bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary diversity and other predictors of low birth weight in Gurage Zone, Ethiopia: Prospective study
Authors: Geta Teshome Gensa , Gebremedhin Samson , Abdiwali Saad Ahmed , Omigbodun Akinyinka O. 
Published: April 2024

Background
Low birth weight (LBW) is a major public health problem in Ethiopia. Dietary diversity is a key indicator of maternal dietary adequacy that may affect birth weight but little is known about their relationship. Hence, this study aimed to assess the association of suboptimal maternal dietary diversity during pregnancy and low birth weight in Gurage Zone, Ethiopia.

Methods
The prospective study was conducted among 1062 pregnant women enrolled consecutively in between 16 to 20 gestational weeks and followed until delivery. The baseline data were collected at recruitment and dietary diversity was assessed using the minimum dietary diversity score for women (MDD-W) tool in three different rounds. The average of three scores was considered to categorize women into optimal (consumed ≥ 5 food groups) and suboptimal (consumed < 5 food groups) dietary diversity groups. The risk of low birth weight among suboptimal dietary diversity was assessed using modified Poisson regression with robust standard error.

Results
Of the 1062 pregnant women recruited, 959 (90.4%) women completed follow-up. Among them, 302 (31.5%) women are having optimal and the rest, 657 (68.5%) women are having suboptimal dietary diversity. The risk of low birth weight was significantly higher among women with sub-optimal dietary diversity than among those with optimal diversity (ARR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.25, 2.84). Other factors such as rural residence (ARR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.43, 1.87), age > = 35 years (AAR = 3.94, 95% CI: 2.41, 6.46), being underweight (ARR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.14, 2.86), height < 150cm (ARR = 4.65, 95% CI: 2.52, 8.59), unwanted pregnancy (ARR = 3.35, 95% CI: 2.23, 5.02), preterm delivery (3.65, 95% CI: 2.27, 5.84) and lack of nutritional counseling (ARR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.08, 2.67) significantly increased the risk of low birth weight.

Conclusion
Suboptimal dietary diversity associated low birth weight. Promoting dietary diversity by strengthening nutritional education and avoiding unwanted pregnancy particularly among rural residents may help to reduce the incidence of low birth weight.
Effect of low-intensity focused ultrasound therapy on postpartum uterine involution in puerperal women: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wei Dongmei , Wang Zhijian , Yue Jun , Chen Yueyue , Meng Jian , Niu Xiaoyu 
Published: April 2024

Background
Short-term poor uterine involution manifests as uterine contraction weakness. This is one of the important causes of postpartum hemorrhage, posing a serious threat to the mother’s life and safety. The study aims to investigate whether low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFUS) can effectively shorten lochia duration, alleviate postpartum complications, and accelerate uterine involution compared with the sham treatment.

Methods
A multicenter, concealed, randomized, blinded, and sham-controlled clinical trial was conducted across three medical centers involving 176 subjects, utilizing a parallel group design. Enrollment occurred between October 2019 and September 2020, with a 42-day follow-up period. Participants meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria based on normal prenatal examinations were randomly divided into the LIFUS group or the sham operation group via computer-generated randomization. Patients in the LIFUS group received usual care with the LIFUS protocol, wherein a LIFUS signal was transmitted to the uterine site through coupling gel, or sham treatment, where no low-intensity ultrasound signal output was emitted. The primary outcome, lochia duration, was assessed via weekly telephonic follow-ups post-discharge. The involution of the uterus, measured by uterine fundus height, served as the secondary outcome.

Results
Among the 256 subjects screened for eligibility, 176 subjects were enrolled and randomly assigned to either the LIFUS group (n = 88) or the Sham group (n = 88). Data on the height of the uterine fundus were obtained from all the patients, with 696 out of 704 measurements (99%) successfully recorded. Overall, a statistically significant difference was noted in time to lochia termination (hazard ratio: 2.65; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.82–3.85; P < 0.001). The decline in fundal height exhibited notable discrepancies between the two groups following the second treatment session (mean difference: −1.74; 95% CI: −1.23 to −2.25; P < 0.001) and the third treatment session (mean difference: −3.26; 95% CI: −2.74 to −3.78; P < 0.001) after delivery. None of the subjects had any adverse reactions, such as skin damage or allergies during the treatment.

