehnder Ulrich , Hahn Berthold , Meneghesso Gaudenzio , Zanoni Enrico 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis paper describes a study of the electro‐optical characteristics and of the degradation of green LEDs submitted to reverse‐bias stress. The results of this work indicate that: (i) under reverse‐bias, the dominant conduction mechanism is tunnelling, and LEDs can show a weak luminescence signal (reverse‐bias luminescence, RBL); (ii) reverse‐current flows through localized preferential paths, that can be identified by means of emission microscopy; (iii) reverse‐bias stress can induce a significant increase in the reverse‐current of the LEDs, corresponding to a decrease in the breakdown voltage, and an increase in reverse‐bias luminescence; (iv) the degradation rate has a linear dependence on the stress current level, suggesting that degradation is determined by the flow of accelerated carriers through pre‐existing defects. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Autonomic nervous function in final year Oriental medical students in Korea: influence of gender, age and academic performance
Authors: Kim Kyu Seok , Nam Hae Jeong 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis study was conducted for 11 weeks to evaluate the influence of gender, age and academic performance on autonomic nervous system (ANS) measured by heart rate variability in final year Oriental medical students in Korea. Subjects were 109 Oriental medical students in their final year (11th semester) in the College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University. The 5‐min heart rate variability (HRV) was measured for evaluating ANS of all subjects and then the outcome of HRV was analyzed to investigate the influence of gender, age and academic performance on ANS by analysis of covariance, a model with control variables. Male students were found to have less parasympathetic activity and to have an autonomic balance shifted towards sympathicotonia compared with female students. Increased age was also negatively associated with ANS. Specifically, students aged 30 years or older showed less parasympathetic activity compared to their younger peers. However, there was no statistical significance of ANS between high and low grade group on academic performance. Considering the theory that increased stress could lead to change in ANS and it could decrease parasympathetic activity or increase sympathetic activity, this study suggest that gender and age can affect the stress level of final year Oriental medical students in Korea. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The predictive value of individual factors, work‐related factors, and work–home interaction on burnout in female and male physicians: a longitudinal study
Authors: Langballe Ellen Melbye , Innstrand Siw Tone , Aasland Olaf Gjerløw , Falkum Erik 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine physician burnout in association with individual factors, work characteristics and work–home interaction (job performance‐based self‐esteem, goal orientation, value congruency, workload, autonomy, work–home conflict and work–home facilitation). This two‐wave panel study includes a sample of Norwegian physicians collected in 2003 (N = 683) and 2005 (N = 523). Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to test the assumed effects in male and female physicians separately. The results imply that many of the assumed predictors play significant parts in physician burnout. A noticeable finding was that the pattern and strength of significant effects differed within the separate analyses of men and women. Work–home conflict was a particularly strong burnout predictor in female physicians whereas workload was the strongest burnout predictor in male physicians. The findings may have implications when planning future interventions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fabrication of a 60‐nm‐Diameter Perfectly Round Metal‐Dot Array over a Large Area on a Plastic Substrate Using Nanoimprint Lithography and Self‐Perfection by Liquefaction
Authors: Wang Chao , Xia Qiangfei , Li Wen‐Di , Fu Zengli , Morton Keith J. , Chou Stephen Y. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractTypically, nanopatterning on plastic substrates has poor fidelity, poor adhesion, and low yield. Here the proposal of and the first experiment using a new fabrication method that overcomes the above obstacles and has achieved arrays of 60‐nm‐diameter, perfectly round metal dots over a large area on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate with high fidelity and high yield is reported. This new method is based on the use of a thin hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) layer on top of PET, nanoimprint lithography, and self‐perfection by liquefaction (SPEL). The HSQ layer offers excellent thermal protection to the PET substrate during SPEL, as well as good surface adhesion and etching resistance. Nanoimprinting plus a lift off created a large‐area array of Cr squares (100 nm × 130 nm) on HSQ and SPEL changed each Cr square into a perfectly round Cr dot with a diameter of 60 nm, reducing the Cr footprint area by 78%. Compared to bare PET, the use of HSQ also reduced the variation in the diameter of the Cr dots from 11.3 nm (standard deviation) to 1.7 nm, an improvement of over 660%. This new technology can be scaled to much larger areas (including roll‐to‐roll web processing) and thus potentially has applications in various fields.
The weighted shortest path search based on multi‐agents in mobile GIS management services
Authors: Peng Min , Xiong Naixue , Park Jong Hyuk , Vasilakos Athanasios V. , Zhang Jiawen 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn this paper we focus on the mobile GIS management system based on multi‐agents, and wider range of client devices with J2ME‐MIDP kernel are supported in it. A kit (Map Database Manager) is developed and described in detail. The kit can convert GIS data of commercial formats such as ArcGIS and Mapinfo into Geospatial data in GML, and provide Geospatial data for handheld devices freely without commercial plug‐in software. A peer to peer multi‐agents mechanism on mobile GIS services is the main subject of this paper. According to user's requirement and known buffer area radius on map, agent can define the factors to calculate the optimal path from one node to target node in a map, which considers not only the length of the road but also traffic flow, road cost, and other factors. We use the integrated cost to re‐define the road path weights, and select the optimal path among the road based on the minimum weight. The actual experimental results shown that in the quantified traffic flow and road condition, from node to other target nodes, we can get an optimal path on map, which satisfies the condition mostly. The results can greatly assist the searching of the optimal path in GIS services. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Decentralized and energy‐balanced algorithms for maintaining temporal full‐coverage in mobile WSNs
Authors: Chang Chih‐Yung , Hung Li‐Ling , Lu Yun‐Jung , Chang Sheng‐Wen , Chen Yu‐Chieh 
Published: May 2010

