bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Camelina sativaOil Deodorization: Balance Between Free Fatty Acids and Color Reduction and Isomerized Byproducts Formation
Authors: Hrastar Robert , Cheong Ling‐Zhi , Xu Xuebing , Miller Rasmus Leth , Košir Iztok Jože 
Published: October 2010

AbstractCamelina sativaoil is characterized by its high content (up to 40 wt%) of α‐linolenic acid and its unique flavor. It is considered to have beneficial health properties and is suitable for food and cosmetic uses. In the present study, response surface methodology was used to optimize processing parameters for bench‐scale deodorization of camelina oil. The mathematical models generated described the effects of process parameters (temperature, steam flow, time) on several deodorization quality indicators: free fatty acids (FFA),transfatty acids (TFA), color, and polymerized triglycerides (PTG). These newly established models can be used as a tool to identify optimum deodorization process conditions within chosen constraints. Based on the optimization of minimum retained FFA with the constraint of a maximum allowable TFA, deodorization parameters can be defined. At a constant steam flow rate of 42 ml/h, a temperature range of 210–220 °C, and deodorization time of 70–120 min were defined. 220 °C appears to be a critical upper temperature limit; above this temperature, isomerization rates significantly increase.
Enzyme Treatments to Enhance Oil Recovery from Condensed Corn Distillers Solubles
Authors: Majoni Sandra , Wang Tong , Johnson Lawrence A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the effect of enzyme hydrolysis of various corn components on oil recovery from condensed corn distillers solubles (CCDS). Hydrolysis with a commercial protease significantly increased oil recovery as the enzyme concentration increased, with the greatest oil recovery being 70% at 10% v/w (dry weight basis) enzyme concentration. Increasing centrifugal force from 8,500 to 12,240×g was only slightly effective for the non‐enzyme treated samples. Reducing CCDS particle size by grinding with a mortar and pestle increased oil recovery to 83% when an enzyme combination of a commercial cellulase mixture and a protease was used. Particle size reduction of CCDS by high‐speed blending resulted in low oil recovery, but the oil recovery was significantly improved after enzyme treatment. Zein‐lipid interaction was very strong when tested in a model system, with only 10% of the oil being freed by centrifugation alone. Following enzyme hydrolysis of the zein‐oil complex with a protease, oil recovery was increased to 97%. Overall, enzyme hydrolysis and further particle size reduction showed a small, albeit statistically significant, effect in increasing oil recovery from CCDS. These small increases may not justify the use of enzymes or processing modifications to reduce particle size in the ethanol industry, nonetheless, these data may provide a reference or insight to design more effective treatments for oil recovery.
Children playing branded video games: The impact of interactivity on product placement effectiveness
Authors: Hang Haiming , Auty Susan 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis study extends product placement research by testing the impact of interactivity on product placement effectiveness. The results suggest that when children cannot interact with the placements in video games, perceptual fluency is the underlying mechanism leading to positive affect. Therefore, the effects are only evident in a stimulus‐based choice where the same stimulus is provided as a cue. However, when children have the opportunity to interact with the placements in video games, they may be influenced by conceptual fluency. Thus, placements are still effective in a memory‐based choice where no stimulus is provided as a cue.
Comparison of vestibular evoked myogenic potentials elicited by click and short duration tone burst stimuli
Authors: Kumar K , Sinha S Kumar , Bharti A Kumar , Barman A 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIntroduction:Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials are short latency electrical impulses that are produced in response to higher level acoustic stimuli. They are used clinically to diagnose sacculocollic pathway dysfunction.Aim:This study aimed to compare the vestibular evoked myogenic potential responses elicited by click stimuli and short duration tone burst stimuli, in normal hearing individuals.Method:Seventeen subjects participated. In all subjects, we assessed vestibular evoked myogenic potentials elicited by click and short duration tone burst stimuli.Results and conclusion:The latency of the vestibular evoked myogenic potential responses (i.e. the p13 and n23 peaks) was longer for tone burst stimuli compared with click stimuli. The amplitude of the p13–n23 waveform was greater for tone burst stimuli than click stimuli. Thus, the click stimulus may be preferable for clinical assessment and identification of abnormalities as this stimulus has less variability, while a low frequency tone burst stimulus may be preferable when assessing the presence or absence of vestibular evoked myogenic potential responses.
Propofol as a bridge to extubation for high-risk children with congenital cardiac disease
Authors: Teng Sarena N. , Kaufman Jon , Czaja Angela S. , Friesen Robert H. , da Cruz Eduardo M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackgroundChildren with congenital cardiac defects may have associated chromosomal anomalies, airway compromise, and/or pulmonary hypertension, which can pose challenges to adequate sedation, weaning from mechanical ventilation, and successful extubation. Propofol, with its unique properties, may be used as a bridge to extubation in certain cardiac populations.Materials and methodsWe retrospectively reviewed 0–17-year-old patients admitted to the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit between January, 2007 and September, 2008, who required mechanical ventilation and received a continuous infusion of propofol as a bridge to extubation. Medical charts were reviewed for demographics, associated comorbidities, as well as additional sedation medications and haemodynamic trends including vital signs and vasopressor support during the peri-infusion period. Successful extubation was defined as no re-intubation required for respiratory failure within 48 hours. Outcomes measured were successful extubation, evidence for propofol infusion syndrome, haemodynamic stability, and fluid and inotropic requirements.ResultsWe included 11 patients for a total of 12 episodes. Propofol dose ranged from 0.4 to 5.6 milligram per kilogram per hour with an average infusion duration of 7 hours. All patients were successfully extubated, and none demonstrated worsening metabolic acidosis suggestive of the propofol infusion syndrome. All patients remained haemodynamically stable during the infusion with average heart rates and blood pressures remaining within age-appropriate ranges. One patient received additional fluid but no increase in vasopressors was needed.ConclusionsThis study suggests that propofol infusions may allow for successful extubation in a certain population of children with congenital cardiac disease. Further studies are required to confirm whether propofol is an efficient and safe alternative in this setting.
'Tis Like They Never Left: Locating “Home” in the Music of Sliabh Aughty's Diaspora
Authors: COLLINS TIM 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis article, which builds on research in the fields of Irish traditional music, place, and diaspora, focuses on a community of diasporic musicians from Sliabh Aughty, an upland region of approximately 250 square miles that encompasses the musical storehouses of east Clare and southeast Galway in the West of Ireland. It examines the importance of home for these musicians, who have been resident in the United States for many decades. Their personal music geographies are explored to ascertain how traditional Irish music plays a critical role in transcending their sense of dislocation and reconnecting them with “home.”
Exchanging Experimental Kinetic Data via SabioML
Authors: Golebiewski Martin 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe simulation of quantitative biochemical models not only requires qualitative information about the stoichiometry of the described networks, but also kinetic data describing their dynamics. Such kinetic data have to be experimentally measured, collected, systematically structured and stored to finally make them accessible. However, the dataflow from the experiment to the model is still a bottleneck, calling for systems that capture the data directly from the instrument, process and normalize it to agreed standards and finally transfer the data to publicly available databases.SABIO-RK (http://sabio.h-its.org) is a curated database system which we have developed for bundling data referring to biochemical reactions and their kinetics. It offers data for metabolic pathways and as a novelty also for signalling reactions. Until recently, the database solely has been compiled through manual data mining of published papers and merging the kinetic data excerpt with information collected from other databases. We have designed the novel XML-based schema SabioML for exchanging experimentally derived kinetic data and corresponding metadata between programs or databases. The schema is tailored to SABIO-RK, however also could serve for transferring data between other resources. It comprises the description of kinetic laws with their parameters and relevant metadata in a structured and standardised format applying controlled vocabulary, as well as the possibility to assign annotations complying with the MIRIAM standard (Minimum Information Required In the Annotation of Models). Based on this data description format we have developed a submission interface that allows transfer of reaction kinetics data directly from the experimental instrument to the SABIO-RK database. The data can be accessed by the submitting researcher and, after release by the submitter and curation to ensure completeness of the data, also by the public, either manually via a web-based user interface or automated via web-services, both supporting the export of the data together with its annotations in SBML (Systems Biology Mark-up Language).The system introduced here considerably facilitates the exchange of kinetic data between experimentalists and modelers. We are convinced that in systems biology it will become quite useful for the integration of the results of high throughput assays into biochemical computer models for simulation.
References:
Swainston N, Golebiewski M, et al., FEBS Journal 277(18): 3769-3779 (September 2010)Rojas I, Golebiewski M, et al., In Silico Biology 7(2 Suppl): S37-44 (2007)
Large Auxiliary Power Units for Vessels and Airplanes
Authors: Peters Ralf , Westenberger Andreas 
Published: October 2010

