bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Annexin A1: A Central Player in the Anti-Inflammatory and Neuroprotective Role of Microglia
Authors: McArthur Simon , Cristante Enrico , Paterno Mario , Christian Helen , Roncaroli Federico , Gillies Glenda E. , Solito Egle 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
The brain microenvironment is continuously monitored by microglia with the detection of apoptotic cells or pathogens being rapidly followed by their phagocytosis to prevent inflammatory responses. The protein annexin A1 (ANXA1) is key to the phagocytosis of apoptotic leukocytes during peripheral inflammatory resolution, but the pathophysiological significance of its expression in the CNS that is restricted almost exclusively to microglia is unclear. In this study, we test the hypothesis that ANXA1 is important in the microglial clearance of apoptotic neurons in both noninflammatory and inflammatory conditions. We have identified ANXA1 to be sparingly expressed in microglia of normally aged human brains and to be more strongly expressed in Alzheimer’s disease. Using an in vitro model comprising microglial and neuronal cell lines, as well as primary microglia from wild-type and ANXA1 null mice, we have identified two distinct roles for microglial ANXA1: 1) controlling the noninflammatory phagocytosis of apoptotic neurons and 2) promoting resolution of inflammatory microglial activation. In particular, we showed that microglial-derived ANXA1 targets apoptotic neurons, serving as both an “eat me” signal and a bridge between phosphatidylserine on the dying cell and formyl peptide receptor 2 on the phagocytosing microglia. Moreover, inflammatory activation of microglia impairs their ability to discriminate between apoptotic and nonapoptotic cells, an ability restored by exogenous ANXA1. We thus show that ANXA1 is fundamental for brain homeostasis, and we suggest that ANXA1 and its peptidomimetics can be novel therapeutic targets in neuroinflammation.
Evidence That the Erythrocyte Invasion Ligand PfRh2 is a Target of Protective Immunity against Plasmodium falciparum Malaria
Authors: Reiling Linda , Richards Jack S. , Fowkes Freya J. I. , Barry Alyssa E. , Triglia Tony , Chokejindachai Watcharee , Michon Pascal , Tavul Livingstone , Siba Peter M. , Cowman Alan F. , Mueller Ivo , Beeson James G. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Abs targeting blood-stage Ags of Plasmodium falciparum are important in acquired immunity to malaria, but major targets remain unclear. The P. falciparum reticulocyte-binding homologs (PfRh) are key ligands used by merozoites during invasion of erythrocytes. PfRh2a and PfRh2b are functionally important members of this family and may be targets of protective immunity, but their potential role in human immunity has not been examined. We expressed eight recombinant proteins covering the entire PfRh2 common region, as well as PfRh2a- and PfRh2b-specific regions. Abs were measured among a cohort of 206 Papua New Guinean children who were followed prospectively for 6 mo for reinfection and malaria. At baseline, Abs were associated with increasing age and active infection. High levels of IgG to all PfRh2 protein constructs were strongly associated with protection from symptomatic malaria and high-density parasitemia. The predominant IgG subclasses were IgG1 and IgG3, with little IgG2 and IgG4 detected. To further understand the significance of PfRh2 as an immune target, we analyzed PfRh2 sequences and found that polymorphisms are concentrated in an N-terminal region of the protein and seem to be under diversifying selection, suggesting immune pressure. Cluster analysis arranged the sequences into two main groups, suggesting that many of the haplotypes identified may be antigenically similar. These findings provide evidence suggesting that PfRh2 is an important target of protective immunity in humans and that Abs act by controlling blood-stage parasitemia and support its potential for vaccine development.
