bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of High-energy Electron Distribution in Pulsar Wind Nebulae
Authors: Liu Yi-Ming , Zeng Hou-Dun , Xin Yu-Liang , Liu Si-Ming , Zhang Yi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we analyze the spectral energy distributions of 17 powerful (with a spin-down luminosity greater than 1035 erg s−1) young (with an age less than 15,000 yr) pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) using a simple time-independent one-zone emission model. Our aim is to investigate correlations between model parameters and the ages of the corresponding PWNe, thereby revealing the evolution of high-energy electron distributions within PWNe. Our findings are as follows: (1) The electron distributions in PWNe can be characterized by a double power-law with a super-exponential cutoff. (2) As PWNe evolve, the high-energy end of the electron distribution spectrum becomes harder with the index decreasing from approximately 3.5 to 2.5, while the low-energy end spectrum index remains constant near 1.5. (3) There is no apparent correlation between the break energy or cutoff energy and the age of PWNe. (4) The average magnetic field within PWNe decreases with age, leading to a positive correlation between the energy loss timescale of electrons at the break energy or the high-energy cutoff, and the age of the PWN. (5) The total electron energy within PWNe remains constant near 2 × 1048 erg, while the total magnetic energy decreases with age.
Mechanical Properties of Basalt / Chopped E-Glass Fiber and Graphite Powder Reinforced Hybrid Composites
Authors: Bhargavi R , Ajay Kumar V , Madhusudan S , Rajesh S 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In the current investigation an effort has put to study the effect of E-glass chopped mat and graphite powder in variations of 5g, 10g, and 15g on the tensile and flexural behavior of a basalt fiber-reinforced epoxy composite laminate reinforced with E-Glass fiber and Graphite powder. Hand layup technique has been used for the fabrication of the composites. Tensile, flexural, impact, and hardness tests were done on the Basalt/E-glass/Graphite epoxy composite in accordance with ASTM standards. The results indicate significant improvement in tensile strength, impact strength and hardness when E-glass was incorporated in the basalt/epoxy composite. However, basalt/E-glass/10% graphite epoxy composite was shown to have a greater flexural strength. An excellent dispersion of the reinforcements in the polymeric matrix, which elevated surface area for solid interfacial contact and effective load transmission, could possibly be accountable for the improved performance of the laminates that were successfully developed.
A review on machinability and optimization of machining parameters of metal matrix composites
Authors: Kumar Kotteda Tarun , Kumar Manoj , Kumar Pramod , Gupta Ajay , Murali Krishnam Raju K V 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe advancement in the state-of-the-art materials that are harder and difficult to cut till date have led to the upgradation towards cutting-edge technologies for machining them. In recent times, utilization of advanced materials in various domains such as aerospace, automobile industries etc. is significantly increases due to the requirement in the aspect of lighter in weight and hardness. At present study, investigations by many researchers on various machining processes and optimization techniques used so far in several metal matrix composites are mentioned. This includes conventional and unconventional machining methods and the user-friendly optimization techniques such as response surface methodology, artificial neural network, fuzzy logic, and Taguchi approach. In addition to these, this study emphasizes on the modelling of the machining processes in MMCs. Finally, open issues and conclusions drawn on the machinability and optimization of tailor-made composites are illustrated with reference to surface finish.
Investigations on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of HAp Nanocomposites reinforced with ZrO2 and TiO2
Authors: Ajay Kumar V , Rama Murty Raju P. , Bhargavi R , Madhusudan S , Rajesh S 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In the contemporary context, approximately 15 million individuals in India grapple with bone-related issues stemming from accidents, fractures, bone mass depletion, and the natural aging process. To address this challenge, a diverse array of biomaterials has been innovated to rectify or enhance bone deficiencies within the human body. Nevertheless, over the past decade, calcium phosphate-based bioceramic materials have gained significant prominence as synthetic alternatives for bone and dental applications in the fields of orthopaedics and dentistry. One such bioactive ceramic, Hydroxyapatite (HAp), boasts exceptional versatility and can find utility in both dental and orthopaedic contexts. In the current research, exhaustive research was conducted to explore the impact of HAp/(ZrO2+TiO2) hybrid nano-composites synthesized through a mechanical synthesis process employing high-energy ball milling (HEBM), incorporating varying weight proportions. The resulting “HAp/(ZrO2+TiO2) nano-composites” were subjected to characterization through scanning electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Furthermore, the study assessed the influence of these nano-composites regarding the HAp nano-composites’ mechanical characteristics.
