bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case report: Completely unroofed coronary sinus with a left superior vena cava draining into the left atrium studied by cardiovascular magnetic resonance
Authors: Raj Vimal , Joshi Sanjiv , Ho Yuen Chi , Kilner Philip J 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA persistent left superior vena cava (LSVC) draining through a dilated coronary sinus into the right atrium is a relatively common congenital cardiovascular anomaly. It is readily identified by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). However, a LSVC draining into the left atrium (LA) and associated with unroofing of the coronary sinus, with resulting interatrial communication, is rare and may have important clinical consequences. As with any large atrial septal defect, it can be associated with a higher than expected incidence of pulmonary arterial hypertension, systemic embolization, and brain abscesses. In this report, we present a case of a completely unroofed coronary sinus with a persistent LSVC draining directly into the LA and illustrate the role of CMR in the diagnosis and evaluation of such anomalies.
Case report: Congenital short bowel syndrome
Authors: Palle Lalitha , Reddy Balaji 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCongenital short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a relatively rare condition as compared to acquired SBS. It is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Infants usually present with failure to thrive, recurrent vomiting, and diarrhea. It is important to suspect and diagnose this condition promptly, as early initiation of parenteral nutrition or surgery, if necessary, may result in a favorable outcome. We discuss a case of an infant aged 26 days, who presented with failure to thrive, recurrent vomiting, and weight loss. A contrast study of the gastrointestinal tract revealed a short small bowel, with malrotation. The infant was started on parenteral nutrition, but succumbed shortly thereafter to severe disseminated sepsis.
Musculoskeletal pain and incident disability in community‐dwelling older adults
Authors: Buchman Aron S. , Shah Raj C. , Leurgans Sue E. , Boyle Patricia A. , Wilson Robert S. , Bennett David A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that the number of areas of musculoskeletal pain reported is related to incident disability.MethodsSubjects included 898 older persons from the Rush Memory and Aging Project without dementia, stroke, or Parkinson's disease at baseline. All participants underwent detailed baseline evaluation of self‐reported pain in the neck or back, hands, hips, knees, or feet, as well as annual self‐reported assessments of instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), basic activities of daily living (ADLs), and mobility disability. Mobility disability was also assessed using a performance‐based measure.ResultsThe average followup was 5.6 years. Using a series of proportional hazards models that controlled for age, sex, and education, the risk of IADL disability increased by ∼10% for each additional painful area reported (hazard ratio [HR] 1.10, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.01–1.20) and the risk of ADL disability increased by ∼20% for each additional painful area (HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.11–1.31). The association with self‐report mobility disability did not reach significance (HR 1.09, 95% CI 0.99–1.20). However, the risk of mobility disability based on gait speed performance increased by ∼13% for each additional painful area (HR 1.13, 95% CI 1.04–1.22). These associations did not vary by age, sex, or education and were unchanged after controlling for several potential confounding variables including body mass index, physical activity, cognition, depressive symptoms, vascular risk factors, and vascular diseases.ConclusionAmong nondisabled community‐dwelling older adults, the risk of disability increases with the number of areas reported with musculoskeletal pain.
Ultra‐Fast Atomic Transport in Severely Deformed Materials—A Pathway to Applications?
Authors: Divinski Sergiy , Wilde Gerhard , Rabkin Eugen , Estrin Yuri 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSevere plastic deformation of pure Cu and Cu‐rich alloys was found to create a hierarchical combination of fast and ultra‐fast diffusion paths ranging from non‐equilibrium grain boundaries to non‐equilibrium triple junctions, vacancy clusters, nano‐ and micro‐pores, and finally to general high‐angle grain boundaries. Under certain conditions, a percolating network of porosity can be introduced in the ultra‐fine grained materials by a proper mechanical and thermal treatment. This network may offer promising opportunities for creating materials with tailor‐made properties, including combinations of improved mechanical performance with a possibility of self repair using “vascular structures” for atom transport. Applications in such areas as drug eluting bioimplants and lead or polymer eluting materials for reduction of friction based on impregnation of porosity networks with these agents are also envisaged.
