bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GroEL1, a Heat Shock Protein 60 of Chlamydia pneumoniae, Induces Lectin-Like Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor 1 Expression in Endothelial Cells and Enhances Atherogenesis in Hypercholesterolemic Rabbits
Authors: Lin Feng-Yen , Lin Yi-Wen , Huang Chun-Yao , Chang Yu-Jia , Tsao Nai-Wen , Chang Nen-Chung , Ou Keng-Liang , Chen Ta-Liang , Shih Chun-Ming , Chen Yung-Hsiang 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (LOX-1) plays a major role in oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced vascular inflammation. Chlamydia pneumoniae has been found in atherosclerotic lesions and is related to atherosclerotic pathogenesis, although its specific mechanism remains unknown. This study was conducted to investigate the mechanisms of LOX-1 expression in GroEL1 (a heat shock protein from C. pneumoniae)-administered human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) and atherogenesis in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. We demonstrated that in the hypercholesterolemic rabbit model, GroEL1 administration enhanced fatty streak and macrophage infiltration in atherosclerotic lesions, which may be mediated by elevated LOX-1 expression. In in vitro study using HCAECs, stimulation with GroEL1 increased TLR4 and LOX-1 expression. Increased LOX-1 expression was downregulated by Akt activation and PI3K-mediated endothelial NO synthase activation. PI3K inhibitor and NO synthase inhibitor induced LOX-1 mRNA production, whereas the NO donor ameliorated the increasing effect of LOX-1 mRNA in GroEL1-stimulated HCAECs. LOX-1 expression was regulated by NADPH oxidase, which mediates reactive oxygen species production and intracellular MAPK signaling pathway in GroEL1-stimulated HCAECs. Treatment with polyethylene-glycol–conjugated superoxide dismutase, apocynin, or diphenylene iodonium significantly decreased GroEL1-induced LOX-1 expression, as did the knockdown of Rac1 gene expression by RNA interference. In conclusion, the GroEL1 protein may induce LOX-1 expression in endothelial cells and atherogenesis in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. The elevated level of LOX-1 in vitro may be mediated by the PI3K–Akt signaling pathway, endothelial NO synthase activation, NADPH oxidase-mediated reactive oxygen species production, and MAPK activation in GroEL1-stimulated HCAECs. The GroEL1 protein of C. pneumoniae may contribute to vascular inflammation and cardiovascular disorders.
α-Galactosylceramide–Induced Airway Eosinophilia Is Mediated through the Activation of NKT Cells
Authors: Chuang Ya-Hui , Wang Tzu-Chun , Jen Hsiao-Yu , Yu Alice L. , Chiang Bor-Luen 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells bridge innate and adaptive immune responses, resulting in the expansion of Ag-specific B and T cell responses. α-Galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), the most studied glycolipid that activates iNKT cells, has been proposed to be an effective adjuvant against infections and tumors. We found that the activation of iNKT cells by intranasal injection of α-GalCer induced airway eosinophilia in naive mice. Eosinophils, which mediate tissue damage and dysfunction by secreting mediators, play important roles in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of how eosinophils are recruited to the lung by α-GalCer. Our results demonstrated that α-GalCer–induced eosinophil inflammation was mediated through iNKT cells. These cells secreted IL-5 to recruit eosinophils directly to the lung and/or secreted IL-4 and IL-13 to recruit eosinophils indirectly by inducing lung epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblast to secrete the eosinophil chemoattractant eotaxin. In addition, in the OVA-alum murine model of allergic asthma, α-GalCer administration in OVA-immunized mice also increased airway eosinophilia after challenge. Given our findings, intranasal administration of α-GalCer induced airway eosinophilic inflammation in both naive and allergic mice. Hence, it remains to be determined whether the activation of iNKT cells would be applicable in therapeutics for human diseases.
On Complemented Subspaces of Non-Archimedean Power Series Spaces
Authors: Śliwa Wiesław , Ziemkowska Agnieszka 
Published: March 2011

Abstract The non-archimedean power series spaces, A1(a) and A∞(b), are the best known and most important examples of non-archimedean nuclear Fréchet spaces. We prove that the range of every continuous linear map from Ap(a) to Aq(b) has a Schauder basis if either p = 1 or p = ∞ and the set Mb,a of all bounded limit points of the double sequence (bi/aj )i, j∈ℕ is bounded. It follows that every complemented subspace of a power series space Ap(a) has a Schauder basis if either p = 1 or p = ∞ and the set Ma,a is bounded.
