bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parental and children's report of emotional problems: agreement, explanatory factors and event‐emotion correlation
Authors: Michels Nathalie , Vanaelst Barbara , Stoppie Elke , Huybrechts Inge , Bammann Karin , De Henauw Stefaan , Sioen Isabelle 
Published: May 2012

BackgroundAs often only parents are addressed, studying parent‐child agreement and its explanatory factors is crucial in gaining accurate information on young children's emotional problems.MethodParental and children's reports of children's emotional problems (anger, anxiety, sadness) and children's reports of life events were gathered between February and June, 2010 from 464 Belgian nonclinical children 5–10 years old.ResultsChildren reported more emotional problems than their parents. Parental underestimation was higher in the case of girls, older children, nontraditional family structures and authoritative parenting style. Furthermore, life events and emotional problems were significantly correlated only when using children's reported emotions.ConclusionsIn our nonclinical children, interviewing both parents and children on children's emotional problems is necessary and parent‐child disagreement can partially be explained by child or family characteristics.
This article has been retracted and is available online only: Exploration of Iranian intensive care nurses' experience of end‐of‐life care: a qualitative study
Authors: Valiee Sina , Negarandeh Reza , Dehghan Nayeri Nahid 
Published: May 2012

RETRACTIONThe following article from Nursing in Critical Care, Exploration of Iranian intensive care nurses' experience of end‐of‐life care: a qualitative study by Sina Valiee, Reza Negarandeh and Nahid Dehghan Nayeri, published online on 9 May 2012 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the authors and the journal Editors. The retraction has been agreed due to errors in the manuscript handling process which meant that an early version of the article was published that did not include all the amendments made as part of the peer review process.John Albarran and Julie ScholesEditorsNursing in Critical CareREFERENCEValiee, S., Negarandeh, R. and Dehghan Nayeri, N. (2012), Exploration of Iranian intensive care nurses' experience of end‐of‐life care: a qualitative study. Nursing in Critical Care. doi: 10.1111/j.1478‐5153.2012.00505.x
Wing colors based on arrangement of the multilayer structure of wing scales in lycaenid butterflies (Insecta: Lepidoptera)
Authors: IMAFUKU Michio , KUBOTA Hiroshi Y. , INOUYE Kei 
Published: May 2012

