bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Requirement of lid2 for interfacial activation of a family I.3 lipase with unique two lid structures
Authors: Cheng Maria , Angkawidjaja Clement , Koga Yuichi , Kanaya Shigenori 
Published: August 2012

A family I.3 lipase from Pseudomonas sp. MIS38 (PML) is characterized by the presence of two lids (lid1 and lid2) that greatly change conformation upon substrate binding. While lid1 represents the commonly known lid in lipases, lid2 is unique to PML and other family I.3 lipases. To clarify the role of lid2 in PML, a lid2 deletion mutant (ΔL2‐PML) was constructed by deleting residues 35–64 of PML. ΔL2‐PML requires calcium ions for both lipase and esterase activities as does PML, suggesting that it exhibits activity only when lid1 is fully open and anchored by the catalytically essential calcium ion, as does PML. However, when the enzymatic activity was determined using triacetin, the activity of PML exponentially increased as the substrate concentration reached and increased beyond the critical micellar concentration, while that of ΔL2‐PML did not. These results indicate that PML undergoes interfacial activation, while ΔL2‐PML does not. The activities of ΔL2‐PML for long‐chain triglycerides significantly decreased while its activity for fatty acid ethyl esters increased, compared with those of PML. Comparison of the tertiary models of ΔL2‐PML in a closed and open conformation, which are optimized by molecular dynamics simulation, with the crystal structures of PML suggests that the hydrophobic surface area provided by lid1 and lid2 in an open conformation is considerably decreased by the deletion of lid2. We propose that the hydrophobic surface area provided by these lids is necessary to hold the micellar substrates firmly to the active site and therefore lid2 is required for interfacial activation of PML.DatabaseTriacylglycerol lipase (EC 3.1.1.3)
Analysis of expressed sequence tags derived from pea leaves infected by Peronospora viciae f. sp. pisi
Authors: Feng J. , Chang K.F. , Hwang S.F. , Strelkov S.E. , Conner R.L. , Gossen B.D. , McLaren D.L. , Chen Y.Y. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA cDNA library was constructed from field pea leaves infected by the downy mildew pathogen, Peronospora viciae f. sp. pisi, using a suppression subtractive hybridisation approach. The library consists of 399 expressed sequence tags, from which 207 unisequences were obtained after sequence assembly. Of the unisequences, six were shown to be of Peronospora viciae f. sp. pisi origin. The remaining unisequences were subjected to gene ontology analysis and their functions were predicted in silico. Eleven of these unisequences (representing 24 clones) shared significant sequence similarities with Arabidopsis genes known to be involved in downy mildew resistance, including the well‐characterised genes RPP5, RPP6 and RPP27. Expression analysis of five selected unisequences by real‐time PCR indicated that all five were up‐regulated during downy mildew pathogenesis, suggesting a significant role for these genes in the host response to downy mildew infection.
Does cypermethrin affect enzyme activity, respiration rate and walking behavior of the maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais)?
Authors: Von Santos Veloso Ronnie , Pereira Eliseu José G. , Guedes Raul Narciso C. , Oliveira Maria Goreti A. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractInsecticides cause a range of sub‐lethal effects on targeted insects, which are frequently detrimental to them. However, targeted insects are able to cope with insecticides within sub‐lethal ranges, which vary with their susceptibility. Here we assessed the response of three strains of the maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to sub‐lethal exposure to the pyrethoid insecticide cypermethrin. We expected enzyme induction associated with cypermethrin resistance since it would aid the resistant insects in surviving such exposure. Lower respiration rate and lower activity were also expected in insecticide‐resistant insects since these traits are also likely to favor survivorship under insecticide exposure. Curiously though, cypermethrin did not affect activity of digestive and energy metabolism enzymes, and even reduced the activity of some enzymes (particularly for cellulase and cysteine‐proteinase activity in this case). There was strain variation in response, which may be (partially) related to insecticide resistance in some strains. Sub‐lethal exposure to cypermethrin depressed proteolytic and mainly cellulolytic activity in the exposed insects, which is likely to impair their fitness. However, such exposure did not affect respiration rate and walking behavior of the insects (except for the susceptible strain where walking activity was reduced). Walking activity varies with strain and may minimize insecticide exposure, which should be a concern, particularly if associated with (physiological) insecticide resistance.
