bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence of Sudden Cardiac Death in National Collegiate Athletic Association Athletes
Authors: Harmon Kimberly G. , Asif Irfan M. , Klossner David , Drezner Jonathan A. 
Published: April 2011

Background—
The true incidence of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in US athletes is unknown. Current estimates are based largely on case identification through public media reports and estimated participation rates. The purpose of this study was to more precisely estimate the incidence of SCD in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) student-athletes and assess the accuracy of traditional methods for collecting data on SCD.

Methods and Results—
From January 2004 through December 2008, all cases of sudden death in NCAA student-athletes were identified by use of an NCAA database, weekly systematic search of public media reports, and catastrophic insurance claims. During the 5-year period, there were 273 deaths and a total of 1 969 663 athlete participant-years. Of these 273 deaths, 187 (68%) were due to nonmedical or traumatic causes, 80 (29%) to medical causes, and 6 (2%) to unknown causes. Cardiovascular-related sudden death was the leading cause of death in 45 (56%) of 80 medical cases, and represented 75% of sudden deaths during exertion. The incidence of SCD was 1:43 770 participants per year. Among NCAA Division I male basketball players, the rate of SCD was 1:3100 per year. Thirty-nine (87%) of the 45 cardiac cases were identified in the NCAA database, only 25 (56%) by use of public media reports, and 9 (20%) from catastrophic claims data.

Conclusions—
SCD is the leading medical cause of death and death during exercise in NCAA student-athletes. Current methods of data collection underestimate the risk of SCD. Accurate assessment of SCD incidence is necessary to shape appropriate health policy decisions and develop effective strategies for prevention.
Quality of life impairment, disability and economic burden associated with chronic daily headache, focusing on chronic migraine with or without medication overuse: A systematic review
Authors: Lantéri-Minet Michel , Duru Gérard , Mudge Mia , Cottrell Suzi 
Published: April 2011

Objective: To evaluate the evidence for quality of life (QoL) impairment, disability, healthcare resource use and economic burden associated with chronic daily headache (CDH), focusing on chronic migraine (CM) with or without medication overuse. Methods: A systematic review and qualitative synthesis of studies of patients/subjects with CDH that included CM, occurring on at least 15 days per month. Main findings: Thirty-four studies were included for review (25 studies of patients and nine of subjects from the general population). CDH and CDH with medication overuse headache (MOH) were consistently associated with a lower QoL compared to control or episodic headache (EH) and CDH without MOH. CDH was consistently associated with greater disability and productivity loss, more consultations, more or longer hospitalizations and higher direct costs than EH. Data were not amenable to statistical pooling. Principal conclusions: The findings of this review underline the detriment to QoL and the disabling nature of CDH, and in particular CM and CDH with MOH, and negative impact on workplace productivity compared to other types of headache.
A prospective polysomnographic study on the evolution of complex sleep apnoea
Authors: Cassel W. , Canisius S. , Becker H.F. , Leistner S. , Ploch T. , Jerrentrup A. , Vogelmeier C. , Koehler U. , Heitmann J. 
Published: April 2011

Complex sleep apnoea (CompSA) may be observed following continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment.In a prospective study, 675 obstructive sleep apnoea patients (mean age 55.9 yrs; 13.9% female) participated. Full-night polysomnography was performed at diagnosis, during the first night with stable CPAP and after 3 months of CPAP.12.2% (82 out of 675 patients) had initial CompSA. 28 of those were lost to follow-up. Only 14 out of the remaining 54 patients continued to satisfy criteria for CompSA at follow-up. 16 out of 382 patients not initially diagnosed with CompSA exhibited novel CompSA after 3 months. 30 (6.9%) out of 436 patients had follow-up CompSA. Individuals with CompSA were 5 yrs older and 40% had coronary artery disease. At diagnosis, they had similar sleep quality but more central and mixed apnoeas. On the first CPAP night and at follow-up, sleep quality was impaired (more wakefulness after sleep onset) for patients with CompSA. Sleepiness was improved with CPAP, and was similar for patients with or without CompSA at diagnosis and follow-up.CompSA is not stable over time and is mainly observed in predisposed patients on nights with impaired sleep quality. It remains unclear to what extent sleep impairment is cause or effect of CompSA.
Otalgia and eschar in the external auditory canal in scrub typhus complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ failure
Authors: Lee Bor-Jen , Chen Chia-Yi , Hu Sung-Yuan , Tsan Yu-Tse , Lin Tzu-Chieh , Wang Lee-Min 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Background
Scrub typhus, a mite-transmitted zoonosis caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, is an endemic disease in Taiwan and may be potentially fatal if diagnosis is delayed.

