bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender in health technology assessment: Pilot study on agency approaches
Authors: Panteli Dimitra , Zentner Annette , Storz-Pfennig Philipp , Busse Reinhard 
Published: June 2011

Objectives:Gender as a social construct is a recognized health determinant. Because best practice in reporting health technology assessment (HTA) clearly specifies the need to appraise a technology's social impact within the target population, the extent to which gender issues are taken into account in HTA production is of interest, not only in light of equitable practices but also for reasons of effectiveness. The aim of this study is to provide a first assessment of the degree of gender sensitivity shown by HTA agencies around the world today.Methods:The Web sites of sixty HTA agencies were analyzed. The consideration of gender aspects was specifically looked for in each agency's general mission statement, its priority setting process, and its methodological approach. Additionally, specific gender-oriented initiatives not belonging to any of the aforementioned categories were identified.Results:Of the sixty agencies, less than half mention a commitment to addressing the social implication of health technologies. Only fifteen institutions make information on their priority setting principles available on their Web sites and gender was an issue in two of those cases. Data on methodology were obtainable online from18 agencies, two of which mentioned gender issues explicitly. Finally, gender-oriented initiatives were identified by thirteen agencies.Conclusions:A gender-sensitive approach is apparently rarely adopted in current HTA production. Exceptional practices and relevant tools do exist and could serve as examples to be promoted by international collaborative networks.
Interannual variability of net community production and air-sea CO2 flux in a naturally iron fertilized region of the Southern Ocean (Kerguelen Plateau)
Authors: Jouandet Marie Paule , Blain Stephane , Metzl Nicolas , Mongin Mathieu 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe interannual variability of net community production (NCP) and air-sea CO2 flux in a naturally iron fertilized and productive area of the Southern Ocean (Kerguelen plateau) was investigated using a 1D biogeochemical model driven by satellite chlorophyll, sea surface temperature and wind speed data for the 1997–2007 period. The model simulates the low fCO2 and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) measured during summers 2004–05, 2005–06, 2006–07 and the high NCP derived from a seasonal carbon budget in the surface waters of these blooms. Although satellite data show high interannual variability in the dynamics and magnitude of the bloom during the 1997–2007 decade, the simulated interannual variability of the NCP was only ± 14%. This unexpected result could be due to the combined effect of both the duration and the start date of the bloom, the latter determining the depth of the mixed layer used to compute the NCP. In the productive area, the interannual variability of air-sea CO2 flux (± 13%) was not only driven by the biological effect but also by the solubility effect. Our results contrast with previous studies in the high nutrient, low chlorophyll regions of the Southern Ocean.
Modified Nikaidoh procedure in a patient with transposition of the great arteries, ventricular septal defect, and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction with unusual coronary anatomy
Authors: Ugurlucan Murat , Sayin Omer A. , Tireli Emin 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe Rastelli operation has been the most common procedure for the repair of transposition of the great arteries with ventricular septal defect and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. A relatively recent approach is the Nikaidoh procedure. Despite the fact that it seems promising, the operation lacks long-term follow-up data. It has been postulated that patients with anomalous coronary arteries are high-risk candidates for the Nikaidoh procedure and its modifications. In this report, we present the case of a patient with transposition of the great arteries with remote restrictive ventricular septal defect and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction with coronary anomaly – with the right coronary artery originating from the left anterior descending coronary artery and crossing the right ventricular outflow tract – who underwent successful modified Nikaidoh operation.
Effectiveness of a Canteen Take Away concept in promoting healthy eating patterns among employees
Authors: Lassen Anne D , Ernst Lotte , Poulsen Sanne , Andersen Klaus K , Hansen Gitte L , Biltoft-Jensen Anja , Tetens Inge 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effectiveness of a relatively novel concept of providing employees with healthy ready-to-heat meals to bring home to their families, here referred to as Canteen Take Away (CTA).DesignEmployees’ dietary intake on two weekdays when they received free CTA was compared with that on weekdays when they did not receive CTA. Four non-consecutive 24 h dietary recalls were applied to assess dietary intake on a daily basis. Moreover, a digital photographic method was used to assess evening meal intake for three consecutive weeks. Data were analysed using a mixed-effects model.SettingA financial worksite offering CTA.SubjectsTwenty-seven employees.ResultsOverall dietary quality as expressed by the energy density of the food (excluding beverages) was found to be significantly lower on days consuming CTA meals compared to days not consuming CTA with regard to evening meal intake (average difference: −187 (95 % CI −225, −149) kJ/100 g) and on a daily basis (average difference: −77 (95 % CI −132, −21) kJ/100 g). Other favourable differences included increased vegetable intake (average difference: 83 (95 % CI 67, 98) g/evening meal, 109 (95 % CI 62, 155) g/d).ConclusionThe present study shows that providing healthy take-away dinners has potential for promoting healthy dietary habits among employees. This reinforces the importance of availability and convenience as effective tools to promote healthy eating habits.
