bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Life's Essential 8 Cardiovascular Health Score and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in the Community
Authors: Ravichandran Sandhiya , Gajjar Priya , Walker Maura E. , Prescott Brenton , Tsao Connie W. , Jha Mawra , Rao Prashant , Miller Patricia , Larson Martin G. , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Shah Ravi V. , Xanthakis Vanessa , Lewis Gregory D. , Nayor Matthew 
Published: May 2024

Background
The relation of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) to lifestyle behaviors and factors linked with cardiovascular health remains unclear. We aimed to understand how the American Heart Association's Life's Essential 8 (LE8) score (and its changes over time) relate to CRF and complementary exercise measures in community‐dwelling adults.

Methods and Results

Framingham Heart Study (FHS) participants underwent maximum effort cardiopulmonary exercise testing for direct quantification of peak oxygen uptake (V̇O
2
). A 100‐point LE8 score was constructed as the average across 8 factors: diet, physical activity, nicotine exposure, sleep, body mass index, lipids, blood glucose, and blood pressure. We related total LE8 score, score components, and change in LE8 score over 8 years with peak V̇O
2
(log‐transformed) and complementary CRF measures. In age‐ and sex‐adjusted linear models (N=1838, age 54±9 years, 54% women, LE8 score 76±12), a higher LE8 score was associated favorably with peak V̇O
2
, ventilatory efficiency, resting heart rate, and blood pressure response to exercise (all
P
<0.0001). A clinically meaningful 5‐point higher LE8 score was associated with a 6.0% greater peak V̇O
2
(≈1.4 mL/kg per minute at sample mean). All LE8 components were significantly associated with peak V̇O
2
in models adjusted for age and sex, but blood lipids, diet, and sleep health were no longer statistically significant after adjustment for all LE8 components. Over an ≈8‐year interval, a 5‐unit increase in LE8 score was associated with a 3.7% higher peak V̇O
2
(
P
<0.0001).

Conclusions
Higher LE8 score and improvement in LE8 over time was associated with greater CRF, highlighting the importance of the LE8 factors in maintaining CRF.
Increased Risk of Cardiometabolic Disease in Ideal Weight Adults With History of Overweight/Obesity in China: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Cai Zhiwei , Chen Guanlin , Zhao Wenliu , Wei Zhihao , Wang Xianxuan , Huang Zegui , Zheng Huancong , Wu Kuangyi , Liu Yang , Lan Yulong , Wu Weiqiang , Wu Shouling , Chen Youren 
Published: May 2024

Background
Overweight and obesity represent critical modifiable determinants in the prevention of cardiometabolic disease (CMD). However, the long‐term impact of prior overweight/obesity on the risk of CMD in later life remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between longitudinal transition of body mass index (BMI) status and incident CMD.

Methods and Results
This prospective cohort study included 57 493 CMD‐free Chinese adults from the Kailuan Study. BMI change patterns were categorized according to the BMI measurements obtained during the 2006 and 2012 surveys. The primary end point was a composite of myocardial infarction, stroke, and type 2 diabetes. Cox regression models were used to evaluate the associations of transitions in BMI with overall CMD events and subtypes, with covariates selected on the basis of the directed acyclic graph. During a median follow‐up of 7.62 years, 8412 participants developed CMD. After considering potential confounders, weight gain pattern (hazard ratio [HR], 1.34 [95% CI, 1.23–1.46]), stable overweight/obesity (HR, 2.12 [95% CI, 2.00–2.24]), and past overweight/obesity (HR, 1.73 [95% CI, 1.59–1.89]) were associated with the incidence of CMD. Similar results were observed in cardiometabolic multimorbidity, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes. Additionally, triglyceride and systolic blood pressure explained 8.05% (95% CI, 5.87–10.22) and 12.10% (95% CI, 9.19–15.02) of the association between past overweight/obesity and incident CMD, respectively.

Conclusions
A history of overweight/obesity was associated with an increased risk of CMD, even in the absence of current BMI abnormalities. These findings emphasize the necessity for future public health guidelines to include preventive interventions for CMD in individuals with past overweight/obesity.
Use of Dietary Supplements Among People With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in the United States: A Population‐Based Analysis From NHANES
Authors: Assadourian Joanna N. , Peterson Eric D. , Gupta Anand , Navar Ann M. 
Published: May 2024

Background
Dietary supplement use is prevalent in the general US population, but little is known regarding the driving reasons for their use among those with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD).

