bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL DIMENSIONS OF SENSORY EVALUATION AND ITS POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS TO THE VARIOUS DISCIPLINES OF HOME ECONOMICS IN THE PHILIPPINES
Authors: VILLARINO BLANCA J. 
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACT Sensory evaluation is a scientific method that deals with precision, accuracy and sensitivity. Its basic principles are in large part anchored on the natural sciences, such as biology, chemistry, mathematics and physics. However, sensory evaluation goes beyond such platforms and has its own social, economic and cultural facets. Sensory evaluation has been extensively used in the study of consumer items such as food and clothing, and lately on behavioral and physiological reactions. It has been an integral part of the food science curriculum in various universities. However, the other disciplines of home economics, such as clothing technology, family life and child development, home economics education, hotel, restaurant and institution management, interior design and community nutrition, which deal with the needs of families and consumers, have not fully maximized the use of sensory evaluation. The multidisciplinary nature of home economics will push sensory evaluation to a more diverse level of relevance and purpose. This paper presented the social, economic and cultural dimensions of sensory evaluation along with its possible applications in the various disciplines of home economics in the Philippines. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe paper provided a wholistic view of sensory evaluation not merely as a scientific method but its important social, cultural and economic dimensions. This document can serve as a guide for students, teachers and professionals in the conduct of sensory assessments. Likewise, this will help home economists not only in the Philippines but also in other countries to maximize the use of sensory evaluation in improving the quality of life of families and consumers. Moreover, this can drive multidisciplinary undertakings utilizing sensory evaluation as the key concept and thus enrich the pool of knowledge both in the natural and social sciences and their interaction.
Tricuspid Regurgitation Contributes to Renal Dysfunction in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Harris Scott , Tepper David , Ip Randy 
Published: July 2009

Abstract. Background.  In heart failure (HF), renal dysfunction is associated with an adverse prognosis. Impaired renal perfusion from left ventricular dysfunction is thought to be a principal underlying mechanism. Less is known about the influence of venous congestion, including the potential contribution of tricuspid regurgitation (TR).Methods and Results. Echocardiograms and a simultaneous (±1 day) blood sample from 196 HF patients were analyzed. Patients with at least moderate TR (n=78) had larger right‐sided cardiac cavities, higher right ventricular systolic pressure, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), higher serum urea nitrogen (SUN) level, and SUN/creatinine ratio than patients with less than moderate TR (n=118). In multivariate linear regression analysis, TR severity (P=.003), older age (P<.001), and loop diuretic use (P=.008) were independently associated with lower eGFR, and use of inhibitors of the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system was associated with higher eGFR (P=.001). TR severity (P<.001) and older age (P<.001) were independently associated with higher SUN value. TR severity (P=.004) and smaller left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter (P=.048) were independent predictors of a higher SUN/creatinine ratio (P=.004).Conclusions. Although a causal relationship cannot be proven, we suggest that significant TR contributes to renal dysfunction in HF patients, probably by elevation of central and renal venous pressure.—Maeder MT, Holst DP, Kaye DM. Tricuspid regurgitation contributes to renal dysfunction in patients with heart failure. J Card Fail. 2008;14:824–830.
Implicit Motives as a Way to Understand Cognitive Processes
Authors: Woike Barbara A. , Bender Michael 
Published: July 2009

AbstractInterest in implicit processes is at an all‐time high in psychology. Research on individual differences in implicit motivation has been conducted for decades and offers an important conceptual and empirical foundation for the growing interest in cognitive processes outside awareness. In this article, we review the past findings on the influence of implicit motivation on both basic and complex cognitive processes in the stages of attention and encoding as well as rehearsal, organization, and retrieval. Data from narrative essays as well as experimentally controlled studies demonstrate that individual differences in implicit motives have an influence on each step of learning and memory processes. Implicit motives influence the cognitive processing of motive‐related information to facilitate desired affective end states.
A Voice and So Much More: The Neglect and Representation of Language in Social Psychology
Authors: Painter Desmond 
Published: July 2009

