bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross-sectional study of the association between burnout and work overload and work-life imbalance among medical personnel in Liaoning, China: role of specialty
Authors: Mu Huijuan , Deng Yan , Li Yanxia , Xie Qiong , Na Jun , Mao Chunying , Geng Yihang , Sun Wei , Yan Lingjun , Pan Guowei 
Published: June 2024

ObjectivesBurnout is common among medical personnel in China and may be related to excessive and persistent work-related stressors by different specialties. The aims of this study were to assess the prevalence of burnout, work overload and work-life imbalance according to different specialties and to explore the effect of specialty, work overload and work-life imbalance on burnout among medical personnel.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingThis study was conducted in 1 tertiary general public hospital, 2 secondary general hospitals and 10 community health service stations in Liaoning, China.ParticipantsA total of 3299 medical personnel participated in the study.MethodsWe used the 15-item Chinese version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory General Survey (MBI-GS) to measure burnout. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to explore the association between medical specialty, work overload, work-life imbalance and burnout.Results3299 medical personnel were included in this study. The prevalence of burnout, severe burnout, work overload and work-life imbalance were 88.7%, 13.6%, 23.4% and 23.2%, respectively. Compared with medical personnel in internal medicine, working in obstetrics and gynaecology (OR=0.61, 95% CI 0.38, 0.99) and management (OR=0.45, 95% CI 0.28, 0.72) was significantly associated with burnout, and working in ICU （Intensive Care Unit）(OR=2.48, 95% CI 1.07, 5.73), surgery (OR=1.66, 95% CI 1.18, 2.35) and paediatrics (OR=0.24, 95% CI 0.07, 0.81) was significantly associated with severe burnout. Work overload and work-life imbalance were associated with higher ORs for burnout (OR=1.64, 95% CI 1.16, 2.32; OR=2.79, 95% CI 1.84, 4.24) and severe burnout (OR=4.33, 95% CI 3.43, 5.46; OR=3.35, 95% CI 2.64, 4.24).ConclusionsBurnout, work overload and work-life imbalance were prevalent among Chinese medical personnel but varied considerably by clinical specialty. Burnout may be reduced by decreasing work overload and promoting work-life balance across different specialties.
Shared genetic aetiology of respiratory diseases: a genome-wide multitraits association analysis
Authors: Chen Zhe , Gao Ning , Wang Xuanye , Chen Xiangming , Zeng YaQi , Li Cong , Yang Xiahong , Cai Qidong , Wang Xiang 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveThis study aims to explore the common genetic basis between respiratory diseases and to identify shared molecular and biological mechanisms.MethodsThis genome-wide pleiotropic association study uses multiple statistical methods to systematically analyse the shared genetic basis between five respiratory diseases (asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer and snoring) using the largest publicly available genome wide association studies summary statistics. The missions of this study are to evaluate global and local genetic correlations, to identify pleiotropic loci, to elucidate biological pathways at the multiomics level and to explore causal relationships between respiratory diseases. Data were collected from 27 November 2022 to 30 March 2023 and analysed from 14 April 2023 to 13 July 2023.Main outcomes and measuresThe primary outcomes are shared genetic loci, pleiotropic genes, biological pathways and estimates of genetic correlations and causal effects.ResultsSignificant genetic correlations were found for 10 paired traits in 5 respiratory diseases. Cross-Phenotype Association identified 12 400 significant potential pleiotropic single-nucleotide polymorphism at 156 independent pleiotropic loci. In addition, multitrait colocalisation analysis identified 15 colocalised loci and a subset of colocalised traits. Gene-based analyses identified 432 potential pleiotropic genes and were further validated at the transcriptome and protein levels. Both pathway enrichment and single-cell enrichment analyses supported the role of the immune system in respiratory diseases. Additionally, five pairs of respiratory diseases have a causal relationship.Conclusions and relevanceThis study reveals the common genetic basis and pleiotropic genes among respiratory diseases. It provides strong evidence for further therapeutic strategies and risk prediction for the phenomenon of respiratory disease comorbidity.
DYRK1B blockade promotes tumoricidal macrophage activity in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Brichkina Anna , Ems Miriam , Suezov Roman , Singh Rajeev , Lutz Veronika , Picard Felix S R , Nist Andrea , Stiewe Thorsten , Graumann Johannes , Daude Michael , Diederich Wibke E , Finkernagel Florian , Chung Ho-Ryun , Bartsch Detlef K , Roth Katrin , Keber Corinna , Denkert Carsten , Huber Magdalena , Gress Thomas M , Lauth Matthias 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveHighly malignant pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterised by an abundant immunosuppressive and fibrotic tumour microenvironment (TME). Future therapeutic attempts will therefore demand the targeting of tumours and stromal compartments in order to be effective. Here we investigate whether dual specificity and tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1B (DYRK1B) fulfil these criteria and represent a promising anticancer target in PDAC.DesignWe used transplantation and autochthonous mouse models of PDAC with either geneticDyrk1bloss or pharmacological DYRK1B inhibition, respectively. Mechanistic interactions between tumour cells and macrophages were studied in direct or indirect co-culture experiments. Histological analyses used tissue microarrays from patients with PDAC. Additional methodological approaches included bulk mRNA sequencing (transcriptomics) and proteomics (secretomics).ResultsWe found that DYRK1B is mainly expressed by pancreatic epithelial cancer cells and modulates the influx and activity of TME-associated macrophages through effects on the cancer cells themselves as well as through the tumour secretome. Mechanistically, genetic ablation or pharmacological inhibition of DYRK1B strongly attracts tumoricidal macrophages and, in addition, downregulates the phagocytosis checkpoint and ‘don’t eat me’ signal CD24 on cancer cells, resulting in enhanced tumour cell phagocytosis. Consequently, tumour cells lacking DYRK1B hardly expand in transplantation experiments, despite their rapid growth in culture. Furthermore, combining a small-molecule DYRK1B-directed therapy with mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition and conventional chemotherapy stalls the growth of established tumours and results in a significant extension of life span in a highly aggressive autochthonous model of PDAC.ConclusionIn light of DYRK inhibitors currently entering clinical phase testing, our data thus provide a novel and clinically translatable approach targeting both the cancer cell compartment and its microenvironment.
How does no-till affect soil-profile distribution of roots?
Authors: Ruis Sabrina J. , Blanco-Canqui Humberto 
Published: June 2024

