bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A fictitious energy approach for shape optimization
Authors: Scherer M. , Denzer R. , Steinmann P. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis paper deals with shape optimization of continuous structures. As in early works on shape optimization, coordinates of boundary nodes of the FE‐domain are directly chosen as design variables. Convergence problems and problems with jagged shapes are eliminated by a new regularization technique: an artificial inequality constraint added to the optimization problem limits a fictitious total strain energy that measures the shape change of the design with respect to a reference design. The energy constraint defines a feasible design space whose size can be varied by one parameter, the upper energy limit. By construction, the proposed regularization is applicable to a wide range of problems; although in this paper, the application is restricted to linear elastostatic problems. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computational aspects in 2D SBEM analysis with domain inelastic actions
Authors: Panzeca T. , Terravecchia S. , Zito L. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe Symmetric Boundary Element Method, applied to structures subjected to temperature and inelastic actions, shows singular domain integrals.In the present paper the strong singularity involved in the domain integrals of the stresses and tractions is removed, and by means of a limiting operation, this traction is evaluated on the boundary. First the weakly singular domain integral in the Somigliana Identity (S.I.) of the displacements is regularized and the singular integral is transformed into a boundary one using the Radial Integration Method; subsequently, using the differential operator applied to the displacement field, the S.I. of the tractions inside the body is obtained and through a limit operation its expression is evaluated on the boundary. The latter operation makes it possible to substitute the strongly singular domain integral in a strongly singular boundary one, defined as a Cauchy Principal Value, with which the related free term is associated. The expressions thus obtained for the displacements and the tractions, in which domain integrals are substituted by boundary integrals, were utilized in the Galerkin approach, for the evaluation in closed form of the load coefficients connected to domain inelastic actions.This strategy makes it possible to evaluate the load coefficients avoiding considerable difficulties due to the geometry of the solid analyzed; the obtained coefficients were implemented in the Karnak.sGbem calculus code. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strategic drift in international non‐governmental development organizations—putting strategy in the background of organizational change
Authors: Harris Matthew , Dopson Sue , Fitzpatrick Ray 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAlthough the use of strategic planning has become widespread in INGDOs they have often been accused of strategic drift—continuous change in their strategic directions with plans only loosely coupled to their activities. However, the way that they prioritize their activities, and the reasons why strategic drift occurs has generally escaped in‐depth research. This article draws on detailed, qualitative research of strategic planning meetings at the executive levels in a major INGDO, carried out between July 2006 and December 2007 to identify the reasons why strategic drift occurs and the role of strategic planning. It was found that by deliberately crafting multiple, ambiguous, and ambitious strategies, managers were able to effect organizational change, not by literal strategy implementation, but by using these strategies as metaphors to harness consensus and legitimacy in key stakeholder groups. Senior managers utilize the symbols, language and deliberative arenas of formal strategic planning to effect organizational change; however, strategy, in rational terms, needs to be located in the background for its role to be properly understood. The research unpacks complex decision‐making processes in an INGDO and, contrary to normative literature, recommends that, in order to avoid inflationary planning, managers should not take their strategy literally. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel properties of PES fabrics modified by corona discharge and colloidal TiO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Mihailović Darka , Šaponjić Zoran , Radoičić Marija , Molina Ricardo , Radetić Tamara , Jovančić Petar , Nedeljković Jovan , Radetić Maja 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe objective of this study was to highlight the potential application of the corona discharge at atmospheric pressure for the surface activation of polyester (PES) fabrics in order to improve the binding efficiency of colloidal TiO2 nanoparticles. The obtained nanocomposite textile materials provide desirable level of UV protection, self‐cleaning properties, and photodegradation activity. The measured UV protection factor (UPF) of fabrics corresponds to UPF rating of 50+, designating the maximum UV protection. Additionally, the total photodegradation of methylene blue in aqueous solution was achieved after 24 hr of UV illumination and this capability was preserved and even improved after four repeated cycles. The results showed that the corona treated PES fabrics loaded with TiO2 nanoparticles had considerably enhanced the overall efficiency compared to PES fabrics loaded only with TiO2 nanoparticles. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A validated spectrophotometric method for quantification of prenylated flavanones in pacific propolis from Taiwan