AbstractLinguistic diversity is an irreducible characteristic of the world we live in today, yet the study of language remains relatively neglected in mainstream and critical social psychologies alike. In order to argue for a renewed confrontation between language and critical social psychology, this study presents an overview of both the absence of language from mainstream, experimental social psychology and of the emergence, since the 1970s, of the social psychology of language as a distinctive subfield in the discipline. It is argued that although the social psychology of language made the subject perceptible as a speaking and above all accented subject, foregrounding language as an index of class, ethnicity and race, it achieved this perceptibility without challenging the basic ideological coordinates according to which experimental social psychology conceptualises the world and subjects in relation to language. For this reason, the social psychology of language, despite its important contributions, reproduces an essentially national and monolingual imagination of language related phenomena and linguistic subjectivities. The task for a critical social psychology of language, it is argued, is to ‘demythologise’ and ‘disinvent’ language and language ideologies in the discipline.
Empirical Research into White Racialized Identities in Britain
Authors: Garner Steve 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe intellectual project of using whiteness as an explicit tool of analysis is not one that has taken root in Britain. However, there are a number of empirical studies that investigate the racialization of white identities. In this article, I look at some empirical sociological fieldwork carried out on white identities in Britain since the early 1990s and identify the key themes arising. These themes are (in)visibility, norms and values, cultural capital and integration, contingent hierarchies and Empire in the present. In Britain, a pertinent distinction is between rural and urban settings for the enactment of white identities vis‐à‐vis those of minorities, and there is an exploration of some of the contingency that draws the boundary between ‘white’ and ‘Other’ in different places. Areas of commonality and distinctiveness are noted in terms of the American work. In the last section, I argue that there are a number of issues to resolve around continuing such studies, including linking the micro‐level to the macro‐level analysis, and expanding to international comparative work.
Satire and Domesticity in Late Eighteenth‐Century Women's Poetry: Minding the Gap
Authors: JOHNS‐PUTRA ADELINE 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis article examines the work of four women poets in the 1780s and 1790s – in particular, the way they juxtapose the apparent triviality of the domestic with the more elevated concerns expected of the poetic or literary. In this analysis, this juxtaposition is aligned with the gap between low and high that characterises burlesque, a gap that is exploited to comic and even satirical ends in these poems. This poetic critique of domesticity is set against a backdrop of recent criticism that reads the late eighteenth century as a time when the domestic ideology of separate spheres hardened.
Circle of Willis artery diameters on MR angiography: An Australian reference database
Authors: El‐Barhoun EN , Gledhill SR , Pitman AG 
Published: July 2009

SummaryThe aim was to establish a reference range of measurements for all major Circle of Willis (COW) arteries for an Australian population of patients presenting for brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) that is typical of a tertiary referral hospital; and to report the prevalence and disease associations of COW variants in our patient population. All technically diagnostic MRI and MRA studies performed at our magnetic resonance (MR) centre in the calendar year 2006 were re‐read by one reader who classified the COW anatomical layout and measured diameters of all the major vessels at defined locations. A subset of 30 was independently re‐read by another reader and the interobserver measurement variability analyzed. Graphical analysis, with 95% confidence intervals (95CI), summary statistics reporting, t‐testing for unpaired and for paired means, Hauck‐Anderson (H‐A) clinical equivalence testing and logistic regression analysis for categorical variables was performed as relevant. One hundred and seventy‐one studies (of 187 eligible) formed the analysis population. All of our patients had vessels of comparable calibre regardless of MRI disease status, gender or COW variant (P > 0.05). Basilar artery (BA) diameter showed significant association with age, but other vessel diameters did not. The reference range is widely applicable, methodology straightforward and appears tolerant of interobserver variability. A number of discontinuous COW variants become more prevalent with age, perhaps from atherosclerotic occlusive disease. There was no association between COW variants, gender, aneurysm location or MRI disease status.
Whole‐body magnetic resonance imaging in the detection of skeletal metastases in patients with prostate cancer
Authors: Venkitaraman R , Cook GJR , Dearnaley DP , Parker CC , Khoo V , Eeles R , Huddart RA , Horwich A , Sohaib SA 
Published: July 2009

