bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Performance of Coronary Angiography Derived Computational Fractional Flow Reserve
Authors: Vardhan Madhurima , Tanade Cyrus , Chen S. James , Mahmood Owais , Chakravartti Jaidip , Jones W. Schuyler , Kahn Andrew M. , Vemulapalli Sreekanth , Patel Manesh , Leopold Jane A. , Randles Amanda 
Published: June 2024

Background
Computational fluid dynamics can compute fractional flow reserve (FFR) accurately. However, existing models are limited by either the intravascular hemodynamic phenomarkers that can be captured or the fidelity of geometries that can be modeled.

Methods and Results

This study aimed to validate a new coronary angiography‐based FFR framework, FFR
HARVEY
, and examine intravascular hemodynamics to identify new biomarkers that could augment FFR in discerning unrevascularized patients requiring intervention. A 2‐center cohort was used to examine diagnostic performance of FFR
HARVEY
compared with reference wire‐based FFR (FFR
INVASIVE
). Additional biomarkers, longitudinal vorticity, velocity, and wall shear stress, were evaluated for their ability to augment FFR and indicate major adverse cardiac events. A total of 160 patients with 166 lesions were investigated. FFR
HARVEY
was compared with FFR
INVASIVE
by investigators blinded to the invasive FFR results with a per‐stenosis area under the curve of 0.91, positive predictive value of 90.2%, negative predictive value of 89.6%, sensitivity of 79.3%, and specificity of 95.4%. The percentage ofdiscrepancy for continuous values of FFR was 6.63%. We identified a hemodynamic phenomarker, longitudinal vorticity, as a metric indicative of major adverse cardiac events in unrevascularized gray‐zone cases.

Conclusions

FFR
HARVEY
had high performance (area under the curve: 0.91, positive predictive value: 90.2%, negative predictive value: 89.6%) compared with FFR
INVASIVE
. The proposed framework provides a robust and accurate way to compute a complete set of intravascular phenomarkers, in which longitudinal vorticity was specifically shown to differentiate vessels predisposed to major adverse cardiac events.
Circulating Sphingolipids and All‐Cause Mortality: The Strong Heart Family Study
Authors: Fretts Amanda M. , Jensen Paul N. , Sitlani Colleen M. , Hoofnagle Andy , Lidgard Benjamin , Umans Jason G. , Siscovick David S. , King Irena B. , Howard Barbara V. , Cole Shelley A. , Lemaitre Rozenn N. 
Published: June 2024

Background
A growing body of research indicates that associations of ceramides and sphingomyelins with mortality depend on the chain length of the fatty acid acylated to the backbone sphingoid base. We examined associations of 8 ceramide and sphingomyelin species with mortality among an American Indian population.

Methods and Results
The analysis comprised 2688 participants from the SHFS (Strong Heart Family Study). Plasma ceramide and sphingomyelin species carrying long‐chain (ie, 16:0) and very‐long‐chain (ie, 20:0, 22:0, 24:0) saturated fatty acids were measured by sequential liquid chromatography and mass spectroscopy using samples from 2001 to 2003. Participants were followed for 18.8 years (2001–2020). Associations of ceramides and sphingomyelins with mortality were assessed using Cox models. The mean age of participants was 40.8 years. There were 574 deaths during a median 17.4‐year follow‐up. Ceramides and sphingomyelins carrying fatty acid 16:0 were positively associated with mortality. Ceramides and sphingomyelins carrying longer fatty acids were inversely associated with mortality. Per SD difference in each ceramide and sphingomyelin species, hazard ratios for death were: 1.68 (95% CI, 1.44–1.96) for ceramide‐16 (Cer‐16), 0.82 (95% CI, 0.71–0.95) for Cer‐20, 0.60 (95% CI, 0.51–0.70) for Cer‐22, 0.67 (95% CI, 0.56–0.79) for Cer‐24, 1.80 (95% CI–1.57, 2.05) for sphingomyelin‐16 (SM‐16), 0.54 (95% CI, 0.47–0.62) for SM‐20, 0.50 (95% CI, 0.44–0.57) for SM‐22, and 0.59 (95% CI, 0.52–0.67) for SM‐24.