Case presentations
We encountered a 23-year-old previously healthy Taiwanese male soldier presenting with the right ear pain after training in the jungle and an eleven-day history of intermittent high fever up to 39°C. Amoxicillin/clavulanate was prescribed for otitis media at a local clinic. Skin rash over whole body and abdominal cramping pain with watery diarrhea appeared on the sixth day of fever. He was referred due to progressive dyspnea and cough for 4 days prior to admission in our institution. On physical examination, there were cardiopulmonary distress, icteric sclera, an eschar in the right external auditory canal and bilateral basal rales. Laboratory evaluation revealed thrombocytopenia, elevation of liver function and acute renal failure. Chest x-ray revealed bilateral diffuse infiltration. Doxycycline was prescribed for scrub typhus with acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ failure. Fever subsided dramatically the next day and he was discharged on day 7 with oral tetracycline for 7 days.

Conclusion
Scrub typhus should be considered in acutely febrile patients with multiple organ involvement, particularly if there is an eschar or a history of environmental exposure in endemic areas. Rapid and accurate diagnosis, timely administration of antibiotics and intensive supportive care are necessary to decrease mortality of serious complications of scrub typhus.
Regulation of β-catenin by t-DARPP in upper gastrointestinal cancer cells
Authors: Vangamudi Bhavatarini , Zhu Shoumin , Soutto Mohammed , Belkhiri Abbes , El-Rifai Wael 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackgroundTruncated dopamine and cyclic-AMP-regulated phosphoprotein (t-DARPP) is frequently overexpressed in gastrointestinal malignancies. In this study, we examined the role of t-DARPP in regulating β-catenin.ResultsThe pTopFlash construct that contains multiple TCF/LEF-binding sites was used as a measure of β-catenin/TCF transcription activity. Gastric (AGS, MKN28) and esophageal (FLO-1) adenocarcinoma cancer cell lines that lack t-DARPP expression were utilized to establish stable and transientin vitroexpression models of t-DARPP. The expression of t-DARPP led to a significant induction of the pTOP reporter activity, indicative of activation of β-catenin/TCF nuclear signaling. Immunofluorescence assays supported this finding and showed accumulation and nuclear translocation of β-catenin in cells expressing t-DARPP. These cells had a significant increase in their proliferative capacity and demonstrated up-regulation of two transcription targets of β-catenin/TCF: Cyclin D1 and c-MYC. Because phosphorylated GSK-3β is inactive and loses its ability to phosphorylate β-catenin and target it towards degradation by the proteasome, we next examined the levels of phospho-GSK-3β. These results demonstrated an increase in phospho-GSK-3β and phospho-AKT. The knockdown of endogenous t-DARPP in MKN45 cancer cells demonstrated a reversal of the signaling events. To examine whether t-DARPP mediated GSK-3β phosphorylation in an AKT-dependent manner, we used a pharmacologic inhibitor of PI3K/AKT, LY294002, in cancer cells expressing t-DARPP. This treatment abolished the phosphorylation of AKT and GSK-3β leading to a reduction in β-catenin, Cyclin D1, and c-MYC protein levels.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate, for the first time, that t-DARPP regulates β-catenin/TCF activity, thereby implicating a novel oncogenic signaling in upper gastrointestinal cancers.
Molecular epidemiology of chicken anemia virus in commercial farms in China
Authors: Eltahir Yassir M , Qian Kun , Jin Wenjie , Wang Pingping , Qin Aijian 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Background
Chicken anemia virus (CAV) is the causative agent of chicken infectious anemia (CIA). A high prevalence of CAV has been reported in China. However, VP1 sequences of Chinese isolates show no clear genotype clustering or correlation with geographic origin. Therefore, the present study aimed to detect and characterize CAV isolates from China based on sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the VP1, VP2 and VP3 genes.

