bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Renormalizing the high-harmonic interference via double-slit and grating
Authors: Ishida Yukiaki , Kuwata-Gonokami Makoto 
Published: April 2024

A method to utilize high-harmonic interference in Young’s double-slit followed by a grating holds promise for precisely measuring the refractive-index spectrum in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) region. The measurement is currently bottlenecked by the time it takes to fit the Fresnel interference patterns. The conventional fitting procedure, involving multiple numerical integrals for evaluating the EUV propagation through the slit and grating, takes ≳30min on a standard laptop computer, while the data acquisition time is ∼200s. Here, we apply an analytic Gaussian integral and bypass one of the numerical integrals associated with the grating. The analysis reduces to evaluating a renormalized EUV propagation in a simple double-slit interferometer, and the estimated fitting time on a laptop becomes as short as 112 s. Our study enables real-time analysis during measurements, facilitating mass optical-data collection of EUV lithography materials.
Fluid balance versus weighing: A comparison in ICU patients: A single center observational study
Authors: Mensink R. S. M. , Paans W. , Renes M. H. , Dieperink W. , Blokzijl F. 
Published: April 2024

Background
The fluid balance is a critical parameter in intensive care units (ICU) as it provides information about the patient’s volume status. However, the accuracy of fluid balance measurements is often compromised due to the complexity and repetition of actions involved. Additionally, the fluid balance could be recalculated for insensible fluid loss. Weighing is an alternative method to estimate the patient’s volume status. Built-in scales in beds make patient weighing easier and less time-consuming, allowing clinicians to intervene more quickly on existing treatments.

Aim
This study compares fluid balance, and body weight changes over time in ICU patients. Furthermore, it seeks to determine the degree of congruence between the fluid balance corrected for insensible fluid loss and daily body weight in ICU patients.

Methods
A single-center observational study was conducted in an ICU of a university hospital. All consecutive patients admitted to a bed with an integrated weighing scale were eligible. Exclusion criteria were (1) body weight ≥254,4 kilograms; (2) oral nutrition; (3) a flush catheter or balance; (4) only a single weight measurement; (5) delta body weight change of ≥5kg in 12 hours. Weights and fluid balances were obtained every 12 hours.

Results
We obtained 2282 measurements (n = 187 patients). The correlation between weight and fluid balance was weak (r = 0.274). After adjusting the fluid balance for insensible fluid loss, the correlation remained weak (r = 0,268). Bland Altman analysis revealed a wide confidence interval for both the fluid balance and corrected fluid balance versus weight.

Conclusion and implications of key findings
This study shows a weak correlation between weight and fluid balance. Therefore, when monitoring the volume status in the ICU, fluid balance and weight should both be taken into account. This two-pronged approach is crucial because it provides more control over erroneous fluid balance or weighing measurements.
Spatial distribution and determinants of HIV high burden in the Southern African sub-region
Authors: Adetokunboh Olatunji O. , Are Elisha B. 
Published: April 2024

Background
Spatial analysis at different levels can help understand spatial variation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, disease drivers, and targeted interventions. Combining spatial analysis and the evaluation of the determinants of the HIV burden in Southern African countries is essential for a better understanding of the disease dynamics in high-burden settings.

Methods
The study countries were selected based on the availability of demographic and health surveys (DHS) and corresponding geographic coordinates. We used multivariable regression to evaluate the determinants of HIV burden and assessed the presence and nature of HIV spatial autocorrelation in six Southern African countries.

Results
The overall prevalence of HIV for each country varied between 11.3% in Zambia and 22.4% in South Africa. The HIV prevalence rate was higher among female respondents in all six countries. There were reductions in prevalence estimates in most countries yearly from 2011 to 2020. The hotspot cluster findings show that the major cities in each country are the key sites of high HIV burden. Compared with female respondents, the odds of being HIV positive were lesser among the male respondents. The probability of HIV infection was higher among those who had sexually transmitted infections (STI) in the last 12 months, divorced and widowed individuals, and women aged 25 years and older.

