bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
Authors: Dr. Gutteridge Donald H. , Price Roger I. , Kent G. Neil , Prince Richard L. , Michell Patricia A. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Spontaneous fractures were reported to be rare (&lt;1%) in 1664 hospital admissions for hip fracture in the 1950s in Sweden. We report 11 fluoride-treated postmenopausal patients who developed spontaneous fractures of the femoral necks, all subcapital initially. In 7 patients who continued treatment there were later femoral neck or shaft fractures; in 6, these were bilateral (one followed a fall). In all there were 19 spontaneous fractures: 5 were asymptomatic, including 2 with deformity; 12 fractures required surgery. Five were incomplete (stress) fractures. All were treated with supplementary calcium 1 g daily; 10 had vitamin D supplementation. In all patients where the timing was known, the initial and subsequent fractures were preceded by, or associated with increased bone turnover as measured by plasma alkaline phosphatase (pAIP) (i.e., they were all “good responders”). Two had pretreatment hip fractures following falls. We compared these 11 (Group 1) and another identically treated group of 14 patients (Group 2), without spontaneous femoral fractures and not different in mean age, pretreatment vertebral fractures, years since menopause, fluoride dosage, and plasma creatinine. Group 1 had a lower (p &lt; 0.05) index of cortical bone in the femoral neck, as assessed by the ratio “calcar width/femoral neck minimum width.” The 6 biopsied fluorotic patients from Group 1 had a higher (p &lt; 0.05) bone fluoride content than the 4 biopsied fluorotic patients from Group 2. Furthermore, histological cortical features of thinning, increased porosity, and advanced tunneling resorption characterized Group 1 posttreatment biopsies. There were no significant differences in peak pAIP responses in the two groups. Mild asymptomatic vitamin D excess may have been a contributing factor in three Group 1 patients.
Two further treatment groups have been studied more recently by forearm single-photon absorptiometry (SPA) at two sites; a cyclic NaF group (Group 3) and a calcium ± vitamin D group (Group 4). Neither showed significant changes in forearm cortical bone density on treatment for 2 and 1.5 years, respectively, but Group 3 showed a significant increase in density at an ultradistal (60% trabecular) site. The pAIP response in Group 3 was significantly less than in Group 1. Spontaneous femoral neck or shaft fractures did not occur in either Groups 3 or 4. Therefore, we recommend: (1) Avoidance of sodium fluoride (NaF) treatment if pretreatment femoral fracture or thin femoral neck cortices exist. (2) Reduction in NaF dosage if pAIP or osteocalcin increases by over 50% of pretreatment values. (3) Cessation of NaF if femoral neck or shaft fracture occurs during treatment, and also on the attainment of early to moderate spinal fluorosis. (4) Consideration of cyclic NaF treatment, to limit overstimulation of bone turnover and to enhance mineralization.
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
Authors: DR. Bayley T. A. , Harrison J. E. , Murray T. M. , Josse R. G. , Sturtridge W. , Pritzker K. P. H. , Strauss A. , Vieth R. , Goodwin S. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
The possible effects of fluoride in inducing fractures were studied in 61 patients treated with sodium fluoride (NaF), 40–60 mg daily in combination with calcium and vitamin D. Nine patients developed the fluoride-(F) related lower extremity pain syndrome. Four other patients had stress fractures associated with trauma. Seven of the 61 patients had 10 upper femur fractures of which 5 were stress fractures. The bone mineral mass of the central skeleton including the hips was measured by neutron activation and the results expressed as a calcium bone index (CaBI) which normalizes the results to that of young adults of the same body size (normal range 0.75–1.2). At the time of hip fracture, 4 patients with a minimal increase in bone mass (mean ΔCaBI 0.01) had 4 femur fractures and 3 patients with a marked increase (mean ΔCaBI 0.24) had 6. The 7 patients with upper femur fractures at 4 years had a significantly higher bone fluoride retention, 30 mg/g Ca compared with 23.9 mg/g Ca for the other 54 (p &lt; 0.02) and were older, 73.1 versus 64.2 years (p &lt; 0.01). Using all 61 fluoride-treated patients, femur fractures/patient were significantly correlated to bone fluoride (p &lt; 0.05) and to age (p &lt; 0.05). By partial correlation, only the correlation between hip fractures/patient and bone fluoride remained significant after controlling for the effect of age (p &lt; 0.05). These results suggest that fluoride therapy may be implicated in the pathogenesis of hip fractures which may occur in treated patients despite a rapid, marked increase in bone mass. The lower extremity pain syndrome is not frequently associated with stress fractures in this study.
