bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathobiology: when the tumor is the target.
Authors: Richardson A , Carey L 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Abstract #ES-5
Breast cancer evaluation and treatment has benefited markedly from expanding understanding of the anatomic and molecular mechanisms that control cell growth and metastasis. Traditional staging has been augmented by genomic-based assays, targetable differences among tumors have emerged, and the future holds promise that we will be able to individualize and optimize treatment based upon identifiable tumor and host characteristics. This education session will:&#x2028; - Review molecular pathways relevant to breast cancer development and growth&#x2028; - Discuss how genomics has expanded our understanding of breast cancer biology and behavior&#x2028; - Examine how modern molecular biology is applied clinically
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr ES-5.
A Modified Sesamol Derivative Inhibits Progression of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Ying Zhekang , Kherada Nisharahmed , Kampfrath Thomas , Mihai Georgeta , Simonetti Orlando , Desikan Rajagopal , Selvendiran Karuppaiyah , Sun Qinghua , Ziouzenkova Ouiliana , Parthasarathy Sampath , Rajagopalan Sanjay 
Published: December 2010

Objective—
Sesamol, a phenolic component of lignans, has been previously shown to reduce lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative stress and upregulate phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathways. In the present study, we synthesized a modified form of sesamol (INV-403) to enhance its properties and assessed its effects on atherosclerosis.

Methods and Results—
Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits were fed with high-cholesterol chow for 6 weeks and then randomized to receive high-cholesterol diet either alone or combined with INV-403 (20 mg/kg per day) for 12 weeks. Serial MRI analysis demonstrated that INV-403 rapidly reduced atherosclerotic plaques (within 6 weeks), with confirmatory morphological analysis at 12 weeks posttreatment revealing reduced atherosclerosis paralleled by reduction in lipid and inflammatory cell content. Consistent with its effect on atherosclerosis, INV-403 improved vascular function (decreased constriction to angiotensin II and increased relaxation to acetylcholine), reduced systemic and plaque oxidative stress, and inhibited nuclear factor–κB activation via effects on nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha (IκBα) phosphorylation with coordinate reduction in key endothelial adhesion molecules. In vitro experiments in cultured endothelial cells revealed effects of INV-403 in reducing IκBα phosphorylation via inhibition of IκB kinase 2 (IKK2).

Conclusion—
INV-403 is a novel modified lignan derivative that potently inhibits atherosclerosis progression via its effects on IKK2 and nuclear factor–κB signaling.
A skeletochronological study of age, growth and longevity of Rana macrocnemis populations from four locations at different altitudes in Turkey
Authors: Kutrup Bilal , Özdemir Nurhayat , Bülbül Ufuk , Çakır Emel 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
We examined life-history traits such as population age structure, growth and
longevity of Iranian Long-Legged frogs (Rana macrocnemis) from 4 different
locations at different altitudes in Turkey by skeletochronology performed on
the phalanges. The maximum lifespan was 5 years in Maçka (350 m a.s.l.), 6
years in Hıdırnebi (1430 m a.s.l.), 8 years in Sarıkamış (2276 m a.s.l.) and
10 years in Ovit (2850 m a.s.l.). Age at sexual maturity of both males and
females was 2-3 years in the Maçka, Hıdırnebi and Sarıkamış populations,
while 3-4 years for males and 3-5 years for females in the Ovit population.
In all populations, males and females did not exhibit any differences in
terms of mean age and SVL except for Sarıkamı¸s where the males were
significantly larger than the females. A positive correlation was observed
between age and SVL for both sexes in all populations except for the males
of the Maçka population.
