bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of chemical geothermometry to low-temperature trioctahedral chlorites
Authors: Inoue Atsuyuki , Meunier Alain , Patrier-Mas Patricia , Rigault Cecile , Beaufort Daniel , Vieillard Philippe 
Published: August 2009

AbstractLow-temperature chlorites formed in diagenetic to low-grade metamorphic environments generally have greater Si contents and larger numbers of octahedral vacancies, and smaller Fe+Mg contents than higher-grade metamorphic chlorites. The compositional variations are characterized approximately by four end-member components: Al-free trioctahedral chlorite, chamosite, corundophilite, and sudoite. The solid solution is considered to be a random mix of cations and vacancies in the octahedral sites. Using the compositions of chlorites from Niger, Rouez, and Saint Martin diagenetic-hydrothermal series, a new, more convenient geothermometer, applicable to low-T chlorites is proposed and comparison made with geothermometers proposed previously. The chlorites studied contain appreciable amounts of Fe(III) (>14% of the total Fe), determined by Mössbauer spectroscopy. The calculations under which all Fe was regarded as ferrous gave considerable overestimates for the formation temperature, irrespective of the geothermometer used. This problem was reduced by taking into account the presence of Fe(III) in the octahedral sites. The geothermometer from this study gave more reasonable estimates than the geothermometers proposed by Walshe (1986) and Vidal et al. (2001), particularly in the case of the Niger chlorites which crystallized in the lowest-temperature conditions. The ordered-site substitution model of solid solution developed by Vidal et al. (2001) predicted satisfactorily the formation temperature of the Rouez chlorites and of some of the Saint Martin chlorites, suggesting that the chlorite compositions are controlled by the

exchange at low-T conditions while they are controlled by Tschermak exchange at higher temperatures. The decreasing number of vacancies with temperature are poorer in Fe-rich than in Fe-poor chlorites. Furthermore, the ordered-site occupation of cations and vacancies in trioctahedral chlorite occurs concomitantly with the compositional changes ruled by increasing temperature conditions.
Entertaining anti-racism. Multicultural television drama, identification and perceptions of ethnic threat
Authors: Müller Floris 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Television content that contains non-stereotypical representations of ethnic minorities and models positive intercultural interactions may potentially aid in reducing the prejudices of its viewers (Brown Graves, Journal of Social Issues 55: 707–727, 1999, Persson, Early Childhood Research Quarterly 18: 530–546, 1999, Shochat, Conflict Resolution Quarterly 21: 2003). However, the exact effect has yet to be demonstrated. Furthermore, the cognitive mechanisms behind such an effect remain unclear. This article tests hypotheses derived from social identity theory and social learning theory that attribute this effect to the identification patterns with ingroup and outgroup characters in television drama. In an experiment (N = 152), participants either watched episodes of a multicultural drama or a regular soap series. Results showed that viewers of multicultural drama had lower perceptions of ethnic threat. Moreover, this effect was mediated by identification with characters, namely, increased identification with outgroup and lowered identification with ingroup characters resulting in lower ethnic threat. The results suggest that short term viewing effects are best explained with social identity theory. The implications for long term effects and the possible role of social learning are analyzed in the discussion.
Do children's cognitive advertising defenses reduce their desire for advertised products?
Authors: Rozendaal Esther , Buijzen Moniek , Valkenburg Patti 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
In both the academic and societal debates, it is widely assumed that cognitive advertising defenses can reduce children's susceptibility to advertising effects. Empirical evidence supporting this crucial assumption is however missing. It is precisely this gap that the present study aims to fill In a survey of 296 children (aged 8–12 years), we investigate whether children's cognitive defenses (i. e., advertising recognition and understanding of its selling and persuasive intent) reduce the relationship between the amount of television advertising they are exposed to and their desire for advertised product categories. Interaction analysis in regression shows that of all the cognitive defense variables, only understanding advertising's persuasive intent was effective in reducing the impact of advertising exposure on children's advertised product desire. However, this only applies to the older children in the sample (ages 10–12). For the younger children, understanding the persuasive intent even increased the impact of advertising.
Early enteral feeding in conservatively managed stage II necrotizing enterocolitis is associated with a reduced risk of catheter-related sepsis
Authors: Brotschi Barbara , Baenziger Oskar , Frey Bernhard , Bucher Hans Ulrich , Ersch Jörg 
Published: August 2009

Abstract

Aims: To compare the effect of fasting period duration on complication rates in neonates managed conservatively for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) Bell stage II.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter study to analyze retrospectively multiple data collected by standardized questionnaire on all admissions for NEC between January 2000 and December 2006. NEC was staged using modified Bell criteria. We divided the conservatively managed neonates with NEC Bell stage II into two groups (those fasted for <5 days and those fasted for >5 days) and compared the complication rates.

