bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytospolides A–E, New Nonanolides from an Endophytic Fungus, Cytospora sp.
Authors: Lu Shan , Kurtán Tibor , Yang Genjin , Sun Peng , Mándi Attila , Krohn Karsten , Draeger Siegfried , Schulz Barbara , Yi Yanghua , Li Ling , Zhang Wen 
Published: August 2011

AbstractCytospolides A–E (1–5), five new nonanolides with an unprecedented 15‐carbon skeleton with the unique chemical feature of a C‐2 methyl group, were isolated from the endophytic fungus Cytospora sp. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, chemical interconversion, and single‐crystal XRD. The solution and solid state conformers were compared by experimental methods (X‐ray, NMR) and solvent and gas phase DFT calculations. The absolute configurations were assigned by time dependent (TD)‐DFT calculations of CD spectra, including solution and solid state CD/TD‐DFT approaches. The cytotoxicity assay of C‐2 epimers showed significantly different activity against A549, suggesting that the C‐2 methyl group has an important role in growth inhibition towards the tumor line. The existence of two conformers of the bioactive epimer in solution was proven by the soft pulse transfer NMR technique and further supported by DFT calculations. The discovery of the new metabolites not only extends the nonanolide family with cytospolide‐type skeletons but also gives insight into the biosynthetic process of these fungal metabolites.
Versatile Synthesis of Isoquinolines and Isochromenes by Pd‐Catalyzed Oxidative Carbonylation of (2‐Alkynyl)benzylideneamine Derivatives
Authors: Gabriele Bartolo , Veltri Lucia , Maltese Vito , Spina Rosella , Mancuso Raffaella , Salerno Giuseppe 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIsoquinoline‐4‐carboxylic esters 3 and isochromene‐4‐carboxylic esters 4 have been conveniently prepared by direct PdI2‐catalyzed oxidative heterocyclization/alkoxycarbonylation of readily available (2‐alkynylbenzylidene)amine derivatives. In particular, (2‐alkynylbenzylidene)(tert‐butyl)amines 2 selectively afforded isoquinoline derivatives 3 by N‐cyclization, whereas N‐(2‐alkynylbenzylidene)‐N′‐phenylhydrazines 5 led to the formation of isochromenes 4 through O‐cyclization ensuing from water attack on the imino group of the substrate. Reactions were carried out in alcoholic solvents at 80–100 °C and under 20–80 atm (at 25 °C) of a 4:1 mixture of CO/air, in the presence of PdI2 (2–10 mol‐%) in conjunction with KI (KI/PdI2 molar ratio = 10). In the case of imines 2, the use of a dehydration agent, such as trialkyl orthoformate, was necessary to obtain satisfactory yields of isoquinolines 3.
Retrospective Maternal Report of Early Eating Behaviours in Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Dellava Jocilyn E. , Trace Sara E. , Strober Michael , Thornton Laura M. , Klump Kelly L. , Brandt Harry , Crawford Steve , Fichter Manfred M. , Halmi Katherine A. , Johnson Craig , Kaplan Allan S. , Mitchell James E. , Treasure Janet , Woodside D. Blake , Berrettini Wade H. , Kaye Walter H. , Bulik Cynthia M. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis exploratory study assessed whether maternal recall of childhood feeding and eating practices differed across anorexia nervosa (AN) subtypes. Participants were 325 women from the Genetics of Anorexia Nervosa study whose mothers completed a childhood feeding and eating questionnaire. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were used to predict AN subtype from measures related to childhood eating: (i) infant feeding (breastfed, feeding schedule, age of solid food introduction), (ii) childhood picky eating (picky eating before age 1 year and between ages one and five) and (iii) infant gastrointestinal problems (vomiting and colic). Results revealed no significant differences in retrospective maternal report of childhood feeding and eating practices among AN subtypes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Cost‐effectiveness of memantine in moderate and severe Alzheimer's disease in Norway
Authors: Rive B. , Aarsland D. , Grishchenko M. , Cochran J. , Lamure M. , Toumi M. 
