bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex differences in the prevalence of individual chronic conditions in a cardiac rehabilitation population
Authors: Miller S , Gomes P F , Chacin-Suarez A , Olson T P 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
The United States Department of Health and Human Services has defined 21 chronic conditions lasting one year or greater and which require ongoing medical treatment. The presence of multiple chronic conditions (multimorbidity) is closely linked to greater physical disability, increased health care utilization, reduced quality of life, and higher mortality rates. In the general population, studies have shown the prevalence of multimorbidity to be greater in females compared to males. Recently, data has suggested that patients enrolled in cardiac rehabilitation (CR) have a significantly greater number of chronic conditions compared to the general population. Whether these same sex differences in the prevalence of individual chronic conditions are present in the CR population has not been examined.

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to determine whether differences exist in the prevalence of individual chronic conditions between male and female CR patients. We hypothesize that female CR patients will demonstrate greater prevalence of individual chronic conditions compared to men.

Methods
Using the local Epidemiology Project records-linkage system, we identified patients who attended (≥1) CR sessions from 1995-2019. The prevalence of 21 chronic conditions was extracted from the patients’ medical records at the time of enrollment in CR (Table 1). We conducted chi-squared analysis to identify differences in the prevalence of each individual chronic condition between the sexes. Statistical significance was defined by p≤0.05.

Results
Of the 13,056 CR patients identified (age: 65.7±12.8 yrs old), 4,107 (31.5%) were female. Male CR patients were significantly younger compared to female counterparts (64.8±12.1 yrs old vs. 67.6±13.6 yrs old; p≤0.001). Females demonstrated a greater number of total chronic conditions compared to males (median (IQR): 7.0 (5.0, 9.0) vs 6.0 (5.0, 8.0); p≤0.001). Females demonstrated a greater prevalence of the following 12 individual chronic conditions compared to males: HTN, CHF, ARR, STR, ART, CAN, CPD, HEP, OST, ANX, DEM, and DEP (p≤0.05, for all). There was a trend for greater prevalence of ARR in females compared to males (p=0.07). In contrast, males experienced a greater prevalence of the following four chronic conditions compared to females: CAD, LIP, AST, and SUB (p≤0.001, for all). There were no differences between sexes for CKD (p=0.87), SZO (p=0.70), or AUT (p=0.31).

Conclusion
Our data suggest the trend for greater prevalence of chronic conditions in females in the general population is consistent within the CR population. Specifically, 12 of 21 (57%) individual chronic conditions were significantly more prevalent in female CR patients whereas only 4 (19%) conditions were more prevalent in males. These data emphasize the need to better understand the relationship between sex and risk for individual chronic conditions, particularly in patients enrolled in CR.
Secondary prevention in young patients after acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction: missing the goals and suffering the penalties
Authors: Abrantes A , Ana Beatriz Garcia A B G , Ana Margarida Martins A M M , Catarina Gregorio C G , Miguel Raposo M R , Joao Fonseca J F , Joao Cravo J C , Alda Jordao A J , Silvia Fiuza S F , Edite Caldeira E C , Nelson Cunha N C , Ines Aguiar-Ricardo I A R , Fausto J Pinto F J P , Ana Abreu A A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Young patients that suffer an acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) are an especially vulnerable population that requires close monitoring. Therefore, secondary prevention in these pts is key to prevent event recurrence during their lifetime.

Purpose
To evaluate efficacy of risk factor control in a population of young pts with STEMI.

Methods
Retrospective, single-center study of consecutive pts, aged below 50 years, admitted with STEMI between 2017 and 2021. Demographics, clinical characteristics and outcomes were analyzed. Parametric and non-parametric tests were performed as appropriate.

