bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inactivation of a 25.5 µm Enterococcus faecalis biofilm by a room-temperature, battery-operated, handheld air plasma jet
Authors: Pei X , Lu X , Liu J , Liu D , Yang Y , Ostrikov K , Chu Paul K , Pan Y 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Effective biofilm inactivation using a handheld, mobile plasma jet powered by a 12 V dc battery and operated in open air without any external gas supply is reported. This cold, room-temperature plasma is produced in self-repetitive nanosecond discharges with current pulses of ∼100 ns duration, current peak amplitude of ∼6 mA and repetition rate of ∼20 kHz. It is shown that the reactive plasma species penetrate to the bottom layer of a 25.5 µm-thick Enterococcus faecalis biofilm and produce a strong bactericidal effect. This is the thickest reported biofilm inactivated using room-temperature air plasmas.
First Report of Alternaria petroselini Causing Leaf Blight of Fennel in Spain
Authors: Bassimba D. D. M. , Mira J. L. , Baixauli C. , Vicent A. 
Published: April 2012

Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) is an aromatic herb widely cultivated in Mediterranean areas for culinary and medicinal uses. In 2010, symptoms consisting of leaf blight and necrosis were observed in commercial organic fennel production areas in Valencia Province in east-central Spain. Disease incidence in affected fields was approximately 20%. Symptomatic leaves from four fields were surface disinfected with 0.5% NaOCl for 2 min, and small fragments from necrotic lesions were then plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with 0.5 g of streptomycin sulfate/liter. After 7 days at 25°C, isolates of the genus Alternaria were consistently isolated. Single conidium cultures were grown on PDA and V8 agar for morphological examination. On both agar media, colonies were dark olive brown without production of pigments. On V8 agar, conidia were solitary, darkly pigmented, and predominantly ovoid-subsphaeroid. Mature conidia were 25 to 59 × 12 to 23 μm with up to six to seven transepta and one to three longisepta. The 5.8S, ITS2, and 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) regions were amplified with the primers ITS3 and ITS4 (3) from DNA extracted from the isolate IVIA-A029, and sequenced (GenBank Accession No. JQ240204). The sequence had 100% identity (total score 399, 97% coverage) with that of Alternaria petroselini (Neergard) Simmons strain EGS 09-159 (GenBank Accession No. AF229454.1) (1). Pathogenicity tests were conducted on four 3-month-old fennel plants (cv. Giotto) by spraying a conidial suspension of the fungus (10 ml/plant, 103 conidia/ml of water). Four control plants were sprayed with sterile, distilled water. Plants were covered with plastic bags and incubated in a growth chamber for 72 h at 25°C. Leaf necrosis was visible on inoculated plants after 4 days, but symptoms were not observed on control plants. The fungus was reisolated from leaf lesions on inoculated plants, but not from leaves of control plants, confirming Koch's postulates. On the basis of the morphological (2), molecular, and pathogenicity data, the disease was identified as Alternaria leaf blight of fennel caused by A. petroselini. To our knowledge, this is the first report of A. petroselini in Spain. References: (1) B. M. Pryor and R. L. Gilbertson. Mycol. Res. 104:1312, 2000. (2) E. G. Simmons. Alternaria: An Identification Manual. CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 2007. (3) T. J. White et al. Pages 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1990.
The Radium Committee of the Royal Society and the fate of the substances purchased by it
Authors: Todd Neil 
Published: April 2012

