bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genistein as a neuroprotective antioxidant attenuates redox imbalance induced by β‐amyloid peptides 25–35 in PC12 cells
Authors: Ma Weiwei , Yuan Linhong , Yu Huanling , Ding Bingjie , Xi Yuandi , Feng Jinfang , Xiao Rong 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectiveGenistein (GEN), a principal component of soybean isoflavones, might possess the neuroprotective role through its antioxidant activity. However, the detailed mechanisms are unknown yet. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether GEN could alleviate oxidative damage induced by β‐amyloid peptides 25–35 (Aβ25–35) in PC12 cells.MethodsThe PC12 cells were pre‐incubated with or without GEN for 2 h following incubation with Aβ25–35 for another 24 h. MTT was used to assess the cell viability. Hoechst 33342 staining was applied to determine the apoptotic cells. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was implemented to examine the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was measured by flow cytometry. Reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio was analyzed by using assay kits. Western blot analysis was performed to assess the proteins expression of NF‐E2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) and γ‐glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ‐GCS).ResultsGEN attenuated the cytotoxicity and partially prevented apoptosis induced by Aβ25–35. GEN dramatically attenuated ROS levels induced by Aβ25–35 in PC12 cells. In addition, GEN significantly reversed the reduction of MMP caused by Aβ25–35 to maintain the normal levels of the cells. The GSH/GSSG ratio in GEN pretreated groups significantly increased compared to the groups without GEN pretreatment. GEN reversed Aβ25–35 induced down regulation of the protein expression of γ‐GCS, Nrf2 and HO‐1.ConclusionGEN could alleviate the oxidative stress caused by Aβ25–35 treatment and maintain redox balance in PC12 cells, which might be associated with the regulation of Nrf2/HO‐1 signal pathway.
Risk factors for vaginal prolapse after hysterectomy
Authors: Lukanovič Adolf , Dražič Katarina 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo identify risk factors for pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and their influence on the occurrence of vaginal prolapse after hysterectomy.MethodsMedical records from 2 groups of women who had undergone hysterectomy were reviewed retrospectively. The study group was 82 women who had undergone surgery for vaginal prolapse after hysterectomy; the control group was 124 women who had undergone hysterectomy with no diagnosis of vaginal prolapse by the time of the study. All hysterectomy procedures had been performed for benign gynecological disease, including POP. Both groups of women completed a self‐administered questionnaire to obtain additional information on the occurrence of POP.ResultsThe incidence of vaginal prolapse after hysterectomy was significantly higher in women with a higher number of vaginal deliveries, more difficult deliveries, fewer cesareans, complications after hysterectomy, heavy physical work, neurological disease, hysterectomy for pelvic organ prolapse, and/or a family history of pelvic organ prolapse. Premenopausal women had vaginal prolapse corrected an average of 16 years after hysterectomy, and postmenopausal women 7 years post hysterectomy.ConclusionBefore deciding on hysterectomy as the approach to treat a woman with pelvic floor dysfunction, the surgeon should evaluate these risk factors and discuss them with the patient.
Evaluating local implementation: An evidence-based approach
Authors: Wond Tracey , Macaulay Michael 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This article, based on data collected from a year-long study, investigates the evaluation of a UK local government policy implementation and the use of evaluation data as an evidence-base for public policy (Bovaird & Loeffler, 2007; McCoy & Hargie, 2001; Schofield, 2004; Stern, 2008). Our case study highlights a number of issues. First, uncertainty and ambiguity of policy direction inhibiting the establishment of clear evaluation goals, which, second, results in frustration among stakeholders at a perceived disparity between what we term problem-inspired policy and problem-solving policy. Finally, this perception can be compounded by a lack of consideration for local variations of, for example, specific cultures, geographies or historical contexts. In responding to these problems our article argues that regardless of where policy control and decision-making occurs, the importance of the experiences of policy-implementers at a local level (where subject/geographical/cultural specialism and familiarisation exists) is crucial.
