bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Listeria monocytogenes σBRegulon and Its Virulence-Associated Functions Are Inhibited by a Small Molecule
Authors: Palmer M. Elizabeth , Chaturongakul Soraya , Wiedmann Martin , Boor Kathryn J. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThe stress-responsive alternative sigma factor σBis conserved across diverse Gram-positive bacterial genera. InListeria monocytogenes, σBregulates transcription of >150 genes, including genes contributing to virulence and to bacterial survival under host-associated stress conditions, such as those encountered in the human gastrointestinal lumen. An inhibitor ofL. monocytogenesσBactivity was identified by screening ~57,000 natural and synthesized small molecules using a high-throughput cell-based assay. The compound fluoro-phenyl-styrene-sulfonamide (FPSS) (IC50= 3.5 µM) downregulated the majority of genes previously identified as members of the σBregulon inL. monocytogenes10403S, thus generating a transcriptional profile comparable to that of a 10403S ΔsigBstrain. Specifically, of the 208 genes downregulated by FPSS, 75% had been identified previously as positively regulated by σB. Downregulated genes included key virulence and stress response genes, such asinlA,inlB,bsh,hfq,opuC, andbilE. From a functional perspective, FPSS also inhibitedL. monocytogenesinvasion of human intestinal epithelial cells and bile salt hydrolase activity. The ability of FPSS to inhibit σBactivity in bothL. monocytogenesandBacillus subtilisindicates its utility as a specific inhibitor of σBacross multiple Gram-positive genera.IMPORTANCEThe σBtranscription factor regulates expression of genes responsible for bacterial survival under changing environmental conditions and for virulence; therefore, this alternative sigma factor is important for transmission ofL. monocytogenesand other Gram-positive bacteria. Regulation of σBactivity is complex and tightly controlled, reflecting the key role of this factor in bacterial metabolism. We present multiple lines of evidence indicating that fluoro-phenyl-styrene-sulfonamide (FPSS) specifically inhibits activity of σBacross Gram-positive bacterial genera, i.e., in bothListeria monocytogenesandBacillus subtilis. Therefore, FPSS is an important new tool that will enable novel approaches for exploring complex regulatory networks inL. monocytogenesand other Gram-positive pathogens and for investigating small-molecule applications for controlling pathogen transmission.
Genomics of Bacterial and Archaeal Viruses: Dynamics within the Prokaryotic Virosphere
Authors: Krupovic Mart , Prangishvili David , Hendrix Roger W. , Bamford Dennis H. 
Published: December 2011

SUMMARY
Prokaryotes, bacteria and archaea, are the most abundant cellular organisms among those sharing the planet Earth with human beings (among others). However, numerous ecological studies have revealed that it is actually prokaryotic viruses that predominate on our planet and outnumber their hosts by at least an order of magnitude. An understanding of how this viral domain is organized and what are the mechanisms governing its evolution is therefore of great interest and importance. The vast majority of characterized prokaryotic viruses belong to the order Caudovirales, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) bacteriophages with tails. Consequently, these viruses have been studied (and reviewed) extensively from both genomic and functional perspectives. However, albeit numerous, tailed phages represent only a minor fraction of the prokaryotic virus diversity. Therefore, the knowledge which has been generated for this viral system does not offer a comprehensive view of the prokaryotic virosphere. In this review, we discuss all families of bacterial and archaeal viruses that contain more than one characterized member and for which evolutionary conclusions can be attempted by use of comparative genomic analysis. We focus on the molecular mechanisms of their genome evolution as well as on the relationships between different viral groups and plasmids. It becomes clear that evolutionary mechanisms shaping the genomes of prokaryotic viruses vary between different families and depend on the type of the nucleic acid, characteristics of the virion structure, as well as the mode of the life cycle. We also point out that horizontal gene transfer is not equally prevalent in different virus families and is not uniformly unrestricted for diverse viral functions.
Provider-Directed Imaging Stress Testing Reduces Health Care Expenditures in Lower-Risk Chest Pain Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department
Authors: Miller Chadwick D. , Hoekstra James W. , Lefebvre Cedric , Blumstein Howard , Hamilton Craig A. , Harper Erin N. , Mahler Simon , Diercks Deborah B. , Neiberg Rebecca , Hundley W. Gregory 
Published: December 2011

Background—
Among intermediate- to high-risk patients with chest pain, we have shown that a cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) stress test strategy implemented in an observation unit (OU) reduces 1-year health care costs compared with inpatient care. In this study, we compare 2 OU strategies to determine among lower-risk patients if a mandatory CMR stress test strategy was more effective than a physicians' ability to select a stress test modality.