Enhanced Strength and Ductility of Ultrafine‐Grained Ti Processed by Severe Plastic Deformation
Authors: Semenova Irina , Salimgareeva Gulnaz , Da Costa Gérald , Lefebvre Williams , Valiev Ruslan 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis work deals with the study of strength and ductility in ultrafine‐grained (UFG) Ti Grade 4 produced by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) in combination with subsequent thermomechanical treatments. We found that additional annealing of UFG Ti resulted in unusual enhancement of strength and ductility, which is associated with not only small grain size but also with a grain boundary structure. The origin of this phenomenon is investigated using the results of transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography. The innovation potential of UFG Ti for medical use is considered.
Suppression of Ni4Ti3 Precipitation by Grain Size Refinement in Ni‐Rich NiTi Shape Memory Alloys
Authors: Prokofiev Egor A. , Burow Juri A. , Payton Eric J. , Zarnetta Robert , Frenzel Jan , Gunderov Dmitry V. , Valiev Ruslan Z. , Eggeler Gunther 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSevere plastic deformation (SPD) processes, such as equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) and high pressure torsion (HPT), are successfully employed to produce ultra fine grain (UFG) and nanocrystalline (NC) microstructures in a Ti–50.7 at% Ni shape memory alloy. The effect of grain size on subsequent Ni‐rich particle precipitation during annealing is investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAD, SAED), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). It is observed that Ni4Ti3 precipitation is suppressed in grains of cross‐sectional equivalent diameter below approximately 150 nm, and that particle coarsening is inhibited by very fine grain sizes. The results suggest that fine grain sizes impede precipitation processes by disrupting the formation of self‐accommodating particle arrays and that the arrays locally compensate for coherency strains during nucleation and growth.
Improved Room Temperature Plasticity of Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 Bulk Metallic Glass by Channel‐Die Compression
Authors: Scudino Sergio , Surreddi Kumar Babu , Khoshkhoo Mohsen Samadi , Sakaliyska Mira , Wang Gang , Eckert Jürgen 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn this work, the effect of channel‐die compression (CDC) on the mechanical behavior of the Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 bulk metallic glass is analyzed. The results indicate that CDC can be successfully used as a pre‐deformation process to effectively enhance the room temperature plastic strain ability of metallic glasses. The origin of the improved mechanical properties is most likely due to the creation during CDC of a heterogenous microstructure consisting of hard and soft regions able to hinder the rapid propagation of shear bands.
Targeting of Cancer Cells Using Quantum Dot–Polypeptide Hybrid Assemblies That Function as Molecular Imaging Agents and Carrier Systems
Authors: Atmaja Bayu , Lui Bertrand H. , Hu Yuhua , Beck Stayce E. , Frank Curtis W. , Cochran Jennifer R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA highly tunable quantum dot (QD)–polypeptide hybrid assembly system with potential uses for both molecular imaging and delivery of biomolecular cargo to cancer cells is reported. The tunability of the assembly system, its application for imaging cancer cells, and its ability to carry a biomolecule are demonstrated. The assemblies are formed through the self‐assembly of carboxyl‐functionalized QDs and poly(diethylene glycol‐L‐lysine)‐poly(L‐lysine) (PEGLL‐PLL) diblock copolypeptide molecules, and they are modified with peptide ligands containing a cyclic arginine‐glycine‐aspartate [c(RGD)] motif that has affinity for αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrins overexpressed on the tumor vasculature. To illustrate the tunability of the QD‐polypeptide assembly system, it is shown that binding to U87MG glioblastoma cells can be modulated and optimized by changing either the conditions under which the assemblies are formed or the relative lengths of the PEGLL and PLL blocks in the PEGLL‐PLL molecules. The optimized c(RGD)‐modified assemblies bind integrin receptors on U87MG cells and are endocytosed, as demonstrated by flow cytometry and live‐cell imaging. Binding specificity is confirmed by competition with an excess of free c(RGD) peptide. Finally, it is shown that the QD–polypeptide assemblies can be loaded with fluorescently labeled ovalbumin, as a proof‐of‐concept for their potential use in biomolecule delivery.
