bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting trabecular bone elastic properties from measures of bone volume fraction and fabric on the basis of micromagnetic resonance images
Authors: Wald Michael J. , Magland Jeremy F. , Rajapakse Chamith S. , Bhagat Yusuf A. , Wehrli Felix W. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe relationship between fabric (a measure of structural anisotropy) and elastic properties of trabecular bone was examined by invoking morphology and homogenization theory on the basis of micromagnetic resonance images from the distal tibia in specimens (N = 30) and human subjects (N = 16) acquired at a 160 × 160 × 160 μm3 voxel size. The fabric tensor was mapped in 7.5 × 7.5 × 7.5 mm3 cubic subvolumes by a three‐dimensional mean‐intercept‐length method. Elastic constants (three Young's and three shear moduli) were derived from linear microfinite element simulations of three‐dimensional grayscale bone volume fraction‐mapped images. In the specimen data, moduli fit power laws of bone volume fraction (bone volume/total volume) for all three test directions and subvolumes (R2 = 0.92–0.98) with exponents ranging from 1.3 to 1.8. Weaker linear relationships were found for the in vivo data because of a narrower range in bone volume/total volume. When pooling the data for all test directions and subvolumes, bone volume/total volume predicted elastic moduli less well in the specimens (mean R2 = 0.74) and not at all in vivo. A model of bone volume/total volume and fabric was highly predictive of microfinite element‐derived Young's moduli: mean R2s of 0.98 and 0.82 (in vivo). The results show that fabric, an important predictor of bone mechanical properties, can be assessed in the limited resolution and signal‐to‐noise ratio regime of micromagnetic resonance images. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of optimized soft‐tissue suppression schemes for ultrashort echo time MRI
Authors: Li Cheng , Magland Jeremy F. , Rad Hamidreza Saligheh , Song Hee Kwon , Wehrli Felix W. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractUltrashort echo time (UTE) imaging with soft‐tissue suppression reveals short‐T2 components (typically hundreds of microseconds to milliseconds) ordinarily not captured or obscured by long‐T2 tissue signals on the order of tens of milliseconds or longer. Therefore, the technique enables visualization and quantification of short‐T2 proton signals such as those in highly collagenated connective tissues. This work compares the performance of the three most commonly used long‐T2 suppression UTE sequences, i.e., echo subtraction (dual‐echo UTE), saturation via dual‐band saturation pulses (dual‐band UTE), and inversion by adiabatic inversion pulses (IR‐UTE) at 3 T, via Bloch simulations and experimentally in vivo in the lower extremities of test subjects. For unbiased performance comparison, the acquisition parameters are optimized individually for each sequence to maximize short‐T2 signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) between short‐ and long‐T2 components. Results show excellent short‐T2 contrast which is achieved with these optimized sequences. A combination of dual‐band UTE with dual‐echo UTE provides good short‐T2 SNR and CNR with less sensitivity to B1 homogeneity. IR‐UTE has the lowest short‐T2 SNR efficiency but provides highly uniform short‐T2 contrast and is well suited for imaging short‐T2 species with relatively short T1 such as bone water. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Toward understanding transverse relaxation in human brain through its field dependence
Authors: Mitsumori Fumiyuki , Watanabe Hidehiro , Takaya Nobuhiro , Garwood Michael , Auerbach Edward J. , Michaeli Shalom , Mangia Silvia 
Published: December 2011

AbstractApparent transverse‐relaxation rate constants (R = 1/T) were measured in various regions of the healthy human brain using a multiecho adiabatic spin‐echo sequence at five different magnetic fields, 1.5, 1.9, 3, 4.7, and 7 T. The R values showed a clear dependence on magnetic field strength (B0). The regional distribution of the R was well explained by the sum of three components: (1) regional nonhemin iron concentration ([Fe]), (2) regional macromolecular mass fraction (fM), and (3) a region‐independent factor. Accordingly, R = α[Fe] + βfM + γ, where coefficients α, β, and γ were experimentally determined at each magnetic field by a least square fitting method using multiple regression analysis. Although the coefficient α linearly increased with B0, β showed a quadratic dependence on top of a field‐independent component. The coefficient γ also increased slightly with B0 on top of a field‐independent component. The linear dependence of α on B0 was consistent with that observed for the transverse‐relaxation rate of water protons in ferritin solutions as found previously by others. The quadratic dependence of β on B0 was accounted for by isochronous and anisochronous exchange mechanisms using intrinsic‐relaxation parameters obtained from the literature. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in survivors of Hodgkin's lymphoma: prevalence of PTSD and partial PTSD compared with sibling controls