Rights of Public Access for Outdoor Recreation: What Does the Public Know?
Authors: WILSON JUDE , BOOTH KAY , CURRY NIGEL 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTThis study addresses the public's perceptions of their access rights to the New Zealand countryside for outdoor recreation. An interviewer‐administered questionnaire survey of 300 Christchurch residents investigated people's knowledge of their access rights, perceptions of access mechanisms, the availability of access information and their experiences of gaining access to land. Whilst individuals are aware of their rights in a general sense, and feel confident they know where they can go, their level of knowledge was found to be low. Findings indicate that knowledge of access rights exerts a strong influence over where people recreate.
Complexity‐reduced in the hydroclimatological modelling of aquifer's discharge
Authors: Diodato Nazzareno , Fiorillo Francesco 
Published: August 2012

AbstractClimate variability induces considerable interannual fluctuations in spring discharge, especially in mountain areas, where groundwater is recharged mainly by rain and snow melt. This study presents the discharge climatological model (DISCLIM), which was developed to test a complexity‐reduced approach to perform historical reconstruction in the lack of physical assumptions. The Mount Cervialto aquifer (Southern Italy) is the test site, where a powerful karst spring is monitored since the 1920s and is very sensitive to climatic conditions. DISCLIM incorporates seasonal precipitation and climate indicators only. Despite its simplicity, DISCLIM has been able to well estimate the yearly fluctuations of discharge hydrological, explaining about 90% of the interannual variability at the calibration stage, and more than 80% at validation stage. This means that DISCLIM can be easily used for estimating the discharge in historical times, when no all the hydrological balance data are available for the purpose.
Daily streamflow modelling using autoregressive moving average and artificial neural networks models: case study ofÇoruh basin,Turkey
Authors: Can İbrahim , Tosunoğlu Fatih , Kahya Ercan 
Published: August 2012

AbstractStreamflow modelling is a quite important issue for water resources system planning and management projects, such as dam construction, reservoir operation and flood control. This study demonstrates the application of artificial neural networks (ANN) and autoregressive moving average (ARMA) models for modelling daily streamflow inÇoruh basin,Turkey, where there are numerous highly critical power plants either under construction or being projected. Daily streamflow records from nine gauging stations located in the basin were used in this study. In the first phase of our study,ANNandARMAmodels were obtained using daily streamflow. In the second phase, 100 synthetic streamflow series were generated using previously determinedANNandARMAmodels in order to ensure the preservation of main statistical characteristics of the historical time series. The results have showed that the historical time series have similar statistical parameters to those of the generated time series at 95% confidence level.
Pollution source control by water utilities – characterisation and implications for water management: research results from England and Wales
Authors: Spiller Marc , McIntosh Brian S. , Seaton Roger A. F. , Jeffrey Paul 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe treatment of agriculturally polluted water to potable standards is costly for water companies. Changes in agricultural practice can reduce these costs while also meeting the objectives of European Union (EU) environmental legislation. In this paper, the uptake of source control interventions (SCIs) by water and sewage companies in England and Wales as a means of controlling agricultural pollution is investigated. Data were gathered using semistructured interviews with water and sewage company representatives. Interview data were processed using thematic and content analysis. Results showed that SCIs are increasingly being adopted in England and Wales. Of the four types of SCI identified, the so‐called ‘Liaison’ type dominated. This type of intervention requires intermediary organisations with local expertise in water catchments. Differences in pollution source control between EU countries, and England and Wales are examined. Evidence indicated that ‘Liaison’ SCI
s types may be more prevalent in countries where water supplies are privatised.
Unintentional Injury, Psychological Distress and Depressive Symptoms: Is There an Association for Rural Australians?
