bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of atorvastatin in systemic lupus erythematosus in children and adolescents
Authors: Schanberg L. E. , Sandborg C. , Barnhart H. X. , Ardoin S. P. , Yow E. , Evans G. W. , Mieszkalski K. L. , Ilowite N. T. , Eberhard A. , Imundo L. F. , Kimura Y. , von Scheven E. , Silverman E. , Bowyer S. L. , Punaro M. , Singer N. G. , Sherry D. D. , McCurdy D. , Klein‐Gitelman M. , Wallace C. , Silver R. , Wagner‐Weiner L. , Higgins G. C. , Brunner H. I. , Jung L. , Soep J. B. , Reed A. M. , Provenzale J. , Thompson S. D. ,   Atherosclerosis Prevention in Pediatric Lupus Erythematosus Investigators
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjectiveStatins reduce atherosclerosis and cardiovascular morbidity in the general population, but their efficacy and safety in children and adolescents with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are unknown. This study was undertaken to determine the 3‐year efficacy and safety of atorvastatin in preventing subclinical atherosclerosis progression in pediatric‐onset SLE.MethodsA total of 221 participants with pediatric SLE (ages 10–21 years) from 21 North American sites were enrolled in the Atherosclerosis Prevention in Pediatric Lupus Erythematosus study, a randomized double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial, between August 2003 and November 2006 with 36‐month followup. Participants were randomized to receive atorvastatin (n = 113) or placebo (n = 108) at 10 or 20 mg/day depending on weight, in addition to usual care. The primary end point was progression of mean‐mean common carotid intima‐media thickening (CIMT) measured by ultrasound. Secondary end points included other segment/wall‐specific CIMT measures, lipid profile, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP) level, and SLE disease activity and damage outcomes.ResultsProgression of mean‐mean common CIMT did not differ significantly between treatment groups (0.0010 mm/year for atorvastatin versus 0.0024 mm/year for placebo; P = 0.24). The atorvastatin group achieved lower hsCRP (P = 0.04), total cholesterol (P < 0.001), and low‐density lipoprotein (P < 0.001) levels compared with placebo. In the placebo group, CIMT progressed significantly across all CIMT outcomes (0.0023–0.0144 mm/year; P < 0.05). Serious adverse events and critical safety measures did not differ between groups.ConclusionOur results indicate that routine statin use over 3 years has no significant effect on subclinical atherosclerosis progression in young SLE patients; however, further analyses may suggest subgroups that would benefit from targeted statin therapy. Atorvastatin was well tolerated without safety concerns.
Tetracene Dicarboxylic Imide and Its Disulfide: Synthesis of Ambipolar Organic Semiconductors for Organic Photovoltaic Cells
Authors: Okamoto Toshihiro , Suzuki Tsuyoshi , Tanaka Hideyuki , Hashizume Daisuke , Matsuo Yutaka 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe have designed and synthesized a new donor/acceptor‐type tetracene derivative by the introduction of dicarboxylic imide and disulfide groups as electron‐withdrawing and ‐donating units, respectively. The prepared compounds, tetracene dicarboxylic imide (TI) and its disulfide (TIDS) have high chemical and electrochemical stability as well as long‐wavelength absorptions of up to 886 nm in the thin films. The crystal packing structure of TIDS molecules features face‐to‐face π‐stacking, derived from dipole–dipole interactions. Notably, TIDS exhibited ambipolar properties of both electron‐donating and ‐accepting natures in p–n and p–i–n heterojunction organic thin‐film photovoltaic devices. Accordingly, TI and TIDS are expected to be promising compounds for designing new organic semiconductors.
