bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hereditary Palmoplantar Keratodermas
Authors: Braun‐Falco Markus 
Published: April 2009

SummaryHereditary palmoplantar keratodermas (PPK) comprise a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of genodermatoses, which share impaired epidermal differentiation resulting in prominent palmoplantar hyperkeratosis. Classically, keratodermas have been separated according to their clinical appearance into diffuse, focal, and as a feature of ectodermal dysplasias and many other syndromes. Since molecular genetic analyses have helped characterize the underlying genetic defects in an increasing number of hereditary PPK over the last two decades, a pathophysiological separation seems more reasonable. Today PPK can be classified based on defects in keratins, loricrin, desmosomes, connexins, and cathepsins. Although these proteins have different structures and functions, all of them influence epidermal differentiation and cornified envelope assembly. Depending on tissue distribution and location of mutation with a certain gene, the clinical spectrum of PPK range from a pure palmoplantar restricted skin abnormality to a complex combination of symptoms with dental anomalies, deafness, progressive cardiomyopathy and even cancer. Solely for those reasons, a correct diagnosis based on molecular genetic analyses is mandatory, although a causal therapy is still not available. Instead, several therapeutic modalities including topical ointments, surgical interventions and systemic retinoids help to reduce the patients’ symptoms.
RESERVOIR ARCHITECTURE IN A TERMINAL ALLUVIAL PLAIN: AN OUTCROP ANALOGUE STUDY (UPPER TRIASSIC, SOUTHERN GERMANY) PART 1: SEDIMENTOLOGY AND PETROPHYSICS
Authors: Hornung J. , Aigner T. 
Published: April 2009

This outcrop analogue study investigates Triassic fluvial sandstones (Stubensandstein Formation) deposited on a terminal alluvial plain under semi‐arid to sub‐humid climatic conditions in the land‐locked South German Keuper Basin. The Stubensandstein may serve as an analogue for reservoir units in comparable continental basins. Data came from studies of (i) 13 large sandpits: in total, these have wall faces that cover over 80,500 sq.m, while single wall faces are to 480m wide and 50m high; (ii) three subsurface welllog clusters (comprising up to 20 boreholes), and four single wells. In this paper, two representative outcrops in proximal and distal palaeogeographic positions are discussed in detail.This study combines the results of the following methodologies:

Sedimentological analysis: Fourteen lithofacies types and nine types of architectural element were identified. Exposed sandpit walls allowed distinct styles of alluvial architecture to be mapped, ranging from proximal to distal end members. Channel geometries change from ribbon‐like to sheet‐like, and lateral accretions change their lithofacies make up from sandy to muddy.
Ground penetrating radar: 2km of radar lines were recorded, and buried architectural elements were traced behind sandpit faces revealing their 3D geometries.
Petrophysics: A total of 1,860 permeability, 1,360 porosity and 4,500 gamma‐ray measurements were made in order to characterize fluid‐flow units. Porosity and permeability data show characteristic trends and distributions within the architectural elements. Lithofacies types can be grouped into four petrophysical rock types which show differences in poro‐perm values and frequency distributions which are related to depositional energy. The average permeability of sandbodies decreases by two orders of magnitudes from about 700md to 1md along palaeogeographic proximal to distal trends. Based on these data five types of fluid flow units with characteristic features were distinguished.

Data derived from the outcrop studies concerning sandbody dimensions and geometry, reservoir architecture and interconnectedness, poro‐perm trends and fluid‐flow units may be useful for subsurface reservoir characterization and modelling in similar settings. Part 2 of this paper will focus on the larger‐scale cyclicity, and provide depositional, palaeoclimatic and reservoir models.
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN TECTONIC ACTIVITY AND EUSTATIC SEA‐LEVEL CHANGES IN THE PINDOSAND MESOHELLENIC BASINS, NW GREECE: BASIN EVOLUTION AND HYDROCARBON POTENTIAL
Authors: Avramidis P. , Zelilidis A. , Vakalas I. , Kontopoulos N. 
Published: April 2009

