bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reducing discomfort while measuring crown–heel length in neonates
Authors: Pereira‐Da‐Silva Luis , Bergmans Kim I. M. , Van Kerkhoven Lieke A. S. , Leal Frederico , Virella Daniel , Videira‐Amaral João M. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: To assess the degree of discomfort caused by length measurement in neonates, performed with one or both lower limbs extended, on the first and second day after birth, with either one or both lower limbs extended. Methods: Healthy full‐term neonates were systematically sampled during the months of February and March 2004. Crown–heel length was measured, using a 1‐mm precision neonatometer, at approximately 8 h and 32 h after birth, with one and both lower limbs extended. The Neonatal Facial Coding System was used to assess discomfort during measurements. Data were analysed by parametric and non‐parametric tests as appropriate. Results: Whatever the measurement technique, discomfort scores are significantly higher during the length measurement than at baseline. Whenever length measurements are performed, discomfort scores are significantly higher when extending both lower limbs rather than one lower limb (p<0.006). The measured length is greater with one lower limb extended; however, the difference decreases over time, being 0.19 cm (95% CI 0.1–0.3; p<0.001) at approximately 32 h of age. No significant differences in length were found between measurements at approximately 8 or 32 h, regardless of the technique used. The best correlation between length measurements with one or both lower limbs extended was observed at approximately 32 h after birth (r=0.98). Conclusion
: Measuring crown–heel length is a distressful procedure for the neonate. Measurements with one lower limb extended result in less discomfort than when both lower limbs are extended, without decreasing the accuracy.
Influenza in children
Authors: Heikkinen Terho 
Published: August 2010

AbstractExcess mortality associated with annual influenza epidemics is highest among persons over 65 y of age, and therefore influenza is often regarded as an illness of the elderly population. Ample evidence indicates, however, that the burden of influenza is also substantial in children, and that children have a central role in the spread of influenza in the community during epidemics. Vaccination of children against influenza could bring about substantial health benefits not only to children themselves but also to persons in other age groups. Conclusion: General awareness about the total impact of influenza in children should be increased among both healthcare personnel and the parents of children. More widespread vaccination of children should be considered to decrease the burden of influenza on children and wider society.
The use of scoring systems in patients with haematological malignancy
Authors: Hughes Derralynn A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractHughes D.A. The use of scoring systems in patients with haematological malignancy. Acta Pædiatr 2006;00:00–00. Stockholm. ISSN 0803‐XXXXThe utility of predictive systems in patients with haematological malignancy stems both from the heterogeneity of disease presentation and from the inherent disadvantages of therapy. There is an acute morbidity and mortality associated with chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation, a need for long term follow‐up, the possibility of treatment failure and the issue of cost. In general, the value of a scoring system is in its ability to quantify disease burden, classify patient subgroups and predict disease course. Successful scoring systems are disease‐specific, have been validated in an independent population and are useful in different countries, centres and individuals. There should be good discrimination of poorly responsive and optimally responsive populations and a high rate of prediction of the disease course for individual patients. Optimal utility should be provided by a few variables which are independent, highly predictive and easy to obtain. Other considerations include economic evaluation and adaptation for population changes over time. Conclusion: Experience gained from the use of staging and scoring systems in haematology provides useful insights into their potential use in Fabry disease and other lysosomal storage diseases. Such systems may help to predict whom to treat, when to treat and what response is likely to be achieved.
Surgery in disabled children: General gastroenterological aspects
Authors: Ceriati Emanuela , De Peppo Francesco , Ciprandi Guido , Marchetti Paola , Silveri Massimiliano , Rivosecchi Massimo 
Published: August 2010

AbstractCerebral palsy (CP) is a non‐progressive but not unchanging disorder of movement and/or posture, due to an insult to or anomaly of the developing brain. Gastrointestinal surgery can play a role in the treatment of pathologies frequently associated with a condition of neurological impairment such as gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (antireflux procedure), feeding difficulties (percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy/jejunostomy) and swallowing difficulties (ligation of salivary gland ducts). Gastro‐oesophageal reflux occurs in up to 70–75% of children with cerebral palsy. Children with gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) may present with feeding difficulties, recurrent vomiting and recurrent chest infection associated with poor growth and nutrition, reactive airway disease particularly nocturnal asthma, choking attacks, anaemia, and wheezing. Nutritional deprivation in children with cerebral palsy is the summation of several factors which result in reduced intake. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) has radically changed the handling of children with nutritional problems who, before the introduction of this procedure, were force fed parenterally or enterally, by nasogastric tube, conventional surgical gastrostomy or central venous access. In children with CP, PEG is the preferred technique for long‐term enteral feeding. Swallowing dysfunction is the main cause of drooling in cerebral palsy, and medical treatment is often inefficient. Surgical treatment involves neurectomy, translocation of the salivary duct, salivary gland resection or salivary duct (parotid and submandibular) ligation.  Conclusion: This review focuses on the role of surgery in managing gastrointestinal aspects in children with CP and, in particular, surgical experience at our department with fundoplication, PEG placement and ligation of salivary ducts.
