bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gesturing integrates top-down and bottom-up information: Joint effects of speakers' expectations and addressees' feedback
Authors: Kuhlen Anna K. , Galati Alexia , Brennano Susan E. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractSpeakers adapt their speech based on both prior expectations and incoming cues about their addressees' informational needs (Kuhlen and Brennan 2010). Here, we investigate whether top-down information, such as speakers' expectations about addressees' attentiveness, and bottom-up cues, such as addressees' feedback during conversation, also influence speakers' gestures. In 39 dyads, addressees were either attentive when speakers told a joke or else distracted by a second task, while speakers expected addressees to be either attentive or distracted. Independently of adjustments in speech, both speakers' expectations and addressees' feedback shaped quantitative and qualitative aspects of gesturing. Speakers gestured more frequently when their prior expectations matched addressees' actual behavior. Moreover, speakers with attentive addressees gestured more in the periphery of gesture space when they expected addressees to be attentive. These systematic adjustments in gesturing suggest that speakers flexibly adapt to their addressees by integrating bottom-up cues available during the interaction in light of attributions made from top-down expectations. That these sources of information lead to adjustments patterning similarly in speech and gesture informs theoretical frameworks of how different modalities are deployed and coordinated in dialogue.
Control and dominion: Factivity and mood choice in Spanish
Authors: Vesterinen Rainer 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe present paper analyses the meaning of Spanish mood in factive contexts from a Cognitive Grammar perspective. It is argued that terms like assertion and presupposition do not explain the semantics of the subjunctive. Rather, they constitute an initial classification for finding a conceptually grounded explanation of it. The hypothesis is put forward that mood choice in factive contexts can be explained by the elaboration of Maldonado's (1995) notions of dominion and control. On the one hand, the conceptualizer has a low degree of effective control over the described event in presupposed contexts where the subjunctive mood occurs. On the other hand, presupposed contexts with the verb in the indicative mood equates with epistemic control over the described event. Thus, it is argued that the meaning of the subjunctive mood is related to the conceptualizer's epistemic dominion, and to the dominion of effective control. An additional analysis of the subjunctive mood in volitional, causative and perceptual contexts corroborates the initial claim.
Thermal degradation and physical aging of linear low density polyethylene and poly(l-lactic acid) blends
Authors: Singh Gursewak , Bhunia Haripada , Bajpai Pramod K. , Choudhary Veena 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Melt blending of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) and poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) was performed in an extrusion mixer with post extrusion blown film attachment with and without a compatibilizer-maleic anhydride grafted low density polyethylene. The blend compositions were optimized for tensile properties as per ASTM D 882-91. Based on this, LLDPE 80 (80 wt% LLDPE and 20 wt% PLLA) and M-g-L 80/4 (80 wt% LLDPE, 20 wt% PLLA and 4 parts compatibilizer/100 parts of resin were found to be an optimum composition. The thermal gravimetric profile and thermal endurance of these blends were characterized as per ASTM E1641-07 and E1877-05. The effect of physical aging on mechanical and thermal properties of these blends was evaluated. The PLLA showed the highest Arrhenius activation energy, relative thermal index and strongest thermal endurance of all samples followed by M-g-L 80/4 and LLDPE 80. The thermo-oxidation coefficient improved with addition of compatibilizer in the blends. With increasing pH, the hydrolytic degradation of the blend films increased, while both the tensile strength and the elongation at the break of the blend films decreased.
Improvement of physicomechanical properties of grafted coir fiber with ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate: effect of UV radiation
Authors: Zaman Haydar U. , Khan Mubarak A. , Khan Ruhul A. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Coir fibers were modified with ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA)+MeOH solutions under thermal curing method at different temperatures (50°C–90°C) and curing times (30–70 min). Monomer concentration, curing temperature, and curing time were optimized in terms of grafting and mechanical properties, and 50% EGDMA, 70°C and 50 min curing time, respectively, registered better performance. Coir fibers were pretreated with ultraviolet radiation at different doses, soaked in optimized solution, and cured under optimum conditions. These fibers showed improved properties than EGDMA-treated fibers. Water uptake and simulated weathering test of untreated and treated fibers were studied.