Results
We included 306 pts, 81.7% were men, mean age of 43.9 ± 5.1 years, the majority was admitted with anterior followed by inferior STEMI. Only 26pts were previously under statin therapy, median cLDL at admission was 105±47. At discharge all pts were under statins however only 63% received high intensity statin and 4% ezetimibe. Only 20% of pts completed a cardiac rehabilitation program.
During a mean follow-up (FUP) of 3.8 ± 1.7 years, 52.3% of pts had less than optimal controlled hypertension, 20.7% had diabetes, 53% still smoked, cLDL was significantly lower, (mean of 86 ± 39, p&lt;0.001), with a mean reduction of 26.8% ± 46.6. High intensity statin was prescribed to 54% of pts, ezetimibe to 33%, the combination of high intensity statin and ezetimibe to 22%, no one was under iPCSK9 or bempedoic acid.
However, only 16.8% of pts met guideline-oriented goal of cLDL&lt;55mg/dl, and only 26.9% presented a 50% reduction from baseline cLDL. In pts with cLDL&gt;55mg/dl only 47.7% were under high intensity statin, 33% under ezetimibe and 30.4% under high intensity statin plus ezetimibe, up titration occurred in about 30% of these pts. When considering pts under high intensity statin and ezetimibe only 23.7% met cLDL goal.
During FUP, 19 pts had reinfarction and of these only 5.3% of pts met target cLDL and half were under therapy with high intensity statin and ezetimibe. When considering the 25 pts who died, no one had cLDL&lt;55 nor anyone was under high intensity statin plus ezetimibe.

Conclusion
Secondary prevention in coronary patients, namely young ones, must be strengthened; cardiac rehabilitation referral and completion of programs has to be optimized and special focus on cardiovascular risk factors control must be made in order to achieve guideline recommended targets and reduce adverse events during follow-up.
Cardiopulmonary fitness and personalized exercise prescription in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Cavigli L , Olivotto I , Ragazzoni G L , Boncompagni A , Targetti M , Focardi M , Cameli M , Vannuccini F , Valente S , D'ascenzi F 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Most patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) are restricted to competitive sports due to early evidence that exercise increases their risk of sudden cardiac death and malignant arrhythmias. As a result, they become inactive and experience the negative consequences of a sedentary lifestyle. Hence, the need arises to strike the right balance between these two extremes through personalized exercise prescription. The aims of this study were: 1) to assess the characteristics of HCM patients who practised regular aerobic physical activity compared to HCM sedentary patients; 2) to perform a personalized moderate-intensity exercise prescription and evaluate its effects.

Methods
HCM patients were evaluated through clinical evaluation, ECG, ambulatory ECG monitoring, echocardiography, and CPET. In selected patients, a personalized moderate-intensity exercise prescription was performed. Subsequently, patients were reevaluated with the same investigations.

Results
Physically active HCM patients demonstrated better cardiopulmonary functional capacity than sedentary patients (p≤0.0001), without significant differences regarding ventricular arrhythmias (p=0.43); moderate intensity exercise prescription led to improved cardiopulmonary fitness without occurrence of adverse events. The sedentary subjects showed a greater BMI, a higher prevalence of obesity (p=0.07), and a deterioration of their cardiopulmonary fitness due to the maintenance of a sedentary lifestyle.

Conclusions
A sedentary lifestyle led to a deterioration of cardiopulmonary functional capacity and fitness. The tailored moderate-intensity personalized exercise prescription appears to be a feasible approach in carefully selected HCM patients to counterbalance the negative effects of sedentary behaviour without significant major events.
Is the Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias Among U.S. Veterans Influenced by the Intersectionality of Housing Status, HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis C, and Psychiatric Disorders?
Authors: Beydoun Hind A , Szymkowiak Dorota , Kinney Rebecca , Beydoun May A , Zonderman Alan B , Tsai Jack 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Homelessness and housing instability disproportionately affect U.S. veterans with psychiatric disorders, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), hepatitis C, and Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders (ADRD). We examined housing status and/or HIV/AIDS in relation to ADRD risk and evaluated hepatitis C, substance use, and mental health disorders as mediators and/or moderators of hypothesized relationships, among U.S. veterans ≥50 years of age seeking Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare services.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted using linked VA Homeless Operations Management and Evaluation System and Corporate Data Warehouse databases (2017–2023) on 3 275 098 eligible veterans yielding 133 388 ADRD cases over 5 years of follow-up. Multivariable regression and causal mediation analyses were performed, controlling for demographic and clinical characteristics.