Methods and Results—

On emergency department arrival and referral to the OU for management of low- to intermediate-risk chest pain, 120 individuals were randomly assigned to receive (1) a CMR stress imaging test (n=60) or (2) a provider-selected stress test (n=60: stress echo [62%], CMR [32%], cardiac catheterization [3%], nuclear [2%], and coronary CT [2%]). No differences were detected in length of stay (median CMR=24.2 hours versus 23.8 hours,
P
=0.75), catheterization without revascularization (CMR=0% versus 3%), appropriateness of admission decisions (CMR 87% versus 93%,
P
=0.36), or 30-day acute coronary syndrome (both 3%). Median cost was higher among those randomly assigned to the CMR-mandated group ($2005 versus $1686,
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—
In patients with lower-risk chest pain receiving emergency department–directed OU care, the ability of a physician to select a cardiac stress imaging modality (including echocardiography, CMR, or radionuclide testing) was more cost-effective than a pathway that mandates a CMR stress test. Contrary to prior observations in individuals with intermediate- to high-risk chest pain, in those with lower-risk chest pain, these results highlight the importance of physician-related choices during acute coronary syndrome diagnostic protocols.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00869245.
Determinants and Consequences of Renal Function Variations With Aldosterone Blocker Therapy in Heart Failure Patients After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Rossignol Patrick , Cleland John G.F. , Bhandari Sunil , Tala Stéphane , Gustafsson Finn , Fay Renaud , Lamiral Zohra , Dobre Daniela , Pitt Bertram , Zannad Faiez 
Published: December 2011

Background—
We evaluated the effect of the selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist eplerenone on renal function and the interaction between changes in renal function and subsequent cardiovascular outcomes in patients with heart failure and left ventricular systolic dysfunction after an acute myocardial infarction in the Eplerenone Post–Acute Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure Efficacy and Survival Study (EPHESUS).

Methods and Results—

Serial changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were available in 5792 patients during a 24-month follow-up. Patients assigned to eplerenone had a decline in eGFR with an adjusted mean difference of −1.4±0.3 mL · min
−1
· 1.73 m
−2
compared with placebo (
P
<0.0001), an effect that appeared within the first month (−1.3±0.4 mL · min
−1
· 1.73 m
−2
) and persisted throughout the study. Overall, 914 patients experienced a decline in eGFR >20% in the first month, 16.9% and 14.7% in the eplerenone and placebo groups, respectively (odds ratio, 1.15; 95% confidence interval, 1.02–1.30;
P
=0.017). In multivariate analyses, determinants of this early decline in eGFR were female sex, age ≥65 years, smoking, left ventricular ejection fraction <35%, and use of eplerenone and loop diuretic. An early decline in eGFR by >20% was associated with worse cardiovascular outcomes independently of baseline eGFR and of the use of eplerenone, which retained its prognostic benefits even under these circumstances.

Conclusions—
In patients with heart failure after acute myocardial infarction and receiving standard medical care, an early decline in eGFR is not uncommon and is associated with poor long-term outcome. Eplerenone induced a moderately more frequent early decline in eGFR, which did not affect its clinical benefit on cardiovascular outcomes.
'Tenebo hunc ordinem', Methods and structure of medieval law lectures (12th–14th centuries). –
Authors: Padovani Andrea 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe well known ordo legendi diffused by Cinus among later commentators was a framework structured as a sequence of various steps and moments: divisio textus, positio casus, collectio notabilium, oppositiones and quaestiones. Some of them appear early in the didactic experience of Ioannes Bassianus and, more extensively, in the lecturae held, during the 13th century, by jurists, theologians and artistae as well: to be sure, with relevant differences mainly concerning the meaning of the employed terms. The decay of the glossa as a tool to explain the Corpus Iuris of Justinian in the schools and the diffusion of new styles in approaching the legal texts, made the expositio ordinis a frequent, somehow basic element of the lectura and of the commentum. From the times of Odofredus it occurs mainly when the lex meets heavy problems of interpretation: but not always in the complete sequence of the above mentioned moments. Contraria and quaestiones mark in any case the core of the exposition, according to the scholastic role of medieval dialectics. Different in their respective purposes, they nevertheless share the same logical procedure. From this point of view, an interesting and still inexplicable convergence of methods (and related terminology) can be observed in the age of Cinus between lawyers and artistae, both teaching at the University of Bologna.
Changes and Consistencies in Diabetes Education Over 5 Years
Authors: Martin Annette Lenzi 
Published: December 2011

