bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of 1,10-phenanthroline-based hydroxamate derivative as dual histone deacetylases/ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor with antitumor activities
Authors: Shetty Manasa Gangadhar , Pai Padmini , Dey Bipasa , Satyamoorthy Kapaettu , Shil Suranjan , Nayak Usha Yogendra , T Ashwini , Sundara Babitha Kampa 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Aberrant expression of histone deacetylases (HDACs) and ribonucleotide reductase (RR) enzymes are commonly observed in various cancers. Researchers are focusing on these enzymes in cancer studies with the aim of developing effective chemotherapeutic drugs for cancer treatment. Targeting both HDAC and RR simultaneously with a dual HDAC/RR inhibitor has exhibited enhanced effectiveness compared to monotherapy in cancer treatment, making it a promising strategy.

Objectives
The objective of the study is to synthesize and assess the anti-cancer properties of a 1,10-phenanthroline-based hydroxamate derivative, characterizing it as a novel dual HDAC/RR inhibitor.

Methods
The N1-hydroxy-N8-(1,10-phenanthrolin-5-yl)octanediamide (PA), a 1,10-phenanthroline-based hydroxamate derivative, was synthesized and structurally characterized. The compound was subjected to in vitro assessments of its anti-cancer, HDAC, and RR inhibitory activities. In silico docking and molecular dynamics simulations were further studied to explore its interactions with HDACs and RRM2.

Results
The structurally confirmed PA exhibited antiproliferative activity in SiHa cells with an IC50 of 16.43 μM. It displayed potent inhibitory activity against HDAC and RR with IC50 values of 10.80 μM and 9.34 μM, respectively. Co-inhibition of HDAC and RR resulted in apoptosis-induced cell death in SiHa cells, mediated by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In silico docking studies demonstrated that PA can effectively bind to the active sites of HDAC isoforms and RRM2. Furthermore, PA demonstrated a more favorable interaction with HDAC7, displaying a docking score of -9.633 kcal/mol, as compared to the standard HDAC inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), which exhibited a docking score of -8.244 kcal/mol against HDAC7.

Conclusion
The present study emphasizes the prospect of designing a potential 1,10-phenanthroline hydroxamic acid derivative as a novel dual HDAC and RR-inhibiting anti-cancer molecule.

Graphical Abstract
Influence of Polymer Surface Roughness on the Fractions of Transmitted, Reflected and Absorbed Energy in Operation of Laser Transmission Welding
Authors: Genna Silvio , Leone Claudio , Moretti Patrizia , Venettacci Simone 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe study of energy fractions plays a fundamental role in laser joining operations: from their knowledge, it is possible to calculate the amount of laser beam energy that is effectively available during the formation of chemical and physical bonds, and how much energy is dissipated. This study examines semi-crystalline polymers of polyamide 6.6 (PA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and polypropylene (PP), semitransparent to light radiation, with the aim of studying the influence of surface roughness on the distribution of energy fractions, and in particular on the reflection portion. For this purpose, polymeric samples with different surface finishing were prepared and characterized by profilometric analysis. Subsequently, an experimental setup was implemented to directly measure the transmitted ratio, obtaining the reflected energy fraction from the Beer-Lambert law, and the absorbed ratio by energy balance. The results showed a decrease in the power transmitted by polymers subjected to surface treatment, due to an increase in the reflection fraction, a phenomenon particularly evident for PET, for which the reflection share increased from ~ 0.5% to ~ 15.3%, following P240 treatment. A lower influence was verified for PA and especially PTFE, due to a lower influence of the treatment on surface morphology. On the basis of the experimental results, it is hypothesised that roughening the lower section of the irradiated polymer could allow an increase in the total internal reflection fraction, favouring the joint at the interface point.
Graphical Abstract
Learning to Learn Independently: Guiding Students to Develop Self-Directed Learning Skills During Medical Student Independent Research Projects—Findings from an Australian University
Authors: Uebel Kerry , Carland Jane Ellen , Iqbal Maha Pervaz , Smith Greg , Nathan Sally 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Most medical schools offer students the opportunity to conduct independent research projects in order to learn about evidence-based medicine. This study aimed to explore the experience of students, graduates, and supervisors during an independent research project through the lens of self-directed learning.

Methods
Students and recent graduates were asked to complete an anonymous survey about their experiences. Semi-structured interviews were also conducted with a purposeful sample of 11 students, 14 graduates, and 25 supervisors. Interviews were recorded and transcribed. An inductive thematic analysis was conducted and themes were refined through the lens of self-directed learning.

Results
Most participants agreed that the independent research project could enable students to develop valuable self-directed learning skills. Participants commented on the importance of the research mentor, faculty support structures, and membership of a research team. Participants who were not well supported described feeling distressed and isolated.

