bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality of Life (QOL) of patients with Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome
Authors: Elstner K. , Selai C. E. , Trimble M. R. , Robertson M. M. 
Published: August 2010

Objective:  This is the first study to investigate the Quality of Life (QOL) of patients with Gilles de la Tourette's Syndrome (GTS). Method:  One hundred and three out‐patients with GTS completed a semi‐structured interview and 90 of these completed questionnaires screening for depression, anxiety and obsessive‐compulsive behaviour. QOL was measured with the SF‐36 and the Quality of Life Assessment Schedule (QOLAS). Results:  Patients with GTS showed significantly worse QOL than a general population sample. They had better QOL than patients with intractable epilepsy as measured by the QOLAS, although the SF‐36 showed significant differences on the subscales Role Limitation due to physical problems and Social Functioning only. Factors influencing QOL domains were employment status, tic severity, obsessive‐compulsive behaviour, anxiety and depression. Conclusion:  QOL is impaired in patients with GTS. Measurement of QOL could be used alongside conventional measurements to assess benefit of treatment. We recommend the QOLAS and SF‐36 be used.
Benefits from mianserin augmentation of fluoxetine in patients with major depression non‐responders to fluoxetine alone
Authors: Ferreri M. , Lavergne F. , Berlin I. , Payan C. , Puech A. J. 
Published: August 2010

Objective: To assess, in depressed patients, the clinical benefit of mianserin augmentation of fluoxetine or the the benefit of switching treatment from fluoxetine to mianserin.Method: In a 6‐week double‐blind study we compared the therapeutic efficiency and tolerance of mianserin 60 mg/day (N=34), mianserin 60 mg/day plus fluoxetine 20 mg/day (N=32) and continuing fluoxetine 20 mg/day (N=38) in patients with major depression who did not respond to previous fluoxetine treatment.Results: Intent‐to‐treat analysis showed that at week 6 the decrease in the Hamilton Depression rating scale score was significantly (P0.03) greater in the mianserin plus fluoxetine group when compared to the fluoxetine group (effect size 0.665). Switching from fluoxetine to mianserin gave intermediate results. Mianserin augmentation of fluoxetine was well tolerated.Conclusion: Mianserin augmentation of fluoxetine in patients non‐responders to fluoxetine 20 mg/day increases response to treatment and is well tolerated.
Out‐patient behaviour therapy in alcoholism: impact of personality disorders and cognitive impairments
Authors: Wölwer W. , Burtscheidt W. , Redner C. , Schwarz R. , Gaebel W. 
Published: August 2010

Objective: We investigated whether alcoholic patients with comorbid personality disorders and those with cognitive impairments would benefit in a different way from different behaviour therapy strategies. Method: After detoxification, 120 alcoholics were assigned randomly to one of three out‐patient treatment programmes comprising ‘coping skills training’, ‘cognitive behaviour therapy’ or unspecific supportive control therapy. Personality disorders and cognitive impairments were assessed at the beginning of the 6‐month treatment period. Results: The impact of concomitant personality disorders or cognitive impairments was generally only moderate and mainly independent from treatment condition. However, alcoholic patients relapsing within 6 months after detoxification showed a higher rate of personality disorders (especially antisocial and borderline) and slightly more cognitive deficits (especially in verbal memory and visuomotor functions) than abstainers even before therapy. Conclusion: The high amount of early relapses and drop‐outs probably hindered larger differentiated treatment effects. Hypotheses will be retested in treatment completers using forthcoming follow‐up data.
Out‐patient behaviour therapy in alcoholism: relapse rates after 6 months
Authors: Burtscheidt W. , Wölwer W. , Schwarz R. , Strauss W. , Löll A. , Lüthcke H. , Redner C. , Gaebel W. 
Published: August 2010

