bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multihospital Outbreak ofClostridium difficileRibotype 027 Infection: Epidemiology and Analysis of Control Measures
Authors: Aldeyab Mamoon A. , Devine Michael J. , Flanagan Peter , Mannion Michael , Craig Avril , Scott Michael G. , Harbarth Stephan , Vernaz Nathalie , Davies Elizabeth , Brazier Jon S. , Smyth Brian , McElnay James C. , Gilmore Brendan F. , Conlon Geraldine , Magee Fidelma A. , Darwish Elhajji Feras W. , Small Shaunagh , Edwards Collette , Funston Chris , Kearney Mary P. 
Published: February 2011

Objective.To report a large outbreak ofClostridium difficileinfection (CDI; ribotype 027) between June 2007 and August 2008, describe infection control measures, and evaluate the impact of restricting the use of fluoroquinolones in controlling the outbreak.Design.Outbreak investigation in 3 acute care hospitals of the Northern Health and Social Care Trust in Northern Ireland.Interventions.Implementation of a series of CDI control measures that targeted high-risk antibiotic agents (ie, restriction of fluoroquinolones), infection control practices, and environmental hygiene.Results.A total of 318 cases of CDI were identified during the outbreak, which was the result of the interaction betweenC. difficileribotype 027 being introduced into the affected hospitals for the first time and other predisposing risk factors (ranging from host factors to suboptimal compliance with antibiotic guidelines and infection control policies). The 30-day all-cause mortality rate was 24.5%; however, CDI was the attributable cause of death for only 2.5% of the infected patients. Time series analysis showed that restricting the use of fluoroquinolones was associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of CDI (coefficient, —0.054; lag time, 4 months;P= .003).Conclusion.These findings provide additional evidence to support the value of antimicrobial stewardship as an essential element of multifaceted interventions to control CDI outbreaks. The present CDI outbreak was ended following the implementation of an action plan improving communication, antibiotic stewardship, infection control practices, environmental hygiene, and surveillance.
Comparison of Clinical Severity Score Indices for Clostridium difficile Infection
Authors: Fujitani Shigeki , George W. Lance , Murthy A. Rekha 
Published: February 2011

Objective.To compare 8 severity score indices for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI).Design.Prospective observational study.Methods.This study was conducted from July through October 2006. All hospitalized patients in 3 university-affiliated hospitals with a positive fecal Clostridium difficile toxin assay result were evaluated. Infection was considered severe if patients had at least 1 of the following clinical events during their hospitalization: (1) death attributed to CDI within 30 days after diagnosis, (2) colectomy necessitated by CDI, or (3) intensive care unit admission for management of complications attributed to CDI. Severity was assessed on the basis of 8 severity score indices, using published criteria for severe CDI as the benchmark. The 8 severity score indices studied were Beth Israel, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center version 1, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center version 2, Hines VA, modified University of Illinois, University of Calgary version 1, University of Calgary version 2, and University of Temple.Results.Of 184 patients with CDI evaluated, 19 had severe cases and 165 had nonsevere cases, as assessed on the basis of the defined severe CDI criteria. Sensitivities of the 8 severity score indices studied ranged from 63.2% to 84.2%, and specificities ranged from 59.4% to 93.9%. The Hines VA index had the highest kappa score (0.69 [95% confidence interval, 0.54-0.83]), followed by the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center version 1 index. Independent risk factors for severe CDI determined by multivariate analysis were abdominal distention (P = .007), fever (temperature, 38.0°C or above; P = .042), white blood cell count of at least 20,000 cells/mm3 (P = .035), and hypoalbuminemia (serum albumin level less than 3 mg/dL; P = .029).Conclusion.The Hines VA CDI severity score index appeared to display the strongest correlation for predicting more severe forms of CDI.
Countable random 𝑝-groups with prescribed Ulm-invariants
Authors: Droste Manfred , Göbel Rüdiger 
Published: February 2011