Conclusions
Our research findings show that analysis of survey data could provide reasonable estimates of the wide-ranging spatial structure of the HIV epidemic in Southern African countries. Key determinants such as individuals who are divorced, middle-aged women, and people who recently treated STIs, should be the focus of HIV prevention and control interventions. The spatial distribution of high-burden areas for HIV in the selected countries was more pronounced in the major cities. Interventions should also be focused on locations identified as hotspot clusters.
Estimation of the number of motor units in the human extensor digitorum brevis using MScanFit
Authors: Klein Cliff S. , Liu Hui , Xiong Yuan 
Published: April 2024

Objective
Our aim was to determine the number and size parameters of EDB motor units in healthy young adults using MScanFit, a novel approach to motor unit number estimation (MUNE). Since variability in MUNE is related to compound muscle action potential (CMAP) size, we employed a procedure to document the optimal EDB electromyographic (EMG) electrode position prior to recording MUNE, a neglected practice in MUNE.

Methods
Subjects were 21 adults 21–44 y. Maximum CMAPs were recorded from 9 sites in a 4 cm2 region centered over the EDB and the site with the largest amplitude was used in the MUNE experiment. For MUNE, the peroneal nerve was stimulated at the fibular head to produce a detailed EDB stimulus-response curve or “MScan”. Motor unit number and size parameters underlying the MScan were simulated using the MScanFit mathematical model.

Results
In 19 persons, the optimal recording site was superior, superior and proximal, or superior and distal to the EDB mid-belly, whereas in 3 persons it was proximal to the mid-belly. Ranges of key MScanFit parameters were as follows: maximum CMAP amplitude (3.1–8.5 mV), mean SMUP amplitude (34.4–106.7 μV), mean normalized SMUP amplitude (%CMAP max, 0.95–2.3%), largest SMUP amplitude (82.7–348 μV), and MUNE (43–103). MUNE was not related to maximum CMAP amplitude (R2 = 0.09), but was related to mean SMUP amplitude (R2 = -0.19, P = 0.05).

Conclusion
The EDB CMAP was highly sensitive to electrode position, and the optimal position differed between subjects. Individual differences in EDB MUNE were not related to CMAP amplitude. Inter-subject variability of EDB MUNE (coefficient of variation) was much less than previously reported, possibly explained by better optimization of the EMG electrode and the unique approach of MScanFit MUNE.
Reducing risk behaviours after stroke: An overview of reviews interrogating primary study data using the Theoretical Domains Framework
Authors: Hall Patricia , Lawrence Maggie , Kroll Thilo , Blake Catherine , Matthews James , Lennon Olive 
Published: April 2024

Background
Lifestyle changes, in addition to preventive medications, optimise stroke secondary prevention. Evidence from systematic reviews support behaviour-change interventions post-stroke to address lifestyle-related risk. However, understanding of the theory-driven mediators that affect behaviour-change post-stroke is lacking.

Methods
Electronic databases MEDLINE, Embase, Epistemonikos and Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews were searched to March 2023 for systematic reviews addressing behaviour-change after stroke. Primary studies from identified systematic reviews were interrogated for evidence supporting theoretically-grounded interventions. Data were synthesized in new meta-analyses examining behaviour-change domains of the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) and secondary prevention outcomes.

Results
From 71 identified SRs, 246 primary studies were screened. Only 19 trials (N = 2530 participants) were identified that employed theoretically-grounded interventions and measured associated mediators for behaviour-change. Identified mediators mapped to 5 of 14 possible TDF domains. Trial follow-up ranged between 1–12 months and no studies addressed primary outcomes of recurrent stroke or cardiovascular mortality and/or morbidity. Lifestyle interventions targeting mediators mapped to the TDF Knowledge domain may improve the likelihood of medication adherence (OR 6.08 [2.79, 13.26], I2 = 0%); physical activity participation (OR 2.97 [1.73, 5.12], I2 = 0%) and smoking cessation (OR 10.37 [3.22, 33.39], I2 = 20%) post-stroke, supported by low certainty evidence; Lifestyle interventions targeting mediators mapping to both TDF domains of Knowledge and Beliefs about Consequences may improve medication adherence post-stroke (SMD 0.36 [0.07, 0.64], I2 = 13%, very low certainty evidence); Lifestyle interventions targeting mediators mapped to Beliefs about Capabilities and Emotions domains may modulate low mood post-stroke (SMD -0.70 [-1.28, -0.12], I2 = 81%, low certainty evidence).

