bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enzymatic Synthesis of Novel Feruloylated Lipids and Their Evaluation as Antioxidants
Authors: Zheng Yan , Branford‐White Christopher , Wu Xiao‐Mei , Wu Cheng‐Yao , Xie Jian‐Gang , Quan Jing , Zhu Li‐Min 
Published: January 2010

AbstractConcerns about the use of chemical synthetic antioxidants that promote carcinogenesis has led to the development of natural antioxidants. Ferulic acid (4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxy cinnamic acid, FA) is a monophenolic phenylpropanoid present in the plant kingdom. It has shown a high antioxidant capacity and biological activities, including antiviral, anticarcinogenic and antimicrobial ones. However, due to poor solubility in hydrophobic media, FA can only be used in aqueous environments and this is a key factor that to a certain extent limits its application and bioavailability. In the present study, novel feruloylated lipids 1(3)‐feruloyl‐monobutyryl‐glycerol (FMB) and 1(3)‐feruloyl‐dibutyryl‐glycerol (FDB) were prepared by lipase‐catalysed transesterification between FA and tributyrin. The structure of FMB and FDB was confirmed by NMR and ESI‐MS, respectively. The radical scavenging and antioxidant properties of FA, FMB and FDB were evaluated using several different antioxidant assays, including hydroxyl radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH·) radical scavenging, inhibition of peroxidation of linoleic acid and reducing power. The antioxidant activities decreased in the following order: BHT ≥ FMB > FDB > FA. The results suggested that FMB and FDB exhibited a strong effect against oxidation in lipophilic systems making them promising antioxidants.
Non-uniqueness of weak solutions for the fractal Burgers equation
Authors: Alibaud Nathaël , Andreianov Boris 
Published: January 2010

The notion of Kruzhkov entropy solution was extended by the first author in 2007 to conservation laws with a fractional Laplacian diffusion term; this notion led to well-posedness for the Cauchy problem in the

L^{\infty }

-framework. In the present paper, we further motivate the introduction of entropy solutions, showing that in the case of fractional diffusion of order strictly less than one, uniqueness of a weak solution may fail.

Résumé

La notion de solution entropique de Kruzhkov a été étendue par Alibaud en 2007 aux lois de conservation avec un terme diffusif fractionnaire ; ceci a permis de démontrer que le prolème de Cauchy est bien posé dans le cadre

L^{\infty }

. Dans cet article, on montre que si l'ordre de l'opérateur de diffusion est strictement plus petit que un, alors il peut exister plusieurs solutions faibles ; on apporte ainsi une motivation supplémentaire à l'utilisation des solutions entropiques.
The effect of an ambidextrous supply chain strategy on combinative competitive capabilities and business performance
Authors: Kristal Mehmet Murat , Huang Xiaowen , Roth Aleda V. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis study investigates the influence of an ambidextrous supply chain strategy on manufacturers’ combinative competitive capabilities – the ability to excel simultaneously on competitive capabilities of quality, delivery, flexibility, and cost – and, in turn, on business performance. Drawing upon March's (1991) notions of exploration and exploitation, an ambidextrous supply chain strategy is conceptualized as a simultaneous pursuit of both explorative and exploitative supply chain practices. We operationalize this concept as a second‐order latent construct that captures the co‐variation between exploration and exploitation within the context of a manufacturer's supply chain management strategy. Using survey‐based data gathered from 174 U.S. manufacturers, we find that an ambidextrous supply chain strategy coincides with combinative competitive capabilities and business performance. Our empirical finding contradicts conventional wisdom that argues for tradeoffs between exploration and exploitation. Instead, our empirical results are in line with an emerging complementarity view advocating that supply chain managers build practices to gain operational efficiency while simultaneously searching for opportunities to gain operational advantages. In addition, we provide insights regarding the role of combinative capabilities in mediating the relationship between an ambidextrous supply chain strategy and business performance.