Is the imperilled spur-thighed tortoise (Testudo graeca) native in Sardinia? Implications from population genetics and for conservation
Authors: Vamberger Melita , Corti Claudia , Stuckas Heiko , Fritz Uwe 
Published: December 2010

AbstractUsing mtDNA sequences and 12 microsatellite loci, we compare populations of Testudo graeca from Sardinia and North Africa. The observed pattern of almost no differentiation combined with reduced variation in the Sardinian population is consistent with introduction in prehistoric or historic times from what is now Tunisia and neighbouring Algeria. Furthermore, in the light of the recently published recommendation to eradicate the non-native T. graeca from Italy, we review recent studies on the archaeological and fossil record, on the phylogeography and population genetics of the three other chelonian species occurring in Sardinia (Emys orbicularis, T. hermanni, T. marginata). We conclude that the extant Sardinian populations of all four species are not native. However, they are and should be safeguarded under EC law (Council Regulation No 338/97 on the Protection of Species of Wild Fauna and Flora; Flora Fauna Habitat Directive: Appendix IV, Art. 12) because they serve as a back-up for the declining mainland populations. Moreover, these populations constitute an important part of the human-shaped natural heritage of the Mediterranean.
Low levels of genetic diversity among morphologically distinct populations of an enigmatic montane frog from Mexico (Craugastor uno: Craugastoridae)
Authors: Streicher Jeffrey , Meik Jesse , Smith Eric , Campbell Jonathan 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Craugastor uno is a direct-developing frog endemic to high-elevation pine-oak
forests of the Sierra Madre del Sur in Mexico. The species was described
from a single female specimen collected in the state of Guerrero, but
otherwise remains poorly known. It is listed as endangered by the IUCN and
some authors have considered it extinct. A recent report expanding the range
to include montane localities in the state of Oaxaca has been disputed.
Herein we describe variation in a group of 7 C. uno specimens that includes
males, females, and juveniles collected from 1972 to 2004. We compared
individuals from localities in the states of Guerrero and Oaxaca using
morphology and several genetic markers. Molecular analyses revealed C. uno
exhibits little genetic variation at the loci sampled. Our findings suggest
that while the Guerrero and Oaxaca populations have diverged only recently
from one another, they appear to be presently isolated and may be
distinguished by several distinct quantitative and qualitative morphological
traits. We also report multilocus genetic evidence of this putative
isolation in the form of regional segregation among haplotypes. However, at
this time we refrain from revising the taxonomy owing to our small sample
size and limited geographic coverage.
RNA extraction from sauropsids blood: evaluation and improvement of methods
Authors: Chiari Ylenia , Galtier Nicolas 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAdvanced, transcriptome-based molecular techniques require the use of RNA of high quality and quantity. RNA extraction from nucleated blood of endangered non-model organisms is still problematic due to insufficient starting material or physico-chemical differences between samples from different organisms. Here we evaluate, validate, and suggest modifications to two protocols used for RNA extraction on animals with nucleated red cells such as birds, crocodilians, and turtles.
Definition of South China Sea Monsoon Onset and Commencement of the East Asia Summer Monsoon*
Authors: Wang B. , LinHo  , Zhang Yongsheng , Lu M-M. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
The climatological mean summer monsoon onset in the South China Sea (SCS) is a remarkably abrupt event. However, defining onset dates for individual years is noticeably controversial. The controversies and complications arise primarily from a number of factors: the intermittent southward intrusion of cold fronts into the northern SCS, the bogus onset in late April before the establishment of tropical monsoons over Indochina, and active intraseasonal oscillation. In this paper, a simple yet effective index, USCS, the 850-hPa zonal winds averaged over the central SCS (5°–15°N and 110°–120°E), is proposed for objectively defining the SCS monsoon onset. This onset index depicts not only the sudden establishment of the tropical southwesterly monsoon over the SCS but also the outbreak of the rainy season in the central-northern SCS.
In this paper the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) is defined as the broadscale summer monsoon over East Asia and the western North Pacific region (0°–40°N, 100°–140°E). It is shown that the seasonal transition of EASM can be objectively determined by the principal component of the dominant empirical orthogonal mode of the 850-hPa zonal winds, UEOF1. It is found that the local index USCS represents UEOF1 extremely well; thus, it can be used to determine both the SCS onset and the commencement of the broadscale EASM. The result suggests that the SCS summer monsoon onset indeed signifies the beginning of the summer monsoon over East Asia and the adjacent western Pacific Ocean. Evidence is also provided to show the linkage between the two salient phases of EASM: the local onset of the SCS monsoon and the local onset of the mei-yu (the rainy season in the Yangtze River and Huai River basin and southern Japan).
