bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil piping and catchment response
Authors: Jones J. A. A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractOver the 40 years, since soil piping was first considered to be a potential factor in the hydrological response of catchments, research has revealed a considerable amount about its hydrological role and its geographical, climatic and pedological distribution. Piping has been shown to be a major factor supporting the hypothesis that subsurface flow can be a significant contributor to quickflow by field experiments ranging from the United Kingdom to Canada, India and China. This research has demonstrated that, at least in some areas, soil pipes may contribute up to nearly 50% of stormwater discharge. Piping processes therefore merit inclusion within rainfall–runoff simulation models, but this has yet to be achieved. Some progress has been made in modelling pipeflow itself, but integration within a catchment model presents major problems, not least in quantifying or parameterizing the nature and distribution of pipe networks. The wider environmental implications of soil piping are also only just beginning to be recognized. These range from the effects of changing residence times on water chemistry, especially on the acidification of surface waters, to the effects of hillslope drainage patterns on soil development and vegetation diversity. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SWAT application to estimate design runoff curve number for South Korean conditions
Authors: Kim Nam Won , Lee Jin Won , Lee Jeongwoo , Lee Jeong Eun 
Published: March 2010

AbstractRunoff estimations based on the standard USDA–NRCS curve number (CN) table without calibration have a tendency to give inaccurate results when the CN values are applied in South Korea which has many high slope watersheds and that has a continental monsoon climate. Particularly for the design flood estimation, accurately calibrated CN values are required because the estimated peak flow is very sensitive to the selection of CN. However, the lack of flood data makes it difficult to calibrate and assign runoff CNs to Korean watersheds. Even if sufficient data are available to estimate CN values, it is also difficult to obtain the direct flows by separating base flows from total runoff hydrographs due to the temporal irregularity of rainfall events and the resulting complex pattern of runoff. Therefore, an alternative method for estimating CNs needs to be developed to overcome these issues.The purpose of this study is to present a method for estimating runoff CNs using the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model which can take into account watershed heterogeneities such as climate conditions, land use and soil types. The proposed CN estimation method uses the simulated flow data by SWAT instead of using measured flow data. This method has advantages in estimating CN values spatially for each subbasin division considering watershed characteristics. The use of daily data can reduce the sensitivity to the abnormality that is commonly involved in flow data with a small time scale. The SWAT‐based CN estimation method, combined with the asymptotic CN method, was applied to the Chungju dam watershed in South Korea. A regression equation was then developed from this approach, which was used to estimate CN values that decrease exponentially as rainfall amounts increase and that converge to 60·6 and 79·4 without and with considering subsurface lateral flow, respectively. Furthermore, the CN values for the antecedent moisture conditions were determined using the probabilistic approach. The CN associated with the 50% probability for the Chungju dam watershed is 87·8 which can be taken to be representative of antecedent moisture condition (AMC) II. The CNI and CNIII associated with 90% and 10% probabilities are 78·9 and 94·1, respectively. The estimated CNII = 87·8 differs markedly from the geographic information system (GIS)‐based CN 65·0, which implies that the standard USDA–NRCS CN method should be calibrated to the studied area of interest. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A predictive model for well loss using fuzzy logic approach
