bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Host–Guest‐Driven Copolymerization of Tetraphosphonate Cavitands
Authors: Tancini Francesca , Yebeutchou Roger M. , Pirondini Laura , De Zorzi Rita , Geremia Silvano , Scherman Oren A. , Dalcanale Enrico 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe outstanding complexing properties of tetraphosphonate cavitands towards N‐methylpyridinium salts were exploited to realise a new class of linear and cyclic AABB supramolecular polymers through host–guest interactions. The effectiveness of the selected self‐association processes was tested by 1H NMR studies, whereas microcalorimetric analyses clarified the binding thermodynamics and revealed the possibility of tuning entropic contributions by acting on the flexibility of the guest linker. Although the formation of linear polymeric chains for a rigid system was demonstrated by X‐ray analysis, the presence of a concentration‐dependent ring–chain equilibrium was indicated by solution viscosity measurements in the case of a very flexible ditopic BB guest co‐monomer.
Heterogeneously Catalyzed Efficient Hydration of Alkynes to Ketones by Tin–Tungsten Mixed Oxides
Authors: Jin Xiongjie , Oishi Takamichi , Yamaguchi Kazuya , Mizuno Noritaka 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe Sn–W mixed oxide prepared by calcination of the Sn–W mixed hydroxide precursor with a Sn/W molar ratio of 2:1 at 800 °C (SnW2‐800) acts as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the hydration of alkynes. Structurally diverse terminal and internal alkynes, including aromatic, aliphatic, and double‐bond‐containing ones, can be converted into the corresponding ketones in moderate to high yields. The catalytic activity of SnW2‐800 is much higher than those of previously reported heterogeneous catalysts and commonly utilized acid catalysts. The observed catalysis was truly heterogeneous, and the retrieved catalyst can be reused at least three times with retention of its high catalytic performance. The reaction rate for the SnW2‐800‐catalyzed hydration was decreased by addition of 2,6‐lutidine and the hydration hardly proceeded in the presence of an equimolar amount of this compound with respect to that of the Brønsted acid sites in SnW2‐800. Therefore, the present hydration is mainly promoted by the Brønsted acid sites in SnW2‐800.
Vagal afferent innervation of the proximal gastrointestinal tract mucosa: Chemoreceptor and mechanoreceptor architecture
Authors: Powley Terry L. , Spaulding Ryan A. , Haglof Stanley A. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe vagus nerve supplies low‐threshold chemo‐ and mechanosensitive afferents to the mucosa of the proximal gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The absence of a full characterization of the morphology and distributions of these projections has hampered comprehensive functional analyses. In the present experiment, dextran (10K) conjugated with tetramethylrhodamine and biotin was injected into the nodose ganglion and used to label the terminal arbors of individual vagal afferents of both rats and mice. Series of serial 100‐μm thick sections of the initial segment of the duodenum as well as the pyloric antrum were collected and processed with diaminobenzidine for permanent tracer labeling. Examination of over 400 isolated afferent fibers, more than 200 from each species, indicated that three vagal afferent specializations, each distinct in morphology and in targets, innervate the mucosa of the proximal GI tract. One population of fibers, the villus afferents, supplies plates of varicose endings to the apical tips of intestinal villi, immediately subjacent to the epithelial wall. A second type of afferent, the crypt afferent, forms subepithelial rings of varicose processes encircling the intestinal glands or crypts, immediately below the crypt‐villus junction. Statistical assessment of the isolated fibers indicated that the villus arbors and the crypt endings are independent, issued by different vagal afferents. A third vagal afferent specialization, the antral gland afferent, arborizes along the gastric antral glands and forms terminal concentrations immediately below the luminal epithelial wall. The terminal locations, morphological features, and regional distributions of these three specializations provide inferences about the sensitivities of the afferents. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:644–660, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cellular composition and organization of the subventricular zone and rostral migratory stream in the adult and neonatal common marmoset brain