A Consolidated CLIPER Model for Improved August–September ENSO Prediction Skill
Authors: Lloyd-Hughes Benjamin , Saunders Mark A. , Rockett Paul 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA prime challenge for ENSO seasonal forecast models is to predict boreal summer ENSO conditions at lead. August–September ENSO has a strong influence on Atlantic hurricane activity, Northwest Pacific typhoon activity, and tropical precipitation. However, summer ENSO skill is low due to the spring predictability barrier between March and May. A “consolidated” ENSO–climatology and persistence (CLIPER) seasonal prediction model is presented to address this issue with promising initial results. Consolidated CLIPER comprises the ensemble of 18 model variants of the statistical ENSO–CLIPER prediction model. Assessing August–September ENSO skill using deterministic and probabilistic skill measures applied to cross-validated hindcasts from 1952 to 2002, and using deterministic skill measures applied to replicated real-time forecasts from 1900 to 1950, shows that the consolidated CLIPER model consistently outperforms the standard CLIPER model at leads from 2 to 6 months for all the main ENSO indices (3, 3.4, and 4). The consolidated CLIPER August–September 1952–2002 hindcast skill is also positive to 97.5% confidence at leads out to 4 months (early April) for all ENSO indices. Optimization of the consolidated CLIPER model may lead to further skill improvements.
An Observational Study of Cold Season–Banded Precipitation in Northeast U.S. Cyclones
Authors: Novak David R. , Bosart Lance F. , Keyser Daniel , Waldstreicher Jeff S. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
A climatological and composite study of banded precipitation in the northeast United States during the cold season (October–April) is presented. Precipitation systems in the northeast United States in April 1995 and from October 1996 to April 2001 that exhibited greater than 25.4 mm (1 in.) of rainfall, or 12.7 mm (0.5 in.) liquid equivalent, were identified as cases for study. A total of 111 cases were identified during this period, of which 88 had available radar data. Of these cases, 75 exhibited banded structure whereas 13 did not. A band classification scheme was developed from a subset of study cases. Application of the classification scheme to the 88 cases revealed that banded cases can exhibit a variety of banded events during their evolution. Single-banded events were the most common (48), followed by transitory (40), narrow cold frontal (36), multi (29), and undefined (9). Further investigation of the single-banded events highlighted banded structure in the comma-head portion of storms, with 81% of these events exhibiting a majority of their length in the northwest quadrant of the surface cyclone.
Composites were calculated for cases exhibiting single-banded events in the northwest quadrant of the surface cyclone and for nonbanded cases to distinguish synoptic and mesoscale flow regimes associated with banded events and nonbanded cases. The banded composite was marked by cyclogenesis and the development of a closed midlevel circulation. This flow configuration was associated with deformation and strong midlevel frontogenesis northwest of the surface cyclone center, which coincided with the mean band position. The nonbanded composite exhibited a much weaker cyclone located in the confluent entrance region of an upper-level jet. The absence of a closed midlevel circulation in the nonbanded composite limited deformation and associated frontogenesis northwest of the surface cyclone. Cross-section analysis through the respective composite frontogenesis maxima showed that the banded composite frontal zone exhibited stronger and deeper frontogenesis and weaker conditional stability than the nonbanded composite frontal zone.
Case studies from the northeast United States confirm the composite results, highlighting the importance of deep-layer frontogenesis coincident with weak conditional stability. These results are in qualitative agreement with the Sawyer–Eliassen equation, which predicts that the frontogenetical response will be enhanced (reduced) in the presence of small (large) moist symmetric stability.
Columbia Gorge Gap Winds: Their Climatological Influence and Synoptic Evolution
Authors: Sharp Justin , Mass Clifford F. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
This paper quantifies the impact of the Columbia Gorge on the weather and climate within and downstream of this mesoscale gap and examines the influence of synoptic-scale flow on gorge weather. Easterly winds occur more frequently and are stronger at stations such as Portland International Airport (KPDX) that are close to the western terminus of the gorge than at other lowland stations west of the Cascades. In the cool season, there is a strong correlation between east winds at KPDX and cooler temperatures in the Columbia Basin, within the gorge, and over the northern Willamette River valley. At least 56% of the annual snowfall, 70% of days with snowfall, and 90% of days with freezing rain at KPDX coincide with easterly gorge flow.
