bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The FIGO Working Group on the Prevention of Unsafe Abortion: Mandate and process for achievement
Authors: Leke Robert J.I. , Padilla de Gil Marina , Távara Luis , Faúndes Anibal 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe Working Group of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) on the Prevention of Unsafe Abortion and its Consequences received a mandate to contribute to reduce the number of women who have to resort to induced abortion and the maternal mortality and morbidity associated with unsafe abortion by minimizing unintended pregnancies, improving access to safe abortion services, and increasing the quality of and access to post‐abortion care, including post‐abortion contraception. A project proposal was prepared and approved by an anonymous donor, funding a structure headed by a general coordinator, the Chair of the Working Group, together with 6 regional coordinators and 1 assistant regional coordinator, plus 43 focal points nominated by the participating societies. A situational analysis of induced/unsafe abortion for each country was prepared by the focal points with the technical support of the Guttmacher Institute, and a plan of action based on the findings of the analysis. The situational analysis and plans of action were discussed at 7 regional workshops held between June and August, 2008. Fifty‐four member societies nominated a focal point, 48 attended the regional workshops, and 43 had a plan of action approved by their governments and respective societies. The plans of action are currently in the process of implementation, with the collaboration of a number of national and international agencies and organizations.
Goals and activities proposed by countries in seven regions of the world toward prevention of unsafe abortion
Authors: Mirembe Florence , Karanja Joseph , Hassan Ezzeldin Osman , Faúndes Anibal 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis article describes the goals and activities included in the national plans of action for the prevention of unsafe abortion. With broad variability, all were in line with the initiative's purpose of contributing to reduce the number of women who have unplanned pregnancies and induced abortions, as well as the maternal mortality and morbidity associated with unsafe abortion. The interventions proposed can be classified in 5 groups: (1) to work toward better national policies through obtaining and disseminating accurate evidence‐based data on abortion and to sensitize policy makers and health professionals on issues pertaining to unsafe abortion; (2) to reduce the number of unplanned/unwanted pregnancies by increasing the use of modern contraceptive methods, introducing or improving sex education, and improving adolescent‐friendly reproductive health services; (3) to make induced abortion safer by making adequate abortion services available, within the full extent of the national laws, and promoting access to safe abortion; (4) to improve postabortion care, including postabortion contraception; and (5) to reduce the need to resort to abortion by working on facilitating the process of adoption. The proportions of plans that include each of these interventions are described, as well as some regional differences.
Exploring the superadditive effects of scent and pictures on verbal recall: An extension of dual coding theory
Authors: Lwin May O. , Morrin Maureen , Krishna Aradhna 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis research extends the dual coding theory of memory retrieval (Paivio 1969, 2007) beyond its traditional focus on verbal and pictorial information to olfactory information. We manipulate the presence or absence of olfactory and pictorial stimuli at the time of encoding (study 1) or retrieval (study 2) and measure the impact on verbal recall. After a time delay, scent enhances recall of verbal information, and scent‐based retrieval cues potentiate the facilitative effect of pictures on recall. These results cannot be attributed merely to increased elaboration at the time of exposure.
On the volume of caps and bounding the mean-width of an isotropic convex body
Authors: PIVOVAROV PETER 
Published: May 2010

AbstractLetKbe a convex body which is (i) symmetric with respect to each of the coordinate hyperplanes and (ii) in isotropic position. We prove that most linear functionals acting onKexhibit super-Gaussian tail behavior. Using known facts about the mean-width of such bodies, we then deduce strong lower bounds for the volume of certain caps. We also prove a converse statement. Namely, if anarbitraryisotropic convex body (not necessarily satisfying (i)) exhibits similar cap-behavior, then one can bound its mean-width.
Exact solution for a diffusive nonequilibrium steady state of an open quantum
chain
Authors: Žnidarič Marko 
Published: May 2010

We calculate a nonequilibrium steady state of a quantum XX chain in the presence of
dephasing and driving due to baths at chain ends. The obtained state is exact in the limit
of weak driving while the expressions for one- and two-point correlations are exact for an
arbitrary driving strength. In the steady state the magnetization profile and the spin
current display diffusive behavior. The spin–spin correlation function, on the other hand,
has long-range correlations which, though, decay to zero in either the thermodynamical
limit or for equilibrium driving. At zero dephasing a nonequilibrium phase transition occurs
from a ballistic transport having short-range correlations to a diffusive transport with
long-range correlations.
