bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polyglycidol Based Amphiphilic Double‐Comb Copolymers and Their Self‐Association in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Ozdemir Firat , Keul Helmut , Mourran Ahmed , Moeller Martin 
Published: May 2011

AbstractHerein, we report synthesis and self‐association properties of amphiphilic double‐comb polymers with polyglycidol backbones. First, a bifunctional polyglycidol precursor is synthesized via monomer activated anionic polymerization. Next, two efficient and orthogonal polymer analogous reactions are carried out for grafting hydrophilic oligoethylene glycol side chains and hydrophobic linear aliphatic side‐chains. The polymers are analyzed by means of NMR, GPC, and DSC. From the DSC analysis of the bulk samples it is evident that aliphatic side chains segregate from the polar backbone and thus crystallize. Furthermore, in aqueous media the double‐comb polymers spontaneously self‐assemble to form a multilayer structure. The present results pave a way to tailor and design amphiphilic polymers based on glycidols. Major advantages are spontaneous self‐assembly in water and the possibility to form onion polymersomes relevant to encapsulation.magnified image
pH‐Disintegrable Polyelectrolyte Multilayer‐Coated Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Exhibiting Triggered Co‐Release of Cisplatin and Model Drug Molecules
Authors: Wan Xuejuan , Zhang Guoying , Liu Shiyong 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe report on the fabrication of pH‐disintegrable polyelectrolyte multilayer‐coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) capable of triggered co‐release of cisplatin and model drug molecules. The outer polyelectrolyte multilayer was assembled from permanently cationic polyelectrolyte, poly(allyl amine hydrochloride) (PAH), and negatively charged polyelectrolyte, P(DMA‐co‐TPAMA), consisting of N,N‐dimethylacrylamide (DMA) and 3,4,5,6‐tetrahydrophthalic anhydride‐functionalized N‐(3‐aminopropyl)methacrylamide (TPAMA) monomer units, which exhibits pH‐induced charge conversion characteristics. Thus, the subtle alteration of solution pH from 7.4 to ≈5–6 can lead to the disintegration of outer polyelectrolyte multilayers, accompanied with the co‐release of cisplatin and RhB.magnified image
Graft‐induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease: High striatal serotonin/dopamine transporter ratio
Authors: Politis Marios , Oertel Wolfgang H. , Wu Kit , Quinn Niall P. , Pogarell Oliver , Brooks David J. , Bjorklund Anders , Lindvall Olle , Piccini Paola 
Published: May 2011

AbstractGraft‐induced dyskinesias are a serious complication after neural transplantation in Parkinson's disease. One patient with Parkinson's disease, treated with fetal grafts 14 years ago and deep brain stimulation 6 years ago, showed marked improvement of motor symptoms but continued to suffer from OFF‐medication graft‐induced dyskinesias. The patient received a series of clinical and imaging assessments. Positron emission tomography and single‐photon emission computed tomography 14 years posttransplantation revealed an elevated serotonin/dopamine transporter ratio in the grafted striatum compatible with serotonergic hyperinnervation. Inhibition of serotonin neuron activity by systemic administration of a 5‐HT1A agonist suppressed graft‐induced dyskinesias. Our data provide further evidence that serotonergic neurons mediate graft‐induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease. Achieving a normal striatal serotonin/dopamine transporter ratio following transplantation of fetal tissue or stem cells should be necessary to avoid the development of graft‐induced dyskinesias. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Olfactory deficits and cardiac 123I‐MIBG in Parkinson's disease related to the LRRK2 R1441G and G2019S mutations
Authors: Ruiz‐Martínez Javier , Gorostidi Ana , Goyenechea Estibaliz , Alzualde Ainhoa , Poza Juan José , Rodríguez Francisco , Bergareche Alberto , Moreno Fermín , López de Munain Adolfo , Martí Massó José F. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIt has been proposed that olfactory tests and metaiodobenzylguanidine cardiac scintigraphy may help diagnose idiopathic Parkinson's disease in the premotor phase. However, it is not clear what value these tests have in all patients with Parkinson's disease and, particularly, in those who carry mutations in LRRK2. The objective was to analyze olfactory dysfunction and the changes in cardiac I‐metaiodobenzylguanidine uptake in patients with Parkinson's disease carrying the R1441G and G2019S mutations in LRRK2, and in patients with Parkinson's disease with no known mutations. Patients with Parkinson's disease were screened for R1441G and G2019S LRRK2 gene mutations and classified as LRRK2 mutation carriers or noncarriers. A total of 190 patients with Parkinson's disease (44 LRRK2 mutation carriers) were tested for olfactory dysfunction using the Brief Smell Identification Test. Cardiac 123I‐metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy was performed on 90 patients with Parkinson's disease (27 LRRK2 mutation carriers). Thirty‐six percent of patients with LRRK2 mutations have hyposmia, compared to 75% of noncarrier patients with Parkinson's disease (P < .001). Sixty‐six percent of LRRK2 mutation carriers have low early metaiodobenzylguanidine uptake, compared to 86% of noncarriers (P = .048). Similarly, the heart/mediastinum ratio in delayed metaiodobenzylguanidine images appeared to differ between these groups of patients with Parkinson's disease, although these results did not reach statistical significance. The data obtained indicate that olfactory and cardiac impairment is less prevalent when Parkinson's disease is associated with mutations in LRRK2, although the underlying mechanisms for this difference remain unclear. Thus, such screening would be less useful to detect the premotor phase in asymptomatic relatives who carry mutations in LRRK2 than in cases not associated with LRRK2. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Accumlation of lipoprostaglandin E1 at the anastomotic region after systemic application
Authors: Okochi Masayuki , Ueda Kazuki , Kajikawa Akiyoshi 
Published: May 2011

AbstractLipoprostaglandin E1 (lipo‐PGE1) has been found accumulating in injured vascular regions. This study examined the localization of lipo‐PGE1 in the anastomotic region. The study was divided into three parts. First, we performed anastomosis of the rat femoral artery and vein (n = 17). Lipo‐PGE1 labeled with 1,1'‐dioctadecyl‐1,3,3',3'‐tetramethyl‐indocarbocyanine was infused intravenously. Hematoxylin‐Eosin staining and fluorescence microscopic findings showed that lipo‐PGE1 markedly accumulated at the anastomotic site when compared to the contralateral non anastomotic region. Then, we measured laser Doppler flow (LDF) of a lower leg before and after infusion of lipo‐PGE1 (n = 7) and saline (n = 7). Increase of blood flow was maintained 1 hour after the infusion of lipo‐PGE1 (144% ± 25.0%) when compared to saline infusion. Finally, we performed immunohistochemical and electron microscopic examinations and found that Lipo‐PGE1 was incorporated in vascular smooth muscle cells of the anastomotic region. These findings suggest selective accumulation of the lipo‐PGE1 in the vascular anastomosis site and affect on the blood flow of repaired vessels. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2011.
Working Conditions of Occupational Therapists in Jordan
Authors: Abu Tariah Hashem Salman , Abu‐Dahab Sana M.N. , Hamed Razan T. , AlHeresh Rawan A. , Arahim Yousef Huda Abed 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the working conditions and factors related to job satisfaction among Jordanian occupational therapists. A self‐administered survey consisting of several questions about the participants' jobs was developed for this study. The inclusion criteria included occupational therapists who worked in the field of occupational therapy (OT) in Jordan and who had at least six months of experience. The survey was distributed to 120 occupational therapists in different OT settings. One hundred and one occupational therapists from different hospitals, centres, schools and universities responded to the survey. Salaries of the participants were low in comparison with the salaries of the rest of healthcare practitioners in Jordan. Chi‐square analysis revealed significant relationship between participants' perceived job satisfaction and the administration of the setting, and between the choice of studying OT and the salary that the participant makes. Most occupational therapists in Jordan are young, have modest experience and work in general OT services in government‐owned facilities or paediatric centres. A sense of dissatisfaction was obvious among the participants. Further studies are needed to explore reasons of work satisfaction and dissatisfaction among occupational therapists in Jordan. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Congenital cytomegalovirus infection and Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome successfully treated with unrelated cord blood transplantation
