bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CHINESE ART: HOW DIFFERENT COULD IT BE FROM WESTERN PAINTING?
Authors: Carrier David 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTWhen encountering something unfamiliar, it is natural to describe and understand it by reference to what is familiar. Commentary on Chinese landscape painting usually relies heavily upon analogies with Western art. James Elkins, concerned to understand the implications of this procedure, asks whether in seeing and writing about this art we ever can escape our Western perspectives. His problem is not just that he himself does not know Chinese. Even bilingual specialists or native Chinese speakers employ this vocabulary, for the vocabulary of contemporary art history, developed in the West, now is the language of academic art history everywhere. We know that we are distorting our descriptions of this Chinese art, even though we don't know how to “get it right.” In the history of European painting from Cimabue to the present, it would be hard to find any Western paintings that could be confused with any art made in China, so the frequent reliance of scholars upon such comparisons seems problematic. Of course, in the near future this situation might change. Perhaps in fifty years, as China becomes more prosperous, art history will become a hybrid discipline. At that point, the situation, which Elkins analyzes, will be reversed. But such a change is a long way in the future.
SEARLEWORLD1
Authors: Roth Paul A. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTJohn Searle's most recent effort to account for human social institutions claims to provide a synthesis of the explanatory and the normative while simultaneously dismissing as confused and wrongheaded theorists who held otherwise. Searle, although doubtless alert to the usual considerations for separating the normative and the explanatory projects, announces at the outset that he conceives of matters quite differently. Searle's reason for reconceiving the field rests on his claim that both ends can be achieved by a single “underlying principle of social ontology” (7). This principle, he maintains, proves basic both to any explanation of how the social arises and sustains itself as well as to all justifications of core common norms, for example, human rights. His approach transforms what previously appeared to be ontological/explanatory questions (and so prima facie empirical/causal matters) completely into semantic/conceptual issues. By situating language as constitutive of the social, and intentionality as a necessary conceptual precursor to language, Searle claims to join by semantic necessity philosophical projects that the philosophical tradition that he rejects held distinct. Searle's notion of the social comes for free once one has language as a conventional cloak for prelinguistic, semantically well‐formed intentional contents, individual and collective. But upon examination, Searle's key argument for displacement of the tradition depends upon the viability of his linguistic mechanism, and that in turn requires prelinguistic necessity for all forms of intentionality. But he can produce no compelling connection, conceptual or empirical, to establish the role that collective intentionality supposedly must play.
Physical Health Conditions Associated with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in U.S. Older Adults: Results from Wave 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions
Authors: Pietrzak Robert H. , Goldstein Risë B. , Southwick Steven M. , Grant Bridget F. 
Published: January 2012

ObjectivesTo present findings on past‐year medical conditions associated with lifetime trauma exposure and full and partial posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a nationally representative sample of U.S. older adults.DesignFace‐to‐face diagnostic interviews.SettingWave 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions.ParticipantsNine thousand four hundred sixty‐three adults aged 60 and older.MeasurementsLogistic regression analyses adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and psychiatric comorbidity were used to evaluate associations between PTSD status and past‐year medical disorders; linear regression models evaluated associations with past‐month physical functioning.ResultsAfter adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics and comorbid lifetime mood, anxiety, substance use, attention‐deficit/hyperactivity, and personality disorders, respondents with lifetime PTSD were more likely than respondents who reported experiencing one or more traumatic life events but who did not meet lifetime criteria for full or partial PTSD (trauma controls) to report being diagnosed with hypertension, angina pectoris, tachycardia, other heart disease, stomach ulcer, gastritis, and arthritis (odds ratios (ORs) = 1.3–1.8) by a healthcare professional; they also scored lower on a measure of physical functioning than controls and respondents with partial PTSD. Respondents with lifetime partial PTSD were more likely than controls to report past‐year diagnoses of gastritis (OR = 1.7), angina pectoris (OR = 1.5), and arthritis (OR = 1.4) and reported worse physical functioning. Number of lifetime traumatic event types was associated with most of the medical conditions assessed; adjustment for these events reduced the magnitudes of and rendered nonsignificant most associations between PTSD status and medical conditions.ConclusionOlder adults with lifetime PTSD have high rates of several physical health conditions, many of which are chronic disorders of aging, and poorer physical functioning. Older adults with lifetime partial PTSD have higher rates of gastritis, angina pectoris, and arthritis and poorer physical functioning.
