bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of TFG (TRK‐fused gene) as a putative metastatic melanoma tumor suppressor gene
Authors: Dutton‐Regester Ken , Aoude Lauren G. , Nancarrow Derek J. , Stark Mitchell S. , O'Connor Linda , Lanagan Cathy , Pupo Gulietta M. , Tembe Varsha , Carter Candace D. , O'Rourke Michael , Scolyer Richard A. , Mann Graham J. , Schmidt Christopher W. , Herington Adrian , Hayward Nicholas K. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractHigh density SNP arrays can be used to identify DNA copy number changes in tumors such as homozygous deletions of tumor suppressor genes and focal amplifications of oncogenes. Illumina Human CNV370 Bead chip arrays were used to assess the genome for unbalanced chromosomal events occurring in 39 cell lines derived from stage III metastatic melanomas. A number of genes previously recognized to have an important role in the development and progression of melanoma were identified including homozygous deletions of CDKN2A (13 of 39 samples), CDKN2B (10 of 39), PTEN (3 of 39), PTPRD (3 of 39), TP53 (1 of 39), and amplifications of CCND1 (2 of 39), MITF (2 of 39), MDM2 (1 of 39), and NRAS (1 of 39). In addition, a number of focal homozygous deletions potentially targeting novel melanoma tumor suppressor genes were identified. Because of their likely functional significance for melanoma progression, FAS, CH25H, BMPR1A, ACTA2, and TFG were investigated in a larger cohort of melanomas through sequencing. Nonsynonymous mutations were identified in BMPR1A (1 of 43), ACTA2 (3 of 43), and TFG (5 of 103). A number of potentially important mutation events occurred in TFG including the identification of a mini mutation “hotspot” at amino acid residue 380 (P380S and P380L) and the presence of multiple mutations in two melanomas. Mutations in TFG may have important clinical relevance for current therapeutic strategies to treat metastatic melanoma. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mortality and causes of death in older patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Talaslahti Tiina , Alanen Hanna‐Mari , Hakko Helinä , Isohanni Matti , Häkkinen Unto , Leinonen Esa 
Published: January 2012

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate mortality and causes of death in older patients with schizophrenia in comparison with the general population. The mortality of patients experiencing relapse was also compared with those in remission.MethodsThe study sample consists of patients (n = 9461) over 65 years by the first of January 1999, with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (ICD‐8, ICD‐9: 295, ICD‐10: F20, F25) as the main register diagnosis during the period 1969–1998. The sample was collected from nationwide registers in Finland and followed up between 1999 and 2008.ResultsOverall Standard Mortality Ratio (SMR) of the older schizophrenia patients was 2.69 [95% confidence interval, 2.62–2.76]. For natural causes of death, overall SMR was 2.58 (2.51–2.65; n = 5301), and for unnatural causes of death, it was 11.04 (9.75–12.47; n = 262). The most common causes of death matched those in the general population. Of patients who died during follow‐up, 31% (1709/5596) had at least one psychiatric hospitalization within 5 years before follow‐up. The SMR for this group was higher (3.92; 3.73–4.11) than in those patients (2.37; 2.29–2.44) with no such treatment during that time.ConclusionAll‐cause mortality of older patients with schizophrenia was almost threefold that of general population. They died for similar reasons to the general population; however, deaths for unnatural causes were especially common (accidents and suicides). Those patients still experiencing relapses in older age have an increased risk of death compared with those with schizophrenia in remission. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Glucose hypometabolism in primary visual cortex is commonly associated with clinical features of dementia with Lewy bodies regardless of cognitive conditions
Authors: Fujishiro Hiroshige , Iseki Eizo , Kasanuki Koji , Murayama Norio , Ota Kazumi , Suzuki Masaru , Sato Kiyoshi 
Published: January 2012