Die Lebenssituationen Parkinsonbetroffener und deren Angehörigen im Spiegel der Literatur – ein Überblick
Authors: Mai Tobias , Schnepp Wilfried , Höhmann Ulrike 
Published: April 2010

Trotz neuer Therapieformen gibt es derzeit keine Aussicht auf Heilung oder Stillstand der Parkinsonerkrankung. Deshalb und wegen des prognostizierten Wachstums der Anzahl der Parkinsonbetroffenen wird neben der medizinischen auch die pflegerische Versorgung der Betroffenen in Zukunft von größerer Bedeutung sein. Die durchgeführte Literaturrecherche hatte zum Ziel, die in der Fachliteratur beschriebenen Situationen der Parkinsonbetroffenen und deren Angehörigen zu untersuchen, um an diesen Beschreibungen die spezialisierte Pflege in Deutschland zu diskutieren. Die systematische Suche wurde in den Datenbanken PubMed, CINAHL, Embase und Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews durchgeführt. Die Resultate wurden in erster Linie im Hinblick auf zwei der zentralen Merkmale einer ­sozialen Situation nach Dreitzel (1972) – den inhaltlichen Themen und den Interaktionspartnern – betrachtet. Die Themen wurden anhand der Bewältigungsanforderungen dargestellt, die nach Corbin und Strauss (2004) im Laufe einer chronischen Krankheit auftreten. Die Ergebnisse der Recherche von 41 Studien und Übersichtsartikeln zeigen auf Basis der zentralen Bewältigungsanforderungen der Betroffenen in unterschiedlichen Lebenssituationen die Notwendigkeit einer kontinuierlichen Begleitung von Menschen mit Parkinsonsyndromen und deren Angehörigen. Dabei geht es um zentrale Themen wie finanzielle Absicherung, Aufrechterhaltung der eigenen Rolle, Unterstützung im Umgang mit der Diagnose bekommen und Akzeptanz von Gesundheitsberufen gegenüber der eigenen körperlichen Symptomwahrnehmung erhalten. Als besonders herausfordernde Lebenssituationen werden das Arbeits- und das Familienleben, Paarbeziehungen, Arzt-Patient- und Pflege-Patient-Beziehungen, Eltern-Kind-Beziehungen sowie Leben in der Gesellschaft beschrieben. Die Bedeutung einer Begleitung durch eine spezialisierte Pflegekraft im Sinne der Parkinson's Disease Nurse Specialists wird diskutiert.
Wie Menschen mit einer Amputation der unteren Extremitäten ihren Alltag erleben und bewältigen
Authors: Möhler Ralph , Schnepp Wilfried 
Published: April 2010

Eine Amputation der unteren Extremitäten stellt für die Betroffenen einen starken Einschnitt im Leben dar. Von einem Moment auf den anderen ist ein wesentlicher Teil des Körpers nicht mehr vorhanden und gleichzeitig ist die Gehfähigkeit nicht mehr selbstverständlich. Gefäßschädigende Komplikationen bei Diabetes mellitus zählen zu den häufigsten Ursachen für eine Amputation der unteren Extremitäten. Betroffene, die an dieser chronischen Krankheit leiden, sind in ihrem Alltag bereits besonderen Belastungen und Unsicherheiten ausgesetzt. Was es jedoch bedeutet, mit einer chronischen Krankheit leben zu müssen und zudem noch eine Amputation zu erleben, ist bislang wenig erforscht. Die vorliegende Forschungsarbeit untersucht die Frage, wie Menschen mit einer Amputation der unteren Extremitäten aufgrund einer Gefäßerkrankung ihren Alltag erleben und bewältigen. Zur Bearbeitung dieser Fragestellung wurde ein qualitatives Forschungsdesign nach dem Ansatz der Grounded Theory gewählt. Qualitative Interviews mit neun von einer Amputation betroffenen Menschen wurden geführt und die Auswertung der Daten erfolgte anhand der Methode der Grounded Theory. Die Betroffenen erleben infolge der Amputation einschneidende Verluste: den Verlust eines Körperteils mit Folgen für ihr Körperbild, den Verlust ihrer Mobilität – daraus resultierend eine Abhängigkeit von Hilfsmitteln – und den Verlust von Alltagsfähigkeiten. Sie bewältigen diese Verluste, indem sie sich damit «abfinden». Den Alltag bewältigen sie, indem sie sich bemühen, ihre selbstständige Mobilität wiederzugewinnen, was ihnen gleichzeitig die Möglichkeit eröffnet, jeweils individuell bedeutsame Aktivitäten und Tätigkeiten im Rahmen bestehender Einschränkungen wieder ausführen zu können. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit leisten einen Beitrag dazu, die Herausforderungen des Alltags nach einer Amputation der unteren Extremitäten aufgrund einer gefäßschädigenden Erkrankung verstehen zu können, was als Grundlage für die Begleitung dieser Menschen dienen soll.