Methods and Results

Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2017 to March 2020 were used to identify adults with ASCVD. Supplement use was assessed by interviewers using label review, and surveys captured self‐reported reasons for use. Demographic, clinical, medication, and laboratory characteristics were compared between supplement users and nonusers. Among individuals with ASCVD in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (n=965; mean age, 65 years; 56.1% men; 73.7% White individuals), 73.1% reported taking ≥1 dietary supplements, most commonly multivitamins (35.4%), vitamin D (30.8%), and fish oil (19.8%). Of those taking supplements, 47.3% report taking them under the advisement of a health professional. Nearly one fifth (17.9%) reported taking at least 1 supplement for “heart health,” most commonly fish oil (11.1%), followed by CoQ10 (4.2%) and resveratrol (1.5%). Supplement users were older (68 versus 62 years;
P
=0.003), included more women (45.8% versus 37.7%;
P
=0.17), were less likely to smoke (11.0% versus 36.4%;
P
<0.001), had higher levels of education (
P
=0.005) and income (
P
<0.001), and higher use of statins (69.4% versus 55.8%;
P
=0.046).

Conclusions
Supplement use is common in people with ASCVD. Among the top 3 supplements, a substantial minority were being taken under the direction of health professionals. Supplement users often report taking supplements “for heart health,” despite a lack of randomized trial evidence for benefit in ASCVD, indicating a need for more patient and clinician education regarding health benefits of dietary supplements in ASCVD.
Moderate Aortic Valve Stenosis Is Associated With Increased Mortality Rate and Lifetime Loss: Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Reconstructed Time‐to‐Event Data of 409 680 Patients
Authors: Jacquemyn Xander , Strom Jordan B. , Strange Geoff , Playford David , Stewart Simon , Kutty Shelby , Bhatt Deepak L. , Bleiziffer Sabine , Grubb Kendra J. , Pellikka Patricia A. , Clavel Marie‐Annick , Pibarot Philippe , Mentias Amgad , Serna‐Gallegos Derek , Sá Michel Pompeu , Sultan Ibrahim 
Published: May 2024

Background
The mortality risk attributable to moderate aortic stenosis (AS) remains incompletely characterized and has historically been underestimated. We aim to evaluate the association between moderate AS and all‐cause death, comparing it with no/mild AS (in a general referral population and in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction).

Methods and Results

A systematic review and pooled meta‐analysis of Kaplan–Meier‐derived reconstructed time‐to‐event data of studies published by June 2023 was conducted to evaluate survival outcomes among patients with moderate AS in comparison with individuals with no/mild AS. Ten studies were included, encompassing a total of 409 680 patients (11 527 with moderate AS and 398 153 with no/mild AS). In the overall population, the 15‐year overall survival rate was 23.3% (95% CI, 19.1%–28.3%) in patients with moderate AS and 58.9% (95% CI, 58.1%–59.7%) in patients with no/mild aortic stenosis (hazard ratio [HR], 2.55 [95% CI, 2.46–2.64];
P
<0.001). In patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, the 10‐year overall survival rate was 15.5% (95% CI, 10.0%–24.0%) in patients with moderate AS and 37.3% (95% CI, 36.2%–38.5%) in patients with no/mild AS (HR, 1.83 [95% CI, 1.69–2.0];
P
<0.001). In both populations (overall and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction), these differences correspond to significant lifetime loss associated with moderate AS during follow‐up (4.4 years,
P
<0.001; and 1.9 years,
P
<0.001, respectively). A consistent pattern of elevated mortality rate associated with moderate AS in sensitivity analyses of matched studies was observed.

Conclusions
Moderate AS was associated with higher risk of death and lifetime loss compared with patients with no/mild AS.
Bleeding and Thrombosis in Patients With Out‐of‐Hospital Ventricular Tachycardia/Ventricular Fibrillation Arrest Treated With Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Gutierrez Alejandra , Kalra Rajat , Chang Kevin Y. , Steiner Marie E. , Marquez Alexandra M. , Alexy Tamas , Elliott Andrea M. , Nowariak Meagan , Yannopoulos Demetris , Bartos Jason A. 
Published: May 2024

Background
Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation improves outcomes after out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest. However, bleeding and thrombosis are common complications. We aimed to describe the incidence and predictors of bleeding and thrombosis and their association with in‐hospital mortality.