This paper investigates the sedimentological response of the Tertiary Pindos and Mesohellenic Basins to localized tectonic and eustatic sea‐level changes in a submarine setting dominated by turbidite deposition. Five composite stratigraphic cross‐sections were compiled from field data, three in the Pindos Basin and two in the Mesohellenic Basin; 45 samples were dated by means of nannofossil bio stratigraphy. On the basis of these field studies, we relate observed changes in depositional environment to eustatic sea‐level changes and to activity on local thrusts. Between the early Eocene and the late Miocene, tectonically‐driven subsidence in both basins was generally more significant than eustatic variations in controlling depositional patterns. However, depositional conditions can be related to eustatic changes at four specific times:

late Eocene submarine fans and deltaic or fan‐delta deposits in the Mesohellenic Basin can be related to a sea‐level rise (NP17) and subsequent fall (NP18‐19), respectively;
the development of submarine fans in both basins during the early to middle Oligocene (NP22‐23) can be related to a sea‐level rise;
a late Oligocene (NP24‐25) sea‐level fall can be related to more restricted depositional conditions, accompanied by intra‐basinal thrusting in the Pindos Basin and the presence of two indentors in the Mesohellenic Basin;
a change from deep‐water (submarine fan) to shallow‐marine deposition during the late Miocene in the Mesohellenic Basin can be related to a eustatic fall in sea‐level.

Standard organic geochemical analyses were carried out on 93 samples from both basins, including Rock‐Eval pyrolysis and column and gas chromatography. Preliminary results indicate that the sedimentary sequences in both the Pindos and Mesohellenic Basins may have the potential to generate natural gas.
Experience Sampling Methods: A Modern Idiographic Approach to Personality Research
Authors: Conner Tamlin S. , Tennen Howard , Fleeson William , Barrett Lisa Feldman 
Published: April 2009

AbstractExperience sampling methods are essential tools for building a modern idiographic approach to understanding personality. These methods yield multiple snapshots of people's experiences over time in daily life and allow researchers to identify patterns of behavior within a given individual, rather than strictly identify patterns of behavior across individuals, as with standard nomothetic approaches. In this article, we discuss the origin and evolution of idiographic methods in the field of personality and explain how experience sampling methods function as modern day idiographic methods in this field. We then review four primary ways in which experience sampling methods have been used to foster idiographic approaches in personality research. Specifically, we highlight approaches that examine individual differences in temporal and behavioral distributions, situation–behavior contingencies, daily processes, and the structure of daily experience. Following a brief methodology primer, we end by discussing future directions for idiographic experience sampling approaches in personality psychology and beyond.
Residential exposure to radiofrequency fields from mobile phone base stations, and broadcast transmitters: a population-based survey with personal meter
Authors: Viel J F , Clerc S , Barrera C , Rymzhanova R , Moissonnier M , Hours M , Cardis E 
Published: April 2009

