bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MICROPOROUS SILICA-ALUMINA THIN FILMS
Authors: ABDALLAH CHERAITIA , HAMID SATHA , ANDRÉ AYRAL 
Published: February 2011

Microporous silica-alumina thin films were prepared by a simple and robust sol-gel method. Tetraethoxysilane was mixed with an acidic alumina hydrosol. Urea was added for the preparation of the alumina hydrosol, for controlling the polycondensation of the mixed oxide network and also as porogen agent. Thin films were deposited by dip-coating on dense substrates. IR and 27 Al NMR spectroscopic analyses showed that for Si/Al molar ratios up to 6/1, a homogeneous mixed oxide is obtained with a random distribution of Al and Si atoms in the oxide lattice based on tetrahedral units. The deposited layers are crack-free as demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations. Their microporosity was investigated using ellipsoporosimetry (EP) with films supported on flat substrates.
A Prospective Cohort Study on Overweight, Smoking, Alcohol Consumption, and Risk of Barrett's Esophagus
Authors: Steevens Jessie , Schouten Leo J. , Driessen Ann L.C. , Huysentruyt Clément J.R. , Keulemans Yolande C.A. , Goldbohm R. Alexandra , van den Brandt Piet A. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackground: Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a precursor lesion of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Besides gastroesophageal reflux, possible risk factors for BE include overweight, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption. Our objective was to study these associations by using prospective data.Methods: The prospective Netherlands Cohort Study, initiated in 1986, consists of 120,852 men and women, aged 55 to 69 years at baseline. At baseline, all subjects completed a questionnaire on dietary habits and lifestyle. After 16.3 years of follow-up, 370 BE cases with specialized intestinal metaplasia and 3,866 subcohort members were available for case–cohort analysis. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate incidence rate ratios (RR) and 95% CIs.Results: Body mass index (BMI) at baseline was associated with risk of BE in women [multivariable adjusted RR per 1 kg/m2, 1.07 (1.03–1.11)] but not in men [RR per 1 kg/m2, 0.99 (0.93–1.05)]. The association in women was not specifically due to abdominal overweight. Former cigarette smokers were at increased risk of BE (RR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.00–1.77), but current smokers were not. Smoking duration showed a positive association with BE risk (Ptrend = 0.03). For alcohol consumption, the RR per 10 g ethanol/d was 0.95 (0.87–1.03).Conclusions: Increased BMI was a risk factor for BE in women but not in men. Several aspects of cigarette smoking were positively associated with BE risk. Alcohol consumption was not associated with an increased risk of BE.Impact: Future research should focus on risk factors both for development and for progression of BE to esophageal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(2); 345–58. ©2010 AACR.
Dietary Phytoestrogens and the Risk of Ovarian Cancer in the Women's Lifestyle and Health Cohort Study
Authors: Hedelin Maria , Löf Marie , Andersson Therese M.-L. , Adlercreutz Herman , Weiderpass Elisabete 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackground: Dietary intake of phytoestrogens has been inversely associated to hormone-dependent cancers, such as prostate and breast cancers. Few studies have investigated the association between ovarian cancer and intake of phytoestrogens. We evaluated the associations between intake of phytoestrogens (isoflavonoids/lignans/coumestrol) and fiber (vegetable/cereal) and risk of ovarian cancer.Methods: In 1991–1992 a prospective population-based cohort study among Swedish women was conducted, including 47,140 women with complete dietary questionnaire data. During follow-up until December 2007, 163 women developed invasive (n = 117) and borderline (n = 46) ovarian cancers. The median follow-up time was 16 years and total person year was 747,178. Cox proportional hazards models were conducted to estimate multivariate risk ratios, 95% CI for associations with risk of ovarian cancer.Results: We found no association between intake of phytoestrogens or fiber and overall ovarian cancer risk. In addition, we found no statistically significant association between intake of specific food items rich in phytoestrogens (berries, nuts, beans/soy, and crisp or whole-grain bread) and ovarian cancer risk overall. Fiber and coumestrol was inversely associated with borderline ovarian cancer, but not with invasive ovarian cancer.Conclusions: We found no association between intake of phytoestrogens or fiber and overall ovarian cancer risk.Impact: Phytoestrogens do not play a major etiologic role in ovarian cancer, at least among women in this Swedish cohort with low bean/soy intake. However, our results of a difference in the effect of fiber or coumestrol between invasive and borderline ovarian cancer need to be evaluated in larger studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(2); 308–17. ©2011 AACR.
