bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening for distress, the sixth vital sign: examining self‐referral in people with cancer over a one‐year period
Authors: Waller Amy , Williams Andrea , Groff Shannon L. , Bultz Barry D. , Carlson Linda E. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurposeAlthough research has indicated a diagnosis of cancer is most often distressing for patients and their families, few studies have examined which patients access resources to manage distress or how distress levels affect resource utilization. This study explored psychosocial and supportive care resource utilization in a large cancer population at a Canadian tertiary cancer centre over a 12‐month period in a usual care setting.MethodsPatients who were new to the Tom Baker Cancer Centre completed the Distress Thermometer, the Pain and Fatigue Thermometers, the Psychological Screen for Cancer (Part C) that measures anxiety and depression, self‐report questions on resources accessed and a demographic form at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months. No feedback or specific triage to services was provided in order to observe usual care practices.ResultsA total of 714 patients provided baseline data with 505 retained at 12 months. Twenty‐four percent indicated they accessed at least one service (e.g. individual counselling, nutritionist or resource social worker) over the 12 months. Patients who were older, less educated and with lower income were less likely to access services. People who reported higher symptom burden were more likely to access services at each time point.ConclusionsOverall levels of access of psychosocial services were relatively low in this population and varied by socio‐demographic variables and symptom burden. Routine monitoring of psychosocial, practical and physical concerns is a potential strategy for targeting individuals who may require additional information or support in accessing available services to manage their concerns. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigating the assumption of homogeneity of treatment effects in clinical studies with application to meta‐analysis
Authors: Julious Steven A. , Whitehead Anne 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAn important part of the evaluation of a therapy is an investigation of the assumption of homogeneity of its effect across pre‐defined subpopulations. In this paper we describe simple graphical presentations that could be used to assess the homogeneity of treatment effect and identify outliers. The emphasis in the paper is on meta‐analysis but the methods described can be generalized to other investigations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal linear estimation for continuous stochastic systems with random observation delays
Authors: Han Chunyan , Zhang Huanshui , Feng Gang 
Published: December 2011

SUMMARYThis paper is concerned with the linear minimum mean square error estimation for Itô‐type differential equation systems with random delays, where the delay process is modeled as a finite‐state Markov chain. By first introducing a set of equivalent delay‐free observations and then defining two reorganized Markov chains, the estimation problem of random delayed systems is reduced to the one of delay‐free Markov jump linear systems. The estimator is derived by using the innovation analysis method based on the Itô differential formula. And the analytical solution to this estimator is given in terms of two Riccati differential equations that are of finite dimensions. Conditions for existence, uniqueness, and stability of the steady‐state optimal estimator are studied for time‐invariant cases. In this case, the obtained estimator is very easy to implement, and all calculation can be performed off line, leading to a linear time‐invariant estimator. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neue Bemessungshilfen für das Biegedrillknicken von Trägern aus Walzprofilen
Authors: Kindmann Rolf , Käsmaier Manfred 
Published: December 2011

AbstractFür Nachweise nach DIN EN 1993‐1‐1 [1] zum Biegedrillknicken von Trägern aus Walzprofilen werden Bemessungshilfen angegeben. Damit können die Berechnungen und Nachweise erheblich vereinfacht und abgekürzt werden.New design aids for lateral torsional buckling of beams of rolled profiles. For the verification of lateral torsional buckling of beams of rolled profiles under uniaxial bending according to DIN EN 1993‐1‐1 [1] design aids are presented. Using these, calculations and verifications are simplified and shortened significantly.
