bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An investigation of variable power collective pitch control for load mitigation of floating offshore wind turbines
Authors: Lackner Matthew A. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the loads on offshore floating wind turbines and a new control method that can be used to reduce these loads. In this variable power collective pitch control method, the rated generator speed, which is the set point that the collective pitch control attempts to drive the actual generator speed towards, is no longer a constant value but instead is a variable that depends on the platform pitch velocity. At a basic physical level, this controller achieves the following: as the rotor of a floating turbine pitches upwind, the controller adjusts so as to extract more energy from the wind by increasing the rated generator speed and thus damps the motion; as the rotor pitches downwind, less energy is extracted because the controller reduces the rated generator speed and again damps the motion. This method is applied to the NREL 5 MW wind turbine model, in above rated conditions where the platform motion is most problematic. The results indicate significant load reductions on key structural components, at the expense of minor increases in power and speed variability. The loads on the blades and tower are investigated more generally, and simple dynamic models are used to gain insight into the behavior of floating wind turbine systems. It is clear that for this particular design, aerodynamic methods for reducing platform motion and tower loads are likely inadequate to allow for a viable design, so new designs or possibly new control degrees of freedom are needed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Organogels: An Alternative Edible Oil‐Structuring Method
Authors:   Edmund Daniel Co, Marangoni Alejandro G. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractStructuring liquid oils has become an active area of research in the past decade, mainly due to pressures to reduce saturated fat intake and eliminate trans fats from our diets. However, replacing hard fats with liquid oil can lead to major changes in the quality of food products. Recent strategies to impart solid‐fat functionality to liquid oils include the addition of unusual compounds to oil, leading to its gelation. These include small‐molecule organogelators such as phytosterols and 12‐hydroxystearic acid, which self‐assemble into crystalline fibers which trap oil. Other crystalline additives include waxes, ceramides, monoacylglycerides, and other surfactants. Recently, the polymer ethyl cellulose was reported to form a polymer gel in triacylglyceride (TAG) oils. Other non‐conventional strategies also include the formation of protein‐stabilized cellular solids with oil trapped within the cells. In this review, we summarize the research on each one of these components in order to provide a comprehensive overview of the state of the area in oleogel research and provide future perspectives.
Academic motivation, self‐concept, engagement, and performance in high school: Key processes from a longitudinal perspective
Authors: Green Jasmine , Liem Gregory Arief D. , Martin Andrew J. , Colmar Susan , Marsh Herbert W. , McInerney Dennis 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTThe study tested three theoretically/conceptually hypothesized longitudinal models of academic processes leading to academic performance. Based on a longitudinal sample of 1866 high‐school students across two consecutive years of high school (Time 1 and Time 2), the model with the most superior heuristic value demonstrated: (a) academic motivation and self‐concept positively predicted attitudes toward school; (b) attitudes toward school positively predicted class participation and homework completion and negatively predicted absenteeism; and (c) class participation and homework completion positively predicted test performance whilst absenteeism negatively predicted test performance. Taken together, these findings provide support for the relevance of the self‐system model and, particularly, the importance of examining the dynamic relationships amongst engagement factors of the model. The study highlights implications for educational and psychological theory, measurement, and intervention.
