bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Popular Sites of Prayer, Transoceanic Migration, and Cultural Diversity: Exploring the significance ofkeramatin Southeast Asia
Authors: MANDAL SUMIT K. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractKeramatis the Malay word for the graves of notable figures which are popular sites of prayer and dot the social and physical landscapes of much of Muslim Southeast Asia and the Indian Ocean region as a whole. The term refers to both people as well as their burial sites. Historically,keramatdrew people of different ethnic and religious backgrounds. While the venerated dead also came from a variety of ethnic backgrounds, histories, and faiths, they were usually Muslim and frequently Hadrami (from the Hadramaut region in Yemen). In this paper, I viewkeramatas a significant site of social and cultural diversity. The study ofkeramat, and the transoceanic movement of the people and faith to which it is linked, may shed further light on the cultural interaction that has historically characterized the region. At the same time, the permissibility of the veneration of graves constitutes a terrain that has long been contested by Muslim scholars. As a result, the fate of this popular practice may offer insights into the complex process of Islamization in the region which began around 700 years ago. I explore two questions in particular. First, in what ways dokeramatembody cultural diversity? Secondly, where dokeramatstand in relation to state- and organization-driven Islam?
Pregnancy outcomes of women with and without a history of anorexia nervosa
Authors: Eagles J. M. , Lee A. J. , Raja E. Amalraj , Millar H. R. , Bhattacharya S. 
Published: March 2012

BackgroundWhen women have a history of anorexia nervosa (AN), the advice given about becoming pregnant, and about the management of pregnancies, has usually been cautious. This study compared the pregnancy outcomes of women with and without a history of AN.MethodWomen with a confirmed diagnosis of AN who had presented to psychiatric services in North East Scotland from 1965 to 2007 were identified. Those women with a pregnancy recorded in the Aberdeen Maternal and Neonatal Databank (AMND) were each matched by age, parity and year of delivery of their first baby with five women with no history of AN. Maternal and foetal outcomes were compared between these two groups of women. Comparisons were also made between the mothers with a history of AN and all other women in the AMND.ResultsA total of 134 women with a history of AN delivered 230 babies and the 670 matched women delivered 1144 babies. Mothers with AN delivered lighter babies but this difference did not persist after adjusting for maternal body mass index (BMI) in early pregnancy. Standardized birthweight (SBW) scores suggested that the AN mothers were more likely to produce babies with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) [relative risk (RR) 1.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11–2.13]. AN mothers were more likely to experience antepartum haemorrhage (RR 1.70, 95% CI 1.09–2.65).ConclusionsMothers with a history of AN are at increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. The magnitude of these risks is relatively small and should be appraised holistically by psychiatric and obstetric services.
Treatment effects on insular and anterior cingulate cortex activation during classic and emotional Stroop interference in child abuse-related complex post-traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Thomaes K. , Dorrepaal E. , Draijer N. , de Ruiter M. B. , Elzinga B. M. , van Balkom A. J. , Smit J. H. , Veltman D. J. 
Published: March 2012

BackgroundFunctional neuroimaging studies have shown increased Stroop interference coupled with altered anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and insula activation in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These brain areas are associated with error detection and emotional arousal. There is some evidence that treatment can normalize these activation patterns.MethodAt baseline, we compared classic and emotional Stroop performance and blood oxygenation level-dependent responses (functional magnetic resonance imaging) of 29 child abuse-related complex PTSD patients with 22 non-trauma-exposed healthy controls. In 16 of these patients, we studied treatment effects of psycho-educational and cognitive behavioural stabilizing group treatment (experimental treatment; EXP) added to treatment as usual (TAU)versusTAU only, and correlations with clinical improvement.ResultsAt baseline, complex PTSD patients showed a trend for increased left anterior insula and dorsal ACC activation in the classic Stroop task. Only EXP patients showed decreased dorsal ACC and left anterior insula activation after treatment. In the emotional Stroop contrasts, clinical improvement was associated with decreased dorsal ACC activation and decreased left anterior insula activation.ConclusionsWe found further evidence that successful treatment in child abuse-related complex PTSD is associated with functional changes in the ACC and insula, which may be due to improved selective attention and lower emotional arousal, indicating greater cognitive control over PTSD symptoms.
