bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testing the effectiveness of the culturally adapted skills training START NOW to reduce mental health problems in adolescent refugees: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bacher Janine , Stadler Christina , Unternaehrer Eva , Brunner Donja 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundAdolescent refugees are particularly vulnerable to mental health problems, as they experience many risk factors associated with their resettlement at crucial stages of their physical and emotional development. However, despite having a greater healthcare needs than others, they face significant barriers to accessing healthcare services. Therefore, this study aims to test the effectiveness of a low-threshold, culturally adapted version of the skills training START NOW – START NOW Adapted - in reducing mental health problems among adolescent refugees.MethodsWe will recruit 80 adolescent refugees (15–18 years) with symptoms of anxiety and depression or high perceived stress in Northwestern Switzerland. They will be randomly assigned to one of two study groups: an intervention group, receiving START NOW Adapted, and a control group, receiving treatment as usual (TAU). The intervention will last 10 weeks and will consist of one-hour sessions per week provided by a trained facilitator with the same cultural background, in the respective language. Assessments to collect depressive and anxious symptoms, perceived stress, social-ecological resilience, and emotion recognition abilities will be conducted pre-intervention, post-intervention (11 weeks later) and at the 3-month follow-up. Multilevel models will be computed with primary and secondary outcome measures as dependent variables. An effect of at least moderate size will be considered clinically relevant.DiscussionThis randomized controlled trial aims to investigate the effectiveness of a culturally adapted version of START NOW, providing valuable insights to improve current health promotion for adolescent refugees in Switzerland (or rather lack thereof). Ultimately, the effects of START NOW may facilitate integration and promote healthy development while decreasing costs associated with treating migration- or conflict-related trauma.Clinical trial registration:ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT06324864.
Life changes, self-prevention, knowledge and mental health among inflammatory bowel disease patients during COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study
Authors: He Shiwen , Xiao Tao , Xia Yingchun 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundWith the COVID-19 pandemic going to be COVID-19 endemic, the negative impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of IBD patients cannot be ignored. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of anxiety and depression in IBD patients during the COVID-19 pandemic and analyze the factors associated with mental health.MethodsPatients registered at the IBD center were enrolled. Electronic questionnaires about the IBD patient’s demographic information, basic knowledge of COVID-19, public self-prevention measures, daily life changes, and anxiety and depression were distributed.ResultsTwo hundred and fifteen IBD patients finished this study and reported to have anxiety (27%) or depression (34%). During the COVID-19 pandemic, 10.2% of IBD patients reported their diet changes, 58.5% of IBD patients changed their daily physical activities from 3.27 ± 3.252 h to 2.30 ± 2.78 h, 33.7% of IBD patients changed their sleeping duration from 7.99 ± 1.322 h to 8.18 ± 1.447 h. IBD patients’ waiting time for admission (OR: 3.688, 95%CI: 1.003–13.554), regularly oral medicine administration (OR: 18.407, 95%CI: 1.975–171.530) and diet changes (OR: 6.167, 95%CI: 2.158–17.626) were positively correlated with anxiety or depression. IBD patients’ timely periodic infusion of biological agents (OR: 0.586, 95%CI: 0.413–0.830) was negatively correlated with anxiety or depression. IBD patients’ knowledge of COVID-19, public self-prevention, physical activities, and sleep duration changes showed no significant correlation with anxiety and depression, all p values &gt; 0.05.ConclusionThe main factors of IBD patients’ mental health were diet changes, waiting time for admission, taking oral medicine regularly, and timely periodic infusions of biological agents. Ensuring the supply of routine treatment and medication for IBD patients and establishing systemic online IBD self-management programs would be the focus of major public health events.
Understanding the needs and perspectives of young adults with recent suicidal ideation: insights for suicide prevention
Authors: Looijmans Milou , Elzinga Elke , Popma Arne , van Bergen Diana , Gilissen Renske , Mérelle Saskia 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionSuicide rates among adolescents and young people are increasing, especially in Western countries. Suicidal ideation often precedes suicide attempts and suicide. Yet, research involving individuals with lived experience in suicide prevention, especially among young adults, remains scarce. Understanding their needs is crucial for effective interventions. This qualitative study aims to explore the needs and perspectives of young adults with lived experience to provide tailored recommendations for suicide prevention.MethodsSemi-structured interviews were carried out with 19 young adults who had experienced suicidal ideation within the past two years. Open-ended questions addressed the needs for help and support regarding suicide prevention. Data was thematically analyzed and, through an iterative process involving discussion among all authors, categorized into six themes.ResultsThe results indicated needs around more openness and understanding of suicide among the general public, advocating mental health education starting from a young age, reducing barriers in mental health care such as long waiting lists and enhancing informal support systems by facilitating online and offline peer connections. Participants also highlighted contemporary concerns such as social welfare, academic pressure, and social media as significant needs in the current time.ConclusionThis study highlights the necessity for comprehensive suicide prevention approaches catering to the diverse needs of young adults with recent suicidal ideation. It highlights the urgency of societal awareness, early mental health education, and improved access to services. Informal support networks and addressing societal stressors are also deemed crucial. Structural changes are urged to create supportive environments.
Wellbeing, infrastructures, and energy insecurity in informal settlements
Authors: Caprotti Federico , de Groot Jiska , Mathebula Norman , Butler Catherine , Moorlach Mascha 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionUnderstanding the intricate relationship between energy and wellbeing in informal urban settlements is essential for developing effective interventions that address the diverse needs of residents. This paper explores this nexus through a multi-dimensional lens, examining the complexities and dynamics involved in off-grid renewable energy interventions, focusing on solar microgrids in an informal settlement in Cape Town, South Africa.MethodsThe paper is based on empirical research analysed through a theoretical framework articulating the pathways through which energy insecurity influences various dimensions of wellbeing, encompassing economic, physical, social, and environmental aspects. By applying this framework to our empirical research, the paper reveals the intricate interplay between neighbourhood factors, housing conditions, social processes, and economic insecurities, shedding light on both the challenges and opportunities associated with off-grid energy interventions.ResultsThe understanding of wellbeing presented in the paper is based on what we term the energy-wellbeing-informality nexus. Understanding the nexus necessitates: (a) moving past universalist and technocratic understandings of wellbeing, and towards a relational and networked basis for wellbeing analysis; (b) moving beyond conventional narratives of off-grid electrification as mere technical fixes, emphasizing the importance of recognizing informal settlements as sites of innovation and experimentation; (c) understanding the multi-sectoral nature of energy-related wellbeing impacts, extending beyond energy provision to encompass broader dimensions such as education, health, and social cohesion.DiscussionThe paper not only advances theoretical understanding but also offers practical insights for policymakers and practitioners. It emphasizes the need for context-sensitive policymaking that acknowledges the complexities of informal settlements and fosters innovative approaches to energy service provision. By integrating energy interventions into broader development strategies and adopting a multi-sectoral perspective, stakeholders can work towards more equitable and resilient solutions that enhance the overall wellbeing of residents in informal urban contexts.
PEMOCS: theory derivation of a concept for PErsonalized MOtor-Cognitive exergame training in chronic Stroke—a methodological paper with an application example
Authors: Huber Simone K. , Manser Patrick , de Bruin Eling D. 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundCoping with residual cognitive and gait impairments is a prominent unmet need in community-dwelling chronic stroke survivors. Motor-cognitive exergames may be promising to address this unmet need. However, many studies have so far implemented motor-cognitive exergame interventions in an unstructured manner and suitable application protocols remain yet unclear. We, therefore, aimed to summarize existing literature on this topic, and developed a training concept for motor-cognitive exergame interventions in chronic stroke.MethodsThe development of the training concept for personalized motor-cognitive exergame training for stroke (PEMOCS) followed Theory Derivation procedures. This comprised (1.1) a thorough (narrative) literature search on long-term stroke rehabilitation; (1.2) a wider literature search beyond the topic of interest to identify analogies, and to induce creativity; (2) the identification of parent theories; (3) the adoption of suitable content or structure of the main parent theory; and (4) the induction of modifications to adapt it to the new field of interest. We also considered several aspects of the “Framework for Developing and Evaluating Complex Interventions” by the Medical Research Council. Specifically, a feasibility study was conducted, and refining actions based on the findings were performed.ResultsA training concept for improving cognitive functions and gait in community-dwelling chronic stroke survivors should consider the principles for neuroplasticity, (motor) skill learning, and training. We suggest using a step-based exergame training for at least 12 weeks, 2–3 times a week for approximately 45 min. Gentile's Taxonomy for Motor Learning was identified as suitable fundament for the personalized progression and variability rules, and extended by a third cognitive dimension. Concepts and models from related fields inspired further additions and modifications to the concept.ConclusionWe propose the PEMOCS concept for improving cognitive functioning and gait in community-dwelling chronic stroke survivors, which serves as a guide for structuring and implementing motor-cognitive exergame interventions. Future research should focus on developing objective performance parameters that enable personalized progression independent of the chosen exergame type.
A prospective study on the usefulness of high-resolution intraoperative infrared thermography in intracranial tumors
Authors: Menezes Diego Rodrigues , de Lima Lázaro , Mansilla Raíssa , Conci Aura , Rueda Fernanda , Velarde Luis Guilhermo Coca , Landeiro José Alberto , Acioly Marcus André 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionInfrared thermography (IT) is a non-invasive real-time imaging technique with potential application in different areas of neurosurgery. Despite technological advances in the field, intraoperative IT (IIT) has been an underestimated tool with scarce reports on its usefulness during intracranial tumor resection. We aimed to evaluate the usefulness of high-resolution IIT with static and dynamic thermographic maps for transdural lesion localization, and diagnosis, to assess the extent of resection, and the occurrence of perioperative acute ischemia.MethodsIn a prospective study, 15 patients affected by intracranial tumors (six gliomas, four meningiomas, and five brain metastases) were examined with a high-resolution thermographic camera after craniotomy, after dural opening, and at the end of tumor resection.ResultsTumors were transdurally located with 93.3% sensitivity and 100% specificity (p &lt; 0.00001), as well as cortical arteries and veins. Gliomas were consistently hypothermic, while metastases and meningiomas exhibited highly variable thermographic maps on static (p = 0.055) and dynamic (p = 0.015) imaging. Residual tumors revealed non-specific static but characteristic dynamic thermographic maps. Ischemic injuries were significantly hypothermic (p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionsHigh-resolution IIT is a non-invasive alternative intraoperative imaging method for lesion localization, diagnosis, assessing the extent of tumor resection, and identifying acute ischemia changes with static and dynamic thermographic maps.
Discovery and Characterization of Four Aphelenchid Species from Cultivated Regions of Southern Alberta, Canada
Authors: Munawar Maria , Castillo Pablo , Yevtushenko Dmytro P. 
Published: June 2024

