bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Periconceptional bread intakes indicate New Zealand's proposed mandatory folic acid fortification program may be outdated: results from a postpartum survey
Authors: Mallard Simonette R , Gray Andrew R , Houghton Lisa A 
Published: February 2012

Abstract

Background
In September 2009, a folic acid fortification mandate (135 μg/100 g bread) was to be implemented in New Zealand. However, due to political and manufacturer objection, fortification was deferred until May 2012. Based on estimates of bread consumption derived from a 1997 nationally representative survey, this program was intended to deliver a mean additional intake of 140 μg folic acid/d to women of childbearing age. Little is known about current bread consumption patterns in this target group. The aim of this study was to assess bread consumption among women prior to and during pregnancy with the intent to estimate periconceptional folic acid intakes that would be derived from bread if mandatory fortification were implemented as currently proposed.

Methods
A retrospective survey of 723 postpartum women in hospitals and birthing centres across New Zealand was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire on bread intake prior to and during pregnancy and maternal socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics.

Results
Median bread intake before conception (2 slices/d) was below that of previous data upon which the current fortification proposal was modeled (3-4 slices/d). If mandatory fortification is implemented as proposed, only 31% (95% CI = 24%-37%) of childbearing-age women would attain an additional folic acid intake of ≥ 140 μg/d, with a mean of 119 μg/d (95% CI = 107 μg/d-130 μg/d). Based on these data, a fortification level of 160 μg/100 g bread is required to achieve the targeted mean of 140 μg folic acid/d. Nonetheless, under the current proposal additional folic acid intakes would be greatest among the least advantaged segments of the target population: Pacific and indigenous Māori ethnic groups; those with increased parity, lower income and education; younger and single mothers; and women with unplanned pregnancies. Subgroups predicted to derive less than adequate folic acid intakes from the proposed policy were women of Asian descent and those with a postgraduate education.

Conclusions
This study provides insight on the ability of a fortification policy to benefit the groups at highest risk of poor folate intakes in a population. However, bread consumption among the target group of childbearing women appears to have declined since the data used in previous dietary modeling were collected. Thus, it seems prudent to re-model dietary folic acid intakes based on more recent national survey data prior to the implementation of a mandatory folic acid fortification policy.
High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among children aged 1 month to 16 years in Hangzhou, China
Authors: Zhu Zhiwei , Zhan Jianying , Shao Jie , Chen Weijun , Chen Liqin , Li Wenhao , Ji Chai , Zhao Zhengyan 
Published: February 2012

Abstract

Background
Recent studies have suggested that vitamin D deficiency in children is widespread. But the vitamin D status of Chinese children is seldom investigated. The objective of the present study was to survey the serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in more than 6,000 children aged 1 month to 16 years in Hangzhou (latitude: 30°N), the capital of Zhejiang Province, southeast China.

Methods
The children aged 1 month to 16 years who came to the child health care department of our hospital, the children's hospital affiliated to Zhejiang university school of medicine, for health examination were taken blood for 25(OH) D measurement. Serum 25(OH) D levels were determined by direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and categorized as < 25, < 50, and < 75 nmol/L.

Results
A total of 6,008 children aged 1 month to 16 years participated in this cross-sectional study. All the subjects were divided into subgroups according to their age: 0-1y, 2-5y, 6-11y and 12-16y representing infancy, preschool, school age and adolescence stages respectively. The highest mean level of serum 25(OH)D was found in the 0-1y stage (99 nmol/L) and the lowest one was found in 12-16y stage (52 nmol/L). Accordingly, the prevalence of serum 25(OH)D levels of < 75 nmol/L and < 50 nmol/L were at the lowest among infants (33.6% and 5.4% respectively) and rose to the highest among adolescents (89.6% and 46.4% respectively). The mean levels of serum 25(OH)D and the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency changed according to seasons. In winter and spring, more than 50% of school age children and adolescents had a 25(OH)D level at < 50 nmol/L. If the threshold is changed to < 75 nmol/L, all of the adolescents (100%) had low 25(OH)D levels in winter and 93.7% school age children as well.

