bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction
Authors: Muff Fabian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter is structured as follows: Sect. 1.1 describes the background and motivation for this work, followed by the research objectives and research questions associated with this dissertation (Sect. 1.2). Section 1.3 explains the details of the research methodology that was used during the course of the research. Finally, Sects. 1.4 and 1.5 describe the structure of the book, and the intermediary published works related to it.
From the AI White Paper of the European Commission to the Draft ‘AI-Act’—Contours of a Legal Framework for AI in Statu Nascendi
Authors: Olmos-Giupponi Belen , Hofmeister Hannes 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article first provides an overview of the Commission’s ‘AI White Paper’. Having done so, the need for a comprehensive AI legal framework will be discussed in more detail and then the contours of such a framework pursuant to the White Paper will be outlined. This article then focuses on the implementation of the White Paper by the draft ‘AI Act’ of April 2021. This draft is a legal novelty as it constitutes the first concrete approach for regulating AI worldwide.The main features of this ‘Act’ are briefly presented and then subjected to a critical analysis.
Denjoy–Carleman Microlocal Regularity on Smooth Real Submanifolds of Complex Spaces
Authors: Braun Rodrigues Nicholas , da Silva Antonio Victor 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We prove the existence of approximate solutions in the regular Denjoy–Carleman sense for some systems of smooth pairwise commuting complex vector fields. Such approximate solutions provide a well-defined notion of Denjoy–Carleman wave front set of distributions on

$$\mathcal {C}^\infty $$

C

∞

-smooth maximally real submanifolds in complex space which can be characterized in terms of the decay of a Fourier–Bros–Iagolnitzer transform. We also apply the approximate solutions to analyze the Denjoy–Carleman microlocal regularity of solutions of certain systems of first-order nonlinear partial differential equations.
Riskanter Krankenhausplan – eine Umfrage unter ChefärztInnen in NRW: dramatische Auswirkungen in der Viszeralchirurgie
Authors: Braumann Chris , Meurer Kirsten , Niedergethmann Marco , Bauer Karl-Heinz , Ulrich Alexis , Gebauer Florian , Rijcken Emile , Bultmann Uta , Held Felicitas Giuliana , Schmitz Björn , Hahn Jasmina , Schilling André , Pascher Andreas , Zarras Konstantinos , Uhl Waldemar 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund
Der Krankenhausplan NRW soll im größten deutschen Bundesland die medizinische Qualität und die Effizienz der Gesundheitsversorgung steigern respektive optimieren und könnte als „Blaupause“ für Deutschland dienen. Die Feststellungsbescheide des Landesministeriums für Arbeit, Gesundheit und Soziales (MAGS) für die Leistungsgruppen (LG) wurden den Kliniken zugestellt und die definitive Umsetzung für April 2025 vorgesehen.

Methodik
Insgesamt 254 viszeralchirurgischen ChefärztInnen (CÄ) wurde ein konsentierter Fragebogen zugesandt: Alter, Bettenanzahl, Versorgungsstufen, Leistungsgruppen, Zentralisierung, Spezialisierung, Zertifizierung, Änderung der öffentlichen Wahrnehmung, Weiterbildung und Gefahren für die Weiterbildungsbefugnis wurden ebenso wie Attraktivität des Faches und Nachwuchsthemen abgefragt.

Ergebnisse
Von 254 Bögen wurden 108 rückgesendet (42,5 %). 50 % der CÄ sind von der Notwendigkeit der Reform überzeugt. Jedoch ist 32 % der Kliniken die Zuteilung einer LG trotz bestehender Zertifizierung verwehrt worden. Bei 45 Kliniken (42 %) erfolgte gar keine LG-Zuteilung. Ein Krankenhaus erhielt ohne Antragstellung eine LG. 80 Klinikleitungen können keine sinnvolle politische Strategie im Krankenhausplan erkennen (74 %). 35 % der CÄ sehen keine Verbesserung der Behandlungsqualität durch die Zentralisierung. 59 Leitungen befürchten, dass das öffentliche Ansehen ihrer Klinik verschlechtert wird (55 %). 86 CÄ sehen die derzeitige Weiterbildungsordnung nicht mehr garantiert (80 %). 72 % sehen einen Verlust der Attraktivität des Faches Viszeralchirurgie und 48 % der CÄ machen sich Sorgen um ihre persönliche Zukunft.

