bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Approach to Detecting Contrast Extravasation in Computed Tomography: Evaluating the Injection Pressure-to-Injection Rate Ratio
Authors: Kobayashi Naoki , Nakaura Takeshi , Shiraishi Kaori , Uetani Hiroyuki , Nagayama Yasunori , Kidoh Masafumi , Oda Seitaro , Sakabe Daisuke , Ikeda Ryuji , Hatemura Masahiro , Murakami Michiyo , Funama Yoshinori , Hirai Toshinori 
Published: May 2024

Objective
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the injection pressure-to-injection rate (IPIR) ratio for the early detection of contrast extravasation at the venipuncture site during contrast-enhanced computed tomography.

Methods
We retrospectively enrolled 57,528 patients who underwent contrast-enhanced computed tomography examinations in a single hospital. The power injector recorded the contrast injection pressure at 0.25-second intervals. We constructed logistic regression models using the IPIR ratio as the independent variable and extravasation occurrence as the dependent variable (IPIR ratio models) at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 seconds after the start of contrast administration. Univariate logistic regression models in which injection pressure is used as an independent variable (injection pressure models) were also constructed as a reference baseline. The performance of the models was evaluated with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves.

Results
Of the 57,528 cases, 46,022 were assigned to the training group and 11,506 were assigned to the test group, which included 112 extravasation cases (0.24%) in the training group and 28 (0.24%) in the test group. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves for the IPIR ratio models and injection pressure models were 0.555 versus 0.563 at t = 1 (P = 0.270), 0.712 versus 0.678 at t = 2 (P = 0.305), 0.758 versus 0.693 at t = 3 (P = 0.032), 0.776 versus 0.688 at t = 4 (P = 0.005), 0.810 versus 0.699 at t = 5 (P = 0.002), and 0.811 versus 0.706 at t = 6 (P = 0.002).

Conclusions
The IPIR ratio models perform better in detecting contrast extravasation at 3 to 6 seconds after the start of contrast administration than injection pressure models.
Recovery From Homonymous Hemianopia in Hyperglycemia-Induced Occipital Lobe Electroclinical Seizures Following Glycemic Control
Authors: Walker Charles E. L. , Lee Brendon W. H. , Offord Joanna E. , Laue-Gizzi Hanka , Watson Shaun , Somerville Ernest , Agar Ashish , Coroneo Minas T. , Francis Ian C. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Visual changes due to hyperglycemia in diabetes are not uncommon. While blurred vision is a well-established sequela of chronic hyperglycemia, homonymous hemianopia with or without electroclinical seizures is much rarer and can be mistaken for migraine, temporal arteritis, or ischemia of the central nervous system.

Methods:
This article analyzed case studies for 3 patients (67M, 68M, 52F) presenting with complex visual phenomena, from 3 to 42 days duration, including pathogenesis, clinical findings, management, and follow-up.

Results:
Examinations demonstrated dense left homonymous hemianopias in 2 patients and a left inferior homonymous quadrantanopia in one, with no other abnormalities. Patients described vivid, nonstereotyped intermittent hallucinations in the affected fields. Blood glucose levels ranged from 13.5 to 35.0 mmol/L (243–630 mg/dL) without ketosis and HbA1c from 14.6% to 16.8%. Computed tomography of the brain showed no acute intracranial pathology. MRI of the brain either detected no abnormalities or demonstrated changes consistent with seizure activity. Electroencephalogram (EEG) demonstrated seizures over the right occipital region in each patient. EEG seizures coincided with patients' hallucinations, while they remained otherwise conscious. Oral hypoglycemic and antiepileptic medications were commenced with rapid and complete reversal of the seizures and visual field deficits, confirmed by repeat Automated 30-2 and MRI.