Testtheoretische Gütekriterien des Q-DIO, eines Instruments zur Messung der Qualität der Dokumentation von Pflegediagnosen, -interventionen und -ergebnissen
Authors: Müller-Staub Maria , Lunney Margaret , Lavin Mary Ann , Needham Ian , Odenbreit Matthias , van Achterberg Theo 
Published: April 2010

Das Instrument Q-DIO wurde zur Messung der Qualität von dokumentierten Pflegediagnosen, Pflegeinterventionen und pflegesensiblen Patientenergebnissen in den Jahren 2005 bis 2006 entwickelt. Das Ziel dieser Studie war die Prüfung testtheoretischer Eigenschaften von Q-DIO (Quality of Nursing Diagnoses, Interventions and Outcomes). Die Prüfung des Instruments umfasste die interne Konsistenz, Test-Retest-Reliabilität, Interrater-Reliabilität, eine Itemanalyse und die Einschätzung der Objektivität. Um Aussagen zur Variabilität der Messergebnisse zu erhalten, wurde eine geschichtete zufällige Stichprobe von 60 Pflegedokumentationen gewählt. Die Schichten repräsentierten 30 Pflegedokumentation mit und 30 ohne Einführung theoriegeleiteter standardisierter Pflegesprachen. Die Prüfung der internen Konsistenz der Subskala «Pflegediagnosen als Prozess» ergab ein Cronbach's Alpha von 0,83 [0,78; 0,88]; die Subskala «Pflegediagnosen als Produkt» 0,98 [0,94; 0,99]; «Pflegeinterventionen» 0,90 [0,85; 0,94] und «pflegesensible Patientenergebnisse» 0,99 [0,95; 0,99]. Mit einem Kappawert von 0,95 [0,90; 0,97] war die Intrarater-Reliabilität gut. Die Interrater-Reliabilität zeigte einen Kappawert von 0,94 [0,90; 0,96]. Die Itemanalyse bestätigte die Erfüllung der Kriterien zu Schwierigkeitsgrad und Trennschärfe der Items. Damit ermöglicht Q-DIO die zuverlässige Messung der Qualität von dokumentierten Pflegediagnosen, -interventionen und -ergebnissen mit und ohne Einführung von theoriegeleiteten, standardisierten Pflegesprachen. Studien zu weiteren Testungen von Q-DIO in anderen Settings werden empfohlen. Implizit unterstützen die Resultate die Anwendung von Pflegeklassifikationen wie NANDA, NIC und NOC.
Providing Augmentative and Alternative Communication Treatment to Persons With Progressive Nonfluent Aphasia
Authors: Fried-Oken Melanie , Rowland Charity , Gibbons Chris 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) intervention offers people diagnosed with progressive nonfluent aphasia (PNFA) an opportunity to continue to communicate even as verbal expression declines. To date, there are no well-controlled studies reporting the effectiveness of AAC intervention with people who present with PNFA. Further, there is a pressing need for evidence about specific AAC intervention tools, techniques, and training protocols for persons with PNFA and their communication partners. We have engaged in research studies at the Oregon Health & Science University to quantify low-tech AAC supports for people with PNFA in highly controlled, as well as naturalistic, dyadic conversations. Preliminary results suggest that AAC provides strong lexical support for people with PNFA during conversation. We predict that training participants and their partners how to use personalized, low-tech communication boards will lead to reduced conversational scaffolding by partners and prolonged effective communication as the disease course progresses. Clinical implications and future directions of our research are discussed.
Primary Progressive Aphasia and Its Three Variants
Authors: Ogar Jennifer M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSpeech-language pathologists are increasingly treating patients with progressive disorders, including primary progressive aphasia (PPA). For many years, two variants of PPA were recognized: a nonfluent type—progressive nonfluent aphasia (PNFA)—and a fluent form—semantic dementia (SD). In 2004, a third variant—logopenic progressive aphasia (LPA)—was described. This article will review clinical symptoms, neuroimaging correlates, and the neuropathologies that are typically associated with PNFA, SD, and LPA. Case studies are included to further illustrate the characteristics of each of these three PPA variants.
A Critical Review of the Gas-Phase Reaction Kinetics of the Hydroxyl Radical
Authors: Wilson Wm. E. 
Published: April 2010

The literature pertinent to reactions of the hydroxyl radical has been reviewed. An extensive discussion is given for reactions of the hydroxyl radical with itself and with CO, H2, and CH4. These four reactions are: (1) OH+OH→H2O+O; (2) CO+OH→CO2+H; (3) H2+OH→H2O+H; (4) CH4+OH→CH3+H2O.