Objectives:Both the public perceptions, and most published epidemiologic studies, rely on the assumption that the distance of a particular residence from a base station or a broadcast transmitter is an appropriate surrogate for exposure to radiofrequency fields, although complex propagation characteristics affect the beams from antennas. The main goal of this study was to characterise the distribution of residential exposure from antennas using personal exposure meters.Methods:A total of 200 randomly selected people were enrolled. Each participant was supplied with a personal exposure meter for 24 h measurements, and kept a time–location–activity diary. Two exposure metrics for each radiofrequency were then calculated: the proportion of measurements above the detection limit (0.05 V/m), and the maximum electric field strength. Residential address was geocoded, and distance from each antenna was calculated.Results:Much of the time, the recorded field strength was below the detection level (0.05 V/m), the FM band standing apart with a proportion above the detection threshold of 12.3%. The maximum electric field strength was always lower than 1.5 V/m. Exposure to GSM and DCS waves peaked around 280 m and 1000 m from the antennas. A downward trend was found within a 10 km range for FM. Conversely, UMTS, TV 3, and TV 4&5 signals did not vary with distance.Conclusions:Despite numerous limiting factors entailing a high variability in radiofrequency exposure assessment, but owing to a sound statistical technique, we found that exposures from GSM and DCS base stations increase with distance in the near source zone, to a maximum where the main beam intersects the ground. We believe these results will contribute to the ongoing public debate over the location of base stations and their associated emissions.
Copy Number Alterations that Predict Metastatic Capability of Human Breast Cancer
Authors: Zhang Yi , Martens John W.M. , Yu Jack X. , Jiang John , Sieuwerts Anieta M. , Smid Marcel , Klijn Jan G.M. , Wang Yixin , Foekens John A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe have analyzed the DNA copy numbers for over 100,000 single-nucleotide polymorphism loci across the human genome in genomic DNA from 313 lymph node–negative primary breast tumors for which genome-wide gene expression data were also available. Combining these two data sets allowed us to identify the genomic loci and their mapped genes, having high correlation with distant metastasis. An estimation of the likely response based on published predictive signatures was performed in the identified prognostic subgroups defined by gene expression and DNA copy number data. In the training set of 200 patients, we constructed an 81-gene prognostic copy number signature (CNS) that identified a subgroup of patients with increased probability of distant metastasis in the independent validation set of 113 patients [hazard ratio (HR), 2.8; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.4–5.6] and in an external data set of 116 patients (HR, 3.7; 95% CI, 1.3–10.6). These high-risk patients constituted a subset of the high-risk patients predicted by our previously established 76-gene gene expression signature (GES). This very poor prognostic group identified by CNS and GES was putatively more resistant to preoperative paclitaxel and 5-fluorouracil-doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide combination chemotherapy (P = 0.0048), particularly against the doxorubicin compound, while potentially benefiting from etoposide. Our study shows the feasibility of using copy number alterations to predict patient prognostic outcome. When combined with gene expression–based signatures for prognosis, the CNS refines risk classification and can help identify those breast cancer patients who have a significantly worse outlook in prognosis and a potential differential response to chemotherapeutic drugs. [Cancer Res 2009;69(9):3795–801]
A Novel A33 Promoter–Based Conditionally Replicative Adenovirus Suppresses Tumor Growth and Eradicates Hepatic Metastases in Human Colon Cancer Models
Authors: Cafferata Eduardo G. , Macció Daniela R. , Lopez Maria V. , Viale Diego L. , Carbone Cecilia , Mazzolini Guillermo , Podhajcer Osvaldo L. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Purpose: A33 antigen is a membrane-bound protein expressed in intestinal epithelium that is overexpressed in 95% of primary and metastatic colorectal carcinomas but is absent in most epithelial tissues and tumor types. We hypothesized that A33 promoter might be useful in the design of a conditionally replicative adenovirus for the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC).
Experimental Design: We cloned an A33 promoter fragment (A33Pr) that extends from −105 to +307 bp. Using luciferase activity as a reporter gene, we showed that A33Pr was active in CRC cell lines. We next constructed a conditionally replicative adenovirus named AV22EL where E1A was placed under the control of A33Pr. The tumor-specific oncolytic effect of AV22EL was investigated both in vitro and in vivo.
