bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Induction therapy in heart transplantation: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis for developing evidence‐based recommendations
Authors: Kugathasan Lakshmi , Rayner Daniel G , Wang Sabrina Mianchen , Rodenas‐Alesina Eduardo , Orchanian‐Cheff Ani , Stehlik Josef , Gustafsson Finn , Greig Douglas , McDonald Michael , Bertolotti Alejandro Mario , Demas‐Clarke Penny , Kozuszko Stella , Guyatt Gordon , Foroutan Farid , Alba Ana Carolina 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionInduction therapy (IT) utility in heart transplantation (HT) remains contested. Commissioned by a clinical‐practice guidelines panel to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of IT in adult HT patients, we conducted this systematic review and network meta‐analysis (NMA).MethodsWe searched for studies from January 2000 to October 2022, reporting on the use of any IT agent in adult HT patients. Based on patient‐important outcomes, we performed frequentist NMAs separately for RCTs and observational studies with adjusted analyses, and assessed the certainty of evidence using the GRADE framework.ResultsFrom 5156 publications identified, we included 7 RCTs and 12 observational studies, and report on two contemporarily‐used IT agents—basiliximab and rATG. The RCTs provide only very low certainty evidence and was uninformative of the effect of the two agents versus no IT or one another. With low certainty in the evidence from observational studies, basiliximab may increase 30‐day (OR 1.13; 95% CI 1.06–1.20) and 1‐year (OR 1.11; 95% CI 1.02–1.22) mortality compared to no IT. With low certainty from observational studies, rATG may decrease 5‐year cardiac allograft vasculopathy (OR .82; 95% CI .74–.90) compared to no IT, as well as 30‐day (OR .85; 95% CI .80–.92), 1‐year (OR .87; 95% CI .79–.96), and overall (HR .84; 95% CI .76–.93) mortality compared to basiliximab.ConclusionWith low and very low certainty in the synthetized evidence, these NMAs suggest possible superiority of rATG compared to basiliximab, but do not provide compelling evidence for the routine use of these agents in HT recipients.
Bridge‐to‐transplant temporary mechanical circulatory support and risk of allosensitization
Authors: Sideris Konstantinos , Lázár‐Molnár Eszter , Kyriakopoulos Christos P. , Taleb Iosif , Hurst Denise , Ugolini Sharon , Selzman Craig H. , Brinker Lina , Drakos Stavros G. , Tonna Joseph E. , Geer Laura , Goodwin Matthew L. , Wever‐Pinzon Omar , Hanff Thomas C. , Fang James C. , Carter Spencer , Stehlik Josef 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionSince the 2018 change in the US adult heart allocation policy, more patients are bridged‐to‐transplant on temporary mechanical circulatory support (tMCS). Previous studies indicate that durable left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) may lead to allosensitization. The goal of this study was to assess whether tMCS implantation is associated with changes in sensitization.MethodsWe included patients evaluated for heart transplants between 2015 and 2022 who had alloantibody measured before and after MCS implantation. Allosensitization was defined as development of new alloantibodies after tMCS implant.ResultsA total of 41 patients received tMCS before transplant. Nine (22.0%) patients developed alloantibodies following tMCS implantation: 3 (12.0%) in the intra‐aortic balloon pump group (n = 25), 2 (28.6%) in the microaxial percutaneous LVAD group (n = 7), and 4 (44.4%) in the veno‐arterial extra‐corporeal membrane oxygenation group (n = 9)—p = .039. Sensitized patients were younger (44.7 ± 11.6 years vs. 54.3 ± 12.5 years, p = .044), were more likely to be sensitized at baseline ‐ 4 of 9 (44.4%) compared to 1 out of 32 (3.1%) (p = .001) and received more transfusions with red blood cells (6 (66.7%) vs. 8 (25%), p = .02) and platelets (6 (66.7%) vs. 5 (15.6%), p = .002). There was no significant difference in tMCS median duration of support (4 [3,15] days vs. 8.5 [5,14.5] days, p = .57). Importantly, out of the 11 patients who received a durable LVAD after tMCS, 5 (45.5%) became sensitized, compared to 4 out of 30 patients (13.3%) who only had tMCS—p = .028.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that patients bridged‐to‐transplant with tMCS, without significant blood product transfusions and a subsequent durable LVAD implant, have a low risk of allosensitization. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings and determine whether risk of sensitization varies by type of tMCS and duration of support.