Cloud modeling of a network region in Hα
Authors: Bostancı Z.F. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we analyze the physical properties of dark mottles in the chromospheric network using two‐dimensional spectroscopic observations in Hα obtained with the Göttingen Fabry‐Perot Spectrometer in the Vacuum Tower Telescope at the Observatory del Teide, Tenerife. Cloud modeling was applied to measure the mottles' optical thickness, source function, Doppler width, and line‐of‐sight velocity. Using these measurements, the number density of hydrogen atoms in levels 1 and 2, total particle density, electron density, temperature, gas pressure, and mass density parameters were determined with the method of Tsiropoula & Schmieder (1997). We also analyzed the temporal behaviour of a mottle using cloud parameters. Our result shows that it is dominated by 3 minute signals in source function, and 5 minutes or more in velocity (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Lunisolar effect on the trigger of earthquakes
Authors: Gackstatter F.H. , Gackstatter C.F. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDealing with moon theory and tidal dynamics and checking lists of earthquake data one can take the following two observations: 1) The first extreme proxigean spring tide in the new millennium happened on 2005 January 10, in new moon phase, and half a synodic month earlier, when the Moon was full on 2004 December 26, the Christmas Tsunami was triggered in the Indian Ocean. The next extreme tide in new moon phase will occur after one Saros cycle, on 2023 January 21. 2) The second observation is connected with the lunar evection anomaly. The time between the Whitsun Quake in China on 2008 May 12 and the Christmas Tsunami amounts to 1233 days. On the other hand, three lunar evectional cycles take 3 × Ue = 3 × 411.8 = 1235 days. These observations hint at lunisolar structures in the earthquake distribution. In the present treatise we will reveal such structures by composing lunisolar ephemerides and earthquake Tables. In particular, we use Student's t‐test and show that there is a significant relationship between the beat period Ue and the earthquake statistics (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Features of a comet nucleus: The case of 103P/Hartley 2
Authors: Gronkowski P. , Sacharczuk Z. , Topolewicz S. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn the paper two chosen features of the comet 103P/Hartley 2 are studied. The first one are ‘cometary geysers’ which have been recorded by the camera on Deep Impact spacecraft. The numerical calculations related with this phenomenon have been carried out for large number of values of probable cometary characteristics. Our calculations confirm the assumption what also has been observed by NASA's scientists that the jets of carbon dioxide from the geysers are able to lift large chunks of water ice from the comet. The second discussed feature of the comet 103P/Hartley 2 is the lack of impact holes on the surface of its nucleus. The expected rate of impact holes on the surface of the nucleus of 103P/Hartley 2 is discussed. These holes could be the product of impacts between this comet and other small bodies orbiting in the main asteroid belt. The probability of such impacts, the total number of expected perceptible holes and changes in the luminosity of the comet caused by collisions are examined. We conclude that indeed the number of visible holes on its surface should be negligible (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On the design of the PEPSI spectropolarimeter for the LBT
Authors: Ilyin I. , Strassmeier K.G. , Woche M. , Dionies F. , Di Varano I. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe present the design concept of the spectropolarimeter for the high‐resolution echelle spectrograph PEPSI tobe installed at the 2 × 8.4 m Large Binocular Telescope (LBT) in Arizona. We discuss the optical key elements, the principles of operations of the instrument and its instrumental polarization effects (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Scaling factors: Transcription factors regulating subcellular domains
Authors: Mills Jason C. , Taghert Paul H. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDeveloping cells acquire mature fates in part by selective (i.e. qualitatively different) expression of a few cell‐specific genes. However, all cells share the same basic repertoire of molecular and subcellular building blocks. Therefore, cells must also specialize according to quantitative differences in cell‐specific distributions of those common molecular resources. Here we propose the novel hypothesis that evolutionarily‐conserved transcription factors called scaling factors (SFs) regulate quantitative differences among mature cell types. SFs: (1) are induced during late stages of cell maturation; (2) are dedicated to specific subcellular domains; and, thus, (3) allow cells to emphasize specific subcellular features. We identify candidate SFs and discuss one in detail: MIST1 (BHLHA15, vertebrates)/DIMM (CG8667, Drosophila); professional secretory cells use this SF to scale up regulated secretion. Because cells use SFs to develop their mature properties and also to adapt them to ever‐changing environmental conditions, SF aberrations likely contribute to diseases of adult onset.
PRDM proteins: Important players in differentiation and disease
Authors: Fog Cathrine K. , Galli Giorgio G. , Lund Anders H. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe PRDM family has recently spawned considerable interest as it has been implicated in fundamental aspects of cellular differentiation and exhibits expanding ties to human diseases. The PRDMs belong to the SET domain family of histone methyltransferases, however, enzymatic activity has been determined for only few PRDMs suggesting that they act by recruiting co‐factors or, more speculatively, confer methylation of non‐histone targets. Several PRDM family members are deregulated in human diseases, most prominently in hematological malignancies and solid cancers, where they can act as both tumor suppressors or drivers of oncogenic processes. The molecular mechanisms have been delineated for only few PRDMs and little is known about functional redundancy within the family. Future studies should identify target genes of PRDM proteins and the protein complexes in which PRDM proteins reside to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the biological and biochemical functions of this important protein family.
