bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteoclast polarization and orthodontic tooth movement
Authors: Holliday LS , Ostrov DA , Wronski TJ , Dolce C 
Published: April 2009

Structured AbstractAuthors –  Holliday LS, Ostrov DA, Wronski TJ, Dolce CIntroduction –  Osteoclasts polarize when they contact activation signals that are associated with bone. Polarization is required for bone resorption and involves highly specialized mechanisms that represent attractive targets for the development of osteoclast‐specific therapeutic agents. One potential use of such agents is to block tooth movement in spatially discrete locations to provide orthodontic anchorage.Materials and methods –  Our group’s research was directed toward the development of agents that inhibited the polarization of osteoclasts, and efforts were underway to develop means to experimentally modulate orthodontic tooth movement. We performed ‘proof‐in‐principle’ experiments demonstrating pharmacological blockades of orthodontic tooth movement using integrin and matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors in a rat model.Results –  We identified novel mechanisms underlying osteoclast bone resorption. Interactions between vacuolar H+‐ATPase and the microfilament cytoskeleton that were unique to osteoclasts were described and characterized. Our group is now seeking to make use of this new knowledge, coupled with an emerging technique, supercomputer‐based molecular modeling for the rational development of novel, osteoclast‐specific therapeutic agents.Conclusion –  Fresh insight into the molecular details of osteoclastic bone resorption provides new opportunities for identifying agents to selectively modulate osteoclast activity. Such agents may contribute to evolution of the practice of orthodontics.
Strains in periodontal ligament and alveolar bone associated with orthodontic tooth movement analyzed by finite element
Authors: Cattaneo PM , Dalstra M , Melsen B 
Published: April 2009

Structured AbstractAuthors –  Cattaneo PM, Dalstra M, Melsen BIntroduction –  Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is achieved by applying an orthodontic force system to the brackets. The (re)modeling processes of the alveolar support structures are triggered by alterations in the stress/strain distribution in the periodontium. According to the classical OTM theories, symmetric zones of compression and tension are present in the periodontium, but these do not consider the complex mechanical properties of the PDL, the alveolar structures’ morphology, and the magnitude of the force applied.Materials and Methods –  Human jaws segments obtained from autopsy were microCT‐scanned and sample‐specific finite element (FE) models were generated. The material behavior of the PDL was considered to be nonlinear and non‐symmetric and the alveolar bone was modeled according to its actual morphology. A series of FE‐analyzes investigated the influence of the moment‐to‐force ratio, force magnitude, and chewing forces on the stress/strain in the alveolar support structures and OTM.Results –  Stress/strain findings were dependent on alveolar bone’s morphology. Because of the nonlinear behavior of the PDL, distinct areas of tension, and compression could not be detected. Secondary load transfer mechanisms were activated and the stress/strain distribution in the periodontium was concealed by occlusal forces.Conclusions –  We could not confirm the classical ideas of distinct and symmetrical compressive and tensile areas in the periodontium in relation to different OTM scenarios. Light continuous orthodontics forces will be perceived as intermittent by the periodontium. Because roots and alveolar bone morphology are patient‐specific, FE‐analysis of orthodontic loading regime should not be based on general models.
IL‐1 gene polymorphisms, secretion in gingival crevicular fluid, and speed of human orthodontic tooth movement
Authors: Iwasaki LR , Chandler JR , Marx DB , Pandey JP , Nickel JC 
Published: April 2009

Structured AbstractAuthors –  Iwasaki LR, Chandler JR, Marx DB, Pandey JP, Nickel JCObjectives –  To investigate genetic, biologic, and mechanical factors that affect speed of human tooth movement.Setting and Sample Population –  Sixty‐six maxillary canines in 33 subjects were translated distally for 84 days.Material and Methods –  Distal compressive stresses of 4, 13, 26, 52, or 78 kPa were applied to maxillary canines via segmental mechanics. Dental casts and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were collected nine to 10 times/subject over 84 days at 1‐ to 14‐day intervals. Three‐dimensional tooth movements were measured using a microscope and each subject’s series of dental casts. GCF samples were analyzed for total protein, interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), and interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1RA). Cheek‐wipe samples from 18 subjects were typed for IL‐1 gene cluster polymorphisms.Results –  Average speeds of distal translation were 0.028 ± 0.012, 0.043 ± 0.019, 0.057 ± 0.024, 0.062 ± 0.015, and 0.067 ± 0.024 mm/day for 4, 13, 26, 52, and 78 kPa, respectively. Most teeth moved showed no lag phase (63/66). Three factors significantly affected speed (p = 0.0391) and provided the best predictive model (R2 = 0.691): Activity index [AI = experimental (IL‐1β/IL‐1RA)/control (IL‐1β/IL‐1RA)], IL‐1RA in GCF, and genotype at IL‐1B.Conclusions –  Increased AI and decreased IL‐1RA in GCF plus having ≥1 copy of allele 2 at IL‐1B(+3954) were associated with faster tooth movement in humans.
