bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of warfarin in long-term care: a systematic review
Authors: Neidecker Marjorie , Patel Aarti A , Nelson Winnie W , Reardon Gregory 
Published: April 2012

Abstract

Background
The use of warfarin in older patients requires special consideration because of concerns with comorbidities, interacting medications, and the risk of bleeding. Several studies have suggested that warfarin may be underused or inconsistently prescribed in long-term care (LTC); no published systematic review has evaluated warfarin use for stroke prevention in this setting. This review was conducted to summarize the body of published original research regarding the use of warfarin in the LTC population.

Methods
A systematic literature search of the PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Cochrane Library was conducted from January 1985 to August 2010 to identify studies that reported warfarin use in LTC. Studies were grouped by (1) rates of warfarin use and prescribing patterns, (2) association of resident and institutional characteristics with warfarin prescribing, (3) prescriber attitudes and concerns about warfarin use, (4) warfarin management and monitoring, and (5) warfarin-related adverse events. Summaries of study findings and quality assessments of each study were developed.

Results
Twenty-two studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. Atrial fibrillation (AF) was the most common indication for warfarin use in LTC and use of warfarin for stroke survivors was common. Rates of warfarin use in AF were low in 5 studies, ranging from 17% to 57%. These usage rates were low even among residents with high stroke risk and low bleeding risk. Scored bleeding risk had no apparent association with warfarin use in AF. In physician surveys, factors associated with not prescribing warfarin included risk of falls, dementia, short life expectancy, and history of bleeding. International normalized ratio was in the target range approximately half of the time. The combined overall rate of warfarin-related adverse events and potential events was 25.5 per 100 resident months on warfarin therapy.

Conclusions
Among residents with AF, use of warfarin and maintenance of INR levels to prevent stroke appear to be suboptimal. Among prescribers, perceived challenges associated with warfarin therapy often outweigh its benefits. Further research is needed to explicitly consider the appropriate balancing of risks and benefits in this frail patient population.
Resection of the primary tumour versus no resection prior to systemic therapy in patients with colon cancer and synchronous unresectable metastases (UICC stage IV): SYNCHRONOUS - a randomised controlled multicentre trial (ISRCTN30964555)
Authors: Rahbari Nuh N , Lordick Florian , Fink Christine , Bork Ulrich , Stange Annika , Jäger Dirk , Luntz Steffen P , Englert Stefan , Rossion Inga , Koch Moritz , Büchler Markus W , Kieser Meinhard , Weitz Jürgen 
Published: April 2012

Abstract

Background
Currently, it remains unclear, if patients with colon cancer and synchronous unresectable metastases who present without severe symptoms should undergo resection of the primary tumour prior to systemic chemotherapy. Resection of the primary tumour may be associated with significant morbidity and delays the beginning of chemotherapy. However, it may prevent local symptoms and may, moreover, prolong survival as has been demonstrated in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. It is the aim of the present randomised controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of primary tumour resection prior to systemic chemotherapy to prolong survival in patients with newly diagnosed colon cancer who are not amenable to curative therapy.

Methods/design
The SYNCHRONOUS trial is a multicentre, randomised, controlled, superiority trial with a two-group parallel design. Colon cancer patients with synchronous unresectable metastases are eligible for inclusion. Exclusion criteria are primary tumour-related symptoms, inability to tolerate surgery and/or systemic chemotherapy and history of another primary cancer. Resection of the primary tumour as well as systemic chemotherapy is provided according to the standards of the participating institution. The primary endpoint is overall survival that is assessed with a minimum follow-up of 36 months. Furthermore, it is the objective of the trial to assess the safety of both treatment strategies as well as quality of life.

Discussion
The SYNCHRONOUS trial is a multicentre, randomised, controlled trial to assess the efficacy and safety of primary tumour resection before beginning of systemic chemotherapy in patients with metastatic colon cancer not amenable to curative therapy.

Trial registration

ISRCTN30964555
Strong convergence theorems for nonlinear operator equations with total quasi-ϕ-asymptotically nonexpansive mappings and applications
Authors: Wang Xiong-rui , Chang Shih-sen , Wang Lin , Tang Yong-Kun , Xu Yu Guang 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The purpose of this article is first to introduce the concept of total quasi-ϕ-asymptotically nonexpansive mapping which contains many kinds of mappings as its special cases, and then by using the hybrid algorithm to introduce a new iterative scheme for finding a common element of set of solutions for a system of generalized mixed equilibrium problems, the set of common fixed points of a countable family of total quasi-ϕ-asymptotically nonexpansive mappings and null spaces of finite family of γ-inverse strongly monotone mappings in a 2-uniformly convex and uniformly smooth real Banach space. As an application, we shall utilize our results to study the iterative solutions of the nonlinear Hammerstian type equation. The results presented in the article improve and extend the corresponding results announced by some authors.

