bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Center‐out radial sampling with off‐resonant reconstruction for efficient and accurate localization of punctate and elongated paramagnetic structures
Authors: de Leeuw H. , Seevinck P. R. , Bakker C. J. G. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAccurate localization of interventional devices, for example, needles and brachytherapy seeds, is desired for interventional procedures. MRI is usually considered unsuitable for this purpose, as the induced signal voids and signal pile‐ups do not necessarily represent the exact location of the devices. Center‐out radial sampling with off‐resonance reception (co‐RASOR) has been shown to solve this problem by repositioning the signal pile‐up into the geometrical center of the interventional devices. However, the multiple acquisitions required for co‐RASOR resulted in a low efficiency and unsuitability for near real‐time interventional purposes. Herein, we aim to increase the efficiency of co‐RASOR by relying on multiple off‐resonance reconstructions of a single acquisition rather than on multiple acquisitions. The soundness of this approach is shown by demonstrating the equivalence of acquisition co‐RASOR and reconstruction co‐RASOR, both theoretically and experimentally. An algorithm is proposed and evaluated to obtain the geometric centers of the devices, while suppressing the background. This procedure is shown to be effective, in vitro as well as ex vivo, and to yield signal intensity increases in the order of 150–400% of the average signal, in the geometric center of a brachytherapy seed and a needle, respectively. The geometric accuracy of the resultant images is confirmed by computed tomography. Magn Reson Med, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cardiac screening investigations in adult‐onset progressive external ophthalmoplegia patients
Authors: Pfeffer Gerald , Mezei Michelle M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIntroduction: Patients with mitochondrial myopathies may develop cardiac complications such as cardiomyopathy and/or cardiac conduction defects. To identify these potentially life‐threatening and treatable conditions, it is common practice to screen patients intermittently with electrocardiography and echocardiography. The optimal time interval for such screening investigations is unknown. We developed this study to review our screening results in adult‐onset patients with progressive external ophthalmoplegia (PEO). Methods: This study was a retrospective review of PEO patients with 5 years or more of cardiac screening investigations who did not have any cardiac symptoms. Results: Fifteen patients were included, and cardiomyopathy was identified on screening echocardiogram in 1 patient. Four patients had other abnormalities identified, which were unrelated to their mitochondrial myopathy. Conclusions: Only 1 patient in 15 developed cardiac complications related to mitochondrial disease during 5 years of follow‐up. We suggest that a screening interval of 3–5 years is probably appropriate for adult‐onset PEO patients who do not have cardiac symptoms. Muscle Nerve 60: 608–611, 2012
Weakest‐link attacker‐defender games with multiple attack technologies
Authors: Arce Daniel G. , Kovenock Dan , Roberson Brian 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn this article, we examine a model of terrorism that focuses on the tradeoffs facing a terrorist organization that has two qualitatively different attack modes at its disposal. The terrorist organization's objective is to successfully attack at least one target. Success for the target government is defined as defending all targets from any and all attacks. In this context, we examine how terrorist entities strategically utilize an efficient but discrete attack technology — e.g., suicide attacks — when a more conventional mode of attack is available, and the optimal anti‐terrorism measures.© 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2012
An iterative method based on equation decomposition for the fourth‐order singular perturbation problem
Authors: Han Houde , Huang Zhongyi , Zhang Shangyou 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn this article, we propose an iterative method based on the equation decomposition technique (1) for the numerical solution of a singular perturbation problem of fourth‐order elliptic equation. At each step of the given method, we only need to solve a boundary value problem of second‐order elliptic equation and a second‐order singular perturbation problem. We prove that our approximate solution converges to the exact solution when the domain is a disc. Our numerical examples show the efficiency and accuracy of our method. Our iterative method works very well for singular perturbation problems, that is, the case of 0 < ε ≪ 1, and the convergence rate is very fast. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2013
Adaptive characteristic finite element approximation of convection–diffusion optimal control problems
