bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fighting Fair: Adaptive Marital Conflict Strategies as Predictors of Future Adolescent Peer and Romantic Relationship Quality
Authors: Miga Erin M. , Gdula Julie Ann , Allen Joseph P. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis study examined the associations between reasoning during inter‐parental conflict and autonomous adolescent conflict negotiation with peers over time. Participants included 133 adolescents and their parents, peers, and romantic partners in a multi‐method, multiple reporter, longitudinal study. Inter‐parental reasoning at adolescent age of 13 predicted greater autonomy and relatedness in observed adolescent–peer conflict one year later and lower levels of autonomy undermining during observed romantic partner conflict five years later. Inter‐parental reasoning also predicted greater satisfaction and affection in adolescent romantic relationships seven years later. Findings suggest that autonomy‐promoting behaviors exhibited in the inter‐parental context may influence adolescents' own more autonomous approaches to subsequent peer and romantic conflict. Possible explanatory models are discussed, including social learning theory and attachment theory.
The Developmental Progression of Understanding of Mind during a Hiding Game
Authors: Nelson P. Brooke , Adamson Lauren B. , Bakeman Roger 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn this longitudinal study, 52 typically developing preschoolers engaged in a hiding game with their mothers when children were 42‐, 54‐, and 66‐months old. Children's understanding of mind, positive affect, and engagement with the task were rated, and mothers' utterances were coded for role and content. Analyses confirmed that some facets of children's understanding of mind developed sequentially; specifically, they expressed an understanding of knowledge access before an understanding of deception and false beliefs, and expressed an understanding of deception before an understanding of false beliefs. Children's understanding of mind increased across visits and positively correlated with false belief task performance. Results suggest that mothers may tailor the content of their utterances to the child's growing expertise, but the role of mothers' utterances did not change. Observing preschoolers engaged in a playful hiding game revealed that children's understanding of mind not only increased with age but also developed sequentially.
Temperament as a Moderator of the Effects of Parental Depressive Symptoms on Child Behavior Problems
Authors: Jessee Allison , Mangelsdorf Sarah C. , Shigeto Aya , Wong Maria S. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractParental depressive symptomatology has consistently been linked to child maladjustment, but these effects are not universal. This investigation examined the role of child temperament as a moderator of the effects of parental depression on behavior problems in five‐year‐old children. Parents reported on their own depressive symptoms, and both parents and teachers reported on child behavior. Temperament was assessed by both parent‐report and structured observation. Results indicated significant associations between behavior problems and both depressive symptoms (maternal and paternal) and child temperament (effortful control and negative affect). Child surgency moderated the effects of both maternal and paternal depressive symptoms on child behavior problems. Child negative affect and incongruous negative emotionality moderated the effects of maternal depressive symptoms on child behavior problems. These findings point to the importance of examining multiple factors within the family system to further understand the processes of child development.
Childhood personality types: vulnerability and adaptation over time
Authors: De Clercq Barbara , Rettew David , Althoff Robert R. , De Bolle Marleen 
Published: December 2011

Background:  Substantial evidence suggests that a Five‐Factor Model personality assessment generates a valid description of childhood individual differences and relates to a range of psychological outcomes. Less is known, however, about naturally occurring profiles of personality and their links to psychopathology. The current study explores whether childhood personality characteristics tend to cluster in particular personality profiles that show unique associations with psychopathology and quality of life across time.Methods:  Latent class analysis was conducted on maternal rated general personality of a Flemish childhood community sample (N = 477; mean age 10.6 years). The associations of latent class membership probability with psychopathology and quality of life 2 years later were examined, using a multi‐informant perspective.Results:  Four distinguishable latent classes were found, representing a Moderate, a Protected, an Undercontrolled and a Vulnerable childhood personality type. Each of these types showed unique associations with childhood outcomes across raters.Conclusions:  Four different personality types can be delineated at young age and have a significant value in understanding vulnerability and adaptation over time.
The association of serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 and D2 with depressive symptoms in childhood – a prospective cohort study
Authors: Tolppanen Anna‐Maija , Sayers Adrian , Fraser William D. , Lewis Glyn , Zammit Stanley , Lawlor Debbie A. 
Published: December 2011

