bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
0126 Adverse Life Events and Emotion Dysregulation in Adolescents: Sleep Disturbances as a Potential Moderator
Authors: Moates Sydney , Bui Christy , Clifford Sierra , Lemery-Chalfant Kathryn , Doane Leah 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Adverse life events (ALEs) are linked with emotion dysregulation, negative affect, and risk for psychopathology. Sleep is adaptive for processing stressors and emotion, and inadequate sleep can increase negative emotions and alter individuals’ understanding, management, and expression of these emotions. Although research suggests that sleep disturbances can impact emotion regulation abilities, research has focused on clinical rather than community samples. Therefore, this study examined the association between ALEs and emotion dysregulation in a community sample of adolescents, and whether sleep disturbances moderated this relationship.

Methods
Participants were twin adolescents (N = 452; 50.8% female; 58.2% non-Hispanic White; 29.1% Hispanic/Latino) participating in a larger longitudinal study examining the influences of sleep and stressors on physical and mental health (Lemery-Chalfant et al., 2019). Twins completed questionnaires at the 13-year study wave (Mage = 13.62, SD = .95) including reports of total sleep disturbances over a typical week (Children’s Report of Sleep Patterns; α = .79; Meltzer et al., 2013), total adverse life events experienced (adapted Adverse Life Events Questionnaire; Tiet et al., 1998), and emotional dysregulation (Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale; α = .90; Gratz & Roemer, 2004). To account for nested data (twins within families), a mixed-effects model was conducted in SPSS to examine the main effect of ALEs on emotion dysregulation, and whether sleep disturbances moderated this association. Covariates included age, sex, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status.

Results
ALEs (b = .07, SE = .01, p &lt;.001) and sleep disturbances (b = .74, SE = .07, p &lt;.001) each significantly predicted greater emotion dysregulation, but sleep disturbances did not moderate the relationship between ALEs and emotion dysregulation (b = .02, SE = .02, p = .39).

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that interventions focused on increasing sleep quality and reducing ALEs may support adolescent emotion regulation. However, sleep did not serve as a moderator and our study was limited by cross-sectional self-report of sleep and retrospective self-report of adverse life events. Future research measuring sleep objectively may clarify whether typical sleep patterns (as opposed to sleep problems) may protect against emotion dysregulation for adolescents exposed to ALEs.

Support (if any)
NIH 2R01HD079520
0127 Sleep Problems Mediate the Indirect Effect of Adverse Childhood Events on Undergraduates' Psychological Functioning
Authors: Uhlman Charlotte , Magzoub Muram , Shanley Nina , Fiduccia Victoria , Peltz Jack 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Adverse Childhood Events (ACEs) are highly prevalent, with two-thirds of U.S. adults reporting at least one ACE and one-sixth reporting four or more occurrences before age 18 (Rasmussen et al., 2023). Recent research further suggests that ACEs promote vulnerability to sleep problems, and with upwards of 60% of college students reporting deficient sleep (Lund et al., 2010), addressing the association between ACEs and college students’ sleep is warranted. The need to address this issue is only increased by the robust links between poor sleep and mental health problems in college students (Peltz et al., 2019). Accordingly, the current study sought to clarify the prospective links between college students’ ACEs and their psychological functioning via their levels of sleep disturbance.

Methods
Based on a 2-wave design (baseline and 2-month follow-up), the current study included a sample of 331 participants (86% female) who were assessed through an online survey. The sample’s mean age was 21.3 years (SD = 2.4; range 18-34), and 65.9% of participants identified as white, with 18.4% Asian or Pacific Islander, 6.6% Latinx, 5.7% Black, and 3.3% multi-racial or “other.” Students’ mean family income was $108,391 (SD = $62,579), with approximately 22% of students reporting family incomes of $50,000 or less and 16.3% with family incomes greater than $200,000.

