bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Next‐generation sequencing and genome evolution in allopolyploids
Authors: Buggs Richard J. A. , Renny‐Byfield Simon , Chester Michael , Jordon‐Thaden Ingrid E. , Viccini Lyderson Facio , Chamala Srikar , Leitch Andrew R. , Schnable Patrick S. , Barbazuk W. Bradley , Soltis Pamela S. , Soltis Douglas E. 
Published: January 2012

•Premise of the study: Hybridization and polyploidization (allopolyploidy) are ubiquitous in the evolution of plants, but tracing the origins and subsequent evolution of the constituent genomes of allopolyploids has been challenging. Genome doubling greatly complicates genetic analyses, and this has long hindered investigation in that most allopolyploid species are “nonmodel” organisms. However, recent advances in sequencing and genomics technologies now provide unprecedented opportunities to analyze numerous genetic markers in multiple individuals in any organism.•Methods: Here we review the application of next‐generation sequencing technologies to the study of three aspects of allopolyploid genome evolution: duplicated gene loss and expression in two recently formed Tragopogon allopolyploids, intergenomic interactions and chromosomal evolution in Tragopogon miscellus, and repetitive DNA evolution in Nicotiana allopolyploids.•Key results: For the first time, we can explore on a genomic scale the evolutionary processes that are ongoing in natural allopolyploids and not be restricted to well‐studied crops and genetic models.•Conclusions: These approaches can be easily and inexpensively applied to many other plant species—making any evolutionarily provocative system a new “model” system.
IL-22 Mediates Host Defense against an Intestinal Intracellular Parasite in the Absence of IFN-γ at the Cost of Th17-Driven Immunopathology
Authors: Stange Jörg , Hepworth Matthew R. , Rausch Sebastian , Zajic Lara , Kühl Anja A. , Uyttenhove Catherine , Renauld Jean-Christophe , Hartmann Susanne , Lucius Richard 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
The roles of Th1 and Th17 responses as mediators of host protection and pathology in the intestine are the subjects of intense research. In this study, we investigated a model of intestinal inflammation driven by the intracellular apicomplexan parasite Eimeria falciformis. Although IFN-γ was the predominant cytokine during E. falciformis infection in wild-type mice, it was found to be dispensable for host defense and the development of intestinal inflammation. E. falciformis-infected IFN-γR−/− and IFN-γ−/− mice developed dramatically exacerbated body weight loss and intestinal pathology, but they surprisingly harbored fewer parasites. This was associated with a striking increase in parasite-specific IL-17A and IL-22 production in the mesenteric lymph nodes and intestine. CD4+ T cells were found to be the source of IL-17A and IL-22, which drove the recruitment of neutrophils and increased tissue expression of anti-microbial peptides (RegIIIβ, RegIIIγ) and matrix metalloproteinase 9. Concurrent neutralization of IL-17A and IL-22 in E. falciformis-infected IFN-γR−/− mice resulted in a reduction in infection-induced body weight loss and inflammation and significantly increased parasite shedding. In contrast, neutralization of IL-22 alone was sufficient to increase parasite burden, but it had no effect on body weight loss. Treatment of an E. falciformis-infected intestinal epithelial cell line with IFN-γ, IL-17A, or IL-22 significantly reduced parasite development in vitro. Taken together, to our knowledge these data demonstrate for the first time an antiparasite effect of IL-22 during an intestinal infection, and they suggest that IL-17A and IL-22 have redundant roles in driving intestinal pathology in the absence of IFN-γ signaling.
