bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrothermal Syntheses, Crystal Structure and Thermal Behavior of [(CH3)2NH2]2[B5O6(OH)4]2·[HCON(CH3)2] and [NH3CH2CH2NH3]2[B14O20(OH)6]
Authors: Li Ping , Liu Zhihong 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTwo novel organic base templated nonmetal borates [(CH3)2NH2]2[B5O6(OH)4]2·[HCON(CH3)2] (?) and [NH3CH2CH2NH3]2[B14O20(OH)6] (II) have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions, and characterized by elemental analyses, FT‐IR spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and TG‐DTA. Their crystal structures were determined from single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The crystal structure of compound I is characterized by forming a 3D supramolecular structure with large channels along axes b and c through OH···O hydrogen‐bonding among the [B5O6(OH)4]− anions. The crystal structure of compound II is characterized by forming a 3D supramolecular structure with large channels along axis a and direction [111] through OH···O hydrogen‐bonding among the [B14O20(OH)6]4− anions. The templating organic amine cations in I and II are both obtained through in situ hydrothermal reactions, and are both located in the channels of the 3D supramolecular structure, respectively. Their thermal behavior has been also investigated.
DNA Separation by Microchip Electrophoresis Using Copolymers of Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) and Hydroxyethylcellulose
Authors: Li Gang , Ni Xiangfang , Dong Shuqing , Wang Qingjiang , He Pinggang , Fang Yuzhi 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCopolymers of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) and hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) were synthesized, with PVP to HEC molar ratios of 3:1, 2:1 and 1:1. The copolymers were tested as separation media in DNA fragment separation analysis by microchip electrophoresis (MCE). Separation efficiency over 3.8×105 for 118 bp has been reached by using the bare channels without the additional polymer coating step. Under optimized separation conditions for longer read length DNA sequencing, the separation ability of the copolymers decreased with decreasing (PVP‐co‐HEC) molar ratio from 3:1 to 2:1 and 1:1. In comparison with (PVP‐co‐HEC) 1:1, the copolymer with (PVP‐co‐HEC) 3:1 ratio showed high separation efficiency. By using a 20 g·L−1 copolymer with (PVP‐co‐HEC) 3:1 ratio, ΦΧ174‐HaeIII digest DNA marker was successfully separated within 3 min.
Determination of Three Tanshinones from Radix Salvia Miltiorrhiza by Molecularly Imprinted Solid‐phase Extraction
Authors: Yan Hongyuan , Tian Minglei , Row Kyung Ho 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA selective molecularly imprinted solid‐phase extraction procedure was developed for the selective separation of tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA, and cryptotanshinone from Radix Salvia Miltiorrhiza samples. Tanshinone IIA imprinted polymers (MIP) synthesized in ethanol‐dodecanol system show high affinity to tanshinone IIA and its structure analogs in aqueous environment and the affinity can be controlled by adjusting the intensity of the eluents. By using 60% water‐40% methanol (volume ratio) and 99.5% methanol‐0.5% trifluoroacetic acid (volume ratio) as washing and eluting solvents, most interferences originating from the salvia matrix were eliminated. The extracts were sufficiently clean enough to be directly injected into HPLC for further chromatographic analysis. Good linearity was obtained from 0.4 to 500.0 mg·L−1 (r2=0.999) with the relative standard deviations less than 4.2%. The mean recoveries of tanshinone IIA in Radix Salvia Miltiorrhiza were more than 85.6% at three different concentrations and the limits of detection were 0.06–0.09 mg·L−1. This method is a viable alternative tool to the existing HPLC methods for analyzing the content of the three tanshinones in Radix Salvia Miltiorrhiza samples.
