bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of chicken plasma alkaline phosphatase isozymes by urea and heat treatments
Authors: Tamaki Yoshinori , Morichi Toshiki 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe effects of urea and heat treatments on electrophoretic pattern and activity were investigated in chicken plasma alkaline phosphatase (AP). The B band, which had a slower migrating rate to the F or S band irrespective of isozyme types, was labile to urea (4M) and heat treatments (60 oC, 10 min), while the F and S bands were stable to the same treatments. From these results, the genetic control of the three chicken plasma AP isozymes, i.e., F, S and B bands, was discussed.The total AP activity of the F or S type was little affected by urea treatment in spite of the unstableness of the B band. It is considered that the B band inactivated by urea restores the activity when the urea concentration was reduced. The AP activity was reduced by the heat treatment. The reduction may be primarily due to the loss of the activity of the B band.
Immunogenetic studies of rhesus monkeys. 8. A new reagent of the G blood group system and an example of the founder principle
Authors: Sullivan P. T. , Blystad C. , Stone W. H. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryA new reagent called G‐3′ has been discovered which detects the product of the G3allele, regardless of the other G allele in the genotype. With this new reagent we can delineate nine of 10 genotypes of the G blood group system. The explicit detection of G3revealed an example of the founder principle in that the frequency of this allele between the feral and laboratory‐reared monkeys was significantly different.
Genetic markers in Herd wick sheep: no correlation with succeptibility or resistance to experimental scrapie
Authors: Collis Susan C. , Millson G. C. , Kimberlin R. H. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryGenetic markers were studied in Herdwick sheep, bred at Compton, with special reference to genetically selected lines which differ in susceptibility or resistance to experimentally produced scrapie. There were no correlations between susceptibility to the disease and albumin, pre‐albumin, esterase and haemoglobin phenotypes, and between reduced glutathione levels and α‐mannosidase isoenzymes, the latter possibly representing a previously undescribed genetic marker in sheep.
Presence of soluble SLA histocompatibility antigen in pig plasma
Authors: Chardon P. , Vaiman M. , Renard Ch. , Arnoux B. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe major histocompatibility antigens of the pigs (SLA 1 and SLA 15) were solubilized by papain and then iodinated according to Greenwood's chloramine T method. These antigen preparations were used in radioimmunoassays for the detection of soluble inhibitors in pig plasma. Specific soluble substances were demonstrated in addition to a certain amount of cross‐reactivity with other so far unidentified antigens.
Genetic variants of glucose phosphate isomerase (E.C. 5.3.1.9) in canine erythrocytes*
Authors: Tanabe Yuichi , Omi Tokiyoshi , Ota Katuaki 
Published: August 2010

SummaryGenetic polymorphism of glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) was found in the erythrocytes of dogs of six Japanese breeds by using starch gel electrophoresis. Analysis of parentage records of dogs revealed that the phenotypic variation of erythrocyte glucose phosphate isomerase was controlled by one autosomal locus with two codominant alleles, GPIAand GPIB. The allele GPIBwas observed in the following breeds: San'in‐Shiba, Shinshu‐Shiba, Shikoku, Kai and Kishu, but not in Hokkaidoes and Akitas. All the dogs belonging to 25 European breeds, 5 oriental or China‐origin (except Japan) breeds examined in this experiments had the genotype constitution GPIA/GPIA, whereas one Dalmation dog was heterozygous GPIA/GPIB.
Genetic polymorphism and isoenzyme patterns of lactate dehydrogenase in tench (Tinea tinea), crucian carp (Carassius carassius) and carp (Cyprinus carpio)
Authors: Valenta M. , Slechta V. , Šlechtová V. , Kálal L. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryIsoenzyme patterns and the polymorphism of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were investigated in 3 fish species of family Cyprinidae, i.e. tench (Tinea tinea), crucian carp (Carassius carassius) and carp (Cyprinus carpio). The isoenzyme patterns were tissue and species specific. In crucian carp subunits with different electro‐phoretic mobility are present, which are genetically controlled from the B1, B2, A1, A2and C loci, while the set of loci in carp is B1, B2, A, C1and C2and in tench B, A, C. The locus B of LDH in tench, the locus B2in crucian carp, and the loci B1, C1and C2in carp are polymorphic and have two different alleles in each case. The polymorphism did not affect the total LDH activity in the tissues. All the populations investigated were in Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium. The genetic control of the polymorphism in B1and C1loci in carp was proved by test matings. The polymorphism in B loci tested in erythrocytes may be utilized as genetic markers in the fish breeding.
