bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An exploration of dynamic relationship between tourist arrivals, inflation, unemployment and crime rates in Malaysia
Authors: Foon Tang Chor 
Published: December 2010

PurposeThe main purpose of this study is to examine the dynamic relationship between tourist arrivals, inflation, unemployment and crime rates in Malaysia. This study covered the annual data from 1970 to 2008.Design/methodology/approachThe multivariate Johansen‐Juselius cointegration test is employed to examine the potential long‐run equilibrium relationship. While the Granger causality test within the vector error‐correction modelling (VECM) framework is applied to determine the causal relationship between crime rate and its determinants.FindingsThe Johansen‐Juselius cointegration test result reveals that the variables are cointegrated and the dynamic ordinary least squares estimator suggest that unemployment, inflation and tourist arrivals are positively related to crime rates in Malaysia. For Granger causality, in the long‐run tourist arrivals, inflation and unemployment rates Granger cause crime rate in Malaysia. However, in the short run we find bilateral causality between unemployment, crime and tourist arrivals. Finally, the variance decompositions and impulse response functions analyses implied that unemployment, inflation and tourist arrivals are important in explaining the variation in crime for Malaysia.Originality/valueThe estimated crime rate function for Malaysia demonstrated that promoting supply‐side economy and also increases the numbers of police and patrolling duties in the potential crime areas will reduce the crime rate in Malaysia and in the same time attract more tourist arrivals to Malaysia.
Innovative titanium dioxide‐kaolin mixed pigments performance in anticorrosive paints
Authors: Ahmed Nivin M. , Selim Mohamed M. 
Published: December 2010

PurposeKaolin is a soft, white mineral mainly composed of coarse‐ to fine‐grained, plate‐like aluminum silicate particles. As kaolin assists with desired rheological properties that help maintain proper dispersion and provide bulk to the product, it is used as an important extender in paint manufacture. It can be used to reduce the amount of expensive pigments, such as titanium dioxide. In spite of these uses, kaolin has the disadvantage of having coarse particles and low hiding power. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new class of pigments based on kaolin as a core and titanium dioxide as the shell.Design/methodology/approachIn the work reported in this paper, kaolin was used as a core covered with a surface layer of titanium dioxide comprising the shell in order to combine their properties and get over kaolin's disadvantages, besides enhancing its corrosion protection properties. The pigments prepared were characterised using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Deposition of titanium dioxide on the surface of kaolin was confirmed by Energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDAX) and X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) techniques. Pigment properties were estimated according to American standard testing methods (ASTM) methods and then were incorporated in anticorrosive paint formulations based on medium oil alkyd resin. The physico‐mechanical and corrosion properties of dry paint films were determined according to ASTM methods.FindingsThe tests revealed that the concentration of titanium dioxide layer deposited on kaolin surface was inversely proportional to the anticorrosive behaviour of these pigments.Practical implicationsThe pigments can be applied in other polymer composites, e.g. rubber and plastics as filler and reinforcing agent.Originality/valueThe pigments prepared are eco‐friendly that can replace other expensive pigments. These pigments can compensate for the presence of titanium dioxide in paint formulations successfully, and thus lower the costs. The main advantage of these pigments is that they combine the properties of both of their counterparts, they are of lower cost, and they also overcome the disadvantages of both its counterparts, e.g. low hiding power of kaolin, photochemical activity of titanium dioxide. Also, they can be applied in other industries other than paints, e.g. paper, rubber and plastics composites.
Whey‐protein based environmentally friendly wood adhesives
Authors: Gao Zhenhua , Yu Guoping , Bao Yihong , Guo Mingruo 
Published: December 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop an environmentally safe aqueous polymer‐isocyanate (API) wood adhesive for structural uses with whey protein isolate (WPI) that is a by‐product of cheese making.Design/methodology/approachThe API formulations with whey proteins denatured at different heating temperatures and times, WPI/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) denaturing processes, PVA contents and nano‐CaCO3(as filler) contents were investigated and optimised according to the JIS K6806‐2003 standard.FindingsA whey‐protein based API adhesive was developed which had 28 h boiling‐dry‐boiling wet compression shear strength 6.81 MPa and dry compression shear strength 13.38 MPa beyond the required values (5.88 and 9.81 MPa, respectively) for structural use of commercial standards. The study also indicated that the thermal denaturation of 40 per cent WPI solution at 60‐63°C could unfold the globular structure of whey protein to some extent and therefore improve the bond strength and bond durability of whey‐protein based API adhesive; the additions of PVA and nano‐CaCO3as filler had a significant effect on the bond strength and bond durability of whey‐protein based API adhesive.Research limitations/implicationsThe thermally denatured WPI solutions (40 wt%) incline towards being decayed by moulds if not properly formulated.Practical implicationsOwing to the good bond strength and durability and environmental safety, the optimised whey‐protein based API adhesives have greater potential for commercial applications, especially for the structural wood bonds.Originality/valueA novel API wood adhesive for structural use was developed using whey proteins that are often regarded as a waste due to their relatively small molecules and compact globular structures.
Loosening the Gordian knot: the role of emotional intelligence in construction
Authors: Love Peter , Edwards David , Wood Elliot 
Published: December 2010

