bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metformin use associated with lower rate of hospitalization for influenza in individuals with diabetes
Authors: Greene Elizabeth , Green Cynthia L. , Hurst Jillian , MacIver Nancie J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimTo investigate if patients with diabetes taking metformin have better outcomes versus those not taking metformin following an emergency room visit for influenza.MethodsUsing electronic medical records, we performed a retrospective chart review of all adult patients with a diagnosis of diabetes seen in any Duke University Medical Center‐affiliated emergency department for influenza over a 6‐year period. We documented patient characteristics and comorbidities, and compared outcomes for patients taking metformin versus patients not taking metformin using both univariable and multivariable analyses. Our primary outcome was hospital admission rate. Secondary outcomes were in‐hospital length of stay and in‐hospital death.ResultsOur cohort included 1023 adult patients with diabetes, of whom 59.9% were female. The mean age was 62.9 years, 58.4% were African American, 36.1% were White, and 81.9% were obese or overweight. Of these patients, 347 (34%) were taking metformin. Patients with diabetes taking metformin were less likely to be hospitalized following an emergency department visit for influenza than patients with diabetes not taking metformin (56.8% vs. 70.1%; p < 0.001). Of those patients admitted, there was no statistically significant difference in length of stay or death.ConclusionsIn patients with diabetes, metformin use is associated with lower rate of hospitalization following an emergency department visit for influenza.
Education, crowding‐out, and Black‐White employment in youth labor markets: Evidence from No Pass, No Drive policies
Authors: Kennedy Kendall J. , Shen Danqing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe study how education affects Black and White youth employment in the context of No Pass, No Drive (NPND) policies, which require that teens attend school to hold drivers' licenses. Using difference‐in‐differences estimation, we find that NPND policies increase Black teen employment by 6.7 p.p. without affecting labor force participation (LFP), while reducing White teen employment and LFP by 8.3 p.p. and 5.9 p.p., respectively. We find similar, but smaller effects for Black and White adults ages 18–25. By increasing school enrollment, NPND policies cause White youths to exit the labor force, increasing labor market tightness and improving job finding for Black youths.
Assessment of artificial intelligence applications in responding to dental trauma
Authors: Ozden Idil , Gokyar Merve , Ozden Mustafa Enes , Sazak Ovecoglu Hesna 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study assessed the consistency and accuracy of responses provided by two artificial intelligence (AI) applications, ChatGPT and Google Bard (Gemini), to questions related to dental trauma.Materials and MethodsBased on the International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines, 25 dichotomous (yes/no) questions were posed to ChatGPT and Google Bard over 10 days. The responses were recorded and compared with the correct answers. Statistical analyses, including Fleiss kappa, were conducted to determine the agreement and consistency of the responses.ResultsAnalysis of 4500 responses revealed that both applications provided correct answers to 57.5% of the questions. Google Bard demonstrated a moderate level of agreement, with varying rates of incorrect answers and referrals to physicians.ConclusionsAlthough ChatGPT and Google Bard are potential knowledge resources, their consistency and accuracy in responding to dental trauma queries remain limited. Further research involving specially trained AI models in endodontics is warranted to assess their suitability for clinical use.
Public health policies in dental traumatology: A call for action!
Authors: Brandini Daniela Atili , Carvalho de Souza Cantão Ana Beatriz , Levin Liran 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTraumatic dental injuries (TDI) are a prevalent public health concern, requiring preventive measures as well as timely and appropriate interventions to prevent adverse outcomes and optimize patients' prognosis. Although dental trauma injuries require prompt clinical intervention, some challenges persist in effectively managing these injuries. In dental traumatology, the implementation of public health policies assumes critical importance, these policies play an important role in addressing preventive measures and mitigating the repercussions of TDI. This review aims to emphasize the importance of developing comprehensive public health policies in dental traumatology, recognizing the strategic importance of this approach and its benefits. By proactively addressing issues associated with dental injuries, these policies have extensive implications for individual quality of life and public health in general. Furthermore, this review will present a suggested structured framework for the development of public health policies, encompassing key domains including prevention, intervention, and education in dental traumatology. The creation and implementation of these policies will address dental trauma through prevention programs, research, and development, and will provide a significant step toward enhancing the well‐being of the population and dental trauma victims' prognosis promoting a more resilient healthcare system.
