bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of mineral lick visitation by spider monkeys and howler monkeys in Amazonia: are licks perceived as risky areas?
Authors: Link Andres , Galvis Nelson , Fleming Erin , Di Fiore Anthony 
Published: December 2010

AbstractMineral licks—also known as “salados,” “saladeros,” or “collpas”—are specific sites in tropical and temperate ecosystems where a large diversity of mammals and birds come regularly to feed on soil. Although the reasons for vertebrate geophagy are not completely understood, animals are argued to obtain a variety of nutritional and health benefits from the ingestion of soil at mineral licks. We studied the temporal patterns of mineral lick use by white‐bellied spider monkey (Ateles belzebuth) and red howler monkey (Alouatta seniculus) in a lowland rain forest in Amazonian Ecuador. Using camera and video traps at four different mineral licks, combined with behavioral follows of one group of spider monkeys, we documented rates of mineral lick visitation by both primate species and the relative frequency and intensity of mineral lick use by spider monkeys. On the basis of 1,612 days and 888 nights of mineral lick monitoring, we found that A. belzebuth and A. seniculus both visit mineral licks frequently throughout the year (on average ∼14% of days for both species), and mineral lick visitation was influenced by short‐term environmental conditions (e.g. sunny and dry weather). For spider monkeys, the area surrounding the lick was also the most frequently and most intensively used region within the group's home range. The fact that spider monkeys spent long periods at the lick area before coming to the ground to obtain soil, and the fact that both species visited the lick preferentially during dry sunny conditions (when predator detectability is presumed to be relatively high) and visited simultaneously more often than expected by chance, together suggest that licks are indeed perceived as risky areas by these primates. We suggest that howler and spider monkeys employ behavioral strategies aimed at minimizing the probability of predation while visiting the forest floor at risky mineral lick sites. Am. J. Primatol. 73:386–396, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The COMT Val158Met polymorphism affects the response to entacapone in Parkinson's disease: A randomized crossover clinical trial
Authors: Corvol Jean‐Christophe , Bonnet Cécilia , Charbonnier‐Beaupel Fanny , Bonnet Anne‐Marie , Fiévet Marie‐Hélène , Bellanger Agnès , Roze Emmanuel , Meliksetyan Gayané , Ben Djebara Mouna , Hartmann Andreas , Lacomblez Lucette , Vrignaud Cédric , Zahr Noël , Agid Yves , Costentin Jean , Hulot Jean‐Sébastien , Vidailhet Marie 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjectiveIn Parkinson disease (PD), the selective C‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor entacapone prolongs the effect of levodopa on motor symptoms (ON time) by increasing its bioavailability. The COMT Val158Met polymorphism is equally distributed in PD patients and modulates COMT activity, which can be high (Val/Val, COMTHH), intermediate (Val/Met, COMTHL), or low (Met/Met, COMTLL). The objective of this study was to determine the response to entacapone in COMTHH and COMTLL PD patients.MethodsThirty‐three PD patients, homozygous for the COMT alleles COMTHH (n = 17) and COMTLL (n = 16), were randomized in a double‐blind crossover trial consisting of 2 successive acute levodopa challenges associated with 200mg entacapone or placebo. The primary endpoint was the gain in the best ON time. Secondary endpoints were levodopa pharmacokinetics and COMT activity in red blood cells.ResultsThe gain in the best ON time was higher in COMTHH than in COMTLL patients (39 ± 10 vs 9 ± 9 minutes, p = 0.04, interaction between treatment and genotype). Area under the concentration over time curve of levodopa increased more after entacapone in COMTHH than in COMTLL patients (+62 ± 6% vs +34 ± 8%, p = 0.01). COMT inhibition by entacapone was higher in COMTHH than in COMTLL patients (−0.54 ± 0.07 vs −0.31 ± 0.06 pmol/min/mg protein, p = 0.02).InterpretationThe COMTHH genotype in PD patients enhances the effect of entacapone on the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of levodopa. The response to entacapone after repeated administrations and in heterozygous patients remains to be determined. ANN NEUROL 2011;;69:111–118.