Micromechanical modeling and strength prediction of short fiber reinforced polymers
Authors: Kaiser Jan-Martin , Stommel Markus 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
In this contribution, the embedding and compatibility of commonly used strength criteria in practical engineering design (e.g., Tsai-Hill) into a two-step, mean-field, homogenization approach are investigated. This approach provides the opportunity to account for the heterogeneous microstructure of a polymer composite, caused by the non-unidirectional fiber distribution due to the injection molding process. In a first step, an incremental Mori-Tanaka homogenization scheme is applied to unidirectional sub-domains. In a second step, a Voigt model is used to compute the mechanical composite behavior of an entire domain, which itself is the composition of weighted sub-domains. The chosen two-step approach allows the application of models to predict the strength after both homogenization steps. This leads to two different strength prediction strategies. The selection of certain criteria in combination with the selected level of strength prediction influences the simulation results and the number of material tests necessary for calibration. These two aspects are directly linked to engineering expenses and they are evaluated in a cost benefit analysis. To account for elasto-plasticity, a second-moment formulation is used and extended. The extension allows the direct usage of experimental matrix material data, without having to introduce a virtual matrix as commonly necessary.
Universal mechanical response of polypropylene under cyclic deformation
Authors: Drozdov Aleksey D. , Dusunceli Necmi 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Experimental data are reported on isotactic polypropylene in uniaxial tensile (i) cyclic tests (oscillations between maximum strain 0.15 and the zero minimum stress) with various cross-head speeds and (ii) relaxation tests at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 100°C. Observations in cyclic tests show that maximum stresses decrease, while minimum strains grow with the number of cycles. A universal character is revealed of the dependence of minimum strain on the number of cycles: this function is independent of temperature and weakly affected by strain rate. To rationalize this observation, constitutive equations are proposed in cyclic viscoelasticity and viscoplasticity of semicrystalline polymers and a scenario is suggested for damage accumulation. Two types of damage are distinguished which are induced by (i) lamellar fragmentation in the crystalline phase and (ii) nucleation and growth of micro-voids in the amorphous matrix. The stress–strain relations involve five adjustable parameters that are found by fitting observations (50 cycles of loading–retraction) at room temperature and α-transition point. Numerical simulation demonstrates that the model correctly describes experimental data and can predict observations in tests with a large number of cycles.
At a PI3K crossroads: lessons from flies and rodents
Authors: Acebes Angel , Morales Miguel 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
PI3K activation is the starting point of signaling pathways relaying on changes in the phosphorylation levels of membrane phosphoinositides. These pathways have been involved in several neuronal processes, including cellular growth and survival, differentiation, neuroprotection, dendritic growing, and synaptic plasticity among others. Recent data from Drosophila and rodents have demonstrated an unexpected role of PI3K controlling synapse number that lead to functional and behavioral effects. In the short-term, PI3K is also required for maintaining AMPA receptor clustering at the postsynaptic membranes. We review here the PI3K roles regulating synapse number and functionality.
GSK3: a key target for the development of novel treatments for type 2 diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer disease
Authors: Gao Chong , Hölscher Christian , Liu Yueze , Li Lin 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
As a constitutively active kinase, glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) is a kinase which regulates body metabolism by phosphorylation of glycogen synthase (GS) and other substrates. Considerable evidence suggests that GSK3 is involved in the common pathology underlying Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The overexpression or overactivation of GSK3 could induce a series of pathological changes, most of which are hallmarks of AD and T2DM. Therefore, GSK3 could be a novel target to treat these two age-dependent diseases. The inhibition of this kinase can prevent the aggregation of β-amyloid (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylation of tau protein. GSK3 inhibition can also be a promising strategy to ameliorate neurodegenerative developments. Its potential association with memory formation has been shown in electrophysiological and behavioral experiments. The neuroprotective effects of novel drugs developed to treat T2DM, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and its long-lasting analogs, have a possible link to GSK3 modification. Recent investigations of the interaction between the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway and the protective effect of novel GPL-1 receptor agonist geniposide on PC12 cells support this theory.
