bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technologic innovations in surgery: A philosophic reflection on their impact on operations for cancer
Authors: Lawrence Walter 
Published: June 2009

AbstractTechnologic advances this past half‐century have clearly had a positive effect on our ability to both diagnose and treat human cancer as well as on the operative treatment of other diseases. However, the impact of these innovations on the surgical treatment of cancer is not as clear as it is for many other problems that are managed surgically. This review is an “opinion piece” that attempts to assess the successes and failures of technologic innovations that have been introduced for the purpose of improving the operative treatment of cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;100:163–168. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of Gelatin Hydrogel Pads as Antibacterial Wound Dressings
Authors: Rattanaruengsrikul Vichayarat , Pimpha Nuttaporn , Supaphol Pitt 
Published: June 2009

AbstractGelatin hydrogel pads have been prepared from a 10 wt.‐% gelatin solution that contained 2.5 wt.‐% AgNO3 in 70% v/v acetic acid by a solvent‐casting technique. The AgNO3‐containing gelatin solution was aged under mechanical stirring for various time intervals to allow for the formation of silver nanoparticles (nAgs). The formation of nAgs was monitored by a UV‐vis spectrophotometer. The morphology and size of the nAgs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). To improve the water resistance of the hydrogels, various contents of glutaraldehyde (GTA) were added to the AgNO3‐containing gelatin solution to cross‐link the obtained gelatin hydrogels. These hydrogels were tested for their water retention and weight loss behavior, release characteristics of the as‐loaded silver, and antibacterial activity against Gram‐negative Escherichia coli and Gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus. The AgNO3‐containing gelatin solution that had been aged for 5 d showed the greatest number of nAgs formed. The size of these particles, based on TEM results, was 10–11 nm. With an increase in the GTA content used to cross‐link the hydrogels, the water retention, the weight loss, and the cumulative amount of silver released were found to decrease. Finally, all of the nAg‐loaded gelatin hydrogels could inhibit the growth of the tested pathogens, which confirmed their applicability as antibacterial wound dressings.magnified image
Synthesis of Comb Tri‐ and Tetrablock Copolymers Catalyzed by the Grubbs First Generation Catalyst
Authors: Runge M. Brett , Yoo Jun , Bowden Ned B. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractHigh molecular weight tri‐ and tetrablock copolymers were synthesized from the commercially available Grubbs first generation catalyst for the first time. These polymers had degrees of polymerization from 430 to 1 100, molecular weights up to 419 000 g · mol−1, and narrow polydispersities. Oxanorbornene monomers were chosen due to their fast rates of polymerization and slow rates of cross metathesis. Polystyrene arms were grown from selected blocks by atom transfer radical polymerization to yield architecturally complex comb tri‐ and tetrablock copolymers. These polymers self‐assembled in the solid state into ordered morphologies that were characterized by scanning electron microscopy.magnified image
Design of Soluble Hyperbranched Polythiophenes with Tailor‐Made Optoelectronic Properties
Authors: Richter Thomas V. , Link Steffen , Hanselmann Ralf , Ludwigs Sabine 
Published: June 2009

AbstractHyperbranched polythiophenes were prepared via a simple one‐pot synthesis approach based on oxidative coupling of branched conjugated monomers. Only small variations in the building unit and architecture lead to large differences of absorption and photoluminescence properties. Interestingly, soluble hyperbranched polythiophenes with relatively small molecular weights show enhanced absorption at low and high wavelengths compared to linear analogues, such as poly(3‐hexyl thiophenes) with high molecular weights. With this versatile approach we present a method to design tailor made, functional materials with potential applications in optoelectronics.magnified image
Coordination‐Polymeric Nanofibers and their Field‐Emission Properties