Objective: In spite of the increasing interest in out‐patient treatment programmes for alcoholics, there still exist only a few experimental studies on this issue. In this still ongoing study the efficacy of different behaviour therapy strategies is to be examined. Method: One hundred and twenty patients were assigned randomly to non‐specific supportive therapy or to two forms of behavioural therapy (coping skills training and cognitive therapy). Behavioural treatment comprised 26 weekly sessions; follow‐up examinations will take place every 6 months over 2 years. Results: Patients undergoing behavioural therapy showed less drop‐outs and significantly higher rates of abstinence compared with supportive treatment. Nevertheless, statistically significant differences between the two behavioural therapy strategies could not be established so far. Conclusion: Preliminary results demonstrate the feasibility and efficacy of behaviour therapy programmes in the out‐patient treatment of alcoholism. Furthermore, they stress the importance of professional psychiatric and psychotherapeutic engagement in the field of addiction.
The reliability of compliance assessments performed by doctors and patients during neuroleptic treatment: a comparison of compliance ratings
Authors: Kampman Olli , Lehtinen Klaus , Lassila Vesa 
Published: August 2010

Objective: To compare compliance assessments made by doctors and patients during neuroleptic drug treatment and to detect any variables explaining the discrepancies between their ratings. Method: Compliance reports regarding neuroleptic medication were collected from 100 in‐patients and out‐patients and from their doctors. Re‐ratings were performed after 1–2 weeks. Compliance ratings were compared with demographic, treatment and symptom‐related variables and with the Attitudes to Neuroleptic Treatment (ANT) questionnaire using logistic regression analysis. Results: The doctors' and patients' compliance ratings showed good test–retest reliability (r=0.80, doctors; r=0.81, patients) and concordance (79% of the cases within the limits of ±25%‐units deviation). Variables explaining discrepancies between the ratings included female gender, a low level of education, the diagnosis of mania, a high neuroleptic dose and several items from the ANT scale. Conclusion: Manic episodes, negative attitudes to neuroleptic medication and a high‐dose treatment increase the risk for deviating views of compliance in the doctor–patient relationship.
Psychiatric morbidity and the presence and absence of angiographic coronary disease in patients with chest pain
Authors: Valkamo M. , Hintikka J. , Niskanen L. , Viinamäki H. 
Published: August 2010

Objective:  To assess psychiatric morbidity in coronary angiogram patients. Method:  A psychiatric assessment of 200 consecutive chest‐pain patients was performed the day before coronary angiography in a double‐blind study design. The sample included 132 men (mean age 57.2 years, SD 9.5) and 68 women (mean age 59.8 years, SD 8.9). A Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐III‐R was used to obtain psychiatric diagnosis. The 21‐item Beck Depression Inventory, the 20‐item Toronto Alexithymia Scale and a four‐item Life Satisfaction Scale were used to assess mental symptoms. A coronary angiography with obstruction of a coronary artery by more than 50% was considered to indicate angiographic coronary disease. Results:
Mental disorders were found in 28% (95% CI 14–41) of the patients with normal angiographic findings (n=47) and in 24% (95% CI 17 – 30) of the patients with angiographic coronary disease (n=153). Furthermore, no difference was found between these two groups in other rating scales assessing mental symptoms even when adjusted for the New York Heart Association class, duration of chest‐pain symptoms or exercise capacity. Conclusion:  Psychiatric morbidity may not be associated with angiographic findings in patients with chest pain.
Post‐dexamethasone cortisol correlates with severity of depression before and during carbamazepine treatment in women but not men
Authors: Osuch Elizabeth A. , Cora‐Locatelli Gabriela , Frye Mark A. , Huggins Teresa , Kimbrell Timothy A. , Ketter Terence A. , Callahan Ann M. , Post Robert M. 
Published: August 2010

Objective:  Previous studies show a state‐dependent relationship between depression and post‐dexamethasone suppression test (DST) cortisol level, as well as differences in DST response with age and gender. Method:  In this study, 74 research in‐patients with affective disorders were given the DST on placebo and in a subgroup following treatment with carbamazepine. Depression was evaluated twice daily with the Bunney–Hamburg (BH) rating scale. Data were examined for the total subject population, by gender and by menopausal status in women. Results:
A robust positive correlation was observed between depression severity and post‐DST cortisol in pre‐ and postmenopausal females, but not in males. This relationship persisted in women when restudied on a stable dose of carbamazepine (n=42). Conclusion:  The pathophysiological implications of this selective positive relationship between severity of depression and post‐DST cortisol in women, but not men, should be explored further.
Correlates of substance misuse in patients with first‐episode schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder
Authors: Sevy Serge , Robinson Delbert G. , Holloway Scott , Alvir Jose M. , Woerner Margaret G. , Bilder Robert , Goldman Robert , Lieberman Jeffrey , Kane John 
Published: August 2010