Background:  Depression in adolescence is common and early onset predicts worse outcome in adulthood. Studies in adults have suggested a link between higher total 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations and lower risk of depression.Objectives:  To investigate (a) the association between serum 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 concentrations and depressive symptoms in children, and (b) whether the associations of 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 are different from, and independent of, each other.Methods:  Prospective cohort study with serum 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 concentrations measured at mean age of 9.8 years and depressive symptoms assessed with the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire by a trained interviewer at the mean ages of 10.6 years (n = 2,759) and 13.8 years (n = 2,752).Results:  Higher concentrations of 25(OH)D3 assessed at mean age 9.8 years were associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms at age 13.8 years [adjusted risk ratio (RR; 95% confidence interval (CI)): 0.90 (0.86–0.95)], but not at age 10.6 years [adjusted RR (95% CI): 0.98 (0.93–1.03)] and with increased odds of decreasing symptoms between age 10.6 and 13.8 years [adjusted RR (95% CI): 1.08 (1.01–1.16)]. Serum 25(OH)D2 concentrations were not associated with depressive symptoms.Conclusions:  This is the first study in children to suggest that the association between 25(OH)D3 concentrations and depression emerges in childhood. The association is independent of a wide range of potential confounding factors, and appears to be stronger with greater time separation between assessment of 25(OH)D3 and assessment of depressive symptoms. Confirmation of our findings in large prospective studies and trials would be valuable.
Operation profile of zebrafish guanylate cyclase‐activating protein 3
Authors: Fries Ramona , Scholten Alexander , Säftel Werner , Koch Karl‐Wilhelm 
Published: December 2011

J. Neurochem. (2012) 121, 54–65.AbstractThe expression pattern and property profile of the neuronal Ca2+ sensor guanylate cyclase‐activating protein 3 (zGCAP3) was studied by immunochemical approaches, biophysical methods and enzymatic assays. Using affinity purified antibodies immunoreactivity towards zGCAP3 was weakly detected in the outer and strongly in the inner segments of cone cells as well as in the outer plexiform layer, to a lesser degree also in the inner plexiform and ganglion cell layer of the zebrafish retina. This cellular distribution was independent of a dark/light cycle. Some neuronal Ca2+ sensors are acylated (mainly myristoylated) at the amino‐terminus. Probing larval and adult stages of the developing zebrafish retina indicated that zGCAP3 was first expressed in a non‐myristoylated form, but was finally present in the adult retina as a myristoylated protein. While zGCAP3 did not undergo a classical Ca2+‐myristoyl switch as investigated by surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy, myristoylation had two main other consequences: it enhanced the Ca2+‐sensitivity of the Ca2+‐induced conformational change and it stabilized the protein conformation. Differences between myristoylated and non‐myristoylated zGCAP3 were also observed in modulating the kinetic and catalytic parameters of the GCAP‐target, a membrane bound guanylate cyclase. Thus, the stabilizing effect of the myristoyl group is apparently less important in the larval than in the adult fish.
The biogeographic legacy of an imperilled taxon provides a foundation for assessing lineage diversification, demography and conservation genetics
Authors: Malaney Jason L. , Frey Jennifer K. , Cook Joseph A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAim  To test alternative biogeographic hypotheses related to the diversification of a montane mammal (Zapus hudsonius luteus) endemic to the American Southwest.Location  South‐western United States.Methods  We used statistical phylogeographic analyses of mitochondrial DNA (1512 bp; two genes) from 93 individuals from six geographic regions to test diversification hypotheses. Species distribution models of climate and fossil records were integrated to assess contemporary and historical distributions and barriers to gene flow. We calculated dates of divergence and examined historical demography using coalescent simulations.Results  We documented monophyly of Z. h. luteus represented by 19 segregated haplotypes. Predicted current distribution generally coincided with known localities, while predicted paleodistributions suggested that this lineage was widespread throughout lower elevations of the American Southwest and on the Edwards Plateau (as documented by the fossil record). Population size did not change substantially during a westward shift in range that occurred in the last 100 k generations. Results supported fragmentation of a common ancestor during the Holocene as the most plausible explanation for genetic structure.Main conclusions  Monophyletic Z. h. luteus reflects fragmentation of a common ancestor with recent (Holocene) upslope colonization of disjunct montane areas. We refute the hypotheses of in situ divergence or origins from a Colorado Piedmont ancestor. Instead, westward colonization from the Edwards Plateau during the Wisconsin followed by Holocene fragmentation, which serves as a generalized biogeographic hypothesis for species associated with mesic graminoid habitats in the American Southwest. Further exploration of these signatures using independent nuclear DNA is warranted. Key conservation implications are (1) Z. h. luteus is a monophyletic lineage on an independent evolutionary trajectory; (2) Z. h. luteus shared a recent common ancestor with Z. h. pallidus (not Z. h. preblei); (3) mtDNA does not reflect recent population declines; and (4) coalescent simulations and species distribution models reflect Holocene fragmentation.
Evaluating abdominal oedema during experimental sepsis using an isotope technique
Authors: Lattuada Marco , Maripuu Enn , Segerstad Carl Hard af , Lundqvist Hans , Hedenstierna Göran 
Published: December 2011

