bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histochemical and Morphometric Studies of Peripheral Muscle in Bovine Progressive Degenerative Myeloencephalopathy of Brown Swiss Cattle
Authors: Oyster R. , Leipold H. W. , Troyer D. , Cash W. , Johnson D. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryHistochemical and morphometric analysis of selected skeletal muscles was performed on 14 pure bred, Brown Swiss cattle. Nine cattle were clinically affected with bovine progressive degenerative myeloencephalopathy (BPDME) while five served as controls. Statistically significant trend differences were not observed for the parameters of mean cross sectional area, and mean fiber type percentages for types, I, IIA, and IIB fibers between affected and control test groups. In general, patterns of hypertrophy or atrophy, fiber type grouping, fiber type predominance, or fiber cross sectional profile alteration were not observed in the muscles examined from affected cattle. The findings suggest that BPDME, or weaver syndrome, ist not a muscular dystrophy and that muscle pathology is not a primary part of the syndrome nor would muscle pathology be expected to contribute significantly to the clinical signs of the disease.
Untersuchungen zur Häufigkeit von Neoplasien bei sezierten Hunden in Berlin (West)
Authors: Walter J.H. , Schwegler K. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryOccurrence of neoplasms in dogs in Berlin (West) — a post mortem surveyA retrospective study of relative frequencies and relative risks of cancer of 7,169 dogs which were necropsied between 1981 and 1990 at the Institute of Veterinary Pathology of the FU Berlin was performed. In the sample cancer as cause of death accounted for 24.08% of all necropsied dogs. The mean age of dogs with cancer was 10.2 years while dogs without cancer died at a mean age of 5.3 years. Relative risks of cancer were 1.16 for females and 0.86 for males. Cancer was found in 41.9% of all necropsied boxers, which showed the highest relative risk (1.81) of all breeds. Lymphatic and hematopoetic organs and mammary glands were the most frequent site for tumors. Altogether it could be shown that the most frequent tumors were of epithelial origin (43.91%).ZusammenfassungRetrospektiv wurden Prävalenzen und relative Risiken für Neoplasien von 7169 am Institut für Veterinär‐Pathologie der FU Berlin in den Jahren 1981–1990 sezierten Hunden untersucht. Bei 24,08% aller sezierten Hunde waren Geschwülste die Todesursache. Das durchschnittliche Alter von Hunden mit Geschwülsten lag mit 10,2 Jahren deutlich über dem von Hunden ohne Neoplasien mit 5,3 Jahren. Das relative Risiko eine Geschwulst zu entwickeln liegt für weibliche Tiere mit 1,16 höher als das für Rüden mit 0,86. 41,9% aller sezierten Boxer zeigten Geschwulstwachstum und hatten mit 1,81 das höchste relative Risiko für Neoplasien. Neben Organen des lymphatischen und hämatopoetischen Systems war die Mamma das am häufigsten betroffene Organ. Insgesamt waren mit 43,91% epitheliale Geschwülste am häufigsten zu beobachten.
Preliminary Experience with the Diagnostic Value of the Canine Corticosteroid‐Induced Alkaline Phosphatase Isoenzyme in Hypercorticism and Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Jensen A.L. , Poulsen J.S.D. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe present study communicates the interim experience with the diagnostic value of the canine corticosteroid‐induced alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme (CIAP), qualitatively assessed by agarosegel electrophoresis, for the diagnosis of Hypercorticism (prolonged exposure to increased concentrations of exogenous or endogenous corticosteroids) and Diabetes mellitus. A total of 106 canine serum samples with a total alkaline phosphatase activity greater than 2.90 μkat/l were included. CIAP was identified in 28 out of 29 cases of Hypercorticism, in 7 out of 9 cases of Diabetes mellitus, and in 33 out of 68 cases of various other diseases. Sensitivity and specificity with respect to Hypercorticism were 0.97 and 0.48, respectively, while for Diabetes mellitus sensitivity and specificity were 0.78 and 0.37. From this, the positive and the negative predictive values were calculated using standard formulas. The main conclusion may be summarized as follows: In the dog, only the negative finding of CIAP seems to be of diagnostic value in ruling out Hypercorticism as a cause for an increased total alkaline phosphatase activity.
