bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urinary Tract Infection: Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of the Initial UTI in Febrile Infants and Children 2 to 24 Months
Authors: Roberts Kenneth B. ,   Subcommittee on Urinary Tract Infection, Steering Committee on Quality Improvement and Management
Published: August 2011

This Clinical Practice Guideline was retired May 2021.

OBJECTIVE:
To revise the American Academy of Pediatrics practice parameter regarding the diagnosis and management of initial urinary tract infections (UTIs) in febrile infants and young children.

METHODS:
Analysis of the medical literature published since the last version of the guideline was supplemented by analysis of data provided by authors of recent publications. The strength of evidence supporting each recommendation and the strength of the recommendation were assessed and graded.

RESULTS:
Diagnosis is made on the basis of the presence of both pyuria and at least 50 000 colonies per mL of a single uropathogenic organism in an appropriately collected specimen of urine. After 7 to 14 days of antimicrobial treatment, close clinical follow-up monitoring should be maintained to permit prompt diagnosis and treatment of recurrent infections. Ultrasonography of the kidneys and bladder should be performed to detect anatomic abnormalities. Data from the most recent 6 studies do not support the use of antimicrobial prophylaxis to prevent febrile recurrent UTI in infants without vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) or with grade I to IV VUR. Therefore, a voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) is not recommended routinely after the first UTI; VCUG is indicated if renal and bladder ultrasonography reveals hydronephrosis, scarring, or other findings that would suggest either high-grade VUR or obstructive uropathy and in other atypical or complex clinical circumstances. VCUG should also be performed if there is a recurrence of a febrile UTI. The recommendations in this guideline do not indicate an exclusive course of treatment or serve as a standard of care; variations may be appropriate. Recommendations about antimicrobial prophylaxis and implications for performance of VCUG are based on currently available evidence. As with all American Academy of Pediatrics clinical guidelines, the recommendations will be reviewed routinely and incorporate new evidence, such as data from the Randomized Intervention for Children With Vesicoureteral Reflux (RIVUR) study.

CONCLUSIONS:
Changes in this revision include criteria for the diagnosis of UTI and recommendations for imaging.
First Findings of Acanthocephalans Arhythmorhynchus Invaginabilis, Southwellina Hispida (Acanthocephales, Polymorphidae) Plagiorhynchus (Plagiorhynchus) Odhneri (Acanthocephales, Plagiorhynchidae) in the Intermediate Hosts
Authors: Lisitsyna O. 
Published: August 2011

First Findings of AcanthocephalansArhythmorhynchus Invaginabilis, Southwellina Hispida(Acanthocephales, Polymorphidae)Plagiorhynchus(Plagiorhynchus)Odhneri(Acanthocephales, Plagiorhynchidae) in the Intermediate HostsThe acanthocaphalan larvae ofArhythmorhynchus invaginabilis, Southwellina hispida, Plagiorhynchus (Plagiorhynchus) odhneri, parasites of waterfowl, were found for the first time in intermediate hosts, amphipods of the family Tallitridae. Larvae are described, drawn and and photomicrographed.
A New Species of the Genus Trouessartia (Analgoidea, Trouessartiidae) from Ukraine
Authors: Burdejnaja S. , Kivganov D. 
Published: August 2011

A New Species of the Genus Trouessartia (Analgoidea, Trouessartiidae) from Ukraine
Trouessartia phylloscopi sp. n. from Willow Warbler Phylloscopus trochilus Linnaeus, 1758 (Passeriformes) (type locality: Zmeinij Island, Ukraine) is described. The new species is morphologically similar to T. microcaudata Mironov, 1983 from Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica Linnaeus, 1758.
New Data on the Signal Flies of the Genus Platystoma (Diptera, Platystomatidae) in the Fauna of Iran
Authors: Namin S. 
Published: August 2011