Framing entextualization in improv: Intertextuality as an interactional resource
Authors: Trester Anna Marie 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis study explores a type of language play among a community of improvisational theater (improv) performers, focusing on their strategic deployment of texts in interactions collected backstage while the troupe prepares for performance. Building on the work of Bauman & Briggs (1990), I adopt a process approach to the analysis of intertextuality, suggesting that community-specific ways of using entextualization, decontextualization, and recontextualization add to the work that has been done on intertextuality, given that it is not merely what texts are used but crucially how they are reshaped that can serve an important social function or the why of intertextuality—in this case explored in the context of member socialization. (Intertextuality, interactional sociolinguistics, ethnography of communication, improvisational theater, improv)*
Real‐time inversion of GPS data for finite fault modeling and rapid hazard assessment
Authors: Crowell Brendan W. , Bock Yehuda , Melgar Diego 
Published: March 2012

Responses to recent great earthquakes and ensuing tsunamis in Sumatra, Chile, and Japan, with the resulting loss of life and damage to infrastructure demonstrate that our ability to ascertain the full extent of slip of catastrophic earthquakes and their tsunamigenic potential in the first minutes after the initiation of rupture is problematic. Regional GPS networks such as those in western North America and Japan are complementary to seismic networks by being able to directly measure displacements close to the source during large earthquakes in real time. We report on rapid modeling of two large earthquakes, the 2003 Mw 8.3 Tokachi‐oki earthquake 100 km offshore Hokkaido Island using 356 GEONET stations and the 2010 Mw 7.2 El Mayor‐Cucapah earthquake in northern Baja California using 95 CRTN stations in southern California about 75 km northwest of the epicenter. Working in a simulated real‐time mode, we invert for finite fault slip in a homogeneous elastic half‐space using Green's functions obtained from Okada's formulation. We compare two approaches: the first starts with a catalog of pre‐defined faults, while the second uses a rapid centroid moment tensor solution to provide an initial estimate of the ruptured fault plane. In either case, we are able to characterize both earthquakes in less than two minutes, reducing the time necessary to obtain finite fault slip and moment magnitude for medium and greater earthquakes compared to traditional methods by an order of magnitude.
Management and provision of computational models
Authors: Laibe Camille 
Published: March 2012

AbstractQuantitative models of biological systems provide an understanding of chemical and biological phenomena based on their underlying mechanisms. Moreover, they can be used for example, to predict the behaviour of a system under given conditions or direct future experiments. This has made quantitative models the perfect tools to answer a variety of questions in the biological sciences and has lead to a steady growth of the number of published models.To maximise the benefits of this growing body of models, the field needs centralised model repositories that will encourage, facilitate and promote model dissemination and reuse. BioModels Database(http://www.ebi.ac.uk/biomodels/) has been developed to exactly fulfil those needs. In order to ensure the correctness of the models distributed, their structure and behaviour are thoroughly checked. To ease their understanding, the model elements are annotated with terms from controlled vocabularies as well as linked to relevant data resources. Finally, to allow their reuse, the models are provided encoded in community supported and standardised formats.However, the modelling field is constantly evolving and data providers, like BioModels Database, are faced with new challenges. For example, models are getting more and more complex (with for instance the availability of whole organism metabolic network reconstructions) and this has a direct impact on the performance of hosting infrastructures and annotation procedures. Also, models are now being developed collaboratively: this requires new methodologies and systems, akin to the ones used in software development (with for example versioned repositories of models). Moreover, very different kinds of models are being developed by diverse communities, but ultimately their data management needs are very similar.This talk will introduce the needs which lead to the development of BioModels Database, present the resource and its current infrastructure and finally discuss the challenges that we are facing today and the plans to overcome them.
