bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Floating Potentials in Two‐Electron Temperature Plasma with Two Species of Positive Ions: Kinetic Model and PIC Simulation
Authors: Čerček M. , Fiipič G. , Gyergyek T. , Kovačič J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPotential formation in a two electron temperature plasma with two species of positive ions has been studied analytically by a one‐dimensional, collision‐less fully kinetic model. The results have been verified in a PIC simulation. It has been found that addition of heavy ions and energetic electrons lowers the floating potential of an electrode in plasma. We have also shown that each ion species enters the sheath with the same velocity normalized to the corresponding ion acoustic velocity. Because of that the lighter ions hit the collector with higher velocity as compared to the case when they are the only ion species in the plasma (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
High‐grade prostatic sarcoma seen in a catheterized urine specimen: Case report and differential diagnosis
Authors: Stoll Lisa Marie , Johnson Michael W. , Rosenthal Dorothy L. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractUrine cytology has been effectively used in the diagnosis and management of epithelial bladder tumors, particularly high‐grade urothelial carcinoma. Indeed it is the gold standard for bladder cancer screening. Although urothelial carcinoma is the most frequently identified bladder tumor by urine cytology, metastatic carcinomas from the kidney, colon, and a variety of other regional organs have been detected. Stromal lesions such as inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, and leiomyosarcoma are other much rarer entities occurring within the bladder. Few to no case reports exist documenting their identification within urine cytology specimens. Herein we report the detection of a high‐grade prostatic sarcoma within a catheterized urine specimen of a young male having a diffusely enlarged prostate. The specimen consisted of numerous fragments of relatively uniform spindle cells having ovoid nuclei with rounded ends and finely dispersed chromatin. Cytoplasmic borders were indistinct. No mitoses or significant atypia was present. The background consisted of numerous red blood cells, cellular debris, and a few clusters of unremarkable urothelial cells. Followup surgical biopsy of the patient's prostate revealed a high‐grade spindle‐cell sarcoma. Further immunohistochemical and molecular delineation of the tumor was not informative for a more definitive diagnosis. Although rare, sarcomas and other mesenchymal tumors involving the bladder are unique entities with a broad differential diagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
TLR‐mediated signaling pathways circumvent the requirement for DAP12 in mast cells for the induction of inflammatory mediator release
Authors: Smrž Daniel , Iwaki Shoko , McVicar Daniel W. , Metcalfe Dean D. , Gilfillan Alasdair M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTLR, expressed on the surface of mast cells, respond to a variety of bacterial and viral components to induce and enhance high‐affinity IgE receptor‐mediated cytokine production. Recent reports have indicated that specific TLR‐dependent responses in macrophages and dendritic cells are regulated by the ITAM‐containing molecule, DAP12. When phosphorylated, DAP12 recruits Syk, which is a critical molecule for mast cell activation. We therefore examined whether DAP12 similarly regulates TLR‐mediated responses in mast cells. DAP12 was confirmed to be expressed in both human and mouse mast cells and, upon phosphorylation, to recruit Syk. However, although TLR agonists induced cytokine production, and synergistically enhanced high‐affinity IgE receptor‐mediated cytokine production, surprisingly, they failed to increase DAP12 phosphorylation in mouse bone marrow‐derived mast cells (BMMC). Furthermore, normal TLR‐mediated responses were observed in DAP12−/− BMMC. However, DAP12 phosphorylation and subsequent Syk recruitment were observed in BMMC following Con A‐induced aggregation of mannose‐glycosylated receptors, and these responses, together with Con A‐induced degranulation, were substantially reduced in the DAP12−/− BMMC. These data demonstrate that TLR have differential requirements for DAP12 for their function in different cell types and that the inability of TLR to influence mast cell degranulation may be linked to their inability to utilize DAP12 to recruit Syk.
