bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How should we train consultant appraisers? Description and evaluation of a pilot training model developed in Scotland
Authors: Wakeling Judy , Staples Ian , Cameron Niall 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectives  This paper outlines a model developed by NHS Education for Scotland to pilot consultant appraiser training. The training was aimed at both new/inexperienced appraisers and experienced appraisers. A Course for New/Inexperienced Appraisers was held over 2 days and the Experienced Course over 1 day. Both are described, as is an initial tutor induction day designed to recruit consultant tutors who could contribute to delivering the courses. A thorough qualitative evaluation of the courses was undertaken and this is reported. The paper also discusses the desirability and implications of rolling out the pilot on a wider scale.Method  A qualitative evaluation design using interviews to collect feedback from participants who had attended all three courses – the Induction event, the Inexperienced Appraiser Course and the Experienced Appraiser Course – was employed. Telephone interviews were transcribed and analysed using framework analysis and aided by NVivo 7.Results  The response of those interviewed for this evaluation of the three courses was very positive. The content, organization, skills of the tutors and usefulness of the courses were commended. Suggested improvements were relatively minor and included: introducing more material on the requirements of revalidation, more small group discussions and making the course more secondary care‐orientated. However, it was recognized that with the requirements for ‘enhanced’ appraisal and revalidation still uncertain, this created difficulties and the course would evolve to take account of further developments.Conclusions  The training piloted represents an effective way to train consultants in appraisal skills. Interviewees were supportive of the pilot being continued: either nationally or cascaded down locally. Exactly what model is achievable and desirable will depend on the number of appraisers to be trained and the availability of resources to support ‘enhanced’ appraisal in secondary care.
Women in medium secure care: tracking treatment progress for changes in risk profiles and treatment engagement
Authors: LONG C. G. , DOLLEY O. , HOLLIN C. R. 
Published: January 2011

Accessible summary

Progress in treatment for women in medium secure conditions is dependent on reducing patients risk to self and others.
A method of managing and reducing risk behaviours is described.
In this study risk reduction has been paralleled by increased engagement in treatment activities.
The implications for treatment and further research are discussed.

AbstractThe treatment and risk management programmes in a women's medium secure service are described. Changes in risk profiles and its relationship to treatment engagement are examined in a cohort of women during their stay in a medium secure service. Findings show that clinically significant reductions in risk behaviours were paralleled by increases in treatment engagement. The clinical healthcare implications of these findings are discussed along with the need for further research.
A new ATP‐binding cassette protein is involved in intracellular haem trafficking in Leishmania
Authors: Campos‐Salinas Jenny , Cabello‐Donayre María , García‐Hernández Raquel , Pérez‐Victoria Ignacio , Castanys Santiago , Gamarro Francisco , Pérez‐Victoria José M. 
Published: January 2011

SummaryThe characterization of LABCG5, a new intracellular ATP‐binding cassette protein in Leishmania donovani, is described. Unlike other ABCG half‐transporters, LABCG5 is not involved in either drug resistance or phospholipid efflux. However, we provide evidence suggesting that this protein is involved in intracellular haem trafficking. Thus, downregulation of LABCG5 function produced upon overexpression of an inactive version of the protein caused a dramatic growth arrest unless a haemin supplement was added or the mutated gene was eliminated. Supplementation with haemoglobin, an upstream metabolite normally sufficient to meet parasite haem requirements, was unable to rescue the growth defect phenotype. Haemoglobin endocytosis was not hampered in dominant‐negative parasites and neither was haem uptake, a process that we show here to be dependent on a specific transporter. In contrast, LABCG5 function was required for the correct intracellular trafficking of haemoglobin‐bound porphyrins to the mitochondria, not affecting the routing of free haem. Finally, LABCG5 binds haem through hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. Altogether, these data suggest that LABCG5 is involved in the salvage of the haem released after the breakdown of internalized haemoglobin. As Leishmania is auxotrophic for haem, the pharmacological targeting of this route could represent a novel approach to control fatal visceral leishmaniasis.
Anthelminthic treatment during pregnancy is associated with increased risk of infantile eczema: randomised‐controlled trial results
Authors: Mpairwe Harriet , Webb Emily L. , Muhangi Lawrence , Ndibazza Juliet , Akishule Denise , Nampijja Margaret , Ngom‐wegi Sophy , Tumusime Josephine , Jones Frances M. , Fitzsimmons Colin , Dunne David W. , Muwanga Moses , Rodrigues Laura C. , Elliott Alison M. 
Published: January 2011

