bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatially variable stage‐driven groundwater‐surface water interaction inferred from time‐frequency analysis of distributed temperature sensing data
Authors: Mwakanyamale Kisa , Slater Lee , Day‐Lewis Frederick , Elwaseif Mehrez , Johnson Carole 
Published: February 2012

Characterization of groundwater‐surface water exchange is essential for improving understanding of contaminant transport between aquifers and rivers. Fiber‐optic distributed temperature sensing (FODTS) provides rich spatiotemporal datasets for quantitative and qualitative analysis of groundwater‐surface water exchange. We demonstrate how time‐frequency analysis of FODTS and synchronous river stage time series from the Columbia River adjacent to the Hanford 300‐Area, Richland, Washington, provides spatial information on the strength of stage‐driven exchange of uranium contaminated groundwater in response to subsurface heterogeneity. Although used in previous studies, the stage‐temperature correlation coefficient proved an unreliable indicator of the stage‐driven forcing on groundwater discharge in the presence of other factors influencing river water temperature. In contrast, S‐transform analysis of the stage and FODTS data definitively identifies the spatial distribution of discharge zones and provided information on the dominant forcing periods (≥2 d) of the complex dam operations driving stage fluctuations and hence groundwater‐surface water exchange at the 300‐Area.
Mining PubMed for Biomarker-Disease Associations to Guide Discovery
Authors: Jessen Walter , Landschulz Katherine , Turi Thomas , Reams Rachel 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBiomedical knowledge is growing exponentially; however, meta-knowledge around the data is often lacking. PubMed is a database comprising more than 21 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE and additional life science journals dating back to the 1950s. To explore the use and frequency of biomarkers across human disease, we mined PubMed for biomarker-disease associations. We then ranked the top 100 linked diseases by relevance and mapped them to medical subject headings (MeSH) and, subsequently, to the Disease Ontology. To identify biomarkers for each disease, we queried Covance BioPathways, an online data resource that maps commercial biomarker assays to biological and disease pathways. We then integrated pathways-based information to describe both known and potential biomarkers as well as disease-associated genes/proteins for select diseases. This approach identifies therapeutic areas with candidate or validated biomarkers, and highlights those areas where a paucity of biomarkers exists.
Surface plasmon polaritons: physics and applications
Authors: Zhang Junxi , Zhang Lide , Xu Wei 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are electromagnetic excitations existing at the interface between a metal and a dielectric material. Remarkable progress has been made in the field of SPPs in recent years. Control and manipulation of light using SPPs on the nanometre scale exhibit significant advantages in nanophotonics devices with very small elements, and SPPs open a promising way in areas involving environment, energy, biology and medicine. This paper presents an overview of current research activities on SPPs, including fundamental physics and applications. We first discuss the excitation of SPPs based on the SPP dispersion relation, coupling to SPPs by momentum matching between photons and SPPs, and propagation behaviour of SPPs. Based on the physical mechanism and the peculiar properties of SPPs, we demonstrate the major applications of SPPs, such as waveguides, sources, near-field optics, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, data storage, solar cells, chemical sensors and biosensors.
Performance of a surface dielectric barrier discharge based reactor for destruction of naphthalene in an air stream
Authors: Abdelaziz Ayman A , Seto Takafumi , Abdel-Salam M , Otani Yoshio 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
A surface dielectric barrier discharge reactor is used to investigate the destruction of naphthalene, as an example of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compound, in an air stream. The characteristics of the reactor including the current–voltage and the power consumed are examined to evaluate its effectiveness in destroying naphthalene. The effects of different operational parameters including applied voltage, frequency, flow rate and initial concentration of naphthalene on the destruction process are studied. The results indicated that the destruction efficiency decreases with increasing flow rate and increases with an increase in the applied voltage and frequency. Although the destruction efficiency is independent of the initial concentration, the energy efficiency is increased with increasing initial concentration. The study shows that naphthalene is totally destroyed in the reactor, but not completely transformed to CO and CO2. Ozone generated as a byproduct in the reactor did not play a role in the destruction process.
Dynamic colour and utilizable white fluorescence from Eu/Tb ions codoped lithium-yttrium-aluminium-silicate glasses
Authors: Shen Lifan , Liu Xiao , Chen Baojie , Pun Edwin Yue Bun , Lin Hai 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
A group of dynamic-colour white fluorescences with various colour temperatures that can be applied to circadian lighting are achieved in Eu/Tb-codoped lithium-yttrium-aluminium-silicate (LYAS) glasses, which can be attributed to the simultaneous generation of three primary colours emitting from Eu3+ (red), Eu2+ (blue) and Tb3+ (green) by varying the ultraviolet (UV) radiation wavelength. Fluorescence colour coordinates pass through the whole white region of the CIE x, y chromaticity diagram when the UV excitation wavelength is increased from 300 to 370 nm. A favourable white light with colour coordinates (0.338, 0.298) close to the equal energy white is obtained under 360 nm excitation. These results indicate that the Eu/Tb-codoped LYAS glasses are a promising candidate to develop white lighting devices under the excitation of commercial UV light-emitting diodes, and a smart lighting system based on rare-earth doped glasses will be a potential illumination source offering controllability of the colour temperature that can adjust to specific environments and requirements, and benefit human health, well-being and productivity.
Safe high‐pressure freezing of infectious micro‐organisms
Authors: VANHECKE D. , ZUBER B. , BRUGGER S. D. , STUDER D. 
Published: February 2012

SummaryWe describe how high‐pressure freezing of infectious biological material can safely be accomplished with the help of membrane carriers. The method described is easy to perform; however, careful manipulations are required. Existing safety regulations must still be followed. However, the procedure reduces the risk of dissemination of infectious material.
Combined Effect of Zinc and Cadmium Levels on Root Antioxidative Responses in Three Different Zinc‐Efficient Wheat Genotypes
Authors: Sanaeiostovar A. , Khoshgoftarmanesh A. H. , Shariatmadari H. , Afyuni M. , Schulin R. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis work was undertaken to investigate the effect of zinc (Zn) nutrition on root antioxidative responses to cadmium (Cd) toxicity of three wheat genotypes differing in Zn efficiency. A hydroponic experiment was carried out in which two bread wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L. cvs. ‘Rushan’ and ‘Cross’) and one durum wheat genotype (Triticum durum L. cv. Durum) were exposed to three Zn2+ (10−11.11, 10−9.11 and 10−8.81 μm) and two Cd2+ (10−11.21 and 10−10.2 μm) activity levels. ‘Durum’ showed the highest root sulfhydryl (‐SH) groups content and activity of catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the lowest root membrane permeability among the studied wheat genotypes. In ‘Durum’, Zn nutrition increased root ‐SH groups concentration of seedlings in Cd‐free nutrient solution. In ‘Cross’, as Zn2+ activity increased from 10−11.11 to 10−9.11 μm, root ‐SH groups concentration was increased while decreased with increasing Zn2+ to 10−8.81 μm. Cadmium increased root membrane permeability at both 10−11.11 and 10−9.11 μm Zn2+ levels. Activity of CAT and APX increased in roots of ‘Durum’ plants exposed to Cd at Zn2+ = 10−9.11 μm and thereafter decreased with increasing Zn2+ activity. In contrast, CAT and APX activity in roots of ‘Cross’ and ‘Rushan’ genotypes exposed to Cd decreased by increasing Zn activity to 10−9.11 μm and then increased at Zn2+ = 10−8.81μm. The results showed an increase in activities of antioxidative enzymes in Cd‐treated plants, although this increase was dependent on the crop genotype and Zn levels in the media.
Linguistic transfer in bilingual children with specific language impairment
Authors: Verhoeven Ludo , Steenge Judit , van Balkom Hans 
Published: February 2012

