bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual network configurations and invention renewals within the pharmaceutical industry
Authors: Hou Tianyu , Wang Wei , Zhang Liang , Li Julie Juan , Chong Bin 
Published: May 2024

PurposeAlthough research on how the downstream calculations of a patent’s profit potential influence invention renewal decisions is extensive, the impact of the upstream knowledge creation stages is overlooked. The purpose of this study is to address this theoretical vacuum by examining the intra-organizational configuration of knowledge networks and collaboration networks.Design/methodology/approachThe data consist of 491 global pharmaceutical firms that patent in the USA. Drawing on patent records, the authors simultaneously construct intra-organizational knowledge networks and collaboration networks and identify network cohesion features (i.e. local and global). The authors employ panel fixed-effects models to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe results show that local knowledge cohesion and local social cohesion decrease invention renewals, while global knowledge cohesion and global social cohesion increase renewals. Moreover, the marginal effects of local and global social cohesion are stronger than those of local and global knowledge cohesion, respectively.Research limitations/implicationsThe hypotheses are tested using the pharmaceutical industry as a research setting, which limits the generalizability of our findings. In addition, potential formal and informal contingencies are not considered.Practical implicationsDespite its limitations, this study provides valuable implications. First, managers are cautioned against the adverse effects of local cohesion structures on invention renewal. Second, firms can dynamically adjust their local and global network configuration strategies to harmonize the generation of valuable inventions and the retention of good ideas.Originality/valueComplementary to previous research that focused on inventions’ performance feedback, this study delves into upstream knowledge creation stages to understand invention renewals.
A typology of AI-based tasks for the HR function
Authors: Registre Jean Frantz Ricardeau , Saba Tania 
Published: May 2024

PurposeThis paper aims to elucidate the keys transformations of human resources (HR) tasks amid the age of artificial intelligence (AI).Design/methodology/approachThis paper synthesizes recent theoretical and empirical research on the topic of AI and human resource management to establish a typology of AI-based HR tasks.FindingsHR jobs will revolve around three types of tasks in the age of AI: mechanical, thinking and feeling.Originality/valueAI radically changes HR function and it becomes essential for organizations to clearly define the purpose of using AI, its role and the context of its use in tasks. Strategic value of the HR function will lie in its future reorientation toward feeling tasks. HR managers need to possess the knowledge, skills and abilities to adapt to these tasks and ensure the responsible use of AI.
High‐density offshore seismic exploration with an optical fibre towed streamer based on distributed acoustic sensing: Concept and application
Authors: Liu Bin , Jiang Wenbin , He Xiangge , Wen Pengfei , Zhang Min 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSeismic technique is widely used to image the subsurface geology for oil and gas exploration. The image quality depends on the spatial sampling density. However, it is challenging and expensive to acquire high‐density seismic data, particularly in the marine environment. Distributed acoustic sensing data are increasingly used in data acquisition because of their low cost and dense spatial sampling. Here, we present a novel type of high‐density towed streamer based on distributed acoustic sensing technology and report the results of a sea trial. This sea trial was conducted in a gas hydrate province as the major driver to develop this technique is to better characterize gas hydrate deposits. Throughout the experiment, several high‐quality datasets were obtained, and parameters like source energies and filler materials were examined. The trace interval of distributed acoustic sensing streamer data reaches 1 m, which is a significant improvement over the usual 3.125 or 6.25 m in the conventional towed streamer. A detailed analysis was carried out from three different perspectives: amplitude, noise and frequency. One of the datasets was further processed following a routine workflow to obtain the final image. Though direct comparison with the image obtained by a conventional towed streamer along a coincident line is not available, the comparison with the previous image from a nearby line shows the improvement in resolution. The final image is of good quality and the presence of gas hydrate could be inferred. The sea trial results demonstrate the feasibility of the use of a distributed acoustic sensing optical fibre streamer in acquiring high‐density seismic data in the marine environment.
