bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time‐resolved analysis of coronary vein motion and cross‐sectional area
Authors: Suever Jonathan D. , Watson Pierre J. , Eisner Robert L. , Lerakis Stamatios , O'Donnell Robert E. , Oshinski John N. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPurpose:To quantify periods of low motion and cross‐sectional area changes of the coronary veins during the cardiac cycle for planning magnetic resonance coronary venograms (MRCV).Materials and Methods:Images were acquired from 19 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and 13 patients scheduled for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). The displacement and cross‐sectional area of the coronary sinus was tracked, and periods of low motion were defined as consecutive time points during which the position of the coronary sinus remained within a 0.67‐mm diameter region. Patients were classified as systolic dominant or diastolic dominant based on the relative duration of their low motion periods.Results:All CRT patients were classified as systolic dominant, and 32% of these had no separate diastolic rest period. All CAD patients with ejection fraction < 35% were classified as systolic dominant, while all CAD patients with ejection fraction > 35%were diastolic dominant. In 77% of all subjects, the cross‐sectional area of the coronary sinus was larger in systole than in diastole.Conclusion:The movement of the coronary sinus can be used to classify patients as either having a longer systolic or diastolic rest period. The classification of the CRT patients as systolic dominant suggests that MRCVs be acquired in systole for CRT planning; however, each patient's low motion periods should be categorized to ensure the correct period is being used to minimize motion artifacts. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Correcting for the echo‐time effect after measuring the cerebral blood flow by arterial spin labeling
Authors: Foucher Jack R. , Roquet Daniel , Marrer Corinne , Pham Bich‐Thuy , Gounot Daniel 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPurpose:To take into account the echo time (TE) influence on arterial spin labeling (ASL) signal when converting it in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). Gray matter ASL signal decrease with increasing TE as a consequence of the difference in the apparent transverse relaxation rates between labeled water in capillaries and nonlabeled water in the tissue (δR). We aimed to measure ASL/rCBF changes in different parts of the brain and correct them.Materials and Methods:Fifteen participants underwent ASL measurements at TEs of 9.7–30 ms. Decreases in ASL values were localized by statistical parametric mapping. The corrections assessed were a subject‐per‐subject adjustment, an average δR value adjustment, and a two‐compartment model adjustment.Results:rCBF decreases associated with increasing TEs were found for gray matter and were corrected using an average δR value of 20 s−1. Conversely, for white matter, rCBF values increased with increasing TEs (δR = −23 s−1).Conclusion:Our correction was as good as using a two‐compartment model. However, it must be done separately for the gray and white matter rCBF values because the capillary R values are, respectively, larger and smaller than those of surrounding tissues. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The application of three‐dimensional diffusion‐weighted PSIF technique in peripheral nerve imaging of the distal extremities
Authors: Chhabra Avneesh , Soldatos Theodoros , Subhawong Ty K. , Machado Antonio J. , Thawait Shrey K. , Wang Kenneth C. , Padua Abraham , Flammang Aaron J. , Williams Eric H. , Carrino John A. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate whether the addition of the three‐dimensional diffusion‐weighted reversed fast imaging with steady state free precession (3D DW‐PSIF) sequence improves the identification of peripheral nerves in the distal extremities.Materials and Methods:Twelve MR neurography (MRN) studies of the distal upper extremity and 12 MRN studies of distal lower extremity were evaluated. From the 24 subjects who were enrolled, 10 had clinically suspected peripheral neuropathy, whereas 14 suffered from various orthopedic diseases and had no clinical signs of neuropathy. In each examination, the ability to identify each peripheral nerve on T2‐weighted and 3D DW‐PSIF sequences was evaluated using a semi‐quantitative (0–2) scale. Thereafter, a total certainty score was registered for each sequence.Results:Combining the results of all studies, the mean certainty score was 1.92 ± 0.28 on the 3D DW‐PSIF images and 1.50 ± 0.72 on the T2‐weighted images (P < 0.001). In the upper extremity studies, the corresponding certainty scores were 2.0 and 1.70 ± 0.55, respectively (P = 0.008), and in the lower extremity studies, 1.86 ± 0.35 and 1.36 ± 0.79, respectively (P < 0.001).Conclusion:The 3D DW‐PSIF images provide improved identification of the nerves compared with the T2‐weighted images, and should be incorporated in the MRN protocol, whenever accurate nerve localization and/or presurgical evaluation are required. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Noncontrast‐enhanced four‐dimensional MR angiography for the evaluation of cerebral arteriovenous malformation: A preliminary trial
