bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ZIF‐Co3O4@ZIF‐Derived Urchin‐Like Hierarchically Porous Carbon as Efficient Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalysts
Authors: Zhang Lingling , Wang Xia , Gong Chong , Sun Weiyan , Lu Zihan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCo3O4 nanoparticles were sandwiched into interlayers between ZIF‐8 and ZIF‐67 to form ZIF‐Co3O4@ZIF precursors. Pyrolysis of ZIF‐Co3O4@ZIF yielded an urchin‐like hierarchically porous carbon (Co@CNT/NC), the thorns of which were carbon nanotubes embedded Co nanoparticles. With large specific surface area and hierarchically porous structure, as‐prepared Co@CNT/NC exhibited excellent bifunctional oxygen electrocatalytic performances. It has good ORR performance with E1/2 of 0.85 V, which exceeds the Pt/C half‐wave potential (E1/2=0.83 V). In addition, Co@CNT/NC has an OER performance close to that of RuO2. To further demonstrate the effect of Co modifying on the properties, the samples were subjected to acid washing treatment. Co‐based nanoparticles were proved to After acid washing, there was obvious loss of Co particles in Co@CNT/NC, resulting in poor oxygen electrocatalysis. So, the pyrolysis products of ZIF‐8‐Co3O4@ZIF‐67 retained large specific surface area and porous structure can be retained, and on the other hand, the carbon tube structure and original polyhedron framework. Besides, existence of Co nanoparticle@carbon nanotube provided more active sites and improved the ORR and OER performances.
The impact of internet use and cognitive conflict on farmer IPM technology adoption: evidence from China
Authors: Chen Zhe , Li Xiaojing , Xia Xianli 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDIntegrated pest management (IPM) plays a crucial role in protecting agricultural environments and enhancing the quality of agricultural products. However, a major challenge in China is the conflicting understanding of IPM among farmers, leading to low adoption rates. This undermines farmers' ability to control pests and diseases while increasing risks to agricultural quality and safety. This study aimed to investigate the impact of cognitive conflicts on farmers’ adoption of IPM in kiwifruit farms in Shaanxi and Sichuan provinces. Additionally, the study explored the moderating role of internet use in the relationship between cognitive conflicts and farmer adoption of IPM. Data were collected from 686 kiwifruit farms through field surveys in 2018. The binary Probit model and moderating effect models were used to assess the influence of internet use and cognitive conflict on farmer adoption of IPM.RESULTSThe study found that cognitive conflicts significantly hindered farmers’ adoption of IPM. Higher levels of cognitive conflict were associated with lower likelihoods of adopting IPM. Internet use and frequency had positive effects on farmer adoption of IPM, promoting its implementation. Moreover, internet use and frequency helped alleviate the inhibitory effect of cognitive conflicts on farmer adoption IPM.CONCLUSIONThis research enhances our understanding of cognitive conflicts among farmers when promoting IPM and provides viable strategies to improve the effectiveness of public sector promotion and stimulate farmers' willingness to adopt IPM. It emphasizes the importance of addressing cognitive conflicts and utilizing internet resources to enhance IPM adoption among kiwifruit growers in China. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Solvation Effect: The Cornerstone of High‐Performance Battery Design for Commercialization‐Driven Sodium Batteries
Authors: Qiao Xianyan , Chen Ting , He Fa , Li Haoyu , Zeng Yujia , Wang Ruoyang , Yang Huan , Yang Qing , Wu Zhenguo , Guo Xiaodong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSodium batteries (SBs) emerge as a potential candidate for large‐scale energy storage and have become a hot topic in the past few decades. In the previous researches on electrolyte, designing electrolytes with the solvation theory has been the most promising direction is to improve the electrochemical performance of batteries through solvation theory. In general, the four essential factors for the commercial application of SBs, which are cost, low temperature performance, fast charge performance and safety. The solvent structure has significant impact on commercial applications. But so far, the solvation design of electrolyte and the practical application of sodium batteries have not been comprehensively summarized. This review first clarifies the process of Na+ solvation and the strategies for adjusting Na+ solvation. It is worth noting that the relationship between solvation theory and interface theory is pointed out. The cost, low temperature, fast charging, and safety issues of solvation are systematically summarized. The importance of the de‐solvation step in low temperature and fast charging application is emphasized to help select better electrolytes for specific applications. Finally, new insights and potential solutions for electrolytes solvation related to SBs are proposed to stimulate revolutionary electrolyte chemistry for next generation SBs.
