bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low LH (Hcg) Receptor Concentration in Ovarian Follicles in Endometriosis
Authors: Kauppila Antti , Rajaniemi Hannu , Rönnberg Lars 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The concentration of LH (hCG) receptors in the granulosa cells of ovarian follicles was assayed in 20 patients with histologically proven endometriosis and in 6 control patients.The levels of receptors in 15 patients with ovarian endometriosis (0.48±0.46 fmol/mg protein) and in 5 patients with endometriosis without ovarian involvement (0.51±0.52 fmol/mg protein) were lower (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively) than in control patients (1.32<0.61 fmol/mg protein). The severity of the disease was not reflected in the results. The low receptor concentration in endometriosis suggests a failure in the mechanism mediating LH action in the follicle.
Use of Oral Oxytocics for Stimulation of Labor in Cases of Premature Rupture of the Membranes at Term
Authors: Westergaard J. G. , Lange A. P. , Pedersen G. Thomsen , Secher N. J. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract.The efficacy of oral PGE2tablets and buccal demoxytocin (resoriblets) for the induction of labor in cases of premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) after the 37th week of gestation has been evaluated in a prospective, randomized investigation of 193 women. PGE2tablets (Pro‐stinR) were given to 109 parturients and demoxytocin resoriblets (SandopartR) to 84. The former were given in increasing doses from an initial 0.5 mg to a maximum of 1.5 mg every hour. The demoxytocin was administered at a constant dosage of 50 I.U. every 30 min.The treatment was unsuccessful in 10 of the women treated with PGE2tablets and in 19 women receiving demoxytocin resoriblets. In addition, the treatment had to be discontinued in 5 women in the PGE2group due to gastrointestinal side effects. This gives a total success rate of 86.3% for treatment with PGE2against 77.4% in respect of demoxytocin. This difference is not significant.No difference was observed between the two treatment groups as regards: the stimulation‐delivery interval, duration of the various stages of labor, efficacy in primiparae and multiparae, efficacy in patients with a high/low Bishop score.A significantly higher frequency of gastro‐intestinal side effects was seen in those treated with PGE2(21.7%) as compared with demoxytocin (3.6%). The frequency of surgical intervention was 17% in the PGE2group and 10% in the demoxytocin group. In 4 cases where the stimulation was successful, cesarean section was carried out for reasons unrelated to the drug therapy.Despite the fact that demoxytocin treatment results in fewer side effects than PGE2, the efficacy of the drug is not superior. Based on experience from previous investigations carried out in this department, where intravenous oxytocin was found to be clearly better than oral PGE2for the induction of labor in cases of PROM, intravenous oxytocin will remain the method of choice due to the shorter period of treatment, which must take priority.
Intra‐Uterine Transfusions to the Rhesus‐Immunized Fetus in the Department of Obstetrics, National Hospital, Oslo 1968‐1979
Authors: Skjaeraasen Julie , Moe Narve 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. During the years 1968‐79, 115 intra‐uterine transfusions (IUT) were performed in 71 severely Rhimmunized pregnant women at 26‐32 weeks' gestational age. Thirty‐five (approx. 50%) infants survived; 28 died in utero and 9 in the neonatal period. The selection of patients and technique is described. The amount of transfused blood in cord blood at birth is presented for the majority of liveborn infants.The study emphasizes that the outcome of IUT is entirely dependent on the degree of hemolysis at the time of the initial IUT. Among 30 patients with an amniotic fluid optical density difference at 450 mμ <0.3, a survival rate of 83% was registered compared with 36% and 0% in groups with values 0.3‐0.6 and >0.6, respectively
The Influence of Dose‐Delivery time Interval on Neonatal Plasma Pethidine Levels
Authors: Moreland Terence A. , Brice John E. H. , Mohamdee Omar , Walker Colin H. M. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Plasma pethidine levels were determined by RIA during the first 24h of life in 126 neonates whose mothers had received a single intramuscular dose of 100‐150 mg pethidine HC1 0.25 to 19.5 h before delivery.The mean (geometric) maternal and cord venous plasma pethidine concentration and the neonatal capillary plasma levels at 0.5, 1.5 and 12‐24 h expressed per unit dose were 125, 98, 71, 59 and 23 ng/ml per mg/kg respectively. The mean (±S.E.M.) cord: maternal plasma concentration ratio was 0.741±0.036 (n = 40). The ratio was significantly correlated with the dose‐delivery interval, r = 0.42, p>0.01.The pethidine concentration in cord and in neonatal capillary plasma was significantly correlated to the weight related dose, r = 0.25 to 0.48, p=0.01.Cord venous levels of pethidine rose rapidly after drug administration but neonatal capillary levels increased slowly to reach peak levels at 2 to 5 h before declining over the next 15 to 18 h.The maternal plasma pethidine half‐life, 5.59 h was considerably shorter than that observed in the newborn, 15.94 h.
