bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring Structure Diversity in Atomic Resolution Microscopy With Graph
Authors: Luo Zheng , Feng Ming , Gao Zijian , Yu Jinyang , Chen Cheng , Hu Liang , Wang Tao , Xue Shen'ao , Zhou Shen , Ouyang Fangping , Feng Dawei , Wang Huaimin , Xu Kele , Zhang Jin , Wang Shanshan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe emergence of deep learning (DL) has provided great opportunities for the high‐throughput analysis of atomic‐resolution micrographs. However, the DL models trained by image patches in fixed size generally lack efficiency and flexibility when processing micrographs containing diversified atomic configurations. Herein, inspired by the similarity between the atomic structures and graphs, a few‐shot learning framework based on an equivariant graph neural network (EGNN) to analyze a library of atomic structures (e.g., vacancies, phases, grain boundaries, doping, etc.) is described, showing significantly promoted robustness and three orders of magnitude reduced computing parameters compared to the image‐driven DL models, which is especially evident for those aggregated vacancy lines with flexible lattice distortion. Besides, the intuitiveness of graphs enables quantitative and straightforward extraction of the atomic‐scale structural features in batches, thus statistically unveiling the self‐assembly dynamics of vacancy lines under electron beam irradiation. A versatile model toolkit is established by integrating EGNN sub‐models for single structure recognition to process images involving varied configurations in the form of a task chain, leading to the discovery of novel doping configurations with superior electrocatalytic properties for hydrogen evolution reactions. This work provides a powerful tool to explore structure diversity in a fast, accurate, and intelligent manner.
Leveraging Strong Electric Field Gradients at Anapole Resonances for Enhanced Second Harmonic Generation from Molybdenum Disulfide Disks
Authors: Biswas Rabindra , Prosad Asish , A. S. Lal Krishna , Chatterjee Suman , Bag Urmila , Konkada Manattayil Jyothsna , Raghunathan Varun 
Published: February 2025

AbstractVan der Waals layered materials are emerging as promising nanophotonic platforms for realizing linear and nonlinear optical devices. In particular, the high refractive indices of transition metal dichalcogenides, combined with their strong layer dependent optical properties offer interesting possibilities for designing photonic functionalities. In this study, the resonant enhancement of second harmonic generation (SHG) using molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) disks on a silicon substrate with an intermediate silicon dioxide (SiO2) layer is demonstrated. The resonant enhancement observed here is attributed to the combined interaction of the anapole scattering modes supported within the disk and Fabry‐Perot (FP) modes within the multilayer stack. For a fixed MoS2 disk dimensions, an optimized SiO2 layer thickness results in constructive interference between the anapole and FP modes, thereby enhancing the fundamental field within the disk. Utilizing this resonance mechanism, SHG enhancements as high as 160 and 85‐times are experimentally demonstrated when compared with unpatterned multilayer and monolayer MoS2 flakes respectively. These are the highest reported enhancement values for the widely used 2H‐polytype MoS2. A significant enhancement in SHG is observed here for 2H‐MoS2 despite the alternating sheet dipoles canceling the far‐field emission owing to the strong electric field gradient setup within the disk at the anapole resonance.
Ionic Liquid Induced Static and Dynamic Interface Double Shields for Long‐Lifespan All‐Temperature Zn‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Qiu Meijia , Xin Yijia , Liang Yuxuan , Liu Yongtao , Chen Jinguo , Li Jinliang , Sun Peng , Fan Hong Jin , Mai Wenjie 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAqueous Zn‐ion batteries (ZIBs) have experienced substantial advancements recently, while the aqueous electrolytes exhibit limited thermal adaptability. The low‐cost Zn(BF4)2 salt possesses potential low‐temperature application, while brings unsatisfied stability of Zn anodes. To address this challenge, an ionic liquid based eutectic electrolyte (ILEE) utilizing the Zn(BF4)2 presenting remarkable stability across a temperature range of ≈−100–150 °C is developed, enabling ZIBs to operate in diverse thermal conditions. The inner Zn2+ solvation structure can be modulated to a BF4−‐rich state within the ILEE system, forming a static ZnF₂ layer at the electrolyte‐Zn anode interface, as evidenced by ab initial molecular dynamic simulations. Moreover, the positively charged EMIM+ can accumulate on the Zn anodes to form the secondary electrostatic dynamic shield that mitigates the uncontrollable Zn dendrites growth, enhancing the overall cycling life of Zn anodes to over 10 times compared with the pure Zn(BF4)2 system. When utilizing the ILEE as the electrolyte, PANI||Zn full cells demonstrate acceptable performances under the all‐temperature environments, especially presenting a long life of over 9500 cycles at a low temperature of −40 °C and 500 cycles at a high temperature of 60 °C. This special ILEE holds significant promise for future aqueous batteries in extreme environment.
