bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Semantics for Possibilistic Disjunctive Programs
Authors: NIEVES JUAN CARLOS , OSORIO MAURICIO , CORTÉS ULISES 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn this paper, a possibilistic disjunctive logic programming approach for modeling uncertain, incomplete, and inconsistent information is defined. This approach introduces the use of possibilistic disjunctive clauses, which are able to capture incomplete information and states of a knowledge base at the same time. By considering a possibilistic logic program as a possibilistic logic theory, a construction of a possibilistic logic programming semantic based on answer sets and the proof theory of possibilistic logic is defined. It shows that this possibilistic semantics for disjunctive logic programs can be characterized by a fixed-point operator. It is also shown that the suggested possibilistic semantics can be computed by a resolution algorithm and the consideration of optimal refutations from a possibilistic logic theory. In order to manage inconsistent possibilistic logic programs, a preference criterion between inconsistent possibilistic models is defined. In addition, the approach of cuts for restoring consistency of an inconsistent possibilistic knowledge base is adopted. The approach is illustrated in a medical scenario.
SARTRE, MULTIDIRECTIONAL MEMORY, AND THE HOLOCAUST IN THE AGE OF DECOLONIZATION
Authors: JUDAKEN JONATHAN 
Published: July 2011

Jacques Derrida's memorial reflections on the impact of Sartre's journalLes temps modernesin shaping his generation's projects highlighted the legend of the courier from Marathon who died while running to deliver his message of victory to the Athenians. Sartre alluded to the fable in his manifesto for engaged writing. “It's a beautiful myth,” Sartre wrote in his précis for the politics of commitment, forit shows that for a little while longer the dead act as if they were living. A little while—one year, ten years, maybe even fifty . . . and then they're buried a second time. This is the standard we offer for the writer: as long as his books provoke anger, embarrassment, shame, hatred, love . . . he shall live!This moment in Sartre's text captured Derrida's attention for he sought to point out that political involvement often has effects that are deferred. It is these detours of memory—signals and signatures from a once-buried moment that ramify politically anew in different contexts—that are wound into the complex circuitry of what Michael Rothberg has called “multidirectional memory.” And it is the signature of Sartre, whose anticolonial provocations remain prescient and provocative, that enable us to link these two books that are united by the word “decolonization” in their subtitles. Each tome is a touchstone for new openings at the intersection of postwar French intellectual history, postcolonial theory, and critical race and Holocaust studies. Both books ask us to reconsider racism and empire; memory, alterity, and history; temporality and trauma; identity both individual and collective; and the singularity versus the generalizability of instances of oppression and calls for liberation. Each beckons us to do so in light of the unfinished project of coming to terms with Europe's colonial legacy in a globalized world.
Inherited mutations impair responses to environmental carcinogens: Cancer prevention in mutation carriers
Authors: Friedenson Bernard 
Published: July 2011

AbstractSome environmental carcinogens may be responsible for an increase in the numbers of cancers but economic or political factors weigh against widespread bans. However, lists of chemicals and agents that cause cancer assume that everyone is equally susceptible to their carcinogenic effects.In carriers of cancer gene mutations, carcinogens can target specific tissues especially during periods of stem cell activity if the hereditary deficit impairs normal protective responses. Mutation carriers should then have higher risks for specific cancers caused by specific environmental carcinogens.For example, it can be predicted that BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers should be highly susceptible to the carcinogen formaldehyde. High formaldehyde levels can overwhelm normal enzyme detoxification systems or detoxification genes may be inadequate or missing. Formaldehyde that is not detoxified can affect stem cells causing strands of DNA to cross-link to each other and to nearby proteins. Carriers of mutations in BRCA1/2 dependent pathways are deficient in the ability to undo these cross-links.Human myeloid leukemias are linked both to formaldehyde and to cancer stem cells. Inherited biallelic BRCA2 gene defects and other defects in BRCA1/2 mediated pathways dramatically increase risks for myeloid leukemia, even among infants. In 12 of 14 studies, heterozygous BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations increase risks for myeloid leukemias. Moreover, chromosome arms lost in hereditary breast cancers encode enzymes essential for formaldehyde metabolism. BRCA1/2 mutation carriers may reduce their very high cancer risks by lowering their exposure to formaldehyde.Cancers associated with many other hereditary gene deficits can also be stimulated by distinct environmental hazards. Widespread education could prevent or delay some cancers in mutation carriers.
Common Genetic Variants and Central Adiposity Among Asian‐Indians
Authors: Moore Steven C. , Gunter Marc J. , Daniel Carrie R. , Reddy K. Srinath , George Preeti S. , Yurgalevitch Susan , Devasenapathy Niveditha , Ramakrishnan Lakshmy , Chatterjee Nilanjan , Chanock Stephen J. , Berndt Sonja I. , Mathew Aleyamma , Prabhakaran Dorairaj , Sinha Rashmi 
Published: July 2011