Effect of fillers on morphological properties and wear characteristics of XNBR/NR blends
Authors: Pal Kaushik , Pal Samir K. , Das Chapal K. , Kim Jin Kuk 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe blends of carboxylated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (XNBR) and natural rubber (NR) were prepared using a blending technique in the presence of different types of carbon black. The effect of filler on morphological and wear characteristics was studied. ISAF N234 carbon black showed a significant effect on curing, mechanical, and thermal studies. The DIN abrader results showed high abrasion resistant properties of 80 wt % NR and 20 wt % XNBR with ISAF N234. The rubber compound containing 40 wt % of NR and 60 wt % of XNBR with ISAF N234 is found to be the toughest rubber against all types of rock. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 120:710–718, 2011
Meiotic versus mitotic recombination: Two different routes for double‐strand break repair
Authors: Andersen Sabrina L. , Sekelsky Jeff 
Published: October 2010

AbstractStudies in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have validated the major features of the double‐strand break repair (DSBR) model as an accurate representation of the pathway through which meiotic crossovers (COs) are produced. This success has led to this model being invoked to explain double‐strand break (DSB) repair in other contexts. However, most non‐crossover (NCO) recombinants generated during S. cerevisiae meiosis do not arise via a DSBR pathway. Furthermore, it is becoming increasingly clear that DSBR is a minor pathway for recombinational repair of DSBs that occur in mitotically‐proliferating cells and that the synthesis‐dependent strand annealing (SDSA) model appears to describe mitotic DSB repair more accurately. Fundamental dissimilarities between meiotic and mitotic recombination are not unexpected, since meiotic recombination serves a very different purpose (accurate chromosome segregation, which requires COs) than mitotic recombination (repair of DNA damage, which typically generates NCOs).
Cellulose solvent‐based biomass pretreatment breaks highly ordered hydrogen bonds in cellulose fibers of switchgrass
Authors: Sathitsuksanoh Noppadon , Zhu Zhiguang , Wi Sungsool , Percival Zhang Y.‐H. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe switchgrass (SG) samples pretreated by cellulose solvent‐ and organic solvent‐based lignocellulose fractionation were characterized by enzymatic hydrolysis, substrate accessibility assay, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), cross polarization/magic angle spinning (CP/MAS) 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Glucan digestibility of the pretreated SG was 89% at hour 36 at one filter paper unit of cellulase per gram of glucan. Crystallinity index (CrI) of pure cellulosic materials and SG before and after cellulose solvent‐based pretreatment were determined by XRD and NMR. CrI values varied greatly depending on measurement techniques, calculation approaches, and sample drying conditions, suggesting that the effects of CrI data obtained from dried samples on enzymatic hydrolysis of hydrated cellulosic materials should be interpreted with caution. Fast hydrolysis rates and high glucan digestibilities for pretreated SG were mainly attributed to a 16.3‐fold increase in cellulose accessibility to cellulase from 0.49 to 8.0 m2/g biomass, because the highly ordered hydrogen‐bonding networks in cellulose fibers of biomass were broken through cellulose dissolution in a cellulose solvent, as evidenced by CP/MAS 13C‐NMR and FTIR. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011; 108:521–529. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A unique phenotypic modification of Lactococcus lactis cultivated in a couette bioreactor
Authors: Douaire Maëlle , Mercade Myriam , Morchain Jérôme , Loubière Pascal 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBatch cultures of Lactococcus lactis NCDO 2118 and IL 1403 were performed in a Couette bioreactor operated in the modulated wavy vortex flow and the turbulent regimes. This study provides an overall analysis taking into account both mechanical stress and mixing in a Couette bioreactor. A unique phenotypic aspect has been proved to occur only in the modulated wavy vortex flow regime for the two studied strains, namely that the cells become entrapped in a filamentous form. No change in the metabolic behavior of the cells has been observed. The polymeric matrix has been microscopically observed through FISH and fluorescent lectin binding, showing cells entrapped in a glycoconjugate matrix. All hypotheses regarding insufficient mixing as a cause of this phenotype have been discarded, leading to the conclusion that this particular phenotypic feature is essentially due a combined effect of mechanical stress and flow structure. Particle size measurement during the fermentation course indicates that formation of filamentous form results from a continuous aggregation started in the early stages of the cultivation. According to our results a minimum shear is required to induce the ability for cells to aggregate. Then, it appears that both flow structure and mechanical stress (shear) are responsible for the appearance of such a filamentous form. As far as the authors know, this is the first experimental evidence of a bio polymerization induced by the flow structure. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011; 108:559–571. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thermal modelling and analysis of high‐voltage insulated power cables under transient loads
Authors: Aras Faruk , Biçen Yunus 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis article presents a simple thermal model for transient analysis of high‐voltage underground power cables based on proper ladder diagram at MATLAB–Simulink software under various operating conditions for engineering students. Available commercial programs created with commercial worries are not suitable for students during the learning process, which involve different applications on power cable analysis. The model gives an opportunity for students to solve the often‐faced transient problems in utilities. The transient model of the underground power cable system using the analytic procedures based on IEC60853 standards is presented with an example solution of the 154 kV power cable in service in Turkish transmission system in this article. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 21: 516–529, 2013
Visualizing Electric Discharges and Backspray of Dust Layers in Electrofilters
Authors: Majid M. , Rojek A. , Wiggers H. , Walzel P. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBeim Betrieb von Elektrofiltern tritt unter bestimmten Bedingungen unerwünschtes Redispergieren bereits abgeschiedener Partikel auf. Dies führt zu einer Verschlechterung der Abscheidung. Es werden Ergebnisse der optischen Untersuchung von Partikelbewegungen einer Flugasche während einer elektrischen Entladung auf die Staubschicht und beim Rücksprühen aus der Staubschicht präsentiert. Die Experimente wurden mit einer Spitze‐Platte‐Staubwiderstandsmessanlage durchgeführt.
