bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leaching and cytotoxicity of bismuth oxide in ProRoot MTA – A laboratory investigation
Authors: Pelepenko Lauter E. , Marciano Marina A. , Shelton Richard M. , Camilleri Josette 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimThe present study examined the leaching and cytotoxicity of bismuth from ProRoot MTA and aimed to identify whether bismuth leaching was affected by the cement base and the immersion regime used.MethodologyThe leaching profile of bismuth was examined from ProRoot MTA and compared with hydroxyapatite containing 20% bismuth oxide as well as hydroxyapatite and tricalcium silicate to investigate whether bismuth release changed depending on the cement base. Bismuth leaching was determined after 30 and 180 days of ageing immersed in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) using mass spectroscopy (ICP‐MS). The media were either unchanged or regularly replenished. The pH, surface microstructure and phase changes of aged materials were assessed. Wistar rat femoral bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and cutaneous fibroblasts were isolated, cultured and seeded for cell counting (trypan blue live/dead) after exposure to non‐aged, 30‐ and 180‐days‐aged samples in regularly replenished DMEM. Aged DMEM in contact with materials was also used to culture BMSCs to investigate the effect of material leachates on the cells. Gene expression analysis was also carried out after direct exposure of cells to non‐aged materials. Differences between groups were statistically tested at a significance level of 5%.ResultsAll materials exhibited alterations after immersion in DMEM and this increased with longer exposure times. The bismuth leached from ProRoot MTA as detected by ICP‐MS. Aged ProRoot MTA samples exhibited a black discolouration and surface calcium carbonate deposition. ProRoot MTA influenced cell counts after direct exposure and its 180‐days leachates reduced BMSC viability. After direct BMSC contact with non‐aged ProRoot MTA an upregulation of metallothionein (MT1 and MT2A) expression and down‐regulation of collagen‐1a (Col‐1a) and bone sialoprotein (BSP) expression was identified.ConclusionsBismuth leaching was observed throughout 180‐days observation period from all materials containing bismuth oxide. This negatively influenced cell viability and gene expression associated with bismuth exposure. This is the first study to report that metallothionein gene expression was influenced by exposure to ProRoot MTA.
Mechanism of improving the quality of table grapes (Vitis. spp.) by exogenous eugenol based on transcriptome
Authors: Jiang Nan , Wang Liuqing , Gao Yuan , Li Qianqian , Jiang Dongmei , Yao Weirong , Wang Meng 
Published: May 2024

