bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydromagnetic Stability Analysis of a Film Coating Flow Down a Rotating Vertical Cylinder
Authors: Cheng P.-J. , Liu K.-C. , Lin D. T. W. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTThe influence of both the Rossby number and the Hartmann number on the hydromagnetic stability of a thin liquid film flowing down along the surface of a vertical cylinder is investigated. The long-wave perturbation method is employed to solve for generalized nonlinear kinematic equations with a free film interface. The normal mode approach is used to compute the stability solution for the film flow. The modeling results indicate that the stability of the liquid film is enhanced by increasing the strength of the magnetic field or reducing the speed at which the cylinder rotates. By contrast, the flow becomes relatively more unstable as the cylinder radius is increased at larger values of the Rossby number. Notably, this finding is the opposite of that observed for film flows along a stationary vertical cylinder.
Out of Sync: The Disconnect Between Constitutional Clauses and State Legislation on Religion
Authors: Fox Jonathan 
Published: March 2011

Abstract. This study examines the influence of constitutional clauses—which either establish religions (EOR) or separation of religion and state (SRAS)—on state religion policy as measured by the Religion and State (RAS) dataset's religious legislation variable for 166 states. The results show that, even when controlling for structural factors which have been shown to influence the level of religious legislation, constitutional clauses have a significant impact. However, this influence is small compared to structural factors and is limited to the presence or absence of EOR and SRAS clauses. The specific wording of these clauses has minimal, if any, impact on legislation. This study also finds that religious legislation is ubiquitous even in states with SRAS clauses in their constitutions.Résumé. Cette étude examine l'influence exercée par les clauses constitutionnelles – qui régissent l'établissement d'une religion officielle (EOR) ou la séparation de l'Église et de l'État (SRAS) – sur la politique religieuse des États, telle que mesurée par les données de la législation religieuse de 166 États, celles-ci étant répertoriées dans la base de données RAS (l'Église et l'État). Les résultats montrent que même lorsqu'on étudie les facteurs structurels qui ont une incidence reconnue sur le niveau de législation religieuse, les clauses constitutionnelles ont un impact notable. Leur influence s'avère toutefois faible en comparaison de celle des facteurs structurels et elle se limite à la présence ou à l'absence de clauses EOR et SRAS. La formulation précise de ces clauses influe peu ou pas du tout sur la législation. L'étude conclut également que la législation religieuse est omniprésente, même dans les États dont la constitution comporte des clauses de séparation de l'Église et de l'État.
The Limits of Deliberative Democracy and Empowerment: Elite Motivation in Three Canadian Cases
Authors: Johnson Genevieve Fuji 
Published: March 2011

Abstract.In recent years, elites in the Canadian Nuclear Waste Management Organization (NWMO), Nova Scotia Power Incorporated (NSP) and Toronto Community Housing Corporation (TCHC) held consultations based on principles of deliberative democracy with members of their affected publics. I explore five factors that may help us understand why some elites are inclined to empower members of their affected publics. These factors can be understood as characteristics of each policy context and include normative principle, public pressure, policy requirement, strategic management interest, and economic interest. Based on a comparative case study of a series of semi-structured interviews with a range of actors, written public submissions, and official reports, I identify these as pertinent factors and argue that the convergence of the economic interests of the organization and the deliberative empowerment of its affected public is critical. This examination serves constructively in helping us better understand a persistent gap between the theoretical aims and practical instantiations of deliberative democracy.Résumé.Au cours des dernières années, les élites dirigeantes de la Société canadienne de gestion des déchets nucléaires, de la Nova Scotia Power Inc. et de la Société de logement communautaire de Toronto ont tenu des séances de consultation fondées sur les principes de la démocratie délibérative avec les membres concernés par leurs politiques. J'examine cinq facteurs qui peuvent nous aider à mieux comprendre pourquoi certains décideurs sont enclins à reconnaître un droit de regard aux membres touchés par leurs politiques. Ces facteurs peuvent être analysés en tant que caractéristiques des contextes particuliers de chaque politique concernée et incluent les dimensions liées aux principes normatifs, aux pressions publiques, au contenu des politiques, à la gestion stratégique des intérêts et aux enjeux économiques. À l'aide d'une étude comparative de cas comprenant des entretiens semi-dirigés avec divers acteurs, des soumissions publiques écrites et des rapports officiels, je présente ces dimensions à titre de facteurs pertinents et soutiens que la convergence des intérêts économiques des organisations et le pouvoir de délibération accordé au public concerné revêtent une importance cruciale. Cet examen se révèle constructif et nous aide à mieux comprendre le fossé persistant entre les finalités théoriques et la mise en pratique de la démocratie délibérative.
