bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Activity of Novel 5′‐Arylamino‐nucleosides by Microwave‐Assisted One‐Pot Tandem Staudinger/Aza‐Wittig/Reduction.
Authors: Li Xiaoliu , et al. et al. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractNovel pseudonucleosides (IV) with benzylamino group on 5′‐position are synthesized by using a microwave‐assisted one‐pot tandem Staudinger/aza‐Wittig/reduction reaction followed by deprotection.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of Benzothiazolo‐4β‐anilino‐podophyllotoxin Congeners: DNA Topoisomerase‐II Inhibition and Anticancer Activity.
Authors: Kamal Ahmed , Kumar B. Ashwini , Suresh Paidakula , Shankaraiah Nagula , Kumar M. Shiva 
Published: April 2011

AbstractTitle compounds (III) and (IV), respectively are prepared by employing ZrCl4/NaI reagent system to form highly reactive 4β‐iodo intermediates in the initiatory step.
ChemInform Abstract: Sceliphrolactam, a Polyene Macrocyclic Lactam from a Wasp‐Associated Streptomyces sp.
Authors: Oh Dong‐Chan , Poulsen Michael , Currie Cameron R. , Clardy Jon 
Published: April 2011

AbstractTitle compound (I) shows antifungal activity against amphotericin B‐resistant Candida albicans.
ChemInform Abstract: Imidazo[4,5‐d]thiazolo[5,4‐b]pyridine Based Inhibitors of IKK2: Synthesis, SAR, PK/PD and Activity in a Preclinical Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis.
Authors: Dyckman Alaric J. , et al. et al. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAmong thiazole based tricyclic inhibitors of IKK2 compound (I) is determined to be orally efficacious in a murine model of rheumatoid arthritis.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel 2,3,4,5‐Tetrahydro‐benzo[d]azepine Derivatives of 2,4‐Diaminopyrimidine, Selective and Orally Bioavailable ALK Inhibitors with Antitumor Efficacy in ALCL Mouse Models.
Authors: Mesaros Eugen F. , et al. et al. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe synthesis and biological evaluation of potent and selective anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitors from a novel class of 2,4‐diaminopyrimidines, incorporating 2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐benzo[d]azepine fragments, is described.
ChemInform Abstract: A Comprehensive Overview on Genomically Directed Assembly of Aromatic Polyketides and Macrolide Lactones Using Fungal Megasynthases
Authors: Saruwatari Takayoshi , Praseuth Alex P. , Sato Michio , Torikai Kohei , Noguchi Hiroshi , Watanabe Kenji 
Published: April 2011

AbstractReview: 31 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Biosynthesis of 3‐Amino‐5‐hydroxybenzoic Acid (AHBA), the Precursor of mC7N Units in Ansamycin and Mitomycin Antibiotics
Authors: Floss Heinz G. , Yu Tin‐Wein , Arakawa Kenji 
Published: April 2011

AbstractReview: 74 refs.
Evaluation of the spray stability on liquid injection in gas–solid fluidized beds by passive vibrometric methods
Authors: Briens Lauren , Book Garret , Albion Katherine , Briens Cedric , Berruti Franco 
Published: April 2011

AbstractFor some operations, such as fluid coking, gas atomised liquid feed must be injected via spray nozzles into gas–solid fluidized beds. A stable or non‐pulsating spray with a controlled droplet size is desired. The spray stability of various gas–liquid pre‐mixer and nozzle combinations was determined in open air conditions through analysis of vibration measurements on the upstream conduit with an accelerometer correlated to physical downstream spray measurements. The open air vibration measurements did not correspond to vibration measurements while spraying into a fluidized bed due to external vibrations from the fluidisation. The vibration measurements, however, can provide a relative ranking of spray stability of various gas–solid pre‐mixer and nozzle combinations for similar fluidisation conditions. In addition, the gas to liquid ratio (GLR) and the gas properties were all found to affect spray stability.