Authors: Fragar Lyn , Inder Kerry J. , Kelly Brian J. , Coleman Clare , Perkins David , Lewin Terry J. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose: To investigate the association between unintentional injury and mental health in Australian rural communities.Methods: Using cross‐sectional baseline data for a longitudinal study from randomly selected adults in nonmetropolitan Australia, we fitted logistic regression models for the outcomes of domestic or public setting injury and injury in high‐risk settings, using prior depression and demographic factors. OR and 99% CI were reported and also calculated for current mental health including psychological distress, depressive symptoms and risky alcohol consumption, comparing those injured with those not.Findings: Of 2,639 participants who completed the injury component, 364 (13.8%) reported injury requiring treatment from a doctor or a hospitalization in the previous 12 months. Of those requiring treatment or hospitalization, 147 (40.4%) reported being injured in a domestic or public setting and 207 (56.9%) in a high‐risk setting. The most common types and mechanisms of injury were sprains and strains, and falls, trips and slips, respectively. Preinjury depression was independently associated with unintentional injury in a domestic or public setting. Being injured in this setting was associated with double the odds of experiencing current depressive symptoms. The likelihood of a high‐risk setting injury was significantly associated with male gender. High‐risk setting injury was associated with current psychological distress and higher levels of alcohol usage.Conclusions: This study supports the hypothesis that pre‐existing depression is associated with unintentional injury in a rural sample and indicates the important role of prior depression in management of injury, given the high rate of injury in rural communities. Mechanisms by which prior depression increases likelihood of unintentional injury will be further investigated using longitudinal data.
“Fault‐line of an Earthquake”: A Qualitative Examination of Barriers and Facilitators to Colorectal Cancer Screening in Rural, Eastern North Carolina
Authors: Jilcott Pitts Stephanie B. , Lea C. Suzanne , May Carrie L. , Stowe Chelsea , Hamill Dana J. , Walker Kelcy T. , Fitzgerald Timothy L. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality and disparately affects rural, low‐income and minority individuals. Thus, to inform effective interventions and policies to increase screening rates and thus ameliorate CRC disparities, this study's purpose was to examine barriers and facilitators to CRC screening among low‐income, rural eastern North Carolina residents.Methods: We conducted 4 focus group discussions in October and November 2011, among a convenience sample of eastern North Carolina residents (n = 45). The focus group discussion guide included open‐ended questions about barriers and facilitators to CRC screening. Discussions were audio recorded and then transcribed verbatim. A codebook listing codes and operational definitions was developed by 2 research team members, who then iteratively and independently double‐coded all transcripts. Nvivo (version 9, QSR International Pty Ltd, Doncaster, Victoria, Australia) was used to manage data. Themes were extracted based upon depth and frequency of mention.Findings: Major barriers to CRC screening included the high cost of tests and follow‐up care, fear of the test itself (colonoscopy), fear of cancer diagnosis, and fear of burdening family members. Violation (among men) and embarrassment (among women) were also barriers. Facilitators included doctor's recommendation, symptoms, support from family and friends, and the desire to live a long and healthy life. Intervention ideas included free tests with information and resources for follow‐up care as needed.Conclusion: Understanding barriers and facilitators to CRC screening can assist clinicians and public health practitioners in designing effective interventions to reduce CRC disparities.
The Financial Performance of Rural Hospitals and Implications for Elimination of the Critical Access Hospital Program
Authors: Holmes George M. , Pink George H. , Friedman Sarah A. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose: To compare the financial performance of rural hospitals with Medicare payment provisions to those paid under prospective payment and to estimate the financial consequences of elimination of the Critical Access Hospital (CAH) program.Methods: Financial data for 2004‐2010 were collected from the Healthcare Cost Reporting Information System (HCRIS) for rural hospitals. HCRIS data were used to calculate measures of the profitability, liquidity, capital structure, and financial strength of rural hospitals. Linear mixed models accounted for the method of Medicare reimbursement, time trends, hospital, and market characteristics. Simulations were used to estimate profitability of CAHs if they reverted to prospective payment.Findings: CAHs generally had lower unadjusted financial performance than other types of rural hospitals, but after adjustment for hospital characteristics, CAHs had generally higher financial performance.Conclusions: Special payment provisions by Medicare to rural hospitals are important determinants of financial performance. In particular, the financial condition of CAHs would be worse if they were paid under prospective payment.
