bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isotopic response, Köbner phenomenon and Renbök phenomenon following herpes zoster
Authors: KROTH Julia , TISCHER Johanna , SAMTLEBEN Walter , WEISS Carolin , RUZICKA Thomas , WOLLENBERG Andreas 
Published: September 2011

AbstractLinear skin diseases may follow Blaschko’s lines, Langer’s relaxed skin tension lines or head zones (dermatomes), thus indicating an embryogenic, hematogenic or neuronal aspect in their pathogenesis. Köbner phenomenon describes the eruption of an inflammatory skin disease following mechanical alteration of the skin. Renbök phenomenon describes an area of non‐involvement in an otherwise generalized skin disease. Wolf’s isotopic response may be understood as a special subtype of Köbner phenomenon, in which one skin disease triggers a second one. Pathogenically unrelated skin diseases may follow a zosteriform distribution, if they are linked to a preceding herpes zoster by Köbner phenomenon, Renbök phenomenon or an isotopic response. We report three instructive patients diagnosed with Wegener’s granulomatosis, cutaneous graft‐versus‐host disease and lichen planus, whose skin manifestations were following or sparing a zosteriform distribution pattern. Köbner phenomenon, Renbök phenomenon or Wolf’s isotopic response may link pathogenically unrelated skin diseases to a zosteriform pattern, which may present diagnostic difficulties even for dermatologists.
Usefulness of ultrasound for selecting a correctly sized uncuffed tracheal tube for paediatric patients
Authors: Bae J. ‐Y. , Byon H. ‐J. , Han S. ‐S. , Kim H. ‐S. , Kim J. ‐T. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to assess whether ultrasonography is useful for determining uncuffed tracheal tube sizes for paediatric patients. The equation for selecting the correctly sized tracheal tube was developed using data on the subglottic diameter measured by ultrasonography and air leak test. The efficacy of the new equation was evaluated by comparing it with the conventional age‐based formula (4 + age/4) in another 100 patients. Tracheal tube sizes were selected using two methods, and air leakage pressure was measured after each intubation. The ultrasonographic method allowed the correct tube size to be selected in 60% of cases, whereas the age‐based method enabled this in 31% of cases (p < 0.001). Ultrasound can offer a useful means of selecting correct tracheal tube size compared with the age‐based formula in paediatric patients. However, even using ultrasound, the success rate of correct tube size selection is still not very high.You can respond to this article at http://www.anaesthesiacorrespondence.com
Chronic N deposition alters root respiration‐tissue N relationship in northern hardwood forests
Authors: Burton Andrew J. , Jarvey Julie C. , Jarvi Mickey P. , Zak Donald R. , Pregitzer Kurt S. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractSpecific root respiration rates typically increase with increasing tissue N concentration. As a result, it is often assumed that external factors inducing greater root N concentration, such as chronic N deposition, will lead to increased respiration rates. However, enhanced N availability also alters root biomass, making the ecosystem‐level consequences on whole‐root‐system respiration uncertain. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of chronic experimental N deposition on root N concentrations, specific respiration rates, and biomass for four northern hardwood forests in Michigan. Three of the six measurement plots at each location have received experimental N deposition (3 g ‐N m−2 yr−1) since 1994. We measured specific root respiration rates and N concentrations of roots from four size classes (<0.5, 0.5–1, 1–2, and 2–10 mm) at three soil depths (0–10, 10–30, and 30–50 cm). Root biomass data for the same size classes and soil depths was used in combination with specific respiration rates to assess the response of whole‐root‐system respiration. Root N and respiration rate were greater for smaller diameter roots and roots at shallow depths. In addition, root N concentrations were significantly greater under chronic N deposition, particularly for larger diameter roots. Specific respiration rates and root biomass were unchanged for all depths and size classes, thus whole‐root‐system respiration was not altered by chronic N deposition. Higher root N concentrations in combination with equivalent specific respiration rates under experimental N deposition resulted in a lower ratio of respiration to tissue N. These results indicate that relationships between root respiration rate and N concentration do not hold if N availability is altered significantly. For these forests, use of the ambient respiration to N relationship would over‐predict actual root system respiration for the chronic N deposition treatment by 50%.
