bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The costs of keeping cool in a warming world: implications of high temperatures for foraging, thermoregulation and body condition of an arid‐zone bird
Authors: du Plessis Katherine L. , Martin Rowan O. , Hockey Philip A. R. , Cunningham Susan J. , Ridley Amanda R. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractRecent mass mortalities of bats, birds and even humans highlight the substantial threats that rising global temperatures pose for endotherms. Although less dramatic, sublethal fitness costs of high temperatures may be considerable and result in changing population demographics. Endothermic animals exposed to high environmental temperatures can adjust their behaviour (e.g. reducing activity) or physiology (e.g. elevating rates of evaporative water loss) to maintain body temperatures within tolerable limits. The fitness consequences of these adjustments, in terms of the ability to balance water and energy budgets and therefore maintain body condition, are poorly known. We investigated the effects of daily maximum temperature on foraging and thermoregulatory behaviour as well as maintenance of body condition in a wild, habituated population of Southern Pied Babblers Turdoides bicolor. These birds inhabit a hot, arid area of southern Africa where they commonly experience environmental temperatures exceeding optimal body temperatures. Repeated measurements of individual behaviour and body mass were taken across days varying in maximum air temperature. Contrary to expectations, foraging effort was unaffected by daily maximum temperature. Foraging efficiency, however, was lower on hotter days and this was reflected in a drop in body mass on hotter days. When maximum air temperatures exceeded 35.5 °C, individuals no longer gained sufficient weight to counter typical overnight weight loss. This reduction in foraging efficiency is likely driven, in part, by a trade‐off with the need to engage in heat‐dissipation behaviours. When we controlled for temperature, individuals that actively dissipated heat while continuing to forage experienced a dramatic decrease in their foraging efficiency. This study demonstrates the value of investigations of temperature‐dependent behaviour in the context of impacts on body condition, and suggests that increasingly high temperatures will have negative implications for the fitness of these arid‐zone birds.
Insulin growth factor receptor‐1 expression and loss of PTEN protein predict early recurrence in triple‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Iqbal Jabed , Thike Aye Aye , Cheok Poh Yian , Tse Gary Man‐Kit , Tan Puay Hoon 
Published: July 2012

Iqbal J, Thike A A, Cheok P Y, Tse G M‐K & Tan P H  (2012) Histopathology 61, 652–659Insulin growth factor receptor‐1 expression and loss of PTEN protein predict early recurrence in triple‐negative breast cancerAims:  Insulin‐like growth factor receptor‐1 (IGFR‐1) and its signalling axis promote tumorigenesis, metastasis, and resistance to existing forms of cancer therapy, and have become a major focus for the development of anticancer drugs. As oncological management options for triple‐negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are limited, there is potential for the rapid development of novel selective anticancer agents specifically targeting components of the PTEN–phosphoinositide 3‐kinase–AKT pathway, including the phosphorylated form of AKT (pAKT) and the tumour suppressor molecule PTEN. The aim of this study was to conduct immunohistochemical analyses to examine the levels of PTEN, IGFR‐1 and pAKT expression in TNBCs, and determine whether these levels correlated with poor prognosis in this subset of aggressive breast cancers.Methods and results:  Immunohistochemistry was performed on paraffin‐embedded tumour tissues from a consecutive cohort of 144 female patients diagnosed with TNBC. Associations of IGFR‐1, PTEN and pAKT expression with clinicopathological parameters, disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated. There were significant increases in IGFR‐1 expression (99%) and pAKT expression (92%) with concomitant loss of PTEN expression in the majority of cases (63%). Increased IGFR‐1 expression and loss of PTEN expression were associated with reduced OS and DFS, respectively. pAKT expression showed a strong correlation with basal‐like expression. Combinatorial immunophenotypic analyses showed that loss of PTEN expression with concomitant IGFR‐1 expression correlated with poor DFS.Conclusions:  A high percentage of PTEN loss with overexpression of IGFR‐1 and pAKT in TNBC indicates the potential of these molecules for predicting early recurrence and/or as targets in the formulation of effective alternative therapy regimens.