Results
Of 460 spleen samples tested by PCR, 47 (10.22%) were found to be positive for CAV. A total of 25 CAV, approximately full genomes, from different commercial farms were characterized. Phylogenetic analysis of the Chinese CAV sequences together with strains from different countries resulted in four distinct groups (A-D) with significant high bootstrap values. The Chinese viral sequences were located as four different clusters within groups A and D. All the Chinese CAV genomes characterized in this study had glutamine (Q) at amino acid position 394, which indicated that all are highly pathogenic. Mutations associated with attenuation and weaker reactivity with monoclonal antibody 2A9 were absent in the Chinese sequences.

Conclusions
We revealed that CAV prevalence was lower than that reported previously in commercial farms in China. We also showed four distinct sequence groups (A-D), and genetic variability in local CAV sequences that could be divided into four groups based on phylogenetic analysis.
Salvage living donor liver transplantation after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for recurrent Budd-Chiari syndrome: a case report
Authors: Shirai Yusaku , Yoshiji Hitoshi , Ko Saiho , Yamazaki Masaharu , Ikenaka Yasuhide , Noguchi Ryuichi , Morioka Chie , Kaji Kosuke , Aihara Yosuke , Nakanishi Keisuke , Yamao Junichi , Toyohara Masahisa , Mitoro Akira , Sawai Masayoshi , Yoshida Motoyuki , Fujimoto Masao , Uemura Masahito , Nakajima Yoshiyuki , Fukui Hiroshi 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Introduction
Budd-Chiari syndrome is a very rare pathological entity that ultimately leads to liver failure. Several therapeutic modalities, including percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, have been attempted to save the life of patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome. Few reports have described a salvage living donor liver transplantation performed after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in a patient with acute Budd-Chiari syndrome.

Case presentation
A 26-year-old Japanese man developed severe progressive manifestations, such as massive ascites and hematemesis due to rupture of esophageal varices. After making several investigations, we diagnosed the case as Budd-Chiari syndrome. We first performed percutaneous transluminal angioplasty to dilate a short-segment stenosis of his inferior vena cava. The first percutaneous transluminal angioplasty greatly improved the clinical manifestations. However, after a year, re-stenosis was detected, and a second percutaneous transluminal angioplasty failed to open the severe stricture of his inferior vena cava. Since our patient had manifestations of acute liver failure, we decided to perform salvage living donor liver transplantation from his brother. The transplantation was successfully performed and all clinical manifestations were remarkably alleviated.

Conclusion
In cases of recurrent Budd-Chiari syndrome, the blocked hepatic venous outflow is not always relieved, even with invasive therapies. We have to take into account the possibility of adopting alternative salvage therapies if the first therapeutic modalities fail. When invasive therapy such as percutaneous transluminal angioplasty fails, liver transplantation should be considered as an alternative option.
Osthole induces G2/M arrest and apoptosis in lung cancer A549 cells by modulating PI3K/Akt pathway
Authors: Xu Xiaoman , Zhang Yi , Qu Dan , Jiang Tingshu , Li Shengqi 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Background
To explore the effects of Osthole on the proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis of human lung cancer A549 cells.

Methods
Human lung cancer A549 cells were treated with Osthole at different concentrations. Cell proliferation was measured using the MTT assay. Cell cycle was evaluated using DNA flow cytometry analysis. Induction of apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy. The expressions of Cyclin B1, p-Cdc2, Bcl-2, Bax, t-Akt and p-Akt were evaluated by Western blotting.