The Effect of Regional Nerve Blocks on the Lameness Caused by Collagenase Induced Tendonitis in the Midmetacarpal Region of the Horse: A Study Using Gait Analysis, and Ultrasonography to Determine Tendon Healing
Authors: Keg P.R. , van den Belt A.J.M. , Merkens H.W. , Barneveld A. , Dik K.J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe influence of regional nerve blocks on lameness resulting from tendon injury was studied in six horses. Tendonitis was induced in the midmetacarpal region of the Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon (SDF), Deep Digital Flexor Tendon (DDF) and the Suspensory Ligament (SL) through collagenase injections. The results were evaluated through sequential clinical examinations, ultrasonographic imaging and kinetic gait analysis (force plate) during a period of 144 days post injury and subsequently compared with gross and microscopic findings. The lameness corresponding to the SDF and DDF tendon lesions was completely abolished by a high palmar nerve block. The SL desmitis was partly abolished by high palmar nerve block and completely blocked with an additional ulnar nerve block. The ultrasonic evaluations showed the lesions, expanding until approximately 30 days post injection (p.i.) and subsequently decreasing. The texture of the lesion also improved markedly after 30 days p.i.The post‐mortem macro‐ and microscopic evaluation revealed still considerable abnormalities at 145 days p.i. At that time the tendon lesions were no longer detectable ultrasonographically.
Testicular Ultrastructure of Zebu Bulls in Costa Rica
Authors: Müller E. , Rodriguez‐Martinez H. , Braden S. , Edqvist L.‐E. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe testicular ultrastructure of sexually mature Zebu (Bos indicus) bulls from Costa Rica was studied in relation to their classification based on andrological examinations undertaken in the field. Based on the testicular consistency at palpation, each bull was assigned to one of three groups, ranging from normal (Group A) to markedly reduced testicular consistency (Group C). The ultrastructure of the clinically normal testicle (Group A) in the Zebu bull resembled that of Bos taurus. In testicles with a slight to moderate reduction of testicular consistency (Group B) degenerated primary spermatocytes and spermatids were common at all stages of the seminiferous cycle. Abnormalities in the condensation of the chromatin, acrosomal defects, and the presence of degenerated cells and cellular debris were the most common of disturbances found. In testicles from bulls with a marked reduction of testicular consistency (Group C) the seminiferous epithelium of most tubules showed degenerative changes, thereby making it impossible to classify the stage of the cycle. The changes were mainly restricted to spermatocytes and spermatids, whose relative numbers were reduced. The number of cells undergoing meiotic divisions was also greatly reduced. Changes in the spermatids were also found including the appearance of severe acrosomal defects, such as acrosomal pouches, the failure of nuclear elongation and clear defects in chromatin condensation. The present ultrastructural findings in Bos indicus do not differ from the picture of normal testicular structure and of testicular degeneration usually found in Bos taurus bulls.
Obstructive Hydrocephalus Produced by Parasitic Granulomas in a Dog
Authors: Pumarola M. , Niel Marijke H.F. van 
Published: May 2010

SummaryWe present a case of a young dog exhibiting internal hydrocephalus, associated with parasitic granulomas within the ventricular system, inflammatory changes in the periventricular brain tissue and stenosis of the mesencephalic aqueduct. Reference is made to possible causes of these lesions in animals and man.
Electrocardiographic Findings in Calves with Experimentally Induced Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
Authors: Rakhorst G. , Huisman G. H. , Voorhout G. 
Published: May 2010

SummarySurface electrocardiograms (ECG) from 20 clinically healthy calves and 3 calves with experimentally induced right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) were studied to assess the influence of RVH on the configuration of the bovine ECG. In the calves with RVH decreased cardiac axes and increased voltages of QRS complexes in leads I and aVL (extremity leads) and in bv1 and bv5 (precordial leads) were found. Using generally accepted human electrocardiographc theories, these findings could be explained from geometrical differences between the hearts of normal calves and the hearts of calves with RVH.
Farrowing Disorders in the Sow: A Field Study
Authors: Madec F. , Leon E. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA prospective study was carried out in three intensive farms. 150 sows were individually followed from 20 days prior to farrowing to 5 days after farrowing. During the five post farrowing days, the prevalences of fever (rectal temperature ≥ 39.8 °C), anorexia, vulval discharges and mammary gland disorders were 15.3%, 20%, 64.5% and 3.3% respectively. Parturition duration (piglet delivery) was 197 minutes on average. Farrowing lasted over 300 minutes for 10% of the sows. The 5 parameters were combined to build a score on farrowing disorders. The sows getting the highest rate of disorders tended to show specific physical features prior to farrowing. The oldest sows, the heaviest, those showing urinary infections or locomotor disorders were more predisposed to problems. Moreover affected sows gave birth to larger litters for a given parity.
