bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Durabiity of Neutron Star Crust
Authors: Chugunov A. I. , Horowitz C. J. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractHow long do neutron star mountains last? The durability of elastically deformed crust is important for neutron star physics including pulsar glitches, emission of gravitational waves from static mountains, and flares from star quakes. The durability is defined by the strength properties of the Yukawa crystals of ions, which make up the crust. In this paper we extend our previous results [Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 407, L54 (2010)] and accurately describe the dependence of the durability on crust composition (which can be reduced to the dependence on the screening length λ of the Yukawa potential). We perform several molecular dynamics simulations of crust breaking and describe their results with a phenomenological model based on the kinetic theory of strength. We provide an analytical expression for the durability of neutron star crust matter for different densities, temperatures, stresses, and compositions. This expression can also be applied to estimate durability of Yukawa crystals in other systems, such as dusty plasmas in the laboratory (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Performance study of wireless sensor and actuator networks in forest fire scenarios
Authors: Kułakowski Paweł , Calle Eusebi , Marzo Jose L. 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARYWireless sensor and actuator networks (WSANs) for environmental disaster scenarios are considered in this paper. A fully independent and autonomous WSAN system that is able to detect and extinguish a fire in a burning wildland area is proposed. Although forest fire detection is a classical application for sensor networks, in this paper, this research area is extended, taking into account actuators and their ability to put out fire in the presence of measurement inaccuracy and network degradation. A system architecture is proposed, modelled and discussed. An extensive set of computer simulations analysing the system performance is reported. The presented results show the efficiency of fire‐fighting actions depending on the sensors' density and the actuators' mobility. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Commentary on ‘Interventions for infantile haemangiomas (strawberry birthmarks) of the skin’
Authors: Maguiness Sheilagh 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis is a commentary on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Leonardi‐Bee J, Batta K, O'Brien C, Bath‐Hextall FJ. Interventions for infantile haemangiomas (strawberry birthmarks) of the skin. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2011, Issue 5. Art. No.: CD006545. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006545.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Summary article. Copyright © 2012 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Projected changes in distributions of Australian tropical savanna birds under climate change using three dispersal scenarios
Authors: Reside April E. , VanDerWal Jeremy , Kutt Alex S. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIdentifying the species most vulnerable to extinction as a result of climate change is a necessary first step in mitigating biodiversity decline. Species distribution modeling (SDM) is a commonly used tool to assess potential climate change impacts on distributions of species. We use SDMs to predict geographic ranges for 243 birds of Australian tropical savannas, and to project changes in species richness and ranges under a future climate scenario between 1990 and 2080. Realistic predictions require recognition of the variability in species capacity to track climatically suitable environments. Here we assess the effect of dispersal on model results by using three approaches: full dispersal, no dispersal and a partial‐dispersal scenario permitting species to track climate change at a rate of 30 km per decade. As expected, the projected distributions and richness patterns are highly sensitive to the dispersal scenario. Projected future range sizes decreased for 66% of species if full dispersal was assumed, but for 89% of species when no dispersal was assumed. However, realistic future predictions should not assume a single dispersal scenario for all species and as such, we assigned each species to the most appropriate dispersal category based on individual mobility and habitat specificity; this permitted the best estimates of where species will be in the future. Under this “realistic” dispersal scenario, projected ranges sizes decreased for 67% of species but showed that migratory and tropical‐endemic birds are predicted to benefit from climate change with increasing distributional area. Richness hotspots of tropical savanna birds are expected to move, increasing in southern savannas and southward along the east coast of Australia, but decreasing in the arid zone. Understanding the complexity of effects of climate change on species’ range sizes by incorporating dispersal capacities is a crucial step toward developing adaptation policies for the conservation of vulnerable species.
