bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Verification of necessity for bioaugmentation—lessons from two batch case studies for bioremediation of diesel‐contaminated soils
Authors: Grace Liu Pao‐Wen , Whang Liang‐Ming , Chang Tsung Chain , Tseng I‐Cheng , Pan Po‐Tseng , Cheng Sheng‐Shung 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Two bio‐pile studies undertaken in a controlled laboratory were aimed at deciding optimal strategies to remediate two different artificial diesel‐contaminated soils. Bioaugmentation with various inoculations, biostimulation with various levels of biosurfactant rhamnolipid, and nutrient enhancement were the proposed remediation courses.RESULTS: In Case I, the average of the first‐order kinetic degradation rate constants during the first degradation stage for the bioaugmentation/biostimulation treatments was 0.0195 ± 0.0056 d−1, which was about 2.6‐fold higher than that of the control batch (0.0075 d−1). Conversely, in Case II, the rate constants for treatments with amendments and those for the control batch were found to be comparable, 0.0172 ± 0.0015 d−1 and 0.0158 d−1, respectively. Microarray results indicated a less diverse indigenous bacterial community in Case I and an abundant indigenous community in Case II, both from the control batches on Day 0. The dynamics of the two microbial communities, revealed by NMS plots, emphasized the similarity among the different treatments during the first degradation stage.CONCLUSIONS: Prior to a remediation project, the usefulness of a bioaugmentation approach can be investigated using an ITS oligonucliotide microarray. Results from the microarray answered why the bioaugmentation approach was useful in Case I, but not in Case II. The abundance of the diesel‐degrading community determined the usefulness of bioaugmentation. Relatively quantified TRFLP results analyzed via the NMS plots demonstrated comparable microbial communities during the first degradation stage, regardless of differences between the two batches. The bacterial community structure might shift with the availability of hydrocarbons. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Electrochemical degradation of pulp and paper industry waste‐water
Authors: Soloman Pooppana Antony , Basha Chiya Ahmed , Velan Manickam , Balasubramanian Natesan 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Conventional biological waste‐water treatment techniques are insufficient to degrade large quantities of dissolved lignin discharged by small‐scale paper mills. The current investigation is aimed at comparing the overall performance of basic electrochemical reactor configurations such as batch, batch recirculation, recycle and single pass systems, in removing the organic part of waste‐water from a small‐scale, agro‐based paper industry. The effect of current density, supporting electrolyte concentration, duration of electrolysis, specific electrode surface and fluid flow rate on the removal of pollutants and energy consumption are critically evaluated. The improvement in biodegradability of the effluent during treatment is also noticed.RESULTS: The batch recirculation mode of operation was found to be superior in comparison with a batch system using the same specific electrode surface for both COD removal (73.3 vs. 64%) and capacity utilization (rate constant 1.112 × 10−3 vs. 1.049 × 10−3 cm s−1). The pollutant removal performance of the batch recirculation system improved considerably with increase in the circulation flow rate. At the best operating point in the recycle system, 59% of COD was removed, corresponding to a current efficiency of 68.9% and specific energy consumption of 18.46 kWh kg−1. The biodegradability index of the waste‐water was improved from 0.18 ± 0.01 to 0.36 ± 0.01.CONCLUSION: A recycle reactor was the best configuration, because of its flexibility of operation. Circulation flow rate and withdrawal flow rate enable the control of transfer coefficients and treatment duration respectively. Electrochemical treatment not only removes the bulk of the organic matter, but also makes the remaining pollutants more easily biodegradable. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of technological parameters on the epoxidation of 1‐butene‐3‐ol over titanium silicalite TS‐2 catalyst
