bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction of a cavern under an autobahn embankment for the Ceneri Base Tunnel / Unterquerung eines Autobahndamms durch eine Kaverne beim Ceneri‐Basistunnel
Authors: Filippini Raffaele , Kovári Kalman , Rossi Francesco 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe driving of a cavern with large dimensions with little cover under an autobahn embankment while preserving road safety results in challenging design and construction problems. The embankment is filled against a mountainside and is founded on an intermediate layer of loose ground several metres thick above the rock. The acute angle between the centreline of the cavern and the autobahn and the rock boundary made for a markedly three‐dimensional structure. The chosen concept for the tunnel structure has the following features: top heading advance with previously concreted abutments to support the shotcrete temporary lining under the protection of a double jet grout canopy. Each concrete abutment is also supported on a foundation body formed of jet grout columns, so that the loading on the vault is transferred directly into the undisturbed rock. The face of the top heading with an excavated area of up to 160 m2 is supported partially by passive steel anchors and partially by reinforced jet grout columns. The maximum surface settlements of the carriageway resulting from the driving of the top heading and the bench/invert were only 35 mm.Die Unterfahrung eines Autobahndammes durch eine Kaverne mit großen Abmessungen bei geringer Überlagerung und bei Gewährleistung der Verkehrssicherheit stellt anspruchsvolle planerische und ausführungstechnische Probleme. Der Dammkörper lehnt sich an eine Felsböschung und ruht auf einer Zwischenschicht von Lockergesteinen von einigen Metern Stärke, auf die dann wieder Felsmaterial folgt. Der schiefe Schnitt zwischen der Achse der Kaverne und der Autobahn sowie die Felsbegrenzung schufen ein ausgesprochen dreidimensionales Tragwerk. Das gewählte tunnelstatische Konzept wies folgende grundlegende Merkmale auf: Kalottenvortrieb mit voraus erstellten Betonwiderlagern für die Spritzbetonschale im Schutz eines doppelten HDI‐Gewölbes. Die Betonwiderlager selbst werden auf Fundationskörper aus HDI‐Säulen gestellt, sodass die Gewölbebelastung direkt zum anstehenden Fels geführt wird. Die Ortsbrust der Kalotte mit einer Ausbruchfläche von bis zu 160 m2 wird teils durch Passivanker aus Stahl, teils durch bewehrte HDI‐Säulen gesichert. Die größte Oberflächensetzung auf der Fahrbahn betrug, infolge des Vortriebs der Kalotte und der Strosse/Sohle insgesamt lediglich 35 mm.
Implications of Medical School Selection Research for the Counseling of Premedical Students
Authors: JARECKY ROY K. , JOHNSON DAVIS G. 
Published: April 2012

A valid complaint voiced by advisers of preprofessional students is that once their charges have entered graduate school, news relative to the student's academic progress is hard to come by. The adviser will, of course, in due time be informed as to whether his protégés have in general passed or specifically failed. The trouble is that the adviser rarely learns why his former students have failed. Because of this lack of information, he is hard put to assess the effectiveness of his own counseling.The purpose of this paper is to present relevant findings from two studies recently conducted by the Student Personnel Office of the Upstate Medical Center in Syracuse, New York. The major concern of both studies was to determine whether any relationship might exist between certain background data and the student's academic progress in medical school. It is convenient to refer to the investigations as studies A and B. Study A was concerned with 688 medical students who entered the Upstate Medical Center during the nine‐year period from September, 1949, through September, 1957 [4]. It provides a detailed analysis of past experience with medical students of various ages, mental abilities, college majors, and so forth. Study B, not yet fully completed, reports experience with the validity of a 16‐factor interview approach for 293 members of the classes entering 1956–1959.
Realistic Occupational Appraisal by High School Seniors
Authors: MILLIKEN ROBERT L. 
Published: April 2012

Many colleges throughout the country have become increasingly selective in the quality of students they allow to matriculate. The trend appears to be toward even more selectivity. Nevertheless, Havighurst has suggested that an increasing number of students will attend schools. This will include schools which have one‐ and two‐year terminal programs [5].How realistic are students in considering their potential to succeed in college? Are those who plan to work rather than attend college utilizing their full potential? Are the able students more realistic in their educational and vocational plans than the less able? Lockwood, in 1958, indicated that intelligence seemed directly related to the students' level of realism of their vocational preference. However, he noted that “… pupils of high mental ability sometimes select vocations offering limited opportunities and pupils of low mental ability sometimes select occupations for which they are not intellectually fitted” [9].
Pre‐College Experiences and Curriculum Changes By College Students
Authors: GAMBLE GLENN W. 
Published: April 2012

