bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strong and Tough MXene Bridging‐induced Conductive Nacre
Authors: Yan Jia , Zhou Tianzhu , Yang Xinyu , Zhang Zejun , Li Lei , Zou Zhaoyong , Fu Zhengyi , Cheng Qunfeng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNacre is a classic model, providing an inspiration for fabricating high‐performance bulk nanocomposites with the two‐dimensional platelets. However, the “brick” of nacre, aragonite platelet, is an ideal building block for making high‐performance bulk nanocomposites. Herein, we demonstrated a strong and tough conductive nacre through reassembling aragonite platelets with bridged by MXene nanosheets and hydrogen bonding, not only providing high mechanical properties but also excellent electrical conductivity. The flexural strength and fracture toughness of the obtained conductive nacre reach ~282 MPa and ~6.3 MPa m1/2, which is 1.6 and 1.6 times higher than that of natural nacre, respectively. These properties are attributed to densification and high orientation degree of the conductive nacre, which is effectively induced by the combined interactions of hydrogen bonding and MXene nanosheets bridging. The crack propagations in conductive nacre are effectively inhibited through crack deflection with hydrogen bonding, and MXene nanosheets bridging between aragonite platelets. In addition, our conductive nacre also provides a self‐monitoring function for structural damage and offers exceptional electromagnetic interference shielding performance. Our strategy of reassembling the aragonite platelets exfoliated from waste nacre into high‐performance artificial nacre, provides an avenue for fabricating high‐performance bulk nanocomposites through the sustainable reutilization of shell resources.
Strong Swelling and Symmetrization in Siliceous Zeolites due to Hydrogen Insertion at High Pressure
Authors: Santoro Mario , Rouquette Jérôme , Fabbiani Marco , di Renzo Francesco , Coasne Benoît , Dong Weiwei , Glazyrin Konstantin , Haines Julien 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHydrogen and helium saturate the 1D pore systems of the high‐silica (Si/Al>30) zeolites Theta‐One (TON), and Mobile‐Twelve (MTW) at high pressure based on x‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and Monte Carlo simulations. In TON, a strong 22 % volume increase occurs above 5 GPa with a transition from the collapsed P21 to a symmetrical, swelled Cmc21 form linked to an increase in H2 content from 12 H2/unit cell in the pores to 35 H2/unit cell in the pores and in the framework of the material. No transition and continuous collapse of TON is observed in helium indicating that the mechanism of H2 insertion is distinct from other fluids. The insertion of hydrogen in the larger pores of MTW results in a strong 11 % volume increase at 4.3 GPa with partial symmetrization followed by a second volume increase of 4.5 % at 7.5 GPa, corresponding to increases in hydrogen content from 43 to 67 and then to 93 H2/unit cell. Flexible 1D siliceous zeolites have a very high H2 capacity (1.5 and 1.7 H2/SiO2 unit for TON and MTW, respectively) due to H2 insertion in the pores and the framework, in contrast to other atoms and molecules, thereby providing a mechanism for strong swelling.
Hidden Impurities Generate False Positives in Single Atom Catalyst Imaging
Authors: Allasia Nicolò , Collins Sean Michael , Ramasse Quentin Mathieu , Vilé Gianvito 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSingle‐atom catalysts (SACs) are an emerging class of materials, leveraging maximum atom utilization and distinctive structural and electronic properties to bridge heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis. Direct imaging methods, such as aberration‐corrected high‐angle annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy, are commonly applied to confirm the atomic dispersion of active sites. However, interpretations of data from these techniques can be challenging due to simultaneous contributions to intensity from impurities introduced during synthesis processes, as well as any variation in position relative to the focal plane of the electron beam. To address this matter, this paper presents a comprehensive study on two representative SACs containing isolated nickel or copper atoms. Spectroscopic techniques, including X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, were employed to prove the high metal dispersion of the catalytic atoms. Employing scanning transmission electron microscopy imaging combined with single‐atom‐sensitive electron energy loss spectroscopy, we scrutinized thin specimens of the catalysts to provide an unambiguous chemical identification of the observed single‐atom species and thereby distinguish impurities from active sites at the single‐atom level. Overall, the study underscores the complexity of SACs characterization and establishes the importance of the use of spectroscopy in tandem with imaging at atomic resolution to fully and reliably characterize single‐atom catalysts.
