bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and Synthesis of Some Novel Oxiconazole‐Like Carboacyclic Nucleoside Analogues, as Potential Chemotherapeutic Agents
Authors: Soltani Rad Mohammad Navid , Khalafi‐Nezhad Ali , Behrouz Somayeh 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe syntheses of some novel carboacyclic nucleosides, 17a–17o, containing oxiconazole‐like scaffolds, are described (Schemes 1–3). In this series of carboacyclic nucleosides, pyrimidine as well as purine and other imidazole derivatives were employed as an imidazole successor in oxiconazole. These compounds could be prepared in good yields by using two different strategies (Schemes 1 and 2). Due to Scheme 1, the N‐coupling of nucleobases with 2‐bromoacetophenones was attained for 18a–18e, and their subsequent oximation affording 19a–19e and finally O‐alkylation with diverse alkylating sources resulted in the products 17a–17g, 17n, and 17o. In Scheme 2, use of 2‐bromoacetophenone oximes 20, followed by N‐coupling of nucleobases, provided 19f–19j whose final O‐alkylation produced 17h–17m (Scheme 2). For the rational interpretation of the dominant formation of (E)‐oxime ethers rather than (Z)‐oxime isomers, PM3 semiempirical quantum‐mechanic calculations were discussed and the calculations indicated a lower heat of formation for (E)‐isomers.
New Diterpenoid Alkaloids from Aconitum recemulosumFranch.
Authors: Ge Yong‐Hui , Mu Shu‐Zhen , Yang Shi‐Ying , Lu Yang , Zhang Jian‐Xin , Wang Ye , Hao Xiao‐Jiang 
Published: September 2009

AbstractTwo new diterpenoid alkaloids, racemulosines A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the roots of Aconitum racemulosum Franch. The structures of the new alkaloids were elucidated by analysis of physical and spectroscopic data, and the structure of 1 was further confirmed by a single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. Furthermore, compound 1, at 2.25⋅10−4 mol/l, showed moderate activity against platelet aggregation induced by PAF (platelet‐activation factor).
Stereoselective Total Synthesis of Xestodecalactone C
Authors: Rajesh Karuturi , Suresh Vangaru , Selvam Jondoss Jon Paul , Bhujanga Rao Chitturi , Venkateswarlu Yenamandra 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA simple and highly efficient stereoselective total synthesis of xestodecalactone C (IIb), a polyketide natural product, was achieved (Scheme 2). The synthesis involved Keck's asymmetric allylation, a iodine‐induced electrophilic cyclization, and an intramolecular Friedel–Crafts acylation as key steps.
Halogenated Sesquiterpenes from the Marine Red Alga Laurencia saitoi (Rhodomelaceae)
Authors: Ji Nai‐Yun , Li Xiao‐Ming , Li Ke , Wang Bin‐Gui 
Published: September 2009

AbstractFour new halogenated sesquiterpenes, 10‐bromo‐3‐chloro‐2,7‐epoxychamigr‐9‐en‐8α‐ol (1), 2,10β‐dibromochamigra‐2,7‐dien‐9α‐ol (2), (9S)‐2‐bromo‐3‐chloro‐6,9‐epoxybisabola‐7(14),10‐diene (3), and (9R)‐2‐bromo‐3‐chloro‐6,9‐epoxybisabola‐7(14),10‐diene (4), were characterized from the marine red alga Laurencia saitoi. In addition, two known halosesquiterpenes, 2,10‐dibromo‐3‐chlorochamigr‐7‐en‐9α‐ol (5) and isolaurenisol (6), were also isolated and identified. Their structures were established on the basis of extensive analysis of spectroscopic data.
A Stereoselective Total Synthesis of Verbalactone
Authors: Das Biswanath , Laxminarayana Keetha , Krishnaiah Martha , Kumar Duddukuri Nandan 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA stereoselective total synthesis of verbalactone has been achieved starting from commercially available hexanal. The sequence involves Maruoka allylation, diastereoselective iodine‐induced electrophillic cyclization, ring opening of epoxide, and Yamaguchi macrolactonization as the key steps.
Conomicidines A and B, Unusual Alkaloid–Hydroxycinnamyl Alcohol Conjugates from Tabernaemontana corymbosa
Authors: Lim Kuan‐Hon , Kam Toh‐Seok 
Published: September 2009