Authors: Wróblewska Agnieszka , Wajzberg Joanna , Fajdek Anna , Milchert Eugeniusz 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: The influence of technological parameters on the epoxidation of 1‐butene‐3‐ol (1B3O) over titanium silicalite TS‐2 catalyst has been investigated. Epoxidations were carried out using 30%(w/w) hydrogen peroxide at atmospheric pressure. The major product from the epoxidation of B3O was 1,2‐epoxybutane‐3‐ol, with many potential applications.RESULTS: The influence of temperature (20–60 °C), 1B3O/H2O2 molar ratio (1:1–5:1), methanol concentration (5–90%(w/w)), TS‐2 catalyst concentration (0.1–6.0%(w/w)) and reaction time (0.5–5.0 h) have been studied.CONCLUSION: The epoxidation process is most effective if conducted at a temperature of 20 °C, 1B3O/H2O2 molar ratio 1:1, methanol concentration (used as the solvent) 80%(w/w), catalyst concentration 5%(w/w) and reaction time 5 h. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
SOX9 is not required for the cellular events of testicular organogenesis in XX mole ovotestes
Authors: Carmona F. David , Lupiáñez Darío G. , Real Francisca M. , Burgos Miguel , Zurita Federico , Jiménez Rafael 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMammalian sex determination is the genetic process that commits the undifferentiated bipotential gonads to develop as either testes or ovaries. The differentiation of SOX9‐expressing Sertoli cells is assumed to be necessary to initiate testis development. Insectivorous moles of the genus Talpa represent a unique case of generalized true hermaphroditism, as XX female moles constitutively develop two ovotestes instead of normal ovaries. In this work, we have investigated the expression patterns of a number of genes known to play key roles in gonad organogenesis, throughout the entire process of ovotestis development in female moles. Molecular and morphological evidence are provided that these ovotestes contain primary medullary testis‐like cords, Leydig cells, peritubular myoid cells, and a testis‐specific vasculature, but no Sertoli cells. Our results show for the first time that SOX9 is not required for the formation of the primary testis cords, but it is necessary for the maintenance and subsequent development of these cords. In addition, the expression pattern of WNT4 in male and female moles indicates that this gene inhibits Leydig cell differentiation and, contrary to the proposed scenario in the mouse, it is not required for the colonization and survival of primordial germ cells. According to our data, mole ovotestes result from a process of PDGFRα‐mediated mesonephric cell migration, which occurs simultaneously in both sexes. The fact that FST remains inactive during the critical stages of female gonad development, explains the lack of migration inhibition, and may be a consequence of improper WNT4 signalling in the mole. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 312B:734–748, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Asiatic acid, a pentacyclic triterpene from Centella asiatica, is neuroprotective in a mouse model of focal cerebral ischemia
Authors: Krishnamurthy Rajanikant G. , Senut Marie‐Claude , Zemke Daniel , Min Jiangyong , Frenkel Mark B. , Greenberg Eric J. , Yu Seong‐Woon , Ahn Nick , Goudreau John , Kassab Mounzer , Panickar Kiran S. , Majid Arshad 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAsiatic acid, a triterpenoid derivative from Centella asiatica, has shown biological effects such as antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and protection against glutamate‐ or β‐amyloid‐induced neurotoxicity. We investigated the neuroprotective effect of asiatic acid in a mouse model of permanent cerebral ischemia. Various doses of asiatic acid (30, 75, or 165 mg/kg) were administered orally at 1 hr pre‐ and 3, 10, and 20 hr postischemia, and infarct volume and behavioral deficits were evaluated at day 1 or 7 postischemia. IgG (blood–brain barrier integrity) and cytochrome c (apoptosis) immunostaining was carried out at 24 hr postischemia. The effect of asiatic acid on stress‐induced cytochrome c release was examined in isolated mitochondrial fractions. Furthermore, its effects on cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential were studied in HT‐22 cells exposed to oxygen‐glucose deprivation. Asiatic acid significantly reduced the infarct volume by 60% at day 1 and by 26% at day 7 postischemia and improved neurological outcome at 24 hr postischemia. Our studies also showed that the neuroprotective properties of asiatic acid might be mediated in part through decreased blood–brain barrier permeability and reduction in mitochondrial injury. The present study suggests that asiatic acid may be useful in the treatment of cerebral ischemia. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spinal microglial proliferation is evident in a rat model of painful disc herniation both in the presence of behavioral hypersensitivity and following minocycline treatment sufficient to attenuate allodynia