Catalytic Aminolysis (Amide Formation) from Esters and Carboxylic Acids: Mechanism, Enhanced Ionic Liquid Effect, and its Origin
Authors: de Oliveira Vanda Maria , Silva de Jesus Richard , Gomes Alexandre F. , Gozzo Fábio C. , Umpierre Alexandre P. , Suarez Paulo A. Z. , Rubim Joel C. , Neto Brenno A. D. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis paper describes the use of imidazolium‐based ionic liquids {1‐n‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [BMI‐BF4], 1‐n‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [BMI‐PF6], and 1‐n‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [BMI‐NTf2]} as efficient supports for Lewis and Brønsted acids ,which are promoters of the aminolysis of some esters, fatty acids, and fatty acid esters (among others) to form amide derivatives. Some esters and carboxylic acids were tested to demonstrate the generality of the methodology, and the corresponding amides were obtained in high yields. Recycling reactions (at least eight reuses) without a notable loss in activity could be performed by using CdO and SnCl2 as catalysts in BMI‐NTf2 as the ionic medium. Brønsted acids, such as H2SO4 and HCl, were also tested with impressive results; however, it was not possible to perform recycling reactions because of catalyst leaching. The same was true when using BF3⋅OEt2 as the catalyst. Mechanistic insights and the ionic‐liquid effect were investigated by using 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopy, which showed that there is a strong interaction of the imidazolium cation with the CO and CC bonds of methyl oleate, most likely through CH⋅⋅⋅π interactions, π‐stacking interactions, and ion‐pair formation in the presence of a metal catalyst. Electrospray ionization–quadrupole time‐of‐flight experiments allowed a better understanding of the reaction mechanism. The results could explain the enhanced ionic‐liquid effect on the stabilization of the formed intermediates, which facilitated the amide bond formation.
Gold Nanoparticles Stabilized by Thioether Dendrimers
Authors: Hermes Jens Peter , Sander Fabian , Peterle Torsten , Urbani Raphael , Pfohl Thomas , Thompson Damien , Mayor Marcel 
Published: October 2011

AbstractLigand‐stabilized gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) are promising materials for nanotechnology with applications in electronics, catalysis, and sensors. These applications depend on the ability to synthesize stable and monodisperse NPs. Herein, the design and synthesis of two series of dendritic thioether ligands and their ability to stabilize Au NPs is presented. The dendrimers have 1,3,5‐trisubstituted benzene branching units bridged by either meta‐xylene or ethylene moieties. A comparison between the two ligands shows how both size control and the stability of the NPs are influenced by the nature of the ligand–NP wrapping interaction. The meta‐xylene‐bridged ligands provided NPs with a narrow size distribution centered around a diameter of 1.2 nm, whereas the NPs formed with ethylene‐bridged dendrimers lack long‐term stability with NP aggregation detected by UV/Vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The bulkier tert‐butyl‐functionalized meta‐xylene bridges form larger ligand shells that inhibit further growth of the NPs and thus provide a simple route to stable and monodisperse Au NPs that may find use as functional components in nanoelectronic devices.
