bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the photomechanical effect in organic photoactuators: a comprehensive review of mechanical models and numerical simulations
Authors: Cedeno Madera Rebeca , Arroyo Diaz Ismael , Nait-Abdelaziz Moussa , Aloise Stephane 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The photomechanical effect (PME), characterized by light-induced mechanical deformation in materials, has gained significant attention across various domains. Photomechanical modeling, integrating photochemistry and mechanical behavior in photoactive materials, is a crucial tool for understanding and optimizing functionality. In this review, we provide an overview of recent developments in mechanical modeling and numerical simulations, focusing on finite element simulations in organic photoactuators. We conducted a systematic literature search from the discovery of the PME, examining progress in modeling diverse organic photoactuators, including polymer-based and liquid crystal elastomer. Integrating light and mechanical constitutive models has enabled the accurate representation of the photomechanical responses of these materials. This review summarizes methods for simulating light-induced deformation, factors influencing photomechanical responses, and current field limitations. Additionally, this review introduces mechanical models as indispensable tools for describing the mechanical behavior of organic photoactuators. In conclusion, developing novel organic photoactuators requires establishing generalized photomechanical couplings to optimize design, enhance light-induced responses, and facilitate cost-effective commercialization. This review serves as a valuable resource for researchers interested in this field, stimulating further exploration of organic photoactuator applications.
Controlling three-dimensional magnetic island appearance with external current drive in the Chinese first quasi-axisymmetric stellarator
Authors: Su X. , Wang X.Q. , Xu Y. , Okamura S. , Shimizu A. , Isobe M. , Cheng J. , Liu H.F. , Huang J. , Zhang X. , Liu H. , Luo Y. , Shen J.F. , Hu J. , Tang C.J. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this study, the impact of a non-inductive current drive, such as electron cyclotron current drive, on three-dimensional (3D) magnetic islands in the high-β equilibrium of the Chinese First Quasi-axisymmetric Stellarator (CFQS) was investigated using the HINT code. In the case of a high-β equilibrium (volume-averaged plasma beta <β> ∼ 0.74% and bootstrap current I
bs∼ 24.5 kA), two m/n = 4/2 rational surfaces with large magnetic islands develop (Wang et al 2021 Nucl. Fusion
61 036021). The islands can be effectively controlled using a constant or a Gaussian current density profile, depending on the direction and amplitude of the current. With a constant current density amounting to a total current of −6 kA, the rotational transform profile can be modified such that the m/n = 4/2 rational surface is eliminated and the island is suppressed. For the Gaussian current density profile, the magnetic island can also be suppressed using a smaller total current of ∼−2 kA to adjust the iota profile. These results suggest that in the CFQS stellarator, the external current drive might be an efficient approach for controlling 3D magnetic islands and consequently improving plasma confinement.
New type of self-sustained divertor oscillation driven by magnetic island dynamics in Large Helical Device
Authors: Kobayashi T. , Kobayashi M. , Narushima Y. , Suzuki Y. , Tanaka K. , Motojima G. , Watanabe K.Y. , Mukai K. , Hayashi Y. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A new self-sustained divertor oscillation is discovered in magnetic island induced detached plasmas in the Large Helical Device. The divertor oscillation is found to be a self-regulation of the width of an edge magnetic island accompanied by detachment-attachment transitions. The modified Rutherford equation combined with an ad-hoc bootstrap current equation is introduced to describe the divertor oscillation as a predator–prey model between the magnetic island width and a remnant X-point bootstrap current. The model successfully reproduces the experimental observations in terms of the oscillation frequency, the phase relation between variables, and the oscillation amplitude.
Plasmon-enhanced chiral absorption through electric dipole–electric quadrupole interaction
Authors: Wang Hanwei , Zhao Yang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Enantioselective interactions of chiral molecules include distinct absorptions to opposite-handed circularly polarized light, known as chiral absorption. Traditionally, chiral absorption has been primarily attributed to electric dipole (ED) and magnetic dipole (MD) interaction with molecular chirality. However, this approach falls short for large molecules that support high-order multipolar components, such as electric quadrupole (EQ) moment. Here, we introduce a theoretical model to study the chiral absorption of large molecules in the presence of plasmonic nanostructures. This model considers both ED–MD interaction and ED–EQ interaction enhanced by a resonant structure. We numerically study such interactions of the chiral molecular solution in the vicinity of an achiral plasmonic nano-resonator. Our results show the distinct spectral information of the chiral medium on- and off-resonance of the resonator.
The impact of cross-Kerr nonlinearity on rotary photon drag and temporal cloaking in Sagnac interferometry
Authors: Ullah Sana , Ullah Arif , Ahmad Rashid , Javed Muhammad 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We theoretically explore the impact of cross-Kerr nonlinearity (CKN) on rotary photon drag (RPD) and temporal cloaking in a Sagnac interferometer. With the activation of CKN, significant improvements in RPD and temporal cloaking are observed. Drag angles of

