bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of a collagen matrix on early healing, aesthetics and patient morbidity in oral mucosal wounds – a randomized study in humans
Authors: Thoma Daniel S. , Sancho‐Puchades Manuel , Ettlin Dominik A. , Hämmerle Christoph H. F. , Jung Ronald E. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAimTo test whether a collagen matrix (CM) can improve early wound healing and aesthetics, and decrease wound sensitivity compared with spontaneous healing.MethodsIn 15 volunteers, 6‐mm punch biopsies were harvested at both palatal sites. ACMwas sutured in one site; the other one was left untreated (control). Measurements included the remaining defect area, the colour match to surrounding tissue and somatosensory parameters at various time‐points (pre‐operative, post‐operative, 4, 8, 15, 29 days).ResultsThe defect area decreased over time for both treatments. Re‐epithelization was completed in all subjects by day 15. The defect area was significantly smaller forCM(mean ± SD: 19.3 ± 3.4 mm2) compared with control (21.3 ± 3.3 mm2) at day 4 (p < 0.05), and at day 8 (CM: 11.7 ± 2.5 mm2; control: 13.6 ± 2.9 mm2;p < 0.01). The colour match was more favourable forCMat day 4, 8 and 29 (p > 0.05). Somatosensory measurements revealed slightly lower wound sensitivity at day 4 forCMcompared with control.ConclusionsThe use ofCMcan enhance wound healing compared with spontaneous healing during the first week. This was mainly documented by a faster re‐epithelization. Colour match and wound sensitivity measurements did not reach statistical significance betweenCMand control sites.
Comparison of the fracture resistance of simulated immature permanent teeth using various canal filling materials and fiber posts
Authors: Tanalp Jale , Dikbas Idil , Malkondu Özlem , Ersev Handan , Güngör Tufan , Bayırlı Gündüz 
Published: December 2011

Abstract –  Background:  The purpose of this study was to compare the fracture resistances of immature teeth treated with MTA along with root canal obturation methods using AH Plus, MetaSEAL, MTA Fillapex sealers + lateral compaction technique, and Unicore quartz fiber posts. Materials and methods:  Fifty single‐rooted maxillary anterior teeth were divided into five groups. The crowns were dissected and root canals were enlarged. #6 Peeso reamers were allowed to protrude 1 mm. beyond the apex to simulate immature teeth. The apical 4–5 mm of each tooth was filled using Angelus white MTA. The remaining portions of canals were obturated as follows: Group 1: No backfilling (control), Group 2: AH Plus + gutta‐percha, lateral compaction, Group 3: MetaSEAL + gutta‐percha, lateral compaction, Group 4: MTA Fillapex + gutta‐percha, lateral compaction, Group 5: UniCore Fiber posts luted using PermaFlo DC. The specimens were embedded into self‐curing acrylic poured into identical cylinders which were mounted on a jig providing a 45° angle. A compressive load increasing at 1 mm min−1 was applied and the maximum load at which fracture occurred was recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn’s multiple tests. Results:  The highest fracture resistance was obtained with Group 5 (Fiber posts) whereas Group 4 (MTA Fillapex) yielded the lowest values. The mean fracture resistance value of Group 2 (AH Plus) was significantly higher than Group 4 (MTA Fillapex) (P = 0.001). The mean fracture value of Group 5 (Fiber posts) was significantly higher than Group 2 (AH Plus), Group 3 (MetaSEAL), and Group 4 (MTA Fillapex) (P = 0.02, 0.004, and 0.0001, respectively). Conclusion:  Within the limitations of this study, UniCore quartz fiber posts provided the highest resistance. This methodology may specifically be advantageous for teeth with arrest of development at early stages, as these teeth are more susceptible to fracture owing to their excessively weak dentinal walls.
Low‐nutrient soils, pollination and plant diversity
Authors: Sinclair Steve J. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractQuestionWhy do some shrublands growing on low‐nutrient soils have such rich floras?LocationDiverse shrublands growing on low‐nutrient soils occur around the globe, with examples in the Cape region of Africa, in the Mediterranean basin and the south‐west of Australia.MethodsThis Forum paper discusses and evaluates an hypothesis against the evidence in previously available (but hitherto separated) publications.ResultsLow‐nutrient soils create an effective excess of carbon. This makes the production of carbon‐based floral rewards relatively cheap. Cheap rewards encourage the use of animal pollinators and this may lead to the generation and maintenance of elevated species‐richness in some plant groups, via a number of mechanisms. The literature is used to develop 9 testable predictions of this hypothesis.ConclusionsThe hypothesis discussed here is a plausible and testable explanation for the observed patterns in plant diversity. It is not, however, likely to be the only explanation, and could easily operate alongside several other mechanisms.
