bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bilateral pudendal afferent stimulation improves bladder emptying in rats with urinary retention
Authors: Chen Shih‐Ching , Grill Warren M. , Fan Wen‐Jia , Kou Yu Ru , Lin You Shuei , Lai Chien‐Hung , Peng Chih‐Wei 
Published: August 2011

Study Type – Therapy (individual cohort)Level of Evidence 2bWhat's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Previous study demonstrated that unilateral electrical stimulation of the proximal transected sensory pudental nerve during distention‐evoked voiding contractions significantly improved voiding efficiency. The current study extends previous study from unilateral (UniES) to bilateral (BiES) stimulation of pudental afferent nerve fibres to determine whether this approach further enhances the improved voiding efficiency (VE) that we reported previously which unilateral stimulation. Our results show in most instances BiES consistently generated more efficient bladder emptying than did UniES but these differences were not significant.OBJECTIVE
To determine whether bilateral electrical stimulation (BiES) of the transected pudendal sensory nerves could further enhance the voiding efficiency beyond that produced by unilateral electrical stimulation (UniES) of transected pudendal afferents in rats with urinary retention.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The efficiency of bladder emptying with either UniES or BiES of pudendal nerve afferents was measured after acute bilateral transection of the sensory branch of the pudendal nerve.
The effects of UniES and BiES on voiding in a partially denervated bladder and acute spinal transection, respectively, were determined.
RESULTS
The voiding efficiency (VE) was reduced from 69 to 22% after bilateral transection of the sensory branch of the pudendal nerve. UniES or BiES increased the VE to 49–62%.
Although in most instances BiES consistently generated more efficient bladder emptying than did UniES, these differences were not significant.
Both UniES and BiES increased VE after unilateral pelvic nerve transection, demonstrating efficacy in a partially denervated bladder.
The enhancement of VE by either UniES or BiES was preserved after acute T9–T10, demonstrating the spinal origin of this augmenting reflex.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of the present study are consistent with an essential role for pudendal sensory feedback in efficient bladder emptying, and unilateral and bilateral electrical activation of pudendal nerve afferents are equally efficient in improving bladder emptying in an animal model of urinary retention.
This could provide an approach to improve bladder emptying in patients with non‐obstructive urinary retention.
Risk‐based explanation for the book‐to‐market effect
Authors: Chen Jerry W. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis paper proposes a risk‐based explanation for the book‐to‐market (B/M) effect. I decompose B/M into net operating asset‐to‐market (NOA/M) and net financing asset‐to‐market (NFA/M) components. Portfolio analysis shows that (i) positive B/M, NOA/M and NFA/M are positively related to future returns and (ii) negative B/M, NOA/M and NFA/M are negatively related to future returns. To the extent that positive B/M, NOA/M and NFA/M act as measures of asset risk and negative B/M, NOA/M and NFA/M act as inverse measures of borrowing risk, the nonlinear relations between B/M, NOA/M and NFA/M and future returns provide some evidence to support the risk‐based explanation for the book‐to‐market effect in stock returns.
The clinician‐scientist: professional dynamics in clinical stem cell research
Authors: Wilson‐Kovacs Dana M. , Hauskeller Christine 
Published: August 2011

AbstractClinical applications of biomedical research rely on specialist knowledge provided by professionals who straddle research and therapy, and possess both medical and scientific expertise. To date, this professional group remains under‐explored in sociology. Our article presents a case study of clinician‐scientists working in stem cell research for heart repair in the UK and Germany who are engaged in double‐blind randomised clinical trials using patients’ own stem cells. The analysis draws on sociological and medical literature, interviews and ethnographic fieldwork to analyse the experiences and self‐rationalisations of a small number of clinician‐scientists and the ways in which these professionals portray, explain and justify their role in the wider clinical research environment. We examine our participants’ views on the clinical trials they conduct, the challenges they encounter and the ways through which they negotiate a complex disciplinary terrain, and argue that the recent clinical implementation of stem cell research brings clinician‐scientists to the fore and provides a renewed platform for their professional legitimisation. The article helps increase our understanding of how randomised clinical trials are involved in consolidating the individual status of actors and the collective standing of clinician‐scientists as leaders of change in translational medicine.
