bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RESTORATION‐BASED COMPENSATION MEASURES IN NATURAL RESOURCE LIABILITY STATUTES
Authors: JONES CAROL A. , PEASE KATHERINE A. 
Published: January 2010

In the past two decades, the U.S. Congress has passed several major environmental statutes that designate natural resource management agencies as trustees of the resources on behalf of the public and that allow the trustees to recover damages for injuries to public resources from releases of hazardous substances and discharges of oil.The standard measure of damages in the various statutes is the cost of restoring the resources to baseline conditions (“primary restoration”) plus the interim loss in alue from the time of the incident until full recovery from the injuries. However, trustees are allowed to spend their damage recoveries only on enhancing or creating (“restoring, rehabilitating, replacing or acquiring the equivalent of”) natural resources. The statutory restriction on the use of the recoveries has motivated the development of an alternative measure of damages for interim losses—the cost of “compensatory restoration” actions providing in‐kind compensation—which the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) incorporated in its 1996 regulations implementing the natural resource liability provisions of the Oil Pollution Act (OPA).This analysis first identifies the statutory measure of damages and the traditional framing of damages for interim losses (monetary compensation). It then defines an alternative utility‐theoretic measure of resource compensation and identifies alter‐native methods of implementation.
THE FIFTH ASIAN DRAGON: SOURCES OF GROWTH IN GUANGDONG, 1979–1994
Authors: YUEN CHI‐WA 
Published: January 2010

This paper presents a growth accounting exercise to uncover the sources of spectacular growth in the Guangdong Province in China, the so‐called “Fifth Dragon” in Asia, for the post‐open‐door period 1979–1994. A large fraction of Guangdong's output growth cannot be attributed to the growth in its capital and labor inputs. Of the unexplained residuals, foreign direct investment is a significant growth‐spurring engine while export expansion is not. In this sense, China's open door policy did not generate export‐led growth although it did stimulate capital accumulation through the importation of foreign capital.“East Asia has a remarkable record of high and sustained economic growth. From 1965 to 1990 the twenty‐three economies of East Asia grew faster than all other regions of the world…. Most of this achievement is attributable to seemingly miraculous growth in just eight economies: Japan; the ‘Four Tigers’—Hong Kong, the Republic of Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan, China; and three newly industrializing economies (NIEs) of Southeast Asia, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand….”
A Web Site That Provides Resources for Assessing Students' Statistical Literacy, Reasoning and Thinking
Authors: Garfield Joan , DelMas Robert 
Published: January 2010

SummaryThe Assessment Resource Tools for Improving Statistical Thinking (ARTIST) Web site was developed to provide high‐quality assessment resources for faculty who teach statistics at the tertiary level but resources are also useful to statistics teachers at the secondary level. This article describes some of the numerous ARTIST resources and suggests ways teachers may use these assessment resources.
Late recurrence (10 years or more) of malignant melanoma in south‐east Germany (Saxony) A single‐centre analysis of 1881 patients with a follow‐up of 10 years or more
Authors: Hansel G , Schönlebe J , Haroske G , Wollina U 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackground  Late recurrent melanoma (MM) is rare.Objective  In the present study, we analysed the frequency of late recurrent MM in south‐eastern Germany.Patients and methods  In our centre, 2314 MM patients were documented (1972–2001). A total of 1881 patients in stage I or II (AJCC) with a follow‐up of ≥10 years were selected and screened for late recurrence (≥10 years after diagnosis).Results  Twenty patients were identified (1.1%), 13 women and 7 men, median age 44 years (age range 30–74 years). Nineteen suffered from cutaneous MM and one had a uveal MM (excluded from further analysis). The primary cutaneous MM occurred on the trunk (6), on the upper limb/shoulder (4), or on the lower limb (9). MM type was superficial spreading (13), nodular (2), acrolentiginous (1), lentigo maligna‐type (1) or unclassified (2). Tumour thickness varied from 0.33 mm to 9.5 mm (median 2.0 mm). Ulceration was seen in four, and spontaneous regression in two MM patients. Invasiveness into blood or lymphatic vessels occurred in seven MM patients. The largest period from primary diagnosis to recurrence was 25.1 years with a median of 13.9 years. Metastatic spread was loco‐regional (12 patients) or distant (7). Four patients were survivors and three of these had in‐transit metastases only. Overall survival was 14.7 ± 6.6 years. Statistical analysis could not identify factors significantly associated with late recurrence.Conclusions  Late recurrence is a clinical sign of melanoma dormancy. We conclude that late recurrences argue for a lifelong follow‐up of melanoma patients.