On the limitations of graph‐theoretic connectivity in spatial ecology and conservation
Authors: Moilanen Atte 
Published: September 2011

Summary1. Applications of graph‐theoretic connectivity are increasing at an exponential rate in ecology and conservation. Here, limitations of these measures are summarized.2. Graph‐theoretic connectivity measures are fundamentally limited as they require specification of a habitat quality threshold to allow definition of habitat patches (nodes). Frequently, a second threshold (critical dispersal distance) is applied in the identification of graph edges.3. Graph‐theoretic measures are poorly applicable to large‐scale, high‐resolution, grid‐based data that describe distributions of species in habitats of varying quality.4. Graph‐theoretic connectivity primarily concerns the emigration‐immigration component of spatial population‐dynamics. Therefore, it cannot alone answer questions about the regional population size, resilience or persistence of a focal species.5.
Synthesis and applications: Conservation managers in particular should appreciate these limitations before applying graph‐theoretic analysis to spatial conservation planning.
Breastfeeding experiences of Turkish women
Authors: Demirtas Basak , Ergocmen Banu , Taskin Lale 
Published: September 2011

Aims.  To describe the experiences of Turkish women regarding traditional breastfeeding practices.Background.  Breastfeeding is a popular practice in Turkey. Nevertheless, the rate of exclusive breastfeeding in the first sixmonths of life is quite low. Merely about 16% of infants aged between 2–3 months are exclusively breastfed, whereas those fed with supplementary foods are 78%. In the light of this data, we argue that traditional breastfeeding practices may be the underlying reason for low rate of breastfeeding. Significant as it is, however, this subject matter has largely been overlooked in the literature in Turkey.Design.  A descriptive, qualitative study based on in‐depth interviews, with a purposive sample of 24 mothers of four to‐ 24‐month‐old babies.Methods.  The background information of the mothers was obtained from the Mother and Child Health and Family Planning Centre that offers specific services for mothers. Mothers were visited at home and data were gathered through semistructured and in‐depth, audio‐taped interviews. The collected data were analysed using the content analysis method.Results.  Three themes emerged from the participants’ descriptions of their breastfeeding experiences: (1) influence of the older family members, (2) influence of social learning and (3) influence of the religion.Conclusion.  This study concluded that traditional breastfeeding practices are still prevalent among mothers, regardless of their age and level of education. Breastfeeding behaviour of mothers was mostly shaped by various cultural social and religious influences imposed on them by their family, close social network and religious community.Relevance to clinical practice.  Nurses can encourage mothers for exclusive breastfeeding by means of individual‐ and social‐based training programmes, which they will prepare in view of traditional breastfeeding practices.