Authors: Rothman Sarah M. , Guarino Benjamin B. , Winkelstein Beth A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAlthough spinal glia acquire a reactive profile in radiculopathy, glial cell proliferation remains largely unstudied. This study investigated spinal glial proliferation in a model simulating painful disc herniation; the C7 nerve root underwent compression and chromic gut suture exposure or sham procedures. A subset of injured rats received minocycline injections prior to injury. Allodynia was assessed and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was injected 2 hr before tissue harvest on day 1 or 3. Spinal cell proliferation and phenotype identification were assayed by fluorescent colabeling with antibodies to BrdU and either glial fibrillary acidic protein (astrocytes) or Iba1 (microglia). At day 1, ipsilateral allodynia was significantly increased (P < 0.001) for injury over sham. Minocycline treatment significantly decreased ipsilateral allodynia to sham levels at day 1 (P < 0.001). At day 3, ipsilateral allodynia remained and contralateral allodynia was also present for injury (P< 0.003) over sham. The number of BrdU‐positive cells in the ipsilateral spinal dorsal horn at day 1 after injury was significantly elevated (P < 0.001) over sham. Approximately 70% of BrdU‐positive cells labeled positively for Iba1; dividing microglia were significantly increased (P < 0.004) in the ipsilateral dorsal horn at day 1 following injury compared with sham. Spinal cellular proliferation after injury was not changed by minocycline injection. By day 3, the number of BrdU‐positive cells had returned to sham levels bilaterally. Data indicate that spinal microglia proliferate after injury but that proliferation is not abolished by minocycline treatment that attenuates allodynia, indicating that spinal microglial proliferation may be related to injury and may not be linked to changes in sensory perception. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Heavy alcohol consumption and neuropathological lesions: A post‐mortem human study
Authors: Aho Leena , Karkola Kari , Juusela Jari , Alafuzoff Irina 
Published: April 2009

AbstractEpidemiological studies have indicated that excessive alcohol consumption leads to cognitive impairment, but the specific pathological mechanism involved remains unknown. The present study evaluated the association between heavy alcohol intake and the neuropathological hallmark lesions of the three most common neurodegenerative disorders, i.e., Alzheimer's disease (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and vascular cognitive impairment (VCI), in post‐mortem human brains. The study cohort was sampled from the subjects who underwent a medicolegal autopsy during a 6‐month period in 1999 and it included 54 heavy alcohol consumers and 54 age‐ and gender‐matched control subjects. Immunohistochemical methodology was used to visualize the aggregation of β‐amyloid, hyperphosphorylated τ, and α‐synuclein and the extent of infarcts. In the present study, no statistically significant influence was observed for alcohol consumption on the extent of neuropathological lesions encountered in the three most common degenerative disorders. Our results indicate that alcohol‐related dementia differs from VCI, AD, and DLB; i.e., it has a different etiology and pathogenesis. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Overexpression of glycogen synthase kinase 3β sensitizes neuronal cells to ethanol toxicity
Authors: Liu Ying , Chen Gang , Ma Cuiling , Bower Kimberly A. , Xu Mei , Fan Zhiqin , Shi Xianglin , Ke Zun‐Ji , Luo Jia 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe developing central nervous system (CNS) is particularly susceptible to ethanol toxicity. The loss of neurons underlies many of the behavioral deficits observed in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). The mechanisms of ethanol‐induced neuronal loss, however, remain incompletely elucidated. We demonstrated that glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), a multifunctional serine/threonine kinase, was involved in ethanol neurotoxicity. The activity of GSK3β is negatively regulated by its phosphorylation at serine 9 (Ser9). Ethanol induced dephosphorylation of GSK3β at Ser9 and the activation of Bax as well as caspase‐3 in the developing mouse brain. These ethanol‐induced alterations were ameliorated by the pretreatment of a GSK3β inhibitor, lithium. To determine the role of GSK3β in ethanol neurotoxicity, we overexpressed wild‐type (WT), S9A mutant or dominant‐negative (DN) mutant GSK3β in a neuronal cell line (SK‐N‐MC). Ethanol only modestly