bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coordinated dynamic control of marketing and production
Authors: Yang Jian , Zhang Xiaolong 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe study the dynamic profit maximization problem for a firm exercising control on both marketing and production. The firs marketing effort impacts the current‐period demand, which in turn affects future demand in a dissipating fashion. Under linear‐cost and zero‐leadtime assumptions, we show that the firm should follow base‐point rules for both marketing and production, whereas trends of the base points reflect a certain complementarity between marketing and production. We obtain comparable results when marketing costs are convex. Our computational study identifies conditions under which simple fixed‐marketing‐effort and fixed‐marketing‐target heuristics would perform well. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 2009
Influence of oxygen and carbogen breathing on renal oxygenation measured by T2*‐weighted imaging at 3.0 T
Authors: Boss Andreas , Martirosian Petros , Jehs Margit C. , Dietz Klaus , Alber Markus , Rossi Cristina , Claussen Claus D. , Schick Fritz 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe aim of the study was to assess the influence of carbogen (95% O2, 5% CO2) or pure oxygen breathing on renal oxygenation measured by blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging at 3.0 T. Seven healthy young volunteers (median age 25, range 23–35 years) participated in the study. A T2*‐weighted fat‐saturated spoiled gradient‐echo sequence was implemented on a 3.0 T whole‐body imager (TE/TR = 27.9 ms/49 ms, excitation angle 20°) with an acquisition time of approximately 5.3 s. A total of 100 images were acquired during 22 min. A block design was applied for gas administration: 4 min room air, 4 min carbogen/oxygen, 4 min room air, 4 min carbogen/oxygen and 6 min room air. A compartment model was fitted to the data sets accounting for time‐dependent increase/decrease of renal oxygenation as well as baseline changes of the scanner. T2*‐weighted images showed good image quality without notable artefacts or distortions. Mean relative signal increase due to carbogen breathing was 2.73% (95% confidence interval: 1.34–5.54) in the right kidney and 3.76% (1.53–9.20) in the left kidney, while oxygen breathing led to a signal enhancement of 3.20% (2.57–3.98) in the right kidney and 3.16% (1.83–5.45) in the left kidney. No statistical difference was found between carbogen and oxygen breathing or between the oxygenation of the right and the left kidney. A significant difference was found in the characteristic time constant for the signal increase with a faster saturation taking place for oxygen breathing. Renal tissue oxygenation is clearly influenced by carbogen or oxygen breathing. The changes can be assessed by T2*‐weighted MRI at high field strengths. The effects are in the expected range for the BOLD effect of 3–4% at 3.0 T. The proposed technique might be interesting for the assessment of renal tissue oxygenation and its regulation in patients with kidney diseases. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Potential osteoarchaeological evidence for riding and the military use of horses at Malbork Castle, Poland
Authors: Pluskowski A. , Seetah K. , Maltby M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe paper explores interpretations of two sets of pathological horse vertebrae identified during analyses of animal bones from recent excavations at the castle at Malbork in northern Poland (formerly Marienburg in Prussia). One specimen dates to the 18th century and the other to the medieval period. The castle was initially constructed by the Teutonic Order from the late 13th century and occupied by military institutions into the 19th century, and is one of the largest fortified structures in Europe. The pathological vertebrae are attributed to prolonged load‐bearing. The problematic interpretation of the remains from the medieval context as belonging to a warhorse is discussed. Warhorses are widely described in contemporary documentary sources which indicate that mares were typically kept in farms on the Order's estates in late‐medieval Prussia, while studs were separately stabled at castles. There is not enough data to confirm the medieval specimen as a warhorse, and both vertebrae may simply represent riding animals. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Properties of radiation‐induced crosslinking stereocomplexes derived from poly(L‐lactide) and different poly(D‐lactide)