Conclusions
The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency among children in Hangzhou Zhejiang province is high, especially among children aged 6-16 years. We suggest that the recommendation for vitamin D supplementation in Chinese children should be extended to adolescence.
The relationship of systemic inflammation to prior hospitalization in adult patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Ngan David A , Wilcox Pearce G , Aldaabil May , Li Yuexin , Leipsic Jonathon A , Sin Don D , Man SF Paul 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundIn cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, it has been suggested that systemic inflammation may be an important risk factor for poor health outcomes. The relationship of plasma inflammatory biomarkers to lung function and hospitalization history remains largely unexplored.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 58 consecutive, clinically stable adults from the CF Clinic at St. Paul's Hospital (Vancouver, Canada). Blood levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, granzyme B (GzmB), chemokine C-C motif ligand 18 (CCL18/PARC), surfactant protein D (SP-D), lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein, and soluble cluster of differentiation 14 (sCD14) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and LPS levels were measured using aLimulusamebocyte lysate assay. Spirometry was also performed. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to assess relationships of the blood biomarkers to lung function.ResultsLung function impairment was independently associated with elevated plasma levels of CRP (P< 0.01), IL-6 (P= 0.04), IL-1β (P< 0.01), and LBP (P< 0.01). Increasing age (P< 0.01), reduced body mass index (P= 0.02), prior hospitalizations (P= 0.03), and presence ofPseudomonas aeruginosain sputum cultures (P< 0.01) were also associated with reduced lung function. Elevated concentrations of LPS in plasma were associated with a previous history of hospitalization (P< 0.05). There was a trend towards an increase in plasma IL-6 (P= 0.07) and IL-1β (P= 0.06) levels in patients who were previously hospitalized.ConclusionsIL-6 and IL-1β are promising systemic biomarkers for lung function impairment and history of hospitalization in adult patients with CF.
On mixed boundary value problem of impulsive semilinear evolution equations of fractional order
Authors: Zhang Lihong , Wang Guotao , Song Guangxing 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
This article studies the existence and uniqueness of solutions for impulsive semi-linear evolution equations of fractional order α ∈ (1, 2] with mixed boundary conditions. Some standard fixed point theorems are applied to prove the main results. An illustrative example is also presented.

Mathematics Subject Classification: 26A33; 34K30; 34K45.
TRIM5α associates with proteasomal subunits in cells while in complex with HIV-1 virions
Authors: Lukic Zana , Hausmann Stéphane , Sebastian Sarah , Rucci Justin , Sastri Jaya , Robia Seth L , Luban Jeremy , Campbell Edward M 
Published: February 2012

Abstract

Background
The TRIM5 proteins are cellular restriction factors that prevent retroviral infection in a species-specific manner. Multiple experiments indicate that restriction activity requires accessory host factors, including E2-enzymes. To better understand the mechanism of restriction, we conducted yeast-two hybrid screens to identify proteins that bind to two TRIM5 orthologues.

Results
The only cDNAs that scored on repeat testing with both TRIM5 orthologues were the proteasome subunit PSMC2 and ubiquitin. Using co-immunoprecipitation assays, we demonstrated an interaction between TRIM5α and PSMC2, as well as numerous other proteasome subunits. Fluorescence microscopy revealed co-localization of proteasomes and TRIM5α cytoplasmic bodies. Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) analysis indicated that the interaction between TRIM5 and PSMC2 was direct. Previous imaging experiments demonstrated that, when cells are challenged with fluorescently-labeled HIV-1 virions, restrictive TRIM5α orthologues assemble cytoplasmic bodies around incoming virion particles. Following virus challenge, we observed localization of proteasome subunits to rhTRIM5α cytoplasmic bodies that contained fluorescently labeled HIV-1 virions.

Conclusions
Taken together, the results presented here suggest that localization of the proteasome to TRIM5α cytoplasmic bodies makes an important contribution to TRIM5α-mediated restriction.
Phenotypical and functional characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow: comparison of culture using different media supplemented with human platelet lysate or fetal bovine serum
Authors: Azouna Nesrine Ben , Jenhani Faouzi , Regaya Zohra , Berraeis Lamia , Othman Tarek Ben , Ducrocq Elfi , Domenech Jorge 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Introduction
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells able to differentiate into several mesenchymal lineages, classically derived from bone marrow (BM) but potentially from umbilical cord blood (UCB). Although they are becoming a good tool for regenerative medicine, they usually need to be expanded in fetal bovine serum (FBS)-supplemented media. Human platelet lysate (HPL) has recently been proposed as substitute for safety reasons, but it is not yet clear how this supplement influences the properties of expanded MSCs.

