bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Leukocyte Antibody Prevalence Study‐II (LAPS‐II): a retrospective cohort study of transfusion‐related acute lung injury in recipients of high‐plasma‐volume human leukocyte antigen antibody–positive or –negative components
Authors: Kleinman Steven H. , Triulzi Darrell J. , Murphy Edward L. , Carey Patricia M. , Gottschall Jerome L. , Roback John D. , Carrick Danielle , Mathew Sunitha , Wright David J. , Cable Ritchard , Ness Paul , Gajic Ognjen , Hubmayr Rolf D. , Looney Mark R. , Kakaiya Ram M. ,   for the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study‐II (REDS‐II)
Published: March 2011

BACKGROUND: We used a multicenter retrospective cohort study design to evaluate whether human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibody donor screening would reduce the risk of transfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI) or possible TRALI.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: In the Leukocyte Antibody Prevalence Study‐II (LAPS‐II), we evaluated pulmonary outcomes in recipients of 2596 plasma‐rich blood components (transfusable plasma and plateletpheresis) sent to participating hospitals; half of the components were collected from anti‐HLA–positive donors (study arm) and half from anti‐HLA–negative donors (control arm) matched by sex, parity, and blood center. A staged medical record review process was used. Final recipient diagnosis was based on case review by a blinded expert panel of pulmonary or critical care physicians.RESULTS: TRALI incidence was 0.59% (seven cases) in study arm recipients versus 0.16% (two cases) in control arm recipients for an odds ratio (OR) of 3.6 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.7‐17.4; p = 0.10). For possible TRALI cases (nine study arm, eight control arm), the OR was 1.2 (95% CI, 0.4‐3.0; p = 0.81), and for TRALI and possible TRALI aggregated together, it was 1.7 (95% CI, 0.7‐3.7; p = 0.24). Transfusion‐associated circulatory overload incidence was identical in the two arms (1.17 and 1.22%, respectively; OR, 1.0; p = 1.0).CONCLUSIONS: TRALI incidence in recipients of anti‐HLA–positive components was relatively low for a lookback study (1 in 170) and was higher than in the control arm, but did not reach significance. Based on this trend, the data are consistent with the likelihood that TRALI risk is decreased by selecting high‐volume plasma components for transfusion from donors at low risk of having HLA antibodies.
Primary Intracerebral Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma: CT, MRI, and PET‐CT Findings
Authors: Yoo Roh‐Eul , Choi Seung Hong , Park Sung‐Hye , Jung Hee‐Won , Kim Ji‐hoon , Sohn Chul‐Ho , Chang Kee‐Hyun 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTPrimary intracranial malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) is an extremely rare entity. A few reported cases have been associated with factors such as a previous history of radiation therapy or surgical trauma. We report on a rare case of intracerebral MFH in a previously healthy 47‐year‐old man, which was initially presumed to be a high‐grade glioma. Conventional as well as advanced magnetic resonance sequences, including diffusion‐weighted image and perfusion‐weighted image, were used in characterization of the mass.
Endovascular Treatment of Iatrogenic Intracranial Pseudoaneurysm Following Stent Angioplasty
Authors: Lim Jihe , Suh Sang Hyun , Lee Kyung‐Yul , Hong Chang Ki , Park Seoung Woo 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTIntracranial pseudoaneurysm (IPA) is a rare disease entity associated with blunt trauma or penetration injury and less likely surgical or endovascular procedure. Decision of the therapeutic option is difficult and challenging in the treatment of iatrogenic pseudoaneurysm from the middle cerebral artery (MCA) that is necessary to maintain. We report our experience of reconstructive treatment of iatrogenic IPA, which was developed after stenting and balloon angioplasty, in the left MCA with overlapping Enterprise stents. J Neuroimaging 2012;22:194‐196
Cerebrovascular Reacivity Assessment in Patients with Carotid Artery Disease: A Combined TCD and NIRS Study
Authors: Vasdekis Spyros N. , Tsivgoulis Georgios , Athanasiadis Dimitrios , Andrikopoulou Athina , Voumvourakis Konstantinos , Lazaris Andreas M. , Stamboulis Elefterios 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSETranscranial Doppler (TCD) and near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) are two noninvasive diagnostic tools that have been shown to evaluate cerebral vasomotor reactivity by measuring changes in mean cerebral blood flow velocities (MCBFV) of proximal intracranial arteries and absolute brain‐tissue oxygen‐saturation (TOS) in microcirculation, respectively, during hemodynamic challenge. We evaluated the potential correlation between TCD and NIRS measurements of vasomotor reactivity (VMR) in patients with carotid artery disease (CARAD).METHODSConsecutive patients (n = 24) with CARAD underwent simultaneously TCD and NIRS examinations during voluntary breath‐holding (BH). MCBFV and TOS values were recorded at baseline (BAS) and at the end of BH, while BH duration (DBH) was documented. VMR was quantified by means of TCD‐BHI (Breath‐holding Index: [MCBFVBH− MCBFVBAS]× 100/MCBFVBAS/DBH) and NIRS‐BHI ([TOSBH− TOSBAS]× 100/ TOSBAS/DBH).RESULTSTCD‐BHI correlated positively with NIRS‐BHI in the affected side (r = .538, P = .007). A stronger correlation between TCD‐BHI and NIRS‐BHI was documented in the nonaffected side (r = .768, P< .001). After adjusting for demographic characteristics, stroke risk factors and symptomatic status NIRS‐BHI was linearly and independently associated with TCD‐BHI both in the affected (β:+ .813, P = .001) and unaffected (β:+ .823, P < .001) side.CONCLUSIONSCirculatory assessment of VMR in proximal cerebral vessels by TCD correlates positively to functional measurements of VMR in microcirculation by NIRS in CARAD patients.
High b‐Value q‐Space Analyzed Diffusion‐Weighted MRI Using 1.5 Tesla Clinical Scanner; Determination of Displacement Parameters in the Brains of Normal versus Multiple Sclerosis and Low‐Grade Glioma Subjects
Authors: Fatima Zareen , Motosugi Utaroh , Hori Masaaki , Ishigame Keiichi , Onodera Toshiyuki , Yagi Kazuo , Araki Tsutomu 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTPURPOSEWe aimed to determine the displacement parameters in the brains of normal individuals relative to brain parenchymal abnormalities, such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and low‐grade glioma, by q‐space imaging (QSI) using 1.5‐T magnetic resonance (MR) scanner.MATERIALS AND METHODSThirty‐five normal, three pathologically proven low‐grade glioma, and five MS subjects were imaged by a 1.5‐T MR unit for QSI (b‐values, 0‐12,000 s/mm2). Mean displacement (MD) values in white matter (WM), gray matter (GM), and lateral ventricle (cerebrospinal fluid [CSF]) of normal subjects, plaques, and normal appearing WM (NAWM) of MS subjects and glioma lesions were calculated. Mann‐Whitney U test was used for comparison.RESULTSIn normal subjects, MD values were 6.6 ± 0.2, 8.44 ± 0.41, and 17.08 ± 0.80 μm for WM, GM, and CSF, respectively, while those for NAWM and WM plaques in MS, and glioma lesions were significantly higher at 7.0 ± 0.17, 9.3 ± 2.3, and 9.6 ± 0.40 μm, respectively, compared to WM in normal subjects.CONCLUSIONWe propose that the relative values of MD obtained by QSI in control and diseased tissues can be useful for diagnosing various WM abnormalities.
La globalización de las migraciones de enfermeras. Problemas políticos y soluciones
Authors: YEATES Nicola 
Published: March 2011

