bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Power Harmonic Suppression based direct vector control for robust DFIG operation during grid voltage distortions
Authors: Bala Krishna Pydi , Asha Rani Mohan Anitha 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes a Power Harmonic Suppression (Damping) (PHS) based reference current generation scheme, which focuses on simultaneous mitigation of harmonic pulsations in electromagnetic torque, stator real and reactive powers, and DC‐link voltage while retaining sinusoidal stator and grid currents and unity power factor at grid side. The crux of this PHS method lies in its ability to eliminate the harmonic powers developed in the DFIG stator and grid at 100Hz, 200Hz, 300Hz, 400Hz, and 600 Hz owing to second, fifth, and seventh harmonic grid voltages. This is achieved as a result of the elimination of natural fluxes developed in the DFIG air gap due to second, fifth, and seventh harmonic distortions in grid voltage. For this, a single concurrent reference current generation technique is developed for RSC and GSC to mitigate the oscillations of electromagnetic torque, stator real and reactive powers, and ripples in DC‐link voltage. Further, the reference rotor currents (positive, negative, fifth, and seventh sequence) are compared with the actual rotor currents using a PI controller to retain sinusoidal stator and grid currents. The proposed scheme's efficacy is validated with PSCAD/EMTDC simulations and using OPAL‐RT OP4510 real‐time simulator, on a 2.3 kVA DFIG.
Binary image embedding and restoration in speech signal
Authors: Ikesugi Shuya , Kawamura Arata 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a method of embedding images into a speech signal. An image is embedded in the high frequency band above 16 kHz of the speech signal to be difficult to perceive for humans. In the proposed method, the image is embedded after being binarized by the error diffusion method. When the image is embedded, we apply an iterative phase restoration method to avoid noise generation. We also investigate a compensation method for an extracted image whose quality degrades due to transmission channel characteristics. Simulation and real‐environmental experiments showed that the proposed method significantly improved the quality of the extracted image on the receiver side.
Human insulin as both antigen and protector in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Amdare Nitin P. , Shultz Leonard D. , Greiner Dale L. , DiLorenzo Teresa P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractType 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by T‐cell responses to islet antigens. Investigations in humans and the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of T1D have revealed that T‐cell reactivity to insulin plays a central role in the autoimmune response. As there is no convenient NOD‐based model to study human insulin (hIns) or its T‐cell epitopes in the context of spontaneous T1D, we developed a NOD mouse strain transgenically expressing hIns in islets under the control of the human regulatory region. Female NOD.hIns mice developed T1D at approximately the same rate and overall incidence as NOD mice. Islet‐infiltrating T cells from NOD.hIns mice recognized hIns peptides; both CD8 and CD4 T‐cell epitopes were identified. We also demonstrate that islet‐infiltrating T cells from HLA‐transgenic NOD.hIns mice can be used to identify potentially patient‐relevant hIns T‐cell epitopes. Besides serving as an antigen, hIns was expressed in the thymus of NOD.hIns mice and could serve as a protector against T1D under certain circumstances, as previously suggested by genetic studies in humans. NOD.hIns mice and related strains facilitate human‐relevant epitope discovery efforts and the investigation of fundamental questions that cannot be readily addressed in humans.
Rational optimization of substituted α‐MnO2 cathode for aqueous zinc‐ion battery
Authors: Le Thanh , Takeuchi Esther S. , Takeuchi Kenneth J. , Marschilok Amy C. , Liu Ping 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDensity functional theory (DFT) is utilized to explore the effects of increasing concentrations of vanadium (V) and chromium (Cr) substitution on the discharge of α‐MnO2 cathode in hydrated zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs). During H+‐intercalation and Zn2+‐intercalation, Cr‐substitution proves to be more effective than V‐substitution in promoting discharge behaviors. Transitioning from Mn0.875Cr0.125O2, Mn0.75Cr0.25O2 to Mn0.625Cr0.375O2 is found to consistently enhance the discharge voltage, along with improved tunnel structure retention and volume expansion suppression. In comparison, the promoting effect of increasing V‐substitution is relatively small at initial discharge stages and leads to degradation at later stages, primarily due to an increased concentration of unstable Mn2+ ion. The superior effect of Cr‐substitution is attributed to the unique atomic and electronic structures of substituted Cr4+ and reduced Cr3+ ions during discharge. These ions serve as active electron acceptors to limit the formation of Mn3+ and Mn2+ ions, and as anchors to stabilize the α‐MnO2 framework and intercalated H+/Zn2+ ions, respectively. Our study highlights fine‐tuning through substitution to enhance the performance of α‐MnO2‐based cathode materials in ZIBs.