Authors: Varela Veronica Sanchez , Ng Andrea , Mauch Peter , Recklitis Christopher J. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectivesStudies of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) document a significant proportion of cancer survivors reporting severe posttraumatic stress symptoms, even when they do not meet full diagnostic criteria. However, few studies have directly examined the clinical significance of these ‘partial PTSD’ symptoms in survivors. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of PTSD symptoms in a cohort of long‐term survivors of Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) and to explore the clinical relevance of the partial PTSD phenomenon by assessing impairment of function secondary to sub‐threshold symptomatology.MethodsThe Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale was completed by 105 HL survivors and 101 sibling controls. Survivors' age at time of participation ranged from 24 to 71 years, age at time of diagnosis ranged from 6 to 61 years, and the median time since diagnosis was 16 years (range = 7–34).ResultsPosttraumatic stress disorder prevalence was not significantly higher in HL survivors (13%) compared with sibling controls (6.9%, p = 0.098). However, a significantly larger proportion of survivors (35.2%) met criteria for partial PTSD compared with siblings (17.8%, p = 0.004). Moreover, the majority of the survivors with partial PTSD (86.5%) reported experiencing some functional impairment related to these posttraumatic stress symptoms.ConclusionsA significant number of HL survivors experience posttraumatic stress symptoms severe enough to result in functional impairment. This finding underscores the importance of future research detailing the psychological and functional outcomes in survivors with partial PTSD and of careful clinical practice that assesses for functional impairment secondary to partial PTSD symptomatology, in male and female survivors, even years after completion of therapy. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electronic structure of fluorinated and hydrogenated beryllium monoxide nanostructures
Authors: Wang Yanli , Ding Yi 
Published: December 2011

AbstractUsing first‐principles calculations, we investigate the chemical functionalizations of beryllium monoxide (BeO) nanostructures by the fluorine and hydrogen atoms. We find that the hydrogenation weakens the Be–O bonds and causes the instability of semihydrogenated nanosheets, while the fluorination is energetically favorable and forms a stable semifluorinated conformation. More importantly, the semifluorinated BeO sheet exhibits an intrinsic half‐metallic behavior, which is robust with a large half‐metal gap and a high Curie temperature above room temperature. By the same strategy of fluorination, the half‐metallicity can also be achieved in the one‐dimensional BeO nanotubes and nanoribbons. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Flexible Pillared Graphene‐Paper Electrodes for High‐Performance Electrochemical Supercapacitors
Authors: Wang Gongkai , Sun Xiang , Lu Fengyuan , Sun Hongtao , Yu Mingpeng , Jiang Weilin , Liu Changsheng , Lian Jie 
Published: December 2011

AbstractFlexible graphene paper (GP) pillared by carbon black (CB) nanoparticles using a simple vacuum filtration method is developed as a high‐performance electrode material for supercapacitors. Through the introduction of CB nanoparticles as spacers, the self‐restacking of graphene sheets during the filtration process is mitigated to a great extent. The pillared GP‐based supercapacitors exhibit excellent electrochemical performances and cyclic stabilities compared with GP without the addition of CB nanoparticles. At a scan rate of 10 mV s−1, the specific capacitance of the pillared GP is 138 F g−1 and 83.2 F g−1 with negligible 3.85% and 4.35% capacitance degradation after 2000 cycles in aqueous and organic electrolytes, respectively. At an extremely fast scan rate of 500 mV s −1, the specific capacitance can reach 80 F g−1 in aqueous electrolyte. No binder is needed for assembling the supercapacitor cells and the pillared GP itself may serve as a current collector due to its intrinsic high electrical conductivity. The pillared GP has great potential in the development of promising flexible and ultralight‐weight supercapacitors for electrochemical energy storage.
Web‐based computer‐aided personalized system of instruction
Authors: Pear Joseph J. , Schnerch Gabriel J. , Silva Kathleen M. , Svenningsen Louis , Lambert Jody 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis chapter describes a Web‐based program based on well‐researched principles of behavior. Among the innovations of the program is a peer‐review component. The program has been well accepted by administrators, staff, and students at institutions where it is or has been used.