Results
Osthole inhibited the growth of human lung cancer A549 cells by inducing G2/M arrest and apoptosis. Western blotting demonstrated that Osthole down-regulated the expressions of Cyclin B1, p-Cdc2 and Bcl-2 and up-regulated the expressions of Bax in A549 cells. Inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was also observed after treating A549 cells with Osthole.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that Osthole may have a therapeutic application in the treatment of human lung cancer.
Parents' Roles in Decision Making for Children With Cancer in the First Year of Cancer Treatment
Authors: Mack Jennifer W. , Wolfe Joanne , Cook E. Francis , Grier Holcombe E. , Cleary Paul D. , Weeks Jane C. 
Published: April 2011

Purpose To evaluate the extent to which parents of children with cancer are involved in decision making in the ways they prefer during the first year of treatment. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 194 parents of children with cancer (response rate, 70%) in their first year of cancer treatment at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Children's Hospital (Boston, MA) and the children's physicians. We measured parents' preferred and actual roles in decision making and physician perceptions of parents' preferred roles. Results Most parents (127 of 192; 66%) wanted to share responsibility for decision making with their children's physician. Although most parents (122 of 192; 64%) reported that they had their preferred role in decision making, those who did not tended to have more passive roles than they wished (47 of 70; 67%; P < .001). Parents were no more likely to hold their ideal roles in decision making when the physician accurately identified the parents' preferred role (odds ratio [OR], 1.04; P = .92). Parents were less likely to hold more passive roles than they wished in decision making when they felt that physician communication (OR, 0.39; P = .04) and information received (OR, 0.45; P = .04) had been of high quality. Parents who held more passive roles than they wished in decision making were less likely to trust their physicians' judgments (OR, 0.46; P = .03). Conclusion Most parents of children in their first year of cancer treatment participate in decision making to the extent that they wish; although, nearly one fourth hold more passive roles than desired. High-quality physician communication is associated with attainment of one's preferred role.
Platinum Metals in the Catalytic Asymmetric Isomerization of Allylic Alcohols
Authors: Mantilli Luca , Mazet Clément 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Past and recent advances in the metal-catalyzed asymmetric isomerization of allylic alcohols into carbonyl compounds are discussed in the present Highlight. Emphasis is placed on rhodium, ruthenium, and iridium; the only three metals that have proven successful to date for this most challenging transformation.
Microwave Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of Ultrafine SnO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Yoshinaga Masashi , Kijima Norihito , Wakahara Sonoko , Akimoto Junji 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Ultrafine SnO2 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by microwave heating. Transmission electron microscopy images revealed that the size of primary particles of the synthesized SnO2 was around 5 nm. The SnO2 nanoparticles worked as a rechargeable electrode material, and the initial lithium insertion capacity of the SnO2 nanoparticles was 1670 mA h g−1 which is significantly larger than that of a specimen synthesized by conventional method.
Characterization of Medication Discrepancies Occurring at the Time of Discharge from an Adult State Psychiatric Inpatient Facility
Authors: Nelson Leigh Anne , Graham Maqual R. , Schaefer Monica G. 
Published: April 2011

