bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wide Variation in Reference Values for Aluminum Levels in Children
Authors: Zeager Michelle , Woolf Alan D. , Goldman Rose H. 
Published: December 2011

Background:Some parents are requesting aluminum testing in their children with developmental issues. Although aluminum can be measured in plasma, serum, or urine, there is scant scientific information about normal ranges. We sought to determine the basis for laboratory reference ranges and whether these ranges are applicable to children.Methods:From texts, published lists, and Internet sources, we obtained the names of 10 clinical laboratories that perform aluminum testing. Contact was made by telephone or e-mail, or Internet sites were viewed to obtain information regarding the establishment of aluminum reference ranges and testing methods in biological samples. Seven laboratories provided supporting literature that was reviewed regarding details of the study populations.Results:For laboratories using the atomic absorption spectrometry method, aluminum reference ranges varied from &lt;5.41 μg/L to &lt;20 μg/L (serum), &lt;7.00 μg/L to 0 to 10 μg/L (plasma) and 5 to 30 μg/L (urine). For those using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy methodology, ranges varied from 0 to 6 μg/L to &lt;42 μg/L (serum), 0 to 10 μg/L to 0 to 15 μg/L (plasma), and 0 to 7 μg/L to 5 to 30 μg/L (urine). None of the reference ranges are known to be derived from studies of healthy children, but relied instead on small studies of adult populations, adult dialysis patients, workers, or sick children on aluminum-containing parenteral therapy.Conclusions:Aluminum reference ranges provided by laboratories are widely divergent, may not represent “normal” ranges of a healthy population, especially children, and thus it is difficult to interpret serum or urine aluminum ranges clinically. Further studies of aluminum in children are warranted and should be considered as part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Biomonitoring Project.
Biomedical Informatics – A Confluence of Disciplines?
Authors: Ammenwerth E. , Dickhaus H. , Knaup P. , Lovis C. , Mantas J. , Maojo V. , Martin-Sanchez F. J. , Musen M. , Patel V. L. , Surjan G. , Talmon J. L. , Sarkar I. N. , Hasman A. 
Published: December 2011

SummaryBackground: Biomedical informatics is a broad discipline that borrows many methods and techniques from other disciplines.Objective: To reflect a) on the character of biomedical informatics and to determine whether it is multi-disciplinary or inter-disciplinary; b) on the question whether biomedical informatics is more than the sum of its supporting disciplines and c) on the position of biomedical informatics with respect to related disciplines.Method: Inviting an international group of experts in biomedical informatics and related disciplines on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of Methods of Information in Medicine to present their viewpoints.Results and Conclusions: This paper contains the reflections of a number of the invited experts on the character of biomedical informatics. Most of the authors agree that biomedical informatics is an interdisciplinary field of study where researchers with different scientific backgrounds alone or in combination carry out research. Biomedical informatics is a very broad scientific field and still expanding, yet comprised of a constructive aspect (designing and building systems). One author expressed that the essence of biomedical informatics, as opposed to related disciplines, lies in the modelling of the biomedical content. Interdisciplinarity also has consequences for education. Maintaining rigid disciplinary structures does not allow for sufficient adaptability to capitalize on important trends nor to leverage the influences these trends may have on biomedical informatics. It is therefore important for students to become aware of research findings in related disciplines. In this respect, it was also noted that the fact that many scientific fields use different languages and that the research findings are stored in separate bibliographic databases makes it possible that potentially connected findings will never be linked, despite the fact that these findings were published. Bridges between the sciences are needed for the success of biomedical informatics.
Confluence of Disciplines in Health Informatics: an International Perspective
Authors: Kimura M. , Kulikowski C. A. , Murray P. J. , Ohno-Machado L. , Park H.-A. , Haux R. , Geissbuhler A. 
Published: December 2011

SummaryObjective: To discuss international aspects as they relate to the convergence of disciplines in health informatics.Method: A group of international experts was invited at a symposium to present and discuss their perspectives on this topic. These have been collated in a single manuscript.Results and Conclusions: Significant challenges, as well as opportunities, appear when cumulating the intrinsic multidisciplinary nature of health informatics interventions with the diversity of contexts at the global level, in particular when considered in the perspective of a confluence, i.e., the mixing of different waters and their merging into a new, stronger entity. Health informatics experts reflect on key issues such as collaborative software development and distributed knowledge sourcing, social media and mobile technologies, the evolutions of the discipline from an historical perspective, as well as examples of challenges for implementing ubiquitous healthcare or for supporting disaster situations when infrastructures get disrupted.
