bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A role for endobrevin/VAMP8 in CTL lytic granule exocytosis
Authors: Loo Li Shen , Hwang Le‐Ann , Ong Yao Min , Tay Hock Soon , Wang Cheng‐Chun , Hong Wanjin 
Published: October 2009

AbstractCTL clear virus‐infected cells and tumorigenic cells by releasing potent cytotoxic enzymes stored in preformed lytic granules. The exocytosis process includes polarization of lytic granules toward the immunological synapse, tethering of lytic granules to the plasma membrane and finally fusion of lytic granules with the plasma membrane to release cytotoxic enzymes. Although much is known about the molecular machineries necessary for the earlier steps in lytic granule exocytosis, the molecular machinery governing the final step in the fusion process has not been identified. Here, we show using control and VAMP8 KO mice that VAMP8 is localized to the CTL lytic granules. While the immunological synapse and granule polarization appears normal in both VAMP8 KO and control CTL, CTL‐mediated killing was reduced for the Vamp8–/– CTL. Analysis of lytic enzyme secretion demonstrated that granzyme A and granzyme B secretion is significantly compromised in VAMP8–/– CTL, while the levels of the lytic enzymes in the cells are unaffected. Our results clearly show that VAMP8 is one of the v‐SNARE that regulate the lytic ability of CTL by influencing the ability of the lytic granules to fuse with the plasma membrane and release its contents.
LKB1 is essential for the proliferation of T‐cell progenitors and mature peripheral T cells
Authors: Tamás Peter , Macintyre Andrew , Finlay David , Clarke Rosemary , Feijoo‐Carnero Carmen , Ashworth Alan , Cantrell Doreen 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe serine/threonine kinase LKB1 has a conserved role in Drosophila and nematodes to co‐ordinate cell metabolism. During T lymphocyte development in the thymus, progenitors need to synchronize increased metabolism with the onset of proliferation and differentiation to ensure that they can meet the energy requirements for development. The present study explores the role of LKB1 in this process and shows that loss of LKB1 prevents thymocyte differentiation and the production of peripheral T lymphocytes. We find that LKB1 is required for several key metabolic processes in T‐cell progenitors. For example, LKB1 controls expression of CD98, a key subunit of the L‐system aa transporter and is also required for the pre‐TCR to induce and sustain the regulated phosphorylation of the ribosomal S6 subunit, a key regulator of protein synthesis. In the absence of LKB1 TCR‐β‐selected thymocytes failed to proliferate and did not survive. LBK1 was also required for survival and proliferation of peripheral T cells. These data thus reveal a conserved and essential role for LKB1 in the proliferative responses of both thymocytes and mature T cells.
Clever‐1/Stabilin‐1 regulates lymphocyte migration within lymphatics and leukocyte entrance to sites of inflammation
Authors: Karikoski Marika , Irjala Heikki , Maksimow Mikael , Miiluniemi Mari , Granfors Kaisa , Hernesniemi Sari , Elima Kati , Moldenhauer Gerhard , Schledzewski Kai , Kzhyshkowska Julia , Goerdt Sergij , Salmi Marko , Jalkanen Sirpa 
Published: October 2009

AbstractClever‐1/Stabilin‐1 is a scavenger receptor present on lymphatic and sinusoidal endothelium as well as on a subset of type II macrophages. It is also induced on vasculature at sites of inflammation. However, its in vivo function has remained practically unknown and this work addresses those unknown aspects. We demonstrate using in vivo models that Clever‐1/Stabilin‐1 mediates migration of T and B lymphocytes to the draining lymph nodes in vivo and identify the adhesive epitope of the Clever‐1/Stabilin‐1 molecule responsible for the interaction between lymphocytes and lymphatic endothelium. Moreover, we demonstrate that Ab blocking of Clever‐1/Stabilin‐1 efficiently inhibits peritonitis in mice by decreasing the entrance of granulocytes by 50%, while migration of monocytes and lymphocytes into the inflamed peritoneum is prevented almost completely. Despite efficient anti‐inflammatory activity the Ab therapy does not dramatically dampen immune responses against the bacterial and foreign protein Ag tested and bacterial clearance. These results indicate that anti‐Clever‐1/Stabilin‐1 treatment can target two different arms of the vasculature – traffic via lymphatics and inflamed blood vessels.
Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of 3,8‐Disubstituted 1,10‐Phenanthrolines and Their Ruthenium(II) Complexes
Authors: Karnahl Michael , Krieck Sven , Görls Helmar , Tschierlei Stefanie , Schmitt Michael , Popp Jürgen , Chartrand Daniel , Hanan Garry S. , Groarke Robert , Vos Johannes G. , Rau Sven 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe palladium‐catalysed cross‐coupling reaction between 3,8‐dibromo‐1,10‐phenanthroline with phenylacetylene or 3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenylboronic acid gives good yields of the 3,8‐disubstituted products. These 1,10‐phenanthroline derivatives are used for the formation of novel ruthenium complexes of the type [(tbbpy)2Ru(phenR2)]2+ [where tbbpy = 4,4′‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine, phen = 1,10‐phenanthroline, R represents the substituents at the 3,8 positions with bromine, phenylacetylene or 3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]. All compounds are completely characterised by NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy, MS, electrochemical measurements and Raman and resonance Raman spectroscopy. The photophysical properties indicate a strong influence of the substitution of the phenanthroline ligand on the absorption, emission and Raman properties. With resonance Raman spectroscopy the localisation of the singlet metal‐to‐ligand charge‐transfer (1MLCT) excited state is determined. Thesolid‐state structures of 3,8‐dibromo‐1,10‐phenanthroline (phenBr2) and the corresponding ruthenium complex [(tbbpy)2Ru(phenBr2)]2+ and a structural motif of [(tbbpy)2Ru{phen‐3,8‐bis[3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]}]2+ are also reported. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Mechanofluorochromism of a Series of Benzofuro[2,3‐c]oxazolo[4,5‐a]carbazole‐Type Fluorescent Dyes (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 31/2009)
Authors: Ooyama Yousuke , Kagawa Yusuke , Fukuoka Hiroshi , Ito Genta , Harima Yutaka 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe cover picture shows “mechanofluorochromism” of a new class of donor‐π‐acceptor‐type fluorescent dyes; a series of benzofuro[2,3‐coxazolo[4,5‐a]carbazole‐type fluorophores show fluorescent color change with a remarkable enhancement in fluorescence quantum yield caused by mechanical stress and reversion to the original fluorescent color by heating or exposure to solvent vapor. Details are discussed in the article by Y. Harima et al. on p. 5321 ff. The background shows the Hiroshima Castle, called the “Carp Castle” in Hiroshima, Japan, which was the castle of the daimyo (feudal lord) of the Hiroshima han (feudal clan), constructed in 1589–1599.
ABTS‐Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Nanocomposite/Bi Film Electrode for Sensitive Determination of Cd and Pb by Differential Pulse Stripping Voltammetry
Authors: Deng Wenfang , Tan Yueming , Fang Zhengfa , Xie Qingji , Li Yunyong , Liang Xiaoling , Yao Shouzhuo 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA 2,2′‐azinobis (3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonate) diammonium salt (ABTS)‐multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) nanocomposite/Bi film modified glassy carbon (GC) electrode was constructed for the differential pulse stripping voltammetric determination of trace Pb2+ and Cd2+. This electrode was more sensitive than ABTS‐free Bi/GC and Bi/MWCNTs/GC electrodes. Linear responses were obtained in the range from 0.5 to 35 μg L−1 for Cd2+ and 0.2 to 50 μg L−1 Pb(II), with detection limits of 0.2 μg L−1 for Cd2+ and 0.1 μg L−1 for Pb2+, respectively. This sensor was applied to the simultaneous detection of Cd2+ and Pb2+ in water samples with satisfactory recovery.