Recent studies have identified common genetic variants that are unequivocally associated with central adiposity, BMI, and/or fasting plasma glucose among individuals of European descent. Our objective was to evaluate these associations in a population of Asian‐Indians. We examined 16 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from loci previously linked to waist circumference, BMI, or fasting glucose in 1,129 Asian‐Indians from New Delhi and Trivandrum. Trained medical staff measured waist circumference, height, and weight. Fasting plasma glucose was measured from collected blood specimens. Genotype—phenotype associations were evaluated using linear regression, with adjustments for age, gender, religion, and study region. For gene—environment interaction tests, total physical activity (PA) during the past 7 days was assessed by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The T allele at the FTO rs3751812 locus was associated with increased waist circumference (per allele effect of +1.58 cm, Ptrend = 0.0015) after Bonferroni adjustment for multiple testing (Padj = 0.04). We also found a nominally statistically significant FTO—PA interaction (Pinteraction = 0.008). Among participants with <81 metabolic equivalent (MET)‐h/wk of PA, the rs3751812 variant was associated with increased waist size (+2.68 cm; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.24, 4.12), but not among those with 212+ MET‐h/wk (−1.79 cm; 95% CI = −4.17, 0.58). No other variant had statistically significant associations, although statistical power was modest. In conclusion, we confirmed that an FTO variant associated with central adiposity in European populations is associated with central adiposity among Asian‐Indians and corroborated prior reports indicating that high PA attenuates FTO‐related genetic susceptibility to adiposity.
Comparing the role of absolute sea-level rise and vertical tectonic motions in coastal flooding, Torres Islands (Vanuatu)
Authors: Ballu Valérie , Bouin Marie-Noëlle , Siméoni Patricia , Crawford Wayne C. , Calmant Stephane , Boré Jean-Michel , Kanas Tony , Pelletier Bernard 
Published: July 2011

