bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accurate detection of subsurface microcavity by bimodal atomic force microscopy
Authors: Lou Pengtao , Bi Zhuanfang , Shang Guangyi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Subsurface detection capability of bimodal atomic force microscopy (AFM) was investigated using the buried microcavity as a reference sample, prepared by partially covering a piece of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) flake with different thickness on a piece of a cleaned CD-R disk substrate. This capability can be manifested as the image contrast between the locations with and without the buried microcavities. The theoretical and experimental results demonstrated that the image contrast is significantly affected by the critical parameters, including the second eigenmode amplitude and frequency as well as local structural and mechanical properties of the sample itself. Specifically, improper parameter settings generally lead to incorrect identification of the buried microcavity due to the contrast reduction, contrast reversal and even disappearance. For accurate detection, the second eigenmode amplitude should be as small as possible on the premise of satisfying the signal-to-noise ratio and second eigenmode frequency should be close to the resonance frequency of the cantilever. In addition, the detectable depth is closely related to microcavity dimension (thickness and width) of the HOPG flake and local stiffness of the sample. These results would be helpful for further understanding of the detection mechanism of bimodal AFM and facilitating its application in nano-characterization of subsurface structures, such as the micro-/nano- channels to direct the flow of liquids in lab-on-a-chip devices.
Paired conditional generative adversarial network for highly accelerated liver 4D MRI
Authors: Xu Di , Miao Xin , Liu Hengjie , Scholey Jessica E , Yang Wensha , Feng Mary , Ohliger Michael , Lin Hui , Lao Yi , Yang Yang , Sheng Ke 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Purpose. 4D MRI with high spatiotemporal resolution is desired for image-guided liver radiotherapy. Acquiring densely sampling k-space data is time-consuming. Accelerated acquisition with sparse samples is desirable but often causes degraded image quality or long reconstruction time. We propose the Reconstruct Paired Conditional Generative Adversarial Network (Re-Con-GAN) to shorten the 4D MRI reconstruction time while maintaining the reconstruction quality. Methods. Patients who underwent free-breathing liver 4D MRI were included in the study. Fully- and retrospectively under-sampled data at 3, 6 and 10 times (3×, 6× and 10×) were first reconstructed using the nuFFT algorithm. Re-Con-GAN then trained input and output in pairs. Three types of networks, ResNet9, UNet and reconstruction swin transformer (RST), were explored as generators. PatchGAN was selected as the discriminator. Re-Con-GAN processed the data (3D + t) as temporal slices (2D + t). A total of 48 patients with 12 332 temporal slices were split into training (37 patients with 10 721 slices) and test (11 patients with 1611 slices). Compressed sensing (CS) reconstruction with spatiotemporal sparsity constraint was used as a benchmark. Reconstructed image quality was further evaluated with a liver gross tumor volume (GTV) localization task using Mask-RCNN trained from a separate 3D static liver MRI dataset (70 patients; 103 GTV contours). Results. Re-Con-GAN consistently achieved comparable/better PSNR, SSIM, and RMSE scores compared to CS/UNet models. The inference time of Re-Con-GAN, UNet and CS are 0.15, 0.16, and 120 s. The GTV detection task showed that Re-Con-GAN and CS, compared to UNet, better improved the dice score (3× Re-Con-GAN 80.98%; 3× CS 80.74%; 3× UNet 79.88%) of unprocessed under-sampled images (3× 69.61%). Conclusion. A generative network with adversarial training is proposed with promising and efficient reconstruction results demonstrated on an in-house dataset. The rapid and qualitative reconstruction of 4D liver MR has the potential to facilitate online adaptive MR-guided radiotherapy for liver cancer.
Enhanced classification of left ventricular hypertrophy in cardiac patients using extended Siamese CNN
