bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cavity ring down spectroscopy: detection of trace amounts of substance
Authors: Stacewicz T. , Wojtas J. , Bielecki Z. , Nowakowski M. , Mikołajczyk J. , Mędrzycki R. , Rutecka B. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe describe several applications of cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) for trace matter detection. NO2 sensor was constructed in our team using this technique and blue-violet lasers (395–440 nm). Its sensitivity is better than single ppb. CRDS at 627 nm was used for detection of NO3. Successful monitoring of N2O in air requires high precision mid-infrared spectroscopy. These sensors might be used for atmospheric purity monitoring as well as for explosives detection. Here, the spectroscopy on sharp vibronic molecular resonances is performed. Therefore the single mode lasers which can be tuned to selected molecular lines are used. Similarly, the spectroscopy at 936 nm was used for sensitive water vapour detection. The opportunity of construction of H2O sensor reaching the sensitivity about 10 ppb is also discussed.
New microsatellite markers for Salvia officinalis (Lamiaceae) and cross‐amplification in closely related species
Authors: Radosavljević Ivan , Jakse Jernej , Javornik Branka , Satovic Zlatko , Liber Zlatko 
Published: October 2011

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite primers were identified to study the genetic diversity, population genetic structure, and relationships of common sage and closely related species.• Methods and Results: Nine novel polymorphic trinucleotide microsatellite loci were identified for Salvia officinalis. A total of 127 alleles were observed. The observed and expected heterozygosity values ranged from 0.375 to 0.880 and from 0.624 to 0.931, respectively. Nine new and 11 previously published microsatellite primers were tested for cross‐amplification. The species with the most successful cross‐amplification was S. fruticosa.• Conclusions: The nine new microsatellite markers will be useful in genetic studies of wild and cultivated populations of common sage and are potentially useful in genetic studies of closely related species.
Microsatellite markers for Aspidosperma polyneuron (Apocynaceae), an endangered tropical tree species
Authors: Ferreira‐Ramos Ronai , Monteiro Mariza , Zucchi Maria I. , Pinheiro José B. , Martinez Carlos A. , Mestriner Moacyr A. , Alzate‐Marin Ana Lilia 
Published: October 2011

• Premise of the study: This study was designed to develop and characterize a preliminary set of nuclear microsatellite markers for Aspidosperma polyneuron, an endangered tropical tree species.• Methods and Results: Leaf samples were collected from a group of mature A. polyneuron trees in a large area along the Pardo and Mogi‐Guaçu river basins in São Paulo State in the southeastern region of Brazil. Twenty‐five simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were developed and 16 of 30 samples had polymorphic loci. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to 17 (average = 7.06). A high diversity (He = 0.65) and parentage exclusion probability for the first (0.9995) and second (0.9999) parents were measured.• Conclusions: These 16 polymorphic markers suggest a high potential for genetic diversity, gene flow, and mating system analyses in A. polyneuron.
Transfinitude et mort dans les FPS
Authors: Jandrok Thierry 
Published: October 2011

Résumé Jouer aux jeux vidéo, et en particulier au jeu à la première personne, n’est pas sans risque pour la subjectivité. Cette activité engage totalement la subjectivité dans un discours cybernétique dont les effets sur la personnalité peuvent être dévastateurs. Les effets d’accoutumance sont rapides et installent le joueur dans une autre dimension de l’être. Une fois intégré dans la structure du jeu, l’économie psychique se désagrège et perd ses repères quotidiens. Le sujet est absorbé par la matrice du jeu. Au fur et mesure de sa progression et de l’addition de ses meurtres, quelque chose de la mort s’installe dans ses processus cognitif. La virtualité prend corps et le sujet se retrouve seul, fragilisé dans sa capacité à entrer en relation avec autrui. Lorsque la spécularité se joue dans le meurtre, quelles possibilités reste-t-il à la rencontre et à l’ouverture à autrui ? Quel projets de devenir sont-ils envisageables lorsque la mort conditionne ce même devenir ?
Le jeu vidéo: Un media adapté pour aborder la mort avec les plus jeunes ?
Authors: Baussant-Crenn Camille , Doré-Pautonnier Delphine 
Published: October 2011