Preparation and Characterization of Temperature‐responsive Porous Monoliths
Authors: Zhang Rongyue , Qi Li , Xiao Qin , Xin Peiyong , Yang Gengliang 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA new temperature‐responsive porous monolith has been prepared by surface‐initiated activators generated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization (AGET ATRP) grafting poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) within the pores of the porous polymer monolith. The grafting copolymerization was carried out by a method based on a continuous flow‐through technique without special deoxygenation procedure needed in the general ATRP. The addition of ascorbic acid could counteract the oxidation effect of oxygen diffusing into the reaction system. The resulting grafted monolith was characterized by a mercury intrusion method and the size of macropore was 3.65 µm, which was suitable for flow through the monolith for HPLC. The thermally responsive property of the grafted monolith was evaluated by HPLC using steroids with various hydrophobicities as probes. Through determination of retention factor of each steroid on the grafted monolith at different temperatures using water as mobile phase, it was found that the slope of the plot of retention factor of each steroid versus the temperature changed around the low critical solution temperature (LCST, 32°C) of PNIPAAm in water. It was relative to the grafted PNIPAAm temperature sensitivity that a hydrophobic and hydrophilic alternation would take place around its LCST. Based on this thermally responsive property, the grafted monolith was used as stationary phase for HPLC and to separate the steroids using water as mobile phase by changing the column temperature. As a mobile phase, water is much better than organic solvents concerning the environment.
Experimental Study on Demercurization Performance of Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization System
Authors: Bao Jingjing , Yang Linjun , Yan Jinpei 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe demercurization performance of wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) system was investigated by measuring mercury concentrations at the inlet and outlet of WFGD system with a QM201H mercury analyzer. The selected desulfurizer included NH3·H2O, NaOH, Na2CO3, Ca(OH)2 and CaCO3. The influences of adding oxidant and coagulant such as KMnO4, Fenton reagent, K2S2O8/CuSO4 and Na2S into desulfurization solutions were also studied. The results show that elemental mercury is the main component of gaseous mercury in coal‐fired flue gas, and the proportion of oxidized mercury is less than 36%. Oxidized mercury could be removed by WFGD system efficiently, and the removal efficiency could amount to 81.1%–92.6%. However, the concentration of elemental mercury slightly increased at the outlet of WFGD as a result of its insolubility and re‐emission. Therefore, the removal efficiency of gaseous mercury is only 13.3%–18.3%. The mercury removal efficiency of WFGD system increased with increasing the liquid‐gas ratio. In addition, adding KMnO4, Fenton reagent, K2S2O8/CuSO4 and Na2S into desulfurization solutions could increase the mercury removal efficiency obviously. Various additives have different effects, and Na2S is demonstrated to be the most efficient, in which a mercury removal efficiency of 67.2% can be reached.
Perfluorocyclobutyl‐containing Amphiphilic Block Copolymers Synthesized by RAFT Polymerization
Authors: Chen Yongjun , Zhang Sen , Feng Chun , Zhang Yaqin , Li Qingnuan , Li Wenxin , Huang Xiaoyu 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAmphiphilic block copolymers containing hydrophobic perfluorocyclobutyl‐based (PFCB) polyacrylate and hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) segments were prepared via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The PFCB‐containing acrylate monomer, p‐(2‐(p‐tolyloxy)perfluorocyclobutoxy)‐phenyl acrylate, was first synthesized from commercially available compounds in good yields, and this kind of acrylate monomer can be homopolymerized by free radical polymerization or RAFT polymerization. Kinetic study showed the 2,2′‐azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) initiated and cumyl dithiobenzoate (CDB) mediated RAFT polymerization was in a living fashion, as suggested by the fact that the number‐average molecular weights (Mn) increased linearly with the conversions of the monomer, while the polydispersity indices kept less than 1.10. The block polymers with narrow molecular weight distributions (Mw/Mn≦1.21) were prepared through RAFT polymerization using PEG monomethyl ether capped with 4‐cyanopentanoic acid dithiobenzoate end group as the macro chain transfer agent (mPEG‐CTA). The length of the hydrophobic segment can be tuned by the feed ratio of the PFCB‐based acrylate monomer and the extending of the polymerization time. The micellization behavior of the block copolymers in aqueous media was investigated by the fluorescence probe technique.
Non‐covalent Interaction of Perfluorooctanoic Acid with DNA
Authors: Zhang Xian , Shen Rong , Chen Ling 
Published: November 2009

AbstractHealth risk from exposure of perfluorochemicals to wildlife and human has been a subject of concern in many fields such as environmental ecology, toxicology, pathology and life sciences. The interactions of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) with DNA were investigated by equilibrium dialysis, circular dichroism and isothermal titration calorimetry techniques under normal physiological conditions in vitro. The binding of PFOA to DNA was a non‐covalent interaction and corresponded to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm in a two‐step binding model, in which PFOA climbed along the backbones of DNA and then interacted with the homolateral bases via hydrophobic interactions. The saturation number of PFOA was calculated to be 0.64 per base‐pair of DNA. Such an interaction caused the enhancement of circular dichroism spectra of DNA at both 245 and 275 nm, indicating the change of DNA conformation. The acidic media, low electrolyte and temperature ≦35°C are comparatively more favorable for PFOA binding to DNA. This work provides a useful experimental strategy for studying the interactions of perfluorochemicals with biomacromolecules, aiming at a better understanding of the gene toxicity mechanism of perfluorochemicals.