Authors: Sawamoto Kazunobu , Hirota Yuki , Alfaro‐Cervello Clara , Soriano‐Navarro Mario , He Xiaoping , Hayakawa‐Yano Yoshika , Yamada Masayuki , Hikishima Keigo , Tabata Hidenori , Iwanami Akio , Nakajima Kazunori , Toyama Yoshiaki , Itoh Toshio , Alvarez‐Buylla Arturo , Garcia‐Verdugo Jose Manuel , Okano Hideyuki 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe adult subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricle contains neural stem cells. In rodents, these cells generate neuroblasts that migrate as chains toward the olfactory bulb along the rostral migratory stream (RMS). The neural‐stem‐cell niche at the ventricular wall is conserved in various animal species, including primates. However, it is unclear how the SVZ and RMS organization in nonhuman primates relates to that of rodents and humans. Here we studied the SVZ and RMS of the adult and neonatal common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), a New World primate used widely in neuroscience, by electron microscopy, and immunohistochemical detection of cell‐type‐specific markers. The marmoset SVZ contained cells similar to type B, C, and A cells of the rodent SVZ in their marker expression and morphology. The adult marmoset SVZ had a three‐layer organization, as in the human brain, with ependymal, hypocellular, and astrocyte‐ribbon layers. However, the hypocellular layer was very thin or absent in the adult‐anterior and neonatal SVZ. Anti‐PSA‐NCAM staining of the anterior SVZ in whole‐mount ventricular wall preparations of adult marmosets revealed an extensive network of elongated cell aggregates similar to the neuroblast chains in rodents. Time‐lapse recordings of marmoset SVZ explants cultured in Matrigel showed the neuroblasts migrating in chains, like rodent type A cells. These results suggest that some features of neurogenesis and neuronal migration in the SVZ are common to marmosets, humans, and rodents. This basic description of the adult and neonatal marmoset SVZ will be useful for future studies on adult neurogenesis in primates. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:690–713, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Unique photoreceptor arrangements in a fish with polarized light discrimination
Authors: Novales Flamarique Iñigo 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn contrast to other vertebrates, some anchovies have cone photoreceptors with longitudinally oriented outer segment lamellae. These photoreceptors are axially dichroic (i.e., they are sensitive to the polarization of axially incident light) and form the basis of a polarization detection system in the northern anchovy, Engraulis mordax. Whether other cone types exist in the retina of this animal, and whether multiple cone opsins are expressed in the retinas of anchovies, is unknown. Likewise, a detailed examination of photoreceptor ultrastructure in nondichroic photoreceptors has not been carried out despite its importance to understand visual specializations within the retina and its use in the formulation of models to explain cellular structure. Here, I combined light and electron microscopy with immunohistochemical studies of opsin expression to infer mechanisms of lamellar formation and to evaluate the potential for color vision in the northern anchovy retina. Morphological observations revealed three cone formations: 1) continuous rows made up of alternating long and short (bilobed) cones with longitudinally oriented lamellae that are orthogonal between cone types; 2) continuous rows of alternating long and short cones in which only the short cones have longitudinally oriented lamellae; and 3) rows of triple cones with transversely oriented lamellae, each triple cone consisting of two lateral cones flanking a small central cone. Ultrastructure investigations supported two models of outer segment formation resulting in the longitudinally oriented lamellae of long and short cones. In the case of the long cone, lateral compression of the outer segment, potentially via the formation of guanine platelet stacks in neighboring pigment epithelium cells, results in a shape transformation from conical to cunate and a tilt from transverse to longitudinal lamellae. In the case of the short (bilobed) cone, membrane invaginations from the connecting ciliary structure grow longitudinally to form a dichroic stack. Opsin expression studies indicated that all cones express middle‐to‐long wavelength opsins, with long and lateral cones possessing a different opsin from that in short and central cones, confirming the potential for color vision. Together with the ultrastructural observations, these results suggest that the unique cone topography in the northern anchovy retina may underlie a visual system with segregated color and polarization detection channels. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:714–737, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transmitter release in the neuromuscular synapse of the protein kinase C theta‐deficient adult mouse
