bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of hamster inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) promoter sequences that influence basal and inducible iNOS expression
Authors: Saldarriaga Omar A , Travi Bruno L , Choudhury Goutam Ghosh , Melby Peter C 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The low expression of iNOS in hamsters is related to a region of the proximal promoter that lacks an NF-IL6 binding element.
IFN-γ/LPS-activated hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) macrophages express significantly less iNOS (NOS2) than activated mouse macrophages, which contributes to the hamsterˈs susceptibility to intracellular pathogens. We determined a mechanism responsible for differences in iNOS promoter activity in hamsters and mice. The HtPP (1.2 kb) showed low basal and inducible promoter activity when compared with the mouse, and sequences within a 100-bp region (−233 to −133) of the mouse and hamster promoters influenced this activity. Moreover, within this 100 bp, we identified a smaller region (44 bp) in the mouse promoter, which recovered basal promoter activity when swapped into the hamster promoter. The mouse homolog (100-bp region) contained a cis-element for NF-IL-6 (−153/−142), which was absent in the hamster counterpart. EMSA and supershift assays revealed that the hamster sequence did not support the binding of NF-IL-6. Introduction of a functional NF-IL-6 binding sequence into the hamster promoter or its alteration in the mouse promoter revealed the critical importance of this transcription factor for full iNOS promoter activity. Furthermore, the binding of NF-IL-6 to the iNOS promoter (−153/−142) in vivo was increased in mouse cells but was reduced in hamster cells after IFN-γ/LPS stimulation. Differences in the activity of the iNOS promoters were evident in mouse and hamster cells, so they were not merely a result of species-specific differences in transcription factors. Thus, we have identified unique DNA sequences and a critical transcription factor, NF-IL-6, which contribute to the overall basal and inducible expression of hamster iNOS.
Smac mimetic enables the anticancer action of BCG-stimulated neutrophils through TNF-α but not through TRAIL and FasL
Authors: Jinesh G. Goodwin , Chunduru Srinivas , Kamat Ashish M 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Smac mimetic overcomes resistance of bladder cancer cells to BCG-stimulated neutrophils through TNF-α.
BCG, the current gold standard immunotherapy for bladder cancer, exerts its activity via recruitment of neutrophils to the tumor microenvironment. Many patients do not respond to BCG therapy, indicating the need to understand the mechanism of action of BCG-stimulated neutrophils and to identify ways to overcome resistance to BCG therapy. Using isolated human neutrophils stimulated with BCG, we found that TNF-α is the key mediator secreted by BCG-stimulated neutrophils. RT4v6 human bladder cancer cells, which express TNFR1, CD95/Fas, CD95 ligand/FasL, DR4, and DR5, were resistant to BCG-stimulated neutrophil conditioned medium but effectively killed by the combination of conditioned medium and Smac mimetic. rhTNF-α and rhFasL, but not rhTRAIL, in combination with Smac mimetic, generated signature molecular events similar to those produced by BCG-stimulated neutrophils in combination with Smac mimetic. However, experiments using neutralizing antibodies to these death ligands showed that TNF-α secreted from BCG-stimulated neutrophils was the key mediator of anticancer action. These findings explain the mechanism of action of BCG and identified Smac mimetics as potential combination therapeutic agents for bladder cancer.
Der SA-Führer Hans Ramshorn
Authors: Schmidt Daniel 
Published: April 2012

Vorspann
Das rechtsradikale Milieu, das sich nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg in Deutschland etablierte, ist uns in seinen Vorstellungen und seinem Lebensgefühl ziemlich fremd geworden. Die Erforschung seiner heterogenen Ideologien hat diese Distanz eher noch verstärkt. Unbeantwortet aber bleibt damit die Frage, warum ausgerechnet diese weltanschaulichen Entwürfe so viele Anhänger finden und sich letzten Endes durchsetzen konnten. Eine der überzeugendsten Antworten auf diese Frage bietet noch immer der biographische Ansatz. Das wilde, unkonventionelle und in mancherlei Hinsicht extreme Leben des Hans Ramshorn scheint geradezu prädestiniert dazu. Es lässt sich immer auch als Schnittpunkt verstehen, in dem sich viele überindividuelle Zeittendenzen – politische und militärische, ideologische und gesellschaftliche – überkreuzten und bündelten.
