bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantification of Mucosa oxygenation using three discrete spectral bands of visible light
Authors: Fawzy Y. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractQuantification of the mucosa oxygenation levels during Endoscopic imaging provides useful physiological/diagnostic information. In this work a method for non‐contact quantification of the oxygen saturation index during Endoscopic imaging using three discrete spectral‐band in the blue, the green, and the red parts of the spectrum (RGB bands) has been investigated. The oxygen saturation index (TOI_rgb) was calculated from the three discrete RGB spectral bands using diffusion approximation modeling and least‐square analysis. A parametric study performed to identify the optimum band width for each of the three spectral bands. The quantification algorithm was applied to in vivo images of the endobronchial mucosa to calculate (TOI_rgb) from selected areas within the image view. The results were compared to that obtained from the full visible spectral (470–700 nm, 10 nm) measurements. The analysis showed that a band width of at least 20 nm in the blue and the green is required to obtain best results. The results showed that the method provides accurate estimation of the oxygenation levels with about 90% accuracy compared to that obtained using the full spectra. The results suggest the potential of quantifying the oxygen saturation levels from the three narrow RGB spectral bands/images. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Label‐free quantitative proteome analysis of skeletal tissues under mechanical load
Authors: Zhang Wei‐Bing , Wang Lin 
Published: August 2009

AbstractSkeletal tissue has the capability to adapt its mass and structure in response to mechanical stress. However, the molecular mechanism of bone and cartilage to respond to mechanical stress are not fully understood. A label‐free quantitative proteome approach was used for the first time to obtain a global perspective of the response of skeletal tissue to mechanical stress. Label‐free quantitative analysis of 1D‐PAGE‐LC/MS/MS based proteomics was applied to identify differentially expressed proteins. Differential expression analysis in the experimental groups and control group showed significant changes for 248 proteins including proteins related to proliferation, differentiation, regulation of signal transduction and energy metabolic pathways. Fluorescence labeling by incorporation of alizarin/calcein in newly formed bone minerals qualitatively demonstrated new bone formation. Skeletal tissues under mechanical load evoked marked new bone formation in comparison with the control group. Bone material apposition was evident. Our data suggest that 39 proteins were assigned a role in anabolic process. Comparisons of anabolic versus catabolic features of the proteomes show that 42 proteins were related to catabolic. In addition, some proteins were related to regulation of signal transduction and energy pathways, such as tropomyosin 4, fibronectin 1, and laminin, might be new molecular targets that are responsive to mechanical force. Differentially expressed proteins identified in this model may offer a useful starting point for elucidating novel aspects of the effects of mechanical force on skeletal tissue. J. Cell. Biochem. 108: 600–611, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Future directions in clinical child and adolescent psychology: a delphi survey
Authors: James Rochelle L. , Roberts Michael C. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis study sought to identify the future directions in three domains: clinical practice, research, and training of clinical child and adolescent psychologists in the upcoming decade. Doctoral‐level active members in the field were surveyed via a two‐round Delphi survey (45 in round 1; 35 in round 2). Evidence‐based practice received the greatest consensus by the participants and highest rank in each of the three domains. Other highly ranked clinical practice directions included prevention and early diagnosis and treatment, and clinical services for specific psychological problems. Research directions focused on biological and social factors interactions in the etiology and treatment and specific child and adolescent disorders. In the training domain, major directions included the pursuit of specialty training in child and adolescent psychology and training emphasizing the biological basis of behavior. Implications of these future directions are discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 65: 1–12, 2009.
