bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THERMAL INACTIVATION OF LACTOBACILLUS PLANTARUM IN A MODEL LIQUID FOOD
Authors: AUGUSTO PEDRO E.D. , TRIBST ALLINE A.L. , CRISTIANINI MARCELO 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACT Thermal process is one of the safest and most frequently used methods for food preservation. The use of model food in thermal treatment studies has several experimental advantages and enables reproducibility. Correct physical characterization of the model food and determination of thermal resistance of microorganisms are essential requirements in thermal treatments experiments. The present work determined the rheological characteristics of a 0.3% (w/w) carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) suspension, used as model liquid food, and the thermal resistance of Lactobacillus plantarum, a target microorganism in pasteurization processes. The rheological characterization was conducted using a double wall concentric‐cylinder rheometer with controlled stress, at various temperatures ranging from 25 to 80C. The L. plantarum thermal resistance was evaluated using the three‐neck flask method, at 52, 55, 58 and 61C. The rheological behavior of the model food was adjusted to the power law, with pseudoplastic behavior, consistency index (k) of 0.09Pa·sn and behavior index (n) of 0.80 at 25C. The parameters Ak and the activation energy (Eak) of the Arrhenius model were 0.0003Pa·sn and 14,140.7 J/mol/K, respectively. The values of D52C, D55C, D58C and D61C of L. plantarum were 76.3, 36.7, 16.4 and 7.3 s, respectively, with a z of 8.9C. The results showed that the model food system evaluated in this work represents several types of fruit juices. The use of well‐characterized model food systems could greatly improve experimental consistency and reproducibility of thermal process studies, which are characteristics highly desirable but still scarce in the literature.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe use of model food in the study of thermal process is highly desirable, but there is limited information in the literature on the characterization of model food systems associated with inactivation kinetics of microorganisms. The carboxymethylcellulose suspension described in this work can be used as a fruit juice model. The thermal inactivation of Lactobacillus plantarum proposed in this model is suitable for thermal process studies and design. The data on the model liquid food system and thermobacteriology described in this work are potentially useful for future studies on food thermal processes and represent a contribution to the development of efficacious food processing protocols.
FEASIBILITY OF USING A MINIATURE FIBER OPTIC UV‐VIS‐NIR SPECTROMETER TO ASSESS TOTAL POLYPHENOL INDEX, COLOR INTENSITY AND VOLUMIC MASS IN RED WINE FERMENTATIONS
Authors: FERNÁNDEZ‐NOVALES JUAN , SÁNCHEZ MARÍA‐TERESA , LÓPEZ MARÍA‐ISABEL , GARCÍA‐MESA JOSÉ‐ANTONIO , RAMÍREZ PILAR 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACT This study sought to assess the feasibility of using ultraviolet‐visible‐near infrared (UV‐VIS‐NIR) spectroscopy to monitor changes in total polyphenol index, color intensity and volumic mass, three indicators of quality during red wine fermentation. Samples (n = 68) collected from eleven tanks during fermentation were scanned in three types of quartz flow cells, path lengths 0.1, 2 and 50 mm, in the UV‐VIS‐NIR region (200–1,100 nm), using a fiber spectrometer system in transmission mode. Principal component analysis and partial least squares regression were used to interpret spectra and develop calibrations for predicting wine composition during fermentation. Models for the prediction of total polyphenol index displayed coefficients of determination (r2) ranging between 0.21–0.98, whereas values for the standard error of cross‐validation (SECV) ranged from 2.29 to 14.91, depending on the spectral region used. Values for the prediction of color intensity were: r2 = 0.56–0.98 and SECV = 0.43–1.88. Corresponding values for volumic mass were r2 = 0.31–0.94 and SECV = 8.71–30.20 g/dm3. These results suggest that UV‐VIS‐NIR spectroscopy using a miniature fiber optic spectrometer as a promising tool could be used as an alternative method for the rapid monitoring of quality parameters during red wine fermentation.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe study develops ultraviolet‐visible‐near infrared calibrations to monitor changes in total polyphenol index, color intensity and volumic mass, main indicators of quality during red‐wine fermentation, taking into account and responding to the requirements of the enological industry that looks for a swift, efficient, economical and – particularly – nondestructive analytical technique for measuring quality parameters during fermentation process with a single instrument and in a matter of seconds, saving time and enhancing the decision‐making process. The work also evaluates the efficacy of a simple, efficient and low‐cost instrument that belongs to so called new near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) generation, which are most suitable to be implemented for on‐line analysis in the winemaking industry. The results suggest that the miniature fiber optic NIR spectrometer is a promising tool for monitoring the red wine fermentation process, allowing the instantaneous prediction of the main parameters to be controlled. At the same time, suitable wavelengths for these parameters are also proposed according to x‐loading weights and regression coefficients.
