bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Doodles and Blobs on a Ruled Page: Convex Quasi-envelops of Traversing Flows on Surfaces
Authors: Katz Gabriel 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLet A denote the cylinder $${\mathbb {R}} \times S^1$$

R
×

S
1

or the band $${\mathbb {R}} \times I$$

R
×
I

, where I stands for the closed interval. We consider 2- of closed curves (“”) and compact surfaces (“”) in A, up to cobordisms that also are 2-moderate immersions in $$A \times [0, 1]$$

A
×
[
0
,
1
]

of surfaces and solids. By definition, the 2-moderate immersions of curves and surfaces do not have tangencies of order $$\ge 3$$

≥
3

to the fibers of the obvious projections $$A \rightarrow S^1$$

A
→

S
1

, $$A \times [0, 1] \rightarrow S^1 \times [0, 1]$$

A
×

[
0
,
1
]

→

S
1

×

[
0
,
1
]

or $$A \rightarrow I$$

A
→
I

, $$A \times [0, 1] \rightarrow I \times [0, 1]$$

A
×
[
0
,
1
]
→
I
×
[
0
,
1
]

. These bordisms come in different flavors: in particular, we consider one flavor based on of doodles and blobs in A. We compute the bordisms of regular embeddings and construct many invariants that distinguish between the bordisms of immersions and embeddings. In the case of oriented doodles on $$A= {\mathbb {R}} \times I$$

A
=
R
×
I

, our computations of 2-moderate immersion bordisms $$\textbf{OC}^{\textsf{imm}}_{\mathsf {moderate \le 2}}(A)$$

OC

moderate
≤
2

imm

(
A
)

are near complete: we show that they can be described by an exact sequence of abelian groups $$\begin{aligned} 0 \rightarrow {\textbf{K}} \rightarrow \textbf{OC}^{\textsf{imm}}_{\mathsf {moderate \le 2}}(A)\big /\textbf{OC}^{\textsf{emb}}_{\mathsf {moderate \le 2}}(A) {\mathop {\longrightarrow }\limits ^{{\mathcal {I}} \rho }} {\mathbb {Z}} \times {\mathbb {Z}} \rightarrow 0, \end{aligned}$$

0
→
K
→

OC

moderate
≤
2

imm

(
A
)

/

OC

moderate
≤
2

emb

(
A
)

⟶

I
ρ

Z
×
Z
→
0
,

where $$\textbf{OC}^{\textsf{emb}}_{\mathsf {moderate \le 2}}(A) \approx {\mathbb {Z}} \times {\mathbb {Z}}$$

OC

moderate
≤
2

emb

(
A
)

≈
Z
×
Z

, the epimorphism $${\mathcal {I}} \rho $$

I
ρ

counts different types of crossings of immersed doodles, and the kernel $${\textbf{K}}$$
K
contains the group $$({\mathbb {Z}})^\infty $$

(
Z
)

∞

whose generators are described explicitly.
The optimum quantity of debt for an aging Japan: welfare and demographic dynamics
Authors: Okamoto Akira 
Published: May 2024

AbstractJapan’s government is heavily indebted, and the current net debt tends to increase. This paper uses an extended life-cycle general equilibrium model with endogenous fertility to investigate an optimal size of government debt from two viewpoints: individual welfare and future demographic dynamics. A simulation analysis finds that the level of net government debt, which maximizes per-capita utility, is negative at − 220% of Japan’s gross domestic product (GDP). The results also indicate that the net debt-to-GDP ratio of − 220% produces a considerable per-capita welfare gain; however, compared to the baseline simulation with a debt-to-GDP ratio of 150%, it substantially decreases the total population in the long run.
Methylene blue (MB) removal from aqueous solution by alum; catalytic ozonation process
Authors: Ikhlaq Amir , Parveen Sehrish , Raashid Muhammad , Masood Zafar , Rizvi Osama Shaheen , Al Johani Thamer Abdulhameed , Ahsan Muffakir , Amjad Hadeeqa , Qi Fei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTextile wastewater is among the most polluted types of industrial waste. Wastewater treatment in the textile industry is notoriously difficult because of the use of complex chemicals and dyes in the textile production steps, and conventional methods are not enough to treat these. Textile wastewater, known for its high pollution levels, poses challenges for treatment due to complex chemicals and dyes. A comparative study was conducted on simple ozonation and catalytic ozonation (CO) using alum to degrade methylene blue (MB). The authors analyzed various factors like time, pH, catalyst loading and ozone dosages during the study. Results showed that catalytic activity in ozonation depends on pH and ozone flow. The maximum MB elimination was achieved at pH 6.6 and 200 V ozone flow. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize the surface morphology of the catalyst, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to identify the important functional groups, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was used to characterize the catalyst's elemental composition. Compared to simple ozonation, CO showed higher removal in the initial phase. Real textile wastewater analysis confirmed the effectiveness of alum catalysts in achieving significant removal of MB (87%) through this novel cost-efficient process.
Graphical Abstract
Logical and technical problems connected to the use of the “multiplicative method” to personalize the rates in automobile liability insurance
Authors: Cacciafesta Fabrizio 
Published: May 2024

