bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of microwave magnetic field saturation properties of an inhomogeneous CW-EPR line in the vicinity of Rabi resonance: Possible application for B 1 estimation
Authors: Rakvin Boris , Jurec Jurica 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The spectrum of continuous wave electron paramagnetic resonance (CW-EPR) was analyzed with respect to the shape of the line under microwave (MW) power saturation (\({P}_{MW}\sim{B}_{1}^{1/2};{B}_{1 }\)is intensity of MW magnetic field). The used \({B}_{1 }\) increases until the Rabi frequency \(({\omega }_{1}=\gamma {B}_{1}\), \(\gamma\)is the electron gyromagnetic ratio) approaches the radiofrequency \(\left({\omega }_{rf}\right)\) used as the magnetic modulation frequency. The possible effect of Rabi resonance \(\left({\omega }_{1}={\omega }_{rf}\right)\), on spin packets system can be detected under the condition of “weak modulation near the Rabi resonance” (\({\omega }_{2}\ll {\omega }_{1}\approx {\omega }_{rf})\) where \({\omega }_{2}\) is modulation amplitude of radiofrequency field expressed in frequency units. Inhomogeneously broadened, CW-EPR, lines of the P1 (Ns0) nitrogen centers (30ppm>[Ns0] <200ppm) in diamond crystal and E’ defect in irradiated vitreous SiO2 with long spin relaxation times (\({T}_{1}\) and \({T}_{2}\)ranged in the interval from around 2ms to 1 µs at room temperatures) were selected for saturation study. Spectra were recorded using magnetic field modulation \(({\omega }_{rf}/2\pi =100\) kHz) with modulation amplitude\(({\omega }_{2}/2\pi =27 \text{k}\text{H}\text{z})\) as the first harmonic for two phase-sensitive detections, detection in-phase with respect to the modulation frequency and detection 90o out-of-phase with respect of the modulation frequency. The resulting changed in inhomogeneous spectral lines of P1 and E’ centers detected near Rabi resonance in the saturation process shows that both samples can be used as a standard for estimation \({B}_{1}\) value.
Initial experience with ICG fluorescence during total thyroidectomy in Mexico: The postoperative hypocalcemia index decreases?
Authors: Montalvo-Hernández Jorge , Palacios Doris M. , Mata Carlos Javier , Jordan Eduardo , Boy-Serratos Jorge , Morán Diana Ximena , Álvarez-López José Alfredo , Carrasco-Tobón José German 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background: Postoperative hypocalcemia is the most frequent complication of the total thyroidectomy. New techniques have recently emerged for the identification of the parathyroid glands, for example fluorescence with indocinaine green, which has been very well accepted by different groups of expert surgeons internationally. In this study we use it to assess the viability of the parathyroid glands after total thyroidectomy with the angiography image that it provides us.
Methods:
This is a cohort study including patients undergoing total thyroidectomy in 2020 using ICG fluorescence and they were evaluated for transient and permanent (>6 months) hypocalcemia postoperatively. In addition, results were compared with historical controls including patients treated by a low-volume thyroid surgeon (group A), and by a high-volume thyroid surgeon (group B). Several variables were included (number of auto-transplanted parathyroids, postoperative serum calcium leves, and symptoms of hypocalcemia) and analyzed between groups. The main aim of the study was to determine whether the use of ICG fluorescence associateswith a lower rate of postoperative hypocalcemia.
Results: A total of 18 patients were operated using ICG fluorescence. Of them 14 (75%) cases were females and median age were 54 ±13.5 years. 29 patients were included in group A (operated by a low-volume thyroid surgeon) and 50 patients in group B (by a high-volume thyroid surgeon). Autotransplantation was no necessary in ICG group compared with 3 and 1 in the group A and B respectively. Thyroid cancer were confirmed in 58 (59%) of cases by histopathology. Postoperative calcium levels were higher in ICG fluorescence group compared with groups A and B since day-1 to 6 months of follow-up (p=NS). Statistical analysis showed a significant difference in transient hypocalcemia and permanent hypoparathyroidism rates (p=0.011 and p=0.002 respectively) when contrasted between groups. The sub-analysis showed that ICG-fluorescence did not reach adequate statistical significance compared to group of high-volume surgeon (B), both for transient and permanent hypocalcemia (p= 0.039 and p= 0.28 respectively).
