bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Passive smoking is a major determinant of exhaled nitric oxide levels in allergic asthmatic children
Authors: Laoudi Y. , Nikasinovic L. , Sahraoui F. , Grimfeld A. , Momas I. , Just J. 
Published: October 2009

To cite this article: Laoudi Y, Nikasinovic L, Sahraoui F, Grimfeld A, Momas I, Just J. Passive smoking is a major determinant of exhaled nitric oxide levels in allergic asthmatic children. Allergy 2010; 65: 491–497.AbstractBackground:  Fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is considered, by some authors, to be a treatment follow‐up parameter in allergic asthmatics. However, factors such as active smoking can influence NO production and must be taken into account in the interpretation of FeNO values. In children, the evidence in favour of an impact of passive smoking (PS) on FeNO values is controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of chronic PS on FeNO in allergic asthmatic children.Methods:  Seventy nontreated allergic asthmatic children over 5 years of age, exposed and unexposed to PS, underwent measurement of FeNO, spirometry, and allergic tests (skin prick tests, total and specific serum IgE, and blood eosinophilia). Children were considered to be exposed to PS when at least 1 cigarette per day was declared to be smoked at home.Results:  Geometric mean FeNO value in 22 children exposed to PS was 26.3 ± 1.5 ppb vs 56.3 ± 1.7 ppb in 48 children unexposed (P < 0.001). After adjustment for age, blood eosinophilia, allergic sensitizations, total IgE, dust mite sensitization and asthma severity, multivariate analysis showed that PS exposure was negatively associated with FeNO values (P = 0.0001) and was the primary determinant of FeNO variations.Conclusion:  Passive smoking lowers FeNO, and might be a major determinant of FeNO levels in nontreated allergic asthmatic children.
Anaphylaxis to Patent Blue V. II. A unique IgE‐mediated reaction
Authors: Johansson S. G. O. , Nopp A. , Öman H. , Stahl‐Skov P. , Hunting A. S. , Guttormsen A. B. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackground:  Patent Blue V (PBV) is injected in order to map sentinel nodes during cancer staging procedures. Anaphylactic reactions, allegedly IgE antibody mediated, have been reported. The aim of the study was to explore the immunological mechanism of anaphylaxis to PBV.Methods:  PBV allergen threshold basophil sensitivity, CD‐sens, was performed on cells from nine patients diagnosed as having had adverse reactions to PBV. The mechanisms of the CD‐sens were studied by immunological and immuno‐chemical methods.Results:  Five of the nine patients had a positive CD‐sens to PBV which was completely eliminated by washing the cells in phosphate buffered saline before allergen challenge. However, the positive CD‐sens was completely reconstituted by incubating the cells in plasma or serum of that patient or the other PBV‐anaphylactic patients for 15 min at room temperature. In some patients the factor mediating CD‐sens was completely or partially destroyed by heating at +56°C for 30 min or being exposed to the low pH used for elution from anti‐Ig columns. A 1000‐fold excess of monoclonal IgE blocked the reconstitution by approximately 50%.Conclusion:  Anaphylactic reactions to PBV are mediated by IgE antibodies giving a classical CD‐sens reaction. However, the allergenic configuration seems to constitute a structure completely dependent on PBV, as a hapten, linked to a, so far, unknown carrier that seems to be unique for patients having experienced a PBV‐induced reaction. Further studies are needed to characterize the postulated carrier.
Incidence of humoral sensitization in HLA partially mismatched hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Leffell M. S. , Cao K. , Coppage M. , Hansen J. A. , Hart J. M. , Pereira N. , Pereira S. , Reinsmoen N. L. , Senitzer D. , Smith A. , Torres M. , Vega R. , Fuchs E. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAs part of the 15th International Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics Workshop (IHIWS), seven centers participated in a collaborative project to determine whether any significant humoral sensitization occurred post‐transplant among recipients of HLA partially mismatched hematopoietic cell transplants (HCTs). A total of 140 donor/recipient pairs were enrolled with a total of 367 pre‐and post‐transplant sera analyzed. The majority of the samples (69.1%) were obtained within 30–90 days post‐HCT. HLA‐specific antibodies were defined using single antigen bead assays on a Luminex™ platform with a positive cutoff value of 1000 normalized median fluorescence intensity (MFI). There was an overall incidence of post‐HCT sensitization toward donor HLA mismatches of 5.7%; however, all cases were among recipients of one HLA haplotype‐mismatched grafts under nonmyeloablative, pre‐transplant conditioning. Among the one haplotype‐mismatched recipients, 15.7% (8/51) developed donor HLA‐specific antibodies and 29.4% also had antibodies directed toward third party HLA antigens. Among the donor‐specific antibodies, 9.8% were directed toward HLA class I antigens; 7.8% were against class II antigens; and 2.0% had both class I and II specificity. The relative strength of post‐transplant antibodies was low with no significant difference in the mean maximum MFI values between third party and donor‐specific antibodies. Because only a small number (10.2%) of the post‐transplant samples were obtained 180 days or more post‐HCT, longer term study is needed to evaluate any clinical relevance of these low‐to‐moderate levels of donor‐specific antibody in one haplotype‐mismatched recipients, as well as to determine whether any other antibodies occur at later times.
