bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selection on plasticity of seasonal life‐history traits using random regression mixed model analysis
Authors: Brommer Jon E. , Kontiainen Pekka , Pietiäinen Hannu 
Published: February 2012

AbstractTheory considers the covariation of seasonal life‐history traits as an optimal reaction norm, implying that deviating from this reaction norm reduces fitness. However, the estimation of reaction‐norm properties (i.e., elevation, linear slope, and higher order slope terms) and the selection on these is statistically challenging. We here advocate the use of random regression mixed models to estimate reaction‐norm properties and the use of bivariate random regression to estimate selection on these properties within a single model. We illustrate the approach by random regression mixed models on 1115 observations of clutch sizes and laying dates of 361 female Ural owl Strix uralensis collected over 31 years to show that (1) there is variation across individuals in the slope of their clutch size–laying date relationship, and that (2) there is selection on the slope of the reaction norm between these two traits. Hence, natural selection potentially drives the negative covariance in clutch size and laying date in this species. The random‐regression approach is hampered by inability to estimate nonlinear selection, but avoids a number of disadvantages (stats‐on‐stats, connecting reaction‐norm properties to fitness). The approach is of value in describing and studying selection on behavioral reaction norms (behavioral syndromes) or life‐history reaction norms. The approach can also be extended to consider the genetic underpinning of reaction‐norm properties.
Computing Electronic Spin Relaxation for Gd3+‐Based Contrast Agents – Practical Implementation
Authors: Fries Pascal H. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn a molecular frame rigidly bound to the contrast agent, the instantaneous zero‐field splitting (ZFS) Hamiltonian acting on the Gd3+ electronic spin, S, has a constant mean value, named static ZFS (Hamiltonian). Expressed in the laboratory frame, the static ZFS has a random variation with time, which stems from the Brownian rotation of the complex and can be the source of a fast electronic spin relaxation that significantly quenches the relaxivity at low field. Except in a few cases, the static ZFS is too large and the Brownian rotation is too slow for the electronic relaxation to be described by Redfield analytical equations. Here, we present a formalism for simulating the quantum time correlation functions (TCFs) of the electronic spin operators, which properly account for relaxivity quenching by electronic relaxation. Though the formalism can be used at all field values, the interpretation of the high‐field relaxivity with the help of simple justified analytical equations is recommended. The simulation procedure is illustrated by the case study of a model of the complex Gddtpa {[Gd3+(dtpa)(H2O)]2– (dtpa5– = diethylenetriamine pentaacetate)}. The numerical implementation of the simulation at several levels of parallel computing is examined.
Supracricoid partial laryngectomy with cricothyroidopexy: A treatment for anterior vocal commissure laryngeal squamous carcinoma
Authors: Wen Wei‐ping , Su Zhen‐zhong , Zhu Xiao‐lin , Jiang Ai‐yun , Chai Li‐ping , Wang Zhang‐feng , Wen Yi‐hui , Lei Wen‐bin 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe clinical efficiency and functional outcomes of supracricoid partial laryngectomy (SCPL) with cricothyroidopexy (CTP) were compared with those of the traditional SCPL with cricohyoidoepiglottopexy (CHEP) in treating laryngeal squamous carcinoma involving anterior vocal commissure (AVC).MethodsFrom January 2000 to June 2009, 50 patients diagnosed with early‐ or intermediate‐stage (T1b–T3 classification) glottic cancer involving AVC were treated with SCPL‐CHEP or SCPL‐CTP. Postoperative complications, local recurrence, survival rate, and speech performance were compared between these 2 surgical procedures.ResultsPatients undergoing SCPL‐CHEP or SCPL‐CTP manifested similar levels of postoperative complications, tumor recurrence, and survival rates. However, the SCPL‐CTP group showed significantly lower Voice Handicap Index (VHI) scores, higher maximum phonation time, and improved glottic reconstruction and closure than the SCPL‐CHEP group.ConclusionThe SCPL‐CTP procedure better preserves postoperative speech performance than the SCPL‐CHEP procedure, underscoring the moderate effectiveness of SCPL‐CTP as a treatment for laryngeal squamous carcinoma involving AVC. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Objective and subjective changes in voice quality after radiotherapy for early (T1 or T2, N0) laryngeal cancer: A pilot prospective cohort study
