bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Figure of the Staggering Rat: Reading Colonial Outbreak Narratives Against the Grain of “Virus Hunting”
Authors: Lynteris Christos 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The image of dazed, plague-infected rats coming out of their nests and performing a pirouette in front of the surprised eyes of humans before dying is one well-known to us through Albert Camus’s The Plague (1947). This article examines the historical roots of this image and its emergence in French missionary narratives about plague outbreaks in the Chinese province of Yunnan in the 1870s on the eve of the Third Plague Pandemic. Showing that accounts of the “staggering rat” were not meant as naturalist observations of a zoonotic disease, as is generally assumed by historians, but as a cosmological, end-of-the-world narrative with a colonial agenda, the article argues for an approach to historical accounts of epidemics that does not succumb to the current trend of “virus hunting” in the archive, but rather takes colonial outbreak narratives ethnographically seriously.
Preference for hibernacula microclimates varies among 3 bat species susceptible to white-nose syndrome
Authors: Johnson Levi E , Johnson Joseph S 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
North American bat populations have experienced precipitous declines since the introduction of white-nose syndrome (WNS). Evidence that bats have responded to WNS by altering their winter habitat selection has been used to manipulate underground environments and improve winter survival. However, such management practices must be based on local data, which do not exist for all regions. Our goal was to identify determinants of winter habitat use for 3 bat species with varying susceptibility to WNS. To do so, we conducted 188 surveys of 129 potential hibernacula over 3 winters. We found that the range of winter temperatures and presence of water were important for the Little Brown Myotis (Myotis lucifugus) and Tricolored Bat (Perimyotis subflavus), species that are highly susceptible to WNS. Counts of both species were greater in sites with a narrow (&lt;5 °C) temperature range and where streams or water bodies &gt;25 m2 were present. In addition, we found larger groups of Little Brown Myotis in abandoned railroad tunnels than in caves. Winter counts of these species increased over time at 3 railroad tunnels that were surveyed for 3 consecutive winters, whereas populations were extirpated from historically important caves and mines. Counts of Big Brown Bats (Eptesicus fuscus), which are less susceptible to WNS, were also greater in hibernacula with water bodies. However, average winter temperature also helped predict counts of Big Brown Bats. This species had a curvilinear response to temperature, with most bats found at hibernacula with average winter temperatures of 4 to 6 °C, and fewer bats observed at warmer and colder conditions. These data show that focusing solely on historically important hibernacula may fail to achieve conservation goals for the Little Brown Myotis and Tricolored Bat in our region, and suggest that anthropogenic structures can provide habitat for remnant populations of imperiled bat species.
Model-assisted sensitivity analysis for treatment effects under unmeasured confounding via regularized calibrated estimation
Authors: Tan Zhiqiang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Consider sensitivity analysis for estimating average treatment effects under unmeasured confounding, assumed to satisfy a marginal sensitivity model. At the population level, we provide new representations for the sharp population bounds and doubly robust estimating functions. We also derive new, relaxed population bounds, depending on weighted linear outcome quantile regression. At the sample level, we develop new methods and theory for obtaining not only doubly robust point estimators for the relaxed population bounds with respect to misspecification of a propensity score model or an outcome mean regression model, but also model-assisted confidence intervals which are valid if the propensity score model is correctly specified, but the outcome quantile and mean regression models may be misspecified. The relaxed population bounds reduce to the sharp bounds if outcome quantile regression is correctly specified. For a linear outcome mean regression model, the confidence intervals are also doubly robust. Our methods involve regularized calibrated estimation, with Lasso penalties but carefully chosen loss functions, for fitting propensity score and outcome mean and quantile regression models. We present a simulation study and an empirical application to an observational study on the effects of right-heart catheterization. The proposed method is implemented in the R package RCALsa.