Functional Status Does Not Predict Complicated Clinical Course in Older Adults in the Emergency Department with Infection
Authors: Caterino Jeffrey M. , Murden Robert A. , Stevenson Kurt B. 
Published: January 2012

ObjectivesTo identify the relationship between functional status and complicated clinical course in older adults in the emergency department (ED) with suspected infection and to identify other independent predictors of complicated clinical course.DesignA prospective observational cohort study.SettingAn academic, tertiary care ED with 70,000 visits per year.ParticipantsAged 65 and older, blood cultures obtained in the ED, and final ED physician diagnosis of acute infection.MeasurementsFunctional status was obtained using the Older Americans Resources Scale (OARS). Complicated clinical course was defined as in‐hospital mortality, need for intensive care unit (ICU)‐level care, or worsening in sepsis criteria within 48 hours. Analysis was performed using multivariable logistic regression.ResultsOne hundred five participants were enrolled, 34 with the primary outcome. OARS was not predictive of complicated clinical course in univariate (P = .13) or multivariable (P = .90) models. An OARS score of 25 or less was also not significant (P = .22). Independent predictors were immunosuppression (odds ratio (OR) = 3.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.06–11.20), systolic blood pressure (OR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.96–1.00), pulse (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.00–1.06), metabolic acidosis (OR = 3.46, 95% CI = 1.08–11.09), severe sepsis or septic shock (OR = 10.24, 95% CI = 1.44–72.79), and suspected bloodstream infection (OR = 3.56, 95% CI = 1.13–11.16).ConclusionFor older adults admitted to the ED with infection, functional status did not predict complicated clinical course, but several other variables were predictive, including immunosuppression, several variables associated with hypoperfusion, and suspected bloodstream infection. Emergency physicians could consider these variables as potential indicators of complicated clinical course when making disposition decisions for this population.
Health Consequences Associated with Being Overweight or Obese: A Swedish Population‐Based Study of 85‐Year‐Olds
Authors: Dong Huan‐Ji , Unosson Mitra , Wressle Ewa , Marcusson Jan 
Published: January 2012

ObjectivesTo determine whether being overweight or obese is associated with significant health outcomes in an 85‐year‐old population.DesignA cross‐sectional population‐based study.SettingLinköping,Sweden.ParticipantsThree hundred thirty‐eight people born in 1922 were identified using the local authority's register.MeasurementsData related to sociodemographic characteristics, health‐related quality of life (HRQoL), assistance use, and the presence of diseases were collected using a postal questionnaire. Anthropometry and functional status were assessed during home and geriatric clinic visits. Diseases were double‐checked in the electronic medical records, and information about health service consumption was obtained from the local healthcare register.ResultsOverweight (body mass index (BMI) 25.0–29.9 kg/m2) and obese (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2) participants perceived more difficulty performing instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) and had more comorbidity than their normal‐weight counterparts (BMI18.5–24.9 kg/m2), but their overallHRQoLand health service costs did not differ from those of normal‐weight participants. After controlling for sociodemographic factors, being overweight did not influenceIADLsor any comorbidity, but obese participants were more likely to perceive greater difficulty in performing outdoor activities (odds ratio (OR) = 2.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.1–4) and cleaning (OR = 2.2, 95%CI = 1.2–4.2) than their normal‐weight counterparts. Although obesity was also associated with multimorbidity (OR = 3, 95%CI = 1.2–8), the health service cost of each case of multimorbidity (n = 251) was highest in normal‐weight participants and nearly three times as much as in obese participants (ratio: 2.9, 95%CI = 1.1–8.1).ConclusionFor 85‐year‐olds, being obese, as opposed to overweight, is associated with self‐reported activity limitations and comorbidities. Overweight older adults living in their own homes in this population had well‐being similar to that of those with normal weight.
Protein Intake and Muscle Strength in Older Persons: Does Inflammation Matter?
