bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The validity of DSM‐IV cannabis abuse and dependence criteria in adolescents and the value of additional cannabis use indicators
Authors: Piontek Daniela , Kraus Ludwig , Legleye Stéphane , Bühringer Gerhard 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTAims  This study assessed the validity of DSM‐IV cannabis abuse and dependence criteria in an adolescent general population sample and evaluated the usefulness of additional cannabis use indicators.Design and setting  Data came from the 2008 Survey on Health and Consumption during the Day of Defense Preparation (ESCAPAD), a cross‐sectional self‐administered survey conducted in France.Participants  The analytical sample comprised 3641 adolescents aged 17–19 years who reported cannabis use in the past 12 months.Measurements  To assess DSM‐IV criteria of cannabis abuse and dependence, the Munich Composite International Diagnostic Interview (M‐CIDI) was used. As additional cannabis use indicators, daily use, use when alone and use before midday were assessed. Confirmatory factor analyses and two‐parameter logistic item response theory (IRT) models were run. Differential item functioning was assessed using the IRT log‐likelihood ratio approach.Results  A one‐factor model comprising both abuse and dependence criteria showed the best fit to the data. Abuse item legal problems showed the greatest severity, whereas dependence items larger/longer and tolerance were found least severe. Discriminatory power was lowest for impaired control and legal problems. Additional cannabis use indicators increased the precision of the overall DSM‐IV criterion set. Gender‐based differential item functioning was observed for items tolerance, withdrawal and use before midday.Conclusion  The current DSM conceptualization with two distinct and graded diagnostic classes has limited validity among adolescents. In forthcoming revisions of the classification system, several existing criteria should be revised or dropped, new indicators of substance use disorders should be included and gender should be considered.
Review article: chronic hepatitis B – anti‐viral or immunomodulatory therapy?
Authors: Rijckborst V. , Sonneveld M. J. , Janssen H. L. A. 
Published: December 2010

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011; 33: 501–513SummaryBackground  First‐line treatment options for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) consist of nucleos(t)ide analogues with a high barrier to resistance (entecavir and tenofovir) or the immunomodulatory agent peginterferon (PEG‐IFN). The optimal choice for individual patients remains controversial.Aim  To review treatment options for CHB, with a focus on deciding between prolonged nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy or a finite course of PEG‐IFN.Methods  A comprehensive literature search was undertaken.Results  Long‐lasting, treatment‐maintained suppression of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA without resistance is achievable in most patients by entecavir or tenofovir. A sustained off‐treatment response is, however, unlikely and long‐term therapy must be anticipated. PEG‐IFN offers a higher rate of sustained response in a subgroup of patients, but is frequently complicated by side effects. Pre‐treatment predictors of response, including HBV genotype, alanine aminotransferase and HBV DNA levels, aid in selecting patients for PEG‐IFN therapy. Furthermore, on‐treatment markers such as quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen may be applied to identify nonresponders early during the PEG‐IFN treatment course, thereby preventing unnecessary treatment.Conclusions  Both nucleos(t)ide analogues and PEG‐IFN can be prescribed as first‐line treatment options for CHB. However, PEG‐IFN should only be considered for patients with a high chance of response based on pre‐treatment and on‐treatment factors.
Systematic review: the diagnosis and staging of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Dowman J. K. , Tomlinson J. W. , Newsome P. N. 
Published: December 2010

Aliment Pharmacol Ther2011;33:525–540SummaryBackground Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most prevalent cause of liver disease in Western countries. The development of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis identifies an at‐risk group with increased risk of cardiovascular and liver‐related deaths. The identification and management of this at‐risk group remains a clinical challenge.Aim To perform a systematic review of the established and emerging strategies for the diagnosis and staging of NAFLD.Methods Relevant research and review articles were identified by searching PubMed, MEDLINE and EMBASE.Results There has been a substantial development of non‐invasive risk scores, biomarker panels and radiological modalities to identify at‐risk patients with NAFLD without recourse to liver biopsy on a routine basis. These modalities and algorithms have improved significantly in their diagnosis and staging of fibrosis and NASH in patients with NAFLD, and will likely impact on the number of patients undergoing liver biopsy.Conclusions Staging for NAFLD can now be performed by a combination of radiological and laboratory techniques, greatly reducing the requirement for invasive liver biopsy.
Transforming growth factor‐β1 in asthmatic airway smooth muscle enlargement: is fibroblast growth factor‐2 required?
Authors: Bossé Y. , Stankova J. , Rola‐Pleszczynski M. 
Published: December 2010