Livestock–wildlife joint land use in dry lands of Kenya: A case study of the Lolldaiga Hills ranch
Authors: MIZUTANI Fumi , KADOHIRA Mutsuyo , PHIRI Bernard 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to examine livestock–wildlife interactions at the micro level and to quantify how resources are shared in joint land use by comparing the monitoring records collected on the Lolldaiga Hills ranch in Laikipia, Kenya from 1990s onwards. Livestock and wildlife distributions together with existing water points were geo‐referenced; by air and road census total animal biomass densities were estimated. Through 38‐h observation at a water point, livestock–wildlife interaction was recorded. During this period, water decline has been identified as an acute factor for farming and ranching. It was found that distributions of livestock and wildlife were related to water and pasture availability during the severe drought in 2009. Although there is seasonality in densities of both livestock and wildlife populations, results of air census indicated that the stable resident populations of wildlife have resided on the ranch. In this paper, we describe how livestock and wildlife interact at a water point and on pastures on the ranch in terms of biomass density. Such resources shared at different times need to be investigated further as a key factor to improve productivity of livestock–wildlife joint land use.
Dietary animal proteins alter monoamine metabolism in the brain
Authors: NAGASAWA Mao , MURAKAMI Tatsuro , SATO Mikako , TAKAHATA Yoshihisa , MORIMATSU Fumiki , FURUSE Mitsuhiro 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTSeveral amino acids have effects on mental function, including sedative, antidepressant‐like and anxiolytic‐like effects. However, the influence of integrated amino acid nutrition as protein constituents on mental function remains unclear. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to compare the influence of chicken, pork and beef protein extracts on brain monoamine metabolism in mice. Changes in monoamine levels and their turnover rates in the brain were induced by different protein sources. In particular, chicken protein group showed the highest norepinephrine levels in the hippocampus and hypothalamus, and beef protein extract caused an activation of the serotonergic system in the hypothalamus, although there were no significant differences in amino acid compositions of these protein extracts. Therefore, it was revealed that amino acid compositions in dietary protein did not induce alteration in monoamine metabolism. However, there were differences in small molecular peptides, such as creatine, carnosine and anserine levels in animal protein extracts. In conclusion, monoamine metabolism was altered by dietary protein sources. However, it was indicated that the alteration in monoamine metabolism may be independent from amino acid compositions in dietary protein. In addition, alteration in monoamine metabolism depending on the dietary protein sources may be induced by small molecular peptides.
A mechanistic study on the effect of ethanol and importance of water on permeation of drugs through human third‐degree burn eschar
Authors: Ghaffari Azadeh , Moghimi Hamid R , Manafi Ali , Hosseini Habibolah 
Published: December 2011

Ethanol that affects hydration of skin and used in wound treatment formulations was studied here for its effect on permeation of drugs through burn eschar and to investigate the presence of a porous pathway in this barrier.In this study, permeations of clindamycin phosphate (CP, hydrophilic) and diazepam (lipophilic) through human burn eschar were investigated in the presence and absence of ethanol. Permeability coefficients (Kp) of CP and diazepam through hydrated eschar were calculated to be 13·1 × 10−3 and 17·4 × 10−3 cm/h respectively. These Kp values were decreased by about 1·5–5·3 and 2–10·7 times respectively upon the addition of 20–70% ethanol. Increased amount of ethanol decreased permeation flux of CP (2–20 times) and increased that of diazepam (3–80 times) from saturated solutions. Thermal analysis showed that ethanol dehydrates eschar and also changes its internal proteineous structure. Such changes were concluded to be the main reasons behind decreased Kp of both drugs. Comparison of Kp data suggests the possibility and importance of a pore pathway in permeation of both drugs through the hydrated burn eschar. Present results show that ethanol, and possibly other dehydrating agents, can decrease the permeability of eschar and that this effect should be considered in formulation developments.
