bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrophobic ionic liquid‐based ultrasound‐assisted extraction of magnolol and honokiol from cortex Magnoliae officinalis
Authors: Zhang Lijin , Wang Xiao 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe hydrophobic ionic liquid of [BMIM][PF6] was successfully used for the ultrasound‐assisted extraction of hydrophobic magnolol and honokiol from cortex Magnoliae officinalis. To obtain the best extraction efficiencies, some ultrasonic parameters including the concentration of [BMIM][PF6], pH, ultrasonic power and ultrasonic time were evaluated. The results obtained indicated that the [BMIM][PF6]‐based ultrasound‐assisted extraction efficiencies of magnolol and honokiol were greater than those of the [BMIM][BF4]‐based ultrasound‐assisted extraction (from 48.6 to 45.9%) and the traditional ethanol reflux extraction (from 16.2 to 13.3%). Furthermore, the proposed extraction method is validated by the recovery, correlation coefficient (R2) and reproducibility (RSD, n=5), which were 90.8–102.6, 0.9992–0.9998, and 1.6–5.4%, respectively.
A study on separation and extraction of four main alkaloids in Macleaya cordata (Willd) R. Br. with strip dispersion hybrid liquid membrane
Authors: Ouyang Li , Su Xiaoli , He Dingsheng , Chen Yuanyuan , Ma Ming , Xie Qingji , Yao Shouzhuo 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA technique based on strip dispersion hybrid liquid membrane was developed for the separation and extraction of four main alkaloids from fruits of Macleaya cordata (Willd) R. Br. A microporous polypropylene membrane impregnated with an organic membrane solution comprised the heart of the strip dispersion hybrid liquid membrane system. The membrane solution was made by dissolving a cationic carrier, di‐(2‐ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid in an inexpensive, less toxic membrane solvent, kerosene. The transport of alkaloids from an aqueous feed solution through the membrane to a strip dispersion phase was driven by the concentration gradient of H+ and facilitated by di‐(2‐ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid. The effects of the extraction time and reuse times of the membrane, the strip solution composition, the carrier concentration, the volume ratio of the aqueous strip solution to the organic membrane solution, and the flow rates of the feed solution and the strip dispersion phase on the transport of alkaloids were investigated. Under the optimal conditions, the permeability coefficients obtained for the four main alkaloids allocryptopine, protopine, sanguinarine, and chelerythrine were 1.66, 1.99, 2.98, and 3.06×10−4 cm/s, and the transport efficiencies were as high as 68, 77, 83, and 85%, respectively.
The critical condition for intrusion of a steel ball into sliding contact space
Authors: Li Fuxun , Diao Dongfeng , Fan Xue 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe intrusion tests of a ball into sliding contact space were carried out. A stainless steel ball with 3.175 mm radius was used as a sphere particle to study the critical intrusion condition of the ball into the contact space between the organic glass and the polyurethane rubber. The effect of intrusion angle of the contact space and the friction coefficients among the ball, the organic glass and the polyurethane rubber on the critical condition were studied experimentally. Then, the intrusion conditions for the ball into the contact space were analysed theoretically. The results showed that the calculated critical intrusion angles agreed well with the experimental ones. Finally, the intrusion diagram as a function of critical intrusion angle, friction coefficient µ1 and µ2 (here, µ1 is the friction coefficient between the ball and the polyurethane rubber, µ2 is the friction coefficient between the ball and the organic glass) was introduced to evaluate the intrusion performance of a ball into the sliding contact space. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Haploidentical stem cell transplantation as a salvage therapy for cord blood engraftment failure in a patient with Fanconi anemia
Authors: Rihani Rawad , Lataifeh Isam , Halalsheh Hadeel , Hussein Ayad Ahmed , Al‐Zaben Abdulhadi , Abdel‐Rahman Fawzi , Sarhan Mahmoud 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA 7‐year‐old male with Fanconi Anemia who developed primary graft failure following one antigen‐mismatched unrelated cord blood transplantation and a nonradiation‐based conditioning, underwent a second hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from his 2‐loci mismatched haploidentical father, using a nonradiation‐based regimen, 79 days after the first HSCT. A sustained hematological engraftment was achieved at 9 days post‐second HSCT. At 15 months post‐second HSCT; the patient demonstrated normal blood counts, sustained donor chimerism, and no evidence of GVHD. Haploidentical HSCTs as primary or secondary sources of stem cells, with appropriate T‐cell depletion, may be a readily available option in the absence of HLA‐matched related or unrelated donors. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:580–582. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structural, thermal, micromechanical and electrical study of polyimide composite thin films incorporating indium tin oxide
