bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dates and Rates of Seeding Fall‐planted Spring Barley (Hordeum vulgare L. emend Lam.) in Irrigated Areas1
Authors: Day A. D. , Thompson R. K. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNovember and December plantings of ‘Harlan’ and ‘Arivat’ spring barley Hordeum vulgar L. emend Lam., generally gave maximum yields of quality grain in Arizona. In November plantings, seeding rates from 11 to 45 kg/ha produced as much or more grain than rates up to 123 kg/ha. Grain volume weights of Harlan were similar for all dates and rates of planting. Volume weights of Arivat decreased in late plantings.
Influence of Soil, Management, and Climatic Factors on the Yield Response by Corn (Zea mays L.) to N, P, and K Fertilizer1
Authors: Voss R. E. , Hanway J. J. , Fuller W. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractQuantitative evaluations of applied fertility, indigenous soil properties, management, and weather variables in field experiments were all necessary to develop a satisfactory relationship between corn grain yield and the responsible factors. Experimental sites were selected that provided a sufficiently wide range in each uncontrolled variable to permit inferences concerning the entire Marshall and Monona soil areas. At each site, 19 different N‐P‐K fertilizer combinations were applied in a composite type design, with 6 of the treatments replicated. Each plot was characterized for soil test N, P, K, and pH, stand level, and barrenness. Variables evaluated on a site basis were past cropping, subsoil fertility, planting date, soil yield potential, and soil moisture stress. A multiple‐regression equation for yield, fitting data from 575 plots, contained 40 terms and achieved an R2 of 0.80. It contained interactions among applied fertility, indigenous fertility, management, and climatic factors. Response to applied N was influenced most by past cropping and soil moisture stress. Response to applied P was not influenced by environmental factors as much as was response to N, but “available” soil P, soil N, and soil moisture stress influenced P response. These soils, which rate “medium” or “high” in exchangeable K, responded only slightly and negatively to applied K fertilizer. Significant interactions were measured between soil moisture and plant population and between soil moisture and planting date. The necessity for this type of field experimentation is discussed. Methods of interpretation and practical applications of yield prediction equations are suggested and exemplified.
Soil Analysis of Trifluralin: Methodology and Factors Affecting Quantitation1
Authors: Harrison R. M. , Anderson O. E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA simplified soil extraction procedure was evaluated for the recovery of trifluralin (a,a,a,‐trifluoro‐2,6‐dinitro‐N,N‐dipropyl‐p‐toluidine). Soil recovery values for the herbicide compared favorably with those reported in the literature. Recoveries of 90 to 93% of soil‐incorporated trifluralin were obtained over a 7‐day period, regardless of soil moisture conditions, ranging from 0 to 200% of field capacity, and whether treated soils were exposed to the atmosphere or maintained under airtight conditions. After 14 days, herbicide recovery for all treatments was approximately 64%.Trifluralin in methanol or N‐hexane solution was rapidly degraded by ultraviolet light. In a 24‐hour U.V. exposure study, seven degradation products were observed using gas‐liquid chromatography (GLC). Under laboratory conditions trifluralin solutions were maintained in the dark for 30 days without degradation but exhibited a 1.4% loss per day when maintained under laboratory light conditions.Linear electron capture detector response was shown to be related to injection volume of trifluralin solutions when analyzed quantitatively.
Responses of Nematode Infected Peanut Plants to Maleic Hydrazide1
Authors: Banks Donald J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractGall formations on the roots of plants that are susceptible to root‐knot nematodes may be due to the presence of an auxin. Maleic hydrazide (MH), an antiauxin, has produced nematode and gall‐inhibiting effects in some plants. This chemical was tested on peanuts, Arachis hypogaea L., to determine if it would aid in preventing galling and nematode damage.A seed soaking treatment at planting in 125 ppm and also foliar spray applications of 125 and 250 ppm of maleic hydrazide were applied to ‘Dixie Spanish’ variety peanuts that were in the two‐leaf stage. The plants were grown in the greenhouse at 21 to 29C for 42 days in soil that had been inoculated at planting with Northern root‐knot nematode, Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood.Little stunting and slight chlorosis occurred in the seed treatment but severe stunting and chlorosis was observed early in the test in the foliar applications. At harvest, total plant green weights and plant heights were significantly reduced in the MH foliar treatments. Galling was not inhibited and microscopic examinations of the galls failed to reveal significant differences in giant cell formation, or nematode development or reproduction in the MH treatments.
