bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teaching action sequences after brain injury: a comparison of modelling and moulding techniques
Authors: Zlotowitz Sally , Fallow Kirsty , Illingworth Victoria , Liu Clarence , Greenwood Richard , Papps Ben 
Published: June 2010

Objective: To compare the relative effectiveness of a modelling and a moulding instructional technique for teaching action sequences to participants with brain injury in rehabilitation settings. Design: Randomized crossover design. Setting: Regional Neurological Rehabilitation Unit. Subjects: Sixteen participants with an acquired brain injury undergoing early inpatient rehabilitation. Intervention: Participants were instructed to recall two different sequences of seven hand movements after a short (5 minutes) and longer delay (30 minutes). Participants were taught the sequences using moulding and modelling techniques. Main outcome measure: Participants’ recall of the sequence measured after the short and longer delay for each instructional technique. Results: Participants recalled the sequence after the longer delay (30 minutes) significantly more accurately (Z = 1.91, P =0.028) when taught using the modelling instructional technique (mean 2.63, SD 1.55) compared to the moulding technique (mean 1.56, SD 1.63). There were no significant differences between the participants’ recall scores after a short delay. Participants who scored lower on a delayed memory subtest of a neuropsychological test benefitted more from the modelling technique. Conclusion: The use of a modelling instructional technique to teach brain-injured participants an action sequence during their rehabilitation may be more effective for their longer term performance than a moulding instructional technique.
The crystal structure of parkinsonite, nominally Pb7MoO9Cl2: a naturally occurring Aurivillius phase
Authors: Lepore G. O. , Welch M. D. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe crystal structure of the sheet oxychloride mineral parkinsonite, nominally Pb7MoO9Cl2, has been determined for synthetic and natural crystals of analysed compositions, (Pb7.28Mo0.72) O8.96Cl1.96 and (Pb7.23Mo0.40V0.37)O8.90Cl1.82, respectively. Parkinsonite is tetragonal, space group I4/mmm. Unit-cell parameters for synthetic and natural crystals are: asynthetic = 3.9773(4) Å, csynthetic = 22.718(4) Å, Vsynthetic = 359.38(5) Å3, and anatural = 3.9570(3) Å, cnatural = 22.634(5) Å, Vnatural = 354.40(5) Å3. Final agreement indices (R1, wR2) for refinements of the two crystals are 0.024, 0.067 (synthetic) and 0.036, 0.078 (natural). Although a superlattice has been identified by electron diffraction for crystals of both samples (Welch et al., 1996), only the substructure could be determined by X-ray diffraction. This X-ray invisibility of the superstructure has also been observed for the closely related sheet oxychlorides asisite and schwartzembergite, for both of which superstructure motifs have been identified by electron diffraction. The Pb(1) site of both parkinsonite crystals is fully occupied by Pb. Refinement of the Pb content of the Pb(2) site for the synthetic and natural crystals gives occupancies of 0.85(1) and 0.70(1) respectively, corresponding to 3.40 and 2.80 Pb(2) a.p.f.u. respectively. The substituent cation Mo (synthetic crystal) and [Mo+V] (natural crystal) was located at a distance of 0.5 Å from Pb(2), being displaced along the fourfold axis. The reduced occupancy of Pb(2) is due to substitution by Mo or [Mo+V]. No evidence for separate Mo and V sites in the substructure of natural parkinsonite was found. Refined occupancies of the Cl site are 0.84(4) and 0.91(5) for the synthetic and natural crystals, respectively, and are consistent with the 9:1 superstructure component identified by electron diffraction.