In this article, documents relating to the history of the Radium Committee of the Royal Society are collated for the first time. Founded in 1903, the committee had its status enhanced in 1904, when the Goldsmiths' Company donated £1000 for the establishment of a Radium Research Fund. Two years later the fund was used to purchase 500 kg of pitchblende residues from the Austrian government. The French chemist Armet de Lisle was contracted to perform the first stage of extraction, and the process of purification was performed at the Government Laboratory during 1907 by the Government Analyst, T. E. Thorpe, yielding an estimated 70 mg of radium chloride. In 1914 the unexpended balance of about £500 was awarded to Ernest Rutherford, but the bulk was not used until 1921, when Rutherford had moved to Cambridge. The fund was then used to purchase radium that had been on loan to him from Austria before World War I. After Rutherford's death in 1937 the Committee was wound up, and the Society's radium was controlled on a more
ad hoc
basis. After Thorpe's work in 1907, the radium was lent out successively to several leading scientists until its existence was last recorded in 1953.
Genetic Analysis of Strawberry Fruit Aroma and Identification ofO-Methyltransferase FaOMTas the Locus Controlling Natural Variation in Mesifurane Content
Authors: Zorrilla-Fontanesi Yasmín , Rambla José-Luis , Cabeza Amalia , Medina Juan J. , Sánchez-Sevilla José F. , Valpuesta Victoriano , Botella Miguel A. , Granell Antonio , Amaya Iraida 
Published: April 2012

AbstractImprovement of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) fruit flavor is an important goal in breeding programs. To investigate genetic factors controlling this complex trait, a strawberry mapping population derived from genotype ‘1392’, selected for its superior flavor, and ‘232’ was profiled for volatile compounds over 4 years by headspace solid phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. More than 300 volatile compounds were detected, of which 87 were identified by comparison of mass spectrum and retention time to those of pure standards. Parental line ‘1392’ displayed higher volatile levels than ‘232’, and these and many other compounds with similar levels in both parents segregated in the progeny. Cluster analysis grouped the volatiles into distinct chemically related families and revealed a complex metabolic network underlying volatile production in strawberry fruit. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) detection was carried out over 3 years based on a double pseudo-testcross strategy. Seventy QTLs covering 48 different volatiles were detected, with several of them being stable over time and mapped as major QTLs. Loci controlling γ-decalactone and mesifurane content were mapped as qualitative traits. Using a candidate gene approach we have assigned genes that are likely responsible for several of the QTLs. As a proof of concept we show that one homoeolog of the O-methyltransferase gene (FaOMT) is the locus responsible for the natural variation of mesifurane content. Sequence analysis identified 30 bp in the promoter of this FaOMT homoeolog containing putative binding sites for basic/helix-loop-helix, MYB, and BZIP transcription factors. This polymorphism fully cosegregates with both the presence of mesifurane and the high expression of FaOMT during ripening.
Staphylococcal superantigen‐like protein 10 binds to phosphatidylserine and apoptotic cells
Authors: Itoh Saotomo , Yokoyama Ryosuke , Murase Chizuko , Takii Takemasa , Tsuji Tsutomu , Onozaki Kikuo 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTStaphylococcal superantigen‐like proteins (SSLs) are a family of exoproteins that have structural similarities to staphylococcal superantigens. Although SSLs do not have superantigenic activity, some of them have been reported to bind to host immune related molecules and they have been implicated in immune evasion by S. aureus. In this study, we showed that SSL10 is capable of binding to phospholipids. SSL10 bound to phosphatidylserine (PS) containing liposome, but not to phosphatidylcholine liposome. SSL10, but not SSL7, bound to PS containing liposome, suggesting that SSL10 specifically binds to PS. Analysis of PS binding ability among recombinant truncated SSL10 fragments revealed that the β‐barrel in the N‐terminal oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide‐binding (OB)‐fold domain contributes to PS binding capacity. Fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled OB‐fold of SSL10 stained hydrogen peroxide treated Jurkat cells. Annexin V is widely utilized for detection of apoptosis. Unlike annexin V, the OB‐fold domain of SSL10 also bound to apoptotic cells in the presence of EDTA, suggesting that the OB‐fold of SSL10 recognizes PS and apoptotic cells in a Ca2+ independent manner. These findings suggest SSL10 and its derived peptides may be a novel detection tool for apoptotic cells.
Development of an in vitro antigen‐detection test as an alternative method to the in vivo plaque reduction neutralization test for the quality control of Japanese encephalitis virus vaccine
Authors: Kim Do Keun , Kim Hye‐Youn , Kim Joo‐Young , Ye Michael B. , Park Kee‐Bum , Han Euiri , Kim Jaeok , Ja Ban Sang , Hong Seung Hwa , Park Yong Keun , Nam Jae‐Hwan 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTJapanese encephalitis virus (JEV) causes diseases that attack the human central nervous system. Traditionally, the quality control for JEV vaccines, in which the plaque reduction neutralization (PRN) titer is measured by the national control laboratories before the vaccine batches are marketed, has required laboratory animal testing. However, classical animal tests have inherent problems, including the very fact that animals are used, ethical issues, and the possibility of error. In this study, JEV antigen was measured in an in vitro assay to assess the feasibility of replacing in vivo assays that measure the PRN titers of JEV vaccines. We constructed a double‐sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (DS‐ELISA) that could detect JEV envelope (E). Initially, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed against the JEV E protein were generated and characterized. We isolated 18 mAbs against JEV E protein, and most were the IgG1 or IgG2a isotype. The mAbs (5F15 and 7D71) were selected as the most suitable mAb pair to detect JEV E protein. DS‐ELISA with this pair detected as little as approximately 3 μg/mL JEV E protein and demonstrated a relationship between the amount of JEV E protein and the PRN titer. From these results, we surmise that this DS‐ELISA may be useful, not only in terms of measuring the amount of JEV E protein, but also as a substitute for the PRN test for JEV vaccine evaluation.
Incorporating multi‐family days into parenting assessments: the Writtle Wick model
Authors: Barratt Sara 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper describes a project undertaken by family centre staff, drawing on the ideas of the Marlborough Family Service in using multi‐family groups as part of their parenting assessments. Child protection assessments are complex and have a far reaching effect on the lives of vulnerable children; practitioners can carry the burden of assessing parents' capacities to meet their children's needs without adequate supervision or support. Our project was developed following the implementation of a new policy, the Public Law Outline, requiring parenting assessments to be completed within a 40‐week time frame. We were concerned that this would not afford the opportunity to develop a sufficient relationship with families to provide a thorough assessment. The paper describes the incorporation of multi‐family days into the parenting assessments and the effect of this work on clients and practitioners. This paper is a practice paper, rather than a formal evaluation, and describes a project in which family centre workers sought to provide a model of assessment based on working as part of a team, managing uncertainty and valuing the opportunity to develop a relationship with clients in order to make an assessment.
Alteration of CD1 expression in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Bine S , Haziot A , Malikova I , Pelletier J , Charron D , Boucraut J , Mooney N , Gelin C 
Published: April 2012

