bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grouplike minimal sets in ACFA AND inTA
Authors: Medvedev Alice 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis paper began as a generalization of a part of the author's PhD thesis about ACFA and ended up with a characterization of groups definable inTA. The thesis concerns minimal formulae of the formxЄA∧ σ(x) =f(x)for an algebraic curveAand a dominant rational functionf: A→ σ(A). These are shown to be uniform in the Zilber trichotomy, and the pairs(A, f)that fall into each of the three cases are characterized. These characterizations are definable in families. This paper covers approximately half of the thesis, namely those parts of it which can be made purely model-theoretic by moving from ACFA, the model companion of the class of algebraically closed fields with an endomorphism, toTA, the model companion of the class of models of an arbitrary totally-transcendental theoryTwith an injective endomorphism, if this model-companion exists. ATAanalog of the characterization of groups definable in ACFA is obtained in the process. The full characterization of the cases of the Zilber trichotomy in the thesis is obtained from these intermediate results with heavy use of algebraic geometry.
Evaluation of a three-dimensional kinematic model for canine gait analysis
Authors: Fu Yang-Chieh , Torres Bryan T. , Budsberg Steven C. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate a 3-D kinematic model of the hind limb developed by use of a joint coordinate system in dogs.
Animals—6 clinically normal adult mixed-breed dogs.
Procedures—17 retroreflective markers were affixed to the skin on the right hind limb of each dog. Eight infrared cameras were arranged around a gait platform to record marker locations as dogs were recorded moving through the calibrated space 5 times during a walk and trot at velocities of 0.9 to 1.2 m/s and 1.7 to 2.1 m/s, respectively. Local and global coordinate systems were established, and a segmental rigid-body model of the canine hind limb was produced. Dynamic 3-D joint kinematic measurements were collected for the hip, stifle, and tarsal joints.
Results—Sagittal (flexion-extension), transverse (internal-external rotation), and frontal (abduction-adduction) plane kinematic measurements were acquired during each trial for the hip, stifle, and tarsal joints.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The joint coordinate system allowed acquisition of 3-D kinematic measurements of the hip, stifle, and tarsal joints of the canine hind limb. Methods were described to model 3-D joint motion of the canine hind limb. (Am J Vet Res 2010;71:1118-1122)
Pharmacokinetics of fentanyl administered transdermally and intravenously in sheep
Authors: Ahern Benjamin J. , Soma Lawrence R. , Rudy Jeffery A. , Uboh Cornelius E. , Schaer Thomas P. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Objective—To investigate the pharmacokinetics of fentanyl administered transdermally and IV in sheep.
Animals—21 adult female sheep.
Procedures—Fentanyl was administered IV to 6 healthy sheep. Transdermal fentanyl patches (TFPs) were applied to 15 sheep 12 hours prior to general anesthesia and surgery. Seria blood samples were collected for 18 hours after IV injection and 84 hours after TFP application. Fentanyl concentrations were quantified via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and pharmacokinetic values were estimated.
Results—All sheep completed the study without complications. Following a dose of 2.5g/kg administered IV, the half-life was 3.08 hours (range, 2.20 to 3.36 hours), volume of distribution at steady state was 8.86 L/kg (range, 5.55 to 15.04 L/kg), and systemic clearance was 3.62 L/kg/h (range, 2.51 to 5.39 L/kg/h). The TFPs were applied at a mean dose of 2.05 g/kg/h. Time to maximum plasma concentration and maximal concentration were 12 hours (range, 4 to 24 hours) and 1.30 ng/mL (range, 0.62 to 2.73 ng/mL), respectively. Fentanyl concentrations were maintained at > 0.5 ng/mL for 40 hours after TFP application.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—IV administration of fentanyl resulted in a short half-life. Application of a TFP resulted in stable blood fentanyl concentrations in sheep. (Am J Vet Res 2010;71:1127—1132)
Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists in cartilage and synovial explants from dogs
Authors: Hanks Brian C. , Kuroki Keichi , Stoker Aaron M. , Cook James L. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonists on tissue metabolism in cartilage and synovial explants from dogs.
Sample Population—Cartilage-synovial membrane expiants from 12 dogs.