Triazole‐Linked Oligonucleotides with Mixed‐Base Sequences: Synthesis and Hybridization Properties
Authors: Varizhuk Anna , Chizhov Alexandr , Smirnov Igor , Kaluzhny Dmitry , Florentiev Vladimir 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA new class of backbone‐modified oligonucleotide analogs has emerged since the discovery of the CuI‐catalyzed [3+2] azide/alkyne cycloaddition reaction. These are oligonucleotide analogs with 1,4‐disubstituted 1,2,3‐triazoles as the internucleotide linkages. Of all such analogs known, only the triazole‐linked deoxythymidine decamer [(dT)10] has been reported to show enhanced binding affinity to complementary DNA. Importantly, it is a fully modified (dT)10 analog. To date, sequentially heterogeneous oligonucleotides bearing the same backbone modification have not been described. With the goal of investigating sequence and regularity dependence of the effect of this modification on duplex stability, we have designed partially modified mixed‐base oligonucleotides, which can be prepared by using a modified dinucleoside block. In this paper we report the synthesis of a dithymidine phosphoramidite analog with a triazole linker, its use in oligonucleotide synthesis and hybridization data of the resulting oligonucleotide analogs. The effect of single and multiple modifications on stability of mixed‐base duplexes is assessed and compared with published data for the oligo(T)/oligo(A) duplex. We also compared the effect of the linker concerned with that of a shorter triazole linker.
High‐ and low‐flow variations in annual runoff and their response to climate change in the headstreams of the Tarim River, Xinjiang, China
Authors: Ling Hongbo , Xu Hailiang , Fu Jinyi 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBased on the hydrological and meteorological data recorded for the northern and southern headstreams of the Tarim River over the last 50 years, this paper analyses the variation characteristics of high‐flow and low‐flow indexes of annual runoff, air temperature and precipitation using a non‐parametric test. Additionally, this paper also studies the correlations between these three time series on multiple time scales for both northern and southern headstreams employing wavelet analysis. The results show the following: (i) the annual runoff and air temperature had significant increasing trends, whereas precipitation had a non‐significant increasing trend for the northern and southern headstreams. (ii) Abrupt changes appeared in precipitation in the north and south in 1990 and 1986, as well as in high‐flow and low‐flow indexes of annual runoff in 1993 and in air temperature in 1996. (iii) In the case of the northern headstreams, there was significant periodicity of 6 years in both high‐flow and low‐flow indexes and air temperature and of 3 and 8 years in precipitation. In the case of the southern headstreams, there was significant periodicity of 3 and 9 years in high‐flow and low‐flow indexes, 5 years in air temperature, and 5 and 8 years in precipitation. (iv) The high‐flow and low‐flow indexes in the headstreams of the Tarim River are closely related to the air temperature and precipitation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Facilitating the mineralization of oligo(poly(ethylene glycol) fumarate) hydrogel by incorporation of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles
Authors: Nejadnik M. Reza , Mikos Antonios G. , Jansen John A. , Leeuwenburgh Sander C. G. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractExploring strategies to induce the mineralization of hydrogels is an important step toward the development of hydrogel‐based materials for bone regeneration. In the current study, the effect of incorporating hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles on the mineralization capacity of an inert poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐based hydrogel was investigated. HA nanoparticles were either directly loaded into oligo(poly(ethylene glycol) fumarate) (OPF) hydrogel or loaded into commonly used gelatin microsphere porogens that were subsequently integrated in the OPF matrix. Mineralization of composites after immersion of the samples in simulated body fluid up to 28 days was assessed. In contrast to the blank OPF hydrogel, the HA‐containing constructs strongly mineralized such that the average rate of calcium uptake by the material was enhanced by orders of magnitude. The mineral formed was observed to be apatitic and needle shaped. The presented method allows modification of inert PEG‐based hydrogels into bioactive biomaterials for applications in bone regeneration. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 2012.