Inequalities for Eigenvalues of a General Clamped Plate Problem
Authors: Ghanbari K. , Shekarbeigi B. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractLet D be a connected bounded domain in ℝn. Let 0 < μ1 ≤ μ2 ≤ … ≤ μk ≤ … be the eigenvalues of the following Dirichlet problem:where V(x) is a nonnegative potential, and is positive. We prove the following inequalities:
Kiguradze-type Oscillation Theorems for Second Order Superlinear Dynamic Equations on Time Scales
Authors: Baoguo Jia , Erbe Lynn , Peterson Allan 
Published: March 2011

AbstractConsider the second order superlinear dynamic equationwherep∈C(, ℝ),is a time scale,ƒ: ℝ → ℝ is continuously differentiable and satisfiesƒ′(x) > 0, andx ƒ(x) > 0 forx≠ 0. Furthermore,f(x) also satisfies a superlinear condition, which includes the nonlinear functionƒ(x) =xαwith α > 1, commonly known as the Emden–Fowler case. Here the coefficient functionp(t) is allowed to be negative for arbitrarily large values oft. In addition to extending the result of Kiguradze for (∗) in the real case= ℝ, we obtain analogues in the difference equation andq-difference equation cases.
Tendencias de los diarios digitales en Perú
Authors: Yezers´ka Lyudmyla 
Published: March 2011

Este artículo analiza algunas de las tendencias del desarrollo de los medios digitales en Perú. Para ello, se presentan los resultados obtenidos mediante una encuesta realizada a los responsables de las redacciones digitales de los periódicos nacionales de información general que, al finalizar la primera década de la existencia del ciberperiodismo en país (1995-2005), tenían ediciones en internet. Desde una perspectiva histórica, diferentes etapas de la evolución y consolidación de las ediciones diarias peruanas en internet, no han tenido una delimitación temporal definida. Cada medio ha avanzado a su ritmo, dependiendo –entre otros factores– del momento de entrada en la Red, del personal destinado a la publicación y, sobre todo, de la solidez de la empresa periodística y su política respecto a la edición digital. En relación con la presencia en internet, los diarios digitales han manifestado un crecimiento constante y numeroso, a lo largo de la primera década (1995-2005).
La evolución del código cromático de las portadas de Abc, 1936-1939
Authors: Pérez Cuadrado Pedro 
Published: March 2011

En 1936, Abc era un diario que editaba de forma notable y a todo color su edición dominical. El periódico imprimía ya entonces con dos sistemas diferentes –tipografía y huecograbado– y estaba a la vanguardia tecnológica. Este trabajo de investigación pretende, en primera instancia, documentar cómo el diario español había llegado a alcanzar tal nivel de calidad y cómo, a partir de ésta, establece los procesos de estampación en color (tricromía primero y cuatricromía después) de forma regular y por primera vez en España para un medio de comunicación.
En la misma línea, se pretende hacer especial hincapié en los significados que el color propone en un medio impreso a mediados del siglo XX (todavía faltan más de 60 años para que el color sea una constante en la prensa diaria española) y cómo la guerra civil influiría de forma radical en este proceso: primero, para modificar los lenguajes de color en la estética belicista dominante y, por último, para hacerlo desaparecer definitivamente por razones obvias.
Treatment Decision in the Management of Laryngeal Cancer: An Overview
Authors: Kannan R , Pradhan Sultan A 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA spectrum of treatment plans and surgical procedures are available for management of laryngeal cancer. Transoral laser resection has proved an effective, minimally invasive and functionally satisfactory procedure for management of suitable T1 and T2 glottic cancers, and stage I-III supraglottic cancers. Introduction of chemoradiotherapy has also made great impact on the laryngeal preservation. The treatment of laryngeal cancer should be individualized according to the size and extent of the tumor, the age and physical condition of the patient, and the skill and experience of the surgeon with various treatment modalities and surgical procedures.
