bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Morbidity and Clinical Implications of Laparoscopic Para-Aortic Lymphadenectomy in a Continuous Series of 98 Patients with Advanced-Stage Cervical Cancer and Negative PET–CT Imaging in the Para-Aortic Area
Authors: Uzan Catherine , Souadka Amine , Gouy Sebastien , Debaere Thierry , Duclos Juliette , Lumbroso Jean , Haie-Meder Christine , Morice Philippe 
Published: June 2011

Abstract

Background.
Laparoscopic para-aortic lymphadenectomy (PAL) is being used increasingly to stage patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) and to define radiation field limits before chemoradiation therapy (CRT). This study aimed to define clinical implications, review complications, and determine whether surgical complications delayed the start of CRT.

Methods.
We retrospectively reviewed a continuous series of patients with LACC, with no positive para-aortic (PA) nodes on positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET–CT) and who had undergone a primary laparoscopic PAL.

Results.
From November 2007 to June 2010, 98 patients with LACC underwent pretherapeutic PAL. Two patients did not undergo PAL: extensive carcinomatosis was discovered in one case and a technical problem arose in the other. No perioperative complications occurred. Seven patients had a lymphocyst requiring an imaging-guided (or laparoscopic) puncture. Eight patients (8.4%, which corresponds to the false-negative PET–CT rate) had metastatic disease within PA lymph nodes. In cases of suspicious pelvic nodes on PET–CT, the risk for PA nodal disease was greater (24.0% versus 2.9%). When patients with and without surgical morbidity were compared, the median delay to the start of treatment was not significantly different (15 days; range, 3–49 days versus 18 days; range, 3–42 days).

Conclusions.
The morbidity of laparoscopic PAL was limited and the completion of treatment was not delayed when complications occurred. Nevertheless, if PET–CT of the pelvic area is negative, the interest in staging PAL could be discussed because the risk for PA nodal disease is very low.
Storage of Circulating Free Fatty Acid in Adipose Tissue of Postabsorptive Humans
Authors: Koutsari Christina , Ali Asem H. , Mundi Manpreet S. , Jensen Michael D. 
Published: June 2011

OBJECTIVE
Preferential upper-body fat gain, a typical male pattern, is associated with a greater cardiometabolic risk. Regional differences in lipolysis and meal fat storage cannot explain sex differences in body fat distribution. We examined the potential role of the novel free fatty acid (FFA) storage pathway in determining body fat distribution in postabsorptive humans and whether adipocyte lipogenic proteins (CD36, acyl-CoA synthetases, and diacylglycerol acyltransferase) predict differences in FFA storage.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Rates of postabsorptive FFA (palmitate) storage into upper-body subcutaneous (UBSQ) and lower-body subcutaneous (LBSQ) fat were measured in 28 men and 53 premenopausal women. Stable and radiolabeled palmitate tracers were intravenously infused followed by subcutaneous fat biopsies. Body composition was assessed with a combination of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and computed tomography.

RESULTS
Women had greater FFA (palmitate) storage than men in both UBSQ (0.37 ± 0.15 vs. 0.27 ± 0.18 μmol · kg−1 · min−1, P = 0.0001) and LBSQ (0.42 ± 0.19 vs. 0.22 ± 0.11 μmol · kg−1 · min−1, P &lt; 0.0001) fat. Palmitate storage rates were significantly greater in LBSQ than UBSQ fat in women, whereas the opposite was true in men. Plasma palmitate concentration positively predicted palmitate storage in both depots and sexes. Adipocyte CD36 content predicted UBSQ palmitate storage and sex-predicted storage in LBSQ fat. Palmitate storage rates per kilogram fat did not decrease as a function of fat mass, whereas lipolysis did.

