bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infilling Method of Well Pattern Suitable to Imbibition Oil Recovery for Fractured and Extra Lower Permeability Oil Reservoirs
Authors: Li Li , Ji Bingyu , Cui Baowen , Zhou Xisheng , Li Min , Zhang Hengfa , Luo Qing , Zhang Xingping , Zhang Biqing 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
In view of the features of the remaining oil after a period of production since secondary infilling adjustment of water flooding development oil field, that is, low quality, unbalanced planar distribution and high vertical dispersal, study on tertiary infilling adjustment optimized well spacing has been carried out. The study has solved the problems of reasonable well spacing density, injector-producer distance, injection-production system, how to locate wells near old injector array, and how to adjust and integrate with the original well pattern, with the tertiary recovery well pattern and with the injection-production system. The overall strategy and optimized well spacing method for tertiary infilling adjustment have been brought forward consisting of reasonable well location region division →balanced well spacing →well by well scanning →local adjustment →step by step implementation. The study has a wide guidance for the tertiary infilling adjustment of other blocks to find practical, feasible and effective approaches.
Options and Costs for Off-site Disposal of Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Wastes
Authors: Puder M. G. , Veil J. A. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
In the United States, most of the exploration and production (E&P) wastes generated at onshore oil and gas wells are disposed of or otherwise managed at the well site. Certain types of wastes are not suitable for onsite management, and some well locations in sensitive environments cannot be used for onsite management. In these situations, operators must transport the wastes offsite for disposal.
In 1997, Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne) prepared a report that identified offsite commercial disposal facilities in the United States. This information has since become outdated. Over the past year, Argonne has updated the study through contacts with state oil and gas agencies and commercial disposal companies. The new report, including an extensive database for more than 200 disposal facilities, provides an excellent reference for information about commercial disposal operations.
This paper describes Argonne's report. The national study provides summaries of the types of offsite commercial disposal facilities found in each state. Data are presented by waste type and by disposal method. The categories of E&P wastes in the database include: contaminated soils, naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM), oil-based muds and cuttings, produced water, tank bottoms, and water-based muds and cuttings. The different waste management or disposal methods in the database involve: bioremediation, burial, salt cavern, discharge, evaporation, injection, land application, recycling, thermal treatment, and treatment. The database includes disposal costs for each facility.
Quantitative and dynamic expression profile of premature and active forms of the regional ADAM proteins during chicken brain development
Authors: Markus Annett , Yan Xin , Rolfs Arndt , Luo Jiankai 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe ADAM (A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease) family of transmembrane proteins plays important roles in embryogenesis and tissue formation based on their multiple functional domains. In the present study, for the first time, the expression patterns of the premature and the active forms of six members of the ADAM proteins — ADAM9, ADAM10, ADAM12, ADAM17, ADAM22 and ADAM23 — in distinct parts of the developing chicken brain were investigated by quantitative Western blot analysis from embryonic incubation day (E) 10 to E20. The results show that the premature and the active forms of various ADAM proteins are spatiotemporally regulated in different parts of the brain during development, suggesting that the ADAMs play a very important role during embryonic development.
Protective effect of intermedin on myocardial cell in a rat model of severe acute pancreatitis
Authors: Du Xiaodong , Cao Yu , Xue Ping , Lin Ziqi , Zeng Zhi , Xia Qing 
Published: July 2011