Authors: Altunkaynak Abdüsselam 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSimple methods for calculating well losses are important for well design and optimization of groundwater source operation. Well losses arise from both laminar flow within the aquifer and turbulent flow within the well, and are often ignored in theoretical aquifer test analysis. The Jacob (1947) and Rorabaugh (1953) techniques for predicting well losses are widely used in the literature; however, inherent in these techniques are the assumptions of linearity, normality and homoscedascity. In the Rorabaugh technique, prior knowledge, or prediction of, the parameters A, C and n is required for calculation of well losses. Unfortunately, as of yet, no method for adequately obtaining these parameters without experimental data and linear regression exist. For these reasons, the Rorabaugh methodology has some practical and realistic limitations. In this paper, a fuzzy logic approach is employed in the calculation of well losses. An advantage of the fuzzy logic approach is that it does not make any assumptions about the form of the well loss functionality and does not require initial estimates for the calculation of well losses. Results show that the fuzzy model is a practical alternative to the Rorabaugh technique, producing lower errors (mean absolute error, mean square error and root mean square error) relative to observed data, for the case presented, comparatively to the Rorabaugh model. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of uncertainties in meteorological forcing data and land surface parameters on global estimates of terrestrial water balance components
Authors: Nasonova O. N. , Gusev Ye. M. , Kovalev Ye. E. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe quality of near‐surface meteorology and land surface parameters strongly influences the simulation of terrestrial water balance components by land surface models. In this article, the sensitivity of global estimates of terrestrial water balance components to uncertainties in meteorological forcing data and land surface parameters is investigated using the SWAP land surface model and different global datasets. The latter were prepared within the framework of the International Satellite Land‐Surface Climatology Project (ISLSCP) Initiative II and the Second Global Soil Wetness Project (GSWP‐2). Sixteen variants of estimations of mean annual water balance components on the global scale were obtained. The discrepancies among the variants were found to be large: global annual run‐off varied by 1·9 times; its surface and sub‐surface components by 2·2 and 1·8 times, respectively; run‐off ratio by 1·5 times and the other hydrological quantities by 1·2–1·3 times. Uncertainties in precipitation datasets translate to uncertainties in run‐off and evapotranspiration depending on the ratio of real evapotranspiration to its potential value E/E0. In the areas with high E/E0, differences in P across precipitation datasets mainly translated to differences in R. In the areas with the lowest values of E/E0, run‐off is nearly insensitive to changes in P, while uncertainty in P mostly translates to uncertainty in E. Uncertainties in E and R due to different radiation datasets are the same in absolute units. Impact of uncertainties in soil parameters on estimations of water balance components can be comparable with the impact of uncertainties in forcing data. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a gridded daily hydrometeorological data set for Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Wong C. L. , Venneker R. , Jamil A. B. M. , Uhlenbrook S. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe integration of spatially and temporally varying observation data is an important step to formulate and generalize the large‐scale relationships and feedback between the atmosphere and hydrological processes. In this contribution, we present a moderate resolution surface hydrometeorological data set for Peninsular Malaysia. The data set is gridded from daily observation data at a grid size of 0·05° resolution for 1975–2004. The variables include rainfall, temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed. An overview of the integration and processing of the variety of data sources and the methodology used in the development of the data set is given. Furthermore, an evaluation of the data set is presented in terms of the general characteristics of the individual variables. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Laboratory study of the influence of salinity on the relationship between electrical conductivity and wetness of snow
