bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of wet‐laid techniques to form flax‐polypropylene nonwovens as base substrates for eco‐friendly composites by using hot‐press molding
Authors: Fages Eduardo , Gironés Sagrario , Sánchez‐Nacher Lourdes , García‐Sanoguera David , Balart Rafael 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe wet‐laid process with flax (base) and polypropylene (binder) fibers has been used to obtain nonwovens for further processing by hot‐press molding. Mechanical characterization of nonwovens has revealed that slight anisotropy is obtained with the wet‐laid process as better tensile strength is obtained in the preferential deposition direction. The thermo‐bonding process provides good cohesion to nonwovens, which is critical for further handling/shaping by hot‐press molding. Flax:PP composites have been processed by stacking eight individual flax:PP nonwoven sheets and applying moderate temperature and pressure. As the amount of binder fiber is relatively low (<30 wt%) if compared with similar systems processed by extrusion and injection molding, it is possible to obtain eco‐friendly composites as the total content on natural fiber (flax) is higher than 70 wt%. Mechanical characterization of hot‐pressed flax:PP composites has revealed high dependency of tensile and flexural strength on the total amount of binder fiber as this component is responsible for flax fiber embedment which is a critical parameter to ensure good fiber–matrix interaction. Combination of wet‐laid techniques with hot‐press molding processes is interesting from both technical and environmental points of view as high natural fiber content composites with balanced properties can be obtained. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Solar cell efficiency tables (version 39)
Authors: Green Martin A. , Emery Keith , Hishikawa Yoshihiro , Warta Wilhelm , Dunlop Ewan D. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTConsolidated tables showing an extensive listing of the highest independently confirmed efficiencies for solar cells and modules are presented. Guidelines for inclusion of results into these tables are outlined, and new entries since July 2011 are reviewed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel benzimidazole moiety‐containing benzoxazine: Synthesis, polymerization, and thermal properties
Authors: Yang Po , Gu Yi 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA novel benzoxazine‐containing benzimidazole moiety (P‐PABZ) was synthesized from 2‐(4‐aminophenyl)‐1H‐benzimidazole‐5‐amine and characterized. With the aid of differential scanning calorimetry and in
situ Fourier transform infrared, we found the thermal polymerization of P‐PABZ in bulk started around 140 °C and its favored polymerization pathway. Compared to the benzoxazine derived from 4,4′‐diamine diphenyl methane (P‐MDA), P‐PABZ exhibited lower processing temperature, and the corresponding polymers had higher glass transition temperature and enhanced thermal stability. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Synthesis and characterization of phenol‐based biaryl proton conducting polymers
Authors: Nagamani Chikkannagari , Guo Jing , Thayumanavan S. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBiaryl hydroxy polymers with orthogonal disposition of proton transporting OH moieties have been synthesized via conventional free radical polymerization. The polymers are characterized for their thermal stability and proton conductivity, and the results are compared with the corresponding styrenic hydroxy polymers. The orthogonal disposition of OH moieties in biaryl polymers does result in lower Ea for proton transport. However, the lower Ea values in biaryl polymers did not translate into a net increase in proton conductivity. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Measurement of size‐dependent glass transition temperature in electrospun polymer fibers using AFM nanomechanical testing
Authors: Wang Wei , Barber Asa H. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe glass transition temperature (Tg) of individual electrospun polymer polyvinyl alcohol fibers of varying diameter was measured using atomic force microscopy (AFM) based nanomechanical thermal analysis. Indentation and bending of individual electrospun fibers using AFM allowed the calculation of the elastic modulus of the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers across a range of different temperatures. The elastic modulus of electrospun PVA fibers was observed to decrease significantly when passing through Tg, which allowed accurate determination of Tg. The Tg of electrospun PVA fibers was shown to decrease for smaller fiber diameters especially for fiber diameters below 250 nm. This size‐dependent glass transition behavior of electrospun PVA fibers is indicated as being due to polymer chain confinement. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2011