Opioid Inhibitory Control of the Ruminant Stomach Motility: Functional Importance of the Hypothalamus
Authors: Kania B. F. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIn conscious sheep, Leu‐enkephalin (10 and 20 μg·kg−1) administered into the third cerebral ventricle caused a psychosedative action and a significant inhibition of the frequency of rumen contractions. The amplitude of the first rumen contractions, following immediately after the end of the Leu‐enkephalin's infusion (at a dose of 20 μg) and the average amplitude of primary rumen contractions were also significantly inhibited.The hypothalamic isolation prevented both the inhibitory effect of Leu‐enkephalin on the rumen motility and the drug induced psychosedative action. In contrast, Leu‐enkephalin (20 μg·kg−1), significantly enhanced phasic contractions of the rumen after hypothalamic isolation. However the hypothalamic isolation did not prevent Leu‐enkephalin induced inhibition of the mean amplitude of rumen contractions, but this inhibition was not significant (NS). The character of the histopathological changes induced by the isolation of the hypothalamus showed descending degenerative changes of the neuronal pathways connecting the hypothalamus to the pons and lower to the medulla. These results do suggest that the isolation of the hypothalamus causes the degeneration of the descending inhibitory opioid pathways connecting the hypothalamus to the gastric centers of the medulla and point act out the functional importance of descending tonic opioid inhibitory control of ruminant forestomach motility.
Ectopic Mammary Tissue in the Vulva of Goats
Authors: Gameel A. A. , Ramadan R. O. , Dafalla E. A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryEctopic mammary tissue was described in ten goats belonging to the Nubian and Syrian breeds. This consisted of multiple cavitations containing white milky fluid, which greatly resembled milk in colour, odour and composition. Histologically, the tissue was composed of alveoli lined by cuboidal epithelium and contained pinkish staining secretion. Surgical removal of the tissue was achieved without complications.
Immunocytochemical Identification of a Bovine Peritoneal Mesothelioma
Authors: Pizarro M. , Brandau C. , Sanchez M. A. , Flores J. M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryPeritoneal mesotheliomas are uncommon among cows although there has been an increase in the frequency of diagnosis of this neoplasia in the past few years.The case of a 2 year old cow is described. On post‐mortem examination, several nodules of variable size were found in the peritoneal cavity. These nodules fused together, but they did not go deep into the organs. Histologically, such nodules were formed by a population of fusiform cells of malignant morphological character and sarcomatous appearance. Immunocytochemical study, using P.A.P. techniques, showed a highly positive reaction towards vimentin and a negative reaction towards wide‐spectrum cytokeratins, hence suggesting a mesenchymal origin of the neoplasia.According to the histopathological study, a multifocal peritoneal mesothelioma of sarcomatous appearance was identified.
Demonstration of Immunoglobulins and Complement in Canine and Feline Autoimmune and Non‐Autoimmune Skin Diseases with the Direct Immunofluorescence and Indirect Immunoperoxidase Method
Authors: Zipfel W. , Hewicker‐Trautwein M. , Trautwein G. 
Published: May 2010

SummarySkin sections from 71 dogs and 10 cats with bullous autoimmune skin diseases and various non‐autoimmune dermatopathies were studied for the presence of immunoglobulins (canine IgG, IgM, IgA; feline IgG) and complement (canine C3) using the direct immunofluorescence method (DIF) and the indirect immunoperoxidase method (IIP). In cases of autoimmune skin diseases (9 dogs, 3 cats) both methods were of comparable sensitivity for the detection of epidermal deposits. In canine cases with non‐autoimmune dermatopathies, epidermal immunoreactivity was found in 16.1 % of cases with the DIF method, and in 29.0 % of cases with the IIP method. With both methods, epidermal deposits were most frequently seen in skin sections of dogs with bacterial diseases. Furthermore, positive reactions were found in canine cases with hypersensitivity disorders, endocrine dermatosis, dermatomycosis, parasitic disease, cutaneous Leishmaniasis and in cases with non‐specific dermatopathies of uncertain aetiology. In the majority of canine cases intercellular deposits of IgG were found. Immunohistological results should always be interpreted in conjunction with clinical and histomorphological findings in order to establish a diagnosis of autoimmune skin disease and to prevent misdiagnoses.