No-till (NT) often causes prominent stratification of C and nutrients in the soil profile relative to tilled systems. We hypothesize differences in root distribution within the soil profile between NT and tilled systems could be one factor contributing to stratification. We evaluated how NT affects root length density (RLD), root biomass yield (RBY), and root diameter compared with other tillage systems and factors that may affect root characteristics. We reviewed studies until 23 January 2024 where RLD, RBY, or root diameter were reported under NT and tillage. The data on RLD, RBY, and root diameter were tabulated and the weighted log response ratio ( MLRR) and confidence intervals computed. Our meta-analysis showed NT increased RLD in the 0–10 cm depth, but it reduced RLD at 10–20 cm. It increased RBY and root diameter in the 0–20 cm depth and reduced both characteristics at 20–30 cm. Regardless of root characteristics, NT had mixed effects below 30 cm. However, across the soil profile (minimum 50 cm depth), NT had no effect on RLD and RBY. NT-induced changes in roots can be related to increased compaction at the tillage interface. NT stratified both RLD and RBY compared with high-intensity tillage systems, although there were some conditions where NT stratified only RLD or RBY. NT did not induce stratification of RLD and RBY in dry regions, mild, or hot climates, in medium-textured soils, or compared with intermediate-intensity tillage systems. Overall, NT can result in stratification of both RBY and RLD compared with high-intensity tillage systems.
Fission valleys and favored isotopes emitted from $$^{310}$$126
Authors: Gherghescu Radu A. , Stoecker Horst , Poenaru Dorin N. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe decay channels for the superheavy nucleus $$^{310}$$

310

126 are studied under the binary macroscopic–microscopic method. The macroscopic part is calculated as the heavy-light interacting charged liquid drops, linked through the finite range Yukawa-plus-exponential force. The microscopic energy is calculated based on the spheroidally deformed two-center shell model. The proton and neutron single-particle levels are introduced in the binary Strutinsky procedure. The resulting shell corrections are added to the macroscopic part to obtain the fission barriers. The dynamical part follows by introducing the Werner–Wheeler inertia. The final lifetimes are calculated for all possible isotopic channels around the most favored heavy-light fragment pairs.
Forecasting the Burden of Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke in the United States Through 2050—Prevalence of Risk Factors and Disease: A Presidential Advisory From the American Heart Association
Authors: Joynt Maddox Karen E. , Elkind Mitchell S.V. , Aparicio Hugo J. , Commodore-Mensah Yvonne , de Ferranti Sarah D. , Dowd William N. , Hernandez Adrian F. , Khavjou Olga , Michos Erin D. , Palaniappan Latha , Penko Joanne , Poudel Remy , Roger Véronique L. , Kazi Dhruv S. ,   on behalf of the American Heart Association
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND:
Cardiovascular disease and stroke are common and costly, and their prevalence is rising. Forecasts on the prevalence of risk factors and clinical events are crucial.

