bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of a macroscopic groove on bone response and implant stability
Authors: Yoon Hyung‐In , Yeo In‐Sung , Yang Jae‐Ho 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a macroscopic groove on bone response and implant stability during the early stages of healing using a rabbit tibia model.Materials and methods: Anodized titanium implants with (n=24) and without (n=24) macroscopic grooves were prepared. A total of 12 rabbits were used and each received four implants: six rabbits with implants with macroscopic grooves (test group) and six rabbits with implants without macroscopic groves (control group). Histomorphometry, resonance frequency, and removal torque value were evaluated 2 and 6 weeks post‐implant‐insertion.Results: At 2 and 6 weeks, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the percentage of bone‐to‐implant contact (P>0.05). At 6 weeks, the test group had significantly higher implant stability quotient values than the control group (P<0.05). At 2 and 6 weeks, implants with grooves showed a significantly greater resistance to reverse torque than control implants (P<0.05).Conclusion: The groove on the oxidized titanium surface may increase both resistance to shear load and adhesion at the bone–implant interface. A geometric feature such as a macroscopic groove may facilitate osseointegration and increase implant stability in various clinical conditions. Further studies are required to confirm whether the improvement in implant stability will enhance treatment success in humans. To cite this article:
Yoon H‐I, Yeo I‐S, Yang J‐H. Effect of a macroscopic groove on bone response and implant stability. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2010; 1379–1385. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2010.01960.x
Radiographic evaluation of marginal bone levels during healing period, adjacent to parallel‐screw cylinder implants inserted in the posterior zone of the jaws, placed with flapless surgery
Authors: Nickenig Hans‐Joachim , Wichmann Manfred , Schlegel Karl Andreas , Nkenke Emeka , Eitner Stephan 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjective: The purpose of this study was to compare changes at the marginal bone level adjacent to implants placed with flapless surgery and flap surgery during a stress‐free healing period.Material and methods: Seven hundred and eighty‐five implants were placed in 417 patients with a flapless approach and 459 implants were placed in 227 patients using flap techniques. The marginal bone level was determined radiographically, using digitized panoramic radiographs, at two time points: at implant placement (baseline) and after the healing period.Results: The median follow‐up time was 0.5 years (SD, 1.2; range: 0.3–0.7). Implants placed with flapless surgery had a mean crestal bone loss of 0.5 mm (SD, 0.5; range: −0.7–2.4) and implants placed with flap surgery had a mean bone loss of 0.5 mm (SD, 0.7; range: −2.0–3.0) after healing. Differences in bone level changes between smokers and non‐smokers were statistically significant for the flapless group (P<0.01).Conclusions: A radiographic evaluation of marginal bone levels adjacent to implants showed comparable results for implants placed with flapless surgery and flap surgery. Appropriate case selection after virtual planning of the implant position and a sound surgical protocol is necessary for flapless surgery. Smoking habits may compromise the efficacy of flapless implant procedures. To cite this article:
Nickenig H‐J, Wichmann M, Schlegel KA, Nkenke E, Eitner S. Radiographic evaluation of marginal bone levels during healing period, adjacent to parallel‐screw cylinder implants inserted in the posterior zone of the jaws, placed with flapless surgery. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2010; 1386–1393. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2009.01961.x
Relationship between formaldehyde and quaternium‐15 contact allergy. Influence of strength of patch test reactions
Authors: De Groot Anton C. , Blok Janine , Coenraads Pieter‐Jan 
Published: June 2010

