bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary Rehabilitation: Overwhelming Evidence but Lost in Translation?
Authors: Johnston Kylie , Grimmer-Somers Karen 
Published: October 2010

Purpose: This report highlights the current international gap between the availability of high-quality evidence for pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) and its low level of implementation. Key barriers are outlined, and potentially effective strategies to improve implementation are presented. Summary of key points: Although pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is recommended by international guidelines as part of the management of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), participation in PR remains low. Physician referral to PR ranges from 3% to 16% of suitable patients. Barriers to participation include limited availability of suitable programmes and interrelated issues of referral and access. Individual patient barriers, including factors relating to comorbidities and exacerbations, perceptions of benefit, and ease of access, contribute less overall to low participation rates. Chronic care programmes that incorporate self-management support have some benefit in patients with COPD. However, the demonstrated cost-effectiveness of PR is substantial, and efforts to improve its implementation are urgently indicated. Conclusion: To improve implementation, a holistic examination of the key issues influencing a patient's participation in PR is needed. Such an examination should consider the relative influences of environmental (e.g., health-service-related) factors, organizational factors (e.g., referral and intake procedures), and individual factors (e.g., patient barriers) for all participants. On the basis of these findings, policy, funding, service delivery, and other interventions to improve participation in PR can be developed and evaluated.
Enabling GeneHunter as a Grid Service
Authors: Krikov S. , Price R. C. , Matney S. A. , Allen-Brady K. , Facelli J. C. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryBackground: A cursory analysis of the biomedical grid literature shows that most projects emphasize data sharing and the development of new applications for the grid environment. Much less is known about the best practices for the migration of existing analytical tools into the grid environment.Objectives: To make GeneHunter available as a grid service and to evaluate the effort and best practices needed to enable a legacy application as a grid service when addressing semantic integration and using the caBIG tools.Methods: We used the tools available in the caBIG environment because these tools are quite general and they may be used to deploy services in similar biomedical grids that are OGSA-compliant.Results: We achieved semantic integration of GeneHunter within the caBIG by creating a new UML model, LinkageX, for the LINKAGE data format. The LinkageX UML model has been published in the caDSR and it is publically available for usage with Gene-Hunter or any other program using this data format.Conclusions: While achieving semantic interoperability is still a time-consuming task, the tools available in caBIG can greatly enhance productivity and decrease errors.
Relationship between Malocclusion and Heart Rate Variability Indices in Young Adults
Authors: Takeuchi N. , Furuta M. , Tomofuji T. , Morita M. , Ekuni D. 
Published: October 2010

Summary
Objectives: Heart rate variability (HRV) has been used to assess sympathetic and parasympathetic modulation of heart rate. Chronic stress relates to reduced HRV. Malocclusion has effects on quality of life, which can lead to chronic stress. Therefore, we hypothesized that malocclusion, as chronic stress, may contribute to reduced HRV. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between malocclusion and HRV indices in healthy young adults.
Methods: Thirty-seven non-smoking healthy subjects, aged 22 to 25 years, were examined. Malocclusion was defined by Angle classification. HRV indices included root mean square of successive differences, low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF) and ratio of LF to HF. The effects of malocclusion on quality of life and mental health were assessed using self-reported questionnaires, the condition-specific Oral Impacts on Daily Performances index (CS-OIDP) and the Hopkins Symptoms Checklist (HSCL), respectively.
Results: Significantly lower score of HF and higher heart rate (HR) level and CS-OIDP score were observed in subjects with malocclusion (n = 17) compared to those in the control subjects (n = 20) (P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between HR and score of “anxiety” in HSCL (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: The data showed an association between malocclusion and lower HRV. Based on our results, orthodontic treatment might contribute not only to improvement of oral esthetic and functional problems but also to improvement of stress and HRV indices.
Stability as a natural selection mechanism on interacting networks
Authors: Perotti Juan I. , Billoni Orlando V. , Tamarit Francisco A. , Cannas Sergio A. 
