bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS FOLLOWING CONIZATION OF THE UTERINE CERVIX (II)
Authors: Weber Tom , Obel Erik B. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The effect of conization upon the course of pregnancy and the fertility has been evaluated. 44 women had a total of 66 pregnancies following conization. These 44 women were compared with an age‐matched group of non‐conized women, as well as with a group of non‐conized women matched for both age and parity.There were more smokers among conized than among non‐conized women. All other descriptive variables were found to be without significant differences between the groups compared.There was no significant difference in the frequency of spontaneous and induced abortion, prematurity or cesarean section between conized and non‐conized women. The second stage of labor was found to be protracted in conized women.Fertility judged by the “latent period” ‐ the time elapsed from the couple started sexual intercourse without use of contraception to the present pregnancy ‐ showed no difference between conized and non‐conized women.We conclude that although a greater number of patients is necessary to permit definite conclusions concerning the risk of pregnancy and delivery complications in conized women, it is of special interest that the present study did not demonstrate an increased risk of spontaneous abortion nor of prematurity.
Pharmacokinetic Studies on Low Dose Estradiol 17β Administered Orally to Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Sipinen S. , Lähteenmäki P. , Luukkainen T. 
Published: December 2009

Peripheral plasma from four postmenopausal women was analysed for estrone, estradiol, luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone during 24 hours following an oral intake of a single dose of 1.0 mg micronized estradiol, on the first day of therapy and after one month. A similar study was carried out with another four postmenopausal patients, who received 0.2 mg estradiol three times daily. The measurements were performed by radioimmunoassay (RIA).It is concluded that the plasma concentrations of estrone and estradiol are higher and those of FSH lower after one month of therapy than on the first treatment day, while plasma LH remains unchanged. Micronized estradiol is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and converted to estrone, and the plasma profiles of estrone during the day are more constant with a divided daily dose than with a single higher dose. The divided daily dose results in an equally good clinical effect even though the total administration of estradiol is lower.
Do Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors (E2R and PR) in Metastasizing Endometrial Cancers Predict the Response to Gestagen Therapy?
Authors: Benraad Th. J. , Friberg L. G. , Koenders A. J. M. , Kullander S. 
Published: December 2009

In a prospective investigation biopsy specimens were obtained of 150 women with primary, untreated endometrial carcinoma for determination of the content of estrogen and progesterone receptors (E2 and PR). After a varying interval 13 who developed metastases despite routine surgical and radiation therapy received treatment with gestagens. The clinical effect of the hormone was studied for any correlation with the initial content of E2 and PR.Eight of the women (61–71 years) proved E2R positive (> 10 fmoles/mg cytosolprotein), 2 had no PR and the remaining 6 had PR in a concentration of 7–892 fmoles/mg cytosolprotein). 7 responded clinically to gestagen therapy (tumors poorly differentiated in 3 and moderately in 4).Five of the women (50–84 years) were E2R negative; they had no PR, they did not respond to gestagen therapy and died after 2–8 months (tumors poorly differentiated in 2 and moderately in 3).Determination of E2R and PR in endometrial carcinoma appears to be a clinically useful test for predicting whether a patient is likely to respond to treatment with gestagens.
The Effect of Cervical Encerclarge on Uterine Dimensions
Authors: Levin S. , Brook I. , Feingold M. , Insler V. 
Published: December 2009

Observation of women who underwent cerclage of the uterine cervix in pregnancy indicated that during the first 24 hours after operation a marked increase of the uterine size takes place.Since this feature came rather as a surprise, seventy one cases were studied carefully.
Correlation of Fetal Heart Rate Patterns with Umbilical Artery pH and Catecholamines During Last Hour of Labor
Authors: Bistoletti P. , Lagercrantz H. , Lunell N.‐O. 
Published: December 2009

Fetal heart rate (FHR) patterns were analysed during last hour of labour and correlated to umbilical artery pH and catecholamine (CA) levels. Fetuses with pathological FHR had significantly higher levels of CA than those with normal FHR. Particulary high levels were found in fetuses with bradycardia and late decelerations.FHR was further analysed by a computer (DPAC, data processor and computer) in 100 women during last hour of labor. No correlation between deceleration areas or variability and umbilical artery pH and CA was found. It is concluded that although there is a good correlation between the general FHR‐pattern and umbilical artery CA and pH it is impossible to quantify the degree of fetal distress by calculation of deceleration areas and variability.
