bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide association study reveals a locus in ADARB2 for complete freedom from headache in Danish Blood Donors
Authors: Olofsson Isa Amalie , Kristjansson Ragnar P. , Callesen Ida , Davidsson Olafur , Winsvold Bendik , Hjalgrim Henrik , Ostrowski Sisse R. , Erikstrup Christian , Bruun Mie Topholm , Pedersen Ole Birger , Burgdorf Kristoffer S. , Banasik Karina , Sørensen Erik , Mikkelsen Christina , Didriksen Maria , Dinh Khoa Manh , Mikkelsen Susan ,   International Headache Genetic Consortium, Winsvold Bendik ,   DBDS Genomic Consortium, Hjalgrim Henrik , Ostrowski Sisse R. , Erikstrup Christian , Bruun Mie Topholm , Mikkelsen Christina , Didriksen Maria , Dinh Khoa Manh , Mikkelsen Susan , Pedersen Ole Birger , Burgdorf Kristoffer S. , Brunak Søren , Ullum Henrik , Chalmer Mona Ameri , Olesen Jes , Kogelman Lisette J. A. , Hansen Thomas Folkmann 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHeadache disorders are the most common disorders of the nervous system. The lifetime prevalence of headache disorders show that some individuals never experience headache. The etiology of complete freedom from headache is not known. To assess genetic variants associated with complete freedom from headache, we performed a genome-wide association study of individuals who have never experienced a headache. We included 63,992 individuals (2,998 individuals with complete freedom from headache and 60,994 controls) from the Danish Blood Donor Study Genomic Cohort. Participants were included in two rounds, from 2015 to 2018 and in 2020. We discovered a genome-wide significant association, with the lead variant rs7904615[G] in ADARB2 (EAF = 27%, OR = 1.20 [1.13–1.27], p = 3.92 × 10−9). The genomic locus was replicated in a non-overlapping cohort of 13,032 individuals (539 individuals with complete freedom from headache and 12,493 controls) from the Danish Blood Donor Study Genomic Cohort (p < 0.05, two-sided). Participants for the replication were included from 2015 to 2020. In conclusion, we show that complete freedom from headache has a genetic component, and we suggest that ADARB2 is involved in complete freedom from headache. The genomic locus was specific for complete freedom from headache and was not associated with any primary headache disorders.
Nesfatin-1 and nesfatin-1-like peptide attenuate hepatocyte lipid accumulation and nucleobindin-1 disruption modulates lipid metabolic pathways
Authors: Nasri Atefeh , Kowaluk Mateh , Widenmaier Scott B. , Unniappan Suraj 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNesfatin-1 (NESF-1) has been shown to modulate lipid metabolism. We have identified a nesfatin-1-like-peptide (NLP) processed from a related precursor nucleobindin 1 (NUCB1). Here we determined if NLP, like NESF-1, regulates lipid accumulation in vitro, and tested if the disruption of nucb1 gene affects hepatic lipid metabolism genes in mice. Hepatocytes (HepG2/C3A cells) express NLP and NESF-1 and both peptides significantly reduced lipogenic enzyme mRNAs and enhanced beta-oxidation enzyme mRNAs. Lipid contents in oleic acid induced HepG2/C3A cells were attenuated by NESF-1 and NLP. The inhibitory effect on cellular lipid content was blocked by compound C, an inhibitor of AMPK. The disruption of nucb1 gene affected lipid metabolism-related enzyme mRNAs, endogenous nucb2 mRNA and AMPK phosphorylation. The lipid-lowering effects identified here highlights the potential of nucleobindins and peptides processed from them to address lipid disorders, and its possible benefits in metabolic disease management.
Comparative profiling of serum, urine, and feces bile acids in humans, rats, and mice
Authors: Zheng Dan , Ge Kun , Qu Chun , Sun Tao , Wang Jieyi , Jia Wei , Zhao Aihua 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBile acids (BAs) play important pathophysiological roles in both humans and mammalian animals. Laboratory rats and mice are widely used animal models for assessing pharmacological effects and their underlying molecular mechanisms. However, substantial physiological differences exist in BA composition between humans and murine rodents. Here, we comprehensively compare BA profiles, including primary and secondary BAs, along with their amino acid conjugates, and sulfated metabolites in serum, urine, and feces between humans and two murine rodents. We further analyze the capabilities in gut microbial transform BAs among three species and compare sex-dependent variations within each species. As a result, BAs undergo amidation predominately with glycine in humans and taurine in mice but are primarily unamidated in rats. BA sulfation is a unique characteristic in humans, whereas rats and mice primarily perform multiple hydroxylations during BA synthesis and metabolism. For gut microbial transformed BA capabilities, humans are comparable to those of rats, stronger than those of mice in deconjugation and 7α-dehydroxylation, while humans are weak than those of rats or mice in oxidation and epimerization. Such differences enhance our understanding of the divergent experimental outcomes observed in humans and murine rodents, necessitating caution when translating findings from these rodent species to humans.