Risk of a Second Breast Cancer Associated with Hormone-Receptor and HER2/neu Status of the First Breast Cancer
Authors: Bessonova Leona , Taylor Thomas H. , Mehta Rita S. , Zell Jason A. , Anton-Culver Hoda 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Objectives: Hormone-receptor (HR) and HER2/neu-receptor (HER2) status of breast tumors are important indicators for targeted therapies. We examine the association of receptor status and risk for a second breast cancer.
Methods: We analyzed data on 106,331 women in the California Cancer Registry whose first cancer is locoregional invasive breast disease, diagnosed from 1999 through 2005, yielding 1,613 second primary breast cancers. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate risk of second tumors, accounting for age at first diagnosis, duration at risk, and race/ethnicity.
Results: Among non-Hispanic whites, HR-positive first tumors signal a reduction in risk for second breast cancers (SIR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.77–0.89) whereas HR-negative status signals elevated risk (SIR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.29–1.70). Asian/Pacific Islanders, African Americans, and Hispanics are at elevated risk of second breast cancers regardless of HR status of the first tumor. Hispanics with HR-negative first tumors are at greater risk than those with HR-positive disease (HR−: SIR = 3.76, 95% CI: 2.97–4.71; HR+: SIR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.56–2.20). HER2 status does not differentiate risk for second tumors in any group examined.
Conclusions: HR status of a first breast cancer is a marker for risk of a second breast cancer. HER2 status does not seem to be a marker of risk for a second breast cancer. Risk differences across race/ethnic groups by HR status suggest heterogeneity of breast cancers across race/ethnicity.
Impact: These data suggest that HR status may be helpful in shaping strategies to reduce risk of a second breast cancer, while HER2 status seems uninformative for this purpose. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(2); 389–96. ©2011 AACR.
When sounds collide: the effect of anthropogenic noise on a breeding assemblage of frogs in Belize, Central America
Authors: Alloush Menemsha , Scofield Douglas , Marczak Susanne , Jones Robin , Kaiser Kristine , Oliva Mark , Narins Peter M. , Martineau Katherine 
Published: February 2011

AbstractMany organisms depend on acoustic communication for myriad functions, and have evolved behaviours to minimize effects of naturally occurring acoustic interference. However, as habitats are subject to increased alteration, anthropogenic noise becomes unavoidable, and how animals overcome such interference is not well understood. In most ecosystems, only a subset of frog species is associated with disturbed habitats; the ability of these species to overcome exogenous noise suggests that habitat associations may be related to species' response to noise. We tested the hypothesis that frogs associated with largely undisturbed forest habitat would be less likely to increase call output in response to exogenous noise than would those associated with disturbed or open habitat. While this relationship was not significant, we found a slight trend supporting the hypothesis. We then asked whether anthropogenic noise affects chorus tenure at individual- or at chorus-levels. Male frogs exposed to anthropogenic noise decreased both the number of days present at the chorus and the nightly chorus duration relative to controls. Because females generally join choruses late at night to breed, the effects of noise shown here are likely to substantially decrease frog reproductive success; thus, the acoustic environment may play an important role in shaping population dynamics and in amphibian declines.