Hepatic steatosis, GH deficiency and the effects of GH replacement: a Liverpool magnetic resonance spectroscopy study
Authors: Gardner Chris J , Irwin Andrew J , Daousi Christina , McFarlane Ian A , Joseph Franklin , Bell Jimmy D , Thomas E Louise , Adams Valerie L , Kemp Graham J , Cuthbertson Daniel J 
Published: March 2012

ObjectiveNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is reported to be more common in patients with GH deficiency (GHD) than in the general population. We aimed to determine: i) liver fat in patients with GHD compared with age and body mass index (BMI)-matched controls; and ii) effect of 6 months of GH replacement (GHR) on liver fat.Participants and methodsThe study included 28 GHD patients and 24 controls. 12 patients were studied before and after 6 months of GHR. Anthropometry, liver enzymes and lipid profiles were measured, and body composition and intrahepatocellular lipid (IHCL) were determined by magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy.ResultsAge and BMI (median (inter-quartile range)) of patients and controls were 52.6 (14) vs 52.6 (12) years (P=0.9) and 27.8 (24.7, 34.7) vs 27.9 (25.1, 32.1) kg/m2(P=0.9). IGF1 was lower in the patients (11.5 vs 16.0 nmol/l,P=0.002). There was no difference in liver transaminases, lipids or IHCL between patients and controls (2.8 (1.3, 8.6) vs 5.0 (1.5, 12.7),P=0.72), despite significantly higher visceral fat in GHD patients. Thirty-two percent of patients and 50% of controls had NAFLD (defined as IHCL >5.6%), and the relationship between IHCL and BMI was the same in each group. GHR significantly reduced abdominal subcutaneous and visceral fat in all patients; however, GHR did not reduce liver fat.ConclusionsNAFLD is equally common in patients with GHD and matched controls. GHR is associated with a hierarchical reduction in fat deposition (fat loss: visceral > subcutaneous > liver). Further studies involving GHD patients with NAFLD are required to conclude the role of GHR in treating NAFLD.
Underbalanced Drilling Expert System Development
Authors: Al-yami Abdullah S. , Schubert Jerome 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
One way to mitigate formation damage is to design and execute underbalanced drilling in all phases of operations such as drilling, tripping and completion. Field cases of underbalanced drilling failure showed high formation damage which motivated the need of expert systems in underbalanced drilling to achieve higher production rates.
Many underbalanced drilling operations have been analyzed, resulting in the optimum practices, as outlined in this paper. To the best of the authors' knowledge, there are no systematic guidelines for underbalanced drilling.
The objective of this paper is to propose a set of guidelines for the optimal underbalanced drilling operations, by integrating current best practices through a decision-making system based on Artificial Bayesian Intelligence. Optimum underbalanced drilling practices collected from data, models, and experts' opinions, are integrated into a Bayesian Network BN to simulate likely scenarios of its use that will honor efficient practices when dictated by varying certain parameters.
The proposed decision-making model follows a causal and an uncertainty-based approach capable of simulating realistic conditions on the use of underbalanced drilling operations. For instance, by varying the type of UBD (flow, aerated, etc), operation and formation properties the system will show optimum tripping and connection procedure. The developed model also acknowledged UBD drilling techniques in different scenarios such as fractured formations, low permeability and high permeability formations.
The model also shows optimum solutions to problems related to underbalance drilling such as well control, completion, drilling multiple reservoirs with different pressures, equipment associated with drilling.
The advantage of the artificial Bayesian intelligence method is that it can be updated easily when dealing with different opinions.
