bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wie aus Zwergen Riesen wurden. Eine kurze Geschichte der Dinosaurier Argentiniens
Authors: Hardt Thorolf , Herkner Bernd 
Published: February 2011

AbstractDinosaurier begeistern uns! Wir stellen uns gerne vor, wie die Riesenechsen aussahen, wie sie sich bewegten, was sie fraßen und auch, wie sie miteinander kämpften. Vor allem die Giganten unter ihnen genießen unsere besondere Aufmerksamkeit – riesige pflanzenfressende Langhalssaurier und die furchterregenden Raubsaurier. Argentinien bietet für die Rekonstruktion der Dinosaurier‐Erfolgsgeschichte und insbesondere des Riesenwuchses traumhafte Bedingungen: Aus allen drei Zeitepochen des Erdmittelalters – Trias, Jura und Kreide – findet man dort Fossilien der Echsen. Ein potenzieller Vorfahre – ein Archosaurier – war gerade so groß wie ein Huhn. Eoraptor, der momentan älteste Dinosaurier, erreichte die Größe eines kleinen Hundes. Argentinosaurus huinculensis aus der Kreidezeit dagegen war knapp 40 Meter lang und 80 Tonnen schwer.
Das Oligozän. Subtropisches Leben in einem langen, schmalen Meer
Authors: Prinz‐Grimm Peter 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObwohl eine generelle globale Abkühlung im Verlauf des Oligozäns nachgewiesen werden kann, herrscht in Mitteleuropa, bedingt durch die folgenden plattentektonischen Verschiebungen, noch ein subtropisches Klima. Zum letzten Mal besteht eine direkte Meeresverbindung zwischen der Nordsee und dem Mittelmeer. Diese Senke durch das Oberrheintal ist ebenso wie das nordalpine Molassebecken eine Konsequenz der Alpenfaltung. Die Lebewesen in diesen Niederungen sind gegenwärtigen subtropischen Ökosystemen ziemlich ähnlich.
Was wissen wir über genetische Variation in menschlichen Populationen?
Authors: Englbrecht Claudia , Tautz Diethard 
Published: February 2011

AbstractDie Debatte um den Autor Thilo Sarrazin und sein Buch “Deutschland schafft sich ab” zeigte vor allem eines: einen großen Informationsbedarf zum aktuellen Stand der wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse. Wie viel genetische Variation gibt es im modernen Menschen und wie ist diese genetische Variation verteilt? Können Gruppen innerhalb der globalen Population unterschieden werden? Wenn ja, warum ist genetische Variation unterschiedlich verteilt? Und schließlich, warum sind die Antworten zu diesen Fragen überhaupt interessant oder wichtig?
Volumenmessung mit Kolbenhubpipetten
Authors: Schrödel Andrea 
Published: February 2011

AbstractEine präzise Volumenmessung ist Voraussetzung für optimale Versuchsergebnisse. Verschiedene Anwendungen erfordern die Benutzung verschiedener Pipettenarten und verschiedener Pipettiermethoden. Für das Messen von geringen Volumen werden in biochemisch arbeitenden Laboren Kolbenhubpipetten mit Einwegpipettenspitzen eingesetzt. Doch misst die Pipette auch so, wie sie soll?
Nachrichten des Verbandes Biologie, Biowissenschaften & Biomedizin in Deutschland
Authors: Blessing Karin 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAus den FachgesellschaftenGesellschaft für Technische Biologie und Bionik 20Wissenschaft und GesellschaftDauerbrenner Gentechnikgesetz 21Aus den LandesverbändenNRW: Biologentag 2010 21Bayern
Photocatalytic Degradation of a Gaseous Benzene‐Toluene Mixture in a Circulated Photocatalytic Reactor
Authors: Geng Q. , Chen N. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA circulated photocatalytic reactor (CPCR) was designed to enhance performance of the photocatalytic degradation of a gaseous mixture of aromatic volatile organic compounds (VOC) consisting of benzene and toluene in this study. The TiO2 film photocatalysts, characterized by FTIR and SEM, were prepared using the sol‐gel method in low temperature and coating onto the inner wall of this reactor by bonder of poly‐(2,2‐dimethyl)‐acrylic ethylene ester emulsion. The influences of the initial concentration and proportions of the mixture of toluene and benzene on the adsorption efficiency (Ai), degradation efficiency (Di), half‐life (t1/2), and deactivation and regeneration of catalyst in the CPCR were investigated. The results indicated that the adsorption efficiency, degradation efficiency, and half‐life were closely correlated to the initial concentrations of the mixture of toluene and benzene. The adsorption characteristics and kinetics of the photocatalytic degradation of the mixture were obtained based on the Langmuir‐Hinshelwood kinetic model. Furthermore, a series of new equations were developed. Finally, the reaction kinetics of the photocatalytic degradation of gaseous benzene or toluene in the CPCR was influenced by the interaction between benzene and toluene molecules.