SummaryEnlargement of airway smooth muscle (ASM) tissue around the bronchi/bronchioles is a histopathological signature of asthmatic airway remodelling and has been suggested to play a critical role in the increased lung resistance and airway hyperresponsiveness seen in asthmatic patients. The pleiotropic cytokine, TGF‐β1, is believed to contribute to several aspects of asthmatic airway remodelling and is known to influence the growth of many cell types. Increased TGF‐β1 expression/signalling and ASM growth have been shown to occur concurrently in animal models of asthma. Abundant studies further substantiate this association by showing that therapeutic strategies that reduce or prevent TGF‐β1 overexpression/signalling lead to a parallel decrease or prevention of ASM enlargement. Finally, recent findings have supported a direct link of causality between TGF‐β1 overexpression/signalling and the overgrowth of ASM tissue. To follow‐up on thesein vivostudies, many investigators have pursued detailed investigation of ASM in cell culture conditions, assessing the direct role of TGF‐β1 on cellular proliferation and/or hypertrophy. Inconsistencies among thein vitrostudies suggest that the effect of TGF‐β1 on ASM cell proliferation/hypertrophy is contextual. A hypothesis focusing on fibroblast growth factor‐2 is presented at the end of this review, which could potentially reconcile the apparent discrepancy between the conflictingin vitrofindings with the consistentin vivofinding that TGF‐β1 is required for ASM enlargement in asthma.Cite this as: Y. Bossé, J. Stankova and M. Rola‐Pleszczynski,Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2010 (40) 710–724.
Purification and identification of an ACE inhibitory peptide from the peptic hydrolysate of Acetes chinensis and its antihypertensive effects in spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: Cao Wenhong , Zhang Chaohua , Hong Pengzhi , Ji Hongwu , Hao Jiming 
Published: December 2010

Summary Acetes chinensis is a marine shrimp found in the coastal waters of China. The shrimp was hydrolysed by pepsin to prepare hydrolysates with angiotensin I‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. The hydrolysate with the highest ACE inhibitory activity resulted from a 3–5 h incubation at 45 °C and pH 2.5 with pepsin. Gel filtration and RP‐HPLC were used to separate ACE inhibitory peptides from the hydrolysate. The gel filtration fraction of the hydrolysate with a molecular weight range from 1320 Da to 311 Da exerted the highest ACE inhibition activity. This fraction was separated by RP‐HPLC into fifteen fractions, of which fraction F9 showed 92.7% of the ACE inhibition activity. Its peptide sequence was determined to be Leu–His–Pro. It showed a potent antihypertensive activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats. The results suggested that this peptide may be a potent ACE inhibitor which might be developed into a healthy food to lower blood pressure.
A novel subcutaneous controlled‐release amoxicillin degradable implant for extended‐interval administration in veterinary medicine
Authors: HORWITZ E. , KAGAN L. , AVNI‐MAGEN N. , DARYI D. , GATI I. , HOFFMAN A. , FRIEDMAN M. , LAVY E. 
Published: December 2010