Lethal Fetal Renal Malignant Tumor
Authors: Heimer Gun , Victor Arne 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. A peak in the occurrence of cancer early in life strongly suggests that the neoplasm has its origins during intra‐uterine development (4). Nevertheless, malignant tumors that cause death to the fetus prena‐tally seem to be very rare.The present case describes a female fetus stillborn at 24 weeks of gestation with a fast‐growing malignant tumor in the right kidney. On reviewing the literature we have not been able to find a similar case.
Pregnancy‐Specific β1Glycoprotein, SP1 in Maternal Serum During Uncomplicated Single Pregnancies
Authors: Tamsen L. , Inganäs M. , Johansson S. G. O. , Kjessler B. , von Schoultz B. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Pregnancy‐specific β1‐glycoprotein (SP1) levels in uncomplicated single pregnancies were measured by radio‐immunoassay from the time of ovulation until the 8th week of pregnancy in 129 blood samples from 78 women. SP1 was detectable in all samples examined from 34 days after the last menstrual period (LMP), and thereafter the SP1 level increased rapidly with time and 38 to 40 days after LMP the geometric mean SP1 concentration was 90 μg/l. From pregnancy weeks 8 to 41, SP1 levels were measured by nephelo‐metry in 1 255 blood samples from 1 255 women. A 95% reference range was established using logarithmic transformation. There was a steady increase in the SP1 concentration until the last month of pregnancy, in which a tendency to level off was seen, the geometric mean levels ranging from 149 to 170 mg/1. The day‐to‐day variation was studied during 5 consecutive days in 10 women. No significant variation was found. The diurnal variation was studied in blood samples taken every 4th hour during a 24‐hour period form 10 women. A significant decrease was found at midnight and at 4 a.m. The elimination rate of SP1 from serum was studied in 10 women following labor. Elimination was non‐linear and the time taken for SP1 to decrease to 50% ranged from 24 to 50 hours.No correlation was found between the concentration of SP1 and parity, maternal age, or the sex of the infant. The SP1 concentration was significantly lower in heavier women (> 70 kg) than in lighter women (≤ 70 kg). In some weeks of late pregnancy the SP1 level showed a correlation to placen‐tal weight and birth weight of the infant.
11C‐Methionine Kinetics in Pregnant Rhesus Monkeys Studied by Positron Emission Tomography: A New Approach to Feto‐Maternal Metabolism
Authors: Berglund Lars , Halldin Christer , Lilja Anders , Lindberg Bo S. , Låndqvist Hans , Långström Bengt , Malmborg Petter , Nägren Kjell , Stälnacke Carl‐GÖRan 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. By use of Positron Emission Tomography (PET), dynamic studies of the metabolism within the fetomaternal unit can be performed using various tracers. Many compounds like amino acids, carbohydrates, fatty acids and drugs can be labelled with 11C and used as tracers.11C‐labelled L‐ or D‐methinonine was injected intravenously into pregnant Rhesus monkeys. The distribution of the radioactivity in maternal muscles, aorta, placenta and the liver of the fetus was quantitively estimated as a function of time. Simultaneously blood, urine and amniotic fluid samples were analysed for 11C‐activity. The distribution of 11C between the high and the low molecular fraction of plasma (MW>5000) was studied after gel filtration.Both when 11C‐L‐ and D‐methionine were given, the radioactivity rapidly crossed the placenta and was accumulated in the fetal liver. In the 11C‐L‐methionine experiments, about 70 per cent of the radioactivity in plasma was found in the high molecular fraction one hour after injection. A greater part of 11C‐D‐compared to 11C‐L‐activity was excreted in the urine.