Renal Dysfunction in Heart Failure Is Due to Congestion but Not Low Output
Authors: Guglin Maya , Rivero Abel , Matar Fadi , Garcia Marcos 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackgroundRenal dysfunction in heart failure is thought to be due to poor perfusion of the kidney.HypothesisWe tested the hypothesis that passive congestion is more important than poor perfusion.MethodsWe retrospectively studied the data on 178 patients who underwent right heart catheterization for evaluation of heart failure and had serum creatinine (Cr) measured on the same day.ResultsSerum Cr and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) correlated with central venous pressure (r = 0.22, P = 0.001 and r = −0.55, P < 0.0001, respectively) and renal perfusion pressure (r = 0.21, P = 0.001 and r = 0.27, P = 0.015, respectively). Neither correlated with cardiac index or left ventricular ejection fraction. Serum Cr was significantly higher and GFR was significantly lower in the upper tertile of central venous pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure as well as in the lower tertile of renal perfusion pressure.ConclusionsRenal dysfunction in heart failure is determined more by passive congestion than by low perfusion. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
STEMI Patients—The More You Bleed, the More You Die: A Comparison Between Classifications
Authors: Valente Serafina , Lazzeri Chiara , Chiostri Marco , Osmanagaj Lusinda , Giglioli Cristina , Gensini Gian Franco 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackgroundIn patients with acute coronary syndromes, an increase in hemorrhagic complications has been observed, and bleeding is now the most frequent noncardiac complication in these patients. Clinical trials and registries have used different scales to classify the severity of bleeding; so far, none of them has been developed for ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients in the era of primary percutaneous coronary intervention.MethodsWe analyzed data from our Intensive Cardiac Care Florence STEMI Registry, comprising 991 STEMI patients consecutively admitted to our intensive cardiac care unit after mechanical revascularization, to assess the clinical impact of both Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) and Acute Catheterization and Urgent Intervention Triage Strategy (ACUITY) classifications in identifying patients with major bleeding at higher risk for in‐hospital mortality.ResultsMajor bleeding events occurred in 8.9% of patients (88/991) in the TIMI classification and in 17.2% of patients (170/991) in the ACUITY classification. Among patients with major bleeding classified according to ACUITY, 82 patients did not meet the TIMI criteria for major bleeding. These patients represent the so‐called gray zone, where no transfusion was performed and only 1 patient died.ConclusionsIn STEMI patients who undergo primary percutaneous coronary intervention and receive dual antiplatelet therapy, TIMI is more capable than ACUITY in identifying patients with major bleeding at higher risk for early mortality. The presence of renal failure represents an independent predictor for major bleeding. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Familial Recurrent Atrial Myxoma: Carney's Complex
Authors: Nagesh Shetty Roy A. , Radin Michael , Sarabi Dennis , Shaoulian Emanuel 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe report on a family of 4 members, all of whom have had multifocal, recurrent atrial myxomas associated with skin pigmentation, melanotic schwannomas, mucocutaneous myxomas, and tumors of the ovary and pituitary, adrenal, and thyroid glands. Immunochemistry of the myxoma cells is positive for calretinin, confirming their neuroendocrine origin. Genetic studies confirmed mutations in the gene coding protein kinase A, regulatory subunit 1‐α (PRKAR1α). This is Carney's complex, characterized by multiple, mucocutaneous myxomas; pigmented lesions over the lips, conjunctiva, and genitalia; adenomas of the breast and thyroid; schwannomas; and endocrinal abnormalities including Cushing syndrome and acromegaly. Members of the family require vigorous screening, including urinary free cortisol, plasma transforming growth factor‐β1 and thyrotropin‐releasing hormone, testicular ultrasound, routine echocardiographic screening, searches for cardiac and mucocutaneous myxomas in multiple locations, and genetic studies for the PRKAR1α gene sequence. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Left Atrial Volume Index Over Late Diastolic Mitral Annulus Velocity (LAVi/A′) Is a Useful Echo Index to Identify Advanced Diastolic Dysfunction and Predict Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Park Hun‐Jun , Jung Hae Ok , Min Jinsoo , Park Mahn Won , Park Chan Seok , Shin Dong Il , Shin Woo‐Seung , Kim Pum Joon , Youn Ho‐Joong , Seung Ki‐Bae 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackgroundCombined interpretation of late diastolic mitral annulus velocity (A′) with left atrial volume index (LAVi) may have additional benefits in the assessment of diastolic dysfunction.HypothesisThe LAVi/A′ ratio may be useful in the identifying advanced diastolic dysfunction (ADD) and predicting clinical outcomes in patients with dyspnea.MethodsWe enrolled 395 consecutive patients hospitalized with dyspnea (New York Heart Association class II–IV) and performed transthoracic Doppler echocardiography and B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) measurement. LAVi/A′ values were evaluated in terms of diagnosing ADD and predicting clinical outcome.ResultsOn the receiver operation characteristic curve analysis for the determination of ADD, the area under the curves of LAVi/A′ in the entire population was comparable to those of BNP (0.94 vs 0.93, P = 0.845) and mitral E/E′ (0.94 vs 0.93, P = 0.614) and higher than that of LAVi (0.94 vs 0.87; P = 0.014). A LAVi/A′ of 4.0 was the best cut‐off value to identify ADD. During a median follow‐up of 31.9 months (range, 0.3 to 45.7 months), the group with LAVi/A′ ≥4.0 had a higher incidence of primary composite outcomes (cardiac death and/or rehospitalization for heart failure) than the group with LAVi/A′<4.0 (25.0% vs 3.3%, P < 0.001). LAVi/A′ ≥4.0 was an independent predictor of clinical outcomes (odds ratio, 3.245; 95% confidence interval, 1.386–7.598; P = 0.007).ConclusionsAs a new echo index, LAVi/A′ is a useful parameter to identify ADD and predict clinical outcomes in patients with dyspnea. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
The Effects of Statin Monotherapy and Low‐Dose Statin/Ezetimibe on Lipoprotein‐Associated Phospholipase A2
Authors: Lee Sang‐Hak , Kang Seok‐Min , Park Sungha , Jang Yangsoo , Chung Namsik , Choi Donghoon 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackgroundMany of the pleiotropic effects of statins remain to be elucidated.HypothesisDifferent statin regimens with similar lipid‐lowering efficacy may have different effects on biomarkers of atherothrombosis including lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2 (Lp‐PLA2).MethodsAfter a 4‐week dietary lead‐in, 82 hypercholesterolemic patients were randomized to 1 of 2 treatment groups: atorvastatin 20 mg or atorvastatin/ezetimibe 5 mg/5 mg. After 8 weeks of drug treatment, the groups were compared for percent change in lipid parameters, Lp‐PLA2, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, and fibrinogen.ResultsLow‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) lowering was comparable between the 2 groups (−47% ± 11% and −49% ± 7% in the atorvastatin and combination groups, respectively). Although Lp‐PLA2 was reduced in both groups, the reduction was greater in the atorvastatin group (−42% and −9% [median], respectively, P = 0.03). Although IL‐6 was decreased only in the atorvastatin group, IL‐6 changes were not significantly different between the 2 groups. The changes in monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 and fibrinogen were similar in each group.ConclusionsAtorvastatin monotherapy was stronger at reducing plasma Lp‐PLA2 than the low‐dose atorvastatin/ezetimibe combination after equivalent LDL‐C lowering. This result may provide evidence of potential statin effects beyond the lowering of LDL‐C. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.This study was supported by a grant from the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea (A000385), a grant of the Seoul R&BD Program, Republic of Korea (10526), and a grant of the Korean Healthcare Technology R&D Project, Ministry for Health, Welfare & Family Affairs, Republic of Korea (A085136). The authors have no other funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Impact of Preprocedural High‐Sensitivity C‐Reactive Protein Levels on Uncovered Stent Struts: An Optical Coherence Tomography Study After Drug‐Eluting Stent Implantation