The adiabatic‐to‐diabatic transformation angle and the berry phase for coupled jahn–teller/renner–teller systems: The F + H2 as a case study
Authors: Das Anita , Mukhopadhyay Debasis , Adhikari Satrajit , Baer Michael 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe approach to calculate improved, two‐state, adiabatic‐to‐diabatic transformation angles (also known as mixing angles), presented before (see Das et al., J Chem Phys 2010, 133, 084107), was used here while studying the F + H2 system. However, this study is characterized by two new features: (a) it is the first of its kind in which is studied the interplay between Renner–Teller (RT) and Jahn–Teller (JT) nonadiabatic coupling terms (NACT); (b) it is the first of its kind in which is reported the effect of an upper singular RT‐NACT on a lower two‐state (JT) mixing angle. The fact that the upper NACT is singular (it is shown to be a quasi‐Dirac δ‐function) enables a semi‐analytical solution for this perturbed mixing angle. The present treatment, performed for the F + H2 system, revealed the existence of a novel parameter, η, the Jahn–Renner coupling parameter (JRCP), which yields, in an unambiguous way, the right intensity of the RT coupling (as resembled, in this case, by the quasi‐Dirac δ‐function) responsible for the fact that the final end‐of‐the contour angle (identified with the Berry phase) is properly quantized. This study implies that the numerical value of this parameter is a pure number (independent of the molecular system): η =
$ 2\sqrt 2 /\pi $
(= 0.9003) and that there is a good possibility that this value is a novel characteristic molecular constant for a certain class of tri‐atomic systems. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Microsolvation of DMSO: Density functional study on the structure and polaraizabilities
Authors: Venkataramanan Natarajan Sathiyamoorthy 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe structure and stability for the association of water with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) are investigated using the density functional M06‐2X level theory. Stable complexes are formed by the formation of hydrogen bonding between water and oxygen atom of DMSO molecule, while the electrostatic force between water and DMSO plays a vital role in deciding the structure. The water‐DMSO interactions are stronger than the interwater hydrogen bonds, which can be inferred from the shorter DMSO‐water bond distance compared with the water–water bond distance. The calculated solvent association energy does not saturate, and it remains favorable to attach additional water molecules to the existing water network. The calculated IR spectra shifts supports the formation stronger hydrogen bonding, while the electrostatic potential (ESP) plot supports the existence of weaker electrostatic interaction in the studied clusters. The polarizabilities for the ground state clusters were found to increase monotonically with the cluster size. The presence of additional electrostatic bonding between water and DMSO, devastates the linear hydrogen‐bonding network. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Theoretical study of the electronic structure of LiX and NaX (X = Rb, Cs) molecules
Authors: Dardouri Riadh , Issa Khaled , Oujia Brahim , Xavier Gadéa Florent 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAdiabatic potential energy, spectroscopic constants, dipole moments, and vibrational levels have been computed for the lowest electronic states of alkali dimers LiX and NaX (X = Rb, Cs). Calculations have been carried with the use of an ab initio approach with core‐potential potentials and full‐valence configuration. Thus, these systems are treated as two‐electron systems. A good agreement is obtained for some lowest states of the molecules studied with available theoretical works. The existence of numerous avoided crossings between electronic states for 1Σ symmetries is related to the charge‐transfer process in each molecule between its two ionic systems (Li+X−, Li−X+) and (Na+X−, Na−X+). © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Comprehensive study of the interaction between hydrogen halides and methanol derivatives
