bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrical properties of (Na,Ce) doped Bi5Ti3FeO15 ceramics
Authors: Huang Zhen , Wang Gen‐Shui , Li Yu‐Chen , Liang Rui‐Hong , Cao Fei , Dong Xian‐Lin 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBi5Ti3FeO15 (BTF) doped with (Na,Ce) was prepared by solid‐state reaction sintering. Effects of (Na,Ce) doping on the structure, microstructure, and electrical properties of BTF were investigated. The Curie point decreased from 759 to 711 °C with increasing dopant amount. At low temperatures (50–400 °C), peaks of dielectric losses only can be seen for BTF, Bi4.95Na0.025Ce0.025Ti3FeO15, and Bi4.90Na0.05Ce0.05Ti3FeO15 ceramics. The highest piezoelectric constant d33 of 13.4 pC/N is achieved for Bi4.80Na0.10Ce0.10Ti3FeO15 ceramics. At an applied electric field of 200 kV/cm, the polarization–electrical field and the current–electrical field hysteresis loops of Bi4.90Na0.05Ce0.05Ti3FeO15 ceramics are shown. This composition also has the highest room‐temperature resistivity, about 8 × 1012 Ω · cm.
Pressure‐induced structural transition in CaF2 nanocrystals
Authors: Wang Jingshu , Hao Jian , Wang Qiushi , Jin Yunxia , Li Fangfei , Liu Bo , Li Quanjun , Liu Bingbing , Cui Qiliang 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe structural transition of CaF2 nanocrystals was studied by in situ high pressure synchrotron radiation X‐ray diffraction measurements up to about 46.5 GPa at ambient temperature. A pressure‐induced fluorite structure (Fm3m) to orthorhombic PbCl2‐type structure (Pnma) transition starts at 14.0 GPa, and phase transition is sluggish. The orthorhombic phase of nanocrystalline CaF2 is stable up to 46.5 GPa. The enhancement of transition pressure in CaF2 nanocrystals as compared with the corresponding bulk material is mainly caused by the surface energy difference between the phases involved.
Pressure dependence of Raman modes at the interface of a CIGS/CdS/ZnO solar cell
Authors: Choi I. H. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractCuInSe2/CdS/ZnO and CuInGaSe2/CdS/ZnO heterojunction solar cells have been prepared and the Raman scattering spectra from the interface between CdS buffer and CIS absorber layer have been measured as a function of hydrostatic pressure. CuInSe2 absorber layers were prepared by the metal organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) technique on Mo coated soda lime glass. The CdS buffer layer and ZnO window layer were deposited by chemical bath deposition (CBD) and R. F. magnetron sputtering, respectively. The pressure coefficient of the A1(Γ1) peak of the CIS layer in the solar cell was measured to be ${\partial} \omega /{\partial} P = 3.84\pm 0.13\;{\rm cm}^{{-} 1} /{\rm GPa}$, slightly smaller than the value obtained for a thin film of CIS only, which was ${\partial} \omega /{\partial} P = 4.0\pm 0.12\;{\rm cm}^{{-} 1} /{\rm GPa}$. The measured pressure coefficient of the A1(Γ1) peak of the CdS layer in the solar cell, ${\partial} \omega /{\partial} P = 5.31\pm 0.27\;{\rm cm}^{{-} 1} /{\rm GPa}$, is much larger than that obtained with the CdS thin film grown on a GaAs substrate, which was ${\partial} \omega /{\partial} P = 4.99\pm 0.20\;{\rm cm}^{{-} 1} /{\rm GPa}$. The pressure coefficient of the A1(Γ1) peak in the CuIn0.7Ga0.3Se2 thin film is ${\partial} \omega /{\partial} P = 3.81\pm 0.15\;{\rm cm}^{{-} 1} /{\rm GPa}$, which is lower than that of the CuInSe2 thin film.
