bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virus adaptation to host cells: The non‐classical modification of phage T3
Authors: Krüger D. H. , Hansen Sigrid , Schroeder Cornelia 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBacterial virus T3 undergoes host‐controlled modification which is not based on “classical” processes of DNA modification and restriction. The adsorption and thus the growth of T3 on Escherichia coli W cells (E. coli K12 derivative) decisively depends on the host strain on which the virus was previously propagated. Depending on the modification conferred to the virus by its last host, its efficiency of plating (e.o.p.) on E. coli W varies by six orders o magnitude between 10−7 and 10−1. This does not reflect the appearance of T3 host‐range mutants, but a fully reversible modification of genotypically unchanged T3 wild‐type phage.The behaviour of T3 in the described host system constitutes a second case of so‐called nonclassical modification and restriction (KRÜGER et al. 1977, Molec. gen. Genet. 153, 107–110) of bacteriophages, Non‐classical modification (protein modification) is additive to and independent of DNA modification and restriction as demonstrated with the ocr− phage T3/R7. – Furthermore, our results suggest that the adsorption specificity of T3 is determined by at least two independent genetic factors; in both of these factors T3 differs from T7.
Resistenz gegen Quecksilber und Cadmium bei Staphylococcus aureus unterschiedlicher ökologischer Herkunft
Authors: Witte W. , van Dip Nguyen , Hummel Ruth 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFor S. aureus isolates of different ecological origin, MIC‐values for HgCl2 and CdSO4 were determined on a synthetical medium. Only strains from outbreaks of suppurative infections in hospitals were resistent to mercury, strains from infections in out‐patients, from healthy human nasal carriers, from infections in cattle, sheep, chicken, and pigs were sensitive.Resistance to cadmium occurred in strains from man and from cattle but not in strains from sheep, chicken, and pigs. The majority of the cadmium‐resistant strains was also resistant to penicillin, but some strains were only resistant to cadmium and sensitive to antibiotics.
Inhibitor studies of phage T4 wild‐type and mutant DNA polymerases. III. Distamycin A, actinomycin D, adriamycin, daunomycin and ethidium
Authors: Jantschak J. , Schroeder Cornelia , Jantschak J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAdriamycin, daunomycin and ethidium, intercalating drugs which bind to double‐ as well as single‐stranded DNA, inhibit phage T4 antimutator mutant CB121 DNA polymerase more strongly than the T4 wild‐type and the mutator L98 polymerase. In contrast, all three enzymes are inhibited equally by distamycin A and actinomycin C. The latter two inhibitors bind only to double‐stranded DNA.
Survival and mutagenesis in UV‐irradiated phage: Multi‐hit kinetics of mutation induction and lack of indirect induction by infection with UV‐irradiated phage of error‐prone repair
Authors: Krauss Gabriele , Mennigmann H.‐D. , Kaplan R. W. , Mennigmann H. D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe paper is concerned with the question of whether Weigle‐reactivation (WR) and Weigle‐mutagenesis (WM) can be indirectly induced by infection with UV‐irradiated phage. Experiments neither with phage λ of Escherichia coli nor with phage χ of Serratia marcescens show such induction‐In this respects phage DNA differs from F′‐DNA or Hfr‐DNA; possible explanations are discussed.In both systems clear plaque mutations can also be induced by UV without irradiation of the host cells; they appear, in unirradiated and irradiated host cells, with an increase in frequency which is greater than proportional to the UV dose. It is concluded that mutation induction of phage in the unirradiated host cells is due to a low level constitutive mutagenic repair; this could either be due to “spontaneous” induction of the mutagenic SOS‐function or it could be a mechanism different from this one. Host irradiation would give rise to additional activity by the induced SOS‐function leading to WR and WM.It is further concluded that deviation of the induction kinetics from a linear dose‐dependence is not due to the necessary induction of SOS‐functions.
Leaching of a silicate and carbonate copper ore with heterotrophic fungi and bacteria, producing organic acids
Authors: Kiel Hildegard , Schwartz W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractLeaching of metals with carbon‐heterotrophic microorganisms and organic acids as active agents has been performed with Timna copper ore containing 1.1% copper as carbonates and silicate and with some other metal oxides. Aspergillus niger surface cultures on a 14% sucrose fermentation medium yielded 87.3% of total copper from a 10% suspension within 2 weeks of leaching. On sulfite liquor as an industrial waste product A. niger solubilized 73.8% Cu within 4 weeks. In percolators with 14% sucrose medium up to 1780 ppm copper were found in solution. In leaching experiments with a sea water medium containing 7% sucrose only 684 ppm Cu were soluble. Leaching with lactobacilli containing whey yielded 83.4% of the total copper in 4 weeks.
