bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of vibration treatment on tibial bone of ovariectomized rats analyzed by in vivo micro‐CT
Authors: Brouwers Julienne E.M. , van Rietbergen Bert , Ito Keita , Huiskes Rik 
Published: July 2009

AbstractDaily low‐amplitude, high‐frequency whole‐body vibration (WBV) treatment can increase bone formation rates and bone volume in rodents. Its effects vary, however, with vibration characteristics and study design, and effects on 3D bone microstructure of ovariectomized animals over time have not been documented. Our goal was to determine the effects of WBV on tibial bone of ovariectomized, mature rats over time using an in vivo micro‐CT scanner. Adult rats were divided into: ovariectomy (OVX) (n = 8), SHAM‐OVX (n = 8), OVX and WBV treatment (n = 7). Eight weeks after OVX, rats in the vibration group were placed on a vibrating platform for 20 min at 0.3 g and 90 Hertz. This was done 5 days a week for six weeks, twice a day. Zero, 8, 10, 12 and 14 weeks after OVX, in vivo micro‐CT scans were made (vivaCT 40, Scanco Medical AG) of the proximal and diaphyseal tibia. After sacrifice, all tibiae were dissected and tested in three‐point bending. In the metaphysis between 8 to 12 weeks after OVX, WBV treatment did not alter structural parameters compared to the OVX group and both groups continued to show deterioration of bone structure. In the epiphysis, structural parameters were not altered. WBV also did not affect cortical bone and its bending properties. To summarize, no substantial effects of 6 weeks of low‐magnitude, high‐frequency vibration treatment on tibial bone microstructure and strength in ovariectomized rats were found. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:62–69, 2010
Synthetic polycation: Polynucleotide interactions determined using liquid chromatography with short monolithic columns
Authors: Platonova Galina A. , Nazarova Olga V. , Tennikova Tatiana B. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractLC on short monolithic columns (Convective Interaction Medium Disks) was applied to investigate several specially synthesized water soluble polycations of different charge type (primary, tertiary, quaternary amine), as well as a copolymer of neutral saccharide and cationic monomers, regarding their ability to form reversible complexes with DNA. For this purpose, two separation modes were used, namely, pseudo‐affinity and cation‐exchange chromatography. Synthetic polynucleotides, namely, polyriboadenylic acid (poly(rA)) and polyribocytidylic acid (poly(rC)), were used as approximate structural analogues of DNA. In first case, the hypothetical specific binding between dissolved polymers and polynucleotide (poly(rA) or poly(rC)), covalently attached to epoxy‐bearing monolithic sorbent, has been studied and compared to the results obtained using cation exchange chromatography. Quantitative parameters of interactions between macromolecules were established using frontal elution method.
Islamic tourism and managing tourism development in Islamic societies: the cases of Iran and Saudi Arabia
Authors: Zamani‐Farahani Hamira , Henderson Joan C. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the effects of state religion on tourism development in Muslim countries with particular reference to Iran and Saudi Arabia. Aspects of the relationship between Islam and tourism are investigated overall and issues of tourism policies, management and marketing and community involvement within the context of the two cases are discussed. The distinctive circumstances prevailing in Iran and Saudi Arabia are suggested, but more general insights are also presented into the interactions between and management of tourism and Islam. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches to the study of long‐term soil degradation: A case study from Schleswig‐Holstein, Germany
Authors: Emadodin I. , Reiss S. , Mitusov A. V. , Bork H. R. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractSoil degradation is a serious problem and an important environmental issue in many ecosystems. Without integrative, interdisciplinary and historical approaches, understanding the effects of long‐term soil degradation is difficult. According to this idea it is hypothesized that in order to study long‐term natural and human‐induced soil degradation, it is necessary to use interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches with respect to temporal and spatial landscape changes. The results of the investigation of colluvial sediments and soils in research area in Schleswig‐Holstein (Germany) with a high resolution in space and