AbstractSevere acute pancreatitis (SAP) is a common disease with a poor prognosis. Heart failure is one cause of SAP patient death. Intermedin (IMD) is a potent endogenous cardio-protective substance. Administration of exogenous IMD showed beneficial effects in cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the myocardial damage in SAP and to determine the therapeutic potential of IMD for SAP. Using an SAP rat model, we examined endogenous IMD expression following SAP induction, and determined the effect of IMD on myocardial function, histological morphology, apoptosis-related gene expression, and prognosis. Our results indicated that the cardiac function and histological structure were significantly disrupted in SAP rats. Infusion of exogenous IMD significantly preserved cardiac function and ameliorated myocardial damage. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) revealed that myocardial apoptosis was extensively present in SAP rats, and IMD infusion led to increased expression of the prosurvival factor Bcl-2, but decreased pro-apoptotic factors Bax and caspase-3. In addition, IMD infusion also reversed the change of IMD receptor systems in SAP rat heart tissue. Furthermore, we found that IMD infusion greatly decreased mortality of SAP rats. In conclusion, administration of SAP produced therapeutic effects in SAP through modulating apoptotic and pro-survival gene expression, inhibiting myocardial apoptosis, preserving cardiac function, and a useful therapeutic agent for SAP, and provides us an insight for a clinical trial of IMD for treating human severe acute pancreatitis.
Reverse engineering of AlxGa1−xAs/GaAs structures composition by reflectance spectroscopy
Authors: Wośko M. , Paszkiewicz B. , Tarnowski K. , Ściana B. , Radziewicz D. , Salejda W. , Paszkiewicz R. , Tłaczała M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe paper presents the application of non-modulation reflectance method for composition profiling of epitaxial AlxGa−xAs/GaAs structures. This non-destructive method is based on spectral measurements and theoretical reflectance spectrum matching. This is a very accurate and sensitive method of determining the Al composition in AlxGa1−xAs layers and structures with resolution down to 1 nm. In this work, the authors describe theoretic principles of this method and present experimental results of characterization of different AlGaAs structures to prove the potential of the worked out method.
Research on camera calibration using new optimization strategy
Authors: Li L. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAn important task for stereo vision is camera calibration, whose goal is to obtain the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of each camera. This paper proposes a new accurate calibration method with multilevel process of camera parameters. In order to improve the calibration accuracy, a sub-pixel corner detection method is presented. We start with several views of a planar calibration to obtain some intrinsic camera parameters and to build an accurate model with lens distortion on a planar calibration target. Flexibly making use of geometry imaging theory, our algorithm obtains all the parameters through logical organization of solving order, accordingly avoids obtaining possible local optimized problem when solving the non-linear equation, gets over the relativity influence of every unknown parameters of traditional calibration way, and makes the error distributed among the constraint relation of parameters. Experiments with real images are carried out to verify the image correction effect and numerical robustness of our results. Compared with classical calibration techniques, that use expensive equipment and complicated mathematical computation, the proposed technique, which was verified by experiment, achieves high accuracy and reliable parameters.
Wavelet analysis of polarization maps of polycrystalline biological fluids networks
Authors: Ushenko Y. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe optical model of human joints synovial fluid is proposed. The statistic (statistic moments), correlation (autocorrelation function) and self-similar (Log-Log dependencies of power spectrum) structure of polarization two-dimensional distributions (polarization maps) of synovial fluid has been analyzed. It has been shown that differentiation of polarization maps of joint synovial fluid with different physiological state samples is expected of scale-discriminative analysis. To mark out of small-scale domain structure of synovial fluid polarization maps, the wavelet analysis has been used. The set of parameters, which characterize statistic, correlation and self-similar structure of wavelet coefficients’ distributions of different scales of polarization domains for diagnostics and differentiation of polycrystalline network transformation connected with the pathological processes, has been determined.
Cyclodehydration of Diols in Acidic Ionic Liquids
Authors: Ausekle E. , Priksane A. , Zicmanis A. 
Published: July 2011

Cyclodehydration of Diols in Acidic Ionic Liquids
In the presence of sulfonic acid group functionalized Bronsted-acidic ionic liquids, cyclodehydration of 1,2-ethanediol and 1,4-butanediol is investigated. The role of structure and catalytic activity of ionic liquids on the formation of cyclic ethers: 1,4-dioxane and tetrahydrofuran - is determined.
Internal Regularity of D-Glyceraldehide-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Genes and Proteins
Authors: Chipens G. , Ievina N. , Kalvinsh I. 
Published: July 2011