Enhanced Electrocatalytic Performance of Anthraquinonemonosulfonate‐Doped Polypyrrole Composite: Electroanalysis for the Specific Roles of Anthraquinone Derivative and Polypyrrole Layer on Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Zhao Sha , Zhang Guoquan , Fu Lei , Liu Lifen , Fang Xiaohong , Yang Fenglin 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTo analyze the specific roles of anthraquinone‐2‐sulfonate (AQS) and polypyrrole (PPy) layer on oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), the electrocatalytic reduction of oxygen was investigated on the AQS/PPy composite modified graphite electrode. Results show that the enhanced electrocatalytic performance is attributed to the excellent electrocatalytic activity of the immobilized AQS functional groups to mediate two‐electron reduction of O2 to H2O2. The PPy layer may not participate in ORR, but it can further catalyze the two‐electron reduction of H2O2 to produce H2O in the potential range more negative than that the two‐electron reduction of oxygen proceeds efficiently on the AQS sites.
Enhanced Direct Electron Transfer of a Multihemic Nitrite Reductase on Single‐walled Carbon Nanotube Modified Electrodes
Authors: Silveira Célia M. , Baur Jessica , Holzinger Michael , Moura José J. G. , Cosnier Serge , Almeida M. Gabriela 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSingle‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) deposits on glassy carbon and pyrolytic graphite electrodes have dramatically enhanced the direct electron transfer of the multihemic nitrite reductase from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans ATCC 27774, enabling a 10‐fold increase in catalytic currents. At optimal conditions, the sensitivity to nitrite and the maximum current density were 2.4±0.1 A L mol−1 cm−2 and 1500 µA cm−2, respectively. Since the biosensor performance decreased over time, laponite clay and electropolymerized amphiphilic pyrrole were tested as protecting layers. Both coating materials increased substantially the bioelectrode stability, which kept about 90 % and 60 % of its initial sensitivity to nitrite after 20 and 248 days, respectively.
Landslides in Styria in 2009 /
Authors: Hornich Rudolf , Adelwöhrer Raimund 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAt the end of June 2009, a period of heavy rainfall set in the Austrian state of Steiermark (Styria), which in addition to widespread flooding on the scale of a disaster also caused an unusually large number of landslides. These mass movements affected southeast Styria worst. This was not only due to the concentration of precipitation in the area, but also the particular geological conditions, which are especially favourable for landslides. The landslides severely affected not only agricultural areas but also transport and utility infrastructure so that in the Feldbach district, located in the middle of this area, a state of emergency had to be declared and maintained for several weeks.Ende Juni 2009 setzte in der Steiermark eine Starkregenperiode ein, die neben zahlreichen Hochwasserüberschwemmungen im Katastrophenausmaß auch eine außerordentlich große Anzahl von Hangrutschungen auslöste. Von diesen Massenbewegungen war hauptsächlich die Südoststeiermark betroffen. Dies lag nicht nur an der Konzentration der Niederschläge in diesem Bereich der Steiermark, sondern auch an den besonderen geologischen Verhältnissen, die Rutschungserscheinungen besonders begünstigen. Von diesen Hangrutschungen waren nicht nur landwirtschaftliche Kulturen, sondern auch Verkehrs‐ und Leitungsinfrastruktur schwer beeinträchtigt, sodass im Bezirk Feldbach, der im Zentrum dieses Bereiches liegt, der Katastrophenzustand ausgerufen werden musste und über mehrere Wochen aufrecht erhalten blieb.
