bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Close linkage between the albumin and Gc loci in the horse
Authors: Sandberg Kaj , Juneja R. Kumar 
Published: August 2010

SummaryEvidence for close linkage between the structural loci for albumin and Gc protein in the horse was presented. A recombination frequency (c) of 0.009 ± 0.006 (95 % confidence limits: 0.001 < c < 0.032) was estimated. These results were based on a study of a large sire family comprising 223 offspring from informative matings. No evidence of linkage disequilibrium was observed in one horse population studied.
Isozyme characterization of cattle (Bos taurus) and American buffalo (Bison bison) cell cultures
Authors: Carleer J. , Pastoret P.P. , Ansay M. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryFour Bovidae cell lines (BEK‐1, MDBK, Bu and EBTr) were characterized by means of enzymatic biochemical markers. Out of 15 enzymatic systems, 3 — adenosine dea‐minase [Ada), phosphoglucomutase (Pgm) and nucleoside phosphorylase (Np) —were found to be polymorphic and quite suitable for biochemical identification of each cell line. The Bu cell line has shown a Np phenotypic pattern which could be distinctive of the Bison bison species.
Protein polymorphism and genic variation in a population of the loach Cobitis delicata
Authors: Kimura Masao 
Published: August 2010

SummaryHemoglobin, non‐enzymatic and enzymatic muscle proteins of the loach Cobitis delicata were examined electrophoretically. Eleven proteins were shown to be under control by 20 loci. Only two loci were defined as polymorphic and 14 loci were completely monomorphic. Estimated average heterozygosity over all 20 loci was 0.011 in the loach population.
Phosphoglucomutase electrophoretic patterns of the loach Cobitis biwae
Authors: Kimura Masao 
Published: August 2010

SummaryPhosphoglucomutase of two groups of the loach Cobitis biwae, a fresh‐water teleost, was examined by starch gel electrophoresis. Some of the fishes had six‐banded electrophoretic patterns not observed in other loach species (e.g. Misgurnus anguillicaudatus and Cobitis delicata). The complexity of the pattern is explainable by an assumption that the loaches are tetraploid fishes. The result suggests that a diploid‐tetraploid relationship exists within the species Cobitis biwae.
Inheritance of adenosine deaminase variants in chickens and turkeys
Authors: Grunder A. A. , Hollands K. G. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryBlood cell lysates of chickens and turkeys were subjected to starch gel electrophoresis and the gels were stained for adenosine deaminase. Two zones were observed singly or together in the electrophoretic patterns of each lysate. Zones of chicken lysates were analogous in electrophoretic mobility to those of turkeys. An extra zone which appeared in patterns of a sample stored over one month was not detected in patterns of a second aliquot of stored sample treated with a reducing agent prior to electrophoresis.Family data involving 110 chicken progeny and 221 turkey progeny supported the hypothesis that these zones were controlled by two codominant alleles designated ADA.4 and ADAB. In the two Leghorn strains studied ADAB was much more frequent than ADA.4, but the frequency distribution was reversed in the Small White turkey strain examined.
Further studies on sheep polymorphic erythrocyte diaphorase
Authors: Cepica S. , Stratil A. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryStarch gel electrophoresis of sheep hemolysates revealed anodically faster, poly. morphic NADH/NADPH diaphorase (Dial) and slower NADH diaphorase (Dia2). Frequencies of alleles Dia1 F and Dia1 S for six sheep breeds in Czechoslovakia are given and efficacy for parentage control is discussed. A heterogeneity in Dia2 is caused by a prolonged storage of samples.
Polymorphism of acid phosphatase in chicken leucocytes
Authors: Ueda Junji , Hachinohe Yoshio 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThree individual variants of acid phosphatase in chicken leucocytes were found by means of starch gel electrophoresis. The phenotype in leucocytes showed the same appearance as polymorphic forms of liver acid phosphatase in the same bird. The study of the Hardy‐Weinberg distribution of the phenotypes of acid phosphatase in leucocytes also indicated that they are controlled by the same pair of codominant autosomal alleles as the phenotypes in the liver.Acid phosphatase is polymorphic in all six strains of chickens studied.
Blood groups of Nigerian cattle. Comparative aspects
Authors: Braend Mikael 
Published: August 2010