Synoptic composites were created to identify the large-scale patterns leading to strong winds, snowfall, and freezing rain in the gorge. These composites showed that all gorge gap flow events are associated with a high-amplitude 500-mb ridge upstream of the Pacific Northwest, colder than normal 850-mb temperatures over the study region, and a substantial offshore sea level pressure gradient force between the interior and the northwest coast. However, the synoptic evolution varies for different kinds of gorge weather events. For example, the composite of the 500-mb field for freezing rain events features a split developing in the upstream ridge with zonal flow at midlatitudes, while for easterly gap winds accompanied by snowfall, there is an amplification of the ridge.
Evi-1 is a transcriptional target of mixed-lineage leukemia oncoproteins in hematopoietic stem cells
Authors: Arai Shunya , Yoshimi Akihide , Shimabe Munetake , Ichikawa Motoshi , Nakagawa Masahiro , Imai Yoichi , Goyama Susumu , Kurokawa Mineo 
Published: December 2010

AbstractEcotropic viral integration site-1 (Evi-1) is a nuclear transcription factor that plays an essential role in the regulation of hematopoietic stem cells. Aberrant expression of Evi-1 has been reported in up to 10% of patients with acute myeloid leukemia and is a diagnostic marker that predicts a poor outcome. Although chromosomal rearrangement involving the Evi-1 gene is one of the major causes of Evi-1 activation, overexpression of Evi-1 is detected in a subgroup of acute myeloid leukemia patients without any chromosomal abnormalities, which indicates the presence of other mechanisms for Evi-1 activation. In this study, we found that Evi-1 is frequently up-regulated in bone marrow cells transformed by the mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) chimeric genes MLL-ENL or MLL-AF9. Analysis of the Evi-1 gene promoter region revealed that MLL-ENL activates transcription of Evi-1. MLL-ENL–mediated up-regulation of Evi-1 occurs exclusively in the undifferentiated hematopoietic population, in which Evi-1 particularly contributes to the propagation of MLL-ENL–immortalized cells. Furthermore, gene-expression analysis of human acute myeloid leukemia cases demonstrated the stem cell–like gene-expression signature of MLL-rearranged leukemia with high levels of Evi-1. Our findings indicate that Evi-1 is one of the targets of MLL oncoproteins and is selectively activated in hematopoietic stem cell–derived MLL leukemic cells.
How I treat LGL leukemia
Authors: Lamy Thierry , Loughran Thomas P. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractLarge granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukemia is characterized by a clonal expansion of either CD3+ cytotoxic T or CD3− NK cells. Prominent clinical features of T-LGL leukemia include neutropenia, anemia and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The terminal effector memory phenotype (CD3+/CD45RA+/CD62L−CD57+) of T-LGL suggests a pivotal chronic antigen-driven immune response. LGL survival is then promoted by platelet-derived growth factor and interleukin-15, resulting in global dysregulation of apoptosis and resistance to normal pathways of activation-induced cell death. These pathogenic features explain why treatment of T-LGL leukemia is based on immunosuppressive therapy. The majority of these patients eventually need treatment because of severe or symptomatic neutropenia, anemia, or RA. No standard therapy has been established because of the absence of large prospective trials. The authors use low-dose methotrexate initially for T-LGL leukemia patients with neutropenia and/or RA. We recommend either methotrexate or oral cyclophosphamide as initial therapy for anemia. If treatment is not successful, patients are switched to either the other agent or cyclosporine. The majority of patients experience an indolent clinical course. Deaths infrequently occur because of infections related to severe neutropenia. As there are no curative therapeutic modalities for T-LGL leukemia, new treatment options are needed.
