bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Relationship between Critical Shoulder Angle and Acromial Index Measurements with Rotator Cuff Rupture on Three-dimensional Models
Authors: Ince Merve Sevgi , Gözil Rabet , Kanatli Ulunay , Bahçelioglu Meltem 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective:
The relationship between rotator cuff tears (RCTs) and morphological features of the shoulder joint has yet to be fully explained. The earlier studies were usually done with two-dimensional radiography images, but joint positions and bone formations could not be thoroughly evaluated in two-dimensional images. This study aims to assess the relationship between RCTs and critical shoulder angle (CSA) and acromial index (AI) values in three dimensions.

Methods:
In our study, computerized tomography of 24 RCTs (RCT group) and 20 Bankart lesions, and no RCTs (control group) were examined. CSA and AI were measured on three-dimensional (3D) glenohumeral joint models obtained by 3D reconstructions of computed tomography examinations.

Results:
The RCT group’s CSA was significantly higher than the control group (P = 0.002). AI values did not differ significantly (P = 0.151) between the groups. In addition, there was a moderate positive correlation between the AI and CSA values and the age of patients with RCTs (r = 0.309, r = 0.367).

Conclusion:
This study differs from earlier studies in some significant respects, such as AI values were not found to be associated with RCTs. CSA values were associated with RCTs in parallel with earlier studies. This difference may be because we performed our study on 3D models. We anticipate that our results will guide clinicians in revealing the etiology of rotator cuff degeneration and determining the surgical method for treatment.
Technical Xylene Induces Maternal Toxicity Associated with Organ Inflammation during Preimplantation Stage in Pregnant Sprague-Dawley Rats
Authors: Suaidi Noor Asyikin , Alshawsh Mohammed Abdullah , Hoe See-Ziau , Mokhtar Mohd Helmy , Zin Siti Rosmani Md. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Toxicity data that focus on the exposure within the range of allowable human limits of technical xylene (dimethylbenzene) on the female reproductive system and prenatal development are rarely updated. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the outcomes of maternal exposure to technical xylene during the preimplantation period in pregnant rats.

Materials and Methods:
Timed-pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 36) were exposed to 0 (0 mg/kg), 100 (0.172 mg/kg), 500 (0.86 mg/kg), and 1000 (1.72 mg/kg) parts per million (ppm) of technical xylene via intraperitoneal injection from gestational day (GD) 1 to GD3. Clinical signs, maternal weight gain, and food intake were monitored daily. On GD5, the females were sacrificed to assess the early implantations and other reproductive parameters.

Results:
Technical xylene caused significant decreases in the number of implantation sites, maternal body weight gain, and food intake at a concentration of 1000 ppm. Significant increases in the serum total protein and potassium were also observed. Although there was no difference in the relative organ weights, increases in the uterus and liver weights were observed. Histological examination revealed systemic inflammatory changes in the uterus, liver, lungs, and kidney from all treated groups.

Discussion and Conclusion:
This study suggested that technical xylene causes maternal and prenatal toxicities associated with organ inflammation when exposed at the early gestational phase. Further studies of xylene toxicity at different stages of pregnancy are required to improve safety guidelines for technical xylene exposure.
Gender Determination of Scapula by Computed Tomography Scan Measurement
Authors: Hamzehtofigh Mahdi , Mokhtari Razieh , Seif Fatemeh , Bayat Parvindokht 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Gender is the most vital segment of the biological characteristics which can be evaluated from the skeleton because of the marked sexual dimorphism of bone segments. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of gender on the scapula measure for healthy sedentary subjects. The parameters used in the present study were different from the previous research. Hence, the current work was designed to measure gender differences of the scapula in the Iranian population. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of gender on the scapula measure for healthy sedentary subjects. The design of this research has been done with the coordination and activity of all authors to examine the effect of gender in scapula characters.

