bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fatigue, vitality, sleep, and neurocognitive functioning in adult survivors of childhood cancer
Authors: Clanton Nancy R. , Klosky James L. , Li Chenghong , Jain Neelam , Srivastava Deo Kumar , Mulrooney Daniel , Zeltzer Lonnie , Stovall Marilyn , Robison Leslie L. , Krull Kevin R. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Long‐term survivors of childhood cancer are at risk for fatigue, sleep problems, and neurocognitive impairment, although the association between these outcomes has not been previously examined.METHODS:Outcomes were evaluated in 1426 survivors from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study using a validated Neurocognitive Questionnaire. Relative risks for neurocognitive impairment were calculated using demographic and treatment factors, and survivors' report on the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy‐Fatigue, the Short Form‐36 Vitality Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale.RESULTS:Neurocognitive impairment was identified in >20% of survivors, using sibling‐based norms for comparison. Multivariate logistic regression models revealed that fatigue (risk ratio [RR], 1.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13‐1.59), daytime sleepiness (RR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.55‐1.83), poor sleep quality (RR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.01‐1.49), and decreased vitality (RR, 1.75; 95% CI 1.33‐2.30) were all associated with impaired task efficiency. Likewise, fatigue (RR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.23‐2.55), sleepiness (RR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.14‐1.67), and decreased vitality (RR, 3.08; 95% CI, 1.98‐4.79) were predictive of emotional regulation problems. Diminished organization was associated with increased sleepiness (RR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.31‐2.48) and decreased vitality (RR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.37‐2.63). Impaired memory was associated with poor sleep quality (RR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.19‐1.76), increased sleepiness (RR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.63‐2.58), and decreased vitality (RR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.42‐2.86). The impact of fatigue, sleepiness, sleep quality, and vitality on neurocognitive outcomes was independent of the effects of cranial radiation therapy, steroids and antimetabolite chemotherapy, sex, and current age.CONCLUSIONS:Neurocognitive function in long‐term survivors of childhood cancer appears particularly vulnerable to the effects of fatigue and sleep disruption. These findings suggest sleep hygiene should be emphasized among survivors, as it may provide an additional mechanism for intervention to improve neurocognitive outcomes. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Consciousness in culture‐based conflict and conflict resolution
Authors: Nan Susan Allen 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis article makes the case for bringing theory of consciousness to the understanding of individual transformation in conflict resolution practice. It does so by highlighting consciousness engaged explicitly and implicitly in many conflict resolution practices and consciousness dynamics considered in the emerging literature by conflict resolution practitioners. In particular, increasing awareness, consciousness structures, shifts in consciousness, transitional space, and embodied engagement are useful frameworks for understanding individual transformation within conflict resolution processes. The article concludes that the study of conflict resolution is incomplete without consideration of consciousness in conflict and conflict resolution. Furthermore, formally engaging consciousness dynamics as part of the study of conflict resolution holds promise for improving conflict resolution practice.
Dealing with conflicts after the conflict: European and indigenous approaches to conflict transformation in East Timor
Authors: Loch Alexander , Prueller Vanessa 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe East Timor conflict appeared to be resolved in 1999 by a referendum; however, the fragile state has experienced various new conflicts over the last years. The indigenous perspective on the postconflict dynamics considers conflicts as caused by disharmony between the world of the living and the dead. Numerous international actors in East Timor have a fundamentally different understanding and try to resolve the tensions in the country through measures such as trauma workshops or poverty reduction programs. The conceptual challenge is an integration of modern and traditional approaches for conflict transformation at the various levels where new conflicts arise.
