bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in oral cancer mortality in Japan: 1950–1993
Authors: Zheng Y. , Kirita T. , Kurumatani N. , Sugimura M. , Yonemasu K. 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVES: To investigate trends in mortality rates of oral cancer patients in Japan between 1950 and 1993 by sex, age and cancer site, and compare the results with previous studies to determine whether there are any common characteristics of oral cancer patterns between Japan and European countries.MATERIAL AND METHODS: The mortality data obtained from the Japanese Vital Statistics were analyzed using the 5‐year moving average method, and the mortality rates were adjusted to the 1990 world population by age and sex. Age‐specific mortality rates were analyzed by birth cohort.RESULTS: The age‐standardized mortality rates among the males increased from 1.14 per 100000 person‐years in 1952 to 1.84 in 1991, whereas the corresponding rate among females changed little over the same period. Cancer of the tongue was the most common cause of death in Japan among the five studied oral regions: lip, tongue, floor of the mouth, major salivary glands and oropharynx, males aged under 54 born in 1920 or later were found to have an increased risk of such disease.CONCLUSION: Further epidemiological investigations are necessary to clarify the etiology of oral cancer in Japan.
Clinical application of cultured oral epithelium for palatal wounds after palatoplasty: a preliminary report
Authors: Sumi Y. , Hata K‐I , Sawaki Y. , Mizuno H. , Ueda M. 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE: Mucoperiosteal defects of the hard palate after palatoplasty scar causing scar contraction, leading to poor growth of the maxilla. The promotion of wound healing in these cases through cultured epithelial allografting has been reported. Cultured epithelial allografting was done using allogeneic cultured cells, in the hope of improving growth of maxilla.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Clefts of the soft and hard palate (seven patients), and a cleft of the soft palate (two patients) were present. Average patient age was 1 year 4 monthS. Palatoplasty was done by a conventional push‐back operation. Oral epithelial cells from healthy adults were cultured using 3T3 cells as the feeder layer. After 3 weeks, cultured oral mucosal epithelium was grafted on a raw surface following palatoplasty.RESULTS: The result was compared in two patients who had undergone push‐back operation only. In all patients, the grafted areas underwent re‐epithelialization after about 1 week and did not exhibit any clinical signs of graft rejection. Grafted areas healed completely after 2–3 weeks in all cases.CONCLUSION: Cultured epithelial allografts serve as a temporary biological dressing, and accelerate epithelialization and wound healing. Allografting by cultured oral epithelium has proved to be a very useful therapeutic modality in palatoplasty, as well as effective augmentation materials in cases of oral mucosal defects.
Expression of integrin α9 subunit and tenascin in oral leukoplakia, lichen planus, and squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Häkkinen L , Kainulainen T , Salo T , Grenman R , Larjava H 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVES: Integrin α9 subunit is a member of β1 integrin family and binds tenascin (TN). It is expressed by stratified squamous epithelium and may be associated with cell differentiation and growth. We studied if the expression of α9 integrin and TN is altered in leukoplakia, lichen planus, and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).METHODS: Frozen sections of tissue samples obtained from normal human keratinized (16 subjects) and non‐keratinized (three subjects) oral mucosa, oral leukopakias with dysplasia (19 subjects), reticular type lichen planus (nine subjects), or oral mucosal SCC (23 subjects) were stained immunohistochemically with antibodies against α9 integrin and TN.RESULTS: In contrast to its most prominent localization at the cell membranes of the basal epithelial cells in the normal mucosa, α9 integrin was localized in a more diffuse pattern with focal loss of expression at the epithelial cell membranes in leukoplakic dysplasia, lichen planus, and SCC. In some areas of SCC, α9 integrin localized throughout all cell layers of the tumor epithelium. In most areas, α9 integrin colocalized with TN but in heavily inflamed areas there was focal loss of TN and α9 integrin at the basement membrane zone.CONCLUSIONS: The findings show that α9 integrin expression is altered in leukoplakic dysplasia, lichen planus, and SCC.
Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology: MMP and TIMP gene expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas and adjacent tissues
Authors: Birkedal‐Hansen B , Pavelic ZP , Gluckman JL , Stambrook P , Li Y‐Q , Stetler‐Stevenson WG 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE: To compare the frequency of gene expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) stromelysins ‐1, ‐2 and ‐3 (MMP‐3, ‐10, and ‐11), matrilysin (MMP‐7), MT1‐MMP (MMP‐14), and of TIMPs (Tissue Inhibitors of MMPs) ‐1, ‐2, ‐3 and ‐4 in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas with those of matched adjacent normal tissues.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study included 20 surgically removed head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, seven of which were accompanied by matched adjacent oral mucosa excised from the border of the specimens outside the tumor area. RNA isolated from tumors and control samples was subjected to RT‐PCR using primers specific for MMP‐3, ‐7, ‐10, ‐11 and ‐14 and for TIMPs ‐1, ‐2, ‐3, and ‐4.RESULTS: Our findings demonstrate that each of the five MMP genes studied were expressed in essentially all the tumors, while the adjacent marginal tissue samples showed a more varied picture: while stromelysin‐3 was located to a majority of the marginal samples, matrilysin was expressed in four of seven adjacent samples, strome‐lysin‐1 and MT1‐MMP genes were each expressed in three of these samples, and stromelysin‐2 transcript was only expressed in two marginal tissue samples. Whereas TIMP‐1 and TIMP‐2 transcripts were identified in all tumor and adjacent tissue samples studied, TIMP‐3 was expressed, albeit often at low levels, in 17 of 20 tumor samples but only in three of seven adjacent tissues. The novel TIMP‐4 gene was not expressed at all. CONCLUSIONS: Specific MMP (MMP‐3, ‐7, ‐10, ‐14) and TIMP‐3 transcripts observed in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas compared to their frequency in specimens of matching tissues provide important information about expression of extracellular matrix degrading enzymes and their tissue inhibitors in head and neck carcinomas.
Coptidis Rhizoma inhibits growth and proteases of oral bacteria
Authors: Hu JP , Takahashi N , Yamada T 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effect of Coptidis Rhizoma (CR), a traditional medicinal plant, on oral bacteria.MATERIALS AND METHODS: CR extract was prepared by boiling CR in water for 2 h. Alkaloids contained in CR extract were assayed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Antibacterial activity of CR extract was estimated from the lowest concentration that did not permit bacterial growth (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC) and the concentrations that inhibited 50% of bacterial proteolytic activity (IC50). RESULTS: CR extract inhibited the growth of Actinomyces naeslundii, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans at MIC of 0.031‐0.25 mg ml‐1, whereas it had less inhibitory effect (MIC: 0.5‐2 mg ml‐1) on the growth of Streptococcus and Lactobacillus. The major active component of CR extract was berberine (Ber), an alkaloid, and its inhibiting specificity to bacterial growth was similar to that of CR extract. CR extract and Ber were bacteriostatic at the MICs against most of the bacteria, and bacteriocidal at the concentrations higher than the MICs. Ber inhibited the activities of collagenase from P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans.CONCLUSION: CR extract and Ber had an inhibitory effect on periodontopathogenic bacteria. These results suggest the possibility of their clinical application for the treatment of periodontal diseases.