A shortest‐path‐aided fast‐sweeping method to improve the accuracy of traveltime calculation in vertically transverse isotropic media
Authors: Zhang Jianming , Dong Liangguo , Huang Chao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe high accuracy and efficiency of traveltime calculation are critical in seismic tomography, migration, static corrections, source locations and anisotropic parameter estimation. The fast‐sweeping method is an efficient upwind finite‐difference approach for solving the eikonal equation. However, the fast‐sweeping method is accurate only along the axis directions. In two‐dimensional or higher dimensional cases, the accuracy is severely decreased in the diagonal directions due to the numerical errors in these directions. These similar numerical errors also arose in higher order fast‐sweeping method and anisotropic fast‐sweeping method. To improve the accuracy of traveltime calculation in two‐dimensional or higher dimensional space, a shortest‐path‐aided fast‐sweeping method is proposed. The shortest‐path‐aided solution is embedded into the sweeping process of the standard fast‐sweeping method to improve the traveltime accuracy in the diagonal directions. Shortest‐path‐aided fast‐sweeping method is very easy to implement nearly without additional computational cost and memory consumption. Furthermore, this method is easy to extend from two‐dimensional to higher dimensional, from low‐order to higher‐order and from isotropic to anisotropic cases.
Paper‐based material with hydrophobic and antimicrobial properties: Advanced packaging materials for food applications
Authors: Jieying Shi , Tingting Li , Caie Wu , Dandan Zhou , Gongjian Fan , Xiaojing Li 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe environmental challenges posed by plastic pollution have prompted the exploration of eco‐friendly alternatives to disposable plastic packaging and utensils. Paper‐based materials, derived from renewable resources such as wood pulp, non‐wood pulp (bamboo pulp, straw pulp, reed pulp, etc.), and recycled paper fibers, are distinguished by their recyclability and biodegradability, making them promising substitutes in the field of plastic food packaging. Despite their merits, challenges like porosity, hydrophilicity, limited barrier properties, and a lack of functionality have restricted their packaging potential. To address these constraints, researchers have introduced antimicrobial agents, hydrophobic substances, and other functional components to improve both physical and functional properties. This enhancement has resulted in notable improvements in food preservation outcomes in real‐world scenarios. This paper offers a comprehensive review of recent progress in hydrophobic antimicrobial paper‐based materials. In addition to outlining the characteristics and functions of commonly used antimicrobial substances in food packaging, it consolidates the current research landscape and preparation techniques for hydrophobic paper. Furthermore, the paper explores the practical applications of hydrophobic antimicrobial paper‐based materials in agricultural produce, meat, and seafood, as well as ready‐to‐eat food packaging. Finally, challenges in production, application, and recycling processes are outlined to ensure safety and efficacy, and prospects for the future development of antimicrobial hydrophobic paper‐based materials are discussed. Overall, the emergence of hydrophobic antimicrobial paper‐based materials stands out as a robust alternative to plastic food packaging, offering a compelling solution with superior food preservation capabilities. In the future, paper‐based materials with antimicrobial and hydrophobic functionalities are expected to further enhance food safety as promising packaging materials.
Research on pear residue dietary fiber and Monascus pigments extracted through liquid fermentation
Authors: Chu Zhaolin , Liu Lanhua , Mu Dongdong , Chen Xiaoju , Zhang Min , Li Xingjiang , Wu Xuefeng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPear residue, a byproduct of pear juice extraction, is rich in soluble sugar, vitamins, minerals, and cellulose. This study utilized Monascus anka in liquid fermentation to extract dietary fiber (DF) from pear residue, and the structural and functional characteristics of the DF were analyzed. Soluble DF (SDF) content was increased from 7.9/100 g to 12.6 g/100 g, with a reduction of average particle size from 532.4 to 383.0 nm by fermenting with M. anka. Scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopic analysis revealed more porous and looser structures in Monascus pear residue DF (MPDF). Water‐, oil‐holding, and swelling capacities of MPDF were also enhanced. UV–visible spectral analysis showed that the yield of yellow pigment in Monascus pear residue fermentation broth (MPFB) was slightly higher than that in the Monascus blank control fermentation broth. The citrinin content in MPFB and M. anka seed broth was 0.90 and 0.98 ug/mL, respectively. Therefore, liquid fermentation with M. anka improved the structural and functional properties of MPDF, suggesting its potential as a functional ingredient in food.
