bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a pseudotype-based neutralization test for SARS-COV-2 antibody measurement
Authors:   , Charsangbong Kunlanan 
Published: May 2024

The gold standard for measuring anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody is a live-virus neutralization test (VNT). However, VNT is rather complex and must be performed in a biosafety level 3 facility. Therefore, a gene-encoding spike protein of the original SARS-CoV-2 variant was designed to develop a lentivirus-based SARS-CoV-2 pseudotype in this study to replace the live virus, which can be conducted in a biosafety level 2 facility. The 2nd generation lentiviral pseudotype with green fluorescent protein (GFP) and the 3rd generation lentiviral pseudotype with luciferase as a reporter system, respectively, provided a sufficient titer (TCID50/mL) for a neutralization test. However, the 3rd generation lentivirus with luciferase reporter system was inconsistent, with high variability. Therefore, the 2nd generation lentiviral pseudotype with GFP was selected and developed further into a pseudotype neutralization test (PVNT). When tested against 128 serum samples from the ChulaCoV-19 trial, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of this test were 98.91% and 100%, respectively, in comparison with the VNT. Standard serum samples with known titers were tested to convert the PVNT50 titer into international units (IU/mL) and compared with the standard VNT method. A moderate level of agreement was observed between the 2 tests, with a correlation coefficient of 0.740 (p-value
Estrategia Educativa sobre el Riesgo Preconcepcional en Población Femenina en Edad Fértil. Ecuador
Authors: Ortega Liquinchano Dayelli Elizabeth , Macías Ferreiro Karina 
Published: May 2024

La Salud Sexual y Reproductiva (SSR) se encuentra afectada por varios factores de riesgos, en sus diferentes etapas. En donde la prevención de estos, durante el proceso de reproducción es fundamental para lograr un buen el desarrollo en la salud reproductiva. Los métodos para prevenir el riesgo reproductivo deben empezar antes de la concepción. Pretende contribuir mediante la aplicación de una intervención educativa sobre el riesgo preconcepcional a elevar el nivel de conocimientos y la percepción de riesgo en mujeres en edad fértil de la Parroquia San Andrés del cantón Píllaro. Se realizó un estudio longitudinal-prospectivo, descriptivo, cuasi experimental, de acción participación (intervención educativa) tipo antes-después sobre riesgo preconcepcional (RPC) en mujeres en edad fértil. La técnica utilizada fue la encuesta, y el instrumento fue un cuestionario. En la muestra estudiada se constató que en relación con los riesgos bilógicos las edades extremas fueron las más prevalentes, siendo la adolescencia la de mayor incidencia (edad menor o igual a 15 años con un 37.8% y las mujeres añosas (edad mayor a 45 años) con un 35,1%. En cuanto a los riesgos socioculturales se encuentran el bajo nivel de escolaridad con un 56.7% y la multiparidad representando a los riesgos obstétricos con un 33.7% y el bajo peso al nacer 27%. El conocimiento de las participantes del estudio mejoró satisfactoriamente, lo que indica la efectividad de la intervención educativa. Los resultados más importantes se logran definiendo los tipos de riesgo, los conceptos y las acciones a tomar.
(Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)Iridium Dichloride Dimer {[IrCp*Cl2]2}: A Novel Efficient Catalyst for the Cycloisomerizations of Homopropargylic Diols and N‐Tethered Enynes
Authors: Benedetti Erica , Simonneau Antoine , Hours Alexandra , Amouri Hani , Penoni Andrea , Palmisano Giovanni , Malacria Max , Goddard Jean‐Philippe , Fensterbank Louis 
Published: August 2011

Abstract(Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)iridium dichloride dimer {[IrCp*Cl2]2}‐catalyzed hydroalkoxylation of bis‐homopropargylic alcohols provides an efficient access to dioxabicyclo[2.2.1]ketals. The cycloisomerizations proceed under mild conditions, with low catalytic loadings and short reaction times. This new protocol involving an Ir(III) catalyst also promoted the cycloisomerization of nitrogen‐tethered 1,6‐enynes to give azabicyclo[4.1.0]heptenes, enhancing the synthetic potential of our method.
Two novel heterozygous mutations of EVC2 cause a mild phenotype of Ellis–van Creveld syndrome in a Chinese family
Authors: Shen Wenjing , Han Dong , Zhang Jin , Zhao Hongshan , Feng Hailan 
Published: August 2011