Huge congenital right ventricular diverticulum in tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia: A double trouble
Authors: Rakha Shaimaa , Alsawah Gehan A. , Sobh Donia Mohamed 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCongenital diverticulum is an uncommonly detected cardiac lesion, especially in infancy. However, its association with cyanotic congenital heart disease is extremely rare. In the current work, we report a case diagnosed in the neonatal period with tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary valve atresia associated with a large congenital diverticulum originating from the right ventricle.
Tariffs, product standards, and national treatment at the WTO
Authors: Geng Difei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper develops an oligopolistic model with consumption externalities to study (i) the policy interaction between tariffs and product standards; (ii) how such interaction may affect the welfare justification of national treatment (NT) in product standards. Absent NT, tariff reductions can lead to more discriminatory standards against foreign firms. Imposing NT eliminates discrimination but can induce higher tariffs which tend to undermine efficiency. As a result, the welfare justification of NT is stronger when tariffs are constrained. These findings suggest that the World Trade Organization's success in tariff liberalization can strengthen the case for its NT‐based approach to product standards.
Structural correlations between brain magnetic resonance image‐derived phenotypes and retinal neuroanatomy
Authors: Sun Zihan , Zhang Bing , Smith Stephen , Atan Denize , Khawaja Anthony P. , Stuart Kelsey V. , Luben Robert N. , Biradar Mahantesh I. , McGillivray Thomas , Patel Praveen J. , Khaw Peng T. , Petzold Axel , Foster Paul J. ,   the UK Biobank Eye and Vision Consortium
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeThe eye is a well‐established model of brain structure and function, yet region‐specific structural correlations between the retina and the brain remain underexplored. Therefore, we aim to explore and describe the relationships between the retinal layer thicknesses and brain magnetic resonance image (MRI)‐derived phenotypes in UK Biobank.MethodsParticipants with both quality‐controlled optical coherence tomography (OCT) and brain MRI were included in this study. Retinal sublayer thicknesses and total macular thickness were derived from OCT scans. Brain image‐derived phenotypes (IDPs) of 153 cortical and subcortical regions were processed from MRI scans. We utilized multivariable linear regression models to examine the association between retinal thickness and brain regional volumes. All analyses were corrected for multiple testing and adjusted for confounders.ResultsData from 6446 participants were included in this study. We identified significant associations between volumetric brain MRI measures of subregions in the occipital lobe (intracalcarine cortex), parietal lobe (postcentral gyrus), cerebellum (lobules VI, VIIb, VIIIa, VIIIb, and IX), and deep brain structures (thalamus, hippocampus, caudate, putamen, pallidum, and accumbens) and the thickness of the innermost retinal sublayers and total macular thickness (all p < 3.3 × 10−5). We did not observe statistically significant associations between brain IDPs and the thickness of the outer retinal sublayers.ConclusionsThinner inner and total retinal thicknesses are associated with smaller volumes of specific brain regions. Notably, these relationships extend beyond anatomically established retina–brain connections.