Lead Sulfide Quantum Dot Synthesis, Deposition, and Temperature Dependence Studies of the Stokes Shift
Authors: Wang Joanna S. , Ullrich Bruno , Brown Gail J. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTWe investigated the temperature dependence of the Stokes shift of PbS quantum dots (diameter 4.7 nm) deposited from solution on glass using a specially designed apparatus. By measuring the thermal alteration of the optical absorbance and photoluminescence in the range of 5 K – 300 K, we demonstrate that the Stokes shift shrinks from 135 meV at 5 K to 62 meV at 300 K. Extrapolation of the data presented predict an elimination temperature of the Stokes shift of about 460 K, corresponding to the thermal energy of the sum of prominent PbS phonon energies.
Quality Improvement With Pay-for-Performance Incentives in Integrated Behavioral Health Care
Authors: Unützer Jürgen , Chan Ya-Fen , Hafer Erin , Knaster Jessica , Shields Anne , Powers Diane , Veith Richard C. 
Published: April 2012

Objectives. We evaluated a quality improvement program with a pay-for-performance (P4P) incentive in a population-focused, integrated care program for safety-net patients in 29 community health clinics. Methods. We used a quasi-experimental design with 1673 depressed adults before and 6304 adults after the implementation of the P4P program. Survival analyses examined the time to improvement in depression before and after implementation of the P4P program, with adjustments for patient characteristics and clustering by health care organization. Results. Program participants had high levels of depression, other psychiatric and substance abuse problems, and social adversity. After implementation of the P4P incentive program, participants were more likely to experience timely follow-up, and the time to depression improvement was significantly reduced. The hazard ratio for achieving treatment response was 1.73 (95% confidence interval = 1.39, 2.14) after the P4P program implementation compared with pre-program implementation. Conclusions. Although this quasi-experiment cannot prove that the P4P initiative directly caused improved patient outcomes, our analyses strongly suggest that when key quality indicators are tracked and a substantial portion of payment is tied to such quality indicators, the effectiveness of care for safety-net populations can be substantially improved.
Effective melatonin protection of burn-induced hepatic disorders in rats
Authors: Bekyarova Ganka , Bratchkova Yordanka , Tancheva Stoyanka , Hristova Minka 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
We studied the effect of melatonin on morphological and functional disorders using serum markers of liver dysfunction such as cholinesterase and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, hepatic protein content and malondialdehyde in a burned-rat model. Melatonin (10 mg/kg (−1), i.p) was administered immediately and then 12 h after 30% of total body surface area burns of male Wistar rats. The burns induced an increase of hepatic malondialdehyde levels by 166% (p<0.001), and also vascular congestion, leukocyte infiltration around the central veins, intracellular vacuolization, hepatic cell degeneration and apoptotic bodies (Councilman’s bodies). These changes were associated with significantly reduced serum cholinesterase (36%), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (76%), hepatic proteins (52%) and serum albumin (37%) (p<0.001–0.0001). Treatment with melatonin reduced elevated hepatic malondialdehyde values by 50% (p<0.01). Melatonin restricted degenerative alteration in the hepatocytes: it protected the burninduced decrease of serum gamma glutamyl transpeptidase activity by 48% (p<0.01), hepatic proteins by 64% (p<0.01), and serum activity of cholinesterase as the only marker of liver damaged synthetic function by 57% (p<0.0001) but did not exert any significant influence on serum albumin concentration. Melatonin repaired the pathomorphological lesions and functional disorders. It could restore liver damage following thermal injury in humans.
Surfaces with pg = q = 2, K2 = 6, and Albanese Map of Degree 2
Authors: Penegini Matteo , Polizzi Francesco 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe classify minimal surfaces of general type with pg = q = 2 and K2 = 6 whose Albanese map is a generically finite double cover. We show that the corresponding moduli space is the disjoint union of three generically smooth irreducible components MIa, MIb, MII of dimension 4, 4, 3, respectively.
