bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parental fatigue and parenting practices during early childhood: an Australian community survey
Authors: Cooklin A. R. , Giallo R. , Rose N. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackground Parenting behaviours are influenced by a range of factors, including parental functioning. Although common, the influence of parental fatigue on parenting practices is not known. The first aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between fatigue and parenting practices. The second aim was to identify parental psychosocial factors significantly associated with fatigue.Methods A sample of 1276 Australian parents, of at least one child aged 0–5 years, completed a survey. Demographic, psychosocial (social support, coping responses) and parental sleep and self‐care information was collected. Hierarchical regression was performed to assess the contribution of fatigue (modified Fatigue Assessment Scale) to parental practices (warmth, irritability and involvement), and parenting experiences (Parenting Stress Index, Parenting Sense of Competence Scale). Hierarchical multiple regression assessed the contribution of a range of parental sleep, psychosocial (social support, coping responses) and self‐care variables to fatigue when demographic characteristics were held constant.Results Higher fatigue was significantly associated with lower parental competence (β=−0.17,P< 0.005), greater parenting stress (β= 0.21,P< 0.005) and more irritability in parent–child interactions (β= 0.11,P< 0.005). Several psychosocial characteristics were associated with higher parental fatigue, including inadequate social support, poorer diet, poorer sleep quality and ineffective coping styles including self‐blame and behaviour disengagement.Conclusions Fatigue is common, and results suggest that fatigue contributes to adverse parental practices and experiences. However, possible risk factors for higher fatigue were identified in this study, indicating opportunities for intervention, management and support for parents.
Molecular characterization of a novel p.R118C mutation in the insulin receptor gene from patients with severe insulin resistance
Authors: Alzahrani Ali S. , Zou Minjing , Baitei Essa Y. , Parhar Ranjit S. , Al‐Kahtani Nora , Raef Hussein , Almahfouz Abdulraof , Amartey John K. , Al‐Rijjal Roua , Hammami Rakad , Meyer Brian F. , Al‐Mohanna Futwan A. , Shi Yufei 
Published: October 2011

SummaryContext  Mutations of the insulin receptor gene (INSR) can cause genetic syndromes associated with severe insulin resistance.Objectives  We aimed to analyse INSR mutations in Saudi patients with severe insulin resistance.Design  Ten patients with Type A insulin resistance syndrome from five unrelated Saudi families were investigated. The entire coding region of INSR was sequenced. The founder effect was assessed by microsatellite haplotype analysis. The functional effect of the mutation was investigated by in vitro functional assays.Results  A novel biallelic c.433 C>T (p.R118C) mutation was detected in all patients. The c.433 C>T (p.R118C) sequence variation was not found in 100 population controls. The arginine residue at position 118 is located in the ligand‐binding domain of INSR and is highly conserved across species. Microsatellite haplotype analysis of these patients indicated that p.R118C was a founder mutation created approximately 2900 years ago. The wild‐type and mutant R118C INSR were cloned and expressed in CHO cells for functional analysis. Specific insulin binding to the mutant receptor was reduced by 83% as compared to wild‐type (WT), although the mutant receptor was processed and expressed on the cell surface. Insulin‐mediated receptor autophosphorylation was also significantly reduced in CHOR118C cells.Conclusions  Biallelic c.433 C>T (p.R118C) mutation of INSR causes significant damage to insulin binding and insulin‐mediated signal transduction. p.R118C is a founder mutation frequently present in the Saudi patients with severe insulin resistance.