Authors: Batabyal Sudip K. , Peedikakkal Abdul Malik Puthan , Ramakrishna Seeram , Sow Chorng Haur , Vittal Jagadese J. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe large‐scale fabrication of nanofibers of coordination polymers (CPs) is reported for the first time from CP gel precursors by the electrospinning method. In the absence of organic polymeric additives, viscous solutions suitable for drawing fibers have been made by diluting the gel precursors, which are obtained by mixing Ni(OAc)2 and 4‐trifluoromethylbenzoic acid with 4,4′‐bis(pyridyl)ethylene (bpe) or 4,4′‐bipyridine (bpy) linear spacer ligands in organic solvents. One‐dimensional polymeric structures have been proposed for these gels and nanofibers based on the crystal structures of the compounds isolated. These fibers show some interesting field‐emission properties. The results described here may well be extended to other one‐dimensional polymers, thus opening the door for processing of the coordination polymers.magnified image
Self‐Assembly of Nano Hydroxyapatite or Aragonite Induced by Molecular Recognition to Soy Globulin 7S or 11S
Authors: Liu Dagang , Tian Huafeng , Kumar Rakesh , Zhang Lina 
Published: June 2009

AbstractMolecular self‐assembly is emerging as a viable ‘bottom‐up’ approach to build stable organic/inorganic nanometer‐scale blocks. Herein, under the conditions of appropriate pH and ionic strength, soy globulin 7S or 11S were coprecipitated with hydroxyapatite (HAp) or aragonite (Arag), respectively, to fabricate two organic/inorganic hybrids: 7S/HAp and 11S/Arag. Results from high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy show that the hybrids exhibit a nanosized core–shell structure with globulin monomer 7S or 11S as core and HAp or Arag as shells. 7S/HAp and 11S/Arag present a disk and hexagon shape, respectively. After calcinations, monodispersed HAp without support from globulins existed as nanospheres. It was revealed that the globulin as host induces the self‐assembly and growth layer by layer of HAp or Arag nanocrystals. The factors of molecular recognition and surface potential definitely affected the size and shape of the hierarchical blocks. This work provided a novel pathway to controllably synthesize a wide variety of precise plant protein/biomineral hybrid biomaterials.magnified image
Molecular Recognition in Solutions of Rod‐Like Copolymers with Two Different Sequences
Authors: Lazutin Alexei A. , Berezkin Anatoly V. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractSegregation in a solution of rigid copolymeric molecules with two different sequences leading to co‐existence of two smectic mesophases has been studied. Thermodynamic characteristics of these mesophases and their equilibrium compositions were found in the frame of two discrete models. It was shown that the degree of ordering in the mesophase depends on the sequence of units in the identical molecules forming this mesophase. The concentration of “mismatched” molecules in the mesophase (the purity of mesophase) is determined both by the composition and the sequence of such molecules. It was shown, that a difference in the sequences can be sufficient to cause phase separation.magnified image
Structures of Polyaniline Bases: Semi‐Empirical Computations
Authors: Lee Ki‐Ho , Song Dong Hyun , Park Bong Jun , Chin In‐Joo , Choi Hyoung Jin 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBoth MM3 and semi‐empirical electronic structure calculations were performed for studying different conformations of PANI oligomers. The results were compared with experimental findings and analyzed to predict the relationship among individual conformations of single PANI chains, structures of packed PANI bases, and their electrical properties. Various combinations of initially optimized PANI octamers were studied. It is predicted that the total energies of the packed PANI bases depend mostly on the packing mode while their MO levels depend on the conformations of the individual PANI chains. The changes in the MO levels were found to take place due to the intermolecular interactions of the chains.magnified image
Impulsive and compulsive behaviors in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Evans Andrew H. , Strafella Antonio P. , Weintraub Daniel , Stacy Mark 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAntiparkinson therapy can be the primary cause of a range of nonmotor symptoms that include a set of complex disinhibitory psychomotor pathologies and are linked by their repetitive, reward or incentive‐based natures. These behaviors relate to aberrant or excessive dopamine receptor stimulation and encompass impulse control disorders (ICDs), punding, and the dopamine dysregulation syndrome (DDS). Common ICDs include pathological gambling, hypersexuality, compulsive eating, and compulsive buying. This review focuses on the phenomenology, epidemiology, and methods to identify and rate these disorders. The management of dopaminergic drug‐related compulsive behaviors is discussed in the light of the current understanding of the neurobiological substrate of these disorders. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Torpedoes in Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, essential tremor, and control brains
