bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetik der monogenen isolierten Alopezien
Authors: Betz R.C. 
Published: November 2009

Zusammenfassung
Die monogen vererbten isolierten Alopezien umfassen eine Gruppe klinisch und genetisch heterogener Formen von Haarlosigkeit/-verlust. Die klinische Unterteilung der isolierten Alopezien erfolgt nach Erkrankungsbeginn, betroffenen Regionen und Struktur des Haarschafts. Frauen und Männer sind gleichermaßen betroffen, die Vererbung ist autosomal-dominant oder autosomal-rezessiv. Seit der Identifizierung des Keratingens KRT86 als Ursache für die so genannte Monilethrix im Jahr 1997 konnten in der letzten Dekade Mutationen in 9 weiteren Genen für verschiedene Formen isolierter Alopezien identifiziert werden, darunter weitere Keratingene (KRT81 und KRT83) für die Monilethrix, das Hairless-Gen für die Atrichia congenita/papuläre Atrichie, das Corneodesmosingen für die autosomal-dominante Form der Hypotrichosis simplex sowie die Gene Desmoglein 4, Lipase H und der G-Protein gekoppelte Rezeptor P2RY5 (LPAR6) für autosomal-rezessive Formen der Hypotrichose. Molekulargenetische und pathophysiologische Untersuchungen dieser seltenen Haarentwicklungsstörungen trugen entscheidend dazu bei, grundlegende Mechanismen des Haarausfalls und somit auch physiologische Mechanismen des Haarwachstums besser zu verstehen.
Genetische Ursachen für epidermale Fragilität
Authors: Has C. , Bruckner-Tuderman L. 
Published: November 2009

Zusammenfassung
Bei epidermaler Fragilität führen geringfügige Verletzungen zur Blasenbildung der Haut und der hautnahen Schleimhäute. Verantwortlich für die Fragilität sind Mutationen in Genen, die Proteine der epidermalen und dermo-epidermalen Adhäsion kodieren. Die meisten Erkrankungen werden in der Gruppe der Epidermolysis bullosa zusammengefasst und sind sowohl klinisch als auch genetisch heterogen. Bei Neugeborenen und Kleinkindern, aber auch bei vielen erwachsenen Patienten kann der Subtyp der Epidermolysis bullosa aufgrund des Phänotyps nicht diagnostiziert werden. Die genaue Diagnosestellung ist nur durch spezifische Laboruntersuchungen, wie das Immunfluoreszenzmapping, die Elektronenmikroskopie und die Mutationsanalyse möglich. Die Behandlung ist symptomatisch und basiert auf allgemeinem Wundmanagement, während bei den schweren Formen mit Multisystembeteiligung interdisziplinäre medizinische Betreuung notwendig ist. Die neuen Erkenntnisse über molekulare Grundlagen und Pathomechanismen der Epidermolysis bullosa ermöglichen die Entwicklung neuartiger molekularen Therapien.
STRATEGIC PHOSPHORUS APPLICATION IN LEGUME-CEREAL ROTATIONS INCREASES LAND PRODUCTIVITY AND PROFITABILITY IN WESTERN KENYA
Authors: KIHARA J. , VANLAUWE B. , WASWA B. , KIMETU J. M. , CHIANU J. , BATIONO A. 
Published: November 2009

SUMMARYMany food production systems in sub-Saharan Africa are constrained by phosphorus (P). We hypothesized that within legume-cereal rotation systems: targeting P to the legume phase leads to higher system productivity, and that use of grain legumes leads to better economic returns than use of herbaceous legumes. Four P application regimes: (i) no P, (ii) P applied every season, (iii) P applied in season 1 only and (iv) P applied in season 2 only were tested for four seasons in three cropping systems (continuous maize, mucuna-maize rotation and soybean-maize rotation) in a split plot experiment set up in Nyabeda, western Kenya. Treatments where P was applied were better than no P treatments. While continuous cereal systems showed the need for application of P every second season, rotation systems involving mucuna and soyabean indicated that application in one out of three seasons could be sufficient. Nitrogen fertilizer equivalence was 52 to >90 kg N ha−1for soyabean and 37 to >90 kg N ha−1for mucuna, depending on P fertilization and season. Analysis of marginal rates of return (MRR) showed that soybean-maize rotation with one application of P was the most economically viable option, with an MRR of at least 147% compared to other non-dominated options.