Effect of hydrolyzed soybean on the volatile flavors and microbial community in the traditional brewing process of chi‐flavor Baijiu
Authors: Zhao Wenhong , Liang Minhua , Fan Puxi , Pan Lijuan , Liang Jinglong , Fei Yongtao , Bai Weidong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAddition of soybean in raw materials could improve the flavor of chi‐flavor Baijiu (CFB) in production. For investigating the mechanism of flavor improvement during fermentation, the changes of volatile flavors and their relationship with microbial community were analyzed. The results showed that the average contents of lactic and acetic acid in EG (added with hydrolyzed soybean) samples were higher those of CK (without hydrolyzed soybean) samples. The contents of main volatile esters, including ethyl acetate, ethyl palmitate, and ethyl benzoate, in EG samples were higher than those in CK samples at the end of fermentation. The content of alcohols in EG sample was 140.55 mg/L, higher than that in CK sample at the end of fermentation. Especially, the average content of characteristic flavor β‐phenylethanol in EG samples increased 17.6% in comparison with that in CK samples during fermentation. Lactobacillus and Pediococcus were the dominant bacterial genera, whereas Saccharomyces, Mortierella, and Trichosporon were dominant fungal genera in both CK and EG samples. Lactobacillus and Weissella confusa showed strong positive correlation with β‐phenylethanol, ethyl acetate, and ethyl benzoate. This study provides an in‐depth analysis of the effects of hydrolyzed soybeans on the volatile flavor compounds and microbial communities of CFB and theoretical guidance for improving the quality of CFB.
Powers of persuasion? China's struggle for human rights discourse power at the UN
Authors: Oud Malin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSince Xi Jinping came to power in 2012, the People's Republic of China has been on a mission to break what it describes as ‘Western hegemony’ around global norms. Beijing is engaged in a struggle to strengthen its influence in global governance and has identified increasing China's ‘discourse power’ at the United Nations (UN) as key to achieving this goal. Focused on human rights, this paper examines China's project to enhance its discourse power at the UN. It assesses how successful Beijing has been in shaping language, concepts and norms at the UN and to what extent there has been a power shift in line with China's aspirations. It concludes that in China's efforts to enhance its power over meaning at the UN, it relies less on its powers of persuasion to effect what Barnett and Duvall term productive power and more on compulsory power. China's vision for global governance and its growing clout at the UN has great implications for international order. In essence, China seeks to reshape international norms so that human rights become each member state's ‘internal affairs’ rather than a legitimate concern of the international community.
Between co‐optation and emancipation: Chinese women'sNGOsand power shifts at the United Nations
Authors: Cai Yiping 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRecent scholarship on China at the United Nations (UN) considers whether there has been a discernible shift in power in China's favour. However, existing analyses predominantly focus on state actors and UN entities, whereas non‐state actors, such as non‐governmental organisations (NGOs), are largely neglected. This article examines the participation of Chinese NGOs in the UN, contributing to the analysis of China's evolving position in global politics. Through the contextualised examination of Chinese women's NGOs' engagement with the UN over the past three decades, the argument contends that there are different types of Chinese NGOs operating in hierarchical and shifting political settings. Despite the Chinese state's attempts to co‐opt NGOs to strengthen its multilateral power base, it is oversimplified to perceive the engagement of Chinese NGOs at the UN as merely serving the interests of the state. Instead, Chinese NGOs play multifaceted roles that are shaped by their relationship with the state, as they deploy different strategies to navigate political space both at the UN and domestically. Although the Chinese government continues to dominate state‐NGO relations, at the UN and elsewhere, there are a few instances where UN fora have provided Chinese NGOs with precarious but increased room for manoeuvre vis‐à‐vis the state.