Authors: Bartali Benedetta , Frongillo Edward A. , Stipanuk Martha H. , Bandinelli Stefania , Salvini Simonetta , Palli Domenico , Morais Jose A. , Volpato Stefano , Guralnik Jack M. , Ferrucci Luigi 
Published: January 2012

ObjectivesTo examine whether protein intake is associated with change in muscle strength in older persons. Because systemic inflammation has been associated with protein catabolism, the study also evaluated whether a synergistic effect exists between protein intake and inflammatory markers on change in muscle strength.DesignLongitudinal.SettingThe Invecchiare in Chianti Study.ParticipantsFive hundred and ninety‐eight older adults.MeasurementsKnee extension strength was measured at baseline (1998–2000) and during 3‐year follow‐up (2001–2003) using a handheld dynamometer. Protein intake was assessed using a detailed food frequency questionnaire. The inflammatory markers examined were C‐reactive protein (CRP), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α).ResultsThe main effect of protein intake on change in muscle strength was not significant. However, a significant interaction was found between protein intake and CRP (P = .003), IL‐6 (P = .049), and TNF‐α (P = .02), indicating that lower protein intake was associated with greater decline in muscle strength in persons with high levels of inflammatory markers.ConclusionLower protein intake was associated with decline in muscle strength in persons with high levels of inflammatory markers. These results may help to understand the factors contributing to decline in muscle strength with aging and to identify the target population of older persons who may benefit from nutritional interventions aimed at preventing or reducing age‐associated muscle impairments and its detrimental consequences.
A Confucian Improvement of Democracy
Authors: TONGDONG BAI 
Published: January 2012

For 500 years the West was on the rise, culminating in Globalizaiton 1.0—the open system of trade, information flows and the spread of technology on the terms and in the image of the West. The benefits of that system over the last 30 years have led to the rise of the emerging economies. As a result we are entering the new era of Globalization 2.0 characterized by new forms of non‐Western modernity and the interdependence of plural identities. The advent of this new era has been hastened by the fiscal and financial crisis in Europe and the United States.Turkey, with its Islamic‐oriented democracy that has become a template for the liberated peoples of the Arab Spring, and China, with its effective neo‐Confucian form of governance, are the most sharply defined new players in this multi‐polar and multi‐dimensional world.In this section, one of Turkey's most insightful sociologists examines the post‐secular transformation of that nation. One of China's more provocative philosophers proposes a hybrid model that combines what has been learned from the experience of Western and Chinese governance in a way that “enhances democracy” in both systems.
C2 to the Tactical Edge
Authors: FAMME JOSEPH B. , PRICE BRYAN , RAITCH TED , DAVISON JIM 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe United States and Allied Maritime domain dominance of sea approaches, lengthy coastlines, and associated rivers and ports is essential. At risk are the security and the economies of the United States and allied countries. The classical Mahan strategies for control of the maritime domain are the role of ships of the line, submarines, and aircraft in roles for Sea and Choke Points Control and Amphibious Assault. Current threats have proven the need to extend tactical response options beyond the ship's hull to its boats and RHIBs used for security and “combatant” craft roles including antipiracy, antidrug, illegal trade, and border security. The stakes are high for these “outside the hull” craft operations because the threats beyond the ship's hull are increasingly more capable and violent and the legal stakes are frequently international in nature. Positive control of these boats is also required for safety‐at‐sea in darkness and rough sea states. Under these conditions command and control (C2) functions similar to the capabilities of ships of the line are now required to be extended to the ship's manned craft in a distributed defensive and offensive role outside the hull of the ship. The ASNE topics list suggested “Engineering the Fighter Integer … into a Distributed Defense Architecture.” This paper will address the potential threat scenarios, the associated C2 requirements for success, and postulate C2 solutions as available to the United States and allied navies for distributed defensive and offensive architectures for the manned boats beyond the hull of the ship: we call this, “C2 to the Tactical Edge.”