Procedures—Expiants were cultured for 21 days without (negative control) or with interleukin (IL)-1β (positive control) or with IL-1β and 2 concentrations of 2 PPARγ agonists (15-deoxy-Δ 12,14-prostaglandin J2 [PGJ2] and pioglitazone). Media were collected on days 3, 7, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21 and assessed for glycosaminoglycan (GAG), nitric oxide (NO), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentrations. Tissue GAG and hydroxyproline concentrations were determined in cartilage expiants collected on day 21.
Results—The GAG concentrations of cartilage expiants cultured in IL-1β (100 ng/mL) with 2 concentrations of PGJ2 were significantly higher than those in all other groups, whereas media GAG concentrations were significantly lower in the high-concentration PGJ2-treated groups, compared with all other groups. The PGE2 concentrations were significantly lower in the PGJ2 treatment groups, compared with the positive control and the pioglitazone treatment groups on days 3 to 21. The NO concentrations were significantly lower in PGJ2 treatment groups, compared with the other groups on days 3 and 12 to 21.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—PGJ2, an endogenous PPARγ agonist, may have anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective effects in an osteosteoarthritic joint environment (Am J Vet Res 2010;71:1142-1147)
Pharmacokinetics of metformin after enteral administration in insulin-resistant ponies
Authors: Tinworth Kellie D. , Edwards Scott , Harris Patricia A. , Sillence Martin N. , Hackett L. Peter , Noble Glenys K. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Objective—To determine pharmacokinetics and plasma steady-state kinetics of metformin after oral or nasogastric administration in insulin-resistant (IR) ponies
Animals—8 IR ponies
Procedures—Metformin (30 mg/kg) was administered to 8 ponies via nasogastric tube Blood samples were collected at intervals for 24 hours. Plasma concentrations of metformin were measured via liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectroscopy Pharmacokinetic variables were determined via noncompartmental analysis. Metformin (15 mg/kg, PO, twice daily [8 am and 5 pm]) was administered to 4 ponies for an additional 20 days, and blood samples were obtained every 2 days. Plasma concentration at steady state (Css) was determined.
Results—Mean ± SD elimination half-life (t1/2) of metformin was 11.7 ± 5.2 hours, maxima plasma concentration was 748 ± 269 ng/mL at 54 ± 32 minutes, mean area under the curve was 355 ± 92μg•h/mL, and apparent clearance was 90.6 ± 28.1 mL/min/kg. The Css was 122 ± 22 ng/mL.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Metformin reportedly enhances insulin sensitivity of peripheral tissues without stimulating insulin secretion, but bioavailability in horses is low. The t1/2 of metformin in IR ponies was similar to that in humans. Actual clearance of metformin adjusted for bioavailability in IR ponies was similar to that in humans; however, during chronic oral administration at dosages reported in efficacy studies, the Css of metformin was less than values associated with therapeutic efficacy in humans The apparent lack of long-term efficacy of metformin in horses is likely attributable to low bioavailability, rather than to rapid clearance. (Am J Vet Res 2010;71:1201-1206)
Effects of administration of caffeine on metabolic variables in neonatal pigs with peripartum asphyxia
Authors: Orozco-Gregorio Héctor , Mota-Rojas Daniel , Bonilla-Jaime Herlinda , Trujillo-Ortega María E. , Becerril-Herrera Marcelino , Hernández-González Rafael , Villanueva-García Dina 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Objective—To determine effects of 2 doses of caffeine on metabolic variables in neonata pigs with peripartum asphyxia
Animals—180 neonatal pigs
Procedures—Neonatal pigs were assigned to 2 groups (groups P and F) on the basis of results for a vitality scale (passed or failed, respectively). Within each group, there were 3 subgroups of 30 pigs each. Within each group, the 3 subgroups received a placebo that consisted of an empty gelatin capsule, a gelatin capsule that contained 20 mg of caffeine, and a gelatin capsule that contained 35 mg of caffeine, respectively; all capsules were administered orally (0 hours). Blood samples were collected immediately before and 24 hours after capsule administration.