Studies on Abnormal Moulting in the Farm‐Raised Blue Fox (Alopex lagopus)
Authors: Rasmussen P.V. , Damgaard B.M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIn a farm‐raised, adult female blue fox (Alopex lagopus) it was observed that apparently the winter coat was shed abnormally. Furthermore, the individual was never recorded as being on heat. Comparative histological and clinical‐chemical examinations showed that the winter coat cycle was postponed approximately 6 months, and that the hair growth therefore took place in the spring. At first a kind of biological summer coat was produced, and then a biological mature winter coat. This was compared with and partly documented by changes in plasma estradiol and cortisol profiles. It could be concluded that the hair growth cycle and the plasma estradiol profile showed an abnormal seasonal variation in the abnormal fox. The two variables seemed, however, to be correlated as in a normal animal.
Untersuchungen an Kühen über den Einfluß der Energieaufnahme auf den Pansenstoffwechsel mittels der Allantoinausscheidung in der Milch*
Authors: Rosskopf Regina , Giesecke D. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryInvestigations in cows on the influence of energy intake on rumen metabolism by means of allantoin excretion in the milkWith two groups of dairy cows (A: 12 German Black and White‐ and 6 German Simmental Cows; B: 16 German Black and White‐ and 11 German Simmental Cows) allantoin concentrations of blood plasma (A) and milk (A and B) were analysed by HPLC. There exists a close correlation (r = 0.758) between allantoin concentration in blood plasma (370.6 ± 79.1 μmol/l) and milk (474.1 ± 78.9μmol/l). The relation between milk yield and allantoin excretion with milk seems to be non‐linear (r = 0.936). On the other hand there is a close correlation between energy intake with feed and allantoin excretion via milk (r = 0.885).In a further experiment the allantoin concentrations in blood plasma of 5 Angler steers were monitored for 24 h every second hour with feeding twice daily. There were remarkable fluctuations in the allantoin concentration from nearly 156 to 129 μmol/l. After that the rumen of the steers was emptied, while plasma concentrations were still monitored the same way as before. Concentrations of allantoin declined for about 55% to 65 μmol/l.ZusammenfassungAn zwei Gruppen von Milchkühen (A: 12 DSB‐ und 6 DFV‐Kühe; B: 16 DSB‐ und 11 DFV‐Kühe) wurden die Allantoinkonzentrationen in Blutplasma (A) und Milch (A und B) mittels HPLC‐Analysen untersucht. Zwischen den Allantoinkonzentrationen im Blutplasma (370,6 ± 79,1 μmol/l) und in der Milch (474,1 ± 78,9 μmol/l) besteht eine enge Korrelation (r = 0,758). Der Zusammenhang zwischen Milchleistung und Allantoinausscheidung über die Milch erscheint als nicht‐lineare Beziehung (r = 0,936). Die Energieaufnahme über das Futter und die Allantoinausscheidung über die Milch sind eng korreliert (r = 0,885).In einem weiteren Versuch wurden bei 5 Angler‐Ochsen die Allantoinkonzentrationen im Blutplasma bei zweimaliger Fütterung pro Tag im 2stündigem Rhythmus über 24 Stunden aufgezeichnet. Dabei traten nennenswerte Schwankungen von erwa 156 bis 129 μmol/l auf. Anschließend wurde der Panseninhalt entfernt und die Allantoinkonzentration weiter verfolgt. Das Konzentrationsniveau sank um etwa 55 % auf etwa 65 μmol/l ab.
Effects of Adrenaline, Dopamine, Serotonin, and Different Cholinergic Agents on Smooth Muscle Preparations from the Ansa Proximalis Coli in Cattle: Studiesin vitro*
Authors: Steiner A. , Denac M. , Ballinari U. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe effects of adrenaline, dopamine, serotonin, and different cholinergic agents on isolated muscle strips from the ansa proximalis coli in cattle were studied. Adrenaline (5 · 10−5mol/l) evoked a relaxing effect (p < 0.05) on longitudinal and circular muscle strips, mediated via beta‐ and alpha1‐receptors respectively. High concentration of dopamine (5 · 10−4mol/l) caused a non‐significant inhibitory effect on longitudinal smooth muscles, which was probably mediated by beta‐ and not by dopamine‐receptors. Serotonin (5 · 10−5mol/l) and cisapride (75 · 10−6mol/l) had no effect. Carbachol (2 or 10 · 10−6mol/l) and bethanechol (5 or 10 · 10−5mol/l) caused a dose‐dependent (p < 0.05) contraction of both smooth muscle types. This excitatory effect was inhibited (p < 0.05) by metoclopramide (1 · 10−4mol/l), as well as the muscarinic agents RS‐86 (5 · 10−5mol/l) and CGP‐37,218 (37.5 or 75 · 10−6mol/l).