Conclusions:
Hyperglycemia-induced occipital lobe seizures with visual hallucinations and interictal homonymous visual field defects represent a rare but clinically important diagnosis. This article highlights the importance of prompt recognition and treatment to facilitate recovery.
Combining environmental DNA and remote sensing for efficient, fine-scale mapping of arthropod biodiversity
Authors: Li Yuanheng , Devenish Christian , Tosa Marie I. , Luo Mingjie , Bell David M. , Lesmeister Damon B. , Greenfield Paul , Pichler Maximilian , Levi Taal , Yu Douglas W. 
Published: May 2024

Arthropods contribute importantly to ecosystem functioning but remain understudied. This undermines the validity of conservation decisions. Modern methods are now making arthropods easier to study, since arthropods can be mass-trapped, mass-identified, and semi-mass-quantified into ‘many-row (observation), many-column (species)‘ datasets, with homogeneous error, high resolution, and copious environmental-covariate information. These ‘novel community datasets’ let us efficiently generate information on arthropod species distributions, conservation values, uncertainty, and the magnitude and direction of human impacts. We use a DNA-based method (barcode mapping) to produce an arthropod-community dataset from 121 Malaise-trap samples, and combine it with 29 remote-imagery layers using a deep neural net in a joint species distribution model. With this approach, we generate distribution maps for 76 arthropod species across a 225 km2temperate-zone forested landscape. We combine the maps to visualize the fine-scale spatial distributions of species richness, community composition, and site irreplaceability. Old-growth forests show distinct community composition and higher species richness, and stream courses have the highest site-irreplaceability values. With this ‘sideways biodiversity modelling’ method, we demonstrate the feasibility of biodiversity mapping at sufficient spatial resolution to inform local management choices, while also being efficient enough to scale up to thousands of square kilometres.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Towards a toolkit for global insect biodiversity monitoring’.
Characterization of Group A streptococci causing invasive diseases in Sri Lanka
Authors: Weerasekara Madumali , Vidanapathirana Gihani , Li Carmen , Tennegedara Asanka , Dissanayake Rasadanie , Ekanayake Asela , Abeykoon Muditha , Kothalawala Mahen , Liyanapathirana Veranja , Ip Margaret 
Published: May 2024

Group A, β haemolytic streptococci (GAS) or Streptococcus pyogenes is a human pathogen that causes an array of infections including pharyngitis, cellulitis, impetigo, scarlet fever, toxic shock syndrome, and necrotizing fasciitis. The present study characterizes 51 GAS isolates from invasive infections in Sri Lanka, focusing on resistance profiles, genetic determinants of resistance, and virulence markers.
Isolates were tested for sensitivity to penicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin and tetracycline. The presence of erm(A), erm(B), mef(A) was detected in erythromycin-resistant isolates while tet(M) was detected in the tetracycline-resistant isolates. PCR was used to identify SpeA, SpeB, SpeC, SpeF, SpeG, smez and ssa as virulence markers. Selected GAS isolates were emm-typed using the updated CDC protocol.
All 51 isolates were susceptible to penicillin. The number of isolates non-susceptible to erythromycin was 16. The commonest resistant determinant identified was erm(B) (11/16). Tetracycline nonsusceptibility was found in 36 (70.6%) isolates and 26 of them contained the tet(M) gene. Thirteen (25.5%) isolates were resistant to both tetracycline and erythromycin while 12 (23.5%) isolates were sensitive to both antibiotics. The commonest virulence markers detected among the isolates was SpeB (44, 86.3%), SpeG (36, 70.6%), SpeF (35, 68.6%) while SpeJ (15, 29.4%), SpeA (10, 19.6%) and ssa (5,9.8%) were less common.
In conclusion, GAS isolates studied showed resistance to erythromycin and tetracycline, while retaining universal susceptibility to penicillin. Additionally, these isolates exhibited diverse genetic backgrounds, displaying varying patterns of virulence genes and emm types.
A study on viruses and bacteria with particular interest on Mycoplasma pneumoniae in children with exacerbation of asthma from a tertiary care hospital in Sri Lanka
Authors: Wijesooriya Lakmini Inoka , Chalker Victoria , Perera Priyantha , Sunil-Chandra N.P. 
Published: May 2024

