bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Uncommon Dental Anomaly: Talon Cusp
Authors: Hegde Usha , Paras Mull J , Danish Gazala , Nabeel Syed 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT
Talon cusp is an uncommon dental anomaly presenting as an accessory cusp. It is seen in both deciduous and permanent dentition and on lingual and facial surfaces of anterior teeth. It can occur unilaterally or bilaterally. The incidence of occurrence is more in maxillary teeth. It is usually asymptomatic but can pose functional and esthetic problems. This article presents the review of talon cusp in relation to its definition, etiopathogenesis, prevalence, clinical and histological findings, clinical implications, radiographic findings, classification and management aspects.
Intermediate Type of Osteopetrosis in a Ten Year Old Boy
Authors: Puranik Surekha R , Singh Satwinder , Rakaraddi Mangala 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTOsteopetrosis is a disease characterized by failure of osteoclasts of bone as a consequence bone modeling and remodeling is impaired, characteristically resulting in skeletal fragility despite of increased density, which also cause hematopoietic insufficiency, disturbed tooth eruption, nerve disturbances, syndrome and growth impairment. Human OP is a heterogeneous genetic disorder encompassing different molecular lesions and range of clinical features, which share single pathogenic nexus in the osteoclasts. We present a rare case of osteopetrosis in a 10-year-old boy with a palatal bony and infraorbital inflammatory swellings. The characteristic clinical, radiologic, and laboratory evaluation confirmed the diagnosis of intermediate osteopetrosis.
XP Bond in Self-Cure Mode Used for Luting Porcelain Restorations: 4-year Recall
Authors: Cagidiaco Maria Crysanti , Goracci Cecilia , Polimeni Antonella 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The aim of this clinical study was to evaluate some clinical parameters of Empress II restorations luted under clinical conditions with XP Bond in combination with SCA and Calibra cured in self-cure mode after 4 years of clinical service.

Materials and methods
Fifty-three restorations were placed in 38 patients from March 2006 until April 2006. No patient received more than two restorations. Luting procedures were performed following manufacturers’ instructions. The restorations were evaluated for postoperative sensitivity, marginal discoloration, marginal integrity, secondary caries, maintenance of interproximal contact and fracture at baseline, after 2 weeks, 6 months, 1, 2, 3 and 4 years of clinical service.

Results
At the 4-year recall 49 restorations were reevaluated. The clinical examination showed that postoperative sensitivity did not affect any restoration. Only 5 restorations of 49 showed bravo score and 2 charlie for marginal integrity/stain.1 restoration showed bravo score at vitality test and another restoration for interproximal contact. Secondary caries, retention and fracture parameters showed alpha scores.

Conclusion
All the evaluated restorations were in place and acceptable. The postoperative sensitivity recorded after using XP BOND with SCA and Calibra in self-cure mode was clinically acceptable after 4 years of clinical service and no serious endodontic complications were recorded.
Analysis of Copper and Zinc Levels in the Mucosal Tissue and Serum of Oral Submucous Fibrosis Patients
Authors: Nayak Ajay G , Chatra Laxmikanth , Prashanth Shenai K 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a well-recognized potentially malignant disease of oral mucosa whose exact pathogenetic mechanisms have not been understood. Measurement of copper and zinc levels in the tissue and serum of these patients may be helpful in understanding the pathogenesis. Therefore, a study was undertaken to analyze the levels of these trace elements in the populations of the coastal region of south Karnataka and north Kerala, India, who show predominant use of areca nut due to their cultural and social backgrounds.

Methods
A case-control study was conducted on 20 cases of OSMF and 20 controls. The tissue and serum concentrations of copper and zinc in these 40 subjects were measured by colorimetry.

Results
The mean tissue copper level in OSMF group was 4.31 ± 1.13 μg/gm, while the tissue zinc level was 25.18 ± 4.92 μg/gm. The mean serum copper level in the OSMF group was 1.00 ± 0.20 μg/ml while the mean serum zinc level was 0.92 ± 0.18 μg/ml.