Structural Elucidation of the Mechanistic Basis of Degeneracy in the Primary Humoral Response
Authors: Khan Tarique , Salunke Dinakar M. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
The mechanistic basis for efficient combating of the infinite range of foreign Ags by the limited repertoire of naive Abs expressed on primary B cell surfaces during their first encounter was addressed through elegantly designed crystallographic analyses. Resolution of the discrepancy arising from the limited number of possible germline Ab receptors on primary B cells for recognizing the unlimited pool of possible Ags has been attempted by invoking the degenerate recognition potential of the germline Abs. Structural analyses of germline mAb BBE6.12H3 in an Ag-free state, as well as bound to four different peptide Ags, established the correlation of its degenerate specificity with conformational versatility of the paratope. Six distinct paratope topologies observed for a single germline mAb provided a quantitative description of the primary Ag recognition repertoire at the tertiary structural level. Each of the four different peptide Ags was bound specifically to a distinct conformation of the paratope, which was also different from that of the Ag-free states of the same germline mAb. A minimal conserved motif in the pristine Ag-combining site essential for multispecificity and Ag binding-mediated change in the elbow angle of Fab was also discernible. It is proposed that the generation of a primary Ab repertoire involves large, yet finite, germline Ab clones, each capable of adopting discrete conformations, which in turn exhibit diverse binding modes.
OX40 Ligand and Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 2 Expression on Inflammatory Dendritic Cells Regulates CD4 T Cell Cytokine Production in the Lung during Viral Disease
Authors: Wythe Sarah E. , Dodd Jonathan S. , Openshaw Peter J. , Schwarze Jürgen 
Published: January 2012

AbstractCD4 Th differentiation is influenced by costimulatory molecules expressed on conventional dendritic cells (DCs) in regional lymph nodes and results in specific patterns of cytokine production. However, the function of costimulatory molecules on inflammatory (CD11b+) DCs in the lung during recall responses is not fully understood, but it is important for development of novel interventions to limit immunopathological responses to infection. Using a mouse model in which vaccination with vaccinia virus vectors expressing the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion protein (rVVF) or attachment protein (rVVG) leads to type 1- or type 2-biased cytokine responses, respectively, upon RSV challenge, we found expression of CD40 and OX40 ligand (OX40L) on lung inflammatory DCs was higher in rVVF-primed mice than in rVVG-primed mice early after RSV challenge, whereas the reverse was observed later in the response. Conversely, programmed cell death 1 ligand 2 (PD-L2) was higher in rVVG-primed mice throughout. Inflammatory DCs isolated at the resolution of inflammation revealed that OX40L on type 1-biased DCs promoted IL-5, whereas OX40L on type 2-biased DCs enhanced IFN-γ production by Ag-reactive Th cells. In contrast, PD-L2 promoted IFN-γ production, irrespective of conditions, suppressing IL-5 only if expressed on type 1-biased DCs. Thus, OX40L and PD-L2 expressed on DCs differentially regulate cytokine production during recall responses in the lung. Manipulation of these costimulatory pathways may provide a novel approach to controlling pulmonary inflammatory responses.
Características do professor de enfermagem efetivo: revisão sistemática de literatura
Authors: Friedlander Maria Romana 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTObjective: to provide the answers to the following questions: Which are the objectives of the studies published in the last 6 years, in relation to the necessary characteristics to "good" teacher (or effective, or competent, or of success) under the students point of view and under the own teachers point of view? Which are the methodological proceedings used in these studies? Which are the found results? Method: systematic revision of the international literature. Results: it was analyzed 5 studies and it verified that the necessary attributes to a good teacher are classified by personnel relationship domain, professional competence, personality features, ability to teach and ability to evaluate. Conclusion: it can’t be concluded which of these domains is the most important one, under the point of view of the student or respondent teacher. It was concluded also, that there are need of new studies. Descriptors: effective teacher; nursing; education. RESUMOObjetivo: dar respostas às seguintes questões: quais os objetivos dos estudos, publicados nos últimos 6 anos, em relação às características necessárias ao professor efetivo sob o ponto de vista dos estudantes e sob o ponto de vista dos próprios docentes? Quais os procedimentos metodológicos usados nesses estudos? Quais os resultados encontrados? Método: revisão sistemática de literatura internacional. Resultados: analisaram-se cinco trabalhos e verificou-se que os atributos necessários ao bom professor podem ser categorizados nos domínios relacionamento interpessoal, competência profissional, traços de personalidade, habilidade para ensinar e habilidade para avaliar. Conclusão: não se pode concluir qual destes domínios é o mais importante seja sob o ponto de vista do estudante seja do professor respondente. Concluiu-se, também, de que há necessidade de novos estudos. Descritores: professor efetivo; enfermagem; educação.RESUMENObjetivo: se intentó obtener las respuestas a las seguientes cuestiones: ¿Quáles son los objetivos de los estudios publicados en los últimos 6 años, en relación a las características necesarias al “buen” (u efectivo, u competente, u de suceso) profesor sobre el punto de vista de los estudiantes y sobre el punto de vista de los próprios docentes? ¿Cuáles son los procedimentos metodológicos utilizados en eses estudios? ¿Cuál es el resultado encontrado? Método: revisión sistemática de la literatura internacional. Resultados: fueran revisados 5 trabajos e se há verificado que los atributos necesarios al buen profesor pueden ser categorizados en los domínios del relacionamento inter personal, competência profesional, trazos de personalidad, habilidad para enseñar y habilidad para avaliar. Conclusão: no se puede concluír cuál de eses domínios es el más importante sea sobre el punto de vista del estudiante sea del profesor respondente. Se há concluído también, que es necesário haber nuevos estudios. Descritores: profesor efectivo; enfermería; educación.
Cuidados de enfermagem no pós-operatório de pacientes com trauma buco-maxilo-facial: revisão de literatura
Authors: Gomide Ana Carolina Micheletti , Pereira Hoberdan Oliveira , Buchholz Ícaro , Martins Vera Lúcia Vieira 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the main nursing care for patients with oral & maxillofacial trauma. Methodology: this study is a review of literature. The search was in the National library of medicine (PubMed) and in the Virtual health library (BVS), in the year 2007, using articles of the period 2000 to 2007. Results: were identified nursing care through the development of actions, attitudes and behaviors based on scientific knowledge, experience and critical thinking, performed to and with patients, to promote, maintain and/or recover their dignity and whole human. Conclusion: with the conduct of nursing care promotes an improvement in quality of life of patients with facial trauma, helping them in their physical rehabilitation, functional, aesthetic, social and emotional. Descriptors: facial injuries; nursing care; post-operative care.RESUMOObjetivo: identificar os principais cuidados de enfermagem no atendimento a pacientes acometidos por trauma buco maxilo facial. Metodologia: trata-se de uma revisão sistemática da literatura. Foi realizada uma pesquisa digital nas bases de dados da National library of medicine (PubMed) e Biblioteca virtual em saúde (BVS), no ano de 2007, utilizando-se artigos do período 2000 a 2007. Resultados: foram identificados cuidados de enfermagem através do desenvolvimento de ações, atitudes e comportamentos com base em conhecimento científicos, experiências e pensamento crítico, realizados para e com o paciente, no sentido de promover, manter e/ou recuperar sua dignidade e totalidade humana. Conclusão: com a realização de cuidados de enfermagem promove-se uma melhoria na qualidade de vida dos pacientes com trauma facial, contribuindo em sua reabilitação física, funcional, estética, social e emocional. Descritores: traumatismos faciais; cuidados de enfermagem; cuidados pós-operatório.RESUMENObjetivo: identificar los principales cuidados de enfermería en el cuidado de pacientes con traumatismo buco maxilo facial. Metodologia: este estudio es una revisión sistemática de la literatura. Se hizo una búsqueda en el Biblioteca nacional de medicina (PubMed) y en la base de datos de la Biblioteca virtual en salud (BVS), en el año 2007, utilizando los artículos del período 2000 a 2007. Resultados: cuidados de enfermería fueron identificados a través de desarrollo de las acciones, actitudes y comportamientos basados en el conocimiento científico, la experiencia y el pensamiento crítico, y para con el paciente, para promover, mantener y/o recuperar su dignidad y todos los humanos. Conclusión: con la realización de cuidados de enfermería se promueve una mejora en la calidad de vida de los pacientes con trauma facial, y que les ayude en su rehabilitación física, funcional, estético, social y emocional. Descriptores: traumatismos faciales; atención de enfermería; atención post-operatorio.
Time evolution of the PSD in crystallization operations: An analytical solution based on Ornstein‐Uhlenbeck process
Authors: Cogoni Giuseppe , Grosso Massimiliano , Baratti Roberto , Romagnoli Jose A. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA new formulation of the recent stochastic approach for the description of the particle‐size distribution (PSD) time evolution in antisolvent crystal‐growth processes is presented. In this new approach, the crystals size is modeled as a random variable driven by a Gompertz growth term and the corresponding Fokker‐Planck equation is carried out. This proposed formulation, allows an analytical solution to describe the time evolution of the PSD as a function of the model parameters. The analytical solution is obtained by exploiting the typical properties of linear partial differential equations with linear coefficients, and using the analogy with Kalman filter, in terms of the first two stochastic moments: mean and variance of the PSD. Furthermore, an alternative way for the parameters estimation based on the maximum likelihood estimation is also introduced. Validations against experimental data are provided for the NaCl‐water‐ethanol antisolvent crystallization system. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Self‐Assembled Gelators for Organic Electronics
Authors: Babu Sukumaran Santhosh , Prasanthkumar Seelam , Ajayaghosh Ayyappanpillai 
Published: January 2012

AbstractNature excels at engineering materials by using the principles of chemical synthesis and molecular self‐assembly with the help of noncovalent forces. Learning from these phenomena, scientists have been able to create a variety of self‐assembled artificial materials of different size, shapes, and properties for wide ranging applications. An area of great interest in this regard is solvent‐assisted gel formation with functional organic molecules, thus leading to one‐dimensional fibers. Such fibers have improved electronic properties and are potential soft materials for organic electronic devices, particularly in bulk heterojunction solar cells. Described herein is how molecular self‐assembly, which was originally proposed as a simple laboratory curiosity, has helped the evolution of a variety of soft functional materials useful for advanced electronic devices such as organic field‐effect transistors and organic solar cells. Highlights on some of the recent developments are discussed.
Validity of extracellular water assessment with saliva samples using plasma as the reference biological fluid
Authors: Matias Catarina N. , Silva Analiza M. , Santos Diana A. , Gobbo Luis A. , Schoeller Dale A. , Sardinha Luís B. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTExtracellular water (ECW) assessment is based on dilution techniques, commonly using blood sampling. However, plasma collection is an invasive procedure. We aimed to validate the use of saliva for ECW estimation by the bromide dilution technique using plasma as the reference method, in a sample of elite athletes. A total of 89 elite athletes with a mean age of 20.4 ± 4.4 years were evaluated. Baseline samples were collected before sodium bromide oral dose administration, and enriched samples were collected 3 h post‐dose administration. The bromide concentration was assessed by high‐performance liquid chromatography. Comparison of means, concordance coefficient correlation (CCC), multiple regression and Bland–Altman analysis were performed. The ECW from saliva explained 91% of the variance in ECW by plasma with a standard error of estimation of 0.91 kg. The CCC between alternative and reference methods was 0.952. No significant trend was observed between the mean and difference of the methods, with limits of agreement ranging between −1.5 and 2.1 kg. These findings reveal that bromide dilution volume calculated from saliva samples is a valid noninvasive method for ECW assessment in elite athletes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry assay for the analysis of atomoxetine in human plasma and in vitro cellular samples
Authors: Appel David I. , Brinda Bryan , Markowitz John S. , Newcorn Jeffrey H. , Zhu Hao‐Jie 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTA simple, rapid and sensitive method for quantification of atomoxetine by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) was developed. This assay represents the first LC‐MS/MS quantification method for atomoxetine utilizing electrospray ionization. Deuterated atomoxetine (d3‐atomoxetine) was adopted as the internal standard. Direct protein precipitation was utilized for sample preparation. This method was validated for both human plasma and in vitro cellular samples. The lower limit of quantification was 3 ng/mL and 10 nm for human plasma and cellular samples, respectively. The calibration curves were linear within the ranges of 3–900 ng/mL and 10 nm to 10 µm for human plasma and cellular samples, respectively (r2 > 0.999). The intra‐ and inter‐day assay accuracy and precision were evaluated using quality control samples at three different concentrations in both human plasma and cellular lysate. Sample run stability, assay selectivity, matrix effect and recovery were also successfully demonstrated. The present assay is superior to previously published LC‐MS and LC‐MS/MS methods in terms of sensitivity or the simplicity of sample preparation. This assay is applicable to the analysis of atomoxetine in both human plasma and in vitro cellular samples. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enantioselective conjugate addition of ketones to nitroalkenes catalyzed by pyrrolidine‐sulfamides
