bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Six Weeks of Balance Training Improves Sensorimotor Function in Individuals With Chronic Ankle Instability
Authors: Sefton Joellen M. , Yarar Ceren , Hicks-Little Charlie A. , Berry Jack W. , Cordova Mitchell L. 
Published: March 2011

Study Design Prospective cohort study. Objective To assess the effect of 6 weeks of balance training on sensorimotor measures previously found to be deficient in participants with chronic ankle instability (CAI). Background CAI is the tendency toward repeated ankle sprains and recurring symptoms, occurring in 40% to 70% of individuals who have previously sustained a lateral ankle sprain. Recent studies have found deficits in sensorimotor measures in individuals with CAI. As balance training is a common component of ankle rehabilitation, understanding its effect on the sensorimotor system in individuals with CAI may enable us to optimize protocols to better utilize this rehabilitation method. Methods Twelve participants with CAI and 9 healthy volunteers participated. Independent variables were group (CAI, control) and time (pretraining, posttraining). Participants with CAI who completed a 6-week balance training program and healthy controls who did not get any training were pretested and posttested at the beginning and at the end of 6 weeks. Results The individuals in the CAI group who performed balance training demonstrated better performance than control participants on baseline-adjusted posttraining measures of dynamic balance in the anterior medial (P = .021), medial (P = .048), and posterior medial directions (P = .030); motoneuron pool excitability Hmax/Mmax ratio (P = .044) and single-limb presynaptic inhibition (P = .012); and joint position sense inversion variable error (P = .017). It may be of note that no systematic differences were detected for static balance or plantar flexion joint position sense tasks. Conclusions After 6 weeks of balance training, individuals with CAI demonstrated enhanced dynamic balance, inversion joint position sense, and changes in motoneuron pool excitability compared to healthy controls who did not train. Level of Evidence Therapy, level 2b. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(2):81–89, Epub 10 November 2010. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.3365
Ireland's Architecture of Containment: Concealed Citizens and Sites Bereft of Bodies
Authors: Greene Kellie 
Published: March 2011

With Irish Independence being granted in1922, the Irish Catholic Hierarchy and the Irish Politicians with their new found power embarked on the complex and highly fraught project of forging a new Irish Nationalist identity. In the decades which followed, the officially named “Irish Freestate” became a nationwide network of asylums, reformatory schools, industrial schools, Magdalen Asylums and Mother and Baby homes. A mere two years after the declaration of Irish independence, it was reported that “there were more children in industrial schools in the twenty-six counties of Ireland than were in all the industrial schools in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland put together,” (Raftery, O'Sullivan: 1999: 69, 72). Likewise, Rafferty and O'Sullivan claim that between 1869 and 1969 approximately 105,000 children were committed to industrial schools and that at its peak, the system consisted of 71 such institutions (1999: 20). This paper will draw on the experiences of my younger brother and I as we spent a combined total of 18 years in four such institutions in the Republic of Ireland in the 1980s and 1990s. In the terms of much of the current literature on what is sometimes referred to as “coercive confinement” (O'Sullivan & O'Donnell, 2008: 32) we are amongst thousands of survivors of a state-sponsored and Church-administered system that as An Taoiseach, Bertie Ahern acknowledged in his ‘apology’ speech of 1999, all too often “denied children the care and security that they needed”, and worse still, perpetrated “grave wrongs”. With the recent conclusion of our 17 year legal battle with the Irish Catholic church and State and with research I am undertaking for my PhD project, “Remembering and (Re)Presenting Lives Within Care” I will recall the event where my brother and I were taken beneath the Four Courts in Dublin, an airless subterranean trap, and asked to trade away our voices. We have learned that in the face of the most insidious forms of State violence, one doesn't breathe to speak, one needs to speak to breathe. This is the story of our combat breathing.
« Le règne de la nécessité » borne-t-il l'émancipation sociale ?
