bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract A33: African American men's perceptions of the informed decision-making process for prostate cancer screening: Implications for design and development
Authors: Rivers Brian M. , August Euna M. , Schenck April , Jackson Myron , Scian Joanna , Dimaggio Angela , Quinn Gwen 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Introduction: Although prostate cancer mortality rates are on the decline, rates in African American men remain more than twice as high as those in white men. Men at risk for prostate cancer are encouraged to utilize informed decision making (IDM) to determine the most appropriate strategy for screening and prevention. However, multiple barriers exist in the provision of culturally and linguistically appropriate IDM models on prostate cancer for African American men, including mistrust of the health system, fear of cancer, and concerns about discrimination and racism. Multimedia approaches have been determined to be an effective means for the dissemination of culturally and linguistically appropriate IDM models for African Americans that minimize barriers within the community.
Methods: Focus groups were conducted with African American men in the Tampa Bay area to determine core elements for the design of a video-based patient decision aid for prostate cancer screening. Lay health advisors from the community recruited African American men to participate in this formative research. The inclusion criteria were: African American men; aged 40 to 70 years; and no diagnosis of prostate cancer or any other type of cancer. The focus groups were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using a combination of content analysis and the constant comparison method with Atlas.ti software.
Results: A total of 18 African American men, ranging in age from 41 to 65 years, were recruited (mean age=48.5 years). Overall, men had limited knowledge regarding prostate cancer, and slightly more than one-third (38.9%) of the men had previously been screened for prostate cancer. Multiple themes emerged through the conduct of focus groups, including the influence of cultural beliefs in screening, the need for more information on risk and protective factors for prostate cancer, the involvement of spouses and family members in decision-making, and the importance of culturally-appropriate educators, advocates, and role models.
Conclusions: Overall, there is a lack of information regarding prostate cancer among African American men. Cultural perceptions and beliefs play a critical role in the determination of screening practices in this community. Patient decision aids on prostate cancer for African American men require the utilization of African American health professionals and peers as purveyors of information. Furthermore, messaging should be tailored for African American men, as well as their spouses and families, to aid in the determination of appropriate prevention and screening strategies. These findings will assist in the design and development of culturally and linguistically appropriate educational resources and interventions on prostate cancer for the African American community.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011;20(10 Suppl):A33.
Abstract A49: Multifunctional nanocarriers against cervical cancer
Authors: Saunders Mary R. , Olivos David J. , Lim Ryan G. , Berti Lorenzo , Lam Kit S. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Cervical cancer accounts for 500,000 new cases and 250,000 deaths in women worldwide. In low-income countries, cervical cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths among women. Novel approaches for the early detection and aggressive treatment of cervical cancer are urgently needed to increase the survival rates. To this end, a promising strategy that might improve the specificity of current diagnostic and therapeutic agents is the development of drugs or contrast agents targeting glycans, polysaccarides decorating normal and cancerous cells that provide a unique fingerprint on the cell surface. Tumor glycans are important in regulating pivotal events during the development and progression of cancer. Changes in their sequence and structure are known to be responsible for cell proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Malignant transformation of cervical cells is accompanied by the expression of specific glycans that are absent on normal uterine cervix cells. Peptide-based ligands specific for these cervical cancer glycans have been discovered, and their use as tumor-homing agents for diagnostics and therapeutic purposes has been explored in xenograph models. We have currently developed an innovative drug delivery vehicle for the simultaneous and highly specific imaging and treatment of cervical cancer. To take full advantage of the enhanced permeability and retention effect (EPR) of the nanocarriers and to have deep penetration inside the tumor mass, we have developed a telodendrimer system, comprised of clusters of oligomeric cholic acids (CA) linked to a polyethylene glycol (PEG) chain which self-assemble within an aqueous environment with tunable sizes and efficient drug loading capacity. This vehicle consists of a nanocarrier loaded with the powerful anticancer drug, doxorubicin, and decorated with cervical cancer specific ligands targeting cell surface glycans. Thanks to the presence of the targeting ligands, the nanocarriers carry the otherwise non-selective drug specifically into the targeted cancer cells leading to release of anticancer drug only where needed. Because of the lower doses and the relatively low cost of the nanoparticle employed as drug carriers, we envision that this technology will be amendable for clinical translation and will be a powerful therapeutic tool to address the needs and disparities typical of less developed countries.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011;20(10 Suppl):A49.
