bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do maternal parenting practices predict problematic patterns of adolescent alcohol consumption?
Authors: Alati Rosa , Maloney Elizabeth , Hutchinson Delyse M. , Najman Jake M. , Mattick Richard P. , Bor William , Williams Gail M. 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTObjective  This study examines whether a mother's style of parenting at child age 5 years predicts problematic patterns of drinking in adolescence, after controlling for relevant individual, maternal and social risk factors.Methods  Data were used from the Mater‐University Study of Pregnancy, an Australian longitudinal study of mothers and their children from pregnancy to when the children were 14 years of age. Logistic regression analyses examined whether maternal parenting practices at child age 5 predicted problematic drinking patterns in adolescence, after controlling for a range of confounding covariates.Results  Physical punishment at child age 5 did not predict adolescent alcohol problems at follow‐up. Results indicated that low maternal control at child age 5 predicted adolescent occasional drinking patterns at age 14. More frequent maternal partner change coupled with lower levels of control was the strongest predictor of more problematic patterns of drinking by adolescents.Conclusions  These findings highlight the importance of family structure and level of parental control in the development of problematic patterns of drinking in adolescence.
Mental disorders as risk factors for substance use, abuse and dependence: results from the 10‐year follow‐up of the National Comorbidity Survey
Authors: Swendsen Joel , Conway Kevin P. , Degenhardt Louisa , Glantz Meyer , Jin Robert , Merikangas Kathleen R. , Sampson Nancy , Kessler Ronald C. 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTAims The comorbidity of mental disorders and substance dependence is well documented, but prospective investigations in community samples are rare. This investigation examines the role of primary mental disorders as risk factors for the later onset of nicotine, alcohol and illicit drug use, abuse and dependence with abuse.Design The National Comorbidity Survey (NCS) was a nationally representative survey of mental and substance disorders in the United States carried out in 1990–92. The NCS‐2 re‐interviewed a probability subsample of NCS respondents in 2001–03, a decade after the baseline survey.Participants A total of 5001 NCS respondents were re‐interviewed in the NCS‐2 (87.6% of baseline sample).Results Aggregate analyses demonstrated significant prospective risks posed by baseline mental disorders for the onset of nicotine, alcohol and illicit drug dependence with abuse over the follow‐up period. Particularly strong and consistent associations were observed for behavioral disorders and previous substance use conditions, as well as for certain mood and anxiety disorders. Conditional analyses demonstrated that many observed associations were limited to specific categories of use, abuse or dependence, including several mental disorders that were non‐significant predictors in the aggregate analyses.Conclusions Many mental disorders are associated with an increased risk of later substance use conditions, but important differences in these associations are observed across the categories of use, abuse and dependence with abuse. These prospective findings have implications for the precision of prevention and treatment strategies targeting substance use disorders.
Estimating the number of alcohol‐attributable deaths: methodological issues and illustration with French data for 2006
Authors: Rey Grégoire , Boniol Mathieu , Jougla Eric 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTAims Computing the number of alcohol‐attributable deaths requires a series of hypotheses. Using French data for 2006, the potential biases are reviewed and the sensitivity of estimates to various hypotheses evaluated.Methods Self‐reported alcohol consumption data were derived from large population‐based surveys. The risks of occurrence of diseases associated with alcohol consumption and relative risks for all‐cause mortality were obtained through literature searches. All‐cause and cause‐specific population alcohol‐attributable fractions (PAAFs) were calculated. In order to account for potential under‐reporting, the impact of adjustment on sales data was tested. The 2006 mortality data were restricted to people aged between 15 and 75 years.Results When alcohol consumption distribution was adjusted for sales data, the estimated number of alcohol‐attributable deaths, the sum of the cause‐specific estimates, was 20 255. Without adjustment, the estimate fell to 7158. Using an all‐cause mortality approach, the adjusted number of alcohol‐attributable deaths was 15 950, while the non‐adjusted estimate was a negative number. Other methodological issues, such as computation based on risk estimates for all causes for ‘all countries’ or only ‘European countries’, also influenced the results, but to a lesser extent.Discussion The estimates of the number of alcohol‐attributable deaths varied greatly, depending upon the hypothesis used. The most realistic and evidence‐based estimate seems to be obtained by adjusting the consumption data for national alcohol sales, and by summing the cause‐specific estimates. However, interpretation of the estimates must be cautious in view of their potentially large imprecision.
