bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
61.4: High‐Performance and Highly Rollable a‐IGZO TFTs Adopting Composite Electrodes and Transparent Polyimide Substrates
Authors: Chien Chih‐Wei , Hsieh Hsing‐Hung , Wu Cheng‐Han , Tsai Yu‐Tang , Kung Yen‐Cheng , Hsu Po‐Ching , Lin Chang‐Yu , Wu Chung‐Chih , Yeh Yung‐Hui , Leu Chyi‐Ming , Lee Tzong‐Ming 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe have demonstrated high‐performance and highly rollable flexible oxide TFTs on fully transparent/colorless polyimide substrates by adopting lithographic and etching processes and composite electrodes. The TFTs exhibited a field‐effect mobility of up to 15.9 cm2/Vs, a sub‐threshold swing of 0.43 V/decade, and an on/off ratio of > 108. The devices could be bent down to a radius of 3 mm and yet remained normally functional.
63.3: Back‐exposure Manufacturing Route for MEMS Reflective Display
Authors: Park Hyun‐Chul , Oh Jin‐Ho , Choi Hak‐Nyun , Kim Yong‐Seog 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn this study, we attempted a new manufacturing route for an interferometric modulator type MEMS display. Instead of conventional pattern forming process, we developed back‐exposure procedure combined with lift‐off process to reduce the number of masks and alignment steps used. The pixel structure manufactured revealed that this new procedure is capable of producing the device with high accuracy and quality.
65.3: Distinguished Paper: High Efficiency Optical System for Ultra‐Short Throw Distance Projector Based on Multi‐laser Light Source
Authors: Okuda Michihiro , Matsumoto Shinya , Maeda Makoto , Arai Kazuhiro , Tsuji Kiyoko , Ando Takahisa , Abe Takaaki , Inoue Masutaka , Amano Ryuhei , Ikeda Takashi , Kanayama Hideyuki 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe have developed a high‐efficiency optical system that uses multiple lasers as a light source. This optical system enables us to produce a novel laser projector with a high brightness and an ultra‐short throw distance. By utilizing the advantages of a laser, we have achieved a brightness of 7,000 lm and a throw ratio of 0.28 with an image size of 100–150 inches.
3.3: Efficient PolarizationBased Stereoscopic Projector with Extended Color Gamut: Combining Two Projectors into One
Authors: Bogaert Lawrence , Meuret Youri , Vanderheijden Jana , Thienpont Hugo , de Smet Herbert 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA prototype stereoscopic projection system is built to combine the functionality of two projectors with polarizers at the output of their projection lens into one optical engine. The system is adapted to enable wide color gamut visualization with up to six primary colors using light emitting diodes.
Equity, Heterogeneity and International Environmental Agreements
Authors: Kolstad Charles D 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Much of the literature on international environmental agreements (IEA) considers the case of identical countries. There is a much smaller literature concerning the more complex but more realistic case of country heterogeneity. This paper involves modifying the standard static homogeneous country model of international environmental agreements. In particular, we consider two types of countries, differing in size as well as in marginal damage from pollution. Although the IEA does not have a unique size in this case, we do introduce two equilibrium refinements and explore the implications for coalition size. The two refinements include one based on efficiency and one based on equity.
A New Species of the Genus Leistus (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Nebriini) from Kazakhstan
Authors: Kabak I. , Putchkov A. 
Published: October 2010

A New Species of the Genus Leistus (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Nebriini) from Kazakhstan
Leistus (Pogonophorus) tatianae Kabak et Putchkov, sp. n. is described from the right bank of the Bayankol River (South-Eastern Kazakhstan). Its differences from the closely related species L. mitjaevi Kabak, 2008 and L. tschitscherini Semenov, 1906 are discussed.
Cingulum bundle white matter in MAG-knockout mice
Authors: Segal Devorah , Carpenter David , Höistad Malin , Haroutunian Vahram , Tang Cheuk , Hof Patrick 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMyelin associated glycoprotein (MAG) is an oligodendrocyte-derived gene whose expression is decreased in schizophrenia. Several measures of white matter integrity appear abnormal in schizophrenia, specifically in the anterior cingulate gyrus. We studied mice lacking MAG as a potential model of dysmyelination. Using the stereological “Space Balls” method, we estimated myelinated fiber length density in the cingulum bundle in adult knockout and control mice. We performed diffusion anisotropy imaging in these animals, measuring fractional anisotropy (FA) in a region of the cingulum bundle. We found no differences in cingulum myelinated fiber length density between the two groups, although we did note an age-related decrease regardless of genotype. No differences were noted in FA either, but an age-related decrease was seen as well. These findings imply that MAG dysfunction alone is not sufficient to cause the white matter alterations seen in schizophrenia.
