bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety and efficacy of carboxymethylcellulose in the treatment of glottic insufficiency
Authors: Mallur Pavan S. , Morrison Michele P. , Postma Gregory N. , Amin Milan R. , Rosen Clark A. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:No studies to date have examined the clinical safety and efficacy of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) for vocal fold injection. The current study investigates the voice outcomes and complications of CMC injection.Study Design:Retrospective review.Methods:All patients who underwent CMC injection from three independent sites in a 1‐year period were reviewed. Voice outcomes in the form of voice handicap index‐10 (VHI‐10) and complications from injection were recorded.Results:Seventy‐eight patients with VHI‐10 results from 1 to 8 weeks after CMC injection were evaluated. Thirty‐eight patients were treated for vocal fold immobility, and 15 patients underwent treatment for hypomobility, 15 for vocal fold atrophy, seven for scar/sulcus, one for previous laryngeal fracture, one for functional dysphonia, and one for persistent granuloma. In 60 patients with available VHI‐10 data, overall improvement in voice was seen. There was a mean decrease in VHI‐10 of 7.48 (26.4 to 18.9, P < .05), correlating to a 19.9% decrease. Forty‐five patients (75%) showed a decrease in VHI‐10, nine (15%) showed an increase, and six (10%) showed no change. Statistically significant differences were seen for patients with immobility (decrease of 8.6, or 31%) and hypomobility (decrease of 10.7, or 37.8%). There were no complications of vocal fold stiffness, inflammatory reaction, or scar in the 78 patients during the total follow‐up period.Conclusions:CMC is a viable, safe, and efficacious material for the temporary treatment of glottic insufficiency in vocal fold immobility and hypomobility, with minimal risk of permanent adverse voice outcomes.
A Hölder continuity result for a class of obstacle problems under non standard growth conditions
Authors: Eleuteri Michela , Habermann Jens 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe prove C0, α regularity for local minimizers u of functionals with p(x)‐growth of the type

in the class \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$K :=\lbrace w \in W^{1,p(\cdot )}(\Omega ;{\mathbb R}): w \ge \psi \rbrace$\end{document}, where the exponent function p : Ω → (1, ∞) is assumed to be continuous with a modulus of continuity satisfying

and 1 < γ1 ⩽ p(x) ≤ γ2 < +∞. Moreover, \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\psi \in W^{1,1}_{\textnormal {loc}}(\Omega )$\end{document} is a given obstacle function, whose gradient Dψ belongs to a Morrey space \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$L_{\textnormal {loc}}^{q,\lambda }(\Omega )$\end{document} with n − γ1 < λ < n and q > γ2. We do not assume any quantitative continuity of the integrand function f.
Synthesis and Characterizations of Regioregular Poly(3‐alkylthiophene) with Alter1483ting Dodecyl/1H,1H,2H,2H‐Perfluorooctyl Side Chains
Authors: Geng Yanfang , Tajima Keisuke , Hashimoto Kazuhito 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA regioregular poly[4′‐dodecyl‐3‐(1H,1H,2H,2H‐perfluorooctyl)‐2,2′‐bithiophene] (P3DDFT) with alternating alkyl and semifluoroalkyl side chains were synthesized. Short ethylene spacer between perfluorohexyl part and thiophene did not largely affect the absorption and emission properties of the polythiophene backbone in comparison with poly(3‐dodecylthiophene) (P3DDT). P3DDFT showed a larger onset of the oxidation potential (+0.17 V) observed by cyclic voltamogram due to the electron withdrawing effect of the fluoroalkyl part. Thermal analysis and X‐ray diffraction patterns indicated that P3DDFT in the solid state forms a semicrystalline lamellar structure that is similar to that of P3DDT. Ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy was also used to investigate their electron structure in the films. Comparison of hole mobilities in the films suggested that P3DDFT could have a less ordered packing structure compared to P3DDT both in the bulk and at the dielectric interface.magnified image
Protein‐conjugated acrolein as a biochemical marker of brain infarction
Authors: Igarashi Kazuei , Kashiwagi Keiko 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe relationship between acrolein (CH2=CH‐CHO) and brain infarction is the focus of this review. It has been found that acrolein is produced mainly within cells from polyamines by polyamine oxidases (PAOs), especially from spermine by spermine oxidase during cell damage, and that acrolein is more toxic than reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a cell culture system. Thus, the possibility that acrolein and PAOs are good biochemical markers of stroke was tested because there are no other reliable biochemical markers at the early stage of stroke. Levels of protein‐conjugated acrolein (PC‐Acro) and PAOs (acrolein‐producing enzymes) were significantly increased in the plasma of stroke patients. The multiplied value of PC‐Acro by PAOs was nearly parallel with the size of stroke. Furthermore, when the combined measurements of PC‐Acro, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) were evaluated along with age using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, even silent brain infarction (SBI), which is a small brain infarction, was indicated with approximately 84% sensitivity and specificity. These findings clearly indicate that acrolein is strongly correlated with cell damage during brain infarction.