Results—Pigs in groups P and F that received 20 or 35 mg of caffeine had significant increases in triglyceride concentrations. All pigs in groups P and F had a significant decrease in lactate concentrations, although the placebo-treated pigs in group F had larger decreases than did the group F pigs treated with 20 or 35 mg of caffeine. Glucose concentrations increased significantly in group F pigs treated with 20 or 35 mg of caffeine (30% and 50%, respectively), whereas glucose concentrations remained unchanged in group P pigs. In pigs treated with 35 mg of caffeine, the final weight obtained for group F was approximately 8% lower than that obtained for group P
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Administering caffeine immediately after birth to neonatal pigs with severe oxygen restriction resulted in significant improvements in metabolic variables. (Am J Vet Res 2010;71:1214-1219)
Effects of renal autograft ischemic storage and reperfusion on intraoperative hemodynamic patterns and plasma renin concentrations in clinically normal cats undergoing renal autotransplantation and contralateral nephrectomy
Authors: Schmiedt Chad W. , Mercurio Andrew , Vandenplas Michel , McAnulty Jonathan F. , Hurley David J. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the effect of the duration of cold Ischemia on the renin-angiotensin system during renal transplantation In cats and to define the potential Influence of vasoactive factors in renal tissue following cold ischemic storage versus warm ischemic storage
Animals—10 purpose-bred 6-month-old sexually Intact female cats
Procedures—10 cats underwent renal autotransplantation after 30 minutes (n = 5) or 3 hours (5) of simple, ex vivo cold storage of renal autographs. Following autograft reperfusion, direct hemodynamic variables were measured with a telemetric Implant and samples were collected for plasma renin concentration. Activation of vascular-related genes (renin, endothelin, and angiotensin converting enzyme) relative to 2-hour simple cold or warm ischemia was also evaluated.
Results—No significant difference between groups was detected In any of the hemodynamic variables or postreperfusion plasma renin concentrations measured in this study relative to the duration of cold ischemic storage. There was also no difference between warm- and cold-stored kidneys in the expression of vascular-related genes
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Prolonged renal Ischemia for clinically relevant durations does not appear to predispose clinically normal cats to altered hemodynamics or high plasma renin concentrations following graft reperfusion. Activation of vasoactive genes does not appear to be Influenced by type of Ischemia over 2 hours. (Am J Vet Res 2010;71:1220-1227)
Comparison of the osteogenic potential of equine mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord blood, and umbilical cord tissue
Authors: Toupadakis Chrisoula A. , Wong Alice , Genetos Damian C. , Cheung Whitney K. , Borjesson Dori L. , Ferraro Gregory L. , Galuppo Lawrence D. , Leach J. Kent , Owens Sean D. , Yellowley Clare E. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Objective—To determine the optimal osteogenic source of equine mesenchymal stem cells (eMSCs) and optimize collection of and expansion conditions for those cells.
Animals—10 adult Quarter Horses and 8 newborn Thoroughbred foals.
Procedures—eMSCs were isolated from bone marrow (BM), adipose tissue, and umbilical cord blood and tissue, and the osteogenic potential of each type was assessed. Effects of anatomic site, aspiration volume, and serum type on eMSC yield from BM were investigated.
Results—BM-eMSCs had the highest overall expression of the osteogenic genes Cbfa1, Osx, and Omd and staining for ALP activity and calcium deposition. There was no significant difference in BM-eMSC yield from the tuber coxae or sternum, but yield was significantly greater from the first 60-mL aspirate than from subsequent aspirates. The BM-eMSC expansion rate was significantly higher when cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum instead of autologous serum (AS).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—eMSCs from BM possessed the highest in vitro osteogenic potential; eMSCs from adipose tissue also had robust osteogenic potential. The tuber coxae and the sternum were viable sources of BM-eMSCs in yearlings, and 60 mL of BM aspirate was sufficient for culture and expansion. Expanding BM-eMSCs in AS to avoid potential immunologic reactions decreased the total yield because BM-eMSCs grew significantly slower in AS than in fetal bovine serum. Additional studies are needed to determine optimal ex vivo eMSC culture and expansion conditions, including the timing and use of growth factor—supplemented AS. (Am J Vet Res 2010;71:1237-1245)
Early detection of ketoprofen-induced acute kidney injury in sheep as determined by evaluation of urinary enzyme activities
Authors: Raekallio Marja R. , Saario-Paunio Elise M. K. , Rajamäki Minna M. , Sankari Satu M. , Palviainen Mari J. , Siven Mia S. , Peltoniemi S. Marikki , Leinonen Mari-Erika , Honkavaara Juhana M. , Vainio Outi M. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate early indicators of renal tissue destruction and changes in urinary enzyme activities in sheep during the first hours after acute kidney injury induced by administration of an overdose of an NSAID.
