bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening in pregnancy for fetal or neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia: systematic review
Authors: Kamphuis MM , Paridaans N , Porcelijn L , De Haas M , van der Schoot CE , Brand A , Bonsel GJ , Oepkes D 
Published: July 2010

Please cite this paper as: Kamphuis M, Paridaans N, Porcelijn L, De Haas M, van der Schoot C, Brand A, Bonsel G, Oepkes D. Screening in pregnancy for fetal or neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia: systematic review. BJOG 2010;117:1335–1343.Background  Fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) is a potentially devastating disease, which may lead to intracranial haemorrhage (ICH), with neurological damage as a consequence. In the absence of screening, FNAIT is only diagnosed after bleeding symptoms, with preventive options limited to a next pregnancy.Objectives  To estimate the population incidence of FNAIT and its consequences to prepare for study design of a screening programme.Search strategy  An electronic literature search using MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane database, and references of retrieved articles. No language restrictions were applied.Selection criteria  Prospective studies on screening for human platelet antigen 1a (HPA‐1a) alloimmunisation in low‐risk pregnant women.Data collection and analysis  Two reviewers independently assessed studies for inclusion and extracted data. Main outcome data were prevalence of HPA‐1a negativity, HPA‐1a immunisation, platelet count at birth and perinatal ICH. We aimed to compare outcome with and without intervention.Main results  HPA‐1a alloimmunisation occurred in 294/3028 (9.7%) pregnancies at risk. Severe FNAIT occurred in 71/227 (31%) immunised pregnancies, with perinatal ICH in 7/71 (10%). True natural history data were not found because interventions were performed in most screen‐positive women.Authors’ conclusions  Screening for HPA‐1a alloimmunisation detects about two cases in 1000 pregnancies. The calculated risk for perinatal ICH of 10% in pregnancies with severe FNAIT is an underestimation because studies without interventions were lacking. Screening of all pregnancies together with effective antenatal treatment such as intravenous immunoglobulin may reduce the mortality and morbidity associated with FNAIT.
Chronic restraint stress impairs neurogenesis and hippocampus‐dependent fear memory in mice: possible involvement of a brain‐specific transcription factor Npas4
Authors: Yun Jaesuk , Koike Hiroyuki , Ibi Daisuke , Toth Erika , Mizoguchi Hiroyuki , Nitta Atsumi , Yoneyama Masanori , Ogita Kiyokazu , Yoneda Yukio , Nabeshima Toshitaka , Nagai Taku , Yamada Kiyofumi 
Published: July 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 114, 1840–1851.AbstractNeurogenesis in the hippocampus occurs throughout life in a wide range of species and could be associated with hippocampus‐dependent learning and memory. Stress is well established to seriously perturb physiological/psychological homeostasis and affect hippocampal function. In the present study, to investigate the effect of chronic restraint stress in early life on hippocampal neurogenesis and hippocampus‐dependent memory, 3‐week‐old mice were subjected to restraint stress 6 days a week for 4 weeks. The chronic restraint stress significantly decreased the hippocampal volume by 6.3% and impaired hippocampal neurogenesis as indicated by the reduced number of Ki67‐, 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine‐ and doublecortin‐positive cells in the dentate gyrus. The chronic restraint stress severely impaired hippocampus‐dependent contextual fear memory without affecting hippocampus‐independent fear memory. The expression level of brain‐specific transcription factor neuronal PAS domain protein 4 (Npas4) mRNA in the hippocampus was down‐regulated by the restraint stress or by acute corticosterone treatment. Npas4 immunoreactivity was detected in progenitors, immature and mature neurons of the dentate gyrus in control and stressed mice. Our findings suggest that the chronic restraint stress decreases hippocampal neurogenesis, leading to an impairment of hippocampus‐dependent fear memory in mice. Corticosterone‐induced down‐regulation of Npas4 expression may play a role in stress‐induced impairment of hippocampal function.
The G2019S pathogenic mutation disrupts sensitivity of leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 to manganese kinase inhibition
Authors: Covy Jason P. , Giasson Benoit I. 
