bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die Tragfähigkeit schlanker Stützen, Rahmen und Bögen
Authors: Herzog † Max 
Published: July 2012

AbstractNach einem kurzen geschichtlichen Rückblick wird die Stabilitätslehre für Stützen, Rahmen und Bögen aus Baustahl erläutert und auf die Nachrechnung von sechs großen Versuchskörpern angewendet. Der Vergleich mit den gemessenen Tragfähigkeiten zeigt, dass die Größe der in der Berechnung angenommenen Verformung beim Versagen des betrachteten Stabtragwerks von ausschlaggebender Bedeutung für das Rechenergebnis ist. Ein Umstand, der sowohl in der alten DIN 4114 (1952) als auch in der neueren DIN 18800 (1990) und im neuen EC 3 (DIN EN 1993‐1‐3 vom Dezember 2010) ungenügend berücksichtigt wurde. Wegen der zu kleinen rechnerischen Bruchverformungen fallen die Tragsicherheiten nach den vorgenannten Normen im Allgemeinen zu groß aus.The ultimate capacity of slender columns, frames and arches. After a short historical review the theory of stability for columns, frames and arches of structural steel is explained and applied to the posterior analysis of six large test structures. The comparison with the measured ultimate capacities shows that the assumed size of the structural deformation at collapse is of decisive importance which was insufficiently considered in the old German standard DIN 4114 (1952) as well as in the newer one DIN 18800 (1990) and in the new Eurocode EC 3 (DIN 1993‐1‐3 of December 2010). As the introduced collapse deformations are too small the safety predictions according to the above mentioned standards are generally big.
Increased brown bear predation on sika deer fawns following a deer population irruption in eastern Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: Kobayashi Kyoko , Sato Yoshikazu , Kaji Koichi 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBy the 1970s, brown bears (Ursus arctos) in Hokkaido, northern Japan, were opportunistic omnivores that mainly depended on plant materials. Because the sika deer (Cervus nippon) population irrupted in eastern Hokkaido in the 1990s, we expected that brown bears might prey on sika deer fawns. First, we developed a simple and cost‐effective method of monitoring possible bear predation on deer fawns by analyzing the widths of deer hairs remained in bear scats. Based on hair thickness standards, we distinguished the brown bear consumption of deer fawns from adults by analyzing bear scats (n = 108) collected during the deer birthing season (late May–late July) in 1999–2008. To evaluate the importance of fawns to bears, we compared the occurrence of fawn and adult deer hairs in bear scats among three periods (I, 1999–2000; II, 2003–2005; III, 2006–2008) in eastern Hokkaido. The occurrence of fawn hairs in bear scats increased from 12.5 to 27.3 % in volume and from 6.3 to 33.6 % in frequency from period I to period III, whereas adult hairs in scats decreased from 42.8 to 26.1 % in volume and from 34.4 to 22.7 % in frequency during the same time. These data suggest that bears increasingly preyed on deer fawns after the deer population irruption and decreasingly used adult carcasses because of the enforcement of deer carcass treatment by the Hokkaido government.
Invasive Eupatorium adenophorum suffers lower enemy impact on carbon assimilation than native congeners
Authors: Zheng Y.‐L. , Feng Y.‐L. , Wang R.‐F. , Shi X.‐D. , Lei Y.‐B. , Han L.‐H. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractEnemy release hypothesis predicts that alien plants that escape from their natural enemies suffer lower enemy regulation in their introduced ranges than in native ranges. An extension of this theory suggests that if enemy release plays a crucial role in invasive success, then in the introduced range, invasive plants should also suffer lower local enemy impact than native residents (local enemy release hypothesis, LERH). In order to test LERH, we compared invasive Eupatorium adenophorum with two native congeners (E. heterophyllum and E. japonicum) in terms of damage by leaf enemies at two natural field sites and two manipulated sites. We also determined enemy impact on carbon assimilation at two manipulated sites. In each site, E. adenophorum was only damaged by herbivores, while in native congeners, leaf scabs or (and) leaf rolls was found in addition to herbivory damage. In both manipulated sites, the total enemy impact on carbon assimilation was lower for E. adenophorum than for native congeners; this observation was consistent with LERH. The results of this study indicate that a short co‐existence time with generalist enemies (behavior constraint) might be the main contributor to the lower enemy impact on E. adenophorum.
