bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sentinel lymph node detection with indocyanine green and patent blue dye in cervical cancer: A single‐centre feasibility study
Authors: Preston Marta , McBain Rosemary , Rajadevan Niveditha , Jones Antonia , Neesham Deborah , McNally Orla 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundSentinel lymph node (SLN) dissection has been established as standard of care in many tumours. Its use in early cervical cancer is an area of increasing interest and some studies suggest a high detection rate.AimTo explore feasibility of SLN dissection and establish the patient detection rate in women with early cervical cancer.Materials and MethodsAll patients with early cervical cancer, International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) 2018 Stage 1, of any histology who underwent SLN dissection from January 2017 to March 2023 were included. Patients were eligible if they had pelvic confined disease; no suspicious lymph nodes on pre‐operative imaging or intra‐operatively; tumours <4 cm at the time of surgery and no contra‐indications to surgery. Patients were excluded if there was a known allergy to dye or less than six months follow‐up data.ResultsSixty‐two patients were included in the study and 53% had FIGO stage 1b1 disease. The overall bilateral SLN detection rate was 89%, and the side‐specific rate was 94%. Where indocyanine green (ICG) was used alone, the bilateral detection rate was 87% and the side‐specific rate was 93%. Where ICG was used with patent blue dye (PTB) the bilateral detection rate was 92% and the side‐specific rate was 96%. Where PTB was used alone the bilateral detection rate was 85% and the side‐specific rate was 92%. The node positive rate was 6% (7/124) which included isolated tumour cells in four patients.ConclusionSLN dissection with ICG or PTB is feasible in early‐stage cervical cancer.
Preparedness and training needs of a regional public mental health service to support people with intellectual disability
Authors: Spong Jo , Iacono Teresa , Weise Janelle , Trollor Julian , Spong Lisa , Lenten Tim 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the preparedness and training needs of a regional public mental health workforce to support people with intellectual disability and mental ill health.Setting and ParticipantsStaff from a regional public mental health service in Victoria, Australia.DesignA mixed‐methods design comprised a survey, interviews and a focus group to collect data about staff attitudes, confidence, education and professional development regarding supporting people with intellectual disability and mental ill health. Descriptive and thematic analyses were used.ResultsData from 31 survey respondents, seven interviews and one focus group were analysed. Survey descriptive analyses showed participants believed treating people with intellectual disability was part of their role but reported areas of low confidence along with insufficient education and training in intellectual disability mental health. Thematic analyses from interviews showed that underpinning confidence, education and training were the themes (1) need for flexibility, such as having more time and (2) solutions but with challenges, such as limited opportunity to upskill and availability of experts. A need for collaborative problem‐solving where staff share skills and information to work towards person‐centred solutions was a key theme from the focus group analysis.ConclusionProfessional development in intellectual disability mental health is required for the regional public mental health workforce but needs to account for the challenges experienced and reflect how teams function. Exploration of described preparedness offered a possible learning approach informed by workforce members. Collaborative learning approaches to supporting people with intellectual disability and mental ill health are suggested.
A Postcolonial Marxist Critique of the River‐as‐Subject: Situating the Atrato River in Its Development Aporias
Authors: Melo‐Ascencio Diego Alejandro 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn 2016, Colombia's Constitutional Court declared the Atrato River a subject with rights and named the river's environmental stewards. This article traces how various actors co‐produced the ruling and critically engages scholarly calls to theorise a river‐as‐subject ontology. Centring postcolonial Marxist perspectives, the piece illuminates how power operates through the Rights of Nature discourse and theorises that the river‐as‐subject builds on and creates racialised development aporias: non‐passages beyond the hegemony of the state, capital, and development discourse and double‐binds for environmental justice struggles. Unpacking how the plaintiffs built the case and the river stewards navigated the ruling's first five years, I show that mining‐induced river degradation unfolds through (i) the fraught promise of justice in the Colombian Constitution, (ii) the naturalisation of collective legal personhood as “bio‐cultural rights”, and (iii) the inclusionary exclusion of river stewards from policy discussions about large‐scale mining enclosures and alluvial gold exploitation.