Interpretation and conclusion
The tissue copper levels in OSMF group showed very highly significant difference (p = 0.001) from the controls while the difference in tissue zinc levels was highly significant (p = 0.009). The serum levels of copper (p = 0.35) and zinc (p = 0.08) did not exhibit any statistical difference from those of the control group. These findings indicate that the trace elements, copper and zinc, within the oral mucosa definitely, have a role to play in the pathogenetic mechanisms of OSMF.
Mercury Vapor Release from Amalgam Restorations: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Sajjan Girija , Tavane Pradeep N , Mehta Deepak 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT
Dental amalgam has served as an excellent and versatile restorative material for more than 150 years despite periods of controversies. If we were to believe the opinions of some of the last decade, dental amalgam would not survive as a restorative material into the 21st century. Various forces at work seemed to doom it to extinction.
The aim of the present study is to further characterize the factors that contribute to elemental mercury vapor exposure and to recommend how the practicing dentist can best minimize exposure in the practice setting.
Part 2: “I would Rather have a Root Canal than...” Francis W Allen discusses the challenges of cleaning the canal thoroughly to minimize pain and ensure long-term success
Authors: Allen Francis W 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT
The primary objective of root canal therapy is retention of pulpless or pulpally involved tooth with its associated periapical tissues in a healthy state. Achievement of this objective requires that the pulpal spaces and contents be eliminated as sources of infection. No instrumentation technique can be100% effective in removing debris all the time. Although with Light speed technique we can achieve 95% removal of debris, introduction of an antimicrobial endodontic irrigant plays vital role in cleaning up any remaining debris and bacteria that can lead to pain and failure during root canal treatment. With traditional positive pressure irrigation technique getting an adequate amount of irrigant to flow into the last 1mm is not safe and easy. Additionally, techniques recommend 30 or 45 minutes of soaking, which is time consuming. These difficulties can be avoided by novel idea of reversing the irrigation process with EndoVac (discus) by using negative apical pressure for irrigation. SMART endo using light speed technique and endovac irrigation is faster, easier, safer, and can remove 99+% of the debris and bacteria in the critical apical region of the canal. That means less painful, better and more successful root canal treatment.
Temporary Orthodontic Anchorage Devices
Authors: Vijayalakshmi PS , Veereshi AS 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT
Efficient anchorage control is one of the important requisites for successful orthodontic treatment. The conventional means of anchorage control have been the use of transpalatal /lingual arch and palatal button but disadvantage is they do not provide absolute anchorage. Though the use of headgear provide efficient anchorage control, the patients are not compliant in using a headgear. Orthodontic implants have provided us with noncompliant and efficient means of anchorage control. This article traces the journey of development of implants as temporary anchorage devices.
Antibiotics are Passe: Take a Look at Probiotics
Authors: Manjunath M , Deepak TA , Pewa Shubha 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT
“Part of the secret of success in life is to eat, what you like and let the food fight it out inside.”
—Mark Twain
This age—old quote was probably the first reference to a relatively novel group of organisms fondly known as ‘probiotics’. Probiotics are live organisms that alter the composition or metabolic activities of the microbiota, or to modulate immune system reactivity in a way that benefits our health. In other words, they are microorganisms good for our health. To achieve this, probiotics actively ‘compete’ with pathogenic bacteria for attachment sites, nutrition, etc. Probiotics are also beneficial by eliminating the toxins produced by pathogens, hereby rendering them invalid.
Research surrounding probiotics has historically focused on digestive health. Over recent years, scientists have been investigating the potential immune benefits of probiotics, as well as other benefits beyond the recognized area of gut.
This article attempts to summarize the mechanisms of action of probiotics with a brief overview of some of the oral benefits of certain probiotics organisms.
Proteus Syndrome: A Rare Entity
Authors: Nanjappa Madan , Keerthi R , Kumaraswamy SV , Anup Kumar G 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT
The Proteus syndrome is a rare congenital hamartomatous condition that is characterized by a wide range of malformations, sometimes involving the face. Common manifestations include partial gigantism, congenital lipomas, and plantar hyperplasia. In this report, we describe a case of an 18-year-old male patient with Proteus syndrome, who had pronounced hemifacial hypertrophy, exostoses in the left parietal region, and enlargement of the inferior alveolar nerve and mandibular canal in the affected region. The dental development of the affected left mandible and maxilla was characterized by extremely premature development and eruption of the permanent teeth. The proposed multidisciplinary management of the patient and a review of literature of the Proteus patients, who exhibited manifestation in the craniofacial region is discussed in this report.
Carcinoma Ex Pleomorphic Adenoma of Upper Lip: An Unusual Presentation
Authors: Nandi Devarshi , Shivaprasad S , Ashok L , Ahmed Mujib BR 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT
Carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma is a rare salivary gland malignancy, usually derived from a long-standing or recurrent benign tumor, the pleomorphic adenoma.1 This rare tumor comprises less than 4% of salivary gland neoplasms and 11.6% of salivary gland carcinomas. They mostly involve the “major” salivary glands1 and their occurrence in the minor salivary gland is considered rare, especially in the upper lip. So far there is only one report of CXPA occurring in the upper lip in the literature.13 Hereby, we present a case of carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma in a 52-year-old woman who reported to our department with a painful swelling on the upper lip which was diagnosed and treated successfully.
The Rationale for Dental Safety
Authors: Youngblood Dennis , Reddy Anil , Puttaiah Raghunath 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT
Dental infection control and occupational safety are very important aspects of dentistry. It is quintessential to provide safe care to patients and at the same time not to be affected personally by occupational hazards. While patient safety addresses control of disease transmission to patients during care, occupational safety addresses control of occupational hazards to the care provider. Collectively, we can refer to both patient safety and occupational safety as “dental safety”.
“Primum non nocere” or “first, do no harm” is the key to providing safe dental care. Dentistry has evolved in science, technology and esthetics over the years, and around making various types and options of treatments available, but dental safety has not kept pace with changes and advancements. This is not due to lack of availability of information, materials and equipment, but due to lack of importance given to safety in comparison with other fields of dental sciences. While dental care is important in improving oral health, dental safety is important in controlling morbidity and mortality that is more important than improving oral health.
In this manuscript, we address the rationale for understanding the need for dental safety. We address recent status in epidemiology of infectious diseases, including HIV, infectious diseases commonly encountered during provision of dental care, routes of disease transmission, Spaulding's classification of surfaces, universal and standard precautions, additional precautions while anticipating certain diseases or during certain endemics and epidemics, and finally infectious disease related stigma impacting universal precautions.
Heterogeneous Glycopeptides from Gastric Mucin Inhibit Dental Decay in Rats: A Pilot Study
Authors: Seemann Rainer , Juhr Norbert-Christian , Kage Andreas 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT
The aim of this pilot study was to investigate whether the application of sufficient amounts of soluble adhesin receptor analogues in the oral cavity could effectively inhibit the lectin mediated binding of Strep. mutans, and consequently the development of dental caries in vivo. Germ free rats were orally infected with Strep. mutans and were fed a high cariogenic diet. The control-group was given sterilized tap water. The test group received a sterilized solution of hydrolyzed gastric mucin. The test group developed significantly less carious lesions on approximal surfaces. Our data revealed that a continuous supplementation of glycopeptides from gastic mucins via drinking water is a potential inhibitor of dental decay in gnotobiotic rats.
Pearls in Pediatric Dentistry
Authors: Puttaiah Raghunath , Reddy Anil Kumar 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT
Pearls in Pediatric Dentistry is a series of educational articles that address essential clinical applications for all levels of dental care providers who come in contact with pediatric dental patients. Sources of information for these modules are derived from standards, bestpractices, evidence-based care, academic consensus, and finally clinical experience. Modules will address clinical care issues from infancy all the way to into adulthood. Specific topics to be covered are infant oral health, developmental disturbances, trauma, cariogenic medications, oral habits and interventions, acceptable restorative treatments, minor surgical procedures, space-maintainers, special needs dentistry, behavior management, and special topics.
Sistemas de informação e evolução tecnológica: mitos e realidade
Authors: Almeida José Maria Fernandes de 
Published: December 2010