Authors: Xu Junling , Shi Dapeng , Chen Chuanliang , Li Yongli , Wang Meiyun , Han Xinwei , Jin Lixin , Bi Xiaoming 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPurpose:To prospectively evaluate noncontrast‐enhanced (NCE), time resolved, four‐dimensional (4D) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) for assessment of cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM), with intraarterial digital subtraction angiography (DSA) performed as the reference standard.Materials and Methods:Fifteen patients (ten men, five women; age range 2–59 years, mean 29.4 years) with 15 untreated cerebral AVMs comprised the study population. NCE 4D MRA was performed on a 3.0 T MR scanner. MR images were reviewed by two independent readers and compared with DSA with respect to arterial feeders, nidus size, and venous drainage. Kappa coefficients of concordance were computed to determine the interobserver and intermodality agreements for the depiction of arterial feeders, nidus, and venous drainage between the two techniques.Results:Fifteen AVMs detected in DSA were visualized in NCE 4D MRA. Intermodality agreements were excellent for the arterial feeders (K = 0.918, P = 0.000), good for the nidus size (K = 0.692, P = 0.000), and moderate for the venous drainage (K = 0.495, P = 0.001).Conclusion:NCE 4D MRA is a promising and potentially valuable method for noninvasive assessment of angioarchitecture and hemodynamics of cerebral AVMs. Further improvement of labeling persistence is desirable in order to enhance the depiction of draining veins for AVMs. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reproducibility of MRI‐determined proton density fat fraction across two different MR scanner platforms
Authors: Kang Geraldine H. , Cruite Irene , Shiehmorteza Masoud , Wolfson Tanya , Gamst Anthony C. , Hamilton Gavin , Bydder Mark , Middleton Michael S. , Sirlin Claude B. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐determined proton density fat fraction (PDFF) reproducibility across two MR scanner platforms and, using MR spectroscopy (MRS)‐determined PDFF as reference standard, to confirm MRI‐determined PDFF estimation accuracy.Materials and Methods:This prospective, cross‐sectional, crossover, observational pilot study was approved by an Institutional Review Board. Twenty‐one subjects gave written informed consent and underwent liver MRI and MRS at both 1.5T (Siemens Symphony scanner) and 3T (GE Signa Excite HD scanner). MRI‐determined PDFF was estimated using an axial 2D spoiled gradient‐recalled echo sequence with low flip‐angle to minimize T1 bias and six echo‐times to permit correction of T2* and fat‐water signal interference effects. MRS‐determined PDFF was estimated using a stimulated‐echo acquisition mode sequence with long repetition time to minimize T1 bias and five echo times to permit T2 correction. Interscanner reproducibility of MRI determined PDFF was assessed by correlation analysis; accuracy was assessed separately at each field strength by linear regression analysis using MRS‐determined PDFF as reference standard.Results:1.5T and 3T MRI‐determined PDFF estimates were highly correlated (r = 0.992). MRI‐determined PDFF estimates were accurate at both 1.5T (regression slope/intercept = 0.958/‐0.48) and 3T (slope/intercept = 1.020/0.925) against the MRS‐determined PDFF reference.Conclusion:MRI‐determined PDFF estimation is reproducible and, using MRS‐determined PDFF as reference standard, accurate across two MR scanner platforms at 1.5T and 3T. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Screening and rank ordering of reversible mechanism‐based inhibitors of Hepatitis C virus NS3 protease using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Liu Yan‐Hui , Ramanathan Lata , Malcolm Bruce , Njoroge George , Chan Tin‐Yau , Pramanik Birendra N. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAn affinity‐selection study using size exclusion chromatography (SEC) combined with off‐line electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) was performed on libraries of peptidic α‐ketoamide inhibitors directed against the hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3 protease. A limiting amount of HCV NS3 protease (25 µM) was incubated with equimolar amounts (100 µM) of 49 reversible mechanism‐based ketoamide inhibitors, previously grouped into seven sets to ensure clearly distinguishable mass differences of the enzyme‐inhibitor complexes (>10 Da). The unbound compounds were separated rapidly from the protease and the protease‐inhibitor complexes by SEC spin columns. The eluate of the SEC was immediately analyzed by direct‐infusion ESI‐MS. An enzyme‐inhibitor complex, with a molecular mass corresponding to the NS3 protease binding to the preferred inhibitor, SCH212986, was the only molecular species detected. By increasing the molar ratio of HCV NS3 protease to inhibitors to 1:2 while keeping the inhibitors' concentration constant, the complex of the second most tightly bound inhibitor, SCH215426, was also identified. Although the potencies of these inhibitors were virtually un‐measurable by kinetic assays, a rank order of CVS4441 > SCH212986 > SCH215426 was deduced for their inhibition potencies by direct competition experiment with CVS4441 ($K_{\rm {i}}^* > 80 \mu$ M). As discussed in the article, through judicious application of this strategy, even large libraries of fairly weak, reversible and slow‐binding inhibitors could be rapidly screened and rank ordered to provide critical initial structure‐activity insights. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular evidence for maternal inheritance of the chloroplast genome in tea, Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze
Authors: Kaundun Shiv Shankhar , Matsumoto Satoru 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Tea is the most consumed beverage worldwide after water. Yet very little is known about the genetics of tea in comparison with other crop species. Here we have taken advantage of the polymorphic nature of microsatellite DNA to investigate the mode of chloroplast inheritance in tea, Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze. This is important for the correct interpretation of phylogeny and introgression data as well as assessing the suitability of chloroplast transformation as a means for transgene containment in tea.RESULTS: The study was based on six Japanese tea cultivars, namely Aj2, CK23, Hatsumomiji, Nka05, Yamanoibuki and Kanayamidori used to generate four informative families. The parental pairs in the crosses differed at a single chlroroplast locus with respect to an imperfect microsatellite repeat of 16 nucleotide bases. In agreement with earlier cytological studies, all 61 progeny displayed a cpDNA profile that was consistent with the maternal inheritance of chloroplasts in tea.CONCLUSIONS: The data generated here provide the first molecular evidence of the plastid inheritance in tea. However, we suggest that additional families and polymorphic markers be screened for increasing the confidence in the observed maternal inheritance of chloroplasts in this important crop species. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Integrating crops and livestock in subtropical agricultural systems
Authors: Wright Iain A , Tarawali Shirley , Blümmel Michael , Gerard Bruno , Teufel Nils , Herrero Mario 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAs the demand for livestock products increases, and is expected to continue to increase over the next few decades, especially in developing countries, smallholder mixed systems are becoming more intensive. However, with limited land and water resources and concern about the environmental impact of agricultural practices and climate change, the challenge is to find ways of increasing productivity that do not compromise household food security, but rather increase incomes equitably and sustain or enhance the natural resource base. In developed countries there has been increased specialisation of crop and livestock production. In contrast, the majority of livestock in developing countries is kept in mixed crop/livestock systems. Crops (cereal grains and pulses) and crop residues provide the basis of the diet for animals, e.g. cereal straw fed to dairy cattle or sweet potato vines fed to pigs. Animal manure can provide significant nutrient inputs to crops. Water productivity is higher in mixed crop/livestock systems compared with growing crops alone. Mixed systems allow for a more flexible and profitable use of family labour where employment opportunities are limited. They also spread risks across several enterprises, a consideration in smallholder systems that may become even more important under certain climate change scenarios. Integrated crop/livestock systems can play a significant role in improving global food security but will require appropriate technological developments, institutional arrangements and supportive policy environments if they are to fulfil that potential in the coming decades. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Salt marsh harvest mouse demography and habitat use in the Suisun Marsh, California