Since the late 1990s, rising sea levels around the Torres Islands (north Vanuatu, southwest Pacific) have caused strong local and international concern. In 2002–2004, a village was displaced due to increasing sea incursions, and in 2005 a United Nations Environment Programme press release referred to the displaced village as perhaps the world’s first climate change “refugees.” We show here that vertical motions of the Torres Islands themselves dominate the apparent sea-level rise observed on the islands. From 1997 to 2009, the absolute sea level rose by 150 + /-20 mm. But GPS data reveal that the islands subsided by 117 + /-30 mm over the same time period, almost doubling the apparent gradual sea-level rise. Moreover, large earthquakes that occurred just before and after this period caused several hundreds of mm of sudden vertical motion, generating larger apparent sea-level changes than those observed during the entire intervening period. Our results show that vertical ground motions must be accounted for when evaluating sea-level change hazards in active tectonic regions. These data are needed to help communities and governments understand environmental changes and make the best decisions for their future.
Systems Biology of Tomato Fruit Development: Combined Transcript, Protein, and Metabolite Analysis of Tomato Transcription Factor (nor, rin) and Ethylene Receptor (Nr) Mutants Reveals Novel Regulatory Interactions
Authors: Osorio Sonia , Alba Rob , Damasceno Cynthia M.B. , Lopez-Casado Gloria , Lohse Marc , Zanor Maria Inés , Tohge Takayuki , Usadel Björn , Rose Jocelyn K.C. , Fei Zhangjun , Giovannoni James J. , Fernie Alisdair R. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is an established model to study fleshy fruit development and ripening. Tomato ripening is regulated independently and cooperatively by ethylene and transcription factors, including nonripening (NOR) and ripening-inhibitor (RIN). Mutations of NOR, RIN, and the ethylene receptor Never-ripe (Nr), which block ethylene perception and inhibit ripening, have proven to be great tools for advancing our understanding of the developmental programs regulating ripening. In this study, we present systems analysis of nor, rin, and Nr at the transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic levels during development and ripening. Metabolic profiling marked shifts in the abundance of metabolites of primary metabolism, which lead to decreases in metabolic activity during ripening. When combined with transcriptomic and proteomic data, several aspects of the regulation of metabolism during ripening were revealed. First, correlations between the expression levels of a transcript and the abundance of its corresponding protein were infrequently observed during early ripening, suggesting that posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms play an important role in these stages; however, this correlation was much greater in later stages. Second, we observed very strong correlation between ripening-associated transcripts and specific metabolite groups, such as organic acids, sugars, and cell wall-related metabolites, underlining the importance of these metabolic pathways during fruit ripening. These results further revealed multiple ethylene-associated events during tomato ripening, providing new insights into the molecular biology of ethylene-mediated ripening regulatory networks.
A Common Genetic Determinism for Sensitivities to Soil Water Deficit and Evaporative Demand: Meta-Analysis of Quantitative Trait Loci and Introgression Lines of Maize
Authors: Welcker Claude , Sadok Walid , Dignat Grégoire , Renault Morgan , Salvi Silvio , Charcosset Alain , Tardieu François 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Evaporative demand and soil water deficit equally contribute to water stress and to its effect on plant growth. We have compared the genetic architectures of the sensitivities of maize (Zea mays) leaf elongation rate with evaporative demand and soil water deficit. The former was measured via the response to leaf-to-air vapor pressure deficit in well-watered plants, the latter via the response to soil water potential in the absence of evaporative demand. Genetic analyses of each sensitivity were performed over 21 independent experiments with (1) three mapping populations, with temperate or tropical materials, (2) one population resulting from the introgression of a tropical drought-tolerant line in a temperate line, and (3) two introgression libraries genetically independent from mapping populations. A very large genetic variability was observed for both sensitivities. Some lines maintained leaf elongation at very high evaporative demand or water deficit, while others stopped elongation in mild conditions. A complex architecture arose from analyses of mapping populations, with 19 major meta-quantitative trait loci involving strong effects and/or more than one mapping population. A total of 68% of those quantitative trait loci affected sensitivities to both evaporative demand and soil water deficit. In introgressed lines, 73% of the tested genomic regions affected both sensitivities. To our knowledge, this study is the first genetic demonstration that hydraulic processes, which drive the response to evaporative demand, also have a large contribution to the genetic variability of plant growth under water deficit in a large range of genetic material.
Rates and timing of nitrogen fertilizer application on yield, nutritive value and nutrient‐use efficiency of early‐ and late‐sown forage maize
Authors: Islam M. R. , Garcia S. C. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe outcomes of previous studies have resulted in differing recommendations on the rate and timing of fertilizer N applications for forage maize. In order to gain an improved understanding of the role of N fertilizer, a field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of time and rate of N application on total and plant‐fraction yield, nutritive value and efficiency of nutrient utilization in early‐ and late‐sown forage maize. Treatments included two sowing dates (early, late), two rates of N (0, 135 kg ha−1) applied pre‐sowing (N1) and three rates of N (0, 79, 158 kg ha−1) applied post‐sowing (N2) at the six‐leaf stage (V6). Application of N at N1 (N0 vs. N135) increased dry‐matter (DM) stover yield by 11% and total yield by 7%. Application of fertilizer N at N2 (N0 vs. N158) increased grain yield by 44% and total yield by 34%. Application of N2 also increased irrigation and total water‐use efficiency (WUE) from 30 to 40 and 46 to 61 kg DM ml−1 water respectively. Late sowing increased DM yield by 6%, but decreased WUE compared with early sowing. The results indicate that application of N at both N1 and N2 is essential to maximize total DM yield from forage maize, but application at V6 is recommended when N input is reduced.
Characterisation of zein–oleic acid films and applications in fruit coating
Authors: Scramin Juliana A. , de Britto Douglas , Forato Lucimara A. , Bernardes‐Filho Rubens , Colnago Luiz A. , Assis Odilio B. G. 
Published: July 2011

