bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient‐reported, clinical and radiological factors associated with the result after non‐surgical management of acute AC joint dislocation Rockwood type III and V
Authors: Haugaard Kristine B. , Bak K. , Ryberg D. , Muharemovic O. , Hölmich P. , Barfod K. W. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeThe treatment of Rockwood type III and V acromioclavicular (AC) joint dislocations is controversial, and an individualized treatment algorithm is yet to be developed. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of demographical, clinical, patient‐reported and radiological variables with the Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI) score and risk of surgery.MethodsInclusion criteria for this prospective cohort study were patients aged 18–60 with an acute AC joint dislocation with >25% increase in the coracoclavicular distance on bilateral Zanca radiographs. Patients were treated non‐surgically with 3 months of home‐based training and the option of delayed surgical intervention. The outcomes were the WOSI score and surgery yes/no. Demographical, clinical, patient‐reported (WOSI and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index [SPADI]) and radiological variables were collected at baseline and 6 weeks after the injury and investigated for association with the outcomes at 3 months, 6 months and 1 year.ResultsNinety‐five patients with Rockwood type III/V AC joint dislocation were included. Pre‐injury participation in overhead/collision sports was a risk factor for surgery with an odds ratio of 5 (p = 0.03). Reduced range of motion (ROM) at baseline was associated with reduced WOSI scores and increased risk of surgery. At 6 weeks, reduced ROM, increased SPADI and increased pain during cross‐over were associated with the outcomes. Radiological measurements were not correlated with the result. At the 6 weeks follow‐up, patients eventually requiring surgery could be detected with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 94% based on a SPADI score of >30 and a ROM ≤ 140° in shoulder flexion or abduction.ConclusionROM was the only variable consistently associated with both WOSI and risk of surgery. Six weeks after the injury, it was possible to detect patients in need of surgery based on ROM and SPADI with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 94%.Level of EvidenceLevel II.
Biochemical Variability of Nasal Cartilages: Implications in Functional Rhinoplasty
Authors: Kim Sul G. , Mims Mark M. , Menapace Denna C. , Stack Taylor , Shockley William W. , Clark J. Madison 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionNasal valve compromise is a common issue for patients presenting to an otolaryngologist. Anatomically, the dorsal septal cartilage (DSA) articulates with the upper lateral nasal cartilage (ULC). When the ULC weakens, it is prone to collapse and may result in nasal obstruction. Our objectives were to analyze histological differences between quadrangular and DSA nasal cartilages and compare histological composition of these tissues among patients with diagnosis of nasal valve compromise (NVC) versus those without NVC (no NVC).MethodsProspective cross‐sectional study of nasal cartilages from seventy‐three (73) live donors. Quadrangular cartilage (QC), and DSA from patients undergoing septorhinoplasty were collected. Safranin O histochemical staining was used to observe glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) content and cell count. Masson's Trichrome staining was used to assess collagen content in these nasal cartilages.ResultsMean GAG content was lower in DSA compared with QUAD cartilage (68.18% vs. 87.22%, p < 0.0001), and was lowest in DSA of patients with NVC (59.07%). Mean collagen content was higher in DSA compared with QUAD cartilage, (65.43% vs. 46.65%, p = 0.0002), and was highest in DSA of patients with NVC (74.86%).ConclusionThe DSA showed decreased GAG and increased collagen content compared with quadrangular cartilage. Within the DSA subsite, patients with presurgical NVC had the lowest GAG and highest collagen levels. This observation suggests that the biochemical composition of the DSA may contribute to its weakening, potentially resulting in its inability to withstand minor trauma and/or the effects of aging, ultimately leading to NVC.Level of EvidenceN/A Laryngoscope, 134:4252–4258, 2024
O‐B(F)←N Functionalized Copolymers with Delayed Fluorescence and P‐Type Semiconducting Characteristics
Authors: Wang Xiaoling , Tan Xueyan , Jian Junyang , Zheng Xueqiong , Zhao Jinying , Huang Jianhua 
Published: May 2024

AbstractConjugated polymers with integrating properties of delayed fluorescence and photovoltaic responses simultaneously are scarcely reported due to the generally contradictory requirements for molecular structures to achieve the two properties. Herein, an O‐B(F)←N functionalized fused unit (M) with multiple resonance features, small energy gap between lowest singlet excited state (S1) and triplet excited state (T1) (ΔEST = 0.23 eV), and delayed fluorescence (τD = 0.75 µs), is designed. Selecting three benzodithiophene (BDT) derivatives as co‐units to copolymerize with M, leading to a series of O‐B(F)←N embedded polymers also maintaining delayed fluorescence (τD = 0.4–0.5 µs). Moreover, p‐type semiconductor characteristics are tested for these polymers with hole mobilities in the range of 10−6–10−5 cm2/Vs. Devices with obviously photovoltaic responses are prepared using these polymers as donors and Y6 as the acceptor, affording a preliminary efficiency of 5.05%. This work successfully demonstrates an effective strategy to design conjugated polymers with integrating properties of delayed fluorescence and photovoltaic performance simultaneously by introducing O‐B(F)←N functional groups to polymer backbones.