Results
Mediation analyses, conducted using the PROCESS macro for SPSS (v. 4.3, Hayes, 2022), examined if ACEs predicted indirect, residual changes in psychological flexibility (i.e., a critical set of skills that alter the function of difficult or unwanted thoughts, emotions, and experiences in individuals’ lives) via sleep disturbance. Controlling for students’ reports of their sleep hygiene, sleep environment, gender, and socioeconomic status, results suggested ACEs were cross-sectionally associated with higher levels of sleep disturbance, which, in turn, predicted residual decreases in psychological flexibility across the 2-month period.

Conclusion
Given the influence of ACEs on college students’ sleep and psychological functioning, findings highlight the importance of addressing the potential early impact of adversity on college students.

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0128 Links Between Bicultural Stress and Sleep Problems in College: The Role of Cultural Congruence and School Belonging
Authors: Aguilar Karen , Sasser Jeri , Doane Leah 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Latino youth experience both physiological (i.e., sleep) and psychosocial health difficulties (i.e., bicultural stress), that are linked to adjustment. The current study focused on: 1) concurrent and longitudinal links between weekly bicultural stress, cultural promotive factors (cultural congruity, school belonging), and sleep problems; 2) whether cultural congruity and school belonging were protective between bicultural stress and sleep problems.

Methods
Participants were 181 Latino young adults(T1:Mage= 19.59; 32.8% male; 61.3% second generation immigrants; 67.4% first generation college students) at a large Southwestern public institution who completed surveys during their second (T1) and fourth (T2) year of college. Students reported on past-week bicultural stressors (T1), cultural congruity (T1; α=.80), school belonging (T1; α=.87), and sleep problems (T1, T2; PSQI).

Results
Cross-sectional regression analyses suggested that cultural congruity (b= -.82, p&lt;.001), but not school belonging (b= -.58, p=.09) or bicultural stress (b=-.33, ns), were linked with concurrent sleep problems (T1). Further, there were no main effects of these variables on sleep longitudinally. There was a significant interaction between bicultural stress and school belonging in the prediction of concurrent sleep problems. Youth with high school belonging exhibited a significant positive association between bicultural stress and sleep problems, while bicultural stress and sleep problems were negatively linked for students with low levels. There was also a significant interaction between bicultural stress and cultural congruity in the prediction of sleep problems two years later. Youth with high cultural congruence had a negative link between bicultural stress and sleep problems, while associations were not significant for youth with low levels.

Conclusion
We found that cultural congruity was a promotive factor such that higher levels were linked with fewer sleep problems. Greater school belonging exacerbated the effects of bicultural stress on sleep problems, suggesting that those youth may be more reactive to bicultural stressors. Students high in cultural congruity who experienced higher bicultural stress had greater decreases in sleep problems two years later. Future interventions should focus on the roles of belonging and cultural fit when examining Latino students’ stress and sleep health in college.

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0129 The Role of Alertness in Cognitive and Affective Empathy
Authors: Curran Breanna , Miller Anthony , Krizan Zlatan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Lack of sleep may harm the ability to accurately identify and experience others’ emotions. Yet it is unclear what outcome of sleep disruption is responsible for these effects. Specifically, can decreased alertness, a key outcome of insufficient sleep, help explain less empathizing? To this end, three studies tested the hypothesis that higher alertness foreshadows better empathic accuracy and higher empathic concern.

Methods
College-age participants took part in three studies (N’s of 227, 269, and 823). In all three studies, participants first reported on their subjective alertness using the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale and completed a 10-min Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT) to gauge their objective alertness. To measure cognitive and affective empathy, participants completed the Multifaceted Empathy Test (MET) where they had to accurately identify emotions from facial expression portraits (cognitive empathy) and report their empathic concern for each one (affective empathy). Study 2 was a replication of Study 1 using more diverse stimuli. In Study 3, some participants were randomly assigned to ingest 300 mg of caffeine before completing the tasks to experimentally increase their alertness (or received a placebo), and all participants completed an additional measure of affective empathy (Pictorial Empathy Test).

