bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between the excretion of protostrongylid larvae in sheep in North-west Spain and climatic conditions
Authors: Díez-Baños P. , Morrondo-Pelayo P. , Feijoo-Penela A. , Carrillo-González B. , López-Sández C. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe relationship between different climatic factors (temperature, relative humidity and rainfall) and the pattern of lungworm larval excretion was studied in sheep under a continuous grazing pattern in North-west Spain, where the climate is intermediate between sub-humid Mediterranean with an Atlantic tendency and European Atlantic. Over a period of one year, 44 animals were sampled once a month at random from a flock of 80 Galician breed sheep, all over 4 years old. Faeces were taken directly from the rectum and the number of first stage larvae per gram of faeces was determined for each animal, and the species of Protostrongylidae (Nematoda) identified. Larval excretion was irregular during the study. The prevalence and intensity of infection were greater in the colder months (40.9%; x=12.3 ± 40.4) and less in the warmer months The species of Protostrongylidae identified and prevalences (%) were Neostrongylus linearis (71.5), Muellerius capillaris (18.8) and Cystocaulus ocreatus (9.7). Between November and March, with low temperatures, the prevalence and intensity of parasitism with N. linearis and M. capillaris were greater than in the months with high temperatures (May to September). Multiple linear regression analysis showed statistical correlation between temperature, relative humidity and rainfall considered together and the number of N. linearis larvae per gram of faeces. Linear regression showed a correlation between the temperature and the percentage of sheep that passed M. capillaris. In general, the prevalence and intensity of infection of the sheep with N. linearis, M. capillaris and C. ocreatus larvae decrease when the temperature increases and increase when the relative humidity and rainfall increases.
In vitro trapping capability of Arthrobotrys spp. on infective larvae of Haemonchus contortus and Nacobbus aberrans
Authors: Gives P. Mendoza-de , Zavaleta-Mejia E. , Herrera-Rodriguez D. , Quiróz-Romero H. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe trapping capability of Arthrobotrys oligospora and A. conoides (Hyphomycetales) against third stage larvae (L3) of Haemonchus contortus (Trichostrongylidae) was evaluated in an in vitro trial. Arthrobotrys oligospora showed a 35.87% and 25.71% trapping effectiveness against H. contortus infective larvae at 18 and 25°C, respectively; whereas the trapping capability of A. conoides was 92.17% and 90.40% at the same temperatures, respectively. Microscopic examination demonstrated that A. conoides spontaneously developed a large quantity of three-dimensional loops before the nematodes were added. Neither of the two species studied developed three-dimensional adhesive loops at 30°C, consequently no trapped nematode was observed. In a second trial, the trapping capability of A. conoides against H. contortus (L3) and second stage larvae (J2) of Nacobbus aberrans (Pratylenchidae), was evaluated at 25°C. The trapping capability shown by A. conoides was higher than 90% for both kinds of nematode. The possible use of A. conoides to control ovine haemonchosis is discussed.
Redial generations of Fasciola gigantica in the pulmonate snail Lymnaea truncatula
Authors: Rakotondravao  , Moukrim A. , Hourdin P. , Rondelaud D. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTLymnaea truncatula, 4 mm in height, were subjected to infection by a single miracidium of Fasciola gigantica, then raised at 23°C until day 60 of the experiment. Histological study of these snails demonstrated a mean redial burden of 34 parasites at day 60, of which one third were degenerating forms. The mean number of living independent rediae did not exceed 5 for the first and second generations. Conversely, in subsequent generations there were as many as 18 rediae per snail at day 60. The first living redia of the first generation in particular gave rise to daughter rediae. Mature rediae appeared at day 35 and especially concerned the first and second generations at day 60. The authors conclude that development of the first and second redial generations occurs during the same period, and that the forms of the first cohort of the second generation are produced from the first redia of the first generation which originated from the sporocyst.
Use of an aceto-carmine procedure to examine the excysted metacercariae of Echinostoma caproni and E. trivolvis
Authors: Fried B. , Manger P. M. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTA simple aceto-carmine procedure was developed to relax, fix, stain, and clear excystcd metacercariae of Echinostoma caproni and E. trivolvis. This procedure allowed for morphologic details on whole metacercariae comparable to those seen with more elaborate staining procedures. Differences in dimensions and staining intensities between the two species of metacercariae are described.
