bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corilagin relieves atherosclerosis via the toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: Wang Yujie , Li Yiqing , Chen Yunfei , Mao Jinqian , Ji Jingyu , Zhang Shaojun , Liu Pan , Pronyuk Khrystyna , Fisher David , Dang Yiping , Zhao Lei 
Published: June 2024

Introduction Corilagin possesses a diverse range of pharmacologic bioactivities. However, the specific protective effects and mechanisms of action of corilagin in the context of atherosclerosis remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the impact of corilagin on the toll-like receptor (TLR)4 signaling pathway in a mouse vascular smooth muscle cell line (MOVAS) stimulated by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). Additionally, we examined the effects of corilagin in Sprague–Dawley rats experiencing atherosclerosis. Methods The cytotoxicity of corilagin was assessed using the CCK8 assay. MOVAS cells, pre-incubated with ox-LDL, underwent treatment with varying concentrations of corilagin. TLR4 expression was modulated by either downregulation through small interfering (si)RNA or upregulation via lentivirus transfection. Molecular expression within the TLR4 signaling pathway was analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting. The proliferation capacity of MOVAS cells was determined through cell counting. In a rat model, atherosclerosis was induced in femoral arteries using an improved guidewire injury method, and TLR4 expression in plaque areas was assessed using immunofluorescence. Pathological changes were examined through hematoxylin and eosin staining, as well as Oil-Red-O staining. Results Corilagin demonstrated inhibitory effects on the TLR4 signaling pathway in MOVAS cells pre-stimulated with ox-LDL, consequently impeding the proliferative impact of ox-LDL. The modulation of TLR4 expression, either through downregulation or upregulation, similarly influenced the expression of downstream molecules. In an in vivo context, corilagin exhibited the ability to suppress TLR4 and MyD88 expression in the plaque lesion areas of rat femoral arteries, thereby alleviating the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. Conclusion Corilagin can inhibit the TLR4 signaling pathway in VSMCs, possibly by downregulating TLR4 expression and, consequently, relieving atherosclerosis.
Analysis of the 2-Bag Method for the Management of Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Retrospective before and after Study
Authors: Nahle Julia , Langford Sarah , Albright Jeremy , Sudekum David M. 
Published: June 2024

Purpose: This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of a two-bag method compared with a one-bag method for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). We hypothesize that a two-bag method will decrease the incidence of hypoglycemia, when compared with a one-bag method. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted on patients treated for DKA at a Trinity Health institution between 2020 and 2022. A total of 1084 adult patients were included. Patients treated with the one-bag protocol were included in the pre-group, while those treated with the two-bag protocol were included in the post-group. The primary outcome was incidence of hypoglycemia (blood glucose <70 mg/dL). Secondary outcomes included time to anion gap closure, insulin infusion duration, time to HCO3 correction, and incidence of hypokalemia. Patients were excluded if they were pregnant or diagnosed with Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (HHS), euglycemic DKA, or ketosis from other causes. Results: The incidence of hypoglycemia was 38% in the pre-group and 15.83% in the post-group ( P < .001). Patients in the pre-group were on an insulin infusion longer than the post-group (28.37 hours vs 22.17 hours, P < .001). Patients in the pre-group had a slower time to anion gap closure (8.99 hours vs 8.52 hours, P = .021) and had a slower time to HCO3 correction (10.88 hours vs 10.69 hours, P = .004). Between-group incidence of hypokalemia was similar (66.39% vs 60%, P = .079). Conclusions: The two-bag method for the treatment of DKA resulted in improved safety and efficacy outcomes, compared with the one-bag method.
Exploring Fantasy Football Involvement and Mental Health through Player Experience, Engagement Levels, Social Comparisons, and Financial Incentives
Authors: Wilkins Luke , Churchyard Jamie , Dowsett Ross , Britton Gary 
Published: June 2024