Assurance de soins de santé au Japon: au‐delà de la vision binaire entre Etat et famille
Authors: Naïto Kusuto 
Published: September 2009

RésuméLa prise en charge des personnes âgées et à charge au Japon fut considérée comme une activité exclusive à la sphère familiale. Cette conception a prévalu en dépit de toutes les diversités régionales dans les structures familiales, d'une part, et l'existence jadis simultanée de solidarités extrafamiliales, d'autre part. L'évolution sociodémographique depuis le milieu du 20e siècle a amené non seulement les autorités politiques, mais aussi l'opinion publique, à la création d'une assurance publique de soins de santé. Instaurée en 2000, elle vise à«socialiser» ces activités à priori familiales et féminines. Cet article propose une analyse critique du système ainsi que du contexte dans lequel l'assurance a vu sa genèse. Le système répond‐il aux besoins des personnes âgées et de leurs entourages (familiaux et non familiaux)? Par ailleurs, tient‐il compte des diversités régionales, notamment en ce qui touche les situations des ménages, au‐delà des soucis financiers et des présuppositions sociétales? Le processus de vieillissement démographique connu par les sociétés industrialisées invite à revisiter leurs cheminements socio‐historiques, afin d'adapter continuellement les comportements et lieux de vie à des contextes socio‐économiques en importante évolution.
Zur freiwilligen Mitgliedschaft in Perus Rentensystem mit Individualkonten
Authors: Li Carmen A. , Olivera Javier 
Published: September 2009

AuszugEin wichtiger Aspekt bei der Gestaltung des Sozialschutzes ist die Deckung. Wie in den meisten lateinamerikanischen Ländern ist die Deckung durch die soziale Sicherheit in Peru nur für Arbeitnehmer im formellen Sektor obligatorisch. Dieser Beitrag untersucht die Faktoren für eine freiwillige Mitgliedschaft in Perus Individualkonten‐Rentensystem. Es wurde festgestellt, dass Angehörige folgender Personengruppe eher als andere Personen dem System freiwillig beitreten: verheiratete Männer mit höherer Schulbildung und in Haushalten mit höheren Einkommen sowie mit Familienmitgliedern, die bereits Mitglied in einem Rentensystem mit Individualkonten sind. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass familiengestützte Sicherheitsnetze zwar einen Ersatz für die freiwillige Mitgliedschaft in Individualkonten‐Rentensystemen darstellen können, die Ausdehnung der Rentendeckung und die Armutsbekämpfung jedoch als Herausforderungen für den Staat bestehen bleiben.
Pflegeversicherung in Japan: Abschied von der binären Vision Staat‐Familie
Authors: Naïto Kusuto 
Published: September 2009

AuszugDie Betreuung älterer pflegebedürftiger Personen in Japan galt als eine ausschließlich der Familie obliegende Aufgabe, und dies trotz einer nicht zu vernachlässigenden regionalen Unterschiedlichkeit bei Familienstrukturen einerseits und bereits früher parallel dazu bestehender Solidaritätseinrichtungen außerhalb der Familien andererseits. Die soziodemografische Entwicklung seit Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts bewog nicht nur die politischen Instanzen, sondern auch die öffentliche Meinung zur Schaffung einer öffentlichen Pflegeversicherung, die im Jahr 2000 eingeführt wurde und die vorher meist den Familien und den Frauen obliegenden Aufgaben sozialisieren sollte. Der vorliegende Artikel bietet eine kritische Analyse des Systems sowie des Kontextes, in dem die Versicherung entstand. Entspricht das System den Bedürfnissen der älteren Menschen und ihres (familiären und nicht familiären) Umfelds? Berücksichtigt es auch die regionalen Unterschiede, die Unterschiede in den Situationen der Haushalte, die über rein finanzielle Belange hinausgehen, sowie die gesellschaftlichen Werte und Glaubensvorstellungen? Wir kommen zum Schluss, dass der demografische Alterungsprozess nach einer gesellschaftlichen Reaktion verlangt auf die laufenden Veränderungen von Verhalten und Lebensformen.