Animals—12 adult female sheep.
Procedures—Acute kidney injury was induced in 6 sheep by administration of ketoprofen (30 mg/kg, IV) and detected by evaluation of urinary protein concentration, iohexol clearance, and results of histologic examination. Six sheep served as control animals. Blood and urine samples were collected for up to 24 hours after administration of ketoprofen. Plasma concentrations of urea, creatinine, albumin, and total protein; plasma activities of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, and MMP-9; and urinary creatinine and protein concentrations, specific gravity, and activities of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, GGT lactate dehydrogenase, N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), MMP-2, and MMP-9 were measured. Urinary protein concentration and enzyme activities were normalized on the basis of urinary creatinine concentrations and reported as ratios.
Results—Many urinary enzyme-to-creatinine ratios increased before the plasma creatinine concentration exceeded the reference value. Urine NAG, lactate dehydrogenase, and acid phosphatase activities were increased beginning at 2 hours after ketoprofen administration, and alkaline phosphatase, GGT, and MMP-2 activities were increased beginning at 4 hours after ketoprofen administration. Most peak urinary enzyme-to-creatinine ratios were detected earlier than were the highest plasma creatinine and urea concentrations.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Urinary enzyme activities were sensitive early indicators of acute kidney injury induced by an overdose of an NSAID in sheep. (Am J Vet Res 2010;71:1246–1252)
Evaluation of the use of baseline cortisol concentration as a monitoring tool for dogs receiving trilostane as a treatment for hyperadrenocorticism
Authors: Cook Audrey K. , Bond Karen G. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether a single measurement of cortisol concentration can be used to monitor dogs receiving trilostane for hyperadrenocorticism.
Design—Controlled drug efficacy trial.
Animals—103 client-owned dogs.
Procedures—Results of ACTH stimulation tests before and during trilostane treatment were evaluated. Each cortisol concentration after ACTH stimulation was classified as indicative of excessive, acceptable, or inadequate control of adrenal gland function, as outlined by the trilostane manufacturer. Baseline cortisol concentrations before and during trilostane treatment were evaluated; target variables were defined, and sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values were determined.
Results—Results of 103 and 342 ACTH stimulation tests before and during treatment were evaluated. In this population, baseline cortisol concentrations ≥ 1.3 μg/dL accurately excluded excessive suppression (defined by cortisol concentration after ACTH stimulation < 1.5 μg/dL) in 254 of 259 (98%) dogs. In addition, baseline cortisol concentrations ≤ 2.9 μg/dL correctly excluded inadequate control (defined by cortisol concentration after ACTH stimulation > 9.1 μg/dL) in 200 of 211 (95%) dogs. During trilostane treatment, baseline cortisol concentrations between 1.3 and either 2.9 μg/dL or ≤ 50% of the pretreatment baseline cortisol concentration correctly predicted acceptable control of adrenal gland function in 147 of 168 (88%) dogs.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Evaluation of a baseline cortisol concentration collected 4 to 6 hours after trilostane administration in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism provided clinically useful information about control of adrenal gland function. Many dogs receiving trilostane may be adequately monitored without the expense and inconvenience of an ACTH stimulation test. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2010;237:801–805)
Diagnosis and management of cranial and caudal nuchal bursitis in four horses
Authors: García-López José M. , Jenei Thomas , Chope Kate , Bubeck Kirstin A. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Case Description—4 horses with a history of neck pain, abnormal head carriage, and related inability to perform were examined. Cranial nuchal bursitis was diagnosed in 2 horses, and caudal nuchal bursitis was diagnosed in the other 2.
