bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fine Motor Activities in Head Start and Kindergarten Classrooms
Authors: Marr Deborah , Cermak Sharon , Cohn Ellen S. , Henderson Anne 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to describe and compare the fine motor activities in Head Start and kindergarten classrooms in order to open a dialogue between the two contexts about the fine motor activities children in preschool will face in kindergarten.
METHODS. Children in 10 Head Start and 10 kindergarten classrooms were observed for 1 day each. Time spent in activities was categorized into four groups: fine motor activities with no academic purpose, fine motor activities with academic purpose, academic activities with no fine motor component, and nonacademic activities with no fine motor component. Percentages of time were calculated and t tests were used for comparison between contexts.
RESULTS. Children in Head Start spent 27%–46% (mean of 37%) of the in-class day in all fine motor activities whereas children in kindergarten spent 36%–66% (mean of 46%). For children in kindergarten, 42% of total fine motor activity time involved paper and pencil activities. In contrast, children in Head Start spent 10% of total fine motor activity time in paper and pencil activities.
CONCLUSION. The higher mean percent of time spent in fine motor activities in kindergarten classrooms suggests a developmentally appropriate increase in fine motor demands. The percent of paper and pencil activity time the children engaged in substantially increased from Head Start to kindergarten. The findings describe a difference between the two environments, informing Head Start of the fine motor demands their graduates face in kindergarten.
Daily Time Use as a Measure of Community Adjustment for Persons Served By Assertive Community Treatment Teams
Authors: Krupa Terry , McLean Heather , Eastabrook Shirley , Bonham Alison , Baksh LeeAnn 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
PURPOSE. The purpose of the study was to examine daily time use of clients of Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) as a measure of their community adjustment and well-being. The actual daily time use of ACT clients in the four categories of personal care, productivity, leisure, and sleep were compared to the data for Canadian population norms.
METHOD. Daily time use data were collected from 27 adult clients from two Assertive Community Treatment Teams in southeastern Ontario using recall time diaries of two weekdays. The data were coded using the Statistics Canada (1999) coding scheme. Descriptive statistics were used to determine time in the major categories of time use and z scores were used to compare the study sample to the adult Canadian population. The percentages of time spent in specific subcategories of activity were also compared.
RESULTS. The results indicated an imbalance in occupation with time use dominated by leisure and sleep activities. Study participants spent significantly more time in passive leisure compared to active leisure and socialization.
CONCLUSION. The activity patterns of ACT clients were not consistent with those associated with community adjustment, health, and well-being. Occupational therapists working in ACT are in a good position to contribute to the literature regarding occupational performance and mental illness and to lead ACT teams in discussions and practices that may promote health through activity.
A Comparison of Consultative Model and Direct–Indirect Intervention With Preschoolers
Authors: Dreiling Diann S. , Bundy Anita C. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a consultative model of intervention with that of direct–indirect intervention for meeting goals of preschool students with mild motor delays.
METHOD. Two occupational therapists provided consultation to teams working with 11 children 1 day a week for all 40 weeks of the school year. A different occupational therapist provided direct–indirect treatment to another 9 children for a full week every 3 weeks for the 40 weeks of the school year. Data for both groups used in this study were kept for the last 4 months at the end of the school year or as the children appeared to be nearing completion of their goals of the study. All therapists met with their teams twice a month to plan and review progress. All parents carried out activities with their children at home. Goal Attainment Scaling was used to examine progress.
RESULTS. No statistically significant differences were found between the two types of intervention (t = .359; df = 18; p = .724).
CONCLUSION. The study suggests that a consultative model and a direct–indirect model are equally effective in meeting objectives for preschoolers with relatively mild motor impairments.
Self-Image, Adolescence, and Disability
Authors: Adamson Lena 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to examine the self-image of a group of young persons with cerebral palsy. The respondents (3 girls and 4 boys, ages 12 to 17 years) were interviewed and asked to complete a personality inventory. The results from the personality inventory revealed that the respondents viewed themselves in a very positive manner and rated markedly higher than norm groups. This positive view corresponded well with the findings of the interview.
The following conclusions are made: Further studies on self-image and the psychosocial development of adolescents with disabilities should (a) focus on the social interaction outside their immediate families, and (b) continue to use and develop methods where these adolescents can give voice to their own experiences and opinions.