Authors: Louis Elan D. , Faust Phyllis L. , Vonsattel Jean‐Paul G. , Honig Lawrence S. , Rajput Alex , Rajput Ali , Pahwa Rajesh , Lyons Kelly E. , Ross Webster G. , Elble Rodger J. , Erickson‐Davis Cordelia , Moskowitz Carol B. , Lawton Arlene 
Published: June 2009

AbstractPurkinje cell axonal swellings (“torpedoes”), described in several cerebellar disorders as well as essential tremor (ET), have not been quantified in common neurodegenerative conditions. The aim of this study was to quantify torpedoes Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) compared with ET and control brains. Brains included 40 ET cases (34 cerebellar ET, 6 Lewy body variant of ET) and age‐matched comparison brains (21 AD, 14 PD/diffuse Lewy body disease, 25 controls). Torpedoes were counted in 20 × 25 mm cerebellar cortical sections stained with Luxol Fast Blue/Hematoxylin and Eosin. The median number of torpedoes in cerebellar ET (12) was 12× higher than that of controls (1) and nearly 2.5× higher than in AD (5) or PD/DLBD (5) (all P ≤ 0.005). Furthermore, in a logistic regression model that adjusted for age and Alzheimer's‐type changes, each torpedo more than doubled the odds of having cerebellar ET (Odds ratiocerebellar ET vs. control = 2.57, P = 0.006), indicating that the association between increased torpedoes and cerebellar ET was independent of these Alzheimer's‐type changes. Although torpedoes are increased in AD and PD, as well as cerebellar ET, the magnitude of increase in cerebellar ET is greater, and cannot be accounted for by concomitant AD or PD pathology. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Older onset essential tremor: More rapid progression and more degenerative pathology
Authors: Louis Elan D. , Faust Phyllis L. , Vonsattel Jean‐Paul G. , Honig Lawrence S. , Henchcliffe Claire , Pahwa Rajesh , Lyons Kelly E. , Rios Eileen , Erickson‐Davis Cordelia , Moskowitz Carol B. , Lawton Arlene 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThere are few data on rate of progression in essential tremor (ET). To quantify the rate of tremor progression in a cross‐sectional sample of 348 ET cases in an epidemiological study; characterize the relationship between age of tremor onset and rate of tremor progression in that sample; and characterize the relationship between age of tremor onset, rate of tremor progression, and severity of underlying brain changes in 9 cases from a brain repository. Rate of tremor progression was defined as tremor severity ÷ duration. The degeneration index = number of torpedoes per section ÷ Purkinje cell linear density. In the epidemiological study, older age of tremor onset was associated with faster rate of tremor progression (P < 0.001). In the brain repository, older age of tremor onset was associated with higher degeneration index (P = 0.037), and higher degeneration index was associated with faster rate of tremor progression (P = 0.018). In a large clinical sample, older age of onset was associated with more rapid tremor progression. In a brain bank, older age of onset was associated with more degenerative pathology in the cerebellum. As in several neurodegenerative disorders, in older onset cases, it is possible that the disease advances more rapidly. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Bell's palsy preceding Parkinson's disease: A case‐control study
Authors: Savica Rodolfo , Bower James H. , Maraganore Demetrius M. , Grossardt Brandon R. , Rocca Walter A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe investigated the association of Bell's palsy (BP) with the subsequent risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) using a case‐control study design. We matched 196 incident cases of PD in Olmsted County, MN, to 196 general population controls with same age (±1 year) and sex, and we reviewed the complete medical records of cases and controls in a medical records‐linkage system to detect BP. Six of the 196 patients with PD and none of the 196 controls were diagnosed with BP before PD (exact binomial probability, P = 0.02). The median age at occurrence of BP was 49.5 years (range, 15–84 years) and the median time between BP and the onset of PD was 27.5 years (range, 2–54 years). The findings were similar using a standardized incidence ratio (SIR) approach, but were not statistically significant. This initial association between BP and PD awaits replication. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Statins can modulate effectiveness of antitumor therapeutic modalities
Authors: Jakobisiak Marek , Golab Jakub 
Published: June 2009