AbstractEllis–van Creveld syndrome (EvC, chondroectodermal dysplasia; OMIM 225500) is an autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia with associated multisystem involvement. The syndrome is characterized by short limbs, short ribs, postaxial polydactyly, dysplastic nails, and abnormal teeth. Congenital heart defects occur in 50–60% of cases. In this study, we report EvC in a 6‐year‐old Chinese girl with hypodontia and polydactyly, mild short stature, and abnormalities of the knee joints. No signs of short ribs, narrow thorax, or congenital heart defects were found in this patient. The EvC phenotype shares some similarity with Weyers acrofacial dysostosis (Weyer; OMIM 193530), an autosomal dominant disorder clinically characterized by mild short stature, postaxial polydactyly, nail dystrophy, and dysplastic teeth. Mutations in EVC or EVC2 are associated with both EvC syndrome and Weyers acrodental dysostosis, but the two conditions differ in the severity of the phenotype and their pattern of inheritance. In this study, two novel heterozygous EVC2 mutations, IVS5‐2A > G and c.2653C > T (Arg885X), were identified in the patient. The IVS5‐2A > G mutation was inherited from the patient's mother and the c.2653C > T from her father. Her parents have no phenotypic symptoms similar to those of the patient. These findings extend the mutation spectrum of this malformation syndrome and provide the possibility of prenatal diagnosis for future offspring in this family. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intelligent control of doubly‐fed induction generator systems using PIDNNs
Authors: Lin Faa‐Jeng , Hwang Jonq‐Chin , Tan Kuang‐Hsiung , Lu Zong‐Han , Chang Yung‐Ruei 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAn intelligent control for a stand‐alone doubly‐fed induction generator (DFIG) system using a proportional‐integral‐derivative neural network (PIDNN) is proposed in this study. This system can be applied as a stand‐alone power supply system or as the emergency power system when the electricity grid fails for all sub‐synchronous, synchronous, and super‐synchronous conditions. The rotor side converter is controlled using field‐oriented control to produce 3‐phase stator voltages with constant magnitude and frequency at different rotor speeds. Moreover, the grid side converter, which is also controlled using field‐oriented control, is primarily implemented to maintain the magnitude of the DC‐link voltage. Furthermore, the intelligent PIDNN controller is proposed for both the rotor and grid side converters to improve the transient and steady‐state responses of the DFIG system for different operating conditions. Both the network structure and online learning algorithm are introduced in detail. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed control scheme is verified through experimentation.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Der Carl‐Alexander‐Park in Baesweiler Manfred Feyerabend
Authors: Feyerabend Manfred 
Published: August 2011

AbstractEine Kleinstadt im Raum Aachen – eine scheinbar alltägliche Planungsaufgabe im durchschnittlichen Rahmen: Die Stadt Baesweiler will eine verlassene Abraumhalde aus vergangenen Bergbauzeiten den Bürgern zurückgeben und dieses Projekt gleichzeitig als Initialzündung für die Entwicklung eines Technologiestandortes nutzen. Es zeigte sich, dass sich aus dieser Aufgabenstellung ein ganz und gar nicht alltägliches Ergebnis entwickelte.Das Projekt wurde mit dem Deutschen Landschaftsarchitektur‐Preis 2009 ausgezeichnet.Carl‐Alexander‐Park in Baesweiler. A small town in the area of Aachen – it seems to be an ordinary design‐job in an ordinary scope: the city of Baesweiler wants to return the barren slag heap to its citizens and use this project simultaneously as a kick‐off for the development of a technological site. This task developed into a not‐at‐all‐ordinary result, which especially satisfies by its sophisticated design principles and its variety.This project won the German‐Landscape‐Architecture‐Award in 2009.
ZMS‐Verwaltungsgebäude in Schwandorf
Authors: Herrmann Andreas , Spreng Stefan 
Published: August 2011