Trajectories of resilience over 25 years of individuals who as adolescents consulted for substance misuse and a matched comparison group
Authors: Larm Peter , Hodgins Sheilagh , Tengström Anders , Larsson Agne 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTAims  To examine trajectories of resilience over 25 years among individuals who as adolescents received treatment for substance misuse, the clinical sample (CS) and a matched general population sample (GP).Design  Comparison of the CS and GP over 25 years using Swedish national registers of health care and criminality.Setting  A substance misuse clinic for adolescents in an urban area in Sweden.Measurements  Resilience was defined as the absence of substance misuse, hospitalizations for physical illnesses related to substance misuse, hospitalization for mental illness and law‐abiding behaviour from ages 21 to 45 years.Participants  The CS included 701 individuals who as adolescents had consulted a clinic for substance misuse. The GP included 731 individuals selected randomly from the Swedish population and matched for age, sex and birthplace.Findings  A total of 52.4% of the GP and 24.4% of the CS achieved resilience in all domains through 25 years. Among the CS, another one‐third initially displayed moderate levels of resilience that rose to high levels over time, one‐quarter displayed decreasing levels of resilience over time, while 9.3% showed little but improving resilience and 8.8% showed no resilience. Levels of resilience were associated with the severity of substance misuse and delinquency in adolescence.Conclusions  Individuals who had presented substance misuse problems in adolescence were less likely to achieve resilience over the subsequent 25 years than was a matched general population sample, and among them, four distinct trajectories of resilience were identified. The severity and type of problems presented in adolescence distinguished the four trajectories.
What economics can contribute to the addiction sciences
Authors: Caulkins Jonathan P. , Nicosia Nancy 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTAims The addiction sciences are intrinsically multi‐disciplinary, and economics is among the disciplines that offer useful perspectives on the complex behaviors surrounding substance abuse. This paper summarizes contributions economics has made in the past and could make in the future towards understanding how illegal markets operate, how prices affect use, how use generates various consequences, and how policy shapes all three.Methods Review of literature, concentrating on illegal drugs as insights concerning markets are particularly salient, although we also mention relevant studies from the alcohol and tobacco fields.Findings and Conclusions Economics offers tools and topical expertise that usefully complement other disciplines associated traditionally with the addiction sciences. Its value goes far beyond the ability to monetize non‐monetary outcomes or to calculate a cost‐benefit ratio.
What are the policy lessons of National Alcohol Prohibition in the United States, 1920–1933?
Authors: Hall Wayne 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTNational alcohol prohibition in the United States between 1920 and 1933 is believed widely to have been a misguided and failed social experiment that made alcohol problems worse by encouraging drinkers to switch to spirits and created a large black market for alcohol supplied by organized crime. The standard view of alcohol prohibition provides policy lessons that are invoked routinely in policy debates about alcohol and other drugs. The alcohol industry invokes it routinely when resisting proposals to reduce the availability of alcohol, increase its price or regulate alcohol advertising and promotion. Advocates of cannabis law reform invoke it frequently in support of their cause. This paper aims: (i) to provide an account of alcohol prohibition that is more accurate than the standard account because it is informed by historical and econometric analyses; (ii) to describe the policy debates in the 1920s and 1930s about the effectiveness of national prohibition; and (iii) to reflect on any relevance that the US experience with alcohol prohibition has for contemporary policies towards alcohol. It is incorrect to claim that the US experience of National Prohibition indicates that prohibition as a means of regulating alcohol is always doomed to failure. Subsequent experience shows that partial prohibitions can produce substantial public health benefits at an acceptable social cost, in the absence of substantial enforcement.
Percutaneous collagen induction. Scarless skin rejuvenation: fact or fiction?
Authors: Aust M. C. , Reimers K. , Gohritz A. , Jahn S. , Stahl F. , Repenning C. , Scheper T. , Altintas M. A. , Schwaiger N. , Redeker J. , Vogt P. M. 
Published: March 2010

Summary
Photoageing is generally treated by ablative procedures that injure the epidermis and basement membrane, and lead to fibrosis of the dermis. Percutaneous collagen induction (PCI) therapy is an alternative treatment for photoaged skin that does not result in clinical signs of dermal fibrosis. In this study, the immediate effects of PCI on the skin were assessed, including the systemic inflammatory response and the production and gene expression of transforming growth factor (TGF) isoforms β1, β2 and β3. Eighty rats were split into four groups: group 1 (n = 24; PCI plus skin care); group 2 (n = 24; skin care only); group 3 (n = 24; PCI only) and group 4 (n = 8; controls). Microarray analysis showed that TGF-β3, an essential marker for preventing scarring, was upregulated and expressed for 2 weeks postoperatively. PCI might offer a regenerative therapy to improve skin appearance and quality and to improve or even prevent scarring.
Fine needle aspiration cytology of infantile haemangioendothelioma of the liver: a report of two cases
Authors: Sigamani E. , Iyer V. K. , Agarwala S. 