Direct estimation of residence time from input and output data
Authors: Soltanzadeh Ali , Bennington Chad P. J. , Dumont Guy A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractResidence time is a well known and widely used concept in the process industry, and its estimation is often needed to model or optimise a process. This study will demonstrate a new method using suitable measures of input and output data. There are two distinct characteristics of this method: it is not necessary to estimate the residence time from an explicit model, and the constraints on the excitation of the input signal are not as restrictive as common methods. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Removal of hydrogen sulphide from high salinity wastewater by emulsion liquid membrane
Authors: Yaoqiang Hu , Ningsheng Zhang , Chengtun Qu , Fei He , Yongli Yan 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis article presents a experimental study on the removal of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) from high salinity wastewater by emulsion liquid membrane (ELM). The ELM contains diethanolamine (DEA) as carrier, kerosene as solvent and span 80 as surfactant. The fundamental parameters (viz. surfactant concentration, carrier concentration, strip phase concentration, phase ratio, agitation speed and time) affecting the removal of H2S were investigated to select the optimum combination of process parameters. The results showed the optimal governing parameters were: inner phase NaOH aqueous solution 2.0 wt%, Surfactant (span 80) 5.0 vol%, carrier (DEA) 6.0 vol%, treat ratio 1:5, agitation speed 250 rpm, agitation time 15 min, respectively, and removal efficiency of 97.3% was achieved. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Mixed convection flows in a square lid‐driven cavity with heat source at the bottom utilising nanofluid
Authors: Mansour M. A. , Ahmed Sameh E. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis paper presents a numerical investigation of laminar mixed convection cooling of heat source embedded on the bottom wall of an enclosure filled with nanofluids. The transport equations for a Newtonian fluid are solved numerically with a finite volume approach using the SIMPLE algorithm. The influences of governing parameters, namely, Rayleigh number location and geometry of the heat source, the type of nanofluid and solid volume fraction of nanoparticles on the cooling performance is studied. The present results are validated by favourable comparisons with previously published results. The results of the problem are presented in graphical and tabular forms and discussed. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Hydrodynamics and flow regimes in turbulent bed contactor with non‐Newtonian liquids
Authors: Bruce A. E. R. , Swathi P. , Krishnaiah K. , Sai P. S. T. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe flow regimes normally encountered in a turbulent bed contactor (TBC) are static, partially fluidised, completely fluidised and flooding regimes. Experiments were conducted in a TBC operating in Type I mode to identify the flow regimes with non‐Newtonian liquid. Flow regime transition velocities were obtained from the pressure drop and bed expansion measurements at various operating and geometric variables. The variables include apparent viscosity of the liquid, gas and liquid velocities, size and density of the particles, and static bed height. The effect of the above variables on delineation of flow regime transition was studied. Based on the experimental data, correlations were proposed for predicting the transition velocity from one regime to the other. The influence of the variables on regime transition velocities is more or less similar to that observed for Newtonian liquids. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Software zur Bemessung von Mauerwerk
Authors: Ortlepp Sebastian 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn heutiger Zeit ist es unverzichtbar, Rechentechnik für die Bemessung von Mauerwerk zu nutzen. Die immer komplexer werdenden Regelungen in Bezug auf die Bemessung führen dazu, dass die Handrechnung in zunehmender Weise durch das Rechnen mit dem Computer ersetzt werden muss. Dennoch darf dabei der kritische Blick auf elektronisch ermittelte Ergebnisse nicht verloren gehen.Der Anwender eines Bemessungsprogramms muss hinsichtlich der implementierten Normen stets aufmerksam sein und den jeweils bauaufsichtlich eingeführten Normenstand gemä� der Liste der eingeführten Technischen Baubestimmungen beachten. Das gilt insbesondere jetzt in der Phase des allgemeinen Übergangs auf die Eurocodes bei der Bemessung von Tragwerken.Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über Software zur Bemessung von Mauerwerk von ausgewählten Anbietern.Software for designing of masonry. Nowadays it is essential to use computing technology for the calculation and design of masonry. The continuously increasing regulations regarding the design to a replacement of calculation by hand with calculation by the computer. Nevertheless, the critical view on computing results should remain.The user of a software that designs structures must be always attentive concerning the implemented codes and introduced rules in accordance with the list of the introduced technical regula tions. This is particularly now in the phase of the general transition to the Eurocodes for designing of structures necessary.This article gives an overview of software for designing of masonry of selected providers.