Authors: Gupta Anand Kumar , Garg Roopa , Keller Jag Mohan , Balakrishnan Vettai Raman 
Published: May 2010

AbstractStudies of composite films incorporating inorganic materials are of immense importance for current technological applications. Polyimide (PI) composite thin films incorporating indium tin oxide (ITO) at various weight ratios were processed using an in situ generation approach. The resultant product was imidized up to 350 °C to test the ability of the material to endure high temperatures without affecting the host matrix. The morphological behaviour of the PI/ITO composite films was investigated using Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy characterization techniques. The degrees of crystallinity and ITO particle size within the PI matrix were studied using X‐ray diffraction. The thermal, structural and electrical properties were analysed using thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, UV‐visible spectroscopy and the four‐probe technique. The micromechanical properties of the composites were evaluated in terms of tensile strength, tensile modulus and elongation. An overall improvement in the properties of the composite films was observed in comparison to those of pure PI. The synergistic improvement in the composite films is associated with the interaction mechanism between ITO and PI, where ITO becomes dispersed and interacts within the PI matrix. This leads to a decrease in available free‐space volume and increases the surface enrichment providing reinforcement to the matrix. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Role of partial protein unfolding in alcohol‐induced protein aggregation
Authors: Singh Surinder M. , Cabello‐Villegas Javier , Hutchings Regina L. , Mallela Krishna M. G. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractProteins aggregate in response to various stresses including changes in solvent conditions. Addition of alcohols has been recently shown to induce aggregation of disease‐related as well as nondisease‐related proteins. Here we probed the biophysical mechanisms underlying alcohol‐induced protein aggregation, in particular the role of partial protein unfolding in aggregation. We have studied aggregation mechanisms due to benzyl alcohol which is used in numerous biochemical and biotechnological applications. We chose cytochrome c as a model protein, for the reason that various optical and structural probes are available to monitor its global and partial unfolding reactions. Benzyl alcohol induced the aggregation of cytochrome c in isothermal conditions and decreased the temperature at which the protein aggregates. However, benzyl alcohol did not perturb the overall native conformation of cytochrome c. Instead, it caused partial unfolding of a local protein region around the methionine residue at position 80. Site‐specific optical probes, two‐dimensional NMR titrations, and hydrogen exchange all support this conclusion. The protein aggregation temperature varied linearly with the melting temperature of the Met80 region. Stabilizing the Met80 region by heme iron reduction drastically decreased protein aggregation, which confirmed that the local unfolding of this region causes protein aggregation. These results indicate that a possible mechanism by which alcohols induce protein aggregation is through partial rather than complete unfolding of native proteins. Proteins 2010. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nanotubes in biosensing
Authors: Lei Jianping , Ju Huangxian 
Published: May 2010

AbstractCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) have extensively been used for electrochemical and optical biosensing due to the unique mechanical, chemical, and electrical properties. This review introduces two functionalization categories, noncovalent interaction along the CNTs sidewalls via physical adsorption or entrapment and covalent binding via carboxylate chemistry or nonselective attack of nanotube sidewalls by highly reactive species and gives an overview on the functionalized CNTs‐based biosensing methodologies for DNA, antigen‐antibody, cells, and other biological molecules. Furthermore, the in vivo near‐IR fluorescence biosensing application of CNTs with high photostability and efficiency is discussed. Finally, field‐effect transistors based on semiconductor CNTs are also summarized for ultrasensitive detection. Biosensors based on CNTs provide a significant avenue for the detection of biomolecules in vivo and in vitro applications. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2010 2 496–509This article is categorized under:

Diagnostic Tools > Biosensing
Blood replacement with nanobiotechnologically engineered hemoglobin and hemoglobin nanocapsules
Authors: Chang Thomas Ming Swi 
Published: May 2010