The Outcome of a Uniform Program for Alpha‐Fetoprotein Screening in Early Pregnancy in Seven Regions in Sweden
Authors: Schnittger Agneta , Kjessler Berndt 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. In 1979—1980 a multicenter study on serum alpha‐fetoprotein (S‐AFP) screening for detection of fetal neural‐tube and abdominal wall defects (NTD/AWD) was carried out in seven different regions in Sweden. A total of 22991 pregnant women, attending 84 public antenatal clinics, were offered an AFP test between their 15th and 18th completed gestational weeks. The average participation rate was 80.8%. The AFP assays were performed by five hospital laboratories, using the same commercially available assay method. In 19704 women screened, all with known pregnancy outcome, 17/22 fetuses affected by open NTD and 6/8 fetuses having AWD, gave S‐AFP levels exceeding 2 MOM. One placental haemangioma was recognized. Controlsampling was undertaken in 10.5% of the women. Amniocentesis was performed in 1.1% of all women screened with no false negative test results. However, three apparently normal fetuses were aborted at the parents request due to AFP levels in amniotic fluid exceeding 3 MoM.Thus, AFP screening in women at low risk enables detection of 3/4 of fetuses affected by NTD/AWD. A program with higher efficiency would be obtained by more accurate gestational dating by ultrasonography, by complementary diagnostic methods such as neurospecific acetylcholinesterase in amniotic fluid, by a reduction of the work‐load by shifting the action limit to 3 MOM and by continous appropriate training of the medical staff.
Regional Variations in Test Results Obtained Within a Uniform Program for Alpha‐Fetoprotein Screening in Early Pregnancy
Authors: Schnittger Agneta 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Alpha‐fetoprotein screening in large scale use implies certain practical consequences in obstetric practice as e.g. performance of a number of control assays in maternal serum (MS‐AFP), amniocentesis and ultrasonic examinations. Considerable regional differences were observed in the incidences of control assays (5.0‐10.5 per cent) and amniocenteses (0.2‐1.9) per cent when a “uniform” AFP‐screening program was run in seven scattered hospital regions in Sweden. The AFP assays were routinely performed by five hospital laboratories using the same commercially available assay method (Phadebas AFP PRIST). A total of 18030 singleton pregnant women were analyzed in their 15th to 17th gestational week.No significant differences were found between the regional distributions of MS‐AFP levels. By pooling the results, generally valid median (MS‐AFP) values, using this assay method, were determined for each relevant gestational week.The individual AFP‐test results were expressed in multiples of the normal median value (MOM) for singleton pregnancies of the same gestational age. There were no significant differences observed between the regional distributions of test results expressed in MOM‐values either.Thus, the variations in regional incidences of diagnostic follow‐up procedures found in the present study seemed to depend on the local obstetricians personal attitude and experience. The efficiency of the general screening program may well be significantly improved by employment of a more strictly standardized protocol for diagnostic follow‐up procedures.
LASER VAPORIZATION OF CERVICAL INTRA‐EPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA
Authors: Rylander Eva , Lsberg Assar , Joelsson Ingemar 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. 300 patients, 18–43 years of age, with CIN I‐III were treated between 1979 and 1983 with laser vaporization. The follow‐up for 12–60 months has been analysed. The healing rate after one treatment session was 91%. Residual disease was discovered without delay using colposcopy and vaginal cytology and retreatment could easily be arranged.Eight cases of recurrent disease (out of 137 patients followed for 19–60 months) were diagnosed using the following criteria: cytological and/or histological evidence for atypia/dysplasia after a period of minimum 18 months during which time two or more examinations with negative cytology had been performed.Laser vaporization is a sufficiently safe method for the treatment of CIN I–III. It can be performed as an outpatient procedure. Early as well as late complications are rare.Both residual disease and recurrences can be detected without delay using colposcopy and vaginal cytology as diagnostic tools.
