bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Femtosecond laser microstructuring of zirconia dental implants
Authors: Delgado‐Ruíz R. A. , Calvo‐Guirado J. L. , Moreno P. , Guardia J. , Gomez‐Moreno G. , Mate‐Sánchez J. E. , Ramirez‐Fernández P. , Chiva F. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis study evaluated the suitability of femtosecond laser for microtexturizing cylindrical zirconia dental implants surface. Sixty‐six cylindrical zirconia implants were used and divided into three groups: Control group (with no laser modification), Group A (microgropored texture), and Group B (microgrooved texture). Scanning electron microscopy observation of microgeometries revealed minimal collateral damage of the original surface surrounding the treated areas. Optical interferometric profilometry showed that ultrafast laser ablation increased surface roughness (Ra, Rq, Rz, and Rt) significantly for both textured patterns from 1.2× to 6×‐fold when compared with the control group (p < 0.005). With regard to chemical composition, microanalysis revealed a significant decrease of the relative content of contaminants like carbon (Control 19.7% ± 0.8% > Group B 8.4% ± 0.42% > Group A 1.6% ± 0.35%) and aluminum (Control 4.3% ± 0.9% > Group B 2.3% ± 0.3% > Group A 1.16% ± 0.2%) in the laser‐treated surfaces (p < 0.005). X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectra analysis were carried out to investigate any change in the crystalline structure induced by laser processing. The original predominant tetragonal phase of zirconia was preserved, whereas the traces of monoclinic phase present in the treated surfaces were reduced (Control 4.32% > Group A 1.94% > Group B 1.72%) as the surfaces were processed with ultrashort laser pulses. We concluded that femtosecond laser microstructuring offers an interesting alternative to conventional surface treatments of zirconia implants as a result of its precision and minimal damage of the surrounding areas. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2011.
More forearm fractures among urban than rural women: The NOREPOS study based on the Tromsø study and the HUNT study
Authors: Omsland Tone K , Ahmed Luai Awad , Grønskag Anna , Schei Berit , Emaus Nina , Langhammer Arnulf , Joakimsen Ragnar M , Jørgensen Lone , Søgaard Anne Johanne , Gjesdal Clara G , Meyer Haakon E 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Higher rates of hip fracture and all fractures combined have been observed in urban compared with rural areas, but whether there are urban-rural differences in distal forearm fracture rates is less studied. The aim of this longitudinal study was to compare the incidence of forearm fracture in postmenopausal women in urban and rural areas in Norway and to investigate risk factors that could explain potential fracture differences. The study included data from 11,209 women aged 65 years or more who participated in two large health studies, the Tromsø Health Study in 1994–1995 and the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study in 1995–1997. Forearm bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by single-energy X-ray absorptiometry in a subsample of women (n = 7333) at baseline. All women were followed with respect to hospital-verified forearm fractures (median follow-up 6.3 years). A total of 9249 and 1960 women lived in areas classified as rural and urban, respectively. Urban women had an increased forearm fracture risk [relative risk (RR) = 1.29, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09–1.52] compared with women in rural areas. Rural women had higher body mass index (BMI) than urban women, and the RR was moderately reduced to 1.21 (95% CI 1.02–1.43) after BMI adjustments. Rural women had the highest BMD. In the subgroup with measured BMD, adjustments for BMD changed the urban versus rural RR from 1.21 (95% CI 0.96–1.52) to 1.05 (95% CI 0.83–1.32), suggesting that BMD is an important explanatory factor. In conclusion, higher rates of forearm fractures was found in urban compared with rural women. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Thermal oxidation of iron nanoparticles and its implication for chemical‐looping combustion
Authors: Wen Dongsheng , Song Pengxiang , Zhang Kai , Qian Jin 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Chemical looping combustion (CLC) is a promising environmentally friendly technology in which the greenhouse gas CO2 can be readily separated at high‐purity, therefore providing an effective method of carbon capture. Its performance, however, is limited by the kinetics of oxidation of the oxygen carrier, whose size is typically in the range of micrometers to millimetres. This paper reports a new idea using metallic nanoparticles as potential oxygen carriers to improve the performance of chemical looping combustion.RESULTS: A detailed experimental study of the heating and oxidation of iron nanoparticles in a simultaneous TGA/DSC system was conducted. Kinetic analysis revealed improved reactivity of iron nanoparticles, as shown by a reduction in the activation energy, which is highly dependent upon the conversion ratio. The implication and potential application of nanoscale metallic nanoparticles as oxygen carriers in CLC are discussed.CONCLUSION: Compared with conventional sized iron particles, the reduction of particle size to nanoscale can offer a number of advantages, such as increased reactivity, reduced mass resistance and enhanced heat transfer, however, a number of practical factors associated with increased specific surface area need to be assessed carefully. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Hodgkin disease risk: Role of genetic polymorphisms and gene–gene interactions in inflammation pathway genes
