bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intra‐guild predation and variation in egg defence between sympatric and allopatric populations of two species of ladybird beetles
Authors: RIEDER JULIE P. , NEWBOLD T. A. SCOTT , SATO SATORU , YASUDA HIRONORI , EVANS EDWARD W. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract 1. Ladybird eggs are defended chemically against intra‐guild predation, and are unsuitable to varying degrees as food for other ladybirds.2. Ladybird eggs [Coccinella septempunctata (Cs) and Harmonia axyridis (Ha); Coleoptera: Coccinellidae] from local Japanese versus North American populations were compared as food for two ladybirds (Cs and Ha) co‐occurring in Japan.3. Larvae of Cs exhibited high mortality, slow development, and reduced egg consumption and weight gain when they fed on Ha versus conspecific eggs, especially when Ha eggs were from the local (Japanese) population versus a distant (North American) population of Ha.4. Larvae of Ha survived equally well on a diet of Cs or conspecific eggs, but developed more slowly and gained less weight on Cs eggs. Ha larvae were more reluctant to eat eggs from the local (Japanese) population of Cs than eggs from the distant (North American) population of Cs; however, other measures of performance did not differ significantly.5. These results indicate greater egg chemical defence of Ha eggs against Cs larvae than vice versa, as expected from field observations of greater temporal overlap between Cs larvae and Ha eggs than between Ha larvae and Cs eggs. Furthermore, results also indicate that local populations of eggs are better defended than eggs from elsewhere against locally occurring intra‐guild predators. Thus, it appears that the effectiveness of chemical defence of ladybird eggs reflects the degree to which specific pairings of ladybirds have the potential to interact in nature through egg predation.
Role of floral repellents in the regulation of flower visits of extrafloral nectary‐visiting ants in an Indian crop plant
Authors: AGARWAL VIVEK MOHAN , RASTOGI NEELKAMAL 
Published: September 2010

Abstract 1. Field investigation of the association between sponge gourd, Luffa cylindrica plants and its ant visitors revealed that five of the six most frequent species: Camponotus compressus, C. paria, Pheidole sp., Pachycondyla tesserinoda and Tetramorium sp. mainly visited the extrafloral (EF) nectaries present on the leaves, bracts, bracteoles and calyx of the plant. Tapinoma melanocephalum was the only ant species observed at the floral as well as the EF nectaries.2. A bioassay of ant behaviour revealed aversion to young and mature unisexual flowers of sponge gourd in the five predominantly EF nectary‐visiting ant species, while floral preference was demonstrated in T. melanocephalum. A significant difference was not found in the number of insect pollinators visiting T. melanocephalum occupied and un‐occupied flowers, suggesting the absence of deterrent effect of this tiny ant species on the pollinators.3. Further behavioural assays showed preference for 2‐ and 4‐day‐old leaves and also 2‐day‐old buds, while the 4‐day‐old buds induced avoidance in all the species. Androecium and gynoecium had significantly higher repellent effects in comparison to the petals. Thus floral repellents, probably help to reduce nectar theft and prevent loss of pollen function.4. This aversion was not demonstrated in the case of old flowers. A significantly greater number of insect pollinators visited young and mature flowers compared with old flowers, suggesting that selective exclusion of medium‐ and large‐sized EF nectary‐visiting ant species from the flowers, as a result of aversion to floral repellents, serves to avoid the threat of attack to insect pollinators of sponge gourd.