Le 9 mai contre le 7 novembre : concurrence commémorative et nouvelle légitimité internationale de l'urss
Authors: Fayet Jean-François 
Published: December 2011

Résumé Conscients de l’importance des commémorations pour enraciner un régime dont la légitimité était contestée, les communistes russes se sont attachés dès leur arrivée au pouvoir à la construction d’une nouvelle mémoire collective par la réorganisation du temps autour de l’acte fondateur : la révolution d’Octobre. Après 1945, la légitimité du régime est totalement renversée, et ce changement de statut sur la scène internationale n’est pas sans conséquence sur l’équilibre interne du pouvoir et sur sa représentation symbolique. À l’inverse des commémorations du 7 novembre, qui confortent la légitimité révolutionnaire du régime, c’est-à-dire le Parti, le 9 mai, jour de la victoire, est une mise en scène de l’armée et du sacrifice de la population. Le 9 mai contre le 7 novembre c’est l’histoire de la concurrence de deux légitimités et de la façon dont les équipes dirigeantes successives se sont efforcées d’en gérer la mise en scène.
New Insights on OX40 in the Control of T Cell Immunity and Immune Tolerance In Vivo
Authors: Xiao Xiang , Gong Weihua , Demirci Gulcin , Liu Wentao , Spoerl Silvia , Chu Xiufeng , Bishop D. Keith , Turka Laurence A. , Li Xian C. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
OX40 is a T cell costimulatory molecule that belongs to the TNFR superfamily. In the absence of immune activation, OX40 is selectively expressed by Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), but not by resting conventional T cells. The exact role of OX40 in Treg homeostasis and function remains incompletely defined. In this study, we demonstrate that OX40 engagement in vivo in naive mice induces initial expansion of Foxp3+ Tregs, but the expanded Tregs have poor suppressive function and exhibit features of exhaustion. We also show that OX40 enables the activation of the Akt and Stat5 pathways in Tregs, resulting in transient proliferation of Tregs and reduced levels of Foxp3 expression. This creates a state of relative IL-2 deficiency in naive mice that further impacts Tregs. This exhausted Treg phenotype can be prevented by exogenous IL-2, as both OX40 and IL-2 agonists drive further expansion of Tregs in vivo. Importantly, Tregs expanded by both OX40 and IL-2 agonists are potent suppressor cells, and in a heart transplant model, they promote long-term allograft survival. Our data reveal a novel role for OX40 in promoting immune tolerance and may have important clinical implications.
Quantum Limits of Eisenstein Series and Scattering States
Authors: Petridis Yiannis N. , Raulf Nicole , Risager Morten S. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract.We identify the quantum limits of scattering states for the modular surface. This is obtained through the study of quantum measures of non-holomorphic Eisenstein series away from the critical line. We provide a range of stability for the quantum unique ergodicity theorem of Luo and Sarnak.
