bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A double‐blinded randomised controlled study of fluid restriction versus liberal fluid during induction of labour: A pilot study
Authors: Lowen Darren J. , Meikhail Marina , Jovic Ekaterina , Sheridan Nicole , Tacey Mark , Bisits Andrew , Hodgson Russell 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundExcess intravenous fluid for women requiring an induction of labour may adversely affect the duration of labour and maternal/neonatal outcomes.AimsThis study aimed to determine the difference in duration of labour and outcomes with a low background infusion rate, compared to liberal background intravenous fluid management.Materials and MethodsA double blind randomised controlled pilot study was performed on 200 women who underwent induction of labour at a single institution. Women were randomised to an intravenous rate of 40 mL/h versus 250 mL/h of Hartmann's solution. Fluid boluses were strictly controlled to limit bias. This trial was registered with the Australian clinical trial registry: ACTRN12621001298808.ResultsAnalysis of the total amount of fluid received showed good separation with Group 1 (40 mL/h) receiving 1,736 mL less than Group 2 (250 mL/h), median (interquartile range) 841 mL (458, 1691) versus 2,577 mL (1620, 4326) (P < 0.001). Median duration of labour was shorter in Group 1 by 24 min (P = ns). Subset analysis of nulliparous women showed that duration of labour was shorter in Group 1 by 83.5 min (P = ns).ConclusionAs this was a pilot study, a significant difference in duration of labour or secondary outcomes was not seen. Given the increasing numbers of nulliparous women having an induction of labour, potential for adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes and the associated higher rate of operative birth, this study guides power calculations and supports proof of concept for future research into optimum fluid management during induction of labour for these women.
Testing multiple dispersion effects from unreplicated order‐of‐addition experiments
Authors: Tsai Shin‐Fu , He Shan‐Syue 
Published: May 2024

SummaryOptimal addition orders of several components can be determined systematically to address order‐of‐addition problems when active location and dispersion effects are both taken into account. Based on the concept of fiducial generalised pivotal quantities, a new testing procedure is proposed in this paper to identify active dispersion effects from unreplicated order‐of‐addition experiments. Because the proposed method is free of all nuisance parameters indexed by the requirement set, it is capable of testing multiple dispersion effects. Simulation results show that the proposed method can maintain the empirical sizes close to the nominal level. A paint viscosity study is used to show that the proposed method can be practical. In addition, testable requirement sets are characterised when an order‐of‐addition orthogonal array is used to design an experiment.
Birth “outside of guidance”—An exploration of a Birth Choices Clinic in the United Kingdom
Authors: McAllister Sophie , Litchfield Claire 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundDecision‐making around birthplace is complex and multifactorial. The role of clinicians is to provide unbiased, evidence‐based information to support women and birthing people to make decisions based on what matters to them. Some decisions may fall outside of clinical guidance and recommendations. Birth Choices Clinics can provide an opportunity for extended discussion and personalized birthplace planning.This study aimed to explore the rationale behind choosing birthplace “outside of guidance” and examine the outcomes for women who attended a Birth Choices Clinic.MethodsThe study was descriptive using data extracted from clinical documentation and consultation. The data included demographic information, maternal characteristics, reason for choosing a midwifery‐led birth setting, birthplace preference, and outcome.ResultsEighty‐two women used the Birth Choices Clinic between April 2022 and February 2023 in one large maternity unit in the UK. Reasons for choosing birth in a midwifery‐led setting included having access to a birthing pool, to reduce the chance of obstetric interventions and pragmatic reasons. Sixty‐five percent of women experienced a spontaneous vaginal birth, 10% experienced an assisted vaginal birth, and 23% experienced a cesarean birth. Of the 33 women who ultimately commenced labor care in a midwifery‐led setting, 76% (n = 25/33) birthed in this setting without complications. Transfer rates in labor were similar to those in a “low‐risk” pregnant population.DiscussionBirth choice clinics may facilitate an understanding of material risk and support individualizing birth planning. There is evidence that women changed their planned birthplace, possibly in recognition of a move along the risk spectrum.
