bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Permittivity tensor imaging: modular label-free imaging of 3D dry mass and 3D orientation at high resolution
Authors: Yeh Li-Hao , Ivanov Ivan E. , Chandler Talon , Byrum Janie R. , Chhun Bryant B. , Guo Syuan-Ming , Foltz Cameron , Hashemi Ezzat , Perez-Bermejo Juan A. , Wang Huijun , Yu Yanhao , Kazansky Peter G. , Conklin Bruce R. , Han May H. , Mehta Shalin B. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe dry mass and the orientation of biomolecules can be imaged without a label by measuring their permittivity tensor (PT), which describes how biomolecules affect the phase and polarization of light. Three-dimensional (3D) imaging of PT has been challenging. We present a label-free computational microscopy technique, PT imaging (PTI), for the 3D measurement of PT. PTI encodes the invisible PT into images using oblique illumination, polarization-sensitive detection and volumetric sampling. PT is decoded from the data with a vectorial imaging model and a multi-channel inverse algorithm, assuming uniaxial symmetry in each voxel. We demonstrate high-resolution imaging of PT of isotropic beads, anisotropic glass targets, mouse brain tissue, infected cells and histology slides. PTI outperforms previous label-free imaging techniques such as vector tomography, ptychography and light-field imaging in resolving the 3D orientation and symmetry of organelles, cells and tissue. We provide open-source software and modular hardware to enable the adoption of the method.
A biomechanics and energetics dataset of neurotypical adults walking with and without kinematic constraints
Authors: Baček Tomislav , Sun Mingrui , Liu Hengchang , Chen Zhongxiang , Manzie Chris , Burdet Etienne , Kulić Dana , Oetomo Denny , Tan Ying 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNumerous studies have explored the biomechanics and energetics of human walking, offering valuable insights into how we walk. However, prior studies focused on changing external factors (e.g., walking speed) and examined group averages and trends rather than individual adaptations in the presence of internal constraints (e.g., injury-related muscle weakness). To address this gap, this paper presents an open dataset of human walking biomechanics and energetics collected from 21 neurotypical young adults. To investigate the effects of internal constraints (reduced joint range of motion), the participants are both the control group (free walking) and the intervention group (constrained walking - left knee fully extended using a passive orthosis). Each subject walked on a dual-belt treadmill at three speeds (0.4, 0.8, and 1.1 m/s) and five step frequencies ( − 10% to 20% of their preferred frequency) for a total of 30 test conditions. The dataset includes raw and segmented data featuring ground reaction forces, joint motion, muscle activity, and metabolic data. Additionally, a sample code is provided for basic data manipulation and visualisation.
Hollow carbon fiber wrapped by regular rGO wave-like folds for efficient solar driven interfacial water steam generation
Authors: Yang Jie , Liu Peiqi , Fan Zhiyuan , Li Yingying , Qiao Hongtao , Xu Xingyu , Han Sheng , Suo Xidong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEfficient seawater desalination is an effective way to solve the shortages of fresh water and energy but with limitations of the low fresh water production rate and high cost. Here, a hollow carbon fiber (HCF) wrapped by regular reduced graphene oxide (rGO) wave-like folds (rGO@HCF) is prepared on account of the differences in thermal shrinkage performance between graphene oxide (GO) and willow catkins fiber. Under one sun irradiation (1 kW m−2), the dry and wet surface temperature of the resulting evaporator reached up to 119.1 °C and 61.7 °C, respectively, and the water steam production rate reached 3.42 kg m−2 h−1. Also, for the outdoor experiment, the rGO@HCF exhibits good evaporator performance which reach up 27.8 kg m−2 day−1. Additionally, rGO@HCF also shows good seawater desalination performance and excellent durability for longtime work. DSC results indicate that the evaporation enthalpy of bulk water and adsorbed water decreased from 2503.92 to 1020.54 J g−1. The excellent evaporating performance is mainly attributed to the regular wave-like microstructure surface of the HCF, which can enhance the light absorption, reduced the vaporization enthalpy of the adsorption water. The findings not only introduce a novel approach for agricultural utilization, but also establish a crucial theoretical foundation for the design of regular wave-like microstructures.