Artificial versus natural intelligence: Overcoming students' cheating likelihood with artificial intelligence tools during virtual assessment
Authors: Akintande Olalekan J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAssessment techniques need to evolve beyond traditional methods in light of the rapidly developing artificial intelligence (AI) tool technologies, such as Copilot, Bard, and ChatGPT. These AI‐powered Chatbot is designed to appear similar to human speech or text and present information conversationally, making them tenable options for student assessment support worldwide. Consequently, to take advantage of the weaknesses in the AI system and foster a creative attitude in their pupils, educators must reconsider their approach to evaluation. The study conducts a comparative experiment on two different assessment methods—the traditional questioning strategy (Experiment I) versus the alternative or modified strategy (Experiment II), to assess how well the AI tools perform in the assessment and how the new technique can deter students from engaging in academic dishonesty. According to the study in Experiment I, the AI‐Chatbot had a 100% positive response correlation, but in Experiment II, it had a shockingly low positive response correlation. Comparably, pupils who use AI‐Chatbot and those who do not have significant performance disparities (α = 0.05, p‐value < 0.001; 1.8331). Inferentially, AI‐Chatbot helped students a lot in Experiment I but did considerably less in Experiment II. In other words, Experiment II's questioning approach outperforms the AI tools' level of competence. The study comes to the conclusion that if AI is effectively harnessed, human natural intelligence will always be able to overcome the challenges posed by these powerful AI technologies.
Lasttransferschichten über pfahlartigen Traggliedern – Überblick und Vergleich analytischer und numerischer Lösungen
Authors: Spirkl Florian , Neidhart Thomas 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDer Einbau mineralischer, granularer Lasttransferschichten (LTS) zwischen einem Bauwerk und einer Tiefgründung z.B. aus pfahlartigen Traggliedern (PTG) beeinflusst erheblich die Lastaufteilung auf die PTG und den zumeist weichen Boden dazwischen. Eine genaue Kenntnis über die Lastaufteilung ist für die Bemessung der LTS und PTG, aber auch des darauf gegründeten Bauwerks erforderlich. Für die Quantifizierung der Lastaufteilung wurden eine Vielzahl an Berechnungsansätzen entwickelt, welche zumeist auf Modell‐ oder Großversuchen basieren, aus deren Ergebnissen analytische Ansätze entwickelt wurden. Zunächst werden ausgewählte Berechnungsansätze zur Lastaufteilung vorgestellt, dann mithilfe von Finite‐Elemente‐Berechnungen der Einfluss verschiedener Parameter auf die Lastaufteilung veranschaulicht und diskutiert. Für geringe Dicken der LTS ergibt sich dabei eine hohe Übereinstimmung der FE‐Berechnungen mit einem Durchstanzmechanismus. Ab einer bestimmten Dicke der LTS, abhängig von verschiedensten Randbedingungen, bildet sich in den FE‐Berechnungen ein Gewölbe aus. Das Einstanzen der PTG in die LTS kann dann durch einen Grundbruchmechanismus beschrieben und als obere Begrenzung der Lastumlagerung auf die PTG angesehen werden. Anhand zahlreicher Vergleichsberechnungen konnte gezeigt werden, dass die beiden Mechanismen Durchstanzen und Grundbruch in sehr vielen Fällen ausreichen, um die Lastaufteilung auch ohne FE‐Berechnungen abzuschätzen.
