bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrievable Gunther Tulip inferior vena cava filter: Experience in 317 patients
Authors: Given MF , McDonald BC , Brookfield P , Niggemeyer L , Kossmann T , Varma DK , Thomson KR , Lyon SM 
Published: September 2009

SummaryThe aim of our study was to assess our experience with the retrievable Gunther Tulip (GT) inferior vena cava (IVC) filter, with regard to its insertion, efficacy, ease of placement and retrieval, and associated complications. Between November 2001 and October 2005, 322 GT filters were placed in 317 patients. Insertion indications included the following: pulmonary embolus (PE) prophylaxis in trauma patients (n = 232), PE prophylaxis in perioperative patients (n = 27), PE prophylaxis in moribund intensive care unit patients (n = 22), recent PE (n = 48), extensive deep venous thrombosis (n = 66), contraindication to anticoagulation (n = 63), anticoagulation complication (n = 8) and deep venous thrombosis with failed anticoagulation (n = 8). Some patients had more than one indication for caval filter placement. Two hundred and five attempted retrievals have been carried out, with 15 failures. Our successful retrieval rate is 92%. Nineteen filters were originally inserted permanently. There have been three minor complications associated with insertion and five with retrieval. The mean time from filter insertion to attempted retrieval was 76.95 days. The ideal filter implantation time gives the patient the benefit of PE protection, while avoiding the long‐term risks associated with caval filters. Although GT retrieval times have lengthened considerably, our data suggest that this is at the expense of successful retrieval rates.
Desmoplastic fibroma in humerus
Authors: Apaydin M , Gelal F , Avci A , Adinas C , Sarsilmaz A , Varer M 
Published: September 2009

SummaryDesmoplastic fibroma of the bone is a very rare benign tumour, which may be locally aggressive. We report X‐ray radiographic and MRI findings of a case of desmoplastic fibroma of the humerus in a 33‐year‐old man who presented with a slowly enlarging arm mass over years. Desmoid fibroma should be taken into consideration in case of a low T2 signal in a non‐sclerotic fibroosseous lesion.
Resuscitation skills for radiologists: A short paper
Authors: Pitman AG , Van Dijk J , Cunningham NJ 
Published: September 2009

SummaryThe radiologist is likely to be the first medical practitioner on the scene for contrast reactions, anaphylaxis and other common medical emergencies that occur in radiology departments and stand‐alone practices. Until 2007, the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists (RANZCR) did not provide resuscitation training as a CPD service for fellows, and the need for such a service has not been gauged. In 2007, the authors ran the first RANZCR large‐group resuscitation refresher training workshop at the Melbourne 2007 annual scientific meeting. The workshop maximized audience participation and knowledge transfer in a constrained time, disseminated guidelines, and collected feedback on the need for further resuscitation training for radiologists. Of the 100 feedback forms, 82 were returned. All the 82 responses wanted the workshop repeated at future annual scientific meetings, and 71 wanted RANZCR to provide hands‐on refresher training. Sixty‐six responders indicated when they had their most recent resuscitation training: six in the past 12 months, 25 in the past 3 years and 35 longer than 3 years. Sixty‐nine responded on availability of resuscitation training at their workplace: 33 indicated ‘Yes’ and 36 ‘No’. There is a definite need to provide resuscitation training for radiologists in Australia. At the end of this article, we reproduce the currently applicable guidelines as a service to our readers.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the staging of cervical carcinoma: A pictorial review
Authors: Smith GEC , Gormly KLM 
Published: September 2009

SummaryThe purposes of diagnostic imaging in cervical carcinoma are to determine the size and extent of the tumour for accurate staging and to establish lymph node status. Historically, cervical tumours were staged by clinical examination and by examination under anaesthesia according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics staging system. This system does not incorporate imaging findings or lymph node status, but it is now accepted that cross‐sectional imaging, and in particular MRI, has an important role to play in the staging of these tumours. We carried out an audit of all patients having a staging MRI for suspected cervical carcinoma in South Australia and the Northern Territory for 2 years from January 2005. This was the first time the clinicians had been offered routine MRI, and despite the strong supporting published reports, they had some reservations about its performance. Our audit covered a wide range of tumour stages and provided a good teaching resource for radiologists and clinicians alike.
Tumour and tumour‐like lesions of the intercondylar notch of the knee: A pictorial review
Authors: Li PKL , James SLJ , Davies AM 
Published: September 2009