Remarks on motivic homotopy theory over algebraically closed fields
Authors: Hu Po , Kriz Igor , Ormsby Kyle 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe discuss certain calculations in the 2-complete motivic stable homotopy category over an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0. Specifically, we prove the convergence of motivic analogues of the Adams and Adams-Novikov spectral sequences, and as one application, discuss the 2-complete version of the complex motivic J -homomorphism.
Transition between Raman and Compton regimes in laser pulse amplification
Authors: CAIRNS R. A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAmplification of a short laser pulse by means of its interaction with a counter-propagating long pulse in a plasma has been suggested as a way of reaching high intensities. Two regimes have been discussed in the literature. The first is the Raman regime, where the process is backward Raman scattering, described by the standard equations for resonant three-wave coupling, while the second is the Compton regime, in which electron dynamics is dominated by the ponderomotive force generated by the high-frequency wave, and electrons behave as single particles rather than producing a Langmuir wave. Our aim here is to use a simple model of electron dynamics to investigate the transition between these regimes.
Lower-hybrid waves generated by anomalous Doppler resonance in auroral plasmas
Authors: BINGHAM R. , CAIRNS R. A. , VORGUL I. , SHAPIRO V. D. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis paper describes some aspects of lower-hybrid wave activity in space plasmas. Lower-hybrid waves are particularly important since they can transfer energy efficiently between electrons and ions in a collisionless magnetized plasma. We consider the ‘fan’ or anomalous Doppler resonance instability driven by energetic electron tails and show that it is responsible for the generation of lower-hybrid waves. We also demonstrate that observations of their intensity are sufficient to drive the modulational instability.
Drift-Alfvén waves at the arbitrary ion Larmor radius scale in dusty plasmas
Authors: ONISHCHENKO O. G. , POKHOTELOV O. A. , KRASNOSELSKIKH V. V. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA set of magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) equations that govern the nonlinear dynamics of drift-Alfvén waves with arbitrary spatial scales in comparison with the ion Larmor radius is derived. It is shown that in the linear limit a Fourier transform of these equations yields the dispersion relation which in the so-called Padé approximation corresponds to the fully kinetic theory.
The effects of a physical activity programme on the psychological wellbeing of older people in a residential care facility: an experimental study
Authors: CIAIRANO SILVIA , LIUBICICH MONICA EMMA , RABAGLIETTI EMANUELA 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTThis experimental study aimed to analyse the effects of an aerobic activity intervention delivered by specially trained instructors to a sample of Italian older people living in a residential care facility. We assessed intervention effects on general health perception, perception that one's health represents a limitation for moderate and heavy physical activity, and positive and negative self-perception. The 36-item Short Form Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36) was administered at pre-test and post-test to a sample of 22 older people (ten in the control group and 12 in the intervention group) of both genders with an average age of 80.6 years. The findings showed that: (a) the perception that one's health can limit moderate and heavy physical activity decreased significantly in the older people belonging to the intervention group between pre- and post-test, while it increased in the control group; (b) positive self-perception was found to be stable in the intervention group, while it decreased in the control group; and (c) there was no interaction between group and time with respect to both general health perception and negative self-perception. The exercise programme seemed to have a particularly positive effect on older people's beliefs about their ability to master successfully the activities of daily living such as walking and moving objects.
Formal and informal social participation of the ‘young-old’ in The Netherlands in 1992 and 2002
Authors: VAN GROENOU MARJOLEIN BROESE , DEEG DORLY J. H. 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTThe study compares the formal and informal social participation of 60–69 year olds in The Netherlands in 1992 and 2002, and examines which attributes of the two cohorts favour social participation. Using data from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam, it was found that cohort differences in formal participation (as members of organisations, in volunteer work and in religious organisations) and in informal participation (having a large social network, and in cultural and recreational activities) associated with cohort differences in individual characteristics (level of education, health, employment status and marital status). Descriptive analyses showed an increase between 1992 and 2002 in all forms of participation except religious involvement. The 2002 cohort members were more educated and more engaged in employment, but in worse health and had a higher prevalence of divorce than the 1992 cohort members. Logistic regression analyses showed that the positive effect on social participation of the recent cohort's higher educational level was suppressed by the negative effect of their worse health. Being divorced had mixed effects on formal and informal participation, but the difference in the number of divorcees did not explain cohort differences in social participation. Interaction effects showed that the influence of sex and health on volunteer work and religious involvement changed over time. The paper concludes with a discussion of the prospects for higher levels of formal and informal social participation among future cohorts of young-older people.