time—using the four‐dimensional landscape analysis—indicated the temporal and spatial variation of soils and sediments from the Mesolithic until Modern times. Intensive soil degradation occurred as a result of the land clearance and agricultural land use in the investigation areas since the Neolithic time. The general results of this investigation show that the use of an interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approach with pedological and geomorphological perspectives for different times and places can help to reconstruct the long‐term natural and human‐induced soil degradation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hyperbranched Polyamidoamines Containing β‐Cyclodextrin for Controlled Release of Chlorambucil
Authors: Zhou Yuanyuan , Guo Zhe , Zhang Yongwen , Huang Wei , Zhou Yongfeng , Yan Deyue 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis work is focused on the controlled drug release behavior of hyperbranched HPMA in the presence of β‐CD. Hence, three HPMA‐β‐CDs and a pure HPMA were synthesized by Michael addition polymerization. As a model drug, CLB (an anti‐cancer drug) was loaded into them via a solution method for in vitro release studies. The DSC results indicate that the CLB/polymer interactions are at the molecular level. Loading CLB into these polymers results in an evident increase in their glass transition temperatures, and ΔTg depends on the β‐CD content. The controlled‐release experiments show that the presence of β‐CD can appropriately slow the release of CLB from HPMA‐β‐CDs and adjust the ratio of CLB released in total drug loading.magnified image
Cationic Conjugated Polymer/Heparin Interpolyelectrolyte Complexes for Heparin Quantification
Authors: Shi Jianbing , Pu Kan‐Yi , Zhan Ruoyu , Liu Bin 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA cationic conjugated polymer (P1) containing 20 mol‐% 2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole (BT) content is synthesized through a post‐polymerization method. With a good water solubility (≈20 mg · mL−1), this polymer has shown a low inherent BT emission in aqueous solution. Formation of interpolyelectrolyte complexes between oppositely charged P1 and heparin facilitates energy transfer from the fluorene segments to the BT units within P1, leading to the intensity increase for the orange emission peak at 585 nm and the intensity decrease for the blue emission at 412 nm. A practical calibration curve ranging from 0.2 to 76 × 10−6 M is thus obtained by correlating the changes in BT emission with the heparin concentration in buffer. The significant advantage of this heparin macromolecular probe is that the calibration curve could cover the whole range of the therapeutic dosing level of heparin.magnified image
On the Interrelationship of Transreactions with Thermal Properties and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis of PTT/PEN Blends
Authors: Jafari Seyed‐Hassan , Khonakdar Hossein Ali , Asadinezhad Ahmad , Häußler Liane , Böhme Frank , Komber Hartmut 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAn attempt was made to explore the effects of interchange reactions on the crystallization, melting, and dynamic mechanical behavior of binary blends based on poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT)/poly(ethylene 2,6‐naphthalate) (PEN). 1H NMR spectroscopy is used to verify the occurrence of interchange reactions at the interface, which are increased upon an increase in the melt processing time and temperature. The crystallinity of PTT was reduced while that of PEN was increased on blending. In addition, the crystallization temperatures of both phases showed depression. A single composition‐dependent glass transition temperature (Tg) was detected in the second and subsequent heating thermograms of the blends, which is indicative of miscibility. The cold crystallization of the PTT phase was observed to increase while that of PEN was suppressed on blending. Each phase crystallized individually and a melting point depression was evident, which suggests a certain level of miscibility. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis corroborated differential scanning calorimetry results. A constructive synergism was observed in the glassy state storage moduli of the blends, which is suggestive of a reduced specific volume of the system because of enhanced interactions and crystallinity.magnified image
Metathesis with Oleochemicals: New Approaches for the Utilization of Plant Oils as Renewable Resources in Polymer Science
