bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aspirin Use Is Associated With an Improved Long‐Term Survival in an Unselected Population Presenting With Unstable Angina
Authors: Razzouk Louai , Mathew Verghese , Lennon Ryan J. , Aneja Ashish , Mozes Joshua I. , Wiste Heather J. , Muntner Paul , Chesebro James H. , Farkouh Michael E. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackgroundFew published data are available on the benefits of aspirin use in patients with unstable angina (UA).HypothesisAspirin use carries a mortality benefit in a population‐based cohort of patients presenting with UA.MethodsAll residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota presenting to local emergency departments with acute chest pain from January 1985 through December 1992 having symptoms consistent with UA were identified through medical records. A total of 1628 patients were identified with UA and were stratified by aspirin use in‐hospital and at discharge. Cardiovascular mortality and nonfatal myocardial infarction and stroke were assessed over a median of 7.5 years follow‐up and all‐cause mortality data over a median of 16.7 years. The mean age of patients with UA was 65 years, and 60% were men.ResultsAfter a median of 7.5 years follow‐up, all‐cause and cardiovascular‐mortality rates were lower among patients prescribed versus not prescribed aspirin on discharge. There were 949 postdischarge deaths over the median follow‐up of 16.7 years. After multivariable adjustment, aspirin use at discharge was associated with a lower long‐term mortality (hazard ratio 0.78; 95% confidence interval, 0.65–0.93).ConclusionsAspirin use at hospital discharge following UA is associated with a reduction in long‐term mortality. This long‐term study extends prior trial results from select populations to a population‐based cohort. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.This study was made possible by the Rochester Epidemiology Project (grant no. R01‐AR30582 from the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases). The authors have no other funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Missed Opportunities in the Management of ST‐Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction in the Arab Middle East: Patient and Physician Impediments
Authors: Al‐Mallah Mouaz H. , Alsheikh‐Ali Alawi A. , Almahmeed Wael , Sulaiman Kadhim , Al Suwaidi Jassim , Ridha Mustafa , Al‐Motarreb Ahmed , Alenezi Fahad , Zubaid Mohammad 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackgroundLack of timely reperfusion therapy in patients with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) has been associated with worse outcomes. The aim of this study is to identify the frequency and predictors of delayed presentation and missed reperfusion in patients with STEMI in the Gulf Register of Acute Coronary Events (Gulf RACE) registry.Delayed Presentation and missed reperfusion is associated with increased in hospital mortality in STEMI patients.MethodsGulf RACE is a prospective, multinational study of all consecutive patients hospitalized with the final diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome in 65 centers in 6 Arab countries. In this analysis, we included 3197 patients with STEMI. The independent predictors of delayed presentation and missed reperfusion therapy were identified using multivariate logistic regression.ResultsIn total, 929 patients presented > 12 hours after symptom onset. The independent predictors of late presentation are older age, atypical symptoms, no family history of coronary artery disease, and being in Yemen. Of the 2268 STEMI patients presenting early, a total of 205 patients (9.3%) did not receive reperfusion therapy despite no contraindications (shortfall). The independent predictors of not receiving appropriate reperfusion therapy are older age, prior stroke, being in Yemen, and atypical symptoms. Lack of reperfusion therapy due to shortfall or delayed presentation was associated with increased in‐hospital mortality.ConclusionsNearly one‐third of patients with STEMI in the Arab Middle East present to the hospital > 12 hours after symptom onset, and nearly 1 in 10 eligible patients do not receive any reperfusion therapy. Community and physician awareness programs are needed to increase the utilization of appropriate lifesaving therapies. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion Evaluation Improves Selection of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Patients
Authors: Cappelli Francesco , Cristina Porciani Maria , Ricceri Ilaria , Perrotta Laura , Ricciardi Giuseppe , Pieragnoli Paolo , Paladini Giulia , Michelucci Antonio , Padeletti Luigi 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe beneficial effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) on left ventricular (LV) remodeling have been extensively described. Few data are available about the effects of CRT on right ventricular (RV) function and remodeling.HypothesisWe hypothesized that CRT could also induce reverse remodeling in the right ventricle and that RV baseline functional status expressed as tricuspidal annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) could affect CRT response.MethodsEchocardiographic investigation was performed before and 6 months after CRT. In 192 patients, TAPSE, LV, and RV dimensions with functional parameters and LV dyssynchrony index were evaluated.ResultsAt 6 months' follow‐up, 86 patients (45%) were responders to CRT according to at least 15% LV end‐systolic volume reduction. Among baseline echocardiographic parameters, responders had significantly lower TAPSE, larger LV volumes, and higher LV dyssynchrony index. In responders, LV volume reduction, ejection fraction increase, and mitral regurgitation improvement were associated with RV dimensions reduction, increased TAPSE, and improved LV dyssynchrony. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that TAPSE, at 17 mm optimal cutoff, yielded 64% sensitivity and 60% specificity in predicting CRT response; similarly, LV dyssynchrony index, at 41.25 ms optimal cutoff, predicted CRT response with 60% sensitivity and 62% specificity. A subgroup analysis demonstrated that the coexistence of high TAPSE and high dyssynchrony index values increased probability of CRT response.ConclusionsOur results show that CRT induces RV and LV reverse remodeling and that CRT patient selection can be improved by simply measuring TAPSE value. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Alternative splicing of neuroligin and its protein distribution in the outer plexiform layer of the chicken retina
Authors: Wahlin Karl J. , Hackler Laszlo , Adler Ruben , Zack Donald J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAlthough synaptogenesis within the retina is obviously essential for vision, mechanisms responsible for the initiation and maintenance of retinal synapses are poorly understood. In addition to its scientific interest, understanding retinal synapse formation is becoming clinically relevant with ongoing efforts to develop transplantation‐based approaches for the treatment of retinal degenerative disease. To extend our understanding, we have focused on the chick model system and have studied the neuroligin family of neuronal adhesion factors that has been shown to participate in synapse assembly in the brain. We identified chicken orthologs of neuroligins 1, ‐3, and ‐4, but could find no evidence of neuroligin 2. We investigated temporal and spatial patterns of mRNA and protein expression during development using standard polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), quantitative PCR (QPCR), laser‐capture microdissection (LCM), and confocal microscopy. At the mRNA level, neuroligins were detected at the earliest period tested, embryonic day (ED)5, which precedes the period of inner retina synaptogenesis. Significant alternative splicing was observed through development. While neuroligin gene products were generally detected in the inner retina, low levels of neuroligin 1 mRNA were also detected in the photoreceptor layer. Neuroligin 3 and ‐4 transcripts, on the other hand, were only detected in the inner retina. At retinal synapses neuroligin 1 protein was detected in the inner plexiform layer, but its highest levels were detected in the outer plexiform layer on the tips of horizontal cell dendrites. This work lays the groundwork for future studies on the functional roles of the neuroligins within the retina. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:4938–4962, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Delayed reinnervation by nonpeptidergic nociceptive afferents of the glabrous skin of the rat hindpaw in a neuropathic pain model
Authors: Peleshok Jennifer C. , Ribeiro‐da‐Silva Alfredo 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPainful peripheral neuropathies have been associated with a reorganization of skin innervation. However, the detailed changes in skin innervation by the different afferent fiber types following a neuropathic nerve injury have never been characterized in an animal model of neuropathic pain. Our objective was to thoroughly characterize such changes in the thick skin of the foot in a well‐established rat model of neuropathic pain, namely, the chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. We used the immunofluorescence detection of calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP), purinergic receptor P2X3, and NF200 as markers of peptidergic nociceptive fibers, nonpeptidergic nociceptive C fibers, and myelinated afferents, respectively. We observed that CCI‐operated animals developed significant mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia as well as thermal hyperalgesia. At 3 days following nerve injury, all CCI‐operated animals had a significant decrease in the density of fibers immunoreactive (IR) for CGRP, P2X3, and NF200 within the upper dermis. A recovery of CGRP‐IR fibers occurred within 4 weeks of nerve injury and sprouting above control levels was observed at 16 weeks. However, the myelinated (NF200‐IR) fibers never recovered to control levels within a period of 16 weeks following nerve injury. Interestingly, the P2X3‐IR fibers took considerably more time to recover than the CGRP‐IR fibers following the initial loss. A loss in P2X3‐IR fibers persisted to 16 weeks and recovered to levels above that of control at 1.5 years following nerve injury. Further studies are required to clarify the relevance of these innervation changes for neuropathic pain generation and maintenance. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:49‐63, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Finite genus solutions to the Ablowitz‐Ladik equations
Authors: Miller Peter D. , Ercolani Nicholas M. , Krichever Igor M. , Levermore C. David 
Published: September 2010