Photo‐ and Thermo‐Control of Flowering in Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)1
Authors: Kasperbauer M. J. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract‘Burley 21,’ ‘Ky 151,’ and ‘Hicks’ (burley, dark‐fired, and flue‐cured types, respectively) tobacco seedlings (Nicotiana tabacum L.) were started and grown to the 5‐ to 6‐leaf stage under long, warm days followed by exposure to controlled variations of light and temperature to determine combinations that cause these three types of tobacco to respond similarly and proceed from seed to flowering in minimum time. Tobacco plants became “ready for floral induction” after they developed 5 to 6 leaves. Long, warm days favored growth, while exposure of plants (that were “ready for floral induction”) to short, cool days favored floral induction. Uniformly early flowering of all three of the varieties occurred when they were grown under long, warm days to the 5‐ to 6‐leaf stage; exposed to short, cool days for 2 to 3 weeks; then returned to long, warm days after floral induction and initiation to hasten growth and development of the flowers.Varietal differences were evident when plants were kept on long days and/or warm temperatures. Under such conditions, Burley 21 flowered later and at a larger size than did Ky 151 and Hicks.
Comparison of Male Sterile and Male Fertile Corn for Silage1
Authors: Cummins D. G. , McCullough M. E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA comparison of male sterile and male fertile corn (Zea mays L.) for dry matter production, total available carbohydrates (TAC), silage digestibility, and volatile fatty acid (VFA) production from the silage during rumen dermentation was made at Experiment, Georgia in 1968 to 1969. Dry forage yields were similar for the male literile and male fertile corn in 1968, but the male sterile vielded more than the male fertile in 1969. The male fertile hybrid contained a higher percentage TAC than did the male sterile hybrid. There were no significant percentage differences between the silages in individual VFA production, or digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber, cellulose, ether extract, and nitrogen iree extract. The data indicate that at the maturity studied male sterile corn plants (without kernel development) are comparable to male fertile corn plants (with kernel development) for making silage.
An Evaluation of Two Methods for Obtaining Leaf Transmissivity from Leaf Reflectivity Measurements1
Authors: Carlson Richard E. , Yarger Douglas N. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTwo methods for calculating values of leaf transmissivity from leaf reflectivity measurements are evaluated. These methods gave nearly identical results for the spectral range 500‐2,600 mμ. Two species with dissimilar leaf structures, cota, and soybeans, were tested. The results indicate that values of leaf transmissivity can be calculated within a relative error of 5% of the measured values. The method proposed by the authors is based upon a quadratic equation, which is simpler to apply than the cubic equation form of the other method which was tested.
Effectiveness of Zn Frits for Corn (Zea mays L.) as Influenced by Zn Concentration, Granule Size and Method of Application1
Authors: Hoeft R. G. , Walsh L. M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the influence of Zn concentration, particle size, and methods of application on the effectiveness of Zn frit‐concentrated superphosphate (CSP) mixtures3 in relation to ZnSO4. Two crops of sweet corn (Zea mays L.) were grown on a neutral loamy sand soil and a calcareous sandy loam soil. The effect of Zn concentration and particle size of the Zn frits on the solubility of these materials in water and in an acid solution was studied.Zinc frits mixed with CSP were as effective as ZnSO4 on a neutral soil, but tended to be less effective than ZnSO4 on a calcareous soil. Effectiveness of granular Zn frit‐CSP mixtures decreased as the concentration of Zn increased, and the fine material was more effective than the granular material at the 12% Zn concentration on the calcareous soil. In the laboratory study no difference in solubility was found between the fine and granular 12% Zn frit carriers. Therefore, it was concluded that the reduced effectiveness of the 12% granular Zn frit was due to fewer particles and reduced surface area rather than to decreased solubility.