Authors: Granlund Nils , Lundberg Angela , Gustafsson David 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSnow water equivalent of a snowpack can be estimated using ground‐penetrating radar from the radar wave two‐way travel time. However, such estimates often have low accuracy when the snowpack contains liquid water. If snow wetness is known, it is possible to take it into account in the estimates; it is therefore desirable to be able to determine snow wetness from already available radar data. Our approach is based on using radar wave attenuation, and it requires that the relationship between electrical conductivity and wetness of snow should be known. This relationship has been tentatively established in previous laboratory experiments, but only for a specific liquid water salinity and radar frequency. This article presents the results of new laboratory experiments conducted to investigate if and how this relationship is influenced by salinity. In each experiment, a certain amount of snow was melted and a known amount of salt (different for different experiments) was added to the water. Water salinity was measured, and the water was added step‐wise to a one‐meter thick snowpack, with radar measurements taken between additions of water. Our experiments have confirmed the earlier established linear relationship between electrical conductivity and wetness of snow, and they allow us to suggest that the influence of liquid water salinity on electrical conductivity is negligible when compared to the influence of liquid water content in snow. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CADM1/TSLC1 inactivation by promoter hypermethylation is a frequent event in colorectal carcinogenesis and correlates with late stages of the disease
Authors: Chen Kequan , Wang Guanghai , Peng Liang , Liu Side , Fu Xiangsheng , Zhou Yu , Yu Haisheng , Li Aiming , Li Jing , Zhang Shaoheng , Bai Yang , Zhang Yali 
Published: March 2010

AbstractCell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1/TSLC1), a putative tumor suppressor involving in cell adhesion, proliferation and apoptosis, is frequently inactivated in several carcinomas due to promoter hypermethylation. But alterations of CADM1/TSLC1 in colorectal carcinogenesis and clinical significance have not been elucidated yet. The aim of this study was to determine the role of functional inactivation of CADM1/TSLC1 gene in colorectal tumorigenesis and its potential as a novel epigenetic marker for clinical assessment of patients with colorectal cancer. We measured CADM1/TSLC1 expression levels in 8 colorectal cancer cell lines, 54 primary colorectal carcinomas and their corresponding non‐cancerous tissues by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. We analyzed CADM1/TSLC1 promoter methylation status by bisulfite genomic sequencing and the methylation special polymerase chain reaction, and evaluated its correlation with clinicopathological characteristics. All statistical tests were 2‐sides. Downregulation of CADM1/TSLC1 expression was observed in 7 of 8 (88%) colorectal cancer cell lines and in 39 of 54 (72%) primary colorectal carcinomas. Hypermethylation of CADM1/TSLC1 promoter region occurred in 6 of 8 (75%) colorectal cancer cell lines and 32 of 54 (59%) primary colorectal carcinomas, and was correlated with advanced colorectal carcinoma. Epigenetic inactivation of CADM1/TSLC1 gene is a frequent alteration in development of colorectal cancer and can be a potential biomarker for molecular staging of patients with colorectal cancer.
Secreted frizzled‐related protein‐5 is epigenetically downregulated and functions as a tumor suppressor in kidney cancer
Authors: Kawakami Kazumori , Yamamura Soichiro , Hirata Hiroshi , Ueno Koji , Saini Sharanjot , Majid Shahana , Tanaka Yuichiro , Kawamoto Ken , Enokida Hideki , Nakagawa Masayuki , Dahiya Rajvir 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSecreted frizzled‐related protein‐5 (sFRP‐5) has been identified as 1 of the secreted antagonists that bind Wnt protein. However, the functional significance of sFRP‐5 in renal cell cancer (RCC) has not been reported. We hypothesized that sFRP‐5 may be epigenetically downregulated through DNA methylation and histone modification and function as a tumor suppressor gene in RCC. Using tissue microarray and real‐time RT‐PCR, we found that sFRP‐5 was significantly downregulated in kidney cancer tissues and cell lines, respectively. DNA bisulfite sequencing of the sFRP‐5 promoter region in RCC cell lines showed it to be densely methylated, whereas there was few promoter methylation in normal kidney. The sFRP‐5 expression was restored and the acetylation of H3 and H4 histones associated with the sFRP‐5 promoter region were significantly increased after treatment with demethylation agent (5‐Aza‐dc) and histone deacetylase inhibitor (TSA). When RCC cells were transfected with the sFRP‐5 gene, significant inhibition of anchorage independent colony formation and cell invasion were observed compared to controls. The sFRP‐5 transfection also significantly induced apoptosis in RCC cells. In conclusion, this is the first report documenting that the sFRP‐5 is downregulated by promoter methylation and histone acetylation and functions as a tumor suppressor gene by inducing apoptosis in RCC cells.