Demographic and conservation genomic assessment of the threatened marbled teal (Marmaronetta angustirostris)
Authors: Ortego Joaquín , Muñoz‐Fuentes Violeta , López‐Luque Raquel , Ball Alex D. , Ghazali Muhammad , Abed Salwan Ali , Salim Mudhafar A. , Green Andy J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGenetic assessment of species that have experienced dramatic population declines provides critical information that is instrumental for the design of conservation recovery programs. Here, we use different sources of molecular data (mtDNA and ddRAD‐seq) to evaluate the genetic status of wild and captive populations of marbled teal (Marmaronetta angustirostris), a duck species classified as critically endangered in Spain and near threatened at a global scale. First, we determined the evolutionary and demographic trajectories of the wild population from Spain and the currently much larger population from Iraq, which is also the documented source of European zoo stocks. Second, we evaluated the suitability of the different captive populations for ongoing restocking programs in Spain and assessed their potential impact on the genetic composition of wild populations. Populations from Spain and Iraq were assigned to distinct genetic clusters, albeit with an overall low level of genetic differentiation, in line with their recent divergence (<8000 years ago) and lack of phylogeographic structure in the species. Demogenomic inferences revealed that the two populations have experienced parallel demographic trajectories, with a marked bottleneck during the last glacial period followed by a sudden demographic expansion and stability since the onset of the Holocene. The wild population from Spain presented high levels of inbreeding, but we found no evidence of recent genetic bottlenecks compatible with the human‐driven decline of the species during the past century. The captive populations from the two Spanish centers involved in restocking programs showed genetic introgression from European zoos; however, we found limited evidence of introgression from the zoo genetic stock into the wild population from Spain, suggesting captive‐bred birds have limited breeding success in the wild. Our study illustrates how ex situ conservation programs should consider the genetic distinctiveness of populations when establishing breeding stocks and highlights the importance of genetically assessing captive populations prior to reinforcement actions.
The relaxation effect of endocannabinoid anandamide on isolated rat bladder and vas deferens tissues and possible mechanisms
Authors: Okcay Yagmur , Onal Sis Cagil , Ozpolat Muhammed Cagri , Rumanli Zeliha , Ulusoy Kemal Gokhan , Yildiz Oguzhan , Vural Ismail Mert 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe endocannabinoid system plays important roles in various systems, including the genitourinary system; however, its mechanism of action is not fully understood.ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the direct relaxant effects of anandamide and its possible mechanisms in isolated rat bladder and vas deferens tissues.MethodsTwenty‐one adult male Wistar albino rats were used. Bladder and vas deferens (prostatic and epididymal portions) tissues were mounted in 10 mL of organ baths. Relaxation responses to anandamide were recorded at 3 and 10 μM concentrations. After the rest period, the procedures were repeated in the presence of cannabinoid (CB) and vanilloid receptor antagonists, various potassium channel blockers, cyclo‐oxygenase, and nitric oxide synthase inhibitors. In different tissues to investigate the Ca2+‐channel antagonistic effect of anandamide, concentration–response curves to CaCl2 were obtained in the absence and presence of anandamide.ResultsAnandamide caused a significant relaxation response in the bladder and epididymal vas deferens tissues, but not in the prostatic portion. The effect of anandamide was antagonized in the presence of the CB1 antagonist AM251 or the non‐selective potassium channel blocker tetraethylammonium in bladder tissue. In the epididymal vas deferens, anandamide significantly inhibited the calcium contraction responses, especially at high concentrations. The CB2 antagonist AM630 reversed this inhibition.ConclusionsThe results show that anandamide has a direct relaxant effect on the isolated rat bladder and epididymal vas deferens. Anandamide triggers different mechanisms in different types of tissues, and further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism of action of anandamide.