SummaryPure zein films are known to be very hydrophobic, but are inappropriate for edible coating applications because of their brittle nature. In an attempt to improve the flexibility of these coatings, the influence of low concentrations of oleic acid (OA) as a plasticiser on mechanical, topographical and wetting properties of zein thin films was evaluated. Films were first obtained by casting from aqueous ethanol solutions with 4.0% in mass of zein and additions of 0%; 0.25%; 0.50%; and 1.0% (w/w) of OA. The results indicate an improvement in mechanical properties with increasing plasticiser leading to a reduction in the elastic modulus. An increase in the elongation at break has been observed, but with minor influence on tensile strength. All plasticised zein films have similar initial contact angle (approximately 69°) with a time‐dependent receding drop behaviour. An increase in plasticiser concentration increases film’s affinity towards water. As measured by atomic force microscopy, a consistent linear relation (R2 = 0.991) was estimated between film composition and surface adhesion and consequently on the hydrophilicity. Surface topography also varied with plasticiser addition, becoming smoother as the OA concentration increases. When tested as an edible coating on pears (Pyrus communis L.), a formulation with 0.25% wt of plasticiser achieved the best results in preserving the pear mass as measured during the evaluated storage time (12 days) at room temperature. A 0.5% concentration of plasticiser had no influence and higher amounts resulted in a reduction in fruit protection.
In discourse: Bourdieu’s theory of practice and habitus in the context of a communication‐oriented nursing interaction model
Authors: Sieger Margot , Fritz Elfriede , Them Christa 
Published: July 2011

sieger m., fritz e. & them c. (2012) In discourse: Bourdieu’s theory of practice and habitus in the context of a communication‐oriented nursing interaction model. Journal of Advanced Nursing 68(2), 480–489.AbstractAims.  This paper presents a discussion on the potential of the theories of practice and habitus as espoused by the sociologist Bourdieu.Background.  The interaction between nurses and patients is a constitutive element in the nursing process and a central aspect in the theories developed by Paterson and Zderad, and Orlando. Bourdieu′s theory of habitus and practices assists in understanding and explaining differentiated results concerning nurse–patient interaction.Data sources.  In a study on interactions with paraplegic patients, distinguished levels of interactions, which show considerable diversity among one another, could be identified. The data were collected over a period of 20 months in 2004–2006. The results present the central topics of interaction and show that understanding‐oriented interaction is rare.Discussion.  Communicative acting in nursing always takes place in a social context. In the interaction with patients, nurses assign a higher distinctive value to the standardized concepts of care facilities than to the actually perceived need of care. An understanding‐oriented interaction assumes that the nurses with their own contributions, themes and authorities, prove themselves in the eyes of the patient. It is expected from nurses that they habitualize their own concepts so that they can be represented in a convincing manner.Conclusion.  If an understanding‐oriented interaction is to extend into the practice of nursing, it is of crucial importance that both interaction partners assure each other how and with what capital their interaction is to be realized. Nurses need professional habitus to become agents in the social field of health.
Multimodal dynamic response of the Buchnera aphidicola pLeu plasmid to variations in leucine demand of its host, the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum
Authors: Viñuelas José , Febvay Gérard , Duport Gabrielle , Colella Stefano , Fayard Jean‐Michel , Charles Hubert , Rahbé Yvan , Calevro Federica 
Published: July 2011