On Tautomerism and Amphoterism: An In‐Depth Structural and Physicochemical Characterization of Ammeline and Some of Its Salts
Authors: Koller Thaddäus J. , Endraß Simon M. J. , Rösch Markus , Witthaut Kristian , Klapötke Thomas M. , Schnick Wolfgang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAmmeline is a simple, readily available, molecular compound, which has been known for nearly 200 years. Despite that, no proper structural characterization of ammeline has been conducted so far. For this reason, the prevalent tautomeric form of ammeline in the solid remained unknown to this date. In the course of this study, its crystal structure was finally established by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. In this structure, ammeline is exclusively found as its 4,6‐diamino‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2(1H)‐one tautomer and adopts layered structure with an exceptionally high hydrogen bond density. Ammeline shows an interesting amphoteric behavior. Therefore, the synthesis and structural characterization of some of its salts were carried out to investigate the influence of the protonation degree on its molecular structure. In particular, the crystal structure of silver ammelinate monohydrate was solved as the first reported structure containing deprotonated ammeline. Moreover, the crystal structures of three different modifications of ammelinium perchlorate were elucidated and the transformation conditions between them were studied. Lastly, the crystal structure of ammelinediium diperchlorate monohydrate, containing unprecedented doubly protonated ammeline, was determined. The products’ thermal behavior was studied by differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. The perchlorate salts were additionally examined for their potential as insensitive high‐energy‐density materials.
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of 2‐Aryl Thiazolines from 4‐Hydroxybenzaldehydes Using Vanillyl Alcohol Oxidases
Authors: Zhang Haowen , Xie Shuhan , Yang Jun , Ye Ning , Gao Feng , Gallou Fabrice , Gao Lei , Lei Xiaoguang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNitrogen heterocycles are commonly found in bioactive natural products and drugs. However, the biocatalytic tools for nitrogen heterocycle synthesis are limited. Herein, we report the discovery of vanillyl alcohol oxidases (VAOs) as efficient biocatalysts for the one‐pot synthesis of 2‐aryl thiazolines from various 4‐hydroxybenzaldehydes and aminothiols. The wild‐type biocatalyst features a broad scope of 4‐hydroxybenzaldehydes. Though the scope of aminothiols is limited, it could be improved via semi‐rational protein engineering, generating a variant to produce previously inaccessible cysteine‐derived bioactive 2‐aryl thiazolines using the wild‐type VAO. Benefiting from the derivatizable functional groups in the enzymatic products, we further chemically modified these products to expand the chemical space, offering a new chemoenzymatic strategy for the green and efficient synthesis of structurally diverse 2‐aryl‐thiazoline derivatives to prompt their use in drug discovery and catalysis.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Cyclopentenes by (3+2) Annulation via a 2‐Carbon Phosphonium
Authors: Seitz Antonia , Maddigan‐Wyatt Jeremy T. , Cao Jing , Breugst Martin , Lupton David W. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHerein we report a catalytic enantioselective (3+2) annulation, in which a vinyl phosphonium intermediate serves as the 2‐carbon component. The reaction involves an α‐umpolung β‐umpolung coupling sequence, enabled by β‐haloacrylates and chiral enantioenriched phosphepine catalysts. The reaction shows good generality, providing access to an array of cyclopentenes, with mechanistic studies supporting stereospecific formation of the vinyl phosphonium intermediate which, then undergoes annulation with turn over limiting catalyst elimination. Beyond defining a new approach to cyclopentenes, these studies demonstrate that β‐haloacrylates can replace ynoates in reaction designs that require exclusive umpolung coupling at the α‐ and β‐positions.