Adults with Intellectual Disabilities and their Carers as Researchers and Participants in a RCT
Authors: Turk Vicky , Leer Geoffrey , Burchell Sarah , Khattram Sukhjinder , Corney Roslyn , Rowlands Gill 
Published: August 2011

Background  This article describes the process of including people with intellectual disabilities (ID) and carers of people with ID as researchers and participants in randomised controlled trial (RCT) research. People with ID are rarely involved in research about their health, either as researchers or participants. Carers are often included as research informants, but family carers are rarely involved as researchers.Method  Four teams of researchers each comprising a researcher with ID, a supporting professional and a carer researcher, were recruited to complete a health intervention RCT. Accessible measures were selected and/or devised. Baseline interviews were completed by researchers with ID and/or carers of people with ID by asking participants with ID and/or carers of the participant about the health of the person with ID. Follow‐up health interviews were administered after the intervention had been in place for a year.Results  The researchers completed 331 interviews with carers and 196 with participants with ID. Over 50% of participants with ID completed baseline assessments. Positive feedback on the process and outcomes was given by the researchers involved.Conclusion  The inclusion of people with ID both as researchers and as participants was achieved through an appropriate design, strong research partnerships, adequate and flexible resources, promotion of teamwork and a strong task focus.
Age Differences in Primary Prevention Implantable Cardioverter‐Defibrillator Use in U.S. Individuals
Authors: Tsai Vivian , Goldstein Mary K. , Hsia Henry H. , Wang Yongfei , Curtis Jeptha , Heidenreich Paul A. ,   on behalf of the National Cardiovascular Data Registry
Published: August 2011

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the potentially inappropriate use of implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator ICDs in older U.S. adults.
DESIGN: Retrospective study.
SETTING: The National Cardiovascular Data ICD Registry.
PARTICIPANTS: Forty‐four thousand eight hundred five individuals in the National Cardiovascular Data's ICD Registry™ who had received ICDs for primary prevention from January 2006 to December 2008. Individuals with a prior myocardial infarction and ejection fraction less than 30% were included.
MEASUREMENTS: Mortality risk was categorized using the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation (MADIT) II risk‐stratification system. Low‐risk and very‐high‐risk individuals were considered potentially inappropriate recipients.
RESULTS: Of 44,805 individuals, 67% (n=29,893) were aged 65 and older, of whom 51% were aged 75 and older. A significant proportion of ICD recipients had a low risk of death (16%, n=6,969) or very high risk of nonarrhythmic death (8%, n=3,693). Potentially inappropriate ICD use was 10% in those aged 75 and older, much less than in younger groups (40%, <65; 21%, 65–74, P<.001). Although age was associated with a high risk of nonarrhythmic death, its influence was markedly attenuated after adjusting for comorbidities and timing of ICD implantation (odds ratio=1.02, 95% confidence interval=1.02–1.03, P<.001).
CONCLUSION: Potentially inappropriate ICD use appears significantly less—and at modest rates—in older Americans than in younger age groups. Overall, almost one‐quarter of individuals may have received ICDs inappropriately based on their risk of death. Physicians appear to be conservatively referring older adults and wisely deferring those with high comorbid burden.
Cyclosporine‐induced gingival overgrowth correlates with NFAT‐regulated gene expression: a pilot study
Authors: Dannewitz Bettina , Kruck Eva‐Maria , Staehle Hans Jörg , Eickholz Peter , Giese Thomas , Meuer Stefan , Kaever Volkhard , Zeier Martin , Sommerer Claudia 
Published: August 2011

Dannewitz B, Kruck E‐M, Staehle HJ, Eickholz P, Giese T, Meuer S, Kaever V, Zeier M, Sommerer C. Cyclosporine‐induced gingival overgrowth correlates with NFAT‐regulated gene expression: a pilot study. J Clin Periodontol 2011; 38: 984–991. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐051X.2011.01773.x.Abstract
Objective: To determine whether incidence and severity of cyclosporine A (CsA)‐induced gingival overgrowth (GO) is related to expression nuclear factor of activated T cells‐regulated genes (NFAT‐regulated genes).