AbstractConomicidines A and B (1a and 2a, resp.) together with the diastereomeric isoconomicidines A and B (1b and 2b, resp.) were isolated from Tabernaemontana corymbosa as unresolvable mixtures of the (1′S,2′S)‐ and (1′R,2′R)‐diastereoisomers (i.e., 1a and 1b; 2a and 2b). These novel natural products are constituted from the union of an iboga alkaloid, ibogaine, and hydroxycinnamyl alcohol moieties, and represent the first examples of such alkaloid–hydroxycinnamyl alcohol conjugates. The structures were determined by spectroscopic methods, including the extensive use of NOE experiments for the assignment of the configuration.
Preparation of N‐Fmoc‐Protected (S)‐5‐Amino‐4,4‐difluoro‐7‐methyloctanoic Acid, a Possible Dipeptide Isostere
Authors: Deniau Gildas , Seebach Dieter 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe title compound 1 was prepared from L‐leucine. The key steps include a Grignard addition to Bn2‐leucinal, a CO/CF2 replacement with Et2NSF3 (DAST) and use of a Ph group as synthetic equivalent of a COOH group. The difluoro‐δ‐amino acid 1 was incorporated into a peptide 8; tests with various proteases showed no inhibition by this particular peptide.
Inner flow behavior in an oscillating liquid droplet
Authors: Lin Zhiyong , Peng Xiaofeng 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA numerical simulation was conducted to investigate the inner flow in an oscillating liquid droplet. A 2D model was proposed to describe the interfacial and inner flow of oscillating droplets with shear stress induced by outside air flow. The 2D inner flow field was reconstructed to explore the liquid flow velocity and pressure profile and better understand the oscillating mechanisms. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20274
Systematic analysis of interference due to stutter in estimating chimerism following hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Thyagarajan Bharat , Young Shawn , Floodman Stacy , Peterson Randolph , Wang Xinjing 
Published: September 2009

AbstractStutter formed during amplification of short tandem repeats (STRs) interfere with accurate engraftment monitoring following hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). We describe a mathematical approach to minimize the contribution of stutter when estimating chimerism following HCT. Pretransplant DNA samples from 409 donors and recipients were used to define marker‐specific stutter cut‐off values for all makers used in the AMPFℓSTR Profiler Plus amplification kit. Mock chimerism samples (5, 20, and 50%) were used to evaluate the contribution of stutter in estimating chimerism. Three markers, vWA, D13S317, and D18S51, had overlapping stutter in the mock chimerism samples. Only D18S51 had stutter from a shared allele, whereas the other two markers had stutter from nonshared alleles. Without adjustment for stutter, D18S51 showed a 8, 6, and 4% difference from expected chimerism values (5, 20, and 50%) and after adjusting for laboratory‐defined marker‐specific stutter cut‐offs the corresponding difference from expected chimerism values was 1, 0, and 0%. Difference from expected chimerism values in the vWa and D13S317 markers were similar before and after adjustment of stutter. Adjustment for stutter from shared alleles may improve accuracy of estimated chimerism. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 23:308–313, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Socio‐economic and other correlates of Kaposi sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus seroprevalence among older adults in Sicily
Authors: Pelser Colleen , Vitale Francesco , Whitby Denise , Graubard Barry I. , Messina Angelo , Gafà Lorenzo , Brown Elizabeth E. , Anderson Lesley A. , Romano Nino , Lauria Carmela , Goedert James J. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe virus that causes Kaposi sarcoma, KS‐associated herpesvirus (KSHV, also known as human herpesvirus 8) has an unusual distribution and poorly characterized modes of transmission. To clarify these issues, socio‐demographic correlates of KSHV seroprevalence were examined in a population‐based study. In 1,154 randomly sampled adults (aged 32– 92, mean 71 years) throughout Sicily, KSHV antibodies were detected with four assays and a conservative algorithm. Seroprevalence was re‐weighted to the population. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (OR, CI) from multivariate logistic regression were used to estimate associations of seroprevalence with interview data. KSHV seroprevalence was 8.5%, including 5.3% among men (N = 848) and 11.5% among women (N = 306, P = 0.22). Seroprevalence was higher with residence in a smaller community during childhood (Ptrend = 0.03) and working with plants/soil during adulthood (OR 2.9, CI 1.1–7.9); these were especially strong among women. Among men, seroprevalence was significantly associated with lower education (OR 2.6, CI 1.1–5.9) and migration to a larger community (OR 0.3, CI 0.1–0.9). Other demographic and household variables were unrelated to seroprevalence. From these data, KSHV in Sicily appears to be related to low socio‐economic status, but micro‐endemicity in small communities cannot be excluded. J. Med. Virol. 81:1938–1944, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diversity of hepatitis B and C viruses in Chile
Authors: Di Lello Federico A. , Piñeiro y Leone Flavia G. , Muñoz Gabriela , Campos Rodolfo H. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAlthough there is a low prevalence rate (around 1% of the population) of infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in Chile, little is known about the diversity and molecular characteristics of the circulating viruses. In the present study, 40 HBV and 57 HCV samples from Santiago City, Chile, were examined. The phylogenetic analysis of HBV samples showed the autochthonous genotype F as the most represented genotype in the study (67.5%), while genotypes A, B, C, and D were less frequent (7.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 12.5%, respectively). The frequency of circulation of HBV genotypes observed is in accordance with the genetic background of the Chilean population. Most of the HCV samples tested belonged to subtype 1b (82%). The coalescent analysis conducted for both the NS5A and NS5B regions of the HCV strains showed similar population growth rates, with a most recent common ancestor estimated to date between 1893 and 1901. This result may indicate that genotype 1b strains circulating in Chile have epidemiological features similar to those described for HCV genotype 1b in Brazil and the United States. However, the most recent common ancestor for Chile is older than that reported recently for genotype 1b in Argentina. J. Med. Virol. 81:1887–1894, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of Merkel cell polyomavirus in Merkel cell carcinoma and Kaposi's sarcoma
Authors: Katano Harutaka , Ito Hideki , Suzuki Yoshio , Nakamura Tomoyuki , Sato Yuko , Tsuji Takahiro , Matsuo Koma , Nakagawa Hidemi , Sata Tetsutaro 
Published: September 2009

