bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The spatial genetic differentiation of the legume pod borer,Maruca vitrataF. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) populations in West Africa
Authors: Agunbiade T.A. , Coates B.S. , Kim K.S. , Forgacs D. , Margam V.M. , Murdock L.L. , Ba M.N. , Binso-Dabire C.L. , Baoua I. , Ishiyaku M.F. , Tamò M. , Pittendrigh B.R. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe legume pod borer,Maruca vitrata, is an endemic insect pest that causes significant yield loss to the cowpea crop in West Africa. The application of population genetic tools is important in the management of insect pests but such data onM. vitratais lacking. We applied a set of six microsatellite markers to assess the population structure ofM. vitratacollected at five sites from Burkina Faso, Niger and Nigeria. Observed polymorphisms ranged from one (marker 3393) to eight (marker 32008) alleles per locus. Observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.0 to 0.8 and 0.0 to 0.6, respectively. Three of the loci in samples from Nigeria and Burkina Faso deviated significantly from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE), whereas no loci deviated significantly in samples from Niger. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that 67.3% level of the genetic variation was within individuals compared to 17.3% among populations. A global estimate ofFST=0.1 (ENA correctedFST=0.1) was significant (P⩽0.05) and corroborated by pairwiseFSTvalues that were significant among all possible comparisons. A significant correlation was predicted between genetic divergence and geographic distance between subpopulations (R2=0.6,P=0.04), and cluster analysis by the program STRUCTURE predicted that co-ancestry of genotypes were indicative of three distinct populations. The spatial genetic variance amongM. vitratain West Africa may be due to limited gene flow, south-north seasonal movement pattern or other reproductive barriers. This information is important for the cultural, chemical and biological control strategies for managingM. vitrata.
Composition of cuticular lipids in the pteromalid wasp Lariophagus distinguendus is host dependent
Authors: Kühbandner S. , Hacker K. , Niedermayer S. , Steidle J.L.M. , Ruther J. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe insect cuticle is covered by a thin layer of hydrocarbons not only preventing desiccation but also playing an important role in the sexual communication of several species. In the pteromalid wasp Lariophagus distinguendus, a parasitoid of grain infesting beetles, female cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) elicit male courtship behaviour. We analyzed the CHC profiles of male and female L. distinguendus wasps reared on different beetle hosts by coupled gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Statistical analysis of the data revealed significant differences between strains reared on different hosts, while spatially isolated strains reared on the same host produced similar profiles. CHC profiles of parasitoids reared on Stegobium paniceum were statistically distinguishable from those of wasps reared on all other hosts. A host shift from Sitophilus granarius to S. paniceum resulted in distinguishable CHC profiles of L. distinguendus females after only one generation. Considering the role of CHCs as contact sex pheromones, our data suggest that host shifts in parasitic wasps might lead to reproductive isolation of host races due to the modification of the cuticular semiochemistry.
Kefir grains as a starter for whey fermentation at different temperatures: chemical and microbiological characterisation
Authors: Londero Alejandra , Hamet María F. , De Antoni Graciela L. , Garrote Graciela L. , Abraham Analía G. 
Published: April 2012

We report here a comparative analysis of the growth, acidification capacity, and chemical and microbiologic composition between kefir grains after 20 subcultures in whey at 20, 30, and 37°C and the original kefir grains coming from milk along with a determination of the microbiological composition of the fermented whey as compared with that of traditional fermented milk.When fermentation was carried out repeatedly at 30 or 37°C, kefir grains changed their kefir-like appearance, exhibited reduced growth rates, had a lower diversity of yeasts and water content, and a higher protein-to-polysaccharide ratio compared with the original kefir grains. In contrast, at 20°C kefir grains could remain in whey for prolonged periods without altering their acidification capacity, growth rate, macroscopic appearance or chemical and microbiologic composition—with the only difference being a reduction in certain yeast populations after 20 subcultures in whey. At this incubation temperature, the presence ofLactobacillus kefiranofaciens, Lb. kefir, Lb. parakefir, Lactococcus lactis, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Saccharomyces unisporus, andSac. cerevisiaewas detected in kefir grains and in fermented whey by denaturing-gradient-gel electrophoresis (DGGE). In whey fermented at 20°C the number of lactic-acid bacteria (LAB) was significantly lower (P<0·05) and the number of yeast significantly higher (P<0·05) than in fermented milk. Since the DGGE profiles were similar for both products, at this temperature the microbiologic composition of fermented whey is similar to that of fermented milk. We therefore suggest a temperature of 20°C to preserve kefir grains as whey-fermentation starters.