Discussion
Medical student involvement in independent research projects can develop self-directed learning skills in the presence of a one-to-one mentoring relationship with a research supervisor, structured guidelines and support from the faculty, and membership of a research team. The development of self-directed learning skills should be part of the learning outcomes of any independent student research project.
Medical Laboratory Science Education in Australia: An Academic Review
Authors: Donkin Rebecca , Gusset Rebecca 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMedical Laboratory Scientists contribute to pathology organizations to provide medical testing for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease. To meet patient medical testing demands in Australia, an employment projection of moderate growth by 2026 in Medical Laboratory Scientists is predicted. This requires an experienced academic workforce that is competent in Medical Laboratory Science (MLS) teaching supported by MLS research to graduate skilled MLS students to fill this void. However, there is little known about the academics that teach undergraduate MLS and whether there is a shortage of experienced educators and graduates. A mixed-method descriptive cross-sectional study design was used to identify 125 MLS academics to recruit and collect quantitative and qualitative survey data from 2019 to 2021. Over half of the survey respondents had never worked as a Medical Laboratory Scientist, and less than a third had an undergraduate degree in MLS. The breadth and depth of academic teaching and research interest were wide and covered both MLS and non-MLS themes. The retention of MLS academics remained stable. There was a meagre growth in new appointments over 3 years which was likely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic which also impacted student enrolment and graduate data. It is unclear from these results if the 2026 predicted growth will be achievable.
A serious game for raising air pollution perception in children
Authors: Relvas Tiago , Mariano Pedro , Almeida Susana Marta , Santana Pedro 
Published: April 2024