Resource characteristics and competition affect colony and individual foraging strategies of the wood ant Formica integroides
Authors: TANNER COLBY J. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract 1. Resource characteristics and competitive pressure can affect an ant colony’s foraging strategy. This study examined the ability of the wood ant Formica integroides to respond, at both the colony and individual levels, to changes in competitive pressure for access to terrestrial and arboreal resources.2. Because foraging behaviours depend on resource characteristics, foraging for different resource types (e.g. terrestrial and arboreal habitats) produces different spatial or territorial arrangements. In this study, terrestrial contests for resources followed an interference‐exploitation tradeoff, while arboreal foragers defended entire trees as absolute territories.3. Competitive pressure for access to arboreal resources was shown to increase with distance from F. integroides nests.4. In this study, the ability of F. integroides to defend a resource varied with body size. Large foragers were better defenders than small foragers. For groups of foragers, the ability to defend a resource increased with the ratio of large to small foragers.5. In response to competitive pressure, F. integroides colonies altered the size distribution of arboreal, but not terrestrial, foragers. An increase in competitive pressure was matched by an increase in the number of large foragers allocated to trees. This response to competition affected the relationship between body size and distance from the nest for arboreal foragers.6. Foraging behaviours for individual arboreal foragers also varied with competitive pressure. As competition increased, large arboreal foragers spent more time in direct contact with the resource rather than standing between resource patches.
Floral visitation patterns of two invasive ant species and their effects on other hymenopteran visitors
Authors: LACH LORI 
Published: September 2010

Abstract 1. Floral nectar of the native Hawaiian ‘ōhi’a tree, Metrosideros polymorpha, is an important food source for several native honeycreepers and yellow‐faced bees, Hylaeus spp., but is also attractive to invasive ants.2. I undertook this study to compare floral visitation patterns of two widespread invasive ants, the Argentine ant, Linepithema humile, and the big‐headed ant, Pheidole megacephala, and to determine their effects on nectar volume and floral hymenopteran visitors.3. In the first year of the study, Argentine ants visited inflorescences more frequently than big‐headed ants at mid‐day and in the afternoon, but did not occur in higher densities than big‐headed ants at any time of day. In the following year, Argentine ants visited inflorescences both more frequently and in higher densities than big‐headed ants. Argentine ant density had a stronger association with nectar concentration than big‐headed ant density.4. Nectar volume did not differ between ant‐excluded and ant‐visited inflorescences for either ant species. However, ant density was negatively associated with nectar volume for both species.5. Hylaeus spp. never visited inflorescences with big‐headed ants, while non‐native honeybees visited inflorescences with and without ants of either species in equal frequency.6. Most studies of the effects of invasive ants on native arthropods have focused on interactions on the ground. Flowers should not be overlooked as microhabitats from which native arthropods may be displaced by invasive ants.
α‐Glucosidase inhibitors in diabetes: lessons from animal studies
Authors: PETERSON R. G. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTwo rat models for non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) have been used in our laboratory to study the effects of α‐glucosidase inhibitors. These models become hyperglycaemic and have other characteristics which make them good models for NIDDM, and both prevention and reversal studies have been carried out; the prevention experiments were started before the animal became diabetic while the reversal groups were treated after diabetes had fully developed. In both models blood glucose was significantly lowered toward control levels using a dose of 40 mg per 100 g of diet while there was a less dramatic, but still significant, correction with half that dose. Treatment increased the weight gain of the more diabetic model (ZDF) while there was no effect of treatment on the weight of the Wistar diabetic fatty (WDF) rat. Other parameters such as glycated haemoglobins, nerve conduction velocity and nerve sugar content are also reversed with effective treatment of the hyperglycaemic condition.
