bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LRG1 and SDR16C5 protein expressions differ according to HPV status in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Randén-Brady Reija , Carpén Timo , Hautala Laura C. , Tolvanen Tuomas , Haglund Caj , Joenväärä Sakari , Mattila Petri , Mäkitie Antti , Lehtonen Sanna , Hagström Jaana , Silén Suvi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe increasing incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is primarily due to human papillomavirus, and understanding the tumor biology caused by the virus is crucial. Our goal was to investigate the proteins present in the serum of patients with OPSCC, which were not previously studied in OPSCC tissue. We examined the difference in expression of these proteins between HPV-positive and -negative tumors and their correlation with clinicopathological parameters and patient survival. The study included 157 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples and clinicopathological data. Based on the protein levels in the sera of OPSCC patients, we selected 12 proteins and studied their expression in HPV-negative and HPV-positive OPSCC cell lines. LRG1, SDR16C5, PIP4K2C and MVD proteins were selected for immunohistochemical analysis in HPV-positive and -negative OPSCC tissue samples. These protein´s expression levels were compared with clinicopathological parameters and patient survival to investigate their clinical relevance. LRG1 expression was strong in HPV-negative whereas SDR16C5 expression was strong in HPV-positive tumors. Correlation was observed between LRG1, SDR16C5, and PIP4K2C expression and patient survival. High expression of PIP4K2C was found to be an independent prognostic factor for overall survival and expression correlated with HPV-positive tumor status. The data suggest the possible role of LRG1, SDR16C5 and PIP4K2C in OPSCC biology.
OpenMedLM: prompt engineering can out-perform fine-tuning in medical question-answering with open-source large language models
Authors: Maharjan Jenish , Garikipati Anurag , Singh Navan Preet , Cyrus Leo , Sharma Mayank , Ciobanu Madalina , Barnes Gina , Thapa Rahul , Mao Qingqing , Das Ritankar 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLLMs can accomplish specialized medical knowledge tasks, however, equitable access is hindered by the extensive fine-tuning, specialized medical data requirement, and limited access to proprietary models. Open-source (OS) medical LLMs show performance improvements and provide the transparency and compliance required in healthcare. We present OpenMedLM, a prompting platform delivering state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance for OS LLMs on medical benchmarks. We evaluated OS foundation LLMs (7B-70B) on medical benchmarks (MedQA, MedMCQA, PubMedQA, MMLU medical-subset) and selected Yi34B for developing OpenMedLM. Prompting strategies included zero-shot, few-shot, chain-of-thought, and ensemble/self-consistency voting. OpenMedLM delivered OS SOTA results on three medical LLM benchmarks, surpassing previous best-performing OS models that leveraged costly and extensive fine-tuning. OpenMedLM displays the first results to date demonstrating the ability of OS foundation models to optimize performance, absent specialized fine-tuning. The model achieved 72.6% accuracy on MedQA, outperforming the previous SOTA by 2.4%, and 81.7% accuracy on MMLU medical-subset, establishing itself as the first OS LLM to surpass 80% accuracy on this benchmark. Our results highlight medical-specific emergent properties in OS LLMs not documented elsewhere to date and validate the ability of OS models to accomplish healthcare tasks, highlighting the benefits of prompt engineering to improve performance of accessible LLMs for medical applications.
Free convection in a square wavy porous cavity with partly magnetic field: a numerical investigation
Authors: Mirzaei Amirmohammad , Jalili Bahram , Jalili Payam , Ganji Davood Domiri 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNatural convection in a square porous cavity with a partial magnetic field is investigated in this work. The magnetic field enters a part of the left wall horizontally. The horizontal walls of the cavity are thermally insulated. The wave vertical wall on the right side is at a low temperature, while the left wall is at a high temperature. The Brinkman-Forchheimer-extended Darcy equation of motion is utilized in the construction of the fluid flow model for the porous media. The Finite Element Method (FEM) was used to solve the problem’s governing equations, and the current study was validated by comparing it to earlier research. On streamlines, isotherms, and Nusselt numbers, changes in the partial magnetic field length, Hartmann number, Rayleigh number, Darcy number, and number of wall waves have been examined. This paper will show that the magnetic field negatively impacts heat transmission. This suggests that the magnetic field can control heat transfer and fluid movement. Additionally, it was shown that heat transfer improved when the number of wall waves increased.