Objective: To identify factors associated with substance misuse in first‐episode patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Method: Twenty‐seven patients with a past or current history of substance misuse were compared with 91 patients with no history of misuse on demographic and psychopathological measures before being treated for their first episode of psychosis, and on cognitive measures after 6 months of treatment. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between groups for sex, schizophrenia subtype, marital status, education, family history of schizophrenia, course of illness, age of onset, baseline symptoms, time to treatment response, medication side effects, attention span, memory and executive functioning. However, dual diagnosis patients were found to have a higher parental social class, better premorbid cognitive functioning, higher IQ and better language skills. Conclusion: First‐episode patients with a history of substance misuse have higher intellectual functioning, which may be associated with higher premorbid socioeconomic status and cognitive functioning.
Illicit drug use in patients with psychotic disorders compared with that in the general population: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ringen P. A. , Melle I. , Birkenæs A. B. , Engh J. A. , Færden A. , Jónsdóttir H. , Nesvåg R. , Vaskinn A. , Friis S. , Larsen F. , Opjordsmoen S. , Sundet K. , Andreassen O. A. 
Published: August 2010

Objective:  Prevalence estimates of illicit drug use in psychotic disorders vary between studies, and only a few studies compared prevalence estimates with those in the general population.Method:  Cross‐sectional study comparing 148 stable‐phase patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder with 329 representative general citizens of Oslo. A total of 849 patients from the same hospital department in the same time period constituted a patient reference group.Results:  Lifetime illicit drug use was 44% higher (P < 0.001) in study patients than in the general population sample; while lifetime use of amphetamine/cocaine was 160% higher (P < 0.001). No differences were found between user groups for sociodemographic characteristics.Conclusion:  Patients with psychotic disorders in stable phase had a markedly higher lifetime use of any illicit substance, especially amphetamine/cocaine, than the general population. They also seemed to use drugs more periodically. The same sociodemographic characteristics were associated with increased illicit drug use in both groups.
Photographic scoring of gingival overgrowth
Authors: Ellis J. S. , Seymour R. A. , Robertson P. , Butler T. J. , Thomason J. M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackground: A wide range of methods have been employed to determine the severity of gingival overgrowth resulting in uncertainty regarding the prevalence of the side‐effect. There is no simple, non‐invasive, objective, blind method for assessing gingival overgrowth.Aim: This article aims to describe a method which is suitable for use in large‐scale population studies.Materials and Methods: Photographs were taken of the anterior, buccal gingivae and teeth of 925 patients medicated with calcium channel blockers. In addition, each patient was ascribed a clinical gingival overgrowth score. 100 patients had repeat photographs, and a further 10 patients had alginate impressions taken. The models were scored for severity of gingival overgrowth using a described technique. The slides were scored using a modification of this technique.Results: When photographic and study model scores were compared, photographic scores were consistently higher, and as a result, a photographic score of 38.6% was considered to represent a significant overgrowth. There was good agreement between clinically determined scores and photographic scores (κ=0.71).Conclusions: The results indicate that this method is suitable for large‐scale population studies where it also has the advantage of providing a continuous scale of gingival changes for subsequent statistical analysis.
Enamel matrix derivative and low‐level laser therapy in the treatment of intra‐bony defects: a randomized placebo‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Ozcelik Onur , Cenk Haytac Mehmet , Seydaoglu Gulsah 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the immediate post‐operative pain, wound healing and clinical results after the application of an enamel matrix protein derivative (EMD) alone or combined with a low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) for the treatment of deep intra‐bony defects.Material and Methods: This study was an intra‐individual longitudinal test of 12 months' duration conducted using a blinded, split‐mouth, placebo‐controlled and randomized design. In 22 periodontitis patients, one intra‐bony defect was randomly treated with EMD+LLLT, while EMD alone was applied to the contra‐lateral defect site. LLLT was used both intra‐ and post‐operatively. Clinical measurements were performed by a blinded periodontist at the time of surgery, in the first week and in the first, second, sixth and 12th month. Visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were recorded for pain assesment.Results: The results have shown that the treatment of intra‐bony defects with EMD alone or EMD+LLLT leads to probing depth reduction and attachment‐level gain. In addition, EMD+LLLT had resulted in less gingival recession (p<0.05), less swelling (p<0.001) and less VAS scores (p<0.02) compared with EMD alone.Conclusion: This study shows that EMD is an effective, safe and predictable biomaterial for periodontal regeneration and LLLT may improve the effects of EMD by reducing post‐operative complications.
Effects of habitat fragmentation: increased isolation and reduced habitat size reduces the incidence of dead wood fungi beetles in a fragmented forest landscape
Authors: Rukke Bjorn Arne 
Published: August 2010