Authors: Besalduch Núria , Santafé Manel M. , Garcia Neus , Gonzalez Carmen , Tomás Marta , Tomás Josep , Lanuza Maria A. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe studied structural and functional features of the neuromuscular junction in adult mice (P30) genetically deficient in the protein kinase C (PKC) theta isoform. Confocal and electron microscopy shows that there are no differences in the general morphology of the endplates between PKC theta‐deficient and wild‐type (WT) mice. Specifically, there is no difference in the density of the synaptic vesicles. However, the myelin sheath is not as thick in the intramuscular nerve fibers of the PKC theta‐deficient mice. We found a significant reduction in the size of evoked endplate potentials and in the frequency of spontaneous, asynchronous, miniature endplate potentials in the PKC theta‐deficient neuromuscular preparations in comparison with the WT, but the mean amplitude of the spontaneous potentials is not different. These changes indicate that PKC theta has a presynaptic role in the function of adult neuromuscular synapses. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:849–855, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Projection patterns of single mossy fiber axons originating from the dorsal column nuclei mapped on the aldolase C compartments in the rat cerebellar cortex
Authors: Quy Pham Nguyen , Fujita Hirofumi , Sakamoto Yukiyo , Na Jie , Sugihara Izumi 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAlthough cerebellar mossy fibers are the most abundant cerebellar afferents and are deeply involved in cerebellar function, the organization of their projection has remained obscure, particularly in relation to cerebellar compartmentalization. The dorsal column nuclei (DCN) are a major source of cerebellar mossy fibers and possess distinct somatotopic representations of specific somatosensory submodalities. We reconstructed individual dextran‐labeled DCN axons completely from serial sections and mapped their terminals on the longitudinal cerebellar compartments that were visualized by aldolase C immunostaining to clarify their projection pattern. Individual axons branched and formed about 100 rosette terminals in the cerebellar cortex, but infrequently projected to the cerebellar nuclei (1 out of 15 axons). Cortical terminals were clustered in multiple areas in the vermis and pars intermedia mostly, but not exclusively, ipsilateral to the origin of the axon. The gracile, cuneate, and external cuneate nuclei (ECuN) mainly projected to the copula pyramidis and lobule V, paramedian and simple lobules, and lobules I–V and VIII–IX, respectively, although there was some overlap. The majority of terminals were located within aldolase C negative or lightly positive compartments. However, terminals of a single axon can be located on aldolase C‐negative as well as on aldolase C‐positive compartments. In particular, the rostral ECuN, which is responsive to shoulder movements, projected consistently to lobule IX, which were mostly aldolase C‐positive. In sum, DCN‐cerebellar axons project to multiple compartments with terminals clustered mainly in the conventional spinocerebellar region with a coarse topography, which shows some relationship to the cortical compartments defined by aldolase C. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:874–899, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Renin
Authors: Morris Brian J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:The Renin PaperA blood pressure‐raising substance is formed in the kidneys and passed into the bloodTime course of the pressure elevation following injection of reninAnalysis of the mechanism underlying the pressure riseRenin Release RegulationRenin Gene: Structure and ControlBackgroundRenin Gene StructureRenin Promoter StructureRenin Promoter ControlTranscription FactorsRenin Messenger RNASynthesis and ActivationBiosynthesis of ProreninProcessing of ProreninStructure of ReninBinding Protein(s) of ReninGenetic StudiesStudies in RatsStudies in HumansTransgenic Mice and RatsHuman Gene in MiceRenin Promoter–Simian Virus 40 T Antigen Transgenic MiceHuman Promoter Transgenic MiceRen‐2 Hypertensive Transgenic RatsModel of Malignant HypertensionRenin and Angiotensinogen Transgenic Mice and RatsKnockoutsSummary and Challenges
Angiotensinogen
Authors: Tewksbury Duane A. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Primary StructureKinetics of the Renin‐Angiotensinogen ReactionRegulationHormonal RegulationTranscriptional and Translational RegulationIn VivoManipulation of Angiotensinogen Gene ExpressionTissue Renin–Angiotensin SystemsBrainPituitaryKidneyAdrenalHeartVascular TissueAdipose TissueAngiotensinogen and the Acute‐Phase ReactionAngiotensinogen and Essential HypertensionAngiotensinogen and PreeclampsiaAngiotensinogen and Heart DiseaseSummary