Abstract  Background: In the literature so far the limited research on specific language impairment (SLI) in bilingual children has concentrated on linguistic skills in the first language (L1) and/or the second language (L2) without paying attention to the relations between the two types of skills and to the issue of linguistic transfer.Aims: To examine the first and second language proficiency of 75 Turkish–Dutch bilingual children with SLI in the age range between 7 and 11 years living in the Netherlands. A multidimensional perspective on language proficiency was taken in order to assess children's Turkish and Dutch proficiency levels, whereas equivalent tests were used in order to determine language dominance. A second aim was to find out to what extent the children's proficiency in L2 can be predicted from their L1 proficiency, while taking into account their general cognitive abilities.Methods & Procedures: The children's performance on a battery of equivalent language ability tests in Turkish and Dutch was compared at three age levels. By means of analyses of variance, it was explored to what extent the factors of language and grade level as well as their interactions were significant. Bivariate correlations and partial correlations with age level partialled out were computed to examine the relationships between L1 and L2 proficiency levels. Moreover, regression analysis was conducted to find out to what extent the variance in general L2 proficiency levels could be explained by children's L1 proficiency, short‐term memory and non‐verbal intelligence.Outcomes & Results: Repeated measures analyses showed that the children had generally higher scores on L1 as compared with L2 and that with progression of age the children's scores in L1 and L2 improved. Medium to high correlations were found between phonological memory, phonological awareness, grammatical skills and story comprehension in the two languages. Regression analysis revealed that children's L2 proficiency levels could be explained by their proficiency levels in L1, even after controlling for children's non‐verbal intelligence and working memory.Conclusions & Implications: It is concluded that children's formal linguistic skills in L1 and L2 tend to be related and that their level of L1 proficiency may help to develop linguistic skills in L2.
The Autonomy of Morality from Religion. The End of Religion and of Relativism. Howard Mounce on Peter Winch
Authors: Pinzauti Piero 
Published: February 2012

AbstractMy aim is to defend Winch's view that morality must be autonomous from religion. I defend him from Mounce's criticism, who claims that unless morality is supported by divine law, moral relativism cannot be avoided. Winch considers the Samaritan's behaviour and says (i) that the background of divine law is irrelevant to the parable; (ii) that we do not need divine law to understand the Samaritan's impossibility to ignore the victim; (iii) and that the absolute moral ought requires no external support provided by religion. Winch adds that God cannot make any moral demand on humans, and thus He cannot reward them with salvation or punish them, without turning Himself into a means of moral corruption. All this spells the end of religion at least as far as the relation between God and man's moral and spiritual life is concerned; while relativism is shown to be morally corrupt and internally inconsistent.
Measuring International Trade Costs
Authors: Sourdin Patricia , Pomfret Richard 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe costs of international trade have become an increasingly important item in trade negotiations (under the heading ‘trade facilitation’) and element of trade theory, but definition and measurement of trade costs remain in their infancy. This paper argues that the most conceptually appropriate measure is the gap between cost‐insurance‐freight (cif) and free‐on‐board (fob) values of traded goods, but that this must be measured on a consistent volume of trade. Such data are only available for a few countries. We calculate cif–fob gap values for the three largest trading nations that report such data (Australia, Brazil and the USA). These values provide plausible estimates of ad valorem trade costs for the three importing countries and for all countries’ exports. The estimates indicate that although trade costs have fallen over the last two decades, average trade costs now exceed the average tariff rate on imports into the USA and Australia. Country rankings by the cif–fob gap values differ significantly from those by commonly used proxies for trade costs, such as the indicators of time and cost in the World Bank’s Doing Business database, and analysis based on such proxies is likely to produce misleading results.
A Modified Provisional Stenting Approach to Coronary Bifurcation Lesions: Clinical Application of the “Jailed‐Balloon Technique”
Authors: SINGH JASVINDAR , PATEL YOGESH , DEPTA JEREMIAH P. , MATHEWS SANTHOSH J. , CYRUS TILLMANN , ZAJARIAS ALAN , KURZ HOWARD I. , LASALA JOHN M. , BACH RICHARD G. 
Published: February 2012

Objectives:

To demonstrate the application of a novel provisional side branch (SB) stenting strategy for coronary bifurcation lesions using a “jailed‐balloon” technique (JBT).
Background:

Adverse cardiac events are higher for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of bifurcation lesions. Recent studies support the use of provisional SB stenting, but a risk of SB closure and a higher rate of target lesion revascularization (TLR) remain important limitations.
Methods:

From December 2007 to August 2010, 100 patients with 102 bifurcation lesions underwent PCI using the JBT. Baseline and postprocedural quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) analysis were performed. Procedural and immediate clinical outcomes were reviewed.
Results:

