bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Noonan syndrome, the SOS1 gene and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Jongmans Marjolijn C. J. , Hoogerbrugge Peter M. , Hilkens Linda , Flucke Uta , van der Burgt Ineke , Noordam Kees , Ruiterkamp‐Versteeg Martina , Yntema Helger G. , Nillesen Willy M. , Ligtenberg Marjolijn J. L. , van Kessel Ad Geurts , Kuiper Roland P. , Hoogerbrugge Nicoline 
Published: April 2010

AbstractNoonan Syndrome (NS) is an autosomal dominant condition characterized by short stature, facial dysmorphisms, and congenital heart defects, and is caused by mutations in either PTPN11, KRAS, NRAS, SHOC2, RAF1, or SOS1. Furthermore, NS is known for its predisposition to develop cancer, particularly hematological malignancies and specific solid tumors, mainly neuroblastoma and embryonal rhabdomyosacroma (ERMS). Until recently, however, cancer predisposition in NS patients with SOS1 mutations was not reported. Here we present a NS patient with a de novo germline SOS1 mutation (p.Lys728Ile) and ERMS. This heterozygous germline mutation was homozygously present in the ERMS of this patient due to an acquired uniparental disomy (UPD) of chromosome 2. In addition, several other chromosomal aberrations were encountered, some of which are known to recurrently occur in ERMS. Sequence analysis of the SOS1 gene in 20 sporadic ERMS tumors failed to reveal any pathogenic mutations, implicating that SOS1 is not a major player in the development of this tumor outside the context of NS. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MDM2 gene amplification in colorectal cancer is associated with disease progression at the primary site, but inversely correlated with distant metastasis
Authors: Sugano Nobuhiro , Suda Tetsuji , Godai Ten‐I , Tsuchida Kazuhito , Shiozawa Manabu , Sekiguchi Hironobu , Yoshihara Mitsuyo , Matsukuma Shoichi , Sakuma Yuji , Tsuchiya Eiju , Kameda Yoichi , Akaike Makoto , Miyagi Yohei 
Published: April 2010

AbstractMDM2 is a crucial negative regulator of the TP53 tumor suppressor and almost 10% of human tumors exhibit MDM2 amplification. Although TP53 pathway perturbation has been extensively examined in colorectal cancer (CRC), only one previous report has evaluated MDM2 amplification in relation to clinicopathological factors. In that report, MDM2 amplification was shown to be associated with disease progression from Dukes' Stages A to D. In this study, we investigated MDM2 amplification by quantitative PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) together with the SNP309 genotypes, and analyzed the correlations with TP53 and KRAS mutations and clinicopathological features in 211 Japanese CRC patients. MDM2 amplification was detected in 8% of the specimens and its incidence was significantly higher in Dukes' stage C than in the combined earlier Stages A and B (P = 0.025). Unexpectedly, the incidence was significantly decreased in Stage D metastatic disease (P = 0.043). The copy number gain ranged from four to eight copies and was generally concordant with gain of centromere 12 using FISH analysis. Together with the results of centromere 1 FISH and TP53 copy number assessment, the MDM2 increment most likely resulted from chromosome 12 gain. The mechanism of the copy number gain and incidence in Dukes' Stage D differed considerably from the previous report. Ethnic or geographic factors could be responsible for these differences. Several promising therapeutic strategies targeting the TP53‐MDM2 system are being developed. Further understanding of the significance of MDM2 and MDM2 amplification in CRC is required to facilitate personalized treatment for CRC patients.© 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Maturational dynamics of hippocampal place cells in immature rats
Authors: Scott Rod C. , Richard Gregory R. , Holmes Gregory L. , Lenck‐Santini Pierre‐Pascal 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe ontogeny of neural substrates underlying episodic memory is not well described. Place cells are a surrogate for episodic memory and are important for spatial navigation in rodents. Although place cells are well described in mature brains, the nature of the maturation processes remains uncertain. We now report on the ontogeny of the place cell system in rats between P22 and P43, a time during which there is rapid improvement in spatial behavior. We found that place cells with adult like firing fields were observed at the earliest ages. However, at this age, adult like place cells were few in number and their place fields were not stable across multiple exposures to the same environment. Independently of confounding factors such as the number of exposures to the environment, the proportion of adult‐like place cells, their firing rate, and their stability increased with age and the average spatial signal of all pyramidal cells improved. These findings could account for the poor spatial behavior observed at young ages (P20–P30) and suggests that a small number of adult‐like place cells are insufficient to support navigation. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Numerical simulation of heat transfer and fluid flow over two rotating circular cylinders at low Reynolds number
Authors: Pavlovich Moshkin Nikolay , Sompong Jakgrit 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis paper presents a numerical investigation of the characteristics of two‐dimensional heat transfer in a steady laminar flow around two rotating circular cylinders in a side‐by‐side arrangement. The simulation is validated by comparing our computational results for the large gap‐spacing between cylinder surfaces with the available numerical and experimental data for a single cylinder. Numerical simulations were carried out for the Reynolds number range 10≤Re ≤40, for the Prandtl number range 0.7≤Pr ≤50, and for a variety of absolute rotational speeds (|α|≤2.5) at different gap spacings. The study revealed that for the range of parameters considered the rate of heat transfer decreases with the increasing speed of rotation. An increase of the Prandtl number resulted in an increase in the average Nusselt number. The streamlines and isotherms are plotted for a numbers of cases to show the details of the velocity and thermal fields. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20293
