bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving between‐day kinematic reliability using a marker placement device
Authors: Noehren Brian , Manal Kurt , Davis Irene 
Published: May 2010

Abstract3D motion analysis is commonly used to measure clinical outcomes, involving repeated measures over time. However, the day‐to‐day reliability of these measurements has been questioned and few attempts have been made to improve this reliability. Our purpose was to determine if a marker placement device (MPD) could improve day‐to‐day kinematic reliability as compared to manual marker placement. Ten healthy runners participated. Day‐to‐day comparisons of peak angles were made between manual marker placement and the use of an MPD. Reliability of each method was determined with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and standard errors of measurement (SEM). The ICC and SEM values improved with the MPD. With the MPD, 7 out of 9 ICC values were >0.9 compared to only 3 when using manual marker placement. Additionally, the largest reduction in SEM values was in the transverse plane. Use of the MPD increases the power to detect smaller differences in studies of where gait is assessed over time. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:1405–1410, 2010
Solving chemical classification problems using polarized Raman data
Authors: Hassing S. , Jernshøj K. D. , Hedegaard M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWhen solving chemical classification problems, multivariate analysis has proven to be an important mathematical tool. Unpolarized spectroscopic data, IR, NIR, and UV‐Visible absorption data and unpolarized vibrational Raman data, are typically analyzed by two‐way chemometric methods, e.g. principal component analysis (PCA). When the unpolarized spectra of the different molecules are almost identical, the PCA results in low recognition ratios or even fails. In contrast to absorption processes, Raman scattering can provide polarized data. It is shown, by using mathematical simulations, that the outcome of the PCA can be improved considerably by using the polarized, vibrational Raman data instead of the unpolarized data. The improvement stems from the increased amount of molecular information, which is now available for the PCA of the vibrational data, because the polarization properties of the scattering, expressed through the depolarization ratio (DPR), is very sensitive to small changes in distinct molecular properties and insensitive to sample and experimental variations. For molecules possessing some symmetry, a change of the DPR may be induced by a decrease in symmetry and for highly symmetric molecules non‐dispersive Raman modes typically become dispersive. For dispersive modes, a wavenumber‐dependant change of the DPR may also result from a small energy shift of an allowed electronic transition. We show that the increased information content inherently present in the polarized data, opens up new possibilities for combining the solution of classification problems with an unveiling of details of the different properties and processes in bio‐physic due to various perturbations and changes of the structure of the bio‐molecules. It is also demonstrated that the increased access to molecular information enables in vitro detection of molecular changes often encountered when analyzing biological functions, which are reflected in changes in the excited electronic states. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Time‐lapse Raman imaging of single live lymphocytes
Authors: Pully V. V. , Lenferink A. T. M. , Otto C. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe present time‐lapse Raman imaging (TLRI) of living cells as a new approach in label‐free chemical imaging through non‐electronic resonant, spontaneous Raman microspectroscopy. Raman hyperspectral datacubes of individual live peripheral blood lymphocytes were successively acquired. The Raman imaging time per voxel, with a volume of 0.3 fl, was 100 ms and the total image time of a 32 × 32 pixels image was less than 2 min. Multiple images of an individual cell have been obtained. A full series of TLRI images typically resulted in more than 1.6 million data points per image. We analyzed the datasets using hierarchical cluster analysis. A fingerprint of molecular changes was observed before the cell was blebbing. The molecular fingerprint was related to a gradual disappearance of the Raman signal from carotenoids. Concomitant changes occurred in the CH stretch high wavenumber region, presumably due to a change in the protein and lipid environment of carotenoids. These changes were smaller than 5% of the total signal at 2937 cm−1. We hypothesize that the lipid environment of the carotenoids changes as a result of the photophysics in the carotenoid molecules. The detectability of carotenoids was shown to be 2.3 µMper voxel, which corresponds to 415 molecules. TLRI enables high‐speed chemical imaging not only in the intense high wavenumber region of the Raman spectrum, but particularly in the more informative fingerprint region between 500 and 1800 cm−1. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A study of the effects of land use changes on soil physical properties and organic matter