SummaryCattle, red cell antigens as determined by a selected battery of 37 reagents characterizing genes at 10 major loci in 101 Zebu, 63 Ndama and 78 Muturu from Nigeria, have been compared with corresponding red cell antigens of a total of 257 Bos taurus cattle in Norway, the Netherlands, France, Spain, Hungary and USA. The Zebu cattle, represented by the three subtypes Gudali, Red Bororo and Shuwa Arab, showed the highest number of red cell factors. Ndama and Muturu cattle had a significantly lower number of blood factors than the Zebu cattle. The lowest number of blood factors were found in European Bos taurus breeds.
Genetically determined electrophoretic variants of the major urinary protein (Mup) complex in mouse urine
Authors: Groen A. , Lagerwerf A. J. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe major urinary protein (Mup‐complex) excreted in mouse urine, has been studied electrophoretically both on starch gel and on cellogel.On stargel six anodally migrating protein bands were observed. These bands are designated component 3, 2′, 2, 1, and 4 (i.e. two bands) in the order of decreasing mobility toward the anode. The slower protein band of component 4 on starch gel was not observed on cellogel.By testing mouse inbred strains, we were able to dinstinguish five male and four female Mup phenotypes. Test crosses suggested a four‐allelic (a, b, c, d,) variation with regard to components 2′, 2 and 1: ‘group A’ strains showed component 1, ‘group B’ strains components 1 and 2, ‘group C’ and ‘group F strains none, and ‘group D’ strains showed components 1 and 2’. Component 3 may be encoded by another Mup locus, although no crossing‐over has been observed: presence (A, B, D, and F strains), absence (C strains). Insufficiently reproducible demonstration of the variation with regard to component 4, forced us to exclude this component for strain distinction.The Mup phenotypes described, can be useful for the detection of certain strain contaminations, especially if F1 hybrid Mup phenotypes are distinguishable
Seasonal variation of bovine anti‐J in the tropics*
Authors: Mzee R. M. , Brænd M. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryClose to the Equator at an altitude of 1750 m above sea level a total of 27 cows of various breeds have been studied with regard to the fluctuation of their anti‐J naturally occurring antibodies. Over 16 consecutive months the average total score of anti‐J varied from a minimum of 20 in October to a maximum of 37 at. the end of December. Practically all the sera had the lowest level of anti‐J in October. This is about two months after the lowest yearly maximum temperature. It is concluded that gradual changes in temperature can cause variation in anti‐J titer, and that the magnitude of the seasonal temperature changes influences the fluctuation of the natural anti‐J.
The blood group factor Kf and allele Kae in the pig
Authors: Hojný J. , Hradecký J. , Pazdera J. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryBy means of alloimmune reagents used in the indirect Coombs test and the dextran test a new factor Kf in the K bloodgroup system of pigs was found, controlled by alleles Kacf, Kacef and Kbf. A new allele Kae was also detected.The K system with 6 alleles, 11 phenotypes and 21 combinations of genotypes remains (from the genetic point of view) an open system.
Isoelectric focusing of horse acidic prealbumins on thin‐layer polyacrylamide gels
Authors: Matthews Andrew G. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe paper describes a technique of thin‐layer polyacrylamide gel isolectric focusing of horse serum, within a pH range of 4.0 ‐ 6.0, which permits the improved resolution of the acidic prealbumin protein bands. The increased heterogeneity of the Pr prealbumin antiprotease allele products apparent using this technique is described and discussed in detail, and the potential use of the technique in routine Pr phenotyping is considered.
Apparent destruction of bovine blood group determinants by chymotrypsin
Authors: Trowbridge‐Walters Carolyn , Hunziker R. D. , Hines H. C. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryAlthough chymotrypsin treatment eliminated the reactivity of many antigenic determinants on the bovine red cell, haemolytic inhibition tests, double diffusion in agar tests, and immunizations provided no conclusive evidence of any of the affected determinants in the soluble digest. Chymotryptic digestion unmasked an apparent cryptantigen, rendering Q‐positive cells reactive with a previously Q‐negative antiserum.
Equine marker genes. Polymorphism for transferrin alleles, TfF1 and TfF2, in Thoroughbreds
Authors: McGuire Terry R. , Weitkamp Lowell R. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe equine transferrin F variant is distinguishable into two types, F1 and F2, on alkaline polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Gene frequencies in 63 related Thoroughbreds are 0.39 and 0.19 for TfF1TfF2, respectively. In contrast the frequencies for these two alleles in 375 related Standardbreds is 0.00 and 0.59.
A third allele at the phosphoglucose isomerase locus of the Japanese quail
Authors: Kimura Masao , Ishiguro Mototsugu , Ito Shin‐ichi 
Published: August 2010