Practical second‐order reliability analysis applied to foundation engineering
Authors: Chan Chin Loong , Low Bak Kong 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYA practical and efficient approach of implementing second‐order reliability method (SORM) is presented and illustrated for cases related to foundation engineering involving explicit and implicit limit state functions. The proposed SORM procedure is based on an approximating paraboloid fitted to the limit state surface in the neighborhood of the design point and can be easily carried out in a spreadsheet. Complex mathematical operations are relegated to relatively simple user‐created functions. The failure probability is calculated automatically based on the reliability index and principal curvatures of the limit state surface using established closed‐form SORM formulas. Four common foundation engineering examples are analyzed using the proposed method and discussed: immediate settlement of a flexible rectangular foundation, bearing capacity of a shallow footing, axial capacity of a vertical single pile, and deflection of a pile under lateral load. Comparisons with Monte Carlo simulations are made. In the case of the laterally loaded pile, the friction angle of the soil is represented as a one‐dimensional random field, and pile deflections are computed based on finite element analysis on a stand‐alone computer package. The implicit limit state function is approximated via the response surface method using two quadratic models. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genome‐wide array‐based copy number profiling in human placentas from unexplained stillbirths
Authors: Harris R. Alan , Ferrari Francesca , Ben‐Shachar Shay , Wang Xiaoling , Saade George , Van Den Veyver Ignatia , Facchinetti Fabio , Aagaard‐Tillery Kjersti 
Published: July 2011

ObjectiveAccumulating evidence suggests that genomic structural variations, particularly copy number variations (CNV), are a common occurrence in humans that may bear phenotypic consequences for living individuals possessing the variant. While precise estimates vary, large‐scale karyotypic abnormalities are present in 6–12% of stillbirths (SB). However, due to inherent limitations of conventional cytogenetics, the contribution of genomic aberrations to stillbirth is likely underrepresented. High‐resolution copy number variant analysis by genomic array‐based profiling may overcome such limitations.MethodsProspectively acquired SB cases > 22 weeks underwent classification of ‘unexplained’ stillbirth by Wigglesworth and Aberdeen criteria after extensive testing and rigorous multidisciplinary audit. Genome‐wide analysis was conducted using high‐resolution Illumina single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays (Human CNV370‐Duo) on placental and fetal samples. Potential alternate detection methods were completed by one or more of three independent means (quantitative PCR, Illumina1M, or Agilent105K comparative genomic hybridization arrays).ResultsIn our cohort of 54 stillbirths, 29 met strict unexplained criteria. Among these, we identified 24 putative novel CNVs. Subsequent interrogation detected 18 of 24 CNVs (75%) in placental samples, 8 of which were also confirmed in available fetal samples; none were present in maternal blood.ConclusionWe describe the potential of whole‐genome placental profiling to identify small genomic imbalances, which might contribute to a small proportion of well‐characterized, unexplained stillbirths. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electronic database to detect drug–drug interactions between antidepressants and oral anticancer drugs from a cancer center in Singapore: implications to clinicians
Authors: Chan Alexandre , Yap Kevin Yi‐Lwern , Koh Dorothy , Low Xiu Hui , Cheung Yin Ting ,   from the Onco‐Informatics (onco‐informatics.com) Group
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTBackgroundElectronic drug interaction databases are often utilized in clinical practice to detect for possible drug–drug interactions between drug pairs. It is uncertain, however, whether most of these detections interactions are clinically important in practice. To demonstrate these issues, this study utilized a comprehensive drug–drug interaction (DDI) electronic database to elucidate the prevalence of DDIs at a cancer centre between antidepressants and oral anticancer drugs (ACDs).MethodsDrug utilization reports were retrieved to determine the patients who were prescribed with antidepressants oral ACDs between 2006 and 2009 at a cancer