Authors: Quynh Tran Minh , Mitomo Hiroshi , Yoneyama Masaru , Hien Nguyen Quoc 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe complete stereocomplexes without single crystals were obtained from a commercial grade poly(L‐lactide) (PLLA) and the sufficient low molecular weight poly(D‐lactide) (PDLA). These poly(lactide) (PLA) stereocomplex were crosslinked with triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC) by electron beam irradiation for improving their heat stability and different crosslinked samples were characterized. The organogels were formed in the irradiated stereocomplexes because of the crosslinking between the polymer chains and the crosslinker. The results indicated that 30 kGy is an optimum radiation dose for introducing the stable crosslinking network into PLA stereocomplexes. The PLLA/PDLA3 stereocomplex (L/D3) crosslinked with 3% TAIC at 30 kGy revealed the highest thermal stability. Alkaline hydrolysis and enzymatic degradation of the stereocomplex were controlled by radiation crosslinking because the alkaline solution as well as proteinase K hardly absorbed or attacked to the crosslinking network of polymer chains. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Investigation of melt extensional deformation of ethylene‐vinyl acetate nanocomposites using small‐angle light scattering
Authors: Prasad R. , Gupta Rahul K. , Cser F. , Bhattacharya S.N. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractEthylene‐vinyl acetate copolymers with vinyl acetate (VA) contents of 9 wt% (EVA9) and 18 wt% (EVA18), and commercially modified montmorillonite clay were melt blended in a twin‐screw extruder to produce nanocomposites with various silicate loadings (2.5, 5, and 7.5 wt%). EVA9 was melt compounded with Cloisite®15A (C15A) and EVA18 was melt compounded with Cloisite®30B (C30B). Wide‐angle X‐ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy have indicated that EVA9 nanocomposites were predominantly intercalated in morphology while EVA18 nanocomposites possessed mixed intercalated/exfoliated structures. Light scattering was conducted in conjunction with melt‐drawing experiments to analyze structural evolution of the drawn filaments following its exit from the die of a single‐screw extruder. The scattering patterns were processed using Guinier's approximation. The parameter used to characterize deformation was the radius of gyration of optical inhomogeneities in the direction of extension and orthogonal to it. The ratio of these radii of gyration gives the deformation ratio. It was found that increasing silicate content decreased the deformation ratio for all the filled EVA18 nanocomposites. EVA9 with 2.5 and 5 wt% fillers showed an increase in deformation compared with unfilled EVA9, but the 7.5 wt%‐filled material showed a decrease. These observations were attributed to the relatively strong polymer‐filler interactions. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Effect of filling stage on the cooling system design of injection molding
Authors: Hassan Hamdy , Regnier Nicolas , Le Bot Cédric , Defaye Guy 
Published: March 2009

AbstractInjection molding is one of the most exploited industrial processes in the production of plastic parts. The main stages in an injection molding process therefore involve filling, cooling, and ejection. Understanding the different stages is important for the design of the cooling system. It is known that more than 70% of the cycle time is spent in the cooling stage. The effect of neglecting the filling stage on the thermal analysis of the mold and the product is studied during injection molding process. A three‐dimensional model including the mold, the cavity, and the cooling channels for the cooling process during the injection molding is presented. A finite volume numerical method is used for the solution of the physical model. A validation of the numerical model for the filling and solidification processes is presented. The results indicate that, there is a good agreement between the analytical solution and the numerical solution. They also show that the filling stage has a great effect on the temperature distribution through out the product and the mold. The results indicate that by neglecting filling stage, which represents about 7% of the cycle time, and assuming that the mold is initially filled, the solidification percent decreases by about 6%. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Preparation and characterization of alkylated carbon nanotube/polyimide nanocomposites
Authors: Zhang Qinghua , Li Jing , Zhao Xin , Chen Dajun 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: The development of carbon nanotube‐reinforced composites has been impeded by the difficult dispersion of the nanotubes in polymers and the weak interaction between the nanofiller and matrices. Efficient dispersion of carbon nanotubes is essential for the formation of a functional nanotube network in a composite matrix.RESULTS: Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were incorporated into a polyimide matrix to produce MWNT/polyimide nanocomposites. To disperse well the MWNTs in the matrix and thus improve the interfacial adhesion between the nanotubes and the polymer, ‘branches’ were grafted onto the surface of the nanotubes by reacting octadecyl isocyanate with carboxylated MWNTs. The functionalized MWNTs were suspended in a precursor solution, and the dispersion was cast, followed by drying and imidization to obtain MWNT/polyimide nanocomposites.CONCLUSION: The functionalized MWNTs appear as a homogeneous dispersion in the polymer matrix. The thermal stability and the mechanical properties are greatly improved, which is attributed to the strong interactions between the functionalized MWNTs and the polyimide matrix. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Modeling a linear electric molten zone in a silicon ribbon