Effect of concave‐wall jets with circumferential multi‐inlet on liquid–solid separation
Authors: Zhang Jing , Jiang Zhexuan , Hou Wenhao , Jian Aibo , Li Yaxia , Tian Zhiguo , Gong Bin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study combined numerical simulation and experiment to explore the influence of the concave‐wall jets with uniformly distributed tangential inlets in the cyclone separator on the liquid–solid separation characteristics and equipment. The results show that as the number of tangential inlets increases, the superposition effect of particle trajectories and flow fields becomes more significant. The superimposed flow field enhances the circumferential flow velocity of the fluid, causing the distribution of the jet along the radial and spanwise directions to shrink, greatly improving the uniformity of particle distribution and turbulent kinetic energy along the circumference, and effectively reducing the impact of particles on local areas near the jet inlet. Since the superposition of circumferential multi‐inlet jets enhances the swirling flow, the local disturbance and wall erosion effects near the jet inlet were reduced. Compared with double inlets, the flow rates of three inlets and four inlets were increased by 50% and 100%, respectively, the maximum turbulent kinetic energy increased by 14.5% and 56.2%, and the maximum escape time of particles was shortened by 3.2 and 3.3 s, respectively, the maximum erosion rates were reduced by 38.4% and 23.6%, respectively, and the separation efficiency and material handling capacity were significantly improved. This study supplemented the theory of concave‐wall jets' superposition characteristics and provided a theoretical basis for applying circumferential multi‐inlet devices in liquid–solid separation equipment.
Supercapacitor performance enhancement with the BaS3:Cu2S:Mn2S trichalcogenide semiconductor synthesized via dithiocarbamate precursors
Authors: Ahmad Khuram Shahzad , Jaffri Shaan Bibi , Makawana Bhumikaben , Gupta Ram K. , Ashraf Ghulam Abbas , Alotaibi Nouf H. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDue to its potential uses, including e‐vehicles, electrochemical energy storage has attracted a lot of interest from the scientific community and energy stakeholders. With the usage of the novel semiconductor chalcogenide BaS3:Cu2S:Mn2S, which is synthesized by chelating with diethyldithiocarbamate ligand, the current work seeks to enhance the performance of charge‐storage devices. An energy band gap of 2.57 eV was found for this semiconductor, which showed remarkable photoactivity. The chalcogenide that was produced had favorable crystallinity, with an average crystallite size of 26.92 nm and mixed crystalline phases. Additionally, metallic sulfide linkages were identified using infrared spectroscopy, and they were reported to range from 400 to 845 cm−1. Thermal breakdown in two steps was verified using thermogravimetric analysis. Particles with different forms and a rod‐like fusion suggested a higher volume–surface area ratio and many locations. The electrochemical performance of the BaS3:Cu2S:Mn2S was evaluated using a traditional three‐electrode setup with a background electrolyte of 1‐M KOH. BaS3:Cu2S:Mn2S is a great electrode material for energy storage applications, with a specific power density of 10 618 W kg−1 and a specific capacitance of up to 694 F g−1. The same series resistance (Rs) = 0.46 Ω further supported this remarkable electrochemical performance.
Advancing the science and practice of rare plant conservation with the Center for Plant Conservation Reintroduction Database
Authors: Bellis Joe , Albrecht Matthew A. , Maschinski Joyce , Osazuwa‐Peters Oyomoare , Stanley Tina , Heineman Katherine D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPremiseReintroductions or translocations are an increasingly important activity to recover and conserve at‐risk plant species. Yet because many are not published in the scientific literature, learning from previous attempts may often require considerable time and effort. The Center for Plant Conservation Reintroduction Database (CPCRD; https://saveplants.org/reintroduction-database/), a new centralized and standardized repository of U.S.‐based plant reintroductions, aims to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of accessing data on rare plant reintroductions.MethodsThe CPCRD is the product of multiple efforts to assemble information on rare plant reintroductions in the United States. The database comprises a wealth of standardized data on the key stages of a reintroduction, from the planning and implementation phases, to monitoring and management techniques.ResultsThe CPCRD is a dynamic resource, allowing data contributors to continually update their entries as projects progress. While contributions are ongoing, the CPCRD currently includes 460 projects involving 201 plant taxa, spanning diverse growth forms, ecosystems, and regions.DiscussionThe CPCRD and its well‐documented and monitored projects provide a valuable practical resource for conservation practitioners, and have supported multiple scientific studies and contributed to the internationally recognized Center for Plant Conservation Best Practices Guidelines.
