bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sirex noctilio in North America: the effect of stem‐injection timing on the attractiveness and suitability of trap trees
Authors: Zylstra Kelley E. , Dodds Kevin J. , Francese Joseph A. , Mastro Victor 
Published: March 2010

Sirex noctilio Fabricius, an invasive woodwasp responsible for severe economic damage to pine industries in the southern hemisphere, is now established in the northeastern U.S.A. and portions of eastern Canada.
Parts of North America are considered to be high risk for S. noctilio invasion. Effective detection tools, including trap trees, are needed to monitor and survey S. noctilio populations.
The present study was conducted to determine the optimal time to chemically stress a tree when aiming to attract the most S. noctilio to the host substrate, as well as to determine which timing produced the most adult progeny. Both of these measures (host attraction and host suitability for development) support the main objectives of the study by offering improved methods for monitoring and management of S. noctilio.
Red pine (Pinus resinosa) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) were treated with Dicamba at three time intervals. Multiple funnel lindgren traps were placed on these trees and, at the end of the flight season, the treatment trees were felled and brought into the laboratory. The number of S. noctilio caught in the traps (host attraction) and the number of S. noctilio emerged from the treated trees (host suitability) were determined.
Optimal timing of the chemical girdle was dependent on host species. Significantly more female S. noctilio were captured on trap trees prepared 1 month before flight (red pine and Scots pine) or prepared at flight (Scots pine) compared with other treatments. There were also significantly more females reared from Scots pine trap trees prepared at flight and red pine trap trees prepared 1 month before and/or at flight.
By the beginning of August, most (79%) of the S. noctilio for the flight season were caught in the traps at the trap trees. The sex ratio (males : females) was closer to 1 : 1 than previously reported in studies from other countries.
The results obtained in the present study demonstrate that timing is important when creating a trap tree with herbicide in North America, whether for the purpose of detection or as part of a biological control effort.
Japanese and American Children's Reasoning about Accepting Credit for Prosocial Behavior
Authors: Heyman Gail D. , Itakura Shoji , Lee Kang 
Published: March 2010

AbstractChildren's reasoning about the appropriateness of accepting credit for one's own prosocial behavior was examined. Participants aged 7–11 years old in Japan and the USA (total N = 206) were presented with a series of stories in which a protagonist performs a good deed and is asked about it by another character. Across stories, the protagonist either truthfully acknowledges the deed or falsely denies it, in a statement that is made either in public or in private, and is addressed to either a teacher or to a peer. As predicted, Japanese children judged protagonists less favorably when they acknowledged the good deed in public rather than in private. Further, Japanese children tended to view modest lies more favorably overall than did children in the USA. These results point to the importance of modesty in Japan and to the ways in which Japanese children take into account the social context of communication when deciding whether it is appropriate for individuals to convey information about themselves.
Preschoolers' Bistrategic Resource Control, Reconciliation, and Peer Regard
Authors: Roseth Cary J. , Pellegrini Anthony D. , Dupuis Danielle N. , Bohn Catherine M. , Hickey Meghan C. , Hilk Caroline L. , Peshkam Annie 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBistrategic resource control entails using both coercive and prosocial strategies in competition for resources. The present study sought to clarify whether bistrategic involves more than simply using both strategies some of the time. Examining 88 preschoolers' coercion and prosociality over an entire school year, results showed that coercive resource control was used most frequently at the start of the school year, presumably to access resources and establish social dominance. Rates of prosocial resource control increased over the school year, and socially dominant preschoolers showed higher rates compared with peers, presumably to maintain resource control while keeping peers as allies. Socially dominant preschoolers also used reconciliation more often than peers, resulting in higher rates of affiliation between former competitors and more positive peer regard from fall to spring. Findings are discussed in terms of resource control theory and the importance of situating social behaviors within the behavioral and relationship context in which they are embedded.
