bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uplifted marine terraces of the Akamas Peninsula (Cyprus): evidence of climatic conditions during the Late Quaternary highstands
Authors: FRÉBOURG GREGORY , HASLER CLAUDE‐ALAIN , DAVAUD ERIC 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAn outcrop study of uplifted marine terraces provides information on the climate of past sea‐level maxima, supplementing existing palaeoclimatological archives. The western coast of the Akamas Peninsula shows several uplifted and intricately stacked Quaternary marine terraces. This study focuses on the sedimentology, petrography and sequence stratigraphy of the last three recent terraces and provides palaeoclimatological reconstruction and chronological framing. All three terraces display basically the same stratigraphic succession, which consists of regressive sequences ranging from bioturbated, storm‐influenced, subtidal high‐energy sands to subaerial exposure and aeolian deposition. Each sequence differs in petrography, reflecting contemporaneous climatic conditions. The first studied sequence (Marine Isotope Stage 9 or 11?) was deposited in a warm, arid climate, with oligotrophic water favouring ooid formation. The second sequence (Marine Isotope Stage 7) displays colder but humid conditions, with lower carbonate production and strong detrital input. The third sequence (Marine Isotope Stage 5e) records warm, humid conditions, with high carbonate production combined with significant detrital input. These littoral terraces offer high‐quality outcrops of glacioeustatic‐dominated, littoral sedimentology, together with evidence indicative of the regional climate during the late Pleistocene.
Successful sirolimus rescue in tacrolimus‐induced thrombotic microangiopathy after living‐related liver transplantation
Authors: Czubkowski Piotr , Pawłowska Joanna , Jankowska Irena , Teisseyre Mikołaj , Kamińska Diana , Markiewicz Małgorzata , Ryżko Józef 
Published: November 2011

Czubkowski P, Pawłowska J, Jankowska I, Teisseyre M, Kamińska D, Markiewicz M, Ryżko J. Successful sirolimus rescue in tacrolimus‐induced thrombotic microangiopathy after living‐related liver transplantation. Pediatr Transplantation 2011: 00: 000–000. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  TMA is a rare complication of tacrolimus. Disruption of endothelial cells, platelet aggregation, and intravascular mechanical fragmentation of red cells are core mechanisms of injury; however, exact pathways of toxicity are not clear. The clinical presentation may vary but TMA is a potentially life‐threatening condition usually demanding aggressive treatment. We present the case of TMA in a child after living‐related liver transplantation (LRLTx) on tacrolimus‐based immunosuppressive regiment successfully converted to sirolimus.
Fatty acid profile and influence of oxythiamine on fatty acid content in Malassezia pachydermatis, Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Tylicki Adam , Siemieniuk Magdalena , Dobrzyn Pawel , Ziolkowska Grazyna , Nowik Magdalena , Czyzewska Urszula , Pyrkowska Aleksandra 
Published: November 2011

SummaryMalassezia pachydermatis and Candida albicans are fungi involved in the skin diseases and systemic infections. The therapy of such infections is difficult due to relapses and problems with pathogen identification. In our study, we compare the fatty acids profile of M. pachydermatis, C. albicans and S. cerevisiae to identify diagnostic markers and to investigate the effect of oxythiamine (OT) on the lipid composition of these species. Total fatty acid content is threefold higher in C. albicans and M. pachydermatis compared with S. cerevisiae. These two species have also increased level of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and decreased content of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). We noted differences in the content of longer chain (>18) fatty acids between studied species (for example a lack of 20 : 1 in S. cerevisiae and 22 : 0 in M. pachydermatis and C. albicans). OT reduces total fatty acids content in M. pachydermatis by 50%. In S. cerevisiae, OT increased PUFA whereas it decreased MUFA content. In C. albicans, OT decreased PUFA and increased MUFA and SFA content. The results show that the MUFA to PUFA ratio and the fatty acid profile could be useful diagnostic tests to distinguish C. albicans, M. pachydermatis and S. cerevisiae, and OT affected the lipid metabolism of the investigated species, especially M. pachydermatis.