To cite this article: Mpairwe H, Webb EL, Muhangi L, Ndibazza J, Akishule D, Nampijja M, Ngom‐wegi S, Tumusime J, Jones FM, Fitzsimmons C, Dunne DW, Muwanga M, Rodrigues LC, Elliott AM. Anthelminthic treatment during pregnancy is associated with increased risk of infantile eczema: randomised‐controlled trial results. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2011; 22: 305–312.AbstractBackground:  Allergy is commoner in developed than in developing countries. Chronic worm infections show inverse associations with allergy, and prenatal exposures may be critical to allergy risk.Objective:  To determine whether anthelminthic treatment during pregnancy increases the risk of allergy in infancy.Methods:  A randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial on treatment in pregnancy with albendazole versus placebo and praziquantel versus placebo was conducted in Uganda, with a 2 × 2 factorial design; 2507 women were enrolled; infants’ allergy events were recorded prospectively. The main outcome was doctor‐diagnosed infantile eczema.Results:  Worms were detected in 68% of women before treatment. Doctor‐diagnosed infantile eczema incidence was 10.4/100 infant years. Maternal albendazole treatment was associated with a significantly increased risk of eczema [Cox HR (95% CI), p: 1.82 (1.26–2.64), 0.002]; this effect was slightly stronger among infants whose mothers had no albendazole‐susceptible worms than among infants whose mothers had such worms, although this difference was not statistically significant. Praziquantel showed no effect overall but was associated with increased risk among infants of mothers with Schistosoma mansoni [2.65 (1.16–6.08), interaction p = 0.02]. In a sample of infants, skin prick test reactivity and allergen‐specific IgE were both associated with doctor‐diagnosed eczema, indicating atopic aetiology. Albendazole was also strongly associated with reported recurrent wheeze [1.58 (1.13–2.22), 0.008]; praziquantel showed no effect.Conclusions:  The detrimental effects of treatment suggest that exposure to maternal worm infections in utero may protect against eczema and wheeze in infancy. The results for albendazole are also consistent with a direct drug effect. Further studies are required to investigate mechanisms of these effects, possible benefits of worms or worm products in primary prevention of allergy, and the possibility that routine deworming during pregnancy may promote allergic disease in the offspring.
Seed protein amino acid composition of important local grain legumes Lupinus angustifolius L., Lupinus luteus L., Pisum sativum L. and Vicia faba L.
Authors: Schumacher H. , Paulsen H. M. , Gau A. E. , Link W. , Jürgens H. U. , Sass O. , Dieterich R. 
Published: January 2011

With 3 figures and 5 tables AbstractGrain legumes are regarded as highly valuable protein source for human and animal nutrition. Legume protein quality is mainly limited by the amino acids (AAs) tryptophan and sulphur AA. Organic farming in particular requires high seed protein quality for livestock feeding, as chemically produced AAs must not be feeded. Breeding attempts to increase contents of limiting AA are required. In the present survey, the AA content of 107 cultivars of important European grain legume species (Lupinus angustifolius, Lupinus luteus, Pisum sativum and Vicia faba) was analysed. AA contents were related to the requirements of growing pigs and human nutrition. Feed quality could be enhanced by choice of high quality varieties according to ideal protein concepts. For example for sulphur, AA feed quality for pigs could be increased by up to 22% (e.g. for L. angustifolius: ideal protein = 100, sample mean = 59.7, sample maximum = 72.7). Regarding livestock nutrition, ranges of limiting AA never reached the qualities reported for soybean seeds. However, an inclusion of high quality legume lines would reduce the need for other high quality components in feed compositions.
Effect of aging on the perceptions of physical and mental health in an Australian population
Authors: Happell Brenda , Koehn Stefan 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the impact of age on the perceptions of mental and physical health in an Australian population. A cross‐sectional study of the Queensland population was conducted via telephone interviews (n = 1165). The Short Form‐12 Health Survey was used to measure the population's perceived physical and mental health and additional demographic information was collected. Groups with participants who were aged 18–24, 25–34, 35–44, 45–54, 55–64, and > 65 years were compared. The results suggested that the participants' perceptions of mental health gradually increased with age, as the 55–64 and > 65 years old age groups scored significantly higher than did the younger age groups. Conversely, the older participants scored significantly lower than the younger participants on the physical health scale. Further research is warranted to consider the factors that might influence the perceptions of mental health across the life span.
Treatment of brain metastases from renal cell carcinoma with sunitinib and radiotherapy: Our experience and review of the literature
Authors: Kusuda Yuji , Miyake Hideaki , Terakawa Tomoaki , Furukawa Junya , Muramaki Mototsugu , Fujisawa Masato 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe present study reports our experience with five renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients with brain metastases treated with sunitinib and radiotherapy. All patients had undergone radical nephrectomy. Before treatment with sunitinib, radiotherapy for brain metastases, either by γ‐knife surgery or whole brain radiation, was carried out. After treatment with sunitinib, shrinkage of brain metastases was achieved in all patients with complete response, partial response and stable disease in two, one and two patients, respectively. Although progression of brain metastases occurred in four of the five patients, additional γ‐knife surgery was effective in three patients. Over a 12.5‐month follow up, four patients, including three who maintained their best response, remained alive. The remaining one patient died of disease progression. Despite the observation of several adverse events after treatment with sunitinib, there was no intracerebral hemorrhage in any patient. These findings suggest that sunitinib combined with radiation therapy can be safely carried out in RCC patients with brain metastases and provides a favorable prognosis in these cases. However, considering their frequent progression, it would be important to carry out careful follow up for these patients by focusing on the control of brain metastases.
A corrective emotional experience – or just a bit of exercise? The relevance of interpersonal learning in Exercise on prescription
Authors: ROESSLER KIRSTEN KAYA 
Published: January 2011