Identification of two arginases generated by alternative splicing in the silkworm, Bombyx mori
Authors: Nagaoka Sumiharu , Takata Yuki , Kato Kumiko 
Published: December 2010

AbstractArginase (EC 3.5.3.1) catalyzes the hydrolysis of arginine to ornithine and urea. Here, we have cloned two arginase cDNAs from the silkworm, Bombyx mori. The analysis of exon/intron structures showed that the two mRNAs named bmarg‐r and bmarg‐f were generated from a single gene by alternative usage of exons. The bmarg‐r and bmarg‐f were predicted to encode almost the same amino acid sequences, except that the latter had additional ten N‐terminal residues. Recombinant bmARG‐r and bmARG‐f in Escherichia coli cell lysates were roughly similar to each other in enzymatic characteristics, which did not show large difference from those of arginases assayed by using tissue extracts. Differential RT‐PCR experiments and tissue distribution analyses of arginase activity indicated that the bmarg‐r gene is expressed in the male reproductive organs, especially in the glandula lacteola and vesicular seminalis, from which it is secreted to the seminal fluid and transferred to the female during copulation, whereas the bmarg‐f gene is expressed in the larval and adult nonreproductive organs including the fat body and muscle, where the produced arginase proteins are considered to stay in the cells. Thus, the two silkworm arginase isoforms may have a difference in whether or not the product is excreted out of the cells in which it is synthesized. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Letter 1: Randomized clinical trial of laparoscopic versus open left colonic resection (Br J Surg 2010; 97: 1180–1186)
Authors: Sarin A , Milsom J W , Shukla P J 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
The Editors welcome topical correspondence from readers relating to articles published in the Journal. Responses should be sent electronically via the BJS website (www.bjs.co.uk). All letters will be reviewed and, if approved, appear on the website. A selection of these will be edited and published in the Journal. Letters must be no more than 250 words in length.
Photolysis of Acetaldehyde in Air: CH4, CO and CO2Quantum Yields
Authors: Moortgat Geert K. , Meyrahn Horst , Warneck Peter 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe quantum yields for CO and CH4, formed in the photolysis of about 200 μmol mol−1of acetaldehyde in air at atmospheric pressure, were determined at 15 wavelengths in the range: 250–330 nm. The quantum yields for CO2were determined at nine wavelengths in the range: 250–315 nm. The products are mainly assigned to three primary processes: I) CH3CHO*→CH3+HCO, II) CH3CHO*→CH4+CO, III) CH3CHO*→CH3CO+H, with dissociation occurring from the initially populated S1singlet state of acetaldehyde. The pressure dependence of the quantum yields at wavelengths of 270, 304.4, and 313 nm exhibits a Stern–Volmer behavior in all cases. Collisional quenching is shown to deactivate the singlet state S1by pressure‐induced intersystem crossing to the neighboring triplet state, which is subsequently rapidly quenched by oxygen. Quenching coefficients as a function of excitation energy are obtained by comparison with literature data; the wavelength dependence of individual primary quantum yields is also derived. CO2quantum yields at 304.4 and 313 nm were found to increase with rising CH3CHO concentrations due to secondary reactions. The reaction mechanism responsible for this effect was explored by means of computer simulations.
Quantification of Photosensitized Singlet Oxygen Production by a Fluorescent Protein
Authors: Ragàs Xavier , Cooper Laurie P. , White John H. , Nonell Santi , Flors Cristina 
Published: December 2010

AbstractFluorescent proteins are increasingly becoming actuators in a range of cell biology techniques. One of those techniques is chromophore‐assisted laser inactivation (CALI), which is employed to specifically inactivate the function of target proteins or organelles by producing photochemical damage. CALI is achieved by the irradiation of dyes that are able to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). The combination of CALI and the labelling specificity that fluorescent proteins provide is useful to avoid uncontrolled photodamage, although the inactivation mechanisms by ROS are dependent on the fluorescent protein and are not fully understood. Herein, we present a quantitative study of the ability of the red fluorescent protein TagRFP to produce ROS, in particular singlet oxygen (1O2). TagRFP is able to photosensitize 1O2 with an estimated quantum yield of 0.004. This is the first estimation of a quantum yield of 1O2 production value for a GFP‐like protein. We also find that TagRFP has a short triplet lifetime compared to EGFP, which reflects relatively high oxygen accessibility to the chromophore. The insight into the structural and photophysical properties of TagRFP has implications in improving fluorescent proteins for fluorescence microscopy and CALI.