Horwitz, E., Kagan, L., Avni‐Magen, N., Daryi, D., Gati, I., Hoffman, A., Friedman, M., Lavy, E. A novel subcutaneous controlled‐release amoxicillin degradable implant for extended‐interval administration in veterinary medicine. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap.34, 494–498.Dosage forms of antimicrobials play a critical role in facilitating the attainment of pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (PK–PD) targets as well as adherence in both veterinary and human medicine. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a controlled‐release subcutaneous amoxicillin implant for single‐dose therapy of large ruminants such as goats, sheep, and deer. The degradable implant, designed to attain PK–PD targets following single administration, was evaluated for amoxicillin release rate and time–concentration profile. In vitro release studies demonstrated constant‐rate release of approximately 40% of amoxicillin content within 96 h. In an in vivo study in goats, serving as a model for target animals, a serum concentration of approximately 0.4 mg/L was achieved within 8 h of implant insertion and maintained for >6 days. In comparison, in control goats given a standard single intramuscular amoxicillin dose of 15 mg/kg, amoxicillin peaked at 1.2 mg/L after 1 h, rapidly dropping to below detection level at 8 h. These results suggest that the proposed implant offers a unique modality for animal caregivers to conveniently administer a full antimicrobial course following a single dose of an efficient PK–PD‐optimized dosage form. Furthermore, modifications of implant composition may allow for tailoring of its characteristics to various PK, PD, microbiological, and clinical requirements.
Plasma pharmacokinetics of abamectin in fallow deer (Cervus dama dama) following subcutaneous administration
Authors: ŽELE D. , TAVČAR‐KALCHER G. , KOBAL S. , VENGUŠT G. , VENGUŠT A. , GRABNAR I. 
Published: December 2010

Žele, D., Tavčar‐Kalcher, G., Kobal, S., Vengušt, G., Vengušt, A., Grabnar, I. Plasma pharmacokinetics of abamectin in fallow deer (Cervus dama dama) following subcutaneous administration. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap.34, 455–459.The pharmacokinetics of abamectin (ABM) following a single subcutaneous administration of 200 μg/kg was evaluated in adult fallow deer by following ABM concentration in blood plasma. A nonlinear mixed effects modelling procedure was used for pharmacokinetic analysis. The time course of ABM concentration was described by a two‐compartment model with first‐order absorption. Abamectin absorption in fallow deer was rapid with a peak plasma concentration of 120.7 ± 33.2 ng/mL observed at 19.1 ± 7.7 h (mean ± SD). Half‐lives of the distribution and terminal phase were 17.2 and 119.3 h, respectively. Typical apparent clearance of the bioavailable fraction (CL/F) was 0.795 L/h and was independent of animal weight. Considering the obtained pharmacokinetic parameters in our study, we may assume that effective parasite control in fallow deer is obtained using the usual recommended dose of 200 μg/kg.
Mortality of biliary atresia in children not undergoing liver transplantation in the Netherlands
Authors: de Vries Willemien , de Langen Zacharias J. , Aronson Daniel C. , Hulscher Jan B. F. , Peeters Paul M. J. G. , Jansen‐Kalma Pauline , Verkade Henkjan J. ,   also on behalf of NeSBAR
Published: December 2010

de Vries W, de Langen ZJ, Aronson DC, Hulscher JBF, Peeters PMJG, Jansen‐Kalma P, Verkade HJ also on behalf of NeSBAR. Mortality of biliary atresia in children not undergoing liver transplantation in the Netherlands. Pediatr Transplantation 2011: 15:176–183. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  In order to further improve the outcome of BA, we characterized the mortality of BA patients who did not undergo OLT in the Netherlands, and compared our results with international data. For this purpose, we analyzed the causes of mortality of non‐transplanted BA patients before the age of five yr, using the NeSBAR database. To evaluate trends in mortality, we compared the cohort 1987–1996 (n = 99) with 1997–2008 (n = 111). We compared clinical condition at OLT assessment with available international data, using the PELD‐score. Mortality of non‐transplanted BA children was 26% (26/99) in 1987–1996 and 16% (18/111) in 1997–2008 (p = 0.09). Sepsis was the prevailing direct cause of death (30%; 13/44). PELD‐scores at the time of assessment were higher in non‐transplanted BA patients (median 20.5; range 13–40) compared with international data (mean/median between 11.7 and 13.3). Based on our national data, we conclude that pretransplant mortality of BA patients is still considerable, and that sepsis is a predominant contributor. Our results strongly indicate that the prognosis of patients with BA in the Netherlands can be improved by earlier listing of patients for OLT and by improving pretransplant care.
Effect of method and time of first colostrum feeding on serum immunoglobulin concentration, health status and body weight gain in mithun (Bos frontalis) calves
Authors: Mech A. , Dhali A. , Baruah K. K. , Singh R. K. , Mondal S. K. , Rajkhowa C. 
Published: December 2010