Multidimensional primate niche space sheds light on interspecific competition in primate evolution
Authors: van Holstein L. A. , McKay H. D. , Pimiento C. , Koops K. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCharacterising how the totality of primate diversity is distributed across the order, and how it evolved, is challenging because diversity in individual traits often show opposing phylogenetic patterns. A species’ combination of traits can be conceptualised as its ‘niche’. Here, we describe and analyse seven-dimensional niche space, comprising 11 traits, for 191 primate species. Multifaceted diversity is distributed unequally among taxonomic groups. Cercopithecoidea and Hominidae occupy the largest areas of niche space, and are the most diverse families; platyrrhine families occupy small areas, and this space overlaps with strepsirrhines. The evolution of species’ locations in niche space is regulated by selection for adaptive optima in trait combinations. Given that niche similarity results in interspecific competition, we quantify two measures of species’ niche locations relative to others. We find that omnivores, frugivores, and species tolerating higher temperatures experience stronger interspecific competition. Hominidae occupation of niche space suggests competitive exclusion from niches by Cercopithecoidea over evolutionary time; but living great apes experience the lowest levels of interspecific competition. Callitrichids experience the highest levels of interspecific competition. Our results provide a standardised measure of primate niches that sheds light on the partitioning and evolution of primate diversity, and how this is driven by interspecific competition.
Genome-wide cross-disease analyses highlight causality and shared biological pathways of type 2 diabetes with gastrointestinal disorders
Authors: Adewuyi Emmanuel O. , Porter Tenielle , O’Brien Eleanor K. , Olaniru Oladapo , Verdile Giuseppe , Laws Simon M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractStudies suggest links between diabetes and gastrointestinal (GI) traits; however, their underlying biological mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we comprehensively assess the genetic relationship between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and GI disorders. Our study demonstrates a significant positive global genetic correlation of T2D with peptic ulcer disease (PUD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), gastritis-duodenitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and diverticular disease, but not inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We identify several positive local genetic correlations (negative for T2D – IBD) contributing to T2D’s relationship with GI disorders. Univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomisation analyses suggest causal effects of T2D on PUD and gastritis-duodenitis and bidirectionally with GERD. Gene-based analyses reveal a gene-level genetic overlap between T2D and GI disorders and identify several shared genes reaching genome-wide significance. Pathway-based study implicates leptin (T2D – IBD), thyroid, interferon, and notch signalling (T2D – IBS), abnormal circulating calcium (T2D – PUD), cardiovascular, viral, proinflammatory and (auto)immune-mediated mechanisms in T2D and GI disorders. These findings support a risk-increasing genetic overlap between T2D and GI disorders (except IBD), implicate shared biological pathways with putative causality for certain T2D – GI pairs, and identify targets for further investigation.
Broad-spectrum ubiquitin/ubiquitin-like deconjugation activity of the rhizobial effector NopD from Bradyrhizobium (sp. XS1150)
Authors: Li Ying , Perez-Gil Jordi , Lois L. Maria , Varejão Nathalia , Reverter David 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe post-translational modification of proteins by ubiquitin-like modifiers (UbLs), such as SUMO, ubiquitin, and Nedd8, regulates a vast array of cellular processes. Dedicated UbL deconjugating proteases families reverse these modifications. During bacterial infection, effector proteins, including deconjugating proteases, are released to disrupt host cell defenses and promote bacterial survival. NopD, an effector protein from rhizobia involved in legume nodule symbiosis, exhibits deSUMOylation activity and, unexpectedly, also deubiquitination and deNeddylation activities. Here, we present two crystal structures of Bradyrhizobium (sp. XS1150) NopD complexed with either Arabidopsis SUMO2 or ubiquitin at 1.50 Å and 1.94 Å resolution, respectively. Despite their low sequence similarity, SUMO and ubiquitin bind to a similar NopD interface, employing a unique loop insertion in the NopD sequence. In vitro binding and activity assays reveal specific residues that distinguish between deubiquitination and deSUMOylation. These unique multifaceted deconjugating activities against SUMO, ubiquitin, and Nedd8 exemplify an optimized bacterial protease that disrupts distinct UbL post-translational modifications during host cell infection.