A study of decoupling with skeleton matrix in two‐degree‐of‐freedom generalized minimum variance control
Authors: Mori Yasuchika , Takaki Akihiro 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThere are many multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO) systems in chemical plants, and they have multiple time delays of different length in each input and output pair. This paper explains a two‐degree‐of‐freedom (2DOF) control system based on generalized minimum variance control (GMVC) for MIMO systems. It can improve the tracking performance with respect to the reference signals and the response properties for the disturbance. The states between the sampling period can be expressed by using the modified z transform to take account of multiple time delays. Additionally, a tracking controller is designed to decouple the plant. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 176(1): 28–36, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21046
Application of improved genetic algorithm to service restoration problem for distribution systems
Authors: Michibata Ikuo , Aoki Hidenori 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe problem of recovery from power‐system failures is the problem of handling operations that make it possible to supply power from other lines in response to power‐system failures or construction by switching between the opened and closed states of sectionalizing switches. Considerable research has already been conducted with regard to this issue. This paper addresses the issue of determining target systems for final recovery in cases when some sections remain subject to power failure (i.e., sound bank capacity < load capacity). For this purpose, intersection is conducted only for parameters within such power‐failure sections. In such research, calculations are implemented by setting a value of 2 to the sectionalizing switches of a single parameter. In addition, when the state of a sound section changes due to mutation improvements, the method of simultaneously changing the selected points and neighboring sectionalizing switches is applied. It is clear that the proposed method, consisting of conventional GA only, is superior in terms of average fitness values. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 176(1): 9–17, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21092
Evaluation of the plug‐in hybrid electric vehicle considering learning curve on battery and power generation best mix
Authors: Shinoda Yukio , Tanaka Hideo , Akisawa Atsushi , Kashiwagi Takao 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe plug‐in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) is a technology intended to reduce CO2 emissions in the transport sector. This paper presents scenarios that show how widely used PHEVs will be in the future, how much CO2 emissions will be reduced by the introduction of PHEVs, and whether there will be serious effects on the power supply system. PHEVs can run on both gasoline and electricity, and therefore we evaluate CO2 emissions not only from gasoline consumption but also from electricity consumption. Consideration of the distribution of daily trip distances is important for evaluating the economical benefits and CO2 emissions resulting from the introduction of PHEVs. Also, future battery costs are very important in constructing PHEV growth scenarios. The growth of the number of PHEVs will make battery costs lower. Thus, we formulate an overall model that combines the passenger car sector and power supply sector, taking account of the distribution of daily trip distances and incorporating a learning curve for battery costs. We use the iteration method to provide a learning curve that is nonlinear. Therefore, we set the battery cost only in the first year of the simulation: battery costs in the later years are calculated in the model. We focus on a 25‐year time period in Japan, starting from 2010, and divided into 5 parts (1st to 5th). The model selects the most economical combinations of car types and power sources. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 176(2): 31–40, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21098
A study on condition assessment method of gas‐insulated switchgear. part II. influence of moisture in the SF6, detection of a partial discharge on a spacer, repetition discharge and overheating by incomplete contact
Authors: Shinkai Hiroyuki , Goshima Hisashi , Yashima Masafumi 
Published: April 2011