SummaryPhosphoglucose isomerase electrophoretic patterns of the Japanese quail were found to be controlled by three alleles at an autosomal locus. In the laboratory quail population, the frequency of the alleles PGIF, PGIS1 and PGIS2 was 0.175, 0.465 and 0.360, respectively.
Two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis of cattle plasma proteins: Genetic polymorphism of an α1‐protease inhibitor
Authors: Juneja R. K. , Gahne B. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryTwo‐dimensional electrophoretic analysis of cattle plasma proteins was done by a first dimension separation in agarose gel (pH 5.0), followed by a second dimension in horizontal polyacrylamide gel (pH 9.0). This method resulted in improved and reproducible separation of many α‐ and β‐globulins. Three groups of a‐globulins, designated Pi‐1, Pi‐2 and Pi‐3, were found to inhibit the estero‐lytic activity of bovine trypsin and bovine chymotrypsin. Pi‐2 showed appreciable inhibition only for trypsin and genetic polymorphism was observed for this protein. Family data supported the hypothesis that the three Pi‐2 types observed were controlled by two codominant, autosomal alleles. The occurrence of a third Pi‐2 allele was also postulated in some animals studied. The frequency of the most common allele, Pi‐2s, ranged from 0.5‐0.8 in the different breeds of cattle studied (Swedish Red and White, Friesian, Jersey, Charolais and Simmental). The post‐transferrins Ptf‐1 and Ptf‐2 in cattle plasma were shown to be two different genetic systems.
Antigen and protein polymorphism in Somali zebu cattle*
Authors: Stasio Liliana Di , Sartore G. , Ginanni C. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryBlood samples, collected from 143 Boran and 34 Dawara adult cattle, belonging to a state farm in Mogadiscio, have been tested for red cell antigens with 40 cattle reagents and for Hb, CA, Tf, Alb and Ami types.Gene frequencies are presented and the results indicate that the two breeds are very similar in all the systems studied.
A‐B‐O blood groups in Kenya olive baboons (Papio anubis)
Authors: Byles R. H. , Sanders Mark F. , Petersen Gloria Moy , Olivier T. J. , Bercovitch Fred , Hunt Eric 
Published: August 2010

SummaryA feral population of 183 Kenyan olive baboons representing 5 troops was surveyed for salivary ABO‐like antigens. Unlike previously reported populations, a high frequency of the O allele and low frequency of the B allele were detected. This observation may be the result of founder effect and/or genetic drift.
The presence of blood group and lymphocyte antigens on porcine granulocytes
Authors: Klaudy J. , Hruban V. , Hradecky J. , Pazdera J. , Pech V. 
Published: August 2010