A potential environment for lasing below 15 nm initiated by exploding wire in water
Authors: Kolacek K. , Prukner V. , Schmidt J. , Frolov O. , Straus J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractProximity wall stabilized, fast (>4 × 1011 A/s), high current (>40 kA) discharges are capable to create long, dense, hot, stable, non-equilibrium plasma column, suitable e.g., for radiation amplification or even for lasing in extreme ultraviolet and soft X-ray region. Exploding wire in water resembles a metal-vapor-filled capillary with liquid, ever fresh wall (without any metallic deposit). Modeling of wire explosion (inclusive melting and boiling phase transitions, thermal diffusion, and variable conductivity) by the originally skinned driving current is described. Modeling results are compared with measurement of the discharge current and with side-on and end-on monitoring of H-alpha line emission. Analysis of H-alpha line profile is used for diagnostic of water-vapor layer around the wire. The differences between model and reality are attributed to the fact that the pressure dependence of material constants was neglected in the first approximation.
Study on Au + U + Au sandwich Hohlraum wall for ignition targets
Authors: Li Xin , Lan Ke , Meng Xujun , He Xiantu , Lai Dongxian , Feng Tinggui 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn ignition targets designs, U or U based cocktail hohlraum are usually used because the Rosseland mean opacity of U is higher than for Au at the radiation temperature for ignition. However, it should be noted that the opacity of U is obviously lower than for Au when the radiation temperature falls into a low temperature region. Because the depth penetrated by radiation is only several micrometers under a 300eV drive, and also because there is a prepulse longer than 10 ns prepulse at temperatures lower than 170 eV in the radiation drive of ignition target designs. Therefore we propose an Au + U + Au sandwich hohlraum for ignition targets in this work. Compared to the cocktail, the sandwich not only remarkably simplifies the fabrication and uses less depleted U material, but also increases the albedo during the prepulse.
THE MOCK HEROIC, AN INTRUDER IN ARCADIA: GIROLAMO GIGLI, ANTONIO CALDARA AND L'ANAGILDA (ROME, 1711)
Authors: SMITH AYANA 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTIn 1711 the opera L'Anagilda was performed in the private theatre of Francesco Maria Ruspoli, an important Roman patron of the Arcadian Academy. L'Anagilda's librettist (Girolamo Gigli) and composer (Antonio Caldara) were both associated with this society, but the opera contrasts with the basic goal of Arcadian aesthetics – namely, to reform literature and opera by imitating the structure of ancient Greek tragedy and the stylistic purity of Italian renaissance poets. Rather, Gigli and Caldara created an opera infused with comedy, interspersed with fantastic intermezzos and formulated according to a genre not endorsed by Arcadian literary critics, the mock heroic. This article explores topics related to one central question: why would Gigli and Caldara openly flout the literary precepts of Arcadia? Gigli was a career satirist whose works eventually caused him to be exiled from his native Siena, all of Tuscany and the Papal States, and to be expelled from three major literary academies, the Intronati, the Cruscanti and the Arcadians. Since he continually criticized the organizations to which he belonged for their narrow-mindedness, prejudice and hypocrisy, I contend that L'Anagilda represents a critique of Arcadia. Yet in the process, Gigli also shows the Arcadians that there is more than one path to verisimilitude and the imitation of classical models. Despite the mock-heroic characteristics of the libretto, Gigli adheres to some Arcadian structural requirements, and Caldara's score heightens the characterizations and the overall verisimilitude of the opera.