SummaryA variety of tumours and tumour‐like lesions are found in the intercondylar notch of the knee. MR imaging is the technique of choice in evaluating these conditions. Correlation with radiographs is important to identify those lesions containing calcification. This review article discusses the imaging features of tumour and tumour‐like lesions involving the intercondylar notch with an emphasis on MR imaging features that suggest a specific diagnosis.
Twisted tail: Spinal epidural lipomatosis responding to chemotherapy in a patient with non‐small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Nasoodi A , McAleese J , Grey A , Stranex S 
Published: September 2009

SummarySpinal epidural lipomatosis is a rare condition, described in corticoadrenal hyperactivity. It is most commonly seen in association with steroid administration and occasionally with Cushing’s syndrome. This is the first case report of spinal epidural lipomatosis as presenting finding in a patient with non‐small‐cell lung carcinoma without any evidence of endogenous or exogenous hypercortisolism. The additional interesting feature is the paraneoplastic behaviour of this condition and even more interestingly its resolution following chemo‐treatment of the primary cancer. Spinal epidural lipomatosis is a benign condition, which must be considered in the differential diagnosis of spinal cord compression in this category of patients. Its pathophysiology remains to be discovered in future.
Numerical simulation of rotating bending process for U‐tubes in heat exchangers
Authors: KIM H.‐S. , JIN T.‐E. , CHANG Y.‐S. , KIM Y.‐J. 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACTHeat exchangers comprise thousands of tubes having U‐shaped portions. Rotating bending method has been widely utilized to make U‐bends. Although this method shows an excellent performance, cracks have been frequently detected in the U‐bends due to residual stresses induced by bending. In this paper, the bending process is simulated based on elastic–plastic finite element analyses in order to investigate the magnitude and distribution of the residual stresses including the effects of operating pressure. Analyses results show that the residual stress increases as the radius of U‐bend decreases and that operating pressure has a detrimental effect in terms of stress corrosion cracking at the intrados of U‐bend. It is thought that these results can be utilized for the estimations of fracture mechanics parameters such as limit load, stress intensity factor and J‐integral, prevention of the cracking, and establishment of the optimum inspection strategy for the heat exchanger tubes.
Changes in mechanical properties of vehicle components after strengthening under low‐amplitude loads below the fatigue limit
Authors: XI L. , SONGLIN Z. 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACTChanges in the mechanical properties of vehicle components were investigated after strengthening under low‐amplitude loads below the fatigue limit (SLAL). The strengths of vehicle components including fatigue strength, static strength and yield strength were significantly increased by SLAL. The surface hardness of the front axle, composed of a kind of low strength steel without heat treatment, was enhanced with increased strengthening and damaging. The change of surface hardness was reversed completely for the transmission gear, composed of a kind of high strength steel with surface heat treatment. The natural frequency of the transmission gear was appreciably increased by SLAL.
Instant Caching for Interactive Global Illumination
Authors: Debattista K. , Dubla P. , Banterle F. , Santos L.P. , Chalmers A. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract The ability to interactively render dynamic scenes with global illumination is one of the main challenges in computer graphics. The improvement in performance of interactive ray tracing brought about by significant advances in hardware and careful exploitation of coherence has rendered the potential of interactive global illumination a reality. However, the simulation of complex light transport phenomena, such as diffuse interreflections, is still quite costly to compute in real time. In this paper we present a caching scheme, termed Instant Caching, based on a combination of irradiance caching and instant radiosity. By reutilising calculations from neighbouring computations this results in a speedup over previous instant radiosity‐based approaches. Additionally, temporal coherence is exploited by identifying which computations have been invalidated due to geometric transformations and updating only those paths. The exploitation of spatial and temporal coherence allows us to achieve superior frame rates for interactive global illumination within dynamic scenes, without any precomputation or quality loss when compared to previous methods; handling of lighting and material changes are also demonstrated.
FDI, Growth and the Asian Financial Crisis: The Experience of Selected Asian Countries
Authors: Thangavelu Shandre M. , Wei Yong Yik , Chongvilaivan Aekapol 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis paper studies the trends in foreign direct investment (FDI) flows into selected South‐East Asian and East Asian economies after the Asian crisis. Empirical evidence indicates that South‐East and East Asian economies are recovering from the Asian crisis with strong output growth driven largely by export growth. However, output growth in the post‐crisis period is also accompanied by rising unemployment rates, growing government deficits, and declining FDI inflows into the South‐East Asian region. The declining FDI inflows into South‐East Asia after the crisis is of concern, as our empirical results show that FDI is important for output growth in the region. Our results also suggest that there might have been structural changes in the regional economies that could have led to a downward shift in the output growth of Asian economies in the post‐crisis period. This raises the issue of the sustainability of their output growth in the post‐crisis period.
The Economic Impacts of Turkish Accession to the European Union
Authors: Philippidis George , Karaca Orhan 
Published: September 2009

