bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature dependence of a twofold magnetic behaviour of a nanoscopic metal/silicon hybrid system – a comparison between Ni/Si and Co/Si
Authors: Rumpf K. , Granitzer P. , Poelt P. , Krenn H. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe investigated hybrid nanocomposite consists of a porous silicon template with electrochemically embedded Ni or Co nanostructures and offers magnetic characteristics which can be tailored by the electrochemical process parameters during fabrication. A twofold magnetic behaviour can be observed, a first one due to the spinmagnetism at magnetic fields below the saturation magnetization of the deposited metals and a second non‐saturating term at higher fields (> 1 T up to 7 T) above the saturation magnetization.In case of Ni deposited within the pores this non‐saturating term shows a paramagnetic characteristic and follows exactly the Curie‐Weiss law, whereas for Co/porous silicon samples the temperature dependent magnetization shows some deviations from the Curie Weiss law. In this high field region a difference in the temperature dependence between Ni and Co is observed whereas the non‐saturating term does not depend on the geometry of the embedded nanostructures in contrast to the ferromagnetic behaviour at lower magnetic fields. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Temperature and voltage effects in high performance magnetic junctions
Authors: Silva H. G. , Pogorelov Y. G. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBased on a quantum ballistic description of spindependent electronic transport in perfect magnetic junctions, the corrections are analyzed to the quantum resonances in their magnetoresistance (MR), due to finite temperature and to finite electric field bias. Considering them separately (varying temperature at fixed field or varying field at fixed temperature), we found monotonously decreasing MR with temperature but non‐monotonously with field. The latter behavior suggests new means for effective tuning and control of these devices and the temperature effect sets the criteria for reaching the quantum enhanced performance in real conditions (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Evaluation of hydrodynamic parameters of fluidized bed adsorption on purification of nano‐bioproducts
Authors: Jahanshahi Mohsen , Najafpour Ghasem , Ebrahimpour Melika , Hajizadeh Solmaz , Shahavi Mohammad H. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe biotechnology industry has recently been demanding nanoparticulate products (20‐200 nm) such as viruses, plasmids, virus‐like particles and drug delivery assemblies. Fluidized bed/expanded bed adsorption (EBA) is a technique that can be employed for nanoparticulate purification providing practical advantages such as the potential for direct process integration as has been seen with protein products. In the present work, the hydrodynamic behaviour of an expanded bed adsorption column for obtaining the optimal conditions of bovine serum albumin (BSA) nanoparticle recovery on streamline DEAE was studied. Residence time distribution (RTD) analysis was used to acquire hydrodynamic information from changes bed expansion, column diameter and settled bed height. Fluidization behaviour was predicted from the Richardson–Zaki correlation, with experimentally determined values of the expansion index. RTD showed axial dispersion increases with bed height as well as linear velocity. However, the effect of expansion degree of the bed on bovine serum albumin (BSA) nanoparticle purification was studied and the yield of recovery of BSA nanoparticle in optimal condition was 80.71%. Hydrodynamic behaviour of expanded bed adsorption and its potential for the purification and recovery of nanoparticle bioproducts is strongly discussed. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
MC simulations of water meniscus in nanocontainers: explaining the collapse of viral particles due to capillary forces
Authors: Serena P. A. , Douas M. , Marqués M. I. , Carrasco C. , Pablo P. J. de , Miranda R. , Carrascosa J. L. , Castellanos M. , Mateu M. G. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBy using a lattice‐gas model, we report numerical simulation for the action of capillary forces of water confined at the nanoscale during desiccation of viruses. Results are compared with structural effects of desiccation measured by Atomic Force Microscopy on individual viruses of the bacteriophage ϕ 29 and the minute virus of mice (MVM).Structural integrity is found for theMVM, but not for the ϕ 29. Numerical simulations show that in the desiccation process, the meniscus shape formed inside the capsids strongly depends on the virus symmetry. This suggests that capillary forces could play a key role on the explanation of the different measured collapse processes (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Identification and characterization of icosahedral metallic nanowires
