bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Depression on Mortality in Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Recipients—Findings from the Prospective LICAD Study
Authors: TZEIS STYLIANOS , KOLB CHRISTOF , BAUMERT JENS , REENTS TILKO , ZRENNER BERNHARD , DEISENHOFER ISABEL , RONEL JORAM , ANDRIKOPOULOS GEORGE , LADWIG KARL‐HEINZ 
Published: March 2011

Introduction: Depression predicts mortality in patients with coronary artery disease and heart failure. However, its effect on patient outcome in the presence of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) has not been investigated.
Methods: A total of 236 ICD patients (76 females, 58.6 ± 14.0 years) were screened for depressive symptoms using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The outcome measure was all‐cause mortality and the prognostic effect of depression was evaluated with Cox proportional hazards regression analysis.
Results: Fifty (21%) patients reported depressive symptoms (HADS score ≥ 8). Renal failure (odds ratio [OR]= 4.0, 95% confidence intervals [CI]= 1.47–10.87, P = 0.007), prior angina (OR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.07–4.12, P = 0.03), but not the experience of ICD shocks were associated with baseline depressive symptoms. In a mean follow‐up period of 6.1 ± 2.5 years, 74 patients (31%) died. Mortality significantly increased from 45.1 deaths per 1,000 person‐years among patients without depression to 80.3 deaths per 1,000 person‐years in patients with depressive symptoms (P = 0.039). In the univariate model, depression (HADS score ≥8) was a significant predictor of mortality (OR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.1–3.0, P = 0.02). However, in the multivariate model, depression lost its prognostic significance.
Conclusions: In our prospective patient cohort, one‐fifth of ICD recipients reported depressive symptoms. Depression increased the absolute mortality risk but was not an independent predictor of mortality. (PACE 2011; 34:991–997)
Safety and Effectiveness of Primary Prevention Cardioverter defibrillators in Octogenarians
Authors: STRIMEL WILLIAM , KOPLIK SHERI , CHEN H. ROBERT , SONG JUHEE , HUANG SHOEI K. STEPHEN 
Published: March 2011

Background: Implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators (ICDs) reduce the rate of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in patients with cardiomyopathy and reduced left ventricular systolic function. It is unclear if this benefit extends to the very elderly patient population.
Methods: Patients who underwent initial ICD implantation at age 80 or older between January 1995 and April 2010 for primary SCD prevention were identified. Clinical data were collected from the medical record, including periprocedural complications, device type, and therapies delivered.
Results: Three‐hundred eighty patients were identified; 84 patients met eligibility criteria. The mean age was 82.68 years; mean follow‐up was 34 months. Mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 28.1%. Mortality during follow‐up was 17.9%. One‐ and 5‐year survival estimates were 100% and 60%, respectively. Periprocedural complications occurred in 9.4% of patients; serious complications occurred in 4.8% with no periprocedural deaths. Device therapies occurred in 11.9% (n = 10) of patients (9.5% appropriate, n = 8; 2.4% inappropriate, n = 2). Cardiac resynchronization therapy‐defibrillator (CRT‐D) implantation was associated with prolonged median survival and decreased risk of death (hazard ratio 0.212; 95% confidence interval 0.048−.942, P = 0.042) compared to ICD alone.
Conclusions: Implantation of primary prevention ICDs in patients 80 years of age or older was associated with a low risk of serious complications and a 5‐year survival estimate of 60%. Inappropriate therapies after implantation were uncommon. CRT‐D implantation was associated with a decreased risk of death compared to ICD alone. These data suggest that, in selected patients in this age group, ICD implantation is safe and effective. (PACE 2011; 34:900–906)
Dimensional profile of oral mucosa around combined tooth‐implant‐supported bridgework in macaque mandible
Authors: Siar Chong Huat , Toh Chooi Gait , Ali Tara Bai Taiyeb , Seiz Doris , Ong Siew Tin 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Purpose: A stable oral mucosa is crucial for long‐term survival and biofunctionality of implants. Most of this evidence is derived from clinical and animal studies based solely on implant‐supported prosthesis. Much less is known about the dimensions and relationships of this soft tissue complex investing tooth‐implant‐supported bridgework (TISB). The aim here was to obtain experimental evidence on the dimensional characteristics of oral mucosa around TISB with two different abutment designs.