Authors: Kim Byeong‐Keuk , Kim Jung‐Sun , Oh Changmyung , Ko Young‐Guk , Choi Donghoon , Jang Yangsoo , Hong Myeong‐Ki 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackgroundThere are no sufficient data to evaluate the relationship between high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) and uncovered stent struts on optical coherence tomography (OCT) after drug‐eluting stent (DES) implantation.HypothesisWe evaluated the relationship between the preprocedural level of hs‐CRP and incomplete neointimal coverage of DES struts on OCT.MethodsThis study was conducted using 124 eligible patients (132 lesions) treated with sirolimus‐eluting stents (SES) or zotarolimus‐eluting stents (ZES). The subjects were divided into 2 groups based on the preprocedural hs‐CRP level: high‐CRP (≥3 mg/L; 58 lesions) and normal‐CRP (<3 mg/L, 74 lesions) groups. The percentage of uncovered struts, calculated as the ratio of uncovered struts to total struts in all OCT cross‐sections, was compared between the 2 groups according to initial clinical presentation (stable angina [SA] vs acute coronary syndrome) and the type of implanted DES (SES vs ZES).ResultsThere was no significant correlation between hs‐CRP and the percentage of uncovered struts on OCT in all enrolled lesions. In the SA subgroup, the percentage of uncovered struts was significantly higher in the high‐CRP group than in the normal‐CRP group (8.1 ± 11.6% vs 3.8 ± 7.9%, P = 0.018). There was significant correlation between hs‐CRP level and the percentage of uncovered struts in SA patients with SES (r = 0.280, P = 0.039), but not ZES (r = − 0.063, P = 0.729).ConclusionsPreprocedural hs‐CRP level could affect incomplete neointimal coverage of struts after DES implantation depending on the initial clinical presentation and the type of implanted DES. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.This study was partly supported by grants from the Korea Healthcare Technology R&D Project, Ministry for Health, Welfare & Family Affairs, Republic of Korea (No. A085012 and A102064), the Korea Health 21 R&D Project, Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea (No. A085136), and the Cardiovascular Research Center, Seoul, Korea. The authors have no other funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Myocardial Infarction in a Patient With Down Syndrome: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Raina Tushar , McGrath Emmet , Gunn Julian 
Published: February 2011

AbstractCoronary artery disease and myocardial infarctions are believed to be rare in patients with Down's syndrome. Congenital heart malformations are frequently seen in children born with the syndrome and may represent a substrate for coronary artery embolism in later life. We report a case of myocardial infarction in a patient with Down's syndrome and present a review of the literature. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.
Association of Warfarin Use With Valvular and Vascular Calcification: A Review
Authors: Palaniswamy Chandrasekar , Sekhri Arunabh , Aronow Wilbert S. , Kalra Ankur , Peterson Stephen J. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractVitamin K is required for the activity of various biologically active proteins in our body. Apart from clotting factors, vitamin K–dependent proteins include regulatory proteins like protein C, protein S, protein Z, osteocalcin, growth arrest‐specific gene 6 protein, and matrix Gla protein. Glutamic acid residues in matrix Gla protein are γ‐carboxylated by vitamin K–dependent γ‐carboxylase, which enables it to inhibit calcification. Warfarin, being a vitamin K antagonist, inhibits this process, and has been associated with calcification in various animal and human studies. Though no specific guidelines are currently available to prevent or treat this less‐recognized side effect, discontinuing warfarin and using an alternative anticoagulant seems to be a reasonable option. Newer anticoagulants such as dabigatran and rivaroxaban offer promise as future therapeutic options in such cases. Drugs including statins, alendronate, osteoprotegerin, and vitamin K are currently under study as therapies to prevent or treat warfarin‐associated calcification. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Ion Channel Therapy of Ischemic Heart Disease: From Calcium Channel Blockers to Late Sodium Current Inhibition
Authors: Richard Conti C. 