Disruption of redox homeostasis in cerebral cortex of developing rats by acylcarnitines accumulating in medium‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency
Authors: Tonin Anelise M. , Grings Mateus , Knebel Lisiane A. , Zanatta Ângela , Moura Alana P. , Ribeiro César A.J. , Leipnitz Guilhian , Wajner Moacir 
Published: March 2012

AbstractMedium‐chain fatty acids and acylcarnitines accumulate in medium‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD), the most frequent fatty acid oxidation defect clinically characterized by episodic crises with vomiting, seizures and coma. Considering that the pathophysiology of the neurological symptoms observed in MCADD is poorly known and, to our knowledge, there is no report on the involvement of acylcarnitines in the brain damage presented by the affected patients, the objective of the present study was to investigate the in vitro effects of hexanoylcarnitine (HC), octanoylcarnitine, decanoylcarnitine (DC) and cis‐4‐decenoylcarnitine (cDC) at concentrations varying from 0.01 to 1.0 mM on important oxidative stress parameters in cerebral cortex of young rats. HC, DC and cDC significantly induced lipid peroxidation, as determined by increased thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBA‐RS) values. In addition, carbonyl formation was significantly augmented and sulfhydryl content diminished by DC, reflecting induction of protein oxidative damage. HC, DC and cDC also decreased glutathione (GSH) levels, the most important brain antioxidant defense. Furthermore, DC‐induced elevation of TBA‐RS values and decrease of GSH levels were prevented by the free radical scavengers melatonin and α‐tocopherol, indicating the involvement of reactive oxygen species in these effects. We also found that l‐carnitine itself did not induce lipid and protein oxidative damage, neither reduced the antioxidant defenses. Our present data show that the major medium‐chain acylcarnitines accumulating in MCADD elicit oxidative stress in rat brain. It is therefore presumed that these compounds may be involved to a certain extent in the pathogenesis of the neurologic dysfunction of MCADD.
Detailed analysis of a randomized, multicenter, comparative trial of dienogest versus leuprolide acetate in endometriosis
Authors: Strowitzki Thomas , Marr Joachim , Gerlinger Christoph , Faustmann Thomas , Seitz Christian 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the secondary efficacy and safety outcomes from a recent trial comparing dienogest (DNG) with leuprolide acetate (LA) in women with endometriosis.MethodsA 24‐week, open‐label, randomized, multicenter study of DNG versus LA in women with endometriosis‐related pain was assessed for outcomes such as responder rates (using predefined thresholds of pain relief), changes in single symptoms/signs and sum scores from the Biberoglu and Behrman (B&B) scale, clinical laboratory parameters, and measures of quality of life.ResultsDienogest was non‐inferior to LA for treatment response using all predefined thresholds of pain relief and provided equivalent improvements in B&B symptoms and signs. No clinically relevant changes in laboratory parameters were observed during DNG treatment, whereas estrogen levels decreased in the LA group. Compared with LA, DNG was associated with pronounced improvements in specific quality‐of‐life measures.ConclusionThe analyses provide supportive evidence that the efficacy of DNG is equivalent to that of LA for treating endometriosis symptoms, with specific quality‐of‐life benefits and a favorable safety profile.
Diuretic use is associated with better learning and memory in older adults in the Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory study
Authors: Yasar Sevil , Lin Fu‐Mei , Fried Linda P. , Kawas Claudia H. , Sink Kaycee M. , DeKosky Steven T. , Carlson Michelle C. ,   Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory (GEM) Study Investigators
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate the association between diuretics, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE‐I), angiotensin II receptor blockers (AT2RB), and cognitive function.MethodsThis post hoc analysis of the randomized controlled Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory Study trial focuses on 3069 nondemented community‐dwelling participants aged >75 years. At baseline visit, detailed information about medication use was collected and five cognitive domains were assessed. Multivariate linear regression analyses were used to assess cross‐sectional associations between medication use and cognitive function.ResultsIn all, 36% of participants reported history of hypertension and 53% reported antihypertensive medication use, with 17% reporting diuretic, 11% ACE‐I, and 2% AT2RB use. Potassium‐sparing diuretic use (N = 192) was associated with better verbal learning and memory measured by California Verbal Learning Test as compared with no antihypertensive medication users (β = 0.068, P = .01; β = 0.094, P < .001) and other antihypertensive medication users (β = 0.080, P = .03; β = 0.153, P < .001). Use of ACE‐I or AT2RB was not associated with better cognitive function.ConclusionResults warrant further investigation into possible protective effects of potassium‐sparing diuretics and the role of potassium in mitigating cognitive decline.