Sedimentology of tsunami inflow and backflow deposits: key differences revealed in a modern example
Authors: BAHLBURG HEINRICH , SPISKE MICHAELA 
Published: September 2011

AbstractOnshore tsunami deposits may consist of inflow and backflow deposits. Grain sizes can range from clay to boulders of several metres in diameter. Grain‐size distributions reflect the mode of deposition and may be used to explore the hydrodynamic conditions of transport. The absence of unique sedimentary features identifying tsunami deposits makes it difficult in some cases to distinguish inflow from backflow deposits. On Isla Mocha off central Chile, the 27 February 2010 tsunami left behind inflow and backflow deposits of highly variable character. Tsunami inflow entrained sands, gravels and boulders in the upper shoreface, beach, and along coastal terraces. Boulders of up to 12 t were transported up to 300 m inland and 13 m above sea‐level. Thin veneers of coarse sand were found up to the maximum runup at 600 m inland and 19 m above sea‐level. Backflow re‐mobilized most of the sands and gravels deposited during inflow. The orientation of erosional structures indicates that significant volumes of sediment were entrained also during backflow. A major feature of the backflow deposits are widespread prograding fans of coarse sediment developed downcurrent of terrace steps. Fan sediments are mostly structureless but include cross‐bedding, imbrication and ripples, indicating deposition from bedload traction currents. The sediments are poorly sorted, grain sizes range between medium to coarse sand to gravel and pebbles. An assessment of the backflow transport conditions of this mixed material suggests that bedload transport at Rouse numbers >2·5 was achieved by supercritical flows, whereas deposition occurred when currents had decelerated sufficiently on the low‐gradient lower coastal plain. The sedimentary record of the February 2010 tsunami at Isla Mocha consists of backflow deposits to more than 90%. Due to the lack of sedimentary structures, many previous studies of modern tsunami sediments found that most of the detritus was deposited during inflow. This study demonstrates that an uncritical use of this assumption may lead to erroneous interpretations of palaeotsunami magnitudes and sedimentary processes if unknowingly applied to backflow deposits.
Educational case series: β‐lactam allergy and cross‐reactivity
Authors: Atanasković‐Marković Marina 
Published: September 2011

To cite this article: Atanasković‐Marković M. Educational case series: β‐lactam allergy and cross‐reactivity.Pediatr Allergy Immunol2011:22: 770–775.AbstractPenicillins and cephalosporins are the most widely used antibiotics for the treatment of common infections, and they are the two main classes of β‐lactams. On the basis of the time of appearance of the reaction after drug intake and for diagnostic purposes, hypersensitivity reactions to β‐lactams have been classified as immediate or non‐immediate. The diagnostic evaluation of allergic reactions to β‐lactams has changed over the last decade, for several reasons. In many countries, major and minor determinants for skin testing are not available. In immediate allergic reactions, the sensitivity of skin testing is decreasing. For non‐immediate reactions, skin testing appears to be less sensitive than previously reported. The drug provocation test is still necessary for diagnosis.In this education review series, we described three cases of β‐lactam allergy: first, a child with an IgE‐mediated allergy to benzyl‐penicillin; second, a child with a non‐allergic hypersensitivity to amoxicillin; and in the third patient, we will discuss about cross‐reactivity between penicillins and cephalosporins. These cases are correlated with the practical management of evaluating β‐lactam allergy.
Safety in pediatric regional anesthesia
Authors: Ecoffey Claude 
Published: September 2011

SummaryThe use of regional anesthesia is increasingly common in pediatric practice. This review reports the complications and risks in pediatric regional anesthesia. Few large studies reported incidence of complications. However, the different studies have shown that regional anesthesia, when performed properly, carried a very low risk of morbidity in appropriately selected infants and children. In addition, the use of ultrasound‐guided peripheral nerve blockade has shown some promise toward increasing the safety profile of these already safe techniques.
A systematic review on the use of prophylactic mesh during primary stoma formation to prevent parastomal hernia formation
Authors: Shabbir J. , Chaudhary B. N. , Dawson R. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAim  Despite advances in surgical technique, parastomal herniation is common. This systematic review aims to assess the efficacy of prophylactic mesh at primary operation in reducing the incidence of parastomal hernia.Method  Medline, EMBASE and CENTRAL were searched for relevant publications between January 1980 and January 2010. The search strategy included text terms and MESH headings for parastomal hernia, mesh and prevention and/or prophylaxis of hernia. No language restrictions were applied. Bibliographies from the papers requested in full were manually checked. All randomized controlled trials were included regardless of the language of publication. Results were extracted from the papers by two observers independently on a predefined data sheet. Disagreements were resolved by discussion. REVMAN 5 was used for statistical analysis.Results  Of 27 possible studies three randomized controlled trials fulfilled the criteria for systematic review, with a total of 128 patients (mesh 64, no mesh 64). The two study groups were well matched demographically. The incidence of parastomal hernia in the mesh group was 12.5% (8/64) compared with 53% (34/64) in the control group (P < 0.0001). There was no difference in mesh related morbidity in the two groups.Conclusion  Although only three trials with 128 patients fulfilled the criteria for this systematic review, the data suggest that the use of prophylactic prosthetic mesh at the time of primary stoma formation reduces the incidence of parastomal hernia.