Steel ribbed dome structural performance with different node connections and bracing system
Authors: Jeleniewicz Katarzyna , Jaworski Jacek , Żółtowski Mariusz , Uziębło Izabela , Stefańska Anna , Dixit Saurav 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe conventional design of steel structure objects relies on a first-order elastic analysis, where the entire object is treated as a set of individual structural elements requiring time-consuming, semi-empirical design calculations. Such an approach leads to inefficient design time and excessive material consumption and may additionally result in designing on the verge of structural safety. The AEC sector's technological and digitization advancement process forces designers to use advanced design methods. Hence, it is necessary to indicate the benefits of using effective optimization. The paper presents a comparative analysis of steel domes using two design approaches: traditional first-order analysis and an advanced second-order analysis. The latter method considers the influence of structural deformation on the magnitude of internal forces. Eight models were developed, varying in terms of the connection's stiffness. The work results identify the differences between the two selected design approaches and present opportunities for further structural performance of steel structures.
Mutations found in cancer patients compromise DNA binding of the winged helix protein STK19
Authors: Li Jian , Ma Xinli , Wang Xiaoyu , Hu Xiaotong , Fang Shaobo , Jin Guoguo , Liu Kangdong , Dong Zigang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSerine/threonine protein kinase 19 (STK19) has been reported to phosphorylate and activate oncogenic NRAS to promote melanomagenesis. However, concerns have been raised about whether STK19 is a kinase. STK19 has also been identified as a putative factor involved in the transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER) pathway. In this study, we determined the 1.32 Å crystal structure of human STK19. The structure reveals that STK19 is a winged helix (WH) protein consisting of three tandem WH domains. STK19 binds more strongly to double-stranded DNA and RNA (dsDNA/dsRNA) than to ssDNA. A positively charged patch centered on helix WH3-H1 contributes to dsDNA binding, which is unusual because the WH domain typically uses helix H3 as the recognition helix. Importantly, mutations of the conserved residues in the basic patch, K186N, R200W, and R215W, are found in cancer patients, and these mutations compromise STK19 DNA binding. Other mutations have been predicted to produce a similar effect, including two mutations that disrupt the nuclear localization signal (NLS) motif. These mutations may indirectly impact the DNA binding capacity of STK19 by interfering with its nuclear localization.
PHF2-mediated H3K9me balance orchestrates heterochromatin stability and neural progenitor proliferation
Authors: Aguirre Samuel , Pappa Stella , Serna-Pujol Núria , Padilla Natalia , Iacobucci Simona , Nacht A Silvina , Vicent Guillermo P , Jordan Albert , de la Cruz Xavier , Martínez-Balbás Marian A 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHeterochromatin stability is crucial for progenitor proliferation during early neurogenesis. It relays on the maintenance of local hubs of H3K9me. However, understanding the formation of efficient localized levels of H3K9me remains limited. To address this question, we used neural stem cells to analyze the function of the H3K9me2 demethylase PHF2, which is crucial for progenitor proliferation. Through mass-spectroscopy and genome-wide assays, we show that PHF2 interacts with heterochromatin components and is enriched at pericentromeric heterochromatin (PcH) boundaries where it maintains transcriptional activity. This binding is essential for silencing the satellite repeats, preventing DNA damage and genome instability. PHF2’s depletion increases the transcription of heterochromatic repeats, accompanied by a decrease in H3K9me3 levels and alterations in PcH organization. We further show that PHF2’s PHD and catalytic domains are crucial for maintaining PcH stability, thereby safeguarding genome integrity. These results highlight the multifaceted nature of PHF2’s functions in maintaining heterochromatin stability and regulating gene expression during neural development. Our study unravels the intricate relationship between heterochromatin stability and progenitor proliferation during mammalian neurogenesis.
Molecular causality in the advent of foundation models
Authors: Lobentanzer Sebastian , Rodriguez-Mier Pablo , Bauer Stefan , Saez-Rodriguez Julio 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCorrelation is not causation: this simple and uncontroversial statement has far-reaching implications. Defining and applying causality in biomedical research has posed significant challenges to the scientific community. In this perspective, we attempt to connect the partly disparate fields of systems biology, causal reasoning, and machine learning to inform future approaches in the field of systems biology and molecular medicine.