Effect of a peer‐led prevention program (P2P) on smoking in vocational high school students: Results from a two‐school‐year cluster‐randomized trial
Authors: Lareyre Olivier , Cousson‐Gélie Florence , Pereira Bruno , Stoebner‐Delbarre Anne , Lambert Céline , Gourlan Mathieu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimsThe aim of this work was to measure the impact of P2P (i.e. peer‐to‐peer), a peer‐led smoking prevention intervention, on daily smoking prevalence of adolescents over 2 school years.DesignA cluster‐randomized controlled trial was performed over a 16‐month follow‐up (trial status: closed to follow‐up). P2P was implemented 1–3 and 13–15 months after baseline. Assessments took place at baseline and 4, 10 and 16 months after baseline. The research team, assessors and adolescents were blinded to the study‐arm assignment only at baseline.SettingFifteen vocational high schools in France were randomized into two clusters, using a 1:1 allocation ratio per French department (n intervention = 7, n control = 8).ParticipantsParticipants comprised a sample of 2010 students in year 11 (i.e. 15–16 years) in vocational high schools. A total of 437 students could not be assessed at baseline (absent or left school), yielding a total sample of 1573 students (n intervention = 749, n control = 824).Intervention and comparatorThe P2P programme trained voluntary students to become peer educators and design smoking prevention actions for their schoolmates in the intervention group (n = 945 students), compared with a passive control group (n = 1065 students).MeasurementsThe primary outcome was change from baseline in the prevalence of self‐reported daily smoking (i.e. at least one cigarette per day) at 16 months.FindingsThe ‘time × group’ interaction indicated that, compared with the control group, the intervention group had statistically significantly fewer daily smokers after 16 months [odds ratio (OR) = 0.33, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.20, 0.53]. Similarly, compared with the control group, the intervention group had statistically significantly fewer daily smokers after 4 months (OR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.30, 0.82) and 10 months (OR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.37, 0.98). No adverse events of P2P2 were reported.ConclusionsA cluster‐randomized trial found evidence that the peer‐led P2P (peer‐to‐peer) smoking prevention intervention reduced the uptake of daily smoking among high school students in France over 16 months.
Two Racial Capitalisms: Marxism, Domination, and Resistance in Cedric Robinson and Stuart Hall
Authors: Paret Marcel , Levenson Zachary 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe popularity of the concept of “racial capitalism” has exploded over the past decade, penetrating both academic and activist circles. Two thinkers have been foundational to this revival: Cedric Robinson and Stuart Hall. Whereas previous scholarship has tended to merge these two thinkers into a single framework, we argue that they develop divergent, and potentially irreconcilable, theories of racial capitalism. Robinson and Hall both challenge an orthodox Marxism that crudely reads politics from class position, and both point to the constitutive roles of culture and racism in mass mobilisation. Yet they diverge in two key ways. First, they root their theories in incongruous systemic logics: Robinson emphasises racial differentiation and domination, whereas Hall emphasises the maintenance of capitalist hegemony. And second, Robinson's theories of domination and resistance are rooted in spatial connections, most importantly via Western racialism and what he calls the Black radical tradition, both of which envelop the globe. By contrast, Hall insists on the spatial fragmentation of domination and resistance, which emerge as conjunctural articulations in specific contexts. Challenging the idea that there is a singular racial capitalism lens or frame, we urge scholars and activists alike to rigorously interrogate the specific mechanisms linking racism and capitalism.
Editorial: Revisit the causes and long‐term outcomes in cirrhosis patients—Authors' reply
Authors: Henry Linda , Tran Sally , Nguyen Mindie H. 
Published: May 2024

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Tran et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18024 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18046.
