bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preterm and Early-Term Delivery After Heat Waves in 50 US Metropolitan Areas
Authors: Darrow Lyndsey A. , Huang Mengjiao , Warren Joshua L. , Strickland Matthew J. , Holmes Heather A. , Newman Andrew J. , Chang Howard H. 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceHeat waves are increasing in frequency, intensity, and duration and may be acutely associated with pregnancy outcomes.ObjectiveTo examine changes in daily rates of preterm and early-term birth after heat waves in a 25-year nationwide study.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study of singleton births used birth records from 1993 to 2017 from the 50 most populous US metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs). The study included 53 million births, covering 52.8% of US births over the period. Data were analyzed between October 2022 and March 2023 at the National Center for Health Statistics.ExposuresDaily temperature data from Daymet at 1-km2 resolution were averaged over each MSA using population weighting. Heat waves were defined in the 4 days (lag, 0-3 days) or 7 days (lag, 0-6 days) preceding birth.Main Outcomes and MeasuresDaily counts of preterm birth (28 to &amp;lt;37 weeks), early-term birth (37 to &amp;lt;39 weeks), and ongoing pregnancies in each gestational week on each day were enumerated in each MSA. Rate ratios for heat wave metrics were obtained from time-series models restricted to the warm season (May to September) adjusting for MSA, year, day of season, and day of week, and offset by pregnancies at risk.ResultsThere were 53 154 816 eligible births in the 50 MSAs from 1993 to 2017; 2 153 609 preterm births and 5 795 313 early-term births occurring in the warm season were analyzed. A total of 30.0% of mothers were younger than 25 years, 53.8% were 25 to 34 years, and 16.3% were 35 years or older. Heat waves were positively associated with daily rates of preterm and early-term births, showing a dose-response association with heat wave duration and temperatures and stronger associations in the more acute 4-day window. After 4 consecutive days of mean temperatures exceeding the local 97.5th percentile, the rate ratio for preterm birth was 1.02 (95% CI, 1.00-1.03), and the rate ratio for early-term birth was 1.01 (95% CI, 1.01-1.02). For the same exposure, among those who were 29 years of age or younger, had a high school education or less, and belonged to a racial or ethnic minority group, the rate ratios were 1.04 (95% CI, 1.02-1.06) for preterm birth and 1.03 (95% CI, 1.02-1.05) for early-term birth. Results were robust to alternative heat wave definitions, excluding medically induced deliveries, and alternative statistical model specifications.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, preterm and early-term birth rates increased after heat waves, particularly among socioeconomically disadvantaged subgroups. Extreme heat events have implications for perinatal health.
Virtual Scribes and Physician Time Spent on Electronic Health Records
Authors: Rotenstein Lisa , Melnick Edward R. , Iannaccone Christine , Zhang Jianyi , Mugal Aqsa , Lipsitz Stuart R. , Healey Michael J. , Holland Christopher , Snyder Richard , Sinsky Christine A. , Ting David , Bates David W. 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceTime on the electronic health record (EHR) is associated with burnout among physicians. Newer virtual scribe models, which enable support from either a real-time or asynchronous scribe, have the potential to reduce the burden of the EHR and EHR-related documentation.ObjectiveTo characterize the association of use of virtual scribes with changes in physicians’ EHR time and note and order composition and to identify the physician, scribe, and scribe response factors associated with changes in EHR time upon virtual scribe use.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsRetrospective, pre-post quality improvement study of 144 physicians across specialties who had used a scribe for at least 3 months from January 2020 to September 2022, were affiliated with Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, and cared for patients in the outpatient setting. Data were analyzed from November 2022 to January 2024.ExposureUse of either a real-time or asynchronous virtual scribe.Main OutcomesTotal EHR time, time on notes, and pajama time (5:30 pm to 7:00 am on weekdays and nonscheduled weekends and holidays), all per appointment; proportion of the note written by the physician and team contribution to orders.ResultsThe main study sample included 144 unique physicians who had used a virtual scribe for at least 3 months in 152 unique scribe participation episodes (134 [88.2%] had used an asynchronous scribe service). Nearly two-thirds of the physicians (91 physicians [63.2%]) were female and more than half (86 physicians [59.7%]) were in primary care specialties. Use of a virtual scribe was associated with significant decreases in total EHR time per appointment (mean [SD] of 5.6 [16.4] minutes; P &amp;lt; .001) in the 3 months after vs the 3 months prior to scribe use. Scribe use was also associated with significant decreases in note time per appointment and pajama time per appointment (mean [SD] of 1.3 [3.3] minutes; P &amp;lt; .001 and 1.1 [4.0] minutes; P = .004). In a multivariable linear regression model, the following factors were associated with significant decreases in total EHR time per appointment with a scribe use at 3 months: practicing in a medical specialty (−7.8; 95% CI, −13.4 to −2.2 minutes), greater baseline EHR time per appointment (−0.3; 95% CI, −0.4 to −0.2 minutes per additional minute of baseline EHR time), and decrease in the percentage of the note contributed by the physician (−9.1; 95% CI, −17.3 to −0.8 minutes for every percentage point decrease).Conclusions and RelevanceIn 2 academic medical centers, use of virtual scribes was associated with significant decreases in total EHR time, time spent on notes, and pajama time, all per appointment. Virtual scribes may be particularly effective among medical specialists and those physicians with greater baseline EHR time.
