bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interaction of α
V
β
3
and α
V
β
6
Integrins with Human Parechovirus 1
Authors: Seitsonen Jani , Susi Petri , Heikkilä Outi , Sinkovits Robert S. , Laurinmäki Pasi , Hyypiä Timo , Butcher Sarah J. 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACT

Human parechovirus (HPEV) infections are very common in early childhood and can be severe in neonates. It has been shown that integrins are important for cellular infectivity of HPEV1 through experiments using peptide blocking assays and function-blocking antibodies to α
V
integrins. The interaction of HPEV1 with α
V
integrins is presumably mediated by a C-terminal RGD motif in the capsid protein VP1. We characterized the binding of integrins α
V
β
3
and α
V
β
6
to HPEV1 by biochemical and structural studies. We showed that although HPEV1 bound efficiently to immobilized integrins, α
V
β
6
bound more efficiently than α
V
β
3
to immobilized HPEV1. Moreover, soluble α
V
β
6
, but not α
V
β
3
, blocked HPEV1 cellular infectivity, indicating that it is a high-affinity receptor for HPEV1. We also showed that HPEV1 binding to integrins
in vitro
could be partially blocked by RGD peptides. Using electron cryo-microscopy and image reconstruction, we showed that HPEV1 has the typical T=1 (pseudo T=3) organization of a picornavirus. Complexes of HPEV1 and integrins indicated that both integrin footprints reside between the 5-fold and 3-fold symmetry axes. This result does not match the RGD position predicted from the coxsackievirus A9 X-ray structure but is consistent with the predicted location of this motif in the shorter C terminus found in HPEV1. This first structural characterization of a parechovirus indicates that the differences in receptor binding are due to the amino acid differences in the integrins rather than to significantly different viral footprints.
Phylogeny-Based Evolutionary, Demographical, and Geographical Dissection of North American Type 2 Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Viruses
Authors: Shi Mang , Lam Tommy Tsan-Yuk , Hon Chung-Chau , Murtaugh Michael P. , Davies Peter R. , Hui Raymond Kin-Hei , Li Jun , Wong Lina Tik-Wim , Yip Chi-Wai , Jiang Jin-Wai , Leung Frederick Chi-Ching 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTType 2 (or North American-like) porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) was first recorded in 1987 in the United States and now occurs in most commercial swine industries throughout the world. In this study, we investigated the epidemiological and evolutionary behaviors of type 2 PRRSV. Based on phylogenetic analyses of 8,624 ORF5 sequences, we described a comprehensive picture of the diversity of type 2 PRRSVs and systematically classified all available sequences into lineages and sublineages, including a number of previously undescribed lineages. With the rapid growth of sequence deposition into the databases, it would be technically difficult for veterinary researchers to genotype their sequences by reanalyzing all sequences in the databases. To this end, a set of reference sequences was established based on our classification system, which represents the principal diversity of all available sequences and can readily be used for further genotyping studies. In addition, we further investigated the demographic histories of these lineages and sublineages by using Bayesian coalescence analyses, providing evolutionary insights into several important epidemiological events of type 2 PRRSV. Moreover, by using a phylogeographic approach, we were able to estimate the transmission frequencies between the pig-producing states in the United States and identified several states as the major sources of viral spread, i.e., “transmission centers.” In summary, this study represents the most extensive phylogenetic analyses of type 2 PRRSV to date, providing a basis for future genotyping studies and dissecting the epidemiology of type 2 PRRSV from phylogenetic perspectives.
WEB SERVICE CHOREOGRAPHY CONFORMANCE VERIFICATION THROUGH THE piX-MODEL
Authors: VAN SEGHBROECK GREGORY , VOLCKAERT BRUNO , DE TURCK FILIP , DHOEDT BART , DEMEESTER PIET 
Published: June 2010