AMS (MOS) subject classification: 47H06; 47H09; 47J05; 47J25.
Inquiry diagnosis of coronary heart disease in Chinese medicine based on symptom-syndrome interactions
Authors: Li Guo-Zheng , Sun Sheng , You Mingyu , Wang Ya-Lei , Liu Guo-Ping 
Published: April 2012

Abstract

Background
There is a long history of coronary heart disease (CHD) diagnosis and treatment in Chinese medicine (CM), but a formalized description of CM knowledge is still unavailable. This study aims to analyze a set of CM clinical data, which is important and urgent.

Methods
Relative associated density (RAD) was used to analyze the one-way links between the symptoms or syndromes or both. RAD results were further used in symptom selection.

Results
Analysis of a dataset of clinical CHD diagnosis revealed some significant relationships, not only between syndromes but also between symptoms and syndromes. Using RAD to select symptoms based on different classifiers improved the accuracy of syndrome prediction. Compared with other traditional symptom selection methods, RAD provided a higher interpretability of the CM data.

Conclusion
The RAD method is effective for CM clinical data analysis, particular for analysis of relationships between symptoms in diagnosis and generation of compact and comprehensible symptom feature subsets.
Fabrication of Thin-Film Transistors Using PECVD-Grown Carbon Nanotubes and Their Application to Integrated Circuits
Authors: Mizutani Takashi , Kishimoto Shigeru 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTMedium scale integrated circuits with 108 CNT-TFTs have been fabricated using CNTs grown by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) which has the advantage of preferential growth of CNTs with semiconducting behavior in the FET current–voltage characteristics. High-speed operation with a switching time of 0.51 μs/gate, which is highest in the CNT-TFT integrated circuits to our knowledge, was demonstrated by a 53-stage ring oscillator. Characterization of CNT-TFTs using scanning probe microscopy has also been performed. The island-like structure in the electrical properties of the CNT network was observed even in a high-density CNT network in the subthreshold regime. This was explained by the decrease of the effective number of CNTs which contribute the electrical conduction.
Borehole Imaging The Future of Formation Evaluation
Authors: Sanders R.L. , Fuchs K.D. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The emerging technology of borehole imaging coupled with the advances ingraphics software will shape the future of formation evaluation becauseimaging reveals new opportunities for exploration in unconventional and previously neglected reservoirs,imaging exhibits the complex distribution of porosity and permeability throughout the reservoir, andimaging enhances the knowledge of the physical dynamics of the reservoir for improved stimulation techniques.

Introduction
Traditional methods of formation evaluation have relied upon the interpretation of data recorded from a wireline tool in the borehole. While no wireline tool directly measures the porosity or the resistivity of the formation, these properties have served as the basis for analysis of formations for some seventy years. The advantage of borehole imaging is the ability tovisualize the many variations of porosity types, permeability, and lithology changes within the rock. Borehole imaging utilizes either acoustic or resistivity recording devices to graphically display the surface features of the borehole wall in the open hole environment. This paper presents only theresistivity based tool, the electrical micro-imaging tool as the source for the following case studies.