Acanthocephalan infection in man in northern Nigeria
Authors: Ikeh E. I. , Anosike J. C. , Okon E. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTAcanthocephalan ova, indistinguishable from the ovoid eggs of Moniliformis moniliformis, were detected in the stools of a 45-year-old man at the University of Jos Health Clinic. Nigeria. The patient complained of general body weakness, occasional giddiness and intermittent burning sensations around the umbilicus. Successful treatment with niclosamide and the possible source of infection are communicated.
Isoenzymatic pattern and structure of glutamate dehydrogenase from Ascaris suum
Authors: Cutillas C. , Rodriguez B. , Guevara D. C. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThe isoenzymatic pattern of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) has been described for Ascaris suum, a parasite of Sus scrofa domestica. Only one band of activity has been revealed, suggesting a monomorphic condition for this enzyme. Also, the structure of GDH has been assayed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE) and silver staining. Only one subunit was present with a molecular weight of about 55 000. A hexameric structure for GDH of A. suum is suggested.
Experimental transfer of adultOesophagostomum dentatumfrom donor to helminth naive recipient pigs: a methodological study
Authors: Bjørn H. , Roepstorff A. , Grøndahl C. , Eriksen L. , Bjerregaard J. , Nansen P. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis study was carried out to compare potential methods of transplanting adultOesophagostomum dentatumfrom experimentally infected donor pigs to helminth naive recipient pigs. The following methods were each tested in five pigs: A. Transfer of worms by stomach tube to the gastric ventricle of pigs per os pretreated with 0.5 mg/kg cisapride to increase gastrointestinal peristalsis; B. Transfer by stomach tube to the gastric ventricle of pigs per os pre-treated with cisapride (0.5 mg/kg) and omeprazol 20 mg which blocks hydrochloric acid secretion; C. Surgical transfer of worms to caecum of pigs. Worms for transplantation to pigs were obtained after slaughter of experimentally infected donor pigs and following isolation from the contents of the large intestine, using an agar gel migration technique. A mean of 1054 nematodes were transferred into each recipient pig within 2 hours. Procedures A and B resulted in establishment rates corresponding to only 0.5% and 7.6% of the transferred worms. In contrast, surgical transfer allowed 74.2% of the transplanted worms to be established. In all groups the transplanted worms migrated to the normal predilection site, i.e. the middle part` of the large intestine. More female than male worms established in all groups. It was concluded from this study that surgical transfer was the most reliable of the methods tested for experimental establishment of adultO. dentatumin helminth naive pigs.
The susceptibility of different species of sciarid flies to entomopathogenic nematodes
Authors: Gouge D.H. , Hague N.G.M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractSteinernema feltiae is the most effective nematode for controlling sciarid species but S. carpocapsae does exert some control. S. feltiae is less effective at 30°C than at 22°C. S. anomali, S. riobravis and two Heterorhabditis spp. gave better control at the higher temperature. All six sciarid species tested were susceptible to S. feltiae but there was some variation in the level of infection. UK isolates of S. feltiae were more effective against UK sciarids than the nematode isolates from other European countries which were tested. Adult sciarids are infected by S. feltiae and can disperse nematodes to nematode-free compost.