±
1

×

10

−
3

and

±
5

×

10

−
3

radians are attained, similarly, temporal gaps of

10

μ

s,

12

μ

s and

13

μ

s are observed. In addition to the observed electromagnetically induced transparency window, the group refractive index is drastically enhanced, time delay/advance are tuned from pico-radians to micro-radians, and reduced relativistic group velocities are achieved by activating CKN within the system. Additionally, the transmission pulses intensities are observed to be reduced with the dragging phenomenon. The findings may have potential applications in controlled image coding, rotation sensing and secure communication technologies.
Advancements in transfer printing techniques for flexible electronics: adjusting interfaces and promoting versatility
Authors: Chen Zijian , Zhang Chi , Zheng Zijian 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The burgeoning interest in flexible electronics necessitates the creation of patterning technology specifically tailored for flexible substrates and complex surface morphologies. Among a variety of patterning techniques, transfer printing emerges as one of the most efficient, cost-effective, and scalable methods. It boasts the ability for high-throughput fabrication of 0–3D micro- and nano-structures on flexible substrates, working in tandem with traditional lithography methods. This review highlights the critical issue of transfer printing: the flawless transfer of devices during the pick-up and printing process. We encapsulate recent advancements in numerous transfer printing techniques, with a particular emphasis on strategies to control adhesion forces at the substrate/device/stamp interfaces. These strategies are employed to meet the requirements of competing fractures for successful pick-up and print processes. The mechanism, advantages, disadvantages, and typical applications of each transfer printing technique will be thoroughly discussed. The conclusion section provides design guidelines and probes potential directions for future advancements.
Enhancing defect detection in solid materials using low-duty cycle square wave lock-in thermography: a time-efficient and quantitative approach
Authors: Ma Botao , Ma Xiaolin , Wang Tengfei , Zhang Lin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Lock-in thermography has been used to detect material defects but has faced challenges in quantitatively identifying defects. Traditional methods with a sine wave or symmetrical square wave heat source require time-consuming frequency adjustments with multiple experiments. This study introduces a novel technique using a heat source of a low-duty cycle square wave in lock-in thermography. This harmonic-rich heat source provides information on the blind frequency and the depth of defects, significantly reducing testing time. This method was validated by finite element simulations, which generated phase maps and phase difference-frequency curves at multiple frequencies that located defects. The study explored the correlation between thermal diffusion length at the blind frequency and defect depth and the impact of transverse thermal diffusion on depth measurement. The findings indicate that phase maps at the optimal frequency are most suitable for measuring defect edges. This approach offers a promising, time-efficient, and quantitative solution for defect detection.
The Relevance of Belief Outsourcing to Whether Arguments Can Change Minds
Authors: Hill Scott 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
There is a wealth of evidence which indicates that arguments are not very efficient tools for changing minds. Against this scepticism, Dutilh Novaes (2023) presents evidence that, given the right social context, arguments sometimes play a significant role in belief revision. However, drawing on Levy (2021), I argue that the evidence Dutilh Novaes cites is compatible with the view that it is not arguments that change individual minds but instead belief outsourcing that occurs alongside the consideration of arguments.
The pronotum shape of scelimenine grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) likely represents an exaptation for heterogeneous niche colonization
Authors: Rebrina Fran , Brigić Andreja , Kasalo Niko , Skejo Josip 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Insects are suitable model organisms for functional morphology research, especially in the context of exaptation, when the same morphological trait represents an advantage in disparate niches. Phylogenetically distant groups of pygmy grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) have various pronotal projections defining their general appearance and body shape. However, body shape has never been related to niche occupation in these insects, thus the aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between pronotum shape and macrohabitat adaptation in Scelimeninae, a group of Asian and Papuan tetrigids encompassing amphibious and corticolous (bark-dwelling) representatives. With the use of geometric morphometrics and phylogenetic comparative methods, two morphological and functional groups were distinguished, with the body shape exhibiting a significant phylogenetic signal. The first group consists of elongated amphibious taxa (Scelimenini tribe) with highly uniform pronotum morphology, likely due to a strong selection for streamlined body shape. Stouter corticolous taxa (Discotettigini tribe) exhibit more conspicuous body shape variability, possibly increasing camouflage efficiency in tree bark habitats. Ecological divergence associated with macrohabitat adaptation may thus have been the primary driver of speciation in this insect group, but the evolutionary constraints leading to this divergence are still to be identified.
The Grip Strength Loss Rate and the Subsequent Cognitive Decline Rate in Older Adults: The Moderating Role of Social Isolation
Authors: Li Yanzhi , Zhu Liwan , Zhang Caiyun , Zhao Hao , Wang Wanxin , Guo Lan , Lu Ciyong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Accumulating evidence suggests that low grip strength (GS) is associated with a faster cognitive decline, but most previous studies have measured GS at a single time point, ignoring changes in GS. We aimed to explore the association of the GS loss rate with the sequent cognitive decline, as well as the moderating role of social isolation in older adults.