Gene clusters in the blood group system B of cattle
Authors: Ruiterkamp W. A. , Spek C. M. , Bouw J. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryIn this report the linear order of genetic determinants for the blood group system B of cattle has been worked out in more detail. Two groups of antigenic specificities — inclusion groups — showing serologic relationship are described. Recombination frequencies do suggest that these specificities are controlled by two clusters of genetic determinants. The structures of these inclusion groups and clusters are compared with those of antigenic complexes in other species, especially in mice. Several similarities and also dissimilarities between the blood group system B of cattle and the H‐2 system in mice are described.
The major histocompatibility complex of sheep (OLA) and two minor loci
Authors: Millot P. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryAmong 11 lymphocyte factors defined in sheep, 9 are the products of multiple alleles at 2 closely linked loci: OLA‐A and OLA‐B. A tenth factor is the product of a gene at a third locus: OL‐X probably on the same chromosome, but in this case very distant from OLA. The last factor is the product of a gene at a fourth locus: OL‐Z, independent of OLA‐A and B.
Polymorphism of 14C vitamin D3 binding protein in cattle and water buffalo serum
Authors: Masina P. , Ramunno L. , Iannelli D. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryCattle and water buffalo sera labelled with vitamin D3[14C] (300 and 480 individual samples respectively) were subjected to starch gel electrophoresis followed by autoradiography in an attempt to identify a possible polymorphism of the proteins capable of binding this vitamin.Three phenotypes controlled by two codominant autosomal alleles were identified in cattle while in water buffalo six phenotypes controlled by three codominant autosomal alleles were observed.
Protein variation in the marine bivalve Scrobicularia plana
Authors: Skibinski D. O. F. , McNee A. R. , Beardmore J. A. 
Published: August 2010

SummarySeventeen enzyme loci have been assayed for electrophoretically detectable variation in a population of the marine bivalve Scrobicularia plana. Mean heterozygosity is 0.120 ± 0.033. In a comparison involving thirteen enzymes there is a significant correlation between heterozygosity in S. plana and Mytilus edulis and a suggestion of lower mean heterozygosity in S. plana. These findings are discussed in relation to current theories concerning the selective significance of protein variation.
Further studies on bovine serum amylase ‐ the effect of gel buffer pH
Authors: Archibald A. L. , Spooner R. L. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThis paper describes the effect of gel buffer pH on the resolution of bovine serum amylase (Amylase I) isozymes in starch gel and the consequences for the understanding of the genetics of this locus. The two main findings are: (1) the existence of a satellite isozyme E to isozyme C which at pH 7.3 has the same mobility as the B isozyme but which at pH 8.0 migrates slower than B, and (2) the finding of three alleles AmI A, AmI B and AmI C in British cattle populations previously reported as having only AmI B and AmI C.
Studies on the chemical nature of the lipidic J blood‐group substance of cattle
Authors: Thiele Otto Wolfgang , Oulevey Jacques , Hennemuth Kurt , Koch Johannes 
Published: August 2010

SummaryTotal lipids extracted from J‐positive cattle serum, erythrocytes or spleen exhibit J blood‐group activity. The J subsance is concentrated in a lipid fraction obtained by column chromatography. Following mild alkaline hydrolysis or reduction with complex hydrides (LiAlH4, LiBH4), the J activity remains detectable in this lipid fraction even though all acyl ester groups have been destroyed as revealed by ester group determination. This disagrees with the suggestion that fatty acyl esters are essential for J activity. This was confirmed by experiments with a water‐soluble J‐active product prepared by ozone treatment of glycosphingolipids from bovine spleen. The results of these experiments are in favour of a glycosphingolipid containing an unusually lang oligosaccharide chain. Furthermore, it appears that the terminal moiety of the J determinant is not necessarily an N‐acetyl galactos‐amine unit as suggested previously.
