bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome of Total Parathyroidectomy and Autotransplantation as Treatment of Secondary and Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism in Children and Adults
Authors: Kievit A. J. , Tinnemans J. G. M. , Idu M. M. , Groothoff J. W. , Surachno S. , Aronson D. C. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackgroundTreatment safety and effectiveness of total parathyroidectomy and autotransplantation for secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism have been extensively proven in adults; the evidence for children, however, is scarce. Children and adolescents cannot simply be seen as young adults in the case of chronic kidney disease and hyperparathyroidism. The aim of this retrospective study was therefore, to evaluate whether parathyroidectomy with forearm autograft is as effective and safe in children and adolescents as in adults.MethodsA group of 64 adults and 8 children and adolescents treated for secondary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism were retrieved from our database. The outcomes were compared on patient demographics, operation results, and blood parameters consisting of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcium levels. Our results were compared with all currently available articles on parathyroidectomy in children with secondary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism (n = 11).ResultsFor adults, preoperative mean serum calcium was 2.67 ± 0.29 mmol/l and mean parathyroid hormone (PTH) level was 120 ± 86 pmol/l. For children, preoperative mean serum calcium was 2.62 ± 0.20 mmol/l and mean parathyroid hormone (PTH) level was 80 ± 38 pmol/l. Postoperative calcium and parathyroid hormone levels for adults dropped to 2.39 ± 0.23 mmol/l and 30 ± 53 pmol/l, respectively. Postoperative calcium and parathyroid hormone levels for children dropped to 2.41 ± 0.16 mmol/l and 26 ± 33 pmol/l, respectively. The effectiveness of parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation was 75% in children and 72% in adults. Thus, effectiveness did not differ significantly between children and adults.ConclusionsCombining the results of our own study with a literature review on pediatric parathyroidectomy, we conclude that parathyroidectomy and forearm autograft is as effective a treatment for secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism in children and adolescents as it is in adults.
Clinical Significance of B7‐H1 and B7‐1 Expressions in Pancreatic Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Liancai , Ma Qingyong , Chen Xiangli , Guo Kun , Li Junhui , Zhang Min 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackgroundCancer cells develop mechanisms to evade immune cells and achieve progression. Aberrant B7‐H1 and B7‐1 expressions may help pancreatic carcinoma (PC) cells escape immune attack; these molecules can be considered as prognostic markers for patients with PC who have undergone radical resection.MethodsWe recruited 81 patients who had undergone radical surgical resection for PC between 1999 and 2007. To investigate the prognostic factors, we evaluated the B7‐H1 and B7‐1 protein expressions in the tissue specimens of these 81 patients by immunohistochemistry and analyzed the clinical and pathological features of these specimens.ResultsB7‐H1 was expressed mainly in pancreatic islets, and no B7‐1 expression was detected in normal pancreatic tissues. B7‐H1 and B7‐1 expressions were higher in pancreatic carcinoma tissues than in normal pancreatic tissues (P < 0.05). B7‐H1 and B7‐1 significantly correlated with the pathological grade and tumor‐node‐metastasis (TNM) stage, respectively (P < 0.05). Furthermore, B7‐1‐negative or B7‐H1‐positive statuses were prognostic indicators of poor disease‐specific survival (P < 0.05), but only combined B7‐1/B7‐H1 expression retained the prognostic potential after adjusting by Cox proportional hazards regression models (P < 0.05).ConclusionsBoth B7‐H1 and B7‐1 are expressed in PC; these molecules are important markers for PC progression. Furthermore, combined B7‐1/B7‐H1 expression can serve as an independent prognostic marker for PC.
Different Sites and Prognoses of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors of the Stomach: Report of 187 Cases
Authors: Huang Hai , Liu Yan‐Xue , Zhan Zhong‐Li , Liang Han , Wang Pu , Ren Xiu‐Bao 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe stomach is the most common site of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), but the clinical behavior of gastric GISTs at different sites is unclear. This study was designed to evaluate the clinicopathological (CP) parameters and influence of different gastric sites on outcome in patients with GIST.MethodsThe CP and follow‐up records of 187 patients with GIST who were treated at TianJin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital between January 1985 and December 2006 were reviewed. There were 97 men and 90 women (aged 17–88 (median, 56.5) years). CP factors were assessed for overall survival (OS) by using univariate and multivariate analysis.ResultsThe numbers of cases of upper, middle, and lower third gastric GISTs were 69 (36.9%), 103 (55.1%), and 15 (8%), respectively. Sites of GISTs in the middle or upper stomach, tumor size, intermediate‐ or high‐risk groups, high mitotic count, and low resection status were associated with poor OS (p = 0.041, 0.046, 0.006, 0.000, 0.000, respectively) in a univariate analysis. In a multivariate analysis, tumor location in the upper and middle third of the stomach (p = 0.035), an intermediate or high risk (p = 0.01), and incomplete resection status (p = 0.006) were predictive of poor OS.ConclusionsPatients in intermediate‐ and high‐risk groups had an unfavorable outcome. A complete resection is the most important treatment for survival. The location of GIST in the lower third of the stomach may be a favorable factor, and the significance of different tumor sites for prognosis of gastric GISTs needs to be further clarified.
The Antioxidant Functions of Tocopherol and Tocotrienol Homologues in Oils, Fats, and Food Systems
Authors: Seppanen Christine M. , Song Qinghua , Saari Csallany A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis review paper is focused on the relative antioxidant activities of tocopherols and tocotrienols in oils and fats and certain food systems. α‐Tocopherol generally showed better antioxidant activity than γ‐tocopherol in fats and oils, but at higher concentrations γ‐tocopherol was found to be a more active antioxidant. The results of studies on the optimum antioxidant concentrations of tocopherols in oils and fats indicated that the optimal level for α‐tocopherol is usually lower than other tocopherols, meaning less α‐tocopherol is needed for maximum antioxidant protection. There are comparatively very few studies related to the antioxidant activities of tocotrienols in oils and fats. It has been stated that generally γ‐tocotrienol has higher antioxidant effect than α‐tocotrienol, and tocotrienols may be better antioxidants than their corresponding tocopherols in certain oils and fats systems. Studies on the antioxidant activity of various tocopherols in food systems are varied and cannot be uniformly evaluated because experiments have generally focused on different foods and used various methods for the detection of antioxidant activities. Depending on the food system, in certain cases tocopherols were better antioxidants than synthetic antioxidants such as butylhydroxy toluene (BHT) or butylhydroxy anisole (BHA). However, in certain other food systems the synthetic antioxidants were more effective to increase the shelf life and the stability of foods than those containing tocopherols.
The Validation of AORN Recommended Practices in Finnish Perioperative Nursing Documentation
Authors: Tiusanen Teija Susanna , Junttila Kristiina , Leinonen Tuija , Salanterä Sanna 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn Finland, there are no common guidelines or recommended practices for perioperative documentation. Thus, perioperative nursing documentation varies from one operating department to another. To create minimum criteria for nursing documentation in Finland, we conducted an investigation in a university hospital district in 2006. Purposive sampling was used to invite experts in perioperative nursing documentation (N = 42) to serve as a Delphi panel. The final criteria are 120 items, 71% of which are based on the AORN standards and recommended practices. These criteria may be used to educate students and new perioperative personnel and to enhance the quality of nursing practice. To ensure relevance and usability, the criteria should be tested in various perioperative settings with a variety of surgical patients.
Steps for Successful Implementation of Proteomic Research in the OR
Authors: Martin Chidima Tsion , Henry Linda , Martin Lisa , Ad Niv 
Published: February 2010

