bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cell death in the neighbourhood: direct microenvironmental effects of apoptosis in normal and neoplastic tissues
Authors: Gregory Christopher D , Pound John D 
Published: September 2010

AbstractHere we consider the impact of the physiological cell‐death programme on normal tissue homeostasis and on disease pathogenesis, with particular reference to evolution and progression of neoplasia. We seek to describe the direct contributions played by apoptosis in creating the microenvironments of normal and malignant tissues and to discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying the elements of the ‘3Rs’ that define the meaning of apoptosis: recognition, response, and removal. Apoptotic cells elicit responses in other cell types—both phagocytic and non‐phagocytic—through short‐ and long‐range signalling modes that range from direct contact to intercellular communication via membrane‐bound microparticles. Such cellular responses include migration, proliferation, and differentiation, as well as production of immunomodulatory and anti‐inflammatory mediators together with, in the case of phagocytes, engulfment, and breakdown of apoptotic cells. In normal tissues, the removal of apoptotic cells is rapid and typically non‐phlogistic. We discuss the importance of this clearance process in tissue homeostasis and the consequences of its failure in disease pathogenesis. Using the typical cell culture environment in vitro as an illustrative example in which apoptosis occurs commonly in the absence of the removal mechanisms, we also discuss the inhibitory effects of persistent apoptotic cells on their otherwise viable neighbours. Since apoptosis is a common and sustained event in high‐grade malignancies, we hypothesize on its purposeful role in conditioning the tumour microenvironment. We propose that apoptosis subserves several pro‐tumour functions—trophic, anti‐inflammatory, and immunomodulatory—and we identify strategies targeting host responses to apoptotic cells as promising modes of future therapies that could be applied to multiple cancer types in which tumour‐cell apoptosis is active. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Current awareness in prenatal diagnosis
Authors:   John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn order to keep subscribers up‐to‐date with the latest developments in their field, John Wiley & Sons are providing a current awareness service in each issue of the journal. The bibliography contains newly published material in the field of prenatal diagnosis. Each bibliography is divided into 22 sections: 1 Reviews; 2 General Interest; 3 Normal Fetal Development; 4 Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis; 5 First Trimester Diagnosis; 6 Second Trimester Diagnosis; 7 Fetal Imaging: General; Ultrasound; MRI; Doppler; 8 Maternal Serum Screening for Aneuploidy; 9 Screening for Carriers of Genetic Abnormality; 10 Molecular Cytogenetics: Metaphase Cytogenetics/FISH; Array CGH; 11 Fetal Cells in Maternal Circulation; 12 Fetal DNA/RNA in Maternal Body Fluids; 13 Fetal Therapy; 14 Psychosocial and Ethical Aspects; 15 Epidemiology and Environmental Factors; 16 Developmental and Placental Pathology; 17 Genetic Counseling. Within each section, articles are listed in alphabetical order with respect to author. If, in the preceding period, no publications are located relevant to any one of these headings, that section will be omitted
Glycemic and weight changes after persistent use of incident oral diabetes therapy: a veterans administration retrospective cohort study
Authors: Huizinga Mary Margaret , Roumie Christianne L. , Greevy Robert A. , Liu Xulei , Murff Harvey J. , Hung Adriana M. , Grijalva Carlos G. , Griffin Marie R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPurposeSystematic reviews have reported that sulfonylureas and metformin were as effective in reducing hemoglobin A1c (A1C) as other oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) in clinical trial populations. Data on comparative effectiveness of OADs in other populations is limited. The objective was to compare the effectiveness of incident OAD regimens in reducing A1C and to compare the effect of OADs on body mass index (BMI).MethodsRetrospective cohort study using data from the Veterans Affairs Mid‐South network (2001–2007). Of 18 205 veterans who filled 19 511 incident OAD prescriptions, 2096 had complete covariates, persisted on their incident treatment for 12 months, and had baseline and 12‐month A1C values. For the BMI analysis, 2484 