Conclusions
The direction/magnitude of associations of ceramides and sphingomyelins with mortality differs according to the length of the fatty acid acylated to the backbone sphingoid base.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicatrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT00005134.
Advanced Heart Failure Characteristics and Outcomes in Women and Men
Authors: Farooqui Naba , Killian Jill M. , Smith Jamie , Redfield Margaret M. , Dunlay Shannon M. 
Published: June 2024

Background
The epidemiology and pathophysiology of heart failure (HF) differ in women and men. Whether these differences extend to the subgroup of patients with advanced HF is not well defined.

Methods and Results

This is a retrospective cohort study of all adult Olmsted County, Minnesota residents with advanced HF (European Society of Cardiology criteria) from 2007 to 2017. Differences in survival and hospitalization risks in women and men following advanced HF development were examined using Cox proportional hazard regression and Andersen‐Gill models, respectively. Of 936 individuals with advanced HF, 417 (44.6%) were women and 519 (55.4%) were men (self‐reported sex). Time from development of HF to advanced HF was similar in women and men (median 3.2 versus 3.6 years). Women were older at diagnosis (mean age 79 versus 75 years), less often had coronary disease and hyperlipidemia, but more often had hypertension and depression (
P
<0.05 for each). Advanced HF with preserved ejection fraction was more prevalent in women than men (60% versus 30%, p<0.001). There were no differences in adjusted risks of all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 0.89 [95% CI, 0.77–1.03]), cardiovascular mortality (HR, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.70–1.02]), all‐cause hospitalizations (HR, 1.04 [95% CI, 0.90–1.20]), or HF hospitalizations (HR, 0.91 [95% CI, 0.75–1.11]) between women and men. However, adjusted cardiovascular mortality was lower in women versus men with advanced HF with reduced ejection fraction (HR, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.56–0.93]).

Conclusions
Women more often present with advanced HF with preserved ejection fraction and men with atherosclerotic disease and advanced HF with reduced ejection fraction. Despite these differences, survival and hospitalization risks are largely comparable in women and men with advanced HF.
Gender and Sex Differences in the Management, Intervention, and Outcomes of Patients With Severe Primary Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: Waldron Christina , Hundito Addiskidan , Krane Markus , Geirsson Arnar , Mori Makoto 
Published: June 2024

Background
Gender‐ and sex‐based disparities in mitral valve disease exist; however the factors associated with these differences are unknown. Identifying these differences is essential in devising mitigating strategies. We evaluated gender and sex differences among patients with severe primary mitral regurgitation (MR) across treatment phases.

Methods and Results

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with new diagnoses of severe primary MR between 2016 and 2020. We compared multidisciplinary evaluation incidence and 2‐year survival between men and women. We analyzed a subgroup meeting class 1 indications for intervention, which includes severe symptomatic MR or severe asymptomatic MR with ejection fraction <60% or left ventricular end‐systolic diameter >40 mm. Logistic regression models identified predictors associated with the likelihood of multidisciplinary evaluation. Among 330 patients meeting class 1 indications, women were older (79 versus 76 years,
P
=0.01) and had higher Society of Thoracic Surgeons risk scores for mitral valve repair than men (2.5% versus 1.4%,
P
=0.003). Women were less likely to undergo multidisciplinary evaluation (57% versus 84%,
P
<0.001) and intervention (47% versus 69%,
P
<0.001) than men. Median days to intervention for women and men were 77 and 43, respectively. Women had a higher 2‐year mortality rate than men (31% versus 21%,
P
=0.035). On a multivariable model, female sex and older age were associated with lower odds of undergoing multidisciplinary evaluation (odds ratio, 0.26;
P
<0.001; odds ratio, 0.95;
P
<0.001, respectively).

Conclusions
Women with severe primary MR with class 1 indication for intervention were less likely to undergo multidisciplinary evaluation and intervention and had a longer interval to intervention than men. Survival was comparable after accounting for age and comorbidity differences.
Temporal Trends in Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes for Peripartum Cardiomyopathy: The Nationwide Multicenter Registry Over 20 Years
Authors: Bak Minjung , Youn Jong‐Chan , Bae Dae‐Hwan , Lee Ju‐Hee , Lee Sunki , Cho Dong‐Hyuk , Choi Jin‐Oh ,   of PPCM registry investigators
Published: June 2024

Background
Although peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a fatal disease affecting young patients and fetuses, little is known about its recent prognosis and risk factors. This study investigated temporal trends in clinical characteristics and outcomes for PPCM in a nationwide multicenter registry.