The Log-Linear Return Approximation, Bubbles, and Predictability
Authors: Engsted Tom , Pedersen Thomas Q. , Tanggaard Carsten 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe study in detail the log-linear return approximation introduced by Campbell and Shiller (1988a). First, we derive an upper bound for the mean approximation error, given stationarity of the log dividend-price ratio. Next, we simulate various rational bubbles that have explosive conditional expectation, and we investigate the magnitude of the approximation error in those cases. We find that, surprisingly, the Campbell-Shiller approximation is very accurate even in the presence of large explosive bubbles. Only in very large samples do we find evidence that bubbles generate large approximation errors. Finally, we show that a bubble model in which expected returns are constant can explain the predictability of stock returns from the dividend-price ratio that many previous studies have documented.
An analytical study on the existence of solitary structure at M = Mc
Authors: DAS ANIMESH , BANDYOPADHYAY ANUP , DAS K. P. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA general theory for the existence of solitary structure at M = Mc has been discussed, where Mc is the lower bound of the Mach number M, i.e., solitary structures start to exist for M > Mc. Three important results have been proved to confirm the existence of solitary structure at M = Mc. If V(φ)(≡ V(M,φ)) denotes the Sagdeev potential with φ being the perturbed field or perturbed dependent variable associated with a specific problem, V(M, φ) is well defined as a real number for all M ∈ ℳ and φ ∈ Φ0, and V(M, 0) = V′(M, 0) = V″(Mc, 0) = 0, V‴(Mc, 0) < 0 (V‴(Mc, 0) > 0), ∂ V/∂ M < 0 for all M (∈ ℳ) > 0 and φ (∈ Φ0) > 0 (φ (∈ Φ0) < 0), where ‘′ ≡ ∂/∂φ’, the main analytical results for the existence of solitary wave or double layer solution of the energy integral at M = Mc are as follows. Result 1: If there exists at least one value M0 of M such that the system supports positive (negative) potential solitary waves for all Mc < M < M0, then there exists either a positive (negative) potential solitary wave or a positive (negative) potential double layer at M = Mc. Result 2: If the system supports only negative (positive) potential solitary waves for M > Mc, then there does not exist positive (negative) potential solitary wave at M = Mc. Result 3: It is not possible to have coexistence of both positive and negative potential solitary structures at M = Mc. Apart from the conditions of Result 1, the double layer solution at M = Mc is possible only when there exists a double layer solution in any right neighborhood of Mc. Finally, these analytical results have been applied to a specific problem on dust acoustic (DA) waves in non-thermal plasma in search of new results.
The real presence
Authors: BABER H. E. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe doctrine that Christ is really present in the Eucharist appears to entail that Christ's body is not only multiply located but present in different ways at different locations. Moreover, the doctrine poses an even more difficult meta-question: what makes a theological explanation of the Eucharist a ‘real presence’ account? Aquinas's defence of transubstantiation, perhaps the paradigmatic account, invokes Aristotelian metaphysics and the machinery of Scholastic philosophy. My aim is not to produce a ‘rational reconstruction’ of his analysis but rather to suggest a metaphysically innocent alternative that will ‘save the phenomena’ of religious belief and practice.