New Data on the Signal Flies of the Genus Platystoma (Diptera, Platystomatidae) in the Fauna of Iran
As a result of studies of the signal flies in Iran, 5 species of the genus Platystoma Meigen (P. chrysotoxum Hendel, P. dimidiatum Hendel, P. elegans Hendel, P. pubescens Loew and P. rufipes Meigen) are recorded for the first time for Iranian fauna.
Service Oriented Architectural Model for Load Flow Analysis in Power Systems
Authors: Muthu Balasingh , Veilumuthu Ramachandran , Ponnusamy Lakshmi 
Published: August 2011

Service Oriented Architectural Model for Load Flow Analysis in Power Systems
The main objective of this paper is to develop the Service Oriented Architectural (SOA) Model for representation of power systems, especially of computing load flow analysis of large interconnected power systems. The proposed SOA model has three elements namely load flow service provider, power systems registry and client. The exchange of data using XML makes the power system services standardized and adaptable. The load flow service is provided by the service provider, which is published in power systems registry for enabling universal visibility and access to the service. The message oriented style of SOA using Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) makes the service provider and the power systems client to exist in a loosely coupled environment. This proposed model, portraits the load flow services as Web services in service oriented environment. To suit the power system industry needs, it easily integrates with the Web applications which enables faster power system operations.
Accreditation - an external assessment of quality and safety of health care treatments in health care institutions
Authors: Simčič Biserka , Ceglar Jakob , Marušič Dorjan 
Published: August 2011

Akreditacija - zunanja presoja kakovosti in varnosti zdravstvenih obravnav v zdravstvenih ustanovah
V letu 2010 je Ministrstvo za zdravje pripravilo Nacionalno strategijo kakovosti in varnosti, katerega del je tudi strateški cilji Razvoj sistematičnega vodenja kakovosti in varnosti, eden izmed izvedbenih ciljev pa vzpostavitev sistema akreditacije zdravstvenih zavodov. Prispevek opisuje namen nacionalne strategije in pomen sistematičnega pristopa k doseganju višje ravni kakovosti in varnosti zdravstvenih obravnav. V tem okviru je poudarjena zunanja presoja, znotraj te pa pomen akreditacije.
La santé dans les pays en développement Défaillances de l'aide, équité et légitimité
Authors: Barry Mamadou , Boidin Bruno , Tizio Stéphane 
Published: August 2011

The aim of this article is to study the efficiency of health aid through an analysis of recommendations made by those working in development assistance. The central focus concerns the legitimacy of these recommendations. We show that recent directions in health aid still neglect equity and sustainability issues. We also discuss how to introduce ethical considerations into health aid.Spanish
Este artículo examina las condiciones de la eficiencia de la ayuda para la salud, dadas las opciones de políticas de salud preconizadas por los actores de la ayuda al desarrollo. La pregunta sobre la legitimidad de estas preconizaciones constituye el centro de la reflexión. El artículo muestra que las recientes orientaciones en la ayuda al desarrollo en el campo de la salud dejan de lado asuntos de equidad y sostenibilidad de las políticas. En este contexto se proponen pistas que permitan introducir consideraciones éticas en la ayuda a la salud.French
Cet article s'interroge sur les conditions d'efficacité de l'aide à la santé compte tenu des options de politiques de santé préconisées par les acteurs de l'aide au développement. La question de la légitimité de ces préconisations est au cœur de notre réflexion. Nous montrons que les orientations récentes de l'aide au développement dans le domaine de la santé négligent toujours les questions d'équité et de soutenabilité des politiques. Nous proposons alors des pistes perme ant d'introduire des considérations éthiques dans l'aide à la santé.
Simultaneous Determination of Amlodipine and Valsartan
Authors: Mohamed Nashwah Gadallah 
Published: August 2011