Material and Methods:
This study was performed on scapula computed tomography in 68 patients. These characters in this bone: acromion glenoid distance, length of the acromion, width of acromion, acromion coracoid distance, length of scapula, width of scapula, length of coracoid (LC), length of glenoid (LG), and width of glenoid. With the help of the SPSS software, the logistical regression equation was derived from the stepwise method. By multiplying the value of each dimension with its corresponding coefficient (β coefficient) and adding the products together along with the appropriate constant, the sex of a specimen can be determined. For the regression equation incorporating all for scapular dimensions, the logistic regression score (Y) is calculated as follows: Y = (−0.003× Width of scapula (WS)) + (0.006 × LC) + (−0.14 × height of glenoid [HG]) + 2.098.

Results:
This study shows the scapular bone characteristic comparison between the two sexes, which statistically significant difference in the width of the bone scapula (P = 0.02) and the coracoid length (P = 0.04) and LG (P = 0.01). In males, significant positive correlation was found between Height of scapula (HS), and height of glenoid (HG) (0.884 ) and in females, significant positive correlation was maximum the relationship between the HS and LC (0.904**).

Discussion and Conclusion:
Due to the small number of our samples, it would be better to study more widely so that other differences such as the length of the scapula and the glenoid width can be achieved, and more confidently, that these two attributes do not play a role in determining the sex.
Identification of Middle Mesial Canal in Mandibular Molars Using Five Different Techniques: An In vitro Study
Authors: Vamseekrishna Kanduri Venkata Naga , Kukreja Navneet , Sachdeva Mayank , Ravi Sindhura , Chhabra Swati , Sachdeva Surinder 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:
The purpose of the study was to find out the incidence of the middle mesial canal in mandibular molars by using five different techniques.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 150 extracted human mandibular first molars were selected, and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were taken. Then, conventional access cavities were made, followed by troughing under dental loupes (3X), and were also examined under a dental operating microscope (DOM) (6X). Incidence of intermediate canals was noted from all these stages. Later, these teeth underwent a clearing method procedure, and incidence was noted from this stage and compared.

Results:
The overall diagnostic accuracy of CBCT (9 mm) had 97.48%, and evaluation under DOM had an overall accuracy of 97.33%. The least accuracy was found with the naked eye (92.67%).

Conclusion:
This study advocates the usage of newer methods like CBCT and DOM to find out and negotiate these accessory canals.
High-risk and Oligometastatic Prostate Cancer: Current Treatment Paradigms
Authors: Mandal Sumit , Singh Uday Pratap 
Published: May 2024

Summary
Over the past decade or so with the treatment of high risk and oligometastatic disease has undergone a paradigm shift. Improvements in surgical techniques especially the robot assisted surgeries and better radiation techniques have ensured a good quality of life with maintained oncological outcomes. Further to it development and better understanding the disease biology have ensured good outcomes even in high grade cancers. This comprehensive overview delves into the management of high-risk prostate cancer and oligometastatic prostate cancer, addressing their definitions, diagnostic workup, and treatment modalities. Essentially managing high-risk and oligometastatic prostate cancer requires a multidisciplinary approach, integrating surgery, radiation, and systemic therapies.
Burden of Prostate Cancer, Prostate-specific Antigen Myths, and Optimal Prostate-specific Antigen Screening
Authors: Ramani Srivathsan , Yuvaraja T. B. 
Published: May 2024

Summary
Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death, especially in the Western world. Hence, efforts to screen detect it using serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) came into vogue. The aim was to reduce the cancer-related mortality and morbidity by early detection. However, the practice did not improve the survival and led to more treatment-related morbidity for the patients. This chapter focuses on the disease burden and the myths related to prostate cancer screening using serum PSA.
Nrf2 Activation by Morinda citrifolia L. (Noni) Fruit Juices
Authors: Manavalan Arulmani , Qader Mallique , Wu Xiaohua , Cao Shugeng 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
The objective of the study was to identify Nrf2 activators from differently treated Morinda citrifolia L. fruit juices and their cytotoxicity.