Comparison of radiofrequency and monopolar electrocautery tonsillectomy
Authors: Aksoy F , Ozturan O , Veyseller B , Yildirim Y S , Demirhan H 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjectives:To compare the efficacy and safety of radiofrequency and monopolar electrocautery tonsillectomy, regarding operation duration and tonsillectomy morbidity, including post-operative pain and haemorrhage and tonsillar fossa healing, in patients with recurrent chronic tonsillitis.Study design:A prospective, randomised, double-blind, controlled clinical study.Methods:Fifty patients aged over 10 years who required tonsillectomy were randomly assigned to have one tonsil removed by radiofrequency and the other by monopolar electrocautery. Operation duration, post-operative haemorrhage, post-operative pain and tonsillar fossa wound healing were compared.Results:The mean ± standard deviation of the operation duration required for the radiofrequency method was significantly longer than that for monopolar electrocautery: 8.1 ± 1.6 minutes vs 7.3 ± 1.5 minutes, respectively (p = 0.034). Post-operative haemorrhage was observed in only three patients (13.6 per cent). Inter-group analysis showed no significant differences in post-operative pain scores for the radiofrequency vs monopolar electrocautery methods (3.7 ± 1.6 vs 3.3 ± 1.4, respectively; p < 0.126). Inter-group analysis showed that tonsillar fossa wound healing scores evaluated on the fifth, 10th and 14th post-operative days were significantly higher in the radiofrequency group compared with the monopolar electrocautery group (p < 0.001).Conclusion:The present study results indicated that monopolar electrocautery tonsillectomy was superior to radiofrequency tonsillectomy in terms of post-operative tonsillar fossa wound healing; however, both techniques were comparable in terms of post-operative pain.
Beyond Benevolence: Toward a Reframing of Mission in the Episcopal Church
Authors: Zscheile Dwight J. 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTToday’s changing context invites a rethinking of mission in the Episcopal Church. Based on a large-scale, grassroots intervention process in an American Episcopal diocese, this article identifies several operative missiological and ecclesiological categories in the Episcopal Church that warrant critical examination. The themes of democracy, inclusion, and benevolence are explored in light of their historical and theological background and against the sociological realities of the contemporary church. The article proposes a reframing of Episcopal mission in a more theological and Trinitarian direction using the themes of communion, companionship, creativity, and cultivation.
Contextual Thematic Group Treatment for Individuals With Dementia
Authors: Pimentel Jane 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Purpose: Group treatment for individuals with dementia is an option to target activity and participation for residents in long-term care facilities to engage them in meaningful conversation and potentially improve their quality of life. The purpose of this article is to describe a theme-based group treatment approach that capitalizes on the use of the environment through context.
Method: Rationale for this group treatment approach is presented, including a brief description and evidence supporting clinical techniques utilized. These include reminiscence therapy, multisensory stimulation, and use of environmental aids. In addition, background is provided regarding capitalizing on memory and linguistic strengths and compensating for weaknesses. Modifications of clinician behaviors are presented to best facilitate successful group interactions.
Results and Conclusions: The article culminates in a detailed description of contextual thematic group treatment. This description includes an example lesson plan with corresponding rationale for activities. Data supporting the individual clinical techniques utilized in this group treatment approach are adequate; however, the evidence supporting the combination of these techniques in this format is meager and requires further investigation.
Expertomica Cells: analysis of cell monolayer development
Authors: Levitner Tomáš , Timr Štepán , Štys Dalibor 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Summary: Expertomica Cells is a program for the creation and analysis of pedigree plots from time-lapse micrographs of cell monolayers. It enables recording the basic events in a cell cycle, cell neighbourhoods and spatial migration. The output is both numeric and graphical. The software helps to lower main hurdles in the manual analysis of cell monolayer development to practical limits; it reduces the operator processing time of typical experiment containing 5000 consecutive images from the usual 3 months to 3–10 h.
Availability and Implementation: Freely available on the web at http://www.expertomicacells.tk or http://www.expertomicacells.wu.cz. The source code is implemented in JAVA 6 and supported by Linux, Mac and MS Windows.
Contact: levitner@ufb.jcu.cz
Supplementary information: Supplementary data available at Bioinformatics online.