AbstractI argue that the idea of pursuing a strong personalization of the motor liability insurance conflicts hopelessly with the need to refer to homogeneous groups of policyholders large enough to be correctly priced. I furthermore discuss the fact that, due to purely algebraic reasons, it is a priori impossible to obtain the right individual premium by the usual method of multiplying a common base one by a series of factors (as many, as the personalization variables one has chosen to consider). Finally, I point out that the choice of the said factors, not always made with sufficient respect for the statistical evidences, not only gives rise to serious problems concerning the system’s fairness and transparency, but puts theoretically at risk the Companies management balance.
A retrospective case study of successful translational research: Cardiovascular disease risk assessment, experiences in community engagement
Authors: Bales Michael E. , Zhu Jifeng , Ganzer Christine A. , Aboharb Farid , Keeler Allegra , Ryon Krista A. , Ehrmann Brett J. , Imperato-McGinley Julianne ,   for the H2H Consortium
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In underserved communities across New York City, uninsured adults encounter a greater risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes. The Heart-to-Heart Community Outreach Program (H2H) addresses these disparities by screening for CVD risk factors, identifying healthcare access barriers, and fostering community engagement in translational research at the Weill Cornell Medicine Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) hub. Screening events are hosted in partnership with faith-based institutions. Participants provide a medical history, complete a survey, and receive counseling by clinicians with referrals for follow-up care. This study aims to quantify H2H screening participant health status; identify socioeconomic, health access, and health-related barriers disproportionately promoting the onset of CVD and diabetes; and develop long-term community partnerships to enable underserved communities to influence activities across the translational research spectrum at our CTSA hub. The population served is disproportionately non-white, and uninsured, with many low-income and underserved individuals. The program was developed in partnership with our Community Advisory Board to empower this cohort to make beneficial lifestyle changes. Leveraging partnerships with faith-based institutions and community centers in at-risk New York City neighborhoods, H2H addresses the increasing burden of diabetes and CVD risk factors in vulnerable individuals while promoting community involvement in CTSA activities, serving as a model for similar initiatives.
Health reforms, facility-based delivery, and newborn's health: evidence from Rwanda
Authors: Park Jiwon 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Since 2006, Rwanda has experienced a substantial rise in the facility-based delivery (FBD) rate, attributed to various health initiatives. This paper investigates the impact of multiple health reforms on maternal service utilization and neonatal mortality rates. Employing a difference-in-differences framework utilizing geographical variation in the baseline FBD rate, our estimates indicate a 10–17 percentage point increase in FBD and a 0.15–0.18 times increase in the number of antenatal care visits. While our analysis indicates some evidence of a reduction in neonatal mortality rates, the findings are inconclusive. Nevertheless, our results suggest that the effect of the reforms on neonatal mortality rates was weakly intensified for those residing near district hospitals providing care for complicated pregnancies.
Prototyping industry 4.0: enhancing efficiency and productivity in small enterprises through iteration and low-cost solutions
Authors: Havsgård Håkon , Ege Daniel Nygård , Steinert Martin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper explores the implementation of Industry 4.0 technologies in Small Enterprises (SEs), focusing on the unique challenges they face. It presents four case studies demonstrating how low-cost, low-effort solutions can enhance efficiency and productivity in small companies. The solutions, developed in a local makerspace, address specific manufacturing challenges that lack affordable or existing off-the-shelf solutions. The paper highlights the value of iterative prototyping in implementing Industry 4.0 solutions and discusses how this approach can help SEs overcome adaptation challenges.
Early Pleistocene upper bathyal communities in fault-bounded paleovalleys of the island of Rhodes (Greece)