SummarySuspensions of highly viable (< 95 %) granulocytes minimally contaminated by other cell types were isolated from the peripheral blood of pigs by a single centrifu‐gation with low molecular weight dextran and after preferential lysis of erythrocytes by hypotonic shock. A complement‐dependent cytotoxic test showed the presence of antigens of the SLA major histocompatibility complex, the SLB leucocyte system and the A and E blood group systems on the granulocytes. Some SLA typing reagents against class I (SD) antigens did not react with granulocytes, however, or yielded dubious reactions. The findings showed that the reactivity of SLA sera resembles the reactivity of human HLA sera. The results also show that compatibility in the SLA, SLB, A and E systems will have to be taken into account when preparing alloimmune sera for the determination of granulocyte‐specific antigens of pigs.
An investigation of the products of 23 gene loci in the domestic cat, Felis catus
Authors: Allan J. , Putt W. , Fisher R. A. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe products of 23 enzyme and protein loci were examined in the domestic cat, Felis catus. Seven of these loci showed electrophoretic variation (six with two alleles and one with four alleles). Based on evidence from a family group the variation at five of these loci can be attributed to genetic causes.
Haemoglobin D in three rare Dutch breeds of sheep
Authors: Tucker E. M. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryElectrophoretic and hybridization studies indicated that a haemoglobin found in three rare Dutch breeds of sheep was the a chain variant HbD which had hitherto only been found in three individual native Yugoslav sheep. Two phenotypes, Hb DAB and Hb DB, were detected, and the D variant was always present in lower concentrations than the normal haemoglobins. The calculated gene frequencies for αD were 0.030, 0.082 and 0.029 in the Kempisch Heide, Veluws Heide and Mergelland breeds respectively.
Geographic variation of muscle adenylate kinase in the loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus
Authors: Oniwa Kiyoko , Kimura Masao 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe electrophoretic pattern of the loach muscle adenylate kinase was composed of one or two major bands. Each major band was preceded by two minor bands. Three codominant alleles were postulated to segregate in loach. Each allele coded for one major band with different mobility.Adenylate kinase (AK. E.C. 2.7.4.3.) catalyses the reaction 2ADP ATP + AMP. and is known as a heat stable protein constituent of skeletal muscle. Electrophoretic variation of AK has been reported in the pika Ochotona r. rufescens (Vergnes et al. 1974). the teleostean fish Zoarces viviparus (Frydenberg & Si‐monsen, 1973), the mussel Mvtilus edulis (Ahmad et al. 1977). and the tunicate Ciona intestinalis (Schmidtke & Engel. 1980). In this note, individual variation of AK in muscle extracts of the fresh‐water fish Misgurnus anguillicaudatus is described.Loach were collected in ponds or purchased from fish shops (Table 1 & Fig. 1). Three populations (OS. AS and KN) were purchased from fish shops in Osaka. Akashi and Kanazawa cities, respectively. Their exact sampling locations were not known. For reference, the locations of these cities are indicated by an open circle in Fig. i. Fish were collected and stored frozen at – 20 oC at the sampling time given in Table 1. Muscle extracts were prepared and examined in the period February‐April 1981.The method for preparing muscle extract and‐the starch gel electrophoretic procedures were the same as those reported previously (Kimura, 1976). The amine‐citrate buffer system as described by Clayton & Tretiak (1972) was used. AK was stained by the method of Allendorf et al. (1977). After electrophoresis, an inhibition test was also performed by immersing the gel in 10‐3M 5.5'‐dithiobis‐(2‐nitrobenzoate) solution for 30 minutes at room temperature.Under the electrophoretic condition used in the present study, all of the AK
Phenotype frequencies of vitamin D binding protein (Gc) and of posttransferrin‐2 (Ptf‐2) in Belgian cattle breeds*
Authors: Van de Weghe A. , Van Zeveren A. , Bouquet Y. , Varewyck H. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe vitamin D binding protein (Gc) and posttransferrin‐2 (Ptf‐2) phenotypes have been determined in a number of Belgian cattle breeds. A very slow migrating variant of the Gc protein — Gc C — has been found in White and Red East Flemish breed. This variant was absent from the other breeds studied. This slow variant was identified as a vitamin D binding protein by autoradiography. The Gc C protein was shown to be controlled by a codominant autosomal allele Gc C at the Gclocus.The Gc C protein is probably identical with a fraction previously described in buffalo and an Italian cattle breed. The allele frequencies for the Gc and Pft‐2 systems are reported for several Belgian breeds of cattle.
A new Kd subgroup designated Kg in the porcine K blood group system
Authors: Nielsen P. Bräuner , Vögeli P. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe K system in pigs included at least 6 internationally recognized blood group factors (Ka, Kb, Kc, Kd, Ke and Kf) controlled by the following alleles: Kacef, Kacf, Kade, Kae, Kbf and K‐ (Andresen, 1963; Brucks 1967, Hojný et al. 1967, Saison 1967, Hojný, Hradecký & Pazdera, 1979). This paper describes the results obtained with a new antiserum, Kg, by which subgrouping of the Kade allele into Kade or Kadeg is possible.
Further studies on bovine serum amylase. 3. Affinity chromatography
Authors: Archibald A. L. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe major bovine serum isoamylases controlled by theAmIlocus have been examined by gel filtration. On Sephadex G‐200 the isoamylases can be resolved into two classes. The AmI A and AmI B have apparent molecular weights of 307 000 daltons whilst the AmI C isozyme has an apparent molecular weight of 44 400 daltons. The separation of the isozymes into two classes according to their elution behaviour on Sephadex G‐200 has been shown to be an affinity separation. All three AmI isozymes are eluted from a non‐dextran media (BioGel A1.5m) with apparent molecular weights of 417 000 daltons. The affinity separation on Sephadex G‐200 has been shown to be inhibited by the addition of 1% (w/v) maltose to the elution buffer. In the presence of 1%(w/v) maltose all three AmI isozymes are coeluted from Sephadex G‐200 with apparent molecular weights of 321000 daltons. The maltase and amylase activities of the AmI isozymes were eluted coincidentally under all the conditions studied.
Esterase D in Cebus apella from the Amazonian region*
Authors: Schneider Maria Paula Cruz , Sampaio Maria Iracilda da Cunha , Schneider Horacio 
Published: August 2010