Assessing the effectiveness of marine nature‐based solutions with climate risk assessments
Authors: Bueno‐Pardo Juan , Ruiz‐Frau Ana , Garcia Clement , Ojea Elena 
Published: May 2024

AbstractProspective risks from climate change impacts in ocean and coastal systems are urging the implementation of nature‐based solutions (NBS). These are climate‐resilient strategies to maintain biodiversity and the delivery of ecosystem services, contributing to the adaptation of social‐ecological systems and the mitigation of climate‐related impacts. However, the effectiveness of measures like marine restoration or conservation is not exempt from the impacts of climate change, and the degree to which they can sustain biodiversity and ecosystem services remains unknown. Such uncertainty, together with the slow pace of implementation, causes decision‐makers and societies to demand a better understanding of NBS effects. To address this gap, in this study, we use the risk mitigation capacity of marine NBS as a proxy for their effectiveness while providing a toolset for the implementation of the method. The method considers environmental data and relies on expert elicitation, allowing us to go beyond current practice to evaluate the effectiveness of NBS in reducing habitat or species risks under different future socio‐political and climate‐change scenarios. As a result, we present a ready‐to‐use tool, and supporting materials, for the implementation of the Climate Risk Assessment method and an illustrative example considering the application of the NBS “nature‐inclusive harvesting” in two shellfisheries. The method works as a rapid assessment that guarantees comparability across sites and species due to its low data or resource demand, so it can be widely incorporated to adaptation policies across the marine realm.
‘The burden is very much on yourself’: A qualitative study to understand the illness and treatment burden of hearing loss across the life course
Authors: Smith Sian K. , Pryce Helen , O'Connell Georgina Burns , Hussain Saira , Shaw Rachel , Straus Jean 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionHearing loss is a chronic health condition that rises sharply with age. The way people respond to and cope with health conditions is influenced by their capacity to perform illness and treatment‐related work. The aim was to explore the cumulative burdens of living with hearing loss and the resources mobilised to ease the burdens.MethodsA qualitative design was used with semi‐structured interviews (online or in‐person) with participants recruited through audiology services and nonclinical services, such as lip‐reading classes. Forty‐six participants with hearing loss aged between 16 and 96 years were interviewed. An abductive approach, informed by May et al.'s burden of treatment theory, was used to analyse the data.ResultsThe illness burden involved participants working to make sense of their hearing loss, engaging in emotional work in response to changes in sound, social interactions and identity and coping with the daily frustrations required to communicate with others. Abandonment and uncertainty characterised the treatment burden; participants engaged in emotional work to adjust to hearing technology and deal with the uncertainty of how their hearing might progress. To ameliorate the burdens, participants drew on internal resources (psychological, health literacy, cognitive) and external resources (social support, financial, information, technology).ConclusionsThe workload of hearing loss appears largely devolved to the patient and is not always visible. Our work indicates the need to widen approaches in audiological care through the implementation of lifeworld‐led care, family‐centred care and peer support to build support for those with hearing loss.Patient or Public ContributionWe developed the project in consultation with members of the public who have lived experience of hearing loss recruited through Aston University and volunteer links to audiology services. We also consulted people more likely to be affected by hearing loss adults including adults with learning disabilities, older adults in residential care and people from South Asia (Bangladeshi, Indian and Pakistani communities). These individuals commented on the study aims, interview schedule and participant recruitment practices. One of our co‐authors (expert by experience) contributed to the development and interpretation of themes and preparation of the final manuscript.
The prevalence of major depressive disorder in people with HIV: Results from the All of Us Research Program
Authors: Matacotta Joshua J. , Tran Derek , Yoon Sonyeol 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe All of Us (AoU) Research Program is a national‐scale effort to build a dataset to help transform the future of health research by equipping researchers with comprehensive health data from diverse populations, especially those underrepresented in biomedical research. Our objectives were to evaluate the burden of HIV and major depressive disorder (MDD) in underrepresented groups and the frequency of the HIV/MDD comorbidity.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional analysis combining collected survey and electronic health record (EHR) data. We ascertained HIV and MDD cases using Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership codes. We used multivariable logistic regression to obtain the odds ratio of HIV in AoU participants and MDD in AoU participants with HIV.ResultsThe latest AoU data release includes 412 211 participants: 254 700 have at least one medical condition concept in their EHR, of whom 5193 (1.3%) had HIV, and 2238 (43%) of those with HIV had a diagnosis of MDD. Black AoU participants had approximately 4.58 times the odds of having an HIV diagnosis compared with the combined odds of all other racial groups. AoU participants with HIV were more likely to have MDD (p = 0.001) than were participants without HIV.ConclusionAmong AoU participants, Black individuals have a disproportionately high burden of HIV, pointing to underlying factors such as social determinants of health, limited access to healthcare or prevention resources, and potential systemic biases that contribute to these differences. In addition, HIV is a risk factor for mental health issues like MDD. Further data collection from people with HIV will elucidate contributing factors and the need for interventions.