A Comprehensive Review of the Effect of Additives on Microalgae Biodiesel Performance and Emissions
Authors: Srinivasa Vara Prasad Adina , Murali Krishnam Raju K V , Krishna Bhaskar K , Kumar Kotteda Tarun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The production and utilization of biodiesel derived from microalgae have gained significant attention as a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. However, the intrinsic properties of microalgae biodiesel can limit its performance and lead to undesirable emissions. This paper summarizes the impact of additives on microalgae biodiesel, focusing on their influence on performance and emissions. Additives play a crucial role in improving the overall quality and efficiency of microalgae biodiesel. They encompass a range of compounds, including antioxidants, stabilizers, and combustion enhancers. These additives have been studied extensively to elucidate their effects on fuel properties, engine performance, and exhaust emissions. By modifying the physicochemical properties of microalgae biodiesel, additives can enhance its stability, cetane number, and oxidative resistance, thereby promoting efficient combustion and reducing emissions of harmful pollutants. This review concludes that the usage of additives to the algae biodiesel leads to improved combustion performance and emission reduction.
Influence of Photonics and Plasmonics Effect on Ultrathin Amorphous Silicon Thin Film Solar Cell
Authors: Saravanan S. , Dubey R.S. , Srikanth S. , Jagadeeswara rao D. , Someswararao M.V. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Our recent surge in silicon derived materials has major demand in thin film photovoltaic (PV) modules and enhancing the significant numbers. The rigorous coupled wave analysis method is a simple and fast method also known as developed to determine the light absorption and cell efficiency. The optics of thin film solar cells (amorphous silicon) garnering crucial role in the photovoltaic market. In this work, an ultrathin thin film amorphous silicon solar cell PV performance investigated by periodically textured surfaces at the nanoscale level. This analysis of periodic textured substrate was deriving optimal surface textures. The nanogratings lead to light scattering mechanism with the higher order diffraction angle and enhanced the light absorption of the incidence spectrum. The influence of grating period and height, the collection of the charge carriers increased at various wavelengths from ultraviolet, visible and infrared spectral regions are discussed with the assistance of photonic and plasmonic modes. Finally, nanoscale engineering mechanism the optimized thin film amorphous silicon solar cell yielded the highest current densities (22.6 and 23.8 mA/cm2) in both polarization modes.
Application of mobile laser measurement system in railway inspection
Authors: Liu Hao , Yao Lianbi , Wu Hangbin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Given the time constraints and demanding precision requirements of railway measurements, traditional measurement methods struggle to meet the inspection needs for the future expansion and renovation of extensive rail networks. This paper presents a railway data collection and processing system developed by using mobile laser scanning technology. To address the issue of error accumulation exceeding predefined limits in the positioning algorithm, we conducted a comprehensive study and utilized smoothing algorithms to correct acceleration and attitude angles. This optimization process not only enhances trajectory data but also improves the accuracy of the point cloud. The results indicate that this system holds significant importance in the realms of railway digital survey and design, as well as digital renovation and related areas.
Automatic detection of sewer defects based on yolov5
Authors: Tang Xuefeng , Zhao Zekuan , He Chunlin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
As cities modernize, sewer systems continue to expand. However, pipe problems may lead to accidents such as sewage overflow. The traditional sewerage pipe detection technology suffers from low accuracy and inefficiency and mainly relies on manual visual identification, which is prone to subjective errors. In this paper, a new Sewer-Yolov58 model is proposed to solve this problem, which is improved based on the original Yolov5 for real-time detection of sewerage problems to detect pipeline problems in time and is favorable for the subsequent repair work. Through comparison experiments with other models, the results show that the improved Sewer-Yolov58 model has a more efficient and accurate detection effect.
A novel design and application of anti-biofouling system of buoy sensor based on sampling measuring method
Authors: Li Lei , Chen Shizhe , Kong Qinglin , Zheng Liang , Song Miaomiao 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The stability and reliability of sensors significantly influence the quality of the ocean buoy data. The long-time submersion of sensors increases the risk of biofouling, leading to a decline in data quality and malfunctions. To resolve this problem, this paper presents an automatic seawater sampling and drainage system based on the formation principles and characteristics of biofilms. The sensor is exposed to seawater only during the measurement cycle, minimizing the contact time with seawater. This disrupts the conditions for the formation and growth of marine microorganisms. A comparative experiment was conducted at a shore station by using different methods, and the measurement data were analyzed. The study demonstrated the applicability and efficiency of the proposed method compared to traditional methods in measuring temperature, salinity, and chlorophyll. In conclusion, we point out the disadvantages of the method and emphasize future research.