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
Authors: Duursma S. A. , Raymakers J. A. , De Raadt M. E. , Karsdorp N. J. G. H. , Van Dijk A. , Glerum J. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the usefulness of urinary fluoride excretion in evaluating fluoride therapy. In a prospective study, 35 patients with osteoporosis were treated for about 44 months with a mean dosage of 31.4 mg fluoride ion per day. Urinary fluoride excretion and serum alkaline phosphatase activity were measured at 3-month intervals. Bone mineral content (BMC) was measured in L2–L4 with dual-photon absorptiometer. The mean number of BMC measurements was 5.7 per patient. The interindividual reproducibility for measurements in 10 patients was 2.1%. For each individual, the regression coefficient of BMC for the period of treatment was calculated. Responders were defined as those who had a positive value and nonresponders had 0 or a negative value. The percentage responders was 83%. Between responders and nonresponders no differences were found for age, fluoride dosage, duration of treatment, or changes in serum alkaline phosphatase activity. Urinary fluoride excretion was higher in responders than in nonresponders (p &lt; 0.001) and a positive correlation (p &lt; 0.001) was obtained between the changes in BMC and urinary fluoride excretion. In the responders, 90% had a urinary fluoride excretion &gt; 8 mg/24 h. All nonresponders had a urinary fluoride excretion &lt; 8 mg/24 h. Urinary fluoride excretion is a valuable predictor of BMC response during fluoride therapy for osteoporosis.
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
Authors: Wiers Brandon H. , Francis Marion D. , Hovancik Kristine , Ritchie Candace K. , Baylink David J. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
In this study we investigated the possibility of the formation of a calcium fluoride surface film on the new bone matrix in patients undergoing fluoride treatment for osteoporosis. This calcium fluoride film could interfere with the normal mineralization process and lead to hyperosteoidosis (osteomalacia), a well-documented complication seen in fluoride-treated patients. During treatment, fluoride circulating in the blood and extracellular fluid of patients, could interact with the components of the serum, but particularly calcium and magnesium ions. The interrelationships among serum components in the presence of fluoride ion may result, at thermodynamic equilibrium, in deposition on the apatitic bone surface of phases such as calcium fluoride, fluorapatite, or fluorhydroxyapatite. Differences in the phase deposited among patients could result in differences in response to fluoride treatment. A computer program based on equilibrium thermodynamic data was utilized to study the physicochemical calcium, fluoride, and phosphate interrelationships in serum. In all the computer calculations, fluorhydroxyapatite (FHAP), alone or in combination with hydroxyapatite (HAP), was determined to be the thermodynamically stable precipitating surface phase. These data strongly suggest that calcium fluoride surface film is not the reason for the delay of mineralization of fluoride-stimulated new bone. Based on these calculations, we now advance the hypothesis that the effect of fluoride to cause osteomalacia is due to an effect on osteoblasts and also on osteocytes. Consistent with this hypothesis was the finding in bone biopsies, that the excess of osteoid in fluoride-treated patients was found not only at the mineralization front (which is transversed by osteoblast cell processes), but also around young osteocytes, two sites where FHAP or FAP is presumed to be formed. It is possible that an adsorption/desorption of the FHAP phase occurring at the osteoblastic canalicular and osteocytic lacunar surface leads to prolonged fluoride exposure of osteoblast processes in canaliculi and of young osteocytes to fluoride thereby disrupting the normal process of mineralization. The delay in mineralization (osteoid accumulation) may be further accentuated by acid equilibrium processes which occur during mineral deposition and which would enhance cellular fluoride uptake at the calcifying front and at the periphery of the osteocyte.