Hospitalization and mortality in Asian autoimmune bullous dermatosis patients: A 17‐year retrospective study
Authors: Amonchaisakda Nuntouchaporn , Rujitharanawong Chuda , Tuchinda Papapit , Kulthanan Kanokvalai , Chularojanamontri Leena 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLimited data exist on the factors associated with hospitalization and mortality in Asian inpatients with autoimmune bullous dermatoses (AIBDs). This study aimed to elucidate the risk factors affecting hospitalization and mortality rates in Asian patients with AIBDs. A retrospective analysis of patients with AIBDs treated at Siriraj Hospital during a 17‐year period was performed using the International Classification of Diseases 10th revision codes. The characteristics of inpatients and outpatients were compared, and mortality rates and associated factors were identified. The study included 360 AIBD patients (180 inpatients, 180 outpatients). Inpatients were significantly younger than outpatients. The identified risk factors for hospitalization were malignancy (odds ratio [OR] 2.83, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13–8.04; p = 0.034), moderate to severe disease (OR 2.52, 95% CI 1.49–4.34; p < 0.001), systemic corticosteroid use ≥15 mg/day (OR 2.27, 95% CI 1.21–4.41; p = 0.013) and oral cyclophosphamide treatment (OR 9.88, 95% CI 3.82–33.7; p < 0.001). Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed mortality rates of 26%, 36% and 39% for inpatients with pemphigus at 1, 3 and 5 years, respectively. For inpatients with pemphigoid, the corresponding rates were 28%, 38% and 47%. Infections, particularly pneumonia, were the predominant cause of death in both conditions. This study confirmed that both Asian ethnicity and healthcare disparities may be correlated with adverse outcomes in patients with AIBDs. Pemphigus mortality rates were substantially greater in Asian patients than in Caucasian patients. Continuous monitoring of factors contributing to hospitalization and mortality is imperative to improve treatment outcomes.
Robots y empleo. Revisión bibliográfica
Authors: SHARFAEI Shahab 
Published: May 2024

ResumenLa rápida evolución de la robótica es un gran avance científico que podría tener importantes consecuencias para la economía mundial y los estudios económicos. En este artículo se revisa la bibliografía reciente sobre este tema desde una doble perspectiva. En primer lugar, se analizan críticamente los estudios teóricos sobre los efectos de la robotización en el empleo atendiendo a su validez explicativa. En segundo lugar, se evalúa la evidencia empírica actual sobre el impacto de la tecnología robótica en el empleo y en la relocalización. Este ejercicio pone de relieve las limitaciones de la bibliografía y señala futuras líneas de investigación.
Glycans in melanoma: Drivers of tumour progression but sweet targets to exploit for immunotherapy
Authors: Niveau Camille , Sosa Cuevas Eleonora , Saas Philippe , Aspord Caroline 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAberrant glycosylation recently emerged as an unmissable hallmark of cancer progression in many cancers. In melanoma, there is growing evidence that the tumour ‘glycocode’ plays a major role in promoting cell proliferation, invasion, migration, but also dictates the nature of the immune infiltrate, which strongly affects immune cell function, and clinical outcome. Aberrant glycosylation patterns dismantle anti‐tumour defence through interactions with lectins on immune cells, which are crucial to shape anti‐tumour immunity but also to trigger immune evasion. The glycan/lectin axis represents a new immune subversion pathway that is exploited by melanoma to hijack immune cells and escape from immune control. In this review, we describe the glycosylation features of melanoma tumour cells, and further gather findings related to the role of glycosylation in melanoma tumour progression, deciphering in detail its impact on immunity. We also depict glycan‐based strategies aiming at restoring a functional anti‐tumour response in melanoma patients. Glycans/lectins emerge as key immune checkpoints with promising translational properties. Exploitation of these pathways could reshape potent anti‐tumour immunity while impeding immunosuppressive circuits triggered by aberrant tumour glycosylation patterns, holding great promise for cancer therapy.