Methods
In the present study, we compared the effect of various media combining autologous HPL with or without FBS on phenotypic, proliferative and functional (differentiation, cytokine secretion profile) characteristics of human BM-derived MSCs.

Results
Despite less expression of adipogenic and osteogenic markers, MSCs cultured in HPL-supplemented media fully differentiated along osteoblastic, adipogenic, chondrogenic and vascular smooth muscle lineages. The analyses of particular specific proteins expressed during osteogenic differentiation (calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) and parathormone receptor (PTHR)) showed their decrease at D0 before any induction for MSC cultured with HPL mostly at high percentage (10%HPL). The cytokine dosage showed a clear increase of proliferation capacity and interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 secretion.

Conclusions
This study shows that MSCs can be expanded in media supplemented with HPL that can totally replace FBS. HPL-supplemented media not only preserves their phenotype as well as their differentiation capacity, but also shortens culture time by increasing their growth rate.
Differential contribution of dendritic cell CD1d to NKT cell-enhanced humoral immunity and CD8+ T cell activation
Authors: Joshi Sunil K , Lang Gillian A , Devera T Scott , Johnson Amy M , Kovats Susan , Lang Mark L 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACT
CD1d-restricted type I NKT cells provide help for specific antibody production. B cells, which have captured and presented a T-dependent, antigen-derived peptide on MHC class II and CD1d-binding glycolipid α-GC on CD1d, respectively, activate Th and NKT cells to elicit B cell help. However, the role of the DC CD1d in humoral immunity remains unknown. We therefore constructed mixed bone marrow chimeras containing CD1d-expressing, DTR-transgenic DCs and CD1d+ or CD1d− nontransgenic DCs. Following DT-mediated DC ablation and immunization, we observed that the primary and secondary antibody responses were equivalent in the presence of CD1d+ and CD1d− DCs. In contrast, a total ablation of DCs delayed the primary antibody response. Further experiments revealed that depletion of CD1d+ DCs blocked in vivo expansion of antigen-specific cytotoxic (CD8+) T lymphocytes. These results provide a clear demonstration that although CD1d expression on DCs is essential for NKT-enhanced CD8+ T cell expansion, it is dispensable for specific antibody production.
Colorectal and Other Cancer Risks for Carriers and Noncarriers From Families With a DNA Mismatch Repair Gene Mutation: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Win Aung Ko , Young Joanne P. , Lindor Noralane M. , Tucker Katherine M. , Ahnen Dennis J. , Young Graeme P. , Buchanan Daniel D. , Clendenning Mark , Giles Graham G. , Winship Ingrid , Macrae Finlay A. , Goldblatt Jack , Southey Melissa C. , Arnold Julie , Thibodeau Stephen N. , Gunawardena Shanaka R. , Bapat Bharati , Baron John A. , Casey Graham , Gallinger Steven , Le Marchand Loïc , Newcomb Polly A. , Haile Robert W. , Hopper John L. , Jenkins Mark A. 
Published: February 2012

