bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
C‐reactive protein (CRP) in high altitude Bolivian peri‐urban adolescents varies by adiposity, current illness, height, socioeconomic status, sex, and menarcheal status: The potential benefits and costs of adipose reserves in arduous environments
Authors: Vitzthum Virginia J. , Thornburg Jonathan , McDade Thomas W. , Hicks Kathryn A. , Miller Aaron , Chester Emily M. , Goodlett Baileigh , Caceres Esperanza , Spielvogel Hilde 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectivesIn non‐industrialized and low‐income populations, adipose stores can serve as a valuable buffer against harsh conditions such as seasonal food scarcity. However, these reserves may incur costs due to adipocytes' production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines; inflammation is associated with increased risk for cardiometabolic diseases later in life. Life history theory posits that, especially in populations with high juvenile mortality, higher adiposity may nonetheless be advantageous if its benefits in early life outweigh its later costs. Relatively little is known about adolescents' C‐reactive protein concentration (CRP; an inflammation biomarker) in such environments. We investigated CRP and its associations with several hypothesized predictors in adolescents in an economically diverse peri‐urban Andean community.MethodsWe measured CRP in dried blood spots and collected data on anthropometrics, illnesses, socioeconomic status (SES), and menarcheal status in 59 female and 40 male adolescents (“Alteños”, 11.0–14.9 years old) with normal vital signs in El Alto, Bolivia (~4150 m amsl). We used Cole's LMS method to standardize all anthropometrics for sex and age, and principal components analysis to construct a “fat‐factor” variable loading on these standardized z‐scores. We used multiple linear regression to assess the influence of fat‐factor and other likely predictors on CRP rank.ResultsCompared to a national Bolivian growth reference, Alteños were, on average, shorter and leaner; only 6% were classified as overweight and none were obese. Pre‐menarche females were on average leaner than post‐menarche females. The best‐fitting model explained 24% of the variance in CRP rank. Significant predictors were fat‐factor, SES, current illness for males and pre‐menarche females, and z‐height for females.ConclusionsOur results are consistent with a tradeoff between investments in growth versus immune functioning, as might be expected in an environment with limited resources and high pathogen exposure (e.g., soil‐transmitted helminths, poor sanitation). Thinner Alteños appear to maintain a minimum CRP concentration independent of fat‐factor, while fatter (or less‐thin) Alteños' CRP rises with fat‐factor. Female Alteños appear to be trading off investment in immune response for investment in growth and maturation. Alteños' high rate of stunting and absence of obesity suggests chronic, presumably multifactorial, stress. Adipose stores likely buffer against some of these stressors and, in an environment such as this—in which many lack sufficient nutritious foods, potable water, adequate sewage, and health care—may confer a net lifetime benefit.
Enhancing decanter centrifuge process design with data‐driven material parameters in multi‐compartment modeling
Authors: Zhai Ouwen , Ehret Niklas , Rhein Frank , Gleiss Marco 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPredicting the separation performance of decanter centrifuges is challenging due to dynamic events within the apparatus. Current methods for designing decanter centrifuges rely on simplified models, often leading to inaccuracies. Consequently, manufacturers must perform time‐intensive pilot scale experiments to derive their own correction factors. Growing computing power sparks interest in alternative modeling strategies. Grey box models (GBM) combine mechanistic white box models (WBM) and data‐driven black box models (BBM), with the optimal structure (parallel or serial) varying by application. For modeling decanter centrifuges, we propose a serial GBM that comprises an artificial neural network that outputs unknown material parameters into a first‐principle multi‐compartment model. Comparing this approach to alternative data‐driven modeling strategies (pure BBM, parallel GBM), we conclude that the serial GBM excels in terms of extrapolation, prediction ability, and transparency while also enabling a better comprehension of the separation process.
