bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Substituent and heteroatom effects on the electrochromic properties of similar systems
Authors: İçli‐Özkut Merve , Mersini Jetmire , Önal Ahmet M. , Cihaner Atilla 
Published: October 2011

AbstractElectrochromic polymers called poly(3,4‐dihydro‐3,3‐bis ((naphthalen‐1‐yl)methyl)‐2H‐thieno[3,4‐b][1,4]dioxepine) (PProDOT‐Np2), poly(3,3‐dibenzyl‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐selenopheno[3,4‐b][1,4]dioxepine), and poly(3,3‐dibenzyl‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐thieno[3,4‐b][1,4]dioxepine) were synthesized electrochemically and the effect of substituents and heteroatoms on the electrochromic properties were investigated for the similar systems. All polymers show electrochromism from a colored state when neutralized to transmissive when oxidized. Although, increasing bulky size (PProDOT‐Np2) causes lower coloration efficiency (CE) as well as lower optical contrast, the replacement of S atom by Se atom resulted in a lower band gap polymer with a higher CE than its thiophene analog. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Comparative repeatability of two handheld fractional exhaled nitric oxide monitors
Authors: Kapande Kirsty M. , McConaghy Laura A. , Douglas Isabella , McKenna Sonia , Hughes Jenny L. , McCance David R. , Ennis Madeline , Shields Michael D. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe use of portable fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) devices is increasingly common in the diagnosis and management of allergic airways inflammation.MethodsWe tested two handheld FENO devices, to determine (a) if there was adequate intradevice repeatability to allow the use of single breath testing, and (b) if the devices could be used interchangeably. In a mixed pediatric population, including normal, asthmatic, and children with peanut allergies, 858 paired values were collected from the NIOX‐MINO® and/or the NObreath® devices.ResultsThe NIOX‐MINO® showed excellent repeatability (mean difference of 0.1 with 95% limits of agreement between −7.93 to 7.72 ppb), while the NObreath® showed good repeatability (mean difference of −1.61 with 95% limits of agreement between −14.1 and 10.8 ppb). Intradevice repeatability was good but not adequate and the NIOX‐MINO® systematically produced higher results than the NObreath® [mean difference of 7.8 ppb with 95% limits of agreement from −11.55 to 27.52 ppb (−33% to 290%)].ConclusionsOur results support the manufacturer's advice that single breath testing is appropriate for the NIOX‐MINO®. NObreath® results indicate that the mean of more than one breath should be utilized. The devices cannot be used interchangeably. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012; 47:546–550. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Human bocavirus—the first 5 years
Authors: Jartti Tuomas , Hedman Klaus , Jartti Laura , Ruuskanen Olli , Allander Tobias , Söderlund‐Venermo Maria 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYFour species of human bocavirus (HBoV) have been recently discovered and classified in the Bocavirus genus (family Parvoviridae, subfamily Parvovirinae). Although detected both in respiratory and stool samples worldwide, HBoV1 is predominantly a respiratory pathogen, whereas HBoV2, HBoV3, and HBoV4 have been found mainly in stool. A variety of signs and symptoms have been described in patients with HBoV infection including rhinitis, pharyngitis, cough, dyspnea, wheezing, pneumonia, acute otitis media, fever, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Many of these potential manifestations have not been systematically explored, and they have been questioned because of high HBoV co‐infection rates in symptomatic subjects and high HBoV detection rates in asymptomatic subjects. However, evidence is mounting to show that HBoV1 is an important cause of lower respiratory tract illness. The best currently available diagnostic approaches are quantitative PCR and serology. This concise review summarizes the current clinical knowledge on HBoV species. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The digital forensics of GPS path records and the discovery of previous Facebook IDs on a Pocket PC PDA
