bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beliefs about the harms of long‐term use of nicotine replacement therapy: perceptions of smokers inEngland
Authors: Black Andrew , Beard Emma , Brown Jamie , Fidler Jenny , West Robert 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAimsPrevious research has shown that a substantial proportion of smokers believe that nicotine causes serious diseases such as cancer, possibly deterring the use of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) for smoking cessation or smoking reduction. This study examined beliefs about the harms specifically from long‐term use ofNRTand associations between these and its use for smoking cessation and smoking reduction.Design and settingData were collected from 1657 smokers and recent ex‐smokers involved in theSmokingToolkitStudy, a series of monthly household surveys ofEnglish adults aged 16 and over.MeasurementsParticipants were asked if they thought the use ofNRTfor a year or more was harmful, and if so, to volunteer what they believed the harms to be. They were also asked if they were usingNRTfor smoking reduction and/or if they had usedNRTin the past year during a quit attempt.FindingsSix percent and 25% of smokers respectively, believed that the long term use of NRT was very or quit harmful to health; and a further 29% reported that they ‘didn't know’. The most commonly reported harms were addiction and lung cancer. There was no association between these beliefs and use ofNRTfor smoking reduction or smoking cessation.ConclusionA significant minority of smokers inEngland believe that the use of nicotine replacement therapy for a year or more is harmful. However, belief that long‐term nicotine replacement therapy use can cause health harm does not appear to act as a deterrent to using it in a quit attempt or for smoking reduction.
The impact of media campaigns on smoking cessation activity: a structural vector autoregression analysis
Authors: Langley Tessa E. , McNeill Ann , Lewis Sarah , Szatkowski Lisa , Quinn Casey 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the effect of tobacco control media campaigns and pharmaceutical company‐funded advertising for nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) on smoking cessation activity.DesignMultiple time series analysis using structural vector autoregression, January 2002–May 2010.SettingEngland and Wales.Data sourcesTobacco control campaign data from the Central Office of Information; commercial NRT campaign data; data on calls to the National Health Service (NHS) stop smoking helpline from the Department of Health; point‐of‐sale data on over‐the‐counter (OTC) sales of NRT; and prescribing data from The Health Improvement Network (THIN), a database of UK primary care records.MeasurementsMonthly calls to the NHS stop smoking helpline and monthly rates of OTC sales and prescribing of NRT.FindingsA 1% increase in tobacco control television ratings (TVRs), a standard measure of advertising exposure, was associated with a statistically significant 0.085% increase in calls in the same month (P = 0.007), and no statistically significant effect in subsequent months. Tobacco control TVRs were not associated with OTC NRT sales or prescribed NRT. NRT advertising TVRs had a significant effect on NRT sales which became non‐significant in the seasonally adjusted model, and no significant effect on prescribing or calls.ConclusionsTobacco control campaigns appear to be more effective at triggering quitting behaviour than pharmaceutical company NRT campaigns. Any effect of such campaigns on quitting behaviour seems to be restricted to the month of the campaign, suggesting that such campaigns need to be sustained over time.
A three‐dimensional stratigraphic model for the Messinian crisis in the Pannonian Basin, eastern Hungary
Authors: Csato I. , Granjeon D. , Catuneanu O. , Baum G. R. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA three‐dimensional quantitative stratigraphic forward model is employed to investigate the controls leading to the Messinian events in the lacustrine Pannonian Basin of Central Paratethys, and the link between the Messinian salinity crisis in the Mediterranean and the late Miocene‐Pliocene stratigraphy of the Pannonian Basin. Subsurface geological data show that a prominent unconformity surface formed during Messinian time in the Pannonian Basin associated with a sudden forced regression, abrupt basinward shift of facies and a subsequent, prolonged lowstand normal regression. The lowstand prograding series filled up the shallow basin fast, while, at the same time, the marginal areas of the basin were subject to tectonic inversion. The Dionisos program used in this research is built on a nonlinear water‐driven sediment diffusion process, and it employs multiple sediment classes, basin flexure and compaction. Four different scenarios were built in the experiments to test possible basin histories with different rates and timing of tectonic inversion. Each scenario was modelled in two versions: including and not including a lake‐level fall in the Messinian. The results confirm that the Pannonian Basin in the study area has undergone a tectonic inversion since the Messinian, although the exact rates of uplift at different locations remain uncertain. The unconformity and the observed stratigraphic architecture and facies pattern could be modelled adequately only in the versions that applied a Messinian lake‐level fall. Our research concludes that the Messinian unconformity in the Pannonian Basin was caused by an absolute lake‐level drop, likely linked to the desiccation of the Mediterranean, followed by subsidence and normal regression in the basin centre and concomitant tectonic inversion and uplift along the basin margins.
