bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimodal inhibitory effect of matcha on
Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Nakao Ryoma , Takatsuka Ayami , Mandokoro Kengo , Narisawa Naoki , Ikeda Tsuyoshi , Takai Hideki , Ogata Yorimasa 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Porphyromonas gingivalis
has been associated with progression of periodontitis, characterized by inflammation and destruction of periodontal tissues. Here, we report that matcha, a product of
Camellia sinensis
, hampers the adherence and survival of
P. gingivalis
through multiple tactics. Matcha extract (ME) inhibited the growth not only of
P. gingivalis
but also of
Prevotella nigrescen
s and
Fusobacterium nucleatum
, while it did not inhibit growth of nine species of oral streptococci and
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
. ME-mediated
P. gingivalis
growth inhibition was characterized by both morphological and physiological changes at the bacterial envelope, which were accompanied by nano-particle formation and decreased membrane fluidity/permeability without loss of membrane integrity. ME also triggered autoaggregation of
P. gingivalis
in a major fimbriae (FimA)-dependent manner. In addition, adherence of
P. gingivalis
was dramatically inhibited by ME, irrespective of fimbriae. Furthermore, a structure-activity relationship study tested a series of catechins isolated from ME and identified the pyrogallol-type B-ring of catechins as essential for
P. gingivalis
growth inhibition. In a clinical study to assess the microbiological and therapeutic effects of matcha mouthwash in patients with periodontitis, the
P. gingivalis
number in saliva was significantly reduced by matcha mouthwash compared to the pre-intervention level. A tendency toward improvement in probing pocket depth was observed in the matcha group, although the difference was not statistically significant. Taken together, we present a proof of concept, based on the multimodal inhibitory effect of matcha against
P. gingivalis
, and that matcha may have clinical applicability for prevention and treatment of periodontitis.