Design and morphology control of polymer nanocomposites using light-driven phase separation phenomena
Authors: Van-Pham Dan-Thuy , Trinh Xuan-Anh , Nakanishi Hideyuki , Tran-Cong-Miyata Qui 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Phase separation of polymer mixtures is induced and controlled by photo-cross-link and photopolymerization using ultraviolet (UV) light. By taking advantage of the competition between phase separation and chemical reactions, a variety of morphologies such as co-continuous, spatially graded co-continuous and periodic structures with controllable periods, and hexagonal structures, etc, are obtained experimentally. The reaction kinetics (photo-cross-link or photopolymerization), reaction-induced elastic strain and phase separation kinetics are monitored, respectively, by UV–Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, Mach–Zehnder interferometry (MZI), light scattering (LS) and laser-scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). Spatial modulation of light intensity generated by computer-assisted irradiation (CAI) is also used to induce phase separation of polymer blends. The correlation between the reaction-induced phase separation of polymer mixtures and the competing interactions is discussed with some perspectives on designing polymer materials with high performance.
The quantum dynamics of two qubits inside two distant microcavities connected via a single-mode optical fiber
Authors: Nguyen Van Hieu , Nguyen Bich Ha , Duong Hai Trieu 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
For application to studying the transmission of quantum information, also called quantum communication, between two identical qubits placed inside two identical single-mode microcavities connected via a single-mode optical fiber, the time evolution of this system is investigated. In the Markovian approximation, the von Neumann equation for its reduced density matrix contains a completely positive linear operator called the Liouvillian operator describing the decoherence of this system due to its interaction with the environment. By using the Linblad formula for the Liouvillian operator, a system of rate equations can be derived. In the special case of resonance between the energy difference of two states in each qubit and the energy of the fiber mode, the rate equations for the system excited up to the first level are solved in first order approximation with respect to the decoherence constants. It is shown that when there is no decoherence, the perfect quantum state transmission between two qubits can take place if the physical parameters of the system satisfy definite conditions. A possible extension to studying the system excited to high energy states is also discussed.
Direct and indirect community effects of rebuilding plans
Authors: Andersen Ken H. , Rice Jake C. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAndersen, K. H., and Rice, J. C. 2010. Direct and indirect community effects of rebuilding plans. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1980–1988. Many fish communities are heavily exploited and rebuilding plans need to be implemented for depleted species. Within an ecosystem approach to management, development of rebuilding plans should include consideration of the expected consequences of the rebuilding of the target species on the rest of the marine community. Using size- and trait-based single-species and community models, a general assessment is made of the direct and indirect ecological consequences of a rebuilding plan based on a reduction in fishing mortality. If fishing mortality is sufficiently reduced, the time-scale of rebuilding is in the order of the time to reach maturation of an individual, and the expected trajectory can be reliably predicted by a single-species model. Indirect effects of increased abundance are a decrease in individuals in the trophic levels above and below the target species. The decrease in biomass of the neighbouring trophic levels is expected to be much smaller than the increase in the target species and to be largest in species on the trophic level above. We discuss which effects could be responsible when a rebuilding plan does not result in the expected increase and how our results could be applied in a practical management situation.
ragged seedling2Encodes an ARGONAUTE7-Like Protein Required for Mediolateral Expansion, but Not Dorsiventrality, of Maize Leaves
Authors: Douglas Ryan N. , Wiley Dan , Sarkar Ananda , Springer Nathan , Timmermans Marja C.P. , Scanlon Michael J. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractLeaves arise from the flank of the shoot apical meristem and are asymmetrical along the adaxial/abaxial plane from inception. Mutations perturbing dorsiventral cell fate acquisition in a variety of species can result in unifacial (radially symmetrical) leaves lacking adaxial/abaxial polarity. However, mutations in maize (Zea mays) ragged seedling2 (rgd2) condition cylindrical leaves that maintain dorsiventral polarity. Positional cloning reveals that rgd2 encodes an ARGONAUTE7 (AGO7)-like protein required to produce ta-siARF, a trans-acting small interfering RNA that targets abaxially located auxin response factor3a (arf3a) transcripts for degradation. Previous studies implicated ta-siARF in dorsiventral patterning of monocot leaves. Here, we show that arf3a transcripts hyperaccumulate but remain abaxialized in rgd2 mutant apices, revealing that ta-siARF function is not required for arf3a polarization. RGD2 also regulates miR390 accumulation and localization in maize shoot apices. Similar to the abaxialized maize mutant leafbladeless1 (lbl1), rgd2 mutants exhibit ectopic accumulation of the abaxial identity factor miR166 in adaxial domains. Thus, hyperaccumulation of arf3a and ectopic accumulation of miR166 are insufficient to condition abaxialized leaf phenotypes in maize. Finally, transcripts of a maize ago1 paralog overaccumulate in lbl1 but not in rgd2 mutants, suggesting that upregulation of ago1 combined with ectopic accumulation of miR166 contribute to abaxialized leaf formation in lbl1. We present a revised model for the role of small RNAs in dorsiventral patterning of maize leaves.