AbstractConcerns about air pollution have increased recently. Currently, 94% of the world population face air pollution levels considered unsafe by the World Health Organization, which tells us that efforts are needed to raise people’s awareness about air pollution. The use of serious games and gamification of interactive applications have raised people’s perception. This work presents Problems in the Air, a game developed in Unity about air pollution, in which the player’s goal is to control a character that inhabits an imaginary city tasked to monitor indoor and outdoor air pollution with sensors deployed across several city zones. While playing, children are expected to learn the possible causes of pollution in each zone and, this way, the game attempts to promote pro-environmental behaviors. This game allows educators to configure the problems that the player has to solve. Customisation is a desired feature in existing serious games as teachers often need to tailor this type of tools to their students. Pre- and post-surveys about air pollution were elaborated to evaluate air pollution perception of twenty students of an elementary school before and after playing the game, with results showing some significant positive effects. A System Usability Scale questionnaire was also performed and we obtained an acceptable mean value of 75, out of 100.
Manipulating Crystal Growth and Secondary Phase PbI2 to Enable Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells with Natural Additives
Authors: Wang Yirong , Cheng Yaohui , Yin Chunchun , Zhang Jinming , You Jingxuan , Wang Jizheng , Wang Jinfeng , Zhang Jun 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the inherent defects of perovskite film and the random distribution of excess lead iodide (PbI2) prevent the improvement of efficiency and stability. Herein, natural cellulose is used as the raw material to design a series of cellulose derivatives for perovskite crystallization engineering. The cationic cellulose derivative C-Im-CN with cyano-imidazolium (Im-CN) cation and chloride anion prominently promotes the crystallization process, grain growth, and directional orientation of perovskite. Meanwhile, excess PbI2 is transferred to the surface of perovskite grains or formed plate-like crystallites in local domains. These effects result in suppressing defect formation, decreasing grain boundaries, enhancing carrier extraction, inhibiting non-radiative recombination, and dramatically prolonging carrier lifetimes. Thus, the PSCs exhibit a high power conversion efficiency of 24.71%. Moreover, C-Im-CN has multiple interaction sites and polymer skeleton, so the unencapsulated PSCs maintain above 91.3% of their initial efficiencies after 3000 h of continuous operation in a conventional air atmosphere and have good stability under high humidity conditions. The utilization of biopolymers with excellent structure-designability to manage the perovskite opens a state-of-the-art avenue for manufacturing and improving PSCs."Image missing"
Dual-Defect Engineering Strategy Enables High-Durability Rechargeable Magnesium-Metal Batteries
Authors: Chen Fuyu , Zhao Bai-Qing , Huang Kaifeng , Ma Xiu-Fen , Li Hong-Yi , Zhang Xie , Diao Jiang , Yue Jili , Huang Guangsheng , Wang Jingfeng , Pan Fusheng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRechargeable magnesium-metal batteries (RMMBs) are promising next-generation secondary batteries; however, their development is inhibited by the low capacity and short cycle lifespan of cathodes. Although various strategies have been devised to enhance the Mg2+ migration kinetics and structural stability of cathodes, they fail to improve electronic conductivity, rendering the cathodes incompatible with magnesium-metal anodes. Herein, we propose a dual-defect engineering strategy, namely, the incorporation of Mg2+ pre-intercalation defect (P-Mgd) and oxygen defect (Od), to simultaneously improve the Mg2+ migration kinetics, structural stability, and electronic conductivity of the cathodes of RMMBs. Using lamellar V2O5·nH2O as a demo cathode material, we prepare a cathode comprising Mg0.07V2O5·1.4H2O nanobelts composited with reduced graphene oxide (MVOH/rGO) with P-Mgd and Od. The Od enlarges interlayer spacing, accelerates Mg2+ migration kinetics, and prevents structural collapse, while the P-Mgd stabilizes the lamellar structure and increases electronic conductivity. Consequently, the MVOH/rGO cathode exhibits a high capacity of 197 mAh g−1, and the developed Mg foil//MVOH/rGO full cell demonstrates an incredible lifespan of 850 cycles at 0.1 A g−1, capable of powering a light-emitting diode. The proposed dual-defect engineering strategy provides new insights into developing high-durability, high-capacity cathodes, advancing the practical application of RMMBs, and other new secondary batteries.
Approximate inference for longitudinal mechanistic HIV contact network
Authors: Smiley Octavious , Hoffmann Till , Onnela Jukka-Pekka 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNetwork models are increasingly used to study infectious disease spread. Exponential Random Graph models have a history in this area, with scalable inference methods now available. An alternative approach uses mechanistic network models. Mechanistic network models directly capture individual behaviors, making them suitable for studying sexually transmitted diseases. Combining mechanistic models with Approximate Bayesian Computation allows flexible modeling using domain-specific interaction rules among agents, avoiding network model oversimplifications. These models are ideal for longitudinal settings as they explicitly incorporate network evolution over time. We implemented a discrete-time version of a previously published continuous-time model of evolving contact networks for men who have sex with men and proposed an ABC-based approximate inference scheme for it. As expected, we found that a two-wave longitudinal study design improves the accuracy of inference compared to a cross-sectional design. However, the gains in precision in collecting data twice, up to 18%, depend on the spacing of the two waves and are sensitive to the choice of summary statistics. In addition to methodological developments, our results inform the design of future longitudinal network studies in sexually transmitted diseases, specifically in terms of what data to collect from participants and when to do so.
A generalized eigenvector centrality for multilayer networks with inter-layer constraints on adjacent node importance
Authors: Frost H. Robert 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe present a novel approach for computing a variant of eigenvector centrality for multilayer networks with inter-layer constraints on node importance. Specifically, we consider a multilayer network defined by multiple edge-weighted, potentially directed, graphs over the same set of nodes with each graph representing one layer of the network and no inter-layer edges. As in the standard eigenvector centrality construction, the importance of each node in a given layer is based on the weighted sum of the importance of adjacent nodes in that same layer. Unlike standard eigenvector centrality, we assume that the adjacency relationship and the importance of adjacent nodes may be based on distinct layers. Importantly, this type of centrality constraint is only partially supported by existing frameworks for multilayer eigenvector centrality that use edges between nodes in different layers to capture inter-layer dependencies. For our model, constrained, layer-specific eigenvector centrality values are defined by a system of independent eigenvalue problems and dependent pseudo-eigenvalue problems, whose solution can be efficiently realized using an interleaved power iteration algorithm. We refer to this model, and the associated algorithm, as the Constrained Multilayer Centrality (CMLC) method. The characteristics of this approach, and of standard techniques based on inter-layer edges, are demonstrated on both a simple multilayer network and on a range of random graph models. An R package implementing the CMLC method along with example vignettes is available at https://hrfrost.host.dartmouth.edu/CMLC/.