AbstractUnlike donor red blood cells (RBCs), blood substitutes can be treated to remove infective agents and can be used on the spot or in the ambulance in emergency without the time‐consuming typing and cross‐matching. Donor RBC requires storage at 4°and is only good for 42 days, but blood substitutes can be stored for much longer time. For example, a bovine polyhemoglobin (PolyHb) can be stored at room temperature for more than 1 year. It has been shown as far back as 1957 that artificial RBC can be prepared with ultrathin polymer membranes of nanodimension thickness. To increase the circulation time, the first‐generation engineered hemoglobin (Hb) is formed by using glutaraldehyde to crosslink Hb into soluble nanodimension PolyHb that has been tested clinically in patients. Further extension includes conjugated Hb, intramolecularly crosslinked Hb and recombinant Hb. For certain clinical uses, in addition to engineered Hb, we also need antioxidants to remove oxygen radicals to prevent injury from ischemia reperfusion. Thus, we use nanobiotechnology to prepare second‐generation engineered Hb by assembling Hb together with superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) to form a nanodimension soluble complex of polyhemoglobin (PolyHb)‐CAT‐SOD. A third generation system is to prepare nanodimension complete artificial RBCs that can circulate for sufficient length of time after infusion. One approach uses lipid vesicles to encapsulate hemoglobin (Hb). Another approach is to use biodegradable polymer‐like polylactic acid or a copolymer of polyethylene glycol‐polylactide (PEG‐PLA) to form the membrane of nanodimension complete artificial RBC (www.artcell.mcgill.ca).WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol2010 2 418–430This article is categorized under:Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanotechnology in Tissue Repair and Replacement
Virtual software team project management
Authors: Casey Valentine 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Globally distributed information systems development has become a key strategy for large sections of the software industry. This involves outsourcing projects to third parties or offshoring development to divisions in remote locations. A popular approach when implementing these strategies is the establishment of virtual teams. The justification for embarking on this approach is to endeavor to leverage the potential benefits of labor arbitrage available between geographical locations. When implementing such a strategy organizations must recognize that virtual teams operate differently to collocated teams, therefore, they must be managed differently. These differences arise due to the complex and collaborative nature of information systems development and the impact distance introduces. Geographical, temporal, cultural, and linguistic distance all negatively impact on coordination, cooperation, communication, and visibility in the virtual team setting. In these circumstances, it needs to be recognized that the project management of a virtual team must be carried out in a different manner to that of a collocated team. Results from this research highlight six specific project management areas, which need to be addressed to facilitate successful virtual team operation. They are: Organizational Virtual Team Strategy, Risk Management, Infrastructure, Implementation of a Virtual Team Process, Team Structure and Organization, and Conflict Management.
Testing the Liberal Multiculturalist Hypothesis: Normative Theories and Social Science Evidence
Authors: Kymlicka Will 
Published: May 2010

Abstract.For much of the 1990s, the academic literature on multiculturalism was heavily normative, dominated by political philosophers who developed idealized theories of a distinctly liberal–democratic form of multicultural citizenship. This “liberal multiculturalism hypothesis”—the notion that multiculturalism policies can be adopted without jeopardizing core liberal–democratic values—has been quite influential, shaping debates not just within the field of philosophy, but more widely in academia and indeed in public life. Many social scientists, however, question whether multiculturalism in the real world has been so benign. This paper considers the available evidence, empirically testing the liberal multiculturalism hypothesis, both in Canada and cross-nationally. What does this evidence tell us about the prospects for liberal–democratic multiculturalism and about the impact of multicultural policies on liberal–democratic values?Résumé.Au cours des années 1990, la littérature académique sur le multiculturalisme était décidément normative, dominée par des philosophes politiques qui ont développé des théories idéalisées d'une forme de citoyenneté multiculturelle nettement libérale-démocrate. Cette «hypothèse du multiculturalisme libéral» – la notion que des politiques de multiculturalisme peuvent être adoptées sans compromettre les valeurs fondamentales de la démocratie libérale – s'est avérée très influente, structurant les débats non seulement dans l'enceinte de la philosophie, mais aussi dans l'arène plus vaste du milieu académique et même dans la vie publique. Plusieurs chercheurs en sciences humaines, cependant, se demandent si le multiculturalisme dans le monde réel a été si bénin. Cet article examine la preuve disponible tout en évaluant empiriquement l'hypothèse du multiculturalisme libéral, tant au Canada qu'ailleurs. Que nous indique cette preuve concernant l'avenir du multiculturalisme libéral démocratique et l'impact des politiques multiculturelles sur les valeurs de la démocratie libérale?