The majority of patients presented with acute coronary syndrome (68%) and had Medina class 1,1,1 bifurcation lesions (91%). TIMI 3 flow was established in 100% of main branch and 99% of SB lesions. QCA revealed preservation of the bifurcation angle after PCI (pre‐PCI: 59.6 ± 30.0; post‐PCI: 63.3 ± 26.8, P = 0.41). Nine patients (9%) had lesions that required rewiring and two patients (2%) required provisional stenting of the SB. SB loss occurred in one patient (1%). The jailed‐balloon or wire was not entrapped during any PCI. One patient (1%) suffered a periprocedural myocardial infarction (MI).
Conclusions:

Provisional stenting of complex coronary bifurcation lesions using a JBT is associated with a high procedural success rate, improved SB patency, and a low rate of immediate cardiac events. Further study is warranted to evaluate the role of JBT in improving long‐term clinical outcomes in PCI of complex bifurcation lesions. (J Interven Cardiol 2012;25:289–296)
EPG waveform characteristics of solenopsis mealybug stylet penetration on cotton
Authors: Huang Fang , Tjallingii W. Freddy , Zhang Pengjun , Zhang Jinming , Lu Yaobin , Lin Jintian 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe solenopsis mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), is a polyphagous insect known to cause severe damage to cotton (especially transgenic varieties) in South Asia, and currently poses a serious threat in Asia and potentially elsewhere. Stylet penetration behavior of P. solenopsis on cotton was monitored using the electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique (DC system) and the EPG characteristics were compared with those previously published from Phenacoccus manihoti Matile‐Ferrero and Planococcus citri (Risso). We identified and further characterized typical waveforms of A, B, C, and pd (together pathway), E1 and E2 (phloem), F (derailed stylet mechanics), and G (xylem). Five novel EPG aspects were distinguished in the EPG waveforms from P. solenopsis: (1) obvious B waveforms occurred following waveform A, (2) during waveform C, some aphid‐like E1e waveforms were observed, (3) prolonged potential drops (pd) up to >1 h occurred with two continuously alternating sub‐phases pd1 and pd2, (4) the pd1 waveform always occurred as the first waveform related to phloem sieve elements, preceding the other phloem waveforms (E), the labeling of which we changed to achieve a better comparison to the aphid E waveforms, and (5) waveform F, related to derailed stylet mechanics occurred but was not reported from other mealybugs so far. This is mainly a waveform morphology study to extend existing knowledge on mealybug EPGs to investigate mealybug‐host plant interactions. Further experimental verification of waveform correlations with plant tissue positions of stylet tips and insect activities is still needed.
Dealing with misclassification and missing data when estimating prevalence and incidence of caries experience
Authors: Mutsvari Timothy , García‐Zattera María J. , Declerck Dominique , Lesaffre Emmanuel 
Published: February 2012

Mutsvari T, García‐Zattera MJ, Declerck D, Lesaffre E. Dealing with misclassification and missing data when estimating prevalence and incidence of caries experience. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2012; 40 (Suppl. 1): 28–35. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S
Abstract –
Objectives:  The aim of this research was to estimate the prevalence and incidence of caries experience (CE) in first permanent molars while dealing with misclassification and missing of data.
Methods:  CE was modeled as a Hidden Markov Model in which the response variable is subject to misclassification and missingness. The proposed analysis extends that of García‐Zattera et al. (Stat Med 2010;29:3103) by allowing for various patterns of missing data. Findings were illustrated using data from the Signal Tandmobiel® study that is a longitudinal oral health intervention study.
Results:  Differences in the parameter estimates were noted between models that take into account misclassification and missing data and those that do not. Unbiased parameter estimates of prevalence and incidence were obtained without the use of validation data. Models that include subjects with missing data have smaller standard deviations than models that do not.
Conclusions:  It is important to account for misclassification to obtain less biased estimates of prevalence and incidence. For a proper estimation of prevalence and incidence in a longitudinal study subject to misclassification, validation data are not needed but when internal they can increase the efficiency in estimating the model. Also, including subjects with missing data increases the efficiency of estimating the parameters.
FOCUSED CLINICAL CAMPAIGN IMPROVES MINERAL AND BONE DISORDER OUTCOMES
Authors: Benner Debbie , Nissenson Allen R. , Wyck David Van 
Published: February 2012