Published: August 2011

BackgroundThe cost‐effectiveness of memantine for the treatment of moderate and severe Alzheimer's disease has been assessed in several European countries. Objective of the study was to assess it in Norwegian settings.MethodsThis cost‐utility analysis used a Markov modelling approach to simulate the evolution of patients until their need for full‐time care (FTC) over a 5‐year period. FTC was defined as a patient becoming either dependent or institutionalised. Transition probabilities were estimated using a newly developed predictive equation of time to FTC. Health resource use and utilities were obtained from the Scandinavian Study of Cost and Quality of Life in Alzheimer's Disease study, and mortality was obtained from the Oslo study. Memantine efficacy was based on a meta‐analysis of six large trials. The model compared memantine with its alternative in this population, that is no pharmacological treatment or background therapy with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. The model underwent extensive sensitivity analyses.ResultsIn Norway, memantine was found to delay the need for FTC by 4.4 weeks compared with standard care and was associated with increased quality‐adjusted life years. Memantine was the dominant strategy with cost savings of €3739 (30 041 NOK) per patient. The probability of being the dominant strategy was 98.8%. This result was confirmed across multiple sensitivity analyses.ConclusionsThe model suggests that memantine prolongs time to FTC for no additional cost to the healthcare system and society. It can be regarded as a cost‐effective choice in the management of moderate and severe Alzheimer's disease. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The association of bone density and calcified atherosclerosis is stronger in women without dyslipidemia: The multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis
Authors: Jensky Nicole E , Hyder Joseph A , Allison Matthew A , Wong Nathan , Aboyans Victor , Blumenthal Roger S , Schreiner Pamela , Carr J Jeffrey , Wassel Christina L , Ix Joachim H , Criqui Michael H 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
We tested whether the association between bone mineral density (BMD) and coronary artery calcification (CAC) varies according to dyslipidemia in community-living individuals. Between 2002 and 2005, 305 women and 631 men (mean age of 64 years), who were not taking lipid-lowering medications or estrogen were assessed for spine BMD, CAC, and total (TC), HDL- and LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides. Participants were a random sample from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) without clinical cardiovascular disease. Spine BMD at the L3 vertebrate was performed by computer tomography (CT). CAC prevalence was measured by CT. The total cholesterol to HDL ratio (TC:HDL) ≥ 5.0 was used as the primary marker of hyperlipidemia. The association of BMD with CAC differed in women with TC:HDL &lt; 5.0 versus higher (p-interaction = 0.01). In age- and race-adjusted models, among women with TC:HDL &lt; 5.0, each SD (43.4 mg/cc) greater BMD was associated with a 25% lower prevalence of CAC (prevalence ratio [PR] 0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.63–0.89), whereas among women with higher TC:HDL, higher BMD was not significantly associated with CAC (PR 1.22, 95% CI 0.82–1.82). Results were similar using other definitions of hyperlipidemia. In contrast, no consistent association was observed between BMD and CAC in men, irrespective of the TC:HDL ratio (p interaction 0.54). The inverse association of BMD with CAC is stronger in women without dyslipidemia. These data argue against the hypothesis that dyslipidemia is the key factor responsible for the inverse association of BMD with atherosclerosis. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Medication reconciliation: Barriers and facilitators from the perspectives of resident physicians and pharmacists
Authors: Boockvar Kenneth S. , Santos Susan L. , Kushniruk Andre , Johnson Christopher , Nebeker Jonathan R. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Medication reconciliation can prevent medication errors and harm when patients transition between hospital and other care settings. Though a Joint Commission hospital Patient Safety Goal since 2006, organizations continue to have difficulty implementing the process.OBJECTIVE:To determine factors that influence performance of medication reconciliation in a hospital setting with a computerized medication reconciliation tool.DESIGN:Cognitive task analysis (CTA) and focus group interviews.SETTING:Urban, academic, tertiary‐care Veterans Affairs medical center.PARTICIPANTS:Internal medicine house staff physicians (n = 23) and inpatient staff pharmacists (n = 12).MEASUREMENTS:CTA participants verbalized their thoughts while they completed medication reconciliation with the computerized tool. Focus group participants described medication reconciliation's purpose and effectiveness, how they completed the task, and its