The association between Mycoplasma genitalium and pelvic inflammatory disease after termination of pregnancy
Authors: Bjartling C , Osser S , Persson K 
Published: January 2010

Please cite this paper as: Bjartling C, Osser S, Persson K. The association between Mycoplasma genitalium and pelvic inflammatory disease after termination of pregnancy. BJOG 2010;117:361–364.The prevalence and complications of Mycoplasma genitalium and Chlamydia trachomatis infections among women undergoing termination of pregnancy were studied in this nested case–control study at Malmo University Hospital, Sweden, during 2003 to 2007. The study comprised 2079 women presenting for termination of pregnancy. Forty‐nine women with M. genitalium infection and 51 women with C. trachomatis infection, together with 168 negative control women, were evaluated. The prevalences of M. genitalium and C. trachomatis were 2.5% and 2.8%, respectively. The M. genitalium was strongly associated with post‐termination pelvic inflammatory disease (odds ratio 6.29, 95% CI 1.56–25.2). The increased risk for pelvic inflammatory disease associated with M. genitalium infection after termination of pregnancy suggests a causal relationship.
Cardiac arrest in pregnancy: increasing use of perimortem caesarean section due to emergency skills training?
Authors: Dijkman A , Huisman CMA , Smit M , Schutte JM , Zwart JJ , van Roosmalen JJ , Oepkes D 
Published: January 2010

Please cite this paper as: Dijkman A, Huisman C, Smit M, Schutte J, Zwart J, van Roosmalen J, Oepkes D. Cardiac arrest in pregnancy: increasing use of perimortem caesarean section due to emergency skills training? BJOG 2010;117:282–287.Objective  Management of cardiac arrest in pregnancy is recommended to include perimortem caesarean section (PMCS) in the Managing Obstetric Emergencies and Trauma (MOET) course. In this study, we aimed to assess maternal and neonatal outcome of all cases of PMCS in the Netherlands performed in the last 15 years, and to test the hypothesis that PMCS was used more often since the introduction of the MOET‐course in 2004.Design  Retrospective cohort study.Setting  Nationwide assessment of all cases of PMCS inside or outside hospitals.Population  All known cases of PMCS in the Netherlands from 1993 to 2008.Methods  Data collection through contacting all Dutch obstetricians and all MOET and Advanced Trauma Life Support instructors. All cases of cardiac arrest during pregnancy were collected by cross‐checking with data from the Dutch Maternal Mortality Committee and a nationwide severe maternal morbidity study.Main outcome measures  Incidence and case fatality rate of PMCS. Incidence of PMCS before and after introduction of the MOET course. Maternal and neonatal outcome and the process of the PMCS were analysed.Results  During the study period, 55 women had a cardiac arrest, 12 of whom underwent a PMCS. Before the introduction of the MOET course, four PMCSs were performed (0.36/year), compared with eight cases after its introduction (1.6/year, P = 0.01). No PMCS was performed within the recommended 5 minutes after starting resuscitation. Eight of the twelve women (67%) regained cardiac output after PMCS, with two maternal and five neonatal survivors. Maternal case fatality rate was 83%. Neonatal case fatality rate was 58%.Conclusions  Since the introduction of the MOET course, the use of PMCS has increased. Outcome, however, was still poor. An important factor to improve outcome is more timely application of this potentially life‐saving procedure.
Hydrogen sulfide as a gasotransmitter
Authors: Gadalla Moataz M. , Snyder Solomon H. 