Einfluß der Kohlenstoffquelle auf die Reservestoffbildung von Candida spec. H
Authors: Brückner B. , Tröger R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractVarious aspects of the carbon energy reserve metabolism of Candida spec. H on glucose in comparison to its metabolism on hydrocarbons were studied in this article. In the absence of nitrogen for growth cells undergo several changes in their chemical composition. The content of protein and nucleic acids decreases rapidly. At the same time on the glucose medium glycogen and trehalose were markedly accumulated, whereas lipid accumulation was only slight. On the hydrocarbon substrate both carbohydrates and lipid were increased. Also the difference between the fatty acid composition of Candida spec. H when grown on glucose and on n‐alkanes was studied. The results were discussed.
Orotsäure – ein Wuchsfaktor für Pasteurella multocida
Authors: Flossmann K.‐D. , Höfer M. , Erler W. , Feist H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractOrotsäure stellt einen Wuchsfaktor für die Vermehrung von Pasteurella multocida dar. Sie ist mit abnehmender Wirksamkeit durch andere Pyrimidine ersetzbar (Uracil > Cytosin » Thymin). Untersuchungen mit 2‐, 6‐, 7‐, U‐14C‐ bzw. 5‐3H‐Orotsäure beweisen, daß die Wirkung der Orotsäure in ihrer zentralen Stellung im Pyrimidinstoffwechsel zu sehen ist. Die Radioaktivität des Pyrimidinringes wird in den Pyrimidinbasen der Bakterienzelle wiedergefunden, während die Aktivität der Carboxylgruppe (7‐14C‐Orotsäure) hauptsächlich in Bernsteinsäure, einem im Kulturfiltrat auftretenden Metaboliten des Kohlenhydrat‐ und Aminosäure‐Stoffwechsels, auftritt. Die Untersuchungen sprechen dafür, daß die Pyrimidinbiosynthese bei P. multocida in den Anfangsschritten, vermutlich infolge ungenügender CO2‐Bereitstellung, gestört ist. Für eine Vermehrung in vitro genügen etwa 0,1 mMol Orotsäure pro 1 Nährmedium.Auf Grund des Einbaus des Pyrimidinskeletts in die Bakterienzelle eignet sich am Pyrimidinkern markierte Orotsäure bestens als radioaktives Material zur Markierung von P. multocida‐Zellen.
Geomicrobiological leaching of the minerals by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and organic agents
Authors: Teh G. H. , Schwartz W. , Amstutz C. C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractLaboratory investigations confirm that it is possible to leach tin from synthetic minerals like stannite, kesterite, stannoidite, herzenbergite, ottemannite and berndtite, and from natural tin minerals which include stannite, cassiterite and varlamoffite, in the presence of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, and with organic agents of biological origin, especially oxalic acid and oxalic‐citric acids mixture.Over a leaching period of 35 days with 0.5% pulp density, initial pH of 2.5, using minus 0.16 mm size fraction at 32°C, as much as 54.45, 72.66, 97.13, and 31.30% Sn were extracted from synthetic stannite, kesterite, stannoidite and natural stannite, respectively. Varlamoffite, found in the dried, leached residues of the tin sulphides, provides evidence that bacterial action can be responsible for the genesis of supergene varlamoffite.
Studies on air‐borne fungi at Qena II. Diurnal fluctuations
Authors: Abdel‐Fattah H. M. , Moubasher A. H. , Swelim M. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe air‐borne fungi displayed diurnal periodicities. The total count of fungi exhibited double‐peaked pattern, one at 6 a.m. and the other at 18 p.m. (the higher).Aspergillus diurnal activities were almost parallel to those of total fungi.Cladosporium showed one main peak at 18 p.m. Penicillium and Alternaria displayed some pattern of diurnal activity and their maxima were observed.
