bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Military shipbuilding in the Volga region (XVIII-early XX centuries) in Russian historiography
Authors: Alekseev Timofei Vladimirovich , Belenovich Oleg Veniaminovich 
Published: June 2024

The article is devoted to the problem of the emergence and development of the industrial base of military shipbuilding in pre-revolutionary Russia in the Volga region. Its purpose is to analyze the work of domestic researchers on this problem, to identify on this basis the features of the shipbuilding industry in the region, to create a complete picture of its formation and development. The study was conducted within the framework of the individual periods proposed by the author, the grounds for which were both fluctuations in Russia's foreign policy in the Caspian Sea region and changes in the technical and technological aspects of shipbuilding itself. Special attention is paid to the emergence and activities of two major centers of Volga shipbuilding – the admiralty in Kazan and Astrakhan, attention is paid to the development of their production infrastructure, as well as their personnel and logistical support. The research uses both general philosophical methods of analysis and ascent from the concrete to the abstract, as well as special historical methods: chronological, periodization and comparative historical. It is revealed that organized state military shipbuilding in the Volga region arose both to implement the goals of Russia's eastern policy and to meet the needs for shipbuilding materials of the fleet being built on the Baltic Sea. The limited foreign policy goals in the Caspian Sea region predetermined the specific appearance of the shipbuilding industry formed in the Volga region. The conclusion is made about the commensurate development of the shipbuilding base in the Volga region to the level of threats to Russia's national security that existed in the Caspian Sea region during the period under study. It is emphasized that a specific feature of the shipbuilding industry's production and logistics infrastructure in the Volga region was its focus on providing strategic materials to other shipbuilding centers in Russia, primarily those working in the interests of the Baltic Fleet. The problems and issues of the history of military shipbuilding in the Volga region that require further study are shown.
The date of the foundation of the first permanent Ingush settlement in the area of modern Nazran
Authors: Albogachiev Magomed Mikhailovich 
Published: June 2024

This work is devoted to the migration processes that took place in the XVII-XVIII centuries among the Ingush tribes, which eventually led to the foundation of the first permanent Ingush settlement in the area of the modern city of Nazran. The analysis of information from historical sources on this issue, as well as the main versions that exist today, is carried out. At the republican scientific and practical conference "historical determination of the date of formation of Nazran", held on July 15, 2000, it was decided to consider the date of foundation of Nazran as 1781. However, some researchers still express the opinion that Ingush settlements in the Nazran valley began to arise only at the beginning of the XIX century. The purpose of the article is to confirm the validity of the officially established date of the founding of Nazran on the basis of data from historical sources. And also to show that the development of the territory of the Nazran valley by Ingush tribes began in the XVII century. To achieve the purpose of the article, the author drew on a significant amount of scientific literature and archival data, comparing them with information from Ingush folklore. The novelty of this work lies in the fact that the issue of the foundation of Nazran is considered in the context of migration processes that took place among the Ingush tribes in the XVII-XIX centuries. Historical works on the history of the development of the territory of the Nazran Valley are summarized, comparing them with information from Ingush folklore. In the course of the research, the author comes to the following key conclusions: information from various sources related to this issue are consistent and complement each other; Ingush tribes began to develop the territory of the Nazran Valley in the XVII century, and the first permanent settlement in this territory appeared in 1780-1781. This happened after they concluded an agreement with the Kabardian and Kumyk princes.
Analysis of Sources and Diversification of Farmers' Household Income Around PT Jembayan Muara Bara, Tenggarong Seberang Sub-district, Indonesia
Authors: Agustin Haidry Dwita , Aswin  , Saragih Bernatal 
Published: June 2024

Most farming households depend entirely on sources of income from the agricultural sector, especially on-farm farming, this has the potential for quite a high risk of crop failure which results in a decrease in household income. Diversification of sources of income is aimed at creating wider employment opportunities, improving the economy in the agricultural and rural sectors, as well as developing services and service activities through linkages between agriculture and rural and non-agricultural sectors. The problem in realizing food security today is that the population continues to increase but rice production tends to decrease, thus affecting farmers' income in spending to meet basic needs, namely food. This study was conducted to find out the sources of income earned and the proportion of food expenditure of farmer households around PT Jembayan Muara Bara in Tenggarong Seberang subdistrict., Kutai Kartanegara Regency. This research was conducted in Mulawarman, Buana Jaya, Suka Maju, and Bukit Pariaman Villages, Tenggarong Seberang subdistrict. It rans from July 2023 to March 2024. Site selection is done by Purposive Sampling. Sampling using the method (Non Proportional Random Sampling) The number of samples is equalized in each village taking 25 families per village so that the total number of samples is 100 families. The types of data collected are primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques with observation, and interviews. The results showed that sources of income in the study area, apart from farming activities, namely by working as mining employees, traders, builders, stone diggers, masseurs, farm workers, RT heads, Honorary, and civil servants; The average total family income per month ranges from IDR 2,500,000.00 to IDR 8,800,000.00. The average per capita income per month ranges from IDR 910,152.00 to IDR 1,362,339.00, while the distribution of income per sample capita per month is between IDR 416,667.00 to IDR 2,500,000.00; and the proportion of food expenditure by farmer households ranges from 50.72% - 54.51%, while the proportion of non-food expenditure by farmer households ranges from 45.45 - 49.25%.
A Parallel Circuit Model for Multi‐State Resistive‐Switching Random Access Memory
Authors: Chen Albert B. K. , Choi Byung Joon , Yang Xiang , Chen I.‐Wei 
Published: December 2011