Elevating Charge Transport Layer for Stable Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Yi Chang , Wang Airu , Cao Chensi , Kuang Zhiyuan , Tao Xiangru , Wang Zekun , Zhou Fuyi , Zhang Guolin , Liu Ziping , Huang Heyong , Cao Yu , Li Renzhi , Wang Nana , Huang Wei , Wang Jianpu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIon migration is a major factor affecting the long term stability of perovskite light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), which limits their commercialization potential. The accumulation of excess halide ions at the grain boundaries of perovskite films is a primary cause of ion migration in these devices. Here, it is demonstrated that the channels of ion migrations can be effectively impeded by elevating the hole transport layer between the perovskite grain boundaries, resulting in highly stable perovskite LEDs. The unique structure is achieved by reducing the wettability of the perovskites, which prevents infiltration of the upper hole‐transporting layer into the spaces of perovskite grain boundaries. Consequently, nanosized gaps are formed between the excess halide ions and the hole transport layer, effectively suppressing ion migration. With this structure, perovskite LEDs with operational half‐lifetimes of 256 and 1774 h under current densities of 100 and 20 mA cm−2 respectively are achieved. These lifetimes surpass those of organic LEDs at high brightness. It is further found that this approach can be extended to various perovskite LEDs, showing great promise for promoting perovskite LEDs toward commercial applications.
A Class of Chiral‐Bridged Biphenyl Monophosphine Ligands with Benzofuran Moiety and The Application in Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Au(I)‐Catalyzed Cycloaddition
Authors: He Xiaobo , Pan Bendu , Zhang Yaqi , Chen Bin , Jiang Long , Qiu Liqin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA class of novel chiral‐bridged biphenyl monophosphine ligands with a benzofuran moiety (He‐phos) has been successfully synthesized and reported. These ligands exhibited good performance in the gold‐catalyzed enantioselective cycloaddition reaction of 2‐(1‐alkynyl)‐2‐en‐1‐ones with nitrones, resulting in the successful preparation of a series of polyaryl‐substituted heterocyclic compounds with high enantioselectivities (up to 99% yield, 98% ee). The wide substrate adaptability (53 examples) and mild reaction conditions demonstrate the practicability of He‐phos in this reaction.
All Solid Photonic Crystal Fiber Enabled by 3D Printing Fiber Technology for Sensing of Multiple Parameters
Authors: Luo Yanhua , Chu Yushi , Wang Jiaying , Fu Xinghu , Canning John , Cao Yang , Pan Haoyu , Zhang Yongxiang , Zhang Jianzhong , Yan Binbin , Wen Jianxiang , Wang Tingyun , Sun Xiaohong , Peng Gang‐Ding 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUsing the flexibility and diversity of material and structure designs possible with 3D printing fiber technology, an all‐solid photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is fabricated using borate (B2O3) doping. The geometry, material, and optical properties of this 3D printed PCF are characterized and analyzed using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fiber index profilometry, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microscopy. Analysis demonstrates that B2O3 doped in fabricated PCF has experienced evaporation leading to mass loss during drawing. In addition, there is no observable difference between the structure of substrate silica (SiO2) and the SiO2 nanoparticles. However, microdomain differences may explain enhanced reflectance. Furthermore, a Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) sensor is constructed with this 3D printed solid PCF and applied to temperature, refractive index, tensile force, and bending sensing. The specially designed 3D printed PCF has maximum temperature sensitivity up to Δλ/ΔT ≈0.075 nm °C−1. When immersed in 76.34 wt.% glycerol‐water solution, the sensitivity can be further improved. These results demonstrate that 3D printing fiber technology enables the custom fabrication of highly sensitive optical fiber sensors, increasing opportunities for the development of diverse and flexible sensors and devices for future internet‐of‐things (IoT) applications.
