bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Supramolecular” Amphiphiles Created by Wrapping Poly(styrene) with the Helix‐Forming β‐1,3‐Glucan Polysaccharide
Authors: Numata Munenori , Kaneko Kenji , Tamiaki Hitoshi , Shinkai Seiji 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe have demonstrated that giant polymer micelles with a uniform diameter (ca. 200 nm) can be fabricated by “supramolecular wrapping” of poly(styrene) (PS) with the β‐1,3‐glucan polysaccharide, with the β‐1,3‐glucan fastening the PS chains together in a noncovalent fashion to facilitate the formation of a supramolecular polymer network on the O/W emulsion surface. Various spectroscopic and microscopic investigations have revealed that the inner cores of the micelles are comprised of a hydrophobic PS network, whereas the surfaces consist of a hydrophilic β‐1,3‐glucan layer. Accordingly, functional guest molecules can easily be encapsulated inside the cavity through hydrophobic interactions. The encapsulated molecules can simply be released from the micelle cores by peeling off the β‐1,3‐glucan shell in a supramolecular manner. As functional groups can be introduced into the glucose side‐chain unit in a straightforward manner by chemical modification, the micellar surface can acquire further functions useful for molecular recognition. These results show that the micelles obtained could have applications as novel soft nanoparticles, which would be indispensable not only for nanotechnologies, but also for biotechnologies aimed at gene or drug delivery systems.
The Solution Structure and Self‐Association Properties of the Cyclic Lipodepsipeptide Pseudodesmin A Support Its Pore‐Forming Potential
Authors: Sinnaeve Davy , Hendrickx Pieter M. S. , Van hemel Johan , Peys Eric , Kieffer Bruno , Martins José C. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractPseudodesmin A is a cyclic lipodepsipeptide (CLP) of the viscosin group with a moderate in vitro biological activity. For several CLPs, including members of this group, this activity has been related to the ability to form ion pores in cellular membranes. As their size does not allow individual CLPs to span the membrane bilayer, individual monomers must somehow assemble into a larger structure. NMR spectroscopy has been used to demonstrate that in chloroform and other apolar organic solvents, pseudodesmin A monomers assemble into a supramolecular structure. These self‐assembled structures can become sufficiently large to span the membrane bilayer as demonstrated with translational diffusion NMR spectroscopic measurements. With the aim to obtain more insight into the structural nature of this assembly, the solution conformation of pseudodesmin A was first determined by using ROESY (rOe) restraints measured in acetonitrile, in which no self‐association occurs. The structure, which is found to be mostly similar to the previously described crystal structure, is shown to be retained within the supramolecular complex. Intermolecular rOe contacts obtained in chloroform together with chemical shift perturbation data provides structural insight into the organization of the self‐associated complex. Based upon this analysis, a model for the organization of pseudodesmin A monomers in the supramolecular assembly is proposed, which is in agreement with the formation of bilayer spanning hydrophilic pores and provides the basis for a structure–function relationship for this type of CLPs. Finally, it is demonstrated that the differences previously reported between the crystal and solution conformation of the white line inducing principle (WLIP), a close analogue of pseudodesmin A, are the result of the use of dimethyl sulfoxide as solvent, whose strong hydrogen‐bonding capacity induces conformational exchange.