SummaryAphids, important agricultural pests, can grow and reproduce thanks to their intimate symbiosis with the γ‐proteobacterium Buchnera aphidicola that furnishes them with essential amino acids lacking in their phloem sap diet. To study how B. aphidicola, with its reduced genome containing very few transcriptional regulators, responds to variations in the metabolic requirements of its host, we concentrated on the leucine metabolic pathway. We show that leucine is a limiting factor for aphid growth and it displays a stimulatory feeding effect. Our metabolic analyses demonstrate that symbiotic aphids are able to respond to leucine starvation or excess by modulating the neosynthesis of this amino acid. At a molecular level, this response involves an early important transcriptional regulation (after 12 h of treatment) followed by a moderate change in the pLeu plasmid copy number. Both responses are no longer apparent after 7 days of treatment. These experimental data are discussed in the light of a re‐annotation of the pLeu plasmid regulatory elements. Taken together, our data show that the response of B. aphidicola to the leucine demand of its host is multimodal and dynamically regulated, providing new insights concerning the genetic regulation capabilities of this bacterium in relation to its symbiotic functions.
The GABRIEL Advanced Surveys: study design, participation and evaluation of bias
Authors: Genuneit Jon , Büchele Gisela , Waser Marco , Kovacs Katalin , Debinska Anna , Boznanski Andrzej , Strunz‐Lehner Christine , Horak Elisabeth , Cullinan Paul , Heederik Dick , Braun‐Fahrländer Charlotte , von Mutius Erika ,   the GABRIELA Study Group
Published: July 2011

SummaryGenuneit J, Büchele G, Waser M, Kovacs K, Debinska A, Boznanski A, Strunz‐Lehner C, Horak E, Cullinan P, Heederik D, Braun‐Fahrländer C, von Mutius E, the GABRIELA Study Group. The GABRIEL Advanced Surveys: study design, participation and evaluation of bias. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 2011; 25: 436–447.Exposure to farming environments has been shown to protect substantially against asthma and atopic disease across Europe and in other parts of the world. The GABRIEL Advanced Surveys (GABRIELA) were conducted to determine factors in farming environments which are fundamental to protecting against asthma and atopic disease.The GABRIEL Advanced Surveys have a multi‐phase stratified design. In a first‐screening phase, a comprehensive population‐based survey was conducted to assess the prevalence of exposure to farming environments and of asthma and atopic diseases (n = 103 219). The second phase was designed to ascertain detailed exposure to farming environments and to collect biomaterial and environmental samples in a stratified random sample of phase 1 participants (n = 15 255). A third phase was carried out in a further stratified sample only in Bavaria, southern Germany, aiming at in‐depth respiratory disease and exposure assessment including extensive environmental sampling (n = 895).Participation rates in phase 1 were around 60% but only about half of the participating study population consented to further study modules in phase 2. We found that consenting behaviour was related to familial allergies, high parental education, wheeze, doctor diagnosed asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis, and to a lesser extent to exposure to farming environments. The association of exposure to farm environments with asthma or rhinoconjunctivitis was not biased by participation or consenting behaviour.The GABRIEL Advanced Surveys are one of the largest studies to shed light on the protective ‘farm effect’ on asthma and atopic disease. Bias with regard to the main study question was able to be ruled out by representativeness and high participation rates in phases 2 and 3. The GABRIEL Advanced Surveys have created extensive collections of questionnaire data, biomaterial and environmental samples promising new insights into this area of research.
Fusarium oxysporum Fo47 confers protection to pepper plants against Verticillium dahliae and Phytophthora capsici, and induces the expression of defence genes
Authors: Veloso J. , Díaz J. 
Published: July 2011

The application of the nonpathogenic isolate Fusarium oxysporum 47 (Fo47) reduced the symptoms of verticillium wilt, phytophthora root rot and phytophthora blight in pepper plants. Botrytis cinerea was also tested on the leaves of plants treated with Fo47, but no protection was observed. Verticillium dahliae colonies cultured in the presence of Fo47 grew slower than control cultures, but Phytophthora capsici growth was unaffected by Fo47. At least part of the protection effect observed against V. dahliae could therefore be due to antagonism or competition. In order to search for induced resistance mechanisms, three defence genes previously related to pepper resistance were monitored over time. These genes encode a basic PR‐1 protein (CABPR1), a class II chitinase (CACHI2) and a sesquiterpene cyclase (CASC1) involved in the synthesis of capsidiol, a phytoalexin. These three genes were transiently up‐regulated in the roots by Fo47 in the absence of inoculation with the pathogen, but in the stem only CABPR1 was up‐regulated. In plants that were inoculated with V. dahliae after the Fo47 treatment, the three genes had a higher relative expression level than the control in both the roots and the stem.