Authors: Moissette Pierre , Quillévéré Frédéric , Kontakiotis George , Thivaiou Danae , Koskeridou Efterpi , Antonarakou Assimina , Drinia Hara , Melinte-Dobrinescu Mihaela , Cornée Jean-Jacques 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTwo sediment sections are investigated at Cape Arkhangelos, island of Rhodes, where Pleistocene marine sediments crop out in horsts and grabens of a Mesozoic basement. There, hemipelagic sediments characterized by upper bathyal communities are atypically mixed with much shallower faunal components because they were deposited close to rugged coastal landforms. Biostratigraphic analyses show that the sections were deposited between 1.8 and 0.9 Ma, and between 1.8 and 1.6 Ma, respectively. By combining the planktonic/benthic foraminiferal ratio with 31 bathymetric indicators chosen among extant species of benthic foraminifera, mollusks, and bryozoans, we show that relative sea-level fluctuations can be reconstructed in these atypical settings despite the proximity of steep slopes that favored transportation of allochthonous fauna. The shallow-water components (including gravels and calcareous algae) were transported downslope by the combined action of gravity, currents, and tectonic disturbance that promoted drowning (with a maximum flooding recorded at ca. 1.7 Ma) and then uplift of fault-bounded paleovalleys that formed during the Early Pleistocene. Abrupt facies changes and age differences between sections have been triggered by the irregular paleotopography of the Mesozoic basement, which fostered differential depositional settings, with outer to middle neritic deposits above the horsts and upper bathyal deposits in paleovalleys.
Women and Men Politicians’ Response to War: Evidence from Ukraine
Authors: Damann Taylor J. , Kim Dahjin , Tavits Margit 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDoes war deepen gender inequalities in politicians’ behavior or help erase them? We draw from the terror management theory developed in psychology to argue that the onset of a violent conflict is likely to push politicians to conform more strongly with traditional gender stereotypes because it helps individuals cope with existential fears. To test our argument, we use data on Ukrainian politicians’ engagement on social media (136,455 Facebook posts by 469 politicians) in the three months before and after the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, and interrupted time series analysis, to assess the effect of conflict on politicians’ behavior. We find that conflict onset deepens gender-stereotypical behavior among politicians in their public engagement. We also show that, consistent with our argument, gender biases among the public are magnified during war.
Comparing social responses to Ebola and Covid-19 in Sierra Leone: an institutional analysis
Authors: Richards Paul , Kamara Foday , Mokuwa Esther , Nyakoi Marion 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This paper compares community responses to Ebola and Covid-19 in two regions of southern and eastern Sierra Leone with reference to the theory of institutional dynamics proposed by the anthropologist Mary Douglas. Institutions, Douglas argued, are conveyed by styles of thought, shaped by the ways human communities, through everyday practices, reinforce systems of classification and denotation. Pandemic advice to ‘follow the science’ proved problematic, since there is no single institution of science, and institutions never stand alone but are bundled with other institutions, reflecting the manifold and intertwined practices of human social life. The paper explores some of the ways a traumatic epidemic of Ebola Virus Disease in Sierra Leone shaped a distinctive local response to this deadly infectious disease in the absence of an effective vaccine. This local approach emphasised social rules based on ideas about sequestration and testing. Communities then proposed to continue this rules-based approach to the pandemic of Covid-19 and showed little initial enthusiasm for vaccination. With Ebola, the adoption of rules resulted in dramatic drops in infection rates. But Covid-19 spreads in different ways, and good results from the application of social rules were much less apparent. The paper shows how communities began to grapple with this new situation. In some cases, vaccine hesitation was overcome by treating the requirement for vaccination as a new form of social discipline. More generally, it is concluded that epidemiologists need to pay specific attention to institutions and institutional dynamics in order to better understand and anticipate public reactions to new disease threats.
Processing and production of affixes in Georgian and English: Testing a processing account of the suffixing preference