Effect of a mesitylene‐based ligand cap on the relaxometric properties of Gd(III) hydroxypyridonate MRI contrast agents
Authors: Werner Eric J. , Botta Mauro , Aime Silvio , Raymond Kenneth N. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA series of new Gd(III) hydroxypyridonate complexes featuring a mesitylene (ME)‐derived ligand cap has been prepared. Relaxometric characterization reveals that the complexes tend to form large aggregates in solution with slow tumbling rates, as estimated from NMRD analysis, and unique pH‐dependent relaxivities. The solution behavior and relaxometric properties are compared with those observed for analogous TREN‐capped compounds, and the potential for use of these new ME‐capped complexes as pH‐responsive MRI contrast agents is explored. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Methods for an improved detection of the MRI‐CEST effect
Authors: Terreno Enzo , Stancanello Joseph , Longo Dario , Castelli Daniela Delli , Milone Luciano , Sanders Honorius M. H. F. , B. Kok Maarten , Uggeri Fulvio , Aime Silvio 
Published: October 2009

AbstractCEST imaging is a recently introduced MRI contrast modality based on the use of endogenous or exogenous molecules whose exchangeable proton pools transfer saturated magnetization to bulk water, thus creating negative contrast. One of the critical issues for further development of these agents is represented by their limited sensitivity in vivo. The aim of this work is to improve the detection of CEST agents by exploring new approaches through which the saturation transfer (ST) effect can be enhanced. The performance of the proposed methods has been tested in vitro and in vivo using highly sensitive and highly shifted lipoCEST agents, and the results were compared with the standard ST evaluation mode. The acquired Z‐spectra were interpolated locally and voxel‐by‐voxel by smoothing splines. Besides expressing the ST in the standard mode, we explore two methods, enhanced and integral ST, which better exploit all the information contained in the Z‐spectrum. By combining different modes for ST assessment a significant improvement in the detection of the lipoCEST agents, both in vitro and in vivo, has been found. The results obtained from the application of the proposed methods outline the importance of post‐processing analysis for highlighting the CEST‐MRI contrast. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cytology of endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration
Authors: Feller‐Kopman David , Yung Rex Chin‐Wei , Burroughs Frances , Li Qing Kay 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) is a relatively new modality that can be used to guide transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) of mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes and peripheral lung lesions. Few studies have investigated the cytological profile of EBUS‐TBNA specimens. In this study, we have reviewed the cytological profile of 135 consecutive cases, including 71 lymph node cases, 4 lung cases, and 60 cases of both lymph node and lung sampling. Our study contains the largest number of cases in the evaluation of cytomorphology.METHODS:The cytological specimens were collected using an ultrasound bronchofibervideoscope with a 22‐gauge needle and core biopsies were obtained with a 19‐gauge needle. An experienced cytotechnologist performed an immediate on‐site evaluation of adequacy. An immediate assessment was given to the clinician after each pass. In many patients, multiple sites were sampled. The average slides of each case were 9.9 (median of 12), with a range from 2 to 24.RESULTS:Of 131 cases of lymph node sampling, 45 cases (34.6%) were diagnosed as malignant, 73 cases (55.7%) as benign process, 5 cases (3.8%) as suspicious for malignancy, and 1 case (0.8%) as atypical cells. Of the 64 cases of lung lesion sampling, 21 cases (32.8%) were diagnosed as malignant, 35 cases (54.7%) as benign process, 1 case (1.5%) as suspicious for malignancy, and 4 cases (6.3%) as atypical cells. The lymph node nondiagnostic rate was 5.3%, whereas the nondiagnostic rate for lung lesions was 4.7%. Eighty‐eight cases (65.2%, 88/135) had corresponding core biopsies (with a 19‐gauge needle) or follow‐up surgery. When histology was taken as the gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for EBUS‐TBNA were 85.0%, 100%, and 100% and 89.7%, respectively. However, when both histology and clinical follow‐up were considered together, the overall sensitivity and negative predictive values were increased to 94.7% (P < .05) and 96.6% (P < .05), respectively.CONCLUSIONS:This study shows that EBUS‐TBNA is an accurate and sensitive method for diagnosing and staging lung cancer. The constant challenge that we as cytopathologists are now facing is how to improve our diagnostic ability and accuracy for lung cancer. We believe that this optimal goal can be achieved with the effective use of EBUS‐TBNA sampling and collaboration with our clinical colleagues. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Adsorption of Large Organic Molecules on Clean and Hydroxylated Rutile TiO2(110) Surfaces
Authors: Godlewski Szymon , Tekiel Antoni , Budzioch Janusz , Gourdon Andre , Prauzner‐Bechcicki Jakub S. , Szymonski Marek 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBehavior of large organic molecules equipped with spacer groups (Violet Landers, VL) on the TiO2(110)‐(1×1) surfaces is investigated by means of high‐resolution scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Two distinct adsorption geometries are observed. We demonstrate that the molecule adsorption morphology can be alternated by well‐controlled STM tip‐induced manipulation. It is used to probe the mobility of molecules and reveals locking in one of the analyzed adsorption sites, thus allow to enhance or reduce the mobility along the [001] direction. Field induced hydrogen desorption is used to perform lateral STM manipulation on a hydroxyl‐free surface, which provides insight into the influence of surface hydroxyl groups on the molecule behavior. The ability to image with submolecular resolution both the central board and the spacer groups of the VL molecule is demonstrated.