Roessler, K. K. (2011). A corrective emotional experience – or just a bit of exercise? The relevance of interpersonal learning in Exercise on prescription. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 52, 354–360.The objective of the present study was to examine psychological aspects of intra‐ and interpersonal learning for patients with Type 2 diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia treated with Exercise on prescription. The research design consists of a qualitative investigation of 30 patients in Denmark undergoing a community‐based exercise treatment at baseline, a post‐intervention investigation after four months and a follow‐up one year after the start of intervention. The results demonstrated that, for the majority of the participants, interaction under group conditions contributes to maintaining the commitment to exercise. For a corrective emotional experience– a correction of an emotional situation a person could not handle in the past – to occur requires two conditions: the group and the environment must be experienced as sufficiently safe, and there must be feedback to permit reality‐testing. However, existential psychological aspects such as fear of dying or the universality of suffering triggered, but could not sustain, a change in health behavior. The article concludes that behavioral change is strengthened by interaction with health personnel and with the training group. These new insights likewise demand an increased focus on the human resources of general practitioners or physiotherapists who handle the training. They should learn about their supportive role for the participants, the regressive urges of the participants and the benefits of promoting group relations.
How social position of origin relates to intelligence and level of education when adjusting for attained social position
Authors: SORJONEN KIMMO , HEMMINGSSON TOMAS , LUNDIN ANDREAS , MELIN BO 
Published: January 2011

Sorjonen, K., Hemmingsson, T., Lundin, A & Melin, B. (2011). How social position of origin relates to intelligence and level of education when adjusting for attained social position. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology52, 277–281.Intelligence and its relationship to achievement is a classical question within psychology. In accordance with earlier British studies, the present study, based on conscription data and follow‐ups for Swedish men born 1949–51 (N = 36,156), found that when adjusting for attained social position, people with a high social position of origin tend to have higher intelligence and level of education than people with a lower social position of origin. These results could be seen to contradict the claim that more merit, at least when operationalized as intelligence or education, is required from people with a low social position of origin in order to attain a certain social level.
Physical attractiveness stereotype and memory
Authors: ROHNER JEAN‐CHRISTOPHE , RASMUSSEN ANDERS 
Published: January 2011

