bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumor lactic acidosis suppresses CTL function by inhibition of p38 and JNK/c‐Jun activation
Authors: Mendler Anna N. , Hu Bin , Prinz Petra U. , Kreutz Marina , Gottfried Eva , Noessner Elfriede 
Published: September 2011

AbstractLactic acidosis is common to most solid tumors and has been found to affect infiltrating immune cells. Here we document effector phase inhibition of cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) involving complete blockage of cytokine production and partial impairment of lytic granule exocytosis. Lactic acidosis impaired TCR‐triggered phosphorylation of JNK, c‐Jun and p38, while not affecting MEK1 and ERK. The select targeting of signaling proteins involved in IFNγ production (JNK/c‐Jun, p38) without affecting those jointly used in cytokine regulation and granule exocytosis (MEK1/ERK) explains the observed split effect of lactic acidosis on the CTL responses. CTL inhibition by lactic acidosis showed fast dynamics with immediate onset and reversion. Functional recovery by neutralizing the extracellular pH despite continuous presence of lactate holds promise that CTL activity can be improved in the milieu of solid tumors with appropriate anti‐acidosis treatment, thereby increasing the efficacy of adoptive T cell therapy.
The restoration of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells as functional antigen‐presenting cells by NKT cell help and all‐trans‐retinoic acid treatment
Authors: Lee Jung‐Mi , Seo Jeong‐Hwan , Kim Yeon‐Jeong , Kim Yun‐Sun , Ko Hyun‐Jeong , Kang Chang‐Yuil 
Published: September 2011

AbstractMyeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), which accumulate during tumor progression, have been shown to function as important suppressor cells. In a previous study, we showed that immunosuppressive MDSCs could function as immunogenic antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) with the help of activated natural killer T (NKT) cells. In the current study, however, we found that MDSCs harvested at a late time point after tumor injection (late MDSCs) were poorly immunogenic even when stimulated with activated NKT cells. As tumor growth progressed, the expression of MHC and costimulatory molecules on MDSCs was gradually down‐regulated. Late MDSCs also had innate defects in activation and differentiation mediated by cytokine stimuli. Although late MDSCs treated only with all‐trans‐retinoic acid (ATRA), a stimulating agent for MDSC differentiation, could not become immunogenic, NKT ligand‐loaded, ATRA‐treated late MDSCs could be converted into immunogenic APCs to induce incremental immune responses. Furthermore, these effects were mediated by NKT cells secreting IFNγ, and ATRA‐mediated increases in glutathione (GSH) levels. Thus, combined treatment with differentiating and activating agents is a prerequisite for the conversion of late MDSCs into immunogenic APCs. Collectively, these results suggest that combined treatments are required for the differentiation and activation of late MDSCs in late stage cancer.
Eradication of large tumors expressing human papillomavirus E7 protein by therapeutic vaccination with E7 fused to the extra domain a from fibronectin
Authors: Mansilla Cristina , Berraondo Pedro , Durantez Maika , Martínez Marta , Casares Noelia , Arribillaga Laura , Rudilla Francesc , Fioravanti Jessica , Lozano Teresa , Villanueva Lorea , Sarobe Pablo , Borrás Francisco , Leclerc Claude , Prieto Jesús , Lasarte Juan José 
Published: September 2011