IL‐10 and Cdc42 modulate astrocyte‐mediated microglia activation in methamphetamine‐induced neuroinflammation
Authors: Silva Ana Isabel , Socodato Renato , Pinto Carolina , Terceiro Ana Filipa , Canedo Teresa , Relvas João Bettencourt , Saraiva Margarida , Summavielle Teresa 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMethamphetamine (Meth) use is known to induce complex neuroinflammatory responses, particularly involving astrocytes and microglia. Building upon our previous research, which demonstrated that Meth stimulates astrocytes to release tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and glutamate, leading to microglial activation, this study investigates the role of the anti‐inflammatory cytokine interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) in this process. Our findings reveal that the presence of recombinant IL‐10 (rIL‐10) counteracts Meth‐induced excessive glutamate release in astrocyte cultures, which significantly reduces microglial activation. This reduction is associated with the modulation of astrocytic intracellular calcium (Ca2+) dynamics, particularly by restricting the release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cytoplasm. Furthermore, we identify the small Rho GTPase Cdc42 as a crucial intermediary in the astrocyte‐to‐microglia communication pathway under Meth exposure. By employing a transgenic mouse model that overexpresses IL‐10 (pMT‐10), we also demonstrate in vivo that IL‐10 prevents Meth‐induced neuroinflammation. These findings not only enhance our understanding of Meth‐related neuroinflammatory mechanisms, but also suggest IL‐10 and Cdc42 as putative therapeutic targets for treating Meth‐induced neuroinflammation.
Application of boosted trees to the prognosis prediction of COVID‐19
Authors: Molaei Sajjad , Moazen Hadi , Niazkar Hamid R. , Sabaei Masoud , Johari Masoumeh G. , Rezaianzadeh Abbas 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsThe precise prediction of COVID‐19 prognosis remains a clinical challenge. In this regard, early identification of severe cases facilitates the triage and management of COVID‐19 cases. The present paper aims to explore the prognosis of COVID‐19 patients based on routine laboratory tests taken when patients are admitted.MethodsA data set including 1455 COVID‐19 patients (727 male, 728 female) and their routine laboratory tests conducted upon hospital admission, age, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission, and outcome were gathered. The data set was randomly split into the train (75% of the data) and test data set (25% of the data). The explainable boosting machine (EBM) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) were used for predicting the mortality and ICU admission of COVID‐19 cases. Also, feature importance was extracted using EBM and XGBoost.ResultsThe EBM and XGBoost achieved 86.38% and 88.56% accuracy in the test data set, respectively. In addition, EBM and XGBoost predicted the ICU admission with an accuracy of 89.37%, and 79.29% in the test data set for COVID‐19 patients, respectively. Also, obtained models indicated that aspartate transaminase (AST), lymphocyte, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and age are the most significant predictors of COVID‐19 mortality. Furthermore, the lymphocyte count, AST, and BUN level were the most significant ICU admission predictors of COVID‐19 patients.ConclusionsThe current study indicated that both EBM and XGBoost could predict the ICU admission and mortality of COVID‐19 cases based on routine hematological and clinical chemistry evaluation at the time of admission. Also, based on the results, AST, lymphocyte count, and BUN levels could be used as early predictors of COVID‐19 prognosis.
The effect of maternal age on still birth in Africa: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Abate Mengistu , Arefaynie Mastewal , Muche Amare , Molla Asressie , Wodajo Shambel , Temesgen Kibir , Fentaw Zinabu , Tefera Zenebe , Habtewold Tesfa D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsStillbirth is a public health as well as a development problem in low and middle‐income countries. The studies that found out maternal age as a factor for the risk of stillbirth reported different findings. This systematic review and meta‐analysis is believed to fill the inconclusiveness of these findings. Hence, the aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis is to estimate the pooled effect of advanced maternal age on stillbirth in Africa.MethodsPubMed & HINARY databases and Google Scholar search engine were searched to access the primary studies. The extracted data using Microsoft excel was exported to Stata 15 software for analysis. The presence of heterogeneity was checked using Cochran's Q statistic and the I2 test. Publication bias was examined by using funnel plot and Egger's test. The pooled effect measure with DerSimonian and Laird method of random‐effect model was reported using odds ratio (OR) with respective 95% confidence interval.ResultsTotally, 14 articles are included for the systematic review and meta‐analysis. The stillbirth reported by the studies ranges from 15 to 146.7 per 1000 births. The overall OR of advanced maternal age (≥35 years) on stillbirth is 1.42 (1.18, 1.71) when compared with the age group of 20–35 years. The cumulative effect of getting pregnant at advanced age on stillbirth was slightly increasing from year to year.ConclusionAdvanced maternal age is a risk factor for stillbirth. Health Information Communication on the risk of getting pregnant at the advanced ages on stillbirth should be well addressed to all women of reproductive age group.