Raman Spectroscopy on Single Levitated Particles
Authors: Esen C. , Šurbek M. , Baer S. , Ostendorf A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDiese Arbeit stellt einige Anwendungen der Raman‐Spektroskopie an levitierten Einzelpartikeln vor, womit ein Einblick in die vielfältigen Möglichkeiten dieser Kombination gegeben werden soll. Die Levitation der Partikel erfolgt mit den drei am meisten eingesetzten Levitationstechniken, nämlich akustische, elektrodynamische und optische Levitation. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Raman‐Spektroskopie von der Identifizierung von Substanzen über Verfolgung von Phasengleichgewichten bis hin zur on line und in situ Verfolgung von chemischen Reaktionen eingesetzt werden kann. Daneben können aus dem Raman‐Spektrum Informationen über die Partikelform oder ‐morphologie gewonnen werden.
Modelle für Auswahlkriterien zukünftiger Chemielehramts‐Studierender
Authors: Risch Björn 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIm Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts „Teaching Chemistry around the World“ wird der Chemieunterricht in 25 Ländern analysiert. Dabei fällt auf, dass insbesondere die bei den Vergleichsstudien PISA und TIMSS erfolgreichen Länder auf umfangreiche Selektionsverfahren bei der Auswahl angehender Lehramts‐Studierender setzen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden einige der international praktizierten Auswahlverfahren vorgestellt. Sie bilden die Basis für die anschließende Diskussion, ob und ggf. welche (Selektions‐)Instrumente auch in Deutschland zielführend eingesetzt werden können.
Abnormalities of Motor Behavior After Cortical Lesions in Humans
Authors: Freund Hans‐Joachim 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Frontal LobeAblation of Prefrontal CortexFrontal Motor FieldsDisturbances of Movement ExecutionFunctional Considerations on Pyramidal Syndrome in HumansSupplementary Motor AreaLesions of Premotor CortexFunctional Significance of Premotor Cortex for Proximal Musculature Control and Interlimb CoordinationFrontal Eye FieldsOutput Organization of Frontal Agranular Motor AreasParietal LobeSensory DeficitsMotor Dysfunction After Parietal LesionsTemporal LobeOccipital LobeMotor Coordination After CommissurotomyObservations in Patients After HemispherectomyApraxiasHistorical AspectsDistribution of the Apraxias in Different Body PartsConcept of Disconnection SyndromesApraxia and Left HemisphereApproach Toward a Functional Analysis of Movement DisordersEffects of Sensory Disturbances Due to Cortical Lesions on Motor FunctionSensory‐Motor and Motor‐Sensory Interaction: Hand as a Sense OrganPosterior Apraxias as Disorders of Sensory‐Motor IntegrationAnatomical ConsiderationsTemporal Aspects of Motor ControlSummary and Conclusions
Ultrastructure of Vascular Smooth Muscle
Authors: Somlyo Avril V. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Contractile ApparatusFilamentsDense Bodies and Surface PatchesExtracellular and Cell‐to‐Cell Connections: Mechanical CouplingOrganellesSarcoplasmic ReticulumSurface VesiclesGolgi Apparatus and Other Intracellular OrganellesCell Junctions: Electrical and Metabolic CouplingStructureFunction
Vascular Mechanics
Authors: Dobrin Philip B. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Behavior of Arteries in VivoCircumferential Properties of ArteriesRelaxed ArteriesContracted ArteriesLongitudinal Properties of ArteriesElastic CharacteristicsIntimal Shear StressesRadial Properties of ArteriesElastic CharacteristicsMechanics and Wall NutritionSpecial Aspects of Vascular MechanicsBaroreceptorsArteries of Hypertensive SubjectsAtherosclerotic ArteriesMultidirectional Properties of ArteriesAnalytic AssumptionsIncremental AnalysisFinite‐Deformation Analysis
Fine needle aspiration cytology of myositis ossificans
