bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A phase II, non-comparative randomised trial of two treatments involving liposomal amphotericin B and miltefosine for post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis in India and Bangladesh
Authors: Sundar Shyam , Pandey Krishna , Mondal Dinesh , Madhukar Major , Kamal Topno Roshan , Kumar Ashish , Kumar Vinod , Kumar Verma Deepak , Chakravarty Jaya , Chaubey Rahul , Kumari Poonam , Rashid Md. Utba , Maruf Shomik , Ghosh Prakash , Raja Sheeraz , Rode Joelle , den Boer Margriet , Das Pradeep , Alvar Jorge , Rijal Suman , Alves Fabiana 
Published: June 2024

Background
In Southeast Asia, treatment is recommended for all patients with post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL). Adherence to the first-line regimen, twelve weeks of miltefosine (MF), is low and ocular toxicity has been observed with this exposure period. We assessed the safety and efficacy of two shorter-course treatments: liposomal amphotericin B (LAmB) alone and combined with MF.

Methodology/Principal findings
An open-label, phase II, randomized, parallel-arm, non-comparative trial was conducted in patients with parasitologically confirmed PKDL, 6 to ≤60 years. Patients were assigned to 20 mg/kg LAmB (total dose, in five injections over 15 days) alone or combined with allometric MF (3 weeks). The primary endpoint was definitive cure at 12 months, defined as complete resolution of papular and nodular lesions and >80% re-pigmentation of macular lesions. Definitive cure at 24 months was a secondary efficacy endpoint. 118/126 patients completed the trial. Definitive cure at 12 months was observed in 29% (18/63) patients receiving LAmB and 30% (19/63) receiving LAmB/MF (mITT), increasing to 58% and 66%, respectively, at 24 months. Most lesions had resolved/improved at 12 and 24 months for patients receiving LAmB (90%, 83%) and LAmB/MF (85%, 88%) by qualitative assessment. One death, unrelated to study drugs, was reported; no study drug-related serious adverse events were observed. The most frequent adverse drug reactions were MF-related vomiting and nausea, and LAmB-related hypokalaemia and infusion reactions. Most adverse events were mild; no ocular adverse events occurred.

Conclusions/Significance
Both regimens are suitably safe and efficacious alternatives to long-course MF for PKDL in South Asia.

Trial registration
CTRI/2017/04/008421.
Prevalence and risk factors of transmission of hepatitis delta virus in pregnant women in the Center Region of Cameroon
Authors: Ndzie Ondigui Juliette-Laure , Mafopa Goumkwa Nadège , Lobe Cindy , Wandji Brigitte , Awoumou Patrick , Voussou Djivida Prisca , Peyonga Puinta , Manju Atah Solange , Verbe Vivian , Kamgaing Simo Rachel , Moudourou Sylvie Agnès , Gutierrez Ana , Garcia Rosi , Fernandez Isabelle , Riwom Essama Sara Honorine , Mbu Robinson , Torimiro Judith 
Published: June 2024

Background
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis delta virus (HDV) co-infection has been described as the most severe form of viral hepatitis, and can be co-transmitted from mother-to-child. A seroprevalence of 4.0% of HDV infection was reported in pregnant women in Yaoundé, and 11.9% in the general population in Cameroon. Our objective was to describe the rate of HDV infection in HBsAg-positive pregnant women and to determine risk factors associated with mother-to-child transmission of HDV.

Materials and methods
A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted from January 2019 to July 2022 among pregnant women attending antenatal contacts in seven health structures in the Centre Region of Cameroon. A consecutive sampling (non-probability sampling) was used to select only pregnant women of age over 21 years, who gave a written informed consent. Following an informed consent, an open-ended questionnaire was used for a Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) survey of these women, and their blood specimens collected and screened for HBsAg, anti-HIV and anti-HCV antibodies by rapid tests and ELISA. HBsAg-positive samples were further screened for HBeAg, anti-HDV, anti-HBs, and anti HBc antibodies by ELISA, and plasma HDV RNA load measured by RT-qPCR.

