bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Renal Cortical Imaging with Tc-99m DMSA in Children: An Institutional Review
Authors: Hardina Septi , Nugrahadi Trias , Budiawan Hendra , Kartamihardja Achmad Hussein Sundawa 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the commonly encountered conditions in children. Dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scintigraphy is widely advocated for functional and morphological evaluation of the renal cortex including parenchymal defect. Moreover, only a small percentage of renal defects are detected by ultrasound. We aimed to examine DMSA scintigraphy of children and identify factors associated with cortical defect.
Methods Patients aged ≤ 18 years old who underwent DMSA scintigraphy (November 18, 2019–February 2, 2023, 30 children) were included. All children received intravenous injections of 99mTc-DMSA followed by static planar and single-photon-emission computed tomography imaging at 3 hours. Cortical findings and differential functions of the worst affected kidney were graded accordingly. Grade I has no more than two cortical defects, grade II has more than two cortical defects with normal parenchyma between the defects, while grade III is when generalized damage is noted, and grade IV is when a shrunken kidney is seen with no DMSA uptake. Normal functioning kidney is when the relative function at 45 to 55%, mildly reduced function at 40 to 44%, and substantially impaired function at 10 to 39%, while nonfunctioning is when the differential split renal function < 10%. All data were then statistically analyzed.
Results Majority was female (53%). The mean age was 5.85 years. UTI episodes were 73%. Twenty-two children had congenital urinary tract anomalies. All patients with vesicoureteric refluxes (VURs) had positive defects. Scintigraphy showed abnormalities in 17 children affecting unilateral (64%) or both kidneys (36%). There were 17 children (57%) respectively in the abnormal DMSA scan findings category with normal until significant impairment of the functioning kidney category. VURs were significantly associated with abnormal scintigraphy (p < 0.05). A significant association was found between abnormal DMSA scan findings and differential renal function (p < 0.05).
Conclusion Significant association was noted between VURs and abnormal DMSA scintigraphy, abnormal DMSA scan findings, and impaired differential renal function. Special consideration should be given to these cases.
Quantum chemical calculations of electron affinities of alkaline earth metal atoms (Ca, Sr, Ba, and Ra)
Authors: Park Eunji , Park Jeongmin , Kim Ingyeong , Kim Jungyoon , Seo Wonil , Yadav Rajesh K. , Kim Joonghan 
Published: June 2024

We performed high-level ab initio quantum chemical calculations, incorporating higher-order excitations, spin–orbit coupling (SOC), and the Gaunt interaction, to calculate the electron affinities (EAs) of alkaline earth (AE) metal atoms (Ca, Sr, Ba, and Ra), which are notably small. The coupled-cluster singles and doubles with perturbative triples [CCSD(T)] method is insufficient to accurately calculate the EAs of AE metal atoms. Higher-order excitations proved crucial, with the coupled-cluster singles, doubles, and triples with perturbative quadruples [CCSDT(2)Q] method effectively capturing dynamic electron correlation effects. The contributions of SOC (ΔESOs) to the EAs calculated using the multireference configuration interaction method with the Davidson correction, including SOC, positively enhance the EAs; however, these contributions are overestimated. The Dirac–Hartree–Fock (DHF)-CCSD(T) method addresses this overestimation and provides reasonable values for ΔESO (ΔESO−D). Employing additional sets of diffuse and core–valence correlation basis sets is critical for accurately calculating the EAs of AE metal atoms. The contributions of the Gaunt interaction (ΔEGaunt) to the EAs of AE metal atoms are negligible. Notably, the CCSDT(2)Q with the complete basis set limit + ΔESO−D + ΔEGaunt produced EA values for Ca, Sr, and Ba that closely aligned with experimental data and achieved accuracy exceeding the chemical accuracy. Based on our findings, the accurately proposed EA for Ra is 9.88 kJ/mol.