Lichens and mosses moisture content assessment through high‐spectral resolution remote sensing technology: a case study of the Hudson Bay Lowlands, Canada
Authors: Neta T. , Cheng Q. , Bello R. L. , Hu B. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAssessing moisture contents of lichens and mosses using ground‐based high‐spectral resolution spectrometers offers immense opportunities for a comprehensive monitoring of peatland moisture status by satellite/airborne imagery. This study investigates the impact of various moisture conditions of common subarctic lichen and moss species upon the spectral signatures obtained. The lichens are Cladina stellaris and Cladina rangiferina, and the mosses are Dicranum elongatum and Tomenthypnum nitens. Reflectance and moisture content measurements of these species were made in a laboratory setting, while maintaining the natural moisture conditions of the samples; once the moisture and spectral measurements were complete, the samples were returned to the field and placed in their natural setting, continuously receiving moisture from precipitation and groundwater and losing water through evaporation and drainage. Changes in reflectance of the visible to shortwave infrared (SWIR) range (400–2500 nm) at various moisture contents were examined, as well as the potential of current spectral reflectance indices to evaluate the plants' moisture contents was examined. Results indicate that the SWIR region is useful in identifying variations in plants moisture conditions, while the unique spectral signatures of the lichens and mosses in the visible and near‐infrared range suggest that these species may be detected by satellite and airborne imagery. Of current spectral indices, the normalized difference infrared index (NDII) was most successful in identifying the above plants' moisture content (details are discussed in the paper). Future study should focus on the development of improved moisture content spectral indices, as well as upscaling reflectance data and spectral indices. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Review of thin-layer placement applications to enhance natural recovery of contaminated sediment
Authors: Merritt Karen A , Conder Jason , Kirtay Victoria , Chadwick D Bart , Magar Victor 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This article provides a review of thin-layer placement applications to enhance the natural recovery of contaminated sediment. Three principal case studies are presented in which thin-layer placement has been implemented as a component of enhanced monitored natural recovery (EMNR). EMNR is defined as the application of engineered means such as thin-layer placement or broadcasting of capping material to accelerate natural recovery processes in locations not appropriate for application of monitored natural recovery (MNR) alone. Case studies examine factors affecting the implementation of EMNR, including the impact of site conditions on stable and successful thin-layer placement of clean sediment or other capping material, as well as the challenges in development and implementation of monitoring plans that chart progress toward achieving remedy success. Pilot-scale or demonstration studies of thin-layer placement of clean sand or sediment are subsequently assessed to highlight a range of potentially successful strategies for placement and post-placement monitoring. The primary difference between the pilot-scale or demonstration sites and the 3 primary EMNR case studies is that monitoring at the demonstration sites has focused more explicitly on understanding mechanisms of material placement and/or chemical migration, rather than assessing longer-term or more comprehensive remedial action objectives (RAOs) such as reductions in human health or ecological risk. All sites discussed in this review appear to have demonstrated reductions in the surface sediment concentration of at least some chemicals of concern following thin-layer placement; however, the achievement of human and ecological risk reduction has been inconsistent or is still under evaluation. Effective monitoring as an integral component of EMNR continues to represent a challenge. For cap material stability, monitoring typically focuses on surface sediment chemistry and the persistence of the cap material, whereas monitoring of ecological recovery tends to be limited or difficult and is not always correlated with successful placement of the thin-layer, especially in the short term. Recontamination of the newly placed cap material has been a relatively common occurrence in many of the sites considered herein, and has led to exceedance of remedial targets. However, in no case did recontamination return surface sediment chemical concentrations to pre-placement levels. Where the placement of cap material is stable and there is no evidence of chemical migration through the cap, recontamination signals a need to update conceptual site models to better reflect sediment and contaminant transport processes in areas in which EMNR has been implemented. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2010;6:749–760. © 2010 SETAC
Focal modulation microscopy with annular apertures: A numerical study