Stability of mitochondrial DNA against reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in diabetes
Authors: Savu Octavian , Sunkari Vivekananda Gupta , Botusan Ileana Ruxandra , Grünler Jacob , Nikoshkov Andrej , Catrina Sergiu‐Bogdan 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackgroundIncreased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitochondria has been proposed as the pathogenic mechanism for chronic complications of diabetes. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is more vulnerable to reactive oxygen species. However, there are few data on the mitochondrial DNA damage in diabetes and these are available only from patients with different duration of the disease and tissues not relevant to the chronic complications of diabetes. We therefore proposed to study the stability of mitochondrial DNA under controlled experimental conditions, to understand its contribution to chronic complications of diabetes.MethodsThe mitochondrial DNA damage was evaluated by long‐fragment polymerase chain reaction in human dermal fibroblasts exposed to high glucose level and hypoxia (an additional source of reactive oxygen species) or in organs from diabetic animals (db/db mice) at different ages. Reactive oxygen species production was assessed in vitro by fluorescence and in vivo by nitrosylation of the proteins. The antioxidant enzymes were assessed by enzyme activity and by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction while the mitochondrial repair activity (base excision repair) was determined by using abasic site‐containing oligonucleotides as substrates.ResultsHyperglycaemia, when combined with hypoxia, is able to induce mitochondrial DNA damage in human dermal fibroblasts. The deleterious effect is mediated by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, being abolished when the mitochondria electron transport is blocked. The accumulation of mitochondrial DNA damage in vivo is, however, decreased in ‘old’ diabetic animals (db/db) despite higher reactive oxygen species levels. This mitochondrial DNA protection might be conferred by an increased base excision repair activity.ConclusionIncreased base excision repair activity in tissues affected by the chronic complications of diabetes is a potential mechanism that can overcome mitochondrial DNA damage induced by hyperglycaemia‐related reactive oxygen species overproduction. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oral anti‐CD3 monoclonal antibody delays diabetes in non‐obese diabetic (NOD) mice: effects on pregnancy and offspring—a preliminary report
Authors: Bevier Wendy C. , Trujillo Angelina L. , Primbs George B. , Bradley Maia K. , Jovanovič Lois 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe objective was to observe the effect of oral anti‐CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) on non‐obese diabetic mice, pregnancy, and offspring.MethodsThree protocols are classified as: (1) Twenty non‐obese diabetic/ShiLtJ female mice were monitored for type 1 diabetes mellitus. If the blood glucose level was ≥ 250 mg/dL, the mice were treated for 8 days with either 50 or 100 µg oral anti‐CD3 monoclonal antibody. If the diabetes resolved, the mice were bred. (2) F1 offspring were monitored for diabetes; 15 female mice became diabetic. Non‐diabetic F1 female mice were divided into two groups [ten antibody (Ab) and ten control (C)] and bred. Ab female mice were given 100 µg monoclonal antibody before diabetes development and during pregnancy for 6 weeks. (3) Twenty‐five F2 Ab and 23 F2 C mice were monitored. At 15–17 weeks, Ab mice, both female and male, were given 100 µg monoclonal antibody for 8 weeks.Results(1) The diabetes in four female mice treated with 50 µg did not resolve; in three of the six diabetic female mice treated with 100 µg, the diabetes resolved and the mice were bred. The remaining ten non‐diabetic female mice were given 100 µg oral monoclonal antibody and then bred. No diabetes developed during pregnancy; 13 litters were born. (2) Three diabetic Ab female mice sustained their pregnancies versus one diabetic C female mouse (p ≤ 0.05). (3) At 30 weeks, six Ab female and three Ab male mice and seven C female and three C male mice developed diabetes. The number of diabetic Ab and C mice was not different; diagnosis age was significantly different—Ab 23.3 ± 5.1 and C 18.8 ± 3.7 weeks (p ≤ 0.05).ConclusionsIn female non‐obese diabetic mice, oral anti‐CD3 monoclonal antibody was effective in reversing diabetes and allowing pregnancy and extending longevity, but it did not prevent diabetes in the offspring. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Insulin secretion is decreased in non‐diabetic individuals with hypomagnesaemia