PurposeA perennial problem faced by construction professionals, educators and researchers is what needs to be done to improve project performance? In addressing this question, the need for the switching of lenses from the dominant operations paradigm to one that focuses on organizational behavior is advocated. Emotional intelligence (EI) is a growing area of behavioral investigation which is considered to be positively related to occupational success, satisfaction, emotional health and adjustment. This paper aims to look at its influence.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper emotions are examined and the usefulness measures of EI are discussed and critiqued. The paper then looks more closely at the way in which EI may relate to success in a common position within the construction industry, that of the construction manager.FindingsRecommendations are made on the ways in which research and practice can contribute to project success through attention to the link between EI and project performance.Practical implicationsIn construction, there is a real need to examine how individuals, teams and the structure of projects influence behavior, if the improvements being sought within the industry are to be realistically achieved. Potentially EI, in conjunction with other assessment tools, could be used by construction organizations to significantly improve the performance of construction managers and their teams.Originality/valueSeveral researchers in construction have begun to examine EI but have limited understanding about its underlying origins and the problems associated with many of the tools that have been developed. The paper provides invaluable guidance about how EI could be used to improve the performance of construction projects.
How top performers achieve customer‐focused market leadership
Authors: Heller Baird Carolyn , Gonzalez‐Wertz Cristene 
Published: December 2010

PurposeThe IBM Institute for Business Value recently surveyed nearly 500 customer relationship management executives – across roles, industries and management responsibilities – in 66 countries. The goal was to assess the current state of marketing, sales and service and to document how top performers achieve customer‐focused market leadership in the emerging digital age.Design/methodology/approachUsing the survey the paper seeks to identify the best practices of market leaders.FindingsAnalysis of the survey responses indicates that three categories of market leaders are likely to emerge by 2012: customer insight leaders – companies that optimize data analysis, transform it into something useful and create measurable value; digital channel leaders – companies that harness new methods of creating value through customer interactions and new products, services and business models in an always‐on digital world; and new era leaders – companies that incorporate the best practices of each.Practical implicationsThe success of companies will depend on the degree to which they embrace new digital communications, service, marketing and delivery channels (digital channel leaders); cater to the needs and demands of a new breed of enlightened and empowered consumer (customer insight leaders) or do both (new era leaders).Originality/valueIBM asked participants what tactics they would take to differentiate themselves in the next three years. The paper groups them into three core strategies: cost and complexity reduction, strategic service delivery and innovative market making.
Legal and accounting issues of manipulating the timing of stock option grants
Authors: Oppenheimer Pete H. 
Published: December 2010