Regional Neural Regulation of Immunity: Anatomy and Function
Authors: Bulloch Karen 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:The Autonomic Nervous SystemOverviewCentral ControlTerminal Distribution of FibersSummaryThe Neuroendocrine SystemThe Immune SystemAcute‐Phase ResponseInnervation of Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Immune TissuesPrimary Immune TissuesThymus InnervationSecondary Immune TissuesTertiary Immune TissuesSummarySummary and Conclusions
Metastatic breast carcinoma to parathyroid adenoma on fine needle cytology sample: Report of a case
Authors: Fulciniti Franco , Pezzullo Luciano , Chiofalo Maria Grazia , Butera Daniela , Losito Nunzia Simona , Tommaselli Antonio Pasquale , Botti Gerardo 
Published: November 2010

AbstractMetastases to the thyroid gland diagnosed by means of fine needle cytology or by excision have been reported in the literature. To our knowledge, metastatic neoplasms to the parathyroid gland have never been described up to now. In this article, we introduce a rare case of metastatic breast carcinoma to a parathyroid adenoma in a 56‐year‐old woman, which clinically simulated a left thyroid nodule. The patient had a history of left breast carcinoma; the recent discovery of a palpable mass in the left thyroid area had elicited fine needle cytology sampling for its diagnostic evaluation. The obtained cytopathological sample was cellular but limited to a single Diff‐Quik‐stained smear; hence, no ancillary studies could be entertained. A cytopathological diagnosis of positive for malignant cells of query metastatic breast origin was performed. The permanent histopathological examination of the surgical sample disclosed multiple small foci of metastatic high‐grade carcinoma of ductal type within a somewhat atypical adenoma of the parathyroid gland. The cytopathological findings and some differential diagnostic considerations are briefly commented, as well as the deranging imaging data concerning this interesting case. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Invariant NKT cells regulate experimental autoimmune uveitis through inhibition of Th17 differentiation
Authors: Oh Keunhee , Byoun Ok‐Jin , Ham Don‐Il , Kim Yon Su , Lee Dong‐Sup 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAlthough NKT cells have been implicated in diverse immunomodulatory responses, the effector mechanisms underlying the NKT cell‐mediated regulation of pathogenic T helper cells are not well understood. Here, we show that invariant NKT cells inhibited the differentiation of CD4+ T cells into Th17 cells both in vitro and in vivo. The number of IL‐17‐producing CD4+ T cells was reduced following co‐culture with purified NK1.1+TCR+ cells from WT, but not from CD1d−/− or Jα18−/−, mice. Co‐cultured NKT cells from either cytokine‐deficient (IL‐4−/−, IL‐10−/−, or IFN‐γ−/−) or WT mice efficiently inhibited Th17 differentiation. The contact‐dependent mechanisms of NKT cell‐mediated regulation of Th17 differentiation were confirmed using transwell co‐culture experiments. On the contrary, the suppression of Th1 differentiation was dependent on IL‐4 derived from the NKT cells. The in vivo regulatory capacity of NKT cells on Th17 cells was confirmed using an experimental autoimmune uveitis model induced with human IRBP1–20 (IRBP, interphotoreceptor retinoid‐binding protein) peptide. NKT cell‐deficient mice (CD1d−/− or Jα18−/−) demonstrated an increased disease severity, which was reversed by the transfer of WT or cytokine‐deficient (IL‐4−/−, IL‐10−/−, or IFN‐γ−/−) NKT cells. Our results indicate that invariant NKT cells inhibited autoimmune uveitis predominantly through the cytokine‐independent inhibition of Th17 differentiation.
Dendritic cell‐restricted CD80/86 deficiency results in peripheral regulatory T‐cell reduction but is not associated with lymphocyte hyperactivation
Authors: Bar‐On Liat , Birnberg Tal , Kim Ki‐wook , Jung Steffen 
Published: December 2010

AbstractClassical DC (cDC) are required for efficient protective T‐cell immunity. Moreover, recent data indicate that cDC also play a critical role in mediating homeostatic proliferation and maintenance of peripheral Treg. Here, we corroborate these findings by defining CD80/CD86 costimulation as an essential molecular component required for the cDC–Treg interactions. In contrast to earlier reports, the reduced Treg compartment of mice lacking cDC or selective CD80/86 expression on cDC, as such, did not render the respective animals prone to systemic lymphocyte hyperactivation or autoimmunity. Rather, we provide evidence that elevated immunoglobulin titers, as well as changes in T‐cell subset prevalence and activation status are strictly associated with the nonmalignant myeloproliferative disorder triggered by the absence of cDC.
