bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Improved Synthesis of Ternary Carbonates: The Examples LiLa(CO3)2 and La(CO3)F
Authors: Glaser Jochen , Meyer H.‐Jürgen 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe ternary carbonate LiLa(CO3)2, previously obtained under supercritical CO2 pressure conditions was prepared by a new and efficient way of synthesis. A 2:1 molar mixture of Li2(CO3) and LaCl3 reacted in a silica tube at 400 °C. The crystal structure of LiLa(CO3)2 was refined from X‐ray single‐crystal data and can be related with a caesium chloride type arrangement, where Li+ and La3+ ions occupy the cesium positions and (CO3)2– ions occupy all cubic voids. Cerium‐doped samples (LiLa(CO3)2:Ce) exhibit blue luminescence. The mineral bastnäsite was synthesized by the same preparative approach, departing from a 1:1 molar mixture of LaF3 and Li2(CO3) being reacted at 450 °C.
Concurrent goal-based execution of Constraint Handling Rules
Authors: LAM EDMUND S. L. , SULZMANN MARTIN 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe introduce a systematic, concurrent execution scheme for Constraint Handling Rules (CHR) based on a previously proposed sequential goal-based CHR semantics. We establish strong correspondence results to the abstract CHR semantics, thus guaranteeing that any answer in the concurrent, goal-based CHR semantics is reproducible in the abstract CHR semantics. Our work provides the foundation to obtain efficient, parallel CHR execution schemes.
Genome-scale dynamic modeling of the competition between Rhodoferax and Geobacter in anoxic subsurface environments
Authors: Zhuang Kai , Izallalen Mounir , Mouser Paula , Richter Hanno , Risso Carla , Mahadevan Radhakrishnan , Lovley Derek R 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The advent of rapid complete genome sequencing, and the potential to capture this information in genome-scale metabolic models, provide the possibility of comprehensively modeling microbial community interactions. For example, Rhodoferax and Geobacter species are acetate-oxidizing Fe(III)-reducers that compete in anoxic subsurface environments and this competition may have an influence on the in situ bioremediation of uranium-contaminated groundwater. Therefore, genome-scale models of Geobacter sulfurreducens and Rhodoferax ferrireducens were used to evaluate how Geobacter and Rhodoferax species might compete under diverse conditions found in a uranium-contaminated aquifer in Rifle, CO. The model predicted that at the low rates of acetate flux expected under natural conditions at the site, Rhodoferax will outcompete Geobacter as long as sufficient ammonium is available. The model also predicted that when high concentrations of acetate are added during in situ bioremediation, Geobacter species would predominate, consistent with field-scale observations. This can be attributed to the higher expected growth yields of Rhodoferax and the ability of Geobacter to fix nitrogen. The modeling predicted relative proportions of Geobacter and Rhodoferax in geochemically distinct zones of the Rifle site that were comparable to those that were previously documented with molecular techniques. The model also predicted that under nitrogen fixation, higher carbon and electron fluxes would be diverted toward respiration rather than biomass formation in Geobacter, providing a potential explanation for enhanced in situ U(VI) reduction in low-ammonium zones. These results show that genome-scale modeling can be a useful tool for predicting microbial interactions in subsurface environments and shows promise for designing bioremediation strategies.
Exploring the life-history implications of colour variation in offshore Gulf of Maine cod (Gadus morhua)
Authors: Sherwood Graham D. , Grabowski Jonathan H. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Sherwood, G. D., and Grabowski, J. H. 2010. Exploring the life-history implications of colour variation in offshore Gulf of Maine cod (Gadus morhua). – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1640–1649. The evolution of alternative life-history strategies in fish has largely been overlooked by fisheries managers, although differences in the biology of life-history variants can have important implications for the scale and productivity of fisheries. Cod display strikingly variable colouration in the Gulf of Maine, with red- and olive-coloured cod found in close sympatry. Colour types from Cashes Ledge, a shallow, offshore (∼100 km) feature, are examined to see whether they differ in key life-history traits including diet, depth distribution, growth, and body morphology. Red cod consumed significantly more crabs, lobsters, and demersal fish, whereas olive cod consumed more shrimp. Stable carbon isotope signatures (δ13C) varied significantly among colour types, but are thought to reflect baseline differences in δ13C at Cashes Ledge (potentially useful for residence estimates). Red cod were confined to a small area of shallow water (<20 m) and were significantly smaller at age than olive cod. Body shape was used to classify colour types correctly with 84% accuracy; red cod had shorter snouts, deeper bodies, and more slender tails than olive cod. Collectively, the results suggest that red cod are resident at Cashes Ledge and represent a life-history strategy distinct from olive cod.