Complex Pathways Drive Pluripotent Fmoc‐Leucine Self‐Assemblies
Authors: Paul Subir , Gayen Kousik , Cantavella Pau Gil , Escuder Beatriu , Singh Nishant 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNature uses complex self‐assembly pathways to access distinct functional non‐equilibrium self‐assemblies. This remarkable ability to steer same set of biomolecules into different self‐assembly states is done by avoiding thermodynamic pit. In synthetic systems, on demand control over ‘Pathway Complexity’ to access self‐assemblies different from equilibrium structures remains challenging. Here we show versatile non‐equilibrium assemblies of the same monomer via alternate assembly pathways. The assemblies nucleate using non‐classical or classical nucleation routes into distinct metastable (transient hydrogels), kinetic (stable hydrogels) and thermodynamic structures [(poly)‐crystals and 2D sheets]. Initial chemical and thermal inputs force the monomers to follow different assembly pathways and form soft‐materials with distinct molecular arrangements than at equilibrium. In many cases, equilibrium structures act as thermodynamic sink which consume monomers from metastable structures giving transiently formed materials. This dynamics can be tuned chemically or thermally to slow down the dissolution of transient hydrogel, or skip the intermediate hydrogel altogether to reach final equilibrium assemblies. If required this metastable state can be kinetically trapped to give strong hydrogel stable over days. This method to control different self‐assembly states can find potential use in similar biomimetic systems to access new materials for various applications.
Structure‐Prediction‐Oriented Synthesis of Thiophosphates as Promising Infrared Nonlinear Optical Materials
Authors: Huang Yi , Chu Dongdong , Zhang Yong , Xie Congwei , Li Guangmao , Pan Shilie 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOriented synthesis of functional materials is a focus of attention in material science. As one of the most important function materials, infrared nonlinear optical materials with large second harmonic generation effects and broad optical band gap are in urgent need. In this work, directed by the theoretical structure prediction, the first series of non‐centrosymmetric (NCS) alkali‐alkaline earth metal [PS4]‐based thiophosphates LiCaPS4 (Ama2), NaCaPS4 (P21), KCaPS4 (Pna21), RbCaPS4 (Pna21), CsCaPS4 (Pna21) were successfully synthesized. Comprehensive characterizations reveal that ACaPS4 could be regarded as promising IR NLO materials, exhibiting wide band gap (3.77–3.86 eV), moderate birefringence (0.027–0.064 at 1064 nm), high laser‐induced damage threshold (LIDT, ~10×AGS), and suitable phase‐matching second harmonic generation responses (0.4–0.6×AGS). Structure‐properties analyses illustrate that the Ca−S bonds show non‐ignorable covalent feature, and [PS4] together with [CaSn] units play dominant roles to determine the band gap and SHG response. This work indicates that Li‐, Na‐ and K‐ analogs may be promising infrared nonlinear optical material candidates, and this is the first successful case of “prediction to synthesis” involving infrared (IR) nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals in the thiophosphate system and may provide a new avenue to the design and oriented synthesis of high‐performance function materials in the future.
Miniaturized Electrochemical Sensing Platforms for Quantitative Monitoring of Glutamate Dynamics in the Central Nervous System
Authors: Wang Qi , Yang Chunyu , Chen Shulin , Li Jinghua 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGlutamate is one of the most important excitatory neurotransmitters within the mammalian central nervous system. The role of glutamate in regulating neural network signaling transmission through both synaptic and extra‐synaptic paths highlights the importance of the real‐time and continuous monitoring of its concentration and dynamics in living organisms. Progresses in multidisciplinary research have promoted the development of electrochemical glutamate sensors through the co‐design of materials, interfaces, electronic devices, and integrated systems. This review summarizes recent works reporting various electrochemical sensor designs and their applicability as miniaturized neural probes to in vivo sensing within biological environments. We start with an overview of the role and physiological significance of glutamate, the metabolic routes, and its presence in various bodily fluids. Next, we discuss the design principles, commonly employed validation models/protocols, and successful demonstrations of multifunctional, compact, and bio‐integrated devices in animal models. The final section provides an outlook on the development of the next generation glutamate sensors for neuroscience and neuroengineering, with the aim of offering practical guidance for future research.
Quantitative Kinetic Insights from Operando‐UV/Vis Spectroscopy: An Application to NH3−SCR of NOx on Cu‐CHA Catalysts
Authors: Negri Chiara , Usberti Nicola , Contaldo Gabriele , Bracconi Mauro , Nova Isabella , Maestri Matteo , Tronconi Enrico 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe employ UV/Vis Diffuse Reflectance spectroscopy directly coupled with a packed bed flow reactor to extract quantitative kinetic information. We use as a show‐case the CuII/CuI redox dynamics during the reduction half cycle of the NH3‐Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) on Cu‐CHA catalysts. Our measurements enable quantification of the fraction of oxidized Cu, reconstructed by Multivariate Curve Resolution (MCR) together with monitoring of the gas‐phase evolution during the reaction. These data both on the dynamics of the gas‐phase and of the active site oxidation state have been used to assess the reduction half cycle rate equation and estimate the rate constant. Our results in terms of reaction orders and kinetic constant are in line with previous findings in the literature. Overall, our results demonstrate that the combined analysis of the UV spectra and of the gas‐phase dynamics provides converging and unparalleled kinetic insight: this approach effectively resolves ambiguities concerning RHC kinetics and mechanism. More in general, this work provides evidence that operando spectroscopy can be used to extract quantitative kinetic information on catalytic cycles.