Zum Einsatz von Betondübeln im Verbundbau (Teil 1) – Ruhende Beanspruchung
Authors: Mangerig Ingbert , Wagner Robert , Burger Sascha , Wurzer Otto , Zapfe Cedrik 
Published: December 2011

AbstractUmfangreiche Forschungsaktivitäten zu alternativen Verdübelungssystemen haben in den zurückliegenden Jahren gezeigt, dass Betondübel eine wirtschaftliche und mechanisch geeignete Variante zur Schubsicherung ermöglichen. Bei diesem Verbundsystem entsteht die Verdübelung bei der Herstellung der Betontragkomponente, indem in das Stahlprofil eingebrachte Aussparungen von unterschiedlicher geometrischer Gestalt mit Bewehrung versehen und einbetoniert werden. Auf der Grundlage einer Vielzahl ausgewerteter Versuche konnte ein statistisch abgesichertes Bemessungskonzept erarbeitet werden, das auf das gesamte Spektrum getesteter Dübelformen anzuwenden ist. Zur Steigerung der Wirtschaftlichkeit einer Verbundsicherung durch Betondübel wurden Aussparungsgeometrien dahingehend weiterentwickelt, dass Brennschnittführungen mit dem Focus auf minimalen Verschnitt im Vordergrund standen. Neben Blechtafeln können auf diese Weise auch Walzträger in zwei gleichwertige, obergurtlose Stahlprofile mit Aussparungen im Stegbereich getrennt werden. Die vorliegenden Berechnungskonzepte wurden ausnahmslos halbempirisch aufgestellt. Obwohl für vorwiegend ruhend beanspruchte Bauteile eine Verbundsicherung mit Betondübeln auf der Basis einer Vielzahl von Versuchen möglich ist, erfordern neue Dübelformen trotzdem absichernde Versuche.The application of concrete dowels in composite constructions (Part 1) – Statical loading. Extensive research activities during last years proved concrete dowels as mechanical and economical reasonable alternative solution for shear connections of composite members. Concrete dowels are produced through recesses of various geometries and topologies in webs or flanges of steel profiles, filled with reinforcement and places in concrete chords. A design concept could be developed based on numerous laboratory tests applicable in a range of tested and statistically evaluated dowel sizes and shapes. Supplemental research projects have been established for economical reasons in order to consider optimized dowel shapes supporting automatic laser cut methods that divide standard steel profiles into two profiles without upper flange including concrete dowels in web plates within only one process. Extended design procedures for such specific dowel topologies require further experimental verification.
Seismic design of special moment‐resisting steel frame with prevention of soft‐storey mechanism failure
Authors: Alinouri Hossein , Danesh Fakhroddin Ahmadi , Khazaee Hamideh 
Published: December 2011

SUMMARYMost structures with masonry infills that are continuous along their height, which are interrupted in the lowest storey, are damaged by earthquakes. These structures are anticipated to collapse due to the undesirable soft‐storey mechanism formed by lateral stiffness of masonry infills in other storeys. The seismic design criteria of UBC97 code for special moment‐resisting steel frame (SMRSF) are reviewed. In this paper, a new criterion for seismic design of such structures is presented. The proposed criteria are used to design three SMRSFs: 5, 8 and 15 storeys. Nonlinear time‐history dynamic analyses are applied for the designed SMRSFs based on the proposed criteria. Displacements and storey drifts, which are obtained by the proposed method, are compared with nonlinear time‐history dynamic analysis results, finally. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using Systems of Care to Reduce Incarceration of Youth with Serious Mental Illness
Authors: Erickson Chris D. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractYouth with serious mental illness come into contact with juvenile justice more than 3 times as often as other youth, obliging communities to expend substantial resources on adjudicating and incarcerating many who, with proper treatment, could remain in the community for a fraction of the cost. Incarceration is relatively ineffective at remediating behaviors associated with untreated serious mental illness and may worsen some youths’ symptoms and long‐term prognoses. Systems of care represent a useful model for creating systems change to reduce incarceration of these youth. This paper identifies the systemic factors that contribute to the inappropriate incarceration of youth with serious mental illness, including those who have committed non‐violent offenses or were detained due to lack of available treatment. It describes the progress of on‐going efforts to address this problem including wraparound and diversion programs and others utilizing elements of systems of care. The utility of systems of care principles for increasing access to community‐based mental health care for youth with serious mental illness is illustrated and a number of recommendations for developing collaborations with juvenile justice to further reduce the inappropriate incarceration of these youth are offered.