Cytogenetic analysis of de novo CD5‐positive diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: KANEKO Hiroto , SHIMURA Kazuho , HORIIKE Shigeo , KURODA Junya , MATSUMOTO Yosuke , YOKOTA Shohei , NISHIDA Koichi , OHKAWARA Yasuo , TANIWAKI Masafumi 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAims:  De novo CD5‐positive diffuse large B cell lymphoma (CD5+DLBL) is a subtype of DLBL with poor clinical outcome. To investigate the cytogenetic pathogenesis of CD5+DLBL, we analyzed the chromosomal findings of 18 patients with CD5+DLBL.Methods:  Tumor cells were cultured and metaphase was captured by colchicine exposure. Using trypsin‐Giemsa banding, the chromosomes were analyzed according to the International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature.Results:  Metaphase was acquired from 12 patients. Normal karyotypes were seen in two patients and abnormal karyotypes in the remaining 10. The numbers of chromosomes ranged from 45 to 90. Gain, loss and rearrangements of various chromosomes were seen. Frequent breakpoints were located at chromosome 1 band p13, 3q27, 6q13, 7q32, 14q32, 18q21 and 19q13. There was no diagnosis‐specific abnormality. A relationship between chromosomal findings and clinical outcomes such as involved site, relapse or survival, was not observed.Conclusion:  Since previous and the present studies on the chromosomal analysis of CD5+DLBL are also contradictory, more detailed comprehensive genetic analysis appears to be needed to elucidate the biological mechanisms of CD5+DLBL.
Autophagy in Lysosomal Myopathies
Authors: Malicdan May Christine V. , Nishino Ichizo 
Published: December 2011

AbstractLysosomal myopathies are hereditary myopathies characterized morphologically by the presence of autophagic vacuoles. In mammals, autophagy plays an important role for the turnover of cellular components, particularly in response to starvation or glucagons. In normal muscle, autolysosomes or autophagosomes are typically inconspicuous. In distinct neuromuscular disorders, however, lysosomes become structurally abnormal and functionally impaired, leading to the accumulation of autophagic vacuoles in myofibers. In some instances, the accumulation of autophagic vacuoles can be a prominent feature, implicating autophagy as a contributor to disease pathomechanism and/or progression. At present, there are two disorders in the muscle that are associated with a primary defect in lysosomal proteins, namely Pompe disease and Danon disease. This review will give a brief discussion on these disorders, highlighting the role of autophagy in disease progression.
In Vitro Photodynamic Inactivation of Cryptococcus neoformans Melanized Cells with Chloroaluminum Phthalocyanine Nanoemulsion
Authors: Rodrigues Gabriela B. , Primo Fernando L. , Tedesco Antonio C. , Braga Gilberto U. L. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe selection of fungi resistant to currently used fungicides and the emergence of new pathogenic species make the development of alternative fungus‐control techniques highly desirable. Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) is a promising method which combines a nontoxic photosensitizer (PS) with visible light to cause selective killing of microbial cells. The development of PACT to treat mycoses or kill fungi in the environment depends on identifying effective PS for the different pathogenic species and delivery systems able to expand and optimize their use. In the present study, the in vitro susceptibility of Cryptococcus neoformans melanized cells to the photodynamic effects of the PS agent ClAlPc in nanoemulsion (ClAlPc/NE) was examined. Cells were killed in a PS concentration‐ and light dose‐dependent manner. Treatment with ClAlPc/NE, using PS concentrations (e.g. 4.5 μm) and light doses (e.g. 10 J cm−2) compatible with PACT, resulted in a reduction of up to 6 logs in survival. Washing the cells to remove unbound PS before light exposure did not inhibit fungal photodynamic inactivation. Internalization of ClAlPc by C. neoformans was confirmed by confocal fluorescence microscopy, and the degree of uptake was dependent on PS concentration.
Elucidation of Cell Killing Mechanism by Comparative Analysis of Photoreactions on Different Types of Bacteria
Authors: Swetha S. , Kumari Singh Maheshwari , Minchitha K. U. , Geetha Balakrishna R. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThe mechanism of biocidal action of nano titania on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus has been evaluated by various biochemical techniques like lipid peroxidation, hydrolysis of orthonitrophenol β‐d‐galactopyranoside, estimation of protein–amino acid and bacterial nucleic acids leakage into solution, in addition to morphology studies by electron microscopy (TEM and SEM) and K+ ion leakage by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The active anatase phase of nano titania has been synthesized by sol‐gel and pulverization techniques to obtain particle sizes averaging around 11 nm. The nano semiconductor with a bandgap of 3.2 eV responds well to the UV source to liberate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Gram negative bacteria easily succumb to the ROS at a faster rate than gram‐positive bacteria with an observable difference in the mode of attack. The use of analytical techniques revealed the release of peroxidized lipid (26 nmol mL−1) and protein content (370 μg mL−1) with a K+ ion concentration of 22 000 ppb on complete destruction of E. coli.
