bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between melatonin hormone and reproductive hormones in polycystic ovary syndrome: A case–control study
Authors: Edan Ban Jabir , Kadhim Zahid Mohammed-Ali 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
One of the common endocrine disorders is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) with prevalence of about 5%–15% of women within reproductive age. It is related to androgen disturbance, obesity, and irregular menstrual cycle. Pineal gland secretes melatonin hormone, which is involved in the regulation of the circadian rhythm. Melatonin receptors in the ovary adjust sex steroid secretion. Furthermore, it is considered a strong antioxidant, which protects ovarian follicles during follicular maturation.

Objectives:
To evaluate the level of melatonin in patients with PCOS and its relation with reproductive hormones and anthropometric measures.

Materials and Methods:
A case-control study included 200 women in reproductive age (20–40 years), including 100 PCOS patients and 100 controls who appeared to be in generally good health. Anthropometric measurements were evaluated. Reproductive hormones and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) were evaluated using the mini VIDAS method. Human MT (Melatonin) ELISA Kit from Elabscience source (USA) was used for measuring melatonin levels.

Results:
Luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) ratio, AMH, and melatonin were significantly higher in PCOS women, whereas FSH level was significantly lower in PCOS compared with controls. There was an adverse relationship between melatonin levels with thigh circumference, waist circumference, and waist/hip ratio (P < 0.05). There was a significant adverse correlation between melatonin and testosterone hormone in PCOS patients (P < 0.05). Melatonin level showed an AUC of 0.755 at a cutoff point of 20 ng/mL and more, giving a sensitivity (78%) and specificity (75%).

Conclusions:
Although PCOS women had higher serum melatonin concentrations, their effect on ovarian hormones is diminished. Melatonin had a connection with androgen, and melatonin supplements may improve metabolic dysfunction in PCOS patients.
Evaluation of lipid profile in patients with cherry angioma: A case–control study in Iraqi patients
Authors: Al-Hattab Mohammed K , Gahlool Ansaar H , Al-Kalidi Jinan H 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
Cherry angioma (CA) is a common lesion among adults and elderly people. Both CA and dyslipidemia have vital common areas, such as their effect on elderly people at a certain age and their interaction with the vascular system. Therefore, we have found it to be an interesting topic for our research to investigate the connection between CA and dyslipidemia.

Objectives:
The motivation of this project is to investigate the association between CA and dyslipidemia among a sample of Iraqi patients.

Materials and Methods:
A total number of 104 Iraqi people were selected (39 male and 65 female); 52 of them were affected with CA, and the other 52 were healthy controls. For the purpose of assessing lipid profile, we used Beckman Coulter/Olympus—AU480 Chemistry Analyser was used in measuring fasting serum lipid profile parameters, including triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (Tch), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C).

Results:
The results showed a significant difference between patients with CA and control subjects in TG, CHOL, and LDL. The mean levels of the TG, total CHOL, and LDL were significantly higher in cases with CA compared to a group of controls, in which the differences were significant for TG, total CHOL, and LDL (P-value = 0.000). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the mean level of HDL (P-value = 0.059). additionally, there was no significant difference in levels of lipid value regarding ages and sex distribution between patients with CA and controls (P-value > 0.05).

Conclusion:
Based on its outcomes, the study proposed that dyslipidemia could play a vital role in the pathogenesis of CA lesions. Hence, dyslipidemia treatments may represent an effective means for CA therapy.
Poor control of oxidative stress index is associated with increased DNA methylation in retinopathy patients of a sample from babylonian population
Authors: Al-Hassan Farah A , Al-Musawi Hawraa Sabah 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
Retinopathy is one of almost insidious advanced neuron-vascular complications of diabetes, oneof the most common complications that lead to permanent visual impairment in the middle-aged population.

Objectives:
The study investigated the association between poor oxidative stress index and DNA methylation.

Materials and Methods:
The study included 120 participants, of whom 40 were healthy, 40 patients with retinopathy, and 40 non-retinopathy diabetes patients (type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)). The total antioxidant, capacity (TAC) evaluated using Cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity method. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured using Erel method. Global DNA methylation has measured employing 5 mC% estimating using MethylFlash™ Methylated DNA Quantification Kit.