Breeding to improve grain yield in water-limited environments: the CSIRO experience with wheat.
Authors: Richards R. A. , Rebetzke G. J. , Condon A. G. , Watt M. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

In this chapter, the traits of wheat (including xylem vessel diameter of seminal roots, tiller inhibition, early seedling vigour, gibberellic acid-responsive dwarfing genes, extended vegetative growth, root growth and architecture, waxiness/glaucousness, transpiration efficiency, stem carbohydrate storage and remobilization and leaf-rolling) studied by CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation) are described, together with an outline of the environments where they are likely to be most effective, ways to select for them, results of validation, proof-of-concept tests and whether they are currently incorporated in breeding programmes. These traits are shown in a table, together with the components of the Passioura identity (Water use × Water-use efficiency × Harvest index) that are likely to be increased so that grain yield may be increased.
Molecular breeding for a changing climate: bridging ecophysiology and molecular biology.
Authors: Tuberosa R. , Maccaferri M. , Colalongo C. , Salvi S. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Th is chapter surveys how genomics approaches have helped to elucidate the genetic basis of crop performance under abiotic constraints, such as drought, salinity, soil toxicity and low nutrients. Additionally, the review shows how this information has been used in breeding programmes to improve crop performance and how it might help agriculture better to withstand the negative effects of climate change. Future perspectives are given.
Crop management to cope with global change: a systems perspective aided by information technologies.
Authors: McMaster G. S. , Ascough J. C., II 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

This chapter provides a general overview on the diversity of information technologies and how these technologies have captured knowledge related to assessing crop-ecophysiological responses to global change. Emphasis is given on information technologies related to crop simulation models, decision support technology, integrated assessment technology, and some critical information databases. The adoption and application of these technologies to explore opportunities and risks in crop management are discussed.
R‐SNARE ykt6 resides in membrane‐associated protease‐resistant protein particles and modulates cell cycle progression when over‐expressed
Authors: Thayanidhi Nandhakumar , Liang Yingjian , Hasegawa Haruki , Nycz Deborah C. , Oorschot Viola , Klumperman Judith , Hay Jesse C. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackground informationThe arginine‐type soluble N‐ethylmaleimide‐sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (R‐SNARE) ykt6 possesses several atypical properties including selective high expression in neurons, a lipidated C‐terminus, localization to punctae that do not correspond with known endomembrane markers, a potent ability to protect the secretory pathway from alpha‐synuclein over‐expression and specific up‐regulation in tumors. We have followed up on several of these features that together suggest nontraditional SNARE structures and functions.ResultsA significant portion of ykt6 in PC12 cells was found in a protease‐resistant state suggestive of a large complex or aggregate. Other endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi SNAREs were not protease resistant, demonstrating that SNARE complexes per se did not cause protease resistance. Mutagenesis indicated that lipidation of the ykt6 C‐terminus was also not involved, implicating its longin domain in particle formation. Immunogold electron microscopy revealed ykt6 labeling of ∼100 nm electron densities associated with diverse membranes. Density gradient analysis of the protease‐resistant structures confirmed their tight association with membranes. Since excess ykt6 has been correlated with tumorigenesis, we tested whether ykt6 over‐expression in normal rat kidney cells that normally express little ykt6 affected the cell cycle. Ykt6 over‐expression was found to result in altered cell division cycles as evidenced by significantly smaller cells, a higher mitotic index and increased DNA synthesis. Mutagenesis studies dis‐correlated SNARE function with the cell cycle effects; instead, the cell cycle effects correlated better with ykt6 properties related to the longin domain or particle formation.ConclusionsThe ykt6 particles/aggregates may represent ykt6 engaged in a non‐SNARE function(s) or else nonfunctional, stored and/or excess ykt6. Whether the particulate ykt6 structures represent a means of buffering the apparent proliferative activity or are in fact mechanistically related to this activity will be of future interest in neuroscience and cancer biology.