Résumé À partir d’un panorama de l’univers des jeux vidéo sont retracées les différentes représentations de la mort dans ce media. La mort y est bien intégrée. Elle n’est ni niée ni occultée comme dans d’autres champs de l’espace social. Le jeu vidéo étant un media particulièrement prisé par les publics jeunes et la mort y étant intégrée pourquoi ne pas aborder la mort avec des adolescents notamment en deuil via le jeu vidéo ?
Uv damage of collagen: Insights from model collagen peptides
Authors: Jariashvili Ketevan , Madhan Balaraman , Brodsky Barbara , Kuchava Ana , Namicheishvili Louisa , Metreveli Nunu 
Published: October 2011

AbstractFibrils of Type I collagen in the skin are exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light and there have been claims that collagen photo‐degradation leads to wrinkles and may contribute to skin cancers. To understand the effects of UV radiation on collagen, Type I collagen solutions were exposed to the UV‐C wavelength of 254 nm for defined lengths of time at 4°C. Circular dichroism (CD) experiments show that irradiation of collagen leads to high loss of triple helical content with a new lower thermal stability peak and SDS‐gel electrophoresis indicates breakdown of collagen chains. To better define the effects of UV radiation on the collagen triple‐helix, the studies were extended to peptides which model the collagen sequence and conformation. CD studies showed irradiation for days led to lower magnitudes of the triple‐helix maximum at 225 nm and lower thermal stabilities for two peptides containing multiple Gly‐Pro‐Hyp triplets. In contrast, the highest radiation exposure led to little change in the Tm values of (Gly‐Pro‐Pro)10 and (Ala‐Hyp‐Gly)10, although (Gly‐Pro‐Pro)10 did show a significant decrease in triple helix intensity. Mass spectroscopy indicated preferential cleavage sites within the peptides, and identification of some of the most susceptible sites of cleavage. The effect of radiation on these well defined peptides gives insight into the sequence and conformational specificity of photo‐degradation of collagen. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 97:189–198, 2012.
Bearing capacity of two interfering strip footings from lower bound finite elements limit analysis
Authors: Kumar Jyant , Bhattacharya Paramita 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYA rigorous lower bound solution, with the usage of the finite elements limit analysis, has been obtained for finding the ultimate bearing capacity of two interfering strip footings placed on a sandy medium. Smooth as well as rough footing–soil interfaces are considered in the analysis. The failure load for an interfering footing becomes always greater than that for a single isolated footing. The effect of the interference on the failure load (i) for rough footings becomes greater than that for smooth footings, (ii) increases with an increase in ϕ, and (iii) becomes almost negligible beyond S/B > 3. Compared with various theoretical and experimental results reported in literature, the present analysis generally provides the lowest magnitude of the collapse load. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermal and spectral stability of electroluminescent hyperbranched copolymers containing tetraphenylthiophene‐quinoline‐triphenylamine moieties
Authors: Tsai Ya‐Ting , Lai Chung‐Tin , Chien Rong‐Hong , Hong Jin‐Long , Yeh An‐Chi 
Published: October 2011

AbstractFluorescent hyperbranched copolymers (HB‐x, x = 1–4) with inherent tetraphenylthiophene, triphenylamine (TPA) and quinoline (Qu) moieties were prepared to study the influence of the TPA branching point on the thermal and the spectral stability. All the HB‐x copolymers exhibited high glass transition temperatures (Tgs = 245–315 °C) with the detected values increasing with the increasing branching TPA content in the HB‐x. The solid HB‐x films possess high emission efficiency with the resulting quantum yields (ϕFs) in the ranges of 0.72–0.74. More importantly, the HB‐x copolymers and the derived light‐emitting devices exhibit high photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL) stability towards thermal annealing at temperatures higher than 200 °C. After annealing at 200 °C (or 300 °C), no change was observed in the respective PL and EL spectra of HB‐1 (or HB‐4) copolymers. The spectral stability was found to correlate with Tg and with the highest branching density, HB‐4 copolymer possesses the highest thermal stability among all HB‐xs and show no EL spectral change after annealing at 300 °C for 4 h. The results indicate that all the branched HB‐x copolymers are promising candidates for the polymer light‐emitting diodes due to their high quantum yield and spectral stability. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Conjugated polymers based on dicarboxylic imide‐substituted isothianaphthene and their applications in solar cells
Authors: Li Hairong , Sun Shuangyong , Salim Teddy , Bomma Swarnalatha , Grimsdale Andrew C. , Lam Yeng Ming 
Published: October 2011

