bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photocatalytic removal of olive mill waste water by TiO2 loaded on sepiolite and under natural solar irradiation
Authors: Uğurlu Mehmet , Karaoğlu M. Hamdi 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe photocatalytic removal of color, lignin, and phenol from olive mill waste water (OMW) has been investigated by using TiO2/Sepiolite nanoparticle. TiO2 particles were immobilized by using a titanium solution and sepiolite by the wet impregnation method. Nanocrystalline TiO2 anatase phase on sepiolite was obtained using an adequate thermal treatment of 500°C for 2 h considering thermal instability of the sepiolite. TiO2/Sepiolite material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X‐ray microanalyses and Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller surface area measurements. Then, the photocatalytic experiments have been done under solar irradiation and the different variables (TiO2/Sep. dose, solution pH, oxidant concentration and reaction times) and the degradation rations were found to be strongly influenced by all investigated parameters. The photocatalytic degradation of color, lignin, and phenol was favorable at pH 9–11.0. Optimum values of catalyst dose and oxidant concentration were found to be 0.8 g L−1 and 16 mL L−1, respectively. In addition, the pseudo‐first order model was applied and r2 values were noted from 0.92 to 0.99. It can be said that this study proves the effectiveness of photocatalytic removal for highly concentrated organic pollutants in OMW. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2011
Green and fast procedure to obtainN‐alkylbenzimidazole derivatives under microwave activation
Authors: Calvino‐Casilda V. , Martín‐Aranda R.M. , López‐Peinado A.J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn this research, we report for the first time the one‐pot microwave‐assisted synthesis of N‐butylbenzimidazole derivatives via alkylation of benzimidazole with 1‐bromobutane over alkali‐metal doped carbons in absence of any solvent. N‐alkylbenzimidazole derivatives are produced in high yields and in very short reaction times when NaCs‐Norit is used as catalyst (ca. 75% in 5 min). Thus the combination of microwaves and basic carbons in dry media leads to the simplest, most eco‐efficient and fastest procedure reported so far for the preparation of benzimidazole derivatives with pharmacological properties. Under these mild reaction conditions, N‐butylbenzimidazoles are obtained with total selectivity to be used in many important industrial applications. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2011
Rate phenomena in the reaction of hydrogen sulfide with a zinc oxide‐based sorbent
Authors: Palmer Bruce R. , Gutierrez Carmen , Gidas Marie‐Beatrice , Berrouk Abdallah , Gawargy Mena W.H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA zinc oxide‐based sorbent was prepared by spraying drying a slurry containing 65% zinc oxide, 18% peptized alumina, and 17% perlite. The spray dried solids were dry sieved, wet sieved, dried at 150°C for 1 h, and subsequently calcined at 635°C for 1 h to produce the sorbent. The rate of sorption of hydrogen sulfide was measured as a function of time with a Cahn VersaTherm™ thermogravimetric analyzer. Sorption rate is reported as a function of hydrogen sulfide partial pressure, temperature, and external particle size. Sorption rate can be described by a hydrogen sulfide mass‐transport model for agglomerated particles. This agglomerate kinetics model satisfactory explains rate phenomena observed in this system. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2011
Hazardous waste inventory in Gebze Organized Industrial Zone, Kocaeli, Turkey
Authors: Bektaş N. , Gökşin I. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractHazardous waste management (HWM) is one of the most important environmental problems. The lack of sufficient information on hazardous waste (HW) results in failure of the control and monitoring mechanisms. The HW is needed to be identified for an appropriate recovery and disposal strategy. Based on previous studies, the most important problem for effective HWM in Turkey is the lack of a reliable countrywide HW inventory. This insufficient information results in fewer recovery and recycling possibilities and also disposal facilities resulting in illegal and random release of HWs to the environment. A reliable and updated inventory study for waste type, source, and quantity information is required to determine and overcome this problem. The inventory information, such as generation of HW place, type, and collection will be the guide for the prevention, recovery, reuse, and also treatment of these wastes. The aim of this article is to describe a HW inventory study conducted in an organized industrial zone for a year. The inventory lists for HW were prepared on the basis of generation, types, and quantities of HW. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2011