Robust immune response elicited by a novel and unique Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein using an optimized DNA/protein heterologous prime/boost protocol
Authors: Cayabyab Mark J. , Kashino Suely S. , Campos‐Neto Antonio 
Published: October 2011

SummaryAn efficacious tuberculosis (TB) vaccine will probably need to induce both CD4 and CD8 T‐cell responses specific to a protective Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen(s). To achieve this broad cellular immune response we tested a heterologous DNA/protein combination vaccine strategy. We used a purified recombinant protein preparation of a unique M. tuberculosis antigen (rMT1721) found in the urine of TB patients, an optimized plasmid DNA expressing this protein (DNA‐MT1721), and a Toll‐like receptor 4 agonist adjuvant. We found that priming mice with DNA‐MT1721 and subsequently boosting with rMT1721 elicited high titres of specific IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies as well as high magnitude and polyfunctional CD4+ T‐cell responses. However, no detectable CD8+ T‐cell response was observed using this regimen of immunization. In contrast, both CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cell responses were detected after a prime/boost vaccination regimen using rMT1721 as the priming antigen and DNA‐MT1721 as the boosting immunogen. These findings support the exploration of heterologous DNA/protein immunization strategies in vaccine development against TB and possibly other infectious diseases.
Microevolutionary relationships between phylogeographical history, climate change and morphological variability in the common vole (Microtus arvalis) across France
Authors: Renvoisé Elodie , Montuire Sophie , Richard Yves , Quéré Jean‐Pierre , Gerber Sylvain , Cucchi Thomas , Chateau‐Smith Carmela , Tougard Christelle 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAim  In this study, we analyse microevolutionary processes in common voles (Microtus arvalis) through the investigation of tooth morphological structure, in order to assess the relative impact of climate and phylogeographical history. Microevolutionary studies have shown that climate change may play a role in both population phylogeography and phenotypic differentiation. However, relatively little is known about the precise relationship between phylogeography and phenotypic variability and about how organisms respond to climate change.Location  France, from sea level to the Alps (5 to > 2300 m a.s.l.).Methods  This morphological analysis is based on first lower molar measurements from 16 geographically distinct common vole populations. Size and shape components are assessed separately. Population structure patterns are characterized using canonical variate analysis. We use phylogenetic analyses of two regions of mitochondrial DNA (the control region and the cytochrome b gene) to infer genetic structure. We calculate climate parameters from temperature and precipitation data. We investigate the influence of climate, geography and phylogeographical history on the phenotype using (1) multiple regression tests, (2) pairwise comparison of observation‐by‐variable matrices, and (3) a correlation method designed to compare three matrices.Results  All populations were clearly structured, whatever the dataset. Neither size nor shape variation was correlated with climate parameters, but tooth shape was strongly correlated with both genetic structure and geographical distance.Main conclusions  In French Microtus arvalis populations, molar shape differentiation is clearly associated with both phylogeographical history and geographical distance. Population phylogeographical history has a greater relevance than climate in accounting for variation in tooth morphology.
A realignment of marine biogeographic provinces with particular reference to fish distributions
Authors: Briggs John C. , Bowen Brian W. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractMarine provinces, founded on contrasting floras or faunas, have been recognized for more than 150 years but were not consistently defined by endemism until 1974. At that time, provinces were based on at least a 10% endemism and nested within biogeographic regions that covered large geographic areas with contrasting biotic characteristics. Over time, some minor adjustments were made but the overall arrangement remained essentially unaltered. In many provinces, data on endemism were still not available, or were available only for the most widely studied vertebrates (fishes), a problem that is ongoing. In this report we propose a realignment for three reasons. First, recent works have provided new information to modify or redefine the various divisions and to describe new ones, including the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge, Southern Ocean, Tropical East Pacific and Northeast Pacific. Second, phylogeographic studies have demonstrated genetic subdivisions within and between species that generally corroborated provinces based on taxonomic partitions, with a notable exception at the Indian–Pacific oceanic boundary. Third, the original separation of the warm‐temperate provinces from the adjoining tropical ones has distracted from their close phylogenetic relationships. Here we propose uniting warm‐temperate and tropical regions into a single warm region within each ocean basin, while still recognizing provinces within the warm‐temperate and tropical zones. These biogeographic subdivisions are based primarily on fish distribution but utilize other marine groups for comparison. They are intended to demonstrate the evolutionary relationships of the living marine biota, and to serve as a framework for the establishment of smaller ecological units in a conservation context.