SUMMARYAs with other disease states, mineral and bone disorder (MBD) management is challenging and may benefit from more systematic management. To evaluate the effectiveness of a focused campaign to improve MBD outcomes, we compared the percentage of patients meeting 2003 Kidney Dialysis Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI)‐recommended MBD targets between baseline and 18 months after programme initiation. The four components of the clinical campaign were: (1) a set of grids allowing simultaneous evaluation of MBD test results, (2) a weighted, facility‐level cumulative scoring system representing percent of patients within KDOQI‐recommended MBD targets, (3) team involvement and (4) patient education. Eighteen months after programme initiation, the percent of patients simultaneously meeting all 2003 KDOQI targets increased 7% and the percent meeting calcium and phosphorus targets increased 24% and 8%, respectively. These findings suggest that a coordinated clinical campaign with effective tools, outcome tracking and sharing and team involvement is an effective strategy to improve MBD outcomes.
ADHERING TO BEHAVIOUR CHANGE IN OLDER PRE‐DIALYSIS POPULATIONS—WHAT DO PATIENTS THINK? A QUALITATIVE STUDY
Authors: Walker Rebecca , James Hayley , Burns Aine 
Published: February 2012

SUMMARYBackground: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is associated with the development of serious co‐morbidities. Patients with CKD are encouraged to adhere to regimens to lower this risk. This study aimed to explore the experiences of patients attempting to integrate lifestyle changes into their lives.Method: Face‐to‐face recorded interviews were conducted with nine consenting patients with CKD Stage 4 under the care of a consultant nephrologist. Each recording was analysed by two independent investigators using thematic analysis.Results: Five themes emerged: Self in relation to others, Control, Adherence, Beliefs about treatment and illness and Uncertainty. Participants highlighted the importance of personal support and recounted their sense of being a burden on close family. They described how they approached disclosure about their condition, their beliefs regarding treatment and their decision making processes and how these factors impacted on adherence to behaviour change.Conclusion: Practical support from family and healthcare professionals, a willingness to disclose their condition and help to make good decisions in difficult circumstances were identified as important factors in supporting success with behaviour change.
NUTRITIONAL MANAGEMENT OF STAGE 5 CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
Authors: Pasticci Franca , Fantuzzi Anna Laura , Pegoraro Marisa , McCann Margaret , Bedogni Giorgio 
Published: February 2012

SUMMARYNutrition is a critical issue in the management of patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD). Malnutrition is common among these patients and affects their survival and quality of life. A basic knowledge of the nutritional management of stage 5 CKD is essential for all members of the nephrology team to improve patient care. This paper demonstrates that the needs of haemodialysis patients are more complex than those receiving peritoneal dialysis.
Clinical and biologic prognostic factors in malignant pleural mesothelioma
Authors: Ambrogi Vincenzo , Mineo Tommaso Claudio ,   for the Multidisciplinary Tor Vergata University Study Group for Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
Published: February 2012

AbstractMalignant pleural mesothelioma is an extremely aggressive neoplasm of the pleura mainly attributable to asbestos exposure. Conventional medical, physical, and surgical treatments and their combinations are basically ineffective and just a few subjects experience some benefit. No definite guidelines can be provided in patient selection and therapeutic strategies. Currently, malignant pleural mesothelioma therapy is guided by clinical stage and patient characteristics, which are quite unreliable, rather than by the histological or molecular features of the tumor. In the present review the impact on prognosis of classic (i.e. etiology, age, gender, histology, staging), as well as relatively new clinical factors such as quality of life, positron emission tomography assessment, and occult residual disease, are firstly evaluated. In the second section of the review several biological variables and genetic markers, which have been recently recognized as the bases of the disease onset and development, are listed and discussed. There are serum and tissue markers. The latter are mainly related to cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, and growth factor pathways. These novel factors may play an important role in defining the prognosis of the disease and, subsequently, may have a place in addressing therapy.