Altered projection-specific synaptic remodeling and its modification by oxytocin in an idiopathic autism marmoset model
Authors: Noguchi Jun , Watanabe Satoshi , Oga Tomofumi , Isoda Risa , Nakagaki Keiko , Sakai Kazuhisa , Sumida Kayo , Hoshino Kohei , Saito Koichi , Miyawaki Izuru , Sugano Eriko , Tomita Hiroshi , Mizukami Hiroaki , Watakabe Akiya , Yamamori Tetsuo , Ichinohe Noritaka 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAlterations in the experience-dependent and autonomous elaboration of neural circuits are assumed to underlie autism spectrum disorder (ASD), though it is unclear what synaptic traits are responsible. Here, utilizing a valproic acid–induced ASD marmoset model, which shares common molecular features with idiopathic ASD, we investigate changes in the structural dynamics of tuft dendrites of upper-layer pyramidal neurons and adjacent axons in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex through two-photon microscopy. In model marmosets, dendritic spine turnover is upregulated, and spines are generated in clusters and survived more often than in control marmosets. Presynaptic boutons in local axons, but not in commissural long-range axons, demonstrate hyperdynamic turnover in model marmosets, suggesting alterations in projection-specific plasticity. Intriguingly, nasal oxytocin administration attenuates clustered spine emergence in model marmosets. Enhanced clustered spine generation, possibly unique to certain presynaptic partners, may be associated with ASD and be a potential therapeutic target.
Magma titanium and iron contents dictate crystallization timescales and rheological behaviour in basaltic volcanic systems
Authors: Di Fiore Fabrizio , Vona Alessandro , Di Genova Danilo , Pontesilli Alessio , Calabrò Laura , Mollo Silvio , Taddeucci Jacopo , Romano Claudia , Scarlato Piergiorgio 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMagma ascending through Earth’s crust undergoes complex chemical and physical changes that may induce crystallization, a process that contributes to lead the magmatic system toward a thermodynamic state of equilibrium. The diverse cooling and deformative regimes suffered by magmas heavily influence crystallization rates, solidification timescales, and consequently, the rheological evolution of magma. This, in turn, significantly impacts the dynamics of volcanic plumbing systems and the associated eruptive styles. Here, we investigate the rheological changes in Stromboli magma (Italy) during disequilibrium crystallization under non-isothermal subliquidus conditions. By systematically varying the cooling rate (1-10 °C/min) and the shear rate (1-10 s−1), we find that cooling rates significantly influence the solidification path of the basalt, whereas shear rates have a subordinate effect. By comparing our results with literature data on basalts from Mt. Etna (Italy), characterized by higher TiO2 and FeOtot contents, we observed distinct timescales and rates of solidification, contributing to unique eruptive dynamics in these volcanic plumbing systems.
A plasma protein-based risk score to predict hip fractures
Authors: Austin Thomas R. , Nethander Maria , Fink Howard A. , Törnqvist Anna E. , Jalal Diana I. , Buzkova Petra , Barzilay Joshua I. , Carbone Laura , Gabrielsen Maiken E. , Grahnemo Louise , Lu Tianyuan , Hveem Kristian , Jonasson Christian , Kizer Jorge R. , Langhammer Arnulf , Mukamal Kenneth J. , Gerszten Robert E. , Psaty Bruce M. , Robbins John A. , Sun Yan V. , Skogholt Anne Heidi , Kanis John A. , Johansson Helena , Åsvold Bjørn Olav , Valderrabano Rodrigo J. , Zheng Jie , Richards J. Brent , Coward Eivind , Ohlsson Claes 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAs there are effective treatments to reduce hip fractures, identification of patients at high risk of hip fracture is important to inform efficient intervention strategies. To obtain a new tool for hip fracture prediction, we developed a protein-based risk score in the Cardiovascular Health Study using an aptamer-based proteomic platform. The proteomic risk score predicted incident hip fractures and improved hip fracture discrimination in two Trøndelag Health Study validation cohorts using the same aptamer-based platform. When transferred to an antibody-based proteomic platform in a UK Biobank validation cohort, the proteomic risk score was strongly associated with hip fractures (hazard ratio per s.d. increase, 1.64; 95% confidence interval 1.53–1.77). The proteomic risk score, but not available polygenic risk scores for fractures or bone mineral density, improved the C-index beyond the fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX), which integrates information from clinical risk factors (C-index, FRAX 0.735 versus FRAX + proteomic risk score 0.776). The developed proteomic risk score constitutes a new tool for stratifying patients according to hip fracture risk; however, its improvement in hip fracture discrimination is modest and its clinical utility beyond FRAX with information on femoral neck bone mineral density remains to be determined.