Hyperglycaemia emerging during general anaesthesia induces rat acute kidney injury via impaired microcirculation, augmented apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation
Authors: EFRATI SHAI , BERMAN SYLVIA , HAMAD RAMZIA ABU , SIMAN‐TOV YARIV , CHANIMOV MICHAEL , WEISSGARTEN JOSHUA 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT:Aim:  Major surgery under general anaesthesia frequently triggers acute kidney injury by yet unknown mechanisms. We investigated the role of anaesthesia‐triggered systemic hyperglycaemia in impairment of renal functioning, renal tissue injury, intra‐renal Angiotensin‐II synthesis and endogenous insulin production in anaesthetized rats.Methods:  Eighty‐eight Sprague–Dawley rats underwent general anaesthesia for 1 h by different anaesthetic compounds. Some of the animals were either injected with high glucose, or received insulin prior to anaesthesia. Blood pressure, renal functioning estimated by cystatin‐C and urea, renal perfusion evaluated by laser Doppler technique, blood glucose and insulin were surveyed. Subsequently, rat kidneys were excised, to be used for immunohistochemical examinations or preparation of renal extracts for intra‐renal Angiotensin‐II measurements.Results:  Elevated blood sugar was observed 5 min following induction of anaesthesia, concurrently with deterioration of renal functioning, drop of systemic blood pressure and decreased renal blood flow. Blood insulin concentrations positively correlated with glucose levels. Intra‐renal Angiotensin‐II was significantly augmented. Immunohistochemical examinations demonstrated enhanced staining for pro‐apoptotic proteins and negligible cell proliferation in tubular tissues. Renal damage resultant from anaesthesia‐induced hyperglycaemia could be attenuated by insulin injections. Rats challenged with glucose prior to anaesthesia demonstrated cumulative hyperglycaemia, further increase in insulin secretion, drop of renal blood flow and increased apoptosis. The effects were specific, since they could not be mimicked by replacing glucose with mannose.Conclusion:  Anaesthesia‐induced hyperglycaemia affects intra‐renal auto‐regulation via decreased renal perfusion, thus triggering renal function deterioration and tubular injury. Increased intra‐renal Angiotensin‐II aggravates the damage. Tight hypoglycaemic control might prevent or, at least, attenuate anaesthesia‐induced renal injury.
Tracheal aspirate gene expression in preterm newborns and development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Hikino Shunji , Ohga Shouichi , Kinjo Tadamune , Kusuda Takeshi , Ochiai Masayuki , Inoue Hirosuke , Honjo Satoshi , Ihara Kenji , Ohshima Koichi , Hara Toshiro 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground:  Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) occurs in association with prenatal conditions predisposing infants to inflammation and remodeling of the premature lungs. Because of the lack of useful biomarkers for BPD, the gene expression of tracheal aspirate fluid (TAF) cells in premature infants was analyzed.Methods:  Of 148 consecutive patients, 26 preterm infants (gestational age <34 weeks) were enrolled, who underwent assisted ventilation at birth for respiratory failure. Patients with congenital disorders were excluded. Half of these infants developed BPD. Interleukin (IL)‐10, interferon (IFN)‐γ, transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1, and platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF)‐B mRNA of TAF cells were quantified on real‐time polymerase chain reaction.Results:  IL‐10 (P < 0.01) and IFN‐γ (P= 0.03) but not TGF‐β1 or PDGF‐B mRNA levels at birth were higher in BPD than in non‐BPD infants. IL‐10 expression differentiated BPD with the highest sensitivity (92%) and specificity (77%). IL‐10 levels correlated with TGF‐β1 (P= 0.03) and IFN‐γ (P= 0.01), but not with PDGF‐B levels. When BPD infants were classified according to comorbidity (group 1, six patients who suffered respiratory distress syndrome [RDS] but not chorioamnionitis [CAM]; group 2, five patients who had CAM but not RDS), PDGF‐B levels were higher in group 2 (P= 0.01). High IL‐10 expression was selected as a risk factor for BPD in infants who had CAM but not RDS (P= 0.01), although prolonged oxygen therapy was the most sensitive indicator for BPD (P < 0.01) on multivariate analysis.Conclusions:  High IL‐10 expression in TAF cells at birth could predict the evolution of BPD, but with less impact than oxygen requirement. PDGF might play a different role in the inflammatory process of premature lungs.