Comparative Effects of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics on Growth Factors in the Large Bowel in a Rat Model of Formula‐induced Bowel Inflammation
Authors: Fordjour Lawrence , D'Souza Antoni , Cai Charles , Ahmad Asma , Valencia Gloria , Kumar Dharmendra , Aranda Jacob V , Beharry Kay D 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTObjectives:Supplementation with probiotics has been shown to prevent gastrointestinal damage possibly through preservation of growth factors. We tested the hypothesis that probiotics, prebiotics, or synbiotics supplementation preserves intestinal insulin‐like growth factors (IGFs) and epidermal growth factors (EGFs) in formula‐fed neonatal rats.Materials and Methods:At birth (postnatal day 0 [P0]), neonatal rat pups (n = 18 pups/group) were either maternally fed or hand‐gavaged with formula supplemented with probiotics (Pro‐Fed), prebiotics, or synbiotics from P0 to P3. A formula‐fed control group received formula without supplementation. At P4, large bowel samples were assessed histologically and assayed for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), soluble VEGF receptor‐1, IGF‐I, IGF‐II, and EGF.Results:All formula‐fed groups were severely growth suppressed with comparable mortalities. Moderate preservation of bowel integrity was noted in the Pro‐Fed group. In contrast, severe inflammation was seen in all of the other formula groups. This was associated with significant increases in VEGF levels in all of the formula groups (P < 0.05) except the Pre‐Fed group. Similar elevations in soluble VEGF receptor‐1 (P < 0.05), IGF‐I (P < 0.05), and EGF (P < 0.05) were noted, but statistical significance was achieved only in the Pro‐Fed group.Conclusions:Induction of IGF‐I and EGF with moderate bowel integrity may represent a protective effect of probiotics against formula‐induced inflammation. These data, taken collectively, suggest that probiotics may provide more beneficial effects on the developing large bowel than prebiotics and synbiotics.
Cryptochrome as a Sensor of the Blue/Green Ratio of Natural Radiation in Arabidopsis
Authors: Sellaro Romina , Crepy María , Trupkin Santiago Ariel , Karayekov Elizabeth , Buchovsky Ana Sabrina , Rossi Constanza , Casal Jorge José 
Published: July 2010

AbstractGreen light added to blue light has been proposed to shift cryptochromes from their semireduced active form to the reduced, inactive state. Whether the increased proportion of green light observed under leaf canopies compared to open places reduces cryptochrome-mediated effects remained to be elucidated. Here we report that the length of the hypocotyl of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings grown under controlled conditions decreased linearly with increasing blue/green ratios of the light within the range of ratios found in natural environments. This effect was stronger under higher irradiances. We developed a model, parameterized on the basis of field experiments including photoreceptor mutants, where hypocotyl growth of seedlings exposed to different natural radiation environments was related to the action and interaction of phytochromes and cryptochromes. Adding the blue/green ratio of the light in the term involving cryptochrome activity improved the goodness of fit of the model, thus supporting a role of the blue/green ratio under natural radiation. The blue/green ratio decreased sharply with increasing shade by green grass leaves to one-half of the values observed in open places. The impact of blue/green ratio on cryptochrome-mediated inhibition of hypocotyl growth was at least as large as that of irradiance. We conclude that cryptochrome is a sensor of blue irradiance and blue/green ratio.
