bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children's memories for events relating to treatment for eye cancer: Influence of age at loss of eye
Authors: Norgate Sarah H. , Littleton Karen S. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractTreatment for retinoblastoma frequently involves removal of at least one eye in the first 5 years. Variation in age of treatment leads to the assumption that children's later verbal accessibility of early traumatic memories may vary, with some children having less opportunity to make sense of their condition. Video recordings were made of 17 children who had undergone enucleation either before 24 months (n = 8) or after 24 months (n = 9) involved in “hospital play'' using props designed to elicit talk about “eyes.” The hypothesis that a larger number of verbalizations about medical procedures would occur in children enucleated after 24 months than before 24 months was supported. Children enucleated after 24 months engaged in significantly more talk about enucleation and/or examination under anesthetic whereas none of the children enucleated in infancy talked about these medical events. The outcome supports the view that there is a transition around 24 months in the extent to which children can have verbal access to previous traumatic memories. The design of interventions needs to take into account that children enucleated in infancy have less opportunity for later verbal access to early memories of traumatic events than those treated later, leading to possible misconceptions about their own condition.
Nervous system effects of dissolved and nanoparticulate cadmium in rats in subacute exposure
Authors: Horváth Edina , Oszlánczi Gábor , Máté Zsuzsanna , Szabó Andrea , Kozma Gábor , Sápi András , Kónya Zoltán , Paulik Edit , Nagymajtényi László , Papp András 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTCadmium, a toxic heavy metal with various applications in technology, can affect people both by environmental (foodborne) and occupational (inhalation) exposure and can cause nervous system damage. To model this, rats were subacutely treated either with CdCl2 solution per os (3.0 mg kg−1 b.w.) or nanoparticulate CdO2 (particle size ca 65 nm) by intratracheal instillation (0.04 mg kg−1 b.w.) alone or in sequential combination. Nervous system effects were observed at different levels of function (open field behavior, cortical electrical activity, nerve action potential) and some general toxicological indicators were also measured. Three weeks of oral plus one week of intratracheal exposure caused significant reduction of body weight gain and open field motility. Lengthening of latency of sensory evoked potentials, observed in all treated rats, was also the most significant in the group receiving oral plus intratracheal treatment. Conduction velocity of the tail nerve was likewise decreased in all treated groups. Several of the effects pointed to a potentiating interaction between the two forms of Cd. Modeling environmental and occupational Cd exposure by oral and intratracheal application in rats was feasible, with results suggesting serious negative health effects in humans suffering such a combined exposure.
Mechanical improvements to reinforced porous silk scaffolds
Authors: Gil Eun Seok , Kluge Jonathan A. , Rockwood Danielle N. , Rajkhowa Rangam , Wang Lijing , Wang Xungai , Kaplan David L. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractLoad‐bearing porous biodegradable scaffolds are required to engineer functional tissues such as bone. Mechanical improvements to porogen leached scaffolds prepared from silk proteins were systematically studied through the addition of silk particles in combination with silk solution concentration, exploiting interfacial compatibility between the two components. Solvent solutions of silk up to 32 w/v % were successfully prepared in hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) for the study. The mechanical properties of the reinforced silk scaffolds correlated to the material density and matched by a power law relationship, independent of the ratio of silk particles to matrix. These results were similar to the relationships previously shown for cancellous bone. From these data we conclude that the increased mechanical properties were due to a densification effect and not due to the inclusion of stiffer silk particles into the softer silk matrix. A continuous interface between the silk matrix and the silk particles, as well as homogeneous distribution of the silk particles within the matrix was observed. Furthermore, we note that the roughness of the pore walls was controllable by varying the ratio of the particles matrix, providing a route to control topography. The rate of proteolytic hydrolysis of the scaffolds decreased with increase in mass of silk used in the matrix and with increasing silk particle content. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 99A: 16–28, 2011.