The three‐dimensional nanofiber scaffold culture condition improves viability and function of islets
Authors: Zhao Ming , Song Chun , Zhang Weihui , Hou Yan , Huang Renping , Song Yimin , Xie Wanjun , Shi Yubo , Song Chunfang 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSignificant problems existing in the islet transplantation include a poor survival ability of the islet cells cultured under static conditions in vitro, decreased secretion function, and limited transplantation efficiency. In this study, we cocultured the three‐dimensional (3D) self‐assembling peptide nanofiber hydrogel scaffold with the islets from adult Wistar rats. The nanofiber scaffold constructed a 3D environment for the islets culture. The results of DTZ staining showed that the purity of the islets in the scaffold was >80%. The result of the fluorescent staining with AO‐PI demonstrated that the viability of the islets in the 3D culture environment (within scaffold) was greater than those in the two‐dimensional (2D) culture environment (without scaffold). The islets encapsulated in the 3D peptide nanofiber scaffold exhibited better secretion function. The insulin releasing index in the 3D group was remarkably higher than that in the 2D group. By scanning electron microscopy, it was observed that the 3D self‐assembling peptide nanofiber hydrogel scaffold formed a nano scale fiber with a geometric form and the islets were encapsulated in this scaffold. Our research demonstrated that this nanofiber scaffold provided a favorable 3D environment for the islets to be cultured in vitro and then improve the secretion function and prolong the survival time of the islet in vitro. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Type I collagen promotes proliferation and osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells via activation of ERK and Akt pathways
Authors: Tsai Kuo‐Shu , Kao Shou‐Yen , Wang Chien‐Yuan , Wang Yng‐Jiin , Wang Jung‐Pan , Hung Shih‐Chieh 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBiomaterials not only serve as scaffolds for bone regeneration, but may also exhibit inductive capability for bone growth. The goal of this study was to identify the best extracellular matrix protein for enhancing osteogenesis by hMSCs (human mesenchymal stem cells) and to investigate the underlying mechanism. Coating with collagen I, but not fibronectin, laminin, gelatin, and poly‐L‐lysine, enhanced late cell proliferation and promoted osteogenesis by hMSCs, as evidenced by an increase in Alizarin Red S staining, alkaline phosphatase activity and mRNA levels of Runx2 and osteocalcin. Coating with collagen I induced activation of ERK and Akt but not FAK, and treatment with PD98059 and LY294002 blocked the activation of ERK and Akt, respectively. Interestingly, LY294002 also blocked ERK activation, indicating the activation of PI3K/ERK pathway upon contact with collagen I. Furthermore, PD98059 or LY294002 abolished collagen I‐induced promotion of osteogenesis by hMSCs. However, blocking antibodies against α2β1 integrins did not inhibit collagen I‐induced osteogenesis by hMSCs. These data demonstrate that collagen I promotes proliferation and osteogenesis of hMSCs via activation of ERK and Akt pathways. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010
Neural differentiation directed by self‐assembling peptide scaffolds presenting laminin‐derived epitopes
Authors: Li Qianqian , Chau Ying 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe prepared biofunctionalized matrices for cell growth using (RADA)3IKVAV(RADA)3 ((Arg‐Ala‐Asp‐Ala)3‐Ile‐Lys‐Val‐Ala‐Val‐(Arg‐Ala‐Asp‐Ala)3) and (RADA)4IKVAV ((Arg‐Ala‐Asp‐Ala)4‐Ile‐Lys‐Val‐Ala‐Val), self‐assembling peptides with a laminin‐derived sequence inserted between and attached terminally to the repeats of RADA, respectively. The material–cell interactions were investigated with PC12, a cell line commonly used as a model for studying neural differentiation. The behavior of PC12 and especially the neural differentiation was guided by the presence of IKVAV. Furthermore, the cell–material interactions were dependent on the culture dimensionality and the position of IKVAV in the self‐assembling peptide template. In the two‐dimensional (2‐D) culture, matrices containing IKVAV stimulated significantly longer neurite outgrowths from PC12 cells than did (RADA)4. More pronounced effect was observed in (RADA)3IKVAV(RADA)3 than in (RADA)4IKVAV. In the three‐dimensional (3‐D) culture, neurite outgrowth was not observed in the biofunctionalized matrices. Instead, cells displayed higher proliferation rate and survived longer culture time than in the 2‐D culture, with such enhancement being most significant in (RADA)3IKVAV(RADA)3. Despite the lack of differentiation phenotype, the cells grown in 3‐D biofunctionalized matrices were primed for differentiation, as evident by enhanced neurite outgrowth, increased neurite networking, and up‐regulated expression of differentiation markers upon their reintroduction to the 2‐D culture condition on petri dish. With the ease of incorporating biofunctional epitopes, and the flexibility to support either 2‐D or 3‐D culture, self‐assembling peptides provide versatile scaffolds to study the multiple facets of biomaterial–cell interactions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010