The nematode family Aphelenchoididiae is considered fungal-feeding, predatory, or root hair feeders. Some members of this family are universally present in agricultural landscapes and are an integral part of soil health and conservation studies. In the present soil nematode biodiversity survey, we detected four species of the genera Aphelenchus, Aphelenchoides, and Robustodorus. Because fungal-feeding nematodes from southern Alberta have not previously been reported, we conducted a detailed morphological and molecular investigation, identifying these species as Aphelenchus avenae, Aphelenchoides limberi, Aphelenchoides prairiensis n. sp. and Robustodorus paramegadorus n. sp. The first two species we document as new records from southern Alberta, whereas A. prairiensis n. sp. and R. paramegadorus n. sp. we describe in detail as new taxa. Briefly, A. prairiensis n. sp. is an amphimictic species having 4 lateral lines; hemispherical anteriorly flattened lip region; delicate stylet and swelling-like stylet knobs; excretory pore at the posterior edge of nerve ring. Female tail conical, gradually tapering towards a truncated end with single mucro. Spicule 23.0 (20.0–25.0) µm long having elongated rounded condylus, small, blunt conical rostrum, and lamina that gradually tapers towards the rounded distal end; three pairs of caudal papillae were present on the male tail. Robustodorus paramegadorus n. sp., is a parthenogenetic species with 3 lines in the lateral fields; lip region rounded, anteriorly flattened; stylet robust, with knobs rounded to bean-shaped; excretory pore located posterior to nerve ring; reproductive components were quite indiscernible with a short 24.0 (18.0–27.0) µm post-vulval uterine sac; tail conical, ending with pointed to wedge-shaped tip. We performed molecular characterizations for each species and constructed phylogenetic trees to study the phylogenetic relationship of these aphelenchid species. The discovery of A. prairiensis n. sp. and R. paramegadorus n. sp. indicates that soil nematode diversity is relatively unexplored in southern Alberta. The findings of this study will significantly enhance the identification processes and may contribute towards future soil health and biodiversity efforts.
Primary care contact, clinical management, and suicide risk following discharge from inpatient mental health care: a case–control study
Authors: Musgrove Rebecca , Carr Matthew J , Kapur Nav , Chew-Graham Carolyn A , Mughal Faraz , Ashcroft Darren M , Webb Roger T 
Published: June 2024

