bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Cleanup Strategies and Remedial Costs at the Wafra Oil Field, Kuwait
Authors: Quillen Todd W. , Wyatt Jeff , Al-Dossari Mohammed , Merritt Steve , Davis Andy , Sheffield Jesse , Fahmy Yasser 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Over 380 hectares of evaporation pits were used to manage produced water required remediation in response to environmental master planning at the Wafra oil field. To facilitate closure of these impoundments, a risk-based cleanup was selected wherein the former pit areas were backfilled using the reclaimed contents which were temporarily stored as stockpiles after stabilization and sampling. A risk assessment conducted for the site identified 3.2% total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) as a cutoff protective of human health, however, to adhere to the precautionary principal, material containing 1 to 3.2% TPH (type B) was consigned to deeper areas of the former pits, capped with 1 m of &lt;1% TPH material (type A), and overlain by a minimum 30 cm of clean sand to facilitate revegetation. This paper describes a novel, multi-year approach to streamlining the remediation of &gt;2 million m3 of impacted sand in a complex environmental setting, while meeting stringent international risk guidelines.
Initially, laboratory analytical data from a stockpile boring program were correlated with field test-kit and color analyzer measurements to develop a simple field TPH measurement tool. Then statistical analysis coupled with computation of pit volumes and three-dimensional modeling of the site was used to describe the spatial distribution of types A and B in the stockpiles and a redistribution strategy developed to meet remedial goals.
Quantification of spatial TPH distribution in the five stockpiles allowed optimization of hauling distances to the pit locations, while use of real-time global positioning system (GPS) survey data of the stockpile reduction in conjunction with geographic information system (GIS) applications allowed for accurate calculation of volumes excavated and placed as backfill, facilitating contractor invoicing. The use of sophisticated computer technology as part of the overall project design streamlined engineering design, while the GIS methodology also tracked real-time progress and provided final documentation for the project.
Optimizing Stakeholder Communication through Institutional & Community Focal Points to Foster a Stable Operating Environment
Authors: Hirst Robert , Rascher Jeanette , Zerriatte Reda , Al-Shamsi AbdulSalam , Aidrus Mohammed 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The main objective of this article is to provide significant new knowledge on the utilization of institutional and community focal points as a tool used in Yemen to communicate and manage information between the Company and its project neighbours to foster a stable and understanding environment. Taking into account that these institutional and community focal points are dedicated and voluntary stakeholders, the focal point system for communication is unique as it supports effective project implementation geared towards sustainable stability during the Operations phase of the Project.
As the country's largest-ever industrial investment project, it is essential for Yemen LNG Company to raise awareness of the Project activities among affected communities, and to define and manage stakeholder issues and expectations. The Company has developed a Public Consultation and Disclosure Plan (PCDP) and Community Development Programs (CDPs) to support a stable operating environment, to develop long-term relationships with project stakeholders and to bring social and environmental benefits to key stakeholders which translate into long-term self-sustained development.
The tribal context, local governance, institutional structures and socio-economic and socio-cultural conditions in the operating locus are challenging, and in-depth knowledge of these characteristics was essential to translate it into appropriate communication tools and messages to achieve the desired objectives. Throughout the Project, a great deal of experience, research and information about stakeholders, especially the neighbouring tribal communities and relations with them, their level of comprehension about the project and the social and cultural structures which govern behaviours and access to information have been gathered.
Taking into account that effective communication tools have to be sensitive and appropriate, in order to ensure the participation of stakeholders, knowledge of the area in which the Project operates and its characteristics (including geographical information, tribal structures and affiliations, socio-economic and socio-cultural circumstances, as well as lessons learned from the Construction phase of the project) is important to optimize communication through community and institutional focal points to ensure social stability. This has much wider application for large construction projects in culturally sensitive areas.
Contractor Management and HSE Prequalification in Yemen
Authors: Al-Showaiter Marwan , Hirst Robert 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACT
Description - This paper describes how Yemen LNG has effectively managed the HSE aspects of contractor performance on a large construction project/operation in Yemen.
Application - Contracted work with respect to the management of HSE presents a constant challenge for any company. Yemen LNG Ltd considers that dealing with contracted work is one of the Company's top priorities, in the sense that contractors should have HSE systems in place so that the work is carried out safely without any harm to staff, assets or the environment. Contractor management in Yemen presents many challenges as in many instances the indigenous workforce will have only a very basic knowledge of HSE, poor management systems and unskilled personnel.