Published: October 2010

Biological networks of interacting agents exhibit similar topological properties for a wide range of scales, from cellular to ecological levels, suggesting the existence of a common evolutionary origin. A general evolutionary mechanism based on global stability has been proposed recently [J I Perotti, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 108701 (2009)]. This mechanism was incorporated into a model of a growing network of interacting agents in which each new agent's membership in the network is determined by the agent's effect on the network's global stability. In this work, we analyze different quantities that characterize the topology of the emerging networks, such as global connectivity, clustering and average nearest neighbors degree, showing that they reproduce scaling behaviors frequently observed in several biological systems. The influence of the stability selection mechanism on the dynamics associated to the resulting network, as well as the interplay between some topological and functional features are also analyzed.Received: 17 July 2010; Accepted: 27 September 2010; Edited by: D. H. Zanette; Reviewed by: V. M. Eguiluz, Inst. Fisica Interdisciplinar y Sist. Complejos, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; DOI: 10.4279/PIP.020005
Increased Price Markup from Union Coordination – OECD Panel Evidence
Authors: Bjørnstad Roger , Kalstad Kjartan Øren 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAlthough coordination of wage bargaining probably affects entry barriers and competition in product markets, research on price determination has typically not considered such factors. We argue that the price markup depends on wage setting institutions and present empirical evidence in form of estimated price equations in a panel of 15 OECD countries. The estimates show that consumer prices may be as much as 21 percent higher in coordinated compared to uncoordinated countries, solely due to the effect of coordination on the markup. Since other studies find that coordination has a dampening effect on wages, this may explain why there is no clear effect of coordination on unemployment.
Advanced Biomaterials Accumulation of Citrate‐Coated Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles by Cultured Brain Astrocytes
Authors: Hohnholt Michaela C. , Geppert Mark , Nürnberger Sylvia , von Byern Janek , Grunwald Ingo , Dringen Ralf 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe‐NP) are considered for various applications in the brain. However, little is known so far on the uptake and the metabolism of such nanoparticles in brain cells. Since astrocytes are strategically localized between capillaries and neurons, astrocytes are of particular interest concerning uptake and fate of nanoparticles in the brain. Using astrocyte‐rich primary cultures as model system we have investigated the accumulation of citrate‐coated Fe‐NP by astrocytes. Viable cultured astrocytes accumulate iron from citrate‐coated Fe‐NP in a time‐, concentration‐, and temperature‐dependent manner. The cellular iron content determined after 4 h of incubation increases proportional to the concentration of Fe‐NP, if the particles were applied in concentrations of up to 1000 × 10−6 M of total iron. The iron accumulation from 500 or 1000 × 10−6 M iron as Fe‐NP is significantly slowed by lowering the incubation temperature from 37 to 4 °C. Transmission electron microscopy of the cells revealed that most of the cellular Fe‐NP are present in intracellular vesicles. These data demonstrate that astrocytes accumulate efficiently citrate‐coated Fe‐NP, most likely by an endocytotic pathway.
Autonomic Self‐Repairing Glassy Materials
Authors: Coillot Daniel , Méar François O. , Podor Renaud , Montagne Lionel 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA new process that enables glassy materials to self‐repair from mechanical damage is presented in this paper. Contrary to intrinsic self‐healing, which involves overheating to enable crack healing by glass softening, this process is based on an extrinsic effect produced by vanadium boride (VB) particles dispersed within the glass matrix. Self‐repair is obtained through the oxidation of VB particles, and thus without the need to increase the operating temperature. The VB healing agent is selected for its capacity to oxidize at a lower temperature than the softening point of the glass. Thermogravimetric analyses indeed show that VB oxidation is rapid and occurs below the glass transition temperature. Solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy indicates that VB is oxidized into V2O5 and B2O3, which enable the local formation of glass. The autonomic self‐healing effect is demonstrated by an in situ experiment visualized using an environmental scanning electron microscope. It is shown that a crack could be healed by the VB oxidation products.