Effects of adoptive transfer of immune spleen cells on worm growth and microfilaraemia inBrugia pahangiinfection in Mongolian gerbils
Authors: Khan A.I. , Horii Y. , Ishikawa N. , Nawa Y. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractProtective immunity againstBrugia pahangiwas examined after adoptive transfer of immune spleen cells. Spleen cells obtained from gerbils at 8 weeks post-infection (p.i.) with 100 infective larvae (L3) ofB. pahangiwere transferred into naive recipients, and then 24 h later, they were infected with 100 L3ofB. pahangi. The recipients given normal spleen cells and infected by the same manner served as controls. Microfilarial counts in the circulation were monitored at designated times after infection and worm burden and the size of individual female worm were determined at 16 weeks p.i. to evaluate the effects of adoptive immunization. In addition, eosinophil responses and serum antibody titres were examined during the course of infection. In the control group, microfilariae first appeared in circulation at 9 weeks p.i. and continuously increased in number throughout the course examined. In contrast, microfilaraemia was almost completely suppressed in the group given immune spleen cells. Although worm burden was comparable between the two groups, the average size of female adult worms recovered from the adoptively immunized group was significantlysmaller than that from the control group. Eosinophil response was hastened and enhanced by adoptive transfer of immune spleen cells in the early stage of infection. Parasite- specific antibody response was also hastened by adoptive immunization. These results suggest that immune spleen cells could confer protective immunity mainly directed against adultB. pahangi.
Moisture and temperature requirements in faeces for the development of free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep, cattle and deer
Authors: Rossanigo C.E. , Gruner L. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIsolates from eight gastrointestinal nematode species parasitic in sheep, cattle and deer were maintained in sheep, to provide eggs in similar faecal environments and to compare temperature and moisture requirements for their development. Faecal cultures were processed at different temperatures (for four species) and moisture contents (for eight species). At 60% of faecal moisture content (FMC), maximal rates of development (expressed as L3/100 hatchable eggs estimated by an extraction technique from the faeves) were observed at 20, 23 and 28°C respectively for Ostertagia leptospicularis, O. ostertagi, Teladorsagia circumcinctaand Trichostrongylus colunriformis. For the eight species, the curves of development rates as functions of FMC were Gaussian, without modification between 18 and 28°C. Optimal developments were when the FMC ranged from 57 to 68%; low development of 1L3/100eggs were observed when the FMC ranged from 85 to 95% and from 25 to 55%. The main differences between species were in the ability of the eggs of Teladorsagia circumcincta, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, T. vitrinusand Chabertia ovina to develop at lower FMC than Haemonchus contortus, O. ostertagi, O. legptospicularis and Cooperia oncophora.
Effects of the anthelmintics clorsulon, rafoxanide, mebendazole and arprinocid on Echinostoma caproni in ICR mice
Authors: Maurer K. , Decere M. , Fried B. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractFemale ICR mice, 5 to 6 weeks old, were exposed by stomach tube to 25 metacercarial cysts of Echinostoma caproni per mouse. At 14 days post-exposure, mice were fed by stomach tube clorsulon (1000 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg) or rafoxanide (50 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg) dissolved in dimethy lsulphoxide (DMSO) carrier and mebendazole (1000mg/kg and 500 mg/kg) or arprinocid (100 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg) suspended in a2:1 polyethylene glycol (PEG)/DMSO carrier. All drugs were obtained from Meerck In. (Rahway, New Jersey, USA) and only single dose regimes were used. Experimentally infected mice that served as controls received either DMSO or 2:1 PEG/DMSO carriers or were not given the carrier. Mice were necropsied 15v, 16, 18 and 20 days post-exposure to worms. Doses of 100 mg/kg of clorsulon and 50 mg/kg of rafoxanide were 100% effective in eliminating the echinostomes on day 1 post-administration of the anthelmintics. Mebendazole and arprinocid were ineffection in eliminating worms at 1 or 2 days post drug daministration.
Wuchereria bancroftirecombinant antigen-derived poly- and monoclonal antibodies for the detection of circulating antigen(s) in the sera of lymphatic filarial patients
Authors: Theodore J.G. , Kaliraj P. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA sandwich antibody ELISA was employed for the detection of circulating filarial antigen in patients with bancroftian filariasis.Wuchereria bancroftirecombinant antigen-derived polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies were successfully used as the revealing antibodies and their efficiency was compared. All the microfilariae (mf) positive (by finger prick and examination of 20 μl of blood under the microscope) individuals tested showed the presence of circulating antigen(s). Among the antigen positive endemic normals (mf negative by the finger prick method), 43% showed microfilariae by a sensitive parasitological method viz. membrane filtration of the night blood samples. A significant correlation was observed between the parasite antigen levels and the blood microfilaria counts among the mf carriers. This information on the parasite antigen levels could be an ideal monitor to indicate the degree of active infection and in the follow up of chemotherapy.