AbstractMale wing colors and wing scale morphology were examined for three species of lycaenid butterflies: Chrysozephyrus ataxus, Favonius cognatus and F. jezoensis. Measurement of spectral reflectance on the wing surface with a spectrophotometer revealed species‐specific reflection spectra, with one or two peaks in the ultraviolet and/or green ranges. Observations of wing scales using an optical microscope revealed that light was reflected from the inter‐ridge regions, where transmission electron microscopy revealed a multilayer structure. Based on the multilayer dimensions obtained, three models were devised and compared to explain the measured reflectance spectrum. The results showed that the best fit is a model in which thicknesses of thin films of the multilayer system are not constant and air spaces between cuticle layers are more or less packed with cuticle spacers. This suggests that the specific wing colors of the species examined are produced by the species‐specific arrangement of the multilayer structure of wing scales.
Geographic variation in fruit volatiles emitted by the hawthorn Crataegus mollis and its consequences for host race formation in the apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella
Authors: Cha Dong H. , Powell Thomas H. Q. , Feder Jeffrey L. , Linn Charles E. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe shift of the apple (AP) maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) (Diptera: Tephritidae), from its ancestral host downy hawthorn, Crataegus mollis (DH) (Torr. & A. Gray) Scheele, to introduced domesticated AP, Malus domestica Borkh. (both Rosaceae), is a model for ecological divergence and incipient sympatric speciation with gene flow. However, a portion of the variation contributing to the sympatric host shift from DH to AP appears to have a different biogeographic history, pre‐dating the shift. One potential source of standing variation may trace to a number of different native hawthorn species infested by R. pomonella in the southern USA, where the AP‐attacking race is absent. Herein, we investigate this possibility for the southern red hawthorn (SR) endemic to Texas, Crataegus mollis var. texana (Buckl.), which has been described as a member of the Molles series that includes the more northern distributed DH. We report results from chemical analyses of host fruit volatiles, fly behavioural responses to synthetic fruit blends, and microsatellite surveys of fly populations, implying that R. pomonella infesting SR may behaviourally and genetically represent a native host race differing from the DH‐infesting fly. No fly reared from SR responded to AP fruit volatiles in flight tunnel assays. However, coupled gas chromatographic‐electroantennographic detection (GC‐EAD) profiles for SR fruit contain all five of the component esters that comprise the standard AP volatile blend inducing behavioural orientation for AP‐infesting flies, compounds that appear to be largely missing from volatile profiles for DH fruit. Thus, SR‐infesting flies do not represent a source for a preassembled AP‐accepting phenotype. However, they may help explain why the ancestral DH race that shifted to AP in the northeastern USA had the ability to recognize AP fruit esters, potentially enabling the shift to AP. Our results highlight how categorizing speciation into different geographic modes may not adequately describe the evolutionary origins of important genetic variation fuelling adaptive radiation and the genesis of new biodiversity.
Bioactive oligopeptides in dermatology: Part II
Authors: Reddy Bobby Y. , Jow Tiffany , Hantash Basil M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPeptides are central to the regulation and modulation of the chemical reactions and biological responses that occur in nature. Many physiological processes are affected by the interactions of these peptides, including cell proliferation and migration, inflammation, melanogenesis, angiogenesis and innate immunity. Thus, biologically active peptides offer a great potential medically and therapeutically. Moreover, the ability to generate synthetic peptides with attention to specifically modulating their pharmacokinetics and properties for increased potency, delivery and stability has spurred much interest in this rapidly growing field of research. In this review, we focus on the therapeutic uses of bioactive peptides as antimicrobials and effectors of neurotransmitter release. We also highlight the advantages and challenges associated with this new technology and discuss methods for improving oligopeptide transdermal delivery.
Bioactive oligopeptides in dermatology: Part I
Authors: Reddy Bobby , Jow Tiffany , Hantash Basil M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractShort sequence amino acids or oligopeptides represent a relatively new and promising area of dermatology. Oligopeptides are defined as peptide sequences ranging from 2 to 20 amino acids. This class of proteins includes potent biologically active compounds, which can modulate various cellular and molecular processes. The medical potential of short sequence peptides was initially characterized many decades ago with the identification of biological mediators such as angiotensin, vasopressin, oxytocin and bradykinin. However, the role of oligopeptides in affecting biological activity within the skin has only recently been explored. Currently, the dermatologic use of protein peptide fragments is a rapidly growing field of research. Recent studies suggest that treatment with various biologically active peptides can result in favourable clinical outcomes such as for the treatment of hyperpigmentation disorders with tyrosinase inhibitors and the use of collagen synthesis modulators to diminish skin laxity. In this review, we explore the roles of biologically active short sequence peptides as potential therapeutics through the modulation of collagen, elastin and melanin synthesis.
Up‐regulation of melanin synthesis by the antidepressant fluoxetine
Authors: Liao Sha , Shang Jing , Tian Xiaoli , Fan Xueqi , Shi Xiupu , Pei Siran , Wang Qian , Yu Boyang 
Published: May 2012

AbstractFluoxetine, a member of the class of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, is a potent antidepressant commonly used in clinical practice. Here, we report that fluoxetine increases cellular tyrosinase (TYR) activity, enhances the protein levels of microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor (MITF), TYR and tyrosinase‐related protein‐1 (TRP‐1) and eventually leads to a dramatic increase in melanin production in both murine B16F10 melanoma cells and normal human melanocytes (NHMCs). In well‐characterized C57BL/6 mouse models, systemic application of fluoxetine increased hair pigmentation by up‐regulating hair follicular MITF, TYR, TRP‐1 and tyrosinase‐related protein‐2 (TRP‐2) protein levels. Using a serotonin 1A receptor (SR1A) antagonist and RNA interference (RNAi) technique, we revealed that SR1A appears to be one of the involved pathways in the fluoxetine‐induced melanogenesis in B16F10 cells. These results suggest that fluoxetine may hold a significant therapeutic potential for treating skin hypopigmentation disorders, and SR1A may serve as a novel target in modulating melanogenesis.
Monoamniotic twin pregnancy
Authors: Dias Tiran , Thilaganathan Basky , Bhide Amar 
Published: May 2012