Afiliación voluntaria al sistema de pensiones de cuentas individuales del Perú
Authors: Li Carmen A. , Olivera Javier 
Published: September 2009

ResumenLa cobertura es un aspecto importante en el diseño de la protección social. En el Perú, al igual que en la mayor parte de los países de América Latina, la cobertura de la seguridad social sólo es obligatoria para los trabajadores del sector formal. El presente artículo investiga los factores que determinan la afiliación voluntaria al sistema de pensiones de cuentas individuales del Perú. Se ha comprobado que hay un grupo selecto de personas que presenta una mayor probabilidad de afiliación voluntaria; se trata del formado por hombres casados con un nivel de estudios superior a la educación secundaria que viven en hogares de ingresos elevados y en cuya familia hay miembros que ya están afiliados al sistema de pensiones de cuentas individuales. A pesar de que los resultados sugieren que las redes familiares de seguridad pueden sustituir a la participación voluntaria en el sistema de pensiones de cuentas individuales, ampliar la cobertura de las pensiones y erradicar la pobreza siguen siendo retos para la participación del gobierno.
Altered vision during motion: an unusual symptom of cerebellar dysfunction, quantifiable by a simple clinical test
Authors: Kaeser Pierre‐François , Borruat François‐Xavier 
Published: September 2009

Acta Ophthalmol. 2010: 88: 791–796Abstract.Purpose: To report a series of patients with cerebellar dysfunction and altered vision during motion, and to quantify their visual impairment in motion with a simple clinical test.Methods: Twenty consecutive patients suffering from cerebellar dysfunction and altered vision during motion were examined between 1994 and 2007. A control group consisted of 20 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy people. All patients had a full neuro‐ophthalmic examination. Near visual acuity (NVA) was measured at rest (static NVA) and during chair rotation (dynamic NVA). Distance visual acuity (DVA) was measured at rest (static DVA) and during rotation of the patient’s head (dynamic DVA).Results: Only four of the 20 patients reported altered vision during motion spontaneously. The remaining 16 patients admitted this unusual visual disturbance only when asked specifically. All patients exhibited abnormal eye movements, including saccadic smooth pursuit (20/20), dysmetric saccades (15/20), nystagmus (19/20) and impaired suppression of vestibulo‐ocular reflex (VOR) (20/20). During rotation of the examination chair (dynamic NVA), the drop in NVA averaged 5.6 lines (range 1–10 lines). During rotation of the patient’s head (dynamic DVA), the drop in DVA averaged only 2.5 lines (range 0–10 lines). For the control group, there was no significant drop in NVA under dynamic conditions.Conclusion: Patients with cerebellar dysfunction rarely complain spontaneously of altered vision during motion. However, specific questioning may bring up this unusual symptom. The use of a simple clinical test, consisting of NVA measurement during rotation of the examination chair (dynamic NVA), allows practitioners to quantify the level of visual impairment in patients presenting altered VOR modulation.
Association of exfoliation syndrome and central retinal vein occlusion: an ultrastructural analysis
Authors: Ritch Robert , Prata Tiago S. , De Moraes Carlos Gustavo V. , Vessani Roberto M. , Costa Vital P. , Konstas Anastasios G. P. , Liebmann Jeffrey M. , Schlötzer‐Schrehardt Ursula 
Published: September 2009

Abstract.Purpose:  To evaluate prospectively the frequency with which exfoliation syndrome (XFS) occurs in patients with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) by clinical examination and ultrastructural examination of conjunctival biopsy specimens.Methods:  Prospective observational case series. Thirty‐six eyes of 36 consecutive patients with CRVO were investigated for XFS by slit‐lamp examination and conjunctival biopsy when XFS was not clinically visible on examination.Results:  A clinical diagnosis of XFS or a positive biopsy result for exfoliation material (XFM) was present in 22 of the 36 patients (61%; 95% confidence interval 45–75%). Twelve of these 22 patients (54%) had a clinical diagnosis of XFS. Aggregates of XFM were identified ultrastructurally in the biopsy specimens in 10 of 24 patients with no clinical signs of XFS (42%). Patients with and without XFS had similar distribution of age, gender, race and prevalence of systemic disorders. Twelve of the 22 (54%) XFS patients had neither glaucoma nor ocular hypertension prior to the CRVO.Conclusion:  In accordance with previous retrospective and histological studies, this prospective, in vivo study suggests that CRVO is commonly associated with XFS.