Results
Of 1992 pregnant women, a rate of 6.7% of HBsAg (133/1992) with highest rate in the rural areas, and 3.9% of hepatitis vaccination rate were recorded. Of 130, 42 (32.3%) were anti-HDV antibody-positive, and 47.6% had detectable HDV RNA viraemia. Of 44 anti-HDV-positive cases, 2 (4.5%) were co-infected with HBV and HCV, while 5 (11.4%) with HIV and HBV. Multiple pregnancies, the presence of tattoos and/or scarifications were significantly associated with the presence of anti-HDV antibodies. Of note, 80% of women with negative HBeAg and positive anti-HBe serological profile, had plasma HDV RNA load of more than log 3.25 (>10.000 copies/ml).

Conclusion
These results show an intermediate rate of HDV infection among pregnant women with high level of HDV RNA viremia, which suggest an increased risk of vertical and horizontal co-transmission of HDV.
The effect of behavioral activation play therapy in adolescents with depression: A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Huang Xiaolong , Chen Yuqi , Luo Jiacheng , Wang Dongdong , Yang Chanjuan , Luo Wei , Zhou Yanling 
Published: June 2024

Background
Depression is a common psychological problem in adolescents worldwide. Although the World Health Organization recommends that members of this population engage in physical activity to reduce depressive symptoms, compliance with this recommendation is often low. Furthermore, although behavioral activation (BA) is recommended as a treatment for adolescents with depression, the reported effect size is small. Compared with traditional exercises, gamified physical activity (GPA) can be particularly appealing to adolescents because it is perceived as an enjoyable experience. In this study, we integrated BA and GPA to create behavioral activation play therapy (BAPT). We designed a clinical trial to investigate the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of this treatment in adolescents with depression.

Methods
This study is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) with a three-arm, assessor-blinded design, conducted to validate the effectiveness and applicability of BAPT for treating adolescent with depression. We will recruit 258 participants and randomly assign them to a BAPT group, BA group, or GPA group using a ratio of 1:1:1. Based on conventional strategies for treatment and care, the three groups will receive nine BAPT sessions, nine BA sessions, or nine GPA sessions, respectively. We will compare the outcomes of the BAPT with those of the BA and GPA interventions.

Discussion
This is the first RCT to explore the effectiveness and applicability of BAPT in adolescents with depression. This study will provide evidence that may help to decrease depressive symptoms in adolescents, and will demonstrate the treatment effectiveness in terms of increasing levels of physical activity, reducing the rate of non-suicidal self-injury behaviors, and improving sleep quality. We will also assess the presence of side effects and the treatment adherence of patients receiving BAPT.

Trial registration
Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2300072671. Registered on 20 June 2023.
Impact of Bowel Preparation Quality on Colonoscopy Findings and Colorectal Cancer Deaths in a Nation-Wide Colorectal Cancer Screening Program
Authors: Zessner-Spitzenberg Jasmin , Waldmann Elisabeth , Rockenbauer Lisa-Maria , Klinger Andreas , Klenske Entcho , Penz Daniela , Demschik Alexandra , Majcher Barbara , Trauner Michael , Ferlitsch Monika 
Published: June 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Adequate bowel preparation is paramount for a high-quality screening colonoscopy. Despite the importance of adequate bowel preparation, there is a lack of large studies that associated the degree of bowel preparation with long-term colorectal cancer outcomes in screening patients.

METHODS:
In a large population-based screening program database in Austria, quality of bowel preparation was estimated according to the Aronchick Scale by the endoscopist (excellent, good, fair, poor, and inadequate bowel preparation). We used logistic regression to assess the influence of bowel preparation on the detection of different polyp types and the interphysician variation in bowel preparation scoring. Time-to-event analyses were performed to investigate the association of bowel preparation with postcolonoscopy colorectal cancer (PCCRC) death.

RESULTS:
A total of 335,466 colonoscopies between January 2012 and follow-up until December 2022 were eligible for the analyses. As compared with excellent bowel preparation, adenoma detection was not significantly lower for good bowel preparation (odds ratio 1.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.9971–1.0329, P = 0.1023); however, adenoma detection was significantly lower in fair bowel preparation (odds ratio 0.97, 95% CI 0.9408–0.9939, P = 0.0166). Individuals who had fair or lower bowel preparation at screening colonoscopy had significantly higher hazards for PCCRC death (hazard ratio for fair bowel preparation 2.56, 95% CI 1.67–3.94, P < 0.001).

