bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Silencing of HSulf-2 expression in MCF10DCIS.com cells attenuate ductal carcinoma in situ progression to invasive ductal carcinoma in vivo
Authors: Khurana Ashwani , McKean Hiedi , Kim Hyunseok , Kim Sung-Hoon , Mcguire Jacie , Roberts Lewis R , Goetz Matthew P , Shridhar Viji 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Introduction
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast is a heterogeneous group of proliferative cellular lesions that have the potential to become invasive. Very little is known about the molecular alterations involved in the progression from DCIS to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Heparan endosulfatase (HSulf-2) edits sulfate moieties on heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) and has been implicated in modulating heparin binding growth factor signaling, angiogenesis and tumorigenesis. However, the role of HSulf-2 in breast cancer progression is poorly understood. MCF10DCIS.com cells (referred as MCF10DCIS) express HSulf-2 and form comedo type DCIS and progress to IDC when transplanted in immune-deficient mice and, therefore, is an ideal model to study breast cancer progression. We evaluated the role of HSulf-2 in progression from DCIS to IDC using mouse fat pad mammary xenografts.

Methods
Non-target control (NTC) and HSulf-2 knockdown in MCF10DCIS breast cancer cells were achieved by NTC shRNA and two different lentiviral shRNA against HSulf-2 respectively. Xenografts were established by injecting NTC and HSulf-2 deficient MCF10DCIS cells in mouse mammary fat pads. Xenografts were subjected to H&E staining for morphological analysis, TUNEL and Propidium iodide staining (to determine the extent of apoptosis), Western blot analysis and zymography.

Results
Using a mouse mammary fat pad derived xenograft model, we observed that compared to control treated xenografts, down-regulation of HSulf-2 was associated with significant delays in growth at Week 7 (P-value < 0.05). Histological examination of the tumors demonstrated substantial differences in comedo necrosis, with marked luminal apoptosis and up-regulation of apoptotic markers Bim, cleaved PARP and cleaved caspase 3 in HSulf-2 depleted xenografts. Furthermore, HSulf-2 depleted xenografts retained the basement membrane integrity with decreased activity and expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), an enzyme critical for degradation of extracellular matrix compared to nontargeted control.

Conclusion
Our data suggest that HSulf-2 expression may be critical for human breast cancer progression. Down-regulation of HSulf-2 leads to retention of comedo type DCIS and delays the progression of DCIS to IDC. Further studies are necessary to determine if therapeutic targeting of HSulf-2 expression might delay the progression of DCIS to IDC.
Serial soluble neurofilament heavy chain in plasma as a marker of brain injury after cardiac arrest
Authors: Rundgren Malin , Friberg Hans , Cronberg Tobias , Romner Bertil , Petzold Axel 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Introduction
Induced hypothermia has been shown to improve outcome after cardiac arrest, but early prognostication is hampered by the need for sedation. Here we tested whether a biomarker for neurodegeneration, the neurofilament heavy chain (NfH), may improve diagnostic accuracy in the first days after cardiac arrest.

Methods
This prospective study included 90 consecutive patients treated with hypothermia after cardiac arrest. Plasma levels of phosphorylated NfH (SMI35) were quantified using standard ELISA over a period of 72 h after cardiac arrest. The primary outcome was the dichotomized Cerebral Performance Categories scale (CPC). A best CPC 1-2 during 6 months follow-up was considered a good outcome, a best CPC of 3-4 a poor outcome. Receiver operator characteristics and area under the curve were calculated.

Results
The median age of the patients was 65 years, and 63 (70%) were male. A cardiac aetiology was identified in 62 cases (69%). 77 patients (86%) had out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. The outcome was good in 48 and poor in 42 patients. Plasma NfH levels were significantly higher 2 and 36 hours after cardiac arrest in patients with poor outcome (median 0.28 ng/mL and 0.5 ng/mL, respectively) compared to those with good outcome (0 ng/mL, p = 0.016, p < 0.005, respectively). The respective AUC were 0.72 and 0.71.