Cytotoxic T cells against herpes simplex virus in Behçet's disease
Authors: HAMZAOUI K , KAHAN A , AYED K , HAMZA M 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYLymphocytes from 36 patients with Behçet's disease (20 in remission and 16 in active phase) were stimulated in vitro with herpes simplex virus and then tested for their ability to generate cytotoxic T cell responses to the virus. Significant cytotoxic responses were found. CD4+ and CD8+ subpopulations from the patients in remission generated specific cytotoxic activity against autologous target cells. These observations suggested that CD4+ and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells may have an important host response in herpes virus infection in Behçet's disease.
Modulation of murine host-versus-graft disease by anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody
Authors: WISSING M , MARCHANT A , MOSER M , FLAMAND V , LEO O , ABRAMOWICZ D , URBAIN J , GOLDMAN M 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYBALB/c mice made tolerant to A/J alloantigens by neonatal injection of (A/J × BALB/c)FI spleen cells develop a host-versus-graft (HVG) disease due to the activation of donor B cells by a subset of host alloreactive helper T cells. We have investigated the effects of a single neonatal injection of the 145-2C11 anti-mouse CD3 monoclonal antibody (MoAb) on the establishment of allotolerance and on the development of the immunopathological features of HVG disease. First, this treatment did not modify the specific anti-donor cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) unresponsiveness or the persistence of circulating immunoglobulins bearing donor allotype. Second, the hyper IgE, the hyper IgG 1 and the increased expression of Ia antigens on B cells found in untreated HVG mice were not observed after injection of the 145-2C11 MoAb. Likewise, treated mice displayed lower levels of anti-DNA IgG antibodies and less glomerular immune deposits as compared with untreated HVG mice. We conclude that the administration of the anti-CD3 MoAb did not interfere with the induction of allotolerance but exerts a pronounced inhibitory effect on the associated immunopathological syndrome.
Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) expression on gastric epithelium: implication for a role of TREM-1 in Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Schmaußer B , Endrich S , Beier D , Moran A P , Burek C J , Rosenwald A , Rieckmann P , Müller-Hermelink H-K , Eck M 
Published: July 2010

Summary
In Helicobacter pylori gastritis gastric epithelium plays a central role in the innate immunity to H. pylori. However, epithelial receptors interacting with H. pylori have been poorly characterized so far. Recently a new triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) has been identified on human neutrophils and monocytes. On these cells TREM-1 triggers innate immunity by stimulating the secretion of interleukin (IL)-8 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and thus amplifies bacterial-induced inflammation. In this study expression and function of TREM-1 in gastric epithelium exposed to H. pylori has been investigated. TREM-1 mRNA and protein were expressed on gastric epithelial cell lines as demonstrated by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) and fluorescence activated cell sorter analysis. Gastric epithelial TREM-1 expression was up-regulated directly by H. pylori and was independent of epithelial IL-8 induced by H. pylori. Immunohistochemistry and tissue RT–PCR demonstrated significantly stronger TREM-1 expression in H. pylori gastritis compared with the non-inflamed gastric mucosa supporting in vivo that epithelial TREM-1 is up-regulated during H. pylori infection. Stimulation of gastric epithelial TREM-1 receptor resulted in IL-8 up-regulation on mRNA and protein level, as shown by real-time PCR and immunoassay. This is the first study localizing TREM-1 on gastric epithelium. Functional data suggest that TREM-1 expressed on gastric epithelium amplifies inflammation of the underlying gastric mucosa by up-regulation of IL-8.