Authors: Haghighi F. , Gorji M. , Shorafa M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractChanges in land use can significantly affect soil properties. This study was conducted in the Taleghan watershed of Tehran Province, Iran, to determine the effects of land use changes on soil organic matter (SOM) and soil physical properties including soil aggregate stability, saturated hydraulic conductivity, infiltration rate, available water content, total porosity and bulk density (BD). In the present study, two sites contained adjacent land uses of natural pasture and dryland farming were selected. Soil samples were taken from depths of 0–15 and 15–30 cm for each land use. The results indicated that the conversion of natural pasture to dryland farming led to a significant decrease in SOM at 0–30 cm in the first and second sites (24.7 and 44.2%, respectively). In addition, a significant increase in BD was observed at a depth of 0–30 cm in dryland farm soils (1.39 g cm–3) compared to pastureland (1.20 g cm–3) at the first site. An increase in BD was also observed at the same depth of dryland farm soils (1.46 g cm–3) and pastureland soils (1.42 g cm–3) at the second site. In addition, total porosity, mean‐weight diameter of aggregates, saturated hydraulic conductivity, available water content and estimated final infiltration rate showed significant differences between land uses. The results showed that the conversion of natural pasture to dryland farming alters soil properties that negatively affect soil productivity and erodibility. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Homogenization of transport problems and semigroups
Authors: Bernard Etienne , Golse François , Salvarani Francesco 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn some cases, the homogenization of evolution differential equations whose solution is given by the action of a semigroup on their initial data may lead to evolution problems with a completely different structure, usually integro‐differential equations whose dynamics is not defined by a semigroup, but involves memory effects. A typical example is the homogenization—or discretization—of opacities in radiative transfer. In this paper, we propose a formulation of homogenized equations in terms of a semigroup acting on an enlarged phase space (i.e. on functions involving more variables than in the original problem). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Deterministic effective equations for the propagation of expectation in noisy nonlinear optical fibers
Authors: Barletti L. , Busoni G. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe consider electromagnetic propagation in optical fibers as described by a nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The equation is endowed with input data representing a signal affected by a Gaussian white noise. Assuming both the nonlinearity and the noise to be small of the same order ε, we derive a hierarchy, at various orders in ε, of deterministic effective equations for the expectation of the propagated signal. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
FYN‐dependent muscle–immune interaction after sciatic nerve injury
Authors: Hanwei Huang , Zhao Hui 
Published: May 2010

AbstractDenervation of skeletal muscles results in loss of muscle mass and contractile force. Recent evidence suggests that local immune system activation plays a key role in these processes, but the mechanisms underlying muscle–immune system cross‐talk are not understood. The purpose of this study was to address the mechanisms by which muscle responds to denervation and to elucidate the specific role played by FYN in local immune system activation. We studied initial events taking place in the gastrocnemius of wild‐type and Fyn−/− mice following sciatic nerve transection. Discontinuous sucrose gradient centrifugation was used to prepare lipid rafts at different time‐points (1, 7, and 14 days) after surgery. Activation of FYN, cytokine expression (IL‐1β and TNF‐α), and T‐cell activation (CD3 and IL‐15) were followed by in vitro kinase assays, enzyme‐linked immunoassay (ELISA), Western blotting, and immunoprecipitation. Sciatic nerve injury resulted in increased SRC kinase activity in gastrocnemius lipid rafts. Production of both IL‐1β and TNF‐α was increased, peaking after 1 day, followed after 7 and 14 days by upregulation of IL‐15 and CD3 expression and the development of caveolin‐3 and CD3 complexes. The integrity of lipid rafts and the upregulation of SRC kinase activity, cytokine expression, and T‐cell activation and cross‐talk with muscle cells following denervation were abolished in Fyn−/− mice. The integrity of FYN‐dependent lipid rafts is required for local immune system activation within denervated muscle, and lipid rafts are implicated in orchestrating muscle–immune‐cell cross‐talk. These results are likely to provide new insights into the therapy of neuromuscular injury. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Effect of motor imagery and voluntary muscle contraction on the F wave