Phylogenetic and phenotypic structure among Banksia communities in south‐western Australia
Authors: Merwin Laura , He Tianhua , Lamont Byron B. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAim  Phylogenetic and phenotypic patterns among coexisting banksias (Banksia, Proteaceae) in the infertile, fire‐prone landscapes of south‐western Australia were examined for evidence of community structuring. It was expected that closely related species would be spatially clustered (underdispersed) as a consequence of widespread recent speciation, strong edaphic fidelity and low dispersability. We also expected that edaphic filtering would result in phenotypic clustering of traits related to habitat specialization and that competitive exclusion among closely related species with similar regeneration biology and growth form would result in phenotypic overdispersion of these latter traits.Location  Southwest Australian Floristic Region (SWAFR).Methods  Based on published data for coexistence (richness and frequency) of Banksia species at 40 sites in the three floristic provinces, phylogenetic, soil type and morphological mean pairwise distance and mean nearest taxon distance were calculated for each site and compared with null communities. Patterns of co‐occurrence were examined at the local and subregional (provincial) scales.Results  Of the 40 sites assessed, 21–30 displayed phylogenetic clustering of Banksia species (5–11 significantly) such that, overall, co‐occurring taxa were more closely related than expected by chance. Banksias in the Transitional Rainfall and Southeast Coastal Provinces were more likely to display phylogenetic clustering than in the High Rainfall Province. A significant trend for phylogenetic clustering associated with edaphic specialization (27–30 sites) was observed, as well as a significant trend for phenotypic overdispersion associated with growth form (25–28 sites). Results for regeneration biology depended on the metric used.Main conclusions  We demonstrate spatial clustering of closely related banksias at the local and provincial scales, consistent with their restricted distribution (recent widespread speciation, patchy habitat availability and limited dispersability) in this geologically old and stable region. The clustering of closely related species may also be a consequence of habitat filtering linked to edaphic fidelity in the SWAFR flora, while overdispersion in growth form suggests that functional divergence favours coexistence in Banksia communities.
Study on factors influencing recrudescent time of postdischarge patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Wang Lan , Zang Xiao‐Ying , Zhang Qing , Liu Su‐Yan , Shen Yue‐Hao , Zhao Yue 
Published: October 2011

Aim.  (1) To explore the prognostic factors of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. (2) To calculate the recrudescence time (the time from discharge to acute exacerbation again) of postdischarge patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Background.  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is an airflow limitation illness that is preventable and treatable. To find out the prognostic factors will make effective postdischarge care, which can help patients reduce readmission times and prolong recrudescent time.Design.  Cohort study.Method.  From November 2007–October 2008, 136 patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were analysed by gender, age, career, education level, body mass index, smoking, oxygen therapy, drug‐taken compliance, respiratory function exercise, blood gas, lung function, six‐minute walking test and degree of dyspnoea. Factors related to prognosis were analysed by univariate and multivariate Cox regression. Kaplan–Meier method was used for survival analysis and log‐rank test for comparison of survival curve.Results.  A total of 121 patients recrudesced up to October 2009. Recrudescence rate was 7·35% in a month, 25·00% in three months, 55·62% in six months and 88·23% in 12 months. Higher drug‐taken compliance and respiratory function exercise were the factors influencing patients’ acute exacerbation (p < 0·05). The median recrudescence time of drug taken or not was six and four months, and doing respiratory function exercise or not was eight and six months.Conclusion.  Respiratory function exercise and higher drug‐taken compliance can prolong recrudescence time and reduce recrudescence rate.Relevance to clinical practice.  Clinical nurses who know more risk factors about acute exacerbation of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can provide effective discharge planning, which will increase patients’ quality of life and decrease mortality.