Computational Optimization of Shale Resource Development using Reduced-Physics Surrogate Models
Authors: Wilson K. C. , Durlofsky L. J. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The economics of oil and gas field development can be improved significantly by using computational optimization to guide operations. In this work, we present a general work flow for applying optimization to the development of shale gas reservoirs. Starting with a detailed full-physics simulation model, which includes highly-resolved fracture networks, dual-porosity, dual-permeability regions, and gas desorption, the approach first entails the generation of a much simpler, and much more computationally efficient, reduced-physics surrogate model. The reduced-physics model is tuned using a history-matching procedure to provide results in close agreement with the full-physics model for a variety of field development scenarios. The surrogate model is then used for optimization. In the optimizations considered here, we apply a direct search technique (generalized pattern search) and seek to determine the optimal locations, lengths, and number of fracture stages for a set of horizontal wells. In two examples, involving two- dimensional models with properties representative of the Barnett Shale, optimization is shown to provide field development scenarios with net present values that are more than double those of base case designs. Finally, it is possible that the reduced-physics surrogate-modeling approach presented here could find use in other applications, such as uncertainty quantification.
A Selection Criterion for CO2-Enhanced Oil Recovery and Dispersion Modeling of High-Pressure CO2 Release
Authors: Aladasani Ahmad , Bai Baojun , Nygaard Runar 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The use of miscible carbon dioxide (CO2) flooding has increased significantly in the past decade. What makes CO2 unique is its low miscibility pressure, which extends the candidacy of CO2 to reservoirs with lower API gravity, shallower depths and lower fracture pressure gradients compared to reservoirs in which miscible nitrogen or miscible hydrocarbon flooding might be used. Furthermore, the financial incentives associated with the removal of a greenhouse gas offset development costs and operating expenditures. Therefore, this paper focuses primarily on selection criteria for CO2 Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) and the dispersion modeling of high-pressure CO2 release, as these are critical in offsetting capital investments and managing legal liabilities.
The available EOR selection criteria, which are based on reported EOR projects were developed initially by Taber in 1983 and then updated by Taber et al. in 1996 and again by Aladasani & Bai in 2010. Recent publications by Aladasani & Bai (2011) regarding discussions surrounding EOR selection criteria focus on dataset distribution to refine EOR candidacy selection. The work presented in this paper further develops the tools with which to screen miscible CO2 for EOR applications by offering detailed distributions and correlations of reservoir properties reported in miscible CO2 projects, as well as a prediction model for miscible CO2 recovery. The screening tools presented in this paper are intended as a new detailed and systematic approach to selecting miscible CO2 flooding and to developing EOR as a whole.
The increase in Carbon Sequestration Projects (CSP) and CO2 EOR projects has resulted in the expansion of the CO2 pipeline network in the United States (US). An overview of the CO2 network in the US, the transit pipeline incident history in North America and Europe, and the scope of pipeline risk studies are presented. Finally, recent developments in CO2 consequence modeling inform the dispersion modeling of critical CO2 releases, highlighting the toxicity risk of H2S in anthropogenic CO2 streams.
Sensitivity Analysis for Joint Inversion of Production and Time-lapse Seismic Data of Norne Field
Authors: Suman Amit , Mukerji Tapan 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Dynamic data, including production and time lapse seismic can be used in history matching process for better description of the reservoir and thus for better reservoir forecasting. However joint inversion of time lapse seismic and production data is complex and challenging with uncertainties at each step of the process. So it is essential, before proceeding with large scale history matching, to investigate parameter sensitivity for both types of data. In this study the data set of Norne field is used to find out which reservoir rock and fluid parameters have the most impact on time lapse seismic and production data at this field. The result of this study will be used in history matching of time lapse seismic and production data of Norne field.