Effects of solution pH on adsorption of chlorophenols by cross‐linked polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP XL) polymers
Authors: Li Zhaohui , Matoska Stephen J. , Rohrer Heather 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWidely used as insecticides, fungicides, and disinfectants and regarded as having relatively high toxicities, chlorophenols are a group of organic contaminants whose solubility and sorptive properties on different substrates vary greatly with solution pH. In this study, the feasibility and applicability of using cross‐linked polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP XL) polymers to adsorb and remove chlorophenols from water under different pH conditions were investigated. The adsorption of chlorophenols on PVP XL was instantaneous and followed a linear sorption isotherm under the tested concentrations from 0.05 to 10 mg L–1, suggesting a partitioning mechanism. The chlorophenol adsorption increased as the degree of chlorination, thus the octanol–water partitioning coefficient, increased. A decrease in contaminant distribution coefficients with an increase in solution pH suggested that the deprotonated species had a weaker affinity for PVP XL surfaces than their protonated counterparts. The free energy of adsorption of 2,3,4,6‐tetrachlorophenol (TeCP) on PVP XL was negative, suggesting a spontaneous adsorption. The negative enthalpy values of TeCP adsorption on PVP XL indicated an exothermic process. The results from this study show that PVP XL could be a viable alternative for the adsorption of chlorinated phenols in aqueous media as a remediation tool. The instantaneous adsorption will make PVP XL a possible choice for ultra filtration to remove chlorophenols from water. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2011
Biotransformation of the 8:2 fluorotelomer acrylate in rainbow trout. 1. In vivo dietary exposure
Authors: Butt Craig M. , Muir Derek C.G. , Mabury Scott A. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The bioaccumulation and biotransformation of the 8:2 fluorotelomer acrylate (C8F17CH2CH2OC(O)CH = CH2, 8:2 FTAc) was investigated in rainbow trout via dietary exposure. The 8:2 FTAc is a monomer used in the manufacture of fluorinated polymers and has been widely detected in the atmosphere. The parent 8:2 FTAc and suspected intermediate and terminal metabolites were monitored in liver, blood, kidney, bile, and feces during the 5-d uptake and 8-d elimination phases using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)- and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)- based methods. Very low levels of the 8:2 FTAc were detected in the internal tissues and feces, suggesting that the 8:2 FTAc was rapidly biotransformed in the gut or liver. Similarly, low concentrations of the 8:2 fluorotelomer alcohol (FTOH) were accumulated in the fish tissues. The 8:2 saturated fluorotelomer carboxylate (FTCA) was formed in the highest concentration, reaching steady-state tissue concentrations of approximately 1,000 to 1,400 ng/g wet weight. The 8:2 FTUCA and 7:3 FTCA were also accumulated in high levels, at levels approximately 10-fold lower than the 8:2 FTCA. Both the 7:3 FTCA and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) showed increasing levels throughout the uptake phase and into the initial stages of the elimination phase, indicating continued formation through precursors still present in the body. Perfluorononanoate (PFNA) was formed in low nanogram per gram wet weight levels. The intermediate and terminal metabolites were also detected in the bile and feces, indicating an important elimination pathway for these compounds. In addition, the 8:2 FTOH glucuronide conjugate was measured in relatively high concentrations in the bile and feces. The results of the current study demonstrated a scenario in which a biologically labile compound is biotransformed to terminal metabolites that are much more biologically persistent. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:2726–2735. © 2010 SETAC
Toxicity of petroleum hydrocarbon distillates to soil organisms
Authors: Cermak Janet H. , Stephenson Gladys L. , Birkholz Detlef , Wang Zhendi , Dixon D. George 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCanadian standards for petroleum hydrocarbons in soil are based on four distillate ranges (F1, C6–C10; F2, &gt;C10–C16; F3, &gt;C16–C34; and F4, &gt;C34). Concerns have arisen that the ecological soil contact standards for F3 may be overly conservative. Oil distillates were prepared and characterized, and the toxicity of F3 and two subfractions, F3a (&gt;C16–C23) and F3b (&gt;C23–C34), to earthworms (Eisenia andrei), springtails (Orthonychiurus folsomi), and northern wheatgrass (Elymus lanceolatus), as well as the toxicity of F2 to earthworms, was determined. Clean soil was spiked with individual distillates and measured concentrations were determined for select tests. Results agree with previous studies with these distillates. Reported toxicities of crude and petroleum products to invertebrates were generally comparable to that of F3 and F3a. The decreasing order of toxicity was F3a &gt; F3 &gt; F3b with invertebrates, and F3a &gt; F3b &gt; F3 with plants. The toxicities of F3a and F3b were not sufficiently different to recommend regulating hydrocarbons based on these distillate ranges. The results also suggest that test durations may be insufficient for determining toxicity of higher distillate ranges, and that the selection of species and endpoints may significantly affect interpretation of toxicity test results. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:2685–2694. © 2010 SETAC