Ears Wide Shut: Epistemological Populism, Argutainment and Canadian Conservative Talk Radio
Authors: Saurette Paul , Gunster Shane 
Published: March 2011

Abstract.Although scholars have identified political talk radio (PTR) as an important site of political socialization, the current literature has largely failed to examine the political relevance of PTR's rhetorical strategies and has virtually ignored Canadian PTR altogether. This article addresses these gaps by analyzingAdler On Line, Canada's only nationally syndicated commercial PTR program, to show thathowCanadian PTR talks, particularly its use of populist rhetoric, plays a central role in establishing what type of political deliberation and debate is possible within it. Divided into two main sections, the article first explores howAdler On Linerenders a particular epistemological framework authoritative. The second section then analyzes the rules and norms of political expression and debate encouraged by the show's style of argutainment debate. The article concludes with a more speculative evaluation of the practical consequences as well as the theoretical and normative implications of these discursive practices.Résumé.Bien que les auteurs de recherches reconnaissent que la radio interactive politique (RIP) représente un lieu important de socialisation politique, la littérature courante dans ce domaine omet, en grande partie, d'analyser la signification politique des stratégies rhétoriques de la RIP, tout en laissant entièrement dans l'ombre les activités de RIP canadiennes. Visant à combler ces lacunes, le présent article offre, dans un premier temps, une analyse de l'émissionAdler On Line, qui est la seule émission de RIP commerciale souscrite nationalement au Canada, puis démontre quele mode d'expressiontypique adopté dans cette émission, et surtout son usage de la rhétorique populiste, ont une incidence déterminante sur le genre de délibération et de débat politiques que permet la radio parlée au Canada. L'article se divise en deux grandes parties. La première explore le cadre épistémologique particulier de l'émissionAdler On Lineetla manièredont ce cadre se voit empreint d'autorité. La seconde partie analyse les règles ou normes de débat et d'expression des opinions politiques qu'encourage le style divertissant de cette émission-débat. Pour conclure, les auteurs évaluent de façon plus spéculative les conséquences pratiques de ces formes d'expression discursive, tout comme leur incidence théorique et normative.
See No Evil: Heterogeneity in Public Perceptions of Corruption
Authors: Tverdova Yuliya V. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract.This paper investigates how people form perceptions about corruption. By combining survey data with system-level indicators in 30 countries, the author first explores the relationship between elite and mass evaluations of corruption. Furthermore, the author tests a series of hypotheses pertaining to how individual-level factors, such as political allegiances, personal economic conditions and education may influence people's perceptions. The findings reveal that mass assessments of corruption track closely those of the elites. In addition, more economically fortunate individuals and those who supported the government in the previous election tend to be less critical of corruption. The effect of education is contingent on a country's level of corruption. Specifically, more educated citizens in “cleaner” countries do not see as much corruption as their less educated counterparts. However, this difference is substantively modest.Résumé.Cet article étudie la façon dont le public établit sa perception de la corruption. En utilisant conjointement les informations données par les enquêtes d'opinion et par les indicateurs de pointage de 30 pays, l'auteur va d'abord explorer les évaluations de la corruption des élites et celles de la masse populaire. De plus, l'auteur va tester une série d'hypothèses concernant la façon dont la perception du public est influencée par des facteurs personnels, l'appartenance politique par exemple, ou par la situation économique personnelle ou l'éducation. Les résultats révèlent que les jugements de la masse sur la corruption suivent de près ceux des élites. De plus, les individus plus fortunés ou ceux qui ont voté pour le gouvernement aux dernières élections ont tendance à se montrer moins critiques au sujet de la corruption. L'effet de l'éducation est aléatoire quant au niveau de corruption d' un pays. En particulier, dans les pays considérés comme les plus « propres », les citoyens plus éduqués constatent moins la corruption que ceux qui sont moins éduqués. La différence cependant est extrêmement modeste.