Seasonal Expression of 2 Types of Myosin with Different Thermostability in Silver Carp Muscle (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)
Authors: Yuan Chunhong , Kaneniwa Masaki , Wang X. , Chen S. , Cheng Y. , Qu Y. , FUKUDA Y. , Konno Kunihiko 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT:Myofibrils were prepared from dorsal muscle of silver carp monthly from Jul 2003 to Jun 2004. Myofibrils of silver carp in the summer season were much more stable than those in the winter season as measured by (Ca‐ATPase) thermal inactivation rate (kD) at 0.1 M KCl. The kD of myofibrils measured at 2 M KCl was referred as 1 for myosin without protection by F‐actin. It was proved that myosin itself in summer season fish (summer‐type) was very stable compared with that in winter season fish (winter‐type). Winter‐type myosin easily denatured upon storage in ice. Analysis of the thermal inactivation profiles of myosin monthly prepared demonstrated that myosins in December, January, February, and March were winter‐type, and ones in June, July, August, and September were summer‐type. It was also demonstrated that both winter‐type and summer‐type myosin at different ratios coexisted in the transit season (April, May, October, November), showing the breaking point in the inactivation profile. It was concluded that silver carp expresses 2 types of myosin with different kD seasonally and that the exchange of the expression completed in 2 mo.
Sensitive Monoclonal Antibody‐based Sandwich ELISA for the Detection of Porcine Skeletal Muscle in Meat and Feed Products
Authors: Liu Lihua , Chen Fur‐Chi , Dorsey Jodee L , Hsieh Yun‐Hwa Peggy 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT:A monoclonal antibody‐based sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the sensitive detection of porcine skeletal muscle in raw and heat‐processed meat and feed products. Heat treatment of meat samples up to 132 °C for 2 h did not affect the assay performance. The assay uses a pair of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs 8F10 and 5H9) specific to skeletal muscle troponin I (TnI). MAb 8F10, reacting to mammalian TnI, is the capture antibody and the biotin‐conjugated MAb 5H9, specific to porcine TnI, the detection antibody. The sandwich ELISA is able to detect 0.05% (w/w) of laboratory‐adulterated pork in chicken, 0.1% (w/w) pork in beef mixtures, 0.05% (w/w) pork meal in soy‐based feed, and 1% commercial meat and bone meal (MBM), containing an unknown amount of pork, in soy‐based feed. This new assay provides a rapid and reliable means to detect the contamination of meat and feed products with trace amounts of porcine muscle tissue to ensure product quality and safety.
Die Schlupfwespen und der Unterwuchs des Waldes
Authors: Györfi J. 
Published: July 2010

ZusammenfassungDas Gesagte kann wie folgt zusammengefaßt werden:1. Für die Vermehrung der Schlupfwespen ist nicht die Mischung der Holzarten, sondern der Reichtum der Bodenvegetation ausschlaggebend. Nach meinen Untersuchungen haben in einem Walde, dessen Bäume auf ursprünglichem Standort stehen, die Schädlinge der Bodenpflanzen, der Sträucher und der bestandsbildenden Holzarten gemeinsame Parasiten. Die Parasiten jener Pflanzen, welche nicht Ziel der Holzerzeugung sind, spielen im Walde die Rolle eines Parasitenvorrates.2. Das Vorhandensein der Sträucher, Stauden, Bodenpflanzen bereichert die Lebensgemeinschaft viel mehr und begünstigt die Vermehrung der Schlupfwespen besser als die Mischung der Holzarten.3. Wo es die Aufforstungs‐ und Pflegearbeiten erlauben, soil im Interesse der Aufrechterhaltung des biozönotischen Gleichgewichtes angestrebt werden, die Pflanzenwelt des Waldes zu bereichern. Nur in dem Maße dürfen die Sträucher und Bodenpflanzen ausgerottet werden, in dem es die Wirtschaftsinteressen verlangen.4. Auf den Nährpflanzenmangel der Nebenwirte ist es zurückzuführen, daß in den auf nicht entsprechendem Standort gepflanzten gleichaltrigen, reinen Beständen die Insektenschäden viel häufiger sind, als in solchen ungemischten Wäldern, wo die Holzart auf ihrem ursprünglichen Standort stent. Im letzteren Falle treffen wir neben jenen Holzarten, welche das Ziel der Holzerzeugung bilden, auch die Begleitpflanzen derselben an und auf den Begleitpflanzen die Nebenwirte der Parasiten jener Schädlinge, welche auf den Nutzholzarten leben.5. Schließlich haben für die Aufrechterhaltung des biozönotischen Gleichgewichtes auch die Waldblumen eine wichtige Bedeutung, indem sie den Imagines der Schlupfwespen Nahrung liefern. Für die Vermehrung der Schlupfwespen ist es sehr wichtig, daß inmitten der Wälder oder in der Nähe derselben blühende Wiesen vorhanden sind.