Questioning the potential of tourism‐related imagined contact in improving interethnic relations in Türkiye
Authors: Yücel Emine , Ekici Hatice , Cesur Sevim 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWith three experimental studies, we used the imagined contact hypothesis to investigate the efficiency of tourist‐host contacts in promoting positive interethnic attitudes in Türkiye. Participants (ethnic Turks) were asked to envision themselves as tourists, interacting with a local minority member (either a Kurd or an Armenian) in the imagined destination place. We manipulated three variables: contact type (standard vs. friendship‐fostering contact), tourism form (domestic vs. international), and tourist‐host hierarchy. Study 1 (N = 261) and Study 3 (N = 284) examined attitudes toward Kurds, whereas Study 2 (N = 324) focused on views toward Armenians. An imagined interethnic contact with friendship potential in the domestic tourism setting (compared to an imagined trip without contact) produced higher approach intentions toward Kurds and Armenians, greater support for multiculturalism, and more positive affect toward Armenians. Surprisingly, when tourism‐related imagined interactions were hierarchical (i.e., tourist‐service personnel interaction) rather than egalitarian (i.e., tourist–resident interaction), they elicited more support for multiculturalism and higher approach intentions toward Kurds. Based on our findings, we propose tourism‐based imagined contact as a novel intervention technique for promoting more harmonious interethnic relations, particularly by incorporating friendship potential.
Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of type 2 diabetes in southeast China: A population‐based study
Authors: Hu Xiangju , Fang Xin , Wu Minxia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo estimate the prevalence, awareness, treatment, control rate, and influence factors of type 2 diabetes in Fujian province and provide the scientific basic for prevention.Materials and MethodsA population‐based study with the analysis of binary logistic regression was carried out to estimate the odds ratios of the influencing factor on type 2 diabetes. Data of the Patient‐Centered Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events (PEACE) in southeast China were used. The study sample originated from 12 counties in Fujian province and included 135,352 permanent residents aged 35–75 years in 2021.ResultsThe prevalence of type 2 diabetes was 18.32% (24,801/135,352). Among them, 13,921 (56.13%) were aware of their condition, 11,894 (47.96%) were receiving treatment, and 4,537 (18.29%) had achieved control of blood glucose. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that older age, men, low‐family income, low‐education level, urban locality, no medical insurance, and histories of myocardial infarction, stroke, dyslipidemia, hypertension, alcohol consumption, and obesity were associated with a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes.ConclusionsThe prevalence of type 2 diabetes among residents aged 35–75 years in southeast China is high, whereas the status of its low awareness, treatment and control is severe, warranting a broad‐based global strategy, including greater efforts in earlier screening, and more effective and affordable treatment is essential.
Epidermolytic ichthyosis: Clinical spectrum and burden of disease in a large German cohort
Authors: Frommherz Leonie , Giehl Kathrin , Hofmann Josephine , Huebner Stefanie , Kiekbusch Kirstin , Sabkova Teodora , Süßmuth Kira , Alter Svenja , Tantcheva‐Poór Iliana , Ott Hagen , Fischer Judith , Has Cristina 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundKeratinopathic ichthyoses are a group of hereditary skin disorders caused by pathogenic variants in keratin genes such as KRT1, KRT2 and KRT10, resulting in conditions such as epidermolytic ichthyosis (EI), autosomal‐recessive EI, superficial EI and epidermal nevus. Case reports highlight the diversity of clinical manifestations, but only limited information exists regarding the quality of life and burden of disease.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to assess the clinical spectrum, genotype–phenotype correlations and burden of disease in patients with epidermolytic ichthyosis in Germany.MethodsWe conducted an observational study involving 48 patients diagnosed with EI. Evaluations included the severity of skin involvement using the Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA), the modified Ichthyosis Area Severity Index (mIASI) and complications. The burden of disease was evaluated using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) or the Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index (cDLQI).ResultsBased on clinical features, mIASI and IGA, EI can be categorized into localized, intermediate and severe forms. Patients with keratin 1 mutations tended to have severe EI, while the three forms were evenly distributed in those with keratin 10 mutations. The study highlights that around half of the patients with EI experienced itch and severe pain. Quality of life was affected, with daily life restrictions of 78% due to care and therapies. Reimbursement for moisturizing ointments by health insurance was insufficient for one‐quarter of cases.ConclusionsThe results emphasize the need for targeted interventions and comprehensive care strategies to enhance the quality of life for affected individuals.