Authors: Gong Wei , Si Ke , Chen Nanguang , Sheppard Colin J. R. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractImage formation of focal modulation microscopy with annular aperture (AFMM) is presented. The spatial resolution is discussed. Compared with confocal microscopy, AFMM can simultaneously enhance the axial and transverse resolution. By adjusting the width of the annular objective aperture, AFMM can be adjusted from best spatial resolution performance to highest signal level. The capability of background rejection is also investigated, showing AFMM has the potential to further increase the imaging penetration depth. Finally, an optimal configuration of AFMM is elaborated. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Eating Disorder symptomatology: prevalence among Latino college freshmen students
Authors: Reyes‐Rodríguez Mae Lynn , Franko Debra L. , Matos‐Lamourt Anguelique , Bulik Cynthia M. , Von Holle Ann , Cámara‐Fuentes Luis R. , Rodríguez‐Angleró Dianisa , Cervantes‐López Sarah , Suárez‐Torres Alba 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis study investigated the prevalence of eating disorder symptoms in first‐year students at the University of Puerto Rico. Responses to the Bulimia Test Revised (BULIT‐R), the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT‐26), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were analyzed in a sample of 2,163 freshman students. The percentage of students at or above the clinical cut‐off points was 3.24% for the BULIT‐R and 9.59% for the EAT‐26, and 1.88% met the cut‐off point for both instruments. The 36.44% of the students who screen positive on eating disorders measures scored 18 or more on the BDI and 5.93% on this group presented high suicidal risk based on their responses to BDI items assessing suicidal thoughts. Eating disorder symptoms occur frequently in Puerto Rican college students, and prevention, detection, and treatment efforts are needed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 66:1–14, 2010.
Discrepancies between adolescent, mother, and father reports of adolescent internalizing symptom levels and their association with parent symptoms
Authors: Hughes Elizabeth K. , Gullone Eleonora 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDiscrepancies among informants on measures of internalizing symptoms in children and adolescents are common in the literature. One reason proposed for such discrepancies is that psychopathology may distort or bias third‐party reports. In the present study, measures of adolescent internalizing symptom levels were completed by adolescents aged 13 to 18 years and their mothers and fathers. Parents also completed measures of their own depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. Parent symptoms explained a small amount of variance in discrepancies between informants. Specifically, mothers' depression and stress symptoms were associated with discrepancies regarding sons' symptomatology and fathers' anxiety and stress symptoms were associated with discrepancies regarding daughters' symptomatology. Implications of informant discrepancies for both clinical practice and research are discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: 66: 1–18, 2010.
Background determination‐based detection of scattered peaks
Authors: Stroebel Armin , Welzel Oliver , Kornhuber Johannes , Groemer Teja W. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn many instances of signal and image processing, it is indispensable to precisely distinguish scattered peaks from a background, e.g., camera signals in microscopy. Here we addressed the detection of Gaussian signals in simulated line profiles (LP) comparable with e.g., fluorescence microscopy data. In a first step, we measured the applicability of histogram‐based global background estimation. We find that the method is valid for typical scattered Gaussian signals if they are averagely separated by interpeak distances of 5.5 standard deviations. This enabled us to design global background determination‐based peak detection (GBPD). GBPD was compared with two local background determination‐based signal detection methods that had been designed for analysis of electrophysiological data andmicroscopy images, respectively. We were able to prove via receiver–operator characteristic (ROC) comparisons of signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), interpeak distance, and filtering behavior that, when applicable, GBPD brings advantages in knowledge needed a priori, performance at any SNR, controllability and spatial resolution. Microsc. Res. Tech. 73:1115–1122, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional HIV‐2‐ and SIVsmmPBj‐ derived lentiviral vectors generated by a novel polymerase chain reaction‐based approach
Authors: Kloke Björn‐Philipp , Schüle Silke , Mühlebach Michael D. , Wolfrum Nina , Cichutek Klaus , Schweizer Matthias 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackgroundLentiviral vectors allow stable gene transfer into nonreplicating cells and are increasingly used in clinical gene therapy approaches. Vectors derived from different origins can show distinct target cell transduction properties. Therefore, the construction of modern vector systems of different viral origin remains desirable. The generation of safe and efficient lentivirus‐derived transfer vectors by gradual enhancing cloning steps is a time‐consuming process that depends on the presence of suitable restriction sites. Multiple‐step cloning protocols also enhance the risk of acquisition of mutations or other genetic instabilities.MethodsWe constructed novel HIV‐2 and SIVsmmPBj‐derived transfer vectors by amplification of three essential segments of the viral genome [5′‐long terminal repeat (LTR), rev responsive element, ΔU3‐3′‐LTR] on the template of the lentiviral full‐length genome by a highly flexible three‐step fusion polymerase chain reaction approach. Further necessary vector elements, as well as a multiple cloning site, were included into the resulting vector by extension of the primer sequences. The respective vesicular stomatitis virus G pseudotyped lentiviral vector particles were generated and analysed.ResultsTwo novel transfer vectors of different lentiviral origin were successfully generated. Titers for the corresponding SIVsmmPBj‐ and HIV‐2‐derived vectors reached up to 9.9 × 107 transforming units (TU)/ml and 1.2 × 108 TU/ml, respectively. The specific capacity to transduce primary human monocytes was maintained in both newly‐generated vector systems.ConclusionsWe anticipate that this novel and fast way of generating any lentiviral transfer vector will improve the generation of such vectors. The HIV‐2‐ and SIVsmmPBj‐derived vectors described will prove valuable for future gene therapy strategies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Producing Parsons' reputation: Early critiques of Talcott Parsons' social theory and the making of a caricature