Potential application of grape derived polyphenols in Huntington’s disease
Authors: Wang Jun , Pfleger Cathie , Friedman Lauren , Vittorino Roselle , Zhao Wei , Qian Xianjuan , Conley Lindsay , Ho Lap , Pasinetti Giulio 
Published: October 2010

AbstractHuntington’s disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with selective neuronal cell death. Abnormal aggregation of huntingtin protein with polyQ expansion has been shown to be causally linked to HD. Grape seed polyphenolic extract (GSPE) is a natural compound that has previously been shown to interfere with aggregations of proteins involved in neurological disorders, such as amyloid beta peptides (Aβ) and Tau protein. In this study we found that GSPE treatment significantly inhibits polyQ aggregation in phaeochromocytoma (PC)-12 cell line containing an ecdysone-inducible protein comprising the first 17 amino acid of huntingtin plus 103 glutamines fused with enhanced GFP. In vivo feasibility studies using the Q93httexon1 drosophila model of HD, we extended our in vitro evidence and found that flies fed with GSPE had a significantly improved lifespan compared to the control flies. Using the R6/2 rodent model of HD, we found that oral administration of 100 mg/kg/day GSPE (equivalent to 500mg per day in human) significantly attenuated the motor skill decay as well as extended the lifespan in the R6/2 mice relative to vehicle-control mice. Collectively, our studies strongly suggest that GSPE might be able to modulate the onset and/or progression of HD.
Early-stage visual processing abnormalities in high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
Authors: Baruth Joshua , Casanova Manuel , Sears Lonnie , Sokhadze Estate 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIt has been reported that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have abnormal responses to the sensory environment. For these individuals sensory overload can impair functioning, raise physiological stress, and adversely affect social interaction. Early-stage (i.e. within 200 ms of stimulus onset) auditory processing abnormalities have been widely examined in ASD using event-related potentials (ERP), while ERP studies investigating early-stage visual processing in ASD are less frequent. We wanted to test the hypothesis of early-stage visual processing abnormalities in ASD by investigating ERPs elicited in a visual oddball task using illusory figures. Our results indicate that individuals with ASD have abnormally large cortical responses to task irrelevant stimuli over both parieto-occipital and frontal regions-of-interest (ROI) during early stages of visual processing compared to the control group. Furthermore, ASD patients showed signs of an overall disruption in stimulus discrimination, and had a significantly higher rate of motor response errors.
Antimicrobial associated diarrhoea in the horse. Part 2: Which antimicrobials are associated with AAD in the horse?
Authors: McGorum B. C. , Pirie R. S. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryAlmost all oral and parenterally administered antimicrobials have been linked with antimicrobial associated diarrhoea (AAD) in both man and horses, although some antimicrobials clearly pose a higher risk.
Clinical findings and outcomes of ulcerative keratomycosis in 30 horses in the mid‐Atlantic United States (2006–2007)
Authors: Utter M. E. , Wotman K. L. , Armour M. , Bagel J. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to determine the clinical course and outcome associated with keratomycosis in horses in the mid‐Atlantic USA.Records of horses diagnosed with keratomycosis at New Bolton Center from November 2006 to November 2007 with positive fungal culture were retrospectively studied. Neither horses with ulcerative keratitis and a negative fungal culture nor those with stromal abscesses were included. Subject details, history, clinical findings, therapy and outcome were recorded.Thirty horses fitted both inclusion criteria (diagnosis of keratomycosis and positive corneal fungal culture). Fourteen of 30 cases occurred during summer.Aspergilluswas the most commonly cultured fungal genus (17/30, or 57%) followed byAlternaria(4/30). Seventeen horses had positive bacterial and fungal cultures. Fifteen of 30 horses were treated surgically by a keratectomy and amnion (8) or conjunctival (7) graft. Itraconazole was the most common topical anti‐fungal therapy and was utilised in 25/30 horses. Globe survival was 97% (29/30). All surviving globes had a positive menace response and were visual at the last examination.It was concluded that in the mid‐Atlantic USA, fungal keratitis is common, has the highest incidence in summer, and is usually associated with a positive outcome.Aspergillusmay be a relatively more common corneal pathogen in this region than elsewhere in the USA. Surgical cases were more likely to have fungal hyphae identified on cytology and tended to be hospitalised longer than medical cases. There was no apparent association between surgical disease and all other patient, organism and treatment variables.