Results: Of the 47 conservatively managed neonates Bell stage II, 30 (64%) fasted for <5 days (range 1–4 days) and 17 (36%) for >5 days (range 6–16 days). There were no significant differences for any of the patient characteristics analyzed. One (3%) and four (24%) neonates, respectively, developed post-NEC bowel stricture. One (3%) and two neonates (12%) suffered NEC relapse. None and five (29%) neonates developed catheter-related sepsis.

Conclusion: Shorter fasting after NEC appears to lower morbidity after the acute phase of the disease. In particular, shorter-fasted neonates have significantly less catheter-related sepsis. We found no benefit in longer fasting.
A NMR Relaxation Study for the Interactions of some 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium Ionic Liquids with Acetone
Authors: Zhai Cuiping , Wang Jianji , Zhao Yang , Tang Junming 
Published: August 2009

Abstract

13C spin-lattice relaxation times of room temperature ionic liquids [C4mim][PF6], [C6mim][PF6], [C8mim][PF6],[C6mim][BF4] and [C6mim]Br in acetone-d6 have been determined at various acetone-d6 mole fractions. It was shown that the spin-lattice relaxation time increased with increasing acetone-d6 mole fractions, and was influenced not only by the type of the anions but also by the length of alkyl chain on the imidazolium cations. The results suggested that interactions between the cation and the anion of ionic liquids were weakened and the ionic motion of ionic liquids was enhanced with the addition of acetone-d6.
Experimental and DFT Study on the Complexation of Zn2+with Valinomycin
Authors: Dybal J. , Makrlík E. , Vanura P. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractFrom extraction experiments andγ-activity measurements, the exchange extraction constant corresponding to the equilibrium Zn2+(aq) +1 ·Sr2+(nb) ⇌1 ·Zn2+(nb) + Sr2+(aq) taking place in the two–phase water–nitrobenzene system (1= valinomycin; aq = aqueous phase, nb = nitrobenzene phase) was evaluated as logKex(Zn2+,1 ·Sr2+) = −0.2±0.1. Further, the stability constant of the valinomycin–zinc complex (abbrev.1 ·Zn2+) in nitrobenzene saturated with water was calculated for a temperature of 25oC: logβnb(1 ·Zn2+) = 6.1±0.1. By using quantum mechanical DFT calculations, the most probable structure of the1 ·Zn2+complex species was predicted. In this complex, the Zn2+cation sits in the center of the coordination cavity formed by six ester carbonyls, which are oriented almost exactly in the “radial directions”. Finally, the calculated binding energy of the resulting complex1 ·Zn2+is −359.5 kcal/mol confirming relatively high stability of the considered cationic complex species.
Development of a Work Improvement Checklist for Occupational Mental Health Focused on Requests from Workers
Authors: Tahara Hiroyuki , Yamada Tatsuji , Nagafuchi Keiko , Shirakawa Chie , Suzuki Kiyomi , Mafune Kosuke , Kubota Shinya , Hiro Hisanori , Mishima Norio , Nagata Shoji 
Published: August 2009