Authors: Peláez Samuel , Guerrero Carlo , Paredes Ricardo , Serena Pedro A. , García‐Mochales Pedro 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe present and discuss an algorithm to identify ans characterize the long icosahedral structures (staggered pentagonal nanowires with 1‐5‐1‐5 atomic structure) that appear in Molecular Dynamics simulations of metallic nanowires of different species subjected to stretching. The use of the algorithm allows the identification of pentagonal rings forming the icosahedral structure as well as the determination of its number np, and the maximum length of the pentagonal nanowire Lpm. The algorithm is tested with some ideal structures to show its ability to discriminate between pentagonal rings and other ring structures. We applied the algorithm to Ni nanowires with temperatures ranging between 4 K and 865 K, stretched along the [100] direction. We studied statistically the formation of pentagonal nanowires obtaining the distributions of length Lpm and number of rings np as function of the temperature. The Lpm distribution presents a peaked shape, with peaks locate at fixes distances whose separation corresponds to the distance between two consecutive pentagonal rings. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Generating hypotheses about molecular structure–activity relationships (SARs) by solving an optimization problem
Authors: Ma Junshui , Tong Christopher , Liaw Andy , Sheridan Robert , Szumiloski John , Svetnik Vladimir 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis paper proposes a new automatic hypothesis‐generation algorithm for structure–activity relationship (SAR) rules, which is capable of investigating chemical compound activities in the context of multiple substructure interactions. The algorithm is formulated as an optimization problem based on a carefully selected criterion, APostDiff(s), and the globally optimal solution to the optimization problem can be obtained with a fast search algorithm developed using the data‐mining concept known as frequent set. Three public datasets are used to demonstrate the proposed method. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Analysis and Data Mining 1: 161‐174, 2009
A unified approach for analyzing exchangeable binary data with applications to developmental toxicity studies
Authors: Dang Xin , Keeton Stephine Lena , Peng Hanxiang 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn this article, we present a general procedure to analyze exchangeable binary data that may also be viewed as realizations of binomial mixtures. Our approach unifies existing models and is practical and computationally easy. Resulting from completely monotonic functions, we introduce a rich family of parametric parsimonious binomial mixtures, including the incomplete Beta‐, Gamma‐, Normal‐, and Poisson‐binomial, generalizing the Beta‐binomial. We show that the family is closed under convex linear combinations, products, and composites. We also give the moments and the Markov property of the family. With such distributions, we can perform statistical inference on correlated binary data and, in particular, overdispersed data. We propose a regression procedure that generalizes logistic regression. We provide a forward model selection procedure. We run a small simulation to validate the inclusion of the binomial distribution. Finally, we apply the proposed procedure to analyze the 2, 4, 5‐Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid and E2 data and compare the results with existing procedures. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Controlled Assembly of Highly Raman‐Enhancing Silver Nanocap Arrays Templated by Porous Anodic Alumina Membranes
Authors: Qiu Teng , Zhang Wenjun , Lang Xianzhong , Zhou Yongjin , Cui Tiejun , Chu Paul K. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA convenient nanoscale technique is reported for the fabrication of highly ordered hemispherical silver nanocap arrays templated by porous anodic alumina (PAA) membranes as robust and cost‐efficient surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates. This geometry produces a high Raman signal due to its periodic hexagonal arrangements and control of the gap between the nanostructures in the sub‐10‐nm regime. The surface structure can be tuned further to optimize the enhancement factor according to optional PAA fabrication and silver deposition parameters. Finite‐difference time‐domain calculations indicate that the structure may possess excellent SERS characteristics due to the high density and abundance of hot spots.