Conclusion
Limited theory-based research and use of behaviour-change mediators exists within stroke secondary prevention trials. Knowledge, Beliefs about Consequences, and Emotions are the domains which positively influence risk-reducing behaviours post-stroke. Behaviour-change interventions should include these evidence-based constructs known to be effective. Future trials should address cardiovascular outcomes and ensure adequate follow-up time.
Scoping review of hearing loss attributed to congenital syphilis
Authors: Amjad Hafeeez Aleena , Cavalcanti Bezerra Karina , Jimoh Zaharadeen , Seal Francesca B. , Robinson Joan L. , Gomaa Nahla A. 
Published: April 2024

Background
There are no narrative or systematic reviews of hearing loss in patients with congenital syphilis.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to perform a scoping review to determine what is known about the incidence, characteristics, prognosis, and therapy of hearing loss in children or adults with presumed congenital syphilis.

Eligibility criteria
PROSPERO, OVID Medline, OVID EMBASE, Cochrane Library (CDSR and Central), Proquest Dissertations and Theses Global, and SCOPUS were searched from inception to March 31, 2023. Articles were included if patients with hearing loss were screened for CS, ii) patients with CS were screened for hearing loss, iii) they were case reports or case series that describe the characteristics of hearing loss, or iv) an intervention for hearing loss attributed to CS was studied.

Sources of evidence
Thirty-six articles met the inclusion criteria.

Results
Five studies reported an incidence of CS in 0.3% to 8% of children with hearing loss, but all had a high risk of bias. Seven reported that 0 to 19% of children with CS had hearing loss, but the only one with a control group showed comparable rates in cases and controls. There were 18 case reports/ case series (one of which also reported screening children with hearing loss for CS), reporting that the onset of hearing loss was usually first recognized during adolescence or adulthood. The 7 intervention studies were all uncontrolled and published in 1983 or earlier and reported variable results following treatment with penicillin, prednisone, and/or ACTH.

Conclusions
The current literature is not informative with regard to the incidence, characteristics, prognosis, and therapy of hearing loss in children or adults with presumed congenital syphilis.
La gestión de la demanda de las pruebas: un reto en el nuevo modelo de medicina de laboratorio
Authors: Salinas María , Torreblanca Ruth , Sanchez Eduardo , Blasco Álvaro , Flores Emilio , López-Garrigós Maite 
Published: April 2024

Resumen

Introducción
En las últimas décadas está evolucionando el posicionamiento de la Medicina de Laboratorio en el proceso médico asistencial de atención al paciente y también el modelo de laboratorio; de un modelo tradicional, con solo intervención, a un modelo líder, que además de intervenir condiciona la decisión clínica. La mejora en tecnología y automatización ha permitido también al profesional de laboratorio centrarse en la primera y última fase del ciclo de laboratorio, la solicitud de pruebas, y la acción tras su resultado, las etapas con más errores, y donde principalmente se debe actuar para conseguir una mejora en la calidad asistencial del paciente.

Contenido
Se muestra el diseño y la implantación de intervenciones de gestión de la demanda de pruebas de laboratorio, logrando el diagnóstico de la enfermedad oculta, y mejorando la adherencia a las guías clínicas y la seguridad del paciente.

Resumen
Se expondrán los puntos clave en el proceso de gestión de la demanda, tanto de exceso como de defecto.

Perspectivas
El objetivo de la revisión es lograr que el profesional del laboratorio se involucre en el diseño e implantación de intervenciones de gestión de la demanda y en la creación de ese nuevo modelo de Laboratorio Líder.
Parallel observations process of Tianwen-1 orbit determination
Authors: Huyan Zongbo , Zhang Dapeng , Ma Pengbin , Li Hengnian , Min Zhai 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
To meet various requirements of the future deep space missions of China, State Key Laboratory of Astronautic Dynamics constructs a new orbit determinatin software with parallel observations process. By using 32 threads, the computational efficiency per iteration (including spacecraft’s integration) could be promoted to 10 times as that of single-threaded orbit determination. Suppose the number of observations is

p

p

, the number of estimated parameters (including spacecraft’s state) is

q

q

, the amount of computation of one observation is

x

x

, the amount of computation of one Givens transformation is

y

y

and the best number of threads is proved to be

[

p
⋅

(

x
+
y

)

/

(

q
⋅
y

)

]