Controlled Sodium Bicarbonate Infusion and Maternal Acid‐Base Balance During Labor
Authors: Ron‐El Raphael , Caspi Eliahu , Modai David 
Published: December 2009

The effects of a controlled sodium bicarbonate (S.B.) infusion on the acid‐base balance of primiparas in normal labor and delivery were studied and compared to a similar control group of primiparas without S.B. infusion. Beginning at 6 cm cervical dilatation, 2mEq of S.B./kg of total body weight were infused to patients in the study until full cervical dilatation. The dosage given to this group emerged from a study of base deficit dynamics and space distribution of S.B. in a control group of patients during labor and delivery.Significant variations in pH, base excess, and plasma bicarbonate were observed, beginning 44±19 minutes after the S.B. infusion. These variations in acid‐base parameters persisted for 10 minutes following delivery.While no adverse effects were observed in our patients, this experimental design represents a preliminary approach toward correcting deleterious fetal acid‐base variations during labor and delivery.
Treatment with oral estrone sulphate in the female climacteric: II. Hormonal aspects
Authors: Lagrelius A. , Carlström K. , Lunell N. O. 
Published: December 2009

Of forty‐three perimenopausal women aged 40.1–56.5 years with climacteric complaints 25 were treated with sodium piperazine estrone sulphate 2.5 mg daily and 18 were given methyl scopolamine. All subjects had initial serum FSH levels in the postmenopausal range (20 U/l). The serum levels of FSH, LH, unconjugated immunoreactive estrogens, total estrone, total dehydroepiandrosterone (DHAS), and the urinary low polar estrogens were followed during 18 months of treatment. In the estrogen treated group serum unconjugated immunoreactive estrogens and total estrone as well as urinary low polar estrogens increased significantly during treatment. The serum levels of FSH decreased significantly during the whole test period; LH only at three months. No effects could be seen on serum DHAS. In the group given methyl scopolamine the only changes found were a decrease in FSH at three months and a positive trend for LH (during the whole treatment period). In the total material, positive correlations were found between pretreatment values of unconjugated immunoreactive estrogens and total estrone and between total estrone and DHAS. A negative correlation was found between unconjugated immunoreactive estrogens and FSH.It is concluded that the effects of estrogens on the endocrine system in peri‐ and postmenopausal women are influenced by chemical structure, dosage and mode of administration of the estrogen as well as by the endogenous hormone profile.
PLASMA AND RED CELL FOLATE IN NEWBORN TWINS AND THEIR MOTHERS IN RELATION TO GESTATIONAL AGE
Authors: Ek Johan 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Plasma and red blood cell folate concentrations (Lactobacillus casei activity) have been studied in 56 newborn twins and in 26 of their mothers, and in a control group consisting of 186 singletons and 155 of their mothers. The duration of the pregnancies ranged from 30–40 weeks. Iron, but no folic acid supplementation was given during pregnancy.The plasma and red cell folate concentrations in the twin mothers were at all stages of pregnancy similar to those observed in women with single pregnancies having an adequate folate intake. The twins had plasma folate concentrations similar to singletons at all gestational ages. Their red cell folate concentrations were lower than in singletons until 37 weeks of gestation, while the values were similar at term, indicating an increased transfer of folate to the twins during the last week of pregnancy. The smaller of the twins had similar plasma folate concentrations and lower red cell folate concentrations compared to the bigger one. At 30–32 weeks of pregnancy twin mothers had lower Hb, RBC and VPRC‐values than women with single pregnancies. Twin mothers, delivering at 38–40 weeks of pregnancy, had values corresponding to those of single pregnancy women, probably indicating a recovery from a physiological lowering of the blood values. The twins had similar Hb, lower RBC and higher MCV and reticulocyte values compared to singletons, possibly indicating a more active erythropoiesis in the twins.Folic acid supplementation is not recommended as a routine in twin pregnancies in this population. Twins delivered before term should be ensured an adequate folate intake.