Understanding empowerment, meaning, and perceived coercion in individuals with serious mental illness
Authors: Strack Kristen M. , Schulenberg Stefan E. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis study investigated the relationship among the variables of perceived coercion, psychiatric symptoms, empowerment, and meaning in an inpatient sample of individuals with serious mental illness (N=94). It was hypothesized that empowerment would be strongly related to the level of psychiatric symptoms and meaning, but not significantly related to coercion. Participants were recruited from inpatient facilities and completed the MacArthur Perceived Coercion Scale, the Empowerment Scale, the Brief Symptom Inventory, and the Life Purpose Questionnaire. The results suggested that empowerment is significantly associated with the presence of meaning in one's life as well as the level of psychiatric symptoms. Coercion was not significantly related to empowerment. Implications for clinical practice are discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 65: 1–12, 2009.
Objective assessment of circadian activity and sleep patterns in individuals at behavioural risk of hypomania
Authors: Ankers David , Jones Steven H. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAlthough sleep and circadian rhythm disturbances are significant features of bipolar disorder and are associated with illness severity and recurrence, less is known about their significance prior to illness onset. Therefore, this study investigated these variables using objective assessment methods within a sample at high‐risk of bipolar spectrum disorders. Thirty‐one high‐risk and 24 age‐ and gender‐matched control participants wore an actigraph for 7 days to obtain sleep and circadian activity data. Self‐report measures of mood, bed and get‐up times, and cognitive style were also obtained. High‐risk participants exhibited greater variability in duration, fragmentation, and efficiency of sleep, shorter sleep duration, and later and more variable bedtimes than controls. They also had lower relative amplitude of activity patterns and made more positive self‐appraisals for hypomanic experiences. Logistic regression showed that positive self‐appraisal and variability in bedtime significantly discriminated between the two groups. Results suggest that sleep and circadian activity differences are apparent in high‐risk participants and, therefore, may not simply represent an artifact of the illness. Such individuals also report cognitive styles consistent with those observed in bipolar patients. Relevance of these results to current evolutions of the instability theory of bipolar disorder is discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 65: 1–16, 2009.
Extraction and separation of rare earths from chloride medium with mixtures of 2‐ethylhexylphosphonic acid mono‐(2‐ethylhexyl) ester and sec‐nonylphenoxy acetic acid
Authors: Song Naizhong , Tong Shanshan , Liu Wei , Jia Qiong , Zhou Weihong , Liao Wuping 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: 2‐ethylhexylphosphonic acid mono‐(2‐ethylhexyl) ester (HEHEHP, H2A2) has been applied extensively to the extraction of rare earths. However, there are some limitations to its further utilization and the synergistic extraction of rare earths with mixtures of HEHEHP and another extractant has attracted much attention. Organic carboxylic acids are also a type of extractant employed for the extraction of rare earths, e.g. naphthenic acid has been widely used to separate yttrium from rare earths. Compared with naphthenic acid, sec‐nonylphenoxy acetic acid (CA100, H2B2) has many advantages such as stable composition, low solubility, and strong acidity in the aqueous phase. In the present study, the extraction of rare earths with mixtures of HEHEHP and CA100 has been investigated. The separation of the rare earth elements is also studied.RESULTS: The synergistic enhancement coefficient decreases with increasing atomic number of the lanthanoid. A significant synergistic effect is found for the extraction of La3+ as the complex LaH2ClA2B2 with mixtures of HEHEHP and CA100. The equilibrium constant and thermodynamic functions obtained from the experimental results are 10−0.92 (KAB), 13.23 kJ mol−1 (ΔH), 5.25 kJ mol−1 (ΔG), and 26.75 J mol−1 K−1 (ΔS), respectively.CONCLUSION: Graphical and numerical methods have been successfully employed to determine the stoichiometries for the extraction of La3+ with mixtures of HEHEHP and CA100. The mixtures have different extraction effects on different rare earths, which provides the possibility for the separation of yttrium from heavy rare earths at an appropriate ratio of HEHEHP and CA100. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Systemic adenoviral gene delivery to orthotopic murine breast tumors with ablation of coagulation factors, thrombocytes and Kupffer cells
