bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequencies of ETV6–RUNX1 fusion and hyperdiploidy in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia are lower in far east than west
Authors: Liang Der‐Cherng , Shih Lee‐Yung , Yang Chao‐Ping , Hung Iou‐Jih , Liu Hsi‐Che , Jaing Tang‐Her , Yeh Ting‐Chi , Liang Sung‐Tzu , Chang Chia‐Ling , Lee En‐Hui , Lai Chung Liang , Chang Wan‐Hui 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackgroundBoth ETV6–RUNX1 (TEL–AML1) fusion and hyperdiploidy (>50 chromosomes) in transformed lymphoblasts are favorable genetic features in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).ProcedureAmong 433 Taiwanese children with ALL diagnosed at our hospitals between 1997 and 2007, the ETV6–RUNX1 fusion was found in 15.8%, and hyperdiploidy (>50 chromosomes) in 14.1% of the patients. These frequencies were lower than those reported in the West, leading us to conduct a meta‐analysis of ETV6–RUNX1 fusion and hyperdiploidy frequencies in childhood ALL based on published reports.ResultsThe frequency of ETV6–RUNX1 fusion in the Far East (Japan, Korea, China, Hong Kong, Chinese in Singapore, and Taiwan) was 13.4% (177/1,321, range: 9–23%, median 13%), significantly lower than the 22.8% (1,664/7,291, range: 19–26%, median 23%) in the West (West Europe and the United States) (P < 0.001, odds ratio = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.7–2.4). Similarly, the frequency of hyperdiploidy in Japan and Taiwan was 14.3% (333/2,334, range: 12–20%, median 16%), significantly lower than the 25.2% in the West (5,173/20,510, range: 18–34%, median 23.5%; P < 0.001, odds ratio = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.8–2.3).ConclusionsThis meta‐analysis demonstrates lower frequencies of ETV6–RUNX1 fusion and hyperdiploidy among leukemia patients in the Far East compared with the West. The integral relationship of these genetic features with a favorable outcome in childhood ALL warrants further study of potentially important epidemiologic factors, including placental exposure to leukemogenic agents, and host pharmacogenetics. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:430–433. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Proteomic analysis of low‐ to high‐grade astrocytomas reveals an alteration of the expression level of raf kinase inhibitor protein and nucleophosmin
Authors: Gimenez Marcela , de Oliveira Souza Vanessa Cristina , Izumi Clarice , Barbieri Manuela R. , Chammas Roger , Oba‐Shinjo Sueli Mieko , Uno Miyuki , Marie Suely Kazue Nagahashi , Rosa José Cesar 
Published: June 2010

AbstractProteomic approaches have been useful for the identification of aberrantly expressed proteins in complex diseases such as cancer. These proteins are not only potential disease biomarkers, but also targets for therapy. The aim of this study was to identify differentially expressed proteins in diffuse astrocytoma grade II, anaplastic astrocytoma grade III and glioblastoma multiforme grade IV in human tumor samples and in non‐neoplastic brain tissue as control using 2‐DE and MS. Tumor and control brain tissue dissection was guided by histological hematoxylin/eosin tissue sections to provide more than 90% of tumor cells and astrocytes. Six proteins were detected as up‐regulated in higher grade astrocytomas and the most important finding was nucleophosmin (NPM) (p<0.05), whereas four proteins were down‐regulated, among them raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) (p<0.05). We report here for the first time the alteration of NPM and RKIP expression in brain cancer. Our focus on these proteins was due to the fact that they are involved in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and RAS/RAF/MAPK pathways, known for their contribution to the development and progression of gliomas. The proteomic data for NPM and RKIP were confirmed by Western blot, quantitative real‐time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Due to the participation of NPM and RKIP in uncontrolled proliferation and evasion of apoptosis, these proteins are likely targets for drug development.