Authors: Brito Miguel C. , Amaral Ana , Alves J. Maia , Serra João M. , Costa Ivo , Vallêra A. M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe linear electric molten zone produced by passing an electric current in a silicon ribbon may be used to create a floating molten zone specially suited for a recrystallization process. A one‐dimensional heat transfer numerical model of a linear electric molten zone is developed. Simulation results show the electric current concentration mechanism, and describe the effect of parameters such as the auxiliary radiative input power, or the ribbon thermal conditioning and geometry on the temperature profile and the molten zone width. It is shown that producing a linear molten zone electrically, is about half as energy intensive as if this were done solely by radiative heating. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reducing the heterotic supergravity on nearly‐Kähler coset spaces
Authors: Chatzistavrakidis A. , Manousselis P. , Zoupanos G. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe study the dimensional reduction of the 𝒩 = 1, ten‐dimensional Heterotic Supergravity to four dimensions, at leading order in α', when the internal space is a nearly‐Kähler manifold. Nearly‐Kähler manifolds in six dimensions are all the non‐symmetric coset spaces and a group manifold. Here we reduce the theory using as internal manifolds the three six‐dimensional non‐symmetric coset spaces, omitting the case of the group manifold in the prospect of obtaining chiral fermions when the gauge fields will be included. We determine the effective actions for these cases, which turn out to describe 𝒩 = 1 four‐dimensional supergravities of the no‐scale type and we study the various possibilities concerning their vacuum.
Lightlike branes as natural candidates for wormhole throats
Authors: Guendelman E.I. , Kaganovich A. , Nissimov E. , Pacheva S. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe first briefly present a consistent world‐volume Lagrangian description of lightlike p‐branes (LL‐branes) in two equivalent forms – a Polyakov‐type and a dual to it Nambu‐Goto‐type formulations. The most important characteristic features of LL‐brane dynamics are: (i) the brane tension appears as a non‐trivial additional dynamical degree of freedom; (ii) consistency of LL‐brane dynamics in a spherically or axially symmetric gravitational background of codimension one requires the presence of an event horizon which is automatically occupied by the LL‐brane (“horizon straddling”). Next we consider a bulk Einstein‐Maxwell system interacting self‐consistently with a codimension one LL‐brane. We find spherically symmetric traversable wormhole solutions of Misner‐Wheeler type produced by the LL‐brane sitting at the wormhole throat with wormhole parameters being functions of the dynamical LL‐brane tension.
Free string evolution across plane wave singularities
Authors: Craps B. , De Roo F. , Evnin O. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn these proceedings, we summarize our studies of free string propagation in (near‐)singular scale‐invariant plane wave geometries. We analyze the singular limit of the evolution for the center‐of‐mass motion and all excited string modes. The requirement that the entire excitation energy of the string should be finite excludes consistent propagation across the singularity, in case no dimensionful scales are introduced at the singular locus (in an otherwise scale‐invariant space‐time).
Towards effective Lagrangians for adelic strings
Authors: Dragovich B. 
Published: March 2009

Abstractp‐Adic strings are important objects of string theory, as well as of p‐adic mathematical physics and nonlocal cosmology. By a concept of adelic string one can unify and simultaneously study various aspects of ordinary and p‐adic strings. By this way, one can consider adelic strings as a very useful instrument in the further investigation of modern string theory. It is remarkable that for some scalar p‐adic strings exist effective Lagrangians, which are based on real instead of p‐adic numbers and describe not only four‐point scattering amplitudes but also all higher ones at the tree level. In this work, starting from p‐adic Lagrangians, we consider some approaches to construction of effective field Lagrangians for p‐adic sector of adelic strings. It yields Lagrangians for nonlinear and nonlocal scalar field theory, where spacetime nonlocality is determined by an infinite number of derivatives contained in the operator‐valued Riemann zeta function. Owing to the Riemann zeta function in the dynamics of these scalar field theories, obtained Lagrangians are also interesting in themselves.