Multiple Minorities and Deceptive Dichotomies: The Theoretical and Political Implications of the Struggle for a Public French Education System in Alberta
Authors: Abu-Laban Yasmeen , Couture Claude 
Published: May 2010

Abstract.In this article we re-establish the relevance of linguistic diversity by highlighting that French is a minority language spoken by a growing number of non-white and non-Christian minority groups, including Muslims. These groups are often characterized in contemporary Canada as essentially non-modern, traditional and opposed to secularism—characterizations that were used historically to depict French ethnic minorities as essentially Catholic, traditional and non-modern. Utilizing a historically grounded case study of the evolution of French language education rights in Alberta, the study reveals how “Franco-Albertans” are a linguistic minority comprised of other minorities. We also show the contradictions inherent in dichotomous representations of “secularism” when it comes to “Western” and “non-Western” societies, or “Christian” and “Muslim” groups. We argue that in expanding the discipline's focus to deal with a wider range of “groups,” analysts need to attend to how “multiple minorities” may take analytically relevant forms, and be wary of evolutionary and dichotomous constructions of diverse “others.”Résumé.Dans cet article, nous redonnons une place importante à la question linguistique comme dimension politique fondamentale au Canada, et au français comme langue minoritaire parlée par un nombre croissant de groupes minoritaires non blancs et non chrétiens, y compris les musulmans. Ces groupes, ce qui n'est pas selon nous sans intérêt, sont souvent globalement décrits aujourd'hui comme étant non modernes, traditionnels et opposés au sécularisme dans un discours qui n'est pas sans évoquer la façon dont les Canadiens français furent historiquement décrits comme une société strictement catholique et prémoderne. Dans ce cas-ci, le Canada francophone est étudié à travers le prisme de la francophonie albertaine, elle-même composée de plusieurs minorités. Nous nous concentrons en particulier sur les droits scolaires en Alberta et un lien est aussi établi entre cette situation et la description souvent dichotomique par rapport au sécularisme de la société canadienne entre les groupes «occidentaux» et «non occidentaux» ou encore entre les groupes «chrétiens» d'un côté, et de l'autre, les groupes de la diversité multiculturelle canadienne, notamment les musulmans francophones. La thèse de cet article est qu'en élargissant le champ d'investigation de la discipline de façon à inclure un éventail de groupes plus grand, les analystes doivent être vigilants quant à l'articulation complexe du concept de «minorités multiples» de façon à éviter les constructions trop évolutionnistes et dichotomiques des divers «autres».
EFFECTS OF TILLAGE INTENSITY, PLANTING TIME AND NITROGEN RATE ON WHEAT YIELD FOLLOWING RICE
Authors: ARORA V. K. , SIDHU A. S. , SANDHU K. S. , THIND S. S. 