Defining migrants
Authors: Lim Lisa 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In contemplating multilingualism and mobility in the 21st century, several dimensions warrant attention in the
emerging field of migration linguistics. First is the move beyond migration to thinking about mobilities, in particular, the new
mobilities paradigm in the social sciences which views human mobility as entailing a complex assemblage of movement, social
imaginaries, and experience. Second, a study of the different waves of migration in a particular society, as well as concomitant
and official language policies – using Singapore as a case in point – distinguishes the layers of, on the one hand, the older, and
thus established migrants, versus newer migrants, in particular, transient populations of foreign workers, and, crucially, the
differential statuses that these communities and their languages hold in society – including a potential invisibility of authentic
multilingualisms. Such an examination allows the development of a typology of migrants in a statal narrative. Where lines are
drawn is dependent on circumstance, with the periphery positioned differentially in times of celebration versus crisis, for
example, in risk communication in this pandemic era. This holds significant implications for access and appropriation, and
consequent (im)mobilities, and, in the bigger picture, for the crucial intersections – including how society is responding to the
role of indigenous languages for the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals. This is particularly timely for this International Decade
of Indigenous Languages (2022–2032), noted to not be addressing the interactions between language and migration, as well as the
challenge of migrant intergration, recognised as a central and important driver of sustainable development.
Detection and segmentation of wire rope surface deficiency based on YOLOv8 and U-Net
Authors: Zhenbin Wang , Meishuai Han , Xun Zhang , Haisheng Li , Yinghua Chen , Wenyu Miao , Xiyao Liu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The presence of surface defects in wire ropes (WR) may lead to potential safety hazards and performance degradation, necessitating timely detection and repair. Hence, this paper proposes a method for detecting surface defects in WR based on the deep learning models YOLOv8s and U-Net, aiming to identify surface defects in real-time and extract defect data, thereby enhancing the efficiency of surface defect detection. Firstly, the ECA attention mechanism is incorporated into the YOLOv8 algorithm to enhance detection performance, achieving real-time localization and identification of surface defects in WR. Secondly, in order to obtain detailed defect data, the U-Net semantic segmentation algorithm is employed for morphological segmentation of defects, thereby obtaining the contour features of surface defects. Finally, in conjunction with OpenCV technology, the segmentation results of the defects are quantified to extract data, obtaining parameters such as the area and perimeter of the surface defects in the WR. Experimental results demonstrate that the improved YOLOv8-ECA model exhibits good accuracy and robustness, with the model’s mAP@0.5 reaching 84.78%, an increase of 1.13% compared to the base model, an accuracy rate of 90.70%, and an FPS of 65. The U-Net model can efficiently perform segmentation processing on surface defects of WR, with an mIOU of 83.54% and an mPA of 90.78%. This method can rapidly, accurately, and specifically detect surface defects in WR, which is of significant importance in preventing industrial production safety accidents.
Design dependence of noise in Nb-based dc SQUIDs
Authors: Zakosarenko V , Schmelz M , Kunert J , Il’ichev E , Stolz R 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Noise in superconducting quantum interference devices (dc SQUIDs) with different design, based on Nb/AlOx/Nb technology, has been systematically measured at temperature T = 4.2 K. We demonstrate that for all our devices the power spectral density of the white noise (above a frequency of about 1 kHz) is determined by the shunt resistors, reaching about 5 times Planck’s constant. The low-frequency noise level was measured for washer- and multi-loop-type SQUIDs with systematically varied effective area, SQUID loop perimeter, and inductance. We show that at 1 Hz the noise spectral density is approximately 40 times higher than the white noise level and its scaling with washer width and effective area is negligible. These results are incompatible with several models of the flicker noise source. Possible origins of this noise are discussed.