Prurigo pigmentosa: a clinicopathologic study of 16 cases
Authors: Oh Y.J. , Lee M.‐H. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackground  Prurigo pigmentosa is a rare inflammatory disease of unknown origin. It is characterized by the sudden onset of pruritic erythematous papules, usually involving the trunk and neck, which coalesce to form reticulated, mottled patches.Methods  We studied 16 patients with prurigo pigmentosa. The patients were selected from those attending the outpatient Department of Dermatology at the Kyung Hee University Hospital from January 2002 to January 2010. All clinical information was retrospectively collected from medical records. The serum concentrations of ketones (acetoacetic acid, 3‐hydroxybutyrate acid [3‐OHBA]) were examined in four patients, and a test for ketone in the urine was performed in 10 patients.Results  The age at the time of diagnosis ranged from 18 to 36 years (mean age: 23.5 years), and the female : male ratio was 14 : 2. Skin lesions were almost always characterized by recurrent pruritic erythematous papules that had resolved, leaving a peculiar, reticulate hyperpigmentation. Eight of 16 patients showed a chronological relationship between a prurigo pigmentosa appearance of skin lesions and dieting or fasting. Histopathological findings were either of fully developed lesions (4/16) or late lesions (12/16). Most patients responded well to minocycline treatment. Ketosis was observed in six patients.Conclusions  In conclusion, we propose that ketosis was caused by fasting, and that diet may contribute to the pathogenesis of prurigo pigmentosa. Thus, physicians need to warn that excessive fasting can cause prurigo pigmentosa.
Dialysis Cannot be Dosed
Authors: Meyer Timothy W. , Sirich Tammy L. , Hostetter Thomas H. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAdequate dialysis is difficult to define because we have not identified the toxic solutes that contribute most to uremic illness. Dialysis prescriptions therefore cannot be adjusted to control the levels of these solutes. The current solution to this problem is to define an adequate dose of dialysis on the basis of fraction of urea removed from the body. This has provided a practical guide to treatment as the dialysis population has grown over the past 25 years. Indeed, a lower limit to Kt/Vurea (or the related urea reduction ratio) is now established as a quality indicator by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid for chronic hemodialysis patients in the United States. For the present, this urea‐based standard provides a useful tool to avoid grossly inadequate dialysis. Dialysis dosing, however, based on measurement of a single, relatively nontoxic solute can provide only a very limited guide toward improved treatment. Prescriptions which have similar effects on the index solute can have widely different effects on other solutes. The dose concept discourages attempts to increase the removal of such solutes independent of the index solute. The dose concept further assumes that important solutes are produced at a constant rate relative to body size, and discourages attempts to augment dialysis treatment by reducing solute production. Identification of toxic solutes would provide a more rational basis for the prescription of dialysis and ultimately for improved treatment of patients with renal failure.