Results - Yemen LNG has over recent years been working on the improvement of the process applied to contracted work, from prequalification to the actual management of the selected contractor to carry out work. It encourages local contractors to participate in work and as part of their capacity development of the local company's works together with the companies to step by step enhance their competence. The capacity of local companies is also to build by partnering with other companies.
The process which YLNG has adopted is to encourage local contractors to undertake jobs at the appropriate skill level and at the same time provide support through training & inspections/audits which are carried out at various stages of the contractual cycle.
Significance - The basis of our prequalification is to determine how effectively potential contractors identify and manage hazards. We expect that potential contractors will develop a systematic approach and comprehensive plans to address such issues through documentation and work practices. Our goal is to actively encourage the alignment of our HSE cultures in a climate of continuous improvement. This is an area in which a large part of our effort is applied. If we feel that an individual contract doesn't meet the company's requirements or standards, we take the initiative to assist contractors both pre and post award to meet the company's standards
Conflict Management by Corporate Social Investments
Authors: Moraes Jorge 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Based on negotiations of compensation and reparation for environmental damage in the State of Rio de Janeiro-Brazil, this paper deals with the role of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as main strategic instrument to set up a relationship among State, businesses and the civil society in the process of licensing and deploying gas pipelines. In this kind of process, some cultural aspects, such as a social pattern based in philanthropy and paternalism, make difficult for any agreement to be reached among the stakeholders. Moreover, the risk of environmental corruption demands a really special care. As a result, the process of licensing becomes slow and fragile. In some cases, negotiation ends up unsuccessful. This particular model coexists with an imperious need for investments in energy, leading to a hard contradiction between a traditional behavior and the surge of modern consumerism habits. Besides, local legislation and bureaucracy allow for few or no options to solve the conflict. In this context, as will be seen, CSR is a preferential way to establish fruitful dialog. It was used to make easy deployment of two gas pipelines across 15 cities in the State of Rio de Janeiro. By means of Corporate Social Investments (CSI), breaking communication barriers and providing alternatives to solve the original contradiction, it is possible to create a common experience of local development among entrepreneurs, state and community.
The Creation Of Cost Effective Prevention Strategies For Business Travelers and Expatriates: Analysis of Medical Evacuation/Repatriation Data
Authors: Deroose Patrick 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
One of the major exposures of any company with staff overseas is the number of emergency medical evacuation and repatriations. Based on the analysis of a single year (9/07-9/08) of case activity in one industry segment we will recommend a method for cost effective preventive measures.
5057 cases including 40 companies in the energy, mining and infrastructure (EMI) industry were analyzed. We analyzed medical evacuations and repatriations for different diagnostic categories (using ICD9 codes) for business travelers and expatriates. To facilitate the process we developed a proprietary country medical risk assessment tool. Based on a matrix differentiating staff (business traveler and expatriate), diagnostic category, and country medical risk profile we are able to identify cost effective prevention programs based on the basic prioritization system previously described by Issel et al (2004) in the context of an overall occupational health strategy.
The overall incident rate for medical evacuations and repatriations was 7% of all assistance cases in the entire population of 5057 members in the examined 40 companies within the EMI industry segment. Within the entire population the three main reasons for emergency medical evacuation were 28% accident and injury, 14 % cardiovascular disorders, and 14 % gastro-intestinal disorders. This distribution, however, was different for business traveler when compared to expatriate. The cost per case in high risk country is double as compared to a moderate risk country where risk is quantified by geography, economy, stability and local healthcare.
Our results clearly indicate that companies can target their preventive programs to achieve the best return on investment in an overall occupational health strategy which comprises preparation, compliance, tracking, and communication, with overarching support of medical and security expertise and assistance services.
Behavioural Based Safety Behind the Wheel
Authors: Pelly Roger , Pillai Murali 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Land transport continues to be a major safety concern in the oil & gas industry, in the Middle East and elsewhere.
It has long been recognized that a holistic approach to driving safety is the most effective way to improve safety and reduce accident rates. Methods employed include pre-employment screening driver training and assessment, journey management, vehicle monitors, and vehicle selection.
This paper considers the behavioural aspect of some of these conventional approaches to driving safety and goes on to describe how Baker Hughes has expanded its behavioural observation programme to educate and encourage vehicle passengers to interact more with drivers. Passengers intervene to give feedback for both safe and unsafe actions. The passenger observations are recorded on pocket cards for later entry into a global database for analysis.
Experience from this recently introduced approach is discussed, including the challenges encountered and how they are being addressed.