Authors: Fu Hongfei , Rui Hongxing 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn this article, a characteristic finite element approximation of quadratic optimal control problems governed by linear convection–diffusion equations is given. We derive some a posteriori error estimates for both the control and the state approximations, where the control variable is constrained by pointwise inequality. The derived error estimators are then used as an error indicator to guide the mesh refinement. In this sense, they are very important in developing adaptive finite element algorithm for the optimal control problems. Finally, a numerical example is given to validate the efficiency and reliability of the theoretical results. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2013
An integrated functional genomics approach identifies the regulatory network directed by brachyury (T) in chordoma
Authors: Nelson Andrew C , Pillay Nischalan , Henderson Stephen , Presneau Nadège , Tirabosco Roberto , Halai Dina , Berisha Fitim , Flicek Paul , Stemple Derek L , Stern Claudio D , Wardle Fiona C , Flanagan Adrienne M 
Published: July 2012

AbstractChordoma is a rare malignant tumour of bone, the molecular marker of which is the expression of the transcription factor, brachyury. Having recently demonstrated that silencing brachyury induces growth arrest in a chordoma cell line, we now seek to identify its downstream target genes. Here we use an integrated functional genomics approach involving shRNA‐mediated brachyury knockdown, gene expression microarray, ChIP‐seq experiments, and bioinformatics analysis to achieve this goal. We confirm that the T‐box binding motif of human brachyury is identical to that found in mouse, Xenopus, and zebrafish development, and that brachyury acts primarily as an activator of transcription. Using human chordoma samples for validation purposes, we show that brachyury binds 99 direct targets and indirectly influences the expression of 64 other genes, thereby acting as a master regulator of an elaborate oncogenic transcriptional network encompassing diverse signalling pathways including components of the cell cycle, and extracellular matrix components. Given the wide repertoire of its active binding and the relative specific localization of brachyury to the tumour cells, we propose that an RNA interference‐based gene therapy approach is a plausible therapeutic avenue worthy of investigation. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detection rates of clinically significant genomic alterations by microarray analysis for specific anomalies detected by ultrasound
Authors: Shaffer Lisa G. , Rosenfeld Jill A. , Dabell Mindy P. , Coppinger Justine , Bandholz Anne M. , Ellison Jay W. , Ravnan J. Britt , Torchia Beth S. , Ballif Blake C. , Fisher Allan J. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe aim of this study is to understand the diagnostic utility of comparative genomic hybridization (CGH)‐based microarrays for pregnancies with abnormal ultrasound findings.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of 2858 pregnancies with abnormal ultrasounds and normal karyotypes (when performed) tested in our laboratory using CGH microarrays targeted to known chromosomal syndromes with later versions providing backbone coverage of the entire genome. Abnormalities were stratified according to organ system involvement. Detection rates for clinically significant findings among these categories were calculated.ResultsClinically significant genomic alterations were identified in cases with a single ultrasound anomaly (n = 99/1773, 5.6%), anomalies in two or more organ systems (n = 77/808, 9.5%), isolated growth abnormalities (n = 2/76, 2.6%), and soft markers (n = 2/77, 2.6%). The following anomalies in isolation or with additional anomalies had particularly high detection rates: holoprosencephaly (n = 9/85, 10.6%), posterior fossa defects (n = 21/144, 14.6%), skeletal anomalies (n = 15/140, 10.7%), ventricular septal defect (n = 14/132, 10.6%), hypoplastic left heart (n = 11/68, 16.2%), and cleft lip/palate (n = 14/136, 10.3%).ConclusionsMicroarray analysis identified clinically significant genomic alterations in 6.5% of cases with one or more abnormal ultrasound findings; the majority were below the resolution of karyotyping. Larger data sets such as this allow for sub‐stratification by specific anomalies to determine risks for genomic alterations detectable by microarray analysis. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental improvement of preparation of acrylic acid‐modified middle deacetylated chitosan and its application in absorbing paraquat
Authors: Hsu Shih‐Tong , Chen Lung‐Chuan , Leu Min‐Her , Hsiao Wen‐Feng , Lee Wen‐Ya , Pan Ting‐Chung 
Published: July 2012

