bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HPV status‐independent association of alcohol and tobacco exposure or prior radiation therapy with promoter methylation of FUSSEL18, EBF3, IRX1, and SEPT9, but not SLC5A8, in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Bennett Kristi L. , Lee Walter , Lamarre Eric , Zhang Xiatong , Seth Rahul , Scharpf Joseph , Hunt Jennifer , Eng Charis 
Published: December 2009

AbstractHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is an aggressive malignancy with more than half a million people being diagnosed with the disease annually. Within the last 2 decades, the human papillomavirus (HPV) has been found to be associated with this malignancy. More recently, HPV‐infected HNSCC has been found to exhibit higher levels of global DNA methylation. In a recent study, we identified five tumor suppressive genes (IRX1, EBF3, SLC5A8, SEPT9, and FUSSEL18) as frequently methylated in HNSCC biopsies using a global methylation analysis via restriction landmark genomic scanning. In this study, we verify these genes as valid methylation markers in two separate sets of HNSCC specimens. By using the available clinical information linked to the patient specimens, we found a strong association between promoter methylation of FUSSEL18, IRX1, and EBF3 and prior radiation therapy (P < 0.0001) irrespective of HPV status. Also, promoter methylation of FUSSEL18 and SEPTIN9 was found to correlate significantly with exposure to alcohol and tobacco (P = 0.021). Importantly, in this study, we preliminarily show a trend between HPV16 positivity and specific target gene hypermethylation of IRX1, EBF3, SLC5A8, and SEPT9. If replicated in a larger study, the HPV status may be a patient selection biomarker when determining the most efficacious treatment modality for these different subsets of patients (e.g., inclusion or exclusion of epigenetic therapies). Equally notable and independent of HPV status, hypermethylation of the promoters of a subset of these genes in recurrences especially in the setting of prior radiation or in the setting of alcohol and tobacco use might help guide adjunctive inclusion or exclusion or epigenetic therapy. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Your vanishing vendors: Lessons from bank M&As
Authors: Sagner James S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWhat should corporate clients of banks do during the current period of bank consolidations? The author of this article—a treasury consultant—says that lessons from bank mergers and acquisitions (M&As) can be used by firms whose other vendors are also undergoing mergers. That includes vendors who provide information processing, financial transactions, accounting, tax preparation, and other services. Clients are facing the very real prospect of their long‐term vendor relationships vanishing—to be replaced by unknown firms from another part of the globe. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gas‐phase pyrolysis in organic synthesis: A route for synthesis of cyanamides
Authors: Al‐Awadi Nouria A. , Abdelkhalik Mervat Mohammed , El‐Dusouqui Osman M. E. , Elnagdi Mohammad H. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
magnified imagePyrolysis of 1,7‐di‐[(E)‐1‐morpholinomethylidene]‐ and 1,7‐di‐[(E)‐1‐piperidino‐methylidene]‐4,6,10,12‐tetramethylamino‐2,8‐dioxo‐1,7‐diaza‐3,5,9,11‐cyclododecatetraene‐3,9‐dicarbonitrile 6a, 6b afforded pyridone 10 in addition to cyanamides 11a, 11b. On the other hand, pyrolysis of 1‐[E‐(4‐(E‐3‐cyano‐4,6‐dimethyl‐2‐oxopyridin‐1(2H)‐ylimino) methylpiperazin‐1‐yl] methylenamino‐4,6‐dimethyl‐2‐oxo‐1,2‐dihydropyridine‐3‐carbonitrile 8 gave 1‐amino‐4,6‐dimethyl‐2‐oxo‐1,2‐dihydropyridine‐3‐carbonitrile 13 as well as piperazine. The mechanism of pyrolysis and the effect of stereochemistry of pyrolyzed substrates on the nature of the pyrolysates are discussed. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
Prediction of response to treatment of chronic hepatitis B with pegylated interferon in the Philippines