Spatial patterns of infauna, epifauna, and demersal fish communities in the North Sea
Authors: Reiss Henning , Degraer Steven , Duineveld Gerard C. A. , Kröncke Ingrid , Aldridge John , Craeymeersch Johan A. , Eggleton Jacqueline D. , Hillewaert Hans , Lavaleye Marc S. S. , Moll Andreas , Pohlmann Thomas , Rachor Eike , Robertson Mike , Vanden Berghe Edward , van Hoey Gert , Rees Hubert L. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Reiss, H., Degraer, S., Duineveld, G. C. A., Kröncke, I., Aldridge, J., Craeymeersch, J., Eggleton, J. D., Hillewaert, H., Lavaleye, M. S. S., Moll, A., Pohlmann, T., Rachor, E., Robertson, M., vanden Berghe, E., van Hoey, G., and Rees, H. L. 2010. Spatial patterns of infauna, epifauna, and demersal fish communities in the North Sea. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 278–293. Understanding the structure and interrelationships of North Sea benthic invertebrate and fish communities and their underlying environmental drivers is an important prerequisite for conservation and spatial ecosystem management on scales relevant to ecological processes. Datasets of North Sea infauna, epifauna, and demersal fish (1999–2002) were compiled and analysed to (i) identify and compare spatial patterns in community structure, and (ii) relate these to environmental variables. The multivariate analyses revealed significantly similar large-scale patterns in all three components with major distinctions between a southern community (Oyster Ground and German Bight), an eastern Channel and southern coastal community, and at least one northern community (>50 m deep). In contrast, species diversity patterns differed between the components with a diversity gradient for infauna and epifauna decreasing from north to south, and diversity hotspots of demersal fish, e.g. near the major inflows of Atlantic water. The large-scale hydrodynamic variables were the main drivers for the structuring of communities, whereas sediment characteristics appeared to be less influential, even for the infauna communities. The delineation of ecologically meaningful ecosystem management units in the North Sea might be based on the structure of the main faunal ecosystem components.
Emergent patterns in space and time from daisyworld: a simple evolving coupled biosphere–climate model
Authors: Ackland Graeme J. , Wood A. Jamie 
Published: November 2009

We present a simplified model of a coupled planetary geosphere–biosphere, with two evolving species coupled through a single enviromental variable. The species do not compete directly, but instead compete through, and can evolve their effect on, this environmental parameter. The model produces an evolutionary arms race, with each species evolving extreme behaviour to counteract the other. The result is an apparently stable balance, with the planet supporting a maximum amount of life, in unusually patterned configurations. However, this balance is achieved by two countering effects and is susceptible to very large correlated fluctuations and extinction events if the balance is disturbed. This arms-race evolution is observed even for very small differences between the species: for a coupled evolving system, the ‘neutral’ theory of identical species is not the limiting case.
Working with Tammar Wallabies (Macropus eugenii)
Authors: Hickford Danielle , Frankenberg Stephen , Renfree Marilyn B. 
Published: December 2009

INTRODUCTIONIt requires practice to become adept at catching and handling tammar wallabies (Macropus eugenii). Although generally not aggressive, tammars do scratch and can also bite. Once caught, tammars will stay quiet in their sacks for several hours. Take care that sacked animals do not overheat by ensuring that they are not left in the sun or piled on top of each other. To avoid the risk of heat stress, do not catch animals when air temperatures are above 25°C. Once handling techniques for adult animals are mastered, procedures such as vaccinations and checking for pouch young (PY) are easily performed, as described in this protocol. Methods for sexing, aging, and handling PY, as well as euthanasia of PY, are also detailed in this protocol. Once removed from the pouch, PY must be kept warm, because they lack the ability to thermoregulate until they are ~6 mo old.