Values are recommended for k1 and k2 and for the ratio k3/k2 and k4/k2. These rate ratios are used with the previously established value of k2 to obtain recommended values for k3 and k4.
The recommended values in cm3 mol-1·s-1, the temperature range, and the uncertainty are: k1=1.55×1012, 300 K, log k±0.1, 05k2=3.1×1011 exp(−300/T), 300−2000 K, log k±.3k3/k2=73 exp(2300/T), 300−2000 K, log k3/k2±.3k3=3.8×1013 exp(−2600/T), 300−2000 K, log k±.3k4/k2=92 exp(2200/T), 300−2000 K, log k3/k2±.3k4=2.85×1013 exp(−2500/T), 300−2000 K, log k±.7. Rate expressions are also recommended for a number of other hydroxyl reactions whose rates are less well established.
Inhibitor-induced structural change in the HCV IRES domain IIa RNA
Authors: Paulsen Ryan B. , Seth Punit P. , Swayze Eric E. , Griffey Richard H. , Skalicky Jack J. , Cheatham Thomas E. , Davis Darrell R. 
Published: April 2010

Translation of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA is initiated from a highly structured internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) in the 5′ untranslated region (5′ UTR) of the RNA genome. An important structural feature of the native RNA is an approximately 90° helical bend localized to domain IIa that positions the apical loop of domain IIb of the IRES near the 40S ribosomal E-site to promote eIF2-GDP release, facilitating 80S ribosome assembly. We report here the NMR structure of a domain IIa construct in complex with a potent small-molecule inhibitor of HCV replication. Molecular dynamics refinement in explicit solvent and subsequent energetic analysis indicated that each inhibitor stereoisomer bound with comparable affinity and in an equivalent binding mode. The in silico analysis was substantiated by fluorescence-based assays showing that the relative binding free energies differed by only 0.7 kcal/mol. Binding of the inhibitor displaces key nucleotide residues within the bulge region, effecting a major conformational change that eliminates the bent RNA helical trajectory, providing a mechanism for the antiviral activity of this inhibitor class.
Concerted O atom–proton transfer in the O—O bond forming step in water oxidation
Authors: Chen Zuofeng , Concepcion Javier J. , Hu Xiangqian , Yang Weitao , Hoertz Paul G. , Meyer Thomas J. 
Published: April 2010

As the terminal step in photosystem II, and a potential half-reaction for artificial photosynthesis, water oxidation (2H2O → O2 + 4e- + 4H+) is key, but it imposes a significant mechanistic challenge with requirements for both 4e-/4H+loss and O—O bond formation. Significant progress in water oxidation catalysis has been achieved recently by use of single-site Ru metal complex catalysts such as [Ru(Mebimpy)(bpy)(OH2)]2+[Mebimpy = 2,6-bis(1-methylbenzimidazol-2-yl)pyridine; bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine]. When oxidized fromto RuV = O3+, these complexes undergo O—O bond formation by O-atom attack on a H2O molecule, which is often the rate-limiting step. Microscopic details of O—O bond formation have been explored by quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) simulations the results of which provide detailed insight into mechanism and a strategy for enhancing catalytic rates. It utilizes added bases as proton acceptors and concerted atom–proton transfer (APT) with O-atom transfer to the O atom of a water molecule in concert with proton transfer to the base (B). Base catalyzed APT reactivity in water oxidation is observed both in solution and on the surfaces of oxide electrodes derivatized by attached phosphonated metal complex catalysts. These results have important implications for catalytic, electrocatalytic, and photoelectrocatalytic water oxidation.
Boronic acid-based inhibitor of autotaxin reveals rapid turnover of LPA in the circulation
Authors: Albers Harald M. H. G. , Dong Anping , van Meeteren Laurens A. , Egan David A. , Sunkara Manjula , van Tilburg Erica W. , Schuurman Karianne , van Tellingen Olaf , Morris Andrew J. , Smyth Susan S. , Moolenaar Wouter H. , Ovaa Huib 
Published: April 2010

Autotaxin (ATX) is a secreted nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase that functions as a lysophospholipase D to produce the lipid mediator lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a mitogen, chemoattractant, and survival factor for many cell types. The ATX-LPA signaling axis has been implicated in angiogenesis, chronic inflammation, fibrotic diseases and tumor progression, making this system an attractive target for therapy. However, potent and selective nonlipid inhibitors of ATX are currently not available. By screening a chemical library, we have identified thiazolidinediones that selectively inhibit ATX-mediated LPA production both in vitro and in vivo. Inhibitor potency was approximately 100-fold increased (IC
50
∼ 30 nM) after the incorporation of a boronic acid moiety, designed to target the active-site threonine (T210) in ATX. Intravenous injection of this inhibitor into mice resulted in a surprisingly rapid decrease in plasma LPA levels, indicating that turnover of LPA in the circulation is much more dynamic than previously appreciated. Thus, boronic acid-based small molecules hold promise as candidate drugs to target ATX.