As the adoption of the Service Oriented Architecture paradigm has dramatically increased over the past few years, proper coordination of loosely coupled services becomes an important issue when building state-of-the-art applications. This coordination is typically organized through orchestration (requiring a central coordinating entity) or through choreographies. While the latter approach allows for a fully distributed coordination, the need also arises for a distributed conformance check, ensuring that each participant of the choreography behaves according to the general choreography. In this paper, a formalism is presented to ensure this conformance at design time, with possible extensions to deploy time and to runtime conformance checking. This formalism is referred to as the piX-model and it will be shown that the approach taken is inherently less complex, both in time and space, than the conventional π-calculus-based approach, whilst offering the same conformance guarantees. This gain in performance allows for a small design turnaround time, and also opens the avenue to runtime conformance checking by resource constrained devices.
Killing the Killer: Natural Killer Cells to Treat Ewing's Sarcoma
Authors: Ahn Yong-Oon , Weigel Brenda , Verneris Michael R. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Cho and coworkers show that Ewing's sarcoma cells are highly sensitive to expanded allogeneic natural killer (NK) cells, partially through a NKG2D– and DNAM-1–dependent mechanism. Using an orthotopic murine model, they also show that irradiation significantly enhances the NK-cell killing of these tumors. Clin Cancer Res; 16(15); 3819–21. ©2010 AACR.
Bodiless Demons and Written Gospels
Authors: Mitchell Matthew W. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis article explores some of the methodological and exegetical issues raised in a recent Novum Testamentum article by Pier Franco Beatrice, in which a new understanding of the Judaic gospel tradition in the second century was proposed, based in large part upon the contention that Ignatius of Antioch displays knowledge of the Gospel of the Hebrews. The author responds specifically to Beatrice’s treatment of Ignatius’ writings, as well as discussing other recent literature on the issue of Ignatius and his sources, arguing that great caution needs to be displayed in any discussion alleging Ignatius’ use of written sources.
Ehe als Sanatorium Plutarchs
Authors: Becker Matthias 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis study examines the relevance of Plutarch’s Conjugal Precepts for the interpretation of the Pastoral Epistles’ view on marriage with special regard to 1 Tim 2:9-15. By comparing the two texts the author concludes that not only do they share a conservative marriage-ethos, which can be detected in their approval of female subordination, but they more importantly share the belief that marriage acts as a kind of sanatorium within which the wife is made free from her so-called vitium feminae. According to Plutarch, marriage helps women to be freed from a lack of logos that supposedly characterizes their nature. In the Pastoral Epistles the healing function of marriage is directed toward the Satanic deception that every woman supposedly suffers from as a result of Eve’s transgression. Through marriage the vitium feminae is transformed into the salus uxoris.
What do we really know about Women’s Rites in the Israelite Family Context?
Authors: Olyan Saul M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWhat we know about the roles of women in Israelite family religion is a topic in need of reassessment. In this article, the author evaluates a number of common claims which have been made about family religion and gender. These include the idea that goddess worship was especially important to women; that Judean pillar figurines were used primarily or exclusively by women in their ritual activities; that the religious practices of ancient Israelite women overlapped little with those of men; and that birth-related ritual contexts were a special preserve of women.
Expelling the Demon of Effeminacy: Anniwiyani’s Ritual and the Question of Homosexuality in Hittite Thought
Authors: Peled Ilan 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe ritual of Anniwiyani drew the attention of scholars for more than eighty years, since its earliest publications. As its aim is not self-evident, various speculations and attempts were made during the years in order to try and comprehend it. The conventional explanations focused on the masculine-feminine dichotomy characterizing the ritual, as the background for its performance. The current paper sets forth a new interpretation, according to which the ritual actually aimed at treating a passive homosexual, in order to turn him into the active party in sexual relations.In light of this new perspective, the paper also seeks to assess the broader question of homosexuality in Hittite thought, as evident from several other textual sources.
The Availability in the UAE of Liens to Secure Payment under Construction Contracts
Authors: Barrette Amy L. , Brendel Neal R. , El-Riachi Wadih 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWhile much attention has been devoted to curbing the rise of lawsuits surrounding Dubai’s struggling construction industry, surprisingly little attention has been focused on another option available to contractors who seek payment for failed or troubled projects. Contractors, architects, and engineers may find relief under a seldom-reported UAE federal law that establishes qualified rights for contractors to secure payment for work under non-governmental contracts by filing a priority lien against the project itself. This article discusses the remedy, known in many common-law jurisdictions as ‘mechanic’s liens’ or ‘builders’ liens’, and why it is important for contractors to be familiar with the applicable Civil Code and Civil Procedure Code provisions. Those who first exercise their lien rights and seek to register liens with the Land Department will be treading new ground and will want to be well- prepared and educated on their rights provided under existing law.
A Calvinist Heritage to the “Curse of Ham”: Assessing the Accuracy of a Claim about Racial Subordination
Authors: Whitford David 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis article assesses the validity of the claim that Puritan theology was “preset for racism” and that it played a preeminent role in establishing racial hatred in America. It does so by examining a number of Puritans beliefs regarding the most important theological justification for slavery, the socalled Curse of Ham.
Meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of Sativex (nabiximols), on spasticity in people with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Wade Derick T , Collin Christine , Stott Colin , Duncombe Paul 
Published: June 2010