Structural features of proinsulin C‐peptide oligomeric and amyloid states
Authors: Lind Jesper , Lindahl Emma , Perálvarez‐Marín Alex , Holmlund Anna , Jörnvall Hans , Mäler Lena 
Published: August 2010

The formation and structure of proinsulin C‐peptide oligomers has been investigated by PAGE, NMR spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering. The results obtained show that C‐peptide forms oligomers of different sizes, and that their formation and size distribution is altered by salt and divalent metal ions, which indicates that the aggregation process is mediated by electrostatic interactions. It is further demonstrated that the size distribution of the C‐peptide oligomers, in agreement with previous studies, is altered by insulin, which supports a physiologically relevant interaction between these two peptides. A small fraction of oligomers has previously been suggested to be in equilibrium with a dominant fraction of soluble monomers, and this pattern also is observed in the present study. The addition of modest amounts of sodium dodecyl sulphate at low pH increases the relative amount of oligomers, and this effect was used to investigate the details of both oligomer formation and structure by a combination of biophysical techniques. The structural properties of the SDS‐induced oligomers, as obtained by thioflavin T fluorescence, CD spectroscopy and IR spectroscopy, demonstrate that soluble aggregates are predominantly in β‐sheet conformation, and that the oligomerization process shows characteristic features of amyloid formation. The formation of large, insoluble, β‐sheet amyloid‐like structures will alter the equilibrium between monomeric C‐peptide and oligomers. This leads to the conclusion that the oligomerization of C‐peptide may be relevant also at low concentrations.Structured digital abstract
MINT‐7975828: c‐peptide (uniprotkb:P01308) and c‐peptide (uniprotkb:P01308) bind (MI:0407) by fluorescence technology (MI:0051)
MINT‐7975757: c‐peptide (uniprotkb:P01308) and c‐peptide (uniprotkb:P01308) bind (MI:0407) by nuclear magnetic resonance (MI:0077)
MINT‐7975840: c‐peptide (uniprotkb:P01308) and c‐peptide (uniprotkb:P01308) bind (MI:0407) by circular dichroism (MI:0016)
MINT‐7975708: c‐peptide (uniprotkb:P01308) and c‐peptide (uniprotkb:P01308) bind (MI:0407) by blue native page (MI:0276)
MINT‐7975816: c‐peptide (uniprotkb:P01308) and c‐peptide (uniprotkb:P01308) bind (MI:0407) by dynamic light scattering (MI:0038)
Five Years of Accession: Impacts on Agriculture in the NMS   Les cinq années suivant l’adhésion: incidences sur l’agriculture des pays non membres   Fünf Jahre Mitgliedschaft: Auswirkungen auf die Landwirtschaft in den neuen Mitgliedsstaaten
Authors: Csaki Csaba , Jambor Attila 
Published: August 2010

SummaryFive Years of Accession: Impacts on Agriculture in the NMSFive years have passed since the accession of Central and Eastern European countries to the EU. This article takes stock of the impacts of accession. On balance it has had an overall positive impact on the NMS, although there have clearly been significant differences in outcomes due to differing initial conditions and endowments, the effectiveness of implementing pre‐ and post‐accession policies and institutions, and the overall macro‐economic situation in each country. Poland, Latvia and Lithuania seem to have been the leading countries in adjusting to EU conditions. EU membership has led to a significant increase in subsidies received by the farmers and thereby to enhanced farmers’ income. The support, however, is not evenly distributed and small farmers remain handicapped in many ways. EU membership has integrated the NMS into a large, rather competitive market offering both opportunities and threats to domestic producers. Trade figures indicate a rather limited ability so far to withstand these competitive pressures. The current CAP is designed and based on the conditions of EU‐15 countries. The experiences of the first five years in the NMS indicate that, even with possible modifications, this system does not fully fit the conditions of these countries, especially their poorest segments.
Clinical update: Treatment Strategy For Root Fractures In The Permanent Dentition
Authors: Andreasen FM. , Andreasen J.O. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTBased on clinical and consultative experience, fractures of the roots of permanent incisors would appear to be one of the most over‐treated trauma entities. This is often due to lack of understanding of the biology behind healing of the hard dental tissues and periodontium. This paper presents an update of treatment based on recently published clinical and radiographic findings.
Role Of Substance P In Inflammation In Dental Pulp
Authors: Thomas G.J. , Walsh L.J. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTSubstance P is a tachykinin peptide thought to be a key mediator of inflammatory processes in the dental pulp. A major pathway for substance P‐mediated inflammatory responses in many organs and tissues is degranulation of mast cells, which results in the release of vasoactive mediators and induction of the expression of leukocyte‐endothelial adhesion molecules, particularly CD62E (ELAM‐1), an adhesion site for neutrophils, monocytes and T lymphocytes. The actions of tachykinins are mediated via at least three receptor types: NK‐1, NK‐2 and NK‐3. This study examined the receptor pathway for substance P‐induced endothelial CD62E expression in dental pulp. Specimens of non‐inflamed human dental pulp were obtained from extracted third molars, and the tissues maintained in organ culture for 24 hours in either medium alone or medium containing substance P or substance P agonists. The agonists were (a) septide ([pGlu6, Pro9]‐substance P(6–11), an NK‐1 selective agonist) and (b) senktide (succinyl‐[Asp6, N‐Me‐Phe8]‐substance P (6–11), an NK‐3 selective agonist). The cultured pulp tissues were then sectioned and endothelial CD62E expression visualised by immunohistochemistry using an anti‐CD62E monoclonal antibody. Levels of expression were quantified by computer‐assisted microdensitometry. Endothelial CD62E expression was found to be increased in pulp tissue following treatment with either substance P or septide. In senktide‐treated pulp tissue, expression was similar to that of the control pulp tissue maintained in medium alone. This study suggests that in substance P‐mediated inflammation and endothelial CD62E expression in dental pulp, substance P operates via the NK‐1 receptor pathway, but not via the NK‐3 pathway.