The feed line resonator (FLR) method and it’s application to superconducting wideband filter design with extreme sharp skirt
Authors: Lu Xilong , Zhang Rui , Kong Qingyu , Zhou Shigang , Bai Xudong , Zhou Liguo , Wei Guangsong , Fang Xueyang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This paper proposes the novel concept and method of the feed line resonator (FLR). By introducing the external quality factor adjusting line, the feed lines can be transformed to resonators, and can be used not only for providing external coupling, as well as generate extra transmission poles in the passband. The conditions for generating transmission poles by using the FLR are systematically investigated. The key advancement of the FLR method is that extra transmission poles are introduced, without increase the number of conventional resonators, the filter bandwidth can be extended and the selectivity also improved. The triple-mode FLR was proposed which can realize six extra transmission poles in the pass band and n transmission zeros out-of-band. A five-section multi-mode resonator proposed for wideband filter. Single-, two-, three- and four-stage wideband superconducting filters were designed to demonstrate the FLR method. These filters exhibit extreme sharp skirts, the attenuation slop at lower and higher band can reach 273.9 dB GHz−1 and 523.7 dB GHz−1, respectively. The passband is from 2.26 GHz to 5.54 GHz with the fractional bandwidth of 95%. The measure results agree well with the simulated ones.
An analytical and machine learning model for SPD estimation and its prediction for lumen and chromaticity shift based LED lifetime performance analysis
Authors: Lokesh J , Padmasali AN , Mahesha MG , Kini S G 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The LED lifetime is commonly estimated by manufacturers using an exponential model to evaluate L70 criteria. However, it ignores colour characteristic variation and does not explain the root cause of LED failure. In this paper, a spectral power distribution (SPD) based approach is proposed to estimate lifetime performance of cool white LED considering both colour characteristics and lumen maintenance, as all the lighting performance parameters are extracted from SPD. The exponential model does provide the lifetime using only lumen data and does not explain the colour characteristics. As an alternate to the exponential model, a quadratic polynomial, and machine learning (ML) models with hours and temperature as input factors, is proposed to determine SPD for experimental conditions as well as to predict for other operating conditions. Further, the lifetime performance analysis is performed for reliability assessment conditions through both lumen and colorimetric performances. The outcomes of all the models are analysed and it is found that the results are comparable. As ML models are simpler than analytical models for more than two inputs, further it is used to predict SPD at different temperatures and the LED performance is validated. Further analysis shows that a decrease in blue light is the primary cause of the overall decrease in light output and decrease in yellow emission due to phosphor degradation is the reason for chromaticity shift.
Microscopic derivation of the octupole magic numbers from symmetry considerations
Authors: Martinou Andriana , Minkov Nikolay 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The valence shells of medium mass and heavy nuclei consist of the normal and the intruder parity orbitals; therefore the Shell Model SU(3) symmetry of Elliott cannot have a straightforward application on them. The proxy-SU(3) can be applied instead, since it uses a unitary transformation, meant to act on the intruder orbitals to alter their parity and transform them to their proxy orbitals. The inverse unitary operator transforms the proxy orbitals back to the intruder ones. The highest weight proxy-SU(3) irreducible representations (irreps) allows one to determine the corresponding number of occupied intruder orbitals. In this way we obtain the so-called ‘octupole magic numbers’ 32, 56, 90, 134 and 194 without any parameter. Moreover, the proxy (unitary) mapping and its inverse transformation make the proxy space eligible for the calculation of observables associated with octupole deformation and the relevant treatment of mixed parity states. The implemented study validates the proxy-SU(3) approach with respect to the octupole deformation and suggests its full applicability in the corresponding mass regions.