Variability of local spatial structure in a wave‐regenerated Abies forest
Authors: Suzuki Satoshi N. , Kachi Naoki , Suzuki Jun‐Ichirou 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAlthough some studies have demonstrated temporal patterns of changes in spatial structure during forest development, few studies have examined the variability of spatial structure between stands at the same developmental stage. In the present study, we investigated variations of spatial structure between sites at the same developmental stage for three developmental stages (sapling, intermediate, and mature) in a wave‐regenerated Abiesveitchii and Abies mariesii forest. The spatial structure of tree heights in each plot was analyzed by using the mark correlation and mark variogram methods, and the pattern of tree locations in each plot was analyzed by using the pair‐correlation function. Analysis of the spatial height structure indicated that a size hierarchy between neighboring trees (a local size hierarchy) generally did not develop at the sapling stage. A local size hierarchy developed in most plots during the two later stages. There was no obvious difference among developmental stages in the spatial pattern of tree locations because of the large variation within each stage. Our results demonstrate that large variation in spatial structure existed between sites in the wave‐regenerated Abies forest, even at the same developmental stage. The variability in spatial structure confirmed the importance of stochastic factors in forest dynamics.
Thermodynamics of Micellization of Sulfobetaine Surfactants in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Cheng Cheng‐jie , Qu Guang‐miao , Wei Ji‐jun , Yu Tao , Ding Wei 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe thermodynamics of micellization of the sulfobetaine (SB) amphoteric surfactants, that is N‐alkyl‐N,N‐dimethyl‐3‐ammonio‐1‐propanesulfonate and N‐alkyl‐N,Nd‐imethyl‐3‐ammonio‐1‐butanesulfonate (the carbon atom number of the alkyl chain is 12, 14 and 16 respectively) in aqueous solution, have been studied by surface tension measurements with the temperature range from 298.15 to 318.15 K. The critical micelle concentrations (CMC) of SB n‐3 and SB n‐4 surfactants were determined from the drop‐volume methods at different temperatures. The obtained results indicated that the values of critical micelle concentration strongly depended on the surfactants species and temperatures. Thermodynamic parameters (, and ) of the micelle formation were determined. The micellization was found to be enthalpy‐driven at lower temperatures, while this process was entropy‐driven at higher temperatures. The enthalpy–entropy compensation were also investigated. The compensation temperature Tc and decreased, while increased with the increase in the hydrophobic chain length.
Thermo‐induced Vesicular Dynamics of Membranes Containing Cholesterol Derivatives
Authors: Yoda Tsuyoshi , Vestergaard Mun'delanji C. , Hamada Tsutomu , Le Phuc Thi Minh , Takagi Masahiro 
Published: June 2012

AbstractMembrane structural organization is an intrinsic property of a cell membrane. Any changes in lipid composition, and/or any stimuli that affect molecular packing induce structural re‐organization. It membrane dynamics provide a means by which changes in structure organization can be determined, upon a change in the membrane internal or external environment. Here, we report on the effect of thermo‐stress on membranes containing cholesterol liquid crystal (LC) compounds cholesterol benzoate (BENZO) and oxidized cholesterols. We have (1) revealed that lipid vesicles containing this artificial cholesterol derivative (BENZO) is thermo‐responsive, and that this thermo‐sensitivity is significantly similar to naturally oxy‐cholesterols (2) elucidated the mechanism behind the membrane perturbation. Using Langmuir monolayer experiments, we have demonstrated that membrane perturbation was due to an increase in the molecular surface area, (3) discussed the similarities between cholesterol benzoate in the cholesterol LC state and in lipid bilayer membranes. Last, (4) drawing from previously reported findings, our new data on membrane dynamics, and the discussion above, we propose that artificial cholesterol derivatives such as BENZO, open new possibilities for controlled and tailored design using model membrane systems. Examples could include the development of membrane technology and provide a trigger for progress in thermo‐tropical liquid crystal engineering.