For perhaps the first time in the history of our country, education has become a topic of primary concern to the American public. Daily, our newspapers and magazines inform us of the large numbers of students who will be seeking a college education within the next few years. It is the responsibility of the school to find ways of meeting this need so that “quality in quantity” [6] may be the outcome.In the past few years, with school enrollments increasing so rapidly many studies have been conducted to determine ways of predicting college success and adjustment. Because of the emphasis on the general theme of college adjustment, it was felt that there are other factors such as vocational maturity and curriculum certainty which might also be studied to learn more about this general adjustment problem.
“I Was Skeptical at First”: Content Literacy in the Art Museum
Authors: Barry Arlene Lundmark 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis manuscript describes 51 preservice teachers’ reactions to their engagement with works of art in a community art museum. Participants were individuals in an adolescent literacy course who were future teachers of middle and secondary content subjects. They were initially skeptical about using artwork to support their content and serve as a catalyst for reading and writing. Based on their written reflections, however, attitudes changed dramatically following their experiences at the art museum and their application of the images to specific issues in their subject specialization. Analysis of their feedback showed perceived benefits to fall into five categories: (1) increased understanding of ways to integrate content, (2) development of additional resources, (3) practice thinking outside the proverbial box, (4) the ability to provide for multiple intelligences and learning preferences, and (5) an opportunity to get out of the classroom. Such benefits, they concluded, better prepared them as teachers.
Reading Culturally Relevant Literature Aloud to Urban Youths With Behavioral Challenges
Authors: Verden Claire E. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis article discusses the viability of reading culturally relevant literature aloud to urban middle school youth. The findings from a research study are shared and guidelines for implementing a culturally sensitive read aloud program in your own middle school or high school classroom are discussed. Anecdotes from students involved in the study are discussed to demonstrate the learning that took place as a result of the literature that was read aloud.
A Different Kind of Reading Instruction: Using Visualizing to Bridge Reading Comprehension and Critical Literacy
Authors: Park Jie Y. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractMany literacy teachers are creating contexts for students to learn and use a range of reading comprehension strategies. As useful as reading strategy instruction is, relatively little has been documented on the ways in which reading strategies can become tools for critical literacy. In this paper, the author illustrates how a reading strategy can become a tool for critical literacy, focusing on the specific strategy of visualizing. Drawing on data collected from a yearlong qualitative study of three after‐school book clubs for adolescent girls, the author discusses how adolescents visualize texts and what happens when they share their visualizations. In sharing their visualizations, the adolescents were sharing how they “see” people and the world, and why they see that way. The author argues for a different kind of reading instruction, one in which reading strategies are seen as resources to be used for exploring written texts and texts of students' lives.
Calcium upregulated survivin expression and associated osteogenesis of normal human osteoblasts
Authors: Ortiz Jan , Chou Laisheng Lee 
Published: April 2012

AbstractSurvivin is an antiapoptotic protein expressed in all phases of the normal cell cycle but is at its highest level during the G2/M interphase. This protein has been recently identified in normal human osteoblasts and has raised questions about the regulation of its expression. This study intends to verify if survivin expression could be manipulated by external factors such as calcium ions. Normal human alveolar bone explants recovered from six healthy donors were cultured to 2nd passage. Cells were cultured with essential medium as a control and with medium containing supplemental calcium ions at a concentration of 30 parts per million as a study group. Vitamin D3 was added to all culture groups at the 5th and 18th days to promote differentiation. Differentiation markers were confirmed by performing mineralization, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and osteocalcin assays at 7 and 21 days. Cell attachment was measured at 16 h and used as a reference for cell proliferation at 7 days and 21 days. Survivin levels were measured at 16 h, 7 and 21 days. Compared with the control group, the study group presented a significant increase of survivin expression at 16 h (p < 0.01), at 7 days (p < 0.01), and at 21 days (p < 0.05), a significant increase of cell proliferation, ALP activity and mineralization at 7 days (p < 0.05) and 21 days (p < 0.05), and a significant increase in osteocalcin expression only at 21 days (p < 0.01). This study demonstrated that survivin expression could be significantly upregulated by calcium‐enhanced normal human osteoblast cultures, which might correlate to subsequent upregulation of cell proliferation and differentiation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2012.
Poly(propylene fumarate) reinforced dicalcium phosphate dihydrate cement composites for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Alge Daniel L. , Bennett Jeffrey , Treasure Trevor , Voytik‐Harbin Sherry , Goebel W. Scott , Chu Tien‐Min Gabriel 
Published: April 2012