Authors: Rodríguez‐Morán Martha , Guerrero‐Romero Fernando 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackgroundMagnesium modulates insulin‐mediated glucose uptake but data regarding its role in insulin secretion are scarce; therefore, in this study we determined whether decreased serum magnesium levels are associated with the impairment of insulin secretion in non‐diabetic individuals.MethodsA total of 182 apparently healthy subjects, men and non‐pregnant women, 18–65 years of age, were enrolled in a population‐based cross‐sectional study and allocated to groups with hypomagnesaemia and normomagnesaemia. The groups in the study were subsequently stratified according to glucose status: normal glucose tolerance, impaired fasting glucose, and impaired glucose tolerance. Insulin secretion was evaluated by the first and second phases of insulin secretion.ResultsThe Spearman coefficient between serum magnesium and the first and second phases of insulin secretion showed a significant positive correlation in the overall (r = 0.265, p < 0.0005; r = 0.541, p < 0.0005), normal glucose tolerance (r = 0.369, p = 0.001; r = 0.618, p < 0.0005), impaired fasting glucose (r = 0.320, p = 0.02; r = 0.449, p = 0.001), and impaired glucose tolerance (r = 0.129, p = 0.37; r = 0.522, p < 0.0005) groups.The multivariate linear regression analysis showed a significant association between serum magnesium levels and the first and second phases of insulin secretion: for the entire groups [B = 75.2; 95% confidence interval (CI) 27.6–122.7; B = 25.4; 95% CI 16.4–34.3], normal glucose tolerance (B = 129.6, 95% CI 38.1–221.1; B = 40.3, 95% CI 23.7–56.8), impaired fasting glucose (B = 75.2, 95% CI 27.6–122.7; B = 15.1, 95% CI 4.2–30.2), and impaired glucose tolerance (B = 57.4, 95% CI 23.5–138.3; B = 25.4, 95% CI 16.4–34.3) groups.ConclusionsOur results show that hypomagnesaemia is associated with the decrease of the first and second phases of insulin secretion in non‐diabetic subjects with hypomagnesaemia. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Digital filter design with state space method for 1‐bit signal processing based on delta‐sigma modulation
Authors: Ito Yuji , Doki Shinji , Okuma Sigeru 
Published: April 2011

AbstractOne‐bit signal processing based on delta‐sigma modulation has been studied for hardware implementation of signal processing systems. In the 1‐bit signal processing, finite word‐length problems such as overflow and coefficient quantization error occur. To solve the problems, a new design method with state space is proposed in this paper. Digital filters are designed to show the feasibility of the method. First, the L1/L2‐sensitivity is shown to evaluate coefficient quantization error and L2 scaling constraints to prevent overflow. Second, a state space equation is presented and the L1/L2‐sensitivity and L2‐scaling constraints are extended to take the filter structure and oversampling effects into account. Finally, the proposed method is shown to attain a higher SNR than conventional ones. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 175(4): 48–56, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21075
Novel voltage limiter for fast torque response of IPMSM in voltage saturation region
Authors: Lerdudomsak Smith , Doki Shinji , Okuma Shigeru 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA new voltage limiter for fast torque response of IPMSM in the voltage saturation region is proposed, which we name the “maximum torque response voltage limiter.” In transient condition, the fastest response is vital while voltage saturation occurs. Thus, the problem is to divide the limited voltage into d‐ and q‐axis voltages so as to generate the fastest torque response. The nonlinear relation between the torque and the d‐q axis currents of the IPMSM makes the problem complicated. In our proposed method, both voltage equations and a torque equation of the IPMSM are considered and, based on the Lagrange optimization technique, explicit expressions for the d‐ and q‐axis voltages are derived. Compared with conventional voltage limiters such as the constant phase angle method, the constant back emf method, and the constant d‐axis voltage method, the proposed limiter yields faster torque response in the voltage saturation region, which is confirmed by computer simulation and experimental results. Furthermore, the proposed method uses simple software calculations, and it can be readily implemented without any modification of the hardware system. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 175(4): 57–69, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21078
High frequency of autoantibody‐secreting cells and long‐lived plasma cells within inflamed kidneys of NZB/W F1 lupus mice
Authors: Starke Charlotte , Frey Silke , Wellmann Ute , Urbonaviciute Vilma , Herrmann Martin , Amann Kerstin , Schett Georg , Winkler Thomas , Voll Reinhard E. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAutoantibodies to double‐stranded (ds) DNA represent a serological hallmark of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and may critically contribute to the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis. Self‐reactive antibodies might be partially produced by long‐lived plasma cells (PCs), which mainly reside within the bone marrow and spleen. In contrast to short‐lived PCs, long‐lived PCs are extremely resistant to therapy and may sustain refractory disease courses. Recently, antibody‐secreting cells were found within the inflamed kidneys of New Zealand black/white (NZB/W) F1 lupus mice as well as of patients with SLE. To analyze the longevity of the IgG‐producing cells present in nephritic kidneys of NZB/W F1 mice we performed in vivo BrdU‐labeling. We identified a higher frequency of long‐lived than short‐lived renal PCs, indicating that survival niches for long‐lived PCs also exist within inflamed kidneys. Using ELISPOT assays, we found that on average 31% of renal IgG‐producing cells reacted with dsDNA and 24% with nucleolin. Moreover, the frequencies of IgG‐secreting cells specific for the autoantigens dsDNA and nucleolin were higher in the kidneys compared with those in the spleen and bone marrow.