Tool Descriptions and Image Display
The electrical micro-imaging tool is a six arm pad device with twenty-five button electrodes mounted on each pad (Fig. 1). Each button electrode emits an electrical current into the formation for a distance of fifteen inches. The changes in the permeability, porosity and lithology of the formations near the borehole wall are reflected as resistivity variations in the electrical current return to the individual electrodes. A system of magnetometers references the tool's orientation to magnetic north. Utilizing a computer workstation, these resistivity variations are processed into a two dimensional image that represents the surface of the borehole wall with respect to magnetic north(Fig. 2). The images are presented in either a gray-scale or color display with a standardized color code representing the• variation in formation features. Low porosity, low permeability, and high resistivity features represent the light end of the color spectrum. The high porosity, permeable, and low resistivity events are scaled as the darker colors.
Scalable Parallel Reservoir Simulation on a Windows NT™-Based Workstation Cluster
Authors: Killough John , Graphics Landmark , Commander Darrell 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACT
Parallel computing has taken many forms over the past two decades. Mainframe shared-memory devices have evolved to RISC-based systems with both distributed and shared memories. Early versions of massively-parallel systems attempted to use commodity chips such as the Intel 386 and 486 as processing elements. Although low in cost, these early Intel CPU's lacked the performance and support for large memory sizes required for effective use in parallel simulation. However, recent architectural advances have overcome these obstacles. With clock speeds exceeding 400 Megahertz and support for memory sizes up to several gigabytes, the new Intel-based platforms have exhibited the ability to handle substantial simulations in serial mode. Using these commodity CPU's in tandem to perform parallel simulation further exploits their low cost. The work described in this paper discusses the application of a parallel cluster of Windows NT-based workstations to reservoir simulation. Up to twenty-four processors with 512 megabytes of memory per processor were utilized to solve black-oil and compositional simulation problems with hundreds of thousands of cells each. Computational performance comparable to more sophisticated systems was obtained. The work focuses on reducing the overhead of message passing and interprocessor communication, increasing the inter-node bandwidth, and predicting the ultimate effect of these two factors on the scalability of the system. Several communication schemes are investigated, including an NT version of the Message Passing Interface (MPI) with off-the-shelf Ethernet hardware as well as a custom high-performance messaging layer constructed over the Virtual Interface Architecture (VIA) and a high-speed System Area Network (SAN).
Successful Application of Foam for Lifting Liquids from Low-Pressure Gas Wells
Authors: Siddiqui Shameem , Yang Jiansui 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Gas well loadup is a very serious problem for the petroleum industry. Gas well loadup is the result of the loss of available reservoir energy due to the accumulation of liquids in the wellbore over time. In order to deal with this problem several techniques have been developed. They include plunger lift, small-ID tubing, gas lift, flow controllers, submersible pumps, sucker rods, swabbing, jetting and foaming. Among these foam lifting has been used quite successfully in the field for removing liquids from the wellbore and the annulus. However, there is a strong need for using a systematic approach in order to find out under which conditions foam lift is successful and under which conditions it is not successful. Foam lifting experiments are conducted in a specially designed 40’-long flow loop, in which foam is injected from the bottom of the tubing, which is filled with liquids. The efficiency of liquid removal for a wide range of gas and liquid flow rates is measured by comparing the liquid holdups at the end of each period of foam injection. The liquid removal efficiencies are also compared against cases in which no foam is injected (base-cases). Foam injection shows superior liquid removal efficiency compared to the base-cases. Special considerations are also given to cases in which a 50-psi backpressure is applied. Comparisons are also made between 1" and 2" tubing sizes. Results show that the type and concentration of the surfactants used to generate the foam has a strong influence on the liquid removal efficiency.
Patients at the Centre: Methodological Considerations for Evaluating Evidence from Health Interventions Involving Patients Use of Web-Based Information Systems
Authors: Cummings Elizabeth , Turner Paul 
Published: April 2012

Building an evidence base for healthcare interventions has long been advocated as both professionally and ethically desirable. By supporting meaningful comparison amongst different approaches, a good evidence base has been viewed as an important element in optimising clinical decision-making and the safety and quality of care. Unsurprisingly, medical research has put considerable effort into supporting the development of this evidence base, and the randomised controlled trial has become the dominant methodology. Recently however, a body of research has begun to question, not just this methodology per se, but also the extent to which the evidence it produces may marginalise individual patient experiences, priorities and perceptions.Simultaneously, the widespread adoption and utilisation of information systems (IS) in health care has also prompted initiatives to develop a stronger base of evidence about their impacts. These calls have been stimulated both by numerous system failures and research expressing concerns about the limitations of information systems methodologies in health care environments. Alongside the potential of information systems to produce positive, negative and unintended consequences, many measures of success, impact or benefit appear to have little to do with improvements in care, health outcomes or individual patient experiences.Combined these methodological concerns suggest the need for more detailed examination. This is particularly the case, given the prevalence within contemporary clinical and IS discourses on health interventions advocating the need to put the ‘patient at the centre’ by engaging them in their own care and/or ‘empowering’ them through the use of information systems.This paper aims to contribute to these on-going debates by focusing on the socio-technical processes by which patients’ interests and outcomes are measured, defined and evaluated within health interventions that involve them using web-based information systems. The paper outlines an integrated approach that aims to generate evidence about the impact of these types of health interventions that are meaningful at both individual patient and patient cohort levels.
Two for the seesaw: requester and requested
Authors: Dolinski Dariusz 
Published: April 2012

Two for the seesaw: requester and requested
Research on emotion conducted so far has usually ignored situations where the person experiences a certain emotion, but where the external stimulus that evoked and upholds this emotion suddenly disappears. This kind of situation, however, is relatively common in everyday life. This article attempts to recognize certain consequences of those conditions under which the stimuli justifying our experience of such emotional states as fear or anxiety suddenly disappear. Research done to data by the author and his colleagues indicates increased compliance of the subject when addressed with various requests, commands or suggestion in the situation termed here "emotional see-saw" or "fear-then-relief".
Modelling Excessive Internet Use:s Revision of R. Davis's Cognitive-Behavioural Model of Pathological Internet Use
Authors: Kaliszewska-Czeremska Katarzyna 
Published: April 2012