reduced the viability of parental SK‐N‐MC cells but drastically induced caspase‐3 activation and apoptosis in cells overexpressing WT or S9A GSK3β, indicating that the high levels of GSK3β or the active form of GSK3β increased cellular sensitivity to ethanol. Contrarily, overexpression of DN GSK3β conferred resistance to ethanol toxicity. Lithium and other specific GSK3β inhibitors abolished the hypersensitivity to ethanol caused by WT or S9A overexpression. Bax, a proapoptotic protein, is a substrate of GSK3β. Cells overexpressing WT or S9A GSK3β were much more sensitive to ethanol‐induced Bax activation than parental SK‐N‐MC cells. Our results indicate that GSK3β may be a mediator of ethanol neurotoxicity, and its expression status in a cell may determine ethanol vulnerability. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A new direction in M&A integration: How companies find solutions to value destruction in people‐based activity
Authors: de Haldevang Ben 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe've all heard merger‐and‐acquisition (M&A) horror stories in which ignoring the complex human element in integration led to problems that leached away some—or much—of the deal's hoped‐for value. The success stories presented here point to effective strategies for smoothly merging organizations without compromising productivity, talent and customer retention, innovation, and other sources of value creation. The author argues that integration planning and management, which too often focus narrowly on process, should also explicitly address the people‐intensive aspects of planning, speed, communication, innovation, culture, and HR issues. For each of these areas, he presents actual cases in which preparation or intervention kept a postdeal integration on track and shares specific solutions and tools that can be adapted to other M&As. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Is management by objectives obsolete?
Authors: Roth William F. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractManagement by Objectives has been part of corporate dogma for many decades. But as its touted strengths rapidly become liabilities in the new global century, more empowering and flexible approaches sprout up as promising new models for performance management. The author examines the dampening effect Management by Objectives can have on creativity, teamwork, and the ability to respond to changes in the business. He also presents two cases of organizations that broke out of the mold: W.L. Gore and Associates' innovative approach to self‐managing teams and Bridgeport Paper Company's even bolder experiment, in which employees developed and implemented a team‐based organizational structure and team‐directed processes for decision making, hiring and promotion, training, performance management (without MBO), rewards, and cross‐team communication and integration. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Participative strategies for China's growing market
Authors: Tu Howard S. , Sullivan Sherry E. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractOver the next ten years, China is predicted to become the second‐largest economy in the world. China offers foreign companies many wonderful business opportunities. Although a number of these foreign companies have successfully broken into the Chinese marketplace and reaped immense benefits, others have encountered unexpected obstacles, and some have experienced outright failure. Drawing on our international business experience as well as our knowledge of China's business environment derived from consulting and conducting research in China, we offer guidelines for foreigners considering conducting business in China. Specifically, we examine what major changes are having the most impact on how business is conducted in China and suggest strategies for effectively managing these changes. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Legal developments—2009: New year and new administration
Authors: MacGillivray Elizabeth D. , Beecher H. Juanita M. , Golden Deirdre 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe November 2008 election was significant not only for the historic election of Barack Obama, but also because of the shift in power to a Democratic Congress and the number of ballot initiatives passed at the state level. The following items include some of the results of the election at the national and state level that affect the workplace, and highlight some key issues to watch in 2009. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Does loading influence the severity of cartilage degeneration in the canine Groove‐model of OA?