Os Sistemas de Informação – para gestão ou não – são representações artificiais construídas pelo Homem para representar factos, acontecimentos e fluxos que observou no mundo real. O objectivo deste trabalho é tentar demonstrar que a evolução tecnológica de alguns subsistemas contribui para executar de modo mais preciso e com maior rapidez as funções sistémicas, sendo estas invariantes. Foi adoptada como metodologia o relato do percurso realizado pelo autor ao longo de 24 anos de actividade empresarial e 12 anos de docência universitária na área dos Sistemas de Informação, incluindo a descrição dos resultados obtidos num conjunto de projectos diversos. Sendo vulgar considerar-se que o desenvolvimento de um projecto e a construção de uma solução dependem da tecnologia existente e disponível, no presente artigo é também realçado o facto de muitas soluções construídas com tecnologia muito pouco desenvolvida, terem permitdo obter “ganhos” muito significativos, apesar de terem ocorrido há muito tempo.
The Intersubjective Ethic of Julieta Paredes’ Poetic
Authors: Daly Tara 
Published: December 2010

This paper explores the ways in which the feminist activist group Mujeres Creando’s contemporary urban street performances and Julieta Paredes‘ poetry catalyze discussions around intersubjective ethics in the Andes. First, I discuss subjectivity as suspended in the inextricable space between embodiment and textuality, between the physical attributes of breathing bodies and the subsequent categorization of them in language and texts. Second, I argue that Mujeres Creando's and Paredes’ emphasis on the body as a site of active resistance to social norms contributes to the creation of what Emmanuel Levinas calls a “living poetic.“ This living, embodied poetic is less about producing a frozen "said," fixed in language than about creating a breathing, moving "saying", as is perpetuated through spoken dialogue. The necessity for an ethical poetic emerges out of colonial conditions that have created definitions of the human and the “less than” or “other than,” often based on superficial physical categorizations. Ultimately, through their ongoing work, Mujeres Creando and Julieta Paredes expand the potential for a more inclusive community based upon mutual responsibility and respect for the self and other, regardless of race, gender, or sexuality.
Migration, Informalization and Public Space in Santa Cruz, Bolivia
Authors: Kirshner Joshua 
Published: December 2010

In this paper, I ask how migrant insertion into the local economy, in particular in the informal economy, has led to contestation over public space in Santa Cruz. Related to this issue, the paper asks what sorts of collective actions are used to defend rights to the use of urban public space, and what are the key points of contention. In my analysis, I look at theoretical connections between the informal economy and urban space, recent changes in the Santa Cruz local economy ‒including accelerated migration and the burgeoning informal economy‒ and conflicts over uses of public urban space.
The Need to Compromise Existence. Nation and Decolonization in the Bolivian Cinema of the Neoliberal Era
Authors: Mattos Vazualdo Diego 
Published: December 2010

The aim of this essay is twofold: to analyze post-dictatorial Bolivian filmic discourse on the thematic of the nation vis-à-vis processes of decolonization, and to observe the effect that this relation had in the formation of subjectivities during the so called “neoliberal” era . Toward this end, I examine three films that reflect on the colonial condition of the nation through cinematographic language: Mi socio (Paolo Agazzi, 1982), La nación clandestina (Jorge Sanjinés, 1989), and American Visa (Juan Carlos Valdivia, 2005).
Mapping a New Geography of Space and Power
Authors: Fabricant Nicole 
Published: December 2010