An improved Bayesian filter for nonlinear systems under multistep randomly delayed and lost measurements
Authors: Zhang Wenbo , Cheng Guorui , Song Shenmin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article addresses the Bayesian filtering problem for a class of nonlinear systems under multistep randomly delayed and lost measurements. A new measurement model is established that can characterize the random delay and loss of measurement data. First, an augmented Gaussian mixture filter framework is developed in the case of random delay of measurement data; the posterior probability density function after state augmentation is calculated by marginalizing over delay variables to extract accurate information from delayed measurements. The implementation of the filter is transformed into the computation of nonlinear numerical integrals. Second, under the proposed framework, novel expressions of the mean and covariance are generated by propagating the measurement taken at the previous moment in the event of no new measurement being received. Finally, we present two simulation examples for estimating system states, and the results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of our proposed filter.
Objective measurement of movement variability using wearable sensors predicts ASD outcomes in infants at high likelihood for ASD and ADHD
Authors: Wilson Rujuta B. , Vangala Sitaram , Reetzke Rachel , Piergies Antonia , Ozonoff Sally , Miller Meghan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEarly motor delays and differences are common among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Yet, little work has shown whether there are early atypical motor signs that differentiate these groups. Quantitative measures of movement variability hold promise for improving the identification of subtle and specific differences in motor function among infants and toddlers at high likelihood for ASD and ADHD. To this end, we created a novel quantitative measure of movement variability (movement curvature) and conducted a preliminary investigation as to whether this measure improves outcome predictions. We used a wearable triaxial accelerometer to evaluate continuous motion‐based activity in infants at high and low likelihood for ASD and ADHD at 12, 18, 24, and 36 months of age. At 36 months, participants were categorized into three outcome groups: ASD (n = 19), ADHD concerns (n = 17), and a comparison group (n = 82). We examined group differences in movement curvature and whether movement curvature is predictive of a later ASD or ADHD concerns classification. We found that movement curvature was significantly lower in infants with later ASD diagnosis at 18, 24, and 36 months of age compared to infants with either ADHD concerns or those in the comparison group. Movement curvature was also a significant predictor of ASD at 18, 24, and 36 months (AUC 0.66–0.71; p = 0.005–0.039) and when adjusting for high ASD likelihood at 18 and 24 months (AUC 0.90, p = 0.05–0.019). These results indicate that lower movement curvature may be a feature of early motor differences in infants with later ASD diagnosis as early as 18 months of age.
Arsenic Treatment Using Electrolytic Ferrous Reagent to Replace Bulk Ferric Chloride
Authors: Dozortsev Vladimir , Sanchez Roy 
Published: May 2024

Key TakeawaysAs federal maximum contaminant level (MCL) recommendations for arsenic in drinking water are being reviewed, US utilities are preparing for more stringent regulations.If faced with reducing its treated water's arsenic concentration to 5 μg/L, the City of Alamosa, Colo., would need to increase its ferric chloride dose—raising supply, cost, and operational concerns.To avoid these issues, the city explored a new technology that generates a ferrous reagent via an in situ electrolytic process to replace bulk ferric chloride.The electrolytic ferrous reagent removed arsenic to below 5 μg/L, reduced permeate manganese levels, and improved effluent quality with a far lower coagulant dose.
Exploring teachers' strategies for navigating compulsory digital transformations in Danish primary and lower secondary schools
Authors: Laursen Ronni 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study employs Bourdieu's theory of practice to analyse 31 interviews with teachers, principals and administrators. I explore the strategies teachers use to handle the mandatory enactment of a Learning Management System (LMS) in Danish primary and lower secondary schools. Teachers are categorised into three groups: those mainly focused on teaching, those with digital responsibilities and those representing the Danish Teachers' Union. The findings reveal three distinct strategies adopted by these groups of teachers. Firstly, teachers solely focused on teaching developed a strategy of resistance, avoiding the use of the LMS in their daily teaching. In contrast, the other two groups of teachers responded to the changes by accumulating either digital or managerial capital to enhance their skills. This latter strategy positioned them as key figures in the eyes of local management, preparing them for advancement. Furthermore, since enhancing skills entails collaborating closely with management, it naturally leads these teachers to support the enactment of the LMS through their actions in the schools. The findings contribute to theoretical development and provide insights into teachers' practices when required to enact change in school.