Authors: Agdamag Dorothy M. , Kageyama Seiji , Leaño Prisca S. , Solante Rontgene M. , Telan Elizabeth F. , Que Ernesto R. , Ichimura Hiroshi 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe response marker for interferon has not been investigated fully for hepatitis B viruses (HBVs) in the Philippines where novel subtypes B5 and C5 were recognized recently. The prediction parameters for interferon treatment were assessed, with emphasis on the mutation patterns in the basal core promoter and precore regions in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Seventeen HBeAg‐positive patients were stratified according to response to treatment with pegylated interferon based on HBe seroconversion and HBV load. Intra‐patient distributions of wild‐type strains (A1762, G1764) and variants (T1762, A1764) were analyzed using HBV‐DNA amplification and subsequent molecular cloning. The rate of variants (T1762, A1764) harbored by a patient was higher among responders (41.2% and 31% per person on average) than among non‐responders (2.4% and 2.4%) to treatment with pegylated interferon at the baseline, respectively (P < 0.05). The rate of variants (T1762, A1764) harbored by responders (41.2% and 31%) decreased to 1.7% and 1.7%, and wild‐type strains (A1762, G1764) conversely became majority (98.3% and 98.3%) after treatment with pegylated interferon, respectively. HBV strains harbored by two of six responders and a patient with lower baseline load (1.0 × 104 copies/ml) showed genotype shift from A to other genotypes, where genotype A disappeared preferentially after the loss of HBeAg and genotypes B and C formed a major population. These results suggest that the HBV variants (T1762, A1764) and HBV genotype A in the Philippines have an advantage in the response to pegylated interferon. These results warrant a large‐scale examination for further precise prediction of the response to treatment with interferon. J. Med. Virol. 82:213–219, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Institutional outbreak of rubella in a healthcare center in Chandigarh, North India
Authors: Singh Mini P. , Diddi Kavita , Dogra Sunil , Suri Vikas , Varma Subhash , Ratho Radha K. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractRubella is traditionally considered a childhood disease but it has the potential to cause outbreaks in closed communities when a susceptible population accumulates. The present study reports an outbreak of rubella among healthcare workers in the pediatric center of a tertiary care North Indian hospital. The cases of rubella were identified by clinical features and confirmed by the detection of anti‐rubella IgM antibodies in blood by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. A total of 23 cases of rubella occurred over a period of one and a half month, out of which 9 (39%) were males. All the patients were in the age group of 21–35 years. None of the patients gave a history of rubella vaccination. This outbreak of rubella occurred due to the accumulation of a susceptible population in a closed hospital environment. There is need for the introduction of rubella vaccination in healthcare workers to prevent outbreaks at work place. J. Med. Virol. 82:341–344, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Photocontrolled Living Anionic Polymerization of Silicon‐Bridged [1]Ferrocenophanes with Fluorinated Substituents: Synthesis and Characterization of Fluorinated Polyferrocenylsilane (PFS) Homopolymers and Block Copolymers
Authors: Smith Gregory S. , Patra Sanjib K. , Vanderark Lawrence , Saithong Saowanit , Charmant Jonathan P. H. , Manners Ian 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPhotocontrolled living anionic ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of strained silicon‐bridged [1]ferrocenophanes Fe(η‐C5H4)2SiMe(CH2CH2CF3) (1), Fe(η‐C5H4)2SiMe(CH2CH2(CF2)7CF3) (2) and Fe(η‐C5H4)2SiMe(CH2CH2CH2C6F5) (3) with 3,3,3‐trifluoropropyl, heptadecafluoro‐1,1,2,2‐tetrahydrodecyl, and pentafluorophenylpropyl hydrofluorocarbon substituents, respectively, on silicon, have been explored. Thus well‐defined fluorine‐containing homopolymers [Fe(η‐C5H4)2Si(Me)RF]n (4–6) (RF = hydrofluoro‐ carbon substituents), with controlled molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions ($\overline M _{\rm w} /\overline M _{\rm n} $ < 1.10) were synthesized from the photocontrolled ROP of the respective [1]ferrocenophanes 1–3, initiated by Na[C5H5] in THF at 5 °C. The sequential living photolytic anionic ROP allowed the synthesis of well‐defined diblock copolymers, polyferrocenylmethylphenyl‐ silane‐block‐polyferrocenylmethyl(3,3,3‐trifluoropropyl)silane (PFMPS‐b‐PFSF) (7a–c), with different ratios of the two blocks. DSC analysis of the resulting fluorinated diblock copolymers showed the presence of two distinct glass transition temperatures suggesting the immiscibility of the two blocks. The diblock copolymers 7a–c undergo predictable self‐assembly in the bulk as revealed by TEM analyses. The increased hydrophobicity of the fluorinated organometallic homopolymers was also studied by measuring the water contact angles on the homopolymer films.magnified image