Methods and Results

Consecutive patients presenting with refractory ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest between December 2015 and March 2022 who met the criteria for extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation initiation at our center were included. Major bleeding was defined by the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization's criteria. Adjusted analyses were done to seek out risk factors for bleeding and thrombosis and evaluate their association with mortality. Major bleeding occurred in 135 of 200 patients (67.5%), with traumatic bleeding from cardiopulmonary resuscitation in 73 (36.5%). Baseline demographics and arrest characteristics were similar between groups. In multivariable analysis, decreasing levels of fibrinogen were independently associated with bleeding (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.98 per every 10 mg/dL rise [95% CI, 0.96–0.99]). Patients who died had a higher rate of bleeds per day (0.21 versus 0.03,
P
<0.001) though bleeding was not significantly associated with in‐hospital death (aHR, 0.81 [95% CI. 0.55–1.19]). A thrombotic event occurred in 23.5% (47/200) of patients. Venous thromboembolism occurred in 11% (22/200) and arterial thrombi in 15.5% (31/200). Clinical characteristics were comparable between groups. In adjusted analyses, no risk factors for thrombosis were identified. Thrombosis was not associated with in‐hospital death (aHR, 0.65 [95% CI, 0.42–1.03]).

Conclusions
Bleeding is a frequent complication of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation that is associated with decreased fibrinogen levels on admission whereas thrombosis is less common. Neither bleeding nor thrombosis was significantly associated with in‐hospital mortality.
Monocyte‐Derived Macrophages Aggravate Cardiac Dysfunction After Ischemic Stroke in Mice
Authors: Lin Hong‐Bin , Hong Pu , Yin Meng‐Yu , Yao Zhi‐Jun , Zhang Jin‐Yu , Jiang Yan‐Pin , Huang Xuan‐Xuan , Xu Shi‐Yuan , Li Feng‐Xian , Zhang Hong‐Fei 
Published: May 2024

Background
Cardiac damage induced by ischemic stroke, such as arrhythmia, cardiac dysfunction, and even cardiac arrest, is referred to as cerebral‐cardiac syndrome (CCS). Cardiac macrophages are reported to be closely associated with stroke‐induced cardiac damage. However, the role of macrophage subsets in CCS is still unclear due to their heterogeneity. Sympathetic nerves play a significant role in regulating macrophages in cardiovascular disease. However, the role of macrophage subsets and sympathetic nerves in CCS is still unclear.

Methods and Results

In this study, a middle cerebral artery occlusion mouse model was used to simulate ischemic stroke. ECG and echocardiography were used to assess cardiac function. We used
Cx3cr1