Near-total Laryngectomy
Authors: Pai Prathamesh S , Pradhan Sultan A 
Published: March 2011

AbstractDr. Bruce Pearson described near-total laryngectomy (NTL) in 19811a procedure which creates a biological shunt between the airway and the neopharynx to restore speech. Unlike other biological shunts, this is a dynamic myomucosal shunt which has universal applicability as seen by various series published from around the world.2-11We feel that the NTL procedure is oncologically safe and can provide a serviceable, prosthesis free voice and should be considered as a sound treatment option in advanced but lateralized cancers of the laryngopharynx. NTL has been described extensively in literature but we would like to highlight in this technical note a few modifications which we have found to be suitable and easily applicable by surgeons who regularly perform a total laryngectomy. We feel strongly that each and every surgeon who intends to treat laryngopharyngeal cancer should be well versed in this technique. A NTL shunt performed in a suitable patient gives the ability to phonate at will and makes the patient independent of a medical professional since the shunt is permanent and maintenance free.
Liberal Use of Pectoralis Major Muscle Flap Reduces Incidence of Pharyngocutaneous Fistula Following Salvage Laryngectomy
Authors: Souza Chris de , Chaturvedi Pankaj , Kale Shriketan 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPatients undergoing salvage laryngectomy following chemoradiotherapy are more vulnerable to develop pharyngocutaneous fistula. This is due to fibrosis and reduced vascularity that results in poor postoperative healing. We are presenting a simple technique that can reduce this distressing complication. In patients where primary closure cannot be achieved, myocutaneous flap to reconstruct the pharynx reduces the incidence of postoperative complications. Similarly, buttressing of the suture line with the pectoralis major myofacial flap has been shown to reduce the fistula rates. Needless to say that pectoralis major muscle flap is a robust flap with acceptable complication rates.
Production of Lentiviral Vectors in Protein‐free Media
Authors: Kuroda Hitoshi , Marino Michael P. , Kutner Robert H. , Reiser Jakob 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe use of lentiviral vectors for transgene delivery in vitro and in vivo for applications in neuroscience, hematology, developmental biology, stem cell biology, and transgenesis has become commonplace. Lentiviral vectors provide an attractive toolfor transgene delivery in part because of their ability to incorporate(integrate)into the genomic DNA of target cells with high efficiency, especially in cells thatare not actively dividing. In addition, lentiviral vector‐mediated transgeneexpression can be maintained for long periods of time. In this unit, we describe protocols for lentiviral vector production in protein‐free media using polyethylenimine (PEI)‐mediated transfection, resulting in consistent lentiviral vector stocks. Such stocks are then concentrated by ultracentrifugation. We also provide reliable QPCR protocols to titrate lentiviral vectors based on vector DNA copies present in genomic DNA extracted from transduced cells. The vector production and titration protocol described here can be completed within 8 days. Curr. Protoc. Cell Biol. 50:26.8.1‐26.8.13. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Hyperostosis frontalis interna: What does it tell us about our health?