Resumen.Para afrontar la «crisis del cuidado», muchos países con economías avanzadas se han lanzado a la preparación y contratación en el extranjero de personal sanitario. Pues bien, las pérdidas y ganancias de estas migraciones se reparten con creciente desigualdad, lo cual intensifica las demandas de que se acometan políticas distintas. La autora valora la utilidad de los planteamientos actuales acerca de la migración de enfermeras desde varios puntos de vista: la sostenibilidad, la equidad social, las «redes asistenciales» y el desarrollo social. Aboga, asimismo, por la cooperación y colaboración internacionales a fin de vencer los grandes retos que supone este fenómeno en todo el planeta para la sanidad pública, la reproducción social y el desarrollo social.
Los salarios de la economía del cuidado en comparación internacional
Authors: BUDIG Michelle J. , MISRA Joya 
Published: March 2011

Resumen.El presente artículo versa sobre los salarios de los trabajadores del cuidado, es decir, las personas que prestan, en una relación personal, servicios que mejoran la salud, las capacidades o la seguridad de quienes los reciben. Las autoras comparan la situación reinante en doce países que presentan condiciones económicas y políticas muy distintas. Estos salarios no siempre están infravalorados, pues hay grandes variaciones internacionales que se deben, ante todo, a las características de los trabajadores y de los propios puestos de trabajo. Otros factores nacionales que influyen son las desigualdades salariales, el tamaño del sector público y la fuerza de los sindicatos.
Expansión del trabajo de cuidado en la República de Corea y consecuencias para los cuidadores
Authors: PENG Ito 
Published: March 2011

