bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical study of the relationship between inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal neoplasms
Authors: ZHAO Yu Jie , YUAN Yao Zong 
Published: April 2009

OBJECTIVE:   To investigate the incidence of colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients and its risk factors.METHODS:   Data on 513 patients in the last 10 years from Ruijin Hospital were collected. Their medical histories were put in database and analyzed including their socio‐demographic features, pathogenetic conditions, diagnostic methods, possible related risk factors, treatment and outcome.RESULTS:   Among the 513 were 242 with ulcerative colitis (UC), among whom four patients developed cancers and four had precancerous lesions. None of the 271 CD patients developed cancer. The incidence of both cancer and precancerosis in the UC patients was 1.65%. Through multifactorial logistic regression analysis, loss of weight, other disease complications and frequent relapses were proved to be the most probable risk factors.CONCLUSION:   The incidence of IBD has kept on rising in recent years. Clinically, UC patients have more probability of developing colorectal cancer than CD patients. The main risk factors of developing colorectal cancer in UC patients are frequent relapses, weight loss and other complications.
Hepatitis B virus DNA in patients with hepatitis B‐related liver cirrhosis with or without hepatocellular carcinomas: a matched case‐control study
Authors: XU Jing , LIN Yong , WANG Yi Ping , CHEN Yue Xiang , SHI Bin , LU Jian , XIE Wei Fen 
Published: April 2009

OBJECTIVE:  The relationship between serum viremia and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related cirrhosis remains unclear. We aimed at calculating odds ratios (OR) for the presence of HCC over a range of HBV DNA levels in these patients.METHODS:  Patients were identified retrospectively and 155 pairs of matched, treatment‐naive HBV‐related cirrhotic patients with and without HCC were recruited. Their serum HBV DNA levels were measured at HCC diagnosis, or at the equivalent age in non‐HCC patients, and correlations between the presence of HCC and different DNA levels were calculated using conditional logistic regression.RESULTS:  The median HBV DNA level was significantly higher in HCC patients than in non‐HCC patients (5.15 vs 4.83 log10 copies/mL, P = 0.024). The overall OR for HCC in patients with HBV DNA ≥ 3 log10 copies/mL was 2.13, compared with patients with levels <3 log10 copies/mL. Compared with patients with <3 log10 copies/mL, the OR for HCC were 2.39 and 2.61 for patients with 4 to <5 and 5 to <6 log10 copies/mL, respectively, while the OR for DNA levels of ≥6 log10 copies/mL were not significantly different.CONCLUSION:  In HBV‐related cirrhosis, a detectable serum HBV DNA was associated with the presence of HCC, but the likelihood of having HCC did not successively increase with increasing serum HBV DNA levels: patients with serum HBV DNA levels between 4 and <6 log10 copies/mL were most likely to present with HCC.
The associated markers and their limitations for the primary screening of HCV carriers in public health examination
Authors: Miyazaki Teruo , Honda Akira , Ikegami Tadashi , Hara Takashi , Saitoh Yoshifumi , Hirayama Takeshi , Doy Mikio , Matsuzaki Yasushi 
Published: April 2009

Aim:  Although the anti‐hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody test has been recommended to the whole Japanese population, most countries have not implemented it. The present study aims to re‐evaluate the usefulness of markers examined in the general health examination for the initial screening of HCV carriers.Methods:  Of the overall population, 25 142 individuals (8876 males, 16 266 females) participated in health examinations with HCV tests in 2005, and the most commonly associated markers for HCV‐positive subjects were explored by multivariate analysis, based on blood biochemical, physical, sphygmomanometric and hematological parameters. Thereafter, the efficiencies of the markers were estimated from a total population of 85 013 individuals (29 502 males, 55 511 females) in 2003–2005.Results:  The most significantly associated markers for HCV positivity were aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Optimal limits of ALT and AST by receiver–operator characteristic (ROC) analysis were 24 and 27 IU (male, 33 and 28 IU; female, 22 and 26 IU), respectively. However, one‐quarter of HCV carriers were not found to be positive using the optimal limits of aminotransferases.Conclusion:  The present study confirmed the limitation of serum aminotransferase levels as markers of HCV for primary screening. Therefore, at present, an anti‐HCV antibody test is required for the efficient screening of HCV carriers in all health examinations.
Blood Lactate Concentrations in Anesthetized Dogs with Intracranial Disease
Authors: Sullivan L. A. , Campbell V. L. , Klopp L. S. , Rao S. 
Published: April 2009