SummaryGrape is widely consumed all over the world for its rich nutritious and health‐promoting effects. While grape berries are prone to quality deterioration after harvest. This study aimed to investigate the effect of eugenol treatment on the quality of grape berries based on the transcriptome. Harvested grape berries were treated with eugenol, and then collected for nutrient component determination and transcriptomics analyses. As a results, treatment with eugenol enhanced the berries firmness, increased the contents of soluble sugars, organic acids and phenolic compounds, improved the antioxidant capacity, and altered gene expression levels of related pathways. Transcriptome analysis revealed 699 differentially expressed genes by 100 mmol L−1 eugenol‐treated berries. Among these DEGs, the transcriptional levels involved in the cell wall, sugar and acid metabolism, phenylpropane metabolism, antioxidant enzymes, and WRKY, MYB family transcription factors were significantly regulated. This study will help to promote the application of eugenol for quality improvements in grape berries.
Developmental couple therapy for complex trauma: Results of an implementation pilot study
Authors: MacIntosh Heather B. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis pilot study examined the process and outcome of Developmental Couple Therapy for Complex Trauma (DCTCT) with seven couples. DCTCT is a novel form of couple therapy designed to address complex posttraumatic stress disorder symptomatology and couple‐level distress in trauma survivors and their partners. These couples showed statistically significant improvements in overall trauma symptoms, emotion regulation capacities, and reductions in attachment‐related anxiety. These results suggest that DCTCT may be a promising approach to intervention. Future directions include the development of a sequential care model, because resource limitations may not allow for all couples to receive the full treatment model over 40 weeks; it will also be important to address measurement issues in relation to mentalizing, to allow for observational coding across the course of therapy.
Impact of the difference in diagnostic criteria for adolescent polycystic ovary syndrome excluding polycystic ovarian morphology
Authors: Hasegawa Yuko , Kitahara Yoshikazu , Kobayashi Mio , Miida Miki , Nenoi Hitomi , Tsukui Yumiko , Iizuka Madoka , Hiraishi Hikaru , Nakazato Satoko , Iwase Akira 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimExclusion of polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM) from the diagnostic criteria for adolescent polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has been proposed. We analyzed the profiles of adolescent women with suspected PCOS based on the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology (JSOG) diagnostic and Rotterdam criteria, excluding those with PCOM.MethodsThirteen‐ to twenty‐one‐year‐old women with suspected or confirmed diagnosis of PCOS according to the JSOG and Rotterdam criteria were included in this study. Patient characteristics such as hormone levels and body mass index (BMI) were compared between the groups. Correlations between BMI and testosterone, and BMI and time to diagnosis were also analyzed.ResultsTwenty‐nine patients were diagnosed with adolescent PCOS according to the JSOG criteria, and 11 patients according to the Rotterdam criteria after excluding the patients fulfilling the PCOM criteria. Serum testosterone levels were significantly higher in adolescents diagnosed with PCOS using the Rotterdam criteria than in those diagnosed using the JSOG criteria (p < 0.001). The obese group had significantly higher testosterone levels and a longer time from menarche to PCOS diagnosis. A positive correlation was observed between BMI and testosterone levels (r = 0.318, p = 0.014).ConclusionAlthough adolescents with PCOS diagnosed using the Rotterdam criteria exhibited higher testosterone levels, which is a typical characteristic of this condition, the JSOG criteria may be useful for the early diagnosis of adolescent PCOS, including suspected cases. The differences between the two criteria may reflect the natural history of PCOS and its different reproductive and metabolic phenotypes.
Social and biological innovations are essential to deliver transformative forest biotechnologies
Authors: Boerjan Wout , Strauss Steven H. 
Published: May 2024

SummaryForests make immense contributions to societies in the form of ecological services and sustainable industrial products. However, they face major challenges to their viability and economic use due to climate change and growing biotic and economic threats, for which recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology can sometimes provide solutions. But the application of rDNA technologies to forest trees faces major social and biological obstacles that make its societal acceptance a ‘wicked’ problem without straightforward solutions. We discuss the nature of these problems, and the social and biological innovations that we consider essential for progress. As case studies of biological challenges, we focus on studies of modifications in wood chemistry and transformation efficiency. We call for major innovations in regulations, and the dissolution of method‐based market barriers, that together could lead to greater research investments, enable wide use of field studies, and facilitate the integration of rDNA‐modified trees into conventional breeding programs. Without near‐term adoption of such innovations, rDNA‐based solutions will be largely unavailable to help forests adapt to the growing stresses from climate change and the proliferation of forest pests, nor will they be available to provide economic and environmental benefits from expanded use of wood and related bioproducts as part of an expanding bioeconomy.
Resurgence of wheat stem rust infections in western Europe: causes and how to curtail them
Authors: Lewis Clare M. , Morier‐Gxoyiya Césarée , Hubbard Amelia , Nellist Charlotte F. , Bebber Daniel P. , Saunders Diane G. O. 
Published: May 2024