UV‐B Exposure Causes DNA Damage and Changes in Protein Expression in Northern Pike (Esox lucius) Posthatched Embryos
Authors: Vehniäinen Eeva‐Riikka , Vähäkangas Kirsi , Oikari Aimo 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe ongoing anthropogenically caused ozone depletion and climate change has increased the amount of biologically harmful UV‐B radiation, which is detrimental to fish in embryonal stages. The effects of UV‐B radiation on the levels and locations of DNA damage manifested as cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and p53 protein in newly hatched embryos of pike were examined. Pike larvae were exposed in the laboratory to current and enhanced doses of UV‐B radiation. UV‐B exposure caused the formation of CPDs in a fluence rate‐dependent manner, and the CPDs were found deeper in the tissues with increasing fluence rates. UV‐B radiation induced HSP70 in epidermis, and caused plausible p53 activation in the brain and epidermis of some individuals. Also at a fluence rate occurring in nature, the DNA damage in the brain and eyes of pike and changes in protein expression were followed by severe behavioral disorders, suggesting that neural molecular changes were associated with functional consequences.
Sozialdialog und Governance in der sozialen Sicherheit aus aktueller IAO‐Sicht
Authors: Ghellab Youcef , Varela Nancy , Woodall John 
Published: December 2011

AuszugUnter allen Themen aus der Arbeitswelt dürfte es kaum eines geben, das die Grundsätze von Dreigliedrigkeit und Sozialdialog besser verkörpert als die soziale Sicherheit. So stellt sich naturgemäß die Frage, wie effektiv diese zentralen Elemente einer soliden Governance bisher waren und es noch sind, um die wichtigen Fragen anzugehen, die sich den Systemen der sozialen Sicherheit in vielen Ländern zurzeit stellen. Die Reform der sozialen Sicherheit, insbesondere im Rentenbereich, stand in vielen Ländern in den letzten Jahrzehnten zuoberst auf der politischen Tagesordnung und widerspiegelt die Auswirkungen von Faktoren wie Globalisierung und demografischer Alterung. Aufgrund der weltweiten Finanz‐ und Wirtschaftskrise kam es seit kurzem zu neuerlichen Belastungen. Das Internationale Arbeitsamt (IAA) versuchte diese Fragen zu analysieren und zu verstehen, indem die IAA‐Abteilungen für Sozialdialog und soziale Sicherheit gemeinsam vor und nach der Wirtschaftskrise Studien durchführten. Die Ergebnisse sind unterschiedlich ausgefallen. In einer Reihe von Ländern, die eine lange Tradition eines effektiven Sozialdialogs kennen, bestätigte sich dessen Wert. In einigen Ländern indes handelten die Regierungen leider im Alleingang, häufig unter dem Druck schwerer wirtschaftlicher Belastungen und eindringlicher Forderungen der Internationalen Finanzinstitutionen (IFI) und bisweilen mit wenig Rücksicht auf ihre verfassungsmäßigen Verpflichtungen. Die Autoren schliessen daraus, dass eine erneute Fokussierung des politischen Willens und Engagements in angemessenem Umfang auf den trilateralen Sozialdialog nötig und möglich ist, um die oft komplexen und heiklen politischen Fragen im Bereich der sozialen Sicherheit anzugehen.