Authors: Monroy Claudia M. , Cortes Andrea C. , Lopez Mirtha S. , D'Amelio Anthony M. , Etzel Carol J. , Younes Anas , Strom Sara S. , El‐Zein Randa A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractInflammation is a critical component of cancer development. The clinical and pathological features of Hodgkin disease (HD) reflect an abnormal immunity that results from cytokines secreted by Reed–Sternberg cells and the surrounding tumor. Numerous studies have reported the association between genetic polymorphisms in cytokine genes and the susceptibility to different hematologic cancers. However, the effects of such SNPs on modulating HD risk have not yet been investigated. We hypothesized that gene–gene interactions between candidate genes in the anti‐ and pro‐inflammatory pathways carrying suspicious polymorphisms may contribute to susceptibility to HD. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a study on 200 HD cases and 220 controls to assess associations between HD risk and 38 functional SNPs in inflammatory genes. We evaluated potential gene–gene interactions using a multi‐analytic strategy combining logistic regression, multi‐factor dimensionality reduction, and classification and regression tree (CART) approaches. We observed that, in combination, allelic variants in the COX2, IL18, ILR4, and IL10 genes modify the risk for developing HD. Moreover, the cumulative genetic risk score (CGRS) revealed a significant trend where the risk for developing HD increases as the number of adverse alleles in the cytokine genes increase. These findings support the notion that epigenetic‐interactions between these cytokines may influence pathogenesis of HD modulating the proliferation of regulatory T cells. In this way, the innate and adaptative immune responses may be altered and defy their usual functions in the host anti‐tumor response. Our study is the first to report the association between polymorphisms in inflammation genes and HD susceptibility risk. Mol. Carcinog. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
UVB‐irradiation regulates VLA‐4‐mediated melanoma cell adhesion to endothelial VCAM‐1 under flow conditions
Authors: Wang Lei , Shirure Venktesh S. , Burdick Monica M. , Wu Shiyong 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe major aspect contributing to the mortality of melanoma is its ability to spread, or metastasize. Ultraviolet B light (UVB) is considered an indirect cause of melanoma formation. However, little is known about the potential effects of UVB to melanoma metastasis. Integrins, a large family of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) expressed on the melanoma cell surface, are important for cell signaling, growth, and migration during metastasis. Most critically, tumor cell tissue invasion is dependent on the initial interaction of tumor cells with vascular endothelium at the target organ, and there is increasing evidence for a prominent role of melanoma very late antigen‐4 (VLA‐4) integrin binding to its endothelial ligand vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1) in this process. This research focuses on the quantitative modulation of VLA‐4 integrin expression and function on melanoma cells after UVB irradiation. The present data show that at 3, 12, and 18 h post‐UVB irradiation, VLA‐4 expression was unchanged relative to untreated cells, but adhesion to VCAM‐1 decreased significantly. Immunofluorescence studies implied that the spatial organization of VLA‐4 on the melanoma cell surface contributed to the changes in avidity for VCAM‐1 upon UVB irradiation. With increased understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying melanoma–endothelial interactions upon UVB irradiation, clinical advances for melanoma may be developed. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Growing exports by signaling product quality: Trade competition and the cross‐national diffusion of ISO 9000 quality standards
Authors: Cao Xun , Prakash Aseem 
Published: November 2010