Methods and Results

The study population comprised 340 patients (mean age, 33 years) who were diagnosed with PPCM between January 2000 and September 2022 in 26 tertiary hospitals in South Korea. PPCM was defined as heart failure with left ventricular ejection fraction ≤45% and no previously known cardiac disease. The main study outcomes included time to the first occurrence of all‐cause death, heart transplantation, and cardiovascular hospitalization. The diagnosis of PPCM cases increased notably during the study period (
P
<0.001). However, clinical outcomes showed no significant improvement (all‐cause death for 10 years: 0.9% [2000–2010] versus 2.3% [2011–2022],
P
=0.450; all‐cause death and heart transplantation for 10 years: 3.6% [2000–2010] versus 3.0% [2011–2022]
P
=0.520; all‐cause death, heart transplantation, and cardiovascular hospitalization for 10 years: 11.7% [2000–2010] versus 19.8% [2011–2022],
P
=0.240). High body mass index (hazard ratio [HR], 1.106 [95% CI, 1.024–1.196];
P
=0.011), the presence of gestational diabetes (HR, 5.346 [95% CI, 1.778–16.07];
P
=0.002), and increased baseline left ventricular end‐diastolic dimension (HR, 1.078 [95% CI, 1.002–1.159];
P
=0.044) were significant risk factors for poor prognosis.

Conclusions
While the incidence of PPCM has increased over the past 20 years, the prognosis has not improved significantly. Timely management and close follow‐up are necessary for high‐risk patients with PPCM with high body mass index, gestational diabetes, or large left ventricular end‐diastolic dimension.
ELM2‐SANT Domain‐Containing Scaffolding Protein 1 Regulates Differentiation and Maturation of Cardiomyocytes Derived From Human‐Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Lu Yu‐An , Sun Jiacheng , Wang Lu , Wang Meimei , Wu Yalin , Getachew Anteneh , Matthews Rachel C. , Li Hui , Peng William Gao , Zhang Jianyi , Lu Rui , Zhou Yang 
Published: June 2024

Background

ELMSAN1 (ELM2‐SANT domain‐containing scaffolding protein 1) is a newly identified scaffolding protein of the MiDAC (mitotic deacetylase complex), playing a pivotal role in early embryonic development. Studies on
Elmsan1
knockout mice showed that its absence results in embryo lethality and heart malformation. However, the precise function of ELMSAN1 in heart development and formation remains elusive. To study its potential role in cardiac lineage, we employed human‐induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to model early cardiogenesis and investigated the function of ELMSAN1.

Methods and Results

We generated
ELMSAN1
‐deficient hiPSCs through knockdown and knockout techniques. During cardiac differentiation,
ELMSAN1
depletion inhibited pluripotency deactivation, decreased the expression of cardiac‐specific markers, and reduced differentiation efficiency. The impaired expression of genes associated with contractile sarcomere structure, calcium handling, and ion channels was also noted in
ELMSAN1
‐deficient cardiomyocytes derived from hiPSCs. Additionally, through a series of structural and functional assessments, we found that
ELMSAN1
‐null hiPSC cardiomyocytes are immature, exhibiting incomplete sarcomere Z‐line structure, decreased calcium handling, and impaired electrophysiological properties. Of note, we found that the cardiac‐specific role of ELMSAN1 is likely associated with histone H3K27 acetylation level. The transcriptome analysis provided additional insights, indicating maturation reduction with the energy metabolism switch and restored cell proliferation in
ELMSAN1
knockout cardiomyocytes.

