bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Review of Medication Reconciliation Issues and Experiences with Clinical Staff and Information Systems
Authors: Waitman L.R. , Brown S.H. , Porcelli P.J. 
Published: December 2010

SummaryMedication reconciliation was developed to reduce medical mistakes and injuries through a process of creating and comparing a current medication list from independent patient information sources, and resolving discrepancies. The structure and clinician assignments of medication reconciliation varies between institutions, but usually includes physicians, nurses and pharmacists. The Joint Commission has recognized the value of medication reconciliation and mandated implementation in 2006; however, a variety of issues have prevented simple, easy, and universal implementation. This review references issues related to the development and the implementation of medication reconciliation including: – the need of a system or standard for accurate drug identification to create a definitive ‘gold standard’ patient medication list, – identifying stakeholders of medication reconciliation within the institution and contrasting staff interest and participation with institutional resources, – observations and opportunities of integrating medication reconciliation with the electronic patient health record, and – summarizing a series of institutions experiences developing and implementing medication reconciliation. Last, as medication reconciliation becomes a regular process within medical centers, key concepts for effective implementation are discussed.
The evolution of advanced techniques for the management of symptomatic aortic stenosis in the elderly population: conventional surgical management vs transcatheter valve implantation
Authors: Jahangiri M , Kappetein AP , van Geldorp M , Bogers AJ 
Published: December 2010

The shifting age demographic of the adult population has affected every area of contemporary medical and surgical practice. Many more people are living well, not just into their 70s but into their 80s and beyond. Their expectations of treatment for every illness have shifted markedly upwards at the same time. Despite the decline in cases of rheumatic fever in Westernised populations in recent times, the ageing population has led to no decline in the prevalence of valvular aortic stenosis. This is now realised to be an active pro-inflammatory disease, rather than a degenerative process. Thus the condition has remained in the mainstream and continues to be responsible for considerable morbidity, hospitalisation and mortality among the elderly and very elderly. Management has always been based on the triage of cases for direct intervention to the valve by surgery. Just as expectations have risen from patients, the techniques, application and monitoring of cardiac surgery have also made huge strides forward to meet this aspiration. More and more, surgeons are routinely asked to consider procedures in frailer, more elderly patients with more severe disease and co-morbidity. Managing the stenosis is rarely the only issue confronting the operating surgeon. Attempts to provide alternatives to open valve replacement surgery on cardiopulmonary bypass have now emerged. These are based around the transcutaneous placement of a valve prosthesis. While these technologies were initially highly selective in their application, they have now reached a stage to be compared with contemporary standards of cardiac surgical practice. In this debate we have invited two international experts from the fields of cardiac surgery (Professor Jahangiri) and interventional cardiology (Professor Kappetein and colleagues) to take deliberately opposing positions on the evolving management of valvular aortic stenosis in the very elderly. We have asked them to try to consider the strengths of each route. Both approaches provide options for patients who only a few years ago might have been regarded as essentially untreatable.
Antioxidant effects of herbal extracts and their food application
Authors: Ivanišová Eva , Fikselová Martina , Vietoris Vladimí­r , Mellen Martin 
Published: December 2010

Herbal extracts are considered as a good sources of antioxidant compounds. This work describes antioxidant effect of 15 kinds of herbs. Three different antioxidant assays were used, Trolox equivalent antiradical activity (TEAC), test based on deoxyribose oxidation and DPPH method. The TEAC values ranged from 0.38mM to 0.77 mM. Deoxyribose assay showed antioxidant activity of selected extracts expressed as the inhibition of formation of oxidative products of deoxyribose from 2.68 to 50.05 %. The DPPH method values ranged from 6.47 to 73.80 %.