SummaryWhole‐body MRI is an effective method for evaluating the entire skeletal system in patients with metastatic disease. This study aimed to compare whole‐body MRI and radionuclide bone scintigraph in the detection of skeletal metastases in patients with prostate cancer. Patients with prostate cancer at high risk of skeletal metastasis with (i) prostate‐specific antigen of ≥50 ng/mL; (ii) composite Gleason score of ≥8 with prostate‐specific antigen of >20 ng/mL; or (iii) node‐positive disease were enrolled in this prospective study before systemic treatment was initiated. Whole‐body MR images and bone scans of 39 patients were analysed. Seven patients had bone metastases on bone scans, while seven patients had skeletal metastases by whole‐body MRI, with concordant findings only in four patients. Compared with the ‘gold standard’, derived from clinical and radiological follow‐up, the sensitivity for both bone scans and MRI was 70%, and the specificity for both was 100%. Magnetic resonance imaging detected 26 individual lesions compared with 18 lesions on bone scans. Only eight lesions were positive on both. Bone scans detected more rib metastases, while MRI identified more metastatic lesions in the spine. Whole‐body MRI and radionuclide bone scintigraphy have similar specificity and sensitivity and may be used as complementary investigations to detect skeletal metastases from prostate cancer.
Onyx embolisation of cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula via direct percutaneous transorbital puncture
Authors: Ong CK , Wang LL , Parkinson RJ , Wenderoth JD 
Published: July 2009

SummaryThe cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas of three patients were successfully embolised by using Onyx (Onyx Liquid Embolic System, MTI, Irvine, CA, USA) as the sole embolic agent, through direct percutaneous transorbital punctures of the cavernous sinuses. Our early experience suggests that this direct approach, coupled with the unique physical properties of Onyx, is a safe and effective alternative to treat cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas when the conventional transvenous routes are inaccessible.
Risk of retinal neovascularization in the second eye in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Vésteinsdóttir Edda , Björnsdóttir Sigrídur , Hreidarsson Ástrádur B. , Stefánsson Einar 
Published: July 2009

Abstract.Purpose:  This study aimed to evaluate the risk of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (DR) in the fellow eye of an eye with existing proliferative DR.Methods:  Our DR screening programme database listed 1513 diabetes patients alive at the time of the study. Seventy‐six had proliferative DR in one or both eyes.Results:  In 28 of the 76 (37%) diabetes patients, proliferative DR was diagnosed in both eyes at the same examination. Another 28 patients developed proliferative DR in the second eye within 5 years of its diagnosis in the first eye, bringing the total number of diabetes patients with proliferative DR in both eyes at 5 years to 56 (74%). Almost all the diabetes patients eventually developed proliferative DR in the second eye. The median duration of diabetes before the development of proliferative retinopathy was 19 years for type 1 and 14 years for type 2 diabetes.Conclusions:  Proliferative DR is a bilateral disease. Diabetes patients with proliferative DR in one eye are at high risk of developing neovascularization in the second eye and close follow‐up is recommended.
Interactions between vitreous‐derived cells and vascular endothelial cells in vitreoretinal diseases
Authors: Tojo Naoki , Kashiwagi Yoshiko , Nishitsuka Koichi , Yamamoto Shuichi , Asao Hironobu , Sugawara Naoto , Yamashita Tetsuji , Yamamoto Teiko , Yamashita Hidetoshi 
Published: July 2009