A spectrophotometric method was developed for simultaneous determination of amlodipine (Aml) and valsartan (Val) without previous separation. In this method amlodipine in methanolic solution was determined using zero order UV spectrophotometry by measuring its absorbency at 360.5 nm without any interference from valsartan. Valsartan spectrum in zero order is totally overlapped with that of amlodipine. First, second and third derivative could not resolve the overlapped peaks. The first derivative of the ratio spectra technique was applied for the measurement of valsartan. The ratio spectrum was obtained by dividing the absorption spectrum of the mixture by that of amlodipine, so that the concentration of valsartan could be determined from the first derivative of the ratio spectrum at 290 nm. Quantification limits of amlodipine and valsartan were 10-80 μg/ml and 20-180 μg/ml respectively. The method was successfully applied for the quantitative determination of both drugs in bulk powder and pharmaceutical formulation.
Sharp Threshold of the Gross-Pitaevskii Equation with Trapped Dipolar Quantum Gases
Authors: Ma Li , Wang Jing 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the Gross-Pitaevskii equation for the trapped dipolar quantum gases. We obtain the sharp criterion for the global existence and finite time blow-up in the unstable regime by constructing a variational problem and the so-called invariant manifold of the evolution flow.
Certain Properties of K0-monoids Preserved by Tracial Approximation
Authors: Fan Qingzhai 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe show that the following K0-monoid properties of C*-algebras in the class are inherited by simple unital C*-algebras in the class TAΩ: (1) weak comparability, (2) strictly unperforated, (3) strictly cancellative.
Exploring the Meanings of Making Traditional Arts and Crafts among Older Women in Crete, Using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis
Authors: Tzanidaki Despina , Reynolds Frances 
Published: August 2011

Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the meanings of making traditional arts and crafts among older, retired women living in rural Crete, and the contribution of these occupations to wellbeing. Previous relevant research, conducted mainly in the United Kingdom and United States, had largely neglected the experiences of art-making in societies with strong cultural traditions of art-making. Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted in Greek to collect qualitative accounts from 12 women aged over 65 years. The data were interpreted according to published guidelines for interpretative phenomenological analysis. Findings: The women identified various forms of art-making that were indigenous, such as weaving, lace-making and painting holy icons. They expressed deep respect for artistic traditions and took pride in preserving and teaching traditional skills and designs. They perceived art-making as promoting continuity of self, social status and spiritual wellbeing. Art-making was also used as a coping strategy for the challenges of later life, such as bereavement. Conclusion: Older women in Crete valued their involvement in traditional forms of art-making. These occupations enhanced wellbeing in several ways. Participants gained status, and a culturally recognised role in the community, from preserving and transmitting the skills required for indigenous forms of art and craft work.
Interrater Reliability of the Road Law and Road Craft Test as Part of the OT-DORA Battery for Off-Road Driver Assessment
Authors: Unsworth Carolyn A , Pallant Julie F , Russell Kay , Odell Morris , Coulson Melissa 
Published: August 2011

Background: The Occupational Therapy Driver Off Road Assessment (OT-DORA) Battery is in development as a comprehensive off-road evaluation of fitness to drive. Although several psychometric properties of the Road Law and Road Craft Test (RLRCT) have been previously studied, interrater reliability must also be established to include this test in the battery. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the interrater reliability of the RLRCT. Method: Three occupational therapy driver assessors independently scored 20 client responses on the 14-item RLRCT. Results: The interrater reliability for all items, except item 6, was found to be between 0.57 and 1.00. The scoring instructions for item 6 were revised and the interrater reliability rose from 0.42 to 0.77. Conclusion: The RLRCT has been found to be reliable when administered by different raters and is thus suitable for inclusion in the OT-DORA Battery. Ongoing research to confirm the psychometric properties of the RLRCT is required.
The Effectiveness of Occupational Performance Outcome Measures within Mental Health Practice
Authors: Fuller Kate 
Published: August 2011