center. Medication records of these patients were retrospectively examined using OncoRx, an internet‐based oncology‐specific database that allows the identification of DDIs.ResultsOut of 910 users of antidepressants, about one‐third (281 patients, 30.9%) used an oral ACD and an antidepressant concomitantly. From these patients, about one‐fifth (21.0%) had potential DDIs. These patients were users of 17 potentially interacting drug pairs. Ten out of the 17 drug pairs could potentially cause pharmacokinetic interactions, and the rest were pharmacodynamic interactions, with only three out of the 17 drug pairs were clinically documented to cause interacting events.ConclusionThe lack of screening conditions may have led to an over detection of DDI combinations by electronic DDI databases. Many of the detected interactions may not deem high significance in clinical practice. This study exposed a major weakness of current electronic DDI databases for detecting oral ACDs and antidepressants DDIs. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The rheology of aramid platelet suspensions
Authors: Liang Ruifeng , Han Long , Doraiswamy Deepak , Gupta Rakesh K. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe flow responses of aramid platelets (fibrids) suspended in a mixture of corn syrup and water at loadings of less than 1% were determined in steady shear, oscillatory shear, transient shear, and extensional flow. The effects of fibrid size, concentration, and suspending medium viscosity were examined. These suspensions exhibit a high zero‐shear viscosity, strong shear thinning with power law indices as low as 0.2, an infinite shear viscosity, and thixotropy. Steady shear viscosity data over six decades of shear rate were described very well by traditional models such as the Carreau or Cross equations. The platelets appear to form an interacting, flocculated network at rest that is the reason for the large relative viscosity. The largest platelets, however, appear to curl or fold and offer the least flow resistance during shear flow. The structure formed at rest is easily destroyed, and this is the reason for the observed shear thinning. In extensional flow, large Trouton ratios are observed even at very low fibrid concentrations, and these increase with the true aspect ratio, indicating that the fibrids are fully unfurled in the strongly orienting extensional flow. These rheological properties make fibrid suspensions good candidates for thickeners in sealant, caulk, and adhesive applications. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Layer‐by‐layer assembled polyelectrolyte blend membranes and their use for ion separation and rejection
Authors: Hoffmann Kristina , Friedrich Tatjana , Tieke Bernd 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPolyelectrolyte blend films and membranes were prepared upon alternating electrostatic adsorption of polyallylamine hydrochloride (PAH) and mixtures of polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) in different ratio on solid supports. Infrared studies indicated that the PSS‐PAA blend composition of the films always differed from the mixture composition in the dipping solution, PSS being preferentially adsorbed. Films deposited on porous supporting membranes (polyacrylonitrile/polyethylene terephthalate) were studied on their ion permeation under diffusion dialysis conditions, and their flux and salt rejection under nanofiltration and reverse osmosis (RO) conditions. Blend membranes prepared at pH 1.7 exhibit a significantly improved anion separation and salt rejection, the ideal separation factor α(NaCl/Na2SO4) of a membrane prepared from a PSS:PAA mixture of 1:1 (w/w) being 197 ± 10 (pure PAH/PSS: 45). The NaCl and Na2SO4 rejections under RO conditions are 85 and 97% (pure PAH/PSS: 15 and 27%), respectively. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Magnesium hydroxide modified by 1‐n‐tetradecyl‐3‐carboxymethyl imidazolium chloride and its effects on the properties of LLDPE