Published: July 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 115, 36–46.AbstractMutations in leucine‐rich repeat kinase‐2 (LRRK2) are the most common cause of late‐onset Parkinson disease. Previously, we showed that the G2019S pathogenic mutation can cause a dramatic increase (approximately 10‐fold) in kinase activity, far above other published studies. A notable experimental difference was the use of Mn‐ATP as a substrate. Therefore, the effects of metal cation‐ATP cofactors on LRRK2 kinase activity were investigated. It is shown, using several divalent metal cations, that only Mg2+ or Mn2+ can support LRRK2 kinase activity. However, for wild‐type, I2020T, and R1441C LRRK2, Mn2+ was significantly less effective at supporting kinase activity. In sharp contrast, both Mn2+ and Mg2+ were effective at supporting the activity of G2019S LRRK2. These divergent effects associated with divalent cation usage and the G2019S mutation were predominantly because of differences in catalytic rates. However, LRRK2 was shown to have much lower (approximately 40‐fold) ATP Km for Mn‐ATP compared with Mg‐ATP. Consequently, sub‐stoichiometric concentrations of Mn2+ can act to inhibit the kinase activity of wild‐type, but not G2019S LRRK2 in the presence of Mg2+. From these findings, a new model is proposed for a possible function of LRRK2 and the consequence of the G2019S LRRK2 pathogenic mutation.
The RGD‐containing peptide fragment of osteopontin protects tyrosine hydroxylase positive cells against toxic insult in primary ventral mesencephalic cultures and in the rat substantia nigra
Authors: Iczkiewicz Joanna , Broom Lauren , Cooper Jonathan D. , Wong Andrew Ming Sham , Rose Sarah , Jenner Peter 
Published: July 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 114, 1792–1804.AbstractWe have previously shown that the multi‐functional phosphoprotein osteopontin (OPN) is present in the substantia nigra (SN) and that its mRNA and protein expression are up‐regulated following toxic insult. We now report the effects of the arginine‐glycine‐aspartic acid (RGD)‐containing peptide fragment of OPN and OPN inactivation on the survival of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive neurones in primary rat ventral mesencephalic (VM) cultures and in SN in the rat. Treatment of VM cultures with the fragment of OPN containing the RGD integrin binding domain did not decrease TH positive cell number, but instead the peptide fragment protected against cell loss induced by both MPP+ and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Incorporation of an OPN antibody into VM cultures caused a concentration‐dependent loss of TH positive neurones. The OPN antibody also exacerbated MPP+‐ and LPS‐induced cell loss at all concentrations tested. In the rat, administration of the RGD‐containing peptide fragment of OPN protected TH positive neurones against a mechanically‐induced lesion and against 6‐hydroxydopamine‐ and LPS‐induced cell loss. The protection against 6‐hydroxydopamine toxicity was confirmed in a separate study using stereological analysis. By contrast, stereotaxic injection of the OPN antibody into the SN resulted in a loss of TH positive cells. These results suggest that OPN may be necessary for the survival of TH positive cells in SN but through the RGD‐containing peptide fragment may also have neuroprotective properties relevant to Parkinson’s disease.
Glial but not neuronal development in the cochleo‐vestibular ganglion requires Sox10
Authors: Breuskin Ingrid , Bodson Morgan , Thelen Nicolas , Thiry Marc , Borgs Laurence , Nguyen Laurent , Stolt Claus , Wegner Michael , Lefebvre Philippe P. , Malgrange Brigitte 
Published: July 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 114, 1827–1839.AbstractThe cochleo‐vestibular ganglion contains neural crest‐derived glial cells and sensory neurons that are derived from the neurogenic otic placode. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms that regulate the tightly orchestrated development of this structure. Here, we report that Sox10, a high‐mobility group DNA‐binding domain transcription factor that is required for the proper development of neural crest cell derivatives, is specifically expressed in post‐migratory neural crest cells in the cochleo‐vestibular ganglion. Using Sox10‐deficient mice, we demonstrate that this transcription factor is essential for the survival, but not the generation, of the post‐migratory neural crest cells within the inner ear. In the absence of these neural crest‐derived cells, we have investigated the survival of the otocyst‐derived auditory neurons. Surprisingly, auditory neuron differentiation, sensory target innervation and survival are conserved despite the absence of glial cells. Moreover, brain‐derived neurotrophic factor expression is increased in the hair cells of Sox10‐deficient mice, a compensatory mechanism that may prevent spiral ganglion neuronal cell death. Taken together, these data suggest that in the absence of neural crest‐derived glial cells, an increase trophic support from hair cells promotes the survival of spiral ganglion neurons in Sox10 mutant mice.