Results:
Current investigation indicated significant (P ≤ 0.05) accrue in TAC, ROSs, and oxidative stress index (OSI) in diabetic compared with controls. In addition, a significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase of ROSs and OSI were recorded in retinopathy compared with T2DM patients was reported. The analysis of global DNA methylation revealed that diabetic patients have a significantly (P ≤ 0.05) more 5 mC% as compared with healthy subjects. Also, the present study showed a significant rise in methylation in retinopathy compared as with T2DM patients. Regarding the correlation analysis, the current study conducted significantly (P < 0.05) positive association between DNA methylation and each of the ROSs and OSI. Also, a significant positive correlation was reported between DNA methylation and ROSs and OSI in retinopathy and T2DM.

Conclusion:
Global DNA methylation has an increased level in patients and could be engaged with emergence and progress of retinopathy in diabetic with poor control of oxidative stress and increased ROSs.
The age and residence impact on IgE serum level in patients with allergic asthma
Authors: Hameed Raghdah Maytham , Al-Hasnawy Huda Hadi , Abood Haidar Abdul Amir Najim 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) has a role in mediating allergic reactions and their powerful effector functions, but numerous factors influence its value.

Objective:
To find any difference in total and specific IgE serum levels at the different age groups and residences.

Materials and Methods:
Eighty-seven asthmatic children, including 57 males and 30 females with asthma aged between 1 and 16 years old, 32.2% living in rural and 67.8% living in urban, were collected at Kerbala Teaching Hospital for Children. All asthmatic children in this study were subjected to measuring total IgE level using AccuBind IgE ELISA kit, Human Chlamydia pneumoniae IgG using Cpn IgG ELISA kit, and Human C. pneumoniae IgE using Cpn IgE ELISA kit.

Results:
There was a significant positive linear correlation between age and total IgE level and a significant negative correlation between age and C. pneumoniae IgE in asthmatic children (0.255, P = 0.017, -0.233, P = 0.03, respectively). Further, there was a significant positive linear correlation between total IgE and C. pneumoniae IgE under age controlling (0.225, P = 0.019). In urban residents, the asthmatic children more than eleven years old had a low C. pneumonia IgE serum level (5.845 ± 1.821 ng/L) compared with asthmatic children who lived in rural areas (8.206 ± 2.793 ng/L). Depending on age groups, there was a significant difference (P = 0.047) in C. pneumonia IgE serum levels in asthmatic children who lived in urban areas.

Conclusion:

C. pneumonia-specific IgE decreased in early adulthood urban asthmatic children.
Association of anti-phospholipid antibodies and hepatitis B virus infection in Najaf Governorate
Authors: Kadhim Ameer Mohammed , Mubark Hawraa Ameer , Al-Mudhafar Dhefaf Hameed , Abdulmajeed Zainab Hayder 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disease with multifactorial risk factors including genetic and environmental factors such as viral infection, and it can be diagnosed by the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (APLA) in the serum. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the most prevalent viral infections in the world and has been connected to a number of autoimmune illnesses. Some studies suggested that HBV might be the cause of APLA production and APS development. No previous study was done in Iraq regarding the relationship between these two.

Objective:
To estimate the prevalence of APLA in HBV-infected individuals in Najaf.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was done in Najaf from September 2022 to March 2023, and it included 113 patients (70 were males, age range was 15–85 years) with HBV infection and without any history of APS. They were tested for Hepatitis B core (HBc) total and immunoglobulin M (IgM) Abs and then tested for APLA by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. The Statistical Program for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0 was used for statistical analysis.

Results:
Only four patients were positive for HBc total and IgM the remaining 109 were positive for IgG only, 38 (33.63%) were positive for APLA, and the age group (41–50 years) with the highest rate of APLA positivity. Non-significant statistical difference was seen between APLA and gender or age. Acute HBV had higher titers of APLA.