Research Design and Methods
Data were from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Absolute and relative GS loss rates were calculated as the annual losses from Wave 2 (2004–05) to Wave 4 (2008–09). Participants were divided into 3 groups according to the tertiles of GS loss rates. Linear mixed models were used to assess the association of the GS loss rate during Waves 2–4 with the cognitive decline rate during Waves 4–9 (Wave 9, 2018–19).

Results
Of the 4 356 participants included in analyses, 1 938 (44.5%) were men, with a mean age of 68.4 (SD: 8.4) years. Compared with Tertile 1 of the absolute GS loss rate, Tertile 2 (β = −0.009 [95% CI: −0.018 to −0.001] SD/year) and Tertile 3 (β = −0.018 [95% CI: −0.027 to −0.010] SD/year) were associated with a faster cognitive decline rate. The results of relative GS were similar to those of absolute GS. Social isolation was a significant modifier in the associations of the absolute GS loss rate with decline rates in global cognition and episodic memory, but not in temporal orientation. We did not observe that social isolation moderated the association of the relative GS loss rate with the cognitive decline rate.

Discussion and Implications
Both absolute and relative GS loss rates were positively associated with the cognitive decline rate in older adults. Low social isolation scores attenuated the association of the absolute GS loss rate with the cognitive decline rate.
Relationship between health system quality and racial and ethnic equity in diabetes care
Authors: Wong Michelle S , Tseng Chi-Hong , Moy Ernest , Jones Kenneth T , Kothari Amit J , Washington Donna L 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Failing to consider disparities in quality measures, such as by race and ethnicity, may obscure inequities in care, which could exist in facilities with overall high-quality ratings. We examined the relationship between overall quality and racial and ethnic disparities in diabetes care quality by health care facility–level performance on a diabetes-related quality measure within a national dataset of veterans using Veterans Health Administration (VA) ambulatory care between March 1, 2020 and Feburary 28, 2021, and were eligible for diabetes quality assessment. We found racial and ethnic disparities in diabetes care quality existed in top-performing VA medical centers (VAMCs) among American Indian or Alaska Native (AIAN) (predicted probability = 30%), Black (predicted probability = 29%), and Hispanic VA-users (predicted probability = 30%) vs White VA-users (predicted probability = 26%). While disparities among Black and Hispanic VA-users were similar relative to White VA-users across VAMCs at all performance levels, disparities were exacerbated for AIAN and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander VA-users in bottom-performing VAMCs. Equity remains an issue even in facilities providing overall high-quality care. Integrating equity as a component of quality measures can incentivize greater focus on equity in quality improvement.
Perceptions of stimulant and buprenorphine diversion and strategies to address it
Authors: Uscher-Pines Lori , Sousa Jessica , Raja Pushpa , Mehrotra Ateev , Busch Alisa B , Huskamp Haiden A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
There is ongoing policy debate on the prescribing of controlled substances such as buprenorphine and stimulants via telemedicine. The goal of federal and state policymakers is to ensure access to care while limiting diversion risk. However, there is little evidence on how clinicians view and address diversion and on telemedicine's role in diversion. From December 2023 to January 2024, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 21 psychiatrists and primary care physicians engaged in hybrid (telemedicine and in-person) care models in which we explored perceptions of diversion and strategies used to monitor for diversion. Most physicians reported monitoring for diversion, but there was little consistency on how monitoring was done and reported strategies did not differ between telemedicine vs in-person care. When physicians suspected diversion, there was also wide variation in responses: some clinicians did not immediately take any action while others imposed more requirements on patients (e.g., more frequent visits), no longer prescribed the controlled substance, or terminated the patient from their practice. Few physicians had ever reported a case of suspected diversion to law enforcement. Our findings suggest that the Drug Enforcement Administration could clarify reporting requirements and professional societies could provide additional guidance on how to respond to suspected diversion, given the current variation in practice across clinicians could be exploited by individuals who want to divert.
The Human Right to Land: A Peasant Struggle in the Human Rights System
Authors: Granet Valentine 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Control and access to land are major concerns for peasants of the global south who face the longstanding consequences of colonialism and recent ‘land-rush’. What is the role of human rights in this peasant struggle? The UNDROP marks the international recognition of the right to land. However, as the very project of human rights is facing criticism and the effectiveness of this recognition remains uncertain, the question of whether using the human rights framework is even desirable arises. Arguing for a broader understanding of the actors and processes involved in the application and evolution of human rights, I explain that the process of obtaining the recognition of the right to land involved the mobilisation and re-modelling of human rights by grassroots organisations. I explore the potential of this mobilisation to transform common understandings of human rights, and its distinctive ability to support the necessary paradigm shift to transform peasants’ lives.
Three-dimensional modelling of aortic leaflet coaptation and load-bearing surfaces: in silico design of aortic valve neocuspidizations
Authors: Macé Loïc Georges , Fringand Tom , Cheylan Isabelle , Sabatier Laurent , Meille Laurent , Lenoir Marien , Favier Julien 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Three-dimensional (3D) modelling of aortic leaflets remains difficult due to insufficient resolution of medical imaging. We aimed to model the coaptation and load-bearing surfaces of the aortic leaflets and adapt this workflow to aid in the design of aortic valve neocuspidizations.