Giovanni Gioviano Pontano (1429–1503) on Astrology and Poetic Authority
Authors: Soranzo Matteo 
Published: February 2011

AbstractL'articolo esamina per quale ragione Giovanni Gioviano Pontano (1429–1503) ha spiegato in termini di causalità astrologica l'origine della sua autorità poetica, con lo scopo di illustrare un elemento di continuità tra Medioevo e Umanesimo. I testi presi in esame sono il poema Urania (scritto nel 1475–1494; stampato nel 1505), il dialogo Actius (scritto nel 1495–1499; stampato nel 1507), il commento al Centiloquio pseudotolemaico (scritto nel 1477; stampato nel 1512) e il trattato De Rebus Coelestibus (scritto nel 1475–1495; stampato nel 1512). Si sostiene che l'approccio astrologico all'autorità poetica di Pontano deriva dalla sua interpretazione del primo aforisma del Centiloquio, e che questa scelta era dettata dal tentativo di mettere in questione la teoria del furor poetico di Marsilio Ficino, le cui opere stavano diventando sempre più diffuse nel contesto della Napoli Aragonese alla fine del Quattrocento.
‘The Business Had to March On’ De Arbeiderspers in Time of War
Authors: Doppenberg Frederike 
Published: February 2011

AbstractDuring the Second World War the social-democratic publisher De Arbeiderspers [The Workers’ Press] was transferred into National Socialist hands. The National Socialists wanted to transform the party press of the SDAP, the social democratic party of the Netherlands, into a National Socialist platform. The publisher, however, had a secure circle of socialist customers whom the new management did not want to deter. This article is a study, based on a reconstruction of the list of publications during the period ’40 -’45, of how the National Socialist managers attempted to change the ideological foundation of De Arbeiderspers.
Publishing House Contact and Its Support for Authors in the Second World War
Authors: Kuitert Lisa 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe name of publishing house Contact is associated with Anne Frank’s diary, of which Contact was the first publisher. In this article, Lisa Kuitert shows how Contact, established in 1933, operated during the Second World War. Although Contact was not a publisher for the resistance, both of its publishing directors, in various ways, supported authors who had been banned from publishing. The means also existed for them to do this because precisely in these five years, the publisher did well financially.
De Bezige Bij Resistance and Bibliography
Authors: Renders Hans 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe Resistance publishing house De Bezige Bij [The Busy Bee] was financed with money earned with broadside verse and other special publications. This was such a lucrative business that there was even enough money left over to pay for large numbers of Jewish children to go into hiding. During the occupation the company built up a reputation as a left-wing publisher ‐ an image that needed to be maintained after the liberation, even though many of the works published by the post-war Bezige Bij were firmly in a different political camp.
Ernest Satow's Guides to Diplomatic Practice. From the First Edition in 1917 to the Sixth Edition (2009)
Authors: Schwietzke Joachim 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe Guide to Diplomatic Practice by Ernest Satow is known as a respected work among several generations of diplomats and international lawyers in English speaking countries. The publication of a sixth edition in 2009 permits a comparison with the first edition of 1917 and with some of the subsequent editions.
International Legal Hierarchy Revisited – The Status of Obligations Erga Omnes
Authors: Linderfalk Ulf 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIncreasingly, international legal arguments exploit the peculiar nature of obligations erga omnes. This practice raises questions about the precise legal status of norms expressing such obligations relative to other norms of international law. According to an oft-made suggestion, whether a norm is part of the international jus cogens or not, when it expresses obligations erga omnes it is hierarchically superior to all other norms of non-peremptory international law. This essay inquires into the justification of this theory – throughout the essay referred to as “the Theory on the Superior Status of Erga Omnes Obligations”. As shown in section 2, irrespective of whether inferential legal evidence exists or not, the Theory on the Superior Status of Obligations Erga Omnes can be explained by reference to the non-reciprocal character of such obligations. However, logic requires that the theory be restated to include also interdependent obligations and obligations erga omnes partes. As shown in section 3, although inferential legal evidence provides some support for the Theory on the Superior Status of Obligations Erga Omnes, the evidence is not entirely consistent. As shown in section 4, if the theory on the superior status of obligations erga omnes is adopted and applied on a wide scale, this will have detrimental effects on the overall understanding of international law. Rather than a more properly functioning international legal system, confusion and disorganization will ensue.