A Change in Practice from Epidural to Intrathecal Morphine Analgesia for Hepato‐Pancreato‐Biliary Surgery
Authors: Sakowska Magdalena , Docherty Elizabeth , Linscott David , Connor Saxon 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBackgroundThis study was designed to audit the change of anesthetic practice from thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) to intrathecal morphine (ITM) combined with patient‐controlled analgesia (PCA) for hepato‐pancreato‐biliary (HPB) surgery.MethodsAll patients who underwent major HPB surgery and received TEA or ITM from March 2005 to March 2008 were identified. Patients who received PCA alone were used for comparison. Data were retrospectively collected and analyzed for success of TEA, perioperative intravenous fluid (IVF) volume administered, hypotension, complications, and hospital stay.ResultsDuring the study period, 51 (32%) patients received TEA, 79 (49%) received ITM plus PCA opiate, and 31 (19%) received PCA alone. The incidence of postoperative hypotension was significantly higher in those who received TEA compared with those who received ITM (21/51 (41%) vs. 7/79 (9%), P < 0.001). The median (range) perioperative IVF administration was higher in the TEA group compared with the ITM group for both the first 24 h (6 (3–11) liters vs. 5 (3–11) liters, P < 0.05) and in total (15.5 (5–48.5) liters vs. 9 (3–70) liters, P < 0.001). Respiratory complications occurred in five (10%) of the TEA group compared with one (1%) in the ITM group (P < 0.05). The median (range) hospital stay was longer in the TEA group compared with the ITM group (9 (3–36) days vs. 7 (3–55) days, P < 0.01).ConclusionsIn a resource‐limited setting, ITM, compared with TEA, is associated with a reduced incidence of postoperative hypotension, reduced IVF requirements, shorter hospital stay, and lowers the incidence of respiratory complication.
Isolation of tetranucleotide microsatellite loci in the burrowing parrot (Cyanoliseus patagonus)
Authors: Klauke Nadine , Masello Juan F. , Quillfeldt Petra , Segelbacher Gernot 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
We isolated seven novel polymorphic microsatellite DNA loci from the burrowing parrot (Cyanoliseus patagonus) and optimised them for future studies of population differentiation and genetic variation. The loci were screened for polymorphism using 38 samples from wild individuals from three neighbouring colonies in Argentina. The primers amplified highly variable loci characterised by 3–10 alleles per locus and their observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.15 to 0.78 and 0.15 to 0.81, respectively. When we analysed 52 samples across Argentina and Chile, we found strong genetic differentiation between the Chilean and the Argentinean subspecies as well as significant differentiation between two geographically separated subspecies within Argentina. Our results indicate the suitability of these microsatellites for investigating further questions regarding the population genetics in this species.
Overexpression of a FAD3 Desaturase Increases Synthesis of a Polymethylene‐Interrupted Dienoic Fatty Acid in Seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana L.
Authors: Puttick Debbie , Dauk Melanie , Lozinsky Sharla , Smith Mark A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA cDNA encoding the Arabidopsis extraplastidic linoleate desaturase (FAD3) was overexpressed in the seeds of wild‐type Arabidopsis and in a mutant line that accumulates high levels of oleic acid. In the transformed wild‐type plants, linolenic acid (18:3Δ9,12,15) increased from 19% to nearly 40% of total seed fatty acids, with a corresponding decrease in linoleate content (18:2Δ9,12). In the high oleate mutant, a large increase in the level of a fatty acid identified by gas‐chromatography/mass‐spectrometry as mangiferic acid (18:2Δ9,15) was observed. The results demonstrate that the polymethylene‐interrupted dienoic fatty acid, mangiferic acid, can be produced in seed oil through the overexpression of a fatty acid n‐3 desaturase.
Differential physiological effects during tonic painful hand immersion tests using hot and ice water
Authors: Streff Anouk , Kuehl Linn K. , Michaux Gilles , Anton Fernand 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe cold pressor test (CPT) is an empirically validated test commonly used in research on stress, pain and cardiovascular reactivity. Surprisingly, the equivalent test with water heated to noxious temperatures (hot water immersion test, HIT) has not been thoroughly investigated. The aim of the present study was to characterize the physiological effects and psychophysics of both tests and to analyze whether the autonomic responses are mainly induced by baroreflexes or a consequence of the pain experience itself. The study consisted of a single session including one CPT (4 ± 0.2 °C) and one HIT (47 ± 0.5 °C; cut‐off point 5 min) trial performed on 30 healthy drug free volunteers aged 19–57 (median 24) yrs. The sequence of both trials was alternated and participants were randomly assigned to sequence order and parallelized with respect to gender. Physiological parameters (cardiovascular, respiratory and electrodermal activity) and subjective pain intensity were continuously monitored. In addition, pain detection and tolerance thresholds as well as pain unpleasantness were assessed. Both tests were comparable with regard to the time course and intensity of subjective pain. However, a significantly higher increase of blood pressure could be observed during the CPT when compared to the HIT. The HIT appears less confounded with thermoregulatory baroreflex activity and therefore seems to be a more appropriate model for tonic pain.