Conclusion:
HBV may lead to the production of APLA in some patients without any other risk factors, especially in middle-aged patients.
Study the effect of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (UPA) and some biochemical parameters in Iraqi hemodialysis patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Al-Sudani Fatima Ali Essa , Al-Shammaa Nawal Mohammed Jawad 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The most common cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and leading ultimately to hemodialysis (HD) is type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The current study aims to assess the role of serum urokinase plasminogen activator (UPA) levels among Iraqi hemodialysis patients with ESRD with type 2 diabetes. The study encompassed 50 patients aged 40–74 years (35 males and 15 females), admitted to the Iraqi dialysis center at Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Al-Hayat Center at Al-Karama Teaching Hospital, and Hamida Al-Misfah Dialysis Center in Imam Al-Kadhimin Medical City for the period from October 2022 to February 2023. Were diagnosed based on previous medical reports, and laboratory tests by a consultant nephrologist. UPA, Blood. Urea, Creatinine, fasting serum glucose (FSG), HbA1c, Insulin, HOMA-IR, and lipid profile levels were determined. The present study showed a significant increase in serum UPA levels in HD patients in ESRD with T2DM compared to control. In addition, there was an important negative correlation between UPA and Hb1AC, FSG, and a positive correlation with VLDL-C and TG in HD patients in ESRD with T2DM patients. This study demonstrates increased UPA serum levels in HD in ESRD with T2DM patients and associated with FSG, Hb1AC, TG, and VLDL this shows that it can be considered a good marker for the development of diabetes complications, the most important of which is diabetic kidney disease (DKD).
Naturally derived efflux pump inhibitor among tetracycline-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates
Authors: Al-ammery Ruqaya Kareem Abass , Chabuck Zainab Adil Ghani 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
The antimicrobial resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii is of major concern. It is one of the commonly distributed nosocomial pathogens, and its strains are frequently reported to demonstrate resistance to the most routinely prescribed antibiotics in varying degrees.

Objective:
This study aimed to detect the inhibitory effect of chamomile extract against the efflux pump of A. baumannii.

Materials and Methods:
Clinical samples (125) were collected from different sites (urine, sputum, wound, and burn swabs), followed by A. baumannii isolation and identification, and detection of tetracycline susceptibility test by disk-diffusion. Later on bacterial efflux pump activity was detected by ethidium bromide cartwheel assay and water extract of chamomile was used as an inhibitor of efflux pump A. baumannii.

Results:
The percentage of A. baumannii isolation 23/125 (18.4%) that distributed as 25% isolates were obtained from sputum, 17.9% isolates from burns, whereas 16% and 12.5% isolates from urine and wounds respectively. It showed various resistances against different members of the three generations of tetracyclines, with the highest resistance against minocycline 47.8% followed by resistance to tetracycline and doxycycline as 43.5% and 39%, respectively. Efflux pump was detected in all cases, water extract of chamomile showed a significant inhibitory effect especially at 80 mg/mL concentration.

Conclusion:
Efflux pump is an important mechanism for tetracycline resistance among A. baumannii isolates, and the watery extract of chamomile can be considered a prompt inhibitor for this pump.
The effect of carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl-hydrazine on antibiotic susceptibility in MDR Enterobacteriaceae isolates in Babylon, Iraq
Authors: Jebur Hadeel Qasim , Al-Charrakh Alaa H 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
One of the efflux pump inhibitors is carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) that has often been found to increase the susceptibility of a number of multi-drug resistant (MDR) MDR bacteria, isolated from human clinical specimens.

Objectives:
To investigate the role of active efflux system to aminoglycoside and quinolones resistance in clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae using the efflux pump inhibitor CCCP.

Materials and Methods:
Enterobacteriaceae isolates were recovered from different clinical samples from hospitalized patients. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of antibiotics (levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and gentamycin) were compared with and without the efflux pump inhibitor (CCCP) in order to confirm the effective role of the efflux pump in our isolates.

Results:
The results found that out of 280 clinical samples, only 134 (47.1%) isolates belonged to Enterobacteriaceae. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results showed that six (42.8%) out of 14 selected MDR isolates were positive for efflux pump gene oqxA. However, no isolates showed positive results for the efflux pump oqxB. The results of MIC for 14 Enterobacteriaceae isolates against these three antibiotics showed that all isolates had MIC ≥128 μg/mL in the absence of CCCP for levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and gentamycin. The results showed the MIC of levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were reduced for isolates, and the growth of bacteria was inhibited in presence of the CCCP. However, all Enterobacteriaceae isolates showed high MIC values (≥128) even in the presence of the CCCP which indicates no effect the inhibitor in reducing the MIC of the isolates for Gentamycin.