Density functional study of neutral and anionic AlOn and ScOn with high oxygen content
Authors: Gutsev G. L. , Weatherford C. A. , Pradhan K. , Jena P. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe electronic and geometrical structures of neutral and negatively charged AlO5, AlO6, AlO7, AlO8, AlO9, AlO10, AlO11, AlO12, AlO15, AlO16, and AlO18 along with the corresponding series of ScOn and ScO oxides were investigated using density functional theory with generalized gradient approximation. We found that these species possess geometrically stable isomers for all values of n = 5–12, 15, 16, 18 and are thermodynamically stable for n = 5–7. The species with n = 16 are found to be octa‐dioxides M(η1‐O2)8 while the species with n = 15 and 18 are penta‐ozonides (η2‐O3)M(η1‐O3)4 and hexa‐ozonides M(η1‐O3)6, respectively. Geometrical configurations of a number of the lowest total energy states of Al and Sc oxides are different. Especially, drastic differences are found for the anion AlO and ScO pairs at n = 9, 10, and 11. The ScO bonds are longer than the AlO bonds by ≈0.2 Å, which, in turn, slightly affects the corresponding interoxygen bond lengths. The charges on metal atoms are close to +2e in both Al series and to +1.5e in both Sc series. As an extra electron is delocalized over ligands in the presence of a large positive charge on the metal atom of the anions, the electron affinity (EA) of the neutrals along with the ionization energies of the anions are large and exceed the EAs of the halogen atoms in a number of cases. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 2011
Establishing a culture of perinatal safety in a community hospital
Authors: Phelan Jeffrey P. , Korst Lisa M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWhile unsafe behavior of frontline hospital staff, primarily physicians and nurses, is sometimes the proximal cause of adverse events, the critical importance of system‐wide, hospital organizational factors is now being acknowledged(1,2). These organizational factors create the “safety culture” that influences the occurrence of these proximal failures.(3) The concept of safety culture originated in high‐reliability organization theory, which was largely developed by a group of social scientists at the University of California at Berkeley who studied high‐risk organizations that have achieved very low accident and error rates, for example, aircraft carrier flight decks, nuclear power plants and air‐traffic control systems.(4–6) Safety culture refers to the enduring and shared beliefs and practices of organization members regarding the organization's willingness to detect and learn from errors.(7)
Ethics, risk, and patient‐centered care: How collaboration between clinical ethicists and risk management leads to respectful patient care
Authors: Sine David M. , Sharpe Virginia A. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPatient‐centered care is driven in part by the ethical principle of autonomy and considers patients' cultural traditions, personal preferences, values, family situations, and lifestyles. Patient decision‐making capacity, surrogate decision making with or in the absence of a patient's advance directive, and the right to refuse treatment are three patient‐care issues that are central to the work done by both the risk manager and the clinical ethicist that have strong relevance to patient‐centered care. This article discusses these three issues briefly and offers two challenging case studies involving patient‐centered care that illustrate how a clinical ethics consultation may help to avert the escalation that can lead to a tort claim.