Authors: Owens B. Robert 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis article examines the critical responses to Talcott Parsons' first major work,The Structure of Social Action(1937), and his two subsequent books,Toward a General Theory of ActionandThe Social System(both 1951). Because Parsons' work was the subject of such virulent debate, we cannot fully understand Parsons' impact on the discipline of sociology without understanding the source and nature of those early criticisms. I trace the responses to Parsons, first through book reviews and private letters and then in the more substantial statements of C. Wright Mills, George Homans, and Alvin Gouldner, from the largely positive but superficial reception ofStructureto the polemics that followed Parsons' 1951 works. In the late 1930s and 1940s, Parsons' reputation grew steadily but there remained no careful reception ofStructure, fostering resentment toward Parsons in some quarters while precluding a sophisticated understanding of his work. After 1951, a few critics capitalized on that tension, writing sweeping rejections of Parsons' work that spoke to a much broader audience of sociologists. That dynamic, coupled with Parsons' own indifference toward his harshest critics, produced a situation in which many sociologists simply chose not to read Parsons in the 1950s and 1960s, reinforcing a caricature and distorting perceptions of Parsons' place in mid‐twentieth‐century American sociology. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Measurement and decision making at the University of Michigan in the 1950s and 1960s
Authors: Heukelom Floris 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis article explores the emergence of Clyde Coombs' mathematical psychology and Ward Edwards' behavioral decision research at the University of Michigan in the 1950s and 1960s. It shows why and how the mathematical psychological focus on the mathematics of measurement neatly complemented the experimental work on rational human decision making of the behavioral decision researchers. Both understood measurement as the rational decision of a human being between two or more stimuli, or values, and viewed the experimental measurement of actual human decision behavior as a key objective of psychology. For both “measurement theory in psychology [was] behavior theory.” © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fragmentation of negative ions from N‐linked carbohydrates, Part 4. Fragmentation of complex glycans lacking substitution on the 6‐antenna
Authors: Harvey David J. , Jaeken Jaak , Butler Mike , Armitage Alison J. , Rudd Pauline M. , Dwek Raymond A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractNegative ion CID spectra of N‐linked glycans released from glycoproteins contain many ions that are diagnostic for specific structural features such as the detailed arrangement of antennae and the location of fucose residues. Identification of such ions requires reference glycans that are often difficult to acquire in a pure state. The recent acquisition of a sample of N‐glycans from a patient lacking the enzyme N‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase‐2 provided an opportunity to investigate fragmentation of glycans lacking a 6‐antenna. These glycans contained one or two galactose‐N‐acetylglucosamine‐chains attached to the 3‐linked mannose residue of the trimannosyl‐chitobiose core with and without fucose substitution. The spectra from the patient sample clearly defined the antenna distribution and showed striking differences from the spectra of isomeric compounds obtained from normal subjects. Furthermore, they provided additional information on previously identified antenna‐specific fragment ions and indicated the presence of additional ions that were diagnostic of fucose substitution. Glycans obtained from such enzyme‐deficient patients can, thus, be a valuable way of obtaining spectra of specific isomers in a relatively pure state for interpretation of mass spectra. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sex differences in cerebral ischemia: Possible molecular mechanisms
Authors: Siegel Chad , Turtzo Christine , McCullough Louise D. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSex is emerging as an important factor in the etiology and expression of many different pathological conditions, including stroke. Initially, the levels of sex hormones were thought to be the major contributor to these sex differences, especially after puberty, when gonadal steroid levels sharply diverge between the sexes. More recently, it is recognized that sex differences also result from the organizational effects of sex hormone exposure early in development, even in the absence of hormone exposure later in life, as well as effects mediated by the sex chromosomes themselves. Epigenetic modifications of developmental genes important in sexual differentiation and the response to sex steroid hormones are also emerging as another important contributor to sex differences in disease expression. This review describes recent research on the relationship between hormones, organizational‐activational effects of gonadal steroids, and epigenetic modifications in brain pathology, focusing specifically on cerebral ischemia. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.