Food patterns and socioeconomic indicators of food consumption amongst Inuvialuit in the Canadian Arctic
Authors: Erber E. , Beck L. , Hopping B. N. , Sheehy T. , De Roose E. , Sharma S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground:  Inuvialuit in the Canadian Arctic have been experiencing a nutrition transition resulting in a decrease in nutrient‐dense food consumption, which may, in part, explain this population’s increasing chronic disease rates. Because the available literature is limited, the present study aimed to document the extent of this transition by examining current dietary patterns and socioeconomic factors affecting food group consumption.Methods:  This cross‐sectional study was conducted in three Inuvialuit communities in the Northwest Territories between 2007 and 2008. A validated food frequency questionnaire determined intake frequency of fruit and vegetables (FV), traditional foods (TF) and non‐nutrient‐dense foods (NNDF). Socioeconomic status (SES) was assessed by questions on education, ownership of items in working condition used to create a Material Style of Life (MSL) scale and residents in household employed/on income support. Daily intake frequencies were compared by gender and age group using Wilcoxon rank sum test. SES association with food group intake was determined using logistic regression.Results:  The response rate was 65–85%. One hundred and seventy‐five participants were female and 55 were male, aged 19–84 years [mean (SD) 44 (14)]. Mean frequencies of FV and TF consumption were 1.6 (1.5) and 1.6 (1.7) times per day, respectively. NNDF were reported 9.2 (3.0) times per day. The highest MSL score (>12) was significantly associated with higher fruit (≥0.7 times per day) and higher TF intake (≥1.1 times per day) compared with the lowest score (≤7). An intermediate MSL score (8–12) was related to higher vegetable consumption (≥0.4 times per day).Conclusions:  NNDF were consumed approximately seven times more frequently than TF in the present study, indicating that the dietary transition is well underway amongst Inuvialuit. Participants with higher SES were more likely to consume nutrient‐dense foods, suggesting possible cost barriers.
Awareness of chronic disease diagnosis amongst family members is associated with healthy dietary knowledge but not behaviour amongst Inuit in Arctic Canada
Authors: Pakseresht M. , Mead E. , Gittelsohn J. , Roache C. , Sharma S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground:  The extent to which awareness of chronic disease (CD) diagnosis affects one’s healthy food knowledge, self‐efficacy and intentions or healthy dietary and physical activity (PA) behaviours remains unexplored among Inuit in Canada.Methods:  A food frequency questionnaire and an adult impact questionnaire were used in a cross‐sectional study to collect self‐reported data on daily energy and nutrient intake, PA and the diagnosis of hypertension, diabetes, heart disease and cancer amongst adult Inuit and their family members. Associations between awareness of personal and family CD status and healthy food knowledge, self‐efficacy and intentions, percentage of energy consumed from non‐nutrient‐dense foods and PA were assessed via ordinal logistic regression.Results:  Of the 266 participants, those who self‐reported CD for both themselves and their relative(s) were more likely to have high healthy food knowledge [odds ratio (OR) = 2.45] than those who did not. Reporting hypertension and heart disease amongst only relatives increased the likelihood of high knowledge (OR = 5.20) and intentions (OR = 5.10) for healthy eating. Heart disease in both participants and their relatives was associated with high levels of PA (OR = 12.24). However, there were no associations when only participants (but not their relatives) reported having CD. A joint effect between a high level of education and awareness of CD was positively related to high food knowledge (OR = 38.93). An inverse association between awareness of CD and unhealthy eating was not observed.Conclusions:  Awareness of a relative having a CD was a more important factor in increasing knowledge and, to a lesser degree, self‐efficacy or intentions to eat healthy than participants’ awareness of personal CD. However, awareness was not associated with lower non‐nutrient‐dense food intake.
Validation of a quantitative food frequency questionnaire for Inuit population in Nunavut, Canada
Authors: Pakseresht M. , Sharma S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground:  Validation of a quantitative food frequency questionnaire (QFFQ) developed specifically for Inuit is necessary to determine its usefulness in assessing dietary intake and adequacy and in identifying dietary risk factors for chronic disease in this population.Methods:  Seventy‐five randomly selected Inuit adults in Nunavut, Canada, were recruited. Mean daily intake of nutrients from one to three 24‐h recalls was used as the reference to measure QFFQ validity. Crude and energy‐adjusted Spearman rank correlations (ρ), cross classification and weighted kappa were computed as measures of concordance. Bland–Altman plotting was used for additional assessment.Results:  Excluding four participants with daily energy intake of >25.1 MJ, 71 participants were included in the analysis. For all nutrients, mean daily intake from the QFFQ was higher than the recall. ρ’s for macronutrients were in the range 0.71 for carbohydrate to 0.25 for protein. The best ρ amongst micronutrients was observed for vitamin C (0.66). Overall correlation between the two dietary tools improved after correction for within‐person variance (from 0.46 to 0.49), although adjusting for energy did not improve the overall coefficient. When nutrient intakes were categorised into quartiles, the QFFQ and 24‐h recalls indicated relative agreement proportion (same or adjacent quartiles) of 83% for energy, 94% for total sugar, 83% for macronutrients and 77% for micronutrients. Bland–Altman plots showed a tendency for increased scatter of the differences in nutrients at higher intakes.Conclusions:  The QFFQ developed is valid and can be used to assess usual dietary intake and dietary adequacy, determine the contribution of foods to specific nutrient intakes, and identify dietary risk factors for chronic disease amongst this population.