Effect of Storage Temperature and Duration on the Behavior of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on Packaged Fresh‐Cut Salad Containing Romaine and Iceberg Lettuce
Authors: Luo Yaguang , He Qiang , McEvoy James L. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract:  This study investigated the impact of storage temperature and duration on the fate of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on commercially packaged lettuce salads, and on product quality. Fresh‐cut Romaine and Iceberg lettuce salads of different commercial brands were obtained from both retail and wholesale stores. The packages were cut open at one end, the lettuce salad inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 via a fine mist spray, and resealed with or without an initial N2 flush to match the original package atmospheric levels. The products were stored at 5 and 12 °C until their labeled “Best If Used By” dates, and the microbial counts and product quality were monitored periodically. The results indicate that storage at 5 °C allowed E. coli O157:H7 to survive, but limited its growth, whereas storage at 12 °C facilitated the proliferation of E. coli O157:H7. There was more than 2.0 log CFU/g increase in E. coli O157:H7 populations on lettuce when held at 12 °C for 3 d, followed by additional growth during the remainder of the storage period. Although there was eventually a significant decline in visual quality of lettuce held at 12 °C, the quality of this lettuce was still fully acceptable when E. coli O157:H7 growth reached a statistically significant level. Therefore, maintaining fresh‐cut products at 5 °C or below is critical for reducing the food safety risks as E. coli O157:H7 grows at a rapid, temperature‐dependent rate prior to significant quality deterioration.Practical Application:  Specific information regarding the effect of temperature on pathogen growth on leafy greens is needed to develop science‐based food safety guidelines and practices by the regulatory agencies and produce industry. Temperature control is commonly thought to promote quality of leafy greens, not safety, based at least partially on a theory that product quality deterioration precedes pathogen growth at elevated temperatures. This prevalent attitude results in temperature abuse incidents being frequently overlooked in the supply chain. This study demonstrates that human pathogens, such as E. coli O157:H7, can grow significantly on commercially packaged lettuce salads while the product's visual quality is fully acceptable. Packaged fresh‐cut salads are marketed as “ready‐to‐eat” while lacking an effective pathogen kill step during their preparation. Thus, maintaining storage temperature at 5 °C or below is critical to prevent pathogen proliferation and mitigate food safety risks should pathogen contamination inadvertently occur during crop growth or postharvest fresh‐cut processing.
CD95 is not functional in human erythrocytes
Authors: SAGAN D. , JERMNIM N. , TANGVARASITTICHAI O. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryIntroduction:  The CD95 pathway is a potent inducer of apoptosis in nucleated cells and this death receptor is important for proper blood cell development. Although it is expressed in red blood cells, its functional role in erythrocytes is not well documented. These anucleated cells can undergo cell death via eryptosis, a process showing similarities to apoptosis of nucleated cells. This mode of cell death is mainly triggered by oxidative stress or energy depletion.Methods:  CH11 was added to the purified human erythrocytes for induction of phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure. AnnexinV‐FITC was used as a probe for PS detection.Results:  No significantly enhanced PS‐positive cell fraction could be observed after erythrocytes were treated with CH11.Conclusion:  Based on some key features for an activated CD95 system, this death receptor has been considered to induce PS exposure. However, we give evidence, that CD95 is not functional in red blood cells and that activation of this death receptor does not lead to the exposure of phosphatidylserine.