Myristic Acid Increases Dihydroceramide Δ4‐Desaturase 1 (DES1) Activity in Cultured Rat Hepatocytes
Authors: Ezanno Hélène , le Bloc’h Jérôme , Beauchamp Erwan , Lagadic‐Gossmann Dominique , Legrand Philippe , Rioux Vincent 
Published: December 2011

AbstractDihydroceramide Δ4‐desaturase 1 (DES1) catalyzes the last step of the de novo ceramide biosynthesis, which consists of the introduction of a trans Δ4‐double bond in the carbon chain of the dihydroceramide. It was previously observed that myristic acid binds DES1 through N‐myristoylation. This N‐terminal modification significantly increased the activity of the recombinant DES1 in COS‐7 cells and targeted part of the enzyme initially present in the endoplasmic reticulum to the mitochondrial outer membrane, leading to an increase in ceramide levels. Since these results were obtained in a recombinant COS‐7 cell model with high expression of rat DES1, the purpose of the present study was to investigate if the native DES1 enzyme was really upregulated by its N‐myristoylation in cultured rat hepatocytes. We first showed that DES1 was the main dihydroceramide desaturase isoform expressed in rat hepatocytes. In this model, the wild‐type myristoylable recombinant form of rat DES1 was found in both the endoplasmic reticulum and the mitochondria whereas the mutated non‐myristoylable recombinant form (N‐terminal glycine replaced by an alanine) was almost exclusively localized in the endoplasmic reticulum, which evidenced the importance of the myristoylation. Then, we showed that compared to other fatty acids, myristic acid was the only one to increase native DES1 activity, in both total cell lysates and mitochondrial fractions. The myristic acid‐associated increase in DES1 activity was not linked to elevated mRNA or protein expression but more likely to its N‐terminal myristoylation. Finally, the myristic acid‐associated increase in DES1 activity slightly enhanced the number of apoptotic cells.
Assessing Asset Indices
Authors: Filmer Deon , Scott Kinnon 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The use of asset indices in welfare analysis and poverty targeting is increasing, especially in cases in which data on expenditures are unavailable or hard to collect. We compare alternative approaches to welfare measurement. Our analysis shows that inferences about inequalities in education, health care use, fertility, and child mortality, as well as labor market outcomes, are quite robust to the economic status measure used. Different measures—most significantly per capita expenditures versus the class of asset indices—do not, however, yield identical household rankings. Two factors stand out in predicting the degree of congruence in rankings. First is the extent to which expenditures can be explained by observed household and community characteristics. Rankings are most similar in settings with small transitory shocks to expenditure or with little random measurement error in expenditure. Second is the extent to which expenditures are dominated by individually consumed goods, such as food. Asset indices are typically derived from indicators of goods that are effectively public at the household level, while expenditures are often dominated by food, an almost exclusively private good. In settings in which individually consumed goods are the main component of expenditures, asset indices and per capita consumption yield the least similar results.
A pilot study of the “Continuation of Care” model in “revolving-door” patients
Authors: Juven-Wetzler A. , Bar-Ziv D. , Cwikel-Hamzany S. , Abudy A. , Peri N. , Zohar J. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose:The efficiency of continuation of care (COC) treatment by inpatient caregivers as compared to treatment administered by outpatient services for “revolving door” psychiatric patients was tested in this study. Number and days of hospitalization were examined.Method:All patients who were hospitalized three times or more during the past 12months were offered continuing follow-up in the ward, by the same staff, instead of being referred to the outpatient department. Information on number and length of hospitalizations before and after initiation of this care model was retrieved from the hospital computerized database.Results:Of the 36 patients meeting the criteria, 35 patients agreed to participate. The number of hospitalizations in the 18months following the index hospitalization was 1.79±3.51 as compared to 4.67±1.79 before the index hospitalization (p = 0.0002), and the number of days of hospitalization 18months after was 24±41.65 as compared to 119.71±69.31 before (p<0.0001).Conclusion:COC via inpatient follow-up significantly reduces the number and length of hospitalizations in “revolving door” psychiatric patients as compared to the traditional system of follow-up in an outpatient clinic.