Enhanced Performance in Polymer Solar Cells by Surface Energy Control
Authors: Bulliard Xavier , Ihn Soo‐Ghang , Yun Sungyoung , Kim Yungi , Choi Dukhyun , Choi Jae‐Young , Kim Min , Sim Myungsun , Park Jong‐Hwan , Choi Woong , Cho Kilwon 
Published: October 2010

AbstractEnhanced performance of an inverted‐type polymer solar cell is reported by controlling the surface energy of a zinc oxide (ZnO) buffer layer, on which a photoactive layer composed of a polymer:fullerene‐derivative bulk heterojunction is formed. With the approach based on a mixed self‐assembled monolayer, the surface energy of the ZnO buffer layer can be controlled between 40 mN m−1 and 70 mN m−1 with negligible changes in its work function. For the given range of surface energy the power conversion efficiency increases from 3.27% to 3.70% through enhanced photocurrents. The optimized morphology obtained by surface energy control results in the enhanced photocurrent and transmission electron microscopy analysis verifies the correlation between the surface energy and the phase morphology of the bulk heterojunction. These results demonstrate that surface energy control is an effective method for further improving the performance of polymer solar cells, with potentially important implications for other organic devices containing an interface between a blended organic active layer and a buffer or an electrode layer.
Direct Asymmetric syn‐Aldol Reactions of Linear Aliphatic Ketones with Primary Amino Acid‐Derived Diamines
Authors: Demuynck Anneleen L. W. , Vanderleyden Jozef , Sels Bert F. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe have designed a novel class of chiral diamine organocatalysts based on natural primary amino acids that efficiently catalyze syn‐selective aldol reactions of challenging linear ketones, such as 2‐butanone, and aromatic aldehydes. In the presence of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) as Brønsted acid and 2,4‐dinitrophenol (DNP) as co‐catalyst, syn‐aldol products have been obtained with excellent enantioselectivities of up to> 99% ee.
Selective Introduction of Organic Groups to C60 and C70 Using Organoboron Compounds and Rhodium Catalyst: A New Synthetic Approach to Organo(hydro)fullerenes
Authors: Nambo Masakazu , Segawa Yasutomo , Wakamiya Atsushi , Itami Kenichiro 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA Rh‐catalyzed reaction of C60 and C70 with organoboron compounds is described. This new catalytic method enables introduction of various organic groups onto C60 and C70. [Rh(cod)(MeCN)2]BF4 proved to be the most effective catalyst in terms of productivity and selectivity. The reaction generally proceeds with a high regioselectivity and in a mono‐addition selective manner. It was found that water is an essential additive to promote the reaction. By X‐ray crystal structure analysis, we have confirmed the reaction site of organometallic‐based hydroarylation of C70 for the first time. Various functional fullerenes, such as fullerene‐tagged amino acids and fullerene‐capped π systems, can be synthesized. The X‐ray crystal structure of biphenyl‐attached C60 revealed an interesting opportunity for the well‐organized alignment of bucky balls by taking advantage of CH–π interactions.
Statistical methods for automatic crack detection based on vibrothermography sequence‐of‐images data
Authors: Li Ming , Holland Stephen D. , Meeker William Q. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractVibrothermography is a relatively new nondestructive evaluation technique for finding cracks through frictional heat generated from crack surface vibrations under external excitations. The vibrothermography inspection method provides a sequence of infrared images as the output. We use a matched filter technique to increase the signal‐to‐noise ratio of the sequence‐of‐images data. An automatic crack detection criterion based on the features extracted from the matched filter output greatly increases the sensitivity of the vibrothermography inspection method. In this paper, we develop a three‐dimensional matched filter for the sequence‐of‐images data, which presents the statistical analysis for the matched filter output, and evaluate the probability of detection. Our results show the crack detection criterion based on the matched filter output provides an improved detection capability. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐sensitivity spectrofluorimetric determination of tiopronin based on inhibition of hemoglobin
Authors: Chen Ya‐Hong , Tian Feng‐Shou , Zhang Gao‐Feng 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTA highly sensitive and simple spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of tiopronin based on its inhibitory effect on the hemoglobin‐catalyzed reaction of H2O2 and l‐tyrosine was developed. The concentration of tiopronin is linear with decreased fluorescence (ΔF) of the system under the optimal experimental conditions. The calibration graph is linear in the range 1.23 × 10−8 to 3.06 × 10−5 mol L−1 with a detection limit of 6.13 × 10−9 mol L−1. The relative standard deviation was 4.38% for 11 determinations of 6.13 × 10−6 mol L−1. This method can be used for the determination of tiopronin in pharmaceuticals with satisfactory results. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Luminescence studies on Al4B2O9:Eu2+ phosphor crystals