Results
Taking stably housed veterans without HIV/AIDS as referent, ADRD risk was higher among veterans with homelessness/housing instability alone (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.67, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.63,1.72), lower among veterans with HIV/AIDS alone (aHR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.58,0.73), but similar to veterans with homelessness/housing instability and HIV/AIDS (aHR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.79,1.29). In adjusted models, hepatitis C and psychiatric disorders were positively related to homelessness/housing instability and ADRD risk, but negatively related to HIV/AIDS. Statistically significant mediation and/or moderation of hepatitis C and psychiatric disorders were observed, although &lt;10% of total effects were explained by these characteristics, controlling for confounders.

Conclusions
Among older veterans, ADRD diagnoses over 5 years were less among those with HIV/AIDS, but more among those with homelessness/housing instability, and these relationships were partly explained by hepatitis C and psychiatric disorders.
Ageism and (Successful) Digital Engagement: A Proposed Theoretical Model
Authors: Mannheim Ittay , Köttl Hanna 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Recently, scholars have highlighted the detrimental consequences of technology-based ageism. Digital technology (DT) is commonly discoursed as an opportunity to promote Successful Aging. Nevertheless, the theoretical implications of ageism, DT, and Successful Aging are underexplored. This paper presents a new theoretical model of Digital Engagement and Ageism (D-EngAge), which elaborates on the potential impacts of ageism on digital engagement and participation in later life and explains how ageism may pose a threat to realizing the potential of DT to promote Successful Aging. The D-EngAge model was developed based on a synthesis of findings from 12 recent studies we conducted on the intersection of ageism and DT. Findings were synthesized through Iversen’s clasification of four dimensions of ageism, demonstrating how ageism as a multifaceted construct has a reciprocal relationship with digital engagement on the micro- (individual), meso- (social interaction), and macro-levels (discourses and societal practices). Consequently, digital engagement on these levels may exacerbate or reduce technology-based ageism. This forum paper identifies ageism as a barrier to utilizing DT, critically discusses power imbalances, and deconstructs Successful Aging discourses regarding digital engagement. Theoretical implications and recommendations for future interventions and policy measures to mitigate ageism and promote digital engagement and participation in later life are presented.
Understanding Trophic Interactions in a Warming World by Bridging Foraging Ecology and Biomechanics with Network Science
Authors: Cuff Jordan P , Labonte David , Windsor Fredric M 
Published: June 2024

Synopsis
Climate change will disrupt biological processes at every scale. Ecosystem functions and services vital to ecological resilience are set to shift, with consequences for how we manage land, natural resources, and food systems. Increasing temperatures cause morphological shifts, with concomitant implications for biomechanical performance metrics crucial to trophic interactions. Biomechanical performance, such as maximum bite force or running speed, determines the breadth of resources accessible to consumers, the outcome of interspecific interactions, and thus the structure of ecological networks. Climate change-induced impacts to ecosystem services and resilience are therefore on the horizon, mediated by disruptions of biomechanical performance and, consequently, trophic interactions across whole ecosystems. Here, we argue that there is an urgent need to investigate the complex interactions between climate change, biomechanical traits, and foraging ecology to help predict changes to ecological networks and ecosystem functioning. We discuss how these seemingly disparate disciplines can be connected through network science. Using an ant-plant network as an example, we illustrate how different data types could be integrated to investigate the interaction between warming, bite force, and trophic interactions, and discuss what such an integration will achieve. It is our hope that this integrative framework will help to identify a viable means to elucidate previously intractable impacts of climate change, with effective predictive potential to guide management and mitigation.
Green and Versatile High-Throughput Microwell Oxidation-Based Spectrophotometric Methods for Determination of Galidesivir in Capsules
Authors: Darwish Ibrahim A , Alzoman Nourah Z 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Galidesivir (GDV) is a promising new antiviral drug for the potent and safe treatment of a broad spectrum of viral diseases, including COVID-19. In the literature, no analytical method exists for the determination of GDV in bulk and dosage form.

Objective
The aim of this study was the development of versatile green and simple microwell spectrophotometric methods (MW-SPMs) for the determination of GDV in its bulk form and capsules.

Methods
Three MW-SPMs were developed involving the oxidation of GDV by ammonium metavanadate (AMV), chromium trioxide (CTO), and potassium iodate (PIO) in an acid medium. The reactions were carried out in 96-well plates at room temperature and the absorbances of chromogenic reaction products were measured by an absorbance microplate reader at 780, 595, and 475 nm for AMV, CTO, and PIO, respectively. Variables influencing the reactions were carefully investigated and optimized.