CONCLUSIONS
The FFA storage pathway, which had remained undetected in postabsorptive humans until recently, can have considerable, long-term, and sex-specific effects on body fat distribution. It can also offer a way of protecting the body from excessive circulating FFA in obesity.
Youth and Parent Knowledge and Communication About Major Complications of Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Wysocki Tim , Lochrie Amanda , Antal Holly , Buckloh Lisa M. 
Published: June 2011

OBJECTIVE
Previously, we studied clinicians’ and parents’ perspectives about what, when, and how youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and parents should be taught about major complications (MC) of T1D. Results showed that this topic creates considerable anxiety among youth and parents, that there is a perceived need to tailor these experiences to each patient’s circumstances, and that there is considerable variability in opinions about appropriate MC education. Prior studies did not measure youths’ or parents’ actual knowledge of complications, how they cope with that knowledge, or how these variables relate to T1D outcomes. The current study addresses these gaps.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This article reports a cross-sectional study of 151 8- to 18-year-old youths with T1D and their parents in which their knowledge of MC (nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, and cardiovascular disease) was ascertained by structured interview. Family communication about MC was assessed using a questionnaire validated in this study. Regression analyses explored youth age, parent and youth MC knowledge, and positive family communication about MC as predictors of T1D outcomes (hemoglobin A1c, treatment adherence, quality of life, and family conflict about T1D).

RESULTS
Parental MC knowledge was not associated with any T1D outcome; greater youth MC knowledge predicted better treatment adherence. More frequent optimistic family communication about MC was associated with more favorable status on all outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS
Optimistic family communication about MC, more so than MC knowledge, predicted favorable T1D outcomes. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these associations and to evaluate pertinent psychoeducational interventions.
Parameters for CMM Contact Measurements of Free-Form Surfaces
Authors: Poniatowska Małgorzata 
Published: June 2011

Parameters for CMM Contact Measurements of Free-Form SurfacesObtaining discrete data is inseparably connected with losing information on surface properties. In contact measurements, the ball tip functions as a mechanical-geometrical filter. In coordinate measurements the coordinates of the measurement points of a discrete distribution on the measured surface are obtained. Surface geometric deviations are represented by a set of local deviations, i.e. deviations of measurement points from the nominal surface (the CAD model), determined in a direction normal to this surface. The results of measurements depend both on the ball tip diameter and the grid size of measurement points. This article presents findings on the influence of the ball tip diameter and the grid size on coordinate measurement results along with the experimental results of measurement of a free-form milled surface, in order to determine its local geometric deviations. One section of the surface under research was measured using different measurement parameters. The whole surface was also scanned with different parameters, observing the rule of selecting the tip diameterdand the sampling intervalTin the ratio of 2:1.
Practical Measurement Strategies for Verification of Freeform Surfaces Using Coordinate Measuring Machines
Authors: Rajamohan G. , Shunmugam M. , Samuel G. 
Published: June 2011

Practical Measurement Strategies for Verification of Freeform Surfaces Using Coordinate Measuring MachinesFreeform surfaces have wider engineering applications. Designers use B-splines, Non-Uniform Rational B-splines, etc. to represent the freeform surfaces in CAD, while the manufacturers employ machines with controllers based on approximating functions or splines. Different errors also creep in during machining operations. Therefore the manufactured freeform surfaces have to be verified for conformance to design specification. Different points on the surface are probed using a coordinate measuring machine and substitute geometry of surface established from the measured points is compared with the design surface. The sampling points are distributed according to different strategies. In the present work, two new strategies of distributing the points on the basis of uniform surface area and dominant points are proposed, considering the geometrical nature of the surfaces. Metrological aspects such as probe contact and margins to be provided along the sides have also been included. The results are discussed in terms of deviation between measured points and substitute surface as well as between design and substitute surfaces, and compared with those obtained with the methods reported in the literature.
Critical Metrological Evaluation of Fuel Analyses by Measurement Uncertainty
Authors: de Oliveira Elcio 
Published: June 2011

Critical Metrological Evaluation of Fuel Analyses by Measurement UncertaintyIt is now widely recognized that the evaluation of the uncertainty associated with a result is an essential part of any quantitative analysis. One way to use the estimation of measurement uncertainty as a metrological critical evaluation tool is the identification of sources of uncertainty on the analytical result, knowing the weak steps, in order to improve the method, when it is necessary. In this work, this methodology is applied to fuel analyses and the results show that the relevant sources of uncertainty are: beyond the repeatability, the resolution of the volumetric glassware and the blank in the analytical curve that are little studied.
Immune cell infiltrate differences in pilocytic astrocytoma and glioblastoma: evidence of distinct immunological microenvironments that reflect tumor biology
Authors: Yang Isaac , Han Seunggu J. , Sughrue Michael E. , Tihan Tarik , Parsa Andrew T. 
Published: June 2011

Object
The tumor microenvironment in astrocytomas is composed of a variety of cell types, including infiltrative inflammatory cells that are dynamic in nature, potentially reflecting tumor biology. In this paper the authors demonstrate that characterization of the intratumoral inflammatory infiltrate can distinguish high-grade glioblastoma from low-grade pilocytic astrocytoma.