IMPORTANCE

Periodontitis, a multifactorial inflammatory disease of the oral cavity, results in alveolar bone destruction, and is a major cause of tooth loss of humans. In addition, emerging evidence has demonstrated associations between periodontitis and a wide range of other chronic inflammation-driven disorders, including diabetes mellitus, preterm birth, cardiovascular disease, aspiration pneumonia, rheumatoid arthritis, cognitive disorder, and cancer. In the present study, we report that matcha, a product of
Camellia sinensis
, hampers
Porphyromonas gingivalis
, a major periodontal pathobiont, in not only a series of
in vitro
experiments but also a pilot intervention clinical trial of patients with periodontitis, in which matcha mouthwash statistically significantly reduced the
P. gingivalis
number in saliva, as compared to the pre-intervention level. Taken together, we suggest that matcha may have clinical applicability for prevention and treatment of periodontitis.
Laryngeal response to high-intensity exercise in healthy athletes
Authors: Carlsen Petter Helø , Muralitharan Praveen , Fenne Hilde , Hammer Ida Jansrud , Engan Mette , Vollsæter Maria , Bovim Lars Peder , Røksund Ola Drange , Halvorsen Thomas , Clemm Hege Havstad 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionExercise-induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO) is a common cause of exertional breathing problems. The current diagnostic approach rests on evaluation of laryngeal obstruction visualised by laryngoscopy performed continuously throughout a maximal exercise test (continuous laryngoscopy exercise (CLE) test) in patients who present with compatible symptoms. Laryngeal responses to high-intensity exercise in endurance athletes are not well described, potentially leading to inaccurate reference values and increasing the risk of misdiagnosing EILO.AimTo investigate laryngeal responses to high-intensity exercise in a healthy population of endurance athletes with no self-reported perception of respiratory problems.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted at Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway, inviting amateur and professional athletes with no self-reported breathing problems who performed endurance training minimum four sessions weekly. Thirty-six eligible athletes completed a questionnaire detailing exercise habits and past and current respiratory symptoms. They performed a standardised CLE test from which cardiopulmonary exercise data and corresponding laryngeal responses were recorded. The CLE tests were evaluated in retrospect by two independent raters according to preset criteria providing a CLE score. The CLE score rates the severity of laryngeal obstruction during moderate and maximum exercise on the glottic and supraglottic regions on a scale ranging from 0 (no obstruction) to 3 (maximum obstruction).ResultsTwenty-nine (81%) athletes (15 females) aged 15–35 years completed a CLE test. Ten participants (33%) had a supraglottic CLE subscore of 2 or 3. Among these, two also had a glottic CLE subscore of 2 or 3. Notably, none had isolated glottic obstruction.ConclusionIn healthy well-trained endurance athletes with no prior perception of respiratory symptoms, the laryngeal response to high-intensity exercise was diverse. Supraglottic laryngeal obstruction was observed in one-third of the athletes. The findings underline that a diagnosis of EILO should rest on observed laryngeal obstruction supported by compatible symptoms.
Severe enterovirus infections in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases receiving anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Martin de Frémont Grégoire , Chabrolles Hélène , Mirand Audrey , L'Honneur Anne Sophie , Mélé Nicolas , Dunogue Bertrand , Boutboul David , Farhat Meryem , Hachulla Eric , Lazrek Mouna , Rieu Virginie , Mathian Alexis , Chaussade Helene , Ruet Aurelie , Burrel Sonia , Coury-Lucas Fabienne , Schuffenecker Isabelle , Lemaignen Adrien , Stefic Karl , le Besnerais Maelle , Carrette Marion , Mouthon Luc , Avettand-Fenoel Veronique , Terrier Benjamin , Hadjadj Jérome 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivePatients with X linked agammaglobulinemia are susceptible to enterovirus (EV) infections. Similarly, severe EV infections have been described in patients with impaired B-cell response following treatment with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), mostly in those treated for haematological malignancies. We aimed to describe severe EV infections in patients receiving anti-CD20 mAbs for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs).MethodsPatients were included following a screening of data collected through the routine surveillance of EV infections coordinated by the National Reference Center and a review of the literature. Additionally, neutralising antibodies were assessed in a patient with chronic EV-A71 meningoencephalitis.ResultsNine original and 17 previously published cases were retrieved. Meningoencephalitis (n=21/26, 81%) associated with EV-positive cerebrospinal fluid (n=20/22, 91%) was the most common manifestation. The mortality rate was high (27%). EV was the only causal agents in all reported cases. Patients received multiple anti-CD20 mAbs infusions (median 8 (5–10)), resulting in complete B-cell depletion and moderate hypogammaglobulinemia (median 4.9 g/L (4.3–6.7)), and had limited concomitant immunosuppressive treatments. Finally, in a patient with EV-A71 meningoencephalitis, a lack of B-cell response to EV was shown.ConclusionEV infection should be evoked in patients with IMIDs presenting with atypical organ involvement, especially meningoencephalitis. Anti-CD20 mAbs may lead to impaired B-cell response against EV, although an underlying primary immunodeficiency should systematically be discussed.
Third-order relativistic fluid dynamics at finite density in a general hydrodynamic frame
Authors: Diles Saulo M. , Miranda Alex S. , Mamani Luis A. H. , Echemendia Alex M. , Zanchin Vilson T. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe motion of water is governed by the Navier–Stokes equations, which are complemented by the continuity equation to ensure local mass conservation. In this work, we construct the relativistic generalization of these equations through a gradient expansion for a fluid with a conserved charge in a curved d-dimensional spacetime. We adopt a general hydrodynamic frame and introduce the irreducible-structure (IS) algorithm, which is based on derivatives of the expansion scalar and the shear and vorticity tensors. By this method, we systematically generate all permissible gradients up to a specified order and derive the most comprehensive constitutive relations for a charged fluid, accurate to third-order in the gradient expansion. These constitutive relations are formulated to apply to ordinary (nonconformal) and conformally invariant charged fluids. Furthermore, we examine the frame dependence of the transport coefficients for a nonconformal charged fluid up to the third order in the gradient expansion. The frame dependence of the scalar, vector, and tensor parts of the constitutive relations is obtained in terms of the (field redefinitions of the) fundamental hydrodynamic variables. Managing the frame dependencies of the constitutive relations is challenging due to their non-linear character. However, in the linear regime, the higher-order transformations become tractable, enabling the identification of a set of frame-invariant coefficients. Subsequently, the equations obtained in the linear regime are solved in momentum space, yielding dispersion relations for shear, sound, and diffusive modes for a non-conformal charged fluid, expressed in terms of a set of frame-invariant transport coefficients.
The Effect of High Impact Teaching Practices on Student Comprehension
Authors: Safford Susan , Pathak Jawahar 
Published: May 2024