Authors: MAY Hila , Peled Nathan , Dar Gali , Abbas Janan , Hershkovitz Israel 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjectives: To examine whether the prevalence and severity of hyperostosis frontalis interna (HFI) has significantly changed during the past 100 years.Methods: Two female populations, 100 years apart, were studied; 992 historic and 568 present day females. Detection of HFI was carried out via direct observation or CT images (Brilliance 64, Philips Medical Systems, Cleveland, Ohio). HFI was graded according to Hershkovitz et al.'s (1999) 4‐scale definition and according May et al.'s (2010c) 3‐scale definition.Results: Following correction for age, present day females manifested a significantly higher HFI prevalence compared with historic females (P < 0.05). The risk of developing HFI was found to be approximately 2.5 times greater in present day females compared with females living 100 years ago (P < 0.05). In the young age cohort, present day females manifested a significantly higher prevalence of HFI type B (P < 0.05), whereas in the old age cohort, a significant difference in the prevalence of HFI types C and D was noted between the two groups (P < 0.05). HFI tended to appear at a younger age in the present population. The last two decades has witnessed an increase in HFI prevalence (from 55.6% to 75%).Conclusions: HFI prevalence has increased during the last century, especially among young individuals, possibly indicating a profound change in human fertility patterns, together with the introduction of various hormonal treatments) and new dietary habits. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage in animal models: Meta‐analysis
Authors: Frantzias Joseph , Sena Emily S. , Macleod Malcolm R. , Salman Rustam Al‐Shahi 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjectiveInterventions that improve functional outcome after acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in animals might benefit humans. Therefore, we systematically reviewed the literature to find studies of nonsurgical treatments tested in animal models of ICH.MethodsIn July 2009 we searched Ovid Medline (from 1950), Embase (from 1980), and ISI Web of Knowledge (from 1969) for controlled animal studies of nonsurgical interventions given after the induction of ICH that reported neurobehavioral outcome. We assessed study quality and performed meta‐analysis using a weighted mean difference random effects model.ResultsOf 13,343 publications, 88 controlled studies described the effects of 64 different medical interventions (given a median of 2 hours after ICH induction) on 38 different neurobehavioral scales in 2,616 treated or control animals (median 14 rodents per study). Twenty‐seven (31%) studies randomized treatment allocation, and 7 (8%) reported allocation concealment; these studies had significantly smaller effect sizes than those without these attributes (p < 0.001). Of 64 interventions stem cells, calcium channel blockers, anti‐inflammatory drugs, iron chelators, and estrogens improved both structural outcomes and neurobehavioral scores in >1 study. Meta‐regression revealed that together, structural outcome and the intervention used accounted for 65% of the observed heterogeneity in neurobehavioral score (p < 0.001, adjusted r2 = 0.65).InterpretationFurther animal studies of the interventions that we found to improve both functional and structural outcomes in animals, using better experimental designs, could target efforts to translate effective treatments for ICH in animals into randomized controlled trials in humans. Ann Neurol 2011
Alumina nanofibers obtained from poly(vinyl alcohol)/boehmite nanocomposites
Authors: Nakane Koji , Seto Mikita , Irie Satoshi , Ogihara Takashi , Ogata Nobuo 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPoly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/boehmite nanocomposite (precursor) nanofibers were formed by electrospinning using a PVA aqueous solution of dispersed boehmite nanoparticles as the spinning solution. The alumina nanofibers were obtained by calcination of the precursor nanofibers between 500 and 1200°C. The specific surface area of the precursor nanofibers was around 6 m2/g, and that of the γ‐alumina nanofibers calcined at 500°C was around 300 m2/g. The specific surface areas and the fiber diameters were not affected by the alumina contents in the precursors. Also, the diameter of the alumina nanofibers was not affected by the calcination temperature of the precursor nanofibers. The pore characteristics of the alumina nanofibers decreased with increased calcination temperature due to the sintering, and nonporous α‐alumina nanofibers were obtained by calcination of the precursor nanofibers at 1200°C. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Effect of multistratification and film depth on the visualized dynamic sorption behavior of perylene in cellulose acetate films by a confocal laser scanning microscope technique