Authors: Meier Michael A. R. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractDue to depleting fossil resources, the ever increasing emission of greenhouse gases and toxic waste, as well as the inefficient utilization of our available resources, we have to implement the principles of green chemistry whenever and wherever possible. Plant oils are already the most important renewable resource for the chemical industry. Due to their inherent double‐bond functionality, they offer the possibility of being transformed via several very efficient catalytic processes. Especially, new developments in olefin metathesis allow the chemist to directly polymerize or introduce a variety of functional groups to these renewable resources in an efficient manner. Therefore, olefin metathesis with plant‐oil‐derived fatty acids and their derivatives can contribute to a sustainable development of our future, since this approach has great potential for the substitution of currently used petrochemicals and a variety of value‐added chemical intermediates, especially for the polymer industry, can be derived from these resources in a straightforward fashion. This contribution will address and discuss the most recent developments in this field of research.magnified image
Dynamic Monte Carlo Simulation of ATRP in a Batch Reactor
Authors: Al‐Harthi Mamdouh A. , Masihullah Jabarullah K. , Abbasi Sarfraz H. , Soares João B. P. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA dynamic MC model was developed to simulate the polymerization kinetics and the detailed microstructure of copolymers made with ATRP in a batch reactor. The model was used to predict monomer conversion, average molecular weight, polydispersity index, and copolymer composition as a function of polymerization time. The model can also predict the distribution of molecular weight, chemical composition, and comonomer sequence length at any polymerization time or comonomer conversion. The simulation was used to explore the effects of rate constants and reactant stoichiometry on the microstructure of chains. Two copolymerization systems were chosen to demonstrate the effect of reactivity ratios and comonomer feed compositions on the final chemical composition distribution.magnified image
PI3K signaling maintains c‐myc expression to regulate transcription of E2F1 in pancreatic cancer cells
Authors: Schild Carolin , Wirth Matthias , Reichert Maximilian , Schmid Roland M. , Saur Dieter , Schneider Günter 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPhosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K) signaling controls survival and proliferation of cancer cells and is activated in around 60% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs). Although not entirely clarified, PI3K signaling is linked to cell cycle progression of PDAC cells. In this study we demonstrate that PI3K signaling controls transcription of the E2F1 gene and show that E2F1 is essential for S‐phase progression of PDAC cells. On the molecular level, PI3K signaling controls c‐myc protein abundance in a glycogen synthase kinase‐3 (GSK3)‐dependent fashion. c‐myc binds to the E‐box of the E2F1 gene in PDAC cells and this binding is under control of the PI3K‐signaling pathway. Together, we demonstrate that PI3K–GSK3‐dependent control of c‐myc protein expression is connected to the transcription of the E2F1 gene in PDAC cells, leading to S‐phase progression of the cell cycle. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of food processing on food allergens
Authors: Sathe Shridhar K. , Sharma Girdhari M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractFood allergies are on the rise in Western countries. With the food allergen labeling requirements in the US and EU, there is an interest in learning how food processing affects food allergens. Numerous foods are processed in different ways at home, in institutional settings, and in industry. Depending on the processing method and the food, partial or complete removal of the offending allergen may be possible as illustrated by reduction of peanut allergen in vitro IgE immunoreactivity upon soaking and blanching treatments. When the allergen is discretely located in a food, one may physically separate and remove it from the food. For example, lye peeling has been reported to produce hypoallergenic peach nectar. Protein denaturation and/or hydrolysis during food processing can be used to produce hypoallergenic products. This paper provides a short overview of basic principles of food processing followed by examples of their effects on food allergen stability. Reviewed literature suggests assessment of processing effects on clinically relevant reactivity of food allergens is warranted.
