bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dispute Handling Capability: Morphology and Modalities — Development of a Model
Authors: Rai Himanshu 
Published: February 2012

Dispute handling capability is a critical resource in society given that disputes are an ever present reality in social, economic and political activity spheres. Over the years, there has been a surfeit of scholarly endeavour in the social sciences and in applied fields of research in understanding the morphology and substance of disputes. The main contribution of the current study to this genre of research would be to examine one important aspect of this area of research — dispute handling capability. The study has been carried out in the discovery mode and is an exploratory study since repeated literature searches before, during and after this study have yielded little information about this construct, although there is considerable work on disputes and dispute resolution. The study to conceptualize Dispute Handling Capability and propose its modalities, took a 3-phase approach. In Phase 1, relevant studies were scanned to gain some insights into the concept of dispute handling capability. Subsequently, in Phase 2, the study analysed 30 incidents from the Mahabharata. Incidents of disputes were outlined, described, analysed, and insights were drawn from them to further sharpen the understanding of the phenomenon and to generate items for its measurement. Armed with sharper understanding of dispute handling capability, in Phase 3, an interview checklist, was created and a connection was made with subjects through exploratory interviews. The study has identified the Morphology of Dispute Handling Capability (DHC) in terms of five dimensions — Artfulness, Diplomacy, Detachedness, Fair Mindedness and Sagacity. Further the study also tried to capture the modalities of DHC in terms of its correlates. The study suggests that socio-economic correlates in terms of age, work experience, gender, marital status, number of children, caste, education, family income, and personality type could be correlated with DHC. Among organizational correlates, organizational culture, presence of union, product type, organizational profile and organizational workforce profile could be correlated with DHC. Dispute Handling Training is also expected to be correlated with DHC. These correlates would help in understanding DHC modalities in the social and organizational spheres. The study is a pioneering endeavour to examine the concept of dispute handling capability (DHC) and to identify the socio-economic and organizational correlates of DHC. From the practitioner's point of view, the study will help in diagnosing DHC of individuals, which can form the basis of mentoring and coaching programmes designed to develop these capabilities in executives.
Entrepreneurship: A Perspective and Strategic Dimensions
Authors: Prasad Lakshman 
Published: February 2012

This article deals with many pertinent facets of the entrepreneurial community stressing that ‘entrepreneur’ is yet to be fully defined in the emerging outlook of business and non-business sectors combined, together with a common denominator of innovation. How to sow entrepreneurship in the Indian context, inculcate entrepreneurial culture and bridge sub-regional imbalances on this score are the highlights of this article. It revisits entrepreneurship while strategising for managing small businesses through appropriate technology option, resource mobilization, planning initiatives and gearing up with market realities. “The entrepreneurs sustain the world. In their careers, there is little of optimizing calculation, nothing of delicate balance of markets. They overthrow establishments rather than establish equilibria. They are the heroes of economic life”. George Gilder (‘The Spirit of Enterprise’)
Benchmarking on HR Scorecard in the Hospitality Industry
Authors: Shankari L. , Suja S. 
Published: February 2012

The hospitality industry in India has earned a good name and carved its niche internationally on account of the world class accommodation services provided by the Indian hotels. The credit of this skyrocketing growth goes to the emergence of Indian hotel chains and the entrance of global players thereof. The competition has ensured quality fast and efficient service and professional approach at the most reasonable costs. These Indian hotel chains have spread their branches in the major tourist destinations in India as well as abroad. This feature has not only increased the tourist traffic but also offered the existing tourists varied and nice accommodation options. One of the leading Indian hotel chains is Taj Group of hotels, Oberoi Group of Hotels, ITC Welcomgroup Hotels and Leela Hotels. The present study was to analyze the performance of strategic business units of Taj Group of Hotels. An analysis of HR Scorecard of these SBUs (Luxury, Business and Leisure) were done, with specific reference to financial perspectives. The purpose of HR scorecard on financial perspective is to Maximize Human Capital and minimize HR Costs. This was calculated with the help of financial ratios and the conclusions were drawn. The same analysis was also done for competitors (Oberoi and Leela). Based on the findings, the company's performance was benchmarked with that of the competitors.
Marketing to Indian Rural Women: Challenge, Opportunity and Strategy
Authors: Kar Sudhanshu Sekhar , Kumar Dhananjay 
Published: February 2012