Authors: Zheng Yingli , Chen Donghua 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTA novel blue‐emitting phosphor, Eu2+‐doping Al4B2O9, was prepared via a modified solid‐state reaction. Al4B2O9:Eu2+ nanoparticles with diameters varying in a range from 20 to 50 nm were obtained using urea as an auxiliary reagent at the optimum temperature of 850°C. The crystallization and particle sizes of Al4B2O9:Eu2+ were investigated using powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Photoluminescence (PL) results showed that Al4B2O9:Eu2+ phosphor could be efficiently excited by the ultraviolet region from 240 to 410 nm, exhibiting bright blue emission. Further investigation on concentration‐dependent emission spectra indicated that the Al3.997B2O9:Eu2+0.003 phosphor exhibited the strongest luminescent, and the relative PL intensity decreased with increasing Eu2+ concentration due to concentration quenching. In addition, the concentration quenching for the one‐Eu‐site emission centers was caused by the electric multipole–multipole interaction. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Online we are all able bodied: Online psychological sense of community and social support found through membership of disability‐specific websites promotes well‐being for people living with a physical disability
Authors: Obst Patricia , Stafurik Jana 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPeople with a physical disability are a population who for a number of reasons may be vulnerable to social isolation. Research into Internet‐based support sites has found that social support and an online sense of community can be developed through computer mediated communication channels. This study aims to gain an understanding of the benefits that membership of disability‐specific online communities may have for people with a physical disability. An online survey was administered to a sample of users of such sites (N = 160). Results indicated that users did receive moral support and personal advice through participating in such online communities. Further, results indicated that online social support and feeling a sense of community online were positively associated with participants' well‐being in the areas of personal relations and personal growth. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Manganese‐Containing Porous Silicates: Synthesis, Structural Properties and Catalytic Applications
Authors: Novak Tušar Nataša , Jank Sigrun , Gläser Roger 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPorous silicates are often used as catalysts or catalyst supports for many chemical reactions. The immobilization of metals by their incorporation into silicate frameworks is an important strategy for generating catalytically active sites. The catalytic properties of metal‐modified porous silicates depend on the structure type and on the location and nature of the incorporated metal. Recently, manganese‐containing porous silicates have received considerable attention as catalysts for various chemical conversions. Herein, an overview on the synthesis, structure characterization, and catalytic applications of manganese‐containing porous silicates is presented. The particular suitability of these materials to address major challenges in environmentally benign catalysis is outlined.
Homogeneous Catalytic Hydrogenation of Bio‐Oil and Related Model Aldehydes with RuCl2(PPh3)3
Authors: Huang F. , Li W. , Lu Q. , Zhu X. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA homogeneous RuCl2(PPh3)3 catalyst was prepared for the hydrogenation of bio‐oil to improve its stability and fuel quality. Experiments were first performed on three model aldehydes of acetaldehyde, furfural and vanillin selected to represent the linear aldehydes, oxygen heterocyclic aldehydes and aromatic aldehydes in bio‐oil. The results demonstrated the high hydrogenation capability of this homogeneous catalyst under mild conditions (55–90 °C, 1.3–3.3 MPa). The highest conversion of the three model aldehydes was over 90 %. Furfural and acetaldehyde were singly converted to furfuryl alcohol and ethanol after hydrogenation, while vanillin was mainly converted to vanillin alcohol, together with a small amount of 2‐methoxy‐4‐methylphenol and 2‐methoxyphenol. Further experiments were conducted on a bio‐oil fraction extracted by ethyl acetate and on the whole bio‐oil at 70 °C and 3.3 MPa. Most of the aldehydes were transformed to the corresponding alcohols, and some ketones and compounds with C–C double bond were converted to more stable compounds.