AbstractProteomic studies (ie, the investigation and identification of proteins found in biological samples such as blood and tissue) are at the forefront of the identification of disease biomarkers and the understanding of proteins. These studies promise to enhance diagnostic and prognostic analysis across all disciplines of clinical practice. As the practice of nursing and medicine becomes more preventative in nature and predictive in terms of patient care, successfully integrating and implementing proteomic research will become increasingly important, especially in the OR. It is imperative that perioperative nurses and researchers establish a collaborative process for specimen collection. Steps in establishing and maintaining a successful specimen collection program include implementing and evaluating a protocol, developing good communication, and keeping all participants up to date on the progress of the study.
Surgical Vacuum Drains: Types, Uses, and Complications
Authors: Durai Rajaraman , Ng Philip C.H. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractHigh‐ and low‐pressure vacuum drains are commonly used after surgical procedures. High‐pressure vacuum drains (ie, sealed, closed‐circuit systems) are efficient and allow for easy monitoring and safe disposal of the drainage. Low‐pressure vacuum drains use gentle pressure to evacuate excess fluid and air, and are easy for patients to manage at home because it is easy to reinstate the vacuum pressure. Perioperative nurses should be able to identify the various types of commonly used drains and their surgical applications. Nurses should know how to care for drains, how to reinstate the vacuum pressure when necessary, and the potential complications that could result from surgical drain use.
Managing a Chest Tube and Drainage System
Authors: Durai Rajaraman , Hoque Happy , Davies Tony W. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIntercostal drainage tubes (ie, chest tubes) are inserted to drain the pleural cavity of air, blood, pus, or lymph. The water‐seal container connected to the chest tube allows one‐way movement of air and liquid from the pleural cavity. The container should not be changed unless it is full, and the chest tube should not be clamped unnecessarily. After a chest tube is inserted, a nurse trained in chest‐tube management is responsible for managing the chest tube and drainage system. This entails monitoring the chest‐tube position, controlling fluid evacuation, identifying when to change or empty the containers, and caring for the tube and drainage system during patient transport. This article provides an overview of indications, insertion techniques, and management of chest tubes.
Comparing eGFR Changes in Partial Nephrectomy (PN), Cryoablation (CA) and Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA)—A Single Centre Experience
Authors: Ord J.J. , Havranek E.G. , Ayres B.E. , Eddy B. , Magrill D. , Errico M. , Patel U. , Pilcher J. , Corbishley C. , Anderson C.J. 
Published: February 2010