Role of brittle fracture on swelling behaviour of weak rock tunnels: hypothesis and qualitative evidence /
Authors: Steiner Walter , Kaiser Peter K. , Spaun Georg 
Published: October 2010

AbstractUnderground construction in rock prone to swelling behaviour may result in long‐term problems, especially in the invert, if the structure cannot resist swelling pressures. Swelling phenomena are not only a consequence of ground conditions but are strongly influenced by excavation and construction procedures. Evidence of brittle failure observed in the field will be presented and analyzed to prove that brittle failure is the trigger effect of swelling phenomena in shale and clay‐anhydrite rocks. Brittle fractures have also been observed in laboratory swelling tests. Brittle failure can create cracks that form pathways for water, leading to changes in the stress‐state, and as a consequence trigger swelling phenomena. In clay‐anhydrite rock, the swelling pressure is caused by the crystallization pressure of gypsum. The excavation and construction procedures used for the tunnel are a decisive factor for controlling swelling behaviour.Quellvorgänge in Tongesteinen und Ton‐Anhydritgesteinen führen oft zu langfristigen Problemen in Untertagebauten, insbesondere wenn der Ausbauwiderstand der Tragkonstruktion langfristig zu gering ist. Die Quellvorgänge, die besonders im Sohlbereich auftreten, sind nicht bloß eine Folge der Gesteinseigenschaften, sondern werden auch von den gewählten Bauvorgängen und der Tragkonstruktion beeinflusst. Sprödbruchvorgänge wurden in vielen Untertagbauten in Felsgesteinen mit geringer Festigkeit beobachtet. Deren Ursachen werden mit numerischen Modellen analysiert. Sprödbrüche wurden aber auch in Laborquellversuchen in Ton‐Anhydritgesteinen, wo sich Gips bildete, beobachtet. Die unterschiedlichen Beobachtungen werden in einen gemeinsamen Rahmen zusammengefügt. Sprödbrüche führen zur Bildung von Rissen und damit von Wasserwegen. Weiter ergeben sich wesentlichen Änderungen des Spannungszustands um die unterirdische Öffnung, und als Folge dieser Vorgänge werden Quellerscheinungen ausgelöst. In Ton‐Anhydritgesteinen wird der höhere Quelldruck durch den Kristallisationsdruck von Gips verursacht. Der gewählte Bauvorgang muss Sprödbruchvorgänge möglichst vermeiden und ist ein wesentlicher Faktor des aufzunehmenden Quelldrucks und der Quellerscheinungen.
Religious participation and risky health behaviors among adolescents
Authors: Mellor Jennifer M. , Freeborn Beth A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that adolescent religious participation is negatively associated with risky health behaviors such as cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and illicit drug use. One explanation for these findings is that religion directly reduces risky behaviors because churches provide youths with moral guidance or with strong social networks that reinforce social norms. An alternative explanation is that both religious participation and risky health behaviors are driven by some common unobserved individual trait. We use data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health and implement an instrumental variables approach to identify the effect of religious participation on smoking, binge drinking, and marijuana use. Following Gruber (2005), we use a county‐level measure of religious market density as an instrument. We find that religious market density has a strong positive association with adolescent religious participation, but not with secular measures of social capital. Upon accounting for unobserved heterogeneity, we find that religious participation continues to have a significant negative effect on illicit drug use. On the contrary, the estimated effects of attendance in instrumental variables models of binge drinking and smoking are statistically imprecise. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Do alcohol warning labels influence men's and women's attempts to deter others from driving when intoxicated?
Authors: Tam Tammy W. , Greenfield Thomas K. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractResearch on the federally mandated alcohol warning label has found mixed results, but some findings are consistent with a modest influence on precautionary behaviors to reduce drinkers' self‐reported drunk driving. We hypothesized that warnings would also influence the likelihood of intervening to deter others' driving after drinking. Using data from 1,376 adult drinkers in a U.S. national survey, a conceptual model reflecting effects of exposure to the label's drunk driving message on taking actions to avert another's driving under the influence was tested in a structural equation modeling framework. For men and women, in structural models with drinking and handling of alcoholic beverages potentially affecting both message recall and intervening, the predicted relationships were found between message recall and actions to deter another's drinking driving. This finding suggests that an important preventive effect of the alcohol warning label may be to legitimate collateral attempts to avert another's drunk driving. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
DNA‐Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes: Synthesis, Self‐Assembly, and Applications
Authors: Santiago‐Rodríguez Lenibel , Sánchez‐Pomales Germarie , Cabrera Carlos R. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) possess outstanding structural, mechanical, and electronic properties. Nevertheless, to achieve the full potential of CNTs, researchers must develop new purification methodologies or improvements in the existing purification and separation protocols, design and study novel functionalization chemistries that result in increased solubility of the CNTs without altering their properties, and devise a straightforward methodology for the attachment of aligned CNTs on solid substrates. To address these challenges, our group has studied the chemical functionalization of CNTs with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)—by covalent and non‐covalent approaches—in combination with the self‐assembling technique. In this short review, we will present an overview of DNA‐functionalized CNTs, focusing on the main findings of our group, and the application of the DNA‐CNT complexes as electrochemical biosensors.