A conceptualist argument for a spiritual substantial soul
Authors: MORELAND J. P. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractI advance a type of conceptualist argument for substance dualism – minimally, the view that we are spiritual substances that have bodies – based on the understandability of what it would be for something to be a spirit, e.g. what it would be for God to be a spirit. After presenting the argument formally, I clarify and defend its various premises with a special focus on what I take to be the most controversial one, namely, if thinking (i.e. conscious) matter is metaphysically possible, it is not the case that we have a distinct positive concept of God's being a divine spirit.
Lower and upper bounds for the Lyapunov exponents of twisting dynamics: a relationship between the exponents and the angle of Oseledets’ splitting
Authors: ARNAUD M.-C. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe consider locally minimizing measures for conservative twist maps of the $d$-dimensional annulus and for Tonelli Hamiltonian flows defined on a cotangent bundle $T^*M$. For weakly hyperbolic measures of such type (i.e. measures with no zero Lyapunov exponents), we prove that the mean distance/angle between the stable and unstable Oseledets bundles gives an upper bound on the sum of the positive Lyapunov exponents and a lower bound on the smallest positive Lyapunov exponent. We also prove some more precise results.
Nonadditive measure-theoretic pressure and applications to dimensions of an ergodic measure
Authors: CAO YONGLUO , HU HUYI , ZHAO YUN 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWithout any additional conditions on subadditive potentials, this paper defines subadditive measure-theoretic pressure, and shows that the subadditive measure-theoretic pressure for ergodic measures can be described in terms of measure-theoretic entropy and a constant associated with the ergodic measure. Based on the definition of topological pressure on non-compact sets, we give another equivalent definition of subadditive measure-theoretic pressure, and obtain an inverse variational principle. This paper also studies the superadditive measure-theoretic pressure which has similar formalism to the subadditive measure-theoretic pressure. As an application of the main results, we prove that an average conformal repeller admits an ergodic measure of maximal Hausdorff dimension. Furthermore, for each ergodic measure supported on an average conformal repeller, we construct a set whose dimension is equal to the dimension of the measure.
Outdoor adventure and successful ageing
Authors: BOYES MIKE 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTThis article explores how outdoor adventure activities in a New Zealand community-based programme are experienced and understood as successful ageing strategies. Outdoor adventures are seen as positive leisure experiences that include challenging physical activity, social engagement and the natural environment. Using a sequential exploratory mixed-methods design, a combination of seven interviews and a survey (N=80) were conducted with a Third Age adventures group. The research outcomes confirmed the attraction of adventure for this cohort. Risk engagement and uncertainty were perceived as less important in favour of emotional, social and environmental engagement through fun, excitement and pleasure. The natural environment was considered integral and defining of the experience with the participants demonstrating a strong environmental ethos. Opportunities for building social capital were plentiful and well illustrated. The benefits of engagement for health, wellbeing and successful ageing are identified through the physical, social and psychological domains. The research supports adventure participation as a successful ageing strategy that is relatively low cost, community based, has many preventative health benefits, builds communities and embraces the environment.
Cyclotron resonance effects on electron acceleration by two lasers of different wavelengths
Authors: Gupta D.N. , Singh K.P. , Suk H. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractCyclotron resonance effects on electron acceleration by two lasers of different wavelengths in the presence of a magnetic field have been investigated. Beating of two high-intensity lasers of different wavelengths, propagating in opposite direction to each other, can produce a high accelerating field gradient. An electron can be accelerated by such accelerating field to a sufficiently higher energy level. Additional energy gain has been observed due to the applied magnetic field. The magnetic field turns down the electrons to the acceleration region to extract more energy from the accelerating field produced by the beating of the lasers. At resonance, when the Larmor frequency is comparable to the laser frequency, this effect becomes more pronounced. Using some reasonable experimental parameters, we estimate the electron energy gain for this mechanism.