Purpose To determine whether cancer risks for carriers and noncarriers from families with a mismatch repair (MMR) gene mutation are increased above the risks of the general population. Patients and Methods We prospectively followed a cohort of 446 unaffected carriers of an MMR gene mutation (MLH1, n = 161; MSH2, n = 222; MSH6, n = 47; and PMS2, n = 16) and 1,029 their unaffected relatives who did not carry a mutation every 5 years at recruitment centers of the Colon Cancer Family Registry. For comparison of cancer risk with the general population, we estimated country-, age-, and sex-specific standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of cancer for carriers and noncarriers. Results Over a median follow-up of 5 years, mutation carriers had an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC; SIR, 20.48; 95% CI, 11.71 to 33.27; P < .001), endometrial cancer (SIR, 30.62; 95% CI, 11.24 to 66.64; P < .001), ovarian cancer (SIR, 18.81; 95% CI, 3.88 to 54.95; P < .001), renal cancer (SIR, 11.22; 95% CI, 2.31 to 32.79; P < .001), pancreatic cancer (SIR, 10.68; 95% CI, 2.68 to 47.70; P = .001), gastric cancer (SIR, 9.78; 95% CI, 1.18 to 35.30; P = .009), urinary bladder cancer (SIR, 9.51; 95% CI, 1.15 to 34.37; P = .009), and female breast cancer (SIR, 3.95; 95% CI, 1.59 to 8.13; P = .001). We found no evidence of their noncarrier relatives having an increased risk of any cancer, including CRC (SIR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.33 to 2.39; P = .97). Conclusion We confirmed that carriers of an MMR gene mutation were at increased risk of a wide variety of cancers, including some cancers not previously recognized as being a result of MMR mutations, and found no evidence of an increased risk of cancer for their noncarrier relatives.
A Primary Care–Based, Multicomponent Lifestyle Intervention for Overweight Adolescent Females
Authors: DeBar Lynn L. , Stevens Victor J. , Perrin Nancy , Wu Philip , Pearson John , Yarborough Bobbi Jo , Dickerson John , Lynch Frances 
Published: February 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Most clinic-based weight control treatments for youth have been designed for preadolescent children by using family-based care. However, as adolescents become more autonomous and less motivated by parental influence, this strategy may be less appropriate. This study evaluated a primary care–based, multicomponent lifestyle intervention specifically tailored for overweight adolescent females.

METHODS:
Adolescent girls (N = 208) 12 to 17 years of age (mean ± SD: 14.1 ± 1.4 years), with a mean ± SD BMI percentile of 97.09 ± 2.27, were assigned randomly to the intervention or usual care control group. The gender and developmentally tailored intervention included a focus on adoptable healthy lifestyle behaviors and was reinforced by ongoing feedback from the teen’s primary care physician. Of those randomized, 195 (94%) completed the 6-month posttreatment assessment, and 173 (83%) completed the 12-month follow-up. The primary outcome was reduction in BMI z score.

RESULTS:
The decrease in BMI z score over time was significantly greater for intervention participants compared with usual care participants (−0.15 in BMI z score among intervention participants compared with −0.08 among usual care participants; P = .012). The 2 groups did not differ in secondary metabolic or psychosocial outcomes. Compared with usual care, intervention participants reported less reduction in frequency of family meals and less fast-food intake.

CONCLUSIONS:
A 5-month, medium-intensity, primary care–based, multicomponent behavioral intervention was associated with significant and sustained decreases in BMI z scores among obese adolescent girls compared with those receiving usual care.
Effect of Repeated Dietary Counseling on Serum Lipoproteins From Infancy to Adulthood
Authors: Niinikoski Harri , Pahkala Katja , Ala-Korpela Mika , Viikari Jorma , Rönnemaa Tapani , Lagström Hanna , Jokinen Eero , Jula Antti , Savolainen Markku J. , Simell Olli , Raitakari Olli T. 
Published: February 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
As atherosclerosis is a lifelong process, prevention of exposure to its risk factors should start at an early age. Our aim was to study the influences of repeated low saturated fat dietary counseling on dietary intakes and lipoprotein measures from infancy to adulthood.

METHODS:
Dietary intakes (food records) and serum lipid profile were studied annually from 7 months to 19 years of age in an atherosclerosis prevention study (Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project), comprising 540 children in the intervention group and 522 children in the control group. Serum total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) were measured and used to estimate very low-density lipoprotein–TG, intermediate-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and HDL2-C, as well as apolipoproteins A-1 and B.

RESULTS:
Compared with controls, the intervention children had a lower saturated fat intake (mean daily difference [95% confidence interval] between groups: −2.1 [−2.3, −1.9] percentage of total energy intake in boys; −1.9 [−2.1, −1.7] percentage of total energy intake in girls, both P &lt; .001) and LDL-C concentration (difference [95% confidence interval] between groups: −0.18 [−0.26, −0.10] mmol/L, P &lt; .001 in boys; −0.10 [−0.19, −0.01] mmol/L, P = .037 in girls), whereas HDL-C and apolipoprotein A-1 did not differ between the study groups. In boys, total cholesterol and intermediate-density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein–TG, apolipoprotein B, and TG concentrations were also lower in the intervention than in the control group, whereas no differences were found in girls.