Day‐care service use is a risk factor for long‐term care placement in community‐dwelling dependent elderly
Authors: Kuzuya Masafumi , Izawa Sachiko , Enoki Hiromi , Hasegawa Jun 
Published: November 2011

Aims:  To identify predictors of long‐term care placement and to examine the effect of day‐care service use on long‐term care placement over a 36‐month follow‐up period among community‐dwelling dependent elderly.Methods:  This study was a prospective cohort analysis of 1739 community‐dwelling elderly and 1442 caregivers registered in the Nagoya Longitudinal Study for Frail Elderly. Data included the clients' demographic characteristics, basic activities of daily living, comorbidities, and use of home care services, including the day‐care, visiting nurse, and home‐help services, as well as caregivers' demographic characteristics and care burden. Analysis of long‐term care placement over 36 month was conducted using Kaplan–Meier curves and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models.Results:  Among the 1739 participants, 217 were institutionalized at long‐term care facilities during the 36‐month follow‐up. Multivariate Cox regression models, adjusted for potential confounders, showed that day‐care service use was significantly associated with an elevated risk for long‐term care placement within the 36‐month follow‐up period. Participants using a day‐care service two or more times/week had significantly higher relative hazard ratios than participants not using such a service.Conclusion:  The results highlight the need for effective measures to reduce the long‐term care placement of day‐care service users. Policy makers and practitioners must consider implementing multidimensional support programs to reduce the caregivers' willingness to consider long‐term care placement. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2012; 12: 322–329.
First prescription of new elderly patients attending the psychiatry outpatient of a tertiary care institute in North India
Authors: Grover Sandeep , Kumar Vineet , Avasthi Ajit , Kulhara Parmanand 
Published: November 2011

Aim:  There is lack of data on prescription patterns in elderly patients from developing countries. The aim of this study is to examine the first prescription given to elderly patients (age >60 years) attending the psychiatry outpatient clinic of a tertiary care hospital.Methods:  In this retrospective study, data on patients older than 60 years attending the psychiatric outpatient clinic of a tertiary care hospital between 1 January 2009 and 30 November 2010 were extracted from the computer‐based registry and analyzed.Results:  During the study period, 1192 new patients older than and equal to 60 years registered with the psychiatric outpatient clinic. Exact prescription data was available for 975 patients. The most common major diagnostic group was mood disorders (33.9%), followed by neurotic, stress‐related and somatoform disorders (23.1%). Across all diagnostic groups, olanzapine was the most commonly prescribed antipsychotic medication (20.7% of patients with an organic mental disorder, 40.8% with psychotic disorder, 30.2% with bipolar disorder); quetiapine and risperidone were the other commonly prescribed antipsychotics. Across all diagnostic groups, escitalopram was the most commonly prescribed antidepressant, and sertraline was the second most frequently prescribed SSRI. Among mood stabilizers, valproate was preferred over lithium (25.4% vs.12.7%). Sedative‐hypnotic medications were frequently prescribed across all diagnostic groups. Clonazepam and lorazepam were the most often prescribed benzodiazepines. The mean number of psychotropic medications was highest among bipolar disorder patients (1.84) and least among the patients with an organic mental disorder (1.25).Conclusions:  Olanzapine, SSRI and clonazepam were the most commonly prescribed antipsychotic, antidepressant, and benzodiazepine, respectively, and valproate was preferred over lithium among elderly patients with bipolar disorder. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2012; 12: 284–291.
Reading acquisition enhances an early visual process of contour integration
Authors: Szwed Marcin , Ventura Paulo , Querido Luis , Cohen Laurent , Dehaene Stanislas 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe acquisition of reading has an extensive impact on the developing brain and leads to enhanced abilities in phonological processing and visual letter perception. Could this expertise also extend to early visual abilities outside the reading domain? Here we studied the performance of illiterate, ex‐illiterate and literate adults closely matched in age, socioeconomic and cultural characteristics, on a contour integration task known to depend on early visual processing. Stimuli consisted of a closed egg‐shaped contour made of disconnected Gabor patches, within a background of randomly oriented Gabor stimuli. Subjects had to decide whether the egg was pointing left or right. Difficulty was varied by jittering the orientation of the Gabor patches forming the contour. Contour integration performance was lower in illiterates than in both ex‐illiterate and literate controls. We argue that this difference in contour perception must reflect a genuine difference in visual function. According to this view, the intensive perceptual training that accompanies reading acquisition also improves early visual abilities, suggesting that the impact of literacy on the visual system is more widespread than originally proposed.