Central pain mechanisms following combined acid and capsaicin perfusion of the human oesophagus
Authors: Brock Christina , Andresen Trine , Frøkjær Jens Brøndum , Gale Jeremy , Olesen Anne Estrup , Arendt‐Nielsen Lars , Drewes Asbjørn Mohr 
Published: June 2009

AbstractVisceral afferents originating from different gut‐segments converge at the spinal level. We hypothesized that chemically‐induced hyperalgesia in the oesophagus could provoke widespread visceral hypersensitivity and also influence descending modulatory pain pathways. Fifteen healthy volunteers were studied at baseline, 30, 60 and 90 min after randomized perfusion of the distal oesophagus with either saline or 180 ml 0.1 M HCl + 2 mg capsaicin. Electro‐stimulation of the oesophagus, 8 cm proximal to the perfusion site, rectosigmoid electrical stimulation and rectal mechanical and heat stimulations were used. Evoked brain potentials were recorded after electrical stimulations before and after oesophageal perfusion. After the perfusion, rectal hyperalgesia to heat (P < 0.01, 37%) and mechanical (P = 0.01, 11%) stimulations were demonstrated. In contrast, hypoalgesia to electro‐stimulation was observed in both the oesophagus (P < 0.03, 23%) and the sigmoid colon (P < 0.001, 18%). Referred pain areas to electro‐stimulation in oesophagus were reduced by 13% after perfusion (P = 0.01). Evoked brain potentials to rectosigmoid stimulations showed decreased latencies and amplitudes of P1, N1 and P2 (P < 0.05), whereas oesophagus‐evoked brain potentials were unaffected after perfusion. In conclusion, modality‐specific hyperalgesia was demonstrated in the lower gut following chemical sensitization of the oesophagus, reflecting widespread central hyperexcitability. Conversely, hypoalgesia to electrical stimulation, decreases in referred pain and latencies of evoked brain potentials was seen. This outcome may reflect a counterbalancing activation of descending inhibitory pathways. As these findings are also seen in the clinical setting, the model may be usable for future basic and pharmacological studies.
Needs and care of migrants considered as severely mentally ill – cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of a Swedish sample
Authors: Arvidsson H. , Hultsjö S. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractPurposeHigher incidence of mental illnesses and less access to care is previously reported concerning migrants but few studies focus on the needs and care of migrant groups in psychiatry. The aim of this study was to compare differences in needs and care between migrant and nonmigrant groups of severely and persistently mentally ill (SMI) after the 1995 Swedish mental health care reform.MethodsIn a Swedish area, inventories were made in 2001 and 2006 of persons considered as SMI. These persons were interviewed and their needs were assessed. In a cross-sectional study in 2006, needs and care were compared between migrants and nonmigrants. In a longitudinal study, migrants and nonmigrants interviewed in both 2001 and 2006 were compared concerning the development of needs and care.ResultsThe needs of the migrant group were less taken care of. In 2006, there were more unmet needs in this group concerning accommodation, physical health, psychological distress, basic education and economy.ConclusionThe improvement of groups considered as SMI concerning functional disability and efforts of care found in the actual area did not seem to include the migrant group, at least not to the same degree.
