bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing RUSLE to include runoff‐driven phenomena
Authors: Dabney Seth M. , Yoder Daniel C. , Vieira Dalmo A. N. , Bingner Ronald L. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractRUSLE2 (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) is the most recent in the family of Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE)/RUSLE/RUSLE2 models proven to provide robust estimates of average annual sheet and rill erosion from a wide range of land use, soil, and climatic conditions. RUSLE2's capabilities have been expanded over earlier versions using methods of estimating time‐varying runoff and process‐based sediment transport routines so that it can estimate sediment transport/deposition/delivery on complex hillslopes. In this report we propose and evaluate a method of predicting a series of representative runoff events whose sizes, durations, and timings are estimated from information already in the RUSLE2 database. The methods were derived from analysis of 30‐year simulations using a widely accepted climate generator and runoff model and were validated against additional independent simulations not used in developing the index events, as well as against long‐term measured monthly rainfall/runoff sets. Comparison of measured and RUSLE2‐predicted monthly runoff suggested that the procedures outlined may underestimate plot‐scale runoff during periods of the year with greater than average rainfall intensity, and a modification to improve predictions was developed. In order to illustrate the potential of coupling RUSLE2 with a process‐based channel erosion model, the resulting set of representative storms was used as an input to the channel routines used in Chemicals, Runoff, and Erosion from Agricultural Management Systems (CREAMS) to calculate ephemeral gully erosion. The method was applied to a hypothetical 5‐ha field cropped to cotton in Marshall County, MS, bisected by a potential ephemeral gully having channel slopes ranging from 0·5 to 5% and with hillslopes on both sides of the channel with 5% steepness and 22·1 m length. Results showed the representative storm sequence produced reasonable results in CREAMS indicating that ephemeral gully erosion may be of the same order of magnitude as sheet and rill erosion. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inpatient tube weaning in children with long‐term feeding tube dependency: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Trabi Thomas , Dunitz‐Scheer Marguerite , Kratky Elisabeth , Beckenbach Hannes , Scheer Peter J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis study investigates the outcome of an intervention program to establish oral feeding after prolonged tube feeding in children. The intervention is based on supervised reduction of enteral formula within a few days supported by a 3‐week program of speech therapy, occupational therapy, psychoanalytically based eating therapy, physical therapy, psychodynamic coaching, and nutritional counseling of the infant and his or her parents. Two hundred twenty‐one cases were included in this study. All patients had been severely ill or were handicapped and had been exclusively fed by tube for most of their lives. The major outcome variable was complete discontinuation of tube feeding with sufficient oral feeding after treatment, defined as the child's ability to sustain stable body weight by self‐motivated oral feeding. Two hundred three patients (92%) were completely fed orally after treatment. Tube feeding was discontinued completely within 8 days in mean, and mean in‐patient treatment time was 21.6 days. The current method can be used by a trained and experienced team to wean tube‐dependent children from prolonged tube feeding. Tube weaning should be addressed from the beginning of tube feeding in all children who are expected to restore oral feeding after the phase of nutritional stabilization. Since successful programs are rare, we were motivated to present our results of this elaborate program in this article.
Human peripheral nerve‐derived scaffold for tissue‐engineered nerve grafts: Histology and biocompatibility analysis
Authors: Yang Li‐Min , Liu Xiao‐Lin , Zhu Qing‐Tang , Zhang Yang , Xi Ting‐Fei , Hu Jun , He Cai‐Feng , Jiang Li 
Published: November 2010

AbstractHuman acellular nerve grafts (ANGs) have been rarely used to construct tissue‐engineered nerves compared to the animal‐derived ANGs, and their potential clinical applications were relatively unknown. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the structure and components of a scaffold derived from human peripheral nerve and evaluate its biocompatibility. The human peripheral nerves were processed to prepare the scaffolds by chemical extraction. Light and electron microscopy were carried out to analyze scaffold structure and components. The analysis of cytotoxicity, hemolysis, and skin sensitization were performed to evaluate their biocompatibility. It was shown that Schwann cells and axons, identified by S‐100 and neurofilament (NF) expression, were absent, and the scaffolds were cell‐free and rich in collagen‐I and laminin whose microarchitecture was similar to the fibrous framework of human peripheral nerves. It was revealed from biocompatibility tests that the scaffolds had very mild cytotoxicity and hemolysis, whereas skin sensitization was not observed. The constructed human peripheral nerve‐derived scaffolds with well biocompatibility for clinical practice, which were cell‐free and possess the microstructure and extracellular matrix (ECM) of a human nerve, might be an optimal scaffold for tissue‐engineered nerve grafts in human. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2011.