Platelets Contribute to Allograft Rejection through Glutamate Receptor Signaling
Authors: Swaim AnneMarie F. , Field David J. , Fox-Talbot Karen , Baldwin William M. , Morrell Craig N. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Platelets recruit leukocytes and mediate interactions between leukocytes and endothelial cells. Platelets have been long described as markers of transplant rejection, but the contribution of platelets to transplant rejection has not been critically examined. We demonstrate in this study that following T cell initiation of allograft rejection, platelets contribute to T cell recruitment and increased plasma inflammatory mediators and accelerate T cell-meditated skin graft rejection. Prior work from our laboratory has shown that platelets secrete glutamate when activated, which then induces platelet thromboxane production by signaling through platelet-expressed ionotropic glutamate receptors. Glutamate receptor antagonists therefore represent, to our knowledge, novel inhibitors of platelet-accelerated inflammation. We have found that plasma glutamate is increased in mice that receive skin grafts and that mice treated with glutamate receptor antagonists have improved graft survival and decreased plasma thromboxane, platelet factor 4 (CXCL4), and IFN-γ. Taken together, our work now demonstrates that subsequent to T cell initiation of skin graft rejection, platelets contribute to further T cell recruitment and that by blunting glutamate-mediated platelet activation, graft survival is improved.
On How Monospecific Memory-Like Autoregulatory CD8+ T Cells Can Blunt Diabetogenic Autoimmunity: A Computational Approach
Authors: Khadra Anmar , Tsai Sue , Santamaria Pere , Edelstein-Keshet Leah 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
We have recently shown that during progression to autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice, memory autoreactive regulatory CD8+ T cells arising from low-avidity precursors can be expanded to therapeutic levels using nanoparticles coated with disease-relevant peptide-major histocompatibility complexes (pMHCs). Here we examine the dynamics of memory autoregulatory CD8+ T cells specific for islet-specific glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit-related protein206–214, a prevalent β cell autoantigen; their high-avidity counterparts (dominant effectors); and all other autoreactive non-islet-specific glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit-related protein206–214-specific CD8+ T cell specificities (subdominant effectors) in response to pMHC-coated nanoparticle (pMHC-nanoparticle) therapy. We combine experimental data with mathematical modeling to investigate the clonal competition dynamics of these T cell pools. To mimic the response diversity observed in NOD mice, we simulated many individual mice, using a wide range of parameters, and averaged the results as done experimentally. We find that under certain circumstances, pMHC-nanoparticle–induced expansion of autoregulatory CD8+ T cells can effectively suppress the expansion of dominant and subdominant effectors simultaneously but, in some few cases, can lead to the substitution (or switching) of one effector population by another. The model supports the idea that disease suppression is based on the elimination of autoantigen-loaded APCs by the expanded autoregulatory CD8+ T cells. The model also predicts that treatment strategies that operate by selectively inhibiting autoantigen-loaded APCs, such as the pMHC-nanoparticle approach, have the highest promise to blunt polyclonal, multiantigen-specific autoimmune responses in vivo without impairing systemic immunity.
Targeted Complement Inhibitors Protect against Posttransplant Cardiac Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury and Reveal an Important Role for the Alternative Pathway of Complement Activation
Authors: Atkinson Carl , He Songqing , Morris Keeley , Qiao Fei , Casey Sarah , Goddard Martin , Tomlinson Stephen 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is an unavoidable event during solid organ transplantation and is a major contributor to early graft dysfunction and subsequent graft immunogenicity. In a therapeutic paradigm using targeted complement inhibitors, we investigated the role of complement, and specifically the alternative pathway of complement, in IRI to heart isografts. Mouse heterotopic isograft heart transplants were performed in C57BL/6 mice treated with a single injection of either CR2-Crry (inhibits all complement pathways) or CR2-fH (inhibits alternative complement pathway) immediately posttransplantation. Transplanted hearts were harvested at 12 and 48 h for analysis. Both inhibitors resulted in a significant reduction in myocardial IRI, as measured by histology and serum cardiac troponin I levels. Furthermore, compared with untreated controls, both inhibitors reduced graft complement deposition, neutrophil and macrophage infiltration, adhesion molecule expression (P-selectin, E-selectin, and I-CAM-1), and proinflammatory cytokine expression (TNF-α, IL-1β, KC, and MCP-1). The reduction in myocardial damage and cellular infiltration was not significantly different between CR2-Crry– and CR2-fH–treated mice, although adhesion molecule and cytokine levels were significantly lower in CR2-Crry–treated mice compared with CR2-fH–treated mice. In conclusion, the alternative complement pathway plays a major contributing role in myocardial IRI after heart transplantation, and local (targeted) complement inhibition has the potential to provide an effective and safe therapeutic strategy to reduce graft injury. Although total complement blockade may be somewhat more efficacious in terms of reducing inflammation, specific blockade of the alternative pathway is likely to be less immunosuppressive in an already immunocompromised recipient.