Betatron radiation damping in laser plasma acceleration
Authors: Deng Aihua , Nakajima Kazuhisa , Zhang Xiaomei , Lu Haiyang , Shen Baifei , Liu Jiansheng , Li Ruxin , Xu Zhizhan 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe explore the feasibility of accelerating electron beams up to energies much beyond 1 TeV in a realistic scale and evolution of the beam qualities such as emittance and energy spread at the final beam energy on the order of 100 TeV, using the newly formulated coupled equations describing the beam dynamics and radiative damping of electrons. As an example, we present a design for a 100 TeV laser-plasma accelerator in the operating plasma density np = 1015 cm−3 and numerical solutions for evolution of the normalized emittance as well as their analytical solutions. We show that the betatron radiative damping causes very small normalized emittance that promises future applications for the high-energy frontier physics.
A novel line of sight control system for a robot vision tracking system, using vision feedback and motion-disturbance feedforward compensation
Authors: Park Jaehong , Hwang Wonsang , Kwon Hyunil , Kim Kwangsoo , Cho Dong-il “Dan” 
Published: April 2012

SUMMARYThis paper presents a novel line of sight control system for a robot vision tracking system, which uses a position feedforward controller to preposition a camera, and a vision feedback controller to compensate for the positioning error. Continuous target tracking is an important function for service robots, surveillance robots, and cooperating robot systems. However, it is difficult to track a specific target using only vision information, while a robot is in motion. This is especially true when a robot is moving fast or rotating fast. The proposed system controls the camera line of sight, using a feedforward controller based on estimated robot position and motion information. Specifically, the camera is rotated in the direction opposite to the motion of the robot. To implement the system, a disturbance compensator is developed to determine the current position of the robot, even when the robot wheels slip. The disturbance compensator is comprised of two extended Kalman filters (EKFs) and a slip detector. The inputs of the disturbance compensator are data from an accelerometer, a gyroscope, and two wheel-encoders. The vision feedback information, which is the targeting error, is used as the measurement update for the two EKFs. Using output of the disturbance compensator, an actuation module pans the camera to locate a target at the center of an image plane. This line of sight control methodology improves the recognition performance of the vision tracking system, by keeping a target image at the center of an image frame. The proposed system is implemented on a two-wheeled robot. Experiments are performed for various robot motion scenarios in dynamic situations to evaluate the tracking and recognition performance. Experimental results showed the proposed system achieves high tracking and recognition performances with a small targeting error.
High morbidity and mortality associated with an outbreak of influenza A(H3N2) in a psycho-geriatric facility
Authors: SAYERS G. , IGOE D. , CARR M. , COSGRAVE M. , DUFFY M. , CROWLEY B. , O'HERLIHY B. 
Published: April 2012

SUMMARYIn spring 2008, an influenza A subtype H3N2 outbreak occurred in a long stay psycho-geriatric ward and two wards in the intellectual disability services (IDS), part of a large psychiatric hospital. The attack rate in the index ward was 90% (18/20) for patients and 35% (7/20) for staff. It was 14% (1/7) and 17% (2/12) in the affected IDS wards for patients and 0% (0/20) and 4% (1/25) for staff. Many of the laboratory-confirmed cases did not have a fever >38 °C, a typical sign of influenza. Control measures included oseltamivir treatment for cases and prophylaxis for contacts, standard and droplet infection control precautions, active surveillance for early detection and isolation of potential cases. As a result, the outbreak did not spread throughout the hospital. Although the staff vaccination rate (10%) prior to the outbreak was low, we observed a much lower vaccine effectiveness rate in the patients (11%) than in the staff (100%) in the index ward. Vaccination of residents and staff of such facilities remains the key influenza prevention strategy.