GFP

Ccr2

RFP

mice and
NLRP3
‐deficient mice in combination with Smart‐seq2 RNA sequencing to confirm the role of macrophage subsets in CCS. We demonstrated that ischemic stroke‐induced cardiac damage is characterized by severe cardiac dysfunction and robust infiltration of monocyte‐derived macrophages into the heart. Subsequently, we identified that cardiac monocyte‐derived macrophages displayed a proinflammatory profile. We also observed that cardiac dysfunction was rescued in ischemic stroke mice by blocking macrophage infiltration using a CCR2 antagonist and
NLRP3
‐deficient mice. In addition, a cardiac sympathetic nerve retrograde tracer and a sympathectomy method were used to explore the relationship between sympathetic nerves and cardiac macrophages. We found that cardiac sympathetic nerves are significantly activated after ischemic stroke, which contributes to the infiltration of monocyte‐derived macrophages and subsequent cardiac dysfunction.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest a potential pathogenesis of CCS involving the cardiac sympathetic nerve–monocyte‐derived macrophage axis.
The Effect of the Symbolic Meaning of Speed on Implicit Timing
Authors: Battaglini Luca , Khodami Mohammad Ahsan , Capizzi Mariagrazia , Mioni Giovanna 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
It has been demonstrated that the stimulus’s features, including size, brightness, numerosity, and loudness, can affect the perception of subjective and explicit time. But, in a daily life situation, actual events presumably involve an implicit processing of time rather than an explicit processing, with some studies suggesting that the presentation of emotional stimuli before the target stimulus influences implicit timing. The present study aims to test the implicit component of temporal processing that the symbolic meaning of speed might influence. We used a time foreperiod task in which participants were first presented with a warning signal recalling the meaning of fast or slow speed, followed by the target. Our study shows significant main effects of the presented image cue and foreperiod effect. We observed faster reaction time when the target was preceded by a faster image compared to a slow image and in dependence of the factor of weight. Based on this, we conclude the symbolic meaning of speed can affect implicit timing by altering how the brain interprets temporal data.
Aerosol, Clouds and Trace Gases Research Infrastructure (ACTRIS): The European Research Infrastructure Supporting Atmospheric Science
Authors: Laj Paolo , Lund Myhre Cathrine , Riffault Véronique , Amiridis Vassilis , Fuchs Hendrik , Eleftheriadis Konstantinos , Petäjä Tuukka , Salameh Thérèse , Kivekäs Niku , Juurola Eija , Saponaro Giulia , Philippin Sabine , Cornacchia Carmela , Alados Arboledas Lucas , Baars Holger , Claude Anja , De Mazière Martine , Dils Bart , Dufresne Marvin , Evangeliou Nikolaos , Favez Olivier , Fiebig Markus , Haeffelin Martial , Herrmann Hartmut , Höhler Kristina , Illmann Niklas , Kreuter Axel , Ludewig Elke , Marinou Eleni , Möhler Ottmar , Mona Lucia , Eder Murberg Lise , Nicolae Doina , Novelli Anna , O’Connor Ewan , Ohneiser Kevin , Petracca Altieri Rosa Maria , Picquet-Varrault Bénédicte , van Pinxteren Dominik , Pospichal Bernhard , Putaud Jean-Philippe , Reimann Stefan , Siomos Nikolaos , Stachlewska Iwona , Tillmann Ralf , Voudouri Kalliopi Artemis , Wandinger Ulla , Wiedensohler Alfred , Apituley Arnoud , Comerón Adolfo , Gysel-Beer Martin , Mihalopoulos Nikolaos , Nikolova Nina , Pietruczuk Aleksander , Sauvage Stéphane , Sciare Jean , Skov Henrik , Svendby Tove , Swietlicki Erik , Tonev Dimitar , Vaughan Geraint , Zdimal Vladimir , Baltensperger Urs , Doussin Jean-François , Kulmala Markku , Pappalardo Gelsomina , Sorvari Sundet Sanna , Vana Milan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The Aerosol, Clouds and Trace Gases Research Infrastructure (ACTRIS) officially became the 33rd European Research Infrastructure Consortium (ERIC) on 25 April 2023 with the support of 17 founding member and observer countries. As a pan-European legal organization, ACTRIS ERIC will coordinate the provision of data and data products on short-lived atmospheric constituents and clouds relevant to climate and air pollution over the next 15–20 years. ACTRIS was designed more than a decade ago, and its development was funded at national and European levels. It was included in the European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures (ESFRI) roadmap in 2016 and, subsequently, in the national infrastructure roadmaps of European countries. It became a landmark of the ESFRI roadmap in 2021. The purpose of this paper is to describe the mission of ACTRIS, its added value to the community of atmospheric scientists, providing services to academia as well as the public and private sectors, and to summarize its main achievements. The present publication serves as a reference document for ACTRIS, its users, and the scientific community as a whole. It provides the reader with relevant information and an overview on ACTRIS governance and services, as well as a summary of the main scientific achievements of the last 20 years. The paper concludes with an outlook on the upcoming challenges for ACTRIS and the strategy for its future evolution.
Age and sex are excellent predictors of bone complications in patients with type 2 diabetes with no history of osteoporotic fracture or treatment for osteoporosis
Authors: Yamamoto Yutaro , Matsuba Ren , Nagasaka Tomoyuki , Shimizu Sachi , Sakai Kensuke , Sone Masakatsu , Katabami Takuyuki 
Published: May 2024