AbstractCervical carcinoma is one of the most common cancers in women worldwide. It is well established that chronic infection of the genital tract by various mucosatropic human papillomavirus (HPV) types causes cervical cancer. Cellular immunity to E7 protein from HPV (HPVE7) has been associated with clinical and cytologic resolution of HPV‐induced lesions. Thus, we decided to test if targeting of HPVE7 to dendritic cells using a fusion protein containing the extra domain A (EDA) from fibronectin, a natural ligand for TLR4, and HPVE7 (EDA‐HPVE7) might be an efficient vaccine for the treatment of cervical carcinoma. We found that EDA‐HPVE7 fusion protein was efficiently captured by bone marrow derived dendritic cells in vitro and induced their maturation, with the upregulation of maturation markers and the production of IL‐12. Immunization of mice with EDA‐HPVE7 fusion protein induced antitumor CD8+ T cell responses in the absence of additional adjuvants. Repeated intratumoral administration of EDA‐HPVE7 in saline was able to cure established TC‐1 tumors of 5–7 mm in diameter. More importantly, intravenous injection with EDA‐HPVE7 in combination with the TLR ligand polyinosinic‐polycytidylic acid (pIC), or with low doses of cyclophosphamide and the TLR9 ligand CpG‐B complexed in cationic lipids, were able to eradicate large established TC‐1 tumors (1.2 cm in diameter). Thus, therapeutic vaccination with EDA‐HPVE7 fusion protein may be effective in the treatment of human cervical carcinoma.
The wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway: A potential therapeutic target in the treatment of triple negative breast cancer
Authors: King Taj D. , Suto Mark J. , Li Yonghe 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBreast cancer continues to be a serious health problem particularly in developed countries. Of particular concern is triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) which does not respond well to standard hormone therapy and is associated with poor overall patient prognosis. Recent studies indicate that Wnt/β‐catenin signaling is particularly activated in TNBC, such that the Wnt receptor frizzled‐7 (FZD7) and the Wnt co‐receptor LRP6 were found to be up regulated in TNBC. In addition, it has been demonstrated that transcriptional knockdown of LRP6 or FZD7 in TNBC cells suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, salinomycin, a selective breast cancer stem cell killer, was recently demonstrated to be an inhibitor of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling by inducing LRP6 degradation. Therefore, the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway and particularly the Wnt receptors on the cell surface may serve as novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of TNBC. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 13–18, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Role of ecto‐NTPDases on UDP‐sensitive P2Y6 receptor activation during osteogenic differentiation of primary bone marrow stromal cells from postmenopausal women
Authors: Noronha‐Matos J.B. , Costa M.A. , Magalhães‐Cardoso M.T. , Ferreirinha F. , Pelletier J. , Freitas R. , Neves J.M. , Sévigny J. , Correia‐de‐Sá P. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis study aimed at investigating the expression and function of uracil nucleotide‐sensitive receptors (P2Y2, P2Y4, and P2Y6) on osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) in culture. Bone marrow specimens were obtained from postmenopausal female patients (68 ± 5 years old, n = 18) undergoing total hip arthroplasty. UTP and UDP (100 µM) facilitated osteogenic differentiation of the cells measured as increases in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, without affecting cell proliferation. Uracil nucleotides concentration‐dependently increased [Ca2+]i in BMSCs; their effects became less evident with time (7 > 21 days) of the cells in culture. Selective activation of P2Y6 receptors with the stable UDP analog, PSB 0474, mimicked the effects of both UTP and UDP, whereas UTPγS was devoid of effect. Selective blockade of P2Y6 receptors with MRS 2578 prevented [Ca2+]i rises and osteogenic differentiation caused by UDP at all culture time points. BMSCs are immunoreactive against P2Y2, P2Y4, and P2Y6 receptors. While the expression of P2Y6 receptors remained fairly constant (7∼21 days), P2Y2 and P2Y4 became evident only in less proliferative and more differentiated cultures (7 < 21 days). The rate of extracellular UTP and UDP inactivation was higher in less proliferative and more differentiated cell populations. Immunoreactivity against NTPDase1, ‐2, and ‐3 rises as cells differentiate (7 < 21 days). Data show that uracil nucleotides are important regulators of osteogenic cells differentiation predominantly through the activation of UDP‐sensitive P2Y6 receptors coupled to increases in [Ca2+]i. Endogenous actions of uracil nucleotides may be balanced through specific NTPDases determining whether osteoblast progenitors are driven into proliferation or differentiation. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 2694–2709, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
4.1G promotes arborization and tight junction formation of oligodendrocyte cell line OLN‐93
Authors: Xia Wenhao , Liang Fengyi 
Published: September 2011