Problems defining resiliency: Illustrations from the study of maltreated children
Authors: Kaufman Joan , Cook Alexandra , Arny Libby , Jones Brenda , Pittinsky Todd 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn this article, operational definitions of resiliency used in previous studies are reviewed. Data from a sample of 56 maltreated school-age children are then explored to highlight how variations in the source, type, and number of assessments obtained affect the rates of children classified as resilient. Assessments were obtained in three domains: academic achievement, social competence, and clinical symptomatology. Two sources of information were used to assess each domain, and three different data integration procedures were used to calculate rates of resiliency in the maltreated cohort. It is concluded that the most appropriate definition of resiliency to be used in future investigations depends on the aims of the study. If the goal of the study is to assess overall functioning, there is an advantage to using more broad, multidimensional assessments. If, in contrast, the goal of the study is to determine why some high-risk children develop particular types of problems, to identify underlying etiological processes associated with different outcomes, there is an advantage to using narrower definitions.
How can the study of physiological reactivity contribute to our understanding of adversity and resilience processes in development?
Authors: Obradović Jelena 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe focus of this article is to present current progress in understanding the interplay among adversity, physiological sensitivity to context, and adaptive functioning, with an emphasis on implications and future directions for resilience researchers. It includes a review of current literature that demonstrates (a) links between various levels of adversity exposure and variability in physiological reactivity, (b) how the interplay between children's physiological reactivity and different sources of risk and adversity relates to variability in adaptive functioning, and (c) various approaches for capturing a more dynamic nature of physiological reactivity and related processes. Throughout, important conceptual and empirical issues are highlighted.
Distinguishing differential susceptibility from diathesis–stress: Recommendations for evaluating interaction effects
Authors: Roisman Glenn I. , Newman Daniel A. , Fraley R. Chris , Haltigan John D. , Groh Ashley M. , Haydon Katherine C. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis report describes the state of the art in distinguishing data generated by differential susceptibility from diathesis–stress models. We discuss several limitations of existing practices for probing interaction effects and offer solutions that are designed to better differentiate differential susceptibility from diathesis–stress models and quantify their corresponding implications. In addition, we demonstrate the utility of these methods by revisiting published evidence suggesting that temperamental difficulty serves as a marker of enhanced susceptibility to early maternal caregiving across a range of outcome domains in the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. We find that, with the exception of mother reports of psychopathology, there is consistent evidence in the Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development that the predictive significance of early sensitivity is moderated by difficult temperament over time. However, differential susceptibility effects emerged primarily for teacher reports of academic skills, social competence, and symptomatology. In contrast, effects more consistent with the diathesis–stress model were obtained for mother reports of social skills and objective tests of academic skills. We conclude by discussing the value of the application of this work to the next wave of Gene × Environment studies focused on early caregiving experiences.
Gene × Environment interaction and resilience: Effects of child maltreatment and serotonin, corticotropin releasing hormone, dopamine, and oxytocin genes
Authors: Cicchetti Dante , Rogosch Fred A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn this investigation, gene–environment interaction effects in predicting resilience in adaptive functioning among maltreated and nonmaltreated low-income children (N= 595) were examined. A multicomponent index of resilient functioning was derived and levels of resilient functioning were identified. Variants in four genes (serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region, corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1, dopamine receptor D4–521C/T, and oxytocin receptor) were investigated. In a series of analyses of covariance, child maltreatment demonstrated a strong negative main effect on children's resilient functioning, whereas no main effects for any of the genotypes of the respective genes were found. However, gene–environment interactions involving genotypes of each of the respective genes and maltreatment status were obtained. For each respective gene, among children with a specific genotype, the relative advantage in resilient functioning of nonmaltreated compared to maltreated children was stronger than was the case for nonmaltreated and maltreated children with other genotypes of the respective gene. Across the four genes, a composite of the genotypes that more strongly differentiated resilient functioning between nonmaltreated and maltreated children provided further evidence of genetic variations influencing resilient functioning in nonmaltreated children, whereas genetic variation had a negligible effect on promoting resilience among maltreated children. Additional effects were observed for children based on the number of subtypes of maltreatment children experienced, as well as for abuse and neglect subgroups. Finally, maltreated and nonmaltreated children with high levels of resilience differed in their average number of differentiating genotypes. These results suggest that differential resilient outcomes are based on the interaction between genes and developmental experiences.