Survivin gene promoter polymorphism ‐31G/C as a risk factor for keratocystic odontogenic tumor development
Authors: Andric Miroslav , Nikolic Nađa , Boskovic Marija , Milicic Biljana , Skodric Sanja , Basta Jovanovic Gordana , Milasin Jelena 
Published: January 2012

Andric M, Nikolic N, Boskovic M, Milicic B, Skodric S, Basta Jovanovic G, Milasin J. Survivin gene promoter polymorphism ‐31G/C as a risk factor for keratocystic odontogenic tumor development. Eur J Oral Sci 2012; 120: 9–13. © 2012 Eur J Oral SciSeveral single nucleotide polymorphisms in survivin gene promoters, notably ‐31G/C, have been shown to modulate the expression and activity of the survivin protein. Consequently, the ‐31G/C polymorphism has been identified as a risk factor for the development of several types of tumors. The aim of this study was to investigate a possible association between the ‐31G/C polymorphism and the risk for keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT) development. DNA from 52 biopsy specimens of KCOTs and from 82 buccal swabs of healthy individuals was subjected to PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis to identify individual genotypes. The distribution of genotypes in KCOT and control groups, respectively, was: GG: 30 (57.7%) vs. 26 (31.7%); CG: 17 (32.7%) vs. 45 (54.9%); and CC: 5 (9.6%) vs. 11 (13.4%), respectively. These differences were statistically significant. The G allele was more common in the KCOT group than in the control group: 76 (74%) vs. 96 (59%), respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that GC heterozygotes had a considerably decreased susceptibility for KCOTs compared with GG homozygotes. The same was true for GC+CC vs. GG. The GG genotype of the ‐31G/C polymorphism might be a risk factor for KCOT development.
Water stress interacts with early arrival to influence interspecific and intraspecific priority competition: a test using a greenhouse study
Authors: Moore James E. , Franklin Scott B. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractQuestionsDo species arriving early (priority effect) to a site have a competitive advantage over species arriving later? Does early arrival aid in species ability to tolerate water stress? Is intra‐ and interspecific competition different for early and late arrivers?LocationGreenhouse, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, Colorado, USA.MethodsA 1‐mo ‘head start’ in the greenhouse was used to simulate early arrival of Panicum capillare and Polygonum persicaria. We used a completely randomized design to examine the effects of water stress (drained, drought, flood) and priority competition (interspecific and intraspecific) in relation to species’ cohort [older (established) and younger (novel) individuals planted in different combinations]. We calculated increases in root and shoot weights, total biomass, root/shoot ratios, height, leaf number and length of longest leaf. All dependent variables were analysed using MANOVA and individual GLM ANOVAs.ResultsIncreases in shoot and root biomass were significantly affected by water stress but the effects were species‐ and priority level‐specific. Root biomass for established individuals was significantly reduced after flooding and drought. Shoot biomass was least for drought and flood treatments of both older and younger P. persicaria, but older and younger P. capillare were unaffected. There were species‐specific priority differences (i.e. greater for older individuals) for shoot height and increases in leaf number; however, the opposite was seen for increases in leaf length.ConclusionsIn terms of community assembly, neither species appears to have an advantage in relation to competition or water stress, as both seem plastic and are negatively affected by flood and drought stress. The greater impact of older P. persicaria on P. capillare is the only advantage P. persicaria seems to have in the greenhouse. Correlating this to natural conditions, it appears that chance in reaching a site first plays a major role in P. persicaria's colonization success. This study provides evidence of the impacts of arrival time on subsequent physiological and competitive abilities of plants.