Vertebral chemistry distinguishes regional populations of Blacktip Sharks in the northern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Hayne Abigail H. P. , Richards Travis M. , Drymon J. Marcus , Falterman Brett , Miller Nathan R. , Wells R. J. David , Mohan John A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective
Understanding the spatial connectivity of elasmobranch populations is critical for regional fisheries management. The Blacktip Shark Carcharhinus limbatus is abundant in coastal waters of the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) and important in recreational and commercial fisheries. Based on genetic and tagging studies, GoM Blacktip Sharks are currently managed under separate quotas between the eastern and western GoM (divided at 88°W), but no studies have used vertebral chemistry to assess the population structure of adult Blacktip Sharks.

Methods
We compared vertebral elemental signatures (barium [Ba], magnesium [Mg], manganese [Mn], strontium [Sr], and zinc [Zn]) for the first year of life with last occupied habitats (vertebral edges) in Blacktip Sharks collected from the western (Texas and Louisiana) and eastern (Alabama and Florida) coastal waters of the northern GoM.

Result
We found significant regional differences in Ba, Mg, Mn, and Sr vertebral edge signatures, suggesting ecological separation of Blacktip Sharks. Significant correlation between first-year and edge signatures suggested a high degree of residency between life stages. Cross-validated discriminant function analyses yielded highest regional classification accuracies when Florida sharks were grouped separately west of 88°W (90%), demonstrating the unique elemental signatures of eastern versus western GoM Blacktip Sharks under current management delineations.

Conclusion
Combined, these findings demonstrate that trace element markers can distinguish regional populations of Blacktip Sharks and provide a complimentary approach in addition to genetics and physical tagging to support current stock management efforts.
A series‐fed high‐quality linear array antenna for 5G maritime communications
Authors: Xie Lingxiao , Chi Lidong , Lin Bin , Qi Yihong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA compact series‐fed high‐quality linear array antenna for 5G maritime communication is proposed. Building upon the wideband high‐efficiency electromagnetic radiation structure (WHEMS), a linear integrated series‐fed method is proposed, enhancing applicability in maritime environments. A self‐decoupling structure without the parasitic elements is introduced, resulting in a 7 dB increase in isolation while achieving array spacing of less than half the wavelength. The antenna has an impedance bandwidth of 19.9% (676–825 MHz) to cover the maritime 700 MHz application band, a high gain of 13–14.2 dBi, and a smaller volume compared to classical Yagi arrays with the same gain level. Furthermore, it exhibits characteristics such as low wind load, cost‐effectiveness, and high voltage resistance. The proposed antenna will play a vital role in the construction of the current 5G maritime communication network.
Swin MoCo: Improving parotid gland MRI segmentation using contrastive learning
Authors: Xu Zi'an , Dai Yin , Liu Fayu , Wu Boyuan , Chen Weibing , Shi Lifu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundSegmentation of the parotid glands and tumors by MR images is essential for treating parotid gland tumors. However, segmentation of the parotid glands is particularly challenging due to their variable shape and low contrast with surrounding structures.PurposeThe lack of large and well‐annotated datasets limits the development of deep learning in medical images. As an unsupervised learning method, contrastive learning has seen rapid development in recent years. It can better use unlabeled images and is hopeful to improve parotid gland segmentation.MethodsWe propose Swin MoCo, a momentum contrastive learning network with Swin Transformer as its backbone. The ImageNet supervised model is used as the initial weights of Swin MoCo, thus improving the training effects on small medical image datasets.ResultsSwin MoCo trained with transfer learning improves parotid gland segmentation to 89.78% DSC, 85.18% mIoU, 3.60 HD, and 90.08% mAcc. On the Synapse multi‐organ computed tomography (CT) dataset, using Swin MoCo as the pre‐trained model of Swin‐Unet yields 79.66% DSC and 12.73 HD, which outperforms the best result of Swin‐Unet on the Synapse dataset.ConclusionsThe above improvements require only 4 h of training on a single NVIDIA Tesla V100, which is computationally cheap. Swin MoCo provides new approaches to improve the performance of tasks on small datasets. The code is publicly available at https://github.com/Zian‐Xu/Swin‐MoCo.