Objective To identify patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with no history of fracture or osteoporosis treatment who are at risk of bone complications through the assessment of bone quality and quantity. Methods Of the outpatients attending our clinic during 2021 to 2022, we retrospectively enrolled 137 (men/women: 85/52, median age: 65 years) consecutive patients aged ≥40 years who had T2DM but no history of fracture or osteoporosis treatment. The lumbar spine and femoral neck bone mineral density and the trabecular bone score were determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Independent factors associated with bone disease were identified using logistic regression analysis, and odds ratios (ORs) were calculated. Results Age and female sex were significantly associated with high ORs for development of bone disease. The integrated risk of bone complications was nearly 40-fold higher in older (≥65 years) women than in younger (<65 years) men. This difference remained after adjustment for the duration of T2DM, body mass index, and HbA1c level. Conclusions Older women have the highest risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis among patients with T2DM who have no history of fracture or osteoporosis treatment. These patients should undergo intensive monitoring for bone fragility from an early stage of their disease.
Workload Risk Factors for Pitching-Related Injuries in High School Baseball Pitchers
Authors: Zaremski Jason L. , Pazik Marissa , Vasilopoulos Terrie , Horodyski MaryBeth 
Published: May 2024

Background: Pitch counts are only one measure of the true workload of baseball pitchers. Newer research indicates that workload measurement and prevention of injury must include additional factors. Thus, current monitoring systems gauging pitcher workload may be considered inadequate. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to develop a novel method to determine workload in baseball pitchers and improve processes for prevention of throwing-related injuries. It was hypothesized that our pitching workload model would better predict throwing-related injuries occurring throughout the baseball season than a standard pitch count model. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at an academic medical center and community baseball fields during the 2019 to 2023 seasons. Pitchers aged 13 to 18 years were monitored for pitching-related injuries and workload (which included pitching velocity; intensity, using preseason and in-season velocity as a marker of effort; and pitch counts). Results: A total of 71 pitchers had 313 recorded pitcher outings, 11 pitching-related injuries, and 24,228 pitches thrown. Gameday pitch counts for all pitchers ranged from 19 to 219 (mean, 77.5 ± 41.0). Velocity ranged from 46.8 to 85.7 mph (mean, 71.3 ± 5.8 mph). Intensity ranged from 0.7 to 1.3 (mean, 1.0 ± 0.08). The mean workload was 74.7 ± 40.1 for all pitchers. Risk factors significant for injury included throwing at a higher velocity in game ( P = .001), increased intensity (eg, an increase in mean velocity thrown from preseason to in-season; P < .001), and being an older pitcher ( P = .014). No differences were found for workload between injured and noninjured pitchers because the analysis was underpowered. Conclusion: Our workload model indicated that throwing at a higher velocity, throwing at a higher intensity, and older age were risk factors for injury. Thus, this novel workload model should be considered as a means to identify pitchers who may be at greater risk for injury.
Leadership in An Age of Devolution: County Commissioners' Role in the Implementation of Appalachian Ohio'S Welfare Reform
Authors: Tadlock Barry L. , Tickamyer Ann R. , White Julie A. , Henderson Debra A. , Pearson-Nelson Benjamin J. 
Published: May 2024

What constitutes effective leadership by county commissioners in the implementation of welfare reform? How do contextual factors influence leadership? Findings are based on interviews and surveys of county commissioners in Appalachian Ohio, conducted in 2000. We focus on county commissioners' relationships with Ohio's Department of Job and Family Services and with county welfare agency directors, and on the commissioners' perspectives on devolution. Commissioners provide mixed assessments of the state, but uniformly positive reviews of county welfare agency directors and the concept of devolution. Evidence exists of effective leadership, but it is limited in nature. We discuss lessons learned about the implementation of welfare reform by county government. When asked for an example of a county commissioner exercising leadership for the betterment of welfare policy in an Appalachian Ohio county, a former state official did not have to think very hard. He cited the case of a commissioner who used her status in the community to pull together representatives from a local college, the Community Action Committee, the county's economic development office, and the local welfare agency. These four organizations that often operated in a disjointed manner, combined forces on several goals. These included bringing new jobs to the county, conducting a needs analysis related to broadband communication, and working with the private sector in order to implement welfare reform goals. The official concluded that actions such as this were relatively rare; he estimated that no more than 15% of commissioners exercised such leadership skills (Kalis 2001). What constitutes effective leadership by county commissioners? To what extent is leadership constrained by contextual factors, such as the rural nature of Appalachian Ohio counties and the skills of welfare agency directors? These questions are at the heart of this paper