Cyclic fatigue resistance of two reciprocating nickel–titanium instruments after immersion in sodium hypochlorite
Authors: Pedullà E. , Grande N. M. , Plotino G. , Palermo F. , Gambarini G. , Rapisarda E. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAimTo assess resistance to cyclic fatigue of reciprocating nickel–titanium (
NiTi
) files (Reciproc and WaveOne) after immersion in
NaOCl
solution over several time periods.MethodologyA total of 90 new Reciproc R25 and WaveOne Primary were tested. The 45 files of the same brand were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 15) and submitted to the following immersion protocol in 5%
NaOCl
at 37 °C for 16 mm: no immersion (control), 1 or 5 min dynamically. The dynamic immersion and the following cyclic fatigue tests were performed using the appropriate preset reciprocation modes (‘RECIPROC ALL’ or ‘WAVEONE ALL’) in a specially designed endodontic motor. Resistance to cyclic fatigue was determined by recording time to fracture (TtF) in a stainless steel artificial canal with a 60° angle of curvature and 5 mm radius of curvature. The artificial canal was manufactured reproducing the instrument's size and taper. Data were analysed by 2‐way analyses of variance.ResultsResistance to cyclic fatigue of the same
NiTi
file was not significantly affected by immersion in
NaOCl
. Reciproc R25 was associated with a higher cyclic fatigue resistance in all groups compared to WaveOne Primary (P < 0.0001).ConclusionsReciprocating dynamic immersion in
NaOCl
for 1 or 5 min did not reduce the cyclic fatigue resistance of
NiTi
files significantly. However, the type of reciprocating instrument influenced cyclic fatigue resistance with Reciproc R25 being more resistant than WaveOne Primary.
Tertiary dentinogenesis with calcium hydroxide: A review of proposed mechanisms
Authors: Sangwan P. , Sangwan A. , Duhan J. , Rohilla A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractCalcium hydroxide has been used extensively in dentistry for a century. Despite its widespread use as a pulp‐capping agent, its mechanisms of action still remain ambiguous. Understanding its modes of action will lead to a broader understanding of the mechanisms associated with induced dentinogenesis and help in optimizing the currently available agents to target specific regenerative processes to obtain the best possible clinical outcomes. A literature search relating to mechanisms of dentinogenesis of calcium hydroxide up to December 2011 was carried out using pubmed and MEDLINE database searches as well as manual searching of cross‐references from identified studies. Resulting suggestions regarding dentinogenic mechanisms of calcium hydroxide range from direct irritating action of the material to induction of release of biologically active molecules. The purpose of this article is to discuss various mechanisms through which calcium hydroxide may induce tertiary dentinogenesis in the light of observations made in included studies.
Genome‐wide patterns of standing genetic variation in a marine population of three‐spined sticklebacks
Authors: FEULNER PHILINE G. D. , CHAIN FRÉDÉRIC J. J. , PANCHAL MAHESH , EIZAGUIRRE CHRISTOPHE , KALBE MARTIN , LENZ TOBIAS L. , MUNDRY MARVIN , SAMONTE IRENE E. , STOLL MONIKA , MILINSKI MANFRED , REUSCH THORSTEN B. H. , BORNBERG‐BAUER ERICH 
Published: July 2012

AbstractSince the end of the Pleistocene, the three‐spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) has repeatedly colonized and adapted to various freshwater habitats probably originating from ancestral marine populations. Standing genetic variation and the underlying genomic architecture both have been speculated to contribute to recent adaptive radiations of sticklebacks. Here, we expand on the current genomic resources of this fish by providing extensive genome‐wide variation data from six individuals from a marine (North Sea) stickleback population. Using next‐generation sequencing and a combination of paired‐end and mate‐pair libraries, we detected a wide size range of genetic variation. Among the six individuals, we found more than 7% of the genome is polymorphic, consisting of 2 599 111 SNPs, 233 464 indels and structural variation (SV) (>50 bp) such as 1054 copy‐number variable regions (deletions and duplications) and 48 inversions. Many of these polymorphisms affect gene and coding sequences. Based on SNP diversity, we determined outlier regions concordant with signatures expected under adaptive evolution. As some of these outliers overlap with pronounced regions of copy‐number variation, we propose the consideration of such SV when analysing SNP data from re‐sequencing approaches. We further discuss the value of this resource on genome‐wide variation for further investigation upon the relative contribution of standing variation on the parallel evolution of sticklebacks and the importance of the genomic architecture in adaptive radiation.