Authors: Adams Gerard , Burnett Robyn , Mills Ellen , Penniment Michael 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundLimited data exist on long‐term voice quality after treatment for early laryngeal cancer. We report on the feasibility of establishing a dedicated service to assess changes after radiotherapy.MethodsFrom June 1999 to December 2005, all patients referred for radical radiotherapy for early laryngeal cancers were invited to join a prospective cohort study. Subjective and objective voice quality tests were performed before and after treatment and at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after treatment.ResultsTwenty‐seven patients were screened for the study. Sufficient data were available for 15 (56%) patients. Both subjective and objective assessments improved significantly.ConclusionsThis pilot study shows that it is possible to collect prospective voice quality data. There are both subjective and objective improvements in voice that persist to at least 2 years after radiotherapy. We propose the use of the methods described here to study voice outcomes in a lager cohort of patients treated with both surgery and radiotherapy. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Cervical osteomyelitis after placement of a self‐expanding plastic stent for palliation of dysphagia associated with chemoradiation‐induced esophageal strictures
Authors: Mullen Thomas D. , Sharma Anand K. , Varma Abhay K. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundEsophageal strictures are a common sequela of chemoradiation and/or surgery to the head and neck cancers and can lead to stenosis and significant dysphagia. Endoscopic dilation endoscopic and placement of self‐expanding stents are often to used relieve dysphagia symptoms. However, these stents are not without risks and complications.MethodsWe present a case of a 58‐year‐old man who had the rare complication of cervical osteomyelitis as a result of plastic esophageal stent placement for palliation of chemoradiation‐induced strictures.ResultsThe patient was successfully managed with immobilization of the cervical spine in a halo vest and appropriate antibiotics.ConclusionTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of cervical spine osteomyelitis after self‐expanding plastic stent (SEPS) placement for esophageal stricture. It was successfully treated with immobilization and antibiotic therapy. The treating physician should be aware of this rare complication to make an early diagnosis. Literature on esophageal stent‐induced cervical osteomyelitis is reviewed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Robotic facelift thyroidectomy: Facilitating remote access surgery
Authors: Terris David J. , Singer Michael C. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundA novel remote access robotic thyroidectomy technique has been described that uses as its portal a postauricular and occipital hairline (facelift) incision. Experimental investigation and clinical validation have been completed. A detailed technical description is provided.Methods and MaterialsA young woman with a thyroid nodule was referred for surgery. Because of her concerns about a visible neck scar, she opted for remote access thyroidectomy.ResultsA left robotic facelift thyroidectomy was performed in less than 2 hours as a drainless, outpatient procedure. Videographic demonstration of the robotic resection is included.ConclusionsA number of remote access thyroidectomy techniques have proliferated. We developed and described an intuitive approach that uses familiar dissection planes and avoids the need for breast incisions and crossing the clavicle. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Learning‐dependent plasticity of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neuron postburst afterhyperpolarizations and increased excitability after inhibitory avoidance learning depend upon basolateral amygdala inputs
Authors: Farmer George E. , Thompson Lucien T. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractHippocampal pyramidal neurons in vitro exhibit transient learning‐dependent reductions in the amplitude and duration of calcium‐dependent postburst afterhyperpolarizations (AHPs), accompanied by other increases in excitability (i.e., increased firing rate, or reduced spike‐frequency accommodation) after trace eyeblink conditioning or spatial learning, with a time‐course appropriate to support consolidation of the learned tasks. Both these tasks require multiple days of training for acquisition. The hippocampus also plays a role in acquisition of single trial inhibitory avoidance learning. The current study assessed AHP plasticity in this single‐trial learning task using in vitro tissue slices prepared at varying intervals posttrial using intracellular current‐clamp recordings. Reduced AHPs and reduced accommodation were seen in ventral CA1 pyramidal neurons within 1 h posttraining, plasticity which persisted 24 h but was extinguished >72 h posttrial. There was also a reduction in ventral CA1 AHPs and accommodation 1 h following simple exposure to the IA apparatus (a novel context) but this change was extinguished by 24 h postexposure. Reductions in AHPs and accommodation were also seen in dorsal CA1 pyramidal neurons, but were delayed until 24 h posttrial and extinguished at >72 h posttrial. Finally, transient inactivation of the basolateral complex of the amygdala (with the local anesthetics lidocaine or bupivacaine) either immediately before or immediately posttrial blocked both learning and learning‐dependent changes in excitability in the hippocampus assessed 24 h posttrial. CA3 pyramidal neurons showed no reductions in AHP peak amplitude or accommodation following IA training or context exposure. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Whose Job Is Job Placement?