Miner pose detection algorithm based on improved YOLOv7 in the coal mine
Authors: Wang Shuqi , Li Junyu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The unsafe behavior of workers in underground mines is a major cause of accidents. Recently, deep learning technology has become more and more widely used in the computer field and has achieved remarkable results, providing new opportunities for the research of miner behavior recognition algorithms. To address the current problem of large computation volume and low detection efficiency of multi-person posture detection in underground mines, we propose an improved algorithm that introduces the GSConv convolution module into the YOLOv7-Pose model and replaces the ELEN-W module with the GSELEN module to accelerate model convergence. We also introduce a group-convolution reconstruction SPPCSPC module to reduce parameter load and calculation amount and reduce the original 17 joint points to 14 joints to further realize a lightweight model. The experimental results showed that the improved YOLOv7-Pose model in this study decreased to 135.7 MB, by about 18.8%, while maintaining model accuracy. Therefore, this improvement can achieve a lightweight algorithm and improve real-time posture detection of construction workers in underground mines while ensuring model accuracy.
Data preprocessing for flatness measurements of large precision workpieces
Authors: Huang Shansheng , Pang Yongyin , Xia Huiheng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Measuring the flatness error of large precision workpieces quickly and accurately is a difficult problem. A new method for preprocessing flatness measurement data based on MSE (mean squared error) is proposed. A mathematical model of a new data preprocessing method was established, and the mathematical formula for model solving was derived in detail. The data were measured by digital level on the plane of the granite base with dimensions of 2340 m×1540 mm. The new method and SmartLevel (basic measurement system of the level computer) were used to calculate and process the data. The flatness errors after diagonal evaluation were 4.07 μm and 3.90 μm, respectively. The relative error of the two was 4.36%, which confirmed the reliability and accuracy of the new method. The data results show that this method can be effectively used for the engineering measurement of the flatness of large precision workpieces.
Research on tree-based support generation algorithm for fused deposition modeling
Authors: Zhou Zhaolin , Wang Di 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A tree-based support generation algorithm based on Fused Deposition Modeling is proposed to optimize support material consumption. The algorithm first identifies dangerous facets and partitions them. Support points are obtained using either a grid sampling method or a contour sampling method based on the ratio of the horizontal projection area of the dangerous area to the area of the bounding rectangle. Then, support segments are generated from top to bottom based on specified constraint angles. Slicing the support segments with height planes at specified intervals produces sliced support points. Finally, support contours and infill are generated around these points. To ensure model quality and facilitate support removal, a predetermined distance is maintained between the top of the support and the model, and the contour diameter decreases near the model. Experimental results comparing this algorithm with alternative support generation methods demonstrate its ability to effectively support overhanging regions while reducing printing time and material consumption.
Design of single-laser remote methane gas measurement system with distance measurement based on time-division multiplexing technology
Authors: Wu Qi , Yang Yuanjin , Xu Yang , Wang Wenlong , Men Chao , Yang Bingxiong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Limited to the principle of Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) technology, the existing open-path laser remote methane measurement system can only measure the integral concentration, and it needs to be matched with a laser rangefinder to complete the calculation of the average concentration, which increases the complexity of the system. To solve this problem, by driving the laser diode (LD) in time-division multiplexing mode, we complete the integral concentration of gas and distance measurement with the use of a single LD. We complete the design of the laser signal transceiver structure and finish the corresponding hardware circuit design, including the LD driving circuit, frequency generation, mixer circuit, and optoelectronic signal receiving circuit. The experiment shows the measurement error of the system is less than 2.5% while measuring the average concentration in the case of different concentrations and distances, and the system greatly reduces the system complexity while satisfying the performance requirements.
Sperm kinematic characteristics of pasundan bulls during frozen semen processing
Authors: Santoso  , Sitaresmi P I , Mahari D A , Anwar R I , Lupitasaria F B , Herdis  , Arifiantini R I 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEvaluation of the kinematic characteristics of sperm motility can be used to predict the fertility rate of sperm. The age of the bull frequently affects sperm quality. Pasudan bulls are Indonesian indigenous germplasm that require to be conserved and populated through Artificial Insemination (AI). AI efficacy rate is determined by parameters of sperm quality, such as motility. This research explored the kinematic characteristics of sperm motility in the under seven years and above seven years age categories. The freezing process parameters were measured at several stages, including fresh semen characteristics, post-dilution, postequilibration, and post-thawing. Ten heads of Pasundan bulls aged 3-6 years were divided into groups: group A, under seven years old (four bulls), and Group B, more than seven years old (six bulls). Following the established procedure, the obtained sperm was processed into frozen semen in a silicone vaginal. of the Ciamis Regional Artificial Insemination Centre. The parameters obtained were sperm viability, membrane integrity, abnormalities, motility characteristics, and motility kinematics. The data showed there was a significantly difference (p<0.05) in almost all the kinematic parameters at the post-dilution stage, except in the progressive motility parameter, which was group B (42.67 ± 9.54%) didn’t significant vary (p>0.05) from that of group A (37.77 ± 4.54%). The data also showed that the motility of frozen sperm in group A (<40%) was significantly lower than in group B. The study concluded that the progressive motility and kinematic characteristics of sperm during equilibration were not significantly different in all age groups; in contrast, Group A’s postdilution and post-thawing quality were significantly higher than Group B’s.