AbstractChitosan with 45% deacetylation (CS45) grafted poly (acrylic acid) (CS45‐g‐PAA) was synthesized and characterized as an adsorbent of paraquat. CS45‐g‐PAA copolymers were prepared using H2O2(aq) as an initiator and NH4OH(aq) as a promoter. The highest grafting percentage of 44.2% was obtained using the traditional kinetic method. However, a maximum grafting percentage of 52.6% was calculated for the central composite design (CCD). Experimental results based on the reaction conditions that were predicted from the CCD are consistent with theoretical calculations. The grafted copolymer was characterized by FTIR, BET, and SEM. A representative CS45‐g‐PAA copolymer was hydrolyzed to a salt type (CS45‐g‐PANa) and used in the adsorption of paraquat. The adsorption equilibrium data correlate more closely with the Langmuir isotherm than with the Freundlich equation. The maximum adsorption capacity of CS45‐g‐PANa is 396.7 mg/g‐adsorbent. This value clearly exceeds that of Fuller's earth and the activated carbon which is the most commonly used binding agent for paraquat. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Synthesis and characterization of novel poly(butylene succinate)‐based copolyesters designed as potential candidates for soft tissue engineering
Authors: Gigli Matteo , Lotti Nadia , Gazzano Massimo , Finelli Lara , Munari Andrea 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPoly(butylene succinate/diglycolate) copolymers by reactive blending were subjected to molecular and solid‐state characterization to study the effects of transesterification reactions. 13C‐nuclear magnetic resonance analysis evidenced the formation of block copolymers. Thermal measurements showed that all the samples were semicrystalline, with a soft amorphous phase and a rigid crystal phase. Wide‐angle x‐ray diffraction measurements indicated that the copolymers are characterized by cocrystallization. The mechanical properties were found related to crystallinity degree. The random copolymer, characterized by the lowest crystallinity degree, exhibits the lowest elastic modulus and the highest deformation at break. Therefore, solid‐state properties of poly(butylene succinate/diglycolate) copolymers can be tailored by acting on the molecular architecture. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Various polycarbonate graft copolymers via diels–alder click reaction
Authors: Dag Aydan , Aydin Mehtap , Durmaz Hakan , Hizal Gurkan , Tunca Umit 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn this work, we used Diels–Alder click reaction for the preparation of various types of aliphatic polycarbonates (PCs). We first prepared a novel anthracene‐functionalized cyclic carbonate monomer, anthracen‐9‐ylmethyl 5‐methyl‐2‐oxo‐1,3‐dioxane‐5‐carboxylate (2), followed by ring‐opening polymerization of this monomer to prepare PC with pendant anthracene groups (PC‐anthracene) using 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU)/1‐(3,5‐bis(trifloromethyl)phenyl)‐3‐cyclohexylthiourea (TU) as the catalyst and benzyl alcohol as the initiator in CH2Cl2 at room temperature. Subsequently, the resulting PC‐anthracene (Mn,TDGPC = 6000 g/mol, Mw/Mn = 1.22) was grafted with a linear α‐furan protected‐maleimide terminated‐poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA‐MI) (Mn,GPC = 3100 g/mol, Mw/Mn = 1.31), or poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG‐MI) (Mn,GPC = 550 g/mol, Mw/Mn = 1.09), or a mixture of PMMA‐MI and PEG‐MI to yield well‐defined PC graft or hetero graft copolymers, PC‐g‐PMMA (Mn,TDGPC = 59000 g/mol, Mw/Mn = 1.22) or PC‐g‐PEG, or PC‐g‐(PMMA)‐co‐PC‐g‐(PEG) (Mn,TDGPC = 39900 g/mol, Mw/Mn = 1.16), respectively, using Diels–Alder click reaction in toluene at 110°C. The Diels–Alder grafting efficiencies were found to be over 97% using UV spectroscopy. Moreover, the structural analyses and the molecular weights of resulting graft copolymers were determined via 1H NMR and triple detection GPC (TD‐GPC), respectively. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Particle and breath figure formation of triblock copolymers having self‐complementary hydrogen‐bonding units
Authors: Park Nojin , Seo Myungeun , Kim Sang Youl 
Published: July 2012

AbstractNovel triblock copolymers having self‐complementary hydrogen‐bonding units were synthesized by using reversible addition–fragmentation transfer polymerization. As characterized by dynamic light scattering and atomic force microscopy, these polymers formed noncovalently crosslinked polymer particles and showed an aggregation behavior by intermolecular and intramolecular interactions. At low concentration, polymers formed nanoparticles, and the particle diameter increased with increasing polymer concentration. Well‐ordered hexagonal microstructures were prepared by “Breath Figure” technique with the triblock copolymers. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Affective state and cognitive functioning in patients with intracranial tumors: validity of the neuropsychological baseline assessment