Weight status changes from childhood to adulthood were associated with cardiometabolic outcomes in adulthood
Authors: Huang Jia‐Shuan , Lu Min‐Shan , Ramakrishnan Rema , Gao Chang , Zheng Si‐Yu , Yang Kun , Guo Yi‐Xin , Lu Jin‐Hua , Qiu Xiu , He Jian‐Rong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimFew studies have assessed the association between weight changes from childhood to adulthood and cardiometabolic factors in adulthood. The aim of this study was to explore the relationships between weight changes from childhood to adulthood and cardiometabolic factors in adulthood using national Chinese data.MethodsWe included 649 participants from the China Health and Nutrition Survey from 1989 to 2009 and divided them into four groups by their body mass index from 6 to 37 years of age. They were selected using multistage random cluster sampling from 15 areas with large variations in economic and social development. Poisson regression models assessed associations between weight status changes and cardiometabolic outcomes in adulthood.ResultsThe risk of multiple abnormal cardiometabolic outcomes in adulthood was increased in the 126 subjects with normal weight in childhood but overweight or obesity in adulthood and the 28 with obesity at both ages, compared to the 462 with normal weight at both ages. There was insufficient evidence to demonstrate that the 33 who had weight issues as children, but not as adults, had an increased risk.ConclusionBeing overweight or obese in both childhood and adulthood or during adulthood only increased the risk of abnormal cardiometabolic outcomes in adulthood. Larger studies need to investigate whether weight problems in childhood, but not adulthood, increase the risk.
Letter: Potential confounders might exaggerate the risk of rheumatoid arthritis in patients with microscopic colitis
Authors: Yan Fang , Shi Pengshuang , Wu Shimin , Yang Jie , Cui Dejun 
Published: May 2024

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Bergman et al. papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17708 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18018.
Discovering generation Z's level of principled moral reasoning and assessing demographic variations
Authors: Weber James 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFramed by social identity and cognitive moral reasoning theories, this paper assessed Gen Zs' level of principled moral reasoning, discovered during their undergraduate college years, and influences revealed by demographic variations using the Moral Reasoning Inventory. We discovered that Gen Zs' principled moral reasoning was lower than research reporting on Millennials, but not as dramatic a decline as scholars reported when investigating Baby Boomers, Generation Xers, and Millennials' Pscores. We found some differences within our sample based on business discipline (academic major), the most powerful influence on Gen Zs' principled moral reasoning, followed by gender, work experience, and academic intelligence (GPA). Years in an academic program were not seen as influencing Gen Zs' principled moral reasoning. Overall, we conclude that Gen Zs may not exhibit a homogenous ethical identity as measured by their level of principled moral reasoning. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Specificity of cost and probability biases in social anxiety: Comparing status and belongingness threats
Authors: Azoulay Roy , Gilboa‐Schechtman Eva 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundSocial anxiety (SA) is characterized by concerns about the expected occurrence (probability) and anticipated distress (cost) of social threats. Unclear is whether SA correlates specifically with biased expectations of belongingness or status threats.AimsWe aimed to discern if SA is uniquely tied to biased expectancies of either belongingness or status threats.Materials and MethodsWe assessed 757 participants' perceptions of exclusion and put‐down scenarios, analysing associations between SA and threat perceptions.DiscussionOur findings support the status‐sensitivity hypothesis, suggesting individuals with high SA are particularly attuned to the perceived cost of status threats, potentially informing treatment approaches.ConclusionUnderstanding SA's link to status concerns enhances therapeutic strategies, emphasizing the need to address status‐related situations, cognitions, and emotions in interventions.