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
Authors: Taylor M. L. , Maconnachie E. , Frank K. , Boyde A. , DR. Jones S. J. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Osteoclasts were isolated mechanically from bones of prehatch chicks and cultured on dentine for 24 or 39 h in medium without or with added sodium fluoride at concentrations of 0.15, 1, 15, or 30 mg/liter. Fixed and toluidine blue-stained specimens were examined by light microscopy and osteoclasts were counted, all cells were removed and resorption pits were counted. The dentine was then prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and pits located on a raster search using backscattered electron imaging. Stereophotogrammetric measurements were made of the depths, plan and true surface areas and volumes of pits, and the volume: area ratio and a three-dimensional form factor calculated for each. The presence or absence of a ring of demineralization around each pit was recorded. Pits with the same plan area were significantly (p &lt; 0.001) less deep in cultures containing 15 or 30 mg/liter NaF and the incidence of rings around pits was higher (controls 2.7%, 15 mg/liter 313%, 30 mg/liter NaF 39.7%). In one experiment, pits were larger in the specimen cultured with added 1 mg/liter NaF, but in a much larger series of 631 (251 in the control and 380 in the 1 mg/liter NaF cultures) pits measured, depths, volumes and volume:plan-area ratios were significantly lower (p &lt; 0.001), and rings round pits 2.5 times more common, in the fluoride-treated group. A complex interplay of stimulation of some cells in the culture with indirect stimulation of osteoclasts and direct inhibition of osteoclastic resorptive function may be operating at this concentration of fluoride. In vivo, therapeutic doses of sodium fluoride would be expected to act not only to increase the formation of osteoid but also to suppress osteoclastic activity.
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
Authors: Orcel PH. , De Vernejoul M. C. , Miravet L. , Kuntz D. , Prier A. , Kaplan G. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
We report clinical and bone morphometric findings in 18 osteoporotic patients who experienced stress fractures during fluoride therapy. Patients were treated with either sodium fluoride (n = 15), or sodium monofluorophosphate (n = 3). Oral calcium supplementation was given in 11 patients, and vitamin D in 13. Stress fractures occurred after 17.1 ± 10.3 months of therapy (range: 5–41 months). Atraumatic sudden pain in a lower limb bone extremity, normal initial roentgenogram, high 99technetium uptake on early bone scan, and a 3 to 4 week delay in linear bone condensation area at the same site were characteristics of stress fracture. The most frequent sites were the tibial metaphysis (n = 13), femoral neck (n = 10), and calcaneus (n = 4). Biochemical data showed increased plasma alkaline phosphatase levels in 11 patients, and mild renal failure in 2. Bone histomorphometry was performed on an iliac crest specimen in 10 patients at the time of the stress fracture. Trabecular bone volume was normal, and formation parameters were increased. Features of osteomalacia were encountered in only 2 patients with decreased renal function. Trabecular resorption was increased, as assessed by the osteoclastic surface (1.01 ± 1.15% bone surface), and the number of osteoclasts (0.44 ± 0.49 per mm2 bone section). The clinical course was favorable in all patients who stopped fluoride, although 5 patients who continued the treatment had either completion of femoral neck stress fractures to hip fractures (n = 2), or recurrent stress fractures (n = 2), or both (n = 1). Fluoride appears to be a key factor in the pathogenesis of stress fractures, and may be associated with increased trabecular resorption in some treated patients.
Robot‐assisted fracture reduction using three‐dimensional intraoperative fracture visualization: An experimental study on human cadaver femora
Authors: Oszwald Markus , Westphal Ralf , Bredow Jan , Calafi Afshin , Hufner Tobias , Wahl Friedrich , Krettek Christian , Gosling Thomas 
Published: February 2010

AbstractClosed fracture reduction can be a challenging task. Robot‐assisted reduction of the femur is a newly developed technique that could minimize potential complications and pitfalls associated with fracture reduction and fixation. We conducted an experimental study using 11 human cadaver femora with intact soft tissues. We compared robot‐assisted fracture reduction using 3D visualization with manual reduction, using 2D fluoroscopy. The main outcome measure was the accuracy of reduction. The manual reductions were done by an experienced orthopedic trauma surgeon, whereas the robot‐assisted reductions were done by surgeons of different experience. The robot‐assisted group showed significantly less postreduction malalignment (p < 0.05) for internal/external rotation (2.9° vs. 8.4°) and for varus/valgus alignment (1.1° vs. 2.5°). However, the reduction time was significantly (p < 0.01) longer (6:14 min vs. 2:16 min). The higher precision associated with robot‐assisted fracture reduction makes this technique attractive and further research and development worthwhile. In particular, less experienced surgeons may benefit from this new technique. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:1240–1244, 2010
Holocene palaeoceanographic changes in Barrow Strait, Canadian Arctic: foraminiferal evidence