barriers and facilitators. Interviews were recorded and analyzed using social science methods for analyzing qualitative data.RESULTS:Participants agreed that a central goal of medication reconciliation is to prevent prescribing errors, but disagreed about whether it achieves this goal. Computerization facilitated the task, but participants said that computers and patients can be unreliable sources of information. Participants varied in how they sequenced components of the task. When time was limited, physicians considered other responsibilities higher priority. Both physicians and pharmacists expressed low self‐efficacy, ie, low perceived capability to achieve the objectives of the process.CONCLUSION:Key barriers to medication reconciliation are unreliable sources of medication information and tasks that compete for providers' time and attention that they consider higher priority. Addressing these barriers while increasing providers' self‐efficacy might improve medication reconciliation and its outcomes. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2011;6:329–337. © 2011 Society of Hospital Medicine
Evaluation of a hospitalist‐run acute care for the elderly service
Authors: Wald Heidi L. , Glasheen Jeffrey J. , Guerrasio Jeannette , Youngwerth Jean M. , Cumbler Ethan Ulysses 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Comprehensive care for frail older inpatients may improve selected outcomes and reduce harm.OBJECTIVE:To evaluate a Hospitalist‐run Acute Care for the Elderly (Hospitalist‐ACE) service.DESIGN:Quasi‐randomized, controlled trial.SETTING:Urban academic medical center.PATIENTS:Medical inpatients age ≥70 years.INTERVENTION:Hospitalist‐ACE service components: 1) selected hospitalist attendings; 2) daily interdisciplinary rounds; 3) standardized geriatric assessment; 4) clinical focus on mitigating harm and discharge planning; 5) novel inpatient geriatrics curriculum.MEASURES:The primary outcome was recognition of abnormal functional status by the primary medical team. Secondary outcomes included: recognition of abnormal cognitive status and delirium by the primary medical team; use of physical restraints and sleep aids; documentation of code status; hospital charges, length of stay, readmission rates, discharge location, and falls.RESULTS:One hundred twenty‐two Hospitalist‐ACE patients were compared to 95 usual care patients. Hospitalist‐ACE patients had significantly greater recognition of abnormal functional status (65% vs 32%, P < 0.0001), and abnormal cognitive status (57% vs 36%, P = 0.02), and greater use of “Do Not Attempt Resuscitation” orders (39% vs 26%, P = 0.04). There were no differences in use of physical restraints, or sleep aids, falls, or discharge location. Hospitalist‐ACE patients and usual care patients had similar mean lengths of stay in days (3.4 ± 2.7 vs 3.1 ± 2.7, P = 0.52), mean charges ($24,617 ± $15,828 vs $21,488 ± $13,407, P = 0.12), and 30‐day readmission rates (12% vs 10%, P = 0.50).CONCLUSIONS:A Hospitalist‐ACE service may improve care processes without significantly increasing resource consumption. No impact on key clinical outcomes was observed. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2011;6:313–321. © 2011 Society of Hospital Medicine
Clinical and safety impact of an inpatient Pharmacist‐Directed anticoagulation service
Authors: Schillig Jessica , Kaatz Scott , Hudson Michael , Krol Gregory D. , Szandzik Edward G. , Kalus James S. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Warfarin is implicated in approximately 30% of reported anticoagulant‐related errors. In order to improve anticoagulation management and safety, our institution implemented an inpatient Pharmacist‐Directed Anticoagulation Service (PDAS).OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the impact of this service on both transition of care and safety of patients receiving warfarin anticoagulation.DESIGN:Cluster randomized trial.SETTING:Large, urban teaching hospital and level 1 trauma center.PATIENTS:All patients receiving warfarin on two medical and two cardiology units.INTERVENTION:A PDAS provided dosing, monitoring, and coordination of transition from the inpatient‐to‐outpatient setting.MEASUREMENTS:Endpoints were assessed during hospitalization and 30 days after discharge. Transition of care was considered effective if compliance with all of the transition of care metrics occurred. The transition of care metrics included: appropriate enrollment in the anticoagulation clinic, documented inpatient‐to‐outpatient provider contact, documented inpatient provider‐to‐anticoagulation clinic communication and patient follow‐up with the anticoagulation clinic within five days of discharge. Safety was measured by the composite endpoint of thromboembolism, major bleeding, or international normalized ratio (INR) ≥5.RESULTS:This study included 500 patients. Transition of care metric compliance occurred in 73% more patients in the PDAS group (P < 0.001). There was also a 32% reduction in the composite safety endpoint in the PDAS group (P = 0.103). This finding was driven by a reduction in rate of INR ≥5 (P = 0.076).CONCLUSIONS:Implementation of a PDAS provides a net improvement in quality of care for the patient taking warfarin in the inpatient setting. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2011;6:322–328. © 2011 Society of Hospital Medicine