A Bifunctional Geranyl and Geranylgeranyl Diphosphate Synthase Is Involved in Terpene Oleoresin Formation inPicea abies
Authors: Schmidt Axel , Waݶchtler Betty , Temp Ulrike , Krekling Trygve , Seݩguin Armand , Gershenzon Jonathan 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe conifer Picea abies (Norway spruce) defends itself against herbivores and pathogens with a terpenoid-based oleoresin composed chiefly of monoterpenes (C10) and diterpenes (C20). An important group of enzymes in oleoresin biosynthesis are the short-chain isoprenyl diphosphate synthases that produce geranyl diphosphate (C10), farnesyl diphosphate (C15), and geranylgeranyl diphosphate (C20) as precursors of different terpenoid classes. We isolated a gene from P. abies via a homology-based polymerase chain reaction approach that encodes a short-chain isoprenyl diphosphate synthase making an unusual mixture of two products, geranyl diphosphate (C10) and geranylgeranyl diphosphate (C20). This bifunctionality was confirmed by expression in both prokaryotic (Escherichia coli) and eukaryotic (P. abies embryogenic tissue) hosts. Thus, this isoprenyl diphosphate synthase, designated PaIDS1, could contribute to the biosynthesis of both major terpene types in P. abies oleoresin. In saplings, PaIDS1 transcript was restricted to wood and bark, and transcript level increased dramatically after methyl jasmonate treatment, which induces the formation of new (traumatic) resin ducts. Polyclonal antibodies localized the PaIDS1 protein to the epithelial cells surrounding the traumatic resin ducts. PaIDS1 has a close phylogenetic relationship to single-product conifer geranyl diphosphate and geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthases. Its catalytic properties and reaction mechanism resemble those of conifer geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthases, except that significant quantities of the intermediate geranyl diphosphate are released. Using site-directed mutagenesis and chimeras of PaIDS1 with single-product geranyl diphosphate and geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthases, specific amino acid residues were identified that alter the relative composition of geranyl to geranylgeranyl diphosphate.
TrichOME: A Comparative Omics Database for Plant Trichomes
Authors: Dai Xinbin , Wang Guodong , Yang Dong Sik , Tang Yuhong , Broun Pierre , Marks M. David , Sumner Lloyd W. , Dixon Richard A. , Zhao Patrick Xuechun 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPlant secretory trichomes have a unique capacity for chemical synthesis and secretion and have been described as biofactories for the production of natural products. However, until recently, most trichome-specific metabolic pathways and genes involved in various trichome developmental stages have remained unknown. Furthermore, only a very limited amount of plant trichome genomics information is available in scattered databases. We present an integrated “omics” database, TrichOME, to facilitate the study of plant trichomes. The database hosts a large volume of functional omics data, including expressed sequence tag/unigene sequences, microarray hybridizations from both trichome and control tissues, mass spectrometry-based trichome metabolite profiles, and trichome-related genes curated from published literature. The expressed sequence tag/unigene sequences have been annotated based upon sequence similarity with popular databases (e.g. Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, and Transporter Classification Database). The unigenes, metabolites, curated genes, and probe sets have been mapped against each other to enable comparative analysis. The database also integrates bioinformatics tools with a focus on the mining of trichome-specific genes in unigenes and microarray-based gene expression profiles. TrichOME is a valuable and unique resource for plant trichome research, since the genes and metabolites expressed in trichomes are often underrepresented in regular non-tissue-targeted cDNA libraries. TrichOME is freely available at http://www.planttrichome.org/.
The Role of Tobacco Aquaporin1 in Improving Water Use Efficiency, Hydraulic Conductivity, and Yield Production Under Salt Stress
Authors: Sade Nir , Gebretsadik Michaele , Seligmann Ron , Schwartz Amnon , Wallach Rony , Moshelion Menachem 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum; C3) plants increase their water use efficiency (WUE) under abiotic stress and are suggested to show characteristics of C4 photosynthesis in stems, petioles, and transmitting tract cells. The tobacco stress-induced Aquaporin1 (NtAQP1) functions as both water and CO2 channel. In tobacco plants, overexpression of NtAQP1 increases leaf net photosynthesis (AN), mesophyll CO2 conductance, and stomatal conductance, whereas its silencing reduces root hydraulic conductivity (Lp). Nevertheless, interaction between NtAQP1 leaf and root activities and its impact on plant WUE and productivity under normal and stress conditions have never been suggested. Thus, the aim of this study was to suggest a role for NtAQP1 in plant WUE, stress resistance, and productivity. Expressing NtAQP1 in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants (TOM-NtAQP1) resulted in higher stomatal conductance, whole-plant transpiration, and AN under all conditions tested. In contrast to controls, where, under salt stress, Lp decreased more than 3-fold, TOM-NtAQP1 plants, similar to maize (Zea mays; C4) plants, did not reduce Lp dramatically (only by approximately 40%). Reciprocal grafting provided novel evidence for NtAQP1's role in preventing hydraulic failure and maintaining the whole-plant transpiration rate. Our results revealed independent, albeit closely related, NtAQP1 activities in roots and leaves. This dual activity, which increases the plant's water use and AN under optimal and stress conditions, resulted in improved WUE. Consequently, it contributed to the plant's stress resistance in terms of yield production under all tested conditions, as demonstrated in both tomato and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants constitutively expressing NtAQP1. The putative involvement of NtAQP1 in tobacco's C4-like photosynthesis characteristics is discussed.