Negative effects of habitat fragmentation (increased isolation and reduced habitat size) affected presence of several beetle species inhabiting Fomes fomentarius (L.) Kickx basidiocarps in a fragmented forest landscape. At the scale of individual trees (tree level), incidence of Cis jacquemarti Mell./C. nitidus (F.) (not distinguished between individuals of these two species, abbreviated C. jacquemarti /nitidus), C. bidentatus (Ol.), C. lineatocribratus Mell., Ennearthron cornutum (Gyll.) (all Coleoptera, Cisidae) and Dorcatoma dresdensis Herbst (Coleoptera, Anobiidae) was reduced with increased habitat isolation and reduced habitat size. Additionally, increased habitat size at a larger scale (forest island level) also gave higher incidence of all species.Some of the microhabitat variables measured influenced upon the presence of the study species. Fallen trees had a higher probability of C. jacquemarti / nitidus presence than standing trees, whilst the opposite was the case for C. bidentatus. There was also increased incidence of C. bidentatus on trees in denser forests and of E. cornutum in grey alder Alnus incana compared with birch trees (Betula spp.).Increased volume of basidiocarps on a tree resulted in a higher number of individuals of C. jacquemarti / nitidus and C. lineatocribratus.
Effect of abiotic factors on reproduction in the centre and periphery of breeding ranges: a comparative analysis in sympatric harriers
Authors: García J. T. , Arroyo B. E. 
Published: August 2010

Variables such as weather or other abiotic factors should have a higher influence on demographic rates in border areas than in central areas, given that climatic adaptation might be important in determining range borders. Similarly, for a given area, the relationship between weather and reproduction should be dissimilar for species which are in the centre of their breeding range and those that are near the edge. We tested this hypothesis on two sympatric ground‐nesting raptors, the hen harrier Circus cyaneus and the Montagu's harrier Circus pygargus in Madrid, central Spain, where the hen harrier is at the southern edge of its breeding range in the western Palearctic and the Montagu's harrier is central in its distribution. We examined the reproductive success of both species during an 8‐yr period, and looked at the influence of the most stressful abiotic factors in the study area (between‐year variation in rainfall and within‐year variation in temperature) on reproductive parameters.In the hen harrier, low levels of rainfall during the breeding season had a negative influence on annual fledging success and thus on population fledgling production. The relationship between rainfall and reproduction was probably mediated through food abundance, which in Mediterranean habitat depends directly on rainfall levels. In the Montagu's harrier, no negative effect of dry seasons on productivity was found. Additionally, in the hen harrier, the proportion of eggs that did not hatch in each clutch increased with higher temperatures during the incubation period. No such relationship was found in the Montagu's harrier. We interpret these between‐species differences in terms of differences of breeding range and adaptations to the average conditions existing there. Hen harriers, commonest at northern latitudes, are probably best adapted to the most typical conditions at those latitudes, and have probably not developed thermoregulatory or behavioural mechanisms to cope with drought and high temperatures in Mediterranean habitats, in contrast to Montagu's harrier. Thus hen harrier distribution might be constrained by these variables, due to lower reproductive success or higher reproductive costs. Accordingly, a logistic regression analysis of the presence or absence of both species in 289 random points throughout the western Palearctic showed that the distribution of both species was related to temperature, but the relationship was in opposite directions for the two species: hen harriers had lower probability of breeding in areas with higher temperature (as expected in a species with a more northerly distribution).
Evaluation of the sensation in patients with trigeminal post‐herpetic neuralgia
Authors: Alvarez Fábio Kurogi , Siqueira Silvia Regina Dowgan Tesseroli de , Okada Massako , Teixeira Manoel Jacobsen , Siqueira José Tadeu Tesseroli de 
Published: August 2010