Authors: Farhad Moomal , Masud Mohammad Mehedy , Beg Azam , Ahmad Amir , Memon Sehar 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is the thickening of the left ventricle wall of the heart. The objective of this study is to develop a novel approach for the accurate assessment of LVH) severity, addressing the limitations of traditional manual grading systems. Approach. We propose the Multi-purpose Siamese Weighted Euclidean Distance Model (MSWED), which utilizes convolutional Siamese neural networks and zero-shot/few-shot learning techniques. Unlike traditional methods, our model introduces a cutoff distance-based approach for zero-shot learning, enhancing accuracy. We also incorporate a weighted Euclidean distance targeting informative regions within echocardiograms. Main results. We collected comprehensive datasets labeled by experienced echocardiographers, including Normal heart and various levels of LVH severity. Our model outperforms existing techniques, demonstrating significant precision enhancement, with improvements of up to 13% for zero-shot and few-shot learning approaches. Significance. Accurate assessment of LVH severity is crucial for clinical prognosis and treatment decisions. Our proposed MSWED model offers a more reliable and efficient solution compared to traditional grading systems, reducing subjectivity and errors while providing enhanced precision in severity classification.
An examination of acute physiological and perceptual responses following blood flow restriction exercise using a traditional research device or novel, automated system
Authors: Moreno Enrique N , Figueroa Elias C , Heath Andrew W , Buckner Samuel L 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective. To compare the acute physiological and perceptual responses to blood flow restriction (BFR) exercise using a traditional research device or novel, automated system. Methods. Forty-four resistance trained individuals performed four sets of unilateral elbow flexion exercise (30% one-repetition maximum) to volitional failure using two distinct restrictive devices [SmartCuffs PRO BFR Model (SMARTCUFF), Hokanson E20 Rapid Inflation device (HOKANSON)] and with two levels of BFR [40% limb occlusion pressure (LOP), 80% LOP]. Blood pressure (BP), muscle thickness (MT), and isometric strength (ISO) were assessed prior to and following exercise. Perceptual responses [ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), discomfort] were assessed prior to exercise and following each exercise set. Main results. Data are displayed as means (SD). Immediately following exercise with 40% LOP, there were no statistical differences between devices for BP, MT, and ISO. However, only following Set 1 of exercise, RPE was greater with SMARTCUFF compared to HOKANSON (p < 0.05). In addition, only following Set 2 of exercise, discomfort was greater with HOKANSON compared to SMARTCUFF (p < 0.001). Immediately following exercise with 80% LOP, there were no statistical differences between devices for BP, MT, and ISO. However, only following Set 4 of exercise, RPE was greater with HOKANSON compared to SMARTCUFF (p < 0.05). In addition, following all exercise sets, discomfort was greater with HOKANSON compared to SMARTCUFF (p < 0.001). For repetitions completed with 40% LOP there were no statistical differences between SMARTCUFF and HOKANSON across any exercise sets. For repetitions completed with 80% LOP there were no statistical differences between SMARTCUFF and HOKANSON across Set 1 of exercise (p = 0.34), however, for Sets 2–4 of exercise, significantly greater number of repetitions were completed during SMARTCUFF than HOKANSON. Significance. The present study provides valuable insight into the efficacy of a novel, automated BFR system (SMARTCUFF) eliciting comparable acute physiological responses to BFR exercise and in some cases favorable perceptual responses when compared to a traditional research device (HOKANSON).
Interface trap-induced radiofrequency and low-frequency noise analysis under temperature variation of a heterostacked source L-gate tunnel field effect transistor