Results: AV22EL induced specific in vitro lysis of human CRC cell lines that expressed A33 and have negligible lytic capacity on cells that lacked or had minimal A33 expression, including normal human colonic cells. In vivo, a marked reduction of tumor growth and increased long-term survival rates were observed in nude mice xenografted with s.c. CRC tumors. Combination with 5-fluorouracil induced an additive effect in vitro with no toxic effects in vivo. Remarkably, AV22EL completely eliminated established hepatic metastases in &gt;90% of mice and restored hepatic function according to biochemical parameters. Its systemic administration induced E1A expression only in the hepatic metastasis but not in normal organs.
Conclusions: These data show that AV22EL is a stringently regulated and potent oncolytic agent for the treatment of CRC.
Sunitinib Prolongs Survival in Genetically Engineered Mouse Models of Multistep Lung Carcinogenesis
Authors: Gandhi Leena , McNamara Kate L. , Li Danan , Borgman Christa L. , McDermott Ultan , Brandstetter Kathleyn A. , Padera Robert F. , Chirieac Lucian R. , Settleman Jeffrey E. , Wong Kwok-Kin 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has a poor prognosis, with substantial mortality rates even among patients diagnosed with early-stage disease. There are few effective measures to block the development or progression of NSCLC. Antiangiogenic drugs represent a new class of agents targeting multiple aspects of tumor progression, including cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and outgrowth of metastatic deposits. We tested the multitargeted angiogenesis inhibitor sunitinib in a novel endogenous mouse model of NSCLC, which expresses a conditional activating mutation in Kras with or without conditional deletion of Lkb1; both alterations are frequent in human NSCLC. We showed that daily treatment with sunitinib reduced tumor size, caused tumor necrosis, blocked tumor progression, and prolonged median survival in both the metastatic (Lkb1/Kras) and nonmetastatic (Kras) mouse models; median survival was not reached in the nonmetastatic model after 1 year. However, the incidence of local and distant metastases was similar in sunitinib-treated and untreated Lkb1/Kras mice, suggesting that prolonged survival with sunitinib in these mice was due to direct effects on primary tumor growth rather than to inhibition of metastatic progression. These collective results suggest that the use of angiogenesis inhibitors in early-stage disease for prevention of tumor development and growth may have major survival benefits in the setting of NSCLC.
Levels of Prostaglandin E Metabolite and Leukotriene E4 Are Increased in the Urine of Smokers: Evidence that Celecoxib Shunts Arachidonic Acid into the 5-Lipoxygenase Pathway
Authors: Duffield-Lillico Anna J. , Boyle Jay O. , Zhou Xi Kathy , Ghosh Aradhana , Butala Geera S. , Subbaramaiah Kotha , Newman Robert A. , Morrow Jason D. , Milne Ginger L. , Dannenberg Andrew J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractCyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) play a role in inflammation and carcinogenesis. Biomarkers that reflect tobacco smoke–induced tissue injury are needed. In this study, levels of urinary prostaglandin E metabolite (PGE-M) and leukotriene E4 (LTE4), biomarkers of the COX and 5-LO pathways, were compared in never smokers, former smokers, and current smokers. The effects of celecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, on levels of PGE-M and LTE4 were determined. Baseline levels of PGE-M and LTE4 were positively associated with smoking status; levels of PGE-M and LTE4 were higher in current versus never smokers. Treatment with 200 mg celecoxib twice daily for 6 ± 1 days led to a reduction in urinary PGE-M levels in all groups but exhibited the greatest effect among subjects with high baseline PGE-M levels. Thus, high baseline PGE-M levels in smokers reflected increased COX-2 activity. In individuals with high baseline PGE-M levels, treatment with celecoxib led to a significant increase in levels of urinary LTE4, an effect that was not found in individuals with low baseline PGE-M levels. In conclusion, increased levels of urinary PGE-M and LTE4 were found in human smokers, a result that may reflect subclinical lung inflammation. In individuals with high baseline levels of PGE-M (elevated COX-2 activity), celecoxib administration shunted arachidonic acid into the proinflammatory 5-LO pathway. Because 5-LO activity and LTE4 have been suggested to play a role in cardiovascular disease, these results may help to explain the link between use of COX-2 inhibitors and cardiovascular complications.
Taxonomic notes on the snakes of Northern Cyprus, with observations on their morphologies and ecologies
Authors: Göçmen Bayram , Atatür Mehmet , Budak Abidin , Bahar Hasan , Yildiz Mehmet Zülfü , Alpagut-Keskin Nuren 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA total of 66 specimens belonging to eleven snake species, some of which were collected during the field studies of 17-31 July and 3-25 September 2003, and some others which have been previously collected and all have been deposited into the collection of ZDEU (Zoology Dept. Ege University), were evaluated taxonomically. 25 of the specimens belonged to Typhlopidae, 37 to Colubridae, three to Viperidae and one to Boidae. These specimens were evaluated from the points of view of pholidosis, pattern and coloration and morphological measurements. Some biological and ecological information were also given with the brief geological history of eastern Mediterranean region.