Conjugated Coordination Polymer Aerogels with Increased Accessibility of Well‐Defined Single‐Atom Metal Sites as a New Paradigm of Electrocatalysts
Authors: Ma Ziwei , Zhan Shuting , Xie Yufeng , Liu Yunxia , Ding Yidan , Zhang Shouhan , Lin Haiping , Zhang Longsheng , Liu Tianxi , Xie Yi 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDeveloping high‐performance single‐atom catalysts (SACs) with maximum metal utilization efficiency is of significance, which presents enormous potentials to be extensively applied. It is desired yet challenging to elaborately tailor the coordination structures of active sites in SACs and simultaneously enable sufficient accessibility of these active sites to reactants. Here, a facile and general strategy to prepare conjugated coordination polymer aerogels (CCPA) with porous architectures that can markedly increase the accessibility of their elaborately‐tailored active sites, which as a new electrocatalyst paradigm can fully present both the structural advantages of SACs and aerogel materials, is reported. Taking nickel (Ni) as an example, Ni‐based CCPA (Ni‐CCPA) and its counterpart Ni‐CCP with non‐aerogel feature are studied as a proof‐of‐concept case. Electrochemical measurements show that, relative to Ni‐CCP, Ni‐CCPA exhibits appreciably higher performance toward alkaline oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Both the experimental results and theoretical simulations unravel that the improved OER performance of Ni‐CCPA arises from the accelerated OH− diffusion within its porous architecture and enhanced OH− concentration near its highly exposed active sites at its high‐curvature surfaces with localized electric fields. Importantly, as evidenced by the Cu‐CCPA and Zn‐CCPA examples, such strategy can be promisingly applied to prepare high‐performance CCPA targeted toward various catalytic reactions and beyond.
Optimization Strategies and Efficiency Prediction for Silicon Solar Cells with Hybrid Route of PERC and SHJ Passivation Contact
Authors: Zhou Zixiao , Kang Qian , Sun Zhaoqing , He Yongcai , Li Jingjie , Wu Lu , Sun Chang , Xue Chaowei , Qu Minghao , Chen Xiaoqing , Zheng Zilong , Wang Bo , Yan Hui , Xu Xixiang , Zhang Yongzhe 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPERC solar cell technology, which emerged in the 1980s, has garnered a substantial portion of the PV market over the past decade. However, the main factors limiting their further efficiency advancements and wider commercialization lie in metal contact recombination and the passivation properties of the functional layers. Despite heterojunction cells demonstrating remarkable efficiency, challenges persist in terms of cost reduction and stability enhancement. This study introduces a novel hybrid solar cell architecture that integrates a diffusion‐free front surface field with a high‐quality heterojunction passivation contact. Through rigorous simulation analysis, it is revealed that the hybrid design surpasses conventional PERC in several key aspects: diminished front‐surface recombination losses, enhanced rear‐contact characteristics, and reduced grid shading. By strategically optimizing the front passivation and adopting single‐side wet etching techniques, a PCE of 24.17% and VOC of 716 mV is successfully achieved on a full‐size commercial czochralski silicon wafer (274.15 cm2). Additionally, both experimental EQE tests and simulations delve into the composition of JSC gain during the optimization process. This comprehensive investigation not only offers an in‐depth assessment of hybrid solar cell performance, but also outlines promising avenues for future optimization aimed at pushing theoretical efficiency limits further and enhancing suitability for large‐scale production.