SummaryThe effect of method and time of first colostrum feeding on the concentration of serum immunoglobulin (Ig) was evaluated in mithun (Bos frontalis) calves. The hypotheses were that the variable method and time of first colostrum feeding might affect the level of serum Ig and in turn the growth performance and health status of the claves during the early age. The newborn calves were randomly allotted to one of the four experimental groups – G‐1: allowed to suckle the dam at own choice, G‐2: separated immediately after birth and allowed to suckle the dam first at 6 h and then at own choice, G‐3: bottle fed ad libitum colostrum of its own dam first at 6 h and then at 6‐h intervals until 24 h, G‐4: bottle fed ad libitum colostrum of its own dam within 1 h, at 6 h and then at 6‐h intervals until 24 h. The concentrations of IgG, IgM, and IgA were lowest (p < 0.01) at birth and increased following colostrum feeding irrespective of the experimental group. Highest concentrations of all the Ig classes were observed at 12–24 h after birth. The concentrations then transiently decreased from day 7 to 14, and then steadily increased after day 28. The concentrations of IgG (p < 0.01) and IgA (p < 0.05) were higher in G‐1 in relation to the other groups during the first week after birth. Similarly, higher concentration of IgA (p < 0.05) was found in G‐1 in relation to the other groups during the rest of the experimental period. The apparent absorption efficiency of colostral IgG was higher (p < 0.05) in G‐4 in relation to G‐3. Growth rate and health status were not influenced by the method and time of first colostrum feeding. In conclusion, a 6‐h delay in the first colostrum feeding reduced the level of serum Ig noticeably.
Fish meal – nutritive value
Authors: Cho J. H. , Kim I. H. 
Published: December 2010

SummaryUnderstanding the interactions between nutrition and immune system is crucial for adjusting nutrient allowances in dietary formulations that optimize production efficiency. Among various animal proteins, fish meal (FM) is rich in protein (amino acids), readily available throughout most of the world, and competitively priced against other animal proteins (e.g. milk and blood). In addition, many researchers reported that FM is traditionally recognized as a high digestible protein with a high content of amino acids, vitamins and minerals for pigs. Supplementation of fatty acids by FM and fish oil (FO) is one strategy to modify an animal immune response. As a result of FM and FO effects, those supplementations can result in improved performance and immunity of young animals.
Severity of coronary atherosclerosis is an independent predictor of the left ventricular ejection fraction
Authors: Jia En‐Zhi , Xu Zhen‐Xia , Yang Zhi‐Jian , Zhu Tie‐Bing , Wang Lian‐Sheng , Cao Ke‐Jiang , Ma Wen‐Zhu 
Published: December 2010

Summary1. We studied the association between the level of the left ventricular ejection fraction and the severity of coronary atherosclerosis.2. The study population consisted of 850 consecutive patients who underwent coronary angiography for suspected or known coronary atherosclerosis. Anthropometric measurements including the body mass index, blood pressure, blood lipids, blood glucose and leucocyte count were taken. The severity of coronary atherosclerosis was defined by the Gensini score.3. When the level of the left ventricular ejection fraction was examined as a categorical variable classified by quartile values, subjects with a high left ventricular ejection fraction level had significantly lower Gensini scores than those with a low left ventricular ejection fraction level (P = 0.000). Spearman’s correlation analysis suggested that the left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly negatively associated with Gensini score (r = −0.213, P = 0.000). Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis showed that the Gensini score was significantly independently associated with the left ventricular ejection fraction level (β = −0.194, P = 0.000). Furthermore, multivariable stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that the Gensini score was the independent risk factor for dysfunction of left ventricular ejection (OR = 2.048, 95% CI = 1.517–2.763).4. The severity of coronary atherosclerosis was defined by the Gensini score. This was a strong and statistically highly significant predictor of the left ventricular ejection fraction level and dysfunction of left ventricular ejection independent of other major risk factors including age, body mass index, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, blood lipid and leucocyte count.
Rapid increases of gamma power in the auditory cortex following noise trauma in humans
Authors: Ortmann Magdalene , Müller Nadia , Schlee Winfried , Weisz Nathan 
Published: December 2010