Abstract A88: Ancestry informative markers associated with prostate cancer in African Americans
Authors: Wilson Bradford D. , Ricks-Santi Luisel J. , Mason Tshela , Apprey Victor , Bonney George , Dunston Georgia M. , Kittles Rick A. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Purpose: Prostate cancer (Pca) is the most common cancer in US males. African American men have higher incidence and mortality rates than do their European American counterparts. Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found to be associated with Pca after analyzing data from a Pca mapping by admixture linkage disequilibrium (MALD) study using several different genetic models. The SNPs genotyped have significant allele frequency differences between African Americans and European Americans and are referred to as ancestry informative markers (AIMs). We tested the hypothesis that AIM haplotypes were also associated with Pca risk.
Design Methods: AIM haplotypes were inferred for 98 Pca patients and 140 controls. Binary logistic regression was used to test haplotypes for association with Pca.
Results: We found that haplotypes 5 “GTCCC,” 9 “ATTCT,” and 11 “ACCCC” were associated with Pca risk (OR = 3.97 95% CI: 1.68–9.47, p = 0.0017; OR = 7.17 95% CI: 2.33–20.05, p = 0.0006; OR = 3.68 95% CI: 1.57–8.62, p = 0.0027, respectively). After adjusting for age and ancestry all three haplotypes remained associated with Pca (OR = 3.62 95% CI: 1.42–9.21, p = 0.0070; OR = 7.89 95% CI: 2.36–26.31, p = 0.0008; OR = 4.34 95% CI: 1.75–10.78, p = 0.0016, respectively).
We show that AIM haplotypes are associated with PCa risk. This study also demonstrates the use of a simple model to test for the additive or multiplicative effects of SNPs weakly associated individually.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011;20(10 Suppl):A88.
Abstract A93: Correlates of total testosterone and testosterone deficiency in African American men
Authors: Murphy Adam B. , Nyame Yaw , Kelley Brian , Ahaghotu Chiledum A. , Kittles Rick A. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Introduction: Elevated serum total testosterone (TT) levels have been associated with increased prostate cancer incidence and mortality faced by African American (AA) men. Testosterone deficiency (TD) is linked to several health outcomes including increased cancer and all-cause mortality. Several studies have examined the relationships between TT levels and biochemical and environmental factors, but few have examined these correlates in AA men. This study evaluated TT levels, TD and their correlates in AA men.
Methods: Blood samples were collected from 191 controls recruited from 2000–2003 from the Urology clinic at the Howard University Hospital, along with demographic data, reported alcohol use, and BMI. Measurements of testosterone (total and free), prostate specific antigen (PSA), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol, HDL, VLDL, LDL, IGF1 and IGFBP3 levels were obtained from the blood. Percentage west African genetic ancestry was determined using a panel of 100 ancestry informative markers.
Results: On linear regression, age, HDL, LDL and IGFBP3 levels were associated with TT levels (p&lt; 0.05). However, TT levels were not associated with degree of West African ancestry (p = 0.52). Using multivariate analysis, TD deficiency (TT &lt; 300 ng/dL) was positively associated with TG levels (p &lt; 0.05), alcohol use and elevated BMI (p = 0.018 for both). The highest quartile BMI (BMI &gt; 31) was at 2.48 times higher risk for TD than the lowest quartile (&lt; 25). The correlates of TT levels and risk factors for TD in AA men are similar to the established risk factors in European American men.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011;20(10 Suppl):A93.
Abstract A99: Racial disparities in receipt of prostatectomy from a high-volume urologist: The role of diagnosing urologists and doctor changing
Authors: Pollack Craig Evan , Bekelman Justin , Epstein Andrew J. , Liao KJ , Wong Yu-Ning , Armstrong Katrina 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Background: Though patients who receive surgery from high-volume surgeons tend to have better outcomes, black patients are less likely to receive surgery from high-volume surgeons.
Objective: Among men with localized prostate cancer, we examined whether disparities in use of high-volume urologists resulted from racial differences in patients being diagnosed by high-volume urologists and/or changing to highvolume urologists for surgery.
Research Design: We performed a retrospective cohort study using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Medicare data. 26,058 black and white men who were diagnosed with localized prostate cancer from 1995 to 2005 and who underwent prostatectomy were included. Patients were linked to both a diagnosing urologist (who submitted a claim nearest the date of diagnosis) and a treating urologist (who performed the surgery). Logistic regression models were used to examine racial differences in diagnosis and treatment by a high versus low volume urologist. Among patients who were diagnosed by a low-volume urologist, multinomial logistic regression models with robust standard errors were used to examine whether patients: (a) did not change physicians (baseline category), (b) changed to a low-volume treating urologist, and (c) changed to a high-volume treating urologist.
