bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Addressing the Shortage of Stock Assessment Scientists through Undergraduate Workshops
Authors: Berkson J. , Hudy S. F. , McMullin S. L. , Murphy B. R. , Prager M. H. , Kelly M. J. , Thompson N. B. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
A recent Congressional report identified a shortage of scientists entering the discipline of stock assessment. The Southeast Fisheries Science Center of NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service and Virginia Tech created the Population Dynamics Recruiting Program (PDRP) to improve the quality of graduate students interested in entering the field. An annual week-long workshop identifies top students nationally with the potential to excel in population dynamics and educates them about the discipline. Program evaluation indicates that between 25% and 33% of workshop participants have subsequently entered graduate school in the field. Sixty-nine percent of those students knew little about the field before the workshop, and 85% reported wanting to pursue population dynamics because of their workshop experience. Continuing and strengthening the PDRP is an important component of a strategy to reduce the shortage of qualified stock assessment scientists.
Abdicating Responsibility: The Deceits of Fisheries Policy
Authors: Bromley Daniel W. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
The imperiled status of global fish stocks offers clear evidence of the comprehensive failure of national governments to provide coherent management to protect those stocks. The universal policy response to this failure seems to consist of nothing more imaginative than the free gifting to the commercial fishing sector of permanent endowments of income and wealth under the utopian claims associated with individual transferable quotas (ITQs). It now seems that the fishing industry is to be entrusted to become exemplary stewards, to become efficient, to maximize resource rent, to stop racing for fish, and to make society better off. These exultant promises are rendered false by the incoherent models from fisheries economics that are confused about the essential concepts of:
Why Do People Drop Out of Recreational Fishing? A Study of Lapsed Fishers from Queensland, Australia
Authors: Sutton Stephen G. , Dew Kara , Higgs Jim 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
We sought to understand declining recreational fishing participation in Queensland, Australia, by investigating why lapsed fishers ceased fishing and identifying the constraints that prevented them from resuming their fishing participation. The primary reasons for ceasing fishing were lack of time, loss of interest, and poor fishing quality. Most lapsed fishers were able to compensate for loss of fishing activity by increasing participation in other activities; about one-quarter reported a decrease in their overall leisure activity and leisure satisfaction since ceasing fishing. Half of the lapsed fishers surveyed reported an interest in fishing again; however, only 15% believed it was likely they would go fishing in the next 12 months. Most lapsed fishers interested in returning to fishing cited too many commitments, lack of knowledge about fishing regulations, and lack of fishing partners as reasons preventing them from fishing. Demographic characteristics significantly influenced the reasons for ceasing fishing and the perceptions of constraints preventing resumption of fishing activity. Results should help the recreational fishing sector develop strategies to deal with declining recreational fishing participation.
Perceptions of Audible Nasal Emission in Speakers with Cleft Palate: A Comparative Study of Listener Judgments
Authors: Baylis Adriane L. , Munson Benjamin , Moller Karlind T. 
Published: June 2010

Objective Audible nasal emission is a common speech distortion observed in persons with cleft palate. This study examined the validity and reliability of perceptual judgments of audible nasal emission using interval scaling and magnitude estimation techniques. Participants Speech samples were collected from six adolescents with repaired cleft palate, all of whom demonstrated audible nasal emission. A total of 31 adults performed rating tasks in which they judged the severity of audible nasal emission in speech samples. Measures Occurrences of audible nasal emission in speech samples were identified using visual and auditory inspection. Using an acoustic modification technique, samples were digitally modified to amplify perceived occurrences of audible nasal emission to create three stimulus conditions. The original recording of the speech samples served as a control condition. The severity of audible nasal emission in the samples was judged by multiple listeners using interval scaling and magnitude estimation without a modulus. Statistical analysis included analysis of variance, regression, and curve-fitting methods. Results Magnitude-estimation ratings demonstrated stronger evidence of validity and reliability than interval scaling. A curvilinear relationship was found between the sets of ratings. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that audible nasal emission may be a prothetic or ratio-level perceptual continua. Listeners should consider using magnitude estimation or other ratio-based methods for perceptual judgments of audible nasal emission.