Inhibitory effects of Hoelen extract on melanogenesis in B16/F1 melanoma cells
Authors: Chang Mun Seog , Choi Moon Jung , Park Soo Yeon , Park Seong Kyu 
Published: June 2010

AbstractMelanin synthesis is regulated by melanogenic proteins, such as tyrosinase, tyrosinase‐related protein 1 (TRP‐1) and TRP‐2. The effects of Hoelen extract on melanogenesis were investigated in B16Fl murine melanoma cells. Specifically, tyrosinase activity, cell viability and melanin content were assayed, and western blotting and RT‐PCR for tyrosinase, TRP‐1 and TRP‐2 conducted. The results show that Hoelen significantly inhibited melanin synthesis through inhibition of TRP‐2 expression, while it did not affect tyrosinase activity or its expression. Taken together, RT‐PCR results showed that the depigmentation effect of Hoelen may be due to inhibition of TRP‐2 gene transcription. These results suggest that Hoelen may be a useful inhibitor for the attenuation of melanogenesis and hyperpigmentation in skin cells. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toxicological evaluation of fucoidan from Undaria pinnatifidain vitro and in vivo
Authors: Chung Hyuck‐Jin , Jeun Jungae , Houng Soung‐Jin , Jun Hee‐Jin , Kweon Dong‐Keon , Lee Sung‐Joon 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe potential toxicity of fucoidan from Undaria pinnatifida was investigated in vitro and in vivo. By the Ames test, fucoidan showed no mutagenicity up to 500 μL/plate, and inhibited the mutagenicity induced by 4‐nitro‐quinoline‐1‐oxide, by up to 71%, compared with controls. In the bone marrow micronucleus test, fucoidan, at all levels tested, did not change the micronucleated polychromatic erythrocyte percentage ratio in mouse bone marrow cells. As an acute in vivo toxicity test, fucoidan from 0 to 2000 mg/kg body weight per day was administered orally to Sprague‐Dawley rats for 28 days. No significant toxicological change was induced by fucoidan treatment up to 1000 mg/kg body weight per day in biochemical analyses, hematological analyses, necropsy and liver histopathology. The plasma ALT level was slightly, but significantly, increased in male rats at 2000 mg/kg/day. The consumption of fucoidan from Undaria pinnatifida, up to 1000 mg/kg body weight per day, may be safe in rodents, with no sign of toxicity after up to 28 days of daily administration. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The ability of green tea to positively modulate key markers of gastrointestinal function in rats
Authors: Molan Abdul‐Lateef , Liu Zhuojian , Tiwari Ruby 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe beneficial effects of selenium‐containing green tea (Se‐GTE, 1.44 mg selenium/kg dry leaves) and China green tea (CH‐GTE, 0.13 mg selenium/kg leaves) on the population size of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria and the activity of two microbial enzymes in the caeca of rats have been investigated. Oral gavage of rats with Se‐GTE extract for 6 days resulted in a significant increase in caecal counts of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria (p < 0.05) while significantly reducing the caecal counts of bacteroides and clostridial bacteria. In contrast, gavaging the rats with CH‐GTE extract for 6 days resulted in a slight but not significant increase in the numbers of caecal lactobacilli and bifidobacteria but decreased significantly the numbers of bacteroides (p < 0.05) and clostridia (p < 0.05). In addition, rats gavaged with CH‐GTE and Se‐GTE showed a 17.2% and 21.3% reduction in the activity of the bacterial enzyme β‐glucuronidase, respectively, when compared with the rats gavaged with water only. β‐glucuronidase is considered to be one of the enzymes that increases the risk for colorectal cancer. Moreover, gavaging rats with these teas resulted in 19% and 25.5% increments in the activity of β‐glucosidase, respectively. In conclusion, Se‐GTE showed both bifidogenic and lactogenic effects and the high level of selenium may be behind the superiority of this tea over CH‐GTE. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antidiabetic effect of propolis: reduction of expression of glucose‐6‐phosphatase through inhibition of Y279 and Y216 autophosphorylation of GSK‐3α/β in HepG2 cells
Authors: Kang Li‐Jung , Lee Hwanghee Blaise , Bae Hyeun‐Jong , Lee Seong‐Gene 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPropolis is a sticky, resinous material that honey bees collect from various plants, and mix with wax and other secretions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of propolis through an analysis of the expression and enzyme activity of glucose‐6‐phosphatase (G6Pase) and to elucidate the mechanism by which propolis inhibits G6Pase gene expression. When HepG2 cells were incubated in high glucose media (25 mm), G6Pase expression was induced. Propolis significantly reduced the expression and enzyme activity of G6Pase; however, the hypoglycemic effect was not abolished by the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase inhibitor, LY294002, and by the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor, U0126. Propolis inhibited the activity of GSK3α and β via the inhibition of serine and tyrosine phosphorylation, specifically, Y279 for GSK3α and Y216 for GSK3β. The phosphorylations of Y279 and Y216 occur through autophosphorylation by GSK3α/β and are involved in their own activity. Although propolis showed antioxidant activity, antidiabetic effect of propolis was not influenced by hydrogen peroxide andN‐acetylcysteine. These results suggest that propolis inhibits the expression of G6Pase by inhibiting the autophosphorylation of Y279 and Y216 of GSK3α and β, respectively, which are involved in the activation of GSK3. These findings suggest that propolis may be a potential antidiabetic agent for the treatment of insulin‐insensitive diabetes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acute effects of dietary ginger on muscle pain induced by eccentric exercise