Ergodic Properties of Randomly Coloured Point Sets
Authors: Müller Peter , Richard Christoph 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe provide a framework for studying randomly coloured point sets in a locally compact second-countable space on which a metrizable unimodular group acts continuously and properly. We first construct and describe an appropriate dynamical system for uniformly discrete uncoloured point sets. For point sets of finite local complexity, we characterize ergodicity geometrically in terms of pattern frequencies. The general framework allows us to incorporate a random colouring of the point sets. We derive an ergodic theorem for randomly coloured point sets with finite-range dependencies. Special attention is paid to the exclusion of exceptional instances for uniquely ergodic systems. The setup allows for a straightforward application to randomly coloured graphs
Real Dimension Groups
Authors: Handelman David 
Published: April 2012

AbstractDimension groups (not countable) that are also real ordered vector spaces can be obtained as direct limits (over directed sets) of simplicial real vector spaces (finite dimensional vector spaces with the coordinatewise ordering), but the directed set is not as interesting as one would like; for instance, it is not true that a countable-dimensional real vector space that has interpolation can be represented as such a direct limit over a countable directed set. It turns out this is the case when the group is additionally simple, and it is shown that the latter have an ordered tensor product decomposition. In an appendix, we provide a huge class of polynomial rings that, with a pointwise ordering, are shown to satisfy interpolation, extending a result outlined by Fuchs.
Molecular Spintronics Based on Single‐Molecule Magnets Composed of Multiple‐Decker Phthalocyaninato Terbium(III) Complex
Authors: Katoh Keiichi , Isshiki Hironari , Komeda Tadahiro , Yamashita Masahiro 
Published: April 2012

AbstractUnlike electronics, which is based on the freedom of the charge of an electron whose memory is volatile, spintronics is based on the freedom of the charge, spin, and orbital of an electron whose memory is non‐volatile. Although in most GMR, TMR, and CMR systems, bulk or classical magnets that are composed of transition metals are used, this Focus Review considers the growing use of single‐molecule magnets (SMMs) that are composed of multinuclear metal complexes and nanosized magnets, which exhibit slow magnetic‐relaxation processes and quantum tunneling. Molecular spintronics, which combines spintronics and molecular electronics, is an emerging field of research. Using molecules is advantageous because their electronic and magnetic properties can be manipulated under specific conditions. Herein, recent developments in [LnPc]‐based multiple‐decker SMMs on surfaces for molecular spintronic devices are presented. First, we discuss the strategies for preparing single‐molecular‐memory devices by using SMMs. Next, we focus on the switching of the Kondo signal of [LnPc]‐based multiple‐decker SMMs that are adsorbed onto surfaces, their characterization by using STM and STS, and the relationship between the molecular structure, the electronic structure, and the Kondo resonance of [TbPc2]. Finally, the field‐effect‐transistor (FET) properties of surface‐adsorbed [LnPc2] and [Ln2Pc3] cast films are reported, which is the first step towards controlling SMMs through their spins for applications in single‐molecular memory and spintronics devices.
Revisiting the Specificity of an α‐(1→4)‐Mannosyltransferase Involved in Mycobacterial Methylmannose Polysaccharide Biosynthesis
Authors: Xia Li , Zheng Ruixiang Blake , Lowary Todd L. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn order to evaluate the proposed biosynthetic pathway for the methylmannose (MMPs) polysaccharides produced by mycobacteria, two homologous series of synthetic α‐(1→4)‐linked 3‐O‐methyl‐mannopyranosides, one terminated at the non‐reducing end by a free mannopyranose residue (unmethylated oligosaccharides; OS) and the other terminated by a 3‐O‐methyl‐mannopyranose residue (methylated OS), were prepared and evaluated as potential acceptors of an α‐(1→4)‐mannosyltransferase. Using a mycobacterial membrane preparation as the source of the transferase, it was found that unmethylated OS are better substrates for the enzyme compared to the methylated OS of the same length. These results are inconsistent with the proposed MMP biosynthetic pathway, which suggests only methylated OS are acceptors of this transferase. To confirm that the observed activity arose from the desired α‐(1→4)‐mannosyltransferase, as opposed to other mannosyltransferases present in the membrane preparation, the products resulting from tetrasaccharides 4 (unmethylated OS) and 9 (methylated OS), which only differ in the terminal residue, were further analyzed. MALDI‐MS, exo‐glycosidase digestion and 1H NMR spectroscopy were used to evaluate the structures of these reaction products. These experiments revealed that the enzymatic products of both 4 and 9 contain only α‐(1→4)‐linked mannose residues, confirming the activity of the α‐(1→4)‐mannosyltransferase. This supports the finding that both methylated and unmethylated OS are acceptors of the enzyme. It was also demonstrated that a homologous series of oligosaccharides with different number of mannose residues were formed from both 4 and 9, as opposed to a single reaction product. These results, again, challenge the previously proposed MMP biosynthetic pathway involving alternating methylation and mannosylation reactions.