Brain reinforcement system function is ghrelin dependent: studies in the rat using pharmacological fMRI and intracranial self‐stimulation
Authors: Wellman Paul J. , Clifford P. Shane , Rodriguez Juan A. , Hughes Samuel , Di Francesco Carla , Melotto Sergio , Tessari Michela , Corsi Mauro , Bifone Angelo , Gozzi Alessandro 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTGhrelin (GHR) is an orexigenic gut peptide that interacts with brain ghrelin receptors (GHR‐Rs) to promote food intake. Recent research suggests that GHR acts as a modulator of motivated behavior, suggesting a direct influence of GHR on brain reinforcement circuits. In the present studies, we investigated the role of GHR and GHR‐Rs in brain reinforcement function. Pharmacological magnetic resonance imaging was used to spatially resolve the functional activation produced by systemic administration of an orexigenic GHR dose. The imaging data revealed a focal activation of a network of subcortical structures that comprise brain reinforcement circuits—ventral tegmental area, lateral hypothalamus and nucleus accumbens. We next analyzed whether brain reinforcement circuits require functional GHR‐Rs. To this purpose, wild‐type (WT) or mutant rats sustaining N‐ethyl‐N‐nitrosourea‐induced knockout of GHR‐Rs (GHR‐R null rats) were implanted with stimulating electrodes aimed at the lateral hypothalamus, shaped to respond for intracranial self‐stimulation (ICSS) and then tested using a rate‐frequency procedure to examine ICSS response patterns. WT rats were readily shaped using stimulation intensities of 75 µA, whereas GHR‐R null rats required 300 µA for ICSS shaping. No differences in rate‐frequency curves were noted for WT rats at 75 µA and GHR‐R null rats at 300 µA. When current intensity was lowered to 100 µA, GHR‐R null rats did not respond for ICSS. Taken collectively, these data suggest that systemic GHR can activate mesolimbic dopaminergic areas, and highlight a facilitative role of GHR‐Rs on the activity of brain reinforcement systems.
Familial aggregation of allergen‐specific sensitization and asthma
Authors: Kurzius‐Spencer Margaret , Guerra Stefano , Sherrill Duane L. , Halonen Marilyn , Elston Robert C. , Martinez Fernando D. 
Published: October 2011

To cite this article: Kurzius‐Spencer M, Guerra S, Sherrill DL, Halonen M, Elston RC, Martinez FD. Familial aggregation of allergen‐specific sensitization and asthma. Pediatric Allergy Immunology 2012: 23: 21–27.AbstractBackground:  Familial aggregation of specific response to allergens and asthma adjusted for age and sensitization to multiple allergens was assessed in two large population cohorts.Methods:  Allergen skin prick tests (SPTs) were administered to 1151 families in the Tucson Children’s Respiratory Study (CRS) and 435 families in the Tucson Epidemiological Study of Airway Obstructive Disease (TESAOD). Sensitization was defined by wheal size ≥3 mm; physician‐diagnosed asthma at age ≥8 yr was based on questionnaires. Using s.a.g.e. 6.1 software assoc and fcor, familial correlations of crude and adjusted phenotypes were evaluated.Results:  Crude estimates of parent–offspring (P–O) and sibling correlations were statistically significant for most allergens, ranging from 0.03 to 0.29. After adjusting for age of assessment and ‘other atopy’ (SPT‐positive response to additional allergens), correlations were reduced by 14–71%. Sibling correlations for specific response to allergens were consistently higher than P–O correlations, but this difference was significant only for dust mite and weed mix in the TESAOD population. Familial correlation for atopic status (any positive SPTs vs. none) tended to be higher than for specific allergens. Asthma, with and without adjustment, showed greater familial correlation than either specific or general SPT response and significantly higher sibling correlation in TESAOD than in CRS, probably due to the older age of the siblings and the longer period of ascertainment.Conclusions:  Significant familial aggregation of specific response to allergen after adjustment for other atopy appears to reflect a genetic propensity toward atopy, dependent on shared familial exposures. Results also suggest that inheritance of asthma is independent of atopic sensitization.