A case of pilomatrixoma in the cheek in a 7‐year‐old girl
Authors: Kashima Koji , Igawa Kaori , Takamori Koichi , Yoshioka Izumi , Sakoda Sumio 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPilomatrixoma, also known as a calcifying epithelioma, is a benign tumor originating from a hair follicle. We present a case of pilomatrixoma in a 7‐year‐old girl complaining of swelling in the cheek. Clinical examination disclosed a mass 10 mm in diameter and it was totally removed. The microscopic examination showed encapsulated tumors mainly composed of eosinophilic ghost cells and partly with basophilic portions in hyalinized fibrous stroma with calcification. Preoperative ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging gave us useful information for complete tumor excision that the tumor existed just under the skin and the risk of facial palsy would be relatively low.
Energy spectra of stably stratified turbulence
Authors: Kimura Y. , Herring J. R. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe investigate homogeneous incompressible turbulence subjected to a range of degrees of stratification. Our basic method is pseudospectral direct numerical simulations at a resolution of $102{4}^{3} $. Such resolution is sufficient to reveal inertial power-law ranges for suitably comprised horizontal and vertical spectra, which are designated as the wave and vortex mode (the Craya–Herring representation). We study mainly turbulence that is produced from randomly large-scale forcing via an Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process applied isotropically to the horizontal velocity field. In general, both the wave and vortex spectra are consistent with a Kolmogorov-like ${k}^{\ensuremath{-} 5/ 3} $ range at sufficiently large $k$. At large scales, and for sufficiently strong stratification, the wave spectrum is a steeper ${ k}_{\perp }^{\ensuremath{-} 2} $, while that for the vortex component is consistent with ${ k}_{\perp }^{\ensuremath{-} 3} $. Here ${k}_{\perp } $ is the horizontally gathered wavenumber. In contrast to the horizontal wavenumber spectra, the vertical wavenumber spectra show very different features. For those spectra, a clear ${ k}_{z}^{\ensuremath{-} 3} $ dependence for small scales is observed while the large scales show rather flat spectra. By modelling the horizontal layering of vorticity, we attempt to explain the flat spectra. These spectra are linked to two-point structure functions of the velocity correlations in the horizontal and vertical directions. We can observe the power-law transition also in certain of the two-point structure functions.
The influence of surfactant on the propagation of a semi-infinite bubble through a liquid-filled compliant channel
Authors: Halpern David , Gaver III Donald P. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe investigate the influence of a soluble surfactant on the steady-state motion of a finger of air through a compliant channel. This study provides a basic model from which to understand the fluid–structure interactions and physicochemical hydrodynamics of pulmonary airway reopening. Airway closure occurs in lung diseases such as respiratory distress syndrome and acute respiratory distress syndrome as a result of fluid accumulation and surfactant insufficiency. This results in ‘compliant collapse’ with the airway walls buckled and held in apposition by a liquid occlusion that blocks the passage of air. Airway reopening is essential to the recovery of adequate ventilation, but has been associated with ventilator-induced lung injury because of the exposure of airway epithelial cells to large interfacial flow-induced pressure gradients. Surfactant replacement is helpful in modulating this deleterious mechanical stimulus, but is limited in its effectiveness owing to slow surfactant adsorption. We investigate the effect of surfactant on micro-scale models of reopening by computationally modelling the steady two-dimensional motion of a semi-infinite bubble propagating through a liquid-filled compliant channel doped with soluble surfactant. Many dimensionless parameters affect reopening, but we primarily investigate how the reopening pressure ${p}_{b} $ depends upon the capillary number $\mathit{Ca}$ (the ratio of viscous to surface tension forces), the adsorption depth parameter $\lambda $ (a bulk concentration parameter) and the bulk Péclet number ${\mathit{Pe}}_{b} $ (the ratio of bulk convection to diffusion). These studies demonstrate a dependence of ${p}_{b} $ on $\lambda $, and suggest that a critical bulk concentration must be exceeded to operate as a low-surface-tension system. Normal and tangential stress gradients remain largely unaffected by physicochemical interactions – for this reason, further biological studies are suggested that will clarify the role of wall flexibility and surfactant on the protection of the lung from atelectrauma.