Authors: Hara Motohiko , Kimura Jun , Walker D. David , Taniguchi Shinichirou , Ichikawa Hiroo , Fujisawa Reiko , Shimizu Hiroshi , Abe Tatsuya , Yamada Thoru , Kayamori Ryoji , Mizutani Tomohiko 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe tested the validity of instructing patients to minimally contract the muscle to facilitate F‐wave recording in clinical practice. In 12 healthy subjects, F waves were recorded from the first dorsal interosseous muscle at rest, during motor imagery, and at up to 30% of the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). F‐wave persistence increased significantly from 32.5 ± 11.9% (mean ± SD) at rest to 58.3 ± 15.2% during motor imagery and 90.0 ± 8.7% during 3% MVC. It then remained the same during stepwise changes to and from 30% MVC before decreasing significantly from 80.8 ± 18.5% during 3% MVC to 48.7 ± 23.8% during motor imagery and 27.0 ± 16.0% at rest. The trial average of F‐wave amplitude showed a similar pattern of facilitation. Motor imagery enhances F‐wave persistence and amplitude, which further increase with a slight muscle contraction and show no additional change with a stronger effort. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Relationship between muscle fiber type and tendon properties in young males
Authors: Kubo Keitaro , Ikebukuro Toshihiro 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the estimated muscle fiber type and tendon properties in human knee extensors and plantar flexors (n = 50). Measurements included time‐to‐peak twitch torque (TPT) and tendon properties. TPT did not correlate significantly with the maximal elongation and stiffness of tendon. In conclusion, we found that the muscle fiber type was not related to the properties of tendons. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Electromagnetic ventilation: First evaluation of a new method for artificial ventilation in humans
Authors: Sander Björn H. , Dieck Thorben , Homrighausen Felix , Tschan Christoph A. , Steffens Jan , Raymondos Konstantinos 
Published: May 2010

AbstractCurrent methods of artificial ventilation cannot prevent diverse problems associated with mechanical ventilation. In contrast to all current forms of mechanical ventilation, electromagnetic stimulation can activate respiratory muscles directly. However, it is not known if and to what extent electromagnetic stimulation can ventilate humans. In 10 volunteers we stimulated the lateral neck using magnetic stimulators. Over 63 s we stimulated nine times with a frequency of 25 HZ for 1.1 s using 600 V, 900 V, and 1,200 V. The minimum stimulation time for each volunteer was 9 min. A Capnomac monitor measured minute ventilation. Electromagnetic stimulation was well tolerated and safe. Bilateral stimulation with 600 V achieved considerable minute ventilation (median ± SD, 7.2 ± 3.4 L/min) that increased at higher voltage levels (P < 0.0001). 900 V achieved sufficient minute ventilation in all volunteers (11.5 ± 5.0 L/min; 1200 V, 14.0 ± 4.9 L/min). This first evaluation of electromagnetic ventilation demonstrates that it can be used to ventilate humans sufficiently. This method may be developed to a new mode of ventilation. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Eccentric contractions induce rapid isometric torque drop in dystrophin‐deficient dogs
Authors: Tegeler Christopher J. , Grange Robert W. , Bogan Daniel J. , Markert Chad D. , Case Doug , Kornegay Joe N. , Childers Martin K. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe tested the hypothesis that eccentric contractions (ECCs) rapidly induce greater‐than‐normal isometric torque drop in dystrophin‐deficient golden retriever muscular dystrophy (GRMD) muscles. ECCs were imposed by forcibly stretching activated muscles. The results indicate that isometric torque drop was greater in GRMD versus controls (P < 0.0001). Our findings support the hypothesis that ECCs induce greater‐than‐normal isometric torque drop in GRMD muscles. The magnitude of ECC‐induced isometric torque loss may be an ideal clinical endpoint in the GRMD model. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Effect of prior exercise on thermal sensitivity of malignant hyperthermia‐susceptible muscle
Authors: Corona Benjamin T. , Hamilton Susan L. , Ingalls Christopher P. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractMalignant hyperthermia (MH) episodes may occur upon exposure to halogenated anesthetics, during resistance and endurance exercise, and in response to thermal stress. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of prior eccentric and concentric (i.e., wheel running) exercise on the thermal sensitivity of isolated MH‐susceptible mouse muscle (RyR1Y522S/wt). Eccentric, but not concentric, exercise attenuated the thermal sensitivity of MH‐susceptible muscle. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Distributed model predictive control based on a cooperative game