Environmental stress increases selection against and dominance of deleterious mutations in inbred families of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas
Authors: PLOUGH LOUIS V. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe deleterious effects of inbreeding are well documented and of major concern in conservation biology. Stressful environments have generally been shown to increase inbreeding depression; however, little is known about the underlying genetic mechanisms of the inbreeding‐by‐stress interaction and to what extent the fitness of individual deleterious mutations is altered under stress. Using microsatellite marker segregation data and quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping methods, I performed a genome scan for deleterious mutations affecting viability (viability or vQTL) in two inbred families of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, reared in a stressful, nutrient‐poor diet and a favourable, nutrient‐rich diet, which had significant effects on growth and survival. Twice as many vQTL were detected in the stressful diet compared with the favourable diet, resulting primarily from substantially greater mortality of homozygous genotypes. At vQTL, estimates of selection (s) and dominance (h) were greater in the stressful environment ( = 0.86 vs. 0.54 and  = 0.35 vs. 0.18, in stressful and nonstressful diets, respectively). There was no evidence of interaction between vQTL. Individual vQTL differed across diets in selection only, or in both selection and dominance, and some vQTL were not affected by diet. These results suggest that stress‐associated increases in selection against individual deleterious alleles underlie greater inbreeding depression with stress. Furthermore, the finding that inbreeding‐by‐environment interaction appears, to some extent, to be locus specific, helps to explain previous observations of lineage‐specific expression of inbreeding depression and environment‐specific purging, which have important implications for conservation and evolutionary biology.
The β3‐integrin ligand of Borrelia burgdorferi is critical for infection of mice but not ticks
Authors: Ristow Laura C. , Miller Halli E. , Padmore Lavinia J. , Chettri Rekha , Salzman Nita , Caimano Melissa J. , Rosa Patricia A. , Coburn Jenifer 
Published: July 2012

SummaryP66 is a Borrelia burgdorferi surface protein with β3 integrin binding and channel forming activities. In this study, the role of P66 in mammalian and tick infection was examined. B. burgdorferiΔp66 strains were not infectious in wild‐type, TLR2−/−‐ or MyD88−/−‐deficient mice. Strains with p66 restored to the chromosome restored near wild‐type infectivity, while complementation with p66 on a shuttle vector did not restore infectivity. Δp66 mutants are cleared quickly from the site of inoculation, but analyses of cytokine expression and cellular infiltrates at the site of inoculation did not reveal a specific mechanism of clearance. The defect in these mutants cannot be attributed to nutrient limitation or an inability to adapt to the host environment in vivo as Δp66 bacteria were able to survive as well as wild type in dialysis membrane chambers in the rat peritoneum. Δp66 bacteria were able to survive in ticks through the larva to nymph moult, but were non‐infectious in mice when delivered by tick bite. Independent lines of evidence do not support any increased susceptibility of the Δp66 strains to factors in mammalian blood. This study is the first to define a B. burgdorferi adhesin as essential for mammalian, but not tick infection.
Coexistence of fault‐propagation and fault‐bend folding in curve‐shaped foreland fold‐and‐thrust belts: examples from the Northern Apennines (Italy)
Authors: Calamita Fernando , Pace Paolo , Satolli Sara 
Published: July 2012

Terra Nova, 24, 396–406, 2012AbstractFault‐bend and fault‐propagation folds have unique profiles in foreland fold‐and‐thrust belts that are caused by different fault‐related folding models and controlled by the mechanical characteristic of the multilayer and/or by reactivation of normal faults in a positive inversion tectonics context. In this work, NNE–SSW‐ and NW–SE‐trending anticlines, related to the Neogene curve‐shaped Olevano‐Antrodoco‐Sibillini thrust (Northern Apennines, Italy), are investigated to reconstruct fault‐related folding mechanisms. Geological and structural analysis allows us to interpret the NNE–SSW‐trending anticlines as fault‐bend reactivation folds and the NW–SE‐trending anticlines as fault‐propagation shortcut anticlines. The coexistence of fault‐bend and fault‐propagation folding processes involving the same multi‐layered succession in different arms of a curve‐shaped thrust is explained in an inversion tectonics context. This along‐strike variation of different folding mechanisms might be recognised in similar curve‐shaped orogenic thrust‐belts controlled by structural inheritance.