Predominant association of HLA‐B*2704 with ankylosing spondylitis in Chinese Han patients
Authors: Liu Y. , Jiang L. , Cai Q. , Danoy P. , Barnardo M. C. N. M. , Brown M. A. , Xu H. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract The HLA‐B27 subtypes have a varied racial and ethnic prevalence throughout the world. However, the association of B27‐subtypes with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in the mainland China is unknown. To determine the association of B27‐subtypes with AS in the Mainland Chinese Han population, a total of unrelated 153 patients with AS were enrolled in a large case‐control association study, and 1545 unrelated, healthy, ethnically matched blood donors were included as controls. The genotyping of B27 and its subtypes was performed using the polymerase chain reaction with sequence specific primers (PCR‐SSP). A total of 130 (84.97%) AS patients and 61 (3.95%) healthy controls were B27 positive. Three B27‐subtypes, B*2704, B*2705 and B*2710, were further identified, of which both B*2704 and B*2705 were strongly AS associated. B*2710 was only detected in one AS patient and two other healthy controls. Considering only B27‐positive cases and controls, a statistically different frequency of B27‐subtypes was observed, with an over‐representation of B*2704 (P = 0.018). B*2704 was clearly more strongly associated than B*2705 with AS [odds ratio (OR ) = 2.4, P = 0.011]. Furthermore, a combined analysis including three previous studies of B27‐subtype distributions in Chinese AS cases confirmed the stronger association of B*2704 with AS than B*2705 (OR = 2.5, P = 0.00094).
Population dynamics of Anarsia lineatella in relation to crop damage and the development of economic injury levels
Authors: Damos P. , Savopoulou‐Soultani M. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractDeveloping a relationship between pest abundance and damage to crops is essential for the calculation of economic injury levels (EILs) and to anticipate informed management decisions. Field studies were conducted for three successive years (2005, 2006 and 2007) in peach orchards of northern Greece to examine relationships between densities of Anarsia lineatella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) populations and peach (Prunus persica) yields. According to a linear regression model, the increase in moth’s densities during the 1st flight resulted in a significant reduction in yield (y = 0.436x + 10.22, R2 = 0.635, d.f. = 2,11, P < 0.05). Correlation of male moths captured during the 2nd flight and observed yield loss was significant (y = 0.5231x + 17.204, R2 = 0.792, d.f. = 2,11, P < 0.05). Moreover, according to a linear model by counting the number of shoot strikes, during the first observation period, a forthcoming yield loss can be estimated (y = 27.389x−6.304, R2 = 0.711, d.f. 2,11, F = 22.09, P < 0.05). A significant relationship was observed between the numbers of the 2nd generation larvae and yield loss (y = 163x, R2 = 0.890). Regression coefficient of the above function represents yield loss per pest and was applied in the calculation of EIL’s and fixed Economic thresholds (ET’s). In addition, parameter of the price commodity was estimated for 2009 by applying stochastic autoregressive moving average model. By integrating above information, EIL and fixed ET estimated as 112 larvae and 84 larvae per sampling unit for a mean value (€4/0.1 ha) of cost management tactics and a 90% efficacy.