Conclusions: ICG fluorescence technique was associated with lower incidence of postoperative hypocalcemia specially when it is compared to low-volume thyroid surgeon.
Correlation of Ultrasonographic Findings with Estimated-Glomerular Filtration Rate in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Kharel Amrit , Shrestha Shreejana , Karki Dan Bahadur 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a condition characterized by kidney damage for three or more months or Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) less than 60ml/minute/1.73m2 for three or more months with or without kidney damage. Ultrasonography is the non invasive imaging modality to determine the renal morphology. The aim of this study was to find the correlation of ultrasonographic parameters with estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) in CKD patients visiting a tertiary hospital.
Methodology
This observational cross sectional study was carried at Patan Hospital in thirty five CKD diagnosed cases above the age of 18 years. Renal sonographic parameters like renal length, width, parenchymal thickness, and cortical echogenecity grade were obtained during ultrasonography. eGFR was calculated from CKD-EPI formula after obtaining serum creatinine. Ultrasonographic parameters were compared with eGFR using Spearman correlation test and Kruskal Wallis test was used to check difference in median eGFR among different echogenicity grade.
Result
Statistically significant moderate positive correlation was seen between eGFR and parenchymal thickness (rs = 0.51, p < 0.05) and eGFR and length (rs = 0.46, p < 0.05) but weak positive correlation was seen between eGFR and width (rs = 0.3, p < 0.05). A statistically significant relationship was also seen between eGFR and renal cortical echogenecity grade (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
Renal parenchymal thickness has maximum positive correlation with eGFR than other parameters to measure renal dimensions like renal length and width. Hence, renal parenchymal thickness is a better parameter to measure renal dimension in patients with CKD.
Deep learning from ultrasound images of breast cancer sentinel lymph nodes to predict metastasis
Authors: Luo Yunhao , Wei Zhuo , Chen Jie , Cao Wenbin , Feng Zhengquan , Li Chaonan , Liu Yuyan , Chen Qin , Luo Jing , Deng Jianhua , Luo Jun 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objectives
This study aims to develop a non-invasive assessment in breast cancer sentinel lymph node (SLN) using deep learning.
Materials and methods
Continuously retrospective patients with breast cancer who have undergone both contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and two-dimensional ultrasound (TDUS) for sentinel lymph node examination. Those patients were randomly divided into training set, validation set, and internal test set in a ratio of 8:1:1. A Re-parameterization Visual Geometry Group-Convolutional Block Attention Module (RepVGG-CBAM) model was constructed based on the RepVGG network, embedding the CBAM attention mechanism. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to evaluate diagnostic performance.
Results
In the test set, the AUC were experts in TDUS, CEUS, and combination ultrasound (CBUS), model in TDUS, CEUS and CBUS were 0.794, 0.806, 0.774, 0.861, 0.851, 0.842 respectively. The difference in AUC between Experts in TDUS (0.794) and Model in TDUS (0.861) was statistically significant (p = 0.043). The difference in AUC between Experts in TDUS (0.794) and Model in CEUS (0.851) was statistically significant (p<0.01). The difference in AUC between Experts in CBUS (0.774) and Model in TDUS (0.861) was statistically significant (p = 0.007). The difference in AUC between Experts in CBUS (0.774) and Model in CEUS (0.851) was statistically significant (p<0.001).
Conclusions
An algorithm model was developed to determine the SLN metastasis status of breast cancer patients.