AbstractFour new polymers containing a benzo[c]thiophene‐N‐dodecyl‐4,5‐dicarboxylic imide (DIITN) unit including the homopolymer and three donor–acceptor copolymers were designed, synthesized, and characterized. For these copolymers, DIITN unit with low bandgap was selected as an electron acceptor, whereas 5,5′‐(2,7‐bisthiophen‐2‐yl)‐9‐(2‐decyltetradecyl)‐9H‐carbazole), 5,5′‐(3,3′‐di‐n‐octylsilylene‐2,2′‐bithiophene), and 5,5′‐(2,7‐bisthiophen‐2‐yl‐9,9‐bisoctyl‐9H‐fluoren‐7‐yl) were chosen as the electron donor units to tune the highest occupied molecular orbital/lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO/LUMO) levels of the copolymers for better light harvesting. These polymers exhibit extended absorption in the visible and near‐infrared range and are soluble in common organic solvents. The relative low lying HOMO of these polymers promises good air stability and high open‐circuit voltage (Voc) for photovoltaic application. Bulk heterojunction solar cells were fabricated by blending the copolymers with [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester or [6,6]‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM). The best power conversion efficiency of 1.6% was achieved under simulated sunlight AM 1.5G (100 mW/cm2) from solar cells containing 20 wt % of the fluorene copolymer poly[5,5′‐(2,7‐bisthiophen‐2‐yl‐9,9‐bisoctyl‐9H‐fluoren‐7‐yl)‐alt‐2,9‐(benzo[c]thiophene‐N‐dodecyl‐4,5‐dicarboxylic imide)] and 80 wt % of PC71BM with a high open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.84 V. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Ionic aggregation in random copolymers containing phosphonium ionic liquid monomers
Authors: Cheng Shijing , Zhang Mingqiang , Wu Tianyu , Hemp Sean T. , Mather Brian D. , Moore Robert B. , Long Timothy E. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractCopolymers of n‐butyl acrylate and phosphonium ionic liquid monomers possessing various alkyl substituents and counterions were synthesized through a combination of conventional free radical copolymerization and anion exchange. Differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis provided the thermal and mechanical properties of these phosphonium cation‐containing random copolymers. Factors including alkyl chain length of phosphonium substituents, counterion type, as well as ionic concentration significantly influenced the association of phosphonium cations. Phosphonium ionomers with trialkyl substituents on phosphonium cations did not display the characteristic small‐angle X‐ray scattering peak, suggesting the absence of ionic clusters. However, low q peaks in wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction was indicative of significant concentration fluctuations wherein the ionic monomeric units associated. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Water‐soluble polymer‐grafted platinum nanoparticles for the subsequent binding of enzymes. synthesis and SANS
Authors: Gal François , Perez Henri , Noel Vincent , Carrot Geraldine 
Published: October 2011

