bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of soil temperature and moisture on the pathogenicity of two species of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae)
Authors: Radová Štěpánka , Trnková Zuzana 
Published: August 2010

Effect of soil temperature and moisture on the pathogenicity of two species of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae)This study investigated the impact of soil temperature and soil moisture on the virulence of the entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema carpocapsae and S. feltiae. The effects of temperatures of 10, 15 and 25 °C and humidity of 6% and 12.5% were tested against the larvae of Tenebrio molitor. The nematodes were tested in two concentrations of 50 nematodes and 500 nematodes per box. S. carpocapsae was generally significantly more efficient at the highest temperature (25 °C) than S. feltiae, especially at the lower concentration of 50 nematodes per box. S. feltiae recorded higher insect mortality at lower temperatures (15 °C and 10 °C). The virulence of both tested nematode species was low (0-26%) at 10 °C after 7 days, but in the case of S. feltiae increased to 66% after 14 days. The efficacy when tested with 6% moisture at 15 °C was low (4% for both nematode species) compared with 12.5% moisture, where after seven days it reached 54% for S. carpocapsae and 70% for S. feltiae, although generally, S. feltiae was more efficient under dry conditions than S. carpocapsae. Insect mortality inreased significantly after remoistening of the soil, especially with S. feltiae (500 nematodes per box) where mortality reached 46% two weeks after remoistening.
Content of selected biologically active compounds in tea infusions of widely used European medicinal plants
Authors: Dadáková Eva , Vrchotová Naděžda , Tříska Jan 
Published: August 2010

Content of selected biologically active compounds in tea infusions of widely used European medicinal plantsHerbal tea infusions are a very important source of flavonoids and other biologically active compounds in human medicine and nutrition. Melissa officinalis, Agrimonia eupatoria, Sambucus nigra, Achillea millefolium, Filipendula ulmaria, Betula pendula and Glechoma hederacea were selected as common European medicinal herbs and sources for tea infusion preparations. Quercetin, rutin, catechin, chlorogenic acid, and squalene were determined in the prepared infusions. Free quercetin was not found in any of the infusions, but tea infusions did contain rutin and other quercetin glycosides, the content of which was, after acid hydrolysis, determined as quercetin. The highest levels of total quercetin were found in infusions from Filipendula ulmaria and Sambucus nigra (120 and 108 mg L-1, respectively) corresponding to the content of rutin found also in these two infusions (25.2 and 194 mg L-1, respectively). The Sambucus nigra infusion contained the largest content of chlorogenic acid (166 mg L-1), and infusions from Melissa officinalis, Agrimonia eupatoria, Betula pendula and Glechoma hederacea contained only small amounts of squalene.
Can pre-colonisation of the soil substrate increase the efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae)?
Authors: Radová Štěpánka 
Published: August 2010

Can pre-colonisation of the soil substrate increase the efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae)?The effects of soil pre-colonisation with entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema feltiae, S. carpocapsae and S. arenarium on the mortality of Tenebrio molitor larvae were tested under laboratory conditions. The soil was inhabited with the nematodes for 7 days prior to the addition of the larvae. Nematode concentrations of 50 and 500 infective juveniles per box were used. S. carpocapsae reacted to pre-colonisation negatively and the efficacy decreased at the concentrations tested. S. arenarium showed generally low efficacy against Tenebrio molitor larvae and pre-colonisation showed only a slight positive effect on the efficacy of this species. S. feltiae increased its efficacy at the concentration of 500 infective juveniles per box compared with other tested nematodes.
Analysis of longterm trends in the performance of dairy cows on low-input mountain farms
Authors: Frelich Jan , Šlachta Martin , Kobes Milan 
Published: August 2010