Background Fantasy sports are a rapidly growing complement to the sports industry and recent research has explored the mental health experiences of those who play the game. Aim This study aimed to test the findings from two such studies ( Wilkins et al., 2021 ; Wilkins et al., 2023 ). Methods Questionnaire data measuring depression, anxiety, stress, positive mood, negative mood, problematic behaviour, and functional impairment from 635 fantasy football players were analysed using one-way ANOVAs. Results Amongst the significant results were the findings that: i) more experienced players reported less anxiety than less experienced players, and ii) players who engaged more with the game, made more social comparisons, and had greater financial involvement generally reported more mental health concerns and more positive mood than other players. Conclusion Engagement levels play an important role in determining the wellbeing experience of fantasy football participants. These findings also lend support to the ‘Framework of Hypothesised Factors Leading to Predominantly Positive or Negative Experiences in FF’ and should be used by stakeholders within the fantasy sports industry to optimise the game-playing experience of participants.
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: Macules, Papules, and Bullae
Authors: Vossos Helene , Delgado Patricia M. 
Published: June 2024

Objective: The objective of this discussion paper is to illuminate the importance of early identification and treatment of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). SJS/TEN may occur as quickly as 4 days, more commonly 4 to 8 weeks after starting a new medication and early identification is essential. Methods: A review of literature revealed there is a lack of diagnostic awareness related to the clinical presentation and diverse populations at risk for this devastating syndrome. Results: A Boolean search was conducted, and six quantitative and qualitative research articles were discovered that indicate a knowledge disparity between “rash” versus SJS/TEN. Research indicates evidence-based best clinical practices for nurses and health care practitioners for assessment of risks, clinical presentation, and treatment. Conclusions: Prompt diagnosis and discontinuation of the suspected medication will reduce potential life-threatening sequelae.
L-Shaped Associations Between Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index and Hearing Loss: A Cross-Sectional Study From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Min Xinting , Kong Xiufang , Wang Wei 
Published: June 2024

Background Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of hearing loss (HL). Dietary intake is a modifiable factor that could influence the oxidant and antioxidant capacity. We hypothesized that a higher composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI) is associated with a reduced odds for HL. Methods Adult participants from the 2001–2012 & 2015–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Study were included in this cross-sectional study. The CDAI was calculated from vitamins A, C, E, selenium, zinc, and caretenoid through 24-h dietary recall. Outcomes were HL, speech frequency HL (SFHL), and high frequency HL (HFHL). The associations between CDAI and HL, SFHL, and HFHL were evaluated by weighted multivariable logistic regression. Results CDAI was associated with lower odds of HL (OR = 0.98, 95%CI 0.95–1.00, p = .043) and SFHL (OR = 0.97, 95%CI 0.95–1.00, p = .041), but not HFHL (OR = 0.98, 95%CI 0.96–1.00, p = .118) after adjustment for confounders. The multivariable-adjusted model showed a significant trend toward decreased risk of HL, SFHL, and HFHL with increasing CDAI quartile (all p for trend < 0.05). Restricted cubic spline analysis suggested that the associations between CDAI and HL, SFHL, and HFHL were L-shaped, with inflection points of CDAI at −0.61, 2.33, and 4.32, respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that participants with exposure to loud noise benefited from a higher CDAI for SFHL ( p for interaction = 0.039). Conclusion Higher CDAI is associated with reduced odds of HL and SFHL in the U.S. adult population and serves as a promising intervention target to be further explored in prospective longitudinal studies in the future.
Practical recommendations for addressing the psychological needs of unaccompanied asylum-seeking children in England: A literature and service review
Authors: Yim See Heng , Said Glorianne , King Dorothy 
Published: June 2024

Background Globally, there is an increasing trend of forcibly displaced people, of which over 40% are children. Unaccompanied asylum-seeking children (UASC) are at risk of experiencing psychological distress and developing mental health difficulties. However, in the UK, the approach from statutory mental health services is inconsistent across different geographical areas. Aim This report outlines recommendations for statutory mental health services in the UK in relation to working with UASC. Method A rapid evaluation method was adopted including interviewing fifteen key informants as well as reviewing existing clinical guidelines. Key informants included clinicians, service managers, social workers and commissioners from Local Authorities, National Health Services, and third sector partners. Recommendations were synthesised using narrative synthesis. Results and conclusion Existing service provision and barriers to the implementation of interventions were summarised and compared against existing guidelines. The report presents recommendations on assessments, screening tools, and psychological interventions for developing a pathway for UASC within statutory services.
Cross-Cultural Course and Service-Learning Study-Away: A Means to Transformative Learning
Authors: Giambo Debra A. , Garrido Luis E. 
Published: June 2024