Authors: Chu Hai‐Cheng 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTPredominantly, because of the pervasiveness of information technology and the affordable and competitive prices of contemporary mobile computing devices, more and more personal navigation devices (PNDs) are substantively embedded with Global Positioning System (GPS) functionality and ubiquitous networks connectivity. Therefore, the digital forensics of PNDs digital evidences becomes an urgent research issue. Meanwhile, Facebook has become a globally foremost social networking service platform. Consequently, the discovery of previous Facebook IDs on PNDs has been focused in some criminal case investigations. This paper conducts the related experiments on a Pocket PC PDA to illustrate the essence of the research. Via the design of the experiments that were carried on the Pocket PC PDA, we concluded previous user(s) information concerning the digital forensics of Facebook user account(s) that might be disclosed on the current mobile computing device. The discussions and conclusions of the paper can provide digital forensics experts as paradigms or frameworks for future related criminal case investigations regarding GPS and social networking when Facebook is involved. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Beitrag zur Ermüdungsbemessung von Stahlbrücken nach Eurocode
Authors: Kuhlmann Ulrike , Euler Mathias , Kudla Konrad 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDer Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über einen Teil der Ergebnisse eines DASt/IGF‐Forschungsvorhabens, das sich mit der Weiterentwicklung und Spezifizierung der Ermüdungsnachweise für Straßen‐ und Eisenbahnbrücken aus Stahl beschäftigt hat. Anlass zu diesem Forschungsvorhaben waren die Erfahrungen der Ingenieurbüros und Stahlbaufirmen im Umgang mit den DIN‐Fachberichten, die im Wesentlichen die Anwendung der neuen europäischen Normen im Brückenbau seit 2003 ermöglichen. Dabei zeigte sich, dass die neuen Regeln teilweise zu einem größeren Fertigungs‐ und Materialaufwand führen, der auf das neue Bemessungskonzept für den Ermüdungsnachweis zurückzuführen ist. Das Forschungsvorhaben sollte durch die Klärung einer Reihe von Fragestellungen zur Ermüdungsbeanspruchung, zur Ermüdungsfestigkeit von im Brückenbau relevanten Kerbdetails wie das hier behandelte Konstruktionsdetail der Lagerplatte und zum Nachweiskonzept mögliche Vereinfachungen aufzeigen und zu einer Verbesserung der augenblicklichen Situation beitragen.Contribution on fatigue assessment of steel bridges according to Eurocode. This article gives an overview about a part of the results of a DASt/IGF‐Research project dealing with the evolution and the specification of the fatigue assessment for highway and railway steel bridges. This project was initiated through the experiences of the consulting offices and steel companies when applying the DIN‐Fachberichte that have allowed for the application of the new European rules in bridge design since 2003. It turned out that the new rules cause higher fabrication and material expenses that can be mainly attributed to the new fatigue design approach. The research project was supposed to reveal possibilities for simplification and to improve the today’s situation by answering a couple of questions on the fatigue actions, on the fatigue resistance of typical bridge‐related constructional details (as the presented bearing plate) and on the assessment approach.
Spannungsbasierter Beulsicherheitsnachweis ebener und gekrümmter stählerner Flächentragwerke unter kombinierter Membranbeanspruchung
Authors: Maur Jörn , Schmidt Herbert , Verwiebe Constantin 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDie Formate des Eurocode 3 für den spannungsbasierten Beulsicherheitsnachweis sind für ebene Flächentragwerke (Plattenbeulen nach EN 1993‐1‐5) und für gekrümmte Flächentragwerke (Schalenbeulen nach EN 1993‐1‐6) konzeptionell unterschiedlich – im Gegensatz zur bisherigen Regelung in DIN 18800 (Teile 3 und 4). Auch ein kürzlich veröffentlichter Verbesserungsvorschlag für den Interaktionsnachweis beim Plattenbeulen, der ein formal identisches Aussehen der beiden EC 3‐Beulinteraktionsgleichungen zur Folge hat, ändert daran nichts. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede der Formate für den spannungsbasierten Beulsicherheitsnachweis aufgezeigt. Für das Plattenbeulen werden, ergänzend zu dem erwähnten veröffentlichten Verbesserungsvorschlag, einige kleine weitere Verbesserungsvorschläge gemacht.Buckling stress design check for plane and curved steel surface structures under combined membrane stressing – a comparative analysis of the Eurocode formats. The formats of Eurocode 3 for the buckling stress design check are conceptually different for plane surface structures (plate buckling according to EN 1993‐1‐5) and for curved surface structures (shell buckling according to EN 1993‐1‐6) – contrary to the previous rules in DIN 18800 (Parts 3 and 4). Even a recently published proposal for improvement of the plate buckling interaction check, which results in a formally identical appearance of the two EC 3 buckling interaction expressions, does not modify that situation. In the present paper, the commonalities and the differences of the buckling stress design formats are pointed out. For the plate buckling interaction check, some minor further proposals for improvement, complementarily to the mentioned published one, are presented.