Extracts of Prunus spinosa L., Euphrasia rostkoviana Hayne were the best antioxidants confirmed by all methods. Scrophularia nodosa L. extract showed the weak antioxidant effect determined by all selected methods. Phenolic content was in relation to the antioxidant effect of herbs, very high significancy between DPPH and polyphenols content was found. To improve selected properties of apple juice (taste, smell, functional properties) by addition of medicinal herbs was achieved in this work. Antioxidant effect of apple juice variants with herbs additions determined by DPPH method was high and ranged from 73 to 78.49 %. Herbal extracts can be utilised in selected combinations to improve sensory and functional properties of some kinds of beverages.
Contamination of raisin by filamentous fungi – potential producers of ochratoxin A
Authors: Hakobyan Lusine , Grigoryan Karine , Kirakosyan Ara 
Published: December 2010

The forty-one samples of Armenian made and eleven samples of imported raisins collected in several markets in Yerevan were studied. The sample collections were carried out during of years 2004 to 2008. Thirty two species of filamentous fungi from Aspergillus, Penicillium, Alternaria Trichoderma and Syncephalastrum genera were isolated and identified. Among species isolated from studied samples species belonging to Aspergillus genera have a very high frequency of occurrence, 65.2% of all investigated filamentous fungi. Species from Nigri section show the highest occurrence: 66.7% of all isolated fungi belonging to Aspergillus genera. Species A. carbonarius and A. niger were dominated among isolated fungi from section Nigri. Both Armenian and imported samples of raisin had a high contamination level by these fungi which are potential producers of ochratoxin A. In Armenian samples were detected two more ochratoxigenic species belonging to Aspergillus section Nigri: A. sclerotioniger and A. lacticoffeatus. But their frequency of occurred was low. Thirty seven strains of A. flavus were isolated, 92% of them were isolated from Armenian samples. Influence of рН and aw on contamination level of raisin by fungi was studied. It was revealed that highest contamination level by filamentous fungi occurred in raisins with relatively high aw value. Contamination level of raisin doesn't depend on pH.
Highly Conductive Redox Protein–Carbon Nanotube Complex for Biosensing Applications
Authors: Baldacchini Chiara , Herrero Chamorro Maria Antonia , Prato Maurizio , Cannistraro Salvatore 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe integration of redox proteins with nanomaterials has attracted much interest in the past years, and metallic single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have been introduced as efficient electrical wires to connect biomolecules to metal electrodes in advanced nano‐biodevices. Besides preserving biofunctionality, the protein–nanotube connection should ensure appropriate molecular orientation, flexibility, and efficient, reproducible electrical conduction. In this respect, yeast cytochrome c redox proteins are connected to gold electrodes through lying‐down functionalized metallic SWNTs. Immobilization of cytochromes to nanotubes is obtained via covalent bonding between the exposed protein thiols and maleimide‐terminated functional chains attached to the carbon nanotubes. A single‐molecule study performed by combining scanning probe nanoscopies ascertains that the protein topological properties are preserved upon binding and provides unprecedented current images of single proteins bound to carbon nanotubes that allow a detailed I–V characterization. Collectively, the results point out that the use as linkers of suitably functionalized metallic SWNTs results in an electrical communication between redox proteins and gold electrodes more efficient and reproducible than for proteins directly connected with metal surfaces.
Development of a Mild Procedure for the Addition of Bisulfite to Electrophilic Olefins
Authors: Fini Francesco , Nagabelli Murali , Adamo Mauro F. A. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe sulfonylation of activated alkenes is an important yet unexplored reaction due to the harshness of conditions required. We have identified a procedure which allowed the reaction of alkenes with equimolar amounts of bisulfite at room temperature.