High pressure phase transitions in Mg1–xCaxO: Theory
Authors: Srivastava Anurag , Chauhan Mamta , Singh R. K. , Padegaonker Rishikesh 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe have analysed a B1 → B2 structural phase transitions in Mg1–xCaxO solid solutions and their ground state properties by using first principle density functional theory and charge transfer interaction potential (CTIP) approach. The effects of exchange‐correlation interactions are handled by the generalized gradient approximation with Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof type parameterization. CTIP approach includes the long range modified Coulomb with charge transfer interactions and short range part of this model includes the van der Waals as well as Hafemeister Flygare type overlap repulsive interactions. The study observes a linear variation of calculated transition pressure, bulk modulus and lattice parameter of Mg1−xCaxO as a function of Ca composition. The observed results for the end point members are in agreement to their experimental counterparts and the deviations have been discussed.
Complexities in the climate of the subpolar North Atlantic: a case study from the winter of 2007
Authors: Moore G. W. K. , Pickart R. S. , Renfrew I. A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAs a result of its high topography, Greenland significantly distorts the atmospheric flow affecting local as well as remote weather systems and, via air–sea interaction processes, the coupled climate system. During February and March 2007, a field campaign was carried out to investigate this as part of the international Greenland Flow Distortion Experiment (GFDex). The observational programme occurred during anomalous conditions, relative to the climatological mean, that favoured the formation of barrier flow along the southeastern coast of Greenland and easterly tip jets at Cape Farewell, Greenland's southernmost point, while inhibiting the formation of westerly tip jets in the same region. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index was positive, indicating a deep Icelandic Low. However, there was a southeastward shift in the low's centre and a more zonally oriented storm track that we propose to be the result of the concurrent positive phase of the East Atlantic (EA) teleconnection. Unlike the usual situation for an NAO positive state, there was also a warming in the lower troposphere over the Labrador Sea that we argue was the result of a relatively weak Canadian Polar Trough over the eastern Canadian Arctic. It is shown that consideration of the strength of the Canadian Polar Trough in conjunction with information on the phases of the NAO and EA provides for a qualitatively better representation of the state of the atmosphere over the subpolar North Atlantic during the winter of 2007, and by inference in general, than is possible via the NAO alone. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Linz—Urfahr railway and road bridge — a 110‐year‐old structure severely damaged by corrosion
Authors: Fink Josef , Aigner Francesco 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAt the very end of the 1890s, the rural district of Urfahr was connected to the town of Linz, Austria, by means of a seven‐span, 393.94 m long steel bridge. Serious problems regarding its durability arose from the use of the bridge for road traffic due to the application of de‐icing salt, which began in the mid‐1960s and caused severe corrosion damage. In 1981 the bridge was improved by restoring the anti‐corrosion protection and by replacing the old deck construction with a new one. Since that time, restoration works and repairs have been carried out continuously. This paper deals with the present reliability of the main spans with a special focus on the structural behaviour under traffic and wind loads, quantified by means of modern standards.
Active management of the early innovation phases in steel application research for the construction sector
Authors: Nuesse Gregor , Wieland Hans‐Joachim , Limbachiya Mukesh , Herr Roland 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis article reports on how the steel industry in Germany can systematically improve the early phases of its cooperative pre‐competitive application research in the construction sector. The aim of this work is to increase innovation success through a targeted lead‐in to the innovation processes. It makes use of various models from industrial innovation management, experience in research management for a current project on the sustainability of steel in the construction sector and the results from a survey of the research institutes participating in the project. As a result, a model for the systematic management of the early innovation phases in steel application research for the construction industry is presented. The model supports the participants from industry and the academic sector in finding, formulating and implementing new innovation ideas.