α2‐Adrenoceptor as a New Target for Stress Urinary Incontinence
Authors: FURUTA Akira , NARUOKA Takehito , SUZUKI Yasuyuki , EGAWA Shin , ERICKSON Vickie L. , CHANCELLOR Michael B. , YOSHIMURA Naoki 
Published: September 2009

Objectives:We examined glutamate and/or α2‐adrenoceptor (AR) mechanisms in the control of external urethral sphincter (EUS) activity in response to stress conditions.Methods:Under urethane anesthesia, EUS electromyogram activity was evaluated in spinal cord‐transected (T8‐9) female rats during lower abdominal wall compression before and after the intravenous (i.v.) application of test drugs. The effects of MK‐801 (0.03, 0.3, and 3 mg/kg i.v.), an N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate glutamate receptor antagonist, or medetomidine (0.03, 0.3, and 3 mg/kg i.v.), an α2‐AR agonist, for EUS activity were examined. Idazoxan (0.3 mg/kg i.v.), an α2‐AR antagonist, was then administered before or after the application of MK‐801 (1 mg/kg i.v.).Results:Both MK‐801 and medetomidine dose‐dependently decreased EUS activity during abdominal compression. Idazoxan significantly increased EUS activity by 64%, but EUS activity during abdominal compression, which increased after idazoxan, was abolished by MK‐801. However, idazoxan did not reverse the inhibitory effects of MK‐801 on EUS activity during abdominal compression.Conclusions:These results indicate that glutamate is a major excitatory neurotransmitter in the urethral continence reflex response to abdominal pressure increases and that α2‐AR activation suppresses EUS activity, most likely via the presynaptic inhibition of glutamate release. Therefore, the α2‐AR antagonist would represent a new therapeutic target for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence.
Design and Validation of a Water Transfer Factor Measurement
Apparatus for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Sauriol Pierre , Nobes David S. , Bi X. Tony , Stumper Jürgen , Jones Dustin , Kiel Darwin 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
The investigation of water management within proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) has led to the definition of a water transfer factor to describe the net transfer of water across the membrane. In most fuel cells, the total amount of water transferred across the membrane is a small fraction of the total water passing through the fuel cell, and therefore experimental measurements of the water transfer factor have been very difficult to achieve in practice. This paper presents a four-step systematic approach to design and validate a measurement concept that will enable the measurement of the water transfer factor with the desired accuracy. These steps are: (1) several key equations are obtained from mass balance; (2) potential measurands are screened by sensitivity analysis; (3) the performance of interesting measurement concepts is simulated by a Monte Carlo approach to account for the variability of the instrument performance and other operational considerations; and (4) validation tests are achieved in a simulated fuel cell configuration to determine measurement accuracy of the selected measurement concept. Four key equations were derived from mass balance considerations allowing for the determination of the water transfer factor. The sensitivity analysis showed that measurement concepts that relied on the differential mass flow rate and the differential water content would yield the best accuracy. However, these measurement concepts were found to involve a great risk associated with the development or adaptation of key measurement instruments. A more conventional measurement concept, which utilizes precision liquid injection by syringe pumps and water content measurement by infrared absorption, was therefore selected. The measurement concept was further improved by implementing a reference injection, which, based on the virtual experiments using Monte Carlo calculations, allowed for an order of magnitude improvement in the accuracy. From the validation tests it was determined that combining anode and cathode side measurements, the measurement concept has an accuracy better than ±0.01 on the water transfer factor.