Methods
Tumor specimens from ninety-one patients with either glioblastoma or pilocytic astrocytoma were analyzed at the University of California, San Francisco. A systematic neuropathology analysis was performed. All tissue was collected at the time of the initial surgery prior to adjuvant treatment. Immune cell infiltrate not associated with necrosis or hemorrhage was analyzed on serial 4-μm sections. Analysis was performed for 10 consecutive hpfs and in 3 separate regions (total 30 × 0.237 mm2). Using immunohistochemistry for markers of infiltrating cytotoxic T cells (CD8), natural killer cells (CD56), and macrophages (CD68), the inflammatory infiltrates in these tumors were graded quantitatively and classified based on microanatomical location (perivascular vs intratumoral). Control markers included CD3, CD20, and human leukocyte antigen.

Results
Glioblastomas exhibited significantly higher perivascular (CD8) T-cell infiltration than pilocytic astrocytomas (62% vs 29%, p = 0.0005). Perivascular (49%) and intratumoral (89%; p = 0.004) CD56-positive cells were more commonly associated with glioblastoma. The CD68-positive cells also were more prevalent in the perivascular and intratumoral space in glioblastoma. In the intratumoral space, all glioblastomas exhibited CD68-positive cells compared with 86% of pilocytic astrocytomas (p = 0.0014). Perivascularly, CD68-positive infiltrate was also more prevalent in glioblastoma when compared with pilocytic astrocytoma (97% vs 86%, respectively; p = 0.0003). The CD3-positive, CD20-positive, and human leukocyte antigen-positive infiltrates did not differ between glioblastoma and pilocytic astrocytoma.

Conclusions
This analysis suggests a significantly distinct immune profile in the microenvironment of high-grade glioblastoma versus low-grade pilocytic astrocytoma. This difference in tumor microenvironment may reflect an important difference in the tumor biology of glioblastoma.
Desmosterolosis—phenotypic and molecular characterization of a third case and review of the literature
Authors: Schaaf Christian P. , Koster Janet , Katsonis Panagiotis , Kratz Lisa , Shchelochkov Oleg A. , Scaglia Fernando , Kelley Richard I. , Lichtarge Olivier , Waterham Hans R. , Shinawi Marwan 
Published: June 2011