1

/

2

{\left[p\cdot \left(x+y)\text{/}\left(q\cdot y)]}^{1\text{/}2}

for one-step threads combination. The root mean square of the postfit residuals of China’s deep space monitoring network (CDSMN) and China’s Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) network (CVN) observations in the Earth-Mars transfer phase and the Mars-orbiting phase are almost the same: about 0.3 m for Ranging, about 0.3 mm/s for Doppler, about 3 cm for VLBI delay and about 0.5 mm/s for VLBI delay rate. It is also found that all the four types of observations of CDSMN and CVN are needed in orbit determination for deep space maneuver and braking at periareion calculation. In the Mars-orbiting phase, the position accuracy after orbit determination under CDSMN-only tracking mode can reach about 1 km.
Impact of novel herbicide based on synthetic auxins and ALS inhibitor on weed control
Authors: Grzanka Monika , Joniec Andrzej , Rogulski Janusz , Sobiech Łukasz , Idziak Robert , Loryś Barbara 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Delayed sowing of winter cereals or unfavorable weather conditions in autumn may make it impossible to carry out herbicide treatment in autumn. In such cases, weed control should be started in the spring. During this time, the plantation should be protected as effectively as possible because the weeds are at an advanced stage of growth. Therefore, they are less sensitive to applied herbicides. In the treatment, it is worth using a mixture of different mechanisms of action. Studies were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a band of tribenuron-methyl, and MCPA applied as soluble granules in spring control of dicotyledonous in winter cereals. The biological efficacy of herbicides was estimated in the 25 field experiments on winter cereals in Poland. Postemergence, a spring application of tribenuron-methyl + MCPA, effectively controls the majority of weed species present in spring: Anthemis arvensis, Brassica napus, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Centaurea cyanus, Lamium purpureum, Matricaria chamomilla, Tripleurospermum inodorum, Stellaria media and Thlaspi arvense. Satisfactory control was confirmed for Veronica persica, Viola arvensis, and Galium aparine. Tribenuron-methyl with MCPA is recommended for application to winter cereals in spring. To prevent the development of resistance in weeds, it is advantageous to combine two active substances.
Investigations on the performance of bottle blade overshot water wheel in very low head resources for pico hydropower
Authors: Basar Mohd Farriz , Zulkarnain Izzatie Akmal , Sopian Kamaruzzaman , Mohd Rais Nurul Ashikin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
An overshot water wheel is considered as a low-cost and simple alternative for rural electrification. Hence, the aim of this study is to develop a noncomplex geometrical design of an overshot water wheel, namely, bottle blade overshot water wheel (BOWW), yet effectively operated for pico hydropower generation. The BOWW and hydro system were assessed at very low water head conditions, namely, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 m water head using a water test rig. According to the experimental results, the BOWW equipped with eight blades when operated at 0.5 m head produced significant mechanical power and electrical power up to 48.58 and 15.55 W. Analytically, the turbine with eight blades has 26.8–49.1% efficiency. Meanwhile, the effectiveness of four blades is between 5.66 and 28.96%. The results showed that eight blades performed well. Finally, it proves that, with a very low water head and low flow rate, the proposed system can perform and produce a significant power output for power generation.
Crystal structure of 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl 2-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)propanoate, C23H24O5
Authors: Jiang Dong-li , Liu Yang , Cui Ying , Li Rui 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
C23H24O5, monoclinic, C2 (no. 4), a = 23.958(2) Å, b = 5.8145(5) Å, c = 17.839(3) Å, β = 129.974(3)°, V = 1904.3(4) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt
(F) = 0.0435, wRref
(F
2) = 0.1140, T = 153(2) K.
Nietzsche’s Portrayal of Pyrrho
Authors: Hurrell David 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Nietzsche’s portrayal of Pyrrho is predominately contained in two of his notebooks from 1888, and they present a somewhat ambivalent attitude toward him. In this article, I offer an explanation for Nietzsche’s variegated observations, and contend that his interest in Pyrrho is not really founded upon his radical scepticism as one might expect. Rather, it is Nietzsche’s preoccupation with decadence in general – and its ancient Greek philosophical incarnations in particular – that drives his scrutiny of Pyrrho. I describe Nietzsche’s evolving depiction of Pyrrho as one that ultimately develops into a critique, whereby Pyrrho is associated with a number of types of decadence, as well as exhibiting the characteristic traits of a decadent. I close by examining the cogency and soundness of Nietzsche’s interpretation of Pyrrho as a specific exemplar of decadence.
PENGARUH ADVOKASI GERAKAN #NiUnaMenos DALAM PENINGKATAN KESADARAN MASYARAKAT AMERIKA LATIN PADA KEKERASAN TERHADAP PEREMPUAN
Authors: Putri Risna Auriel Eka 
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Latin America has become one of the regions with high rates of gender-based violence in the world. As of 2021, there were 4,473 women experiencing violence in Latin American countries. The Ni Una Menos movement emerged from grassroots movements in Argentina to combat violence against women and advocate for women's rights. Through the stages of mass mobilization theory, the Ni Una Menos movement can be considered fairly successful in advocating for issues and influencing existing policies. In addition to large-scale protests, advocacy is also carried out through social media using the hashtag #NiUnaMenos, which is still used in discussions about women's rights prosecutions and discussions and advocacy regarding awareness of violence against women. This movement has also been able to compel governments in various countries to take action to reduce gender-based violence. The efforts to increase awareness through the Ni Una Menos movement may not have completely succeeded in reducing the incidence of violence against women in Latin America, but this massive and popular feminist movement has been able to spread advocacy and declare that violence against women must be eradicated. Abstrak. Amerika Latin menjadi salah satu kawasan dengan angka kekerasan berbasis gender yang tinggi di dunia. Hingga tahun 2021, terdapat 4.473 wanita mengalami kekerasan di negara-negara Amerika Latin. Gerakan Ni Una Menos hadir dari gerakan-gerakan akar rumput di Argentina untuk melawan kekerasan terhadap perempuan dan menyuarakan hak-hak perempuan. Melalui tahapan teori mass mobilization, gerakan Ni Una Menos dapat dikatakan sebagai gerakan yang cukup berhasil dalam mengadvokasi isu dan memengaruhi kebijakan yang ada. Selain melalui protes besar-besaran, advokasi juga dilakukan melalui media sosial melalui tagar #NiUnaMenos yang hingga saat ini masih digunakan dalam pembahasan penuntutan hak-hak perempuan serta diskusi dan advokasi mengenai kesadaran terhadap kekerasan terhadap perempuan. Gerakan ini juga telah mampu mendorong pemerintah di berbagai negara untuk mengambil tindakan untuk menekan angka kekerasan berbasis gender. Upaya peningkatan kesadaran melalui gerakan Ni Una Menos ini memang belum secara 100% mampu untuk menekan angka kekerasan terhadap perempuan yang terjadi di Amerika Latin, tetapi gerakan feminis yang masif dan cukup populer ini mampu menyebarkan advokasi dan menyerukan bahwa kekerasan terhadap perempuan harus dihapuskan.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR PENDORONG MAHASISWA DALAM MELAKUKAN KEKERASAN VERBAL TERHADAP LAKI-LAKI FEMININ
Authors: Maula Ima Ismatul , Khoiriah Wahidah Itsniattin Nur , Erliana Elien , Laelasari Neng Desti Nur 
Published: April 2024