Music Education in Nineteenth-Century Greece: Its Institutions and their Contribution to Urban Musical Life
Authors: Romanou Katy , Barbaki Maria 
Published: June 2011

This article explores the music education of the Greek people in the nineteenth century, as revealed through the description of music education in Constantinople, Corfu and Athens.Before the establishment of the new state of Greece early in the nineteenth century, both Greeks and Europeans speak of ‘Greece’, referring to Greek communities beyond its borders. Music education in those communities consisted mainly of the music of the Greek Orthodox Church – applying a special notation, appropriate to its monophonic, unaccompanied chant – and Western music, and was characterized by the degree to which either culture prevailed. The antithesis of those music cultures was best represented, at least up to the 1850s, among the Greeks living in Constantinople – the seat of the Greek Orthodox Church – and Corfu of the Ionian Islands – where Italian music was assimilated. Athens was elected in 1834 as the capital of the Greek state because of its ancient monuments and did not attain the significance of a contemporary cultural centre before the 1870s. In Athens, these two musical cultures were absorbed and transformed through their confrontation and interaction. However, the new state's political orientation determined the predominance of Western music in music education in the capital.
Coho Salmon Population Structure in North America Determined from Microsatellites
Authors: Beacham Terry D. , Wetklo Michael , Deng Langtuo , MacConnachie Cathy 
Published: June 2011

AbstractPopulation structure of coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch from Russia to California was examined with a survey of microsatellite variation to describe the distribution of genetic variation. Variation at 17 microsatellite loci was surveyed for approximately 50,000 coho salmon sampled from 318 localities. The genetic differentiation index (FST) over all populations and loci was 0.058, with individual locus FST values ranging from 0.027 to 0.143. The least genetically diverse coho salmon were observed from Russia, the Porcupine River in the Yukon River drainage, and the middle Fraser and Thompson rivers in southern British Columbia. Coho salmon from Vancouver Island, British Columbia; Puget Sound, Hood Canal, and Juan de Fuca Strait, northern Washington; and Oregon displayed the greatest number of alleles compared with coho salmon in other regions. Differentiation in coho salmon allele frequencies among regions and among populations within regions was approximately seven times greater than that of annual variation within populations. A regional structuring of populations was the general pattern observed; coho salmon spawning in different tributaries within a major river drainage or spawning in smaller rivers in a geographic area were generally more similar to each other than to populations in different major river drainages or geographic areas. The distribution of microsatellite variation in coho salmon likely reflects the origins of salmon radiating from refuges after the last glaciation period.
Influences of Habitat and Hybridization on the Genetic Structure of Redband Trout in the Upper Snake River Basin, Idaho
Authors: Kozfkay Christine C. , Campbell Matthew R. , Meyer Kevin A. , Schill Daniel J. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe genetic structure of redband trout Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdnerii in the upper Snake River basin was investigated at various scales using 13 microsatellite loci. The majority of the genetic variation was partitioned between streams, although differentiation among watersheds was significant. This diversity was probably historically partitioned at the watershed scale when steelhead O. mykiss (anadromous rainbow trout) were present, with the exception of small, isolated, headwater streams where there may have been only resident trout. Genetic structure appears to have been altered by a combination of factors, including habitat fragmentation and hybridization with hatchery trout. Redband trout populations in the desert and montane environments both experienced reduced gene flow, but the desert populations displayed higher degrees of genetic differentiation. There was also a significant inverse relationship between the degree of genetic differentiation and the level of allelic diversity. Interspecific hybrids with cutthroat trout O. clarkii were detected within 9% of the sampled sites, but they made up only 2% of fish and were mostly confined to one sample location. In contrast, intraspecific hybrids with coastal rainbow trout O. m. irideus were detected within 31% of the samples sites and were more than twice as likely to be found where historical records indicated that stocking of hatchery rainbow trout occurred. The inclusion of intraspecific hybridized populations altered genetic structure by creating an artificial shared ancestry among populations from different drainages and led to higher levels of genetic variation in each of the populations. The threats of fragmentation and hybridization will need to be considered in developing conservation and management policies for redband trout in Idaho.