Summary
Studies of multiple sclerosis (MS) have concentrated mainly on antigen presentation of peptides derived from the myelin sheath, while the implication of lipid antigen has been less explored in this pathology. As the extracellular environment regulates expression of the lipid antigen-presenting molecule CD1, we have examined whether sera from patients alters CD1 surface expression in monocyte-derived dendritic cells. We have shown that: (i) CD1 group 1 proteins were highly expressed in the presence of MS sera; (ii) sera from MS patients differentially regulated CD1 group 1 versus CD1 group 2 molecular expression; and (iii) CD1 was expressed strongly in monocytes from MS patients under immunosuppressive treatment. Overall, these results reveal that CD1 expression is modified in MS and provide novel information on the regulation of lipid antigen presentation in myeloid cells.
Using coupled fish behavior–hydrodynamic model to investigate spawning migration of Japanese anchovy, Engraulis japonicus, from the East China Sea to Taiwan
Authors: TU CHEN‐YI , TSENG YU‐HENG , CHIU TAI‐SHENG , SHEN MAO‐LIN , HSIEH CHIH‐HAO 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAdult Japanese anchovies (Engraulis japonicus) migrate from the East China Sea to the coastal region of Taiwan to spawn around late winter and early spring and, later, their larvae constitute important fisheries in Taiwan. However, their migration route and its mechanism remain unclear. To investigate their spawning migration, we used a coupled fish behavior–hydrodynamic modeling approach. The physical field is simulated by the Pacific Ocean adaptation of the TaIwan Multi‐scale Community Ocean Model (TIMCOM) and the fish migration by Lagrangian tracer tracking with the aid of approximation of fish swimming behavior. We investigated three fish behavioral scenarios: (i) passive tracking of the current, (ii) swimming along with the current, and (iii) swimming along with the current and then changing to swimming toward the optimal spawning temperature. The comparison with and without Changjiang discharge is used to investigate the impacts of discharge reduction due to the Three Gorges Dam. Our results suggest that spawning migration of Japanese anchovy from the East China Sea to Taiwan may be aided by the China Coastal Current and that adult anchovies cannot reach the spawning site by passive advection alone. Thus, the swimming behavior of anchovies is crucial during the spawning migration, as it provides extra velocity and the orientation to the favorable spawning grounds. In addition, the adult anchovy is unlikely to reach the coastal area of Taiwan without Changjiang discharge. Our findings indicate that a coupled fish behavior–hydrodynamic model can help understand the influences of physical environment on the migration of Japanese anchovies.
The incidence of human herpes virus‐8 expression in lymph node biopsies from human immunodeficiency virus‐positive patients
Authors: Beukes Catherine A , Thiart Jacoretha 
Published: April 2012