SummaryTen years ago, (black) stem rust – the most damaging of wheat (Triticum aestivum) rusts – re‐emerged in western Europe. Disease incidences have since increased in scale and frequency. Here, we investigated the likely underlying causes and used those to propose urgently needed mitigating actions. We report that the first large‐scale UK outbreak of the wheat stem rust fungus, Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt), in 2022 may have been caused by timely arrival of airborne urediniospores from southwest Europe. The drive towards later‐maturing wheat varieties in the UK may be exacerbating Pgt incidences, which could have disastrous consequences. Indeed, infection assays showed that two UK Pgt isolates from 2022 could infect over 96% of current UK wheat varieties. We determined that the temperature response data in current disease risk simulation models are outdated. Analysis of germination rates for three current UK Pgt isolates showed substantial variation in temperature response functions, suggesting that the accuracy of disease risk simulations would be substantially enhanced by incorporating data from prevailing Pgt isolates. As Pgt incidences continue to accelerate in western Europe, we advocate for urgent action to curtail Pgt losses and help safeguard future wheat production across the region.
The phosphate starvation response regulator PHR2 antagonizes arbuscule maintenance in Medicago
Authors: Wang Peng , Zhong Yanan , Li Yan , Zhu Wenqian , Zhang Yuexuan , Li Jingyang , Chen Zuohong , Limpens Erik 
Published: May 2024

Summary

Phosphate starvation response (PHR) transcription factors play essential roles in regulating phosphate uptake in plants through binding to the P1BS cis‐element in the promoter of phosphate starvation response genes. Recently, PHRs were also shown to positively regulate arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization in rice and lotus by controlling the expression of many symbiotic genes. However, their role in arbuscule development has remained unclear.

In Medicago, we previously showed that arbuscule degradation is controlled by two SPX proteins that are highly expressed in arbuscule‐containing cells. Since SPX proteins bind to PHRs and repress their activity in a phosphate‐dependent manner, we investigated whether arbuscule maintenance is also regulated by PHR.

Here, we show that PHR2 is a major regulator of the phosphate starvation response in Medicago. Knockout of phr2 showed reduced phosphate starvation response, symbiotic gene expression, and fungal colonization levels. However, the arbuscules that formed showed less degradation, suggesting a negative role for PHR2 in arbuscule maintenance. This was supported by the observation that overexpression of PHR2 led to enhanced degradation of arbuscules. Although many arbuscule‐induced genes contain P1BS elements in their promoters, we found that the P1BS cis‐elements in the promoter of the symbiotic phosphate transporter PT4 are not required for arbuscule‐containing cell expression.

Since both PHR2 and SPX1/3 negatively affect arbuscule maintenance, our results indicate that they control arbuscule maintenance partly via different mechanisms. While PHR2 potentiates symbiotic gene expression and colonization, its activity in arbuscule‐containing cells needs to be tightly controlled to maintain a successful symbiosis in Medicago.
Knockout of stigmatic ascorbate peroxidase 1 (APX1) delays pollen rehydration and germination by mediating ROS homeostasis in Brassica napus L.
Authors: Liang Xiaomei , Li Yuanyuan , Wang Lulin , Yi Bin , Fu Tingdong , Ma Chaozhi , Dai Cheng 
Published: May 2024