“The future lies with those companies who see the poor as their customers.” C. K. Prahalad There was a time when a rural consumer used to travel longer distance to consume particular branded goods and services. Only selected consumers consumed branded goods and services. But due to globalization the scenario has been changed. Now a customer is king and due to the economy, he/she prefers branded goods and services which give more value. Before globalization only big companies were able to capture the rural market to establish their brands and services. But in the present scenario the rural market is very critical for every marketer whether FMGG, IT or automobile brands. Women are the world's most powerful consumers. They are big spender, when we are talking about household items, corporate purchasing, or small business. This is not happening only in the urban but also in rural market. In the past, men used to take the decision to purchase any goods or services but now scenario has changed and mostly decisions are taken by rural women. The rural women are very sensitive and careful regarding their purchasing process. So marketers must know the perception and mindset of the rural women for survival of their products in the rural market.
Teacher as a Change Agent and Community Worker — A Co-relational Study on Organizational Climate and Teacher Morale in the High Schools of Jharkhand
Authors: Chirayath Susan 
Published: February 2012

The present study entitled “Teacher as a change agent and community worker- A co- relational study on organizational climate and teacher morale in the high schools of Jharkhand” is intended to find out the type of organizational climate prevailing in the high schools of Jharkhand, morale of teachers working in those schools and the nature and extent of relationship between them. It was thought desirable to give a brief account of the theoretical framework of the concept and the various dimensions of organizational climate and teacher morale followed by review of related studies. They arc presented in the first two sections with the following purposes: (1) for identifying the problem and its significance; (2) for formulating workable hypotheses to be tested in this investigation; and (3) for interpreting the results of the study.
Factors Influencing Job Satisfaction: A Study on the Technical Institutions in Chhattisgarh
Authors: Jeswani Saket , Dave Sumita , Praveer Saket Ranjan 
Published: February 2012

Globalisation has created a cutthroat competition among the major players. Organisations are indulged in tempting the customers. They are offering tremendous benefit schemes in order to win a considerable level of customer satisfaction. But this customer satisfaction cannot be compared with the employee satisfaction as the employees play the key role and without whose effort the organisation cannot develop and survive in the market. A study has been conducted on the teachers of technical institutions to evaluate the factors which influence job satisfaction. The paper attempts at finding out the relationship among the various factors as well as significant differences among them.
HR Framework for Winning in Economic Upswing: Content Analysis
Authors: Agrawal Swati 
Published: February 2012

“In recession, HR should coach leaders to make prudent business decisions. Some of this means redesigning HR practices.…………Finally, HR needs to conceive of the future after the recession so that their organization is better positioned to go forward.” (David Ulrich, 2009) After the worst hit recession since great depression, world economy is on recovery phase. Asian economies are fastest in this trajectory of recovery. In this recent scenario, organizations are witnessing that along with the opportunities, new challenges are unfolding. During the crisis and slowdown, mostly organizations adopted the strategy of cost cutting, resulting in far reaching implications on people in the organizations. Human resources were the most affected with the crisis and the strategy of cost cutting during recession. Today with another phase in business cycle, again the key issue in front of the organizations is people issue resulting from broken psychological contract. The purpose of the paper is to outline the challenges unfolding during recovery in managing employees. Based on the content analysis and interview with HR professionals, researcher makes an attempt to create conceptual framework of HR strategies to manage employees during recovery which can be a source to consider in making human resource decisions in organizations in contemporary time.
Measuring Managerial Skills using a Forced-Choice Questionnaire
Authors: Ghosh Anjali 
Published: February 2012