Authors: Harris Alice C. , Samuel Arthur G. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe hypothesis that affixes following a stem are easier to process than ones preceding has not been tested in a straightforward manner in any language, as far as we know. Cutler, Hawkins & Gilligan (1985) and Hawkins & Cutler (1988) adduce some evidence that supports this hypothesis indirectly, but they do not conduct experiments to test it directly. They use this hypothesis to explain in part the suffixing preference. Some others, such as Asao (2015), continue to assume the correctness of the hypothesis. We do not aim to explain the suffixing preference at all but to test the hypothesis that affixes preceding the stem (informally, prefixes) disrupt the comprehension of a word more than affixes that follow (informally, suffixes) do. In this paper we test this hypothesis (henceforth the ‘Cutler--Hawkins hypothesis’) on Georgian, because it has a wide variety of prefixes and suffixes, and in a single experiment on English. In Georgian we test a prefix and a suffix that mark the person of the subject in a verb, a circumfix and a suffix that mark derivation in nouns, and a prefix and a suffix that form intransitive verbs (usually called ‘passives’ in Georgian). Across the set of experiments, we find little support for the Cutler--Hawkins hypothesis.
Genomics and insurance in the United Kingdom: increasing complexity and emerging challenges
Authors: Dixon Padraig , Horton Rachel H. , Newman William G. , McDermott John H. , Lucassen Anneke 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article identifies issues relating to the use of genetics and genomics in risk-rated insurance that may challenge existing regulatory models in the UK and elsewhere. We discuss three core issues: (1) As genomic testing advances, and results are increasingly relevant to guide healthcare across an individual's lifetime, the distinction between diagnostic and predictive testing that the current UK insurance code relies on becomes increasingly blurred. (2) The emerging category of pharmacogenetic tests that are predictive only in the context of a specific prescribing moment. (3) The increasing availability and affordability of polygenic scores that are neither clearly diagnostic nor highly predictive, but which nonetheless might have incremental value for risk-rated insurance underwriting beyond conventional factors. We suggest a deliberative approach is required to establish when and how genetic information can be used in risk-rated insurance.
Compound Inundation Modeling of a 1‐D Idealized Coastal Watershed Using a Reduced‐Physics Approach
Authors: Santiago‐Collazo Félix L. , Bilskie Matthew V. , Bacopoulos Peter , Hagen Scott C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLow‐gradient coastal watersheds are susceptible to flooding caused by various flows such as rainfall‐runoff, astronomical tides, storm surges, and riverine flows. Compound flooding occurs when at least one coastal flood driver occurs simultaneously or in close succession with a pluvial and/or fluvial flood driver, such as during a tropical cyclone event. This study presents a one‐dimensional (1‐D), reduced‐order physics compound inundation model tested over an idealized coastal watershed transect under various forcing conditions (e.g., coastal and pluvial) that varied in magnitude, time, and space. This study aims to evaluate each flooding mechanism and the associated hydrodynamic responses by performing a sensitivity analysis and developing a non‐linear equation that could correlate the flood drivers with the severity of its flood. Compound inundation levels are affected by the magnitude and timing of each flooding mechanism. Results highlight the need to consider momentum exchange during a compound event and the importance of reduced‐physics approaches that can improve the interaction between flood drivers when paired with a moving coupling node approach. The desire is a more holistic compound inundation model that can be a critical tool for decision‐makers, stakeholders, and authorities who provide evacuation planning to save human lives and enhance resilience.
Sex differences in trajectories of cortical development in autistic children from 2–13 years of age