ST2 deletion enhances innate and acquired immunity to murine mammary carcinoma
Authors: Jovanovic Ivan , Radosavljevic Gordana , Mitrovic Maja , Lisnic Juranic Vanda , McKenzie Andrew N. J. , Arsenijevic Nebojsa , Jonjic Stipan , Lukic Miodrag L. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractST2 is a member of the IL‐1 receptor family and IL‐33 was recently identified as its natural ligand. The IL‐33/ST2 pathway regulates Th1/Th2 immune responses in autoimmune and inflammatory conditions, but the role of ST2 signaling in tumor growth and metastasis has not been investigated. We aimed to investigate whether ST2 gene deletion affects tumor appearance, growth, and metastasis, and antitumor immunity in an experimental metastatic breast cancer model. Deletion of ST2 in BALB/c mice bearing mammary carcinoma attenuated tumor growth and metastasis, which was accompanied by increased serum levels of IL‐17, IFN‐γ, and TNF‐α and decreased IL‐4. Tumor‐bearing ST2−/− mice had significantly higher percentages of activated CD27highCD11bhigh NK cells, CD69+ and KLRG− NK cells and higher cytotoxic activity of splenocytes, NK cells, and CD8+ T cells in vitro. A significantly higher number of NK cells expressing IFN‐γ were found in ST2−/− mice compared with WT recipients. In vivo depletion of CD8+ or NK cells revealed a key role for NK cells in enhanced antitumor immunity in ST2−/− mice. We report for the first time that suppressed breast cancer progression and metastasis in mice lacking ST2 corresponds mainly with enhanced cytotoxic activity of NK cells, and increased systemic Th1/Th17 cytokines.
Electrochemiluminescent Behavior of Eosin Y and Its Application for Detection of Some Bioactive Molecules
Authors: Lin Yanyu , Dai Hong , Yang Caiping , Lin Shen , Chen Guonan 
Published: April 2011

AbstractHerein the electrochemiluminescent behavior of a promising and cheap electrochemiluminescence (ECL) luminophore, Eosin yellowish (2′,4′,5′,7′‐tetrabromofluorescein, EYH2), was investigated. A stable and strong ECL emission of Eosin yellowish could be achieved at electrochemical pretreated glassy carbon electrode in mild acidic media. Based on proposed stable cathodic ECL of Eosin yellowish on the electrochemically pretreated GCE, some important bioactive molecules, such as H2O2, guanine, adenine, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), uric acid and vitamin C, were found as enhanced coreactants towards the cathodic ECL of Eosin yellowish.
Analysis of Some Selected Persistent Organic Chlorinated Pesticides in Marine Water and Food Stuffs by Differential Pulse‐Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry
Authors: El‐Shahawi M. S. , Hamza A. , Bashammakh A. S. , Al‐Sibaai A. A. , Al‐Saggaf W. T. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBased on the redox characteristics of two selected organochlorine pesticides namely alachlor (ALC) and chlorfenvinphos (CHL) in Britton–Robinson (B–R) buffer at a hanging mercury drop, Pt and Au working electrode (HMDE), a fast, simple and selective differential pulse cathodic stripping voltammetric (DP CSV) method was developed for their determination. The cathodic stripping peak currents for ALC versus concentrations was linear in the range from 7.4×10−9 to 1.4×10−7 mol L−1 and in the range from 2.7×10−9 to 1.6×10−8 mol L−1 for CHL. The method was applied for the analysis of trace concentrations of ALC and CHL in fresh‐ and marine water (Atlantic and Red Sea) and sediment samples and food stuffs.