On Hölder continuity-in-time of the optimal transport map towards measures along a curve
Authors: Gigli Nicola 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe discuss the problem of the regularity-in-time of the map t ↦ Tt ∊ Lp(ℝd, ℝd; σ), where Tt is a transport map (optimal or not) from a reference measure σ to a measure μt which lies along an absolutely continuous curve t ↦ μt in the space ($(\mathscr{P}_p(\mathbb{R}^d),W_p)$)). We prove that in most cases such a map is no more than 1/p-Hölder continuous.
Groups with few conjugacy classes
Authors: Héthelyi László , Horváth Erzsébet , Keller Thomas Michael , Maróti Attila 
Published: March 2011

AbstractLet G be a finite group, let p be a prime divisor of the order of G and let k(G) be the number of conjugacy classes of G. By disregarding at most finitely many non-solvable p-solvable groups G, we have $k(G)\geq2\smash{\sqrt{p-1}}$ with equality if and only if if $\smash{\sqrt{p-1}}$ is an integer, $G=C_{p}\rtimes\smash{C_{\sqrt{p-1}}}$ and CG(Cp) = Cp. This extends earlier work of Héthelyi, Külshammer, Malle and Keller.
Effective population size of current human population
Authors: PARK LEEYOUNG 
Published: March 2011

SummaryIn order to estimate the effective population size (Ne) of the current human population, two new approaches, which were derived from previous methods, were used in this study. One is based on the deviation from linkage equilibrium (LE) between completely unlinked loci in different chromosomes and another is based on the deviation from the Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE). When random mating in a population is assumed, genetic drifts in population naturally induce linkage disequilibrium (LD) between chromosomes and the deviation from HWE. The latter provides information on theNeof the current population, and the former provides the same when theNeis constant. IfNefluctuates, recentNechanges are reflected in the estimates based on LE, and the comparison between two estimates can provide information regarding recent changes ofNe. Using HapMap Phase III data, the estimates were varied from 622 to 10 437, depending on populations and estimates. TheNeappeared to fluctuate as it provided different estimates for each of the two methods. TheseNeestimates were found to agree approximately with the overall increment observed in recent human populations.
Divine attitudes, divine commands, and the modal status of moral truths
Authors: JORDAN MATTHEW CAREY 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis essay presents a theistic account of deontic properties that can lay claim to many of the advantages of divine command theory but which avoids its flaws. The account, divine attitude theory, asserts that moral properties should be understood in terms of divine attitudes, such that an action is morally wrong just in case God would be displeased with the performance of that action. Among the virtues of this account is its ability to explain the modal status of fundamental moral truths, something that divine command theory cannot do.
Gender difference of insecure attachment: Universal or culture-specific?
Authors: Li Nanxin , He Jibo , Li Tonggui 
Published: March 2011

AbstractOur research in China does not show gender differences in insecure attachment patterns. We believe that cultural differences between Chinese and Western societies may help to explain this phenomenon. Mating and parenting circumstances in China do not allow males to adopt a zero-investment strategy. In addition, attachment styles are transmitted across generations and last for the whole lifespan. Here, we argue that the influence of mating and parenting on the well-developed attachment patterns in childhood is relatively small.