Shared social identity and social norms shape risk‐taking at mass gatherings
Authors: Alhajri Waleed , Moore Adam , Templeton Anne 
Published: May 2024

AbstractShared social identity and social norms are often un(der)recognized within mass gatherings health literature, yet they can increase infectious disease transmission by motivating people to engage in risk‐taking behaviours. Across three experiments (Ntotal = 1551), we investigated how shared social identities, perceived norms of resource‐sharing, and perceived riskiness of sharing interact to shape decisions that can lead to disease transmission. In Experiment 1 (N = 528), we examined how shared social identity and perceived descriptive norms affect the likelihood of crowd members sharing resources that may contribute to disease spread. We then replicated this in Experiment 2 (N = 511) using perceived injunctive norms. In Experiment 3 (N = 512), we explored how high shared social identity, perceived norms, and perceived health risks of resource‐sharing impact the likelihood of sharing that may, in turn, increase infectious disease transmission at mass gatherings. We found that high shared social identity interacts with perceived descriptive and injunctive norms, and low health risk perceptions, to increase the likelihood of accepting resources and giving resources at mass gatherings. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers to build effective strategies to mitigate infectious disease transmission at mass gatherings.
Watching for a snake in the grass: Objectification increases conspiracy beliefs
Authors: Poon Kai‐Tak , Chan Rheal S. W. , Lai Hill‐Son , Jiang Yufei , Teng Fei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectification, being treated as a tool to achieve someone's instrumental goals, is a common phenomenon. A workplace supervisor may view employees solely in terms of their output; likewise, friends may be seen only for their potential for personal and social advancement. We conducted five studies (N = 1209) to test whether objectification increases conspiracy beliefs through thwarted trust and whether postobjectification increases in conspiracy beliefs carry behavioural implications. While conspiracy beliefs may have evolved as a strategy for survival, they may be considered maladaptive in the modern world. Therefore, understanding the antecedents, underlying mechanisms, and implications of conspiracy beliefs is essential. We measured (Study 1) and manipulated objectification (Studies 2–5), consistently finding that objectification decreased trust, thereby increasing conspiracy beliefs (Studies 1–5). This effect remained after considering negative emotions (Study 2). Increased conspiracy beliefs following objectification positively predicted unethical tendencies, and the effect of objectification on unethical tendencies was serially mediated by trust and conspiracy beliefs (Study 4). Restoring objectified people's trust weakened their conspiracy beliefs and unethical tendencies (Study 5). We discussed the implications of our findings, proposing directions for researchers, practitioners, managers, and policymakers for theoretical advancement, healthier coping, and promotion of well‐being.
British Association of Urological Surgeons Consensus statements on the management of ketamine uropathy
Authors: Belal Mohammed , Downey Alison , Doherty Ruth , Ali Ased , Hashim Hashim , Kozan Andy , Kujawa Magda , Pakzad Mahreen , Rashid Tina , Osman Nadir , Sahai Arun , Biers Suzanne ,   the BAUS Section of Female, Neurological and Urodynamic Urology
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesTo provide guidance in the form of consensus statement in the management of ketamine uropathy.MethodsA literature review of ketamine uropathy was performed. The consensus method was of a modified nominal group technique and has been use in the previous British Association of Urological Surgeons (BAUS) consensus documents and was led by the Female, Neurological and Urodynamic Urology Section of the BAUS.ResultsA number of consensus statements detailing the assessment and management of urological complications relate to the recreational use of ketamine (ketamine uropathy) in both elective and emergency urology settings.ConclusionComprehensive management pathway for ketamine‐related urinary tract dysfunction and uropathy has been detailed.
The mitochondrial calcium uniporter inhibitor Ru265 increases neuronal excitability and reduces neurotransmission via off‐target effects
Authors: Xu Peng , Swain Sarpras , Novorolsky Robyn J. , Garcia Esperanza , Huang Zhouyang , Snutch Terrance P. , Wilson Justin J. , Robertson George S. , Renden Robert B. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and PurposeExcitotoxicity due to mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+) overloading can trigger neuronal cell death in a variety of pathologies. Inhibiting the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) has been proposed as a therapeutic avenue to prevent calcium overloading. Ru265 (ClRu(NH3)4(μ‐N)Ru(NH3)4Cl]Cl3) is a cell‐permeable inhibitor of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) with nanomolar affinity. Ru265 reduces sensorimotor deficits and neuronal death in models of ischemic stroke. However, the therapeutic use of Ru265 is limited by the induction of seizure‐like behaviours.Experimental ApproachWe examined the effect of Ru265 on synaptic and neuronal function in acute brain slices and hippocampal neuron cultures derived from mice, in control and where MCU expression was genetically abrogated.Key ResultsRu265 decreased evoked responses from calyx terminals and induced spontaneous action potential firing of both the terminal and postsynaptic principal cell. Recordings of presynaptic Ca2+ currents suggested that Ru265 blocks the P/Q type channel, confirmed by the inhibition of currents in cells exogenously expressing the P/Q type channel. Measurements of presynaptic K+ currents further revealed that Ru265 blocked a KCNQ current, leading to increased membrane excitability, underlying spontaneous spiking. Ca2+ imaging of hippocampal neurons showed that Ru265 increased synchronized, high‐amplitude events, recapitulating seizure‐like activity seen in vivo. Importantly, MCU ablation did not suppress Ru265‐induced increases in neuronal activity and seizures.Conclusions and ImplicationsOur findings provide a mechanistic explanation for the pro‐convulsant effects of Ru265 and suggest counter screening assays based on the measurement of P/Q and KCNQ channel currents to identify safe MCU inhibitors.