A Novel One‐Pot, Two‐Step Synthesis of Polycyclic Indoles via Tandem Intramolecular Hydroamidation/Palladium‐Catalyzed Annulation
Authors: Liu Jianxiu , Zhang Yongda , Li Guisheng , Roschangar Frank , Farina Vittorio , Senanayake Chris H. , Lu Bruce Z. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA robust one‐pot process has been developed for the synthesis of a variety of polycyclic indole skeletons via a consecutive sequence of hydroamidation and palladium‐catalyzed annulation, from inexpensive 2‐chloroanilines bearing tethered acetylenes.
A Two‐Step Synthesis of Unsymmetrical 1,4‐Disubstituted Carbazoles from Sulfonylindoles Under Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Ballini Roberto , Gabrielli Serena , Palmieri Alessandro , Petrini Marino 
Published: September 2010

AbstractReaction of sulfonylindoles with protected β‐nitro ketones affords the corresponding 3‐(2‐nitroalkyl)indoles that, under acidic conditions, undergo a sequence of cascade processes finally leading to unsymmetrical 1,4‐disubstituted carbazoles.
Separation of small organic ions from salts by ion‐exchange membrane in electrodialysis
Authors: Zhang Yang , Pinoy Luc , Meesschaert Boudewijn , Van der Bruggen Bart 
Published: September 2010

AbstractElectrodialysis (ED) can be applied in the food and fermentation industry for separating inorganic salts and organic ions from other fractions. However, the separation efficiency for small organic ions should be understood in detail. In this article, the membrane selectivity and transport mechanism of small organic ions from mixed salts by ion‐exchange membranes are theoretically and experimentally investigated. First of all, the influence of current density on the solute flux (organic ions and inorganic ions) and on membrane selectivity (between organic ions and inorganic ions and between different organic ions) in ED has been studied. The selectivity was shown to be influenced by changing the applied current density. It was observed that separation of inorganic ions from organic solutes was feasible, but the selectivity was dependent on the size, charge, and functional groups of the organic ions. Furthermore, results imply that binary organic anions with larger molar mass (>130, i.e., aspartate and tartrate) can be adsorbed onto the membrane free volume and hence form a charged double layer, which affects membrane selectivity. Finally, competition between small organic and inorganic ions is discussed by comparison of the concentration profiles and current efficiencies of the different anions. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Fading of the last giants: an assessment of habitat availability of the Sunda gharial Tomistoma schlegelii and coverage with protected areas
Authors: Rödder Dennis , Engler Jan O. , Bonke René , Weinsheimer Frank , Pertel Weslei 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The Sunda gharial Tomistoma schlegelii is, with 2500–3000 remaining specimens, one of the least studied and at the same time most endangered crocodile species. Inhabiting peat swamps in Southeast Asia, threats affecting the species are mainly associated with habitat loss and illegal hunting.
The effectiveness of the existing reserve network in Southeast Asia for the protection of the Sunda garial was assessed by combining spatially explicit habitat analyses derived from land cover information with species distribution modelling. Subsequently, possible improvements of the existing reserve network are derived from the habitat availability analyses.
The results of the spatially explicit analyses indicate that suitable habitats for the Sunda gharial in Southeast Asia, i.e. peat swamps and riverine forests, are highly fragmented. Spatial coverage of remaining habitats with protected areas fulfilling IUCN standards generally varies among regions and is best in Indonesia. However, large, currently unprotected suitable areas remain in Sumatra. Establishment of 10 additional, already proposed reserves may improve the protection of major parts of the remaining suitable habitats of the Sunda gharial.