Materials and Methods:
Noni fruit juices were prepared by different treatments: unripe (T1), ripe (T2), purchased (T3), and Noni juices fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum (T4). These extracts were tested for Nrf2 activation and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) inhibition activities. These active extracts were further studied for their nuclear Nrf2 translocation and induction of HO-1 protein expression. Finally, the active extracts were purified using open column chromatography and RP-high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques through bioassay-guided separation. Moreover, all Noni juice samples were tested for cytotoxicity using mammalian cell-based methylthiazoltetrazolium (MTT) assay.

Results:
Only purchased (T3) and ripe Noni fruit juices fermented with LP at 22°C (T4–22) showed strongest Nrf2 activation and NF-κB inhibitory activity. Further, these two extracts enhanced the nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 after 2 h and also promoted Nrf2 and HO-1 nuclear translocation. Induction of HO-1 gene expression of Hep G2/ARE cells treated with T3 confirmed that it is a potent inducer of the Nrf2 target gene HO-1. Bioassay-guided separation resulted in subfractions with high Nrf2 activity. The strongest Nrf2 active subfraction led to the identification of scopoletin as an Nrf2 activator. Moreover, none of the tested samples showed any cytotoxicity for the MTT assay.

Conclusions:
The presence of potential Nrf2 activators in the Noni fruit juices that were nontoxic in our MTT assay could mitigate the production of harmful reactive species in the biological systems, and thereby, could helpful in alleviating and prevention of chronic diseases.
Spectrum-Toxicity Correlation Study Revealed the Influence of the Nine-Time Steaming and Sun Drying Method on Hepatotoxic Components of Polygoni Multiflori Radix
Authors: Shi Zhuo , Li Xiao-Fei , Liu Ya-Lei , Li Peng-Yan , Niu Ming , Bai Zhao-Fang , Zhang Guang-Qin , Lu Yang , Wang Jia-Bo 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
Polygoni Multiflori Radix (PM) is a traditional herbal medicine with repeated reports of liver injury events in recent years. We wondered whether the classical processing method, namely, nine-time steaming and sun drying (NSSD), had toxicity-attenuating effects on PM and the relationships between toxicity and times of processing, as well as with the alteration trends of its compounds.

Materials and Methods:
The chemical fingerprints of different PM extracts were developed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography. The spectrum-toxicity correlation between the chemical fingerprints and hepatocellular toxicity was analyzed with multiple correlation analysis.

Results:
The results suggested that the hepatotoxicity of NSSD processing products markedly decreased with the repeated steaming and sun drying, which was obviously superior to the product processed by the modern method. Comprehensive analysis revealed that the contents of cis-stilbene glycoside and emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside related to liver injury susceptibility were reduced with the times of NSSD processing, which was consistent with the decreased trend of hepatocellular toxicity. After the five times of NSSD, the contents of them as well as the hepatotoxicity of PM were steady. Moreover, we found that the contents of catechin and physcion declined rapidly after the one time of NSSD and then remained stable until the nine times of NSSD. Based on the fact, they could be utilized to indicate whether PM products were processed by steaming and sun drying.

Conclusions:
This paper confirmed that the NSSD had a good influence on the toxicity attenuating to PM and found four compounds which could apply for the quality control of PM.
An Exploration in the Potential Substance Basis and Mechanism of Chuanxiong Rhizoma and Angelicae Dahuricae Radix on Analgesia Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking
Authors: Zhao Ting-Ting , Lan Rui-Rui , Liang Shang-Dong , Schmalzing Günther , Gao Hong-Wei , Verkhratsky Alexei , He Chuan-Hua , Nie Hong 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
The objective was to study the potential substance basis and action mechanism of Chuanxiong Rhizoma (CX) and Angelicae Dahuricae Radix (AD) on analgesia through network pharmacology and molecular docking.