AbstractMerkel cell carcinoma is a rare malignancy that sometimes occurs in the skin of elderly people. Recently, a new human polyomavirus, Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) was identified in Merkel cell carcinoma. In the present study, MCPyV‐DNA was detected in 6 of 11 (55%) cases of Merkel cell carcinoma by nested PCR and real‐time PCR. Histologically, MCPyV‐positive cases showed round and vesicular nuclei with a fine granular chromatin and small nucleoli, whereas MCPyV‐negative cases showed polygonal nuclei with diffusely distributed chromatin. Real‐time PCR analysis to detect the MCPyV gene revealed that viral copy numbers ranged 0.04–0.43 per cell in cases of Merkel cell carcinoma. MCPyV was also detected in 3 of 49 (6.1%) cases of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), but not in 192 DNA samples of other diseases including 142 autopsy samples from 20 immunodeficient patients. The MCPyV copy number in KS was lower than that in Merkel cell carcinoma. PCR successfully amplified a full‐length MCPyV genome from a case of KS. Sequence analysis revealed that the MCPyV isolated from KS had 98% homology to the previously reported MCPyV genomes. These data suggest that the prevalence of MCPyV is low in Japan, and is at least partly associated with the pathogenesis of Merkel cell carcinoma. J. Med. Virol. 81:1951–1958, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence of diarrhea viruses in hospitalized children in Hong Kong in 2008
Authors: Li Cheryl S.Y. , Chan Paul K.S. , Tang Julian W. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA total of 209 stool samples were collected from pediatric patients admitted for acute gastroenteritis in a hospital in Hong Kong, during an 8‐month period from January to August 2008, and were tested for the presence of rotavirus, norovirus, sapovirus, adenovirus, and astrovirus using a multiplex RT‐PCR assay. The most common virus was rotavirus group A (59 of 209, 28%, mainly serotypes G1, G2, G3, and G9), followed by norovirus group II (48 of 209, 23%), adenovirus (7 of 209, 3%, serotypes 2, 3, and 41), and sapovirus (2 of 209, 1%). Interestingly, none of the specimens in this study were positive for astrovirus. One sample was found to have a dual infection with both norovirus group II and adenovirus. The results support the importance of norovirus as a causative agent of diarrhea in children, which may be underestimated by the current routine diagnostic testing. J. Med. Virol. 81:1903–1911, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of group B rotavirus in an adult with acute gastroenteritis in Yangon, Myanmar
Authors: Aung Tin Sabai , Kobayashi Nobumichi , Nagashima Shigeo , Ghosh Souvik , Aung Meiji Soe , Oo Khin Yi , Win Ne 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIn Yangon, Myanmar, a human group B rotavirus was first detected in 2007 in a stool specimen from a sporadic case of acute gastroenteritis in an adult. The strain was designated as MMR‐B1. The full‐length sequences of the MMR‐B1 genes encoding VP7, VP4 (VP5* and VP8*), VP6, and NSP4 were determined for genetic characterization. These four MMR‐B1 genes showed considerable higher sequence identities (97.2–98.4%) to those of group B rotaviruses detected in India (CAL‐1 in 1998) and Bangladesh (Bang373 and Bang544 in 2000 and 2001, respectively) than to those of Chinese strains (90.7–93.6%) (ADRV and WH‐1 in 1982 and 2002, respectively). Phylogenetically, the four genes of MMR‐B1 were clustered into the Indian–Bangladeshi lineage. Although the deduced amino acid sequences of MMR‐B1 were similar to those of strains CAL‐1 and Bang373, several amino acids in VP8* were found to be different from those of the group B rotaviruses described previously. The first detection in Myanmar of a human group B rotavirus suggested endemic distribution or expansion of the group B rotavirus of the Indian–Bangladeshi lineage in Southeast Asia. J. Med. Virol. 81:1968–1974, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improved detection of JC virus in AIDS patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy by T‐antigen specific fluorescence resonance energy transfer hybridization probe real‐time PCR: Evidence of diverse JC virus genotypes associated with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in Southern Africa
Authors: Glass Allison J. , Venter Marietjie 
Published: September 2009