AbstractTrade policy is an important topic in global public policy. It is recognized that trade is hampered when buyers have incomplete information about the offered products, a problem accentuated in the international markets by the physical and cultural distances between buyers and sellers. Buyers look for proxies to assess product quality, and exporters that can provide assurance about quality gain a competitive advantage. Our paper focuses on voluntary or private regulatory programs that have emerged as important instruments to correct policy failures. We examine how trade competition motivates firms to signal quality by joining ISO 9000, the most widely adopted voluntary quality certification program in the world. Methodologically, our study is novel because we observe trade competition at the bilateral and the sectoral levels. Structural equivalence, the measure of competition we introduce in this paper, captures competitive threats posed by actors that export similar products to the same overseas markets. We study ISO 9000 adoption levels from 1993 to 2002 for 134 countries, and separately for non‐OECD countries and non‐EU countries. Across a variety of specifications, we find that trade competition drives ISO adoption: The uptake of ISO 9000 is encouraged by ISO 9000 adoption by firms located in countries that are “structurally equivalent” trade competitors. Given that information problems about product quality are likely to be more salient for developing country exporters, we find that trade competition offers a stronger motivation for ISO 9000 adoption in non‐OECD countries in relation to developed countries. © 2010 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.
Tumor‐initiating cells and tumor vascularization
Authors: Zhang Li‐Zhi , Zhang Chang‐Qing , Yan Zhen‐Yu , Yang Qing‐Cheng , Jiang Yao , Zeng Bing‐Fang 
Published: November 2010

AbstractTumor‐initiating cells (TICs) with stem‐like cell properties initiate and sustain progressive growth, resulting in a heterogeneous tumor mass. The survival and growth of tumors rely on the development of a vasculature to provide nutrients and oxygen. Crosstalk between TICs and vascularization may be one of the central players in the initiation, long‐term maintenance, and progression of tumors. This review surveys current evidence concerning the crosstalk that occurs in tumor/stromal interactions, including genetic change, vascular niche, hypoxia, and dormancy of tumors. A better understanding of this crosstalk might help provide the basis for developing more effective therapeutic drug targets. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56:335–340. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preparation of high molecular weight polybenzoxazine prepolymers containing siloxane unites and properties of their thermosets
Authors: Takeichi Tsutomu , Kano Takuya , Agag Tarek , Kawauchi Takehiro , Furukawa Nobuyuki 
Published: November 2010

AbstractHigh‐molecular‐weight polybenzoxazine prepolymers containing polydimethylsiloane unit in the main‐chain have been synthesized from α,ω‐bis(aminopropyl)polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) (molecular weight = 248, 850, and 1622) and bisphenol‐A with formaldehyde. Moreover, another type of prepolymers was prepared using methylenedianiline (MDA) as codiamine with PDMS. The weight average molecular weight of the obtained prepolymers was estimated from size exclusion chromatography to be in the range of 8000–11,000. The chemical structures of the prepolymers were investigated by 1H NMR and IR analyses. The prepolymers gave transparent free standing films by casting their dioxane solution. The prepolymer films after thermally cured up to 240 °C gave brown colored transparent and flexible polybenzoxazine films. Tensile test of the films revealed that the elongation at break increased with increasing the molecular weight of PDMS unit. Dynamic mechanical analysis of the thermosets showed that the Tgs were as high as 238–270 °C. The thermosets also revealed high thermal stability as evidenced by the 5% weight loss temperatures in the range of 324–384 °C from thermogravimetic analysis. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010
Synthesis and characterization of fluorescent copolymer containing rare earth metal complex and its interaction with DNA
Authors: Hu Xiao‐Xi , Li Peng‐Hui , Yeung Kelvin W. K. , Chu Paul K. , Wu Shui‐Lin , Xu Zu‐Shun 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA complex of Eu3+, acrylic acid (AA), and 1, 10‐phenanthroline (Phen) was synthesized. The structure and fluorescence of Eu(AA)3Phen was characterized with elemental analysis, FTIR, 1H NMR, and fluorescence spectroscopy. A novel copolymer containing rare earth complex, poly(PEGMA‐co‐NIPAm‐co‐Eu(AA)3Phen) (PPNEu), was prepared by free radical copolymerization in methanol with azodiisobutyronitrile as initiator. 1H NMR, fluorescence spectroscopy, UV‐vis spectroscopy, and TEM were used to characterize this copolymer. The interaction of PPNEu with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was studied by fluorescence spectroscopy, UV‐vis spectroscopy and agarose gel electrophoresis. The results of fluorescence, UV‐vis absorption, and agarose electrophoresis indicated that the PPNEu could interact with DNA in an electrostatic bonding mode. The TEM observation showed that the PPNEu could form spherical micelles in water solution small than 100 nm; the efficient complexation of PPNEu with DNA occurred. These results suggested the potential of the PPNEu as gene detective reagent and gene delivery carrier. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010
