bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in coronary heart disease, stroke and cancer mortality rates between England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland: the role of diet and nutrition
Authors: Scarborough Peter , Morgan Robert David , Webster Premila , Rayner Mike 
Published: November 2011

IntroductionIt is unclear how much of the geographical variation in coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke and cancer mortality rates within the UK is associated with diet. The aim of this study is to estimate how many deaths from CHD, stroke and cancer would be delayed or averted if Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland adopted a diet equivalent in nutritional quality to the English diet.MethodsMortality data for CHD, stroke and 10 diet-related cancers for 2007–2009 were used to calculate the mortality gap (the difference between actual mortality and English mortality rates) for Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Estimates of mean national consumption of 10 dietary factors were used as baseline and counterfactual inputs in a macrosimulation model (DIETRON). An uncertainty analysis was conducted using a Monte Carlo simulation with 5000 iterations.ResultsThe mortality gap in the modelled scenario (achieving the English diet) was reduced by 81% (95% credible intervals: 62% to 108%) for Wales, 40% (33% to 51%) for Scotland and 81% (67% to 99%) for Northern Ireland, equating to approximately 3700 deaths delayed or averted annually. For CHD only, the mortality gap was reduced by 88% (69% to 118%) for Wales, 58% (47% to 72%) for Scotland, and 88% (70% to 111%) for Northern Ireland.ConclusionImproving the average diet in Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland to a level already achieved in England could have a substantial impact on reducing geographical variations in chronic disease mortality rates in the UK. Much of the mortality gap between Scotland and England is explained by non-dietary risk factors.
Condom use and partnership intimacy among drug injectors and their sexual partners in Estonia: Table 1
Authors: Uusküla Anneli , Abel-Ollo Katri , Markina Anna , McNutt Louise-Anne , Heimer Robert 
Published: November 2011

ObjectivesYoung age coupled with a high HIV prevalence among injection drug users (IDUs) and the prevalence of drug use in Eastern Europe can lead from an HIV epidemic concentrated among IDU to a self-sustained heterosexual HIV epidemic. Our objective was to explore the contexts of the prevention of sexual transmission of HIV among IDUs and their sexual partners and to provide insight into beliefs and behaviours related to condom use.MethodsThe authors undertook in-depth qualitative interviews to explore narratives about experience of preventing sexual transmission of HIV among 27 individuals (15 current IDUs and 12 main sexual partners of IDUs) in Kohtla-Järve, Estonia.ResultsThe safe-sex ‘norm’ was not common and factors that tended to reduce condom use included valuing the relationship above health risks, established gender roles, perceptions that condoms distributed via harm reduction programmes were of low quality and the stigma attached to HIV status disclosure. HIV risk management strategies among participants included consistent condom use and serosorting but were countered by a fatalism that encompassed consciously subjecting oneself to the inevitability of HIV infection in an HIV-discordant sexual partnership.ConclusionsQualitative methods can significantly contribute to the prevention of sexual transmission of HIV among and beyond IDUs by improving our understanding of risky behaviours and the reasons for such behaviours that can be incorporated into tailored public health interventions.
Stent Fracture, Valve Dysfunction, and Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Reintervention After Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Implantation
Authors: McElhinney Doff B. , Cheatham John P. , Jones Thomas K. , Lock James E. , Vincent Julie A. , Zahn Evan M. , Hellenbrand William E. 
Published: November 2011

Background—
Among patients undergoing transcatheter pulmonary valve (TPV) replacement with the Melody valve, risk factors for Melody stent fracture (MSF) and right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) reintervention have not been well defined.