The effect of scanning electrochemical potential on the short‐term impedance of commercially pure titanium in simulated biological conditions
Authors: Ehrensberger Mark T. , Gilbert Jeremy L. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe electrochemical history (voltage–time variations) of titanium oxide‐solution interfaces can vary widelyin vivo, particularly where oxide abrasion is present, and it is important to assess the effects of voltage on the impedance behavior of the interface. Potential step impedance analysis (PSIA) utilizes a time and frequency domain methodology to assess the electrochemical impedance of electrified interfaces over a range of voltages. The PSIA method was used to study the combined effects of scanning electrical potential and the presence of solution‐born organic species (protein, amino acids, etc.) on the electrochemical properties of cpTi. The specific solutions used in these scanning PSIA experiments were phosphate buffered saline and cell culture medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. The results show that electrochemical impedance properties of cpTi are voltage–time history dependent and strongly influenced by electrical potential within the −1000 mV to +1000 mV range studied. Moreover, the presence of biologically relevant molecules in the electrolyte solution alters the impedance properties only at cathodic potentials. Specifically, at cathodic potentials, these organic species have been shown to suppress the cathodic current density, shift the zero current potential in the cathodic direction, and increase the interfacial capacitance, polarization resistance, and the distribution of surface relaxation times. At anodic potentials, the presence of the organic species does not alter any of the electrochemical properties examined. Overall, these results show the importance of understanding of the variation in electrochemical potentials achievablein vivoand the effects voltage history has on interfacial electrochemical behavior. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010
The stability of self‐assembled monolayers with time and under biological conditions
Authors: Maciel Joana , Martins M. Cristina L. , Barbosa Mário A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe stability of self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) of different functionalities (CH3‐, OH‐, and EG4‐) over time under appropriate storage conditions and when immersed in cell culture media was evaluated. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to detect the oxidized sulfur species (S2p binding energy from 167 to 168 eV) resulting from oxidation of the surfaces. CH3‐terminated SAMs stored for a period of 9 weeks in a nitrogen chamber were not altered. The same did not happen with OH‐ and EG4‐SAMs, for which the XPS spectra evidenced oxidized peaks after 2 weeks. Regarding the stability of these surfaces under biological conditions, 30 min of immersion at 37°C in serum‐free or 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) supplemented medium did not induce detectable oxidation. However, a small percentage of oxidized sulfur could have been washed out by the media, as confirmed in studies using SAMs immersed in water. Despite the possible rinsing out of oxidized thiols, high amounts of oxidation can still be detected by XPS. SAMs degradation during ethanol sterilization was not detectable by XPS, although a small increase on the wettability of OH‐SAMs was observed. The data suggest that SAMs must be used freshly prepared, being recommended for short‐term biological studies. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010
Evaluation of scaffold materials for tooth tissue engineering
Authors: Ohara Takayuki , Itaya Toshimitsu , Usami Kazutada , Ando Yusuke , Sakurai Hiroya , Honda Masaki J. , Ueda Minoru , Kagami Hideaki 
Published: March 2010

AbstractRecently, the possibility of tooth tissue engineering has been reported. Although there are a number of available materials, information about scaffolds for tooth tissue engineering is still limited. To improve the manageability of tooth tissue engineering, the effect of scaffolds on in vivo tooth regeneration was evaluated. Collagen and fibrin were selected for this study based on the biocompatibility to dental papilla‐derived cells and the results were compared with those of polyglycolic acid (PGA) fiber and β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) porous block, which are commonly used for tooth, dentin and bone tissue engineering. Isolated porcine tooth germ‐derived cells were seeded onto one of those scaffolds and transplanted to the back of nude mice. Tooth bud‐like structures were observed more frequently in collagen and fibrin gels than on PGA or β‐TCP, while the amount of hard tissue formation was less. The results showed that collagen and fibrin gel support the initial regeneration process of tooth buds possibly due to their ability to support the growth of epithelial and mesenchymal cells. On the other hand, maturation of tooth buds was difficult in fibrin and collagen gels, which may require other factors. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010