bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Structure Preserving Embedded Deformation for Resizing Images and Vector Art
Authors: Huang Qi‐xing , Mech Radomir , Carr Nathan 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSmart deformation and warping tools play an important part in modern day geometric modeling systems. They allow existing content to be stretched or scaled while preserving visually salient information. To date, these techniques have primarily focused on preserving local shape details, not taking into account important global structures such as symmetry and line features. In this work we present a novel framework that can be used to preserve the global structure in images and vector art. Such structures include symmetries and the spatial relations in shapes and line features in an image. Central to our method is a new formulation of preserving structure as an optimization problem. We use novel optimization strategies to achieve the interactive performance required by modern day modeling applications. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework by performing structure preservation deformation of images and complex vector art at interactive rates.
Textures on Rank‐1 Lattices
Authors: Dammertz Sabrina , Dammertz Holger , Keller Alexander , Lensch Hendrik P. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractStoring textures on orthogonal tensor product lattices is predominant in computer graphics, although it is known that their sampling efficiency is not optimal. In two dimensions, the hexagonal lattice provides the maximum sampling efficiency. However, handling these lattices is difficult, because they are not able to tile an arbitrary rectangular region and have an irrational basis. By storing textures on rank‐1 lattices, we resolve both problems: Rank‐1 lattices can closely approximate hexagonal lattices, while all coordinates of the lattice points remain integer. At identical memory footprint texture quality is improved as compared to traditional orthogonal tensor product lattices due to the higher sampling efficiency. We introduce the basic theory of rank‐1 lattice textures and present an algorithmic framework which easily can be integrated into existing off‐line and real‐time rendering systems.
Image and Video Abstraction by Anisotropic Kuwahara Filtering
Authors: Kyprianidis Jan Eric , Kang Henry , Döllner Jürgen 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWe present a non‐photorealistic rendering technique to transform color images and videos into painterly abstractions. It is based on a generalization of the Kuwahara filter that is adapted to the local shape of features, derived from the smoothed structure tensor. Contrary to conventional edge‐preserving filters, our filter generates a painting‐like flattening effect along the local feature directions while preserving shape boundaries. As opposed to conventional painting algorithms, it produces temporally coherent video abstraction without extra processing. The GPU implementation of our method processes video in real‐time. The results have the clearness of cartoon illustrations but also exhibit directional information as found in oil paintings.
Interactive Cover Design Considering Physical Constraints
Authors: Igarashi Yuki , Igarashi Takeo , Suzuki Hiromasa 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWe developed an interactive system to design a customized cover for a given three‐dimensional (3D) object such as a camera, teapot, or car. The system first computes the convex hull of the input geometry. The user segments it into several cloth patches by drawing on the 3D surface. This paper provides two technical contributions. First, it introduces a specialized flattening algorithm for cover patches. It makes each two‐dimensional edge in the flattened pattern equal to or longer than the original 3D edge; a smaller patch would fail to cover the object, and a larger patch would result in extra wrinkles. Second, it introduces a mechanism to verify that the user‐specified opening would be large enough for the object to be removed. Starting with the initial configuration, the system virtually “pulls” the object out of the cover while avoiding excessive stretching of cloth patches. We used the system to design real covers and confirmed that it functions as intended.
Variational Surface Approximation and Model Selection
Authors: Li Bao , Schnabel Ruwen , Jin Shiyao , Klein Reinhard 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWe consider the problem of approximating an arbitrary generic surface with a given set of simple surface primitives. In contrast to previous approaches based on variational surface approximation, which are primarily concerned with finding an optimal partitioning of the input geometry, we propose to integrate a model selection step into the algorithm in order to also optimize the type of primitive for each proxy. Our method is a joint global optimization of both the partitioning of the input surface as well as the types and number of used shape proxies. Thus, our method performs an automatic trade‐off between representation complexity and approximation error without relying on a user supplied predetermined number of shape proxies. This way concise surface representations are found that better exploit the full approximative power of the employed primitive types.