patients had complete information. Incident OAD regimens included metformin and sulfonylureas. Primary outcomes were 12‐month A1C and BMI, which were compared controlling for demographic characteristics, baseline A1C and BMI, psychiatric diagnoses, and healthcare utilization.ResultsMedian [interquartile range (IQR)] A1C decreased from 7.1% [6.5, 7.8] at baseline to 6.5% [6.0, 7.0] at 12 months. Twelve month‐A1C in sulfonylurea users was similar to metformin users. The median [IQR] BMI decreased from 31.1 [27.8, 34.9] to 30.7 [27.5, 34.5] kg/m2. Sulfonylureas were associated with a significantly higher 12‐month BMI than metformin (12‐month adjusted mean difference: 1.05 kg/m2, 95%CI: 0.90–1.20, p < 0.0001).ConclusionsThese analyses support the use of metformin as first choice of OAD because of similar glycemic control but improved BMI when compared to sulfonylureas. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bilingual school psychologists' assessment practices with English language learners
Authors: O'bryon Elisabeth C. , Rogers Margaret R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis study explored bilingual school psychologists' assessment practices with students identified as English language learners (ELL). One thousand bilingual National Association of School Psychologist members were recruited nationwide, and 276 participated. Among those conducting language proficiency assessments of ELLs, many (58%) use comprehensive methods across four domains of language use. Participants generally use multifaceted assessment approaches and most (84.1%) assess acculturation as part of the assessment battery. Although few use interpreters, those who did reported a mix of best practices and discouraged practices in their use. Multiple regression results showed that engaging in continuing education activities about assessing ELLs predicted “best practices” when assessing language proficiency, selecting and using measures with ELLs with whom they share a second language, and using interpreters. A relationship was also found between engaging in applied preservice training with bilingual supervision and best practice behaviors assessing student acculturation. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Examining the changing landscape of school psychology practice: A survey of school‐based practitioners regarding Response to Intervention
Authors: Sullivan Amanda L. , Long Lori 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAs Response to Intervention (RtI) approaches become more common in educational systems throughout the country, it is increasingly important to identify how practitioners perceive these changes and how they obtain the skills necessary to face emergent roles and responsibilities. In this exploratory study, a national sample of 557 school psychologists were surveyed regarding their training, involvement, and perceptions of RtI. The results indicate that practitioners engage in multiple training experiences via a variety of modalities. Nearly half of respondents reported employment at sites implementing RtI. Practitioners at RtI‐implementing sites reported a greater proportion of their time spent in academic intervention and conducted fewer psychoeducational assessments relative to their peers at non‐RtI‐implementing sites. Although many reported that RtI had positive effects on academic performance, a sizeable proportion of practitioners observed no effect on school culture and climate. Implications for school psychology training and practice are discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluating the quality of psychosocial care in outpatient medical oncology settings using performance indicators
Authors: Jacobsen Paul B. , Shibata David , Siegel Erin M. , Lee Ji‐Hyun , Fulp William J. , Alemany Carlos , Abesada‐Terk Guillermo , Brown Richard , Cartwright Thomas , Faig Douglas , Kim George , Levine Richard , Markham Merry‐Jennifer , Schreiber Fred , Sharp Philip , Malafa Mokenge 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjective: An American Psychosocial Oncology Society workgroup has developed indicators of the quality of psychosocial care that can be measured through review of medical records. The present report describes the first large‐scale use of these indicators to evaluate psychosocial care in outpatient medical oncology settings.Methods: Medical records of 1660 colorectal, breast and non‐small cell cancer patients first seen by a medical oncologist in 2006 at 11 practice sites in Florida were reviewed for performance on indicators of the quality