bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nuclear receptor NR5A2 and bone: gene expression and association with bone mineral density
Authors: Riancho José A , Liu Yongjun , Sainz Jesús , García-Pérez Miguel A , Olmos José M , Bolado-Carrancio Alfonso , Valero Carmen , Pérez-López Javier , Cano Antonio , Yang Tielin , Sañudo Carolina , Deng Hong-Wen , Rodríguez-Rey José C 
Published: November 2011

ObjectiveThere is growing evidence for a link between energy and bone metabolism. The nuclear receptor subfamily 5 member A2 (NR5A2) is involved in lipid metabolism and modulates the expression of estrogen-related genes in some tissues. The objective of this study was to explore the influence ofNR5A2on bone cells and to determine whether its allelic variations are associated with bone mineral density (BMD).DesignAnalyses of gene expression by quantitative PCR and inhibition ofNR5A2expression by siRNAs were used to explore the effects of NR5A2 in osteoblasts. Femoral neck BMD and 30 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were first analyzed in 935 postmenopausal women and the association ofNR5A2genetic variants with BMD was explored in other 1284 women in replication cohorts.ResultsNR5A2was highly expressed in bone. The inhibition ofNR5A2confirmed that it modulates the expression of osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin, and podoplanin in osteoblasts. Two SNPs were associated with BMD in the Spanish discovery cohort (rs6663479,P=0.0014, and rs2816948,P=0.0012). A similar trend was observed in another Spanish cohort, with statistically significant differences across genotypes in the combined analysis (P=0.03). However, the association in a cohort from the United States was rather weak. Electrophoretic mobility assays and studies with luciferase reporter vectors confirmed the existence of differences in the binding of nuclear proteins and the transcriptional activity of rs2816948 alleles.ConclusionsNR5A2modulates gene expression in osteoblasts and some allelic variants are associated with bone mass in Spanish postmenopausal women.
Evidence that polymorphisms in detoxification genes modulate the susceptibility for sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Barbieri R B , Bufalo N E , Secolin R , Silva A C N , Assumpção L V M , Maciel R M B , Cerutti J M , Ward L S 
Published: November 2011

AimPolymorphic low-penetrance genes have been consistently associated with the susceptibility to a series of human tumors, including differentiated thyroid cancer.MethodsTo determine their role in medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), we used TaqMan SNP method to genotype 47 sporadic MTC (s-MTC) and a control group of 578 healthy individuals for CYP1A2*F, CYP1A1m1, GSTP1, NAT2 and 72TP53. A logistic regression analysis showed that NAT2C/C (OR=3.87; 95% CI=2.11–7.10; P=2.2×10−5) and TP53C/C genotypes (OR=3.87; 95% CI=1.78–6.10; P=2.8×10−4) inheritance increased the risk of s-MTC. A stepwise regression analysis indicated that TP53C/C genotype contributes with 8.07% of the s-MTC risk.ResultsWe were unable to identify any relationship between NAT2 and TP53 polymorphisms suggesting they are independent factors of risk to s-MTC. In addition, there was no association between the investigated genes and clinical or pathological features of aggressiveness of the tumors or the outcome of MTC patients.ConclusionIn conclusion, we demonstrated that detoxification genes and apoptotic and cell cycle control genes are involved in the susceptibility of s-MTC and may modulate the susceptibility to the disease.
