bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Guava leaf extracts alleviate fatty liver via expression of adiponectin receptors in SHRSP.Z-Leprfa/Izm rats
Authors: Yoshitomi Hisae , Guo Xiangyu , Liu Tonghua , Gao Ming 
Published: February 2012

Abstract

Background
In recent years, the number of people with metabolic syndrome has continued to rise because of changing eating habits, and accompanying hepatic steatosis patients have also increased. This study examined the effect of guava leaf extract on liver fat accumulation using SHRSP.Z-Leprfa/IzmDmcr rats (SHRSP/ZF), which are a metabolic syndrome model animal.

Method
Seven-week-old male SHRSP/ZF rats were divided into two groups, a control group and a guava leaf extract (GLE) group. We gave 2 g/kg/day GLE or water by forced administration for 6 weeks. After the experimental period, the rats were sacrificed and organ weight, hepatic lipids, serum aminotransferase and liver pathology were examined. To search for a possible mechanism, we examined the changes of key enzyme and transcriptional factors involved in hepatic fatty acid beta-oxidation.

Results
The triglyceride content of the liver significantly decreased in the GLE group in comparison with the control group, and decreased fat-drop formation in the liver tissue graft in the GLE group was observed. In addition, the improvement of liver organization impairments with fat accumulation restriction was suggested because blood AST and ALT in the GLE group significantly decreased. Furthermore, it was supposed that the activity of AMPK and PPARα significantly increased in the GLE group via the increase of adiponectin receptors. These were thought to be associated with the decrease of the triglyceride content in the liver because AMPK and PPARα in liver tissue control energy metabolism or lipid composition. On the other hand, insulin resistance was suggested to have improved by the fatty liver improvement in GLE.

Conclusion
Our results indicate that administration of GLE may have preventive effects of hepatic accumulation and ameliorated hepatic insulin resistance by enhancing the adiponectin beta-oxidation system. Guava leaf may be potentially useful for hepatic steatosis without the side effects of long-term treatments.
Kinetics of DNA methylation inheritance by the Dnmt1-including complexes during the cell cycle
Authors: Hervouet Eric , Nadaradjane Arulraj , Gueguen Marine , Vallette François M , Cartron Pierre-François 
Published: February 2012

Abstract

Background
The clonal transmission of lineage-specific DNA methylation patterns in a mammalian genome during the cellular division is a crucial biological process controlled by the DNA methyltransferase Dnmt1, mainly. To investigate possible dynamic mechanisms of DNA methylation inheritance during the cell cycle, we used a Proximity Ligation In Situ Assay (P-LISA) to analyze the kinetic of formation and DNA recruitment of Dnmt1-including complexes.

Results
P-LISA, sequential chromatin immunoprecipitation and quantitative methylation specific PCR revealed that the Dnmt1/PCNA/UHRF1-including complexes are mainly formed and recruited on DNA during the S-phase of cell cycle, while the formation and the DNA recruitment of several Dnmt1/transcription factors-including complexes are not S-phase dependent but are G0/G1 and/or G2/M phases dependent.

Conclusion
Our data confirm that DNA methylation inheritance occurs in S-phase, and demonstrate that DNA methylation inheritance can also occur in G0/G1 and G2/M phases of the cell cycle.
Ultra late onset group B streptococcal sepsis with acute renal failure in a child with urethral obstruction: a case report
Authors: Freudenstein Daniela , Reinshagen Konrad , Petzold Angela , Debus Angelika , Schroten Horst , Tenenbaum Tobias 
Published: February 2012

Abstract

Introduction
Group B streptococci are a well-known cause of early and late onset sepsis. In neonates and older children gram-negative bacteria are mostly found in urinary tract infections and urosepsis. In adults predisposing factors for group B streptococci urinary tract infection may include diabetes mellitus and chronic renal failure.

Case presentation
We present a rare case of a five-month-old Caucasian boy with ultra late onset urosepsis and acute renal failure caused by group B streptococci serotype V. Excretion urography showed a subvesical obstruction that consequently was surgically corrected after antibiotic treatment of the acute infection.