Mutation-Independent Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Overexpression in Poor Prognosis Neuroblastoma Patients
Authors: Passoni Lorena , Longo Luca , Collini Paola , Coluccia Addolorata Maria Luce , Bozzi Fabio , Podda Marta , Gregorio Andrea , Gambini Claudio , Garaventa Alberto , Pistoia Vito , Del Grosso Federica , Tonini Gian Paolo , Cheng Mangeng , Gambacorti-Passerini Carlo , Anichini Andrea , Fossati-Bellani Franca , Di Nicola Massimo , Luksch Roberto 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a receptor tyrosine kinase predominantly expressed in the developing nervous system. Recently, mutated ALK has been identified as a major oncogene associated with familial and sporadic neuroblastomas (NBL). Yet, a direct correlation between endogenous expression level of the ALK protein, oncogenic potential, and clinical outcome has not been established. We investigated ALK genetic mutations, protein expression/phosphorylation, and functional inhibition both in NBL-derived cell lines and in 34 localized and 48 advanced/metastatic NBL patients. ALK constitutive phosphorylation/activation was observed in high-ALK expressing cells, harboring either a mutated or a wild-type receptor. No activation was found in cell lines with low expression of wild-type ALK. After 72 hours of treatments, small molecule ALK inhibitor CEP-14083 (60 nmol/L) induced growth arrest and cell death in NBL cells overexpressing wild-type (viability: ALKhigh 12.8%, ALKlow 73%, P = 0.0035; cell death: ALKhigh 56.4%, ALKlow 16.2%, P = 0.0001) or mutated ALK. ALK protein expression was significantly up-regulated in advanced/metastatic compared with localized NBLs (ALK overexpressing patients: stage 1-2, 23.5%; stage 3-4, 77%; P &lt; 0.0001). Interestingly, protein levels did not always correlate with ALK genetic alterations and/or mRNA abundance. Both mutated and wild-type ALK receptor can exert oncogenic activity in NBL cells. However, wild-type ALK receptor requires a critical threshold of expression to achieve oncogenic activation. Overexpression of either mutated or wild-type ALK defines poor prognosis patients. Alternative mechanisms other than direct mutations and/or gene amplification regulate the ALK level of expression in NBL cells. Wild-type ALK is a potential therapeutic target for advanced/metastatic NBLs. [Cancer Res 2009;69(18):7338–46]
DNMT1 and DNMT3B Modulate Distinct Polycomb-Mediated Histone Modifications in Colon Cancer
Authors: Jin Bilian , Yao Bing , Li Jian-Liang , Fields C. Robert , Delmas Amber L. , Liu Chen , Robertson Keith D. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractDNA methylation patterns are established and maintained by three DNA methyltransferases (DNMT): DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B. Although essential for development, methylation patterns are frequently disrupted in cancer and contribute directly to carcinogenesis. Recent studies linking polycomb group repression complexes (PRC1 and PRC2) to the DNMTs have begun to shed light on how methylation is targeted. We identified previously a panel of genes regulated by DNMT3B. Here, we compare these with known polycomb group targets to show that ∼47% of DNMT3B regulated genes are also bound by PRC1 or PRC2. We chose 44 genes coregulated by DNMT3B and PRC1/PRC2 to test whether these criteria would accurately identify novel targets of epigenetic silencing in colon cancer. Using reverse transcription-PCR, bisulfite genomic sequencing, and pyrosequencing, we show that the majority of these genes are frequently silenced in colorectal cancer cell lines and primary tumors. Some of these, including HAND1, HMX2, and SIX3, repressed cell growth. Finally, we analyzed the histone code, DNMT1, DNMT3B, and PRC2 binding by chromatin immunoprecipitation at epigenetically silenced genes to reveal a novel link between DNMT3B and the mark mediated by PRC1. Taken together, these studies suggest that patterns of epigenetic modifiers and the histone code influence the propensity of a gene to become hypermethylated in cancer and that DNMT3B plays an important role in regulating PRC1 function. [Cancer Res 2009;69(18):7412–21]
Essential Role of DNA Base Excision Repair on Survival in an Acidic Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Seo Yuji , Kinsella Timothy J. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
The base excision repair (BER) pathway is required to repair endogenous and exogenous oxidative DNA damage. Multiple DNA repair pathways have been shown to be down-regulated in the tumor microenvironment, whereas APE1/Ref1, a central protein in BER, is overexpressed in many types of solid tumors. APE1/Ref1 has dual functions, participating both in BER and redox regulation of oxidized transcription factors. Here, we show that inhibition of the BER pathway in an acidic tumor microenvironment increases oxidative DNA damage temporally related to increased intracellular reactive oxygen species. Unrepaired oxidative DNA damage results in cell cycle arrests and increased DNA double-strand breaks, leading to cell death. Therefore, up-regulation of BER in solid cancers may represent an adaptive survival response. Consequently, BER inhibition may confer tumor microenvironment targeted cytotoxicity in human cancers. Our data suggest that BER inhibition is a rational basis for cancer therapy with or without other cytotoxic therapy. Additionally, our results offer insight as to why APE1/Ref1 retains its unique dual functionality, both of which counteract environmental oxidative stress. [Cancer Res 2009;69(18):7285–93]