Byzantievite, Ba5(Ca,REE,Y)22(Ti,Nb)18(SiO4)4[(PO4),(SiO4)]4 (BO3)9O21[(OH),F]43(H2O)1.5: the crystal structure and crystal chemistry of the only known mineral with the oxyanions (BO3), (SiO4) and (PO4)
Authors: Sokolova E. , Hawthorne F. C. , Pautov L. A. , Agakhanov A. A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe crystal structure of byzantievite, Ba5(Ca,REE,Y)22(Ti,Nb)18(SiO4)4[(PO4),(SiO4)]4 (BO3)9O21[(OH),F]43(H2O)1.5, a new mineral from the moraine of the Dara-i-Pioz glacier, the Alai mountain ridge, Tien-Shan Mountains, northern Tajikistan, was solved by direct methods and refined to R1 = 13.14% based on 3794 observed [Fo >4σ|F|] unique reflections measured with Mo-Kα X-radiation on a Bruker P4 diffractometer equipped with a CCD detector. Byzantievite is hexagonal, space group R3, a = 9.1202(2) Å, c = 102.145(5) Å, V = 7358.0(5) Å3, Z = 3, Dcalc. = 4.151 g cm–3. The empirical formula (electron microprobe analysis) is Ba5.05[(Ca8.99Sr0.96Fe2+0.42Na0.20)Σ10.57(Ce3.46La1.54Nd1.20Pr0.30Sm0.26Dy0.41Gd0.32Th0.39U4+0.17)Σ8.05Y3.53]Σ22.15(Ti12.31Nb5.30)Σ17.61(SiO4)4.65(PO4)3.12(BO3)8.89O22.16(OH)38.21F4.89(H2O)1.5, Z = 3, calculated on the basis of 124.5 (O + F) a.p.f.u. The H2O and OH contents were calculated from structure refinement (F + OH = 43 a.p.f.u.; H2O = 1.5 a.p.f.u..), and B was determined by SIMS. The crystal structure is a framework of Ti-Ba-Ca-REE-dominant polyhedra and SiO4, PO4 and BO3 groups. In the crystal structure, there are 50 cation sites, 23 of which are fully occupied and 27 partly occupied: six of the 27 partly-occupied sites are >50% occupied, 21 <50% occupied. The crystal structure of byzantievite is an intercalation of three components, one fully ordered with 100% occupancy of cation sites, and two partly ordered with cation-site occupancies of 67% and 17% respectively. Byzantievite is the only known mineral that contains all three of the oxyanions (BO3), (SiO4) and (PO4) as essential components.
Eringaite, Ca3Sc2(SiO4)3, a new mineral of the garnet group
Authors: Galuskina I. O. , Galuskin E. V. , Lazic B. , Armbruster T. , Dzierżanowski P. , Prusik K. , Wrzalik R. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractEringaite, Ca3Sc2(SiO4)3, a new mineral of the garnet group, is an accessory mineral in metasomatic rodingite-like rocks from the Wiluy River, Sakha-Yakutia Republic, Russia. Eringaite forms regular growth zones and irregular spots in complex garnet crystals containing a kimzeyite core. An electron back-scatter diffraction pattern with an excellent match to a garnet model with a = 12.19 Å was obtained for a grain with the largest Sc2O3 content having the crystal chemical formula (Ca2.98Y0.01Mg0.01)Σ3(Sc0.82Ti4+0.44Fe3+0.30Zr0.21Mg0.10Al0.09Cr3+0.08Fe2+0.05V3+0.01)Σ2.01(Si2.48Al0.30Fe3+0.22)Σ3O12. Eringaite is light brown to yellow with a creamy white streak. The crystals are transparent with a vitreous lustre. The calculated density of eringaite is 3.654 g cm–3. The following main modes of the Raman spectrum are characteristic of eringaite: 335, 511, 735, 880 and 937 cm–1. The strongest lines of the calculated powder diffraction data are as follows [(hkl) dhkl (I)] (400) 3.064 (69), (420) 2.740 (100), (422) 2.502 (68), (640) 1.670 (30), (642) 1.638 (82), (840) 1.370 (20), (842) 1.137 (19), (10.4.2) 1.119 (29).
A nematode demographics assay in transgenic roots reveals no significant impacts of the Rhg1locus LRR-Kinase on soybean cyst nematode resistance
Authors: Melito Sara , Heuberger Adam L , Cook David , Diers Brian W , MacGuidwin Ann E , Bent Andrew F 
Published: June 2010