Causes and Consequences of Maternal and Fetal Sympathoadrenal Activation During Parturition
Authors: Irestedt Lars , Lagercrantz Hugo , Belfrage Patrick 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The sympathoadrenal system is activated in both the mother and fetus during parturition. The fetal plasma catecholamines may reach extremely high levels during deliveries complicated by asphyxia.Increased maternal sympathoadrenal activity during labour or caesarean section may negatively affect utero‐placental blood flow with possible adverse effects on the fetus. Such an increase may be avoided by adequate maternal pain relief and by the sympathetic blockade which follows epidural anaesthesia.Fetal sympathoadrenal activation during parturition seems on the contrary to be of positive functional importance both for fetal circulatory regulation in utero a well as for the neonatal adaptation in terms of pulmonary function and metabolic stimulation.
HISTOMETRY OF THE PLACENTAL STRUCTURES INVOLVED IN THE RESPIRATORY INTERCHANGE
Authors: Cabezón C. , De la Fuente F. , Jurado M. , López G. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Employing a stereometric technique, we determined the following parameters in six normal term placentae: respiratory area (total surface area of vasculo‐syncytial membranes); total villous surface area; proportion of respiratory area (percentage fraction of villous surface that corresponds to the respiratory area). The value of each of these parameters was studied in each placental sample, as well as their distribution in the different placental zones, considered according to their distance from the placental rim. All parameters were distributed heterogeneously throughout the peripheral, intermediate and central zones of the placentae studied.The same parameters were also measured along the full thickness of the placenta, considering subchorial, middle and basal levels. All parameters were homogeneously distributed along the thickness of the placenta. We discuss the functional implications of our findings.Villous surface area values ranged from 8.6 to 13.3 m2 (mean = 10.9 m2). Respiratory areas ranged from 0.97 to 2.43 m2 (mean = 1.57 m2). Between 1:10 and 1:5 of the villous surface area corresponded to the respiratory area.
ON THE ROLE OF ESTRADIOL AND PROGESTERONE IN PARTURITION
Authors: Batra Satish 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Ever since Csapo (1) presented his progesterone block theory the plasma concentration of progesterone and estradiol has been rigorously studied by a series of investigators. Although some experimental evidence in animals supports this hypothesis, the results of studies in man do not (2, 3, 4). On the other hand it is more reasonable to think that the biological activity of the hormones will be governed by the concentrations in the tissue. Recent data from studies in man, rabbit and guinea‐pig in this laboratory clearly showed that plasma concentrations of estradiol and progesterone were poorly reflected in the myometrium (see 5 for reference). Another interesting feature that was revealed by this comparative analysis was that during pregnancy the concentration of progesterone in the human myometrium was 50 to 100 times greater than that in the guinea‐pig myometrium in spite of similar concentrations in the plasma in the two species (5). These observations led us to read‐dress the question of the role of progesterone in the maintenance of pregnancy.On the basis of extensive data obtained in the past few years mainly in this laboratory (see 5, 6, 7), I propose that the major function of progesterone in pregnancy is to lower estradiol concentration in the myometrium, leading to a higher progesterone/estradiol (P/E2) ratio which in turn is required for the maintenance of pregnancy. The regulation or rather the lowering of estradiol concentration in the myometrium by progesterone is probably achieved by an inhibitory action of progesterone on estrogen receptor synthesis (7, 8, 9). In the guinea‐pig and also to a great extent in the rabbit, uterine estradiol during pregnancy is low due to a low estradiol concentration in the plasma (5). The need for inhibition of estradiol receptor synthesis in these species in contrast to man therefore does not arise. It may not seem surprising then that almost all of the plasma progesterone in the pregnant guinea‐pig is prevented from entering the uterus by virtue of its complete binding to the progesterone‐binding globulin (5). This may in fact be an added but important function of progesterone‐binding globulin which to my knowledge is found specifically in the pregnant guinea‐pig circulation (5).
Commissurotomy and pregnancy: A study of 245 cases
Authors: Matorras R. , Reque J. A. , Minguez J. A. , Usandizaga J. A. , Pedroviejo G. , Perera S. , Larrea J. L. , Núñez L. 