Beukes C A & Thiart J  (2012) Histopathology 61, 942–944The incidence of human herpes virus‐8 expression in lymph node biopsies from human immunodeficiency virus‐positive patientsAims:  Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐related lymphadenopathy is characterized by a wide spectrum of histological changes. Three patterns have been described which correspond to clinical stages of HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Castleman disease is a heterogeneous group of disorders. A recently described variant, multicentric Castleman disease (MCD), of which some cases are associated with human herpes virus‐8 (HHV‐8), has been reported in both HIV‐seropositive and ‐negative patients. Considerable morphological overlap occurs between one of the patterns of HIV lymphadenopathy and this variant.Methods and results:  This retrospective histopathological study on 95 cases of HIV‐reactive lymphadenopathy assessed the incidence of the different patterns and HHV‐8 on immunohistochemistry (IHC). Of the 95 cases, 78 (82.1%) were HHV‐8‐negative, of which 46 (59.0%) were classified as pattern A, 20 (25.6%) as pattern B and 12 (15.4%) as pattern C. Nine (31.0%) of 29 cases with pattern B and 8 (40.0%) of 20 cases with pattern C were HHV‐8 positive. In total 15 cases of MCD were diagnosed in this series.Conclusion:  This study draws attention to the overlap between HIV lymphadenopathy and MCD. We recommend that cases of HHV‐8‐associated MCD should be investigated for HIV infection.
A comparative study on the antioxidative and anti‐allergic activities of fresh and aged black garlic extracts
Authors: Kim Joo Hee , Nam Seok Hyun , Rico Catherine W. , Kang Mi Young 
Published: April 2012

SummaryThe antioxidative and anti‐allergic activities of fresh and aged black garlic extracts were investigated. The garlic samples were extracted with 70% ethanol (v/v) and the total phenolic content was measured. The antioxidant capacity of extracts was assessed by determining the scavenging activities on 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl and hydroxyl radicals, ferricyanide reducing power, ferrous ion‐chelating ability and inhibitory effect on linoleic acid peroxidation. The anti‐allergic activity of extracts was analysed by measuring their inhibitory effects against β‐hexosaminidase release. The aged black garlic exhibited significantly higher phenolic content and greater antioxidative activity than fresh garlic. Both garlic extracts showed strong antioxidant capacity in a dose‐dependent manner. On the other hand, a considerably higher suppression of β‐hexosaminidase release was found in fresh garlic extract at lower concentration compared with that of the black garlic. Results of this study illustrate that ageing of garlic could enhance its antioxidant capacity, but could decrease its anti‐allergic activity.
Fructooligosaccharides as a fat replacer in fermented cooked sausages
Authors: dos Santos Bibiana Alves , Campagnol Paulo Cezar Bastianello , Pacheco Maria Teresa Bertoldo , Pollonio Marise Aparecida Rodrigues 
Published: April 2012

SummaryFermented cooked sausages with a 50% reduction in pork back fat and addition of 0%, 3%, 6% or 9% of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) were produced and studied during manufacturing and storage. Their production was monitored by physicochemical (pH, water activity, weight loss, proximate composition, colour and texture profiles) and microbiological analysis (aerobic mesophiles, lactic acid bacteria, and total and faecal coliforms). During storage, it was evaluated the sensory properties, stability to lipid oxidation and microbiological safety. The final fat content of the control was 27.54%. F0, F3, F6 and F9 treatments had final fat contents of 17.63%, 17.55%, 17.91% and 17.59%, respectively, representing an approximately 40% reduction in the fat content. The simple reduction in pork back fat without fat substitute adversely affected the technological and sensory properties of the fermented cooked sausages, but the addition of FOS suppressed the defects caused by the fat reduction. The content of FOS did not changed during storage, indicating that this functional prebiotic compound can be used for developing of reduced fat fermented meat products.
Stroke patients’ functions in personal activities of daily living in relation to sleep and socio‐demographic and clinical variables in the acute phase after first‐time stroke and at six months of follow‐up
Authors: Bakken Linda N , Kim Hesook S , Finset Arnstein , Lerdal Anners 
Published: April 2012

Aims and objectives.  To explore first‐time stroke patients’ degree of independence in activities of daily life in relation to sleep and other essential variables that might influence activities of daily life.Background.  Sleep has received little attention in rehabilitation of activities of daily life in stroke patients.Design.  This is a longitudinal survey and observational study design from the acute phase to six months poststroke.Methods.  First‐time stroke patients (n = 90) were recruited from two hospitals in eastern Norway in 2007 and 2008. Data were collected by survey interview, medical records and wrist actigraphy in the first two weeks at the hospital and at six months of follow‐up. Actigraph measures patient activity and estimates sleep during the day and night.Results.  Linear regression showed that high dependence in personal activities of daily living was directly related to low estimated sleep time at night and higher estimated sleep during the day in the acute phase, controlling for socio‐demographic and clinical variables. Furthermore, high estimated numbers of awakenings in the acute phase were related to lower activities of daily life functioning at six months of follow‐up after controlling for socio‐demographic and clinical variables. Stronger pain and a lower physical functioning showed direct relationships with lower independency level of in activities of daily life both in the acute phase and after six months.Conclusions.  Sleep patterns in the acute phase may influence the patients’ activities of daily life functioning up to six months poststroke. Furthermore, pain in the acute phase may influence the level of activities of daily life functioning in stroke patients.Relevance to clinical practice.  Nurses should pay attention to stroke patients’ sleep quality and pain in the rehabilitation period after a stroke. Facilitating good sleep conditions and screening for pain should be an integral part of the rehabilitation programme.
Understanding aggressive behaviour across the lifespan
Authors: LIU J. , LEWIS G. , EVANS L. 
Published: April 2012

Accessible summary
Aggressive behavior is the observable manifestation of aggression and is associated with transitions across different developmental periods as well as a variety of medical and psychiatric disorders.
This paper provides a brief review of the different biological, social, and environmental risk factors that may predispose individuals to aggressive behavior.
In addition, this paper discusses the unique risk factors for aggressive behavior across the developmental spectrum, including childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and late life.
Appreciation of the risk factors of aggressive behavior and how they relate to age‐specific manifestations may aid the development of prevention and treatment programs.
AbstractAggressive behaviour is the observable manifestation of aggression and is often associated with developmental transitions and a range of medical and psychiatric diagnoses across the lifespan. As healthcare professionals involved in the medical and psychosocial care of patients from birth through death, nurses frequently encounter – and may serve as – both victims and perpetrators of aggressive behaviour in the workplace. While the nursing literature has continually reported research on prevention and treatment approaches, less emphasis has been given to understanding the aetiology, including contextual precipitants of aggressive behaviour. This paper provides a brief review of the biological, social and environmental risk factors that purportedly give rise to aggressive behaviour. Further, many researchers have focused specifically on aggressive behaviour in adolescence and adulthood. Less attention has been given to understanding the aetiology of such behaviour in young children and older adults. This paper emphasizes the unique risk factors for aggressive behaviour across the developmental spectrum, including childhood, adolescence, adulthood and late life. Appreciation of the risk factors of aggressive behaviour, and, in particular, how they relate to age‐specific manifestations, can aid nurses in better design and implementation of prevention and treatment programmes.