Purpose The purpose of the National Diabetes Education Practice Survey (NPS) of the American Association of Diabetes Educators (AADE) is to describe the current diabetes education practice and specific interventions and responsibilities of diabetes educators in the United States. Method The 2010 NPS contained 52 items addressing diabetes education program structure, processes, interventions, outcomes, quality improvement, and adoption of health care reform models and AADE guidelines. The survey was hosted online, with 2513 AADE members participating. The 2010 results were compared with those from previous surveys. Results The majority of 2010 respondents provided diabetes education at one site, most commonly in a clinical outpatient/managed care setting. A wide range of services, including patient support, were provided. Team member functions, hours spent, and instructional methods also varied widely. More than half of programs measured at least one behavioral and clinical outcome in 2010. Most programs engaged in quality improvement. Many respondents were unfamiliar with the patient-centered medical home and accountable care organization models. Conclusions The results highlight the need for educators to increase their reporting of outcomes. Educators are also urged to raise their knowledge of health care delivery reform models. Wider adoption of AADE diabetes education practice guidelines will help ensure effective team involvement and optimal patient-centered education. Despite an increase in hours spent on diabetes self-management education and training (DSME/T) and clinical functions in diabetes education, many programs operated at a financial loss in 2010, underscoring the need for improved reimbursement of these services. Continuation of the NPS biannually is recommended.
Health Communication With Chinese Americans About Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Ho Evelyn Y. , Chesla Catherine A. , Chun Kevin M. 
Published: December 2011

Purpose Chinese Americans are at high risk for type 2 diabetes and face some health disparities that can be attributed to language barriers, cultural differences, and access to care. The purpose of this article is to review current literature and establish best practices regarding health communication about type 2 diabetes for Chinese Americans. The authors reviewed clinical research literature from January 2000 to April 2011 to assess current knowledge about providing diabetes management guidance to Chinese Americans. Conclusions To improve health communication and dissemination of health information to Chinese Americans regarding diabetes and diabetes management, research scholars, health care providers, and diabetes educators can analyze current health messages by source, message, audience, channel, and destination characteristics. Extensive research has led to clear guidelines focusing on language-appropriate materials, an understanding of Chinese food beliefs and family practices, and the importance of culturally competent health care providers. However, many Chinese Americans are using Chinese foods and medicinal herbs with little communication between patients and providers about these practices. Although Chinese Americans are not a homogenous group, this article points to a set of cultural considerations that health care providers should address when working with Chinese Americans. By attending to various qualities of health messages, efforts at diabetes prevention and management may be greatly enhanced.
High-risk cytogenetics and persistent minimal residual disease by multiparameter flow cytometry predict unsustained complete response after autologous stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma
Authors: Paiva Bruno , Gutiérrez Norma C. , Rosiñol Laura , Vídriales María-Belén , Montalbán María-Ángeles , Martínez-López Joaquín , Mateos María-Victoria , Cibeira María-Teresa , Cordón Lourdes , Oriol Albert , Terol María-José , Echeveste María-Asunción , de Paz Raquel , de Arriba Felipe , Palomera Luis , de la Rubia Javier , Díaz-Mediavilla Joaquín , Sureda Anna , Gorosquieta Ana , Alegre Adrian , Martin Alejandro , Hernández Miguel T. , Lahuerta Juan-José , Bladé Joan , San Miguel Jesús F. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The achievement of complete response (CR) after high-dose therapy/autologous stem cell transplantation (HDT/ASCT) is a surrogate for prolonged survival in multiple myeloma; however, patients who lose their CR status within 1 year of HDT/ASCT (unsustained CR) have poor prognosis. Thus, the identification of these patients is highly relevant. Here, we investigate which prognostic markers can predict unsustained CR in a series of 241 patients in CR at day +100 after HDT/ASCT who were enrolled in the Spanish GEM2000 (n = 140) and GEM2005 < 65y (n = 101) trials. Twenty-nine (12%) of the 241 patients showed unsustained CR and a dismal outcome (median overall survival 39 months). The presence of baseline high-risk cytogenetics by FISH (hazard ratio 17.3; P = .002) and persistent minimal residual disease by multiparameter flow cytometry at day +100 after HDT/ASCT (hazard ratio 8.0; P = .005) were the only independent factors that predicted unsustained CR. Thus, these 2 parameters may help to identify patients in CR at risk of early progression after HDT/ASCT in whom novel treatments should be investigated.
Protease Inhibitor–Associated QT Interval Prolongation
Authors: Hunt Kimberley , Hughes Christine A , Hills-Nieminen Cara 
Published: December 2011