Authors: Barwad Adarsh , Banik Tarak , Gorsi Ujjwal , Dey Pranab 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn this case report, we described the fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of myositis ossificans (MO) in a young boy. The patient presented with a painful hard mass in the upper right thigh and restricted range of motion around hip joint since 2 weeks. He had history of trauma. Computerized tomographic (CT) scan showed a heterogeneous mass in the upper part of quadriceps with peripheral areas of calcification and central hyperlucency. The FNAC smear of MO shows fibroblasts, osteoblasts, multinucleated giant cells, degenerated muscle cells and osteoid. Clinical presentation along with cytology and radiologic findings are helpful to diagnose this entity. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A novel high‐resolution chipCE assay for rapid detection of EGFR gene mutations and amplifications in lung cancer therapy by a combination of fragment analysis, denaturing CE and MLPA
Authors: Minarik Marek , Gassman Marcus , Belsanova Barbora , Pesek Milos , Schouten Jan , Chudoba Richard , Gas Bohuslav , Benesova Lucie 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThere is a growing interest in evaluating molecular markers as predictors of response to new generation of targeted cancer therapies. One of such areas is biological therapy targeting epidermal growth factor receptor gene (EGFR) in lung cancer. The testing of tumor tissue is focused on specific EGFR mutations and EGFR gene amplification, since tumors exhibiting positivity of either of the two marker types are highly sensitive towards the treatment. Although traditional methods of DNA sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization are still in use for the detection of EGFR mutations and gene amplification, respectively, there is a need for new dedicated techniques with the primary emphasis on simplicity, sensitivity, speed and cost effectiveness. The main purpose of this work was to integrate diverse assays for both EGFR tests onto a single platform to eliminate the need for different instruments and separate processing. We demonstrate a chip capillary electrophoresis (chipCE) application for EGFR mutation detection by a combination of fragment analysis and denaturing CE along with multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) for evaluation of EGFR amplification. All separations are carried out in denaturing sieving polymer on a modified Bioanalyzer 2100 chipCE instrument running at temperatures of up to 65°C. The main strength of the resulting high‐resolution chipCE application is in its simplicity, speed of analysis and minimal amount of sample required for complete testing of EGFR status. Such an approach could potentially fit medium throughput laboratories providing molecular pathology services for clinical oncologists with fast turnaround times and limited consumption of tissue material.
Global analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the exons of human deoxyribonuclease I‐like 1 and 2 genes
Authors: Fujihara Junko , Yasuda Toshihiro , Iida Reiko , Kimura‐Kataoka Kaori , Soejima Mikiko , Koda Yoshiro , Kato Hideaki , Panduro Arturo , Yuasa Isao , Takeshita Haruo 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSeveral SNPs in the deoxyribonuclease I‐like 1 (DNase 1L1) and DNase 1L2 were investigated. In the present study, the genotype distributions of three synonymous SNPs (V59V, rs1050095; P67P, rs1130929; A277A, rs17849495) in the DNase 1L1 gene and four non‐synonymous SNPs, V122I (rs34952165), Q170H (rs6643670), and D227A (rs5987256) in the DNase 1L1 gene, as well as D197A (rs62621282) in the DNase 1L2 gene were investigated in 13 populations. In all the populations, no variation was found in four SNPs (V59V, Q170H, D227A, and A277A) in DNASE1L1 or in D197A in DNASE1L2. As for V122I, only the German population showed a low degree of polymorphism. The SNP V122I in DNASE1L1 was monoallelic for the G‐allele in all of the Asian and African populations examined, with no polymorphism being evident. Since the A‐allele in SNP V122I was distributed in only the Caucasian populations, not in the other ethnic groups, it was confirmed that the A‐allele in SNP V122I was Caucasian‐specific. On the other hand, only P67P in DNASE1L1 was polymorphic among three synonymous SNPs. The effect of nucleotide substitution corresponding to polymorphic SNP P67P on DNase 1L1 activity was examined: the corresponding nucleotide substitution in polymorphic SNP P67P has little effect on the DNase activity.