Short Diastereoselective Synthesis of the C1–C13 (AB Spiroacetal) and C17–C28 Fragments (CD Spiroacetal) of Spongistatin 1 and 2 through Double Chain‐Elongation Reactions
Authors: Flowers Christopher L. , Vogel Pierre 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA unique and practical synthetic sequence for rapid access to polyketides and to further the spiroacetals derived from them, which utilizes a bidirectional Hosomi–Sakurai allylation approach around key allylsilanes in the synthesis of the AB and CD ring systems of spongistatin 1 and 2, is reported. The synthesis of the AB spiroacetal9requires 13 steps, with a longest linear sequence of seven steps in an overall yield of 27 %. The synthesis of the CD spiroacetal13requires 15 steps, with a longest linear sequence of 11 steps in an overall yield of 30 %. Both syntheses start from but‐3‐enol.
Rate Coefficients for the Reaction of Iodine Oxide with Methyl Peroxy Radicals
Authors: Dillon Terry J. , Tucceri María E. , Crowley John N. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPulsed laser photolysis radical generation is used to study the title reaction IO+CH3O2→products. Sensitive and selective laser‐induced fluorescence detection of IO allows excess CH3O2 conditions to be maintained throughout, ensuring minimal interference from other fast IO reactions. The rate coefficients, k5(296 K)=(3.4±1.4)×10−12 cm3 molecule−1 s−1, are obtained relative to a well‐characterised reference value (k3 for IO+HO2). This result agrees well with a previous determination from this laboratory and demonstrates that the above reaction proceeds an order of magnitude slower than suggested in other recent experimental and theoretical studies. Implications for HOx production/O3 destruction within the marine boundary layer are briefly discussed.
Muscle, the Motor
Authors: Partridge L. D. , Benton L. A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Representation of Muscle PropertiesDimensions UsedModelsReal Motor SystemsSummaryProperties of the Contractile UnitPassive Mechanical ContributionsResponse to Neural SignalsInteraction Between Neural and Other InputsFunctional VariationsSummaryMultiple Units of MuscleThe Unit of Muscle FunctionRelationships in Multiunit FunctionSummarySome Measures of Muscle FunctionSummaryMotor Functions of MusclesFinal SummaryEpilogueAppendixUnits for Measure of Motor Function
Motor Prostheses
Authors: Mortimer J. Thomas 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:HistoryPerspectiveElectrochemical Aspects of StimulationMetal‐Tissue Interface Without Applied FieldSystem for Electrical ExcitationRelationship Between Electrode Potential and Charge DensityRegulated Voltage vs. Regulated CurrentMonophasic StimulationBiphasic StimulationSummaryTissue DamageElectrode MaterialsBrain (Surface Electrodes)Nerve (Cuff Electrode)Muscle (Coiled Wire Electrode)SummaryNerve ExcitationMembrane Response to Applied Electrical FieldExcitation of Myelinated NerveThreshold Relationship Between Nerve and MuscleEffects of Electrode Configuration on Threshold and Excitation SiteNeural FatigueSummaryElectrical Activation of Skeletal MuscleBrief Review of Muscle PhysiologyElectrical Excitation of Normal MuscleMuscle Alterations Induced by Electrical ActivationForce ModulationSummaryClinical ApplicationsParalyzed MuscleScoliosisSummarySummary
Influence of polymerizing agent on structure and spectroscopic properties of nano‐crystalline La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 powders
Authors: Macedo D. A. , Cesário M. R. , Cela B. , Melo D. M. A. , Paskocimas C. A. , Martinelli A. E. , Nascimento R. M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractStrontium‐doped lanthanum manganite (La1‐xSrxMnO3 or LSM) is the material most widely used on solid oxide fuel cells cathode. In this work, nano‐scale La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 powders have been synthesized by polymeric precursor‐based methods using different polymerizing agents with the aim of evaluating the influence of this change in the final powder. The powders calcined at 700 °C for 2 h have been characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) in order to investigate the quality of both synthesis routes. It is shown that the crystal structure and morphology of the particles are significantly dependent on the preparation conditions. Single phase and La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 nano‐crystalline particles less than 30 nm were obtained using ethylene glycol as polymerizing agent. FTIR results have been indicated that only the powder obtained using gelatin presented small traces of hydroxyl groups on its surface. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)