Conclusions
In this study, we address the significance of the direct involvement of ELMSAN1 in the differentiation and maturation of hiPSC cardiomyocytes. We first report the impact of ELMSAN1 on multiple aspects of hiPSC cardiomyocyte generation, including cardiac differentiation, sarcomere formation, calcium handling, electrophysiological maturation, and proliferation.
The Life of Nuns
Authors: Lähnemann Henrike , Schlotheuber Eva 
Published: June 2024

In the Middle Ages half of those who chose the religious life were women, yet historians have overlooked entire generations of educated, feisty, capable and enterprising nuns, condemning them to the dusty silence of the archives. What, though, were their motives for entering a convent and what was their daily routine behind its walls like? How did they think, live and worship, both as individuals and as a community? How did they maintain contact with the families and communities they had left behind?
Henrike Lähnemann and Eva Schlotheuber offer readers a vivid insight into the largely unknown lives and work of religious women in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Using previously inaccessible personal diaries and letters, as well as tapestries, painting, architecture and music, the authors show that the nuns were, in fact, an active, even influential part of medieval society. They functioned as role models and engaged in spirited dialogue with other convents, with the citizens of their home towns and with the local nobility. Full of self-confidence, they organised their demanding daily lives; ran their complex convent economies as successful businesses; offered girls a comprehensive theological, musical and practical education; produced magnificent manuscripts; ministered to the convent sick and dying with homemade medicines and to family and friends with advice. Initially—and fiercely—they resisted the Reformation, only for some of the convents to survive as Protestant women’s foundations to this day.
Now, for the first time in centuries, this account by Henrike Lähnemann and Eva Schlotheuber allows the voices of these remarkable women to be heard outside the cloister and to invite us into their world.
2. Jordan Peterson and Conservative Antisemitism Online
Authors: Becker Matthias J. 
Published: June 2024

The age of digitalisation is characterised by an explosion of information as well as opinion exchange, but also by uncertainty and disorientation. In view of the polyphony of speakers and multitude of information, many web users tend to orient themselves to a range of new opinion leaders who could not have established their huge visibility prior to the era of the interactive web. Jordan Peterson, a former psychology professor, embodies perfectly the new ‘globalised’ public intellectual surrounded by a bevy of followers.
In December 2022, Peterson interviewed Israel’s Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. The reactions of web users were numerous and―in stark contrast to the bulk of Peterson’s contributions―clearly negative. Peterson’s fascination with political heavyweights or strongmen is nothing new. Here, however, he provided a forum to one of the world’s best-known Jewish figures and the representative of the Jewish state. Peterson and Netanyahu’s conversation seems to have triggered various antisemitic ideas among those with a far-right worldview. However, many of the comments seem to come from the conservative online milieu to which Peterson belongs. The online thread discussing the clip thus forms a symbolic arena for proximity and friction between conservative and alt-right milieus in relation to Jew-hatred―a relationship that is not given enough space in the media and in academic analysis, as the focus is too often on the confrontation between the left and the alt-right and white-supremacy milieus.
This paper qualitatively examines the commenters’ diverse reactions―of disillusionment and reorientation, but also of their devaluation and exclusion of a former idol―identified in the corresponding YouTube comments section and reconstructs the underlying concepts in a pragma-linguistic framework.
Association Between Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index and Adverse Outcomes in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Shengpeng , Zhang Guannan 
Published: June 2024

The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) has been developed for the risk prognostication of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the value of SII for predicting adverse outcomes in ACS patients. Relevant studies were identified by searching the PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases. Studies that investigated the association of SII with all-cause mortality or major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in ACS patients were eligible. The short-term outcomes were defined as adverse events occurring during the hospital and within 30 days. 11 studies with 16,596 patients were eligible for analysis. A random effect meta-analysis indicated that a higher SII level significantly predicted short-term death (hazard ratios [HR] 2.60; 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.29–5.25) and long-term all-cause mortality (HR 2.40; 95% CI 1.25–4.59), even after adjusting for traditional confounding factors. Additionally, a higher SII level was also significantly associated with an increased risk of short-term MACEs (HR 1.61; 95% CI 1.28–2.03) and long-term MACEs (HR 2.43; 95% CI 1.74–3.40). These findings suggest that SII level has a strong prognostic value for both MACEs and all-cause mortality in patients with ACS. Determining the SII level has the potential to improve risk prognostication in ACS patients.
Predictive value of diaphragmatic thickness fraction and integrated pulmonary index on extubation outcome in patients with severe acute pancreatitis
Authors: Fu Donglin , Luo Huan , Zhang Qiuhong , Chen Liang , Guo Honghao , Zhang Meng 
Published: June 2024