Skin prick test and specific serum IgE in the diagnostic evaluation of suspected cow's milk and hen's egg allergy in children: does one replace the other?
Authors: Mehl A. , Niggemann B. , Keil T. , Wahn U. , Beyer K. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe measurement of specific serum immunoglobulin E (sIgE) and the skin prick test (SPT) are accepted tools in the diagnostic work‐up of suspected food allergy. Often only one of the methods is used to determine sensitization; however, it is still under debate whether these two methods can be used interchangeably.ObjectivesTo investigate the concordance of SPT and sIgE serum assays with regard to suspected food allergy.MethodsIn 395 children referred to our clinic with suspected cow's milk allergy and in 268 children with suspected hen's egg allergy specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) was measured, a SPT and an oral food challenge performed. A weal size ≥ 3 mm and sIgE ≥ 0.35 kU/L were considered positive. The weal size of the SPT and the level of food‐specific IgE were tested for correlation for each allergen.ResultsOf the 395 (23%) children orally challenged with cow's milk, 92 showed no corresponding results for SPT and sIgE as either positive or negative. For hen's egg, in 27 of 268 (10%) children differing test results for SPT and sIgE in serum were obtained. Moreover, regarding the quantitative values for sIgE and SPT in children with or without clinically relevant food allergy, sIgE and SPT correlated badly.ConclusionsThe concordance between SPT and sIgE is surprisingly low for cow's milk and hen's egg on an individual basis. Therefore, the tests should not be used interchangeably. Especially in children who receive a negative test result the alternative test should also be used. Furthermore, our data indicate again that oral food challenges are still the method of choice to diagnose food allergies.
Effects of winter conditions on Daphnia dynamics and genetic diversity in a dimictic temperate reservoir
Authors: HÜLSMANN STEPHAN , WAGNER ANNEKATRIN , PITSCH MATTHIAS , HORN WOLFGANG , PAUL RÜDIGER , ROTHER ANNE , ZEIS BETTINA 
Published: May 2012

Summary1. Winter conditions shape plankton dynamics and community composition in temperate regions, but their effect on dynamics and genetic composition of cyclical parthenogens like Daphnia is largely unclear.2. For 5 years, we studied the dynamics, hatching from resting eggs and genetic structure of a D. galeata × longispina hybrid complex in a dimictic, temperate reservoir. Our main hypothesis was that higher spring densities and an earlier population peak will be observed after warmer winters, with a lower genetic diversity because of a lower contribution of resting eggs to population growth.3. The study period could clearly be categorised into cold‐winter years (n = 3) and warm‐winter years (n = 2). Daphnia densities at the end of spring overturn were ∼10‐fold lower after cold winters than after warm ones, but no pattern emerged concerning the timing and the height of the population peak in early summer.4. Hatching intensity from resting eggs was higher and contributed up to 8.5% to Daphnia abundance in a cold‐winter year compared to a negligible contribution in a warm‐winter year. Consistent with this finding, new multilocus genotypes (MLGs) adding to the overwintering stock after the end of spring overturn and presumably originating from resting eggs increased genetic diversity and attained high frequencies within the population only after a cold winter. New MLGs were recorded also after warm winters, but they never gained dominance and no shift in genetic diversity was observed. However, genetic diversity was not generally reduced after warm winters.5. Our results confirm earlier findings that winter conditions have only a limited effect on the main growth phase and the peak of Daphnia during late spring and early summer. However, winter conditions determine the contribution of resting eggs to the population development, which may profoundly alter the genetic composition of the population compared to the previous season.