In this paper we present a probabilistic construction of countable abelian

p
p

-groups with prescribed Ulm-sequence. This result provides a different proof for the existence theorem of abelian

p
p

-groups with any given countable Ulm-sequence due to Ulm, which is sometimes called Zippin’s theorem. The basic idea, applying probabilistic arguments, comes from a result by Erdős and Rényi. They gave an amazing probabilistic construction of countable graphs which, with probability

1
1

, produces the universal homogeneous graph, therefore also called the random graph. P. J. Cameron says about this in his book Oligomorphic Permutation Groups [Cambridge University Press, 1990]: In 1963, Erdős and Rényi proved the following paradoxical result. … It is my contention that mathematics is unique among academic pursuits in that such an apparently outrageous claim can be made completely convincing by a short argument. The algebraic tool in the present paper needs methods developed in the 1970s, the theory of valuated abelian

p
p

-groups. Valuated abelian

p
p

-groups are natural generalizations of abelian

p
p

-groups with the height valuation, investigated in detail by F. Richman and E. Walker, and others. We have to establish extensions of finite valuated abelian

p
p

-groups dominated by a given Ulm-sequence. Probabilistic results of a similar nature have been established by A. Blass and G. Braun, and by M. Droste and D. Kuske.
Improved structure, function and compatibility for CellProfiler: modular high-throughput image analysis software
Authors: Kamentsky Lee , Jones Thouis R. , Fraser Adam , Bray Mark-Anthony , Logan David J. , Madden Katherine L. , Ljosa Vebjorn , Rueden Curtis , Eliceiri Kevin W. , Carpenter Anne E. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Summary: There is a strong and growing need in the biology research community for accurate, automated image analysis. Here, we describe CellProfiler 2.0, which has been engineered to meet the needs of its growing user base. It is more robust and user friendly, with new algorithms and features to facilitate high-throughput work. ImageJ plugins can now be run within a CellProfiler pipeline.
Availability and Implementation: CellProfiler 2.0 is free and open source, available at http://www.cellprofiler.org under the GPL v. 2 license. It is available as a packaged application for Macintosh OS X and Microsoft Windows and can be compiled for Linux.
Contact: anne@broadinstitute.org
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The MEMPACK alpha-helical transmembrane protein structure prediction server
Authors: Nugent Timothy , Ward Sean , Jones David T. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Motivation: The experimental difficulties of alpha-helical transmembrane protein structure determination make this class of protein an important target for sequence-based structure prediction tools. The MEMPACK prediction server allows users to submit a transmembrane protein sequence and returns transmembrane topology, lipid exposure, residue contacts, helix–helix interactions and helical packing arrangement predictions in both plain text and graphical formats using a number of novel machine learning-based algorithms.
Availability: The server can be accessed as a new component of the PSIPRED portal by at http://bioinf.cs.ucl.ac.uk/psipred/.
Contact: d.jones@cs.ucl.ac.uk; t.nugent@cs.ucl.ac.uk
Intraoperative Tranexamic Acid Reduces Blood Transfusion in Children Undergoing Craniosynostosis Surgery
Authors: Dadure Christophe , Sauter Magali , Bringuier Sophie , Bigorre Michelle , Raux Olivier , Rochette Alain , Canaud Nancy , Capdevila Xavier 
Published: February 2011

Background
Surgical correction of craniosynostosis in children is associated with substantial intraoperative bleeding. Tranexamic acid (TXA) decreases intraoperative blood loss during cardiac or orthopedic surgery in children. We hypothesized that intraoperative TXA would reduce blood transfusion relative to placebo in patients pretreated with erythropoietin.

Methods
Forty consecutive children, American Society of Anesthesiologists status 1 or 2, scheduled to undergo surgical correction of craniosynostosis were randomly assigned to receive either intravenous TXA or saline, 0.9%, intraoperatively. All children received preoperative erythropoietin (600 U/kg once a week for 3 weeks before surgery). Perioperative blood loss, number and volume of transfusions, percentage of children who underwent transfusion, and side effects were noted after surgery and at the end of the study. Surgeon satisfaction and cost of treatment were also recorded.