A forced-choice scale for measuring managerial skills was developed to estimate five types of managerial skills namely, decision making, leadership, conceptual ability, human relations and communication. There were 70 items in the scale presented in triadic form. Triads were formed by matching preference values of the items. Scoring keys were developed through repeated item analysis. The reliability and concurrent validity of the scales were found to be quite satisfactory. A factor analysis of the scales revealed two basic factors underlying the managerial skills, namely: (1) Planning and Analytical ability, and (2) Organizing and Directing ability. The validity studies conducted in the present investigation are concurrent in nature. It would be good if the predictive validity of the scale is established.
On the viability of Escherichia colicells lacking DNA topoisomerase I
Authors: Stockum Anna , Lloyd Robert G , Rudolph Christian J 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundManipulations of the DNA double helix during replication, transcription and other nucleic acid processing cause a change of DNA topology, which results in torsional stress. This stress is relaxed by DNA topoisomerases, a class of enzymes present in all domains of life. Negatively supercoiled DNA is relaxed by type IA topoisomerases that are widespread in bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes. InEscherichia colithere is conflicting data about viability ofΔtopAcells lacking topoisomerase I.ResultsIn this study we sought to clarify whetherE. colicells lacking topoisomerase I are viable by using a plasmid-based lethality assay that allowed us to investigate the phenotype ofΔtopAcells without the presence of any compensatory mutations. Our results show that cells lacking topoisomerase I show an extreme growth defect and cannot be cultured without the accumulation of compensatory mutations. This growth defect can be partially suppressed by overexpression of topoisomerase III, the other type IA topoisomerase inE. coli, suggesting that the accumulation of torsional stress is, at least partially, responsible for the lethality ofΔtopAcells. The absence of RNase HI strongly exacerbates the phenotype of cells lacking topoisomerase I, which supports the idea that the processing of RNA:DNA hybrids is vitally important inΔtopAcells. However, we did not observe suppression of theΔtopAphenotype by increasing the level of R-loop processing enzymes, such as RNase HI or RecG.ConclusionsOur data show unambiguously thatE. colicells are not viable in the absence of DNA topoisomerase I without the presence of compensatory mutations. Furthermore, our data suggest that the accumulation of R-loops is not the primary reason for the severe growth defect of cells lacking topoisomerase I, which is in contrast to the current literature. Potential reasons for this discrepancy are discussed.
Isolation and genomic analysis of circulating tumor cells from castration resistant metastatic prostate cancer
Authors: Magbanua Mark Jesus M , Sosa Eduardo V , Scott Janet H , Simko Jeff , Collins Colin , Pinkel Dan , Ryan Charles J , Park John W 
Published: February 2012

Abstract

Background
The number of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in metastatic prostate cancer patients provides prognostic and predictive information. However, it is the molecular characterization of CTCs that offers insight into the biology of these tumor cells in the context of personalized treatment.

Methods
We developed a novel approach to isolate CTCs away from hematopoietic cells with high purity, enabling genomic analysis of these cells. The isolation protocol involves immunomagnetic enrichment followed by fluorescence activated cell sorting (IE/FACS). To evaluate the feasibility of isolation of CTCs by IE/FACS and downstream genomic profiling, we conducted a pilot study in patients with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Twenty (20) sequential CRPC patients were assayed using CellSearch™. Twelve (12) patients positive for CTCs were subjected to immunomagnetic enrichment and fluorescence activated cell sorting (IE/FACS) to isolate CTCs. Genomic DNA of CTCs was subjected to whole genome amplification (WGA) followed by gene copy number analysis via array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH).

Results
CTCs from nine (9) patients successfully profiled were observed to have multiple copy number aberrations including those previously reported in primary prostate tumors such as gains in 8q and losses in 8p. High-level copy number gains at the androgen receptor (AR) locus were observed in 7 (78%) cases. Comparison of genomic profiles between CTCs and archival primary tumors from the same patients revealed common lineage. However, high-level copy number gains in the AR locus were observed in CTCs, but not in the matched archival primary tumors.