The Hague Judgments Convention
Authors: Nielsen Peter Arnt 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe Hague Judgments Convention of 2005 is the first global convention on international jurisdiction and recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters. The author explains the political and legal background of the Convention, its content and certain crucial issues during the negotiations of it. Finally, the author discusses the perspectives for international trade given that, in 2009, the USA and the European Union signed the Convention.
Language Rights in Relations with Public Administration: European Perspectives
Authors: Ulasiuk Iryna 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe preservation of linguistic diversity has recently become a major concern to many researchers, politicians and leaders of linguistic communities in Europe. The issue of linguistic minorities has taken on a particular urgency because of the increasing recognition of the threat of extinction faced by many minority languages. The need for immediate action has become obvious. Europe has slowly but steadily started to come up with responses to how to keep the most vulnerable languages from extinction and guarantee rights to speakers of such languages at the same time. Today we can talk about the emergence of a European minimum standard of protection of language rights as it has developed since the 1990s in the European conventions and their monitoring activities. There is general understanding that three areas of the use of languages – education, administrative affairs and the media – are determinant for the survival of minority languages. The present article focuses on one of such areas, which has revealed to be particularly contentious and a source of ever-increasing concern. It investigates the guarantees provided in the Council of Europe's instruments pertaining to the use of minority languages before public authorities, the practical difficulties and ways of their overcoming in the implementation of the rights enshrined in European treaties.
“The old battle is to be fought again”: Reginald Stuart Poole, Edward William Lane, and the Mid-Nineteenth-Century Genesis-Geology Debate
Authors: Klaver Jan Marten Ivo 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn 1856 a small octavo volume with the title Genesis of the Earth and of Man was anonymously published. It argued for the existence of preadamites as a solution to the mid-Victorian debate about the veracity of the biblical account of creation in the light of geological discoveries, and as such it was widely read and commented. This essay examines the author's main theses, places it in the scholarly tradition of Biblical chronology, and analyzes it in the context of mid-nineteenth-century apologetic literature. It also surveys the contemporary reaction to the book and discusses the possibility that the book was written by the orientalist Edward William Lane.
Insects as vectors of foodborne pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Blazar Jeffrey , Allard Marc , Lienau E. Kurt 
Published: February 2011

AbstractFood safety is an important consideration worldwide. To maintain and improve our current knowledge of foodborne disease outbreaks, we must understand some of the more imminent issues related to food safety. A variety of agents are responsible for transmitting the estimated 76 million cases of illnesses caused by foodborne pathogens every year. This review explores why insects pose a serious health concern, in terms of worldwide food safety initiatives, by looking at evidence in published <abs>Food safety is an important consideration worldwide. To maintain and improve our current knowledge of foodborne disease outbreaks, we must understand some of the more imminent issues related to food safety. A variety of agents are responsible for transmitting the estimated 76 million cases of illnesses caused by foodborne pathogens every year. This review explores why insects pose a serious health concern, in terms of worldwide food safety initiatives, by looking at evidence in published literature. We highlight at least eleven different species of insects, including the lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer); secondary screwworm, Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius); synanthropic flies [flesh fly, Sarcophaga carnaria (L.); house fly, Musca domestica (L.); fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen); and stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.)], American cockroach, Periplaneta americana (L.); German cockroach, Blatella germanica (L.); Oriental cockroach, Blatta orientalis (L.); Pacific beetle cockroach, Diploptera punctata (Eschscholtz); and Speckled feeder cockroach, Nauphoeta cinerea (Olivier), which act as vectors for Salmonella spp. or Escherichia coli and illustrate how these insects are successful vectors of foodborne disease outbreaks. We propose that insects be considered as one of the latest issues in food safety initiatives. Not only are some insects extremely important contributors to diseases, but now we suggest that more research into insects as potential carriers of E. coli and Salmonella spp., and therefore as contributing to foodborne disease outbreaks, is granted.
