bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
« N'abîmons pas la France ! »
Authors: Delporte Christian 
Published: January 2012

Résumé La question environnementale surgit à la télévision avec l’émotion que suscite la catastrophe du Torrey Canyon (1967) et s’y installe avec l’émission qui lui est dédiée, « La France défigurée » (1971-1978). Selon cette émission, fidèle à la politique gouvernementale, la préservation de l’environnement rejoint d’abord la défense du paysage français, maltraité par les urbanistes et pollueurs de tout poil. Si elle refuse de globaliser la question environnementale, si sa vision rassurante se démarque de l’alarmisme des écologistes, « La France défigurée » a le mérite de familiariser les téléspectateurs avec le thème de la protection de la nature. Imposant son regard et ses thématiques, elle contribue alors à marginaliser le discours et l’action des écologistes, même après la candidature Dumont à l’élection présidentielle (1974). Nourrissant l’idée selon laquelle l’environnement est l’affaire de tous, la télévision des années 1970 nie le bien-fondé de l’écologie politique et l’utilité même d’un mouvement écologiste.
L'affaire de la Vanoise et son analyste
Authors: Charvolin Florian 
Published: January 2012

Résumé L’« affaire de la Vanoise », comme on l’appelle traditionnellement dans les témoignages oraux et dans l’historiographie de la protection de la nature des années 1960, est à la fois un enjeu mémoriel pour les écologistes et une archive pour l’historien, après avoir été un champ de lutte constitutif d’une des premières confrontations contemporaines d’envergure entre le public et les aménageurs en France. Elle met en scène, à propos du parc national de la Vanoise, les premières tentatives de dérogation à la loi sur les parcs nationaux, les intérêts de promoteurs privés de stations touristiques, la politique locale des collectivités territoriales et la fédération des protecteurs de la nature dans un réseau. L’article étudie cette émergence d’une « forme » historique particulière, en s’inspirant de la sociologie des problèmes publics, et de celle des contenus scientifiques.
Écologie et politique dans les années 1970
Authors: Vrignon Alexis 
Published: January 2012

Résumé Fondés en 1970, les Amis de la Terre-France sont l’un des principaux acteurs de l’écologie politique dans les années 1970. Participation aux élections et contestation antinucléaire sont deux facettes d’une même réflexion sur le rôle des citoyens et de la société civile dans la résolution des problèmes environnementaux. Si les Amis de la Terre remettent en cause la définition de l’environnement promue par les pouvoirs publics, ils peinent à mettre en place une organisation capable de mener à bien leur projet. Les groupes locaux se concertent difficilement, cependant qu’aucune procédure ne permet un contrôle efficace des animateurs nationaux, situation qui alimente suspicion et tensions. Au début des années 1980, l’association adopte des statuts plus habituels et une définition de l’environnement analogue à celle des pouvoirs publics ; ces décisions marquent la fin des ambitions des années 68 pour une organisation qui devient alors une ONG environnementale.
Th2 Skewing by Activation of Nrf2 in CD4+ T Cells
Authors: Rockwell Cheryl E. , Zhang Mingcai , Fields Patrick E. , Klaassen Curtis D. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
NF erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that mediates the upregulation of a battery of cytoprotective genes in response to cell stress. Recent studies showed that Nrf2 also modulates immune responses and exhibits anti-inflammatory activity. In this article, we demonstrate that a common food preservative, tert-butylhydroquinone, can activate Nrf2 in T cells, as evidenced by Nrf2 binding to the antioxidant response element and the subsequent upregulation of Nrf2 target genes. The activation of Nrf2 suppresses IFN-γ production, while inducing the production of the Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13. Nrf2 activation also suppresses T-bet DNA binding and promotes GATA-binding protein 3 DNA binding. Collectively, the present studies suggested that Nrf2 activation skews CD4+ T cells toward Th2 differentiation and, thus, represents a novel regulatory mechanism in CD4+ T cells. Further studies are needed to determine whether the commercial use of Nrf2 activators as food preservatives promotes food allergies in humans.