Conclusions
We developed a new approach to isolate prostate CTCs without significant leukocyte admixture, and to subject them to genome-wide copy number analysis. Our assay may be utilized to explore genomic events involved in cancer progression, e.g. development of castration resistance and to monitor therapeutic efficacy of targeted therapies in clinical trials in a relatively non-invasive manner.
Metalorganic chemical vapor deposition growth of InAs/GaSb type II superlattices with controllable As
x
Sb1-xinterfaces
Authors: Li Li-Gong , Liu Shu-Man , Luo Shuai , Yang Tao , Wang Li-Jun , Liu Feng-Qi , Ye Xiao-Ling , Xu Bo , Wang Zhan-Guo 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
InAs/GaSb type II superlattices were grown on (100) GaSb substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). A plane of mixed As and Sb atoms connecting the InAs and GaSb layers was introduced to compensate the tensile strain created by the InAs layer in the SL. Characterizations of the samples by atomic force microscopy and high-resolution X-ray diffraction demonstrate flat surface morphology and good crystalline quality. The lattice mismatch of approximately 0.18% between the SL and GaSb substrate is small compared to the MOCVD-grown supperlattice samples reported to date in the literature. Considerable optical absorption in 2- to 8-μm infrared region has been realized.

PACS: 78.67.Pt; 81.15.Gh; 63.22.Np; 81.05.Ea
Dipeptidyl peptidase IV, aminopeptidase N and DPIV/APN-like proteases in cerebral ischemia
Authors: Röhnert Peter , Schmidt Werner , Emmerlich Patrick , Goihl Alexander , Wrenger Sabine , Bank Ute , Nordhoff Karsten , Täger Michael , Ansorge Siegfried , Reinhold Dirk , Striggow Frank 
Published: February 2012

Abstract

Background
Cerebral inflammation is a hallmark of neuronal degeneration. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV, aminopeptidase N as well as the dipeptidyl peptidases II, 8 and 9 and cytosolic alanyl-aminopeptidase are involved in the regulation of autoimmunity and inflammation. We studied the expression, localisation and activity patterns of these proteases after endothelin-induced occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in rats, a model of transient and unilateral cerebral ischemia.

Methods
Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and protease activity assays were performed at different time points, lasting from 2 h to 7 days after cerebral ischemia. The effect of protease inhibitors on ischemia-dependent infarct volumes was quantified 7 days post middle cerebral artery occlusion. Statistical analysis was conducted using the t-test.

Results
Qualitative RT-PCR revealed these proteases in ipsilateral and contralateral cortices. Dipeptidyl peptidase II and aminopeptidase N were up-regulated ipsilaterally from 6 h to 7 days post ischemia, whereas dipeptidyl peptidase 9 and cytosolic alanyl-aminopeptidase were transiently down-regulated at day 3. Dipeptidyl peptidase 8 and aminopeptidase N immunoreactivities were detected in cortical neurons of the contralateral hemisphere. At the same time point, dipeptidyl peptidase IV, 8 and aminopeptidase N were identified in activated microglia and macrophages in the ipsilateral cortex. Seven days post artery occlusion, dipeptidyl peptidase IV immunoreactivity was found in the perikarya of surviving cortical neurons of the ipsilateral hemisphere, whereas their nuclei were dipeptidyl peptidase 8- and amino peptidase N-positive. At the same time point, dipeptidyl peptidase IV, 8 and aminopeptidase N were targeted in astroglial cells. Total dipeptidyl peptidase IV, 8 and 9 activities remained constant in both hemispheres until day 3 post experimental ischemia, but were increased (+165%) in the ipsilateral cortex at day 7. In parallel, aminopeptidase N and cytosolic alanyl-aminopeptidase activities remained unchanged.