Actualization of Social Cognitions into Aggressive Behavior toward Disliked Targets
Authors: Peets Kätlin , Hodges Ernest V. E. , Salmivalli Christina 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe basic premise that social cognitions guide behavior (aggression) was evaluated within relationships marked by dislike. At Time 1, a disliked target was identified for each participant (195 fifth‐grade children; 109 boys; 11–12 years old at Time 1) who then responded to questions about different aggression‐supporting social cognitions with regard to the chosen target. In addition, aggression directed at the identified peer (from the disliked child's perspective) was measured twice over a one‐year interval. Our results show that aggressogenic thought predicts increases in aggression only when the target is chronically disliked. Moreover, within chronically disliked relationships, the actualization of aggressogenic thought is maximized when children have high initial levels of reactive (in the case of hostile attributions) and proactive aggression (in the case of self‐efficacy beliefs), and when targets are initially high on reactive aggression. These findings suggest that social cognitions, assessed within a specific relationship context, can have more predictive validity than traditionally used decontextualized measures.
Peptides derived from specific interaction sites of the fibroblast growth factor 2 – FGF receptor complexes induce receptor activation and signaling
Authors: Manfè Valentina , Kochoyan Artur , Bock Elisabeth , Berezin Vladimir 
Published: March 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 114, 74–86.AbstractBasic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2, bFGF) is the most extensively studied member of the FGF family and is involved in neurogenesis, differentiation, neuroprotection, and synaptic plasticity in the CNS. FGF2 executes its pleiotropic biologic actions by binding, dimerizing, and activating FGF receptors (FGFRs). The present study reports the physiologic impact of various FGF2‐FGFR1 contact sites employing three different synthetic peptides, termed canofins, designed based on structural analysis of the interactions between FGF2 and FGFR1. Canofins mimic the cognate ligand interaction with the receptor and preserve the neuritogenic and neuroprotective properties of FGF2. Canofins were shown by surface plasmon resonance analysis to bind to FGFR1 and promote receptor activation. However, FGF2‐induced receptor phosphorylation was inhibited by canofins, indicating that canofins are partial FGFR agonists. Furthermore, canofins were demonstrated to induce neuronal differentiation determined by neurite outgrowth from cerebellar granule neurons, and this effect was dependent on FGFR activation. Additionally, canofins acted as neuroprotectants, promoting survival of cerebellar granule neurons induced to undergo apoptosis. Our results suggest that canofins mirror the effect of specific interaction sites in FGF2 for FGFR. Thus, canofins are valuable pharmacological tools to study the functional roles of specific molecular interactions of FGF2 with FGFR.
Aging alters the expression of neurotransmission‐regulating proteins in the hippocampal synaptoproteome
Authors: VanGuilder Heather D. , Yan Han , Farley Julie A. , Sonntag William E. , Freeman Willard M. 
Published: March 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 113, 1577–1588.AbstractDecreased cognitive performance reduces independence and quality of life for aging individuals. Healthy brain aging does not involve significant neuronal loss, but little is known about the effects of aging at synaptic terminals. Age‐related cognitive decline likely reflects the manifestation of dysregulated synaptic function and ineffective neurotransmission. In this study, hippocampal synaptosomes were enriched from young‐adult (3 months), adult (12 months), and aged (26 months) Fischer 344 × Brown Norway rats, and quantitative alterations in the synaptoproteome were examined by 2‐DIGE and MS/MS. Bioinformatic analysis of differentially expressed proteins identified a significant effect of aging on a network of neurotransmission‐regulating proteins. Specifically, altered expression of DNM1, HPCA, PSD95, SNAP25, STX1, SYN1, SYN2, SYP, and VAMP2 was confirmed by immunoblotting. 14–3–3 isoforms identified in the proteomic analysis were also confirmed as a result of their implication in the regulation of the synaptic vesicle cycle and neurotransmission modulation. The findings of this study demonstrate a coordinated down‐regulation of neurotransmission‐regulating proteins that suggests an age‐based deterioration of hippocampal neurotransmission occurring between adulthood and advanced age. Altered synaptic protein expression may decrease stimulus‐induced neurotransmission and vesicle replenishment during prolonged or intense stimulation, which are necessary for learning and the formation and perseverance of memory.