Evaluation of magnesium ions release, biocorrosion, and hemocompatibility of MAO/PLLA‐modified magnesium alloy WE42
Authors: Lu Ping , Cao Lu , Liu Yin , Xu Xinhua , Wu Xiangfeng 
Published: November 2010

AbstractMagnesium alloys may potentially be applied as biodegradable metallic materials in cardiovascular stent. However, the high corrosion rate hinders its clinical application. In this study, a new approach was adopted to control the corrosion rate by fabricating a biocompatible micro‐arc oxidation/poly‐L‐lactic acid (MAO/PLLA) composite coating on the magnesium alloy WE42 substrate and the biocompatibility of the modified samples was investigated. The scanning electronic microscope (SEM) images were used to demonstrate the morphology of the samples before and after being submerged in hanks solution for 4 weeks. The degradation was evaluated through the magnesium ions release rate and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) test. The biocompatibility of the samples was demonstrated by coagulation time and hemolysis behavior. The result shows that the poly‐L‐lactic acid (PLLA) effectively improved the corrosion resistance by sealing the microcracks and microholes on the surface of the MAO coating. The modified samples had good compatibility. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2011.
SUMOylation of DLX3 by SUMO1 promotes its transcriptional activity
Authors: Duverger Olivier , Chen Susie X. , Lee Delia , Li Tianwei , Chock P. Boon , Morasso Maria I. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSmall ubiquitin‐like modifiers (SUMO) are post‐translational modifiers that regulate target protein activity in diverse ways. The most common group of SUMO substrates is transcription factors, whose transcriptional activity can be altered positively or negatively as a result of SUMOylation. DLX3 is a homeodomain transcription factor involved in placental development, in the differentiation of structures involving epithelial‐mesenchymal interactions, such as hair, teeth and nails, and in bone mineralization. We identified two potential SUMOylation sites in the N‐terminal domain of DLX3 at positions K83 and K112. Among the six members of the Distal‐less family, DLX3 is the only member containing these sites, which are highly conserved among vertebrates. Co‐expression experiments demonstrated that DLX3 can be SUMOylated by SUMO1. Site‐directed mutagenesis of lysines 83 and 112 to arginines (K83R and K112R) demonstrated that only K112 is involved in SUMOylation. Immunocytochemical analysis determined that SUMOylation does not affect DLX3 translocation to the nucleus and favors perinuclear localization. Moreover, using electrophoresis mobility shift assay (EMSA), we found that DLX3 is still able to bind DNA when SUMOylated. Using luciferase reporter assays, we showed that DLX3K112R exhibits a significantly lower transcriptional activity compared to DLX3WT, suggesting that SUMOylation has a positive effect on DLX3 activity. We identified a new level of regulation in the activity of DLX3 that may play a crucial role in the regulation of hair, teeth, and bone development. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 445–452, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chronic exposure of bone morphogenetic protein‐2 favors chondrogenic expression in human articular chondrocytes amplified in monolayer cultures
Authors: Claus S. , Aubert‐Foucher E. , Demoor M , Camuzeaux B. , Paumier A. , Piperno M. , Damour O. , Duterque‐Coquillaud M. , Galéra P. , Mallein‐Gerin F. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractArticular cartilage is a specialized connective tissue containing chondrocytes embedded in a network of extracellular macromolecules such as type II collagen and presents poor capacity to self‐repair. Autologous chondrocyte transplantation (ACT) is worldwide used for treatment of focal damage to articular cartilage. However, dedifferentiation of chondrocytes occurs during the long term culture necessary for mass cell production. The aim of this study was to investigate if addition of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)‐2, a strong inducer of chondrogenic expression, to human chondrocytes immediately after their isolation from cartilage, could help to maintain their chondrogenic phenotype in long‐term culture conditions. Human articular chondrocytes were cultured according to the procedure used for ACT. Real‐time PCR and Western blotting were performed to evaluate the cellular phenotype. Exogenous BMP‐2 dramatically improves the chondrogenic character of knee articular chondrocytes amplified over two passages, as assessed by the BMP‐2 stimulation on type II procollagen expression and synthesis. This study reveals that BMP‐2 could potentially serve as a therapeutic agent for supporting the chondrogenic phenotype of human articular chondrocytes expanded in the conditions generally used for ACT. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 1642–1651, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Macrophage inflammatory protein‐1α induces osteoclast formation by activation of the MEK/ERK/c‐Fos pathway and inhibition of the p38MAPK/IRF‐3/IFN‐β pathway