BackgroundAlthough metabolic reduction in the primary visual cortex on [18F]‐fluoro‐d‐glucose (FDG) positron emission tomographic (PET) scans is the hallmark of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) for differential diagnosis from Alzheimer's disease, the clinical significance of the metabolic pattern in patients without dementia remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical profiles of patients without dementia with the metabolic pattern and its relevance to DLB.MethodsOf 145 individuals who underwent 18F‐FDG PET, 25 patients with glucose hypometabolism in the primary visual cortex were identified based on three‐dimensional stereotactic surface projection images through comparison with a normative database. The frequency of core and suggestive clinical features of DLB was compared between the groups with and without the metabolic pattern.ResultsOf 25 patients with glucose hypometabolism in the primary visual cortex, 12 exhibited more than two core features of DLB (probable DLB group) and 6 had rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (possible DLB group). Three patients exhibited memory loss without any core or suggestive features but with reduced cardiac iodine‐123 metaiodobenzylguanidine uptake. Ten of these 21 patients exhibited no dementia. The proportion of individuals in the probable and possible DLB groups was significantly higher in the group with glucose hypometabolism in the primary visual cortex.ConclusionGlucose hypometabolism in the primary visual cortex is commonly associated with the clinical features of DLB regardless of cognitive conditions. Continued follow‐up of these patients without dementia with the metabolic pattern is warranted to determine if they represent the prodromal state of DLB. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SF‐6D POPULATION NORMS
Authors: van den Berg Bernard 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTThe derivation of population norms using simple generic health‐related quality of life measures to inform policy has been recommended in the literature. This letter illustrates the derivation of population norms for the SF‐6D in the United Kingdom. It uses a sample of 22,166 respondents from the 2010 wave of the study Understanding Society. Understanding Society is a national representative sample of British citizens. The survey of this study contains the SF‐12. It is possible to derive health state utilities from the SF‐12 (and from the SF‐36) using a relatively new instrument, the SF‐6D. The SF‐12 and the SF‐36 belong to the most widely used generic health‐related quality of life measures.Mean SF‐6D utility scores for males and females are 0.81 and 0.79, respectively. Especially the older age categories have lower utility scores. The younger age categories have slightly higher utility scores. From a list of 17 conditions, people with congestive heart failure had the lowest (0.60) and people with diabetes the highest (0.76) SF‐6D scores. This letter encourages the health economics research community to derive SF‐6D population norms to inform policy. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of 1H,7H,12bH‐Pyrano[3′,4′: 5,6]pyrano[3,4‐c][1]benzopyran‐1‐one via Domino Knoevenagel/Hetero‐DielsAlder Reaction with Theoretical Investigations
Authors: Khoshkholgh Malihe Javan , Hosseindokht Mohammad Reza , Balalaie Saeed , Bozorgmehr Mohammad Reza , Bijanzadeh Hamid Reza 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe CuI‐catalyzed intramolecular oxa‐DielsAlder reaction of 2‐(prop‐2‐yn‐1‐yloxy)benzaldehydes as unactivated terminal alkynes with 4‐hydroxy‐6‐methyl‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one is described. The reaction proceeds with remarkable chemoselectivity to yield pyranones 3 (Scheme 1). A theoretical investigation of the reaction in terms of HOMOLUMO interactions in the gas phase is also reported. The reaction could be regarded as an inverse‐electron‐demand DielsAlder cycloaddition. The theoretical results are in high agreement with the experimental evidences.
Alkaloid and Anthraquinone Derivatives Produced by the Marine‐Derived Endophytic Fungus Eurotium rubrum
Authors: Yan Hui‐Jiao , Li Xiao‐Ming , Li Chun‐Shun , Wang Bin‐Gui 
Published: January 2012

AbstractCultivation of the fungal strain Eurotium rubrum, an endophytic fungus that was isolated from the inner tissue of the semi‐mangrove plant Hibiscus tiliaceus, resulted in the isolation of one new dioxopiperazine alkaloid, 12‐demethyl‐12‐oxo‐eurotechinulin B (1), and one new anthraquinone derivative, 9‐dehydroxyeurotinone (2), together with ten known compounds including variecolorin J (3), eurotechinulin B (4), variecolorin G (5), alkaloid E‐7 (6), cryptoechinuline G (7), isoechinulin B (8), 7‐isopentenylcryptoechinuline D (9), 2‐O‐methyl‐9‐dehydroxyeurotinone (10), emodin (11), and emodic acid (12). The structures of the isolated compounds were determined by extensive analysis of their spectroscopic data as well as by comparison with literature reports. Some of the purified compounds were evaluated for antibacterial, antifungal, and cytotoxic activities.