Effect of CdS on microstructure and performance of ZnO composite photocatalyst
Authors: Xu Xiaohong , Zhang Xinyi , Chen Xia , Wu Jianfen , Shen Yaqiang , Qiu Saixi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this study, Nd‒Dy‒ZnO and CdS‒Nd‒Dy‒ZnO photocatalysts were prepared by microwave hydrothermal method to improve the photocatalytic performance of ZnO. The microstructure and performance of samples were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet (UV)‒visible, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and evaluated with the methylene blue. The results showed that CdS attached to the ZnO crystal surface in the form of flocculent particles, and the combination with CdS promoted the growth of ZnO crystals, while an excess of CdS was found to be detrimental to the crystallization of ZnO. When nCdS/nZnO = 0.30 mol%, composite materials achieved the optimal photocatalytic performance, which made the degradation rate of methylene blue reach 93.42% under UV irradiation for 4 h. CdS‒Nd‒Dy‒ZnO composite photocatalytic material can generate active oxygen groups such as hydroxyl and superoxide radicals simultaneously, which greatly enhances the photocatalytic efficiency of the composite material.
Editor's Highlights – June 2024
Authors: Kemény Lajos 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAcne and hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) are chronic inflammatory skin conditions that significantly impact patients' quality of life. In the June issue of the Journal, we highlight the challenges in treating acne in skin of color (SOC) patients. Recent studies focusing on trifarotene, a selective retinoic acid receptor gamma agonist, demonstrated significant improvements in acne severity and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation in SOC patients. We will also delve into the early and aggressive treatment of HS and highlight a link between HS and increased cardiovascular risk. These insights demand a paradigm shift toward a more proactive and holistic management of HS, integrating skin and systemic health considerations to enhance patient outcomes significantly.
Fat quality, sensory properties and consumers preference towards different commercial labels for bovine milk from retail market
Authors: Lopez Annalaura , Moretti Vittorio Maria , Demartini Eugenio , Rossi Raffaella , Ratti Sabrina , Bellagamba Federica 
Published: May 2024

SummaryIn the modern large‐scale retail trade, voluntary quality schemes play a fundamental role to communicate specific quality attributes of processes and products, from farms to the market. However, consumers are not always able to recognise such an added value for milk certifications. In this paper, we evaluated the differences in the lipid quality and sensory properties of four different commercial labels for retail milk by means of gas‐chromatographic analysis of fatty acids (FAs) and sensory assessment performed by a trained sensory panel. Meanwhile, we tested the effects of the four selected milk labels and information on consumers perception by means of an online experimental survey. Our results emphasised a different FAs composition of retail milk labelled under voluntary certifications. Polyunsaturated FAs of the n‐3 and n‐6 series (along with their ratios), branched chain FAs, trans isomers of C18:1 and conjugated isomers of linoleic acid were found at different concentrations in different milk labels, with the TSG Haymilk (HM) displaying the most favourable profile followed by the mountain product (MP) and then by High‐Quality fresh milk (HQ) and Extended Shelf‐Life milk (ESL) with no voluntary quality marks. Being strictly related to the farm production system, milk FAs revealed as natural markers of production system for certified milk. Quite no difference was found for the sensory properties, excepting for the overall aroma intensity, which was lower in MP. At the same time, we evidenced that the added value given by the distinct quality of fat for HM and MP is still not recognised by consumers, which perceived these milk labels as healthy, as tasty, as natural and as nutrient as HQ. This result highlighted that there is still room for producers aligned with the voluntary certifications HQ and MP to promote their products on the market and to raise consumer awareness about their quality attributes.