Increasing distribution and damage to palms by the Neotropical whitefly,Aleurotrachelus atratus(Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)
Authors: Borowiec N. , Quilici S. , Martin J. , Issimaila M. A. , Chadhouliati A. C. , Youssoufa M. A. , Beaudoin‐Ollivier L. , Delvare G. , Reynaud B. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn recent years, the coconut whitefly,Aleurotrachelus atratusHempel, has been recorded from various islands in the southwestern Indian Ocean. Field surveys in La Réunion, the Seychelles, the Comoros and glasshouses in Paris have allowed us to record this whitefly on 56 palm species, some of which are endemic and/or threatened species. Most of trees showed low infestation levels, except for the coconut palm that is its main host plant. Such a wide host range has facilitated the rapid geographical dissemination of this whitefly. A field study was conducted in 2006 in La Réunion, to gain a better understanding of the bioecology ofA. atratusin a tropical insular ecosystem. The whitefly was found throughout the island, from sea level to 800‐m altitude. Five parasitoid species (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) were found associated with the populations of this pest, withEretmocerus cocoisDelvare being the dominant one. A laboratory study showed that the pre‐imaginal development ofA. atratusis around 48 days at 25–27°C, which is relatively long compared to other whitefly species. With a sex ratio of one male per 1022 females collected in La Réunion, it appears that the whitefly reproduces by thelytoky. It represents a threat to ornamental and agricultural palms as well as to natural palm ecosystems in the absence of effective parasitoids.
Feeding ecology of granivorous carabid larvae: a stable isotope analysis
Authors: Sasakawa K. , Ikeda H. , Kubota T. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAlthough most carabids are primarily carnivorous, some carabid species are omnivorous, with mainly granivorous feeding habits during the larval and/or adult stages (granivorous carabids). This feeding habit has been established based on laboratory and field experiments; however, our knowledge of the feeding ecology of these beetles in the field is limited owing to the lack of an appropriate methodology. In this study, we tested the utility of stable isotope analysis in investigations of the feeding ecology of granivorous carabids in the field, using two closely related syntopic species,Amara chalcitesandAmara congrua. We addressed two issues concerning the feeding ecology of granivorous carabids: food niche differentiation between related syntopic species during the larval stage and the effect on adult body size of supplementing seeds with an animal diet during the larval stage. To investigate larval feeding habits, we analysed newly emerged adults, most somatic tissues of which are considered of larval origin. In the two populations examined, both δ15N and δ13C were significantly higher inA. chalcitesthanA. congrua, suggesting that the two species differentiate food niches, withA. chalciteslarvae being more carnivorous thanA. congrualarvae. The two isotope ratios ofA. chalcitessamples from one locality were positively correlated with body size, suggesting that more carnivorous larvae become larger adults. However, this relationship was not detected in other species/locality groups. Thus, our results were inconclusive on the issue of diet supplementation. Nevertheless, overall, these results are comparable with those of previous laboratory‐rearing experiments and demonstrate the potential utility of stable isotope analysis in field studies on the feeding ecology of granivorous carabids.
Season‐long mating disruption of citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton, with an emulsified wax formulation of pheromone
Authors: Stelinski L. L. , Lapointe S. L. , Meyer W. L. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), is a major worldwide pest of citrus. Larval feeding by this insect facilitates proliferation of citrus bacterial canker, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri. Herein, we describe a season‐long disruption trial of P. citrella with a newly developed, emulsified wax dispenser of pheromone (SPLAT‐CLMTM). A formulation containing a 3 : 1 blend of (Z,Z,E)‐7,11,13‐hexadecatrienal:(Z,Z)‐7,11‐hexadecadienal at a 0.2% loading rate of active ingredient by weight and deployed twice per season (24 weeks total) at 490 g of formulation/ha caused season‐long disruption of male moth catch in pheromone traps as well as reduced leaf infestation. Analysis of pheromone release from dispensers by gas chromatography revealed that effective disruption of P. citrella occurred at a deployment rate of 126 μg of (Z,Z,E)‐7,11,13‐hexadecatrienal/ha/h. Direct observation of moth behaviour in the field suggested that disruption by this formulation occurred by a non‐competitive mechanism. A formulation of the 3 : 1 attractive blend at a 0.02% pheromone loading rate caused only 2–6 weeks of disruption per deployment and did not reduce leaf infestation during mid and end of the season evaluations. A formulation containing 0.2% of (Z,Z)‐7,11‐hexadecadienal alone and deployed at 490 g/ha caused 6–7 weeks of moth disruption to pheromone traps and did not prevent leaf infestation, while an identical formulation loaded with 0.02% (w/w) of (Z,Z)‐7,11‐hexadecadienal alone had no effect on P. citrella orientation to pheromone traps. The SPLAT formulation evaluated herein appears to be an excellent release device for (Z,Z,E)‐7,11,13‐hexadecatrienal given that approximately 100 days of steady release occurred following an initial brief (ca. 7 days) burst of higher release. The advantages of SPLAT as a formulation for P. citrella disruption include low cost of manufacturing, biodegradable and weather resistant characteristics, and flowability allowing machine application. Mating disruption should be an effective alternative to insecticides for management of P. citrella and may reduce the incidence of citrus canker.
