bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AMPA receptor antibodies in limbic encephalitis alter synaptic receptor location
Authors: Lai Meizan , Hughes Ethan G. , Peng Xiaoyu , Zhou Lei , Gleichman Amy J. , Shu Huidy , Matà Sabrina , Kremens Daniel , Vitaliani Roberta , Geschwind Michael D. , Bataller Luis , Kalb Robert G. , Davis Rebecca , Graus Francesc , Lynch David R. , Balice‐Gordon Rita , Dalmau Josep 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo report the clinical and immunological features of a novel autoantigen related to limbic encephalitis (LE) and the effect of patients' antibodies on neuronal cultures.MethodsWe conducted clinical analyses of 10 patients with LE. Immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry were used to identify the antigens. Human embryonic kidney 293 cells expressing the antigens were used in immunocytochemistry and enzyme‐linked immunoabsorption assay. The effect of patients' antibodies on cultures of live rat hippocampal neurons was determined with confocal microscopy.ResultsMedian age was 60 (38–87) years; 9 were women. Seven had tumors of the lung, breast, or thymus. Nine patients responded to immunotherapy or oncological therapy, but neurological relapses, without tumor recurrence, were frequent and influenced the long‐term outcome. One untreated patient died of LE. All patients had antibodies against neuronal cell surface antigens that by immunoprecipitation were found to be the glutamate receptor 1 (GluR1) and GluR2 subunits of the α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR). Human embryonic kidney 293 cells expressing GluR1/2 reacted with all patients' sera or cerebrospinal fluid, providing a diagnostic test for the disorder. Application of antibodies to cultures of neurons significantly decreased the number of GluR2‐containing AMPAR clusters at synapses with a smaller decrease in overall AMPAR cluster density; these effects were reversed after antibody removal.InterpretationAntibodies to GluR1/2 associate with LE that is often paraneoplastic, treatment responsive, and has a tendency to relapse. Our findings support an antibody‐mediated pathogenesis in which patients' antibodies alter the synaptic localization and number of AMPARs. Ann Neurol 2009;65:424–434
Clinical‐neuroimaging characteristics of dysexecutive mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Pa Judy , Boxer Adam , Chao Linda L. , Gazzaley Adam , Freeman Katie , Kramer Joel , Miller Bruce L. , Weiner Michael W. , Neuhaus John , Johnson Julene K. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectiveSubgroups of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have been proposed, but few studies have investigated the nonamnestic, single‐domain subgroup of MCI. The goal of the study was to compare clinical and neuroimaging characteristics of two single‐domain MCI subgroups: amnestic MCI and dysexecutive MCI.MethodsWe compared the cognitive, functional, behavioral, and brain imaging characteristics of patients with amnestic MCI (n = 26), patients with dysexecutive MCI (n = 32), and age‐ and education‐matched control subjects (n = 36) using analysis of variance and χ2 tests. We used voxel‐based morphometry to examine group differences in brain magnetic resonance imaging atrophy patterns.ResultsPatients with dysexecutive MCI had significantly lower scores on the majority of executive function tests, increased behavioral symptoms, and left prefrontal cortex atrophy on magnetic resonance imaging when compared with control subjects. In contrast, patients with amnestic MCI had significantly lower scores on tests of memory and a pattern of atrophy including bilateral hippocampi and entorhinal cortex, right inferior parietal cortex, and posterior cingulate gyrus when compared with control subjects.InterpretationOverall, the clinical and neuroimaging findings provide support for two distinct single‐domain subgroups of MCI, one involving executive function and the other involving memory. The brain imaging differences suggest that the two MCI subgroups have distinct patterns of brain atrophy. Ann Neurol 2009;65:414–423
Oxidative stress in SEPN1‐related myopathy: From pathophysiology to treatment