Biomimetic MOF Nanocarrier‐Mediated Synergistic Delivery of Mitochondria and Anti‐Inflammatory miRNA to Alleviate Acute Lung Injury
Authors: Shou Xin , Chen Changjiang , Ying Hangjie , Liu Zhiyun , Zeng Lingyao , Li Qiujie , Lei Lanjie , Mao Bingyong , Zhang Wei , Cui Shumao , Shi Liyun 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAcute lung injury (ALI) is a clinically critical disease characterized by overwhelming inflammatory response and significant tissue damage with no specific treatment available currently. As a key player in the pathogenesis of ALI, macrophages are aberrantly activated and polarize toward the pro‐inflammatory phenotypes, leading to overzealous inflammation and lung injury. Mitochondria is recognized as a crucial signaling hub governing macrophage function and polarization, deregulation of which is causatively related with defective metabolism of macrophages, deregulated inflammation, and hence ALI. Herein, an inflammation‐responsive, biomimetic metal‐organic framework (MOF) nanoplatform, termed a127/mito@ZIF@Ma is developed, which is sophistically designed for synergistic delivery of macrophage‐derived mitochondria and anti‐inflammatory miRNA‐127 antagonist to resume pulmonary macrophages homeostasis and alleviate lung inflammation and injury. Notably, macrophage membrane encapsulation conferred the biomimetic MOF with enhanced transport efficacy both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, the administration of the nanoparticles accordingly conferred a profound protection of mice against lung inflammation and injury induced by either bacterial or viral infection with unnoticeable tissue toxicity. The study thus devises a novel MOF‐based nanosystem that integrates mitochondria transplantation and miRNA therapeutics, which may open a new avenue for treating ALI and relevant critical diseases.
Construction of a Biomimetic Tubular Scaffold Inspired by Sea Sponge Structure: Sponge‐Like Framework and Cell Guidance
Authors: Meng Si , Wu Nihuan , Fang Jie , Yu Yidan , Tang Xin , Wang Yihan , Deng Xiaokang , Qi Cheng , Kong Tiantian , Ding Tengda , Liu Zhou 
Published: February 2025

AbstractEngineering hollow fibers with precise surface microstructures is challenging; yet, essential for guiding cells alignment and ensuring proper vascular tissue function. Inspired by Euplectella sponges, a novel strategy to engineer biomimetic hollow fibers with spiral surface microstructures is developed. Using oxidized bacterial cellulose, bacterial cellulose, and polydopamine, a “brick‐and‐mortar” scaffold is created through precise shear control during microfluidic coaxial spinning. The scaffold mimics natural extracellular matrices, providing mechanical stability and supporting cell growth. In vitro studies show successful co‐culture of endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs), with SMCs aligning along spiral surface microstructures and ECs forming a confluent inner layer. In vivo implantation confirms biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low immunogenicity. This Euplectella‐inspired scaffold presents a promising approach for vascular tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Postnatal Progressive Craniosynostosis: An Unusual Case Presentation Leading to Cascade Diagnosis for Multiple Generations
Authors: Ogawa Jessica T. , Guyler Maura , Tomei Krystal L. , Wang Howard D. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTNM_000141.5: FGFR2 c.1032G>A is a pathogenic variant that causes Crouzon syndrome through activation of a new donor splice site. This clinical report highlights the intrafamilial variability that can exist with this specific variant. The proband is a 4‐year‐old boy who initially presented with concern for seizures. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed pancraniosynostosis and Chiari 1 malformation. Papilledema on fundoscopic exam and copper beaten appearance of the skull on imaging both suggested the presence of elevated intracranial pressure. Genetic testing identified c.1032G>A (p.Ala344=) in FGFR2. Familial testing and genetic evaluation confirmed the same pathogenic variant in the father (age 25) and clinical diagnosis of Crouzon syndrome in the paternal grandmother (age 50). Both had only mild facial features, including hypertelorism and midface hypoplasia without other symptoms. This family illustrates a wide range of clinical phenotypes, including asymptomatic midface hypoplasia to progressive postnatal pancraniosynostosis with elevated intracranial pressure. Therefore, a high index of suspicion is indicated for mild cases with isolated midface hypoplasia and hypertelorism to achieve early diagnosis.