Authors: Gregory Thomas R. , Smart Christopher W. , Hart Malcolm B. , Massé Guillaume , Vare Lindsay L. , Belt Simon T. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractHolocene changes in the benthic and planktic foraminiferal fauna (>63 µm) from a marine sediment core (ARC‐3 Canadian Arctic Archipelago, 74° 16.050′ N, 91° 06.380′ W, water depth 347 m) show that significant environmental and palaeoceanographic variations occurred during the last 10 ka. Foraminiferal assemblages are restricted to the ca. 4.5–10 ka interval as younger samples are mostly barren of foraminifera due to intense carbonate dissolution after ca. 4.5 ka. Foraminiferal assemblages in the ca. 4.5–10 ka interval are dominated by the benthic species Islandiella helenae and Cassidulina reniforme (57% of total), with Elphidium clavatum, Cibicides lobatulus and Buccella frigida also being common in this interval. The dominance of these species indicates a seasonal sea ice regime which is consistent with the occurrence of the sea ice diatom‐derived organic geochemical biomarker IP25 throughout the core. The abundances of C. reniforme and E. clavatum decline upcore; consistent with more frequent mixing of the Barrow Strait water column during the early Holocene. It is likely that the influence of CO2‐rich Arctic surface water masses have caused an increase in bottom water corrosivity after ca. 8.5 ka, and dissolution has been further enhanced by sea ice‐related processes after ca. 6 ka, concomitant with increased IP25 fluxes. Dissolution is strongest when IP25 fluxes are highest, suggesting a link between the sea ice and benthic systems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy for quantitative measurement of lactic acid at physiological concentration in human serum
Authors: Hsu Po‐Hsiang , Chiang Huihua Kenny 
Published: February 2010

AbstractLactic acid is a simple and effective indicator for estimating physiological function. Rapid and sensitive detection of lactic acid is very useful in clinical diagnosis. However, the concentration of lactic acid in the physiological state is too low to be detected using traditional Raman spectroscopy. We applied silver colloidal nanoparticles‐mediated surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for rapid identification and quantification of lactic acid. The standard SERS spectra of lactic acid were defined and the 1395 cm−1 band intensity was used for quantification from 0.3 to 2 mM (R2 = 0.99). In clinical blood sample measurement, the ultrafiltration (cutoff value 5 kDa) can efficiently reduce background fluorescence to improve SERS performance. We established identical and optimal procedure by adjusting reaction time and volume ratio of serum and nanoparticles to obtain high SERS reproducibility. Finally, we showed that silver colloidal nanoparticles‐mediated SERS technique was successfully applied to detect lactic acid at physiological concentrations in the blood. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman spectroscopic study of the hydroxy‐arsenate‐sulfate mineral chalcophyllite Cu18Al2(AsO4)4(SO4)3(OH)24·36H2O
Authors: Frost Ray L. , Palmer Sara J. , Keeffe Elle C. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe mixed anion mineral chalcophyllite Cu18Al2(AsO4)4(SO4)3(OH)24·36H2O has been studied by using Raman and infrared spectroscopies. Characteristic bands associated with arsenate, sulfate and hydroxyl units are identified. Broad bands in the OH stretching region are observed and are resolved into component bands. Estimates of hydrogen bond distances were made using a Libowitzky function. Both short and long hydrogen bonds were identified. Two intense bands at 841 and ∼814 cm−1 are assigned to the ν1 (AsO4)3− symmetric stretching and ν3 (AsO4)3− antisymmetric stretching modes. The comparatively sharp band at 980 cm−1 is assigned to the ν1 (SO4)2− symmetric stretching mode, and a broad spectral profile centred upon 1100 cm−1 is attributed to the ν3 (SO4)2− antisymmetric stretching mode. A comparison of the Raman spectra is made with other arsenate‐bearing minerals such as carminite, clinotyrolite, kankite, tilasite and pharmacosiderite. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Corrosion behavior of hydrophobic titanium oxide film pre‐treated in hydrogen peroxide solution
Authors: Wang M. , Wang W. , He B. L. , Sun M. L. , Bao Y. S. , Yin Y. S. , Liu L. , Zou W. Y. , Xu X. F. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractHydrophobic titanium oxide (TiO2) film formed on metallic titanium substrate in hydrogen peroxide solution with a subsequent oxidation under air atmosphere. Component, microstructure, and hydrophobicity of the oxide film were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and water contact angle methods. Corrosion resistance tests were carried out in seawater solution at different heating temperature conditions. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques and polarization curves were used to study the changes and the corrosion resistance of the TiO2 film. The results demonstrate that the pre‐treated TiO2 film heated at 400 °C environment owns small special groove‐shaped structure on its surface, which induce higher hydrophobic capability, larger impedance, and better electrochemical stability than the film that was prepared at other temperatures or the Ti with nature formed oxidation film. It would be an ideal candidate as engineering material in deep seawater environment.