Abstract4.1G belongs to the membrane‐associated band 4.1 protein family, which plays important roles in establishing and maintaining the links between transmembrane proteins and the cytoskeleton. Till date, expression and functions of 4.1G in the central nervous system (CNS) have not been fully elucidated. We investigated expression, cellular/subcellular distribution, and biological roles of 4.1G in the rat CNS and in cultured oligodendrocyte cell line OLN‐93. Immunoblotting (IB) and immunoprecipitation revealed CNS 4.1G protein isoforms with molecular weights ranging from ∼80 to ∼180 kDa. In subconfluent OLN‐93 cell culture, overexpression of full‐length 4.1G and C‐terminal‐domain‐deleted 4.1G, but not the FERM‐domain‐deleted 4.1G, promoted cellular arborization. In confluent cells, endogenous 4.1G was upregulated and clustered in the cytoplasmic periphery together with tight junction protein ZO‐1. FERM domain seemed essential for this recruitment of 4.1G to OLN‐93 cell periphery. Calcium switch experiment demonstrated that overexpressed 4.1G promoted tight junction reassembly, whereas siRNA knockdown of endogenous 4.1G inhibited tight junction formation among confluent OLN‐93 cells. Together, these results suggest functional roles of 4.1G in cellular arborization and tight junction formation. In the CNS, 4.1G might be involved in maturation of host cells as well as in interaction among neurons/neuroglia. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 2730–2739, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Morphological and morphometric characterization of agoutis' peripheral blood cells (Dasyprocta prymnolopha, wagler, 1831) raised in captivity
Authors: Júnior Airton Mendes Conde , De Moura Fortes Eunice Anita , De Menezes Danilo José Ayres , De Oliveira Lopes Luana , De Carvalho Maria Acelina Martins 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThirty adult agoutis (Dasyprocta primnolopha) from the Nucleus of Study and Preservation of Wild Animals at the Federal University of Piauí were used. Blood scrubs of these animals were colored by the Leishman method and analyzed in light microscopy. The cells had been measured using programs that analyze images (Leica QWin – Image Processing and Analysis Software). Mature erythrocytes, basophil reticulocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, monocytes, and thrombocytes were identified. Agoutis' erythrocytes presented elliptical form, without nucleus with an average diameter of 5.64 micromeres ± 0.38. The lymphocytes are spherical cells with scarce cytoplasm, dense and with a very centralized rounded nucleus measuring an average diameter of 13.20 micromeres ± 0.35. The monocytes are slightly basophilic, with a spherical nucleus, central constriction, and an average diameter of 20.59 micromeres ± 0.32. The neutrophils are spherical, with a polymorphic lobulated nucleus, with an average diameter of 11.2 micromeres ± 0.20. The eosinophils are spherical with lobulated nucleus and with an average diameter of 14.25 micromeres ± 0.36. Only five basophils were observed, with abundance of cytoplasmic granules with 9.8 micrometers of diameter ± 0.30. Thrombocytopenic pleomorphism was frequent. There were similarities in the cellular constituents in peripheral blood of agoutis and of other rodents and humans. The cellular types from the peripheral blood, the morphology, and morphometry of the blood's cells did not vary according to sex. © Microsc. Res. Tech. 00:000?000, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Biomechanical and histological analysis after tenotomy of the long head of the biceps in the rabbit shoulder model
Authors: Kim Sae Hoon , Shin Seung Han , Oh Joo Han , Baek Goo Hyun 
Published: September 2011