SummaryResearch programs involving the study of genetic variation of proteins have been carried out both in humans and catarrhine primates but rarely in New World species. Considering the great possibilities offered by protein variations as genetic markers in systematic and evolutionary studies in this group of organisms, the authors are specially interested in the investigation of genetic polymorphisms of blood proteins in Amazonian primates. In this paper we describe the electro phoretic patterns of erythrocyte esterases obtained from blood samples of 57 Cebus apella specimens. Blood hemolysates from Cebus display four main set of bands in azo‐coupled stained gels. These bands are identified as esterases P, A1, A2 and B by their electro phoretic migration, substrate specificity and eserine reaction. The use of the fluoregenic reagent 4‐methylumbelliferyl acetate revealed the presence of a fifth set of enzymes not detected by the azo‐coupled staining method. This ser of enzymes, probably a polymorphic genetic system, was named ESD as in humans.
Chemical characterization of porcine blood serum components with A and SLA activity
Authors: Wrenger M. , Thiele O. W. , Cwik S. , Schmid D. O. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe porcine A blood group substance is found in the serum as a Lipid and, additionally, in certain animals, as a glycoprotein. Swine lymphocyte antigens (SLA) occur in the serum only as glycoproteins. Heat treatment of the solid residue obtained by lipid extraction yielded a water‐soluble fraction with low protein content, high A activity, but no SLA activity. Poly(glycosy1)ceramides with SLA activity do not occur in the serum; poly(glycosy1)ceramides with A activity cannot be excluded. Desialylation of protein fractions has no effect on A and SLA activity. Both A and SLA activities of protein fractions are stable to mild alkaline hydrolysis thus indicating N‐glycosidic carbohydrate‐peptide linkages.
Linkage studies between the halothane (Hal), phosphohexose isomerase (Phi) and the S(A ‐O) and H red blood cell loci of Pietrain/ Hampshire and Landrace pigs
Authors: Imlah P. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryFrequency of blood group factors at the A‐O and H loci were markedly altered within halothane positive (HP) and halothane negative (HN) composite synthetic Pietrain/Hampshire lines (PTH) over four generations of selection.Linkage studies on the litters from 45 double backcross and 20 mixed and intercross matings, involving the S(A‐O), H, Phi and Hal loci, were made in the PTH line and halothane positive and negative selected British Landrace lines. Crossing‐over frequencies of 0.05 ± 0.04, 0.05 ± 0.03 and 0.1 ± 0.03 were established between Phi and Hal, H and Hal, and Phi and H respectively. An unequal crossing‐over frequency between Phi and H was found when the alleles Ha and Hcd were compared. The difference in recombination frequency between the Ha and Hcd alleles amounted to 0.04 to 0.06.No cross‐overs were observed between the S(A ‐O) and Phi, H or Hal loci in 15 families studied. The position of the S locus in relation to the other loci could not be established, but statistical evidence of association favours a haplotype sequence of Phi‐Hal‐S‐H.
Protein polymorphism in a feral population of the pigeon Columba livia domestica
Authors: Kimura Masao , Yamamoto Shoji 
Published: August 2010

SummarySixteen enzymatic and non‐enzymatic proteins of the pigeon Columba livia domestica were examined electrophoretically. These proteins were presumed to be under control by 22 loci. Of the 22 loci, 6 were defined as polymorphic and 15 as monomorphic. Another locus was variable, but the variation was not genetically interpretable. Average heterozygosity calculated over 21 loci was 0.075.
Sheep lymphocyte antigens: A preliminary study
Authors: Cullen P. R. , Bunch C. , Brownlie J. , Morris P.J. 
Published: August 2010

SummarySera from 287 sheep were screened for cytotoxic antibodies against sheep lymphocytes. Forty four antisera were selected which provisionally define 13 lymphocyte antigens. The frequency of these antigens was studied in 305 sheep from 8 flocks of different breeds. Family studies confirm that inheritance of sheep lymphocyte antigens is controlled by the autosomal codominant genes of at least 2 linked loci.
The use of genetic relationships among cattle breeds in the formulation of rational breeding policies: A re‐examination of the example of the South Devon and the Gelbvieh
Authors: Baker C. M. Ann 
Published: August 2010

SummaryIt has been claimed that the origin of the South Devon breed of cattle is ‘unknown’ and that biochemical polymorphisms ‘… indicate that Gelbvieh and South Devon had a common ancestry on the Continent and are distinct from other British breeds such as Hereford, Angus and Jersey’ (Kidd et al., 1974).In fact, historical records indicate that the South Devon evolved largely from native Devon cattle and is a close relative of other English Lowland breeds such as the North Devon and Hereford. Information about crosses from other breeds makes no mention of the Gelbvieh but emphasises the contribution of Channel Island breeds, especially the Guernsey. Data for biochemical polymorphisms in the relevant breeds show agreement with the historical information and with the biogeography of the breeds involved.