Role of Mast Cells and Basophils in IgE Responses and in Allergic Airway Hyperresponsiveness
Authors: Sawaguchi Minoru , Tanaka Shinya , Nakatani Yuriko , Harada Yasuyo , Mukai Kaori , Matsunaga Yuko , Ishiwata Kenji , Oboki Keisuke , Kambayashi Taku , Watanabe Naohiro , Karasuyama Hajime , Nakae Susumu , Inoue Hiromasa , Kubo Masato 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
We established a diphtheria toxin (DT)-based conditional deletion system using Il4 enhancer elements previously shown to be specific for IL-4 production in mast cells (MCs) or basophils (Mas-TRECK and Bas-TRECK mice). DT treatment of Bas-TRECK mice resulted in specific deletion of basophils, whereas both MCs and basophils were deleted in Mas-TRECK mice. DT-treated Mas-TRECK mice had impaired passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, IgE-mediated passive systemic anaphylaxis, and IgE-mediated chronic allergic inflammation, whereas DT-treated Bas-TRECK mice had impaired IgE-mediated chronic allergic inflammation. Using these mice, we also sought to tease out the role of MCs and basophils in airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Although MC deletion resulted in a slight increase in basal Ag-specific IgE levels and significant increases in basal IgE levels, we found that this deletion markedly impaired the AHR effector phase and was accompanied by decreased histamine levels. By contrast, basophil deletion had no effect on the AHR effector phase or on IgE production induced by systemic OVA immunization. Our results, using these newly established Mas-TRECK and Bas-TRECK models, demonstrated an indispensable role for MCs as effector cells in AHR.
Human γδ T Lymphocytes Are Licensed for Professional Antigen Presentation by Interaction with Opsonized Target Cells
Authors: Himoudi Nourredine , Morgenstern Daniel A. , Yan Mengyong , Vernay Bertrand , Saraiva Luisa , Wu Yin , Cohen Cyrille J. , Gustafsson Kenth , Anderson John 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Activated human blood γδ T cells have also been previously demonstrated to behave as professional APCs, although the processes that control APC function have not been characterized. n this study, we show that the acquisition of potent APC function by human blood γδ T cells is achieved after physical interaction with an Ab-coated target cell, a process that we refer to as licensing. In cancer models, licensing of γδ T cells by tumor-reactive mAbs promotes the uptake of tumor Ags and professional presentation to tumor-reactive αβ T cells. We propose that licensing by Ab is a mechanism whereby the adaptive properties of γδ T cells are induced by their innate functions in a spatially and temporally controlled manner.
Allergen-Specific CTL Require Perforin Expression To Suppress Allergic Airway Inflammation
Authors: Enomoto Noriyuki , Hyde Evelyn , Ma Joel Zhi-Iong , Yang Jianping , Forbes-Blom Elizabeth , Delahunt Brett , Le Gros Graham , Ronchese Franca 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAllergen-specific CTL have a protective effect on allergic airway inflammation, a function thought to be mediated by cytokines, especially IFN-γ. However, the contribution of cytotoxic function to this protective effect has not been investigated. We examined the contribution of cytotoxic function to the therapeutic effect of allergen-specific CTL in allergic airway inflammation. We used a murine model of allergic airway inflammation in which mice were sensitized to OVA and then challenged with the same Ag via the intranasal route. CTL were elicited in these mice by immunization with dendritic cells (DC) or by adoptive transfer of in vitro-activated CD8+ T cells. Hallmark features of allergic asthma, such as infiltration of eosinophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and mucus production, were assessed. Suppression of allergic airway inflammation by allergen-specific CTL was critically dependent on the expression of perforin, a key component of the cytotoxic machinery. Both perforin-sufficient and perforin-deficient allergen-specific CTL were recovered from the lungs of allergen-sensitized mice and upregulated CD69 expression and secreted the cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α upon intranasal allergen challenge. However, only perforin-sufficient CTL inhibited eosinophil infiltration in the airway, mucus production, and cytokine accumulation in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Treatment with allergen-specific CTL, but not their perforin-deficient counterparts, was also associated with a decrease in the number of DC in the mediastinal lymph node. Our data suggest that the cytotoxic function of allergen-specific CD8+ T cells is critical to their ability to moderate allergic airway inflammation.