AbstractTenotomy of the long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT) is gaining popularity in shoulder surgery. We evaluated biomechanical and histological changes after tenotomy in a rabbit LHBT tenotomy model to confirm that autotenodesis is a phenomenon that occurs after the procedure. Twenty‐three rabbits were included. The right shoulder was harvested from 10 randomly selected rabbits. The shoulders were tested to determine the pullout strength of LHBT at the bicipital groove immediately after being tenotomized. The left shoulder of three of these rabbits also underwent histological analysis. The other 13 rabbits underwent LHBT tenotomy (tenotomy model). Six weeks post‐operatively, 10 were assigned for biomechanical study, and three underwent histological analysis. The pullout strength and histology were compared with the immediate post‐tenotomy data. The pullout strength of the immediate post‐tenotomy (5.53 ± 2.22 N) was significantly (p < 0.001) less than the pullout strength of the 6 weeks post‐tenotomy model (44.07 ± 7.75 N). On histological analysis, marked fibrosis was noted around the LHBT at the bicipital groove in the 6 weeks post‐tenotomy model. Adhesion of the LHBT at the bicipital groove after tenotomy, which is called “autotenodesis,” is a definite phenomenon that could help the tendon resist distal migration of the LHBT after tenotomy. These results support execution of biceps tenotomy in shoulder surgery. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:416–422, 2012
Sleep fears, sleep disturbance, and PTSD symptoms in minority youth exposed to Hurricane Katrina
Authors: Brown Tyish Hall , Mellman Thomas A. , Alfano Candice A. , Weems Carl F. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is common following the experience of a natural disaster and sleep disturbance is an important influence on its course in adults, but little research is available examining sleep and PTSD in youths. This study's objective was to evaluate the role of sleep disturbance and the developmentally influenced factor of fear of sleeping alone in the maintenance of posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms in youths. Deidentified data of 191 Hurricane Katrina survivors ages 8 to 15 were used in this study. We found cross‐sectional relationships of sleep disturbance and fear of sleeping alone with PTS symptom severity. Longitudinal analysis also indicated that general sleep disturbance at 24 months (T1) was predictive of PTS symptoms severity at 30 months (T2) even after adjusting for PTS symptom severity at T1, age, sex, and continued disrepair to the home. These results have implications for intervention strategies among youth exposed to traumatic events.
Rye bran alkylresorcinols suppress adipocyte lipolysis and hormone‐sensitive lipase activity
Authors: Andersson Ulrika , Dey Estera S. , Holm Cecilia , Degerman Eva 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe effects of alkylresorcinols (ARs) isolated from rye bran on adipocyte lipolysis, hormone‐sensitive lipase activity and phosphorylation and on phosphorylation of protein kinase A substrates were studied. Preincubation with ARs for 18 h suppressed catecholamine‐stimulated lipolysis in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes. Furthermore, phosphorylation of hormone‐sensitive lipase (HSL), a key lipase responsible for stimulated lipolysis, and phosphorylation of protein kinase A substrates, were diminished after preincubation with ARs, whereas HSL protein expression was unaltered. ARs were also shown to inhibit HSL activity in an in vitro assay.
Oral arsenic trioxide for relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia in pediatric patients
Authors: Au Wing Y. , Li Chi‐Kong , Lee Vincent , Yuen Hui Leung , Yau Jeffrey , Chan Godfrey C.F. , Ha Shau‐yin , Kwong Yok‐lam 
Published: September 2011

AbstractFour patients (age 3–11 years at diagnosis) with relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), 12–38 months from diagnosis, were treated with oral arsenic trioxide (As2O3). One patient was treated with oral As2O3 monotherapy and chemotherapy. Three patients failed initial oral or intravenous As2O3 monotherapy were treated with oral As2O3 plus ATRA followed by long‐term oral maintenance (cumulative As2O3 dose 280–2,100 mg). All patients achieved molecular remission, at a median follow up of 122 (10–132) months with no adverse effects. Oral As2O3, particularly in prolonged maintenance with oral ATRA may obviate the need of stem cell transplantation in relapsed pediatric APL. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 630–632. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ansichtssache
Authors: Hinsch Klaus 
Published: September 2011