Cutting Edge: The Adapters EAT-2A and -2B Are Positive Regulators of CD244- and CD84-Dependent NK Cell Functions in the C57BL/6 Mouse
Authors: Wang Ninghai , Calpe Silvia , Westcott Jill , Castro Wilson , Ma Chunyan , Engel Pablo , Schatzle John D. , Terhorst Cox 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
EWS/FLI1-activated transcript 2 (EAT-2)A and EAT-2B are single SH2-domain proteins, which bind to phosphorylated tyrosines of signaling lymphocyte activation molecule family receptors in murine NK cells. While EAT-2 is a positive regulator in human cells, a negative regulatory role was attributed to the adapter in NK cells derived from EAT-2A–deficient 129Sv mice. To evaluate whether the genetic background or the presence of a selection marker in the mutant mice could influence the regulatory mode of these adapters, we generated EAT-2A–, EAT-2B–, and EAT-2A/B–deficient mice using C57BL/6 embryonic stem cells. We found that NK cells from EAT-2A– and EAT-2A/B–deficient mice were unable to kill tumor cells in a CD244- or CD84-dependent manner. Furthermore, EAT-2A/B positively regulate phosphorylation of Vav-1, which is known to be implicated in NK cell killing. Thus, as in humans, the EAT-2 adapters act as positive regulators of signaling lymphocyte activation molecule family receptor-specific NK cell functions in C57BL/6 mice.
Malignancies in the setting of primary immunodeficiency: Implications for hematologists/oncologists
Authors: Shapiro Ralph S. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMany primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDD) are associated with elevated risks for different types of cancer. Defective immunosurveillance mechanisms in PIDD and infection with oncogenic viruses (eg, Epstein Barr, herpesvirus 8) seem to have significant contributory roles in many cases. Non‐Hodgkin lymphoma and Hodgkin disease are two of the most common PIDD‐associated malignancies. The impact of PIDD‐associated malignancy has increased in recent years in parallel with improved patient with PIDD survival and longevity, due largely to effective immunoglobulin replacement therapy. Epidemiologic data, clinical patterns, and management considerations of the common PIDD‐associated cancers are reviewed. Am. J. Hematol., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis, Photophysical and Electrophosphorescent Properties of Fluorene‐Based Platinum(II) Complexes
Authors: Yuen Mai‐Yan , Kui Steven C. F. , Low Kam‐Hung , Kwok Chi‐Chung , Chui Stephen Sin‐Yin , Ma Chun‐Wah , Zhu Nianyong , Che Chi‐Ming 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA series of platinum(II) complexes bearing tridentate cyclometalated C^N^N (C^N^N=6‐phenyl‐2,2'‐bipyridine and π‐extended R‐C^N^N=3‐[6'‐(naphthalen‐2''‐yl)pyridin‐2'‐yl]isoquinoline) ligands with fluorene units have been synthesised and their photophysical properties have been studied. The fluorene units are incorporated into the cyclometalated ligands by a Suzuki coupling reaction. An increase in the π‐conjugation of the cyclometalated ligands confers favourable photophysical properties compared to the 6‐phenyl‐2,2'‐bipyridine analogues. The fluorene‐based platinum(II) complexes display vibronic‐structured emission bands with λmax=558–601 nm, and high emission quantum yields up to 0.76 in degassed dichloromethane. Their emissions are tentatively assigned to excited states with mixed 3IL/3MLCT parentage (IL=intraligand, MLCT=metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer). The crystal structures of these platinum(II) complexes reveal extensive PtII⋅⋅⋅π and/or π–π interactions. The fluorene‐based platinum(II) complexes are soluble in organic solvents, have high thermal stability with decomposition temperature >350 °C, and can be thermally vacuum‐sublimed or solution‐processed as phosphorescent dopants for the fabrication of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). A monochromic OLED with 3 d as dopant (2 wt %) fabricated by vacuum deposition gave a current efficiency of 14.7 cd A−1 and maximum brightness of 27000 cd m−2. A high current efficiency (9.2 cd A−1) has been achieved in a solution‐processed OLED using complex 3 f (5 wt %) doped in a PVK (poly(9‐vinylcarbazole)) host.