METHODS:
Using the 2015 to March 2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and 2015 to 2019 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, we estimated trends in prevalence for cardiovascular risk factors based on adverse levels of Life’s Essential 8 and clinical cardiovascular disease and stroke. We projected through 2050, overall and by age and race and ethnicity, accounting for changes in disease prevalence and demographics.

RESULTS:
We estimate that among adults, prevalence of hypertension will increase from 51.2% in 2020 to 61.0% in 2050. Diabetes (16.3% to 26.8%) and obesity (43.1% to 60.6%) will increase, whereas hypercholesterolemia will decline (45.8% to 24.0%). The prevalences of poor diet, inadequate physical activity, and smoking are estimated to improve over time, whereas inadequate sleep will worsen. Prevalences of coronary disease (7.8% to 9.2%), heart failure (2.7% to 3.8%), stroke (3.9% to 6.4%), atrial fibrillation (1.7% to 2.4%), and total cardiovascular disease (11.3% to 15.0%) will rise. Clinical CVD will affect 45 million adults, and CVD including hypertension will affect more than 184 million adults by 2050 (>61%). Similar trends are projected in children. Most adverse trends are projected to be worse among people identifying as American Indian/Alaska Native or multiracial, Black, or Hispanic.

CONCLUSIONS:
The prevalence of many cardiovascular risk factors and most established diseases will increase over the next 30 years. Clinical and public health interventions are needed to effectively manage, stem, and even reverse these adverse trends.
Cerebrovascular Effects of Sildenafil in Small Vessel Disease: The OxHARP Trial
Authors: Webb Alastair J.S. , Birks Jacqueline S. , Feakins Karolina A. , Lawson Amy , Dawson Jesse , Rothman Alexander M.K. , Werring David J. , Llwyd Osian , Stewart Catriona R. , Thomas James 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND:
Vascular cognitive impairment due to cerebral small vessel disease is associated with cerebral pulsatility, white matter hypoperfusion, and reduced cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), and is potentially improved by endothelium-targeted drugs such as cilostazol. Whether sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, improves cerebrovascular dysfunction is unknown.

METHODS:

OxHARP trial (Oxford Haemodynamic Adaptation to Reduce Pulsatility) was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, 3-way crossover trial after nonembolic cerebrovascular events with mild-moderate white matter hyperintensities (WMH), the most prevalent manifestation of cerebral small vessel disease. The primary outcome assessed the superiority of 3 weeks of sildenafil 50 mg thrice daily versus placebo (mixed-effect linear models) on middle cerebral artery pulsatility, derived from peak systolic and end-diastolic velocities (transcranial ultrasound), with noninferiority to cilostazol 100 mg twice daily. Secondary end points included the following: cerebrovascular reactivity during inhalation of air, 4% and 6% CO
2
on transcranial ultrasound (transcranial ultrasound-CVR); blood oxygen-level dependent–magnetic resonance imaging within WMH (CVR-WMH) and normal-appearing white matter (CVR-normal-appearing white matter); cerebral perfusion by arterial spin labeling (magnetic resonance imaging pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling); and resistance by cerebrovascular conductance. Adverse effects were compared by Cochran Q.