Packet reservation multiple access in cellular environments
Authors: Frullone  , Riva G. , Grazioso P. , Carciofi C. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSome different packet protocols, based on a Reservation ALOHA protocol, have been proposed in literature for use in mobile radio systems, even though their performance have been fully evaluated only in interference free environments. The paper focuses on Packet Reservation Multiple Access (PRMA) and extends the evaluation of its performance to a cellular environment, first by characterising its performance when loaded by a Poisson traffic distribution and then assessing the impact of interference from other cells.
Outage probability in FDMA/TDMA mobile communication networks
Authors: Caini Carlo , Immovilli Gianni , Merani Maria Luisa 
Published: September 2010

AbstractOne of the most crucial problems to solve in the field of mobile communication networks is the evaluation for a generic link of the network of the outage probability due to the random characteristics of the transmission system, essentially determined by anomalous propagation conditions, cochannel interference and user mobility. The exact analytical solution to this problem is very burdensome, regardless of the system implementation technique considered. In this paper the effects of cochannel interference, nonselective fading and user mobility in FDMA/TDMA mobile radio networks are investigated, and an extremely simple approximated methodology is presented for the analytical evaluation of the outage probability and of the frequency reuse distance. It is worth noting that the proposed method allows to consider a general statistical description for the nonselective propagation media of the radio network. Here we successfully apply it in the path loss, fading and shadowing scenario which are typical of cellular and microcellular structures.
Performance of shared medium access protocols for ATM traffic concentration
Authors: Toniatti Tiziana , Verri Luigi , Casals Olga , Garcia Jorge , Blondia Chris , Angelopoulos John D. , Venieris Iakovos S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe paper analyses the problem of Medium Access Control in a Passive Optical Network, used to concentrate ATM user traffic. Feasible solutions for the problem are investigated and two protocols to resolve contention on the shared medium are presented, the single cell and the multiple cell frame based. The performance of the two protocols is evaluated, obtaining indications about the transfer delay introduced by the protocols and the amount of buffering needed at the user side.
The pan‐European mobile radio system: Part II
Authors: Hanzo L. , Steele R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractHaving considered the mapping of logical traffic and control channels onto physical channels, speech and error correction coding, interleaving as well as the TDMA hierarchy and synchronisation problems in Part I of this contribution, here mainly transmission issues are addressed [1–6] and some performance figures are provided. Constant envelope partial response Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK) with a channel spacing of 200 kHz is deployed to support 125 duplex channels in the 890 ‐ 915MHz uplink and 935 ‐ 960 MHz downlink bands, respectively. At a transmission rate of 271 kbit/s 1.35 bit/s/Hz spectral efficiency is achieved. The controlled GMSK‐induced and un‐controlled channel‐induced inter‐symbol interferences are removed by the channel equaliser. The set of standardised wide‐band GSM channels is introduced in order to provide bench‐markers for performance comparisons. Efficient power budgeting and minimum co‐channel interferences are ensured by the combination of adaptive power‐ and handover‐control based on weighted averaging of up to eight uplink and downlink system parameters. Discontinuous transmissions (DTX) assisted by reliable spectral‐domain voice activity detection (VAD) and comfort‐noise insertion further reduce interferences and power consumption. Due to ciphering, no unprotected information is sent via the radio link. As a result, spectrally efficient, high‐quality mobile communications with a variety of services and international roaming is possible in cells of up to 35km radius for signal to noise‐ and interference‐ratios in excess of 10 ‐ 12 dBs.