AbstractDer Neubau des Verwaltungsgebäudes für den Zweckverband Müllverwertung Schwandorf (ZMS) und der zugehörige Lärmschutzwall waren vom Architekten als “gebaute Landschaft“ entworfen worden. Das Projekt, bestehend aus Erdwall, Bürotrakt und Sitzungssaal, stellte aufgrund der komplexen Geometrie und der hohen gestalterischen Anforderungen eine besondere Aufgabe für die Tragwerksplanung dar. In Kombination mit der skulpturalen Formgebung machte dies die Entwicklung innovativer Lösungen erforderlich. Inhalt dieses Beitrags ist eine Beschreibung der Baumaßnahme mit besonderem Augenmerk auf die Lösungen, die im Bereich des Tragwerks gefunden wurden.ZMS administration building – structural engineering in the context of sculptural architecture. The administration building for the “Zweckverband Müllverwertung Schwandorf” (ZMS) was designed as a “built landscape”. Due to the complex geometry and sophisticated architectural demands, the project, consisting of a noise protection embankment, an office wing, and a conference hall, presented a challenging task for the structural engineer. Innovative solutions had to be developed to implement this unique project. This article describes the construction work, emphasizing the solutions developed by the structural engineering team.
Typisierte Stabtragwerke aus Stahl in der DDR von 1955 bis 1990
Authors: Tasche Martin , Baumgarten Henrik , Zinnert Gunter 
Published: August 2011

AbstractDer Aufsatz bespricht wichtige typisierte Stabtragwerke aus Stahl, die in der DDR ab 1955 vorrangig für den Industriehallenbau, aber auch den Gesellschaftsbau entwickelt wurden. Die Konstruktionen zeichneten sich durch sparsamen Materialeinsatz und ein hohe Projektierungstiefe aus. Hinweise auf entsprechende Projektierungskataloge erleichtern aktuelle Nachrechnungen der heute kaum noch bekannten Konstruktionen. Nach Kenntnis der Autoren handelt es sich um den ersten Versuch, typisierte DDR‐Tragkonstruktionen vergleichend darzustellen. Auf die Ende der 1960er Jahre entwickelten Flächentragwerke (Stabnetzwerke Typ Berlin, Ruhland, Weimar und Waren) wird nicht eingegangen. Typisierte Stabtragwerke aus Holz sind Gegenstand eines weiteren Aufsatzes im nächsten Heft.Typified steel frame structures in the GDR from 1955 until 1990. This article outlines typified steel frame structures, which were developed in the former GDR from 1955 until 1990 primarily for industrial halls, but also for social buildings. References to former project catalogs facilitate current structural recalculations of this particular material‐saving structures. From the level of the authors’ awareness is this the first publication discussing typified structures of the GDR in a comparative way. Typed wood frame structures are the subject of another article in the next issue.
Beitrag zur Betrachtung von Zweischeiben‐Isolierverglasungen unter klimabedingten Drucklasten – Teil 2: Validierung
Authors: von Grabe Jörn , Winter Stefan 
Published: August 2011