SummaryPurpose:  Abdominal oedema is common in sepsis. A technique for the study of such oedema may guide in the fluid regime of these patients.Procedures:  We modified a double‐isotope technique to evaluate abdominal organ oedema and fluid extravasation in 24 healthy or endotoxin‐exposed (‘septic’) piglets. Two different markers were used: red blood cells (RBC) labelled with Technetium‐99m (99mTc) and Transferrin labelled with Indium111 (111In). Images were acquired on a dual‐head gamma camera. Microscopic evaluation of tissue biopsies was performed to compare data with the isotope technique.Results:  No 99mTc activity was measured in the plasma fraction in blood sampled after labelling. Similarly, after molecular size gel chromatography, 111In activity was exclusively found in the high molecular fraction of the plasma. Extravasation of transferrin, indicating the degree of abdominal oedema, was 4·06 times higher in the LPS group compared to the healthy controls (P<0·0001). Abdominal free fluid, studied in 3 animals, had as high 111In activity as in plasma, but no 99mTc activity. Intestinal lymphatic vessel size was higher in LPS (3·7 ± 1·1 μm) compared to control animals (0·6 + 0·2 μm; P<0·001) and oedema correlated to villus diameter (R2 = 0·918) and lymphatic diameter (R2 = 0·758). A correlation between a normalized index of oedema formation (NI) and intra‐abdominal pressure (IAP) was also found: NI = 0·46*IAP−3·3 (R2 = 0·56).Conclusions:  The technique enables almost continuous recording of abdominal oedema formation and may be a valuable tool in experimental research, with the potential to be applied in the clinic.
The effect of interval training combined with thigh cuffs pressure on maximal and submaximal exercise performance
Authors: Keramidas Michail E. , Kounalakis Stylianos N. , Geladas Nickos D. 
Published: December 2011