Struktur der Zellwandpolysaccharide in der Futtereiweiß‐Hefe Candida spec. H. IV. Struktur der alkalilabilen Oligosaccharide im Mannan‐Protein‐Phosphat‐Komplex
Authors: Grimmecke H.‐D , Reuter G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMild alkaline degradation of the proteophosphomannan (PPM) under conditions that effect β‐elimination of the residues, O‐glycosidically bound on serine and threonine, release mainly mannose, glucose, mannobioses and mannotrioses with the same structures as those obtained by acetolysis of the polysaccharide component of the PPM. Methylation analysis and paper chromatography demonstrated the structural heterogeneity of the tetra‐, penta‐ and hexasaccharide fractions containing 1,2‐ and 1,6‐linked and 1,2,6‐branched manno‐oligosaccharides. Methylation analysis and acetolysis, paper chromatography and analysis of the carbohydrate composition of the oligosaccharide fractions DP 7–12 and DP 15–19 demonstrated inner core region like structures containing 1,2‐ and 1,6‐linked mannose, 1,2,6‐ and 1,3,6‐branchpoints and N‐acetyl‐d‐glucosamine.
Analysis of morphogenesis of the nocardioform organism Oerskovia xanthineolytica
Authors: Kretschmer S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDepending on the nutritional and physicochemical conditions of growth the shape of Oerskovia xanthineolytica varied within a broad range. In different exponentially growing cultures five morphological types could be distinguished. In liquid cultures with increasing growth rate Oerskovia grew either as rods, filaments or branched filaments, whereas for the agar‐microcultures pseudomycelia, but under reduced aeration mycelia were typical. The morphogenetic parameters of each type were determined, such as frequencies of septation and cell separation and – since wall extension was found to occur by the synthesizing activity of elongation sites (e‐sites), their frequency, position and elongation rate as well.The cell length varied between 1 and about 20 μm, roughly correlated to the specific growth rate, but was also influenced by the composition and the consistence of the medium. The longest cells were found within the faster growing cultures, forming branched filaments, mycelia or pseudomycelia. During transition to the stationary growth phase these forms fragmented into rods by increase of the frequency of septation and cell separation.Increased cell length was accompanied by a reduced frequency of e‐site formation which was compensated by an enhancement of their synthesizing activity. The rate of envelope synthesis varied with the morphological type from 0.12 to 9.60 μm/h. In agar‐microcultures these values were much higher than in liquid media.In liquid cultures the e‐sites preferentially were situated at one (rod) or the 2 cell poles (filaments), but during faster growth additional e‐sites were formed within the cylindrical part of the envelope, thus leading to branching. In pseudomycelia the e‐sites were formed laterally at the poles. In mycelia the poles did not receive e‐site‐activity, which instead occured remote from the cell poles, also causing branching. This means that branching is either the result of the formation of more than two (up to 7) e‐sites per cell (fast growing liquid cultures) or of a specific lack of transforming the poles into e‐sites, (weakly aerated agar‐cultures).The separation of sister cells was correlated to the transformation of poles into e‐sites.
Abbau von Steroiden durch Mikroorganismen XVII. 11β‐ und 12β‐Hydroxylierung von (20S)‐20‐Carboxy‐1,4‐pregnadien‐3‐on durch Cochliobolus lunatus
Authors: Hörhold C. , Rose G. , Kaufmann G. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract(20S)‐20‐Carboxy‐1,4‐pregnadien‐3‐one was hydroxylated by Cochliobolus lunatus in positions 11β and 12β. The two novel compounds were characterized by means of UV‐, IR‐ and NMR‐spectroscopy. The possibility to use microbial degradation products of the 20‐carboxy‐pregnane type for the partial synthesis of glucocorticosteroids is discussed.
Genetic analysis of prophage effects on heteroimmune superin fection in Serratia marcescens
Authors: Steiger H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPlaque formation of phage χ on Serratia marcescens strain HY normally depends on the presence of either a ψ or y prophage in the indicator bacteria. Bacterial ink mutants allowing χ growth in the absence of either prophage were isolated from the doubly cured strain HY (ψ, y)−. By means of a χ mutant, named gdy, an active participation of χ in antagonizing inhibition of its own growth on HY (ψ, y)−) was demonstrated. The gdy mutation is closely linked to gene cIII coding for the χ repressor. The prophages ψ and y enable χ to grow undisturbed probably by modifying the χ DNA during replication in such a way that it is not susceptible to the ink+ effect. Whereas χ grown on HY (ψ, y)−ink− gave only rare productive infections of HY (ψ, y)−, ψ and y grown on the same strain were fully infective.The interference exerted by a χ prophage on vegetative propagation of y is based upon a multicomponent mechanism, the interference being removed, or diminished by mutations residing either inside or outside of the χ prophage. The responsible phage gene iny+ is dominant over its mutant allele iny−; hence it codes for a diffusible product. Both on the vegetative and the prophage genome iny is located near gene lI responsible for lysogenic conversion of bacteria to non‐adsorption of χ.The restriction‐modification system of HY is not involved in the growth inhibition of χ by HY (ψ, y)−. Contrary to the other phages used in this work y is refractory to restriction.