Authors: Odell Charles E. , Pritchard David H. , Sinick Daniel 
Published: February 2012

Thh locus of responsibility, the role of societal agencies, and placement as part of career development are among dimensions discussed in a dialogue between Charles E. Odell, Assistant to Executive Director, Bureau of Employment Security, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, and David H. Pritchard, Education Program Specialist (Research), U.S. Office ofEducation, Washington, D.C., moderated by Daniel Sinick, Professor of Education, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., and editor of The Vocational Guidance Quarterly. (Note: The views expressed herein are those of the authors and not necessarily those of their employing institutions.)
Characterization of broadband fiber optic line detectors for photoacoustic tomography
Authors: Berer Thomas , Veres Istvan A. , Grün Hubert , Bauer‐Marschallinger Johannes , Felbermayer Karoline , Burgholzer Peter 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe frequency response of fiber optic line detectors is investigated in the presented paper. An analytical model based on oblique scattering of elastic waves is used to calculate the frequency dependent acousto‐optical transfer functions of bare glass optical and polymer optical fibers. From the transfer functions the transient response of fibers detectors to photoacoustically excited spherical sources is derived. Photoacoustic tomography is simulated by calculating the temporal response of arrays of fiber optic line detectors and subsequent image reconstruction. The results show that the choice of the fiber material is of significant importance and influences the quality of imaging. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Plasma phosphatidylcholine concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids are differentially associated with hip bone mineral density and hip fracture in older adults: The framingham osteoporosis study
Authors: Farina Emily K , Kiel Douglas P , Roubenoff Ronenn , Schaefer Ernst J , Cupples L Adrienne , Tucker Katherine L 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may influence bone health. The objective of this work was to examine associations between plasma phosphatidylcholine (PC) PUFA concentrations and hip measures: (1) femoral neck bone mineral density (FN-BMD) (n = 765); (2) 4-year change in FN-BMD (n = 556); and (3) hip fracture risk (n = 765) over 17-year follow-up among older adults in the Framingham Osteoporosis Study. BMD measures were regressed on quintile of plasma PC PUFAs (docosahexaenoic acid [DHA], linoleic acid [LA], and arachidonic acid [AA]), adjusted for covariates. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for hip fracture were estimated by quintile of plasma PC PUFAs, adjusted for covariates. Higher concentrations of PC DHA were associated with loss of FN-BMD over 4 years in women (p-trend = 0.04), but was protective in men in the uppermost quintile compared to men grouped in the lower four quintiles, in post hoc analysis (p = 0.01). PC LA concentrations were inversely associated with baseline FN-BMD in women (p-trend = 0.02), and increased hip fracture risk in women and men (p-trend = 0.05), but body mass index (BMI) adjustment attenuated these associations (p-trend = 0.12 and p-trend = 0.14, respectively). A trend toward a protective association was observed between PC AA and baseline FN-BMD in men (p-trend = 0.06). Women and men with the highest PC AA concentrations had 51% lower hip fracture risk than those with the lowest (HR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.24–1.00). Opposing effects of PC DHA on FN-BMD loss observed in women and men need further clarification. Bone loss associated with PC LA may be confounded by BMI. High PC AA concentrations may be associated with reduced hip fracture risk. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Anaerobic treatment of wastewater from used industrial oil recovery