Published: March 2010

E. Sigamani, V. K. Iyer and S. Agarwala Fine needle aspiration cytology of infantile haemangioendothelioma of the liver: a report of two cases Background:  Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of infantile haemangioendothelioma of the liver (IHL) has not previously been described because routine use of FNAC is contraindicated due to the risk of bleeding.Methods and materials:  Two patients presented with progressively increasing right upper quadrant abdominal mass. The index case was a girl aged two and a half years with a large single mass in the right lobe of the liver. The second was a 3‐month‐old girl in whom ultrasonography revealed multiple hypoechoic lesions in the liver. Ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration had been performed on both patients. May‐Grünwald‐Giemsa stained smears from these two patients were reviewed and correlated with histopathology.Results:  Both aspirates showed predominantly normal hepatocytes and bile ductules amongst which tumour cells were admixed. The latter were oval to spindle‐shaped with scant cytoplasm and wavy, kinked and indented nuclear outlines. The non‐epithelial character of the tumour cells was apparent and helped to rule out hepatoblastoma. One case showed extramedullary haemopoiesis. The diagnosis of IHL was established on subsequent excision in the first case and a wedge biopsy in the second case. CD34 and factor VIII R antigen were positive in the tumour cells.Conclusion:  Radiological diagnosis of IHL is possible in a majority of cases, but sometimes features may overlap with hepatoblastoma and fine needle aspiration may be performed inadvertently. Characteristic kinked nuclei and intermixed normal liver tissue might suggest IHL in the differential diagnosis of a spindle cell vasoformative tumour.
Isolation of transcripts from Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte responsive to the Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Cry3Bb1
Authors: Sayed A. , Wiechman B. , Struewing I. , Smith M. , French W. , Nielsen C. , Bagley M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractCrystal (Cry) proteins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have been widely used as a method of insect pest management for several decades. In recent years, a transgenic corn expressing the Cry3Bb1 toxin has been successfully used for protection against corn rootworm larvae (genus Diabrotica). The biological action of the Bt toxin in corn rootworms has not yet been clearly defined. Because development of resistance to Bt by corn rootworms will have huge economic and ecological costs, insight into larval response to Bt toxin is highly desirable. We identified 19 unique transcripts that are differentially expressed in D. virgifera virgifera larvae reared on corn transgenic for Cry3Bb1. Putative identities of these genes were consistent with impacts on metabolism and development. Analysis of highly modulated transcripts resulted in the characterization of genes coding for a member of a cysteine‐rich secretory protein family and a glutamine‐rich membrane protein. A third gene that was isolated encodes a nondescript 132 amino acid protein while a fourth highly modulated transcript could not be further characterized. Expression patterns of these four genes were strikingly different between susceptible and resistant western corn rootworm populations. These genes may provide useful targets for monitoring of Bt exposure patterns and resistance development in pest and non‐target insect populations.
Use of research by nurses during their first two years after graduating
Authors: Forsman Henrietta , Rudman Ann , Gustavsson Petter , Ehrenberg Anna , Wallin Lars 
Published: March 2010

forsman h., rudman a., gustavsson p., ehrenberg a. & wallin l. (2010) Use of research by nurses during their first two years after graduating. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(4), 878–890.AbstractTitle.  Use of research by nurses during their first two years after graduating. Aim.  This paper reports on a study of research use among nurses two years after graduation, as well as changes over time in research use in relation to changes in working conditions.Background.  The demand for evidence‐based practice is widely expressed, and newly graduated nurses should possess the skills to provide high‐quality care based on the best knowledge available. The way in which nurses use research during the first few years after graduating is, however, largely unknown.Method.  As part of a national longitudinal survey, nurses reported their extent of instrumental, conceptual and persuasive research use in 2006 (n = 1365) and 2007 (n = 1256). Data were analysed cross‐sectionally and prospectively, using variable‐ and pattern‐oriented methods.Results.  Instrumental research was reported most frequently, on about half of the working shifts. Seven profiles of research use were found, showing structural stability over time when compared with results from year 1. Most typically, nurses maintained the same profile over time; moreover, low users tended to become even lower users. Two years after graduation, 54·9% reported overall low use. Changes in working conditions did not explain the decrease in research use.Conclusion.  The results support previous claims of a gap between research and clinical practice. The predominance of overall low users is alarming and requires further research, including investigation of individual and organizational factors, to study their impact on nurses’ research use.
Self‐reported adherence to a therapeutic regimen among patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Lam Lai Wah , Twinn Sheila F. , Chan Sally W.C. 
Published: March 2010

lam l.w., twinn s.f. & chan s.w.c. (2010) Self‐reported adherence to a therapeutic regimen among patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing66(4), 763–773.AbstractTitle.  Self‐reported adherence to a therapeutic regimen among patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study conducted to examine self‐reported adherence to a therapeutic regimen for continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.Background.  Studies of patients’ adherence during dialysis have primarily focused on haemodialysis and have frequently yielded inconsistent results, which are attributed to the inconsistent tools used to measure adherence. Levels of adherence to all four components of the therapeutic regimen (i.e. dietary and fluid restrictions, medication, and the dialysis regimen) among patients receiving peritoneal dialysis have not been examined, especially from a patient perspective.Methods.  A total population sample was used. A cross‐sectional survey was carried out by face‐to‐face interviews in 2005 in one renal clinic in Hong Kong. A total of 173 patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (56% of the total population) participated in the study.Results.  Patients perceived themselves as more adherent to medication (83%; 95% confidence interval 77–88%) and dialysis (93%; 95% confidence interval 88–96%) prescriptions than to fluid (64%; 95% confidence interval 56–71%) and dietary (38%; 95% confidence interval 30–45%) restrictions. Those who were male, younger or had received dialysis for 1–3 years saw themselves as more non‐adherent compared with other patients.Conclusion.  Healthcare professionals should take cultural issues into consideration when setting dietary and fluid restriction guidelines. Additional attention and support are required for patients who identify themselves as more non‐adherent. To help patients live with end‐stage renal disease and its treatment, qualitative research is required to understand how they go through the dynamic process of adherence.
Nurse radiographers’ experiences of communication with patients who do not speak the native language
Authors: Fatahi Nabi , Mattsson Bengt , Lundgren Solveig M. , Hellström Mikael 
Published: March 2010

fatahi n., mattsson b., lundgren s.m. & hellström m. (2010) Nurse radiographers’ experiences of communication with patients who do not speak the native language. Journal of Advanced Nursing66(4), 774–783.AbstractTitle.  Nurse radiographers' experiences of communication with patients who do not speak the native language Aim.  This paper is a report of a study exploring nurse radiographers’ experiences of examining patients who do not speak the native language.Background.  The increased number of immigrant patients in Western countries poses a challenge to healthcare staff, as mutual understanding is needed in encounters with patients who do not speak the language of the host country. In particular, little is known about the quality of communication in the setting of radiological examinations, i.e. short encounters with demanding technical and caring components.Methods.  Three focus group interviews with experienced nurse radiographers (n = 11) were carried out in 2007. The interviews were audiotaped and transcribed. A qualitative content analysis method was applied to analyse the interview texts.Findings.  Four main categories emerged in the analysis: modes, needs, quality and improvements of interpreting. The need for an interpreter is strongly associated with the type of examination. For interventional procedures and contrast‐enhanced examinations, a professional interpreter is required to inform the patient and to identify and handle side effects and complications. Friends, relatives, particularly children, and staff as interpreters were not considered ideal as an alternative. Shortage of time and lack of specific knowledge about radiological procedures were identified as problems with professional interpreters. Interpreter training and checklists specific for radiology department routines were suggested, as well as improved nurse radiographers’ education on intercultural communication.Conclusion.  The need for an interpreter, and the native tongue of the patient, should be clearly stated on the radiology request form, to allow timely scheduling of an interpreter. Intercultural communication in nurse radiographers′ education should be enhanced.
Self‐management and symptom monitoring among older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Warwick Melannie , Gallagher Robyn , Chenoweth Lynn , Stein‐Parbury Jane 
Published: March 2010

warwick m., gallagher r., chenoweth l. & stein‐parbury j. (2010) Self‐management and symptom monitoring among older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Journal of Advanced Nursing66(4), 784–793.AbstractTitle.  Self‐management and symptom monitoring among older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Aims.  To describe self‐management, symptom monitoring and the associated influences among older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Background.  Optimal self‐management and monitoring of key symptoms in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease reduces dyspnoea and preventable hospitalizations.Method.  A prospective, descriptive survey design was used and data collected from patients with moderate severity chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during home interviews between April 2005 and June 2006. Predictors of self‐management and symptom monitoring were determined by linear regression analyses.Results.  Patients’ (n = 78) mean age was 73·37 years (sd 7·52); 55·1% were male and 66·7% were married. Most (92·3%) had concurrent illnesses, and 48·7% had been admitted to hospital for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the past 6 months. Self‐management was good to very good, with poorer self‐management predicted by lower self‐efficacy (β = −0·21), a weaker sense of coherence (β = −0·03), and no hospitalization in the past 6 months (β = −05). Symptom monitoring was not ideal, with more than 20% of patients not monitoring any of the key symptoms. More frequent symptom monitoring occurred among participants who were married (β = 5.14) and had more severe disease (β = 0·79).Conclusion.  As self‐management and symptom monitoring ensure better outcomes among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, health professionals should encourage these behaviours. Involving partners, promoting self‐efficacy and understanding of sense of coherence are helpful in this process.