AbstractViele Objekte der belebten Natur, darunter Vogelfedern und Schmetterlingsflügel, schillern oder irisieren auf faszinierende Weise. Ursache ist jeweils eine kohärente Wechselwirkung des Sonnenlichtes mit regelmäßigen Objektstrukturen von der Größenskala der Lichtwellenlänge. Elektronenmikroskopische Aufnahmen zeigen räumliche Gitter oder Mehrschichtensysteme. Die Interferenz der daran gestreuten Wellen lässt sich durch Bragg‐Beugung beschreiben. Sie führt zu satten, winkelabhängigen Farben. Änderungen im Brechungsindex, etwa durch Anfeuchten, oder in der Größe, zum Beispiel durch Quellen in Wasser, bewirken überraschende und aufschlussreiche Farbverschiebungen. Das zeigen einfache Versuche an Pfauenfedern und Schmetterlingsschuppen.
Exotische Kernformen
Authors: von Oertzen Wolfram 
Published: September 2011

AbstractKerne werden mit dem Schalenmodel meistens als kompakte Kugeln beschrieben. Es gibt jedoch viele Kernzustände mit starker Deformation. Mit wachsender Deformation sind diese Zustände Vorläufer der Kernmoleküle, die aus mehreren Clustern aufgebaut sind. Letztere sind durch Austausch von Neutronen, das heißt eine “kovalente chemische Bindung”, auf der Femtoskala gebunden. Die getrennten Zentren sind nukleare Cluster mit N = Z und abgeschlossenen Schalen, die eine hohe intrinsiche Bindungsenergie besitzen. Zusätzliche Valenzneutronen sind schwach gebunden und können zu einem anderen Cluster hinüberwechseln. Damit ergibt sich bei Kernen auf der Femtoskala eine analoge Situation zu den Atomen, nämlich kovalent gebundene Kernmoleküle.
Weitreichender Windschatten
Authors: Emeis Stefan 
Published: September 2011

AbstractDie Reduktion der Windgeschwindigkeit in Nabenhöhe im Inneren großer Windparks lässt sich aus einer Impulsbilanz analytisch ableiten. Diese betrachtet das Gleichgewicht zwischen der Impulsaufnahme durch die Turbinen und dem Untergrund sowie der Impulsnachlieferung von oben durch die Atmosphäre. Durch einen ähnlichen Ansatz lässt sich auch die Nachlauflänge großer Windparks berechnen. Hieraus lassen sich optimale Abstände für die Turbinen im Windpark abschätzen, ebenso die optimalen Abstände benachbarter Windparks.
Neuer Strom in alten Netzen?
Authors: Tenbohlen Stefan , Probst Alexander , Wajant Patrick 
Published: September 2011

AbstractDie elektrische Energieversorgung verändert sich dramatisch. Der Umbau des Kraftwerkparks, dezentrale Einspeisung und neue Verbraucher wie Elektroautos stellen das Stromnetz der Zukunft vor völlig neue Herausforderungen. Zum einen muss das Netz für die Fernübertragung ausgebaut werden. Die Energie wird zum Beispiel zunehmend von Windparks produziert, die weiter weg von den Verbrauchern stehen. Zum anderen muss das Netz der Zukunft Erzeuger, Speicher und Verbraucher intelligent verbinden. Dazu tragen auch intelligente Stromzähler bei, die seit dem 1. Januar 2010 in Neubauten und sanierten Altbauten eingesetzt werden müssen.
Schläge, Sprünge, Taktik
Authors: Thaller Sigrid , Tilp Markus , Mathelitsch Leopold 
Published: September 2011

AbstractDurch Ausnützen des Magnus‐Effekts können Volleybälle hoch über das Netz geschlagen werden und dadurch leichter den gegnerischen Block überwinden. Beim Flatteraufschlag wird die Flugbahn durch unregelmäßige Richtungswechsel für den Gegner unberechenbar. Spezielle Methoden der Videoanalyse ermöglichen die Untersuchung der Taktik und das automatisierte Erkennen von Sprüngen und Sprintbewegungen.
Mikroskopie mit einer Quantenspitze
Authors: Günther Andreas , Fortágh József 
Published: September 2011