SOLOIST PARTICIPATION DURING THE TUTTIS OF EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY WOODWIND CONCERTOS
Authors: CAMPBELL CAREY 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTAlthough the common way to perform late eighteenth-century flute or oboe concertos today is for the soloist to rest during tutti passages, this is probably not what most composers had in mind. Recent research has shown that keyboard and violin soloists played an important role as orchestral members during the ritornellos of their concertos, the former providing a continuo part and the latter doubling the orchestral first violins. But what about concertos for flute or oboe? Were these soloists also to play during the tuttis, and if so, what? Primary source evidence (supported by statements in contemporary treatises) reveals that many eighteenth-century composers expected woodwind soloists to participate during all or some orchestral ritornellos. Printed and manuscript parts of the period reveal several types of soloist participation, suggesting that the practice was widespread yet also flexible. Reinstatement of the soloist in the tuttis, performing all of the music that eighteenth-century composers asked them to perform, would alter the way these concertos sound, in turn forcing a change in how they are perceived.
JOHN GEIB: BEYOND THE FOOTNOTE
Authors: STRANGE THOMAS , NEX JENNY 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTJohn Lawrence Geib has remained an often-cited but poorly known builder of keyboard instruments since the eighteenth century. Although historians have noted his patent for an escapement mechanism used on early English square pianos after 1787, little has been written about him, and much of that has now proven to be incomplete or untrue. A letter written by Geib to Benjamin Franklin has recently been made public. It outlines his early years in London and provides the foundation for further research into the remaining records and extant instruments. This information allows one to draw a more complete and historically correct picture of Geib and to place him in perspective with the other builders operating at the time. This article gives new details about his principal invention – the escapement mechanism – and the nature of his business during his early years in London. A full reproduction of the patent is included as an appendix.
High-frequency phage-mediated gene transfer in freshwater environments determined at single-cell level
Authors: Kenzaka Takehiko , Tani Katsuji , Nasu Masao 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Lateral gene transfer by phages has contributed significantly to the genetic diversity of bacteria. To accurately determine the frequency and range of phage-mediated gene transfer, it is important to understand the movement of DNA among microbes. Using an in situ DNA amplification technique (cycling primed in situ amplification-fluorescent in situ hybridization; CPRINS-FISH), we examined the propensity for phage-mediated gene transfer in freshwater environments at the single-cell level. Phage P1, T4 and isolated Escherichia coli phage EC10 were used as vectors. All E. coli phages mediated gene transfer from E. coli to both plaque-forming and non-plaque-forming Enterobacteriaceae strains at frequencies of 0.3–8 × 10−3 per plaque-forming unit (PFU), whereas culture methods using selective agar media could not detect transductants in non-plaque-forming strains. The DNA transfer frequencies through phage EC10 ranged from undetectable to 9 × 10−2 per PFU (undetectable to 2 × 10−3 per total direct count) when natural bacterial communities were recipients. Direct viable counting combined with CPRINS-FISH revealed that more than 20% of the cells carrying the transferred gene retained their viability in most cases. These results indicate that the exchange of DNA sequences among bacteria occurs frequently and in a wide range of bacteria, and may promote rapid evolution of the prokaryotic genome in freshwater environments.
Ecological and evolutionary factors underlying global and local assembly of denitrifier communities
Authors: Jones Christopher M , Hallin Sara 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
The conversion of nitrite to nitric oxide in the denitrification pathway is catalyzed by at least two structurally dissimilar nitrite reductases, NirS and NirK. Although they are functionally equivalent, a genome with genes encoding both reductases has yet to be found. This exclusivity raises questions about the ecological equivalency of denitrifiers with either nirS or nirK, and how different ecological and evolutionary factors influence community assembly of nirS and nirK denitrifiers. Using phylogeny-based methods for analyzing community structure, we analyzed nirS and nirK data sets compiled from sequence repositories. Global patterns of phylogenetic community structure were determined using Unifrac, whereas community assembly processes were inferred using different community relatedness metrics. Similarities between globally distributed communities for both genes corresponded to similarities in habitat salinity. The majority of communities for both genes were phylogenetically clustered; however, nirK marine communities were more phylogenetically overdispersed than nirK soil communities or nirS communities. A more in-depth analysis was performed using three case studies in which a comparison of nirS and nirK community relatedness within the sites could be examined along environmental gradients. From these studies we observed that nirS communities respond differently to environmental gradients than nirK communities. Although it is difficult to attribute nonrandom patterns of phylogenetic diversity to specific niche-based or neutral assembly processes, our results indicate that coexisting nirS and nirK denitrifier communities are not under the same community assembly rules in different environments.
