bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
E proteins regulate osteoclast maturation and survival
Authors: Long Courtney L , Berry William L , Zhao Ying , Sun Xiao-Hong , Humphrey Mary Beth 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Osteoclasts are bone-specific polykaryons derived from myeloid precursors under the stimulation of macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL). E proteins are basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors that modulate lymphoid versus myeloid cell fate decisions. To study the role of E proteins in osteoclasts, myeloid-specific E protein gain-of-function transgenic mice were generated. These mice have high bone mass due to decreased osteoclast numbers and increased osteoclast apoptosis leading to overall reductions in resorptive capacity. The molecular mechanism of decreased osteoclast numbers and resorption is in part a result of elevated expression of CD38, a regulator of intracellular calcium pools with known antiosteoclastogenic properties, which increases sensitivity to apoptosis. In vivo, exogenous RANKL stimulation can overcome this inhibition to drive osteoclastogenesis and bone loss. In vitro–derived ET2 osteoclasts are more spread and more numerous with increases in RANK, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), and nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) compared to wild type. However, their resorptive capacity does not increase accordingly. Thus, E proteins participate in osteoclast maturation and survival in homeostatic bone remodeling. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Role of yessotoxin in calcium and cAMP‐crosstalks in primary and K‐562 human lymphocytes: The effect is mediated by Anchor kinase a mitochondrial proteins
Authors: Tobío Araceli , Fernández‐Araujo Andrea , Alfonso Amparo , Botana Luis M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractYessotoxin (YTX) is a marine polyether toxin previously described as a phosphodiesterase (PDE) activator in fresh human lymphocytes. This toxin induces a decrease of adenosine 3′,5′‐cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) levels in fresh human lymphocytes in a medium with calcium (Ca2+), whereas the contrary effect has been observed in a Ca2+‐free medium. In the present article, the effect of YTX in K‐562 lymphocytes cell line has been analysed. Surprisingly, results obtained in K‐562 cell line are completely opposite than in fresh human lymphocytes, since in K‐562 cells YTX induces an increase of cAMP levels. YTX cytotoxicity was also studied in both K‐562 cell line and fresh human lymphocytes. Results demonstrate that YTX does not modify fresh human lymphocytes viability, whereas in K‐562 cells, YTX has a highly cytotoxic effect. It has been described in a previous study that YTX induces a small cytosolic Ca2+ increase in fresh human lymphocytes but no effect was observed on Ca2+ pools depletion in these cells. However, our results show that, in K‐562 cells, YTX has no effect on cytosolic Ca2+ levels in a medium with Ca2+ and induces an increase on Ca2+ pools depletion followed by a Ca2+ influx. As far as Ca2+ modulation is concerned these results demonstrate that YTX has a clear opposite effect in tumoural and fresh human lymphocytes. In addition, intracellular Ca2+ reservoirs affected by YTX are different than thapsigargin‐sensible pools. Furthermore, YTX‐dependent Ca2+ pools depletion was abolished by cAMP analogue (dibutyryl cAMP), phosphodiesterase‐4 (PDE4) inhibitor (rolipram), protein kinase A inhibitor (H89) and oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler carbonyl cyanide p‐(trifluoromethoxy) (FCCP) treatments. This evidences the crosstalks between Ca2+, YTX and cAMP pathways. Also, results obtain demonstrate that YTX‐dependent Ca2+ influx was only abolished by FCCP pre‐treatment, which indicates a link between YTX and mitochondria in K‐562 cell line. Cytosolic expression of A‐kinase anchor proteins (AKAPs), the proteins which integrates phosphodiesterases (PDEs) and PKA to the mitochondria, was determined in both cell models. On the one hand, in human fresh lymphocytes, YTX increases AKAP149 cytosolic expression. This fact is accompanied with a decrease in cAMP levels, and therefore PDEs activation, which finally leads to cell survival. On the other hand, in tumoural lymphocytes, YTX has an opposite effect since decreases AKAP149 cytosolic expression and increase cAMP levels which leads to cell death. This is the first time that YTX and mitochondrial AKAPs proteins relationship is characterised. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 3752–3761, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantitative proteome analysis of ovarian cancer tissues using a iTRAQ approach