AbstractHalf a century has passed and Turkey is no further toward achieving EU membership. Under the mandate of the Barcelona Declaration, EU–Turkish industrial tariffs will be abolished, whilst agro‐food protectionism remains largely intact. Consequently, the direct impacts from a hypothetical EU accession scenario will be concentrated in agro‐food sectors, whilst their share of economic output in Turkey implies ‘secondary’ macro impacts.To this end, a computable general equilibrium (CGE) framework is employed to quantitatively reassess full Turkish accession. Unlike previous CGE studies, agriculture, fishing and food sectors are disaggregated, whilst significant advancements to the ‘standard’ model code are incorporated to capture the vagaries of agricultural factor, input and product markets. In addition, a realistic ‘baseline’ scenario is constructed including ‘up to date’ trade and domestic agricultural policy reforms prior to Turkish entry to the EU.The results show that trade‐led gains in Turkey are moderated due to tariff liberalisation prior to EU entry, whilst Turkey receives significant budgetary transfers from the CAP budget, which are ‘mirrored’ as EU‐27 costs. With additional migration effects, Turkish (EU‐27) production possibilities fall (rise), whilst real income per capita rises (falls).
A Mirror for God and for Us: Christology and Exegesis in Calvin's Doctrine of Election
Authors: GIBSON DAVID 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAlthough John Calvin's doctrine of election is often criticized, it remains seriously under‐described in both content and form. By attending to one strand of its content (Christ and election), and one persistently unappreciated aspect of its form (exegesis), this article attempts a substantial construal of the doctrine in Calvin's theology. It aims to show that, for Calvin, Christ is the subject of election in that he is its author, and Christ is the object of election in that he mediates both election itself and the salvation which flows from election. The focus on Calvin's exegesis of election and Christology establishes contact points with some important theological concerns: Karl Barth's reading of Calvin; election and the extra Calvinisticum; and ‘christocentrism’ in Calvin's theology.
Imputation as Attribution: Union with Christ, Reification and Justification as Declarative Word
Authors: GARCIA MARK A. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractCalvin's integration of the christological features of the eucharistic controversy with soteriological questions in his refutation of Andreas Osiander marks a critical development in Reformed theology. In this article, that development is extended further in reconsideration of the nature of imputation as a linguistic action. It is argued that imputation is a soteriological corollary of the christological idea of attribution. Imputation thus conceived clarifies not only how it is located within the doctrine of union with Christ, but how that union and imputation provide clarity in ongoing discussions about reification of sin and righteousness as well as the nature of justification as a declarative word.
Treatment of periorbital wrinkles by repeated medium‐depth chemical peels in dark‐skinned individuals
Authors: Kadhim K A , Al‐Waiz M 
Published: September 2009