Analysis of longterm trends in the performance of dairy cows on low-input mountain farmsThe productive and reproductive performance of dairy cows was examined on thirty-four low-input farms in the Šumava Mts. between 2000 and 2007. Milk production increased by an average of 986 kg and 948 kg per lactation by Holstein and by Czech Fleckvieh cows, respectively (P<0.001), while the mean number of lactations decreased from 2.7 to 2.5 in Holstein and from 3.4. to 3.0 in Czech Fleckvieh cows (P<0.001) in the same period. The mean number of lactations decreased also in the culled cows - from 3.2 to 2.9 by Holstein and from 4.3 to 3.5 by Czech Fleckvieh cows (P<0.001). A higher cow milk yield was accompanied by a deterioration in reproductive performance. Between the periods 2000-2003 and 2004-2007 the number of days open lengthened by an average of 6 and 4 days (P<0.01) and the calving period by an average of 11 and 6 days (P<0.001) in Holstein and Czech Fleckvieh cows respectively. The results indicated an increased replacement of cows in the herds examined as a coincidental feature of the steadily rising milk performance. This may have a negative impact on the rentability of low-input mountain dairy farming in the region.
Reasons for the culling of dairy cows on low-input mountain farms
Authors: Frelich Jan , Šlachta Martin , Kobes Milan 
Published: August 2010