Zusammenhang zwischen Koloniemorphologie und Polysaccharidgehalt in zellwandmodifizierten Mutanten von Candida spec. „H”︁
Authors: Kölblin R. , Birkenbell S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe polysaccharide content of cell wall glucan and mannan from 40 morphological mutants was determined by a modified method according to MÄNDL et al. (1969) and discussed with reference to morphology of the colonies. A connection between morphology of the colonies and the content in high‐molecular mannan was stated: Morphological mutants with a significantly higher or lower content in high‐molecular mannan in comparison with the wild strain are characterized by marked changes in morphology of the colonies. In contrast to this, the content in low‐molecular mannan and glucan has no influence on the morphological development of a colony.
A novel extracellular proteinase from Bacillus pumilus
Authors: Okotore R. O. , Akinrimisi E. O. , Ojo M. O. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBacillus pumilus NCTC AII6/73 produces a novel extracellular alkaline proteinase whose optimum is pH 9.5. The purified product from ion‐exchange chromatography (DEAE‐cellulose) was resolved into two bands by polyacrylamide‐sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) gel electrophoresis. These had approximate molecular weights of 15.6 × 103 and 11.1 × 103 daltons, respectively, and a high content of glycine and proline, comprising roughly 50% of the total amino acid residues.
Transformation of tomatidine by Gymnoascus reesii
Authors: Belič I. , Gaberc‐Porekar V. , Sočič H. , Žaelj M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractGymnoascus reesii degrades tomatidine after 120 h to products no more detectable by TLC. The intermediates, produced after 48 h of incubation, were identified as tomatanin‐3α‐ol, tomatidone, 4‐tomatiden‐3‐one, 1‐tomatiden‐3‐one, 1,4‐tomatadien‐3‐one, and probably 15 β‐hydroxytomatidone.The possible degradation pattern of tomatidine by Gymnoascus reesii is discussed.
Interaction of bacteriophage T7 with Hind‐endonuclease‐producing Haemophilus influenzae Rd cells
Authors: Krüger D. H. , Hansen Sigrid , Hartmann M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn order to test the influence of the restriction endonucleases of Haemophilus species on in vivo DNA restriction of phage T7 and its close relative T3 as well as to determine whether the anti DNA restriction effect of the T7 and T3 ocr+ gene is also expressed in Haemophilus cells, we studied the interaction of T7 and T3 with Haemophilus influenzae serotypes Rd and Rc and Haemophilus parainfluenzae. The results show that T7 and T3 are unable to infect these bacterial species because they do not adsorb to the cells.
Arthrobacter globiformis — ein neues hefelytisches Bakterium
Authors: Blechschmidt D. , Gohr C. , Tröger R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA bacterium capable to lyse viable yeast cells was isolated from compost enriched with baker's yeast cells and was identified as Arthrobacter globiformis.The yeast lytic enzyme complex produced by shaking culture was precipitated with ammonium sulfate, dialyzed and lyophilized. The crude residue contained β‐glucanase and α‐mannanase, yet not chitinase. Optimale carbon sources in the culture medium for a high enzyme synthesis were 0.5% β‐glucan for the production of β‐glucanase, resp., 3% α‐mannan for the production of α‐mannanase. Addition of 10% whole died baker's yeast cells to the culture medium effected similar results.The crude enzyme residue released among other things spheroplasts from cells of the yeast Pichia membranaefaciens, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Hansenula anomala and Candida guilliermondii “H”. However, it did not or only weakly lyse viable cells of the yeasts Rhodotorula rubra, Rhodosporidium toruloides and Sporobolomyces roseus.The mutants of Candida guilliermondii “H” with modified glucan, resp., mannan concentrations in the cell walls did not indicate differences in their susceptibility to lysis.