CONTENDING DEVELOPMENTS: LOCAL NOTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT ON SIQUIJOR ISLAND, PHILIPPINES
Authors: Bulloch Hannah 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPost‐development theorists have reminded us that ‘development’ is a cultural construct—a set of organising assumptions through which we order the world and understand our place in it. As such, notions of development are not singular but vary between different groups of people. This paper seeks to bring further nuance to these understandings. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork on Siquijor Island in the Philippines, it explores contending ideals of the good life—one based on material accumulation, the other on austerity—at once valued by most residents. It shows that notions of development vary not only between groups but that individuals can simultaneously hold multiple ideals of development. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of alternative sweeteners on batter rheology and cake properties
Authors: Psimouli Vasso , Oreopoulou Vassiliki 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: The aim of this research was to investigate whether certain polyols (mannitol, maltitol, sorbitol, lactitol), fructose, oligofructose and polydextrose can replace sugar (by an equal amount of each substitute) in cake formulations. The rheological behaviour of the cake batter and the physical characteristics of the cakes containing sugar substitutes were compared with the respective attributes of the control cake. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to investigate the effect of sugar substitutes on starch gelatinisation. Furthermore sensorial characteristics were evaluated by instrumental measurements and sensory evaluation. The correlation of the batter characteristics with the textural attributes of the final product was also attempted.RESULTS: The best results were obtained by using oligofructose, lactitol or maltitol as sugar replacers, which exhibited similar behaviour to sucrose in terms of batter rheology and increased starch gelatinisation temperature. Fructose and mannitol led to cakes of poor quality characteristics, as was demonstrated by instrumental measurements and sensory evaluation.CONCLUSIONS: Batter rheological behaviour as well as the ability of sugar substitutes to increase starch gelatinisation temperature proved to be controlling factors of the textural properties and volume of the cakes. The sensory evaluation indicated that overall acceptance followed closely the scores of tenderness and taste. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Dark chocolate acceptability: influence of cocoa origin and processing conditions
Authors: Torres‐Moreno Miriam , Tarrega Amparo , Costell Elvira , Blanch Consol 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Chocolate properties can vary depending on cocoa origin, composition and manufacturing procedure, which affect consumer acceptability. The aim of this work was to study the effect of two cocoa origins (Ghana and Ecuador) and two processing conditions (roasting time and conching time) on dark chocolate acceptability.RESULTS: Overall acceptability and acceptability for different attributes (colour, flavour, odour and texture) were evaluated by 95 consumers. Differences in acceptability among dark chocolates were mainly related to differences in flavour acceptability. The use of a long roasting time lowered chocolate acceptability in Ghanaian samples while it had no effect on acceptability of Ecuadorian chocolates. This response was observed for most consumers (two subgroups with different frequency consumption of dark chocolate). However, for a third group of consumers identified as distinguishers, the most acceptable dark chocolate samples were those produced with specific combinations of roasting time and conching time for each of the cocoa geographical origin considered.CONCLUSION: To produce dark chocolates from a single origin it is important to know the target market preferences and to select the appropriate roasting and conching conditions. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Non‐varnishing and tribological characteristics of polyalkylene glycol‐based synthetic turbine fluid