BACKGROUND:  Post‐herpetic neuralgia (PHN) is one complication after herpes zoster infection, which may affect the facial superficial sensitivity.Methods:  Eighteen patients with PHN were interviewed and evaluated according to a systematized sensitivity approach, including mechanical, thermal and pain.Results:  The pain location was V1 in 15 patients. All trigeminal branches from both facial sides were evaluated; we compared the affected with the opposite side. There was a significant difference at V1 with cold (P = 0.038), vonFrey (P = 0.008) and pinpricks (P = 0.022); at V2, the statistical difference occurred with cold (P = 0.034), heat (P = 0.019) and pinpricks (P = 0.037); at V3, differences occurred with cold (P = 0.042) and heat (P = 0.036). Only V1 and oral mucosa (V2–3) presented pain threshold differences between both sides (P = 0.001, P = 0.021).Conclusion:  Age, predominance of trigeminal PHN in V1 and continuous burning pain was common and similar to literature. Sensation was hampered with evident deficits of all sensory modalities in the affected trigeminal areas, especially V1.
The assessment of oral health‐related quality of life by factor analysis in patients with Behcet's disease and recurrent aphthous stomatitis
Authors: Mumcu G. , Hayran O. , Ozalp D. O. , Inanc N. , Yavuz S. , Ergun T. , Direskeneli H. 
Published: August 2010

Background:  The aim of the study was to test multidimensional properties of oral health impact profile‐14 (OHIP‐14) in Behcet's disease (BD) and recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) patients with active oral ulcers.Methods:  Ninety‐six BD patients, 28 patients with RAS and 117 healthy controls (HC) were included in this study. In patients with active oral ulcers, the frequency and healing time of ulcers were recorded. Multidimensional properties of OHIP‐14 were examined by factor analysis.Results:  Factor analysis revealed three subscales and explained 66.49% of overall variance in these patients with active oral ulcers. The score of Subscale 1 was positively correlated with the recurrence of oral ulcers per month (P = 0.037). Subscale 3 scores of the patients treated with colchicine were worse than those treated with immunosuppressives (P = 0.035).Conclusions:  The factor structure of OHIP‐14 was found to be reliable and sensitive to clinical parameters and treatment modalities in active patients.
Development of an in vivo mouse model to study oral submucous fibrosis
Authors: Sumeth Perera M. W. , Gunasinghe D. , Perera P. A. J. , Ranasinghe A. , Amaratunga P. , Warnakulasuriya S. , Kaluarachchi K. 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Epidemiological data have shown an association of areca nut chewing with oral submucous fibrosis (OSF). Experimental evidence to confirm this has been limited. Fibrosis‐promoting activity of areca nut was tested in an animal model.Method:  Buccal mucosa of a group of 20 female BALB/c strain mice, 10–12 weeks of age, was treated twice daily 6 days per week with topical application of aqueous areca nut extracts for 300–600 days. A control group (n = 20) was treated with 50 mM NaCl. The influence of areca nut on the oral epithelium and connective tissue was recorded semiquantitatively by light microscopy.Results:  The areca nut‐treated oral epithelium showed progressive changes in epithelial thickness leading to atrophy, increased cellularity of fibroblasts, fibrosis of connective tissue, focal infiltration of inflammatory cells and muscle atrophy. On killing after 600 days of treatment, the scores on cellularity, inflammation and muscle atrophy were significantly different to the control group (P = 0.03).Conclusion:  The study provides further evidence that areca nut contributes to the development of OSF in treated animals. The model has the potential to test synergism of areca nut with other carcinogens and any therapeutic interventions.