Clinical effects of online cognitive behavioral group therapy for chronic pain patients and developing a therapeutic alliance: A pre–post pilot trial
Authors: Yoshino Atsuo , Yokoyama Satoshi , Kurata Akiko , Nakamura Ryuji , Nagami Tatsuro , Taguchi Shima , Yamawaki Shigeto 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsResearch suggests that various psychosocial factors influence chronic pain, with psychotherapies like cognitive behavioral therapy proving effective. However, the limited availability and accessibility have prolonged suffering among patients with chronic pain. This challenge has led to a growing demand for accessible online interventions. We developed an online cognitive behavioral group therapy (CBGT) program, building upon our existing face‐to‐face CBGT program. We compared the scores obtained by patients during the treatment‐as‐usual (TAU) period with those collected at the beginning and at the end of the intervention. MethodsPatients with chronic pain (N = 22) agreed to participate in the online CBGT program, which was conducted once a week for 12 sessions. The sample size was decided based on the effect sizes of our past face‐to‐face CBGT. We assessed pain intensity [Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)], pain catastrophizing [pain catastrophizing scale (PCS)] and psychiatric assessment [Beck Depression Inventory‐Second Edition (BDI)‐II], State‐Trait‐Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and Short Form Health Survey (SF‐36) at three points: entry, pretreatment, and posttreatment. We also evaluated the participants' therapeutic alliance with the treatment staff [short‐form version of the Working Alliance Inventory (WAI‐S)]. We utilized analyses of variance, Friedman test, paired t‐tests, Wilcoxon signed‐rank test, and Pearson correlation analysis for data evaluation.ResultsResults indicated a significant posttreatment improvement in VAS, PCS, and BDI‐II scores compared to the TAU period. Furthermore, posttreatment WAI‐S scores increased significantly compared to pretreatment scores. Also, positive correlations were observed among pre‐ and posttreatment changes in WAI‐S, pain intensity, and pain catastrophizing scores.ConclusionThere is a possibility that a therapeutic alliance can be established, and therapeutic effects achieved through an online CBGT intervention; however, additional research is required to substantiate this potential. We have registered this clinical trial in UMIN‐CTR on 04/21/2021 with the number UMIN000043982.
Ecotoxicological effects of polystyrene nanoplastics on common carp: Insights into blood parameters, DNA damage, and gene expression
Authors: Acar Ümit , İnanan Burak Evren , Zemheri‐Navruz Fahriye 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPlastics are ubiquitous in modern society due to their cost‐effectiveness, lightweight nature, and versatility. However, their extensive use and inadequate recycling have led to a significant environmental challenge, with plastic waste accumulating rapidly and causing ecological and health problems, especially in aquatic environments. Nanoplastics, particles ranging from 1 to 100 nm, have emerged as a particularly concerning subset due to their ability to easily penetrate biological barriers and accumulate in tissues. In this study, we investigated the toxicity of carboxylate‐modified polystyrene nanoplastics (PS‐NPs) on common carp (Cyprinus carpio), a species often used in ecotoxicology research due to its ability to accumulate pollutants. The PS‐NPs were characterized, and their effects on DNA damage gene expression related to oxidative stress and immunity were examined. PS‐NPs with a diameter of 20–30 nm were found to possess a spherical shape and negatively charged surfaces. Exposure to PS‐NPs led to significant DNA damage in the blood and brain cells of common carp, with higher concentrations resulting in more severe damage. Additionally, PS‐NP exposure influenced the expression of genes related to antioxidative defense and stress response in the liver. Specifically, genes encoding superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) showed upregulation, while glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione S‐transferase (GST) exhibited downregulation at higher PS‐NP concentrations. Furthermore, the immune‐related genes interleukin‐1ß (IL‐1ß), interleukin‐8 (IL‐8), and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) displayed dose‐dependent downregulation in the liver tissue. These findings suggest that exposure to PS‐NPs induces oxidative stress, disrupts immune responses, and causes DNA damage in common carp. The results highlight the need for further research on the environmental impacts of PS‐NPs and underscore the importance of proper waste management and recycling practices to mitigate plastic pollution.
Tinned: A symbolic library for response theory and high‐order derivatives
Authors: Gao Bin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA symbolic C++ library—Tinned—has been developed for symbolic differentiation and manipulation in response theory. By recognizing different key building blocks in the density matrix‐based (Thorvaldsen et al., J. Chem. Phys. 2008, 129, 214108) and coupled‐cluster response theories, we have implemented their corresponding C++ symbolic classes, including but not limited to one‐ and two‐electron operators, exchange‐correlation energy and potential, and coupled‐cluster operator. Formulas of response theory can be well expressed in terms of the symbolic classes in the library Tinned. Their high‐order perturbation‐strength derivatives can be straightforwardly computed and extracted afterwards for numerical evaluation. The library Tinned will greatly facilitate the development work of response theory and may lead to a unified framework for response theory at different levels of electronic structure theory.