Conclusions
This study found that LIFUS treatment can promote uterine involution and abbreviate the duration of postpartum lochia. Ultrasound emerges as a safe and effective intervention, poised to address further clinical inquiries in the domain of postpartum rehabilitation.
Epigenetics of conotruncal congenital heart disease: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Aburawi Elhadi H. , Östlundh Linda , Aburawi Hanan E. , Al Rifai Rami H. , Bhagavathula Akshaya , Bellou Abdelouahab 
Published: April 2024

Background
Conotruncal congenital heart defects (CTD) are a subset of congenital heart diseases (CHD) that involve structural anomalies of the right, left, or both cardiac outflow tracts. CHD is caused by multifactorial inheritance and changes in the genes or chromosomes. Recently, CHD was found to be due to epigenetic alterations, which are a combination of genetic and other environmental factors. Epigenetics is the study of how a gene’s function changes as a result of environmental and behavioral influences. These causative factors can indirectly cause CHD by altering the DNA through epigenetic modifications. This is a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis that aims to explore whether the strength of association between various epigenetic changes and CTD types varies by race. Furthermore, to determine and compare the changes in gene expression of each mutation.

Methods
Our protocol follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocol (PRISMA-P) guidelines. A comprehensive pre-search has been developed in PubMed and PubMed’s Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). The final search will be performed in June 2023 in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CIANHL, and PsycInfo, without restrictions on publication years. The Covidence systematic review software will be used for blinded screening and selection. Conflicts will be resolved by a third, independent reviewer. The risk of bias in selected studies will be assessed using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. The data to be extracted will cover basic information on the included studies, study sample size, number of patients with various types of epigenetic changes, number of patients with various CTD types, measures of association and their 95% confidence interval between each epigenetic change and each CTD. The protocol has been registered with the International Prospero Register of Systematic Review (PROSPERO) [CRD42023377597].

Discussion
To the best of our knowledge, this protocol outlines the first systematic review and meta-analysis of the epigenetics of CTD. There is a growing body of evidence on epigenetics and its indirect involvement in disease by altering the DNA through epigenetic modifications in the genes associated with the causative factors for CHD. We will conduct a comprehensive and systematic search for literature in the above-mentioned seven core biomedical databases. It is very important to identify population-specific risk factors for CHD, which will have significant creative, custom-made, and effective prevention programs for the future generation.
Solvent Extraction of Silver(I) using N,N-Diethylacetamido Substituted p-t-Octylcalix[4]arene in Nitrate Media
Authors: Kim Jee Young 
Published: April 2024