Parent‐assisted or nurse‐assisted epidural analgesia: is this feasible in pediatric patients?
Authors: BIRMINGHAM PATRICK K. , SURESH SANTHANAM , AMBROSY ANDREW , PORFYRIS SUZANNE 
Published: October 2009

SummaryAim:  The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of parent‐assisted or nurse‐assisted epidural analgesia (PNEA) for control of postoperative pain in a pediatric surgical population.Methods:  After the institutional review board (IRB) approval was obtained, an analysis of our pain treatment services database of pediatric surgical patients with epidural catheters in whom the parent and/or nurse were empowered to activate the epidural demand‐dose button was evaluated.Results:  Over a 10 ‐year period between 1999 and 2008, 128 procedures in 126 patients were provided parent or nurse assistance of the epidural demand dose. Satisfactory analgesia was obtained in 86% of patients with no or minor adjustments in PNEA parameters. Fourteen percent of patients were converted to intravenous patient‐controlled analgesia (PCA) for inadequate analgesia (7%) or side effects (7%). None of the patients in this cohort required treatment for respiratory depression or excessive sedation.Conclusions:  Parent‐assisted or nurse‐assisted epidural analgesia can be safely administered to children undergoing surgery who are physically or cognitively unable or unwilling to self‐activate a demand dose. Additional studies are needed to compare the efficacy of PNEA with other modalities for postoperative pain control in children.
Epinephrine test dose in children: is it interpretable on ECG monitor?
Authors: VARGHESE ELSA , DEEPAK KAVARAGANAHALLI MUKUNDARAO , RAGHAVA CHOWDARY KONERU VEERA 
Published: October 2009

SummaryBackground:  Epidural and other regional blocks are performed in children under general anesthesia; the response to a ‘test dose’ may be altered during administration of general anesthetics. Limited data is available describing changes in electrocardiogram, blood pressure and heart rate (HR) following unintentional intravascular injection of a lidocaine–epinephrine‐containing test dose, under sevoflurane anesthesia in children.Methods:  Sixty‐eight children undergoing elective surgeries under sevoflurane anesthesia were administered 0.1 ml·kg−1 of 1% lidocaine with epinephrine 0.5 μg·kg−1 or normal saline intravenously, to simulate an accidental intravascular test dose. T‐wave changes in lead II on the anesthesia monitor and on a printed ECG were noted over the initial 1 min as well as changes in HR and systolic blood pressure (SBP) over an initial 3 min period.Results:  Following injection of lidocaine–epinephrine, a significant increase in T‐wave amplitude in lead II was noted in 91% of children on the ECG monitor and in 94% of children on the ECG printout of the same lead. In 64% of children, an increase in HR of ≥10 b·min−1 and in 76% of children an increase in SBP of ≥15 mmHg was noted.Conclusion:  An increase in T‐wave amplitude can easily be detected by carefully observing the ECG monitor or an ECG printout within a minute following the accidental i.v. administration of 0.1 ml·kg−1 of 1% lidocaine‐epinephrine (0.5 μg·kg−1) regional anesthetic test dose in children under sevoflurane anesthesia.