DISCUSSION:
Fair bowel preparation on the Aronchick Scale was not only associated with a lower adenoma detection probability but also with increased risk of PCCRC death. Efforts should be made to increase bowel cleansing above fair scores.
Chemical Profiles and Biological Activities of Microalga Chlorella sp. from Southeast Sulawesi
Authors: Haslianti Haslianti , Asnani Asnani , Fristiohady Adryan , Sadarun Baru , Sutariati Gusti Ayu Kade , Sundowo Andini , Yodha Agung Wibawa Mahatva , Baharum Syarul Nataqain , Idin Sahidin 
Published: June 2024

Microalgae Chlorella sp. grows in the seas of South-East Sulawesi, Indonesia. However, information on the chemical and pharmaceutical aspects of this species from this region is still limited. Therefore, this research aims to explore the chemical contents and biological activities of Chlorella sp. The sample was collected from the Kali Biru and Nambo waters, Kendari. The microalgae were isolated by the agar plating technique and extracted by ethanol. Chemical content was analyzed by phytochemical screening, Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS), Total Phenolics Content (TPC) and Total Flavonoids Contents (TFC). Biological activities evaluation includes antioxidant, toxicity, cytotoxicity and antimicrobial. Antioxidant potency was evaluated by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radicals and ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid). Toxicity and cytotoxicity properties were analyzed by BSLT (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test) and MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assays against Breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines. Antimicrobial potency was tested towards E. coli, S. aureus and C. albicans. The result showed that ethanol extract of Chlorella sp. (EEC) contained phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids and terpenoids/steroids which were supported by LC-MS/MS data, TPC and TFC with value 150.33 and 33.18 mgGAE.g-1 extract. Seven of ten identified major compounds caused this extract to have antioxidant and anticancer including xanthin, 1,1-Diethyl-3-oxo-2- triazanolate, Azelaic acid, ruspolinone, 6-keto prostaglandin F1a and glycol stearate. In general, the biological activity of EEC is less active than the positive controls for each assay. However, the EEC is more potential to be developed as antioxidant such as sunscreen and anticancer especially breast cancer with IC50 value 151-200 ppm and 100-500 ppm, respectively.
Effects of exercise training with intermittent hyperoxic intervention on endurance performance and muscle metabolic properties in male mice
Authors: Suzuki Junichi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate how intermittent hyperoxic exposure (three cycles of 21% O2 [10 min] and 30% O2 [15 min]) affects exercise performance in mice. Three hours after the acute exposure, there was an observed increase in mRNA levels of phosphofructokinase (Bayes factor [BF] ≥ 10), mitochondrial transcription factor‐A (BF ≥10), PPAR‐α (BF ≥3), and PPAR‐γ (BF ≥3) in the red gastrocnemius muscle (Gr). Four weeks of exercise training under intermittent (INT), but not continuous (HYP), hyperoxia significantly (BF ≥30) increased maximal exercise capacity compared to normoxic exercise‐trained (ET) group. INT group exhibited significantly higher activity levels of 3‐hydroxyacyl‐CoA‐dehydrogenase (HAD) in Gr (BF = 7.9) compared to ET group. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity levels were significantly higher in INT group compared to ET group in white gastrocnemius, diaphragm, and left ventricle (BF ≥3). NT‐PGC1α protein levels in Gr (BF = 7.7) and HAD activity levels in Gr (BF = 6.9) and soleus muscles (BF = 3.3) showed a significant positive correlation with maximal work values. These findings suggest that exercise training under intermittent hyperoxia is a beneficial strategy for enhancing endurance performance by improving fatty acid and pyruvic acid utilization.
Clergy Becoming Spiritual but not Religious
Authors: Mercadante Linda 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Changes in beliefs among former clergy, who have now left the ministry, may add an extra dimension to research on church decline. In fact, there are changes in belief among thirty former clergy interviewed for this study that show remarkable similarity to the beliefs of previously interviewed non-religious “spiritual but not religious” (SBNR) persons in the author’s qualitative research, as reported in Belief without Borders: Inside the Minds of the Spiritual but not Religious (Oxford University Press).
Establishing breather and N-soliton solutions for conformable Klein–Gordon equation
Authors: Bilal Muhammad , Iqbal Javed , Ali Rashid , Awwad Fuad A. , Ismail Emad A. A. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This article develops and investigates the behavior of soliton solutions for the spatiotemporal conformable Klein–Gordon equation (CKGE), a well-known mathematical physics model that accounts for spinless pion and de-Broglie waves. To accomplish this task, we deploy an effective analytical method, namely, the modified extended direct algebraic method (mEDAM). This method first develops a nonlinear ordinary differential equation (NODE) through the use of a wave transformation. With the help of generalized Riccati NODE and balancing nonlinearity with the highest derivative term, it then assumes a finite series-form solution for the resulting NODE, from which four clusters of soliton solutions – generalized rational, trigonometric, exponential, and hyperbolic functions – are derived. Using contour and three-dimensional visuals, the behaviors of the soliton solutions – which are prominently described as dark kink, bright kink, breather, and other