Homozygous Mutations inNEUROD1Are Responsible for a Novel Syndrome of Permanent Neonatal Diabetes and Neurological Abnormalities
Authors: Rubio-Cabezas Oscar , Minton Jayne A.L. , Kantor Iren , Williams Denise , Ellard Sian , Hattersley Andrew T. 
Published: June 2010

OBJECTIVENEUROD1 is expressed in both developing and mature β-cells. Studies in mice suggest that this basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor is critical in the development of endocrine cell lineage. Heterozygous mutations have previously been identified as a rare cause of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY). We aimed to explore the potential contribution of NEUROD1 mutations in patients with permanent neonatal diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSWe sequenced the NEUROD1 gene in 44 unrelated patients with permanent neonatal diabetes of unknown genetic etiology.RESULTSTwo homozygous mutations in NEUROD1 (c.427_ 428del and c.364dupG) were identified in two patients. Both mutations introduced a frameshift that would be predicted to generate a truncated protein completely lacking the activating domain. Both patients had permanent diabetes diagnosed in the first 2 months of life with no evidence of exocrine pancreatic dysfunction and a morphologically normal pancreas on abdominal imaging. In addition to diabetes, they had learning difficulties, severe cerebellar hypoplasia, profound sensorineural deafness, and visual impairment due to severe myopia and retinal dystrophy.CONCLUSIONSWe describe a novel clinical syndrome that results from homozygous loss of function mutations in NEUROD1. It is characterized by permanent neonatal diabetes and a consistent pattern of neurological abnormalities including cerebellar hypoplasia, learning difficulties, sensorineural deafness, and visual impairment. This syndrome highlights the critical role of NEUROD1 in both the development of the endocrine pancreas and the central nervous system in humans.
Atomic layer deposition of HfO2 on graphene from HfCl4 and H2O
Authors: Alles Harry , Aarik Jaan , Aidla Aleks , Fay Aurelien , Kozlova Jekaterina , Niilisk Ahti , Pärs Martti , Rähn Mihkel , Wiesner Maciej , Hakonen Pertti , Sammelselg Väino 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Atomic layer deposition of HfO2 on unmodified graphene from HfCl4 and H2O was investigated. Surface RMS roughness down to 0.5 nm was obtained for amorphous, 30 nm thick hafnia film grown at 180°C. HfO2 was also deposited in a two-step temperature process where the initial growth of about 1 nm at 170°C was continued up to 10–30 nm at 300°C. This process yielded uniform, monoclinic HfO2 films with RMS roughness of 1.7 nm for 10–12 nm thick films and 2.5 nm for 30 nm thick films. Raman spectroscopy studies revealed that the deposition process caused compressive biaxial strain in graphene, whereas no extra defects were generated. An 11 nm thick HfO2 film deposited onto bilayer graphene reduced the electron mobility by less than 10% at the Dirac point and by 30–40% far away from it.
Effects of low-level La doping and ageing on TlPb-1223 high T
c superconductors
Authors: Cigáň Alexander , Plesch Gustav , Škrátek Martin , Kopčok Michal , Maňka Ján , Jurdák Peter , Koňakovský Anton 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Bulk samples of the nominal composition of (Tl0.6Pb0.5)(Sr0.8Ba0.2)2Ca2Cu3O8+δ−xLaO1.5 (x = 0–0.1) were prepared by using two-step process and their microstructure, T
c values, and magnetization were studied. The samples consist of the Tl-1223 dominant phase with small Tl-1212 admixture, which increases with a rise of La content. Five years ageing and following oxygen annealing at 450°C and subsequently at 750°C have only a modest effect on T
c values of the studied samples. Low-level La doping (x = 0:04) leads to an increase of T
c values by about 2 K in comparison with undoped samples. Oxygen annealing at 750°C results in an increase in the volume magnetization hysteresis in low applied magnetic fields and rise of critical current density at zero magnetic field and 77 K. This effect is most pronounced for the low La doped sample with x = 0.04. Changes of the induced voltage, U originating in the Meissner effect and of its harmonics in dependence on temperature were measured and used for characterization of the temperature distribution of inter-grain junctions.