Authors: Almagor Yotam , Revel‐Vilk Shoshana , Averbuch Diana , Mechoulam Hadas , Engelhard Dan , Resnick Igor B. , Weintraub Michael , Stepensky Polina 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe report a successful umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) in an 8‐month male with Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome (WAS) and congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. The child presented at 3 months of age with symptomatic thrombocytopenia and CMV infection. Despite appropriate antiviral treatment no rise in the platelet count was observed. Genetic analysis confirmed the diagnosis of WAS. The clinical course was complicated by severe CMV retinitis with bilateral retinal hemorrhages and renal vasculitis. He underwent unrelated UCBT resulting in a rapid resolution of autoimmunity and thrombocytopenia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57: 681–683. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vitro fertilization and risk of childhood leukemia in Greece and Sweden
Authors: Petridou Eleni Th , Sergentanis Theodoros N. , Panagopoulou Paraskevi , Moschovi Maria , Polychronopoulou Sophia , Baka Margarita , Pourtsidis Apostolos , Athanassiadou Fani , Kalmanti Maria , Sidi Vasiliki , Dessypris Nick , Frangakis Constantine , Matsoukis Ioannis L. , Stefanadis Christodoulos , Skalkidou Alkistis , Stephansson Olof , Adami Hans‐Olov , Kieler Helle 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackgroundCancer risk in children born after in vitro fertilization (IVF) remains largely unknown. We aimed to investigate risk of leukemia and lymphoma following IVF using two nationwide datasets.MethodsThe hospital‐based case–control study in Greece derived from the National Registry for Childhood Hematological Malignancies (1996–2008, 814 leukemia and 277 lymphoma incident cases with their 1:1 matched controls). The Swedish case–control study was nested in the Swedish Medical Birth Register (MBR) (1995–2007, 520 leukemia and 71 lymphoma cases with their 5,200 and 710 matched controls) with ascertainment of incident cancer cases in the National Cancer Register. Study‐specific and combined odds ratios (OR) were estimated using conditional logistic regression, with adjustment for possible risk factors.ResultsNationwide studies pointed to similar size excess risk of leukemia following IVF, but to a null association between IVF and lymphoma. The proportion of leukemia cases conceived through IVF was 3% in Greece and 2.7% in Sweden; prevalence of IVF in matched controls was 1.8% and 1.6%, respectively. In combined multivariable analyses, the increased risk of leukemia was confined to age below 3.8 years (OR = 2.21; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.27–3.85) and to acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (OR = 1.77; 95% CI: 1.06–2.95) with no sufficient evidence of excess risk for other leukemias (OR = 1.34; 95% CI: 0.38–4.69). Following IVF, OR for ALL was 2.58 (95% CI: 1.37–4.84) before age 3.8 and 4.29 (95% CI: 1.49–12.37) before age 2 years.ConclusionsIVF seems to be associated with increased risk of early onset ALL in the offspring. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 930–936. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Study on the viscosity of polypropylene composites filled with different size and size distribution CaCO3
Authors: Zhang Jun , Fang Jue , Wu Jun‐Li , Wu Juan , Mo Hong , Ma Zhen‐Mao , Zhou Ning‐Lin , Shen Jian 
Published: May 2011

AbstractTwo kinds of different size calcium carbonates are blended and filled into polypropylene in 30 wt%. The melting viscosity of PP composites samples is measured by capillary extrusion rheometer at 230°C. The results show that the melt viscosity of PP composites evidently decreased when that was filled with the blending 325 and 1,500 mesh CaCO3 and the 1,500 mesh proportion in fillers was from 20 to 60 wt%. The viscosity in the low shear velocity decreased more than that in the high shear velocity. The shear viscosity of single filler and filler samples with the size distribution at the different temperature was studied by capillary extrusion rheometer. The results show that the flow activation energy and the flow activation entropy of composites filled with the size distribution filler increased. The change of the flow activation entropy and the model of the efficient arrangement of the structure are used to explain the phenomenon in melting viscosity decrease of PP filled with the size distribution fillers. A structural model of composites that filled with the size distribution fillers was set up. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