Published: January 2010

J. Neurochem.(2010) 10.1111/j.1471‐4159.2010.06580.xAbstractNitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO) are well established as messenger molecules throughout the body, gasotransmitters, based on striking alterations in mice lacking the appropriate biosynthetic enzymes. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is even more chemically reactive, but until recently there was little definitive evidence for its physiologic formation. Cystathionine β‐synthase (EC 4.2.1.22), and cystathionine γ‐lyase (CSE; EC 4.4.1.1), also known as cystathionine, can generate H2S from cyst(e)ine. Very recent studies with mice lacking these enzymes have established that CSE is responsible for H2S formation in the periphery, while in the brain cystathionine β‐synthase is the biosynthetic enzyme. Endothelial‐derived relaxing factor activity is reduced 80% in the mesenteric artery of mice with deletion of CSE, establishing H2S as a major physiologic endothelial‐derived relaxing factor. H2S appears to signal predominantly byS‐sulfhydrating cysteines in its target proteins, analogous toS‐nitrosylation by NO. WhereasS‐nitrosylation typically inhibits enzymes,S‐sulfhydration activates them.S‐nitrosylation basally affects 1–2% of its target proteins, while 10–25% of H2S target proteins areS‐sulfhydrated. In summary, H2S appears to be a physiologic gasotransmitter of comparable importance to NO and carbon monoxide.
The neuron‐specific isoform of glycogen synthase kinase‐3β is required for axon growth
Authors: Castaño Zafira , Gordon‐Weeks Phillip R. , Kypta Robert M. 
Published: January 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 10.1111/j.1471‐4159.2010.06581.xAbstractGlycogen synthase kinase‐3 (GSK‐3) has become an important target for the treatment of mood disorders and neurodegenerative disease. It comprises three enzymes, GSK‐3α, β and the neuron‐specific isoform, β2. GSK‐3 regulates axon growth by phosphorylating microtubule‐associated proteins including Tau. A genetic polymorphism that leads to an increase in the ratio of GSK‐3β1 to GSK‐3β2 interacts with Tau haplotypes to modify disease risk in Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease. We have examined the roles of each isoform of GSK‐3 in neurons. Silencing of GSK‐3β2 inhibited retinoic acid‐induced neurite outgrowth in SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and axon growth in rat cortical neurons. Inhibition of neurite outgrowth was prevented by co‐expression of GSK‐3β2 but not by co‐expression of GSK‐3α or GSK‐3β1. Ectopic expression GSK‐3β2 enhanced the effects of retinoic acid on neurite length and induced neurite formation in the absence of retinoic acid. GSK‐3β2 phosphorylated Tau at a subset of those sites phosphorylated by GSK‐3β1. In addition, Axin, which regulates responses to Wnt signals, associated more readily with GSK‐3β1 than with GSK‐3β2. Our results suggest that GSK‐3 inhibitors that target the Axin‐binding site in GSK‐3 will preserve the beneficial effects of GSK‐3β2 on axon growth.
CREB activation mediates VEGF‐A’s protection of neurons and cerebral vascular endothelial cells
Authors: Lee Hsueh‐Te , Chang Ying‐Chao , Tu Yi‐Fang , Huang Chao‐Ching 
Published: January 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 10.1111/j.1471‐4159.2010.06584.xAbstractHypoxic ischemia (HI) in neonates causes significant neurodevelopmental sequelae. Pharmacological agents designed to target specific transcription factors expressed in neurons and vasculature may provide powerful therapy against HI. Vascular endothelial growth factor‐A (VEGF‐A) and cAMP response element‐binding protein (CREB) both underlie learning and memory, and survival of the nervous system. We examined whether CREB activation is a shared pathway underlying VEGF‐A’s protection in neurons and cerebral vascular endothelial cells. VEGF‐A was used in a HI model of rat pups and in oxygen‐glucose‐deprivation (OGD) models of immortalized H19‐7 neurons and b.End3 cerebral vascular endothelial cells. We found that VEGF‐A activated VEGF receptor‐2 (VEGFR‐2), phosphorylated CREB in neurons and endothelial cells, and protected against HI, and inhibiting VEGFR‐2 before VEGF‐A reduced the protective effect of VEGF‐A in rat pups. VEGF‐A also up‐regulated VEGFR‐2 and phosphorylated CREB, and protected H19‐7 neurons and b.End3 endothelial cells against OGD. Inhibiting VEGFR‐2 and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK), respectively, reduced VEGF‐A‐induced CREB phosphorylation and protection of H19‐7 and b.End3 cells against OGD. Transfecting H19‐7 and b.End3 cells with a serine‐133 phosphorylation mutant CREB also inhibited VEGF‐A’s protection of both types of cells. We conclude that CREB phosphorylation through VEGFR‐2/ERK signaling is the shared pathway that underlies VEGF‐A’s protection of neurons and vascular endothelial cells.