Reasons for the culling of dairy cows on low-input mountain farmsReasons for the culling of dairy cows were scrutinized on thirty-four low-input farms in the Šumava mountains in the Czech Republic. An increase in the frequency of the most common culling category - category 58 (other health reasons) - was identified in both the Holstein and Czech Fleckvieh breeds between 2000 and 2007: from 35% to 59% in the Holstein cows and from 19% to 41% in the Czech Fleckvieh cows (X2 test; P<0.001). This brought the Czech Fleckvieh cows to the same level of frequency as in the Czech Republic population, while the frequency among Holstein cows was on average 11% higher than in the Czech Republic population. The frequency of category 58 was higher in the Holstein than in the Czech Fleckvieh cows, but category 52 (low milk production) was more frequent in the Czech Fleckvieh than in the Holstein cows (P<0.001). There is a link between category 58 ‘other health reasons’ and an increase in the milk productivity of the cows; this results eventually in a higher incidence of metabolic disorders and is discussed in this paper.
Retrotransposons and ethyl methanesulfonate-induced diversity in hexaploid wheat and Triticale
Authors: Bonchev Georgi , Georgiev Sevdalin , Pearce Stephen 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
The bulk of large plant genomes consists of retrotransposons. Retrotransposons are able to integrate into a multitude of loci in the genome, and can thereby generate insertional polymorphism between individuals, as well as mutations and new characteristics. Retrotransposons are largely quiescent during development, but become more active in response to biotic and abiotic stresses, which cause them to produce larger pools of transcripts. The present study assesses the structural dynamics and putative transcriptional activation of BARE-1 and WIS 2-1A retrotransposons in ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-induced hexaploid wheat and Triticale sphaerococcum mutants, via an RT-PCR approach that utilized the retrotransposon based markers SSAP, IRAP and REMAP. Our results demonstrate a polymorphic pattern distribution of BARE-1/WIS 2-1A members, and identify new insertions. The WIS 2-1A retrotransposon members have a modulated transcriptional profile, which strongly suggests that EMS treatment encourages their activation Retrotransposon-based methods are efficient for fingerprinting and genetic polymorphism studies of sphaerococcum mutant forms, and can illuminate the genome dynamics affecting the genes responsible for the sphaerococcum phenotype.
The anatomical and micromorphological characteristics of Salvia vermifolia (Section Aethiopis Bentham, Lamiaceae) from Central Anatolia, Turkey
Authors: Bagherpour Safi , Kahraman Ahmet , Doğan Musa , Celep Ferhat , Başer Birol , Pehlivan Sevil 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
The gross anatomical features, namely stem, blade and petiole and the micromorphological features, trichome, pollen and nutlet of Salvia vermifolia Hedge & Hub.-Mor. (Sect. Aethiopis Bentham, Lamiaceae) were examined using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). S. vermifolia is a perennial endemic herb growing on igneous and serpentine slopes in Sivas province, Central Anatolia, Turkey. The results obtained from anatomical studies show that the stem is made up of 4–8-layers of collenchyma cells and 1-3-layers chlorenchyma cells. The blade is amphistomatic, bifacial, with 2-3-layered palisade cells on the adaxial. The petiole has three large central bundles and six small subsidiary bundles. Peltate glandular, capitate glandular and non-glandular trichomes are present in S. vermifolia. The peltate glandular trichomes are present in abundance on the calyx and corolla, and capitate glandular trichomes are predominant on the calyx, inflorescence axis, pedicel and stem. The acicular non-glandular trichomes are mainly situated on the calyx, corolla, inflorescence axis and pedicels whereas the floccose non-glandular trichomes are common on both sides of the leaf, inflorescence axis and petiole. The pollen grains are hexacolpate to octacolpate, medium to large (P, polar axis=45.29–62.49 μm; E, equatorial axis=45.32-62.38 μm), oblate-spheroidal to prolate-spheroidal (P/E=0.91–1.02) and their exine ornamentation is bireticulate. The nutlets are 2.70–2.90 mm long and 1.90–2.13 mm wide, brown, ovoid-oblong in their outline, rounded-trigonous in transverse section, and their surface is glabrous and colliculate.
Ceruloplasmin and oxidized LDL colocalize in atherosclerotic lesions of hamster
Authors: Stancu Camelia , Constantinescu Elena , Sima Anca 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Epidemiological studies show that the risk for cardiovascular diseases increases with increasing levels of free-copper in plasma. It is known that intact ceruloplasmin (CP), the major protein transporter of copper in human plasma, oxidizes low density lipoproteins (LDL) in vitro. Our aim was to study the interaction between LDL and CP in vitro and in vivo, in an animal model of diet-induced atherosclerosis. In order to visualize the pathway of LDL into the arterial wall, human native LDL was labeled with fluorescent DiI and injected into male, Golden Syrian hyperlipemic hamsters. In vitro results demonstrated that slightly degraded CP has a significant oxidation potential against LDL at neutral pH. In vivo, after 24 hours circulation, LDL-DiI was taken up by the enlarged intima and fatty streaks of the arterial wall. Immunohistochemical localization of oxidized LDL and CP revealed their presence in the same areas of the arteries that take up LDL-DiI. Co-localization of LDL and CP in the enlarged intima of pro-atherosclerotic areas might explain the possible copper-induced oxidation process that might occur after native LDL is taken-up from the blood, transcytosed through the endothelium and accumulated in focalized deposits.
Three-dimensional Finite Element Solution of the Flow in Single and Twin-Screw Extruders
Authors: Ilinca F. , Hétu J.-F. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
This work is aimed at the numerical modeling of the flow inside single and twin-screw extruders. Numerical solutions are obtained using a recently developed immersed boundary finite element method capable of solving the flow in the presence of complex non-stationary solid boundaries. The method is first validated against the solution obtained on a body-conforming grid for a single screw extruder and then applied to a twin-screw mixer. The time dependent single screw problem can also be solved in a rotating reference frame for which a steady state solution can be obtained. This allows the evaluation of time integration errors of the moving immersed interface algorithm. For instance the flow is considered isothermal and the material behaves as a Generalized Newtonian fluid. Because the viscosity depends on the shear rate, solutions will be shown for various rotation velocities of the screw and compared with solutions obtained on body-conforming grids. The method is shown to give very accurate results and can be used for a more in-depth investigation of the material behavior in extruders.
RheoDSC Analysis of Hardening of Semi-Crystalline Polymers during Quiescent Isothermal Crystallization
Authors: Janssens V. , Block C. , Van Assche G. , Van Mele B. , Van Puyvelde P. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
The crystallization of semi-crystalline polymers is often analyzed by rheometry and calorimetry. By rheometry the viscosity evolution during crystallization can be followed, whereas from a calorimetric measurement, the evolution of the degree of crystallinity can be calculated. The time evolution of these material properties is valuable input for polymer processing simulation software and in order to combine the data in a reliable manner, hardening curves are used as a characterization tool. Such a hardening curve correlates the relative increase of the viscosity resulting from crystallization, to the advancing degree of crystallinity. In this study, these are extracted from simultaneous measurements on one sample using a RheoDSC device. The RheoDSC technique allows for the direct combination of the rheological and calorimetric signal without the need of combining separate stand-alone measurement results. In this study, isothermal crystallization experiments are used to discuss the benefits of this approach. This will lead to the recommendation that measuring the hardening effect in steady shear measurements at very low shear rates in a direct combined RheoDSC setup is the most reliable method to compile unambiguously a material specific hardening curve for semi-crystalline polymers.
Fasting and Post Prandial Monitoring of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) - A Biomarker to Assess Incretin Response in Type-2 Diabetes
Authors: Allenki Venkatesham , Devarakonda Rama Krishna , Anreddy Rama Narsimha Reddy , Pantam Narayana , Yellu Narsimha Reddy 
Published: August 2010

Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) could serve as a potential biomarker in monitoring the disease progression and improvement on treatment. To investigate fasting & post prandial response of DPP-IV enzyme as indirect marker of incretin response failure after chronic treatment with metformin in type 2 diabetes. The study included twelve nondiabetic subjects, ten patients with glycosylated hemoglobin values (6-8%) and fifteen patients with glycosylated hemoglobin greater than 8 % of type-2 diabetes patients of either sex with metformin treatment above 3 years were recruited. Fasting and post prandial DPP-IV levels were calculated. HbA1c was used to assess diabetes status. DPP-IV activity (fasting) in type 2 diabetic subjects with HbA1c > 8 % was significantly higher DPP-IV (44.67 ± 2.19 U/l) than in non diabetic subjects (24.39 ± 3.97 U/l). A significant correlation between DPP-IV (fasting / post prandial) and HbA1c (r = 0.821 & r = 0.732, P< 0.01) was observed in both diabetic (HbA1c 6-8, HbA1c < 8) patients. Hyperglycemia induces significant increase in serum DPP-IV activity in fasting condition and might contribute to the reduction in active glucagon like peptide-1(GLP-1) in type 2 diabetic subjects. In normal subjects during post prandial condition, there is sudden increase followed by decrease of GLP-1 due to cleavage of GLP-1 to as substrate of DPP-IV is seen as upsurge of DPP-IV. This response was lacking in diabetic patients with high HbA1c indicates indirectly metformin failure to secrete GLP-1. High fasting level and decreased post prandial of DPP-IV may indicate drug failure in type-2 diabetes mellitus. Key words: Type 2 diabetes; metformin; DPP-IV; HbA1c; GLP-1.DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v2i2.1698Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol.2(2) 2009: 81-85
Cytotoxicity and Antifungal Activities of Root Bark of <i>Calotropis gigantea</i>
Authors: Habib M Rowshanul , Alam M Ashraful , Haque MA , Nikkon Farjana , Karim M Rezaul 
Published: August 2010

In this study, methanol extract from the root bark of Calotropis gigantea L. and its petroleum ether (40°C-60°C), chloroform and ethyl acetate soluble fractions were tested for their cytotoxic activity against brine shrimp nauplii (Artemia salina, Leach) and for antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp and Trichoderma harzianum. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) screening showed that methanol extract and its different fractions contained different type compounds such as steroid, terpene, glycoside, heterocyclic and flavonoid. In brine shrimp lethality bioassay, it was found that chloroform fraction was highly cytotoxic (LD50 14.72 μg/ml) among the tested samples. Though methanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction have no activity against all the tested fungi but petroleum ether and chloroform fractions showed potent activity against Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp, Trichoderma harzianum and Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma harzianum, respectively, in antifungal activity test. Key words: Calotropis gigantea; Methanol extract; Antifungal activity; Cytotoxicty.DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v2i2.2187Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol.2(2) 2009: 38-41
Antibacterial Screening and Phytochemical investigation of bark extracts of <i>Acacia jacquemontii</i> Benth.
Authors: Choudhary K , Singh M , Pillai U , Shekhawat N S 
Published: August 2010