Understanding social determinants of health and physical therapy outcomes in patients with low back pain: A scoping review
Authors: Pottkotter Kristy , Hazlett Miriam , Mansfield Cody J. , Rethman Katherine , Fritz Julie M. , Quatman‐Yates Catherine C. , Briggs Matthew S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundLow back pain (LBP) is the number one cause of disability worldwide; however, it is not clear how social determinants of health (SDOH) impact care management and outcomes related to physical therapy (PT) services for patients with LBP.ObjectiveThe purposes of this scoping review are to examine and assimilate the literature on how SDOH and PT care relate to non‐specific LBP outcomes and identify gaps in the literature to target for future research.MethodsData were extracted from eight electronic databases from January 2011 to February 2022. Reviewers independently screened all studies using the PRISMA extension for scoping review guidelines. Data related to study design, type of PT, type of non‐specific LBP, patient demographics, PT intervention, SDOH, and PT outcomes were extracted from the articles.ResultsA total of 30,523 studies were screened, with 1961 articles undergoing full text review. Ultimately, 76 articles were identified for inclusion. Sex and age were the most frequent SDOH examined (88% and 78% respectively) followed by education level (18%). Approximately half of the studies that examined age, sex, and education level identified no effect on outcomes. The number of studies examining other factors was small and the types of outcomes evaluated were variable, which limited the ability to pool results.ConclusionsSex and age were the most frequent SDOH examined followed by education level. Other factors were evaluated less frequently, making it difficult to draw conclusions. Study design and heterogeneity of determinants and outcomes were barriers to examining the potential impact on patients with LBP.
An extended graphical solution for undrained cylindrical cavity expansion in K0‐consolidated Mohr–Coulomb soil
Authors: Wang Xu , Chen Sheng‐Li , Han Yan‐Hui , Abousleiman Younane N. , Lin Hai 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper develops a general and complete solution for the undrained cylindrical cavity expansion problem in nonassociated Mohr‐Coulomb soil under nonhydrostatic initial stress field (i.e., arbitrary values of the earth pressure coefficient), by expanding a unique and efficient graphical solution procedure recently proposed by Chen and Wang in 2022 for the special in situ stress case with . It is interesting to find that the cavity expansion deviatoric stress path is always composed of a series of piecewise straight lines, for all different case scenarios of K0 being involved. When the cavity is sufficiently expanded, the stress path will eventually end, exclusively, in a major sextant with Lode angle θ in between and or on the specific line of . The salient advantage/feature of the present general graphical approach lies in that it can deduce the cavity expansion responses in full closed form, nevertheless being free of the limitation of the intermediacy assumption for the vertical stress and of the difficulty existing in the traditional zoning method that involves cumbersome, sequential determination of distinct Mohr–Coulomb plastic regions. Some typical results for the desired cavity expansion curves and the limit cavity pressure are presented, to investigate the impacts of soil plasticity parameters and the earth pressure coefficient on the cavity responses. The proposed graphical method/solution will be of great value for the interpretation of pressuremeter tests in cohesive‐frictional soils.