Results
There was no significant difference between groups in demographic or surgical data. In the TXA group, the volume of packed erythrocytes transfused was significantly reduced by 85% (from 11 to 1.6 ml/kg) intraoperatively and by 57% (from 16.6 to 7.2 ml/kg) throughout the study period (P < 0.05). Compared with the placebo group, the percentage of children requiring blood transfusion was lower in the TXA group during surgery (9 [45%] of 20 vs. 2 [11%] of 19 children; P < 0.05) and during the whole study period (14 [70%] of 20 vs. 7 [37%] of 19; P < 0.05). Preoperative and postoperative hematologic parameters were comparable in both groups. There were no adverse events.

Conclusion
In children undergoing surgical correction of craniosynostosis and pretreated with erythropoietin, intraoperative TXA reduces the transfusion requirement.
The predominant expression of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) in thyroid transcription factor‐1 (TTF‐1)‐negative pulmonary adenocarcinoma
Authors: Kunii Ryosuke , Jiang Shuying , Hasegawa Go , Yamamoto Takashi , Umezu Hajime , Watanabe Takehiro , Tsuchida Masanori , Hashimoto Takehisa , Hamakubo Takao , Kodama Tatsuhiko , Sasai Keisuke , Naito Makoto 
Published: February 2011

Kunii R, Jiang S, Hasegawa G, Yamamoto T, Umezu H, Watanabe T, Tsuchida M, Hashimoto T, Hamakubo T, Kodama T, Sasai K & Naito M (2011) Histopathology58, 467–476 The predominant expression of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) in thyroid transcription factor‐1 (TTF‐1)‐negative pulmonary adenocarcinomaAims:  To investigate TTF‐1‐negative pulmonary adenocarcinoma, focusing upon mucin production and the expression of hepatocyte nuclear factor‐4α (HNF4α).Materials and methods:  Two hundred and sixty‐two cases of pulmonary adenocarcinoma were examined histologically and immunohistochemically; TTF‐1 was expressed in 222 cases (84.7%), and 40 cases (15.3%) were negative. Among TTF‐1‐negative cases there were 31 mucinous‐type tumours, and HNF4α, MUC5AC and MUC2 were expressed in 34 cases (85%), 29 cases (72.5%) and four cases (10%), respectively. In contrast, their expression was rare in TTF‐1‐positive tumours. A statistically inverse correlation was confirmed between the expression of TTF‐1 and that of HNF4α and MUC5AC.Conclusion:  Most TTF‐1‐negative pulmonary adenocarcinomas are mucinous lesions with the predominant expressionof HNF4α and MUC5AC.
Novel glucokinase mutations in patients with monogenic diabetes – clinical outline of GCK‐MD and potential for founder effect in Slavic population
Authors: Borowiec M , Antosik K , Fendler W , Deja G , Jarosz‐Chobot P , Mysliwiec M , Zmyslowska A , Malecki M , Szadkowska A , Mlynarski W 
Published: February 2011

Borowiec M, Antosik K, Fendler W, Deja G, Jarosz‐Chobot P, Mysliwiec M, Zmyslowska A, Malecki M, Szadkowska A, Mlynarski W. Novel glucokinase mutations in patients with monogenic diabetes – clinical outline of GCK‐MD and potential for founder effect in Slavic population.Glucokinase (GCK) gene mutations are the causative factor of GCK‐MD (monogenic diabetes) characterized by a mild clinical phenotype and potential for insulin withdrawal. This study presents the results of a nationwide genetic screening for GCK‐MD performed in Poland. A group of 194 patients with clinical suspicion of GCK‐MD and 17 patients with neonatal diabetes were subjected to GCK sequencing. Patients negative for GCK mutations were subjected to multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) to detect deletions or insertions. A total of 44 GCK heterozygous mutations were found in 68 probands (35%). Among those, 20 mutations were novel ones: A282fs, D198V, E158X, G246V, G249R, I348N, L165V, L315Q, M115I, N254S, P284fs, Q338P, R377L, R43C, R46S, S212fs, S212P, T255N, V406A and Y214D. No abnormalities were detected in MLPA analysis. Homozygous D278E mutation was found in one patient with neonatal diabetes. The most frequently observed combinations of symptoms typical for GCK‐MD were mild diabetes and/or fasting hyperglycaemia (98.3%), positive C‐peptide at diagnosis (76%) and dominant mode of inheritance (59%). This study outlines numerous novel mutations of the GCK gene present in white Caucasians of Slavic origin. Thorough clinical assessment of known factors associated with GCK‐MD may facilitate patient selection.
Association between overweight/obesity and periodontitis in adults. A systematic review
Authors: Suvan Jean , D'Aiuto Francesco , Moles David R. , Petrie Aviva , Donos Nikos 
Published: February 2011