A Case of Prenatal Diagnosis of NFIA‐Related Disorder Indicated by Noninvasive Prenatal Testing
Authors: Zhao Ganye , Yang Shaozhe , Kong Xiangdong 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTFew cases of prenatal screening and diagnosis for NFIA‐related disorders (OMIM # 613735) have been reported. Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) has been extensively utilized for the screening of fetal chromosomal abnormalities. Here, we report a case of prenatal diagnosis of an NFIA‐related disorder following the NIPT result. A 24‐year‐old pregnant woman chose expanded noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT‐plus) for screening fetal chromosomal abnormalities at 19 weeks and 5 days of gestation with a singleton pregnancy. The results of NIPT‐plus revealed a 0.9 Mb deletion in chromosome 1p31.3, including the NFIA gene, which was confirmed after amniocentesis using copy number variation sequencing. At 24 weeks of gestation, ultrasound observations revealed that there was an enlargement in the occipitofrontal diameter, protrusion of the forehead, anterior rotation of the nasal passages, and a shortened nasal bone. These phenotypic manifestations observed were consistent with the deletion of the NFIA gene. After being informed of the associated risks of this syndrome, the pregnant woman and her family decided to terminate the pregnancy at 26+4 weeks of gestation. We presented the first case of prenatal diagnosis of NFIA‐related disorder following the results of NIPT. NIPT could provide insights at earlier gestational stages than ultrasound for screening NFIA‐related disorder.
Development and internal validation of a risk prediction model for dementia in a rural older population in China
Authors: Liu Keke , Hou Tingting , Li Yuqi , Tian Na , Ren Yifei , Liu Cuicui , Dong Yi , Song Lin , Tang Shi , Cong Lin , Wang Yongxiang , Xiao Wei , Du Yifeng , Qiu Chengxuan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractINTRODUCTIONWe sought to develop a practical tool for predicting dementia risk among rural‐dwelling Chinese older adults.METHODSThis cohort study included 2220 rural older adults (age ≥ 65 years) who were dementia‐free at baseline (2014) and were followed in 2018. Dementia was diagnosed following the DSM‐IV criteria. The prediction model was constructed using Cox models. We used C‐index and calibration plots to assess model performance, and the decision curve analysis (DCA) to assess clinical usefulness.RESULTSDuring the 4‐year follow‐up, 134 individuals were diagnosed with dementia. We identified age, education, self‐rated AD8 score, marital status, and stroke for the prediction model, with the C‐index being 0.79 (95% confidence interval = 0.75–0.83) and the corrected C‐index for internal validation being 0.79. Calibration plots showed good performance in predicting up to 4‐year dementia risk and DCA indicated good clinical usefulness.DISCUSSIONThe 4‐year dementia risk can be accurately predicted using five easily available predictors in a rural Chinese older population.Highlights
We developed and internally validated a practical tool for dementia risk prediction among a rural older population in China.
The prediction tool showed good discrimination and excellent calibration for predicting up to 4‐year risk of dementia.
The prediction tool can be used to identify individuals at a high risk for dementia for early preventive interventions.
Life span policies and macroeconomic transition will help the 21st‐century brain health revolution in developing countries
Authors: Mostert Cyprian M. , Udeh‐Momoh Chinedu , Kumar Manasi , Khan Murad , Ali Shehzad , Muchungi Kendi , Chemutai Gloria , Smith Cynthia , Trepel Dominic , Eyre Harris , Atwoli Lukoye , Merali Zul 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) issued the Intersectoral Global Action Plan for Epilepsy and Other Neurological Disorders for 2022 to 2031, emphasizing important connections between brain health, population well‐being, and economic growth. A year later, the WHO followed up with strategic guidelines aimed at enhancing brain health outcomes in developing countries. However, critical gaps remain. Our policy forum paper advocates for policies that target brain health across all stages of life, starting with measures to reduce the consumption of alcohol, sugar, and tobacco. Additionally, we propose the integration of school meal programs and social pension schemes as essential lifespan policies to safeguard brain health. To support these policies, developing countries must implement key macroeconomic reforms. These include revising international trade agreements, strengthening tax systems, curbing illicit financial flows, eliminating financial exclusions, and expanding social welfare systems. Such reforms are critical for creating an environment that supports long‐term brain health initiatives.Highlights
The are critical gaps in the WHO policy framework for brain health.
We advocate policies that target brain health across all stages of life, starting with measures to reduce alcohol, sugar, and tobacco consumption.