Methods: Sixteen 3‐unit TISB were constructed bilaterally in the mandible of eight adult Macaca fascicularis. An implant system with a standard progressive thread design was the bone‐anchoring implant in the second mandibular molar region while the second mandibular premolar served as the natural tooth abutment. Eight implants were connected with the tapered abutment, the remaining with butt‐joint abutment, in a split‐mouth design. These were allowed to functional load for 6 months before sacrification for histomorphometry. Six soft tissue indices were scored: coronal gingival mucosa‐to‐implant top distance (DIM); sulcus depth (SD); junctional epithelium (JE); connective tissue contact (CTC); implant top to first bone‐to‐implant contact distance (DIB); and biologic width (BW=SD+JE+CTC); corresponding parameters in the natural tooth abutment were also measured.
Results: Mucosal dimensions in tapered implants (*BW=3.33±0.43; SD=1.03±0.24; JE=1.08±0.13; CTC=1.22±0.23 mm) were comparable with those of natural tooth abutments (BW=3.04±0.18; SD=0.93±0.1; JE=0.78±0.1; Attachment=1.33±0.09 mm), but differed from butt‐joint implants (*BW=4.88±1.24; SD=1.47±0.38; JE=1.49±0.4; CTC=1.92±0.93 mm) (*P<0.05).
Conclusions: Results suggested that soft tissue dimensions around TISB are influenced by the implant–abutment interface and abutment material used. Mucosa investing tapered abutment tends to recapitulate soft tissue physiologic dimensions of natural tooth.
To cite this article: Siar CH, Toh CG, Ali TBT, Seiz D, Ong ST. Dimensional profile of oral mucosa around combined tooth‐implant‐supported bridgework in macaque mandible. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 23, 2012 438–446. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2010.02145.x
Biomechanical and histologic evaluation of non‐washed resorbable blasting media and alumina‐blasted/acid‐etched surfaces
Authors: Coelho Paulo G. , Marin Charles , Granato Rodrigo , Giro Gabriela , Suzuki Marcelo , Bonfante Estevam A. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Objectives: To compare the biomechanical fixation and histomorphometric parameters between two implant surfaces: non‐washed resorbable blasting media (NWRBM) and alumina‐blasted/acid‐etched (AB/AE), in a dog model.
Material and methods: The surface topography was assessed by scanning electron microscopy, optical interferometry and chemistry by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Six beagle dogs of ∼1.5 years of age were utilized and each animal received one implant of each surface per limb (distal radii sites). After a healing period of 3 weeks, the animals were euthanized and half of the implants were biomechanically tested (removal torque) and the other half was referred to nondecalcified histology processing. Histomorphometric analysis considered bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC) and bone area fraction occupancy (BAFO). Following data normality check with the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, statistical analysis was performed by paired t‐tests at 95% level of significance.
Results: Surface roughness parameters Sa (average surface roughness) and Sq (mean root square of the surface) were significantly lower for the NWRBM compared with AB/AE. The XPS spectra revealed the presence of Ca and P in the NWRBM. While no significant differences were observed for both BIC and BAFO parameters (P>0.35 and P>0.11, respectively), a significantly higher level of torque was observed for the NWRBM group (P=0.01). Bone morphology was similar between groups, which presented newly formed woven bone in proximity with the implant surfaces.
Conclusion: A significant increase in early biomechanical fixation was observed for implants presenting the NWRBM surface.
To cite this article: Coelho PG, Marin C, Granato R, Giro G, Suzuki M, Bonfante EA. Biomechanical and histologic evaluation of non‐washed resorbable blasting media and alumina‐blasted/acid‐etched surfaces. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 23, 2012; 132–135. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2010.02147.x
Retracted: Peri‐implant bone reactions to immediate implants placed at different levels in relation to crestal bone. Part I: a pilot study in dogs
Authors: Negri Bruno , Calvo‐Guirado Jose Luis , Pardo‐Zamora Guillermo , Ramírez‐Fernández Ma Piedad , Delgado‐Ruíz Rafael Arcesio , Muñoz‐Guzón Fernando 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Purpose: The aim of the present study was to evaluate bone remodeling and bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC) after immediate placement at different levels in relation to the crestal bone of Beagle dogs.