A genetic algorithm for channel assignment problems
Authors: Cuppini Monica 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChannel assignment problems are NP‐complete optimization problems occurring during design of cellular radio systems. So far, these problems have been treated by sequential graph coloring algorithms [1, 2] and by heuristic techniques [3, 4]. On the other hand, genetic algorithms (GAs) were successfully applied to other NP‐complete problems. In this paper, a strategy for using genetic algorithms to solve channel assignment problems is presented.
The RCELP speech‐coding algorithm
Authors: Kleijn W. Bastiaan , Kroon Peter , Nahumi Dror 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAt bit rates between 4 and 16 kbit/s, many state‐of‐the‐art speech coding algorithms fall into the class of linear‐prediction based analysis‐by‐synthesis (LPAS) speech coders. At the lower bit rates the waveform‐matching, on which LPAS coders rely, constrains the speech quality. To overcome this drawback, we present a coder (RCELP) that uses a generalization of the analysis‐by‐synthesis paradigm. This generalization relaxes the waveform‐matching constraints without affecting speech quality. We describe several implementations at bit rates between 4 and 6 kbit/s. MOS tests show that a 6 kbit/s RCELP has a quality similar or better than the 13 kbit/s GSM full‐rate coder, and a 4.4 kbit/s RCELP has a speech quality significantly better than the 4.8 kbit/s FS1016 standard.
CELP coding at variable rate
Authors: Cellario Luca , Sereno Daniele 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper describes the general principle of variable rate applied to CELP coding and presents an algorithm conceived for mobile applications based on CDMA technique. The speech coder operates at an average rate of around 6 kbit/s with a peak rate of 16 kbit/s, providing a quality close to the one of the G.728 standard. The algorithm is based on a multi‐rate CELP whose operating mode is selected by a combination of open‐loop speech classification and closed‐loop quality evaluation. The scheme is not fully optimized for the average rate, but attention has mainly been paid to the classification algorithm having the constraint to keep the algorithmic delay equal to 10 ms.
Performance and Aging of Microtubular YSZ‐based Solid Oxide Regenerative Fuel Cells
Authors: Laguna‐Bercero M. A. , Campana R. , Larrea A. , Kilner J. A. , Orera V. M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractFuel electrode supported microtubular solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) fabricated at ICMA have been characterised in both solid oxide steam electrolyser (SOEC) and fuel cell modes. The cells consists of a fuel electrode supporting tube of Ni/YSZ with 40% porosity, ∼400 μm thickness, 2.4 mm diameter and 100–150 mm length, a 15 μm thick YSZ electrolyte and a 50 vol% LSM/YSZ composite air electrode of 20 μm thickness and LSM/YSZ (80/20 vol%) up to 2 cm2 area as current collector in the air side. Platinum paste and wires were used as interconnectors in the air chamber and Ni felt in the fuel side. SOFC and SOEC experiments were performed at temperatures between 750 and 950 °C using synthetic air in the oxygen electrode and different partial pressures of steam in the fuel side. Analysis of the polarisation contributions to the j–V curve in FC operation mode was performed using theoretical models, as discussed in the text. The effect of the steam concentration and temperature on the electrolysis and fuel cell experiments is presented and discussed. The cells are reversible in both modes of operation at low fuel conversion rates. According with previous observations, when cells are operated at high steam conversion rates the cell voltage tends to saturate. Irreversible damage was observed by SEM at the YSZ–oxygen electrode interface after operation, probably due to the electrolyte reduction produced at high voltages.
Disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis after laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy with characteristic molecular cytogenetic findings of uterine leiomyoma
Authors: Ordulu Zehra , Cin Paola Dal , Chong Wilson W.S. , Choy Kwong Wai , Lee Charles , Muto Michael G. , Quade Bradley J. , Morton Cynthia C. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDisseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis (DPL) is a rare condition characterized by scattered smooth muscle nodules over the peritoneal surfaces. The pathogenesis of DPL remains unclear. Herein, we report a case of DPL occurring 7 years after laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy with morcellation for uterine leiomyomata (UL). We analyzed both the original UL and the subsequent DPL by molecular cytogenetics to assess the role of chromosomal abnormalities in DPL pathobiology. Interestingly, all of the chromosomal aberrations detected in this case of DPL, including r(1)(p34.3q41), del(3)(q23q26.33), and t(12;14)(q14.3;q24.1), are characteristic chromosomal abnormalities detected in UL. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of the initial UL confirmed an interstitial deletion spanning at least 3q24 and 3q25.1, suggesting that functional alteration of a potential gene in this chromosomal region may play a role in DPL development from UL. With the increasing rate of hysterectomy through laparoscopic approach to UL, the unique complications of laparoscopy with morcellation, especially seeding and proliferation of tumor cells over abdominal organs and peritoneum, are becoming more significant and may necessitate review of current surgical protocols to prevent future seeding of the pelvic region with tumor particles. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The social impact of anthropogenic landscape modification in the Río Verde drainage basin, Oaxaca, Mexico
Authors: Joyce Arthur A. , Mueller Raymond G. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis article examines the effects of anthropogenic landscape modification in the upper drainage basin of the Río Verde on environments and populations of the lower Río Verde Valley, Oaxaca, Mexico. Archaeological and geomorphological research conducted by the Río Verde Formative Project indicates that Late Formative (400–100 B.C.) population growth and agricultural intensification in the Oaxaca and Nochixtlán valleys increased erosion and runoff from the Verde's upper drainage. This geomorphic change in the highland valleys altered the drainage system and led to increased flooding and alluviation in the lower Río Verde Valley. The environmental effect in the lower valley may have increased the agricultural potential of the region, leading to population growth, and at least indirectly to social change.
MicroRNA-151 and Its Hosting Gene FAK (Focal Adhesion Kinase) Regulate Tumor Cell Migration and Spreading of Hepatocellular Carcinoma†
Authors: Luedde Tom 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

Recurrent chromosomal aberrations are often observed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but little is known about the functional non-coding sequences, particularly microRNAs (miRNAs), at the chromosomal breakpoints in HCC. Here we show that 22 miRNAs are often amplified or deleted in HCC. MicroRNA-151 (miR-151), a frequently amplified miRNA on 8q24.3, is correlated with intrahepatic metastasis of HCC. We further show that miR-151, which is often expressed together with its host gene FAK, encoding focal adhesion kinase, significantly increases HCC cell migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo, mainly through miR-151-5p, but not through miR-151-3p. Moreover, miR-151 exerts this function by directly targeting RhoGDIA, a putative metastasis suppressor in HCC, thus leading to the activation of Rac1, Cdc42 and Rho GTPases. In addition, miR-151 can function synergistically with FAK to enhance HCC cell motility and spreading. Thus, our findings indicate that chromosome gain of miR-151 is a crucial stimulus for tumour invasion and metastasis of HCC.
Chemical activity as an integrating concept in environmental assessment and management of contaminants
Authors: Mackay Don , Arnot Jon A. , Wania Frank , Bailey Robert E. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
It is suggested that chemical activity in environmental media can serve as an integrating concept for holistic evaluations of contaminants, including their fate and effects. In support of this assertion, information underlying the thermodynamic principles and the relationships between monitored and modeled concentrations and activities are presented. The toxicological significance of activity is discussed, with emphasis on substances that exert baseline narcosis. Illustrations are given of the application of activity using models and monitoring data for chemical risk assessment and management. It is argued that the proximity of prevailing multimedia environmental activities to activities causing toxic effects is a particularly insightful metric of environmental contamination for both narcotics and reactive toxic substances. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2011;7:248–255. © 2010 SETAC