Dopamine D2receptor function is compromised in the brain of the methionine sulfoxide reductase A knockout mouse
Authors: Oien Derek B. , Ortiz Andrea N. , Rittel Alexander G. , Dobrowsky Rick T. , Johnson Michael A. , Levant Beth , Fowler Stephen C. , Moskovitz Jackob 
Published: March 2010

J. Neurochem.(2010)114, 51–61.AbstractPrevious research suggests that brain oxidative stress and altered rodent locomotor behavior are linked. We observed bio‐behavioral changes in methionine sulfoxide reductase A knockout mice associated with abnormal dopamine signaling. Compromised ability of these knockout mice to reduce methionine sulfoxide enhances accumulation of sulfoxides in proteins. We examined the dopamine D2‐receptor function and expression, which has an atypical arrangement and quantity of methionine residues. Indeed, protein expression levels of dopamine D2‐receptor were higher in knockout mice compared with wild‐type. However, the binding of dopamine D2‐receptor agonist was compromised in the same fractions of knockout mice. Coupling efficiency of dopamine D2‐receptors to G‐proteins was also significantly reduced in knockout mice, supporting the compromised agonist binding. Furthermore, pre‐synaptic dopamine release in knockout striatal sections was less responsive than control sections to dopamine D2‐receptor ligands. Behaviorally, the locomotor activity of knockout mice was less responsive to the inhibitory effect of quinpirole than wild‐type mice. Involvement of specific methionine residue oxidation in the dopamine D2‐receptor third intracellular loop is suggested byin vitrostudies. We conclude that ablation of methionine sulfoxide reductase can affect dopamine signaling through altering dopamine D2‐receptor physiology and may be related to symptoms associated with neurological disorders and diseases.
The exceptional properties of 9‐methyl‐β‐carboline: stimulation, protection and regeneration of dopaminergic neurons coupled with anti‐inflammatory effects
Authors: Polanski Witold , Enzensperger Christoph , Reichmann Heinz , Gille Gabriele 
Published: March 2010

J. Neurochem.(2010)113, 1659–1675.Abstractβ‐Carbolines (BCs) are potential endogenous and exogenous neurotoxins that may contribute to the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease. However, we recently demonstrated protective and stimulatory effects of 9‐methyl‐BC (9‐me‐BC) in primary dopaminergic culture. In the present study, treatment with 9‐me‐BC unmasked a unique tetrad of effects. First, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression was stimulated in pre‐existing dopa decarboxylase immunoreactive neurons and several TH‐relevant transcription factors (Gata2, Gata3, Creb1, Crebbp) were up‐regulated. Neurite outgrowth of TH immunoreactive (THir) neurons was likewise stimulated. The interaction with tyrosine kinases (protein kinase A and C, epidermal growth factor‐receptor, fibroblast growth factor‐receptor and neural cell adhesion molecule) turned out to be decisive for these observed effects. Second, 9‐me‐BC protected in acute toxicity models THir neurons against lipopolysaccharide and 2,9‐dime‐BC+toxicity. Third, in a chronic toxicity model when cells were treated with 9‐me‐BC after chronic rotenone administration, a pronounced regeneration of THir neurons was observed. Fourth, 9‐me‐BC inhibited the proliferation of microglia induced by toxin treatment and installed an anti‐inflammatory environment by decreasing the expression of inflammatory cytokines and receptors. Finally, 9‐me‐BC lowered the content of α‐synuclein protein in the cultures. The presented results warrant the exploration of 9‐me‐BC as a novel potential anti‐parkinsonian medication, as 9‐me‐BC interferes with several known pathogenic factors in Parkinson’s disease as outlined above. Further investigations are currently under way.
Increased Disclosure Requirements and Corporate Governance Decisions: Evidence from Chief Financial Officers in the Pre‐ and Post–Sarbanes‐Oxley Periods
Authors: WANG XUE 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTI study how increased internal control disclosure requirements mandated by the Sarbanes‐Oxley Act (SOX) affect annual corporate governance decisions regarding CFOs. Using non‐CEO, non‐COO executive officers as a control group, I find that CFOs of firms with weak internal controls receive lower compensation and experience higher forced turnover rates after the passage of SOX. In contrast, CFOs of firms with strong internal controls receive higher compensation and do not experience significant changes in forced turnover rates. These results are consistent with the “disclosure of type” hypothesis, which suggests that the mandatory internal control disclosures under SOX are a credible mechanism that effectively distinguishes good CFOs from bad ones by revealing the firm's internal control quality. The empirical evidence thus supports the notion that mandated increases in disclosure reduce information asymmetry in the executive labor market.