AbstractRationalization of the maintenance of gas‐insulated equipment under operation and lifetime extension based on the results of appropriate diagnosis are necessary to reduce the cost of gas‐insulated equipment. Therefore, condition‐based maintenance (CBM) is required and accurate methods for observing the inside of equipment are important. In this report, we describe a diagnosis method that can be used for actual gas‐insulated equipment, such as to assess the deterioration of the spacers made of epoxy resin and to detect loose connections in the central conductor. The principal results are summarized as follows:(1) The quantity of decomposition gases depends on the moisture and magnitude of the partial discharge. However, decomposition gases were detected even if SF6 had low moisture content (less than 100 ppm) similar to that used in actual equipment. This means that our method can be applied to actual equipment.(2) It became clear that CF4 is a typical gas generated by partial discharge on the spacer surface. Therefore, it is possible to diagnose spacer deterioration by monitoring CF4.(3) Decomposition gases (SF4, SO2, SO4, SO2F2) were generated by impulse breakdown, which was assumed to be due to repetition discharge caused by insulation failure and loose connections.(4) SF6 gas was assumed to be exposed to a loose connection and was heated from room temperature to 800 °C, and the generated decomposition gases were analyzed by FTIR in real time. As a result, the decomposition gases were generated at temperatures above approximately 500 °C in a heating time of 1.5 minutes. Therefore, a loose connection can be detected by analyzing the decomposition gas. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 176(2): 22–30, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21108
Measures to reduce surge voltages on low‐voltage circuits in substations
Authors: Yoshida Masanobu , Ueda Toshiaki 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn order to improve the reliability of electric power systems, it is important to reduce malfunctions of relays or faults of low‐voltage control circuits in substations due to switching and lightning surge. However, it is not sufficient to study the intrusion of surges into low‐voltage control circuits. We studied the terminal voltage of the control panel and analyzed the intrusion route of surges in substations. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 176(1): 1–8, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21110
A method for haptic motion abstraction and display based on action force directionality
Authors: Hyodo Shoyo , Ohnishi Kouhei 
Published: April 2011

AbstractRobots working in an unknown environment or a human environment have been investigated for years in the field of motion control. For the next‐generation robots, human and robot interaction technologies are needed. In particular, abstractions of human motion and motion display technologies are important. This paper proposes a method for haptic motion abstraction based on action force directionality. The action force is measured by using a master–slave robot hand system which is bilaterally controlled. Human motion is abstracted as action modes and action ratios, which are calculated from the action force directionality. Action modes express action force directionality, and action ratios express the amplitude of each action mode. Action modes are valid for motion preservation, identification of humans, and motion display systems. Thus, as one of the application of action modes, a method for motion display is also proposed. A motion display control system is designed based on action modes and action ratios. This control system presents the desired action force directionality as a velocity response depending on the human action force. The validity of the proposed method is shown by the experimental results. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 176(2): 62–70, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21126
Coordination Behavior of the S–C–S Monoanion and O–C–O and S–C–S Dianions toward CoII
Authors: Heuclin Hadrien , Cantat Thibault , Le Goff Xavier Frédéric , Le Floch Pascal , Mezailles Nicolas 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe reactivity of both the monoanionic and dianionic forms of bis(diphenylthiophosphinoyl)methane (2– and 22–) as well as the dianion of tetraisopropyl methylenediphosphonate(32–) was investigated towards the same CoII precursor CoCl2. Monoanion 2– coordination yields a homoleptic zwitterionic CoII complex. However, both dianions (22– and 32–) give the same overall structure with a square Co2C2 core. Structures of all of the complexes have been confirmed by full NMR spectroscopic analysis and X‐ray diffraction. Furthermore, DFT calculations have been carried out to rationalize the stability of such species.
Total Synthesis of Plagiochin D by an Intramolecular SNAr Reaction
Authors: Cortes Morales Julio Cesar , Guillen Torres Alejandro , González‐Zamora Eduardo 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe total synthesis of plagiochin D, a macrocyclic bis(bibenzyl) compound isolated from the liverwort plagiochila acanthophylla, has been accomplished. Closure of the key 16‐membered ring, which contained biphenyl ether and biaryl units, was achieved in good yield by an intramolecular SNAr reaction. The Suzuki and Wittig protocols proved to be powerful tools for the construction of a linear precursor that was crucial for ring cyclization.