Abstract. This study aims to analyze the forms of verbal violence and the factors that encourage verbal violence against feminine men. The background of this research is the discovery of forms of discrimination or violence against feminine men in the environment around the research location. The method used in this research is a qualitative-descriptive approach with data collection techniques in the form of observation and interviews. The results and discussion in this study found three forms of verbal violence against feminine men, namely Labelling, Mocking and Negative Stereotyping. The results also show that there are five factors that encourage students to commit verbal violence against feminine men, namely Individual Factors, Environmental Factors, Family Factors, Religious Factors and Social Media Factors. Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bentuk-bentuk kekerasan verbal serta faktor yang mendorong terjadinya kekerasan verbal terhadap laki-laki feminin. Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah ditemukannya bentuk diskriminasi atau kekerasan terhadap laki-laki feminin di lingkungan sekitar lokasi penelitian. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif-deskriptif dengan teknik pengambilan data berupa observasi dan wawancara. Hasil dan pembahasan pada penelitian ini menemukan tiga bentuk kekerasan verbal terhadap laki-laki feminin, yaitu Labelling, Mengejek dan Stereotip Negatif. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan adanya lima faktor yang mendorong mahasiswa melakukan kekerasan verbal terhadap laki-laki feminin, yaitu Faktor Individu, Faktor Lingkungan, Faktor Keluarga, Faktor Agama dan Faktor Media Sosial.