Multifaceted consequences of visual distraction during natural behaviour
Authors: Kumle Levi , Võ Melissa L.-H. , Nobre Anna C. , Draschkow Dejan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractVisual distraction is a ubiquitous aspect of everyday life. Studying the consequences of distraction during temporally extended tasks, however, is not tractable with traditional methods. Here we developed a virtual reality approach that segments complex behaviour into cognitive subcomponents, including encoding, visual search, working memory usage, and decision-making. Participants copied a model display by selecting objects from a resource pool and placing them into a workspace. By manipulating the distractibility of objects in the resource pool, we discovered interfering effects of distraction across the different cognitive subcomponents. We successfully traced the consequences of distraction all the way from overall task performance to the decision-making processes that gate memory usage. Distraction slowed down behaviour and increased costly body movements. Critically, distraction increased encoding demands, slowed visual search, and decreased reliance on working memory. Our findings illustrate that the effects of visual distraction during natural behaviour can be rather focal but nevertheless have cascading consequences.
CCD-optimized Moringa oleifera-based hydrogel for the targeted and controlled release of the anti-cancer drug Raloxifene: evaluation of hemocompatible, cytotoxic and antioxidant properties
Authors: Mankotia Priyanka , Sharma Kashma , Mishra Yogendra Kumar , Sharma Vishal , Kumar Vijay 
Published: May 2024

Naturally extracted Moringa oleifera gum has been utilized to synthesize a Moringa oleifera gum-based hydrogel for the pH-responsive sustained release of the anti-cancer drug Raloxifene.
Millimeter‐wave end‐fire dual‐polarized frequency scanning antenna using LTCC technology
Authors: Yu Pengfei , Wei Changning , Sun Liguo , Ji Zhuoqiao , Yu Fan , Xu Ke 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis letter proposes a millimeter‐wave dual‐polarized (DP) end‐fire frequency scanning antenna utilizing low temperature co‐fired ceramic (LTCC) technology. The antenna features DP radiating elements, each comprising a quasi‐Yagi antenna for horizontal polarization (H‐pol) and a pyramidal horn antenna for vertical polarization (V‐pol). These elements are excited via a mode‐composited transmission line (MCTL), integrating substrate integrated coaxial line (TEM mode) with substrate integrated waveguide (TE10 mode). To mitigate phase imbalances between polarizations during beam scanning, a delay line is embedded in each quasi‐Yagi element, ensuring consistent scanning ranges for the two polarizations. Furthermore, the implementation of amplitude weighting in the feeding networks contributes to the enhancement of antenna efficiency. A 1 × 8‐element prototype was fabricated and its performance is assessed. The results show closely matched beam scanning ranges for the two polarizations (±28° for H‐pol and −30° to +34° for V‐pol) across the 26–29 GHz frequency band, with a measured maximum peak gain exceeding 9.2 dBi for both polarizations. The proposed design emerges as a promising candidate for compact mmW frequency scanning front‐end antenna systems.
EEG‐based efficient demographic classification with selective data approach and scalable hybrid network
Authors: Lee Jinui , Han Jae‐Ho 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe proliferation of portable and wearable electroencephalography (EEG) devices has encouraged EEG research in various areas. These devices, while convenient, often come with limited computational capabilities. However, the challenge of minimizing network complexity for such edge devices was not fully addressed in previous studies. To tackle this, a scalable hybrid network is proposed to classify EEG signals with different demographic factors on edge devices. This model blends a convolutional neural network (CNN) with a self‐attention mechanism in a hybrid block structure. This design alternates between CNN layers and self‐attention layers to efficiently capture both local and global features. In this study, EEG signals acquired using a portable EEG device during gaming session is classified particularly into pre‐puberty and puberty stages. The developed scalable hybrid network (SH‐Net) has shown promising results in distinguishing between pre‐puberty and puberty EEG signals. As a result, the first stage of this model showed higher accuracy compared to other models in 10‐fold cross‐validation: 93.57% for four channels, 89.04% for the frontal lobe channels (AF), and 81.46% for the temporal lobe channels (TP). Notably, the third stage of this model, using the AF channel, achieved higher accuracy compared to other evaluated models that utilized four channels.