Authors: Hasegawa Takashi , Matsumoto Kiyoshi , Matsui Toshiro 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe sorption behavior of a fluorescent reagent into a polymer film was visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and the effects of the additives, film types, and film depth on the diffusion coefficient (D) of the fluorescence reagent were examined. Perylene and cellulose acetate (CA) were used as a fluorescent reagent and a polymer material, respectively. Perylene dissolved in the additives triethylene glycol diacetate (TEGDA) and glycerol triacetate (GTA) was added to the CA film. Then, the evaluation of two types of CA films, a closed‐system cellulose acetate (CCA) sample and an open‐system cellulose acetate (OCA) sample, was conducted. At optimized CLSM conditions (with a scanning range at a 20‐μm depth from the CA film surface with 1‐μm intervals and a scanning speed of 1 fps), the sorption of perylene at the inner CA film was determined. The D values of perylene in the CA film were calculated pursuant to Fick's second law. Higher D values of perylene mixed with TEGDA versus those of perylene mixed with GTA were commonly obtained for the CCA sample (TEGDA: 8.9 × 10−15 m2/s > GTA: 1.7 × 10−15 m2/s) and the OCA sample (TEGDA: 11 × 10−15 m2/s > GTA: 3.3 × 10−15 m2/s) because of the higher chemical affinity of TEGDA with perylene than that of GTA. Perylene indicated a higher D value and was homogeneously distributed in the case of the OCA sample; we found that diffusivity and distribution of perylene in CA film were largely affected by the multistratification treatment. We also proved that the deeper the film depth was, the lower the diffusivity of perylene was, regardless of the types of additives and films. The factors considered for the film‐depth dependence of D were a gradual increase in the diffusion pathway for perylene caused by additive diffusion and the concentration dependence of the perylene D. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Electrical behavior of polyurethane derived from polyols synthesized with glycerol, phthalic anhydride, and oleic acid
Authors: Velayutham T. S. , Abd Majid W. H. , Gan S. N. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) conductivity of polyurethane (PUR) derived from polyols synthesized with glycerol, phthalic anhydride, and oleic acid were investigated in this article. The PUR was prepared by varying the oleic acid content in polyol (28, 40, and 65%) and the NCO/OH ratio of the PUR was varied to 1.2, 1.4, and 1.6. The electrical conduction studied by measuring the dependence of current on the applied field and temperature. Electrical conductivity in PUR was expressed by Arrhenius relations and the activation energies were calculated. Moreover, hyperbolic sine function was used to determine the conduction mechanism in PUR. It's presumed that the conduction mechanism was assisted by ions for the PUR which were contributed by oleic acid due to dissociation of protons and highly polar urethane groups in PUR. Furthermore, the dielectric behaviors of the material have been measured at room temperature in the frequency range of 100 Hz to 40 MHz. The frequency‐dependent conductivity of PUR materials has been analyzed using a Jonscher's power law expression and the plot exhibits the typical behavior of ionic materials, i.e., the DC plateau and the frequency dependent region. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Some properties of bacterial cellulose produced by new native strain Gluconacetobacter sp. A06O2 obtained from Turkish vinegar
Authors: Karahan Aynur Gül , Akoğlu Aylin , Çakır İbrahim , Kart Arzu , Çakmakçı M. Lütfü , Uygun Ayşegül , Göktepe Fatma 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe aim of the study was to isolate and identify an acetic acid bacterial strain having high cellulose yield and to investigate some physicochemical properties of bacterial cellulose (BC). Acetic acid bacteria were isolated by using 62 samples (vinegar, fruit, vegetable, and soil) from different region of Turkey. The cellulose production ability of 153 isolates was determined. A strain (A06O2) having high and stable cellulose yield was identified by biochemical tests and 16S rRNA gene sequencing and compared with type strain Gluconacetobacter xylinus NRRL B‐759. Based on the results, strain A06O2 was named at the genus level as Gluconacetobacter, however, species level identification could not be made. Celluloses from both strains were purified to investigate the physicochemical properties such as thermal properties, solubility in various solvents, elemental composition, tensile properties, and surface properties by FTIR and SEM. The results showed that the cellulose samples of two bacterial strains differed in the physicochemical properties. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Nickel‐Catalyzed Allylic Substitution of Simple Alkenes
Authors: Matsubara Ryosuke , Jamison Timothy F. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis report describes a nickel‐catalyzed allylic substitution process of simple alkenes whereby an important structural motif, a 1,4‐diene, was prepared. The key to success is the use of an appropriate nickel–phosphine complex and a stoichiometric amount of silyl triflate. Reactions of 1‐alkyl‐substituted alkenes consistently provided 1,1‐disubstituted alkenes with high selectivity. Insight into the reaction mechanism as well as miscellaneous application of the developed catalytic process is also documented.
What is the most appropriate LCA method for measuring greenhouse gas emissions from bioenergy?
Authors: Aylott Matthew , Higson Adrian , Evans Geraint , Hamer Alison , Mortimer Nigel 
Published: March 2011

AbstractLife cycle assessment (LCA) has become a vital tool in determining the sustainability of bioenergy. Matthew Aylott, Adrian Higson, Geraint Evans, Alison Hamer – from the UK's National Non‐Food Crops Centre – and Nigel Mortimer – North Energy Associates – explain how the assumptions we make and the method by which emissions are allocated in LCAs can have serious impacts on the conclusions we come to; conclusions which will shape the growth of the bioenergy sector. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd