bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuronal clustering and fasciculation phenotype in Dscam‐ and Bax‐deficient mouse retinas
Authors: Keeley Patrick W. , Sliff Buranee J. , Lee Sammy C.S. , Fuerst Peter G. , Burgess Robert W. , Eglen Stephen J. , Reese Benjamin E. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIndividual types of retinal neurons are distributed to minimize proximity to neighboring cells. Many of these same cell types extend dendrites to provide coverage of the retinal surface. These two cardinal features of retinal mosaics are disrupted, for certain cell types, in mice deficient for the Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule, Dscam, exhibiting an aberrant clustering of somata and fasciculation of dendrites. The Dscam mutant mouse retina also exhibits excess numbers of these same cell types. The present study compared these two features in Dscam mutant retinas with the Bax knockout retina, in which excess numbers of two of these cell types, the melanopsin‐positive retinal ganglion cells (MRGCs) and the dopaminergic amacrine cells (DACs), are also present. Whole retinas were immunolabeled for both populations, and every labeled soma was plotted. For the MRGCs, we found a gene dosage effect for Dscam, with the Dscam+/− retinas showing smaller increases in cell number, clustering, and fasciculation. Curiously, Bax−/− retinas, showing numbers of MRGCs intermediate to those found in the Dscam−/− and Dscam+/− retinas, also had clustering and fasciculation phenotypes that were intermediate to retinas with those genotypes. DACs, by comparison, showed changes in both the Dscam−/− and the Bax−/− retinas that did not correlate with their increases in DAC number. The fasciculation phenotype in the Dscam−/− retina was particularly prominent despite only modest clustering. These results demonstrate that the somal clustering and fasciculation observed in the Dscam mutant retina are not unique to Dscam deficiency and are manifested distinctively by different retinal cell types. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:1349–1364, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thermally oxidized zirconium nanostructured films grown on Si substrates
Authors: Larijani M. M. , Hasani E. , Fathollahi V. , Safa S. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractZirconium thin films grown on Si substrates by a planar magnetron sputtering system were thermally oxidized at oxygen ambient within 523‐823 K resulting in zirconium oxide films with various stoichiometries. XRD analysis of the ex situ oxidized films revealed the phases at different oxidation temperatures. To achieve a reasonable fit between the experimental and SIMNRA simulated RBS spectra of the prepared samples; it was required to introduce a SiO2buffer layer in the simulated target between Si substrate and ZrO2 film. The presence of this intermediate SiO2 layer was confirmed by observation of SiO2 phase in the XRD patterns of all the thermally oxidized samples. Using RBS analysis data, the effect of oxidation temperature on the stoichiometry of zirconium oxide films and thickness of ZrOxand SiO2 films were investigated. XRD patterns of thermally oxidized Zr films also revealed that crystallization of zirconium oxide films was initiated at about 673 K and was almost completed at 823 K. Diffusion of oxygen atoms through surface layer was investigated and the effective activation energy for oxygen mass transport was estimated to be 1.75 eV using RBS data and Arrhenius relation. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Process design for the shape control of crystals grown by Kyropoulos or SAPMAC method
Authors: Zhang Lunyong , Zuo Hongbo , Cao Fuyang , Xing Dawei , Sun Jianfei , Wang Xiaohong , Han Jiecai 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA mathematical model has been proposed to design the process for growing a shaped crystals by Kyropoulos method or SAPMAC method. Crystal shape evolution behaviours under various processes were analysed. The results show that the crystal would go through a transitory shoulder‐expanding stage after which the crystal diameter rapidly decreases under a constant pulling rate and a constant heater temperature. Reducing pulling rate and heater temperature could depress the decrease of crystal diameter after the shoulder‐expanding stage so that enhance the length of crystal. However, the crystal diameter is more sensitive to pulling rate than to heater temperature, and an equal‐diameter crystal can not be grown in non‐undercooled melt by soley reducing the heater temperature. That means that adjusting the pulling rate is the most effective and convenient approach for controlling crystal diameter evolution and simultaneously decreasing both the pulling rate and the heater temperature is the optimal process for growing an equal‐diameter crystal. Moreover, a numerical approach for quantifactional designing crystal shape and corresponding growth processes was proposed according to the model, an example of crystal shape design was given out. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Magnetocaloric effect in GdCu intermetallic compound
Authors: Oboz M. , Talik E. , Winiarski A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA single crystal of GdCu of FeB‐type was grown by the Czochralski method from a levitating melt and characterized using X‐ray diffraction, dc ‐magnetization M(T) and ac ‐magnetic susceptibility (ac‐χ). From ac and dc magnetic susceptibility a transition to the antiferromagnetic state has been found below TN = 37 K. The paramagnetic Curie temperature θp and the effective magnetic moment μeffwere estimated assuming the Curie‐Weiss law in the 100 to 300 K range and were found to be θp = –37 K and μeff = 8.5 μB. The last value is enhanced relatively to the free ion value of 7.94 μB for Gd3+. The calculated entropy changes ΔSm for the examined compound amount to −1.22 J/K·kg, –0.6 J/K·kg and –0.09 J/K·kg at 7, 5 and 2 T respectively. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Homoepitaxial growth and photoluminescence of self‐assembled In‐doped ZnS nanowire bundles
Authors: Guo Taibo , Chen Yiqing , Liu Lizhu , Cheng Yinfen , Zhang Xinhua , Ma Baojiao , Wei Meiqin 
Published: December 2011

AbstractSelf‐assembled In (Indium)‐doped ZnS nanowire bundles were synthesized via a thermal evaporation method without using any template. Vapor ‐ solid homoepitaxial growth was found to be the key reason for the formation of close‐packed nanowire bundles grown on the surface of microscale sphere‐shaped ZnS crystal. X‐ray diffraction (XRD), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis demonstrate that the In‐doped ZnS nanowires have the cubic structure, and there are numerous stacking faults along the <111> direction. Photoluminescence (PL) spectrum shows that the spectrum mainly includes two parts: a weak violet emission band centering at about 380 nm and a strong green emission band centering at about 510 nm. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structural, thermal, mechanical and z‐scan studies on 4‐nitrophenol single crystals
Authors: Gandhimathi R. , Dhanasekaran R. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP) single crystals have been grown by using slow evaporation and slow cooling techniques. A single crystal with size in the range of 7x3.4x1.8cm3 has been obtained by slow cooling method. The grown crystals have been subjected to various characterization studies. The powder XRD spectrum of 4‐NP reveals the good crystalline nature of the grown crystal. Single crystal XRD studies show that the crystal belongs to monoclinic system with cell parameters of a=6.09 Å, b=8.79 Å, c=11.61 Å, α=γ=90°, β=103.15°. The resultant FTIR spectrum confirms the various functional groups present in 4‐NP. Thermal analysis has been performed on the material to study the thermal stability of 4‐NP. The grown crystals belong to the category of soft materials as confirmed by Vickers Hardness tests. The optical transmiitance of 4‐NP single crystals has been measured from Vis‐IR spectroscopy study. The nonlinear optical properties have been analyzed by z‐scan technique and 4‐NP is found to be self defocusing because of its negative nonlinear refractive index. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Hydrothermal synthesis and formation of 4ZnO·B2O3·H2O whiskers via a new route
Authors: Liu Xin , Li Wu , Nai Xueying , Bian Shaoju , Meng Qingfen , Gao Dandan , Wei Ming 
Published: December 2011

Abstract4ZnO·B2O3·H2O whiskers were prepared from 2ZnO·3B2O3·3.5H2O under hydrothermal process at 160 °C for 10 h. The synthesized product was characterized by XRD, SEM, TG‐DSC and FT‐IR. SEM results showed that the synthesized 4ZnO·B2O3·H2O whiskers' length was about 3–10 μm and the diameter was 0.2–0.3 μm. Further study on the whiskers' growth process and mechanism showed that the formation of the whiskers went through three stages and the morphology of 4ZnO·B2O3·H2O changed from irregular particles to rod‐like structures and finally to whiskers. The variation of the morphology of the 4ZnO·B2O3·H2O whisker with the concentration of the starting material was investigated. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Modeling of Silicon CVD into Agglomerates of Sub‐micrometer‐size Particles in a Fluidized Bed
Authors: Reuge Nicolas , Caussat Brigitte 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe aim of the present study is to better understand the mechanisms involved during silicon deposition from silane, SiH4, into agglomerates of sub‐micrometer‐size particles treated by fluidized bed (FB)CVD. Two models of silicon deposition into agglomerates assumed either stable, or in permanent formation/desegregation, are developed. In the first case, classical equations of diffusion/reaction in a porous medium are solved, whereas in the second case, the multifluid Eulerian code, MFIX, is used. By comparison with experimental energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) data, modeling results show that the limiting step is not gaseous diffusion into the agglomerates. Very high local deposition rates near the silane entrance probably explain their formation. These results allow us to propose original deposition conditions involving much lower local deposition rates, which should limit agglomeration due to CVD.
Rational therapy for diabetes: early recognition of adverse effects and avoidance of disruptive false alarms
Authors: Raz Itamar , Eldor Roy 
Published: December 2011

AbstractCorresponding to the uncontrolled diabetes pandemic, significant effort has been invested in developing new therapeutic options. Nevertheless, all medicines have possible adverse effects. Recently, a trend of ‘scrutinizing’ novel hypoglycaemic drug side effects based on scant scientific data has emerged. With recent publications highlighting possible dangers of rosiglitazone, insulin glargine, sitagliptin, exenatide and, most recently, pioglitazone, it seems that all means are valid and that every database is suitable, even if specifically defined as inadequate for the purpose of data analysis. The use of such data may lead authors to draw erroneous conclusions that may be granted unwarranted impact upon publication in leading scientific journals and eventually lead patients and misinformed physicians to wrongly change beneficial medication regimes. Adherence to strict scientific methodology, ongoing large clinical trials and creating adjudicated patient databases may facilitate early recognition of adverse effects while avoiding disruptive false alarms. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Building an ommatidium one cell at a time
Authors: Kumar Justin P. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractSince the discovery of a single white‐eyed male in a population of red eyed flies over 100 years ago (Morgan, 1910), the compound eye of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has been a favorite experimental system for identifying genes that regulate various aspects of development. For example, a fair amount of what we know today about enzymatic pathways and vesicular transport is due to the discovery and subsequent characterization of eye color mutants such as white. Likewise, our present day understanding of organogenesis has been aided considerably by studies of mutations, such as eyeless, that either reduce or eliminate the compound eyes. But by far the phenotype that has provided levers into the greatest number of experimental fields has been the humble “rough” eye. The fly eye is composed of several hundred unit‐eyes that are also called ommatidia. These unit eyes are packed into a hexagonal array of remarkable precision. The structure of the eye is so precise that it has been compared with that of a crystal (Ready et al., 1976). Even the slightest perturbations to the structure of the ommatidium can be visually detected by light or electron microscopy. The cause for this is two‐fold: (1) any defect that affects the hexagonal geometry of a single ommatidium can and will disrupt the positioning of surrounding unit eyes thereby propagating structural flaws and (2) disruptions in genes that govern the development of even a single cell within an ommatidium will affect all unit eyes. In both cases, the effect is the visual magnification of even the smallest imperfection. Studies of rough eye mutants have provided key insights into the areas of cell fate specification, lateral inhibition, signal transduction, transcription factor networks, planar cell polarity, cell proliferation, and programmed cell death just to name a few. This review will attempt to summarize the key steps that are required to assemble each ommatidium. Developmental Dynamics 241:136–149, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Notch pathway regulation of neural crest cell development in vivo
Authors: Mead Timothy J. , Yutzey Katherine E. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackground: The function of Notch signaling in murine neural crest–derived cell lineages in vivo was examined. Results: Conditional gain (Wnt1Cre;RosaNotch) or loss (Wnt1Cre;RBP‐Jf/f) of Notch signaling in neural crest cells (NCCs) in vivo results in craniofacial, cardiac, and trunk abnormalities. Severe craniofacial malformations are apparent in Wnt1Cre;RosaNotch embryos, while less severe skull abnormalities are evident in Wnt1Cre;RBP‐Jf/f mice. Deficient cardiac neural crest migration, resulting in cardiac outflow tract malformations, occurs with increased or decreased Notch signaling in NCCs. Smooth muscle cell differentiation also is impaired in pharyngeal NCC derivatives in both Wnt1Cre;RosaNotch and Wnt1Cre;RBP‐Jf/f embryos. Neurogenesis is absent and gliogenesis is increased in the dorsal root ganglia of Wnt1Cre;RosaNotch embryos, while neurogenesis is increased and gliogenesis is decreased in Wnt1Cre;RBP‐Jf/f embryos. Conclusions: Together, these studies demonstrate essential cell‐autonomous roles for appropriate levels of Notch signaling during NCC migration, proliferation, and differentiation with critical implications in craniofacial, cardiac, and neurogenic development and disease. Developmental Dynamics 241:376–389, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A DFT Study on The Two‐Dimensional Second‐Order Nonlinear Optical (NLO) Response of Terpyridine‐Substituted Hexamolybdates: Physical Insight on 2D Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Functional Materials
Authors: Janjua Muhammad Ramzan Saeed Ashraf , Amin Muhammad , Ali Muhammad , Bashir Beenish , Khan Muhammad Usman , Iqbal Muhammad Awais , Guan Wei , Yan Likai , Su Zhong‐Min 
Published: December 2011

AbstractDFT calculations were carried out in order to study the second‐order nonlinear optical (NLO) response of a series of proposed 2D polyoxometalate‐based terpyridine‐substituted compounds. These compounds can be formulated as [Mo6O17{N4C25H16(X)2}{N4C25H16(X)2}]2– (X = H, F, Cl, Br, I, CF3, or CN), which has a wedge Λ‐shaped acceptor––π‐conjugated bridge––donor––π‐conjugated bridge––acceptor (A‐π‐D‐π‐A) configuration. The calculations showed that these compounds possess significantly large molecular second‐order polarizabilities that range from approximately 1000 × 10–30 to 4300 × 10–30 esu. The combination of trifluoromethyl (CF3) and cyanide (CN) groups at the end of the terpyridine ligand strengthens the bridge conjugation, which is useful for the enhancement of the NLO response. In addition, the greatest contributions to the βvec values are dervied from the charge transfer (CT) from the Mo≡N bond and the organoimido ligand to the terpyridine‐substituted segments. This report demonstrates that various combinations of the acceptor(s) remarkably affect the second‐order NLO response. The electronic transitions to the crucial excited states indicated that the y polarized transition contributed to the off‐diagonal second‐order polarizabiliy tensor (βzyy) and that the z polarized transition accounted for the diagonal second‐order polarizabiliy tensor (βzzz). Thus, itsteered towards in‐plane nonlinear anisotropy (u = βzyy/βzzz) along with a good 2D second‐order NLO response. These compounds can be used as good 2D second‐order NLO materials from the point of view of their large β values.
BRCA1 requirement for the fidelity of plasmid DNA double‐strand break repair in cultured breast epithelial cells
Authors: Thompson Eric G. , Fares Hanna , Dixon Kathleen 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe tumor suppressor breast cancer susceptibility protein 1 (BRCA1) protects our cells from genomic instability in part by facilitating the efficient repair of DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs). BRCA1 promotes the error‐free repair of DSBs through homologous recombination and is also implicated in the regulation of nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) repair fidelity. Here, we investigate the role of BRCA1 in NHEJ repair mutagenesis following a DSB. We examined the frequency of microhomology‐mediated end joining (MMEJ) and the fidelity of DSB repair relative to BRCA1 protein levels in both control and tumorigenic breast epithelial cells. In addition to altered BRCA1 protein levels, we tested the effects of cellular exposure to mirin, an inhibitor of meiotic recombination enzyme 11 (Mre11) 3′–5′‐exonuclease activity. Knockdown or loss of BRCA1 protein resulted in an increased frequency of overall plasmid DNA mutagenesis and MMEJ following a DSB. Inhibition of Mre11‐exonuclease activity with mirin significantly decreased the occurrence of MMEJ, but did not considerably affect the overall mutagenic frequency of plasmid DSB repair. The results suggest that BRCA1 protects DNA from mutagenesis during nonhomologous DSB repair in plasmid‐based assays. The increased frequency of DSB mutagenesis and MMEJ repair in the absence of BRCA1 suggests a potential mechanism for carcinogenesis. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Polymorphisms in complement system genes and risk of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Bassig Bryan A. , Zheng Tongzhang , Zhang Yawei , Berndt Sonja I. , Holford Theodore R. , Hosgood H.Dean , Hu Wei , Leaderer Brian , Yeager Meredith , Menashe Idan , Boyle Peter , Xu Jun , Zou Kaiyong , Zhu Yong , Chanock Stephen , Rothman Nathaniel , Lan Qing 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe complement system plays an important role in inflammatory and immune responses, and recent evidence has suggested that it may also play a role in lymphomagenesis. We evaluated the association between genetic variation in complement system genes and risk of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in a population‐based case–control study conducted among women in Connecticut. Tag SNPs in 30 complement genes were genotyped in 432 Caucasian incident cases and 494 frequency‐matched controls. A gene‐based analysis that adjusted for the number of tag SNPs genotyped in each gene showed a significant association with NHL overall (P = 0.04) as well as with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (P = 0.01) for the C1RL gene. A SNP‐based analysis showed that a C>T base substitution for C1RL rs3813729 (odds ratio (OR)CT = 0.60, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.42–0.87, Ptrend = 0.0062) was associated with a decreased risk of overall NHL, as well as for DLBCL (ORCT = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.20–0.73; Ptrend = 0.0034). Additionally, SNPs (C2 rs497309, A>C and C3 rs344550, G>C) in two complement genes were positively associated with marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) and C1QG was associated with CLL/SLL, but these results were based on a limited number of cases. Our results suggest a potential role of the complement system in susceptibility to NHL; however, our results should be viewed as exploratory and further replication is needed to clarify these preliminary findings. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2012. Published 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reconstruction of nuclear receptor network reveals that NR2E3 is a novel upstream regulator of ESR1 in breast cancer
Authors: Park Yun‐Yong , Kim Kyounghyun , Kim Sang‐Bae , Hennessy Bryan T. , Kim Soo Mi , Park Eun Sung , Lim Jae Yun , Li Jane , Lu Yiling , Gonzalez‐Angulo Ana Maria , Jeong Woojin , Mills Gordon B. , Safe Stephen , Lee Ju‐Seog 
Published: December 2011

AbstractESR1 is one of the most important transcription factors and therapeutic targets in breast cancer. By applying systems‐level re‐analysis of publicly available gene expression data, we uncovered a potential regulator of ESR1. We demonstrated that orphan nuclear receptor NR2E3 regulates ESR1 via direct binding to the ESR1 promoter with concomitant recruitment of PIAS3 to the promoter in breast cancer cells, and is essential for physiological cellular activity of ESR1 in estrogen receptor (ER)‐positive breast cancer cells. Moreover, expression of NR2E3 was significantly associated with recurrence‐free survival and a favourable response to tamoxifen treatment in women with ER‐positive breast cancer. Our results provide mechanistic insights on the regulation of ESR1 by NR2E3 and the clinical relevance of NR2E3 in breast cancer.
Topographic predictors of susceptibility to alluvial fan flooding, Southern Apennines
Authors: Santangelo N. , Daunis‐i‐Estadella J. , Di Crescenzo G. , Di Donato V. , Faillace P. I. , Martín‐Fernández J. A. , Romano P. , Santo A. , Scorpio V. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThe flooding susceptibility of alluvial fans in the Southern Apennines has long been neglected. To partly address this oversight, we focus on the region of Campania which contains highly urbanized piedmont areas particularly vulnerable to flooding. Our findings are based on stratigraphic analysis of the fans and morphometric analysis of the basin‐fan systems. Using geomorphological analysis we recognized active alluvial fans while stratigraphic analysis together with statistical analysis of the morphometric variables was used to classify the fans in terms of the transport process involved. The results indicate that in the geological context examined, the best discrimination between debris flow (Df) and water flood (Wf) processes is achieved by means of two related variables, one for the basin (feeder channel inclination, Cg) and one for the fan (fan length, Fl). The probability that an unclassified fan belongs to group Wf is computed by applying a logistic function in which a P value exceeding 0.5 indicates that a basin/fan system belongs to group Wf. This important result led to the classification of the entire basin/fan system data. As regards process intensity, debris flow‐dominated fans are susceptible to the occurrence of flows with high viscosity and hence subject to more severe events than water flood‐dominated fans. Bearing this in mind, the data gathered in this study allow us to detect where alluvial fan flooding might occur and give information on the different degrees of susceptibility at a regional scale. Regrettably, urban development in recent decades has failed to take the presence of such alluvial fans into account due to the long recurrence time (50–100 years) between floods. This paper outlines the distribution of such susceptibility scenarios throughout the region, thereby constituting an initial step to implementing alluvial fan flooding control and mitigation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.