Interval approach to assessing antitumor activity for tumor xenograft studies
Authors: Wu Jianrong , Houghton Peter J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn preclinical cancer drug screening tumor xenograft experiments, the tumor growth inhibition ratio (T/C) is commonly used to assess the antitumor activity of the agents. Unfortunately, this measurement can discard useful data and result in a high false‐negative rate. Furthermore, the degree of antitumor activity based on the T/C ratio is assessed on the basis of an arbitrary cutoff point that does not reflect variations in different tumor lines. To overcome these drawbacks, we propose an adjusted area‐under‐the‐curve (aAUC) ratio to quantify tumor growth inhibition. A nonparametric bootstrap t‐interval of the aAUC ratio is also proposed for assessing the significance of the antitumor activity of the agents. The proposed method is then applied to a real tumor xenograft study. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monitoring a fraction with easy and reliable settings of the false alarm rate
Authors: Duran Rodrigo I. , Albin Susan L. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMonitoring a fraction arises in many manufacturing applications and also in service applications. The traditional p‐chart is easy to use and design but is difficult to achieve the desired false alarm rate. We propose a two‐sided CUSUM Arcsine method that achieves both large and small desired false alarm rates for an in‐control probability anywhere between 0 and 1. The parameters of the new method are calculated easily, without tables, simulation, or Markov chain analysis used by many of the existing methods. The proposed method detects increases and decreases and works for constant and Poisson distributed sample sizes. The CUSUM Arcsine also has a superior sensitivity compared with other easily designed existing methods for monitoring Binomial distributed data. This paper includes an extensive literature review and a taxonomy of the existing monitoring methods for a fraction. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A thermal decomposition study of polymers by tunable synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Li Jiao , Cai Jianghuai , Yuan Tao , Guo Huijun , Qi Fei 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe thermal decomposition of polymers (poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and polystyrene (PS)) has been studied with synchrotron VUV photoionization mass spectrometry at low pressure. Pyrolysis products formed at different temperatures have been identified by the measurement of photoionization mass spectra at different photon energies. The experimental results demonstrate the variation of the pyrolysis product pool of PVC at different temperatures, dividing the thermal decomposition process into two stages: the low‐temperature stage to form HCl and benzene, and the high‐temperature stage to form numerous large aromatic hydrocarbons. For the thermal decomposition of PS, four reaction categories are determined. This work reports a new application of synchrotron VUV photoionization mass spectrometry in the study of the thermal decomposition of polymers, and demonstrates its good performance in product analysis, which is expected to help understand the thermal decomposition mechanism of PVC, PS and other synthesized polymers. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fragmentation reactions of some peptide b3 ions: an energy‐resolved study
Authors: Harrison Alex G. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe fragmentation reactions of b3 ions of nominal structure AAAoxa, YAAoxa, AYAoxa and AAYoxa have been studied as a function of collision energy, allowing the construction of breakdown graphs expressing in a qualitative way the energy dependence of the fragmentation reactions. The primary fragmentation reactions of the AAAoxa b3 ion involve formation of the a3* (a3 – NH3) ion and the b2 ion, with the latter becoming the dominant product at higher internal energies. For both YAAoxa and AYAoxa b3 ions the pathway to a3* is relatively minor with formation of b2 the dominant primary fragmentation reaction. For the AAYoxa b3 ion, in addition to a3*, abundant formation of the tyrosine (Y) iminium ion is observed with only minor formation of the b2 ion. The results support and expand upon the detailed mechanism of fragmentation of b3 ions proposed by Cooper et al. (J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2006; 17: 1654). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wip1 Regulates the Generation of New Neural Cells in the Adult Olfactory Bulb through p53-Dependent Cell Cycle Control
