bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumor invasion induced by oxidative stress is dependent on membrane ADAM 9 protein and its secreted form
Authors: Mongaret C. , Alexandre J. , Thomas‐Schoemann A. , Bermudez E. , Chéreau C. , Nicco C. , Goldwasser F. , Weill B. , Batteux F. , Lemare F. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractOxidative stress plays a role in the regulation of cancer cell metastasis which involves cell invasion and adhesion that could be supported by ADAM proteins through the activities of their metalloprotease and disintegrin domains. We hypothesized that oxidative stress could act through the induction of ADAM9 protein in some cancer cells. Indeed, Western blot analysis for ADAM9 performed on A549 cells exposed to H2O2 reveals a dose‐dependent induction of two proteins (80 and 68 kDa) correlated with a sharp increase of the ADAM protease activity measured in supernatant while the activity measured on the cell layer was slightly affected. The 80kDa protein corresponds to the mature form of ADAM9. Immunoprecipitation analysis performed on concentrated supernatants revealed that the 68 kDa protein is a secreted form of ADAM9. When exposed to H2O2, A549 cells cocultured with confluent endothelial vascular cells resulted in a 5.5 fold (p < 0.001) increase in the number of adherent cells. Similarly, matrigel assay revealed a 3.25 fold (p < 0.01) increase in the number of invasive cells. The suppression of ADAM9 expression by specific small interfering RNA reduced oxidative stress‐induced invasiveness and adhesiveness. These functions could be mediated by an interaction between ADAM9 and β1 integrin because each of them were inhibited when the experiment is performed in presence of mAbs targeting ADAM9 ectodomain or β1‐integrin. These results emphasize the importance of oxidative stress in the regulation of cancer cell metastasis and suggest that ADAM9 and its secreted isoform can be important determinants in the ability of cancer cells to disseminate.
Challenges to the development of bryostatin‐type anticancer drugs based on the activation mechanism of protein kinase Cδ
Authors: Irie Kazuhiro , Yanagita Ryo C. , Nakagawa Yu 
Published: November 2010

AbstractProtein kinase C (PKC) isozymes are widely recognized as targets for anticancer therapy, and recent investigations demonstrated that PKC activators are potential therapeutic candidates for Alzheimer's disease and acquired immune deficiency syndrome. However, concerns exist about their therapeutic uses because most PKC activators are potent tumor promoters. Bryostatin 1 (bryo‐1) is a unique PKC activator with little tumor‐promoting activities. Bryo‐1 is currently undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of cancer. However, its limited availability from natural sources and difficulty in the synthesis hamper further studies on its mode of action and structural optimization. Although excellent practical methods for synthesizing several bryo‐1‐related compounds have been developed, the identification of synthetically more accessible compounds with bryo‐1‐like activity also provides a promising way to circumvent the problem of supply. The authors focused on the bryo‐1's unique mechanism of activating PKCδ that plays a tumor suppressor role, and found that a simple and less lipophilic analogue (aplog‐1) of the tumor‐promoting aplysiatoxin showed PKCδ‐activating behavior similar to bryo‐1. Aplog‐1 was easily synthesized in only 22 steps using standard reactions. Moreover, its tumor‐promoting activity in vitro was very weak, and its cell growth‐inhibitory activities were comparable to those of bryo‐1. These data suggest that aplog‐1 could become another therapeutic lead for cancer. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 32, No. 3, 518–535, 2012
Tetraoxanes: Synthetic and Medicinal Chemistry Perspective
Authors: Kumar Nitin , Singh Ram , Rawat Diwan S. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe discovery of artemisinin from Chinese medicinal plant, Artemisia annua in 1971, opened a new era in the malarial chemotherapy. This discovery was the beginning of exploring peroxides as potential replacements for the traditional antimalarial drugs such as chloroquine and mefloquine. The structurally simple class of peroxides that emerged from these studies was the 1,2,4,5‐tetraoxanes. This study describes the current status of tetraoxane‐based antimalarials that show significant promises because of their artemisinin‐like activity. Literature from 1999 has been critically reviewed and an attempt has been made to discuss various synthetic methods and structure–activity relationship study among the series of tetraoxane‐based compounds. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 32, No. 3, 581–610, 2012