A new major outer membrane protein in derivatives of Escherichia coli carrying the virulence plasmid ColV‐K94
Authors: Moores Jane C. , Rowbury R. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractStrains of Escherichia coli K12 harbouring ColV‐K94 contain a new major outer membrane protein of molecular weight ca. 33,000. The new protein resembles the Omp A protein in that (1) it is trypsin‐sensitive in membrane preparations and (2) it is not murein‐associated. The new protein cannot, however, replace the Omp A protein as a functional receptor for the phages K3 and Tull*, for colicin L or for efficient conjugation with F‐like donors. The new protein is apparently not a transfer component and is produced by cells unable to produce colicin. Labelling experiments with minicells suggest that the new protein is one of two major plasmid‐encoded membrane proteins.
The temperature profile of growth, death and yield of the starch‐converting yeast Lipomyces kononenkoae
Authors: Spencer‐Martins I. , van Uden N. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA strain of Lipomyces kononenkoae earlier proposed for industrial starch bioconversion was found to have a dissociative temperature profile. The ARRHENIUS plot of sustained exponential growth displayed a single branch between the optimum (32–33°C) and the maximum (about 35°C) temperature for growth while the extrapolated ARRHENIUS plots of growth and thermal death intersected at a biologically non‐significant value. The yield of L. kononenkoae on glucose did not decrease at supraoptimal temperatures while the associative yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae suffered yield decreases above the optimum temperature for growth with increasing temperature.
Theoretische Bestimmung energetischer Wirkungsgrade der mikrobiellen Kohlenstoffsubstratwandlung und Vergleich mit experimentellen Werten an Phasenkulturen
Authors: Heinritz B. , Stichel E. , Rogge G. , Bley T. , Glombitza F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe phenomenological description of microbial substrate conversion is possible by connecting energy and material balance equations.The change of free enthalpy of microbial substrate conversion was determined on the basis of exact material balance equations. A simultaneous determination of heat production allowed to calculate the energetic efficiency of microbial growth processes. In addition to this the change of free enthalpy by microbial substrate conversion was standardized by the free standard formation enthalpy of biomass. Both quantities were used for comparing microbial combustion of several substrates into biomass. Comparable with the concept of substrate combustion enthalpy standardized by the combustion enthalpy of biomass an optimal strategy of mixing different substrates can be deduced from energy and material balance equations on the basis of theoretic consumption coefficients.Besides the energetic efficiency the binding state of the substrate is important in the search for optimal substrate mixing ratios. This could be shown by experimental work. Thus, the fermentation systems sucrose/yeast, paraffin/yeast, and sucrose/paraffin/yeast were studied using synchronous populations produced by the method of phased cultures. The investigations of real fermentation systems confirm the theoretical predictions on special conditions.
Genetische Rekombination in Mutanten des Anthracyclin‐Bildners Streptomyces griseus
Authors: Schumann G. , Fleck W. F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIt was found that genetic recombination occurs if two marked strains of Streptomyces griseus (leukaemomycin‐producing strains. IMET JA 3933 and IMET JA 5142) are grown together in mixed cultures on semisolid media. The crossing techniques used and the method for carrying out selective analysis were essentially the same as those described by HOPWOOD (1967, 1972). The parent strains used for crosses were marked with single or double nutritional requirements and with mutations for drug resistance. The crosses are quite self‐sterile, yielding only in one combination stable prototrophic recombinants at a low frequency (10−5 to 10−6). The majority of recombinants behaved as stable haploid genotypes. A series of four‐point crosses of different types of auxotrophs was carried out. The results of these experiments do not provide sufficient data for constructing a chromosome map, but provide basic information on the possibilities of genetic analysis of the production of anthracycline antibiotics. The majority of crosses performed were not fertile at 28°C but, surprisingly, in some crosses carried out at 34°C viable colonies were detected on minimal media at frequencies from 10−3 to 10−2.
Zellteilung und Makromolekülsynthesen in auswachsenden Sporen einer temperatursensitiven filamentösen Mutante von Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Prösch S. , Hecker M. , Mach H. , Mach F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA temperature sensitive mutant of Bacillus subtilis SB 19, strain ts 33‐6 was characterized. This strain grows at 46°C (restrictive temperature) with reduced intensity without septation processes. Under restrictive conditions DNA‐ and RNA‐synthesis are remarkably reduced. DNA, however, is synthesized continuously under restrictive conditions causing the formation of multinuclear filaments. Septation, induced at permissive temperature, is not prevented under restrictive conditions. That means that under restrictive conditions initiation of septation is blocked whereas formation of septa can be observed. Shift‐up experiments have shown that the initiation of septation processes occurs at an early stage of cell cycle.