METHODS
Geometric morphometrics, using landmarks and semilandmarks, was applied to the geometric determinants of the aortic leaflets from computed tomography, followed by an isogeometric analysis using Non-Uniform Rational Basis Splines (NURBS). Ten aortic valve models were generated, measuring determinants of leaflet geometry defined as 3D NURBS curves, and leaflet coaptation and load-bearing surfaces were defined as 3D NURBS surfaces. Neocuspidizations were obtained by either shifting the upper central coaptation landmark towards the sinotubular junction or using parametric neo-landmarks placed on a centreline drawn between the centroid of the aortic root base and centroid of a circle circumscribing the 3 upper commissural landmarks.

RESULTS
The ratio of the leaflet free margin length to the geometric height was 1.83, whereas the ratio of the commissural coaptation height to the central coaptation height was 1.93. The median coaptation surface was 137 mm2 (IQR 58) and the median load-bearing surface was 203 mm2 (60) per leaflet. Neocuspidization multiplied the central coaptation height by 3.7 and the coaptation surfaces by 1.97 and 1.92 using the native coaptation axis and centroid coaptation axis, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
Geometric morphometrics reliably defined the coaptation and load-bearing surfaces of aortic leaflets, enabling an experimental 3D design for the in silico neocuspidization of aortic valves.
Synovial chondromatosis of the distal radioulnar joint—a rare case
Authors: Mert Sinan , Nuernberger Tim , Hesse Nina , Haas-Lützenberger Elisabeth M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Unclear wrist tumors are a common clinical presentation in patients with pain and movement restrictions of the wrist. We report a rare case of a benign tumor of the wrist in a 63-year-old female patient who presented with a ganglion-like swelling of the right hand. After examination and preoperative radiological diagnostics, the indication for an open surgery was indicated for resection of either a typical ganglion cyst or a peripheral nerve sheath tumor was made. Interestingly, the suspected diagnosis was not correct. The intraoperative finding and histological analysis revealed typical findings of synovial chondromatosis of the distal radioulnar joint. Although synovial chondromatosis is a relatively rare, and even rarer in the wrist, it is important to consider it as a differential diagnosis when a patient presents with a ‘simple’ wrist ganglion.
Principles of amyloplast replication in the ovule integuments of Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Fujiwara Makoto T , Yoshioka Yasushi , Kazama Yusuke , Hirano Tomonari , Niwa Yasuo , Moriyama Takashi , Sato Naoki , Abe Tomoko , Yoshida Shigeo , Itoh Ryuuichi D 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Plastids in vascular plants have various differentiated forms, among which amyloplasts are crucial for starch storage and plant productivity. Despite the vast knowledge of the binary-fission mode of chloroplast division, our understanding of the replication of non-photosynthetic plastids, including amyloplasts, remains limited. Recent studies have suggested the involvement of stromules (stroma-filled tubules) in plastid replication when the division apparatus is faulty. However, details of the underlying mechanism(s) and their relevance to normal processes have yet to be elucidated. Here, we developed a live analysis system for studying amyloplast replication using Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ovule integuments. We showed the full sequence of amyloplast development and demonstrated that wild-type amyloplasts adopt three modes of replication, binary fission, multiple fission, and stromule-mediated fission, via multi-way placement of the FtsZ ring. The minE mutant, with severely inhibited chloroplast division, showed marked heterogeneity in amyloplast size, caused by size-dependent but wild-type modes of plastid fission. The dynamic properties of stromules distinguish the wild-type and minE phenotypes. In minE cells, extended stromules from giant amyloplasts acquired stability, allowing FtsZ ring assembly and constriction, as well as the growth of starch grains therein. Despite hyper-stromule formation, amyloplasts did not proliferate in the ftsZ null mutant. These data clarify the differences between amyloplast and chloroplast replication and demonstrate that the structural plasticity of amyloplasts underlies the multiplicity of their replication processes. Furthermore, this study shows that stromules can generate daughter plastids via the assembly of the FtsZ ring.