Successful treatment of congenital hyperinsulinism with long-acting release octreotide
Authors: Le Quan Sang Kim-Hanh , Arnoux Jean-Baptiste , Mamoune Asmaa , Saint-Martin Cécile , Bellanné-Chantelot Christine , Valayannopoulos Vassili , Brassier Anais , Kayirangwa Honorine , Barbier Valérie , Broissand Christine , Fabreguettes Jean-Roch , Charron Brigitte , Thalabard Jean-Christophe , de Lonlay Pascale 
Published: November 2011

ContextCongenital hyperinsulinism (HI) is a common cause of hypoglycemia in infancy. The medical treatment of diazoxide-unresponsive HI is based on a somatostatin analogue.ObjectiveThis study aims at replacing three daily s.c. octreotide (Sandostatin, Novartis) injections by a single and monthly i.m. injection of long-acting release (LAR) octreotide (Sandostatin LP, Novartis) in HI patients.Subjects and methodLAR octreotide was injected every 4 weeks during 6 months and s.c. octreotide injections were stopped after the third injection of LAR octreotide. After this 6-month study, LAR octreotide was continued, with an average follow-up of 17 months. Ten HI pediatric patients unresponsive to diazoxide and currently treated with s.c. octreotide were included in the trial. Glycemias and other parameters (HbA1c, IGF1, height, weight, quality of life (QoL), and satisfaction) were monitored at each monthly visit.ResultsFor all ten patients, glycemias were maintained in the usual range, HbAlc (mean 5.5%; 95% CI: 4.6–6.2) and IGF1 (mean 89.7 ng/ml; 95% CI: 26–153) were unchanged. Patients gained height significantly (mean 2.7 cm; 95% CI: 1.9–3.4) and no side effect was noted during the study and the later follow-up. Plasma octreotide levels were stable under LAR octreotide. Parents' questionnaires of general satisfaction were highly positive whereas children's QoL evaluation remained unchanged.ConclusionIn these diazoxide-unresponsive HI patients, LAR octreotide was efficient, well tolerated and contributed to a clear simplification of the medical care.
dSet1 Is the Main H3K4 Di- and Tri-Methyltransferase ThroughoutDrosophilaDevelopment
Authors: Hallson Graham , Hollebakken Robert E , Li Taosui , Syrzycka Monika , Kim Inho , Cotsworth Shawn , Fitzpatrick Kathleen A , Sinclair Donald A R , Honda Barry M 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn eukaryotes, the post-translational addition of methyl groups to histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) plays key roles in maintenance and establishment of appropriate gene expression patterns and chromatin states. We report here that an essential locus within chromosome 3L centric heterochromatin encodes the previously uncharacterized Drosophila melanogaster ortholog (dSet1, CG40351) of the Set1 H3K4 histone methyltransferase (HMT). Our results suggest that dSet1 acts as a “global” or general H3K4 di- and trimethyl HMT in Drosophila. Levels of H3K4 di- and trimethylation are significantly reduced in dSet1 mutants during late larval and post-larval stages, but not in animals carrying mutations in genes encoding other well-characterized H3K4 HMTs such as trr, trx, and ash1. The latter results suggest that Trr, Trx, and Ash1 may play more specific roles in regulating key cellular targets and pathways and/or act as global H3K4 HMTs earlier in development. In yeast and mammalian cells, the HMT activity of Set1 proteins is mediated through an evolutionarily conserved protein complex known as Complex of Proteins Associated with Set1 (COMPASS). We present biochemical evidence that dSet1 interacts with members of a putative Drosophila COMPASS complex and genetic evidence that these members are functionally required for H3K4 methylation. Taken together, our results suggest that dSet1 is responsible for the bulk of H3K4 di- and trimethylation throughout Drosophila development, thus providing a model system for better understanding the requirements for and functions of these modifications in metazoans.
Expression of the Interleukin‐10 Signaling Pathway Genes in Individuals With Down Syndrome and Periodontitis
Authors: Cavalcante Lícia Bezerra , Tanaka Marcia Hiromi , Pires Juliana Rico , Henrique Apponi Luciano , Aparecida Giro Elisa Maria , Roberto Valentini Sandro , Palomari Spolidório Denise M. , Capela Marisa Veiga , Rossa Carlos , Scarel‐Caminaga Raquel M. 