Premixed flame propagation in a confining vessel with weak pressure rise
Authors: Kelley Andrew P. , Bechtold John K. , Law Chung K. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe propagation of a premixed flame inside of a confining vessel filled with combustible fluid is determined using large-activation-energy asymptotics. The flame structure is analysed assuming that spatial and temporal variations in the transverse direction are weak compared to those in the direction normal to the flame surface. The analysis considers weak pressure rise from confinement and also allows for mixtures that are both near and removed from stoichiometry, non-unity reaction orders, temperature-dependent transport coefficients, and general Lewis numbers. The resulting equations for flame propagation speed are expressed in a coordinate-free form and describe the evolution of an arbitrary shaped flame in a general confining flow. These expressions are specifically applied to the case of a spherical flame propagating inside a spherical chamber. The radius at which the confining vessel influences the flame propagation is determined and the various mechanisms influencing flame behaviour are discussed. The results give rise to a simplified asymptotic relationship that provides an improved equation that may be used to more accurately extrapolate unstretched laminar flame speeds from experimental measurements.
Anniversary Address
Authors: Evans Joan 
Published: December 2011

I must first thank you, very sincerely, for re-electing me as your President; I am just past mid-career of the normal tenure of the office. Still more warmly I thank you for re-electing the officers who make my work possible.I had thought that this might be a quiet year, in which we might sit back and think. It has been anything but that. You will all remember the sudden and unexpected death of Philip Corder, our Assistant Secretary, only a few weeks after our last Anniversary Meeting. He had been our Assistant Secretary since 1943; and, as aide to Mr. Kingsford, then in failing health, had in fact had charge of much of our business for some years before that. He was a distinguished Romano-British archaeologist in his own right—his tenure of the Presidency of the Royal Archaeological Institute is testimony enough—and his long experience as Editor of our publications had given him a wide knowledge in many fields. His geniality and friendliness had made him widely beloved among our Fellows; his training courses had made him revered by the younger generation. We all mourn him. He will not soon be forgotten under this roof.
Institutions and innovation: experimental zoology and the creation of theBritish Journal of Experimental Biologyand the Society for Experimental Biology
Authors: ERLINGSSON STEINDÓR J. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis paper throws light on the development of experimental zoology in Britain by focusing on the establishment of theBritish Journal of Experimental Biology(BJEB) and the Society for Experimental Biology (SEB) in 1923. The key actors in this story were Lancelot T. Hogben, Julian S. Huxley and Francis A.E. Crew, who started exploring the possibility of establishing an experimentally oriented zoological journal in 1922. In order to support theBJEBand further the cause of the experimental approach, Hogben, Crew, Huxley and their colleagues decided to found a society, which led to the formation of the SEB. From its inception the journal was plagued with difficulties that led to the merger of theBJEBand theBiological Proceedingsof the Cambridge Philosophical Society in the autumn of 1925. Also discussed are the views that the leading proponents of experimental zoology in Britain in the 1920s expressed towards morphology and how their views further complicate the already much modified ‘revolt from morphology’ thesis.