Authors: Wang Jinjia , Lao Jinhua , Du Quansheng , Nie Shaozhen , Hu Zhipeng , Yan Ming 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA series of chiral pyrrolidine‐sulfamides were prepared and examined as the catalysts for conjugate addition of ketones to nitroalkenes. Benzoic acid was identified as the most efficient additives for the transformation. Excellent enantioselectivities, diastereoselectivities, and yields were achieved for the reaction of cyclohexanone with β‐aryl nitroethylenes under solvent free conditions. β‐Isopropyl nitroethylene is also applicable and the product could be obtained with excellent enantioselectivity after extended reaction time. A comparison of the catalytic behaviors of pyrrolidine‐sulfamide organocatalysts with different side chains demonstrates that the enantioselectivity is mainly controlled by the chiral pyrrolidine unit and the additional chiral center at the side chain exerts neglectable effects. The H‐bonding interaction between the sulfamide and the nitro group is proposed to be crucial for the activation of the nitroalkene and the constitution of well‐organized transition state. Chirality, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dual stereoselection in the addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde by using highly structurally close ligands
Authors: Sánchez‐Carnerero Esther M. Márquez , Engel Tomás De Las Casas , Maroto Beatriz Lora , Cerero Santiago De La Moya 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe screening of the catalytic activity in the diethylzinc reaction of a series of easily accessible (1S)‐ketopinic‐acid derived hydroxyamides, designed by key structure modifications of a parent highly active related bis(hydroxyamide), has allowed to find the first case of dual stereoselection in highly structurally close ligands of such interesting chemically sustainable typology. The found striking dual stereoselection is explained on the basis of empiric models for the acting zinc catalysts and involved controlling transition states, which are supported by additional specific experimental structure‐activity tests. Chirality, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy Improves Vascular Dysfunction and Decreases Oxidative Stress in Patients With the Metabolic Syndrome and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
Authors: Oyama Jun‐ichi , Yamamoto Hiroaki , Maeda Toyoki , Ito Akira , Node Koichi , Makino Naoki 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackground:Patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) are always exposed to intermittent hypoxia and reoxygenation. The metabolic syndrome (MetS) and OSAS are also known to accelerate atherosclerosis, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Therefore, nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy may have beneficial effects in patients with the MetS and OSAS.Hypothesis:This study in patients with the MetS and OSAS tested the validity of the hypothesis that chronic CPAP therapy improves factors involved in atherosclerosis, including impaired endothelial function.Methods:Thirty‐two patients (19 males and 13 females, mean age 54 ± 9 y) diagnosed with the MetS and OSAS were enrolled in the study and received CPAP therapy for 3 months. Vascular function was investigated by measuring forearm blood flow (FBF) responses to reactive hyperemia (RH) using venous occlusion strain‐gauge plethysmography. Biochemical markers were also measured before and after this procedure.Results:Basal apnea‐hypopnea index was statistically correlated with FBF response to RH. The FBF response to RH was increased significantly after 3 months of CPAP therapy. A significant increase in plasma nitric oxide levels and a decrease in the levels of asymmetrical dimethylarginine, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, soluble Fas ligand, and soluble CD40 ligand were detected after CPAP therapy. The plasma concentrations of tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin (IL)‐6, and IL‐8 also decreased significantly with CPAP therapy, whereas IL‐1β levels remained unchanged.Conclusions:Continuous positive airway pressure therapy has beneficial effects on vascular function and inflammatory and oxidative stress in patients with the MetS and OSAS.The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.