Exploring factors associated with traumatic dental injuries in preschool children: a Poisson regression analysis
Authors: Feldens Carlos Alberto , Kramer Paulo Floriani , Ferreira Simone Helena , Spiguel Mônica Hermann , Marquezan Marcela 
Published: January 2010

Abstract –  Objective:  This cross‐sectional study aimed to investigate the factors associated with dental trauma in preschool children using Poisson regression analysis with robust variance.Subjects and methods:  The study population comprised 888 children aged 3‐ to 5‐year‐old attending public nurseries in Canoas, southern Brazil. Questionnaires assessing information related to the independent variables (age, gender, race, mother’s educational level and family income) were completed by the parents. Clinical examinations were carried out by five trained examiners in order to assess traumatic dental injuries (TDI) according to Andreasen’s classification. One of the five examiners was calibrated to assess orthodontic characteristics (open bite and overjet). Multivariable Poisson regression analysis with robust variance was used to determine the factors associated with dental trauma as well as the strengths of association. Traditional logistic regression was also performed in order to compare the estimates obtained by both methods of statistical analysis.Results:  36.4% (323/888) of the children suffered dental trauma and there was no difference in prevalence rates from 3 to 5 years of age. Poisson regression analysis showed that the probability of the outcome was almost 30% higher for children whose mothers had more than 8 years of education (Prevalence Ratio = 1.28; 95% CI = 1.03–1.60) and 63% higher for children with an overjet greater than 2 mm (Prevalence Ratio = 1.63; 95% CI = 1.31–2.03). Odds ratios clearly overestimated the size of the effect when compared with prevalence ratios.Conclusions:  These findings indicate the need for preventive orientation regarding TDI, in order to educate parents and caregivers about supervising infants, particularly those with increased overjet and whose mothers have a higher level of education. Poisson regression with robust variance represents a better alternative than logistic regression to estimate the risk of dental trauma in preschool children.
An evaluation of the Periotest® method as a tool for monitoring tooth mobility in dental traumatology
Authors: Berthold Christine , Holst Stefan , Schmitt Johannes , Goellner Matthias , Petschelt Anselm 
Published: January 2010

Abstract –  Background/aim:  The Periotest® method is a technique for the objective assessment of tooth mobility. The aims of this study were to determine normal Periotest® values in the vertical and horizontal dimensions of periodontally healthy teeth in individuals aged 20–35 years and investigate the reliability of Periotest® in terms of intra‐series and inter‐series reproducibility before and after applying a dental trauma splint in vivo.Materials and methods:  Periotest® values were measured in periodontally healthy dental students (n = 33; mean age 24.7 years) at reproducible measuring points in the vertical and horizontal dimensions, before and after splint insertion. Three readings were taken per series to observe the intra‐series reproducibility; three series were measured to test inter‐series reproducibility (Friedman‐test; P ≤ 0.001). Two different wire‐composite splints, 0.45 mm Dentaflex and 0.8 × 1.8 Strengtheners, were inserted and the Periotest® values were measured.Results:  The median Periotest® values before splinting were: canines ‐2.5, lateral incisors ‐0.9, and central incisors 0.0 for the vertical dimension, and canines 1.1, lateral incisors 3.2, and central incisors 3.6 for the horizontal dimension. The intra‐series and inter‐series Periotest® values were highly reproducible.Conclusion:  The Periotest® method provides highly reproducible results. Focused on dental trauma, the method can be applied diagnostically during the splint and follow‐up period and for evaluating splint rigidity.
SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE FRACTIONATION OF PITHECELLOBIUM JIRINGAN JACK SEED COMPOSITIONS USING FAST GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY TIME OF FLIGHT MASS SPECTROMETRY
Authors: NORULAINI N.A. NIK , ZAIDUL I.S.M. , AZIZI C.Y. MOHD , ZHARI I. , NORAMIN M.N. , SAHENA F. , OMAR A.K. MOHD 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTThe volatile oil components of ground Pithecellobium jiringan seeds were fractionated using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO2) at 80C and 6,000 psi. The extract was collected every 20 min and the yield was successively extracted into five fractions; thus, the total extraction time was 100 min. The yields (volatile oils) were analyzed with fast gas chromatography/time of flight mass spectrometry (Fast GC‐MS‐TOF) and 55 components were identified. The major components were found to be fatty acids, ally sulfur, vitamin E, terpenoids, and flavonoid and alkaloid compounds. The major components were present at different percentages in each fraction, where some compounds were more dominant in fraction 1 and extracted in the first 20 min where others were more dominant in later fractions. However, the SC‐CO2 and GC‐MS‐TOF may be regarded as new analytical tools for the separation and identification of chemical components from P. jiringan jack seeds. Substances extracted from P. jiringan jack seeds could be evaluated for anti‐diabetic and anti‐hypertensive effects.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSPithecellobium jiringan seed was commonly consumed by Malaysians as raw vegetables dishes as appetizer. Traditionally, the use of raw vegetables is recommended for the prevention of diseases and for health care purposes. The selection of P. jiringan seeds as a material used in the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction is due to significance reasons. There is no in‐depth study on their valuable compounds, even though the use of P. jiringan seeds employed in traditional medicines is widespread among the local rural communities, especially for treatment of hypertension and diabetes. Hence, research studies on the chemical constituents and biological activities of this plant are needed. Because it is used in human consumption, a safe extraction technique as supercritical fluid technology is most apt for this research.
Resistance exercise increases leg muscle protein synthesis and mTOR signalling independent of sex
Authors: Dreyer H. C. , Fujita S. , Glynn E. L. , Drummond M. J. , Volpi E. , Rasmussen B. B. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAim:  Sex differences are evident in human skeletal muscle as the cross‐sectional area of individual muscle fibres is greater in men than in women. We have recently shown that resistance exercise stimulates mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling and muscle protein synthesis in humans during early post‐exercise recovery. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine if sex influences the muscle protein synthesis response during recovery from resistance exercise.Methods:  Seventeen subjects, nine male and eight female, were studied in the fasted state before, during and for 2 h following a bout of high‐intensity leg resistance exercise. Mixed muscle protein fractional synthetic rate was measured using stable isotope techniques and mTOR signalling was assessed by immunoblotting from repeated vastus lateralis muscle biopsy samples.Results:  Post‐exercise muscle protein synthesis increased by 52% in the men and by 47% in the women (P < 0.05) and was not different between groups (P > 0.05). Akt phosphorylation increased in both groups at 1 h post‐exercise (P < 0.05) and returned to baseline during 2 h post‐exercise with no differences between groups (P > 0.05). Phosphorylation of mTOR and its downstream effector S6K1 increased significantly and similarly between groups during post‐exercise recovery (P < 0.05). eEF2 phosphorylation decreased at 1‐ and 2 h post‐exercise (P < 0.05) to a similar extent in both groups.Conclusion:  The contraction‐induced increase in early post‐exercise mTOR signalling and muscle protein synthesis is independent of sex and appears to not play a role in the sexual dimorphism of leg skeletal muscle in young men and women.
Hypocretin/orexin and energy expenditure
Authors: Teske J. A. , Billington C. J. , Kotz C. M. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe hypocretins or orexins are endogenous neuropeptides synthesized in discrete lateral, perifornical and dorsal hypothalamic neurones. These multi‐functional neuropeptides modulate energy homeostasis, arousal, stress, reward, reproduction and cardiovascular function. This review summarizes the role of hypocretins in modulating non‐sleep‐related energy expenditure with specific focus on the augmentation of whole body energy expenditure as well as hypocretin‐induced physical activity and sympathetic outflow. We compare the efficacy of hypocretin‐1 and 2 on energy expenditure and evaluate whether the literature implicates hypocretin signalling though the hypocretin‐1 and ‐2 receptor as having shared and or functionally specific physiological effects. Thus far data suggest that hypocretin‐1 has a more robust stimulatory effect relative to hypocretin‐2. Furthermore, hypocretin‐1 receptor predominantly mediates behaviours known to influence energy expenditure. Further studies on the hypocretin‐2 receptor are needed.