Diskussion
Die Reform wird von den Befragten unterstützt – die Methode stößt jedoch auf große Kritik. Zertifizierungen der DKG und DGAV finden keine verlässliche Berücksichtigung und zweifeln demnach Lebens- und Klinikleistungen an. Zudem wird eine differenzierte Auswirkungsanalyse und eine Begleitforschung vermisst (z. B. Kapazitätsengpässe, Personalmangel, Wartezeiten, Krankenhausschließungen). Die Attraktivität des Faches Chirurgie ist wie die Zusatzweiterbildung Spezielle Viszeralchirurgie gefährdet.

Graphic abstract
AI and the visualisation needs of researchers using email archives
Authors: Green Peter 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Correspondence held in the collections of cultural institutions is an important resource for researchers, including historians, biographers, and social scientists. Email has been the dominant form of correspondence for the last 30 years and email archives are now being acquired by cultural institutions as a valuable resource for their collections. There are challenges in collecting, preserving and providing access to email archives, as with all born-digital materials, but also challenges in using email archives as a researcher. One tool that can help researchers use an email archive is visualisation. Visualisation has been applied to email for a long period of time but there has been little research into the visualisation needs of researchers using email archives. The preliminary outcomes of a research project investigating the needs of researchers suggests that visualisations will be useful to the researcher, who is always under the pressure of limited time, to work efficiently with the email archive. Artificial intelligence (AI) can play a role in preparing the email archive for visualisation. However, the research outcomes suggest that visualisations will be viewed cautiously by researchers who want time with the actual email archive to develop their research and they are unlikely to trust visualisations alone. The use of AI in the production of visualisations has the potential to add further barriers to researchers’ level of trust.
Emerging paradigms in music technology: valuing mistakes, glitches and uncertainty in the age of generative AI and automation
Authors: Loor Paredes Miguel 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this article, I discuss the implications of generative AI in future of creative work in the music industries through an ethnographic study of music technologists in Melbourne, Australia. Drawing on visual ethnography methods, I explore how researchers, developers, as well as professional and aspiring artists, across sectors in Melbourne’s ecosystem, value the role of mistakes, glitches and uncertainty in the creative process with music technology. This stands in opposition to the controlled processes within generative AI models, based on the management of uncertainty as an input value. Thus, I reframe the concept of creative uncertainty which emerges as a shaping force in the creative process, and in opposition to the controlled outputs of generative AI. Furthermore, this article shows the limitations and misalignment of dominant visions about the impact of generative AI, on creative workflows and practices, by highlighting the experiences, motivations and expectations of the research participants in this multi-sited ethnography.
The probability of cerebral amyloid angiopathy according to the Simplified Edinburgh CT criteria in a large, unselected lobar intracerebral hemorrhage population
Authors: Hillal Amir , Apostolaki-Hansson Trine , Ramgren Birgitta , Hansen Björn , Norrving Bo , Wassélius Johan , Ullberg Teresa 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Early identification of the underlying cause of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is important for treatment and prognosis. This study aims to investigate the association of hematoma volume and other clinical parameters on the distribution of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) probability according to the simplified Edinburgh CT criteria in a large, unselected intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) population.

Method
Patients with spontaneous ICH residing in Skane county registered with clinical data in the Swedish Stroke Register 2016–2020 were included. Radiological parameters were evaluated using baseline non-contrast CT (NCCT) for categorization according to the simplified Edinburgh CT criteria by the presence of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and fingerlike-projections (FLP). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with an increased (intermediate/high) CAA probability.

Results
Of 666 patients with lobar ICH, 190 (29%) had high, 92 (14%) had intermediate, and 384 (58%) had low CAA probability. Patients with increased CAA probability presented more often with decreased level of consciousness, larger hematoma volumes, and higher 90-day mortality. Baseline hematoma volume [10-30 ml (OR = 4.03;95%CI: 2.26–7.19); 30-80 ml (OR = 12.00;95%CI:7.26–22.53); >80 ml (OR = 30.00;95%CI:15.94–59.09)], female sex (OR = 1.58;95%CI:1.08–2.32) and age (OR = 1.04;95%CI:1.02–1.06) were associated with an increased odds of having an increased CAA probability.