Solvent extraction of silver ions using tetrakis(N,N-diethylaminocarbonylmethoxy)-p-t-octylcalix[4]arene (EATOC) in chloroform from nitrate medium is presented. The influences on the extraction conditions affecting the behaviour of extraction depending upon the factors such as concentrations of acids, extractants and silver ions as well as extraction time were investigated. Various stripping reagents for back extraction to recover the loaded silver ions by forward extraction process were applied. The extraction mechanism of silver ions using EATOC was established on the 1H NMR chemical shift of the extractant as well as the slope assessments of extraction conditions both before and after loading the silver ions.
A “Creating God” Experience of Chinese Film Industry and Aesthetics: Conversation with Wuershan, Director of Creation of the Gods I: Kingdom of Storms
Authors: Chen Xuguang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Wuershan is a well-known Chinese film director, screenwriter, and producer, who is known for his directorial blockbusters The Butcher, the Chef, and the Swordman (Daojianxiao, 2011); Painted Skin: The Resurrection (HuapiⅡ, 2012); Mojin: The Lost Legend (Guichuideng Zhi Xunlongjue, 2015); and Creation of the Gods Ⅰ: Kingdom of Storms (Feng shen: zhao ge feng yun, 2023). This interview was conducted between Wuershan and Xuguang Chen on October 12th, 2023 in Wuershan’s Director Studio, Beijing. In this in-depth interview, they focused on the experience of the Chinese film industry and the aesthetics of Creation of the Gods Ⅰ: Kingdom of Storms. First, they discussed industrialized operations of filmmaking in terms of film creativity, screenwriting, production, and casting. Second, they emphasized the classical aesthetic elements involved in the movie, including selection criteria and their creative transformation, and the inheritance and innovation of traditional values. They also analyzed the characters and stories of the movie in the third part, which are derived from Chinese historical texts, and rewritten to meet the requirements of both a mythological movie framework and the contemporary times. And then they explored the role of technology in cinema, the place of authorship within the system, and the consumption of imaginative films. In the end, they discussed the issue of cross-media operations and the international communication of Chinese films.
Microsporogénesis y ultraestructura de granos de polen de la mora andina Rubus glaucus (Rosaceae)
Authors: Rincón-Barón Edgar Javier , Torres-Rodríguez Gerardo Andrés , Zarate Diego A. , Cuarán Viviana Lucia , Santos-Heredia Carolina , Passarelli Lilian M. 
Published: April 2024

Introducción: Los estudios sobre la microsporogénesis de Rubus glaucus son inexistentes y poco es conocido sobre la ultraestructura del polen. Objetivos: Describir la microsporogénesis, y la ultraestructura de los granos de polen en Rubus glaucus. Métodos: Flores en diferentes etapas de desarrollo fueron incluidas en parafina o en resina. Las secciones se tiñeron con Safranin-Alcian Blue, PAS-Amidoblack y Lacmoid o incluidas en resina y teñidas con Azul de Toluidina. Secciones ultrafinas fueron observadas mediante microscopía electrónica de transmisión (MET). Para la observación con microscopía electrónica de barrido (MEB), el material se fijó y se deshidrató en 2.2 dimetoxipropano, luego se usó hexametildisilazano (HMDS) y las muestras se recubrieron con oro. Resultados: Las anteras se diferencian a partir de una masa celular en los extremos distales de los filamentos estaminales. Inicialmente, la pared de las anteras presenta varias capas celulares y al madurar se reducen a la epidermis y al endotecio. Los microsporocitos experimentan meiosis simultánea y forman tétradas tetraédricas. El tapete desarrolla actividad secretora hasta que se liberan los granos de polen, luego el contenido celular se desorganiza y experimenta autólisis. Al formarse la esporodermis, primero se deposita la exina y luego la intina en forma centrípeta. Los granos de polen son tricolporados, isopolares, oblados a peroblados, con simetría radial, de contorno circular con ápices romos en vista polar, elipsoidales en vista ecuatorial. La exina es gruesa, tectada, perforada estriada. La ectexina está formada por un tectum interrumpido por perforaciones y gruesas columelas. La membrana del colpo posee pequeños gránulos como restos de exina y orbículas en la superficie. La intina desarrolla patrones estructurales conocidos. El polenkit es inconspicuo. Conclusión: El desarrollo de las anteras sigue los patrones de las angiospermas. La microsporogénesis simultánea, el depósito centrípeto de la esporodermis, y los patrones de ornamentación observados han sido descritos previamente para la Familia Rosaceae.
Spatial and temporal dynamics of the primate community in a regenerating forest of the Manu Biosphere Reserve, Peru
Authors: Mendoza-Soto Jackeline Aida , Colan-Rodriguez Renato Walter , Reyes-Lizarraga Gladys Milagros , Amaru-Castelo Javier , Marquina-Montesinos Edgar Luis , Oakley Joseph 
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Amazonian forests with varying degrees of anthropogenic disturbance in the process of natural regeneration harbour many sympatric primate species. However, studies on their usage by primates are still lacking. Objective: To comprehensively study the spatial and temporal dynamics within the primate community in a regenerating forest within the Manu Biosphere Reserve. Methods: Two sets of historical data from Crees Foundation for Manu were analyzed, comprising records from January 2011 to February 2023 and corresponding to data obtained through incidental data and Terrestrial In-line Transects in three types of forest with different degrees of historical disturbance. Results: Lagothrix lagothricha and Ateles chamek showed a preference for less disturbed forests; Plecturocebus toppini, for more disturbed forests; and the other species did not show a clear preference. Regarding vertical stratification, A. chamek, L. lagothricha and Alouatta sara showed a preference for the upper stratum, P. toppini, Saimiri boliviensis and Sapajus macrocephalus showed a preference for the middle and upper strata and Leontocebus weddelli and Aotus nigriceps, for the middle stratum. According to the temporal activity of each species, seven species (A. chamek, S. macrocephalus, S. boliviensis, P. toppini, L. lagothricha, L. weddelli, and A. sara) were observed during the day, four were similar. Conclusions: The primate community varies according to disturbance gradient due to the preferences of some species. The recorded primates make a differentiated use of the vertical strata and most of them show diurnal activity.
Gaze and tactile sense
Authors: Prochnow Romy Regina , Eilertsen Lill-Johanne 
Published: April 2024