The Regulation of Public Company Auditing: Evidence from the Transition to AS5
Authors: DOOGAR RAJIB , SIVADASAN PADMAKUMAR , SOLOMON IRA 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTThe replacement of Auditing Standard No. 2 (AS2) by Auditing Standard No. 5 (AS5) creates a natural experiment that sheds light on (1) potential inefficiencies caused by regulatory responses to a political crisis and (2) audit efficiency and effectiveness improvements resulting from the risk‐based approach embodied in AS5. We study these effects by examining the impact of AS5 on audit fees. We find that AS5 audit fees are aligned with auditee fraud risk, but not AS2 audit fees. Second, relative to AS2 benchmark levels, AS5 audit fees are, on average, lower for all auditees. Third, relative to AS2 benchmarks, AS5 fees are lower for lower‐fraud‐risk auditees but greater for higher‐fraud‐risk auditees. Overall, the evidence is consistent with (1) initial overregulation (via AS2) followed by reform (via AS5) and (2) auditors deploying a risk‐based audit approach to obtain both efficiency and potential effectiveness gains in audit production.
Cannabinoid CB1receptor‐interacting proteins: novel targets for central nervous system drug discovery?
Authors: Smith Tricia H , Sim‐Selley Laura J , Selley Dana E 
Published: March 2010

The main pharmacological effects of marijuana, as well as synthetic and endogenous cannabinoids, are mediated through G‐protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs), including CB1and CB2receptors. The CB1receptor is the major cannabinoid receptor in the central nervous system and has gained increasing interest as a target for drug discovery for treatment of nausea, cachexia, obesity, pain, spasticity, neurodegenerative diseases and mood and substance abuse disorders. Evidence has accumulated to suggest that CB1receptors, like other GPCRs, interact with and are regulated by several other proteins beyond the established role of heterotrimeric G‐proteins. These proteins, which include the GPCR kinases, β‐arrestins, GPCR‐associated sorting proteins, factor associated with neutral sphingomyelinase, other GPCRs (heterodimerization) and the novel cannabinoid receptor‐interacting proteins: CRIP1a/b, are thought to play important roles in the regulation of intracellular trafficking, desensitization, down‐regulation, signal transduction and constitutive activity of CB1receptors. This review examines CB1receptor‐interacting proteins, including heterotrimeric G‐proteins, but with particular emphasis on non‐G‐protein entities, that might comprise the CB1receptosomal complex. The evidence for direct interaction with CB1receptors and potential functional roles of these interacting proteins is discussed, as are future directions and challenges in this field with an emphasis on the possibility of eventually targeting these proteins for drug discovery.This article is part of a themed issue on Cannabinoids. To view the editorial for this themed issue visithttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1476‐5381.2010.00831.x
Oral sildenafil increases skin hyperaemia induced by iontophoresis of sodium nitroprusside in healthy volunteers
Authors: Blaise S , Hellmann M , Roustit M , Isnard S , Cracowski JL 
Published: March 2010

Background and purpose:  Sildenafil, a specific inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 5A (PDE5A), is currently tested as a treatment for severe Raynaud's phenomenon. Here, we tested whether sildenafil, alone or combined with local sodium nitroprusside (SNP) delivered through skin iontophoresis, increased forearm cutaneous blood conductance in healthy volunteers, and to assess how well this combination was tolerated.Experimental approach:  Ten healthy volunteers were enrolled. Variations in cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) following oral administration of 50 or 100 mg of sildenafil with or without SNP iontophoresis were expressed as a percentage of maximal CVC, and were monitored using laser Doppler imaging. SNP iontophoresis was performed on the ventral surface of the forearm, 1 h after application of lidocaine/prilocaine cream.Key results:  Sildenafil at 100 mg, but not 50 mg, increased overall responses (area under the curve) (44%) and peak responses (29%) to SNP iontophoresis. Sildenafil at 100 mg, but not 50 mg, increased baseline CVC (75%). Incidence of headache was not changed when SNP iontophoresis was combined with sildenafil. One episode of symptomatic arterial hypotension occurred in a volunteer given 50 mg sildenafil, 30 min after the beginning of SNP iontophoresis.Conclusions and implications:  Oral sildenafil at 100 mg potentiated local skin hyperaemia induced by SNP iontophoresis, with no increased incidence of headaches. The combination of oral specific PDE5A inhibitor and nitrates administered through skin iontophoresis deserves further investigation in diseases such as severe Raynaud's phenomenon, with particular attention to the incidence of arterial hypotension.