Wide en-bloc thymectomy and venous axis reconstruction in Masaoka stage IIIB thymoma: a case report and literature review
Authors: Nahas Mohamad A , Samha Raghad , Shbat Mohamad , Ghaddar Sawsane A , Jobran Afnan W M , Msheik Layal , Al nahhas Zaher , Chaban Hussain 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Thymomas are rare tumors originating from thymic tissue and rarely metastasize. They can be diagnosed either incidentally or symptomatically when compressing or invading nearby structure. A 36-year-old man presented with significant high-grade fever, chest pain that worsens upon lying down, and dyspnea. A chest X-Ray and computed tomography followed by biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of thymoma. The management included chemotherapy cycles, followed by surgery. Pericardiectomy was performed with en-bloc thymectomy and partial resection of the infiltrating lung. Venous drainage was restored by 8/16 mm inverted bifurcated brachiocephalic-superior vena cava Dacron bypass. The pericardium was reconstructed by a synthetic Dacron patch, and the right diaphragm metastasis was resected. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was initiated. After 3 months of follow-up, no recurrence was evidenced by computed tomography.
Early-onset severe ovarian endometriosis in adolescents with completely obstructed Müllerian anomalies accompanied by ipsilateral renal agenesis: two case reports
Authors: Yu Bo Ram , Chae Hee-Suk , Rheu Chul-Hee 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Endometriosis is known to occur frequently in adolescents with obstructed Müllerian anomalies. Our cases emphasize that endometriosis can rapidly progress to a severe stage in obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal anomaly syndrome, one of the completely obstructed Müllerian anomalies. The first patient was a 14-year-old girl who complained of cyclic abdominal pain. Imaging revealed a uterine didelphys with unilateral hematocolpos and a left adnexal endometrioma. The second, an 11-year-old girl, visited the hospital complaining of cyclic abdominal pain, had a unicornuate uterus with a functioning horn and left adnexal endometrioma. Also, both patients had unilateral renal agenesis. The surgery in both cases revealed Stage IV endometriosis. Adjuvant hormone therapy was administered for 1 year, and there was no recurrence until 3 years after surgery. We emphasize that patients diagnosed with renal agenesis should be screened to check for gynecological anomalies when menstrual cramps occur after menarche.
Postprocessing Workflow for Laboratory Diffraction Contrast Tomography: A Case Study on Chromite Geomaterials
Authors: Chen Xiao , Godel Belinda , Verrall Michael 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTexture stands as a fundamental descriptor in the realms of geology and earth and planetary science. Beyond offering insights into the geological processes underlying mineral formation, its characterization plays a pivotal role in advancing engineering applications, notably in mining, mineral processing, and metal extraction, by providing quantitative data for predictive modeling. Laboratory diffraction contrast tomography (LabDCT), a recently developed 3D characterization technique, offers nondestructive measurement of grain phases including their morphology, distribution, and crystal orientation. It has recently shown its potential to assess 3D textures in complex natural rock samples. This study looks at improving on previous work by examining the artifacts and presents a novel postprocessing workflow designed to correct them. The workflow is developed to rectify inaccurate grain boundaries and interpolate partially reconstructed grains to provide more accurate results and is illustrated using multi-scan examples on chromite sands and natural chromitite from the Upper Group 2 Reef layer in South Africa. The postcorrected LabDCT results were validated through qualitative and quantitative assessment using 2D electron back-scattered diffraction on polished sample surfaces. The successful implementation of this postprocessing workflow underscores its substantial potential in achieving precise textural characterization and will provide valuable insights for both earth science and engineering applications.