Two New Sesquiterpenes from the Marine Fungus Eutypella scoparia FS26 from the South China Sea
Authors: Sun Li , Li Dong‐Li , Tao Mei‐Hua , Dan Fei‐Jun , Zhang Wei‐Min 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA new monocyclofarnesane‐type sesquiterpene, 3,7,10‐trihydroxy‐6,11‐cyclofarnes‐1‐ene (1), and a new acorane‐type sesquiterpene, 8‐(hydroxymethyl)‐1‐(2‐hydroxy‐1‐methylethyl)‐4‐methylspiro[4.5]dec‐8‐en‐7‐ol (2), were isolated from the culture of Eutypella scoparia FS26 from the South China Sea, along with three known terpenes, 3–5. The structures of these compounds were determined by extensive analysis of their spectroscopic data as well as by comparison with literature reports. The isolated compounds 1–5 were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against the SF‐268, MCF‐7, and NCI‐H460 tumor cell lines.
1,2‐Bis(trifluoromethyl)ethene‐1,2‐dicarbonitrile: (2+2) Cycloadditions with Vinyl Ethers
Authors: Urrutia‐Desmaison Gonzalo , Huisgen Rolf , Nöth Heinrich 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe title compound (short version: BTE) occurs in (E)‐ and (Z)‐isomers (both with b.p. of ca. 100°) which equilibrate with nucleophilic catalysts. Both undergo (2+2) cycloadditions with methyl vinyl ether at 25°. Three stereogenic centers in the cyclobutanes led to four rac‐diastereoisomers, which were obtained in pure and crystalline state. The structures were elucidated by 19F‐NMR spectroscopy and confirmed by two X‐ray analyses. The cycloadditions were not stereospecific: e.g., (E)‐BTE furnished 73% trans‐adducts (with respect to the CF3 groups) and 27% cis‐adducts. The loss of stereochemical integrity occurs in the intermediate gauche‐zwitterions which can cyclize or rotate, but not dissociate. Under extreme conditions (2M LiClO4 in Et2O, 70°, 3 months), the thermodynamic equilibrium of the four cyclobutanes was achieved. Considerations of Coulombic attraction and conformational strain in the zwitterionic intermediates allow us to rationalize the observed proportions of diastereoisomeric cyclobutanes. Ethyl vinyl ether and butyl vinyl ether furnished cyclobutanes in similar diastereoisomer ratios.
Modelling and observation of hedgerow transpiration effect on water balance components at the hillslope scale in Brittany
Authors: Thomas Z. , Ghazavi R. , Merot P. , Granier A. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractVegetation has a major influence on the water and energy balance of the earth's surface. In the last century, human activities have modified land use, inducing a consequent change in albedo and potential evapotranspiration. Linear vegetation structures (hedgerows, shelterbelts, open woodland, etc) were particularly abundant but have declined considerably over the past several decades. In this context, it is important to quantify their effect on water and energy balance both on a global scale (climate change and weather prediction) and on a local scale (soil column, hillslope and watershed). The main objective of this study was to quantify the effect of hedgerows on the water cycle by evaluating spatial and temporal variations of water balance components of a hillslope crossed by a hedgerow. Water flow simulation was performed using Hydrus‐2D to emphasize the importance of transpiration in the water balance and to evaluate water extraction from groundwater. Model validation was performed by comparing simulated and observed soil matrix potentials and groundwater levels. Hedgerow transpiration was calculated from sap flow measurements of four trees. Water balance components calculated with a one‐dimensional water balance equation were compared with simulations. Simulation runs with and without tree root uptake underlined the effect of hedgerow transpiration, increasing capillary rise and decreasing drainage. Results demonstrated that the spatial and temporal variability of water balance components was related to the hedgerow presence as well as to the meteorological context. The relations between transpiration, groundwater proximity and soil‐water availability determined the way in which water balance components were affected. Increased capillary rise and decreased drainage near hedges were related to the high transpiration of trees identified in this study. Transpiration reached twice the potential evapotranspiration when groundwater level and precipitation amounts were high. Water balance analysis showed that transpiration was a substantial component, representing 40% of total water output. These results may offer support for improving hydrological models by including the effect of land use and land cover on hydrological processes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acquisition of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by pacific chinook salmon: An exploration of various exposure scenarios
Authors: Hope Bruce K 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