Objective: To evaluate the literature on protease inhibitor (PI)-associated QT interval prolongation and risk for torsade de pointes in patients infected by HIV. Data Sources: Primary literature was identified through MEDLINE (1950-August 2011) and EMBASE (1980-August 2011), using the following search terms: antiretroviral agents, HIV, protease inhibitors, QTc, QT prolongation, and torsade de pointes. Study Selection and Data Extraction: English-language case reports of antiretroviral therapy–associated QT interval prolongation, studies of healthy volunteers, or studies that evaluated the impact of Pls on QT interval in patients infected with HIV were reviewed and selected. Article bibliographies and conference abstracts were also reviewed. Data Synthesis: Several case reports, as well as in vitro data, have implicated PIs as a potential cause of QT interval prolongation and/or torsade de pointes. Saquinavir, therapeutically boosted with the potent CYP3A4 inhibitor ritonavir, was the only PI shown to be associated with significant QT interval prolongation in studies with healthy volunteers. While 1 case control study in HIV-infected patients found that nelfinavir or efavirenz, a nonnucleoslde reverse transcriptase inhibitor, increased the risk of QT interval prolongation, larger prospective studies have not demonstrated any significant increase in QT interval following exposure to PIs. Similar risk factors for QT interval prolongation seen in non-HIV-infected patients, such as older age, female sex, ethnicity, cardiac conditions, diabetes mellitus, and concomitant use of other QT interval-prolonging medications, especially methadone, were risk factors identified in studies of HIV-infected patients. Conclusions: PIs do not appear to independently predispose patients to QT interval prolongation. However, other risk factors (both HIV-related and non-HIV-related) may increase the risk of QT interval prolongation. Available data suggest that baseline and follow-up electrocardiogram monitoring are unnecessary precautions, but may be considered in patients who are initiating PI therapy and are on multiple medications with proarrhythmic potential and/or have multiple comorbidities, increasing the risk.
Resistance to dopamine agonists in prolactinoma is correlated with reduction of dopamine D2 receptor long isoform mRNA levels
Authors: Shimazu Satoko , Shimatsu Akira , Yamada Shozo , Inoshita Naoko , Nagamura Yuko , Usui Takeshi , Tsukada Toshihiko 
Published: December 2011

ObjectiveDopamine agonists normalize prolactin (PRL) levels and reduce tumour size in responsive prolactinoma. However, several cases have shown resistance to dopamine agonists upon initial treatment. Infrequently, prolactinoma initially responds, but then becomes refractory to prolonged treatment (secondary resistance). We investigated the possible mechanisms of resistance to dopamine agonists.Subjects and methodsTwelve cases of prolactinoma were surgically resected and classified according to the responsiveness of PRL levels and tumour size to dopamine agonists: good responders (n=5), poor responders (n=5), or secondary resistance (n=2). We examined the expression of dopamine D2receptor (D2R) isoform (short: D2S and long: D2L) mRNA and protein. We investigated DNA methylation patterns in the promoter region of theDRD2gene.ResultsThe predominant D2R isoform expressed in prolactinoma was D2L. Levels of D2L mRNA were significantly lower in secondary resistance and poor responders than in good responders. Expression of D2R protein was variable among cases. Almost no CpG sites of theDRD2gene promoter region were methylated.ConclusionResistance of prolactinoma to dopamine agonists is correlated with a reduction in D2L isoform mRNA levels. Silencing of theDRD2gene by methylation in the promoter region is unlikely to play a role in dopamine agonist resistance in prolactinoma.
Comparative Evaluation of Turmeric and Chlorhexidine Gluconate Mouthwash in Prevention of Plaque Formation and Gingivitis: A Clinical and Microbiological Study
Authors: Chaudhari AU , Karhadkar VM , Waghmare PF , Jamkhande AS 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT

Aim
To compare the efficacy of turmeric mouthwash and chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash in prevention of gingivitis and plaque formation.

Materials and methods
A total of 100 randomly selected subjects visiting the Department of Periodontology at Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Dental College and Hospital, were considered for the study. The gingival index (GI) by Loe and Silness was recorded which was followed by Turesky- Gilmore-Glickman modification of Quigley Hein plaque index (TQHPI) at 0, 14 and 21 days. Individuals who gave an informed consent, subjects in the age group of 25 to 35 years with having fair and poor gingival index scores and a score >1 for plaque index, were included in the study.

Results
Results showed statistically significant reduction (p < 0.05) in mean plaque index (PI) with chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash when compared with turmeric mouthwash. No significant difference in mean gingival index (GI) was seen when chlorhexidine mouthwash was compared with turmeric mouthwash. Significant reduction in total microbial count (p < 0.05) was observed in both the groups. No significant difference was observed in total microbial count when chlorhexidine mouthwash was compared with turmeric mouthwash.

Conclusion
From the above observations, it can be concluded that chlorhexidine gluconate as well as turmeric mouthwash can be effectively used as an adjunct to mechanical plaque control methods in prevention of plaque and gingivitis. Chlorhexidine gluconate has been found to be more effective when antiplaque property was considered.

Clinical significance
From this study, it could be stated that turmeric is definitely a good adjunct to mechanical plaque control. Further studies are required on turmeric based mouthwash to establish it as a low cost plaque control measure.

How to cite this article
Waghmare PF, Chaudhari AU, Karhadkar VM, Jamkhande AS. Comparative Evaluation of Turmeric and Chlorhexidine Gluconate Mouthwash in Prevention of Plaque Formation and Gingivitis: A Clinical and Microbiological Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(4): 221-224.
The Free Rotated Papilla Autograft—A Bilaminar Procedure for the Coverage of Multiple Shallow Gingival Recessions: A Biometric Evaluation
Authors: Koganti Vijay Prasad , Chandrashekhar L , Srinivas SD , Kumar M Kiran 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT
The present clinical study was attempted to evaluate biometrically the predictability of free rotated papilla autograft for multiple shallow gingival recessions.

Materials and methods
Fifteen systemically healthy patients with multiple gingival recessions underwent the procedure the probing depth, percentage of root coverage width of keratinized gingiva, width of attached gingiva were recorded at baseline 3 and 12 months.

Results
All parameters significantly improved from baseline to 12 months. The mean probing depth 1 mm ± 0 mm at baseline which was increased to 1.175 ± 0.245 mm at the end of 3 months and remained same at 12 months. The mean gingival recession was 2.35 ± 0.516 mm at baseline which was improved to 0.425 ± 0.245 mm at the end of 3 months and remained same at 12 months. The mean width of keratinized gingiva was 1.157 ± 0.245 mm at baseline which was improved to 3.15 ± 0.489 mm at the end of 3 months and remained same at 12 months. The mean width of attached gingiva 0.175 ± 0.245 mm at baseline which was improved to 1.975 ± 0.415 mm at the end of 3 months and remained same at 12 months.

Conclusion
The mucogingival surgery resulted in achieving high degree of success and predictability as well as an excellent esthetic outcome.

Clinical significance
Free rotated papilla autograft is a predictabe treatment modality for multiple shallow gingival recessions.

How to cite this article
Koganti VP, Chandrashekhar L, Srinivas SD, Kumar MK. The Free Rotated Papilla Autograft— A Bilaminar Procedure for the Coverage of Multiple Shallow Gingival Recessions: A Biometric Evaluation. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(4):245-251.