Background
Evidence is sparse regarding service usage and the clinical management of people recently discharged from inpatient psychiatric care who die by suicide.

Aim
To improve understanding of how people discharged from inpatient mental health care are supported by primary care during this high-risk transition.

Design & setting
A nested case–control study, utilising interlinked primary and secondary care records in England for people who died within a year of discharge between 2001 and 2019, matched on age, sex, practice-level deprivation, and region with up to 20 living discharged people.

Method
We described patterns of consultation, prescription of psychotropic medication, and continuity of care for people who died by suicide and those who survived. Mutually adjusted relative risk estimates were generated for a range of primary care and clinical variables.

Results
More than 40% of patients who died within 2 weeks of discharge and >80% of patients who died within 1 year of discharge had at least one primary care consultation within the respective time periods. Evidence of discharge communication from hospital was infrequent. Within-practice continuity of care was relatively high. Those who died by suicide were less likely to consult within 2 weeks of discharge (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.61 [95% confidence interval {CI} = 0.42 to 0.89]), more likely to consult in the week before death (AOR 1.71 [95% CI = 1.36 to 2.15]), be prescribed multiple types of psychotropic medication (AOR 1.73 [95% CI = 1.28 to 2.33]), experience readmission, and have a diagnosis outside of the ‘severe mental illness’ definition.