In this paper, I analyze the ways in which MST-Bolivia (Movimiento Sin Tierra) forged a national-level movement through one counter-hegemonic event: the Fifth Indigenous March for Land and Territory, which originated in Santa Cruz de la Sierra in October 2006. This march enacted a powerful performance of pan-indigenous solidarity and nationalistic sentiment which led to a public declaration by president Evo Morales to approve the New Agrarian Reform Law. I focus in particular on the organizational and spatial structure of the march, and on the significance of seizing public space in protest.
Mujeres Creando Comunidad: Feminizating Communty
Authors: Alfaro Raquel 
Published: December 2010

This work is a critical examination of the very foundations that gave rise to the thought-provoking alternative community proposed by Mujeres Creando Comunidad. I show that the special feature of this project is the fact that it arises from within a feminist social movement that is predominatly indigenous. This allows the movement to take the Andean ethical principle of human coexistance (the “being-as-one-with-the-Other”) to its limits, to successfully transcend patriarchal paradigms underlying both indigenous and Western societies, and to postulate a possible space of coexistance where relations between men and women are symmetrical. I emphasize the fact that it is the connection of this project to ancestral anti-patriarchal wars that prevents it (as distinct from other feminist currents), from becoming a futile inversion of energies in its efforts to create of a balance between the male and the female poles. This is because at no time does Mujeres Creando Comunidad lose sight that gender asymmetries respond to a structural and systemic problem.
This is Us, We are Government. Experience of Social Movements in Bolivia
Authors: Quiroga María Virginia 
Published: December 2010

The emergence of social movements in the public arena had to do with neoliberalism´s negative consequences. Different actors with different interests worked together against the system, which became their “common antagonist”. On the one hand, after years of autonomous organization, these social movements won social recognition and increased their power. On the other, political parties and trade unions lost legitimacy. In December 2005, a faction of the Bolivian social movements won the general elections, and Evo Morales (the cocalero movement´s leader) became the first Aymara president in Bolivian history. How to manage this government it is one of the majors challenges the social movements confront in today’s Bolivia.
Surgical Treatment of Ocular Toxocariasis: Anatomic and Functional Results in 45 Patients
Authors: Giuliari Gian Paolo , Ramirez Gema , Cortez Rafael T. 
Published: December 2010

Purpose TO evaluate the anatomic and functional outcome after surgery in patients with complicated ocular toxocariasis. Methods A retrospective review of the medical records of pediatric patients who underwent a surgical procedure for ocular toxocariasis from July 1990 to January 2005. Patients with postoperative follow-up shorter than 6 months were excluded from the study. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was arbitrarily divided into 5 groups: 1) no light perception (NLP); 2) light perception (LP) and hand motion (HM); 3) finger counting (FC) to 20/400; 4) 20/300 to 20/60; and 5) 20/50 to 20/20. Results Forty-five patients with a mean age of 8.1 years (range 6–10) were included in the study. The ocular toxocariasis presentation most commonly encountered was peripheral granuloma (38%). Twenty-one eyes presented with BCVA in the LP/HM group, 18 (40%) eyes in the FC to 20/400 group, 5 (12%) eyes in the 20/300 to 20/60 group, and 1 (5%) eye in the 20/50 to 20/20 group. The most common surgical procedure was pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) in 58% of the eyes. Four eyes (9%) presented with postoperative BCVA of NLP, 2 eyes (4%) in the LP/HM group, 12 eyes (27%) in the FC to 20/400 group, 19 eyes (42%) in the 20/300 to 20/60 group, and 8 eyes (18%) in the 20/50 to 20/20 group. Conclusions Surgical treatment of severe ocular complications secondary to toxocara infections results in satisfactory anatomic results and may improve the overall visual outcome of these patients.