Methods and Results—

From January 2007 to January 2010, 150 patients (median age, 19 years) underwent TPV implantation in the Melody valve Investigational Device Exemption trial. Existing conduit stents from a prior catheterization were present in 37 patients (25%, fractured in 12); 1 or more new prestents were placed at the TPV implant catheterization in 51 patients. During follow-up (median, 30 months), MSF was diagnosed in 39 patients. Freedom from a diagnosis of MSF was 77±4% at 14 months (after the 1-year evaluation window) and 60±9% at 39 months (3-year window). On multivariable analysis, implant within an existing stent, new prestent, or bioprosthetic valve (combined variable) was associated with longer freedom from MSF (
P
<0.001), whereas TPV compression (
P
=0.01) and apposition to the anterior chest wall (
P
=0.02) were associated with shorter freedom from MSF. Freedom from RVOT reintervention was 86±4% at 27 months. Among patients with a MSF, freedom from RVOT reintervention after MSF diagnosis was 49±10% at 2 years. Factors associated with reintervention were similar to those for MSF.

Conclusions—
MSF was common after TPV implant in this multicenter experience and was more likely in patients with severely obstructed RVOT conduits and when the TPV was directly behind the anterior chest wall and/or clearly compressed. A TPV implant site protected by a prestent or bioprosthetic valve was associated with lower risk of MSF and reintervention.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00740870.
The Effect of a Hill-Sachs Defect on Glenohumeral Translations, In Situ Capsular Forces, and Bony Contact Forces
Authors: Sekiya Jon K. , Jolly John , Debski Richard E. 
Published: November 2011

Background: Hill-Sachs defects have been associated with failed repairs for anterior shoulder instability. However, the biomechanical consequences of these defects are not well understood because of the complicated interaction between the passive soft tissue and bony stabilizers. Hypothesis: The creation of a 25% Hill-Sachs defect would not significantly alter the glenohumeral translations but would increase the in situ forces in the glenohumeral capsule as well as the glenohumeral bony contact forces. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A robotic/universal force-moment sensor (UFS) testing system was used to apply joint compression (22 N) and an anterior or posterior load (44 N) to cadaveric shoulders (n = 9) with the skin and deltoid removed (intact) at 3 glenohumeral joint positions (abduction/external rotation): 0°/0°, 30°/30°, and 60°/60° (corresponds to 90°/90° of shoulder abduction/external rotation). A 25% bony defect on the posterolateral humeral head (defect) was then created in the most common position of anterior shoulder dislocation (90°/90°), and the loading protocol was repeated. A nonparametric repeated-measures Friedman test with a Wilcoxon signed-rank post hoc test was performed to compare translations, in situ forces in the capsule, and bony contact forces between each state ( P < .05). Results:At 0°/0°, anterior translation significantly increased from 15.3 ± 8.2 mm to 16.6 ± 9.0 mm ( P < .05) in response to an anterior load. At 30°/30°, anterior and posterior translations, respectively, significantly increased in response to both anterior (intact: 13.6 ± 7.1 mm vs defect: 14.2 ± 7 mm; P < .05) and posterior loads (intact: 15.7 ± 5.8 mm vs defect: 17.7 ± 5.1 mm; P < .05). In situ force in the capsule during anterior loading was increased in the defect state at both 60°/60° (intact: 38.9 ± 14.4 N vs defect: 43.2 ± 15.9 N; P < .05) and 30°/30° (intact: 39.6 ± 13.8 N vs defect: 45.6 ± 9.3 N; P < .05). The medial bony contact forces were also increased in the defect state at 30°/30° (intact: 25.0 ± 13.8 N vs defect: 28.9 ± 13.2 N; P < .05) during anterior loading. Conclusion: We believe that the stabilizing function of the intact capsule was the primary contributor to the finding of only small increases of anterior translation, capsule forces, and bony contact forces observed with a 25% Hill-Sachs defect in response to an anterior load. Clinical Relevance: These findings imply that a 25% Hill-Sachs defect in isolation may not be responsible for recurrent instability if the function of the capsule is restored to the intact state and that the presence of the Hill-Sachs defect may be a marker for significant concomitant injury to the anterior glenoid rim. However, the small changes in these parameters may have long-term implications for the development of osteoarthritis.
Distinct graft-versus-leukemic stem cell effects of early or delayed donor leukocyte infusions in a mouse chronic myeloid leukemia model
Authors: Lu Yi-Fen , Gavrilescu L. Cristina , Betancur Monica , Lazarides Katherine , Klingemann Hans , Van Etten Richard A. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Among hematologic neoplasms, chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is exquisitely sensitive to graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) because patients relapsing after allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (alloHSCT) can be cured by donor leukocyte infusion (DLI); however, the cellular mechanisms and strategies to separate GVL from GVHD are unclear. We used a BCR-ABL1 transduction/transplantation mouse model to study the mechanisms of DLI in MHC-matched, minor histocompatibility antigen–mismatched allogeneic chimeras with CML-like leukemia, in which DLI can be administered at the time of transplantation (early) or after recovery of hematopoiesis (delayed). After early DLI, CML-like leukemia cannot be transferred into immunocompetent secondary recipients as soon as 4 days after primary transplantation, demonstrating that cotransplantation of T lymphocytes blocks the engraftment of BCR-ABL1–transduced stem cells. In contrast, in allogeneic chimeras with established CML-like leukemia, combined treatment with delayed DLI and the kinase inhibitor imatinib eradicates leukemia with minimal GVHD. The GVL effect is directed against minor histocompatibility antigens shared by normal and leukemic stem cells, and is mediated predominantly by CD8+ T cells, with minor contributions from CD5− splenocytes, including natural killer cells. These results define a physiologic model of adoptive immunotherapy of CML that will be useful for investigating the cellular and molecular mechanisms of GVL.
Lacan Avec Greimas
Authors: Wegner Phillip E. 
Published: November 2011