Prevalence and Management of Behavioural and Psychiatric Symptoms on a Continuing Care Unit for Patients with Dementia
Authors: Balalle Champa , Jayalath Dilini , Shankar Kuttalingham , Ashaye Kunle 
Published: January 2011

Objectives: With the increasing concerns over the safety of some pharmacological interventions or lack of sufficient evidence of effectiveness in managing neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia, there is a constant need to review how such patients are managed. This study looks at the prevalence and management of behavioural and psychiatric symptoms amongst patients with dementia in a National Health Service (NHS) continuing care unit. Method: In this study, a survey of all 50 patients admitted to a longstay NHS-funded dementia care unit was carried out. The socio-demographic details along with severity of dementia, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and medication were obtained on all the patients. Findings: All 50 patients were prescribed some form of medication for either physical and/or mental health reasons. Only five (10%) patients were not prescribed any form of psychotropic medication. A lack of non-pharmacological treatment options for the treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms was evident in the unit with only one occupational therapist available. Conclusion: Effective management of severe behavioural and psychiatric symptoms in dementia is challenging even in a NHS continuing care dementia unit due to the absence of clear benefit from pharmacological interventions and lack of resources for optimum non-pharmacological interventions.
Bioactivity of wine prepared from ripened and over-ripened kiwifruit
Authors: Towantakavanit Korsak , Park Yong , Gorinstein Shela 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
In order to evaluate the fruit maturity value of ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) as material for wine production, ripened and over-ripened fruit samples were analyzed. In addition, the effect of pectinase enzyme treatment on physicochemical characteristics of the wine during the fermentation process was also examined. The results showed that wine production from ripening kiwifruit took almost twice as long as from over-ripened fruit. The yield of wine production was increased from 63.35% to 66.19% by using riper kiwifruits and adding pectinase before amelioration. The soluble solid content (13.5%) in the wine produced from over-ripened fruits increased in comparison with the wine produced from ripened samples (10.3%). In both groups there was a decrease to 5° Brix at the end of fermentation. Difference of fruit maturity did not have a significant effect on acidy, pH, nor color of wine. The highest scores of total acceptance estimated during fermentation were for wine made from over-ripened fruits. Total phenolics content and antioxidant activities were similar in both wine groups while the mineral content, especially potassium, in wine made from over-ripened kiwifruit was higher than wine produced from ripened fruits. In conclusion, the quality characteristics of kiwifruit wine made from over-ripened fruit treated with pectinase showed higher values of wine in many aspects such as sensory value, alcohol and total phenolics content, antioxidant activity, minerals and production yield.
Preliminary histological observations on grapevine affected by esca disease
Authors: Andreini Lucia , Viti Raffaella , Scalabrelli Giancarlo 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Esca is a destructive disease of the woody tissues of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) and due to the complexity of disease many aspects of host-pathogen interactions are not clearly understood. The histological characteristics of esca symptomatic petioles and internodes, collected from Cabernet Sauvignon and Sangiovese grapevine were studied. The tissues were fixed in FAA, dehydrated and embedded in Histoplast. To identify the lignified cell walls the sections were stained by Crystal violet and Erythrosin B and observed using an optical microscope. The main feature of tissues infected by esca disease was the minor lignification of vascular tissues, which was observed in petiole tissues before appearance of esca symptoms. The opportunity to utilize the histological examination of tissues as a method for the early detection of esca infections is hypothesized for the future application.
CSF and serum total-tau and phospho-tau(181P) in MS patients
Authors: Jaworski Jacek , Psujek Marek , Bartosik-Psujek Halina 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn search of biological marker in multiple sclerosis (MS), total-tau and phospho-tau (Thr181) concentrations were established in CSF and serum of 78 patients with MS, using commercially available kits. Serum and CSF concentrations of IgG, IgM, and albumin were assayed simultaneously to calculate quotients and indices of intrathecal synthesis. Serum t-tau detection was strikingly low (23.1%); therefore, this factor was excluded from further analysis. Serum p-tau levels did not correlate with any of indices or quotients. Unexpectedly, CSF t-tau and p-tau showed an inverse relation with MSSS and EDSS, which has not been published elsewhere. Our results do not support utility of serum t-tau and p-tau as surrogate markers for MS.
Modelling of nanocrystalline iron nitriding process — influence of specific surface area
Authors: Pelka Rafał , Arabczyk Walerian 
Published: January 2011

AbstractSamples of iron catalysts of various specific surface areas for ammonia synthesis underwent nitriding with ammonia in a tubular reactor where continuous thermogravimetric measurement and measurements of hydrogen concentration in the gaseous phase were simultaneously performed. The nitriding process was performed under atmospheric pressure at 475°C. It was observed that, along with an increase in the mean size of iron nano-crystallites, the minimum nitriding potential (at which the iron nitriding reaction is initiated) of the gaseous phase also increased. The degree of nitriding of the catalyst samples increased with the increase in the mean size of iron crystallites. On the basis of the values of nitriding potential, nano-crystallite size distributions can be determined.