Course-based, service-learning, study-away opportunities for university students can result in transformational learning for students. Within the context of Mezirow’s transformative learning theory (2008), this study explored university students’ perceptions of a course-based, service-learning, study-away experience in a culture greatly different from their own. Students participated in a semester-long course with a spring break service-learning study-away experience in the Zuni Pueblo, an indigenous community in New Mexico. Data included individual and group reflections during and after the trip as well as post-graduation (i.e., 3.5–4.5 years after the course). Student reflections indicate that course-based, service-learning, study-away experiences for university students, especially one that provides cross-cultural experiences, can result in transformative learning that may have lasting personal and professional effects. The results of this project may be used by faculty and administrators in academia to provide creative, comprehensive, and transformational intercultural opportunities for students, helping to create leaders in their fields.
HeRO graft—The results of the cologne single center study
Authors: Matoussevitch Vladimir , Dorweiler Bernhard , Kalmykov Egan 
Published: June 2024

Objective The HeRO graft is a technique for vascular access in patients with limited treatment options; however, the published results with the HeRO graft are diverging. We therefore conducted a single-center study. Methods Patient records between July 2014 and February 2020 from Vascular Access Unit of the Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery of University Clinic of Cologne (Germany) were reviewed. Retrospective data was analysed from patients with a HeRo graft ( n = 18). Results Eighteen patients were enrolled in the study. The mean age of the patients was 62.8 ± 17.24 years. During the follow-up period, no patients died from complications related to the HeRO graft. Each patient had a mean of 1.94 concomitant diseases. The primary patency rates of the HeRO graft at 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months were 61.1%, 50%, 16.7%, 11.1%, and 5.6%, respectively. The secondary patency rates at the same time intervals were 77.8%, 72.8%, 55.6% 55.6%, and 55.6%, respectively. There were 44 re-operations per year, or 2.4 operations per patient. The main cause of acute complications was acute graft occlusions after HERO graft implantation. An infection after the graft implantation occurred in five (27.7%) patients, leading to graft explanation in 2 cases. Conclusion The use of the HERO graft is a valuable alternative method for providing a durable dialysis access in patients with limited access options. The secondary patency and survival are good with a low infection rate.
Enhanced recovery after caesarean section: Implementation of an ERAC protocol in a tertiary obstetric hospital
Authors: Crandon Rian , Storr Nicholas , Padhy Sofia , Parker Paula , Lun Stacey , Hughes Ian , Pietrobuono Melissa , Carter Paula 
Published: June 2024

Objective: Assess safety and efficacy of an Enhanced Recovery After Caesarean protocol. Background: Caesarean sections are among the most commonly performed surgeries worldwide, but have been associated with postoperative chronic pain and opioid abuse. Methods: ASA 2 females, over 18 years, non-primiparous, repeat elective LSCS. Primary outcomes were length of stay and opioid consumption. Secondary outcomes were pain scores, functional assessment scores, pruritus, nausea and vomiting. Results: A total of 579 women divided into standard care (389 patients) and enhanced recovery after caesarean groups (190 patients). Enhanced recovery after caesarean associated with reduced length of stay, 50.8 hours (interquartile range 48.6, 53.6) versus 72.2 hours (interquartile range 53.2, 75.7) in standard care. Enhanced recovery after caesarean associated with reduced opioid consumption, median 10 (interquartile range 0, 27.5mg) versus 120mg (interquartile range 90, 145mg) in standard care at 24 hours and 30 (interquartile range 7.7, 67.5mg) versus 177.5mg (interquartile range 132.5, 222.5 mg) at 48 hours. Pain scores reduced from moderate to mild in the enhanced recovery after caesarean. functional assessment scores trend towards improved function in the enhanced recovery after caesarean group (Functional assessment scores B 8.9% in enhanced recovery after caesarean versus 147% in standard care). Increased pruritus in the enhanced recovery after caesarean with 41.6% compared with 9.3% in standard care. Nausea and vomiting increased in enhanced recovery after caesarean group 48.9% versus 11.6% in standard care. Conclusion: Enhanced recovery after caesarean associated with a reduction in length of stay, opioid consumption and improved pain scores with an increase in side effects.
IGF-1 Mediated Neuroprotective Effects of Olfactory-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Auditory Hair Cells
Authors: Lammers Marc J. W. , Young Emily , Yanai Anat , Viringipurampeer Ishaq A. , Le Trung N. , Straatman Louise V. , Westerberg Brian D. , Gregory-Evans Kevin 
Published: June 2024