Pushing north one bottleneck at a time: site frequency spectra tell the history of Sitka spruce
Authors: GERALDES ARMANDO , KANE NOLAN C. 
Published: September 2010

Reconstructing the history of populations is a longstanding goal of molecular ecologists. In addition to a better understanding of the past, it is hoped that this knowledge would also facilitate predictions regarding species’ responses to future events such as climate change. The traditional way of doing this is through the fossil record, but these historical records are often incomplete. Inferring historical demography from patterns of nucleotide variability can help to fill these gaps. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Holliday et al. (2010) glimpse into the demographic past of Sitka spruce, Picea sitchensis, an economically and ecologically important species native to northwestern United States and Canada, by examining the site frequency spectrum (SFS) of 153 loci in six populations covering the species entire range.
Case of Paracoccus yeei infection documented in a transplanted heart
Authors: Schweiger M. , Stiegler P. , Scarpatetti M. , Wasler A. , Sereinigg M. , Prenner G. , Tscheliessnigg K. 
Published: September 2010

M. Schweiger, P. Stiegler, M. Scarpatetti, A. Wasler, M. Sereinigg, G. Prenner, K. Tscheliessnigg. Case of Paracoccus yeei infection documented in a transplanted heart. Transpl Infect Dis 2011: 13: 200–203. All rights reservedAbstract: After a successful cardiac transplantation, routine endomyocardial biopsies showed severe infiltrates comparable with myocarditis. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of native myocardial samples revealed infection with Paracoccus yeei, and the clinical condition of the patient deteriorated. After administration of ciprofloxacin, his clinical condition improved, and further biopsies showed no infiltrates in the cardiac specimens. To our knowledge this is the first documented case of P. yeei infection in a heart transplant patient.
Effect of an intravenous infusion of lidocaine on cisatracurium‐induced neuromuscular block duration: a randomized‐controlled trial
Authors: HANS G. A. , DEFRESNE A. , KI B. , BONHOMME V. , KABA A. , LEGRAIN C. , BRICHANT J. F , HANS P. C. 
Published: September 2010

Background: Intravenous lidocaine can be used intraoperatively for its analgesic and antihyperalgesic properties but local anaesthetics may also prolong the duration of action of neuromuscular blocking agents. We hypothesized that intravenous lidocaine would prolong the time to recovery of neuromuscular function after cisatracurium.Methods: Forty‐two patients were enrolled in this randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study. Before induction, patients were administered either a 1.5 mg/kg bolus of intravenous lidocaine followed by a 2 mg/kg/h infusion or an equal volume of saline. Anaesthesia was induced and maintained using propofol and remifentanil infusions. After loss of consciousness, a 0.15 mg/kg bolus of cisatracurium was administered. No additional cisatracurium injection was allowed. Neuromuscular function was assessed every 20 s using kinemyography. The primary endpoint was the time to spontaneous recovery of a train‐of‐four (TOF) ratio ≥0.9.Results: The time to spontaneous recovery of a TOF ratio ≥0.9 was 94 ± 15 min in the control group and 98 ± 16 min in the lidocaine group (P=0.27).Conclusions: No significant prolongation of spontaneous recovery of a TOF ratio ≥0.9 after cisatracurium was found in patients receiving intravenous lidocaine.