SOME GROUPS WITH COMPUTABLE CHERMAK–DELGADO LATTICES
Authors: BREWSTER BEN , WILCOX ELIZABETH 
Published: March 2012

AbstractLet G be a finite group and let H≤G. We refer to |H||CG(H)| as the Chermak–Delgado measure ofH with respect to G. Originally described by Chermak and Delgado, the collection of all subgroups of G with maximal Chermak–Delgado measure, denoted 𝒞𝒟(G), is a sublattice of the lattice of all subgroups of G. In this paper we note that if H∈𝒞𝒟(G) then H is subnormal in G and prove that if K is a second finite group then 𝒞𝒟(G×K)=𝒞𝒟(G)×𝒞𝒟(K) . We additionally describe the 𝒞𝒟(G≀Cp) where G has a nontrivial centre and p is an odd prime and determine conditions for a wreath product to be a member of its own Chermak–Delgado lattice. We also examine the behaviour of centrally large subgroups, a subset of the Chermak–Delgado lattice.
Effect of a novel proteoglycan PTP1B inhibitor fromGanoderma lucidumon the amelioration of hyperglycaemia and dyslipidaemia indb/dbmice
Authors: Wang Chen-Dong , Teng Bao-Song , He Yan-Ming , Wu Jia-Sheng , Pan Deng , Pan Luan-Feng , Zhang Dan , Fan Zhao-Hua , Yang Hong-Jie , Zhou Ping 
Published: March 2012

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is implicated in the negative regulation of the insulin signalling pathway by dephosphorylating the insulin receptor (IR) and IR substrates.Ganodermalucidumhas traditionally been used for the treatment of diabetes in Chinese medicine; however, its anti-diabetic potency and mechanismin vivois still unclear. Our previously published study reported a novel proteoglycan PTP1B inhibitor, named Fudan-Yueyang-Ganoderma lucidum(FYGL) fromG. lucidum, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 5·12 (sem0·05) μg/ml, a protein:polyglycan ratio of 17:77 and 78 % glucose in polysaccharide, and dominant amino acid residues of aspartic acid, glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, serine and threonine in protein.FYGLis capable of decreasing plasma glucose in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice with a high safety of median lethal dose (LD50) of 6 g/kg. In the present study, C57BL/6db/dbdiabetic mice were trialed further usingFYGLas well as metformin for comparison. Oral treatment withFYGLindb/dbdiabetic mice for 4 weeks significantly (P < 0·01 or 0·05) decreased the fasting plasma glucose level, serum insulin concentration and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance.FYGLalso controlled the biochemistry indices relative to type 2 diabetes-accompanied lipidaemic disorders. Pharmacology research suggests thatFYGLdecreases the plasma glucose level by the mechanism of inhibiting PTP1B expression and activity, consequently, regulating the tyrosine phosphorylation level of the IR β-subunit and the level of hepatic glycogen, thus resulting in the improvement of insulin sensitivity. Therefore,FYGLis promising as an insulin sensitiser for the therapy of type 2 diabetes and accompanied dyslipidaemia.
THE HOMOTOPY TYPE OF THE SPACE OF GRADIENT VECTOR FIELDS ON THE TWO-DIMENSIONAL DISC
Authors: BARTŁOMIEJCZYK PIOTR , NOWAK-PRZYGODZKI PIOTR 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe prove that the inclusion of the space of gradient vector fields into the space of all vector fields on D2 non-vanishing in S1 is a homotopy equivalence.