Conformal Zn‐Benzene Dithiol Thin Films for Temperature‐Sensitive Electronics Grown via Industry‐Feasible Atomic/Molecular Layer Deposition Technique
Authors: Philip Anish , Jussila Topias , Obenlüneschloß Jorit , Zanders David , Preischel Florian , Kinnunen Jussi , Devi Anjana , Karppinen Maarit 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe atomic/molecular layer deposition (ALD/MLD) technique combining both inorganic and organic precursors is strongly emerging as a unique tool to design exciting new functional metal‐organic thin‐film materials. Here, this method is demonstrated to work even at low deposition temperatures and can produce highly stable and conformal thin films, fulfilling the indispensable prerequisites of today's 3D microelectronics and other potential industrial applications. This new ALD/MLD process is developed for Zn‐organic thin films grown from non‐pyrophoric bis‐3‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)propyl zinc [Zn(DMP)2] and 1,4‐benzene dithiol (BDT) precursors. This process yields air‐stable Zn‐BDT films with appreciably high growth per cycle (GPC) of 4.5 Å at 60 °C. The Zn/S ratio is determined at 0.5 with Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), in line with the anticipated (Zn─S─C6H6─S─)n bonding scheme. The high degree of conformality is shown using lateral high‐aspect‐ratio (LHAR) test substrates; scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis shows that the film penetration depth (PD) into the LHAR structure with cavity height of 500 nm is over 200 µm (i.e., aspect‐ratio of 400). It is anticipated that the electrically insulating metal‐organic Zn‐BDT thin films grown via the solvent‐free ALD/MLD technique, can be excellent barrier layers for temperature‐sensitive and flexible electronic devices.
Detection of malicious smart contracts by fine‐tuning GPT‐3
Authors: Sathvik MSVPJ , Mazumdar Hirak 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper introduces a comprehensive framework for the detection and identification of malicious smart contracts, emphasizing their vulnerabilities. The framework leverages the capabilities of GPT‐3, which have been adapted and fine‐tuned for binary and multi‐class classification tasks. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to explore the use of GPT‐3 specifically for detecting and identifying malicious smart contracts. The framework addresses previously unexplored research questions and provides insightful answers through rigorous experimentation. The contributions of this work include proposing a novel approach, pioneering the adaptation of GPT‐3 for this purpose, and offering valuable insights into the detection of malicious smart contracts and vulnerabilities. Notably, our research reveals that GPT‐3 excels not only in understanding natural language but also in decoding the secrets embedded in numerical codes like opcodes. This finding extends the applicability of GPT‐3 beyond language‐based tasks and highlights its potential in enhancing smart contract security.
SecureCare: A blockchain‐assisted wearable body area network for secure and scalable IoT healthcare services
Authors: Bieniek Jan , Rahouti Mohamed , Xiong Kaiqi , Ferreira Araujo Gabriel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe utilization of Internet of Things (IoT)‐based networks in healthcare systems has witnessed a notable increase, particularly in services like remote patient monitoring. However, specific vulnerabilities have become apparent as more individuals connect to these networks. One pressing concern revolves around safeguarding the privacy of users' confidential information. Given the extensive reliance on sensitive data in such services, apprehensions arise regarding the security of this information within the system. Moreover, the substantial volume of real‐time data transmission poses scalability challenges for the network. This work introduces SecureCare, a novel solution for enhancing wearable IoT healthcare by proposing a blockchain‐empowered Wearable Body Area Network (WBAN) framework. Our aim to employ blockchain technology stems from its robust security capabilities, thanks to its tamperproof and decentralized structure that effectively safeguards network data. Finally, SecureCare was evaluated on a public blockchain network, where it demonstrated improvements in efficiency and reliability. This validation confirms its potential as a robust solution for enhancing security in wearable IoT healthcare systems.