The regenerator location problem
Authors: Chen Si , Ljubić Ivana , Raghavan S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn this article, we introduce the regenerator location problem (RLP), which deals with a constraint on the geographical extent of transmission in optical networks. Specifically, an optical signal can only travel a maximum distance of dmax before its quality deteriorates to the point that it must be regenerated by installing regenerators at nodes of the network. As the cost of a regenerator is high, we wish to deploy as few regenerators as possible in the network, while ensuring all nodes can communicate with each other. We show that the RLP is NP‐Complete. We then devise three heuristics for the RLP. We show how to represent the RLP as a max leaf spanning tree problem (MLSTP) on a transformed graph. Using this fact, we model the RLP as a Steiner arborescence problem (SAP) with a unit degree constraint on the root node. We also devise a branch‐and‐cut procedure to the directed cut formulation for the SAP problem. In our computational results over 740 test instances, the heuristic procedures obtained the optimal solution in 454 instances, whereas the branch‐and‐cut procedure obtained the optimal solution in 536 instances. These results indicate the quality of the heuristic solutions are quite good, and the branch‐and‐cut approach is viable for the optimal solution of problems with up to 100 nodes. Our approaches are also directly applicable to the MLSTP indicating that both the heuristics and branch‐and‐cut approach are viable options for the MLSTP. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2010
Developing capacity for managing public service reform: The Tanzania experience 2000–2008
Authors: Morgan Peter J. , Baser Heather , Morin Denyse 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPublic service reform has been more effective in Tanzania than in most African countries. An important contribution to this relative success has been the growing capacity of the Government of Tanzania to design and lead complex reform programs such as the Public Service Reform Program. This article looks at how and why this capacity developed and the possible implications for other efforts at public service reform in Africa. Our specific focus is on the Public Service Management Department in the President's Office (PO‐PSM), the unit designated to manage the PSRP and the emergence of its capacity to lead and energize the change process. A variety of factors have accounted for the effectiveness of the PO‐PSM. We argue that three have been particularly important: its organizational positioning, its development of a range of required competencies and capabilities, and finally its sequencing of the reform activities of the PSRP. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unrestricted identification of modified proteins using MS/MS
Authors: Ahrné Erik , Müller Markus , Lisacek Frederique 
Published: December 2009

AbstractProteins undergo PTM, which modulates their structure and regulates their function. Estimates of the PTM occurrence vary but it is safe to assume that there is an important gap between what is currently known and what remains to be discovered. The highest throughput and most comprehensive efforts to catalogue protein mixtures have so far been using MS‐based shotgun proteomics. The standard approach to analyse MS/MS data is to use Peptide Fragment Fingerprinting tools such as Sequest, MASCOT or Phenyx. These tools commonly identify 5–30% of the spectra in an MS/MS data set while only a limited list of predefined protein modifications can be screened. An important part of the unidentified spectra is likely to be spectra of peptides carrying modifications not considered in the search. Bioinformatics for PTM discovery is an active area of research. In this review we focus on software solutions developed for unrestricted identification of modifications in MS/MS data, here referred to as open modification search tools. We give an overview of the conceptually different algorithmic solutions to evaluate the large number of candidate peptides per spectrum when accounting for modifications of unrestricted size and demonstrate the value of results of large‐scale open modification search studies. Efficient and easy‐to‐use tools for protein modification discovery should prove valuable in the quest for mapping the dynamics of proteomes.