Authors: Wang Li‐Na , Tong Shi‐Wen , Hu Huai‐Dong , Ye Feng , Li Sang‐Lin , Ren Hong , Zhang Da‐Zhi , Xiang Rong , Yang Yi‐Xuan 
Published: July 2012

AbstractQuantitative proteomics can be used as a screening tool for identification of differentially expressed proteins as potential biomarkers for cancers. Here, we comparatively analyzed the proteome profiles of ovarian cancer tissues and normal ovarian epithelial tissues. Using the high‐throughput proteomic technology of isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)‐coupled with two‐dimensional‐liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry, 1,259 unique proteins were identified. Of those, 205 were potentially differentially expressed between ovarian cancer and normal ovarian tissues. Several of the potentially differentially expressed proteins were validated by Western blotting and real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR analyses. Furthermore, up‐regulation of KRT8, PPA1, IDH2, and S100A11 were validated in ovarian tissue microarrays by immunohistochemistry. Silencing of S100A11 expression suppressed the migration and invasion properties of ovarian cancer cells in vitro. Our study represents the successful application of iTRAQ technology to an investigation of ovarian cancer. Many of the potentially differentially expressed proteins identified had not been linked to ovarian cancer before, and provide valuable novel insights into the underlying mechanisms of carcinogenesis in human ovarian cancer. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 3762–3772, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Caveolin‐1 regulates proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Baker Natasha , Zhang Guofeng , You Yang , Tuan Rocky S. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractCaveolin‐1 is a scaffolding protein of cholesterol‐rich caveolae lipid rafts in the plasma membrane. In addition to regulating cholesterol transport, caveolin‐1 has the ability to bind a diverse array of cell signaling molecules and regulate cell signal transduction in caveolae. Currently, there is little known about the role of caveolin‐1 in stem cells. It has been reported that the caveolin‐1 null mouse has an expanded population of cells expressing stem cell markers in the gut, mammary gland, and brain, suggestive of a role for caveolin‐1 in stem cell regulation. The caveolin‐1 null mouse also has increased bone mass and an increased bone formation rate, and its bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have enhanced osteogenic potential. However, the role of caveolin‐1 in human MSC osteogenic differentiation remains unexplored. In this study, we have characterized the expression of caveolin‐1 in human bone marrow derived MSCs. We show that caveolin‐1 protein is enriched in density gradient‐fractionated MSC plasma membrane, consisting of ∼100 nm diameter membrane‐bound vesicles, and is distributed in a punctate pattern by immunofluoresence localization. Expression of caveolin‐1 increases in MSCs induced to undergo osteogenic differentiation, and siRNA‐mediated knockdown of caveolin‐1 expression enhances MSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. Taken together, these findings suggest that caveolin‐1 normally acts to regulate the differentiation and renewal of MSCs, and increased caveolin‐1 expression during MSC osteogenesis likely acts as a negative feedback to stabilize the cell phenotype. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 3773–3787, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
PTD‐hFOXP3 protein acts as an immune regulator to convert human CD4+CD25−T cells to regulatory T‐like cells
Authors: Liu Xia , Xu Xun , Lin Xin , Tian Yuxiang , Ji Baoju , Xia Sheng , Xu Sanrong , Yin Qing , Zhang Miaomiao , Jiao Zhijun , Wang Shengjun , Xu Huaxi , Shao Qixiang 
Published: July 2012

AbstractRegulatory T cells (Tregs) are critical for maintaining self‐tolerance and homeostasis, and have potential application in clinical disease therapy, such as autoimmune diseases and transplant rejection, but their numbers are limited. FOXP3 is a key transcription factor controlling Tregs development and function. Although transfection of CD4+CD25−lymphocytes with the FOXP3 gene can convert them to Treg‐like cells, there is the risk of insertional mutagenesis and thus an alternative to genetic intervention is sought. The protein transduction domain (PTD) from the HIV transactivator of transcription is a useful tool to deliver protein to the cytoplasm and nucleus. In this study, we generated a fusion protein linking the human FOXP3 to PTD (PTD‐hFOXP3), and explored its function in T cells. The results showed that the PTD rapidly and effectively delivered the hFOXP3 protein into cells where it localized not only in the cytoplasm, but also to the nucleus. PTD‐hFOXP3‐transduced Jurkat cells (human T lymphoma cell line) and CD4+CD25−T cells failed to proliferate and produce IL‐2 and IFN‐γ, but produced large amounts of the cytokines IL‐4, IL‐10, and TGF‐β, in response to TCR stimulation in vitro. PTD‐hFOXP3‐transduced CD4+CD25−T cells also expressed high levels of CTLA‐4 and low levels of CD25 after stimulation. Most importantly, PTD‐hFOXP3‐transduced T cells inhibited the proliferation of activated CD4+CD25−T cells. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that PTD‐hFOXP3 can bind with the IL‐2 gene promoter and repress the expression of IL‐2. These results indicate that PTD‐hFOXP3 has the capability to convert conventional T cells to Treg‐like cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 3797–3809, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Vascular risk in women with a history of severe preeclampsia
Authors: Goynumer Gokhan , Yucel Nese , Adali Ertan , Tan Temel , Baskent Erdem , Karadag Cihan 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackground.To assess markers of vascular dysfunction and risk in postpartum women with a history of severe preeclampsia.Methods.Carotid intima‐media thickness (CIMT) and brachial artery flow‐mediated dilatation (FMD) measured by ultrasonography, and lipid profile and insulin resistance evaluated by biochemical assays were compared between 34 women with a history of severe preeclampsia and 42 women with a prior normal pregnancy at least 12–24 months postpartum.Results.CIMT was higher and FMD lower in the preeclamptic than in the control group. We found a significant inverse correlation between CIMT and FMD in the preeclamptic group, but no difference in lipid profiles and insulin resistance between the groups.Conclusions.Women with a history of severe preeclampsia exhibit early structural and functional preatherosclerotic vascular impairment, which might explain their higher risk of future cardiovascular disease. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2013
Seasonal spermatogenic cycle and morphology of germ cells in the viviparous lizard Mabuya brachypoda (Squamata, Scincidae)
Authors: Hernández‐Franyutti Arlette , Uribe Mari Carmen 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWe describe seasonal variations of the histology of the seminiferous tubules and efferent ducts of the tropical, viviparous skink, Mabuya brachypoda, throughout the year. The specimens were collected monthly, in Nacajuca, Tabasco state, Mexico. The results revealed strong annual variations in testicular volume, stages of the germ cells, and diameter and height of the epithelia of seminiferous tubules and efferent ducts. Recrudescence was detected from November to December, when initial mitotic activity of spermatogonia in the seminiferous tubules were observed, coinciding with the decrease of temperature, photoperiod and rainy season. From January to February, early spermatogenesis continued and early primary and secondary spermatocytes were developing within the seminiferous epithelium. From March through April, numerous spermatids in metamorphosis were observed. Spermiogenesis was completed from May through July, which coincided with an increase in temperature, photoperiod, and rainfall. Regression occurred from August through September when testicular volume and spermatogenic activity decreased. During this time, the seminiferous epithelium decreased in thickness, and germ cell recruitment ceased, only Sertoli cells and spermatogonia were present in the epithelium. Throughout testicular regression spermatocytes and spermatids disappeared and the presence of cellular debris, and scattered spermatozoa were observed in the lumen. The regressed testes presented the total suspension of spermatogenesis. During October, the seminiferous tubules contained only spermatogonia and Sertoli cells, and the size of the lumen was reduced, giving the appearance that it was occluded. In concert with testis development, the efferent ducts were packed with spermatozoa from May through August. The epididymis was devoid of spermatozoa by September. M. brachypoda exhibited a prenuptial pattern, in which spermatogenesis preceded the mating season. The seasonal cycle variations of spermatogenesis in M. brachypoda are the result of a single extended spermiation event, which is characteristic of reptilian species. J. Morphol. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Uncertainties in daily rainfall over Africa: assessment of gridded observation products and evaluation of a regional climate model simulation