Season of birth and subsequent body size: The potential role of prenatal vitamin D
Authors: Krenz‐Niedbała Marta , Puch Elżbieta A. , Kościński Krzysztof 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjectives: The relationship between season of birth and various physical and psychological outcomes was reported in many studies, although the underlying mechanism still remains unrecognized. The aim of this study was to explore the season‐of‐birth effect on body size in the sample of 1,148 eight‐year‐old Polish urban children and propose the mechanism responsible for this effect. Methods: The children were examined three times at their birthdays and at two cross‐sectional surveys. Effects of the season of birth were checked by fitting the cosine function to empirical values and by comparison between two groups born in different periods of the year. Results: Data gathered at three examinations led to the same results: season‐of‐birth effect occurred only in boys and only in those relatively shortly breastfed and/or descended from the families of low‐socioeconomic status. Specifically, the individuals born in October–April were taller (by 2–3 cm), heavier (by 2–3 kg), and fatter than those born in May–September. Conclusions: The following explanatory mechanism has been formulated: insolation in Poland is minimal in November–February (winter period), and so ultraviolet absorption and vitamin D production is then the lowest. Vitamin D regulates embryo's cellular differentiation, and its deficiency triggers permanent developmental changes. Therefore, individuals conceived in autumn (i) are at the greatest risk of early vitamin D deficiency, (ii) are born in summer, and (iii) are relatively small in their further lives. The contribution of low‐socioeconomic status, short breastfeeding, and being a male to the occurrence of the season‐of‐birth effect is also discussed. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Habitat selection of black‐and‐white snub‐nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti) in Tibet: implications for species conservation
Authors: Xiang Zuo‐Fu , Huo Sheng , Xiao Wen 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAs anthropogenic habitat changes are often considered a threat to natural ecosystems and wildlife, a sound understanding of the effects of habitat alteration on endangered species is crucial when designing management strategies or performing conservation activities. Black‐and‐white snub‐nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti) are categorized as endangered on the IUCN Red List and are endemic to the trans‐Himalayas in China. At present, there are only 15 groups and 2,500 individuals remaining in the wild, and they are facing intense habitat degradation with selective logging for house building and firewood. Habitat deterioration through wood extraction is occurring at Xiaochangdu, Tibet, where one stable group of R. bieti lives in a marginal habitat in the northernmost part of the species' distribution. To understand the species' response to selective logging in an extremely marginal habitat, data on habitat preference and diet composition of a group of R. bieti were collected at Xiaochangdu from 2003 to 2005. The monkeys used different habitats nonrandomly during the year. The selection index for secondary conifer forest (SC), where selective logging has occurred, was the highest of all habitat types (>1), suggesting that the groups strongly preferred SC. The monkeys fed more on buds/leaves, more on flowers/fruit/seeds, and less on lichen in SC than in primary conifer forest (PC). Dietary diversity was significantly higher in SC than in PC. These results indicate that over the short term, low‐intensity disturbances may result in increased foliage diversity that enable groups of R. bieti to survive in this marginal habitat. Am. J. Primatol. 73:347–355, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mitochondrial DNA analysis of an immigrant basque population: Loss of diversity due to founder effects
Authors: Davis Michael C. , Novak Stephen J. , Hampikian Greg 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe Basques have a well‐documented history of migration and settlement in the Americas, and they often retain cultural identity across generations. Numerous genetic studies have been carried out on European Basques; thus, immigrant Basques are an ideal population for investigating the genetic consequences of a recent human migration event. We have sampled 53 unrelated individuals with Basque ancestry in Boise, Idaho and determined the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence variation of the first and second hypervariable regions. Thirty‐six mtDNA haplotypes were detected in our sample. We found evidence of genetic changes consistent with founder effects, which is compatible with the known history of migration. Compared with the European Basque population, the immigrant Basques are significantly different in terms of haplogroup frequency distribution and diversity. They have a lower measure of weighted intralineage mean pairwise diversity (WIMP) and greater genetic distance from other European populations. These data indicate that this immigrant Basque population has experienced a reduction in genetic diversity compared with the putative source population. However, this loss of diversity is not detectable using indices of demographic history such as Tajima's D and Fu's F. This study represents the first description of mtDNA diversity in an immigrant Basque population, and our findings indicate that founder effects accompanying this relatively recent migration event have shaped the genetic diversity of this population. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Race, health, and disease in 19th‐century‐born males