Conclusions
Group B streptococci serotype V, urogenitary tract malformations, previous hospitalization and medical interventions may be important risk factors for the development of ultra late onset Group B streptococci sepsis in non-neonates.
Comprehensive behavioral analysis of ENU-induced Disc1-Q31L and -L100P mutant mice
Authors: Shoji Hirotaka , Toyama Keiko , Takamiya Yoshihiro , Wakana Shigeharu , Gondo Yoichi , Miyakawa Tsuyoshi 
Published: February 2012

Abstract

Background

Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) is considered to be a candidate susceptibility gene for psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression. A recent study reported that N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)-induced mutations in exon 2 of the mouse Disc1 gene, which resulted in the amino acid exchange of Q31L and L100P, caused an increase in depression-like behavior in 31 L mutant mice and schizophrenia-like behavior in 100P mutant mice; thus, these are potential animal models of psychiatric disorders. However, remaining heterozygous mutations that possibly occur in flanking genes other than Disc1 itself might induce behavioral abnormalities in the mutant mice. Here, to confirm the effects of Disc1-Q31L and Disc1-L100P mutations on behavioral phenotypes and to investigate the behaviors of the mutant mice in more detail, the mutant lines were backcrossed to C57BL/6JJcl through an additional two generations and the behaviors were analyzed using a comprehensive behavioral test battery.

Results
Contrary to expectations, 31 L mutant mice showed no significant behavioral differences when compared with wild-type control mice in any of the behavioral tests, including the Porsolt forced swim and tail suspension tests, commonly used tests for depression-like behavior. Also, 100P mutant mice exhibited no differences in almost all of the behavioral tests, including the prepulse inhibition test for measuring sensorimotor gating, which is known to be impaired in schizophrenia patients; however, 100P mutant mice showed higher locomotor activity compared with wild-type control mice in the light/dark transition test.

Conclusions
Although these results are partially consistent with the previous study in that there was hyperactivity in 100P mutant mice, the vast majority of the results are inconsistent with those of the previous study; this discrepancy may be explained by differences in the genetic background of the mice, the laboratory environment, experimental protocols, and more. Further behavioral studies under various experimental conditions are necessary to determine whether these Disc1 mutant mouse lines are suitable animal models of schizophrenia and major depression.
Are Ascaris lumbricoides and Ascaris suum a single species?
Authors: Leles Daniela , Gardner Scott L , Reinhard Karl , Iñiguez Alena , Araujo Adauto 
Published: February 2012