Flexible protein‐ligand docking using the Fleksy protocol
Authors: Wagener Markus , Vlieg Jacob de , Nabuurs Sander B. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractConsidering protein plasticity is important in accurately predicting the three‐dimensional geometry of protein‐ligand complexes. Here, we present the first public release of our flexible docking tool Fleksy, which is able to consider both ligand and protein flexibility in the docking process. We describe the workflow and different features of the software and present its performance on two cross‐docking benchmark datasets. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Determination of folic acid in milk, milk powder and energy drink by an indirect immunoassay
Authors: Zhang Taichang , Xue Huyin , Zhang Bo , Zhang Yu , Song Pei , Tian Xi , Xing Yue , Wang Peng , Meng Meng , Xi Rimo 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Folic acid (FA) is essential for healthy people (reference daily intake 400 µg day−1) and pregnant women (600 µg day−1). Insufficient intake of FA will increase the risk of neural tube defects in newborns. In this study an indirect enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was developed for rapid and convenient detection of FA in vitamin‐fortified foods.RESULTS: A carbodiimide‐modified active ester method was used to synthesise the immunogen (FA–bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugate) to raise polyclonal antibodies for FA. The coupling ratio of FA with BSA was determined to be 14:1 (molar ratio). The detection limit of the immunoassay was 3.0 ng mL−1 in buffer, 3.52 ng mL−1 in energy drink, 11.91 ng mL−1 in milk and 16.50 ng mL−1 in milk powder. Intra‐ and inter‐assay variability ranged from 6.6 to 15.1%. Analytical recoveries of FA‐spiked samples were 88.3–108.9%.CONCLUSION: The immunoassay developed in this study can be used as a simple, rapid and accurate method for fast semi‐quantitative and quantitative on‐site analysis of FA in food products. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of military activity on breeding birds
Authors: Barron Douglas G. , Brawn Jeffrey D. , Butler Luke K. , Romero L. Michael , Weatherhead Patrick J. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractUnited States military bases provide habitat for a diverse suite of wildlife species despite intense anthropogenic disturbance inherent in training activities. Little research has examined how military activity affects wildlife reproduction. We compared parental investment, reproductive success, offspring and adult quality, and stress hormone concentrations of northern cardinals (Cardinalis cardinalis) breeding in areas that differed 10‐fold in levels of on‐ground military activity. We found no evidence of direct impacts of military activity on cardinals, nor did the reproductive success of several other passerine species appear to be affected. However, we observed American crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) much less frequently in areas of high military activity, and cardinals nesting in those areas were less responsive to crow models. The apparent displacement of this nest predator suggests that military activity could indirectly benefit some wildlife. Although these results are promising for the conservation of birds that depend on military bases for breeding habitat, further assessment of direct and indirect effects of military training on a wider array of species is required before concluding that such activity is benign. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Levothyroxine dose following thyroidectomy is affected by more than just body weight
Authors: Baehr Kara Meinke , Lyden Elizabeth , Treude Kelly , Erickson Judi , Goldner Whitney 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To determine the factors that affect levothyroxine (LT4) requirements following thyroidectomy.Study Design:Retrospective study.Methods:This study evaluated 246 participants who had undergone total thyroidectomy and were on a stable dose of LT4. Actual weight–based (AWB) and ideal body weight–based (IBWB) LT4 dose requirements were analyzed, and other confounders including adherence, concurrent medications, comorbidities, female menopausal status, and hormone replacement therapy were examined.Results:A total of 205 women and 41 men were evaluated, with 48 (20%) benign and 198 (80%) malignant pathology findings. The mean AWB LT4 doses for men and premenopausal women were similar among members of the benign groups and similar among members of the malignant groups. There was a trend for lower dose