Environmental Implications of the Surfactant Effect on the Photochemistry of (Substituted) 4‐Chlorophenols in Water
Authors: Canevari Veronica , Fagnoni Maurizio , Bortolus Pietro , Albini Angelo 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe effect of surfactants (cationic, anionic, and nonionic) on the direct photochemistry of selected chlorophenol antimicrobials in aqueous solution has been investigated. The inclusion of the starting aromatics into micelles markedly directs the reaction towards a cleaner process (mainly photoreduction), contrasting with the variety of processes observed when the irradiation is carried out in neat water. This could have some implications from the environmental point of view because such paths may be significant in natural aquatic systems.
Expression and function of PD‐1 in human γδ T cells that recognize phosphoantigens
Authors: Iwasaki Masashi , Tanaka Yoshimasa , Kobayashi Hirohito , Murata‐Hirai Kaoru , Miyabe Hideto , Sugie Tomoharu , Toi Masakazu , Minato Nagahiro 
Published: December 2010

AbstractProgrammed cell death‐1 (PD‐1) is an inhibitory receptor and plays an important role in the regulation of αβ T cells. Little is known, however, about the role of PD‐1 in γδ T cells. In this study, we investigated the expression and function of PD‐1 in human γδ T cells. Expression of PD‐1 was rapidly induced in primary γδ T cells following antigenic stimulation, and the PD‐1+γδ T cells produced IL‐2. When PD‐1+γδ T cells were stimulated with Daudi cells with and without programmed cell death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) expression, the levels of IFN‐γ production and cytotoxicity in response to PD‐L1+Daudi cells were diminished compared to the levels seen in response to PD‐L1−Daudi cells. The attenuated effector functions were reversed by anti‐PD‐L1 mAb. When PD‐1+γδ T cells were challenged by PD‐L1+tumors pretreated with zoledronate (Zol), which induced γδ TCR‐mediated signaling, the resulting reduction in cytokine production was only slight to moderate compared to the reduction seen when PD‐1+γδ T cells were challenged by PD‐L1−tumors. In addition, cytotoxic activity of PD‐1+γδ T cells against Zol‐treated PD‐L1+tumors was comparable to that against Zol‐treated PD‐L1−tumors. These results suggest that TCR triggering may partially overcome the inhibitory effect of PD‐1 in γδ T cells.
An intrinsic B‐cell defect supports autoimmunity in New Zealand black chromosome 13 congenic mice
Authors: Loh Christina , Pau Evelyn , Chang Nan‐Hua , Wither Joan E. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIntrogression of a New Zealand Black (NZB) chromosome 13 interval onto a C57BL/6 (B6) background (B6.NZBc13) is sufficient to produce many hallmarks of lupus, including high‐titre anti‐chromatin antibody production, abnormal B‐ and T‐cell activation, and renal disease. In this study we sought to characterize the immune defects leading to these abnormalities. By generating hematopoietic chimeras and BCR transgenic mice, we show that the congenic autoimmune phenotype can be transferred by BM cells and requires the presence of autoreactive B cells. Using the hen egg white lysozyme immunoglobulin transgenic mouse model, we demonstrate that B‐cell anergy, deletion, and receptor editing are intact. Nevertheless, congenic B cells exhibit altered peripheral B‐cell selection, as demonstrated by enhanced survival and activation of endogenous B cells with autoreactivity to chromatin and Sm/ribonucleoprotein. Given the autoantibody specificities to nuclear antigens, TLR signalling was assessed. B6.NZBc13 B cells were hyper‐responsive to poly(I:C), a TLR3 ligand, demonstrating enhanced proliferation and survival as compared to B6 B cells. Our findings indicate the presence of an intrinsic B‐cell defect on NZB chromosome 13 that results in hyper‐responsiveness to a dsRNA analogue and implicates its potential supporting role in the generation of autoimmunity in B6.NZBc13 mice.
Contrasting models for the roles of Aire in the differentiation program of epithelial cells in the thymic medulla
Authors: Matsumoto Mitsuru 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe current prevailing view regarding the role of Aire in self‐tolerance is that it is involved in the transcriptional control of many tissue‐restricted self‐antigen genes in thymic epithelial cells in the medulla (mTECs); however, accumulating evidence also suggests that Aire has other roles, e.g. in mTEC differentiation, and furthermore that Aire can either promote or inhibit the mTEC differentiation program, i.e. Aire does not play a neutral role in mTEC differentiation. This review discusses when and how Aire plays an important role in controlling the organization of mTECs required for the expression of self‐antigen genes.