Authors: Garcia‐Mancha Nuria , Puyol Daniel , Monsalvo Victor M. , Rajhi Hayfa , Mohedano Angel F. , Rodriguez Juan J. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: This work is focused on the anaerobic biodegradation of wastewater from used industrial oils (UIO) recovery using a bench‐scale expanded granular sludge bed reactor (EGSB) at room temperature.RESULTS: Biodegradability tests showed that this wastewater can be partially biodegraded under anaerobic conditions at mesophilic temperature. Low concentrations of wastewater caused an incremented specific activity of the acetoclastic and the hydrogenotrophic methanogens. Anaerobic biodegradation at room temperature is feasible at organic loading rates (OLR) lower than 5.5 g COD L−1 d−1. A further increase of the OLR to around 10 g COD L−1 d−1 had a detrimental effect on the system performance, making it necessary to work at mesophilic conditions.CONCLUSION: Anaerobic treatment using an EGSB reactor is a feasible option for treating UIO wastewater. Long‐term treatment caused a specialization of the granular sludge, modifying substantially its microbial composition. Methane production was even stimulated by the addition of UIO wastewater at low concentrations. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Axonopus compressus (Sw.) P. Beauv. A native grass species for phytoremediation of hydrocarbon‐contaminated soil in Assam, India
Authors: Bordoloi Sabitry , Basumatary Budhadev , Saikia Rubul , Das Hamendra Chandra 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the suitability of Axonopus compressus for the removal of petroleum hydrocarbons from contaminated soil. An experiment was conducted with crude oil contaminated soil to evaluate the degradation of this crude oil in pots in the presence of A. compressus for 360 days. Study of the degradation of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH), its accumulation in roots and shoots, plant growth and biomass production and most probable number (MPN) was conducted at 60 day intervals.RESULT: In the presence of contaminants, plant biomass and height were significantly reduced. TPH was reduced by 70% in TA (fertilized soil) and 40% in TC (unfertilized soil). In the unvegetated pots, the reduction of TPH was 11% in TB (fertilized soil) and 9% in TD (unfertilized soil), which was attributed to microbial action and natural attenuation. Degradation was significantly greater in vegetated pots than in unvegetated pots (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: A. compressus enhanced biodegradation of crude oil in soil under the conditions of this experiment. The addition of fertilizer further enhanced the degradation process. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Exploring the linkage between the home domain and absence from work: Health, motivation, or both?
Authors: ten Brummelhuis Lieke L. , ter Hoeven Claartje L. , de Jong Menno D. T. , Peper Bram 
Published: February 2012

SummaryThe aim of this study was twofold. First, we examined depleting and enriching effects of employees' home domain (home demands and quality time spent at home) on unscheduled absence from work. Second, we tested the assumption of the medical and withdrawal models that absence duration and frequency are uniquely predicted by respectively health condition and job motivation. We used longitudinal, different‐source data from 1014 employees. The results showed that home quality time was negatively related to absence frequency and duration in the following year through a physical pathway (less physical stress symptoms and health complaints) and through a psychological pathway (less psychological stress symptoms, increased job motivation). Employees with heavy home demands reported more physical and psychological stress symptoms, more health complaints, and lower job motivation. Accordingly, they had longer and more frequent sick leaves in the consecutive year. We conclude that the home domain adds to our understanding of absence from work. In addition, the model including cross pathways between health complaints and job motivation on the one hand, and absence frequency and duration on the other, best fitted the data. Thus, a clear distinction between volitional absence (frequency) and absence due to illness (duration) seems hard to justify. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tribological properties of grey cast iron lubricated using organic compounds containing Mo and ZnDTP additives