Real‐time feedback and booking behavior in the hospitality industry: Moderating the balance between imperfect judgment and imperfect prescription
Authors: Bendoly Elliot 
Published: June 2012

AbstractRevenue management (RM) systems now have an established role in the hospitality industry. Nevertheless, use of the systems varies. The price points that these systems generate through the analysis of demand forecasts are, by their very nature, imperfect prescriptions. Given the risk of forecast error in certain reservation contexts, hotel agents are often given the latitude to accept rate bids below the pricing prescriptions of these systems. The frequency and extent of such deviation is dependent in large part on the judgment of reservation agents, who in turn are influenced by their perceptions of how their actions will be viewed by higher levels of management. In this study, we use a laboratory experiment to investigate how different forms of continuous performance feedback influence agent decisions. More specifically, we consider both a revenue‐focused metric as well as a metric framed around pricing‐curve adherence as the basis of two feedback mechanisms of interest. In an attempt to provide additional insight, we also monitored physiological markers of stress and arousal to determine the emotional state of subjects. The purpose is to use such observations in support of theory regarding the impact of performance measure orientation on decision making. The results suggest implications for the practical use of continuous feedback in these settings.
Expression of osteoclast‐related cytokines in mandibular invasion by gingival squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Matsubara Shizuka , Nomura Takeshi , Takano Nobuo , Shibahara Takahiko 
Published: June 2012

AbstractGingival squamous cell carcinoma (GSCC) displays strong potential for local infiltration. Detailed evaluation of bone invasion to the mandible is an important problem clinically. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of osteoclast‐related cytokines, which play an important role in mandibular invasion. A total of 23 cases of lower GSCC were classified histopathologically as non‐invasive group (n = 10) or invasive group (n = 13). Cytokines of interleukin (IL)‐1α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐11, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, parathyroid hormone‐related protein (PTHrP), receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK), RANK ligand (RANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) were selected. In this prospective study, the expressions of these cytokines were studied by quantitative real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. IL‐1α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α, PTHrP, and RANKL were expressed higher in the invasive group. In particular, IL‐6 was considered as a non‐specific cytokine which responds to inflammatory change by tumor or non‐tumor stimulation. These results suggest that IL‐1α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α, PTHrP, and RANKL play important roles in the mechanisms underlying mandibular invasion. Furthermore, expression analysis of OPG/RANK/RANKL system may contribute to treatment and prevention of GSCC in future.
Advancing paternal age and offspring violent offending: A sibling-comparison study
Authors: Kuja-Halkola Ralf , Pawitan Yudi , D'Onofrio Brian M. , Långström Niklas , Lichtenstein Paul 
Published: July 2012

AbstractChildren born to older fathers are at higher risk to develop severe psychopathology (e.g., schizophrenia and bipolar disorder), possibly because of increased de novo mutations during spermatogenesis with older paternal age. Because severe psychopathology is correlated with antisocial behavior, we examined possible associations between advancing paternal age and offspring violent offending. Interlinked Swedish national registers provided information on fathers' age at childbirth and violent criminal convictions in all offspring born from 1958 to 1979 (N= 2,359,921). We used ever committing a violent crime and number of violent crimes as indices of violent offending. The data included information on multiple levels; we compared differentially exposed siblings in within-family analyses to rigorously test causal influences. In the entire population, advancing paternal age predicted offspring violent crime according to both indices. Congruent with a causal effect, this association remained for rates of violent crime in within-family analyses. However, in within-family analyses, we found no association with ever committing a violent crime, suggesting that factors shared by siblings (genes and environment) confounded this association. Life-course persistent criminality has been proposed to have a partly biological etiology; our results agree with a stronger biological effect (i.e., de novo mutations) on persistent violent offending.