Authors: Das Debika , Chakraborty Ujjal , Borah Pranjal 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This work offers a comprehensive analysis of the adverse impact of interface trap charge (ITC) under the influence of temperature variation on a heterostacked (HS) source L-gate tunnel field effect transistor (TFET) having a SiGe pocket. An investigation of both static and radiofrequency (RF) characteristics has been carried out. It appears that ITCs situated at the Si–oxide interface fluctuate the flat-band voltage to alter the various analog/RF parameter characteristics. Uniform ITCs are seen to be less susceptible to degradation in device characteristics. Low-frequency noise (LFN) analysis has also been carried out considering the impact of different trap distributions (uniform and Gaussian) and densities, which are compared. The temperature dependence of LFN has been studied under the influence of different distributed ITCs, and this has rarely been explored. Moreover, a comparative analysis has been made of the device behavior and LFN characteristics of HS L-gate TFET structures with and without a SiGe pocket. Structures with SiGe pockets were found not to be susceptible to noise effects.
High strength induced wide band gap formations in additively manufactured cubic metamaterial
Authors: Guo J C , Li J R , Wang H Y , Dong Z Y , Zhang Z 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Strength and band gap are the two basic physical features of the cubic metamaterial. How to design band gap characteristics with high strength of structure is the key for the further industrial application in vibration control of the cubic metamaterial. Here a cubic metamaterial is designed by optimal selection of crystal orientation angle to obtain wide band gaps with high strength. The prototype samples were fabricated using advanced additive manufacturing technology to tensile-pressure experiments and sine frequency sweep experiment, thereby demonstrating the validity of the obtained results. Results indicated that the normalized bandwidth of simple cubic (SC) metamaterials is 0.47 and the ultimate strength is 25.99 MPa. The normalized bandwidth is increased by 3.1 times and 47 times higher than that of the metamaterials of face-centered cubic (FCC) and body-centered cubic (BCC). Its ultimate strength is increased by 3.5 times and 6.7 times. The static simulation results revealed that the maximum mises stress values of SC, FCC, and BCC metamaterials were 1.71, 10.49, and 31.40 MPa respectively. The attenuation amplitude of the elastic wave measured by experiment is 80 dB, which is consistent with the simulation results. The bandwidths of cubic metamaterials exhibit a positive correlation with their strength. The variation in crystal orientation angles plays a crucial role in elucidating the underlying mechanism behind the positive correlation between the strength and the band gap. The further buckling analysis of SC metamaterial with high strength and wide bandgap characteristics reveals that the negative Poisson’s ratio structure experiences a reduction in bandwidth and strength as buckling deformation intensifies.
Improving the performance of magnetorheological elastomer-based adaptive isolator through integrated compression-torsion structure
Authors: Gao Wei , Lu Junyan , Han Wenheng , Chen Guolong , Wang Xingzhe 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this paper, a novel magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) isolator with a compression-torsion structure was developed to address existing challenges related to stiffness variation, damping force, and magnetic control range. Through performance testing of the vibration isolator prototype and theoretical analysis based on traditional magnetic dipole model of the MRE, the effects of applied magnetic field and compression displacement on the performance of the designed MRE isolator were systematically evaluated. The results showed that integrating the compression-torsion structure not only enhances the magneto-induced mechanical performance of the MRE but also improves the overall performance of the entire MRE isolator. The output force of the MRE isolator with a compression-torsion structure generally surpasses than that of the MRE isolator lacking this feature. The isolator’s stiffness can vary by up to 119% compared to its initial stiffness when a 2 A current is applied at a compression displacement of 0.5 mm. The proposed design, combining the compression-torsion structure and the MRE isolator, offers new insights for future research and applications in the realm of MRE isolators.
Vector dark matter, inflation, and non-minimal couplings with gravity
Authors: Özsoy Ogan , Tasinato Gianmassimo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We propose a cosmological dark matter production mechanism in the form of a longitudinal