A NEW VAGINAL OPERATION FOR RECURRENT AND LARGE RECTOCELE USING DERMIS TRANSPLANT
Authors: Øster Solveig , Astrup Aage 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. A new operation for large rectocele is described. The operation combines the method of posterior colporrhaphy with the principles of ventral hernia surgery using a submucosal dermis graft to reinforce the vaginal wall.Fifteen postmenopausal women were examined one to four years after treatment for rectocele with this method.All fifteen patients were cured of their symptoms. Only in one case was the anatomical result less perfect.On proper indications this operation is a good alternative to the existing methods of treating rectocele.The method is not difficult to perform for the surgeon familiar with colporrhaphy, and the operation it no more onerous for the patient than is a simple colporrhaphy.
Severe Cervical Dysplasia: Control by Biopsies or Primary Conization? A Comparative Study
Authors: Westergaard Lars , Nørgaard Mogens 
Published: December 2009

During the period 1967–75 severe cervical dysplasia was diagnosed in 87 consecutive cases by means of colposcopically directed biopsies of the portio and by cervical curettage. Thirty‐eight of the patients were treated, 3–6 weeks after diagnostic biopsy, by conization (conization group) and subsequently followed with smears and colposcopy. The remaining 49 patients (the biopsy group) were followed up at regular intervals by colposcopically directed biopsies of the portio and cervical curettage. The follow‐up period for all 87 patients ranged from 9 to 106 months, mean 47.6 months. The groups were comparable with respect to the most important epidemiological factors.During the follow‐up period progression to carcinoma in situ and to microinvasive carcinoma was found in 57.1% of the biopsy group but in 0% of the conization group. Of the whole material, 69 patients had conization (the 38 patients of the conization group plus 31 of the biopsy group). In 3 cases (4.35%) the cone diagnosis was 1 grade more serious than the biopsy diagnosis. The mean transit time of progression from severe dysplasia to CIS/MIC was 12–15 months.It is concluded that severe dysplasia is a rapidly progressing state which can be safely diagnosed by colposcopically directed biopsies of the portio and cervical curettage and effectively treated by conization. In view of the fact that not less than 32.7% of the cases with severe dysplasia in the biopsy group regressed during follow‐up, we recommend that the diagnosis be established by portio biopsies and cervical curettage, twice with an interval of 3 months to restrict the number of superfluous conizations.
Hormonal and Cytotoxic Chemotherapy for Endometrial Carcinoma: Steroid receptors in the selection of appropriate therapy
Authors: Kauppila Antti , Friberg Lars‐Gösta 
Published: December 2009

Progestin therapy yields an objective remission in about one‐third of patients with advanced endometrial carcinoma. Cytotoxic chemotherapy has also clearly proved effective in recent years, and anti‐estrogen therapy to an indicative degree. It is remarkable that both these therapies appear to exert their anti‐neoplastic effect even in patients unresponsive to progestin.A survey of current knowledge on estrogen (ER) and progestin receptors (PR) demonstrates that they are present simultaneously in 41 ‐ 80% of samples of endometrial carcinoma tissue. The concentration of cytosol ER and PR tends to decrease from well differentiated towards anaplastic carcinomas. This indirect evidence, together with some preliminary clinical observations, suggests that an absence or low concentration of ER and/or PR is suggestive of a poor prognosis.It is thought that an assay of ER and PR might be of value in predicting the response to chemotherapy in endometrial carcinoma, such as in breast carcinoma. This does indeed seem to be the case, as at least four independent clinical studies have to date confirmed that significant amounts of cytosol ER alone, and especially cytosol PR alone, or both together, in the tumor tissue can predict with reasonable accuracy a good sensitivity to progestin. In like manner, a low cytosol concentration of these steroid receptors appears to predict a good response to cytotoxic chemotherapy, as demonstrated in one study.Progestin and anti‐estrogen exert their anti‐neoplastic effect via an operative receptor mechanism in different ways, whereas cytotoxic chemotherapy acts by means not involving steroid receptors. It is therefore likely that a detailed characterization of the endocrine relations of the tumor by precise assay of ER and PR from the cytosol and nuclear fractions, together with determination of the end‐product of progestin action, 17β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, will further enhance the accuracy of individual a priori selection of the most efficacious chemotherapy available.