AbstractJC virus (JCV) causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy under conditions of immunosuppression, especially associated with HIV. Despite the high prevalence of HIV‐1 infection, few cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy have been reported and only a small number of JCV strains have been characterized in AIDS patients in Southern Africa. Diagnosis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy through PCR detection of JCV DNA in CSF may result in false negative results if variable regions of the genome are targeted. Characterization of circulating JCV genotypes in Southern Africa may assist with designing appropriate diagnostic assays and characterizing the molecular epidemiology of JCV in African AIDS patients. In this study, a new real‐time PCR using fluorescence resonance energy transfer hybridization probes targeting the conserved large T‐antigen was developed and compared to a conventional nested PCR targeting the variable VP1 region. Validation against known JCV positive specimens confirmed its specificity while amplification of a serial dilution of JCV control DNA suggests that the new real‐time PCR can detect lower concentrations of JCV than the VP1 nested PCR. Investigation of CSF specimens from 44 suspected progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy patients suggest that the new assay is more sensitive being able to detect JCV in 12 specimens versus 5 specimens with the VP1 nested PCR. Sequence analysis confirmed that the T‐antigen region is completely conserved while phylogenetic analysis of the five VP1 products identified two genotype 3, one genotype 1 and two genotype 4 strains, the latter two identified for the first time in South African AIDS patients. J. Med. Virol. 81:1929–1937, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relationship of Th1/Th2 cell balance with the immune response to influenza vaccine during pregnancy
Authors: Yamaguchi Koushi , Hisano Michi , Isojima Sakiko , Irie Seiko , Arata Naoko , Watanabe Noriyoshi , Kubo Takahiko , Kato Tatsuo , Murashima Atsuko 
Published: September 2009

AbstractTo determine the optimal timing for influenza vaccination in pregnant women, we measured alterations in the types 1 and 2 T helper cell (Th1/Th2) balance during pregnancy, monitored specific immunity to inoculated antigens after vaccination with inactivated influenza vaccine, evaluated the relevance of the Th1/Th2 ratio and immune responses to the vaccination, monitored the maintenance of high antibody titers until delivery and measured the transplacental antibody transfer rate. No significant alterations of the Th1/Th2 balance were noted in the 65% of pregnant women among whom the Th1/Th2 ratio was lower than 9.9% in the first trimester. In those groups with a ratio higher than 10% in the first trimester, there was a tendency for the ratio to decrease as gestation advanced. The efficiency of immunization was not influenced by the Th1/Th2 status or by the stage of gestation. The antibody titer decreased steadily with time from 1 month after vaccination to the time of delivery. Conversely, the transfer rate of antibodies from maternal to fetal blood at the time of delivery increased with the duration of gestation after vaccination. Nevertheless, the antibody titers in both maternal and fetal blood were sufficient to afford protection against infection. Thus, efficient influenza vaccination can be undertaken at any stage of pregnancy. J. Med. Virol. 81:1923–1928, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Matrigel supports survival and neuronal differentiation of grafted embryonic stem cell‐derived neural precursor cells
Authors: Uemura Makoto , Refaat Mohamed M. , Shinoyama Mizuya , Hayashi Hideki , Hashimoto Nobuo , Takahashi Jun 
Published: September 2009