of psychosocial care.Results: Assessment of emotional well‐being was significantly less likely to be documented than assessment of pain (52 vs 87%, p<0.001). A problem with emotional well‐being was documented in 13% of records and evidence of action taken was documented in 58% of these records. Ten of eleven practice sites performed below an 85% threshold on each indicator of psychosocial care. Variability in assessment of emotional‐well being was associated (p<0.02) with practice site and patient gender and age while variability in assessment of pain was associated (p<0.001) with practice site and cancer type.Conclusions: Findings illustrate how use of the psychosocial care indicators permits identification of specific practice sites and processes of care that should be targeted for quality improvement efforts. Additionally, findings demonstrate the extent to which routine assessment of emotional well‐being lags behind routine assessment of pain in cancer patients. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inherited genetic markers discovered to date are able to identify a significant number of men at considerably elevated risk for prostate cancer
Authors: Sun Jielin , Kader A. Karim , Hsu Fang‐Chi , Kim Seong‐Tae , Zhu Yi , Turner Aubrey R. , Jin Tao , Zhang Zheng , Adolfsson Jan , Wiklund Fredrik , Zheng S. Lilly , Isaacs William B. , Grönberg Henrik , Xu Jianfeng 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDProstate cancer (PCa) risk‐associated single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are continuously being discovered. Their ability to identify men at high risk and the impact of increasing numbers of SNPs on predictive performance are not well understood.METHODSAbsolute risk for PCa was estimated in a population‐based case–control study in Sweden (2,899 cases and 1,722 controls) using family history and three sets of sequentially discovered PCa risk‐associated SNPs. Their performance in predicting PCa was assessed by positive predictive values (PPV) and sensitivity.RESULTSSNPs and family history were able to differentiate individual risk for PCa and identify men at higher risk; ∼18% and ∼8% of men in the study had 20‐year (55–74 years) absolute risks that were twofold (0.24) or threefold (0.36) greater than the population median risk (0.12), respectively. When predictive performances were compared at absolute risk cutoffs of 0.12, 0.24, or 0.36, PPV increased considerably (∼20%, ∼30%, and ∼37%, respectively) while sensitivity decreased considerably (∼55%, ∼20%, and ∼10%, respectively). In contrast, when increasing numbers of SNPs (5, 11, and 28 SNPs) were used in risk prediction, PPV approached a constant value while sensitivity increased steadily.CONCLUSIONSSNPs discovered to date are suitable for risk prediction while additional SNPs discovered in the future may identify more subjects at higher risk. Men identified as high risk by SNP‐based testing may be targeted for PCa screening or chemoprevention. The clinical impact on improving the effectiveness of these interventions can be and should be assessed. Prostate 77:421–430, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Androgen receptors are differentially expressed in Gleason patterns of prostate cancer and down‐regulated in matched lymph node metastases
Authors: Fleischmann Achim , Rocha Carla , Schobinger Sylviane , Seiler Roland , Wiese Birgitt , Thalmann George N. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDAndrogen receptor (AR) expression profile in the different Gleason patterns (GP) of primary prostate cancers and nodal metastases is unknown. More information about AR distribution is needed to optimize evaluation methods and to better understand the role of AR in development and progression of prostate cancer.METHODSA tissue microarray was constructed from 119 hormone‐naïve nodal positive, surgically treated prostate cancers containing tissues from all GP present in every primary tumor and the matched metastases. ARs were evaluated immunohistochemically and an expression score (intensity × percentage of positive cells) was assigned for each tissue spot.RESULTSARs were up‐regulated in primary tumors compared to normal glands and significantly different expressed in the GP (mean AR scores: GP 3 = 128.7, GP 4 = 159.1, GP 5 = 123.5; P = 0.016). A similar expression profile was observed in metastases, however, on significantly (P < 0.001) lower level (mean AR scores: GP 3 = 70.5, GP 4 = 90.4, GP 5 = 71.7; P = 0.114). High AR expression in metastases was associated with larger total size of metastases (P = 0.008). All other correlations of AR expression in primary tumors and metastases with quantitative (age, prostate cancer volume, number of metastases) or categorical (tumor stage, Gleason score of the primary tumor and metastases) tumor characteristics or with survival were insignificant.CONCLUSIONARs are differentially expressed in GP what should be considered in prognostic models which include AR. In nodal metastases, ARs are significantly down‐regulated suggesting decreased dependence on androgens already under hormone‐naïve conditions. AR expression level is not prognostic in nodal positive disease. Prostate 77:453–460, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