Authors: Tsubaki Masanobu , Kato Chisato , Isono Ai , Kaneko Junichi , Isozaki Misako , Satou Takao , Itoh Tatsuki , Kidera Yasuhiro , Tanimori Yoshihiro , Yanae Masashi , Nishida Shozo 
Published: November 2010

AbstractMultiple myeloma (MM) is a bone disease that affects many individuals. It was recently reported that macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)‐1α is constitutively secreted by MM cells. MIP‐1α causes bone destruction through the formation of osteoclasts (OCs). However, the molecular mechanism underlying MIP‐1α‐induced OC formation is not well understood. In the present study, we attempted to clarify the mechanism whereby MIP‐1α induces OC formation in a mouse macrophage‐like cell line comprising C7 cells. We found that MIP‐1α augmented OC formation in a concentration‐dependent manner; moreover, it inhibited IFN‐β and ISGF3γ mRNA expression, and IFN‐β secretion. MIP‐1α increased the expressions of phosphorylated ERK1/2 and c‐Fos and decreased those of phosphorylated p38MAPK and IRF‐3. We found that the MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126 inhibited OC formation by suppressing the MEK/ERK/c‐Fos pathway. SB203580 induced OC formation by upregulating c‐fos mRNA expression, and SB203580 was found to inhibit IFN‐β and IRF‐3 mRNA expressions. The results indicate that MIP‐1α induces OC formation by activating and inhibiting the MEK/ERK/c‐Fos and p38MAPK/IRF‐3 pathways, respectively, and suppressing IFN‐β expression. These findings may be useful in the development of an OC inhibitor that targets intracellular signaling factors. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 1661–1672, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bone loss in ovariectomized rats: Dominant role for estrogen but apparently not for FSH
Authors: Rouach V. , Katzburg S. , Koch Y. , Stern N. , Somjen D. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractEstrogen deficiency as the sole factor underlying post‐menopausal osteoporosis was challenged, in light of reports that both follicular stimulation hormone (FSH) receptor and FSHβ knockout mice were resistant to bone loss, suggesting a detrimental role for FSH. We assessed whether lowering FSH levels by gonadotropin realizing (GnRH) analog decapeptyl in ovariectomized female rats (OVX) affects bone. Wistar‐derived 25 days old OVX female rats were injected for 10 weeks with estradiol‐17β (E2), with GnRH analog (decapeptyl) or with both. FSH and luteinizing hormone (LH) serum levels were markedly increased in OVX rats, with smaller growth plates with disrupted architecture; heavy infiltration of bone marrow with numerous adipocytes and reduced thickness of cortical bone. In OVX rats treated with E2, FSH, and LH levels were intermediate, the tibia was similar to that of intact rats, but there was reduced thickness of cortical bone. In decapeptyl treated OVX rats, FSH and LH levels were suppressed, the organization of growth plate and the trabecular bone were disrupted, and there were fewer proliferative and chondroblastic cells and a large adipocytes population in bone marrow, but an increased trabecular bone volume (TBV). In the E2 + decapeptyl treatment, FSH and LH levels were suppressed, with partially restored growth plate architecture and improved TBV. In conclusion, E2 deficiency is the dominant factor impairing bone loss in OVX and concomitant changes in FSH/LH levels achieved by decapeptyl have some modulating, though complex role in this setting. The role of high FSH levels in post‐menopausal bone loss requires further investigation using combined sub‐optimal doses of the different hormones. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 128–137, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Id‐1 induces cell invasiveness in immortalized epithelial cells by regulating cadherin switching and Rho GTPases
