bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Joint Preservation of the Osteoarthritic Ankle Using Distraction Arthroplasty
Authors: Tellisi Nazzar , Fragomen Austin T. , Kleinman Dawn , O'Malley Martin J. , Rozbruch S. Robert 
Published: April 2009

Background: In recent years ankle distraction arthroplasty has gained popularity in the treatment of ankle arthritis as a means of both maintaining range of motion and avoiding fusion. We present a retrospective review of 25 patients who have undergone ankle distraction from 1999 to 2006. Materials and Methods: The mean age was 43 years; 16 were male, and 7 were female. Followup was 30 months after frame removal (range, 12 to 60 months). We were able to obtain followup on 23 of 25 patients. Adjuvant procedures were performed in some cases including Achilles tendon lengthening (5), ankle arthroscopy (4), open arthrotomy (1), and supramalleolar tibial and distal fibular osteotomy to correct distal tibial deformity (6). Results: Twenty-one patients (91%) reported improved pain with those furthest post-op experiencing the best results. The average preoperative AOFAS score was 55 (range, 29 to 82), and the average postoperative score was 74 (range, 47 to 96). The difference between pre- and postoperative scores was significant ( p = 0.005). SF-36 scores showed modest improvement in all components. Only two of the patients in the study underwent fusion after ankle distraction. Total ankle motion was maintained in all patients with improvement in the functional arc of motion in five patients who started with mild equinus contractures. Conclusion: We feel that ankle distraction offers a promising solution for many people with ankle arthritis. Level of Evidence: IV, Retrospective Case Series
Flatfoot Prevalence and Foot Dimensions of 5– to 13-Year-Old Children in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Jiann-Perng , Chung Meng-Jung , Wang Mao-Jiun 
Published: April 2009

Background: The prevalence of flatfeet in normal and obese children has not been studied well in the past. The prevalence of flatfoot and foot dimensions of school children in Taiwan were investigated in this study. Materials and Methods: One thousand twenty-four school children (549 boys and 475 girls) aged 5 to 13 years participated in this study. Fifteen foot dimensions were measured using a 3D coordinate measuring probe, digital tape measure and Harris mat imprint. Two-way ANOVA was conducted to evaluate the flatfoot and obesity effects on foot dimensions as well as on the change in foot size between weightbearing and nonweightbearing conditions. Results: The prevalence of flatfoot for 5- to 13-year-old children was 28% with a decreasing trend with age. Boys had a significantly higher frequency for flatfoot than girls (chi-square = 26.3; p < 0.001). The prevalence of flatfoot was 35% in boys and 20% in girls. The percent of overweight and obese children was 20%. A significant difference in the prevalence of flatfoot occurred between normal-weight (27%), overweight (31%), and obese (56%) children (chi-square = 18.0; p < 0.001). The obesity effect was significant ( p < 0.01) for most foot dimensions. However, the flatfoot effect was only significant ( p < 0.05) on foot height for both genders. Conclusion: Obese children have a higher frequency of flatfoot, greater foot dimensions, and less change in foot width with weightbearing than normal weight children. Children with flatfeet have a lower foot height and greater foot length change than children with normal feet with weightbearing. Level of Evidence: III, Comparative Case Series
Intensity, repetitiveness, and directionality of habitual adolescent mobility patterns influence the tibial diaphysis morphology of athletes