Authors: Black Christopher D. , O'Connor Patrick J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractZingiber officinale, commonly known as ginger, has analgesic and antiinflammatory properties. The acute effects of ginger on muscle pain, inflammation and dysfunction induced by eccentric exercise were examined. Twenty‐seven participants performed 24 eccentric actions of the non‐dominant elbow flexors. In a double‐blind, cross‐over design, participants ingested a 2 g dose of ginger or placebo 24 h and 48 h after exercise. Pain intensity (0–100 mm), arm volume (water displacement), range‐of‐motion (goniometry) and metabolic rate were assessed before and 45 min after ingestion of ginger or placebo. Eccentric exercise induced moderate arm pain (39 ± 20 mm; mean ± SD) and dysfunction (14% decrease in ROM) and an increase in volume (1.8%). Overall, ginger consumption demonstrated no effect on muscle pain, dysfunction, or metabolic rate compared with placebo. In the sub‐set of participants who consumed ginger 24 h after exercise, arm pain was reduced (13%, −5.9 ± 8.8 mm) the following day, 48 h after exercise. Participants who ingested placebo 24 h post‐exercise exhibited no change in pain the following day (0.0 ± 14.7 mm). In conclusion, a single 2 g dose of ginger does not attenuate eccentric exercise‐induced muscle pain, inflammation or dysfunction 45 min after ingestion. However, ginger may attenuate the day‐to‐day progression of muscle pain. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vitro antiviral activity of lutein against hepatitis B virus
Authors: Pang Ran , Tao Jun‐Yan , Zhang Shu‐Ling , Zhao Lei , Yue Xin , Wang Yue‐Feng , Ye Pian , Dong Ji‐Hua , Zhu Ying , Wu Jian‐Guo 
Published: June 2010

AbstractDespite the availability of an effective vaccine, the hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and its treatment remains one of the foremost public health problems in the world. The present study was performed in order to investigate the anti‐HBV activity of lutein in vitro. The antiviral activity of lutein was examined by detecting the levels of HBsAg, HBeAg and extracellular HBV DNA in stable HBV‐producing human hepatoblastoma HepG2 2.2.15 cells. It was found that lutein effectively suppressed the secretion of HBsAg from HepG2 2.2.15 cells in a dose‐dependent manner, and it also suppressed the amount of extracellular HBV DNA. A luciferase reporter gene assay was used to determine the effects of lutein on the activities of HBV promoters. The results showed that lutein inhibited the activity of HBV full‐length promoter (Fp). These data indicate that lutein possesses an anti‐HBV activity and exerts its antivirus effects via inhibition of HBV transcription. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of berberine as a novel agonist of fatty acid receptor GPR40
Authors: Rayasam Geetha Vani , Tulasi Vamshi Krishna , Sundaram Sindhuja , Singh Winny , Kant Rajiv , Davis Joseph Alex , Saini Kulvinder Singh , Ray Abhijit 
Published: June 2010

AbstractSeveral herbal plants such as Chinese herb Rhizoma Coptidis have been reported to possess antidiabetic activity. Berberine is its major active constituent and functions as an insulin sensitizer and insulin secretagogue. It has been reported to modulate several signaling pathways and targets. The objective of the current study is to investigate if berberine can function as a ligand of fatty acid receptor GPR40, which stimulates glucose dependent insulin secretion. Towards this objective, a mammalian cell line with stable overexpression of GPR40 was generated and characterized. Berberine stimulated calcium mobilization with an EC50 of 0.76 μm in this GPR40 overexpressing cell line. Further, berberine stimulated glucose dependent insulin secretion from rat pancreatic beta cell line. This suggests that berberine functions as an agonist of fatty acid receptor GPR40 and might be a novel antidiabetic mechanism of action for berberine. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Icariin improves memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease model mice (5xFAD) and attenuates amyloid β‐induced neurite atrophy
Authors: Urano Takuya , Tohda Chihiro 
Published: June 2010

AbstractEssential therapeutic drugs for Alzheimer's disease (AD) have not been developed. Since the neuritic atrophy leading to synaptic losses is one of the critical causes of memory impairment in AD, the effects of several constituents in tonic herbal medicines on neuritic atrophy and memory deficits have been studied. The present study investigated the effects of icariin, a main constituent in Epimedii Herba, a well known tonic crude drug, in an in vitro AD model and transgenic mouse AD model (5xFAD). Amyloid β(1–42)‐induced atrophies of axons and dendrites were restored by post‐treatment with icariin in rat cortical neurons. Administration of icariin for 8 days (p.o.) improved spatial memory impairment in 5xFAD mice. These novel findings suggest that icariin may improve memory dysfunction in AD and have a potential to extend neurites even when amyloid β‐induced neurite atrophy has already occurred. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Systemic effect of Fructus Psoraleae extract on bone in mice