A novel mechanism of abscission in fronds of Lemna minor L. and the effect of silver ions
Authors: Topp C. , Henke R. , Keresztes Á. , Fischer W. , Eberius M. , Appenroth K.‐J. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract Lemna minor L. (duckweed) forms colonies through vegetative propagation because mother fronds remain connected for some time with their daughter fronds by stipes. The colony size is controlled by abscission of stipes at a specific preformed abscission zone. Application of silver ions (Ag+) enhances the rate of frond abscission, thus resulting in smaller colonies. The mechanism behind this process has not yet been identified. Silver caused an abscission response that saturated after 7 h of treatment. The half‐maximal effective concentration was 0.72 μm Ag+ for the standard clone, L. minor St. Other clones of the same species show sensitivities that differ by one order of magnitude. Transmission electron microscopy revealed: (i) large numbers of vesicles close to the plasmalemma in cells adjacent to the abscission zone, which proves a vesicular type secretory activity; and (ii) a moderately electron‐dense secretion accumulated in the enlarging intercellular spaces, and seemed to flow from the adjacent cells towards the abscission zone. We assume that increasing pressure causes this material to push apart the cells, thereby causing the break in the abscission zone of the stipe. This is a novel mechanism of abscission that has not previously been described. The same mechanism occurs in stipes of both control and Ag+‐treated samples. Silver ions only accelerate the process leading to abscission of stipes, without affecting the mechanism involved.
Estimates of genetic parameters for conformation measures and scores in Finnhorse and Standardbred foals
Authors: Schroderus E. , Ojala M. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryThe aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for conformation measures and scores in the Finnhorse and the Standardbred foals presented in foal shows. Studied traits included height at withers and at croup, six subjectively evaluated conformation traits and overall grade. Data were from 10‐year period (1995–2004) and consisted of 5821 Finnhorse foals (1–3 years old) with 7644 records and 2570 Standardbred foals (1–2 years old) with 2864 records. Variance components were estimated with REML – animal model using VCE4 program. The model included age class, year of judging, sex and region as fixed effects, and additive genetic, permanent environmental and residual as random effects. Estimates of heritability for measured traits were very high in both breeds (0.88–0.90). Estimates of heritability for conformation traits varied from 0.13 to 0.32 in the Finnhorse and from 0.06 to 0.47 in the Standardbred. In both breeds, estimates of heritability were lowest for hooves and movements at walk, and highest for type and body conformation among scored traits. Estimate of heritability for overall grade was in the Finnhorse 0.32 and in the Standardbred 0.34. Genetic correlations between overall grade and different conformation traits were 0.35–0.84 in the Finnhorse and 0.31–0.88 in the Standardbred. Thus, selection based on the overall grade would improve all studied characteristics.
An index to assess the risk to stony corals from bottom trawling on seamounts
Authors: Clark Malcolm R. , Tittensor Derek P. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractStony (scleractinian) corals are common on seamounts and can form extensive reef‐like structures which in turn provide important habitat for associated species. Aggregations of fish also occur on seamounts, which in recent decades have become the target of commercial bottom trawl fisheries that have damaging impacts on benthic communities. Such fisheries occur throughout the world’s oceans, and the majority are located on seamounts about which little is known of their biodiversity or likely fisheries impact. Here we develop an index of risk for stony corals on seamount summits. The index combines a metric of vulnerability measured by the coincidence of seamount summits, target fish ranges and likelihood of coral presence with an assessment of likely fisheries impact derived from a fishing intensity effects study and fishing effort‐catch data. We provide spatial maps depicting the locations of vulnerable seamount features, and those at particular risk to bottom trawling. Application of the risk index may help to provide guidance to fisheries or environmental managers faced with balancing fisheries management and habitat conservation.