Susceptibility of Wisconsin Havana Tobacco Cultivars to Air Pollutants
Authors: Hodges G. H. , Menser H. A. , Ogden W. B. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWisconsin Havana cigar tobacco cultivars were tested for susceptibility to air pollutants in a plant exposure chamber and in a tobacco field. Gases used in the chamber were ozone, sulfur dioxide, and a mixture of the two. Ozone was the principal air pollutant to affect field grown plants. ‘Havana 142’ was the most susceptible cultivar to ozone fumigations and to ozone induced, field disorder, weather fleck. ‘Havana 501’ exhibited about half the leaf injury of Havana 142 when exposed to the same ozone conditions. Other cultivars that showd intermediate response were ‘Havana 307,’ ‘Havana 425,’ and ‘Havana 503’ No injury resembling “Target Spot”, a nonpathogenic syndrome observed in Wisconsin on Havana 503, was produced in any of the tests. All injury resembled the ozone fleck consisting of punctate lesions on upper surfaces of mature leaves. A low concentration mixture of ozone (0.03 ppm) and sulfur dioxide (ca. 0.45 ppm) caused from 5 to 15% injury but individual gases used at the same rates caused no symptoms. Mixed gas injury differed very little from ozone flecks.
Effect of Seaweed on Phosphorus Availability of a Soil Derived from Volcanic Ash1
Authors: Zunino H. , Peirano P. , Aguilera M. , Gonzalez R. , Caiozzi M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA volcanic ash‐derived soil was incubated up to 93 days with different amounts of seaweed. P was then extracted using an anion exchange resin method, and it was found that extractable P increased with increasing amounts of seaweed, which was added in proportions of .1, .5, 1.5, and 4.0%. Radishes grown in the same soilseaweed mixtures absorbed more P than from the control and increased their yield with the increase of seaweed.On adding seaweed and KH2PO4 simultaneously to the soil, an interaction between seaweed, soil and KH2PO4 occurs which results, at .1 and .5% of seaweed, in a decrease in P fixation. This could be due to the presence of alginates and alginic acids in the seaweed, since these compounds could be binding exchangeable Ca of the soil and therefore diminish P fixation by the Ca‐bonding mechanism.
Effect of Freezing on Hydrocyanic Acid Release from Sorghum Plants1
Authors: Loyd Robert C. , Gray Elmer , Shipe Emerson 
Published: July 2010

abstractFreezing of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) leaves and stems resulted in release of hydrocyanic acid (HCN). The amount of HCN released by freezing was less than the amount released by treatment of fresh tissue with chloroform.
Effects of Rates of N and P on the Accumulation of NO3‐N in Wheat, Oats, Rye and Barley on Different Sampling Dates1
Authors: Baker J. M. , Tucker B. B. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe NO3‐N concentration of wheat, oats, rye, and barley forage was found to be a function of rate of N fertilization, P fertilization, and date of sampling. The crops were not very different with respect to NO3‐N accumulation, though barley and wheat appeared to accumulate more nitrates than rye or oats during periods of highest concentration. Nitrate‐nitrogen concentrations were highest in samples collected March 18 and 24 when the plants were in the “joint” or “preboot” stage of growth. Concentrations greater than 3,500 ppm were not uncommon in barley and wheat samples collected at these stages of growth, whereas oat and rye samples rarely exceeded 3,500 ppm. The NO3‐N concentrations rarely exceeded the potentially toxic level of 2,100 ppm when 90 kg/ha or less N was applied, a rate that is as high as is typically applied to dryland winter wheat. The NO3‐N concentration declined sharply after the March 24 sampling date and continued to decline through the April 13 sampling date. A slight increase in concentration appeared late in the season, especially in oats.The tendency for NO3‐N accumulation to be increased by a deficiency of P was also found. The concentration in wheat forage was reduced from 1,300 ppm to 300 ppm NO3‐N with the application of 15 kg/ha P. P rates beyond that necessary for maximum grain production did not further reduce the NO3‐N content of the forage.