Background: In groups of patients with formaldehyde allergy, many have positive patch tests to quaternium‐15. Conversely, of patients allergic to quaternium‐15, over half also react to formaldehyde. Objectives: To test our hypothesis that patients with stronger patch test reactions to formaldehyde are more likely to react to quaternium‐15, attesting to the aetiological role for formaldehyde in such co‐reactivity. Methods: Retrospective analysis of all patients patch tested with formaldehyde and quaternium‐15 in the European baseline series between 1994 and 2009 (TRUE test®). Results: In a group of 86 patients allergic to formaldehyde, 73% co‐reacted to quaternium‐15; in the subgroup of 70 women, the percentage was 83. In both groups, more reactions were observed to quaternium‐15 in the patients with a ++ reaction compared to the patients with a + reaction to formaldehyde. Conversely, stronger reactions to quaternium‐15 were significantly more often associated with formaldehyde sensitivity in a group of 107 patients reacting to quaternium‐15 and a subgroup of 88 women. In men, such effects were not observed and only 5 of 16 (31%) men allergic to formaldehyde also reacted to quaternium‐15. Conclusions: In women, but not in men, stronger reactions to formaldehyde lead to more positive quaternium‐15 patch tests.
Dietary intakes of polyunsaturated fatty acids among pregnant Mexican women
Authors: Parra‐Cabrera Socorro , Stein Aryeh D. , Wang Meng , Martorell Reynaldo , Rivera Juan , Ramakrishnan Usha 
Published: June 2010

AbstractNutritional demands for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are high during pregnancy. Diets low in DHA and long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty‐acids (LC‐PUFA) in pregnancy are associated with poorer DHA status and slower reestablishment of maternal stores. To assess intakes of LC‐PUFA among urban pregnant women in Central Mexico, we conducted a cross‐sectional survey in Prenatal Clinic at the General Hospital No. 1 of the Mexican Society Security Institute, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. We ascertained intakes over past three months of 110 food items using a food frequency questionnaire developed for this population. Among 1364 pregnant women 18–35 years of age (mean age 26.2 ± 4.7 years) who were interviewed at 18–22 weeks gestation, median (inter‐quartile range) daily intakes of linoleic acid, alpha‐linolenic acid (LA), arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and DHA were 17.6 (13.6; 22.2) g, 1.4 (1.0; 2.0) g, 137 (102; 174) mg, 18 (10; 38) mg, and 55 (37; 99) mg respectively. The median ratio of n‐6 to n‐3 PUFA was 11.8:1. The main dietary contributions to DHA intake were eggs, chicken, and fresh canned fish. Intakes of PUFAs were higher among women who had completed high school (p < 0.01). We conclude that intakes of DHA were much lower than recommended values; the high n‐6 to n‐3 ratio suggests a suboptimal balance of these PUFAs. Very few sources of DHA are commonly eaten.
The Cysteine Pairs in CLV2 are Not Necessary for Sensing the CLV3 Peptide in Shoot and Root Meristems
Authors: Song Xiufen , Guo Peng , Li Chen , Liu Chun‐Ming 
Published: June 2010