Diel vertical migration of freshwater fishes – proximate triggers, ultimate causes and research perspectives
Authors: MEHNER THOMAS 
Published: May 2012

Summary1. Diel vertical migrations (DVM) are typical for many cold‐water fish species such as Pacific salmons (Oncorhynchus spp.) and coregonids (Coregonus spp.) inhabiting deep lakes. A comprehensive recent overview of DVM in freshwater fish has not been available, however.2. The main proximate trigger of DVM in freshwater fish is the diel change in light intensity, with declining illumination at dusk triggering the ascent and the increase at dawn triggering the descent. Additional proximate cues are hydrostatic pressure and water temperature, which may guide fish into particular water layers at night.3. Ultimate causes of DVM encompass bioenergetics efficiency, feeding opportunities and predator avoidance. None of these factors alone can explain the DVM in all cases. Multi‐factorial hypotheses, such as the ‘antipredation window’ combined with the thermal niche hypothesis, are more likely to explain DVM. It is suggested that planktivorous fish move within a layer sufficiently well illuminated to capture zooplankton, but too dark for predators to feed upon the migrating fish. In complete darkness, fish seek layers with a temperature that optimises bioenergetics efficiency. The strength of each factor may differ from lake to lake, and hence system‐specific individual analyses are needed.4. Mechanistic details that are still poorly explored are the costs of buoyancy regulation and migration, the critical light thresholds for feeding of planktivorous and piscivorous fish, and predator assessment by (and size‐dependent predation risk of) the prey fish.5. A comprehensive understanding of the adaptive value of DVM can be attained only if the behaviour of individual fish within migrating populations is explicitly taken into account. Size, condition and reproductive value differ between individuals, suggesting that migrating populations should split into migrants and non‐migrants for whom the balance between mortality risk and growth rate can differ. There is increasing evidence for this type of partial DVM within populations.6. Whereas patterns of DVM are well documented, the evolution of DVM is still only poorly understood. Because experimental approaches at realistic natural scales remain difficult, a combination of comprehensive data sets with modelling is likely to resolve the relative importance of different proximate and ultimate causes behind DVM in fish.
An inversion approach to separating sources in marine simultaneous shooting acquisition – application to a Gulf of Mexico data set
Authors: van Borselen Roald , Baardman Rolf , Martin Tony , Goswami Bedanta , Fromyr Eivind 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTThe simultaneous firing of marine sources can provide a significant uplift in terms of acquisition efficiency and data quality enhancement. However, the seismic interference resulting from one or more ‘other’ sources needs to be well understood and the appropriate processing strategies need to be developed for the method to fulfil its promise.In this paper, a modified inversion approach is presented for the effective separation of sources in marine simultaneous shooting acquisition. The method aims to distribute all energy in the simultaneous shot records by reconstructing the individual shot records at their respective locations. The method is applied to a wide azimuth data set acquired in the Gulf of Mexico where two sources out of four in total were fired simultaneously. Results demonstrate that the individual sources can be separated satisfactory, both at the prestack and post‐stack level.