SummaryOverweight and obesity have been suggested to be associated with periodontitis as published in studies and narrative summaries. This project presents results of a systematic review investigating the association between overweight or obesity (as defined by the World Health Organization) and periodontitis.Search strategy included electronic and hand searching to December 2009. Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, and SIGLE were searched. RCTs, cohort, case–control and cross‐sectional study designs that included measures of periodontitis and body composition were eligible. Duplicate, independent screening and data abstraction were performed. Meta‐analyses were performed when appropriate.A total of 526 titles and abstracts were screened, resulting in 61 full text articles and abstracts assessed for eligibility with 33 being included. Nineteen studies provided sufficient information for inclusion in meta‐analyses. Meta‐analyses indicated statistically significant associations between periodontitis and body mass index (BMI) category obese OR 1.81(1.42, 2.30), overweight OR 1.27(1.06, 1.51) and obese and overweight combined OR 2.13(1.40, 3.26).In conclusion, these results support an association between BMI overweight and obesity and periodontitis although the magnitude is unclear. Additional prospective studies to further quantify, or understand the mechanisms, of this association are merited. There is insufficient evidence to provide guidelines to clinicians on the clinical management of periodontitis in overweight and obese individuals.
Assessment of abdominal adipose tissue and organ fat content by magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Hu H. H. , Nayak K. S. , Goran M. I. 
Published: February 2011

SummaryAs the prevalence of obesity continues to rise, rapid and accurate tools for assessing abdominal body and organ fat quantity and distribution are critically needed to assist researchers investigating therapeutic and preventive measures against obesity and its comorbidities. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most promising modality to address such need. It is non‐invasive, utilizes no ionizing radiation, provides unmatched 3‐D visualization, is repeatable, and is applicable to subject cohorts of all ages. This article is aimed to provide the reader with an overview of current and state‐of‐the‐art techniques in MRI and associated image analysis methods for fat quantification. The principles underlying traditional approaches such as T1‐weighted imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy as well as more modern chemical‐shift imaging techniques are discussed and compared. The benefits of contiguous 3‐D acquisitions over 2‐D multislice approaches are highlighted. Typical post‐processing procedures for extracting adipose tissue depot volumes and percent organ fat content from abdominal MRI data sets are explained. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of each MRI approach with respect to imaging parameters, spatial resolution, subject motion, scan time and appropriate fat quantitative endpoints are also provided. Practical considerations in implementing these methods are also presented.
Greenspace and obesity: a systematic review of the evidence
Authors: Lachowycz K. , Jones A. P. 
Published: February 2011

SummaryGreenspace is theoretically a valuable resource for physical activity and hence has potential to contribute to reducing obesity and improving health. This paper reports on a systematic review of quantitative research examining the association between objectively measured access to greenspace and (i) Physical activity, (ii) Weight status and (iii) Health conditions related to elevated weight. Literature searches were conducted in SCOPUS, Medline, Embase and PYSCHINFO. Sixty studies met the inclusion criteria and were assessed for methodological quality and strength of the evidence. The majority (68%) of papers found a positive or weak association between greenspace and obesity‐related health indicators, but findings were inconsistent and mixed across studies. Several studies found the relationship varied by factors such as age, socioeconomic status and greenspace measure. Developing a theoretical framework which considers the correlates and interactions between different types of greenspace and health would help study design and interpretation of reported findings, as would improvement in quality and consistency of greenspace access measures. Key areas for future research include investigating if and how people actually use greenspace and improving understanding of the mechanisms through which greenspace can improve health and, in particular, if physical activity is one such mechanism.
Ethnic inequalities in obesity among children and adults in the UK: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: El‐Sayed A. M. , Scarborough P. , Galea S. 
Published: February 2011