A note on warped product submanifolds of Kenmotsu manifolds
Authors: Khan Viqar , Khan Khalid , Siraj-Uddin  
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Warped product manifolds are known to have applications in Physics. For instance, they provide an excellent setting to model space-time near a black hole or a massive star (cf. [HONG, S. T.: Warped products and black holes, Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. B 120 (2005), 1227–1234]). The studies on warped product manifolds with extrinsic geometric point of view are intensified after B. Y. Chen’s work on CR-warped product submanifolds of Kaehler manifolds. Later on, similar studies are carried out in the setting of Sasakian manifolds by Hasegawa and Mihai. As Kenmotsu manifolds are themselves warped product spaces, it is interesting to investigate warped product submanifolds of Kenmotsu manifolds. In the present note a larger class of warped product submanifolds than the class of contact CR-warped product submanifolds is considered. More precisely the existence of warped product submanifolds of a Kenmotsu manifold with one of the factors an invariant submanifold is ensured, an example of such submanifolds is provided and a characterization for a contact CR-submanifold to be a contact CR-warped product submanifold is established.
Preference orders and continuous representations
Authors: Caterino Alessandro , Ceppitelli Rita , Mehta Ghanshyam 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
In this paper we prove some general theorems on the existence of continuous order-preserving functions on topological spaces with a continuous preorder. We use the concepts of network and netweight to prove new continuous representation theorems and we establish our main results for topological spaces that are countable unions of subspaces. Some results in the literature on path-connected, locally connected and separably connected spaces are shown to be consequences of the general theorems proved in the paper. Finally, we prove a continuous representation theorem for hereditarily separable spaces.
Analysis of Fatty Acids in Ghee and Olive Oil and Their Probable Causal Effect in Lipoid Pneumonia
Authors: Mirghani Zein , Zein Tayseer , Annoble Samuel , Winter John , Mostafa Randa 
Published: January 2011

Analysis of Fatty Acids in Ghee and Olive Oil and Their Probable Causal Effect in Lipoid PneumoniaLipoid pneumonia develops when lipids enter the bronchial tree. This form of pneumonia is common in some developing countries where it is a traditional practice to give infants oily products (ghee and olive oil) for various reasons. We have analyzed and identified the fatty acids found in homemade ghee and in olive oil and compared them to fatty acids found in bronchoalveolar lavage of children with lipoid pneumonia. The three fatty acids common to homemade ghee, olive oil and bronchoalveolar lavage are linoleic, oleic, and stearic. The rest of the fatty acids, namely, lauric, myristoleic, myristic, pentadecenoic, pentadecanoic, heptadecenoic and heptadecanoic are found either in homemade ghee and/or olive oil but not in bronchoalveolar lavage. Therefore the deleterious effects to the lung parenchyma found in lipoid pneumonia are probably caused by these three fatty acids. Further investigations are required to ascertain the effects of the individual fatty acids found in homemade ghee and olive oil.
Cardiovascular Disorders of Turner's Syndrome: A Review
Authors: Yuan S-M , Jing H 
Published: January 2011

Cardiovascular Disorders of Turner's Syndrome: A ReviewA series of cardiovascular abnormalities may be associated with Turner's Syndrome (TS). Over 50% of the reported cardiovascular malformations have been bicuspid aortic valve or coarctation of the aorta alone. or in a combination, which may lead to a higher risk for infective endocarditis. Isolated dilation of the ascending aorta was often seen in TS, while aortic dissection has been increasingly observed in recent years. The aortic root dilation was found more likely to be due to a mesenchymal defect rather than atherosclerotic changes. Women with TS are often hypertensive as a result of aortic abnormality or renal vascular disorder. They have an increased risk of developing neoplasms, such as gonadoblastoma and dysgerminoma, and therefore they may require regular monitoring while receiving hormone therapy. In patients with gonadal dysgenesis, exogenous estrogen treatment poses a problem of connective tissue disorders of the great vessels. To resolve the contradiction between exogenous estrogen therapies and the hold-up of the progression of the connective tissue abnormality is a topic to be coped with. Careful clinical assessment is mandatory in the evaluation of patients with TS with cardiovascular abnormalities.