Mothers' and Children's Positive Emotion: Relations and Trajectories across Four Years
Authors: Sallquist Julie , Eisenberg Nancy , Spinrad Tracy L. , Gaertner Bridget M. , Eggum Natalie D. , Zhou Nianli 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe goals of this study were to examine the relations between and trajectories of mothers' and children's social positive expressivity (PE). Mothers' and children's PE were observed annually for four years beginning when children were approximately 18 months old (N = 247; 110 girls). Based on correlations, there was evidence of rank‐order stability in children's and mothers' PE. Based on growth curve analyses, mothers' and children's PE followed curvilinear trajectories; thus, mean‐level instability was found. Children's PE during a free‐play interaction with their mothers increased then decreased slightly whereas mothers' affect during the same task decreased then stabilized. Children's PE during a joy‐inducing situation (i.e., bubbles) with an experimenter slightly decreased and then increased. In panel models, there was no evidence of prediction over time across children's and mothers' PE when taking stability into account. These unique trajectories and relations provide insight into the developmental pattern of young children's and their mothers' PE elicited within social contexts.
The Geography of a Mixed‐Race Society
Authors: CLARK WILLIAM A. V. , MAAS REGAN 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTThe pattern and level of separation among ethnic groups continues to change, and there are certainly more mixed neighborhoods both in cities and suburbs than two decades ago. The immigration flows of the past decade have substantially altered the ethnic mix and neighborhood mixing. In addition, multi‐ethnic individuals themselves are altering the level of mixing among racial and ethnic groups. The research in this article shows that those who report themselves of more than one race have high levels of residential integration both in central cities and suburbs. These residential patterns can be interpreted as further evidence of tentative steps to a society in which race per se is less critical in residential patterning. The level of integration, for Asian mixed and black mixed is different and substantially higher than for those who report one race alone. The research in this article builds on previous aggregate studies of mixed‐race individuals to show substantial patterns of integration in California's metropolitan areas.
ENTWINED PRACTICES: ENGAGEMENTS WITH PHOTOGRAPHY IN HISTORICAL INQUIRY
Authors:   JENNIFER TUCKER in collaboration with Tina Campt
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTThe status of photographs as keystones of historical explanation has become a topic of urgent intellectual and cultural interest around the world, at the same time as methods of shaping historical narratives are also changing in ways that compel attention to the employment of photographs in historiography. By exposing the questions we ought to raise about all historical evidence, photographs reveal not simply the potential and limits of photography as a historical source, but the potential and limits of all historical sources and historical inquiry as an intellectual project. As the papers in this issue make apparent, this is precisely the promise and ultimate potential of the historical study of photographs—that it pushes their interpreters to the limits of historical analysis. This essay, which serves as an introduction to the Theme Issue, contextualizes issues raised by the articles and offers a critical synthesis of their impact on future scholarship about photography in historical analysis.
OF FISH, BIRDS, CATS, MICE, SPIDERS, FLIES, PIGS, AND CHIMPANZEES: HOW CHANCE CASTS THE HISTORIC ACTION PHOTOGRAPH INTO DOUBT
Authors: KELSEY ROBIN 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTThe role of chance in producing a picture by snapping a shutter release before a complex and quickly changing scene weakens the bond between the historic action photograph and the meanings it is routinely asked to bear. To appreciate this problem and to understand the array of popular notions that have been marshaled to finesse or suppress the role of chance in photographic production, I consider the case of Joe Rosenthal's 1945 photograph of American servicemen raising a flag on Iwo Jima. The analysis pushes the production of this famous photograph through a series of zoological analogies: Is it like a fisherman reeling in a trophy catch? Like a cat pouncing on a mouse or a spider setting a trap for a fly? Like a pig pushing its snout through the dirt? Like chimpanzees banging at typewriters? These analogies are playful but also serious. We need new models for understanding the production of the historic action photograph because the predominant modern and postmodern approaches to that production have suppressed the role of chance. Whereas the modern regime tends to understand the historic action photograph as an inspired flash of history, the postmodern regime tends to understand it as a discursive effect. Entertaining the notion that such a photograph is instead a stochastic result leads to a new conception of photography and its relationship to history. Chance emerges as a third kind of photographic madness, alongside the industrial madness decried by Charles Baudelaire and the indexical madness that moved Roland Barthes.