Systemic immune challenge exacerbates neurodegeneration in a model of neurological lysosomal disease
Authors: Mandolfo Oriana , Parker Helen , Aguado Èlia , Ishikawa Learmonth Yuko , Liao Ai Yin , O’Leary Claire , Ellison Stuart , Forte Gabriella , Taylor Jessica , Wood Shaun , Searle Rachel , Holley Rebecca J , Boutin Hervé , Bigger Brian W 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA (MPS IIIA) is a rare paediatric lysosomal storage disorder, caused by the progressive accumulation of heparan sulphate, resulting in neurocognitive decline and behavioural abnormalities. Anecdotal reports from paediatricians indicate a more severe neurodegeneration in MPS IIIA patients, following infection, suggesting inflammation as a potential driver of neuropathology. To test this hypothesis, we performed acute studies in which WT and MPS IIIA mice were challenged with the TLR3-dependent viral mimetic poly(I:C). The challenge with an acute high poly(I:C) dose exacerbated systemic and brain cytokine expression, especially IL-1β in the hippocampus. This was accompanied by an increase in caspase-1 activity within the brain of MPS IIIA mice with concomitant loss of hippocampal GFAP and NeuN expression. Similar levels of cell damage, together with exacerbation of gliosis, were also observed in MPS IIIA mice following low chronic poly(I:C) dosing. While further investigation is warranted to fully understand the extent of IL-1β involvement in MPS IIIA exacerbated neurodegeneration, our data robustly reinforces our previous findings, indicating IL-1β as a pivotal catalyst for neuropathological processes in MPS IIIA.
African American Preschoolers' Performance on Norm-Referenced Language Assessments: Examining the Effect of Dialect Density and the Use of Scoring Modifications
Authors: Marencin Nancy C. , Edwards Ashley A. , Terry Nicole Patton 
Published: June 2024

Purpose:
We investigated and compared the outcomes from two standardized, norm-referenced screening assessments of language (i.e., Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals Preschool–Second Edition [CELFP-2], Diagnostic Evaluation of Language Variation–Screening Test [DELV-ST]) with African American preschoolers whose spoken dialect differed from that of General American English (GAE). We (a) described preschoolers' performance on the CELFP-2 Core Language Index (CLI) and its subtests with consideration of degree of dialect variation (DVAR) observed, (b) investigated how the application of dialect-sensitive scoring modifications to the expressive morphology and syntax Word Structure (WS) subtest affected CELFP-2 CLI scores, and (c) evaluated the screening classification agreement rates between the DELV-ST and the CELFP-2 CLI.

Method:

African American preschoolers (
N
= 284) completed the CELFP-2 CLI subtests (i.e., Sentence Structure, WS, Expressive Vocabulary) and the DELV-ST. Density of spoken dialect use was estimated with the DELV-ST Part I Language Variation Status, and percentage of DVAR was calculated. The CELFP-2 WS subtest was scored with and without dialect-sensitive scoring modifications.

Results:
Planned comparisons of CELFP-2 CLI performance indicated statistically significant differences in performance based on DELV-ST–determined degree of language variation groupings. Scoring modifications applied to the WS subtest increased subtest scaled scores and CLI composite standard scores. However, preschoolers who demonstrated strong variation from GAE continued to demonstrate significantly lower performance than preschoolers who demonstrated little to no language variation. Affected-status agreement rates between assessments (modified and unmodified CELFP-2 CLI scores and DELV-ST Part II Diagnostic Risk Status) were extremely low.