Objective: The effect of nephron-sparing surgery on estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) is unclear. Comparisons of baseline to post-operative creatinine ratios are well published, but as eGFR and corresponding chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage is a more accepted measure of renal function and relates to quality of life we postulate preference for this measurement. Patients: 100 open partial nephrectomies (PN), 28 laparoscopic cryoablations (CA) and 14 percutaneous radiofrequency ablations (RFA) were compared from a prospective database. Estimated eGFR was calculated by the modified diet in renal disease formula. Changes in eGFR were calculated by the formula 100 × ( B — A)/ A where A = pre-operative eGFR and B = post-operative eGFR. Results: Overall there was a mean decrease of −8% after PN, 0% after laparoscopic cryotherapy and −1% after RFA. These differences were not statistically significant. After PN 3% improved CKD stage, 59% remained the same stage, 34% deteriorated by one stage, and 4% by two stages. Two PN patients, both with imperative indications and with pre-operative eGFR less than 15 ml/min, required permanent renal replacement therapy at 1 year post-operatively; no other cases resulted in this outcome. Conclusions: Overall nephron-sparing surgery results in a small mean eGFR reduction on long-term follow-up. After PN most patients retain their pre-operative CKD stage, a third drop by one stage and one in twenty-five by two stages.
The Value of TNM Tumour Staging and Serum Alkaline Phosphatase Levels in Predicting the Presence of Bone Metastases in Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: George M.J. , Buscombe J. , Al-Akraa M. 
Published: February 2010