Das Auftreten von Kiefernbuschhornblattwespen in Norddeutschland 1949
Authors: Thalenhorst Walter 
Published: July 2010

ZusammenfassungIm Jahre 1949 (örtlich schon früher) traten in Norddeutschland die Kiefernbuschhornblattwespen Diprion frutetorum F. und D. sertifer bestandsschädigend auf. Vergesellschaftet mit frutetorum fanden sich auch die Arten nemorum F., virens Kl., pini L. und simile Htg. Es kam örtlich zu Kahlfraß, jedoch ohne nachhaltige Folgen. Nur gegen D. frutetorum wurde mit befriedigendem Ergebnis ein Großversuch mit dem Nebelverfahren der Gebr. Borchers A.‐G., Goslar, durchgeführt. Die Massenvermehrung von frutetorum brach, nach Auftreten einer Seuche unter den erwachsenen Larven, unter entscheidender Mitwirkung der Erzwespe Microplectron fuscipennis Zett. im Sommer 1949 zusammen. Auch D. sertifer wurde während der Kokonruhe durch Parasiten dezimiert, ohne daß die Kalamität jedoch dadurch restlos erstickt worden wäre. Eiparasiten traten in beiden Fällen kaum in Erscheinung.
Beobachtungen zum Auftreten der Nonne (Lymantria monacha L.) 1955/56 in den Buchenwäldern Westmazedoniens, Jugoslawien
Authors: Karaman Zora 
Published: July 2010

ZusammenfassungBei einer Massenvermehrung der Nonne (Lymantria monacba L.) in den Buchenwäldern Westmazedoniens (Jugoslawien) wurden im Jahre 1955 insgesamt12000 ha Buchenbestande vom Kahlfraß betroffen. Der Befall beschränkte sich auf die Buchenwaldregion in den Höhenlagen zwischen 1200 bis 1600 m.Das Auftreten der Polyederkrankheit (Wipfelkrankheit der Nonne) führte im Sommer 1956 zum Zusammenbruch der Nonnenkalamität.In the course of a mass‐propagation of the nun‐moth (Lymantria monacha L.) in the beech‐forests of western Mazedonia (Yugo‐Slavia) 1955 in a total 12 000 ha beech stands were completly defoliated. The attack was restricted in the beech‐forests between altitudes of 1200‐1600 m. The outbreak of a polyhedral‐disease („Wipfelkrankheit” of the nun‐moth) led to a breakdown of the nun‐moth‐calamity in summer 1956.
Neue Braconiden‐Parasiten von schädlichen Insekten (Hymenoptera)
Authors: Fischer Max 
Published: July 2010

ZusammenfassungEs werden ein neues Genus und sieben neue, aus schädlichen Insekten gezogene Arten der Familie Braconidae beschrieben. Die neue Gattung ist Spathioplites nov. gen., die zu den Spathiinae zu stellen und der Plathyspathius‐Gruppe nächst verwandt ist. Die neuen Arten sind Hecabalodes ruguloscolyti n. sp. (Iran), Hecabalodes xylophagi n. sp. (Franz. Äquat. Afrika) (diese beiden in Zusammenhang mit einer Revision der Gattung beschrieben), Spathioplites phreneticus n.sp. (Franz. Äquat. Afrika), Phanerotoma pyrodercis n.sp. (Senegal), Opius coffeae n.sp. (Kongo), Apanteles epinotiae n.sp. (Österreich) und Eubadizon ratzeburgi (Österreich). Die Unterscheidung von nächst verwandten Species wird erörtert.SummaryOne new genus and seven new species belonging to the Fam. Braconidae have been described. The new genus, Spathioplites nov. gen., is closely related with the Plathyspathius‐group within the Subfam. Spathiinae. The new species Hecabalodes ruguloscolyti n. sp. (Iran), and Hecabalodes xylphagi n. sp. (French Equat. Africa) have been described. Descriptions of the following five species are given: Spathioplites phreneticus n. sp. (French Equat. Africa), Phanerotoma pyrodercis n. sp. (Senegal), Opius coffeae n. sp. (Congo), Apanteles epinotiae n. sp. (Austria), and Eubadizon ratzeburgi (Austria). Distinguishing features from the closely related species have also been enumerated.