Optimising echocardiographic screening for rheumatic heart disease in New Zealand: not all valve disease is rheumatic
Authors: Webb Rachel H. , Wilson Nigel J. , Lennon Diana R. , Wilson Elizabeth M. , Nicholson Ross W. , Gentles Tom L. , O'Donnell Clare P. , Stirling John W. , Zeng Irene , Trenholme Adrian A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAimsEchocardiography detects a greater prevalence of rheumatic heart disease than heart auscultation. Echocardiographic screening for rheumatic heart disease combined with secondary prophylaxis may potentially prevent severe rheumatic heart disease in high-risk populations. We aimed to determine the prevalence of rheumatic heart disease in children from an urban New Zealand population at high risk for acute rheumatic fever.Methods and resultsTo optimise accurate diagnosis of rheumatic heart disease, we utilised a two-step model. Portable echocardiography was conducted on 1142 predominantly Māori and Pacific children aged 10–13 years. Children with an abnormal screening echocardiogram underwent clinical assessment by a paediatric cardiologist together with hospital-based echocardiography. Rheumatic heart disease was then classified asdefinite, probable, orpossible. Portable echocardiography identified changes suggestive of rheumatic heart disease in 95 (8.3%) of 1142 children, which reduced to 59 (5.2%) after cardiology assessment. The prevalence ofdefiniteandprobablerheumatic heart disease was 26.0 of 1000, with 95% confidence intervals ranging from 12.6 to 39.4. Portable echocardiography overdiagnosed rheumatic heart disease with physiological valve regurgitation diagnosed in 28 children. A total of 30 children (2.6%) had non-rheumatic cardiac abnormalities, 11 of whom had minor congenital mitral valve anomalies.ConclusionsWe found high rates of undetected rheumatic heart disease in this high-risk population. Rheumatic heart disease screening has resource implications with cardiology evaluation required for accurate diagnosis. Echocardiographic screening for rheumatic heart disease may overdiagnose rheumatic heart disease unless congenital mitral valve anomalies and physiological regurgitation are excluded.
The global availability of n-3 fatty acids
Authors: Petrova Stefka , Dimitrov Plamen , Willett Walter C , Campos Hannia 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the validity of FAO data on the availability of fish and vegetable oils as an indicator of national n-3 fatty acid (FA) intake and to estimate the worldwide population living in countries with low n-3 FA intake.DesignLevels of the essential FA α-linolenic acid (ALA) and DHA, measured by GC in adipose tissue from participants in the present study and from published studies in eleven other countries, were used to validate ALA and fish availability estimated from FAO food balance sheets. On the basis of the validated FAO data for ALA and fish availability, we estimated the global prevalence of low n-3 FA availability.SettingRural and urban areas of Bulgaria.SubjectsFifty men and fifty-eight women.ResultsAdipose tissue ALA and DHA levels (0·34 % and 0·11 % of total FA, respectively) in Bulgaria were lower than those of the eleven other countries with available data. A strong positive correlation was found between adipose tissue DHA and fish availability (r = 0·88) and between adipose tissue ALA and ALA availability (r = 0·92). Approximately half of the world's population lived in middle- and low-income countries with limited access to n-3 FA (fish < 400 g/week and ALA < 4 % of total vegetable oils), with the largest proportion being in South-East Asia (53·6 %), followed by Africa (27·1 %) and Eastern Europe (8·5 %). Of this half, 33 % lived in countries such as Bulgaria where n-3 FA was almost unavailable (fish < 200 g/week and ALA < 2 % of total vegetable oils).ConclusionsVery low availability of n-3 FA is extensive worldwide.