Concise Review: Adipose-Derived Stromal Vascular Fraction Cells and Stem Cells: Let's Not Get Lost in Translation
Authors: Gimble Jeffrey M. , Bunnell Bruce A. , Chiu Ernest S. , Guilak Farshid 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSubcutaneous fat has emerged as an alternative tissue source for stromal/stem cells in regenerative medicine. Over the past decade, international research efforts have established a wealth of basic science and preclinical evidence regarding the differentiation potential and regenerative properties of both freshly processed, heterogeneous stromal vascular fraction cells and culture expanded, relatively homogeneous adipose-derived stromal/stem cells. The stage has been set for clinicians to translate adipose-derived cells from the bench to the bedside; however, this process will involve “development” steps that fall outside of traditional “hypothesis-driven, mechanism-based” paradigm. This concise review examines the next stages of the development process for therapeutic applications of adipose-derived cells and highlights the current state of the art regarding clinical trials. It is recommended that the experiments addressing these issues be reported comprehensively in the peer-review literature. This transparency will accelerate the standardization and reproducibility of adipose-derived cell therapies with respect to their efficacy and safety.
Anterior Hox Genes Interact with Components of the Neural Crest Specification Network to Induce Neural Crest Fates
Authors: Gouti Mina , Briscoe James , Gavalas Anthony 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Hox genes play a central role in neural crest (NC) patterning particularly in the cranial region of the body. Despite evidence that simultaneous loss of Hoxa1 and Hoxb1 function resulted in NC specification defects, the role of Hox genes in NC specification has remained unclear due to extended genetic redundancy among Hox genes. To circumvent this problem, we expressed anterior Hox genes in the trunk neural tube of the developing chick embryo. This demonstrated that anterior Hox genes play a central role in NC cell specification by rapidly inducing the key transcription factors Snail2 and Msx1/2 and a neural progenitor to NC cell fate switch characterized by cell adhesion changes and an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Cells delaminated from dorsal and medial neural tube levels and generated ectopic neurons, glia progenitors, and melanocytes. The mobilization of the NC genetic cascade was dependent upon bone morphogenetic protein signaling and optimal levels of Notch signaling. Therefore, anterior Hox patterning genes participate in NC specification and EMT by interacting with NC-inducing signaling pathways and regulating the expression of key genes involved in these processes.
Differentiation Potential of Human Postnatal Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Mesoangioblasts, and Multipotent Adult Progenitor Cells Reflected in Their Transcriptome and Partially Influenced by the Culture Conditions
Authors: Roobrouck Valerie D. , Clavel Carlos , Jacobs Sandra A. , Ulloa-Montoya Fernando , Crippa Stefania , Sohni Abhishek , Roberts Scott J. , Luyten Frank P. , Van Gool Stefaan W. , Sampaolesi Maurilio , Delforge Michel , Luttun Aernout , Verfaillie Catherine M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSeveral adherent postnatal stem cells have been described with different phenotypic and functional properties. As many of these cells are being considered for clinical therapies, it is of great importance that the identity and potency of these products is validated. We compared the phenotype and functional characteristics of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), human mesoangioblasts (hMab), and human multipotent adult progenitor cells (hMAPCs) using uniform standardized methods. Human MAPCs could be expanded significantly longer in culture. Differences in cell surface marker expression were found among the three cell populations with CD140b being a distinctive marker among the three cell types. Differentiation capacity towards adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and smooth muscle cells in vitro, using established protocols, was similar among the three cell types. However, only hMab differentiated to skeletal myocytes, while only hMAPCs differentiated to endothelium in vitro and in vivo. A comparative transcriptome analysis confirmed that the three cell populations are distinct and revealed gene signatures that correlated with their specific functional properties. Furthermore, we assessed whether the phenotypic, functional, and transcriptome features were mediated by the culture conditions. Human MSCs and hMab cultured under MAPC conditions became capable of generating endothelial-like cells, whereas hMab lost some of their ability to generate myotubes. By contrast, hMAPCs cultured under MSC conditions lost their endothelial differentiation capacity, whereas this was retained when cultured under Mab conditions, however, myogenic capacity was not gained under Mab conditions. These studies demonstrate that hMSCs, hMab, and hMAPCs have different properties that are partially mediated by the culture conditions. STEM CELLS 2011;29:871–882