Radish plant behaviour under short-term elevated ozone fumigation
Authors: Sakalauskaitė Jurga , Brazaitytė Aušra , Urbonavičiūtė Akvilė , Samuolienė Giedrė , Šabajevienė Gintarė , Sakalauskienė Sandra , Duchovskis Pavelas 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Effects of short-term ozone (O3) fumigation on radish (Raphanus sativus L.) plants were examined in growth chambers under controlled environment conditions. Plants were exposed to 0 μg/m3 (reference), 80 μg/m3, 160 μg/m3 and 240 μg/m3 O3 concentrations for 7 h per day for five days. Day/night temperature was 21°C/14°C and photoperiod 16 h. Chlorophyll content was evaluated spectrophotometrically. Chromatographic analysis of saccharides was also undertaken. The results showed that elevated O3 inhibited the growth of radish rhizocarps, net assimilation rate and biomass accumulation. O3 induced leaf desiccation, necrosis and premature senescence, but a typical reaction of plants to O3 stress was the rapid regeneration of new leaves. O3 inhibited accumulation of carotenoids more than chlorophylls. The higher photosynthetic pigment content in newly generated radish leaves may be regarded as an adaptation of the photosynthetic system to O3. Leaf saccharide metabolism and incorporation depended on O3 concentration. Rapid regeneration of new leaves and increased content of photosynthetic pigments is the typical reaction of radish plants to O3 stress.
Xylan sorption kinetics at industrial conditions Part 2. Modeling
Authors: Ribe Espen , Lindblad Margaretha Söderqvist , Dahlman Olof , Theliander Hans 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
A model describing the sorption kinetics for black liquor birch xylan onto unbleached softwood kraft fibers at industrially relevant process conditions has been developed. The experimental results support the suggestion that xylan sorption is a physical process. Our model is based on the assumption that the mass transfer between bulk liquor and fiber surfaces is the rate determining step. The effects of changes in process conditions like temperature, NaOH concentration and ion strength are included in the model. The model fits the experimental data quite well for sorption temperatures between 87 and 127°C. Other mechanisms affect the observed sorption at higher sorption temperatures. Consequently, more data is needed to produce a model for sorption at elevated temperatures. Deviations from the experimental data at temperatures up to 127°C are proposed to be a result of competing mechanisms not accounted for in our model. These can, for instance, be the transportation of xylan from the surface into the cell wall, the degradation of xylan in solution, the removal of substituents from the xylan backbone, or a decrease in NaOH concentration in the solution.
Mass balance of lipophilic extractives around impressafiner in mill and pilot scale
Authors: Tanase Mihaela , Stenius Per , Johansson Lars , Hill Jan , Sandberg Christer 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Removal of extractives from the pulp furnish is of great importance for the improvement of paper machine efficiency and also for reducing the energy consumption during the thermomechanical pulp refining process. Extractives can exist in many different forms in the process water; as colloidal particles, dissolved or attached to fines and fibres. It is therefore important to know in which form they exist in order to fully understand their behaviour. In this paper, we report on an evaluation of the removal of extractives released from chips of different raw materials pre-treated in an Impressafiner, in pilot and in mill scale. In pilot trial the raw materials used were loblolly pine and white spruce and in the mil scale trial the raw material used was norway spruce. The colloidal stability of extractives present in the pressate water from the Impressafiner and their flocculation behaviour by cationic polymers (CPAM and Poly-DADMAC) under different conditions was also investigated. Calculations of mass balances around an Impressafiner showed that it was possible to remove up to 40% of extractives before the refining process. The reduction in total extractives content was mainly due to released resin acids while fatty acids, triglycerides, steryl esters and sterols to a large extent remained in the wood chips after pre-treatment. The removal of extractives from pine was four times higher than from spruce chips. The results can be explained in terms of the extractive composition in the raw material and the morphological differences in the wood structure.