P‐selectin, E‐selectin, and CD40L over time in chronic hemodialysis patients
Authors: Bossola Maurizio , Rosa Fausto , Tazza Luigi , de Curtis Amalia , Costanzo Simona , Vulpio Carlo , Iacoviello Licia 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe aim of this study was to measure P‐selectin, E‐selectin, and CD‐4L levels over time in chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients. Thirty stable patients with end‐stage renal failure undergoing chronic HD were included in the study. Blood samples were obtained before HD for measurement of P‐selectin, E‐selectin, and CD‐40L. Measurements were performed at month 0 (T0), 3 (T2), 8 (T3), and 13 (T4). The levels of P‐selectin, E‐selectin, and CD40L were also analyzed according to the occurrence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and to CVD‐related mortality. The levels of CD40L and P‐selectin changed significantly over time, decreasing at month 3 and 6 and returning at the T0 levels at month 13. Conversely, E‐selectin levels did not. The levels of CD40L, P‐selectin and E‐selectin over time did not differ significantly between patients with age ≤65 or >65 years, between patients with or without CVD, or between patients who died or who survived during the follow‐up. In end‐stage renal failure patients undergoing chronic HD, CD40L and P‐selectin, but not E‐selectin, showed a transient decrease over time, and the serum levels of these molecules were not associated with CVD or with CVD‐related mortality.
Colonisation of the oral cavity by periodontopathic bacteria in complete denture wearers
Authors: Yasui Masako , Ryu Masahiro , Sakurai Kaoru , Ishihara Kazuyuki 
Published: September 2011

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2011.00506.xColonisation of the oral cavity by periodontopathic bacteria in complete denture wearersObjective:  The purpose of this study was to investigate colonisation by periodontopathic bacteria and the sites of colonisation in elderly upper and lower complete denture wearers. We also investigated the relationship between level of oral hygiene and colonisation by periodontopathic bacteria.Materials and methods:  Forty edentulous and 37 dentate volunteers participated in this study. Samples were collected from whole saliva, and levels of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia and Fusobacterium nucleatum were determined by PCR Invader technology. Detection of these species on oral mucosal and denture surfaces was performed by PCR. Fisher’s exact test was used for the statistical analysis. Cluster analysis was employed to investigate trends in the periodontopathic bacteria flora in each sampling area.Results:  Detection rates of periodontopathic bacteria in whole saliva were lower under edentulous conditions than under dentulous conditions, except for A. actinomycetemcomitans and F. nucleatum (p < 0.01). Detection rate of F. nucleatum was the highest in all areas. A positive correlation was observed between DNA quantification of P. gingivalis and number of Candida species in saliva. Cluster analysis of the test species identified two clusters. Tongue‐coating status was associated with the detection rate of all periodontopathic bacteria investigated, and denture plaque status was associated with the detection rate of T. denticola and F. nucleatum.Conclusion:  Results indicate the presence of periodontopathic bacteria under edentulous conditions and that the status of oral hygiene of the mucosal or denture surfaces affects colonisation by T. denticola and F. nucleatum.
Physical Activity and Cervical Cancer Testing Among American Indian Women
Authors: Muus Kyle J. , Baker‐Demaray Twyla B. , Bogart T. Andy , Duncan Glen E. , Jacobsen Clemma , Buchwald Dedra S. , Henderson Jeffrey A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPurpose: Studies have shown that women who engage in high levels of physical activity have higher rates of cancer screening, including Papanicalaou (Pap) tests. Because American Indian (AI) women are at high risk for cervical cancer morbidity and mortality, we examined Pap screening prevalence and assessed whether physical activity was associated with screening adherence among AI women from 2 culturally distinct regions in the Northern Plains and the Southwest.Methods: A total of 1,979 AI women at least 18 years of age participating in a cross‐sectional cohort study reported whether they received a Pap test within the previous 3 years. Physical activity level was expressed as total metabolic equivalent (MET) scores and grouped into quartiles. We used binary logistic regression to model the association of Pap testing and MET quartile, adjusting for demographic and health factors.Findings: Overall, 60% of women received a Pap test within the previous 3 years. After controlling for covariates, increased physical activity was associated with higher odds of Pap screening (OR = 1.1 per increase in MET quartile; 95% CI = 1.1, 1.2).Conclusions: This is the first study to examine physical activity patterns and receipt of cancer screening in AIs. While recent Pap testing was more common among physically active AI women, prevalence was still quite low in all subgroups. Efforts are needed to increase awareness of the importance of cervical cancer screening among AI women.