Abstract

Background
Soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines, SCN) is the most economically damaging pathogen of soybean (Glycine max) in the U.S. The Rhg1 locus is repeatedly observed as the quantitative trait locus with the greatest impact on SCN resistance. The Glyma18g02680.1 gene at the Rhg1 locus that encodes an apparent leucine-rich repeat transmembrane receptor-kinase (LRR-kinase) has been proposed to be the SCN resistance gene, but its function has not been confirmed. Generation of fertile transgenic soybean lines is difficult but methods have been published that test SCN resistance in transgenic roots generated with Agrobacterium rhizogenes.

Results
We report use of artificial microRNA (amiRNA) for gene silencing in soybean, refinements to transgenic root SCN resistance assays, and functional tests of the Rhg1 locus LRR-kinase gene. A nematode demographics assay monitored infecting nematode populations for their progress through developmental stages two weeks after inoculation, as a metric for SCN resistance. Significant differences were observed between resistant and susceptible control genotypes. Introduction of the Rhg1 locus LRR-kinase gene (genomic promoter/coding region/terminator; Peking/PI 437654-derived SCN-resistant source), into rhg1
- SCN-susceptible plant lines carrying the resistant-source Rhg4

+
locus, provided no significant increases in SCN resistance. Use of amiRNA to reduce expression of the LRR-kinase gene from the Rhg1 locus of Fayette (PI 88788 source of Rhg1) also did not detectably alter resistance to SCN. However, silencing of the LRR-kinase gene did have impacts on root development.

Conclusion
The nematode demographics assay can expedite testing of transgenic roots for SCN resistance. amiRNAs and the pSM103 vector that drives interchangeable amiRNA constructs through a soybean polyubiqutin promoter (Gmubi), with an intron-GFP marker for detection of transgenic roots, may have widespread use in legume biology. Studies in which expression of the Rhg1 locus LRR-kinase gene from different resistance sources was either reduced or complemented did not reveal significant impacts on SCN resistance.
On Nonstationary Motion of a Compressible Barotropic Viscous Fluid with Boundary Slip Condition
Authors: Zaja̧czkowski W. M. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Global existence of solutions of equations of compressible barotropic viscous fluids in a bounded domain with boundary slip condition which are sufficiently close to a rest state is proved. Moreover, stability of the solutions and existence of corresponding stationary solutions are shown too.
Oscillatory Solutions of a Class of Nonlinear Impulsive Differential Equations of First Order with Retarded Argument
Authors: Bainov D. D. , Dimitrova M. B. , Dishliev A. B. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Sufficient conditions are found for oscillation of all solutions to a class of nonlinear impulsive differential equations of first order with retarded argument and fixed moments of impulse effect.
Mixed Coderivatives of Set–Valued Mappings in Variational Analysis
Authors: Mordukhovich B. S. , Shao Y. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
We consider a refined coderivative construction for nonsmooth and set-valued mappings between Banach spaces. This limiting mixed coderivative is different from “normal” coderivatives generated by normal cones/subdifferentials and turns out to be useful for studying some basic propertiers in variational analysis particularly related to Lipschitzian stability. We develop a strong calculus for this coderivative important for various applications.
Formation of Condensed Particles in Premixed Flames Catalyzed by Metal Carbonyls
Authors: Emelianov A. , Eremin A. , Jander H. , Wagner H.Gg. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
The formation of condensed particles in atmospheric ethylene-oxygen and acetylene-air premixed flames catalyzed by the vapours of Fe(CO)5 and Mo(CO)6 was studied in the wide range of C/O ratio. Laser scattering and extinction measurements were carried out in a wide frame of flame conditions. The structure and the morphology of formed particles were analyzed using electron microscope. Different formation of the particles takes place due to the fuels and also to the catalyst. In the C2H2/air flame catalyzed with Mo(CO)6, particle formation starts at about threshold of soot formation (C/O ~ 0.6), while in the flames doped with Fe(CO)5, particle formation starts already in the lean range of both premixed flames investigated here.
Long-Term Cardiovascular Risk in Type 2 Diabetic Compared With Nondiabetic First Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients
Authors: Cano J. Francisco , Baena-Diez Jose M. , Franch Josep , Vila Joan , Tello Susana , Sala Joan , Elosua Roberto , Marrugat Jaume ,   on behalf of the REGICOR and GEDAPS Investigators
Published: June 2010

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to determine whether long-term cardiovascular risk differs in type 2 diabetic patients compared with first acute myocardial infarction patients in a Mediterranean region, considering therapy, diabetes duration, and glycemic control.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A prospective population-based cohort study with 10-year follow-up was performed in 4,410 patients aged 30–74 years: 2,260 with type 2 diabetes without coronary heart disease recruited in 53 primary health care centers and 2,150 with first acute myocardial infarction without diabetes recruited in 10 hospitals. We compared coronary heart disease incidence and cardiovascular mortality rates in myocardial infarction patients and diabetic patients, including subgroups by diabetes treatment, duration, and A1C.