Geographical origin of durum wheat studied by 1H‐NMR profiling
Authors: Lamanna Raffaele , Cattivelli Luigi , Miglietta Maria Lucia , Troccoli Antonio 
Published: November 2010

Abstract1H‐Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to detect metabolic profiles of wheat flour samples of different geographical and botanical origin. The NMR profiles were analyzed by multivariate statistical techniques in order to establish the origin of the samples. A linear model, able to discriminate among three different locations, was built achieving a prediction level of about 80% of correctly assigned samples. The principal classes of compounds responsible for the geographic origin discrimination were individuated in aromatic compounds and amino acids. The statistical modeling also indicated that botanical origin information is very poor in the NMR profiles of the analyzed wheat samples. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CO2 production in the bromate‐1,4‐cyclohexanedione oscillatory reaction
Authors: Feng Jiamin , Green James R. , Johnson Samuel A , Wang Jichang 
Published: November 2010

AbstractNMR and GC/MS spectroscopy of the organic extracts of the oscillatory bromate‐1,4‐cyclohexanedione reaction illustrate the presence of ring‐opening products 5‐(dibromomethylene)‐2(5H)‐furanone, (E)‐5,5,5‐tribromo‐4‐oxo‐2‐pentenoic acid, and dibromoacetic acid, particularly at elevated temperatures. The loss of a carbon atom from the six‐membered ring after ring opening led to gas formation and such a process became more vigorous at >60 °C, with the direct observation of bubbles in a stirred batch reactor. Gravimetric experiments confirm that the amount of carbon dioxide gas produced increases rapidly with reaction temperature. Parallel experiments suggest that the ring‐opening process involves the oxidation of brominated benzoquinones by bromate. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐Isothermal Decomposition Kinetics, Heat Capacity, and Thermal Safety of 2‐Nitroimino‐5‐Nitro‐Hexahydro‐1,3,5‐Triazine (NNHT)
Authors: Zhang Jiao‐Qiang , Gao Hong‐Xu , Ma Hai‐Xia , Fei Jing‐Yin , Zhao Feng‐Qi , Wang Bo‐Zhou , Hu Rong‐Zu , Xu Kang‐Zhen , Song Ji‐Rong , Zhang Hai 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe kinetic equation describing the thermal decomposition reaction of NNHT obtained by TG‐DTG data, integral isoconversional non‐linear method and integral method of treating TG‐DTG curves is ${{\rm{d}}\alpha /{\rm{d}}t = 10^{12.86} (1 - \alpha {\rm{)}}^{{3 \over 2}} {\rm{e}}^{ - 1.5849 \times 10^4 /T} }$. The specific heat capacity (Cp) of NNHT was determined with the continuous Cp mode of the microcalorimeter. The equation of Cp (T) was obtained. The standard molar heat capacity of NNHT was 218.41 J mol−1 K−1 at 298.15 K. With the help of the onset temperature (Te) and maximum peak temperature (Tp) from the non‐isothermal DTG curves of NNHT at different heating rates (β), the apparent activation energy (EK and EO), and the pre‐exponential constant (AK) of the thermal decomposition reaction obtained by Kissinger’s method and Ozawa’s method, Cp obtained by microcalorimetry, density (ρ) and thermal conductivity (λ), the decomposition heat (Qd, taking half‐explosion heat), Zhang‐Hu‐Xie‐Li’s formula, Smith’s equation, Friedman’s formula, Bruckman‐Guillet’s formula, and Wang‐Du’s formulas, the values (Te0 and Tp0) of Te and Tp corresponding to β→0, thermal explosion temperature (Tbe and Tbp), adiabatic time‐to‐explosion (tTIad), 50 % drop height (H50) of impact sensitivity, critical temperature of hot‐spot initiation (Tcr), thermal sensitivity probability density function [S(T)] versus temperature (T) relation curves for spheroidic NNHT with radius of 1 m surrounded with ambient temperature of 300 K, peak temperature corresponding to the maximum value of S(T) versus T relation curve (${T_{S(T){\rm{max}}} }$), safety degree (SD), and critical ambient temperature(Tacr) of thermal explosion of NNHT are calculated. The following results of evaluating the thermal safety of NNHT are obtained: TSADT=Te0=453.34 K, TSADT=Tp0=454.86 K, Tbe=462.68 K, Tbp=467.22 K, tTIad=1.03 s, H50=17.69 cm, Tα=461.4 K. SD=72.74 %, PTE=27.26 %, and Tacr=321.96 K.