Clinical Findings—All 4 horses had prominent swelling in the region between the frontal bone and temporal fossa (ie, the poll) and abnormal head carriage. Ultrasonographic examination revealed fluid distention and synovial thickening of the cranial or caudal nuchal bursa in all 4 horses. Ultrasonography-guided aspiration of the affected region was performed successfully in 3 horses. Radiography revealed bony remodeling and mineralization over the dorsal aspect of the atlas in 1 horse and a radiolucency at the axis in another. Nuclear scintigraphy revealed an increase in radioisotope uptake at the level of C2 in 1 horse. Although a septic process was considered among the differential diagnoses in all horses, a septic process could only be confirmed in 1 horse.
Treatment and Outcome—All horses were refractory to conservative management consisting of intrabursal injection of anti-inflammatory medications. Bursoscopic debridement and lavage of the affected bursae resulted in resolution of the clinical signs in all horses, and they all returned to their intended use.
Clinical Relevance—Cranial and caudal nuchal bursitis, of nonseptic or septic origin, should be considered as a differential diagnosis in horses with head and neck pain. Horses undergoing surgical intervention consisting of nuchal bursoscopy have the opportunity to return to their original degree of exercise. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2010;237:823–829)
Density of the systems (NaF/AlF3)—AlPO4 and (NaF/AlF3)—NaVO3
Authors: Šimko František , Macková Iveta , Netriová Zuzana 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe densities of two systems of molten mixtures (NaF/AlF3)—NaVO3 and (NaF/AlF3)—AlPO4 were measured using an Archimedean method. Each molten mixture contained varying amounts of “impurity” constituents. The measurements were performed at various NaF/AlF3 mole ratios (CR, cryolite ratio), equal to 3, 2.5, 2, and 1.5.
Comparative study of CTAB adsorption on bituminous coal and clay mineral
Authors: Maršálek Roman , Navrátilová Zuzana 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAdsorption of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) onto bituminous coal (BC) and a clay mineral, montmorillonite (MMT), was studied. Simultaneous measurements of the CTAB adsorption and zeta potential determination of the adsorption suspensions were carried out. The adsorption isotherms were found to be of the typical Langmuir type; values of the CTAB adsorption capacities were calculated (a m = 0.65 mmol g−1 for coal and a m = 3.24 mmol g−1 for MMT). The shape of the adsorption isotherms was correlated with zeta potential values at the adsorption equilibrium. The adsorption properties of both sorbents were studied by voltammetry on carbon paste electrodes (CPE) modified with coal-CTAB and MMT-CTAB system, respectively. Open circuit sorption with differential pulse voltammetry was performed in order to compare the sorption properties of the systems with the unmodified sorbents. The Cu2+ adsorption on BC and MMT decreased to approximately 50 % and 40 %, respectively. The surface adsorption mechanism of CTAB on coal based on hydrophilic interactions was proposed. In the case of montmorillonite, the CTAB intercalation is expected via ion exchange into the inter-layer space forming a double- or triple-layer arrangement.
Enzymatic synthesis and analytical monitoring of terpene ester by 1H NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Patil Dipak , Das Debabrata , Nag Ahindra 
Published: October 2010

AbstractTerpene esters of fatty acids have potential applications in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. The present study focuses on the synthesis of terpene esters of long chain fatty acids catalyzed by Candida antarctica lipase B. Different parameters like temperature, solvent, and enzyme concentration for the esterification of terpene alcohols (geraniol and citronellol) with oleic acid were studied. Maximum conversion (98 %) was found for both terpene esters at 60°C in 2,2,4-trimethylpentane as well as in dry hexane and around 95–97 % in other tested solvents. The reaction was also carried out using stearic and linoleic acid in hexane to study the effects of unsaturation in the substrate in which stearic acid showed the maximum conversion. The reaction was monitored by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Using the peak integration values of methylene protons of terpene and terpene ester of δ = 3.6 and 4.0 for citronellol and δ = 4.2 and 4.6 for geraniol, respectively, percentage conversions of each of the esters were calculated.