Conclusions
Plasma NfH levels correlate to neurological prognosis following cardiac arrest. In this study, 15 patients had neurological co-morbidities and there was a considerable overlap of data. As such, neurofilament should not be used for routine neuroprognostication until more data are available.
Central Role for PELP1 in Nonandrogenic Activation of the Androgen Receptor in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Yang Lin , Ravindranathan Preethi , Ramanan Meera , Kapur Payal , Hammes Stephen R. , Hsieh Jer-Tsong , Raj Ganesh V. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe ability of 17β-estradiol (E2) to regulate the proliferation of prostate cancer (PCa) cells in the absence of androgen is poorly understood. Here, we show the predominant estrogen receptor (ER) isoform expressed in PCa specimens and cell lines is ERβ. Our data indicate that E2 induces the formation of a complex between androgen receptor (AR), ERβ, and a proline-, glutamic acid-, and leucine-rich cofactor protein 1 (PELP1) in PCa cells. This protein complex is formed on AR's cognate DNA-responsive elements on the promoter in response to E2. Formation of this complex enables the transcription of AR-responsive genes in response to E2. Knockdown of PELP1, AR, or ERβ blocks the assembly of this complex, blocks E2-induced genomic activation of AR-regulated genes, and blocks E2-stimulated proliferation of PCa cells. Overall, this study shows that PELP1 may enable E2-induced AR signaling by forming a protein complex between AR, ERβ, and PELP1 on the DNA, leading to the proliferation of PCa cells in the absence of androgen. PELP1 may bridge the signal between E2 bound to ERβ and AR and thus allow for cross talk between these steroid receptors. These data suggest a novel mechanism of AR activation in the absence of androgens in PCa cells. Our data indicate that disruption of the complex between AR and PELP1 may be a viable therapeutic strategy in advanced PCa.
Revisiting and Questioning Functional Rescue between Dimerized LH Receptor Mutants
Authors: Zhang Meilin , Guan Rongbin , Segaloff Deborah L. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe glycoprotein hormone receptors are G protein-coupled receptors containing a large extracellular domain fused to a prototypical serpentine domain. cis-activation occurs when binding of hormone to the extracellular domain stabilizes the serpentine domain in an active conformation. Studies by others suggested that these receptors can also signal by trans-activation, where hormone binding to one receptor protomer activates the serpentine domain of an associated protomer, as documented by the partial rescue of hormone-dependent signaling when a binding defective mutant is coexpressed with a signaling defective mutant. However, our characterizations of several LH receptor (LHR) mutants used in previous studies differ markedly from those originally reported. Also, when examining a pair of LHR mutants previously shown to functionally rescue in vitro as well as in vivo, in addition to finding that the properties of the individual mutants differ significantly from those originally described, we determined that when this pair of mutants was coexpressed in vitro, quantitative analyses did not indicate functional rescue. Additional data are presented that provide a plausible alternate explanation for the apparent in vivo trans-activation that was reported. Finally, using LHR mutants that we have documented to be expressed at the cell surface but to lack human chorionic gonadotropin binding activity or to be severely impaired in their ability to activate Gs, we did not observe functional rescue of human chorionic gonadotropin-stimulated cAMP when the mutants were coexpressed, even though bioluminescence resonance energy transfer analyses confirmed that the coexpressed mutants formed dimers. Taken altogether, our data substantively question the concept of functional rescue between LHR mutants.
REVIEWS
Authors: Alhussain Eman , Mulaj Klejda 
Published: March 2012

THE POLITICAL ROAD TO WAR WITH IRAQ: BUSH, SEPEMBER 11TH AND THE DTIVER OVERTHROW SADDAM, NICK RITCHIE AND PAUL ROGERS (2007) London: Routledge, 240 pp., ISBN: 0415459508 (pbk), $US39.95
THE IRAQI REFUGEES: THE NEW CRISIS IN THE MIDDLE EAST, JOSEPH SASSOON (2011) London and
New York: I.B. Tauris, xx + 247 pp., £14.44 (pbk), £47.60 (hbk), ISBN-10: 1845119193 ISBN-13: 978-1845119195
Cinema on the cultural front: Film-making and the Mozambican revolution
Authors: Gray Ros 
Published: March 2012