Waxes of the lac insect and their glands
Authors: MAHDIHASSAN S. 
Published: July 2010

ZusammenfassungErgänzt durch zahlreiche Abbildungen wird die Morphologie der wachserzeugenden Drüsen sowie die Bedeutung der verschiedenen Wachsarten für den Aufbau der Lackschildlauskolonien ausführlich behandelt. Die Untersuchungen wurden an Lakshadia mysorensis, communis, nagoliensis und Metatachardia conchiferata (Lacciferidae, Coccoidea) durchgeführt, denen in Indien wirtschaftliche Bedeutung zukommt.
Zum Vorkommen und zur Bekämpfung des Kleinen Aspenbockes Saperda populnea L. in Schweden
Authors: Brammanis L. 
Published: July 2010

ZusammenfassungDen kleinen Aspenbock trifft man fast in ganz Schweden, überall wo die Aspe vorkommt. In den nördlichsten Teilen des Landes ist das Vorkommen am spärlichsten.Die Generation ist zweijährig. In den ungeraden Jahren fliegen 90 bis 97% der gesamten Population. Im Norden sind die Flugjahre nicht so scharf abgegrenzt. Ein Weibchen ist imstande, mehr als 136 “Hufeisen” anzulegen. Am meisten werden 7–8 mm dicke Triebe angegriffen.Das schädliche Auftreten des Bockes ist von wirtschaftlicher Bedeutung hauptsüchlich beim Anbau von Hybridaspenplantagen. Es gelang, die sehr stark bedrohten Plantagen erst nach mehrjähriger systematisch durchgeführter Bespritzung mit Gesarol‐50 von Saperda‐Angriffen zu befreien. Gegen Larven erwies sich das Bepinseln der “Hufeisen” mit Leinöl ohne oder mit Insektizidzusatz als ein sehr erfolgreiches und billiges Bekämpfungsmittel. Die Behandlung verursacht an den Pflanzen keine Beschädigungen, wie das so oft der Fall bei Anwendung von Mineralölen ist.Ein Versuch wurde gemacht, die in Saperda‐Larven parasitierende Schlupfwespe Ephialtes abbreviatus via Hylobius‐Larven zu züchten, um auf diese Weise Material für biologische Bekämpfungsversuche zu gewinnen.SummarySaperda populnea is to be found in Sweden wherever aspen is growing. Its incidence is lowest in northern Sweden.The life‐cycle is bivoltine. In odd years about 90–97 per cent of the population is on the wing. In northern districts there is no such strict cycle. A single female may produce as many as 136 “horseshoes”. Twigs of about 3 inches diameter are preferably attacked. The beetle is of particular economic importance in plantations of hybrid aspens. Only after several years of treatment with Gesarol‐50 was it possibly to clean the plantations from attack. Against the larvae brushing of the “horseshoes” with linseed‐oil – with or without addition of insecticides – has been found to be a succesful and cheap remedy. The hostplants are not injured hereby, as it is often the case when using mineral‐oils.Finally, a trial was made to breed Ephialtes abbreviates on larvae of Hylobius and by this way to obtain parasite material for biological control tests.
Entomologica in Litteris
Authors: Herfs Adolf 
Published: July 2010

SummaryImportant insect pests – for example, termites, ants grasshoppers, flies, bugs and fleas – are frequently recorded in the classical literature of mankind (Indian myths, Bible, Homer, Dante, Goethe) and have often been subjects of poetry. The damage and epidemics caused by these insects has also been treated by literates all along. Since Linné, insect nomenclature has frequently made use of names of antique legendary persons, and particularly butterflies have been named so.