Introduction: The routine use of outcome measures is essential to the maintained delivery of quality care and the continued commissioning of mental health occupational therapy services. Occupational therapists are required to demonstrate that intervention is successful in an evidence-based, valid and reliable way. Therefore, this critical review aims to address the issue of choosing an appropriate occupational performance outcome measure for use within mental health services. Method: Evidence was critically appraised for the effectiveness of the Assessment of Communication and Interaction Skills (ACIS), Occupational Therapy Task Observation Scale (OTTOS), Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) and Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS), all recommended for use by occupational therapists within mental health practice. Findings and discussion: The review identifies that there are a limited number of clinically based studies evidencing the validity and reliability of occupational performance outcome measures. It also identifies a paucity of literature concerning service user experience of outcome measures, bringing into question how client centred and meaningful these tools are.
Linking past flood frequencies in Norway to regional atmospheric circulation anomalies
Authors: Støren Eivind N. , Kolstad Erik W. , Paasche Øyvind 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAnalysis of two continuous, high‐resolution palaeo‐flood records from southern Norway reveals that the frequency of extreme flood events has changed significantly during the Holocene. During the early and middle Holocene, flood frequency was low; by contrast, it was high over the last 2300 years when the mean flood frequency was about 2.5–3.0 per century. The present regional discharge regime is dominated by spring/summer snowmelt, and our results indicate that the changing flood frequency cannot be explained by local conditions associated with the respective catchments of the two lakes, but rather long‐term variations of solid winter precipitation and related snowmelt. Applying available instrumental winter precipitation data and associated sea‐level pressure re‐analysis data as a modern analogue, we document that atmospheric circulation anomalies, significantly different from the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), have some potential in explaining the variability of the two different palaeo‐flood records. Centennial‐scale patterns in shifting flood frequency might be indicative of shifts in atmospheric circulation and shed light on palaeo‐pressure variations in the North Atlantic region, in areas not influenced by the NAO. Major shifts are found at about 2300, 1200 and 200 years ago (cal. a BP). Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chronostratigraphy and lake-level changes of Laguna Cari-Laufquén, Río Negro, Argentina
Authors: Cartwright Alyson , Quade Jay , Stine Scott , Adams Kenneth D. , Broecker Wallace , Cheng Hai 
Published: August 2011

AbstractEvidence from shoreline and deep-lake sediments show Laguna Cari-Laufquén, located at 41°S in central Argentina, rose and fell repeatedly during the late Quaternary. Our results show that a deep (> 38 m above modern lake level) lake persisted from no later than 28 ka to 19 ka, with the deepest lake phase from 27 to 22 ka. No evidence of highstands is found after 19 ka until the lake rose briefly in the last millennia to 12 m above the modern lake, before regressing to present levels. Laguna Cari-Laufquén broadly matches other regional records in showing last glacial maximum (LGM) highstands, but contrasts with sub-tropical lake records in South America where the hydrologic maximum occurred during deglaciation (17–10 ka). Our lake record from Cari-Laufquén mimics that of high-latitude records from the Northern Hemisphere. This points to a common cause for lake expansions, likely involving some combination of temperature depression and intensification of storminess in the westerlies belt of both hemispheres during the LGM.
Hunter-Gatherers in a Howling Wilderness: Farming economic systems for human needs
Authors: Wallace Rodrick 
Published: August 2011

AbstractRecent advances in evolutionary theory applied to economic structure and process may permit construction of both new economic theory and new tools for data analysis that can help in the design of more robust economic policies and practices, resulting in less frequent and less disruptive Knightian transitions, and enabling as well the design of institutions that are, in turn, less disrupted by those that do occur.
Theoretical studies in the molecular Platonic solids: Pure and mixed carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and silicon tetrahedranes
Authors: Rayne Sierra , Forest Kaya 
Published: August 2011

AbstractCalculations were conducted at the G4MP2 and G4 composite method levels of theory on the 35 potential carbon, nitrogen, silicon, and phosphorus tetrahedrane derivatives with the general form C~a~N~b~Si~c~P~d~H~(4-b-d)~ (where a+b+c+d=4). At both levels of theory, optimized electronic ground state neutral singlet gas phase (298.15 K, 1 atm) geometries were obtained for 24 of the 35 possible C/N/Si/P tetrahedrane derivatives. Corresponding enthalpies of formation were calculated using the atomization method. Triplet state neutral tetrahedron starting geometries for all compounds either resulted in cage opening or failed to converge. Only 9 cationic and 3 anionic forms converged to stable geometries that retained the tetrahedron cage and were absent imaginary frequencies, thereby allowing the calculation of adiabatic ionization energies and electron affinities.
Monte Carlo‐based simulation of dynamic jaws tomotherapy
Authors: Sterpin E. , Chen Y. , Chen Q. , Lu W. , Mackie T. R. , Vynckier S. 
Published: August 2011