AbstractGeneric wave train solutions to the complex Ablowitz‐Ladik equations are developed using methods of algebraic geometry. The inverse spectral transform is used to realize these solutions as potentials in a spatially discrete linear operator. The manifold of wave trains is infinite‐dimensional, but is stratified by finite‐dimensional submanifolds indexed by nonnegative integers g. Each of these strata is a foliation whose leaves are parametrized by the moduli space of (possibly singular) hyperelliptic Riemann surfaces of genus g. The generic leaf is a g‐dimensional complex torus. Thus, each wave train is constructed from a finite number of complex numbers comprising a set of spectral data, indicating that the wave train has a finite number of degrees of freedom. Our construction uses a new Lax pair differing from that originally given by Ablowitz and Ladik. This new Lax pair allows a simplified construction that avoids some of the degeneracies encountered in previous analyses that make use of the original discretized AKNS Lax pair. Generic wave trains are built from Baker‐Akhiezer functions on nonsingular Riemann surfaces having distinct branch points, and the construction is extended to handle singular Riemann surfaces that are pinched off at a coinciding pair of branch points. The corresponding solutions in the pinched case may also be derived from wave trains belonging to nonsingular surfaces using Bäcklund transformations. The problem of reducing the complex Ablowitz‐Ladik equations to the focusing and defocusing versions of the discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation is solved by specifying which spectral data correspond to focusing or defocusing potentials. Within the class of finite genus complex potentials, spatially periodic potentials are isolated, resulting in a formula for the solution to the spatially periodic initial‐value problem. Formal modulation equations governing slow evolution of (g + 1)‐phase wave trains are developed, and a gauge invariance is used to simplify the equations in the focusing and defocusing cases. In both of these cases, the modulation equations can be either hyperbolic (suggesting modulational stability) or elliptic (suggesting modulational instability), depending upon the local initial data. As has been shown to be the case with modulation equations for other integrable systems, hyperbolic data will remain hyperbolic under the evolution, at least until infinite derivatives develop.
The Last of the Five: the Elusive “Tantalum(III) Bromide”, a Perovskite‐Related Salt, [{Ta6}Br12]Br3[TaBr6]0.86 (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 26/2010)
Authors: Habermehl Katja , Mudring Anja‐Verena , Meyer Gerd 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe cover picture shows the crystal structure of “tantalum tribromide”, which is, in fact, a perovskite‐related salt, [{Ta6}Br12]Br3[TaBr6]0.86. Unlike the mythical King Tantalos who was not allowed to grasp the fruits above his head, Habermehl et al. (page 4075 ff.) were blessed to pick this magnificent fruit that had to ripen for 45 years. Copyright permission for the background picture (The Punishment of Tantalus) was obtained from Photo © maicar.com
Absolute Configuration and Docking Study of Canescensterone, a Potent Phytoecdysteroid, with Non‐Lepidopteran Ecdysteroid Receptor Selectivity
Authors: Sun Han , Dinan Laurence , Lafont René , Suksamrarn Apichart , Griesinger Christian , Reinscheid Uwe , Lapenna Silvia 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe rare phytoecdysteroid canescensterone is a potent activator of both natural and engineered ecdysteroid receptor (EcR) gene‐expression systems. This steroid also shows a remarkable selectivity towards non‐lepidopteran compared with lepidopteran EcRs in gene‐switch assays, a property that makes it a novel candidate lead compound for use in insecticide discovery and gene‐switch design. Canescensterone possesses an unusual ecdysteroid structure, including a pyrrole‐2‐carboxylate group attached to C‐24, a moiety not yet found in any other natural ecdysteroid. We have investigated the ambiguous stereochemistry at C‐24 of this steroid by 1D and 2D solution NMR experiments, which resulted in the assignment of the 24R‐configuration and determination of the side‐chain conformation. The completestereochemical assignment allowed the generation of docking models of canescensterone in both a lepidopteran EcR and a non‐lepidopteran EcR, which helps to explain its selective biological activity.
Splitting algorithms in channels with markovian capture
Authors: Seri Matan , Sidi Moshe 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn this paper we study the performance of tree‐like splitting collision resolution algorithms in channels with markovian capture. In particular, we assume that in each slot the channel can be in one of two states ‐b (for “bad”) and g (for “good”). When the channel is in state b, a capture can never occur. When the channel is in state g and n nodes (n ≥ 2) are transmitting, a capture occurs with probability πn. The sequence of channel states is assumed to be a homogeneous Markov chain. We derive the throughput of a splitting tree‐like multiple access algorithm for this channel. We also provide simulation results for the average delay.
Evaluation of UPC functions for peak cell rate enforcement
Authors: Hemmer Hilde 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA number of Usage Parameter Control (UPC) functions are compared with respect to their ability to detect violation of the negotiated traffic contract. The traffic contract parameters in this study are the peak cell rate and the maximum cell delay variation (CDV). In order to take cell delay variation into account, tolerances must be introduced in the UPC functions. This simulation study investigates how this affects their ability to detect contract violation. None of the window mechanisms studied have been found capable of detecting all types of contract violation.