Hepatic Encephalopathy Associated with Acquired Portosystemic Shunts in a Dog
Authors: Shimada A. , Kuwamura M. , Awakura T. , Umemura T. , Enomoto H. , Yamane Y. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryAn 8‐month‐old dog with a history of gastrointestinal disturbances and neurological signs was presented with hyperammonemia. Necropsy revealed ascites, portosystemic collaterals, and an irregularly surfaced small liver. Histologically, there were diffuse neuronal necrosis and focal spongiform changes in the brain, and marked fibrosis in the liver. Hepatic encephalopathy was diagnosed.
Effect of Endothelin 1 on Plasma Glucose and Lipid Levels in Pygmy Goats
Authors: Rossi R. , Scharrer E. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe effect of endothelin 1, a recently discovered vasoconstrictor hormone, on levels of plasma glucose and lipids was investigated in pygmy goats. Endothelin 1 was injected intraperitoneally (1.72 μg/kg BW) and blood samples were taken by puncturing the jugular vein immediately before and 60, 150 and 240 min post injection. Endothelin 1 in comparison to vehicle significantly increased plasma glucose and FFA levels, whereas plasma triglycerides were significantly reduced. Thus, beside its vasoconstrictive action, endothelin 1 also has metabolic effects. Whether these effects are directly caused by endothelin 1 or whether they are due to a release of a metbolic hormone, e.g. epinephrine, remains to be investigated.
Renal Lesions in Norwegian Slaughter Pigs. Macroscopic and Light Microscopic Studies
Authors: Jansen J. H. , Nordstoga K. 
Published: May 2010

SummarySix hundred and sixty‐eight consecutive carcasses of slaughtered swine were examined for renal lesions at meat inspection. The macroscopic lesions were divided into 7 categories: D1 = depressions of the external surface and partial persistence of fetal lobation; D2 = focal leukolymphocytic nephritis (acute focal tubulo‐interstitial nephritis); D3 = cysts; D4 = interstitial fibrosis; D5 = infarct‐like lesions; D6 = fatty degeneration, and D7 = hydronephrosis. 396 (59.3 %) of the examined carcasses were diagnosed as having one or more of these renal lesions. Two hundred and seventy‐two (40.7%) of the carcasses were macroscopically judged as having normal kidneys. A selected material of 250 kidneys representative for each group of lesions based on macroscopic examination and 50 normal kidneys were prepared for histological examination. In the group of kidneys with the macroscopic diagnosis interstitial fibrosis (D4), an accompanying histological finding was proliferative glomerular changes with fatty degeneration of the proximal tubules. Cortical infarct‐like lesions (D5) were observed in the absence of thrombo‐embolic disease and were considered to have developed in association with local arterial alterations similar to polyarteritis nodosa.
Influence of Medicinal Herbs on Phagocytosis by Bovine Neutrophils
Authors: Hu Songhua , Cai Weiming , Ye Junan , Qian Zhijian , Sun Zhiming 
Published: May 2010

SummaryTwenty‐six herbal preparations made from 24 medicinal herbs, categorized as antipyretics in Chinese materia medica, were testedin vitroto determine their effects upon phagocytosis of32P‐labelledStaphylococcus aureusby neutrophils isolated from bovine blood and milk. The percentage of phagocytosis was determined after incubating (1 hour at 37 °C) 1.25 times 107neutrophils, 1 times 10832P‐labelledS. aureusand 10% skimmed milk with herbal solutions. Concentrations of herbal preparations tested were 100%, 10% and 1% (v/v). When compared with PBSS (0.01 M phosphate buffered saline solution) controls, most of the herbs at high concentrations inhibited phagocytosis while at lower concentrations phagocytosis was increased. All 26 herbal preparations significantly increased blood neutrophil activity at their proper concentrations. The most active herbs in promoting blood neutrophil phagocytosis were observed forHerba verbenae, Flos chrysanthemi, Flos lonicerae, Radix sophorae flavescentis, Herba houttuyniae, Radix isatidis, Herba patriniae, Berberini sulfatisat the lowest concentration and forFolium hibisciat the high concentration with the increased percentage of more than 40.0% in comparison with PBSS control. Of the 19 herbal preparations tested with milk neutrophils, 18 herbs greatly increased phagocytosis at suitable concentrations. The most active preparations in stimulating milk neutrophil functions includedFolium hibisci, Flos chrysanthemi, Radix bupleuri, Radix stellariae, Herba houttuyniae, Herba senecionis scandentis, Caulis loniceraeandFlos loniceraewhich increased phagocytosis by over 35.0%.