Dentin matrix protein 1 induces membrane expression of VE-cadherin on endothelial cells and inhibits VEGF-induced angiogenesis by blocking VEGFR-2 phosphorylation
Authors: Pirotte Sophie , Lamour Virginie , Lambert Vincent , Alvarez Gonzalez Maria-Luz , Ormenese Sandra , Noël Agnès , Mottet Denis , Castronovo Vincent , Bellahcène Akeila 
Published: December 2010

AbstractDentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) is a member of the small integrin–binding ligand N-linked glycoprotein (SIBLING) family, a group of proteins initially described as mineralized extracellular matrices components. More recently, SIBLINGs have been implicated in several key steps of cancer progression, including angiogenesis. Although proangiogenic activities have been demonstrated for 2 SIBLINGs, the role of DMP1 in angiogenesis has not yet been addressed. We demonstrate that this extracellular matrix protein induced the expression of vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin), a key regulator of intercellular junctions and contact inhibition of growth of endothelial cells that is also known to modulate vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) activity, the major high-affinity receptor for VEGF. DMP1 induced VE-cadherin and p27Kip1 expression followed by cell-cycle arrest in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in a CD44-dependent manner. VEGF-induced proliferation, migration, and tubulogenesis responses were specifically blocked on DMP1 pretreatment of HUVECs. Indeed, after VE-cadherin induction, DMP1 inhibited VEGFR-2 phosphorylation and Src-mediated signaling. However, DMP1 did not interfere with basic fibroblast growth factor–induced angiogenesis. In vivo, DMP1 significantly reduced laser-induced choroidal neovascularization lesions and tumor-associated angiogenesis. These data enable us to put DMP1 on the angiogenic chessboard for the first time and to identify this protein as a new specific inhibitor of VEGF-induced angiogenesis.
Physiological homology betweenDrosophila melanogasterand vertebrate cardiovascular systems
Authors: Choma Michael A. , Suter Melissa J. , Vakoc Benjamin J. , Bouma Brett E. , Tearney Guillermo J. 
Published: December 2010

SUMMARYThe physiology of the Drosophila melanogaster cardiovascular system remains poorly characterized compared with its vertebrate counterparts. Basic measures of physiological performance remain unknown. It also is unclear whether subtle physiological defects observed in the human cardiovascular system can be reproduced in D. melanogaster. Here we characterize the cardiovascular physiology of D. melanogaster in its pre-pupal stage by using high-speed dye angiography and optical coherence tomography. The heart has vigorous pulsatile contractions that drive intracardiac, aortic and extracellular-extravascular hemolymph flow. Several physiological measures, including weight-adjusted cardiac output, body-length-adjusted aortic velocities and intracardiac shear forces, are similar to those in the closed vertebrate cardiovascular systems, including that of humans. Extracellular-extravascular flow in the pre-pupal D. melanogaster circulation drives convection-limited fluid transport. To demonstrate homology in heart dysfunction, we showed that, at the pre-pupal stage, a troponin I mutant, held-up2 (hdp2), has impaired systolic and diastolic heart wall velocities. Impaired heart wall velocities occur in the context of a non-dilated phenotype with a mildly depressed fractional shortening. We additionally derive receiver operating characteristic curves showing that heart wall velocity is a potentially powerful discriminator of systolic heart dysfunction. Our results demonstrate physiological homology and support the use of D. melanogaster as an animal model of complex cardiovascular disease.
Embryonic frog epidermis: a model for the study of cell-cell interactions in the development of mucociliary disease
Authors: Dubaissi Eamon , Papalopulu Nancy 
Published: December 2010

SUMMARYSpecialised epithelia such as mucociliary, secretory and transporting epithelia line all major organs, including the lung, gut and kidney. Malfunction of these epithelia is associated with many human diseases. The frog embryonic epidermis possesses mucus-secreting and multiciliated cells, and has served as an excellent model system for the biogenesis of cilia. However, ionic regulation is important for the function of all specialised epithelia and it is not clear how this is achieved in the embryonic frog epidermis. Here, we show that a third cell type develops alongside ciliated and mucus-secreting cells in the tadpole skin. These cells express high levels of ion channels and transporters; therefore, we suggest that they are analogous to ionocytes found in transporting epithelia such as the mammalian kidney. We show that frog ionocytes express the transcription factor foxi1e, which is required for the development of these cells. Depletion of ionocytes by foxi1e knockdown has detrimental effects on the development of multiciliated cells, which show fewer and aberrantly beating cilia. These results reveal a newly identified role for ionocytes and suggest that the frog embryonic skin is a model system that is particularly suited to studying the interactions of different cell types in mucociliary, as well as in secretory and transporting, epithelia.