Degree of dental anxiety in children with and without toothache: prospective assessment
Authors: RAMOS‐JORGE JOANA , MARQUES LEANDRO S. , HOMEM MÁRCIO A. , PAIVA SAUL M. , FERREIRA MEIRE C. , OLIVEIRA FERREIRA FERNANDA , RAMOS‐JORGE MARIA L. 
Published: March 2012

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2013; 23: 125–130
Background.  Few prospective studies on the anxiety of children in the dental office have been published.Aims.  To monitor dental anxiety levels in children with and without previous experience with toothache over a period of six consecutive visits.Design.  A longitudinal study was carried out involving 167 children treated at a public dental service. Levels of anxiety in the dental setting were assessed in children without toothache (G1) and those with toothache (G2) using the modified Venham picture test (VPT). Data acquisition was carried out over a 6‐week period, with each child treated in the dental office once a week. Six assessments of anxiety were performed in the waiting room prior to dental treatment.Results.  A significant reduction in anxiety scores occurred between appointments in both groups. In the inter‐group comparison, G2 had significantly higher anxiety scores than G1. Although statistically significant reductions in anxiety scores occurred through to the fifth appointment, a tendency toward stagnation in anxiety scores was observed beginning with the fourth appointment.Conclusions.  Dental anxiety scores were reduced over the course of six appointments. Children with toothache had higher levels of dental anxiety than those that had never experienced toothache.
The promoter architectural landscape of the Salmonella PhoP regulon
Authors: Zwir Igor , Latifi Tammy , Perez J. Christian , Huang Henry , Groisman Eduardo A. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryThe DNA‐binding protein PhoP controls virulence and Mg2+ homeostasis in the Gram‐negative pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. PhoP regulates expression of a large number of genes that differ both in their ancestry and in the biochemical functions and physiological roles of the encoded products. This suggests that PhoP‐regulated genes are differentially expressed. To understand how a bacterial activator might generate varied gene expression behaviour, we investigated the cis‐acting promoter features (i.e. the number of PhoP binding sites, as well as their orientation and location with respect to the sites bound by RNA polymerase and the sequences that constitute the PhoP binding sites) in 23 PhoP‐activated promoters. Our results show that natural PhoP‐activated promoters utilize only a limited number of combinations of cis‐acting features – or promoter architectures. We determine that PhoP activates transcription by different mechanisms, and that ancestral and horizontally acquired PhoP‐activated genes have distinct promoter architectures.
Oxymatrine inhibits collagen synthesis in keloid fibroblasts via inhibition of transforming growth factor‐β1/Smad signaling pathway
Authors: Fan Dong‐Liang , Zhao Wei‐Jin , Wang Yu‐Xin , Han Si‐Yuan , Guo Shu 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackground  Keloids are benign dermal tumors characterized by fibroblastic proliferation and excessive accumulation of collagen. Oxymatrine (OMT) is an alkaloid extracted from the Chinese herb Sophora japonica with capacities of anti‐fibrosis.Objective  To evaluate the effects of OMT on collagen production and to explore its mechanisms.Methods  OMT was applied to human keloid fibroblasts in vitro. Collagen, transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1, TGF‐β receptor, and Smads were analyzed by Western Blot, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and immunofluorescence.Results  We found that both collagen synthesis and Smad3 production were significantly suppressed in a dose‐dependent administration of OMT. However, expression of TGF‐β1, TGF‐β receptor1, TGF‐β receptor2, Smad4, and Smad7 was unchanged. We also found that OMT reversed phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Smad3 induced by TGF‐β1.Conclusions  OMT inhibited collagen synthesis, which might be associated with TGF‐β/Smad signaling pathway. These findings suggest that OMT may be a promising candidate to prevent keloid and other fibrotic diseases.