I reflect upon the value of Jacques Lacan's 1969–70 Seminar XVII, The Other Side of Psychoanalysis, for thinking about the challenges we face as scholars and teachers working in the contemporary university. As with Lacan's title for this seminar, my title has a range of meanings: I am interested in the way in which “cultural studies” has come to be demonized as the other side of a proper scholarship that fantasizes about a return to respectable normative disciplinarity and in the way in which what Lacan theorizes and performs in this seminar—the work of what he calls analysis—offers an exemplary case of an other side to the study of culture that is the verso of both proper disciplined intellectual labors and the imaginary Other of cultural studies.Lacan was long interested in the productive possibilities of mathematical formalizations. I argue that it is precisely in such formalizations that the heuristic force of what we call theory lies: these formalizations are what “force,” in Alain Badiou's sense, new knowledges, something I will show in what follows by both outlining some of Lacan's formalizations and offering a few of my own. Furthermore, in the second half of this essay, I suggest that we might in turn use another formalization, that of A. J. Greimas's semiotic rectangle, to understand a movement that occurs in Lacan's work from the three that dominated his earlier “structuralist” thinking—prominently on display in his early 1950s “Seminar on ‘The Purloined Letter’”—to the four of his late work. Reading Lacan with Greimas helps us understand better both what is imagined and what is really at stake in current debates over theory and scholarship in the humanities.
A Model of Casino Gambling
Authors: Barberis Nicholas 
Published: November 2011