Results
In studies 1 and 2, slower response time on the PVT was significantly associated with lower levels of empathic concern (e.g. r= -.19, Study 1). Across all three studies, PVT lapses (e.g. r= -.24, Study 2) and false starts on the PVT, were significantly associated with poorer empathic accuracy (e.g. 1 r= -.31, Study 1). In study 3 those in the caffeine-administration group were more objectively alert and reported significantly higher affective empathy, measured by the pictorial empathy test (with only a trend on the MET), then the placebo and control group (d= .19).

Conclusion
These findings provide robust evidence that implicates lower alertness as a predictor of muted empathic responding and suggests alertness may support both cognitive and affective empathy. Changes in alertness may help explain how sleep disruption undermines individuals’ ability to empathize.

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0132 Effects of Sleep Behavior, Obesity, and Sex on Well-Being and Mental Health Problems in Adolescents
Authors: Harkness Anya , Perez-Amparan Evelyn , Camacho Leticia , Fan Ruby , Kerr Erin , Arra Nicole , Durley Ingrid , Tager Lucas , Bland-Boyd Brittany , Müller-Oehring Eva , Nagata Jason , Baker Fiona , Kiss Orsolya 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Poor sleep and mental health problems commonly emerge in adolescence, with a higher prevalence in females and those who suffer from obesity. Here, we evaluated the complex associations between poor sleep, obesity, and biological sex and how they interact to influence wellbeing in a large, diverse cohort of adolescents in the US.

Methods
Data were analyzed from 7,261 adolescents (Year 2: Mean age=11.94 years, range: 10-14 years, 47.3% female), collected as part of the ongoing ABCD Study®. Sleep duration was assessed with the Munich Chronotype questionnaire (youth-report), and sleep quality was assessed with a question about having trouble falling or staying asleep in the past two weeks from the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (KSADS-5) (youth-report). Internalizing and externalizing problems were assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist (caregiver-report). Positive affect was assessed with the NIH-toolbox measures. Regression models examined associations between obesity (&gt;95 body mass index percentile), sleep behavior and mental health, considering sex differences, age, and socio-demographic characteristics.

Results
Short sleep duration and poorer sleep quality, as well as obesity were associated with higher internalizing (p&lt;.01) and externalizing (p&lt;.01) problems. Adolescents with obesity and prolonged sleep duration had higher internalizing (p=.01) and externalizing problems (p&lt;.01). Shorter sleep duration (p&lt;.01) and poorer sleep quality (p=.01) were associated with lower positive affect, with stronger effects in female adolescents. Obesity partially mediated the association between sleep problems and positive affect (p&lt;.01).

Conclusion
This study demonstrates a strong link between sleep, obesity, and mental health outcomes in adolescents, highlighting significant sex differences. Poor sleep quality and obesity is related to more internalizing and externalizing problems and lower positive affect, with notable with notable impacts on female adolescents. These findings highlight the importance of addressing sleep and obesity in adolescent mental health interventions, recognizing the unique vulnerabilities and needs of male and female adolescents and those with obesity.

Support (if any)
National Institutes of Health: U01DA041022
0133 The Impact of Stress and Sleep: Capturing Multiday Patterns
Authors: Amin Ohida Binte , Mishra Varun , Sathyanarayana Aarti 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Students commonly experience stress due to constant academic demands and societal pressures. This study aims to investigate whether there are differences in sleep efficiency among students experiencing high, low, and medium levels of stress. We performed statistical analyses on sleep efficiency across various stress levels to investigate how stress affects daily sleep patterns.

Methods
Using the GLOBEM dataset, we computed the range of daily sleep efficiency scores for individual students, considering their highest and lowest sleep efficiency levels observed throughout the study. We classified days into high, medium, and low-stress categories based on students’ weekly Perceived Stress Scale 4 (PSS-4) survey scores. We focused on sleep efficiency ranges within each stress group, emphasizing the significance of considering variability alongside average values to uncover distinct sleep patterns. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to examine variations in sleep efficiency ranges among different stress groups. Subsequently, Tukey's post hoc analysis was conducted to identify specific groups that exhibited differences in their sleep efficiency.