Preparation and characterization of a poly(vinylbenzyl sulfonic acid)‐grafted FEP membrane
Authors: Fei Geng , Shin Junhwa , Kang Sung‐A , Ko Beom‐Seok , Kang Phil‐Hyun , Lee Youn‐Sik , Nho Young Chang 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn this study, a novel polymer electrolyte membrane, poly(vinylbenzyl sulfonic acid)‐grafted poly(tetrafluoroethylene‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (FEP‐g‐PVBSA), has been successfully prepared by simultaneous irradiation grafting of vinylbenzyl chloride (VBC) monomer onto a FEP film and taking subsequent chemical modification steps to modify the benzyl chloride moiety to the benzyl sulfonic acid moiety. The chemical reactions for the sulfonation were carried out via the formation of thiouronium salt with thiourea, base‐catalyzed hydrolysis for the formation of thiol, and oxidation with hydrogen peroxide. Each chemical conversion process was confirmed by FTIR, elemental analysis, and SEM‐EDX. A chemical stability study performed with Fenton's reagent (3% H2O2 solution containing 4 ppm of Fe2+) at 70 °C revealed that FEP‐g‐PVBSA has a higher chemical stability than the poly(styrene sulfonic acid)‐grafted membranes (FEP‐g‐PSSA). © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 563–569, 2010
The relationship between catalyst precursors and chain end groups in homogeneous propene polymerization catalysis
Authors: Caporaso Lucia , De Rosa Claudio , Talarico Giovanni 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe chain transfer to monomer reactions promoted by primary and secondary growing chains in the propene polymerization promoted by ansa‐zirconocenes and postmetallocene precursors are studied by using DFT methods. From the theoretical results it comes out that the prevalence of propene insertion over β‐hydrogen transfer to the monomer decreases drastically in the presence of a secondary chain. Furthermore, we explained the reason why C2‐symmetric metallocene catalysts promote the selective formation of cis but‐2‐enyls end group after a 2,1 inserted unit whereas for octahedral bis(phenoxy‐imine)titanium‐based catalysts, chain release promotes exclusively the formation of allyl terminated chain end. These results might be useful to design ligand precursors able to obtain not only high Mn PP polymers but also tuned chain end groups to build new polymer architectures. Overall, a more general picture of the enantioselectivity of the chain transfer to monomer processes is reported. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 699–708, 2010
Shear‐induced clay dispersion in HDPE/PEgMA/organoclay composites as studied via real‐time rheological method
Authors: Cao Jing , Wang Ke , Yang Hong , Chen Feng , Zhang Qin , Fu Qiang 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn current study, a real‐time rheological method was used to investigate the intercalation and exfoliation process of clay in high‐density polyethylene/organoclay (HDPE/OMMT) nanocomposites using maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (PEgMA) as compatibilizer. To do this, a steady shear was applied to the original nonintercalated or slightly intercalated composites prepared via simple mixing. The moduli of the composites were recorded as a function of time. The effect of matrix molecular weight and the content of compatibilizer on the modulus were studied. The role of the compatibilizer is to enhance the interaction between OMMT and polymer matrix, which facilitates the dispersion, intercalation, and exfoliation of OMMT. The matrix molecular weight determines the melt viscosity and affects the shear stress applied to OMMT platelets. Based on the experimental results, different exfoliation processes of OMMT in composites with different matrix molecular weight were demonstrated. The slippage of OMMT layers is suggested in low‐molecular weight matrix, whereas a gradual intercalation process under shear is suggested in high‐molecular weight matrix. Current study demonstrates that real‐time rheological measurement is an effective way to investigate the dispersion, intercalation, and exfoliation of OMMT as well as the structural change of the matrix. Moreover, it also provides a deep understanding for the role of polymer matrix and compatibilizer in the clay intercalation process. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 302–312, 2010
PVT properties of linear and dendritic polymers
Authors: Simha, Robert , Utracki Leszek A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe aim of this article is to examine the limits of applicability of the Simha‐Somcynsky (S‐S) equation of state (EOS) by comparing the pressure‐volume‐temperature (PVT) data and the derivatives (compressibility, κ, and thermal expansion coefficient, α) of anionic linear polystyrene (PS) with poly(benzyl ether) dendrimers (PBED). Fitting the PVT of PBED data to the S‐S EOS was similarly satisfactory as that of PS and the computed Lennard‐Jones (L‐J) interaction parameters showed similar errors of ca. 1%. Next, the experimental derivatives, α and κ of PS and PBED were compared with these functions computed from the S‐S EOS—good agreement was obtained for α at ambient pressure, P, indicating validity of the S‐S theory at least up to the first derivative. While the predicted κ = κ(P) dependence for PS and a linear PBED homologue was correct, for dendrimers the compressibility was higher at low pressure and it was lower at high P than theory predicts. Also the extracted values of the L‐J repulsion volume, v*, between a segment pair was smaller than expected. The specific architecture of dendrimer molecules is responsible for this behavior, since their 3D configuration is significantly different from the S‐S model with uniform segmental density and oxygen bonds in the main and side chains add flexibility. © 2009 NRC Canada. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 322–332, 2010