The effect of various retention aids on retention and formation
Authors: Svedberg Anna , Lindström Tom 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
The interdependency between retention and paper formation was studied using a previously designed R-F (Retention and formation)-machine. The objective of the work was to investigate the retentionformation relationship for different types of retention aid systems. Both single-component cationic polyacrylamides with varying molecular weights and polyacrylamide- based microparticulate retention aids were investigated on the R-F-machine, for a fine paper stock with addition of 25% filler (based on total solids content). Results showed that the retention-formation relationship was not dependent on the retention aid systems used, since all systems provided similar relationships. In terms of the retention performance, significant differences were observed, depending on the choice of microparticle system and molecular weight of the used cationic polyacrylamide.
Fibre orientation measurements near a headbox wall
Authors: Carlsson Allan , Söderberg L. Daniel , Lundell Fredrik 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Experimental results on the fibre orientation in a laboratory scale headbox are reported. Images containing fibres in approximately 1 mm thick slices parallel to the wall were captured at different wall distances. A steerable filter was used to determine the orientation of bleached and unbeaten birch fibres, suspended in water, at different distances from one of the inclined walls of the headbox contraction. Due to optical limitations only dilute suspensions were studied. It is shown that the fibre orientation distribution varies with the distance from the wall. Sufficiently far upstream in the headbox a more anisotropic distribution is found closer to the wall.
Tim-3/Galectin-9 Pathway: Regulation of Th1 Immunity through Promotion of CD11b+Ly-6G+ Myeloid Cells
Authors: Dardalhon Valerie , Anderson Ana C. , Karman Jozsef , Apetoh Lionel , Chandwaskar Rucha , Lee David H. , Cornejo Melanie , Nishi Nozomu , Yamauchi Akira , Quintana Francisco J. , Sobel Raymond A. , Hirashima Mitsuomi , Kuchroo Vijay K. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIFN-γ plays a central role in antitumor immunity. T cell Ig and mucin domain (Tim-3) is expressed on IFN-γ–producing Th1 cells; on interaction with its ligand, galectin-9, Th1 immunity is terminated. In this study, we show that transgenic overexpression of Tim-3 on T cells results in an increase in CD11b+Ly-6G+ cells and inhibition of immune responses. Molecular characterization of CD11b+Ly-6G+ cells reveals a phenotype consistent with granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Accordingly, we find that modulation of the Tim-3/galectin-9 (Gal-9) pathway impacts on tumor growth. Similarly, overexpression of Tim-3 ligand, Gal-9, results in an increase in CD11b+Ly-6G+ cells and inhibition of immune responses. Loss of Tim-3 restores normal levels of CD11b+Ly-6G+ cells and normal immune responses in Gal-9 transgenic mice. Our data uncover a novel mechanism by which the Tim-3/Gal-9 pathway regulates immune responses and identifies this pathway as a therapeutic target in diseases where myeloid-derived suppressor cells are disadvantageous.
Distal Regions of the Human IFNG Locus Direct Cell Type-Specific Expression
Authors: Collins Patrick L. , Chang Shaojing , Henderson Melodie , Soutto Mohammed , Davis Georgia M. , McLoed Allyson G. , Townsend Michael J. , Glimcher Laurie H. , Mortlock Douglas P. , Aune Thomas M. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Genes, such as IFNG, which are expressed in multiple cell lineages of the immune system, may employ a common set of regulatory elements to direct transcription in multiple cell types or individual regulatory elements to direct expression in individual cell lineages. By employing a bacterial artificial chromosome transgenic system, we demonstrate that IFNG employs unique regulatory elements to achieve lineage-specific transcriptional control. Specifically, a one 1-kb element 30 kb upstream of IFNG activates transcription in T cells and NKT cells but not in NK cells. This distal regulatory element is a Runx3 binding site in Th1 cells and is needed for RNA polymerase II recruitment to IFNG, but it is not absolutely required for histone acetylation of the IFNG locus. These results support a model whereby IFNG uses cis-regulatory elements with cell type-restricted function.