Predicting the potential threat of Casuarina equisetifolia to three endemic plant species on the Turks and Caicos Islands
Authors: Hardman Chloe J. , Williams Sophie , Manco Bryan Naqqi , Hamilton Martin A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractInvasive species are one of the main threats to the loss of global biodiversity. Controlling such species requires a high input of effort and resources and therefore it is important to focus control on areas that will maximize gains for conservation. We present a spatial modelling approach that will help target control efforts. We used presence-only data to develop habitat suitability models for the invasive tree Casuarina equisetifolia and three endemic plant species on the Turks and Caicos Islands in the Caribbean. Substantial overlap was found between suitable areas for the endemics and C. equisetifolia. Evidence for the potential harm that C. equisetifolia could cause to native vegetation was assessed using paired areas with and without invasion. Areas with C. equisetifolia present had lower native plant species richness than areas where it was absent, which suggests a negative effect of invasion on the growth of native plants. No endemic plants were found in areas where C. equisetifolia was present. Based on the data collected we recommend that the three endemic species be categorized as Endangered on the IUCN Red List. By highlighting areas where the endemic plants are found and demonstrating a potential threat to these habitats, we provide a plan for the designation of six Important Plant Areas to promote conservation of these endemic species.
The development of RNA interference (RNAi) in gastrointestinal nematodes
Authors: SELKIRK MURRAY E. , HUANG STANLEY C. , KNOX DAVID P. , BRITTON COLLETTE 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARYDespite the utility of RNAi for defining gene function inCaenorhabditis elegansand early successes reported in parasitic nematodes, RNAi has proven to be stubbornly inconsistent or ineffective in the animal parasitic nematodes examined to date. Here, we summarise some of our experiences with RNAi in parasitic nematodes affecting animals and discuss the available data in the context of our own unpublished work, taking account of mode of delivery, larval activation, site of gene transcription and the presence/absence of essential RNAi pathway genes as defined by comparisons toC. elegans. We discuss future directions briefly including the evaluation of nanoparticles as a means to enhance delivery of interfering RNA to the target worm tissue.
The Theology of Poems on the Lord's Supper by the Dutch Calvinist, Constantijn Huygens (1596–1687)
Authors: Joby Christopher 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn this article, I provide a detailed analysis of the poems on the Lord's Supper by the Dutch statesman and man of letters, Constantijn Huygens (1596–1687). Between 1642 and 1684, he wrote eighteen poems on this subject, sixteen in Dutch and two in Latin. The type of poem varies from pithy epigrams to sonnets, through to longer poems over fifty lines in length, replete with well-conceived poetic tropes. To date, these poems have received little scholarly attention. Huygens was a lifelong member of the Reformed church and his poetry considers themes which are central to Reformed theology, such as human sin, divine grace and human gratitude. In his poetry, he recognises that he is a sinner and that it is not sufficient merely to ask for divine forgiveness, and then sin again. He acknowledges the need to intend to change his ways, but also recognises that he can only do this with divine assistance. Huygens published most of these poems and although such a public acknowledgement of sin may seem strange to us, there is a sense in which he was performing a public act of confession, to make common cause with his fellow believers, and also perhaps to encourage them to do the same. Much of the poetry considers the ontology and efficacy of the Lord's Supper. As well as exploring familiar tropes such as the sacrament as a feast and a pledge for God's promises, Huygens also asks about the very nature of the bread and wine of the sacrament. We might expect him to ascribe little or no value to the elements themselves, beyond, to use Brian Gerrish's phrase, ‘presenting what they represent’. poetry. However, at some points, the language Huygens uses to refer to the elements, such as ‘holy bread’ and ‘healing dew’, suggests something more is at stake. Some may dismiss such phrases as mere lyrical flourish, but I argue that they point to a central tension inherent within Reformed eucharistic theology between sign and signified and, furthermore, that this poetry offers us the opportunity to explore that tension. Huygens’ poems bear comparison with the best English-language religious poetry of the seventeenth century, and remind us that poetry as well as prose can offer us valuable theological insight.