A plug-and-play, easy-to-manufacture fluidic accessory to significantly enhance the sensitivity of electrochemical immunoassays
Authors: Dobrea Alexandra , Hall Nicole , Milne Stuart , Corrigan Damion K. , Jimenez Melanie 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEarlier access to patients’ biomarker status could transform disease management. However, gold-standard techniques such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are typically not deployed at the point-of-care due to their cumbersome instrumentation and complexity. Electrochemical immunosensors can be disruptive in this sector with their small size and lower cost but, without further modifications, the performance of these sensors in complex media (e.g., blood) has been limited. This paper presents a low-cost fluidic accessory fabricated using widely accessible materials and processes for boosting sensor sensitivity through confinement of the detection media next to the electrode surface. Liquid confinement first highlighted a spontaneous reaction between the pseudoreference electrode and ELISA detection substrate 3,3’,5,5’-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) that decreases the amount of oxTMB available for detection. Different strategies are investigated to limit this and maximize reliability. Next, flow cell integration during the signal amplification step of sensor preparation was shown to substantially enhance the detection of cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) with the best sensitivity boost recorded for fresh human plasma (x7 increase compared to x5.8 in purified serum and x5.5 in PBS). The flow cell requires no specialized equipment and can be seamlessly integrated with commercial sensors, making an ideal companion for electrochemical signal enhancement.
Urinary stone analysis and clinical characteristics of 496 patients in Taiwan
Authors: Cheng Wan-Yu , Tseng Jen-Shu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEvaluate urinary stone components' epidemiological features in urolithiasis individuals and explore potential correlations between stone components and patients' clinical characteristics. A retrospective analysis of urinary stone compositions in 496 patients from a northern Taiwan medical center (February 2006 to October 2021) was conducted. We investigated associations between sex, age, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), hyperlipidemia (HLP), gout, coronary artery disease (CAD), cerebral vascular accident (CVA), chronic kidney disease (CKD), habits, urine pH, and three main stone groups: calcium oxalate (CaOx), calcium phosphate (CaP), and uric acid (UA). Males accounted for 66.5% of cases, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.99:1. Males were negatively associated with CaP stones (OR 0.313, p < 0.001) and positively with UA stones (OR 2.456, p = 0.009). Age showed a negative correlation with CaOx stones (OR 0.987, p = 0.040) and a positive correlation with UA stones (OR 1.023, p < 0.001). DM had a protective effect against CaP stones (OR 0.316, p = 0.004). Gout had a positive association with UA stones (OR 2.085, p = 0.035). Smoking was adversely associated with UA stones (OR 0.350, p = 0.018). Higher urine pH was a risk factor for CaP stones (OR 1.641, p = 0.001) and a protective factor against UA stones (OR 0.296, p < 0.001). These results may provide insights into the pathogenesis of urinary stones and the development of preventative strategies for high-risk populations. Further research is required to confirm and expand upon these findings.