Objective This study was performed to explore the predictive value of the diaphragmatic thickness fraction (DTF) combined with the integrated pulmonary index (IPI) for the extubation outcome in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Methods This prospective study involved 93 patients diagnosed with SAP and treated with mechanical ventilation in our hospital from October 2020 to September 2023. The patients were divided into a successful extubation group (61 patients) and an extubation failure group (32 patients) based on the extubation outcomes. The predictive value of the DTF, IPI, and their combination for extubation failure was analyzed. Results The DTF and IPI were independent risk factors for extubation failure in patients with SAP undergoing mechanical ventilation. In addition, the combination of the DTF and IPI showed predictive value for extubation failure in these patients. Conclusion The DTF and IPI hold predictive value for extubation failure in patients with SAP undergoing mechanical ventilation, and their combined use may improve the predictive efficiency.
Dynamic characteristics of disc brake systems of a high-speed train with wheel polygonal wear
Authors: Yang Linchuan , Zhang Huaqian , Zhao Peng , Wang Zhiwei , Zhao Chunguang , Mo Jiliang 
Published: June 2024

The brake system is a key component of a high-speed train, which suffers intense wheel-rail interactions caused by wheel polygonal wear (WPW) in realistic working conditions. To explore the dynamic characteristics of the disc brake systems with WPW, a rigid-flexible coupled vehicle dynamics model is proposed. The developed model systematically takes into account the flexible deformation of brake components and wheelsets, measured WPW and non-linear factors such as wheel-rail interaction, disc-pad friction and non-linear damping characteristics. It allows the dynamic behaviors of the vehicle brake system in service to be accurately and effectively revealed. The model is verified using line test data, and then the dynamic characteristics of disc brake systems with WPW are investigated in details. The results show that for vehicle speed below 80 km/h and depths of WPW below 0.04 mm, the effect of WPW on the vibration of the caliper is slight. However, as vehicle speed and wear depth continue to rise, the vibration of the caliper increases noticeably. Furthermore, the effects of vehicle speed and wear depth on brake disc vibration are more obvious, and increasing vehicle speed and wear depth will steadily deteriorate the vibration of the disc. Besides, the effect of WPW is particularly pronounced on the dynamic behavior of the brake units closer to the wheels. Overall, the influence of wheel polygon cannot be neglected in the study of dynamic characteristics of brake system. At the same time, the proposed model can also be applied in the strength evaluation of brake components and the study of the tribological behaviors within the brake interface.
Recent Trends on Environmental, Social and Governance Research: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Kansal Purva , Malhotra Keshav , Neelam  
Published: June 2024

Purpose: Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) is becoming a key concept of sustainability around the world. There is a tremendous increase in academic interest in ESG. It is difficult for researchers to structure a large quantity of unstructured data through a structured literature review or meta-analysis. Although, in recent years, many visualization tools have been invented for structuring or visualization of large quantities of literature, yet, there is currently a lack of bibliometric and visualization studies on this subject. To fill this lacuna, this study is conducted to analyse the publication metrics on the ESG literature and to give a research agenda for future research. This study will clarify the conceptual underpinnings of the ESG field serving as a reference for ESG development to help researchers and stakeholders quickly grasp the fundamentals of this subject. Design/Methodology/Approach: An extensive literature review was carried out on ESG spread over the period between 2008 and 2022 published journals identified from online academic databases of Scopus. A total of 701 conceptual and empirical articles were analysed. To achieve the objectives of the study, bibliometric analysis was used. To conduct bibliometric analysis, Biblioshiny application of RStudio and VOSviewer software was used. Findings: This study highlighted key trends, emerging themes and sub-themes by analysing the statistical profile of ESG literature, most productive ESG research journals, authors, countries, keywords and their collaboration status using bibliometric analysis. Research implications: By providing the distribution schema of ESG articles based on different criteria and by providing the future research areas, the present study would help future researchers to understand the current status of ESG research in the business industry as well as in academia and take this research area forward. Originality/Value: This bibliometric analysis provides a holistic view of ESG literature highlighting major research themes and their related sub-themes addressed in the research studies to date.