Authors: Sobel Richard 
Published: March 2011

Résumé Quels rapports peuvent se nouer entre travail et liberté, dès lors que le travail n’est plus essentiellement vécu comme la marque sociale de l’aliénation de la liberté dans l’économie ? C’est Marx qui élabore pour la première fois et avec beaucoup de rigueur cette question, en formulant la théorie des deux règnes, celui de la nécessité et celui de la liberté dans le cadre de l’utopie communiste. Pour autant, sa position du problème n’est pas sans maintenir toute une série d’ambiguïtés. En nous appuyant sur les analyses contrastées de Simone Weil et d’André Gorz, nous montrons la dépendance de toute pensée de l’émancipation vis-à-vis d’une philosophie de la liberté qui assume (Gorz) ou qui n’assume pas (Weil) une certaine épaisseur irréductible de tout collectif humain, c’est-à-dire une indépassable hétéronomie de la condition humaine.
Existe-t-il une fracture numérique dans l'usage de l'administration en ligne ?
Authors: Bacache-Beauvallet Maya , Bounie David , François Abel 
Published: March 2011

Résumé Cet article étudie l’usage de l’administration en ligne afin de déterminer si, parmi les utilisateurs d’Internet, les services e-administratifs bénéficient davantage à certaines catégories de la population. Nous proposons trois types de déterminants à ces usages : les contraintes de l’offre par les administrations, les besoins des administrés et les coûts d’accès et de traitement des informations en ligne. À partir de données françaises individuelles de 2005 ( insee ) et en contrôlant le biais de sélection lié à l’usage d’Internet, nous montrons que, parmi les utilisateurs d’Internet, les personnes qui utilisent plus les sites administratifs bénéficient de transferts sociaux et ont des compétences et un usage plus développés d’Internet et de l’informatique. De plus, les revenus n’ont pas d’effets sur la probabilité conditionnelle d’usage de l’e-administration. Ces résultats indiquent que la fracture numé­rique ne s’accompagne pas d’une fracture liée aux revenus dans l’usage de l’e-administration. En revanche, nous montrons qu’il existe une fracture liée aux compétences informatiques et au niveau de formation.
La relation entre flux d'entrées nets et performance des fonds
Authors: Bellando Raphaëlle , Tran-Dieu Linh 
Published: March 2011

Résumé Cet article étudie la relation entre les flux nets et la rentabilité relative des fonds actions français pendant la période 1992-2007. En utilisant la méthode des doubles clusters, on montre qu’il existe une relation convexe entre les flux nets et le rang de performance d’un fonds pour l’année précédente. Ainsi, au sein des fonds « stars », le rang de performance influence positivement l’attractivité du fonds, alors que pour les fonds de performance relative moyenne ou faible il n’y a pas d’effet des performances passées. Nous montrons également que les classements des fonds se fondent vraisemblablement sur des horizons courts, au sein de catégories distinguant seulement la spécialisation géographique des fonds et que le risque individuel des fonds ne semble pas affecter ces choix. Toutefois, la relation flux performance est quantitativement et qualitativement moins marquée que dans le cas américain, ce qui traduit probablement les spécificités françaises en matière de distribution des fonds. Comme dans le cas américain, la convexité est plus importante pour les « jeunes » fonds. Enfin, la convexité n’apparaît que dans les segments les moins spécialisés du marché (France et Europe).