Authors: Popova Milena , Chen Chia‐Nan , Chen Pen‐Yuan , Huang Chung‐Yang , Bankova Vassya 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIntroduction – Because of its chemical diversity, the only way to standardise propolis is to specify multiple standards for different propolis types according to the corresponding chemical profile. So far, this has been done only for European propolis.Objective – To develop a rapid low‐cost spectrophotometric procedure for quantification of bioactive prenylated flavanones in Taiwanese propolis.Methodology – The proposed method quantifies the total flavanones on the basis of their absorption as coloured phenylhydrazones formed by interaction with 2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazine. The procedure was validated through model mixture of compounds representing the composition of Taiwanese propolis according to previous studies. The major flavanones of the propolis samples (propolins C, D, F and G) were quantified by HPLC. Antiradical activity against DPPH was also measured. The DNP (dinitrophenylhydrazine) spectrophotometric method is applied for the first time for quantification of prenylated flavanones.Results – Spectophotometric procedure applicable to new type propolis (Macaranga type) was developed with recovery between 105 and 110% at the concentration range of 0.573–1.791 mg/mL. Six propolis samples were analysed by spectrophotometry using the procedure developed and validated, and by HPLC as the results demonstrated satisfactory agreement. Neither the spectrophotometric data nor the values measured by HPLC showed significant correlation with the antiradical activity against DPPH.Conclusion – The proposed spectrophotometric procedure is useful for routine analyses of Macaranga‐type propolis, because of its simplicity, repeatability and acceptable accuracy. Its application to a number of commercial samples could be used as a basis for standardisation and quality control of Pacific propolis. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Understanding, knowledge and attitudes towards current UK driving advice in insulin treated diabetic patients
Authors: Bodansky DMS , Bodansky HJ 
Published: October 2009

AbstractUK driving licences are issued and controlled by a government body, the DVLA (Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency). Diabetic drivers must inform the DVLA and their motor insurer about their condition. Current advice is to test the capillary blood glucose level before driving. If symptomatic hypoglycaemia occurs during driving, the driver should stop, take carbohydrate, and wait 45 minutes after euglycaemia to allow brain function to recover before driving on. Previous studies have shown that diabetic drivers are good at informing both the DVLA and their insurer, but not good at following advice regarding testing and hypoglycaemia treatment. In order to inform our current education process, this study aimed to explore why drivers do not seem to follow this advice by examining the attitudes of patients and their acceptance of current UK advice for diabetic drivers.Fifty consecutive insulin treated drivers attending a hospital clinic were interviewed over a two‐week period. All 50 agreed to interview; there were 34 men and 16 women, the median age was 49 years (range 19–77 years), and the median diabetes duration was 16 years (one month to 46 years). A questionnaire modified from Graveling et al. to include attitudes and acceptability of current advice was used.Median driving duration was 22 years (four months to 56 years) and annual mileage 500–50 000 miles. Thirty‐six (72%) drove to work by car and 34% (including a lorry driver and a forklift truck driver) drove as part of their job; nine subjects had no period restriction on their licence. Only 34% always carry a blood glucose testing kit with them when driving. Testing before driving was performed: always (20%), long journeys (20%), sometimes (22%), never (38%); however, only 40% admitted to being previously advised to test before each journey. After the advice about testing before driving was explained, 64% thought it was reasonable, but 52% would not accept it. After hypoglycaemia when driving, the subjects reported that they would wait a mean of 25 minutes (5–60) before driving on. Only 10% knew of waiting 45 minutes after hypoglycaemia. After the current advice was explained, 24% found it unreasonable, while 36% would not accept this stricture.Current advice for insulin treated drivers is not widely known. Better education is required. However, when given current advice about testing before each journey and waiting 45 minutes after hypoglycaemia, many patients considered this unreasonable and unacceptable. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons.
The current state of general practicediabetes care in the West of Ireland
Authors: Evans DS , O'Connell E , O'Donnell M , Hurley L , Glacken M , Murphy AW , Dinneen SF 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the care provided to patients with diabetes in general practices in the West of Ireland. A postal questionnaire was sent to all 103 general practices in County Galway. The questionnaire assessed diabetes prevalence and maintenance of a diabetes register, use of guidelines for the care of diabetes, appointments systems and the provision of specialised diabetes clinics in general practice, referrals to the hospital specialist team, and opportunities for developing diabetes care.The response rate was 76%. Mean estimated prevalence of diabetes was 2.7% (range 0.1–9.5%). A diabetes register was maintained by 33% of practices. Diabetes care guidelines were used by 56%. Thirty‐five percent of practices had GP(s) and 33% had practice nurse(s) with a special interest in diabetes. Only 12% had a formal call/recall system with 41% having doctor or nurse initiated diabetes appointments. One in 10 practices reported running specific diabetes clinics.There is considerable scope for development of primary care diabetes services in the West of Ireland. Priority areas include the development and maintenance of diabetes registers, workforce enhancement through staff training in diabetes care and the adoption of best practice guidelines. All of this will require additional resources and incentives for GPs. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons.