A New Method for the Simultaneous Analysis of Strychnine and Brucine in Strychnos nux‐vomica Unprocessed and Processed Seeds Using a Carbon‐paste Electrode Modified with Multi‐walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Behpour Mohsen , Ghoreishi Sayed Mehdi , Khayatkashani Maryam , Motaghedifard Mohamadhasan 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTIntroductionStrychnos nux‐vomica L. (Loganiaceae), widely used in folk medicine, is grown extensively in southern Asian countries. Its major bioactive constituents are strychnine and brucine, which are frequently used in traditional herbal medicines for treatment of nervous diseases, vomiting and traumatic pain.ObjectiveA new method using a carbon‐paste electrode modified with multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (CNT/CPE) was developed and validated for single or simultaneous determination of strychnine and brucine in Strychnos nux‐vomica seeds. Additionally, an environmentally friendly method was successfully applied to reduce the levels of strychnine and brucine in seeds.Materials and methodsCyclic voltammetry, chronocoulometry and differential pulse voltammetry were used with multi‐walled carbon nanotube modified carbon‐paste electrodes.ResultsThe peak currents increase linearly with the strychnine and brucine concentrations in the ranges of 50–1000 and 5–355 µ m, and the detection limits for strychnine and brucine were 0.43 and 0.28 µ m, respectively. Of the processing methods used, the greatest reduction in the strychnine and brucine levels was observed in samples processed using milk and saltwater.ConclusionA new, sensitive and selective method was developed for the measurement of strychnine and brucine. This method was successfully applied to the determination of strychnine and brucine in unprocessed and processed Strychnos nux‐vomica seed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of High Relative Humidity on Dried Plantago lanceolata L. Leaves during Long‐term Storage: Effects on Chemical Composition, Colour and Microbiological Quality
Authors: Gonda Sándor , Tóth László , Gyémánt Gyöngyi , Braun Mihály , Emri Tamás , Vasas Gábor 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTIntroductionModern phytotherapy and quality assurance requires stability data on bioactive metabolites to identify and minimise decomposing factors during processing and storage. A compound's stability in a complex matrix can be different from the stability of the purified compound.ObjectiveTo test the stability of iridoids and acteoside and quantify changes in colour and microbiological quality in a common herbal tea, dried P. lanceolata leaves during exposure to high‐humidity air. To test the contribution of fungi to metabolite decomposition.MethodologyDried P. lanceolata leaves were exposed to atmospheres of different relative humidity (75, 45 and 0%) for 24 weeks. Changes in aucubin and catalpol concentration were determined by CE‐MEKC, and those in acteoside on TLC. Colour and chlorophyll‐like pigments were measured by different spectrophotometric methods. The number of fungi was monitored; 10 strains were isolated from the plant drug, and their ability to decompose the analytes of interest was tested.ResultsDuring incubation at 75% relative humidity (RH), aucubin, catalpol and acteoside concentrations decreased by 95.7, 97.0 and 70.5%, respectively. Strong shifts were detected in CIELAB parameters a* and b* (browning) as a result of conversion of chlorophyll to pheophytin. Intensive microbial proliferation was also observed. Changes at 45 or 0% RH were typically insignificant. Seven of the 10 isolated fungal strains could decompose both iridoids, and five could decompose acteoside in vitro.ConclusionIt was shown that exposure to water results in loss of bioactive molecules of P. lanceolata dried leaves, and that colonising fungi are the key contributors to this loss. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Peroxide cured natural rubber/fluoroelastomer/high‐density polyethylene via dynamic vulcanization
Authors: Yamoun Chamaiporn , Magaraphan Rathanawan 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn this work, blends of fluoroelastomer (FKM), natural rubber (NR) along with high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) by dynamic vulcanization using peroxide (DBPH, DCP) as a curing agent were prepared. HDPE was melt‐mixed with NR and FKM at different compositions (HDPE/FKM/NR i.e. 30/60/10, 30/55/15, 30/50/20, and 30/35/35%wt) using an internal mixer at 150°C and 50 rpm rotor speed. The mechanical properties and oil swelling resistances of these blends were analyzed according to ISO 37 (Type 1) and ASTM D471, respectively. The results suggest that DBPH works better as a curing agent for the dynamic vulcanization system than DCP. The optimum mechanical properties and oil resistance were revealed in 30/50/20 and 30/60/10 HDPE/FKM/NR, being dynamic vulcanized with DBPH, respectively. In addition, was found that a dispersed HDPE phase shows the percent crystallinity in the range of 53% to 55% upon increasing the NR content. The SEM micrographs reveal the NR phase is well dispersed in FKM as small particles. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers .
Copolymerization of propylene with 1‐octene catalyzed by MgCl2/TiCl4/diether catalyst
Authors: Bi Fuyong , He Aihua , Li Huayi , Hu Youliang , He Zhiyuan , Han Charles C 
Published: May 2011

AbstractMgCl2/TiCl4/diether is a fifth‐generation Ziegler–Natta catalyst for the commercial polymerization of propylene. The outstanding features of this catalyst are the high activity and high isotacticity for propylene polymerization without using an external electron donor. In this study, we explored the copolymerization of propylene and 1‐octene with MgCl2/TiCl4/diether catalyst. It was found that MgCl2/TiCl4/diether catalyst showed higher polymerization activity and led to greater 1‐octene content incorporation, compared with a fourth‐generation Ziegler–Natta catalyst (MgCl2/TiCl4/diester). With an increase in 1‐octene incorporation in polypropylene chains, the melting temperature, glass transition temperature and crystallinity of the copolymers decreased distinctly. The microstructures of the copolymers were characterized using 13C NMR spectroscopy, and the copolymer compositions and number‐average sequence lengths were calculated from the dyad concentration and distribution. This result is very important for the in‐reactor polyolefin alloying process, especially for the case of a single catalyst and two‐step (or two‐reactor) process. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Detonation Wave Propagation in Double‐layer Cylindrical High Explosive Charges
Authors: Zhang Xian‐feng , Huang Zheng‐xiang , Qiao Liang 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe flow fields associated with regular and irregular reflections of detonation waves in double‐layer cylindrical (DLC) high explosives (HE) are analyzed, and an analytical model for predicting the detonation wave configurations is proposed. Regular reflection and three‐shock Mach reflection during detonation wave propagation are discussed. Calculated results of pressure, flow velocity, and specific volume are presented and the Mach stem height is also determined based on mass conservation. The corresponding numerical simulation based on the Lee–Tarver model is developed to generate data comparable with an ordinary cylindrical charge. It is shown that steady convergent detonation wave propagation occurs in the DLC charge. The maximum pressure up to 4.0 times of Chapman–Jouguet (CJ) pressure is reached at the collision point related to the Mach reflection, and the predictions based on the proposed model correlate well with corresponding numerical results.
Growth variation among Bacillus thuringiensis strains can affect screening procedures for supernatant‐secreted toxins against insect pests
Authors: Argôlo Filho Ronaldo C , Gomes Rafael A , Barreto Marliton R , de P Lana UG , Valicente Fernando H , Loguercio Leandro L 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Supernatant‐secreted proteins in Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) (Bt) with insecticidal activity provide an important source of information for discovery of new useful strains and/or entomotoxins. However, physiological variation among isolates might interfere in the detection efficiency of screening procedures on Bt collections. The aim of this study was to assess the magnitude of this variation in a sample of isolates from a tropical Bt collection, which was gauged through the assessment of their temporal patterns of growth and protein secretion in culture supernatants (SNs), as well as of the corresponding toxicity against fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda, JE Smith). Feeding bioassays were performed, with larvae being treated with heated and non‐heated total protein extracted from SNs collected at different culture times. Larva mortality and reduction in pupa formation were observed.RESULTS: Intra‐ and interisolate variations were observed in the temporal patterns of growth, quality and quantity of protein secreted, as well as in insecticidal activity of these SNs, based on larvae mortality and pupation rates. These results suggest that the insecticidal potential of certain isolates can be hidden if comparisons are done on the basis of the same number of cells in the culture and/or the same culturing time.CONCLUSIONS: Methods of screening Bt collections on the basis of feeding bioassays can be misleading with regards to identifying more promising isolates for biocontrol purposes if physiological differences are not considered. The consequences and implications of these findings for the development of experimental systems that depend on toxicity bioassays to identify alternative Bt strains and entomotoxins with practical applicability have been discussed. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of Mn doping on the magnetic properties of the post‐annealed Fe48Pt52‐C composite films
Authors: Mi W. B. , Jin J. , Bai H. L. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract(Fe48Pt52)1–xMnx‐C composite films with differentxwere fabricated using magnetron sputtering and post‐annealing at 550 °C. Proper Mn doping can improve the ordering of the face‐centered tetragonal (fct) FePt grains. The lattice constant ratio (c/a) first decreases, then increases with the increasingx. Atx = 2.1%, the minimumc/aof 0.964 and the maximum ordering degree of 0.96 were obtained. All of the films are hard ferromagnetic. The maximum room‐temperature coercivity of the films is 7.5 kOe atx = 2.1% and 10‐kOe field, and the coercivity decreases from 13.3 kOe at 20 K to 10.1 kOe at 300 K under a 90‐kOe field. The reversal mechanism of the films is the coexistence of the domain wall motion and Stoner–Wolhfarth (S‐W) rotation modes.