Resumen.El Gobierno de la República de Corea viene ampliando notablemente desde el año 2000 su sostén a la asistencia a los niños y las personas mayores. Aunque ello ha creado más empleos para las mujeres, ha confinado a una parte de los cuidadores en puestos de los servicios sociales que están frecuentemente mal pagados y se encuentran infravalorados por la sociedad. La autora sostiene que las políticas so‐ciolaborales han propiciado la aparición de grandes diferencias de salarios y demás condiciones de trabajo entre los cuidadores. La situación laboral de los que atienden a la infancia ha mejorado gracias a la reglamentación y la expansión de los servicios públicos, mientras que empeoraba la de los que atienden a personas mayores, debido a la mercantilización.
STAT1 deficiency in the heart protects against myocardial infarction by enhancing autophagy
Authors: McCormick J. , Suleman N. , Scarabelli T.M. , Knight R.A. , Latchman D.S. , Stephanou A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that the transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) activation is increased in primary cardiac myocytes exposed to simulated ischaemia/reperfusion injury. This promotes apoptotic cell death by enhancing the expression of pro‐apoptotic proteins. Autophagy has been demonstrated to play a cardioprotective role in the heart following myocardial infarction (MI). We therefore investigated the role of STAT1 in the intact heart subjected to MI and examined the contribution of autophagy in modulating the protective effect of STAT1 after MI injury. STAT1‐deficient hearts had significantly smaller infarcts than wild‐type hearts and this correlated with increased levels of autophagy shown by light chain 3 (LC3)‐I/LC3‐II conversion, and up‐regulation of Atg12 and Beclin 1. Moreover, pre‐treatment with the autophagy inhibitor 3‐methyladenine reversed the cardioprotection observed in the STAT1‐deficient hearts. These results reveal a new function of STAT1 in the control of autophagy and indicate a cross‐talk between the cardioprotective versus the damaging effects of STAT1 in the intact heart exposed to MI injury.
Atorvastatin activates heme oxygenase‐1 at the stress response elements
Authors: Kwok Simon C.M. , Samuel Solomon P. , Handal John 
Published: March 2011

AbstractStatins are known to inhibit growth of a number of cancer cells, but their mechanism of action is not well established. In this study, human prostate adenocarcinoma PC‐3 and breast adenocarcinoma MCF‐7 cell lines were used as models to investigate the mechanism of action of atorvastatin, one of the statins. Atorvastatin was found to induce apoptosis in PC‐3 cells at a concentration of 1 μM, and in MCF‐7 cells at 50 μM. Initial survey of possible pathway using various pathway‐specific luciferase reporter assays showed that atorvastatin‐activated antioxidant response element (ARE), suggesting oxidative stress pathway may play a role in atorvastatin‐induced apoptosis in both cell lines. Among the antioxidant response genes, heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) was significantly up‐regulated by atorvastatin. Pre‐incubation of the cells with geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate blocked atorvastatin‐induced apoptosis, but not up‐regulation of HO‐1, suggesting that atorvastatin‐induced apoptosis is dependent on GTPase activity and up‐regulation of HO‐1 gene is not. Six ARE‐like elements (designated StRE1 [stress response element] through StRE6) are present in the HO‐1 promoter. Atorvastatin was able to activate all of the elements. Because these StRE sites are present in clusters in HO‐1 promoter, up‐regulation of HO‐1 by atorvastatin may involve multiple StRE sites. The role of HO‐1 in atorvastatin‐induced apoptosis in PC‐3 and MCF‐7 remains to be studied.
An overview of racial disparities in preterm birth rates: caused by infection or inflammatory response?
Authors: MENON RAMKUMAR , DUNLOP ANNE L. , KRAMER MICHAEL R. , FORTUNATO STEPHEN J. , HOGUE CAROL J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractInfection has been hypothesized to be one of the factors associated with spontaneous preterm birth (PTB) and with the racial disparity in rates of PTB between African American and Caucasian women. However, recent findings refute the generalizability of the role of infection and inflammation. African Americans have an increased incidence of PTB in the setting of intraamniotic infection, periodontal disease, and bacterial vaginosis compared to Caucasians. Herein we report variability in infection‐ and inflammation‐related factors based on race/ethnicity. For African American women, an imbalance in the host proinflammatory response seems to contribute to infection‐associated PTB, as evidenced by a greater presence of inflammatory mediators with limited or reduced presence of immune balancing factors. This may be attributed to differences in the genetic variants associated with PTB between African Americans and Caucasians. We argue that infection may not be a cause of racial disparity but in association with other risk factors such as stress, nutritional deficiency, and differences in genetic variations in PTB, pathways and their complex interactions may produce differential inflammatory responses that may contribute to racial disparity.
Longitudinal study of skin aging: from microrelief to wrinkles
Authors: Bazin Roland , Lévêque Jean Luc 
Published: March 2011