Improving conflicting specifications of time‐modulated antenna arrays by using a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm
Authors: Chen Yikai , Yang Shiwen , Nie Zaiping 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYBy using the time modulation technique in antenna arrays, the stringent requirements on excitation error tolerance can be relaxed. However, the sideband signals spaced at multiples of the modulation frequency need to be suppressed in some applications. Multiobjective optimization is an important tool in the design of arrays with conflicting goals, such as low sidelobe level, low sideband level, and narrow beamwidth in the time‐modulated antenna arrays. In this paper, a novel multiobjective evolutionary algorithm based on objective decomposition (MOEA/D) with differential evolution operator and objective normalization technique is employed for the time‐modulated array synthesis, which is typically a problem with disparately scaled conflicting objectives. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated by comparing the performances obtained by MOEA/D with those of previously reported results obtained by a single‐objective differential evolution algorithm and simulated annealing technique. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Migration and remyelination by oligodendrocyte progenitor cells transplanted adjacent to focal areas of spinal cord inflammation
Authors: Wang Yanping , Piao Jing‐Hua , Larsen Eric C. , Kondo Yoichi , Duncan Ian D. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Exogenous cell replacement in MS lesions has been proposed as a means of achieving remyelination when endogenous remyelination has failed. However, the ability of exogenous cells to remyelinate axons in the presence of inflammation remains uncertain. We have explored the remyelinating capacity of an oligodendrocyte progenitor cell line CG‐4 transduced with the GFP gene and transplanted adjacent to a zymosan‐induced focal demyelination model in the rat spinal cord. The resulting zymosan‐induced lesions were characterized by persistent macrophage/microglia activation, focal demyelination, degeneration of axons, and reactive astrogliosis. GFP+ CG‐4 cells were found to migrate preferentially toward the inflammatory lesion and survive inside the lesion. A proportion of GFP+ CG‐4 cells differentiated into mature oligodendrocytes and remyelinated axons within the lesion. These findings suggest that grafted oligodendrocyte progenitors may migrate toward areas of inflammation in the adult rat spinal cord, where they can survive and differentiate into myelinating oligodendrocytes. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A six‐step approach to developing future synoptic classifications based on GCM output
Authors: Lee Cameron C. , Sheridan Scott C. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractOne way in which global climate model (GCM) output can be utilized to infer local impacts is through the use of synoptic climatology: creating a set of atmospheric patterns that capture the variability in the climate system, and then analyzing trends and variability in the frequency of these patterns moving into the future. In this paper, we demonstrate a new synoptic climatological technique for classifying atmospheric patterns that can be used in conjunction with GCM output data (in this case, the Community Climate System Model 3). We apply this method to 850‐hPa temperature patterns over the contiguous United States to derive daily categorizations. A total of 15 clusters are created from the data set; once the mean GCM bias is removed, historical cluster frequencies in the GCM data set are not statistically different from those of the reanalysis data set. In the future, significant changes in frequency are observed across most of the transition season clusters, as they broaden in seasonality at the expense of winter clusters, some of which nearly entirely disappear. Changes are greater moving further into the future, and greater for the more carbon‐intensive special report on emissions scenarios (SRES) scenarios (A1FI, A2) than the less‐intensive scenario tested (B1). Diagnostics test how well the mean patterns of the reanalysis data set, GCM historical data set and the future GCM data sets resemble each other. For some clusters, mean bias between the historical and future data sets grows substantially by the end of the 21st century under the more carbon‐intensive scenarios. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Alkenones and coccoliths in ice‐rafted debris during the Last Glacial Maximum in the North Atlantic: implications for the use of UK37′ as a sea surface temperature proxy