Influence of synthesis conditions and raw materials on the properties of N‐chlorosulfonamides immobilized on granular styrene–divinylbenzene polymer carriers
Authors: Murashevych Bohdan , Girenko Dmitry , Stepanskyi Dmytro , Koshova Iryna , Toropin Nikolay , Burmistrov Konstantin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPolymer materials with immobilized functional groups–donors of active chlorine are widely used to create products with a microbiocidal effect and increased resistance to microbial contamination. In this work, various methods for the synthesis of granular styrene–divinylbenzene polymers with N‐chlorosulfonamide groups were investigated. It has been shown that the synthesis of polymers with chlorine‐active SO2NNaCl groups from a non‐functionalized styrene–divinylbenzene polymer matrix through the stage of its sulfochlorination with chlorosulfonic acid in dichloromethane for 6–7 h is optimal. These products contain approximately 11% of active chlorine and maintain a stable particle size distribution. When cation exchangers such as Purolite C100 are used as the initial polymer carrier, the content of chlorine‐active groups in the target product is approximately 9%, and an increase in the content of the dust fraction is observed. The obtained samples, regardless of the synthesis method, are capable of releasing active chlorine into solutions containing amino compounds. The microbial impurities in water also cause the emission of active chlorine in an amount that does not depend on the loading of the polymer, but is determined by the concentration of microbes, due to which a pronounced antimicrobial effect is observed. In this case, the resulting products do not cause further decomposition of the functional groups of the polymer, which indicates the high service life of the latter. The availability of raw materials, relative ease of synthesis, stability, possibility of regeneration and microbiocidal properties of the studied polymers make them promising for use as components of water and air purification systems and other products for medical and industrial purposes. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Improving forecasts of precipitation extremes over northern and central Italy using machine learning
Authors: Grazzini Federico , Dorrington Joshua , Grams Christian M. , Craig George C. , Magnusson Linus , Vitart Frederic 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe accurate prediction of intense precipitation events is one of the main objectives of operational weather services. This task is even more relevant nowadays, with the rapid progression of global warming which intensifies these events. Numerical weather prediction models have improved continuously over time, providing uncertainty estimation with dynamical ensembles. However, direct precipitation forecasting is still challenging. Greater availability of machine‐learning tools paves the way to a hybrid forecasting approach, with the optimal combination of physical models, event statistics, and user‐oriented postprocessing. Here we describe a specific chain, based on a random‐forest (RF) pipeline, specialised in recognising favourable synoptic conditions leading to precipitation extremes and subsequently classifying extremes into predefined types. The application focuses on northern and central Italy, taken as a testbed region, but is seamlessly extensible to other regions and time‐scales. The system is called MaLCoX (Machine Learning model predicting Conditions for eXtreme precipitation) and is running daily at the Italian regional weather service of ARPAE Emilia‐Romagna. MalCoX has been trained with the ARCIS gridded high‐resolution precipitation dataset as the target truth, using the last 20 years of the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reforecast dataset as input predictors. We show that, with a long enough training period, the optimal blend of larger‐scale information with direct model output improves the probabilistic forecast accuracy of extremes in the medium range. In addition, with specific methods, we provide a useful diagnostic to convey to forecasters the underlying physical storyline which makes a meteorological event extreme.
Boosting Up Electrosynthesis of Urea with Nitrate and Carbon Dioxide via Synergistic Effect of Metallic Iron Cluster and Single‐Atom
Authors: Li Zhiwen , Xu Mengqiu , Wang Jiaqian , Zhang Yifei , Liu Wen , Gu Xinrui , Han Zhong‐Kang , Ye Wei , Li Gao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractElectrocatalytic conversion of nitrates and carbon dioxide to urea under ambient conditions shows promise as a potential substitute for traditional urea synthesis processes characterized by high consumption and pollution. In this study, a straightforward one‐pot method is employed to prepare a highly efficient FeNC‐Fe1N4 electrocatalyst, consisting of atomically dispersed Fe1N4 sites and metallic Fe clusters (FeNC) with particle size of 4–7 nm. The FeNC‐Fe1N4 catalyst exhibits remarkable electrocatalytic activity for urea synthesis from nitrate anion (NO3−) and carbon dioxide (CO2), achieving a urea production rate of 38.2 mmol gcat−1 h−1 at −0.9 V (vs RHE) and a Faradaic efficiency of 66.5% at −0.6 V (vs RHE). Both experimental and theoretical results conclusively demonstrate that metallic Fe clusters and Fe1N4 species provide active sites for the adsorption and activation of NO3− and CO2, respectively, and the synergistic effect between Fe1N4 and metallic Fe clusters significantly enhances the electrochemical efficiency of urea synthesis. In all, this work contributes to the rational design and comprehensive synthesis of a dual‐active site iron‐based electrocatalyst, facilitating efficient and sustainable urea synthesis.