Hydrogen‐bonded Supramolecular Hydrogels Derived from 3,3′,4,4′‐Benzophenonetetracarboxylic Acid and Hydroxylpyridines
Authors: Wang Yujiang , Tang Liming , Wang Li , Yu Jian 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn this paper, four gelators (defined as G1–G4) were prepared from 3,3′,4,4′‐benzophenonetetracarboxylic acid (BPTA) and para‐hydroxylpyridine or meta‐hydroxylpyridine at molar ratios 1:2 and 1:4 respectively, and characterized by 1H NMR, IR, UV‐Vis spectra and elemental analysis. Due to the amphiphilic features, all the gelators were able to gel water via cooling their aqueous solution under different stimulations. The structure of the assembling fibers and the macroscopic properties of the gels were investigated by multiple techniques. The results indicated that the minimum gelator concentration (MGC) increased by the order of G1, G2, G3 and G4, while the gel‐to‐sol dissociation temperature (Tgel) decreased by the same order, which were explained from the assembling structures of the gels.
Triflic Acid‐Promoted Formylation of Ceramide in Dimethylformamide
Authors: CHIANG Liwu , Pan Sider , Lo Jemmau , Yu Chungshan 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe protected ceramide: N‐((2S,3S,4R)‐3,4‐bis(benzyloxy)‐1‐hydroxyoctadecan‐2‐yl)tetracosanamide, was attempted to introduce a triflate as a leaving group followed by a nucleophilic substitution with azido group in one‐pot manner. Unexpectedly, the oxazole ring formed via a thermodynamically favored intramolecular cyclization was opened to generate the original ceramide by triflic acid. In addition, the residual acid promoted a formylation of the primary hydroxy group in DMF.
Extracapsular lymph node spread
Authors: Alakus Hakan , Hölscher Arnulf H. , Grass Guido , Hartmann Eva , Schulte Christian , Drebber Uta , Baldus Stephan E. , Bollschweiler Elfriede , Metzger Ralf , Mönig Stefan P. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Lymphatic spread is 1 of the most relevant prognostic factors for gastric carcinoma. The current International Union Against Cancer (UICC) pN staging system is based on the number of metastatic lymph nodes and does not take into consideration the characteristics of the metastatic lymph nodes itself. The aim of the current study was to examine the prognostic value of extracapsular lymph node involvement in gastric cancer and to find correlations with clinicopathological parameters.METHODS:Tissue samples were obtained from 159 gastric cancer patients who underwent gastrectomy with D2‐lymphadenectomy in 142 (89.3%) cases and subtotal gastrectomy with D2‐lymphadenectomy in 17 (10.7%) cases. The number of resected lymph nodes, number of metastatic lymph nodes, and number of metastatic lymph nodes with extracapsular lymph node involvement were determined. Extracapsular spread was defined as infiltration of cancer cells beyond the capsule of the metastatic lymph node.RESULTS:Ninety‐six (60.4%) patients had lymph node metastasis. In 57 (35.8%) cases, extracapsular lymph node involvement was also detected. Extracapsular lymph node involvement was significantly associated with higher pN‐category (P < .001), higher pM category (P = .048), and higher UICC stages (P = .001). According to the Kaplan‐Meier log‐rank statistical method, extracapsular lymph node involvement was significantly associated with poor survival (P = .001). In the multivariate analysis besides pT (P < .001) and R‐category (P = .009), extracapsular lymph node involvement also remained as an independent prognostic factor (P = .003), whereas the UICC pN‐category (P = .822) lost its prognostic value.CONCLUSIONS:Extracapsular lymph node involvement is associated with higher tumor stages and is an independent negative prognostic factor in gastric cancer. In future staging systems for gastric cancer, extracapsular lymph node involvement should be considered. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Depth of invasion determines the postresectional prognosis for patients with T1 extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Nagahashi Masayuki , Shirai Yoshio , Wakai Toshifumi , Sakata Jun , Ajioka Yoichi , Nomura Tatsuya , Tsuchiya Yoshiaki , Hatakeyama Katsuyoshi 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:We tested the hypothesis that in patients with T1 extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (EHC), prognosis postresection is significantly different for those with tumors that are limited to the mucosa than for those with tumors that have invaded (but not penetrated) the fibromuscular layer.METHODS:A retrospective analysis was conducted of 33 consecutive patients with pathologic T1 (pT1) EHC tumors. According to the depth of invasion, the pT1 tumors were divided into 2 groups: Group 1, tumors that were limited to the mucosa (mucosal tumors); and