PurposeMany corporate managers, with the aid of the board of directors, discovered that they could provide themselves with guaranteed or excessive compensation by manipulating the terms of stock option grants that were included in their compensation packages. This paper seeks to examine the legal, tax, and accounting issues that have evolved because of these suspect illegal activities.Design/methodology/approachThe author presents the theory behind performance‐based compensation that is the basis for employee stock option grants. The author then examines regulations, judicial theory, and court cases to determine the current legal status of backdating, spring loading, or bullet dodging of executive stock option grants.FindingsThe current legal environment has made it difficult for executives to continue the practice of manipulating stock option grants without falling under the ire of regulators and shareholders. However, a question remains whether executives that manipulated stock option grants in the past will be found criminally liable for their acts.Practical implicationsThe paper's review of the discourse on the legality of corporate executives enhancing their compensation packages shows the complexity of detecting and regulating this type of suspect activity.Originality/valueThis paper presents a contemporaneous discussion and data on legal and regulatory changes that resulted from management malfeasance of executive compensation.
The uses of irresistible inference
Authors: Murray Kenneth 
Published: December 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assert that the exclusive use of predicate offence as a means of proving money laundering is an inadequate response to the level of threat presented by the crime. It aims to promote the concept of “irresistible inference” from UK case law as a basis for establishing international consensus that this provides an alternative and possibly more effective means of prosecuting the crime.Design/methodology/approachThe paper considers academic research into the incidence of money laundering and the effectiveness of anti‐money laundering measures; it considers the efficacy of current UK legislation on money laundering; assesses legal views on recent developments in UK case law relating to the concept of “irresistible inference”; identifies what “irresistible inference” looks like and asserts its practical value as an alternative basis for proving criminality of funds in money laundering prosecutions.FindingsAn effective international response to the increasing threat to international institutions posed by money laundering requires development of new approaches to proving criminality of funds. The use of irresistible inference as an alternative to predicate offence, however, requires development of the international understanding of what it looks like in order that relevant policy makers and legal decision makers can deploy it with confidence so that it is able to make the significant contribution to the international effort against money laundering it is capable of.Practical implicationsTo facilitate the necessary international consensus, it may be necessary in some jurisdictions to amend legislation where it currently relies on predicate offence for the prosecution of money laundering cases.Social implicationsA failure to effectively combat international money laundering implies acceptance of an attitude of complacency in the face of increasing exposure to levels of threat in the form of political and social corruption, organized crime and terrorism that ought to be unacceptable to the international community.Originality/valueInternational acceptance of “irresistible inference” as a means of proving criminality in money laundering cases would deliver a radically more hostile environment for international money launderers. This paper is designed to open up thinking along these lines across international borders.
General characteristics of civil forfeiture
Authors: Nikolov Nikolay 
Published: December 2010

PurposeThis paper attempts to clarify and describe the general characteristics of civil forfeiture as a new national and international tool in the fight against organized crime.Design/methodology/approachThe paper analyzes and compares the civil forfeiture legislations of five counties – the USA, Great Britain, Ireland, Bulgaria and Serbia and draws conclusions on the general characteristics of this legal phenomenon.FindingsThere are substantial differences between criminal and civil forfeiture which set the latter apart as an independent legal phenomenon. Unfortunately, few countries have effective legislations which regulate this tool for fighting organized crime. The importance of civil forfeiture lies in the fact that it shakes the economic foundations of organized crime using the methods and procedures of civil and administrative law even, in some countries, after the court has issued a verdict of “not guilty”.Originality/valueThe paper stresses the importance of international laws and regulations for the unification and development of national civil forfeiture legislations. The paper proposes that one way to develop civil forfeiture is to strengthen the imperative nature of EU legislation; to present annual reports at national and EU level before the EU Parliament and national parliaments proposing measures for the development and acceleration of the process; to turn CARIN into an EU institution. The paper also emphasizes the importance of the decisions of the Strasbourg court as standards for the application of civil forfeiture legislation.
The dark triad: organized crime, terror and fraud
Authors: Perri Frank S. , Brody Richard G. 
Published: December 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to recognize that organized crime and terrorism do not always operate independently from each other but, at times, rely on each other to create synergistic outcomes and use the same tactics and methods to advance their goals such as the use of fraud.Design/methodology/approachSources of information consisted of scholarly articles and articles retrieved from the web.FindingsFindings suggest that over time the crime‐terror nexus has increased its collaborative nature and terrorists have adopted the use of fraud schemes that were initially believed to be methods used only by organized crime to finance their organizations and goals.Originality/valueThis paper serves as a useful guide to alert and educate anti‐fraud professionals, law enforcement and policy makers of the nexus between organized crime, terrorism and fraud and that fraud should not be viewed as a peripheral issue in the crime‐terror nexus.
The global anti‐money laundering court as a judicial and institutional imperative
Authors: Mugarura Norman 
Published: December 2010