Analysis of carbonaceous biomarkers with the Mars Organic Analyzer microchip capillary electrophoresis system: Aldehydes and ketones
Authors: Stockton Amanda M. , Tjin Caroline Chandra , Huang Grace L. , Benhabib Merwan , Chiesl Thomas N. , Mathies Richard A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA microchip CE method is developed for the analysis of two oxidized forms of carbon, aldehydes and ketones, with the Mars Organic Analyzer (MOA). Fluorescent derivitization is achieved in ∼15 min by hydrazone formation with Cascade Blue hydrazide in 30 mM borate pH 5–6. The microchip CE separation and analysis method is optimized via separation in 30 mM borate buffer, pH 9.5, at 20°C. A carbonyl standard consisting of ten aldehydes and ketones found in extraterrestrial matter is successfully separated; the resulting LOD depends on the reactivity of the compound and range from 70 pM for formaldehyde to 2 μM for benzophenone. To explore the utility of this method for analyzing complex samples, analyses of several fermented beverages are conducted, identifying ten aldehydes and ketones ranging from 30 nM to 5 mM. A Martian regolith simulant sample, consisting of a basalt matrix spiked with soluble ions and acetone, is designed and analyzed, but acetone is found to have a limited detectable lifetime under simulant Martian conditions. This work establishes the capability of the MOA for studying aldehydes and ketones, a critical class of oxidized organic molecules of interest in planetary and in terrestrial environmental and health studies.
Development tendencies in mechanised tunnelling – Review and development tendencies for shield machines with slurry and earth pressure support /
Authors: Lehmann Gebhard , Bäppler Karin 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe demand for efficient tunnels for traffic and utilities is increasing as living space above ground becomes scarce. This requires mechanized tunnelling technology, which sets standards regarding safety, profitability and environmental protection – in traffic tunnelling and in the trenchless construction of utility tunnels such as sewer, water supply, and cable tunnels, or oil and gas pipelines. Different types of machines and working principles have been developed to master the geological and hydrological requirements of tunnelling projects worldwide. Continuous research and development activities have lead to a constant improvement of tunnelling performance; today's TBM technology is therefore capable of handling unstable face conditions with water pressures up to 15 bar. This paper gives an overview of the development steps and of state‐of‐the‐art tunnelling equipment for soft ground application, examines the feasibility of tunnel visions and highlights the innovative and current design approaches for today's specific project requirements.Der Bedarf an leistungsfähigen Verkehrs‐ und Versorgungstunneln steigt mit der Verknappung des Lebensraums an der Erdoberfläche. Dies erfordert eine mechanisierte Tunnelbautechnologie, die Maßstäbe hinsichtlich Sicherheit, Wirtschaftlichkeit und Umweltschutz setzt – sowohl im untertägigen Verkehrswegebau als auch im grabenlosen Bau von Versorgungstunneln wie Abwasserkanälen, Wasser‐ und Leitungstunnel oder Öl‐ und Gasleitungen. Um die geologischen und hydrologischen Herausforderungen von Tunnelbauprojekten auf der ganzen Welt zu bewältigen, wurden unterschiedliche Maschinentypen mir verschiedenen Arbeitsmodi entwickelt. Permanente Forschung und Entwicklung führten zu einer steten Verbesserung der Vortriebsleistung; die heutige TBM‐Technologie kann demzufolge auch Situationen mit instabiler Ortsbrust und Wasserdrücken bis zu 15 bar erfolgreich meistern. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die Entwicklungsschritte und den Stand der Technik der Tunnelvortriebstechnik im Lockermaterial, bietet einen Ausblick auf zukünftige Entwicklungen und hebt die innovativen und aktuellen Konstruktionsansätze für jüngst durchgeführte Projekt mit spezifischen Anforderungen hervor.