Authors: Arbogast Sandrine , Beuvin Maud , Fraysse Bodvaël , Zhou Haïyan , Muntoni Francesco , Ferreiro Ana 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectiveMutations of the selenoprotein N gene (SEPN1) cause SEPN1‐related myopathy (SEPN1‐RM), a novel early‐onset muscle disorder formerly divided into four different nosological categories. Selenoprotein N (SelN) is the only selenoprotein involved in a genetic disease; its function being unknown, no treatment is available for this potentially lethal disorder. Our objective was to clarify the role of SelN and the pathophysiology of SEPN1‐RM to identify therapeutic targets.MethodsWe established and analyzed an ex vivo model of SelN deficiency using fibroblast and myoblast primary cultures from patients with null SEPN1 mutations. DCFH assay, OxyBlot, Western blot, Fura‐2, and cell survival studies were performed to measure intracellular oxidant activity, oxidative stress markers, calcium handling, and response to exogenous treatments.ResultsSelN‐depleted cells showed oxidative/nitrosative stress manifested by increased intracellular oxidant activity (reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide) and/or excessive oxidation of proteins, including the contractile proteins actin and myosin heavy chain II in myotubes. SelN‐devoid myotubes showed also Ca2+ homeostasis abnormalities suggesting dysfunction of the redox‐sensor Ca2+ channel ryanodine receptor type 1. Furthermore, absence of SelN was associated with abnormal susceptibility to H2O2‐induced oxidative stress, demonstrated by increased cell death. This cell phenotype was restored by pretreatment with the antioxidant N‐acetylcysteine.InterpretationSelN plays a key role in redox homeostasis and human cell protection against oxidative stress. Oxidative/nitrosative stress is a primary pathogenic mechanism in SEPN1‐RM, which can be effectively targeted ex vivo by antioxidants. These findings pave the way to SEPN1‐RM treatment, which would represent a first specific pharmacological treatment for a congenital myopathy. Ann Neurol 2009;65:677–686
Thermal cure behavior and pyrolysis of methyl‐tri(phenylethynyl)silane resin
Authors: Zhou Quan , Ni Lizhong 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA polyfunctional organic–inorganic hybrid monomer, methyl‐tri(phenylethynyl)silane (MTPES) could be thermally polymerized by a free radical mechanism to a highly crosslinked structure of interest as a high temperature composite matrix resin. The structural changes during thermal cure process were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectrum and 13C‐CP‐MAS‐NMR spectrum. The disappearance of secondary acetylene stretching band at 2166 cm−1 was used successfully to monitor cure reaction accompanied with the formation of cis‐polyene structure at 1600 and 754 cm−1. The possible cure mechanism of MTPES was also proposed. The pyrolysis of cured MTPES under a stream of argon to 1450°C gave a ceramic in high yield (81%). Thermal conversion of polymer to ceramic was studied by means of X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectrum, and energy dispersive spectrometer analysis. The results showed that pyrolytic products were made up of β‐SiC, graphite, and glassy carbon. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Terpolymer resin VIII: Chelation ion‐exchange properties of 2,4‐dihydroxybenzophenone‐oxamide‐formaldehyde terpolymer resins
Authors: Butoliya S. S. , Zade A. B. , Gurnule W. B. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTerpolymer resins (2,4‐DHBPOF) were synthesized by the condensation of 2,4‐dihydroxybenzophenone and oxamide with formaldehyde in the presence of acid catalyst and using varied molar ratios of reacting monomers. Terpolymer resins composition has been determined on the basis of elemental analysis and the number average molecular weight of these resins was determined by conductometric titration in nonaqueous medium. Viscometric measurements in N,N‐dimethyl formamide have been carried out with view to ascertain the characteristic functions and constants. UV–visible, IR and NMR spectra were studied to elucidate the structure. The ion‐exchange study of the prepared resin was checked by batch equilibrium method with selected metal ions, Cu2+, Hg2+, Cd2+, Co2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, and Fe3+ at varying electrolyte concentration, pH and time. It is found that, resin can be used as ion exchanger. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Optimization of preparation conditions of carboxymethyl potato starch through orthogonal experimental design