Electrophoretic differentiation of soluble egg antigens fromSchistosoma mansoniisolates using SDS-PAGE
Authors: Pillay D. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn order to detect intraspecies differences among isolates ofSchistosoma mansonifrom different geographical regions, soluble egg antigens (SEAs) of three isolates were characterized using SDS-PAGE. SEAs were prepared from eggs of a South African (SA), Eastern Caprivian (EC) and Puerto Rican (PR) isolate, separated by SDS-PAGE, stained and the molecular masses of constituent polypeptides determined. Protein profiles differed for all three isolates with the number of polypeptides varying from 25 for the PR isolate to 27 for the EC and SA isolates. Molecular masses of the polypeptides fall within the range of 12.0 kDa to 97.9 kDa. The EC and SA isolates shared ten common polypeptides, the PR and SA isolates five and the PR and EC isolates two. Only a 30.8 kDa and a 12.0 kDa polypeptide were common to all three isolates. These differences may, to some extent, account for regional variations in the morbidity of intestinal schistosomiasis reported for different geographical isolates ofS. mansoni.
Mating behaviour of Echinostoma caproni and E. paraensei in concurrent infections in mice
Authors: Nollen P.M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractTen-day-old adults of Echinostoma caproni and E. paraensei, some of which had been exposed to 3-H-tyrosine to label sperm, were transplanted to mice in various combinations. Mating behaviour was followed on autoradiograms of worms recovered after 5 days by detecting the transfer of labelled sperm from labelled worms to themselves or to unlabelled worms. When single, labelled E. caproni adults were transplanted with unlabelled E. paraensei, they self-inseminated but did not show evidence of interspecies mating. No interspecies mating but self-insemination was observed when single, labelled E. paraensei and unlabelled E. caproni were transplanted together. When the labelled species had a choice of unlabelled adults of its own species or the opposite species, it mated in similar fashion to that seen in single species infections. The labelled species acted as if the opposite species was not present and showed an unrestricted mating pattern where it would both self- and cross-inseminate. Even though after transplant the E. paraensei adults were found in the duodenum and the E. caproni adults were found in the ileum, approximately 25% of the transplanted worms of both species were found within 1 cm of each other. Thus habitat separation was not a major cause of the lack of interspecies mating. Lack of reproductive recognition is another reason to separate E. caproni and E. paraensei into distinct species.
Cestocidal activity of Acacia auriculiformis
Authors: Ghosh N.K. , Babu S.P. Sinha , Sukul N.C. , Ito A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe cestocidal activity of Acacia auriculiformis was evaluated using rats each harbouring a single adult worm of Hymenolepis diminuta. The ethanol extract (300 mg/kg/day) and the saponins (200 mg/kg/day) obtained from the funicles of A. auriculiformis, were administered orally to two groups each of 10 rats, respectively, on day 20 after oral inoculation with a single cysticercoid of H. diminuta. Adult worms were expelled within 5 days from rats treated with the ethanol extract and within 3 days from those treated with saponins. No appreciable side effects were observed in the treated rats.
Naturally occurring entomopathogenic nematodes in the province of West-Flanders, Belgium
Authors: Miduturi J.S. , Moens M. , Hominick W.M. , Briscoe B.R. , Reid A.P. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe presence of naturally occurring entomopathogenic nematodes (epns) was surveyed in the West-Flanders province in the north-west of Belgium. In 21 sites of different agronomical situations, 130 soil samples were taken. Using the Galleria larva bait technique, 16 soil samples were found positive for epns. Fifteen samples were found to contain Steinernema spp. (nine S.feltiae, five S. affinis, one Steinemema species B3). The remaining positive sample contained Heterorhabditis sp. (North West European strain). The morphometric characters of the isolates were highly variable and did not correspond precisely to the original descriptions; however, biochemical characterization confirmed their identity. The epns were isolated from 50%, 18.8% or 12.3% of the samples taken in sand dunes, grassland or woodlands, respectively. S. feltiae and S. affinis were isolated in these three habitats; Heterorhabditis sp. was found in a grassland habitat. Steinernema feltiae was prevalent in loamy sand soils with a wide range of organic matter content; S. affinis, Heterorhabditis sp. and Steinernema species B3 were isolated in sandy loam soils. All the positive sample sites were in the pH range of 4.0–8.1. This is the first report of naturally occurring entomopathogenic nematodes in Belgium.