Materials and Methods:
The active components and targets of CX and AD and pain-related genes were retrieved through Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) and GeneCards database. Then, the co-action targets were found, protein–protein interaction network was constructed by the String database. The Cytoscape 3.7.1 was used to construct “CX-AD-active components-pain” network. Further enrichment analysis of Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) was carried out to predict its mechanism of action, the top four active components in the network were docked with the targets.

Results:
There are 26 compounds, 45 targets in the network. Among them, (Z)-ligustilide and beta-sitosterol, respectively, have more potential targets in CX and AD, and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS2), PTGS1 have more ligands. GO analysis shows that molecular functions of CX and AD mainly performed through the G protein-coupled amine receptor activity, adrenergic receptor activity, and catecholamine binding. KEGG analysis indicates that they could exert analgesic effect on the pathways of regulating neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, serotonergic synapse, and cGMP-PKG signaling pathway. Molecular docking results show that the active compounds are highly compatible with the structure of the protein receptor, and they interact through the hydrogen bond and π–π bond between the ligand and the active site residues.

Conclusions:
Through network pharmacology and molecular docking, this study preliminarily revealed the main active components, targets, and potential regulation network of CX and AD, providing a reference for the subsequent experimental research.
Garcinone E Blocks Autophagy Through Lysosomal Functional Destruction in Ovarian Cancer Cells
Authors: Xu Xiao-Huang , Chen Yu-Chi , Xu Yu-Lian , Feng Zhe-Ling , Liu Qian-Yu , Guo Xia , Lin Li-Gen , Lu Jin-Jian 
Published: May 2024

Background:
High proliferative rate of cancer cells requires autophagy to maintain nutrient supply and intracellular homeostasis. As a result, impairing autophagic flux could be a novel strategy of cancer therapy.

Aims and Objectives:
In this study, the mechanism of a xanthone derivative isolated from Garcinia mangostana, garcinone E (GE), was investigated.

Materials and Methods:
Fluorescence assay was used to observe the accumulation and location of autophagosome and lysosome. Flow cytometry with Lyso-tracker red, MDC, and AO staining were applied to evaluate the lysosome accumulation and cellular acidity. Western blot and RT-qPCR were performed to evaluate the protein and mRNA levels, respectively.

Results:
GE could cause enhancement of LC3II and p62 and the accumulation of autophagosome and lysosome. Meanwhile, it limited the protein level of Rab7, increased lysosomal pH, and inhibited the maturation of lysosomal hydrolases such as Cathepsin L, therefore blockaded the fusion of autophagosome and lysosome. Moreover, GE acted as a TFEB modulator by downregulating its protein level, which might contribute to autophagy dysfunction in ovarian cancer cells.