Authors: Cheung P.Y. , Yip Y.L. , Tsao S.W. , Ching Y.P. , Cheung A.L.M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractEpithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), characterized by cadherin switching, contributes to cancer metastasis. Our recent study showed that Id‐1 (inhibitor of differentiation‐1) promotes metastasis in esophageal cancer cells, but whether the invasive and metastatic dynamics can be induced early in the carcinogenesis process is still unclear. Immortalization is regarded as the initial stage in the malignant transformation of normal cells. In this study, we investigated the role and mechanisms of Id‐1 in inducing EMT and cell invasiveness in immortalized esophageal epithelial cells. We found that immortalized epithelial cells expressed higher endogenous levels of Id‐1 compared with normal cells. Ectopic Id‐1 expression inhibited the differentiation of immortalized esophageal epithelial cells and promoted cadherin switching, which was accompanied by increased adhesiveness to extracellular matrix, cell motility, migratory potential and matrix metalloproteinase‐dependent invasiveness. GTPase activity assays showed that over‐expression or short‐hairpin RNA knockdown of Id‐1 led to corresponding changes in Rac1 activity, whereas RhoA activity was significantly decreased with Id‐1 depletion. Inhibitors targeting Rac1, RhoA, and Rho kinase suppressed the invasiveness of Id‐1‐expressing NE2‐hTERT cells. Knockdown of N‐cadherin in Id‐1‐over‐expressing cells inhibited cell invasiveness and down‐regulated RhoA activity. These data suggest that the Id‐1‐induced invasive potential may be regulated through the N‐cadherin‐RhoA axis and Rac1 activation. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 157–168, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A free‐energy perturbation method based on Monte Carlo simulations using quantum mechanical calculations (QM/MC/FEP method): Application to highly solvent‐dependent reactions
Authors: Hori Kenji , Yamaguchi Toru , Uezu Keita , Sumimoto Michinori 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis study describes the framework of the quantum mechanical (QM)/Monte Carlo (MC)/free‐energy perturbation (FEP) method, a FEP method based on MC simulations using quantum chemical calculations. Because a series of structures generated by interpolating internal coordinates between transition state and reactant did not produce smooth free‐energy profiles, we used structures from the intrinsic reaction coordinate calculations. This method was first applied to the Diels–Alder reaction between methyl vinyl ketone and cyclopentadiene and produced ΔG values of 20.1 and 21.4 kcal mol−1 in aqueous and methanol solutions, respectively. They are very consistent with the experimentally observed values. The other two applications were the free‐energy surfaces for the Cope elimination of N,N‐dimethyl‐3‐phenylbutan‐2‐amine oxide in aqueous, dimethyl sulfoxide, and tetrahydrofuran solutions, and the Kemp decarboxylation of 6‐hydroxybenzo‐isoxazole‐3‐carboxylic acid in aqueous, dimethyl sulfoxide, and CH3CN solutions. The calculated activation free energies differed by less than 1.8 kcal mol−1 from the experimental values for these reactions. Although we used droplet models for the QM/MC/FEP simulations, the calculated results for three reactions are very close to the experimental data. It was confirmed that most of the interactions between the solute and solvents can be described using small numbers of solvent molecules. This is because a few solvent molecules can produce large portions of the solute–solvent interaction energies at the reaction centers. When we confirmed the dependency on the droplet sizes of solvents, the QM/MC/FEP for a large droplet with 106 water molecules produced a ΔG value similar to the experimental values, as well as that for a small droplet with 34 molecules. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011
The influences of ENSO and the subtropical Indian Ocean Dipole on tropical cyclone trajectories in the southwestern Indian Ocean