Authors: Feng Xin , Xia Yanqiu , Sasaki Shinya , Murakami Takashi 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTThe lubricating effectiveness of organic compounds containing Mo and ZnDTP in different ratios in poly‐alpha‐olefin (PAO) was investigated using an Optimol SRV‐IV (Optimol Instruments, Munich, Germany) reciprocating friction and wear tester. The morphologies of the worn surfaces were observed using a scanning electron microscope with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The chemical states of several typical elements on the worn surfaces of grey cast iron discs were examined by means of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results indicated that the grey cast iron discs exhibited different friction‐reducing and wear‐resistance capabilities when lubricated with PAO containing MoDTP and ZnDTP additives in different ratios. The lowest frication coefficient is only 0.072. XPS analyses indicated that ZnDTP + MoDTP and ZnDTP + MoDTC formed different chemical products. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of polyol from the seed oil of Lonchocarpus cyanescens as potential lubricant
Authors: Adewuyi Adewale , Oderinde Rotimi A. , Rao B.V.S.K. , Prasad R.B.N. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTPolyol was synthesised from the seed oil of Lonchocarpus cyanescens by epoxy ring opening reaction with 2‐ethylhexanol. The structural characterization was confirmed using Fourier Transform Infrared and Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1HNMR). Linolenic (C18:3) and oleic (C18:1) acids are the dominant fatty acids in the seed oil of L cyanescens with an iodine value of 170.46 ± 1.00 g 100 g−1. The finding of this study showed that the seed oil of L cyanescens can be used to synthesise polyol, which can be used as a starting material for lubricant. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Early detection of lung inflammation: Exploiting T1‐effects of iron oxide particles using UTE MRI
Authors: Strobel Klaus , Hoerr Verena , Schmid Florian , Wachsmuth Lydia , Löffler Bettina , Faber Cornelius 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAt high magnetic fields diagnostic proton MRI of the lung is problematic, because of fast T relaxation. The application of superparamagnetic contrast agents and the exploitation of the corresponding T effect is inefficient with conventional MRI methods, which limits the early detection of lung diseases. However, a simple theoretical treatment shows that in the lung, by the use of ultra‐short echo time sequences, T effects can be neglected while T1 shortening effects can be used for signal detection. In our study, we have applied a theoretically and experimentally optimized 3D ultra‐short echo time sequence to lung phantoms and to a mouse model of lung inflammation, which was induced by systemic bacterial infection. Following the systemic application of very small superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, a significant signal increase in the lung of infected animals was detected already at 24 h postinfection, compared to control mice (17%, P < 0.001). Iron accumulation in the lung parenchyma as consequence of the host immune response was histologically confirmed. By conventional T‐ and T2‐weighted imaging, neither structural changes nor formation of substantial edema were observed. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Estimating electromyographic and heart rate fatigue thresholds from a single treadmill test
Authors: Guffey Darren R. , Gervasi Bruno J. , Maes Alex A. , Malek Moh H. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIntroduction: The purposes of this study were to (1) develop a fatigue threshold based on electromyography (EMG) and heart rate (HR) responses for treadmill running from a single incremental test; and (2) propose a new fatigue threshold called the RVEMGFT and RVHRFT. Methods: Eleven men performed incremental treadmill exercise to exhaustion on a single occasion. The RVEMGFT and RVHRFT were defined as the average of the highest velocity that resulted in a nonsignificant slope coefficient for the EMG amplitude versus time relationship and the lowest velocity that resulted in a significant positive slope coefficient. Results: There was a significant (P < 0.05) difference between the 2 thresholds [RVEMGFT = 11.7 ± 0.6 km/h and RVHRFT = 8.3 ± 0.8 km/h]. Conclusions: The fatigue threshold for EMG amplitude and heart rate can be determined from a single incremental treadmill test, but there are differences between cardiac and neuromuscular factors of fatigue. Muscle Nerve 46: 577–581, 2012