Integrating genomics, phenomics, and deep learning improves the predictive ability for Fusarium head blight–related traits in winter wheat
Authors: Thapa Subash , Gill Harsimardeep S. , Halder Jyotirmoy , Rana Anshul , Ali Shaukat , Maimaitijiang Maitiniyazi , Gill Upinder , Bernardo Amy , St. Amand Paul , Bai Guihua , Sehgal Sunish K. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFusarium head blight (FHB) remains one of the most destructive diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), causing considerable losses in yield and end‐use quality. Phenotyping of FHB resistance traits, Fusarium‐damaged kernels (FDK), and deoxynivalenol (DON), is either prone to human biases or resource expensive, hindering the progress in breeding for FHB‐resistant cultivars. Though genomic selection (GS) can be an effective way to select these traits, inaccurate phenotyping remains a hurdle in exploiting this approach. Here, we used an artificial intelligence (AI)‐based precise FDK estimation that exhibits high heritability and correlation with DON. Further, GS using AI‐based FDK (FDK_QVIS/FDK_QNIR) showed a two‐fold increase in predictive ability (PA) compared to GS for traditionally estimated FDK (FDK_V). Next, the AI‐based FDK was evaluated along with other traits in multi‐trait (MT) GS models to predict DON. The inclusion of FDK_QNIR and FDK_QVIS with days to heading as covariates improved the PA for DON by 58% over the baseline single‐trait GS model. We next used hyperspectral imaging of FHB‐infected wheat kernels as a novel avenue to improve the MT GS for DON. The PA for DON using selected wavebands derived from hyperspectral imaging in MT GS models surpassed the single‐trait GS model by around 40%. Finally, we evaluated phenomic prediction for DON by integrating hyperspectral imaging with deep learning to directly predict DON in FHB‐infected wheat kernels and observed an accuracy (R2 = 0.45) comparable to best‐performing MT GS models. This study demonstrates the potential application of AI and vision‐based platforms to improve PA for FHB‐related traits using genomic and phenomic selection.
Client and employee engagement measures predict resignations of veterinary support staff: An analysis of UK companion animal practice data
Authors: Schofield Imogen , Jacklin Benjamin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to identify factors associated with veterinary support staff resigning from UK companion animal veterinary practices.MethodsCross‐sectional employment data from support staff working across a group of veterinary practices on 31 December 2020 were retrospectively analysed. The support staff were categorised as those who remained at, or resigned from, their practice over the following 12‐month period. The proposed risk factors for future resignations were analysed using multivariable binary logistic regression modelling.ResultsIn total, 398 of 2068 (19.2%) veterinary support staff resigned during the study period. Factors associated with greater odds of future resignations included lower staff engagement (employee net promoter score; odds ratio [OR] = 0.99; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.99–1.00; p < 0.001), lower client practice engagement (net promoter score; OR = 0.98; 95% CI 0.97–1.00; p = 0.012), shorter tenure (OR = 0.92; 95% CI 0.90–0.95; p < 0.001), recent parental leave (OR = 2.37; 95% CI 1.38–4.07; p = 0.002) and younger age (OR = 0.99; 95% CI 0.98–1.00; p = 0.017).LimitationsData were collected retrospectively and were not recorded for research purposes.ConclusionsEmployee and client net promoter scores are important predictors of resignations and could be useful tools for managers. Recent parental leave is a predictor of support staff attrition, and ‘return to work’ interventions may present an opportunity to improve retention.
Development and validity of type II sulcus vocalis in excised canine larynx
Authors: Gong Ting , Yu Peng‐Cheng , Xue Chao , Sun An‐Rong , Zhang Yi , Fang Rui , Zhu Bing‐Hua 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis study aims to develop a sulcus vocalis model in the excised canine larynx and to investigate the validity of the model.MethodsType II sulcus vocalis was created by continuous intradermal suture in six excised canine larynges. We investigated the validity of the model based on phonatory (aerodynamic and acoustic) measures, laryngeal videostroboscopy (LVS), and histological examination. The aeroacoustic parameters included phonation threshold pressure (PTP), fundamental frequency (Fo), jitter %, shimmer %, and harmonics‐to‐noise ratio (HNR).ResultsIn all the experimental specimens, there were significant increases in the PTP ([6.61 ± 1.66] cm H2O, p < 0.01), the Fo ([106.48 ± 49.59] Hz, p = 0.003), the jitter ([0.76 ± 0.42]%, p = 0.007), the shimmer ([6.87 ± 2.99%, p = 0.002]), while the HNR decreased ([5.71 ± 4.68] dB, p = 0.031), compared to that of the untreated canine larynges. The estabilished model simulated the histology with type Ⅱ sulcus.ConclusionsType Ⅱ sulcus vocalis was successfully created in excised canine larynx. The aeroacoustic and LVS analysis of this model resembled the characteristics of patients with sulcus vocalis. The model could be helpful to elucidate the pathology of the phonation, and evaluate and compare the treatments for sulcus vocalis.