RESULTS:

In 65/75 (87%) patients (median, 70 years;79% male) with valid primary outcome data, cerebral pulsatility was unchanged on sildenafil versus placebo (0.02, −0.01 to 0.05;
P
=0.18), or versus cilostazol (−0.01, −0.04 to 0.02;
P
=0.36), despite increased blood flow (∆ peak systolic velocity, 6.3 cm/s, 3.5–9.07;
P
<0.001; ∆ end-diastolic velocity, 1.98, 0.66–3.29;
P
=0.004). Secondary outcomes improved on sildenafil versus placebo for CVR-transcranial ultrasound (0.83 cm/s per mm Hg, 0.23–1.42;
P
=0.007), CVR-WMH (0.07, 0–0.14;
P
=0.043), CVR-normal-appearing white matter (0.06, 0.00–0.12;
P
=0.048), perfusion (WMH: 1.82 mL/100 g per minute, 0.5–3.15;
P
=0.008; and normal-appearing white matter, 2.12, 0.66–3.6;
P
=0.006) and cerebrovascular resistance (sildenafil-placebo: 0.08, 0.05–0.10;
P
=4.9×10
−8
; cilostazol-placebo, 0.06, 0.03–0.09;
P
=5.1×10
−5
). Both drugs increased headaches (
P
=1.1×10
−4
), while cilostazol increased moderate-severe diarrhea (
P
=0.013).

CONCLUSIONS:
Sildenafil did not reduce pulsatility but increased cerebrovascular reactivity and perfusion. Sildenafil merits further study to determine whether it prevents the clinical sequelae of small vessel disease.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03855332
; Unique identifier: NCT03855332.
Food Security Status of Female-Headed Households in Ethiopia
Authors: Mohammed Awol Ali 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This article aims to explore the food security status of female-headed households and its determinant factors in Sidama Regional State, Ethiopia. To that end, the article used both quantitative and qualitative research approaches, as well as multistage sampling techniques and blending both descriptive and econometric statistics during data analysis. The findings depicted that 40.97% of female-head households were food secure, 15.97% of female headed households were mildly food insecure, 18.75% were highly food insecure, and 24.31% were severely food insecure. The study also involves demographic, socioeconomic, and institutional factors that had a substantial impact on food security in female-headed households in the study area. Finally, the study advised that rural female-headed families receive special care and support in order to improve their livelihoods and food security status, and that livestock holding and cultivated land size play an important role in boosting food security.
Introduction
Authors: Gaston Bruce 
Published: June 2024

This book collects thirteen short stories by ‘Saki’ (Hector Hugh Munro): ten in their original periodical versions and three that had been forgotten until recently. The first ten were rewritten when they were reprinted as part of the volume The Chronicles of Clovis (1911). Reconstructing the composition/publishing process from Munro’s correspondence with his new publisher (John Lane at The Bodley Head), I argue that the title was imposed on Munro, who acquiesced by writing more stories featuring his Clovis character and by reworking older works so that Clovis appeared in them. The intention in doing so was to give the collection more of a thematic unity, and thereby anticipate the difficulty that publishers felt they had in interesting the reading public in volumes of unconnected stories. Munro also made another concession to his publisher in a significantly rewritten and expanded version of his political fantasy ‘Ministers of Grace’, which unfortunately only obscured the satirical thrust of the original version. Similarly, readers will likely prefer the originals of the other stories before they were distorted to include Clovis.
‘Mrs. Pendercoet’s Lost Identity’ is adduced here, being an example of a contemporaneous story that could be given a differently named protagonist because it was not destined to be part of The Chronicles of Clovis. ‘The Romance of Business’, conversely, is a later example of a Clovis story, unusual because it was written on commission. These two rediscovered stories are accompanied by another, ‘The Optimist’, which showcases Munro’s ability to cater for a wider public by writing in a more naturalistic and serious way.
Improving Subseasonal Soil Moisture and Evaporative Stress Index Forecasts through Machine Learning: The Role of Initial Land State versus Dynamical Model Output
Authors: Lorenz David J. , Otkin Jason A. , Zaitchik Benjamin F. , Hain Christopher , Holmes Thomas R. H. , Anderson Martha C. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The effect of machine learning and other enhancements on statistical–dynamical forecasts of soil moisture (0–10 and 0–100 cm) and a reference evapotranspiration fraction [evaporative stress index (ESI)] on subseasonal time scales (15–28 days) are explored. The predictors include the current and past land surface conditions and dynamical model hindcasts from the Subseasonal to Seasonal Prediction project (S2S). When the methods are enhanced with machine learning and other improvements, the increases in skill are almost exclusively coming from predictors drawn from observations of current and past land surface states. This suggests that operational S2S flash drought forecasts should focus on optimizing use of information on current conditions rather than on integrating dynamically based forecasts, given the current state of knowledge. Nonlinear machine learning methods lead to improved skill over linear methods for soil moisture but not for ESI. Improvements for both soil moisture and ESI are realized by increasing the sample size by including surrounding grid points in training and increasing the number of predictors. In addition, all the improvements in the soil moisture forecasts predominantly impact soil moistening rather than soil drying—i.e., prediction of conditions moving away from drought rather than into drought—especially when the initial soil state is drier than normal. The physical reasons for the nonlinear machine learning improvements are also explored.