Development of a Work Improvement Checklist for Occupational Mental Health Focused on Requests from Workers: Hiroyuki Tahara, et al. Department of Mental Health, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, JapanObjectivesTo develop tools offering definite orientation for managers and employees to support their work improvement through occupational mental health. This research was a part of the Mental Health Improvement & Reinforcement Study (MIR study), conducted from October 2004 to March 2006.MethodsWe developed a trial version named the Kaizen Check List (KCL) by referring to problem solving methods for quality management. Then we improved it for a formal version named MIR Research of Recognition (MIRROR). A feedback form named MIR Action Guidance (MIRAGe) was also developed. We analyzed data from 1,953 respondents at five manufacturing enterprises in Japan using MIRROR and the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire (BJSQ) to determine whether or not the workers requesting work improvement had more stress than other workers.ResultsThe KCL had 47 items, which indicated desirable working conditions for mental health at work, and four answer categories. MIRROR has 45 selected items and improved answer categories. MIRAGe displays the results of MIRROR and step‐by‐step guidance for work improvement. Respondents with request had significantly higher scores in stressor and lower scores in buffer factors compared with respondents without request in many items of MIRROR.ConclusionsA combinational use of MIRROR and stress scales is useful for finding worksites with high risk factors for mental health and for directing focus on work improvement at these worksites according to workers' requests.
Beyond Mimesis: Aristotle's Poetics in the Medieval Mediterranean
Authors: Mallette Karla 
Published: August 2009

La imagen que un solo hombre puede formar es la que no toca a ninguno. … El tiempo, que despoja los alcázares, enriquece los versos.—Jorge Luis Borges, “La busca de Averroes” (586)The image that a single man can form touches no one. … Time, which despoils fortresses, enriches poetry.How should literary historians aiming to describe literary traditions that predated the modern nation use the methodological tool kit developed contemporaneously with the European nationalisms? Can philology be separated from the logic of the nation and from the teleological vanishing point—the languages and literatures of (for instance) modern France, Spain, or Italy—that has traditionally provided a rationale for readings of medieval literature (and jobs for philologists)? Medieval literary historians have known for some time that we must get out of the habit of thinking in terms of the national literatures that would emerge centuries after the texts we study were written. And we have absorbed the lesson that the nineteenth-century philologists on whose shoulders we stand worked (frequently, if not systematically) under the influence of the nationalizing movements emerging as they wrote, so that their pronouncements on medieval texts must be read with appropriate caution. We have not, however, yet produced new geographic and historical formulations to replace the narrative that traces the origin of the modern European nations to a medieval Latin Christian crucible.
Of Pigs and Parchment: Medieval Studies and the Coming of the Animal
Authors: Holsinger Bruce 
Published: August 2009