Long-term outcomes in patients with primary biliary cholangitis complicated with CREST syndrome
Authors: Abe Kazumichi , Hayashi Manabu , Sugaya Tatsuro , Abe Naoto , Takahata Yosuke , Fujita Masashi , Takahashi Atsushi , Migita Kiyoshi , Ohira Hiromasa 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPrimary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is frequently associated with autoimmune disease. Although PBC complicated with CREST syndrome (PBC-CREST) has been reported, the long-term outcomes of the affected patients have not been fully investigated. Herein, the long-term outcomes of PBC-CREST were evaluated. Next, the GLOBE and UK-PBC scores were validated and compared between the PBC alone and PBC-CREST groups. A total of 302 patients who were diagnosed with PBC between December 1990 and August 2021 at Fukushima Medical University Hospital were included. The liver transplantation (LT)-free survival rates were compared between patients with PBC alone (n = 245) and those with PBC-CREST (n = 57). Moreover, 173 patients, excluding those with liver-related death/LT within 1 year after ursodeoxycholic acid administration, were divided into two subgroups (PBC alone (n = 147) and PBC-CREST (n = 26)), and the GLOBE and UK-PBC scores were compared between the subgroups. The survival rates without LT (3/5/10 years) were 92/87/80% for the PBC-alone group and 98/96/96% for the PBC-CREST group, with a significantly better prognosis in the PBC-CREST group (log-rank P = 0.0172). Multivariate analysis revealed that the presence of CREST syndrome is an independent protective factor for the presence of cirrhosis. The predicted 5/10/15-year risks of liver-related death or LT based on the UK-PBC score were significantly lower in the PBC-CREST group (2.4/7.6/13.2%) than in the PBC-alone group (4.8/11.8/18.8%) (P < 0.05). The predicted 3/5-year LT-free survival rates based on the GLOBE score were significantly higher in the PBC-CREST group (93/88%) than in the PBC-alone group (88/81%) (P < 0.05). Patients with PBC-CREST may have better long-term outcomes than those with PBC alone.
A novel semi-quadratic buck-boost structures with continuous input current for PV application
Authors: Okati Mustafa , Eslami Mahdiyeh , Khan Baseem 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper recommends new design for non-isolated semi-quadratic buck/boost converter with two similar structure that includes the following features: (a) the continuous input current has made it reasonable for PV solar applications and reduced the value of the capacitors in the input filter reducing the input ripple as well as EMI problems; (b) the topology is simple, and consists of a few numbers of components; (c) the semiconductor-based components have lower current/voltage stresses in comparison with the recently recommended designs; (d) semi-quadratic voltage gain is D (2 − D) / (1 − D)2; (e) 94.6 percent from the theoretical relations and 91.8 percent from the experimental for the output power of 72W, the duty of 54.2 percent, and output voltage of 72 V are the efficiency values in boost mode; (f) 89.3 percent from the theoretical relations and 87.2 percent from the experimental for the output power of 15W, the duty of 25.8 percent, and output voltage of 15 V are the efficiency values in buck mode. One structure is the continuous output current and negative output polarity, and other structure is positive output polarity. The recommended topologies have been studied in both ideal and non-ideal modes. The continuous current mode (CCM) is the suggested mode for the proposed converters. Moreover, the requirements of CCM have been discussed. The various kinds of comparisons have been held for voltage gain, efficiency, and structural details, and the advantages of the suggested design have been presented. A small-signal analysis has been completed, and the suitable compensator has been planned. Finally, PLECS simulation results have been associated with the design considerations.
Landslide type inference based on statistical analysis of a high-resolution digital elevation model in Gorce National Park, Poland
Authors: Szczepanek Robert , Szczęch Mateusz , Kania Maciej 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHigh-resolution digital elevation models are commonly utilized for detecting and classifying landslides. In this study, we aim to refine landslide detection and classification by analyzing the geometry of landslides using slope and aspect, coupled with descriptive statistics up to the fourth central moment (kurtosis). Employing the Monte Carlo method for creating terrain topography probability distributions and ANOVA tests for statistical validation, we analyzed 364 landslides in Gorce National Park, Poland, revealing significant kurtosis differences across landslide types and lithologies. This methodology offers a novel approach to landslide classification based on surface geometry, with implications for enhancing scientific research and improving landslide risk management strategies.