Authors: Raissi Heidar , Yoosefian Mehdi , Mollania Fariba 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe RCH2HO…HX (R = SCl, Cl, SH, NO2, OMe, CHO, CN, C2H5, CH3, H; X = F, Cl, Br) complexes are considered here as the interest sample for the consideration of different measures of H‐bond strength. The intermolecular interaction energies are predicted by using MP2/6‐31++G(d,p) and B3LYP/6‐31++G(d,p) methods with basis set superposition error and zero‐point energy corrections. The results showed that intermolecular hydrogen bonds for complexes with HF are stronger than such interactions in complexes with HCl and HBr. Quantum theory of “Atoms in Molecules” and natural bond orbitals method were applied to analyzed H‐bond interactions. The gas phase thermodynamic properties of complexes were predicted using quantum mechanical computations. The obtained results showed a strong influence of the R and X substituents on the thermodynamic properties of complexes. Numerous correlations between topological, geometrical, thermodynamic properties and energetic parameters were also found. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Activin and BMP4 Synergistically Promote Formation of Definitive Endoderm in Human Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Teo Adrian K. K. , Ali Yusuf , Wong Kee Yew , Chipperfield Hiram , Sadasivam Akila , Poobalan Yogavalli , Tan Ee Kim , Wang Siew Tein , Abraham Suman , Tsuneyoshi Norihiro , Stanton Lawrence W. , Dunn N. Ray 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) herald tremendous promise for the production of clinically useful cell types for the treatment of injury and disease. Numerous reports demonstrate their differentiation into definitive endoderm (DE) cells, the germ layer from which pancreatic β cells and hepatocytes arise, solely from exposure to a high dose of recombinant Activin/Nodal. We show that combining a second related ligand, BMP4, in combination with Activin A yields 15%–20% more DE as compared with Activin A alone. The addition of recombinant BMP4 accelerates the downregulation of pluripotency genes, particularly SOX2, and results in upregulation of endogenous BMP2 and BMP4, which in turn leads to elevated levels of phospho-SMAD1/5/8. Combined Activin A and BMP4 treatment also leads to an increase in the expression of DE genes CXCR4, SOX17, and FOXA2 when compared with Activin A addition alone. Comparative microarray studies between DE cells harvested on day 3 of differentiation further reveal a novel set of genes upregulated in response to initial BMP4 exposure. Several of these, including APLNR, LRIG3, MCC, LEPREL1, ROR2, and LZTS1, are expressed in the mouse primitive streak, the site of DE formation. Thus, this synergism between Activin A and BMP4 during the in vitro differentiation of hESC into DE suggests a complex interplay between BMP and Activin/Nodal signaling during the in vivo allocation and expansion of the endoderm lineage.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Rodent seed predation on tree invader species in grassland habitats of the inland Pampa
Authors: Busch María , Knight Carol , Mazía Cristina Noemí , Hodara Karina , Muschetto Emiliano , Chaneton Enrique 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWoody plant invasion in grassland ecosystems is a worldwide phenomenon, and biotic interactions as competition and predation have been invoked as a possible barrier to woody encroachment in many ecosystems. We evaluated the role of rodents as seed predators in Pampean grasslands, and we assessed the differences in removal by rodents between one native species, Prosopis caldenia (Caldén) and one exotic species, Gleditisia triacanthos (Honey locust). The experiment was conducted at different phases of the rodent population cycle in two grassland communities, a remnant of a native grassland and a post agriculture grassland (old field). The amount of seed loss caused by predation was estimated by a bait‐removal experiment in foraging stations. We estimated the frequency of foraging stations with consumption, the overall amount of seed predation and the individual rate of seed predation. The total amount of seed removal and the individual rate of seed removal were higher for P. caldenia than for G. triacanthos, in the native grassland than in the old field, and in autumn when rodent density was maximum. Overall, the role of rodents on woody seed removal varied according to the plant species and depending on the local conditions that vary through time and space.
Variation in mouth actions with manual signs in Sign Language of the Netherlands (NGT)
Authors: Bank Richard , Crasborn Onno A. , van Hout Roeland 
Published: December 2011

Mouthings and mouth gestures are omnipresent in Sign Language of the Netherlands (NGT). Mouthings in NGT commonly have their origin in spoken Dutch. We conducted a corpus study to explore how frequent mouthings in fact are in NGT, whether there is variation within and between signs in mouthings, and how frequent temporal reduction occurs in mouthings. Answers to these questions can help us classify mouthings as being specified in the sign lexicon or as being instances of code-blending. We investigated a sample of 20 frequently occurring signs. We found that each sign in the sample co-occurs frequently with a mouthing, usually that of a specific Dutch lexical item. On the other hand, signs show variation in the way they co-occur with mouthings and mouth gestures.