According to the results of this study, the reserve network protecting this species could be significantly improved by expanding it to include seven national reserves not currently listed by the IUCN and an additional 10 reserves that have recently been proposed. Improvements and extensions of the existing reserve networks in Southeast Asia are pivotal to guarantee the long‐term survival of the Sunda gharial. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Averting the baiji syndrome: conserving habitat for critically endangered dolphins in Eastern Taiwan Strait
Authors: Ross Peter S. , Dungan Sarah Z. , Hung Samuel K. , Jefferson Thomas A. , Macfarquhar Christina , Perrin William F. , Riehl Kimberly N. , Slooten Elisabeth , Tsai John , Wang John Y. , White Bradley N. , Würsig Bernd , Yang Shih Chu , Reeves Randall R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractNumbering no more than 100 individuals and facing many threats, the geographically isolated Eastern Taiwan Strait population of Indo‐Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis) is in peril. The estuarine and coastal waters of central‐western Taiwan have historically provided prime habitat for these dolphins, but environmental conditions today bear little resemblance to what they were in the past.The humpback dolphins must share their habitat with thousands of fishing vessels and numerous factories built upon thousands of hectares of reclaimed land.They are exposed to chemicals and sewage released from adjacent terrestrial activities. Noise and disturbance associated with construction, vessel traffic and military activities are features of everyday life for these animals.Measures to slow the pace of habitat deterioration and reduce the many risks to the dolphins are urgently needed. As one practical step in this direction, this paper describes the habitat needs of these small cetaceans so that decision makers will be better equipped to define ‘priority habitat’ and implement much needed protection measures under the terms of local legislation.The preferred habitat of these dolphins in Taiwan consists of shallow (<30 m), near‐shore marine waters with regular freshwater inputs.For such a small, isolated and threatened population, ‘priority habitat’ should not be limited to areas of particularly intensive dolphin use or high dolphin density, but rather it should encompass the entire area where the animals have been observed (their current ‘habitat’), as well as additional coastal areas with similar bio‐physical features (‘suitable habitat’). Such a precautionary approach is warranted because the loss of only a few individuals could have serious population‐level consequences.While conventional socio‐economic analysis might suggest that implementing protection measures over an area stretching ∼350 km north–south along Taiwan's west coast and ∼3 km out to sea would be too ‘costly’, the loss of this charismatic species from Taiwan's waters would send a troubling message regarding our collective ability to reconcile human activities with environmental sustainability. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bestimmung der Traglast 2. Ordnung beliebiger Bögen mit Hilfe des Fließgelenkdrehwinkels
Authors: Herzog Max 
Published: September 2010

AbstractEs wird gezeigt, wie einfach die Tragfähigkeit beliebiger Bögen mit dem Fließgelenkverfahren in guter übereinstimmung mit insitu‐Messungen auch ohne Computer berechnet werden kann, wenn die Fließgelenkdrehwinkel und die Baustoffkennwerte bekannt sind.Second order ultimate load of arbitrary arches, calculated with help of the plastic hinge rotation. It is shown how simply the ultimate capacity of arbitrary arches can be predicted in good coincidence with in situ measurements, even without computer, if the plastic hinge rotation and the resistances of the construction materials are known.
Empfehlungen des Arbeitskreises 6.1 “Geotechnik der Deponiebauwerke” der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geotechnik e.V. (DGGT)
Authors: Witt Karl Josef , Ramke Hans‐Günter 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDer Arbeitskreis Geotechnik der Deponiebauwerke hat in fünf Themengruppen bisher 76 Empfehlungen zur Planung, zum Bau und zur Qualitätsüberwachung von Abfalldeponien veröffentlicht. In diesem Bericht werden zwei überarbeitungen vorgestellt, eine grundsätzliche Neubarbeitung der E 2‐4, Oberflächenabdichtungssysteme und die an neuere Erfahrungen angepasste E 2‐33, Kapillarsperren in Oberflächenabdichtungen.Recommendations of the DGGT Committee “Geotechnics of Landfill Structures”. The Technical Committee ”Geotechnics of Landfill Structures” of the German Geotechnical Society published up to now 76 recommendations (GDA‐Geotechnical Landfill Recommendations) structured in 5 main issues. This paper introduces two new editions of currently important recommendations, the fundamentally reviewed E 2‐4, Capping Systems, and a new edition of E 2‐33, Capillary Barriers in Landfill Capping Systems.