AbstractLarge, rapidly growing literature is available on bipolar resistive‐switching random access memories (RRAM) made of myriad of simple and advanced materials. Many of them exhibit similar resistance switching behavior but, until now, no unifying model can allow quantification of their voltage and time responses. Using a simple parallel circuit model, these responses of a newly discovered RRAM made of a thin‐film random material are successfully analyzed. The analysis clearly reveals a large population of intermediate states with remarkably similar switching characteristics. Such modeling framework based on simple circuit constructs also appears applicable to several RRAM made of other materials. This simple approach to analyze data write/rewrite and memory retention in RRAM may aid their further understanding and development.
Psychosocial and other working conditions: Variation by employment arrangement in a sample of working Australians
Authors: LaMontagne Anthony D. , Smith Peter M. , Louie Amber M. , Quinlan Michael , Ostry Aleck S. , Shoveller Jean 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe evidence linking precarious employment with poor health is mixed. Self‐reported occupational exposures in a population‐based Australian sample were assessed to investigate the potential for differential exposure to psychosocial and other occupational hazards to contribute to such a relationship, hypothesizing that exposures are worse under more precarious employment arrangements (EA).MethodsVarious psychoscial and other working conditions were modeled in relation to eight empirically derived EA categories with Permanent Full‐Time (PFT) as the reference category (N = 925), controlling for sex, age, and occupational skill level.ResultsMore precarious EA were associated with higher odds of adverse exposures. Casual Full‐Time workers had the worst exposure profile, showing the lowest job control, as well as the highest odds of multiple job holding, shift work, and exposure to four or more additional occupational hazards. Fixed‐Term Contract workers stood out as the most likely to report job insecurity. Self‐employed workers showed the highest job control, but also the highest odds of long working hours.ConclusionsPsychosocial and other working conditions were generally worse under more precarious EA, but patterns of adverse occupational exposures differ between groups of precariously employed workers. Am. J. Ind. Med. 55:93–106, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The burden of occupational injury: A 1‐year prospective study in Xuan Tien Commune, Viet Nam
Authors: Marucci‐Wellman Helen , Leamon Tom B. , Binh Ta Thi Tuyet , Diep Nguyen Bich , Wegman David H. , Kriebel David 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackgroundDeveloping nations carry a substantial portion of the global burden of injury, but without reliable injury surveillance, there is no way to characterize or prioritize the causes of work‐related injury for prevention.MethodsInjury data from 52 treatment sites in the Xuan Tien Commune, Vietnam with over 10,000 inhabitants were collected between January 1 and December 31, 2006. Injured residents were interviewed to determine work‐relatedness, relevant causes, disability, and burden.ResultsFive hundred four work‐related injuries were reported from formal treatment sites (incidence rate of 87 per 1,000 FTE) with a mean lost work day of 11 days. Four thousand five hundred seventy‐four lost work day equivalents were estimated based on actual days lost to recover plus work days lost earning income to pay for medical costs, accumulating a total direct burden to the community of 8,641 lost work day equivalents. Almost half of that burden was caused by work in manufacturing. First aid boxes placed in 40 manufacturing enterprises yielded the 2nd highest reporting source.ConclusionThis study demonstrated the feasibility and value at the local level to build an active injury surveillance system which could have a large impact on preventing the burden of injuries in workplaces in Vietnam. Am. J. Ind. Med. 55:205–216, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Piloting a personal protection equipment distribution program among Chicago day laborers
Authors: Contreras Elizabeth , Buchanan Susan 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackgroundOccupational injury rates among day laborers have been estimated to be as high as 31%, where lack of personal protective equipment (PPE) use is repeatedly noted as a contributor to occupational injuries.MethodsWe distributed duffel bags containing nine pieces of PPE and provided training on their use to Chicago day laborers during six distribution sessions over two summers. Participants were contacted 4–8 weeks post‐distribution and queried on PPE use.ResultsOf 117 participants who received the equipment, 42 completed the follow‐up survey. Workers performed construction, demolition, and painting type tasks and most often used gloves, safety glasses, and respirators. Hardhats, coveralls, and earplugs were the least used.ConclusionsThe PPE we provided was used during 94% of the jobs, and every one of the nine items was used. Hearing protection was underused. This project showed that providing PPE, along with training on its use, may increase PPE use among Chicago day laborers, likely preventing occupational injuries. Am. J. Ind. Med. 55:159–166, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A comparison of the ghent and revised ghent nosologies for the diagnosis of marfan syndrome in an adult korean population
Authors: Yang Jeong Hoon , Han Hyejin , Jang Shin Yi , Moon Ju Ryoung , Sung Kiick , Chung Tae‐Young , Lee Heung Jae , Ki Chang‐Seok , Kim Duk‐Kyung 
Published: December 2011