Teaching natural history at the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology
Authors: SUNDERLAND MARY E. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractDuring its centennial celebrations in 2008, the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology (MVZ) at the University of California, Berkeley paid homage to its founding director, Joseph Grinnell. Recognized as a leading scientific institution, the MVZ managed to grow throughout the twentieth century, a period often characterized by the decline of natural history. To understand how and why research flourished at the MVZ, this paper looks closely at Grinnell's undergraduate course, the Natural History of the Vertebrates (NHV). Taught by MVZ affiliates since 1914, the NHV offers an important window on Grinnell's approach and legacy. This paper argues that the NHV contributed to the MVZ's long-term success by acting as, first, a gateway to natural history; second, a vector for the MVZ's research programme; and third, a shared faculty responsibility. Grinnell's significance in the history of science is understated, in part because his writing style de-emphasized the importance of his theoretical contributions, including his development of the niche concept, his emphasis on population thinking and geographic isolation in studies of evolution, and his effort to integrate speciation questions and genetics. Studying the NHV highlights these contributions because Grinnell freely communicated his ideas to his students. An analysis of Grinnell's course material shows that his theoretical and methodological approach pre-dated the evolutionary synthesis and inspired natural-history research throughout the past century.
Tracks in the City: Technology, mobility and society in colonial Rangoon and Singapore
Authors: FRASCH TILMAN 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAround the turn of the twentieth century, electric tramways made their appearance in the cities of Asia, but despite being a universal technology, and despite the considerable impact they had upon life in these cities, the history of tramways in Asia has hardly ever been studied. Trams, wherever they ran, mobilized the urban population to a degree unseen before—their track network could restructure the urban topography and re-evaluate its segments, as independent villages became suburbs and residential quarters rose or fell in status, and add to the segregation of workplaces and residential areas. The two cities of Singapore and Rangoon, which have been selected because of their comparability, provide two contrasting examples of how trams functioned and eventually failed in an Asian urban environment.
Out-foxing the red fox: how best to protect the nests of the Endangered loggerhead marine turtleCaretta carettafrom mammalian predation?
Authors: Kurz David J. , Straley Katherine M. , DeGregorio Brett A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractRecovery plans for the Endangered loggerhead marine turtleCaretta carettacite mammalian predation as a major threat, and recommend nest protection efforts, already present at many rookery beaches, to protect eggs and hatchlings. Nest protection techniques vary but wire box cages and plastic mesh screens are two common tools used to deter predation by a host of beach-foraging, opportunistic mammalian predators. We empirically tested the efficacy of wire cages and plastic mesh screens in preventing red foxVulpes vulpespredation on artificial nests. Both techniques averted fox predation (0%), whereas unprotected control nests suffered 33% predation under conditions of normal predator motivation, or a level of motivation stimulated by loggerhead turtle egg scent. However, in side-by-side comparisons under conditions of presumed high predator motivation, 25% of mesh screens were breached whereas no cage-protected nests were successfully predated. In addition to effectiveness at preventing predation, factors such as cost, ease of use, deployment time, and magnetic disturbance were evaluated. Our study suggests that the efficacy of plastic screens and the potential disadvantages associated with galvanized wire should influence selection of mechanical barriers on beaches where fox predation threatens loggerhead nests.
Community attitudes towards the reintroduction programme for the Endangered pepperbark tree Warburgia salutaris: implications for plant conservation in south-east Zimbabwe
Authors: Maroyi A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe pepperbark tree Warburgia salutaris is categorized as Endangered on the IUCN Red List, primarily because of human-induced habitat degradation and over-collection for herbal medicine. Benefits from the reintroduction programme for the species in Tanganda Halt, on the edge of the Mutema Highlands in south-east Zimbabwe, are unequally distributed. This has influenced the attitudes of the local people towards the project and any future plant conservation initiatives. People receiving indirect benefits from the programme expressed positive attitudes towards W. salutaris for cultural, aesthetic and ecological reasons; those receiving direct benefits cited positive impacts on their household welfare. If the reintroduction programme for W. salutaris is to play a part in sustainable development in Tanganda Halt then inequalities in the distribution of benefits need to be addressed. The W. salutaris reintroduction programme is still evolving. Evaluating the attitudes of local people towards the programme provides valuable insights for development planning and for future plant conservation programmes in south-east Zimbabwe.