Electricity requirements in mobile applications are increasing in nearly all forecasts for the future by electric devices for more comfort and a guaranteed energy supply during idling mode. Today combustion engines and turbo jet engines were applied as auxiliary power units (APU) on-board of air planes and ocean-going vessels. Fuel cells are envisaged as an environmental friendly and high efficient energy conversion system for future systems. The ideal energy carrier for fuel cells is hydrogen. The availability of hydrogen is a prerequisite for the use of fuel cells in mobile and stationary applications. However, an infrastructure for hydrogen as a future energy carrier does not yet exist. It is therefore essential that hydrogen be produced from readily available energy carriers. Usually for logistical reasons, APUs should use the same fuel as the main engine. This will be kerosene or JET A-1 for air planes and diesel or marine gas oil for vessels.
This contribution will show the requirements of for aeronautic and maritime applications and will give an overview about today's developments in fuel cell technology and fuel processing. The targeted power class of large APUs for these applications is higher than 400 – 500 kWe. Especially for aeronautic applications two system concepts were compared for long and short range missions with hydrogen and JET A-1 as fuel. The application of kerosene-based fuel cell APUs for long-range missions could be preferable due to the lower volume required for the complete multifunctional system, the usage of the existing infrastructure, a short- to medium-term CO2 reduction and a gradual switch to biofuels. Short-range missions require a low system mass which lead to the preference of hydrogen-based HT-PEFCs.
Hydrogen Production by Internal Reforming Fuel Cells
Authors: Hemmes Kas 
Published: October 2010