Enzymes in Synergy: Bacteria Specific Molecular Probe for Locoregional Imaging of Urinary Tract Infection in vivo
Authors: Xin Evelias Yan Hui , Kwek Germain , An Xiaoyu , Sun Caixia , Liu Songhan , Qing Ng Shuang , Lingesh Shonya , Jiang Lai , Liu Gang , Xing Bengang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPECs) is a leading cause for urinary tract infections (UTI), accounting for 70–90 % of community or hospital‐acquired bacterial infections owing to high recurrence, imprecision in diagnosis and management, and increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance. Current methods for clinical UPECs detection still rely on labor‐intensive urine cultures that impede rapid and accurate diagnosis for timely UTI therapeutic management. Herein, we developed a first‐in‐class near‐infrared (NIR) UPECs fluorescent probe (NO−AH) capable of specifically targeting UPECs through its collaborative response to bacterial enzymes, enabling locoregional imaging of UTIs both in vitro and in vivo. Our NO−AH probe incorporates a dual protease activatable moiety, which first reacts with OmpT, an endopeptidase abundantly present on the outer membrane of UPECs, releasing an intermediate amino acid residue conjugated with a NIR hemicyanine fluorophore. Such liberated fragment would be subsequently recognized by aminopeptidase (APN) within the periplasm of UPECs, activating localized fluorescence for precise imaging of UTIs in complex living environments. The peculiar specificity and selectivity of NO−AH, facilitated by the collaborative action of bacterial enzymes, features a timely and accurate identification of UPECs‐infected UTIs, which could overcome misdiagnosis in conventional urine tests, thus opening new avenues towards reliable UTI diagnosis and personalized antimicrobial therapy management.
Preparation of N‐doped Co/NC‐CeO2‐hmta by pyrolysis of Co‐Ce‐Salen/hmta toward hydrogenation of nitroarenes under N2H4
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad Jawad , Lu Xue , Liang Liye , Li Guangming 
Published: June 2024

Since catalytic chemoselective reduction of corresponding nitroarenes is a significant route to produce functionalized anilines, developing inexpensive and highly active catalyst is imperia. Herein, the Co‐Ce‐H2salen‐hmta composite was first prepared by grinded completely the mixture of Co‐H2Salen and hexamethylenetetramine (hmta) in 1:1 mol ratio in a mortar. The 3d–4f hetero‐metal Co‐Ce‐H2salen coordination polymer acted as a support precursor and hmta provided the nitrogen source. Then, a target catalyst of Co/NC‐CeO2‐hmta were afforded by pyrolysis of Co‐Ce‐H2salen‐hmta composite at 800°C in the presence of argon atmosphere. When the target catalyst of Co/NC‐CeO2‐hmta and reference catalysts were applied for the hydrogenation of nitroarenes under N2H4, the target catalyst of Co/NC‐CeO2‐hmta exhibited better performance than reference catalysts in terms of conversion, yield, selectivity, and recyclability. Spectral analysis suggested that the high catalytic performance of a target catalyst of Co/NC‐CeO2‐hmta were attributed to highly dispersed metallic Co0, rich oxygen vacancies, and nitrogen‐doped carbon matrix.
Synthesis, In vitro and In silico Studies of Novel Bis‐triazolopyridopyrimidines from Curcumin Analogues as Potential Aromatase Agents
Authors: Gomha Sobhi M. , El‐Sayed Abdel‐Aziz A. A. , Zaki Magdi E. A. , Alrehaily Abdulwahed , Elbadawy Hossein M. , Al‐Shahri Ahmad bin Ali , Alsenani Saleh Rashed , Abouzied Amr S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBreast cancer remains a major global health issue, particularly affecting women and contributing significantly to mortality rates. Current treatments for estrogen receptor‐positive breast cancers, such as aromatase inhibitors, are effective but often come with side effects and resistance issues. This study addresses these gaps by targeting aromatase, an enzyme crucial for estrogen synthesis, which plays a pivotal role in breast cancer progression. The innovative approach involves synthesizing novel bis‐triazolopyridopyrimidines, designed to leverage the combined pharmacological benefits of pyridopyrimidine and 1,2,4‐triazole structures, known for their potent aromatase inhibition and anti‐cancer properties. These compounds were synthesized and characterized using 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and MS spectral analyses, and their anticancer efficacy was evaluated through MTT assays against MCF‐7 breast cancer cell lines in vitro. Molecular docking analyses revealed strong binding energies with aromatase, particularly for compounds 5 b, 5 c, 10 a, and 10 b, indicating their potential as effective aromatase inhibitors. The study highlights these compounds as promising candidates for further development as therapeutic agents against breast cancer.