Utility of the waist-to-height ratio as an instrument to measure parental perception of body weight in children and its use in a population-based survey of children
Authors: Nambiar Smita , Truby Helen , Hughes Ian , Davies Peter SW 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate which anthropometric measure of overweight status, BMI or waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), is most closely associated with parents’ perception of their child's overweight status.DesignThe sensitivity and specificity of parental perception against child-specific BMI and WHtR definitions of overweight were tested.SettingPrimary schools in Queensland, Australia.SubjectsBoys and girls aged 9·00–11·99 years (n1431).ResultsOf the 138 boys and 202 girls who were classified as overweight according to BMI, only 27·5 % (boys) and 22·7 % (girls) were also perceived as overweight by their parents. Using WHtR, 206 boys and 333 girls were classified as overweight, of whom only 21·9 % and 13·8 %, respectively, were perceived as overweight. Perception of overweight was underestimated in approximately 15 % of boys and 21 % of girls when compared with BMI. Underestimation was higher when compared with WHtR: 25 % (boys) and 39 % (girls). Overweight prevalence was significantly lower according to perception than according to BMI or WHtR. Mother's education level was significantly associated with accurate perception of overweight status (P< 0·001).ConclusionsThe sensitivity of parental perception of child overweight was higher when BMI was used. However, emphasis needs to be placed on using WHtR as an actual measure of overweight because high central adiposity is associated with increased risk of CVD. The combined use of WHtR, body-shape images rather than word responses regarding perception and public health messages that educate parents and children about body shape and associated health risks may be the best combination in improving parents’ perception of their child's overweight status.
The use of sports references in marketing of food and beverage products in supermarkets
Authors: Bragg Marie A , Liu Peggy J , Roberto Christina A , Sarda Vishnu , Harris Jennifer L , Brownell Kelly D 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjectiveFood marketing has been identified as a significant driver of the childhood obesity epidemic. The purpose of the present study was to (i) conduct a content analysis of the types of sports references that appear on supermarket food and beverage products and (ii) assess each product's nutritional and marketing profile.DesignThis was a descriptive study. Every product featuring sports references on the packaging was purchased in two major supermarkets during 2010. A content analysis was conducted and nutritional evaluations were made based on the Nutrient Profile Model, a validated nutrition model. Marketing data were obtained from The Nielsen Company.SettingTwo major supermarkets in Connecticut, USA.SubjectsFood and beverage products (n 102) were selected from two supermarkets.ResultsThe 102 products (fifty-three foods and forty-nine beverages) had sports references as part of their packaging: 72·5 % featured a character exercising, 42·2 % were endorsed by a professional sports entity and 34·0 % were child-targeted. The median nutrition score for food products was 36 (1 = unhealthiest and 100 = healthiest; scores of ≥63 are considered healthy according to this model). More than two-thirds of beverages (69·4 %) were 100 % sugar-sweetened. Children saw significantly more commercials for these products than adults.ConclusionsCompanies place sports figures on food and beverage products that are child-targeted and unhealthy.
Die Zukunft der Personalentwicklung
Authors: Schermuly Carsten Christoph , Schröder Tobias , Nachtwei Jens , Kauffeld Simone , Gläs Karl 
Published: June 2012

Maßnahmen zur Personalentwicklung sichern im globalen Wettbewerb die Innovations- und Zukunftsfähigkeit von Unternehmen. Sie helfen, den Arbeitnehmer/-innen ihre Beschäftigungsfähigkeit zu erhalten und dienen vielen Psychologinnen und Psychologen als Erwerbsgrundlage. Für die strategische Ausrichtung aller Beteiligten ist die Kenntnis von besonderer Bedeutung, wie sich die Personalentwicklung perspektivisch entwickeln wird. Dieser Fragestellung wurde mit einer Delphi-Studie nachgegangen, um eine wissenschaftlich fundierte Bestandsaufnahme wahrscheinlich zu erwartender Entwicklungen der Personalentwicklung in Deutschland zu erreichen. Nach einer ersten qualitativen Delphirunde mit 15 Praxisexperten wurden verschiedene Szenarien bezüglich der Zukunft der Personalentwicklung entwickelt. Diese wurden in zwei quantitativen Runden von 217 bzw. 195 Praxisexperten hinsichtlich des Ist-Zustands, des zukünftigen Zustands sowie des Erwünschtheitsgrads eingeschätzt. Die Praxisexperten prognostizieren u. a. eine stärkere Evaluation von Personalentwicklungsmaßnahmen sowie eine intensivere Verzahnung der Personalentwicklung mit der Eignungsdiagnostik und der Organisationsentwicklung; weiterhin eine stärkere Fokussierung auf das Wissensmanagement sowie die Entwicklung älterer Beschäftigter.