Elastic and elasto‐optical properties of Rb1–x(NH4)xH2AsO4 mixed crystals studied by Brillouin spectroscopy
Authors: Trzaskowska A. , Mielcarek S. , Mroz B. , Trybula Z. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe elastic and elasto‐optical properties of Rb1–x (NH4)x H2AsO4 mixed crystals were studied by Brillouin spectroscopy at room temperature. The measurements were made on single crystals obtained from the aqueous solution by slow evaporation. The behaviour of bulk phonons propagating in investigated crystals was studied for different polarisations of incident and scattered beam. The components of the tensors of elasto‐optical and elastic properties of the crystals studied were determined. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Management of Neuropathic Pain in Dialysis Patients: An Effective Approach with Gabapentin
Authors: Spaia Sofia , Tersi Maria , Sidiropoulou Maria , Askepidis Nikolaos , Pazarloglou Michalis , Iliadi Vasiliki 
Published: October 2009

AbstractHemodialysis patients frequently complain of restless legs syndrome (RLS), hypoesthesia, or pruritus—all of which are attributed to a nervous system disorder due to kidney dysfunction or even to coexistent diseases. These symptoms are difficult to manage and they respond poorly to conventional treatment. In this study, we administered gabapentin, a novel antiepileptic drug which is excreted at 98% unaltered by the kidneys, to 7 hemodialysis patients (4 female, 3 male) from 65 to 75 years of age and at 65 to 70 kg of body weight who suffered from restless legs syndrome (4 patients), pruritus (1 patient), neuralgia (1 patient), and carpal tunnel syndrome (1 patient). Recommended dosing with adjustments for the degree of kidney failure provoked severe somnolence and dizziness affecting all patients. On an “observe and treat” basis, we determined the optimum dose was 50% lower than the suggested dose. Patients responded rapidly with significant improvement on the lower dose schedule. A follow‐up period of 8 to 32 months confirmed the good outcome. We determine that administration of gabapentin at bedtime, only on dialysis days, eliminates the side effects with concomitant impressive results. Body weight does not seem to play a major role. No additional dose was needed after the dialysis session.
Attitude of Primary Healthcare Personnel Toward Living Donation: A Multicenter Study in the Southeast of Spain
Authors: Ríos Antonio , Ramírez Pablo , Sánchez José , Sánchez Enrique , Martínez‐Alarcón L. , García José Antonio , Parrilla Pascual 
Published: October 2009

AbstractOBJECTIVETo determine the attitude of primary healthcare personnel toward living donation and the psychosocial variables that affect this attitude.METHODSA random sample was taken of 428 primary healthcare employees in 32 healthcare centers (October 2002 and October 2003). The sample was stratified by job category and geographical location. Attitude was evaluated using a validated questionnaire that was completed anonymously and was self‐administered.RESULTSAttitudes toward living donation are favorable in 90% and 88% of respondents to kidney and liver donation respectively, although these percentages fall to only 18% and 17% if the donation is not related. This positive attitude is related to the following variables: (1) a favorable attitude toward deceased‐donor donation; (2) discussion of the subject within the family or with the respondent's partner; (3) having attended to a transplant patient; (4) a respondent's belief that he or she might need a transplant one day and (5) a willingness to receive a living organ if one were needed in the future, and (6) a relationship has also been found between a favorable attitude and a willingness to receive a living organ from a relative (p .000).CONCLUSIONPrimary healthcare personnel have a favorable attitude toward related living donation and there are no differences in attitude according to the type of organ. Attitude is influenced by variables that are closely related to a respondent's willingness to receive a living donated organ if one were needed and having discussed the subject within the family.