Physical activity as viewed by adults with severe obesity, awaiting gastric bypass surgery
Authors: Wiklund Malin , Olsén Monika Fagevik , Willén Carin 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackground and Purpose. Today, it is known that adults suffering from obesity benefit from physical activity. There is however lack of research with regard to how patients with severe obesity experience physical activity. It is important to explore this topic in order to be able to improve communication with and to tailor information and exercise programmes for patients suffering with obesity. The aim of the present qualitative study was to describe how adults with severe obesity, awaiting gastric bypass surgery experience physical activity. Methods. A qualitative method inspired by a phenomenographic approach was used to analyze the data. Data collection was performed by in‐depth semi‐structured interviews with 18 patients. All patients were aged between 18 and 65 years, suffered from severe obesity and were scheduled for laparoscopic Roux‐en Y gastric bypass surgery at Sahlgrenska University Hospital in Sweden. Results. The analysis resulted in nine qualitatively different categories that were then divided into four aspects: ‘the obese body’, ‘the mind’, ‘knowledge’ and ‘the environment’. Many patients experienced well‐being after physical activity, but most patients were uncomfortable with appearing in public wearing exercise clothing. The excess weight itself was considered an obstacle, and weight loss was assumed to facilitate physical activity. Exercising together with someone at the same level of fitness increased motivation. A white lie about training was sometimes used to satisfy the need to be seen as capable. Conclusion. Physical activity is experienced positively among adults with severe obesity, but many obstacles exist that influence their capacity and their will. Support is necessary in different ways, not only to initiate physical activity, but also to maintain it. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Converting a protein into a switch for biosensing and functional regulation
Authors: Stratton Margaret M. , Loh Stewart N. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractProteins that switch conformations in response to a signaling event (e.g., ligand binding or chemical modification) present a unique solution to the design of reagent‐free biosensors as well as molecules whose biological functions are regulated in useful ways. The principal roadblock in the path to develop such molecules is that the majority of natural proteins do not change conformation upon binding their cognate ligands or becoming chemically modified. Herein, we review recent protein engineering efforts to introduce switching properties into binding proteins. By co‐opting natural allosteric coupling, joining proteins in creative ways and formulating altogether new switching mechanisms, researchers are learning how to coax conformational changes from proteins that previously had none. These studies are providing some answers to the challenging question: how can one convert a lock‐and‐key binding protein into a molecular switch?
What happens when translational energy levels are quantized?