Published: May 2010

SUMMARYPuddling coarse-textured soils for rice culture in the irrigated tract of the Indo-Gangetic Plains causes high soil strength in the upper layers. This may adversely affect growth and yield of following upland crops. It is possible that no-tillage (NT) in wheat (without residues of preceding rice crop) could aggravate this problem and reduce fertilizer nitrogen (N) use efficiency. In certain production scenarios, NT has been reported to be advantageous because it allows for earlier planting of wheat by eliminating delays caused by tillage. This study examined the combined effects of two crop establishment options for wheat in relation to fertilizer N and planting time following puddled rice cultivation in an irrigated environment of Punjab, northwest India. Combinations of two establishment systems, NT-direct planting and conventional-tillage (CT) with soil disruption to 0.10 m depth in main plots, with two N rates, 120 and 150 kg ha−1in subplots, were evaluated. Variation in planting time, 31 October (D1) and 7 and 10 November (D2), was used to evaluate effect of planting-earliness. Under D1in NT, grain yield of wheat was comparable to that under D2in CT. However, under no advancement of wheat planting in NT, grain yield was 0.2–0.3 t ha−1less than that in CT. This yield reduction in NT could be overcome by adding 30 kg ha−1more fertilizer N suggesting that tillage enhanced N use efficiency. These tillage gains are ascribed to the greater extraction of profile stored and applied water and nutrients because of denser crop rooting caused by reduction in soil strength and less weed competition. Higher N use efficiency in CT suggests that farmers could achieve fertilizer N savings with this system. Comparing the tillage systems showed that NT was more cost-effective than CT even after accounting for the cost of additional fertilizer N (saving of Rs. 1685 ha−1) to overcome associated yield penalties under no advancement in planting time.
Effects of ewe size and nutrition during pregnancy on performance of 2-year-old female offspring
Authors: VAN DER LINDEN D. S. , KENYON P. R. , LOPEZ-VILLALOBOS N. , JENKINSON C. M. C. , PETERSON S. W. , BLAIR H. T. 
Published: May 2010

SUMMARYThe current study investigated the effects of dam weight and nutrition during gestation on the reproductive performance of female primiparous offspring at 2 years of age. Four hundred and fifty heavy (H) (mean±s.e.m.: 60·8 kg±0·18) and 450 light (L) (42·5 kg±0·17) dams were randomly allocated to ad libitum (A) or maintenance (M) nutritional regimens from day 21 until day 140 of pregnancy, under pastoral grazing conditions. One week prior to lambing, all dams and their lambs were provided with ad libitum feeding through to weaning. After weaning, female progeny were managed and fed to requirements as one group. At 2 years of age, the oestrous cycles of the female offspring (n=207) were synchronized and the offspring were naturally mated. Ewes were scanned for pregnancy by ultrasound at day 70 of pregnancy. Within 24 h of birth, lambs were weighed and body dimensions were measured. Lambs were also weighed at day 24 (L24) and weaning. No effects of dam nutrition or dam weight were found (P>0·10) on the reproductive performance of the ewe offspring. Lambs of M-grand-dams were heavier at birth (P=0·024) and weaning (P=0·031) than lambs of A-grand-dams. Twin lambs of H-grand-dams were heavier at birth (P=0·014) than twin lambs of L-grand-dams; however, grand-dam weight had no effect (P>0·10) on lamb weaning weight. In summary, dam weight had no effect on reproductive performance of the female offspring, with only a minor effect on the weight of grand-offspring. Thus, being born to a larger dam has no advantages over being born to a smaller dam, in terms of number of lambs born and weight of lambs at birth and weaning. Grand-dam maintenance nutrition had no effect on reproductive performance although it increased lamb birth and weaning weight and lamb growth rates of the grand-offspring. Therefore, this indicates that ewes born to dams fed at maintenance during pregnancy have an advantage over A-ewes in physiological stressful situations including pregnancy or lactation.
Hot spot generated by non-thermal electrons just before disruption in HT-7 tokamak
Authors: LI ERZHONG , HU LIQUN , CHEN KAIYUN , LING BILI , LIU YONG , LU HONGWEI , LIN SHIYAO , SHEN BIAO , GAO XIANG 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIntense non-thermal radiation spikes were observed prior to energy quench in HT-7 tokamak. The dynamic properties of non-thermal electrons have been analyzed. Observation manifests that some non-thermal electrons are confined in the vicinity of q = 1 magnetic surface which results in hot spot phenomenon just before disruption.