Rasmussen, A. & Rohner, J.‐C. (2011). Physical attractiveness stereotype and memory.Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 52, 309–319.Three experiments examined explicit and implicit memory for information that is congruent with the physical attractiveness stereotype (i.e. attractive‐positive and unattractive‐negative) and information that is incongruent with the physical attractiveness stereotype (i.e. attractive‐negative and unattractive‐positive). Measures of explicit recognition sensitivity and implicit discriminability revealed a memorial advantage for congruent compared to incongruent information, as evident from hit and false alarm rates and reaction times, respectively. Measures of explicit memory showed a recognition bias toward congruent compared to incongruent information, where participants tended to call congruent information old, independently of whether the information had been shown previously or not. This recognition bias was unrelated to reports of subjective confidence in retrieval. The present findings shed light on the cognitive mechanisms that might mediate discriminatory behavior towards physically attractive and physically unattractive individuals.
Robust genetic programming‐based detection of atrial fibrillation using RR intervals
Authors: Yaghouby Farid , Ayatollahi Ahmad , Bahramali Reihaneh , Yaghouby Maryam 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn this study, two variants of genetic programming, namely linear genetic programming (LGP) and multi‐expression programming (MEP) are utilized to detect atrial fibrillation (AF) episodes. LGP‐ and MEP‐based models are derived to classify samples of AF and Normal episodes based on the analysis of RR interval signals. A weighted least‐squares (WLS) regression analysis is performed using the same features and data sets to benchmark the models. Another important contribution of this paper is identification of the effective time domain features of heart rate variability (HRV) signals upon an improved forward floating selection (IFFS) analysis. The models are developed using MIT‐BIH arrhythmia database. The diagnostic performances of the LGP and MEP classifiers are evaluated through receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis. The results indicate that the LGP and MEP models are able to diagnose the AF arrhythmia with an acceptable high accuracy. The proposed models have significantly better diagnosis performances than the regression and several models found in the literature.
Evaluating the quality of airport service using the fuzzy multi‐criteria decision‐making method: a case study of Taiwanese airports
Authors: Chien‐Chang Chou 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn today's highly competitive air transportation environment, the quality of airport service is an important issue. In this paper, we present a fuzzy multi‐criteria decision‐making (MCDM) method for the evaluation of the quality of airport service. The data are collected from the passengers who depart from two international airports in Taiwan. The fuzzy MCDM model is defuzzied using the inverse function arithmetic representation method. The results show that the average quality of the Taoyuan International Airport service is better than that of the Kaohsiung International Airport service. This paper also analyses the quality of airport service using the fuzzy expert system to improve the performance of airport service. The analysis results show that the Kaohsiung International Airport and the Taoyuan International Airports' improvement efforts should be concentrated on seven and five specific service items, respectively. The findings of this paper are to help the decision‐makers and the managers of airports improve the quality of airport service.
Quality and Welfare in a Mixed Duopoly with Regulated Prices: The Case of a Public and a Private Hospital
Authors: Herr Annika 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Hospital markets are often characterized by price regulation and the existence of different ownership types. Using a Hotelling framework, this paper analyses the effect of heterogeneous objectives of hospitals on quality differentiation, profits and overall welfare in a price-regulated duopoly with exogenous symmetric locations. In contrast to other studies on mixed duopolies, this paper shows that, in this framework, privatization of the public hospital may increase overall welfare. This holds if the public hospital is similar to the private hospital or less efficient and competition is low. The main driving force is the single-regulated price which induces under-provision (over-provision) of quality of the more (less) efficient hospital compared with the first best. However, if the public hospital is sufficiently more efficient and competition is fierce, a mixed duopoly outperforms both a private and a public duopoly due to an equilibrium price below (above) the price of the private ( public) duopoly. This medium price discourages over-provision of quality of the less efficient hospital and - together with the non-profit objective - encourages an increase in quality of the more efficient public hospital.
Unobserved Individual and Firm Heterogeneity in Wage and Job-Duration Functions: Evidence from German Linked Employer–Employee Data
Authors: Cornelißen Thomas , Hübler Olaf 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe analyse the correlations between individual and firm fixed effects, and wage and job-duration functions. Our results for large firms suggest that low-wage firms tend to be stable firms, suggesting that lower wages can buy job stability. Furthermore, high-wage workers sort into the stable low-wage firms. Our interpretation is that high-wage workers have a higher wage to insure against job loss and can afford more easily to forgo wages in favour of job stability. This may provide an explanation of the puzzle identified in previous literature that high-wage workers are matched to low-wage firms.
Optimal Investment and Financial Strategies under Tax-Rate Uncertainty
Authors: Fedele Alessandro , Vergalli Sergio , Panteghini Paolo M. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
In this paper, we apply a real-option model to study the effects of tax-rate uncertainty on a firm’s decision. In doing so, we depart from the relevant literature, which focuses on fully equity-financed investment projects. By letting a representative firm borrow optimally, we show that debt finance not only encourages investment activities but can also substantially mitigate the effect of tax-rate uncertainty on investment timing.
Resting EEG theta power correlates with cognitive performance in healthy older adults
Authors: Finnigan Simon , Robertson Ian H. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe address the degree to which resting EEG bandpower is associated with cognitive performance in 73 healthy older adults (aged 56–70). Relative theta (4–6.5 Hz) power was significantly correlated with immediate and delayed verbal recall, attention, and executive function measures. Relative delta and alpha power and peak alpha frequency did not correlate with any cognitive measures. These data indicate that high resting theta power in healthy older adults is associated with better cognitive function and may be a marker of healthy neurocognitive aging. Comparison of these with previous findings suggests that two forms of theta‐frequency oscillations may exist; one indicative of healthy neurocognitive function and the other, EEG/alpha slowing linked to (future) substantial cognitive decline. Future EEG investigations of cognitive aging or decline should analyze both relative theta power and degree of EEG/alpha slowing so as not to confound these.
The reduced N1 to self‐generated tones: An effect of temporal predictability?
Authors: Lange Kathrin 
Published: January 2011

AbstractTones that are self‐generated elicit a smaller N1 than externally triggered tones. Typically, however, self‐generated tones are also more predictable in time than externally triggered ones. The present study investigated whether the attenuated N1 can be explained by predictability based on the temporal relationship between action and effect. Participants listened to tones that were self‐generated by a key‐press or preceded by a visual cue. The tones followed the key‐presses or cues after a fixed (predictable context) or variable delay (unpredictable context). Tones triggered by a key‐press elicited a smaller N1 than tones following a visual cue. This finding suggests that the reduced N1 to self‐generated tones is not merely due to the fact that the tone's timing can be predicted based on its temporal relationship to the key‐press. Whether a tone was presented in a predictable or an unpredictable context did not affect the N1.