Case Study: Home Nursing Care for a 62‐Year‐Old Woman with Multiple Health Problems
Authors: Cirminiello Christine , Terjesen Margaret , Lunney Margaret 
Published: April 2009

PURPOSE.  This case study illustrates the characteristics of, and challenges for, a woman in the United States with multiple health problems.DATA SOURCES.  Data were obtained through the authors' experience and knowledge of community health nursing and from published literature.DATA SYNTHESIS.  NANDA International, Nursing Interventions Classification, and Nursing Outcomes Classification were utilized to identify appropriate nursing diagnoses, interventions, and outcomes for the client.CONCLUSION.  This case study illustrates and provides appropriate nursing diagnoses, interventions, and outcomes relevant to a woman with many health concerns. It provides guidance for nurses in community health settings when caring for patients with multiple health problems.IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE.  Utilizing the standardized nursing languages of NANDA International, Nursing Interventions Classification, and Nursing Outcomes Classification can provide the necessary framework for enhancing and improving the management of care for patients with many health concerns in the community setting.
Optimal Left Ventricular Lead Position Predicts Reverse Remodeling and Survival After Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Authors: Tepper David , Harris Scott , Ip Randy 
Published: April 2009

Abstract.  Objectives.  The aim of the current study was to evaluate echocardiographic parameters after 6 months of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) as well as long‐term outcome in patients with the left ventricular (LV) lead positioned at the site of latest activation (concordant LV lead position) as compared with that seen in patients with a discordant LV lead position.Background.  A nonoptimal LV pacing lead position may be a potential cause for nonresponse to CRT.Methods.  The site of latest mechanical activation was determined by speckle tracking radial strain analysis and related to the LV lead position on chest x‐ray in 244 CRT candidates. Echocardiographic evaluation was performed after 6 months. Long‐term follow‐up included all‐cause mortality and hospitalizations for heart failure.Results.  Significant LV reverse remodeling (reduction in LV end‐systolic volume from 189±83 mL to 134±71 mL, P<.001) was noted in the group of patients with a concordant LV lead position (n=153, 63%), whereas patients with a discordant lead position showed no significant improvements. In addition, during long‐term follow‐up (32±16 months), less events (combined for heart failure hospitalizations and death) were reported in patients with a concordant LV lead position. Moreover, a concordant LV lead position appeared to be an independent predictor of hospitalization‐free survival after long‐term CRT (hazard ratio: 0.22, P=.004).Conclusions.  Pacing at the site of latest mechanical activation, as determined by speckle tracking radial strain analysis, resulted in superior echocardiographic response after 6 months of CRT and better prognosis during long‐term follow‐up.
Avian influenza at both ends of a migratory flyway: characterizing viral genomic diversity to optimize surveillance plans for North America
Authors: Pearce John M. , Ramey Andrew M. , Flint Paul L. , Koehler Anson V. , Fleskes Joseph P. , Franson J. Christian , Hall Jeffrey S. , Derksen Dirk V. , Ip Hon S. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAlthough continental populations of avian influenza viruses are genetically distinct, transcontinental reassortment in low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses has been detected in migratory birds. Thus, genomic analyses of LPAI viruses could serve as an approach to prioritize species and regions targeted by North American surveillance activities for foreign origin highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). To assess the applicability of this approach, we conducted a phylogenetic and population genetic analysis of 68 viral genomes isolated from the northern pintail (Anas acuta) at opposite ends of the Pacific migratory flyway in North America. We found limited evidence for Asian LPAI lineages on wintering areas used by northern pintails in California in contrast to a higher frequency on breeding locales of Alaska. Our results indicate that the number of Asian LPAI lineages observed in Alaskan northern pintails, and the nucleotide composition of LPAI lineages, is not maintained through fall migration. Accordingly, our data indicate that surveillance of Pacific Flyway northern pintails to detect foreign avian influenza viruses would be most effective in Alaska. North American surveillance plans could be optimized through an analysis of LPAI genomics from species that demonstrate evolutionary linkages with European or Asian lineages and in regions that have overlapping migratory flyways with areas of HPAI outbreaks.