Material and Methods: Expression of NFAT‐regulated genes was determined in 36 transplant patients medicated with CsA by real‐time PCR before and 2 h after drug intake and residual NFAT activity was estimated as ratio of both measurements. Demographic, periodontal and pharmacologic parameters were recorded and GO assessed from models. Subjects were divided into two groups according to the degree of GO (responders: GO score⩾10%). Groups were compared using parametric and non‐parametric tests. The association of various CsA‐specific and periodontal parameters on incidence and extent of GO were determined using regression analysis.
Results: Responders had a more than twofold lower residual NFAT activity than non‐responders (7.9% and 18.1%, respectively; p<0.001). Multiple regression analysis revealed gingival inflammation, salivary CsA concentration, and residual NFAT activity to be significant factors influencing the expression of GO. Seventy‐seven percent of the variability of GO could be explained by these parameters.
Conclusions: This study showed that pharmacodynamic parameters such as residual NFAT activity may be promising prognostic indicators to identify patients with increased risk for GO.
Association between oral health, cognitive impairment and oral health–related quality of life
Authors: Zuluaga Dairo Javier Marín , Montoya José Antonio Gil , Contreras Clementina Infante , Herrera Ramona Rubio 
Published: August 2011

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2011.00542.x

Association between oral health, cognitive impairment and oral health–related quality of lifeObjective:  Investigating oral health–related quality of life’s (OH‐QoL) relationship with cognitive state.Background:  Oral health affects OH‐QoL and is poor in institutionalised and cognitively impaired people.Material and Methods:  This was a cross‐sectional study involving 215 institutionalised elderly (82.9 mean age), who were interviewed, examined and cognitively screened using the Pfeiffer test.Results:  Mean GOHAI score was 53.1; only 43.7% of the participants reported having a good OH‐QoL. Needing help with dressing or washing (OR 2.14; p = 0.004), having one to nine teeth (OR 4.65; p ≥ 0.001), eight or less occluding pairs (OR 2.74; p = 0.002), one to three caries (OR 1.85; p = 0.005) and being cognitive impaired (OR 0.54; p = 0.034) were significantly associated with altered OH‐QoL in bi‐variate analysis. Being edentulous (OR 3.18; p = 0.0046), having 1–9 teeth (OR 2.62; p = 0.056) and presenting mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (OR 0.32; p = 0.016) appeared as predictive variables in logistic regression for having an altered OH‐QoL.Conclusions:  Participants having MCI had significantly better GOHAI score than cognitively normal residents. Performing cognitive screening parallel to applying any OH‐QoL instrument would make the results more reliable and would benefit cognitively impaired people.
Treatment of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation
Authors: KIM Hye Ryun , CHEON Seong Ha , RHA Sun Young , LEE Soohyeon , HAN Kwang‐Hyub , CHON Chae Yoon , LEE Jong Doo , SUNG Jin Sil , CHUNG Hyun Cheol 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAim:  Liver transplantation (LT) is a curative treatment for localized hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the recurrence rate after LT is about 10–20%, with a dismal prognosis. Little data exist as to the natural history, treatment outcome and optimal treatment of recurrent HCC after LT. We reviewed various treatment modalities given to patients with recurrent HCC after LT.Methods:  Among 132 patients who underwent LT for localized HCC, we retrospectively reviewed medical records of 39 of the 132 patients who developed recurrent HCC after LT. We analyzed the clinical outcome of various treatment modalities and treatment‐related adverse events.Results:  A total of 39 (29%) of the original 132 patients had recurrent HCC, most recurrences (82%) having occurred within 1 year after LT and involved extrahepatic lesions. Only seven patients had recurrent disease limited to the liver. The median overall survival from the initial treatment of all relapsed patients was 6.9 months. There were various initial treatment modalities, namely palliative systemic chemotherapy, trans‐catheter arterial chemo‐embolization/infusion (TACE/I), radiation therapy (RT), surgical resection and no treatment. The median overall survival was 9.5 months for first‐line chemotherapy, including those who had prior local therapy, 6.3 months TACE/I and 6.9 months for RT.Conclusion:  Various clinical approaches have been used to treat patients with recurrent HCC after LT in a clinical setting. More effective strategies and clinical guidelines for recurrent HCC following LT must be established.