NEITHER FISH NOR FLESH
Authors: TAGG JOHN 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTAgainst the notion of chance that Robin Kelsey proposes as the opening to a new conception of photography and its relationship to history, this response argues for attention to the apparatuses that strive to “cope with chance” and guarantee meaning—apparatuses whose effective purpose is precisely not to be undone by chance and not to be reminded of their contingent and arbitrary nature—in other words, of their historicity. This opens another kind of encounter with the historicity of the photographic image, as sliding from frame to frame, never quite fitting any of them, the photograph shows itself as an elusive opening, the ground of irreducibly heterogeneous and radically incommensurable stakes—never just one definitive and well‐flagged stake driven into the ground at some singular moment in the past.
PHOTOGRAPHIC AMBIVALENCE AND HISTORICAL CONSCIOUSNESS
Authors: ROTH MICHAEL S. 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTThis essay focuses on three topics that arose at the Photography and Historical Interpretation conference: photography's incapacity to conceive duration; photography and the “rim of ontological uncertainty;” photography's “anthropological revolution.” In the late nineteenth century, blindness to duration was conceptualized as the cost of photographic precision. Since the late twentieth century, blindness to our own desires, or inauthenticity, has been underlined as the price of photographic ubiquity. These forms of blindness, however, are not so much disabilities to be overcome as they are aspects of modern consciousness to be acknowledged. The engagement with photography's impact on historical consciousness gives rise to reconsiderations of temporal extension and to the difficulties of acknowledging one's desires in an increasingly open and fractured social field. Photography's indexicality combined with its reproducibility gives rise to photographic ambivalence. As with other forms of ambivalence, we should be less concerned with diluting its constitutive tensions than with learning to live with its conflicted possibilities.
PHOTOGRAPHY AND THE PRACTICES OF CRITICAL BLACK MEMORY
Authors: RAIFORD LEIGH 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTNot too long after photography's grand debut in 1839, physician and inventor Oliver Wendell Holmes described the new technology as a “mirror with a memory.” What might this phrase mean for the question of African Americans and their relationship to the vicissitudes of photography and the vagaries of memory in particular? Through readings of works of art and social activism that make use of lynching photographs, this essay considers ways in which photography has functioned as a technology of memory for African Americans, what the essay calls critical black memory, and proffers a mode of historical interpretation that both plays upon and questions photography's documentary capacity.The essay makes two claims specifically. First, the mechanical reproduction of lynching by way of the photograph has been central to the recounting and reconstitution of black political cultures throughout the Jim Crow and post‐Civil Rights era. From the usage of lynching photography in pamphlets by early twentieth‐century anti‐lynching activists, to posters created by mid‐century civil rights organizations, to their deployment in contemporary art and popular culture, this archive has been a constitutive element of black visuality more broadly. Second, African American engagements with photography as a “site of memory” suggest a mode of historical interpretation in which African Americans simultaneously critique the “truth‐claims” of photography while they mobilize the medium's documentary capacity to intervene in the classification and subjugation of black life.