Vegetable oils as platform chemicals for polymer synthesis
Authors: Ronda Juan Carlos , Lligadas Gerard , Galià Marina , Cádiz Virgínia 
Published: December 2010

AbstractNatural vegetable oils have been transformed in polymers following three main routes. The first is the direct polymerization through the double bonds of the fatty acid chain. The cationic copolymerization of soybean oil with styrene, divinylbenzene, and different amounts of styrenic monomers containing Si allows producing materials with improved mechanical and flame retardant properties. The second route is the functionalization of the triglyceride double bonds to introduce readily polymerizable groups: The singlet oxygen photoperoxidation–dehydration of the allylic positions of the high oleic sunflower oil allows producing enone‐containing triglycerides that are chemically crosslinked with aromatic diamines through aza‐Michael reactions. At high temperatures, this curing reaction proceeds through a complex mechanism leading to quinoline moieties. This new crosslinking approach can be also applied to aldehyde containing triglycerides. The third route consists of using plant oil‐derived chemicals like 10‐undecenoic acid to produce tailor made monomers. Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization has been applied to allyl 10‐undecenoate, 10‐[2′,5′‐bis(10‐undecenoyloxy)phenyl]‐9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phospha‐phenanthrene‐10‐oxide, and 1,3‐bis(10‐undecenoyl)glycerol to prepare a set of polyesters with different phosphorus and hydroxyl contents. Moreover thiol‐ene “click” coupling of allyl 10‐undecenoate with mercaptoethanol, 3‐mercaptopropanoic acid, and 3‐mercaptopropyl‐trimethoxysilane has been used to produce difunctional telechelic polyesters.
Asymmetric Synthesis and in vivo Biological Inactivity of the Right‐Hand Terpenoid Fragment of Terpendole E
Authors: Oikawa Masato , Hashimoto Ryo , Sasaki Makoto 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSynthesis of the DEF‐ring terpenoid fragment of terpendole E, an Eg5 inhibitor, is described. The DE‐ring was constructed by a modification of Barrero's radical cyclization. The F‐ring tetrahydropyran was then constructed by acid‐induced cyclization of an epoxy alcohol, which was prepared by cross‐metathesis followed by Shi's epoxidation. Cell‐based assays indicated that the DEF‐ring fragment is not capable of inhibiting cell growth and cell cycle progression of human cancer cell lines, indicating that the DEF‐ring fragment alone is not sufficient for the biological activity.
On the security of an enhanced UMTS authentication and key agreement protocol
Authors: Hwang Min‐Shiang , Chong Song‐Kong , Ou Hsia‐Hung 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a practical and secure authentication and key agreement (AKA) scheme for Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). The paper introduces a new requirement, ‘home network should be partially trusted in an authentication scheme’ to the UMTS. The scheme integrates symmetric and public key cryptosystem. Issues such as kinds of ‘subscriber identity/location confidential’ and ‘non‐repudiation services’ are solved in the scheme. The paper provides computational analysis, messages transmission length analysis to the proposed scheme. Furthermore, comparisons with other schemes are also given. The results demonstrate that the proposed scheme is practical and secure. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phytochemistry of the heartwood from fragrant Santalum species: a review
Authors: Baldovini Nicolas , Delasalle Céline , Joulain Daniel 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA comprehensive review is presented on the constituents of the heartwood from fragrant sandalwood species, including Santalum album, S. spicatum and S. austrocaledonicum, which are important raw materials in the fragrance industry, and S. insulare, a closely related species. Analytical aspects are discussed in detail, both on qualitative and quantitative standpoints, and sensory properties are also reviewed. It is shown that more than 230 constituents have been identified so far in the heartwood of these sandalwood species. These components belong to many different chemical classes and are mainly terpenoids, but some other families are also represented. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Keeping the CNS clear: Glial phagocytic functions in Drosophila
Authors: Kurant Estee 
Published: December 2010

AbstractElimination of unwanted and potentially harmful matter is crucial for nervous system development and function. Glia are the main cleaners of the CNS that perform their function through engulfment and degradation of dying neurons and degenerating neuronal branches, developing excessive axons and synapses. Recent studies in Drosophila melanogaster have enhanced significantly our understanding of the phagocytic functions of glia and demonstrated that Drosophila provides an excellent model for investigating the molecular and cellular basis of glial phagocytosis. The current knowledge and great potential of this model, which is reviewed here, can open new directions in mammalian glial biology. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinicopathologic features as stronger prognostic factors than histology or grade in risk stratification of primary parotid malignancies