Magnetic resonance microscopy‐based analyses of the brains of normal and ethanol‐exposed fetal mice
Authors: O'Leary‐Moore Shonagh K. , Parnell Scott E. , Godin Elizabeth A. , Dehart Deborah B. , Ament Jacob J. , Khan Amber A. , Johnson G. Allan , Styner Martin A. , Sulik Kathleen K. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: The application of magnetic resonance microscopy (MRM) to the study of normal and abnormal prenatal mouse development has facilitated discovery of dysmorphology following prenatal ethanol insult. The current analyses extend this work, providing a regional brain volume‐based description of normal braingrowth and illustrating the consequences of gestational day (GD) 10 ethanol exposure in the fetal mouse. METHODS: To assess normal growth, control C57Bl/6J fetuses collected on GD 16, GD 16.5, and GD 17 were scanned using a 9.4‐T magnet, resulting in 29‐μm isotropic resolution images. For the ethanol teratogenicity studies, C57Bl/6J dams were administered intraperitoneal ethanol (2.9 g/kg) at 10 days, 0 hr, and 10 days, 4 hr, after fertilization, and fetuses were collected for analyses on GD 17. From individual MRM scans, linear measurements and regional brain volumes were determined and compared. RESULTS: In control fetuses, each of the assessed brain regions increased in volume, whereas ventricular volumes decreased between GD 16 and GD 17. Illustrating a global developmental delay, prenatal ethanol exposure resulted in reduced body volumes, crown‐rump lengths, and a generalized decrease in regional brain volumes compared with GD 17 controls. However, compared with GD 16.5, morphologically matched controls, ethanol exposure resulted in volume increases in the lateral and third ventricles as well as a disproportionate reduction in cortical volume. CONCLUSIONS: The normative data collected in this study facilitate the distinction between GD 10 ethanol‐induced developmental delay and frank dysmorphology. This work illustrates the utility of MRM‐based analyses for developmental toxicology studies and extends our knowledge of the stage‐dependency of ethanol teratogenesis. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prooxidant action of carazolol in the Fenton‐like reaction
Authors: Kruk Irena , Michalska Teresa , Kładna Aleksandra , Aboul‐Enein Hassan Y. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTCarazolol [4‐(2‐hydroxy‐3‐isopropyl‐amino‐propoxy)‐carbazole], a β3‐adrenoceptor agonist, is clinically used in the treatment of hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias and angina pectoris. Despite the beneficial effect of the drug, its high dose may contribute to cardiotoxicity. This study was conducted to examine whether carazolol can influence hydroxyl radical formation by a Fenton‐like reaction [Co(II) + H2O2 + HO‐] in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. The oxygen free radicals and singlet oxygen (1O2) formation was traced by three different assay methods: chemiluminescence (CL), an electron spin resonance (ESR) spin trapping with 2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐4‐piperidine and 5,5‐dimethyl‐1‐pyrroline‐1‐oxide, and spectrophotometric determination of 1O2 based on bleaching of p‐nitrosodimethylaniline. The effect of hydroxyl radical inhibitors and 1O2 quenchers on peroxidation of carazolol was also examined. The results indicated that carazolol enhanced the HO radical and 1O2 formation in a Fenton‐like reaction. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carbohydrate metabolic pathway genes associated with quantitative trait loci (QTL) for obesity and type 2 diabetes: Identification by data mining
Authors: Varma Vijayalakshmi , Wise Carolyn , Kaput Jim 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIncreasing consumption of refined carbohydrates is now being recognized as a primary contributor to the development of nutritionally related chronic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A data mining approach was used to evaluate the role of carbohydrate metabolic pathway genes in the development of obesity and T2DM. Data from public databases were used to map the position of the carbohydrate metabolic pathway genes to known quantitative trait loci (QTL) for obesity and T2DM and for examining the pathway genes for the presence of sequence and structural genetic variants such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and copy number variants (CNS), respectively. The results demonstrated that a majority of the genes of the carbohydrate metabolic pathways are associated with QTL for obesity and many for T2DM. In addition, some key genes of the pathways also encode non‐synonymous SNPs that exhibit significant differences in population frequencies. This study emphasizes the significance of the metabolic pathways genes in the development of disease phenotypes, its differential occurrence across populations and between individuals, and a strategy for interpreting an individuals' risk for disease.