Authors: Khemchandani Govind 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTVarnish build‐up in heavy duty gas turbines is a leading cause of costly unplanned shutdowns and resulting lost power generation capacity. The culprit is the conventional petroleum‐based turbine oil, which breaks down to form varnish and sludge that cause servo valves to stick. Use of filtration to remove solid degradation by‐products addresses a symptom but not the root cause of varnish formation: the petroleum‐based turbine oils themselves. For the best protection against varnish‐related shutdowns, a switch from petroleum‐based turbine oil to non‐varnishing polyalkylene glycol (PAG)‐based synthetic turbine fluid was undertaken by four power plants in North America. PAG‐based synthetic turbine fluid chemistry, its tribological characteristics and successful trials in GE 7FA heavy duty gas turbines (General Electric Company, Fairfield, CT, USA) are discussed in this paper. PAG‐based synthetic turbine fluid has outperformed the hydrocarbon turbine oil in reduced sludge and varnish formation due to its polar nature and solvating power in plant trials as well as in a modified ASTM D 2893 test. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photo‐assisted peptide enrichment in protein complex cross‐linking analysis of a model homodimeric protein using mass spectrometry
Authors: Yan Funing , Che Fa‐Yun , Nieves Edward , Weiss Louis M. , Angeletti Ruth H. , Fiser Andras 
Published: August 2011

AbstractMS analysis of cross‐linked peptides can be used to probe protein contact sites in macromolecular complexes. We have developed a photo‐cleavable cross‐linker that enhances peptide enrichment, improving the signal‐to‐noise ratio of the cross‐linked peptides in mass spectrometry analysis. This cross‐linker utilizes nitro‐benzyl alcohol group that can be cleaved by UV irradiation and is stable during the multiple washing steps used for peptide enrichment. The enrichment method utilizes a cross‐linker that aids in eliminating contamination resulting from protein‐based retrieval systems, and thus, facilitates the identification of cross‐linked peptides. Homodimeric pilM protein from Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2192 (pilM) was investigated to test the specificity and experimental conditions. As predicted, the known pair of lysine side chains within 14 Å was cross‐linked. An unexpected cross‐link involving the protein's amino terminus was also detected. This is consistent with the predicted mobility of the amino terminus that may bring the amino groups within 19 Å of one another in solution. These technical improvements allow this method to be used for investigating protein–protein interactions in complex biological samples.
Proteomic analysis of extracellular matrices used in stem cell culture
Authors: Hughes Chris S. , Radan Lida , Betts Dean , Postovit Lynne M. , Lajoie Gilles A. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractNumerous matrices for the growth of human embryonic stem cells (hESC) in vitro have been described. However, their exact composition is typically unknown. Information on the components of these matrices will aid in the development of a fully defined growth surface for hESCs. These matrices typically consist of mixture of proteins present in a wide range of abundance making their characterization challenging. In this study, we performed the proteomic analysis of five previously uncharacterized matrices: CellStart, Human Basement Membrane Extract (Human BME), StemXVivo, Bridge Human Extracellular Matrix (BridgeECM), and mouse embryonic fibroblast conditioned matrix (MEF‐CMTX). Based on a proteomics protocol optimized using lysates from HeLa cells, we undertook the analysis of the five complex extracellular matrix (ECM) samples using a combination of strong anion and cation exchange chromatography and SDS‐PAGE. For each of these matrices, we identify numerous proteins, indicating their complex nature. We also compared these results with a similar proteomics analysis of the growth matrix, Matrigel™. From these analyses, we observed that fibronectin is a primary component of nearly all hESC supportive matrices. This observation led to the investigation of the suitability of fibronectin as a defined ECM for the growth of hESCs. We found that fibronectin promotes the maintenance of pluripotent H9 and CA1 hESCs in an undifferentiated state using mTeSR1 medium. This finding validates the utility of characterizing matrices used for hESC growth in revealing ECM components required for culturing hESCs in a universally applicable defined system.
Can the false‐discovery rate be misleading?
Authors: Barboza Rodrigo , Cociorva Daniel , Xu Tao , Barbosa Valmir C. , Perales Jonas , Valente Richard H. , França Felipe M. G. , Yates John R. , Carvalho Paulo C. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe decoy‐database approach is currently the gold standard for assessing the confidence of identifications in shotgun proteomic experiments. Here, we demonstrate that what might appear to be a good result under the decoy‐database approach for a given false‐discovery rate could be, in fact, the product of overfitting. This problem has been overlooked until now and could lead to obtaining boosted identification numbers whose reliability does not correspond to the expected false‐discovery rate. To overcome this, we are introducing a modified version of the method, termed a semi‐labeled decoy approach, which enables the statistical determination of an overfitted result.