Authors: de la Cova Carlina 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis study analyzed skeletal health disparities among African American and Euro‐American males of low socioeconomic status born between 1825 and 1877. A total of 651 skeletons from the Cobb, Hamann‐Todd, and Terry anatomical collections were macroscopically examined for skeletal pathologies related to dietary deficiencies and disease. Individuals were separated into age, ancestry, birth (Antebellum, Civil War, Pre‐Reconstruction, and Reconstruction), combined ancestry/birth, enslaved versus liberated, and collection cohorts. These groups were statistically evaluated using ANOVA and χ2 analyses to determine if age, ethnic, and temporal differences existed. Results indicated that African Americans, especially those born during Reconstruction, had significantly higher frequencies of tuberculosis (P = 0.004) and treponematosis (P = 0.006) than Euro‐Americans. Historical sources are important in contextualizing why these different ethnic and temporal patterns were present, pointing to environmental conditions related to enslavement, postliberation migration to the industrialized North, crowded urban living conditions, and poor sanitation. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alternative processing of γ‐secretase substrates in common forms of mild cognitive impairment and alzheimer's disease: Evidence for γ‐secretase dysfunction
Authors: Hata Saori , Fujishige Sayaka , Araki Yoichi , Taniguchi Miyako , Urakami Katsuya , Peskind Elaine , Akatsu Hiroyasu , Araseki Masahiko , Yamamoto Kazuo , Martins Ralph N. , Maeda Masahiro , Nishimura Masaki , Levey Allan , Chung Kathryn A. , Montine Thomas , Leverenz James , Fagan Anne , Goate Alison , Bateman Randall , Holtzman David M. , Yamamoto Tohru , Nakaya Tadashi , Gandy Sam , Suzuki Toshiharu 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjective:The most common pathogenesis for familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) involves misprocessing (or alternative processing) of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by γ‐secretase due to mutations of the presenilin 1 (PS1) gene. This misprocessing/alternative processing leads to an increase in the ratio of the level of a minor γ‐secretase reaction product (Aβ42) to that of the major reaction product (Aβ40). Although no PS1 mutations are present, altered Aβ42/40 ratios are also observed in sporadic Alzheimer's disease (SAD), and these altered ratios apparently reflect deposition of Aβ42 as amyloid.Methods:Using immunoprecipitation‐mass spectrometry with quantitative accuracy, we analyzed in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of various clinical populations the peptide products generated by processing of not only APP but also an unrelated protein, alcadein (Alc). Alc undergoes metabolism by the identical APP α‐secretases and γ‐secretases, yielding a fragment that we have named p3‐Alcα because of the parallel genesis of p3‐Alcα peptides and the p3 fragment of APP. As with Aβ, both major and minor p3‐Alcαs are generated. We studied the alternative processing of p3‐Alcα in various clinical populations.Results:We previously reported that changes in the Aβ42/40 ratio showed covariance in a linear relationship with the levels of p3‐Alcα [minor/major] ratio in media conditioned by cells expressing FAD‐linked PS1 mutants. Here we studied the speciation of p3‐Alcα in the CSF from 3 groups of human subjects (n = 158): elderly nondemented control subjects; mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects with a clinical dementia rating (CDR) of 0.5; SAD subjects with CDR of 1.0; and other neurological disease (OND) control subjects. The CSF minor p3‐Alcα variant, p3‐Alcα38, was elevated (p < 0.05) in MCI subjects or SAD subjects, depending upon whether the data were pooled and analyzed as a single cohort or analyzed individually as 3 separate cohorts.Interpretation:These results suggest that some SAD may involve alternative processing of multiple γ‐secretase substrates, raising the possibility that the molecular pathogenesis of SAD might involve γ‐secretase dysfunction. Ann Neurol 2011;69:1026–1031
Relationship between the crystallization behavior and the warpage of film‐insert‐molded parts