Results: Black men were as likely as white men to be diagnosed by a high-volume urologist; however, they were significantly less likely than white men to be treated by a highvolume urologist (Odds ratio 0.76, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.67, 0.87). For men diagnosed by a low-volume urologist, 45.0% changed urologists for their surgery. Black men were less likely to change urologists overall (35.3% versus 45%, p&lt;0.001) and less likely to change to a high-volume urologist than white men (9.1% versus 14.3%, p&lt;0.001). These racial differences in changing providers remained significant in multinomial regression analyses. Racial differences appeared to reflect black and white patients tending to be diagnosed by different urologists (between-provider effects, RRR 0.37, 95%CI 0.18, 0.74) as well as having different rates of changing after being diagnosed by the same urologists (within-provider effects, RRR 0.79, 95%CI 0.66, 0.94).
Conclusions: Lower rates of changing to high-volume urologists for surgery among black men contribute to racial disparities in treatment by high-volume surgeons. The results suggest that interventions that attempt to reduce disparities in access to high-volume surgeons will require a deeper understanding of the specific pathways through which patients come to receive surgical care.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011;20(10 Suppl):A99.
Abstract B107: Combination therapy of kidney cancer using bortezomib and natural killer (NK) cell transfer
Authors: Pellom Samuel Troy , Malhotra Anshu , Shanker Anil 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Kidney cancer is a malignant tumor that accounts for about two percent of all cancers in the United States. African American men and women account for a higher incidence rate of kidney cancer compared to other races. The higher rate of failure of current immunotherapeutic strategies is attributed to the immunosuppressive effects as well as modification of the immune-regulatory circuits brought about by cancers. With the aim of enhancing immune mechanisms against kidney cancer, we undertook a combinatorial approach to reveal the therapeutic potential of adoptive cell transfer regimens using mouse models in conjunction with molecular targeting drugs that sensitize kidney tumor cell-death. The proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, selectively sensitizes kidney tumor cells to apoptosis by activating caspase-8 in the extrinsic apoptosis pathway. Moreover, our studies thus far have revealed that bortezomib can also enhance natural killer (NK) cell antitumor function. We observed that bortezomib upregulates Fas and NK cell activating receptor NKG2D ligand Rae1-on renal cancer Renca cells in vivo. Moreover, preliminary observations suggest that bortezomib can be combined with adoptive NK cell transfer to provide greater therapeutic benefits with little adverse effects in vivo. These new data predict the potential of combining adoptive NK cell transfer regimens with bortezomib-induced sensitization of kidney tumor cells to induce apoptosis. Such a combinatorial approach of NK cell transfer coupled with bortezomib treatment would have dual effects by sensitizing tumor cells to cell death and improve NK cell effector functions. This could prevent tumor metastasis by eliminating tumor escape variants and significantly benefit tumor immunotherapy efforts in kidney cancer.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011;20(10 Suppl):B107.
Abstract B21: Factors associated with mammography use among foreign-born women and changes over time
Authors: Yao Nengliang (Aaron) , Hillemeier Marianne 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Background: Disparities in mammography screening remain a problem for immigrant women, while the foreign-born population has been increasing for decades in the United States. Recent studies indicate that factors associated with mammography use may have changed. Little research has been done to analyze the changing patterns of factors associated with mammography use among immigrant women. Purpose: To address these knowledge gaps, this study (1) compares age-adjusted mammography rates among immigrants by certain characteristics in 2000 and 2008; and (2) examines the factors associated with recent mammography use among immigrant women at these two time points.
Methods: National Health Interview Survey 2000 and 2008 data were used to calculate population-based descriptive statistics adjusted for survey design. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to determine factors associated with recent mammography use among immigrant women.
Results: The mammography rates rose from 60.18% in 2000 to 65.47% in 2008 among foreign-born women. Immigrants having poor access to health care, those who recently immigrated, younger immigrants, and those with low education had the lowest mammography rates at both time points. After adjusting for covariates, lack of access to health care persistently contributes to the lower percentage of mammography screening among immigrants. Longer residency in the U.S. was associated with a higher chance of receiving mammography among immigrants in 2000 but not in 2008. In contrast, age 50–64 compared to age 65 or older was associated with a higher chance of receiving mammography among immigrants in 2008 but not in 2000.
Conclusion: Mammography rates have improved over time among immigrant women and some disparities are decreasing, however, lack of health care access remains an important barrier to breast cancer screening for this population.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011;20(10 Suppl):B21.
Abstract B53: Patterns of meat intake and risk of prostate cancer among African-Americans in a large prospective cohort of men
Authors: Major Jacqueline M. , Cross Amanda J. , Graubard Barry I. , Sinha Rashmi 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Objective: Given the large racial differences in prostate cancer risk, further investigation of diet and prostate cancer is warranted among high-risk groups. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between type of meat intake and prostate cancer risk among African-American men.