Impact of Retinal Traction Induced by Epiretinal Membrane on Aniseikonia
Authors: Hirano Masayuki , Minakawa Shun , Imamura Yuta , Yamamoto Naoko 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

We investigated the effect of retinal traction caused by epiretinal membranes (ERMs) on aniseikonia and retinal microstructures in 81 unilateral ERMs. Retinal traction was quantified by measuring the maximum depth of the retinal fold (MDRF) using en face optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. Measurements included the mean inner nuclear layer (INL), outer plexiform layer (OPL), outer nuclear layer (ONL), central retinal thickness (CRT), and interocular ratios of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area (FAZ ratio). Significant correlations were found between the preoperative MDRF and preoperative aniseikonia (P < 0.001), INL thickness (P < 0.001), CRT (P < 0.001), and FAZ ratio (P = 0.003). Preoperative aniseikonia was significantly correlated with preoperative INL and OPL-ONL thicknesses (P < 0.001 and P = 0.020, respectively) and CRT (P = 0.003). Multiple regression analysis revealed that preoperative aniseikonia was significantly associated with preoperative MDRF, INL, and OPL-ONL thicknesses (P = 0.029, 0.006, and 0.006, respectively). Twenty-nine eyes underwent membrane peeling, resolving all retinal folds 6 months postoperatively. A significant correlation was observed between preoperative MDRF and postoperative aniseikonia (P = 0.011). Our findings suggest that retinal traction by ERM is significantly associated with aniseikonia both pre- and postoperatively, alongside other OCT parameters.
Spatiotemporal Evolution of Nighttime Light During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Major Cities of South Korea
Authors: Park Sungjae , Nur Arip Syaripudin , Ramayanti Suci , Lee Seulki , Park Eunseok , Lee Chang-Wook 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The government of South Korea implemented social distancing regulations to tackle the surging number of confirmed cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to reduce transmission. Implementation of social distancing has affected human behavior in activities which can be observed through the change in nighttime light (NTL). Human activities at night can describe a situation during social restrictions and represent their response to the situation. Remote sensing technique supported by satellite capabilities provides NTL data in observing the earth’s surface at night from space. In this study, visible NTL data were acquired from the Suomi satellite. We collected 887 Suomi data from 1 January 2020 until 27 June 2022 to analyze the time series of NTL radiance change over six major cities in South Korea to investigate the relationship with social distancing regulation. A higher level of regulation restricting human activities was integrated with the closure of various facilities. The findings showed that the application of various social distancing levels impacted the temporal and spatial disparities in NTL radiance. In addition, the results of this study indicate that it is difficult to manage infectious diseases with only the government's control policy when the number of infections increases dramatically. Therefore, this study can be helpful for the government in reviewing and improving regulations in efforts to control and prevent COVID-19 outbreaks in the future.
SGLT2 Inhibitor and GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Co-Treatment: Liver Function Effects in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Tsuriya Daisuke , Kobayashi Kazuo , Takeshita Kei , Hashimoto Takuya , Kimura Moritsugu , Muta Yoshimi , Yokomizo Hisashi , Takashi Yuichi , Tsukamoto Shunichiro , Tamura Kouichi , Kanasaki Keizo , Kawanami Daiji , Toyoda Masao 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Purpose
We evaluated the effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors (SGLT2is) and GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP1Ras) combination treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed data for 643 patients with T2DM receiving SGLT2i + GLP1Ra combination treatment for at least one year (331 and 312 patients in the GLP1Ra- and SGLT2i-preceding groups, respectively). We used multiple imputation to generate replacement values for missing data, and thereafter, performed sensitivity analysis on the complete dataset. Propensity score matching was used to compare the effects of the preceding drugs on liver function.
Results
The mean AST/ALT values at baseline, at the initiation of combination treatment, and at final observation were 29.8 ± 20.0/37.7 ± 29.5, 28.7 ± 17.3/35.3 ± 6.0, and 26.0 ± 14.6/30.1 ± 21.6 IU/L, respectively, indicative of significant improvements in liver function (p < 0.001). Conversely, the FIB-4 index increased significantly from 1.28 ± 0.80 at baseline to 1.38 ± 0.83 (p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed no significant increases in FIB-4 index and ALT values for patients with baseline FIB-4 index ≥ 1.3 and ALT ≥ 30 IU/L. The matched model showed no significant differences in liver function or FIB-4 index after combination treatment between the SGLT2i- and GLP1Ra-preceding groups.
Conclusion
SGLT2i + GLP1Ra combination treatment significantly improved liver function and prevented FIB-4 index increases among patients with FIB-4 index ≥ 1.3. Further, even though the preceding drug did not affect liver function, prior use of SGLT2is appeared to be beneficial for improving liver function.