LT4 in postmenopausal women off hormonal therapy (PM/NH) and on hormonal therapy (PM/H) in the benign group (1.4 and 1.6 μg/kg vs. 1.8 μg/kg in the men and premenopausal women) and a trend for lower dose LT4 in the PM/H women in the malignant group (1.9 μg/kgvs. 2.1 and 2.2 μg/kg in the men and premenopausal women), but they were not significant. However, PM/NH women required significantly less LT4 (1.7 μg/kg) than both the men (2.2 μg/kg) and premenopausal women (2.1 μg/kg) in the malignant group (P=.0006). The IBWB LT4 dosage was not statistically different between groups.Conclusions:LT4 dosage following thyroidectomy, calculated using actual body weight, can range from 1.4 to 2.2 μg/kg and is dependent on diagnosis (benign vs. malignant), goal TSH, sex, and menopausal status. Laryngoscope, 2012
Pharyngeal pouch surgery: A combined open and endoscopic approach
Authors: Dale Oliver T. , Burgess Christopher A. , Corbridge Rogan J. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractPharyngeal pouches are common, particularly in the elderly population, in whom they can cause significant morbidity. The advanced age of many patients and existing comorbidities mean that in some cases neither open nor endoscopic pouch stapling is possible. We present a technique of combined open and endoscopic pharyngeal pouch surgery, which may be used when other therapeutic options are limited. Laryngoscope, 2012
Prediction of nonrecovery in Bell's palsy using sunnybrook grading
Authors: Marsk Elin , Bylund Nina , Jonsson Lars , Hammarstedt Lalle , Engström Mats , Hadziosmanovic Nermin , Berg Thomas , Hultcrantz Malou 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To develop a clinical prognostic model to identify Bell's palsy patients with risk for nonrecovery at 12 months.Study Design:Data from a prospective, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, multicenter study.Methods:There were 829 patients with Bell's palsy randomized in a factorial fashion to treatment with prednisolone or no prednisolone. Facial function was assessed with the Sunnybrook grading scale. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses at different time points were used to identify factors predicting nonrecovery, defined as Sunnybrook <70 at 12 months. Variables studied were age, gender, time to inclusion, prednisolone treatment, side of palsy, pain at inclusion, and Sunnybrook scores. Factors of predictable significance were used to construct prognostic models at baseline, days 11 to 17, and at 1 month. Receiver operating characteristics curves were created to test the predictive capacity of the models.Results:At baseline, treatment with prednisolone or no prednisolone (P = .0005), age (P = .04) and the Sunnybrook score (P = .0002) were significant factors for predicting nonrecovery. The receiver operating characteristics area under the curve at baseline for these three variables was 0.74 (sensitivity 0.83, specificity 0.57). At days 11 to 17 and at 1 month, the Sunnybrook score was the only significant predictive variable. The respective areas under the curves for the Sunnybrook score at these time points were 0.83 (sensitivity 0.81, specificity 0.75) and 0.94 (sensitivity 0.91, specificity 0.85).Conclusions:Sunnybrook grading at 1 month most accurately predicts nonrecovery at 12 months in Bell's palsy. Laryngoscope, 2012
Animal model of posthypoxic myoclonus: II. Neurochemical, pathologic, and pharmacologic characterization
Authors: Kanthasamy Anumantha G. , Nguyen Bang Q. , Truong Daniel D. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe sudden, brief, shock‐like, involuntary movements caused by active muscular contractions or inhibitions characterize myoclonus. It is manifested in a wide variety of pathologic conditions affecting the brain, spinal cord, or peripheral nerves, and is thought to be related to neuronal hyper‐excitability. The pathology, physiology, and pharmacology of myoclonus are not well understood as a result of the rarity of the disorder in people and the lack of a suitable animal model. Posthypoxic myoclonus is a major myoclonus syndrome which occurs as a result of severe cerebral ischemia/hypoxia. There has been tremendous interest in the development of a suitable animal model that reflects the etiology and clinical pathology of posthypoxic myoclonus. Recently, we have developed a new animal model of posthypoxic myoclonus in which rats were subjected to a mechanically induced cardiac arrest procedure. Herein, we describe the neurochemical, pharmacologic, and pathologic characteristics of this animal model of posthypoxic myoclonus.
