bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sand remobilization and injection above an active salt diapir: the Tyr sand of the Nini Field, Eastern North Sea
Authors: Svendsen Johan Byskov , Hansen Henrik Juhl , Stærmose Thomas , Engkilde Michael Kragh 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTThe Selandien [58 Ma (PP3c‐d)] Tyr sand in the Nini area, Siri Fairway, Danish North Sea, is severely influenced by the syn‐depositional movement of the Nini Salt Diapir. The sand is faulted and remobilized into a degree where no original depositional signature can be recognized. The Tyr sand is drilled (and cored) by a number of wells, and the sand is never found in the same stratigraphic position. In some wells, the Tyr sand is injected down into the chalk of the Danian Ekofisk Formation, whereas other wells show the Tyr sand embedded in the Selandien Vile Member claystone, with varying degree of remobilization. The Tyr sand is thin (2–7 m) and is therefore below seismic resolution and close to seismic detection. Standard reflection seismic data has proven problematic in determining the actual thickness and spatial distribution of the thin Tyr sand located within or immediately above the chalk. A simultaneous AVO (amplitude vs. offset) inversion using time‐aligned angle stack seismic data, has improved resolution of the thin and complex reservoir, allowing a better understanding of the remobilization processes occurring above the rising salt diapir, and thereby an improved understanding of the reservoir and its performance. Three different remobilization features are described: injection into the chalk, injection up along fault planes and compactional driven injection. The force for the remobilization spans in orders of magnitude from metre scale phenomena, to injections of 100s of metres, moving millions of tons of material and fluids.
Health-related quality of life and healthcare resource use in European patients with plaque psoriasis: an association independent of observed disease severity
Authors: Sato R. , Milligan G. , Molta C. , Singh A. 
Published: June 2010

Summary
Background. Healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) by patients with plaque psoriasis increases with skin lesion severity; however, the relationship between patient quality of life (QoL), which correlates only weakly with clinical severity, and HCRU is less understood.
Aim. To evaluate the relationship between QoL, HCRU and employment in European patients with plaque psoriasis.
Methods. Patients (n = 897) were recruited in five European countries. Data were analysed by group according to the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI): ≤ 10 (better QoL) and &gt; 10 (worse QoL).
Results. Mean numbers of primary dermatologist visits and hospitalizations were significantly higher for patients with DLQI &gt; 10. Likewise, significantly more patients with worse QoL reported employment disadvantages. Significant differences were maintained even after adjusting for age, gender and body surface area affected.
Conclusions. In patients with plaque psoriasis, poorer QoL is associated with increased HCRU, independent of clinical severity. This suggests that QoL, in addition to skin lesion severity, should be considered in predicting the economic burden of disease.
Local host ant specificity of Phengaris (Maculinea) teleius butterfly, an obligatory social parasite of Myrmica ants
Authors: WITEK MAGDALENA , NOWICKI PIOTR , ŚLIWIŃSKA EWA B. , SKÓRKA PIOTR , SETTELE JOSEF , SCHÖNROGGE KARSTEN , WOYCIECHOWSKI MICHAL 
Published: June 2010

1. Phengaris butterflies are obligatory social parasites of Myrmica ants. Early research suggested that there is a different Myrmica host species for each of the five European Phengaris social parasites, but more recent studies have shown that this was an oversimplification.2. The pattern of host ant specificity within a Phengaris teleius metapopulation from southern Poland is reported. A combination of studying the frequency distribution of Phengaris occurrence and morphometrics on adult butterflies were used to test whether use of different host species is reflected in larval development.3. Phengaris teleius larvae were found to survive in colonies of four Myrmica species: M. scabrinodis, M. rubra, M. ruginodis, and M. rugulosa. Myrmica scabrinodis was the most abundant species under the host plant but the percentage of infested nests was similar to other host ant species at two sites and lower in comparison to nests of M. rubra and M. ruginodis at the other two sites. Morphometric measurements of adult butterflies reared by wild colonies of M. scabrinodis and M. ruginodis showed that wing size and number of wing spots were slightly greater for adults eclosing from nests of M. ruginodis.4. Our results suggest that P. teleius in the populations studied is less specialised than previously suggested. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that P. teleius is expected to be the least specific of the European Phengaris species, as it has the largest and best defended fourth‐instar caterpillars and, as a predatory species, it spends less time in the central larval chambers of the host colonies. The fact that individuals reared by M. ruginodis had wider hind wings may suggest that P. teleius had better access to resources in M. ruginodis than in M. scabrinodis colonies.
Evidence of increased net ecosystem productivity associated with a longer vegetated season in a deciduous forest in south‐central Indiana, USA
Authors: DRAGONI DANILO , SCHMID HANS PETER , WAYSON CRAIG A. , POTTER HENRY , GRIMMOND C. SUSAN B. , RANDOLPH JAMES C. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObservations of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of carbon and its biophysical drivers have been collected at the AmeriFlux site in the Morgan‐Monroe State Forest (MMSF) in Indiana, USA since 1998. Thus, this is one of the few deciduous forest sites in the world, where a decadal analysis on net ecosystem productivity (NEP) trends is possible. Despite the large interannual variability in NEP, the observations show a significant increase in forest productivity over the past 10 years (by an annual increment of about 10 g C m−2 yr−1). There is evidence that this trend can be explained by longer vegetative seasons, caused by extension of the vegetative activity in the fall. Both phenological and flux observations indicate that the vegetative season extended later in the fall with an increase in length of about 3 days yr−1for the past 10 years. However, these changes are responsible for only 50% of the total annual gain in forest productivity in the past decade. A negative trend in air and soil temperature during the winter months may explain an equivalent increase in NEP through a decrease in ecosystem respiration.
Do community‐level models describe community variation effectively?
Authors: Baselga Andrés , Araújo Miguel B. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAim  The aim of community‐level modelling is to improve the performance of species distributional models by taking patterns of co‐occurrence among species into account. Here, we test this expectation by examining how well three community‐level modelling strategies (‘assemble first, predict later’, ‘predict first, assemble later’, and ‘assemble and predict together’) spatially project the observed composition of species assemblages.Location  Europe.Methods  Variation in the composition of European tree assemblages and its spatial and environmental correlates were examined with cluster analysis and constrained analysis of principal coordinates. Results were used to benchmark spatial projections from three community‐based strategies: (1) assemble first, predict later (cluster analysis first, then generalized linear models, GLMs); (2) predict first, assemble later (GLMs first, then cluster analysis); and (3) assemble and predict together (constrained quadratic ordination).Results  None of the community‐level modelling strategies was able to accurately model the observed distribution of tree assemblages in Europe. Uncertainty was particularly high in southern Europe, where modelled assemblages were markedly different from observed ones. Assembling first and predicting later led to distribution models with the simultaneous occurrence of several types of assemblages in southern Europe that do not co‐occur, and the remaining strategies yielded models with the presence of non‐analogue assemblages that presently do not exist and that are much more strongly correlated with environmental gradients than with the real assemblages.Main conclusions  Community‐level models were unable to characterize the distribution of European tree assemblages effectively. Models accounting for co‐occurrence patterns along environmental gradients did not outperform methods that assume individual responses of species to climate. Unrealistic assemblages were generated because of the models’ inability to capture fundamental processes causing patterns of covariation among species. The usefulness of these forms of community‐based models thus remains uncertain and further research is required to demonstrate their utility.
Review of risk factors and preventative strategies for fall‐related injuries in people with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Willgoss Thomas G , Yohannes Abebaw M , Mitchell Duncan 
Published: June 2010

Aims.  To explore the risk factors and management of falls in people with intellectual disabilities and develop evidence‐based recommendations.Background.  Falling is a common cause of physical injury and impaired quality of life in people with intellectual disability. Risk factors for falls and falls prevention have been extensively researched in the general population but there is a paucity of evidence specific to people with intellectual disabilities.Design.  Systematic review and comment.Method.  Publications on the prevalence, risk factors and prevention of falls in people with intellectual disability were sought. We searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsychInfo and AMED (1 January 2000–7 January 2009). Search terms used to extract the relevant articles were ‘intellectual disability’, ‘falls’, ‘injury’, ‘fractures’, ‘risk factors’ and ‘prevention’.Results.  Seven articles met the inclusion criteria. Up to 57% of people with intellectual disabilities experienced a fall. Falling was the cause of 50–62% of all recorded injuries. Risk factors for falls in people with intellectual disabilities may include older age, impaired mobility, epilepsy and behavioural problems. There was a paucity of evidence for intervention strategies identified.Conclusion.  There is a lack of evidence for falls management in people with intellectual disabilities. Findings suggest that falls are a common cause of injury, institutionalisation and impaired quality of life in people with intellectual disabilities. Environmental safety, careful medical management and exercise interventions may play an important role in minimising fall‐related injuries. Further research is needed to explore risk factors for falls and falls management in this vulnerable group.Relevance to clinical practice.  Early identification of the risk factors and prevention of falls will inform nurses and other healthcare professionals those who are at most risk and how to minimise injury in people with an intellectual disability. A multi‐model approach of comprehensive assessment and tailored intervention are worthy of endeavour.
Experimental challenge studies in Vietnamese catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage), exposed to Edwardsiella ictaluri and Aeromonas hydrophila
Authors: Crumlish M , Thanh P C , Koesling J , Tung V T , Gravningen K 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe two main diseases in the pangasius catfish industry are bacillary necrosis of Pangasianodon (BNP) and motile aeromonas septicaemia (MAS), where the aetiological agents have been identified as Edwardsiella ictaluri and Aeromonas hydrophila, respectively. In this study, apparently healthy Pangasianodon hypophthalmus were exposed to E. ictaluri, A. hydrophila or both bacterial species by intraperitoneal injection or immersion. There were 20 fish per treatment group, and the bacterial isolates used for the study were recovered from natural infections of BNP or MAS in farmed Vietnamese P. hypophthalmus. The results of the experimental infections mimicked the natural disease outbreaks reported from these pathogens in P. hypophthalmus. Furthermore, it was clearly demonstrated that E. ictaluri was only recovered from the fish exposed to the bacterium and not recovered from the animals receiving A. hydrophila.
Stabilization of Clostridium perfringens collagenase mRNA by VR‐RNA‐dependent cleavage in 5′ leader sequence
Authors: Obana Nozomu , Shirahama Yu , Abe Kimihiro , Nakamura Kouji 
Published: June 2010

SummaryThe small RNA (sRNA), VR‐RNA that is directly regulated by the VirR/VirS two‐component system, regulates many genes including toxin genes such as collagenase (colA) and phospholipase C (plc) in Clostridium perfringens. Although the VR‐RNA 3′ region is sufficient to regulate the colA and plc genes, the molecular mechanism of toxin gene regulation by VR‐RNA remains unclear. Here, we found that colA mRNA is cleaved at position −79 and −78 from the A of the first codon (ATG) in the presence of VR‐RNA. The processed transcripts were stable compared with longer intact transcripts. On the other hand, colA mRNA was labile in a VR‐RNA‐deficient strain, and processed transcripts were undetectable. The stability and processing of colA mRNA were restored by transformation of the 3′ region of VR‐RNA‐expression vector. The 3′ region of VR‐RNA and colA mRNA had significant complementation and interacted in vitro. These results show that VR‐RNA base pairs with colA mRNA and induces cleavage in the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) of colA mRNA, which leads to the stabilization of colA mRNA and the activation of colA expression.
Investigating lipoprotein biogenesis and function in the model Gram‐positive bacterium Streptomyces coelicolor
Authors: Thompson Benjamin J. , Widdick David A. , Hicks Matthew G. , Chandra Govind , Sutcliffe Iain C. , Palmer Tracy , Hutchings Matthew I. 
Published: June 2010

SummaryLipoproteins are a distinct class of bacterial membrane proteins that are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane primarily by the Sec general secretory pathway and then lipidated on a conserved cysteine by the enzyme lipoprotein diacylglycerol transferase (Lgt). The signal peptide is cleaved by lipoprotein signal peptidase (Lsp) to leave the lipid‐modified cysteine at the N‐terminus of the mature lipoprotein. In all Gram‐positive bacteria tested to date this pathway is non‐essential and the lipid attaches the protein to the outer leaflet of the cytoplasmic membrane. Here we identify lipoproteins in the model Gram‐positive bacterium Streptomyces coelicolor using bioinformatics coupled with proteomic and downstream analysis. We report that Streptomyces species translocate large numbers of lipoproteins out via the Tat (twin arginine translocase) pathway and we present evidence that lipoprotein biogenesis might be an essential pathway in S. coelicolor. This is the first analysis of lipoproteins and lipoprotein biogenesis in Streptomyces and provides the first evidence that lipoprotein biogenesis could be essential in a Gram‐positive bacterium. This report also provides the first experimental evidence that Tat plays a major role in the translocation of lipoproteins in a specific bacterium.
FfVel1 and FfLae1, components of a velvet‐like complex in Fusarium fujikuroi, affect differentiation, secondary metabolism and virulence
Authors: Wiemann Philipp , Brown Daren W. , Kleigrewe Karin , Bok Jin Woo , Keller Nancy P. , Humpf Hans‐Ulrich , Tudzynski Bettina 
Published: June 2010

SummaryBesides industrially produced gibberellins (GAs), Fusarium fujikuroi is able to produce additional secondary metabolites such as the pigments bikaverin and neurosporaxanthin and the mycotoxins fumonisins and fusarin C. The global regulation of these biosynthetic pathways is only poorly understood. Recently, the velvet complex containing VeA and several other regulatory proteins was shown to be involved in global regulation of secondary metabolism and differentiation in Aspergillus nidulans. Here, we report on the characterization of two components of the F. fujikuroi velvet‐like complex, FfVel1 and FfLae1. The gene encoding this first reported LaeA orthologue outside the class of Eurotiomycetidae is upregulated in ΔFfvel1 microarray‐studies and FfLae1 interacts with FfVel1 in the nucleus. Deletion of Ffvel1 and Fflae1 revealed for the first time that velvet can simultaneously act as positive (GAs, fumonisins and fusarin C) and negative (bikaverin) regulator of secondary metabolism, and that both components affect conidiation and virulence of F. fujikuroi. Furthermore, the velvet‐like protein FfVel2 revealed similar functions regarding conidiation, secondary metabolism and virulence as FfVel1. Cross‐genus complementation studies of velvet complex component mutants between Fusarium, Aspergillus and Penicillium support an ancient origin for this complex, which has undergone a divergence in specific functions mediating development and secondary metabolism.
Cell dispersal in biofilms: an extracellular DNA masks nature's strongest glue
Authors: Kirkpatrick Clare L. , Viollier Patrick H. 
Published: June 2010

SummaryGrowth in biofilms provides bacterial species with many advantages over growth in suspension, e.g. colonization of nutrient‐rich areas. In the α‐proteobacterium Caulobacter crescentus biofilm formation is facilitated through its asymmetric cell division, where one daughter cell becomes a motile flagellated swarmer cell able to colonize new surfaces while the other remains as a stalked cell attached to the substrate through the adhesive holdfast. The Caulobacter biofilm consists of stalked cells arranged either in a monolayer or in a multicellular ‘mushroom’ structure. In this issue of Molecular Microbiology, Berne et al. demonstrate that extracellular DNA (eDNA) from lysed cells prevents biofilm maturation. eDNA masks the adhesive properties of newly synthesized holdfast to enable the escape of swarmer cells from the biofilm. By contrast, holdfasts on previously attached stalked cells remain unaffected by eDNA. Surprisingly, the inhibitory effect was genus‐specific, as only DNA from Caulobacter, but not from other genera, could interfere with biofilm maturation. This study reveals a new role for DNA in biofilms, as a regulatory rather than a structural component, and a novel mechanism to facilitate the escape of cells from biofilms. A compelling case is made for the existence of a new type of genus‐specific ‘macromolecular language’.
Changes in helper lymphocyte chemokine receptor expression and elevation of IP‐10 during acute respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants
Authors: Roe Michael F. E. , Bloxham David M. , Cowburn Andrew S. , O’Donnell Diarmuid R. 
Published: June 2010

To cite this article: Roe MFE, Bloxham DM, Cowburn AS, O’Donnell DR. Changes in helper lymphocyte chemokine receptor expression and elevation of IP‐10 during acute respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2011; 22: 229–234.AbstractIt is known that lymphopenia caused by apoptosis may occur during severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. However, further evidence about how T‐cell subsets may be affected in infants during severe RSV bronchiolitis is needed to understand the mechanisms through which immunological memory may be altered. There is increasingly convincing evidence that RSV may be associated with the development of atopy and asthma. Surrogates of Th1, Th2 and regulatory T‐lymphocyte populations were measured in blood from children with acute RSV bronchiolitis and in convalescence using the cell surface receptors CXCR3, CCR4 and CD25, respectively. Samples were also obtained from healthy age‐matched controls. Plasma levels of the chemokines interferon‐γ inducible protein‐10 (IP‐10) and thymus and activation‐regulated chemokine (TARC), which are known ligands for CXCR3 and CCR4, were also measured. Free plasma DNA was measured using quantitative PCR. CXCR3‐positive cells were significantly decreased during acute infection (p = 0.013), while CCR4 and CD25 T‐cell populations were unchanged. Plasma levels of IP‐10 were markedly elevated in acute infection (p = 0.001). Convalescent samples were not significantly different to control samples for lymphocyte phenotypes or plasma chemokines. Elevated free plasma DNA was detected during acute infection compared with convalescence and controls. A profound reduction in the Th1, but not Th2, and CD25‐positive lymphocyte populations associated with exaggerated IP‐10 production occurs in severe RSV bronchiolitis. Free DNA is detectable in plasma. This may allow significant alterations in the generation of T‐cell memory.
Abernethy malformation complicated by hepatopulmonary syndrome and a liver mass successfully treated by liver transplantation
Authors: Osorio Maria Joana , Bonow Alison , Bond Geoffrey J. , Rivera Marcus R. , Vaughan Kevin G. , Shah Amisha , Shneider Benjamin L. 
Published: June 2010

Osorio MJ, Bonow A, Bond GJ, Rivera MR, Vaughan KG, Shah A, Shneider BL. Abernethy malformation complicated by hepatopulmonary syndrome and a liver mass successfully treated by liver transplantation. Pediatr Transplantation 2011: 15: E149–E151. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  A seven‐yr‐old boy presented with persistent oxygen requirement following a respiratory infection. Physical exam was remarkable for orthodeoxia and digital clubbing. Laboratory evaluation showed elevated A‐a oxygen gradient of 48 mmHg and mildly elevated transaminases. Sonography showed a 13 cm multilobulated liver mass and a biopsy revealed histological findings consistent with focal nodular hyperplasia. MAA scan revealed 23% right to left shunting. Abdominal CTA and MRV demonstrated the absence of the intrahepatic portal vein with an extrahepatic portocaval shunt. Abernethy malformation is a rare anomalous intra‐ or extrahepatic communication between portal blood flow and systemic venous return. In rare cases, Abernethy malformation results in HPS. Ours is the sixth case report to describe the co‐existence of these two entities. Surgical correction of anomalous hepatic vasculature or liver transplant is imperative to restoration of lung function and also to prevent progression of possible malignant liver tumors. We describe the second patient with Abernethy and HPS who underwent liver transplant with complete resolution of HPS.