Objectives: To determine if the TNM tumour staging and serum alkaline phosphatase levels (SAP) can be used to identify which patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are at greatest risk of osseous metastases. Patients and methods: A retrospective review of patients with histologically proven RCC was conducted. All patients had initial CT or MRI staging scans of the chest and abdomen. Patients also underwent bone scintigraphy and all abnormal areas were further evaluated with either serial or collaborative imaging to determine their nature. Results: 91 patients including 66 men and 25 women, with a mean age of 61, were included in the study. The incidence of bone metastases was 17.6%. The incidence of bone metastases in T1–4 disease was 4%, 31.3%, 31.8% and 66.7%, respectively. Patients with >T1N0M0 disease, as defined by initial staging scans, accounted for 53% of the cohort and included all instances of proven osseous disease. Thus ‘>T1N0M0’ was 100% sensitive and 57.3% specific as a predictor of bone metastases. Conversely, a raised SAP (>129 U/L) was only 25% sensitive but had a specificity of 94.3%. Conclusions: Patients with >T1N0M0 staging should undergo bone scintigraphy. SAP is a far less sensitive predictor and its concurrent use is unwarranted.
Dietary supplementation with medium-chain TAG has long-lasting cognition-enhancing effects in aged dogs
Authors: Pan Yuanlong , Larson Brian , Araujo Joseph A. , Lau Winnie , de Rivera Christina , Santana Ruben , Gore Asa , Milgram Norton W. 
Published: February 2010

The present study focused on the hypothesis that dietary supplementation with medium-chain TAG (MCT) will improve cognitive function in aged dogs by providing the brain with energy in the form of ketones. Aged Beagle dogs were subjected to a baseline battery of cognitive tests, which were used to establish cognitively equivalent control or treatment groups. The dogs in the treatment group were maintained on a diet supplemented with 5·5 % MCT. After an initial wash-in period, all the dogs were tested with a battery of cognitive test protocols, which assessed sequentially landmark discrimination learning ability, egocentric visuospatial function and attention. The groups were maintained on the diets for 8 months. The MCT-supplemented group showed significantly better performance in most of the test protocols than the control group. The group differences also varied as a function of task difficulty, with the more difficult task showing greater supplementation effects than the easier tasks. The group given the MCT supplement showed significantly elevated levels of β-hydroxybutyrate, a ketone body. These results indicate, first, that long-term supplementation with MCT can have cognition-improving effects, and second, that MCT supplementation increases circulating levels of ketones. The results support the hypothesis that brain function of aged dogs can be improved by MCT supplementation, which provides the brain with an alternative energy source.
The spatial distribution of campylobacteriosis in New Zealand, 1997–2005
Authors: RIND E. , PEARCE J. 
Published: February 2010

SUMMARYIn New Zealand Campylobacter infection rates have increased steadily since 1980, reaching a peak in 2003 (396/100 000 population). Compared to other nations, disease rates are unfavourably high (e.g. Australia 117/100 000 population, UK 85/100 000 population, USA 13/100 000 population). This ecological study investigated spatial variations in Campylobacter infection rates across New Zealand's Territorial Local Authorities (TLAs, n=73) for the period 1997–2005. Applying multiple linear regression, we examined whether geographical factors such as socio-demographic characteristics, climate, land use, water and the food environment were associated with local differences in the occurrence of Campylobacter infection rates. The results suggested significant variations in campylobacteriosis across TLAs (average annual rates ranging from 97 to 526/100 000 population), with higher rates in the South Island. Disease rates were associated with lower socio-economic deprivation (P<0·01), the proportion of the population aged 25–44 years (P<0·01) and fresh food outlet density (P<0·76). The results underline the role of area-level characteristics in explaining the spatial distribution of campylobacteriosis in New Zealand. In particular, the findings draw attention to the relatively unexplored role of fresh food outlets as a potential risk factor for increased Campylobacter notifications.
Heterospecies partition analysis reveals binding curve and stoichiometry of protein interactions in living cells
Authors: Wu Bin , Chen Yan , Müller Joachim D. 
Published: February 2010