Interactions Between Amino Acid‐Tagged Naphthalenediimide and Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes for the Design and Construction of New Bioimaging Probes
Authors: Hu Zhiyuan , Pantoş G. Dan , Kuganathan Navaratnarajah , Arrowsmith Rory L. , Jacobs Robert M. J. , Kociok‐Köhn Gabriele , O'Byrne Justin , Jurkschat Kerstin , Burgos Pierre , Tyrrell Rex M. , Botchway Stan W. , Sanders Jeremy K. M. , Pascu Sofia I. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA new synthetic route to functionalized single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) via supramolecular interactions using a specifically designed naphthalenediimide (NDI) nanoreceptor is demonstrated. The tendency of the NDI to spontaneously form composites with carbon nanomaterials leads to fluorescent amino acid tagged SWNTs, which are dispersible in widely accessible organic solvents (CHCl3, DMSO) as well as in biocompatible cell medium (EMEM, Eagle's modified essential medium). The X‐ray crystal structure of the first iodine‐tagged and amino acid‐functionalized NDI molecule, designed especially to facilitate the high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR TEM) imaging whilst retaining its ability to self‐assemble into a nanodimensional receptor in weakly polar solvents, is also described. A new hybrid material, NDI@SWNT, was prepared and characterized as dispersed in organic solvents and aqueous media and in the solid state by HR TEM, tapping mode atomic force microscopy (TM AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), circular dichroism, Raman and fluorescence spectroscopies (steady‐state single and two‐photon techniques). Combined microscopy techniques, density functional theory (DFT) calculations using the Spanish Initiative for Electronic Simulations with Thousands of Atoms (SIESTA) program and spectroscopic measurements in solution indicate that amino acid‐functionalized NDI interacts strongly with SWNTs and forms a donor‐acceptor complex. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations predicted the geometry and the binding energies of an NDI molecule loaded onto a SWNT strand and the possibility of charge transfer interactions within the hybrid. The NDI@SWNT composite translocates into cells (e.g. FEK‐4, HeLa, MCF‐7) as an intact object and localizes in the cells' cytoplasm and partially in the nucleus. The NDI coating enhances the biocompatibility of SWNTs and mediates its intracellular localization as shown by confocal fluorescence imaging and fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) techniques. The excited state fluorescence lifetime of the probes in cells versus solution phase indicates that the probes remain unaffected by the change in their chemical environment within the experimental timescale (2 h).
Retracted: Copper‐Catalyzed Cascade Reaction for Practical and Efficient Synthesis of Alkyl 2H‐Isoindole‐1‐carboxylates
Authors: Biswas Subhasish , Nayak Maloy , Kanojiya Sanjeev , Batra Sanjay 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe copper‐catalyzed cascade reaction comprising the condensation/α‐arylation between 2‐halobenzaldehydes and α‐amino acid esters provides a straightforward methodology for the efficient synthesis of alkyl 2H‐isoindole‐1‐carboxylates.
A Tin‐Free, Radical Photocatalyzed Addition to Vinyl Sulfones
Authors: Ravelli Davide , Montanaro Sara , Zema Michele , Fagnoni Maurizio , Albini Angelo 
Published: December 2011

AbstractRadical conjugate addition onto vinyl sulfones was achieved by means of a convenient, tin‐free procedure. This was based on the photocatalyzed CH bond activation in aldehydes, amides, ethers and even cycloalkanes by using tetrabutylammonium decatungstate (TBADT). The reaction was likewise effective for the functionalization of β‐substituted vinyl sulfones. The products are useful building blocks and were obtained in satisfactory yields both under artificial UV light and under sunlight, so demonstrating the “green” potential of the process.
Mechanistic Studies into Metal‐Catalyzed Aldoxime to Amide Rearrangements
Authors: Allen C. Liana , Lawrence Ruth , Emmett Liam , Williams Jonathan M. J. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe metal‐catalyzed rearrangement of aldoximes into primary amides is a completely atom economical synthetic method for the preparation of one of the most important functional groups in chemistry. There have been several reports of various metals successfully catalyzing this reaction, however, there are conflicting views as to the mechanism involved. Herein we report new experimental evidence to support the mechanism and whether this is universal to all catalysts reported or metal specific. We also describe our further studies into the mechanism of the nickel‐catalyzed acylation of amines with aldoximes.
Secondary Metabolite Profile in Induced Tetraploids of Wild Solanum commersoniiDun.
Authors: Caruso Immacolata , Lepore Laura , De Tommasi Nunziatina , Dal Piaz Fabrizio , Frusciante Luigi , Aversano Riccardo , Garramone Raffaele , Carputo Domenico 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe main aim of this work was to study the leaf secondary metabolite profiles of artificially induced tetraploids (2n=4x=48) of Solanum commersonii, a diploid (2n=2x=24) wild potato species. The tetraploid genotypes of S. commersonii were produced by oryzalin treatment. Both HPLC‐UV and LC/MS analyses revealed that there were no qualitative differences in the metabolite profiles between the diploid S. commersonii and its tetraploids. By contrast, the results showed that the phenylpropanoid content was generally significantly higher in the tetraploids than in the diploid S. commersonii. Concerning the glycoalkaloids (GAs), the results provided evidence that the content of minor GAs (solanidenediol triose, solanidadienol lycotetraose, and solanidenol lycotetraose) was higher in tetraploids than in the diploid progenitor, while the content of major GAs (dehydrodemissine and dehydrocommersonine) was significantly higher in diploid S. commersonii than in its tetraploid genotypes. The results are discussed from the practical perspective of potato biodiversity enhancement.