Authors: Koski Anniina , Rajecki Maria , Guse Kilian , Kanerva Anna , Ristimäki Ari , Pesonen Sari , Escutenaire Sophie , Hemminki Akseli 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackgroundRapid clearance of adenoviruses from blood by macrophage lineage cells of the liver and spleen, and binding to platelets, hinder their successful systemic use for cancer gene therapy. Vitamin K dependent coagulation factors are important mediators for the adenovirus liver tropism. Here we aim to determine the effects of coagulation factor, thrombocyte and liver macrophage (Kupffer cell) ablation on biodistribution of serotype 5 adenoviruses in mice with orthotopic breast tumors.MethodsPrior to intravenous injection of adenoviruses, mice bearing orthotopic breast tumors were pretreated with warfarin to inhibit vitamin K dependent coagulation factor synthesis, an anti‐platelet antibody causing thrombocytopenia or an inhibitor of the Kupffer cell scavenger receptor or their combination. Virus availability in blood after injection was determined from blood samples and transgene expression in tissues analyzed 72 hours afterwards with In Vivo Imaging and luciferase assays.ResultsWarfarin pretreatment reduced gene delivery to liver, spleen and lung. Kupffer cell ablation increased persistence of adenoviruses in blood but didn't affect biodistribution significantly. Depletion of Kupffer cells combined with thrombocytopenia doubled the systemic gene delivery of 5/3 chimeric adenovirus to tumors (p < 0.05). Triple ablation of platelets, Kupffer cells and coagulation factors increased the tumor to liver ratio of systemic adenovirus gene delivery by 81% (p < 0.05).ConclusionsDepletion of coagulation factors can reduce transduction of liver, spleen and lung. Kupffer cell depletion is the most feasible method of increasing amount adenovirus in systemic blood flow and in combination with ablation of thrombocytes can increase the transduction of adenovirus to tumors. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Peripheral neuropathies: A practical approach for the hospitalist
Authors: Thompson Rachel , Weiss Michael D. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractPeripheral neuropathies are a common problem with a myriad of potential etiologies that may be encountered acutely. Early diagnosis of certain neuropathies can lead to life‐saving therapy. This article reviews the literature on diagnostic approaches to peripheral neuropathies and suggests a structured framework of pattern recognition and systematic evaluation to aid the hospitalist in efficient evaluation of urgent cases. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2009;4:371–374. © 2009 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Delay in blood glucose monitoring during an insulin infusion protocol is associated with increased risk of hypoglycemia in intensive care units
Authors: Garg Rajesh , Jarry Amy , Pendergrass Merri 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Hypoglycemia during insulin infusion therapy is a major problem. We investigated whether a delay in blood glucose (BG) monitoring during an insulin infusion protocol (IIP) in the intensive care unit (ICU) is associated with hypoglycemia.METHODS:Data were collected for 50 consecutive patients treated with Brigham and Women's Hospital's IIP. Point‐of‐care BG values were obtained from the bedside paper flow sheets and the exact times of individual measurements were ascertained from an internet‐based glucose meter download program. Data were carefully studied for protocol time violations, defined as a delay of >10 minutes after the recommended time for BG measurement.RESULTS:A total of 2309 BG values were evaluated for time violation. A total of 1474 (63.9%) measurements had been obtained at the recommended time or earlier; 835 (36.1%) measurements had been obtained >10 minutes after the recommended time for measurement. There were a significantly higher proportion of BG values <80 mg/dL following the time violation as compared to no time violation (17.8% versus 11.6%; P < 0.001).CONCLUSION:We conclude that the risk of hypoglycemia during insulin infusion therapy is higher after a delay in BG measurement. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2009;4:E5–E7. © 2009 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Meningoencephalitis‐complicating herpes zoster ophthalmicus infection
Authors: Srinivasan Saranya , Ahn Grace , Anderson Andy 
Published: August 2009