Cross and reciprocal effects on growth traits in a diallel mating involving four selected genetic groups of native chickens
Authors: Telupere Franky M.S. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study was conducted to estimate the specific cross and reciprocal effects on body weight traits in a diallel mating involving four selected genetic groups of native chickens. Experimental stocks were four genetic groups of native chicken, i.e. Paraokan (A), Banaba (B), Camarines (C), and Bolinao (D. Each cross per genetic group consisted of 3 roosters and 9 hens with 25 and 26 months old as parental stocks. A total of 362 F1 hybrids were used in this study. Observation on the growth traits were carried out for 16 weeks. A full diallel cross design were used in this study. Results of cross which were estimated with specific combining ability (SCA) showed varying magnitudes in the estimates of all ages considered. The BC cross consistently showed the highest SCA effect at 4,8,12, and 16 weeks of age. The reciprocal effects of DB and DC showed positive estimates at all ages studied, indicated that they may have higher potential than the original cross in term of improving the body weight traits.
The head and body morphometrics of semi-intensively managed Kacang goats in the Talawi district, Sawahlunto, Indonesia
Authors: Lendrawati  , Apriyani T , Hamdasari G , Alvi S F 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Morphometric characterization is the foundation for conservation initiatives, performance enhancement, breeding, and a long-term utilization strategy. This study aimed to determine the morphometrics of Kacang goats under a semi-intensive system in Talawi District, Sawahlunto, based on different ages and sexes. This study used 221 total Kacang goats (140 female and 81 male). Morphometric measurements included the head length, head width, head height, chest girth, body length, and shoulder height. A descriptive analysis approach was utilized in this study, with mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation presented. The findings demonstrated that the head and body size of Kacang goats in Talawi increased by age, with female sizes higher than male goats. Adult goats showed chest girth, body length, and shoulder height less than the Indonesian Standard for the Kacang breed. According to the findings of this study, Kacang Goats in Talawi have features below the SNI standard, and female goats have larger morphometric sizes than male goats. Selection programs and the introduction of superior males should be done to improve the productivity of Kacang goats in Talawi.
Body measurements and body weight from the crossing of Swamp Buffalo with Murrah Buffalo in Tanjung Bonai Regency, Lintau Buo Utara Subdistrict, Tanah Datar District
Authors: Aritonang S N , Roza E , Yetmaneli  , Reswati  , Sandra A , Najla N 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study aimed to determine the body measurements and body weight of crossbred Swamp buffalo with Murrah buffalo in Nagari Tanjung Bonai, Tanah Datar Regency, West Sumatra. This study used 42 buffaloes from the crossing of Swamp buffalo with Murrah buffalo aged <12 months, 12-24 months, and >24 months. The methods used in this study were survey and census. The research location was determined based on the location of the crossbred buffaloes. The data collected consisted of primary data and secondary data. The variables observed were chest circumference, body length, shoulder height, and body weight. Data were analyzed descriptively, including mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of variance. The results showed: Chest circumference of buffaloes at <12 months old males 145 cm and females 140.13 cm; 12-24 months old males 182.75 cm and females 175.33 cm; and>24 months old males 199.56 cm and females 181.14 cm. Buffaloes’ body length at the aged <12 months old males 101.33 cm and females 95.87 cm, 12-24 months old males 127.25 cm and females 115.33 cm, and > 24 months old males 141.78 cm and females 127.71 cm. Buffaloes’ shoulder height at <12 months old males 100.11 cm and females 97.25 cm, 12-24 months old males 121.75 cm and females 119.50 cm, and >24 months old males 141.11 cm and females 126 cm. Body weight of buffaloes at the age of <12 months 270.48 kg and 232.96 kg, age 12-24 months male 410.27 kg and female 379.75 kg, and age >24 months male 472.50 kg and female 403.97 kg. This study concluded that male and female buffaloes from crossing Swamp buffalo with Murrah buffalo had chest circumference, body length, shoulder height, and body weight that increased with age. Male buffaloes have a larger size than female buffaloes.