Acacia jacquemontii was assessed for active principles to ascertain the rationale for its use in traditional medicine. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the stem bark extracts showed that it possessed the active principles - alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, terpenoids and tannins. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was assayed against pathogenic strains of Bacillus cereus, Bacillus pumilus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, S. pyrogenes, and Candida albcans using the agar diffusion method. The plant extract exhibited antimicrobial activity against all the test microorganisms. B. cereus and B. pumilus were the most susceptible to the plant extract while Candida albicans was the most resistant. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the stem bark extract of the plant ranged between 30 and 50 mg/ml while the minimum bactericidal concentration ranged between 35 and 60 mg/ml. A. jacquemontii could be a potential source of antimicrobial agents. Key words: Antibacterial; Antifungal; Baonli; Medicinal plants. DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v2i2.2384Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol.2(2) 2009: 21-26
Evaluation of analgesic and neuropharmacological properties of the aerial part of <i>Tinospora cordifolia</i> Miers. in mice
Authors: Hossain Md Mokarram , Hasan SM Raquibul , Akter Raushanara , Islam Md Nurul , Rashid Md Jahidur , Saha Moni Rani , Mazumder Md Ehsanul Hoque , Rana Sohel 
Published: August 2010

Tinospora cordifolia Miers. is used in the Ayurvedic system of medicine for the treatment of jaundice, diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis, and is also used as memory enhancer. But still there is no report of analgesic and neuropharmacological activities of the plant. For this reason, the present study was designed to evaluate analgesic and neuropharmacological activities of methanol extract of the aerial parts of Tinospora cordifolia. Analgesic activity of the crude extract at the dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w. was evaluated for its central and peripheral pharmacological actions using hotplate and tail flick tests and acetic acid-induced writhing test respectively in mice. The extract produced a significant (p < 0.05-0.001) increase in pain threshold in hotplate and tail flick tests in a dose dependent manner. In acetic acid-induced writhing test the extract at both doses produced significant (p < 0.001) inhibition of writhing reaction but maximum inhibition (65.01%) of writhing was found at 400 mg/kg dose compared to the reference drug Diclofenac-Na at the dose of 10 mg/kg b.w. (77.07%). Neuropharmacological activity of the extract was also evaluated using rodent behabioural models; hole cross to evaluate motor activity, open field to evaluate exploratory behaviour and thiopental sodium-induced sleeping time to evaluate sedative potential of the extract. The extract significantly (p < 0.05-0.001) decreased motor activity and exploratory behavior of mice in hole cross and open field test respectively. The extract also produced rapid onset and maximized the duration of sleeping time when administered with thiopental sodium. Results of this study suggest that the aerial part of T. cordifolia possesses significant analgesic and CNS depressant activity. Key words: Tinospora cordifolia; Menispermaceae; Analgesic; Neuropharmacological.DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v2i2.5822Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol.2(2) 2009: 31-37
Social Life, Economic Status and Health Care Delivery Practices of the People of Bede Community of Bangladesh: A Case Study
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Taleb , Miazi Md Mosharaf Hossain , Ghani Abdul 
Published: August 2010

This study was conducted to observe the socio-economical status, living standard and health management practices of the people of the Bede community of Bangladesh. Bedes living in the Savar area of Dhaka district was selected for a case study. To conduct the study, data were obtained through a questionnairebased survey of 700 respondents about their social and economical status, professional practices, standard of living and literacy status, health management and treatment methods used. It has been observed that these mostly nomadic people of the Bede community have a weak socio-economic condition, large family size {(9-16 member family (58.22%); 17-24 member family (22.20%)}, intense smoking habit and a low level of literacy (80.00% people are illiterate). They practice ethno-medicine and snake-charming as their main professional business to earn a living. In offering health care services to people, they use medicaments prepared from various plant and animal parts and minerals and apply various ethno-treatment techniques, like spiritual, physical, mystical and psychological techniques to treat various ailments. Although they practice their age-old traditional system of medicine as their profession to treat others, they have been found to depend largely on Allopathic, Homeopathic and modern Traditional medicines for treating their own illness, particularly when they suffer from diarrhoea, dysentery, small pox, orthopedic problems, and even snake-bite, which is supposed to be their own specialty. Bedes live below the poverty line. Key words: Bede community; Social life; Health practices; Economic statusDOI: 10.3329/sjps.v2i2.5823Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol.2(2) 2009: 42-47