Successful treatment of diabetic autonomic diarrhoea with monthly subcutaneous lanreotide
Authors: Ulahannan TJ , Amaratunga A 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA 29‐year‐old woman, with 15 years of poorly controlled type 1 diabetes and established diabetic autonomic diarrhoea, presented with worsening diarrhoea and diabetic ketoacidosis. Frequency of bowel opening was up to 40 times per 24 hours. Octreotide was started, rapidly decreasing bowel motion frequency. Due to previous intolerable side effects of rotten odour breath and flatus, she converted to once‐monthly subcutaneous lanreotide (Somatuline Autogel). Her diarrhoea remained controlled without any side effects, until her demise a year later from severe diabetic ketoacidosis.To our knowledge this is the first published report of the successful treatment of intractable diabetic autonomic diarrhoea by once‐monthly subcutaneous lanreotide. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons.
Severe reversible chorea complicating non‐ketotic hyperglycaemia
Authors: Chikthimmah V , Hopkins C , Wai P , Soh C , Silverdale M 
Published: October 2009

AbstractMovement disorders can manifest as initial presentations in a variety of metabolic and endocrine disorders. Chorea, though rare, has been documented to occur in patients with non‐ketotic hyperglycaemia and usually has a good prognosis once the causal association is recognised and the hyperglycaemia treated. We report the case of an 87‐year‐old lady who presented with chorea complicating non‐ketotic hyperglycaemia, and this was confirmed with MRI brain imaging demonstrating the classical feature of this condition. A high T1‐weighted signal in the putamen is quite characteristic of this condition. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons.
Delivery of U‐500 insulin by CSII in a patient with type 2 diabetes and extreme insulin resistance
Authors: Hundia V , Pettit A , Pope R , Egerton J 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA subset of patients with type 2 diabetes have a more extreme form of insulin resistance. Such patients require in excess of 200 units/day of insulin. The large volume of insulin required can cause problems with absorption and is often painful, affecting patient concordance. These patients often have poor glycaemic control. U‐500 insulin in equivalent doses delivers one‐fifth of the volume of regular U‐100 insulin and can potentially improve glycaemic control. Use of insulin pumps allows continuous infusion of U‐500 insulin resulting in better absorption and ability to deliver larger volumes over a 24‐hour period. There are a few case reports of U‐500 insulin delivered via pump, which have shown improvement in glycaemic control and patients' quality of life.We present a case of extreme insulin resistance in a female patient whose glycaemic control improved remarkably using insulin pump. She also reported subjective improvement in her quality of life. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons.
Versatile substrate protein recognition mechanism of the eukaryotic chaperonin CCT
Authors: Jayasinghe Manori , Tewmey Cody , Stan George 
Published: October 2009

AbstractGroup II chaperonins, found in eukaryotic and archaeal organisms, recognize substrate proteins through diverse mechanisms that involve either hydrophobic‐ or electrostatic‐dominated interactions. This action is distinct from the universal substrate recognition mechanism of group I chaperonins, which bind a wide spectrum of non‐native proteins primarily through hydrophobic interactions. We use computational approaches to pinpoint the substrate protein binding sites of the γ‐subunit of the eukaryotic chaperonin CCT and to identify its interactions with the stringent substrate β‐tubulin. Protein–protein docking methods reveal intrinsic binding sites of CCT comprising a helical (HL) region, homologous to the GroEL‐binding site, and the helical protrusion (HP) region. We performed molecular dynamics simulations of the solvated CCTγ apical domain, β‐tubulin peptide‐CCTγ complexes, and isolated β‐tubulin peptides. We find that tubulin binds to CCTγ through an extensive interface that spans both the HL region and the HP region. HL interactions involve both hydrophobic and electrostatic contacts, while binding to the HP region is stabilized almost exclusively by a salt bridge network. On the basis of additional simulations of a β‐tubulin‐CCTγ complex that involves a reduced interface, centered onto the HP region, we conclude that this salt bridge network is the minimal stabilizing interaction required. Strong conservation of the charged amino acids that participate in the salt bridge network, Arg306 and Glu271, indicates a general mechanism across the nonidentical CCT subunits and group II chaperonins. Proteins 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A model reference robust control with unknown high‐frequency gain sign
Authors: Xu Jiang , Yan Lin , Peng Cheng 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we discuss the model reference robust control (MRRC) for plants with unknown high‐frequency gain sign. Based on an appropriate monitoring function, a switching scheme is proposed so that after a finite number of switching, for plants with relative degree one, the tracking error converges to zero exponentially, while for plants with relative degree greater than one, it converges exponentially to a residual set that can be made arbitrarily small by properly choosing some design parameters. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparative study on a novel model‐based PID tuning and control mechanism for nonlinear systems
Authors: Iplikci S. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis work presents a novel predictive model‐based proportional integral derivative (PID) tuning and control approach for unknown nonlinear systems. For this purpose, an NARX model of the plant to be controlled is obtained and then it used for both PID tuning and correction of the control action. In this study, for comparison, neural networks (NNs) and support vector machines (SVMs) have been used for modeling. The proposed structure has been tested on two highly nonlinear systems via simulations by comparing control and convergence performances of SVM‐ and NN‐Based PID controllers. The simulation results have shown that when used in the proposed scheme, both NN and SVM approaches provide rapid parameter convergence and considerably high control performance by yielding very small transient‐ and steady‐state tracking errors. Moreover, they can maintain their control performances under noisy conditions, while convergence properties are deteriorated to some extent due to the measurement noises. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flexible, Transparent, Conducting Films of Randomly Stacked Graphene from Surfactant‐Stabilized, Oxide‐Free Graphene Dispersions
Authors: De Sukanta , King Paul J. , Lotya Mustafa , O'Neill Arlene , Doherty Evelyn M. , Hernandez Yenny , Duesberg Georg S. , Coleman Jonathan N. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractGraphite is exfoliated in water to give dispersions of mono‐ and few‐layer graphene stabilized by surfactant. These dispersions can be used to form thin, disordered films of randomly stacked, oxide‐free, few‐layer graphenes. These films are transparent with a direct current conductivity of up to 1.5 × 104 S m−1. The conductivity is stable under flexing for at least 2000 cycles. The electrical properties are limited by disorder and aggregation suggesting future routes for improvement.