AbstractDespite significant, frequently very strong, antiproliferative and tumoricidal effects of statins demonstrated in vitro, their antitumor effects in animal models are modest, and their efficacy in clinical trials has not been proven. As such, statins seem unlikely to be ever regarded as antitumor agents. However, statins are regularly taken by many elderly cancer patients for the prevention of cardiovascular events. Owing to their pleiotropic effects in normal and tumor cells, statins interact in various ways with many antitumor treatment modalities, either potentiating or diminishing their effectiveness. Elucidation of these interactions might affect the choice of treatment to be planned in cancer patients as some combinations might be contraindicated, whereas others might elicit potentiated antitumor effects but at a cost of increased general toxicity. Some other combinations might induce either comparable or even stronger antitumor effects, but with a beneficial concomitant reduction of specific side effects. Most of the studies reviewed in this article have been carried in vitro or in experimental tumor models, but clinical relevance of the findings is also discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 30, No. 1, 102–135, 2010
Revascularization of the lunate by a volar vascularized bone graft and an osteotomy of the radius in treatment of the Kienböck's disease
Authors: Mathoulin Christophe , Wahegaonkar Abhijeet L. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractKienböck, a German radiologist, described avascular necrosis of the lunate (Kienböck's disease) in 1910. The epidemiology and etiology are not well‐known and always has been debated. A negative ulnar variance is considered as a predisposing factor for Kienböck's disease by the majority of the authors. The treatment depends upon the stage of the disease at the time of presentation and diagnosis. Radial shortening and lengthening of the ulna are biomechanically satisfactory procedures because they increase the load sharing of the ulna and result in decompression of the lunate. Revascularization of the lunate by shortening of the radius may appear to be a very bold and ambitious technique. In very advanced cases, palliative procedures like wrist denervation, resection of the proximal carpal row, or wrist arthrodesis are the techniques resorted to. We report our experience of a series of 22 operated cases between 1994 and 2000 with a minimum follow up of 5 years. All cases were treated with an anterior vascularized bone graft based on the volar carpal artery associated to an osteotomy of the radius. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 2009.
Vascularized bone graft from the supracondylar region of the femur
Authors: Doi Kazuteru , Hattori Yasunori 
Published: June 2009

AbstractFree vascularized thin corticoperiosteal grafts and small periosteal bone grafts harvested from the supracondylar region of the femur are described. These grafts are nourished from the articular branch of the descending genicular artery and vein. Unlike currently used vascularized bone grafts, this graft can be successfully harvested with disturbing the vascularity. Thin corticoperiosteal grafts consist of periosteum with a thin layer of outer cortical bone and include the cambium layer, which has a better osteogenic capacity. This graft is elastic and readily conforms to the recipient bed configuration. Thin corticoperiosteal grafts were used for fracture nonunion of the long bone with smaller bone defect and to treat forty‐six patients with avascular necrosis of the body of the talus, scaphoid, and lunate bone. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 2009.
Head and neck reconstruction using cephalic vein transposition in the vessel‐depleted neck
Authors: Vasilakis Vasileios , Patel Hasu D. L. , Chen Hung‐Chi 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn microvascular reconstructive surgery the patency of the recipient vessels is the key to successful outcome. In head and neck surgery there is often a lack of adequate recipient vessels as a result of chemoradiation therapy and ablative surgery. To overcome this it is crucial to identify vessels of adequate length and diameter outside the field of injury. We report our experience with cephalic vein transposition for drainage of seven free flaps—six intestinal and one osteocutaneous—for head and neck reconstruction. In five cases the cephalic vein was used during the free flap transfer and in two cases in salvage re‐exploration surgery. All flaps survived completely. The anatomical course and location of the cephalic vein allow good patency and straightforward harvesting. Its vascular properties are predictive of reduced incidence of complications such as flap congestion and failure. We suggest that the cephalic vein offers a high venous flow drainage system for large free flaps and advocate its use in free intestinal transfer in the vessel‐depleted neck as well as in re‐exploration surgery. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 2009.