AbstractDesmosterolosis, a rare disorder of cholesterol biosynthesis, is caused by mutations in DHCR24, the gene encoding the enzyme 24‐dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR24). To date, desmosterolosis has been described in only two patients. Here we report on a third patient with desmosterolosis who presented after delivery with relative macrocephaly, mild arthrogryposis, and dysmorphic facial features. Brain MRI revealed hydrocephalus, thickening of the tectum and massa intermedia, mildly effaced gyral pattern, underopercularization, and a thin corpus callosum. The diagnosis of desmosterolosis was established by detection of significant elevation of plasma desmosterol levels and reduced enzyme activity of DHCR24 upon expression of the patient's DHCR24 cDNA in yeast. The patient was found to be a compound heterozygote for c.281G>A (p.R94H) and c.1438G>A (p.E480K) mutations. Structural and evolutionary analyses showed that residue R94 resides at the flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) binding site and is strictly conserved throughout evolution, while residue E480 is less conserved, but the charge shift substitution is accompanied by drastic changes in the local protein environment of that residue. We compare the phenotype of our patient with previously reported cases. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Delineation of a less than 200 kb minimal deleted region for cardiac malformations on chromosome 7p22
Authors: Richards Elliott G. , Zaveri Hitisha P. , Wolf Varina L. , Kang Sung‐Hae Lee , Scott Daryl A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractCardiac malformations are commonly seen in individuals with terminal and interstitial deletions involving chromosome band 7p22. Although these malformations represent a significant cause of morbidity, the dosage‐sensitive gene(s) that underlie these defects have yet to be identified. In this report, we describe a 16‐month‐old male with tetralogy of Fallot, bilateral second branchial arch remnants, and mild dysmorphic features. Array comparative genomic hybridization analysis revealed a less than 400 kb interstitial deletion on chromosome 7p22. The deletion was confirmed by real‐time quantitative PCR and FISH analyses and was not detected in samples obtained from the child's parents. Molecular data from this de novo deletion, in combination with data from other isolated 7p deletions in the literature, can be used to define a less than 200 kb minimal deleted region for cardiac malformations on 7p22. This minimal deleted region spans all, or portions, of the coding regions of four known genes—MAD1L1, FTSJ2, NUDT1, and SNX8—and may include upstream regulatory elements of EIF3B. It is likely that one or more of these five genes, alone or in combination, plays an important, yet previously uncharacterized, role in cardiac development. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Associated anomalies among infants with oral clefts at birth and during a 1‐year follow‐up
Authors: Rittler Monica , Cosentino Viviana , López‐Camelo Jorge S. , Murray Jeffrey C. , Wehby George , Castilla Eduardo E. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractReports of birth defects rates may focus on defects observed in the newborn period or include defects diagnosed at older ages. However, little information is available on the rates of additional anomalies detected after birth or on the ages at which such anomalies are diagnosed. The aims of this work were to describe the initial diagnoses of oral clefts, isolated or associated with other defects, in newborn infants ascertained in hospitals of the ECLAMC network, and diagnostic changes that occurred due to detection of additional defects during a 1‐year follow‐up period. Seven hundred ten liveborn infants with cleft lip only (CLO), cleft lip with cleft palate (CLP), or cleft palate (CP) were ascertained between 2003 and 2005. Prevalence estimates of isolated and associated (ASO) clefts, diagnoses in infants with associated clefts, and the percentage of isolated clefts that were reclassified as associated were established. Birth prevalence estimates (per 1,000) were as follows: Total: 1.7; CLP: 0.94 (ASO = 23.5%); CP: 0.46 (ASO = 42.3%); CLO: 0.28 (ASO = 7.6%). Initial diagnoses in infants with associated clefts included 38 infants with chromosomal abnormalities, 33 with non‐chromosomal syndromes, 16 with malformation sequences, and 98 with multiple anomalies of unknown etiology. Seven percent of newborns initially classified as isolated were later reclassified as associated. Ten infants without associated defects or clinically suspected syndromes were diagnosed as syndromic only through laboratory findings or family history, illustrating the difference between the terms associated versus isolated, which refers to presence or absence of associated anomalies, and syndromic versus non‐syndromic, which refers to etiology. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Microdeletion 20p12.3 involving BMP2 contributes to syndromic forms of cleft palate
Authors: Sahoo Trilochan , Theisen Aaron , Sanchez‐Lara Pedro A. , Marble Michael , Schweitzer Daniela N. , Torchia Beth S. , Lamb Allen N. , Bejjani Bassem A. , Shaffer Lisa G. , Lacassie Yves 
Published: June 2011