A TMN approach to traffic control in B‐ISDN
Authors: Bagnasco Enrico , Burgassi Marco , Castelli Paolo 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper presents an approach to B‐ISDN traffic control functionality allocation in the framework of the TMN reference configuration developed within the RACE Programme by project R1053 TERRACE. The TMN concept has been introduced by standardization activities to support the management requirements of the Administrations, and its basic idea is to provide an architecture to achieve the interconnection between Operation Systems and Network Elements for the exchange of management information using standardised interfaces. Within TERRACE this concept has been revised in order to cater for the complex IBC network and service environment proposed by RACE and the TMN reference configuration has been defined as composed of a set of models, namely the structural framework and the functional, information, communication and usage models. The paper will primarily focus on the relationship between the TMN and the B‐ISDN traffic control functionality, with the objective to propose their allocation to the TMN functional blocks.
Prediction of site diversity performance in satellite communications systems affected by rain attenuation: Extension of the two layer rain model
Authors: Matricciani Emilio 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSite diversity is a classical countermeasure to rain attenuation in satellite communications systems at frequencies above 10 GHz. The paper has extended the Two‐Layer Rain Model to predict site diversity performance. Simple physical and statistical hypotheses have been assumed from which the formulae to calculate the bivariate probability distribution of the diversity link have been derived (it is not a best fit model) by standard calculations. The model has been then tested against a large experimental data set of direct (beacon+radiometer) and indirect (radar) experiments, with frequencies up to 30 GHz and distances from 2 km to 48 km. Defining the error ϵ = gpre. – gmea, where g = G/A is the ratio between the diversity gain and the single link attenuation (at a given probability), we have obtained <ϵ> = 0.037 and √<ϵ2> = 0.129. The model is thus not biased. Similar results have been obtained when ϵ is conditioned to frequency or site separation. The predictions have been then compared to those obtained from Hodge's well‐known formula. The two methods give about the same statistical errors: this means that the simple physical and statistical hypotheses of the Two‐Layer Rain Model hold on average. As the present model needs only a meteorological quantity (i.e. the rain‐rate distribution) and gives a complete “picture” of the statistical process of attenuation, its applicability is more general than Hodge's formula.
An improved character description method based on generalized fourier descriptors
Authors: Niemel Leon‐Paul W. , Prasad Ramjee 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAn improved method is presented to describe handwritten characters in terms of Generalized Fourier Descriptors (GFDs). There are two important problems in describing handwritten characters, namely straight line fitting and circle matching problems. The appropriate methods for obtaining the solutions of these two problems are presented. These results were applied on handwritten characters in oeder to have a simple character description in which characters are approximated by straight line pieces and circle segments. Using these results, calculations were then performed on the characters to obtain their GFDs. These calculations can be useful in the fields of character recognition and signature validation. Moreover, since this description is based on simple curves, it will have rfficient coding when data tranamission is concerned.
Letter: Performance evaluation of analytical models for effective bandwidth allocation in ATM networks
Authors: Sykas E. D. , Vlakos K. M. , Tsoukatos K. P. , Protonotarios E. N. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSome promising methods for the analysis of ATM systems calculate the buffer overflow instead of ATM cell loss probability. This is done under the presumption that buffer overflow probability is an adequate estimate for the ATM cell loss probability. These two performance parameters may differ considerably in some cases. For instance, if the mean load offered to a link slightly exceeds the link capacity, then the buffer overflow probability equals to one. On the contrary the cell loss probability may be much less than one. The paper shows how to use these methods so as to compute cell loss and examines in detail their relative performance and suitability for the description of an ATM multiplexing environment.
Theoretical characterisation and practical implementation of optical fibre PPM self synchronisation sequences
Authors: Elmirghani Jaafar M. H. , Cryan Robert A. , Clayton Mike 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA novel technique for estimating the optical fibre PPM frame phase and eliminating the pattern dependent jitter is proposed while practical implementations and a mathematical characterisation for the technique are reported. Use is made of naturally occurring sequences thus avoiding the sensitivity and bit rate penalties associated with the previous methods. Tracking additional sequences is demonstrated and shown to be beneficial resulting in a frame rate discrete component enhancement of 10.8 dB and timing variance reduction from 12 × 10−3 rad2 to 3.6 × 10−3 rod2. Utilising the systematic jitter rejection method proposed resulted in a measured timing variance reduction from 3.6 × 10−3 rad2 to 4.2 × 10−5 rod2. The limit is imposed by the PLL performance while good correlation is depicted with the theoretical model.