The Legal Framework of Capital Movements and Current Payments in Palestine and its Compatibility with International Law
Authors: Fares Samer 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSince its inauguration in 1994, the Palestinian Authority (PA) has taken responsibility over Palestinian economy and finance. The PA lifted all restrictions on the movement of capital and current payments. Although this has moved Palestinian economy from a heavily controlled economy to a market-based style, the liberalization process was not built on sound legal bases and thus created a legal vacuum. The PA has been working ever since to confirm the Palestinian free-market economy with the introduction of a new well-developed legal system consistent with international standards and norms. Therefore, the objectives of this article are to analyze the Palestinian liberalization process and its compatibility with international law obligations.
A Paradigm Shift in Assessing /Evaluating the Value and Significance of Hadīth in Islamic Thought: From 'ulūmu-l-isnād/rijāl to 'usūlu-l-fiqh
Authors: Duderija Adis 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis article proposes a new method for assessing and evaluating the function and value of Hadīth literature in Islamic thought, especially in relation to 'usūlu-l-fiqh sciences. It argues that the classical Islamic scholarships embodied either by methodologies developed by the Muhadīthūn with the primary focus on isnād- and rijāl-based Hadīth analysis or the epistemological evaluation of Hadīth in the hands of the 'Usūliyyūn is inadequate in developing a systematic methodology that would be able to ultimately resolve the current impasse on the questions of Sunnah compliance of otherwise vast (Sunni and Shi'a) Hadīth bodies of knowledge. Instead, it argues that the ultimate assessment, evaluation and definitive 'value' or significance of Hadīth literature, especially in the areas of law theory, jurisprudence but also theology, rests upon the broader questions concerning issues pertaining to what the author refers to as Qur'āno–Sunnahic hermeneutics. The article draws upon a published article on the new methodology of the nature and the scope of the concept of Sunnah developed by the same author elsewhere in which a direct hermeneutic relationship between Hadīth and the symbiotic nature of the Qur'āno–Sunnahic hermeneutic relationship is established in order to argue that the questions of Hadīth authenticity and reliability take a secondary role in their overall assessment and evaluation, especially in 'usūlu-l-fiqh theory. Instead (hermeneutic or exegetical) Hadīth value, significance and role is primarily determined in relation to its position with regards to the delineating features and the epistemological and methodological assumptions of a particular Qur'āno–Sunnahic hermeneutic model.
A Study of Relationships between Florida Thunderstorm Properties and Corresponding Anvil Cloud Characteristics
Authors: Theisen Chris J. , Kucera Paul A. , Poellot Michael R. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractTropical thunderstorms produce large amounts of cirrus anvil clouds, which have a large effect on the climate system. Modeling of the cirrus anvil is a very important factor in the driving processes in atmospheric, climate, and radiation budget models. The current research project is focused on determining the relationships between the thunderstorm intensity and cirrus anvil characteristics of storms during the Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers–Florida Area Cirrus Experiment (CRYSTAL-FACE). During July 2002, 19 different storms were selected for analysis. A vertical profile of reflectivity was extracted for each cell in which the maximum reflectivity, and maximum 10- and 40-dBZ height were identified. A majority of the thunderstorms in this study were single cells or isolated multicell clusters initiated from outflow boundaries or sea-breeze interactions. The results show that a general thunderstorm life cycle characteristic time sequence was determined, finding that the maximum reflectivity occurred on average 10 min after the cell first appeared in the base scan reflectivity image. The anvil origin and maximum height were found to occur approximately 10 and 25 min after maximum reflectivity, respectively. The anvil’s mean particle size was found to increase with time and decrease with altitude. The opposite relationship holds true for the particle concentration. Contour analysis has shown that the particle size increased with increased thunderstorm intensity and time after maximum reflectivity. An increase in convective core intensity corresponds to increased anvil particle concentrations early after maximum reflectivity, as was observed.