Conclusions:
GE interfered autophagosome–lysosome fusion in cancer cells, which demonstrated its application as an autophagy regulator and a potential therapeutic agent.
Clinical Application of Artificial Intelligence in the Ultrasound Classification of Hepatic Cystic Echinococcosis
Authors: Shang Feng , Song Tao , Wang Zhengye , Wu Miao , Yan Chuanbo , Wang Xiaorong 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT.
Hepatic cystic echinococcosis (HCE) is a zoonotic disease that occurs when the larvae of Echinococcus granulosus parasitize the livers of humans and mammals. HCE has five subtypes, and accurate subtype classification is critical for choosing a treatment strategy. To evaluate the clinical utility of artificial intelligence (AI) based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in the classification of HCE subtypes via ultrasound imaging, we collected ultrasound images from 4,012 HCE patients at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University between 2008 and 2020. Specifically, 1,820 HCE images from 967 patients were used as the training and validation sets for the construction of the AI model, and the remaining 6,808 images from 3,045 patients were used as the test set to evaluate the performance of the AI models. The 6,808 images were randomly divided into six groups, and each group contained equal proportions of the five subtypes. The data of each group were analyzed by a resident physician. The accuracy of HCE subtype classification by the AI model and by manual inspection was compared. The AI HCE classification model showed good performance in the diagnosis of subtypes CE1, CE2, CE4, and CE5. The overall accuracy of the AI classification (90.4%) was significantly greater than that of manual classification by physicians (86.1%; P <0.05). The CNN can better identify the five subtypes of HCE on ultrasound images and should help doctors with little experience in more accurately diagnosing HCE.
Impact of Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine and Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine as Intermittent Preventive Treatment in Pregnancy on Stool Antimicrobial Resistance Gene Abundance
Authors: Opoku Kofi B. , Tompkins Kathleen , Waltmann Andreea , Ciccone Emily J. , Bartlelt Luther , Andermann Tessa , Chinkhumba Jobiba , Mathanga Don P. , Gutman Julie R. , Juliano Jonathan J. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT.
Increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health emergency. Although chemoprevention has improved malaria-related pregnancy outcomes, the downstream effects on AMR have not been characterized. We compared the abundance of 10 AMR genes in stool samples from pregnant women receiving sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) as intermittent preventive treatment against malaria in pregnancy (IPTp) to that in samples from women receiving dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) for IPTp. All participants had at least one AMR gene at baseline. Mean quantities of the antifolate gene dfrA17 were increased after two or more doses of SP (mean difference = 1.6, 95% CI: 0.4–2.7, P = 0.008). Antimicrobial resistance gene abundance tended to increase from baseline in SP recipients compared with a downward trend in the DP group. Overall, IPTp-SP had minimal effects on the abundance of antifolate resistance genes (except for dfrA17), potentially owing to a high starting prevalence. However, the trend toward increasing AMR in SP recipients warrants further studies.
NOVEL SAMPAH DI LAUT, MEIRA KARYA MAWAN BELGIA (PERSPEKTIF EKOKRITISISME)
Authors: Marzuqi Iib , Darmawan Taufiq , Sulistiyorini Dwi 
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan representasi alam, representasi perilaku manusia terhadap lingkungannya, serta interaksi tokoh utama terhadap lingkungannya dalam novel SampahOdiOLaut, Meira karya Mawan Belgia. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitattif dengan data yang berupa representasi alam, bentuk prilaku manusia, serta lingkungannya. Adapun untuk mengumpulkan data penelitian, peneliti menggunakan teknik simak dan catat dengan instrument lembar korpus data. Data tersebut kemudian dianalisis menggunakan analsisis data kualitatif kualitatif Miles dan Huberman dengan tahapan reduksi data, penyajian data, serta penyimpulan dan verifikasi. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa (1) representasi alam dalam novel tersebut berupa laut, sungai, dan pantai, (2) representasi perilaku manusia terhadap lingkungannya membuang sampah sembarangan dan membakar sampah, dan (3) interaksi tokoh utama yaitu Cola/ botol plastik terhadap lingkungannya daun kering yang sengaja mengumpat Cola, persahabatan Cola dengan Aladin, dan rasa sakit Cola ketika dirundung anak-anak angin. Berdasarkan hasil analisis tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat kritikan pemeliharaan alam laut terhadap pembaca berupa representasi alam dan prilaku manusia yang melakukan perusakan laut serta disertai dengan akibat yang ditimbulkan perusakan tersebut melalui tokoh utama yang benama Cola atau botol plastik.Abstract The following research aims to describe the representation of nature, the representation of the form of human behavior, and the representation of the main character's interaction in a novel entitled Garbage in The Sea, Meira by Mawan Belgia. ThePresearchPmethodPused isOdescriptive-qualitative by data the representation of nature, the representation of the form of human behavior, and the representation of the main character's interaction. TheOdataOcollectionOtechniques of thisOstudyOincludeOreading techniques, note-takingOtechniques the instrument of corpus of data. TheOdataOanalysisOtechnique Miles dan Huberman beginsOwith dataOreduction, data presentation, andOendsOwith conclusions and verification. Based on the results of this analysis, it can be concluded that there is criticism of the preservation of marine nature towards readers in the form of representations of nature and human behavior that destroy the sea and are accompanied by the consequences of this destruction through the main character named Cola or plastic bottles.