massive vector boson. We build upon the work [1] including non-minimal couplings
of the massive vector with gravity, developing a well motivated set-up from an effective field
theory perspective. We carefully track the dynamics of vector field in passing from inflation to
radiation dominated universe to show that the late time abundance of longitudinal modes —
excited initially by the quantum fluctuations during inflation — can provide the observed dark
matter abundance for sufficiently weak non-minimal coupling and wide range of vector masses 5
× 10-7 ≲ m [eV] ≲ 5 × 103. The final abundance of dark
matter depends on two parameter, the vector mass and its non-minimal coupling with gravity. We
discuss experimental venues to probe this framework, including the production of a stochastic
gravitational wave background. The latter is especially interesting, as the same mechanism that
generates dark matter can potentially lead to the production of gravitational waves in the LISA
frequency band, through the second-order effects of large dark matter iso-curvature perturbations
at small scales. We take a first step in this direction, identifying the potential information
that gravitational wave experiments can provide on the parameter space of dark matter within
this scenario.
LiteBIRD science goals and forecasts: improving sensitivity to inflationary gravitational waves with multitracer delensing
Authors: Namikawa T. , Lonappan A.I. , Baccigalupi C. , Bartolo N. , Beck D. , Benabed K. , Challinor A. , Diego-Palazuelos P. , Errard J. , Farrens S. , Gruppuso A. , Krachmalnicoff N. , Migliaccio M. , Martínez-González E. , Pettorino V. , Piccirilli G. , Ruiz-Granda M. , Sherwin B. , Starck J. , Vielva P. , Akizawa R. , Anand A. , Aumont J. , Aurlien R. , Azzoni S. , Ballardini M. , Banday A.J. , Barreiro R.B. , Bersanelli M. , Blinov D. , Bortolami M. , Brinckmann T. , Calabrese E. , Campeti P. , Carones A. , Carralot F. , Casas F.J. , Cheung K. , Clermont L. , Columbro F. , Conenna G. , Coppolecchia A. , Cuttaia F. , D'Alessandro G. , de Bernardis P. , de Haan T. , De Petris M. , Della Torre S. , Di Giorgi E. , Eriksen H.K. , Finelli F. , Franceschet C. , Fuskeland U. , Galloni G. , Galloway M. , Georges M. , Gerbino M. , Gervasi M. , Ghigna T. , Giardiello S. , Gimeno-Amo C. , Gjerløw E. , Hazumi M. , Henrot-Versillé S. , Hergt L.T. , Hivon E. , Kohri K. , Komatsu E. , Lamagna L. , Lattanzi M. , Leloup C. , Lembo M. , López-Caniego M. , Luzzi G. , Maffei B. , Masi S. , Massa M. , Matarrese S. , Matsumura T. , Micheli S. , Moggi A. , Monelli M. , Montier L. , Morgante G. , Mot B. , Mousset L. , Nagata R. , Natoli P. , Novelli A. , Obata I. , Occhiuzzi A. , Pagano L. , Paiella A. , Paoletti D. , Pascual-Cisneros G. , Pavlidou V. , Piacentini F. , Pinchera M. , Pisano G. , Polenta G. , Puglisi G. , Remazeilles M. , Ritacco A. , Rizzieri A. , Rubino-Martin J. , Sakurai Y. , Scott D. , Shiraishi M. , Signorelli G. , Stever S.L. , Takase Y. , Tanimura H. , Tartari A. , Tassis K. , Terenzi L. , Tristram M. , Vacher L. , van Tent B. , Wehus I.K. , Weymann-Despres G. , Zannoni M. , Zhou Y. ,   The LiteBIRD collaboration
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We estimate the efficiency of mitigating the lensing B-mode polarization, the so-called delensing, for the LiteBIRD experiment with multiple external data sets of lensing-mass tracers.
The current best bound on the tensor-to-scalar ratio, r, is limited by lensing rather than Galactic foregrounds.
Delensing will be a critical step to improve sensitivity to r as measurements of r become more and more limited by lensing.
In this paper, we extend the analysis of the recent LiteBIRD forecast paper to include multiple mass tracers, i.e., the CMB lensing maps from LiteBIRD and CMB-S4-like experiment, cosmic infrared background, and galaxy number density from Euclid- and LSST-like survey.
We find that multi-tracer delensing will further improve the constraint on r by about 20%. In LiteBIRD, the residual Galactic foregrounds also significantly contribute to uncertainties of the B-modes, and delensing becomes more important if the residual foregrounds are further reduced by an improved component separation method.
Model dependent analysis of
decays in beyond standard model
Authors: Mahata S. , Mandal M. , Mahapatra H. , Biswas S. , Sahoo S. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Motivated by the recent experimental results of branching fractions for