RESULTS
The adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for 10-year coronary heart disease incidence and for cardiovascular mortality were significantly lower in men and women with diabetes than in myocardial infarction patients: HR 0.54 (95% CI 0.45–0.66) and 0.28 (0.21–0.37) and 0.26 (0.19–0.36) and 0.16 (0.10–0.26), respectively. All diabetic patient subgroups had significantly fewer events than myocardial infarction patients: the HR of cardiovascular mortality ranged from 0.15 (0.09–0.26) to 0.36 (0.24–0.54) and that of coronary heart disease incidence ranged from 0.34 (0.26–0.46) to 0.56 (0.43–0.72).

CONCLUSIONS
Lower long-term cardiovascular risk was found in type 2 diabetic and all subgroups analyzed compared with myocardial infarction patients. These results do not support equivalence in coronary disease risk for diabetic and myocardial infarction patients.
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in dementia patients with frontal lobe symptoms
Authors: Naik Mala , Lundervold Arvid , Nygaard Harald , Geitung Jonn-Terje 
Published: June 2010

Background: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a recent MRI technique demonstrating white matter tracts in the brain. Dementia is a neurodegenerative disease and this method has been used to demonstrate the loss of axonal fibers and myelin and decrease of fiber density in this condition. Purpose: To study a possible correlation between frontal lobe symptoms in patients with dementia and reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) in white matter/fascicles in the frontal lobes. Material and Methods: The study included 23 patients with dementia and frontal lobe symptoms and 20 controls (10 Alzheimer patients without frontal lobe symptoms and 10 normal controls). Clinical tests and MRI with DTI were performed. FA in subcortical white matter of both the frontal lobes was analyzed and correlated with clinical frontal score tests. Results: We found a significant correlation between frontal score results and reduction in FA in the frontal lobes. The FA in the study group was significantly lower than the FA in the control group. Conclusion: The present study reveals that there is a probable correlation between the extent of frontal lobe symptoms and FA in fascicles/white matter tissue in the frontal lobes.
Clinical fMRI of language function in aphasic patients: Reading paradigm successful, while word generation paradigm fails
Authors: Engström Maria , Karlsson Marie , Croné Marie , Ragnehed Mattias , Antepohl Wolfram , Landtblom Anne-Marie , Lundberg Peter 
Published: June 2010