AbstractOrofacial clefts of the lip and/or palate comprise one of the most common craniofacial birth defects in humans. Though a majority of cleft lip and/or cleft palate (CL/P) occurs as isolated congenital anomalies, there exist a large number of Mendelian disorders in which orofacial clefting is part of the clinical phenotype. Here we report on two individuals and one multi‐generational family with microdeletions at 20p12.3 that include the bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) gene. In two propositi the deletion was almost identical at ∼600 kb in size, and BMP2 was the only gene deleted; the third case had a ∼5.5‐Mb deletion (20p13p12.2) that encompassed at least 20 genes including BMP2. Clinical features were significant for cleft palate and facial dysmorphism in all three patients, including Pierre‐Robin sequence in two. Microdeletion 20p13p12 involving BMP2 is rare and has been implicated in Wolff–Parkinson–White (WPW) syndrome with neurocognitive deficits and with Alagille syndrome when the deletion includes the neighboring JAG1 gene in addition to BMP2. Despite a significant role for the BMPs in orofacial development, heterozygous loss of BMP2 has not been previously reported in patients with syndromic clefting defects. Because BMP2 was the sole deleted gene in Patients 1 and 2 and one of the genes deleted in Patient 3, all of whom had clinical features in common, we suggest that haploinsufficiency for BMP2 is a crucial event that predisposes to cleft palate and additional anomalies. Lack of significant phenotypic components in family members of Patient 1 suggests variable expressivity for the phenotype. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparative study of maleated polypropylene as a coupling agent for recycled low‐density polyethylene/wood flour composites
Authors: Rodríguez‐Llamazares Saddys , Zuñiga Alejandro , Castaño Johanna , Radovic Ljubisa R. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe effects of the type of coupling agent and virgin polypropylene (PP) content on the mechanical properties and water absorption behavior of recycled low‐density polyethylene/wood flour (WF) composites were investigated. The fractured surfaces of these recycled wood/plastic composites (rWPCs) were examined to gain insight into the distribution and dispersion of WF within the polymer matrix. The results indicate that the use of 100% recycled polymer led to inferior mechanical properties and to a greater degree of moisture absorption and swelling when compared to recycled polymer–virgin PP wood/plastic composites. This could have been related to the poor melt strength and inferior processability of the recycled polymer. The extent of improvement of the mechanical properties depended not only on the virgin PP content in the matrix but also on the presence of maleic anhydride (MA) modified PP as the coupling agent. Higher concentrations of MA group were beneficial; this improvement was attributed to increased chemical bonding (ester linkages) between hydroxyl moieties in WF and anhydride moieties in the coupling agent. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Structure and physical–mechanical properties of interpolymeric complexes based on sodium carboxymethylcellulose
Authors: Inagamov Sabitjan Ya. , Mukhamedov Gafur I. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe structure and physical–mechanical properties of films of interpolymeric complexes (IPCs) based on sodium carboxymethylcellulose (Na‐CMC) with urea–formaldehyde oligomers (UFOs) of different structure are studied in this article. It is shown that films of IPC have higher rate of deformative–strength properties and elasticity, minimal rate of solutions' viscosity with equimolar proportion of components of Na‐CMC and UFO. The excess of Na‐CMC or UFO causes the decrease of strength and elasticity which in turn is connected with decreasing of intermolecular links frequency. The decreasing of IPC elasticity with excess of Na‐CMC or UFO is connected with creation of heterogenic structures, which can be seen in electronic microscope images. As a result, there were obtained films of IPC with various concentrations of triazinon cycle, which have a globular structure with different values of diameters (from 200 to 500 é), mechanical strength (80–140 MPa), modulus of elasticity (from 3 × 103 to 3.8 × 103 MPa), and the viscosity of solutions with a value in the range from 0.16 to 0.20 Pa s. Changing the structure of the interacting components gives the possibility to control substantially structure and properties of IPC based on Na‐CMC and UFO. Regulation of physical–mechanical properties of the IPC films provides numerous opportunities for their applications as soil conditioners in agriculture and as a base for semisolid medicinal forms in pharmacy. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Comparative study of copolymerization and terpolymerization of ethylene/propylene/diene monomers using metallocene catalyst
Authors: Mortazavi M. , Arabi H. , Ahmadjo S. , Nekoomanesh M. , Zohuri G. H. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract(Ind)2ZrCl2 catalyst was synthesized and used for copolymerization of ethylene and propylene (EPR) and terpolymerization of ethylene propylene and 5‐ethyldiene‐2‐norbornene (ENB). Methylaluminoxane (MAO) was used as cocatalyst. The activity of the catalyst was higher in copolymerization of ethylene and propylene (EPR) rather than in terpolymerization of ethylene, propylene and diene monomers. The effects of [Al] : [Zr] molar ratio, polymerization temperature, pressure ratio of ethylene/propylene and the ENB concentration on the terpolymerization behavior were studied. The highest productivity of the catalyst was obtained at 60°C, [Al] : [Zr] molar ratios of 750 : 1 and 500 : 1 for copolymerization and terpolymerization, respectively. Increasing the molar ratio of [Al] : [Zr] up to 500 : 1 increased the ethylene and ENB contents of the terpolymers, while beyond this ratio the productivity of the catalyst dropped, leading to lower ethylene and ENB contents. Terpolymerization was carried out batchwise at temperatures from 40 to 70°C. Rate time profiles of the polymerization were a decay type for both copolymerization and terpolymerization. Glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the obtained terpolymers were between −64 and −52°C. Glass transition temperatures of both copolymers and terpolymers were decreased with increased ethylene content of the polymers. Dynamic mechanical and rheological properties of the obtained polymers were studied. A compounded EPDM showed good thermal stability with time. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011