Internal Regularity ofD-Glyceraldehide-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Genes and ProteinsData of analysis of some GAPDH family gene exon and intron length (nt) and intron position coordinates as a sum of preceeding exon dimensions) and their internal regularity were analyzed based on a working hypothesis that primieval gene precursors were regular and periodic polynucleotides formed from oligonucleotides identical in size. The number of nucleotides in a gene repeat unit was denoted by a specific term - gene quantum and symbolQ. The following genes were analyzed: the chicken GAPDH (12 exons/11 introns) gene, theChlamidomonas reinhardtii gapA(6 exons, 5 introns) andgapC(7 exons, 6 introns) genes. The determined value ofQfor all these genes was identical and constituted 9 nucleotides. The sum total of all above-mentioned gene intron dimensions, independently of intron number in a gene, could be precisely quantized - expressed as a product of a gene quantum and a whole number, e.g., for the chicken GAPDH 1628 nt = 9 nt x 292,0. The garden peaPissum sativumfragment (amino acids 167-219) was partially regular (the repeat unit size 9 aa) and showed translational symmetry. The obtained data supported the model that the precursors of the modern genes were originated by nucleotide multiplication reactions.
Evaluation of alternative management strategies of muskrat Ondatra zibethicus population control using a population model
Authors: Bos Daan , Ydenberg Ron 
Published: July 2011

AbstractMuskrats Ondatra zibethicus are considered a pest species in the Netherlands, and a year‐round control programme is in effect. Currently, the agency responsible for the management of muskrat populations in the Netherlands (the LCCM) is preparing for field studies to compare alternative strategies of control. In order to decide on the specific design of such field studies, a population dynamic model was built. The model compares the current management strategy with alternatives in which the effort is focused in space or in time. The model allows us to prioritise future research questions. The major gaps in knowledge at this moment are: 1) insight into the costs of harvesting at different harvest rates, and 2) the relationship between population density on the one hand and (financial damage or) safety risk on the other hand. We suggest continuing the current management, and to test our hypothesis that intensifying harvest will lead to lower numbers of animals killed in the medium term than more extensive harvest rates. The muskrat control programme offers excellent opportunities for applied biological studies of which the benefits are likely to outweigh the costs.
Distribution of common eiders Somateria mollissima during the brood‐rearing and moulting periods in the St. Lawrence Estuary, Canada
Authors: Diéval Hélène , Giroux Jean‐François , Savard Jean‐Pierre L. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractCommon eiders Somateria mollissima nest in colonies on islands of the St. Lawrence Estuary in Quebec, Canada. After hatching, attending females must reach suitable brood‐rearing habitats while non‐attending females and adult males must find appropriate moulting sites. The aim of our study was to determine the biotic and abiotic factors that influence the distribution of common eiders during the brood‐rearing and moulting periods. We conducted biweekly surveys and recorded the number of ducks by age and sex in 2003 and 2004 at 68 sites along a 200‐km stretch of the south shore of the St. Lawrence River. We further classified adult females according to the presence or absence of young. We evaluated human disturbance during the surveys and developed a sinuosity index describing shoreline protection. We determined the nature of the substrate and an estimate of food abundance for a subsample of sites (N = 38). At the scale of the estuary, common eiders did not distribute randomly but used the same sites in both years. Broods preferred mainland sites near nesting islands. Non‐maternal females and males were located further east along the estuary, but their numbers were lower than expected based on the size of the breeding population, indicating that some birds undertake a moult migration outside of the area. In the eastern portion of our study area, densities of non‐maternal females increased significantly as summer progressed. The distribution of common eiders was influenced by food abundance and type but was not related to our indices of human disturbance and shoreline protection. Males were associated with mussels, non‐maternal females with both mussels and gammarids, while maternal females with ducklings were associated with periwinkles. Few of the sites used by common eiders along the south shore of the St. Lawrence Estuary are currently protected and measures should thus be taken to insure their conservation.
Survival and cause‐specific mortality of elk Cervus canadensis calves in a predator rich environment
Authors: DeVivo Melia T. , Cottrell Walter O. , DeBerti Jon M. , Duchamp Joseph E. , Heffernan Lindsey M. , Kougher Jason D. , Larkin Jeffery L. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractQuantification of basic demographic parameters such as survival rates and cause‐specific mortality is important for effective species management. We conducted a 4‐year study (during May 2005‐June 2009) of elk Cervus canadensis calf survival and cause‐specific mortality in Pennsylvania, USA. We captured and radio‐collared 93 elk calves ≤ 7 days old and monitored them weekly to detect mortality and cause of death. Of the 93 radio‐collared elk calves, 15 (16%) died during our study. Despite high black bear Ursus americanus and coyote Canis latrans densities, none of the mortalities were the result of predation. Causes of death included poaching (N = 3), legal harvest (N = 2), road kill (N = 2), pneumonia (N = 1) and rumen acidosis (N = 1). We were unable to determine the cause of mortality for six of the elk calves; however, predation was eliminated as a possible source of mortality in all unknown cases. Survival probabilities were similar between sexes and among years. Summer survival (birth‐31 October) was 0.92 (SE = 0.03, N = 93) and winter survival (1 November ‐ 1 April) was 0.90 (SE = 0.04, N = 79). Annual estimated elk calf survival was 0.82 (SE = 0.04, N = 93). Our findings suggest that Pennsylvania elk calves have a > 80% chance of survival to one‐year of age, despite high densities of predators known to influence elk calf survival elsewhere. The high calf survival rates that we observed indicate the availability of high quality habitat leading to excellent physical condition of elk.
Management of Low Back Pain by Physical Therapists in Quebec: How Are We Doing?
Authors: Derghazarian Tamar , Simmonds Maureen J. 
Published: July 2011