Published: November 2011

Background: Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) have a higher prevalence and severity of periodontal disease, which cannot be explained by poor oral hygiene alone and is related to changes in the immune response. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether DS was associated with differential modulation of expression of genes associated with proinflammatory and anti‐inflammatory responses in periodontal disease.Methods: A total of 51 individuals were evaluated: 19 individuals with DS and periodontal disease (group 1), 20 euploid individuals with periodontal disease (group 2; positive control), and 12 euploid individuals without periodontal disease (group 3; negative control). Clinical periodontal evaluation and gingival biopsies were performed. Quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction was used to determine expression levels of interleukin‐10 (IL‐10), the receptors IL‐10RA and IL‐10RB, intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM‐1), interferon‐γ‐inducible protein 10 (IP‐10), and the signaling intermediates Janus kinase 1, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT‐3), and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS‐3).Results: Expression of IL10, SOCS3, IP10, and ICAM1 mRNA in DS patients was significantly lower compared to euploid individuals with periodontal disease, whereas IL‐10RB and STAT‐3 mRNA levels were higher in individuals with DS.Conclusion: Reduced expression of IL‐10 coupled with a possible increase of STAT3 activation (increase of STAT3 and reduction of SOCS3 mRNA) indicates an important modulation of the immune response, with attenuation of anti‐inflammatory and increase of proinflammatory mediators. This modulation may be related to the increased prevalence and severity of periodontitis in individuals with DS.
Investor Competition over Information and the Pricing of Information Asymmetry
Authors: Akins Brian K. , Ng Jeffrey , Verdi Rodrigo S. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT
Whether the information environment affects the cost of capital is a fundamental question in accounting and finance research. Relying on theories about competition between informed investors as well as the pricing of information asymmetry, we hypothesize a cross-sectional variation in the pricing of information asymmetry that is conditional on competition. We develop and validate empirical proxies for competition using the number and concentration of institutional investor ownership. Using these proxies, we find a lower pricing of information asymmetry when there is more competition. Overall, our results suggest that competition between informed investors has an important effect on how the information environment affects the cost of capital.
JEL Classifications: G12; G14.
Tax Avoidance, Large Positive Temporary Book-Tax Differences, and Earnings Persistence
Authors: Blaylock Bradley , Shevlin Terry , Wilson Ryan J. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT
We investigate why temporary book-tax differences appear to serve as a useful signal of earnings persistence (Hanlon 2005). We first test and show that temporary book-tax differences provide incremental information over the magnitude of accruals for the persistence of earnings and accruals. We then opine that there are multiple potential sources of large positive book-tax differences. We predict and find that firms with large positive book-tax differences likely arising from upward earnings management (tax avoidance) exhibit lower (higher) earnings and accruals persistence than do other firms with large positive book-tax differences. Finally, we find significant variation in current-period earnings and accruals response coefficients and insignificant hedge returns in period t+1, consistent with investors being able to look through to the source of large positive book-tax differences (earnings management and tax avoidance), allowing them to correctly price the persistence of accruals for these subsamples.
Data Availability: Data are available from public sources identified in the study.
Shareholder Voting on Auditor Selection, Audit Fees, and Audit Quality
Authors: Dao Mai , Raghunandan K , Rama Dasaratha V. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT
The Advisory Committee on the Auditing Profession (ACAP), formed by the U.S. Department of the Treasury, has recommended that all public companies be required to have shareholder ratification of auditor selection. Using data from 1,382 firms for the year ending December 31, 2006, we find that audit fees are higher in firms with shareholder voting on auditor ratification. We also find that firms that started having a shareholder vote pay higher fees than firms that stopped having a shareholder vote. In the second part of our study, we find that in firms with shareholder voting on auditor selection (1) subsequent restatements are less likely and (2) abnormal accruals are lower. Our findings are consistent with the experimental results in Mayhew and Pike (2004), and provide empirical grounding for the debate about mandating shareholder voting on auditor selection.