Genetic relationships between breeds of horses and ponies in the Netherlands
Authors: Blokhuis H. J. , Buis R. C. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryAn investigation on the genetic relationships between 12 horse and pony breeds was performed, using blood protein variants as genetic markers. The relationships were established by the use of 5 different numerical taxonomic methods, 4 of which yielded very similar results. The relationships as estimated were evaluated on the basis of the breeds' historical development.
Genetic tags applied to the European hake, Merluccius merluccius (L.)
Authors: Mangaly George , Jamieson Alan 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThree biochemical gene markers test the hypothesis that the European hake, Merluccius merluccius (L.), along the west European continental shelf are one race. The three polymorphic loci were serum transferrin (Tf), eye vitreous fluid butyric esterase (Es) and liver superoxide dismutase (Sod). Five transferrin alleles, three esterase alleles and two superoxide dismutase alleles were identified. Heterogeneity tests on genotype frequency distribution for twelve areas ranging from Norway to Biscay revealed no significant variation. The results using these genetic tags are consistent with the unit race hypothesis for hake throughout the sea areas sampled.
Biochemical genetic comparison of the Chinese and European races of the common carp
Authors: Brody T. , Kirsht D. , Parag G. , Wohlfarth G. , Hulata G. , Moav R. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryAn electrophoretic survey of the common carp revealed 33 loci. Nine were found to be polymorphic including two phosphoglucose isomerase loci, a phosphoglucomutase locus, three esterase loci, a lactate dehydrogenase locus, a malate dehydrogenase locus, and transferrin. Five of these polymorphic loci are reported for the first time, the two phosphoglucose isomerase loci, a phosphoglucomutase locus and two of the three esterase loci. Differences in allele frequencies between the European and Chinese races were found at most loci.
Polymorphism of the serum proteins of wild pigs
Authors: Skladanowski Elżbieta , Żurkowski Maciej , Wiatroszak Ignacy , Filipiak Wieslaw 
Published: August 2010

SummaryOne hunderd and ninety five wild pigs from two different regions of Poland were investigated for transferrin, amylase and ceruloplasmin polymorphism. A new transferrin phenotype Tf PB was detected. This phenotype differed from Tf AB in the electrophoretic mobility of the more anodal transferrin. Tf P is assumed to be the product of a new allele Tf P at the Tf locus. Two amylase phenotypes Am 1–2 and Am 2 were observed. The Am 1 allele was absent from the pigs in the Poznan region. Only one ceruloplasmin phenotype, Cp B, was found.
Irregular transmissions in the acidic prealbumin (Pr) system of the horse
Authors: Braend M. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryDuring the routine parentage control of Norwegian Trotter horses with 10 000 parent offspring combinations two irregular transmissions of Pr alleles were found. The allele products were provisionally named D1 and D2. They appeared in two stallions which were typed as D1I and D2N respectively. The first stallion transmitted PrD2 to seven out of 10 offspring and the second stallion PrD2 to two of four offspring. Photographs of seven new Pr phenotypes are presented.
Protease inhibitor system in horses: classification and detection of a new allele
Authors: Pollitt C. C. , Bell K. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryA method of horizontal thin layer polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at acid pH has been developed for the separation of the prealbumins in equine plasma. Using this method, it has been possible to split the S allele into two, S1 and S2, bringing the total number of prealbumin alleles in Thoroughbred horses to eight. The gene frequencies of these eight alleles in Australian Thoroughbreds are presented. All eight prealbumin types exhibit antiprotease activity and therefore, it is suggested that the name prealbumin (Pr) should be abandoned in favour of protease inhibitor (Pi) although at this stage it is not known whether this incorporates the Pi1 and Pi2 described by Juneja et al. (1979).
The C system of cattle blood groups. 1. Additional factors in the system
Authors: Grosclaude F. , Alaux M. T. , Houlier G. , Guerin G. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryFour additional cattle blood group antigenic factors, provisionally termed Fl, F6, F10 and F15, were shown to belong to the C system. Factor Fl appears to be a linear subtype of C“(initially designated F2, or P1B1). It is suggested that future international nomenclature should adopt C”, and C“2 in place of Fl and C. No phenogroup was found to include C” together with C2 or C1, but a few phenogroups lack the three factors. Thus C1, C2 and C“do not form a closed system within the C system as concluded by Duniec et al. (1973). The effectiveness of the additional factors to uncover the genetic variability of the C system, and to translate phenotypes into genotypes is exemplified in the Charolais breed.