Results
Linear relations with excellent correlation coefficients (0.9991–0.9997) were found between the absorbances and GDV concentrations in the range of 25–500 µg/mL. The LODs were ≥8.3 µg/mL. The accuracy and precision of the three MW-SPMs were confirmed by recovery and replicate analysis, respectively. The recovery values were 98.6–101.2% and the RSDs were ≤1.02%. The proposed MW-SPMs were successfully applied to the analysis of GDV in bulk drug and capsules with high accuracy and precision. The greenness of the MW-SPMs was confirmed by three comprehensive metric tools.

Conclusion
The proposed MW-SPMs combined the inherent advantages of microwell-based analysis and the use of common laboratory reagents for the reactions involved. These advantages include high-throughput, ready automation, reduced sample/reagent volume, precise measurements, and versatility. The advantages of the use of common laboratory reagents include availability, consistency, compatibility, safety, and cost-effectiveness.

Highlights
Overall, the proposed MW-SPMs are versatile valuable tools for the quantitation of GDV during its pharmaceutical manufacturing.
Effect of feeding calf starter with calcium salts of medium-chain fatty acids on the growth and metabolic hormones in calves
Authors: Masuda Y , Fukumori R , Tomoshige M , Sarentonglaga B , Sugino T , Nagao Y 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We investigated the effects of a calf starter supplemented with calcium salts of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA-Ca) on growth and plasma hormone concentration in calves. Twelve Holstein calves were randomly assigned to two dietary groups (without supplementation [CON] and supplemented with MCFA-Ca [MCFA]) from 4 d of age. Calves were fed 1.0 kg/d of milk replacer until 5 wk of age and were completely weaned at 7 wk of age. Calves in the MCFA group received a calf starter containing 1% MCFA-Ca. dry matter intake (DMI) was measured daily, and body weight was measured weekly. Rumen fluid was collected at 13 wk of age to measure pH and volatile fatty acid concentration. Preprandial blood samples were collected weekly to measure the basal plasma hormone and metabolite concentrations. At 4, 8, and 13 wk of age, peri-prandial blood samples were collected every 30 min, from 60 min before feeding to 120 min after feeding, to observe metabolic responses to feeding. In addition, insulin sensitivity was assessed using euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps at 4, 8, and 13 wk of age in three calves from each treatment. There were no differences in starter and hay DMI between the treatments. However, the average daily gain (ADG) after weaning was higher in the MCFA group than in the CON group. Weekly changes in plasma parameters did not differ between the treatments. Plasma concentrations of preprandial ghrelin and postprandial total ketone bodies at 13 wk of age were higher in the MCFA group than in the CON group. At 8 wk of age, peri-prandial plasma insulin concentrations were lower in the MCFA group than in the CON group. There were no differences between the treatments in terms of insulin sensitivity. The present study suggested that feeding weaning calves MCFA-Ca increases the ADG during the postweaning period, which may be mediated by endocrine signals, such as enhanced ghrelin secretion and decreased insulin secretion, without altering insulin sensitivity.
Scrutinizing evidence for the triggering of active galactic nuclei in the outskirts of massive galaxy clusters at z ≈ 1
Authors: Muñoz Rodríguez Iván , Georgakakis Antonis , Shankar Francesco , Ruiz Ángel , Bonoli Silvia , Comparat Johan , Fu Hao , Koulouridis Elias , Lapi Andrea , Almeida Cristina Ramos 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Environmental effects are believed to play an important yet poorly understood role in triggering accretion events onto the supermassive black holes (SMBHs) of galaxies (active galactic nuclei; AGNs). Massive clusters, which represent the densest structures in the Universe, provide an excellent laboratory to isolate environmental effects and study their impact on black hole growth. In this work, we critically review observational evidence for the preferential activation of SMBHs in the outskirts of galaxy clusters. We develop a semi-empirical model under the assumption that the incidence of AGN in galaxies is independent of environment. We demonstrate that the model is broadly consistent with recent observations on the AGN halo occupation at z =