Materials and methods: The mandibular bilateral second, third and fourth premolars of six Beagle dogs were extracted and six implants were immediately placed in the hemi‐arches of each dog. Randomly, three cylindrical and three tapered implants were inserted crestally (control group) and 2 mm subcrestally (experimental group). Both groups were treated with a minimal mucoperiosteal flap elevation approach. A gap from the buccal cortical wall to the implant was always left. Three dogs were allowed a 4‐week submerged healing period and the other three an 8‐week submerged healing period. The animals were sacrificed and biopsies were obtained. Biopsies were processed for ground sectioning. Histomorphometric analysis was carried out in order to compare buccal and lingual bone height loss, and BIC between the two groups.
Results: All implants osseointegrated clinically and histologically. Healing patterns examined microscopically at 4 and 8 weeks for both groups (crestal and subcrestal) yielded similar qualitative bone findings. The distance from the top of the implant collar to the first BIC in the lingual crest (A–Lc) showed a significant difference (P=0.0313): 1.91 ± 0.2 mm in the control group and 1.08 ± 0.2 mm in the experimental group. There was less bone resorption in subcrestal implants than crestal implants. The mean percentage of newly formed BIC was greater with the cylindrical implant design (46.06 ± 4.09%) than with the tapered design (32.64 ± 3.72%).
Conclusion: These findings suggest that apical positioning of the top of the implant does not jeopardize bone crest and peri‐implant tissue remodeling. However, less resorption of the Lc may be expected when implants are placed 2 mm subcrestally.
To cite this article: Negri B, Calvo‐Guirado JL, Pardo‐Zamora G, Ramírez‐Fernández MP, Delgado‐Ruíz RA, Muñoz‐Guzón F. Peri‐implant bone reactions to immediate implants placed at different levels in relation to crestal bone. Part I: a pilot study in dogs. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 23, 2012; 228–235.  doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2011.02158.x
Neuroimaging study in subjects at high risk of psychosis revealed by the Rorschach test and first-episode schizophrenia
Authors: Ota Miho , Obu Satoko , Sato Noriko , Asada Takashi 
Published: March 2011

Objective: There is increasing evidence of neuroanatomical pathology in schizophrenia, but it is unclear whether changes exist prior to disease onset. This study aimed to examine whether changes exist prior to disease onset, especially in the temporal lobes.Methods: T1-weighted and diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging were performed on 9 first-episode schizophrenia patients, 10 patients who were at high risk of schizophrenia and 10 healthy controls. Voxel-based analysis using the normalised images of cortical volume data was examined, and the fractional anisotropy value at three component fibres of the temporal lobes, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) and cingulum hippocampal part was compared among the three groups.Results: There were statistically significant volume differences at the bilateral temporal lobe between the healthy subjects and high-risk group. Between the schizophrenic group and healthy subjects, statistically significant volume differences were detected at the bilateral temporal lobes and anterior cingulate cortex. The fractional anisotropy values of the SLF in the schizophrenic and high-risk groups were significantly lower than in the healthy subjects.Conclusion: Our findings indicate that some brain alterations may progress in patients at psychosis pre-onset, possibly because of disrupted developmental mechanisms, and these pathological changes may be predictive of functional outcome.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest in dermatological guidelines in Germany – an analysis – status quo and quo vadis
Authors: Rosumeck Stefanie , Sporbeck Birte , Rzany Berthold , Nast Alexander 
Published: March 2011

Summary Background: In order to ensure the reliability of clinical practice guidelines it is essential to consider potential conflicts of interest with regard to its development. Methods: All valid dermatological practice guidelines, which were developed by the German Dermatologic Society (DDG) or the Professional Association of German Dermatologists (BVDD), were recorded. Details about financing and conflicts of interest were systematically evaluated by two independent appraisers according to Domain 6 of the guidelines evaluation instruments AGREE and AGREE II. Results: 38 practice guidelines of the DDG/BVDD were identified. Data about financing of the guidelines are included in 12 of 38 guidelines (32 %) only. Conflicts of interest are stated in no more than 7 of the 38 guidelines (18 %). Wherever a connection with the pharmaceutical industry was stated, no further information on how possible conflicts of interests were dealt with was found. Conclusions: In current guidelines details on the financing as well as the disclosures of potential conflicts of interest are stated insufficiently. Here an optimization is necessary. Furthermore strategies for handling conflicts of interest need to be developed. One possibility is a specific discussion on this issue at the beginning and during the process of the guidelines work. Furthermore in case of potential conflicts of interest a solution as e. g. abstention from voting on specific questions needs to be developed.