Importance Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the capability of providing ongoing paracrine support to degenerating tissues. Since MSCs can be extracted from a broad range of tissues, their specific surface marker profiles and growth factor secretions can be different. We hypothesized that MSCs derived from different sources might also have different neuroprotective potential. Objective In this study, we extracted MSCs from rodent olfactory mucosa and compared their neuroprotective effects on auditory hair cell survival with MSCs extracted from rodent adipose tissue. Methods Organ of Corti explants were dissected from 41 cochlea and incubated with olfactory mesenchymal stem cells (OMSCs) and adipose mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs). After 72 hours, Corti explants were fixed, stained, and hair cells counted. Growth factor concentrations were determined in the supernatant and cell lysate using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Results Co-culturing of organ of Corti explants with OMSCs resulted in a significant increase in inner and outer hair cell stereocilia survival, compared to control. Comparisons between both stem cell lines, showed that co-culturing with OMSCs resulted in superior inner and outer hair cell stereocilia survival rates over co-culturing with AMSCs. Assessment of growth factor secretions revealed that the OMSCs secrete significant amounts of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Co-culturing OMSCs with organ of Corti explants resulted in a 10-fold increase in IGF-1 level compared to control, and their secretion was 2 to 3 times higher compared to the AMSCs. Conclusions This study has shown that OMSCs may mitigate auditory hair cell stereocilia degeneration. Their neuroprotective effects may, at least partially, be ascribed to their enhanced IGF-1 secretory abilities compared to AMSCs.
CSF and plasma biomarkers in cerebral amyloid angiopathy: A single-center study and a systematic review/meta-analysis
Authors: Theodorou Aikaterini , Tsantzali Ioanna , Stefanou Maria-Ioanna , Sacco Simona , Katsanos Aristeidis H , Shoamanesh Ashkan , Karapanayiotides Theodoros , Koutroulou Ioanna , Stamati Polyxeni , Werring David J , Cordonnier Charlotte , Palaiodimou Lina , Zompola Christina , Boviatsis Efstathios , Stavrinou Lampis , Frantzeskaki Frantzeska , Steiner Thorsten , Alexandrov Andrei V , Paraskevas Georgios P , Tsivgoulis Georgios 
Published: June 2024