Internal reforming fuel cells have been developed based on the Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell as well as on the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell. In these concepts effective use is made of the high temperature of the fuel cell and the surplus of heat produced by the fuel cell. The high temperature allows the reforming of hydrocarbons to hydrogen by a reaction with steam. This is an endothermic reaction consuming part of the (waste) heat produced in the fuel cell, which thereby increases the fuel cell's efficiency. The capability of internal reforming fuel cells to reform hydrocarbons can be exploited further by producing more hydrogen than necessary for their own consumption.This can be done by decreasing electric power output or by increasing the input of hydrocarbons. By producing hydrogen the Nernst loss of the fuel cell decreases since also the area near the fuel exit still contains a high partial pressure of hydrogen contrary to standard operation. Total efficiency in terms of hydrogen and power output can reach 95% as was shown by flowsheet calculations. Furthermore since waste heat can be converted into hydrogen the fuel cell can be operated in higher power density compared to standard operation and still obtain relatively high efficiencies in terms of hydrogen and power production. Overall a very flexible system is obtained in which operation can be optimized depending on (local) demand and market prices for power, hydrogen and heat.
A very interesting but more exotic form of hydrogen production using fuel cells is a concept in which carbon is electrochemically converted into carbon monoxide and subsequently reacted with steam to form carbon dioxide and hydrogen in the well known shift reaction. The electrochemical reaction takes place in a Direct Carbon Fuel Cell operated at high temperature to promote the formation of CO above CO2 following the temperature dependance of the Boudouard equilibrium.
The reaction is characterized by a negative enthalpy change and a positive entropy change. Therefor the reversible electrochemical reaction is endothermic and next to chemical energy also heat is converted into electric power. The conversion process can be called ‘electrochemical gasification’ and is a true Multi Source Multi Product conversion system in which chemical energy and heat are converted into electric power and CO (to hydrogen).
Proteomics
Authors: Hesse Anne-Marie , Vinh Joëlle 
Published: October 2010

Understanding the functioning of a living cell supposes to decipher the complex molecular mechanisms which underlie the various cellular activities. All the genes of an organism, or its genome, constitute a static and specific databank of this living being. From a unique genome, every cellular type of an organism is going to express a set of proteins, or proteome, which is going to vary according to the environment of the cells. As proteins constitute the final actors of the biological processes, their study may offer the most relevant vision of the functioning of a living cell.
In this part the specificity of proteomic approaches are discussed. Analytical strategies involving biological mass spectrometry are presented in association with liquid chromatography. Multidimensional analyses are introduced for complex mixture analysis and quantification. In conclusion specific technological developments towards the miniaturization, the integration and the automation of the analysis of samples available in very low amounts are introduced as the next step towards single cell proteomics.
DNA Analysis in Microfluidic Devices and their Application to Single Cell Analysis
Authors: Marcy Yann , Bras Angélique Le 
Published: October 2010

The main developments of microfluidic systems for genetic analyses are aimed at the miniaturization of all biological operations from sampling to detection, an operation named by Manz Micro Total Analysis System (μTAS) 20 years ago.1 Since then, intense efforts have been made to integrate on a single device all the steps of sample analysis. This integration proved highly complex and has hindered the development of hands-off systems with sample-in answer-out capabilities, apart from a handful of examples in the literature and only one commercially available device (Cepheid).2–4
Nevertheless, these efforts have not been wasted since we have witnessed successful uses of microfluidic systems for certain dedicated tasks, either as a preparative step or as a detection mean, with major improvements over conventional molecular biology. Some of these devices have now become part of the standard equipment of biology labs, replacing old technologies.
We will review here the state-of-the-art of microfluidic systems for genetic analyses and analyze their ability to reproduce biological operations and even go beyond, by achieving superior performances either in speed, consumption or efficiency, especially in the case of single cell analysis.
A Concrete Case: A Microfluidic Device for Single Cell Whole Transcriptome Analysis
Authors: Bontoux Nathalie , Dauphinot Luce , Potier Marie-Claude 
Published: October 2010