Despite a large number of published studies on high-impact teaching practices (HIP), there is little consistency in design or measurable outcomes and few quantitative studies, which leads to a lack of information on how specific HIPs improve learning outcomes. Therefore, the research questions for this study are a) does the same HIP have similar results across sections and, b) does a HIP in one section result in a different learning outcome than in another section that does not have a HIP? The hypothesis for the first question is there is no difference in student comprehension between sections when all sections have the same HIP. The hypothesis for the second question is there will be a difference in student comprehension between sections, with students exhibiting greater comprehension in the section with the HIP. For several years we have been using a variety of HIPs in our classes without measuring their impact. This is a preliminary study designed to measure the impact of HIPs on two different sections of Human Anatomy and Physiology II, taught by the same professor. The design of the study is as follows: [Formula: see text] We will analyze our data for two attributes, average and variability of pre-tests and post-tests. For the first attribute, we will study mean distribution. T-test analysis of the mean will be used to measure differences between sections for the pre-test and each post-test. Similarly, T-test analysis of the means will be used within each section to analyze differences between the pre-test and each post-test. For the second attribute, we will use F-test analysis of variance. Tests of normality of grade distribution for three assignments or tests in two sections of a typical biology class were conducted. Our analyses showed that all skewness and kurtosis values were between -2 to 2, and the median and mean were very close. Thus, it is reasonable to assume that the data are from normally distributed populations. Therefore, the approach we have outlined to measure HIP impact is appropriate for our classes. The results from this preliminary study will be used to identify specific HIPs that result in higher learning outcomes and will assist us in refining our pedagogical approach. Funding was provided by Lincoln University's Offce of Title III; Award #P031E200019-HBCU Title III, Part F Program. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
Megalin-mediated siRNA uptake in kidney proximal tubule cells
Authors: Long Kimberly , Rbaibi Youssef , Cunniff Jeremy , Qadir Deena , Lawrence Jonathan , Weisz Ora 
Published: May 2024

Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a clinically validated therapeutic modality, which silences gene expression via RNA interference (RNAi). Systemically delivered siRNA molecules are excreted primarily via the kidneys, where they accumulate in the renal cortex. Proximal epithelial cells within the tubule are thus an attractive target cell for utilizing RNAi, where the primary mode of entry is likely endocytic uptake. Here we report using a well-differentiated, opossum kidney (OK) proximal tubule cell (PTEC) line as a model system to mimic proximal tubule biology and investigate siRNA uptake. Fluorescently tagged siRNA were employed to observed uptake, which was observed in both a time and concentration dependent manner occurring predominantly from the apical surface of OK cells. Live cell imaging revealed significant colocalization of siRNAs with LysoTracker, consistent with endocytic uptake and delivery to lysosomes. We investigated the role of key PTEC solute recovery receptors, megalin and cubilin. siRNA uptake was inhibited by the megalin-binding protein RAP; and was independently reduced in Lrp2 knock-out (KO) cell lines. This work suggests that PTECs employ megalin to facilitate uptake of siRNA via endocytosis. Additionally, we observed colocalization of siRNA molecules and megalin in mouse kidneys from in vivo studies. Elucidating the mechanism(s) for siRNA uptake in the proximal tubule aids in the development of RNAi renal therapeutics and, more broadly, the understanding of class effects associated with siRNA nephrotoxicity. Additional work is focused on intracellular traffcking and megalin mediated siRNA uptake in mice. Project funded by Judo Bio. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
Overexpression of Regulator of G-Protein Signaling 2 in the Paraventricular Nucleus Reduces Blood Pressure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Boomer Shane , Liu Xuefei , Zheng Hong 
Published: May 2024

The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is important in mediating sympathetic activity to regulate blood pressure. The regulator of G protein signaling 2 (RGS2) is a negative G protein regulator. RGS2 selectively regulates Gαq signaling, an important cause of hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy. However, little-to-no studies are being done related to G-protein-RGS2 signaling on the central mechanisms of blood pressure control and sympathetic activation. In this study, we use spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) to aim for the pressor effects of central viral transfection over-expressing RGS2 in the PVN compared to a Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) control. These rats were outfitted with telemetry and measurements of blood pressure and heart rate over the next 14 days, with or without RGS2 adenovirus (AV) injection into the PVN. Metabolic experiments were conducted at the 7-day mark to examine kidney function, sodium excretion, urine output, and water and food intake. We saw significant ( p<0.05) decreases in blood pressure for the SHR with AV-RGS2 throughout our telemetry experiment. In our metabolic experiments, sodium excretion significantly ( p<0.05) increased in the SHR group with AV-RGS2 compared to the SHR with AV-GFP. Water intake, food intake, and urine output remained unchanged. Following this experiment, we gave capsaicin injections into the renal pelvis at 5, 10, and 20 μM to measure blood pressure and heart rate responses. Also, blood pressure responses to renal pelvis capsaicin injection appear to be attenuated in SHR and WKY rats with AV-RGS2 injection but was not significant ( p>0.05). In addition, we conducted real-time qPCR on collected PVN tissue to evaluate gene expression changes over time. We saw expression peak at 3-days in G⍺q, G⍺s, G⍺i, and RGS2, and progressively decrease as time progressed. This study provides a value insight of central mechanisms related to G-protein-RGS2 signaling on blood pressure regulation. This study was funded by NIH R01-DK-129311 and USD G-RISE, NIH T32GM-136503. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
Caveolin-1 frame-shift mutation induces multifunctional alterations in human fibroblasts that are exosome-mediated
Authors: Zuniga Hertz Juan Pablo , Chiteti Ramamurthi , Patel Hemal 
Published: May 2024