Authors: Wong Ricky W. K. , Rabie A. Bakr M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractFructus Psoraleae extract is used in China for the treatment of bone diseases. The objective of the study was to investigate the systemic effect of Fructus Psoraleae extract consumption on bone histomorphology. Sixteen 8‐week‐old male BALB/c mice were divided into control and experimental groups. In the control group, eight mice were fed daily with distilled water. In the experimental group, eight mice were fed daily with distilled water mixed with Fructus Psoraleae extract. The mice were kept for 5 weeks and then killed. Using micro‐computed tomography, 20 micro‐tomographic slices with a separation of 0.25 mm were acquired to cover the proximal end of the left tibia of each mouse. Quantitative morphometry of the bone structure was performed. The results showed that consumption of Fructus Psoraleae extract significantly increased the bone volume/tissue volume ratio by 11.8%. The bone trabeculae increased by 7.1% in thickness so that the bone density was increased. To conclude, Fructus Psoraleae extract taken orally increases bone density and alters bone histomorphology. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical Risk Score Can be Used to Select Patients for Staging Laparoscopy and Laparoscopic Ultrasound for Colorectal Liver Metastases
Authors: Shah A. J. , Phull J. , Finch‐Jones M. D. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackgroundDespite advanced staging investigations, some patients with potentially resectable colorectal liver metastases (CLM) are unresectable at laparotomy. Staging laparoscopy and laparoscopic ultrasound (Lap + LUS) detects a subset of these unresectable patients before a major laparotomy. Clinical risk scoring may be helpful to identify this subgroup. The goal of our study was to evaluate the role of Lap + LUS and to assess the value of the Memorial Sloan Kettering clinical risk score (CRS) in identifying this subset.MethodsPatients were identified from the regional multidisciplinary team (MDT) cancer database and operative records for a 5‐year period. All patients whose tumors were deemed resectable proceeded to Lap + LUS. LUS findings were recorded and any change in MDT plan was noted. LUS findings were compared with resectability at open surgery. The CRS (Memorial Sloan‐Kettering) based on five factors was calculated.ResultsA total of 79 patients were identified. In 15 of 74 patients, LUS prevented an unnecessary laparotomy by predicting the benign nature of lesions or demonstrating unresectability. The CRS ranged from 0 to 4. Lap + LUS prevented an operation in only 7% of patients with a CRS of ≤2. However in patients with a CRS > 2, Lap + LUS prevented an operation in 24% of patients.ConclusionsLUS prevented an unnecessary laparotomy in 20% of patients. This may reduce inpatient stay, morbidity, and mortality, allowing some patients to proceed to palliative treatments earlier. The benefit of Lap + LUS is limited in patients with a CRS of ≤2. It is worth considering selective use of Lap + LUS for the staging of CLM.
Evolution of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Non Morbid Obese Gastrectomized Patients with Roux en‐Y Reconstruction: Retrospective Study
Authors: Lanzarini Enrique , Csendes Attila , Lembach Hans , Molina Juan , Gutiérrez Luis , Silva Johanna 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectiveBariatric surgery in morbidly obese patients with type 2 diabetes results systematically in adequate glycemic control, normalization of insulinemia, and a decrease in glycosylated hemoglobin, effects that appear early after surgery in nearly 80 to 90% of them. Possible reasons that have been discussed are a decrease in caloric consumption, weight loss, and hormonal changes at the gastrointestinal level, which could have a positive effect on glucose metabolism. Various authors have proposed the possibility of passing on this indication to diabetic patients who are overweight or are mildly obese. The purpose of this retrospective investigation was to determine the effect of total or subtotal gastrectomy with Roux‐en‐Y reconstruction on the metabolic control of patients with type 2 diabetes with a body mass index (BMI) < 35, operated on for reasons other than obesity.MethodsFrom January 1999 to December 2007, a total of 23 diabetic patients who underwent total or subtotal gastrectomy with a gastrojejunal or esphagojejunal anastomosis with Roux‐en‐Y reconstruction of 60 to 70 cm length were included in this investigation.ResultsThe group consisted of 23 patients (14 men, 9 women, average age 62.9 ± 7.9 years, average BMI 29.1 ± 5.1). The principal reason for gastrectomy in these patients was gastric cancer in 19 patients (82.6%). The surgical procedure was total gastrectomy in 17 cases (73.9%) and subtotal gastrectomy in 6 cases (26.1%). Postoperative follow‐up was 22 months. Before surgery the mean blood glucose level was 151.4 mg/dl. Late after surgery, 15 patients (65.2%) had a fasting blood glucose <126 mg/dl and are not using medication (remission), 7 (30.4%) patients have better metabolic control with a normal blood glucose but are still taking medication (improvement), and just 1 (4.3%) patient has an altered blood glucose and uses insulin (no change).ConclusionsGastrectomy and short Roux‐en‐Y limb reconstruction in type 2 diabetes patients with BMI < 35, with the patients submitted to surgery mainly for gastric cancer, correlates with remission of diabetes in 65% and improvement in 30.4%.