Convergent and Predictive Validity of Three Scales Related to Falls in the Elderly
Authors: Hotchkiss Anita , Fisher Andrea , Robertson Randi , Ruttencutter Amy , Schuffert Julie , Barker David Bruce 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine if the Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale, Falls Efficacy Scale (FES), and Survey of Activities and Fear of Falling in the Elderly (SAFE) assessments measured fear of falling in the same manner (convergent validity) and to determine if they predicted those individuals who, based upon a previous history of falls, limitation of activity, and not leaving home, had an increased potential for falling (predictive validity). One hundred and eighteen individuals, 60 years of age and older, completed each of the assessments. They self-reported activity restriction, fall history, and the number of times they left the home each week. The convergent validity of each assessment was established by correlating each assessment tool with each of the others. Findings indicated the ABC and FES were highly correlated with each other, indicating they measured similar constructs, and both were moderately correlated with the SAFE, suggesting these assessments measured different constructs. The predictive validity of each instrument in relation to the frequency of falls, limitation of activity, and frequency of leaving the home revealed no individual tool could accurately predict any of these characteristics of the sample. As a result, no one test by itself was able to identify individuals who may be at risk and a candidate for an intervention program.
Mothering a Child With Hidden Impairments
Authors: Cronin Anne Frances 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
When a mother has a child with a chronic impairment, the occupational demands of mothering extend to address the specialized needs of that child. This research explores how the type of hidden impairment in a child influences family routines and occupations. This qualitative study consisted of interviews with 22 mothers of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a behavioral disorder, and 22 mothers of children with cystic fibrosis, a physical disorder. Open-ended questions were used to explore family demands, resources, time use, routines, concerns, and support.
The transcripts of these interviews were analyzed in terms of consistency with existing literature on parenting the child with hidden disability, and for emergent themes. In this analysis the experiences of mothers of children with cystic fibrosis were consistent with research findings on other chronic conditions, with these mothers reporting that family provides them with extensive physical and emotional support. Although mothers of children with cystic fibrosis reported a persistent emotional sorrow, they felt they were able to “normalize” their daily routines. In contrast, mothers of children with ADHD reported little family support, high perception of child-related demands, and less confidence in their success in mothering these children. In describing their daily routines, these mothers often stated that there was no such thing as a “normal” day. They felt constantly “on alert” and did not feel that they had “normal” routines. Based on this study, mothers of children with ADHD felt distress because their child did not easily conform to social standards, and were likely to express exhaustion in their role as “mother.” The pattern of responses offered by these participants differs significantly from that of the participants whose children have cystic fibrosis, and from the usual pattern of coping with chronic childhood disability documented in the literature.
Adaptation to Hand Injury: An Evolving Experience
Authors: Chan Josephine , Spencer Jean 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
OBJECTIVES. Objectives of this study were to examine similarities and differences in physical recovery and psychosocial adaptation, engagement in occupations and relationships, perceived outcomes and expectations, and adaptive issues and strategies of 5 participants from an ongoing longitudinal study of adaptation to hand injury.
METHODS. Participants were tracked for 12 months using quantitative measures of physical recovery and psychosocial adaptation, and qualitative adaptation interviews focused on the impact of an injury experience in clients’ daily lives. A computerized graphic format documented changes over time in key quantitative and qualitative indicators in individual Adaptation Trajectories.
RESULTS. Findings included the importance of motivating occupations and relationships, changes over time in expectations for the future, and differences between independent and interdependent adaptive strategies following hand injury.
DISCUSSION. Connections between the International Classification of Functioning and Disability domains of body systems, activity capabilities, and social participation were examined. Findings support the value of individualized, occupation-based therapy that addresses the mind and spirit as well as physical recovery in occupational therapy practice with hand injury clients.
Teachers’ Survey on Problems With Handwriting: Referral, Evaluation, and Outcomes
Authors: Hammerschmidt Sandra L. , Sudsawad Pimjai 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to describe the factors that led elementary school teachers to refer students with handwriting difficulties to occupational therapy, the criteria they used to determine acceptable handwriting, and the handwriting outcomes they looked for after occupational therapy services.
METHOD. A paper questionnaire composed of 31 close-ended questions was mailed to 400 first- through fourth-grade regular education teachers from 32 states to collect data from the 2000–2001 school year. The data were analyzed descriptively using frequency counts and converted to percentages.
RESULTS. Information was obtained from 314 teachers. The main factor for handwriting referral to occupational therapy was that the student was not improving with classroom assistance alone. Teachers chose not being able to read student's writing as the main criterion they used to determine if the student's handwriting was acceptable, and increased legibility was the most important outcome they desired following occupational therapy services for handwriting remediation.
CONCLUSION. The perceptions of regular education teachers on problems with handwriting can provide valuable information to occupational therapy practitioners when providing consultation and direct services related to handwriting in schools.
Predicting Occupational Performance: Handwriting Versus Keyboarding
Authors: Preminger Fabia , (Tamar) Weiss Patrice L. , Weintraub Naomi 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
PURPOSE. To determine whether there is a correlation between handwriting and keyboarding speed and accuracy, and whether handwriting and keyboarding share common underlying components.