We show that prospect theory offers a rich theory of casino gambling, one that captures several features of actual gambling behavior. First, we demonstrate that for a wide range of preference parameter values, a prospect theory agent would be willing to gamble in a casino even if the casino offers only bets with no skewness and with zero or negative expected value. Second, we show that the probability weighting embedded in prospect theory leads to a plausible time inconsistency: at the moment he enters a casino, the agent plans to follow one particular gambling strategy; but after he starts playing, he wants to switch to a different strategy. The model therefore predicts heterogeneity in gambling behavior: how a gambler behaves depends on whether he is aware of the time inconsistency; and, if he is aware of it, on whether he can commit in advance to his initial plan of action. This paper was accepted by Brad Barber, Teck Ho, and Terrance Odean, special issue editors.
Uniqueness theorems from partial information of the potential on a graph
Authors: Yang Chuan-Fu , Yang Xiao-Ping 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
In this work, an inverse spectral problem is studied for the Sturm–Liouville differential operator on a d-star graph. Using a new type of spectral data, involving a fraction of the eigenvalues and knowledge of potential over a corresponding fraction of the interval, we prove that the partial information both in the spectrum and the potential determines the potential completely. This extends the results of the previous work of the first author (J. Math. Anal. Appl. 365, 2010, 742–749). The proofs in this work rely on the properties of analytic functions, and so differ from those in the mentioned article.
Ambiguity Aversion and Portfolio Choice in Small-Scale Peruvian Farming
Authors: Engle Warnick James C. , Escobal Javier , Laszlo Sonia C. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
While the effect of risk aversion on farmers' decision-making has long been documented, far less is known about the effect of ambiguity aversion. We argue that ambiguity aversion is just as relevant to their decision-making process because they are uncertain about the yield distributions generated by new technologies. By experimentally measuring risk and ambiguity aversion in rural Peru, we provide new evidence on the role of ambiguity aversion on farm decisions in developing countries: ambiguity aversion, not risk aversion, reduces the likelihood that farmers plant more than one variety of their main crop.
Multiaxis interferometric displacement measurement for local probe microscopy
Authors: Lazar Josef , Hrabina Jan , Šerý Mojmír , Klapetek Petr , Číp Ondřej 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
We present an overview of design approaches for nanometrology measuring setups with a focus on interferometry techniques and associated problems. The design and development of a positioning system with interferometric multiaxis monitoring and control is presented. The system is intended to operate as a national nanometrology standard combining local probe microscopy techniques and sample position control with traceability to the primary standard of length.
Offshoring in Business Services Sector Over the Business Cycle: A Case of Growth of the International Cooperation
Authors: Chilimoniuk-Przeździecka Eliza 
Published: November 2011

Offshoring in Business Services Sector Over the Business Cycle: A Case of Growth of the International Cooperation
In this paper I analyze the role of business service offshoring in international cooperation over the recession. In business services - as described in Schumpeterian literature - external restructuring including resource and production relocation is more intensive during recession periods while intensive internal restructuring accompanies expansion periods. As external restructuring encompass business processes fragmentation and offshoring of services, I also argue - taking into account historical evidence - that current economic crisis would result in growing service offshoring in business service sector. I expect that many financial institutions would relocate part of their business processes abroad, where operating costs are lower, as they find that external restructuring via offshoring is the way to survive. This, in turn, will be the most possible result in growth of service offshoring projects located in CEE and Asia, as these two locations were the most attractive ones in recent years for service offshoring. The process is reflected by growth of FDI outflows from developed economies to CEE and Asia as well as growth of business and IT services trade between the mentioned economies. However, I also expect that in short run (one year perspective) we will experience tremendous decrease of FDI flows including investment in service offshoring, nevertheless the share of FDI flows related to service offshoring in total FDI flows will increase.
Torture and the Replication of Religious Iconography at the Abu Ghraib Prison: A Visual Semiotic Experiment
Authors: Paul John 
Published: November 2011

Abstract: Mixing self-selected images of abuse from the Abu Ghraib prison scandal with religious imagery, this paper gives a commentary on the offences committed there. The author notes that this paper is not intended to be an in-depth historical or sociological treatise explaining the abuse at Abu Ghraib. Rather, this paper is a visual semiotic experiment crafted primarily to combat a moral blindness that allows individuals to ignore, or even to justify, such degradation and brutality. By appropriating and re-mixing these images, this work seeks to transform them into messages that call out and question religious, cultural, and political justifications for the use of torture.
Islam on the Internet: The Jinn and the Objectification of Islam
Authors: Rothenberg Celia E. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract: This paper is an ontological investigation of discourses about the jinn, or spirits, on an Internet information portal site and a chat room. These Web discourses relate to what some anthropologists have termed the Great and Little Traditions of Islam, but with greater disparity than could ever be identified in “real world,” Muslim-majority settings. Great and Little Web jinn discourses may best be understood as existing in dialectical tension with the ongoing process of the “objectification” of Islam in diaspora Islamic communities. Considered against ethnographic research on the jinn specifically and Islam more broadly, jinn stories on the Internet both reflect and may shape Islamic religious practice today.
Dialogue entre objectivation et subjectivation dans la clinique de la folie
Authors: Bonnet Marc 
Published: November 2011