Prasugrel: A Novel Thienopyridine Antiplatelet Agent. A Review of Preclinical and Clinical Studies and the Mechanistic Basis for Its Distinct Antiplatelet Profile
Authors: Jakubowski Joseph A. , Winters Kenneth J. , Naganuma Hideo , Wallentin Lars 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTPrasugrel (CS‐747, LY640315) is a novel member of the thienopyridine class of oral antiplatelet agents that includes ticlopidine and clopidogrel. Like other thienopyridines, prasugrel is a prodrug that is inactive in vitro. Prasugrel's distinct chemical structure permits efficient conversion to its active metabolite with a less rigorous dependence on specific cytochrome P‐450 enzymes. Prasugrel is rapidly converted in vivo to an active metabolite (R‐138727) that binds specifically and irreversibly to the platelet P2Y12 purinergic receptor inhibiting ADP‐mediated platelet activation and aggregation. Preclinical studies indicated that prasugrel is approximately 10‐ and 100‐fold more potent at inhibiting ex vivo platelet aggregation and in vivo thrombus formation than clopidogrel and ticlopidine, respectively. Early clinical data in healthy subjects confirmed the greater platelet inhibition and consistency with prasugrel compared to clopidogrel. While the active metabolites of prasugrel and clopidogrel resulted in similar levels of platelet inhibition in vitro, the amount of each active metabolite generated in vivo was quite different—prasugrel (60 mg) resulting in an approximately 12‐fold greater exposure to its active metabolite compared with clopidogrel (300 mg). This observation provides a mechanistic basis for the faster, greater, and more consistent inhibition of platelet aggregation observed with prasugrel. Clinical studies in patients with cardiovascular disease confirmed the potent antiplatelet effect of prasugrel compared with clopidogrel. Collectively, these phase 1/1b studies and a phase 2 study (JUMBO‐TIMI 26) aided in dose selection for the recently completed phase 3 trial (TRITON‐TIMI 38) in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.
Critical Thinking of Nurse Managers Related to Staff RNs’ Perceptions of the Practice Environment
Authors: Zori Susan , Nosek Laura J. , Musil Carol M. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract Background Information and Significance: Critical thinking (CT) skills and the inclination to engage in critical thinking are essential for nurse managers to function as transformational leaders capable of influencing staff to align with organizational goals. In an extensive literature review, numerous studies were found examining the concept of CT in students and no studies were found exploring CT in nurse managers. Identifying the attributes, such as CT, that lead to success in the nurse manager role is useful when preparing nurse managers to lead effectively in the current healthcare climate. Research Question: Is there a difference between nurse managers’ CT dispositions and their respective staff nurses’ perceptions of the practice environment? Design: A convenience sample of 12 nurse managers and a random sample of 132 of their respective staff registered nurses (RNs) participated in this descriptive study. CT in nurse managers was measured by the California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory (CCTDI). Staff RNs’ perceptions of the practice environment were measured by the Practice Environment Scale (PES). The research question was answered using a t test. Findings: Significant (p < .001) differences were found between specific nurse managers’ CCTDI scores for open‐mindedness, analyticity, and critical thinking confidence, and significant differences (p < .01) were found for systematicity when compared with their respective staff RNs’ mean subscale and overall PES scores. Conclusions: Results of the study support the positive relationship between strength in critical thinking dispositions of nurse managers and their respective staff RNs’ perceptions of the practice environment. Nurse managers with stronger CT dispositions may be better able to create positive practice environments that are conducive to job satisfaction and thus the retention of staff RNs. Inclusion of strategies to support the development and use of CT in nurse managers is recommended. CT and other leadership attributes and skills including emotional and social intelligence and management of change through an appreciative inquiry process may provide opportunities to improve leadership effectiveness in nurse managers. Clinical Relevance: Enhancing critical thinking skills and dispositions of nurse managers may help to create positive work environments for staff RNs. Staff RNs who work in an environment perceived to be positive may be in a better position to deliver high quality, safe patient care.