N

N

-soliton waves – are examined and analyzed. These results have applications in solid-state physics, nonlinear optics, quantum field theory, and a more thorough knowledge of the dynamics of the CKGE.
Mitochondria Transplantation: Rescuing Innate Muscle Bioenergetic Impairment in a Model of Aging and Exercise Intolerance
Authors: Arroum Tasnim , Hish Gerald A. , Burghardt Kyle J. , Ghamloush Mohamed , Bazzi Belal , Mrech Abdallah , Morse Paul T. , Britton Steven L. , Koch Lauren G. , McCully James D. , Hüttemann Maik , Malek Moh H. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Arroum, T, Hish, GA, Burghardt, KJ, Ghamloush, M, Bazzi, B, Mrech, A, Morse, PT, Britton, SL, Koch, LG, McCully, JD, Hüttemann, M, and Malek, MH. Mitochondria transplantation: Rescuing innate muscle bioenergetic impairment in a model of aging and exercise intolerance. J Strength Cond Res 38(7): 1189–1199, 2024—Mitochondria, through oxidative phosphorylation, are crucial for energy production. Disease, genetic impairment, or deconditioning can harm muscle mitochondria, affecting energy production. Endurance training enhances mitochondrial function but assumes mobility. Individuals with limited mobility lack effective treatments for mitochondrial dysfunction because of disease or aging. Mitochondrial transplantation replaces native mitochondria that have been damaged with viable, respiration-competent mitochondria. Here, we used a rodent model selectively bred for low-capacity running (LCR), which exhibits innate mitochondrial dysfunction in the hind limb muscles. Hence, the purpose of this study was to use a distinct breed of rats (i.e., LCR) that display hereditary skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction to evaluate the consequences of mitochondrial transplantation. We hypothesized that the transplantation of mitochondria would effectively alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction in the hind limb muscles of rats when compared with placebo injections. In addition, we hypothesized that rats receiving the mitochondrial transplantation would experience an improvement in their functional capacity, as evaluated through incremental treadmill testing. Twelve aged LCR male rats (18 months old) were randomized into 2 groups (placebo or mitochondrial transplantation). One LCR rat of the same age and sex was used as the donor to isolate mitochondria from the hindlimb muscles. Isolated mitochondria were injected into both hindlimb muscles (quadriceps femoris, tibialis anterior (TA), and gastrocnemius complex) of a subset LCR (n = 6; LCR-M) rats. The remaining LCR (n = 5; LCR-P) subset received a placebo injection containing only the vehicle without the isolated mitochondria. Four weeks after mitochondrial transplantation, rodents were euthanized and hindlimb muscles harvested. The results indicated a significant (p < 0.05) increase in mitochondrial markers for glycolytic (plantaris and TA) and mixed (quadricep femoris) muscles, but not oxidative muscle (soleus). Moreover, we found significant (p < 0.05) epigenetic changes (i.e., hypomethylation) at the global and site-specific levels for a key mitochondrial regulator (transcription factor A mitochondrial) between the placebo and mitochondrial transplantation groups. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the efficacy of mitochondrial transplantation in a rodent model of aging with congenital skeletal muscle dysfunction.
Physiological and Perceptual Responses of a Guard Passing Test and a Simulated Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Combat: A Pilot Study
Authors: Rufino Hallisson V.O. , Franchini Emerson , Forte Lucas D.M. , da Silva Thomás B.O. , Meireles Claudio L.S. , Soares Ytalo M. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Rufino, HVdO, Franchini, E, Forte, LDM, da Silva, TBO, Meireles, CLS, and Soares, YM. Physiological and perceptual responses of a guard passing test and a simulated Brazilian jiu-jitsu combat: a pilot study. J Strength Cond Res 38(10): e574–e578, 2024—Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) is a grappling combat sport characterized by high-intensity efforts during the scoring actions interspersed by low-intensity actions or pause during the referee stoppage. Therefore, understanding of the physiological response to a BJJ match and BJJ-specific test can contribute to both athletes testing and training prescription. Thus, the present study aimed to compare the physiological and perceptual responses to a guard passing test (GPT) and to a simulated BJJ combat (simulated combat [SC]). For that, 7 male BJJ athletes performed a BJJ SC and the GPT at different days at random order. GPT was composed by 6 sets of all-out guard passing movements. Heart rate, blood lactate concentration ([La]), and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured immediately after SC and after each set of GPT. RPE increased after sets 4, 5, and 6 compared with set 1, with no differences to SC (p < 0.001). In additionally, no differences were observed between [La] or heart rate after SC to GPT. Results suggests that GPT is an efficient training protocol that elicits similar physiological and perceptual responses to BJJ combat. Future studies should investigate GPT reliability and validity for performance assessment.
Impact of Dry and Cryogenic Cutting Medium on Shear Angle and Chip Morphology in High-speed Machining of Titanium Alloy (Ti-6Al-4V)
Authors: Hassan Adeel , Khan Muhammad Ali , Younas Muhammad , Jaffery Syed Huasin Imran , Khan Mushtaq , Ahmed Naveed , Awang Mokhtar 
Published: June 2024