Enhancing Steamflood Performance of Highly Permeable Dipping Reservoir with Strong Waterdrive
Authors: Chenot David W. , Shah Rusheet D. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Placement and timing of steam injectors is critical for optimal performance of the Steamflood at Round Mountain Oilfield; a dipping, highly permeable reservoir with a very strong water drive. Diligent reservoir management to conserve steam is a necessity in any steamflood, especially if a strong water drive is present.
In the Round Mountain Field, with primary water cuts of 99.5%, steam injection was instituted at an up structure position (Row 0) in 1998. Water was produced with high volume lift electric submersible pumps (ESPs) in wells two rows down structure (Rows 1 & 2) from the injectors. These down structure wells intercepted encroaching aquifer and reduced reservoir pressure; imperative for steam front expansion. As the steam front advanced, wells that were formerly water intercept wells (Row 1) began to heat up and produce oil at low water cuts. These wells were placed on beam units, and new water intercept wells (Row 3) were drilled one row further down structure.
Heat losses to Overburden, Underburden, and by hot fluid withdrawal over time decreased the rate of steam front expansion. This paper discusses the "Steam Injector Relocation" strategy devised to specifically tackle the problem. By this strategy, once the down structure row of producers (Rows 2 & 3) experience slower steam front expansion and the up structure wells decline in production, the up structure row (Row 1) is converted to injection. This leads to a more favorable expansion of steam front, significant improvement of production, and lower heat losses. This process has been repeated four times, and at present the steam front is approaching the original oil water contact in some areas of the field.
The lessons learned from this project emphasize the need for careful and continuous surveillance of production, pressure, flow line temperatures, and heat losses in order to move both injectors and producers at critical times.
Solar-Generated Steam for Oil Recovery: Reservoir Simulation, Economic Analysis, and Life Cycle Assessment
Authors: Sandler Joel , Fowler Garrett , Cheng Kris , Kovscek Anthony 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Integrated solar thermal steam generation and heavy-oil recovery projects have garnered interest because of their ability to decrease the variability of steam generation costs arising from fluctuations in natural gas prices as well as life-cycle carbon dioxide emissions. The viability of a solar thermal steam generation system (with and without natural gas back-up) for thermal enhanced oil recovery (TEOR) in heavy-oil sands was evaluated in this study. Using the San Joaquin Valley as a case study, the effectiveness of solar TEOR was quantified through reservoir simulation, economic analysis, and life-cycle assessment of oil-recovery operations. Reservoir simulation runs with continuous but variable rate steam injection were compared with a base-case Tulare Sand steamflood project. Reservoir properties and well geometries were drawn from the literature. For equivalent average injection rates, comparable breakthrough times and recovery factors of 65% of the original oil in place were predicted, in agreement with simulations in the literature. Daily cyclic fluctuations in steam injection rate do not greatly impact recovery for this reservoir setting. Oil production rates for a system without natural gas back-up to moderate injection rates do, however, show seasonal variation. Economic viability was established using a discounted cash flow model incorporating historical prices and injection/production volumes from the Kern River oil field. This model assumes that present day steam generation technologies could be implemented fully at TEOR startup for Kern River in 1980, for the sake of comparison against conventional steam generators and cogenerators. All natural gas cogeneration and 100% solar fraction scenarios had the largest and nearly equal net present values (NPV) of $12.54 B and $12.55 B, respectively, with production data from 1984 to 2011. Solar fraction refers to the steam provided by solar steam generation. Given its large capital cost, the 100% solar case shows the greatest sensitivity to discount rate and no sensitivity to natural gas price because it is independent of natural gas. Because there are very little emissions associated with day-to-day operations from the solar thermal system, life-cycle emissions for the solar thermal system are significantly lower than conventional systems even when the embodied energy of the structure is considered. Here, we estimate that less than 1 g of CO2/MJ of refined gasoline results from the TEOR stage of production if solar energy provides all steam. By this assessment, solar thermal based or supplemented steam generation systems for TEOR appear to be a preferred alternative, or supplement, to fully conventional systems using natural gas (or higher carbon content fuels), especially in areas with large solar insolation.