During the armed struggle and the revolution that followed independence in Mozambique, film-making was understood as operating on the 'cultural front' of an international struggle against capitalist imperialism. Shortly after independence in 1975, FRELIMO established an Instituto Nacional
de Cinema (the INC), and Maputo became a key site in a network of African liberationist film-making that had been emerging since the late 1960s. In a country in which most of the population had no prior experience of the moving image, cinema offered FRELIMO the possibility of mobilizing around
a new identity based on revolutionary nationalism, and teaching the Mozambican people about how the radical transformations of decolonization connected them to other peoples struggling for emancipation across the world. This article explores how the moving image operated during the Mozambican
revolution as an agent of social change, and how this involved decolonizing film-making itself – in all its modes of production, distribution and screening.
In the offices of the Ebano film production house there is a black and white photograph. It shows a circle of young men, some
with cameras, standing and kneeling for a group portrait. I recognize Licnio Azevedo, Camillo de Sousa and Joao Costa among them. The caption, in type-writer print, reads: 'Angola (Cahama) – Setembro 1981'. I ask Camillo about the photograph. He tells me how he, Licínio and Funcho
came to be in Angola. They went at the time of the South African invasion and spent several weeks in trenches under fire working with the film-makers in the photograph to make Cinco Tiros de Mauser. Camillo points to them one by one: 'That one, Carlos Henriques, he died. Funcho made Pamberè
ne Zimbabwe with him – the first Southern African film made without foreign support. We wanted to show that it was the same fight we were involved with together against Apartheid. This is something important that you should know. Our struggle wasn't about nationalism. It may sound strange
these days, but their struggle was our struggle too.
Braucht Hoffnung Gründe? Ernst Bloch über das Hoffen als Affekt und Tugend
Authors: Tegtmeyer Henning 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Is hope in need of reasons? Cognitivist accounts of hope tend to answer this question in the affirmative, thereby taking hope to be of a belief-like nature and responsive to reasons. Non-cognitivist accounts of hope, by contrast, tend to give a negative answer, thereby taking hope to be a non-cognitive emotion and insensitive to reasons. Ernst Bloch, however, offers a more balanced account of hope in which hope is featured both as an emotion and a virtue (docta spes). This means that hope is different from belief but in need of support by reasons nonetheless, at least in its virtuous form. This double nature of hope can be brought out and defended by comparing Bloch’s conception of hope to the account of hope that Thomas Aquinas develops in which hope is both an emotion and a religious virtue (virtus infusa) and responsive to religious beliefs. Both accounts stand in sharp contrast to William James who takes hope to be a possible basis for beliefs instead. The paper explores the three conceptions of hope and also discusses the conceptual difficulty of how something can be both an emotion and a virtue. What is needed here is a non-Aristotelian conception of passive virtues.
Low Glomerular Density with Glomerulomegaly in Obesity-Related Glomerulopathy
Authors: Tsuboi Nobuo , Utsunomiya Yasunori , Kanzaki Go , Koike Kentaro , Ikegami Masahiro , Kawamura Tetsuya , Hosoya Tatsuo 
Published: March 2012

Summary

Background and objectives
Obesity-related glomerulopathy is a secondary form of glomerular disease that may occur in obese individuals. It is histologically characterized by marked glomerulomegaly closely related to glomerular hyperfiltration. This study examined glomerular density (nonsclerotic glomerular number per renal cortical area of biopsy specimen) in patients with obesity-related glomerulopathy to determine whether any differences in this measure is associated with disease status.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Glomerular density and glomerular volume in renal biopsy samples from patients with obesity-related glomerulopathy were compared with those of kidney transplant donors and patients with IgA nephropathy. Kidneys obtained from persons without renal diseases during autopsy were also analyzed to investigate the effects of obesity on glomerular density and glomerular volume.

Results
Glomerular density of kidneys from patients with obesity-related glomerulopathy (1.7±0.6/mm2) was significantly lower than that in biopsy samples from kidney transplant donors (3.1±1.0/mm2) and patients with IgA nephropathy (3.5±1.5/mm2). However, an analysis of autopsy cases without renal diseases showed that the glomerular density in overweight (2.9±0.7/mm2) or obese (3.1±1.1/mm2) persons was similar to that in nonobese (3.1±0.6/mm2) individuals. Biopsy specimens of patients with obesity-related glomerulopathy showed marked glomerulomegaly. However, glomerular volume was only modestly increased in the autopsy-examined kidneys from overweight or obese persons without renal diseases.