Interseismic strain accumulation along the western boundary of the Indian subcontinent
Authors: Szeliga Walter , Bilham Roger , Kakar Din Mohammad , Lodi Sarosh H. 
Published: July 2012

Despite an overall sinistral slip rate of ≈3 cm/yr, few major earthquakes have occurred in the past 200 years along the Chaman fault system, the western boundary of the India Plate with the Eurasia Plate. GPS and InSAR data reported here indicate sinistral shear velocities of 8–17 mm/yr across the westernmost branches of the fault system, suggesting that a significant fraction of the plate boundary slip is distributed in the fold and fault belt to the east. At its southernmost on‐land segment (≈26°N), near the triple junction between the Arabia, Eurasia, and India Plates, we find the velocity across the Ornach Nal fault is 15.1+13.4+16.9mm/yr, with a locking depth probably less than 3 km. At latitude 30°N near the town of Chaman, Pakistan, where a M6.5 earthquake occurred in 1892, the velocity is 8.5+6.8+10.3mm/yr and the fault is locked at approximately 3.4 km depth. At latitude 33°N and further north, InSAR data indicate a velocity across the Chaman fault of 16.8 ± 2.7 mm/yr. The width of the plate boundary varies from several km in the south where we observe ≈2 mm/yr of convergence near the westernmost strike‐slip faults, to a few hundreds of km in the north where we observe 6–9 mm/yr of convergence, and where the faulting becomes distinctly transpressional. The shallow locking depth along much of the transform system suggests that earthquakes larger than those that have occurred in the historical record would be unexpected, and that the recurrence interval of those earthquakes that have occurred is of the order of one or two centuries, similar in length to the known historical record.
Global left ventricular longitudinal strain is closely associated with increased neurohormonal activation after acute myocardial infarction in patients with both reduced and preserved ejection fraction: a two‐dimensional speckle tracking study
Authors: Ersbøll Mads , Valeur Nana , Mogensen Ulrik Madvig , Andersen Mads , Greibe Rasmus , Møller Jacob Eifer , Hassager Christian , Søgaard Peter , Køber Lars 
Published: June 2012

AimsN‐terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) is released in response to increased myocardial wall stress and is associated with adverse outcome in acute myocardial infarction. However, little is known about the relationship between longitudinal deformation indices and NT‐proBNP.Methods and resultsWe prospectively included 611 patients with acute myocardial infarction admitted to a tertiary centre and performed echocardiography within 48 h of admission. Global longitudinal myocardial function was assessed by two‐dimensional speckle tracking simultaneously with measurement of plasma NT‐proBNP. A significant linear relationship between NT‐proBNP and global longitudinal strain (GLS) was found (P < 0.0001, r = 0.62). Weaker correlation was found between NT‐proBNP and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF; P < 0.0001, r = – 0.44). GLS emerged on multivariable analysis including age, sex, estimated glomerular filtration rate, Killip class ≥2, diabetes, hypertension, presence of ST segment elevation, anterior infarction, troponin level, left atrial volume index, mitral valve deceleration time, and E/e' as the strongest predictor of log(NT‐proBNP) (P < 0.0001). In patients with preserved systolic function (LVEF >45%), GLS remained strongly correlated with NT‐proBNP (P < 0.0001, r = 0.50). The C‐statistic associated with prediction of upper vs. lower quartiles of NT‐proBNP was significantly higher for GLS compared with LVEF (0.76 vs. 0.56; P < 0.0001).ConclusionLeft ventricular longitudinal function assessed by GLS exhibits a stronger association with NT‐proBNP levels in acute myocardial infarction compared with LVEF. In patients with apparently preserved systolic function, GLS is superior to LVEF in identifying increased neurohormonal activation.