Conclusions:
The application of dialect-specific scoring modifications to standardized, norm-referenced assessments of language must be simultaneously viewed through the lenses of equity, practicality, and psychometry. The results of our multistage study reiterate the need for reliable methods of identifying risk for developmental language disorder within children who speak American English dialects other than GAE.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26017978
RailPC: A large‐scale railway point cloud semantic segmentation dataset
Authors: Jiang Tengping , Li Shiwei , Zhang Qinyu , Wang Guangshuai , Zhang Zequn , Zeng Fankun , An Peng , Jin Xin , Liu Shan , Wang Yongjun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSemantic segmentation in the context of 3D point clouds for the railway environment holds a significant economic value, but its development is severely hindered by the lack of suitable and specific datasets. Additionally, the models trained on existing urban road point cloud datasets demonstrate poor generalisation on railway data due to a large domain gap caused by non‐overlapping special/rare categories, for example, rail track, track bed etc. To harness the potential of supervised learning methods in the domain of 3D railway semantic segmentation, we introduce RailPC, a new point cloud benchmark. RailPC provides a large‐scale dataset with rich annotations for semantic segmentation in the railway environment. Notably, RailPC contains twice the number of annotated points compared to the largest available mobile laser scanning (MLS) point cloud dataset and is the first railway‐specific 3D dataset for semantic segmentation. It covers a total of nearly 25 km railway in two different scenes (urban and mountain), with 3 billion points that are finely labelled as 16 most typical classes with respect to railway, and the data acquisition process is completed in China by MLS systems. Through extensive experimentation, we evaluate the performance of advanced scene understanding methods on the annotated dataset and present a synthetic analysis of semantic segmentation results. Based on our findings, we establish some critical challenges towards railway‐scale point cloud semantic segmentation. The dataset is available at https://github.com/NNU‐GISA/GISA‐RailPC, and we will continuously update it based on community feedback.
A method for calculating the time‐varying equivalent circuit parameters of large‐capacity synchronous condenser considering field mutual leakage reactance
Authors: Han Xiao , Liang Yanping , Bian Xu , Wang Weihao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAccurate calculation of equivalent circuit parameters is a prerequisite for accurately calculating the large‐capacity synchronous condenser parameter model. Due to its special transient operating conditions, the high transient magnetic saturation effect during operation causes the non‐linearity and time‐varying of the equivalent circuit parameters. The field mutual leakage reactance is the critical factor affecting the field current, and the time‐varying of the equivalent circuit parameters is closely related to the field current. However, the existing equivalent circuit parameter calculation methods considering field leakage reactance cannot achieve time‐varying parameters. A calculation method of time‐varying equivalent circuit parameters based on a back propagation neural network algorithm is proposed, which solves the calculation problem of time‐varying equivalent circuit parameters considering field mutual leakage reactance. Then, a 300MVar condenser is taken as the research object, and the proposed method is used to simulate the different operating conditions of the condenser and verified by the finite element method and experiment. The results show that the method improves the calculation accuracy of the equivalent circuit parameter model, reduces the calculation time, and applies to different operating conditions.
A black‐box method for the stability analysis of multi‐inverter‐fed power systems using Bode diagrams
Authors: Li Yonggang , Wu Binyuan , Li Jianwen , Wang Yue 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA multi‐inverter‐fed power system is susceptible to small‐signal instability owing to weak grid influence. This study proposes a black‐box method for small‐signal stability analysis of a multi‐inverter‐fed power system based on Bode diagrams. Not only did it consider the technical confidentiality on the engineering site, but it also took into account the presence of right‐half‐plane (RHP) pole in the aggregated impedance, achieving Nyquist circle acquisition through Bode diagrams. The stability analysis process is thus more accurate, intuitive, and convenient. First, black‐box impedance fitting for a single grid‐connected inverter and impedance aggregation for a multi‐inverter‐fed power system are discussed. Second, the principle of the proposed method is elaborated. Using the Bode diagram, the number of RHP poles of the aggregated impedance and actual number of circles for Nyquist curves are identified. Third, a multi‐inverter‐fed power system is constructed, and the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified using case analysis and hardware‐in‐the‐loop real‐time experiments based on RT‐LAB. Finally, the advantages of the proposed method are revealed by comparing it to the IF method.