A national pilot study on simulation‐based upstander training for emergency medicine clinicians
Authors: Mundo William , Vaughn Jordan , Odetunde Adetoriola , Donovan Tai , Alvarez Al'ai , Smith Kristyn , Brown Cortlyn , Brown Italo , Datta Suchismita , Vora Samreen , Ward‐Gaines Jacqueline 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study assesses the effectiveness of clinical simulation‐based training in boosting self‐perceived confidence for using upstander communication skills to confront racism, discrimination, and microaggressions (RDM).MethodsWe conducted an observational cohort study with emergency medicine professionals at the 2023 Scientific Assembly of the American Academy of Emergency Medicine in New Orleans, Louisiana. The study featured a clinical simulation‐based training on upstander communications skills session followed by small‐ and large‐group debriefs. Participants completed pre‐ and post‐training questionnaires assessing demographics and confidence in health equity competencies. This survey was used in a previous study with emergency medicine residents. Data were analyzed using an independent Student's t‐test, with a significance threshold of 0.05.ResultsThirty‐two individuals participated in the simulation‐based training, and 24 completed surveys, with a 75% response rate. Most participants were non‐Hispanic (24, 85.7%) and women (18, 64%), with racial demographics mostly White (8, 28.6%), Black or African American (8, 28.6%), and Asian (6, 21.4%). After the workshop, there was a notable increase in self‐perceived ability and confidence in identifying RDM (from 7 ± 3.2 to 8.6 ± 1.6, p < 0.003), using upstander communication tools (from 6.1 ± 3.5 to 8.5 ± 1, p < 0.0001), and the likelihood of intervening in RDM situations (from 7.1 ± 3.3 to 8.8 ± 1.1, p < 0.0002).ConclusionsThe clinical simulation‐based training significantly improved participants' confidence and self‐perceived ability to address RDM in simulated clinical environments. This training method is a promising tool for teaching health equity topics in clinical medicine.
Synthesis of Sulfenamides from Benzoazole‐2‐thiones with Primary and Secondary Amines using Triphenylbismuth Dichloride‐Mediated S−N Bond Formation Reaction
Authors: Koyanagi Arisu , Murata Yuki , Matsumura Mio , Yasuike Shuji 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA novel and efficient method for the synthesis of sulfenamides with an S−N bond, which have attracted attention as industrial reagents and biologically active substances, is described herein. The reactions of benzoazole‐2‐thiones with various primary or secondary amines in the presence of triphenylbismuth dichloride at 60 °C in DMSO under aerobic conditions afforded the corresponding sulfenamides in moderate‐to‐excellent yields. This reaction is the first example of an efficient S−N bond formation reaction utilizing a low‐toxicity pentavalent organobismuth reagent under mild reaction conditions. The reaction will likely be applied to develop bioactive compounds with medicinal value or compounds with industrial utility.
Prevalence of sacroiliac joint fusion in females and males depending on parity status
Authors: Aulds Meredith 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesPrevious research shows that sacroiliac (SI) joint fusion is age and sex dependent. Older individuals—specifically starting in the fifth or sixth decade of life—are more likely to develop SI fusion. Females have a lower frequency of SI joint fusion than males, perhaps due to pregnancy or parturition. This study examines the relationship between SI joint fusion with both sex and parity status in females. The issue is whether the prevalence of SI fusion in nulliparous females is more similar to that of males or parous females.Materials and MethodsThe sample consists of 46 nulliparous females, 119 parous females, and 158 males from the William M. Bass Donated Skeletal Collection. Ages of the individuals ranged from 50 to 89 years. Sex, age, and parity status were self‐reported.ResultsThe frequency of SI joint fusion is significantly different among males (13.29%), nulliparous females (6.52%), and parous females (0.84%). Pairwise comparison of the three groups for SI joint fusion shows that parous females and males are significantly different, but nulliparous females are nonsignificantly different from parous females and males.DiscussionParity status does not appear to be a factor in the sexually dimorphic nature of SI joint fusion in this sample. Rather, biomechanical and hormonal factors may have a greater contribution to higher rates of SI joint fusion in males than females.