AbstractDer Aufsatz präsentiert die experimentelle Validierung des im ersten Teil vorgestellten einfachen Algorithmus zur Bestimmung der Durchbiegung von Isolierglasscheiben unter klimainduzierten Drucklasten [3]. Insgesamt wird für neun unterschiedliche Isolierglaseinheiten – die sich hinsichtlich Format und Plattensteifigkeit unterscheiden – die Auswirkung einer schrittweisen Temperaturerhöhung von Raumtemperatur auf ca. 80 °C auf die Durchbiegung in Scheibenmitte experimentell untersucht und auf verschiedene Arten analysiert. Allen Messergebnissen werden Rechenergebnisse gegenübergestellt und mit ihnen numerisch verglichen, um eine Übersicht über die generelle Genauigkeit des Verfahrens zu erhalten. Zusätzlich wird mittels statistischer Analysen dargelegt, welche Eigenschaften der Isolierglaseinheiten einen systematischen Einfluss auf die relative Genauigkeit der Prognose haben und welche Größenordnung dieser Einfluss aufweist. Abschließend werden einige mögliche qualitative Kausalhypothesen für die festgestellten Haupteffekte formuliert und geprüft.Contribution to the examination of double glazed units under climate‐induced pressure loads – Part 2: Validation. This article presents the experimental validation of the simple algorithm for determining the deflection of double glazed units under climate‐induced pressure loads which was presented in the first part of this double‐publication [3]. For nine double glazed units – all of which are different in terms of format and plate stiffness – the effect of a stepwise increase of temperature from room temperature up to 80 °C on the deformation of the pane centre is experimentally examined and analysed by different procedures. All measurement results will be contrasted with calculation results and will be numerically compared to them, so that a general overview over the accuracy of the procedure will be generated. Additionally, by statistical analysis, it will be shown, which properties of the insulating glass have a systematic impact on the relative accuracy of the prediction and of which magnitude this is. Finally, some qualitative causal hypotheses concerning the main effects are formulated and tested.
Single‐Molecule Magnet Behaviour in a Tetrathiafulvalene‐Based Electroactive Antiferromagnetically Coupled Dinuclear Dysprosium(III) Complex
Authors: Pointillart Fabrice , Le Gal Yann , Golhen Stéphane , Cador Olivier , Ouahab Lahcène 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe reactions between the [Ln(tta)3]⋅2 H2O precursors (tta−=2‐thenoyltrifluoroacetonate anion) and the tetrathiafulvalene‐3‐pyridine‐N‐oxide ligands (L1) lead to dinuclear complexes of formula [{Ln(tta)3(L1)}2]⋅x CH2Cl2 (x=0.5 for Ln=DyIII (1) and x=0 for Ln=GdIII (2)). The crystal structure reveals that two {Ln(tta)3} moieties are bridged by two donors through the nitroxide groups. The DyIII centre adopts a distorted square antiprismatic oxygenated polyhedron structure. The antiferromagnetic nature of the exchange interaction between the two DyIII ions has been determined by two methods: 1) an empirical method using the [Dy(hfac)3(L2)2] mononuclear complex as a model (3) (hfac−=1,1,1,5,5,5‐hexafluoroacetylacetonate anion, L2=tetrathiafulvaleneamido‐2‐pyridine‐N‐oxide ligand), and 2) assuming an Ising model for the DyIII ion giving an exchange energy of −2.30 cm−1, g=19.2 in the temperature range of 2–10 K. The antiferromagnetic interactions have been confirmed by a quantitative determination of J for the isotropic GdIII derivative (J=−0.031 cm−1, g=2.003). Compound 1 displays a slow magnetisation relaxation without applied external magnetic fields. Alternating current susceptibility shows a thermally activated behaviour with pre‐exponential factors of 5.48(4)×10−7 s and an energy barrier of 87(1) K. The application of an external field of 1.6 kOe compensates the antiferromagnetic interactions and opens a new quantum tunnelling path.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Photoluminescent Properties of LiGaO2 Nanoflakes.
Authors: Hsiao Yu‐Jen , Fang Te‐Hua , Ji Liang‐Wen , Chiu Zhe‐Wei 
Published: August 2011

AbstractMicrocrystalline LiGaO2 with an orthorhombic structure is synthesized by sol—gel processing of LiNO3, Ga(NO3)3, ethylene glycol, and citric acid (120 °C, 10 h) and subsequent calcination at 500—700 °C in air (3 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Cs2USi6O15: A Tetravalent Uranium Silicate.
Authors: Liu Hsin‐Kuan , Lii Kwang‐Hwa 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe title compound is synthesized along with Cs2UO2Si4O10 by hydrothermal reaction of UO3, CsF, and SiO2 using Al as a reducing agent (Cs:U:Si:Al = 50:1:6:0.6, H2O, Au ampule, autoclave, 600 °C, 2 d, 49% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Cleavage of Carbon—Carbon Bonds Through the Mild Release of Trifluoroacetate: Generation of α,α‐Difluoroenolates for Aldol Reactions.
Authors: Han Changho , Kim Eun Hoo , Colby David A. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractUnder very mild conditions, α,α′‐pentafluoro gem‐diols undergo an extremely fast C—C bond scission with release of trifluoroacetate to give in the presence of aldehydes the corresponding aldol products.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid Catalyzed Intramolecular Allylic Substitution of Bis(trichloroacetimidates): A Versatile Approach to Racemic Unsaturated Amino Acids.
Authors: Grigorjeva Liene , Jirgensons Aigars 
Published: August 2011