Ingested RNA interference for managing the populations of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata
Authors: Zhu Fang , Xu Jingjing , Palli Roshan , Ferguson Joseph , Palli Subba R 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: RNA interference (RNAi) is a breakthrough technology for conducting functional genomics studies and also as a potential tool for crop protection against insect pests. The major challenge for efficient pest control using RNAi in the field is the development of efficient and reliable methods for production and delivery of double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA). In this paper, the potential of feeding dsRNA expressed in bacteria or synthesized in vitro to manage populations of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (CPB), was investigated.RESULTS: Feeding RNAi successfully triggered the silencing of all five target genes tested and caused significant mortality and reduced body weight gain in the treated beetles. This study provides the first example of an effective RNAi response in insects after feeding dsRNA produced in bacteria.CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the efficient induction of RNAi using bacteria to deliver dsRNA is a possible method for management of CPB. This could be also a promising bioassay approach for genome‐wide screens to identify effective target genes for use as novel RNAi‐based insecticides. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Impact of T‐gate electrode on gate capacitance in In0.7Ga0.3As HEMTs
Authors: Akagawa Keisuke , Fukuda Shunsuke , Suemitsu Tetsuya , Otsuji Taiichi , Yokohama Hideo , Araki Gako 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe intrinsic and parasitic gate capacitance of In0.7Ga0.3As‐channel high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) are estimated by the gate delay analysis. We prepared 80‐nm InGaAs HEMTs with different geometry of T‐gate electrodes to discuss how the T‐gate electrode affects parasitic gate delay. The results indicate that the both of the top part and stem of the T‐gate electrode has an influence on the cutoff frequency of 80‐nm‐gate HEMTs and in total the parasitic gate delay caused by the T‐gate electrode is more than half of the total gate delay. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Co‐ordination alignments at the vicinity of the dopant Cr ions in AlN
Authors: Emura Shuichi , Kimura Shigeya , Tokuda Katsuhiko , Tambo Hiroyuki , Hasegawa Shigehiko , Asahi Hajime 
Published: November 2010

AbstractLocal configuration around the Cr ion site in AlCrN is surveyed by the analysis of X‐ray absorption fine structure at the Cr K‐edge. It is found that the high concentration doping of the Cr ions at usual growth temperature (700 °C) for GaN lets the Cr ions to segregate as Cr metal nano‐clusters, which is different from the ordinary second phase found in GaCrN and InCrN with rather high concentration of the dopant, where the Cr ions are nucleated in the form of CrN clusters. On the other hand, the low temperature growth mode at 540 °C places the Cr ions onto the Al lattice site substitutionally. The Cr metal formation mechanism is qualitatively discussed (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The small subunit processome in ribosome biogenesis—progress and prospects
Authors: Phipps Kathleen R. , Charette J. Michael , Baserga Susan J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe small subunit (SSU) processome is a 2.2‐MDa ribonucleoprotein complex involved in the processing, assembly, and maturation of the SSU of eukaryotic ribosomes. The identities of many of the factors involved in SSU biogenesis have been elucidated over the past 40 years. However, as our understanding increases, so do the number of questions about the nature of this complicated process. Cataloging the components is the first step toward understanding the molecular workings of a system. This review will focus on how identifying components of ribosome biogenesis has led to the knowledge of how these factors, protein and RNA alike, associate with one another into subcomplexes, with a concentration on the small ribosomal subunit. We will also explore how this knowledge of subcomplex assembly has informed our understanding of the workings of the ribosome synthesis system as a whole. WIREs RNA 2011 2 1–21 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.57This article is categorized under:

RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA–Protein Complexes
Translation > Ribosome Biogenesis
RNA Processing > rRNA Processing
Common genetic and environmental contributions to post-traumatic stress disorder and alcohol dependence in young women
Authors: Sartor C. E. , McCutcheon V. V. , Pommer N. E. , Nelson E. C. , Grant J. D. , Duncan A. E. , Waldron M. , Bucholz K. K. , Madden P. A. F. , Heath A. C. 
