bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Association Between Ferritin Concentration Within the Blood and Anti-Tissue Transglutaminase (tTG IgA) in Individuals with Celiac Disease
Authors: Alfahad Ahmed A. N 
Published: May 2024

Celiac disease (CD) is a major public health concern across the world. because to the related comorbidities. The purpose of this study was to research the relationship among serum ferritin and anti-tissue transglutaminase (tTG IgA) in celiac disease patients. The research was conducted in Iraq- Muthanna over the course of one year from 2022 to 2023. The study included (5o) (CD) patients and (5o) healthy peoples (control). Patients with chronic disease were excluded. Blood was drawn from (patients and healthy) and tested for ferritin and (tTG IgA). the results showed serum ferritin revealed a negatively correlation with anti-tissue transglutaminase (tTG IgA) (Pearson's regression equal to o.54) in patients with celiac disease . Finally, we can have been concluded from our study the iron storage is represented by ferritin is negatively correlated in patient with celiac disease and anti-tissue transglutaminase (tTG IgA).
THE KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, AND PRACTICES OF LIVESTOCK DEALERS IN WASIT PROVINCE, IRAQ REGARDING ZOONOTIC INFECTIONS
Authors: Shanjar Ali Mazahem 
Published: May 2024

This study aims to determine the knowledge, attitudes, and practices about diseases transmitted to humans from animals. The sample of the study is 77 persons working as breeders, fatteners, and sellers of cows and sheep in the countryside of wasit, Iraq. Those people answered some sociodemographic questions in addition to another three kinds of questions (knowledge attitudes and practices), the level score of knowledge was calculated by giving one point to every question. Participants were 72, and their average age was 45 years. The respondents whom had previously been infected were %87.6% of the respondents, however, 58.6% did not know that they infected from a healthy animal. Only 12.6% of the respondents received training on animal husbandry. The participants who had agricultural education were 37.6% of the participants. Those who know un-boiled milk can transmitted diseases were %65 of the and 96% of whom used to consume un-boiled milk. In this study, the lifetime prevalence of contracting diseases from animals was found to be 5.6%. Wearing gloves 36.2% while only % 28 of the participants was wearing masks. Who did not use any personal protective equipment were %13. Using raw milk was common among those who did not know that raw milk would be infected (p = 0.02). The participants were well informed about the disease transmitted from animals but they had less knowledge that poultry was also a source of infection (P <0.001). Participants do not demonstrate simple personal protective behaviour. Zoonotic diseases can be effectively addressed through the practice of occupational pathology, regional protection, the necessity of using personal protective equipment, and participation in training, especially in how to use it.
A QUESTÃO DO NÚMERO SETE NA OBRA: “AS SETE PORTAS DA BAHIA” DE CARYBÉ
Authors: Amparo Macedo Rita Márcia , Castro Júnior Luis Vitor 
Published: May 2024

A obra de Carybé floresceu em solo baiano com uma potencialidade cultural que possibilitou uma identificação do artista com a cidade, seu povo e sua gestualidade. Em sua arte, ele revela o mágico e os encantos da Bahia. O livro As sete portas da Bahia oferece uma amostra da perspectiva e do potencial criador do artista em questão, que escreve uma parte da história do Brasil e da Bahia, particularmente. Neste trabalho, é adotado um modelo teórico-metodológico de natureza qualitativa que tem características particulares. Objetivamos: identificar quais contextos culturais estão relacionados com o número sete na obra de Cary´be; analisar a obra As sete portas da Bahia, no que tange à fundação da cidade do Salvador, a representação e a magia que envolve o número sete, no intuito de chegar a uma compreensão da sua dinâmica criativa. Torna-se importante investigar de que modo o processo imaginativo do artista Carybé possibilita apreender com sua liberdade de criação a representar uma reflexão sobre o número sete e todo um processo de elaboração que envolve a chave para a abertura das suas imagens tratadas nos desenhos que ganham vida através da representação, da cultura. Com essa vasta possibilidade de nos comunicarmos é esse o papel que a semiótica desempenha como metodologia para um melhor entendimento do mundo e da realidade.