Objective: To determine the efficacy of Sativex (USAN: nabiximols) in the alleviation of spasticity in people with multiple sclerosis. Methods: The results from three randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind parallel group studies were combined for analysis. Patients: 666 patients with multiple sclerosis and spasticity. Measures: A 0—100 mm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS, transformed to a 0—10 scale) or a 0—10 Numerical Rating Scale (0—10 NRS) was used to measure spasticity. Patients achieving a ≥30% improvement from baseline in their spasticity score were defined as ‘responders’. Global impression of change (GIC) at the end of treatment was also recorded. Results: The patient populations were similar. The adjusted mean change of the numerical rating scale from baseline in the treated group was —1.30 compared with —0.97 for placebo. Using a linear model, the treatment difference was —0.32 (95% CI —0.61, —0.04, p = 0.026). A statistically significant greater proportion of treated patients were responders (odds ratio (OR) = 1.62, 95% CI 1.15, 2.28; p = 0.0073) and treated patients also reported greater improvement: odds ratio 1.67 (95% CI 1.05, 2.65; p = 0.030). High numbers of subjects experienced at least one adverse event, but most were mild to moderate in severity and all drug-related serious adverse events resolved. Conclusion: The meta-analysis demonstrates that nabiximols is well tolerated and reduces spasticity.
Compliance with McDonald criteria and red flag recognition in a general neurology practice in Ireland
Authors: Albertyn Christine , O'Dowd Sean , McHugh John , Murphy Raymond 
Published: June 2010