Collaborative Reasoning: Language‐Rich Discussions for English Learners
Authors: Zhang Jie , Dougherty Stahl Katherine A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractCollaborative Reasoning (CR) is a peer‐led, small group discussion approach that aims to promote intellectual and personal engagement in elementary school classrooms. In CR, students read a text that raises an unresolved issue with multiple and competing points of view. Students are expected to take positions on a big question, support the positions with reasons and evidence, carefully listen, evaluate, and respond to one another's arguments, and challenge one another when they disagree. Multiple studies provide evidence that CR positively impacts thinking, the level of talk and the quality of written essays by participants. This article summarizes the body of CR research and presents the results of a study of CR with English Language Learners (ELLs). Finally, implications and practical suggestions for applying CR with ELLs are provided.
Possible causes of quasiperiodic variations in geomagnetic reversal frequency and 87Sr/86Sr ratios in marine carbonates through the Phanerozoic
Authors: Didenko A.N. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Variations in frequency of geomagnetic reversals through the Phanerozoic have been analyzed jointly with 87Sr/86Sr ratios in marine carbonate sediments. The time series of both parameters contain principal components with periods from 90 to 110 Ma and show a certain correlation. Namely, (i) both time series have five local minimums spaced at similar intervals (period lengths); (ii) the minimums in the Δ87Sr/86Sr curve follow in time those of the reversal frequency, with a lag from 12 Myr in the Ordovician to 38 Myr in the Cretaceous; (iii) the rate of heat transfer from processes at the core-mantle boundary (in D″ layer) which control the Earth’s geological life was from 7 to 25 cm/yr in the Phanerozoic. This rate approaches the observed velocities of horizontal plate motion and the predicted mantle convection rates.
Relationship between the Ordovician and Carboniferous–Permian collisional events in the southeastern Tunka bald mountains, East Sayan (southwestern framing of the Siberian Platform)
Authors: Zhimulev F.I. , Buslov M.M. , Glorie S. , De Grave J. , Fidler M.A. , Izmer A. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Granites from the Tunka pluton of the Sarkhoi complex, located in the eastern Tunka bald mountains (East Sayan), have been dated at the Middle Ordovician (462.6 ± 7.8 Ma) by LA ICP MS. The granites of the Sarkhoi complex within the studied area cut a foldthrust structure consisting of deformed fragments of the Vendian (Ediacaran)–Early Cambrian cover of the Tuva–Mongolian microcontinent (Upper Shumak metaterrigenous formation, Gorlyk carbonate formation). The red-colored conglomerates and sandstones of the Late Devonian–Early Carboniferous(?) Sagan-Sair Formation overlie the eroded surface of the Tunka pluton granites in the eastern Tunka bald mountains. The Sagan-Sair Formation, in turn, is overlain along a low-angle thrust by a group of tectonic sheets, which comprises the volcanic and carbonate sediments of the Tolta Formation, biotitic schists, and plagiogneisses with garnet amphibolite bodies. Two nappe generations have been revealed on the basis of the described geologic relationships, the Middle Ordovician age of the Tunka pluton granites, and numerous Late Paleozoic Ar–Ar dates of syntectonic minerals from the metamorphic rocks in the area. The first thrusting stage was pre-Middle Ordovician, and the second, Late Carboniferous–Permian. The Lower Paleozoic thrust structure resulted from the accretion of the Tuva–Mongolian microcontinent to the Siberian Platform. The Late Paleozoic nappes resulted from intracontinental orogeny and the reactivation of an Early Paleozoic accretionary belt under the effect of the Late Paleozoic collisional events.
Early Mesozoic lamprophyres in Gorny Altai: petrology and age boundaries
Authors: Vasyukova E.A. , Izokh A.E. , Borisenko A.S. , Pavlova G.G. , Sukhorukov V.P. , Anh Tran Tuan 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The Mesozoic Chuya dike complex was recognized by R.V. Obolenskaya based on the similar mineral composition of dikes and their age characteristics. Lamprophyres occur along the large Terekta–Tolbonur and Kurai–Kobda shear zones. The Chuya complex was studied by the example of two areas, South Chuya and Yustyd, with different levels of erosional truncation. The dikes of the first area are localized in the South Chuya Ridge, where they cut Cambrian–Ordovician metamorphic rocks, and the dikes of the Yustyd area occur in the Devonian terrigenous blackshale deposits of the Yustyd trough. The dikes of these areas differ in structures, textures, the degree of carbonatization, and mineral composition. The performed studies of rocks and minerals confirmed that the dikes of both areas belong to the same complex. They helped to establish the regularities of the lithologic composition of the entire complex and its local areas and to substantiate the recognition of areas not only from their geologic position but also by the composition, structures, and textures of rocks and their mineral composition. Geochronological data show two stages of the complex formation: 236–234 and 250–242 Ma. The results of studies also demonstrate that the lamprophyres and coeval syenites of the Tarkhata massif are fractionates of the same parental melt and can be united into a hypabyssal-plutonic complex. Comparison with other Permo-Triassic lamprophyre complexes showed that the wide variations of the composition of the Chuya rocks and its trend as well as the geochemical anomalies are specific features of complexes of high-K lamprophyres.