Ethical issues in neonatal intensive care and physicians’ practices: A European perspective
Authors: Cuttini Marina , Casotto Veronica , Orzalesi Marcello ,   THE EURONIC STUDY GROUP
Published: August 2010

AbstractAn international project (EURONIC) was carried out to explore the end‐of‐life decision‐making process in a large, representative sample of neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in eight western European countries: France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Spain and Sweden. Structured questionnaires were used to record data on NICU organization and policies, and to survey staff views and practices regarding ethical decision‐making. One hundred and twenty‐two NICUs were recruited by census or random sampling (response rate 86%); 1235 physicians and 3115 nurses completed the staff questionnaire (response rates 89 and 85%, respectively). This paper focuses on the physicians’ answers. In all countries but Italy, most physicians reported having been involved at least once in setting limits to intensive care because of a baby's incurable condition and/or poor neurological prognosis. Adopted strategies varied between countries. Practices such as the continuation of current treatment without intensifying it and the withholding of emergency manoeuvres appeared widespread. In contrast, the frequency of doctors reporting withdrawal of mechanical ventilation was highest in the Netherlands (93%), Sweden (91%) and the Great Britain (88%), intermediate in France and Germany, and lowest in Spain and Italy (34 and 21%, respectively). Conclusion: Ethically problematic clinical cases are approached differently in the various countries. The findings of this study may provide an opportunity for physicians to review their practices critically, in light of how other colleagues proceed, and foster an open discussion about these difficult issues.
Moderately elevated body mass index is associated with metabolic variables and cardiovascular risk factors in Swedish children
Authors: Larsson Christel , Hernell Olle , Lind Torbjörn 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAim:  To evaluate associations between anthropometrics and metabolic variables as well as cardiovascular risk factors among children.Methods:  Subjects were recruited from a cohort of 274 healthy children in Umeå, Sweden. Anthropometric measures, blood pressure and venous blood samples were collected at age 10 years and simultaneously from parents.Results:  Altogether 144 children (53%), 142 mothers and 123 fathers participated. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among the children was 18 and 2%, respectively. Overweight children (above age‐ and sex‐specific cut offs corresponding adult BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2), compared to normal weight children, had significantly higher BMI already during infancy and higher S‐insulin and Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA) index at 10 years. The children’s BMI was positively associated with waist (boys’ r = 0.67, girls’ r = 0.81), hip (r = 0.68), waist/hip ratio (girls’ r = 0.37), waist/height ratio (boys’ r = 0.59, girls’ r = 0.80), sagittal abdominal diameter (r = 0.75), S‐insulin (r = 0.45), HOMA index (r = 0.49), systolic blood pressure (r = 0.24), mothers’ BMI (girls’ r = 0.42) and mothers’ waist (girls’ r = 0.42).Conclusion:  Children at 10 years of age with moderately elevated BMI had higher levels of some metabolic variables and cardiovascular risk factors than did normal weight children, and there was a correlation between BMI and some metabolic variables as well as cardiovascular risk factors.
EFFECT OF COMBINED UNDERWATER PROCESSING AND MILD PRECUT HEAT TREATMENT ON THE SENSORY QUALITY AND STORAGE OF FRESH‐CUT CANTALOUPE MELON
Authors: BETT‐GARBER KAREN L. , WATSON MICHAEL A. , LEA JEANNE M. , CHAMPAGNE ELAINE T. , LAMIKANRA OLUSOLA 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT Improvement of storage quality of fresh‐cut cantaloupe using a combination precut heat treatment and a modified underwater cutting treatment was determined. Eating quality was evaluated using descriptive sensory analysis, and fruit integrity was measured with respiration, cell leakage and product weight loss. Treatments included (1) control (no treatment); (2) making the first longitudinal cut underwater; (3) mild precut heat treatment in a water bath at 60C for 60 min; and (4) combination of precut heat treatment and the underwater cutting methods. Precut heating and processing underwater resulted in more intense fruity/melon flavor compared to conventional processed fresh‐cut fruit. Reduced electrolyte leakage and enhanced membrane integrity were observed in all three experimental treatments, as evidenced by lower conductivity measurements. The underwater cut and combined treatments significantly reduced respiration during fresh‐cut storage, reflecting less physical stress and membrane damage. Weight loss was not significantly affected by any treatment during fresh‐cut storage. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThere is a steady increase in the consumption of fresh‐cut produce. To enhance the storage quality of fresh‐cut cantaloupe melon, two minimal processing techniques were examined separately and combined. The methods are mild heat treatment of the whole melon at 60C for 60 min then cooling to 4C for 24 h, cutting the cantaloupe in half and removing the seeds while submerged in a calcium chloride and water solution, and the combination of the two treatments. These methods are simple and can be utilized by small or large processors to maintain sensory quality and fruit integrity during storage.