Determinatiom of 8‐Hydroxy 2′‐Deoxyguanosine Using Electrodes Modified with a Dispersion of Carbon Nanotubes in Polyethylenimine
Authors: Gutiérrez Alejandro , Gutiérrez Silvia , García Guadalupe , Galicia Laura , Rivas Gustavo A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractHydroxyl radicals easily oxidize biomolecules such as proteins and DNA. The most abundant oxidative product of DNA is 8‐hydroxy 2′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG) and this is considered a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage. This work studies the electrochemical behavior of 8‐OHdG on electrodes modified with carbon nanotubes dispersed in polyethylenimine. The technique of differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) enables quantification of 8‐OHdG in the presence of its major interferents, such as ascorbic acid and uric acid. We obtained linear calibration plots in the range from 5.0×10−7 M to 3.0×10−5 M, with detection limit (DL) of 1.0×10−7 M and the quantification limit (QL) of 3.0×10−7 M.
Integral vorticity transport method on an overset grid
Authors: Renjitham S. , Marshall J. S. 
Published: April 2011

SUMMARYWe present an overset grid method for solution of the integro‐differential vorticity–velocity formulation of the Navier–Stokes equations for two‐dimensional, incompressible flow. The method uses a body‐fitted inner grid, on which vorticity is evolved semi‐implicitly, and a Cartesian outer grid with explicit vorticity evolution. The Biot–Savart integral is solved using an adaptive, optimized multipole acceleration method. The Biot–Savart integration is performed over all inner grid cells, over all ‘active cells’ of the outer grid that lie entirely outside of the inner grid, and over sub‐elements of a set of ‘overhanging’ cells of the outer grid that overlap part of the inner grid. A novel method is developed using a level‐set distance function to rapidly and easily partition the overhanging grid cells, which is essential for the Biot–Savart integration in order to avoid double‐counting vorticity in the overhanging region. A similar decomposition into outer, inner and overhanging cells is used in solving for pressure using a boundary‐element formulation, which requires evaluation of an integral over the vorticity field using a method similar to that used for the Biot–Savart integral. The new overset grid method is applied to flow past stationary and moving bodies in two dimensions and found to agree well with prior experimental and numerical results. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The application of visible/near‐infrared reflectance (VNIR) spectroscopy to chert: A case study from the Dover Quarry sites, Tennessee
Authors: Parish Ryan Michael 
Published: April 2011

AbstractPrehistoric cultural material is commonly composed of chert, due in large part to its physical properties that are conducive to tool manufacture. Despite its ubiquity, archaeologists are faced with an arduous task when attempting to source chert artifacts to known quarries/deposits. The application of visible/near‐infrared reflectance (VNIR) spectroscopy to chert sourcing attains a cost‐efficient, fast, non‐destructive, and accurate means of identifying material type and geologic/geographic origin. This study examines the merits of VNIR spectroscopy within chert sourcing studies by highlighting a material‐based case study from the Dover Quarry sites, Tennessee. Results demonstrate the ability of VNIR spectroscopy to differentiate chert types from different geologic formations with 98% accuracy. However, accuracy significantly decreased when attempting to distinguish particular outcrops within the same formation. Although the application of VNIR spectroscopy to chert sourcing is in its experimental phase, the preliminary results compare favorably with other provenance techniques whose aim is to quantify inter‐outcrop variation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Micromorphology revealsin situMesolithic living floors and archaeological features in multiphase sites in central Sudan
Authors: Zerboni Andrea 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn the Khartoum region of central Sudan, Mesolithic sites were established on sandy ridges distributed along the Nile. Most of the excavations carried out in recent decades have revealed limited preserved archaeological structures or layers corresponding to subsequent phases of human presence due to the disturbance of the deposits. Post‐depositional processes affecting Mesolithic sites include (1) the excavation of Neolithic to Post‐Meroitic cemeteries at the same sites, (2) surface erosion, and (3) pedoturbation leading to the mixing of the stratigraphy. During a recent field operation along the western bank of the White Nile, archaeological contexts that were only partially disturbed were identified. Employing a geoarchaeological approach and the micromorphological study of sediments (supported by14C dating), settlements were placed in their paleoenvironmental contexts and differences betweenin situMesolithic layers and those disturbed by later processes were identified. Furthermore, it was possible to interpret the functional aspects of three categories of pits containing Mesolithic pottery (fireplace pits, fireplace pits with shell accumulations, and waste pits) and to discuss their significance within the wider framework of North African archaeology. Finally, this project has demonstrated the importance of integrating the geosciences (especially micromorphology) and archaeology in the study of processes leading to the formation and preservation of open‐air prehistoric sites in arid landscapes. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.