Compensation Committees' Treatment of Earnings Components in CEOs' Terminal Years
Authors: Huson Mark R. , Tian Yao , Wiedman Christine I. , Wier Heather A. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT
Compensation committees face special difficulties when setting pay in the last years of a CEO's tenure. For example, incentives to manipulate earnings for the purpose of enhancing earnings-based compensation are greater in CEOs' terminal years. We predict that compensation committees are aware of these incentives and adjust the relative weights placed on earnings components in the cash compensation function to mitigate the problem. Consistent with our prediction, we find that in CEOs' terminal years, positive changes in discretionary accruals receive significantly less weight than other income components in determining cash compensation. This provides new evidence that not all gains flow through to compensation. We also find that in non-terminal years, managers' compensation is partially shielded from the negative effects of selling, general, and administrative expenditures (SG&A), but this effect reverses in the terminal period, consistent with the compensation committee discouraging investment in legacy assets by outgoing CEOs. Overall, our findings suggest that compensation committees treat components of earnings differently when setting pay in the terminal period.
JEL Classifications: M41; J33.
A Convenient Scapegoat: Fair Value Accounting by Commercial Banks during the Financial Crisis
Authors: Badertscher Brad A. , Burks Jeffrey J. , Easton Peter D. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT
Critics argue that fair value provisions in U.S. accounting rules exacerbated the recent financial crisis by depleting banks' regulatory capital, which curtailed lending and triggered asset sales, leading to further economic turmoil. Defenders counter-argue that the fair value provisions were insufficient to lead to the pro-cyclical effects alleged by the critics. Our evidence indicates that these provisions did not affect the commercial banking industry in the ways commonly alleged by critics. First, we show that fair value accounting losses had minimal effect on regulatory capital. Then, we examine sales of securities during the crisis, finding mixed evidence that banks sold securities in response to capital-depleting charges. However, the sales that potentially resulted from the charges appear to be economically insignificant, as there was no industry- or firm-level increase in sales of securities during the crisis.
JEL Classifications: M41; M42; M44.
Data Availability: Data are available from sources identified in the article.
Assessing the Impact of Alternative Fair Value Measures on the Efficiency of Project Selection and Continuation
Authors: Caskey Judson , Hughes John S. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT
We examine how alternative accounting measures of fair value impact the ability of debt covenants to mitigate inefficient investment decisions. In our setting, shareholders make a non-contractible project choice after signing a debt contract. At a later date, the project can be abandoned and new information determines whether shareholders or creditors make that decision. The value of debt covenants depends on their ability to deter costly asset substitution while also mitigating inefficient continuation decisions. A covenant based on a conservative fair value measure tends to perform best in this respect. Departing from purely fair-value-based covenants, an even more conservative covenant based on fair values and historical cost outperforms those based solely on fair values. Notably, the “highest and best use” measure advocated by the FASB performs poorly in deterring the choice of inferior projects. Our results provide a setting in which the contracting efficiencies associated with different accounting measures cannot be replicated across measures by altering covenant “triggers.”
The Prediction of Bowing Distortion of Film after Transverse Stretching with Consideration of Heated Air Flow in a Tenter
Authors: Tokihisa M. , Kushizaki Y. , Tomiyama H. , Yamamoto Y. , Yamada T. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The bowing distortion of polypropylene (PP) film during transverse direction (TD) stretching with a tenter was newly predicted with consideration for heated air flow. The distribution of the heat transfer coefficient on film was calculated by the results of air flow analysis in the tenter in order to obtain a more realistic heat transfer condition than in previous works based on an impinging jet model and a wall jet model. Bowing distortion after stretching was calculated by applying the distribution of heat transfer coefficient obtained from air flow analysis under the assumption that the deformation of film obeys an elastic-plastic rule. Another bowing distortion was also calculated by applying an impinging jet model and a wall jet model in order to evaluate the applicability of the distribution of heat transfer coefficient obtained from air flow analysis. The authors experimentally measured the bowing distortion and the film thickness after stretching using a pilot plant. It has been shown that the calculated results based on the distribution of heat transfer coefficient obtained from air flow analysis are closer to the experimental results than previous works based on an impinging jet model and a wall jet model, particularly at faster line speed. It is revealed that the distribution of heat transfer coefficient has a strong influence on the temperature of film, and the difference of the predicted temperature causes a difference in the thickness change in film and longitudinal stress. The authors concluded that the difference in thickness change in film and longitudinal stress brought about the difference in bowing distortion.