Background: The revised McDonald criteria aim to simplify and speed the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). An important principle of the criteria holds there should be no better explanation for the clinical presentation. In Miller et al.’s consensus statement on the differential diagnosis of MS, red flags are identified that may suggest a non-MS diagnosis. Objective: All new patients with a practice diagnosis of MS were assessed for compliance with McDonald criteria. The group of patients not fulfilling criteria was followed up to assess compliance over time. At the end of the follow-up period, red flags were sought in the group of patients who remained McDonald criteria negative. Methods: Clinical notes and paraclinical tests were examined retrospectively for compliance with McDonald criteria and for the presence of red flags. Results: Sixty-two patients were identified, with two lost to follow-up. Twenty-six (42%) patients fulfilled criteria at diagnosis. After 53 months follow-up, 47 (78%) patients fulfilled criteria. In the 13 (22%) patients who remain McDonald criteria negative, a total of 20 red flags were identified, ranging from one to six per patient. Alternative diagnoses were considered and further investigations performed in 10 patients with no significantly abnormal results. Conclusion: Twenty-two percent of patients still do not fulfill McDonald criteria after 53 months. Dissemination in time was not proven in the majority of patients and the lack of follow-up neuroimaging was an important factor in this. Red flags may be useful in identifying alternative diagnoses, but the yield was low in our cohort.
PTEN regulates collagen-induced platelet activation
Authors: Weng Zhen , Li Ding , Zhang Lin , Chen Jian , Ruan Changgeng , Chen Guoqiang , Gartner T. Kent , Liu Junling 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) has been shown to play an important role in collagen-induced platelet activation, but the role(s) of PTEN, a major regulator of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, has not been examined in platelets. Here, we report that Pten−/− mouse blood contains 25% more platelets than Pten+/+ blood and that PTEN deficiency significantly shortened the bleeding time, increased the sensitivity of platelets to collagen-induced activation and aggregation, and enhanced phosphorylation of Akt at Ser473 in response to collagen. Furthermore, we found that PP2, and the combination of apyrase, indomethacin + 1B5, respectively, inhibited collagen-induced aggregation in both PTEN+/+ and PTEN−/− platelets. In contrast, LY294002 (a PI3K inhibitor) prevented the aggregation of PTEN+/+, but not PTEN−/−, platelets. Therefore, PTEN apparently regulates collagen-induced platelet activation through PI3K/Akt-dependent and -independent signaling pathways.
Transcriptome sequencing and comparative analysis of cucumber flowers with different sex types
Authors: Guo Shaogui , Zheng Yi , Joung Je-Gun , Liu Shiqiang , Zhang Zhonghua , Crasta Oswald R , Sobral Bruno W , Xu Yong , Huang Sanwen , Fei Zhangjun 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackgroundCucumber,Cucumis sativusL., is an economically and nutritionally important crop of theCucurbitaceaefamily and has long served as a primary model system for sex determination studies. Recently, the sequencing of its whole genome has been completed. However, transcriptome information of this species is still scarce, with a total of around 8,000 Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) and mRNA sequences currently available in GenBank. In order to gain more insights into molecular mechanisms of plant sex determination and provide the community a functional genomics resource that will facilitate cucurbit research and breeding, we performed transcriptome sequencing of cucumber flower buds of two near-isogenic lines, WI1983G, a gynoecious plant which bears only pistillate flowers, and WI1983H, a hermaphroditic plant which bears only bisexual flowers.ResultUsing Roche-454 massive parallel pyrosequencing technology, we generated a total of 353,941 high quality EST sequences with an average length of 175bp, among which 188,255 were from gynoecious flowers and 165,686 from hermaphroditic flowers. These EST sequences, together with ~5,600 high quality cucumber EST and mRNA sequences available in GenBank, were clustered and assembled into 81,401 unigenes, of which 28,452 were contigs and 52,949 were singletons. The unigenes and ESTs were further mapped to the cucumber genome and more than 500 alternative splicing events were identified in 443 cucumber genes. The unigenes were further functionally annotated by comparing their sequences to different protein and functional domain databases and assigned with Gene Ontology (GO) terms. A biochemical pathway database containing 343 predicted pathways was also created based on the annotations of the unigenes. Digital expression analysis identified ~200 differentially expressed genes between flowers of WI1983G and WI1983H and provided novel insights into molecular mechanisms of plant sex determination process. Furthermore, a set of SSR motifs and high confidence SNPs between WI1983G and WI1983H were identified from the ESTs, which provided the material basis for future genetic linkage and QTL analysis.ConclusionA large set of EST sequences were generated from cucumber flower buds of two different sex types. Differentially expressed genes between these two different sex-type flowers, as well as putative SSR and SNP markers, were identified. These EST sequences provide valuable information to further understand molecular mechanisms of plant sex determination process and forms a rich resource for future functional genomics analysis, marker development and cucumber breeding.
Tracking the transcriptional host response from the acute to the regenerative phase of experimental pneumococcal meningitis
Authors: Wittwer Matthias , Grandgirard Denis , Rohrbach Janine , Leib Stephen L 
Published: June 2010

Abstract

Background
Despite the availability of effective antibiotic therapies, pneumococcal meningitis (PM) has a case fatality rate of up to 30% and causes neurological sequelae in up to half of the surviving patients. The underlying brain damage includes apoptosis of neurons in the hippocampus and necrosis in the cortex. Therapeutic options to reduce acute injury and to improve outcome from PM are severely limited.
With the aim to develop new therapies a number of pharmacologic interventions have been evaluated. However, the often unpredictable outcome of interventional studies suggests that the current concept of the pathophysiologic events during bacterial meningitis is fragmentary. The aim of this work is to describe the transcriptomic changes underlying the complex mechanisms of the host response to pneumococcal meningitis in a temporal and spatial context using a well characterized infant rat model.