Successful hemostasis by embolization in a case of uncontrollable arterial bleeding following posterior tension‐free vaginal mesh procedure puncture
Authors: Hongoh Sachiko , Miyakita Hideshi , Terachi Toshiro , Iwata Yoshirou 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAn 82‐year‐old woman presented to our hospital in April 2009 complaining of sensations of a descending bladder and residual urine, and frequent urination. She had given birth to two children. She had undergone simple total hysterectomy for uterine myoma at another hospital in 1974 and anterior colporrhaphy for anterior vaginal wall prolapse, also at another hospital, in 2008. On presentation, examination with the pelvic organ prolapse quantitative system revealed a stage‐III cuff scar prolapse and cystocele. A cystogram revealed a cystocele. We report here a tension‐free vaginal mesh (TVM) procedure and the development of arterial bleeding following the third puncture for posterior TVM, which could not be controlled through the operative field but was successfully stopped by embolization.
Gender‐specific or Common Classroom Norms? Examining the Contextual Moderators of the Risk for Victimization
Authors: Isaacs Jenny , Voeten Marinus , Salmivalli Christina 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe tested whether gender‐specific vs. common classroom norms were more powerful moderators of the association between a risk factor (rejection) and peer victimization among girls and boys. The participants were 1220 elementary schoolchildren from grades 4–6 (with 10–13 years of age). We compared different multilevel models including combined vs. separate regressions for boys and girls, as well as the effects of norms of the whole class, same‐sex classmates, and cross‐sex classmates. Among girls, the association between rejection and victimization was strongest in classes where bullying behavior was common, and anti‐bullying attitudes were rare among girls. Among boys, the strength of the slope of victimization on rejection could not be explained by either common or gender‐specific classroom norms, but boys' level of bullying behavior was related to overall classroom level of victimization. The findings suggest that contextual factors may contribute to victimization especially among high‐risk girls. The importance of exploring multiple levels of influence on children's social development is discussed.
Factors associated with a strictly undetectable viral load in HIV‐1‐infected patients
Authors: Martin‐Blondel G , Sauné K , Vu Hai V , Marchou B , Delobel P , Izopet J , Cuzin L , Massip P 
Published: March 2012

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to identify factors associated with a strictly undetectable viral load (VL) using a routine sensitive real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) technology.MethodsFrom a large prospective cohort, 1392 patients with a VL < 50 HIV‐1 RNA copies/mL while receiving a three‐drug suppressive regimen for at least 1 year were included in a cross‐sectional analysis. Patients were classified into three groups and compared by univariate and multivariate analysis: 479 patients with a strictly undetectable VL (group 1; 34%), 617 patients with detectable VL below the threshold of 20 copies/mL (group 2; 44%), and 296 patients with a VL of 20–50 copies/mL (group 3; 12%).ResultsComparing groups 1 and 2, VL zenith < 5 log10 copies/mL [odds ratio (OR) 1.51; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15–1.99; P = 0.003], current CD4 T‐cell count < 500 cells/μL (OR 1.44; 95% CI 1.08–1.92; P = 0.01), and duration of viral suppression < 50 copies/mL longer than 2 years (OR 2.32; 95% CI 1.20–4.54; P = 0.01) were associated with undetectable VL. Comparing groups 1 and 3, VL zenith < 5 log10 copies/mL (OR 2.48; 95% CI 1.75–3.50; P < 0.001), duration of viral suppression < 50 copies/mL longer than 1 year (OR 3.33; 95% CI 1.66–6.66; P = 0.0006), and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)‐based regimens (OR 1.45; 95% CI 1.03–2.04; P = 0.03) were associated with undetectable VL. No individual drug effect was found within NNRTI molecules.ConclusionsLonger duration of viral suppression < 50 copies/mL, lower viral load zenith and NNRTI‐based regimen were independently associated with a strictly undetectable viral load. This routinely used RT‐PCR assay may prove to be a valuable tool in further large‐scale studies.