SummaryBackground  The periorbital region serves as a barometer of chronological and environmental age and, as such, persons often seek its cosmetic rejuvenation.Objective  This study was conducted to determine the efficacy and safety of repeated, medium‐depth chemical peels in the treatment of periorbital wrinkles in dark‐skinned individuals.Subjects and methods  A total of 12 subjects (10 women and 2 men) with fine and/or medium‐sized wrinkles were included in the study, the ages ranged from 30 to 55 years with a mean of 41.25. Focal, medium‐depth peels of periorbital area including crow's foot wrinkles were performed using a combination of Jessner's solution followed by the application of 35% trichloroacetic acid (TCA). The study involved a four‐session regimen. To be included in this study, the subject completed at least two peeling sessions, 1 month apart, and returned for follow‐up according to the research schedule.Results  Improvement occurred in 11 of 12 subjects. Marked improvement occurred in four subjects (33%), moderate improvement in three (25%), mild improvement in another three (25%), minimal improvement in one subject (8%), and no response in one subject (8%). There were seven patients with fine and five with medium periorbital wrinkles. For statistical analysis, the no and minimum response groups were categorized as nonresponders. The improvement that ranged between marked to mild occurred in 100% of subjects with fine wrinkles and 60% of subjects with medium wrinkles. Mild side effects appeared in four subjects (33%).Conclusion  It can be concluded that fine and/or medium periorbital wrinkling responds favorably to repeated, medium‐depth chemical peels even in dark‐skinned individuals with few mild side effects.
Efficacy of a new antidandruff thermophobic foam: a randomized, controlled, investigator‐blinded trial vs. ketoconazole 2% scalp fluid
Authors: Quadri G , Cavallero W , Milani M 
Published: September 2009

SummaryBackground  Ketoconazole (K), zinc pyrithione (ZP), and salicylic acid (SA) are compounds active in the treatment of dandruff. A thermophobic foam formulation containing K 1%, ZP 0.5%, and SA 2% is now available.Study aim  To compare the efficacy of thermo phobic foam with K 2% scalp fluid in the treatment of moderate to severe dandruff.Patients and methods  In a randomized, prospective, parallel‐group, investigator‐blinded, 4‐week treatment trial, a total of 54 patients (mean age 43 ± 8 years) were enrolled. Foam (F group) (n = 37) or K 2% scalp fluid (SF group) (n = 17) was applied daily for 7 days and twice weekly for 3 weeks thereafter. Clinical assessment of the total dandruff severity score (TDSS) was performed at baseline, after 2 and 4 weeks. The TDSS was calculated using a four‐grade quantitative score (0 = no dandruff; 3 = severe dandruff) dividing the scalp area into four zones and adding the single score for each area.Results  At baseline, TDSS was 7.1 ± 2 and 5.1 ± 1 in the F and SF groups, respectively. At the end of treatment period, beneficial effects were observed in both groups. The TDSS was reduced to 2.5 ± 1 in the F group and to 3.7 ± 1.2 in the SF group (mean difference in favor of F group: −1.2; 95% CI: –0.57 to −1.8) (P = 0.0003). A complete or nearly complete resolution of dandruff was observed in 24 out of 37 (64%: 95%CI: 48–77%) in the F group and in 7 out of 17 (41%: 95% CI: 21–64%) in the SF group (P = 0.06 between groups).Conclusions  This new antidandruff thermophobic foam has shown to be more effective than ketoconazole 2% scalp fluid in the treatment of severe dandruff.
Evaluation of the ultrasound influence in the cutaneous penetration of d‐panthenol: test in vitro
Authors: Zague V , Polacow M L O , Pires‐de‐Campos M S M , Leonardi G R 
Published: September 2009