Background: Visual and hearing impairments are common co-morbid conditions for Down syndrome (DS). Combined sensory loss can present major communication challenges, which affect the opportunities for equal participation, learning, and development. This article focuses on facilitating social interaction. Method: The study uses conversation analysis based on video recordings of naturally occurring interaction during various activities in school. The sample consists of five children with DS and combined sensory loss and their teachers. Results: The results indicate that the pupils use gaze and vision actively in interaction with adults and respond actively to the other's communicative use of gaze. Gaze is an important resource for the pupils and is strategically used to regulate, orient, and establish attention, but also to express interest and intention. Discussion/conclusion: Despite the pupils’ visual impairment, eye contact plays an important role in their communication. To optimize meaning-making and communicative participation, it is important to have knowledge of the individual child's specific sensory and communication challenges as they occur in social interaction. This will increase the opportunity to uncover pupils’ communicative strategies, resources, and tactile preferences, which in turn are prerequisites for the facilitation of participation, learning, and development.
Impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on the South African water sector
Authors: Nikki Funke  , Audrey de Wet  , Ayanda Mafunda  , Lisa Schaefer  , Wouter le Roux  
Published: April 2024

An analysis of the impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on the South African water sector is presented. The study identified and focused on three main themes: water revenue collection, water service delivery, and water sector operations. The Covid-19 pandemic negatively impacted these aspects and exacerbated pre-existing problems in the water provision landscape of South Africa. Business continuity management was identified as a top priority for water sector institutions in South Africa to ensure the continued provision of critical water services. In-depth case study research is recommended to establish how water sector institutions in South Africa dealt with the Covid-19 pandemic and how this can inform their disaster preparedness and management going forward.
Aquatic macroinvertebrate community colonisation and succession in macadamia orchard and communal area reservoirs: a case study of Luvuvhu River valley, South Africa
Authors: Thendo Mutshekwa  , Lutendo Mugwedi  , Ryan J Wasserman  , Farai Dondofema  , Ross Cuthbert  , Tatenda Dalu  
Published: April 2024