Authors: Goebel Simone , Kaup Lea , Wiesner Christian D. , Mehdorn H. Maximilian 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between the affective and cognitive states of neurooncological patients prior to the neurosurgical treatment to assess associations between distress levels and neuropsychological test performance in this sample and setting.MethodsThe prospective study population consists of 172 patients. Patients were studied preoperatively with a comprehensive test battery consisting of a variety of affective and cognitive measures. Psychological instruments included the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale, and the Acute Stress Disorder Scale.ResultsFactor analysis revealed two factors representing subjective affective functioning: whereas one reflects the patients' more general emotional state (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Acute Stress Disorder Scale), the second reflects anxiety specifically related to the neurosurgical procedure (Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale). After age and education have been accounted for via linear regression analyses, affect did not contribute to cognitive performance in any of the cognitive domains in the whole patient sample. However, in patients with extreme levels of psychiatric morbidity, there was evidence for distinct cognitive morbidity consistent with previous research.ConclusionsOur results suggest that, for a large variety of widely used neuropsychological measures and for most neurooncological patients, the preoperative neuropsychological baseline assessment can be considered valid and dependable. In patients with extreme levels of distress, however, distinct cognitive domains might be differentially affected. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NH2 and NH Surface Production in Pulsed NH3 Plasmas on TiO2: A Steady‐State Probe of Short Pulse Plasmas
Authors: Pulsipher Daniel J. V. , Fisher Ellen R. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractUnderstanding the gas‐phase and surface chemistry of NHx species in pulsed NH3 plasmas can lead to optimized plasma conditions for nitriding metal oxide surfaces such as TiO2. Gas‐phase densities and surface reactions of NH and NH2 in pulsed NH3 plasmas used to nitride TiO2 surfaces were explored by systematically varying peak plasma power and pulsing duty cycle. Results from laser induced fluorescence and optical emission spectroscopy studies reveal interconnected trends of gas‐phase densities and surface reactions. Divergent trends in NH, NH2 Hα, Hγ, N, and N densities found in short pulse plasmas are explained by plasma pulse initiation and afterglow effects. NH2 and NH surface scatter coefficients were measured with the imaging of radicals interacting with surfaces technique as a function of plasma parameters, including pulse sequence. Results show NHx species primarily scatter off of TiO2 and are correlated to NH gas phase densities. magnified image
Size and quality control of fast grown CdS quantum dots
Authors: Fregnaux Mathieu , Dalmasso Stéphane , Gaumet Jean‐Jacques , Laurenti Jean‐Pierre 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe synthesis of high quality II‐VI semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) is fundamental for developing new devices in several applications such as biomarkers, solar cells or blue‐UV lasers. These emerging technologies are funded on the size‐dependent optical properties of the QDs. Consequently, it is a crucial aspect to get insight into different ways for syntheses of their nanosized particles. In this work, we use two different QD elaboration methods: (i) a single source precursor thermal growth methodology and (ii) a microwave synthetic route. Using both protocols, high quality small QDs (Ø < 5 nm) are produced. Both growing techniques offer the advantage to be simple and fast: 2 hours (i) and less than 25 minutes (ii) in duration, growth temperatures do not exceed 280 °C. For both elaboration procedures, we report a unique physics/chemistry cross‐disciplinary study on these small size QDs: mass spectrometry (MS) technique provides background data about composition, size and stability of particles; crystalline structure and size distribution of the QDs are obtained from X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM); room temperature (RT) optical spectrometry of nanodispersions – photoluminescence (PL) and absorption – reveals quantum size effects. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A Homochiral Metal‐Dipeptide Supramolecular Framework Including a Hydrogen‐bonded Guest Network of Water and Uncoordinated 4, 4′‐Bipyridine
Authors: Lou Benyong , Huang Xiaodong 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAbstract. The self‐assembly of glycyl‐L‐leucine, Cu(NO3)2·3H2O and 4, 4′‐bipyridine resulted in the tetranuclear‐based metal‐dipeptide supramolecular framework [Cu4(C8H14N2O3)4(H2O)2(C10H8N2)2]·(C10H8N2)·13H2O (1). In the structure, the 4, 4′‐bipyridine‐bridged tetranuclear complex of CuII‐glycyl‐L‐leucine interacts with each other to form a 1D hydrogen‐bonded chain including uncoordinated 4, 4′‐bipyridine and an interesting water chain in different channels. Under similar reaction conditions, racemic glycyl‐D,L‐leucine gave rise to the centrosymmetric dinuclear complex [Cu2(C8H14N2O3)2(C10H8N2)]·2H2O (2), which is linked into a 2D hydrogen‐bonded structure without 4, 4′‐bipyridine included.