Preparation of Polypyrrole/Nuclear Fast Red Films on Gold Electrode and Its Application on the Electrocatalytic Determination of Methyl‐dopa and Ascorbic Acid
Authors: Gholivand Mohammad Bagher , Amiri Masoud 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA novel voltammetric method using the Ppyox/NFR/Au (poly pyrrole – nuclear fast red – gold) modified electrode was developed for simultaneous measurement of various combinations of ascorbic acid (AA) and methyldopa (MDA). Polypyrrole film was prepared by incorporation of nuclear fast red (NFR) as doping anion, during the electropolymerization of pyrrole onto a gold (Au) electrode in aqueous solution using cyclic voltammetric (CV) method, and then it was overoxidized at constant potential. Differential pulse voltammetry was utilized for the measurement of both analytes using modified electrode. Well‐separated voltammetric peaks were observed for ascorbic acid (AA) and methyldopa at the Ppyox/NFR/Au modified electrodes with peak separation of 0.210 V. It has been found that under optimum condition (pH 3.0), the oxidation of AA and MDA at the surface of the electrode occurs at a potential about 260 and 50 mV less positive than unmodified Au electrode respectively. The current catalytic oxidation peaks showed a linear dependent on the concentration of AA and MDA in the range of 9.0×10−6 to 1.0×10−3 and 1.0×10−7 to 2.0×10−5 mol L−1 respectively. The detection limit of 5.8×10−6 and 5.0×10−8 mol L−1 (S/N=3) were obtained for AA and MDA respectively. The modified electrode was used for determination of AA and MDA in some real samples such as human serum and tablet.
Protection of seismic structures using semi‐active friction TMD
Authors: Lin Chi‐Chang , Lin Ging‐Long , Wang Jer‐Fu 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAlthough the design and applications of linear tuned mass damper (TMD) systems are well developed, nonlinear TMD systems are still in the developing stage. Energy dissipation via friction mechanisms is an effective means for mitigating the vibration of seismic structures. A friction‐type TMD, i.e. a nonlinear TMD, has the advantages of energy dissipation via a friction mechanism without requiring additional damping devices. However, a passive‐friction TMD (PF‐TMD) has such disadvantages as a fixed and pre‐determined slip load and may lose its tuning and energy dissipation abilities when it is in the stick state. A novel semi‐active‐friction TMD (SAF‐TMD) is used to overcome these disadvantages. The proposed SAF‐TMD has the following features. (1) The frictional force of the SAF‐TMD can be regulated in accordance with system responses. (2) The frictional force can be amplified via a braking mechanism. (3) A large TMD stroke can be utilized to enhance control performance. A non‐sticking friction control law, which can keep the SAF‐TMD activated throughout an earthquake with an arbitrary intensity, was applied. The performance of the PF‐TMD and SAF‐TMD systems in protecting seismic structures was investigated numerically. The results demonstrate that the SAF‐TMD performs better than the PF‐TMD and can prevent a residual stroke that may occur in a PF‐TMD system. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fast performance uncertainty estimation via pushover and approximate IDA
Authors: Fragiadakis Michalis , Vamvatsikos Dimitrios 
Published: October 2009

AbstractApproximate methods based on the static pushover are introduced to estimate the seismic performance uncertainty of structures having non‐deterministic modeling parameters. At their basis lies the use of static pushover analysis to approximate Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) and estimate the demand and capacity epistemic uncertainty. As a testbed we use a nine‐storey steel frame having beam hinges with uncertain moment–rotation relationships. Their properties are fully described by six, randomly distributed, parameters. Using Monte Carlo simulation with Latin hypercube sampling, a characteristic ensemble of structures is created. The Static Pushover to IDA (SPO2IDA) software is used to approximate the IDA capacity curve from the appropriately post‐processed results of the static pushover. The approximate IDAs allow the evaluation of the seismic demand and capacity for the full range of limit‐states, even close to global dynamic instability. Moment‐estimating techniques such as Rosenblueth's point estimating method and the first‐order, second‐moment (FOSM) method are adopted as simple alternatives to obtain performance statistics with only a few simulations. The pushover is shown to be a tool that combined with SPO2IDA and moment‐estimating techniques can supply the uncertainty in the seismic performance of first‐mode‐dominated buildings for the full range of limit‐states, thus replacing semi‐empirical or code‐tabulated values (e.g. FEMA‐350), often adopted in performance‐based earthquake engineering. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How does overeaters anonymous help its members? A qualitative analysis