The demand for macadamia nut production worldwide has led to increased use of pesticides and chemicals for pest and disease control. Reservoirs in these macadamia farming sectors are at . The current study investigated macroinvertebrate colonisation and succession associated with two macadamia orchards and two communal area reservoirs. The potential effects of stressors from these land uses was tested for and compared using stone substrates over a 6-week period. Stone substrates from both reservoir types were abundantly colonised over time and the total macroinvertebrate taxa and abundance showed an increasing trend across the sampled weeks, with macadamia orchards having the highest number of macroinvertebrate taxa. Strong ecological succession was observed across reservoirs, with the initial succession of early colonisers – i.e., Chironominae (, Ostracoda (and Anax sp. (predator) within communal area reservoirs, and Chironominae, Ostracoda Radix natalensis (scrapers) in macadamia orchard reservoirs – followed by predatory colonisers such as Gyrinidae larvae, Trithemis sp. (macadamia orchard reservoirs), and Ranatra sp. (communal area reservoirs). Macroinvertebrate community structure differed significantly across sites and weeks, with no similarity being observed for communities across the different reservoirs. Redundancy analyses further highlighted 11 sediment chemistry variables (i.e., pH, resistivity, P, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Cu, B, Fe and S) which were significantly related to macroinvertebrate community structure. Thus, sediment variables were found to be better predictors of macroinvertebrate community structure in macadamia orchard reservoirs than communal area reservoirs. Consequently, we concluded that differences in colonisation ability among taxa and environmental stressors were important factors driving succession. These results add to the understanding of the macroinvertebrate colonisation processes and environmental stressors within agricultural landscapes, which can aid in the development of conservation management of freshwater ecosystems.
The Effects of Fatigue on Landing Performance in Young Female Soccer Players
Authors: Sannicandro Italo , Esposito Giovanni , D’Onofrio Rosario , Cofano Giacomo 
Published: April 2024

Objectives. Jumping and landing constitute two movements that are used with a very high frequency in all sports and are two skills that have received a lot of attention in the literature because of their relationship with injury risk. The aim of this study is to analyze the following aspects: (a) to determine whether fatigue negatively affects landing technique after a jump, and (b) to test whether different metabolic and neuromuscular exercises have an effect on the landing technique.
Materials and methods. The sample is composed of young female soccer players Under 14 (n = 29, 13.06 ± 1.27 years, 47.8 ± 2.6 kg; 143.2 ± 3.4 cm). Before and after two training protocols aimed at determining the state of fatigue (functional agility short-term fatigue protocol, and RSA protocol), landing technique was assessed using the Landing ErrorScoring System (LESS).
Results. The LESS assessment for the pre-fatigue and post-functional agility short-term fatigue protocol conditions showed a value of 6.78 ± 0.81 and 8.74 ± 0.77 respectively (p > 0.001, ES: 1.39). The LESS assessment for the post-RSA protocol condition was 8.52 ± 0.87; this score was statistically significantly higher than the pre-fatigue condition (p > 0.001, ES: 1.24).
Conclusions. Intensive exercise, both neuromuscular and metabolic, appears to have an effect on the landing technique of young female soccer players.
Post operative pancreatic fistula associated with failure to rescue on pancreatic cancer undergoing pancreatic resection: a single centre experience
Authors: Ida Bagus Budhi , Bagus Metria Ida , Soewoto Widyanti , Hanis Setyono  , Wibisono  , Yarso Kristanto Yuli 
Published: April 2024

Pancreatic resection was known as the gold standard treatment for resectable pancreatic cancer. Post operative pancreatic fistula was common following pancreatic resection for tumor of the pancreas (head, body or tail of the pancreas). According to the Clavien-Dindo classification, the presence of the pancreatic fistula after resection was associated with increased rate of morbidity and mortality for the patients. We would evaluate cases of resectable pancreatic cancer (head and tail of the pancreas) undergoing open pancreatic resection in our centre (low volume centre). Post operative pancreatic fistula were evaluated by abdominal CT scanning and increased amylase level from intra peritoneal drain. The patients whose cannot survive after pancreatic resection were classified as failure to rescue. The presence of cardio-pulmonary morbidity was excluded from this study. Six cases were recorded in this study, 4 cases were head pancreatic cancer and 2 cases was tail pancreatic cancer. The histopathology results were acinar cell pancreatic cancer. Post operative pancreatic fistula was found on 1 case of head pancreatic cancer, classified as Clavien-Dindo grade IV, relaparotomy was done. This patient had sepsis associated post operative pancreatic fistula and can not survive during evaluation (on 14th post operative days). For the rest of the patients, there were no pancreatic fistula and had good outcome with no post operative morbidity. The presence of uncontrolled post operative pancreatic fistula was associated with failure to rescue on pancreatic cancer undergoing resection.