THE EVIDENCE OF SIGHT
Authors: THOMAS JULIA ADENEY 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTIn The Archaeology of Knowledge, Michel Foucault focuses on excavating discursive formations, but he acknowledges that a pre‐discursive reality, “the enigmatic treasure of ‘things’ anterior to discourse,” also exists. This divide between the pre‐discursive and the discursive is straddled, I argue, by photographs as historians use them. The reason for photography's dual capacity lies with the complex nature of sight, which is both precognitive (primarily so, as neuroscience demonstrates), and also culturally encoded. Historians most commonly rely on mute sensuality; they place photographs in books with little comment, implying that some form of unmediated recognition is possible. Used in this way, photographs cannot serve as the basis for new analyses but may underscore the affective stance of historians toward their topics. Less commonly, historians interrogate photographs much like texts, locating them within the discourses through which they emerged. This strategy treats the experience of sight, in Joan Scott's words, as “an interpretation that needs to be interpreted.” Photographs seen as discursive objects may provide understanding of past political and social relations, but we lose any assurance that we can recognize and intuitively understand their subjects. In short, we risk blindness. I explore these two fundamentally different strategies for approaching photographs, using the concepts of recognition and excavation to examine an image made in 1946 by Japanese photographer Hayashi Tadahiko. Photographs, I argue, expose our dual relationship with the past, both visceral and cultural.
Common Divisors, Payout Persistence, and Return Predictability
Authors: POWELL JOHN , SHI JING , SMITH TOM , WHALEY ROBERT 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTIn the finance and accounting literature, the use of a common divisor in the dependent and independent variables of ordinary least‐squares regressions is commonplace. What goes less recognized, however, is that their use induces spurious correlation between the regression variables and invalidates standard testing procedures. This paper analyses the common divisor problem by outlining analytical results concerning the expected R2 and providing a simulation procedure that generates test statistics from which critical values can be drawn. To illustrate the procedure, we re‐investigate payout yield return predictability findings that have appeared in the literature and show that the results are spurious.
Pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic modelling of the analgesic effects of lumiracoxib, a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase‐2, in rats
Authors: Vásquez‐Bahena DA , Salazar‐Morales UE , Ortiz MI , Castañeda‐Hernández G , Trocóniz IF 
Published: December 2009

Background and purpose: This study establishes a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model to describe the time course andin vivomechanisms of action of the antinociceptive effects of lumiracoxib, evaluated by the thermal hyperalgesia test in rats.Experimental approach: Female Wistar fasted rats were injected s.c. with saline or carrageenan in the right hind paw, followed by either 0, 1, 3, 10 or 30 mg·kg−1of oral lumiracoxib at the time of carrageenan injection (experiment I), or 0, 10 or 30 mg·kg−1oral lumiracoxib at 4 h after carrageenan injection (experiment II). Antihyperalgesic responses were measured as latency time (LT) to a thermal stimulus. PK/PD modelling of the antinociceptive response was performed using the population approach with NONMEM VI.Results: A two‐compartment model described the plasma disposition. A first‐order model, including lag time and decreased relative bioavailability as a function of the dose, described the absorption process. The response model was:LT=LT0/(1 +MED).LT0is the baseline response, andMEDrepresents the level of inflammatory mediators. The time course of MED was assumed to be equivalent to the predicted profile of COX‐2 activity and was modelled according to an indirect response model with a time variant synthesis rate. Drug effects were described as a reversible inhibition of the COX‐2 activity. Thein vivoestimate of the dissociation equilibrium constant of the COX‐2‐lumiracoxib complex was 0.24 µg·mL−1.Conclusions: The model developed appropriately described the time course of pharmacological responses to lumiracoxib, in terms of its mechanism of action and pharmacokinetics.