Authors: Rosell‐Melé A. , Balestra B. , Kornilova O. , Mcclymont E. L. , Russell M. , Monechi S. , Troelstra S. , Ziveri P. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe UK37′ index has proven to be a robust proxy to estimate past sea surface temperatures (SSTs) over a range of time scales, but like any other proxy, it has uncertainties. For instance, in reconstructions of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in the northern North Atlantic, UK37′ indicates higher temperatures than those derived from foraminiferal proxies. Here we evaluate whether such warm glacial estimates are caused by the advection of reworked alkenones in ice‐rafted debris (IRD) to deep‐sea sediments. We have quantified both coccolith assemblages and alkenones in sediments from glaciogenic debris flows in the continental margins of the northern North Atlantic, and from a deep‐sea core from the Reykjanes Ridge. Certain debris flow deposits in the North Atlantic were generated by the presence of massive ice‐sheets in the past, and their associated ice streams. Such deposits are composed of the same materials that were present in the IRD at the time they were generated. We conclude that ice rafting from some locations was a transport pathway to the deep sea floor of reworked alkenones and pre‐Quaternary coccolith species during glacial stages, but that not all of the IRD contained alkenones, even when reworked coccoliths were present. We speculate that the ratio of reworked coccoliths to alkenone concentration might be useful to infer whether significant reworked alkenone inputs from IRD did occur at a particular site in the glacial North Atlantic. We also observe that alkenones in some of the debris flows contain a colder signal than estimated for LGM sediments in the northern North Atlantic. This is also clear in the deep‐sea core studied where the warmest intervals do not correspond to the intervals with large inputs of reworked coccoliths or IRD. We conclude that any possible bias to UK37′ estimates associated with reworked alkenones is not necessarily towards higher values, and that the high SST anomalies for the LGM are unlikely to be the result of a bias caused by IRD inputs. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and study of a molecularly imprinted polymer for specific solid‐phase extraction of vinflunine and its metabolite from biological fluids
Authors: Lopez Claire , Claude Bérengère , Morin Philippe , Pelissou Martine , Pena Richard , Max Jean‐Paul , Ribet Jean‐Paul 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was synthesized in order to specifically extract vinflunine, an anticancer agent, and its metabolite (4‐O‐deacetylvinflunine) from bovine plasma and artificial urine by solid‐phase extraction (SPE). Vinorelbine, a non‐fluorinated analogue of vinflunine, was selected as a template for MIP synthesis. The selectivity of MIP versus the template (vinorelbine) and other alkaloids (catharanthine, vinblastine, vincristine, vinflunine and 4‐O‐deacetylvinflunine) was shown by a SPE protocol carried out with non‐aqueous samples. A second protocol was developed for aqueous samples with two consecutive washing steps (AcOH–NH2OH buffer (pH 7, I=10 mM)–MeOH mixture 95:5 v/v and ACN–AcOH mixture 99:1 v/v) and an elution step (MeOH–AcOH mixture 90:10 v/v). Thus, MIP‐SPE of bovine plasma brought high recoveries, 81 and 89% for vinflunine and its metabolite, respectively. This protocol was slightly modified for artificial urine samples in order to obtain a good MIP/NIP selectivity; furthermore, elution recoveries were 73 and 81% for vinflunine and its metabolite, respectively. Repeatability was assessed in both biological matrices and RSD (%) were inferior to 4%. The MIP also showed a suitable linearity (r2 superior to 0.99), between 0.25 and 10 μg/mL for plasma, and between 1 and 5 μg/mL for artificial urine.
Using adult groups of red‐cockaded woodpeckers for translocations and population augmentation
Authors: Herbez Erin M. , Chamberlain Michael J. , Wood Douglas R. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe red‐cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis; hereafter RCW) was listed as federally endangered in 1973 after a population decline due primarily to habitat loss. Habitat fragmentation produces isolated populations of RCWs and managers often translocate subadult birds to augment existing populations. Although several studies have examined success of translocating subadults, detailed studies examining translocations of adults have been limited. We evaluated the feasibility and success of using adult RCWs for translocation and augmentation of existing populations in Morehouse Parish, Louisiana, 2006–2009. We translocated 41 primarily adult RCWs, consisting of 12 potential breeding groups (PBGs) and 5 single bird groups to suitable habitat at the Morehouse Parish Conservation Area (MPCA). Fifty‐nine percent of translocated RCWs remained on the MPCA and 45% became breeders. Thirty‐four percent of translocated RCWs were breeding after being on the MPCA for 2 breeding seasons, suggesting that translocated adult RCWs can augment the breeding population within 2 years of translocation. Fledglings contributed by translocated RCWs ranged from 11% to 30% of the total fledglings on the MPCA. There were 5 PBGs established on the MPCA from translocated RCWs and 20% of the fledglings had at least 1 translocated parent. Success rates for translocation of adults in our study were lower than previous studies where subadults were used. However, previous research suggested that demographically isolated groups have a high risk of abandonment and extirpation, and thus do not contribute to the recovery of the species. The success rates we observed suggest that translocating adult groups may be a useful tool in RCW recovery, and hence should be considered by managers when demographically isolated groups occur. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
The cochleovestibular nerve identified during auditory brainstem implantation in patients with narrow internal auditory canals: Can preoperative evaluation predict cochleovestibular nerve deficiency?