Personality in nonhuman primates: a review and evaluation of past research
Authors: Freeman Hani D. , Gosling Samuel D. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractScientific reports of personality in nonhuman primates are now appearing with increasing frequency across a wide range of disciplines, including psychology, anthropology, endocrinology, and zoo management. To identify general patterns of research and summarize the major findings to date, we present a comprehensive review of the literature, allowing us to pinpoint the major gaps in knowledge and determine what research challenges lay ahead. An exhaustive search of five scientific databases identified 210 relevant research reports. These articles began to appear in the 1930s, but it was not until the 1980s that research on primate personality began to gather pace, with more than 100 articles published in the last decade. Our analyses of the literature indicate that some domains (e.g., sex, age, rearing conditions) are more evenly represented in the literature than are others (e.g., species, research location). Studies examining personality structure (e.g., with factor analysis) have identified personality dimensions that can be divided into 14 broad categories, with Sociability, Confidence/Aggression, and Fearfulness receiving the most research attention. Analyses of the findings pertaining to inter‐rater agreement, internal consistency, test–retest reliability, generally support not only the reliability of primate personality ratings scales but also point to the need for more psychometric studies and greater consistency in how the analyses are reported. When measured at the level of broad dimensions, Extraversion and Dominance generally demonstrated the highest levels of inter‐rater reliability, with weaker findings for the dimensions of Agreeableness, Emotionality, and Conscientiousness. Few studies provided data with regard to convergent and discriminant validity; Excitability and Dominance demonstrated the strongest validity coefficients when validated against relevant behavioral criterion measures. Overall, the validity data present a somewhat mixed picture, suggesting that high levels of validity are attainable, but by no means guaranteed. Discussion focuses on delineating major theoretical and empirical questions facing research and practice in primate personality. Am. J. Primatol. 72:653–671, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chimpanzee responses to researchers in a disturbed forest–farm mosaic at Bulindi, western Uganda
Authors: McLennan Matthew R. , Hill Catherine M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe describe the behavior of a previously unstudied community of wild chimpanzees during opportunistic encounters with researchers in an unprotected forest–farm mosaic at Bulindi, Uganda. Data were collected during 115 encounters between May 2006 and January 2008. Individual responses were recorded during the first minute of visual contact. The most common responses were “ignore” for arboreal chimpanzees and “monitor” for terrestrial individuals. Chimpanzees rarely responded with “flight”. Adult males were seen disproportionately often relative to adult females, and accounted for 90% of individual responses recorded for terrestrial animals. Entire encounters were also categorized based on the predominant response of the chimpanzee party to researcher proximity. The most frequent encounter type was “ignore” (36%), followed by “monitor” (21%), “intimidation” (18%) and “stealthy retreat” (18%). “Intimidation” encounters occurred when chimpanzees were contacted in dense forest where visibility was low, provoking intense alarm and agitation. Adult males occasionally acted together to repel researchers through aggressive mobbing and pursuit. Chimpanzee behavior during encounters reflects the familiar yet frequently agonistic relationship between apes and local people at Bulindi. The chimpanzees are not hunted but experience high levels of harassment from villagers. Human‐directed aggression by chimpanzees may represent a strategy to accommodate regular disruptions to foraging effort arising from competitive encounters with people both in and outside forest. Average encounter duration and proportion of encounters categorized as “ignore” increased over time, whereas “intimidation” encounters decreased, indicating some habituation occurred during the study. Ecotourism aimed at promoting tolerance of wildlife through local revenue generation is one possible strategy for conserving great apes on public or private land. However, the data imply that habituating chimpanzees for viewing‐based ecotourism in heavily human‐dominated landscapes, such as Bulindi, is ill‐advised since a loss of fear of humans could lead to increased negative interactions with local people. Am. J. Primatol. Am. J. Primatol. 72:907–918, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Scalar Aharonov‐Bohm effect in the presence of a topological defect
Authors: Bakke K. , Furtado C. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn this paper we study the scalar Aharonov‐Bohm effect for a neutral particle possessing a magnetic dipole moment in the presence of a cosmic string. We study the phase shift acquired by the wave function of the neutral particle in the presence of this topological defect, investigate this phase shift within nonrelativistic and relativistic quantum descriptions considering two distinct magnetic field configurations and find that the scalar Aharonov‐Bohm effect is composed by two contributions, with the first one arises due to the interaction of a magnetic dipole with an external field, and other one arises due to the presence of the cosmic string. The nondispersivity of this effect is also discussed.