Design and Evolution of an Enzyme for the Asymmetric Michael Addition of Cyclic Ketones to Nitroolefins by Enamine Catalysis
Authors: Zhu Zhixi , Hu Qinru , Fu Yi , Tong Yingjia , Zhou Zhi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractConsistent introduction of novel enzymes is required for developing efficient biocatalysts for challenging biotransformations. Absorbing catalytic modes from organocatalysis may be fruitful for designing new‐to‐nature enzymes with novel functions. Herein we report a newly designed artificial enzyme harboring a catalytic pyrrolidine residue that catalyzes the asymmetric Michael addition of cyclic ketones to nitroolefins through enamine activation with high efficiency. Diverse chiral γ‐nitro cyclic ketones with two stereocenters were efficiently prepared with excellent stereoselectivity (up to 97 % e.e., >20 : 1 d.r.) and good yield (up to 86 %). This work provides an efficient biocatalytic strategy for cyclic ketone functionalization, and highlights the usefulness of artificial enzymes for extending biocatalysis to further non‐natural reactions.
Amorphous FeSnOx Nanosheets with Hierarchical Vacancies for Room‐Temperature Sodium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Sun Wu , Hou Junyu , Zhou Yunlei , Zhu Tianke , Yuan Qunyao , Wang Shaolei , Manshaii Farid , Song Changsheng , Lei Xingyu , Wu Xiaoyan , Kim Hern , Yu Yi , Xiao Chuanxiao , Zhang Hongjun , Song Yun , Sun Dalin , Jia Binbin , Zhou Guangmin , Zhao Jie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRoom‐temperature sodium‐sulfur (RT Na−S) batteries, noted for their low material costs and high energy density, are emerging as a promising alternative to lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) in various applications including power grids and standalone renewable energy systems. These batteries are commonly assembled with glass fiber membranes, which face significant challenges like the dissolution of polysulfides, sluggish sulfur conversion kinetics, and the growth of Na dendrites. Here, we develop an amorphous two‐dimensional (2D) iron tin oxide (A‐FeSnOx) nanosheet with hierarchical vacancies, including abundant oxygen vacancies (Ovs) and nano‐sized perforations, that can be assembled into a multifunctional layer overlaying commercial separators for RT Na−S batteries. The Ovs offer strong adsorption and abundant catalytic sites for polysulfides, while the defect concentration is finely tuned to elucidate the polysulfides conversion mechanisms. The nano‐sized perforations aid in regulating Na ions transport, resulting in uniform Na deposition. Moreover, the strategic addition of trace amounts of Ti3C2 (MXene) forms an amorphous/crystalline (A/C) interface that significantly improves the mechanical properties of the separator and suppresses dendrite growth. As a result, the task‐specific layer achieves ultra‐light (~0.1 mg cm−2), ultra‐thin (~200 nm), and ultra‐robust (modulus=4.9 GPa) characteristics. Consequently, the RT Na−S battery maintained a high capacity of 610.3 mAh g−1 and an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.9 % after 400 cycles at 0.5 C.
Photoinduced Copper‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Three‐Component Radical 1,2‐Azidooxygenation of 1,3‐Dienes
Authors: Li Guo‐Qing , Li Zi‐Qing , Jiang Min , Zhang Zhihan , Qian Yu , Xiao Wen‐Jing , Chen Jia‐Rong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRadical‐involved multicomponent difunctionalization of 1,3‐dienes has recently emerged as a promising strategy for rapid synthesis of valuable allylic compounds in one‐pot operation. However, the expansion of radical scope and enantiocontrol remain two major challenges. Herein, we describe an unprecedented photoinduced copper‐catalyzed highly enantioselective three‐component radical 1,2‐azidooxygenation of 1,3‐dienes with readily available azidobenziodazolone reagent and carboxylic acids. This mild protocol exhibits a broad substrate scope, high functional group tolerance, and exceptional control over chemo‐, regio‐ and enantioselectivity, providing practical access to diverse valuable azidated chiral allylic esters. Mechanistic studies imply that the chiral copper complex is implicated as a bifunctional catalyst in both the photoredox catalyzed azidyl radical generation and enantioselective radical C−O cross‐coupling.