Authors: Song Mee Hyun , Kim Sang Cheol , Kim Jinna , Chang Jin Woo , Lee Won‐Sang , Choi Jae Young 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To analyze the value of preoperative diagnostic tools in predicting the status of the cochleovestibular nerve (CVN) in patients with narrow internal auditory canals (IAC).Study Design:Retrospective case series at a tertiary hospital.Methods:Eight profoundly deaf patients with narrow IACs who received auditory brainstem implantation were included in this study. The results of preoperative imaging, electrophysiologic, and auditory tests were correlated with the CVN status identified during auditory brainstem implantation.Results:Temporal bone computed tomography (CT) findings, including the patency of the bony cochlear nerve canal and the diameter of the IAC, were limited in accurately reflecting the status of the CVN. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and preoperative auditory responses to either pure tone or environmental sounds were more accurate markers for detecting the presence of a CVN than CT; however, there were limitations in cases with a very thin CVN or combined severe mental retardation. Absence of promontory or intracochlear electrically evoked auditory brainstem responses were not always indicative of an absent CVN.Conclusions:Visualization on MRI and detection of auditory responses suggested the presence of a CVN in patients with narrow IACs; however, the possibility of the presence of a CVN should be considered even when there is no clear evidence of a CVN on preoperative evaluations. Therefore, physicians should be prudent when determining candidacy for cochlear implantation or auditory brainstem implantation in patients with narrow IACs.
Varicella zoster virus infection of the pharynx and larynx with multiple cranial neuropathies
Authors: Lin Yuan‐Yung , Kao Chuan‐Hsiang , Wang Chih‐Hung 
Published: July 2011

AbstractVaricella zoster virus (VZV) infection of the head and neck region may present with various clinical symptoms, involving different entities and different routes of viral spreading. We present a case of VZV infection of the pharynx and larynx with multiple cranial nerve (CN) neuropathies (CN VII, VIII, IX, and X) of a 52‐year‐old woman who complained of the sudden onset of hoarseness, odynophagia, dysphagia, and hearing loss in the left ear, followed by left‐side facial weakness lasting for 1 week. Endoscopic examination revealed multiple mucosal erosions over the oropharynx, with extension upward to the nasopharynx and downward to the mucosa overlying the epiglottis, arytenoid, and vocal cord. All of these lesions tended to lateralize to the left side, suggesting a VZV infection diagnosis; this was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction on eruptional exudates, as well as serologic examination.
Enhancement of Cellular Uptake and Antitumor Efficiencies of Micelles with Phosphorylcholine
Authors: Tu Song , Chen Yuan‐Wei , Qiu Yong‐Bin , Zhu Kun , Luo Xiang‐Lin 
Published: July 2011

AbstractInternalization of drug delivery micelles into cancer cells is a crucial step for antitumor therapeutics. Novel amphiphilic star‐shaped copolymers with zwitterionic phosphorylcholine (PC) block, 6‐arm star poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐b‐poly(2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (6sPCL‐b‐PMPC), have been developed for encapsulation of poorly water‐soluble drugs and enhancement of their cellular uptake. The star‐shaped copolymers were synthesized by a combination of ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The copolymers self‐assembled to form spherical micelles with low critical micelle concentration (CMC). The sizes of the micelles range from 80 to 170 nm and increase 30 ≈ 80% after paclitaxel (PTX) loading. Labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), the micelles were confirmed by fluorescence microscopy to have been internalized efficiently by tumor cells. Direct visualization of the micelles within tumor cells by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed that the 6sPCL‐b‐PMPC micelles were more efficiently uptaken by tumor cells compared to PCL‐b‐PEG micelles. When incorporated with PTX, the 6sPCL‐b‐PMPC micelles show much higher cytotoxicity against Hela cells than PCL‐b‐PEG micelles, in response to the higher efficiency of cellular uptake. magnified image