METHODS. Sixty-three typically developing 5th-grade students attended a series of 15 keyboarding lessons for a total of 5 hours. Prior to the lessons, cognitive, sensory, and motor skills related to handwriting were evaluated. Prior to and following the lessons keyboarding and handwriting accuracy and speed were also tested. Correlations were employed to examine relationships between handwriting and keyboarding skills and multiple regression analyses were used to examine the contribution of performance components to handwriting and keyboarding performance.
RESULTS. Following keyboarding instruction, a significant correlation was found between handwriting and keyboarding speed, but not in accuracy of these tasks. Similarly, some of the specific tests measuring tactile and oculo-motor functions were found to be related to both handwriting and keyboarding speed, yet accuracy of these tasks did not share common underlying components.
CONCLUSIONS. It appears that handwriting and keyboarding accuracy may entail different skills, suggesting that keyboarding may be a potential alternative writing tool for students with handwriting difficulties. It also appears that when students write slowly, handwriting speed should be considered prior to recommending keyboarding for these students. Additional research is required to further support these findings.
Client-Oriented Role Evaluation (CORE): The Development of a Clinical Rehabilitation Instrument to Assess Role Change Associated With Disability
Authors: Toal-Sullivan Darene , Henderson Peter R. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
This paper describes the development of an instrument, the Client-Oriented Role Evaluation (CORE), to help meet the needs of rehabilitation clients and clinicians in their joint efforts to define realistic and meaningful therapeutic goals. The CORE is based on a model that captures the relationship among identity, roles, constituent occupations, and personal and environmental determinants. The model encourages a comprehensive approach to examining role change and role loss that occurs with disability. The instrument consists of a series of steps in which role changes are identified, role values are assigned, and satisfaction with role performance is rated at different points in time across the rehabilitation process. A description of the CORE development is presented along with preliminary data from clients involved in a chronic pain rehabilitation program.
A Training Apartment With Electronic Aids To Daily Living: Lived Experiences of Persons With Brain Damage
Authors: Erikson Anette , Karlsson Gunnar , Söderström Marianne , Tham Kerstin 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The objective of this study was to investigate how persons with acquired brain damage experienced their 1-week stay in an apartment fitted with electronic aids to daily living (EADL). The study focused on how the individuals adapted to this artificial environment in their performance of daily activities and how their occupational experiences influenced their view of the future.
METHODS. The 11 participants were interviewed on the last day of their rehabilitation period in an EADL-equipped training apartment. The data were collected and analyzed using the Empirical Phenomenological Psychological (EPP) method.
FINDINGS. The findings revealed four main characteristics that described an adaptation process that occurred during the week in the EADL-equipped training apartment: plunging into an EADL-equipped environment, “landing” and feeling comfortable with the new environment, incorporating the “new” in daily activities, and “taking-off” for the future.
CONCLUSION. In a short time, the combination of the EADL and the aesthetically attractive environment gave the participants experiences that contributed to a “taking off” for their future life. Findings from this study suggest that, in clinical practice, clients may need initial guidance from the therapists to “land” and feel comfortable in a new environment, like a training apartment, before they can learn how to incorporate new electronic aids in their every day activities.
Responses of Preschool Children With and Without ADHD to Sensory Events in Daily Life
Authors: Yochman Aviva , Parush Shula , Ornoy Asher 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to compare parents’ perceptions of the responses of their preschool children, with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), to sensory events in daily life in Israel. In addition, the relationship between levels of hyperactivity and sensory deficits was examined.
METHOD. The Sensory Profile Questionnaire (SP) was completed by mothers of forty-eight 4- to 6-year-old children with ADHD, and mothers of 46 children without disabilities. A matched group comparison design was used to identify possible differences in sensory processing.
RESULTS. Based on the measure of mothers’ perceptions, children with ADHD demonstrated statistically significant differences from children without ADHD in their sensory responsiveness as reflected in 6 out of 9 factor scores (p &lt; .001–.05), and on their sensory processing, modulation, and behavioral and emotional responses, as reflected in 11 out of 14 section scores (p &lt; .001–.05). Scores on the SP yielded statistically significant low to moderate correlations with scores on the hyperactive scale of the Preschool Behavior Questionnaire (r = .28–.66).
CONCLUSION. The findings of the present study suggest that young children with ADHD may be at increased risk of deficits in various sensory processing abilities, over and above the core symptoms of ADHD. Early identification and treatment of sensory processing deficits from a young age may extend our ability to support the successful performance of children with ADHD in meaningful and productive occupations.