BEHAVIOURAL AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOUTH AUSTRALIAN MEN AND WOMEN AGED 20–69
Authors: Sedgwick Antony W. , H‐Davidson Ann , Taplin Roger E. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryData are presented on the physiques, physical fitness, serum lipids, blood pressures and smoking habits of 1,500 men and 700 women, and on the physical activity and dietary habits of small sub‐samples. The subjects were residents of Adelaide (pop. 900,000) volunteering for fitness courses, and were mainly from middle and upper‐middle income groups. Fifty per cent of the men and 37% of women were more than 10% above ideal body‐weight, 36% and 28% respectively had elevated serum cholesterol (≥ 6.4 mmol/1), 29% and 9% had elevated triglycerides (≥ 2.0 mmol/1), and 21% and 17% had elevated diastolic blood pressures (≥ 95 mmHg). By overseas standards physical fitness was quite low in the men, and moderate in the women. Cigarette smoking was 10% less prevalent in both sexes than in the general Australian population. Average total daily energy intake was 10,290 kilojoules (2,450 cals.) for men, and 7,375 kilojoules (1,756 cals.) for women, with 11.4% of energy provided by alcohol in male drinkers, and 4.5% in female drinkers. Diet was relatively rich in “empty kilojoules” and cholesterol. Both sexes took little vigorous exercise but the women were less sedentary than the men. It is suggested that the biological profile of this sample is unsatisfactory, probably reflects the status of the urban population in general, and indicates the need for systematic health promotion. The value of the kind of information presented here, in relation to health programmes, is discussed.
THE HEALTH EFFECTS OF THE INTERNATIONAL TRANSFER OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Goldstein Greg 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe rapid international transfer of medical technologies to the developing countries is in progress, promoting a “high technology” model of medicine mat is reflected in the structure of hospitals and university faculties, and medical education and practice. The resulting growth of specialties and sub‐specialties in hospitals may inhibit the development of appropriate, village‐based primary care services. Postgraduate medical education programs donated by the United States, Australia or Europe may disregard the vital issues of provision of universal primary care and local control of health services, and train doctors to devote resources to high technology urban models of care. Medical graduates emigrate to industrial countries because they find no “market” for their services in villages, where needs are the greatest. Bilateral foreign aid programs, WHO sponsored projects, multinational corporate transactions and medical missions and education have been important sources of technology transfer. While a national pharmacopoeia requires only 200 drugs, with 17 basic drugs in village clinics, most patients are denied suitable drug therapy because of inadequate primary care and the inappropriate transfer and promotion of over 4000 drugs that are expensive, incompletely tested in local conditions, or toxic. The deficiency in basic health services means only about 4 million of the 80 million children born each year in Africa, most of Latin America and South East Asia are effectively immunised with available vaccines.There are some apparently successful examples of appropriate health systems, based on the principles of universal access to primary care by health workers, and a national referral system to secondary and tertiary care. Effective monitoring of technology transfer and the development of appropriate health services involves important roles for the WHO and greater international co‐operation among community health workers.
MONITORING CASE SURVIVAL BY HISTOLOGICAL TYPE FOR LUNG CANCER, BREAST CANCER AND NON‐HODGKIN'S LYMPHOMAS — ONE FUNCTION OF A POPULATION‐BASED REGISTRY
Authors: Bonett Anton , Roder David , Esterman Adrian 
Published: August 2010

SummaryPopulation‐based registries are a means of monitoring cancer case survival, treatment outcomes, and time trends at the community level and for individual clinicians. Such registries are less likely to face the selection bias, small numbers of cases, and loss to follow‐up that commonly apply in hospital records.Two‐year survival rates have been calculated by histological type for lung cancers, female breast cancers, and non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas.For lung cancers, squamous cell tumours and adenocarcinomas presented better survival rates than undifferentiated large cell and small cell tumours. Nodular non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas had more favourable rates than the diffuse variety and, among the diffuse tumours, lymphocytic cases had a better prognosis than the histiocytic types. Breast cancer survival was not clearly influenced by histological type.
INTRODUCING A HEALTH CENTRE: EFFECTS ON GENERAL HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS
Authors: Maynard E.J. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe effects on general hospital use of introducing a health centre were examined by comparing admission rates of the recipient community with those of another population served largely by solo general practitioners. Both study groups used a common group of hospitals. A period of one year prior to the health centre and the following three years was included in the comparison. The expected reduction in hospital use by the health centre population occurred only amongst elderly males. In view of the high level of services received by the elderly from the primary care team, the assistance available at home from a spouse and the large contribution by re‐admissions, it seems likely that this specific reduction in hospital admissions was an effect of the health centre.