The acquisition and processing of dithered slip‐sweep vibroseis data
Authors: Bagaini Claudio , Daly Mark , Moore Ian 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTWe introduce the distance‐separated dithered slip‐sweep vibroseis acquisition technique with the objective of maximizing acquisition productivity for land data whilst maintaining the prestack amplitude fidelity required for detailed amplitude analysis. High productivity is achieved through the use of simultaneous sources and the technique is enabled by the large channel count, continuous recording and rule‐based acquisition technologies inherent in modern land acquisition systems. The technique is very flexible and allows surveys to be designed such that the source‐interference effects, after source separation, are limited to an acceptable level.Two examples illustrate the effectiveness of the technique. Firstly, we simulate a 2D, dithered data set by summing pairs of shots acquired conventionally. After separation using a sparse inversion technique, the interference noise due to simultaneous shooting is substantially eliminated and the prestack and post‐stack data are comparable with those obtainable with sequential shooting using the same number of shot locations.The second example is based on a 3D field test, in which up to 3 fleets of 2 vibrators were swept simultaneously and up to 4 fleets swept with some time overlap. The simultaneous‐source data set is coincident with existing data sets acquired with flip‐flop and slip‐sweep methods in the same area, each requiring significantly more acquisition effort. Migrated images for all three data sets are equivalent, even when no specific attempt is made to remove the interference in the simultaneous‐source data set. Separation using sparse inversion is effective in attenuating this interference prestack and is necessary for detailed amplitude analysis. It is envisaged that separation by sparse inversion will become more important as the number of simultaneous sources is increased, or the minimum distance between fleets that sweep simultaneously is decreased.
Malignant disease in the haemophilic population: moving towards a management consensus?
Authors: Astermark J. , Makris M. , Mauser‐Bunschoten E. , Nemes L. , D'oiron R. , Oldenburg J. , Ingerslev J. ,   The Malignancy in Haemophilia Workshop Group
Published: May 2012

SummaryThe Malignancy in Haemophilia Workshop Group convened a consensus working group of haematologists and oncologists to review topics related to malignancy in haemophilia. The treatment of malignant disease in this population is increasingly relevant as both outcome and lifespan continue to improve. Although adequate guidance exists for control of spontaneous bleeding episodes and of haemostasis in general surgery, information for management of haemostasis in patients with various malignancies is sparse. To date, no clinical guidelines exist for management of complex bleeding problems, diagnosis, therapy and follow‐up of malignancies in haemophilia. Furthermore, it remains unclear whether or not morbidity and mortality outcomes associated with malignancies are affected by haemophilia or by its treatment. Through presentation of five malignancies – prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, acute leukaemia, bladder cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma – important issues are highlighted, such as risk from bleeding as a symptom of malignancy; risks from invasive screenings and how these should be handled in haemophilic individuals; the implications of chemotherapy and treatment schedules, bone marrow suppression, radiotherapy, or surgery; and the likelihood of an interaction between treatment for haemophilia and malignancy outcomes. Ultimately, the aim is to establish consensus guidelines to direct and harmonize future treatment policy for malignant disease in the haemophilic population.
Medical radiation exposure in children with bleeding disorders: an institutional experience
Authors: Crawford C. C. , Meeks S. L. , Dunn A. L. 
Published: May 2012

SummaryPatients with bleeding disorders may be exposed to ionizing radiation during medical care. We hypothesized that children with severe haemophilia may have higher radiation exposure than those with mild bleeding disorders (MBDs). To compare medical radiation exposure rates between children with severe haemophilia and MBDs. Charts of 35 pediatric patients with severe haemophilia were randomly selected from a database of active male patients followed in our bleeding disorders clinic from 2000 to 2010. Case patients were age and sex matched with two control patients with MBDs [Type 1 von Willebrand disease (VWD) or mild platelet function defect (PFD)]. By retrospective review, data on radiation exposure in millisieverts (mSv) was collected from radiological studies performed within Emory/CHOA. The rates of exposure between cohorts were compared using the Mann–Whitney Test. Case patients had a mean of 11.3 (median 8, IQR = 29) radiographic studies compared with 1.8 (median 1, IQR = 11) for controls (P < 0.001). The mean effective dose of radiation per patient per year of study was two mSv for case patients (median 0.4, IQR = 3) and 0.4 mSv for control patients (median 0.01, IQR = 0.3) (P < 0.001). Overall, 1.4% of controls and 31.4% of cases accumulated high to very high levels of exposure ( > 20 mSv). Case patients with severe hemophilia accumulated significantly more medical radiation exposure than controls. While the use of ionizing radiation is often necessary for management of these patients, avoidance of unnecessary exposure along with exploration of alternative imaging techniques and low dose protocols should be considered whenever possible.