TMPRSS2–ERG gene fusion prevalence and class are significantly different in prostate cancer of caucasian, african‐american and japanese patients
Authors: Magi‐Galluzzi Cristina , Tsusuki Toyonori , Elson Paul , Simmerman Kelly , LaFargue Chris , Esgueva Raquel , Klein Eric , Rubin Mark A. , Zhou Ming 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDProstate cancer (PCa) exhibits significant differences in prevalence and mortality among different ethnic groups. The underlying genetics is not well understood. TMPRSS2–ERG fusion is a common recurrent chromosomal aberration in PCa and is however not studied among different ethnic groups. We examined the prevalence and class of TMPRSS2–ERG gene fusion in PCa from Caucasian, African‐American, and Japanese patients.MATERIALS AND METHODSA tissue microarray of PCa from 42 Caucasians, 64 African‐Americans, and 44 Japanese patients who underwent radical prostatectomies (RP) was studied for TMPRSS2–ERG fusion using a multicolor interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization assay for ERG gene break‐apart.RESULTSTMPRSS2–ERG gene fusion was present in 50% (21/42) of Caucasians, 31.3% (20/64) of African‐Americans, and 15.9% (7/44) of Japanese (P = 0.003). The gene fusion through translocation, deletion, or both occurred in 61.9% (13/21), 38.1% (8/21), and 0% (0/21) in Caucasians, 20% (4/20), 60% (12/20), and 20% (4/20) in African‐Americans, and 71.4% (5/7), 28.6% (2/7), and 0% (0/7) in Japanese patients (P = 0.02). A multivariate analysis demonstrated that TMPRSS2–ERG gene fusion correlated with the ethnicity (P = 0.03), marginally correlated with the pathologic stage (P = 0.06), but not other clinicopathologic parameters, including age, preoperative PSA levels, and Gleason score.CONCLUSIONSThe prevalence and class of TMPRSS2–ERG are significantly different in PCa of Caucasian, African‐American, and Japanese patients. Future studies of the molecular pathways implicated in TMPRSS2–ERG gene fusion may shed light on the disparity in prevalence and mortality of PCa among different ethnic groups and help design better prevention and treatment strategies. Prostate 77:489–497, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nucleation theory models for describing kinetics of cluster growth in C60/NMP solutions
Authors: Tropin T. V. , Avdeev M. V. , Kyzyma O. A. , Aksenov V. L. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSlow growth of C60 fullerene clusters (size up to 500 nm after about one month) in polar N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) solutions is considered from the viewpoint of the nucleation theory. It is shown that the limited growth model used previously for qualitative description of C60 clusters in solutions with low polarity is inapplicable in this case. Two simple modifications of the general approach are proposed taking into account possible limitations of cluster growth in the given class of solutions. The time evolution of the main parameters of cluster state (mean cluster size and free monomer concentration) is compared with respect to the better consistency with available experimental data for C60/NMP.
Dispersion of carbon nanotubes using an azobenzene derivative
Authors: Bluemmel Pascal , Setaro Antonio , Popeney Chris S. , Haag Rainer , Reich Stephanie 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAqueous dispersions of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were obtained by noncovalent adsorption of an azobenzene derivative carrying polyglycerol dendric structures. UV/Vis absorption spectra and photoluminescence maps were recorded to confirm successful nanotube debundling and suspension. Comparison to dispersion of nanotubes using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) revealed shifts of the nanotube E22 excitation peaks from 28 to 67 meV as well as shifts from 21 to 37 meV of the E11 emission peaks.