Authors: Maestre J. M. , Muñoz de la Peña D. , Camacho E. F. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn this work we propose a distributed model predictive control scheme based on a cooperative game in which two different agents communicate in order to find a solution to the problem of controlling two constrained linear systems coupled through the inputs. We assume that each agent only has partial information of the model and the state of the system. In the proposed scheme, the agents communicate twice each sampling time in order to share enough information to take a cooperative decision. We provide sufficient conditions that guarantee practical stability of the closed‐loop system as well as an optimization‐based procedure to design the controller so that these conditions are satisfied. The theoretical results and the design procedure are illustrated using two different examples. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of novel synthetic method of carbon nanotubes from electrospun polystyrene fibers by using microwave heating
Authors: Ohta Tomohiro , Ito Takeru , Shimizu Masahiro , Tauchi Lisa , Nguyen‐Tran Huy‐Danh , Park Jong‐Chul , Kim Byoung‐Suhk , Kim Ick‐Soo , Ohta Kazuchika 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe have developed a novel synthetic method that enables us to easily synthesize metal‐capsulated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in a laboratory by using a combined technology of electrospinning‐metallization and microwave heating. These techniques greatly shorten the time for the synthesis of the CNTs in comparison with the conventional methods. TEM analysis confirmed a successful formation of the CNTs, and the resulting CNTs were multi‐walled and found to be about 25–100 nm in diameters. The products prepared by heating at 600 and 900°C exhibited less‐developed and strongly curved CNTs, whereas the products prepared by heating at 700 and 800°C relatively well‐developed long CNTs. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Precipitation polymerization in acetonitrile and 1‐propanol mixture: synthesis of monodisperse poly(styrene‐co‐divinylbenzene) microspheres with clean and smooth surface
Authors: Jiang Hongyan , Chen Hou , Zong Guangxi , Liu Xin , Liang Ying , Tan Zhi 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPrecipitation polymerization of styrene (St)–divinylbenzene (DVB) has been carried out using acetonitrile/1‐propanol mixture as the reaction media and 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator. Monodisperse micron‐sized poly(St‐co‐DVB) microspheres with clean and smooth surface were synthesized in the absence of any stabilizing agent such as surfactants or steric stabilizers. The effects of various polymerization parameters such as 1‐propanol fraction in the reaction media, initiator and total monomer concentration, DVB content, polymerization time and polymerization temperature on the morphology, particle size and size distribution were investigated. It was found that smoothly shaped stable particles were obtained when less than 70 vol% of 1‐propanol was used in the media. The particle size increased with the AIBN concentration, whereas the change of uniformity was less obvious. Monodisperse microspheres were obtained when the total monomers loading ranged from 0.5 to 3 vol%. The particle diameter ranged from 2.73 to 1.87 µm with an increasing DVB content and the uniformity was enhanced. In addition, the yield of microspheres increased with the increasing total monomer, initiator, and DVB concentration and polymerization time. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How sequence directs bending in tropomyosin and other two‐stranded alpha‐helical coiled coils
Authors: Brown Jerry H. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA quantitative analysis of the direction of bending of two‐stranded alpha‐helical coiled coils in crystal structures has been carried out to help determine how the amino acid sequence of the coiled coil influences its shape and function. Change in the axial staggering of the coiled coil, occurring at the boundaries of either clusters of core alanines in tropomyosin or of clusters of core bulky residues in the myosin rod, causes bending within the plane of the local dimer. The results also reveal that large gaps in the core of the coiled coil, which are seen for small core residues near large core residues or for unbranched core residues near canonical branched core residues, are correlated with bending out of the local dimeric plane. Comparison of tropomyosin structures determined in independent crystal environments provides further evidence for the concept that sequence directs the bending of the coiled coil, but that crystal environment is at least as important as sequence for determining the magnitude of bending. Tropomyosin thus appears to consist of more directionally restrained hinge‐like joints rather than directionally variable universal joints, which helps account for and predicts the geometric and dynamic nature of its binding to F‐actin.