The evaluation of the clinical, laboratory and the radiological fi ndings of the fi ft y-fi ve cases diagnosed with tuberculous, brucellar and pyogenic spondylodiscitis
Authors: Yasar Kadriye , Pehlivanoglu Filiz , Cicek Gulten , Sengoz Gonul 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTObjective: In this study, the evaluation of the clinical, laboratory and radiological findings belonging to 55 cases that were hospitalized in our clinic to be followed-up and were diagnosed with tuberculous, brucellar and pyogenic spondylodiscitis (SD) was aimed. Materials and Methods: The cases with SD were evaluated retrospectively. Hematological, serological, biochemical laboratory tests and imaging technics were used for diagnosis. Results: Of 55 cases aged ranging between 25 to 79, 33 (59%) were female. The cases with tuberculous SD (TBSD), brucellar SD (BSD) and pyogenic SD (PSD) were found in 24 (43%), 12 (21%) and in 19 (34%) patients.Erytrocyte sedimentation rate, increased C-reactive protein, and leucocytosis were present in 51 (91%), 22 (39%) and 8 (14%) cases. The number of the cases with history of previous surgery or trauma was 14 (25%). Diagnosis of TBSD was established by acid fast bacilli positiveness and Löwenstein Jensen culture positiveness, in two and seven patients, respectively. While all 12 cases with BSD had positive standard tube aglutination test, only 3 (25%) had hemoculture positivity. In PSDs, diagnosis was confirmed with culture positivity in 9 of 19 cases.Of the cases in our study, 89% responded to medical treatment while three required surgery and three died (5.5% and 5.5%, respectively). Conclusion: SD may develop secondary to infections or following spinal surgical procedures and traumas. Also, the importance of endemicity should be kept in mind, beside the helpful diagnostic findings while treatment regulation.
Cerebellar infarct with neurogenic pulmonary edema following viper bite
Authors: Gupta Salil , Tewari A.K. , Nair Velu 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTRussell′s viper (Daboia russelli) bites are well known to cause bleeding complications. However, thrombotic complications are rare. We present the case details of a female who was bitten by a Russell′s viper (Daboia russelli) in her village. She then developed features of envenomation in the form of hemorrhagic episodes. She received 27 vials of polyvalent anti-snake venom to which the hemorrhagic complications responded. After about 48 h of the bite she developed features of cerebellar infarct along with pulmonary edema which was in all probability neurogenic in origin. She was managed with mechanical ventilation and extra ventricular drainage with good recovery. We discuss the likely pathogenesis of the infarct and pulmonary edema occurring in a patient with viper bite and other features of envenomation.
Autophagy and mitochondria in Pompe disease: Nothing is so new as what has long been forgotten
Authors: Raben Nina , Wong Amanda , Ralston Evelyn , Myerowitz Rachel 
Published: January 2012

AbstractMacroautophagy (often referred to as autophagy) is an evolutionarily conserved intracellular system by which macromolecules and organelles are delivered to lysosomes for degradation and recycling. Autophagy is robustly induced in response to starvation in order to generate nutrients and energy through the lysosomal degradation of cytoplasmic components. Constitutive, basal autophagy serves as a quality control mechanism for the elimination of aggregated proteins and worn‐out or damaged organelles, such as mitochondria. Research during the last decade has made it clear that malfunctioning or failure of this system is associated with a wide range of human pathologies and age‐related diseases. Our recent data provide strong evidence for the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of Pompe disease, a lysosomal glycogen storage disease caused by deficiency of acid alpha‐glucosidase (GAA). Large pools of autophagic debris in skeletal muscle cells can be seen in both our GAA knockout model and patients with Pompe disease. In this review, we will focus on these recent data, and comment on the not so recent observations pointing to the involvement of autophagy in skeletal muscle damage in Pompe disease. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Endoscopic skull base surgery and its impact on sinonasal‐related quality of life
Authors: McCoul Edward D. , Anand Vijay K. , Bedrosian Jeffrey C. , Schwartz Theodore H. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackground:Endoscopic skull base surgery (ESBS) is considered a minimally‐invasive surgical modality with less morbidity and patient discomfort. Quality‐of‐life (QOL) assessments provide a patient‐reported estimate of well‐being that may be clinically relevant. Although the sinonasal tract is integral to ESBS, the change in sinonasal‐related QOL with ESBS has not been well studied. The aim of this study was to prospectively assess QOL before and after ESBS using validated outcome measures.Methods:Consecutive adult patients undergoing ESBS for anterior skull base lesions were prospectively enrolled from a tertiary referral center. Each patient was asked to complete the 22‐item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) and the Anterior Skull Base Questionnaire (ASBQ) preoperatively, and again at 3 weeks, 6 weeks, 12 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year postoperatively.Results:Eighty‐five patients were included for study, 44.7% of whom underwent ESBS for nonpituitary pathology. Mean SNOT‐22 scores transiently worsened in the early postoperative period, and significantly improved at 1 year after surgery (p < 0.01). Gross‐total tumor resection and use of autologous grafting materials were associated with improved SNOT‐22 scores at later time points (p < 0.05). Type of reconstruction, tumor pathology, and functionality did not affect QOL scores. Correlation between SNOT‐22 and ASBQ scores was good at all time points (r < −0.50). Cerebrospinal fluid leak and other complications were uncommon.Conclusion:ESBS does not have a detrimental long‐term effect and is associated with ultimate improvement in sinonasal‐related QOL. Short‐term impairments of sinonasal‐related QOL are predictable and self‐limited. Prospective assessment using sinonasal‐related and site‐specific QOL instruments provide complementary information about ESBS outcomes. © 2012 ARS‐AAOA, LLC.