Additionally, we propose integrating school meal programs and social pension schemes as essential lifespan policies to safeguard brain health.
To support these policies, developing countries must implement key macroeconomic reforms.
By adopting these measures, developing countries can lead the charge in advancing the 21st‐century brain health agenda, fostering both societal well‐being and sustainable economic development.
Application of Modified Starch @ Phenolic Resin Flame Retardant Coating on RPUF
Authors: Peng Haoping , Li Dingding , Xu Shouwu , Zhao Yonggang , Lei Yun , Zhu Haoran , Tan Qigui , Li Zhiwei 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn this study, sodium tripolyphosphate was used to modify starch, resulting in a novel starch‐based flame retardant. The phenolic resin was employed as the matrix, with the starch‐based flame retardant incorporated as a filler and applied to the surface of rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) to prepare the composite material. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the coating effectively penetrated the RPUF framework, forming a strong and tightly bonded layer with excellent coverage. The combustion and mechanical properties of the composite material were investigated. The results showed that, in vertical combustion tests, the composite material met the UL940‐5VA standard. In thermogravimetric analysis, the composite exhibited a 42.71% increase in char residue compared with the RPUF. In three‐point bending pulverization resistance tests, the composite demonstrated a 28.42% reduction in chalking compared with the RPUF coated solely with phenolic resin. This study paves a new path for the practical application of bio‐based flame retardants.
Mapping the Global Impact of Mining Activities on Freshwater Biodiversity to Inform Conservation Priorities
Authors: Brabant Christophe , Noorbhai Nakiya , Bendixen Mette , Iversen Lars L. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTNatural resource mining is a vital global industry serving sectors such as construction, infrastructure and electronics. The negative impacts of mining, exacerbated by poor governance and lax legislation, have detrimental consequences on the environment, especially in freshwater systems. Mining is shown to disrupt hydrological regimes, sediment dynamics and vegetation structure, which affect water quality, species composition and overall ecosystem health. However, little is known about the global extent of mining impacts on freshwater biodiversity, ultimately hindering mitigation efforts and effective policy implementation. Here, we address this knowledge gap by developing an impact probability model to generate global threat maps based on the impact of mining for freshwater fish, macrophytes and odonatan. We show that the impact of mining differs significantly between taxonomic groups, with hotspots of risk coinciding with high‐biodiversity and wilderness areas. Using a random forest machine learning model, we show that the extent of mining impacts is driven primarily by environmental and anthropogenic variables, such as land surface runoff and the Human Development Index. This overview of the global distribution of mining's threat is urgently needed for conservation plans to mitigate the impact of mining on biodiversity.
Early life functional transitions impact craniofacial morphology in osteogenesis imperfecta
Authors: Miller Courtney A. , Emanuel Tanusha , Menegaz Rachel A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractEarly life behaviors have a profound role in shaping adult craniofacial morphology. During early life, all mammals undergo the dynamic transition from suckling to mastication, a period coinciding with rapid cranial biomineralization. Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), a genetic disorder that impacts the production of type I collagen, disrupts biomineralization, leading to craniofacial growth differences affecting quality of life. This study investigates craniofacial development during infant oral motor developmental stages in OI mice compared to unaffected wild‐type littermates (WT mice). We hypothesize OI mice will exhibit smaller overall size, and the adult OI phenotype will develop postnatally in response to masticatory loading. Point cloud and fixed landmarks were collected from micro‐computed tomography scans, then geometric morphometric analyses and interlandmark distances (ILDs) compared craniofacial size and shape between OI and WT mice at birth (P0; n = 27 OI murine/20 WT) and postnatal Days 7 (P7; n = 21/21), 14 (P14; n = 16/20), 21 (P21; n = 20/26), and 28 (P28; n = 26/33). This study found no size and shape differences between genotypes at birth. Starting at P7, OI mice are significantly (p < 0.05) smaller and display pronounced shape changes (p < 0.001) characterized by a larger neurocranium and a shorter viscerocranium. At P21, significant differences emerge in cranial base orientation, neurocranial width, viscerocranial shortening, and zygomatic arch displacement. These findings underscore the importance of early life oral motor stages in developing the adult OI craniofacial phenotype and oral health, suggesting earlier craniofacial interventions may improve effective treatment of OI.