Measuring the binding curve and stoichiometry of protein complexes in living cells is a prerequisite for quantitative modeling of cellular processes. Dual-color fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy provides a general framework for detecting protein interactions, but lacks suitable methods for quantifying protein heterointeractions in the cell. We address this challenge by introducing heterospecies partition (HSP) analysis for protein heterointeractions of the type D +
n
A↔DA

n

. HSP directly identifies the heterointeracting species from the sample mixture and determines the binding curve and stoichiometry of the protein complex. The HSP method is applied to provide the first direct characterization of the ligand-dependent binding of the retinoic X receptor to the coactivator transcription intermediate factor 2. A previous study based on protein fragments observed a higher binding stoichiometry than biologically expected. We address this difference in stoichiometry by measuring the binding curves of the full-length proteins in living cells. This study provides proof-of-principle experiments that illustrate the potential of HSP as a general and robust analysis tool for the quantitative characterization of protein heterointeractions by dual-color fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy in living cells.
An expedient route to substituted furans via olefin cross-metathesis
Authors: Donohoe Timothy J. , Bower John F. 
Published: February 2010

The olefin cross-metathesis (CM) reaction is used extensively in organic chemistry and represents a powerful method for the selective synthesis of differentially substituted alkene products. Surprisingly, efforts to integrate this remarkable process into strategies for aromatic and heteroaromatic construction have not been reported. Such structures represent key elements of the majority of small molecule drug compounds; methods for the controlled preparation of highly substituted derivatives are essential to medicinal chemistry. Here we show that the olefin CM reaction, in combination with an acid cocatalyst or subsequent Heck arylation, provides a concise and flexible entry to 2,5-di- or 2,3,5-tri-substituted furans. These cascade processes portend further opportunities for the regiocontrolled preparation of other highly substituted aromatic and heteroaromatic classes.
Repositioning of an existing drug for the neglected tropical disease Onchocerciasis
Authors: Gloeckner Christian , Garner Amanda L. , Mersha Fana , Oksov Yelena , Tricoche Nancy , Eubanks Lisa M. , Lustigman Sara , Kaufmann Gunnar F. , Janda Kim D. 
Published: February 2010

Onchocerciasis, or river blindness, is a neglected tropical disease caused by the filarial nematode
Onchocerca volvulus
that affects more than 37 million people, mainly in third world countries. Currently, the only approved drug available for mass treatment is ivermectin, however, drug resistance is beginning to emerge, thus, new therapeutic targets and agents are desperately needed to treat and cure this devastating disease. Chitin metabolism plays a central role in invertebrate biology due to the critical structural function of chitin for the organism. Taken together with its absence in mammals, targeting chitin is an appealing therapeutic avenue. Importantly, the chitinase OvCHT1 from
O. volvulus
was recently discovered, however, its exact role in the worm’s metabolism remains unknown. A screening effort against OvCHT1 was conducted using the Johns Hopkins Clinical Compound Library that contains over 1,500 existing drugs. Closantel, a veterinary anthelmintic with known proton ionophore activities, was identified as a potent and specific inhibitor of filarial chitinases, an activity not previously reported for this compound. Notably, closantel was found also to completely inhibit molting of
O. volvulus
infective L3 stage larvae. Closantel appears to target two important biochemical processes essential to filarial parasites. To begin to unravel closantel’s effects, a retro-fragment-based study was used to define structural elements critical for closantel’s chitinase inhibitor function. As resources towards the development of new agents that target neglected tropical diseases are scant, the finding of an existing drug with impact against
O. volvulus
provides promise in the hunt for new therapies against river blindness.
Small Sounds, Big Deals: Phonetic Symbolism Effects in Pricing
Authors: Coulter Keith S. , Coulter Robin A. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Studies suggest that certain vowel and consonant sounds (or phonemes) can be associated with perceptions of large and small size. Mental rehearsal of prices containing numbers with small phonemes results in overestimation of price discounts, whereas mental rehearsal of prices containing numbers with large phonemes results in underestimation. Mental rehearsal of the same sale prices characterized by small phonemes in one language and large phonemes in another language can yield differential effects. For example, when sale prices are rehearsed in English, an $\$ 11.00-\$ 7.88$ (28.4%) discount is perceived as greater than a $\$ 10.00-\$ 7.01$ (29.9%) discount; however, when these same prices are rehearsed in Chinese, the latter discount is perceived as greater. Non-price-related phonemes do not yield these same discount distortions. Collectively, findings indicate that the mere sounds of numbers can nonconsciously affect and distort numerical magnitude perceptions.