Chocs, chocs de volatilité et contagion entre les marchés boursiers
Authors: Bensafta Kamel Malik , Gervasio Semedo 
Published: March 2011

Résumé	Cet article étudie, à travers un échantillon de onze indices, la dynamique multi-variée des rendements de différents marchés boursiers d’Europe, d’Amérique du Nord et d’Asie entre 1985 et 2007, particulièrement en période de crise. Les moyennes conditionnelles des rendements des marchés sont modélisées à l’aide d’une spécification var contrainte, tandis que leurs variances conditionnelles sont modélisées par une spécification garch multi-variée. L’objectif de l’article est de montrer l’existence de multiples régimes de variance obtenus par l’algorithme icss hétéroscédastique et d’utiliser cette particularité pour corriger la mesure de la persistance des volatilités. De même, il estime les transmissions en variance et permet de tester la non-contagion basée sur la stabilité des corrélations croisées. Si on ne peut rejeter l’hypothèse de corrélation constante, alors on ne peut rejeter l’hypothèse d’absence de contagion. Nos résultats sur la transmission en moyenne confirment l’effet significatif des prix américains sur les prix des actions des autres marchés. Également, il y a transmission presque en sens unique de la volatilité du marché américain vers les centres. Il existe aussi des transmissions régionales au sein de l’Europe et de l’Asie. Concernant les corrélations croisées des marchés, l’analyse dynamique montre leur caractère asymétrique et instable. Enfin, l’étude de la corrélation en période de crise indique que, mis à part le krach américain d’octobre 1987, toutes les crises ne sont pas systématiquement contagieuses. Au final, il n’est pas aussi évident que l’ouverture progressive des marchés et la libéralisation financière isolent les marchés des crises financières diverses. Les crises et le phénomène de contagion en période de crise peuvent être considérés comme des processus d’ajustement des marchés qui nécessitent cependant des mécanismes de régulation et de supervision. vargarchicss
Chlorides and moisture assessment in concrete by GPR full waveform inversion
Authors: Kalogeropoulos A. , van der Kruk J. , Hugenschmidt J. , Busch S. , Merz K. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTCorrosion of rebar within reinforced concrete is a major problem for countries where salt is applied to roads for de‐icing. Concrete structures are periodically inspected in order to monitor possible damage caused by chloride‐induced corrosion of the reinforcement. However, the available drilling and visual inspections do not supply sufficient spatial information or can only be assessed in advanced stages of corrosion, respectively. Consequently, the condition of bridge decks can only be assessed with low certainty. Therefore, a spatially continuous and non‐destructive method detecting chloride in concrete structures is desirable. This paper describes a novel method to estimate material properties using the full‐waveform inversion of bistatic off‐ground ground penetrating radar data. In this way, all information present in the ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) traces is used, which enables the estimation of quantitative electromagnetic properties. A critical step for full‐waveform inversion is a proper characterization of our horn antenna GPR system by estimating the phase centre and the effective wavelet using measurements over a stainless steel plate. The inversion of GPR data measured over nine concrete specimens having different moisture and chloride contents returned a relative dielectric permittivity and a conductivity that included a frequency‐dependent component. As expected, the inversion results for almost all specimens showed for increasing chloride and humidity content specimens increasing conductivity and permittivity values, respectively. In contrast to traditional ray‐based techniques we were able to distinguish between moisture and chloride effects and to obtain quantitative values for the permittivity and conductivity. For increasing chloride content increasing frequency‐dependent conductivity values were obtained.
Convergence of the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 1- and Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3-β–Signaling Pathways Regulates the Innate Inflammatory Response
Authors: Wang Huizhi , Brown Jonathan , Gu Zhen , Garcia Carlos A. , Liang Ruqiang , Alard Pascale , Beurel Eléonore , Jope Richard S. , Greenway Terrance , Martin Michael 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
The PI3K pathway and its regulation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) play pivotal roles in controlling inflammation. In this article, we show that mTORC1 and GSK3-β converge and that the capacity of mTORC1 to affect the inflammatory response is due to the inactivation of GSK3-β. Inhibition of mTORC1 attenuated GSK3 phosphorylation and increased its kinase activity. Immunoprecipitation and in vitro kinase assays demonstrated that GSK3-β associated with a downstream target of mTORC1, p85S6K, and phosphorylated GSK3-β. Inhibition of S6K1 abrogated the phosphorylation of GSK3-β while increasing and decreasing the levels of IL-12 and IL-10, respectively, in LPS-stimulated monocytes. In contrast, the direct inhibition of GSK3 attenuated the capacity of S6K1 inhibition to influence the levels of IL-10 and IL-12 produced by LPS-stimulated cells. At the transcriptional level, mTORC1 inhibition reduced the DNA binding of CREB and this effect was reversed by GSK3 inhibition. As a result, mTORC1 inhibition increased the levels of NF-κB p65 associated with CREB-binding protein. Inhibition of NF-κB p65 attenuated rapamycin’s ability to influence the levels of pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokine production in monocytes stimulated with LPS. These studies identify the molecular mechanism by which mTORC1 affects GSK3 and show that mTORC1 inhibition regulates pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production via its capacity to inactivate GSK3.