Introduction: There are limited data regarding cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma biomarkers among patients with Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy (CAA). We sought to investigate the levels of four biomarkers [β-amyloids (Aβ42 and Aβ40), total tau (tau) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau)] in CAA patients compared to healthy controls (HC) and patients with Alzheimer Disease (AD). Patients and methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies, including also a 5 year single-center cohort study, with available data on CSF and plasma biomarkers in symptomatic sporadic CAA versus HC and AD was conducted. Biomarkers’ comparisons were investigated using random-effects models based on the ratio of mean (RoM) biomarker concentrations. RoM < 1 and RoM > 1 indicate lower and higher biomarker concentration in CAA compared to another population, respectively. Results: We identified nine cohorts, comprising 327 CAA patients (mean age: 71 ± 5 years; women: 45%) versus 336 HC (mean age: 65 ± 5 years; women: 45%) and 384 AD patients (mean age: 68 ± 3 years; women: 53%) with available data on CSF biomarkers. CSF Aβ42 levels [RoM: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.36–0.62; p < 0.0001], Aβ40 levels [RoM: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.63–0.79; p < 0.0001] and the ratio Aβ42/Aβ40 [RoM: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.39–0.98; p = 0.0438] differentiated CAA from HC. CSF Aβ40 levels [RoM: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.64–0.83; p = 0.0003] differentiated CAA from AD. CSF tau and p-tau levels differentiated CAA from HC [RoM: 1.71; 95% CI: 1.41–2.09; p = 0.0002 and RoM: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.20–1.73; p = 0.0014, respectively] and from AD [RoM: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.58–0.72; p < 0.0001 and RoM: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.57–0.71; p < 0.0001, respectively]. Plasma Aβ42 [RoM: 1.14; 95% CI: 0.89–1.45; p = 0.2079] and Aβ40 [RoM: 1.07; 95% CI: 0.91–1.25; p = 0.3306] levels were comparable between CAA and HC. Conclusions: CAA is characterized by a distinct CSF biomarker pattern compared to HC and AD. CSF Aβ40 levels are lower in CAA compared to HC and AD, while tau and p-tau levels are higher in CAA compared to HC, but lower in comparison to AD patients.
Mortality trends in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in Europe between 2013 and 2018
Authors: Gonnelli Francesca , Bonifazi Martina , Hubbard Richard 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundPrevious research has suggested that the incidence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is increasing in the UK and elsewhere. The aim of this study is to provide contemporary estimates of IPF mortality rates across 24 European Union (EU) countries from 2013 to 2018, using death certificate data from the European Statistics Institution (EUROSTAT) database.MethodsWe extracted country data for IPF (International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision: code J84.1) mortality from the EUROSTAT dataset. We calculated country-, age- and sex-specific death registration rates between 2013 and 2018. We used direct standardisation to compare rates between countries. We calculated annual trends in mortality rate ratios using a segmented regression model.ResultsThe overall standardised mortality rate in 24 EU countries during this period was 3.90 (95% CI 3.80–3.90) per 100 000 person-years, with the rate rising from 3.70 in 2013 to 4.00 in 2018 (average annual percent change 1.74%, 95% CI 0.91–2.59%). We observed substantial inter-country differences, with the highest rates detected in Ireland, the UK and Finland, the lowest rate in Bulgaria, and middle rates in Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal and Slovenia.ConclusionsThe IPF mortality rate is increasing across Europe. There are currently more than 17 000 deaths recorded from IPF each year in Europe but the marked geographical differences we observed suggest that this figure may underestimate the true rate considerably.
Evaluation of Intranasal TLR2/6 agonist INNA-051: Safety, Tolerability and Proof of Pharmacology
Authors: Mercuri Francesca A. , White Scott , McQuilten Hayley A , Lemech Charlotte , Mynhardt Stephan , Hari Rana , Zhang Ping , Kruger Nicole , McLachlan Grant , Miller Bruce E. , West Nicholas P. , Tal-Singer Ruth , Demaison Christophe 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundLocal priming of the innate immune system with a TLR2/6 agonist may reduce morbidity and mortality associated with viral respiratory tract infections, particularly for the elderly and those with chronic diseases.ObjectivesTo understand the potential of prophylactic treatment with a TLR2/6 agonist as an enhancer of innate immunity pathways leading to accelerated respiratory virus clearance from the upper airways.MethodsTwo randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials were conducted in healthy adult participants. The first dose-escalation study assessed safety, tolerability and mechanistic biomarkers following single and repeated intranasal administrations of INNA-051. The second was an Influenza A viral challenge study assessing the impact of treatment on host defence biomarkers and viral load.ResultsINNA-051 was well tolerated in both studies, with no dose-limiting toxicities identified. Mechanistic biomarkers assessed in both studies demonstrated the expected engagement of pharmacology, including innate immune pathways. There were lower than anticipated rates of infection. Post hoc analysis conducted in laboratory-confirmed infected participants with low or no antibody titre against the challenge virus showed INNA-051 treatment led to significantly shorter duration of infection and increased expression of genes and pathways associated with host defence responses against influenza.ConclusionsThe safety and pharmacology profile of INNA-051 confirms preclinical studies. INNA-051 increased expression of genes and pathways associated with host defence responses against influenza and was associated with shorter duration of infection. These studies support further clinical assessment in the context of natural viral respiratory tract infections in individuals at increased risk of severe illness.