Neurotrophins in chronic cough: association with asthma but not with cough severity
Authors: Koskela Heikki Olavi , Purokivi Minna Katariina , Romppanen Jarkko 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackground and Aims:  Chronic cough is associated with an enhanced excitability of airway cough receptors, possibly due to action of neurotrophins. The present study aimed to compare the neurotrophin levels between healthy subjects and patients with chronic cough and to analyze the factors associated with these levels.Methods:  Serum and sputum levels of nerve growth factor (NGF), serum levels of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and neurotrophin‐3 (NT‐3) were analyzed by enzyme immunoassay in 19 healthy subjects and 47 patients with chronic cough. In addition, cough sensitivity to hypertonic saline was assessed, cough diary was kept, Leicester Cough Questionnaire was filled in, peak flow was monitored and spirometry, skin prick tests, exhaled nitric oxide measurement and histamine challenge were performed.Results:  The NGF levels did not differ between the healthy subjects and the patients with chronic cough and were not associated with any index describing cough severity. However, these levels in both serum (P = 0.01) and sputum (P = 0.025) samples were associated with asthma. There was a statistically significant association between serum and sputum NGF levels (R = 0.45, P = 0.026). The serum BDNF levels did not differ between the groups and were not associated with any of the background characteristics. The serum NT‐3 levels were below the detection limit in most subjects and therefore these data were not analyzed.Conclusions:  Neither chronic cough nor its severity is associated with abnormal neurotrophin levels. High NGF levels among some patients with chronic cough may indicate a presence of asthma.Please cite this paper as: Koskela HO, Purokivi MK and Romppanen J. Neurotrophins in chronic cough: association with asthma but not with cough severity. The Clinical Respiratory Journal 2009; DOI:10.1111/j.1752‐699X.2009.00143.x.
Inhibition of Protein 4.1 R and NuMA Interaction by Mutagenization of Their Binding‐Sites Abrogates Nuclear Localization of 4.1 R
Authors: Mattagajasingh Subhendra N. , Huang Shu‐Ching , Benz Edward J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractProtein 4.1R(4.1R) is a multifunctional structural protein recently implicated in nuclear assembly and cell division. We earlier demonstrated that 4.1R forms a multiprotein complex with mitotic spindle and spindle pole organizing proteins, such as NuMA, dynein, and dynactin, by binding to residues 1788–1810 of NuMA through amino acids encoded by exons 20 and 21 in 24 kD domain. Employing random‐and site‐directed mutagenesis combined with glycine‐ and alanine‐scanning, we have identified amino acids of 4.1 R and NuMA that sustain their interaction, and have analyzed the effect of mutating the binding sites on their intracellular colocalization. We found that V762, V765, and V767 of 4.1 R, and 11800, 11801,11803, Tl 804, and M1805 of NuMA are necessary for their interaction. GST‐fusion peptides of the 4.1R24 kD domain bound to residues 1785–2115 of NuMA in in vitro binding assays, but the binding was inhibited by alanine substitutions of V762, V765, and V767 of 4.1 R, or residues 1800–1805 of NuMA. Additionally, expression of variants of 4.1 R or NuMA that inhibit their in vitro binding also abrogated nuclear localization of 4.1 Rand colocalization with NuMA. Our findings suggest a crucial role of 4.1 R/NuMA interaction in localization and function of 4.1 R in the nucleus.