Authors: Bi Yinghui , Liu Mingzhu , Wu Lan , Cui Dapeng 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTo optimize the preparation conditions of carboxymethyl potato starch (CMPS), the effects of relevant factors on viscosity (η) of 2% CMPS aqueous solution and degree of substitution (DS) were investigated. These condition parameters included etherification temperature, alkalization and etherification time, water content in the mixed solvent, ratio of liquid volume to starch mass, molar ratio of sodium hydroxide to monochloroacetic acid, and molar ratio of monochloroacetic acid to anhydroglucose unit. After individual parameter influencing η and DS was researched one by one, an orthogonal experiment of L18 (2 × 37) was designed to identify the main factors affecting them. In light of range analysis, the comparative importance of factors impacting η and DS was obtained, separately. Results of variance analysis showed that the most effective factor to control DS was etherification temperature, whereas the influences of all factors on η were not significant. Meanwhile, η and DS of the optimized final product were found to be 12,000 mPa.s and 0.68, respectively. In addition, the structure of CMPS was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
A starch‐based biodegradable film modified by nano silicon dioxide
Authors: Tang Huali , Xiong Hanguo , Tang Shangwen , Zou Peng 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this work was to improve the properties of the starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) films with nano silicon dioxide (nano SiO2). Starch/PVA/nano‐SiO2 biodegradable blend films were prepared by a solution casting method. The characteristics of the films were assessed by Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results obtained in this study indicated that the nano‐SiO2 particles were dispersed evenly within the starch/PVA coating and an intermolecular hydrogen bond and a strong chemical bond COSi were formed in the nano‐SiO2 and starch/PVA. That the blending of starch, PVA and nano‐SiO2 particles led to uniform starch/PVA/nano‐SiO2 blend films with better mechanical properties. In addition, the nano‐SiO2 particles can improve the water resistance and light transmission of the blend films. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Preparation and characterization of a novel thermosensitive hydrogel based on chitosan and gelatin blends
Authors: Chang Yuhua , Xiao Ling , Tang Qian 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn this study, a novel injectable in situ gelling thermosensitive hydrogel system based on chitosan and gelatin blends was designed and investigated. The addition of gelatin provides the correct buffering and other physicochemical conditions including control of hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding, which are necessary to retain chitosan in solution at neutral pH near 4°C and furthermore to allow gel formation upon heating to body temperature. The chitosan/gelatin hydrogels were studied by FTIR, swelling, and rheological analysis. The rheological analysis evidenced the endothermic gelation of chitosan/gelatin solutions, which indicated their gelation temperatures and reflected the effect of gelatin concentration on the thermosensitive properties of gels. The morphology of this system was examined with laser scanning confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The images indicated that the gels were quite heterogeneous and porous. The investigation of these gels as vehicles for delivering bovine serum albumin as a model drug of protein showed that the system could sustain the release of the protein drug. These results show that chitosan/gelatin solutions can form gels rapidly at body temperature and have promising perspective for their use in local and sustained delivery of protein drug. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Effect of plasticizer on the crystallization behavior of poly(lactic acid)
Authors: Xiao Hanwen , Lu Wei , Yeh Jen‐Taut 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn this article, the spherulitic morphology and growth rate of the neat and plasticized poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with triphenyl phosphate (TPP) were compared and analyzed by polarizing optical microscopy with hot stage at a temperature range of 100−142°C. The spherulitic morphology of the neat PLA underwent a series of changes such as the typical Maltese Cross at less than 132°C, the disappearance of the Maltese Cross at 133°C, the irregular and distorted spherulites at higher than 134 and 142°C, respectively. For plasticized PLA, the spherulitic morphology exhibited the same changes as neat PLA, but these changes were shifted to lower temperature when compared with neat PLA. In the case of the spherulitic growth, neat PLA had the maximum value of 0.28 μm/s at 132°C, and plasticized PLA had higher values than that of neat PLA. Further analysis based on the Lauritzen–Hoffman theory was presented and results showed that the values of nucleation parameter Kg increased with TPP content. The crystallization behavior of PLA was analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction. The results showed that the degree of crystallinity of plasticized PLA markedly increased when compared with neat PLA sharply with the incorporation of plasticizer. The crystallization kinetics for the neat and plasticized PLA under isothermal crystallization at 114°C was described by the Avrami equation and the Avrami exponent is close to 2, implying that the crystallization mechanism did not change. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Electrochemical polymerization of 2‐phenylindole and characterization of its polymer