Caveolins, Cav1-3, are oligomeric proteins critical for the formation of membrane caveolae that regulate cell physiology. A de novo frameshift mutation (Cav1F160X) in Cav1 (Cav1M) was described in a patient with a progeria-like phenotype, lipodystrophy, and pulmonary hypertension. We hypothesize that Cav1M presents as a dominant negative protein that perturbs cellular physiology, particularly nuclear morphology, mitochondrial function, plasma membrane structure, and exocytic behavior. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of patient-derived dermal fibroblasts (Cav1M) showed abnormal nuclear shape, increased rough endoplasmic reticulum, and an increased number of autophagosomes. Cav1M cells present an abnormal mitochondrial size and shape, accompanied by a reduced mitochondrial capacity for energy production detected by Seahorse real-time oximetry analysis. In addition, we observed in the patient’s fibroblasts an altered pattern of Cav1 expression and distribution, with less Cav1 in caveolae membrane fractions, together with a reduced membrane cholesterol concentration and number of caveolae. Electron paramagnetic spectroscopy shows an altered localization of proteins commonly found in caveolae fractions and increased membrane fluidity. Interestingly, Cav1M fibroblasts showed 4-fold increase in exosome secretion. Nanoparticle tracking and TEM analysis revealed a significant reduction in nanoparticle size in Cav1M-derived exosomes. Normal human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) treated to express Cav1M (Cav1M1-159) or exogenously exposed to exosomes isolated from Cav1M fibroblasts showed altered nuclear morphology, exosome secretion profile, proteomics, and miRNA analysis. Our results indicate that mutations in the C-terminus of Cav1 lead to significant cellular alterations at different levels that can lead to morpho-functional features, energetic imbalances, membrane ultrastructure abnormalities, and exosome secretion and signaling alterations. These findings suggest a novel role of Cav1 that links several aspects of cell physiology, from plasma and nuclear membrane dynamics to exocytic behavior, that have potential implications in cellular communication impacting physiology and pathophysiology. 5R01HL091071. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
Sensitized serotonin-mediated vasodilation in a mouse model of carcinoid disease
Authors: Choi Deanna , Kuehn Sydney , Penrose Sofia , Lee Byron , Pommier Rodney F. , Walker Ashley E. , McCully Belinda H. 
Published: May 2024

Background: Carcinoid tumors secrete vasoactive hormones such as serotonin that impact cardiovascular function. In consequence, patients with metastatic carcinoid disease are at risk for carcinoid syndrome, characterized by profound cutaneous flushing, hypotension, and syncope. Our recent work demonstrates that in patients with carcinoid metastases, higher serotonin levels are associated with lower vascular resistance. However, it is unknown if the vascular sensitivity to serotonin is affected by carcinoid disease. The receptor that mediates the potential vasodilatory effects of serotonin in carcinoid disease is also unknown. Therefore, we hypothesize that serotonin-mediated vasodilation is increased by carcinoid metastases. To test this, we assessed vascular reactivity to serotonin ex vivo in a mouse model of carcinoid disease. Methods: J:Nu nude mice (10 weeks) received intrasplenic injection of 2x107 BON1 neuroendocrine tumor cells (BON1, n=5) or PBS-vehicle (VEH, n=5), and were monitored for 10 weeks to allow the development of liver carcinoid metastases. Animals were then euthanized, and mesentery arteries were harvested. Isolated, pressurized mesentery arteries were pre-constricted with phenylephrine. The dose-response vasodilation to serotonin and acetylcholine was measured. These dose responses were repeated in the presence of 5-HT2B receptor antagonist LY272015 or nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NAME. Endothelium-independent vasodilation to sodium nitroprusside was also assessed. Data are mean ± SEM. Results: Mesentery arteries from BON1 mice had a greater vasodilation in response to serotonin compared with arteries from VEH mice (65±6% vs. 44±8%, p=0.04). Incubation with L-NAME partially inhibited the vasodilation to serotonin in the BON1 arteries (42±10%, p=0.04), but not in VEH arteries (30±11%, p=0.17). LY272015 did not affect the serotonin-induced vasodilation in the BON1 or VEH arteries (BON1: 52±10%, p=0.14, VEH: 49±17%, p=0.39). In contrast to serotonin, the vasodilation to acetylcholine did not differ between BON1 and VEH arteries (77±9% vs. 61±16%, p=0.19). There were also no differences in the vasodilation to sodium nitroprusside between groups (p=0.42). Arteries from BON1 mice had a trend for greater vasoconstriction in phenylephrine compared with VEH mice (51±7% vs. 37±9%, p=0.06). Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that serotonin-mediated vasodilation is sensitized in a mouse model of carcinoid disease. This is potentially accompanied by enhanced α-adrenergic-mediated vasoconstriction, which may be a compensatory mechanism in response to sensitized vasodilatory mechanisms. Western University of Health Sciences Intramural Grant (BHM). This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.