Asthma is a significant public health concern, particularly in children with severe symptoms. Exacerbation of asthma (EOA) is life-threatening and respiratory infections (RIs) play a crucial role. Though viruses play a significant role in EOA, patients are empirically treated with antibiotics which contribute to the development of antibiotic resistance. Although there are widely reported association of EOA with viral or M. pneumoniae infections, there are no published data in Sri Lanka. The present study aimed to identify the association of common respiratory viruses, typical respiratory bacterial pathogens, and M. pneumoniae in children with EOA and relate them with the compatibility of antimicrobial use.
A case-control study was conducted in the pediatric unit of North Colombo Teaching Hospital, Sri Lanka, involving two groups of children between 5-15 years of age. Group-1: children with EOA, Group-2: children with stable asthma (SA). Each group consisted of 100 children. Sputum/throat swabs were tested for common respiratory viruses using virus specific FITC-labelled monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), bacteria by routine culture and M. pneumoniae by RT-PCR. Macrolide-resistance in M. pneumoniae was detected using conventional PCR and sequencing specific genetic mutations in the 23S rRNA gene. M. pneumoniae was genotyped using nested multilocus sequence typing (MLST), which targeted eight housekeeping genes (ppa, pgm, gyrB, gmk, glyA, atpA, arcC, adk).
There was no significant difference in age, gender, demographic or geographical locations between the two groups. In children with EOA, antibiotics were used in 66% (66/100) and macrolides in 42% (42/100) in children with EOA. Samples consisted of 78% (78/100) sputum and 22% (22/100) throat swabs. Adenovirus was the most common virus identified, and it was significantly higher in children with EOA compared to those with SA, but no significant difference in typical bacteria findings between the two groups. M. pneumoniae was detected in one patient with EOA, with none detected in the SA group. The M. pneumoniae was macrolide sensitive, and it was ST14 by Multi Locus Sequence Typing. This study showed that the empiric use of antibiotics in children with asthma may be better targeted with prior pathogen screening to inform appropriate treatment to minimize antibiotic resistance.
Design and Technical Feasibility Testing of a Medical Robot for Flexible Catheter Navigation Inside the Lung Airways
Authors: Gruionu Lucian Gheorghe , Langø Thomas , Leira Håkon Olav , Hofstad Erlend Fagertun , Udriştoiu Anca Loredana , Iacob Andreea Valentina , Constantinescu Cătălin , Chihaia Cristian , Gruionu Gabriel 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTThe integration of medical robots is revolutionizing clinical medicine, especially in procedures requiring precision in instrument manipulation and navigation within the body using medical imaging techniques like fluoroscopy, CT, and MRI. This is particularly challenging in peripheral lung lesion examinations, where guiding long, flexible instruments through the lung airways to the target exposes medical professionals and patients to harmful X-ray radiation. Several robotic approaches exist but there are still shortcomings in terms of their large footprint in the operating room and complex and costly mechanical structure. The goal of our research was to develop and test the early feasibility of RoboCath, an innovative robotic platform designed for the adaptable navigation of long, flexible catheter-like medical instruments through the lung airways. RoboCath seamlessly integrates with existing medical devices, such as bronchoscopes, facilitating access to lower lung regions with precision. Its compact design is ideal for crowded operating rooms, ensures sterilization compatibility, and supports a broad range of procedures, including those requiring intricate instrument manipulation and medical imaging for navigation. This technology significantly reduces the reliance on X-ray, thereby minimizing radiation exposure to both healthcare providers and patients. The RoboCath system represents a significant advancement in the field of medical robotics, offering a novel solution to the challenges of lung lesion biopsy and diagnosis, with potential applications in various open orifice procedures.
Exposure to autoimmune disorders increases Alzheimer’s disease risk in a multi-site electronic health record analysis