Authors: Ding Yunsheng , Wang Ping , Wang Zhongli , Chen Long , Xu Hongmei , Chen Shengli 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn this study, Mg(OH)2 (MH) was first modified by 1‐n‐tetradecyl‐3‐carboxymethyl imidazolium chloride ([C14cim]Cl), an imidazolium ionic liquid, and then the modified MH ([C14cim]Cl‐MH) was incorporated into linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) by melt‐mixing to obtain the LLDPE/[C14cim]Cl‐MH composites. The interaction between [C14cim]Cl and MH was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR). The thermal decompostion behaviors of the LLDPE/[C14cim]Cl‐MH composites were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The flame retardance, tensile and Izod Impact properties of the LLDPE/[C14cim]Cl‐MH composites were tested. For comparison, the LLDPE/MH composites and LLDPE/SA‐MH composites (SA‐MH is stearic acid) were prepared and their properties were studied in the same way. It was found that [C14cim]Cl interacted with MH via chemical bonding, and served as an efficient lubricant and compatibilizer for MH and LLDPE, leading to great improvements of processability and mechanical properties of the LLDPE/[C14cim]Cl‐MH composites. The LLDPE/[C14cim]Cl‐MH composites also showed a remarkably promoted char formation and effectively eliminated melt drips, thus endowing the composites with sufficiently high flame retardancy. POLYM. ENG. SCI., © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Macroscopic Approach to Plasma Polymerization Using the Concept of Energy Density
Authors: Hegemann Dirk , Schütz Urs , Körner Enrico 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe film growth and the properties of plasma polymers are determined by gas phase and surface reactions. In order to gain more insights and to optimize plasma polymerization processes, some assumptions can be made that allow a macroscopic approach. Therefore, a concept was developed based on the energy input both into the gas phase (plasma) and during film growth (surface) that helps to distinguish between predominating gas phase or surface processes. Different experimental series using gas mixtures of C2H4 with CO2 or N2/H2 were performed at different power inputs W and gas flow rates F. Thereby, the same range of specific energy input W/F can be maintained at different ion bombardment to the substrate. The results indicate that changes in film growth were initiated by plasma chemical processes for CO2/C2H4 discharges (scavenger effects), while the obtained drop in deposition rate at high energy input values for N2/H2/C2H4 is caused by the energy dissipated in the film during growth pointing towards a threshold energy for chemical sputtering.magnified image
Highly ordered three‐dimensional ZnO nanorods for novel photonic devices
Authors: Szabó Zoltán , Erdélyi Róbert , Makai János , Balázs János , Volk János 
Published: July 2011

AbstractOn‐purpose positioned epitaxial ZnO nanorods were grown on transparent substrate by wet chemical method. The high degree of vertical alignment can be ascribed to the epitaxial ZnO seed film deposited on a c‐plane sapphire substrate. The diffraction pattern taken on the array reveals the two‐dimensional ordering of the nanorods while the transmittance measurement showed high transparency. Both optical measurements were compared with three‐dimensional finite‐difference time‐domain simulations. The realized model structure promises novel applications such as three‐dimensional solar cells and photodetectors. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
From metal/semiconductor separation to single‐chirality separation of single‐wall carbon nanotubes using gel
Authors: Tanaka Takeshi , Liu Huaping , Fujii Shunjiro , Kataura Hiromichi 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn the present work, a review of the metallic (M) and semiconducting (S) separation of single‐wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) using polysaccharide gels is presented. First, the progress of the M/S separation is described, including the following: the discovery of high‐yield separation using agarose gel electrophoresis, the separation of SWCNTs without an electric field, such as through the use of the freeze and squeeze method, the development of continuous separation using column chromatography, and the single‐chirality separation of SWCNTs using a multicolumn with dextran‐based gel. Next, the separation mechanism using gel is discussed, in which separation is achieved by selective adsorption of S‐SWCNTs by gel with a specific combination of surfactant and gel. Lastly, future directions for the separation of SWCNTs and for the use of the separated SWCNTs are discussed.magnified image(© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synchrotron fluorescence nanoimaging of a single Co‐implanted ZnO nanowire