The DNA‐ and RNA‐binding protein FACTOR of DNA METHYLATION 1 requires XH domain‐mediated complex formation for its function in RNA‐directed DNA methylation
Authors: Xie Meng , Ren Guodong , Zhang Chi , Yu Bin 
Published: July 2012

SummaryStudies have identified a sub‐group of SGS3‐LIKE proteins including FDM1–5 and IDN2 as key components of RNA‐directed DNA methylation pathway (RdDM). Although FDM1 and IDN2 bind RNAs with 5′ overhangs, their functions in the RdDM pathway remain to be examined. Here we show that FDM1 interacts with itself and with IDN2. Gel filtration suggests that FDM1 may exist as a homodimer in a heterotetramer complex in vivo. The XH domain of FDM1 mediates the FDM1–FDM1 and FDM1–IDN2 interactions. Deletion of the XH domain disrupts FDM1 complex formation and results in loss‐of‐function of FDM1. These results demonstrate that XH domain‐mediated complex formation of FDM1 is required for its function in RdDM. In addition, FDM1 binds unmethylated but not methylated DNAs through its coiled‐coil domain. RNAs with 5′ overhangs does not compete with DNA for binding by FDM1, indicating that FDM1 may bind DNA and RNA simultaneously. These results provide insight into how FDM1 functions in RdDM.
Impacts of climate change and land‐use on the potential distribution of an invasive weed: a case study of Lantana camara in Australia
Authors: TAYLOR S , KUMAR L , REID N 
Published: July 2012

Taylor S, Kumar L & Reid N (2012). Impacts of climate change and land‐use on the potential distribution of an invasive weed: a case study of Lantana camara in Australia. Weed Research.52, 391–401.SummaryLantana camara (lantana) is an extremely invasive species in many countries, including Australia. Biosecurity agencies will benefit from prior knowledge of the potential distribution of L. camara, under current and future climate scenarios. A process‐based niche model for this species was developed using the CLIMEX modelling package. The potential distribution generated from this model was refined by incorporating existing land‐use data in a Geographical Information System (GIS). The potential distribution of L. camara under current climate indicated that L. camara occupies almost the full extent of climatically suitable habitat available to it in Australia. Under future climate scenarios, L. camara range expands into new areas in Victoria, South Australia and Tasmania, while the northern parts of the continent become climatically unsuitable. This trend continued with the inclusion of land‐use data, although with a more restricted distri‐bution, as locations with suitable climate but unsuitable land‐use were excluded. Weed control authorities in the new areas at risk of invasion under climate change need to be alerted to this emerging threat, so that effective response measures can be taken.
Differences in timing of migration and response to sexual signalling drive asymmetric hybridization across a migratory divide
Authors: Ruegg K. , Anderson E. C. , Slabbekoorn H. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractEcological traits and sexual signals may both contribute to the process of ecological speciation. Here we investigate the roles of an ecological trait, seasonal migratory behaviour and a sexual trait, song, in restricting or directing gene flow across a migratory divide in the Swainson’s thrush (Catharus ustulatus). We show that short‐distance migratory ecotypes wintering in Central America arrive earlier at the breeding grounds than long‐distance migratory ecotypes wintering primarily in South America, providing the potential for some premating isolation. Playback experiments suggest that early‐ and late‐arriving forms recognize each other as competitors, but that the early‐arriving form responds more aggressively to a broader spectrum of stimuli. Genetic analysis suggests that hybridization occurs more often between males of the early‐arriving ecotype and females of the late‐arriving ecotype. Together our results suggest that differences in arrival times may reduce the temporal coincidence of mate choice, but asymmetry in response to heterotypic song may hinder complete divergence. These data provide further insight into the roles of ecological traits and sexual signals during the incipient stages of speciation.