AbstractCell replacement therapy holds great promise as a means of treating neurological disorders, including Parkinson's disease. However, one of the major obstacles to the success of this treatment is the low survival rate of grafted cells, which probably results from mechanical damage, acute inflammation, and immunological rejection. To overcome this problem, we investigated the effect of different types of extracellular matrix (ECM) on the survival and differentiation of embryonic stem (ES) cell‐derived neural precursor cells (NPCs). We tested materials from natural sources, including collagen, ornithine/laminin, and growth factor‐reduced Matrigel (gfrMG), as well as the synthetic biomaterial PuraMatrix, which consists of self‐assembling polypeptides. GfrMG efficiently supported cell survival, migration, and neurite outgrowth in vitro and promoted proliferation of grafted cells in vivo, resulting in larger graft volume and an increase in the number of TH‐positive dopaminergic neurons in the graft. GfrMG did not induce dopaminergic differentiation directly; rather, it reduced the invasion of pan‐leukocytic CD45‐positive cells into the graft. Insofar as the inflammatory or immune response in the host brain inhibits neuronal differentiation of grafted NPCs, gfrMG may increase the number of TH‐positive cells by suppressing this effect. Thus, gfrMG appears to provide a suitable scaffold that supports survival and differentiation of NPCs. However, because it is derived from mouse sarcomas, a human‐derived matrix or synthetic biomaterial must be developed for clinical applications. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Roles of astrocytes and microglia in seizure‐induced aberrant neurogenesis in the hippocampus of adult rats
Authors: Yang Fang , Liu Zhi‐Rong , Chen Jing , Zhang Shi‐Jun , Quan Qing‐Yun , Huang Yuan‐Gui , Jiang Wen 
Published: September 2009

AbstractRecent evidence showed that epileptic seizures increase hippocampal neurogenesis in the adult rat, but prolonged seizures result in the aberrant hippocampal neurogenesis that often leads to a recurrent excitatory circuitry and thus contributes to epileptogenesis. However, the mechanism underlying the aberrant neurogenesis after prolonged seizures remains largely unclear. In this study, we examined the role of activated astrocytes and microglia in the aberrant hippocampal neurogenesis induced by status epilepticus. Using a lithium‐pilocarpine model to mimic human temporal lobe epilepsy, we found that status epilepticus induced a prominent activation of astrocytes and microglia in the dentate gyrus 3, 7, 14, and 20 days after the initial seizures. Then, we injected fluorocitrate stereotaxicly into the dentate hilus to inhibit astrocytic metabolism and found that fluorocitrate failed to prevent the seizure‐induced formation of ectopic hilar basal dendrites but instead promoted the degeneration of dentate granule cells after seizures. In contrast, a selective inhibitor of microglia activation, minocycline, inhibited the aberrant migration of newborn neurons at 14 days after status epilepticus. Furthermore, with stereotaxic injection of lipopolysaccharide into the intact dentate hilus to activate local microglia, we found that lipopolysaccharide promoted the development of ectopic hilar basal dendrites in the hippocampus. These results indicate that the activated microglia in the epileptic hilus may guide the aberrant migration of newborn neurons and that minocycline could be a potential drug to impede seizure‐induced aberrant migration of newborn neurons. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Early continuous white noise exposure alters l‐α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazole propionic acid receptor subunit glutamate receptor 2 and γ‐aminobutyric acid type a receptor subunit β3 protein expression in rat auditory cortex
Authors: Xu Jinghong , Yu Liping , Zhang Jiping , Cai Rui , Sun Xinde 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAuditory experience during the postnatal critical period is essential for the normal maturation of auditory function. Previous studies have shown that rearing infant rat pups under conditions of continuous moderate‐level noise delayed the emergence of adult‐like topographic representational order and the refinement of response selectivity in the primary auditory cortex (A1) beyond normal developmental benchmarks and indefinitely blocked the closure of a brief, critical‐period window. To gain insight into the molecular mechanisms of these physiological changes after noise rearing, we studied expression of the AMPA receptor subunit GluR2 and GABAA receptor subunit β3 in the auditory cortex after noise rearing. Our results show that continuous moderate‐level noise rearing during the early stages of development decreases the expression levels of GluR2 and GABAAβ3. Furthermore, noise rearing also induced a significant decrease in the level of GABAA receptors relative to AMPA receptors. However, in adult rats, noise rearing did not have significant effects on GluR2 and GABAAβ3 expression or the ratio between the two units. These changes could have a role in the cellular mechanisms involved in the delayed maturation of auditory receptive field structure and topographic organization of A1 after noise rearing. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.