Effect of spectrum analyzer's impulse bandwidth on the measurement of EM waves emitted from partial discharges in multipath‐rich environment
Authors: Murayama Tetsuya , Kawada Masatake , Isaka Katsuo 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSuperheterodyne spectrum analyzer (SA) has been widely used for receiving EM waves emitted from partial discharge (PD) because of its high sensitivity. Generally, resolution bandwidth is shown as a measurement parameter because the pulse response depends on the receiver's bandwidth. In this paper, we measure the impulse bandwidth of SA and describe the effect of the impulse bandwidth of SA on the measurement of EM waves emitted from PD in multipath‐rich environment. The results showed that the field strength of the EM waves emitted from PD is proportional to the impulse bandwidth higher than about 200 kHz and signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) increases with the impulse bandwidth as in the measurement of pulsed RF signals. © 2011 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Expected security cost‐based FACTS device allocation using hybrid PSO
Authors: Seto Wibowo Rony , Yorino Naoto , Eghbal Mehdi , Zoka Yoshifumi , Sasaki Yutaka 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis paper presents FACTS device allocation for market‐based power systems. The purpose of the FACTS installation is to provide benefit for all entities. Therefore, we use a concept of minimizing expected security cost (ESC), implying to maximize social welfare, to minimize operating reserve, and to minimize load interruption in annual basis. The FACTS device investment cost is also taken into account. The ESC considers operating cost under normal state and contingencies along with their associated probabilities to occur. Annual basis bid data is used to compute ESC as well as the cost data for load interruption and reserve procurement. This paper also considers control actions among multiple FACTS device to achieve minimum ESC. To solve the overall problem, particle swarm optimization is utilized to obtain optimal FACTS device allocation as main problem while sequential quadratic programing is used to solve optimal power flow as suboptimization problem. © 2011 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Autoregressive processes
Authors: Brockwell P. J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn this article, the definition, properties, and applications of linear autoregressive processes (or autoregressions) are reviewed. These form an important subset of the class of autoregressive moving‐average (ARMA) processes which are widely used as stationary models for time series data. Particular attention is paid to the problem of selecting and estimating appropriate autoregressions to describe empirically observed time series. WIREs Comp Stat 2011 3 316–331 DOI: 10.1002/wics.163This article is categorized under:

Applications of Computational Statistics > Computational Mathematics
Applications of Computational Statistics > Signal and Image Processing and Coding
Data: Types and Structure > Time Series, Stochastic Processes, and Functional Data
RNA nucleotide methylation
Authors: Motorin Yuri , Helm Mark 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMethylation of RNA occurs at a variety of atoms, nucleotides, sequences and tertiary structures. Strongly related to other posttranscriptional modifications, methylation of different RNA species includes tRNA, rRNA, mRNA, tmRNA, snRNA, snoRNA, miRNA, and viral RNA. Different catalytic strategies are employed for RNA methylation by a variety of RNA‐methyltransferases which fall into four superfamilies. This review outlines the different functions of methyl groups in RNA, including biophysical, biochemical and metabolic stabilization of RNA, quality control, resistance to antibiotics, mRNA reading frame maintenance, deciphering of normal and altered genetic code, selenocysteine incorporation, tRNA aminoacylation, ribotoxins, splicing, intracellular trafficking, immune response, and others. Connections to other fields including gene regulation, DNA repair, stress response, and possibly histone acetylation and exocytosis are pointed out. WIREs RNA 2011 2 611–631 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.79This article is categorized under:

RNA Processing > RNA Editing and Modification
RITS—connecting transcription, RNA interference, and heterochromatin assembly in fission yeast