Long‐term results after primary frontal sinus surgery
Authors: Naidoo Yuresh , Wen David , Bassiouni Ahmed , Keen Mark , Wormald Peter J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackground:The objectives of this study were to evaluate the long‐term frontal ostium patency rate and symptom improvement in patients undergoing primary endoscopic frontal sinusotomy (Draf 2A) and to assess the impact of patient factors, disease factors, and frontal ostium size on surgical outcomes.Methods:Retrospective chart review was used. Endoscopic assessment of frontal ostium patency and patient‐reported symptoms were prospectively collected on patients who underwent primary frontal sinusotomy between January 2003 and December 2009.Results:A total of 109 patients underwent primary endoscopic surgery on 210 frontal sinuses over the study period. The overall patency rate was 92%. Complete resolution of symptoms was noted in 85 patients (78%). Stenosis of the frontal sinus ostium correlated significantly with persistence of symptoms, infection, or polyp recurrence (p = 0.0066), and frontal ostium size (p < 0.03). No significant correlation could be found between the presence of eosinophilic mucin, asthma, polyposis, and smoking on patency or resolution of symptoms.Conclusion:To our knowledge, this is the largest study of primary endoscopic frontal sinus surgery in the literature. The technical and subjective measures of success are high. Frontal ostium size correlates with risk of stenosis of the frontal sinus. Patients with a stenosed frontal ostium and residual frontal sinus disease are more likely to be symptomatic or have endoscopic evidence of polyp recurrence or endoscopic evidence of persistent infection. Asthma, eosinophilic mucin chronic rhinosinusitis (EMCRS), allergy, and smoking do not appear to affect outcomes. © 2012 ARS‐AAOA, LLC.
What rhinologists and allergists should know about the medico‐legal implications of corticosteroid use: a review of the literature
Authors: Poetker David M. , Smith Timothy L. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackground:Corticosteroids are a mainstay of treatment in the management of sinonasal inflammatory disease. Despite their common use, many practitioners are not well versed in their potential complications or the medico‐legal ramifications of their use. The objectives of this review were to outline the existing data of the medico‐legal implications of oral steroids.Methods:An OVID database search of the terms “corticosteroids OR adrenal cortex hormones” AND “medico‐legal OR malpractice OR jurisprudence OR expert testimony OR informed consent” was performed. This search was then narrowed to English language articles and the titles and abstracts were searched for relevance.Results:The OVID search identified 178 articles. This search was then narrowed, resulting in 9 articles that were relevant and included in the current review. Five articles involved database reviews of litigation associated with medications. Steroids were found to be a common medication associated with litigation and the cost of the litigation involving steroid use can be very high. Common themes associated with the litigation include poor communication and lack of informed consent regarding steroid use. Several additional articles addressed single cases and many addressed lawsuit prevention.Conclusion:Lawsuits associated with steroids are disproportionately costly and most of the allegations stem from a lack of informed consent over the use of steroids. Open dialogue with patients is the key to informed consent. Ideally, clinicians should discuss the rationale for steroid use, and the risks, expected benefits, and alternatives of the steroid therapy. Document this discussion and consider providing educational material for the patient to read and review. © 2012 ARS‐AAOA, LLC.