Authors: Walvekar Rohan R. , Filho Pedro A. Andrade , Seethala Raja R. , Gooding William E. , Heron Dwight E. , Johnson Jonas T. , Ferris Robert L. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackground.The aim of this study, using a retrospective chart review as the primary study design, was to determine the relative contribution of clinicopathologic risk factors versus low‐ and high‐risk grade histologic groups to assist management of primary parotid cancers.Methods.In all, 168 primary parotid malignancies were treated surgically at a tertiary care center from 1982 to 2005. Of these, 115 patients with complete follow‐up information were further analyzed. Pathologic updating and reclassification in 28% of cases enabled comparison of tumor histology or grade with current consensus criteria. Clinical outcomes of high‐ and low‐risk histology and grade were compared with the influence of traditional clinicopathologic risk factors.Results.Of 115 cases, the male:female ratio was equal and the median age was 63 years (range, 15 to 89 years). Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (n = 28) was the most common histology. The median follow‐up was 44 months (range, 0–278 months). Of low‐risk histology patients who underwent neck dissection 40% had pN+ disease. The median time to recurrence was not reached for low‐risk tumors, compared with 29 months for high‐risk tumors (p = .0001). Interestingly, extracapsular spread (ECS) and margin status were independent prognostic factors and conferred significantly greater prognostic value than histologic grade risk group. Disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) at 5 years for the entire cohort were 51% and 57%, respectively. Risk group was a strong independent predictor of OS but not DFSConclusions.Risk group defined by histology and grade was associated with DFS. ECS and margin status were independent predictors of DFS. Inclusion of ECS and margin status substantially improved the prediction of disease recurrence, supporting elective neck dissection and postoperative radiotherapy for high‐grade tumors or low‐risk histologies with positive margins or ECS. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Increased frequencies of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells in human nasal inverted papilloma
Authors: Gu Yili , Wang Chengshuo , Han Demin , Zhang Luo 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells both in peripheral blood and local tumors in patients with nasal inverted papilloma (NIP).MethodsBy using flow cytometry, the frequencies of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Treg cells in both peripheral blood and tissues from 18 patients with NIP and 8 control subjects were determined. CCL22 and CCL17 proteins in NIP tumors were analyzed by using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The suppressive capacity of Treg cells was estimated by WST‐8 and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; interferon‐gamma [IFN‐γ] and interleukin‐4 [IL‐4]) analysis.ResultsPatients with NIP showed increased CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Treg cell frequencies in tumor tissues and CD4+ T cell fraction rather than in peripheral blood. CCL22 increased in NIP tumors. Phytohemagglutinin (PHA)‐induced proliferation and cytokine production of CD4+CD25‐ T cells were suppressed equally well by CD4+CD25high cells from both patients with NIP and controls.ConclusionOur study demonstrated the increased frequencies of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Treg cells in NIP tumors, which might be influenced by CCL22. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Utility of CT surveillance for primary site recurrence of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Sullivan Brian P. , Parks Karen A. , Dean Nichole R. , Rosenthal Eben L. , Carroll William R. , Magnuson J. Scott 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe literature directly comparing the utility of clinical examination (CE) to that of CT in detecting recurrence of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) for primary site recurrences is lacking.MethodsPatients who received both CT scans and CEs after primary treatment for SCC of the upper aerodigestive tract (oropharynx, hypopharynx, and larynx) were identified. Individual CT scans and CEs were evaluated for their ability to detect recurrence status.ResultsOne hundred thirty‐one patients underwent a total of 886 CEs and 346 CT scans during the follow‐up period. The sensitivity for CE and CT was 84.0% and 66.7%, respectively; for specificity, 98.7% and 90.7%, respectively; for positive predictive value, 65.6% and 31.8%, respectively; and for negative predictive value the values were 99.5% and 97.7%, respectively.ConclusionDue to the low sensitivity and positive predictive value of CT scans compared to physical examination in evaluating primary site tumor recurrences, the utility of CT for surveillance may be limited. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011