Neoproterozoic terrigenous deposits of the Tuva–Mongolian massif: geochemical correlation, sourcelands, and geodynamic reconstruction
Authors: Letnikova E.F. , Veshcheva S.V. , Proshenkin A.I. , Kuznetsov A.B. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
We have established that the terrigenous deposits of the Haisuin Formation and metamorphic deposits of the Shutkhulai block are similar in geochemical characteristics to the rocks of the Oka Group. The volcanics of the Sarkhoi Group and, to a lesser extent, the crystalline deposits of the Gargan block and rocks of the Dunjugur ophiolite complex served as sourcelands for the studied deposits. The terrigenous deposits of the Oka Group and Haisuin Formation and the pararocks of the Shutkhulai block accumulated in the same sedimentary basin localized on the margin of the Tuva–Mongolian massif in the setting of an island-arc system.
Soft catenaries
Authors: Kamrin Ken , Mahadevan L. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractUsing the classical catenary as a motivating example, we use slender-body theory to derive a general theory for thin filaments of arbitrary rheology undergoing large combined stretching and bending, which correctly accounts for the nonlinear geometry of deformation and uses integrated state variables to properly represent the complete deformation state. We test the theory for soft catenaries made of a Maxwell fluid and an elastic yield-stress fluid using a combination of asymptotic and numerical analyses to analyse the dynamics of transient sagging and arrest. We validate our results against three-dimensional finite element simulations of drooping catenaries, and show that our minimal models are easier and faster to solve, can capture all the salient behaviours of the full three-dimensional solution, and provide physical insights into the basic mechanisms involved.
Motivational interviewing and interaction skills training for parents to change cannabis use in young adults with recent-onset schizophrenia: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Smeerdijk M. , Keet R. , Dekker N. , van Raaij B. , Krikke M. , Koeter M. , de Haan L. , Barrowclough C. , Schippers G. , Linszen D. 
Published: December 2011

BackgroundCannabis use by people with schizophrenia has been found to be associated with family distress and poor clinical outcomes. Interventions to reduce drug use in this patient group have had limited efficacy. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a novel intervention for parents of young adults with recent-onset schizophrenia consisting of family-based motivational interviewing and interaction skills (Family Motivational Intervention, FMI) in comparison with routine family support (RFS).MethodIn a trial with 75 patients who used cannabis and received treatment for recent-onset schizophrenia, 97 parents were randomly assigned to either FMI (n=53) or RFS (n=44). Assessments were conducted at baseline and 3 months after completion of the family intervention by an investigator who remained blind throughout the study about the assignment of the parents.ResultsAt follow-up, patients' frequency and quantity of cannabis use was significantly more reduced in FMI than in RFS (p<0.05 and p<0.04 respectively). Patients' craving for cannabis was also significantly reduced in FMI whereas there was a small increase in RFS (p=0.01). There was no difference between FMI and RFS with regard to patients' other substance use and general level of functioning. Both groups showed significant improvements in parental distress and sense of burden.ConclusionsTraining parents in motivational interviewing and interaction skills is feasible and effective in reducing cannabis use among young adults with recent-onset schizophrenia. However, FMI was not more effective than RFS in increasing patients' general level of functioning and in reducing parents' stress and sense of burden.
Evidence of genetic susceptibility to infectious mononucleosis: a twin study
Authors: HWANG A. E. , HAMILTON A. S. , COCKBURN M. G. , AMBINDER R. , ZADNICK J. , BROWN E. E. , MACK T. M. , COZEN W. 