The Acquisition of Antigen Cross-Presentation Function by Newly Formed Dendritic Cells
Authors: Sathe Priyanka , Pooley Joanne , Vremec David , Mintern Justine , Jin Jun-O , Wu Li , Kwak Jong-Young , Villadangos Jose A. , Shortman Ken 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
The development of Ag-presenting functions by murine dendritic cells (DCs) of the CD8+ DC lineage was studied using a Flt-3 ligand stimulated bone-marrow culture system. Although newly formed DCs of this lineage are capable of Ag uptake and efficient presentation to T cells on MHC class II, they initially lack the ability to cross-present exogenous Ags on MHC class I. Cross-presentation capacity is acquired as a subsequent maturation step, promoted by cytokines such as GM-CSF. The development of cross-presentation capacity by the DCs in these cultures may be monitored by the parallel development of DC surface expression of CD103. However, the expression of CD103 and cross-presentation capacity are not always linked; therefore, CD103 is not an essential part of the cross-presentation machinery. These results explain the considerable variability in CD103 expression by CD8+ DCs as well as the findings that not all DCs of this lineage are capable of cross-presentation.
Experiences of Mindfulness Training in Living with Rheumatic Disease: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis
Authors: Hawtin Holly , Sullivan Cath 
Published: March 2011

Introduction: This study examined the experiences of mindfulness training for five adults living with rheumatic disease. Method: Focus group data were used to explore the experience and impact of mindfulness training in participants aged between 46 and 69 years diagnosed with psoriatic arthritis, fibromyalgia or rheumatoid arthritis. All participants had completed an 8-week Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) programme 6 months prior to the study. Findings: Interpretative phenomenological analysis produced two themes: ‘responding to pain’ and ‘psychological wellbeing’. All participants spoke similarly and with enthusiasm, reflecting the strength of the impact of mindfulness upon the daily lives of these individuals. Methodological limitations are considered along with clinical applications and suggestions for future research. Conclusion: The findings from this study reinforce the outcomes of previous research and indicate that mindfulness has the potential to improve the health and wellbeing of individuals living with rheumatic disease.
Investigation of Energy‐Relevant Materials with Synchrotron X‐Rays and Neutrons
Authors: Manke Ingo , Markötter Henning , Tötzke Christian , Kardjilov Nikolay , Grothausmann Roman , Dawson Martin , Hartnig Christoph , Haas Sylvio , Thomas Diana , Hoell Armin , Genzel Christoph , Banhart John 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMany materials used for energy conversion have a complex structure and chemical composition, knowledge of which is important for both understanding the function of materials and energy conversion systems and for their further development. Synchrotron radiation and neutrons can make an important contribution to understanding the function of such systems. Taking examples from the fields of fuel cells, gas separation membranes, batteries, solar cells, and catalysts, the use of radiography, tomography, diffraction, scattering, and absorption edge spectroscopy is demonstrated. The strength of such methods is the in situ characterization of processes and compositions, and so the focus is on these aspects.
Synthesis of Au–CdS Core–Shell Hetero‐Nanorods with Efficient Exciton–Plasmon Interactions
Authors: Li Min , Yu Xue‐Feng , Liang Shan , Peng Xiao‐Niu , Yang Zhong‐Jian , Wang Ya‐Lan , Wang Qu‐Quan 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe synthesis of large lattice mismatch metal‐semiconductor core–shell hetero‐nanostructures remains challenging, and thus the corresponding optical properties are seldom discussed. Here, we report the gold‐nanorod‐seeded growth of Au–CdS core–shell hetero‐nanorods by employing Ag2S as an interim layer that favors CdS shell formation through a cation‐exchange process, and the subsequent CdS growth, which can form complete core–shell structures with controllable shell thickness. Exciton–plasmon interactions observed in the Au–CdS nanorods induce shell thickness‐tailored and red‐shifted longitudinal surface plasmon resonance and quenched CdS luminescence under ultraviolet light excitation. Furthermore, the Au–CdS nanorods demonstrate an enhanced and plasmon‐governed two‐photon luminescence under near‐infrared pulsed laser excitation. The approach has potential for the preparation of other metal‐semiconductor hetero‐nanomaterials with complete core–shell structures, and these Au–CdS nanorods may open up intriguing new possibilities at the interface of optics and electronics.