Background: In fMRI examinations, it is very important to select appropriate paradigms assessing the brain function of interest. In addition, the patients’ ability to perform the required cognitive tasks during fMRI must be taken into account. Purpose: To evaluate two language paradigms, word generation and sentence reading for their usefulness in examinations of aphasic patients and to make suggestions for improvements of clinical fMRI. Material and Methods: Five patients with aphasia after stroke or trauma sequelae were examined by fMRI. The patients’ language ability was screened by neurolinguistic tests and elementary pre-fMRI language tests. Results: The sentence-reading paradigm succeeded to elicit adequate language-related activation in perilesional areas whereas the word generation paradigm failed. These findings were consistent with results on the behavioral tests in that all patients showed very poor performance in phonemic fluency, but scored well above mean at a reading comprehension task. Conclusion: The sentence-reading paradigm is appropriate to assess language function in this patient group, while the word-generation paradigm seems to be inadequate. In addition, it is crucial to use elementary pre-fMRI language tests to guide the fMRI paradigm decision.
Response of Texas Peanut to Chlorimuron Alone and in Various Combinations
Authors: Grichar W. James , Dotray Peter A. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Field studies were conducted in 2005 and 2006 in south Texas and the southern High Plains of Texas to determine peanut response to POST applications of chlorimuron at 9 g ha−1. Treatments included chlorimuron alone, imazethapyr applied 21 days after planting (DAP) followed by chlorimuron applied POST, and chlorimuron plus either 2,4-DB or chlorothalonil in combination applied POST. Postemergence herbicide applications were made 60, 74, and 88 DAP at the southern High Plains location or 67, 81, or 95 DAP at the south Texas location. No difference in peanut stunting was observed with any chlorimuron treatments at the south Texas location. At the High Plains location, chlorimuron alone, imazethapyr followed by chlorimuron, and chlorimuron in combination with 2,4-DB stunting was greater than chlorimuron in combination with chlorothalonil in one of two years. Imazethapyr followed by chlorimuron reduced peanut yield in one year in south Texas. No peanut grade (sound mature kernels plus sound splits) differences between chlorimuron treatments were noted at the south Texas location, but for the southern High Plains location, peanut grade was greater when peanut was treated with imazethapyr followed by chlorimuron compared to the other chlorimuron treatments.
Reaction of the Core Collection of Peanut Germplasm to Sclerotinia Blight and Pepper Spot1
Authors: Damicone J. P. , Holbrook C. C. , Smith D. L. , Melouk H. A. , Chamberlin K. D. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
In 2001, entries from the peanut core collection, a subset of the USDA peanut germplasm collection, were planted in non-replicated plots in a field with a history of Sclerotinia blight caused by Sclerotinia minor. Variability existed among entries for reaction to Sclerotinia blight. Of the 744 entries evaluated, 11% had no disease, nearly 30% had &lt;10% disease incidence, and only 21% had 50% disease incidence or more. Most of the resistant entries had an upright growth habit and were in early and mid-maturity groups. Many of the early maturing entries were susceptible to the foliar disease pepper spot which occurred throughout the study. Entries were selected for further evaluation in replicated plots based on a nil to low (&lt;10%) incidence of Sclerotinia blight, adaptation and/or vigor, and other desirable characteristics such as an intermediate to prostrate growth habit and pepper spot resistance. Selected entries were retested in both 2002 and 2003 (n  =  62) and compared to resistant (Tamspan 90), moderately resistant (Tamrun 96), and susceptible (Okrun) reference cultivars. Most entries (55 in 2001 and 46 in 2003) had disease incidence less than Tamrun 96 and similar to Tamspan 90. In 2003 when disease incidence was highest, all 46 entries with resistant reactions similar to that of Tamspan 90 had erect plant growth habits except for entries 208 and 582 which were prostrate, and entries 273, 128, and 804 which were intermediate. Resistance to Sclerotinia blight and yield similar to Tamspan 90, plant habit, and/or reactions to pepper spot and web blotch were used to select the best entries. Entries 208, 128, 804, 582, and 273 combined resistance to Sclerotinia blight, pepper spot, and web blotch with less than erect growth habits. Entry 103 had good Sclerotinia blight resistance and yield, but an upright growth habit. Entry 92 had an upright growth habit and low yield, but good Sclerotinia blight resistance. Entries 92 and 103 had upright growth habits but were among the best entries for resistant to pepper spot and web blotch. Entries 426, 184, and 562 were upright and susceptible to pepper spot, but had resistance to web blotch and the best resistance to Sclerotinia blight. These entries appear to be useful sources of resistance to Sclerotinia blight for breeding programs and for increasing the probability of finding additional sources of resistance in clusters of germplasm identified within the entire USDA collection.
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Response to the Ethylene Binding Inhibitor 1-Methylcyclopropene
Authors: Taylor Z. G. , Fisher L. R. , Jordan D. L. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Senescence and abscission of mature peanut pods is controlled by the ethylene cascade. Reducing senescence and abscission could involve inhibiting the ethylene cascade and allow greater harvest flexibility in peanut. Application of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), the ethylene binding inhibitor, may reduce senescence and abscission of mature peanut pods. Research was conducted from 2005 through 2008 in North Carolina to determine the effects of 1-MCP on pod yield and percentages of sound mature kernels (%SMK), sound splits (%SS), total sound mature kernels (%TSMK), other kernels (%OK), extra large kernels (%ELK), fancy pods (%FP), and pod retention. Treatments of 1-MCP were applied at 26 g ai/ha plus a crop oil concentrate at 7, 10, or 14 d prior to digging peanut at the projected optimum digging date. Peanut was dug at the projected optimum digging date or at 7 or 20 d after projected optimum digging date. The cultivars NC-V 11 (2005 and 2007), Phillips (2006 and 2007), and Perry (2008) were evaluated in separate experiments. Pod yield, %SMK, %TSMK, %SS, %OK, %ELK, and %FP were not affected by 1-MCP regardless of application timing when NC-V 11 and Phillips were evaluated. Only %SMK and %TSMK were affected by 1-MCP when applied to the cultivar Perry. Digging date affected pod yield and market grade characteristics. When digging of Phillips and Perry was delayed by 7 or 20 d past the optimum digging date, %SMK and %TSMK increased. Pod retention, determined by comparing the number and mass of pods/plant following digging, was affected by digging date and location but not 1-MCP treatment. These data suggest that 1-MCP will have little activity on peanut pod yield, market grade characteristics, or pod retention.