Results
No statistically significant differences were observed in daily sleep efficiency scores among students with high, medium, and low stress levels. However, we identified significant variations in sleep efficiency ranges (ANOVA F(2) = 18.14, p &lt; 0.0000001). Post-hoc Tukey analysis revealed mean differences, indicating a significant increase in sleep efficiency ranges between high and low-stress groups (p = 0.0) and a significant increase between high and medium-stress groups (p = 0.0). Notably, no statistically significant difference was found between the low and medium-stress groups. The instances of high-stressed days (N=140), medium-stressed days (N=2271), and low-stressed days (N=1615) provide context to these findings highlighting variations in sleep efficiency.

Conclusion
A significant correlation between stress severity and sleep efficiency does not exist at the day level. However, when we looked at variations in sleep efficiency over time, there are statistical significant differences that correlate with stress severity. The increase in sleep efficiency ranges among high-stress students indicates that they don’t consistently experience poor sleep efficiency but rather exhibit more erratic sleep patterns. This underscores the importance of considering stress severity when analyzing and addressing sleep patterns in students.

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0134 Diurnal Patterns in Social Belonging and Perceived Burdensomeness Among Young Adults
Authors: Tubbs Andrew , Gorovoy Suzanne , Fernandez Fabian-Xosé , Perlis Michael , Grandner Michael 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Suicide is the second-leading cause of death among young adults. Feelings of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness may accompany or precipitate suicidal thoughts. It is unclear how these negative cognitions vary across the day.

Methods
Individuals aged 18-25 (N=143) participated in a week-long ecological momentary assessment study of sleep (measured by daily sleep diaries) and feelings of social belonging and perceived burdensomeness (measured by text message surveys sent five times per day). Each dimension was assessed by three questions with ratings from 1 (not true at all for me) to 7 (very true for me). Text surveys were scheduled across the day (roughly at 2AM, 7AM, 12PM, 5PM and 10PM), and responses were categorized by whether the individual reported suicidal ideation at that time or not.

Results
A total of N=3442 text surveys were collected from N=134 participants. Participants provided an average of 26 of 35 possible surveys (SD=8.3). Non-ideators reported consistently elevated feelings of social belonging (5.41 out of 7, SD=1.71) and consistently low feelings of perceived burdensomeness (1.54 out of 7, SD=1.13). Suicidal ideators, however, reported generally low social belonging (2.8 out of 7, SD=1.84) and elevated perceived burdensomeness (4.31 out of 7, SD=1.99). Two-way ANOVAs found that social belonging varied significantly by suicidal ideation (p &lt; 0.001) and marginally for time by suicidal ideation (p = 0.069). Perceived burdensomeness varied only by suicidal ideation (p &lt; 0.001); there was no significant interaction of time by suicidal ideation.

Conclusion
Feelings of social belonging and perceived burdensomeness varied substantially only for individuals experiencing suicidal ideation, and only marginally over time among suicidal ideators. Additional work is needed to determine how sleep continuity and regularity may influence these findings.

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0135 Association of Circadian Misalignment with Internalizing Symptoms and Externalizing Behaviors in Adolescents
Authors: Ballester-Navarro Pura , Morales-Ghinaglia Natasha , Calhoun Susan , Liao Jason , Vgontzas Alexandros , Liao Duanping , Bixler Edward , Fernandez-Mendoza Julio 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Biological changes during adolescence naturally delay the circadian sleep-wake cycle. Adolescents struggle between the imposed timing of their sleep-wake cycle by social demands and their desired one, resulting in circadian misalignment. Circadian misalignment has been associated with a higher risk for mental health problems. We examined whether objective and subjective metrics of circadian misalignment are associated with internalizing symptoms (IS) and externalizing behaviors (EB) in adolescents.