By using a relatively large amount of natural data, we succeeded in gaining more insight into the way mouth actions are utilized in sign languages.
Age Determination of the Yellow Irish Lord: Management Implications as a Result of New Estimates of Maximum Age
Authors: Hutchinson Charles E. , TenBrink Todd T. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The yellow Irish lord Hemilepidotus jordani is an abundant, large sculpin found in the eastern Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands, where it is one of the most commonly caught sculpins. Interest in ecosystem-based fisheries management has increased, prompting the need to collect life history information from nontarget or incidental bycatch species. Sagittal otoliths were used to age 776 yellow Irish lords sampled during 2005 and 2006 in summer bottom trawl surveys conducted by the Alaska Fisheries Science Center in the eastern Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands regions. Annuli viewed on otolith surfaces and thin sections were enumerated to arrive at estimates of age. Specimens ranged from age 1 to a maximum of age 28, more than doubling the previously published estimate of longevity for this species. Age estimates from both regions were used to calculate separate sex-specific total mortality rates for yellow Irish lords based on catch-curve analysis. These new age estimates have resulted in potential changes in yellow Irish lord harvest recommendations, demonstrating the importance of age and growth information to fisheries managers.
Received January 18, 2011; accepted August 4, 2011
Ethnography as Relation: The Significance of the French Caribbean in the Ethnographic Writing of Michel Leiris
Authors: Britton Celia 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

This article considers two kinds of connection between Leiris and the French Caribbean: that between his ideas on ethnography and Martinican Édouard Glissant's concept of Relation; and the impact that his encounter with the French Caribbean had on those ideas. In 1950 Leiris develops a conception of ethnography as a
partnership
between Western and non-Western societies in which the ethnographer is not only politically involved in the societies she or he studies, but also trains native ethnographers so that the discipline can become a dialogue — or Relation — between the perspectives of ‘self’ and ‘other’ on the self's and the other's cultures. In two important articles on Leiris, Glissant comments approvingly on Leiris's formulation of the difference between his earlier phantasy of identification with the colonized and his new politicized stance. In fact, however, the difference is less clear-cut: Leiris's writing continues to express a complex imbrication of the personal and the political; the political commitment can be seen as a ‘sublimated’ version of the original emotional investment. Leiris moves from a desire to achieve ‘contact vrai’ with the black other to a sublimated desire to study societies that are themselves made up of contacts with other cultures; and the Caribbean provides the ideal example. But the importance of the Caribbean for Leiris lies also in the greater possibilities it offers, compared with Africa, for making his own personal ‘contacts’, through his friendship with Césaire, with politically active Antillean intellectuals, and hence laying the foundations for interactive ethnographic partnerships.
Two cases of eruptive pseudoangiomatosis induced by mosquito bites
Authors: OKA Keiko , OHTAKI Noriko , KASAI Shinji , TAKAYAMA Kaoru , YOKOZEKI Hiroo 
Published: December 2011

AbstractEruptive pseudoangiomatosis is a skin eruption characterized by millet‐sized erythema with an anemic halo appearing on exposed body areas. Insect bites, particularly mosquito bites, have been reported as one of the causes of eruptive pseudoangiomatosis. We experienced two cases of eruptive pseudoangiomatosis and the eruption was seen on the face and upper extremities of two women aged 48 and 77 years old. The two cases consented to be experimentally bitten by Culex pipiens mosquitoes and Aedes albopictus to determine if eruptive pseudoangiomatosis could be experimentally elicited by these mosquitoes. Our results showed that several minutes after a C. pipiens mosquito bite, an erythematous spot appeared on the bite site, followed by the formation of an anemic halo surrounding the erythema in 30 min; a successful reproduction of eruptive pseudoangiomatosis. The erythema lasted for more than a week and was not accompanied by any pruritus. With A. albopictus, we were able to reproduce a milder eruptive pseudoangiomatosis eruption: in case 1, a smaller erythematous spot with an ill‐defined halo which disappeared within 1 week; and in case 2, an immediate response consisting of a wheal and erythema but not eruptive pseudoangiomatosis. We demonstrated that eruptive pseudoangiomatosis was the response manifested in individuals who normally did not demonstrate any immediate or delayed reaction to insect bites; and the typical eruptive pseudoangiomatosis eruption was elicited by C. pipiens mosquito bites. However, the mechanism resulting in the manifestation of eruptive pseudoangiomatosis is still unknown.