How do childhood and children's rights mean what they mean? Innovating the debate around the social semantics of childhood and children's rights through an interdisciplinary approach
Authors: Farini Federico , Scollan Angela 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article discusses children's rights as social semantics, approaching them as a form of self‐description of a paradoxical relationship that has emerged from the late twentieth century within several social systems, a relationship between generational order and children's position as holders of human rights. Charles Taylor's theory on the evolution of the semantics of human value is combined with a wide interdisciplinary array of contributions from Childhood Studies, Social Work, Pedagogy, Studies on Constitutionalism to propose an innovative social ontology of children's rights. Although the UNCRC has been the object of critical scrutiny since the early 1990s, the authors are not aware of any previous attempt to approach children's rights as social semantics in an attempt to illuminate the dynamic and paradoxical coupling within discourses on childhood between a fundamental social process, the reproduction of generational order and a fundamental social institution, human rights as codified in western modernity. The authors argue that while describing a paradoxical coexistence between intergenerational order and human rights, the semantics of children's rights maintains its unity as a cultural form because another semantic distinction, between human rights and personal rights continue to generate social meaning. It is hoped that the scholarly debate will benefit from the contribution of this article to enrich the debate around the social ontology of childhood and children's rights.
The relational love in the dialogue between Lutheran theology and Chinese traditional religions
Authors: GAO Yuan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe concept of love occupies a central position not only in the Lutheran–Augustinian theology of justification and sanctification, but also in some traditional Chinese religions such as Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. For the Finnish interpretation of Luther's theology, a range of pivotal concepts such as two kinds of love, union (participation), gift, favor, unifying power, as well as the real‐ontic presence in faith act a fundamental role in addressing the doctrine of justification and divinization. As a new research approach, the formulation of unio cum Christo in Spiritu sancto develops Tuomo Mannermaa's interpretation of in ipsa fide Christus adest thus opening a new dialogue with the relational creativity of love in Chinese Tao‐Qi framework. While the ontological presuppositions of these two religious traditions are different, the relational love can be explored as a new conceptual model for deepening the theoretical communications between Lutheran theology and Chinese faith traditions.
Rewarding performance through sustainability‐linked bonds
Authors: Anderson Anne‐Marie , Kish Richard 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGreen bonds and the broad category of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) debt are market initiatives designed to tie environmental goals to the funding mechanism of the firm. Although there is an evolving certification process for green and social bonds, it does not currently include monetary consequences for a deviation from the proposed green uses of the funding. This article provides an overview of the green/social bond market to highlight these shortcomings. After a review of the green bond literature, we note the shortcomings of the existing debt market and illustrate the benefits of sustainability‐linked bonds (SLB), which reward incremental improvements in relevant performance indicators.
Characterization of Colletotrichum fructicola causing anthracnose on Schima superba in China
Authors: Yan Linzhe , Shi Jianqi , Peng Xiaojie , Zhang Shouke , Zhou Xudong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLeaves of Schima superba with typical anthracnose symptoms were collected in July 2023 in Zhejiang Province, China. The fungi isolates were conducted from the margins of the lesions, and three isolates CA13, CA18 and CA27, were selected for identification and pathogenicity test. Based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of the partial regions of internal transcribed spacer (ITS), actin (ACT), calmodulin (CAL), beta‐tubulin (TUB2), and glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate‐dehydrogenase sequences (GAPDH), the fungi were identified as Colletotrichum fructicola. Inoculation of the fungi on healthy S. superba leaves showed symptoms similar to those observed in the field, and the fungi were re‐isolated from the lesions. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first report of C. fructicola causing anthracnose on S. superba worldwide.