Authors: Shaw Colin N. , Stock Jay T. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMobility patterns affect the loads placed on the lower limbs during locomotion and may influence variation in lower limb diaphyseal robusticity and shape. This relationship commonly forms the basis for inferring mobility patterns from hominin fossil and skeletal remains. This study assesses the correspondence between athletic histories, varying by loading intensity, repetition and directionality, measured using a recall questionnaire, and peripheral quantitative computed tomography‐derived measurements of tibial diaphysis rigidity and shape. Participants included male university varsity cross‐country runners (n = 15), field hockey players (n = 15), and controls (n = 20) [mean age: 22.1 (SD +/− 2.6) years]. Measurements of tibial rigidity (including J, %CA, Imax, Imin, and average cortical thickness) of both runners and field hockey players were greater than controls (P ≤ 0.05). Differences in tibial shape (Imax/Imin, P ≤ 0.05) between runners and hockey players reflect pronounced maximum plane (Imax) rigidity in runners, and more symmetrical hypertrophy (Imax, Imin) among hockey players. This corresponds with the generally unidirectional locomotor patterns of runners, and the multidirectional patterns of hockey players. These results support the relationship between mobility and tibial diaphysis morphology as it is generally interpreted in the anthropological literature, with greater levels of mobility associated with increased diaphyseal robusticity and shape variation. Although exercise intensity may be the primary influence on these properties, the repetitiveness of the activity also deserves consideration. In conclusion, bone morphological patterns can reflect habitual behaviors, with adaptation to locomotor activities likely contributing to variation in tibial rigidity and shape properties in archaeological and fossil samples. Am J Phys Anthropol 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preparation of N‐alkylpyridinium aryl ketone derivatives via the surfactant promoted cross‐coupling reaction of N‐alkylpyridiniumboronic acids with carboxylic anhydride in water at room temperature
Authors: Matondo H. , Garrigues J. C. , Rico‐Lattes I. , Lattes A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe palladium (II) chloride catalyzed coupling reaction of N‐alkylpyridiniumboronic acids with benzoic anhydride was carried out smoothly in water to give high yields of ketones without the use of a phosphine ligand. The reaction was conducted under mild conditions at room temperature. In this article, by focusing on the Suzuki reaction, it is shown how this method can impact modern synthetic chemistry, making reactions faster, easier and cleaner. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self‐assembled three‐dimensional flower‐like α‐Fe2O3 nanostructures and their application in catalysis
Authors: Zhang Wu , Chen Jie , Wang Xiang , Qi Hongling , Peng Kaishan 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThree‐dimensional flower‐like α‐Fe2O3 nanostructures have been successfully synthesized by a simple surfactant‐free environmental friendly solvolthermal process. The as‐prepared products were investigated by X‐ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. By adjusting the synthetic parameters, the shape of the α‐Fe2O3 nanostructures can be controlled. The three‐dimensional flower‐like α‐Fe2O3 nanostructures were found to be highly active as catalysts for phenol alkylation. The effects of various parameters, such as reaction temperature, reaction time and the amount of catalyst, were studied. The catalyst was stable and could be reused three times in normal atmosphere without suffering appreciable loss in catalytic activity. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiple neural networks modeling techniques in process control: a review
Authors: Ahmad Zainal , Mat Noor Rabiatul ′Adawiah , Zhang Jie 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis paper reviews new techniques to improve neural network model robustness for nonlinear process modeling and control. The focus is on multiple neural networks. Single neural networks have been dominating the neural network ‘world’. Despite many advantages that have been mentioned in the literature, some problems that can deteriorate neural network performance such as lack of generalization have been bothering researchers. Driven by this, neural network ‘world’ evolves and converges toward better representations of the modeled functions that can lead to better generalization and manages to sweep away all the glitches that have shadowed neural network applications. This evolution has lead to a new approach in applying neural networks that is called as multiple neural networks. Just recently, multiple neural networks have been broadly used in numerous applications since their performance is literally better than that of those using single neural networks in representing nonlinear systems. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Urban versus rural residence and occurrence of septal heart defects in Texas