The C system of cattle blood groups. 2. Partial genetic map of the system
Authors: Guérin G. , Grosclaude F. , Houlier G. 
Published: August 2010

Summary20 cases of irregular inheritance of phenogroups in the C system of cattle blood groups were used to deduce a partial genetic map of this system, taking into consideration the 11 internationally recognized antigenic factors and the 4 additional factors recently described by Grosclaude et al. (1980). This partial map bears resemblance to that established by Bouw et al. (1974) in Dutch cattle.The operational length of the DNA sequence coding for the C system was estimated to be 0.3 centimorgan, a value which is approximately half of that obtained for the B system by Grosclaude et al. (1979). It is concluded that the phenogroups of the C system, like those of the B system, are controlled by a cluster of loci.
Water buffalo (Bubalus bubalus Arnee) allotypes: Identification of two specificities controlled by independent genes
Authors: Iannelli Domenico , Capparelli Rosanna 
Published: August 2010

SummaryTwo water buffalo allotypes (Bl and CI) are described, which are located on distinct low molecular weight molecules. Bl is common to water buffalo and cattle. These two markers are inherited in a simple Mendelian manner and controlled by two independent genes.
A previously described serum protein polymorphism in the rat identified as Gc (‘vitamin D‐binding protein’)
Authors: Bender Klaus , Cleve Hartwig , Gunther Eberhard 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe previously published serum protein polymorphisms Gl‐1 (Moutier, Toyama & Charrier, 1973) and tf (Bender & Gunther, 1978) are identical and represent genetic variation at the locus of the vitamin D‐binding arglobulin, also known as Gc or group‐specific component. The identity was established by comparative protein staining, by functional tests with ;4C‐vitamin D3, by immunological studies with specific anti‐Gc sera and by the strain distribution patterns. The Gc polymorphism in the rat may initiate interesting physiological and genetical studies.
Polymorphic serum prealbumin (Pa) of pig, identified as an a!‐protease inhibitor
Authors: Juneja R. Kumar , Gahne Bo 
Published: August 2010

SummaryPig serum proteins were analysed by horizontal polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, with a discontinuous buffer system (pH 9.0). A 12 % acrylamide concentration in the separation gel was used. Each of the two prealbumin (Pa) alleles gave rise to two closely migrating fractions. The polymorhic Pa was identified as an a,‐protease inhibitor as the Pa fractions inhibited the esterolytic activity of both bovine trypsin and chymotrypsin. Therefore, it has been proposed that the locus symbol for this prealbumin be changed to Pi‐1. The protease inhibitory spectra and electrophoretic mobility of the Pa (Pi‐1) fractions suggested that this protein was probably the same as the pig serum a,‐protease inhibitor described in some earlier studies and that it corresponds to human serum a,‐protease inhibitor (Pi).
Characterization of class II histocompatibility antigens in pigs
Authors: Chardon Patrick , Renard Christine , Vaiman Marcel 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe D region of the SLA complex in the pig has been studied by immunochemical and sequential immunoprecipitation techniques as well as the redistribution of membranous antigens (capping). The molecules identified by the anti‐la sera were solubilized by NP 40, purified on lectin and precipitated. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under dissociating conditions shows that these molecules are made up of two chains whose molecular weights are 32 000 and 26 000 daltons respectively. Sequential immunoprecipitation and capping experiments indicate that two distinct types of la molecules exist. At least a part of the nylon‐wood‐adherent lymphocyte population expresses both types of molecules.
Partial characterization of horse transferrin heterogeneity with respect to the atypical type, Tf C
Authors: Stratil A. , Glasnak V. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryIn starch gel electrophoresis of horse sera each transferrin variant is formed by a strong anodal band and a weaker cathodal band. An ‘atypical’ variant, Tf C, has two zones of about equal intensity. Family data show that Tf C is genetically controlled by an allele Tf C at the Tf locus. Frequencies of transferrin alleles in various horse breeds are also presented.After isolation and fractionation of individual transferrin variants (Tf O, Tf D, Tf C) on DEAE‐Sephad Summary ex, additional weak bands were detected. The two main zones of each variant were isolated in a pure state and treated with neuraminidase. In all three variants studied the electrophoretic mobility of the slower band (2a) was decreased in two steps, and the faster band (4b) in four steps. The mobilities of bands derived from the fast zone (4b) were slower than mobilities of corresponding bands derived from the slow zone (2a). These results suggest the presence of two sialic acid residues in the slow zone, and of four residues in the fast zone. Residual heterogeneity was independent of sialic acid.