Aim: To study the changes in skin microrelief and periocular wrinkles during the aging process.Methods: Replicas of the crow's feet area of volunteers were recorded in 1987 and 2008 and observed comparatively. Characteristic features were quantified by image analysis.Results: Observation shows that some microrelief features disappear and even merge with wrinkles that become more marked. Some primary lines also tend to merge to form thin new wrinkles. Quantitative data support these observations: the size of small and medium objects of skin relief decreases with age while large objects are becoming larger.Conclusion: Over 21 years, in the group studied, the total area of the detected objects remains quite constant. Only the distribution between small and large detected objects (microrelief features and wrinkles, respectively) is modified.
Evaluation of allergic vesicular reaction to patch test using in vivo confocal microscopy
Authors: Ardigò Marco , Longo Caterina , Cristaudo Antonio , Berardesca Enzo , Pellacani Giovanni 
Published: March 2011

Background: Confocal microscopy has been successfully applied both in oncologic and inflammatory diseases. In particular, it has been proved as a useful tool for the in vivo detection of microscopical changes occurring in allergic reactions.
Aims of the study: To evaluate microscopic changes occurring in positive patch test reactions.
Methods: Eight patients with history of allergic dermatitis and positive patch test reaction were analysed by means of confocal microscopy.
Results: Confocal microscopy showed the presence of spongiotic vesicle preferentially localized around the adnexal ducts that appeared to be in the middle of the spongiotic phenomena.
Conclusion: Confocal microscopy offered for the first time new insight into vesicle formation and development, showing that adnexal ducts can play a role in allergic reaction.
Novel anti‐wrinkle effect of cosmeceutical product with new retinyl retinoate microsphere using biodegradable polymer
Authors: Kim H. , Kim M. , Quan Y. , Moon T. , Mun J. , Cho H. , Park N. , Moon W. , Lee K. , Kim H. , Lee J. , Ryoo H. , Jung H. 
Published: March 2011