An Operational Perspective of Challenging Statistical Dogma While Establishing a Modern, Secure Distributed Data Management and Imaging Transport System: The Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium Phase I Experience
Authors: Onar Arzu , Ramamurthy Uma , Wallace Dana , Boyett James M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium (PBTC) is a multidisciplinary cooperative research organization devoted to the study of correlative tumor biology and new therapies for primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors of childhood. The PBTC was created in 1999 to conduct early‐phase studies in a rapid fashion in order to provide sound scientific foundation for the Children's Oncology Group to conduct definitive trials. The Operations and Biostatistics Center (OBC) of the PBTC is responsible for centrally administering study design and trial development, study conduct and monitoring, data collection and management as well as various regulatory and compliance processes. The phase I designs utilized for the consortium trials have accommodated challenges unique to pediatric trials such as body surface area (BSA)‐based dosing in the absence of pediatric formulations of oral agents. Further during the past decade, the OBC has developed and implemented a state‐of‐the‐art secure and efficient internet‐based paperless distributed data management system. Additional web‐based systems are also in place for tracking and distributing correlative study data as well as neuroimaging files. These systems enable effective communications among the members of the consortium and facilitate the conduct and timely reporting of multi‐institutional early‐phase clinical trials.
Marcus Gunn (jaw‐winking) phenomenon: a case report
Authors: McNamara Clare , Hartnett C. , McNamara CM. 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACTWhile Marcus Gunn phenomenon (MGP) is well documented in the medical literature, little data exist within the dental literature. This is a case report of an adolescent with MGP who presented for orthodontic treatment and required bite‐opening in order to treat her malocclusion. No operative complications were experienced and orthodontic treatment has been uneventful. Although MGP may be uncommon in a dental context, dentists and other oral health professionals can play a significant part in its detection and diagnosis.
Dental health of patients with Parkinson's disease in Iceland
Authors: Einarsdóttir Erna Rún , Gunnsteinsdóttir Hallfrídur , Hallsdóttir Margrét Huld , Sveinsson Sigurjón , Jónsdóttir Sonja Rut , Olafsson Vilhelm Grétar , Bragason Thorvaldur Halldór , Sæmundsson Sigurdur Rúnar , Holbrook William Peter 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACTThe oral and dental health of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) has not been well documented and the findings are conflicting. Patients with PD were invited to take part in a clinical and radiographic examination together with a comparison control group of persons who were a spouse or family member. Subjects (n = 67) and controls (n = 55) were examined and compared. Subjects with PD had more missing teeth, caries, dental plaque, and poorer periodontal health. Counts of cariogenic bacteria in saliva were significantly higher for subjects with PD. They did not consume more sweets or sugar, did not brush less frequently, used dental floss more than controls, and visited the dentist at least as often. Salivary flow levels were comparable between subjects with PD and controls. The lack of muscular control may explain the poorer oral health of patients with PD. Dentists and patients with PD may be reluctant to embark on complex dental procedures, and this may explain the increased number of missing teeth in persons with PD in this study.
Laser as a therapy for dry mouth symptoms in a patient with Sjögren's syndrome: a case report
Authors: Simões Alyne , Platero Maira Duque , Campos Luana , Aranha Ana Cecília , Eduardo Carlos de Paula , Nicolau José 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACTThis clinical case study reports on dry mouth symptoms in a patient with Sjögren's syndrome (SS) who was treated with laser phototherapy (LPT). A 60‐year‐old woman diagnosed with SS was referred to the laboratory for lasers in dentistry to treat her severe xerostomia. A diode laser (780 nm, 3.8 J/cm2, 15 mW) was used to irradiate the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands, three times per week, for a period of 8 months. The salivary flow rate and xerostomia symptoms were measured before, during, and after LPT. Dry mouth symptoms improved during LPT. After LPT, the parotid salivary gland pain and swelling were no longer present. Treatment with LPT was an effective method to improve the quality of life of this patient with SS.
Periodontal management of a patient with severe aplastic anemia: a case report
Authors: Agnihotri Rupali , Bhat Khandige Mahalinga , Bhat Giliyar Subraya , Pandurang Pratibha 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACTThis article describes the periodontal management of a patient with severe aplastic anemia. A 51‐year‐old female patient was hospitalized with aplastic anemia and was referred for the management of her cyclosporine‐induced gingival enlargement and bleeding from her gums. She also complained of pain in the palatal area and the mandibular anterior region. The patient was managed successfully with supra‐ and subgingival instrumentation, local drug delivery (LDD), electrosurgery, repeated oral hygiene instruction, and constant supervision. The treatment resulted in dramatic improvement in the patient's oral health and quality of life. This report highlights the importance of nonsurgical therapy followed by electrosurgery for the management of residual gingival enlargement.