High-dose intravenous iron use in hemodialysis patients: Results from the National Health Insurance System (2019–2020) in South Korea
Authors: Cho AJin , Bae Yoonjong , Kim Mina , Kim Do Hyoung , Lee Young-Ki , Park Hayne Cho 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Intravenous (IV) iron administration is used widely for treating anemia in hemodialysis (HD) patients. In this study, we investigated the safety of IV iron therapy in this population.
Methods
This study analyzed claims data from the National Health Insurance System and included patients with end-stage renal disease who were receiving HD for more than 3 months as of January 1, 2019. Monthly doses of IV iron were measured for these patients from January 1 to June 30, 2019. Patients were classified into a high- or low-dose group based on the cutoff of a monthly dose of 300 mg iron sucrose. Study outcomes were infection-related hospitalization, cardiovascular events, and all-cause mortality and hospitalization that occurred from July 1, 2019, to December 31, 2020.
Results
Among 33,527 HD patients, 13,609 (40.6%) and 363 (1.1%) patients were administered IV iron at doses of 1–299 mg/month and ≥300 mg/month, respectively. The mean age was 63 years, and 60.4% were men. Compared with the low-dose group, the high-dose group was younger, had higher percentages of men and Medicaid recipients, and had higher prevalence rates of diabetes and hypertension. The rates of infection-related hospitalization, cardiovascular events, and all-cause hospitalization and mortality were not significantly higher in the high-dose than in the low-dose group. Compared with the 1–100 mg IV iron sucrose dose, higher doses were not associated with an increased risk of outcome events.
Conclusion
High-dose IV iron administration did not increase rates of mortality or morbidity in HD patients.
Image Classification on Small Datasets using Query Attention Module
Authors: Jiang Chunyu , Wang Chen , Zhang Hanxiang , Li Renwei 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Visual Transformers (VTs) are increasingly popular in computer vision due to their robust global modeling. However, they do not have the same learning advantages as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), which can be trained effectively with less data. This paper presents a simple "query attention" module that enhances VTs for small datasets. This module combines channel and spatial data to improve results without the need for pre-training. The query attention shows strong learning abilities and makes the model more efficient. Even with a reduced VTs backbone, the module improves performance over other methods. We tested this on four small datasets (CIFAR10/100, CINIC10, and Tiny-ImageNet) and found that our approach performed better. For instance, by using fewer layers in ViT with the query attention, we reduced parameters by 20\% and increased accuracy by 4.26\% on Tiny-ImageNet.
Enhancing Kharif Pearlmillet (Pennisetum Glaucum) Growth and Yield Through Integrated Approaches: a Comprehensive Field Study on Animal Dung Composts, Cow-based Bio-enhancers and Fertilizer Management in Loamy Sand
Authors: Patel D. M. , Jat J. R. , Meena O. P. , Chauhan K. J. , Kachhiyapatel K. A. , Desai L. J. , Patel K. K. , Patel R. M. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Field trial experiments were carried out during the June to November 2021 and 2022. Throughout both years, the trials were carried out at the same location. Obtained results showed that among the different composts made from different animal dung, goat dung compost at a rate of 100 quintal/ha was found to be superior in the case of plant height, effective tillers, earhead length, pearlmillets’ seed and straw yield. Cow-based bio-enhancers, particularly Panchagavya, enhanced plant height, effective tillers per plant, length of earhead and seed yield and straw yield compared to cow urine and Jivamrut. Fertilizer levels significantly affected plant height, effective tillers and earhead length, with the recommended dose of fertilizer outperforming 75%. Interaction effect revealed synergies between goat dung compost, Panchagavya and 100% fertilizer dose, superior plant height, earhead length and seed yield. The study highlights the potential for integrated approaches involving specific compost, cow-based bio-enhancers and fertilizer levels to optimize pearlmillet growth and yield.