MA‐ResUNet: Multi‐attention optic cup and optic disc segmentation based on improved U‐Net
Authors: Zhang Xiaoqian , Lin Ying , Li Linxuan , Zeng Jingyu , Lan Xianmei , Zhang Xinyi , Jia Yongjian , Tao Ye , Wang Lin , Wang Yu , Li Yu , Zong Yang , Jin Xin , Liu Panhong , Cheng Xinyu , Zhu Huanhuan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGlaucoma poses a significant threat to vision, capable of causing irreversible damage and, in severe instances, leading to permanent blindness. Accurate optic cup (OC) and optic disc (OD) segmentation are essential in glaucoma screening. In this study, a novel OC and OD segmentation approach is proposed. Based on U‐Net, it is optimized by introducing cardinality dimensions. Moreover, attention gates are implemented to reinforce salient features while suppressing irrelevant information. Additionally, a convolutional block attention module (CBAM) is integrated into the decoder segment. This fusion hones in on effective information in both channel and spatial dimensions. Meanwhile, an image processing procedure is proposed for image normalization and enhancement. All of these increase the accuracy of the model. This model is evaluated on the ORIGA and REFUGE datasets, demonstrating the model's superiority in OC and OD segmentation compared to the state‐of‐the‐art methods. Additionally, after the proposed image processing, cup‐to‐disc ratio (CDR) prediction on a batch of 155 in‐house fundus images yields an absolute CDR error of 0.099, which is reduced by 0.04 compared to the case where only conventional processing was performed.
Strain for toughened epoxy resin composites for GIL tri‐post insulators under tension and electric fields
Authors: Hao Liucheng , Ren Weibin , Chen Rui , Wang Yaxiang , Yang Minzheng , Zhang Mufeng , Yuan Duanpeng , Shen Yang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractToughening plays a key role in epoxy resins (EPs) and their composites for high voltage gas‐insulated switchgear (GIL) tri‐post insulators and receives a lot of attention. However, there are still limited research studies on strain and its distribution for the toughened EPs and composites under tension and especially under high electric fields. Herein, the intrinsically toughening mechanism of EPs (toughening ability: EP‐B > EP‐A) and their composites with Al2O3 (toughening ability: EP‐Bcom > EP‐Acom) was explored in terms of chemical characterisation by IR and molecular motion via differential scanning calorimetry and dielectric spectra. A low rigid segment content in EPs contributes to the excellent toughness. Two‐dimensional digital image correlation (2D‐DIC) and three‐dimensional DIC (3D‐DIC) were utilised to probe strain and its distribution in EPs and their composites under tension and electric fields, respectively. EP‐B with more toughness endows it with a larger strain εF under tensile fields and a greater strain amplitude |εE| under electric fields than EP‐A, such as 9278 με at 1 kN, 16.9% greater than EP‐A and 9767 με at 10 kV/mm, 19.3% higher than EP‐A. In addition, all samples show minus strain under electric fields due to compression. With the introduction of Al2O3, EP‐Bcom exhibits a εF of 2870 με at 1 kN, 69.1% lower than that of EP‐B and 49.4% greater than that of EP‐Acom, and it provides |εE| of 5351 με at 10 kV/mm, 45.2% lower than that of EP‐B and 13.2% greater than that of EP‐Acom. Further, samples with more toughness deliver more uniform strain distribution whether under tension or electric fields.
Performance evaluation of PUC7‐based multifunction single‐phase solar active filter in real outdoor environments: Experimental insights
Authors: Khettab Soufiane , Kheldoun Aissa , Bradai Rafik , Oubelaid Adel , Kumar Sandeep , Khosravi Nima 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a novel architecture to enhance the performance of grid‐connected photovoltaic (PV) systems through the introduction of several key novelties. Firstly, a packed U‐cell seven‐level (PUC7)‐based single‐phase solar active filter is implemented, offering a comprehensive solution for harmonics mitigation, reactive power compensation, and efficient power extraction from the PV source, while facilitating the injection of real power into the grid. Secondly, the p‐q power injection algorithm is modified to accommodate the extraction of solar power from the PV generator to the grid, simultaneously addressing the need for harmonic current injection to improve power quality. This modification ensures dynamic performance by extracting reference current with harmonic content and solar power information, thereby enhancing the system's overall efficiency. Lastly, the proposed architecture undergoes real outdoor testing, validating its performance in various key aspects including maximum power tracking, reduction of total harmonic distortion in comparison with previous work, operation at unity power factor, and testing the effective operation of the multifunction feature. These contributions collectively demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system in enhancing power injection quality and reactive power compensation under real outdoor conditions of PV systems connected to the grid.