Disruption of cellulose synthesis by 2,6‐dichlorobenzonitrile affects the structure of the cytoskeleton and cell wall construction in Arabidopsis
Authors: Peng L. , Zhang L. , Cheng X. , Fan L.‐S. , Hao H.‐Q. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractCellulose is the major component of plant cell walls and is an important source of industrial raw material. Although cellulose biosynthesis is one of the most important biochemical processes in plant biology, the regulatory mechanisms of cellulose synthesis are still unclear. Here, we report that 2,6‐dichlorobenzonitrile (DCB), an inhibitor of cellulose synthesis, inhibits Arabidopsis root development in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. When treated with DCB, the plant cell wall showed altered cellulose distribution and intensity, as shown by calcofluor white and S4B staining. Moreover, pectin deposition was reduced in the presence of DCB when immunostained with the monoclonal antibody JIM5, which was raised against pectin epitopes. This result was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. Confocal microscopy revealed that the organisation of the microtubule cytoskeleton was significantly disrupted in the presence of low concentrations of DCB, whereas the actin cytoskeleton only showed changes with the application of high DCB concentrations. In addition, the subcellular dynamics of Golgi bodies labelled with N‐ST‐YFP and TGN labelled with VHA‐a1‐GFP were both partially blocked by DCB. Transmission electron microscopy indicated that the cell wall structure was affected by DCB, as were the Golgi bodies. Scanning electron microscopy showed changes in the organisation of cellulose microfibrils. These results suggest that the inhibition of cellulose synthesis by DCB not only induced changes in the chemical composition of the root cell wall and cytoskeleton structure, but also changed the distribution of cellulose microfibrils, implying that cellulose plays an important role in root development in Arabidopsis.
Chorusing Behaviour in the Lusitanian Toadfish: Should I Match My Neighbours' Calling Rate?
Authors: Jordão Joana M. , Fonseca Paulo J. , Amorim Maria Clara P. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractChoruses have been described mostly in birds, anurans and insects but have been poorly studied in fish. Research in batrachoidid (toadfishes) species suggest vocal facilitation among neighbouring males, but whether chorusing fish present more complex interactions is unknown. In this study, we test the hypothesis that chorusing fish males compete actively to increase attractiveness to females. We first describe vocal interactions in natural choruses of Lusitanian toadfish males. Our analysis found positive correlations between the calling rates of neighbouring males in several occasions. However, we also found that males that showed an overall low vocal activity throughout the observation period exhibited peaks of increased calling activity when neighbours decreased their calling rate, suggesting an opportunistic maximisation of attractiveness. We further test with playback experiments how toadfish males adjust calling activity relative to their neighbours'. We observed that males silent at the time of the playbacks but who had an overall high vocal performance tended to start calling when exposed to playbacks in contrast to low‐activity males. Playback experiments further showed that males initially calling at a high rate adjust their calling rate according to the neighbour's vocal activity level, that is, they increased calling rate when exposed to a high calling rate and decreased it when confronted with a low calling rate. However, males calling at a low rate did not significantly alter their calling rate when presented with a low (similar) or higher calling rate, probably due to temporary physiological and/or ecological constraints. We argue that Lusitanian toadfish males tend to optimise calling effort in relation to their neighbours when they are actively advertising. Further studies are necessary to better understand vocal behaviour with increased chorus size.
Allergic contact dermatitis to methacrylates in ECG electrode dots
Authors: Lyons Georgina , Nixon Rosemary 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAcrylates are used widely in acrylic nails, dental restorative materials, paint, varnish, printing ink, adhesives, glue, orthopaedic prostheses, bone cement and diathermy pads. This is the first case of allergic contact dermatitis to methacrylates in electrocardiogram electrode dots reported in the literature.
Multiple eruptive squamous cell carcinoma in a patient with chronic plaque psoriasis on adalimumab
Authors: Simpkin Susan , Oakley Amanda 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA 67‐year‐old man with chronic plaque psoriasis previously treated with psoralen plus PUVA, ciclosporin, methotrexate and acitretin developed eruptive squamous cell carcinoma after seven doses of adalimumab. We review the association of squamous cell carcinoma with immunosuppressive agents used for the treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis. Initiation of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α inhibitors in a patient at high risk of non‐melanoma skin cancer may warrant chemoprophylaxis with acitretin.