Genetic Screening Identifies Cyanogenesis-Deficient Mutants of Lotus japonicus and Reveals Enzymatic Specificity in Hydroxynitrile Glucoside Metabolism
Authors: Takos Adam , Lai Daniela , Mikkelsen Lisbeth , Abou Hachem Maher , Shelton Dale , Motawia Mohammed Saddik , Olsen Carl Erik , Wang Trevor L. , Martin Cathie , Rook Fred 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Cyanogenesis, the release of hydrogen cyanide from damaged plant tissues, involves the enzymatic degradation of amino acid–derived cyanogenic glucosides (α-hydroxynitrile glucosides) by specific β-glucosidases. Release of cyanide functions as a defense mechanism against generalist herbivores. We developed a high-throughput screening method and used it to identify cyanogenesis deficient (cyd) mutants in the model legume Lotus japonicus. Mutants in both biosynthesis and catabolism of cyanogenic glucosides were isolated and classified following metabolic profiling of cyanogenic glucoside content. L. japonicus produces two cyanogenic glucosides: linamarin (derived from Val) and lotaustralin (derived from Ile). Their biosynthesis may involve the same set of enzymes for both amino acid precursors. However, in one class of mutants, accumulation of lotaustralin and linamarin was uncoupled. Catabolic mutants could be placed in two complementation groups, one of which, cyd2, encoded the β-glucosidase BGD2. Despite the identification of nine independent cyd2 alleles, no mutants involving the gene encoding a closely related β-glucosidase, BGD4, were identified. This indicated that BGD4 plays no role in cyanogenesis in L. japonicus in vivo. Biochemical analysis confirmed that BGD4 cannot hydrolyze linamarin or lotaustralin and in L. japonicus is specific for breakdown of related hydroxynitrile glucosides, such as rhodiocyanoside A. By contrast, BGD2 can hydrolyze both cyanogenic glucosides and rhodiocyanosides. Our genetic analysis demonstrated specificity in the catabolic pathways for hydroxynitrile glucosides and implied specificity in their biosynthetic pathways as well. In addition, it has provided important tools for elucidating and potentially modifying cyanogenesis pathways in plants.
The mobile university: from the library to the campus
Authors: Wilson Sally , McCarthy Graham 
Published: May 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review one library's experiences of creating mobile services and illustrate how, by developing expertise in emerging technologies, libraries can foster partnerships with other groups on campus and play a leading role in providing relevant student‐centred services.Design/methodology/approachThe paper begins with a brief summary of mobile services offered by the Ryerson Library prior to the fall of 2008, discusses the results of a mobile device survey conducted that semester, and outlines the resulting mobile services that were developed by the Library which led to a campus‐wide collaboration to develop the framework for a student‐led mobile initiative. The technical framework and project management issues are also discussed.FindingsA survey performed by the Ryerson University Library in the fall of 2008 indicated that smart phones were owned by approximately 20 percent of the student population but that within the next three years this figure could reach as much as 80 percent. To remain relevant, it is important that libraries adapt their services to this new environment.Practical implicationsThe paper illustrates how library services can be adapted to the mobile environment and how the library can play a role in broader campus mobile initiatives.Originality/valueAll libraries will be interested in exploring the library services that were developed and adapted for mobile devices and of particular interest to academic libraries will be the building of collaborative relationships with other academic departments to provide services to students.
Libraries “like to move it, move it”
Authors: Murray Lilia 
Published: May 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a review of selected mobile technology literature and to inform librarians about the following seven mobile initiatives: Library Web sites; SMS Reference; MOPACs (Mobile OPACs) and Integrated Library Systems; Mobile Collections; eBooks and Mobile Reading; Mobile Instruction; Mobile Audio/Video Tours.Design/methodology/approachA literature review is gathered from periodical articles as well as a number of well‐known blogs discussing mobile initiatives in libraries.FindingsListed in order of importance to most patrons, the seven initiatives examined were chosen because their widespread discussion in the literature, at presentations, and on blogs suggests that they are moving beyond mere trends and are becoming best practices. The development and implementation of these mobile services can range from work‐intensive and expensive to scalable, inexpensive solutions.Originality/valueThe information may be used by libraries seeking to add mobile technologies in order to enhance their traditional services, making them not only more available, but also more relevant to their users. In addition, the examinations provide, where possible, the author's recommendations for libraries seeking to implement such initiatives and suggest directions for future applications.