PurposeThe paper aims to argue the case for the introduction of a global anti‐money laundering (AML) court. The proposed court as an institution can engender a rule‐based ethos as well as an environment for the transposition of AML regimes and requisite global changes into the society.Design/methodology/approachThe paper was written by exploiting the significance of the court system to the development of any society. In particular, the paper draws on a pivotal role played by the European Court of Justice in enhancing economic integration of European member countries. Another example utilised by this paper was the dispute settlement mechanism (DSM) in the WTO. The DSM evolved an effective framework for settling international trade disputes and fundamentally helped to streamline the system. This paper is of the contention that the court would ease the adoption of global AML regimes and consequently ease the co‐existence of countries in relation to global AML initiatives.FindingsThe paper has delineated that any global initiatives either on money laundering (ML) or otherwise will have to reside in a form of institutional framework for them to work effectively. Short of that, it is possible that there will be enormous challenges for global AML regimes to function properly as envisaged.Research limitations/implicationsThe author is cognizant of the fact that states are still mandated to veto his prepositions based on the principle of sovereignty of nations. States can also refuse to lend their support – in its various dimensions to the proposed court.Practical implicationsIt has to be noted that creating global AML regimes that are not going to work is not good enough and in case it amounts to a wastage of scarce resources that would better be utilised somewhere else.Social implicationsML in its various manifestations has far reaching consequences for lives of people wherever it is committed and should be accorded the seriousness it deserves.Originality/valueThe paper has been written based on the appreciation of the need to create enforcement mechanisms of engendered global AML/combating financing of terrorism (CFT) regimes. There are so many regimes masquerading as global, having been constituted with the mandate that give them a global reach and yet, they do not live up to their expectation.
Transshipment and trade‐based money laundering
Authors: Liao Jasper , Acharya Arabinda 
Published: December 2010

PurposeAs determined by the Financial Action Task Force, trade‐based money laundering (TBML) has become one of the three major money laundering methods used today. However, there has been very limited acknowledgment of the risk and counter‐measures against TBML until recently. This is particularly problematic with ever increasing trade volumes through transshipment and container shipping which is getting larger by the day. This paper aims to examine the role of TBML as a vehicle for terrorism financing and laundering proceeds of other criminal activity. It also examines the practice of transshipment, analyzes the challenges that this particular phenomenon poses to detection of TBML activity, and looks at possible alternative policy responses to mitigate additional money laundering risks.Design/methodology/approachThis paper analyzes reports made by international organizations and government bodies, particularly, the US Government, dealing with various aspects of financial crime, import/export activity, and world trade statistics, in order to identify major challenges and possible solutions to the problem. Interviews were also conducted with the same goals.FindingsEfforts to monitor and staunch the flow of illicit money through trade would be enhanced through more widespread coverage of customs cooperation and standardization of information sharing procedures between national customs agencies. Also, measures should be taken to make free trade areas more transparent to regulatory scrutiny.Originality/valueThis paper serves to expand the limited amount of scholarship on TBML and to suggest a policy approach towards detection of this kind of money laundering activity to policymakers.
Risk‐based AML regulation on internet payment services in China
Authors: Yan Lixin , Ai Lishan , Tang Jun 
Published: December 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to reveal the money laundering vulnerabilities of internet payment services, to analyse the key elements of conducting risk‐based approach (RBA), and finally to provide recommendations of apply RBA to anti‐money laundering (AML) regulations on internet payment services in China.Design/methodology/approachThis paper analyses the characteristics of internet payment systems, introduces the latest arrangements associated with the third‐party payment services and payment and settlement system in China, and provides case of Alipay to illustrate the importance of carrying out AML regulation on Chinese internet payment industry.FindingsThe internet payment industry in China is increasingly booming, but the regulation in this field is obviously lagged. Recent regulation arrangements published by the People's Bank of China present the determination of Chinese Government to put the third‐party payment industry (including internet payment service) under the national AML regulation.Originality/valueThis paper highlights the money laundering vulnerabilities of internet payment services in China and recommends that AML regulation on internet payment services should focus on “back‐end” account controls on the basis of risk‐rating practice.