Intertwined quantum phase transitions in the zirconium and niobium isotopes
Authors: Gavrielov N 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Nuclei in the A ≈ 100 region exhibit intricate shape-evolution and configuration crossing signatures. Exploring both even–even and their adjacent odd-mass nuclei gives further insight on the emergence of deformation and shape-phase transitions. We employ the algebraic frameworks of the interacting boson model with configuration mixing and the new interacting boson-fermion model with configuration mixing in order to investigate the even–even zirconium with neutron number 52–70 (40Zr) and odd-mass niobium (41Nb) isotopes with 52–62. We compare between the evolution in energy levels, configuration and symmetry content of the wave functions, two neutron separation energies and E2 transition rates, alongside comparison with the experimental data. The comparisons between the two chains of isotopes denote the occurrence of two types of QPTs, a crossing of normal and intruder configurations (named Type II QPT), and a shape-evolution of the intruder configuration (named Type I QPT). The latter QPT begins from spherical shape to axially deformed rotor in the Zr isotopes and from weak to strong coupling scenario in the Nb isotopes. This occurrence, named intertwined quantum phase transitions (IQPTs), in the even–even Zr chain is thus demonstrated to persists when coupling a proton to the boson core for the odd-mass Nb chain, even as deformation increases.
Dynamic analysis of a skeet-inspired vehicle to achieve a spiral scanning detection motion
Authors: Yang Yongliang , Ding Zijing , Sun Guangrui 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A short cylindrical vehicle (the ratio of length to diameter is less than 2) equipped with an outer/inner detector is developed, which is inspired by the Tennis racket theorem and Olympic skeet shooting sports to achieve a regular scanning spiral on the ground. The sensitivity of the asymmetric mass distribution of the skeet-inspired vehicle (SIV) to the spatial position of the inertial principal axis is evaluated. Subsequently, a dynamics model with six degrees of freedom for the SIV at a large initial angle of attack (≈60–90°) is established. The numerical results of solving the dynamic differential equations indicate that the special initial conditions—namely, high initial flying velocity and rotational speed—are prerequisites for achieving the regular scanning spiral. Additionally, the analysis demonstrates that asymmetric mass distribution, rather than asymmetric aerodynamics, serves as the key factor in achieving the regular scanning spiral in the present skeet-inspired vehicle. Our new strategy, using the principal axes as the initial rotation axis, offers better scanning performance (such as a larger detection area, faster scan frequency, and more stable scanning motion) compared to the other platforms (e.g., rotating decelerators with wings or parachutes) that rely on asymmetrical aerodynamics. The analyses can provide guidance for the structural design of various types of spiral scanning vehicles.
Optical properties and antimicrobial of ionic chitosan-MgO-SiO2@ aminolsilane nanocomposites
Authors: Abouelnaga Amel Mohamed , Abou Hammad Ali B 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This investigation involved synthesizing a nanocomposite heterostructure, Chitosan-MgO-SiO2@aminosilane, using the physical blending of chitosan-MgO-silica with aminosilane using the sol–gel technique. The prepared nanocomposites were characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning/Transmission Electron Microscope (SEM-EDX/TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and optical analysis to investigate the microstructural and spectroscopic properties. XRD results confirmed the formation of orthorhombic Mg2SiO4 within the fabricated system. FTIR analysis verified interactions among chitosan, MgO-silica, and aminosilane, leading to the development of diverse functional groups, including M-O bonds, silanol-hydroxyl ions, and heteropolymeric-O-M within the chitosan-MgO-SiO2@aminosilane nanocomposite. Optical studies demonstrated that aminosilane-incorporated samples have two distinct absorption bands around 215 nm and 419 nm, corresponding to the electronic transitions π–π* (k-band) and n–π* (R-band), respectively. The absorption band at 400 nm is ascribed to localized surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The incorporation of aminosilane resulted in a decrease in the direct transition energy gap from 2.677 to 2.399 eV. The nanocomposites displayed significant antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microorganisms such as Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and pathogenic fungi Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. The positive antimicrobial response of the fabricated nanocomposites candidates them for various applications, including wound dressings and food packaging.