Abstract(E)‐Alkenyloxazolines and ‐oxazines are effectively prepared from both (E)‐ or (Z)‐bis(trichloroacetimidates) in the presence of a variety of Lewis acid catalysts (TmsOTf, FeCl3, AlCl3, BF3·OEt2, TosOH) in general within minutes.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Nucleophilic Addition of Aryl or Vinyl Chlorides to α‐Ketoamides Through C—Cl Bond Activation.
Authors: Hu Jin‐Xiu , Wu Hao , Li Chuan‐Ying , Sheng Wei‐Jian , Jia Yi‐Xia , Gao Jian‐Rong 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe first example of a nickel‐catalyzed direct intramolecular nucleophilic addition of aryl or vinyl chlorides to α‐ketoamides through C—Cl bond activation is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: A Palladium‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Cross‐Coupling of Conjugated Dienes or Terminal Alkenes with Vinyl Triflates and Boronic Acids.
Authors: Liao Longyan , Jana Ranjan , Urkalan Kaveri Balan , Sigman Matthew S. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe reaction of 1,3‐dienes with arylboronic acids and either cyclic or acyclic vinyl triflates results in a selective 1,2‐alkene difunctionalization.
ChemInform Abstract: Mild Pd‐Catalyzed N‐Arylation of Methanesulfonamide and Related Nucleophiles: Avoiding Potentially Genotoxic Reagents and By‐products.
Authors: Rosen Brandon R. , Ruble J. Craig , Beauchamp Thomas J. , Navarro Antonio 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAn efficient and widely applicable method to prepare N‐arylsulfonamides is developed and applied to the synthesis of the bissulfonamide drug dofetilide (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: New Nitrogen‐ and Sulfur‐Containing Derivatives of Chlorocyclopentenones.
Authors: Egorov V. A. , Khalikova G. M. , Gimalova F. A. , Grachev A. V. , Miftakhov M. S. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWith the view to obtain new antiviral agents of the cyclopentane series, a variety of new N‐ and S‐containing derivatives of chlorocyclopentenes are synthesized starting from trichlorocyclopentenones (I), (VI), (VIII) or (XII).
ChemInform Abstract: Facile and Odorless One‐Pot Process for the Synthesis of N‐Substituted Thioamides via TsCl‐Mediated Beckmann Rearrangement of Ketoximes.
Authors: Liu Li‐Feng , An Na , Pi Hong‐Jun , Ying Jun , Du Wenting , Deng Wei‐Ping 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe one‐pot thionation process utilizes thiourea for the synthesis of thioamides (II) via Beckmann rearrangement of ketoximes (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric syn‐Selective Direct Aldol Reaction of Protected Hydroxyacetone Catalyzed by Primary Amino Acid Derived Bifunctional Organocatalyst in the Presence of Water.
Authors: Kumar Akshay , Singh Sarbjit , Kumar Vikas , Chimni Swapandeep Singh 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA variety of amino acid‐derived water‐soluble primary‐tertiary diamines is prepared and successfully applied as organocatalyst in the aldol reaction of protected hydroxyacetone derivatives (I) and (IV) with aromatic aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Carbazolyl‐Derived Phosphine Ligands: Application to Sterically Hindered Biaryl Couplings.
Authors: To Sheung Chun , Kwong Fuk Yee 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA novel carbazolyl‐containing phosphine ligand is prepared and successfully applied in the Suzuki—Miyaura coupling reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Indane and Cyclobuta[a]indenes from Homoallylic Alcohols Derived from Baylis—Hillman Adducts: Base‐Dependent Stereoselectivity for the Benzylidene Group in Cyclobuta[a]indene.
Authors: Kim Ko Hoon , Kim Se Hee , Park Sunhong , Kim Jae Nyoung 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe Pd‐catalyzed cyclization of title homoallylic alcohols (I) provides a mixture of indane (III) and cyclobutaindene products (II)/(IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Increasing Synthetic Efficiency via Direct C—H Functionalization: Formal Synthesis of an Inhibitor of Botulinum Neurotoxin.
Authors: Potavathri Shathaverdhan , Kantak Abhishek , DeBoef Brenton 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA novel synthetic route for the synthesis of one of the best known inhibitors (VII) of botulinum neurotoxin is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Core‐Structure‐Motivated Design of a Phosphine‐Catalyzed [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction: Enantioselective Syntheses of Spirocyclopenteneoxindoles.
Authors: Tan Bin , Candeias Nuno R. , Barbas Carlos F. III 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPhenylcarbamoyl or Boc protected spiro‐indolinones such as (III) or (VIII) are prepared with up to 99% e.e.
ChemInform Abstract: Interaction of Spiro‐Heterocyclic Oxindole System with Sodium Diformylimide.
Authors: Gurevich P. A. , Sattarova L. F. , Petrovskiy A. S. , Frolova N. A. , Strunin B. P. , Musin R. Z. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractNew heterocyclic compound (VI) is synthesized starting from isatin (I) via chlorination of intermediate (III), subsequent reaction with sodium diformylimide (IV) and cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Unexpected 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction of Thiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidine Derivatives and Nitrilimine.
Authors: Li Xiaofang , Liu Haochong , Liu Bin , Zheng Aiting , Li Guobin , Yu Xianyong , Yi Pinggui 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction of thiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidine derivatives (I) with in situ from N‐phenyl benzhydrazidoyl chloride (II) generated nitrilamine is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Functional Polycyclic Chromones Through Michael Addition and Double Cyclizations.
Authors: Liu Yang , Huang Liping , Xie Fuchun , Chen Xuxing , Hu Youhong 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBase‐promoted, microwave‐assisted tandem reaction of alkynylchromones with o‐bromobenzylic nitriles and esters provides access to title polysubstituted cyclohepteno‐fused chromones, e.g. (III), (VI), (VIII) or (X), in moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: D‐Camphor‐Derived Triazolium Salts for Enantioselective Intramolecular Stetter Reactions.
Authors: Rong Zi‐Qiang , Li Yi , Yang Gui‐Qiu , You Shu‐Li 
Published: August 2011