Classification of the high‐rank syntaxa of the Central and Eastern Balkan dry grasslands with a new hierarchical expert system approach
Authors: Vassilev Kiril , Bergmeier Erwin , Boch Steffen , Pedashenko Hristo , Sopotlieva Desislava , Tsiripidis Ioannis , Apostolova Iva , Fotiadis Georgios , Ganeva Anna , Genova Beloslava , Natcheva Rayna , Pirini Chrisoula , Shivarov Veselin , Tichý Lubomír , Vrahnakis Michael , Dengler Jürgen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimsDeveloping a hierarchical classification system for classes, orders and alliances of the diverse dry grasslands of the Central and Eastern Balkan Peninsula and translating this into an electronic expert system (ES) for the automatic assignment of plots.LocationSerbia, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Bulgaria and northern Greece.MethodsWe extracted 5734 plots from the Balkan Dry Grassland Database corresponding to eight classes of dry grasslands reported from the region, using the EuroVegChecklist ES. This data set and later the plots within each derived subunit were subjected to a new numerical approach: starting with an initial partitioning (expert‐interpreted TWINSPAN classification), diagnostic species were determined based on their phi‐values for the target vegetation type and the differences in phi‐values to the next similar types. These diagnostic species were fed into an ES to create a new partitioning, a procedure which was iterated until diagnostic species and species of the ES converged. Then the same approach was applied within each of the derived units to define the units of the next‐lower level.ResultsThe iterative cluster optimisation (ICO) converged in all cases. The resulting hierarchical expert system (HES) classified 95% of all plots to alliances. We distinguished four classes with eight orders and 12 alliances: (1) Tuberarietea guttatae (Romuleion); (2) Stipo‐Brachypodietea distachyi (Clinopodio alpini‐Thymion striati); (3) Festuco‐Brometea with Brachypodietalia pinnati (Chrysopogono‐Danthonion calycinae and Cirsio‐Brachypodion pinnati), Festucetalia valesiacae (Festucion valesiacae), an unnamed order of rocky steppes (with Pimpinello‐Thymion zygioidis) and Koelerietalia splendentis (Centaureo‐Bromion fibrosi, Saturejion montanae and Diantho haematocalycis‐Festucion hirtovaginatae); (four) Koelerio‐Corynephoretea with Sedo acris‐Festucetalia (Festucion vaginatae) and Trifolio arvensis‐Festucetalia ovinae (Armerio rumelicae‐Potentillion and Minuartio montanae‐Poion molinerii all. nov.).ConclusionsWe created a unified hierarchical classification with an electronic ES using diagnostic species defined by phi‐values. Our new approach (ICO‐HES: iterative cluster optimisation for hierarchical expert systems) allows dividing large data sets into meaningful units at several hierarchical levels, and thus has high potential for complex classifications. Importantly, it overcomes the divide between ES species and diagnostic species and re‐unites them into one concept.
Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of venetoclax, a selective B‐cell lymphoma‐2 inhibitor
Authors: Salem Ahmed Hamed , Menon Rajeev M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractVenetoclax, a highly potent BCL‐2 inhibitor, is indicated for treatment of some hematologic malignancies as monotherapy, and/or in combination with other agents. Venetoclax pharmacokinetics has been extensively characterized in patients and healthy participants. After oral dosing, the median time to reach maximum plasma concentration ranged from 5 to 8 h and harmonic mean half‐life ranged from 14 to 18 h. Food increases venetoclax bioavailability by 3–5‐fold and venetoclax should be administered with food to ensure adequate and consistent bioavailability. Venetoclax is eliminated via cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A metabolism, and a negligible amount of unchanged drug is excreted in urine. Strong CYP3A/P‐glycoprotein inhibitors increased venetoclax exposures (AUC) by 1.44‐ to 6.90‐fold while a significant decrease (71%) has been observed when dosed with strong CYP3 inducers. Venetoclax does not inhibit or induce CYP enzymes or transporters. Venetoclax pharmacokinetics is not appreciably altered by age, weight, sex, but the exposure is up to twofold higher in participants from Asian countries. Mild‐to‐severe renal impairment or end‐stage renal disease do not alter venetoclax exposures, and venetoclax is not cleared by dialysis. Although mild‐to‐moderate hepatic impairment does not affect venetoclax exposures, twofold higher exposure was observed in subjects with severe hepatic impairment. Venetoclax exposure is comparable across patients with different hematologic malignancies and healthy participants. Overall, venetoclax exposure is only affected by food and CYP3A modulators and is only higher in Asian subjects and subjects with severe hepatic impairment. Venetoclax exposure–response relationships are malignancy‐dependent and can be different between monotherapy and combination therapy.