Screening of ragdoll cats for kidney ‐disease: a retrospective evaluation
Authors: Paepe D. , Saunders J. H. , Bavegems V. , Paes G. , Peelman L. J. , Makay C. , Daminet S. 
Published: August 2012

ObjectivesTo assess the prevalence of renal abnormalities in ragdoll cats. Ragdoll breeders often warn clients to watch for future renal problems, mainly due to chronic interstitial nephritis and polycystic kidney disease. Therefore, ragdoll screening by abdominal ultrasonography, measurement of serum creatinine and urea concentrations and genetic testing is often performed without documented scientific evidence of increased risk of renal disease.MethodsRetrospective evaluation of ragdoll screening for renal disease at one institution over an eight‐year period.ResultsRenal ultrasonography was performed in 244 healthy ragdoll cats. Seven cats were positive for polycystic kidney disease, 21 were suspected to have chronic kidney disease, 8 had abnormalities of unknown significance and 2 cats had only one visible kidney. Cats suspected to have chronic kidney disease were significantly older and had significantly higher serum urea and creatinine concentrations than cats with normal renal ultrasonography. All 125 genetically tested cats were negative for polycystic kidney disease. However, only one of the seven ultrasonographically positive cats underwent genetic testing for polycystic kidney disease.Clinical SignificanceUltrasonographic findings compatible with chronic kidney disease were observed in almost 10% of cats, and polycystic kidney disease occurred at a low prevalence (<3%) in this ragdoll population. Further studies are required to elucidate if ragdoll cats are predisposed to chronic kidney disease.
Pedicle ligation in ovariohysterectomy: an in vitro study of ligation techniques
Authors: Leitch B. J. , Bray J. P. , Kim N. J. G. , Cann B. , Lopez‐Vilalobos N. 
Published: August 2012

ObjectivesLigature failure is an important complication following ovariohysterectomy in the bitch. The aim of this study was to assess the differences between five individual ligation techniques in their ability to attenuate a bulky vascular model.MethodsA vascular model was constructed that enabled the occlusive ability of five different ligation techniques to be measured including the square knot, surgeon's knot, slip knot, modified transfixing ligature and the single‐double other side knot. Each was constructed using bothUSP‐0 polyglyconate and polyglactin 910 suture material. The extent of attenuation of the vascular model that was achieved by each technique was assessed using pressure transducers.ResultsIn this model, the slip knot, modified transfixing ligature and the single‐double other side knot outperformed the square and surgeon's knots.Clinical SignificanceThe results of this study suggest that utilising a knot design that has more inherent resistance to slippage of the first throw (e.g. the modified transfixing ligature, slip or single‐double other side knots) may be preferable over square and surgeon's knots when tying a ligature on a bulky vascular pedicle like the ovarian stump in a large bitch.
Knowledge, attitude, and practices about the seasonal influenza vaccination among healthcare workers in Srinagar, India
Authors: Bali Nargis K. , Ashraf M. , Ahmad Feroze , Khan Umar H. , Widdowson Marc‐Alain , Lal Renu B. , Koul Parvaiz A. 