Authors: Toutounji Mohamad 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe conventional translational partition function (CTPF) that is widely used in textbooks is essentially semiclassical, whose form is found by using the particle‐in‐a‐box model to represent the particles motion of an ideal gas. This form assumes continuum translational energy levels, thereby replacing the sum over the energy levels with an integral at high temperature. This is only valid if de Broglie wavelength is much shorter than the container dimension in which the particle is placed. Additionally, de Broglie wavelength must also be much smaller than the mean separation of the constituent particles of the gas. To ensure this, one will have to assume large mass and container size and high temperature (T). This assumption is a restriction in itself. Should de Broglie wavelength be larger than the microscopic size of interest, the CTPF will be invalid to use which in turn will lead to erroneous conclusions, and a pure quantum mechanical treatment must then be employed for accurate results. A perfect example of the failure of using the CTPF would be the conduction electrons in a metal or in conjugated dienes, whereby the translational energy levels are significantly quantized. This quantization manifests itself in the quantum translational partition function (TPF) as its curve starts at zero and remains zero at lowTtill further increase inTstimulates accessible translational thermal states to be populated, at which point a rise in quantum TPF is observed, whereas the CTPF is only zero atT= 0, and then starts rising asTincreases since energy levels are continuum and their discretization is insensitive to the CTPF. Therefore this article explores quantum mechanical treatment of the TPF and its effects on thermodynamic functions using our closed‐form expression of quantum TPF developed in [M. Toutounji, Int J Quantum Chem Early View (unpublished)] (IJQC) which is valid at all Ts, sizes, and masses. Although this TPF appeared in IJQC in an abstract form before, there was not any discussion of its applicability and physical aspects therein. Also, some model calculations are presented to show the failure of the CTPF in the current literature in case of a purely quantum conditioned environment. Thermodynamic functions such as Helmholtz free energy, entropy, and heat capacity are explored using the herein closed form quantum partition function. A closer look at the quantum translational heat capacity shows a curve starts at zero at lowT, and then starts sharply rising asTincreases going through a maximum after which it levels off at its classical valuek/2, where k is Boltzmann constant. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Newton's method
Authors: Meza Juan C. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractNewton's method is one of the most powerful techniques for solving systems of nonlinear equations and minimizing functions. It is easy to implement and has a provably fast rate of convergence under fairly mild assumptions. Because of these and other nice properties, Newton's method is at the heart of many solution techniques used to solve real‐world problems. This article gives a short introduction to this method with a brief discussion of some of the main issues in applying this algorithm for the solution of practical problems. WIREs Comp Stat 2011 3 75–78 DOI: 10.1002/wics.129This article is categorized under:

Applications of Computational Statistics > Computational Mathematics
Algorithms and Computational Methods > Quadratic and Nonlinear Programming
Algorithms and Computational Methods > Numerical Methods
Alternative polyadenylation and gene expression regulation in plants
Authors: Xing Denghui , Li Qingshun Quinn 
Published: November 2010

AbstractFunctioning as an essential step of pre‐mRNA processing, polyadenylation has been realized in recent years to play an important regulatory role during eukaryotic gene expression. Such regulation occurs mostly through the use of alternative polyadenylation (APA) sites and generates different transcripts with altered coding capacity for proteins and/or RNA. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie APAs are poorly understood. Besides APA cases demonstrated in animal embryo development, cancers, and other diseases, there are a number of APA examples reported in plants. The best‐known ones are related to flowering time control pathways and stress responses. Genome‐wide studies have revealed that plants use APA extensively to generate diversity in their transcriptomes. Although each transcript produced by RNA polymerase II has a poly(A) tail, over 50% of plant genes studied possess multiple APA sites in their transcripts. The signals defining poly(A) sites in plants were mostly studied through classical genetic means. Our understanding of these poly(A) signals is enhanced by the tallies of whole plant transcriptomes. The profiles of these signals have been used to build computer models that can predict poly(A) sites in newly sequenced genomes, potential APA sites in genes of interest, and/or to identify, and then mutate, unwanted poly(A) sites in target transgenes to facilitate crop improvements. In this review, we provide readers an update on recent research advances that shed light on the understanding of polyadenylation, APA, and its role in gene expression regulation in plants. WIREs RNA 2011 2 445–458 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.59This article is categorized under:

RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing
RNA Processing > 3' End Processing
Japan's Democratization: Miyatake Gaikotsu on Prewar Plans and Postwar Programmes
Authors: LEWIS MICHAEL 
Published: November 2010

AbstractJapan's early postwar leadership and American occupiers alike asserted that democratization was a new lesson that the Japanese public would have to learn. In fact, the ideas of democratic reformers had been broadcast to a large audience as feasible programmes decades before 1945. Miyatake Gaikotsu, the editor ofDemocracyin 1919, outlined the benefits that democratic reforms might provide in a post-World War I world. Decades later, Japanese people faced a new postwar struggle, not as victors but as the vanquished. Gaikotsu, writing in 1945, reflected on democracy in these new circumstances in his study,Amerika-sama. Although the situation was vastly different, victory and defeat in world wars had opened paths to new possibilities. This paper examines Gaikotsu's prewar writings as prescient prescriptions that he revisits in his essayAmerika-sama, or ‘Honourable America,’ at the point they begin to be played out, in some instances only partially and at times for ill as well as good, in occupied Japan. These reflections strikingly demonstrate the continuity of ideas during the prewar past and postwar present.Amerika-samais a representative expression of many programmes Gaikotsu and likeminded humanistic activists attempted to put into practice from the late nineteenth century until they were suppressed during the wartime years. Mainstream political parties, prewar and postwar, often found it difficult to embrace Gaikotsu's ideas and political programmes. Nevertheless, the general public embraced them and they now find legal support in the Constitution of Japan.