Factors associated with improved outcomes in the first psychotic episode at a specialized outpatient clinic in northeastern Brazil
Authors: de Fatima Pina de Almeida Isabela , Vilar Aldo Ferreira Castello Branco , Júnior Benjamim Figueiredo Braga Pires , Marques Rodrigo Coelho , Machado Leonardo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe present study aimed to evaluate data from patients admitted to the first‐episode psychotic (FEP) outpatient clinic at the Hospital of Clinics of the Federal University of Pernambuco from July 2018 to July 2021, seeking to identify factors related to better clinical outcomes.MethodsThis study was conducted using a convenience sample, including all patients between 15 and 65 years of age who were admitted to the FEP outpatient clinic from July 2018 to July 2021. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed using mean and standard deviation or median and interquartile range for continuous quantitative variables, and absolute number/percentage for qualitative variables. Paired T‐test, a parametric test, was used to compare PANSS scores upon admission and after 6 months. Spearman's correlation test was employed to assess the correlation between duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) and treatment response with other variables.ResultsThe sample consisted of 85.3% male individuals, with 50% of patients aged between 19 and 30 years, and 82% residing in the metropolitan area of Recife. Seventy percent of patients responded to the treatment implemented by the outpatient clinic, and only 30% required psychiatric hospitalization within 6 months of follow‐up. The majority of patients had a history of psychoactive substance use (82.4%); however, the use of these substances did not impact the prognosis within the analysed sample. The median DUP was 4 weeks, and a shorter DUP was associated with a lower probability of psychiatric hospitalization and a greater treatment response (reduction >50% in PANSS).ConclusionA shorter DUP was associated with a lower likelihood of psychiatric hospitalization and a greater treatment response. Furthermore, the specialized early psychosis outpatient clinic itself appears to yield positive outcomes, as 70% of the treated patients exhibited a positive treatment response.
Two decades of patient advocacy
Authors: Baker Mary , Craven Audrey , Galvin Orla , Hawrot Tadeusz , Newton Alistair , Sipido Eveline , Walsh Donna , Jaarsma Joke 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe European Federation of Neurological Associations (EFNA) brings together European umbrella organizations of pan‐European neurological patient advocacy groups (www.efna.net) and strives to improve the quality of life of people living with neurological conditions and to work towards relieving the immense social and economic burden on patients, carers and society in general. This article provides an overview of EFNA's activities and achievements over the past two decades, the evolution of patient advocacy during those years, and the increased role and impact of the European patient voice in the neurological arena.
The critical role of neuroimaging in hemicrania continua: A systematic review and case series
Authors: Yildiz Goksel Hasna , Bilgin Seyma , Digre Kathleen , Cortez Melissa M. , Ozudogru Seniha N. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundHemicrania continua is a primary unilateral headache characterized by ipsilateral parasympathetic and sympathetic autonomic features. A key diagnostic criterion is its dramatic response to indomethacin treatment; however, various vascular or structural abnormalities have been reported to cause secondary hemicrania continua, presenting with clinical features similar to those of the primary headache presentation.ObjectiveWe reviewed the literature to compile secondary hemicrania continua cases, highlighting the importance of imaging during the evaluation. Additionally, we also contributed our three cases to the existing studies.MethodsWe conducted a review of articles from the PubMed and EMBASE databases that described reported cases of secondary hemicrania continua, covering the period from 1993 to 2021. Our review included detailed patient information, signs, and symptoms of hemicrania continua, as well as information on indomethacin usage and headache resolution (if pertinent).ResultsSecondary hemicrania continua can result from a remarkably diverse range of structural and vascular lesions, yet clinical reports on long‐term follow‐up are lacking. Notably, cases may exhibit a classical response to indomethacin, emphasizing the importance of neuroimaging in excluding secondary cases. Our search yielded 41 cases meeting our criteria. We excluded six cases that were not treated with indomethacin or were unresponsive to it. Additionally, we present three cases that highlight the necessity of neuroimaging in evaluating hemicrania continua, along with short‐ and long‐term clinical outcomes following indomethacin and lesion‐directed treatments. Case 1 presented with daily right‐sided headaches and cranial autonomic symptoms. Her pain completely resolved with indomethacin use. Neuroimaging of the brain revealed a laterally directed saccular aneurysm of the right internal carotid artery. Case 2 presented with continuous left‐sided unilateral headaches with superimposed exacerbations. She complained of left‐sided photophobia with a dull sensation in the left ear. Her symptoms decreased after 2 weeks of indomethacin use. Neuroimaging of the head indicated a benign tumor with mass effect into the left lateral medulla and inferior cerebellar peduncle. Case 3 presented with a right side‐locked headache with daily, severe superimposed exacerbations. She had photophobia in the right eye and a right‐sided Horner's syndrome, along with tearing during her exacerbations. Neuroimaging of the brain revealed a pituitary tumor and her pain completely resolved with indomethacin.ConclusionHemicrania continua is a rare headache disorder that can be either primary or secondary. Importantly, response to indomethacin can still occur in secondary hemicrania continua. Thus, neuroimaging should be considered to rule out underlying structural etiology in all cases, regardless of their clinical responsiveness to indomethacin therapy.