Authors: Russell‐Mayhew Shelly , von Ranson Kristin M. , Masson Philip C. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractOvereaters Anonymous (OA) is a 12‐step, self‐help group for individuals who perceive themselves to have problems with compulsive overeating. Despite the popularity of OA and the frequent use of addictions‐based treatments for eating disorders, little is known about how OA is helpful. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore members' experiences with and perceptions of OA. We conducted three focus groups with self‐selected members of OA (N = 20). We present three primary themes that emerged from the analysis of the focus groups' discussions, which emphasize why individuals entered OA, OA's ‘tools’, and how individuals perceived OA to ‘work’. Overall, although participants agreed OA was helpful to them, there was no consensus regarding how OA ‘works’. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
STrengthening the REporting of Genetic Association Studies (STREGA)—an extension of the STROBE statement
Authors: Little Julian , Higgins Julian P. T. , Ioannidis John P. A. , Moher David , Gagnon France , von Elm Erik , Khoury Muin J. , Cohen Barbara , Davey‐Smith George , Grimshaw Jeremy , Scheet Paul , Gwinn Marta , Williamson Robin E. , Zou Guang Yong , Hutchings Kim , Johnson Candice Y. , Tait Valerie , Wiens Miriam , Golding Jean , van Duijn Cornelia , McLaughlin John , Paterson Andrew , Wells George , Fortier Isabel , Freedman Matthew , Zecevic Maja , King Richard , Infante‐Rivard Claire , Stewart, Alex , Birkett Nick 
Published: October 2009

AbstractMaking sense of rapidly evolving evidence on genetic associations is crucial to making genuine advances in human genomics and the eventual integration of this information in the practice of medicine and public health. Assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of this evidence, and hence the ability to synthesize it, has been limited by inadequate reporting of results. The STrengthening the REporting of Genetic Association studies (STREGA) initiative builds on the STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement and provides additions to 12 of the 22 items on the STROBE checklist. The additions concern population stratification, genotyping errors, modelling haplotype variation, Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium, replication, selection of participants, rationale for choice of genes and variants, treatment effects in studying quantitative traits, statistical methods, relatedness, reporting of descriptive and outcome data, and the volume of data issues that are important to consider in genetic association studies. The STREGA recommendations do not prescribe or dictate how a genetic association study should be designed but seek to enhance the transparency of its reporting, regardless of choices made during design, conduct, or analysis. Genet. Epidemiol. 33:581–598, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Specific somatotopic organization of functional connections of the primary motor network during resting state
Authors: van den Heuvel Martijn P. , Hulshoff Pol Hilleke E. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractRegions of the primary motor network are known to show a high level of spontaneous functional connectivity during rest. Resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have reported the left and right motor cortex to form a single resting‐state network, without examining the specific organization of the functional connections between subregions of the primary motor network. The primary motor cortex has a somatotopic organization, clearly separating regions that control our feet from regions that control our fingers and other body parts. In this study, 3 T resting‐state fMRI time‐series of 46 healthy subjects were acquired; and for all subregions along the precentral gyrus, the location of the maximum level of functional connectivity within the contralateral primary motor cortex was computed, together with whole brain functional connectivity maps, to examine a possible somatotopic organization of the functional connections of the motor network. Subregions of the primary motor cortex were found to be most strongly functionally linked to regions in the contralateral hemisphere with a similar spatial location along the contralateral primary motor cortex as the selected seed regions. On the basis of the knowledge of a somatopic organization of the primary motor network, these findings suggest that functional subregions of the motor network are one‐on‐one linked to their functional homolog in the contralateral hemisphere and organized in a somatotopic fashion. Examining the specific organization of the functional connections within the primary motor network could enhance our overall understanding of the organization of resting‐state functional communication within the brain. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibition of invasion and migration of salivary gland adenocarcinoma cells by 5′‐nitro‐indirubinoxime (5′‐NIO)