Modelling Excessive Internet Use:s Revision of R. Davis's Cognitive-Behavioural Model of Pathological Internet Use
This article proposes a new model of excessive Internet use. The point of departure for the present study was the Cognitive-Behavioural Model of Pathological Internet Use developed by R. Davis (2001). The original model was modified so as to improve its explanatory power. Data were collected from 405 participants aged from 18 to 55 in various Polish towns and cities. The following instruments were administered to the participants: The Temperament and Character Inventory, J. Kuhl's Action Control Scale, The Berlin Social Support Scale, The Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations, The Excessive Internet Use Risk Scale, The Reasons for Internet Use and the Personal Data Questionnaire. The new model of excessive Internet use was empirically tested and proved to be satisfactory.
A sense of success, perception of economic crisis and the form of occupational activity
Authors: Paruzel-Czachura Mariola 
Published: April 2012

A sense of success, perception of economic crisis and the form of occupational activity
The studies presented attempt to outline a relationship between a feeling of success, the perception of economic crisis and the form of occupational activity. The article shows the results of empirical research conducted among 341 economically active people and concerns the psychological differences between them in Poland. The theoretical basis of the research is the new model of success by Dej, Stephan, Gorgievsky (2009). This research has proven the existence of significant statistical differences in a sense of success between entrepreneurs, employees in private companies, and employees in state-owned companies, but there are no differences in perception of economic crisis. People who scored a high general result in a feeling of success perceive economic crisis as harmless (r= .238). The results show that being an entrepreneur is the most beneficial activity from a mental health standpoint.
The Influence of Emotional and Non-emotional Concepts Activation on Information Processing and Unintentional Memorizing
Authors: Pawłowska Monika , Magier-Łakomy Ewa 
Published: April 2012

The Influence of Emotional and Non-emotional Concepts Activation on Information Processing and Unintentional Memorizing
The aim of the work is to compare mechanisms of semantic and emotional processing and memory. Targets (words and non-words) were primed (100 ms) by category name (semantic in Experiment 1 and emotional in Experiment 2). The congruency of prime and target was manipulated. The reaction time of lexical decisions and the effects of unintentional memorizing of word targets were measured. Activation of semantic (Experiment 1) and emotional (Experiment 2) nodes leads to faster processing of related concepts: congruent targets are processed faster than incongruent. Processing congruent primed emotional concepts depends on their modality: anger and joy words are processed faster than sadness. Thus, congruently primed activating emotional concepts are processed differently from congruently primed deactivating concepts. The effectiveness of unintentional memory of emotional and non-emotional concepts (words) is based on different mechanisms: congruently primed emotional words are better remembered than incongruently primed. The results are discussed in the framework of spreading activation theory and theory of emotional memory.
Personality Dimensions and Nicotine Dependence and Withdrawal Symptoms: the Mediating Role of Self-Directness
Authors: Schiep Sybilla , Cieślik Katarzyna 
Published: April 2012

Personality Dimensions and Nicotine Dependence and Withdrawal Symptoms: the Mediating Role of Self-Directness
We analyzed the relationship between personality traits and smoking status and nicotine withdrawal symptoms using two comprehensive models of personality: the Five-Factor Model and the Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory. In total 295 people were examined, 149 smokers and 146 who have never smoked. To measure the severity of the nicotine dependence we used the Fagerstroem Tolerance Questionnaire and the DSM-IV criteria of nicotine dependence and to measure the nicotine withdrawal symptoms the Nicotine Dependence History. The results showed significant differences between the groups in particular dimensions: Neuroticism, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness. The analyse of the TCI demonstrate, that smokers are higher in Novelty Seeking and lower in Reward Dependence than never smokers and show less Self-Directness and Cooperativeness. The mediation analyses showed that Self-Directness is the significant mediator between Extra-Introversion and nicotine withdrawal symptoms measured by NDHIS and between Neuroticism and DSM-IV criteria of nicotine dependence.
Diagnostics of DC Machine Based on Analysis of Acoustic Signals with Application of MFCC and Classifier Based on Words
Authors: Głowacz A. , Głowacz Z. 
Published: April 2012

Diagnostics of DC Machine Based on Analysis of Acoustic Signals with Application of MFCC and Classifier Based on Words
Technical diagnostics is concerned with the assessment of technical conditions of the machine through the study of properties of machine processes. Diagnostics is particularly important for factories and ironworks. In paper is presented method of diagnostics of imminent failure conditions of DC machine. This method is based on a study of acoustic signals generated by DC machine. System of sound recognition uses algorithms for data processing, such as Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient and classifier based on words. Software to recognize the sounds of DC machine was implemented on PC computer. Studies were carried out for sounds of faultless machine and machine with shorted coils. The results confirm that the system can be useful for diagnostics of dc and ac machines used in metallurgy.