In 2011, as part of an update to its state water quality standards (WQS) for protection of human health, the State of Oregon adopted a fish consumption rate of 175 g/day for freshwater and estuarine finfish and shellfish, including anadromous species. WQS for the protection of human health whose derivation is based in part on anadromous fish, create the expectation that implementation of these WQS will lead to lower contaminant levels in returning adult fish. Whether this expectation can be met is likely a function of where and when such fish are exposed. Various exposure scenarios have been advanced to explain acquisition of bioaccumulative contaminants by Pacific salmonids. This study examined 16 different scenarios with bioenergetics and toxicokinetic models to identify those where WQS might be effective in reducing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)—a representative bioaccumulative contaminant—in returning adult Fall chinook salmon, a representative salmonid. Model estimates of tissue concentrations and body burdens in juveniles and adults were corroborated with observations reported in the literature. Model results suggest that WQS may effect limited (&lt; approximately 2 ×) reductions in PCB levels in adults who were resident in a confined marine water body or who transited a highly contaminated estuary as out-migrating juveniles. In all other scenarios examined, WQS would have little effect on PCB levels in returning adults. Although the results of any modeling study must be interpreted with caution and are not necessarily applicable to all salmonid species, they do suggest that the ability of WQS to meet the expectation of reducing contaminant loadings in anadromous species is limited. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2012; 8: 553–562. © 2012 SETAC
Pro‐apoptotic gene knockdown mediated by nanocomplexed siRNA reduces radiation damage in primary salivary gland cultures
Authors: Arany Szilvia , Xu Qingfu , Hernady Eric , Benoit Danielle S.W. , Dewhurst Steve , Ovitt Catherine E. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA critical issue in the management of head and neck tumors is radioprotection of the salivary glands. We have investigated whether siRNA‐mediated gene knock down of pro‐apoptotic mediators can reduce radiation‐induced cellular apoptosis in salivary gland cells in vitro. We used novel, pH‐responsive nanoparticles to deliver functionally active siRNAs into cultures of salivary gland cells. The nanoparticle molecules are comprised of cationic micelles that electrostatically interact with the siRNA, protecting it from nuclease attack, and also include pH‐responsive endosomolytic constituents that promote release of the siRNA into the target cell cytoplasm. Transfection controls with Cy3‐tagged siRNA/nanoparticle complexes showed efficiently internalized siRNAs in more than 70% of the submandibular gland cells. We found that introduction of siRNAs specifically targeting the Pkcδ or Bax genes significantly blocked the induction of these pro‐apoptotic proteins that normally occurs after radiation in cultured salivary gland cells. Furthermore, the level of cell death from subsequent radiation, as measured by caspase‐3, TUNEL, and mitochondrial disruption assays, was significantly decreased. Thus, we have successfully demonstrated that the siRNA/nanoparticle‐mediated knock down of pro‐apoptotic genes can prevent radiation‐induced damage in submandibular gland primary cell cultures. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 1955–1965, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Involvements of the ABC protein ABCF2 and α‐actinin‐4 in regulation of cell volume and anion channels in human epithelial cells
Authors: Ando‐Akatsuka Yuhko , Shimizu Takahiro , Numata Tomohiro , Okada Yasunobu 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAfter osmotic swelling, cell volume is regulated by a process called regulatory volume decrease (RVD). Although actin cytoskeletons are known to play a regulatory role in RVD, it is not clear how actin‐binding proteins are involved in the RVD process. In the present study, an involvement of an actin‐binding protein, α‐actinin‐4 (ACTN4), in RVD was examined in human epithelial HEK293T cells. Overexpression of ACTN4 significantly facilitated RVD, whereas siRNA‐mediated downregulation of endogenous ACTN4 suppressed RVD. When the cells were subjected to hypotonic stress, the content of ACTN4 increased in a 100,000 × g pellet, which was sensitive to cytochalasin D pretreatment. Protein overlay assays revealed that ABCF2, a cytosolic member of the ABC transporter superfamily, is a binding partner of ACTN4. The ACTN4‐ABCF2 interaction was markedly enhanced by hypotonic stimulation and required the NH2‐terminal region of ABCF2. Overexpression of ABCF2 suppressed RVD, whereas downregulation of ABCF2 facilitated RVD. We then tested whether ABCF2 has a suppressive effect on the activity of volume‐sensitive outwardly rectifying anion channel (VSOR), which is known to mediate Cl− efflux involved in RVD, because another ABC transporter member, CFTR, was shown to suppress VSOR activity. Whole‐cell VSOR currents were largely reduced by overexpression of ABCF2 and markedly enhanced by siRNA‐mediated depletion of ABCF2. Thus, the present study indicates that ACTN4 acts as an enhancer of RVD, whereas ABCF2 acts as a suppressor of VSOR and RVD, and suggests that a swelling‐induced interaction between ACTN4 and ABCF2 prevents ABCF2 from suppressing VSOR activity in the human epithelial cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 3498–3510, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Two‐ and three‐dimensional sonographic diagnosis of fetal intra‐abdominal umbilical vein varix: A case report