AbstractRecently, a revised Ghent nosology has been established for the diagnosis of Marfan syndrome (MFS) that puts more weight on the aortic root aneurysm and ectopia lentis. We compared the application of the Ghent and revised Ghent nosologies in adult Korean patients for whom there is suspicion of MFS. From January 1995 to June 2010, we enrolled 106 patients older than 20 years for whom there was suspicion of MFS, and who had undergone genetic analysis of the fibrillin‐1 gene (FBN1). Of 106 patients, 86 patients (81%) fulfilled the criteria of the Ghent nosology, and 84 patients (79%) met the criteria of the revised Ghent nosology. The two patients who met the Ghent nosology criteria, but not the criteria of the revised Ghent nosology were diagnosed with Loeys–Dietz syndrome and MASS phenotype. The level of agreement between both nosologies was very high (κ = 0.94, 95% confidence interval: 0.86 to 1.0). Marfan‐like syndromes were diagnosed in 30% (6/20 patients) with negative Ghent and revised Ghent criteria and no FBN1 mutations. These results suggest that adult Korean patients who fulfill the old Ghent criteria almost all fulfill the new criteria for the diagnosis of MFS. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Etiology of Potentially Primordial Biomolecular Structures: From Vitamin B12to the Nucleic Acids and an Inquiry into the Chemistry of Life’s Origin: A Retrospective
Authors: Eschenmoser Albert 
Published: December 2011

Abstract“We’ll never be able to know” is a truism that leads to resignation with respect to any experimental effort to search for the chemistry of life’s origin. But such resignation runs radically counter to the challenge imposed upon chemistry as a natural science. Notwithstanding the prognosis according to which the shortest path to understanding the metamorphosis of the chemical into the biological is by way of experimental modeling of “artificial chemical life”, the scientific search for the route nature adopted in creating the life we know will arguably never truly end. It is, after all, part of the search for our own origin.
Chitosan‐polyvinyl alcohol‐sulfonated polyethersulfone mixed‐matrix membranes as methanol‐barrier electrolytes for DMFCs
Authors: Meenakshi S. , Bhat S. D. , Sahu A. K. , Sridhar P. , Pitchumani S. , Shukla A. K. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractChitosan (CS)‐polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) cross‐linked with sulfosuccinic acid (SSA) and modified with sulfonated polyethersulfone (SPES) mixed‐matrix membranes are reported for their application in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). Polyethersulfone (PES) is sulfonated by chlorosulfonic acid and factors affecting the sulfonation reaction, such as time and temperature, are studied. The ion‐exchange capacity, degree of sulfonation, sorption, and proton conductivity for the mixed‐matrix membranes are investigated. The mixed‐matrix membranes are also characterised for their mechanical and thermal properties. The methanol‐crossover flux across the mixed‐matrix membranes is studied by measuring the mass balance of methanol using the density meter. The methanol cross‐over for these membranes is found to be about 33% lower in relation to Nafion‐117 membrane. The DMFC employing CS‐PVA‐SPES mixed‐matrix membrane with an optimum content of 25 wt % SPES delivers a peak power‐density of 5.5 mW cm−2 at a load current‐density of 25 mA cm−2 while operating at 70°C. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
In situ polymerization and photophysical properties of poly(p‐phenylene benzobisoxazole)/multiwalled carbon nanotubes composites
Authors: Zhou Chengjun , Qiu Xueying , Zhuang Qixin , Han Zhewen , Wu Qinglin 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPoly(p‐phenylene benzobisoxazole)/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (PBO‐MWCNT) composites with different MWCNT compositions were prepared through in situ polymerization of PBO in the presence of carboxylated MWCNTs. The nanocomposite's structure, thermal and photophysical properties were investigated and compared with their blend counterparts (PBO/MWCNT) using Fourier transform infrared spectra, Raman spectra, Wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, UV‐vis absorption, and photoluminescence. The results showed that MWCNTs had a strong interaction with PBO through covalent bonding. The incorporation of MWCNTs increased the distance between two neighboring PBO chains and also improved the thermal resistance of PBO. The investigation of UV‐vis absorption and fluorescence emission spectra exhibited that in situ PBO‐MWCNT composites had a stronger absorbance and obvious trend of red‐shift compared with blend PBO/MWCNT composites for all compositions. This behavior can be attributed to the efficient energy transfer through forming conjugated bonding interactions in the PBO‐MWCNT composites. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Crystal structure and orientation of uniaxially and biaxially oriented PLA and PP nanoclay composite films
Authors: Tabatabaei Seyed H. , Ajji Abdellah 
Published: December 2011