Authors: Sustaita Diego , Quickert Patty Finfrock , Patterson Laura , Barthman‐Thompson Laureen , Estrella Sarah 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe undertook a 2‐year (2002–2004) mark–recapture study to investigate demographic performance and habitat use of salt marsh harvest mice (Reithrodontomys raviventris halicoetes) in the Suisun Marsh. We examined the effects of different wetland types and microhabitats on 3 demographic variables: density, reproductive potential, and persistence. Our results indicate that microhabitats dominated by mixed vegetation or pickleweed (Salicornia spp.) supported similar salt marsh harvest mouse densities, reproductive potential, and persistence throughout much of the year, whereas few salt marsh harvest mice inhabited upland grass‐dominated microhabitats. We found that densities were higher in diked wetlands, whereas post‐winter persistence was higher in tidal wetlands, and reproductive potential did not differ statistically between wetland types. Our results emphasize the importance of mixed vegetation for providing adequate salt marsh harvest mouse habitat and suggest that, despite their physiognomic and hydrological differences, both diked and tidal wetlands support salt marsh harvest mouse populations by promoting different demographic attributes. We recommend that habitat management, restoration, and enhancement efforts include areas containing mixed vegetation in addition to pickleweed in both diked and tidal wetlands. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Effects of predator treatments, individual traits, and environment on moose survival in Alaska
Authors: Keech Mark A. , Lindberg Mark S. , Boertje Rodney D. , Valkenburg Patrick , Taras Brian D. , Boudreau Toby A. , Beckmen Kimberlee B. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe studied moose (Alces alces) survival, physical condition, and abundance in a 3‐predator system in western Interior Alaska, USA, during 2001–2007. Our objective was to quantify the effects of predator treatments on moose population dynamics by investigating changes in survival while evaluating the contribution of potentially confounding covariates. In May 2003 and 2004, we reduced black bear (Ursus americanus) and brown bear (U. arctos) numbers by translocating bears ≥240 km from the study area. Aircraft‐assisted take reduced wolf (Canis lupus) numbers markedly in the study area during 2004–2007. We estimated black bears were reduced by approximately 96% by June 2004 and recovered to within 27% of untreated numbers by May 2007. Brown bears were reduced approximately 50% by June 2004. Late‐winter wolf numbers were reduced by 75% by 2005 and likely remained at these levels through 2007. In addition to predator treatments, moose hunting closures during 2004–2007 reduced harvests of male moose by 60% in the study area. Predator treatments resulted in increased calf survival rates during summer (primarily from reduced black bear predation) and autumn (primarily from reduced wolf predation). Predator treatments had little influence on survival of moose calves during winter; instead, calf survival was influenced by snow depth and possibly temperature. Increased survival of moose calves during summer and autumn combined with relatively constant winter survival in most years led to a corresponding increase in annual survival of calves following predator treatments. Nonpredation mortalities of calves increased following predator treatments; however, this increase provided little compensation to the decrease in predation mortalities resulting from treatments. Thus, predator‐induced calf mortality was primarily additive. Summer survival of moose calves was positively related to calf mass (β > 0.07, SE = 0.073) during treated years and lower (β = −0.82, SE = 0.247) for twins than singletons during all years. Following predator treatments, survival of yearling moose increased 8.7% for females and 21.4% for males during summer and 2.2% for females and 15.6% for males during autumn. Annual survival of adult (≥2 yr old) female moose also increased in treated years and was negatively (β = −0.21, SE = 0.078) related to age. Moose density increased 45%, from 0.38 moose/km2 in 2001 to 0.55 moose/km2 in 2007, which resulted from annual increases in overall survival of moose, not increases in reproductive rates. Indices of nutritional status remained constant throughout our study despite increased moose density. This information can be used by wildlife managers and policymakers to better understand the outcomes of predator treatments in Alaska and similar environments. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
SOIL PROPERTY CHANGES FOLLOWING IRRIGATION WITH COALBED NATURAL GAS WATER: ROLE OF WATER TREATMENTS, SOIL AMENDMENTS AND LAND SUITABILITY