Authors: Lu Man , Kakani Nirmal , Romagnoli Cesare , Yue Linxian , Xiong Wen , An Shaoyu , Song Bin 
Published: January 2012

AbstractFetal intra‐abdominal umbilical vein varix is a rare condition characterized by focal dilatation of the umbilical vein of the fetus. We report a case of fetal intra‐abdominal umbilical vein varix associated with additional sonographic abnormalities and detected at 31 weeks' gestation. Several follow‐up sonographic examinations were performed, and the prenatal findings were confirmed on postnatal ultrasound. The diagnosis was facilitated by the use of three‐dimensional power Doppler sonography. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2012;
Keeping the Peace—Police Behaviour at a Mass Event
Authors: Rosander Michael , Guva Gunilla 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis study examined the collective behaviour of the police during a football match at the 2006 Football World Cup. What peacekeeping and aggravating processes could be identified and what were their consequences? Data were collected using observation and field interviews. Some critical situations could have escalated into riots; however, the police showed trust in the majority of the supporters' intentions to be peaceful. Distrust was reserved for selected individuals who were under surveillance. This, together with tactics involving using different forces for different tasks and an overall organisational strategy focusing on the festivity of the event, was the main reason for the peaceful outcome. A friendly but firm approach was successful in keeping the peace. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultrastructure of the larval eye of the scorpionfly Panorpa dubia (mecoptera: Panorpidae) with implications for the evolutionary origin of holometabolous larvae
Authors: Chen Qingxiao , Li Tao , Hua Baozhen 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe evolutionary origin of holometabolous larvae is a long‐standing and controversial issue. The Mecoptera are unique in Holometabola for their larvae possessing a pair of compound eyes instead of stemmata. The ultrastructure of the larval eyes of the scorpionfly Panorpa dubia Chou and Wang, 1981 was investigated using transmission electron microscopy. Each ommatidium possesses a cornea, a tetrapartite eucone crystalline cone, eight retinula cells, two primary pigment cells, and an undetermined number of secondary pigment cells. The rhabdomeres of the eight retinula cells form a centrally‐fused, tiered rhabdom of four distal and four proximal retinula cells. The rhabdomeres of the four distal retinula cells extend distally into a funnel shape around the basal surface of the crystalline cone. Based on the similarity of the larval eyes of Panorpidae to the eyes of the hemimetabolous insects and the difference from the stemmata of the holometabolous larvae, the evolutionary origin of the holometabolous larvae is briefly discussed. Morphol., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Malignant triton tumors—complete surgical resection and adjuvant radiotherapy associated with improved survival
Authors: McConnell Yarrow J. , Giacomantonio Carman A. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackgroundMalignant triton tumors (MTT) are a rare form of peripheral nerve sheath tumors that follows a particularly aggressive course. Given its rarity, only case reports and small series of patients have been published.MethodsA Pubmed search was conducted (1966–2009) using the terms “triton tumor,” “rhabdomyosarcoma,” and “malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor.” The reference lists of retrieved articles were searched. Cases were included when the diagnosis was clear, the patient underwent surgery, and follow‐up data were available. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted for predictors of positive resection margin, local recurrence/progression, development of metastases, and mortality.ResultsA total of 124 cases were included. The overall 5‐year survival was 14% and the median time to death was 13 months. The overall local recurrence/progression rate was 50% and the median time to recurrence/progression was 6 months. On multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis, positive margin status (HR 2.2, P = 0.01), local recurrence/progression (HR 3.1, P = 0.003), and development of metastases (HR 2.6, P = 0.003) were associated with mortality. Adjuvant radiotherapy was associated with improved survival (HR 0.4, P = 0.005).ConclusionComplete surgical resection and adjuvant radiotherapy should be the cornerstones of treatment for MTT. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 106:51–56. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.