Anthropogenic disturbances and rare tiger beetle habitats: benefits, risks, and implications for conservation
Authors: Knisley C. Barry 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis review summarizes the literature and some primary data on the effects of anthropogenic disturbances on tiger beetle habitats, including how this may help or harm populations of rare species, and how understanding these effects is important in tiger beetle conservation and management. The main focus is on U.S. species but relevant literature from other regions of the world is included. First I discuss tiger beetle habitats and the importance of open patches, then review how human disturbances may be essential for creating these open areas of habitat but may also negatively impact populations and act as limiting factors. The factors discussed are: (1) vehicles, bicycles and pedestrian foot traffic; (2) livestock grazing and other animal activities; (3) soil movement and deposition; (4) irrigation and cultivation; and (5) dams, diversions and shoreline structures. Finally, I review the threat of encroaching vegetation from natural succession and invasive species into rare tiger beetle habitats and how implementing disturbance regimes may counter this threat and be used in conservation and management of rare tiger beetles.
Scapegoating One's Comrades in the USSR, 1934-1937
Authors: Chase William 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis article examines two cases of scapegoating—that of Ludwig Magyar in December 1934, and that of Gevork Alikhanov in June 1937—and applies theories of group identity and behavior to explore what motivated people to scapegoat their comrades, why the groups selected particular people for scapegoating, and what these incidences reveal about the groups that engaged in this ritual. Within political groups, such behaviors are obviously inseparable from the politics of the moment. The cases examined here illustrate some key political shifts in Stalinist party policy between late 1934 and mid-1937, as manifest in a single party organization. The changes affected its members' behavior, which offers insights into intra-party fractures. The essay confines its focus to two meetings of the party organization of the Executive Committee of the Communist International (ECCI). Whereas in December 1934 the members of the party organization unanimously voted to expel Magyar from their ranks, in June 1937 rank-and-file members of the organization re-directed efforts by the party organization's leaders to scapegoat Alikhanov and attacked the party organization's leaders. Examining how this group of Stalinists behaved allows one to view scapegoating as both a Stalinist and universal social behavior. Appreciating the prominence of universal social behavior within a Stalinist political context is essential to moving beyond many scholars' unwarranted obsession with Soviet and Stalinist exceptionalism.
History, Myth, and Memory: A Biography of a Stalin Portrait
Authors: Corbesero Susan 
Published: February 2011

AbstractDuring the troublous post-war and post-Soviet periods, the iconography of Stalin has served as a powerful interpreter of the past. Since World War II, portraits and attendant mass reproductions of the notorious Soviet leader have conveyed a historical memory that fused the triumphalist mythology of the Second World War and the cult of Stalin. Appropriated for political, national, nostalgic and commercial purposes, these iconic vehicles have functioned as integral “vectors of memory” in times of political change. In that vein, this article traces the remarkably dynamic and influential life of Aleksandr Laktionov's Portrait of I. V. Stalin (1949) in order to illuminate how its meaning and use, past and present, reflects and refracts the political landscape that deploys it.
Serbia between East and West
Authors: Konitzer Andrew 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis article critically examines contemporary narratives which frame Serbian politics as a conflict between supporters of a pro-European Union (EU) policy and supporters of closer ties with Russia. Contrary to this narrative, contemporary Serbian political actors increasingly present policies and platforms oriented towards both the European Union and Russia. These developments reflect the contradictory legacies arising from the history of Serbian and Russian diplomatic relations along with the sometimes ambivalent implications of Russia's stance on the issue of Kosovo's independence, Serbian public attitudes towards Russia, and recent developments in Serbian-Russian economic relations. Given the long time frame for EU membership and the current impasse over issues like Kosovo and Serbia's potential NATO membership, Serbia's leaders currently enjoy the luxury of simultaneously deepening ties with both the EU and Russia. However, a future linkage between Kosovo's independence and EU membership and/or the possibility of Serbia's joining NATO will likely present Serbian political elites with mutually-exclusive choices bearing important implications for their relations with either Russia or the EU.