Inflammatory cytokines in gastric fluid at birth and the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Stichel H , Bäckström E , Hafström O , Nilsson S , Lappalainen U , Bry K 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAim:  To assess whether the levels of inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory proteins in gastric fluid of premature infants shortly after birth are associated with the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).Methods:  Gastric fluid retrieved within 1 h of birth of premature infants (gestational age <29 weeks) was analysed for interleukin (IL)‐8, growth‐related oncogene (Gro)‐α, epithelial cell–derived neutrophil‐activating peptide (ENA)‐78, IL‐1β and Clara cell secretory protein with ELISA.Results:  Of 51 enrolled infants, 86% had BPD. Of these, 54% had mild BPD, 30% had moderate BPD and 16% had severe BPD. Clinical chorioamnionitis was associated with high levels of IL‐8, Gro‐α, Epithelial cell–derived neutrophil‐activating peptide‐78 (ENA‐78) and IL‐1β in gastric fluid. Gastric fluid levels of IL‐8, Gro‐α, ENA‐78 and IL‐1β were higher in infants with moderate or severe BPD than in those with no or mild BPD. Ligation of the patent ductus arteriosus was associated with the development of moderate or severe BPD. These associations were no longer significant after adjustment for gestational age.Conclusion:  The levels of inflammatory mediators in gastric fluid samples retrieved soon after birth from intubated or nonintubated infants can be used to assess the infants’ perinatal exposure to inflammatory mediators and its association with neonatal outcome.
Binding of cGMP to the transducin‐activated cGMP phosphodiesterase, PDE6, initiates a large conformational change involved in its deactivation
Authors: Yamazaki Akio , Hayashi Fumio , Matsuura Isao , Bondarenko Vladimir A. 
Published: March 2011

Retinal photoreceptor phosphodiesterase (PDE6), a key enzyme for phototransduction, consists of a catalytic subunit complex (Pαβ) and two inhibitory subunits (Pγs). Pαβ has two noncatalytic cGMP‐binding sites. Here, using bovine PDE preparations, we show the role of these cGMP‐binding sites in PDE regulation. Pαβγγ and its transducin‐activated form, Pαβγ, contain two and one cGMP, respectively. Only Pαβγ shows [3H]cGMP binding with a Kd∼ 50 nm and Pγ inhibits the [3H]cGMP binding. Binding of cGMP to Pαβγ is suppressed during its formation, implying that cGMP binding is not involved in Pαβγγ activation. Once bound to Pαβγ, [3H]cGMP is not dissociated even in the presence of a 1000‐fold excess of unlabeled cGMP, binding of cGMP changes the apparent Stokes’ radius of Pαβγ, and the amount of [3H]cGMP‐bound Pαβγ trapped by a filter is spontaneously increased during its incubation. These results suggest that Pαβγ slowly changes its conformation after cGMP binding, i.e. after formation of Pαβγ containing two cGMPs. Binding of Pγ greatly shortens the time to detect the increase in the filter‐trapped level of [3H]cGMP‐bound Pαβγ, but alters neither the level nor its Stokes’ radius. These results suggest that Pγ accelerates the conformational change, but does not add another change. These observations are consistent with the view that Pαβγ changes its conformation during its deactivation and that the binding of cGMP and Pγ is crucial for this change. These observations also imply that Pαβγγ changes its conformation during its activation and that release of Pγ and cGMP is essential for this change.Structured digital abstract
PDE6 alpha
, PDE6 beta and PDE6 gamma physically interact by molecular sieving (View interaction)
Fire and Host Abundance as Determinants of the Distribution of Three Congener and Sympatric Mistletoes in an Amazonian Savanna
Authors: Fadini Rodrigo F. , Lima Albertina P. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTMost mistletoe species that live in savanna patches are subjected to frequent fires. Although having similar habits, even congener species may parasitize very different host species and show different degrees of specialization that may differentially affect their resistance to fire. We studied three congener mistletoe species with a diverse degree of specificity to their hosts: Psittacanthus biternatus, Psittacanthus eucalyptifolius and Psittacanthus plagiophyllus, the first being the most generalist species, and the last the most specialist. We investigated their prevalence (proportion of hosts infected) in 35 plots of an Amazonian savanna, with different fire histories. Our aim was to understand if they respond similarly to fire frequency and the abundance of their hosts. Additionally, we experimentally applied fire to individuals of the three species using a portable propane flamethrower to test for the influence of mistletoe species, plant size and quantity of heat pulses (single or double burn) on mistletoe survivorship. Prevalence varied greatly among species: 1.5 percent for P. biternatus, 4.8 percent for P. eucalyptifolius and 20 percent for P. plagiophyllus. Prevalence of P. plagiophyllus was negatively related to fire frequency, while for the other two species it was not. Psittacanthus biternatus had a higher probability of survival compared with the other two species, and larger plants were more likely to survive under single burn treatment and to regenerate through sprouting. Our results suggest that, due to complex interactions between fire, hosts and mistletoes, even sympatric species may respond differently to fire frequency and host abundance.Abstract in Portuguese is available in the online version of this article.