AbstractTinnitus is an auditory perception in the absence of any external sound source. It has been suggested that tinnitus is related to enhanced synchronization of neuronal activity in the auditory cortex. Usually a hearing damage can be identified suggesting auditory deprivation to central auditory regions to be fundamental for neurophysiological processes related to tinnitus. Until now, human research has been conducted on patients with chronic tinnitus (> 6 months). However, neuronal activity accompanying auditory deprivation and putatively tinnitus may not remain constant over time, making it difficult to directly relate outcomes of current animal studies (acute tinnitus) to chronic tinnitus in humans, and vice versa. We investigated 14 amateur rock musicians who frequently reported a short‐term tinnitus immediately after band practice. Magnetoencephalographic resting‐state recordings, audiometry and tinnitus testing were performed at two separate occasions: with and without previous exposure to loud music. Analyses revealed that transient tinnitus was accompanied by temporary hearing loss in both ears and increased gamma activity in the right auditory cortex in 13 out of 14 cases. Additionally, tinnitus frequency was strongly correlated to hearing loss. Analogous to animal studies, our results show for the first time in humans that noise trauma leads rapidly to increased neuronal synchrony in the auditory cortex. Importantly, the strongly right‐lateralized effect implies that it does not reflect tinnitus percept per se. This could rather have been triggered by greater discontinuities of hearing loss at high frequencies that were particularly pronounced in the left ear.
Somatosensory inputs modify auditory spike timing in dorsal cochlear nucleus principal cells
Authors: Koehler Seth D. , Pradhan Shashwati , Manis Paul B. , Shore Susan E. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn addition to auditory inputs, dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) pyramidal cells in the guinea pig receive and respond to somatosensory inputs and perform multisensory integration. DCN pyramidal cells respond to sounds with characteristic spike‐timing patterns that are partially controlled by rapidly inactivating potassium conductances. Deactivating these conductances can modify both spike rate and spike timing of responses to sound. Somatosensory pathways are known to modify response rates to subsequent acoustic stimuli, but their effect on spike timing is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that preceding tonal stimulation with spinal trigeminal nucleus (Sp5) stimulation significantly alters the first spike latency, the first interspike interval and the average discharge regularity of firing evoked by the tone. These effects occur whether the neuron is excited or inhibited by Sp5 stimulation alone. Our results demonstrate that multisensory integration in DCN alters spike‐timing representations of acoustic stimuli in pyramidal cells. These changes likely occur through synaptic modulation of intrinsic excitability or synaptic inhibition.
Probability of survival based on etiology of cardiopulmonary arrest in pediatric patients
Authors: Berens Richard J. , Cassidy Laura D. , Matchey Jennifer , Campbell Deborah , Colpaert Krista D. , Welch Tangela , Lawson Michelle , Peterson Cheryl , O’Flynn Justine , Dearth Mary , Tieves Kelly S. 
Published: December 2010

SummaryObjective:  To aggregate data across institutions to identify, characterize, and differentiate potential survivors from nonsurvivors based on etiology of event.Aim:  To evaluate the association of the cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) duration and probability of survival (Ps), stratified by etiology of arrest.Background:  In‐hospital cardiac arrests occur in 2–6% of pediatric patients with poor survival rates resulting in significant expenditures of time and resources.Methods:  Retrospective data from six pediatric hospitals on patients suffering from pulseless cardiac arrests receiving CPR for over one minute were analyzed. Data included demographics, reason for code, precardiac arrest diagnosis, devices and treatment, management strategies during cardiac arrest, compression duration, outcome at hospital discharge, and neurologic outcome of survivors at hospital discharge. Results of logistic regression analysis generated predicated probabilities of survival for duration of compression. Patients were stratified by cardiac‐induced cardiac arrests (CICA) and respiratory‐induced cardiac arrest (RICA).Results:  A total of 257 patients were included, and 27% of CICA and 35% of RICA patients survived to hospital discharge. Ps was initially lower for the CICA patients (Ps at 1 min = 29%) and remained constant (Ps at 60 min = 25%). RICA patients’Ps was higher initially (Ps at 1 min = 62%) but demonstrated a dramatic drop within the first 60 min of CPR (Ps at 60 min = 0.2%).Conclusions:  Probability of survival curves based on duration of CPR was statistically significantly different for CICA patients compared to RICA patients.