Social determinants of health and use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and germline genetic testing in patients with early stage triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) in the community oncology setting
Authors: Reid Robert , Danso Michael , Dye Joseph , Leong Traci , Raska Paola , kuntz Barb , kidd Angel , Espirito Janet , Tedesco karen , Goudar Ranjit , Lewis Tifany , Clark Becky , Adger Rachael , kocemba Leanne , Mendenhall Molly , Robert Nicholas 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Triple negative breast cancer is a biologically aggressive cancer with limited treatment options. The disease behaves more aggressively in Black women, producing higher mortality rates.
Methods
With the aim of understanding reasons for this difference in outcomes, a retrospective, observational cohort study was conducted. We sought to correlate social determinants of health with use of germline genetic testing and administration of neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Results
We observed lower use of germline genetic testing among patients who were Black (OR = 0.43, p = 0.007 vs. White) or from lower socioeconomic status neighborhoods (OR = 0.98, p = 0.001). Nonetheless, lower administration of neoadjuvant chemotherapy was seen in those of older age (OR = 0.95, p < 0.001) or on Medicaid insurance (OR = 0.54, p = 0.020 vs. commercial insurance), while higher administration was seen among patients that were Black (OR = 1.57, p = 0.044 vs. White), obese (OR = 1.46, p = 0.048 vs. normal BMI), or stages over IIA (all stages above IIA p < 0.001 vs. IIA).
Conclusion
Findings suggest that differences in outcomes seen in Black patients may be due to reduced use of germline genetic testing, but not reduced administration of neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Genome-wide identification and comprehensive analysis of the AP2/ERF gene family in Prunus sibirica under low-temperature stress
Authors: Zhang Hongrui , Wang Shipeng , Zhao Xin , Dong Shengjun , Chen Jianhua , Sun Yongqiang , Sun Qiaowei , Liu Quangang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background AP2/ERF transcription factors (TFs) are plant-specific transcription factors involved in the regulation of plant growth and development and in response to stresses. Although AP2/ERF TFs have been identified in numerous species and analyzed in many, such as Oryza sativa, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Populus trichocarpa, studies on the Prunus sibirica AP2/ERF (PsAP2/ERF) gene family have not been reported. In the study, 112 PsAP2/ERFs were identified and categorized into 16 subfamilies.
Results The same subfamilies of PsAP2/ERFs typically exhibited similar exon-intron structures and motif compositions. In all, 50 pairs of segmentally duplicated genes were identified within the PsAP2/ERF gene family. The results showed that 20 PsAP2/ERFswere highly expressed in leaves, roots, and pistils, and highly expressed under different conditions of low temperature stress.
Conclusions This study provides a solid scientific foundation for follow-up research on the evolutionary characteristics of AP2/ERFs in P. sibirica, leading to an improved understanding of the molecular basis of their developmental and low-temperature stress responses, and further investigating the functional expression of PsAP2/ERFs.
Effect of the non-uniform pressure on the deformation and instability of the sheet in flexible-die bulge forming
Authors: Wang Zeyu , Wang Zhongjin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

In recent years, the application of non-uniform pressure in flexible-die forming, such as viscous pressure forming and magnetorheological pressure forming, has been utilized in manufacturing many thin-walled components. However, the non-uniform pressure is mainly applied to change the shape of the sheet. The effects of the non-uniform pressure on thickness reduction and fracture are still intricate. In this study, the mechanism of the non-uniform pressure to decrease thickness reduction and delay fracture instability in the bulge test is revealed. The non-uniform pressure changes the principal stresses, causing distinct deformation behaviors. There are two opposite effects on thickness reduction and fracture instability. If the pressure at the bulged pole decreases, the shape is more prolate, leading toa decreased average thickness and a decreased polar curvature. The thickness reduction tends to be severe, and the diffuse necking is easy to produce. If the pressure at the bulged pole increases, the shape is more oblate, leading to an increased strain gradient. The thickness reduction tends to be severe, and the localized necking is easy to produce. Characteristics of the pressure to decrease thickness reduction and delay instability are presented. Viscous pressure bulge tests are carried out. Experiment results of the shape, thickness uniformity, polar strain, and fracture verify the theory. The fracture strain increases by 5.6 % compared with the uniform pressure condition. This study proves that non-uniform pressure can promote sheet formability, indicating that non-uniform pressure has broad application prospects in sheet metal forming.