Dry Matter Accumulation in Soybean (Glycine max (L) Merrill) Plants As Influenced by N, P, and K Fertilization1
Authors: Hanway J. J. , Weber C. R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDry matter accumulation in the different parts of soybean plants grown on plots with different fertilizer treatments was determined at successive developmental stages throughout the growing season. Moderate applications of P and K fertilizers had relatively small effects on weights of the different plant parts or seed yields, but heavy applications of KC1 significantly reduced plant weights and seed yields. N fertilizer markedly increased yield of non‐nodulated soybeans. With adequate N (672 kg N/ha), seed yields of nodulated and non‐nodulated soybeans were similar. To produce a final plant weight of 10,000 kg/ha, the average daily increase in dry weight of plants was 186 kg/ha/day between stages 5 and 9. Rapid increase in seed yield began at about stage 8 and continued to stage 10. Other plant parts lost weight after stages 8 or 9. At maturity, dry matter consisted of 28% fallen leaves, 15% fallen petioles, 17% stems, 11% pods, and 29% beans.
Physiology of Oil Seeds III. Response of Initially High and Low Germinating 1,2 Spanish‐type Peanut Seeds to Three Storage Environments
Authors: Ketring D. L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTwo lots of Spanish‐type peanut seeds (Arachis hypogaea L. var. Starr) were compared for their ability to remain viable under three environmental treatments. Temperature and relative humidities for treatments A, B and C were 21 ± 3C and 50 ± 5%, 3 ± 2C and 80 ± 15% and 3 ± 2C and 20 ± 10%, respectively. Initial germination of seed lots 1 and 2 were 81 ± 3% and 30 ± 8%. Seeds from both lots were exposed to treatments for up to 7 months. At monthly intervals .454 to .908‐kg samples were placed in sealed containers. After about 8 months of storage, total germination, vigor, organic constituents and ethylene production by the seeds were compared for seeds from the sealed containers.Relative to their initial germniation, lot 1 seeds were reduced 4, 63, and 5% and lot 2 seeds 43, 93, and 57% in total germination within 2 months of storage when placed in treatments A, B and C, respectively. The proportion of vigorous seedlings were reduced 19, 81 and 33% for lot 1 and 50, 100 and 50% for lot 2 seeds after the same time and treatments.Inorganic analyses showed that lot 1 seeds contained more calcium, potassium and zinc than lot 2 seeds. Organic analyses indicated that there was a decrease in total extractable nucleic acids when the seeds were stored in treatment B. Ethylene production by the seeds at 48 hours of germination was reduced 80% and 90% for lot 1 and lot 2 seeds, respectively, in treatment B. The deleterious effects on germination, vigor, nucleic acids and ethylene production of the seeds was apparently caused by high relative humidity, since a lower relative humidity at the same or a higher temperature did not cause these effects.
Sugarbeet Response to Deep Tillage, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus on Pullman Clay Loam1
Authors: Mathers A. C. , Wilson G. C. , Schneider A. D. , Scott Paul 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis experiment included tillage to 15, 20, 30, 40, 60, and 80 cm depths and N and P fertilizer rates to provide an adequate plant nutrient level. The experiment was performed with both level border and graded furrow irrigation to determine the effect of deep tillage on yield of sugarbeets (Beta vulgaris L. variety ‘HH‐10’).Sugarbeet yields were increased by deep tillage and added N with adequate irrigation, but there was no yield increase from applied P. Deep tillage increased yields more where N was applied. Also, the response to N was greater after deep tillage to 40 cm in two of three years. Deep tillage increased the water intake rate, thus favoring good root development during wet seasons. Higher sugar yield after deep tillage was attributed to increased water intake, improved aeration, reduced bulk density, less root rot, and increased response to N.
Variation in Growth Curve Increments1
Authors: Stroh James R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis note relates what is thought to be sampling variation in increment growth curves to phenomena occurring in plants at different stages of growth. Increment growth curves were constructed for six grass species grown under irrigation at Bridger, Montana, in 1967. Vegetative, heading to bloom, and bloom to seed‐ripe growth stages were related to the wavy line growth curves. Similar growth curve humps were associated with each of the phenological stages in three species whose curves are termed typical. Different patterns of growth curves found in the other three species were associated with growth phenomena peculiar to each and are described as atypical.The scattered data points found in either cumulative or increment growth curves are not necessarily errors due to sampling technique or heterogencity in the environment where the plants are grown. Close association between the scattering and phenological phenomena exists.
Effect of Injections of Propane into Soil on Microbial Activity1
Authors: Johnson D. R. , Frederick L. R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSoil samples were incubated in air atmosphere containing 0, 10,000, 50,000, and 500,000 ppm propane gas (Ca3H8) by volume. Carbon dioxide evolution was used as a measure of soil microbial activity. Soil N immobilization was determined by measuring soil inorganic N. Carbon dioxide evolution and N immobilization were directly related to the C3H8 concentration. Carbon dioxide evolution over time was characterized by (1) an initial delay of 2 to 4 weeks, (2) an accelerated period, and (3) a decrease in activity caused by a shortage of N. Increasing the C3H8 concentration shortened the delay period and accelerated CO2 evolution and N immobilization. The C3H8 was used as a source of energy by microorganisms that immobilized the soil inorganic N. The use of C3H8 as an energy source for microorganisms has potential usefulness in studying basic soil microbiological problems relating to soil nutrient transformations because the C3H8 itself can be easily removed and does not interfere with subsequent analyses.
Light Quality under Saran Shade Cloth1
Authors: Pallas J. E. , Neves J. D. , Beaty E. R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAn earlier report based on optical pyrometry indicated that Saran shade cloth did not reduce visible sunlight uniformly. However, new radiometric measurements of green Saran shade cloth made at noon with 30, 47, 63, 73, 80, and 94% light reduction indicated that all the Saran shade cloths tested reduced light uniformly at all wave‐lengths.
Soil Heating Studies with Cool Season Turfgrasses. I. Effects of Watt Density, Protective Covers, and Ambient Environment on Soil Temperature Distribution1
Authors: Ledeboer F. B. , McKiel C. G. , Skogley C. R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractElectrical soil heating studies were conducted from 1967 to 1969 for the purpose of determining wattage and soil temperature requirements for establishment and growth of several turfgrasses during winter. Studies also included influence of Protective Covers, fertilization and heat distribution in the soil. Cables were installed 15.2 cm deep and 30.4 cm apart to provide wattages of 54,108 and 162/m2. Power was supplied from early December until normal spring green‐up. Thermostats located below the turf at the soil surface controlled cable operation. Heating densities of 108 W/m2 or greater were required to maintain soil temperatures near 8 to 10 C during the winter. Temperature distribution curves at several depths showed good thermoconductivity of the soil. Temperature changes near cables were closely linked to power input; near the surface, air environment had the greatest impact. In unheated soil, a lag occurred in diurnal temperature changes which were a function of soil depth. Heat losses were measured in deep soil strata. Block polypropylene screens of 55 and 73% shade used for protection increased heat retention and reduced heating requirements over unprotected turf.
Paraffin Oil and Granules as Carriers for Trifluralin1
Authors: Weaver D. N. , Meyer R. E. , Merkle M. G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis study was conducted to determine the effects of the carrier on the stability of trifluralin (α,α,α‐trifluoro‐2,6‐dinitro‐N,N‐dipropyl‐p‐toluidine) at the soil surface. Trifluralin concentrations were determined with a gas chromatograph equipped with an electron‐capture detector. In the laboratory, more trifluralin disappeared from wet soil (80% field capacity) after 24 hours when applied in water than when applied in paraffin oil. At 0 to 20% field capacity there was no difference between the carriers. Vapor sampling experiments showed no detectable volatilization of trifluralin from air dry soil over a 24‐hour period at 38C, and confirmed that less volatilization of the herbicide occurred from wet soil when applied in paraffin oil than when applied in water. About 20% less trifluralin was lost from granules than from aqueous sprays on wet clay soil, but no difference occurred on dry soil.In field, paraffin oil delayed the loss of trifluralin from wet soil (60% field capacity), but under relatively dry field conditions there was little difference between the effectiveness of water and paraffin oil carriers.