Lewis Acid Catalyzed Cycloaddition of Bicyclobutanes with Ynamides for the Synthesis of Polysubstituted 2‐Amino‐bicyclo[2.1.1]hexenes
Authors: Hu Qian‐Qian , Wang Liu‐Yang , Chen Xing‐Hao , Geng Ze‐Xiang , Chen Jie , Zhou Ling 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSynthesis of bicyclic scaffolds has gained significant attention in drug discovery due to their potential to mimic benzene bioisosteres. Here, we present a mild and scalable Sc(OTf)3‐catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes (BCBs) with ynamides, yielding a diverse array of polysubstituted 2‐amino‐bicyclo[2.1.1]hexenes in good to excellent yields. These products offer valuable starting materials for the construction of novel functionalized bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicate that the reaction involves a nucleophilic addition of ynamides to bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes, followed by an intramolecular cyclization of in situ generated enolate and keteniminium ion. We expect that these findings will encourage utilization of complex bioisosteres and foster further investigation into BCB‐based cycloaddition chemistry.
Vapor/Vapor‐Solid Interfacial Growth of Covalent Organic Framework Membranes on Alumina Hollow Fiber for Advanced Molecular Separation
Authors: Siow Wei Jian Samuel , Chong Jeng Yi , Ong Jia Hui , Kraft Markus , Wang Rong , Xu Rong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs), known for their chemical stability and porous crystalline structure, hold promises as advanced separation membranes. However, fabricating high‐quality COF membranes, particularly on industrial‐preferred hollow fiber substrates, remains challenging. This study introduces a novel vapor/vapor‐solid (V/V−S) method for growing ultrathin crystalline TpPa‐1 COF membranes on the inner lumen surface of alumina hollow fibers (TpPa‐1/Alumina). Through vapor‐phase monomer introduction onto polydopamine‐modified alumina at 170 °C and 1 atm, efficient polymerization and crystallization occur at the confined V−S interface. This enables one‐step growth within 8 h, producing 100 nm thick COF membranes with strong substrate adhesion. TpPa‐1/Alumina exhibits exceptional stability and performance over 80 h in continuous cross‐flow organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN), with methanol permeance of about 200 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 and dye rejection with molecular weight cutoff (MWCO) of approximately 700 Da. Moreover, the versatile V/V−S method synthesizes two additional COF membranes (TpPa2Cl/Alumina and TpHz/Alumina) with different pore sizes and chemical environments. Adjusting the COF membrane thickness between 100–500 nm is achievable easily by varying the growth cycle numbers. Notably, TpPa2Cl/Alumina demonstrates excellent OSN performance in separating the model active pharmaceutical ingredient glycyrrhizic acid (GA) from dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), highlighting the method's potential for large‐scale industrial applications.
A Simple Organo‐Electrocatalysis System for the Chlor‐Related Industry
Authors: Yang Jiarui , Zhu Chenxi , Wang Dingsheng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractConsuming a substantial quantum of energy (~165 TW h), the chlor‐alkali industry garners considerable scholarly and industrial interest, with the anode reaction involving the oxidation of chloride ions being a paramount determinant of reaction rates. While the dimensionally stable anode (DSA) displays commendable catalytic activity and longevity, they rely on precious metals and exhibit a non‐negligible side reaction in sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) production, underscoring the appeal of metal‐free alternatives. However, the molecules and systems currently available are characterized by intricate complexity and are not amenable to large‐scale production. Herein, we have successfully developed an economical and highly efficient molecular catalyst, demonstrating superior performance compared with the former organic molecules in the chloride ion oxidation process (COP) for the production of both chlorine gas (Cl2) and NaClO. The molecule of 2N only needs 92 mV to reach a current density of 1000 mA cm−2, with a small cost of only 0.002 $ g−1. Furthermore, we propose a novel mechanism underpinned by non‐covalent interactions, serving as the foundation for an innovative approach to the design of efficient anodes for the COP.