The Pepper 9-Lipoxygenase GeneCaLOX1Functions in Defense and Cell Death Responses to Microbial Pathogens
Authors: Hwang In Sun , Hwang Byung Kook 
Published: November 2009

AbstractLipoxygenases (LOXs) are crucial for lipid peroxidation processes during plant defense responses to pathogen infection. A pepper (Capsicum annuum) 9-LOX gene, CaLOX1, which encodes a 9-specific lipoxygenase, was isolated from pepper leaves. Recombinant CaLOX1 protein expressed in Escherichia coli catalyzed the hydroperoxidation of linoleic acid, with a Km value of 113. 9 μm. Expression of CaLOX1 was differentially induced in pepper leaves not only during Xanthomonas campestris pv vesicatoria (Xcv) infection but also after exposure to abiotic elicitors. Transient expression of CaLOX1 in pepper leaves induced the cell death phenotype and defense responses. CaLOX1-silenced pepper plants were more susceptible to Xcv and Colletotrichum coccodes infection, which was accompanied by reduced expression of defense-related genes, lowered lipid peroxidation, as well as decreased reactive oxygen species and lowered salicylic acid accumulation. Infection with Xcv, especially in an incompatible interaction, rapidly stimulated LOX activity in unsilenced, but not CaLOX1-silenced, pepper leaves. Furthermore, overexpression of CaLOX1 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) conferred enhanced resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato, Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis, and Alternaria brassicicola. In contrast, mutation of the Arabidopsis CaLOX1 ortholog AtLOX1 significantly increased susceptibility to these three pathogens. Together, these results suggest that CaLOX1 and AtLOX1 positively regulate defense and cell death responses to microbial pathogens.
Dynamic Acclimation of Photosynthesis Increases Plant Fitness in Changing Environments
Authors: Athanasiou Kleovoulos , Dyson Beth C. , Webster Rachel E. , Johnson Giles N. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Plants growing in different environments develop with different photosynthetic capacities—developmental acclimation of photosynthesis. It is also possible for fully developed leaves to change their photosynthetic capacity—dynamic acclimation. The importance of acclimation has not previously been demonstrated. Here, we show that developmental and dynamic acclimation are distinct processes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that dynamic acclimation plays an important role in increasing the fitness of plants in natural environments. Plants of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) were grown at low light and then transferred to high light for up to 9 d. This resulted in an increase in photosynthetic capacity of approximately 40%. A microarray analysis showed that transfer to high light resulted in a substantial but transient increase in expression of a gene, At1g61800, encoding a glucose-6-phosphate/phosphate translocator GPT2. Plants where this gene was disrupted were unable to undergo dynamic acclimation. They were, however, still able to acclimate developmentally. When grown under controlled conditions, fitness, measured as seed output and germination, was identical, regardless of GPT2 expression. Under naturally variable conditions, however, fitness was substantially reduced in plants lacking the ability to acclimate. Seed production was halved in gpt2™ plants, relative to wild type, and germination of the seed produced substantially less. Dynamic acclimation of photosynthesis is thus shown to play a crucial and previously unrecognized role in determining the fitness of plants growing in changing environments.
Flexibility contra Stiffness: The Phragmoplast as a Physical Barrier for Beads But Not for Vesicles
Authors: Esseling-Ozdoba Agnieszka , Kik Richard A. , van Lammeren Andreݩ A.M. , Kleijn J. Mieke , Emons Anne Mie C. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
In plant cells, Golgi vesicles are transported to the division plane to fuse with each other, forming the cell plate, the initial membrane-bordered cell wall separating daughter cells. Vesicles, but not organelles, move through the phragmoplast, which consists of two opposing cylinders of microtubules and actin filaments, interlaced with endoplasmic reticulum membrane. To study physical aspects of this transport/inhibition process, we microinjected fluorescent synthetic 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-rac-1-glycerol (DOPG) vesicles and polystyrene beads into Tradescantia virginiana stamen hair cells. The phragmoplast was nonselective for DOPG vesicles of a size up to 150 nm in diameter but was a physical barrier for polystyrene beads having a diameter of 20 and 40 nm and also when beads were coated with the same DOPG membrane. We conclude that stiffness is a parameter for vesicle transit through the phragmoplast and discuss that cytoskeleton configurations can physically block such transit.