SUMMARYThe successful interaction between pollen and stigma is a critical process for plant sexual reproduction, involving a series of intricate molecular and physiological events. After self‐compatible pollination, a significant reduction in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production has been observed in stigmas, which is essential for pollen grain rehydration and subsequent pollen tube growth. Several scavenging enzymes tightly regulate ROS homeostasis. However, the potential role of these ROS‐scavenging enzymes in the pollen‐stigma interaction in Brassica napus remains unclear. Here, we showed that the activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the detoxification of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), was modulated depending on the compatibility of pollination in B. napus. We then identified stigma‐expressed APX1s and generated pentuple mutants of APX1s using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. After compatible pollination, the BnaAPX1 pentuple mutants accumulated higher levels of H2O2 in the stigma, while the overexpression of BnaA09.APX1 resulted in lower levels of H2O2. Furthermore, the knockout of BnaAPX1 delayed the compatible response‐mediated pollen rehydration and germination, which was consistent with the effects of a specific APX inhibitor, ρ‐Aminophenol, on compatible pollination. In contrast, the overexpression of BnaA09.APX1 accelerated pollen rehydration and germination after both compatible and incompatible pollinations. However, delaying and promoting pollen rehydration and germination did not affect the seed set after compatible and incompatible pollination in APX1 pentuple mutants and overexpression lines, respectively. Our results demonstrate the fundamental role of BnaAPX1 in pollen rehydration and germination by regulating ROS homeostasis during the pollen‐stigma interaction in B. napus.
Real-world experience of commercial relmacabtagene autoleucel (relma-cel) for relapsed/refractory central nervous system lymphoma: a multicenter retrospective analysis of patients in China
Authors: Yu Wenyan , Huang Liang , Mei Heng , Li Yuhua , Niu Ting , Zou Dehui , Liu Yao , Zhang Huilai , Liu Peng , Wu Jianqiu , Wang Zhi , Li Hui , Cai Qingqing , Mi Jian-qing 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundRelapsed/refractory (R/R) central nervous system lymphomas (CNSLs) are associated with a poor prognosis. Relmacabtagene autoleucel (relma-cel), expressing the same chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) as lisocabtagene maraleucel, with an optimized commercial-ready process developed in China, demonstrated remarkable efficacy and manageable safety in the pivotal RELIANCE study. However, no published data are available on the “real-world” use of relma-cel, especially for patients with CNS involvement.Patients and methodsRetrospective analyses were conducted for commercial relma-cel used in patients with R/R CNSL at 12 clinics. The primary endpoint was to evaluate the proportion of patients who achieved complete response (CR) at 3 months. Secondary endpoints included best complete response (BCR), progression-free survival (PFS), duration of response (DOR), overall survival (OS), and the incidence of adverse events.ResultsAmong the 22 CNSL patients (12 primary CNSLs; 10 secondary CNSLs), the best overall response rate was 90.9% and the BCR rate was 68.2%. With median follow-up of 316 days (range, 55–618 days), the estimated 1-year PFS rate, DOR, and OS rate were 64.4%, 71.5%, and 79.2%, respectively. Significant clinical benefits were observed in patients who were in durable CR or partial response to the most recent prior therapy preleukapheresis and received relma-cel as consolidation therapy (n=8), with 1-year PFS rate of 100.0% versus 41.7% (p=0.02). In addition, in terms of primary endpoint, non-CR at 3 months postinfusion seemed to be predictive of a worse prognosis, with an estimated 1-year PFS of 83.3% versus 37.0% (p=0.03), respectively. CRS occurred in 72.9% of patients (grade 3: 4.5%) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome in 36.4% of patients (grade 3: 4.5%). With the add-on agent PD-1 inhibitor (tislelizumab) to the ongoing BTKi, significant re-expansions of CAR T-cell were detected by quantitative PCR or flow cytometry after a median of 2 weeks (range, 12–32 days).ConclusionsThis study was the first and largest real-world study of commercial relma-cel for R/R CNSL, demonstrating promising efficacy and acceptable safety. We reaffirmed the benefit of immuno-agents such as BTKi or PD-1 inhibitor on CAR T-cell re-expansion and hypothesized a dual-agent CAR-T related combinatorial therapies, which warrants further validation. Most importantly, we highlighted the earlier use of CAR T-cell therapy as a consolidative therapy for patients sensitive to salvage therapy, which provided an impetus and inspired-future strategy.
Aortic geometry and long-term outcome in patients with a repaired coarctation