Cerium‐based thermal conversion treatments on silicon carbide reinforced 2009 aluminum alloy composites
Authors: Aziz I. , Zhang Q. , Du J. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe conversion coatings on SiCp/2009 aluminum (Al) composites and 2009 Al alloy were obtained by immersing the samples into the cerium (Ce)‐based solutions with varying the chemical concentration (CeCl3·7H2O, NaCl), solution pH/temperature, immersing time, and drying temperature. The corrosion inhibition mechanism and kinetics were studied by using the electrochemical techniques and surface analyses. Potentiodynamic polarization tests showed that coatings improved corrosion resistance as compared to untreated samples and environmental factors played important role in the formation of conversion layer. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed that relatively high inhibition efficiency for composite with 25 vol% SiCp was due to the existence of rather high surface area of cathodic intermetallics/SiCp, which support to deposit Ce oxides/hydroxides on the entire surface.
Co‐effect of bis(cyclohexanone) oxalyldihydrazone and copper(II) ion on the corrosion of cold rolled steel in 0.5 M hydrochloric acid solution
Authors: Qu Q. , Gao G. , Guo H. , Li L. , Ding Z. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractEffects of bis(cyclohexanone) oxalyldihydrazone (BCO) and copper(II) ion (Cu2+) on the corrosion of cold rolled steel (CRS) in 0.5 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution were investigated using Tafel polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) at 20 °C. Results elucidate that the inhibition efficiency increases with increase in BCO concentration, and the addition of 10−5 M Cu2+ significantly enhances the inhibition efficiency of BCO. Polarization curve results elucidate that the single BCO acts as a mixed‐type inhibitor while the combination of Cu2+ and BCO acts as cathodic inhibitor. Ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometer (UV–Vis) results show that BCO molecules do not interact with Cu2+ and Fe2+ in 0.5 M HCl solution. Atomic force microscope (AFM) result indicates that a protective layer forms on CRS surface after immersion in 0.5 M HCl containing BCO in the absence and presence of Cu2+. The adsorption of BCO is found to follow the Langmuir adsorption isotherm in the presence and absence of Cu2+. The mechanism of typically chemical adsorption is proposed via the value of free energy of adsorption (ΔG) in the presence of BCO and Cu2+.
Corrosion behaviors of carbon steel in 55% LiBr solution containing PWVA inhibitor
Authors: Hu X. Q. , Liang C. H. , Wu X. N. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe inhibition performance of PWVA inhibitor on carbon steel was studied in 55% LiBr + 0.07 mol/L LiOH solution. Results indicated that PWVA inhibitor decreased both anodic and cathodic polarization current density and widened the passive potential region of carbon steel in the test solution. It could be classified as mixed inhibitor. PWVA has a strong oxidizability. It could form an intact and compact film which consisted of Fe2O3 on carbon steel surface in the test solution. The passive film retarded Br− which corroded the metal matrix in the test solution. When the concentration of PWVA was 300 mg/L, it showed an excellent inhibition effect. However, when the temperature was higher than 173 °C, the corrosion rate of carbon steel in 55% LiBr + 0.07 mol/L LiOH solution increased rapidly.
Corrosion behavior of newly developed Ti–Ag–Fe dental alloys in neutral saline solution
Authors: Zhang B. B. , Wang B. L. , Li L. , Zheng Y. F. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe corrosion behavior of Ti–5Ag–xFe alloys (x = 1, 2.5, 5 wt%) in neutral saline solution was investigated by the open‐circuit potential (OCP), potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and potentiostatic tests. The microstructural observation indicated that β‐Ti phase was retained by the addition of Fe into Ti–Ag alloys. Compared with commercially pure (CP) Ti, Ti–5Ag–xFe alloys exhibited higher corrosion potentials, lower current densities, and larger impedance, these suggested that Ti–5Ag–xFe alloys have nobler electrochemical corrosion behavior when compared with CP Ti in neutral saline solution.