STABILITY AND RHEOLOGY OF DISPERSIONS CONTAINING POLYSACCHARIDE, OLEIC ACID AND WHEY PROTEIN ISOLATE
Authors: SAMAVATI VAHID , EMAM‐DJOMEH ZAHRA , MOHAMMADIFAR MOHAMMAD AMIN , OMID MAHMOUD , MEHDINIA A.L.I. 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTThe effects of whey protein isolate (WPI; 2, 4% [w/w]), xanthan gum (XG; 0.5, 1% [w/w]) and oleic acid phase volume fraction (5, 10% [v/v]) on the stability and rheological properties were investigated. The droplet size distribution, creaming index and rheological properties of dispersions were measured. Results showed that both G′ and G″ increased with xanthan and oil phase volume fraction. However, the viscoelastic behavior was mainly governed by the XG content. The shear‐thinning behavior of both aqueous dispersions (continuous phases) and emulsions was successfully modeled with power law and Cross models; the power law model was found to better describe the flow behavior of dispersions. Droplet size distribution was measured by light scattering; microscopic observations revealed a flocculated system. An increase in XG, WPI concentration and oil volume fraction resulted in a decrease in creaming index of emulsions, with XG concentration having the dominant effect.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSEmulsions and dispersions are of great interest in many fields, including most food and cosmetic industries. This study shows the effect of XG and WPI concentrations and oil phase volume fraction on the stability and rheological properties of dispersions. The results are useful in developing a relationship between emulsion properties and emulsion stability. WPI has the potential to be used for the manufacturing of stable dispersions without any significant effect on rheological properties.
Biting off more than you can chew; is it possible to precisely count carbohydrate?
Authors: SMART Carmel E. , HOPLEY Lori K. , BURGESS Deirdre , COLLINS Clare E. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAim:  Carbohydrate counting is used to adjust premeal insulin to carbohydrate intake in intensive insulin regimens. The aim of the present study was to determine the potential variability in the carbohydrate content of a slice of bread (one ‘exchange’) from that reported on the label and hence, the potential variability in carbohydrate intake when consuming a serve.Methods:  A cross‐sectional survey of 11 different loaves of bread commonly consumed by children with type 1 diabetes was undertaken. All slices in each loaf were weighed to an accuracy of ±1 g; and the reported carbohydrate content per 100 g of each loaf was used to determine the carbohydrate content of the mean, minimum and maximum slice in each loaf of bread.Results:  There was no difference between the reported and the mean estimated carbohydrate content of a slice. The minimum slice of bread across all loaves was estimated to contain only 10.0 g of carbohydrate, whereas the maximum slice contained an estimated 20.7 g of carbohydrate. The greatest variation in carbohydrate amount within a loaf was 12.3 g.Conclusions:  In commercially available loaves of bread in Australia, the carbohydrate content of a slice can vary by up to 45% of that reported on the label, in accordance with Food Standards Australia New Zealand. This highlights a practical limitation inherent with the commonly held view that food labels can facilitate accuracy in carbohydrate counting in 1‐g increments.