Impact of dephasing probes on incommensurate lattices
Authors: Ghosh Bishal , Mohanta Sandipan , Kulkarni Manas , Kumar Agarwalla Bijay 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We investigate open quantum dynamics for a one-dimensional incommensurate Aubry–André–Harper lattice chain, a part of which is initially filled with electrons and is further connected to dephasing probes at the filled lattice sites. This setup is akin to a step-initial configuration where the non-zero part of the step is subjected to dephasing. We investigate the quantum dynamics of local electron density, the scaling of the density front as a function of time both inside and outside of the initial step, and the growth of the total number of electrons outside the step. We analyze these quantities in all three regimes, namely, the de-localized, critical, and localized phases of the underlying lattice. Outside the initial step, we observe that the density front spreads according to the underlying nature of single-particle states of the lattice, for both the de-localized and critical phases. For the localized phase, the spread of the density front hints at a logarithmic behavior in time that has no parallel in the isolated case (i.e. in the absence of probes). Inside the initial step, due to the presence of the probes, the density front spreads in a diffusive manner for all the phases. This combination of rich and different dynamical behavior, outside and inside the initial step, results in the emergence of mixed dynamical phases. While the total occupation of electrons remains conserved, the value outside or inside the initial step turns out to have a rich dynamical behavior. Our work is widely adaptable and has interesting consequences when disordered/quasi-disordered systems are subjected to a thermodynamically large number of probes.
The effect of lug parameters on titanium alloy lug’s detail fatigue rating
Authors: Li Chongyuan , Yao Weixing 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This article introduces a method to determine the Detail Fatigue Rating (DFR) of lugs through constant amplitude fatigue testing. Fatigue tests of titanium alloy lugs were designed, and the DFR of lugs was calculated based on the test results. A comparative analysis was conducted from two aspects: the relative width (d/b) and the loading direction (θ) of straight lugs, and the effect of lug parameters on the DFR was discussed. The results indicate that the DFR of lugs is positively correlated with the relative width (d/b) and negatively correlated with the loading direction (θ).
Study on damage response characteristics of steel plate-aramid composite structure under a combination of shock wave and fragment
Authors: Wang Zhenyu , Zhou Yunbo , Zhang Ming 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
To look into the damage response of steel plate/aramid composite structure under the combined action of shock wave and debris, the finite element models of TNT, debris, and target plate are established. LS-DYNA is used to analyze the structural response process of the composite structure under the synergism of blast wave and debris. The reliability of the numerical model is verified by comparing the trial results with the analytic results. The structural response of the single and combined loading of blast wave and debris is analyzed, and the influence of the arrangement order and thickness ratio of the target plates on the protective effectiveness is further analyzed. The results indicate that the combined action of blast wave and debris causes greater damage than the single action of blast wave and debris. When the total thickness of the plate remains unchanged, as the thickness of the panel decreases, the mass loss of the plate decreases, the peak displacement of the back plate decreases, and the protective ability of the plate is enhanced. In addition, the protective ability of the Steel-Aramid-Steel plate structure is greater than that of the Steel-Steel-Aramid plate structure.
Molecular dynamics simulation of CoCrFeMnNi with twin boundaries under high-speed impact
Authors: Yao Xiangtian , Li Haitao 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Based on the hybrid modeling framework of atomic scale and continuum, molecular dynamics (MD) was the method to study the shock wave, elastic-plastic dual-wave, and microstructure of CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloy (HEA) with twin boundary under high-speed impact. The interaction between dislocation and twin interfaces is significant to the plastic deformation of HEA, but research on them as initial defects is still limited. Therefore, this article simulates and analyzes the impact velocity and twin spacing and proves that HEA with twin boundaries can synergistically improve strength and flexibility by comparing the wave simulation process and variation of spalling strength between HEA with TB and crystal Ni. The simulation results show that TB affects the propagation of shock waves in HEA and provides deformation sites for the generation of dislocations. Unlike single-crystal HEA, there is a smoother impact response process, and the maximum tensile stress during the fracture stage can reach 41 GPa, which is about 34.12% higher than that of single-crystal HEA. The research results may contribute to a better understanding of HEA with TB and help apply complex load scenarios such as explosive loads.