Published: February 2011

Abstractmagnified image What is summarized below relates to the clinical usefulness of various ion channel antagonists reviewed by a clinical cardiologist, not a basic scientist working on ion channel biology. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Convergent Synthesis of Polynitrile and/or Polyamine Dendrimers through Hydroaminomethylation and Michael Addition
Authors: Beigi Maryam , Ricken Stefan , Müller Kai Sven , Koç Fikret , Eilbracht Peter 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA general concept for a versatile convergent synthesis ofpolynitrile and/or polyamine dendrimers has been developed by applying Vögtle's procedure in combination with thetandem hydroformylation/reductive amination sequence, known as hydroaminomethylation. In this approach, first Vögtle's procedure is used to generate the desired dendron, which can then be attached to different types of polyfunctionalized cores (e.g., polyamine, polyhalide, or polyolefin cores) to provide the desired globular architecture. This method can be used as a general procedure for the synthesis of dendrimers with designed shell and core properties as shown by the examples presented.
Analytical modeling of heat convection in magnetized micropolar fluid by using modified differential transform method
Authors: Rashidi M.M. , Laraqi N. , Basiri Parsa A. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn this study, a new analytical method (DTM‐Padé) and the numerical method (by using a fourth‐order RungeBKutta and shooting method) were compared to solve convective heat transfer for a micropolar fluid in the presence of uniform magnetic field. It was shown that the differential transform method (DTM) solutions are only valid for small values of independent variables; therefore the DTM is not applicable for solving magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) boundary‐layer equations. The new method (DTM‐Padé) has removed this problem. Numerical comparisons between the DTM‐Padé and the numerical method revealed that the new method is a powerful method for solving MHD boundary‐layer equations. Finally, the analytical and numerical solutions of the problem for different values of the dimensionless parameters are shown simultaneously. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20337
Considering PTSD from the perspective of brain processes: A psychological construction approach
Authors: Suvak Michael K. , Barrett Lisa Feldman 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex psychiatric disorder that involves symptoms from various domains that appear to be produced by the combination of several mechanisms. The authors contend that existing neural accounts fail to provide a viable model that explains the emergence and maintenance of PTSD and the associated heterogeneity in the expression of this disorder (cf. Garfinkel & Liberzon, 2009). They introduce a psychological construction approach as a novel framework to probe the brain basis of PTSD, where distributed networks within the human brain are thought to correspond to the basic psychological ingredients of the mind. The authors posit that it is the combination of these ingredients that produces the heterogeneous symptom clusters in PTSD. Their goal is show that a constructionist approach has significant heuristic value in understanding the emergence and maintenance of PTSD symptoms, and leads to different and perhaps more useful conjectures about the origins and maintenance of the syndrome than the traditional hyperreactive fear account.
The comparison of various ventilation modes and the association of risk factors with CO2 retention during suspension laryngoscopy
Authors: Tang Fang , Li Shao‐Qing , Chen Lian‐Hua , Miao Chang‐Hong 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To compare the effectiveness of various ventilation modes during suspension laryngoscopy and to investigate risk factors associated with CO2 retention in high‐frequency jet ventilation (HFJV).Study Design:Part I: Randomized controlled study; Part II: Outcomes research.Methods:In Part I, saturation of peripheral oxygen, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), and pH were recorded in different ventilation modes in 60 patients. All subjects were randomly divided into four groups. Three groups received different jet ventilations through a catheter inserted transnasally, and one group had tracheal intubation and received intermittent positive pressure ventilation. In Part II, 59 patients received jet ventilation with a fixed rate; CO2 retention and its potential risk factors were analyzed. Data were collected at the following time points: preinduction (T0), anesthesia induction (T1), laryngoscopic operation (T2), 10 minutes after the initiation of ventilation (T3), extubation (T4), and 10 minutes after extubation (T5).Results:In Part I, mean arterial pressure (MAP) increased and heart rate decreased significantly during T2 (P < .01), MAP and heart rate increased significantly during T4 (P < .01), and PaCO2 increased and pH decreased significantly in T3 and T5 (P < .01) in all four groups. Using logistic regression analysis of results from Part II, it was determined that in males, the combination of higher weight, lower height, and body mass index values greater than 25.224 was closely associated with CO2 retention.Conclusions:During suspension laryngoscopy surgery, HFJV at 60 beats per minute through a thin transnasal catheter provides adequate ventilation as well as an excellent surgical view. A body mass index of more than 25.224 is the main risk factor for CO2 retention. Laryngoscope, 2011