SummaryThe purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of interval training combined with a thigh cuffs pressure of +90 mmHg on maximal and submaximal cycling performance. Twenty untrained individuals were assigned either to a control (CON) or to an experimental (CUFF) training group. Both groups trained 3 days per week for 6 weeks at the same relative intensity; each training session consisted of 2‐min work bout at 90% of : 2‐min active recovery bout at 50% of . An incremental exercise test to exhaustion, a 6‐min constant‐power test at 80% of (Sub80) and a maximal constant‐power test to exhaustion (TF150) were performed pre‐ and post‐training. Despite the unchanged , both groups significantly increased peak power output (CON: ∼12%, CUFF: ∼20%) that was accompanied by higher deoxygenation (ΔStO2) measured with near‐infrared muscle spectroscopy. These changes were more pronounced in the CUFF group. Moreover, both groups reduced during the Sub80 test without concomitant changes in ΔStO2. TF150 was enhanced in both groups. Thus, an interval exercise training protocol under moderate restricted blood flow conditions does not provide any additive effect on maximal and submaximal cycling performance. However, it seems to induce peripheral muscular adaptations, despite the lower absolute training intensity.
Moral Hazard, Targeting and Contract Duration in Agri‐Environmental Policy
Authors: Fraser Rob 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis article extends the multi‐period agri‐environmental contract model of Fraser (Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 55, (2004) pp. 525–540) to include a more realistic specification of the inter‐temporal penalties for non‐compliance, and therefore of the inter‐temporal moral hazard problem in agri‐environmental policy design. It is shown that a farmer has an unambiguous preference for cheating early over cheating late in the contract period based on differences in the expected cost of compliance. It is then shown how the principal can make use of this unambiguous preference to target monitoring resources intertemporally, and in so doing, to encourage full contract duration compliance.
Farmers’ Willingness to Pay for a Tuberculosis Cattle Vaccine
Authors: Bennett Richard , Balcombe Kelvin 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe use contingent valuation (CV) and choice experiment (CE) methods to assess cattle farmers’ attitudes to and willingness to pay (WTP) for a bovine tuberculosis (bTB) cattle vaccine, to help inform vaccine development and policy. A survey questionnaire was administered by means of telephone interviews to a stratified sample of 300 cattle farmers in annually bTB‐tested areas in England and Wales. Farmers felt that bTB was a major risk for the cattle industry and that there was a high risk of their cattle getting the disease. The CE estimate produced a mean WTP of £35 per animal per single dose for a vaccine that is 90% effective at reducing the risk of a bTB breakdown and an estimated £55 for such a vaccine backed by 100% insurance of loss if a breakdown should occur. The CV estimate produced a mean WTP of nearly £17 per dose/per animal/per year for a vaccine (including 100% insurance) which, given the average lifespan of cattle, is comparable to the CE estimate. These WTP estimates are substantially higher than the expected cost of a vaccine which suggests that farmers in high risk bTB ‘hotspot’ areas perceive a substantial net benefit from buying the vaccine.
2011 European Association of the Study of the Liver hepatitis C virus clinical practice guidelines
Authors: Calvaruso Vincenza , Craxì Antonio 
Published: December 2011

AbstractHepatitis C virus (HCV) is the leading cause of liver transplantation in Europe and is associated with an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Because of the chronic nature of the disease, estimates suggest that the burden on healthcare will increase dramatically for this entity. Clinical care of patients with HCV‐related liver disease has advanced considerably in the last two decades, thanks to increasing knowledge about the mechanisms of the disease, development of diagnostic procedures, and advances in therapeutic and preventive approaches. HCV RNA testing, HCV genotyping and staging of liver disease are essential for the diagnosis and the management of HCV therapy. Furthermore, the important role of host polymorphisms of the IL28B gene on virological response to treatment with pegylated interferon (PEG‐IFN) alpha and ribavirin (RBV) has recently been clearly demonstrated. In relation to treatment, although numerous drugs for HCV are in various stages of preclinical and clinical development, the current standard of care (SoC) is the combination of PEG‐IFN‐α and RBV for chronic hepatitis C. With SoC, a sustained viral response (SVR) is achieved in approximately 45% of patients infected with HCV genotype 1 and in approximately 80% of patients infected with HCV genotypes 2 and 3. The EASL HCV guidelines recommend treating all naïve patients with compensated disease from HCV without contraindications to treatment and strongly suggest initiating SoC promptly in patients with advanced fibrosis. Further recommendations on monitoring treatment efficacy, treatment duration, dose reduction indications and the role of co‐factors are provided.
Treatment of chronic hepatitis C – are interferons really necessary?
Authors: Ferenci Peter 
Published: December 2011