Combined sepsis‐ and renal dysfunction‐induced hypoglycaemia in an older patient taking cibenzoline
Authors: Iha Tatsuki , Watanabe Ayako , Saeki Misa , Itoh Ayaka , Kashiwabara Yuka , Fujiwara Akiko , Momo Kenji 
Published: June 2024

Key Clinical MessageAn 86‐year‐old geriatric patient with sepsis presented cibenzoline‐induced hypoglycaemia, although within the boundary range of cibenzoline blood concentration.AbstractAn 86‐year‐old geriatric patient taking cibenzoline for ametropic hypertrophic cardiac tendinopathy was admitted to our hospital for the treatment of sepsis. Upon admission, blood cibenzoline levels of 400.1 ng/mL were observed. Antibiotic therapy was initiated and cibenzoline was discontinued. On Day 16, cibenzoline was administered orally at a reduced dose of 50 mg/day. Several days after restarting cibenzoline, the patient developed hypoglycaemia (64 mg/dL), prompting the administration of 20% glucose. The present case demonstrates a rational timeline for cibenzoline administration, considering the patient's renal dysfunction and sepsis. Clinicians should exercise caution when managing older patients with severe infections who are receiving cibenzoline, and should consider the possibility of blood glucose fluctuations regardless of cibenzoline blood levels. Further research is warranted to better understand and address the potential side effects of cibenzoline administration in geriatric populations.
Primary adrenal mantle cell lymphoma mimicking a non‐functional retroperitoneal paraganglioma
Authors: Seyed Toutounchi Kia , Jabbaripour Sarmadian Amirreza , Vahedi Amir , Rasihashemi Seyed Ziaeddin 
Published: June 2024

Key Clinical MessagePatients presenting with abdominal pain and retroperitoneal mass in radiographic images may be in the early stages of primary adrenal mantle cell lymphoma, which requires histological studies for a definite diagnosis.AbstractThis report presents a 37‐year‐old woman complaining of ambiguous abdominal pain, with imaging findings revealing a retroperitoneal abdominal mass on the left side of the aorta, and a possible diagnosis of non‐functional retroperitoneal paraganglioma. Total laparoscopic excision was performed. Surprisingly, histological examinations revealed features in favor of mantle cell lymphoma.
Severe finger necrosis in antisynthetase syndrome with positive anti‐OJ antibodies
Authors: Horiuchi Yugo , Hashimoto Kenichi , Yoshida Ryochi , Sekizawa Akinori , Kubota Akatsuki , Maeda Meiko , Toda Tatsushi , Tanaka Yuji 
Published: June 2024

Key Clinical MessageIn a patient with anti‐aminoacyl tRNA synthetase antibody and anti‐OJ antibody syndrome, interventions likes warming, prostaglandins, and antiplatelets failed. However, prednisolone pulse treatment rapidly halted disease progression. Patients with mild interstitial pneumonia, myositis, and extremity necrosis should be promptly considered for anti‐synthetase syndrome and receive immunosuppression after ruling out other causes.AbstractAnti‐aminoacyl tRNA synthetase (ARS) autoantibodies are myositis‐specific, and patients who test positive for ARS and have common clinical features are usually diagnosed with antisynthetase antibody syndrome (antisynthetase syndrome). Anti‐ARS antibodies include histidyl‐tRNA synthetase‐1 (Jo‐1), anti‐threonyl (PL‐7), anti‐alanyl (PL‐12), anti‐glycyl (EJ), anti‐asparaginyl (KS), anti‐tyrosyl (Ha), and anti‐phenylalanyl (Zo) tRNA synthetases. Among these, anti–isoleucyl tRNA synthetase (OJ) autoantibodies are extremely rare, and patients with these are frequently complicated by interstitial pneumonia. We report the case of an older man with ARS antibody syndrome who tested positive for anti‐OJ and anti‐Sjögren's‐syndrome‐related antigen A (Ro‐52) antibodies. He had muscle weakness due to myositis and unparalleled rapid and severe finger necrosis. Pulsed prednisolone effectively treated the myositis symptoms and terminated the progression of finger necrosis.