AbstractFunctionalized platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) possess catalytic properties towards H202 oxidation, which are of great interest for the elaboration of electrochemical biosensors. To improve the understanding of phenomena involved in such systems, we designed platinum‐polymer‐enzyme model nanostructures according to a bottom–up approach. These structures have been elaborated from elementary building units based on polymer‐grafted PtNPs obtained from surface initiated‐atom transfer radical polymerization. This paper describes the polymerization of ter‐butyl methacrylate from PtNPs and its subsequent hydrolysis to obtain a water‐soluble corona, followed by an activated ester modification to introduce an enzyme (glucose oxidase). The structure of the objects, the molecular weight and the grafting density of the polymer chains were principally elucidated by small angle neutron scattering (SANS). After the grafting of the enzyme, the final hybrid structures were characterized by both microscopy and SANS to attest for the covalent grafting of the enzyme. Composition and enzyme activity of the nanohybrid objects, have also been determined by UV spectroscopy. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Preparation and application of microparticles prepared via the primary amine‐catalyzed michael addition of a trithiol to a triacrylate
Authors: Bounds Christopher O. , Goetter Ronald , Pojman John A. , Vandersall Max 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe report a novel approach to prepare microparticles via a dispersion polymerization using the amine‐catalyzed addition of a trithiol to a triacrylate. Microparticles loaded with various core materials were produced and applied in various systems to improve the desired characteristics of the given system. We determined that this type of microparticle could be used as either a stimulated release or controlled release system for certain desired core materials. These microparticles were able to prevent the interaction between a Lewis acid initiator and fumed silica, improving the rheological properties of an epoxy system containing the initiator. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
A temperature‐dependent conformational change of NADH oxidase from Thermus thermophilus HB8
Authors: Merkley Eric D. , Daggett Valerie , Parson William W. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractUsing molecular dynamics simulations and steady‐state fluorescence spectroscopy, we have identified a conformational change in the active site of a thermophilic flavoenzyme, NADH oxidase from Thermus thermophilus HB8 (NOX). The enzyme's far‐UV circular dichroism spectrum, intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence, and apparent molecular weight measured by dynamic light scattering varied little between 25 and 75°C. However, the fluorescence of the tightly bound FAD cofactor increased approximately fourfold over this temperature range. This effect appears not to be due to aggregation, unfolding, cofactor dissociation, or changes in quaternary structure. We therefore attribute the change in flavin fluorescence to a temperature‐dependent conformational change involving the NOX active site. Molecular dynamics simulations and the effects of mutating aromatic residues near the flavin suggest that the change in fluorescence results from a decrease in quenching by electron transfer from tyrosine 137 to the flavin. Proteins 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Long-term outcome after ulnar osteotomy for missed Monteggia fracture dislocation in children
Authors: Rahbek Ole , Deutch Søren Rasmussen , Kold Søren , Søjbjerg Jens Ole , Møller-Madsen Bjarne 
Published: October 2011

Purpose Missed Monteggia fracture dislocation in children is a serious condition. The treatment of this rare condition is controversial and reports on the long-term outcome are sparse. We present a series of patients treated with open reduction and ulnar osteotomy with a mean long-term follow-up of 8 years (range 3–17). Methods All 16 patients had Bado type 1 (anterior radial head) dislocation. The mean delay from injury to surgery was 17 months (range 1–83). Bilateral radiographs, Oxford Elbow Score, strength measurements, and range of motion were obtained in all patients. Results There were no major complications to surgery. The radiographic results showed ten patients with reduction of the radial head and with no arthrosis, four patients with arthrosis or subluxation, and two patients with a dislocated radial head. We found a significant correlation between radiographic outcome and delay to ulnar osteotomy ( P = 0.03). Typical clinical findings were a small but significant extension deficit and mean loss of supination of 10° (range 0–90, P < 0.01). Ligament reconstruction or transfixation of the radial head did not influence the radiographic or clinical outcome. Conclusions Case reports of similar patients treated conservatively demonstrate high morbidity, and, therefore, open reduction and ulnar osteotomy seemed justified. However, this study underlines the importance of minimizing the delay between injury and ulnar osteotomy. If surgery is performed within 40 months after injury, good to fair long-term radiographic results can be obtained. Open reduction and ulnar osteotomy were performed because patients treated conservatively demonstrate high morbidity.
Evaluation of Sevoflurane as an Anesthetic Agent for Voiding Cystourethrography in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Noga Michelle L. , Yarr Julie E. , Chen Philip E. 
Published: October 2011