Conclusion
Primary care clinicians have opportunities to intervene and should prioritise patients experiencing transition from inpatient care. Clear communication and liaison between services is essential to provide timely support.
Evaluating the benefits of machine learning for diagnosing deep vein thrombosis compared with gold standard ultrasound: a feasibility study
Authors: Nothnagel Kerstin , Aslam Mohammed Farid 
Published: June 2024

Background
This study evaluates the feasibility of remote deep venous thrombosis (DVT) diagnosis via ultrasound sequences facilitated by ThinkSono Guidance, an artificial intelligence (AI) app for point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS).

Aim
To assess the effectiveness of AI-guided POCUS conducted by non-specialists in capturing valid ultrasound images for remote diagnosis of DVT.

Design & setting
Over a 3.5-month period, patients with suspected DVT underwent AI-guided POCUS conducted by non-specialists using a handheld ultrasound probe connected to the app. These ultrasound sequences were uploaded to a cloud dashboard for remote specialist review. Additionally, participants received formal DVT scans.

Method
Patients underwent AI-guided POCUS using handheld probes connected to the AI app, followed by formal DVT scans. Ultrasound sequences acquired during the AI-guided scan were uploaded to a cloud dashboard for remote specialist review, where image quality was assessed, and diagnoses were provided.

Results
Among 91 predominantly older female participants, 18% of scans were incomplete. Of the rest, 91% had sufficient quality, with 64% categorised by remote clinicians as 'compressible' or 'incompressible'. Sensitivity and specificity for adequately imaged scans were 100% and 91%, respectively. Notably, 53% were low risk, potentially obviating formal scans.

Conclusion
ThinkSono Guidance effectively directed non-specialists, streamlining DVT diagnosis and treatment. It may reduce the need for formal scans, particularly with negative findings, and extend diagnostic capabilities to primary care. The study highlights AI-assisted POCUS potential in improving DVT assessment.
Coach Education: The Relationship between Lower Extremity Flexibility and Vertical Jump Performance in Soccer
Authors: Seyhan Sinan 
Published: June 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between lower extremity flexibility values and vertical jump performance of elite soccer players. Twenty-six young elite male soccer players voluntarily participated in the study. Age, height, and weight of the participants were determined as descriptive statistics. Lower extremity flexibility (.=ROM) test and vertical jump (counter movement jump=CMJ) performance determination test were applied to the participants. A goniometer was used for lower extremity flexibility measurement and My Jump 2 application, which has proven its validity and reliability, was used for CMJ performances. Descriptive characteristics of the participants included in the study were mean age: 16.23 ±.51 years, height: 172.96 ±7.56 cm, body weight: 63,15±7,69 kg. The mean values of CMJ performance of the participants were: 37,54±5,51; the mean value of lower extremity flexibility angles (ROM) was 115±4,99°. According to the data obtained, a statistically significant relationship was observed between ROM and CMJ performance characteristics of elite soccer players (p=.008) (p<0.05). According to the results obtained, a significant relationship was found between ROM and CMJ performances of soccer players. It can be said that teaching the importance of flexibility exercises to soccer players in soccer training programs and including them in training programs will positively affect the sudden power output performances of soccer players such as jumping.
Advancing Higher Education with the Transition to Smart Universities: A Focus on Technology
Authors: Adipat Surattana , Chotikapanich Rattanawadee 
Published: June 2024

This study explores the transformative journey of higher education towards smart universities, emphasizing integrating cutting-edge technologies such as augmented reality, virtual reality, artificial intelligence, and biometric systems. This evolution responds to the evolving demands of society, aiming to significantly enhance the educational experience while reimagining campus life and community involvement. It sheds light on the creation of immersive, interactive, and personalized learning landscapes that accommodate a diverse array of student requirements, including those with disabilities, setting a new standard in educational inclusivity. The discourse extends to the pivotal role of smart campuses, which are instrumental in forging safer, more inclusive, and environmentally sustainable educational realms. Furthermore, the paper highlights the importance of digital platforms in nurturing social bonds and community engagement, especially through the potent medium of alumni networks. By transitioning into centers of innovation and technological excellence, universities are equipping students for a future shaped by technology. The review highlights the transition’s challenges and opportunities, emphasizing the need to balance technological advancements with human-centric values, ensure equitable technology access, and maintain privacy. It presents the rise of smart universities as a pivotal step towards more interconnected, intelligent, and sustainable communities, significantly influencing education and societal development.