Bacterial community succession and chemical profiles of subtidal biofilms in relation to larval settlement of the polychaete Hydroides elegans
Authors: Chung Hong Chun , Lee On On , Huang Yi-Li , Mok Siu Yan , Kolter Roberto , Qian Pei-Yuan 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Earlier studies have shown that biofilms can mediate the larval settlement of the polychaete Hydroides elegans and that changes in the bacterial community structure and density of biofilms often alter the larval settlement response. However, the chemical cues that mediate this response remain unknown. In this study, both successional changes in the bacterial community structure and the chemical profiles of subtidal biofilms are described and related to the larval settlement response. Multispecies biofilms were developed on polystyrene Petri dishes and granite rock in the subtidal zone over a period of 20 days. The effects of the substratum and age on the bacterial community structure and chemical profiles of the biofilms were evaluated with two molecular methods (microarray (PhyloChip) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) and with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, respectively. Both age and substratum altered the bacterial community structures and chemical profiles of the biofilms. Age had a greater effect in shaping the bacterial community structure than did the substratum. In contrast, the type of substratum more strongly affected the chemical profile. Extracts of biofilms of different ages, which developed on different substrata, were tested for the settlement of H. elegans larvae. The extracts induced larval settlement in a biofilm-age-dependent manner, and extracts originating from different substrata of the same age showed no differences in larval settlement. Our results suggest that the larval settlement response cannot be predicted by the overall chemical composition of the biofilm alone.
The Effects of a Fat Tax on French Households' Purchases: A Nutritional Approach
Authors: Allais Olivier , Bertail Patrice , Nichèle Véronique 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis article assesses the effects of a “fat tax” on the nutrients purchased by French households across different income groups. This is done by making a preliminary estimation of price elasticities using a complete demand system on household scanner data, and by calculating nutrient elasticities using estimated price elasticities. We find that a fat tax has small and ambiguous effects on nutrients purchased by French households, and a slight effect on body weight in the short run, with a greater effect in the long run. Such a tax generates substantial tax revenue, but is highly regressive.
On the (Mis)Use of Wealth as a Proxy for Risk Aversion
Authors: Bellemare Marc F. , Brown Zachary S. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractTests of risk sharing in the contracting literature often rely on wealth as a proxy for risk aversion. The intuition behind these tests is that since contract choice is monotonic in the coefficients of risk aversion, which are themselves assumed monotonic in wealth, the effect of a change in wealth on contract choice is clearly identified. We show that tests of risk sharing relying on wealth as a proxy for risk aversion are identified only insofar as the econometrician is willing to assume that (a) the principal is risk neutral or her preferences exhibit constant absolute risk aversion (CARA); and (b) the agent is risk neutral.
The Value of the Initial Payment of the Canadian Wheat Board as a Signaling Device
Authors: Tamini Lota D. , Gervais Jean‐Philippe , Larue Bruno 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis paper analyzes the role of the initial payment used by the Canadian Wheat Board (CWB) in the determination of export prices and sales under the assumption that the CWB has better information about realized yields in Canada than its US competitor. In the separating equilibrium of the game, the initial payment of the CWB is larger than the initial payment under complete information. There exists an incentive under incomplete information to send a signal that realized yields are greater than expected to induce a reduction in the sales of foreign competitors. We illustrate the strategic value of the initial payment for Canadian wheat producers using a numerical simulation.