The Hispanic Horizon in Yucatan:A model of Franciscan missionization
Authors: Hanson Craig A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractFollowing the military campaigns of conquest in sixteenth-century Yucatan, the Order of Friars Minor Observant assumed the task of controlling, by culture conversion, the indigenous Yucatec Maya. The fundamental vehicle for this program of social engineering was the built environment of the mission, composed of the chapel, atrium, and friary, and the associated village. Archaeological remains of mission sites are horizon markers for the earliest phases of permanent Hispanic presence on the peninsula, ca. 1545–1572. Mission villages specify locations where the friars reorganized pre-Hispanic Maya settlements according to Spanish sociopolitical norms. Increasing complexity in mission-chapel architecture marks the stages of this reorganization. In this article, I discuss the historical origin of the friars' policies and the context of their implementation in Yucatan; model the spatial, temporal, architectural, and behavioral variables the Franciscans employed to extend and maintain Hispanic hegemony; provide comparative data from seventeenth-century New Mexico and La Florida; and outline a general theory of Franciscan activity in the New World.
A Brief History of Underwater Archaeology in the Maya Area
Authors: Andrews Anthony P. , Corletta Robert 
Published: November 2010

AbstractUnderwater archaeology in the Maya area during the twentieth century has gradually evolved from a avocational activity whose primary focus was on the recovery of artifacts to a subdiscipline with more focused professional concerns. The present synthesis outlines the history of underwater research throughout the Maya area, including projects at pre-Hispanic sites in the lowlands and highlands, as well as the exploration of offshore historic wrecks. It concludes with a brief assessment of the current state of this research.
The Origin of Puuc Slate Ware: New Data from Sayil, Yucatan, Mexico
Authors: Smyth Michael P. , Dore Christopher D. , Neff Hector , Glascock Michael D. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis paper reports results of the first neutron-activation analysis (NAA) of ancient pottery wares and clays from the Puuc region of Yucatan. Based on ceramics from Sayil, this investigation seeks to expand exploration into the nature of commercialization during the Terminal Classic period (A.D. 800–1000). This research sought to: (a) establish the chemical composition of major Puuc wares, (b) begin to define potential raw materials and production loci at Sayil, and (c) explore the question of whether Sayil was a major producer and exporter of ceramic wares. Compositional analysis reveals that three of the four major Puuc wares (Puuc Slate, Puuc Unslipped, and Puuc Red) exhibit some degree of chemical distinctiveness, suggesting discrete production units. Compositional analysis of clays from Sayil and Loltun Cave indicates that Puuc Slate and Puuc Red Ware are compatible with clays locally available at Sayil, supporting local production of these wares, whereas Puuc Unslipped Ware initially appears to be closer compositionally to clays from Loltun. In addition, Puuc Slate is an important ware found throughout northern Yucatan that shows evidence of large-scale production at Sayil. This analysis represents the first steps of a comprehensive investigation into the Maya economy of Terminal Classic Yucatan.