SummaryEthnic minority groups are growing as a proportion of the British population. Although disparate, literature suggests inequalities in obesity risk within and among ethnic minority groups relative to Caucasians in the UK. We summarize and appraise the existing peer‐reviewed literature about the prevalence and determinants of obesity among ethnic minority groups relative to Caucasians among children and adults in the UK. There was no consensus about obesity prevalence relative to Caucasians among South Asian or Black children or among South Asian adults relative to Caucasians. Black adults generally had higher risk for obesity than Caucasians. Both Chinese children and adults had lower risk for obesity than Caucasians. Few studies have considered differences in the aetiology of obesity by ethnicity. The lack of consensus regarding obesity risk among large ethnic minority groups relative to Caucasians in the UK, and the paucity of studies concerned with differences in obesity aetiology by ethnicity warrant further research in this area. Certain obesity metrics may bias obesity prevalence among particular ethnic groups relative to Caucasians. We summarize key methodological limitations to the current literature and suggest avenues for future research.
Differences in overweight and obesity among children from migrant and native origin: a systematic review of the European literature
Authors: Labree L. J. W. , van de Mheen H. , Rutten F. F. H. , Foets M. 
Published: February 2011

SummaryTo review the prevalence regarding overweight and obesity among children and adolescents from migrant and native origin within Europe, a systematic review (1999–2009) was performed, using Embase, PubMed and citation snowballing. Literature research resulted in 19 manuscripts, reporting studies in six countries, mostly situated in Western and Central Europe.From this review, it appears that, in most of the European countries for which data are available, especially non‐European migrant children are at higher risk for overweight and obesity than their native counterparts. The prevalence of overweight in migrant children ranged from 8.9% to 37.5% and from 8.8% to 27.3% in native children. The prevalence of obesity in migrant children ranged from 1.2% to 15.4% and from 0.6% to 11.6% in native children. Some limitations of the review are discussed, especially the problematic classification of migrant and native children.Apparently, migrant children display an even more sedentary way of life or adverse dietary patterns, as compared with native children. To what degree these differences can be explained by socioeconomic and cultural factors remains to be investigated. As overweight and obese children are at risk for many chronic health problems, further research is urgently needed in order to develop preventive interventions.
A study of clinical dietetic workforce recruitment and retention in Queensland
Authors: HUGHES Roger , ODGERS‐JEWELL Kate , VIVANTI Angela , FERGUSON Maree , LEVERITT Michael 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAims:  The aim of the present study was to investigate factors influencing the recruitment and retention of the clinical dietetics workforce in metropolitan practice, with a focus on Queensland Health.Methods:  A qualitative study using semistructured telephone and face‐to‐face interviews among a purposively recruited sample of 28 Queensland clinical dietitians. The interviews explored factors affecting recruitment and retention, job satisfaction and possible strategies for the recruitment and retention of hospital‐based dietitians within Queensland Health was conducted. Interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim and content analysed by two researchers (authors 1 & 2) before comparing, confirming, describing and interpreting themes identified.Results:  All but two of the interviewees (26/28) were either existing (n = 16) or previous (n = 10) employees of Queensland Health. The demographic attributes of the sample reflected the broader Australian dietetic workforce. Factors effecting recruitment to current positions were the position itself, the closeness of the position to home and job security associated with Queensland Health positions. The most common factors assisting retention in Queensland Health were the team collegiality, opportunities, and the closeness to home of the workplace and professional development opportunities. The negatives of employment were high work demands or workload and bureaucratic frustrations within Queensland Health. Increasing remuneration rates, career pathways and increasing the flexibility of work hours were strategies considered as most important for Queensland Health to enhance clinician recruitment and retention.Conclusion:  Factors effecting recruitment and retention of clinical dietitians are largely amenable to human resource and organisational management strategies that address these determinants of staff turnover.