Conclusion
We identified a strong association between baseline hematoma volume and an increased probability of CAA in lobar ICH patients on NCCT, indicating that large hematoma volumes alone may contribute to the occurrence of FLP and SAH, and act as a confounder for the simplified Edinburgh CT criteria. Validation against MRI is warranted.
Long-term outcomes of small head metal-on-metal compared to ceramic-on-polyethylene primary total hip arthroplasty: a registry-based cohort study
Authors: Gonzalez Amanda I. , Barea Christophe , Zingg Matthieu , Garavaglia Guido , Peter Robin , Hoffmeyer Pierre , Hannouche Didier , Lübbeke Anne 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
We aimed to compare the long-term outcomes of small-head (28 mm) metal-on-metal (MoM) total hip arthroplasty (THA) to ceramic-on-polyethylene (CoP) THA using the same cup.

Methods
All primary elective MoM and CoP THAs performed 1998–2011 were prospectively included in a local registry. Patients were followed until 31 December 2022. Outcomes were all-cause revision, complications and mortality. The uncemented Morscher 28 mm monobloc press-fit cup was used in all THAs.

Results
Overall, 3257 THAs were included, 864 MoM (mean age 63) and 2393 CoP THAs (mean age 72). Mean follow-up of the cohort was 12.9 years (maximum 26.8 years). Revision for any cause was performed in 85 MoM and 79 CoP THAs. Cumulative incidence of all-cause revision at 20 years was 13.2% (95% CI 10.6 to 16.3) in MoM and 6.3% (95% CI 4.8 to 8.3) in CoP group. Adjusted hazard ratio for all-cause revision was 1.88 (95% CI 1.34 to 2.65) comparing MoM vs. CoP. Diagnoses at revision were mainly aseptic loosening (33%) and adverse local tissue reactions (33%) in MoM and aseptic loosening in CoP group (44%). The smoothed hazard function revealed the largest difference in instantaneous revision rate between three and 14 years postoperative. After that period no difference was observed.

Conclusion
Overall, the cumulative risk of all-cause revision was almost twice as high in patients with a small head MoM as compared to a CoP THA over the 20-year period. However, most of the excess in revisions among MoM patients occurred between three and 14 years postoperative.
Fatal intoxications and inherited cardiac disorders in the young: where to draw the line?
Authors: Grassi Simone , Vaiano Fabio , Dimitrova Alexandra , Vullo Chiara , Croce Emma Beatrice , Rossi Riccardo , Arena Vincenzo , Strano Rossi Sabina , Campuzano Oscar , Brugada Ramon , Oliva Antonio 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Sudden cardiac death represents a significant public health concern and is one of the leading causes of early mortality worldwide. The escalating use of illicit drugs, approximately 269 million people in 2018, represents a growing public health. Some of these drugs are stimulants that may have multiple effects on the cardiovascular system including the cardiac rhythm, then substance abuse increases the risk of sudden death. For instance, drugs like cocaine and methamphetamine, may be responsible for myocardial infarction as well as occlusive coronary thrombosis with acute infarction. The consequences of such occurrences are far-reaching, with considerable effects not only on the victims but also on their families. Sudden cardiac death presents considerable forensic diagnostic challenges, particularly in the presence of high but non-lethal drug levels increasing the possibility of a genetic predisposition to malignant arrhythmogenic events. Our review aims to discuss the complex relationship between illicit drugs and congenital cardiac disorders, stressing the forensic issues deriving from their interaction and from the differential diagnosis. Indeed, especially when a non-lethal dose of illicit drug in presence of ambiguous microscopic findings is reported, being able to discriminate between a toxic sudden death (entailing criminal implications for the drug dealer) and a natural sudden death is a forensic issue of upmost importance.
Roles of efflux pumps and nitroreductases in metronidazole-resistant Trichomonas vaginalis
Authors: Paunkov Ana , Strasser Doris , Huber Philipp , Leitsch David 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Trichomonas v
aginalis infections significantly impact public health and are associated with increased likelihood of HIV infection, prostate cancer, and pregnancy complications. Current treatment relies almost exclusively on 5-nitroimidazoles, particularly metronidazole, raising concerns about drug resistance and treatment efficacy. This study is aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of metronidazole and tinidazole on metronidazole-resistant strains of T. vaginalis and at determining whether efflux pump inhibitors could reverse metronidazole resistance. Additionally, the roles of nitroreductases in metronidazole resistance were also studied. Metronidazole and tinidazole were tested on both metronidazole-sensitive and -resistant T. vaginalis strains. A checkerboard assay was conducted to assess the potential synergy between metronidazole or tinidazole and efflux pump inhibitors. Nitroreductase activity and ferric iron reduction assays were employed to study the functions of nitroreductases. Tinidazole demonstrated better effectiveness against metronidazole-resistant strains compared to metronidazole, with lower minimal lethal concentration levels. However, the tested efflux pump inhibitors did not significantly enhance the efficacy of metronidazole or tinidazole. Pyrimethamine showed some activity but did not improve the efficacy of the 5-nitroimidazoles in combination. Investigations into the role of nitroreductases and other enzymes in metronidazole resistance revealed no clear downregulation trend in resistant strains. Notably, nitroreductase 8 was capable of reducing ferric iron. While tinidazole remains a viable alternative for treating metronidazole-resistant T. vaginalis, efflux pump inhibitors do not effectively reverse resistance. The identification of nitroreductase’s 8 iron-reducing activity suggests its involvement in metronidazole resistance mechanisms. This finding highlights the need for continued research to develop new treatment strategies and improve the management of trichomoniasis, ultimately reducing its public health burden.
Impact of metal vs non-absorbable, polymer clips during laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Bartholomew A. J. , Jing C. , Economopoulos K. P. , Sizemore A. , Lim J. , Record S. , Greene S. , Ladowski J. M. , Howell T. C. , Gordee A. , Kuchibhtala M. , Yoo J. , Jain-Spangler K. , Michaels A. D. , Fong P. A. , Greenberg J. A. , Seymour K. A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Titanium metal clips have classically been used to occlude the cystic artery and duct during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Non-absorbable, polymer clips are an alternative with a locking feature. There is limited research evaluating the adoption, safety, and cost of these clips during cholecystectomy.