Published: December 2011

SUMMARYInfectious mononucleosis is a clinical manifestation of primary Epstein–Barr virus infection. It is unknown whether genetic factors contribute to risk. To assess heritability, we compared disease concordance in monozygotic to dizygotic twin pairs from the population-based California Twin Program and assessed the risk to initially unaffected co-twins. One member of 611 and both members of 58 twin pairs reported a history of infectious mononucleosis. Pairwise concordance in monozygotic and dizygotic pairs was respectively 12·1% [standard error (s.e.)=1·9%] and 6·1% (s.e.=1·2%). The relative risk (hazard ratio) of monozygotic compared to dizygotic unaffected co-twins of cases was 1·9 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1·1–3·4, P=0·03], over the follow-up period. When the analysis was restricted to same-sex twin pairs, that estimate was 2·5 (95% CI 1·2–5·3, P=0·02). The results are compatible with a heritable contribution to the risk of infectious mononucleosis.
Cigarette Smoke Exacerbates Ventricular Remodeling and Dysfunction in the Volume Overloaded Heart
Authors: Bradley Jessica M. , Nguyen Jonathan B. , Fournett Alyssa C. , Gardner Jason D. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractCigarette smoking is an independent risk factor for heart disease and is linked to sudden cardiac death. In this study, we examined the effects of cigarette smoke (CS) on the volume overload stressed heart. Our hypothesis was that CS exacerbates volume overload (VO)–induced cardiac dysfunction by accelerating ventricular remodeling. VO stress was surgically induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by abdominal aortocaval fistula (ACF). Rats, with and without ACF, were exposed to either room air or CS (6 cigarettes/day) for 6 weeks. Temporal echocardiogram measurements indicated that CS significantly increased VO-induced left ventricular dilatation, prevented compensatory wall thickening, and depressed fractional shortening. Morphological analysis of ventricular collagen revealed that CS blunted compensatory collagen expression (45% decrease versus ACF alone). CS exacerbated the VO-induced increase of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 expression in the heart. CS also blocked the compensatory increases of HIF-1α, VEGF, and TGF-β in the VO-stressed heart. These data indicate that CS worsens VO remodeling by disrupting compensatory mechanisms, thereby promoting eccentric dilation and dysfunction.
“The Cambridge Way”: Conversations with Emeritus Professor John Anthony “Tony” Jolowicz for the Squire Law Library Eminent Scholars Archive
Authors: Dingle Lesley 
Published: December 2011

AbstractLesley Dingle, founder of the Eminent Scholars Archive, provides a further contribution based on interviews with Emeritus Professor John Anthony “Tony” Jolowicz, one of the great legal scholars at the University of Cambridge and a Fellow of Trinity College since 1952.
Angiotensin II-dependent phosphorylation at Ser11/Ser18 and Ser938 shifts the E2 conformations of rat kidney Na+/K+-ATPase
Authors: Massey Katherine J. , Li Quanwen , Rossi Noreen F. , Mattingly Raymond R. , Yingst Douglas R. 
Published: December 2011

Kidney plasma membranes, which contain a single α-1 isoform of Na+/K+-ATPase, simultaneously contain two sub-conformations of E2P, differing in their rate of digoxin release in response to Na+ and ATP. Treating cells with Ang II (angiotensin II) somehow changes the conformation of both, because it differentially inhibits the rate of digoxin release. In the present study we tested whether Ang II regulates release by increasing phosphorylation at Ser11/Ser18 and Ser938. Opossum kidney cells co-expressing the AT1a receptor and either α-1.wild-type, α-1.S11A/S18A or α-1.S938A were treated with or without 10 nM Ang II for 5 min, increasing phosphorylation at the three sites. Na+/K+-ATPase was bound to digoxin-affinity columns in the presence of Na+, ATP and Mg2+. A solution containing 30 mM NaCl and 3 mM ATP eluted ~20% of bound untreated Na+/K+-ATPase (Population #1). Pre-treating cells with Ang II slowed the elution of Population #1 in α-1.wild-type and α-1.S938A, but not α-1.S11A/S18A cells. Another 50% of bound Na+/K+-ATPase (Population #2) was subsequently eluted in two phases by a solution containing 150 mM NaCl and 3 mM ATP. Ang II increased the initial rate and slowed the second phase in α-1.wild-type, but not α-1.S938A, cells. Thus Ang II changes the conformation of two forms of EP2 via differential phosphorylation.