Evaluating the properties of deinking paper sludge from the Mediterranean area for recycling in local areas as a soil amendment and to enhance growth substrates
Authors: Bretzel Francesca , Tassi Eliana L. , Rosellini Irene , Marouani Emna , Khouaja Asma , Koubaa Ahmed 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRecycling of paper generates large quantities of paper sludge that is rich in organic matter and can be exploited to counteract organic matter loss in agricultural soils, especially in some geographical areas, such as the Mediterranean. In order for deinking paper sludge (DPS) to be recycled, chemical and physical characterizations are required along with an analysis of possible contaminants. DPS from Italy and Tunisia, resulting from various deinking processes, were analyzed and compared in terms of their chemical properties (pH, OM, total N, C/N ratio, mineral nutrients, and trace metals), surface chemistry [diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy], and thermal stability [thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)]. The aim was to improve their use as amendments in soils or growth substrates. Elemental analysis revealed higher carbon concentrations in the Tunisian DPS and similar nitrogen contents, high mineral nutrient levels, and potentially toxic trace element levels below the limits allowed for soil amendment. No evidence was found for the presence of organic pollutants, pathogens, or toxic heavy metals. Surface chemical analysis revealed comparable materials rich in aromatic, phenolic, aliphatic, and polysaccharide structures along with clay minerals and carbonates. The thermal analysis revealed similar decomposition temperatures for the organic matter. Practical implications of the results are discussed, highlighting the similar properties of sludge following ink removal by different processes and the need to integrate the N content in order to be able to employ sludge as an amendment in soil and growing media. Given the similarity of the compositions of the materials, appropriate DPS management is key to improving soil fertility, reducing paper waste disposal, and implementing a circular economy in the Mediterranean, where climate change is having a significant impact.
Prioritized but declining: an analysis of student participation in Asian languages courses in secondary school 2001–2021
Authors: Field Louisa , Wilson Rachel , Cruickshank Ken 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe need for proficiency in Asian languages has been identified as vital for Australia’s regional prosperity, but in the absence of a national language policy and national data collection, languages study has continued to deteriorate at alarming levels. This article analyses recent data for trends in participation in ‘priority’ Asian languages, Chinese, Japanese, Indonesian, and Korean NSW High School Certificate (HSC) courses from 2001–2021. In 1994, these languages were first identified by the government as “priority” Asian languages and of considerable importance for Australia’s future prosperity. This study analyses disaggregated HSC data to examine trends in individual languages and courses. The overall finding in this study is that despite the considerable funding, there has been no significant improvement in Beginner, Continuers, In-context, or Literature courses: 2001 had 4.25% of HSC students studying one of the priority Asian languages, but in 2021 this figure dropped to 3.43%. This detailed analysis reveals possible reasons for this and explores the role of community language schools (CLS) in supporting the study of priority Asian languages. This study finds that disaggregated state-level and local data analysis is essential to inform national policy evaluation and future policy planning. Without consistent data collection, policy evaluation, and the development of evidence-based approaches to language education, Australian language education will continue to flounder.
Curriculum for living structural crises towards socially just futures: bringing diverse funds of knowledge into participatory-democratic action around lifeworld problems that matter
Authors: Zipin Lew 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAs crises unsettle lives across the globe, growing numbers of people, in diverse situations, encounter social and planetary futures in peril. Harder to grasp is how historical structures of unequal power underpin those perils. Building capacities to comprehend the lived effects of structural injustices, and proact to transform them, are ethical challenges for schooling, which this paper takes up. I initially focus not on school curriculum but ‘populist curriculum’: ideological messages that issue from power-forces and spread across societies. I draw conceptually on Antonio Gramsci to diagnose how, in current times, populist messages verge Extreme-Right as a hegemonically powerful minority wages culture wars that target marginalised groups to blame for ‘good-citizen’ sufferings. Such unjustly divisive efforts to hold power manifest a crisis of governance in chaos, I argue, symptomizing how structural underpinnings are at historic tipping points towards dangerous times ahead. Against the mis-educational tide of populist curriculum, I consider how school curriculum can build young people’s knowledge and agency to live present-day crises towards sustainable and socially-just futures. Taking conceptual tools from Paolo Freire, Lauren Berlant, and the Funds of Knowledge (FoK) approach pioneered by Luis Moll and colleagues, I draw on a school FoK project I was part of, that suggested possibilities for participatory-democratic curriculum activity, but limited by system constraints. I then conceptualise ways to expand beyond the constraints through what I call a Problems That Matter approach, featuring collaboration among students, community people, teachers and academics in student-led action-research on lived problems in their communities.
Refractory accounts of feminist educational policy work: the case of Gender Equity: A Framework For Australian Schools
Authors: Gannon Susanne 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFeminist engagement in education policy in Australia has been extensive and impactful, with periods of high activity and influence in the past through to a present where it seems difficult to find feminist voices in policy spaces. There are diverse perspectives on the earlier decades of feminist policy influence that shift according to context, the social and political milieus of each moment, location, and position within the policy assemblage. In this paper I focus on the era of the mid 1990s, and the national policy Gender Equity: A Framework for Australian Schools (1997) as a case of policy emergence, mutation and dissipation. Drawing on my own recollections and interviews with eleven policy actors who were variously involved in the gender and education policy work around that time, I explore processes, strategies, obstacles and affordances of the times through four types of trouble: policy trouble, patriarchal trouble, school trouble, and genders and sexualities trouble. I offer these as refractory accounts of feminist policy work, that might break through linear accounts and add further nuance and context to our revisiting of feminism in education.