Randomized Prospective Studies on Metabolic Effects of Oral Contraceptives
Authors: Briggs M. H. , Briggs Maxine 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The results of two randomized prospective studies on metabolic changes induced in groups of healthy Young women by commercial oral contraceptives (OC) are described. In the first study, four low‐estrogen (30 μg or 35 μg ethinylestradiol) combined products were compared, while in the second, effects of four different formulations, each containing levonorgestrel plus ethinylestradiol, were determined. Results are presented for oral glucose tolerance and plasma insulin responses, serum total cholesterol, HDL‐cholesterol, triglycerides, coagulation factors I, VII, VIII, and X, plasminogen, anti‐thrombin III, and (for study no. two only) renin activity, substrate, and concentration. In the first study, products containing norethisterone or ethynodiol diacetate were associated with significant increases in serum triglycerides and total cholesterol, though HDL cholesterol fell. Coagulation and fibrinolytic factors showed similar changes. The product containing levonorgestrel showed the smallest alteration in all tests.In study 2, the effects of formulation were investigated. Most tests showed changes approximately in proportion to the dose of both steroidal components, though the estrogen appeared to exert the most pronounced effect. Minimal alterations in most tests occurred in women using the lowest fixed dose formulation (150 μg levonorgestrel + 30 μg ethinylestradiol), or the triphasic product. Significant effects on the renin system were seen with all four formulations; again, the two lowest dose preparations produced the smallest changes.Most of the biochemical changes observed were established during the first few cycles of oral contraceptive treatment, then remained approximately constant to the end of the present study periods. The effects appear to be determined by the estrogen and progestogen doses of the various products, and to interactions between the two hormones.
Use of β‐Receptor Agonists in Obstetrics
Authors: Ingemarsson Ingemar 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Modern β‐receptor agonists are potent inhibitors of uterine activity, both spontaneous and induced, and there are several indications for therapy, such as preterm labor, abnormal uterine activity during labor (with or without concomitant fetal distress), complicated cesarean sections, and others.In recent years the widespread use of β‐receptor agonists for preterm labor has been criticized and the efficacy of these drugs has been questioned, since the rate of preterm deliveries (before week 37) has remained unchanged. However, an analysis of preterm births in Sweden from 1973 to 1979 shows that the number of both preterm births before week 32 and of infants with birthweight below 1 500 g is declining, which is more interesting in terms of fetal outcome than is the crude preterm figure (before week 37). The introduction of routine use of β‐receptor agonists for preterm labor coincides with this decrease.It is concluded that these drugs can be of great value in many obstetrical situations.
Ethinylestradiol and a New Progestogen (Desogestrel) in a Low‐Dose Combination
Authors: Cullberg Göran , Knutsson Folke , Lindstedt Göran , Mattsson Lars‐Åke , Steffensen Kjeld 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. A combination of 30 μg ethinylestradiol (17α‐ethynyl‐1,3,5(10)‐estratriene‐3,17β‐diol) and 150 μg desogestrel (Org 2969, 17α‐ethynyl‐18‐methyl‐11‐methylene‐4‐estrene‐17β‐ol) was given for 21 days through three consecutive cycles to 5 healthy female volunteers. A detailed study was made in the cycle immediately preceding (‘control’) and the one following the treatment as well as of the first and third treatment cycles. Serum FSH, LH, prolactin, 17β‐estradiol and progesterone were measured by radioimmunoassay. Serum sex‐hormone binding globulin (SHBG) was assayed as dihydrotestosterone binding capacity by the cellulose anion‐exchanger adsorption technique. Cervical mucus was studied with respect to sperm penetration and Spinnbarkeit. Basal body temperature as well as menstrual and intermenstrual bleedings were recorded.All ten treatment cycles appeared to be anovulatory, in contrast to the control and post‐treatment cycles. Sperm penetration was very weak during treatment, whereas Spinnbarkeit was less suppressed. The SHBG capacity increased about fivefold. The mean duration of the follicular phase of the post‐treatment cycle was slightly longer and that of the luteal phase slightly shorter than in the pretreatment cycle. No evidence was obtained for adverse effects on the secretion of gonadotropins, prolactin, or the main gonadal steroids after withdrawal of treatment. The observed differences in preovulatory concentration of 17β estradiol between the control and post‐treatment cycles may be ascribed to differences in SHBG capacity. Some previously undescribed hormonal findings in the follicular phase of the post‐treatment cycle are discussed.There was a negative relation between serum SHBG capacity and body weight at the initiation of the study. The 2 volunteers with heaviest body weight and lowest SHBG capacity decreased 9 and 10 kg, respectively, whereas the body weight of the other 3 volunteers remained essentially unchanged during treatment.Endometrial morphology was also studied; it was highly variable between the subjects.