AbstractHerpes zoster ophthalmicus is a known complication of herpes zoster and the most common manifestation of cranial zoster, accounting for a significant number of zoster cases.1 An uncommon but serious complication of herpes zoster ophthalmicus is zoster meningoencephalitis. The exact incidence of herpes zoster meningoencephalitis is not known; in 1 series, 5.5% of patients who initially presented with ophthalmic zoster had neurological complications.2 Here we report a case of herpes zoster meningoencephalitis in a patient with herpes zoster ophthalmicus. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2009;4:E19–E22. © 2009 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) for polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) due to coronary vasospasm
Authors: Bhat Pradeep K. , Quan Kara J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe report a case of a young woman who presented with atypical angina. During an episode of chest pain she had a documented run of sustained polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT). In addition to medical therapy, she received an ICD to prevent future episodes of sudden cardiac death. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2009;4:E23–E25. © 2009 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Antibiotic considerations in the treatment of multidrug‐resistant (MDR) pathogens: A case‐based review
Authors: Reddy Pavani , Chadaga Smitha , Noskin Gary A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe recent rise in antimicrobial resistance among health‐care associated pathogens is a growing public health concern. According to the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System, rates of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in intensive care units have nearly doubled over the last decade. Of equal importance, gram‐negative agents such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and extended‐spectrum beta lactamase–producing Enterobacteriaceae demonstrate increasing resistance to third‐generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and, in some cases, carbapenems. As a consequence, hospitalists may find themselves utilizing new antibiotics in the treatment of bacterial infections. This case‐based review will highlight 8 antibiotics that have emerging clinical indications in treating these multidrug‐resistant (MDR) pathogens. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2009;4:E8–E15. © 2009 Society of Hospital Medicine.
A SAFE DC: A conceptual framework for care of the homeless inpatient
Authors: Best Jennifer A. , Young Audrey 
Published: August 2009

AbstractHomeless patients suffer disproportionately from medical disease and from barriers to healthcare, affecting their likelihood of presentation, severity of disease, long‐term outcomes, and mortality. In the hospital, homeless patients are frequently cared for by hospitalists. Homeless patients' unstable social situation may challenge usual systems of inpatient care and discharge. To provide more effective care for this group, it is important to recognize the demographics of the hospitalized homeless patient. We suggest a structured approach to the inpatient care of the unstably housed patient, represented by a simple mnemonic checklist “A SAFE DC,” describing evidence‐based adaptations of care, where available, and discussing systems‐based approaches to discharge. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2009;4:375–381. © 2009 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Flexibility of paramagnetic (d1) organometallic dithiolene complex [Cp2Mo(dmit)]+• studied by Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Świetlik Roman , Łapiński Andrzej , Fourmigué Marc , Yakushi Kyuya 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe report on the experimental and theoretical studies of the flexible organometallic complex Cp2Mo(dmit) which often exhibits a folding in the solid state. Raman spectra of charge‐transfer salts formed by Cp2Mo(dmit) with various anions (Br−, BF4−, PF6−, SbF6−, ReO(dmit)2−, TCNQF4−) were measured at room temperature using red (632.8 nm) and near‐infrared (780 nm) excitations. The influence of the folding of the MoS2C2 metallacycle in [Cp2Mo(dmit)]+• cation on the Raman spectra was investigated. Due to folding of [Cp2Mo(dmit)]+•, the bands related to the CC and some CS stretching vibrations shift toward lower wavenumbers by about 0.5–0.6 cm−1deg−1. The bond lengths, charge distribution on atoms, highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energies, and dipole moments for neutral and ionized complex with various folding angles were calculated by density functional theory (DFT) methods. Additionally, the normal vibrational modes and theoretical Raman spectra were calculated and compared with experimental data. Our results indicate that vibrational spectroscopy can be applied for investigation of complex deformations in the solid state. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stability of a soybean seed‐derived vaccine antigen following long‐term storage, processing and transport in the absence of a cold chain