The application of an aryl hydrazine linker prevents ß‐elimination side products in the SPPS of C‐terminal cysteine peptides
Authors: Ni Shuaijian , Zhang Huibin , Huang Wenlong , Zhou Jinpei , Qian Hai , Chen Wei 
Published: May 2010

AbstractSolid‐phase synthesis allows for the preparation of some complex cysteine‐containing peptides with both a high yield and purity. However, side reactions during chain elongation such as modification of amino acid residues have been found in C‐terminal cysteine peptides. We identified 3‐(1‐piperidinyl)‐alanine peptides, corroborated the mechanism of the side reaction, and introduced an efficient approach for the Fmoc‐based synthesis of C‐terminal cysteine peptides using an aryl hydrazine linker. Copyright © 2010 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Automatic identification of otological drilling faults: an intelligent recognition algorithm
Authors: Cao Tianyang , Li Xisheng , Gao Zhiqiang , Feng Guodong , Shen Peng 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackgroundThis article presents an intelligent recognition algorithm that can recognize milling states of the otological drill by fusing multi‐sensor information.MethodsAn otological drill was modified by the addition of sensors. The algorithm was designed according to features of the milling process and is composed of a characteristic curve, an adaptive filter and a rule base. The characteristic curve can weaken the impact of the unstable normal milling process and reserve the features of drilling faults. The adaptive filter is capable of suppressing interference in the characteristic curve by fusing multi‐sensor information. The rule base can identify drilling faults through the filtering result data.ResultsThe experiments were repeated on fresh porcine scapulas, including normal milling and two drilling faults. The algorithm has high rates of identification.ConclusionsThis study shows that the intelligent recognition algorithm can identify drilling faults under interference conditions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Uncoating of human rhinoviruses
Authors: Fuchs Renate , Blaas Dieter 
Published: May 2010

AbstractHuman rhinoviruses (HRVs) are a major cause of the common cold. The more than one hundred serotypes, divided into species HRV‐A and HRV‐B, either bind intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (major group viruses) or members of the low‐density lipoprotein receptor (minor group viruses) for cell entry. Some major group HRVs can also access the host cell via heparan sulphate proteoglycans. The cell attachment protein(s) of the recently discovered phylogenetic clade HRV‐C is unknown. The respective receptors direct virus uptake via clathrin‐dependent or independent endocytosis or via macropinocytosis. Triggered by ICAM‐1 and/or the low pH environment in endosomes the virions undergo conformational alterations giving rise to hydrophobic subviral particles. These are handed over from the receptors to the endosomal membrane. According to the current view, the RNA genome is released through an opening at one of the fivefold axes of the icosahedral capsid and crosses the membrane through a pore presumably formed by viral proteins. Alternatively, the membrane may be ruptured allowing subviral particles and RNA to enter the cytosol. Whether a channel is formed or the membrane is disrupted most probably depends on the respective HRV receptor. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An overview of S‐DMB system and the testbed for satellite–mobile convergence services
Authors: Chung Kuik , Yu Jaehwang 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis paper presents the system and architecture of Satellite‐Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (S‐DMB) in Korea. TU Media Corp., the S‐DMB service company, now delivers 21 video channels, 16 audio channels including premium channels to subscribers in Korea. This service provides a high quality of reception with full coverage for the Korean peninsular at travelling speeds of over 300 km/h. A testbed system has been developed to prove the viability of the satellite–mobile convergence services. In this paper, the S‐DMB system and testbed system are described. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.