Quenching massive galaxies across cosmic time with the semi-analytic model shark v2.0
Authors: Lagos Claudia del P , Bravo Matías , Tobar Rodrigo , Obreschkow Danail , Power Chris , Robotham Aaron S G , Proctor Katy L , Hansen Samuel , Chandro-Gómez Ángel , Carrivick Julian 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
We introduce version 2.0 of the shark semi-analytic model of galaxy formation after many improvements to the physics included. The most significant being (i) a model describing the exchange of angular momentum (AM) between the interstellar medium and stars; (ii) a new active galactic nuclei feedback model which has two modes, a wind and a jet mode, with the jet mode tied to the jet energy production; (iii) a model tracking the development of black hole (BH) spins; (iv) more sophisticated modelling of environmental effects on satellite galaxies; and (v) automatic parameter exploration using Particle Swarm Optimization. We focus on two timely research topics: the structural properties of galaxies and the quenching of massive galaxies. For the former, sharkv2.0 is capable of producing a more realistic stellar size–mass relation with a plateau marking the transition from disc- to bulge-dominated galaxies, and scaling relations between specific AM and mass that agree well with observations. For the quenching of massive galaxies, sharkv2.0 produces massive galaxies that are more quenched than the previous version, reproducing well the observed relations between star formation rate (SFR) and stellar mass, and specific SFR and BH mass at z = 0. shark v2.0 produces a number density of massive-quiescent galaxies &gt;1 dex higher than the previous version, in good agreement with JWST observations at z ≤ 5; predicts a stellar mass function of passive galaxies in reasonably good agreement with observations at 0.5 &lt; z &lt; 5; and environmental quenching to already be effective at z = 5.
Decretion disc size in Be/X-ray binaries depends upon the disc aspect ratio
Authors: Martin Rebecca G , Lubow Stephen H , Armitage Philip J , Price Daniel J 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
With three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations we show that the size of the decretion disc and the structure of the accretion flow on to the neutron star in a Be/X-ray binary strongly depends upon the disc aspect ratio, H/R. We simulate a Be star disc that is coplanar to the orbit of a circularly or moderately eccentric neutron star companion, thereby maximizing the effects of tidal truncation. For low-disc aspect ratio, H/R ≲ 0.1, the disc is efficiently tidally truncated by the neutron star. Most material that escapes the Roche lobe of the Be star is accreted by the neutron star through tidal streams. For larger disc aspect ratio, the outflow rate through the Be star disc is higher, tidal truncation becomes inefficient, the disc fills the Roche lobe and extends to the orbit of the companion. Some material escapes the binary as a gas stream that begins near the L2 point. While the accretion rate on to the neutron star is higher, the fraction of the outflow that is accreted by the neutron star is smaller. Low-density Be star discs are expected to be approximately isothermal, such that H/R increases with radius. Tidal truncation is therefore weaker for larger separation binaries, and lower mass primaries.
The recent star formation histories of nearby galaxies on resolved scales
Authors: Lomaeva Maria , Saintonge Amélie , De Looze Ilse 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Star formation histories (SFHs) of galaxies are affected by a variety of factors, both external (field versus cluster/group) and internal [presence of a bar and active galactic nucleus (AGN), morphological type]. In this work, we extend our previous study and apply the $\langle \mathrm{SFR}_{\textnormal {5}} \rangle \big / \langle \mathrm{SFR}_{\textnormal {200}} \rangle$ metric to a sample of 11 nearby galaxies with Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer observations. Based on a combination of H α and ultraviolet photometry, $\langle \mathrm{SFR}_{\textnormal {5}} \rangle \big / \langle \mathrm{SFR}_{\textnormal {200}} \rangle$ is sensitive to star formation time-scales of ∼5–200 Myr and therefore measures the present-day rate of change in the star formation rate (SFR), dSFR/dt. Within this limited galaxy sample, we do not observe systematic variations between the global value of $\langle \mathrm{SFR}_{\textnormal {5}} \rangle \big / \langle \mathrm{SFR}_{\textnormal {200}} \rangle$ and the presence of an AGN, stellar bar, or group or cluster membership. Within some of the individual galaxies, we, however, observe significant differences in $\langle \mathrm{SFR}_{\textnormal {5}} \rangle \big / \langle \mathrm{SFR}_{\textnormal {200}} \rangle$ between the arm and interarm regions. In half of the galaxies, the recent SFH of both arm and interarm regions has been very similar. However, in the galaxies with higher bulge-to-total light ratios and earlier morphological type, the SFR is declining more rapidly in the interarm regions. This decline in SFR is not a result of low molecular gas surface density or a decrease in the star formation efficiency, implying that other factors are responsible for this SFR decrease.