Bleeding complications in primary percutaneous coronary intervention of ST‐elevation myocardial infarction in a radial center
Authors: Barthélémy Olivier , Silvain Johanne , Brieger David , Mercadier Anne , Lancar Remi , Bellemain‐Appaix Anne , Beygui Farzin , Collet Jean Philippe , Costagliola Dominique , Montalescot Gilles 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectives: We evaluated the incidence, types, and prognostic impact of bleeding complications in a non‐selected patient population with ongoing STEMI treated with aggressive antithrombotic treatment and routine radial primary PCI. Background: Bleeding complications remain frequent and deleterious in primary PCI through femoral approach. Methods: STEMI patients (n = 671) were evaluated for bleeding complications using a web‐based registry (e‐PARIS). In‐hospital bleeding was adjudicated using the TIMI definition. Results: In this non‐selected, high risk population, 6.1% had cardiogenic shock on admission, 3.9% out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest. Radial access (88%) was the default strategy as was abciximab (78%). Clopidogrel loading dose ranged from 300 to 900 mg. Pre‐hospital fibrinolysis was rare (7.1%). Hemodynamic support devices (IABP, ECMO, Tandem Heart) were needed in 7.0%. In‐hospital TIMI Major and TIMI Major/minor bleedings occurred in 2.5 and 5.7% of the population, respectively. In‐hospital and 1‐year mortality rates were 5.5 and 8.2%, respectively. Patients with in‐hospital TIMI Major/minor bleeding had a higher 1‐year mortality rate (31.6% vs. 3.8%, P < 0.001). The most frequent bleeding site was gastro‐intestinal. Radial access was a strong predictor of survival (OR 0.33; 95%CI 0.17–0.56; P = 0.002). Conclusions: In the setting of radial primary PCI, the rates and types of bleeding complications are somewhat different from those observed with femoral primary PCI. The gastro‐intestinal tract has become the most frequent site of bleeding after radial primary PCI. The use of radial access appears independently associated with survival. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Detached tip of a transseptal sheath during left atrial ablation
Authors: El‐Damaty Ahmed , Love Michael , Parkash Ratika 
Published: December 2011

AbstractLeft atrial ablation has become more commonplace with the advent of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. A number of transseptal sheaths have been produced to enhance safe and efficient catheter manipulation in the left atrium (LA) for these procedures. Some of the sheaths have been subject to recall due to partial or complete detachment of its radiopaque tip. We report a case of a 46 year‐old female diagnosed with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy that presented with atypical left atrial flutter. During electrophysiologic study, a Swartz braided SL1 (SL‐1) transseptal sheath was used to introduce the ablation catheter to the left atrium. During left atrial mapping, the radiopaque tip of the sheath detached from the rest of the sheath and was seen floating in the LA. After exchanging the SL‐1 sheath with a deflectable sheath, the detached segment was retrieved out of the LA and eventually out of the vascular system using an angioplasty balloon advanced over a wire and inflated distal to the lumen of the detached tip. The root cause of this malfunction was found to be lack of a secondary bonding process that these sheaths generally undergo during the manufacturing process. We describe the case of a left atrial ablation procedure where a novel percutaneous method was able to successfully retrieve the detached tip of a transseptal sheath from the vascular system, thereby avoiding a potential catastrophic complication or thoracotomy. This method may be useful in other cases where similar circumstances may present. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
StarClose® vascular closure system (VCS) is safe and effective in patients who ambulate early following successful femoral artery access closure—results from the RISE clinical trial
Authors: Burke M. Nicholas , Hermiller James , Jaff Michael R. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjective: The RISE study was a prospective, multicenter, single‐arm study evaluating the safety and efficacy of the StarClose® Vascular Closure System (VCS) in the femoral artery in subjects who were ambulated early following percutaneous diagnostic coronary or peripheral catheterization procedures. Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that several vascular closure devices are able to safely decrease the amount of bedrest needed following angiography. To date, no device has been shown to be safe for immediate ambulation. Methods: Between April 2006 and November 2006, 315 patients undergoing a catheterization via the femoral artery were enrolled (intent‐to‐treat population, ITT). Of these, 171 subjects were not excluded by angiographic or clinical criteria and had a StarClose device placed to attain hemostasis. If hemostasis was immediately achieved, patients were ambulated within 20 min for 20 feet without assistance (per‐protocol population, PP). Patients were followed for 30 days after the index procedure. The primary endpoint of the study was time to ambulation (TTA). Results: Immediate hemostasis was achieved in 156 patients (91.2%). The mean TTA in the PP was 8.29 min, median 5.92. There were no deaths or major vascular complications, and the rate of minor vascular complications was 1.9% (3/156). Conclusion: The StarClose® VCS device is both safe and effective allowing immediate ambulation of patients who have undergone catheterization via the femoral artery. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nucleophilic Reactivities of the Anions of Nucleobases and Their Subunits
Authors: Breugst Martin , Corral Bautista Francisco , Mayr Herbert 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe kinetics of the reactions of different heterocyclic anions derived from imidazoles, purines, pyrimidines, and related compounds with benzhydrylium ions and structurally related quinone methides have been studied in DMSO and water. The second‐order rate constants (log k2) correlated linearly with the electrophilicity parameters E of the electrophiles according to the correlation log k2 = sN(N+E) (H. Mayr, M. Patz, Angew. Chem. 1994, 106, 990–1010; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 938–957) allowing us to determine the nucleophilicity parameters N and sN for these anions. In DMSO, the reactivities of these heterocyclic anions vary by more than six orders of magnitude and are comparable to carbanions, amide and imide anions, or amines. The azole anions are generally four to five orders of magnitude more reactive than their conjugate acids.
Short Gold Nanorod Growth Revisited: The Critical Role of the Bromide Counterion
Authors: Si Satyabrata , Leduc Cecile , Delville Marie‐Hélène , Lounis Brahim 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA one‐step, surfactant‐assisted, seed‐mediated method has been utilized for the growth of short gold nanorods with reasonable yield by modifying an established synthesis protocol. Among the various parameters that influence nanorod growth, the impact of the bromide counterion has been closely scrutinized. During this study it has been shown that, irrespective of its origin, the bromide counterion [cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) or NaBr] plays a crucial role in the formation of nanorods in the sense that there is a critical [Br−]/[Au3+] ratio (around 200) to achieve nanorods with a maximum aspect ratio. Beyond this value, bromide can be considered as a poisoning agent unless shorter nanorods are required. The use of AgNO3 helps in symmetry breaking for gold nanorod growth, whereas the bromide counterion controls the growth kinetics by selective adsorption on the facets of the growth direction. Thus, a proper balance between bromide ions and gold cations is also one of the necessary parameters for controlling the size of the gold nanorods; this has been discussed thoroughly. The results have been discussed based on their absorption spectra and finally shape evolution has been confirmed by TEM. Due to their efficient absorption in the near‐IR region, these short nanorods were used in photothermal imaging of living COS‐7 cells with improved signal‐to‐background ratios.
Ionization of Methane Clusters in Helium Nanodroplets
Authors: Leidlmair Christian , Bartl Peter , Schöbel Harald , Denifl Stephan , Yang Shengfu , Ellis Andrew M. , Scheier Paul 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe electron ionization of helium droplets doped with methane clusters is investigated for the first time using high‐resolution mass spectrometry. The dominant ion products ejected into the gas phase are the unprotonated (CH4)n+ cluster ions along with the protonated ions, CH5+(CH4)n−1. The mass spectra show clear evidence for magic numbers, which are broadly consistent with icosahedral shell closings. However, unusual features were observed, including different magic numbers for CH5+(CH4)n−1 (n=55, 148) when compared to (CH4)n+ (n=54, 147). Possible interpretations for some of these differences are proposed. Products of the type [C2Hx(CH4)n]+, which result from ion–molecule chemistry, are also observed and these too show clear magic number features. Finally, we report the first observation of (CH4)n2+ dications from methane clusters. The threshold for dication survival occurs at n≥70 and is in good agreement with a liquid droplet model for fission of multiply charged ions. Furthermore, we present evidence showing that these dications are formed by an unusual two‐step mechanism which is initiated by charge transfer to generate a monocation and is then followed by Penning ionization to generate a dication.