Quantum chemistry investigation of electronic structure and NMR spectral characteristics for fluorides of dialkylamidosulfoxylic acids and related compounds
Authors: Rozhenko A. B. , Schoeller W. W. , Kozel V. N. , Pashinnik V. E. , Shermolovich Yu. G. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe parent (H2NSF) and N,N‐dialkyl‐substituted fluorides of amidosulfoxylic acid (R2NSF, RMe or R2NMorph) as well as the related compounds XSF (XCH3, OH, F, SiH3, PH2, SH, Cl) have been investigated with quantum chemical calculations at the ab initio (MP2) level of approximation. The geometries, electronic structures, molecular orbital (MO) energies and NMR chemical shift values have been calculated to evaluate the role and extent of the polarization and delocalization effects in forming of the high‐field fluorine NMR resonances within the series of interest. The δF magnitudes for all investigated fluorides of amidosulfoxylic acid as well as the δN value calculated for Me2NSF are in the good agreement with the 19F and 14N NMR chemical shift values measured experimentally. For the parent compounds, H2NSF and H2NSO2F, the orientation of principal axes of the magnetic shielding tensors and the corresponding principal σii values along these axes have been qualitatively interpreted basing on the analysis of the MO interactions in the presence of the rotating magnetic field. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Composites of poly (dimethylsiloxane) and spherically shaped poly (2‐hydroxyethylmethacrylate) particles for biomedical use
Authors: Tang Qi , Yu Jun‐Rong , Chen Lei , Zhu Jing , Hu Zu‐Ming 
Published: July 2009

AbstractSilicone rubbers have shown considerable promise in the biomedical field, but their hydrophobicity leads to serious problems in long‐term implants. In our study, composites of poly (dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and spherically shaped poly (2‐hydroxyethylmethacrylate) (PHEMA) microparticles were prepared. Unlike previous silicone hydrogel composites, suspension polymerization was carried out in an aqueous medium to prepare PHEMA particles directly, which avoided the removal of organic phase and give hydrogel particles with high purity. Very fine PHEMA particles with uniform geometry and small size were obtained through various influencing factors during their formation. Through the introduction of PHEMA particles, PDMS matrix was endowed with hydrophilicity to a certain extent. With an increase in hydrogel content, higher swelling ability and surface wettability of the composites were observed. We have also demonstrated that smaller sized particles are more favorable for hydrophilicity improvement. The results of improved swelling ability, surface wettability, and low affinity to lipid show that this composite material is suitable for biomedical use. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tid1 functions as a tumour suppressor in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Chen Chi‐Yuan , Chiou Shih‐Hwa , Huang Chih‐Yang , Jan Chia‐Ing , Lin Shu‐Chun , Hu Wen‐Yuan , Chou Shiu‐Huey , Liu Chung‐Ji , Lo Jeng‐Fan 
Published: July 2009

AbstractHuman tumourous imaginal disc (Tid1), a human homologue of the Drosophila tumour suppressor protein Tid56, is involved in multiple intracellular signalling pathways such as apoptosis, cell proliferation, and cell survival. Here, we investigated the anti‐tumourigenic activity of Tid1 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in vitro and in vivo. Firstly, the clinical association between Tid1 expression and progression of HNSCC was explored. It was found that expression of Tid1 was negatively associated with tumour status, recurrence, and survival prognosis using immunohistochemical analysis of primary HNSCC patient tumour tissue. Secondly, ectopic expression of Tid1 in HNSCC cells was shown to significantly inhibit cell proliferation, migration, invasion, anchorage‐independent growth, and xenotransplantation tumourigenicity. Thirdly, we showed that overexpression of Tid1 attenuated EGFR activity and blocked the activation of AKT in HNSCC cells, which are known to be involved in the regulation of survival in HNSCC cells. On the other hand, ectopic expression of constitutively active AKT greatly reduced apoptosis induced by Tid1 overexpression. Together, these findings suggest that Tid1 functions as a tumour suppressor in HNSCC tumourigenesis. Copyright © 2009 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal diagnosis of right aortic arch: associated findings, pregnancy outcome, and clinical significance of vascular rings
Authors: Galindo A. , Nieto O. , Nieto M. T. , Rodríguez‐Martín M. O. , Herraiz I. , Escribano D. , Granados M. A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjectivesTo analyze the characteristics and clinical implications of right aortic arch (RAA) detected in fetal life.MethodsRetrospective study of all cases of RAA diagnosed prenatally in high‐risk patients who underwent fetal echocardiography between 2000 and 2007.ResultsThere were 48 RAA; 18 had vascular ring (Group 1), including 15 RAA with aberrant left subclavian artery and 3 double aortic arch, and 30 had not vascular ring (Group 2), all RAA with mirror‐image branching. The prenatal diagnosis was confirmed in 94%. In Group 1 most fetuses had normal heart (89%), and none had 22q11 deletion. There were 16 live births and all infants but one are asymptomatic (mean follow‐up of 31 months). In Group 2 almost all fetuses had congenital heart defects (CHDs) (97%), and five were chromosomally abnormal (17%), including four 22q11 deleted. The 1‐year survival rate was 69%, which was significantly higher in Group 1 (89% vs 57%, p < 0.05).ConclusionsRAA can be accurately diagnosed by fetal echocardiography. The outlook for these patients largely depends on the presence of associated defects, mainly CHDs, and their severity. If isolated, aortic arch anomalies are asymptomatic vascular variants in most cases. This information is important to assist parental counseling in pregnancy. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The clinical significance of co‐morbid post‐traumatic stress disorder and borderline personality disorder: Case study and literature review