Abstract Receptor‐like proteins (RLPs) are involved in both plant defense and developmental processes. Previous genetic and biochemical studies show that the leucine‐rich repeat (LRR) receptor‐like protein CLAVATA2 (CLV2) functions together with CLAVATA1 (CLV1) and CORYNE (CRN) in Arabidopsis to limit the stem cell number in shoot apical meristem, while in root it acts with CRN to trigger a premature differentiation of the stem cells after sensing the exogenously applied peptides of CLV3p, CLE19p or CLE40p. It has been proposed that disulfide bonds might be formed through two cysteine pairs in the extracellular LRR domains of CLV1 and CLV2 to stabilize the receptor complex. Here we tested the hypothesis by replacing these cysteines with alanines and showed that depletions of one or both of the cysteine pairs do not hamper the function of CLV2 in SAM maintenance. In vitro peptide assay also showed that removal of the cysteine pairs did not affect the perception of CLV3 peptides in roots. These observations allow us to conclude that the formation of disulfide bonds is not needed for the function of CLV2.
Habitat vulnerability in conservation planning—when it matters and how much
Authors: Visconti Piero , Pressey Robert L. , Bode Michael , Segan Daniel B. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAddressing the vulnerability of areas to habitat loss remains a challenge for conservation planners. Different areas are often assumed equally vulnerable to habitat loss or, worse, conservation attention focuses on remote, unproductive areas contributing little to minimizing biodiversity loss. Understanding vulnerability is crucial to planning but gathering the required information can be time consuming and expensive; and any data on vulnerability will be uncertain. We investigated the circumstances in which including vulnerability data produces better conservation decisions. We found that it is best to use existing information on vulnerability only when uncertainty is less than 20%–30%. With higher uncertainty and large spatial variance in vulnerability, it is best to improve vulnerability data before making conservation decisions. Otherwise, it is best to ignore vulnerability and consider only biodiversity value. Other important factors are whether reservation displaces or inhibits habitat loss and the correlation between biodiversity value and vulnerability.
Optimizing for multiple species and multiple values: tradeoffs inherent in ecosystem‐based fisheries management
Authors: Kellner Julie B. , Sanchirico James N. , Hastings Alan , Mumby Peter J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAlthough a consensus in marine science is developing on the need to adopt ecosystem‐based fishery management, few studies try to quantify the context‐specific gains from implementing it. Using a multi‐species bioeconomic model for a Caribbean reef community, we determine the optimal harvesting rates for predator and prey species and ask how this more comprehensive optimization differs from traditional single‐species approaches. We also identify tradeoffs when the objective of the manager includes nonfishing values. We find that the optimal solution when accounting for nonfishing values can include temporary or permanent fishing moratoriums in contrast to continuous fishing at low levels when only fishing profits are considered. We also show that the greatest gains from ecosystem‐based fishery management are not from improved estimation of the trophic coupling, but from reforming the social and economic management of individual fish stocks and by explicitly incorporating a broader set of values into management decisions.
Quantum cohomology of [ℂN/μr]
Authors: Bayer Arend , Cadman Charles 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe give a construction of the moduli space of stable maps to the classifying stack Bμr of a cyclic group by a sequence of rth root constructions on $\overline {M}_{0, n}$. We prove a closed formula for the total Chern class of μr-eigenspaces of the Hodge bundle, and thus of the obstruction bundle of the genus-zero Gromov–Witten theory of stacks of the form [ℂN/μr]. We deduce linear recursions for genus-zero Gromov–Witten invariants.
Synergistic Activities of an Efflux Pump Inhibitor and Iron Chelators against
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Growth and Biofilm Formation
Authors: Liu Yang , Yang Liang , Molin Søren 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACT

The efflux pump inhibitor phenyl-arginine-β-naphthylamide (PAβN) was paired with iron chelators 2,2′-dipyridyl, acetohydroxamic acid, and EDTA to assess synergistic activities against
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
growth and biofilm formation. All of the tested iron chelators synergistically inhibited
P. aeruginosa
growth and biofilm formation with PAβN. PAβN-EDTA showed the most promising activity against
P. aeruginosa
growth and biofilm formation.
Ability of
Candida albicans
Mutants To Induce
Staphylococcus aureus
Vancomycin Resistance during Polymicrobial Biofilm Formation
Authors: Harriott Melphine M. , Noverr Mairi C. 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACT

Candida
albicans
and
Staphylococcus
aureus
form vigorous polymicrobial biofilms in serum, which may serve as the source of coinfection in patients. More importantly,
S. aureus
is highly resistant to vancomycin during polymicrobial biofilm formation, with no decreases in bacterial viability observed with up to 1,600 μg/ml drug. In these mixed-species biofilms,
S. aureus
preferentially associates with
C. albicans
hyphae, which express a variety of unique adhesins. We tested
C. albicans
mutants deficient in transcriptional regulators of morphogenesis (
CPH1
and
EFG1
) and biofilm formation (
BCR1
) to investigate the role of hyphae in mediating polymicrobial biofilm formation. These mutants also have reduced expression of hypha-specific adhesins. The ability to form polymicrobial biofilms correlated with the ability to form hyphae in these mutants. However, only mutants that could adhere to the abiotic surface could induce
S. aureus
vancomycin resistance, regardless of the presence of hyphae. In examining factors that may mediate interspecies adhesion, we found that the
C. albicans
ALS family of adhesins (Als1 to Als7 and Als9) was not involved, and neither was the hypha-specific adhesin Hwp1. Therefore, polymicrobial biofilm formation and subsequent antibiotic resistance is a multifactorial process that may require a unique combination of fungal and/or bacterial adhesins.
In Vitro
Antifungal Activities of Isavuconazole and Comparators against Rare Yeast Pathogens
Authors: Guinea Jesús , Recio Sandra , Escribano Pilar , Peláez Teresa , Gama Beatriz , Bouza Emilio 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACT

We compared the
in vitro
activities of isavuconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole, and fluconazole against
Dipodascus capitatus
(
n
= 21),
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
(
n
= 20),
Rhodotorula mucilaginosa
(
n
= 18), and
Trichosporon
spp. (
n
= 15). The MIC
50
s, MIC
90
s, and MIC ranges (in μg/ml) obtained using the CLSI M27-A3 procedure were as follows: isavuconazole, 0.125, 0.5, and ≤0.015 to 2; posaconazole, 0.5, 2, and ≤0.015 to >16; voriconazole, 0.125, 2, and ≤0.015 to 8; and fluconazole, 4, >128, and ≤0.125 to >128. Isavuconazole showed potent activity against the isolates studied.
Comparative Analyses of the Bacterial Microbiota of the Human Nostril and Oropharynx
Authors: Lemon Katherine P. , Klepac-Ceraj Vanja , Schiffer Hilary K. , Brodie Eoin L. , Lynch Susan V. , Kolter Roberto 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACT

The nose and throat are important sites of pathogen colonization, yet the microbiota of both is relatively unexplored by culture-independent approaches. We examined the bacterial microbiota of the nostril and posterior wall of the oropharynx from seven healthy adults using two culture-independent methods, a 16S rRNA gene microarray (PhyloChip) and 16S rRNA gene clone libraries. While the bacterial microbiota of the oropharynx was richer than that of the nostril, the oropharyngeal microbiota varied less among participants than did nostril microbiota. A few phyla accounted for the majority of the bacteria detected at each site:
Firmicutes
and
Actinobacteria
in the nostril and
Firmicutes
,
Proteobacteria
, and
Bacteroidetes
in the oropharynx. Compared to culture-independent surveys of microbiota from other body sites, the microbiota of the nostril and oropharynx show distinct phylum-level distribution patterns, supporting niche-specific colonization at discrete anatomical sites. In the nostril, the distribution of
Actinobacteria
and
Firmicutes
was reminiscent of that of skin, though
Proteobacteria
were much less prevalent. The distribution of
Firmicutes
,
Proteobacteria
, and
Bacteroidetes
in the oropharynx was most similar to that in saliva, with more
Proteobacteria
than in the distal esophagus or mouth. While
Firmicutes
were prevalent at both sites, distinct families within this phylum dominated numerically in each. At both sites there was an inverse correlation between the prevalences of
Firmicutes
and another phylum: in the oropharynx,
Firmicutes
and
Proteobacteria
, and in the nostril,
Firmicutes
and
Actinobacteria
. In the nostril, this inverse correlation existed between the
Firmicutes
family
Staphylococcaceae
and
Actinobacteria
families, suggesting potential antagonism between these groups.

IMPORTANCE
The human nose and throat, though connected, contain distinct niches that are important sites of colonization by pathogenic bacteria. For many of these pathogens, colonization increases the risk of infection. Most research on the microbiota of nose and throat habitats has focused on carriage of one or a few pathogens. We hypothesized that increased knowledge of the composition of the complex bacterial communities in which these pathogens reside would provide new insights into why some individuals become colonized with pathogens, while others do not. Indeed, in the nostril microbiota of participants, there was an inverse correlation between the prevalences of the
Staphylococcaceae
family (
Firmicutes
), whose members include important pathogens, and the
Corynebacteriaceae
and
Propionibacteriaceae
families (both
Actinobacteria
), whose members are more commonly benign commensals. An improved understanding of competitive bacterial colonization will increase our ability to define predispositions to pathogen carriage at these sites and the subsequent risk of infection.
Sleep habits and excessive daytime sleepiness correlate with injury risks in the general population in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Ying-Yeh , Wu Kevin Chien-Chang 
Published: June 2010

ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between sleeping habits, excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), and different injury risks in the general population of Taiwan.DesignCross-sectional national data from the Taiwan Social Trend Survey conducted in 2005 by interviews using validated inventories.SettingPopulation-based face-to-face interviews at participants' residences.Participants36 473 Taiwanese citizens aged 15 years or older.Exposure MeasuresSelf-reported EDS was measured using the Epworth sleepiness scale. Other sleep-related problems investigated included self-reported sleep quality (assessed by the insomnia self-assessment inventory) and self-reported inadequate sleep duration (<7 h).Main Outcome MeasuresSelf-reported major injuries that required medical attention.ResultsConsidering all sleep-related problems together, multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that EDS and poor sleep quality were significant predictors of higher risks of various injuries. EDS predicted major traffic injuries (odds ratio (OR) 1.62, 95% CI 1.29 to 2.02) and major fall injuries (OR 1.49, 95% CI1.20 to 1.84). Those with poor sleep quality tended to have traffic injuries (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.41 to 1.99) and major fall injuries (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.44 to 2.07).ConclusionsEDS and sleep quality are associated with the occurrence of a variety of injuries in Taiwan's general population.
The measurement of long-term health-related quality of life after injury: comparison of EQ-5D and the health utilities index
Authors: Polinder Suzanne , Haagsma Juanita A , Bonsel Gouke , Essink-Bot Marie-Louise , Toet Hidde , van Beeck Ed F 
Published: June 2010

ObjectiveEmpirical head-to-head comparison of the health utility index (HUI) mark 2 and 3 and the EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D) in injury patients of all severity levels to obtain more insight into the strengths and limitations of the multi-attribute utility measures (MAUI) to estimate utility losses in injury populations.DesignA self-assessment survey that included the EQ-5D, HUI2 and HUI3 to measure generic health-related quality of life.PatientsInjury patients in The Netherlands 2 years after they attended the emergency department.Main Outcome MeasuresShannon's index and Shannon's evenness index were used to assess absolute and relative informativity, both for the summary scores and by dimension. The study also analysed convergent and construct validity of the MAUI.ResultsMean summary scores significantly differed between the instruments, with highest summary scores for HUI2 (0.88), followed by HUI3 (0.80) and EQ-5D (0.78). Absolute and relative informativity by dimension was highest for the HUI3 descriptive system. The HUI3 was most sensitive for ageing and comorbidity. The largest differences between the MAUI were found for pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression/emotion. The largest differences in discriminative power between EQ-5D and HUI (mark 2 and 3) were seen for skull–brain injury, internal organ injury and upper extremity fractures.ConclusionsDifferent MAUI resulted in significantly different summary scores. The instruments and their dimensions performed differently for injury severity levels, ageing, comorbidity and injury groups. A combination of the HUI and EQ-5D should be used in studies on injury-related disability, because the combination covers all relevant health dimensions, is applicable in all kinds of injury populations and in widely different age ranges.
Injury-related childhood mortality in migrant households in a southern city of China
Authors: Wang H , Smith G A , Stallones L , Xiang H 
Published: June 2010

BackgroundSporadic evidence from China suggests that migrant children are at higher risk of injury-related mortality than local indigenous children.MethodsChild deaths from 2004 to 2008 were provided by the Shenzhen Women and Child Health Surveillance System. Population data for children 1–4 years old were obtained from the Shenzhen Bureau of Statistics and number of live births was obtained from birth registration records. All-cause and injury-related childhood mortality rates and death causes were calculated and compared.ResultsA total of 3774 deaths were identified. All-cause mortality rates per 10 000 dropped significantly from 66.28 (95% CI 60.50 to 72.06) in infants (<1 year old) and 7.40 (95% CI 6.16 to 8.64) in early childhood (1–4 years old) in 2004 to 40.42 (95% CI 37.31 to 43.53) and 3.97 (95% CI 3.36 to 4.58) in 2008. However, injury-related mortality rates did not change significantly from 2.36 (95% CI 1.27 to 3.45) in infants and 2.97 (95% CI 2.19 to 3.76) in early childhood in 2004 to 2.00 (95% CI 1.31 to 2.69) and 2.00 (95% CI 1.56 to 2.43) in 2008. Injury-related mortality rates were significantly higher among migrant children (p<0.05). Drowning and traffic crashes were the top two causes of early childhood injury deaths; suffocation was the leading cause of infant injury deaths.ConclusionMigrant children were at significantly higher risk of injury-related mortality than local indigenous children. Injury prevention in Shenzhen should target drowning and traffic safety among young children and suffocation among infants as top priorities.