Key content
Monoamniotic twins are believed to account for 1–5% of all monozygotic conceptions, with an estimated annual incidence of 30–150 pregnancies in the UK.
High perinatal loss rates in monoamniotic twins have been attributed mainly to umbilical cord entanglement, inter‐twin transfusion syndrome, discordant fetal abnormality or fetal growth restriction.
Management of monoamniotic twin pregnancy is aimed at preventing antenatal fetal death and optimising timing of delivery.
Despite the paucity of robust data on the incidence and causes of perinatal loss, elective delivery at 32–34 weeks of gestation has been proposed.
Most obstetric units use caesarean birth as the preferred mode of delivery for monoamniotic twins to prevent intrapartum cord complications.
Learning objectives
To understand the aetiology, incidence and diagnosis of monoamnionicity.
To be able to identify the type and prevalence of complications in monoamniotic twins.
To be aware of the current evidence on the antenatal management and optimal timing of delivery of monoamniotic twin pregnancy.
Ethical issues
Can we justify elective preterm delivery and its subsequent complications without a robust evidence base demonstrating a reduction in perinatal morbidity and mortality?
New‐onset hypertension in pregnancy: a review of the long‐term maternal effects
Authors: Green Amanda , Loughna Pamela , Pipkin Fiona Broughton 
Published: May 2012

Key content
Women with a history of new‐onset hypertension in pregnancy have an increased risk of future hypertension and cardiovascular disease; women who deliver preterm (before 34 weeks of gestation) are at even higher risk.
In this group of women, cardiovascular disease often occurs at a much earlier age.
Follow‐up after pregnancy is vital to ensure that ongoing disease is appropriately investigated and managed.
Simple lifestyle changes may help reduce these risks.
Learning objectives
To have increased awareness of the future risks of hypertensive pregnancy.
To be able to quantify the risk of future disease from current evidence in the literature.
To be able to counsel women and discuss lifestyle changes.
Ethical issues
Do we counsel women adequately about the long‐term risk of disease after hypertensive pregnancy?
Are we missing opportunities for disease prevention?
Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser syndrome: diagnosis and management
Authors: Valappil Saudabi , Chetan Uma , Wood Nick , Garden Anne 
Published: May 2012

Key content
In Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser syndrome (müllerian agenesis) there is congenital absence of the upper two‐thirds of the vagina and the uterus is absent or rudimentary.
A common presentation is primary amenorrhoea in a female with 46,XX karyotype and normal secondary sexual characteristics.
There may be associated abnormalities of the kidneys, skeletal system, heart and auditory system.
Magnetic resonance imaging is a useful diagnostic tool with which to assess the anatomical abnormalities.
Management involves psychological support and creation of a neovagina for sexual function.
Objectives
To understand the anatomical abnormalities of this entity.
To learn about the clinical presentation and differential diagnosis.
To understand the management issues.
Ethical issues
If, in the future, uterine transplantation becomes safe and effective, will it be ethical for a woman to donate her uterus to her daughter?
With many children awaiting adoption, should women with Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser syndrome be encouraged to adopt rather than undergo surrogacy?
Who should pay for assisted reproduction treatment, given the constraints of health service budgets?
Should women with Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser syndrome be managed in selected centres of excellence?
Management of borderline ovarian tumours
Authors: Bagade Pallavi , Edmondson Richard , Nayar Anitha 
Published: May 2012