Maladaptive plasticity of serotonin axon terminals in levodopa‐induced dyskinesia
Authors: Rylander Daniella , Parent Martin , O'Sullivan Sean S. , Dovero Sandra , Lees Andrew J. , Bezard Erwan , Descarries Laurent , Cenci M. Angela 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjective:Striatal serotonin projections have been implicated in levodopa‐induced dyskinesia by providing an unregulated source of dopamine release. We set out to determine whether these projections are affected by levodopa treatment in a way that would favor the occurrence of dyskinesia.Methods:As an index of terminal serotonin innervation density, we measured radioligand binding to the plasma membrane serotonin transporter (SERT) in levodopa‐treated dyskinetic and nondyskinetic subjects, using brain tissue from both rat and monkey models of Parkinson disease as well as parkinsonian patients. In addition, striatal tissue from dyskinetic rats was used for morphological and ultrastructural analyses of serotonin axon terminals, and for studies of stimulated [3H]dopamine release.Results:Across all conditions examined, striatal levels of SERT radioligand binding were significantly elevated in dyskinetic subjects compared to nondyskinetic cases. In the rat striatum, dyskinesiogenic levodopa treatment had induced sprouting of serotonin axon varicosities having a relatively high synaptic incidence. This response was associated with increased depolarization‐induced [3H]dopamine release and with a stronger release potentiation by brain‐derived neurotrophic factor.Interpretation:This study provides the first evidence that L‐dopa treatment induces sprouting of serotonin axon terminals, with an increased incidence of synaptic contacts, and a larger activity‐dependent potentiation of dopamine release in the dopamine‐denervated striatum. Treatment‐induced plasticity of the serotonin innervation may therefore represent a previously unappreciated cause of altered dopamine dynamics. These results are important for understanding the mechanisms by which L‐dopa pharmacotherapy predisposes to dyskinesia, and for defining biomarkers of motor complications in Parkinsons disease. Ann Neurol 2010
An improved synthesis of quinolines from β‐bromovinyl aldehydes and primary arylamines in the presence of a palladium catalyst
Authors: Sik Cho Chan , Bo Kim Hyo , Ren Wen Xiu , Yoon Nam Sik 
Published: September 2010

Abstractβ‐Bromovinyl aldehydes are effectively cyclized with primary arylamines in DMF at 110 °C in the presence of a catalytic amount of a palladium catalyst to give the corresponding quinolines in high yields. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nickel N‐heterocyclic carbene complexes in the vinyl polymerization of norbornene
Authors: Berding Joris , Lutz Martin , Spek Anthony L. , Bouwman Elisabeth 
Published: September 2010

AbstractVinyl polymerized norbornene has some useful properties such as good mechanical strength, optical transparency and heat resistance. Several transition metal complexes have been described in the literature as active catalysts for the vinyl polymerization of norbornene. We now report the use of three types of nickel(II) complexes with N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands in the catalytic vinyl polymerization of norbornene under a range of conditions. Specifically, two nickel complexes bearing a chelating bis(NHC) ligand, two nickel complexes bearing two chelating anionic N‐donor functionalized NHC ligands as well as one diiodidonickel(II) complex with two monodentate NHC ligands were tested. The solid‐state structure of bis(1,3‐dimethylimidazol‐2‐ylidene)diiodidonickel(II), as determined by X‐ray crystallography, is presented. The highest polymerization activity of 2.6 × 107 g (mol cat)−1 h−1 was observed using the latter nickel complex as catalyst, activated by methylaluminoxane. The norbornene polymers thus obtained are of high molecular weight but with rather low polydispersity. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Endo and exo phenylene‐bridged hetero (O,S) silacrown ether rotors including an unexpected structural example of the chloromethyl exchange rule for 1,4‐bis(X2methylsilyl)‐ benzene, XCl, Me
Authors: Metta‐Magana Alejandro J. , Vargas‐Pineda Diana G. , Martinez‐Perez Carlos A. , Lopez‐Cardoso Marcela , Pannell Keith H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractArtificial molecular rotors are of current interest because of the various applications that they could have as materials. However, many of them have the common problem of interdigitation and solvent inclusion in the crystal structure. In this work, we prepare a potential rotor with a stator formed by a sila‐hetero(O, S) crown ether moiety and the phenylene bridge as rotator. The use of the sulfur atoms in the stator allows the formation of HB avoiding those common problems. The study of the potential activity as molecular rotors was done via structural analysis by single crystal X‐ray diffraction, comparing them with previously reported rotors for which the activation energies have been reported. A comparison between the exo and endo diastereoisomers was done, showing that the change in stereochemistry affects the conformation, making one of them a better rotor. In addition, we found that the crystal structure of the intermediate 1,4‐bis(dichloro‐methylsilyl)‐benzene represents an example of the non‐applicability of the so‐called chloro‐methyl exchange rule, with four groups substituted. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.