Influence of lateral pressure to the implant bed on osseointegration: an experimental study in dogs
Authors: Pantani Fabio , Botticelli Daniele , Garcia Idelmo Rangel , Salata Luiz Antonio , Borges Germana Jayme , Lang Niklaus P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAim: To study osseointegration and bone‐level changes at implants installed using either a standard or a reduced diameter bur for implant bed preparation.Material and methods: In six Labrador dogs, the first and second premolars were extracted bilaterally. Subsequently, mesial roots of the first molars were endodontically treated and distal roots, including the corresponding part of the crown, were extracted. After 3 months of healing, flaps were elevated and recipient sites were prepared in all experimental sites. The control site was prepared using a standard procedure, while the test site was prepared using a drill with a 0.2 mm reduced diameter than the standard one used in the contra‐lateral side. After 4 months of healing, the animals were euthanized and biopsies were obtained for histological processing and evaluation.Results: With the exception of one implant that was lost, all implants were integrated in mineralized bone. The alveolar crest underwent resorption at control as well as at test sites (buccal aspect ∼1 mm). The most coronal contact of bone‐to‐implant was located between 1.2 and 1.6 mm at the test and between 1.3 and 1.7 mm at the control sites. Bone‐to‐implant contact percentage was between 49% and 67%. No statistically significant differences were found for any of the outcome variables.Conclusions: After 4 months of healing, lateral pressure to the implant bed as reflected by higher insertion torques (36 vs. 15 N cm in the premolar and 19 vs. 7 N cm in the molar regions) did not affect the bone‐to‐implant contact. To cite this article:
Pantani F, Botticelli D, Garcia IR Jr., Salata LA, Borges GJ, Lang NP. Influence of lateral pressure to the implant bed on osseointegration: an experimental study in dogs. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2010; 1264–1270. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2009.01941.x
Comparison of a synthetic bone substitute composed of carbonated apatite with an anorganic bovine xenograft in particulate forms in a canine maxillary augmentation model
Authors: Kim Do Kyun , Lee Shin‐Jae , Cho Tae Hyung , Hui Pan , Kwon Min‐Su , Hwang Soon Jung 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjective: To evaluate the effect of a porous geometry in particulate bone on new bone formation by comparison of anorganic bovine carbonate apatite (ABCA) with synthetic carbonated apatite (SCA), which have similar properties but different micro‐structures.Material and methods: Porous structures and anorganic components of ABCA and SCA were evaluated using scanning electron microscope and Fourier transform infrared. They were implanted in maxillary augmentation models with the mouth split design in a total of 15 Beagle dogs. The animals were sacrificed 4, 8 and 16 weeks after surgery, and the histomorphometrical results were statistically analyzed for the material's geometrical relationship and new bone formation in relation to the available space and contact surface for osteoconduction.Results: Both materials showed a typical infrared pattern of CO32−‐substituted hydroxyapatite (HA). Porous structures and a bridging effect of osteoconductive bone material were relatively better observed in SCA. The ratio of the material area to the total area was higher (P<0.01) for ABCA (28.03±6.09) than for SCA (20.26±4.23). The ratio of the number of particles possessing a pore structure to the total number and the interparticular space was greater (P<0.001 and 0.01) for SCA (18.12±9.44 and 79.74±4.23) compared with ABCA (1.45±1.74 and 71.63±5.85). The new bone areas and the bone–material contact lengths were greater in SCA than in ABCA (P<0.05).Conclusions: The present study showed that porous structures may have an influence on new bone formation in osteoconductive bone substitutes. To cite this article:
Kim DK, Lee S‐J, Cho TH, Hui P, Kwon M‐S, Hwang SJ. Comparison of a synthetic bone substitute composed of carbonated apatite with an anorganic bovine xenograft in particulate forms in a canine maxillary augmentation model. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2010; 1334–1344. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2010.01953.x