Key content
Borderline ovarian tumours are a heterogeneous group of tumours often seen in younger women.
Many are only diagnosed after primary surgery has already taken place for a presumed benign lesion.
The subsequent management often causes confusion.
Complete surgical staging is the cornerstone of management, but conservative surgery is an acceptable alternative in those keen to retain their fertility.
The role of long‐term follow‐up is controversial.
Learning objectives
To gain an overview of the pathology and biology of borderline ovarian tumours.
To understand the principles of surgical management in young women and the importance of a multidisciplinary team approach.
To appreciate the value of following up these women.
Ethical issues
Can we reduce the morbidity of radical surgery in a young woman wishing to retain her fertility?
Is a more conservative approach a safe alternative regarding cancer prognosis?
Bullying in the workplace: recognition and management
Authors: Kumar Geeta , Jain Arpana , Kumar Bidyut 
Published: May 2012

Key content
The definition of bullying is wide and relies on individual perception.
Bullying has significant consequences: bullied healthcare workers report higher levels of job‐induced stress, depression and anxiety and lower levels of job satisfaction.
There have been several surveys on bullying of healthcare workers.
Deaneries must formulate strategies to support all those involved in allegations of bullying.
Learning objectives
To appreciate the difficulties of defining bullying.
To be able to distinguish constructive supervision from bullying behaviour.
To be aware of the resources available to manage bullying behaviour.
Ethical issues
In implementing effective and appropriate remedial measures there is the potential for breaching confidentiality.
Exploring the Relationship Among ADHD, Stimulants, and Substance Abuse
Authors: Nelson Andrea , Galon Patricia 
Published: May 2012