A Review Of Pulpotomy Therapy In The Primary Dentition
Authors: Mekertichian Kareen 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPulp therapy for primary teeth and the options for management remains a controversial and often confusing topic. The choice of pulpotomy medicaments, regimes and clinical techniques have sometimes been empirically based and vary considerably between different parts of the world. This paper will present an overview of the dental and clinical parameters useful in assessing pulpotomy therapy in primary teeth as well as a brief summary of the more commonly utilised pulpotomy medicaments available.
SERUM LIPIDS AND OTHER CORONARY RISK FACTORS IN SYDNEY BLOOD DONORS: A COMPARISON WITH OTHER AUSTRALIAN SUBJECTS
Authors: Brennan Peter J. , Simpson Judy M. , McGilchrist Clyde A. , Blacket Ralph B. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe distribution of body weight, body weight index, serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides, serum urate and systolic blood pressure are given for 600 male and 400 female Sydney blood donors, aged 20 to 49. The mean values rise with age but to different degrees and at different rates for each sex. The prevalence of high values of two or more variables also rises with age. Comparisons with findings in other Australian surveys show the high levels of risk factors for coronary disease in all the Australian populations so far studied and reported.
ACCESS TO A QUEENSLAND COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICES CENTRE THROUGH COMMUNITY CARETAKERS
Authors: Raymer Vera 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWhen persons needing health and welfare services do not know about available resources, their access to such services depends in part upon the people they have contact with in the community being knowledgeable and making appropriate referrals. Groups of community “caretakers” were surveyed to find their level of awareness of a community health services centre in their city. Most respondents were aware of the community health services centre but did not have a clear understanding of its objectives and functions. The community caretakers thought the centre could increase their knowledge of its functions by more personal contact by staff members with individuals and professional groups in the community and through increased press publicity, the issuing of brochures, cards and pamphlets.
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND CANCER MORTALITY IN AUSTRALIA, BY OCCUPATION, IN RELATION TO DRINKING, SMOKING AND EATING
Authors: McMichael A. J. , Hartshorne J. M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe evidence that alcoholic drinks, tobacco smoking, and aspects of diet contribute to various cardio vascular diseases and cancers is now substantial. Cause‐specific death rates have been calculated here for fourteen Australian male occupational groups, for 1968–76, at ages 30–64. Strong positive correlations occur between presumptive alcohol consumption (liver cirrhosis) and upper alimentary tract cancers and cerebrovascular disease (stroke); between tobacco (lung cancer) and upper alimentary tract cancers and ischaemic heart disease; between low socioeconomic status (SES) (for example labourers, miners, hotel workers, storemen and waterside workers) and stomach cancer; and between high SES status (for example doctors, administrators, executives and lawyers) and colon cancer. The aetiological significance of these findings is discussed.
COMPARISON OF MERCURY IN HAIR WITH FISH EATING HABITS OF CHILDREN IN AUCKLAND
Authors: Kjellstrom T. E. , Reeves Robyn L. , Mitchell J. W. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe mercury concentrations of hair samples from groups of Auckland schoolchildren increased with increasing fish consumption and decreased with increasing age. Polynesian children had higher mean levels than Europeans. Ninety‐five percent of values for 14–15 year old children were in the range 0.27‐5.30 μg Hg/g (Polynesian) and 0.09‐4.10 μg Hg/g (European).Only 3 children of 415 studied had hair mercury concentration above 6 μg/g, which corresponds to the WHO maximum tolerable weekly mercury intake. In view of the known high levels of mercury in certain locally consumed fish, the data are reassuring. Owing to the uncertainty of toxic levels for sensitive groups, such as the foetus of pregnant women, further studies of mercury exposure and toxicity are needed.
THE AUTOMATION OF OCCUPATIONAL MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE
Authors: Mathews John A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA number of companies have introduced systems of automated medical surveillance in the past few years. The computer blocks of information which they store can be used to carry out prospective concurrent epidemiological monitoring or to perform case control studies where a hazard is suspected. This paper reviews the various systems in operation, distils from them the principles of a sound system and discusses recent developments in Australia.
SEASONAL VARIATION OF MORTALITY IN QUEENSLAND
Authors: Scragg Robert 
Published: August 2010

AbstractQueensland mortality shows a seasonal, age‐dependent variation in cardio‐vascular and respiratory diseases, although not in malignant neoplasms. The hypotheses previously put forward to explain the winter increases in respiratory disease and cardiovascular disease are discussed and a new hypothesis is considered, that the winter rise in cardiovascular disease is due to decreased exposure to ultraviolet radiation. It is concluded that the relative importance of the factors which may be causing the seasonal variations in disease, will have to be determined by analytical studies of individuals.