Similarity analysis of DNA sequences based on the weighted pseudo‐entropy
Authors: Li Chun , Ma Hong , Zhou Yang , Wang Xiaolei , Zheng Xiaoqi 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA DNA primary sequence is a string consisting of letters on an alphabet Ω = {a, c, g, t}. Based on all of the 2‐combinations of the set Ω, here the repetition is allowed, we transform a DNA primary sequence into a special sequence over a set with cardinality 10. With the 10‐letter sequence, we associate 10 nonnegative numerical sequences and then derive a 10‐component vector by means of a weighted pseudo‐entropy, which can reflect the information on elements of a sequence and, especially, the order relation among them. The new quantitative characterization of DNA sequences is sensitive to substitution of the string elements. The examination of the relationship among β‐globin genes of 15 species illustrates the utility of the proposed approach. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011
Deletion of the p53 tumor suppressor gene improves neuromotor function but does not attenuate regional neuronal cell loss following experimental brain trauma in mice
Authors: Tomasevic Gregor , Raghupathi Ramesh , Scherbel Uwe , Wieloch Tadeusz , McIntosh Tracy K. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDeletion of the tumor suppressor gene p53 has been shown to improve the outcome in experimental models of focal cerebral ischemia and kainate‐induced seizures. To evaluate the potential role of p53 in traumatic brain injury, genetically modified mice lacking a functional p53 gene (p53–/–, n = 9) and their wild‐type littermates (p53+/+, n = 9) were anesthetized and subjected to controlled cortical impact (CCI) experimental brain trauma. After brain injury, neuromotor function was assessed by using composite neuroscore and rotarod tests. By 7 days posttrauma, p53–/– mice exhibited significantly improved neuromotor function, in the composite neuroscore (P = 0.002) as well as in two of three individual tests, when compared with brain‐injured p53+/+ animals. CCI resulted in the formation of a cortical cavity (mean volume = 6.1 mm3) 7 days postinjury in p53+/+ as well as p53–/– mice. No difference in lesion volume was detected between the two genotypes (P = 0.95). Although significant cell loss was detected in the ipsilateral hippocampus and thalamus of brain‐injured animals, no differences between p53+/+ and p53–/– mice were detected. Although our results suggest that lack of the p53 gene results in augmented recovery of neuromotor function following experimental brain trauma, they do not support a role for p53 acting as a mediator of neuronal death in this context, underscoring the complexity of its role in the injured brain. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A time‐lapse and quantitative modelling analysis of neural stem cell motion in the absence of directional cues and in electric fields
Authors: Arocena Miguel , Zhao Min , Collinson Jon Martin , Song Bing 
Published: October 2010

AbstractNeural stem cell (NSC) migration is an important component of their developmental function and therapeutic potential. Understanding their mode of migration and their response to guidance cues can contribute to improved therapies for CNS repair, in which appropriate homing to sites of injury is essential. Using time‐lapse imaging, we have analyzed the NSC mode of migration in vitro, both in the absence of directional cues and in the presence of applied electric fields (EFs), previously shown to constitute a strong directional signal for these cells. Without EFs, NSCs displayed an amoeboid motion, characterized by small lamellipodial‐like protrusions with changing orientations, leading to highly tortuous migration. In EFs, tortuosity diminished as electrotaxis toward the cathode occurred. EFs suppressed the formation of protrusions oriented toward the anode, suggesting that restriction of protrusions with opposing orientation could underlie the change from tortuous motion to directed migration. Treatment with LY294002, a phosphatidylinositol‐3‐OH kinase (Pi3K) inhibitor, reduced the cathodal bias of protrusions in EFs and the frequency of changes in direction. We generated a model of NSC migration with only two key parameters, which could accurately reproduce experimental migration patterns, and we used it to show that both effects of LY294002 contribute to impair electrotaxis, although decreased protrusion bias is the most important. Our results show that control of protrusion orientation by EFs is an important component of the electrotactic response. A simple modelling approach might be useful in understanding how diverse pharmacological treatments or genetic deletions affect different kinds of directional cell migration. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Efficient four‐drug cocktail therapy targeting amyloid‐β peptide for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Asai Masashi , Iwata Nobuhisa , Tomita Taisuke , Iwatsubo Takeshi , Ishiura Shoichi , Saido Takaomi C. , Maruyama Kei 