Background Sevoflurane anesthetic has recently been administered by anesthesiologists during voiding cystourethrograms in a centre where radiologists are not permitted to deliver pediatric sedation. Objective To determine whether sevoflurane is a satisfactory anesthetic agent for voiding cystourethrography in children. Methods Records of children undergoing voiding cystourethrogram while they were under sevoflurane were reviewed for anesthetic adverse effects and diagnostic quality of the cystourethrogram. The occurrence of on-table voiding and post-void residual bladder volume were documented and compared with an age- and sex-matched control group of children undergoing unsedated voiding cystourethrography. The caregivers were surveyed regarding the anesthetic experience. Results A total of 91 children underwent sevoflurane voiding cystourethrography; there were no adverse cardiorespiratory events. Voiding was observed in 96%, with residual bladder volumes minimal in 38%, moderate in 32%, and large in 28% of anesthetized children, not significantly different from the control group. Vesicoureteral reflux was observed in 53% of examinations under sevoflurane. When children with a previous history of reflux or voiding cystourethrography were excluded in a comparison with age- and sex-matched controls, vesicoureteral reflux was observed in 38% of studies under sevoflurane and in 44% of studies in the control group, P = .69; 85% of caregivers of children with prior unsedated voiding cystourethrography found voiding cystourethrography with sevoflurane easier than without sevoflurane; 89% thought the anesthetic experience reduced their child's anxiety towards medical procedures. Conclusion No adverse events or effects on diagnostic quality of the pediatric voiding cystourethrogram were encountered when using sevoflurane. The majority of surveyed caregivers thought that anesthesia made voiding cystourethrography an easier experience for their child.
Exposure to maternal consumption of cafeteria diet during the lactation period programmes feeding behaviour in the rat
Authors: Wright Thomas M. , Fone Kevin C.F. , Langley‐Evans Simon C. , Voigt Jörg‐Peter W. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractLactational overfeeding programmes obesity in the adult rat, and also impacts on adult emotional behaviour. The present study investigated the impact of exposing the lactating female to a hypercaloric diet on structural aspects of feeding behaviour in the adult offspring as measured by the behavioural satiety sequence (BSS). Lactating Wistar rats were fed a hypercaloric cafeteria diet (CD) in addition to chow. Controls were fed on chow only. All offspring were chow fed after weaning. BSS was tested in 12–15 week old offspring. At 20 weeks of age, monoamine neurotransmitter levels were measured in selected brain regions. When exposed to a palatable 1‐h test meal, offspring responded with the same latency to feed, regardless of lactational diet. Total food intake during the test was unaffected by lactational diet. Control offspring showed a normal BSS pattern. Male CD offspring displayed shorter feeding bouts (P < 0.05) with an overall higher bout frequency (P < 0.001) and their latency to rest was delayed (P < 0.001). Overall eating frequency (P < 0.05), but not duration was increased in male CD offspring. Although the transition from feeding to resting was not affected by lactational CD, CD males fed for longer at the beginning of the test meal and were more active towards the end. CD females displayed an increased number of feeding bouts (P < 0.05) and they spent more time eating (P < 0.05). Resting latency was delayed (P < 0.05) and overall time spent resting was shortened (P < 0.01). Frequency of eating was increased in the middle of the test meal. The onset of satiety as indicated by the transition point between eating and resting was delayed in CD females (P < 0.001). In both sexes, hypothalamic 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) was increased (P < 0.05 in females, P < 0.01 in males) and 5‐HT turnover was reduced by lactational CD (P < 0.001 in females, P < 0.01 in males). Lactational CD led also to an increase in dopamine (DA) (P < 0.01). Hypothalamic DA metabolism (DOPAC + HVA/DA ratio) was overall lower in females than in males (P < 0.01). This study indicates a programming effect of lactational CD on feeding behaviour and brain monoaminergic neurons.
When less is more: Consumer aversion to unused utility
Authors: Bolton Lisa E. , Alba Joseph W. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA series of experiments demonstrates that consumers exhibit aversion to waste during forward‐looking purchase. These experiments further reveal that such behavior is driven by distaste for unused utility, a reaction that is shown to be distinct from an aversion to squandering money. Waste aversion is especially pronounced when consumers anticipate future consequences and deprivation is salient. In addition to demonstrating robustness across consumers and marketing contexts, the results also demonstrate how waste aversion can lead to self‐defeating behavior in which consumers forego desired utility. Finally, the present research demonstrates and discusses the implications of waste aversion for a variety of marketing issues, including buy‐rent markets, bundling, and the fundamental distinction between goods and services.
The effect of leverage on the tax‐cut versus investment‐subsidy argument
Authors: Danielova Anna , Sarkar Sudipto 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTwo common methods of attracting corporate investment are investment incentives and tax incentives. It is important to use the two incentives in the correct proportions, otherwise the government will give up too much value in the process of attracting investment. This paper examines the effect of tax cut and investment subsidy on the government's net benefit from a project. Earlier studies concluded that it was optimal to use only investment subsidy and no tax cuts. We show that this is not true when debt financing is possible, and it is generally optimal (from the government's perspective) to use a combination of tax reduction and investment subsidy. The optimal tax rate and optimal investment subsidy are identified and analyzed in the paper. It is shown that using a sub‐optimal combination of incentives can result in substantial reduction of benefits for the government.