AbstractDie Rastersondenmikroskopie zählt heute zu den bedeutendsten Analysemethoden der modernen Nanotechnologie. Dabei werden mikroskopisch kleine Festkörperspitzen über Oberflächen gerastert, um die Topographie oder andere physikalisch‐chemische Eigenschaften der Oberfläche zu kartographieren. Am Physikalischen Institut der Universität Tübingen ist es nun gelungen, ein neuartiges Rastersondenmikroskop zu entwickeln, bei dem ein verdünntes, ultrakaltes Quantengas aus wenigen tausend Rubidiumatomen als Rastersonde verwendet wird. Damit lassen sich elektromagnetische Eigenschaften und die Topographie von nanostrukturierten Oberflächen mit einer bislang unerreichten Kraftsensitivität bis unter 10−24 N vermessen.
Das Gras wachsen hören
Authors: Rolfs Claus 
Published: September 2011

AbstractMensch und Tier nutzen den Schall in unterschiedlichem Maße, um sich in der Umwelt zu orientieren und zu kommunizieren. Aus den Wellen lassen sich Informationen über Abstand, Richtung, Geschwindigkeit und Natur der Schallquelle gewinnen. im Ozean sind Schallwellen sogar über Hunderte von Kilometern vernehmbar, so dass sie hier das bevorzugte Informations‐ und Kommunikationsmittel der Tiere sind.
Lichtkreuze mit Hintersinn
Authors: Schlichting H. Joachim 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAn einem sonnigen Tag tauchen manchmal auf Häuserwänden und Straßen Lichtkreuze auf. Sie entstehen durch die Reflexion des Sonnenlichts an doppelt verglasten Fenstern. Ihre Formen und Farben verraten einiges über die Fenster.
Das seltsame Verhalten von Superbällen
Authors: Vollmer Michael , Möllmann Klaus‐Peter 
Published: September 2011

AbstractSuperbälle sind nicht nur für Kinder ein Riesenspaß, auch “ausgewachsene” Physiker können sich für dieses, auch Flummi genannte, Spielzeug begeistern. Sie springen deutlich höher von einer Unterlage wieder weg als andere Bälle, und bei schrägem Wurf ändern sich bei den Kollisionen mit der Unterlage Betrag und Orientierung der Eigendrehung. Die sehr eigentümliche Kinematik lässt sich mit Hochgeschwindigkeitskameras gut untersuchen.
Rechnen, Rechnen, Rechnen
Authors: Loos Andreas 
Published: September 2011

AbstractDie Rechnerei steht am Anfang seiner Tätigkeit. Und sie gehört zum Letzten, was ihm bleibt: Zwar entwickelt sich der Gesuchte zu einem der wichtigsten praktischen Astronomen seiner Tage – allerdings nicht durch Beobachtungen, sondern durch seine Rechenarbeit.
Olivenölwürfel: vernetzende Emulgatoren
Authors: Vilgis Thomas 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWohlschmeckende Würfelchen aus Oliven‐ oder Kürbiskernöl steigern den Genusswert eines Tellers erheblich. Diese “festen Öle” haben Biss und einen intensiven Geschmack. Mit dem im Eiklar enthaltenen Protein Ovalbumin lässt sich dies leicht und ohne Aufwand bewerkstelligen.
The role of disorder in sodium‐doped LaMnO3
Authors: Liu Hao , Li Yongtao , Zhang Hongguang , Chen Yuanyuan , Chen Lingshan , Dong Xueguang , Chen Kai , Li Qi 
Published: September 2011

AbstractSodium‐doped LaMnO3 samples were prepared by the urea combustion method and the structure of the samples was determined by X‐ray diffraction experiments. The local structure of the samples was measured with extended X‐ray absorption fine structure of the Mn K‐edge. The resistance of the samples (with and without applied magnetic field) shows a metal–insulator transition that implies the competition between large structural disorder and charge ordering. The sample with the largest Debye–Waller factor has the highest insulator–metal transition temperature (TIM) but the smallest magnetoresistance (MR) ratio. This indicates the different roles of disorder that plays on MR ratio and TIM in sodium‐doped LaMnO3 materials.