Structural characterization of Helicobacter pylori dethiobiotin synthetase reveals differences between family members
Authors: Porebski Przemyslaw J. , Klimecka Maria , Chruszcz Maksymilian , Nicholls Robert A. , Murzyn Krzysztof , Cuff Marianne E. , Xu Xiaohui , Cymborowski Marcin , Murshudov Garib N. , Savchenko Alexei , Edwards Aled , Minor Wladek 
Published: January 2012

Dethiobiotin synthetase (DTBS) is involved in the biosynthesis of biotin in bacteria, fungi, and plants. As humans lack this pathway, DTBS is a promising antimicrobial drug target. We determined structures of DTBS from Helicobacter pylori (hpDTBS) bound with cofactors and a substrate analog, and described its unique characteristics relative to other DTBS proteins. Comparison with bacterial DTBS orthologs revealed considerable structural differences in nucleotide recognition. The C‐terminal region of DTBS proteins, which contains two nucleotide‐recognition motifs, differs greatly among DTBS proteins from different species. The structure of hpDTBS revealed that this protein is unique and does not contain a C‐terminal region containing one of the motifs. The single nucleotide‐binding motif in hpDTBS is similar to its counterpart in GTPases; however, isothermal titration calorimetry binding studies showed that hpDTBS has a strong preference for ATP. The structural determinants of ATP specificity were assessed with X‐ray crystallographic studies of hpDTBS·ATP and hpDTBS·GTP complexes. The unique mode of nucleotide recognition in hpDTBS makes this protein a good target for H. pylori‐specific inhibitors of the biotin synthesis pathway.Database
Coordinates and structure factors for structures presented in this article have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank under the following accession codes: 2QMO – apo‐form; 3MLE – hpDTBS·8‐ac·ADP· in P212121 form; 3QXC – hpDTBS·ATP; 3QXH – hpDTBS·8‐ac:ADP· in C2 form; 3QXJ – hpDTBS·GTP; 3QXS – hpDTBS·ANP; 3QXX – 8‐ac·GDP·; and 3QY0 – hpDTBS·GDP·.Structured digital abstract
hpDTBS and hpDTBS bind by x‐ray crystallography (View interaction)
Formation of massive globular clusters with heavy element abundance spread in the Galactic building blocks
Authors: Bekki Kenji 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACT
A growing number of recent observations have revealed that the Galactic globular cluster (GC) ω Cen is not the only GC that shows abundance spread in heavy elements (e.g. Fe). In order to understand the origin of the Galactic GCs with heavy element abundance spread (HEAS), we investigate the formation processes of massive GCs (MGCs) with masses larger than 106 M⊙ in gas-rich dwarf galaxies interacting and merging with the very young Galaxy. We find that massive and compact stellar clumps with masses larger than 106 M⊙, which can be regarded as progenitors of MGCs, can form from massive gas clumps that are developed through merging of gaseous regions initially at different radii and thus with different metallicities. Therefore, it is inevitable that MGCs formed in dwarfs have HEAS. The abundance spread in each individual MGC depends on the radial metallicity gradient of the host dwarf such that it can be larger for the steeper metallicity gradient. For example, MGCs formed in a dwarf with a central metallicity of [Fe/H] =−1.1 and the radial gradient of ∼−0.2 dex kpc−1 can have the abundance spread of Δ[Fe/H] ∼ 0.2. The simulated MGCs appear to be significantly flattened owing to their dissipative formation from gas discs of their host dwarfs. Based on these results, we discuss possibly diverse formation mechanisms for the Galactic GCs such as M22, M54, NGC 2419, ω Cen and Terzan 5.
Complications associated with temporary tracheostomy tubes in 42 dogs (1998 to 2007)
Authors: Nicholson I. , Baines S. 
Published: January 2012

Objective: To identify the type and frequency of tracheostomy tube complications, and to determine factors associated with these complications, and with poor outcome.Methods: A database search for dogs undergoing temporary tube tracheostomy was performed. The medical records were scrutinised. The signalment, respiratory disease history, diagnosis, surgery, type and frequency of tube care procedures, type of complications and outcome were recorded.Results: Forty‐two records were found. Complications occurred in 36 of 42 (86%) cases. Bulldogs were more likely to dislodge the tube than other breeds (P=0·0376), and cases with three or more complication types underwent more routine care procedures than those with fewer complications (P=0·0370). Thirty‐four of 42 (81%) dogs had a successfully managed tracheostomy tube and survived until tube removal, or elective euthanasia without significant tube complications. Bulldogs were also significantly (P=0·0376) more likely to have an unsuccessful tube outcome, as were dogs experiencing severe bradycardia during treatment (P=0·0176). Dogs with unsuccessful tube outcome were significantly (P=0·0331) younger than dogs with successful tube outcome.ClinicalSignificance: Tracheostomy tubes in dogs have a high complication rate but a good outcome in most dogs. Careful management may improve the outcome of dogs with tracheostomy tubes, especially bulldogs and dogs exhibiting bradycardia during treatment.