Bridging large language model disparities: Skill tagging of multilingual educational content
Authors: Kwak Yerin , Pardos Zachary A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe adoption of large language models (LLMs) in education holds much promise. However, like many technological innovations before them, adoption and access can often be inequitable from the outset, creating more divides than they bridge. In this paper, we explore the magnitude of the country and language divide in the leading open‐source and proprietary LLMs with respect to knowledge of K‐12 taxonomies in a variety of countries and their performance on tagging problem content with the appropriate skill from a taxonomy, an important task for aligning open educational resources and tutoring content with state curricula. We also experiment with approaches to narrowing the performance divide by enhancing LLM skill tagging performance across four countries (the USA, Ireland, South Korea and India–Maharashtra) for more equitable outcomes. We observe considerable performance disparities not only with non‐English languages but with English and non‐US taxonomies. Our findings demonstrate that fine‐tuning GPT‐3.5 with a few labelled examples can improve its proficiency in tagging problems with relevant skills or standards, even for countries and languages that are underrepresented during training. Furthermore, the fine‐tuning results show the potential viability of GPT as a multilingual skill classifier. Using both an open‐source model, Llama2‐13B, and a closed‐source model, GPT‐3.5, we also observe large disparities in tagging performance between the two and find that fine‐tuning and skill information in the prompt improve both, but the closed‐source model improves to a much greater extent. Our study contributes to the first empirical results on mitigating disparities across countries and languages with LLMs in an educational context.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

Recent advances in generative AI have led to increased applications of LLMs in education, offering diverse opportunities.
LLMs excel predominantly in English and exhibit a bias towards the US context.
Automated content tagging has been studied using English‐language content and taxonomies.
What this paper adds

Investigates the country and language disparities in LLMs concerning knowledge of educational taxonomies and their performance in tagging content.
Presents the first empirical findings on addressing disparities in LLM performance across countries and languages within an educational context.
Improves GPT‐3.5's tagging accuracy through fine‐tuning, even for non‐US countries, starting from zero accuracy.
Extends automated content tagging to non‐English languages using both open‐source and closed‐source LLMs.
Implications for practice and/or policy

Underscores the importance of considering the performance generalizability of LLMs to languages other than English.
Highlights the potential viability of ChatGPT as a skill tagging classifier across countries.
HER2 mutation as an emerging target in advanced breast cancer
Authors: Bon Giulia , Di Lisa Francesca Sofia , Filomeno Lorena , Arcuri Teresa , Krasniqi Eriseld , Pizzuti Laura , Barba Maddalena , Messina Beatrice , Schiavoni Giulia , Sanguineti Giuseppe , Botti Claudio , Cappelli Sonia , Pelle Fabio , Cavicchi Flavia , Puccica Ilaria , Costantini Maurizio , Perracchio Letizia , Maugeri‐Saccà Marcello , Ciliberto Gennaro , Vici Patrizia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHER2 activating mutations have emerged as oncogenic drivers and therapeutic targets in a variety of human tumors. In breast cancer, these deregulations occur at low frequency, and are mostly detected in HER2‐nonamplified, metastatic disease. Preclinical evidence has clarified the role of hotspot mutations in HER2 constitutive activation, defining them as an alternative mechanism to HER2 gene amplification. Furthermore, recent clinical studies have indicated the emergence of newly acquired HER2 deregulations in significant proportions of breast cancer patients who experience disease progression following both endocrine and HER2‐targeted therapies. As the involvement of HER2 mutation in therapy resistance may profoundly impact patient outcomes on successive therapies, several clinical trials are currently investigating the efficacy of various HER2‐targeted drugs in HER2‐mutant breast cancer. In this review, we firstly summarize the structural organization of the HER2 oncogene and its historical impact on breast cancer prognosis and therapeutic advancement. Then, we provide an overview of the frequencies and functional relevance of clinically recurrent HER2 mutations in breast cancer with a special focus on their role in therapeutic resistance. Finally, we provide a collection of the clinical trials that are currently exploring novel therapeutic approaches for this patient subset and discuss the related perspectives and challenges.