Changing paradigms in frontal sinus cerebrospinal fluid leak repair
Authors: Jones Virginia , Virgin Frank , Riley Kristen , Woodworth Bradford A. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackground:Frontal sinus cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks have traditionally been repaired via open procedures (eg, osteoplastic flap or cranialization). Advancements in instrumentation, technique, and experience have improved the feasibility of repairing frontal sinus skull‐base defects using an endoscopic approach. This study describes endoscopic closure of frontal sinus CSF leaks focusing on management, surgical technique, and outcomes.Methods:Prospective evaluation of patients with skull‐base defects involving the frontal sinus was performed. Demographics, size of skull‐base defect, length involving the posterior table, successful closure, frontal sinus patency, and complications were recorded.Results:Over 3.5 years, 37 patients (average age 46 years) were treated for CSF leaks involving the frontal sinus by a single otolaryngologist. Etiologies included spontaneous (13), tumor (13), and trauma (11). Average defect size (length vs width) was 16.9 mm × 10.7 mm and average length involving the posterior table was 6.9 mm (range, 1–30 mm). Success rate on first attempt was 91.9% (34/37), but improved to 97.3% on subsequent endoscopic revision. One patient required a cranialization. The average follow‐up was 48 weeks. The nasoseptal flap was used for reconstruction in 27 patients. A Draf III procedure (ie, bilateral resection of the frontal sinus floor) was required in 14 subjects. Three patients were referred as a result of unsuccessful closure following cranializations; their CSF leaks were successfully repaired using endoscopic approaches. Two individuals required a subsequent endoscopic frontal sinus procedure, but have maintained long‐term patency following revision.Conclusion:Frontal sinus CSF leaks were successfully closed in 97.3% of individuals. Our data supports the routine use of endoscopic repair in the treatment algorithm for frontal sinus skull‐base defects. © 2012 ARS‐AAOA, LLC.
Micromechanical properties and ductile behavior of electrospun polystyrene nanofibers
Authors: Asran A. Sh. , Seydewitz V. , Michler G. H. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractUsing electrospinning technique polystyrene (PS) nanofibers in the thickness range from 150 to 800 nm have been produced. Electron microscope inspections reveal the relatively uniform thickness of the obtained fibers. The mechanical deformation mechanisms have been studied in tension tests using micro‐tensile devices for a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a transmission electron microscope (TEM). A characteristic change in the deformation behavior from the typical craze formation of PS to a micro necking and cold drawing has been found with decreasing fiber thickness. There is a surprisingly sharp fiber thickness limit between both deformation types in the range of 220–225 nm: nanofibers thicker than ∼ 225 nm deform with formation of crazes, nanofibers thinner than ∼ 225 nm show necking and cold drawing. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Preparation and characterization of magnetic nanofibers with iron oxide nanoparticles and poly(ethylene terephthalate)
Authors: Ahn Byung Wook , Kang Tae Jin 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIron oxide nanoparticle/Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) nanowebs were obtained by electrospinning. To achieve superparamagnetic properties, iron oxide nanoparticles with diameters below 25 nm were used. Diameter distribution of iron oxide nanoparticles was measured by a particle size analyzer. Iron oxide nanoparticles were added into 16 wt % PET solution in the ratio of 5, 10, and 15 wt % to PET. The morphology of iron oxide nanoparticle/PET nanowebs was observed using field emission‐scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The nanofiber diameter increased as increasing iron oxide nanoparticle concentration. The superparamagnetic behavior of iron oxide nanoparticle/PET nanofiber was confirmed using superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). The degree of crystallinity of iron oxide nanoparticle/PET nanowebs was calculated from a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) results. The change of flexural rigidity and tensile properties of electrospun iron oxide nanoparticle/PET nanowebs with the external magnetic field were examined ISO 9073‐7 testing method, universal testing machine and an appropriate magnet. Also, the elastic modulus of iron oxide nanoparticle/PET nanofiber was measured using nanoindentation. With applying magnetic field, the improvement in mechanical properties of field‐responsive magnetic nanofibers and nanowebs was confirmed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012