Single cell whole transcriptome analysis, i.e. the analysis of all the genes that are expressed by a cell at a given time and under given physiological or pathological conditions, constitutes a major challenge in understanding cellular diversity and the complexity of living organisms. Indeed, such analyses will be key in unravelling cellular regulatory networks and understanding cell growth, differentiation and migration mechanisms.1 They are also of significant interest for diagnosis and could prove a very efficient tool to identify new therapeutic targets.2
With the recent development of DNA microarrays, the transcriptome, i.e. the expression of all the genes, can now be studied in a single experiment. However, current labelling and detection methods require a starting amount of total RNA of about 100ng, which is around 104 times more than the content of a single cell. The sensitivity thus undoubtedly needs to be improved to achieve accurate single cell whole transcriptome analysis. In this context, microfluidic devices offer interesting perspectives since they enable studies to be performed at the pico or nanoliter scale.
In this chapter, we will detail our microfluidic approach for whole gene profiling of single cells. We will briefly review the choice of protocols for single cell transcriptome amplification as well as materials and techniques that can be used to fabricate microfluidic devices. We will describe the integration of the reverse-transcription (RT) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) steps on chip and then discuss how all the steps of the biological protocol can be integrated in a single lab-on-a-chip.
Tiny Droplets for High-throughput Cell-based Assays
Authors: Baret J.-C. , Taly V. 
Published: October 2010

In order to perform a high number of assays on biological objects or chemical compounds which are sometimes impossible to obtain in large quantities, miniaturizing experiments has been the main issue. Standard technologies, such as microtiter plates have nearly reached the smallest sizes of samples they can handle. In order to miniaturize the assays, a further decrease in the size of the reactors in which reactions are performed is required. The use of small droplets provides new ways to miniaturize assays; moreover droplets are ideal for compartmentalizing biological objects or compounds. Droplets of equal sizes are produced in series and manipulated on demand providing quantitative and miniaturized versions of the microtiter plate assays and enables the parallelization of the assay.
In this chapter we will review droplet-based microfluidics: droplet production, flow, fusion, sorting, and detection. We will discuss how to design reactions in droplets and particularly how to maintain living cells in droplets and run biological reactions.
New Detection Methods for Single Cells
Authors: Fort Emmanuel 
Published: October 2010

The major factors that have limited the use of DNA microarrays in research and diagnostics are the amount of target needed, the detection specificity, as well as the cost and reliability of detection equipment and assays. While the current gold standard for detection is fluorescence technology, the emphasis on more efficient and sensitive instrumentation has spurred the development of a number of new labeling and detection methodologies. Recent reports have demonstrated that alternative techniques like semiconductor or metal nanoparticle labels or electrochemical detection techniques could eliminate the need for target amplification steps such as PCR. Besides, the improvements in labeling technology enabled multiplexing by increasing the number of detectable colour channels and direct tracking of gene expression inside living cells.
This chapter is devoted to the latest developments in terms of hybridization techniques and read-out technologies that are promising for enhanced detection and quantification of specific gene sequences. These techniques are widely used in two emerging trends: the bio-barcode strategy and live-cell imaging.
Influence of surface topography and chemical structure on wettability of electrodeposited ZnO thin films
Authors: Patra S. , Sarkar S. , Bera S. K. , Paul G. K. , Ghosh R. 
Published: October 2010

The wettability of electrodeposited zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films has been rationally controlled by individually engineering surface topography and surface chemical structure. We have studied the wettability of hydrophobic ZnO thin films that were rendered ultrahydrophobic by coating with low surface-energy self-assembled monolayer of octadecyltrichlorosilane and also hydrophilized by annealing at elevated temperature in air ambient. The as deposited ZnO film was hydrophobic with contact angle of around 105°±3° against water, while the annealed films were distinctly hydrophilic. The silanized films were ultrahydrophobic with a contact angle of 143°±3°. The films could be successfully tailored to obtain hydrophilic, hydrophobic as well as ultrahydrophobic behavior. It is likely that similar tunable wetting behavior may be observed in other oxide materials also.
At the request of the authors, this article is being retracted effective 1 August 2011.