Authors: Li Yuzhen , Cui Jinguo , Liu Houting , Rao Yi , Xu Jingkun , Hou Jian 
Published: March 2009

AbstractHigh‐quality poly(2‐phenylindole) (PPI) films were synthesized electrochemically by direct anodic oxidation of 2‐phenylindole (PI) in boron trifluoride diethyl etherate (BFEE). The onset oxidation potential of PI in this medium was measured to be only 0.83 V versus a saturated calomel electrode (SCE), which was much lower than that determined in acetonitrile (ACN) containing 0.1 mol L–1 tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate (1.05 V vs. SCE). PPI films obtained from BFEE showed good electrochemical behavior and thermal stability with an electrical conductivity of 10–2 S cm–1. Structural studies showed that the polymerization of PI mainly occurred at the 3,6‐positions. As‐formed PPI films could be partly dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide. Fluorescence spectral studies indicated that PPI was a blue‐green light emitter. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Reentrant phase transition and fast responsive behaviors of poly{N‐[3‐(dimethylaminopropyl)] methacrylamide} hydrogels prepared in poly(ethylene glycol) solutions
Authors: Demirel Gökçen Birlik , Çaykara Tuncer 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMacroporous temperature‐sensitive poly {N‐[3‐(dimethylaminopropyl)] methacrylamide} hydrogels were synthesized by free‐radical crosslinking polymerization of the monomer N‐[3‐(dimethylaminopropyl)] methacrylamide and the crosslinker N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide in aqueous solutions at 22°C. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) with a molecular weight of 1000 g/mol was used as the pore‐forming agent during the polymerization reaction. The concentration of PEG in the polymerization solutions was varied between 0 and 18 wt %, whereas the crosslinker (N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide) concentration was fixed at 2 wt % (with respect to the monomer). The effects of the PEG concentration on the thermo‐induced phase‐transition behavior and the chemical structure, interior morphology, and swelling/deswelling kinetics were investigated. Normal‐type hydrogels were also prepared under the same conditions without PEG. An interesting feature of the swelling behavior of both the normal‐type and macroporous hydrogels was the reentrant phase transition, in which the hydrogels collapsed once and reswelled as the temperature was continuously increased. Scanning electron micrographs revealed that the interior network structure of the hydrogels prepared in PEG solutions became more porous with an increase in the PEG concentration in the polymerization solution. This more porous matrix provided numerous water channels for water diffusion in or out of the matrix and, therefore, an improved responsive rate to external temperature changes during the deswelling and swelling processes. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Systematic development of hybrid cybernetic models: Application to recombinant yeast co‐consuming glucose and xylose
Authors: Song Hyun‐Seob , Morgan John A. , Ramkrishna Doraiswami 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe hybrid cybernetic modeling approach of Kim et al. (Kim et al. [2008] Biotechnol. Prog., in press) views the substrate uptake flux in microorganisms as being distributed in a regulated way among different elementary modes (EMs) of a metabolic network, which intracellular fluxes related to the uptake rates by the pseudo‐steady‐state approximation on intracellular metabolites. While the conceptual development has been demonstrated by Kim et al. (Kim et al. [2008] Biotechnol. Prog., in press) using a rather simple example (i.e., Escherichia coli metabolizing a single substrate), its extension to a larger scale network involving multiple substrates results in serious overparameterization (which implies an excessive number of parameters relative to the measurements available to determine them). Through the case study of recombinant Saccharomyces yeast co‐consuming glucose and xylose, we present a systematic way of formulating a minimal order hybrid cybernetic model (HCM) for a general metabolic network. The overparameterization problem mostly arising from a large number of EMs is avoided using a model reduction technique developed by Song and Ramkrishna (Song and Ramkrishna [2009a] Biotechnol. Bioeng. 