Topical Atropine for Myopia Control: A Review
Authors: Farassat Navid 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOver the past decade, atropine has emerged as an effective intervention for preventing myopia in children. Multiple randomized controlled trials, mainly from Asia, have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of topical atropine for myopia control. Both efficacy and side effects exhibit a positive dose-response relationship. This review focuses on new data from studies with predominantly white populations, ethnicity-dependent differences in efficacy and side effects, and primary prevention of incident myopia with atropine.
Antireflux mucosectomy for gastroesophageal reflux disease: efficacy and the mechanism of action
Authors: Kuipers Thijs , Oude Nijhuis Renske A.B. , Pouw Roos E. , Bredenoord Albert J. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background Previous studies suggested that antireflux mucosectomy (ARMS) is effective in reducing reflux symptoms and total acid exposure, although the mechanism is unknown. Our objective was to investigate the effect of ARMS on reflux parameters and its mechanism of action.
Methods Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) patients with insufficient symptom control despite a twice-daily proton pump inhibitor (PPI) underwent a piecemeal multiband mucosectomy of 50% of the circumference of the esophagogastric junction (EGJ), extending 2 cm into the cardia. The primary end point was the total number of reflux episodes during 24-hour pH-impedance studies.
Results 11 patients (8 men; median age 37 [interquartile range (IQR) 32–57] years) were treated, with one patient subsequently lost to follow-up. ARMS reduced the median (IQR) number of total reflux episodes (74 [60–82] vs. 37 [28–66]; P = 0.008) and total acid exposure time (8.7% [6.4%–12.7%] vs. 5.3% [3.5%–6.7%]; P = 0.03). Treatment reduced the median (IQR) number of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations (TLESRs) during a 90-minute postprandial period (4 [1–8] vs. 2 [1–4]; P = 0.03) and reflux symptom scores (3.6 [3.6–3.9] vs. 1.6 [0.7–2.7]; P = 0.005). Treatment did not increase the mean (SD) dysphagia scores (8.2 [7.3] vs. 8.5 [6.5]) or change the EGJ distensibility on impedance planimetry (4.4 [2.1] vs. 4.3 [2.2] mm2/mmHg). One delayed post-procedural bleed requiring repeat endoscopy occurred (10%); no strictures developed.
Conclusion ARMS is an effective treatment option in PPI-refractory GERD, reducing acid exposure, reflux episodes, and symptoms. While its working mechanism could not be explained by a difference in distensibility, a reduction in TLESRs might play a role.
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound features as a potential biomarker for the prediction of breast cancer recurrence
Authors: Lee Youn Joo , Kim Sung Hun , Kang Bong Joo , Kim Yun Ju 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose To investigate the associations between contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging features and disease recurrence among patients with locally advanced breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Materials and Methods In the study, pre- and post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy contrast-enhanced ultrasound images of 43 patients with breast cancer were retrospectively analysed. Post-acquisition image processing involved the placement of freehand-drawn regions of interest, followed by the generation of blood flow kinetics representing blood volume and velocity for these regions of interest. Qualitative and quantitative contrast-enhanced ultrasound parameters were compared to predict recurrence, and receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to evaluate predictive ability.
Results Among the 43 patients, 10 (23%) exhibited disease recurrence (median [range]: 27 [4–68] months). Post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy peak enhancement, wash-in area under the curve, wash-out area under the curve, and wash-in and wash-out area under the curve (p=0.003, p=0.004, p=0.026, and p=0.014, respectively) differed between the no-recurrence and recurrence groups. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.88; 95% confidence interval: 0.75–1.00) for post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy peak enhancement was the highest among the contrast-enhanced ultrasound parameters, with a cut-off of 13.33 arbitrary units.
Conclusion Higher peak enhancement on post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy contrast-enhanced ultrasound images was associated with recurrence in women with locally advanced breast cancer and is a potential biomarker of tumor recurrence.