Authors: Kim Jin Young , Kim Seong Yun , Song Young Seok , Youn Jae Ryoun 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe dimensional variation of an injection‐molded, semicrystalline polymer part is larger than the variation of an amorphous polymer part because the shrinkage of a crystalline polymer is generally greater than the shrinkage of an amorphous one. We investigated the warpage of film‐insert‐molded (FIM) specimens to determine the effect of the crystallization behavior on the deformation of FIM parts. More perfect crystalline structures and higher crystallinity developed in the core region of the FIM specimens versus other regions. Relatively imperfect crystalline structures and low crystallinity developed in the adjacent regions of the inserted films, whereas a thin, amorphous skin layer developed in the adjacent regions of the metallic mold wall. The crystallizable substrate in the FIM specimens caused very large warpage because nonuniform shrinkage occurred in the thickness direction of the specimens. Therefore, the warpage of an experimentally prepared FIM poly(butylene terephthalate) specimen was greater than that predicted numerically because of its complex crystallization behavior. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Stripe coating with a coffee‐ring effect for color filter solutions
Authors: Lin Yu‐Chih , Lin Yu‐Yan , Wong David S. H. , Liu Ta‐Jo , Wen Shu‐Heng , Huang Kuo‐Tung 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe coffee‐ring effect of a coated narrow stripe approximately 350 μm wide was examined. The coating solution was based on a new formulation with a specific application for the production of color filters used in liquid‐crystal display panels. The basic components of this formulation were color pigments, solvents, and a novel alkali solution resin. The resin was a copolymer consisting of methacrylic acid, hydroxyl ethyl methacrylate, and methyl methacrylate. Three solvents with different boiling points were used: propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, methyl ethyl ketone, and tetrahydrofuran. The formation of a coffee ring on the coated stripe was mainly dependent on the solvent evaporation rate and the acid value of the copolymer. The acid value determined the strength of the hydrogen bonding of the copolymer. Fourier transform infrared analysis revealed that the intramolecular hydrogen bonding of the carbonyl groups of hydroxyl ethyl methacrylate was one of the critical factors affecting the formation of a coffee ring. The other factor was the rate of solvent evaporation. A proper adjustment of the acid value combined with a highly volatile solvent could effectively eliminate the formation of a coffee ring. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Synthesis of well‐defined star‐shaped organosiloxane‐functionalized polymethylmethacrylate promoted by epoxide‐derived titanocene alkoxides via radical polymerization
Authors: Ma Lifu , Liu Weijiao , Sheng Yaping , Huang Qigu , Yang Wantai 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe star‐shaped polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) was synthesized via radical polymerization promoted by metallocene complexes in the presence of initiator of tetra(2,3‐epoxy propoxy)silane (Is) and reducing agent Zn. The effect of temperature, time, molar ratio of monomer to initiator, and the structure of metallocene complexes on the polymerization performance was investigated. The structure and properties of the obtained polymer were characterized by gel permeation chromatography, multiangle laser light scattering, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and WAXD. The results indicated that the obtained polymer was atacticspecific and featured narrow molecular weight distribution (1.30–1.57). Star‐shaped organosiloxane‐functionalized PMMA was produced. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Fabrication of aligned electrospun nanofibers by inclined gap method
Authors: Park Suk Hee , Yang Dong‐Yol 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA high‐performance of uniaxial alignment of electrospun nanofibers was realized by introducing an inclined gap into dual collectors that consisted of two conductive strips. Because the two strips that were configured horizontally and vertically had a height difference from the inclined gap, the electrospun nanofibers were sequentially suspended across the edges of strips in a well‐aligned and regularly distributed form. Some parameters, such as concentration of solution, applied voltage, and spinning distance were considered for the successful suspension and formation of the aligned electrospun fibers. The method could improve the properties of nanofiber alignment and allow for easy transfer onto other solid substrates or devices. The alignment technique used polycaprolactone, which resulted in continuous and well‐aligned nanofibers with diameters ranging from 500 to 700 nm. Furthermore, it is suggested that repetitive transfer be used to achieve a higher density of aligned nanofiber arrays. This would enlarge the applicability of nanofibers, especially for the tissue engineering field. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011