Purpose: Original TomoTherapy systems may involve a trade‐off between conformity and treatment speed, the user being limited to three slice widths (1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 cm). This could be overcome by allowing the jaws to define arbitrary fields, including very small slice widths (<1 cm), which are challenging for a beam model. The aim of this work was to incorporate the dynamic jaws feature into a Monte Carlo (MC) model called TomoPen, based on the MC codePENELOPE, previously validated for the original TomoTherapy system.Methods:To keep the general structure of TomoPen and its efficiency, the simulation strategy introduces several techniques: (1) weight modifiers to account for any jaw settings using only the 5 cm phase‐space file; (2) a simplified MC based model called FastStatic to compute the modifiers faster than pure MC; (3) actual simulation of dynamic jaws. Weight modifiers computed with both FastStatic and pure MC were compared. Dynamic jaws simulations were compared with the convolution/superposition (C/S) of TomoTherapy in the “cheese” phantom for a plan with two targets longitudinally separated by a gap of 3 cm. Optimization was performed in two modes: asymmetric jaws‐constant couch speed (“running start stop,” RSS) and symmetric jaws‐variable couch speed (“symmetric running start stop,” SRSS). Measurements with EDR2 films were also performed for RSS for the formal validation of TomoPen with dynamic jaws.Results: Weight modifiers computed with FastStatic were equivalent to pure MC within statistical uncertainties (0.5% for three standard deviations). Excellent agreement was achieved between TomoPen and C/S for both asymmetric jaw opening/constant couch speed and symmetric jaw opening/variable couch speed, with deviations well within 2%/2 mm. For RSS procedure, agreement between C/S and measurements was within 2%/2 mm for 95% of the points and 3%/3 mm for 98% of the points, where dose is greater than 30% of the prescription dose (gamma analysis). Dose profiles acquired in transverse and longitudinal directions through the center of the phantom were also compared with excellent agreement (2%/2 mm) between all modalities.Conclusions:The combination of weights modifiers and interpolation allowed implementing efficiently dynamic jaws and dynamic couch features into TomoPen at a minimal cost in terms of efficiency (simulation around 8 h on a single CPU).
Dominant convict cichlids (Amatitlania nigrofasciata) grow faster than subordinates when fed an equal ration
Authors: Grant James W.A. , Lee Gavin , Comolli Perry 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPrevious studies indicate that dominant fish grow faster than subordinate fish when fed equal rations. It is unclear, however, whether this growth differential is caused by intrinsic differences related to their propensity to become dominant, or by the extrinsic effect of the social stress experienced by subordinates. We first tested whether dominant convict cichlids (Amatitlania nigrofasciata) grew faster than subordinates when fed an equal amount of food. Second, we tested whether the growth advantage of dominants occurred when only visual interactions were allowed between pairs of fish. Third, we randomly assigned social status to the fish to rule out the possibility that intrinsic differences between fish were responsible for both the establishment of dominance and the growth differences. In three separate experiments, dominant fish grew faster than size-matched subordinate convict cichlids, but the growth advantage of dominants was higher when there were direct interactions between fish compared to only visual interactions. Our results provide strong support for the hypothesis that the slower growth rate of subordinate fish was due to the physiological costs of stress.
Rapid search for genetic differentiation of populations: application to the European pond turtle
Authors: Pieau Claude , Girondot Marc , Servan Jean 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA strategy has been developed to screen very rapidly many individuals and loci in one step to screen for qualitative genetic difference among different populations. Genomic DNAs of individuals are digested with a restriction enzyme and then pooled according to the phenotypic character to genetically characterize. After electrophoresis on the same gel of the different DNA pools, the DNA fragments are hybridized with synthetic oligonucleotides of 4 base repeats. The hybridization patterns obtained with the different pools of DNA are compared and are used as references to analyze the individual profiles. This strategy was used to screen the genetic structure of several breeding groups of the European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis) from department of Indre (Brenne region), and Var, both in France at 4 geographic scales. The results are concordant with those obtained using morphological and mtDNA data.