Authors: Sylla M. B. , Giorgi F. , Coppola E. , Mariotti L. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTWe intercompare three gridded observed daily rainfall datasets over Africa (FEWS (Famine Early Warning System), GPCP (Global Precipitation Climatology Project) and TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission)) in order to assess uncertainties in observation products towards the evaluation of the performance of a Regional Climate Model (RegCM3) in simulating daily precipitation characteristics over a domain encompassing the whole African continent. We find that different observation products exhibit substantial systematic differences in mean rainfall, but especially in higher order daily precipitation statistics, such as frequency of wet days, precipitation intensity and extremes as well as maximum length of wet and dry spells. For example, FEWS shows mostly higher frequency and lower intensity events than TRMM and GPCP. Thus, the different datasets provide quite different representations of daily precipitation behavior. As a result, although RegCM3 captures pretty well the monsoon rainband evolution and exhibits a representation of daily precipitation statistics within the range of the observations, it performs differently with respect to the various products. For instance, it simulates more intense but less frequent events over East and Southern Africa than in FEWS and vice versa compared to TRMM. We thus highlight the uncertainty in observations as a key factor preventing a rigorous and unambiguous evaluation of climate models over Africa. Improving the quality and consistency of observation products is thus paramount for a better understanding of the response of African climate to global warming. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Temporal–spatial distribution of the predictability limit of monthly sea surface temperature in the global oceans
Authors: Li Jianping , Ding Ruiqiang 
Published: July 2012

AbstractTo examine atmospheric and oceanic predictability based on nonlinear error growth dynamics, the authors introduced recently a new method using the nonlinear local Lyapunov exponent (NLLE). In this study, the NLLE method is employed to investigate the temporal–spatial distribution of the limit of sea surface temperature (SST) predictability, based on reanalysis monthly SST data. The results show that the annual mean limit of SST predictability is the greatest in the tropical central–eastern Pacific (>8 months). Relatively high values were also obtained for the tropical Indian and Atlantic Oceans (5–8 months). In the northern and southern mid‐high latitude oceans, the limit of SST predictability is less than 6 months, with a minimum value of only 2–3 months. The limit of SST predictability in different oceanic regions shows significant seasonal variations, related to the persistence barriers that occur during particular seasons. In addition to the well‐known spring persistence barrier (SPB) in the tropical central–eastern Pacific, persistence barriers also occur in other ocean areas during seasons other than spring. A winter persistence barrier (WPB) exists in the southeastern tropical Indian Ocean and the northern tropical Atlantic. In the North Pacific and North Atlantic, a persistence barrier exists around July–September. These seasonal persistence barriers cause a relatively low limit of SST predictability when predictions are made across the season in which the barriers occur. In contrast, when predictions are made initiated from the season with a persistence barrier, the SST errors show rapid initial growth but slow growth in the following seasons, resulting in a relatively high limit in predictability. Analyses also indicate that the possibility of really eliminating the effects of persistence barriers on SST errors by improving ocean–atmosphere coupled general circulation models (CGCMs) or the data assimilation procedure is very low. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Mexican journalists: An investigation of their emotional health
Authors: Feinstein Anthony 
Published: July 2012

AbstractMexican journalists are frequently the victims of violence, often drug related. The purpose of the study was to assess their mental well‐being. Of 104 journalists recruited from 3 news organizations, those who had stopped working on drug‐related stories because of intimidation from the criminal drug cartels (n = 26) had significantly greater social dysfunction (p = .024); and more depressive (p = .001) and higher intrusive (p = .027), avoidance (p = .005), and arousal (p = .033) symptoms than journalists living and working under threat in regions of drug violence (n = 61). They also had more arousal (p = .05) and depressive (p = .027) symptoms than journalists (n = 17) never threatened before and living in regions without a drug problem. These findings provide preliminary data on the deleterious effects of drug‐related violence on the Mexican media, amplifying the concerns expressed by journalist watchdog organizations monitoring the state of the press in the country.