Dosing and effectiveness of recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIA) in congenital haemophilia with inhibitors by bleed type and location: the experience of the Haemophilia and Thrombosis Research Society (HTRS) Registry (2004–2008)
Authors: Young G. , Cooper D. L. , Gut R. Z. ,   The HTRS Investigators
Published: May 2012

SummaryControl of bleeding in patients with congenital haemophilia with inhibitors requires use of bypassing agents such as recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa). Due to the difficulties in performing prospective clinical trials in this small subgroup of patients with haemophilia and the need for postmarketing surveillance, a large‐scale database was developed by the Hemophilia and Thrombosis Research Society. This report comprises an analysis of the database with respect to assessing dosing and efficacy of rFVIIa by bleed type and location. Between January 2004 and November 2008, data from 129 inhibitor patients with 2041 rFVIIa‐treated bleeds were analysed. The bleeds were primarily spontaneous (58%) and traumatic (30%). The most common locations were joints (57%), muscle (20%), mucosal (7%) and subcutaneous (6%). Median total rFVIIa doses per bleeding episode for spontaneous and traumatic bleeds were 540 mcg kg−1 (4 injections/2 days) and 300 mcg kg−1 (2.5 injections/1 day) respectively. Median total rFVIIa dose (mean dose, number of injections) was 480 mcg kg−1 (110 mcg kg−1, 3) for joint; 557 mcg kg−1 (120 mcg kg−1, 4) for muscle; 360 mcg kg−1 (120 mcg kg−1, 3) for mucosal and 402 mcg kg−1 (117 mcg kg−1, 3) for subcutaneous. Overall efficacy ranged from 89% to 93%; bleeding stopped in 89% of spontaneous and 93% of traumatic bleeds, 90% of joint bleeds, and 89% of muscle, mucosal,and subcutaneous bleeds. Although spontaneous bleeds require slightly higher doses than traumatic bleeds, most bleeds were treated with a median of 3–4 injections (110–130 mcg kg−1). Effectiveness of rFVIIa was consistently high across bleeding types and locations.
Student midwives’ views on maternity care just before their graduation
Authors: Van kelst Liesbeth , Spitz Bernard , Sermeus Walter , Thomson Ann M. 
Published: May 2012

van kelst l., spitz b., sermeus w. & thomson a.m. (2013) Student midwives’ views on maternity care just before their graduation. Journal of Advanced Nursing69(3), 600–609. doi: 10.1111/j.1365‐2648.2012.06042.xAbstractAim.  To report a hermeneutic study of student midwives’ views on maternity care just before their graduation.Background.  Woman‐centred care, which is the hallmark of midwifery, is taught to midwifery students around the globe. Woman‐centred care is advantageous for women at low obstetric risk. However, adopting this ideology might be a problem for student midwives whose clinical placements are mainly in a medicalized obstetric‐led hospital setting.Design.  A hermeneutic phenomenological study was conducted.Methods.  In 2010, three focus groups were held where 19 student midwives participated. Data were transcribed verbatim and analysed using van Manen’s approach.Findings.  The choice for midwifery was a ‘positive’ choice and not the result of an elimination process. Students’ description of a midwife as a coach was in line with the international definition of a midwife. With regard to maternity care, midwifery students identified two types of care, factory‐style care and tailored care, both of which were ascribed to caregivers and hospital culture. Furthermore, student midwives made the distinction between hierarchy and teamwork, referring to the professional relations in maternity care. Hierarchy was driven by tradition, it implied that decisions were made top‐down, and it resulted in impersonal relations. Midwifery students felt it was unjust that midwives were not allowed to perform deliveries while having the legal autonomy to do so.Conclusion.  In spite of the medicalized context, midwifery education succeeded in educating midwives who hold a woman‐centred ideology. Midwifery students linked style of care to a person rather than to a profession.