Facilitating and Promoting Innovative Entrepreneurship in Hong Kong: Theory and Practice
Authors: Sharif Naubahar 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis paper analyzes recent policy initiatives designed to stimulate innovative entrepreneurship in Hong Kong. I construct a conceptual framework informed by the theory of market failure and posit five key obstacles to innovative entrepreneurship in order to examine Hong Kong's efforts through public policy to strengthen innovative entrepreneurship and to offer broad policy prescriptions. Aligning the initiatives undertaken in Hong Kong with the barriers that inform the conceptual framework contributes to scholarship in the area of innovative entrepreneurship, lays the foundation for future research to match policy measures with outcomes in Hong Kong, and aids cross‐cultural research to determine whether aspects of the framing are specific or generalizeable. Copyright © 2011 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Clinical Characteristics, Laboratory Parameters, Electrocardiographic, and Echocardiographic Findings of Reverse or Inverted Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy: Comparison With Mid or Apical Variant
Authors: Song Bong Gun , Chun Woo Jung , Park Yong Hwan , Kang Gu Hyun , Oh JuHyeon , Lee Sang‐Chol , Park Seung Woo , Oh Jae K. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackground:Although takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC) typically affects the apical and/or midventricular segments, several recent cases have reported a reverse or inverted variant of TTC. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics, laboratory parameters, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic findings in patients presenting as inverted TTC and compare those parameters to those presenting as mid or apical variant.Hypothesis:The clinical features of inverted TTC are different from those of other types of TTC.Methods:Of 103 patients enrolled from the TTC registry database, 20 showed inverted TTC (inverted TTC group), and 83 showed mid or apical variant (other TTC group).Results:Clinical presentations and in‐hospital courses were mostly similar between the groups. However, the inverted TTC group was younger (median, 54.5 vs 64.0 years; P = 0.006) than other TTC and had a higher prevalence of triggering stress (100% vs 77%, P = 0.018), whereas other TTC group had higher prevalence of dyspnea (58% vs 30%, P = 0.025), pulmonary edema (46% vs 20%, P = 0.035), cardiogenic shock (36% vs 10%, P = 0.023), T‐wave inversion (81% vs 60%, P = 0.049), and significant reversible mitral regurgitation (MR) (19% vs 0%, P = 0.033). Also, the inverted TTC group had significantly higher creatine kinase MB fraction (CK‐MB); CK‐MB (median, 30.7 vs 7.6 ng/mL; P = 0.001) and troponin‐I (median, 13.1 vs 1.6 ng/mL; P = 0.001), but lower N‐terminalpro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) levels (median, 613.3 vs 4987.0 pg/mL; P = 0.020).Conclusions:Inverted TTC presents at a younger age and has a higher prevalence of triggering stress, whereas other TTC has a higher prevalence of heart failure symptoms, significant reversible MR, and T‐wave inversion and higher NT‐proBNP levels despite other clinical features that are mostly similar. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.This study was supported by the Samsung Changwon Hospital Hyoseok Research Fund. The authors have no other funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Interaction of low molecular weight hyaluronan with CD44 and toll‐like receptors promotes the actin filament‐associated protein 110‐actin binding and MyD88‐NFκB signaling leading to proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine production and breast tumor invasion
Authors: Bourguignon Lilly Y. W. , Wong Gabriel , Earle Christine A. , Xia Weiliang 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBoth high and low molecular weight hyaluronan (HMW‐HA vs. LMW‐HA) exist in various tissues and cells. In this study, we investigated LMW‐HA‐mediated CD44 interaction with Toll‐like receptors (TLRs), the actin filament‐associated protein (AFAP‐110), and a myeloid differentiation factor (MyD88) in breast tumor cells (MDA‐MB‐231 cells). Our data indicate that LMW‐HA (but not HMW‐HA) preferentially stimulates a physical association between CD44 and TLRs followed by a concomitant recruitment of AFAP‐110 and MyD88 into receptor‐containing complexes in breast tumor cells. LMW‐HA‐activated AFAP‐110 then binds to filamentous actin (F‐actin) resulting in MyD88/nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) nuclear translocation, NF‐κB‐specific transcription, and target gene [interleukine 1β and interleukine‐8 (IL‐1β and IL‐8)] expression. These signaling events lead to proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine production in the breast tumor cells. AFAP‐110‐F‐actin (activated by LMW‐HA) also promotes tumor cell invasion. Downregulation of AFAP‐110 or MyD88 by transfecting breast tumor cells with AFAP‐110 siRNA or MyD88 siRNA, respectively not only blocks the ability of LMW‐HA to stimulate AFAP‐110‐actin function, but also impairs MyD88‐NF‐κB nuclear translocation and NF‐κB transcriptional activation. Consequently, both IL‐1β/IL‐8 production and tumor cell invasion are impaired. Taken together, these findings suggest that LMW‐HA plays an important role in CD44‐TLR‐associated AFAP‐110‐actin interaction and MyD88‐NF‐κB signaling required for tumor cell behaviors, which may contribute to the progression of breast cancer. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Performance analysis for relay networks with hierarchical support vector machines