Authors: Vignarajah Biruthvie , Links Paul S. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to determine the clinical significance of co‐morbid borderline personality disorder (BPD) and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and the effect of this co‐morbidity on suicidal behaviour and response to treatment. Review of the evidence from past studies revealed that, although an additional diagnosis of PTSD did not exacerbate the BPD condition (or vice versa), certain symptoms were accentuated. These symptoms included anger, anxiety and avoidant behaviours as well as suicide proneness. The case analysed for the purposes of this study also highlights these findings from the literature review (i.e. certain symptoms of both PTSD and BPD were exacerbated in the patient, but there was no increase in overall psychopathology). The literature review further shows that despite promising results of alleviation of certain BPD features when treating for PTSD, treatment of such a co‐morbid condition must proceed with caution as treatment of PTSD without treatment of BPD and the related suicidal behaviour may be detrimental to the patient. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
First degree relatives of women with breast cancer: who's providing information and support and who'd they prefer
Authors: Tunin Rina , Uziely Beatrice , Woloski‐Wruble Anna C. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIntroduction: Mothers, sisters, and daughters of women diagnosed with breast cancer have an increased need for factual information, counseling, and emotional support. The purpose of this exploratory, descriptive study was to identify the information and support needs of Israeli women with a family history of breast cancer; discover whether these needs have been met, by whom, and who is the preferred source for them.Methods: 128 healthy Israeli women, aged 18–65, with a first degree relative with breast cancer completed the adapted Information and Support Needs Questionnaire (ISNQ).Results: Information needs were ranked above support needs, especially information about disease prevention. The degree to which the needs were met was generally ranked as low, with response to the information needs ranking higher than the response to the support needs. The doctor was the prime source of choice for the information and support needs.Conclusion: This study contributes to the understanding of the needs of patients' families, provides a framework for the improvement of methods of communication, and a basis for constructing information and support systems. In addition, it highlights the need for a multidisciplinary, proactive approach in health promotion for cancer patients' families. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulation of the Substrate Temperature Field for Plasma Assisted Chemical Etching
Authors: Meister Johannes , Böhm Georg , Eichentopf Inga‐Maria , Arnold Thomas 
Published: July 2009

AbstractSurface figuring using reactive plasma jet machining is a promising technology for the manufacture of optical elements. Due to the pure chemical etching mechanism the material removal rate during plasma jet treatment strongly depends on the workpiece surface temperature, which is influenced by the jet heat flux. This paper presents the basis for an enhanced process simulation by introducing a transient heat transfer model including a moving heat source. A comprehensive method of determination for corresponding model parameters has been developed. It is based on temperature measurements during a well defined etching experiment. The model is able to predict the workpiece surface temperature distribution at any given time.
Electric Characterization and Selective Etching of Aluminum Oxide
Authors: Firek Piotr , Szmidt Jan , Nowakowska‐Langier Katarzyna , Zdunek Krzysztof 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis work presents results of investigations of Al2O3 thin films, deposited on Si substrates by means of impulse plasma deposition (IPD). Round, aluminum (Al) electrodes were evaporated on the top of deposited layers. Thus, metal‐insulator‐semiconductor (MIS) structures were created with aluminum oxide thin films playing the role of the insulator. It enabled subsequent electrical of studied material. Al2O3 layers were selective etched in a buffer of hydrofluoric acid. The photoresist was used as a masking material. The influence of etching time on the photoresist mask, etching progress, and the state of exposed Si surface was subsequently studied and is discussed. Films' microstructure were additionally studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).