Authors: Ash Kevin D. , Matyas Corene J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractEl Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is known to associate with variability of tropical cyclone (TC) trajectories in the southwestern Indian Ocean. However, consideration of ENSO phase alone does not account for all variability of TC tracks within this region. This study demonstrates that the subtropical Indian Ocean Dipole (SIOD) sea‐surface temperature anomaly pattern is also significantly associated with variability in southwestern Indian Ocean TC tracks. Hierarchical cluster analysis is employed to group TC trajectories by their initial and final positions. Median monthly values of the Niño‐3.4 index and Subtropical Dipole Index corresponding to the life cycles of TCs in each group are compared using non‐parametric analysis of variance. The results suggest that both ENSO and SIOD are significantly associated with different types of southwestern Indian Ocean TC trajectories. Furthermore, significant interactions of ENSO and SIOD phases are found to influence certain types of TC tracks using contingency table tests. During simultaneous warm ENSO and negative SIOD phases, TCs moving across the southwestern Indian Ocean tend to follow more southward or southeastward tracks. During neutral or cool ENSO and positive SIOD phases, TCs moving through the southwestern Indian Ocean tend toward more westward trajectories. These findings suggest that use of an SIOD index in addition to an ENSO index could improve intraseasonal to seasonal statistical prediction of southwestern Indian basin TC activity. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Raman identification of H2CO in aqueous solutions
Authors: Hanoune B. , Paccou L. , Delcroix P. , Guinet Y. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAqueous formaldehyde solutions of mole fraction from 0.05 to 0.20 were studied by Raman spectroscopy at temperatures up to 180 °C. The previously unreported Raman spectrum of formaldehyde under its non‐hydrated form H2CO has been identified, in addition to the already known bands from methanediol CH2(OH)2 and poly(oxymethylene)glycols HO(CH2O)nH formed by hydration and subsequent polymerization of the formaldehyde molecules. The experimental spectrum of formaldehyde in solutions agrees perfectly with the theoretical calculations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High resolution spectroscopic imaging of GABA at 3 Tesla
Authors: Zhu He , Edden Richard A. E. , Ouwerkerk Ronald , Barker Peter B. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA spin echo‐based MRSI sequence was developed to acquire edited spectra of γ‐aminobutyric acid in an entire slice. Water and lipid signals were suppressed by a dual‐band presaturation sequence, which included integrated outer volume suppression pulses for additional lipid suppression. Experiments in three normal volunteers were performed at 3 T using a 32‐channel head coil. High signal‐to‐noise ratio spectra and metabolic images of γ‐aminobutyric acid were acquired from nominal 4.5 cm3 voxels (estimated actual voxel size 7.0 cm3) in a scan time of 17 min. The sequence is also expected to co‐edit homocarnosine and macromolecules, giving a composite γ‐aminobutyric acid+ resonance. The γ‐aminobutyric acid+ to water ratio was measured using a companion water MRSI scan and was found to correlate linearly with the % gray matter (GM) of each voxel (γ‐aminobutyric acid+/water = (1.5 × GM + 3.2) × 10−5, R = 0.27), with higher γ‐aminobutyric acid+ levels in gray matter compared with white. In conclusion, high signal‐to‐noise ratio γ‐aminobutyric acid‐MRSI is possible at 3 T within clinically feasible scan times. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intrascanner and interscanner variability of magnetization transfer‐sensitized balanced steady‐state free precession imaging
Authors: Gloor M. , Scheffler K. , Bieri O. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractRecently, a new and fast three‐dimensional imaging technique for magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) imaging has been proposed based on a balanced steady‐state free precession protocol with modified radiofrequency pulses. In this study, optimal balanced steady‐state free precession MTR protocol parameters were derived for maximum stability and reproducibility. Variability between scans was assessed within white and gray matter for nine healthy volunteers using two different 1.5 T clinical systems at six different sites. Intrascanner and interscanner MTR measurements were well reproducible (coefficient of variation: cv < 0.012 and cv < 0.015, respectively) and results indicate a high stability across sites (cv < 0.017) for optimal flip angle settings. This study demonstrates that balanced steady‐state free precession MTR not only benefits from short acquisition time and high signal‐to‐noise ratio but also offers excellent reproducibility and low variability, and it is thus proposed for clinical MTR scans at individual sites as well as for multicenter studies. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.