Published: December 2009

We present a retrospective study of 245 pregnancies in 157 women who had undergone commissurotomy (closed surgery) and whose delivery was assisted at the Maternity La Paz (Madrid, Spain) between 1965 and 1981. There was a statistically significant increase in the rate of fetal complications (perinatal mortality, 44.3 per 1000; preterm 8.5%; intra‐uterine growth retardation, 17.3%; low weight, 12.5%) and maternal mortality.The most frequent and severe maternal complication was congestive heart failure which was more common among primigravidas and was of statistical significance. In patients with atrial fibrillation or heart failure during pregnancy or puerperium, the results were even more remarkable. There were no complications in patients who underwent commissurotomy during pregnancy. Preterm delivery was three times more common in patients undergoing digitalis therapy.
The Regulation of Menstrual Cycle and its Relationship to the Moon
Authors: Law Sung Ping 
Published: December 2009

A synchronous relationship between the menstrual cycle and lunar rhythm was confirmed by1. Investigative data: Among the 826 female volunteers with a normal menstrual cycle, aged between 16 and 25 years, a large proportion of menstruations occurred around the new moon (28.3%), while at other times during the lunar month the proportion of menstruations occurring ranged between 8.5–12.6%; the difference was significant (p<0.01).2. Laboratory findings: The 6‐hydroxymelatonin levels in the urina sanguinis of 3 female volunteers reached their zenith prior to and during menstruation, gradually declining to their nadir during ovulation. The difference in 6‐hydroxymelatonin between menstruation and ovulation was significant (p<0.01). Two of these three volunteers had their zenith in the period of the new moon and nadir 3—4 days prior to the full moon respectively.3. Clinical experience: The lunar‐menses‐regulatory therapy in treatment of Nephropenic secondary amenorrhea revealed 4 clinical cure, 5 marked effect, 8 menogogue and 3 inef‐fect out of 20 cases.
The Evolution of Oral Contraceptives: Maximizing Efficacy, Minimizing Risks
Authors: Hedon Bernard 
Published: December 2009

No single pharmacologic agent has been more widely studied than the oral contraceptive (OC). Scientific efforts have been directed primarily toward maximizing the benefits of OCs—which remain the most effective, reversible form of birth control—while minimizing their potential risks, specifically thromboembolic disorders and cardiovascular disease.Decreases in the dose of estrogen from the 100 μg—150 μg levels of the 1960s to the 30 μg—50 μg formulations of today have been accompanied by dramatic reductions in the risk of thromboembolic events. In healthy women not predisposed to these conditions, the risk of thromboembolism is now considered very small. Similar reductions in the doses of progestin have also resulted in decreases in the incidence of stroke and myocardial infarction.Evidence suggests that not only dose but androgenic activity of a progestin may negatively impact on risk of cardiovascular disease. Thus development of OCs containing a progestin with the least potential for androgenically mediated side effects appears to be advisable.
Prevention of Cardiovascular Risk in Women: A New Concern for the Obstetrician/Gynecologist
Authors: Kafrissen Michael Edwin 
Published: December 2009

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in American women, accounting for nearly half a million deaths annually. While most of these women are postmenopausal, data from the Bogalusa Heart Study have shown that fatty streak formation begins early in life, perhaps even in childhood. Successful risk intervention is best initiated early in the process, before the clinical manifestations of disease become apparent.Several major risk factors for cardiovascular disease—elevated cholesterol, elevated blood pressure, and cigarette smoking—are amenable to intervention. The critical role of cholesterol in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, and the impact of even small fluctuations of important subfractions on CV risk have been demonstrated in numerous epidemiologic and clinical studies.A sensitive predictor of cardiovascular risk appears to be the high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol fraction, which is considered cardioprotective if elevated and a significant independent risk factor if decreased. Reductions in HDL have been documented following the use of even low‐dose oral contraceptives containing progestins of high androgenic activity. Elevated LDL cholesterol may be an independent risk factor for CV disease in women. Hence, changes in the LDL/HDL ratio may be more sensitive predictors of change in CV risk. Major risk factors for CV disease in women are outlined with specific reference to the effects of oral contraceptives on lipoproteins.