The Thousand-Pulsar-Array programme on MeerKAT – XIV. On the high linearly polarized pulsar signals
Authors: Johnston Simon , Mitra Dipanjan , Keith Michael J , Oswald Lucy S , Karastergiou Aris 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
The S-shaped swing of the linear polarization position angle (PPA) observed in many pulsars can be interpreted by the rotating vector model (RVM). However, efforts to fit the RVM for a large sample of pulsars observed with the MeerKAT telescope as a part of the Thousand-Pulsar-Array (TPA) programme, only succeeded for about half the cases. High time-resolution studies suggest that the failed cases arise due to the presence of orthogonal polarization modes, or highly disordered distribution of PPA points. One such example is PSR J1645−0317. Recently it has been shown that the RVM can be recovered in this pulsar by using only time samples which are greater than 80 per cent linearly polarized. In this work, we test this novel approach on the brightest 249 pulsars from the TPA sample, of which 177 yield sufficient highly polarized samples to be amenable to our method. Remarkably, only nine of these pulsars (5 per cent) now fail to fit the RVM as opposed to 59 per cent from the original analysis. This result favours the paradigm that the underlying mechanism is coherent curvature radiation.
The relationship between the turnover frequency and photo-ionization in radio sources
Authors: Curran S J 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
We investigate the connection between the turnover frequency in the radio spectrum, νTO, and the rate of ionizing ultraviolet photons, $Q_{\rm {H{\small I}}}$, in extragalactic sources. From a large, optically selected sample, we find νTO to be correlated with $Q_{\rm {H\,{\small I}}}$ in sources that exhibit a turnover. The significance of the correlation decreases when we include power-law radio sources as limits, by assuming that the turnover frequency occurs below the lowest value observed. However, the power-law fit sources are less well sampled across the band and so these may just be contributing noise to the data. Given that the observed νTO–$Q_{\rm {H{\small I}}}$ correlation is purely empirical, we use the ionizing photon rate to obtain the electron density in a free–free absorption model. For each of the constant, exponential, constant plus exponential (Milky Way), and spherical models of the gas distribution, there is also an increase in the turnover frequency with ionizing photon rate. Furthermore, for a given gas mass, we find that the turnover frequency is anticorrelated with the scale-factor of the gas density. While other mechanisms, such as ageing electrons or synchrotron self-absorption, may be required to reproduce the spectral indices, for an exponential scale-factor similar to the linear size, this simple free–free absorption model reproduces the turnover-size correlation seen in radio sources.
Saturation level of ion Weibel instability and isotropization length-scale in electron–ion Weibel-mediated shocks
Authors: Jikei Taiki , Amano Takanobu 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Ion Weibel instability is considered to be the dominant physics for the dissipation in high-Mach number astrophysical shocks such as supernova remnant shocks and gamma-ray burst shocks. We study the instability dependence on various parameters using theory and particle-in-cell simulations. We demonstrate that electron physics determines the saturation level of the Weibel-generated magnetic field, even though the instability is driven by the ions. We discuss the application to astrophysical and laboratory laser experiment environments to clarify the roles of the ion Weibel instability. We develop a model for the isotropization length-scale in Weibel-mediated shocks and compare its value to other characteristic length-scales of each system. We find that electron heating to near equipartition is crucial for the formation of ultrarelativistic Weibel-mediated shocks. On the other hand, our results imply that non-relativistic shocks in the typical interstellar medium are not purely mediated by the Weibel instability.