Extraction of cellulose from halophytic plants for the synthesis of a novel biocomposite
Authors: Ejaz Uroosa , Shafquat Yusra , Sohail Muhammad , Shaikh Aizaz Ahmed , Arain Muhammad Daniyal , Ahmed Tehmees , Alanazi Abdullah K. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCellulose nanofibers, a sustainable and promising material with widespread applications, exhibit appreciable strength and excellent mechanical and physicochemical properties. The preparation of cellulosic nanofibers from food or agricultural residue is not sustainable. Therefore, this study was designed to use three halophytic plants (Cressa cretica, Phragmites karka, andSuaeda fruticosa) to extract cellulose for the subsequent conversion to cellulosic nanofibers composites. The other extracted biomass components including lignin, hemicellulose, and pectin were also utilized to obtain industrially valuable enzymes. The maximum pectinase (31.56 IU mL−1), xylanase (35.21 IU mL−1), and laccase (15.89 IU mL−1) were produced after the fermentation of extracted pectin, hemicellulose, and lignin fromS. fruticosa,P. karka, andC. cretica, respectively. Cellulose was methylated (with a degree of substitution of 2.4) and subsequently converted into a composite using polyvinyl alcohol. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the successful synthesis of the composites. The composites made up of cellulose fromC. creticaandS. fruticosahad a high tensile strength (21.5 and 15.2 MPa) and low biodegradability (47.58% and 44.56%, respectively) after dumping for 3 months in soil, as compared with the composite fromP. karka(98.79% biodegradability and 4.9 MPa tensile strength). Moreover, all the composites exhibited antibacterial activity against gram‐negative bacteria (Escherichia coliandKlebsiella pneumoniae) and gram‐positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus). Hence, this study emphasizes the possibility for various industrial applications of biomass from halophytic plants.
A rare presentation of BCR‐ABL1 and RUNX1‐MECOM rearrangement in a pediatric patient with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Alamri Ragdah M. , Alanazi Maryam , AlRajeh Rajeh K. , Tashkandi Suha A. , Alswayyed Azizah F. , Samman Manar A. , Peer‐Zada Abdul Ali 
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical MessageIn a patient with de novo AML, co‐existing BCR::ABL1 p190 isoform and RUNX1::MECOM rearrangement is accompanied by a very poor prognosis including limited response to treatment and no molecular remission. It is essential to develop a consensus on the therapeutic modalities different from the current regimen.AbstractAcquisition of BCR::ABL1 fusion as a primary or secondary event and RUNX1::MECOM fusion independently is reported in de novo and therapy‐related MDS/AML, albeit with low frequency (<0.5%). Coexistence of BCR::ABL1 and MECOM translocation is known to cause leukemogenesis in animal models and progression towards blast crisis CML but not AML. Here we report a unique case of pediatric AML with concomitant BCR::ABL1 and RUNX1::MECOM fusion.Routine diagnostic work‐up included WBC manual differential, immunophenotype, morphology, qPCR, FISH, and NGS‐based CNV analyses. The patient presented with history of fever, dizziness, fatigue, gingival bleeding, and epistaxis associated with ecchymosis in right hand and heavy, prolonged menstrual period. At presentation, her hemoglobin was 5.3 g/dL, WBC 52.1(10*9/L), PLT 10(10*9/L), ESR 5 mm/h and LDH 2658 U/L. Bone marrow was hypercellular with 71% blasts, and flow cytometry showed myeloid markers including CD11c, CD33, CD34, and CD45 among others indicating AML with monocytic differentiation. FISH analyses showed variant t(9;22) (q34.1;q11.1), one additional copy each of chromosome 8 and Runx1 gene, while NGS‐based CNV analyses revealed a terminal and proximal pathogenic gain within 9q34.12q34.3 and 22q11.1q11.23, respectively, and gain of entire chromosome 8 and 12 in mosaic state. qPCR confirmed the presence of p190 and also revealed RUNX1::MECOM fusion. Patient received ADE (cytarabine, daunorubicin, and etoposide) induction regimen but required multiple ICU admissions due to sepsis, cardiac shock, acute myocarditis, and thyroiditis. Coexisting BCR::ABL1 and RUNX1::MECOM fusion is suggestive of poor prognosis, and a need for consensus on the treatment modalities other than the current regimen is warranted.