Methods
A retrospective review was conducted on patients undergoing elective LC from 2017 to 2019. The cohort was divided based on the use of metal or polymer clips. The primary outcome was 30-day emergency department (ED) visit rate. Secondary outcomes included readmission and complications. Surgeon utilization and cost comparison were assessed. Chi square, Wilcoxon rank-sum, and multivariable logistic regression was performed.

Results
1244 patients underwent LC by 38 surgeons, of which 934 (75.1%) utilized metal clips. Thirty-day ED presentation was 8.5%, with a higher rate for the polymer clip group (12.4% vs 7.2%, p = 0.005); 79% of presentations were related to the operation. On adjusted analysis, ED visits were associated with hospital facility and insurance payor. Thirty-day readmission rate was comparable for polymer and metal clips (4.9% vs 3.2%, p = 0.18, respectively). Most surgeons used metal clips (58%) and there was no impact based on fellowship training. Those who preferentially utilized polymer clips had more recently graduated from medical school (p = 0.02) and were more likely to perform intraoperative cholangiograms (p < 0.001). The device cost difference favored polymer clips by $75 per case.

Conclusion
Polymer clips are a safe alternative to metal clips, with a similarly low complication profile. Despite an increase in 30-day ED visit rate in the polymer group, adjusted analysis demonstrated an association with hospital facility and insurance type, and not clip type. Given LC is one of the most commonly performed operations worldwide, the benefit of locking polymer clips should be incorporated into intraoperative decision making.
Levodopa-synergistic CBT intervention improves Parkinson’s disease with anxiety disorder by regulating the BDNF/PI3K/AKT pathway
Authors: Ji Niu , Lu Shujin , Xu Bingchao , Guan Xinying , Xian Zhenping , Geng Deqin , Gao Dianshuai 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Anxiety disorder is one of the most common and disabling neuropsychiatric syndromes in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), seriously affecting the quality of life and prognosis of PD patients.

Objective
The objective of this study was to analyze the risk factors for anxiety in PD patients and to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in treating PD with anxiety disorder (PDAD).

Methods
Baseline data were recorded for 211 PD patients and 139 PDAD patients, and multi-factorial and independent risk factors for anxiety disorder in PD patients were analyzed. ​The 139 PDAD patients were divided into clinical testing (CMO) and CBT groups. Assessments were taken at baseline and after the end of the intervention. A 5-month follow-up survey was conducted after the intervention. The mouse PD model was induced by MPTP, and the anxiety state of mice was detected by rotarod test and open-field test. The expression of BDNF/PI3K/Akt protein in serum and mouse brain was detected by western blot.