Mandatory large-scale food fortification programmes can reduce the estimated prevalence of inadequate zinc intake by up to 50% globally
Authors: Wessells K. Ryan , Manger Mari S. , Tsang Becky L. , Brown Kenneth H. , McDonald Christine M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLarge-scale food fortification (LSFF) can increase dietary micronutrient intake and improve micronutrient status. Here we used food balance sheet data from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations to estimate current country-specific prevalences of inadequate zinc intake. We assessed the potential effects of improving existing LSFF programmes for cereal grains or implementing new programmes in 40 countries where zinc deficiency is a potential public health problem. Accounting for LSFF programmes as currently implemented, 15% of the global population (1.13 billion individuals) is estimated to have inadequate zinc intake. In countries where zinc deficiency is a potential public health problem, the implementation of high-quality mandatory LSFF programmes that include zinc as a fortificant would substantially increase the availability of zinc in the national food supply, reducing the estimated prevalence of inadequate zinc intake by up to 50% globally. Investments in strong LSFF programmes could have a substantial impact on population zinc status.
Skeletal muscle immobilisation-induced atrophy: mechanistic insights from human studies
Authors: Deane Colleen S. , Piasecki Matthew , Atherton Philip J. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Periods of skeletal muscle disuse lead to rapid declines in muscle mass (atrophy), which is fundamentally underpinned by an imbalance between muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and muscle protein breakdown (MPB). The complex interplay of molecular mechanisms contributing to the altered regulation of muscle protein balance during disuse have been investigated but rarely synthesised in the context of humans. This narrative review discusses human models of muscle disuse and the ensuing inversely exponential rate of muscle atrophy. The molecular processes contributing to altered protein balance are explored, with a particular focus on growth and breakdown signalling pathways, mitochondrial adaptations and neuromuscular dysfunction. Finally, key research gaps within the disuse atrophy literature are highlighted providing future avenues to enhance our mechanistic understanding of human disuse atrophy.
Reinforcement learning‐based finite‐time cross‐media tracking control for a cross‐media vehicle under unknown dynamics and disturbances
Authors: Wu Shichong , Xie Lingli , Xian Jun , Liao Fei , Wu Wenhua , Lu Mingqing , Yi Xian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study proposes a reinforcement learning‐based finite‐time cross‐media tracking control approach for a slender body cross‐media vehicle encountering unknown hydrodynamics, wind, and wave disturbances. Initially, a reinforcement learning framework consisting of the actor neural network and critic neural network is constructed. The critic neural network monitors the actions of the actor neural network and approximates the cost function, while the actor neural network estimates the unknown hydrodynamics and disturbances, minimising the cost function to optimise performance. Subsequently, the command filter featuring finite‐time convergence is formulated, effectively managing the corresponding filter error through a proposed error compensating signal. By integrating these techniques, a reinforcement learning‐based finite‐time control strategy is developed, circumventing the singularity issue inherent in traditional finite‐time backstepping strategies. Comparative analysis with existing methods demonstrates the strong robustness of the proposed scheme against unknown hydrodynamics and disturbances, ensuring finite‐time convergence of the system's states and optimising controller performance. Finally, simulations confirm the effectiveness and superiority of the presented approach.
Data selection and collection for constructing investor sentiment from social media
Authors: Liu Qing , Son Hosung 
Published: June 2024

AbstractResearch based on investor sentiment in social media has been a hot topic of research in behavioral finance, and the reliability of investor sentiment mined from social media is a potential condition for the reliability of the results of these studies. In the past, scholars have often focused on using more reliable tools to track investor sentiment in order to get more reliable investor sentiment. However, less attention has been paid to another key factor affecting the reliability of investor sentiment on social media: the selection and collection of data. In this study, we systematically investigate the process of data selection and collection in relation to the construction of investor sentiment on social media. Our findings suggest that the process of creating a dataset from social media is a process that starts and ends with a research question. In this process, we need to overcome various obstacles to end up with an imperfect dataset. The researchers must take a series of steps to get close to the best dataset and acknowledge some of the shortcomings and limitations. We emphasize that the absence of accepted, reliable standards makes it particularly important to follow basic principles. This study is an important reference for social media-based behavioral finance research.