Authors: Ramey Grace D. , Tang Alice , Phongpreecha Thanaphong , Yang Monica M. , Woldemariam Sarah R. , Oskotsky Tomiko T. , Montine Thomas J. , Allen Isabel , Miller Zachary A. , Aghaeepour Nima , Capra John A. , Sirota Marina 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMolecular studies of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) implicate potential links between autoimmunity and AD, but the underlying clinical relationships between these conditions remain poorly understood. Electronic health records (EHRs) provide an opportunity to determine the clinical risk relationship between autoimmune disorders and AD and understand whether specific disorders and disorder subtypes affect AD risk at the phenotypic level in human populations. We evaluated relationships between 26 autoimmune disorders and AD across retrospective observational case-control and cohort study designs in the EHR systems at UCSF and Stanford. We quantified overall and sex-specific AD risk effects that these autoimmune disorders confer. We identified significantly increased AD risk in autoimmune disorder patients in both study designs at UCSF and at Stanford. This pattern was driven by specific autoimmunity subtypes including endocrine, gastrointestinal, dermatologic, and musculoskeletal disorders. We also observed increased AD risk from autoimmunity in both women and men, but women with autoimmune disorders continued to have a higher AD prevalence than men, indicating persistent sex-specificity. This study identifies autoimmune disorders as strong risk factors for AD that validate across several study designs and EHR databases. It sets the foundation for exploring how underlying autoimmune mechanisms increase AD risk and contribute to AD pathogenesis.
Colorectal ALOX15 as a host factor determinant of EPA and DHA effects on colorectal carcinogenesis
Authors: Zuo Xiangsheng , Kiyasu Yoshiyuki , Liu Yi , Deguchi Yasunori , Liu Fuyao , Moussalli Micheline , Tan Lin , Wei Bo , Wei Daoyan , Yang Peiying , Shureiqi Imad 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTEicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) derived from fish oil, are widely used as dietary supplements and FDA-approved treatments for hypertriglyceridemia. However, studies investigating the effects of EPA and DHA on colorectal carcinogenesis (CRC) have yielded conflicting results. The factors that determine these discrepant results remain unknown. Resolvins, oxidative metabolites of EPA and DHA, inhibit key pro-tumorigenic cytokine and chemokine signaling of colorectal cancer (e.g., IL-6, IL-1β, and CCL2). 15-lipoxygenase-1 (ALOX15), a critical enzyme for resolvin generation is commonly lost during human CRC. Whether ALOX15 expression, as a host factor, modulates the effects of EPA and DHA on CRC remains unknown. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of ALOX15 transgenic expression in colonic epithelial cells on resolvin generation by EPA and DHA and CRC in mouse models representative of human CRC. Our results revealed that 1) EPA and DHA effects on CRC were diverse, ranging from suppressive to promotive, and these effects were occasionally altered by the formulations of EPA and DHA (free fatty acid, ethyl ester, triglyceride); 2) EPA and DHA uniformly suppressed CRC in the presence of intestinal ALOX15 transgenic expression, which induced the production of resolvins, decreased colonic CCL3-5 and CXCL-5 expression and tumor associated macrophages while increasing CD8 T cell abundance in tumor microenvironment; and 3) RvD5, the predominant resolvin produced by ALOX15, inhibited macrophage generation of pro-tumorigenic cytokines. These findings demonstrate the significance of intestinal ALOX15 expression as a host factor in determining the effects of EPA and DHA on CRC.SignificanceEicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are widely used as dietary supplements and FDA-approved treatments for hypertriglyceridemia. Studies of EPA and DHA effects on colorectal carcinogenesis (CRC) have revealed inconsistencies; factors determining the direction of their impact on CRC have remained unidentified. Our data show that EPA and DHA effects on CRC were divergent and occasionally influenced by their formulations. More importantly, intestinal 15-lipoxgenase-1 (ALOX15) expression modulated EPA and DHA effects on CRC, leading to their consistent suppression of CRC. ALOX15 promoted EPA and DHA oxidative metabolism to generate resolvins, which inhibited key pro-tumorigenic inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including IL-6. IL-1β, and CCL2. ALOX15 is therefore an important host factor in determining EPA and DHA effects on CRC.
SCORE: Serologic Evidence of COVID-19, Social, and Occupational Contacts in Healthcare Workers in a Sample of Long-Term Care and Acute Care Facilities in Southeastern Ontario (SCORE)
Authors: Martinez-Cajas Jorge L , Alvarado Beatriz , Jolly Ann , Gong Yanping , Stoner Bradley , Guan T. Hugh 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTPurposeHealthcare workers (HCW) have been an essential societal resource to face the COVID-19 pandemic. Early in the pandemic, they were at increased risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2 infection. We established a longitudinal cohort of HCW in an acute care hospital and four long-term care facilities in Ontario, Canada to follow the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the immune response to infection and/or vaccination, and the occupational, household and community factors related to their risk of infection.ParticipantsTwo hundred participants were recruited between November 2020 and July 2021. They completed a baseline survey, monthly surveillance data for 9-12 months, a post-Omicron-wave survey, and provided blood samples for anti-SARS-CoV2 antibody measurements. We collected data on host-related factors (humoral response