Trends in patterns of treatment and survival of colorectal cancer patients using cancer registry data in Japan: 1995–2015
Authors: Ota Masato , Taniguchi Kohei , Hori Megumi , Katanoda Kota , Nakata Kayo , Miyashiro Isao , Matsuda Tomohiro , Lee Sang‐Woong , Ito Yuri 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRecent advances in treating colorectal cancer (CRC) have increased the importance of multidisciplinary treatment. This study aimed to clarify trends in the treatment and survival of CRC using population‐based cancer registry data in Japan. We analyzed the survival of CRC cases diagnosed from 1995 through 2015 from a population‐based cancer registry of six prefectures. The year of diagnosis was classified into five periods, and the trends in the detailed categorization of treatments and survival were identified. We calculated net survival and excess hazard of death from cancer using data on 256,590 CRC patients. The use of laparoscopic surgery has been increasing since 2005 and accounts for the largest proportion of treatment types in the most recent period. Net survival of CRC patients diagnosed after 2005 remained high for laparoscopic surgery and endoscopic surgery (endoscopic mucosal resection or endoscopic submucosal dissection). There was an upward trend in treatment with chemotherapy in addition to open and laparoscopic surgery. Using the excess hazard ratio at the regional stage since 2005, there has been a significant improvement in survival in the younger age group and the rectum cancer group. By type of treatment, there was a tendency toward significant improvement in the open surgery + chemotherapy group. We clarified the trends in treating CRC and the associated trends in survival. Continuous survey based on population‐based data helps monitor the impact of developments in treatment.
Astrocytes in preoptic area regulate acute nociception‐induced hypothermia through adenosine receptors
Authors: Jia Junke , Chen Ting , Chen Chang , Si Tengxiao , Gao Chenyi , Fang Yuanyuan , Sun Jiahui , Wang Jie , Zhang Zongze 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimsThe preoptic area (POA) of the hypothalamus, crucial in thermoregulation, has long been implicated in the pain process. However, whether nociceptive stimulation affects body temperature and its mechanism remains poorly studied.MethodsWe used capsaicin, formalin, and surgery to induce acute nociceptive stimulation and monitored rectal temperature. Optical fiber recording, chemical genetics, confocal imaging, and pharmacology assays were employed to confirm the role and interaction of POA astrocytes and extracellular adenosine. Immunofluorescence was utilized for further validation.ResultsAcute nociception could activate POA astrocytes and induce a decrease in body temperature. Manipulation of astrocytes allowed bidirectional control of body temperature. Furthermore, acute nociception and astrocyte activation led to increased extracellular adenosine concentration within the POA. Activation of adenosine A1 or A2A receptors contributed to decreased body temperature, while inhibition of these receptors mitigated the thermo‐lowering effect of astrocytes.ConclusionOur results elucidate the interplay between acute nociception and thermoregulation, specifically highlighting POA astrocyte activation. This enriches our understanding of physiological responses to painful stimuli and contributes to the analysis of the anatomical basis involved in the process.
Baicalin and baicalein from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi alleviate aberrant neuronal suppression mediated by GABA from reactive astrocytes
Authors: Cho Juyeong , Hong Eun‐Bin , Kim Young‐Sik , Song Jungbin , Ju Yeon Ha , Kim Hyunjin , Lee Hyowon , Kim Hocheol , Nam Min‐Ho 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimsγ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) from reactive astrocytes is critical for the dysregulation of neuronal activity in various neuroinflammatory conditions. While Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (S. baicalensis) is known for its efficacy in addressing neurological symptoms, its potential to reduce GABA synthesis in reactive astrocytes and the associated neuronal suppression remains unclear. This study focuses on the inhibitory action of monoamine oxidase B (MAO‐B), the key enzyme for astrocytic GABA synthesis.MethodsUsing a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced neuroinflammation mouse model, we conducted immunohistochemistry to assess the effect of S. baicalensis on astrocyte reactivity and its GABA synthesis. High‐performance liquid chromatography was performed to reveal the major compounds of S. baicalensis, the effects of which on MAO‐B inhibition, astrocyte reactivity, and tonic inhibition in hippocampal neurons were validated by MAO‐B activity assay, qRT‐PCR, and whole‐cell patch‐clamp.ResultsThe ethanolic extract of S. baicalensis ameliorated astrocyte reactivity and reduced excessive astrocytic GABA content in the CA1 hippocampus. Baicalin and baicalein exhibited significant MAO‐B inhibition potential. These two compounds downregulate the mRNA levels of genes associated with reactive astrogliosis or astrocytic GABA synthesis. Additionally, LPS‐induced aberrant tonic inhibition was reversed by both S. baicalensis extract and its key compounds.ConclusionsIn summary, baicalin and baicalein isolated from S. baicalensis reduce astrocyte reactivity and alleviate aberrant tonic inhibition of hippocampal neurons during neuroinflammation.