INTEGRABLE THEORIES AND LOOP SPACES: FUNDAMENTALS, APPLICATIONS AND NEW DEVELOPMENTS
Authors: ALVAREZ ORLANDO , FERREIRA L. A. , SÁNCHEZ-GUILLÉN J. 
Published: April 2009

We review our proposal to generalize the standard two-dimensional flatness construction of Lax–Zakharov–Shabat to relativistic field theories in d+1 dimensions. The fundamentals from the theory of connections on loop spaces are presented and clarified. These ideas are exposed using mathematical tools familiar to physicists. We exhibit recent and new results that relate the locality of the loop space curvature to the diffeomorphism invariance of the loop space holonomy. These result are used to show that the holonomy is Abelian if the holonomy is diffeomorphism invariant. These results justify in part and set the limitations of the local implementations of the approach which has been worked out in the last decade. We highlight very interesting applications like the construction and the solution of an integrable four-dimensional field theory with Hopf solitons, and new integrability conditions which generalize BPS equations to systems such as Skyrme theories. Applications of these ideas leading to new constructions are implemented in theories that admit volume-preserving diffeomorphisms of the target space as symmetries. Applications to physically relevant systems like Yang–Mills theories are summarized. We also discuss other possibilities that have not yet been explored.
Expander flows, geometric embeddings and graph partitioning
Authors: Arora Sanjeev , Rao Satish , Vazirani Umesh 
Published: April 2009

We give aO(√logn)-approximation algorithm for the sparsest cut, edge expansion, balanced separator, and graph conductance problems. This improves theO(logn)-approximation of Leighton and Rao (1988). We use a well-known semidefinite relaxation with triangle inequality constraints. Central to our analysis is a geometric theorem about projections of point sets inRd, whose proof makes essential use of a phenomenon called measure concentration.We also describe an interesting and natural “approximate certificate” for a graph's expansion, which involves embedding ann-node expander in it with appropriate dilation and congestion. We call this an expander flow.
Polynomial flow-cut gaps and hardness of directed cut problems
Authors: Chuzhoy Julia , Khanna Sanjeev 
Published: April 2009

We study the multicut and the sparsest cut problems in directed graphs. In the multicut problem, we are a given ann-vertex graphGalong withksource-sink pairs, and the goal is to find the minimum cardinality subset of edges whose removal separates all source-sink pairs. The sparsest cut problem has the same input, but the goal is to find a subset of edges to delete so as to minimize the ratio of the number of deleted edges to the number of source-sink pairs that are separated by this deletion. The natural linear programming relaxation for multicut corresponds, by LP-duality, to the well-studied maximum (fractional) multicommodity flow problem, while the standard LP-relaxation for sparsest cut corresponds to maximum concurrent flow. Therefore, the integrality gap of the linear programming relaxation for multicut/sparsest cut is also theflow-cut gap: the largest gap, achievable for any graph, between the maximum flow value and the minimum cost solution for the corresponding cut problem.Our first result is that the flow-cut gap between maximum multicommodity flow and minimum multicut is Ω˜(n1/7) in directed graphs. We show a similar result for the gap between maximum concurrent flow and sparsest cut in directed graphs. These results improve upon a long-standing lower bound of Ω(logn) for both types of flow-cut gaps. We notice that these polynomially large flow-cut gaps are in a sharp contrast to the undirected setting where both these flow-cut gaps are known to be Θ(logn). Our second result is that both directed multicut and sparsest cut are hard to approximate to within a factor of 2Ω(log1-ϵn)for any constant ϵ > 0, unless NP ⊆ ZPP. This improves upon the recent Ω(logn/log logn)-hardness result for these problems. We also show that existence of PCP's for NP with perfect completeness, polynomially small soundness, and constant number of queries would imply a polynomial factor hardness of approximation for both these problems. All our results hold for directed acyclic graphs.