For Jorge Luis Borges, local color was overrated. In “the argentine writer and tradition” (1951), borges responded to the charges of critics who valued indigenous traditions and themes above all else; for Borges, just as Shakespeare could draw on Scandinavian history and Racine from the memories of the ancient world, so the Argentine writer should be permitted to mine the veins of the Western European tradition for the rich ore of literary art (Frisch 43). When the national writer does wish to produce a “truly native” text, he suggests, this should be accomplished with great subtlety, even to the extent of obscuring altogether the indigenous hues of local color in favor of an unspoken affiliation with the authorial homeland. A prime example of this technique, he avows, can be found in the Koran:A few days ago, I discovered a curious confirmation of the way in which what is truly native can and often does dispense with local color; I found this confirmation in Gibbon'sDecline and Fall of the Roman Empire. Gibbon observes that in the Arab book par excellence, the Koran, there are no camels; I believe that if there ever were any doubt as to the authenticity of the Koran, this lack of camels would suffice to prove that it is Arab. It was written by Mohammed, and Mohammed, as an Arab, had no reason to know that camels were particularly Arab; they were, for him, a part of reality, and he had no reason to single them out, while the first thing a forger, a tourist, or an Arab nationalist would do is bring on the camels, whole caravans of camels on every page; but Mohammed, as an Arab, was unconcerned; he knew he could be Arab without camels. I believe that we Argentines can be like Mohammed; we can believe in the possibility of being Argentine without abounding in local color. (181)
Expert Consensus on the Management of Erlotinib-Associated Cutaneous Toxicity in the U.K.
Authors: Thatcher Nicholas , Nicolson Marianne , Groves Richard W. , Steele Jeremy , Eaby Beth , Dunlop Joyce , McPhelim John , Nijjar Rajinder , Ukachukwu Ijeoma ,   U.K. Erlotinib Skin Toxicity Management Consensus Group
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Rash has been reported in up to 76% of patients with lung cancer who have received the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor (EGFRI) erlotinib. It has also been observed in patients treated with other agents that have a similar mode of action.
Erlotinib-associated skin toxicity typically presents as a papulopustular, follicular, acneiform rash. In most cases, it is mild, transient, and well tolerated, but in 8%–12% of patients, it may be sufficiently severe and persistent to necessitate intervention. Increasingly strong data suggest that the incidence and severity of skin toxicity may be predictive of response and survival in patients treated with erlotinib. This has prompted some clinicians to consider “treatment to rash” (i.e., increasing the dosage until a rash appears) as a rational management strategy.
In 2007, an international consensus was developed for the management of EGFRI-associated skin toxicity. Subsequently, a multidisciplinary group (the U.K. Erlotinib Skin Toxicity Management Consensus Group) met to validate and modify the international recommendations for U.K. use, with specific reference to erlotinib. Although many aspects of the international consensus were approved by the group as being relevant for the U.K., certain parts were modified. The resulting expert opinion is a practical and workable version of the international proposal that considers all applicable national issues regarding the management of erlotinib-associated skin toxicity.
Hydrophilic anthropogenic markers for quantification of wastewater contamination in ground-and surface WATERS
Authors: Kahle Maren , Buerge Ignaz J. , Müller Markus D. , Poiger Thomas 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Hydrophilic, persistent markers are useful to detect, locate, and quantify contamination of natural waters with domestic wastewater. The present study focused on occurrence and fate of seven marker candidates including carbamazepine (CBZ), 10,11-dihydro-10,11-dihydroxycarbamazepine (DiOH-CBZ), primidone (PMD), crotamiton (CTMT), N-acetyl-4-aminoantipyrine (AAA), N-formyl-4-aminoantipyrine (FAA), and benzotriazole (BTri) in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), lakes, and groundwater. In WWTPs, concentrations from 0.14 μg/L to several micrograms per liter were observed for all substances, except CTMT, which was detected at lower concentrations. Loads determined in untreated and treated wastewater indicated that removal of the potential markers in WWTPs is negligible; only BTri was partly eliminated (average 33%). In lakes, five compounds, CBZ, DiOH-CBZ, FAA, AAA, and BTri, were consistently detected in concentrations of 2 to 70 ng/L, 3 to 150 ng/L, less than the limit of quantification to 30 ng/L, 2 to 80 ng/L, and 11 to 920 ng/L, respectively. Mean per capita loads in the outflows of the lakes suggested possible dissipation in surface waters, especially of AAA and FAA. Nevertheless, concentrations of CBZ, DiOH-CBZ, and BTri correlated with the actual anthropogenic burden of the lakes by domestic wastewater, indicating that these compounds are suitable for quantification of wastewater contamination in lakes. Marker candidates were also detected in a number of groundwater samples. Carbamazepine concentrations up to 42 ng/L were observed in aquifers with significant infiltration of river water, receiving considerable wastewater discharges from WWTPs. Concentration ratios between compounds indicated some elimination of BTri and DiOH-CBZ during subsurface passage or in groundwater, while CBZ and PMD appeared to be more stable and thus are promising wastewater markers for groundwater. The wastewater burden in groundwater, estimated with the markers CBZ and PMD, reached up to 6%.
Successful Combination of an Organically Crosslinked Polymer System and a Rigid-Setting Material for Conformance Control in Mexico
Authors: Deolarte Carlos , Vasquez Julio , Soriano Eduardo , Santillan Arturo 
Published: August 2009

Summary
The Cantarell field, a mature reservoir offshore Mexico, presents significant water-management problems because the hydrocarbon production comes from a naturally fractured carbonate reservoir. Controlling water production in the Cantarell field becomes more critical because of its limited water-handling facilities. This paper presents the field application of two systems widely used in the petroleum industry for water control: (1) an organically crosslinked polymer (OCP) system and (2) a rigid-setting-material (RSM) system.
The OCP system is based on a copolymer of acrylamide and t-butyl acrylate (PAtBA) crosslinked with polyethyleneimine (PEI). To date, more than 100 jobs have been performed in Mexico with this system to address conformance problems such as water coning/cresting, high-permeability streaks, gravel-pack isolation, fracture shutoff, and casing-leak repair. This system can penetrate deep into the matrix of the rock or fractures to provide a more efficient water shutoff. The RSM system is a rigid "cement-like" setting material that has a right-angle set. Unlike cement, the RSM system is capable of rapidly developing highly compressive strength to avoid losing the treatment to the formation before setting and will not invade the formation. The RSM system is for near-wellbore applications.
Several case histories are presented in this paper to show the application of these two water-shutoff systems together. The OCP system was used for deep matrix/fracture penetration, while the RSM system was used as a tail-in because of its fast-setting properties (to avoid overdisplacement of the OCP system) and its capability to stop gas migration. These advanced water-control technologies have extended the well life and profitability of the treated wells. In the past, many of these wells were abandoned because of the limited water-handling facilities.
Sense of Humor and Survival among a County Cohort of Patients with End-Stage Renal Failure: A Two-Year Prospective Study
Authors: Svebak Sven , Kristoffersen Bjørn , Aasarød Knut 
Published: August 2009