Inhibition of ADORA3 promotes microglial phagocytosis and alleviates chronic ischemic white matter injury
Authors: Xu Yuhao , Tang Limoran , Zhou Chao , Sun Liang , Hu Yujie , Zhang Zhi , Xia Shengnan , Bao Xinyu , Yang Haiyan , Xu Yun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundAdenosine A3 receptor (ADORA3) belongs to the adenosine receptor families and the role of ADORA3 in vascular dementia (VaD) is largely unexplored. The present study sought to determine the therapeutic role of ADORA3 antagonist in a mouse model of VaD.MethodsThe GSE122063 dataset was selected to screen the differential expression genes and pathways between VaD patients and controls. A mouse model of bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) was established. The cognitive functions were examined by the novel object recognition test, Y maze test, and fear of conditioning test. The white matter injury (WMI) was examined by 9.4 T MRI, western blot, and immunofluorescence staining. The mechanisms of ADORA3‐regulated phagocytosis by microglia were examined using qPCR, western blot, dual immunofluorescence staining, and flow cytometry.ResultsThe expression of ADORA3 was elevated in brain tissues of VaD patients and ADORA3 was indicated as a key gene for VaD in the GSE122063. In BCAS mice, the expression of ADORA3 was predominantly elevated in microglia in the corpus callosum. ADORA3 antagonist promotes microglial phagocytosis to myelin debris by facilitating cAMP/PKA/p‐CREB pathway and thereby ameliorates WMI and cognitive impairment in BCAS mice. The therapeutic effect of ADORA3 antagonist was partially reversed by the inhibition of the cAMP/PKA pathway.ConclusionsADORA3 antagonist alleviates chronic ischemic WMI by modulating myelin clearance of microglia, which may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of VaD.
Re‐discover the value of protein binding assessments in hepatic and renal impairment studies and its contributions in drug labels and dose decisions
Authors: Courville Jocelyn , Roupe Kathryn , Arold Gerhard 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOne of the key pharmacokinetic properties of most small molecule drugs is their ability to bind to serum proteins. Unbound or free drug is responsible for pharmacological activity while the balance between free and bound drug can impact drug distribution, elimination, and other safety parameters. In the hepatic impairment (HI) and renal impairment (RI) clinical studies, unbound drug concentration is often assessed; however, the relevance and impact of the protein binding (PB) results is largely limited. We analyzed published clinical safety and pharmacokinetic studies in subjects with HI or RI with PB assessment up to October 2022 and summarized the contribution of PB results on their label dose recommendations. Among drugs with HI publication, 32% (17/53) associated product labels include PB results in HI section. Of these, the majority (9/17, 53%) recommend dose adjustments consistent with observed PB change. Among drugs with RI publication, 27% (12/44) of associated product labels include PB results in RI section with the majority (7/12, 58%) recommending no dose adjustment, consistent with the reported absence of PB change. PB results were found to be consistent with a tailored dose recommendation in 53% and 58% of the approved labels for HI and RI section, respectively. We further discussed the interpretation challenges of PB results, explored treatment decision factors including total drug concentration, exposure–response relationships, and safety considerations in these case examples. Collectively, comprehending the alterations in free drug levels in HI and RI informs treatment decision through a risk‐based approach.