Adjunctive nutraceuticals with standard pharmacotherapies in bipolar disorder: a systematic review of clinical trials
Authors: Sarris Jerome , Mischoulon David , Schweitzer Isaac 
Published: October 2011

Sarris J, Mischoulon D, Schweitzer I. Adjunctive nutraceuticals with standard pharmacotherapies in bipolar disorder: a systematic review of clinical trials. Bipolar Disord 2011: 13: 454–465. © 2011 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objective:  Studies using augmentation of pharmacotherapies with nutraceuticals in bipolar disorder (BD) have been conducted and preliminary evidence in many cases appears positive. To date, however, no specialized systematic review of this area has been conducted. We present the first systematic review of clinical trials using nutrient‐based nutraceuticals in combination with standard pharmacotherapies to treat BD. A subsequent aim of this report was to discuss posited underlying mechanisms of action.Methods:  PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases, and grey literature were searched during mid‐2010 for human clinical trials in English using nutraceuticals such as omega‐3, N‐acetyl cysteine (NAC), inositol, and vitamins and minerals, in combination with pharmacotherapies to treat bipolar mania and bipolar depression. A review of the results including an effect size analysis (Cohen’s d) was subsequently conducted.Results:  In treating bipolar depression, positive evidence with large effect sizes were found for NAC (d = 1.04) and a chelated mineral and vitamin formula (d = 1.70). On the outcome of bipolar mania, several nutraceuticals reduced mania with strong clinical effects: a chelated mineral formula (d = 0.83), L‐tryptophan (d = 1.47), magnesium (d = 1.44), folic acid (d = 0.40), and branched‐chain amino acids (d = 1.60). Mixed, but mainly positive, evidence was found for omega‐3 for bipolar depression, while no evidentiary support was found for use in mania. No significant effect on BD outcome scales was found for inositol (possibly due to small samples).Conclusions:  BD treatment outcomes may potentially be improved by additional use of certain nutraceuticals with conventional pharmacotherapies. However, caution should be extended in interpreting the large effects of several isolated studies, as they have not yet been replicated in larger trials.
Pediatric bipolar spectrum disorder and ADHD: comparison and comorbidity in the LAMS clinical sample
Authors: Arnold L Eugene , Demeter Christine , Mount Katherine , Frazier Thomas W , Youngstrom Eric A , Fristad Mary , Birmaher Boris , Findling Robert L , Horwitz Sarah M , Kowatch Robert , Axelson David A 
Published: October 2011

Arnold LE, Demeter C, Mount K, Frazier TW, Youngstrom EA, Fristad M, Birmaher B, Findling RL, Horwitz SM, Kowatch R, Axelson DA. Pediatric bipolar spectrum disorder and ADHD: comparison and comorbidity in the LAMS clinical sample. Bipolar Disord 2011: 13: 509–521. © 2011 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objective:  To compare attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), bipolar spectrum disorders (BPSDs), and comorbidity in the Longitudinal Assessment of Manic Symptoms (LAMS) study.Methods:  Children ages 6–12 were recruited at first visit to clinics associated with four universities. A BPSD diagnosis required that the patient exhibit episodes. Four hypotheses were tested: (i) children with BPSD + ADHD would have a younger age of mood symptom onset than those with BPSD but no ADHD; (ii) children with BPSD + ADHD would have more severe ADHD and BPSD symptoms than those with only one disorder; (iii) global functioning would be more impaired in children with ADHD + BPSD than in children with either diagnosis alone; and (iv) the ADHD + BPSD group would have more additional diagnoses.Results:  Of 707 children, 421 had ADHD alone, 45 had BPSD alone, 117 had both ADHD and BPSD, and 124 had neither. Comorbidity (16.5%) was slightly less than expected by chance (17.5%). Age of mood symptom onset was not different between the BPSD + ADHD group and the BPSD‐alone group. Symptom severity increased and global functioning decreased with comorbidity. Comorbidity with other disorders was highest for the ADHD + BPSD group, but higher for the ADHD‐alone than the BPSD‐alone group. Children with BPSD were four times as likely to be hospitalized (22%) as children with ADHD alone.Conclusions:  The high rate of BPSD in ADHD reported by some authors may be better explained as a high rate of both disorders in child outpatient settings rather than ADHD being a risk factor for BPSD. Co‐occurrence of the two disorders is associated with poorer global functioning, greater symptom severity, and more additional comorbidity than for either single disorder.