Published: October 2010

AbstractCocktail treatment is an effective multidrug medication therapy for some diseases, such as cancer and AIDS, because of the additive or synergistic effect of each medicine and relief from adverse effects. Amyloid‐β peptide (Aβ), which is now recognized as central to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD), is derived from the sequential proteolysis of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β‐ and γ‐secretases. Secretase inhibitors are one of most attractive targets for therapeutic intervention in AD. However, because β‐ and γ‐secretases cleave not only APP but also other substrate proteins, strong inhibition of these secretases leads to severe adverse effects. Some nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and cholesterol‐lowering drugs (statins) can modify the production of Aβ. Here, we report that a cocktail treatment with four drugs (NSAID, statin, and β‐ and γ‐secretase inhibitors) had additive effects on the reduction of Aβ levels in cultured cells without competing with each other. Moreover, the four‐drug cocktail treatment caused no changes in processing of the γ‐secretase substrate Notch. This is suggests that this cocktail treatment could be a new therapeutic approach for AD. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Knockdown of growth‐arrest‐specific gene 7b (gas7b) using short‐hairpin RNA desensitizes neuroblastoma cells to cisplatin: Implications for preventing apoptosis of neurons
Authors: Hung Feng‐Chun , Chao Chuck C.‐K. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractEfficient control of cell survival and cell proliferation is critical for the development of neuron cells. Earlier, we observed that growth arrest‐specific gene 7 (Gas7) plays a role in controlling neuritogenesis in mammals. In the present study, we report that the Gas7b isoform is involved in controlling growth arrest and apoptosis of neuroblastoma cells in response to various stimuli. Accordingly, knockdown of Gas7b using small‐hairpin RNA (shRNA) was shown to reduce apoptosis induced either by serum starvation or by the antineoplastic agents cisplatin and nocodazole in human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells. Gas7b knockdown also enhanced the ability of the treated cells to form clones in response to cisplatin. On the other hand, forced expression of Gas7a or Gas7b isoform in mouse neuroblastoma Neuro2A cells, which express a defective Gas7 gene, rendered the cells proapoptotic and vulnerable to cisplatin‐induced apoptosis. In addition, Neuro2A cells that overexpressed Gas7 showed a reduced ability to form clones. Overexpression of Gas7 produced similar but less extensive effects in nonneuronal HEK293 cells. Taken together, our observations suggest that Gas7b is involved not only in neuritogenesis but also in the regulation of neuronal cell death. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intra‐articular injection of hyaluronan restores the aberrant expression of matrix metalloproteinase‐13 in osteoarthritic subchondral bone
Authors: Hiraoka Nobuyuki , Takahashi Kenji A. , Arai Yuji , Sakao Kei , Mazda Osam , Kishida Tsunao , Honjo Kuniaki , Tanaka Sakae , Kubo Toshikazu 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSubchondral bone is a candidate for treatment of osteoarthritis (OA). We investigated the effects of intra‐articular injection of hyaluronan (IAI‐HA) on subchondral bone in rabbit OA model. OA was induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection, with some rabbits receiving IAI‐HA. OA was graded morphologically, and expression of mRNA was assessed by real‐time RT‐PCR. Tissue sections were stained with hyaluronan‐binding protein, and penetration of fluorescent hyaluronan was assessed. The in vitro inhibitory effect of hyaluronan on MMP‐13 was analyzed in human osteoarthritic subchondral bone osteoblasts (OA Ob) by real‐time RT‐PCR and ELISA. Binding of hyaluronan to OA Ob via CD44 was assessed by immunofluorescence cytochemistry. Expression of MMP‐13 and IL‐6 mRNA in cartilage and subchondral bone, and morphological OA grade, increased over time. IAI‐HA ameliorated the OA grade and selectively suppressed MMP‐13 mRNA in subchondral bone. IAI‐HA enhanced the hyaluronan staining of subchondral bone marrow cells and osteocyte lacunae. Fluorescence was observed in the subchondral bone marrow space. In OA Ob, hyaluronan reduced the expression and production of MMP‐13, and anti‐CD44 antibody blocked hyaluronan binding to OA Ob. These findings indicate that regulation of MMP‐13 in subchondral bone may be a critical mechanism during IAI‐HA. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:354–360, 2011