Purpose: In this study, we characterized physiotherapists' attitudes and beliefs about the bio-psychosocial problem of low back pain (LBP), their use of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs), and the extent to which their advice and treatment is in line with best-evidence CPGs.Methods: One hundred eight physiotherapists completed an online survey that included questionnaires exploring the strength of physiotherapists' biomedical and bio-psychosocial orientations toward the management of LBP: the Pain Attitudes and Beliefs Scale for Physiotherapists and the Attitudes to Back Pain Scale for musculoskeletal practitioners. In addition, participants responded to questions about treatment recommendations for patients in two vignettes.Results: Only 12% of respondents were aware of CPGs. Physiotherapists with a stronger biomedical orientation scored the severity of spinal pathology higher in the patient vignettes. A stronger biomedical orientation was also associated with disagreement with recommendations to return to usual activity or work.Conclusions: The results suggest limited awareness by physiotherapists of best-evidence CPGs and contemporary understandings of LBP that support early activation and self-management. Research to better understand and facilitate the implementation of best-evidence professional education and clinical practice is an urgent priority.
Genu of corpus callosum as a prognostic factor in diffuse axonal injury
Authors: Matsukawa Hidetoshi , Shinoda Masaki , Fujii Motoharu , Takahashi Osamu , Yamamoto Daisuke , Murakata Atsushi , Ishikawa Ryoichi 
Published: July 2011

Object
Previous studies have shown a relationship between a patient's stage of diffuse axonal injury (DAI) and outcome. However, few studies have assessed whether a specific lesion or type of corpus callosum injury (CCI) influences outcome in patients with DAI. The authors investigated the effect of various DAIs and CCIs on outcome in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods
The authors retrospectively reviewed 78 consecutive patients with DAI who were seen between May 2004 and March 2010. Outcome was evaluated using the Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (EGOS) 1 year after TBI. Patients with single DAIs had only 1 of the 3 lesions (lobar, CC, or brainstem). Patients with dual DAIs had 2 of these lesions, and those with triple DAIs had all of these lesions. Furthermore, the authors defined single, dual, and triple CCIs by using 3 lesions (genu, body, splenium) in the same way among patients with single (CC) DAIs. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the relationships between these lesions and outcome in patients with DAI.