Conclusions
Low glomerular density associated with glomerulomegaly may be a characteristic histologic finding of patients with obesity-related glomerulopathy.
On the homology of the Harmonic Archipelago
Authors: Karimov Umed , Repovš Dušan 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
We calculate the singular homology and Čech cohomology groups of the Harmonic Archipelago. As a corollary, we prove that this space is not homotopy equivalent to the Griffiths space. This is interesting in view of Eda’s proof that the first singular homology groups of these spaces are isomorphic.
Global $\widetilde{SL(2,R)}$ representations of the Schrödinger equation with singular potential
Authors: Franco Jose 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
We study the representation theory of the solution space of the one-dimensional Schrödinger equation with singular potential V
λ(x) = λx
−2 as a representation of
$\widetilde{SL(2,\mathbb{R})}$
. The subspace of solutions for which the action globalizes is constructed via nonstandard induction outside the semisimple category. By studying the subspace of K-finite vectors in this space, a distinguished family of potentials, parametrized by the triangular numbers is shown to generate a global representation of
$\widetilde{SL(2,\mathbb{R})}$
⋉ H
3, where H
3 is the three-dimensional Heisenberg group.
On the order three Brauer classes for cubic surfaces
Authors: Elsenhans Andreas-Stephan , Jahnel Jörg 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
We describe a method to compute the Brauer-Manin obstruction for smooth cubic surfaces over ℚ such that Br(S)/Br(ℚ) is a 3-group. Our approach is to associate a Brauer class with every ordered triplet of Galois invariant pairs of Steiner trihedra. We show that all order three Brauer classes may be obtained in this way. To show the effect of the obstruction, we give explicit examples.
Application of Jacobi’s last multiplier for construction of Hamiltonians of certain biological systems
Authors: Ghose Choudhury A. , Guha Partha 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The relationship between Jacobi’s last multiplier and the Lagrangian of a second-order ordinary differential equation is quite well known. In this article we demonstrate the significance of the last multiplier in Hamiltonian theory by explicitly constructing the Hamiltonians of certain well known first-order systems of differential equations arising in biology.
Magnetic properties of ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles
Authors: Guskos Niko , Glenis Spiros , Typek Janusz , Zolnierkiewicz Grzegorz , Berczynski Pawel , Wardal Kamil , Guskos Aleksander , Sibera Daniel , Moszyński Dariusz , Lojkowski Witold , Narkiewicz Urszula 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Fine particles of ZnFe2O4 were synthesized by a wet chemical method in the (80 wt.% Fe2O3 + 20 wt.% ZnO) system. The morphological and structural properties of the mixed system were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The major phase was determined to be the ZnFe2O4 spinel with particle size of 11 nm. The magnetic properties of the material were investigated by ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) in the temperature range from liquid helium to room temperature. A very intense, asymmetric FMR signal from ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles was recorded, which has been analyzed in terms of two Callen-lineshape lines. Temperature dependence of the FMR parameters was obtained from fitting the experimental lines with two component lines. Analysis of the FMR spectra in terms of two separate components indicates the presence of strongly anisotropic magnetic interactions.
Occam’s razor reveals a hidden Churg-Strauss syndrome
Authors: Nenna Raffaella , Mennini Maurizio , Petrarca Laura , Mastrogiorgio Gerarda , Magliocca Fabio , Bonamico Margherita 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
A 28 year-old caucasian lady, with nine years of uncontrolled bronchial asthma, rhinosinusitis and mild upper limb paresthesia, came to our attention to be followed for coeliac disease (CD). She had a biopsy performed elsewhere which proved the diagnosis five years before. Since there was no clinical improvement on a strict gluten-free diet, we re-evaluated the slides of her duodenal biopsies and we found an overestimation of the duodenal lesions due to the wrong orientation of the specimens. Moreover, she had never had positive CD-related antibodies and she was negative for DQ2/DQ8 MHC Class II heterodimers. Months later, she referred she was suffering from diffuse joint pain, epistaxis and a substantial weight loss. A few days later she was hospitalized because of a sudden onset of dyspnea, peripheral edema and pleural effusion. Her echocardiogram showed global left ventricular hypokenesia with an ejection fraction of 24%. The patient was discharged with a diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy and NYHA Class II. After a large spectrum of haematological exams, the diagnosis of Churg Strauss Syndrome (CSS), a rare multisystemic small-vessel necrotizing vasculitis, was confirmed by the presence of four/five out of six diagnostic American College of Rheumatology classification criteria (Asthma, Eosinophilia >10%, Neuropathy, Non-fixed pulmonary infiltrates, Paranasal sinus abnormality and Biopsy containing a blood vessel with extravascular eosinophils). Our patient had been under-diagnosed by pulmonologist and by gastroenterologists although she presented the criteria required for CSS diagnosis. Our case report emphasizes that often seemingly unrelated symptoms can be caused by a single rare clinical complex.
Long-Term Clinical Outcomes Following the Central Incision Technique for Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy
Authors: Nunley James A. , Ruskin Greg , Horst Frank 
Published: March 2012