Practical Synthesis of β‐Carbonyl Phenyltetrazolesulfones and Investigations of Their Reactivities in Organocatalysis
Authors: Zweifel Theo , Nielsen Martin , Overgaard Jacob , Jacobsen Christian Borch , Jørgensen Karl Anker 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA practical synthesis of β‐carbonyl phenyltetrazolesulfones, useful for a series of enantioselective reactions, is shown. Aryl, alkyl and ester carbonyl compounds all proved to be efficiently synthesised, leading to products in up to >99 % yield over two steps. During this procedure, no special attention to conditions or laborious purification by chromatography is needed. Furthermore, X‐ray crystallography, kinetic studies, as well as NMR and IR investigations provide insights into the reactivities of these compounds in organocatalysis.
Preparation and Characterization of Graphite‐Epoxy Composite Modified with Zinc Hexacyanoferrate and Their Electrochemical Behaviour in Presence of Substituted Anilines
Authors: Fenga Paula Gonçalves , Stradiotto Nelson Ramos , Pividori Maria Isabel 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe growth of zinc hexacyanoferrate (ZnHCF) hybrid film on the surface of graphite‐epoxy composite (GEC) electrodes was demonstrated by cyclic voltammetry. Surface morphology of the hybrid film was investigated by using scanning electron microscopy. The effect of the type of monovalent cations on the redox behaviour of hybrid film was also studied. This effect indicated that the radius of the hydrated cation mainly determines the ion permeability of the film.
Contemporary sample stacking in analytical electrophoresis
Authors: Malá Zdena , Gebauer Petr , Boček Petr 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSample stacking is of vital importance for analytical CE since it may bring the required sensitivity of analyses. A lot of new relevant papers are published every year and regular surveys seem to be very helpful for experts and practitioners. The contribution presented here is a continuation of a series of regularly published reviews on the topic and covers the last two years. It brings a survey of related literature organized, in accord with the main principle used in the procedure published, in the following mainstream sections: Kohlrausch adjustment of concentrations, pH step, micellar systems and combined techniques. Each part covers literature sorted according to the field of application as, e.g. clinical, pharmaceutical, food, environmental, etc.
A study of DNA damage recognition and repair gene polymorphisms in relation to cancer predisposition and G2 chromosomal radiosensitivity
Authors: Curwen Gillian B. , Murphy Samantha , Tawn Elizabeth J. , Winther Jeanette F. , Boice John D. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe previously reported association of the APEX Asp148Glu single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) with cancer, and the suggestion of associations of the XRCC3 Thr241Met and hOGG1 Ser326Cys SNP sites with G2 chromosomal radiosensitivity were investigated in a new study of 30 childhood and young adult cancer survivors, their 30 partners, and 55 offspring. An additional SNP, hOGG1 Arg46Gln was also analyzed. Data on G2 chromosomal radiosensitivity was available on 29 of the families including 53 offspring. No significant associations of genotype with cancer or G2 chromosomal radiosensitivity were observed. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Palaeoenvironments and site formation processes at the Neolithic lakeside settlement of Dispilio, Kastoria, Northern Greece
Authors: Karkanas Panagiotis , Pavlopoulos Kosmas , Kouli Katerina , Ntinou Maria , Tsartsidou Georgia , Facorellis Yorgos , Tsourou Theodora 
Published: December 2010

AbstractDispilio is a lakeside settlement by the Orestias Lake, Kastoria, northern Greece. The site was inhabited from the Middle Neolithic to the Chalcolithic, with some surface evidence of Bronze Age occupation. Microfacies analysis of the sediments, supported by a suite of environmental indices, has provided detailed paleoenvironmental data and elucidated the main processes involved in the formation of the site and its history of occupation. The settlement was established on the lakeshore, on a shallow sand ridge and a shore marsh. Initially, houses were built on raised platforms above the water. After a major conflagration, a range of depositional microenvironments were established that caused local changes in the sedimentation rate. Therefore, some areas quickly emerged and became dry land, while some others continued to be flooded as part of the transitional supra‐littoral environment. On the dry land, houses were built directly on the ground, whereas in the transitional areas houses continued to be built on raised platforms. Thus, gradually, a mound was formed and further shaped by subsequent lake‐level fluctuations. One of the lake‐level rises is tentatively related to the abandonment of the mound in the Chalcolithic and the development of a hardpan on its surface. There is also evidence of later occupation during the Bronze Age in the form of a few, mostly surface, archaeological remains. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.