DEONTOLOGICAL MORAL OBLIGATIONS AND NON‐WELFARIST AGENT‐RELATIVE VALUES
Authors: Smith Michael 
Published: November 2011

AbstractMany claim that a plausible moral theory would have to include a principle of beneficence, a principle telling us to produce goods that are both welfarist and agent‐neutral. But when we think carefully about the necessary connection between moral obligations and reasons for action, we see that agents have two reasons for action, and two moral obligations: they must not interfere with any agent's exercise of his rational capacities and they must do what they can to make sure that agents have rational capacities to exercise. According to this distinctively deontological view of morality, though we are obliged to produce goods, the goods in question are non‐welfarist and agent‐relative. The value of welfare thus turns out to be, at best, instrumental.
RECALCITRANT PLURALISM
Authors: Stratton‐Lake Philip 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn this paper I argue that the best form of deontology is one understood in terms of prima facie duties. I outline how these duties are to be understood and show how they offer a plausible and elegant connection between the reason why we ought to do certain acts, the normative reasons we have to do these acts, the reason why moral agents will do them, and the reasons certain people have to resent someone who does not do them. I then argue that this form of deontology makes it harder to unify a pluralistic ethics under a single consequentialist principle in a plausible way, and illustrate this with reference to Rob Shaver's consequentialist arguments.
DOES MORAL IGNORANCE EXCULPATE?
Authors: Harman Elizabeth 
Published: November 2011

AbstractNon‐moral ignorance can exculpate: if Anne spoons cyanide into Bill's coffee, but thinks she is spooning sugar, then Anne may be blameless for poisoning Bill. Gideon Rosen argues that moral ignorance can also exculpate: if one does not believe that one's action is wrong, and one has not mismanaged one's beliefs, then one is blameless for acting wrongly. On his view, many apparently blameworthy actions are blameless. I discuss several objections to Rosen. I then propose an alternative view on which many agents who act wrongly are blameworthy despite believing they are acting morally permissibly, and despite not having mismanaged their moral beliefs.1
Global ‘experts’ and ‘African’ minds: Tanganyika anthropology as public and secret service, 1925‐61
Authors: PELS PETER 
Published: November 2011

Whereas many historians of British anthropology worried themselves about the complicity of anthropologists with colonial rule, and have tried to demonstrate a fundamental contradiction and gap between academic anthropologists and colonial administrators, a study of the professionalization of anthropology in Tanganyika Territory between 1930 and 1960 can show that the ethnographic tradition of Tanganyika indirect rule slowly attuned itself to classical academic anthropology, just as classical academic anthropology increasingly adopted the agenda of indirect rule. The setting up of a Government Sociology department by the Tanganyika government after 1945 epitomized this rapprochement, but also reveals another, rarely studied, type of tension between academics and administrators: their different attitudes towards publicity and secrecy, both in relation to the international critics of the British colonial empire, and in relation to the African audiences that administrators, more than anthropologists, had to reckon with.RésuméNombreux sont les historiens de l'anthropologie britannique qui se sont inquiété de la complicité des anthropologues avec la domination coloniale et ont tenté de mettre en lumière une contradiction fondamentale entre anthropologues académiques et administrateurs coloniaux. Une étude portant sur la professionnalisation de l'anthropologie dans le Territoire du Tanganyika entre 1930 et 1960 montre pourtant que la tradition ethnographique du gouvernement indirect au Tanganyika s'est progressivement alignée sur l'anthropologie académique classique, en même temps que celle‐ci se saisissait de plus en plus des thèmes du gouvernement indirect. La mise en place d'un département de Sociologie gouvernementale par le gouvernement du Tanganyika après 1945 marque l'apogée de ce rapprochement mais révèle en même temps un autre type de tension, rarement étudié, entre chercheurs et administrateurs : une attitude différente vis‐à‐vis de la publicité et du secret, qu'il s'agisse des critiques internationales de l'empire colonial britannique ou des relations avec les cercles d'opinion africains avec lesquels les administrateurs, bien plus que les anthropologues, devaient composer.