Quantitative Computed Tomography of Humpback Whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) Mandibles: Mechanical Implications for Rorqual Lunge‐Feeding
Authors: Field Daniel J. , Campbell‐Malone Regina , Goldbogen Jeremy A. , Shadwick Robert E. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractRorqual whales (Balaenopteridae) lunge at high speed with mouth open to nearly 90 degrees to engulf large volumes of prey‐laden water. This feeding process is enabled by extremely large skulls and mandibles that increase mouth area, thereby facilitating the flux of water into the mouth. When these mandibles are lowered during lunge‐feeding, they are exposed to high drag, and therefore, may be subject to significant bending forces. We hypothesized that these mandibles exhibited a mechanical design (shape and density distribution) that enables these bones to accommodate high loads during lunge‐feeding without exceeding their breaking strength. We used quantitative computed tomography (QCT) to determine the three‐dimensional geometry and density distribution of a pair of subadult humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) mandibles (length = 2.10 m). QCT data indicated highest bone density and cross‐sectional area, and therefore, high resistance to bending and deflection, from the coronoid process to the middle of the dentary, which then decreased towards the anterior end of the mandible. These results differ from the caudorostral trends of increasing mandibular bone density in mammals, such as humans and the right whale, Eubalaena glacialis, indicating that adaptive bone remodeling is a significant contributing factor in establishing mandibular bone density distributions in rorquals. Anat Rec 293:1240–1247, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hyperostosis Frontalis Interna and Androgen Suppression
Authors: May Hila , Peled Natan , Dar Gali , Abbas Janan , Medlej Bahaa , Masharawi Youssef , Hershkovitz Israel 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAlthough hyperostosis frontalis interna (HFI) has been documented in the medical literature for over 300 years, its etiology remains undetermined. It is generally assumed to be associated with hormonal disturbances of the gonads. The aim of this study was to examine the association between androgen deprivation and development of HFI in males. Two groups of males over 60‐years old were compared: a control group that included 180 healthy males, 45 suffering from benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) and a study group of 127 males with prostate cancer: 67 who received complete androgen block treatment, and 60 who received different treatments or none at all. CT head scans were used to identify and classify HFI (Brilliance 64, Philips Medical Systems, slice thickness 3 mm × 1.5 mm). It was found that males who received a complete androgen block manifested significantly higher prevalence of HFI compared to healthy males. However, no significant difference in HFI prevalence was found between males suffering from BPH and healthy males or males with prostate cancer who had not received a complete androgen block. A positive association between length of hormonal treatment and manifestation of HFI was shown. It can be concluded that BPH does not promote development of HFI; males who are hormonally treated for prostate cancer are at a higher risk of developing HFI compared to healthy males; the longer the duration of hormonal treatment, the higher the risk of developing HFI. Anat Rec 293:1333–1336, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Microanatomy of the Mandibular Symphysis in Lizards: Patterns in Fiber Orientation and Meckel's Cartilage and Their Significance in Cranial Evolution