Purpose To retrospectively measure the frequency of medication discrepancies occurring at hospital discharge and to characterize these discrepancies. Methods All consecutive discharges from an adult state psychiatric hospital with a length of stay ≥2 days were retrospectively evaluated for medication discrepancies occurring at the time of discharge. The content of the handwritten discharge plan was compared to the medication administration record from the last day of admission to identify medication discharge discrepancies. The primary endpoint was to determine the number of patients with a medication discharge discrepancy (MDD). Secondary objectives were to characterize the MDD by type of discrepancy and medication class (psychiatric vs nonpsychiatric). Results From October 1, 2008 to December 31, 2008, 205 patients were screened for eligibility; 163 patients were included. Thirty-eight patients (23.3%) had at least 1 MDD, with 10 (26.3%) of these patients having >1 MDD (range, 2-6). Characterization of the MDDs determined that 63.2% of the discrepancies occurred because a scheduled medication was omitted on the discharge plan whereas 36.8% were due to a dosing discrepancy. MDDs occurred at a similar rate for both classes of medications (ie, psychiatric and nonpsychiatric), but omission discrepancies occurred more commonly with nonpsychiatric medications and dosing discrepancies occurred more commonly with psychiatric medications. Conclusions Medication discrepancies occur commonly on hospital discharge. Understanding the frequency and types of MDDs occurring at this interface of care can assist in the development of more effective and targeted medication reconciliation procedures.
Diabetes in acromegaly, prevalence, risk factors, and evolution: data from the French Acromegaly Registry
Authors: Fieffe Sandrine , Morange Isabelle , Petrossians Patrick , Chanson Philippe , Rohmer Vincent , Cortet Christine , Borson-Chazot Françoise , Brue Thierry , Delemer Brigitte , _ _ 
Published: April 2011

ObjectivesThe French Acromegaly Registry records data of acromegalic patients' since 1992 in French, Belgian (Liège), and Swiss (Lausanne) centers. We studied the prevalence of diabetes in this population looking for risk factors. Patients from one of the centers (Reims) were then analyzed more thoroughly.MethodsThis study has been conducted on all the patients recorded from 1999 until 2004 (519 patients). Evolution of cohorts' was reassessed in 2009. Of the different variables recorded in the registry: age, sex, body mass index (BMI), duration of acromegaly, GH, IGF1 and prolactin levels, pituitary tumor size, hormonal deficiencies, presence, duration and treatment of diabetes, hypertension, and rheumatological disease were analyzed.ResultsThe prevalence of diabetes in the registry was 22.3%. Diabetic patients were older and had a higher BMI. Compared with the data of the French Social Security, acromegalic patients showed a more precocious apparition of diabetes and prevalence was higher in each age group.Compared with non-diabetic acromegalic subjects, diabetic patients had a more prolonged evolution of acromegaly before diagnosis. The levels of GH and IGF1 were not significantly different between the two groups. Only hypertension was significantly more frequent in diabetic patients.ConclusionsIn our population, the prevalence of diabetes was estimated to be 22.3%. The GH and IGF1 levels did not appear as predictive factors for the presence of diabetes. On the contrary, age, BMI, and hypertension were significant risk factors as in the general population of type 2 diabetics.
Association of Neck Circumference With Perioperative Adverse Respiratory Events in Children
Authors: Nafiu Olubukola O. , Burke Constance C. , Gupta Ruchika , Christensen Robert , Reynolds Paul I. , Malviya Shobha 
Published: April 2011

OBJECTIVE:
The purpose of this investigation was to examine the association of neck circumference (NC) with perioperative respiratory adverse events in children undergoing elective noncardiac surgery, a relationship that has not been previously characterized.

METHODS:
Using a prospective, observational design, we studied children aged 6 to 18 years undergoing elective noncardiac surgeries at our institution. Trained research assistants collected clinical (including perioperative adverse events) and anthropometric data from all subjects. Patients were stratified into 2 classes: high NC versus low NC on the basis of age- and gender-specific receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Subsequently, univariate factors associated with high NC were explored, and odds ratios for the occurrence of perioperative adverse events were then calculated from logistic regression after controlling for clinically relevant cofactors.

RESULTS:
Among the 1102 patients, the prevalence of high NC was 24.3%. NC was positively correlated with age and other anthropometric parameters. Children with high NC were more likely to be loud snorers and have a history of bronchial asthma, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes. Composite adverse airway events were more frequent in children with a large NC. There was no significant association between high NC and difficult laryngoscopy in our study population.

CONCLUSIONS:
NC was positively correlated with other indices of obesity in children, and large NC (indicative of central obesity) was associated with some adverse respiratory events in these children undergoing noncardiac surgery. NC could be a useful clinical screening tool for the occurrence of perioperative adverse respiratory events in children.