Authors: Langlois Peter H. , Scheuerle Angela , Horel Scott A. , Carozza Susan E. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:There is conflicting information on the association between urban/rural residence of mothers and atrial septal defect (ASD) or ventricular septal defect (VSD) in their offspring. Few studies have compared multiple measures of urban/rural residence.METHODS:Data were taken from the Texas Birth Defects Registry, 1999–2003. Poisson regression was used to compare crude and adjusted birth prevalence.RESULTS:Three broad urban/rural measures, namely, the rural urban continuum code (RUCC), urban influence code (UIC), and rural urban commuting area (RUCA), were correlated with each other, but much less correlated with percentage of land in crops. ASD showed few consistent patterns with RUCC, UIC, and RUCA but was more prevalent in counties with higher cropland percentage. For example, counties with ≥50% cropland had a prevalence ratio (PR) for isolated ASD of 3.49 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.85–4.24) compared to counties with <15% cropland. VSD was less prevalent in rural areas using RUCC, UIC, and RUCA. For example, for isolated VSD, small towns/rural areas had a PR of 0.64 (95% CI: 0.51–0.78) compared to urban core areas using RUCA. The pattern was seen among mild cases of VSD but not among severe cases. VSD was not associated with percentage cropland.CONCLUSIONS:The measure of urban/rural status can greatly affect associations with certain birth defects. More prevalent ASD in areas with greater percentage cropland suggests that agricultural chemicals may be relevant. Mild cases of VSD but not severe cases were less prevalent in rural areas, suggesting that variation in detection may be largely responsible. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Challenges and regulatory experiences with non‐inferiority trial design without placebo arm
Authors: Hung H. M. James , Wang Sue‐Jane , O'Neill Robert 
Published: April 2009

AbstractFor a non‐inferiority trial without a placebo arm, the direct comparison between the test treatment and the selected positive control is in principle the only basis for statistical inference. Therefore, evaluating the test treatment relative to the non‐existent placebo presents extreme challenges and requires some kind of bridging from the past to the present with no current placebo data. For such inference based partly on an indirect bridging manipulation, fixed margin method and synthesis method are the two widely discussed methods in the recent literature. There are major differences in statistical inference paradigm between the two methods. The fixed margin method employs the historical data that assess the performances of the active control versus a placebo to guide the selection of the non‐inferiority margin. Such guidance is not part of the ultimate statistical inference in the non‐inferiority trial. In contrast, the synthesis method connects the historical data to the non‐inferiority trial data for making broader inferences relating the test treatment to the non‐existent current placebo. On the other hand, the type I error rate associated with the direct comparison between the test treatment and the active control cannot shed any light on the appropriateness of the indirect inference for faring the test treatment against the non‐existent placebo. This work explores an approach for assessing the impact of potential bias due to violation of a key statistical assumption to guide determination of the non‐inferiority margin.
Sample size re‐estimation in clinical trials
Authors: Proschan Michael A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAdaptive clinical trials are becoming very popular because of their flexibility in allowing mid‐stream changes of sample size, endpoints, populations, etc. At the same time, they have been regarded with mistrust because they can produce bizarre results in very extreme settings. Understanding the advantages and disadvantages of these rapidly developing methods is a must. This paper reviews flexible methods for sample size re‐estimation when the outcome is continuous.