Using calculated chemical potential relationships to account for coronas around kyanite: an example from the Bohemian Massif
Authors: ŠTÍPSKÁ P. , POWELL R. , WHITE R. W. , BALDWIN J. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCorona textures around kyanite, involving for example zoned plagioclase separating kyanite from the matrix, reflect the instability of kyanite with the matrix on changing P–T conditions, commonly related to decompression. The chemical potential gradients set up between the kyanite and the matrix as a consequence of slow Al diffusion drive corona development, with the zoning of the plagioclase reflecting the gradients. Calculated mineral equilibria are used to account for corona textures involving plagioclase ± garnet around kyanite, and replacement of kyanite by plagioclase + spinel symplectite, in quartz + plagioclase + K‐feldspar + garnet + kyanite granulite facies gneiss from the Blanský les massif in the Bohemian massif, Czech Republic. In the garnet‐bearing coronas, a commonly discontinuous garnet layer lies between the kyanite and the continuous plagioclase layer in the corona, with both the garnet and the plagioclase appearing mainly to replace matrix rather than kyanite. The garnet layer commonly extends around kyanite from original matrix garnet adjacent to the kyanite. Where garnet is missing in the corona, the kyanite itself may be replaced by a spinel–plagioclase corona. In a local equilibrium model, the mineral and mineral compositional spatial relationships are shown to correspond to paths in μ(Na2O)–μ(CaO)–μ(K2O)–μ(FeO)–μ(MgO)–μ(SiO2) in the model chemical system, Na2O–CaO–K2O–FeO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2 (NCKFMAS). The discontinuous nature of the garnet layer in coronas is accounted for by the effect of the adjacent original garnet on the chemical potential relationships. The replacement of kyanite by spinel + plagioclase appears to be metastable with respect to replacement by corundum + plagioclase, possibly reflecting the difficulty of nucleating corundum.
Modeling and Simulation of a Transcutaneous Energy Transmission System Used in Artificial Organ Implants
Authors: Fang Wan , Liu Wei , Qian Jie , Tang Houjun , Ye Pengsheng 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWe present a mathematical model to simulate transcutaneous energy transmission systems. Treating such systems as resonant power electronic converters, we develop the equivalent circuit equations, for which the circuit variables are then expanded as Fourier series and a multi‐frequency averaging method was applied. Keeping terms up to first‐order, the analysis produces a dynamic and harmonic model describing these energy transmission systems. With appropriate values for the circuit parameters, numerical results are compared with those of the exact time domain model. This comparison verifies that our model can adequately represent to first‐order such energy‐transmission systems.
Language lateralization correlates with verbal memory performance in children with focal epilepsy
Authors: Everts Regula , Simon Harvey A. , Lillywhite Leasha , Wrennall Jacquie , Abbott David F. , Gonzalez Linda , Kean Michael , Jackson Graeme D. , Anderson Vicki 
Published: December 2009

SummaryPurpose:  Assessment of language dominance with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and neuropsychological evaluation is often used prior to epilepsy surgery. This study explores whether language lateralization and cognitive performance are systematically related in young patients with focal epilepsy.Methods:  Language fMRI and neuropsychological data (language, visuospatial functions, and memory) of 40 patients (7–18 years of age) with unilateral, refractory focal epilepsy in temporal and/or frontal areas of the left (n = 23) or right hemisphere (n = 17) were analyzed. fMRI data of 18 healthy controls (7–18 years) served as a normative sample. A laterality index was computed to determine the lateralization of activation in three regions of interest (frontal, parietal, and temporal).Results:  Atypical language lateralization was demonstrated in 12 (30%) of 40 patients. A correlation between language lateralization and verbal memory performance occurred in patients with left‐sided epilepsy over all three regions of interest, with bilateral or right‐sided language lateralization being correlated with better verbal memory performance (Word Pairs Recall: frontal r = −0.4, p = 0.016; parietal r = −0.4, p = 0.043; temporal r = −0.4, p = 0.041). Verbal memory performance made the largest contribution to language lateralization, whereas handedness and side of seizures did not contribute to the variance in language lateralization.Discussion:  This finding reflects the association between neocortical language and hippocampal memory regions in patients with left‐sided epilepsy. Atypical language lateralization is advantageous for verbal memory performance, presumably a result of transfer of verbal memory function. In children with focal epilepsy, verbal memory performance provides a better idea of language lateralization than handedness and side of epilepsy and lesion.