0.2, although it may overpredict satellite AGN in massive haloes at that low redshift. We then use this model to interpret the projected radial distribution of X-ray sources around high redshift (z ≈ 1) massive ($\gt 5 \times 10^{14} \, M_\odot$) clusters, which show excess counts outside their virial radius. Such an excess naturally arises in our model as a result of sample variance. Up to 20 per cent of the simulated projected radial distributions show excess counts similar to the observations, which are however, because of background/foreground AGN and hence, not physically associated with the cluster. Our analysis emphasizes the importance of projection effects and shows that current observations of z ≈ 1 clusters remain inconclusive on the activation of SMBHs during infall.
Measuring glitch recoveries and braking indices with Bayesian model selection
Authors: Liu Y , Keith M J , Antonopoulou D , Weltevrede P , Shaw B , Stappers B W , Lyne A G , Mickaliger M B , Basu A 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
For a selection of 35 pulsars with large spin-up glitches ($\Delta {\nu }/\nu \ge 10^{-6}$), which are monitored by the Jodrell Bank Observatory, we analyse 157 glitches and their recoveries. All parameters are measured consistently and we choose the best model to describe the post-glitch recovery based on Bayesian evidence. We present updated glitch epochs, sizes, changes of spin down rate, exponentially recovering components (amplitude and corresponding time-scale) when present, as well as pulsars’ second frequency derivatives and their glitch-associated changes if detected. We discuss the different observed styles of post-glitch recovery as well as some particularly interesting sources. Several correlations are revealed between glitch parameters and pulsar spin parameters, including a very strong correlation between a pulsar’s interglitch $|\ddot{\nu }|$ and $\dot{\nu }$, as well as between the glitch-induced spin-down rate change $\Delta \dot{\nu }_{\rm p}$ that does not relax exponentially and $\dot{\nu }$. We find that the ratio $\left|\Delta \dot{\nu }_{\mathrm{p}}/\ddot{\nu }\right|$ can be used as an estimate of glitch recurrence times, especially for those pulsars for which there are indications of a characteristic glitch size and interglitch waiting time. We calculate the interglitch braking index n and find that pulsars with large glitches typically have n greater than 3, suggesting that internal torques dominate the rotational evolution between glitches. The external torque, for example, from electromagnetic dipole radiation, could dominate the observed $\ddot{\nu }$ for the youngest pulsars ($\lesssim 10^{4}\,\,\mathrm{yr}$), which may be expected to display $n\sim 3$.
Spontaneous grain refinement effect of rare earth zinc alloy anodes enables stable zinc batteries
Authors: Chen Manjing , Gong Yuxiang , Zhao Yunxiang , Song Yexin , Tang Yan , Zeng Zhiyuan , Liang Shuquan , Zhou Peng , Lu Bingan , Zhang Xiaotan , Zhou Jiang 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Irreversible interfacial reactions at the anodes pose a significant challenge to the long-term stability and lifespan of zinc (Zn) metal batteries, impeding their practical application as energy storage devices. The plating and stripping behavior of Zn ions on polycrystalline surfaces is inherently influenced by the microscopic structure of Zn anodes, a comprehensive understanding of which is crucial but often overlooked. Herein, commercial Zn foils were remodeled through the incorporation of cerium (Ce) elements via the ‘pinning effect’ during the electrodeposition process. By leveraging the electron-donating effect of Ce atoms segregated at grain boundaries (GBs), the electronic configuration of Zn is restructured to increase active sites for Zn nucleation. This facilitates continuous nucleation throughout the growth stage, leading to a high-rate instantaneous-progressive composite nucleation model that achieves a spatially uniform distribution of Zn nuclei and induces spontaneous grain refinement. Moreover, the incorporation of Ce elements elevates the site energy of GBs, mitigating detrimental parasitic reactions by enhancing the GB stability. Consequently, the remodeled ZnCe electrode exhibits highly reversible Zn plating/stripping with an accumulated capacity of up to 4.0 Ah cm−2 in a Zn symmetric cell over 4000 h without short-circuit behavior. Notably, a ∼0.4 Ah Zn||NH4V4O10 pouch cell runs over 110 cycles with 83% capacity retention with the high-areal-loading cathode (≈20 mg cm−2). This refining-grains strategy offers new insights into designing dendrite-free metal anodes in rechargeable batteries.