Résumé L’auteur expose tout d’abord une Nouvelle clinique qui ouvre sur la définition comparée et dialogique des concepts d’objectivation et de subjectivation. Les traces de leur dialogue sont repérées dans le courant d’analyse institutionnelle en psychiatrie. Un autre angle de vue concerne les rapports entre société et folie. Deux thèses différentes sont alors retenues : celle de l’enfermement du fou et celle de sa prise en considération. Dans le propos final, les conséquences de la crise actuelle des processus de subjectivation sont esquissées. Il ressort de cet ensemble l’impérieuse nécessité de faire vivre des espaces de paroles tant duels que collectifs permettant de définir des points de repères de la tiercéité.
Prendre soin de ceux qui ne demandent plus rien
Authors: Przewlocka-Alves Anna , Boussard-Lalauze Marie-Françoise 
Published: November 2011

Résumé Création et interventions des équipes mobiles psychiatrie-précarité ( empp ) ont rencontré un vif succès auprès du secteur social et pas mal de réticences de la part de la psychiatrie. La mise en place d’une nouvelle équipe provoque des modifications dans la manière de prendre en charge des personnes précaires et exclues, et leur donne une légitimité d’exister comme un groupe à part entière. En même temps, la réflexion éthique nous amène à nous demander s’il est judicieux de créer des dispositifs dédiés aux publics aussi marqués par le fonctionnement hors des liens, ce qui peut rendre la stigmatisation encore plus importante et risque d’accentuer la difficulté d’accès aux soins autonomes du sujet. Cette réflexion a été menée autour de la spécificité de l’approche consistant à « aller vers » ces personnes qui ne demandent plus rien, car leur vie est construite dans un équilibre instable.
Quel droit de la concurrence pour l'Afrique francophone subsaharienne ?
Authors: Boy Laurence 
Published: November 2011

Depuis une vingtaine années, le droit de la concurrence des pays en développement, spécialement d’Afrique subsaharienne, suscite un intérêt croissant chez les universitaires. De nombreuses réformes ont été adoptées pour promouvoir l’efficience économique et attirer les investisseurs étrangers. Dans ce contexte, l’intégration économique est apparue comme l’un des outils du développement. Les travaux présentés dans ce cahier s’attachent à vérifier, à partir des exemples européen et africains (UEMOA, CEDEAO, OHADA), le lien entre intégration et développement économique, et à rechercher le niveau pertinent pour appréhender les pratiques anticoncurrentielles. Le droit de la concurrence (contrôle des ententes et des abus de position dominante) est apparu comme un instrument non seulement de lutte contre les atteintes à l’efficience mais comme une entrave au développement des petites et moyennes entreprises, tout particulièrement en Afrique où l’économie informelle est importante. C’est la raison pour laquelle ces dernières années, aux préoccupations traditionnelles du droit de la concurrence, s’est ajouté le souci de promouvoir le « petit commerce », et se développe à cette fin ce qu’il est convenu d’appeler « petit droit de la concurrence » ou pratiques individuelles. Les contributeurs de ce « Cahier à thème » se sont montrés préoccupés par la recherche du niveau efficace des politiques de la concurrence. Convient-il de favoriser un droit régional de la concurrence oufaut-il préserver, au nom du principe de subsidiarité, des compétences nationales ? Faut-il contenir la compétence des droits régionaux aux pratiques ayant des effets supranationaux ou laisser s’épanouir les droits nationaux plus à même peut-être d’appréhender des pratiques aux effets plus limités mais néanmoins néfastes ? Sur toutes ces questions où sont présentés avec clarté le droit de l’UEMOA et celui de la CEDEAO, et où est « questionné » le droit de l’OHADA, le modèle de l’UE ne pouvait être passé sous silence. Les enseignements que l’on tire de ces lectures (M. Bakhoum, J. Drexl, M. Ngom) nous semblent, en tout cas, dépasser le cadre de la seule Afrique francophone subsaharienne.