Group 2, tumors that had invaded (but not penetrated) the fibromuscular layer (fibromuscular layer‐invasive tumors). Long‐term outcomes after resection were compared between the 2 groups for a median follow‐up time of 175 months.RESULTS:Eighteen patients had mucosal tumors and 15 patients had tumors that had invaded the fibromuscular layer. None of the patients with mucosal tumors had lymphovascular invasion, whereas 3 of the patients with fibromuscular layer‐invasive tumors had lymphovascular invasion (P = .083). Overall survival after resection was better in Group 1 than in Group 2 (cumulative 10‐year survival rate, 100% vs 52%; P = .024). The rate of disease‐free survival after resection was higher in Group 1 than in Group 2 (cumulative disease‐free 10‐year survival rate, 100% vs 56%; P = .022).CONCLUSIONS:The long‐term outcome after resection for EHC is significantly better for patients with mucosal tumors than for patients with fibromuscular layer‐invasive tumors. This suggests that the depth of tumor invasion affects the postresection prognosis for patients with pT1 EHC. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Rapid and reliable confirmation of acute promyelocytic leukemia by immunofluorescence staining with an antipromyelocytic leukemia antibody
Authors: Dimov Nikolay D. , Medeiros L. Jeffrey , Kantarjian Hagop M. , Cortes Jorge E. , Chang Kun‐Sang , Bueso‐Ramos Carlos E. , Ravandi Farhad 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:The authors evaluated the utility of immunofluorescence staining with an antipromyelocytic leukemia (anti‐PML) antibody for patients with a suspected diagnosis of new or relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and correlated the findings with the results of other established diagnostic modalities.METHODS:Bone marrow (BM) and/or peripheral blood (PB) smears from 349 patients in whom the diagnosis of APL was considered were assessed with the anti‐PML antibody using immunofluorescence. The study group included 199 patients with confirmed APL and 150 with other conditions. The results of conventional cytogenetics, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) performed on these patients were correlated with the PML results.RESULTS:Among patients with confirmed APL, anti‐PML antibody was positive in 182 of 184 BM and 32 of 33 PB smears. Conventional cytogenetics demonstrated t(15;17)(q22;q12) in 166 of 182 (91%) patients; 10 had a normal karyotype, 4 had insufficient mitoses to grow in culture, 1 was inconclusive, and 1 was 48, XX, +8, +8. Anti‐PML staining was positive in 9 of 10 with a normal karyotype and in all 4 cases with insufficient mitoses. RT‐PCR and FISH were positive for PML–retinoic acid receptor‐α in 169 of 172 (98%) and 90 of 94 (96%) cases, respectively. Among the patients without APL, 148 of 150 (98.6%) were negative with anti‐PML antibody. The sensitivity and specificity of the test were 98.9% and 98.7%, respectively.CONCLUSIONS:PML immunofluorescence staining is a rapid (<4 hours turnaround time) and reliable frontline diagnostic approach that can facilitate initiation of targeted therapy, particularly in clinical settings where cytogenetic and molecular testing are not readily available. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
D2 receptors receive paracrine neurotransmission and are consistently targeted to a subset of synaptic structures in an identified neuron of the crustacean stomatogastric nervous system
Authors: Oginsky Max F. , Rodgers Edmund W. , Clark Merry C. , Simmons Robert , Krenz Wulf‐Dieter C. , Baro Deborah J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDopamine (DA) modulates motor systems in phyla as diverse as nematodes and arthropods up through chordates. A comparison of dopaminergic systems across a broad phylogenetic range should reveal shared organizing principles. The pyloric network, located in the stomatogastric ganglion (STG), is an important model for neuromodulation of motor networks. The effects of DA on this network have been well characterized at the circuit and cellular levels in the spiny lobster, Panulirus interruptus. Here we provide the first data about the physical organization of the DA signaling system in the STG and the function of D2 receptors in pyloric neurons. Previous studies showed that DA altered intrinsic firing properties and synaptic output in the pyloric dilator (PD) neuron, in part by reducing calcium currents and increasing outward potassium currents. We performed single cell reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) experiments to show that PD neurons exclusively expressed a type 2 (D2αPan) DA receptor. This was confirmed by using confocal microscopy in conjunction with immunohistochemistry (IHC) on STG wholemount preparations containing dye‐filled PD neurons. Immunogold electron microscopy showed that surface receptors were concentrated in fine neurites/terminal swellings and vesicle‐laden varicosities in the synaptic neuropil. Double‐label IHC experiments with tyrosine hydroxylase antiserum suggested that the D2αPan receptors received volume neurotransmissions. Receptors were further mapped onto three‐dimensional models of PD neurons built from Neurolucida tracings of confocal stacks from the IHC experiments. The data showed that D2αPan receptors were selectively targeted to approximately 40% of synaptic structures in any given PD neuron, and were nonuniformly distributed among neurites. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:255–276, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The therapist–client relationship, computerized self‐help and active therapy ingredients
Authors: Peck David F. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThere is strong evidence that a good relationship between therapist and client is associated with positive outcomes after all types of psychological therapy. There is also strong evidence that computer‐guided cognitive behaviour therapy (CCBT), in which there may be little or no face‐to‐face contact, is associated with outcomes that are as good as outcomes after conventional therapy. These two sets of findings can be reconciled by reference to the common factors debate, in that common factors may be as important in CCBT as in conventional therapy; and by reconstruing the therapist–client relationship as a channel through which common and specific factors are brought into play. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message:• Computer‐guided CBT may benefit from a more explicit inclusion of common factors.• A greater focus on methods of improving the transmission of active therapy ingredients through the therapist‐to‐client channel may be helpful in research and training.
Acid Hydrolysis of Cellulose as the Entry Point into Biorefinery Schemes
Authors: Rinaldi Roberto , Schüth Ferdi 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCellulose is a major source of glucose because it is readily available, renewable, and does not compete with the food supply. Hydrolysis of cellulose is experiencing a new research and development cycle in which this reaction is carried out over solid catalysts and coupled to other reactions for increased efficiency. Cellulose is typically not soluble in conventional solvents and very resistant to chemical and biological transformations. This Review focuses on aspects related to the hydrolysis of cellulose as this process is a significant entry point into the biorefinery scheme based on carbohydrates for the production of biofuels and biochemicals. Structural features of cellulose, conventional acid‐catalyzed reactions, and the use of solid acid catalysts for hydrolysis are discussed. The longterm success of the biorefinery concept depends on the development of energetically efficient processes to convert cellulose directly or indirectly into biofuels and chemicals.
Epigenetic control of translation regulation: Alterations in histone H3 lysine 9 post‐translation modifications are correlated with the expression of the translation initiation factor 2B (Eif2b5) during thermal control establishment
Authors: Kisliouk Tatiana , Ziv Maor , Meiri Noam 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThermal control set point is regulated by thermosensitive neurons of the preoptic anterior hypothalamus (PO/AH) and completes its development during postnatal critical sensory period. External stimuli, like increase in environmental temperature, influence the neuronal protein repertoire and, ultimately, cell properties via activation or silencing of gene transcription, both of which are regulated by the “histone code.''” Here, we demonstrated an increase in global histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) acetylation as well as H3K9 dimethylation in chick PO/AH during heat conditioning at the critical period of sensory development. In contrast to the global profile of H3K9 modifications, acetylation and dimethylation patterns of H3K9 at the promoter of the catalytic subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B (Eif2b5) were opposite to each other. During heat conditioning, there was an increase in H3K9 acetylation at the Eif2b5 promoter, simultaneously with decrease in H3K9 dimethylation. These alterations coincided with Eif2b5 mRNA induction. Moreover, exposure to excessive heat during the critical period resulted in long‐term effect on both H3K9 tagging at the Eif2b5 promoter and Eif2b5 mRNA expression. These data suggest a role for dynamic H3K9 post‐translational modifications in global translation regulation during the thermal control establishment. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2010