Results
Fifty patients had single DAIs: 34 in the lobar area, 11 in the CC, and 5 in the brainstem. Twenty had dual DAIs, and 8 had triple DAIs. Of the 11 CCIs, 9 were single and 2 were dual CCIs. Among these lesions, only those in the genu were related to disability. The authors dichotomized patients into those with and without genu lesions, regardless of other injuries. Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that a genu lesion (OR 18, 95% CI 2.2–32; p = 0.0021) and a pupillary abnormality (OR 14, 95% CI 1.6–24; p = 0.0068) were associated with disability (EGOS ≤ 6) in patients with DAI.

Conclusions
Regardless of the number of lesions, the existence of a genu lesion suggested disability 1 year after TBI in patients with DAI.
Risk of progression of degenerative lumbar scoliosis
Authors: Seo Jun-Yeong , Ha Kee-Yong , Hwang Tae-Hyok , Kim Ki-Won , Kim Young-Hoon 
Published: July 2011

ObjectIn this paper the authors' goal was to determine the factors associated with the progression of degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS).MethodsTwenty-seven patients (3 men and 24 women; mean age 64.9 years) with more than 10° of lumbar scoliosis at baseline were monitored for a mean period of 10 years. The radiological evaluation included measurement of the scoliosis angle using the Cobb method, the direction of the scoliosis, the relationship between the intercrest line and the L-5 vertebra, lateral listhesis, segmental angle, distance from the center of the sacral line to the apical vertebra, degenerative listhesis anteriorly or posteriorly or both, and lordosis angle. In addition, the lateral osteophyte difference, disc index, and severity of osteoporosis were measured. The pain and disability outcomes were assessed using the visual analog scale and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) relative to severity of the angle of scoliosis.ResultsThe mean initial and final scoliosis angles were 14° ± 5.4° and 25° ± 8.5°, respectively. The initial disc index at the L-3 vertebra (Spearman ρ = 0.7, p < 0.001), the sum of the segmental wedging angles above and below the L-3 vertebra (ρ = 0.6, p < 0.001), and the initial disc index at the apical vertebra (ρ = 0.6, p < 0.001) were correlated with the last follow-up angle of the scoliosis. By contrast, there was no statistically significant correlation between the initial segmental angles at L2–3 and L3–4 and the final follow-up scoliosis angle (ρ = 0.2, p = 0.67; and ρ = 0.1, p = 0.22; respectively). When the authors separated the patients into 3 groups according to the sum of the segmental angles above and below L-3 (< 5°, 5° to 10°, and > 10°), they found that 3 (42.9%) of 7, 8 (66.7%) of 12, and 6 (75.0%) of 8 patients in the 3 groups showed increases of greater than 10° in scoliosis angle. The mean distance from the center of the sacral line to the apical vertebra was 36.0 ± 9.7 mm, and the distance correlated with the measurement of the last follow-up angle of the scoliosis (ρ = 0.6, p < 0.001). The mean angle of the scoliosis was significantly greater when the intercrest line passed through the L-5 or L4–5 disc space than when the line passed through the L-4 vertebral body (31.4° ± 7.9° vs 21.8° ± 6.7°, p = 0.01). The ODI correlated with the measurement of the angle of the scoliosis (ρ = 0.6, p < 0.001). Age, sex, osteoporosis, the direction of the scoliosis, listhesis of coronal and sagittal planes, the lateral osteophyte difference, and the vertebral body index did not correlate with curve progression.ConclusionsThe findings of this study demonstrated that the progression of DLS was affected by the relationship between the intercrest line and the L-5 vertebra. When L-5 was deep seated, progression of DLS was found. Asymmetrical change in the disc space above and below the L-3 or apical vertebra may also be an important predictor of curve progression.