CONCLUSIONS:
Repeated dietary counseling is effective in decreasing saturated fat intake and serum LDL-C values from infancy until 19 years of age in both genders. In boys, significant intervention effects are evident in various lipoprotein measures, indicating a more favorable lipid profile in the counseling group.
Antenatal Antecedents of Cognitive Impairment at 24 Months In Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborns
Authors: Helderman Jennifer B. , O’Shea Thomas M. , Kuban Karl C. K. , Allred Elizabeth N. , Hecht Jonathan L. , Dammann Olaf , Paneth Nigel , McElrath T. F. , Onderdonk Andrew , Leviton Alan ,   for the ELGAN study Investigators
Published: February 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Extremely low gestational age neonates are more likely than term infants to develop cognitive impairment. Few studies have addressed antenatal risk factors of this condition. We identified antenatal antecedents of cognitive impairment determined by the Mental Development Index (MDI) portion of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Second Edition (BSID-II), at 24 months corrected age.METHODS:We studied a multicenter cohort of 921 infants born before 28 weeks of gestation during 2002 to 2004 and assessed their placentas for histologic characteristics and microorganisms. The mother was interviewed and her medical record was reviewed. At 24 months adjusted age, children were assessed with BSID-II. Multinomial logistic models were used to estimate odds ratios.RESULTS:A total of 103 infants (11%) had an MDI &lt;55, and 99 infants (11%) had an MDI between 55 and 69. No associations were identified between organisms recovered from the placenta and developmental delay. Factors most strongly associated with MDI &lt;55 were thrombosis of fetal vessels (OR 3.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2, 7.7), maternal BMI &gt;30 (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.1, 3.5), maternal education ≤12 years (OR 3.4; 95% CI 1.9, 6.2), nonwhite race (OR 2.2; 95% CI 1.3, 3.8), birth weight z score &lt; −2 (OR 2.8; 95% CI 1.1, 6.9), and male gender (OR 2.7; 95% CI 1.6, 4.5).CONCLUSIONS:Antenatal factors, including thrombosis of fetal vessels in the placenta, severe fetal growth restriction, and maternal obesity, convey information about the risk of cognitive impairment among extremely premature newborns.
Hemodynamic Effects of Delayed Cord Clamping in Premature Infants
Authors: Sommers Ross , Stonestreet Barbara S. , Oh William , Laptook Abbot , Yanowitz Toby Debra , Raker Christina , Mercer Judith 
Published: February 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Delayed cord clamping (DCC) has been advocated during preterm delivery to improve hemodynamic stability during the early neonatal period. The hemodynamic effects of DCC in premature infants after birth have not been previously examined. Our objective was to compare the hemodynamic differences between premature infants randomized to either DCC or immediate cord clamping (ICC).METHODS:This prospective study was conducted on a subset of infants who were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effects of DCC versus ICC. Entry criteria included gestational ages of 240 to 316 weeks. Twins and infants of mothers with substance abuse were excluded. Serial Doppler studies were performed at 6 ± 2, 24 ± 4, 48 ± 6, and 108 ± 12 hours of life. Measurements included superior vena cava blood flow, right ventricle output, middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity (BFV), superior mesenteric artery BFV, left ventricle shortening fraction, and presence of a persistent ductus arteriosus.RESULTS:Twenty-five infants were enrolled in the DCC group and 26 in the ICC group. Gestational age, birth weight, and male gender were similar. Admission laboratory and clinical events were also similar. DCC resulted in significantly higher superior vena cava blood flow over the study period, as well as greater right ventricle output and right ventricular stroke volumes at 48 hours. No differences were noted in middle cerebral artery BFV, mean superior mesenteric artery BFV, shortening fraction, or the incidence of a persistent ductus arteriosus.CONCLUSIONS:DCC in premature infants is associated with potentially beneficial hemodynamic changes over the first days of life.