Ti-6Al-4V, a titanium alloy, is widely employed in various engineering sectors due to its attractive combination of strong corrosion resistance and specific strength. However, titanium alloys frequently result in serrated chips, which present considerable machinability issues compared to other materials. The cutting medium plays a vital role in the chip formation mechanism, further affecting the machined part integrity and thermo-mechanical properties. Chip morphological parameters such as shear angle, compression ratio, and segmentation degree are essential aspects of estimating machined part surface roughness, tool wear, cutting forces, and energy consumption. Therefore, it is important to understand the entire mechanism of chip formation in terms of chip morphology in high-speed cutting. This fundamental research aims to analyze and compare the shear angle model and chip formation of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V for cutting speeds ranging from 50 m/min to 150 m/min and feed rates ranging from 0.12 mm/rev to 0.24 mm/rev under dry and cryogenic cutting environments. Single-point turning experiments were conducted on Ti-6Al-4V workpieces with uncoated tungsten carbide inserts (without chip breakers), which are advantageous for heat transfer. After the chip analysis, it was observed that the shear angle obtained practically with model-4 is the most appropriate model for shear angle calculation, and the cryogenic cutting medium is suitable for Ti-6Al-4V machining. At the feed rate of 0.12-0.24 mm/rev and cutting speed of 50-150 m/min, the shear angle in dry-medium machining ranges from 32° to 42°, while in cryogenic medium machining, it ranges from 34.6° to 44.6°. Overall, a larger shear angle has been observed in cryogenic turning compared to dry turning, which is advantageous for reduced cutting forces owing to a lesser shear plane. The tool-chip contact length, which is the intimate contact between the tool face and chip surface, significantly decreases under cryogenic media. A smaller tool-chip contact length results in an elevated shear angle, which improves process sustainability and economy during cryogenic turning, as described.