A large‐eddy model for cirrus clouds with explicit aerosol and ice microphysics and Lagrangian ice particle tracking
Authors: Sölch Ingo , Kärcher Bernd 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe introduce a novel large‐eddy model for cirrus clouds with explicit aerosol and ice microphysics, and validate its central components. A combined Eulerian/Lagrangian approach is used to simulate the formation and evolution of cirrus. While gas and size‐resolved aerosol phases are treated over a fixed Eulerian grid similar to the dynamical and thermodynamical variables, the ice phase is treated by tracking a large number of simulation ice particles. The macroscopic properties of the ice phase are deduced from statistically analysing large samples of simulation ice particle properties. The new model system covers non‐equilibrium growth of liquid supercooled aerosol particles, their homogeneous freezing, heterogeneous ice nucleation in the deposition or immersion mode, growth of ice crystals by deposition of water vapour, sublimation of ice crystals and their gravitational sedimentation, aggregation between ice crystals due to differential sedimentation, the effect of turbulent dispersion on ice particle trajectories, diabatic latent and radiative heating or cooling, and radiative heating or cooling of ice crystals. This suite of explicitly resolved physical processes enables the detailed simulation and analysis of the dynamical–microphysical–radiative feedbacks characteristic of cirrus.We draw special attention to the ice aggregation process which redistributes large ice crystals vertically and changes the ice particle size distributions accordingly. We find that aggregation of ice crystals is the key process to generate precipitation‐sized ice crystals in stratiform cirrus. A process‐oriented algorithm is developed for ice aggregation based on the trajectories and sedimentation velocities of simulation ice particles for use in the dynamically and microphysically complex, multi‐dimensional large‐eddy approach. By virtue of an idealized model set‐up, designed to isolate the effect of aggregation on the cirrus development, we show that aggregation and its effect on the ice crystal size distribution in the model is consistent with a theoretical scaling relation, which was found to be in good agreement within situmeasurements. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Ecological strategies successfully predict the effects of river floodplain rehabilitation on breeding birds
Authors: van Turnhout C. A. M. , Leuven R. S. E. W. , Hendriks A. J. , Kurstjens G. , van Strien A. , Foppen R. P. B. , Siepel H. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTTo improve the ecological functioning of riverine ecosystems, large‐scale floodplain rehabilitation has been carried out in the Rhine–Meuse Delta since the 1990s. This paper evaluates changes in abundance of 93 breeding bird species over a period of 10 years in response to rehabilitation, by comparing population changes in 75 rehabilitated sites with 124 non‐rehabilitated reference sites. Such quantitative, multi‐species, large‐scale and long‐term evaluations of floodplain rehabilitation on biodiversity are still scarce, particularly studies that focus on the terrestrial component. We try to understand the effects by relating population trends to ecological and life‐history traits and strategies of breeding birds. More specifically, we try to answer the question whether rehabilitation of vegetation succession or hydro‐geomorphological river processes is the key driver behind recent population changes in rehabilitated sites. Populations of 35 species have significantly performed better in rehabilitated sites compared to non‐rehabilitated floodplains, whereas only 8 have responded negatively to rehabilitation. Differences in effects between species are best explained by the trait selection of nest location. Reproductive investment and migratory behaviour were less strong predictors. Based on these three traits we defined eight life‐history strategies that successfully captured a substantial amount of variation in rehabilitation effects. We conclude that spontaneous vegetation succession and initial excavations are currently more important drivers of population changes than rehabilitation of hydrodynamics. The latter are strongly constrained by river regulation. If rehabilitation of hydro‐geomorphological processes remains incomplete in future, artificial cyclic floodplain rejuvenation will be necessary for sustainable conservation of characteristic river birds. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrochemical properties of the anodic films formed on titanium and its Ti‐6Al‐4V alloy in HBr solution
Authors: Ghoneim A. A. , El‐Taib Heakal F. , Mogoda A. S. , Awad Kh. A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe electrochemical properties of anodic oxide films formed on titanium were compared with those on its Ti‐6Al‐4V alloy. Under potentiostatic anodization in HBr solution over the range 0.20–1.2 V, the current density recorded in the case of Ti was always lower than that for its alloy. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results indicate that anodization stimulates higher oxide formation efficiencies, with Ti exhibiting stronger propensity to form thicker passivating oxide layers. The thickness of galvanostatically formed oxide films on Ti up to a definite voltage decreases linearly with prolonged immersion in HBr solution of various concentrations. The dissolution rates (k1 and k2) for the two oxide layers comprising the anodic films on Ti were found to increase with the concentration of the test HBr solution, where the value of k1 (of the outer layer) is always much higher than that of k2 (of the inner layer). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.