Published: August 2012

Please cite this paper as: Bali NK et al. (2012) Knowledge, attitude, and practices about the seasonal influenza vaccination among healthcare workers in Srinagar, India. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 7(4), 540–545.Background  Healthcare workers (HCWs) universally have a poor uptake of influenza vaccination. However, no data are available from India.Objective  To explore knowledge, attitudes, and practices associated with influenza vaccination in HCWs in a temperate climate area in northern India.Patients and Methods  A self‐administered questionnaire was offered to all HCWs in three major hospitals of Srinagar and information sought on motivations, perceptions, preferences and practices regarding influenza vaccination.Results  Of the 1750 questionnaires received, 1421 (81%) were returned. Only 62 (4·4%) HCWs had ever received influenza vaccination even as 1348 (95%) believed that influenza poses adverse potential consequences for themselves or their contacts; 1144 (81%) were aware of a vaccine against influenza and 830 (58%) of its local availability. Reasons cited by 1359 participants for not being vaccinated included ignorance about vaccine availability (435; 32%), skepticism about efficacy (248; 18%), busy schedule (166; 12%), fear of side effects (70; 4%), and a perception of not being‐at‐risk (82; 6%). Sixty‐one percent (865) believed that vaccine programs are motivated by profit. Eighty‐eight percent opined for mandatory vaccination for HCWs caring for the high‐risk patients, as a part of ‘employee health program’. Most of the participants intended to get vaccinated in the current year even as 684 (48%) held that vaccines could cause unknown illness and 444 (31%) believed their adverse effects to be underreported.Conclusion  Influenza vaccination coverage among HCWs is dismally low in Srinagar; poor knowledge of vaccine availability and misperceptions about vaccine effectiveness, fear of adverse effects and obliviousness to being‐at‐risk being important barriers. Multifaceted, adaptable measures need to be invoked urgently to increase the coverage.
Fermentation by Amylolytic Lactic Acid Bacteria and Consequences for Starch Digestibility of Plantain, Breadfruit, and Sweet Potato Flours
Authors: Haydersah Julien , Chevallier Isabelle , Rochette Isabelle , Mouquet‐Rivier Claire , Picq Christian , Marianne‐Pépin Thérèse , Icard‐Vernière Christèle , Guyot Jean‐Pierre 
Published: August 2012

Abstract:  The potential of tropical starchy plants such as plantain (Musa paradisiaca), breadfruit (Artocarpus communis), and sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) for the development of new fermented foods was investigated by exploiting the capacity of some lactic acid bacteria to hydrolyze starch. The amylolytic lactic acid bacteria (ALAB) Lactobacillus plantarum A6 and Lactobacillus fermentum Ogi E1 were able to change the consistency of thick sticky gelatinized slurries of these starchy fruits and tubers into semiliquid to liquid products. Consequently, a decrease in apparent viscosity and an increase in Bostwick flow were observed. These changes and the production of maltooligosaccharides confirmed starch hydrolysis. Sucrose in sweet potato was not fermented by strain A6 and poorly fermented by strain Ogi E1, suggesting possible inhibition of sucrose fermentation. In all 3 starchy plants, rapidly digestible starch (RDS) was higher than slowly digestible starch (SDS) and resistant starch (RS) represented between 17% and 30% dry matter (DM). The digestibility of plantain was not affected by fermentation, whereas the RDS content of breadfruit and sweet potato decreased and the RS content increased after fermentation.Practical Application:  The characteristics resulting from different combinations of gluten free starchy plants (plantain, breadfruit, sweet potato) and amylolytic lactic acid bacteria (ALAB) offer opportunities to develop new functional fermented beverages, mainly for breadfruit and sweet potato, after further investigation of their formulation, sensory attributes, nutritional, and prebiotic characteristics.
Influence of Yeast Mannoproteins in the Aroma Improvement of White Wines
Authors: Juega M. , Nunez Y.P. , Carrascosa A.V. , Martinez‐Rodriguez A.J. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract:  In the present work, 3 different yeast strains (1, 2, and 3) were used to elaborate white wines using Albariño must. The concentration of polymeric mannose was determined using a method based on the mannoprotein precipitation, hydrolysis and analysis of sylylated mannose derivatives by gas chromatography. Wines elaborated with the strain 1 (W1) presented a higher mannoprotein concentration than the other wines. The analysis of the volatile composition of wines showed significant differences (P < 0.05) among them, being W1 which presented the highest concentration of aroma compounds, mainly terpens and norisoprenoids. The sensorial analysis of wines also showed that W1 had the best quality. The results obtained from this work demonstrate that mannoproteins could be involved in the behavior observed. Some evidences were obtained using a model wine, where 2 major terpens in W1 were preferentially retained by the colloids rich in mannoproteins released by strain 1.Practical Application:  White wines elaborated with yeast strains overproducing mannoproteins could have better quality than others. Mannoproteins could contribute to aroma enhancement of Albariño white wines