Characterizing ultra-high-redshift dark matter halo demographics and assembly histories with the gureft simulations
Authors: Yung L Y Aaron , Somerville Rachel S , Nguyen Tri , Behroozi Peter , Modi Chirag , Gardner Jonathan P 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Dark matter halo demographics and assembly histories are a manifestation of cosmological structure formation and have profound implications for the formation and evolution of galaxies. In particular, merger trees provide fundamental input for several modelling techniques, such as semi-analytic models (SAMs), sub-halo abundance matching (SHAM), and decorated halo occupation distribution models. Motivated by the new ultra-high-redshift (z ≳ 10) frontier enabled by JWST, we present a new suite of Gadget at Ultrahigh Redshift with Extra-Fine Timesteps (gureft) dark matter-only cosmological simulations that are carefully designed to capture halo merger histories and structural properties in the ultra-z universe. The simulation suite consists of four 10243-particle simulations with box sizes of 5, 15, 35, and 90 Mpc h−1, each with 170 snapshots stored between 40 ≥ z ≥ 6. With the unprecedented number of available snapshots and strategically chosen dynamic range covered by these boxes, gureft uncovers the emerging dark matter halo populations and their assembly histories in the earliest epochs of cosmic history. In this work, we present the halo mass functions (HMF) between z ∼ 20 and 6 down to log (Mvir/M⊙) ∼ 5, and show that at high redshift, these robust HMFs can differ substantially from commonly used analytic approximations or older fitting functions in the literature. We also present key physical properties of the ultra-high z halo population, such as concentration and spin, as well as their mass growth and merger rates, and again provide updated fitting functions.
Inflow and outflow properties, not total gas fractions, drive the evolution of the mass–metallicity relation
Authors: Bassini Luigi , Feldmann Robert , Gensior Jindra , Faucher-Giguère Claude-André , Cenci Elia , Moreno Jorge , Bernardini Mauro , Liang Lichen 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Observations show a tight correlation between the stellar mass of galaxies and their gas-phase metallicity (MZR). This relation evolves with redshift, with higher redshift galaxies being characterized by lower metallicities. Understanding the physical origin of the slope and redshift evolution of the MZR may provide important insight into the physical processes underpinning it: star formation, feedback, and cosmological inflows. While theoretical models ascribe the shape of the MZR to the lower efficiency of galactic outflows in more massive galaxies, what drives its evolution remains an open question. In this letter, we analyse how the MZR evolves over z = 0–3, combining results from the FIREbox cosmological volume simulation with analytical models. Contrary to a frequent assertion in the literature, we find that the evolution of the gas fraction does not contribute significantly to the redshift evolution of the MZR. Instead, we show that the latter is driven by the redshift dependence of the inflow metallicity, outflow metallicity, and mass loading factor, whose relative importance depends on stellar mass. These findings also suggest that the evolution of the MZR is not explained by galaxies moving along a fixed surface in the space spanned by stellar mass, gas-phase metallicity, and star formation rate.
Kidney Doppler ultrasonography in critical care nephrology
Authors: Corradi Francesco , Bell Max , De Rosa Silvia 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Color pulsed-wave Doppler ultrasound (CPWD-US) emerges as a pivotal tool in intensive care units (ICUs) for diagnosing acute kidney injury (AKI) swiftly and non-invasively. Its bedside accessibility allows for rapid assessments, making it a primary imaging modality for AKI characterization. Furthermore, CPWD-US serves as a guiding instrument for key diagnostic-interventional procedures such as renal needle biopsy and percutaneous nephrostomy, while also facilitating therapy response monitoring and AKI progression tracking. This review shifts focus towards the integration of renal ultrasound into ICU workflows, offering contemporary insights into its utilization through a diagnostic standard–oriented approach. By presenting a flow chart, this review aims to provide practical guidance on the appropriate use of point-of-care ultrasound in critical care scenarios, enhancing diagnostic precision, patient management and safety, albeit amidst a backdrop of limited evidence regarding long-term outcomes.