Is Narrative Identity Four‐Dimensionalist?
Authors: Stokes Patrick 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe claim that selves are narratively constituted has attained considerable currency in both analytic and continental philosophy. However, a set of increasingly standard objections to narrative identity are also emerging. In this paper, I focus on metaphysically realist versions of narrative identity theory, showing how they both build on and differ from their neo‐Lockean counterparts. But I also argue that narrative realism is implicitly committed to a four‐dimensionalist, temporal‐parts ontology of persons. That exposes narrative realism to the charge that the narratively constituted self, on the one hand, and the self that is the object of much of our everyday self‐reference and self‐experience, on the other, can't be the same thing. This conclusion may well force narrativists to abandon metaphysical realism about narrative selves—which, in turn, may leave the invocation of ‘narrativity’ as identity‐constituting somewhat under‐motivated.
Cardiovascular and cortisol reactions to acute psychological stress and cognitive ability in the Dutch Famine Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Ginty Annie T. , Phillips Anna C. , Roseboom Tessa J. , Carroll Douglas , deRooij Susanne R. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractGiven evidence linking blunted cardiovascular and cortisol reactions to acute stress and a range of adverse behavioral outcomes, the present study examined the associations between cardiovascular and cortisol reactivity and cognitive ability measured independently of the stress task exposure. Cognitive ability was assessed using the Alice Heim‐4 test of general intelligence and two memory tasks in 724 men and women who were part of the Dutch Famine Birth Cohort Study. Blood pressure and heart rate, as well as cortisol reactivity, were measured to a battery of three standard acute stress tasks. Poorer cognitive ability was associated with lower cardiovascular reactions to stress and lower cortisol area under the curve. Our results are consistent with recent findings implicating low physiological stress reactivity in a range of adverse behavioral and health outcomes.
Vasodilatory activity and antihypertensive profile mediated by inhibition of phosphodiesterase type 1 induced by a novel sulfonamide compound
Authors: Pontes Luana Braga , Antunes Fernanda , Sudo Roberto Takashi , Raimundo Juliana Montani , Lima Lidia Moreira , Barreiro Eliezer Jesus , Zapata‐Sudo Gisele 
Published: November 2011

AbstractLASSBio‐985 is a sulfonamide compound designed as a simplified structure of a nonselective phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE‐4) inhibitor that promotes vasodilatory activity in vitro. PDE are enzymes responsible for the hydrolysis of cyclic adenosine 3′,5′‐ monophosphate and cyclic guanosine 3′,5′‐monophosphate. Five different isozymes of PDE are found in vascular smooth muscle (PDE1–PDE5). Aortic rings, with or without endothelium, from male normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were prepared for isometric tension recording. Blood pressure was measured in Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats and SHR during intravenous infusion of LASSBio‐985 (10 mg/kg/min) during 15 min. LASSBio‐985 induced a concentration‐dependent vasodilation in aortic rings from normotensive and SHR, which was almost completely inhibited in endothelium‐denuded vessels. Vasodilatory activity was also reduced in endothelium‐intact aortic rings that had been pretreated with Nω‐nitro‐l‐arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (l‐NAME), a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor and 1H‐[1,2,4]oxadiazolod[4,3‐a]quinoxalin‐1‐one (ODQ), a guanylate cyclase inhibitor. LASSBio‐985‐induced vasodilation was also inhibited by sildenafil (100 μm) and SQ 22536, a PDE5 inhibitor and adenylate cyclase inhibitor, respectively. To evaluate the involvement of some endothelial receptors, atropine, diphenhydramine, HOE 140, naloxone, propranolol, indomethacin, and wortmannin were tested, but none inhibited the effects of LASSBio‐985. The residual effect observed on endothelium‐denuded aortic rings was abolished by nicardipine, a voltage‐sensitive‐Ca2+‐channel blocker. Intravenous infusion of LASSBio‐985 (10 mg/kg/min) significantly reduced systolic and diastolic pressures in both WKY and SHR. LASSBio‐985 is a compound with vasodilatory activity, which could be consequent to PDE1 inhibition and voltage‐sensitive‐Ca2+‐channel blockade.