Effects of nicotine on gene expression and osseointegration in rats
Authors: Yamano Seiichi , Berley Joel A. , Kuo Winston P. , Gallucci German O. , Weber Hans‐Peter , Sukotjo Cortino 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground: While many studies have focused on the hazardous effects of smoking, there is little direct evidence regarding the specific detrimental effects of the nicotine on the osseointegration of implants.Objective: To understand the effects of nicotine on gene expression and osseointegration of titanium implants in rats.Material and methods: Forty‐four rats were administered with nicotine or saline for a period of 8 weeks. The femurs were then harvested and analyzed using a three‐point bending test. Osseointegration level was determined using bone/implant contact ratio at 2 or 4 weeks after implants were placed. Expression levels of bone matrix‐related genes were measured by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction.Results: The results of the three‐point bending showed that there was no significant difference detected in stiffness between control and nicotine groups at 8 weeks post‐saline/nicotine delivery (P=0.705). The bone/implant contact ratio in nicotine‐delivered group was significantly decreased compared with those in the control group at 4 weeks (P<0.05). Also, expression levels of osteopontin, type II collagen, bone morphogenic protein‐2, bone sialoprotein, and core‐binding factor α‐1 were significantly down‐regulated in the nicotine‐delivered group compared with the control.Conclusions: Although systemic exposure to nicotine did not affect rat bone development, bone wound healing around the implant after placement was affected. These findings suggest that nicotine might inhibit the bone matrix‐related gene expressions required for wound healing and thereby diminish implant osseointegration at late stage. To cite this article:
Yamano S, Berley JA, Kuo WP, Gallucci GO, Weber HP, Sukotjo C. Effects of nicotine on gene expression and osseointegration in rats. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2010; 1353–1359. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2009.01955.x
The efficacy of 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthrinse compared with 0.2% on plaque accumulation and periodontal parameters: a systematic review
Authors: Berchier C. E. , Slot D. E. , Van der Weijden G. A. 
Published: July 2010

Berchier CE, Slot DE, Van der Weijden GA. The efficacy of 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthrinse compared with 0.2% on plaque accumulation and periodontal parameters: a systematic review. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37: 829–839. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐051X.2010.01575.x.AbstractObjectives: The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effects of 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthrinse compared with 0.2% on plaque and periodontal parameters.Materials and methods: MEDLINE‐PubMed and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for (randomized) clinical trials and cohort studies. Plaque scores, parameters of periodontal inflammation and periodontal attachment loss were selected as primary outcome parameters.Results: Screening of 409 titles and abstracts identified eight eligible publications. A meta‐analysis of seven studies using the same plaque index showed a significant difference between 0.2% and 0.12% CHX (p=0.008). The Weighted Mean Difference for plaque based on the Quigley & Hein Plaque Index (1968) was 0.10 (95%CI [0.03–0.17]) (heterogeneity I2=0%, p=0.87). Three studies that compared 0.12% and 0.2% CHX mouthrinse products provided data on gingival inflammation. No difference in the effect of gingivitis between the two concentrations was found in these studies. No studies could be found that compared the two CHX concentrations and evaluated the probing pocket depth and/or the periodontal attachment level.Conclusions: In comparing 0.12% and 0.2% CHX, information concerning the effect on gingival inflammation was sparse and no studies could be found that compared the two CHX concentrations and evaluated the probing pocket depth and/or the periodontal attachment level. With respect to plaque inhibition, the results showed a small but significant difference in favour of the 0.2% CHX concentration. However, the clinical relevance of this difference is probably negligible.