Hohlprofile mit beidseits zentrisch eingeschlitzten Knotenblechen – Drucktragverhalten und Bemessungsvorschlag
Authors: Unterweger Harald , Taras Andreas 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn der Stahlbaupraxis werden Druckstäbe von Fachwerken und Verbänden häufig mit Hohlprofilquerschnitten ausgeführt, die an beiden Stabenden eingeschlitzte Knotenbleche aufweisen. Um einen zentrischen Anschluss zu gewährleisten, weisen diese Knotenbleche entweder einen beidseits verlaschten Schraubstoß oder eine direkte zentrische Schweißnahtverbindung zur weiterführenden Konstruktion auf. Im Gegensatz zur traditionellen Konstruktionspraxis, weisen die Knotenbleche an den Stabenden heutzutage mitunter erhebliche freie Längen auf, sodass daraus negative Einflüsse auf die Drucktragfähigkeit des Gesamtstabes zu erwarten sind.Nachfolgend wird das Tragverhalten derartiger Druckstäbe anhand numerischer Traglastberechnungen dargestellt und ein Vergleich der Traglasten mit den üblichen Berechnungsmodellen der Ingenieurpraxis – Knicknachweise am Ersatzstab – durchgeführt.Es wird gezeigt, dass letztere – vor allem bei Stäben geringer Schlankheit – mitunter deutlich auf der unsicheren Seite liegen. Interessant ist auch die Tatsache, dass für die Traglast oft Imperfektionsansätze affin zur zweiten antimetrischen Eigenform maßgebend werden. Auch der Einfluss der Eigenspannungen, bedingt durch die Anschlussnähte zum Hohlprofil, wird untersucht. Abschließend wird ein einfaches Berechnungsmodell für die Praxis vorgestellt, das hinreichend genaue Traglastergebnisse liefert und ergänzend zum üblichen Knicknachweis anzuwenden ist.Hollow sections with concentric slotted gusset plates – Load bearing capacity under compression and recommended design model. In practical applications, compression members in trusses or bracing systems are often composed of hollow sections with slotted gusset plates on both ends. Either a bolted connection with splice plates on both sides or a welded connection are used to achieve a concentric configuration. In recent application cases, members of this type were often designed with unusually long gusset plates at their ends, leading to reduced load bearing capacities.In the present paper, the load carrying behaviour of such members is shown by means of realistic numerical calculations. The resulting compression member capacities are compared with the design models for flexural buckling as they are commonly employed in practice.It will be shown that these models significantly overestimate the compression member capacity – particularly in cases with low slenderness. Interestingly, imperfection forms similar to the second eigenmode often lead to the most critical design situation. The influence of residual stresses due to the welding of the gusset plate to the slotted hollow section is also studied in detail. On the basis of these numerical results, an improved engineering design recommendation for the practical verification of the gusset plate stability could be developed, which should be used in addition to the conventional member buckling verification.
Shell buckling design and assessment and the LBA‐MNA methodology
Authors: Rotter J. Michael 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe European Standard for Shell Strength and Stability has many provisions for the global analysis of shell structures using finite element analysis. Three alternative treatments are permitted: a simple linear analysis (LA) giving stress resultants to be compared with simple algebraic hand calculation strength assessment rules, a fully fledged nonlinear analysis, with material and geometric nonlinearities as well as properly characterised imperfections (GMNIA), and an intermediate treatment that requires only two strength assessments: linear bifurcation (LBA) and plastic limit (MNA). Because of the sensitivity of shell buckling to different forms and different amplitudes of imperfection, which depend strongly on the stress state, the GMNIA procedure is very onerous. This paper gives a brief outline of the design process and the relationship between algebraic and computational strength assessments. It then discusses the challenges facing the user of the LBA‐MNA procedure and resolves some of the uncertainties surrounding it.Bemessung und Nachweis beulgefährdeter Schalen und das LBA‐MNA‐Konzept. Die europäische Norm (der Eurocode) für Festigkeit und Stabilität von Schalen enthält eine Reihe von Regeln für die globale Berechnung von Schalenstrukturen unter Verwendung der Finite‐Elemente‐Methode. Es werden drei alternative Vorgehensweisen erlaubt: eine einfache lineare Berechnung (LA), die Schalenkräfte liefert, welche Beanspruchbarkeiten gegenüber gestellt werden müssen, die mittels algebraischer Handrechnungs‐Formeln ermittelt werden; eine vollständige nichtlineare Berechnung mit sowohl materieller und geometrischer Nichtlinearität als auch geeignet modellierten Imperfektionen (GMNIA); und eine dazwischen liegende Vorgehensweise, welche nur zwei vereinfachte Berechnungsläufe benötigt: eine lineare Verzweigungsanalyse (LBA) und eine plastische Grenzlastanalyse (MNA). Aufgrund der Empfindlichkeit des Schalenbeulens gegenüber verschiedenen Formen und Amplituden der Imperfektionen, die ihrerseits stark vom Spannungszustand abhängen, ist die GMNIA‐Vorgehensweise höchst aufwändig. Der vorlie‐ gende Beitrag bringt einen kurzen Überblick über den Bemessungsprozess und die Beziehung zwischen algebraischen und computergestützten Beulsicherheitsnachweisen. Er diskutiert dann die Herausforderungen, denen sich der Anwender des LBA/MNA‐Konzepts gegenüber sieht, und beseitigt einige der das Konzept umgebenden Verunsicherungen.