Significance Statement
Rapidly intensifying droughts pose extra challenges for predictability. Here, dynamical forecast model output is combined with nonlinear machine learning methods to improve forecasts of rapid changes in soil moisture and the evaporative stress index (ESI).
Cold Surge Impacts on the Structure, Energy Budget, and Turbulence of the South China Sea Boundary Layer
Authors: Wang Kuan-Yun , Sui Chung-Hsiung , Lu Mong-Ming , Hong Jing-Shan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Episodic cold surges in the East Asian winter monsoon can penetrate deep into the South China Sea (SCS), enhance consequent tropical rainfall, and further strengthen the East Asia meridional overturning circulation. These cold surges can promote strong surface fluxes and lead to a deeper marine boundary layer (MBL). However, there is a lack of boundary layer studies over the SCS, unlike many other well-studied regions such as the North Atlantic Ocean and the central-eastern Pacific Ocean. In this study, we use high-resolution radiosonde data of temperature and humidity profiles over Dongsha Island (20.70°N, 116.69°E) to identify the inversion layer, mixed layer, cloud base, cloud top, and factors controlling low cloud cover for the period of December–February from 2010 to 2020. We perform an energy budget analysis with ERA5 meteorological variables and surface fluxes. Here, we show a strong turbulent flux convergence of both heat and moisture within the SCS MBL during cold surges, which leads to a lifting of the mixed layer to ∼1.0 km and the inversion layer to ∼2.0 km and associated cloud development over Dongsha Island. The cold and dry horizontal advection is balanced by this vertical turbulent flux convergence in the energy budget. Overall, cold surges over the SCS enhance a lower branch of winter monsoon meridional overturning circulation with stronger inversion and higher low cloud covers.

Significance Statement
Cold surges in the East Asian winter monsoon bring cold and dry air from Eurasian continent to the South China Sea where strong air–sea fluxes and pronounced shallow clouds are unique climatological features. The convective boundary layer (CBL) over the SCS and upstream northwest Pacific (NWP) is important in maintaining the East Asia (EA) meridional overturning circulation. However, the CBL over the SCS–NWP is poorly understood and the lack of understanding can lead to unrealistic boundary layer turbulence and energy transport such that the tropical convection and the overturning circulation are incorrectly represented. In this study, we use high-quality radiosonde data at Dongsha, reanalysis, and satellite cloud data to show the CBL structure and their evolution during the passage of cold surges in northern SCS. We anticipate that our study will motivate more atmosphere–ocean joint observation and PBL-related studies over the SCS–NWP.
Physical harms associated with suprascapular nerve block interventions in the non-surgical management of acute and chronic shoulder pain: A systematic review
Authors: Annison David Richard , Smith Neil , Salt Emma , Noblet Tim , Rangan Amar , McDaid Catriona 
Published: June 2024

Background The utility of the suprascapular nerve block (SSNB) in the non-surgical management of shoulder pain continues to be explored, whilst its associated physical harms have not. This systematic review aims to report the physical harms associated with the SSNB in the non-surgical management of shoulder pain. Methods A search was undertaken of AMED, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Medline, Pubmed, and Scopus databases. Studies were included if they reported the presence or absence of harm following a SSNB intervention (injection, pulsed radiofrequency, ablation) in the non-surgical management of acute or chronic shoulder pain. Excluded studies were those which utilised SSNB for peri, intra, or post-surgical intervention. The McMaster tool for assessing quality of harms assessment and reporting was utilised. Results A total of 111 studies were included in this review of which 168 episodes of harm were reported across 4142 participants. Harm severity ranged from pneumothorax (n = 5) to local pain and bruising (n = 50). The quality of harms assessment and reporting across all studies was poor. Discussion Despite heterogeneity in SSNB intervention, and low-quality evidence, SSNB carries a low risk of physical harm. Further work is needed in addressing the poor quality of harms assessment and reporting in SSNB studies.