Outcomes in patients with renal impairment undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention and implantation of the Endeavor zotarolimus‐eluting stent: 1‐ and 2‐year data from the E‐Five Registry
Authors: Rothman Martin T. , Jain Ajay K. ,   for the E‐Five Registry Investigators
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjectivesRenal impairment (RI) is a predictor of poor outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease, but its influence in the setting of percutaneous coronary intervention and zotarolimus‐eluting stent (ZES) implantation has not been described. This study evaluated the impact of RI on clinical outcomes in patients participating in the E‐Five Registry. Background: E‐Five was a prospective, multicenter, global registry of 8,314 patients; 2,116 patients were followed to 2 years.MethodsPatients (excluding those who had undergone renal transplantation) were grouped according to renal function (normal function/mild RI, serum creatinine <110 μmol/L; moderate RI, 110–200 μmol/L; severe RI, >200 μmol/L) and their outcomes evaluated retrospectively. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE; i.e., death, myocardial infarction, emergency cardiac bypass surgery, or target lesion revascularization) and stent thrombosis events at 1 and 2 years were compared between groups.ResultsThe 1‐year MACE rate in patients with mild RI was 6.8%, compared with 8.9 and 18.1% in patients with moderate and severe RI (P = 0.002 across groups). At 2 years, death occurred in 16% of those with severe RI, compared with 2.0 and 4.7% in those with mild and moderate RI (P = 0.002). There was no significant difference in the rates of target lesion revascularization or target vessel failure.ConclusionsGreater severity of RI at intervention is associated with greater mortality and MACE but unchanged revascularization rates after ZES implantation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dual‐Luminophore‐Labeled Gold Nanoparticles with Completely Resolved Emission for the Simultaneous Imaging of MMP‐2 and MMP‐7 in Living Cells under Single Wavelength Excitation
Authors: Wang Xu , Xia Yanqing , Liu Yuanyuan , Qi Wenxue , Sun Qianqian , Zhao Qian , Tang Bo 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAlthough considerable effort has been devoted to the design of various nanoprobes for the fluorescent detection of multiple biomarkers in a single assay, they often suffer from emission‐overlapping, owing to small Stokes shifts and wide emission spectra, which results in cross‐talk and inaccurate quantification. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of a new nanoprobe for multienzyme detection with completely resolved emission peaks under single‐wavelength excitation. The probe was assembled by attaching a cleavable peptide spacer, which was comprised from a matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2) substrate and a MMP‐7 substrate, onto the surface of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) through cysteine residues. A lanthanide complex, BCTOT‐EuIII (BCTOT=1,10‐bis(5′‐chlorosulfo‐thiophene‐2′‐yl)‐4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7‐octafluorodecane‐1,3,8,10‐tetraone), and 7‐amino‐4‐methylcoumarin (AMC) were attached to the N terminus and the C terminus of the peptide, respectively. In the presence of one or both targeting enzymes, the substrate was cleaved and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the dyes and AuNPs was prohibited, thereby resulting in the dramatic fluorescence emission of dyes. Importantly, there was no emission cross‐talk between the two dyes, thereby ensuring accurate detection of each enzyme. Based on this, the simultaneous fluorescence image of MMP‐2 and MMP‐7 was accomplished in living cells under single wavelength excitation. The apparent differences in the fluorescence imaging indicated distinct differences between the expression levels of MMPs between the human normal liver cells and the human hepatoma cells.