Roles of recruiter political skill, influence strategy, and organization reputation in recruitment effectiveness in college sports
Authors: Magnusen Marshall J. , Mondello Michael , Kim Yu Kyoum , Ferris Gerald R. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractRecruitment of top talent is one of the most important things organizations do, and if they do it well, it can be a source of sustained competitive advantage. In this article, we propose that recruiting effectiveness has a lot to do with the individual qualities and characteristics of the coaches doing the recruiting, in addition to the reputation of the university. Indeed, we argue that recruiters' political skills equip them to select the proper combination of situationally appropriate influence tactics in the formulation of their influence strategy, while also leveraging the organization's reputation in order to ensure recruitment effectiveness. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Scoring strategy goals: Measuring corporate social responsibility in professional European football
Authors: Breitbarth Tim , Hovemann Gregor , Walzel Stefan 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn this article, we develop a model for measuring corporate social responsibility (CSR) on the club level in European professional football. Modern CSR management and activities have advanced considerably throughout most industries since the late 1990s. However, CSR has only gained recognition in the sports management literature very recently, and models to evaluate CSR programs and activities in the sports context hardly exist. Hence, we conceptualize a CSR Performance Scorecard based on literature on CSR and sports management as well as empirical exploration into particularities of the football business. Relevant to scholars and managers alike, this article seeks to motivate the strategic CSR engagement of professional football. This is achieved through an innovative and context‐specific way for its organizational measurement along quantifiable economic, integrative‐political, and ethical‐emotional dimensions. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assessing the drivers of sport sponsor identification: Findings from an empirical lab study
Authors: Breuer Christoph , Rumpf Christopher 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe relevance of sport sponsorship as a vehicle for implementing marketing communication strategies has grown at an increasing rate. However, the evaluation of sponsorship activities still lacks a substantial understanding of how brand stimuli are processed in a sport media context. Therefore, this article is intended to contribute to the understanding of sponsorship effectiveness. In a quasi‐experimental lab study, five drivers of sponsor identification were assessed. These drivers were classified by the level of sponsor logo exposure on TV and the proximity between brand and consumer. While previous research assessed the level of sponsor logo exposure by counting seconds of clear visibility on screen, this research also examines the effects of on‐screen size and competitors on screen. The results suggest that the size and exclusiveness of sponsor logo exposure are key drivers in generating sponsor identification. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Betting on the US market: A discussion of the legality of sports gaming businesses
Authors: Light Glenn , Rutledge Karl , Singleton Quinton 
Published: October 2011

AbstractOver time, the US sports gaming industry has progressed dramatically beyond what the US anti‐gaming law drafters envisioned. The result is a system of mostly antiquated laws controlling modern industry causing confusion across the board. This discussion, therefore, intends to shed light on the US sports gaming legal framework, including analysis of the preeminent US laws that regulate the sports gaming industry and a brief review of various sports gaming businesses that fall within the US legal rubric. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Land use/land cover changes and climate: modeling analysis and observational evidence