Authors: Liu Bao Yuan , Feng Vin Sen , Chang Shih Yu 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYIn this paper, we consider a cooperative relay scheme for a mobile network with MIMO technology. The channel capacity for two well‐known relaying schemes are investigated: analogue relaying (amplify and forward) and digital relaying (decode and forward) from a mobile device to the base station through a relay node. In order to further increase the channel capacity, we propose an efficient hierarchical procedure based on support vector machine, namely hierarchical support vector machines (HSVM), to estimate the wireless networks condition approximately and design two ways (matched filter and minimum mean square error filter) of increasing the channel capacity according to the estimated wireless network condition. The proposed HSVM can estimate the wireless networks condition in much shorter time compared with the traditional minimum mean square error scheme without incurring much estimation error, which is spatial, useful for delay sensitive communication. For digital relaying, the effect of imperfect channel decode is also addressed. Our numerical results demonstrate the reduction of estimation complexity by adopting HSVM and the significant improvement of network capacity by applying the matched filter weight at relay nodes according to the network estimation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NHERF1 regulates gp120‐induced internalization and signaling by CCR5, and HIV‐1 production
Authors: Kuang Yi‐Qun , Pang Wei , Zheng Yong‐Tang , Dupré Denis J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe scaffolding protein Na+/H+exchanger regulator factor 1 (NHERF1) plays an important role in the trafficking of G protein‐coupled receptors. We previously demonstrated that NHERF1 is involved in chemokine receptor CCR5 homodimer internalization and signal transduction. Given the importance of CCR5 internalization during HIV‐1 infection, we evaluated NHERF1's contribution in HIV‐1 infection. We challenged human osteosarcoma cells coexpressing CD4 and CCR5 cells expressing either NHERF1 fragment domains or WT NHERF1 with an HIV‐1 strain to examine the effects of NHERF1 on HIV‐1 entry and replication. WT NHERF1 potentiates HIV‐1 envelope gp120‐induced CCR5 internalization, and promotes the replication of HIV‐1. In order to better understand how NHERF1 affects signal transduction, different domains of NHERF1 were overexpressed in cells to analyze their effect on the different signaling pathways. Here, we show that NHERF1 can associate with CCR5, and promote activation of the gp120‐induced MAPK/ERK, focal adhesion kinase and RhoA (Ras homolog gene family member A) signaling pathways. NHERF1 overexpression also increases HIV‐1 host cell migration triggered by gp120 via focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling. Finally, NHERF1 enhanced actin filament rearrangement in host cells, an important step in post‐entry HIV‐1 replication events. While postsynaptic density 95/disk‐large/zonula occludens 2 (PDZ2) appears to be the major contributor in those events, other domains also participate in the regulation of gp120‐induced signaling pathways. Altogether, our results suggest a very important role of the scaffold NHERF1 in the regulation of HIV‐1 entry and replication.
[Zn(C3H3N2)(C3H2N2–N=N–C6H5)], a Mixed‐Linker ZIF Containing a Photo­switchable Phenylazo Group
Authors: Bernt Stephan , Feyand Mark , Modrow Antje , Wack Julia , Senker Jürgen , Stock Norbert 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe report the synthesis and characterization of the new switchable Zn‐based zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) [Zn(Im)(aIm)] (1). The high‐throughput investigation of the mixed linker system Zn2+/imidazole (HIm)/2‐phenylazoimidazole (HaIm)/DMF at 85 °C led to 1, which is isostructural to ZIF‐8 and crystallizes in a sodalite (SOD)‐type structure. The preparation was also studied with microwave‐assisted heating and ultrasound‐assisted synthesis. The crystal structure was determined from single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction data. Although Im– and aIm– ions are present in a 1:1 molar ratio, no ordering of the 2‐phenylazo group was observed. Incorporation of the Im– and aIm– linkers as an integral part of the framework structure was confirmed by elemental analysis, 13C and 15N MAS NMR, IR and Raman spectroscopy. In addition, the permanent porosity of 1 was demonstrated by N2 sorption experiments and a specific surface area of SBET = 580 m2 g–1 is observed. The photoswitching properties were investigated by UV/Vis spectroscopy as the cis and trans isomers exhibit different UV absorption spectra. Switching can be achieved by irradiation with UV light (λ = 355 nm), and back‐switching using visible light (λ = 525 nm). Although changes in the UV/Vis spectra are detected, the switching process is only partially reversible.