Authors: Andrews Derek S. , Diers Kersten , Lee Joshua K. , Harvey Danielle J. , Heath Brianna , Cordero Devani , Rogers Sally J. , Reuter Martin , Solomon Marjorie , Amaral David G. , Nordahl Christine Wu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPrevious studies have reported alterations in cortical thickness in autism. However, few have included enough autistic females to determine if there are sex specific differences in cortical structure in autism. This longitudinal study aimed to investigate autistic sex differences in cortical thickness and trajectory of cortical thinning across childhood. Participants included 290 autistic (88 females) and 139 nonautistic (60 females) individuals assessed at up to 4 timepoints spanning ~2–13 years of age (918 total MRI timepoints). Estimates of cortical thickness in early and late childhood as well as the trajectory of cortical thinning were modeled using spatiotemporal linear mixed effects models of age-by-sex-by-diagnosis. Additionally, the spatial correspondence between cortical maps of sex-by-diagnosis differences and neurotypical sex differences were evaluated. Relative to their nonautistic peers, autistic females had more extensive cortical differences than autistic males. These differences involved multiple functional networks, and were mainly characterized by thicker cortex at ~3 years of age and faster cortical thinning in autistic females. Cortical regions in which autistic alterations were different between the sexes significantly overlapped with regions that differed by sex in neurotypical development. Autistic females and males demonstrated some shared differences in cortical thickness and rate of cortical thinning across childhood relative to their nonautistic peers, however these areas were relatively small compared to the widespread differences observed across the sexes. These results support evidence of sex-specific neurobiology in autism and suggest that processes that regulate sex differentiation in the neurotypical brain contribute to sex differences in the etiology of autism.
Tobacco control policies and respiratory conditions among children presenting in primary care
Authors: Faber Timor , Coffeng Luc E. , Sheikh Aziz , Reiss Irwin K. , Mackenbach Johan P. , Been Jasper V. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTobacco control policies can protect child health. We hypothesised that the parallel introduction in 2008 of smoke-free restaurants and bars in the Netherlands, a tobacco tax increase and mass media campaign, would be associated with decreases in childhood wheezing/asthma, respiratory tract infections (RTIs), and otitis media with effusion (OME) presenting in primary care. We conducted an interrupted time series study using electronic medical records from the Dutch Integrated Primary Care Information database (2000–2016). We estimated step and slope changes in the incidence of each outcome with negative binomial regression analyses, adjusting for underlying time-trends, seasonality, age, sex, electronic medical record system, urbanisation, and social deprivation. Analysing 1,295,124 person-years among children aged 0–12 years, we found positive step changes immediately after the policies (incidence rate ratio (IRR): 1.07, 95% CI: 1.01–1.14 for wheezing/asthma; IRR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.13–1.19 for RTIs; and IRR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.14–1.36 for OME). These were followed by slope decreases for wheezing/asthma (IRR: 0.95/year, 95% CI: 0.93–0.97) and RTIs (IRR: 0.97/year, 95% CI: 0.96–0.98), but a slope increase in OME (IRR: 1.05/year, 95% CI: 1.01–1.09). We found no clear evidence of benefit of changes in tobacco control policies in the Netherlands for the outcomes of interest. Our findings need to be interpreted with caution due to substantial uncertainty in the pre-legislation outcome trends.
A fully haplotype-resolved and nearly gap-free genome assembly of wheat stripe rust fungus
Authors: Wang Jierong , Xu Yiwen , Peng Yuxi , Wang Yiping , Kang Zhensheng , Zhao Jing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractStripe rust fungus Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) is a destructive pathogen of wheat worldwide. Pst has a macrocyclic-heteroecious lifecycle, in which one-celled urediniospores are dikaryotic, each nucleus containing one haploid genome. We successfully generated the first fully haplotype-resolved and nearly gap-free chromosome-scale genome assembly of Pst by combining PacBio HiFi sequencing and trio-binning strategy. The genome size of the two haploid assemblies was 75.59 Mb and 75.91 Mb with contig N50 of 4.17 Mb and 4.60 Mb, and both had 18 pseudochromosomes. The high consensus quality values of 55.57 and 59.02 for both haplotypes confirmed the correctness of the assembly. Of the total 18 chromosomes, 15 and 16 were gapless while there were only five and two gaps for the remaining chromosomes of the two haplotypes, respectively. In total, 15,046 and 15,050 protein-coding genes were predicted for the two haplotypes, and the complete BUSCO scores achieved 97.7% and 97.9%, respectively. The genome will lay the foundation for further research on genetic variations and the evolution of rust fungi.