The impact of vedolizumab therapy on extraintestinal manifestations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zheng Dian‐yu , Wang Yi‐nuo , Huang Yu‐Hong , Jiang Min , Ma Yi‐nan , Dai Cong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and AimExtraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) pose a significant threat in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Vedolizumab (VDZ) primarily affects the gastrointestinal tract. However, its impact on EIMs remains uncertain. Therefore, we conducted this meta‐analysis to examine the effects of VDZ on EIMs during treatment.MethodsRelevant studies were identified by conducting thorough searches across electronic databases, including PubMed, Ovid Embase, Medline, and Cochrane CENTRAL. Primary outcomes focused on the proportion of patients with resolution for pre‐existing EIMs in IBD patients receiving VDZ. Secondary outcomes included the proportion of patients with EIM exacerbations and new onset EIMs during VDZ treatment.ResultsOur meta‐analysis encompassed 21 studies. The proportion of patients with resolution of pre‐existing EIMs in VDZ‐treated IBD patients was 39% (150/386; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.31–0.48). The proportion of patients with EIM exacerbations occurred at a rate of 28% (113/376; 95% CI 0.05–0.50), while new onset EIMs had a rate of 15% (397/2541; 95% CI 0.10–0.20). Subgroup analysis revealed a 40% (136/337) proportion of patients with resolution for articular‐related EIMs and a 50% (9/18) rate for erythema nodosum. Exacerbation rates for arthritis/arthralgia, erythema nodosum/pyoderma gangrenosum, and aphthous stomatitis during VDZ use were 28% (102/328), 18% (7/38), and 11% (3/28), respectively. The incidence rate of newly developed EIMs during treatment was 11% (564/4839) for articular‐related EIMs, with other EIMs below 2%.ConclusionVDZ demonstrates efficacy in skin‐related EIMs like erythema nodosum and joint‐related EIMs including arthritis, arthralgia, spondyloarthritis, and peripheral joint diseases. Some joint and skin‐related EIMs may experience exacerbation during VDZ therapy.
Endoscopic and histological risk stratification for gastric cancer using gastric intestinal metaplasia
Authors: Kawamura Masashi , Uedo Noriya , Yao Kenshi , Koike Tomoyuki , Kanesaka Takashi , Hatta Waku , Ogata Yohei , Iwai Wataru , Yokosawa Satoshi , Honda Junya , Asonuma Sho , Okata Hideki , Ohyauchi Motoki , Ito Hirotaka , Abe Yasuhiko , Ara Nobuyuki , Kayaba Shoichi , Shinkai Hirohiko , Kanemitsu Takao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and AimIntestinal metaplasia (IM) of the gastric mucosa is strongly associated with the risk of gastric cancer (GC). This study was performed to investigate the usefulness of endoscopic and histological risk stratification for GC using IM.MethodsThis was a post‐hoc analysis of a multicenter prospective study involving 10 Japanese facilities (UMINCTR000027023). The ridge/tubulovillous pattern, light blue crest (LBC), white opaque substance (WOS), endoscopic grading of gastric IM (EGGIM) score using non‐magnifying image‐enhanced endoscopy, and operative link on gastric IM assessment (OLGIM) were evaluated for their associations with GC risk in all patients.ResultsIn total, 380 patients (115 with GC and 265 without GC) were analyzed. The presence of an LBC (limited to antrum: odds ratio [OR] 2.4 [95% confidence interval 1.1–5.0], extended to corpus: OR 3.6 [2.1–6.3]), the presence of WOS (limited to antrum: OR 3.0 [1.7–5.3], extended to corpus: OR 4.2 [2.1–8.2]), and histological IM (limited to antrum: OR 3.2 [1.4–7.4], extended to corpus: OR 8.5 [4.5–16.0]) were significantly associated with GC risk. Additionally, the EGGIM score (5–8 points: OR 8.8 [4.4–16.0]) and OLGIM (stage III/IV: OR 12.5 [6.1–25.8]) were useful for stratification of GC risk. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve value for GC risk was 0.740 for OLGIM and 0.706 for EGGIM.ConclusionsThe LBC, WOS, EGGIM, and OLGIM were strongly associated with GC risk in Japanese patients. This finding can be useful for GC risk assessment in daily clinical practice.
Cognitive impairment and treatment strategy for atrial fibrillation in older adults: The SAGE‐AF study
Authors: Athreya Deepti S. , Saczynski Jane S. , Gurwitz Jerry H. , Monahan Kevin M. , Bamgbade Benita A. , Paul Tenes J. , Sogade Felix , Lessard Darleen M. , McManus David D. , Helm Robert H. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundCognitive impairment is strongly associated with atrial fibrillation (AF). Rate and rhythm control are the two treatment strategies for AF and the effect of treatment strategy on risk of cognitive decline and frailty is not well established. We sought to determine how treatment strategy affects geriatric‐centered outcomes.MethodsThe Systematic Assessment of Geriatric Elements‐AF (SAGE‐AF) was a prospective, observational, cohort study. Older adults with AF were prospectively enrolled between 2016 and 2018 and followed longitudinally for 2 years. In a non‐randomized fashion, participants were grouped by rate or rhythm control treatment strategy based on clinical treatment at enrollment. Baseline characteristics were compared. Longitudinal binary mixed models were used to compare treatment strategy with respect to change in cognitive function and frailty status. Cognitive function and frailty status were assessed with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Battery and Fried frailty phenotype tools.Results972 participants (mean age = 75, SD = 6.8; 49% female, 87% non‐Hispanic white) completed baseline examination and 2‐year follow‐up. 408 (42%) were treated with rate control and 564 (58%) with rhythm control. The patient characteristics of the two groups were different at baseline. Participants in the rate control group were older, more likely to have persistent AF, prior stroke, be treated with warfarin and have baseline cognitive impairment. After adjusting for baseline differences, participants treated with rate control were 1.5 times more likely to be cognitively impaired over 2 years (adjusted OR: 1.47, 95% CI:1.12, 1.98) and had a greater decline in cognitive function (adjusted estimate: −0.59 (0.23), p < 0.01) in comparison to rhythm control. Frailty did not vary between the treatment strategies.ConclusionsAmong those who had 2‐year follow‐up in non‐randomized observational cohort, the decision to rate control AF in older adults was associated with increased odds of decline in cognitive function but not frailty.
Predictors of functional outcome after stroke: Sex differences in older individuals
Authors: Mavridis Anastasios , Reinholdsson Malin , Sunnerhagen Katharina S. , Abzhandadze Tamar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundSex differences in stroke are well documented, with females being older at onset, with more severe strokes and worse outcomes than males. Females receive less comprehensive stroke unit treatment. Similarly, older individuals receive poorer quality care than younger ones. There is limited research on sex differences in factors that impact 3‐month poststroke functional outcome in people older than 80 years.MethodsThis register‐based and cross‐sectional study analyzed data from two stroke quality registers in Sweden from 2014 through 2019. The study included patients aged ≥80 with a diagnosis of ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. Sociodemographic features, prestroke condition, stroke severity on admission (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS]), stroke unit care, rehabilitation plans, and 3‐month poststroke functional outcome measured with the modified Rankin Scale were analyzed. Ordinal regression analyses stratified by sex were conducted to assess sex differences in factors that impact poststroke functional outcome 3 months after the stroke.ResultsA total of 2245 patients were studied with the majority (59.2%) being females. Females experienced more severe strokes (NIHSS median 4 vs. 3, p = 0.01) and were older at stroke onset than males (87.0 vs. 85.4, p < 0.001). Females were also less independent prestroke (69.9% vs. 77.4%, p < 0.001) and a higher proportion of females lived alone (78.2% vs. 44.2%, p < 0.001). Males received intravenous thrombolysis more often than females (16.3% vs. 12.0%, p = 0.005). Regarding 3‐month functional outcome, males benefited more from thrombolysis (odds ratio [OR] 0.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.30–0.83), whereas females benefited more from thrombectomy (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.20–0.71).ConclusionStroke care should be adapted to sex disparities in older individuals, while clinicians should be aware of these sex disparities. Further research could clarify the mechanisms behind these disparities and lead to a more personalized approach to stroke care of the older population.