AbstractSince the original description and naming ofAscaris lumbricoidesfrom humans by Linnaeus in 1758 and later ofAscaris suumfrom pigs by Goeze 1782, these species have been considered to be valid. Four hypotheses relative to the conspecificity or lack thereof (and thus origin of these species) are possible: 1)Ascaris lumbricoides(usually infecting humans) andAscaris suum(recorded mostly from pigs) are both valid species, with the two species originating via a speciation event from a common ancestor sometime before the domestication of pigs by humans, or 2)Ascaris lumbricoidesin humans is derived directly from the speciesA. suumfound in pigs withA. suumthen existing as a persistent ancestor after formation ofA. lumbricoides, or 3)Ascaris suumis derived directly fromA. lumbricoideswith the persistent ancestor beingA. lumbricoidesandA. suumbeing the newly derived species, and finally, 4)Ascaris lumbricoidesandA. suumare the same species, this hypothesis being supported by studies showing both low morphological and low genetic divergence at several genes. We present and discuss paleoparasitological and genetic evidence that complement new data to evaluate the origin and evolution ofAscarisspp. in humans and pigs, and the uniqueness of the species in both hosts. Finally, we conclude thatAscaris lumbricoidesandA. suumare a single species and that the nameA. lumbricoidesLinnaeus 1758 has taxonomic priority; thereforeA. suumGoeze 1782 should be considered a synonym ofA. lumbricoides.
Article Series: Communications from the division "Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology" of the German Chemical Society (GDCh) -Statements and reports of the working groups "Environmental Monitoring" and "Soil Chemistry and Soil Ecology"
Authors: Rüdel Heinz , Hennecke Dieter , Kördel Werner , Fischer Klaus 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
A continuous task of the working group "Environmental Monitoring" is the development of methods and guidelines for a systematic and long-term analytical control of the chemical burden of environmental compartments and biota A new recommendation regarding the substance-related environmental monitoring is published in "Environmental Science and Pollution Research" (Rüdel et al., 2009). The "Chemical and Biological Monitoring Series", published in the same journal, originates from the working group or from its individual members also. Some central points of these articles are picked up and updated in this report. Current topics of major concern are the transformation of pharmaceuticals and its consequences for environmental monitoring and the monitoring of biocides and nanoparticles.
Besides other objectives the working group "Soil Chemistry and Soil Ecology" focuses on the development and standardisation of methods for the chemical, physical, and biological characterisation of soil pollution by specific contaminants as well as on the elaboration of methods for the assessment of potential harmful effects on soil, soil ecology, and on other potentially targeted environmental media. Recently the working group has summarized its main outcomes and conclusions in the position paper "Target Orientated Exposition Estimation in Soil Assessment" which is part of this report. Furthermore several other initiatives and activities of the working group are presented.
Reconciliation of Core and Log Data Analysis in Very Thin Reservoirs of Krishna Godavari Basin, India
Authors: Yadav Lalaji , Dutta Tanmoy , Sinha Neeraj 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Deep water Tertiary reservoirs of Krishna Godavari basin are generally very complex and heterogeneous, ranging from massive thick sands to highly laminated very thin sand/shale sequences beyond the vertical resolution of imaging tools. Verification of log-derived quantities in very thin reservoirs is frequently difficult because of bias and scatter introduced by non-uniform or incomplete plugging of the available over 750 meters of conventional cores. As laminar shale does not occupy or alter the intergranular sand porosity, the conventional way of validation of log derived porosity and water saturation with core data showing excellent correlation does not ensure the correctness of petrophysical evaluations.
In this paper, it has been demonstrated that there are potential problems associated with the integration of petrophysical evaluation and core data. Sources of errors are mainly due to the use of different parametric systems viz. using of the terms shale volume and clay volume interchangeably and validating log derived shaliness with clay abundance from XRD core data. Shaliness derived from logs cannot be directly correlated with such core data because neither de-averaging of lithology on log analysis nor averaging of core data is possible for the effective core-log integration.
Average hydrocarbon pore volume in laminated reservoirs is linearly related to the average cumulative net sand fraction or shaliness of the formation. Laminar sand porosity and water saturations are independent of shaliness or net sand. Excellent correlation of log derived deconvolved data sets like porosity and water saturation with core measurements does not validate the correctness of hydrocarbon pore volume estimation, which is linearly related to net sand. Accurate estimation of hydrocarbon pore volume requires an accurate calibration of laminar sand/shale volumes, which can be precisely validated only with lamcount data.
FEA Modelled MSE/UCS Values Optimise PDC Design for Entire Hole Section
Authors: Hammoutene Cherif , Bits Smith 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe value of the mechanical specific energy (MSE) concept to analyze drilling efficiency and bit performance is well established. Recent operator-driven research has concentrated on predicting and maximizing rate of penetration (ROP). The specific energy ROP model has been successfully implemented in numerous high-cost/high-profile environments. To further advance the mechanical specific energy (MSE) concept, an engineering team is developing a methodology to optimize polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bit design for the entire hole section based on modeled MSE and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) values.Traditionally, PDC design engineers adjust cutter density/size, back rake, blade count and nozzle placement to optimize the bit for a specific application. The goal is to maximize ROP and total footage capabilities by minimizing damaging vibrations (axial, lateral, torsional) in a predetermined series of formations. Generally, the selected design has the least potential for vibration across all lithology types. PDC bits can generally drill a homogeneous formation without issues, but when transitioning zones or penetrating interbedded/unexpected formations vibrations can lead to performance degradation and cutter damage.The industry requires a method to unify bit efficiency throughout the entire section on a meter-by-meter basis. To calculate a bit efficiency factor (Em), engineers are utilizing a sophisticated, integrated, dynamic engineering modeling system. They start with a meter-by-meter correlation between actual borehole lithology and a digitized rock library (UCS). MSE is then calculated using the modeled drilling parameters, torque, and ROP. The resulting two curves are then standardized by calculating the mean value of MSE/UCS fraction to derive a hard value bit efficiency factor. By overlapping the two curves, design and field engineers can identify lithologies that have the optimum correlation then compute the mean efficiency factor for the interval and use it as baseline for the entire hole section.In the test case study a 38m thick shale section offered the best match, yielding a median efficiency factor. Using the fixed median efficiency factor, engineers designed and optimized a PDC bit for the entire 16-in. hole section instead of each specific formation. The resulting ROP was significantly improved, as is documented in a case study that will be presented.