Spectral functions of products of selfadjoint operators
Authors: Ya. Azizov T. , Denisov M. , Philipp F. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractGiven two possibly unbounded selfadjoint operators A and G such that the resolvent sets of AG and GA are non‐empty, it is shown that the operator AG has a spectral function on \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathbb R$\end{document} with singularities if there exists a polynomial p ≠ 0 such that the symmetric operator Gp(AG) is non‐negative. This result generalizes a well‐known theorem for definitizable operators in Krein spaces.
Solution behavior of two novel anionic polyacrylamide copolymers hydrophobically modified with n‐benzyl‐n‐octylacrylamide
Authors: Kang Wanli , Wang Xianzhong , Wu Xiaoyan , Meng Lingwei , Liu Shuren , Xu Bin , Shan Xiuhua 
Published: July 2012

AbstractTwo novel hydrophobically modified anionic polyacrylamides (HM‐PAMs), p(AM/NaA/NaAMC12S/BOAM) and p(AM/NaA/OP‐10‐AC/BOAM) have been prepared by an aqueous micellar copolymerization technique from acrylamide, sodium acrylate (NaA), sodium 2‐(acrylamido)dodecane‐1‐sulfonate (NaAMC12S), octylphenol polyoxyethylene acrylate (OP‐10‐AC), and small amounts of N‐benzyl‐N‐octylacrylamide, respectively, with the objective of investigating the copolymers' rheological behaviors and surface activities under various conditions such as polymer concentration, shear rate, temperature, and salinity. As expected, the copolymers exhibit improved thickening properties due to intermolecular hydrophobic associations as the solution viscosity of the copolymers increases sharply with increasing polymer concentration. A decrease in viscosity is observed with increasing temperature, and the solution viscosity of the copolymers decreases with increasing NaCl concentration. Furthermore, the block copolymers exhibit high air–liquid surface activities as the surface tensions (STs) decrease with increasing polymer concentration. This behavior is yet another evidence of polymolecular micelles formation of the copolymers in aqueous solution, and thus the high tendency to adsorb at an interface. The ST exhibited by the copolymers was found to be relatively insensitive to the concentration of salt (NaCl). Scanning electron micrographs showed large aggregates in solutions, which is formed by the association from the hydrophobic groups of the polymers. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Development, optimization, and evaluation of emulsion‐gelled floating beads using natural polysaccharide‐blend for controlled drug release
Authors: Nayak Amit Kumar , Pal Dilipkumar , Malakar Jadupati 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis article describes the development, optimization, and evaluation of groundnut oil‐entrapped tamarind seed polysaccharide (TSP)‐alginate floating beads containing diclofenac sodium by emulsion‐gelation method for gastroretentive delivery. The effect of polymer to drug ratio, groundnut oil to water ratio, and sodium alginate to TSP ratio on drug entrapment, density, and drug release of floating beads was optimized using three‐factor and two‐level factorial design. The optimized floating beads showed drug entrapment efficiency of 82.48% ± 2.34%, density of 0.88 ± 0.07 g/cm3, cumulative drug release of 41.02% ± 0.86% after 8 h and floated well over 8 h in simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2) with 8.25 min floating lag‐time. The in vitro drug release from these floating beads containing diclofenac sodium was followed controlled‐release pattern (zero‐order kinetics) with case‐II transport mechanism. The average bead size was ranged from 1.07 ± 0.03 to 1.94 ± 0.09 mm. The floating beads were characterized by SEM, FTIR, and 1H NMR. The optimized floating beads showed excellent anti‐inflammatory activity in carrageenan‐induced rats over prolonged period after oral administration. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers