bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of the Biosynthesis of the Macrolide Antibiotic Spiramycin in
Streptomyces ambofaciens
Authors: Karray Fatma , Darbon Emmanuelle , Nguyen Hoang Chuong , Gagnat Josette , Pernodet Jean-Luc 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT

Streptomyces ambofaciens
synthesizes the macrolide antibiotic spiramycin. The biosynthetic gene cluster for spiramycin has been characterized for
S. ambofaciens.
In addition to the regulatory gene
srmR
(
srm22
), previously identified (M. Geistlich et al., Mol. Microbiol. 6:2019-2029, 1992), three putative regulatory genes had been identified by sequence analysis. Gene expression analysis and gene inactivation experiments showed that only one of these three genes,
srm40
, plays a major role in the regulation of spiramycin biosynthesis. The disruption of
srm22
or
srm40
eliminated spiramycin production while their overexpression increased spiramycin production. Expression analysis was performed by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) for all the genes of the cluster in the wild-type strain and in the
srm22
(
srmR
) and
srm40
deletion mutants. The results from the expression analysis, together with the ones from the complementation experiments, indicated that Srm22 is required for
srm40
expression, Srm40 being a pathway-specific activator that controls most, if not all, of the spiramycin biosynthetic genes.
Transcriptomic and Phenotypic Characterization of aBacillus subtilisStrain without Extracytoplasmic Function σ Factors
Authors: Luo Yun , Asai Kei , Sadaie Yoshito , Helmann John D. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTBacillus subtilisencodes seven extracytoplasmic function (ECF) σ factors. Three (σM, σW, and σX) mediate responses to cell envelope-active antibiotics. The functions of σV, σY, σZ, and σYlaCremain largely unknown, and strong inducers of these σ factors and their regulons have yet to be defined. Here, we define transcriptomic and phenotypic differences under nonstress conditions between a strain carrying deletions in all seven ECF σ factor genes (the Δ7ECF mutant), a ΔMWX triple mutant, and the parental 168 strain. Our results identify >80 genes as at least partially dependent on ECF σ factors, and as expected, most of these are dependent on σM, σW, or σX, which are active at a significant basal level during growth. Several genes, including theepsoperon encoding enzymes for exopolysaccharide (EPS) production, were decreased in expression in the Δ7ECF mutant but affected less in the ΔMWX mutant. Consistent with this observation, the Δ7ECF mutant (but not the ΔMWX mutant) showed reduced biofilm formation. Extending previous observations, we also note that the ΔMWX mutant is sensitive to a variety of antibiotics and the Δ7ECF mutant is either as sensitive as, or slightly more sensitive than, the ΔMWX strain to these stressors. These findings emphasize the overlapping nature of the seven ECF σ factor regulons inB. subtilis, confirm that three of these (σM, σW, and σX) play the dominant role in conferring intrinsic resistance to antibiotics, and provide initial insights into the roles of the remaining ECF σ factors.
The cost of medical management of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial disease in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Leber A. , Marras T.K. 
Published: September 2010

Treatment of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection is complex, requiring multiple antibiotics and a prolonged treatment course. We determined the monthly cost of treating patients with pulmonary NTM infections in our clinic, a tertiary care centre in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.We reviewed records of a single clinic at the University Health Network (Toronto) for all patients with pulmonary NTM isolates. Pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatment costs were calculated using a number of Canadian references.172 patients were reviewed, 91 of whom were treated pharmacologically. The median total duration and cost per treated patient were 14 months (interquartile range (IQR) 9–23 months) and CAD 4,916 (IQR CAD 2,934–9,063), respectively. Median monthly drug treatment cost was CAD 321 (IQR CAD 254–458) for all patients, CAD 289 (IQR CAD 237–341) for patients receiving exclusively oral antibiotics and CAD 1,161 (IQR CAD 795–1,646) for patients whose treatment includedi.v.antibiotics. The most costly oral regiment consisted of a fluroquinolone, macrolide and rifampin. In multivariable analysis,Mycobacterium abscessusinfection,i.v.therapy andMycobacterium xenopiinfection were all associated with increased monthly treatment costs.The direct medical costs of NTM infections are substantial. Less expensive alternative therapies might be most helpful forM. abscessusinfection and wheni.v.antibiotics are deemed necessary.
Adenotonsillectomy improves slow-wave activity in children with obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Ben-Israel N. , Zigel Y. , Tal A. , Segev Y. , Tarasiuk A. 
Published: September 2010

The aim of the present study was to estimate slow-wave activity (SWA), a marker of sleep homeostasis, in children with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) before and after adenotonsillectomy (AT) compared with untreated OSA children (comparison group).14 children with OSA (mean±sdage 6.4±2.5 yrs; apnoea–hypopnoea index (AHI) 10.0±10.3 events·h−1) who underwent AT were consecutively recruited to the study. The comparison group comprised six retrospectively recruited children (age 5.4±2.2 yrs; AHI 9.4±7.6 events·h−1) with OSA that did not undergo treatment. Electroencephalogram (derivation C3/A2) was analysed using spectral and waveform analysis to determine SWA energy and slow-wave slope. The same procedure was repeated 5.4 and 19 months later for the AT and comparison groups, respectively.AT improved respiration without a change in duration of sleep stages. Following AT, >50% elevation of SWA during the first two sleep cycles (p<0.01) and a more physiological decay of SWA across the night (p<0.0001) were noted. The slow-wave slope increased by >30% following AT (p<0.03). No significant changes were found in SWA in the comparison group.Sleep homeostasis is considerably impaired in pre-pubescent children with OSA. AT restores more physiological sleep homeostasis in children with OSA. SWA analysis may provide a useful addition to standard sleep-stage analyses in children with OSA.
Signalling pathway of isophorone diisocyanate-responsive interleukin-8 in airway smooth muscle cells
Authors: Kuo P-L. , Huang M-S. , Huang S-K. , Ni W-C. , Hung J-Y. , Ko Y-C. , Hung C-H. , Tsai Y-M. , Duh T-H. , Hsu Y-L. 
Published: September 2010

This study is the first to analyse the soluble factors secreted by the bronchial epithelium after exposure to isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) that are responsible for increasing migration and proliferation of primary normal human bronchial smooth muscle cells (BSMCs).We treated immortalised, nontumorigenic human bronchial epithelial cells (cell line BEAS-2B) and primary normal human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC) with IPDI, and then collected the conditioned culture media (IPDI-BEAS-2B-CM and IPDI-HBEC-CM, respectively), which was added to BSMCs.Exposure of BEAS-2B cells and HBECs to IPDI increased interleukin (IL)-8 production. Culture of BSMCs with IPDI-BEAS-2B-CM and IPDI-HBEC-CM increased BSMC proliferation and migration, which are major features in asthma-related airway remodelling. Induction of BSMC proliferation and migration by IPDI-BEAS-2B-CM and IPDI-HBEC-CM was associated with increased focal adhesion kinase (FAK), Src, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and AKT activation. Blocking FAK with a specific inhibitor significantly decreased BSMC migration and proliferation by inhibiting ERK1/2 activation. FAK and ERK1/2 inhibitor also decreased IPDI-BEAS-2B-CM-, IPDI-HBEC-CM- and recombinant human IL-8-mediated BSMC proliferation and migration, whereas blocking Rnd3 using small interfering RNA failed to affect BSMC proliferation, suggesting that Rnd3 was only involved in the regulation of BSMC migration.Our study suggests that inhibition of IL-8 or IL-8-mediated FAK/ERK/Rnd3 signalling is an attractive therapeutic target for IPDI-mediated asthma.
Modeling and optimizing of sonochemical degradation of Basic Blue 41 via response surface methodology
Authors: Parsa Jalal , Abbasi Mahmood 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The nanocatalyst-assisted sonodegradation of Basic Blue 41 (BB41) dye in aqueous medium was modeled and optimized using response surface method (RSM) based on Box-Behnken design. The studied variables included pH, initial dye concentration, H2O2 concentration and sonolysis time while each factor varied at three levels: Low level (−1), Medium level (0) and High level (+1). The ultrasound -assisted degradation was well described by developing quadratic model with correlation value squared (R2) of 0.9114. Factor effects along with interaction effects were evaluated. The graphical optimization step was conducted to achieve the best experimental condition in dye removal. pH, H2O2 concentration and initial dye concentration of the reaction were investigated. It was recognized that at lower pH values the dye removal rate decreased. However, dye removal rate increased (82.5%) by increasing the concentration of H2O2 and by lowering the initial dye concentration.
Ionic liquids - deanol derivatives as the Diels-Alder reaction solvents
Authors: Janus Ewa , Syguda Anna , Materna Katarzyna 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The Diels-Alder reaction between cyclopentadiene and dienophiles in deanol derivatives containing bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anion as media have been studied. The effect of the substituents attached to the cation on the endo:exo selectivity as well as the reaction yield have been evaluated in the absence and presence of Lewis acid catalyst - Y(OTf)3. Catalytic activity of metal triflates and the recycling of chosen catalytic systems have also been investigated
A Protein’s Conformational Stability Is an Immunologically Dominant Factor: Evidence That Free-Energy Barriers for Protein Unfolding Limit the Immunogenicity of Foreign Proteins
Authors: Ohkuri Takatoshi , Nagatomo Satoko , Oda Kenji , So Takanori , Imoto Taiji , Ueda Tadashi 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Foreign protein Ags are incorporated into APCs and then degraded by endosomal proteases. The peptides are then mounted on MHC II molecules on the surfaces of APCs. The T cell-triggering response and, therefore, the immune response, were suggested to be governed by the degree of conformational stability of the foreign protein Ags. However, there is little evidence that a protein’s conformational stability is an immunologically dominant factor. In this study, we show that a protein has a threshold of conformational stability to prevent the immunogenicity of foreign proteins. Inverse and linear correlations were found between the amount of IgG production against lysozymes and the free-energy change for the unfolding of lysozymes, based on the correlation between the free-energy changes of the protein unfolding and the amount of IgG production against lysozymes with different stabilities in mice using hen egg white lysozyme derivatives and mutant mouse lysozymes, in which the sequence between 107 and 116 is replaced with that of hen egg white lysozyme, which can produce autoantibodies in mice. Interestingly, the thresholds of free-energy changes for both lysozymes to prevent their immunogenicity were almost identical (21–23 kcal/mol). To confirm the results, we also showed that the cross-linking of Phl p 7, in which intact Phl p 7 has stability greater than ∼20 kcal/mol under physiological conditions, induced minimal IgG production in mice, whereas intact Phl p 7 was antigenic. From the above results, we suggest that protein conformational stability was an immunologically dominant factor.
The Agonists of Formyl Peptide Receptors Prevent Development of Severe Sepsis after Microbial Infection
Authors: Kim Sang Doo , Kim Yoon-Keun , Lee Ha Young , Kim You-Sun , Jeon Seong Gyu , Baek Suk-Hwan , Song Dong-Keun , Ryu Sung Ho , Bae Yoe-Sik 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Severe sepsis, a principal cause of death in intensive care units, occurs when host immune defenses fail to combat invading microbes. In this paper, we report that the administration of peptide agonists of formyl peptide receptors, including Trp-Lys-Tyr-Met-Val-D-Met (WKYMVm), protected against death by enhanced bactericidal activity and inhibition of vital organ inflammation and immune cell apoptosis in a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) sepsis mouse model. The administration of WKYMVm also enhanced the production of type 1 (IFN-γ and IL-12) and type 17 (IL-17 and TGF-β) cytokines in CLP mice. In contrast, the administration of WKYMVm inhibited the production of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) in the CLP mice. The therapeutic and bactericidal effects of WKYMVm were partly reversed in IFN-γ–deficient mice, whereas target organ inflammation was not. Meanwhile, the therapeutic and anti-inflammatory effects of WKYMVm were partly reversed in IL-17–deficient mice. In addition, the administration of WKYMVm also enhanced type 1 and type 17 Th cell responses in mice sensitized with LPS plus Ags. These results suggest that the agonists of formyl peptide receptors effectively prevent development of severe sepsis following microbial infection partly via augmentation of type 1 and type 17 immune responses.
Pandemic H1N1 Influenza A Viruses Are Resistant to the Antiviral Activities of Innate Immune Proteins of the Collectin and Pentraxin Superfamilies
Authors: Job Emma R. , Deng Yi-Mo , Tate Michelle D. , Bottazzi Barbara , Crouch Erika C. , Dean Melinda M. , Mantovani Alberto , Brooks Andrew G. , Reading Patrick C. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Acquired immune responses elicited to recent strains of seasonal H1N1 influenza viruses provide limited protection against emerging A(H1N1) pandemic viruses. Accordingly, pre-existing or rapidly induced innate immune defenses are of critical importance in limiting early infection. Respiratory secretions contain proteins of the innate immune system, including members of the collectin and pentraxin superfamilies. These mediate potent antiviral activity and act as an initial barrier to influenza infection. In this study, we have examined the sensitivity of H1N1 viruses, including pandemic virus strains, for their sensitivity to collectins (surfactant protein [SP]-D and mannose-binding lectin [MBL]) and to the pentraxin PTX3. Human SP-D and MBL inhibited virus-induced hemagglutinating activity, blocked the enzymatic activity of the viral neuraminidase, and neutralized the ability of H1N1 viruses to infect human respiratory epithelial cells in a manner that correlated with the degree of glycosylation in the globular head of the hemagglutinin. Recent seasonal H1N1 viruses expressed three to four N-glycosylation sequons on the head of hemagglutinin and were very sensitive to inhibition by SP-D or MBL, whereas A(H1N1) pandemic viruses expressed a single N-glycosylation sequon and were resistant to either collectin. Of interest, both seasonal and pandemic H1N1 viruses were resistant to PTX3. Thus, unlike recent seasonal H1N1 strains of influenza virus, A(H1N1) pandemic viruses are resistant to the antiviral activities of innate immune proteins of the collectin superfamily.
ChemInform Abstract: Matrix Reactions of SiH4 and GeH4 with F2. IR Spectra of Several HF Product Complexes.
Authors: MCINNIS T. C. , ANDREWS L. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver, Sodium Halosodalites: Class A Sodalites.
Authors: STEIN A. , OZIN G. A. , MACDONALD P. M. , STUCKY G. D. , JELINEK R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Single Crystal X‐Ray Study of Zr3NiO
Authors: MACKAY R. , FRANZEN H. F. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐ and Two‐Photon Spectroscopy of the Hexafluoroplatinate(IV) Ion.
Authors: CAMPOCHIARO C. , MCCLURE D. S. , PATTERSON H. H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural and Magnetic Behavior of the Series Th2Fe17Cx (x = 0 to 1. 25).
Authors: ISNARD O. , SOUBEYROUX J. L. , FRUCHART D. , JACOBS T. H. , BUSCHOW K. H. J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Thermal Decomposition of Silver Amidotriphosphate, Ag4P3O9NH2,
Authors: TAKENAKA A. , MOTOOKA I. , NARIAI H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Alkaline Medium on Nickel Modified with WO2‐ 4 or MoO2‐ 4.
Authors: SAVADOGO O. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Sr5Au2O8
Authors: WEINREICH J. , MUELLER‐BUSCHBAUM HK. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Alchemists at the Court of Hapsburg. Part 2. All Swindlers Setting out for Vienna and Prague.
Authors: SZABADVARY F. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chain Conformation from the Direct Calculation of the Raman Spectra of the Liquid n‐Alkanes C12‐C20.
Authors: SNYDER R. G. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Electron‐Nuclear Double Resonance Study of the Lowest Triplet State of Pyrimidine.
Authors: DONCKERS M. C. J. M. , GORCESTER J. , GROENEN E. J. J. , SCHMIDT J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Measurement of the Dipole Moment of Gaseous 1,1,1‐ Trichlorotrifluoroethane, 1,2‐Difluoroethane, 1,1,2‐ Trichlorotrifluoroethane, and 2‐(Difluoromethoxy)‐1,1,1‐ trifluoroethane.
Authors: GOODWIN A. R. H. , MORRISON G. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Characterization of Rose Bengal‐N,N′‐Dimethyl‐4,4′‐bipyridinium Complexes and Their Separation in Aqueous SiO2 Colloids: Photophysical Properties of Rose Bengal in the Microheterogeneous System.
Authors: WILLNER I. , EICHEN Y. , JOSELEVICH E. , FRANK A. J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Reduction of the Carbon‐Bromine Bond in Bromo Epoxides.
Authors: BHUVANESWARI N. , VENKATACHALAM C. S. , BALASUBRAMANIAN K. K. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Anodic Oxidation of 2‐Alkyl‐2‐trialkylsilyl‐1,3‐dithianes. A Facile Preparation of Acylsilanes.
Authors: SUDA K. , WATANABE J. , TAKANAMI T. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Partial Oxidation of Methane Over a Monolith Supported Catalyst.
Authors: HOCHMUTH J. K. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Access to Chiral Allenedicarboxylates by Deracemization Process.
Authors: NARUSE Y. , WATANABE H. , INAGAKI S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.