Laparoscopic transperitoneal radical prostatectomy in renal transplant recipients: a review of the literature
Authors: Maestro Mario Álvarez , Gómez Angel Tabernero , Alonso y Gregorio Sergio , Ledo Jesús Cisneros , De La Peña Barthel Javier , Martínez‐Piñeiro Luis 
Published: October 2009

OBJECTIVESTo report our experience with laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) for the treatment of localized prostate carcinoma in two renal transplant recipients and a review of the literature.PATIENTS AND METHODSWe retrospectively identified all patients who had undergone LRP for clinically localized prostate cancer between 2002 and 2008 at our institution (n = 1150). Of these patients, two were renal transplant recipients (one with donor renal transplant cadaver and the other with prior transplantectomy). We reviewed all available clinicopathological data and the scientific literature.RESULTSThe two patients underwent successful LRP with no major complications. The mean (range) operative time was 200 (180–220) min with a mean estimated blood loss of 300 (200–400) mL. There were no changes in renal graft function as measured by serum creatinine level. At pathology, the surgical margins were negative and disease was organ‐confined in each case. The two patients tolerated the procedure well and had a mean (range) hospital stay of 3.5  (3–4) days.CONCLUSIONSThe data from our two patients suggest that LRP, as an accepted minimally invasive treatment for a middle‐aged man with organ‐confined prostate cancer, is a technically feasible and safe treatment of localized prostate cancer in renal transplant recipients.
Type 2 diabetes but not metabolic syndrome is associated with an increased risk of lower urinary tract symptoms and erectile dysfunction in men aged <45 years
Authors: Wang Chung Cheng , Chancellor Michael B. , Lin Jyh Ming , Hsieh Jui Hsiang , Yu Hong Jeng 
Published: October 2009

Study Type – Prognosis (case series) Level of Evidence 4OBJECTIVETo investigate the association of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and erectile dysfunction (ED) in Taiwanese men aged <45 years.PATIENTS, SUBJECTS AND METHODSVoiding and erectile function in 226 men with T2DM, at one diabetes clinic, and 183 healthy men with normal fasting blood glucose levels, were compared. Participants were evaluated using the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), the five‐item version of the International Index of Erectile Function questionnaire (IIEF‐5), and measurements of flow rate and postvoid residual urine volume. The association of metabolic syndrome with LUTS and ED was also evaluated.RESULTSThe mean (sd, range) age of the patients was 38.9 (6.1, 20–45) years and the mean duration of diabetes was 2.8 (3.1, 0.5–20) years. Compared with controls, men with T2DM had a significantly mean (sd) higher IPSS, of 6.1 (5.8) vs 4.1 (4.6) (P < 0.001), an increased of odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of having moderate to severe LUTS of 1.78 (1.12–2.84) (P = 0.01), greater voiding volume of 376 (177) vs 326 (102) mL (P = 0.04), a worse IIEF‐5 score of 17.3 (6.4) vs 20.0 (3.8) (P < 0.001), an increased of odds ratio of having moderate to severe ED of 3.5 (2.1–5.8) (P < 0.001) but a similar maximum flow rate and postvoid residual. The IIEF‐5 score was negatively correlated with the IPSS (P < 0.0001, coefficient = −0.23, 0.35–0.11) and glycosylated haemoglobin (P = 0.02, coefficient = −0.14, 0.26–0.01). In all, 156 (69%) patients met the criteria for metabolic syndrome. The mean age, duration of diabetes, glycosylated haemoglobin, IPSS, voided volume, maximum urinary flow rate and IIEF‐5 score were similar between patients with and without metabolic syndrome.CONCLUSIONSMen with T2DM and aged <45 years had more LUTS but a similar bladder emptying function than the controls. ED was highly prevalent and was associated with the severity of LUTS. Metabolic syndrome did not aggravate the severity of LUTS, emptying function or ED in the early stage of DM.
When Getting Something Good is Bad: Even Three‐year‐olds React to Inequality
Authors: LoBue Vanessa , Nishida Tracy , Chiong Cynthia , DeLoache Judy S. , Haidt Jonathan 
Published: October 2009

AbstractFairness is central to morality. Previous research has shown that children begin to understand fairness between the ages of four and six, depending on the context and method used. Within distributive contexts, there is little clear evidence that children have a concept of fairness before the age of five. This research, however, has mostly examined children's explicit verbal responses to questions about unequal distributions—a method that often underestimates children's knowledge. In the current study, we instead examined emotional and behavioral signs that children notice and dislike inequality. We distributed an unequal number of rewards (stickers) among pairs of children (the ages of three to five years) and probed their responses to the inequality. Both implicit and explicit measures revealed that children as young as three years old notice and react negatively to an unfair distribution, particularly when they receive less than their partner. The few age trends that were found involved verbal (explicit) responses, providing evidence that although children do not explicitly talk about fairness until the age of five or six, this talk is an effort to explain emotional reactions that emerged earlier in development.