The effect of pressure and reflux ratio on the spinning band distillation process on the purity of myristicin isolate from the terpenless fraction of nutmeg oil
Authors: Alawiah S F , Rusli M S , Raharja S 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Nutmeg oil contains myristicin, which functions as an antioxidant and antiaging in cosmetic products by inhibiting the activity of the collagenase enzyme. Isolation of myristicin compounds from the terpeneless fraction is a strategy to increase the purity of myristicin isolates effectively and efficiently. This research aims to identify the purity of the myristicin compound from the terpenless fraction of nutmeg oil and the yield based on different pressure and reflux ratio variables. Fractionation was carried out using the spinning band distillation method at pressures of 10 and 15 mmHg, with reflux ratios of 3:1 and 5:1. The fraction cutting temperature is regulated based on the boiling point of the compound starting from an open cut temperature of 172 °C to a close cut temperature of 300 °C. Parameters analyzed: The physicochemical properties of the material are specific gravity, refractive index, solubility in 96% ethanol, myristicin content, and yield. Research shows that the pressure and reflux ratio are not significant to the purity of myristicin, caused by the range of pressure and reflux ratio values being too close, but can increase the purity of myristicin compounds from initial levels of 51.25% to 83.23%. Thus, spinning band fractional distillation is able to be used as a tool for purifying the myristicin compound in the terpenless fraction of nutmeg oil.
Review: Natural Fibres for Textile Application
Authors: Haidir Fery , Fahma Farah , Firmanda Afrinal , Purnawati Rini , Suryanegara Lisman , MacMillan Colleen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTextile industries have a central role in human health, well-being, and the global economy. Sustainable development has become a necessity in this sector by utilizing natural, renewable, and biodegradable raw materials such as kenaf, ramie, pineapple fibres, wool, cotton, and other natural fibres. Science and technology expanding option for sustainable fibre-use in the textile industry due to source-scarcity of raw materials, environmental impact concerns, and market demands. This review discusses various aspects related to natural fibres, and their applications in addition to cotton, which is the most applied natural fibres for the textile industry. Key characteristics of natural fibres include physical, mechanical, and surface properties. These properties vary and are influenced by the chemical composition of the fibres and environmental conditions in growth and production. For plant-based fibres how the fibres are extracted from the plant, and from which vegetative or reproductive structures they are extracted, can affect the ultimate fibre quality and uses of the fibres. Similarly, there are a range of processing methods that affect the final quality and utility of the fibres and application in industry.
Investigation of Conceptual Supply Chain Design Process of Sustainable Shisha Briquette Production System
Authors: Solihin  , Hambali Erliza , Hardjomidjojo Hartrisari 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Coconut charcoal briquette products have considerable export market potential in foreign countries. One of the product variants of coconut shell briquettes is shisha briquettes. This research aims to investigate the conceptual design of a sustainable supply chain by identifying key stakeholders and understanding the role of each stakeholder and the underlying processes that affect sustainability. The initial step of this research is to conduct an entity system requirements analysis using a use-case diagram to identify key stakeholders. The next step is to identify critical processes using BPMN 2.0 in accordance with established sustainability requirements. Based on the results of the requirements analysis through the entity system and use case diagram, five stakeholders were identified: industry, coconut shell farmers, end consumers, training institutions, and sustainability assessment institutions. According to the results of the business model analysis using BPMN 2.0 with the Indonesian Bioenergy Sustainability Indicator (IBSI), there are three main activities in the raw material procurement process: the selection of coconut shell farmers, facilities owned by farmers, and farmer skills training. Meanwhile, in terms of the production system, there are three main activities, namely production planning, production implementation, and labor training.