Objective: To explore the significance of sense of humor for survival in a county cohort of patients diagnosed with end-stage renal failure. This diagnosis is a life-threatening condition that calls upon coping skills and regular dialysis. Method: All patients receiving dialysis in the county of Sør-Trøndelag during February of one year (N=52) were invited. Forty-one completed the survey and had complete data (78.9%). Predictors were related to survival status two years later. Three blocks of predictors were tested: 1) age, gender and education; 2) duration of disease, number of dialyses per week, and co-morbidity; and 3) quality of life and sense of humor. Confounding effects of variables in blocks one and two were controlled for using Cox survival analysis. Results: Nineteen patients (46.3 %) died over the 2-year observation period. Survival decreased with higher age at time of survey ( p <.044), but was not significantly predicted by variables in block two. A highly significant increase in survival was due to the psychological variables of block three ( p <.001) essentially accounted for by sense of humor ( p <.005). Those who scored above the median in sense of humor increased their odds for survival by on average 31%. Conclusions: Sense of humor appeared to mediate better coping and, therefore, protected against detrimental effects of disease-related stressors upon survival.
C. elegans as Model for the Study of High Glucose– Mediated Life Span Reduction
Authors: Schlotterer Andreas , Kukudov Georgi , Bozorgmehr Farastuk , Hutter Harald , Du Xueliang , Oikonomou Dimitrios , Ibrahim Youssef , Pfisterer Friederike , Rabbani Naila , Thornalley Paul , Sayed Ahmed , Fleming Thomas , Humpert Per , Schwenger Vedat , Zeier Martin , Hamann Andreas , Stern David , Brownlee Michael , Bierhaus Angelika , Nawroth Peter , Morcos Michael 
Published: August 2009

OBJECTIVE
Establishing Caenorhabditis elegans as a model for glucose toxicity–mediated life span reduction.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
C. elegans were maintained to achieve glucose concentrations resembling the hyperglycemic conditions in diabetic patients. The effects of high glucose on life span, glyoxalase-1 activity, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and on mitochondrial function were studied.

RESULTS
High glucose conditions reduced mean life span from 18.5 ± 0.4 to 16.5 ± 0.6 days and maximum life span from 25.9 ± 0.4 to 23.2 ± 0.4 days, independent of glucose effects on cuticle or bacterial metabolization of glucose. The formation of methylglyoxal-modified mitochondrial proteins and ROS was significantly increased by high glucose conditions and reduced by mitochondrial uncoupling and complex IIIQo inhibition. Overexpression of the methylglyoxal–detoxifying enzyme glyoxalase-1 attenuated the life-shortening effect of glucose by reducing AGE accumulation (by 65%) and ROS formation (by 50%) and restored mean (16.5 ± 0.6 to 20.6 ± 0.4 days) and maximum life span (23.2 ± 0.4 to 27.7 ± 2.3 days). In contrast, inhibition of glyoxalase-1 by RNAi further reduced mean (16.5 ± 0.6 to 13.9 ± 0.7 days) and maximum life span (23.2 ± 0.4 to 20.3 ± 1.1 days). The life span reduction by glyoxalase-1 inhibition was independent from the insulin signaling pathway because high glucose conditions also affected daf-2 knockdown animals in a similar manner.

CONCLUSIONS
C. elegans is a suitable model organism to study glucose toxicity, in which high glucose conditions limit the life span by increasing ROS formation and AGE modification of mitochondrial proteins in a daf-2 independent manner. Most importantly, glucose toxicity can be prevented by improving glyoxalase-1–dependent methylglyoxal detoxification or preventing mitochondrial dysfunction.