Lnk Deletion Reinforces the Function of Bone Marrow Progenitors in Promoting Neovascularization and Astrogliosis Following Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Kamei Naosuke , Kwon Sang-Mo , Alev Cantas , Ishikawa Masakazu , Yokoyama Ayumi , Nakanishi Kazuyoshi , Yamada Kiyotaka , Horii Miki , Nishimura Hiromi , Takaki Satoshi , Kawamoto Atsuhiko , Ii Masaaki , Akimaru Hiroshi , Tanaka Nobuhiro , Nishikawa Shin-Ichi , Ochi Mitsuo , Asahara Takayuki 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Lnk is an intracellular adaptor protein reported as a negative regulator of proliferation in c-Kit positive, Sca-1 positive, lineage marker-negative (KSL) bone marrow cells. The KSL fraction in mouse bone marrow is believed to represent a population of hematopoietic and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). We report here that, in vitro, Lnk−/− KSL cells form more EPC colonies than Lnk+/+ KSL cells and show higher expression levels of endothelial marker genes, including CD105, CD144, Tie-1, and Tie2, than their wild-type counterparts. In vivo, the administration of Lnk+/+ KSL cells to a mouse spinal cord injury model promoted angiogenesis, astrogliosis, axon growth, and functional recovery following injury, with Lnk−/− KSL being significantly more effective in inducing and promoting these regenerative events. At day 3 following injury, large vessels could be observed in spinal cords treated with KSL cells, and reactive astrocytes were found to have migrated along these large vessels. We could further show that the enhancement of astrogliosis appears to be caused in conjunction with the acceleration of angiogenesis. These findings suggest that Lnk deletion reinforces the commitment of KSL cells to EPCs, promoting subsequent repair of injured spinal cord through the acceleration of angiogenesis and astrogliosis.
Question Classification for Chinese Cuisine Question Answering System
Authors: Xia Ling , Teng Zhi , Ren Fuji 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis paper presents an integrated method on question classification for Chinese cuisine question answering (QA) system. First, we exploit the domain knowledge to enrich question preprocessing, then classification features are extracted by means of domain attributes and the rule‐based classifier is constructed. Support vector machine (SVM) classifier is used for secondary classification to the questions which cannot be matched with rules. A prototype system based on the proposed method has been constructed and an experiment on 453 natural language questions collected from Internet has been carried out. It achieved an accuracy of 96.22%. Result shows that a small number of linguistically motivated domain features can efficiently classify questions of Chinese cuisine QA system. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Extraction of Stimulus‐Selective Intrinsic Optical Signals From the Cat Visual Cortex
Authors: Nagai Midori , Wang Gang 
Published: October 2009

AbstractOptical imaging based on intrinsic optical signals has been widely utilized in studies on the functional organization of various areas of the brain. Because of the small size of the optical signals and the large amount of background noise that is present, it is critical to be able to separate the stimulus‐driven optical change from the background. In this study, we propose a novel method and apply it to the analysis of the orientation preference structure in cat area 17. The three criteria used to determine the activation included the amplitude of the optical change in the optical intensity, the statistical significance level of the change, and the temporal relationship between the optical change and the visual stimulation. In the activated region extracted by the new method, 82.4 ± 8.2% of the cells were electrophysiologically responsive to the stimuli that evoked the optical change. This was significantly higher than the 46.4 ± 7.1% value obtained when the activation region was extracted by the most widely used method, i.e. a differential map between two complementary stimuli, such as orthogonal orientations. Our newly proposed method provides a robust and an effective way to reduce manual operations used in the signal extraction process. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.