Abstract.Purpose:  This study aimed to investigate the roles played by vitreous‐derived cells in the pathogenesis of vitreoretinal vascular diseases.Methods:  The vitreous was removed from porcine eyes and small pieces were cultured from which vitreous‐derived cells were isolated. Polymerase chain reaction and ELISA were performed to determine the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin 6 (IL‐6) at the mRNA and protein levels, respectively. The viability of human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) exposed to vitreous‐derived cells was assessed by MTT assay.Results:  Expression of the mRNA and protein of VEGF and IL‐6 was increased by exposing the porcine vitreous‐derived cells (PVDCs) to interleukin‐1α (IL‐1α), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), but not to VEGF or IL‐6. The percentage of living human vascular endothelial cells was increased by including VEGF and IL‐6 in the culture media. The viability of HRECs was affected by co‐culturing them with PVDCs that had been exposed to IL‐1α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNFα and VEGF.Conclusions:  Porcine vitreous‐derived cells are stimulated by IL‐1α, IL‐1β and TNFα, and produce VEGF and IL‐6, which then enhance the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells. This network, including the cytokines and different types of cells, may contribute to the pathogenesis of proliferative vitreoretinal diseases.
Organ culture, but not hypothermic storage, facilitates the repair of the corneal endothelium following mechanical damage
Authors: Nejepinska Jana , Juklova Kristyna , Jirsova Katerina 
Published: July 2009

Abstract.Purpose:  To evaluate the reparative capacity of the mechanically injured endothelium of corneas stored under organ culture (OC) or hypothermic conditions.Methods:  The central endothelium of 12 pairs of human corneas with similar endothelial parameters was damaged to create a 1 mm2 lesion. One cornea from each pair was stored under OC and one under hypothermic conditions. The endothelial cell density (ECD), coefficient of variation, hexagonality and percentage of dead cells were assessed before and after damage and on days 7, 14, 21 and 28 of storage.Results:  The mean ECD of corneas subsequently stored under OC or hypothermic conditions was 2764/mm2. Immediately after damage, a denuded Descemet’s membrane with a few remaining dead cells was observed at the injured area. After 7 days of storage under OC conditions, almost no dead cells were observed at the place of injury. A non‐significant worsening of the qualitative parameters (polymegatism and pleomorphism) was found. After 14 days, ECD was 1933/mm2 and 2478/mm2 centrally and pericentrally, respectively. Similar values were found after 21 and 28 days of storage. The lesions with remnant dead cells persisted throughout hypothermic preservation. From day 14 the corneas became cloudy and in poor condition, while the pericentral ECD was 2523/mm2.Conclusion:  The reparative capacity of the cornea is maintained under OC but not under hypothermic conditions. For corneas containing dead endothelial cells, OC is therefore the method of choice because it may improve the quality of the stored tissue.
Retinal pigment epithelium tears after intravitreal injection of ranibizumab for predominantly classic neovascular membranes secondary to age‐related macular degeneration
Authors: Konstantinidis Lazaros , Ambresin Aude , Zografos Leonidas , Mantel Irmela 
Published: July 2009

Acta Ophthalmol. 2010: 88: 736–741Abstract.Purpose:  Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) tear is an extremely rare complication in patients with classic neovascular membranes without RPE detachment. We evaluate their incidence and functional outcome following treatment with intravitreal ranibizumab.Methods:  Observational study of 72 consecutive patients (74 eyes) treated at Jules Gonin University Eye Hospital, Lausanne, with intravitreal ranibizumab 0.5 mg for classic choroidal neovascularization (CNV) between March 2006 and February 2008. Best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA), fundus examination and optical coherence tomography were recorded monthly; fluorescein angiography was performed at baseline and repeated at least every 3 months.Results:  RPE tears occurred in four (5.4%) eyes temporal to the fovea, after a mean of four injections (range 3–6). Mean baseline BCVA was 0.25 decimal equivalent (logMAR 0.67) and improved despite the RPE tear to 0.6 decimal equivalent (logMAR 0.22).Conclusion:  RPE tears following intravitreal ranibizumab injections for classic CNV can occur in about 5% of patients, even in the absence of baseline RPE detachment. Nevertheless, vision may improve provided the fovea is not involved.
Adenosine receptor protein changes in guinea pigs with form deprivation myopia
Authors: Cui Dongmei , Trier Klaus , Zeng Junwen , Wu Kaili , Yu Minbin , Ge Jian 
Published: July 2009