Crystal Structure and Electronic Structure of Red SnO
Authors: Köhler Jürgen , Tong Jianwei , Dinnebier Robert , Simon Arndt 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPigeon blood red powder samples of SnO were synthesized via a soft chemistry route. A precipitate was obtained from a freshly prepared SnCl2 solution containing phosphorus acid by adding ammonia until a pH value of 4.9 is reached. Heating of the mixture at 95 °C leads after 5 d to microcrystalline powders of red SnO. The crystal structure was solved and refined from X‐ray powder diffraction data (Cmc21; a = 5.0045(3) Å, b = 5.7457(3) Å, c = 11.0485(5) Å, Z = 8). Red SnO crystallizes in a new structure type. Characteristic building units are double layers of tin and oxygen atoms. The tin atoms are surrounded by four oxygen atoms with distances ranging from 2.04 Å to 2.67 Å, and the highly asymmetric coordination around the Sn2+ ions indicates the presence of a stereochemically active lone pair. LMTO band structure calculations show that the red modification of SnO is an insulator. The electronic structures of red SnO and the zero band gap semiconductor black SnO are compared. The lone pairs of the tin atoms are visualized via the electron localization function.
Robust preparative-scale extracellular production of hirudin in Escherichia coli and its purification and characterization
Authors: Huang Cuicui , Zhang Xuerui , Qu Jia , Zhang Ping , Tan Shuhua 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Hirudin variant III (HV3) is potentially useful in the prevention and treatment of cataracts. To prepare sufficient amounts of rHV3 for further preclinical studies, we developed an effective process for robust preparative-scale extracellular production of rHV3 in Escherichia coli. In a 7-l bioreactor, under the optimal fed-batch fermentation conditions, rHV3 was excreted into the culture supernatant and yielded up to 915 mg l−1. Then, a four-step purification procedure was applied to the product, which included ultrafiltration, hydrophobic chromatography, anion-exchange chromatography, and preparative reversed-phase fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC). The overall maximum recovery attained was 56 %, the purity reached at least 99 % as evaluated by HPLC analysis, the molecular weight was determined to be 7,011.10 Da by matrix-assisted laser-desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) analysis, and the pI was 4.46 as analyzed by isoelectric focusing. The N- and C-terminal sequence analysis confirmed the product homogeneity. The final product contained at most 10 pg of residual DNA per dose (0.2 mg) of rHV3 by high-sensitivity hybridization assay and at most 3 EU endotoxin protein/mg by limulus amebocyte lysate assay. Taken together, the rHV3 produced in multigram quantities in E. coli by this bioprocess meets the regulatory criteria for biopharmaceuticals and can be used as a drug candidate for preclinical studies.
Three-dimensional flow in circular cavities of large spanwise aspect ratio
Authors: Tutty Owen , Savelsberg Ralph , Castro Ian P. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractExperimental data are presented for the vortex flow in a nominally two-dimensional circular cavity. The vortex is driven by a separated shear layer along an open section of the cavity circumference. It is shown that the core vortex flow is perturbed three-dimensionally. An inviscid analysis of an ideal core (solid body) vortex is given and it is shown that this flow contains a steady perturbation whose characteristics are almost exactly those identified in the experiments. Viscous effects reduce (by a few per cent) the spanwise wavelength of the perturbation and also lead, via spatial variations in Reynolds stress, to a modification of the core flow so that the radial profile of the circumferential velocity is ‘S’-shaped, rather than linear.