AbstractChiral triazolium salts catalyze the asymmetric Stetter reaction of the salicylaldehyde‐derived substrates (I) and (III), providing the corresponding chromanone products in high yields and excellent enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Copper‐Free Pd(OAc)2/Ruphos‐Catalyzed Sonogashira Coupling of 1‐Chloroisoquinolines in the Formation of 1‐Alkynyl‐3‐substituted Isoquinolines.
Authors: Prabakaran K. , Khan F. Nawaz , Jin Jong Sung 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe method avoids an oxidative dimerization of the alkynes and renders possible the simple access to biologically interesting isoquinoline structures.
ChemInform Abstract: Bicyclization Involving Pseudo‐Intramolecular Imination with Diamines.
Authors: Nishiwaki Nagatoshi , Hirao Shotaro , Sawayama Jun , Saigo Kazuhiko , Kobiro Kazuya 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe formation of ammonium salts of acidic ketonitriles (I) with amines (II) followed by a pseudo‐intramolecular imination affords bicyclization products (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of C2‐Functionalized Pyrimidines from 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones by the Mitsunobu Coupling Reaction.
Authors: Wang Xi‐Cun , Yang Guo‐Jun , Jia Xiao‐Dong , Zhang Zhang , Da Yu‐Xia , Quan Zheng‐Jun 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe Mitsunobu coupling of 2‐hydroxypyrimidines with N‐, O‐, and acid nucleophiles gives C2‐substituted pyrimidines in high yields.