Authors: Holliday Casey M. , Gardner Nicholas M. , Paesani Sylvia M. , Douthitt Mallory , Ratliff Jack L. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAlthough the mandibular symphysis is a functionally and evolutionarily important feature of the vertebrate skull, little is known about the soft‐tissue morphology of the joint in squamate reptiles. Lizards evolved a diversity of skull shapes and feeding behaviors, thus it is expected that the morphology of the symphysis will correspond with functional patterns. Here, we present new histological data illustrating the morphology of the joint in a number of taxa including iguanians, geckos, scincomorphs, lacertoids, and anguimorphs. The symphyses of all taxa exhibit dorsal and ventral fibrous portions of the joints that possess an array of parallel and woven collagen fibers. The middle and ventral portions of the joints are complemented by contributions of Meckel's cartilage. Kinetic taxa have more loosely built symphyses with large domains of parallel‐oriented fibers whereas hard biting and akinetic taxa have symphyses primarily composed of dense, woven fibers. Whereas most taxa maintain unfused Meckel's cartilages, iguanians, and geckos independently evolved fused Meckel's cartilages; however, the joint's morphologies suggest different developmental mechanisms. Fused Meckel's cartilages may be associated with the apomorphic lingual behaviors exhibited by iguanians (tongue translation) and geckos (drinking). These morphological data shed new light on the functional, developmental, and evolutionary patterns displayed by the heads of lizards. Anat Rec 293:1350–1359, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Divergent Development of the Apical Ectodermal Ridge in the Marsupial Monodelphis domestica
Authors: Doroba Carolyn K. , Sears Karen E. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractMarsupials give birth after short gestation times to neonates that have an intriguing combination of precocial and altricial features, based on their functional necessity after birth. Perhaps most noticeably, marsupial newborns have highly developed forelimbs, which provide the propulsion necessary for the newborn's crawl to the teat. To achieve their advanced state at birth, the development of marsupial forelimbs is accelerated. The development of the newborn's hind limb, which plays no part in the crawl, is not accelerated, and is likely even delayed. Given the large differences in the rate of limb outgrowth among marsupials and placentals, we hypothesize that the pathways underlying the early development and outgrowth of marsupial limbs, especially that of their forelimbs, will also be divergent. As a first step toward testing this, we examine the development of one of the two major signaling centers of the developing limb, the apical ectodermal ridge (AER), in a marsupial, Monodelphis domestica. We found that, while both opossum limbs have reduced physical AER's, in the opossum forelimb this reduction has been taken to the extreme. Where the M. domestica forelimb should have an AER, it instead has only a few patches of disorganized cells. These results make the marsupial, M. domestica, the only known amniote (without reduced limbs) to exhibit no morphological AER. However, both M. domestica limbs normally express Fgf8, a molecular marker of the AER. Anat Rec 293:1325–1332, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preparation of Enzymatically Recyclable Hydrogels Through the Formation of Inclusion Complexes of Amylose in a Vine‐Twining Polymerization
Authors: Kaneko Yoshiro , Fujisaki Kazuya , Kyutoku Tsuyoshi , Furukawa Hidemitsu , Kadokawa Jun‐ichi 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we describe the preparation of hydrogels through the formation of an inclusion complex of amylose in a vine‐twining polymerization. This is achieved by the phosphorylase‐catalyzed polymerization of α‐D‐glucose 1‐phosphate from maltoheptaose primer, in the presence of a water‐soluble copolymer having hydrophobic graft‐chains (poly(acrylic acid sodium salt‐graft‐δ‐valerolactone)). The mixture turns into a gel during the polymerization process. Evaluation of the hydrogels is conducted by shear‐viscosity measurements of the products. For the hydrogels with relatively high viscosities, fast relaxation modes of the cooperative diffusions are observed by scanning microscopic light scattering measurements, which indicate the nanometer‐size network structures of the hydrogels. In addition, we found that the enzymatic disruption and reproduction of the hydrogels are achieved by the combination of the amylase‐catalyzed hydrolysis of the amylose component and the formation of amylose by the phosphorylase‐catalyzed polymerization.