Methods
Eleven days old nursing Wistar rats were infected by direct intracisternal injection of 2 × 106cfu/ml of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Animals were sacrificed at 1, 3, 10 and 26 days after infection, the brain harvested and the cortex and hippocampus were sampled. The first two time points represent the acute and sub-acute phase of bacterial meningitis, whereas the latter represent the recovery phase of the disease.

Results
The major events in the regulation of the host response on a transcriptional level occur within the first 3 days after infection. Beyond this time, no differences in global gene expression in infected and control animals were detectable by microarray analysis. Whereas in the acute phase of the disease immunoregulatory processes prevail in the hippocampus and the cortex, we observed a strong activation of neurogenic processes in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, both by gene expression and immunohistology starting as early as 3 days after infection.

Conclusions
Here we describe the cellular pathways involved in the host response to experimental pneumococcal meningitis in specified disease states and brain regions. With these results we hope to provide the scientific basis for the development of new treatment strategies which take the temporal aspects of the disease into account.
Modelling human musculoskeletal functional movements using ultrasound imaging
Authors: Peolsson Michael , Löfstedt Tommy , Vogt Susanna , Stenlund Hans , Arndt Anton , Trygg Johan 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackgroundA widespread and fundamental assumption in the health sciences is that muscle functions are related to a wide variety of conditions, for example pain, ischemic and neurological disorder, exercise and injury. It is therefore highly desirable to study musculoskeletal contributions in clinical applications such as the treatment of muscle injuries, post-surgery evaluations, monitoring of progressive degeneration in neuromuscular disorders, and so on.The spatial image resolution in ultrasound systems has improved tremendously in the last few years and nowadays provides detailed information about tissue characteristics. It is now possible to study skeletal muscles in real-time during activity.MethodsThe ultrasound images are transformed to be congruent and are effectively compressed and stacked in order to be analysed with multivariate techniques. The method is applied to a relevant clinical orthopaedic research field, namely to describe the dynamics in the Achilles tendon and the calf during real-time movements.ResultsThis study introduces a novel method to medical applications that can be used to examine ultrasound image sequences and to detect, visualise and quantify skeletal muscle dynamics and functions.ConclusionsThis new objective method is a powerful tool to use when visualising tissue activity and dynamics of musculoskeletal ultrasound registrations.
"I'm the Momma": Using photo-elicitation to understand matrilineal influence on family food choice
Authors: Johnson Cassandra M , Sharkey Joseph R , McIntosh Alex W , Dean Wesley R 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackgroundMany complex and subtle aspects relating to mothers and food choice are not well understood. Mothers play a primary role in their children's food choices, but research has not specifically examined how matrilineal family members who do not reside in the same household, such as a mother's mother, aunt, or grandmother, influence the current family's food choices.MethodsSeven participants were recruited from the Household Food Inventory (HFI) Study in the Bryan/College Station, Texas. All participants completed an in-depth interview, photographed food-related activities, and discussed photographs in a follow-up in-depth interview. Interviews were transcribed verbatim from audio recordings. Transcripts were analyzed using several qualitative approaches including grounded theory to identify themes and subthemes.ResultsParticipants discussed the following themes relating to the influence of their mother or other female relation (Mom) on their families' food choices: Relationship with Mom, Just like Mom, 'Kinda' like Mom, Different than Mom, and Mom's Influence on Children's Food Choices. Overall, participants used the photographs to illustrate how they were similar or different to their mothers, or other female family member, as well as how their mothers either supported or undermined control over their children's food choices. The "Mom effect" or matrilineal influence of mothers, aunts, and grandmothers on a mother's food choices was omnipresent, even though Mom was no longer living with the participants.ConclusionsWe found a matrilineal influence to have a residual and persistent influence on a family's food choices. This finding may be helpful for understanding the contextual elements of food choice and explaining why it is sometimes difficult to change mothers' food habits.