HEALTH‐RELATED ASPECTS OF LIFESTYLE IN GENERAL HOSPITAL PATIENTS
Authors: Oldenburg B. , MacMahon S.W. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractHealth‐related aspects of lifestyle were surveyed in a random sample of adult inpatients from a general hospital in Sydney. The results were compared with the results of the National Heart Foundation of Australia 1980 Risk Factor Prevalence Study. The results suggest that the lifestyle of male hospital patients in this sample was similar to that of males in the community; the most prevalent lifestyle risk factors being smoking, obesity and heavy alcohol consumption. The lifestyle of female patients was different from that of females in the community; high risk lifestyles were more prevalent in the hospital group. The difference was most pronounced in women under the age of 40, in whom smoking, obesity, heavy alcohol consumption and frequent use of analgesics were 2–3 times more common in hospital patients than in the community sample. Hospitals need to consider more closely the specific health promotion and educational needs of their own patient populations.
DIETARY INTAKE IN A GROUP OF INSTITUTIONALISED ELDERLY AND THE EFFECT OF A FIBRE SUPPLEMENTATION PROGRAMME ON NUTRIENT INTAKE AND WEIGHT GAIN
Authors: Baghurst K.I. , Hope A.K. , Down E.C. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAs part of a long‐term study of the effects of a dietary fibre supplementation programme on bowel function in a group of institutionalised elderly, various aspects of nutritional status were assessed before, and three, six and twelve months after introducing a fibre supplementation programme.Mean dietary intakes were satisfactory throughout the programme, although some individuals had intakes well below recommended levels for certain nutrients. The fibre supplementation programme not only improved bowel function, but also improved the nutrient density of the diet. Despite a slight increase in total energy intake, supplementation did not increase mean body weights in the group. Trace element status was not adversely affected by the supplementation programme.
THE WEIGHT OF KNOWLEDGE: TEACHERS AND STUDENTS AND DOCTORS AND PATIENTS
Authors: Underwood Peter , Owen Alan 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis paper examines one particular problem in medical education: the rapid accumulation of technical medical knowledge. It is suggested that this development contributes significantly to several major deficiencies in training for clinical practice: it encourages a passive learning model, it helps to undervalue consultation skills and it inappropriately increases the student's anxiety in “not knowing all the facts.” In addition, the emphasis on technical knowledge helps to narrow the focus of attention to technical details at the expense of essential information on the patient's relationships and environment. Knowledge will continue to accumulate; a number of suggestions are made to ameliorate some of the harmful effects of this accumulation on teaching and learning in medical school. They include more emphasis on the process of the consultation and on problem‐solving skills learned experientially rather than mastery of facts. A further recommendation is made to re‐evaluate what is the essential knowledge base so that greater weight is given to information about the patient's relationships, attitudes and beliefs. The paper concludes with an assessment of the major institutional constraints standing in the way of the educational reforms outlined and suggests some ways these could be overcome.
OCCUPATIONAL MORTALITY IN NEW ZEALAND MALES 1974–78
Authors: Pearce Neil E. , Howard J. Kcir 
Published: August 2010

AbstractOccupational mortality among New Zealand males aged 15–64 is examined for the period 1974–78. Age‐standardised mortality rates are presented for each of 6 occupational orders and 79 occupational groups and the rates for major disease groupings are presented for those occupational groups with significantly elevated relative risks. The findings are generally in line with those of the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys for England and Wales and a number of associations which have been found in British studies and were also present in the New Zealand data are discussed. Errors in death registration data, together with its limited nature, hamper this type of study. In addition, problems of selection into, and survival in, occupations and confounding by extrinisic factors such as smoking, diet and general lifestyle further complicate the picture. These problems are discussed in relation to the New Zealand context and it is shown that they can be minimised, but not eliminated, by standardising the data for social class. It is concluded that, although the findings of such routine analyses are rarely new, they may reinforce previous knowledge, thus allowing the assessment in New Zealand of occupations which have demonstrated high mortality in overseas studies.
HALFWAY TO WHERE? A HALFWAY HOUSE FOR EMPLOYED ALCOHOLICS
Authors: Stanhope John M. , Gehlhaar Patricia , Florio Tony 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA halfway house for abstinent alcohol dependants who were employable but lacked social supports was opened in 1973. Experience of the sobriety and employment status of residents up to March 1981 is reviewed.After a mean period of follow‐up of 25 months, 58 per cent were sober and 62 per cent were employed. Control data are lacking to establish what contribution the house made to therapeutic success. Stricter admission criteria are suggested, since demand for places exceeds supply and some subgroups of the clientele did poorly. Younger patients with current or recent employment did well. Neurotic and personality disordered patients are not suitable for this program.