Conclusions
Distinct expression, localization and activity patterns of proline- and alanine-specific proteases indicate their involvement in ischemia-triggered inflammation and neurodegeneration. Consistently, IPC1755, a non-selective protease inhibitor, revealed a significant reduction of cortical lesions after transient cerebral ischemia and may suggest dipeptidyl peptidase IV, aminopeptidase N and proteases with similar substrate specificity as potentially therapy-relevant targets.
Amorphous silica nanoparticles size-dependently aggravate atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions following an intradermal injection
Authors: Hirai Toshiro , Yoshikawa Tomoaki , Nabeshi Hiromi , Yoshida Tokuyuki , Tochigi Saeko , Ichihashi Ko-ichi , Uji Miyuki , Akase Takanori , Nagano Kazuya , Abe Yasuhiro , Kamada Haruhiko , Itoh Norio , Tsunoda Shin-ichi , Yoshioka Yasuo , Tsutsumi Yasuo 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundDue to the rising use of nanomaterials (NMs), there is concern that NMs induce undesirable biological effects because of their unique physicochemical properties. Recently, we reported that amorphous silica nanoparticles (nSPs), which are one of the most widely used NMs, can penetrate the skin barrier and induce various biological effects, including an immune-modulating effect. Thus, it should be clarified whether nSPs can be a risk factor for the aggravation of skin immune diseases. Thus, in this study, we investigated the relationship between the size of SPs and adjuvant activity using a model for atopic dermatitis.ResultsWe investigated the effects of nSPs on the AD induced by intradermaly injected-mite antigenDermatophagoides pteronyssinus(Dp) in NC/Nga mice. Ear thickness measurements and histopathological analysis revealed that a combined injection of amorphous silica particles (SPs) and Dp induced aggravation of AD in an SP size-dependent manner compared to that of Dp alone. In particular, aggravation was observed remarkably in nSP-injected groups. Furthermore, these effects were correlated with the excessive induction of total IgE and a stronger systemic Th2 response. We demonstrated that these results are associated with the induction of IL-18 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) in the skin lesions.ConclusionsA particle size reduction in silica particles enhanced IL-18 and TSLP production, which leads to systemic Th2 response and aggravation of AD-like skin lesions as induced by Dp antigen treatment. We believe that appropriate regulation of nanoparticle physicochemical properties, including sizes, is a critical determinant for the design of safer forms of NMs.
Rapid synaptic potentiation within the anterior cingulate cortex mediates trace fear learning
Authors: Descalzi Giannina , Li Xiang-Yao , Chen Tao , Mercaldo Valentina , Koga Kohei , Zhuo Min 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Although the cortex has been extensively studied in long-term memory storage, less emphasis has been placed on immediate cortical contributions to fear memory formation. AMPA receptor plasticity is strongly implicated in learning and memory, and studies have identified calcium permeable AMPA receptors (CP-AMPARs) as mediators of synaptic strengthening. Trace fear learning engages the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), but whether plastic events occur within the ACC in response to trace fear learning, and whether GluN2B subunits are required remains unknown. Here we show that the ACC is necessary for trace fear learning, and shows a rapid 20% upregulation of membrane AMPA receptor GluA1 subunits that is evident immediately after conditioning. Inhibition of NMDA receptor GluN2B subunits during training prevented the upregulation, and disrupted trace fear memory retrieval 48 h later. Furthermore, intra-ACC injections of the CP-AMPAR channel antagonist, 1-naphthylacetyl spermine (NASPM) immediately following trace fear conditioning blocked 24 h fear memory retrieval. Accordingly, whole cell patch clamp recordings from c-fos positive and c-fos negative neurons within the ACC in response to trace fear learning revealed an increased sensitivity to NASPM in recently activated neurons that was reversed by reconsolidation update extinction. Our results suggest that trace fear learning is mediated through rapid GluN2B dependent trafficking of CP-AMPARs, and present in vivo evidence that CP-AMPAR activity within the ACC immediately after conditioning is necessary for subsequent memory consolidation processes.