Difference in Hemoglobin Concentration by Timing of Blood Sampling in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Shimazaki Masaru 
Published: October 2009

AbstractOBJECTIVEThe degree of interdialytic weight gain (IDWG) may have an influence on anemia results. This article reports the variation of hemoglobin (Hgb) or hematocrit (Hct) levels associated with the timing of blood collection in outpatients on hemodialysis.METHODSPre‐dialysis blood samples for measurement were drawn on both the mid‐week treatment (Wednesday or Thursday) and the beginning of the next dialysis week treatment (Monday or Tuesday) in 69 patients who were hemodialyzed 3 times a week.RESULTSHgb or Hct results from mid‐week were significantly higher than those from the beginning of the next week. Change in Hgb or Hct was correlated negatively with change in IDWG.DISCUSSIONIt seems that there was a difference in Hgb or Hct levels associated with IDWG on the day of the week on which blood was collected.
Prevention of Hemodialysis Catheter‐Related Infection: An Unmet Need
Authors: Korkor Adel B. , Bretzmann Christine M. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractCatheter‐related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) is a source of significant morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis patients. Several strategies for CRBSI prevention have been investigated. Not all have proven effective and those that have are not without risk. There is a critical need for a safe and effective method for preventing CRBSI.
Subclinical vascular alterations in young adults with type 1 diabetes detected by arterial tonometry
Authors: Barchetta I. , Sperduti L. , Germanò G. , Valiante S. , Vestri A. , Fraioli A. , Baroni M. G. , Cavallo M. G. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes mellitus is characterized by a very high prevalence of atherosclerotic disease. Aims of this study were to determine arterial compliance parameters in type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients as an expression of early pre‐clinical endothelial dysfunction and to evaluate the impact of glucose exposure parameters such as the duration of diabetes and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) on the risk of developing alterations in vascular compliance.Methods23 patients with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes (mean age: 32.78 ± 9.06 years, mean disease duration: 10.78 ± 7.51 years, mean HbA1c levels: 7.7 ± 1.9) and 26 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy subjects (mean age: 32.3 ± 8.51 years) were recruited. In these subjects, we evaluated arterial compliance by calibrated tonometry (HDI/Pulsewave™ CR‐2000). Parameters included the following: large artery elasticity (C1), small artery elasticity (C2), systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and total vascular impedance (TVI).ResultsPatients with longer duration of T1D (>10 years) showed significant alterations in C2 (4.97 ± 2.7 mL/mmHg × 100) and in SVR (1464.67 ± 169.16 dina × s × cm−5) when compared with both healthy individuals (C2: 8.28 ± 2.67 mL/mmHg × 100, p = 0.001; SVR: 1180.58 ± 151.55 dina × s × cm−5, p = 0.01) and patients with recent‐onset disease (≤10 years) (C2: 10.02 ± 3.6 mL/mmHg × 100, p < 0.001; SVR: 1124.18 ± 178.5 dina × s × cm−5, p < 0.000). Both disease duration and HbA1c independently predicted impaired arterial compliance.ConclusionsYoung adult T1D patients with no signs of disease complication have detectable vessel wall abnormalities, particularly of small arteries, suggestive of hyperglycaemia‐related early endothelial dysfunction. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physical activity and exercise dependence during inpatient treatment of longstanding eating disorders: An exploratory study of excessive and non‐excessive exercisers
Authors: Bratland‐Sanda Solfrid , Sundgot‐Borgen Jorunn , Rø Øyvind , Rosenvinge Jan H. , Hoffart Asle , Martinsen Egil W. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjective:To describe changes in physical activity (PA) and exercise dependence score during treatment of eating disorders (ED), and to explore correlations among changes in PA, exercise motivation, exercise dependence score and ED psychopathology in excessive and non‐excessive exercisers.Method:Thirty‐eight adult females receiving inpatient treatment for anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa or ED not otherwise specified participated in this prospective study. Assessments included accelerometer assessed PA, Exercise Dependence Scale, Reasons for Exercise Inventory, ED Examination, and ED Inventory.Results:Amount of PA was significantly reduced in non‐excessive exercisers during treatment, in excessive exercisers there was a trend towards reduced amount of PA from admission to discharge. In excessive exercisers, reduced ED psychopathology was correlated with reduction in exercise dependence score and perceived importance of exercise to regulate negative affects, but not with importance of exercise for weight/appearance. These associations were not found in non‐excessive exercisers.Discussion:Excessive exercise is an important issue in longstanding ED, and the excessive exercising patients need help to develop alternative strategies to regulate negative affects. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2010