Effects of high fat diets on worm recovery, growth and distribution of Echinostoma caproni in ICR mice
Authors: Sudati J.E. , Reddy A. , Fried B. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe effects of high fat diets (HFDs) on the host–parasite relationship of Echinostoma caproni in ICR mice were studied. Two HFDs were used, one consisting of a customized high fat diet (CHFD) with 45% lipid in the form of cottonseed oil, and the second consisting of an egg yolk diet (EYD) from domestic hens' eggs, with 31% lipid. Controls for both diets consisted of mice fed a standard laboratory diet with 5% lipid. Mice were each fed 25 cysts of E. caproni by stomach tube and necropsied 2, 3 and 4 weeks postinfection (PI). The weight of mice on the CHFD declined significantly compared to mice on the control diet, but there was no significant decline in weight of mice fed EYD compared to the controls. Worm recoveries from mice on both HFDs were significantly less than those from control hosts. There was a significant decline in worm dry weight, body area and uterine egg counts in worms on HFD compared to those on the control diet. Worms from hosts on HFD were located more anteriad in the gut than those recovered from mice on the control diet.
In vitro effects of Trichinella spiralis on muscle cells
Authors: Leung R.K.M. , Ko R.C. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIntroduction of excretory/secretory (ES) products of both infective-stage and newborn larvae of Trichinella spiralis into cultures of primary rat myocytes elicited morphological and structural changes in the myotubes. They appeared more granular, thinner, and failed to form networks. The most prominent lesion was the formation of ‘nodular’ structures, each bearing an enlarged nucleus, along the myotubes. Each node contained numerous cavities enclosed by an intact sarcolemma. Co-culture of myocytes with newborn larvae also elicited nodular formation but each node contained a large central cavity encircled by smaller ones. An immunocytolocalization study using IFAT and laser confocal microscopy showed the presence of parasitic epitopes inside the nodes. However, ES products from adult worms did not affect the myotubes.
Proteoglycans from adult worms ofSchistosoma haematobium
Authors: Hamed R.R. , Maharem T.M. , El-Guindy A.S. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractDifferent types of proteoglycans (PGs) from adult worms ofSchistosoma haematobium, were sequentially extracted using chaotropic agents under associative conditions (0.5 M GnCl), dissociative conditions (4 M GnCl) and detergents (Triton X-100 and SDS). The extracts were designated Fl, F2, F3 and F4, respectively. The highest amount of uronic acid and carbohydrate was detected in the associative extract (Fl) while the highest amount of protein was detected in the SDS extract (F4). Agarose polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (A-PAGE) indicated the presence of a different PG in each extract with different electrophoretic mobilities. Agarose gel electrophoresis of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) separated from GnCl, associative and dissociative extracts, and the residue suggested the presence of dermatan sulphate in the two extracts and the residue, in addition to a GAG-like material found in the associative extract only. This glycosaminoglycan showed resistance to digestion with all mucopolysaccharidases and nitrous acid treatment. Gel filtration chromatography of associative extract on Sepharose CL-6B indicated the presence of three main uronic acid peaks (P1, P2 and P3). Chondroitin sulphate was the main GAG that could be detected in peak one (P1). Peak two (P2) contains carbohydrate and uronic acid but has no protein or absorbance at 280 nm. P2 has two types of GAGs: dermatan sulphate and a GAG-like material. The role of this PG in helping the adult schistosomes in evading immobilization by the host blood clotting cascade is discussed. Antibodies to peak one and peak two were detected in hamster sera infected withS. haematobiumandS. mansoniusing the ELISA test. The specificity of peak two was found to be evident in its low cross-reactivity (18.9%) when confronted withS. mansoniinfected sera.