Acta Ophthalmol. 2010: 88: 759–765Abstract.Purpose:  Recent results have shown that treatment with the non‐selective adenosine antagonist 7‐methylxanthine (7‐MX) reduces the development of form deprivation myopia (FDM) in guinea pigs. The aims of this study were to identify the presence of adenosine receptors (AdoRs) in the eye wall of the guinea pig and to determine their possible changes during form deprivation.Methods:  Three‐week‐old guinea pigs were monocularly treated with a translucent lens to induce FDM. After 21 days, samples were taken from the posterior eye wall and examined with immunofluorescence confocal microscopy for the presence of AdoRA1, AdoRA2A, AdoRA2B and AdoRA3 proteins. Western blot analysis was used to quantitate AdoRs in samples from the retina, choroids and sclera.Results:  All four subtypes of AdoR were expressed in the posterior wall of the guinea pig eye, although AdoRA3 only weakly. Twenty‐one days after the induction of myopia, we observed a significant decrease in protein expression for AdoRA1 (− 25.5%) and an increase in protein expression for AdoRA2B (+ 66.7%) in the retina of FDM eyes.Conclusions:  AdoRs of all subtypes are expressed in the retina, choroids and sclera in guinea pigs and may play a role in the regulation of eye growth. The changed pattern of AdoR expression during form deprivation confirms that pharmaceutical intervention targeting AdoRs may reduce myopia progression.
Aftercare, the Neglected Phase of Adolescent Treatment
Authors: Daum James M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAlthough the modern placement facility can usually minimize problem behavior during the time that a juvenile offender is in residence, the lack of professional help afforded an adolescent upon returning home often leaves him all too prone to revert to his former behavior patterns. As a counteractive measure, it is suggested that the present approach of relying too heavily on placement to effect behavioral change be abandoned in favor of programs which view placement as only the initial phase of a more inclusive treatment approach which actively involves family members and the home environment as part of the therapeutic process. In effect, this would mean altering the present concept of aftercare, in that re‐integration into home and family would be a gradual process which actually begins during the early weeks of placement. It is recommended that a home should be viewed as the main living environment in which new behaviors can be practiced, and that the present attitude that home visits are a privilege be abandoned. It is proposed that this approach, which would include counseling sessions within the home environment and first‐hand observations by the staff of problems as they develop within the family or community, would not only be very practical but also quite effective in helping the adolescent and in combating recidivism.
A Study of the Impact of Diversion and Community‐Based Treatment on the Bucks County Juvenile Justice System, 1974–1979
Authors: Dawson Roger E. 
Published: July 2009

SummaryThis study examines the changes in three variables associated with the processing of delinquent youth by the Juvenile Court from 1974 through 1979.The data on numbers of youth referred to court, on adjudicatory probation and committed to public and private institutions is examined for a three‐year period prior to significant court diversion and community‐based treatment (1974–1976), and compared with a three‐year period during which many diversionary services and treatments occurred (1977–1979). Data is also studied from two counties similar to Bucks in youth population‐Delaware and Montgomery counties.The results show significant changes within Bucks County: a 9 percent decrease in total court referrals while Delaware experienced a 63 percent increase and Montgomery a 28 percent increase; significant reduction of probation in Bucks, a slight reduction in Montgomery and a 28 percent increase in Delaware County; and most importantly in terms of service costs, institutional commitments increased only 17 percent in Bucks, while increasing 63 percent in Montgomery and 208 percent in Delaware.Data on total reported offenses (crime rates) does not indicate major differences among the three counties; rather there seems to be variation in the types of services and processing of troubled youth which have resulted in 45 percent lower costs for the juvenile probation services in Bucks County.
Juvenile Court Conference Committees, El Paso County, Texas
Authors: Chapman JoAnn Hoover 
Published: July 2009

Ideally our task should be in organizing the neighborhood — the grass roots level — so that there is an identifiable group of responsive and responsible people whose aim is not living for themselves but for others. We will in time discover that that is the only path to self fulfillment.Foreword by William O. Douglas, Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court: Children Without Justice, a Report by the National Council of Jewish Women by Edward Wakin.