A new approach to ammonium sulphate feeding for fed‐batch Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis cultivation in tubular photobioreactor
Authors: Ferreira Lívia S. , Rodrigues Mayla S. , Converti Attilio , Sato Sunao , Carvalho João Carlos M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractArthrospira platensis was cultivated in tubular photobioreactor using different photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD) and protocols of (NH4)2SO4 fed‐batch supply. Results were evaluated by variance analysis selecting maximum cell concentration (Xm), cell productivity (Px), nitrogen‐to‐cell conversion factor (YX/N) and biomass, protein and lipid contents as responses. At PPFD of 120 and 240 μmol‐photons/m2 s, a parabolic profile of (NH4)2SO4 addition aiming at producing biomass with 7% nitrogen content ensured Xm values (14.1 and 12.2 g/L, respectively) comparable to those obtained with NaNO3. At PPFD of 240 μmol‐photons/m2 s, Px (1.69 g/Ld) was 36% higher, although the photosynthetic efficiency (3.0%) was less than one‐half that at PPFD of 120 μmol‐photons/m2 s. Biomass was shown to be constituted by about 35% proteins and 10% lipids, without any dependence on PPFD or kind of nitrogen source. These results highlight the possible use of (NH4)2SO4 as alternative, cheap nitrogen source for A. platensis cultivation in tubular photobioreactors. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010
A novel dermal tissue construct: Development and in vitro characterization
Authors: Deshpande Manisha S. , Kuchroo Pushpa V. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA dermal tissue construct composed of human dermal fibroblasts and a chitosan sponge has been developed, targeted towards the treatment of diabetic nonhealing ulcers. The construct has been designed in a way that the dermal fibroblasts are arranged as a three‐dimensional sheet adhered entirely on one side of the chitosan sponge. This design would allow maximal diffusion of growth factors from the cells to the wound bed when the construct is applied on the wound with the cellular sheet side making contact with the wound bed. The diffusion of secreted growth factors would take place directly from cells to the wound bed without being impeded by a matrix. The cells are present at a high density in the dermal construct, which would aid in accelerated wound healing. The construct has a porous chitosan sponge base, which would allow gas exchange, and renders the dermal construct very flexible so that it would take the shape of the wound contours well, while having mechanical integrity. The viability of cells in the construct is greater than 90%. The dermal construct produces a high amount of vascular endothelial growth factor, from 42 ng to 31 ng in 24 h. The construct also produces high amounts of Interleukin‐8 (IL‐8), from 375 ng to 1065 ng in the first 24 h. Both VEGF and IL‐8 have important roles in the healing of chronic diabetic ulcers. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010
An FPGA‐based integrated environment for computer architecture
Authors: Bulić Patricio , Guštin Veselko , Šonc Damjan , Štrancar Andrej 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe present a new, integrated environment used in computer‐architecture education. The environment consists of a hardware platform and GUI software running on a PC. The hardware platform is entirely implemented in Xilinx Spartan‐3 FPGA. The main part of the hardware platform is a 32‐bit pipelined RISC processor with a trace/debug unit. This trace/debug unit is a hardware unit that enables debugging and transfers the pipeline contents to the PC. It also enables communication between the GUI application on the PC and the microprocessor core. Such a system makes it possible to download the students' programs to the FPGA‐based microprocessor and graphically depicts the processor's internal state on the PC. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 21: 26–35, 2013
Quinaphos and Dihydro‐Quinaphos Phosphine–Phosphoramidite Ligands for Asymmetric Hydrogenation
Authors: Pullmann Thomas , Engendahl Barthel , Zhang Ziyun , Hölscher Markus , Zanotti‐Gerosa Antonio , Dyke Alan , Franciò Giancarlo , Leitner Walter 
Published: May 2010

AbstractNew derivatives of the Quinaphos ligands and the related Dihydro‐Quinaphos ligands based on the more flexible 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinoline backbone have been prepared and fully characterised. A general and straightforward separation protocol was devised, which allowed for the gram‐scale isolation of the Ra,Sc and Sa,Rc diastereomers. These new phosphine–phosphoramidite ligands have been applied in the Rh‐catalysed asymmetric hydrogenation of functionalised olefins with the achievement of excellent enantioselectivities (≥99 %) in most cases and turnover frequency (TOF) values of up to ≥20 000 h−1. These results substantiate the practical utility of readily accessible Quinaphos‐type ligands, which belong to the most active and selective category of ligands for Rh‐catalysed hydrogenation known to date.