Authors: Zhu Yun-Hua , Zhang Cheng-Wu , Lu Li , Demidov Oleg N. , Sun Li , Yang Lan , Bulavin Dmitry V. , Xiao Zhi-Cheng 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Continual generation of new neural cells from adult neural stem/progenitor cells (NPCs) is an important component of life-long brain plasticity. However, the intrinsic regulation of this process remains poorly defined. Here we report that Wip1 phosphatase, previously studied in oncogenesis, functions as a crucial physiological regulator in adult neural cell generation. Wip1 deficiency resulted in a 90% decrease in new cell formation in adult olfactory bulb, accompanied by aberrantly decreased NPC amplification, stem cell frequency, and self-renewal. At a cellular level, Wip1 knockout NPCs exhibit a prolonged cell cycle, an accumulation at G2 to M phase transition, and enhanced p53 activity. Interestingly, the impaired M-phase entry and NPC amplification of Wip1-null mice can be reversed in Wip1/p53 double-null mice. Importantly, there is no difference in NPC amplification between p53-null and Wip1/p53 double-null mice. Our data demonstrate that Wip1 regulates the generation of new neural cells in adult olfactory bulb specifically through p53-dependent M-phase entry of the NPC cell cycle.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Phenotypic and Functional Changes Induced in Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells After Gamma-Ray Radiation Exposure
Authors: Simonnet Arthur J. , Nehmé Johnny , Vaigot Pierre , Barroca Vilma , Leboulch Philippe , Tronik-Le Roux Diana 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) exposure causes rapid and acute bone marrow (BM) suppression that is reversible for nonlethal doses. Evidence is accumulating that IR can also provoke long-lasting residual hematopoietic injury. To better understand these effects, we analyzed phenotypic and functional changes in the stem/progenitor compartment of irradiated mice over a 10-week period. We found that hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) identified by their repopulating ability continued to segregate within the Hoechst dye excluding “side population (SP)” early after IR exposure. However, transient phenotypic changes were observed within this cell population: Sca-1 (S) and c-Kit (K) expression levels were increased and severely reduced, respectively, with a concurrent increase in the proportion of SPSK cells positive for established indicators of the presence of HSCs: CD150 and CD105. Ten weeks after IR exposure, expression of Sca-1 and c-Kit at the SP cell surface returned to control levels, and BM cellularity of irradiated mice was restored. However, the c-Kit+Sca-1+Lin−/low (KSL) stem/progenitor compartment displayed major phenotypic modifications, including an increase and a severe decrease in the frequencies of CD150+Flk2− and CD150−Flk2+ cells, respectively. CD150+ KSL cells also showed impaired reconstituting ability, an increased tendency to apoptosis, and accrued DNA damage. Finally, 15 weeks after exposure, irradiated mice, but not age-matched controls, allowed engraftment and significant hematopoietic contribution from transplanted congenic HSCs without additional host conditioning. These results provide novel insight in our understanding of immediate and delayed IR-induced hematopoietic injury and highlight similarities between HSCs of young irradiated and old mice.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Structural colored gels for tunable soft photonic crystals
Authors: Harun‐ur‐Rashid Mohammad , Seki Takahiro , Takeoka Yukikazu 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA periodically ordered interconnecting porous structure can be embodied in chemical gels by using closest‐packed colloidal crystals as templates. The interconnecting porosity not only provides a quick response but also endows the porous gels with structural color arising from coherent Bragg optical diffraction. The structural colors revealed by porous gels can be regulated by several techniques, and thus, it is feasible to obtain desirable, smart, soft materials. A well‐known thermosensitive monomer, N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPA), and other minor monomers were used to fabricate various structural colored gels. The selection of minor monomers depended on the targeted properties. This review focuses on the synthesis of templates, structural colored porous gels, and the applications of structural colored gel as smart soft materials for tunable photonic crystals. © 2009 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Chem Rec 9: 87–105; 2009: Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/tcr.20169