TOPIC:  There is an ongoing debate among prescribers concerning the risk of inadvertently contributing to the initiation of substance abuse (SA) in children and adolescents through the use of stimulants in the treatment of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Psychiatric nurses at all levels of practice must be informed about this important discourse in order to provide accurate and timely interventions to clients and their families.PURPOSE:  This literature review explores the current state of prescriptive stimulant use for ADHD and the possible links to SA. Developmental, genetic, and neuro‐chemical theories of the disorder that may contribute to SA as well as the burden of comorbidity are considered. The impact of gender, cultural, legal, and ethical influences on diagnostic and treatment recommendations is also included.SOURCE:  U.S. and other English language articles were identified through PubMed and the Cumulated Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature. These sources were used to determine the current practice of stimulant prescription and the prevalence of SA as a comorbidity to other child psychiatric disorders including ADHD. Textbooks were consulted for information regarding relevant neurochemistry, genetics, and psychopharmacology.CONCLUSIONS:  The authors conclude that the use of stimulants is appropriate for children and adolescents with ADHD when opportunities for screening, family and child education, and counseling concerning SA are consistently integrated into the ongoing treatment regimen.
Tomato plants transformed with the inhibitor‐of‐virus‐replication gene are partially resistant to several pathogenic fungi
Authors: Elad Y. , Rav‐David D. , Leibman D. , Vintal H. , Vunsh R. , Moorthy H. , Gal‐On A. , Loebenstein G. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe inhibitor‐of‐virus replication (IVR) gene associated with the local lesion response to Tobacco mosaic virus in tobacco codes for a putative protein with a molecular mass of 22 kDa. Earlier work revealed that when tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cv. VF36 plants are transformed with a cDNA clone encoding this gene, they become partially resistant to Botrytis cinerea infection. The transformation of tomatoes with the IVR gene induced partial resistance to in vitro seedling infection by Alternaria alternata, Pythium aphanidermatum and Rhizoctonia solani and faster seedling growth. Resistance to damping‐off was observed in transgenic seedlings planted in soil infested with R. solani and P. aphanidermatum. Early blight (Alternaria solani) and powdery mildew (Oidium neolycopersici) were also partially controlled in mature transgenic tomato plants.
Body heat storage during physical activity is lower with hot fluid ingestion under conditions that permit full evaporation
Authors: Bain A. R. , Lesperance N. C. , Jay O. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAimTo assess whether, under conditions permitting full evaporation, body heat storage during physical activity measured by partitional calorimetry would be lower with warm relative to cold fluid ingestion because of a disproportionate increase in evaporative heat loss potential relative to internal heat transfer with the ingested fluid.MethodsNine males cycled at 50% VO2max for 75 min at 23.6 ± 0.6 °C and 23 ± 11% RH while consuming water of either 1.5 °C, 10 °C, 37 °C or 50 °C in four 3.2 mL kg−1 boluses. The water was administered 5 min before and 15, 30 and 45 min following the onset of exercise.ResultsNo differences in metabolic heat production, sensible or respiratory heat losses (all P > 0.05) were observed between fluid temperatures. However, while the increased internal heat loss with cold fluid ingestion was paralleled by similar reductions in evaporative heat loss potential at the skin (Esk) with 10 °C (P = 0.08) and 1.5 °C (P = 0.55) fluid, the increased heat load with warm (50 °C) fluid ingestion was accompanied by a significantly greater Esk (P = 0.04). The resultant calorimetric heat storage was lower with 50 °C water ingestion in comparison to 1.5 °C, 10 °C and 37 °C (all P < 0.05). In contrast, heat storage derived conventionally using thermometry yielded higher values following 50 °C fluid ingestion compared to 1.5 °C (P = 0.025).ConclusionUnder conditions permitting full sweat evaporation, body heat storage is lower with warm water ingestion, likely because of disproportionate modulations in sweat output arising from warm‐sensitive thermosensors in the esophagus/stomach. Local temperature changes of the rectum following fluid ingestion exacerbate the previously identified error of thermometric heat storage estimations.
Steps towards an early warning model for flood forecasting in Durazno city in Uruguay
Authors: Silveira L. , López G. , Chreties C. , Crisci M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA hydrologic–hydrodynamic model of the Yi River basins in Uruguay has been developed as a support tool to the Emergency Coordination Centre of Durazno city. The purpose was to improve the existing decision support system and the emergency planning by providing information on gauge height and its permanence in time, and the risk of flooded areas. Four past flood events of high return period were used for calibration and validation with accurate results. The input data to the operational model in real time are hourly observed rainfall and gauge height, as well as rainfall forecasts by several international sources. The use of predictions from numerical weather forecasts allows for the generation of pre‐alert scenarios with larger lead time. These scenarios can warn the emergency coordinators, and thus are of great value to premanage a probable emergency. Operation of a meteorological weather alert issued by the National Meteorological Board is discussed.
Characterization of two novel small molecules targeting melanocyte development in zebrafish embryogenesis
Authors: Chen Lu , Ren Xi , Liang Fang , Li Song , Zhong Hanbing , Lin Shuo 
Published: May 2012

SummaryMelanocytes are pigment cells that are closely associated with many skin disorders, such as vitiligo, piebaldism, Waardenburg syndrome, and the deadliest skin cancer, melanoma. Through studies of model organisms, the genetic regulatory network of melanocyte development during embryogenesis has been well established. This network also seems to be shared with adult melanocyte regeneration and melanoma formation. To identify chemical regulators of melanocyte development and homeostasis, we screened a small‐molecule library of 6000 compounds using zebrafish embryos and identified five novel compounds that inhibited pigmentation. Here we report characterization of two compounds, 12G9 and 36E9, which disrupted melanocyte development. TUNEL assay indicated that these two compounds induced apoptosis of melanocytes. Furthermore, compound 12G9 specifically inhibited the viability of mammalian melanoma cells in vitro. These two compounds should be useful as chemical biology tools to study melanocytes and could serve as drug candidates against melanocyte‐related diseases.
CARDIORENAL MEDICINE IN THE CHANGING HEALTH SYSTEM
Authors: Mahadevan Kalaivani , Kalra Paul 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYThe phenomenon of Cardiorenal Syndrome is complex, well recognised and poses challenges to all levels of global healthcare. Ongoing research in this area continually manifests new ideas and theories with respect to the pathophysiology and clinical management of this condition. The 6th Cardiorenal Forum held in London on 7th October 2011 discussed some of the latest ideas and advances in this field of medicine.