9,10‐Dihydro‐2,5‐dimethoxyphenanthrene‐1,7‐diol, from Eulophia ochreata, inhibits inflammatory signalling mediated by Toll‐like receptors
Authors: Datla Praneel , Kalluri Mani Deepthi , Basha Khalander , Bellary Akshaya , Kshirsagar Rajendra , Kanekar Yogesh , Upadhyay Shakti , Singh Shiva , Rajagopal Vikram 
Published: March 2010

Background and purpose:  9,10‐Dihydro‐2,5‐dimethoxyphenanthrene‐1,7‐diol (RSCL‐0520) is a phenanthrene isolated from Eulophia ochreata, one of the Orchidaceae family, known by local tradition to exhibit medicinal properties. However, no anti‐inflammatory activity or any molecular mechanisms involved have been reported or elucidated. Here, for the first time, we evaluate the anti‐inflammatory properties of RSCL‐0520 on responses induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and mediated via Toll‐like receptors (TLRs).Experimental approach:  The in vitro anti‐inflammatory activities of RSCL‐0520 were investigated in LPS‐stimulated monocytic cells, measuring activation of cytokine and inflammatory genes regulated by nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB). Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α levels in serum following LPS stimulation in mice and carrageenan‐induced paw oedema in rats were used as in vivo models.Key results:  Pretreatment with RSCL‐0520 effectively inhibited LPS‐induced, TLR4‐mediated, NF‐κB‐activated inflammatory genes in vitro, and reduced both LPS‐induced TNF‐α release and carrageenan‐induced paw oedema in rats. Treatment with RSCL‐0520 reduced LPS‐stimulated mRNA expression of TNF‐α, COX‐2, intercellular adhesion molecule‐1, interleukin (IL)‐8 and IL‐1β, all regulated through NF‐κB activation. RSCL‐0520, however, did not interfere with any cellular processes in the absence of LPS.Conclusions and implications:  RSCL‐0520 blocked signals generated by TLR4 activation, as shown by down‐regulation of NF‐κB‐regulated inflammatory cytokines. The inhibitory effect involved both MyD88‐dependent and ‐independent signalling cascades. Our data elucidated the molecular mechanisms involved, and support the search for plant‐derived TLR antagonists, as potential anti inflammatory agents.
Transplacental transfer of remifentanil in the pregnant ewe
Authors: Coonen JB , Marcus MAE , Joosten EAJ , van Kleef M , Neef C , van Aken H , Gogarten W 
Published: March 2010

Background and purpose:  While remifentanil can be used either during labour or fetal surgery, more should be known about the transplacental transfer of this opioid. The aim of this study was to investigate the placental transfer and haemodynamic effects of remifentanil after i.v. administration to pregnant ewes.Experimental approach:  Seven pregnant ewes received a continuous infusion of remifentanil (0.33 µg·kg−1·min−1) for 1 h, and maternal and fetal arterial blood samples were drawn at regular intervals during and up to 1 h after the discontinuation of the infusion. Haemodynamic parameters were monitored continuously. Blood gas samples were drawn at baseline and once during the infusion.Key results:  Peak maternal remifentanil plasma levels of 4.0 ± 0.9 ng·mL−1 (mean ± SD) and peak fetal plasma levels of 0.4 ± 0.3 ng·mL−1 were obtained. Remifentanil plasma levels dropped rapidly after the discontinuation of the infusion. The continuous infusion of remifentanil did not result in significant maternal or fetal haemodynamic changes.Conclusions and implications:  Remifentanil rapidly passes through the placenta of pregnant ewes and although remifentanil concentrations stay significantly lower in the fetus compared with those in the mother, remifentanil can be detected in significant amounts in the fetus.