AbstractCast films of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and polypropylene (PP) with 2.5 and 5 wt % organo modified nanoclay were prepared and then uniaxially and biaxially hot drawn at T = 90 and 155°C, respectively, using a biaxial stretcher. The orientation of PLA and PP crystal unit cells, alignment of clay platelets, as well as the extent of intercalation and exfoliation were studied using wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD). The measurement of d‐spacing of the 001 plane (normal to platelets plane) of the clay tactoids indicated the intercalation of the silicate layers for the PLA nanocomposite films, whereas the PP nanofilled films showed only dispersion of the nanoparticles (i.e., neither intercalation nor exfoliation were observed). The intercalation level of the clay platelets in PLA was almost identical for the uniaxially and biaxially drawn films. Our finding showed that the crystallite unit cell alignments are appreciably dependent on uniaxial and biaxial stretching. Moreover, the incorporation of clay to some extent influenced the orientation of the crystal unit cell axes (a, b, and c) of the oriented films. The silicate layers revealed a much higher orientation into the flow direction in the uniaxially stretched films compared to the biaxially drawn samples. In addition, the orientation of the 001 plane of nanoclays was significantly greater in the PLA compared to the PP nanoclay composite films probably due to a better intercalation and stress transfer in the former. Morphological pictograms illustrating the effects of uniaxial and biaxial stretching on the clay orientation are proposed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Physiochemical, circular dichroism‐induced helical conformation and optical property of chitosan azo‐based amino methanesulfonate complex
Authors: Kumar Santosh , Koh Joonseok 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe have demonstrated the efficient procedure for the preparation of chitosan azo‐based amino methanesulfonate complex in isopropyl alcohol under mild condition. The ionic complexation between chitosan and {4‐[(4‐nitrophenyl)azo]phenyl}amino methanesulfonate is confirmed by ultraviolet (UV) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The circular dichroism spectra of chitosan complex showed positive at λ = 298 nm band with 3.88 mdeg having UV absorbance maximum up to a narrow band at λ= 290 nm in dimethyl sulfoxide, indicating that the polymer adopted helical (right handed) secondary structure. Physical properties, thermal stability, and surface morphology were analyzed by X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy. Optical properties of chitosan complex are evaluated by photoluminescence spectroscopy that showed blue shift (λem) peak at 400 nm at excitation wavelength 325 nm. Overall, it may open new perspectives for the use of chitosan azo‐based biohybrid in biomedical applications. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Co‐culture of stromal and erythroleukemia cells in a perfused hollow fiber bioreactor system as an in vitro bone marrow model for myeloid leukemia
Authors: Usuludin Suaidah Binte Mohamed , Cao Xue , Lim Mayasari 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe have developed a hematopoietic co‐culture system using the hollow fiber bioreactor (HFBR) as a potential in vitro bone marrow model for evaluating leukemia. Supporting stroma using HS‐5 cells was established in HFBR system and the current bioprocess configuration yielded an average glucose consumption of 640 mg/day and an average protein concentration of 6.40 mg/mL in the extracapillary space over 28 days. Co‐culture with erythroleukemia K562 cells was used as a model for myelo‐leukemic cell proliferation and differentiation. Two distinct localizations of K562 cells (loosely adhered and adherent cells) were identified and characterized after 2 weeks. The HFBR co‐culture resulted in greater leukemic cell expansion (3,130 fold vs. 43 fold) compared to a standard tissue culture polystyrene (TCP) culture. Majority of expanded cells (68%) in HFBR culture were the adherent population, highlighting the importance of cell–cell contact for myelo‐leukemic proliferation. Differentiation tendencies in TCP favored maturation toward monocyte and erythrocyte lineages but maintained a pool of myeloid progenitors. In contrast, HFBR co‐culture exhibited greater lineage diversity, stimulating monocytic and megakaryocytic differentiation while inhibiting erythroid maturation. With the extensive stromal expansion capacity on hollow fiber surfaces, the HFBR system is able to achieve high cell densities and 3D cell–cell contacts mimicking the bone marrow microenvironment. The proposed in vitro system represents a dynamic and highly scalable 3D co‐culture platform for the study of cell‐stroma dependent hematopoietic/leukemic cell functions and ex vivo expansion. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:1248–1258. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.