Mycobacterium genavense infections in immunocompromised patients with HIV: A clinical case report
Authors: Manshadi Seyed Ali Dehghan , Rezaei Mitra , Moradi Maryam , Hemmatian Marjan 
Published: June 2024

Key Clinical MessageIt is essential to consider non‐tuberculosis mycobacterium in HIV‐positive patients with fever, abdominal pain, weight loss, and splenomegaly.AbstractMycobacterium genavense is an opportunistic slow‐growing nontuberculous mycobacterium in patients with immunocompromised backgrounds, especially HIV‐positive patients. In this study, we present two cases of Mycobacterium genovese infection in HIV‐positive patients with a good clinical response to accurate treatment.
Porous alumina‐based ceramics with very low thermal conductivity prepared by the starch consolidation route
Authors: Alzukaimi Julian , Jabrah Rafi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAlumina‐based porous ceramics were fabricated via the starch consolidation casting route, using titanium oxide as a sintering additive. Alumina‐titania‐starch slurries with starch contents of 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 wt% relative to the alumina‐titania system were prepared. Titania was added to the slurries in proportions of 0, 1, 3, and 5 wt%, relative to alumina. The effects of starch and titania contents in the green bodies on the linear and volumetric shrinkage, as well as the total and open porosities of the sintered alumina product, were investigated. The effect of titania addition on mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties of the obtained porous alumina ceramics was studied. Microstructure and pores morphology were characterized by SEM. The alumina‐based ceramics obtained had external porosities that varied between 54 and 76 vol%. Thermal conductivities as low as 0.06–0.1 W/m.K were achieved and the volume electrical resistivity ranged from 3.6 to 600 GΩ·m, while compressive strengths up to 2.8 MPa for a titania ratio of 1 wt% were attained.
Metal‐Organic Frameworks (MOFs) As Hydrogen Storage Materials At Near‐Ambient Temperature
Authors: Sutton Ashley L. , Mardel James I. , Hill Matthew R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHydrogen may play a critical role in our efforts to de‐carbonize by 2050. However, there remain technical challenges in the storage and transport of hydrogen. Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have shown significant promise for hydrogen storage at cryogenic temperatures. A material that can meet the US department of energy (DOE) ultimate goal of 6.5 wt. % for gravimetric performance and 50 g/L for volumetric storage at near‐ambient temperatures would unlock hydrogen as a future fuel source for on‐board applications. Metal‐organic frameworks typically have low heat of adsorptions (i. e. 4–7 kJ/mol), whereas for storing significant quantities of hydrogen at near‐ambient temperatures, 15–25 kJ/mol is likely required. In this review we explore the current methods used (i. e., open‐metal sites, alkali dopants and hydrogen spillover) for promoting strong adsorption within MOFs. Further we discuss MOF‐based materials with respect to the technical aspects of deliverable capacity, kinetics and stability.
Norbornadiene‐Quadricyclane Photoswitches with Enhanced Solar Spectrum Match
Authors: Aslam Adil S. , Muhammad Lidiya M. , Erbs Hillers‐Bendtsen Andreas , Mikkelsen Kurt V. , Moth‐Poulsen Kasper 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHerein, we report monomeric and dimeric norbornadiene‐quadricyclane molecular photoswitch systems intended for molecular solar thermal applications. A series of six new norbornadiene derivatives conjugated with benzothiadiazole as the acceptor unit and dithiafulvene as the donor unit were synthesized and fully characterized. The photoswitches were evaluated by experimentally and theoretically measuring optical absorption profiles and thermal conversion of quadricyclane to norbornadiene. Computational insight by density functional theory calculations at the M06‐2X/def2‐SVPD level of theory provided geometries, storage energies, UV‐vis absorption spectra, and HOMO‐LUMO levels that are used to describe the function of the molecular systems. The studied molecules exhibit absorption onset ranging from 416 nm to 595 nm due to a systemic change in their donor‐acceptor character. This approach was advantageous due to the introduction of benzothiadiazole and the dimeric nature of molecular structures. The best‐performing system has a half‐life of 3 days with quantum yields over 50 %.