Associations between the perceived presence of vending machines and food and beverage logos in schools and adolescents’ diet and weight status
Authors: Minaker Leia M , Storey Kate E , Raine Kim D , Spence John C , Forbes Laura E , Plotnikoff Ronald C , McCargar Linda J 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjectiveThe increasing prevalence of obesity among youth has elicited calls for schools to become more active in promoting healthy weight. The present study examined associations between various aspects of school food environments (specifically the availability of snack- and beverage-vending machines and the presence of snack and beverage logos) and students’ weight status, as well as potential influences of indices of diet and food behaviours.DesignA cross-sectional, self-administered web-based survey. A series of multinomial logistic regressions with generalized estimating equations (GEE) were constructed to examine associations between school environment variables (i.e. the reported presence of beverage- and snack-vending machines and logos) and self-reported weight- and diet-related behaviours.SettingSecondary schools in Alberta, Canada.SubjectsA total of 4936 students from grades 7 to 10.ResultsThe presence of beverage-vending machines in schools was associated with the weight status of students. The presence of snack-vending machines and logos was associated with students’ frequency of consuming vended goods. The presence of snack-vending machines and logos was associated with the frequency of salty snack consumption.ConclusionsThe reported presence of snack- and beverage-vending machines and logos in schools is related to some indices of weight status, diet and meal behaviours but not to others. The present study supported the general hypothesis that the presence of vending machines in schools may affect students’ weight through increased consumption of vended goods, but notes that the frequency of ‘junk’ food consumption does not seem to be related to the presence of vending machines, perhaps reflecting the ubiquity of these foods in the daily lives of students.
Video instructions improve accuracy of self-measures of waist circumference compared with written instructions
Authors: McEneaney Dara F , Lennie Susan C 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether video-based instructions improve the accuracy of self-measures of waist and hip circumference compared with written instructions.DesignPopulation-based, cross-sectional study. Self-measurements of waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference (HC) of fifty-seven participants randomly allocated to receive either written instruction or video instruction were compared with those of a trained technician.SettingAberdeen, Scotland, and Brussels, Belgium, between February and April 2010.SubjectsAdults aged 18–62 years with a high level of English language and no prior training in anthropometry.ResultsWC was significantly overestimated by the written method (1·75 cm bias; P = 0·007) but not the video method (0·95 cm bias; P = 0·239). HC was significantly underestimated in both written (−0·35 cm bias; P = 0·009) and video methods (−0·75 cm bias; P = 0·046). Reliability was not significantly affected by age, sex, BMI or WC. Bland–Altman plots demonstrated wide limits of agreement for WC (−6·83, 6·08 cm for written method; −10·14, 6·72 cm for video method) and HC (−12·85, 1·60 cm for written method; −10·82, 2·50 cm for video method).ConclusionsVideo technology can support more accurate self-measurements of anthropometric data in epidemiological studies. Further research is warranted using larger and more heterogeneous samples in order that results can be generalised.
Relative validity of an FFQ for assessing dietary fluoride intakes of infants and young children living in Iowa
Authors: Rankin Scott J , Levy Steven M , Warren John J , Gilmore Julie E , Broffitt Barbara 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the relative validity of a quantitative FFQ in assessing dietary fluoride intakes using 3 d food and beverage diaries for reference.DesignParents were asked to complete questionnaires for the preceding week and diaries for 3 d for their children. Fluoride intakes were estimated from ‘selected’ foods and beverages for questionnaires and from ‘all foods and beverages’ for diaries. Data collected at 6, 9, 12, 16, 20, 24, 36, 48 and 60 months were analysed cross-sectionally.SettingA 3 d food and beverage diary and an FFQ collected through mail from children living in the state of Iowa.SubjectsChildren from the Iowa Fluoride Study whose parents completed both an FFQ and a 3 d food and beverage diary at each analysed time point.ResultsCorrelations between daily mean dietary fluoride intake estimated from questionnaires and diaries range from 0·90 to 0·65.ConclusionsA quantitative FFQ can provide relative estimates of dietary fluoride intake.
A PRECONDITIONED METHOD FOR THE SOLUTION OF THE ROBBINS PROBLEM FOR THE HELMHOLTZ EQUATION
Authors: LE JIANG , JIN HUANG , LV XIAO-GUANG , CHENG QING-SONG 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA preconditioned iterative method for the two-dimensional Helmholtz equation with Robbins boundary conditions is discussed. Using a finite-difference method to discretize the Helmholtz equation leads to a sparse system of equations which is too large to solve directly. The approach taken in this paper is to precondition this linear system with a sine transform based preconditioner and then solve it using the generalized minimum residual method (GMRES). An analytical formula for the eigenvalues of the preconditioned matrix is derived and it is shown that the eigenvalues are clustered around 1 except for some outliers. Numerical results are reported to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.