Effects of precompetition state anxiety interventions on performance time and accuracy among amateur soccer players: Revisiting the matching hypothesis
Authors: Abouzekri Omar A. , Karageorghis Costas I. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn this study, we tested the matching hypothesis, which contends that administration of a cognitive or somatic anxiety intervention should be matched to a participant's dominant anxiety response. Sixty‐one male soccer players (mean age 31.6 years, s=6.3) were assigned to one of four groups based on their responses to the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory‐2, which was modified to include a directional scale. Interventions were randomly administered in a counterbalanced order 10 min before each performance trial on a soccer skill test. The dominantly cognitive anxious group (n=17), the dominantly somatic anxious group (n=17), and the non‐anxious control intervention group (n=14) completed a baseline performance trial. The second and third trials were completed with random administration of brief cognitive and somatic interventions. The non‐anxious control group (n=13) completed three trials with no intervention. A mixed‐model, Group×Treatment multivariate analysis of variance indicated significant (P<0.05) changes in cognitive anxiety intensity and somatic anxiety intensity, but not in state anxiety direction (P>0.05), or performance time or accuracy (P>0.05). The present findings do not provide support for the matching hypothesis for state anxiety intensity and direction, or for performance.
Effects of a motivational climate intervention on state anxiety, self‐efficacy, and skill development in physical education
Authors: Barkoukis Vassilis , Koidou Eirini , Tsorbatzoudis Haralambos 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe objective of the present study was to test the effects of TARGET premises on state anxiety, self‐efficacy, and sport skill development. A total of 317 high school students with a mean age of 13.9 years (s=0.76) were assigned either to an intervention group or a control group. The triple jump and the Baryshnikov shot put techniques were taught to both groups in 10 teaching units. In the intervention group the teachers employed the TARGET structures, while in the control group the command style was used. Students completed pre‐ and post‐intervention measures of state anxiety and self‐efficacy just before execution of the two techniques. Motor skill development was evaluated by both absolute performance (in centimetres) and technical execution of the tasks. The results of repeated‐measures analyses of variance indicated that the intervention group reported higher triple jump self‐efficacy and better technical execution of the shot put than the control group. No intervention effects were observed for the anxiety responses. Our findings provide partial evidence for positive effects of a task‐involving motivational climate on sport skill development and performance‐related states.
Recovery following an Ironman triathlon: A case study
Authors: Nosaka Kazunori , Abbiss Chris R. , Watson Greig , Wall Bradley , Suzuki Katushiko , Laursen Paul 
Published: April 2010

AbstractCompletion of an Ironman triathlon results in muscle damage, indicated by reductions in muscle function and muscle soreness. However, the time course of recovery from this damage has received little attention. The purpose of this case study was to examine the time course of changes in blood markers of muscle damage and inflammation, muscle function, muscle soreness, and economy of motion following an Ironman event. An experienced well‐trained male triathlete aged 35 years completed the Western Australian Ironman triathlon in 11 h 38 min 41 s (winner's time: 8 h 3 min 56 s). Before and on several occasions in the 15 days after the event, the participant performed an incremental cycling test to exhaustion, running economy test at 12 km · h−1 (2% incline), maximal isometric knee flexion and extension at 90° knee flexion, and maximal squat and countermovement jumps. Venous blood samples and muscle soreness were also assessed. Maximal oxygen consumption, efficiency of motion, maximal muscle strength, and jump performance were all markedly reduced (4.5–54%) following the event, but returned to baseline within 15, 8, 2, and 8 days following the event, respectively. Muscle soreness and blood markers peaked 2–24 h after the race but returned to baseline within 8 days. In conclusion, although the Ironman triathlon induces marked muscle damage, a trained triathlete recovered almost completely within approximately one week, without the use of any therapeutic interventions after the event.