Methods
We studied 376 adolescents from the Penn State Child Cohort (median 16 years; 47% female; 21% racial/ethnic minority) who had a minimum of 3-nights of at-home actigraphy (ACT), and 9-h in-lab polysomnography (PSG). ACT-measured sleep midpoint (SM) was calculated as the central point of the sleep period, while sleep regularity (SR) was calculated as the intra-individual standard deviation of the SM. Circadian preference (CP) was measured with the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire. IS and EB were measured by parent- or self-report on Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment using developmentally-appropriate forms and norms. Stepwise linear regression models adjusted for demographics (sex, race/ethnicity, age, BMI percentile), sleep disorders (insomnia, PSG-apnea/hypopnea index) and insufficient sleep (ACT-mean sleep duration, ACT-sleep duration variability).

Results
Both CP (r=-.118, p=.022) and SR (r=.116, p=.024) were associated with IS, however, they competed between each other in regression models resulting in marginally significant associations (β=-.094, p=.079 and β=.092, p=.084, respectively) that were further attenuated after adjusting individually for covariables (β=-.072, p=.190 and β=.076, p=.163, respectively). Both CP (r=-.230, p&lt;.001) and SR (r=.140, p=.006) were associated with EB; however, only CP (β=-.153, p=.004) remained significantly associated with EB after adjusting for covariables (β=-.130, p=.016).

Conclusion
Assessing self-reported eveningness is a useful and inexpensive tool to identify adolescents in whom circadian misalignment contributes to mood and behavioral problems. However, it appears that its combination with objective assessments, particularly irregularity of the sleep-wake cycle, may yield the most predictive results.

Support (if any)
NIH R01HL136587, R01MH118308, UL1TR000127
0138 Effects of Slow Oscillation Enhancement During NREM Sleep Using Closed-loop Auditory Stimulation on Anxiety
Authors: Suzuki Yoko , Ding Ning , Sato Kazuki , Wang Zishan , Suzuki Yurina , Oiwa Yumeka , Kanbayashi Takashi , Abe Takashi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Sleep is associated with emotions. Recently, some evidences demonstrated that longer slow-wave sleep (SWS) or higher slow-wave activity (SWA) is associated with the greater anxiety reduction, which is an emotion (Horvath et al., 2015; Ben Simon et al., 2020). Slow oscillations (SOs) (&lt; 1 Hz), which are mainly observed during SWS, are essential hallmarks of SWS. We hypothesized that enhancing SOs and SWA during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep could reduce anxiety in highly anxious individuals. A previous study established non-invasive closed-loop auditory stimulation (CLAS) to enhance SOs during NREM sleep (Ngo et al., 2013); furthermore, CLAS increases SWA (Krugliakova et al., 2020). The present study aimed to investigate whether CLAS during NREM sleep to enhance SOs could reduce anxiety in healthy, highly anxious adults.

Methods
Sixteen healthy adults (23.9±3.7 years, six women) with trait-anxiety scores of 45–80 on the state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) were included. A single-blind crossover test was conducted with two conditions; the SOs were tracked from the electroencephalography (EEG) and sounds were presented by CLAS (STIM) and the SOs were tracked but no sounds were presented (SHAM). On each experimental day, the participant was attached a polysomnograph and additional EEG for CLAS, which analyzes the EEG in real-time. Participants completed questionnaires, which included state-anxiety scores from the STAI, Profile of Mood States Second Edition (POMS2), and Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS). Participants slept for 8 h, and once awakened, they completed the same questionnaires before sleeping.

Results
There was no difference in STAI scores and POMS2 and PANAS between the two conditions (STIM or SHAM).

Conclusion
Contrary to the hypothesis, SOs enhancement during NREM sleep by CLAS did not relieve anxiety. It may be due to the small effect of CLAS on anxiety for a one-night study in healthy young adults. Eventually, we should investigate whether CLAS intervention over multiple nights improves anxiety.

Support (if any)
This work was supported by the JSPS KAKENHI grant numbers JP19K16243 and JP23K14436.