SummaryBackground  d‐panthenol is a popular additive in cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations. However, in order for this vitamin to provide skin benefits, it must penetrate the stratum corneum.Objective  To verify the penetrability of d‐panthenol in the skin and evaluate the effect of ultrasound on the cutaneous penetration of this vitamin.Methods  The diffusion cell technique with pig skin as the membrane, distilled water as the receptor solution, and a hydrophilic d‐panthenol gel were used for the research. The experimental groups were gel + d‐panthenol (10%) and gel + d‐panthenol (10%) + ultrasound. The receptor solution was collected at predetermined times and the amount of d‐panthenol was determined by using a spectrophotometer at 406 nm.Results  Ultrasound resulted in a statistically significant increase (P < 0.05) in the penetration of d‐panthenol at 2, 60, and 240 min.Conclusion  d‐panthenol penetration through the pig's skin is enhanced through the use of ultrasound.
Corruption in Africa – Part 2
Authors: Mbaku John Mukum 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIn order to succeed in minimizing corruption in the African countries, one must start by examining the nature of institutional arrangements in each country with a review to modifying them. This calls for the reconstruction and reconstitution of the post‐colonial state through democratic constitution making to provide a new set of laws and institutions that reflects the values of each country’s relevant stakeholders. Most of today’s African countries have incentive structures, which actually encourage and enhance corruption. Increasing government intervention in the market‐place is not likely to reduce corruption as the evidence from more than 50 years of government attempts to control venality in Africa’s public sectors shows. The most effective way to deal with corruption in Africa is to engage the people in comprehensive institutional reforms that modify existing incentives and produce new ones, which are capable of successfully inducing participants in both political and economic markets to undertake only activities that produce the outcomes desired by society. Thus, to cleanup corruption from the African economies, improve both productive and allocative efficiency, and generally enhance development, national leaders must engage their people in democratic institutional reforms to provide society with transparent, accountable, and participatory governance structures.
Bartolomé de las Casas and the African Slave Trade
Authors: Clayton Lawrence 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA revisionist view of Bartolomé de las Casas as the ‘author’ of the introduction of African slaves to the Indies/Americas in the early 16th century. The article details Las Casas’ thinking and actions and concludes that while Las Casas did—among other contemporaries—suggest the importation of African slaves to lift the burden of oppression off the Amerindians, his perspective and view was altered radically in the last third of his life. The article explores the meaning of African slavery in the context of the place and time where Las Casas grew up—Andalucia in southern Spain—where slavery was quite different from the way it developed on the plantations of the Americas. And the article relates how Las Casas’ theoretical and practical defense of Amerindians eventually was extended by Las Casas’ into a defense of liberty for all men, including African slaves.
Z and Mmalton‐1‐antitrypsin deficiency‐associated hepatocellular carcinoma: a genetic study
Authors: Francalanci Paola , Santorelli Filippo M. , Saccani Simona , Bonetti Maria F. , Medicina Daniela , Coni Pierpaolo , Faa Gavino , Callea Francesco 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackground: The histological hallmark of α‐1‐antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is the presence of periodic acid‐Schiff diastase (PASD)‐resistant positive globules in hepatocytes, with a heterogeneous distribution. It is noteworthy that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) arises specifically from the AAT‐negative areas but the reason for this remains unclear.Aim: To determine whether the different distribution of AAT globules within neoplastic and non‐neoplastic hepatocytes is the result of a self‐induced correction of the genetic defect.Patients and Methods: Two HCV‐positive patients with AATD‐associated HCC were studied. One patient harboured a compound heterozygous PiSZ genotype whereas the other showed the rarer PiMMmalton in heterozygosity. In both cases, neoplastic hepatocytes appeared globule devoid, while non‐neoplastic hepatocytes showed intracytoplasmic accumulation of PASD‐positive globules. Laser‐assisted microdissection was used to assess a genotype/phenotype correlation in single liver cells from HCC and from non‐neoplastic hepatocytes.Results: Direct sequencing of DNA purified from globule‐devoid and globule‐filled hepatocytes demonstrated that all liver cells carried the same mutant genetic background.Conclusion: Our findings indicate that (i) both variants of HCC arising in AAT deficiency (Z and Mmalton) do not accumulate the mutant protein and (ii) the different phenotypic appearance of hepatocytes is not the result of a retromutation during neoplastic transformation, but other mechanisms should be investigated.