Kernel estimation of quantile sensitivities
Authors: Liu Guangwu , Hong Liu Jeff 
Published: June 2009

AbstractQuantiles, also known as value‐at‐risks in the financial industry, are important measures of random performances. Quantile sensitivities provide information on how changes in input parameters affect output quantiles. They are very useful in risk management. In this article, we study the estimation of quantile sensitivities using stochastic simulation. We propose a kernel estimator and prove that it is consistent and asymptotically normally distributed for outputs from both terminating and steady‐state simulations. The theoretical analysis and numerical experiments both show that the kernel estimator is more efficient than the batching estimator of Hong9. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 2009
On a Markov‐modulated shock and wear process
Authors: Kharoufeh Jeffrey P. , Mixon Dustin G. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe present transient and asymptotic reliability indices for a single‐unit system that is subject to Markov‐modulated shocks and wear. The transient results are derived from the (transform) solution of an integro‐differential equation describing the joint distribution of the cumulative degradation process and the state of the modulating process. Additionally, we prove the asymptotic normality of a properly centered and time‐scaled version of the cumulative degradation at time t. This asymptotic result leads to a simple normal approximation for a properly centered and space‐scaled version of the systes lifetime distribution. Two numerical examples illustrate the quality of the normal approximation. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 2009
An enriched cohesive zone model for delamination in brittle interfaces
Authors: Samimi M. , van Dommelen J. A. W. , Geers M. G. D. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractApplication of standard cohesive zone models in a finite element framework to simulate delamination in brittle interfaces may trigger non‐smooth load–displacement responses that lead to the failure of iterative solution procedures. This non‐smoothness is an artifact of the discretization; and hence it can be avoided by sufficiently refining the mesh leading to unacceptably high computational costs and a low efficiency and robustness. In this paper, a process‐driven hierarchical extension is proposed to enrich the separation approximation in the process zone of a cohesive crack. Some numerical examples show that instead of mesh refinement, a more efficient enriched formulation can be used to prevent a non‐smooth solution. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two‐level multiscale enrichment methodology for modeling of heterogeneous plates
Authors: Oskay Caglar 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA new two‐level multiscale enrichment methodology for analysis of heterogeneous plates is presented. The enrichments are applied in the displacement and strain levels: the displacement field of a Reissner–Mindlin plate is enriched using the multiscale enrichment functions based on the partition of unity principle; the strain field is enriched using the mathematical homogenization theory. The proposed methodology is implemented for linear and failure analysis of brittle heterogeneous plates. The eigendeformation‐based model reduction approach is employed to efficiently evaluate the non‐linear processes in case of failure. The capabilities of the proposed methodology are verified against direct three‐dimensional finite element models with full resolution of the microstructure. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polymeric piezoelectric cantilever and tubular actuators
Authors: Ni S. S. , Li T. , Ma J. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractElectroactive polymers (EAPs) have attracted a great deal of attention in the last decade due to their unique properties that are applicable to many advanced applications. The present work aims to study the materials–property relationship of this class of materials, and thus facilitate the implementation of EAPs in more applications. The present work investigated the feasibility of adapting cantilever and tubular configurations to the polymeric piezoelectric actuators. The polarization and displacement of samples (fabricated from Poly(Vinyldene fluoride‐trifluroethylene) [P(VDF‐TrFE)] thin film) were measured under both dynamic and static driving conditions. The polarization loops for all the samples exhibit little hysteresis under weak field and the polarization changes linearly with voltage for most samples. The frequency‐dependent polarization behavior is consistent with the previous reported work. The displacements for both cantilever and tubular samples are also noted to be in agreement with the theoretical prediction. Significant displacement (1079 µm) was achieved for samples, even under weak field (60 MV/m). In summary, the results have suggested that the relationship between geometric variables and the performance is also applicable to polymeric materials. Thus, the constitutive relationship can also be applied as a guideline for designing and optimizing the polymeric actuators beyond P(VDF‐TrFE) copolymer materials. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.