Authors: Creamer Kevin M. , Partridge Janet F. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn recent years, a bevy of evidence has been unearthed indicating that ‘silent’ heterochromatin is not as transcriptionally inert as once thought. In the unicellular yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the processing of transcripts derived from centromeric repeats into homologous short interfering RNA (siRNA) is essential for the formation of centromeric heterochromatin. Deletion of genes required for siRNA biogenesis showed that core components of the canonical RNA interference (RNAi) pathway are essential for centromeric heterochromatin assembly as well as for centromere function. Subsequent purification of the RNA‐induced initiation of transcriptional gene silencing (RITS) complex provided the critical link between siRNAs and heterochromatin assembly, with RITS acting as a physical bridge between noncoding RNA scaffolds and chromatin. Here, we review current understanding of how RITS promotes heterochromatin formation and how it participates in transcription‐coupled silencing. WIREs RNA 2011 2 632–646 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.80This article is categorized under:

RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Interactions: Functional Implications
Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Biogenesis of Effector Small RNAs
Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > RNAi: Mechanisms of Action
Uridine insertion/deletion editing in trypanosomes: a playground for RNA‐guided information transfer
Authors: Aphasizhev Ruslan , Aphasizheva Inna 
Published: March 2011

AbstractRNA editing is a collective term referring to enzymatic processes that change RNA sequence apart from splicing, 5′ capping or 3′ extension. In this article, we focus on uridine insertion/deletion mRNA editing found exclusively in mitochondria of kinetoplastid protists. This type of editing corrects frameshifts, introduces start and stops codons, and often adds much of the coding sequence to create an open reading frame. The mitochondrial genome of trypanosomatids, the most extensively studied clade within the order Kinetoplastida, is composed of ∼50 maxicircles with limited coding capacity and thousands of minicircles. To produce functional mRNAs, a multitude of nuclear‐encoded factors mediate interactions of maxicircle‐encoded pre‐mRNAs with a vast repertoire of minicircle‐encoded guide RNAs. Editing reactions of mRNA cleavage, U‐insertions or U‐deletions, and ligation are catalyzed by the RNA editing core complex (RECC, the 20S editosome) while each step of this enzymatic cascade is directed by guide RNAs. These 50–60 nucleotide (nt) molecules are 3′ uridylated by RET1 TUTase and stabilized via association with the gRNA binding complex (GRBC). Remarkably, the information transfer between maxicircle and minicircle transcriptomes does not rely on template‐dependent polymerization of nucleic acids. Instead, intrinsic substrate specificities of key enzymes are largely responsible for the fidelity of editing. Conversely, the efficiency of editing is enhanced by assembling enzymes and RNA binding proteins into stable multiprotein complexes. WIREs RNA 2011 2 669–685 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.82This article is categorized under:

RNA Processing > RNA Editing and Modification
RNA Processing > Processing of Small RNAs
A descriptive study evaluating the circumstances of medical treatment for acute pancreatitis before publication of the new JPN guidelines based on the Japanese administrative database associated with the Diagnosis Procedure Combination system
Authors: Murata Atsuhiko , Matsuda Shinya , Mayumi Toshihiko , Yokoe Masamichi , Kuwabara Kazuaki , Ichimiya Yukako , Fujino Yoshihisa , Kubo Tatsuhiko , Fujimori Kenji , Horiguchi Hiromasa 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPurposeTo examine the circumstances of medical treatment for acute pancreatitis before publication of the new Japanese (JPN) guidelines using the Japanese administrative database associated with the Diagnosis Procedure Combination system.MethodsWe collected data from 7,193 patients with acute pancreatitis in 2008 and examined the recommended medical treatment in the new JPN guidelines [from recommendations B (considered to be recommended treatments) to D (considered to be unacceptable treatments)] according to severity of acute pancreatitis. Patients were divided into two groups: mild cases (n = 6,520) and severe cases (n = 673).ResultsEnteral nutrition for severe cases without ileus (recommendation B) was uncommon (13.5%). In contrast, prophylactic antibiotics were administered in a large number (80.4%) of mild cases without acute cholangitis (recommendation D). Furthermore, administration of H2 receptor antagonists, except for cases of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (recommendation D), were performed in many patients with both mild and severe cases (66.8 vs. 78.6%).ConclusionsThis study demonstrated a discrepancy between actual medical treatment performed and the new JPN guidelines with regard to some of the medical treatments. Future studies are required after publication of the new JPN guidelines to determine how they affect medical treatments.