Authors: Pielke Roger A. , Pitman Andy , Niyogi Dev , Mahmood Rezaul , McAlpine Clive , Hossain Faisal , Goldewijk Kees Klein , Nair Udaysankar , Betts Richard , Fall Souleymane , Reichstein Markus , Kabat Pavel , de Noblet Nathalie 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis article summarizes the changes in landscape structure because of human land management over the last several centuries, and using observed and modeled data, documents how these changes have altered biogeophysical and biogeochemical surface fluxes on the local, mesoscale, and regional scales. Remaining research issues are presented including whether these landscape changes alter large‐scale atmospheric circulation patterns far from where the land use and land cover changes occur. We conclude that existing climate assessments have not yet adequately factored in this climate forcing. For those regions that have undergone intensive human landscape change, or would undergo intensive change in the future, we conclude that the failure to factor in this forcing risks a misalignment of investment in climate mitigation and adaptation. WIREs Clim Change 2011, 2:828–850. doi: 10.1002/wcc.144This article is categorized under:

Paleoclimates and Current Trends > Climate Forcing
Zur Chemie heterocyclischer 5‐Ringe mit Schwefel bzw. Selen und Stickstoff
Authors: Jensen K. A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractÜber die Chemie heterocyclischer 5‐Ringe sind während einer Reihe von Jahren im Rahmen anderer Arbeiten am II. Chemischen Laboratorium der Universität Kopenhagen verschiedene Ergebnisse angefallen. Diese sind in der Literatur verstreut und werden deshalb in der vorliegenden Übersicht zusammenfassend und nach abnehmender Zahl von Heteroatomen, d. h. in der Reihenfolge Tetrazol‐, 1,2,3,4‐Thiatriazol‐, 1,3,4‐Thiadiazol‐, 1,3,4‐Selenadiazol‐Derivate usw., dargestellt.
Visitor Effects on the Behavior of Captive Western Lowland Gorillas: The Importance of Individual Differences in Examining Welfare
Authors: Stoinski Tara S. , Jaicks Hannah F. , Drayton Lindsey A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractGiven the conflicting and somewhat limited findings available on the effect of zoo visitors on primate behavior, the primary purpose of this study was to provide additional data on gorillas' response to variations in crowd size and to look at what other factors—both intrinsic (e.g. personality, sex, and rearing history) and extrinsic (e.g. group)—might influence such responses. Subjects included four groups (three mixed‐sex and one bachelor) of captive western lowland gorillas living at Zoo Atlanta. Overall activity budgets and rates of social behaviors in high and low crowd conditions were compared. Behaviors suggestive of general welfare did not vary as a function of crowd size alone, although we did observe one significant interaction and several trends. Specifically, two groups spent more time engaged in undesirable behaviors in the high crowd condition, whereas the other two groups showed the opposite response pattern. Additionally, males, but not females, showed a trend toward greater rates of contact aggression in the high crowd condition, although wounding rates did not vary with crowd size. We also found trends towards variation in response to crowd size as a function of individual personality ratings. These results suggest that although the visitor effect may constitute an impediment to optimal animal welfare, this may only apply to some individuals or groups. We emphasize the importance of continuing to explore individual differences and the limitations of a one‐size‐fits‐all approach when describing influences on animal welfare. Zoo Biol 31:586‐599, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of a Documentary Film on Public Stigma Related to Mental Illness Among Genetic Counselors
Authors: Anderson Kelly , Austin Jehannine C. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractMany people, including genetic counselors, have been found to hold stigmatizing attitudes towards people with mental illnesses. We aimed to determine whether these attitudes could be changed by exposing genetic counselors and genetic counseling students to a documentary film about people with mental illness. We screened the documentary at the 2010 North American conferences for genetic counselors. Immediately before (T1), immediately after (T2), and one month after (T3) watching the documentary, participants self‐rated their comfort with asking patients about mental illness, and they completed scales measuring two aspects of stigma: stereotype endorsement, and desire for social distance. A total of 87 T1 and T2 questionnaires, and 39 T3 questionnaires were returned. At T2 and T3, 34.5% and 48.7% respectively reported feeling more comfortable to ask patients about mental illness. Scores on the social distance and stereotype endorsement scales decreased significantly from T1 to T2, but returned to initial levels at T3. The findings suggest the documentary increased genetic counselors’ and genetic counseling students’ comfort with asking about mental illness and temporarily decreased their stigmatizing attitudes.