Serum Total Cholesterol in Nosocomial Infections After Gastrointestinal Surgery
Authors: Morimoto Mitsuaki , Nakamura Yosikazu , Atsuko Sadakane , Nagaie Takashi , Shirabe Ken 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe profile of lipoprotein expression in plasma is altered by surgical stress. The role of total cholesterol in postsurgical patients with nosocomial infection remains unknown.MethodsWe validated the data from 1,031 patients undergoing open gastrointestinal surgery between December 2006 and November 2008 using a clinical database available from Iizuka Hospital. Biochemical parameters related to plasma total cholesterol were measured. Various parameters predictive of the conditions—e.g., surgical incisional infection, organ space infection, pneumonia within 30 days after surgery—were assessed by multiple logistic regression analyses.ResultsThe most frequent infection was surgical incisional infection. Serum total cholesterol levels—(1) lowest quartile (<159 mg/dl) vs. reference (200–239 mg/dl): adjusted odds ratio (OR) 5.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.28–12.76; (2) second lowest quartile (160–199 mg/dl) vs. reference: OR 2.76, 95% CI 1.01–7.53—showed a significant inverse relation with surgical incisional infection. Both lowest and highest total cholesterol levels were associated with a higher risk of surgical incisional infection and organ space infection. None of the patients with high (≥200 mg/dl) total cholesterol levels suffered from pneumonia.ConclusionsTotal cholesterol levels appeared to be one of the risk factors for surgical incisional infection and pneumonia. Patients with borderline blood cholesterol levels (200–239 mg/dl) seemed to be the best candidates for operation.
Short‐Term and Long‐Term Outcomes After Simultaneous Resection of Colorectal Malignancies and Synchronous Liver Metastases
Authors: de Santibañes Eduardo , Fernandez Diego , Vaccaro Carlos , Quintana Guillermo Ojea , Bonadeo Fernando , Pekolj Juan , Bonofiglio Carlos , Molmenti Ernesto 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackgroundWe evaluated the simultaneous resection of colorectal malignancies and synchronous liver metastases.MethodsBetween June 1982 and June 2006, a total of 752 patients underwent resection of colorectal hepatic metastases. In all, 185 (25%) of them underwent simultaneous resection of the hepatic lesions and the corresponding primary tumors.ResultsThe median hospital stay was 8 days (range 4–24 days), with a median operating time of 4 h (range 2–8 h). Altogether, 62 (33.5%) patients required intraoperative transfusion of packed red blood cells (median 2.1 IU, range 1–5 IU), and 25 (13.5%) were given frozen fresh plasma (median 2.1 IU, range 1–4 IU). The morbidity rate was 20.5%. There were two postoperative deaths (mortality rate 1.08%) within 30 days of the surgical intervention. Major hepatectomy was associated with greater morbidity (37.2% vs. 16.2%, P < 0.01) and mortality (4.7% vs. 0%, P < 0.05) rates. For the overall survivals (OS) at 3 and 5 years were 60.1% (52.3–67.85%) and 36.1% (27.4‐44.8%), respectively. Disease‐free survivals (DFS) at 3 and 5 years were 37.7% (30.2–45.3%) and 26.5% (18.7–34.3%), respectively. Transfusion of blood products, CEA level ≥ 200 ng/dl, and N2 node status were found to be prognostic factors by univariate analysis. CEA level ≥ 200 ng/dl and N2 node status achieved prognostic significance by multivariate analysis.ConclusionsThe simultaneous resection of colorectal malignancies and synchronous liver metastases is safe, avoids an additional intervention, can be performed with low morbidity and mortality, and is associated with good oncologic outcomes. Node stage N2 and CEA level ≥ 200 ng/dl should be given special consideration when selecting patients.