HLA‐A31 strongly associates with carbamazepine‐induced adverse drug reactions but not with carbamazepine‐induced lymphocyte proliferation in a Japanese population
Authors: NIIHARA Hiroyuki , KAKAMU Takeyasu , FUJITA Yasuyuki , KANEKO Sakae , MORITA Eishin 
Published: December 2011

AbstractCarbamazepine (CBZ) is the most frequent culprit drug for severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (ADR), such as Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and drug‐induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS). A strong association between human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐B*1502 and CBZ‐induced SJS/TEN has been reported in Han Chinese, Thai, Malaysian and Indian populations, but not in Caucasian or Japanese populations. Recent studies showed an association between HLA‐A*3101 and CBZ‐induced ADR in Caucasian and Japanese populations. We conducted a case–control study to determine HLA genotyping of patients with CBZ‐induced ADR in a Japanese population. Fifteen patients with CBZ‐induced ADR and 33 subjects who had taken CBZ for more than 3 months without evidence of any ADR as a control were enrolled. In addition, the results of a CBZ‐induced lymphocyte stimulation test were compared between the groups. A strong association was found between HLA‐A31 and CBZ‐induced ADR (P < 0.001), and a weak association was found between HLA‐A11 and HLA‐B51 with CBZ‐induced ADR. No HLA‐B*1502 was found in either patients or control subjects. The mean CBZ‐induced lymphocyte stimulation index was significantly high in patients with CBZ‐induced ADR compared with CBZ‐tolerant patients (P < 0.001); however, no significant difference was seen between HLA‐A31‐positive subjects and HLA‐A31‐negative subjects in either group. These findings suggest that HLA‐A31 is strongly associated with CBZ‐induced ADR in the Japanese, but does not determine CBZ‐induced lymphocyte proliferation.
DNA alterations of microsatellite DNA, p53, APC and K‐ras in Chinese colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Xu Xin‐Min , Qian Jian‐Chang , Cai Zhe , Tang Tao , Wang Peng , Zhang Ke‐Hua , Deng Zhou‐Lu , Cai Jian‐Ping 
Published: December 2011

Eur J Clin Invest 2012; 42 (7): 751–759AbstractBackground  Colorectal cancer is one of the most rapidly increasing cancers in the world, and accumulation of alterations in oncogenes, tumour suppressor genes and mismatch repair (MMR) genes contributes to colorectal tumorigenesis. Thus, we investigated the alterations of 14 microsatellite loci adjacent to MMR genes, p53, adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and K‐ras in 52 Chinese patients with colorectal cancer.Materials and Methods  We performed fluorescent polymerase chain reaction and capillary electrophoresis to analyse microsatellite instability (MSI) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in microsatellite loci, which included a panel of nine dinucleotide repeats and the Bethesda consensus panel. Additionally, we screened for mutations in exons 4–9 of p53 and the mutation cluster region (MCR) in APC by DHPLC. Codons 12, 13 and 61 in K‐ras were analysed using direct sequencing. All variations were confirmed using clone sequencing.Results  The alteration frequency of microsatellite DNA was 55·8% (29/52). Among the microsatellites, five loci exhibited MSI and another nine loci exhibited LOH. The mutation rates of p53, APC and K‐ras were 42·3%, 38·5% and 36·5%, respectively. All patients (n = 7) with liver metastasis had a mutation in p53, APC or K‐ras. APC mutation was correlated with clinical stage and the presence of lymph node metastasis (P = 0·001 and P = 0·006, respectively).Conclusions  A total of 80·8% of Chinese patients with colorectal cancer show variations in microsatellite DNA, p53, APC or K‐ras. It appears that these microsatellite DNA alterations could be a new biomarker for colorectal cancer.