Electrospinning of ultrafine PVDF/PC fibers from their dispersed solutions
Authors: Na Haining , Liu Xiwang , Sun Hua , Zhao Yunhui , Zhao Ci , Yuan Xiaoyan 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDispersed solutions of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/polycarbonate (PC) in the mixed solvent of N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF)/tetrahydrofuran (THF) were used to electrospin in order to discuss the relationship between the properties of the polymer dispersions and the morphology of the obtained ultrafine fibers. With the changes of the mass ratio of PVDF/PC, the relative molecular mass of PVDF, and the volume ratio of DMF/THF, the morphology and the microstructure of the prepared PVDF/PC ultrafine fibers altered in accord with the viscosity, surface tension, and conductivity of the PVDF/PC dispersions. When the PVDF/PC mass ratio varied from 9/1 to 5/5, the ability of the polymer chain entanglement in PVDF/PC dispersion decreased as to the lower relative molecular mass of PC and higher chain rigidity, which lead to the formation of the beaded fibers together with the distinct core/shell structure. Similar phenomenon was also found when the lower molecular mass of PVDF was used instead of a higher one. Though the change of DMF/THF volume ratio did not specifically contribute to the properties of PVDF/PC dispersions, the accelerated evaporation and solubility of the mixed solvent by the THF amount increasing was feasible to generate the uniform fibrous morphology and the distinct core/shell structure. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 372–380, 2010
Investigation of the Effects of Gas versus Liquid Deposition in an Aerosol‐Assisted Corona Deposition Process
Authors: O'Neill Liam , Herbert P. Anthony F. , Stallard Charles , Dowling Denis P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe particle size of polymethylhydrogen siloxane (PHMS) and hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) droplets nebulised into an atmospheric pressure plasma was investigated using laser particle imaging. At low precursor flow rates the volatile HMDSO monomer is shown to be vapourised by the nebulisation process and no discrete aerosol droplets enter the plasma. This results in a standard gas phase PECVD process. As the precursor flow rate increases, liquid aerosol droplets are detected in the plasma. The diameter and number of droplets is largely unaffected by exposure to the plasma and intact droplets exit the plasma and impact directly on the substrate. The change in precursor flow is found to significantly alter the surface morphology of the deposited coatings with minimal impact upon the coating chemistry.
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Create Special Domain News Collections through Summarization and Classification
Authors: Teng Zhi , Liu Ye , Ren Fuji 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we present a novel technique to create a special domain news collection system from really simple syndication (RSS) news sites through summarization and classification. The main aim of this research is to build a self‐sufficient news collection system in disaster domain. In this news collection system, we used new strategies and algorithms to mine news from RSS sites, recognized and collected disaster news using automatic summarization and classification. The most striking dissimilarity between our study and previous work is that we use a novel summary approach to improve the classification performance. This paper discusses the effect of summarization and classification model on system performance. Results show that our method yields a better performance in this field. Copyright © 2010 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
LPV Modelling and Gain‐Scheduled Control Approach for the Transient Stabilization of Power Systems
Authors: He Rong , Liu Kang‐Zhi , Mei Shengwei 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn this paper, a new control approach is proposed for the transient stabilization of a single‐machine infinite‐bus power system. The proposed method is based on linear parameter varying (LPV) modeling of the nonlinear power system and the design of a gain‐scheduled output feedback controller. It is well‐known that when large disturbances or a fault occurs, the nonlinearity inherent in power systems can no longer be ignored. The proposed method can handle the nonlinear model directly. First, we show that the nonlinear model can be transformed equivalently into an LPV system with the rotor angle as the scheduling parameter. Then, a gain‐scheduled output feedback controller is designed based on robust pole placement and L2‐gain minimization. Simulation results verify that the proposed method is better than well‐tuned conventional power system stabilizer (PSS) control. Copyright © 2010 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.