Authors: Minderhoud Savine C S , van Montfoort Rick , Meijs Timion A , Korteland Suze-Anne , Bruse Jan L , Kardys Isabella , Wentzel Jolanda J , Voskuil Michiel , Hirsch Alexander , Roos-Hesselink Jolien W , van den Bosch Annemien E 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveThis study aims to compare aortic morphology between repaired coarctation patients and controls, and to identify aortic morphological risk factors for hypertension and cardiovascular events (CVEs) in coarctation patients.MethodsRepaired coarctation patients with computed tomography angiography (CTA) or magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) were included, followed-up and compared with sex-matched and age-matched controls. Three-dimensional aortic shape was reconstructed using patients’ CTA or MRA, or four-dimensional flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance in controls, and advanced geometrical characteristics were calculated and visualised using statistical shape modelling. In patients, we examined the association of geometrical characteristics with (1) baseline hypertension, using multivariable logistic regression; and (2) cardiovascular events (CVE, composite of aortic complications, coronary artery disease, ventricular arrhythmias, heart failure hospitalisation, stroke, transient ischaemic attacks and cardiovascular death), using multivariable Cox regression. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method selected the most informative multivariable model.ResultsSixty-five repaired coarctation patients (23 years (IQR 19–38)) were included, of which 44 (68%) patients were hypertensive at baseline. After a median follow-up of 8.7 years (IQR 4.8–15.4), 27 CVEs occurred in 20 patients. Aortic arch dimensions were smaller in patients compared with controls (diameter p<0.001, wall surface area p=0.026, volume p=0.007). Patients had more aortic arch torsion (p<0.001) and a higher curvature (p<0.001). No geometrical characteristics were associated with hypertension. LASSO selected left ventricular mass, male sex, tortuosity and age for the multivariable model. Left ventricular mass (p=0.014) was independently associated with CVE, and aortic tortuosity showed a trend towards significance (p=0.070).ConclusionRepaired coarctation patients have a smaller aortic arch and a more tortuous course of the aorta compared with controls. Besides left ventricular mass index, geometrical features might be of importance in long-term risk assessment in coarctation patients.
Long COVID and cardiovascular disease: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Lawson Claire Alexandra , Moss Alastair James , Arnold Jayanth Ranjit , Bagot Catherine , Banerjee Amitava , Berry Colin , Greenwood John , Hughes Alun D , Khunti Kamlesh , Mills Nicholas L , Neubauer Stefan , Raman Betty , Sattar Naveed , Leavy Olivia C , Richardson Matthew , Elneima Omer , McAuley Hamish JC , Shikotra Aarti , Singapuri Amisha , Sereno Marco , Saunders Ruth , Harris Victoria , Houchen-Wolloff Linzy , Greening Neil J , Harrison Ewen , Docherty Annemarie B , Lone Nazir I , Quint Jennifer Kathleen , Chalmers James , Ho Ling-Pei , Horsley Alex , Marks Michael , Poinasamy Krisnah , Evans Rachael , Wain Louise V , Brightling Chris , McCann Gerry P 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundPre-existing cardiovascular disease (CVD) or cardiovascular risk factors have been associated with an increased risk of complications following hospitalisation with COVID-19, but their impact on the rate of recovery following discharge is not known.ObjectivesTo determine whether the rate of patient-perceived recovery following hospitalisation with COVID-19 was affected by the presence of CVD or cardiovascular risk factors.MethodsIn a multicentre prospective cohort study, patients were recruited following discharge from the hospital with COVID-19 undertaking two comprehensive assessments at 5 months and 12 months. Patients were stratified by the presence of either CVD or cardiovascular risk factors prior to hospitalisation with COVID-19 and compared with controls with neither. Full recovery was determined by the response to a patient-perceived evaluation of full recovery from COVID-19 in the context of physical, physiological and cognitive determinants of health.ResultsFrom a total population of 2545 patients (38.8% women), 472 (18.5%) and 1355 (53.2%) had CVD or cardiovascular risk factors, respectively. Compared with controls (n=718), patients with CVD and cardiovascular risk factors were older and more likely to have had severe COVID-19. Full recovery was significantly lower at 12 months in patients with CVD (adjusted OR (aOR) 0.62, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.89) and cardiovascular risk factors (aOR 0.66, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.86).ConclusionPatients with CVD or cardiovascular risk factors had a delayed recovery at 12 months following hospitalisation with COVID-19. Targeted interventions to reduce the impact of COVID-19 in patients with cardiovascular disease remain an unmet need.Trail registration numberISRCTN10980107.