AbstractDue to the side effect profile of pegylated interferons interferon treatment has become the holy grail of drug development for chronic hepatitis C. The precise role of interferon in treatment of hepatitis C is not fully understood, besides its antiviral effects interferon is an immune modulator. Nevertheless, recent proof of concept studies indicated, that cure of chronic hepatitis C can be achieved without interferon. Various compounds achieved this goal, like the polymerase inhibitor PSI 7977, the combination of NS5a inhibitor (daclatasvir) and a protease inhibitor (asunaprevir) and the cyclophillin antagonist alisporivir. Various other combinations are investigated currently. Providing that phase 3 studies will confirm these exciting data, direct acting antivirals or host targets will replace peginterferon/ribavirin combination therapy.
Boceprevir and telaprevir for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C: safety management in clinical practice
Authors: Hézode Christophe 
Published: December 2011

AbstractEffective management of adverse events (AEs) is important to prevent treatment discontinuation and optimize hepatitis C virus infection eradication rates. The addition of direct‐acting antiviral agents, telaprevir (TVR) or boceprevir to pegylated interferon (PEG‐IFN) and ribavirin (RBV) represents a new era of therapy associated with an improvement in treatment response rates and an impairment of the safety profile compared to PEG‐IFN/RBV. An increase in the frequency and severity of anaemia was reported in clinical trials for both drugs, and skin disorders including rash and pruritus occurred more frequently with the TVR‐based regimen. These AEs are generally manageable and do not lead to early discontinuation. The management of anaemia has not been clearly established, and the impact of RBV dose reductions and erythropoietin alpha use on treatment efficacy and safety must be clarified. The management of rashes, which were mild and moderate in more than 90% of the cases, is well planned, does not require TVR discontinuation and can be treated using emollients and topical corticosteroids. However, approximately 5% of rashes were severe, and a few cases were classified as severe cutaneous adverse reactions leading to treatment discontinuation.
Phase III results in Genotype 1 naïve patients: predictors of response with boceprevir and telaprevir combined with pegylated interferon and ribavirin
Authors: Kwo Paul Y. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe addition of telaprevir or boceprevir to pegylated interferon (PEG‐INF) and ribavirin (RBV) has improved sustained viral response (SVR) rates in genotype‐1‐infected individuals. The recent publication of Phase III trials has made it possible to examine pretreatment and on‐treatment predictors of response in genotype 1 naïve patients. Both telaprevir‐ and boceprevir‐based therapy improve SVR rates in most treatment groups including individuals who are difficult‐to‐treat such as those with a high viral load, Black patients and those with advanced fibrosis. Although data sets were not complete, patients with IL28B CT and TT genotype appear to significantly improve when these agents are combined with PEG‐INF and RBV. The presence of the IL‐28B CC genotype appears to be predictive for a short duration of therapy. On‐treatment viral response is also predictive of the SVR: approximately half of the patients are successfully treated with short duration and response‐guided therapy.
What's new in HCV genotype 2 treatment
Authors: Mangia Alessandra , Mottola Leonardo 
Published: December 2011

AbstractGenotype 2 (HCV‐2) accounts for 8% of the patients with chronic hepatitis C virus in Europe. Because of the favourable response to interferon (IFN)‐based treatment, this group is considered an ‘easy‐to‐treat’ genotype along with HCV‐3. However, experimental and clinical data suggest possible differences between HCV‐2 and ‐3. Recently, subtle differences in treatment efficacy have also been shown in response‐guided treatment studies. In these studies, the duration of pegylated interferon (PEG‐IFN) and ribavirin (RBV) treatment was tailored according to treatment response. Although SVR rates were similar between HCV‐2 and HCV‐3 patients after a rapid virological response (RVR), in the absence of RVR, the rates were lower in HCV‐3 than in HCV‐2. The triple combination treatment, including direct‐acting antivirals (DAA) that will be commercialized in the coming months might increase SVR rates in this particular subgroup of patients. According to existing results, telaprevir might be beneficial in HCV‐2 but not in HCV‐3 patients. A nucleotide analogue polymerase inhibitor, PSI‐7977 by Pharmasett has been shown to be active against both. The role of the IL28B polymorphism as a predictor of response to the current standard of care (SoC), PEG‐IFN and RBV treatment is the subject of debate, but this mainly seems to be because of the small size of the samples in the studies performed so far. Existing results suggest that the genetic evaluation of IL28B may be useful in patients with HCV‐2 for predicting response in patients without RVR.