High‐performance liquid chromatography and LC‐ESI‐MS method for identification and quantification of two isomeric polyisoprenylated benzophenones isoxanthochymol and camboginol in different extracts of Garcinia species
Authors: Kumar Satyanshu , Sharma Shelly , Chattopadhyay Sunil K. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA rapid, sensitive and simple reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization mass spectrometric method has been developed for the identification and quantification of two isomeric polyisoprenylated benzophenones, isoxanthochymol and camboginol, in the extracts of the stem bark, seeds and seed pericarps of Garcinia indica and in the fruit rinds of Garcinia cambogia. The separation of isoxanthochymol and camboginol was achieved on a Perkin Elmer RP8 column (10 × 2.1 mm with 5.0 µm particle size) using a solvent system consisting of a mixture of acetonitrile–water (80:20, v/v) and methanol–acetic acid (99.0:1.0, v/v) as a mobile phase in a gradient elution mode. The limits of detection and quantification were 5 and 10 µg/mL for isoxanthochymol and 50 and 100 µg/mL for camboginol, respectively. The intra‐ and inter‐day precisions were 2.34 and 3.41% for isoxanthochymol and 3.35 and 3.66% for camboginol. The identity of the two isomeric compounds in the samples was determined on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with ESI interface operating in the negative ion mode. The method was used to identify and quantify isoxanthochymol and camboginol in the different extracts of two Garcinia species, Garcinia indica and Garcinia cambogia. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid and sensitive LC‐MS method for pharmacokinetic study of vinorelbine in rats
Authors: Cheng Tiefeng , Si Duanyun , Liu Changxiao 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA rapid and sensitive LC‐electrospray ionization‐MS method was developed for determining vinorelbine in rat plasma. A 100 µL plasma sample was treated using a protein precipitation procedure and was chromatographed within 4 min using an Inertsil ODS‐3 C18 (2.1 × 50 mm, 5 µm) column. The selected ion monitoring ions [M + H]+ were m/z 779 and m/z 811 for vinorelbine and vinblastine (internal standard), respectively. The method validation showed that the calibration curve for vinorelbine was linear over a concentration range of 1–1000 ng/mL with lower limit of quantification at 1 ng/mL. The method has been successfully applied to pharmacokinetics in rat plasma. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cover Picture: The Minimal Size of Liposome‐Based Model Cells Brings about a Remarkably Enhanced Entrapment and Protein Synthesis (ChemBioChem 6/2009)
Authors: Pereira de Souza Tereza , Stano Pasquale , Luisi Pier Luigi 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe cover picture shows the concept of semisynthetic cell construction by co‐ entrapping DNA, enzymes, ribosomes, tRNAs, and small compounds (amino acids, NTPs, etc.) within a lipid vesicle. In order to be able to synthesize a protein, all components of the translation–transcription machinery must be present in the compartment, which is formed spontaneously by lipid self‐assembly. Defined as cells containing the minimal and sufficient number of components to be defined as “alive”, minimal cells have recently become one of the most challenging and attractive goals of synthetic biology. The minimal size of protein‐synthesizing liposomes, as determined in this study, is around 100 nm (radius). In the background, electronmicrographs of ferritin‐containing vesicles (top) and self‐reproducing vesicles (bottom) are shown. The self‐reproduction of minimal cells is one of the challenging goals to be achieved by the semisynthetic approach. For further details, see the article by P. L. Luisi et al. on p. 1056 ff.magnified image
Co‐operatively re‐engineering a financial services information supply chain: A case study
Authors: Fahy Martin , Feller Joseph , Finnegan Patrick , Murphy Ciaran 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis paper presents a case study of the co‐operative design, development, and implementation of an XBRL‐enabled interorganizational system (IOS) by the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority, the Reserve Bank of Australia (central bank), and the Australian Bureau of Statistics to revolutionize reporting by financial institutions in Australia. The findings illustrate that the complexity of data consumption patterns drove increased interdependence within the financial information supply chain requiring the co‐operative development of context sensitive data exchanges and commodity‐like IT infrastructures. The paper concludes that the co‐operative model to IOS development exhibited here is likely to be more suited to the development of systems for financial information supply chains than the hub and spoke model characteristic of IOS in other sectors. Copyright © 2009 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dusty Plasma Structures in Magnetic DC Discharges