Authors: Johnston C. R. , Vance G. F. , Ganjegunte G. K. 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTSaline‐sodic water is a by‐product of coalbed natural gas (CBNG) production in the Powder River Basin of Wyoming, USA and is being beneficially used in places as irrigation water. This study evaluated effects of 2 years of natural precipitation on soil properties of a hay field after the cessation of managed irrigation with CBNG water. The hay field had been irrigated with only CBNG water [CBNG(NT)], CBNG water amended with gypsum [CBNG(G)] or gypsum plus sulfur via a sulfur burner [CBNG(GSB)] in combination with soil amendments—gypsum (+G), elemental sulfur (+S), and both (+GS). Results indicated that infiltration rates were the lowest on fields irrigated with CBNG(NT), followed by CBNG(G) and CBNG(NT)+G treatments (12·2, 13·2, and 13·5 cm h−1, respectively). The CBNG(GSB)+GS treatment had the highest infiltration rates (33·5 cm h−1). By the second year, salinity and sodicity of treated soils had decreased in the A‐horizon of most CBNG‐water irrigated plots, whereas in Bt1‐ and Bt2‐horizons salinity generally decreased but sodicity increased; S and GS soil amended plots had higher profile salinities compared with NT and G soil treatments. Although Na+ leaching was observed in all fields that received soil and/or water amendments, CBNG(GSB)+GS plots had the lowest sodicity in the A‐ and Bt1‐horizons. Effective managed irrigation requires knowledge of site‐specific soil properties, plant suitability, water chemistry, and amendments that would be needed to treat the CBNG waters and soils. This study indicates the greatest success was realized when using both soil and water amendments. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
2‐Methoxyestradiol induced bax phosphorylation and apoptosis in human retinoblastoma cells via p38 MAPK activation
Authors: Min Hongbo , Ghatnekar Gautam S. , Ghatnekar Angela V. , You Xiaohong , Bu Min , Guo Xinyi , Bu Shizhong , Shen Bo , Huang Qin 
Published: July 2011

AbstractRetinoblastoma (Rb) is a common childhood intraocular cancer that affects approximately 300 children each year in the United States alone. 2‐Methoxyestradiol (2ME), an endogenous metabolite of 17‐β‐estradiol that dose not bind to nuclear estrogen receptor, exhibits potent apoptotic activity against rapidly growing tumor cells. Here, we report that 2ME induction of apoptosis was demonstrated by early fragmented DNA after 48 h of incubation with 10 µM 2ME in Rb cell lines. Subsequently, a decrease of proliferation was observed in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner. Further analysis of the mechanism indicates that p38 kinase plays a critical role in 2ME‐induced apoptosis in Y79 cells, even though ERK was also activated by 2ME under the same conditions. Activation of p38 kinase also mediates 2ME induced Bax phosphorylated at Thr167 after a 6 h treatment of 2ME, which in turn prevents formation of the Bcl‐2‐Bax heterodimer. Both p38 specific inhibitor, SB 203580, or p38 knockdown by specific siRNA, blocked 2ME induction of Bax phosphorylation. Furthermore, only transiently transfected mutant BaxT167A, but not Bax S163A, inhibited 2ME‐induced apoptosis. In summary, our data suggest that 2ME induces apoptosis in human Rb cells by causing phosphorylation of p38 Mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK), which appears to be correlated with phosphorlation of Bax. This understanding of 2ME's ability may help develop it as a promising therapeutic candidate by inducing apoptosis in a Rb. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Finite strain analysis of nonuniform deformation inside shear bands in sands
Authors: Chupin O. , Rechenmacher A. L. , Abedi S. 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYA methodology has been developed to extend the incremental (Eulerian) Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique to enable a Lagrangian‐based large‐strain analysis framework to examine the nature of strain and kinematic nonuniformity within shear bands in sands. Plane strain compression tests are performed on dense sands in an apparatus that promotes unconstrained persistent shear band formation. DIC is used to capture incremental, grain‐scale displacements in and around shear bands. The performance of the developed accumulation algorithm is validated by comparing accumulated displacements with two sources of reference measurements. A comparison between large and infinitesimal rotation is performed, demonstrating the nature of straining within shear bands in sands and the necessity of using a finite strain formulation to characterize ensuing behavior. Volumetric strain variation along the shear band is analyzed throughout macroscopic postpeak deformation. During softening, volumetric activity within the shear band is purely dilative. During the global critical state, the shear band material is seen on the average to deform at zero volumetric strain; however, locally, the sand is seen to exhibit significant nonzero volumetric strain, putting into question the current definition of critical state. At the softening‐critical state transition, a spatially periodic pattern of alternating contraction and dilation along the shear band is evidenced, and a preliminary evaluation indicates that the periodicity appears to be a physical phenomenon dictated only in part by median grain size. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.