102(2):554–568) where an original set of EMs is condensed to a much smaller subset. Detailed discussions follow on the issue of determining the minimal set of active modes needed for the description of the simultaneous consumption of multiple substrates. The developed HCM is compared with other metabolic models: macroscopic bioreaction models (Provost et al. [2006] Bioprocess Biosyt. Eng. 29(5–6):349–366), and dynamic flux balance analysis. It is shown that the HCM outperforms the other two as validated using various sets of fermentation data. The difference among the models is more dramatic in a situation such as the sequential utilization of glucose and xylose, which is observed under realistic fermentation conditions. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;103: 984–1002. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Polysubstituted Alkenes through a Phosphine‐Mediated Three‐Component System of Aldehydes, α‐Halo Carbonyl Compounds, and Terminal Alkenes
Authors: Liu Da‐Neng , Tian Shi‐Kai 
Published: March 2009

AbstractGeometrical control: PPh3 and methyl acrylate (or acrylamide) are able to mediate the one‐pot Wittig reaction of aldehydes with α‐halo carbonyl compounds for the synthesis of 1,2‐disubstituted and trisubstituted alkenes in an excellent stereoselective fashion. Furthermore, the first one‐pot, three‐component reaction of aldehydes, α‐halo acetates, and terminal alkenes has been developed in the presence of PPh3 to produce trisubstituted alkenes with excellent E selectivity (see scheme).magnified image
Proactive personality and work performance in China: The moderating effects of emotional exhaustion and perceived safety climate
Authors: Baba Vishwanath V. , Tourigny Louise , Wang Xiaoyun , Liu Weimin 
Published: March 2009

AbstractGrounded in the interactionist paradigm, this study shows that emotional exhaustion and perceived safety climate constitute important moderators of the relationship between proactive personality and work performance. More specifically, the study analyzes the relationship between proactive personality and its behavioural outcomes—organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) and job performance—and investigates the interactive effects of emotional exhaustion and perceived safety climate. The study involves 485 Chinese airline employees including pilots, flight attendants, engineers, and service employees. Proactive personality positively predicted OCB and individual performance. Emotional exhaustion and perceived safety climate moderated the relationship between proactive personality and individual performance both independently and jointly. Implications of the findings for future research are discussed. Copyright © 2009 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three‐dimensional computational fluid dynamics modelling of spouted bed
Authors: Santos Kassia G. , Murata Valéria V. , Barrozo Marcos A. S. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractNumerical simulation using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique associated with experimental verification is a useful tool for analysis of gas–solid multiphase flows. Simulations of the spouted bed fluid dynamic using two‐dimensional computational grids were accomplished in our previous works with good results. In this article, the patterns of solids and gas flows in a spouted bed were numerically simulated using the three‐dimensional (3D) Eulerian multiphase model. The minimum spouted condition was identified by the simulated solids volume fraction and pressure profiles. The simulated results show good agreement with experimental data and higher accuracy when compared with 2D simulations.
PCI, Stents, Clopidogrel and Non‐cardiac Surgery
Authors: Conti C. Richard 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWhat follows in this discussion is partially abstracted from a wonderful ACCEL interview with Peter Berger by Freek W.A. Verheugt on the subject of stopping antiplatelet therapy prior to non‐cardiac surgery. 1 I suspect what Dr. Berger believes is representative of the opinion of many interventional cardiologists. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.