The Influence of Injection Molding and Injection Compression Molding on Ultra-high Molecular Weight Polyethylene Polymer Microfabrication
Authors: Kuo H.-C. , Jeng M.-C. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The replication accuracy of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) was investigated by using injection molding (IM) and injection compression molding (ICM). The mold insert was fabricated by using a stainless-steel etching method. Both the injection molded part and the injection compression molded part were observed under a microscope to compare the quality and accuracy of the replication. A high performance surface profiler was used to measure the microstructure profile. For the mold insert, the injection molded parts and injection compression molded parts were measured. The experimental results show that the UHMWPE can fill in microcavities by using IM and ICM technology. The height and shape of microstructure were influenced by the IM process parameters. For an injection molded part, the injection velocity was the most significant factor. This study also revealed that the ICM method was a more stable microstructure processing method than that of the IM. However, for better replication accuracy, both the IM and ICM processes require parametric optimization.
Staged Bone Grafting Following Placement of an Antibiotic Spacer Block for the Management of Segmental Long Bone Defects
Authors: Donegan Derek J. , Scolaro John , Matuszewski Paul E. , Mehta Samir 
Published: November 2011

Segmental long bone defects resulting from injury or surgical intervention are difficult problems to manage. Amputation, external fixators, vascularized fibular grafts, acute limb shortening, and various quantities of allograft and autograft have historically been the mainstays of treatment. Recently, the use of osteoinductive substances such as recombinant bone morphogenic proteins, and osteoconductive scaffolds such as calcium phosphate have found use in the treatment of these clinical situations. More recently, Masquelet described the use of a cement spacer placed within the osseous void followed by staged bone grafting within the induced biomembrane formed around the spacer as a potential treatment strategy to manage these large defects.
This article describes a series of 11 patients for which we used this technique of staged bone grafting following placement of an antibiotic spacer to successfully manage osseous long bone defects ranging from 4 to 15 cm. The limbs were stabilized and aligned at the time of initial spacer placement with a plate and screw construct, intramedullary nail, or fine wire fixator. Osteoinductive substances including bone morphogenic protein-2 and platelet rich concentrate were used in addition to allograft to improve bony healing. In our series, osseous consolidation and full weight bearing was achieved in 10 of 11 patients. Two patients developed heterotopic ossification. There was 1 non-union and 1 infection, which occurred in the same patient. Staged bone grafting within an induced biomembrane created after the use of a cement spacer is a reasonable option in the management of both acute and delayed segmental long bone defects.
Unusual Case of Isolated Lunate Fracture Without Ligamentous Injury
Authors: Hsu Andrew R. , Hsu Patricia A. 
Published: November 2011

Fractures of the lunate are rare injuries that usually result from high-energy trauma and are typically associated with other carpal and ligamentous injuries. The incidence of lunate fractures has been cited as 0.5% to 6.5% of all carpal fractures. These fractures are not frequently reported in the literature, and no consensus exists on the treatment of these injuries in the acute and chronic setting. The mechanism typically producing this fracture is a loading force applied to a dorsiflexed, ulnarly deviated wrist such that the capitate is driven downward into the lunate.
No prior reports exist in the literature of an isolated fracture of the lunate without perilunate dislocation or ligament disruption. This article reports a case of an isolated displaced transverse shear fracture of the lunate seen 3 months after initial injury, which was successfully treated using a volar and dorsal combined approach and open reduction and internal fixation using microscrews. Bony union across the fracture site was obtained by 7-week follow-up and continued to show improved consolidation through 10-month follow-up. The patient had decreased pain, normal range of motion, and no radiographic evidence of lunate osteonecrosis on most recent follow-up despite the delayed presentation and degree of fracture displacement. This case demonstrates a previously unreported type of wrist injury.