Authors: Yoon Ji‐Hye , Kim Soo‐A , Kim Jae‐Il , Park Jong‐Hwan , Ahn Sang‐Gun , Yoon Jung‐Hoon 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackground.5′‐Nitro‐indirubinoxime (5′‐NIO) is a derivative of the bis‐indole indirubin that exhibits anticancer activities. The present study investigated the anti‐invasive action of 5′‐NIO in salivary gland ductal adenocarcinoma, SGT cells.Methods.The wound‐scratch, migration, and invasion assays were applied to determine the effect of 5′‐NIO on the migration capacity and invasiveness of SGT cells. Reverse‐transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and Western blot were performed to evaluate the impacts of 5′‐NIO on the expression of β1 integrin and matrix metalloproteinases MMP‐2 (gelatinase‐A) and MMP‐9 (gelatinase‐B).Results.The viability of SGT cells was decreased by 5′‐NIO in a dose‐dependent manner, but not significant at the concentrations of 0.5 and 1 μM. Under the concentrations showing little cytotoxic effect, 5′‐NIO exhibited a dose‐dependent inhibitory effect on the invasion and migration of SGT cells. Furthermore, 5′‐NIO suppressed the mRNA and protein expression of β1 integrin and MMP‐2 and MMP‐9.Conclusion.Taken together, these results suggest that 5′‐NIO, even at low concentrations, may effectively inhibit the invasion and migration of SGT cells by suppressing β1 integrin–mediated signaling. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
An RBF‐based model with an information processor for forecasting hourly reservoir inflow during typhoons
Authors: Lin Gwo‐Fong , Wu Ming‐Chang , Chen Guo‐Rong , Tsai Fei‐Yu 
Published: October 2009

AbstractInflow forecasting is essential for decision making on reservoir operation during typhoons. In this paper, a radial basis function (RBF)‐based model with an information processor is proposed for more accurate forecasts of hourly reservoir inflow. Firstly, based on the multilayer perceptron neural (MLP) network, an information processor is developed to pre‐process the typhoon information (namely, typhoon characteristics and rainfall) and to produce forecasts of rainfall. The forecasted rainfall and the observed inflow are then used as input to the RBF‐based model, which is a nonlinear function approximator, to produce forecasts of hourly inflow. For parameter estimation of the RBF‐based model, the fully‐supervised learning algorithm is used. Actual applications of the proposed model are performed to yield 1‐ to 6‐h ahead forecasts of inflow. To assess the improvement due to the use of the typhoon information processor, models without the typhoon information processor are constructed and compared with the proposed model. The results show that the proposed model performs the best and is capable of providing improved forecasts of hourly inflow, especially for long lead‐time. In conclusion, the proposed model with a typhoon information processor can extract useful information from typhoon characteristics and rainfall, and consequently improve the forecasting performance. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
EGFR variant‐mediated invasion by enhanced CXCR4 expression through transcriptional and post‐translational mechanisms
Authors: Rahimi Massod , George Jessica , Tang Careen 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe expression of the potent, constitutively activated EGFR variant, EGFRvIII, has been linked to breast cancer metastasis, but the mechanisms of EGFRvIII and CXCR4 crosstalk, which may facilitate breast cancer invasion, have never been explored. Here we report that CXCR4 expression is increased in breast cancer cells expressing EGFRvIII regardless of the ER/PgR status of the cells. Treatment of EGFRvIII‐expressing breast cancer cells with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, AG1478, reverses CXCR4 expression back to levels expressed in parental cells. In addition, expressing EGFRvIII enhances CXCL12/CXCR4‐mediated invasion, which can be inhibited by CXCR4 inhibitors. Surprisingly, CXCR4 mRNA and its transcriptional regulator, HIF‐1α, are up‐regulated only in ER+/PgR+ estrogen‐dependent EGFRvIII‐expressing breast cancer cells, but not in ER‐/PgR‐ or estrogen‐independent cell lines, suggesting that HIF‐1α and hormone receptor‐mediated actions may have a role in the transcriptional regulation of CXCR4. We also demonstrate that p38 MAPK is one of the major down‐stream signaling molecules responsible for EGFRvIII/CXCR4‐mediated invasion as p38 MAPK activity was induced by CXCL12 stimulation under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. More interestingly, inhibition of p38 MAPK activity significantly reduced CXCR4 expression and inhibited the invasive potential of EGFRvIII‐expressing breast cancer cells, suggesting an essential role for p38 MAPK in EGFRvIII/CXCR4 induced invasion. Furthermore, CXCR4 is regulated post‐translationally through decreased expression of AIP4 and β‐arrestin 1/2, molecules involved in CXCR4 internalization, cellular trafficking and degradation. These results provide a plausible mechanism for EGFRvIII‐mediated invasion and establish a functional link between EGFRvIII and CXCR4 signaling pathways.