Chromatographic comparison of atenolol separation in reaction media on cellulose tris‐(3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase using ultra fast liquid chromatography
Authors: Agustian Joni , Kamaruddin Azlina Harun , Aboul‐Enein Hassan Y. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBecause chiral liquid chromatography (LC) could become a powerful tool to estimate racemic atenolol quantity, excellent enantiomeric separation should be produced during data acquisition for satisfactory observation of atenolol concentrations throughout the racemic resolution processes. Selection of chiral LC column and analytical protocol that fulfill demands of the ultra fast LC analysis is essential. This article describes the characteristics of atenolol chromatographic separation that resulted from different resolution media and analytical protocols with the use of a Chiralcel® OD column. The chromatograms showed quite different characteristics of the separation process. The single enantiomer and racemic atenolol could be recognized by the Chiralcel® OD column in less than 20 min. Symmetrical peaks were obtained; however, several protocols produced peaks with wide bases and slanted baselines. Observations showed that efficient enantioresolution of racemic atenolol was obtained at slow mobile phase flow rate, decreased concentration of amine‐type modifier but increased alcohol content in mobile phase and highest ultraviolet detection wavelength were required. The optimal ultra fast LC protocol enables to reduce and eliminate the peaks of either the atenolol solvent or the buffers and provided the highest peak intensities of both atenolol enantiomers. Chirality 24:356–367, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of 2‐(3‐(3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)thioureido)‐3‐((dimethylamino)methyl)camphor organocatalysts
Authors: Grošelj Uroš , Ričko Sebastjan , Svete Jurij , Stanovnik Branko 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn a stereo‐divergent synthesis, three novel camphor‐derived bifunctional thiourea organocatalysts 7, 8, 9 have been prepared in five steps starting from (+)‐camphor. In addition, borneol‐derived bifunctional thiourea organocatalysts 19/19’ have been prepared in three steps from (1S)‐(+)‐camphorquinone. Novel organocatalysts 7, 8, 9, 19/19’ have been evaluated in a model reaction of Michael addition of dimethyl malonate to trans‐β‐nitrostyrene with low to moderate enantioselectivities (20%–60% ee). Configuration of all novel compounds has been meticulously determined using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. Chirality 24:412–419, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of residual CD34+Ph+ progenitor cells in chronic myeloid leukemia patients who have complete cytogenetic response during first‐line nilotinib therapy
Authors: Defina Marzia , Ippoliti Micaela , Gozzetti Alessandro , Abruzzese Elisabetta , Castagnetti Fausto , Crupi Rosaria , Tiribelli Mario , Breccia Massimo , Salvucci Marzia , Aprile Lara , Baratè Claudia , Gozzini Antonella , Rosti Gianantonio , Lauria Francesco , Bocchia Monica 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Compared with imatinib, nilotinib is a potent breakpoint cluster region/v‐abl Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene (bcr‐abl) kinase inhibitor, and it induces higher rate and rapid complete cytogenetic response (CCyR), yet no clinical data are available regarding its efficacy against chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) stem cells. Earlier studies demonstrated that clusters of differentiation 34–positive, Philadelphia chromosome–positive (CD34+Ph+) cells are detectable in about 45% of patients with CML, despite being on long‐term imatinib therapy and having achieved sustained CCyR.METHODS:CD34+ cells from bone marrow of de novo CML patients in the chronic phase (n = 24) treated with nilotinib (median duration of therapy, 22 months) were isolated and scored for BCR‐ABL by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. Similar analysis was also performed in 5 de novo CML chronic phase patients who achieved CCyR within 3 months of nilotinib therapy.RESULTS:FISH evaluation of a median of 100 CD34+ nuclei per patient revealed that only 1 of 20 (5%) evaluable patients showed residual Ph+ progenitor cells. In this patient, just 1 of 140 (0.7%) CD34+ interphase nuclei was found to be positive for BCR‐ABL. Surprisingly, no CD34+Ph+ cells were found even in those 5 patients evaluated after 3 months of nilotinib treatment.CONCLUSIONS:This study assessed for the first time the persistence of CD34+Ph+ cells during nilotinib first‐line treatment. Preliminary results showed that in patients in CCyR, even after short‐term nilotinib therapy, residual leukemic progenitors are very rarely detected compared with imatinib‐treated CCyR patients. It is yet to be determined if these findings will have an impact in the path to a cure of CML with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.