Authors: Oakes Judy L , Bost Kenneth L , Piller Kenneth J 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Soybean seeds are rich in natural protein and are favorable environments for targeted protein expression. Soybeans represent an ideal platform for the production of novel vaccines that, in theory, do not require a cold chain. This study investigated the stability of a soybean‐derived antigen following long‐term storage, formulation, and shipment overseas in the absence of refrigeration.RESULTS: Transgenic seeds can be stored for more than 4 years at ambient temperature with no detectable loss of FanC antigen stability. Conventional processing methods utilizing heat, mechanical extraction and solvent extraction resulted in practical formulations that could be lyophilized, stored as dried milk powder and rehydrated in water without loss of FanC antigen stability. Overseas shipment of transgenic seed powder and soymilk formulations in the absence of a cold chain had no adverse effects on formulations or the FanC antigen.CONCLUSION: The feasibility of long‐term storage, processing and shipment of transgenic soy products in the absence of a cold chain was demonstrated. Soybeans represent a practical platform for development of novel vaccines to potentially address the worldwide need for vaccines that are cost‐effective, easy to formulate and can be manufactured, stored and transported without refrigeration. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
In vitro effects of phlorotannins from Ascophyllum nodosum (brown seaweed) on rumen bacterial populations and fermentation
Authors: Wang Yuxi , Alexander Trevor W , McAllister Tim A 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Use of brown algae (seaweed) in ruminant diets is increasing, but the effects of its phlorotannins (PT) on rumen microbial ecology have not been determined. Mixed forage (50:25:25 ground barley silage–alfalfa hay–grass hay) was used as substrate in a batch culture ruminal incubation that included PT extracted from Ascophyllum nodosum, with and without polyethylene glycol. Principal ruminal bacteria were quantified using real‐time polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS: At 500 µg mL−1, PT reduced growth of Fibrobacter succinogenes by 78%, 83% and 65% at 6, 12 and 24 h (P < 0.001), Ruminococcus albus at 24 h only (P < 0.01) and did not affect R. flavefaciens. Non‐cellulolytic bacteria Selenomonas ruminantium, Ruminobacter amylophilus and Prevotella bryantii were increased (P < 0.001) by PT at 12 and 24 h. Effects of PT on fermentation products (gas production, volatile fatty acid profiles and ammonia accumulation) were consistent with alterations in rumen microbial populations.CONCLUSION: The effects of PT on ruminal bacteria were species‐dependent, which suggests that diet may mediate PT effects on animal performance. The variation in sensitivity of ruminal bacteria to PT reflects previously reported effects of condensed tannins from terrestrial plants on microbial populations. Copyright © 2009 Crown in the right of Canada. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
A numerical study of the effect of sea breeze circulation on photochemical pollution over a highly industrialized peninsula
Authors: Mangia Cristina , Schipa Ilenia , Tanzarella Annalisa , Conte Dario , Marra Gian Paolo , Marcello Miglietta Mario , Rizza Umberto 
Published: August 2009

AbstractNumerical simulations compared with measurements are used to investigate the effect of sea breeze circulation on the ozone accumulation over a highly industrialized peninsula in southern Italy, where high levels of ozone concentration are often registered. A frequent meteorological phenomenon in this region during weak summer synoptic conditions is the development of complex sea breeze systems from the coastlines, with convergence areas within the peninsula. A case study characterized by strong winds alternating with sea breeze circulations was selected. The simulations show that during weak synoptic conditions, sea breezes transport ozone and its precursors over land from the sea, as well as from the coastlines where the largest industrialized districts are localized. The overlapping breezes lead to ozone accumulation in the area where sea breeze convergence occurs. This may explain the high values of ozone registered close to the sea breeze convergence lines. The comparison between predictions and experimental data indicates that the numerical system successfully reproduces both weather and ground level ozone concentration in different meteorological conditions, resulting in a fundamental tool for both scientific comprehension of the evolution of air contaminants and interpretation of the monitoring data. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society