Published: November 2010

BackgroundThe few genetically informative studies to examine post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol dependence (AD), all of which are based on a male veteran sample, suggest that the co-morbidity between PTSD and AD may be attributable in part to overlapping genetic influences, but this issue has yet to be addressed in females.MethodData were derived from an all-female twin sample (n=3768) ranging in age from 18 to 29 years. A trivariate genetic model that included trauma exposure as a separate phenotype was fitted to estimate genetic and environmental contributions to PTSD and the degree to which they overlap with those that contribute to AD, after accounting for potential confounding effects of heritable influences on trauma exposure.ResultsAdditive genetic influences (A) accounted for 72% of the variance in PTSD; individual-specific environmental (E) factors accounted for the remainder. An AE model also provided the best fit for AD, for which heritability was estimated to be 71%. The genetic correlation between PTSD and AD was 0.54.ConclusionsThe heritability estimate for PTSD in our sample is higher than estimates reported in earlier studies based almost exclusively on an all-male sample in which combat exposure was the precipitating traumatic event. However, our findings are consistent with the absence of evidence for shared environmental influences on PTSD and, most importantly, the substantial overlap in genetic influences on PTSD and AD reported in these investigations. Additional research addressing potential distinctions by gender in the relative contributions of genetic and environmental influences on PTSD is merited.
The good, the true, and the beautiful: toward a unified account of great meaning in life
Authors: METZ THADDEUS 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThree of the great sources of meaning in life are the good, the true, and the beautiful, and I aim to make headway on the grand Enlightenment project of ascertaining what, if anything, they have in common. Concretely, if we take a (stereotypical) Mother Teresa, Mandela, Darwin, Einstein, Dostoyevsky, and Picasso, what might they share that makes it apt to deem their lives to have truly mattered? I provide reason to doubt two influential answers, noting a common flaw that supernaturalism and consequentialism share. I instead develop their most plausible rival, a naturalist and non-consequentialist account of what enables moral achievement, intellectual reflection, and aesthetic creation to confer great meaning on a person's life, namely, the idea that they do so insofar as a person transcends an aspect of herself in some substantial way. I criticize several self-transcendence theories that contemporary philosophers have advanced, before presenting a new self-transcendence view and defending it as the most promising.
Re-Democratizing the Progressive Era: The Politics of Progressive Era Political Historiography
Authors: Johnston Robert D. 
Published: November 2010

When historians fight about Progressivism — and fight they do — they are not just arguing about events of a century ago. They are also struggling over the basic meanings of American democracy. If we could face this fact more directly, and begin to come to grips with the stakes involved, we would not only advance the study of the past but, even in some small and indirect ways, we might improve the practice of our current politics as well.Politicians standing at the center of our nation's democratic dramas recognize, even if often without nuance, the value of reclaiming the Progressive Era. Cheerfully blurring historical distinctions, Bill Clinton announced as he left office, “I always felt that the work we did the last eight years made us the heir of Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson.” In turn, Al Gore's communications director saw his candidate's “message more in the tradition of progressives such as Theodore Roosevelt, who confronted powerful trusts, rather than the populists who railed broadly against elites of all stripes.” Several years earlier the vice-president's main Democratic opponent, Bill Bradley, wrote, “I've always admired the progressives, such as Teddy Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson, who enabled the private sector to flourish but in a way more responsive to national purpose.”