AbstractCoverage is one of the most important issues in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). However, full coverage only can be achieved when surplus mobile sensors contribute a coverage area larger than the hole size. When there is no surplus mobile sensor to cover a big hole, previous studies have utilized mobile sensors by moving the hole from one location to another, therefore achieving temporal full‐coverage, where each location on the monitoring region has been ever covered by mobile sensors during a fixed time interval. However, with only some mobile sensors participating in the hole‐movement task, this results in an energy‐imbalance WSN. This paper considers a mobile WSN that contains a big hole where there exists no redundant mobile sensor to heal the hole. Three distributed algorithms, calledBasic,Forward‐Only, andAny‐Directionmovement mechanisms, are proposed to achieve the purpose of temporal full‐coverage in a way that the total energy consumption is minimized or that the energy consumption of all mobile sensors that participate in the hole‐movement task are balanced. Simulation results reveal that the proposed hole‐movement mechanisms enhance the coverage of WSNs and balance the energy consumption of mobile sensor nodes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inflammation: cytokines and RNA‐based regulation
Authors: Stumpo Deborah J. , Lai Wi S. , Blackshear Perry J. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe outcome of an inflammatory response depends upon the coordinated regulation of a variety of both pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory cytokines and other proteins. Regulation of these inflammation mediators can occur at multiple levels, including transcription, mRNA translation, post‐translational modifications, and mRNA degradation. Post‐transcriptional regulation has been shown to play an important role in controlling the expression of these mediators, allowing for normal initiation and resolution of the inflammatory response. Many inflammatory mediators have unstable mRNAs due, in part, to the presence of AU‐rich elements in their 3′‐untranslated regions. Increasing numbers of RNA‐binding proteins have been identified that can bind to these AU‐rich elements and then regulate the stability and/or translation of the mRNA. This review summarizes current knowledge about the role of several RNA‐binding proteins that act through AU‐rich elements to post‐transcriptionally regulate the biosynthesis of proteins involved in inflammation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This article is categorized under:

RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Regulation of RNA Stability
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
Polyadenylation and beyond: emerging roles for noncanonical poly(A) polymerases
Authors: Schmidt Marie‐Joëlle , Norbury Chris J. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe addition of nontemplated nucleotides, particularly adenylyl and uridylyl residues, to the 3′ ends of RNA substrates has been the focus of much attention in recent years, and these studies have generated some intriguing surprises. In addition to the well‐known canonical poly(A) polymerase (PAP) that polyadenylates mRNAs prior to export from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, a separate class of noncanonical poly(A) polymerases has emerged over the past decade. Studies on various organisms have led to the realization that these noncanonical PAPs, which are conserved from yeast to mammals, play crucial and diverse roles in the regulation of gene expression. Here we review the current knowledge of these enzymes, with an emphasis on the human proteins, and highlight recent discoveries that have implications far beyond the understanding of RNA metabolism itself. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This article is categorized under:

RNA Processing > 3' End Processing
RNA Processing > Processing of Small RNAs
RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Turnover/Surveillance Mechanisms
RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Regulation of RNA Stability