Authors: Chu M. H. , Segura‐Ruiz J. , Martinez‐Criado G. , Cloetens P. , Snigireva I. , Geburt S. , Ronning C. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn this study, we report the application of synchrotron radiation nanoprobe technique to the elemental analysis of single as‐grown and Co‐implanted ZnO nanowires. The nano‐X‐ray fluorescence technique enabled us not only to examine the spatial variation of Zn and Co elements, but also to disregard the presence of residual impurities in the nanowires, as well as the detection of Fe and Sn residual impurities in the substrates. Our observations provide strong evidence for the overall elemental uniformity of Zn and Co along the wires, without clustering or segregation effects. Within the nanoprobe spatial resolution, our findings indicate a Co localization within thicker irregularities observed with scanning electron microscopy. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Internal gravity waves convectively forced in the atmospheric residual layer during the morning transition
Authors: Gibert Fabien , Arnault Nicolas , Cuesta Juan , Plougonven Riwal , Flamant Pierre H. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractGeneration of internal gravity waves in the boundary layer is investigated from observations. Simultaneous measurements from a 2 µm Doppler lidar and a 0.5 µm backscatter lidar are combined to analyse the occurrence, or not, of internal gravity waves in the residual layer during the morning transition on two days, 10 and 14 June 2005. Three cases are studied for illustrating three different flow configurations in the residual layer: no wave, evanescent wave and propagating wave. Comparison of the three cases suggests two necessary conditions for the generation of gravity waves: a stably stratified residual layer and a convective boundary layer with mechanical forcing frequencies less than the Brunt–Vaïsala frequency. The horizontal wind shear probably plays a role in the dynamics of the waves, but, in the cases analysed, it is not sufficient alone to generate the observed waves through the obstacle effect. In the case of wave propagation, the waves tilt upstream and against the wind shear, with a typical horizontal wavelength and a line phase direction with respect to the vertical of 2.4 km and 32°, respectively. Unexpectedly, we found that measurements of the wave‐associated vertical velocity and the displacement of tracers (0.5 µm depolarization ratio or 2 µm backcatter, both indicative of relative humidity fluctuations) are in phase. Possible explanations include: (i) aerosol particles are not passive with respect to temperature or water vapour fluctuations; or (ii) a nonlinear wave‐turbulence interaction is at work and needs further investigation. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
A climatological study of polar lows in the Nordic Seas
Authors: Noer Gunnar , Saetra Øyvind , Lien Trond , Gusdal Yvonne 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe climatology of polar lows over the Nordic Seas has been investigated using infrared satellite images for the period between 2000 and 2009. The same region was studied in the 1980s using traditional weather charts for the period between 1972 and 1982. One motivation for the present study was to revisit this climatology, but using a different decade and taking advantage of the vastly improved coverage and dissemination of infrared satellite images since the 1980s. The fact that forecasters at the Norwegian Meteorological Institute had introduced a routine to register polar‐low events systematically from 2000 and onward also provided a unique opportunity for extending the existing repository of subjectively identified polar‐low observations. On average we found 12 polar‐low events per year in the region of study. This is more than the earlier investigation, but we believe that this can be explained by the fact that the previous study relied almost uniquely on weather charts with very little information from ocean areas in the Nordic Seas. The largest numbers were found in January with an average of 2.8 polar‐low events per year. The study reconfirms the February minimum found in previous studies, but on the basis of our data we could not show that this minimum is statistically significant. It is suggested that this may be explained as a manifestation of the coldest winter month, when a surface‐pressure high over the Scandinavian mainland is common and the large‐scale atmospheric flow is less favourable to polar‐low formation. This hypothesis was tested by calculating the mean sea‐level pressure (MSLP) anomaly for January, February and March from an atmospheric reanalysis. This revealed a positive anomaly over Scandinavia and northwest Russia not found in the pressure distributions for January and March. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society