Landscape Models of Adult Coho Salmon Density Examined at Four Spatial Extents
Authors: Firman Julie C. , Steel E. Ashley , Jensen David W. , Burnett Kelly M. , Christiansen Kelly , Feist Blake E. , Larsen David P. , Anlauf Kara 
Published: June 2011

AbstractSalmon occupy large areas over which comprehensive surveys are not feasible owing to the prohibitive expense of surveying thousands of kilometers of streams. Studies of these populations generally rely on sampling a small portion of the distribution of the species. However, managers often need information about areas that have not been visited. The availability of geographical information systems data on landscape features over broad extents makes it possible to develop models to comprehensively predict the distribution of spawning salmon over large areas. In this study, the density of spawning coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch was modeled from landscape features at multiple spatial extents to identify regions or conditions needed to conserve populations of threatened fish, identify spatial relationships that might be important in modeling, and evaluate whether seventh‐field hydrologic units might serve as a surrogate for delineated catchments. We used geospatial data to quantify landscape characteristics at four spatial extents (a 100‐m streamside buffer, a 500‐m streamside buffer, all adjacent seventh‐field hydrologic units [mean area = 18 km2], and the catchment upstream from the reach [mean area = 17 km2]). Predictions from models incorporating land use, land ownership, geology, and climate variables were significantly correlated (r = 0.66–0.75, P < 0.0001) with observed adult coho salmon in the study area. In general, coho salmon densities (peak count of adults per kilometer) were greatest in river reaches within landscapes of undeveloped forest land with little area in weak rock types, areas with low densities of cattle and roads, and areas with a relatively large range in winter temperatures. The ability to predict the spatial distribution of coho salmon spawners from landscape data has great utility in guiding conservation, monitoring, and restoration efforts.
Response of Rainbow Trout to Different Food Web Structures in Northern Patagonia: Implications for Growth, Bioenergetics, and Invasiveness
Authors: Juncos Romina , Milano Daniela , Macchi Patricio J. , Alonso Marcelo F. , Vigliano Pablo H. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractRainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss have successfully colonized almost all available water bodies in Patagonia. Introduction and restocking practices have taken place since the beginning of the 20th century without prior consideration of differences between environments in terms of fish community composition and trophic food web structure. We assessed how observed growth, growth efficiency, production, and biomass of rainbow trout populations from four Patagonian lakes were influenced by food web structure and prey quality, and we evaluated the growth strategies adopted by this species in response to environmental differences. Fish communities vary in terms of species composition and dominance. Bioenergetics simulations showed that size and growth patterns of rainbow trout varied between lakes, mainly owing to dietary differences. Fewer and lower‐quality food items led to low growth efficiency and stunted growth, while a more diverse and higher‐energy diet base led to higher growth efficiency and larger sizes. Rainbow trout density, production, and biomass were higher in the larger, more structurally complex lakes, although rainbow trout production values in the smallest lake were comparable with those in a lake twice its size. This study provides comparative evidence of the high plasticity of rainbow trout, for which the adoption of different growth strategies facilitates the successful colonization of environments where diet bases range widely in quality.
Nonnative Fish Control in the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, Arizona: An Effective Program or Serendipitous Timing?
Authors: Coggins Lewis G. , Yard Michael D. , Pine William E. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe federally endangered humpback chub Gila cypha in the Colorado River within Grand Canyon is currently the focus of a multiyear program of ecosystem‐level experimentation designed to improve native fish survival and promote population recovery as part of the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program. A key element of this experiment was a 4‐year effort to remove nonnative fishes from critical humpback chub habitat, thereby reducing potentially negative interactions between native and nonnative fishes. Over 36,500 fish from 15 species were captured in the mechanical removal reach during 2003–2006. The majority (64%) of the catch consisted of nonnative fish, including rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (19,020), fathead minnow Pimephales promelas (2,569), common carp Cyprinus carpio (802), and brown trout Salmo trutta (479). Native fish (13,268) constituted 36% of the total catch and included flannelmouth suckers Catostomus latipinnis (7,347), humpback chub (2,606), bluehead suckers Catostomus discobolus (2,243), and speckled dace Rhinichthys osculus (1,072). The contribution of rainbow trout to the overall species composition fell steadily throughout the study period from a high of approximately 90% in January 2003 to less than 10% in August 2006. Overall, the catch of nonnative fish exceeded 95% in January 2003 and fell to less than 50% after July 2005. Our results suggest that removal efforts were successful in rapidly shifting the fish community from one dominated numerically by nonnative species to one dominated by native species. Additionally, increases in juvenile native fish abundance within the removal reach suggest that removal efforts may have promoted greater survival and recruitment. However, drought‐induced increases in river water temperature and a systemwide decrease in rainbow trout abundance concurrent with our experiment made it difficult to determine the cause of the apparent increase in juvenile native fish survival and recruitment. Experimental efforts continue and may be able to distinguish among these factors and to better inform future management actions.