Results
PDAD patients had significantly higher HAMA scores than PD patients. PSQI, ESS, HAMD, SCOPA-AUT, UPDRS-III and Hoehn-Yahr were independent risk factors for anxiety disorder in PD patients. After the intervention, the psychological state, cognitive function and quality of life improved in both the CMO and CBT groups, with the CBT group showing better improvement Results from follow-up showed that the number and frequency of falls was lower in the CBT group than in the CMO group, and that patients were more satisfied with the CBT intervention than the CMO group. L-dopa treatment alleviated anxiety in PD mice. L-dopa treatment increased BDNF, p-PI3K, and p-Akt protein levels. Moreover, the combination of L-dopa and CBT enhanced the boosting effect of L-dopa on these proteins.

Conclusion
CBT is an effective treatment for anxiety in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Medications combined with CBT have been shown to be effective in improving depression, anxiety and quality of life in PDAD patients.
Changes in the probability of temporally compound wet and dry events in a warmer world: case study in the Upper Jhelum Basin—South Asia
Authors: Ansari Rubina , Casanueva Ana , Liaqat Muhammad Usman , Grossi Giovanna 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Temporal compound events (TCEs), such as the consecutive occurrence of two complementary extremes of the hydrological spectrum (floods and droughts), exhibit a volatile hydrological cycle that exacerbate the challenges associated with water resources management. This study makes use of bias-corrected climate models output from three modeling experiments (CMIP6, CORDEX, and CORDEX-CORE), to examine moderate to extreme wet and dry events and their temporal compounding over the Upper Jhelum Basin (UJB), under low, medium, and high emission scenarios for two future periods (2040–2059 and 2080–2099). Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) is used to quantify the meteorological wet and dry events that are the main driver of the hydrologic floods and droughts. The two types of TCEs considered in the current study are wet-to-dry (W-to-D) events and dry-to-wet (D-to-W) events in the adjacent month. Results indicate that (1) under warming conditions, wet and dry events are expected to become more frequent and severe whereas duration of the events exhibits distinct change signals depending on the specific location. (2) The basin is more prone to D-to-W TCEs dominated in the southwest of the region, which was not found to be hotspot historically neither for dry nor for wet extreme events. (3) CORDEX and CORDEX-CORE ensembles show varying climate change signals with no specific spatial pattern whereas the CMIP6 ensemble shows stronger change signals and divides the region into two distinct parts, i.e., northeast and southwest.
Mesorhizobium salmacidum sp. nov. and Mesorhizobium argentiipisi sp. nov. are symbionts of the dry-land forage legumes Lessertia diffusa and Calobota sericea
Authors: Muema Esther K. , van Lill Melandré , Venter Stephanus N. , Chan Wai Yin , Claassens Ricu , Steenkamp Emma T. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Legumes Lessertia diffusa and Calobota sericea, indigenous to South Africa, are commonly used as fodder crops with potential for sustainable livestock pasture production. Rhizobia were isolated from their root nodules grown in their respective soils from the Succulent Karoo biome (SKB) in South Africa, identified and characterized using a polyphasic approach. Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene confirmed all isolates as Mesorhizobium members, which were categorized into two distinct lineages using five housekeeping protein-coding genes. Lineage I included 14 strains from both legumes, while Lineage II comprised a single isolate from C. sericea. Differences in phenotypic traits were observed between the lineages and corroborated by average nucleotide identity analyses. While all strains nodulated their original hosts, strains from C. sericea failed to effectively nodulate L. diffusa and vice versa. Phylogenetic analyses of nitrogen fixation (nifH) and nodulation (nodA, nodC) loci grouped all strains in a single clade, suggesting that unique symbiotic loci determine nodulation of these legumes. We designated Lineage I and II as Mesorhizobium salmacidum sp. nov. (Ld1326Ts; GCA_037179605.1Ts) and Mesorhizobium argentiipisi sp. nov. (Cs1330R2N1Ts; GCA_037179585.1Ts), using genome sequences as nomenclatural types according to the Nomenclatural Code for Prokaryotes using Sequence Data, thus avoiding complications with South Africa's biodiversity regulations. Identifying effective microsymbionts of L. diffusa and C. sericea is essential for conservation of Succulent Karoo Biome, where indigenous invasive species like Vachellia karroo and non-native Australian acacia species are present. Furthermore, targeted management practices using effective symbionts of the studied legumes can sustain the biome's socio-economic contribution through fodder provision.