Authors: Vos Petra , Interma Femke , van El Benno , DeGroot Jeroen , Bijlsma J.W.J. , Lafeber Floris , Mastbergen Simon 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMany animal models are used to study osteoarthritis (OA). In these models the role of joint loading in the development of OA is not fully understood. We studied the effect of loading on the development of OA in the canine Groove‐model. In ten female beagle dogs OA was induced in one knee according to the Groove‐model. The animals were divided in groups with and without forced‐loading. Forced‐loading was achieved by fixing the contra‐lateral limb to the trunk 3 times a week for 4 hours. After 20 weeks joint tissues of all dogs were evaluated. Subjective evaluation revealed less movement with more loading in the forced‐loading‐group compared to the group without forced‐loading. In both groups induction of OA resulted in macroscopical and microscopical OA changes as well as alterations in cartilage metabolism characteristics for OA. Although differences were small, for some parameters they were statistically significant for the forced‐loading‐group. There were no differences between the contra‐lateral healthy joints of both groups. The present study demonstrates that in the Groove‐model intensified loading is not a prerequisite for the development of OA, although it adds to some extent to the severity of the OA. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27:1332–1338, 2009
Cellular composition of the initial fracture hematoma compared to a muscle hematoma: A study in sheep
Authors: Schmidt‐Bleek Katharina , Schell Hanna , Kolar Paula , Pfaff Michael , Perka Carsten , Buttgereit Frank , Duda Georg , Lienau Jasmin 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBone fracture leads to a cycle of inflammation, cellular migration, and proliferation to restore tissue integrity. Immune cells at the site of injury are involved especially in the early phase of the healing process, but little is known about the cells present in the initial fracture hematoma. The hypothesis of this study was that the cellular composition in a fracture hematoma differs from that found in a muscle hematoma and that these divergences get more pronounced over time. By using a reproducible osteotomy model and muscle trauma in sheep the distributions of the immune cell subpopulations were evaluated 1 and 4 h after surgery. The cell amount within the first 4 h increased in both hematoma. The number of dead cells was higher in the muscle hematoma. One hour postoperatively the initial fracture hematoma revealed a lower granulocyte percentage compared to the muscle hematoma. The ratio of T helper to cytotoxic T cells was higher in the fracture hematoma compared to the muscle hematoma at both investigated time points. B cell percentage increased in the fracture but not in the muscle hematoma from 1 to 4 h. This is the first study that compares the immune cell subpopulations of a fracture and muscle hematoma. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Effect of Pb2+ on L‐glutathione monolayers on a silver surface investigated by surface‐enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy
Authors: Sheng Chun , Zhao Han , Gu Fukang , Yang Haifeng 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSurface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy was applied to observe reduced L‐glutathione [L‐Glut(R)] molecules self‐assembled on a silver surface and the effect of Pb2+ on them. The adsorption structure suggests that the mercapto group of the L‐Glut(R) molecule is covalently bonded to the silver surface along with the imine group, amino group and entire carboxyl group in a perpendicular orientation after self‐reorganization. Results of SERS experiment show that Pb2+ influences the structure of L‐glutathione monolayers as a result of the binding reaction possibly occurring between Pb2+ and the carboxyl and the amino groups. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tribological performances of heterocyclic‐containing ether and/or thioether as additives in the synthetic diester
Authors: Liang Peipei , Wu Hua , Zuo Guangzhi , Ren Tianhui 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe load‐carrying capacity, wear and friction properties of 2‐octoxyl methylthio‐benzothiazole (DEOY) and 2‐dodecylthio methylthio‐benzothiazole (DEMB) added to a synthetic lubricant (diester) were evaluated using a four‐ball test machine. The results indicate that the two compounds added to the diester possess good load‐carrying capacities and excellent anti‐wear and friction reduction properties. The thermal stability of the two compounds under nitrogen atmosphere was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). It was found that the compounds DEOY and DEMB possess excellent thermal stability. The surface topography of the rubbed surface was investigated with scanning electron microscopy, the elemental chemical nature of the anti‐wear films generated on steel counterface were investigated with X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.