Methods: In the large, prospective NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study, we analyzed baseline (1995–1996) data from African-American participants, ages 50–71 years. Incident prostate cancer cases (n=1,089) were identified through 2006. Dietary and risk factor data were ascertained by questionnaires administered at baseline. Cox models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) within intake quantiles.
Results: Neither white nor processed meat intake was associated with prostate cancer, regardless of meat cooking method. Red meats cooked at high temperatures were associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer (HR=1.18, 95%CI=1.00-1.38 and HR=1.22, 95%CI=1.03-1.44, for the upper two intake tertiles). Intake of the heterocyclic amine (HCA), 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5-f] quinoxaline (DiMeIQx) was positively associated with prostate cancer (HR=1.30; 95% CI=1.05-1.61, P=0.02). No associations were observed for intake of other HCAs.
Conclusion: Red meats cooked at high temperatures were positively associated with prostate cancer risk among African-American men. Further studies are needed to replicate these findings.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011;20(10 Suppl):B53.
Abstract B54: Biological and environmental predictors of vitamin D status in African American and European American men in Chicago
Authors: Murphy Adam B. , Nyame Yaw , Kelley Brian , Smith Demetria J. , Castaneda Lauren , Minaya Katherine , Hollowell Courtney M.P. , Kittles Rick A. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency is epidemiologically linked to prostate, breast and colon cancer. African American (AA) men have increased risk relative to European American (EA) men, but few studies evaluate vitamin D status in AA men. We evaluate the biological and environmental predictors of vitamin D deficiency in AA and EA men in Chicago, Illinois, a low ultraviolet radiation (UVR) environment.
Methods: Blood samples were collected from 492 men, age 40–79, from urology clinics at three hospitals in Chicago, along with demographic and medical information, BMI, and skin melanin content using a portable narrow-band reflectometer. Vitamin D intake (dietary and supplemental) and UVR exposure were assessed using validated questionnaires.
Results: Mean and median 25-OH D levels (normal: 30–80 ng/ml) were 17.2 and 16.0 ng/ml in AA men and 26.0 and 25.0 ng/ml in EA men, respectively (p &lt; 0.01). Also, 93% of AA vs. 69.7% of EA men (OR = 1.33) were vitamin D deficient (P &lt; 0.01). AA status (p = 0.04), age, and BMI (p &lt; 0.01) were positively correlated with vitamin D deficiency, while vitamin D supplement use and sun exposure were negatively correlated (p &lt; 0.05). Our multivariate analysis revealed that AA status, BMI, and lack of vitamin D supplementation were negatively associated with 25-OH D level (p &lt; 0.05).
Conclusion: Sunlight exposure, BMI and vitamin D supplementation are associated with vitamin D deficiency and represent modifiable risk factors. Race and sunlight exposure should be taken into account for recommended daily allowances for vitamin D intake.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011;20(10 Suppl):B54.
Abstract B58: Promoting healthy lifestyle and cancer awareness through a Pacific Islander fitness day
Authors: Lepule Jonathan “Tana” , Aina Sefa 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Chronic disease is the leading cause of death for Pacific Islanders in the U.S., who number over 1.1 million and suffer from enormous health disparities. Obesity prevention and reduction are primary concerns among Pacific Islanders, yet there is little information on the physical activity and nutrition knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors in the population. For instance, one of five Pacific Islander youth in the U.S. is obese. Western culture and dietary habits have influenced PI lifestyles. Among Samoans, obesity prevalence ranged from 33–75% in males and 46–80% in females in four different islands.
The majority of Pacific Islanders in California live in Southern California, and in May 2011 a unique effort was initiated promoting physical activity and healthy eating tailored after Michelle Obama's “Let's Move” campaign. Pacific Islander Fitness Day was an outreach event in collaboration with numerous entities (including the White House Initiative on Asian Americans and Pacific) to increase awareness for health checkups, cancer screening, physical activity, and nutrition among those ages 5 to 73. This event comprised: speakers from community leaders, physical activity stations lead by NHPI athletes, a Health Village with resources promoting health screenings and a Diet and Healthy Food Village with information on healthy food choices and preparing cultural food with health in mind.
A total of 221 participants completed a brief needs assessment survey. Factors influencing their physical activity and eating behaviors included cost of food (p=0.024), health of food (p=0.036), and exercising more than three times per week (p=0.000). These results will better inform those serving Pacific Islanders by addressing cancer health disparities through physical activity and the prevention of cancer and comorbid diseases.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011;20(10 Suppl):B58.