The Emotional Stroop task: A comparison between schizophrenic subjects and controls
Authors: Demily C. , Attala N. , Fouldrin G. , Czernecki V. , Ménard J.-F. , Lamy S. , Dubois B. , Thibaut F. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe colour-word Emotional Stroop task (ES task) has been proposed to assess the interferences between emotion and attention. Using this task, first, we examined how attention (using reaction times) can be modified by emotionally relevant words in schizophrenics as compared with controls as a function of the emotional significance of the word; second, we tested the assumption that schizophrenics with the most negative symptoms will show higher impairment in relationship to negative emotional words. In general, schizophrenics were slower to react. In both groups, mean reaction times were slower for emotional as compared with neutral words. No significant differences were observed between negative and positive words either in schizophrenics (n = 21) or in controls (n = 20). Even in the most negative schizophrenic patients, there were no differences between negative and positive words. There were no significant interactions between type of stimulus and any clinical variables (PANSS negative or non negative categorization, etc.). Also, there were no statistically significant correlations between reaction times and neuroleptic dosage or anhedonia scores. In conclusion, schizophrenia patients showed the same degree of interference from emotional words as compared with controls. Moreover, patients with a higher level of negative symptoms did not differently experience positive and negative words.
Patterns of caffeine consumption in psychiatric patients. An Italian study
Authors: Ciapparelli A. , Paggini R. , Carmassi C. , Taponecco C. , Consoli G. , Ciampa G. , Ramacciotti C.E. , Marazziti D. , Dell’Osso L. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractPurposeThe aim of the present study was to explore and compare the caffeine intake, intoxication, withdrawal and dependence prevalence in Italian psychiatric patients and healthy subjects.Materials and methodsThree hundred and sixty-nine out- and inpatients, suffering from different psychiatric disorders, and 104 healthy subjects were included in the study. They were assessed by the SCID and by a structured interview for caffeine intoxication and withdrawal and for substance dependence applied to caffeine use.ResultsPatients and healthy subjects did not differ in terms of current caffeine intake (mg/day, mean ± SD: 281 ± 325 vs. 288 ± 148, respectively), while the maximum lifetime intake of caffeine was significantly higher in the first group (mg/day, mean SD: 630 ± 549 vs. 504 ± 344, respectively; F = 4.897,p= .03) where it was significantly related to the CGI severity item scores (rho = .107;p= .04). In both patients and healthy subjects, a lower age was related to a higher current caffeine intake, while both current and maximum lifetime caffeine intake in the healthy subjects were significantly higher in men than in women. The patients suffering from eating disorders reported higher current caffeine intake than those with anxiety or mood disorders. The prevalence of dependence and intoxication was significantly higher in the patients than in the healthy subjects, without inter-group differences. Healthy subjects showed a trend towards a higher prevalence of withdrawal.ConclusionsOur study highlights the need that a more accurate attention should be paid to the caffeine use which seems to be strongly, although generically, related to different psychiatric disorders.
Apolipoprotein-E gene variants associated with cardiovascular risk factors in antipsychotic recipients
Authors: Clark D. , Skrobot O.A. , Adebiyi I. , Susce M.T. , de Leon J. , Blakemore AI.F. , Arranz M.J. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractInterest exists in identifying the factors that specifically contribute to the increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease observed in psychiatric disease. The apolipoprotein-E (APOE) gene codes for a protein that has a key role in metabolism of cholesterol and triglycerides, with increased levels of apoE found in specific areas of post-mortem schizophrenic brains. This study investigated whether apoE variants influence the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (obesity, diabetes and dyslipidaemia), in patients receiving antipsychotic treatment, due to extension of the risk seen in the general population, but also due to the role of the APOE gene in mediating antipsychotic-induced side effects. Seven polymorphisms (rs741780, rs483082, rs429358, rs7412, rs10119, rs439401 and rs405509) were genotyped in 427 American Caucasian patients who were either receiving, or had been prescribed risperidone. Our results support the hypothesis that APOE gene variants influence the prevalence of diabetes and possibly overweight in psychiatric patients. Unfortunately, due to the cross sectional nature of this study, the contribution of antipsychotic treatment was not determined. These associations warrant prospective study to assess interaction between APOE gene variants and the propensity of antipsychotics to induce cardiovascular risk factors.