decays, which deviate from their SM predictions, we hve investigated these decays in

model and scalar leptoquark model to determine potential signatures of new physics (NP) in semileptonic charm decays induced by

transitions. Using recent experimental results of branching fractions for semileptonic

meson decays, new coupling parameters are predicted for the aforementioned NP models. Branching fraction, forward-backward asymmetry, and lepton polarization asymmetry are examined by considering the predicted NP coupling parameters. The results of branching fractions in scalar leptoquark model are found very close to the experimental results and exist around the range of

deviation. We presented a comparative study of the NP models to check their sensitivity on these decays. We anticipate that further research on these decays will significantly support our findings.
Exact minimal effective amounts of three 1D continuous functions and their use in Anderson transitions
Authors: Gong Longyan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A conceptual quantity—the minimal effective amount of a quantum state

ϕ
(

r
j

)

in d-dimensional systems, defined by

N

∗

=

∑

j
=
1

N

min
{
N

|

ϕ
(

r
j

)

|

2

,
1
}

, is newly proposed, where system sizes

N
=

L
d

. The effective dimension d

IR
can be calculated by

N

∗

=

h

∗

(
L
)

L

d

I
R

, where

h

∗

(
L
)

does not change faster than any nonzero power. However, the nature of

h

∗

(
L
)

is unknown priori in any given model, but is at the same time very important for its numerical analysis. Hence, analytical results can provide insights on

h

∗

(
L
)

in more complex situations. In this paper, we get exact results of 1D continuous sine functions, exponential decay functions and power-law decay functions. They are used to distinguish extended and localized phases in the 1D uniform potential model, Anderson model and HMP (hopping rates modulated by a power-law function) model.
A faster direct sampling algorithm for equilateral closed polygons and the probability of knotting
Authors: Cantarella Jason , Schumacher Henrik , Shonkwiler Clayton 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We present a faster direct sampling algorithm for random equilateral closed polygons in three-dimensional space. This method improves on the moment polytope sampling algorithm of Cantarella et al (2016 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor.
49 275202) and has (expected) time per sample quadratic in the number of edges in the polygon. We use our new sampling method and a new code for computing invariants based on the Alexander polynomial to investigate the probability of finding unknots among equilateral closed polygons.
Infiltration rate under the most dominant tree stands at the University Green Space: Swietenia macrophylla, Mimusops elengi, and Polyalthia longifolia
Authors: Anggraini N , Slamet B , Syahputra O K H , Keliat J M , Zaitunah A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Infiltration is crucial for determining how much rainfall enters the soil and how much becomes runoff. The Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU) Campus Medan is one of the green campuses with diverse tree species. The ability of tree stands on the USU Campus Medan to absorb water needs to be studied for flood mitigation. This study aims to analyze the infiltration rate under the most dominant tree stands at the University Green Space: Swietenia macrophylla (mahagony), Mimusops elengi (tanjung), and Polyalthia longifolia (glodokan tiang) using the Horton method. The infiltration measurement uses double ring infiltrometer. The infiltration data will process using Horton Method. The results show that the infiltration rate under mahogany and tanjung stands are included to medium infiltration. While the infiltration rate under glodokan tiang stand is included to fast infiltration. The correlation test on mahogany, tanjung, and glodokan tiang stands indicate a strong correlation between the actual infiltration rate with Horton’s infiltration rate and have a positive trend, so it can be concluded that Horton method can be used to estimate the infiltration rate in each stand.
Mitigation Control on Industrial Allotment Area Plan based on Tsunami Hazard Prone Zoning Area in Purworejo Regency, Central Java
Authors: Kusuma S H , Ratiningsih A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purworejo district has determined an industrial allotment area of 922,238 hectares along the south coast. Meanwhile, the coast of Purworejo Regency is part of the southern coast of Java Island and has the potential to be affected by tsunamis. Tsunami disaster events in the south of Java Island recorded run-up of up to 15,7 meters and recent research shows a potential run-up of 34 meters. The study aimed to identify tsunami hazard zones and directions of control based on modelling of inundation potential. The determination of the hazard zone was conducted through spatial classification analysis, while the direction of mitigation control was formulated by descriptive analysis. The high tsunami hazard zone in the 15,7 meters run-up scenario covers 0,33% of the industrial allotment area and the high tsunami hazard zone in the 20 meters run-up scenario covers 3,47% of the industrial allotment area so that the direction of mitigation included strengthening foundations and adapting buildings, providing disaster infrastructure, optimizing regional protection functions, and limiting building density. The high tsunami hazard zone in the 34 meters run-up scenario covers 99,12% of the industrial allotment area so that directional mitigation control is the displacement of the entire industrial allotment area.
Directing the Agropolitan Centers for Horticulture Crops in the Pekalongan District
Authors: Kusuma SH , Putri SK , Sianturi RS , Harun I 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Agropolitan development integrates agriculture with urban living in our evolving global landscape. The present study aims to identify the potential and challenges in agropolitan development and formulate strategies for establishing agropolitan centers. Focusing on the Pekalongan Regency in Indonesia, the Research offers recommendations for the raw material-producing villages and collection and processing sub-district. Key aspects include integrating infrastructure, technological and agricultural practices, and economic and social support to address issues and tap into the potential related to agropolitan development. This study emphasizes the importance of addressing challenges and taking advantage of opportunities to develop agropolitan centers in the Pekalongan Regency.