Geomechanics Helped Improving Cementing Quality in South Iraq Fields
Authors: Soroush Hamed , Zaki Said , Shaheed Bilal Sami , Kalathingal Paul , Qutob Hani , Khdier Basem 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Cementing is a major factor affecting the integrity of a well for its entire life. Proper cement bonding to the casing and formation is a key measure of well integrity. Unlike most drilling related activities, the cement placed into wells must remain competent for the entire life of the well and beyond to ensure no fluid leakage even after the well has been abandoned.
Cementing operations in the giant southern field of Rumaila were conducted using single 15.80 ppg cement slurry. The slurry was tested in laboratory for its thickening time, free water and compressive strength. However, reviewing and interpretation of the cement bond logs indicated poor cement quality with no cement in some intervals.
Review of daily drilling reports showed a significant amount of mud losses during drilling through some of the carbonate formations, mainly the Dammam, Tayarat, Shiranish and Hartha. A geomechanical study was performed in order to define the safe operating mud weight window. This study revealed that the formation fracture gradient was significantly lower that the utilized cement weight. This implied that cementing with this high cement weight could reopen the natural fractures and even create new fractures which could consequently open conduits for cement slurry losses.
As a result, it was recommended to use quality light weight cement instead of the current filler cement and perform cementing in more than two stages in order to improve the quality of cementing operation and to avoid fracturing the formation. Furthermore, additives such as fiber and sodium silicate were recommended to be added to combat losses through open fractures and vugs.
Considering some of these recommendations, the quality of the cement job was significantly improved in subsequent wells.
Joint Stimulation-Water Shut-off Technology Leads to Extra Oil from Mature Fields
Authors: Kosztin B.. , Ferdiansyah E.. , Zadjali F.. , Al-Sharji H.. , Al-Ma'amari K.. , Al-Salmani S.. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
There are number of challenges encountered in oil production of mature, depleted fields like naturally fractured complex carbonate reservoirs found in Oman and the Middle East Region. These include production under high water cut ranging from 90 to 99%, the presence of conductive natural fractures connected to the aquifer in the producing zones, multi-zone production and reservoir heterogeneities encountered in each zone.
Conventional acid stimulation at such reservoir conditions is rather questionable, showing no economic value and exhibits very high risk of losing the remaining oil production with unwanted, further increased water production. However, acid stimulation combined with water control gives good opportunity for recovering extra oil using hydrophobic chains containing associative polymer.
The polymer adsorption has double roles during and after the treatments acting as an acid diverter and water control agent as relative permeability modifier. In naturally fractured producing zones, this combined method shows lower risk and better potential than in those zones where matrix flow exists only.
In summary, this paper will cover the theory behind the above-mentioned method, stimulation challenges, candidate selection, treatment design and the results of the campaign started since 2006 in one of matured fields in North Oman. The campaign focused on oil producing wells having more than 97 % water cut. These trials were the last chance for achieving acceptable oil production before abandonment. The main achievement of the campaign resulted in more than 207% incremental oil (net) added to the stock tank in parallel with 1.5% average water cut reduction. The technology will be applied in a bigger scale as part of production optimization.
Drilling Intervention - Milling and Fishing of High Strength Aluminum Drill Pipe
Authors: Nicolescu Adrian , Fisher Jerry , Haq Mohammed A. , Bailey Tom , Lazarev Alexander 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Superior dependability of the drill string plays an important role in drilling deep and especially ultra-deep, highly inclined and long departure horizontal wells, where it is often exposed to extreme loading conditions in a high pressure and high temperature environment. This need has resulted in the technological development of high strength Aluminum Drill Pipe (ADP) for use in deep and ultra-deep wells, where its' properties and the advantages that it offers can make a significant contribution to reaching the most challenging of drilling targets. Drilling intervention operations such as milling and fishing are also a major challenge in such extreme environments and have led to the development of new tools and techniques to address them.
This paper will review the use of ADP in comparison to steel drill pipe and discuss the milling scenarios of cemented and un-cemented drill pipe as well as fishing operations using external and internal engagements. The intent of this paper is to disseminate technical knowledge in this new area of drilling technology.
WAX Deposition Forecast
Authors: Semenov Andrey 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
In case of altering PVT-properties change of the aggregate state of oil is one of the main issues in the oil processing. When oil lifts to the surface the most advantageous energy state of high weight components becomes the state in which a part of the molecules becomes solid. Phase behavior diagrams could actually be plotted using typical compositional simulator. But even if one knows the phase behavior, he still won't be able to understand the WAX deposition in the tubing or pipeline and will not forecast this process performance.
As some authors mentioned, the resins and asphaltenes concentration in the oil affects the WAX deposition velocity. Due to the high complexity of a crystallization mechanism the high weight molecules are not taken into consideration in a phase behavior simulator. Thus for the opportunity of qualitative characterization of the oil tendency to the aggregation the oil from different reservoirs has been compared.
Due to the temperature gradient between rock (permafrost) and oil the probability of WAX deposition in the tubing appears. Deposition growing model presupposes different diffusion assumptions. Equilibrium model and film mass transfer model (as well as solidification and separation) have been applied. Using these models the WAX growing velocity and tubing drift diameter have been forecasted.
Due to the harsh north environment there is a serious risk of oil solidification in the surface pipeline in a case of pump stopping. Based on the laboratory measurements, with the help of stepwise approximation the oil viscosity dependence on temperature has been derived. By solving heat transfer equation (between oil in the pipeline and environment) and using nodal analysis the maximum safety time in a case of accident in the pipeline has been determined.