Background: The novel hybrid retinoid, retinyl retinoate, is a synthetic material that was designed to reduce the side effects of retinoic acid and to increase the stability of retinol. The formulation of the retinyl retinoate, however, is required to enhance skin permeation, and thus to increase the anti‐wrinkle effect.
Aim: To identify the efficacy of retinyl retinoate microsphere using biodegradable polymer as an anti‐aging agent of cosmetics in treating females over 30 years old with periorbital wrinkles.
Methods: The retinyl retinoate microsphere was prepared using the biodegradable polymer; polylactic acid (PLA). We also conducted two clinical studies with a total of 44 Korean women for 12 weeks. In the first clinical study, 20 patients completed a 12‐week trial of cream A [3% PLA‐retinyl retinoate (2%) microsphere] applied twice daily to the face. In the second clinical study, 24 patients completed a 12‐week trial of cream B (0.06% retinyl retinoate) applied twice daily to the face. Efficacy was based on a global photodamage score, photographs, and image analysis using replicas and Visiometers every 4 weeks.
Results: The PLA‐retinyl retinoate microsphere was more effective for the permeation of retinyl retinoate than retinyl retinoate in itself. The cream A, which contains 3% PLA‐retinyl retinoate (2%) microsphere, showed a statistically significant improvement in facial wrinkles (P<0.05) in 20 volunteers after only 4 weeks of application in a clinical trial test. The visual wrinkle improvement and the maximum roughness improvement rate (R2) for cream A was 6.05%, 8.03% higher than that of cream B which contains 0.06% retinyl retinoate, after 4 weeks.
Conclusion: Retinyl retinoate has a potent anti‐wrinkle activity, and the PLA‐retinyl retinoate microsphere could be a useful cosmeceutical product for anti‐aging purposes.
There is no slowing of motility speed with increased body size in rat, human, horse and rhinoceros independent on temperature and skeletal muscle myosin isoform
Authors: Li M. , Li M. , Marx J. O. , Larsson L. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAim:  The predictions of scaling of skeletal muscle shortening velocity made by A.V. Hill 60‐years ago have proven to be remarkably accurate at the cellular level. The current investigation looks to extend the study of scaling of contractile speed to the level of the molecular motor protein myosin at both physiological and unphysiological low temperatures.Methods:  A single muscle cell in vitro motility assay to test myosin function, i.e. myosin extracted from short single muscle fibre segments, was used in four species representing a 5 500‐fold difference in body mass (rat, man, horse and rhinoceros) at temperatures ranging from 15 to 35 °C.Results:  The in vitro motility speed increased as the temperature of the assay increased, but a more profound effect was observed on the slower isoforms, narrowing the relative differences between fast and slow myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms at physiological temperature in all species. The in vitro motility speed varied according to MyHC isoform within each species: I < IIa < IIx < IIb, but the expected scaling relationship within orthologous myosin isoforms was not observed at any temperature.Conclusion:  The scaling effect of body size and limb length on shortening velocity at the muscle fibre level, i.e. the decreasing shortening velocity associated with increasing body weight and limb length, was not confirmed at the motor protein level when including mammals of very large size. Thus, other factors than myosin structure and function appear to cause this scaling effect and thin filament isoform expression or myofilament lattice spacing are forwarded as alternative underlying factors.
Hyaluronidase shortens levobupivacaine lumbosacral epidural anaesthesia in dogs
Authors: DeRossi R. , De Barros A. L. C. , Silva‐Neto A. B. , Pompermeyer C. T. , Frazílio F. O. 
Published: March 2011

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of hyaluronidase added to levobupivacaine in lumbosacral epidural blockade in dogs. Methods: Six adult mixed breed dogs (two males and four females) weighing 7 to 14 kg (10·5 ±1·5 kg) and aged two to five years were used. Each dog received both treatments in random order: levobupivacaine alone (LBA; n=6) or levobupivacaine plus hyaluronidase (LBH; n=6) administered in the lumbosacral epidural space. Systemic effects, spread and duration of anaesthesia and motor block were determined before treatment and at predetermined intervals. Results: The duration of local anaesthesia was 90 ±10 minutes (P=0·001) for LBH treatment and 150 ±15 minutes for LBA treatment. In the LBH treatment, anaesthesia reached the T12 to T13 dermatome and in the LBA treatment it reached the T11 to T12 dermatome in all animals in 5 and 15 minutes, respectively. Complete motor blockade was 75 ±12 minutes (P=0·01) and 120 ±15 minutes for LBH and LBA treatments, respectively. Clinical Significance: Hyaluronidase added to levobupivacaine significantly shortens the duration of epidural anaesthesia with the same dermatome spread into the epidural space in dogs.
Nigella sativa seed extract and its bioactive compound thymoquinone: the new melanogens causing hyperpigmentation in the wall lizard melanophores
Authors: Ali Sharique A , Meitei Keisham V 
Published: March 2011

Abstract

Objective
The effects of the lyophilized seed extract of Nigella sativa and its active ingredient, thymoquinone, were studied on the isolated melanophores of the wall lizard to find the mechanism of skin darkening at the cellular level.

Methods
The integumental melanophores of the wall lizard, Hemidactylus flaviviridis, were assayed using the mean melanophore size index and their responses were recorded in the presence of various concentrations of the plant extract, thymoquinone, specific antagonists and potentiator.

Key findings
Significant skin darkening activity of the extract of N. sativa and thymoquinone was observed on the isolated melanophores of the wall lizard. The pigment cells responded by distinct dispersion leading to skin darkening. The effect was physiologically significant as re-immersion in physiological saline made the melanophores return to their normal intermediate state. These melanin dispersal effects were antagonized by atropine as well as hyoscine and were also found to be highly potentiated by neostigmine, an anticholinesterase agent.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that the extract of N. sativa, as well as its active principle, mimic the action of acetylcholine in melanin dispersion leading to skin darkening via stimulation of cholinergic receptors of muscarinic nature within the melanophores of wall lizard. This study opens new vistas for the use of N. sativa active ingredient, thymoquinone, as a novel melanogen for its clinical application in skin disorders such as hypopigmentation or vitiligo.