Multistage Coloring Electrochromic Device Based on TiO2 Nanotube Arrays Modified with WO3 Nanoparticles
Authors: Song Yan‐Yan , Gao Zhi‐Da , Wang Jian‐Hua , Xia Xing‐Hua , Lynch Robert 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWO3 nanoparticles loaded in TiO2 nanotube arrays, fabricated by a chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique in combination with a pyrolysis process, is uniform and the diameter can be easily adjusted by the deposition times. The resultant hybrid nanotubes array shows a multistage coloring electrochromic response at different potential bias. The formation of a 3‐dimensional WO3/TiO2 junction promotes unidirectional charge transport due to the one‐dimensional features of the tubes, which leads to the significant positive‐shift onset potential of the cathodic reaction (ion insertion) and the highly increased proton storage capacity. Compared to non‐decorated nanotube arrays, the enhanced electrochromic properties of longer lifetime, higher contrast ratio (bleaching time/coloration time), and improved tailored electrochromic behavior could be achieved using the composite films.
Degradable Conjugated Polymers: Synthesis and Applications in Enrichment of Semiconducting Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Wang Wei Zhi , Li Wei Feng , Pan Xiao Yong , Li Chang Ming , Li Lain‐Jong , Mu Yu Guang , Rogers John A , Chan‐Park Mary B. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPolymers which enrich semiconducting single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and are also removable after enrichment are highly desirable for achieving high‐performance field‐effect transistors (FETs). We have designed and synthesized a new class of alternating copolymers containing main‐chain fluorene and hydrofluoric acid (HF) degradable disilane for sorting and preferentially suspending semiconducting nanotube species. The results of optical absorbance, photoluminescence emission, and resonant Raman scattering show that poly[(9,9‐dioctylfluorenyl‐2,7‐diyl)‐alt‐co‐1,1,2,2‐tetramethyl‐disilane] preferentially suspends semiconducting nanotubes with larger chiral angle (25°–28°) and larger diameter (1.03 nm–1.17 nm) (specifically (8,7), (9,7) and (9,8) species) present in HiPCO nanotube samples. Computer simulation shows that P1 preferentially interacts with (8,7) (semiconducting) over (7,7) (metallic) species, confirming that P1 selects larger diameter, larger chiral angle semiconducting tubes. P1 wrapped on the surface of SWNTs is easily washed off through degradation of the disilane bond of the alternating polymer main chain in HF, yielding “clean” purified SWNTs. We have applied the semiconducting species enriched SWNTs to prepare solution‐processed FET devices with random nanotube network active channels. The devices exhibit stable p‐type semiconductor behavior in air with very promising characteristics. The on/off current ratio reaches up to 15 000, with on‐current level of around 10 μA and estimated hole mobility of 5.2 cm2 V−1 s−1.
Electrochemically Stimulated Release from Liposomes Embedded in a Polyelectrolyte Multilayer
Authors: Graf Norma , Albertini Francesco , Petit Tristan , Reimhult Erik , Vörös Janos , Zambelli Tomaso 
Published: March 2011

AbstractTriggered release of an entrapped dye from vesicles embedded in a polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM), as a consequence of the electrochemically induced local pH change in the vicinity of the electrode, is reported. The PEM was deposited on an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode wherein lipid vesicles filled with a fluorescent dye were embedded. The use of vesicles with a strong negative charge and the polyelectrolyte species of the PEM matrix with a polycation as topmost layer enabled the generation of a stable layer of liposomes in the PEM.
A statistical method for velocity detection in moving powder beds using image analysis
Authors: Willemsz Tofan A. , Tran Thanh N. , van der Hoeven Martijn , Hooijmaijers Ricardo , Frijlink Henderik W. , Vromans Herman , van der Voort Maarschalk Kees 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAn existing method to measure particle velocity is particle image velocimetry which requires presence of tracer materials. This method of contrast enhancement is not always applicable in an industrial setting. Therefore a method to assess the movement of small, structures has been introduced, called powder surface velocimetry (PSV). The principle of PSV is to follow the movement of small structures on the surface of the powder bed. The displacement of the structure is correlated with velocity. The rate of the blade of a blender was quantified to assess the validity of PSV. Next the powder surface velocity of lactose 100 M was measured by PSV and was found to be in line with expected values and flow regimes. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012