Stereodivergent Synthesis of Two Novel α‐Aminophosphonic Acids Characterised by a cis‐Fused Octahydroindole System
Authors: Arizpe Alicia , Sayago Francisco J. , Jiménez Ana I. , Ordóñez Mario , Cativiela Carlos 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe synthesis of two new α‐aminophosphonic acids, namely (2S*,3aS*,7aS*)‐ and (2R*,3aS*,7aS*)‐octahydroindole‐2‐phosphonic acids, is described. They are analogues of phosphoproline with a cyclohexane ring fused to the pyrrolidine moiety. The ring junction has cis stereochemistry in both cases, but the two compounds differ in the relative orientation of the cyclohexane and phosphonate moieties. The two amino acids were prepared from a common starting material following stereodivergent routes that provide the desired stereoisomer with complete stereocontrol. The relative configurations of the compounds synthesised were confirmed by X‐ray diffraction analysis.
Looking for a Paradigm for the Reactivity of Phenonium Ions
Authors: Protti Stefano , Dondi Daniele , Mella Mariella , Fagnoni Maurizio , Albini Angelo 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe addition of a photogenerated phenyl cation to an alkene offers an entry, under mild conditions, to the phenethyl cation/phenonium ion system in organic solvents. Taking advantage of this, a product study has been carried out in parallel with a computational characterization of the intermediates. Thus, 4‐methoxy‐ and 4‐dimethyaminophenyl cations have been photogenerated from the corresponding chlorobenzenes in the presence of mono‐ to tetrasubstituted olefins in polar or protic media. The chemistry that occurs has been correlated with the degree of anchimeric assistance offered by the phenyl group, as predicted by calculations. Two limiting situations arise, the first one when starting from mono‐ or 1,2‐disubstituted alkenes. In these cases, calculations evidence a large stabilization of the intermediate (phenonium character), particularly with electron‐donating substituents on the aromatic ring, and the main products in acetonitrile are phenethyl chlorides. Variation of the ion‐stabilizing solvent such as trifluoroethanol (TFE) leads to alkyl and hydride migration before chloride addition. In contrast, with less electron‐rich aromatics and highly substituted alkenes the stabilization of the intermediate is modest and the typical reaction is deprotonation to yield an allylbenzene or, in TFE, the formation of a phenethyl ether. In between these two extremes, there are intermediate cases, more easily directed by a change in the conditions. These generalizations and the mildness of the method help to assess the synthetic potential of this reaction.
Reversal of chlorpyrifos neurobehavioral teratogenicity in mice by allographic transplantation of adult subventricular zone‐derived neural stem cells
Authors: Turgeman Gadi , Pinkas Adi , Slotkin Theodore A. , Tfilin Matanel , Langford Rachel , Yanai Joseph 
Published: April 2011

AbstractNeurobehavioral teratogenicity can be reversed with transplantation of neural stem cells. However, the usefulness of this therapy would be greatly enhanced by employing adult stem cells. In pursuit of this this goal, we developed a model that uses subventricular zone (SVZ) cells. HS/Ibg mice were exposed prenatally to chlorpyrifos on gestational days 9–18 (3 mg/kg/day, SC) in order to induce deficits in their performance in the Morris water maze test. Both the control and the exposed offspring were transplanted with SVZ cells (or vehicle) on postnatal day 35; this actually represents an allogenic transplantation, because the HS/Ibg strain is a heterogeneous stock. The transplanted cells were later observed in the host brain by DiI tracing, and their initial differentiation to cholinergic neurons and astrocytes was ascertained. On postnatal day 80, animals that had been exposed prenatally to chlorpyrifos displayed impaired Morris water maze performance, requiring more time to reach the platform. Transplantation of adult SVZ‐derived neural stem cells (NSC) reversed the deficits. Applying autologous transplantation provides an important demonstration that the methodological obstacles of immunological rejection and the ethical concerns related to using embryonic stem cells may be successfully bypassed in developing stem cell therapies for neurodevelopmental disorders. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.