Conclusion:
From this study, we can conclude that high prevalence of efflux pumps gene (oxqA) was detected among MDR and XDR Enterobacteriaceae isolates and the efflux pump inhibitor (CCCP) has a positive effect and improves the sensitivity of MDR isolates to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin but not gentamicin.
Molecular detection of pore-forming leuko toxin in methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from skin infection
Authors: Al-Ghazal Sara A , Al-Hassnawi Huda H 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
The ability of Staphylococcus aureus to cause disease has been attributed to an impressive spectrum of virulence factors.

Objective:
The study investigated molecular detection of pore-forming leuko toxin (Panton–Valentine leucocidin [PVL]) in S. aureus that is resistant to methicillin (MRSA) isolated from skin infections.

Materials and Methods:
All 100 isolates of S. aureus were obtained from clinical samples (burn, wound, impetigo, boil, acne, abuses, folliculated, infected atopic dermatitis, and secondary infection), and 24 of these had been confirmed as MRSA. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns, mecA, 16sRNA, and PVL genes were isolated and detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Results:
All isolates were determined to be resistant to cefoxitin discs and oxacillin by using phenotypic analysis, and a genotypic investigation revealed that 79.16% of them carried the mecA gene. Additionally, the data showed that 58.33% of MRSA isolates contain the PVL gene and 83.33%% of MRSA isolates harbor of 16sRNA gene.

Conclusions:
The study detected a high S. aureus isolates percentage in a burn, followed by impetigo, wound, and boil, respectively. A higher percentage of MRSA isolates contain the PVL gene, mecA, and harbor of 16sRNA gene.
A Cytokine That Is Involved in Immune Responses in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Patients
Authors: Abady Noor R , Al-Al Hindi Zeana Shakir 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
The present research examines the part interleukin-17 (IL-17) plays in the progression of liver disease in people infected with the long-term hepatitis B virus. A proinflammatory cytokine called IL-17, linked to a number of autoimmune disorders, was examined in serum samples taken from different participant groups.

Objective:
The aim of this study is to examine the levels of IL-17 in various participant groups and understand any possible influence on the development and course of liver fibrosis.

Materials and Methods:
There were four groups in the study: asymptomatic HBsAg carriers (n = 42), chronic hepatitis B (CHB, n = 57), liver cirrhosis (LC, n = 59), and the normal control group (n = 80). an Enzyme-Linked was used to measure the amounts of IL-17, while reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to find IL-17 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).

Results:
Liver disorders such as cirrhosis and CHB are associated with elevated levels of IL-17. Both the subjects’ serum and PBMCs showed these elevated IL-17 levels, demonstrating a strong correlation with inflammation. These findings highlight the significant function of IL-17 in the possible management or treatment of a variety of liver-related conditions.

Conclusion:
The investigation comes to the conclusion that IL-17 levels increase as liver disease severity increases, suggesting that it is involved in the development of fibrosis and the progression of the disease. Gaining insight into the function of IL-17 may help develop more effective therapies for CHB and LC patients. It is crucial to conduct further research in this area to develop tailored therapeutics.
Exploring mindfulness interventions for stress resilience in newly graduated nurses: A qualitative study
Authors: Wang Shu-Chen , Shih Shih-Ming , Kuo Li-Chuan 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
In an aging society coping with workforce challenges, successful hospital management hinges on the recruitment and retention of nurses. It is of utmost priority to address job stress and fortify mental resilience. While quantitative research supports investigating the stress-alleviating effects of mindfulness for nursing staff, obtaining a direct perspective from nurses is essential to comprehend how they navigate burnout and apply mindfulness for stress management. This qualitative study aimed to explore newly graduated nurses’ experiences who participated in a mindfulness course and evaluate the practical application of acquired strategies in their work and daily lives, providing insights for retention strategies in health-care institutions.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty-one recently graduated nurses participated in an 8-session weekly in the mindfulness program. Qualitative data were obtained through focus group discussions during each session and subjected to thematic analysis.