to vaccines and SARS-CoV-2 infection) and environmental factors (social contact history, occupational, household and community conditions) to establish the main determinants of risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection.FindingsHere, we describe the cohort demographics, occupational characteristics, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status and COVID-19 infection risk during the cohort follow-up.AnalysesThe data from this cohort of HCW allows analyses on 1) the risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection, 2) the impact of the Omicron variant on the risk of infection; 3) the relationship between humoral responses and SARS-CoV-2 infection/vaccination and, 4) their relationship of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the community, household and healthcare facility-related exposures.
Social inequalities in youth mental health in Canada, 2007-2022: a population-based repeated cross-sectional study
Authors: McKinnon Britt , Jahan Rabina , Mazza Julia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundRising concern surrounds youth mental health in Canada, with growing disparities between females and males. However, less is known about recent trends by other sociodemographic factors, including sexual orientation, ethnocultural background, and socioeconomic status.MethodsThis study analyzed data from 96 683 youths aged 15-24 who participated in the nationally representative Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) between 2007 and 2022. Trends in absolute and relative inequalities in poor/fair self-rated mental health (SRMH) by sex, sexual orientation, racialized and Indigenous identity, and socioeconomic conditions were assessed.ResultsThe percent of youths reporting poor/fair SRMH quadrupled from 4.3% in 2007-08 to 20.1% in 2021-22. During the same period, absolute inequalities in SRMH increased by 9.9 percentage points (95% CI: 6.6, 12.9) for females compared to males, 11.4 percentage points (95% CI: 4.6, 18.2) for Indigenous versus non-racialized youth, and 15.4 percentage points (95% CI: 5.7, 25.1) for youth (aged 18-24) identifying as lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB) compared to heterosexual.ConclusionThe sustained deterioration in youth SRMH over the past decade and a half has been accompanied by widening inequalities across several dimensions important for health equity in Canada. Action is needed to identify and implement effective programs and policies to support youth mental health and address disparities.What is already known on this topic-Youth mental health has been declining in many countries, including Canada, especially among females-Trends by other sociodemographic factors, including sexual orientation, ethnocultural background, and socioeconomic status, are less clearWhat this study adds-To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine long-term trends in youth mental health inequalities in Canada over a period marked by significant global events including the 2008 financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic.-Findings show disproportionate declines in mental health among certain youth populations, including those from structurally marginalized backgrounds such as those identifying as lesbian, gay or bisexual (LGB) and Indigenous.How this study might affect research, practice or policy-These findings should encourage further research and action to identify and implement evidence-based programs and policies to support youth mental health and reduce disparities.
Radicle growth regulation of root parasitic plants by auxin-related compounds
Authors: Tsuzuki Kei , Suzuki Taiki , Kuruma Michio , Nishiyama Kotaro , Hayashi Ken-ichiro , Hagihara Shinya , Seto Yoshiya 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRoot parasitic plants in the Orobancheceae, such asStrigaandOrobanche, cause significant damage to crop production. The germination step of these root parasitic plants is induced by host-root-derived strigolactones (SLs). After germination, the radicles elongate toward the host and invade the host root. We have previously discovered that a simple amino acid, tryptophan (Trp), as well as its metabolite, the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), can inhibit radicle elongation ofOrobanche minor. These results suggest that auxin plays a crucial role in the radicle elongation step in root parasitic plants. In this report, we used various auxin chemical probes to dissect the auxin function in the radicle growth ofO. minorandStriga hermonthica. We found that synthetic auxins inhibited radicle elongation. In addition, auxin receptor antagonist, auxinole, rescued the inhibition of radicle growth by exogenous IAA. Moreover, a polar transport inhibitor of auxin,N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA), affected radicle tropism. We also proved that exogenously applied Trp is converted into IAA inO. minorseeds, and auxinole partly rescued this radicle elongation. Our data demonstrate a pivotal role of auxin in radicle growth. Thus, manipulation of auxin function in root parasitic plants should offer a useful approach to combat these parasites.