The Integrated Landslides Monitoring System of Gimigliano Municipality, Southern Italy
Authors: Capparelli Giovanna , Artese Serena , Carri Andrea , Lombardo Margherita , Segalini Andrea , Valletta Alessandro , Muto Francesco 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMonitoring the stability of a slope is one of the non-structural measures aimed at reducing the risk of landslides. Displacement detection is now possible through numerous monitoring techniques, including remote sensing and ground-based solutions. In particular, in-situ monitoring allows some advantages related to using low-cost instruments whose communication can be facilitated by IoT technologies. In this chapter, we illustrate an example of an intelligent system for the integrated monitoring of the main landslide bodies of Gimigliano (CZ), southern Italy.The station includes clusters for monitoring deep movements and piezometric levels, as well as for urban structures through specific sensors and a network of sensors for topographic surface monitoring. The system was designed to be almost fully automatic and oriented to support near real-time warning activities. The data recorded by the deep and surface monitoring instruments confirm that the study area is affected by complex phenomena requiring long-term on-site monitoring.Specifically, analysis of the deep movements revealed some critical events during spring 2022 and summer 2023 that resulted in positive and negative millimetric deformations, measured by the tilt meters installed in correspondence with the monitored sites. Surface topographic analysis indicates displacement rates of 2.5–5 cm/year.
Experimental Study on Residual Shear Strength of Soil Using Undrained Ring Shear Apparatus
Authors: Amali N. P. G. , Maduranga H. R. , Weerasinghe A. R. P. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn general, studies of residual shear strength are minimal for soils on landslide-prone slopes in Sri Lanka. This study focuses on determining the residual shear strength of the soil samples taken from the Athwelthota landslide area, by conducting a series of undrained monotonic shear-stress control ring shear tests. The shear behavior of soil under different effective normal stress conditions was observed and further, the shearing behavior of soil samples with different contents of silt and clay was analyzed. The results showed that a small cohesion was exhibited at low effective normal stress conditions and the mobilized friction angle became constant at higher normal stresses. It was also found that peak and steady-state shear strengths decreased when the fine content increased, resulting a higher brittleness index. And the brittleness index decreases with the increase of effective normal stress. Monitoring the pore water pressure during the shearing shows that it increased with shear displacement. A significant reduction in the shear strength could result from the shear failure due to the buildup of excess pore-water pressure within the shear zone. The specimen confined under identical stress conditions generated higher excess pore water pressure within the shear zone when the fine content was higher.
Loess Landslides–Peculiarities of Deformation Mechanism
Authors: Zerkal Oleg V. , Barykina Olga S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLoess on the Earth occupies an area of more than 13 million km2. The greatest spread of loess is in Europe and Asia (mainly south of 62°N), where vast areas are composed of loess from the surface, the thickness of which varies in Europe from a few meters to 20–30 m, and in the Caucasus, in intermountain hollows of Central Asia, China-from 50–60 m to 100 m and more. The peculiarity of loess is its predisposition to the development of subsidence-compaction during moistening under the action of both their own weight and external loads. As a result, in the areas of loess distribution, in addition to classical landslide forms, a special type of landslides is often observed, in the formation of which subsidence plays a significant role. The main factors in the formation of “subsidence landslides” are a decrease in the strength of loess as a result of increasing water cut. Underground water moistens the loess thickness from below to the state when its structure breaks under its own weight and subsidence begins with the formation of cracks on the day surface. Further moistening and destruction of the loess structure continues at the expense of both groundwater and atmospheric water absorbed through cracks. Such combination of conditions determines further development of subsidence phenomena and subsequent landslide deformations. The rate of displacement of such landslides depends on the extent and rate of subsidence development at the base of the slope. “Subsidence landslides” can be defined as a type of complex landslides.