CAR T Cell Membrane Camouflaged Nanocatalyst Augments CAR T Cell Therapy Efficacy Against Solid Tumor
Authors: Wu Wenjing , Li Haimei , Chen Wenqi , Hu Yulin , Wang Zichen , She Wenyan , Huang Liang , Liu Yi , Jiang Peng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) reduces the chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy against solid tumors. Here, a CAR T cell membrane‐camouflaged nanocatalyst (ACSP@TCM) is prepared to augment CAR T cell therapy efficacy against solid tumors. ACSP@TCM is prepared by encapsulating core/shell Au/Cu2‐xSe and 3‐bromopyruvate with a CAR T cell membrane. It is demonstrated that the CAR T cell membrane camouflaging has much better‐targeting effect than the homologous tumors cell membrane camouflaging. ACSP@TCM has an appealing synergistic chemodynamic/photothermal therapy (CDT/PTT) effect that can induce the immunogenic cell death (ICD) of NALM 6 cells. Moreover, 3‐bromopyruvate can inhibit the efflux of lactic acid by inhibiting the glycolysis process, regulating the acidity of TME, and providing a more favorable environment for the survival of CAR T cells. In addition, the photoacoustic (PA) imaging and computed tomography (CT) imaging performance can guide the ACSP@TCM‐mediated tumor therapy. The results demonstrated that the ACSP@TCM significantly enhanced the CAR T cell therapy efficacy against NALM 6 solid tumor mass, and completely eliminated tumors. This work provides an effective tumor strategy for CAR T cell therapy in solid tumors.
3D Printed MXene‐Based Wire Strain Sensors with Enhanced Sensitivity and Anisotropy
Authors: Lu Jingqi , Zhu Guoyin , Wang Shaolong , Wu Chunjin , Qu Xinyu , Dong Xiaochen , Pang Huan , Zhang Yizhou 
Published: May 2024

AbstractStretchable strain sensors play a crucial role in intelligent wearable systems, serving as the interface between humans and environment by translating mechanical strains into electrical signals. Traditional fiber strain sensors with intrinsic uniform axial strain distribution face challenges in achieving high sensitivity and anisotropy. Moreover, existing micro/nano‐structure designs often compromise stretchability and durability. To address these challenges, a novel approach of using 3D printing to fabricate MXene‐based flexible sensors with tunable micro and macrostructures. Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) as a pore‐inducing agent is added into 3D printable inks to achieve controllable microstructural modifications. In addition to microstructure tuning, 3D printing is employed for macrostructural design modifications, guided by finite element modeling (FEM) simulations. As a result, the 3D printed sensors exhibit heightened sensitivity and anisotropy, making them suitable for tracking static and dynamic displacement changes. The proposed approach presents an efficient and economically viable solution for standardized large‐scale production of advanced wire strain sensors.
Cross‐Linking CdSO4‐Type Nets with Hexafluorosilicate Anions to Form an Ultramicroporous Material for Efficient C2H2/CO2 and C2H2/C2H4 Separation
Authors: Li Dan , Gao Mei‐Yan , Deng Cheng‐Hua , Li Guo‐Bi , Qin Shao‐Jie , Yang Qing‐Yuan , Song Bai‐Qiao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA 44.610.8 topology hybrid ultramicroporous material (HUM), {[Cu1.5F(SiF6)(L)2.5]·G}n, (L = 4,4′‐bisimidazolylbiphenyl, G = guest molecules), 1, formed by cross‐linking interpenetrated 3D four‐connected CdSO4‐type nets with hexafluorosilicate anions is synthesized and evaluated in the context of gas sorption and separation herein. 1 is the first HUM functionalized with two different types of fluorinated sites (SiF62− and F− anions) lining along the pore surface. The optimal pore size (≈5 Å) combining mixed and high‐density electronegative fluorinated sites enable 1 to preferentially adsorb C2H2 over CO2 and C2H4 by hydrogen bonding interactions with a high C2H2 isosteric heat of adsorption (Qst) of ≈42.3 kJ mol−1 at zero loading. The pronounced discriminatory sorption behaviors lead to excellent separation performance for C2H2/CO2 and C2H2/C2H4 that surpasses many well‐known sorbents. Dynamic breakthrough experiments are conducted to confirm the practical separation capability of 1, which reveal an impressive separation factor of 6.1 for equimolar C2H2/CO2 mixture. Furthermore, molecular simulation and density functional theory (DFT) calculations validate the strong binding of C2H2 stems from the chelating fix of C2H2 between SiF62− anion and coordinated F− anion.