Darwin's Flinch: Sensation Theatre and Scientific Looking in 1872
Authors: Watt-Smith Tiffany 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
This article explores the relationship between Darwin's The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (London: Murray, 1872) and the debates surrounding audiences of sensation theatre. It takes as its starting point a flinch performed by Darwin in a self-experiment at London Zoological Gardens. Darwin's flinch combined the act of scientific observation with a self-consciously staged emotional gesture. In the 1860s and early 1870s, the passionate and demonstrative audiences of sensation plays were similarly understood to watch themselves feeling. In this economy of emotional surfaces, actors and audience were caught up in unsettling relations between outwards expression and the remote landscape of interior feeling. Entangled in this theatrical instability, Darwin's scientific observation reflected broader cultural concerns about the reliability of the emotional body. Thus the article offers Darwin's Expression as an unusual but nonetheless suggestive artefact of theatrical spectatorship in 1872, while also contributing to recent debates about the history of objectivity and its supposedly unemotional and restrained scientific observer. It argues that the technique of self-conscious emotional spectatorship, shared by Darwin and theatre audiences, constituted a distinctive model of late Victorian emotion and visuality, in which communities of spectators were also spectators of themselves.
Oscillations of centroid position and surface area of soccer teams in small‐sided games
Authors: Frencken Wouter , Lemmink Koen , Delleman Nico , Visscher Chris 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThere is a need for a collective variable that captures the dynamics of team sports like soccer at match level. The centroid positions and surface areas of two soccer teams potentially describe the coordinated flow of attacking and defending in small‐sided soccer games at team level. The aim of the present study was to identify an overall game pattern by establishing whether the proposed variables were linearly related between teams over the course of the game. In addition, we tried to identify patterns in the build‐up of goals. A positive linear relation and a negative linear relation were hypothesized for the centroid positions and surface areas respectively. Finally, we hypothesized that deviations from these patterns are present in the build‐up of goals. Ten young male elite soccer players (mean age 17.3, s=0.7) played three small‐sided soccer games (4‐a‐side) of 8 minutes as part of their regular training routine. An innovative player tracking system, local position measurement (LPM), was used for obtaining player positions at 45 Hz per player. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to investigate the proposed linear relation of the key variables. Correlation coefficients indicate a strong positive linear relation during a whole game for the centroid position in all three games, with the strongest relation for the forward‐backward direction (r>0.94). For 10 out of 19 goals a crossing of the centroids in this direction can be seen. No negative linear relation was found for surface area (−0.01 < r<0.07). From this study, we concluded that over the course of a whole small‐sided game, the forward‐backward motion of the centroids is most strongly linearly related. Furthermore, goals show a specific pattern in the forward‐backward motion of the centroid. Therefore, surface area and particularly centroid position may provide a sound basis for a collective variable that captures the dynamics of attacking and defending in soccer at team level. Future research should develop these ideas further.
Cardiac autonomic function reveals adaptation to military training
Authors: Huovinen Jukka , Kyrolainen Heikki , Linnamo Vesa , Tanskanen Minna , Kinnunen Hannu , Hakkinen Keijo , Tulppo Mikko 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe last 4 weeks of basic military training are very stressful. We tested the hypothesis that changes in cardiac autonomic function during this period are associated with changes in maximal oxygen uptake and/or serum hormonal concentrations in male conscripts (n=22). Cardiac vagal autonomic function was assessed by measuring the high‐frequency (0.15–0.4 Hz) spectral power of R–R intervals. Maximal oxygen uptake ([Vdot]O2max) and basal serum testosterone concentration were measured at the beginning and end of the period. Individual changes in vagally mediated high‐frequency power (range −15% to +25%) correlated (r=0.73, P=0.001) with changes in [Vdot]O2max (range −9% to +6%) and changes in testosterone concentration (range −52% to +43%; r=0.43, P=0.047). The mean values of [Vdot]O2max and testosterone concentration did not change during the study period. Measurements of autonomic function could be a useful tool for indicating adaptation to the highly stressful conditions associated with basic military training.
Changes in mental distress following individualized physical training in patients suffering from chemical dependence
Authors: Mamen Asgeir , Pallesen Ståle , Martinsen Egil W. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThirty‐three individuals suffering from chemical dependence and psychiatric disorders underwent 150–500 h of training over 8–15 months with assistance from dedicated training partners, who motivated them to carry out exercise and controlled the intensity of their workouts. To accurately monitor fitness development, direct measures of maximum oxygen uptake and lactate threshold performance were recorded at the start and end of the project. The participants improved moderately in aerobic power by ~5%, (P =0.02). Furthermore, lactate threshold performance increased by ~12% (P =0.03). All scores of depression, anxiety, social phobia, and general mental distress declined during the project (P≤0.03). However, the results of screening tests for alcoholism and drug abuse did not show any significant change (P≥0.28). With the use of accurate physical tests, it was possible to distinguish between responders and non‐responders in terms of improvement in aerobic power. The responders showed reduced mental distress on more measures than the non‐responders, although the post‐treatment level of distress did not differ significantly between the two groups. Thus, it can be concluded that mastery of training and a feeling of being in a better shape may have positive effects on several aspects of mental health in patients suffering from substance dependence.