Strategic Action Line LI6: Evolving and Resilient Production
Authors: Secchi Cristian , Golinelli Fabio , Semeraro Luigi , Benatti Paolo , Gilioli Edmondo , Macchi Marco , Bosi Gildo , Salmoiraghi Sandro , Tomesani Luca 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe objective of this chapter is to describe the strategic action line related to evolving and resilient production (LI6). In particular, this chapter proposes research and innovation priorities aimed at exploiting a high degree of machine automation and self-learning, with levels of autonomy and adaptive intelligence designed to facilitate the operators’ job. From the work with cluster members, it emerged in particular that the following topics need to be studied and developed in the coming years: modelling and simulation for the design and management of production systems as well as hardware and software technologies for production system reconfigurability. The technology enablers are linked to the availability of smart modular devices that can be integrated wireless in a transparent, autonomous way, capable of monitoring and controlling manufacturing assets and products, and supporting decision-making, ensuring ready access to all necessary operational, configuration, fault and maintenance data.
Strategic Action Line LI4: High Efficiency and Zero Defect
Authors: Urgo Marcello , Rampa Vittorio , Cotti Piccinelli Renato , Sortino Marco , Petrali Pierluigi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe objective of this chapter is to describe the strategic action line related to high efficiency and zero defect production (LI4). In particular, this chapter proposes research and innovation priorities aimed at studying models for efficiency in terms of: zero-defect technologies designed to reduce non-conformances, monitoring processes during the various phases like quality management, maintenance and internal logistics of a manufacturing system, upgrading and improving the capacity of equipment and industrial goods; robustness/flexibility as the capacity to face disruptions, due to the precarious supply of incoming materials and parts, and to the specific properties of the material (anisotropy, low rigidity, etc.); smart systems for optimized use of available resources (equipment, human operator, knowledge) and for the control and management of production systems through models (CPS, empirical models, etc.).
Pyruvate kinase M2 sustains cardiac mitochondrial quality surveillance in septic cardiomyopathy by regulating prohibitin 2 abundance via S91 phosphorylation
Authors: Du Yingzhen , Li Jialei , Dai Zhe , Chen Yuxin , Zhao Yao , Liu Xiaoman , Xia Tian , Zhu Pingjun , Wang Yijin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe endogenous mitochondrial quality control (MQC) system serves to protect mitochondria against cellular stressors. Although mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to cardiac damage during many pathological conditions, the regulatory signals influencing MQC disruption during septic cardiomyopathy (SC) remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the involvement of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) and prohibitin 2 (PHB2) interaction followed by MQC impairment in the pathogenesis of SC. We utilized LPS-induced SC models in PKM2 transgenic (PKM2TG) mice, PHB2S91D-knockin mice, and PKM2-overexpressing HL-1 cardiomyocytes. After LPS-induced SC, cardiac PKM2 expression was significantly downregulated in wild-type mice, whereas PKM2 overexpression in vivo sustained heart function, suppressed myocardial inflammation, and attenuated cardiomyocyte death. PKM2 overexpression relieved sepsis-related mitochondrial damage via MQC normalization, evidenced by balanced mitochondrial fission/fusion, activated mitophagy, restored mitochondrial biogenesis, and inhibited mitochondrial unfolded protein response. Docking simulations, co-IP, and domain deletion mutant protein transfection experiments showed that PKM2 phosphorylates PHB2 at Ser91, preventing LPS-mediated PHB2 degradation. Additionally, the A domain of PKM2 and the PHB domain of PHB2 are required for PKM2-PHB2 binding and PHB2 phosphorylation. After LPS exposure, expression of a phosphorylation-defective PHB2S91A mutant negated the protective effects of PKM2 overexpression. Moreover, knockin mice expressing a phosphorylation-mimetic PHB2S91D mutant showed improved heart function, reduced inflammation, and preserved mitochondrial function following sepsis induction. Abundant PKM2 expression is a prerequisite to sustain PKM2-PHB2 interaction which is a key element for preservation of PHB2 phosphorylation and MQC, presenting novel interventive targets for the treatment of septic cardiomyopathy.