Making the case for a fully mobile library web site: from floor maps to the catalog
Authors: Bridges Laurie , Gascho Rempel Hannah , Griggs Kimberly 
Published: May 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the current state of worldwide mobile usage; mobile technologies; libraries' use of mobile technologies including a review of library mobile catalog options, both vendor‐supplied and in‐house created; perspectives from current library leaders and innovators on the importance of incorporating the libraries' resources into the mobile environment; and future directions for mobile library services.Design/methodology/approachA range of recently published literature (2008‐2010), which aims to provide practical statistics and resources for libraries wishing to mobilize their web site, is summarized in order to provide the reader with tools for creating a mobile library proposal. The sources are sorted into sections: mobile phone popularity, smartphones/web‐enabled phones, mobile phone use, library mobile web sites and catalogs, and what library leaders have to say.FindingsThe paper provides an evaluative summary of mobile statistics and resources, indicating the salient points and how to find more information for libraries wishing to draft a mobile library proposal.Practical implicationsThe paper presents a useful source of information for both libraries wishing to create a proposal for a mobile library site, and for libraries that simply want an overview of the current state of mobile use and technologies.Originality/valueThe paper includes up‐to‐date data about worldwide mobile phone penetration rates and mobile phone use, and is the first to argue for proposing the development of both a mobile library web site and a mobile catalog.
Discourse or reality?
Authors: Lewis Suzan , Humbert Anne Laure 
Published: May 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of flexible working arrangements (FWAs) and particularly reduced hours working arrangements on a Dual Agenda of gender equity and workplace effectiveness, in a case study organization employing a relatively high proportion of women scientists.Design/methodology/approachIn‐depth interviews based on the initial stages of collaborative interactive action research (CIAR) are used within a case‐study approach. The interviews explored working practices, the assumptions underpinning them and their un/intended consequences.FindingsThe main form of FWA used in the organization, four days a week, is double edged and complex in its effects. It supports mothers, but at a cost because of gendered assumptions. Despite a commitment to flexibility and “work‐life balance”, the gendered construction of the ideal worker and ideas of competence conflated with hegemonic masculinity, remain powerful. This, together with a prevalent “good mother” ideology, undermines both gender equity and workplace effectiveness.Practical implicationsThis paper is of value to both researchers and policy makers. It shows that highly developed work‐life balance or flexible working polices are not sufficient to enhance gender equity and points to the importance of surfacing and challenging gender assumptions in science, engineering and technology. It emphasizes the need to move forward from policy to practice.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to a growing body of work using initial stages of the CIAR methodology and showcases the theoretical insights gained by such an approach.
Female part‐time managers
Authors: Tomlinson Jennifer , Durbin Susan 
Published: May 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the employment trajectories, aspirations, work‐life balance and career mobility of women working as part‐time managers.Design/methodology/approachIn‐depth, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 16 female part‐time managers and four of their line managers in public and private‐sector organizations. Interviews explored women's career trajectories before and after the transition to part‐time work and focused on career mobility, aspirations and work‐life balance.FindingsThe part‐time managers in this sample held varied careers while working full‐time but careers stalled once a transition to part‐time work was made. The majority were career focused, worked intensively and felt frustrated with their lack of mobility and career progression while working part‐time. The majority worked in excess of their contracted hours and did not experience an appropriate reallocation of work when they reduced hours.Practical implicationsThis paper is of value to both researchers and policy makers. Policy implications point to the limitations of the current UK legislation on the right to request flexible working. The paper states that further research would be beneficial on the ways in which managers employed on part‐time and other flexible contracts, operate successfully in organizations, with the aim of championing alternative working patterns and breaking down traditional long hours cultures which act as a barrier to women and part‐time workers.Originality/valueThis paper explores the employment profiles and experiences of a little studied and rare group of female workers.
The impact of partnership and family‐building on the early careers of female graduates in the UK
Authors: Wilton Nick , Purcell Kate 
Published: May 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to outline the impact of partnership and family‐building on the aspirations, expectations and orientations to work of a sample of highly qualified women working across a range of industry sectors.Design/methodology/approachThis paper draws on both qualitative and quantitative data collected in a longitudinal study of the early careers of UK graduates, incorporating both a large‐scale questionnaire survey and detailed interviews with a sample of respondents.FindingsThis paper highlights the persistence of gender asymmetries in both employment and domestic partnership and shows the complex decision‐making process which determines career prioritization among equally highly qualified partners. It also provides evidence of change in the values, priorities and orientations to work and the work‐life balance of UK graduates as they progress through early career development.Practical implicationsThe extent to which highly qualified women use (and are sometimes precipitated by circumstances into using) the life stage associated with stable partnership formation and family‐building to reassess values and priorities has implications for both policymakers and employers. In particular, employers need to take account of changing orientations in work and life stage in formulating effective recruitment and retention strategies for high‐qualified workers.Originality/valueThis paper provides new data on how dual‐career partnerships negotiate the transition from, in career terms, single entities into dyads and the dynamics of gender role change and stability.