Microbial induction of inflammatory bowel disease associated gene TL1A (TNFSF15) in antigen presenting cells
Authors: Shih David Q. , Kwan Lola Y. , Chavez Valerie , Cohavy Offer , Gonsky Rivkah , Chang Elmer Y. , Chang Christopher , Elson Charles O. , Targan Stephan R. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractTL1A is a member of the TNF superfamily and its expression is increased in the mucosa of inflammatory bowel disease patients. Neutralizing anti‐mouse TL1A Ab attenuates chronic colitis in two T‐cell driven murine models, suggesting that TL1A is a central modulator of gut mucosal inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease. We showed previously that TL1A is induced by immune complexesviathe FcγR signaling pathway. In this study, we report that multiple bacteria, including gram negative organisms (E. coli,E. coliNissle 1917,Salmonella typhimurium), gram positive organisms (Listeria monocytogenes,Staphylococcus epidermidis), partial anaerobes (Campylobacter jejuni), and obligate anaerobes (Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron,Bifidobacterium breve,Clostridium A4) activate TL1A expression in human APC, including monocytes and monocyte‐derived DC. Bacterially induced TL1A mRNA expression correlates with the detection of TL1A protein levels. TL1A induced by bacteria is mediated in part by the TLR signaling pathway and inhibited by downstream blockade of p38 MAPK and NF‐κB activation. Microbial induction of TL1A production by human APC potentiated CD4+T‐cell effector function by augmenting IFN‐γ production. Our findings suggest a role for TL1A in pro‐inflammatory APC–T cell interactions and implicate TL1A in host responses to enteric microorganisms.
Depletion of tumor‐induced Treg prior to reconstitution rescues enhanced priming of tumor‐specific, therapeutic effector T cells in lymphopenic hosts
Authors: Poehlein Christian H. , Haley Daniel P. , Walker Edwin B. , Fox Bernard A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe reported previously that vaccination of reconstituted, lymphopenic mice resulted in a higher frequency of tumor‐specific effector T cells with therapeutic activity than vaccination of normal mice. Here, we show that lymphopenic mice reconstituted with spleen cells from tumor‐bearing mice (TBM), a situation that resembles the clinical condition, failed to generate tumor‐specific T cells with therapeutic efficacy. However, depletion of CD25+ Treg from the spleen cells of TBM restored tumor‐specific priming and therapeutic efficacy. Adding back TBM CD25+ Treg to CD25− naïve and TBM donor T cells prior to reconstitution confirmed their suppressive role. CD25+ Treg from TBM prevented priming of tumor‐specific T cells since subsequent depletion of CD4+ T cells did not restore therapeutic efficacy. This effect may not be antigen‐specific as three histologically distinct tumors generated CD25+ Treg that could suppress the T‐cell immune response to a melanoma vaccine. Importantly, since ex vivo depletion of CD25+ Treg from TBM spleen cells prior to reconstitution and vaccination fully restored the generation of therapeutic effector T cells, even in animals with established tumor burden, we have initiated a translational clinical trial of this strategy in patients with metastatic melanoma.
2′‐O‐Alkyl Derivatives and 5′‐Analogues of 5‐Aminoimidazole‐4‐carboxamide‐1‐β‐D‐ribofuranoside (AICAR) as Potential Hsp90 Inhibitors
Authors: Bracci Antonio , Colombo Giorgio , Ronchetti Fiamma , Compostella Federica 
Published: October 2009

AbstractSome selective preparations of AICAR‐related compounds modified at the 2′‐ or 5′‐position of the ribose moiety are reported herein. In particular, 5′‐azido, 5′‐amino, 5′‐O‐benzyl and a series of 2′‐O‐alkylated AICAR derivatives have been synthesized. These compounds were derived from appropriately functionalized inosines by opening the pyrimidine ring at the hypoxanthine residue. The target derivatives were designed with the purpose of studying the effect of AICAR structural modifications on its ability to inhibit Hsp90, one of the biological targets for the development of anticancer agents. Nevertheless, the development of AICAR‐like compounds is an appealing objective also because of their potential therapeutic application in the field of metabolic studies.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)