Blind estimation of the arterial input function in dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI using purity maximization
Authors: Lin Yu‐Chun , Chan Tsung‐Han , Chi Chong‐Yung , Ng Shu‐Hang , Liu Hao‐Li , Wei Kuo‐Chen , Wai Yau‐Yau , Wang Chun‐Chieh , Wang Jiun‐Jie 
Published: March 2012

AbstractUncertainty in arterial input function (AIF) estimation is one of the major errors in the quantification of dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI. A blind source separation algorithm was proposed to determine the AIF by selecting the voxel time course with maximum purity, which represents a minimal contamination from partial volume effects. Simulations were performed to assess the partial volume effect on the purity of AIF, the estimation accuracy of the AIF, and the influence of purity on the derived kinetic parameters. In vivo data were acquired from six patients with hypopharyngeal cancer and eight rats with brain tumor. Results showed that in simulation the AIF with the highest purity is closest to the true AIF. In patients, the manually selection had reduced purity, which could lead to underestimations of Ktrans and Ve and an overestimation of Vp when compared with those obtained by the proposed blind source separation algorithm. The derived kinetic parameters in the tumor were more susceptible to the changes in purity when compared with those in the muscle. The animal experiment demonstrated good reproducibility in blind source separation‐AIF derived parameters. In conclusion, the blind source separation method is feasible and reproducible to identify the voxel with the tracer concentration time course closest to the true AIF. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cell motility of neural stem cells is reduced after SPIO‐labeling, which is mitigated after exocytosis
Authors: Cromer Berman Stacey M. , Kshitiz  , Wang C. Joanne , Orukari Inema , Levchenko Andre , Bulte Jeff W. M. , Walczak Piotr 
Published: February 2012

AbstractMRI is used for tracking of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)‐labeled neural stem cells. Studies have shown that long‐term MR tracking of rapidly dividing cells underestimates their migration distance. Time‐lapse microscopy of random cellular motility and cell division was performed to evaluate the effects of SPIO‐labeling on neural stem cell migration. Labeled cells divided symmetrically and exhibited no changes in cell viability, proliferation, or apoptosis. However, SPIO‐labeling resulted in decreased motility of neural stem cells as compared with unlabeled controls. When SPIO‐labeled neural stem cells and human induced pluripotent stem cells were transplanted into mouse brain, rapid exocytosis of SPIO by live cells was observed as early as 48 h postengraftment, with SPIO‐depleted cells showing the farthest migration distance. As label dilution is negligible at this early time point, we conclude that MRI underestimation of cell migration can also occur as a result of reduced cell motility, which appears to be mitigated following SPIO exocytosis. Magn Reson Med, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Metabolic Fingerprinting of Tussilago farfara L. Using 1H‐NMR Spectroscopy and Multivariate Data Analysis
Authors: Zhi Hai‐Juan , Qin Xue‐Mei , Sun Hai‐Feng , Zhang Li‐Zeng , Guo Xiao‐Qing , Li Zhen‐Yu 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe flower bud of Tussilago farfara L. is widely used for the treatment of coughs, bronchitis and asthmatic disorders in traditional Chinese medicine. In Europe, the plant has been used as herbal remedies for virtually the same applications, but the leaves are preferred over flowers.ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the chemical profiles of Tusssilago farfara leaves and flowers along with the identification of the polar and non‐polar metabolites.MethodologyMetabolic profiling carried out by means of 1H‐NMR spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis was applied to crude extracts from flowers and leaves. Metabolites were identified directly from the crude extracts through one‐dimensional and two‐dimensional NMR spectra.ResultsA broad range of metabolites were detected without any chromatographic separation. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares‐discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) of 1H‐NMR data provided a clear separation between the samples. The corresponding loadings plot indicated that higher levels of phenylpropanoids, amino acids, organic acids and fatty acids, as well as lower levels of sugars, terpenoids and sterols were present in the leaves, as compared with flowers. For the flowers, more phenylpropanoids were present in fully open flowers, while more sugars and fatty acids were present in flower buds.ConclusionNMR spectra (one‐ and two‐dimensional) are useful for identifying metabolites, especially for the overlapped signals. The NMR‐based metabolomics approach has great potential for chemical comparison study of the metabolome of herbal drugs. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.