AbstractCalcium phosphate cements have many desirable properties for bone tissue engineering, including osteoconductivity, resorbability, and amenability to rapid prototyping‐based methods for scaffold fabrication. In this study, we show that dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) cements, which are highly resorbable but also inherently weak and brittle, can be reinforced with poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF) to produce strong composites with mechanical properties suitable for bone tissue engineering. Characterization of DCPD–PPF composites revealed significant improvements in mechanical properties for cements with a 1.0 powder to liquid ratio. Compared with nonreinforced controls, flexural strength improved from 1.80 ± 0.19 MPa to 16.14 ± 1.70 MPa, flexural modulus increased from 1073.01 ± 158.40 MPa to 1303.91 ± 110.41 MPa, maximum displacement during testing increased from 0.11 ± 0.04 mm to 0.51 ± 0.09 mm, and work of fracture improved from 2.74 ± 0.78 J/m2 to 249.21 ± 81.64 J/m2. To demonstrate the utility of our approach for scaffold fabrication, 3D macroporous scaffolds were prepared with rapid prototyping technology. Compressive testing revealed that PPF reinforcement increased scaffold strength from 0.31 ± 0.06 MPa to 7.48 ± 0.77 MPa. Finally, 3D PPF–DCPD scaffolds were implanted into calvarial defects in rabbits for 6 weeks. Although the addition of mesenchymal stem cells to the scaffolds did not significantly improve the extent of regeneration, numerous bone nodules with active osteoblasts were observed within the scaffold pores, especially in the peripheral regions. Overall, the results of this study suggest that PPF–DCPD composites may be promising scaffold materials for bone tissue engineering. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2012.
Plasma expanders stabilize human microvessels in microfluidic scaffolds
Authors: Leung Alexander D. , Wong Keith H. K. , Tien Joe 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPlasma expanders such as dextran and hydroxyethyl starch (HES) are important components of solutions designed to maintain vascular volume in the clinical setting and to preserve organs ex vivo before transplantation. Here, we show that these polymers also exert stabilizing effects on engineered microvessels in microfluidic type I collagen and fibrin scaffolds. Standard growth media, which did not contain dextran or HES, led to severe leakage, vascular collapse, and catastrophic failure of perfusion. Remarkably, vessels that were provided with 3% dextran or 5% HES had few focal leaks, maintained adhesion to the scaffold, and were typically viable and patent for at least 2 weeks. We found that the junctional marker VE‐cadherin localized to a wide band in the presence of plasma expanders, but only at concentrations that also stabilized vessels. In conjunction with a previous computational model (Wong et al., Biomaterials 2010;31:4706–4714), our results suggest that plasma expanders stabilize microvessels via physical mechanisms that enhance VE‐cadherin localization at junctions and thereby limit vascular leakiness. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2012.
Transformation of low‐molecular linear caprolactam oligomers by caprolactam‐degrading bacteria
Authors: Esikova Tatiana , Ponamoreva Olga , Baskunov Boris , Taran Serge , Boronin Alexander 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Wastes generated in production of caprolactam (2‐oxohexamethylenimine, ε‐caprolactam) and caprolactam‐based polymers contain the unreacted monomer and its low‐molecular linear and cyclic oligomers. Application of microorganisms for biological treatment of caprolactam‐ and oligomer‐containing wastes can become an alternative to existing waste utilization methods. This work investigated the transformation of caprolactam low‐molecular linear oligomers by caprolactam‐degrading bacteria bearing degradative plasmids (CAP plasmids).RESULTS Based on mass spectrometry data, a scheme for the biotransformation of caprolactam linear oligomers is proposed. Oxidative transamination to corresponding dicarboxylic acids can be one of the transformation mechanisms. Oxidative transamination occurs due to a broad substrate specificity of the caprolactam catabolism key enzymes 2‐oxoglutarate‐6‐aminohexanoate transaminase (EC.2.6.1‐) and 6‐oxohexanoate dehydrogenase (EC.1.2.1.63) whose synthesis is determined by CAP plasmids. Incubation of cells 2.0–3.0 × 109 CFU mL−1 of strains with various plasmid‐bacterial host combinations in 2 mmol L−1 solution of a dimer for 96 h leads to its almost complete transformation to a corresponding dicarboxylic acid. The dynamics of the process largely depends on the host strain.CONCLUSION: Deamination of oligomers in their transformation by the enzyme systems of caprolactam‐degrading bacteria can substitute the chemical methods of pretreating caprolactam‐ and oligomer‐containing wastes for their subsequent biological purification. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Kinetic and thermodynamic investigation of Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis fed‐batch cultivation in a tubular photobioreactor using urea as nitrogen source
Authors: Morocho Jácome Ana Lucía , Converti Attilio , Sato Sunao , Monteiro de Carvalho João Carlos 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Fed‐batch culture allows the cultivation of Arthrospira platensis using urea as nitrogen source. Tubular photobioreactors substantially increase cell growth, but the successful use of this cheap nitrogen source requires a knowledge of the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of the process. This work aims at identifying the effect of two independent variables, temperature (T) and urea daily molar flow‐rate (U), on cell growth, biomass composition and thermodynamic parameters involved in this photosynthetic cultivation.RESULTS: The optimal values obtained were T = 32 °C and U = 1.16 mmol L−1 d−1, under which the maximum cell concentration was 4186 ± 39 mg L−1, cell productivity 541 ± 5 mg L−1 d−1 and yield of biomass on nitrogen 14.3 ± 0.1 mg mg−1. Applying an Arrhenius‐type approach, the thermodynamic parameters of growth (ΔH* = 98.2 kJ mol−1; ΔS* = − 0.020 kJ mol−1 K−1; ΔG* = 104.1 kJ mol−1) and its thermal inactivation (${\Delta}H_{D}^{o} = 168.9$ kJ mol−1; ${\Delta}S_{D}^{o} = 0.459$ kJ mol−1 K−1; ${\Delta}G_{D}^{o} = 31.98$ kJ mol−1) were estimated.CONCLUSIONS: To maximize cell growth T and U were simultaneously optimized. Biomass lipid content was not influenced by the experimental conditions, while protein content was dependent on both independent variables. Using urea as nitrogen source prevented the inhibitory effect already observed with ammonium salts. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Oxalate decarboxylase of Trametes versicolor: biochemical characterization and performance in bleaching filtrates from the pulp and paper industry
Authors: Winestrand Sandra , Gandla Madhavi Latha , Hong Feng , Chen Qi Zhi , Jönsson Leif J. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Oxalate decarboxylase (ODC) from acid‐induced cultures of the white‐rot fungus Trametes versicolor was purified and characterized with respect to its biochemical properties and the possibility to utilize the enzyme for treatment of process water with the intention to prevent problems with calcium‐oxalate scaling in the pulp and paper industry.RESULTS: Purified T. versicolor ODC was identified by tandem mass spectrometry. As estimated by using SDS‐PAGE, the molecular mass was 69 kDa, and 60 kDa after deglycosylation with N‐glycosidase F. The pH optimum was 2.5 and the temperature optimum was 40–45 °C. The effects of ten potential inhibitors in industrial filtrates were examined. The enzyme was sensitive to low concentrations (0.1 mmol L−1) of chlorite and sulfite. T. versicolor ODC exhibited activity in 16 filtrates collected from mechanical pulping and kraft pulping. It had higher activity than ODC from Aspergillus niger in all of the filtrates and higher activity than oxalate oxidase from barley in all filtrates except two.CONCLUSIONS: The investigation shows basic biochemical properties of T. versicolor ODC and indicates that the enzyme may be useful for treatment of industrial filtrates under acidic conditions. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
A partnered approach to QA increases efficiency through early problem detection
Authors: Rubin Eileen Newman 
Published: April 2012

AbstractOver the years, organizational leaders have employed a variety of process and product quality assurance (PPQA) programs to reduce costs and improve the quality of their operations. Each has its advantages and disadvantages. A new approach, partnering, combines the best of these strategies to increase organizational effectiveness while enabling flexibility. As one software unit at a defense contractor discovered, the strength of this technique lies in its emphasis on encouraging personnel to detect problems early in a process or product life cycle, when they can be most easily addressed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multinationals' priorities may distort ISO standards in Chinese subsidiaries
Authors: Anglès Valérie 
Published: April 2012

AbstractStandardized systems of management are looked to as universal references for business practitioners. Yet, studies of the ISO 9000 management system in China have shown that it is often not internalized or becomes distorted in the subsidiaries of multinational enterprises. Based on 36 interviews from 20 European subsidiaries of multinational enterprises, and three interviews with representatives of the main European certification bodies, this article highlights some of the underlying causes of the apparent misrepresentation of ISO 9000. It presents a typology of ISO 9000 adoption and distortion based on the social and organizational institutional context, showing the cognitive, normative, and regulative aspects, as well as the influence of learning priorities and organizational logic. The results reveal that the mistaken perception that ISO 9000 is a product guarantee is not only widespread in China, but even affects the way in which laws are formulated there. They also show that a multinational's own organizational priorities and logic can play a key role in this phenomenon. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comprehensive review of the diagnosis and treatment of biliary tract cancer 2012. PART I: Diagnosis‐clinical staging and pathology
Authors: Marsh Robert de W , Alonzo Marc , Bajaj Shailesh , Baker Marshall , Elton Eric , Farrell Thomas A , Gore Richard M , Hall Curtis , Nowak Jan , Roy Hemant , Shaikh Arif , Talamonti Mark S. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBiliary tract cancers (gallbladder cancer, intra‐ and extra‐hepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and selected periampullary cancers) accounted for 12,760 new cases of cancer in the USA in 2010. These tumors have a dismal prognosis with most patients presenting with advanced disease. Early, accurate diagnosis is essential, both for potential cure where possible and for optimal palliative therapy in all others. This review examines the currently available and emerging technologies for diagnosis and treatment of this group of diseases. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 106:332–338. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.