Exclusion probabilities obtainable by biochemical polymorphisms in dogs
Authors: Gundel H. , Reetz I. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryGeneral formulae are given to calculate the exclusion probabilities in false paternity and parentage cases by means of gene loci with an arbitrary number of alleles whereas in paternity cases an arbitrary number of offspring per litter is considered additionally.By aid of these formulae and on the basis of the allele frequencies of four blood protein and enzyme systems the probabilities of excluding incorrect paternity and parentage are calculated in seven German dog breeds. The results are tabulated and discussed.It can be shown that the exclusion probability in false paternity cases increases distinctly with an increasing number of offspring per litter and its maximum is nearly attained if 5 offspring are examined. Therefore it is of value to consider entire litters in paternity controls in dogs.
Polymorphism of alkaline ribonuclease in the leucocytes of Black‐and‐White cattle
Authors: Walawski K. , Prusinowska I. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryStudies were carried out on the polymorphism of alkaline ribonuclease in Black‐and‐White cattle in the north‐eastern region of Poland. Leucocytes isolated from peripheral blood were used. Three phenotypes were defined, consisting of the combination of two alleles. The gene frequency was: q4= 0,7082, qB= 0,2918. In calves the frequency of allele RNA‐aseB and number of RNA‐aseA/ RNA ‐aseB heterozygotes were higher than in adult animals.
A polymorphic antigen displaying different molecular weights in sheep and cattle sera
Authors: De Benedictis Giovanna 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe polymorphic antigen Bl is present, exhibiting different molecular weights, in both sheep and cattle sera. The molecular weight of the antigen, purified from both sera by a specific immunoabsorbent, was analysed by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and calibrated gel filtration. Results indicate that only one subunit, 35 000 MW, forms cattle Bl while a further subunit, 60 000 MW, is present in sheep Bl. The antigen activity is localized on the 35 000 MW subunit, which appears to be the same in both species.
Further studies on bovine serum amylase. 2. Affinity electrophoresis
Authors: Archibald A. L. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe polymorphism of bovine serum amylase, which is controlled by the Ami locus, has previously only been demonstrated by starch gel electrophoresis. The addition of maltose to starch gels has been demonstrated to inhibit any subsequent separation of the Ami isozymes by starch gel electrophoresis. When electrophoresis was conducted in a support medium in the absence of starch no polymorphic variation was detected amongst samples from animals of different Ami phenotypes. The addition of starch to agarose gels has been shown to facilitate the subsequent detection of the Ami polymorphism by agarose/starch gel electrophoresis. The electrophoretic resolution of the Ami isozymes has been demonstrated to depend upon differences in affinity for starch rather than differences in net charge. The starch gel electrophoretic separation of the Ami isozymes is. therefore, another example of affinity electrophoresis. All the Ami amylases have been shown to share a common isoelectric point of pH 3.5.
Lymphocyte antigens in sheep
Authors: Stear M. J. , Spooner R. L. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThis paper describes the detection of 13 lymphocyte antigens in sheep. The results obtained from family studies are consistent with the hypothesis that at least 12 antigens are under the control of a single genetic system. The distribution of antigens in the population suggests that the system contains two loci. The 13 antigens were compared with those previously reported. Only one additional specificity was found.
Trends in heterozygosity in the process of producing inbred strains of Japanese quail
Authors: Maeda Y. , Hashiguchi T. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryTrends in heterozygosity in the process of producing inbred strains of Japanese quail were examined through the characterization of protein polymorphisms based on gene frequencies of 7 polymorphic loci. The average heterozygosity (Ho) at generation 1 was 0.472 and it decreased with increasing inbreeding coefficient (F) to 0.214 at generation 5 when F was 0.594. In all generations, the observed heterozygosities of the surviving families tended to be higher than those of the families that did not survive. The frequency of heterozygotes of the Es‐4 locus in surviving families was higher than that of the extinct families in each generation and the difference became conspisuous in generation 4. These results suggests that a heterozygote advantage of Es‐4 locus is revealed by inbreeding.