GPR17 Regulates Immune Pulmonary Inflammation Induced by House Dust Mites
Authors: Maekawa Akiko , Xing Wei , Austen K. Frank , Kanaoka Yoshihide 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Antagonists of the type 1 cysteinyl leukotriene receptor (CysLT1R) are efficacious for bronchoconstriction in humans with bronchial asthma; however, the clinical response to these drugs is heterogeneous. In particular, how CysLT1R expression and function are constitutively regulated in vivo is not known. In this study, we show that a seven-transmembrane receptor, GPR17, negatively regulates the CysLT1R-mediated inflammatory cell accumulation in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung, the levels of IgE and specific IgG1 in serum, and Th2/Th17 cytokine expression in the lung after intranasal sensitization and challenge with the house dust mite (extract of Dermatophagoides farinae [Df]) in mice. Sensitization of naive wild-type recipients with Df-pulsed bone marrow-derived dendritic cells of each genotype or sensitization of each genotype with Df-pulsed wild-type bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and Df challenge revealed markedly increased pulmonary inflammatory and serum IgE responses for GPR17-deficient mice as compared with wild-type mice and reduced responses in the genotypes lacking CysLT1R. These findings reveal a constitutive negative regulation of CysLT1R functions by GPR17 in both the Ag presentation and downstream phases of allergic pulmonary inflammation.
Amine‐Reactive Dyes for Dead Cell Discrimination in Fixed Samples
Authors: Perfetto Stephen P. , Chattopadhyay Pratip K. , Lamoreaux Laurie , Nguyen Richard , Ambrozak David , Koup Richard A. , Roederer Mario 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAmine‐reactive dyes, also known as LIVE/DEAD fixable dead cell stains, are a class of viability dyes suitable for identifying dead cells in samples that will be fixed. These dyes cross the cell membranes of dead cells, and react with free amines in the cytoplasm. Live cells exclude these dyes because their cell membranes are intact, and free dye is washed away after staining. Notably, the reaction is irreversible; therefore, when cells are fixed and permeabilized (as with intracellular staining procedures), the bound dye remains associated with the dead cells (unlike other viability dyes). Since amine‐reactive dyes are fluorescent when excited by lasers, dead cells can be identified by flow cytometry. This unit describes procedures, troubleshooting, and outcomes for using the two most commonly used amine‐reactive dyes, ViViD and Aqua Blue. Curr. Protoc. Cytom. 53:9.34.1‐9.34.14. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Detection of Intracellular Glutathione Using ThiolTracker Violet Stain and Fluorescence Microscopy
Authors: Mandavilli Bhaskar S. , Janes Michael S. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractGlutathione plays an important role in protecting mammalian cells from oxidative stress and cell death. Because reduced glutathione (GSH) represents the large majority of intracellular free thiols, cell‐permeant, thiol‐reactive fluorescent probes represent potentially useful indicators of intracellular GSH. The ThiolTracker Violet stain (a registered trademark of Invitrogen) is a bright fluorescent probe that is highly reactive to thiols and can be used as a convenient and effective indicator of intracellular GSH and general redox status by a variety of detection modalities. While this probe has been validated in flow cytometry and microplate fluorimetry assays, the following method will describe details on the use of the ThiolTracker Violet dye in traditional fluorescence microscopy, as well as high‐content imaging and analysis. Curr. Protoc. Cytom. 53:9.35.1‐9.35.8. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Lignite and Brown Coal
Authors: Vorres Karl S. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractLignite and brown coal are common names for coals having properties intermediate between peat and bituminous coal as a result of limited coalification. In general, brown coal designates a geologically younger, ie, less coalified, material than the firmer, fibrous lignite. In the ASTM classification,both kinds of coal are termed lignite. Selection of coal for a particular use requires a knowledge of the composition greater than that supplied by ASTM. Progress is being made toward classifying all kinds of coal, including lignite by correlating properties with composition and other qualities. Lignitic coal typically involves deposits near the surface and is mined by open‐cast, open‐cut or strip mining methods. The primary use of lignite is in steam generation of electric power. Lesser amounts generally in the form of briquettes are used for industrial and domestic heating. The by‐products from briquette production have been used for liquid fuels and chemical manufacture. Lignite is also converted by gasification to synthesis gas for motor fuels, chemicals and ammonia‐based fertilizers in large integral plants.