Use of an arginine‐enriched oral nutrition supplement in the healing of pressure ulcers in patients with spinal cord injuries: An observational study
Authors: CHAPMAN Brooke R. , MILLS Kelly J. , PEARCE Leonie M. , CROWE Timothy C. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAim:  Pressure ulcers are a serious secondary consequence of spinal cord injuries. The objective of the present study was to determine whether an arginine‐containing nutritional supplement can reduce the healing time of pressure ulcers in people with spinal cord injuries compared with those not consuming the supplement until full wound healing.Methods:  Thirty‐four spinal cord injured patients with a grade 2, 3 or 4 pressure ulcer were prescribed two 237 mL tetrapaks/day of a supplement containing additional protein, arginine, zinc and vitamin C. Pressure ulcer healing was assessed with the Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing tool.Results:  Twenty patients consumed the nutritional supplement until full pressure ulcer healing had occurred, while 14 patients ceased consuming the supplement before full healing occurred because of intolerance, compliance or taste issues. A 2.5‐fold greater rate of healing was observed in patients consuming the supplement until full healing compared with those who ceased taking the supplement (8.5 ± 1.1 weeks vs 20.9 ± 7.0 weeks respectively; P= 0.04). There were no significant differences in age, nutritional status, gender or reason for admission between groups. Comparison of healing rates in the group consuming the supplement to full wound healing against expected rates derived from the medical literature showed a significantly shorter time‐to‐healing (grade 3 pressure ulcer: 6.5 ± 0.8 weeks vs 18.2 weeks; grade 4: 11.4 ± 2.0 weeks vs 22.1 weeks; P < 0.001).Conclusion:  The present small‐scale study demonstrated the potential for specialised wound healing nutritional supplements to shorten the time to pressure ulcer healing in spinal cord injured patients.
Florid cemento‐osseous dysplasia mimicking apical periodontitis: A case report
Authors: Rekabi Ali Reza , Ashouri Rezvan , Torabi Molok , Parirokh Masoud , Abbott Paul V. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractCemento‐osseous dysplasia may present as a focal, periapical or florid lesion in the mandible or maxilla. The lesion may sometimes appear similar to peri‐radicular lesions on a periapical radiograph. This report presents a case with irreversible pulpitis and root resorption as well as a mixed radiolucent/radiopaque lesion around a mandibular molar tooth root. Root canal treatment was performed and because of the radiographic signs of root resorption and the patient's fear of having a malignant disease, periapical surgery was also performed. The histopathology report confirmed the presence of florid cement‐osseous dysplasia which was mimicking apical periodontitis. Follow‐up radiography 12 months after the surgery illustrated complete healing of the radiolucent area.
Levels of Glutathione and Related Enzymes in Yellowtail Fish Muscle Subjected to Ice Storage in a Modified Atmosphere
Authors: Tanimoto Shota , Song Xing An , Sakaguchi Morihiko , Sugawara Tatsuya , Hirata Takashi 
Published: August 2011

Abstract:  We investigated the effects of ice storage in a modified atmosphere on levels of glutathione (GSH) and its related enzyme activities, the metmyoglobin to total myoglobin ratio (metMb%), and the K value (a freshness index) of yellowtail fish muscle. GSH in ordinary muscle (fast skeletal muscle) as well as in dark muscle (slow skeletal muscle) stored in air decreased. GSH in those muscles was almost unchanged during storage when packaged with an oxygen absorber or with an oxygen absorber‐CO2 generator. Glutathione disulfide in each type of packaging remained at low concentrations during storage. The GSH peroxidase activities of ordinary muscle and of dark muscle after 7 d of storage in air were lower than when packaged with the oxygen absorber or with the oxygen absorber‐CO2 generator. The GSH reductase (GR) activities of ordinary muscle at the 4th and 7th day of storage when packaged with the oxygen absorber showed a tendency to be lower than when stored in air. The GR activity of dark muscle in each type of packaging method was unchanged during storage. The packaging method did not influence the K values of either the ordinary muscle or the dark muscle during storage. The metMb% of dark muscle when packaged with the oxygen absorber was lower than in the other types of packaging during storage. Therefore, packaging with the oxygen absorber is an effective method to prevent the loss of GSH in fish meat as well as to reduce the discoloration during storage.Practical Application:  This study examined whether modified atmosphere packaging preserves the level of GSH, which is unstable to oxidative stress, in fish muscle. The use of an oxygen absorber for packaging can allow us to take in a sufficient amount of the bioactive compound from fish meat after storage as well as fresh fish.