An estimated‐score approach for dealing with missing covariate data in matched case–control studies
Authors: Sinha Samiran 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMatched case–control designs are commonly used in epidemiological studies for estimating the effect of exposure variables on the risk of a disease by controlling the effect of confounding variables. Due to retrospective nature of the study, information on a covariate could be missing for some subjects. A straightforward application of the conditional logistic likelihood for analyzing matched case–control data with the partially missing covariate may yield inefficient estimators of the parameters. A robust method has been proposed to handle this problem using an estimated conditional score approach when the missingness mechanism does not depend on the disease status. Within the conditional logistic likelihood framework, an empirical procedure is used to estimate the odds of the disease for the subjects with missing covariate values. The asymptotic distribution and the asymptotic variance of the estimator when the matching variables and the completely observed covariates are categorical. The finite sample performance of the proposed estimator is assessed through a simulation study. Finally, the proposed method has been applied to analyze two matched case–control studies.The Canadian Journal of Statistics38: 680–697; 2010 © 2010 Statistical Society of Canada
Comparison of Immediate vs Early Invasive Strategy in Patients With First Acute Non–ST‐Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Sciahbasi Alessandro , Madonna Mariapina , De Vita Maria , Agati Luciano , Scioli Roberto , Summaria Francesco , Romagnoli Enrico , Patrizi Roberto , Lanzillo Chiara , Pendenza Gianluca , Canali Emanuele , Penco Maria , Lioy Ernesto 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackground:The best timing for coronary angiography (immediate vs early) in patients with acute non–ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) is controversial.Hypothesis:Evaluate in NSTEMI patients the effects of an immediate compared to an early invasive strategy on microvascular damage, myocardial perfusion, and infarct size.Methods:We randomized 54 consecutive patients with first episode of NSTEMI: 27 patients (22 males, age 58.8 ± 9.4 years, group A) underwent immediate (≤6 hours) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with a double bolus of eptifibatide, and 27 patients (24 males, age 59.7 ± 9.8 years, P = 0.72, group B) underwent early (7–72 hours) PCI with upstream eptifibatide. Microvascular damage was evaluated at predischarge by myocardial contrast echocardiography, and the contrast defect length was calculated.Results:There were no significant differences in pre‐PCI myocardial blush grade (MBG) (41% MBG 0 or 1 in group A vs 37% MBG 0 or 1 in group B, P = 0.78), in post‐PCI MBG (7.4% MBG 0 or 1 in both groups, P = 1.00), and in contrast defect length (4.5% in group A vs 2.8% in group B, P = 0.56). However, group A showed a significant reduction in creatine kinase myocardial band isoenzyme peak (26 ± 26 ng/mL in group A vs 69 ± 79 ng/mL in group B, P = 0.01) and in troponin T peak (0.84 ± 1.2 ng/mL in group A vs 1.8 ± 2.1 ng/mL in group B, P = 0.048).Conclusions:In patients with NSTEMI treated with eptifibatide, immediate PCI is associated with less increase in myonecrosis markers compared with PCI within 72 hours. There were no significant differences in myocardial perfusion between the 2 strategies. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
A Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory Is Not Just an Angiographic Suite
Authors: Richard Conti C. 
Published: October 2010

Abstractmagnified imageWhen I began my cardiology training in 1965, my instructors in the cardiac catheterization laboratory made it clear to me that many things other than anatomic assessment by angiography could be accomplished in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. For example, at that time cardiac output, pressure gradients, valvar insufficiency, shunts, assessment of contractility, assessment of myocardial blood flow using radioactive techniques, lactate metabolism, and assessment of ventricular function were the principal physiologic parameters measured.Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.