Results:
Five key themes were generated to show how nurses experience mindfulness training: (1) shedding light on workplace stress and adaptation; (2) stress upon entering the workforce; (3) reactions to the vicious cycle of anxiety responses to stress through mindfulness practices; (4) discovery of daily life pleasures and obstacles encountered during the mindfulness course; (5) obstacles encountered during the mindfulness course. Through participation in the program, the subjects’ levels of mindfulness of stress responses were enhanced.

Conclusion:
This study underscores the advantages of mindfulness courses for newly graduated nurses and emphasizes the crucial role of workplace support. Practical recommendations for nursing administrators and educators include fostering familiarity with the health-care environment, promoting teamwork, and addressing anxiety related to handovers. Mindfulness breathing training has proven effective in alleviating pressure during shift transitions. Nursing managers can enhance staff well-being by creating moments of happiness, encouraging positive experience sharing, and organizing outdoor activities. Suggestions for future research involve refining the implementation of the Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction course for accessibility and effectiveness, extending courses to other health-care professionals to promote team harmony, and positively impacting nursing staff’s well-being and performance.
The potential of hydrogen: the regulatory landscape across the hydrogen value chain in Germany*
Authors: Rademacher Moritz 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This article provides an overview of the German approach to the ramp-up of a hydrogen market along the hydrogen value chain. While the focus is on production and related funding, distribution and use cases are set to develop alongside the market ramp-up in the medium and long term. Necessary regulatory reforms have partly been initiated, but market participants await a more comprehensive reform providing sufficient investment incentive and security.
PENERAPAN KOMUNIKASI TERAUPETIK PERAWAT DI PT PRIMA MEDIKA NUSANTARA UNIT RUMAH SAKIT BALIMBINGAN
Authors: Pakpahan Hetti Marlina , Simare-Mare Vina Nova Lianti 
Published: May 2024

Komunikasi terapeutik yang dilakukan oleh perawat pada layanan keperawatan khususnya di rumah sakit bertujuan untuk memberikan terapy kepada pasien.komunikasi teraupetik bersifat interpersonal, dimana pasien dapat menyampaikan keluahan atau masalah kesehatannya dengan baik. Jika penerapan komunikasi yang buruk dapat menghambat pelaksanaan asuhan keperawatan, rasa tidak puas pasien pada layanan kesehatan, bahkan dapat meningkatkan risiko insiden keselamatan pasien. Penerapan komunikasi yang baik, akan meningkatkan rasa saling percaya anatara pasien dan perawat. Perawat puas dengan pemberian asuhan keperawatannya, dan pasien puas dengan kinerja layanan kesehatan yang diterimanya. Tujuan dari peneltian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan penerapan komunikasi teraupetik perawat di PT Prima Medika Nusantara Unit Rumah Sakit Balimbingan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptip. Populasi adalah seluruh pasien yang berkunjung, sebanyak 500 orang dan sampel sebanyak 50 orang dengan kriteria inklusi, usia ≥ 18 tahun, lama rawat ≥ 3 hari, dan pengambilan data teknik accidental sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukan penerapan komunikasi teraupetik perawat mayoritas cukup (50%). Keberhasilan penerapan komunikasi teraupetik yang dilakukan perawat, akan mencapai tujuan dari asuhan keperawatan dan kepuasan pasien.sebaliknya jika komunikasi teraupetik buruk akan menjadi masalah dalam pencapaian tujuan asuhan keperawatan.Rumah sakit dalam hal ini manajemen keperawatan diharapkan dapat memberikan pelatihan tentang komunikasi teraupetik kepada setiap perawat khusunya di ruang rawat inap dan melakukan evaluasi tentang penerapan komunikasi teraupetik dengan memberikan kuesioner kepada setiap pasien pulang. Kepada Perawat di RS Balimbingan agar tetap memberikan informasi terkait dengan kesehatan pasien, memberikan asuhan berupa tindakan keperawatan dengan menjelaskan tujuan sebelum tindakan dilakukan