Authors: D'yachkov L. G. , Petrov O. F. , Fortov V. E. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractResults are described of experiments in studying the effect of magnetic field on dusty plasma structures in dc discharges. The levitation of dust particles in vertically oriented dc discharges is possible either in the vicinity of the flat surface of cathode (or of special additional electrode) or in an electrostatic trap which forms at the striation head during the stratification of positive column. The most interesting one of the observed effects is that of rotation of dust structures in the case of imposition of axial magnetic field. The rotation occurs about the discharge axis of symmetry with a velocity which is a nonmonotonic function of magnetic force. An increase in the field may cause the variation of direction of rotation for the opposite. An interpretation is given of the mechanism of rotation and of the inversion of its velocity. The rotation of dust structures is caused by the tangential component of ion drag force. It is demonstrated that the inversion is, in the final analysis, associated with the competition between two mechanisms of plasma recombination, namely, those on the discharge tube wall and on the surface of dust particles. When the magnetic field increases, the latter mechanism becomes predominating as a result of magnetization of plasma, and the inversion of rotation occurs (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Comparative studies of various hyaluronic acids produced by microbial fermentation for potential topical ophthalmic applications
Authors: Guillaumie Fanny , Furrer Pascal , Felt‐Baeyens Olivia , Fuhlendorff Birgit L. , Nymand Søren , Westh Peter , Gurny Robert , Schwach‐Abdellaoui Khadija 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis work presents a comparative study of various hyaluronic acids (HA) produced by fermentation of either Bacillus subtilis or Streptococcus towards the selection of an optimal molecular weight (MW) HA for the preparation of topical ophthalmic formulations. The influence of HA MW on water binding capacity, sterile filtration, rheological properties, precorneal residence time and ocular tolerance of ophthalmic solutions was investigated. Molecular weight did not affect hydration of hyaluronic acid according to differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In general, medium MW HA (0.6–1 MDa) resulted in solutions that were superior in terms of sterile filtration and kinematic viscosity requirements compared to high MW HA (>1 MDa). Moreover, all HA‐based solutions exhibited well‐defined viscoelastic properties that depend on MW. Gamma scintigraphic data indicated that HA MW at 0.1% concentration (w/v) and HA origin did not significantly affect the corneal residence time on rabbit eyes. A 0.3% solution of high MW HA had a prolonged residence time in the precorneal area compared to a medium MW HA at the same concentration. Finally, an in vivo ocular irritation test based on confocal laser scanning ophthalmoscopy (CLSO) conclusively showed the excellent tolerance of both Bacillus‐derived HA and Streptococcus‐derived HA after topical instillation onto the corneal surface. Overall, this comprehensive work highlights the superiority of medium MW hyaluronic acid for topical ophthalmic formulations based on their physico‐chemical and biological properties, tolerance and handling. Such solutions are expected to enhance tear film stability, to allow for maximum comfort, and to exhibit high residence times, while being biocompatible and easy to sterile filter. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Dynamic mechanical analysis and esterase degradation of dentin adhesives containing a branched methacrylate
Authors: Park Jong‐Gu , Ye Qiang , Topp Elizabeth M. , Lee Chi H. , Kostoryz Elisabet L. , Misra Anil , Spencer Paulette 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA study of the dynamic mechanical properties and the enzymatic degradation of new dentin adhesives containing a multifunctional methacrylate are described. Adhesives contained 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2,2‐bis[4‐(2‐hydroxy‐3‐methacryloxypropoxy) phenyl]‐propane, and a new multifunctional methacrylate with a branched side chain‐trimethylolpropane mono allyl ether dimethacrylate (TMPEDMA). Adhesives were photopolymerized in the presence of 0, 8, and 16 wt % water to simulate wet bonding conditions in the mouth and compared with control adhesives. The degree of conversion as a function of irradiation time was comparable for experimental and control adhesives. In dynamic mechanical analysis, broad tan δ peaks were obtained for all samples, indicating that the polymerized networks are heterogeneous; comparison of the full‐width‐at‐half‐maximum values obtained from the tan δ curves indicated increased heterogeneity for samples cured in the presence of water and/or containing TMPEDMA. The experimental adhesive showed higher Tg and higher rubbery modulus indicating increased crosslink density when compared with the control. The improvement in esterase resistance afforded by adhesives containing the TMPEDMA is greater when this material is photopolymerized in the presence of water, suggesting better performance in the moist environment of the mouth. The improved esterase resistance of the new adhesive could be explained in terms of the densely crosslinked network structure and/or the steric hindrance of branched alkyl side chains. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009