Background: The central incision technique, more than any other exposure, allows for optimal access to the diseased Achilles tendon as well as the Haglund's prominence and the retro calcaneal bursa. We hypothesized that the central incision technique would be an effective, well-tolerated surgical incision for the surgical treatment of insertional Achilles tendinopathy with minimal to no loss of plantarflexion strength. Methods: Retrospective review of a single surgeon's experience with 27 patients, 29 surgical procedures utilizing this central approach. Isokinetic testing of plantarflexion strength, AOFAS Foot and Ankle Survey and AOFAS hindfoot score were administered to 22 patients at a mean followup time of 4 years. An additional telephone assessment was performed at a mean followup time of 7 years. Results: Average recovery time was 5.7 (range, 2 to 16) months. There was no significant difference in plantarflexion strength between the operative and nonoperative sides. At the early (4-year) assessment, 15 patients had an AOFAS hindfoot score of 100; the average AOFAS hindfoot score was 96. The long-term assessment at a mean of 7 years; 22 patients (including the two bilateral cases) reported pain scores of 0 and they had no strength deficits. Overall, there was a 96% (22 of 23) satisfaction rate. Conclusion: Surgical debridement and resection for insertional Achilles tendinopathy using the central incision technique appears to be a technically optimal procedure affording 96% pain-free patients out 7 years with minimal to no loss of strength. Level of Evidence: IV, Retrospective Case Control Study
Complex Primary Arthrodesis of the First Metatarsophalangeal Joint After Bone Loss
Authors: Bhosale Abhijit , Munoruth Ashveen , Blundell Chris , Flowers Mark J. , Jones Stan , Davies Mark B. 
Published: March 2012

Background: Complications associated with a failed Keller procedure or joint replacement include bone loss and shortening of the first ray. We treated failed Keller resection arthroplasty and joint replacement arthroplasty cases with metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis, using an interpositional tricortical autograft from the iliac crest and a low-profile titanium plate. Methods: This was a retrospective case note review of the patients treated by four consultant surgeons in a university teaching hospital. A Keller procedure was considered to have failed when patients presented with a short, painful great toe with valgus cock-up deformity. Prosthetic joint replacements were considered to have failed based on the clinico-radiological loosening with associated pain. Metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis was carried out using an interpositional tricortical bone autograft and a titanium plate. Patients were assessed for resolution of pain, clinical and radiological evidence of fusion and complications. Ten operated feet in nine female patients, with a mean age of 55.9 (range, 37.8 to 80.2) years were followed for a mean of 12.6 (range, 6 to 26) months. Six patients presented with failed prosthetic joint replacements and four with failed Keller arthroplasty. Results: Full clinico-radiological union was achieved in nine of the ten patients as judged by an independent consultant musculo-skeletal radiologist. Four patients needed removal of implants, one for infection, two for prominent hardware and one for implant failure. Eight of the ten patients were satisfied with the relief of pain. Conclusion: Failed arthroplasty or Keller procedure is a difficult problem to manage. We recommend complex primary arthrodesis with an interpositional iliac crest autograft and a low profile plate as a salvage procedure. Level of Evidence: IV, Retrospective Case Series