Background: The importance of blood lactate concentrations in dogs with intracranial disease has not been established, despite frequently observed hyperlactatemia in dogs undergoing general anesthesia for advanced imaging, surgery, or both.Hypothesis: Blood lactate concentrations are elevated in anesthetized dogs with intracranial disease, compared with dogs with intervertebral disc disease (IVDD).Animals: Eighty‐five hospitalized dogs undergoing advanced imaging, surgery, or both for primary neurologic disease; 30 with intracranial disease; 55 with IVDD.Methods: Retrospective study. Age, breed, neurologic diagnosis, time from anesthesia induction to measurement of blood lactate, blood lactate concentration under anesthesia, and concurrently measured heart rate, mean arterial pressure, PCV, arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation, and arterial partial pressure of oxygen were included in a multivariable linear regression analysis.Results: Dogs with meningioma (adjusted mean lactate 2.99 mmol/L, 95% CL 2.21–4.05, P < 0.0001) and hydrocephalus (adjusted mean lactate 1.5 mmol/L, 95% CL 0.99–2.27, P= 0.003) had higher blood lactate concentrations compared with dogs with IVDD (adjusted mean lactate 0.79 mmol/L, 95% CL 0.6–1.04). Only dogs with meningioma had clinically important hyperlactatemia (>2.5 mmol/L).Conclusions: Prospective studies are warranted to determine the degree and clinical importance of high blood lactate concentrations in dogs with intracranial disease.
Risk Factors for Equine Postoperative Ileus and Effectiveness of Prophylactic Lidocaine
Authors: Torfs S. , Delesalle C. , Dewulf J. , Devisscher L. , Deprez P. 
Published: April 2009

Background:Postoperative ileus (POI) is a frequent and often fatal complication of colic surgery. Reliably effective treatments are not available.Objectives:To determine risk factors and protective factors associated with POI, and to assess the effect of lidocaine IV on short‐term survival.Animals:One hundred and twenty‐six horses that underwent small intestinal colic surgery and that survived for at least 24 hours postoperatively.Methods:Retrospective cross‐sectional study. The association of 31 pre‐, intra‐, and postoperative variables with POI and the association of lidocaine treatment with short‐term survival were investigated. Associations were evaluated with univariable logistic regression models, followed by multivariable analysis.Results:Significant associations of high heart rate (odds ratio [OR] = 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–1.08), the presence of more than 8 L of reflux at admission (OR = 3.02, 95% CI 1.13–8.02) and the performance of a small intestinal resection (OR = 2.46, 95% CI 1.15–5.27) with an increased probability of POI were demonstrated. Prophylactic lidocaine treatment was significantly associated with a reduced incidence of POI (OR = 0.25, 95% CI 0.11–0.56). Lidocaine treatment was also significantly associated with enhanced short‐term survival (OR = 0.30, 95% CI 0.09–0.98).Conclusions and Clinical Importance:The variables associated with an increased risk of POI can be useful in identifying horses at risk of POI and in providing a more accurate prognosis. The results are supportive for lidocaine IV as an effective prokinetic treatment after small intestinal colic surgery.
Molecular Characteristics of Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing
Escherichia coli
Isolates Causing Bacteremia in the Calgary Health Region from 2000 to 2007: Emergence of Clone ST131 as a Cause of Community-Acquired Infections
Authors: Pitout Johann D. D. , Gregson Daniel B. , Campbell Lorraine , Laupland Kevin B. 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACT

A study was designed to characterize extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing
Escherichia coli
isolates causing bacteremia over an 8-year period (2000 to 2007) in a large well-defined geographical region. Molecular characterization was done by using isoelectric focusing; PCR; and sequencing of the
bla
CTX-M
-,
bla
TEM
-,
bla
OXA
-,
bla
SHV
-, and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants. Genetic relatedness was determined by pulsed-field electrophoresis with XbaI and multilocus sequence typing. A total of 67 patients with incident bloodstream infections were identified, and the majority presented with community-acquired infections involving the urinary and biliary tracts. Of the 67 ESBL-producing
E. coli
isolates recovered, 60 (90%) were positive for
bla
CTX-M
genes; 32 (48%) produced CTX-M-15, 25 (37%) produced CTX-M-14, 1 (2%) produced CTX-M-24, 1 (2%) produced CTX-M-2, and 1 (2%) produced CTX-M-3, while 2 (3%) produced TEM-52 and 5 (7%) produced SHV-2. Twenty-four (36%) isolates were positive for
aac(6′)-Ib-cr.
The majority of isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin (60 [90%] isolates) and gentamicin (40 [60%] isolates). The occurrence of ESBL-producing isolates was stable during the first 5 years, but there was a substantial increase from 2005 to 2007, mostly due to clone ST131, which produces CTX-M-15 and CTX-M-14, in blood cultures submitted from the community. Our results illustrated that
E. coli
clone ST131, which coproduces CTX-M-15, OXA-1, TEM-1, and
aac(6′)-Ib-cr
, has emerged as an important cause of community-onset bacteremia caused by ESBL-producing
E. coli
isolates; and this is the first study to identify CTX-M-14 in
E. coli
clone ST131.
Hypersusceptibility to Azole Antifungals in a Clinical Isolate of
Candida glabrata
with Reduced Aerobic Growth
Authors: Vandeputte Patrick , Tronchin Guy , Rocher Françoise , Renier Gilles , Bergès Thierry , Chabasse Dominique , Bouchara Jean-Philippe 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACT

Petite mutations have been described in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
and pathogenic yeasts. However, previous studies of the phenotypic traits of these petite mutants reported that they express azole resistance. We describe a clinical isolate of
Candida glabrata
with a striking association between increased susceptibility to azoles and respiratory deficiency. This isolate was obtained from a urine sample together with a respiration-competent
C. glabrata
isolate which exhibited azole resistance. The respiratory status of the two isolates was confirmed by cultivation on glycerol-containing agar and oxygraphy. Flow cytometry revealed the normal incorporation of rhodamine 123, and mitochondrial sections with typical cristae were seen by transmission electron microscopy for both isolates. Together, these results suggested a nuclear origin for the reduced respiratory capacity of the hypersusceptible isolate. The sterol contents of these isolates were similar to the sterol content of a reference strain. Sequencing of the
ERG11
and
PDR1
genes revealed that the sequences were identical in the two isolates, demonstrating their close relatedness. In addition to silent mutations, they carried a nonsense mutation in
PDR1
that led to the truncation of transcription factor Pdr1p. They also overexpressed both
PDR1
and one of its targets,
CDR1
, providing a possible explanation for the azole resistance of the respiration-competent isolate. In conclusion, in addition to azole resistance, which is a common feature of
C. glabrata
mitochondrial petite mutants, the mutation of a nuclear gene affecting aerobic growth may lead to azole hypersusceptibility; however, the mechanisms underlying this phenotype remain to be determined.
Sitafloxacin Activity against
Helicobacter pylori
Isolates, Including Those with
gyrA
Mutations
Authors: Murakami Kazunari , Okimoto Tadayoshi , Kodama Masaaki , Tanahashi Jin , Fujioka Toshio , Ikeda Fumiaki , Muraoka Hiroe , Takigawa Motoko , Saika Takeshi , Hasegawa Miyuki , Kobayashi Intetsu 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACT

Sitafloxacin showed MICs of less than or equal to 0.5 μg/ml against 105 isolates of
Helicobacter pylori
, including 44 isolates with mutations in the
gyrA
gene. The highest MICs for garenoxacin and levofloxacin were 8 and 64 times, respectively, higher than the highest MICs observed for sitafloxacin.
Phase 1/2 Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Dose Escalation, Safety, and Pharmacokinetic Study of Pagibaximab (BSYX-A110), an Antistaphylococcal Monoclonal Antibody for the Prevention of Staphylococcal Bloodstream Infections, in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Neonates
Authors: Weisman Leonard E. , Thackray Helen M. , Garcia-Prats Joseph A. , Nesin Mirjana , Schneider Joseph H. , Fretz Jennifer , Kokai-Kun John F. , Mond James J. , Kramer William G. , Fischer Gerald W. 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACT
Staphylococcal sepsis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants. A human chimeric monoclonal antibody, pagibaximab, was developed against staphylococcal lipoteichoic acid. We evaluated the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of pagibaximab in VLBW neonates. A phase 1/2, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose escalation study was conducted in VLBW infants (700 to 1,300 g) 3 to 7 days old. Patients received two doses 14 days apart of intravenous pagibaximab (10, 30, 60, or 90 mg/kg of body weight) or placebo in a 2:1 ratio. Blood and urine samples were obtained pre- and postinfusion for analysis of safety and pharmacokinetics, and data on adverse events were gathered. Staphylococcal organisms causing sepsis were collected and evaluated. Fifty-three patients received at least one dose of pagibaximab or placebo. The average gestational age was 27.6 weeks; the average birth weight was 1,003 g. All serious adverse events were deemed unrelated or probably not drug related. Morbidity and mortality were similar across treatment groups. No evidence of immunogenicity of pagibaximab was detected. Pagibaximab pharmacokinetics was linear. The mean clearance (CL), volume of distribution, and elimination half-life of pagibaximab were independent of dose. The serum half-life was 20.5 ± 6.8 days. Pagibaximab enhanced serum opsonophagocytic activity. All staphylococci causing sepsis were opsonizable by pagibaximab. Two infusions of pagibaximab, administered 2 weeks apart to high-risk neonates appeared safe and tolerable, and pharmacokinetics were linear. Evaluation of more frequent doses, at the highest doses tested, in neonates at high-risk of staphylococcal sepsis, is warranted.
Comparison of the Pharmacodynamics of Biapenem in Bronchial Epithelial Lining Fluid in Healthy Volunteers Given Half-Hour and Three-Hour Intravenous Infusions
Authors: Kikuchi Eiki , Kikuchi Junko , Nasuhara Yasuyuki , Oizumi Satoshi , Ishizaka Akitoshi , Nishimura Masaharu 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACT

The time above the MIC (
T
>MIC) is the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) parameter that correlates with the therapeutic efficacy of beta-lactam antibiotics. A prolonged infusion can provide plasma drug concentrations that remain above the MIC for a long period. The objective of this study was to compare the PK/PD parameters in bronchial epithelial lining fluid (ELF) of biapenem given as 0.5-h and 3-h infusions by using bronchoscopic microsampling (BMS). Six healthy adult volunteers received 0.5-h and 3-h infusions of 0.3 g of biapenem with a washout interval. BMS was performed repeatedly from 0.5 to 24 h after biapenem administration in order to determine the pharmacokinetics in bronchial ELF. The subjects received intravenous biapenem with the same regimens again and then underwent bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) at the end of infusion in order to determine the concentration of the drug in alveolar ELF. The percentages (means ± standard deviations) of
T
>MIC in bronchial ELF at MICs from 0.25 to 4 μg/ml ranged from zero to 34.6% ± 5.2% after the 0.5-h infusion and from 5.1% ± 5.6% to 52.2% ± 17.0% after the 3-h infusion. The percentage of
T
>MIC in bronchial ELF after the 3-h infusion tended to be higher than that after the 0.5-h infusion. The concentrations of the drug in alveolar ELF after 0.5-h and 3-h infusions were 3.5 ± 1.2 μg/ml and 1.3 ± 0.3 μg/ml, respectively. The present results support the use of prolonged infusions of beta-lactam antibiotics and may provide critical information for successful treatment of lower respiratory tract infections based on PK/PD parameters in bronchial ELF.
The K5 Capsule of
Escherichia coli
Strain Nissle 1917 Is Important in Mediating Interactions with Intestinal Epithelial Cells and Chemokine Induction
Authors: Hafez Mohamed , Hayes Kelly , Goldrick Marie , Warhurst Geoff , Grencis Richard , Roberts Ian S. 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACT

Escherichia coli
strain Nissle 1917 has been widely used as a probiotic for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disorders and shown to have immunomodulatory effects. Nissle 1917 expresses a K5 capsule, the expression of which often is associated with extraintestinal and urinary tract isolates of
E. coli
. In this paper, we investigate the role of the K5 capsule in mediating interactions between Nissle 1917 and intestinal epithelial cells. We show that the loss of capsule significantly reduced the level of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), RANTES, macrophage inflammatory protein 2α (MIP-2α), MIP-2β, interleukin-8, and gamma interferon-inducible protein 10 induction by Nissle 1917 in both Caco-2 cells and MCP-1 induction in ex vivo mouse small intestine. The complementation of the capsule-minus mutation confirmed that the effects on chemokine induction were capsule specific. The addition of purified K5, but not K1, capsular polysaccharide to the capsule-minus Nissle 1917 at least in part restored chemokine induction to wild-type levels. The purified K5 capsular polysaccharide alone was unable to stimulate chemokine production, indicating that the K5 polysaccharide was acting to mediate interactions between Nissle 1917 and intestinal epithelial cells. The induction of chemokine by Nissle 1917 was generated predominantly by interaction with the basolateral surface of Caco-2 cells, suggesting that Nissle 1917 will be most effective in inducing chemokine expression where the epithelial barrier is disrupted.
Glucose and Glycolysis Are Required for the Successful Infection of Macrophages and Mice by
Salmonella enterica
Serovar Typhimurium
Authors: Bowden Steven D. , Rowley Gary , Hinton Jay C. D. , Thompson Arthur 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACT

Salmonella
is a widespread zoonotic enteropathogen that causes gastroenteritis and fatal typhoidal disease in mammals. During systemic infection of mice,
Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium resides and replicates in macrophages within the “
Salmonella
-containing vacuole” (SCV). It is surprising that the substrates and metabolic pathways necessary for growth of
S
. Typhimurium within the SCV of macrophages have not been identified yet. To determine whether
S
. Typhimurium utilized sugars within the SCV, we constructed a series of
S
. Typhimurium mutants that lacked genes involved in sugar transport and catabolism and tested them for replication in mice and macrophages. These mutants included a mutant with a mutation in the
pfkAB
-encoded phosphofructokinase, which catalyzes a key committing step in glycolysis. We discovered that a
pfkAB
mutant is severely attenuated for replication and survival within RAW 264.7 macrophages. We also show that disruption of the phosphoenolpyruvate:carbohydrate phosphotransferase system by deletion of the
ptsHI
and
crr
genes reduces
S
. Typhimurium replication within RAW 264.7 macrophages. We discovered that mutants unable to catabolize glucose due to deletion of
ptsHI
,
crr
, and
glk
or deletion of
ptsG
,
manXYZ
, and
glk
showed reduced replication within RAW 264.7 macrophages. This study proves that
S
. Typhimurium requires glycolysis for infection of mice and macrophages and that transport of glucose is required for replication within macrophages.
Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Is a Surface-Associated, Fibronectin-Binding Protein of
Trichomonas vaginalis
Authors: Lama A. , Kucknoor A. , Mundodi V. , Alderete J. F. 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACT

Trichomonas vaginalis
colonizes the urogenital tract of humans and causes trichomonosis, the most prevalent nonviral sexually transmitted disease. We have shown an association of
T. vaginalis
with basement membrane extracellular matrix components, a property which we hypothesize is important for colonization and persistence. In this study, we identify a fibronectin (FN)-binding protein of
T. vaginalis
. A monoclonal antibody (MAb) from a library of hybridomas that inhibited the binding of
T. vaginalis
organisms to immobilized FN was identified. The MAb (called ws1) recognized a 39-kDa protein and was used to screen a cDNA expression library of
T. vaginalis
. A 1,086-bp reactive cDNA clone that encoded a protein of 362 amino acids with identity to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was obtained. The
gapdh
gene was cloned, and recombinant GAPDH (rGAPDH) was expressed in
Escherichia coli
cells. Natural GAPDH and rGAPDH bound to immobilized FN and to plasminogen and collagen but not to laminin. MAb ws1 inhibited binding to FN. GAPDH was detected on the surface of trichomonads and was upregulated in synthesis and surface expression by iron. Higher levels of binding to FN were seen for organisms grown in iron-replete medium than for organisms grown in iron-depleted medium. In addition, decreased synthesis of GAPDH by antisense transfection of
T. vaginalis
gave lower levels of organisms bound to FN and had no adverse effect on growth kinetics. Finally, GAPDH did not associate with immortalized vaginal epithelial cells (VECs), and neither GAPDH nor MAb ws1 inhibited the adherence of trichomonads to VECs. These results indicate that GAPDH is a surface-associated protein of
T. vaginalis
with alternative functions.