The Evolution of Group Stability and Roost Lifespan: Perspectives from Tent‐Roosting Bats
Authors: Sagot Maria , Stevens Richard D. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTAlthough multiple hypotheses have been proposed to explain group formation, few fully explain the diversity of social interactions found in foliage‐roosting bats. Among these bats, tent‐roosting species are capable of constructing their own shelters. Although many bats utilize tents previously constructed by other species, it has been suggested that a particular subset of tent‐roosting bats specialize on making tents from particular plant species. Tents provide protection from weather and often a place to roost close to foraging sites. Moreover, tent lifespan is plant species specific and may last from a few weeks to more than a year. To better understand effects that roosts have on social bonds of tent‐roosting bats, we conducted a literature review to collect information on social systems and tent lifespan. We tested correlated evolution of group stability and group longevity with tent lifespan using Pagel's method for discrete characters. We found that group stability and group longevity are correlated with tent lifespan. That there is correlated evolution between these characters contributes to our understanding of how different mechanisms interact to produce a variety of social systems in mammals.
Optimizing Diversity Assessment Protocols for High Canopy Ants in Tropical Rain Forest
Authors: Yusah Kalsum M. , Fayle Tom M. , Harris Grant , Foster William A. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTThe canopies of tropical rain forests support highly diverse, yet poorly known, animal and plant communities. It is vital that researchers who invest the time needed to gain access to the high canopy are able efficiently to survey the animals and plants that they find there. Here, we develop diversity assessment protocols for one of the most ecologically important canopy animal groups, the ants, in lowland dipterocarp rain forest in Sabah, Malaysia. We design and test a novel trap (the purse‐string trap) that can be remotely collected, thus avoiding disturbance to ants. We compare this modified trap with two other methods for surveying canopy ants: precision insecticide fogging and baited pitfall trapping. In total, we collected 39,351 ants belonging to 173 species in 38 genera. Fogging collected the most individuals and species, followed by purse‐string trapping with baited pitfall trapping catching the fewest. Fogging also resulted in samples with a different species composition to purse‐string trapping and baited pitfall trapping, which were not different from one another. Using a ‘greedy algorithm’, which guides the selection of inventory methods in order to maximize new species discovered per researcher‐hour, we show that projects allocating fewer than 132 researcher‐hours to canopy ant collection and identification should sample exclusively using fogging. Those with more time should use a combination of methods. This prioritization technique could be used to accelerate species discovery in future rapid biodiversity assessments.Abstract in Malay is available in the online version of this article.
Divergence-free interpolation of vector fields from point values — exact ∇ ⋅B = 0 in numerical simulations
Authors: McNally Colin P. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
In astrophysical magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and electrodynamics simulations, numerically enforcing the ∇·B= 0 constraint on the magnetic field has been difficult. We observe that for point-based discretization, as used in finite-difference type and pseudo-spectral methods, the ∇·B= 0 constraint can be satisfied entirely by a choice of interpolation used to define the derivatives of B. As an example we demonstrate a new class of finite-difference-type derivative operators on a regular grid which has the ∇·B= 0 property. This principle clarifies the nature of ∇·B≠ 0 errors. The principles and techniques demonstrated in this Letter are particularly useful for the magnetic field, but can be applied to any vector field. This Letter serves as a brief introduction to the method and demonstrates an implementation showing convergence.