Auditory Effects of Acoustic Noise From 3‐T Brain MRI in Neonates With Hearing Protection
Authors: Jin Chao , Zhao Huifang , Li Huan , Chen Peiyao , Tian Cong , Li Xianjun , Wang Miaomiao , Liu Congcong , Sun Qinli , Zheng Jie , Li Baiya , Zhou Xihui , Salvi Richard , Yang Jian 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundNeonates with immature auditory function (eg, weak/absent middle ear muscle reflex) could conceivably be vulnerable to noise‐induced hearing loss; however, it is unclear if neonates show evidence of hearing loss following MRI acoustic noise exposure.PurposeTo explore the auditory effects of MRI acoustic noise in neonates.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsTwo independent cohorts of neonates (N = 19 and N = 18; mean gestational‐age, 38.75 ± 2.18 and 39.01 ± 1.83 weeks).Field Strength/SequenceT1‐weighted three‐dimensional gradient‐echo sequence, T2‐weighted fast spin‐echo sequence, single‐shot echo‐planar imaging‐based diffusion‐tensor imaging, single‐shot echo‐planar imaging‐based diffusion‐kurtosis imaging and T2‐weighted fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery sequence at 3.0 T.AssessmentAll neonates wore ear protection during scan protocols lasted ~40 minutes. Equivalent sound pressure levels (SPLs) were measured for both cohorts. In cohort1, left‐ and right‐ear auditory brainstem response (ABR) was measured before (baseline) and after (follow‐up) MRI, included assessment of ABR threshold, wave I, III and V latencies and interpeak interval to determine the functional status of auditory nerve and brainstem. In cohort2, baseline and follow‐up left‐ and right‐ear distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) amplitudes were assessed at 1.2 to 7.0 kHz to determine cochlear function.Statistical TestWilcoxon signed‐rank or paired t‐tests with Bonferroni's correction were used to compare the differences between baseline and follow‐up ABR and DPOAE measures.ResultsEquivalent SPLs ranged from 103.5 to 113.6 dBA. No significant differences between baseline and follow‐up were detected in left‐ or right‐ear ABR measures (P > 0.999, Bonferroni corrected) in cohort1, or in DPOAE levels at 1.2 to 7.0 kHz in cohort2 (all P > 0.999 Bonferroni corrected except for left‐ear levels at 3.5 and 7.0 kHz with corrected P = 0.138 and P = 0.533).Data ConclusionA single 40‐minute 3‐T MRI with equivalent SPLs of 103.5–113.6 dBA did not result in significant transient disruption of auditory function, as measured by ABR and DPOAE, in neonates with adequate hearing protection.Evidence Level2.Technical EfficacyStage 5.
Customized 3D‐printed heterogeneous porous titanium scaffolds for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Fan Shiqi , Li Shilei , Wu Yunhong , Lei Haoyuan , Qin Yuxiang , Fan Hongyuan , Lin Yuanhua , Zhou Changchun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBone defect is a common clinical disease. Due to the uncertainty of trauma or infection areas, customized size features are often required for bone substitutes. By inspiration of the natural bone structure, this study designs porous scaffolds with a biomimetic design perspective by using different inner and outer pore units. The outer pore units adopt body‐centered cubic (BCC) structure to simulate the weight‐bearing function of human cortical bone, while inner pore units using I‐Wrapped Package structure, a kind of three periods minimum surface, to obtain a good permeability and simulates the inner layer of cancellous bone. To further regulate the overall modulus of the scaffold within the range of natural bone modulus in the human body, the scaffold was designed to axial gradient structure. Compression experiments were conducted, and the results indicated that when the volume fraction linearly increased from 20% to 50%, the Young's modulus was close to the cortical bone modulus in the human body. In vitro cell experiments further proved that osteoblasts have good cellular activity and spreading morphology on the surface of this scaffold. The customized 3D‐printed heterogeneous porous titanium scaffold has great application potential in bone tissue engineering.