Invasive Cancer in the Vulvar Region
Authors: Andreasson Benny , Bock Johannes E. , Weberg Edgar 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. During the past 25 years there has been a tenfold increase in the incidence of vulvar cancer in Denmark. For this reason a material of 195 patients treated during the period 1960–77 is reviewed.There had been a considerable delay in treatment, due partly to the patients and partly to the doctor first seen.The five‐year survival rate was 63.3%, corrected 84.2%. The prognosis is highly influenced by the size of the tumor, its appearance, the presence of unilateral or bilateral metastasization to the inguinal nodes, the histological type, and localization of the tumor. On the basis of these features, it is possible to single out groups having a particularly poor prognosis in whom the surgical treatment is insufficient and ought to be supplemented.Clinical assessment of the inguinal lymph nodes carries a considerable uncertainty, yet the FIGO staging is based mainly upon this assessment. This goes some way towards explaining why no prognostic differences were found between stages I, II, and III.Postoperative staging based upon the histological diagnosis would provide greater prognostic certainty.
Peripheral and Ovarian Venous Concentrations of Gonadal Steroids and CEA in Women with Ovarian Tumors
Authors: Jeppsson Sten , Kullander Stig , Rannevik Gunnar 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. In an effort to improve our knowledge of certain marker substances in human ovarian neoplastic diseases (both benign and malignant) 12 patients with ovarian tumors were studied. Ten of these were postmenopausal.Venous blood was drawn simultaneously from both ovarian veins and a cubital vein by direct puncture during laparotomy. In cystic tumors, cyst fluid was also collected. 17β‐estradiol and progesterone were analyzed in all samples, as were FSH, LH, and CEA in peripheral venous blood and cyst fluid.Owing to the physiological variation of gonadal steroid levels in premenopausal women, abnormal production of steroids from the tumors could be detected only in postmenopausal women. The study showed that 4 out of 6 postmenopausal women with benign ovarian tumors had abnormally high peripheral blood levels of estradiol and progesterone emanating from the ovaries harboring the tumors. All 4 postmenopausal women with malignant tumors likewise had an abnormally high production of estradiol, and usually also of progesterone.High concentrations of estradiol were seen in tumorous ovarian venous blood in one patient in spite of normal concentrations in peripheral venous blood.Various histological types of tumor could produce similar hormonal profiles.One case out of 6 of benign ovarian tumor and 2 cases out of 6 of malignant ovarian tumor showed elevated levels of CEA in the peripheral blood. One benign serous and 2 benign mucinous cystomas had elevated CEA values in the cyst fluid.This preliminary report demonstrates that 8 out of 10 postmenopausal women with ovarian tumors had an abnormal production of gonadal steroids.The determining of gonadal steroids and other marker substances in ovarian venous blood sampled, i.e. during angio‐catheterization, might improve the early detection of ovarian tumors. Relevant studies are in progress.
Neoplasia in the Vagina Following Hysterectomy for Dysplasia or Carcinoma in Situ of the Uterine Cervix
Authors: Rasmussen Jan , Diernaes Elisabeth 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. With a view to establishing some of the factors responsible for an increased risk of neoplasia in the vagina following primary hysterectomy for dysplasia or carcinoma in situ of the cervix, 63 surgical specimens from patients with subsequent neoplasia in the vagina have been compared with specimens from 40 patients without subsequent neoplasia.We found the frequency of neoplasia in the vagina to be greater when dysplasia or carcinoma in situ could be demonstrated in the vaginal margin. Neither the degree of endo‐cervical glandular involvement, the number of mitoses, nor the inflammatory response of the connective tissue appeared to be significant in this respect.No significant connection was found between the severity of the preinvasive lesion of the cervix and the subsequent neoplasia in the vagina.