CETP Inhibitor Torcetrapib Promotes Reverse Cholesterol Transport in Obese Insulin‐Resistant CETP‐ApoB100 Transgenic Mice
Authors: Briand François , Thieblemont Quentin , André Agnès , Ouguerram Khadija , Sulpice Thierry 
Published: December 2011

AbstractInsulin resistance and type 2 diabetes are associated with low HDL‐cholesterol (HDL‐c) levels, which would impair reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). A promising therapeutic strategy is to raise HDL with cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitors, but their effects on RCT remains to be demonstrated in vivo. We therefore evaluated the effects of CETP inhibitor torcetrapib in CETP‐apolipoprotein (apo)B100 mice made obese and insulin resistant with a 60% high‐fat diet. High‐fat diet over 3 months increased body weight and homeostasis model of insulin resistance index by 30% and 846%, respectively (p < 0.01 for both vs. chow‐fed mice). Total cholesterol (TC) increased by 46% and HDL‐c/TC ratio decreased by 28% (both p < 0.05). Compared to vehicle, high‐fat‐fed mice treated with torcetrapib (30 mg/kg/day, 3 weeks) showed increased HDL‐c levels and HDL‐c/TC ratio by 41% and 37% (both p < 0.05). Torcetrapib increased in vitro macrophage cholesterol efflux by 22% and in vivo RCT through a 118% increase in 3H‐bile acids fecal excretion after 3H‐cholesterol labeled macrophage injection (p < 0.01 for both). Fecal total bile acids mass was also increased by 158% (p < 0.001). In conclusion, CETP inhibition by torcetrapib improves RCT in CETP‐apoB100 mice. These results emphasize the potential of CETP inhibition to prevent cardiovascular diseases. Clin Trans Sci 2011; Volume 4: 414–420
Stretching the Posterior Shoulder Structures in Subjects with Internal Rotation Deficit: Comparison of Two Stretching Techniques
Authors: Cools Ann M. , Johansson Fredrik R. , Cagnie Barbara , Cambier Dirk C. , Witvrouw Erik E. 
Published: December 2011

Background Glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD) and posterior shoulder stiffness have been associated with impingement symptoms in the overhead athlete. Stretching of the posterior shoulder is advised in injury prevention as well as rehabilitation programs. The purpose of the present study was to determine if stretching of the posterior shoulder improves ROM and reduces symptoms, and to compare angular with non-angular stretching techniques. Methods 60 overhead athletes with GIRD (age 25 ± 7.2 years, height 176 ± 8 cm, weight 69.8 ± 10.2 kg) participated to the study. Thirty athletes had no shoulder pain, 30 had impingement symptoms on the dominant shoulder. The subjects were randomly assigned into an “angular” or a “non-angular” treatment group. They were treated for 3 weeks (9 sessions) and followed for another period of 3 weeks after completion of the treatment. Treatment outcome variables were glenohumeral internal rotation range of motion, and, in the patient group, pain (VAS) scores and functional performance (ROWE-score). Results Statistical analysis showed a significant increase in ROM ( p < .05) in both treatment groups, in the patient as well as in the healthy control group. In addition, patients showed a significant improvement in pain assessment scores, and a significant increase in the Modified Rowe Score. There were no significant differences between both treatment techniques. Discussion Stretching, angular as well as non-angular techniques, increases internal rotation ROM in overhead athletes, and may decrease sport specific shoulder pain in overhead athletes with impingement symptoms.
Lipopolysaccharides mediate leukotoxin secretion in Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
Authors: Tang G. , Kawai T. , Komatsuzawa H. , Mintz K.P. 
Published: December 2011

SummaryWe previously reported that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) ‐related sugars are associated with the glycosylation of the collagen adhesin EmaA, a virulence determinant of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. In this study, the role of LPS in the secretion of other virulence factors was investigated. The secretion of the epithelial adhesin Aae, the immunoglobulin Fc receptor Omp34 and leukotoxin were examined in a mutant strain with inactivated TDP‐4‐keto‐6‐deoxy‐d‐glucose 3,5‐epimerase (rmlC), which resulted in altered O‐antigen polysaccharides (O‐PS) of LPS. The secretion of Aae and Omp34 was not affected. However, the leukotoxin secretion, which is mediated by the TolC‐dependent type I secretion system, was altered in the rmlC mutant. The amount of secreted leukotoxin in the bacterial growth medium was reduced nine‐fold, with a concurrent four‐fold increase of the membrane‐bound toxin in the mutant compared with the wild‐type strain. The altered leukotoxin secretion pattern was restored to the wild‐type by complementation of the rmlC gene in trans. Examination of the ltxA mRNA levels indicated that the leukotoxin secretion was post‐transcriptionally regulated in the modified O‐PS containing strain. The mutant strain also showed increased resistance to vancomycin, an antibiotic dependent on TolC for internalization, indicating that TolC was affected. Overexpression of TolC in the rmlC mutant resulted in an increased TolC level in the outer membrane but did not restore the leukotoxin secretion profile to the wild‐type phenotype. The data suggest that O‐PS mediate leukotoxin secretion in A. actinomycetemcomitans.