bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Pathological Aspects of an Outbreak of Equine Leukoencephalomalacia in Spain
Authors: Cerrillo G. Naranjo , Rodríguez F. Soler , Gordo L. Gómez , Salcedo M. Hermoso de Mendoza , Cordero V. Roncero 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIn 1988 an outbreak of leukoencephalomalacia was diagnosed in equids that had eaten corn with a pinkish fungal growth. The fungus was then identified as Fusarium moniliforme.The main symptoms observed appeared acutely and were overexcitement, blindness, incoordination, facial paralysis and death within 24 h. The main pathological changes were restricted to the central nervous system. Macroscopically they consisted of hyperemia and haemorrhages, the consistency was friable and the gyri were somewhat flattened. Microscopically, the lesions were profuse and had extensive haemorrhages, and numerous neurons appeared in different stages of degeneration and necrosis, with satellitosis and neuronophagia. Perivascular cuffs formed by macrophages, plasma cells and lymphocytes were also observed. These lesions were present in both brain and cerebellum, with a marked oedema and massive necrosis of the Purkinje cell layer of the latter.
Sprayed Medicated Feed with Sulfadimidine for Piglets
Authors: Wanner M. , Küng K. , Riond J.‐L. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe bioavailability of two different forms of medicated feed containing 2000 mg sulfadimidine (SDM) per kg was determined in three groups of eight piglets. In the first group, pharmacokinetic parameters of SDM were determined after a single intravenous dose of 10 mg/kg body weight and after single oral doses of 45 mg/kg body weight ingested either as an oleus solution sprayed directly onto the feed pellets ready for use (SPR) or as a commercially available premix incorporated into the feed before pelletising (PMX). After the single intravenous administration, the mean ± SD of the volume of distribution was 0.34 ± 0.05 1/kg, the total body clearance 0.37 ± 0.07 ml/minkg, the mean residence time 15.5 ± 2.5 h, and the elimination half‐life 11.1 ± 2.0 h. Although no statistical significance existed, a single meal with PMX was associated with slightly higher mean values for the maximum serum concentration (Cmax), the time to reach Cmax, and the bioavailability (52.98 ± 6.60 μg/ml, 6.8 ± 1.1 h, 59.7 ± 12.1%, respectively, vs. 40.04 ± 13.19 μg/ml, 6.0 ± 1.4 h, 49.0 ± 18.6% for SPR). The remaining two groups of piglets received medicated feed with either SPR or PMX during a 3‐day period both with restrictive (twice‐daily) or ad libitum feeding according to a cross‐over design. In all four cases, potentially efficacious plasma SDM concentrations between 50 and 150 μg/ml were obtained within 24 h after initiation of the treatment. With PMX, plasma concentrations tended to be higher than with SPR with both feeding regimens. Ad libitum feeding was associated with a significantly higher food intake and hence a higher SDM intake resulting in higher plasma concentrations. Additionally, plasma concentrations were more constant over time with ad libitum feeding whereas they declined considerably between meals in restrictively fed animals. In vitro dissolution tests of the two types of medicated feed revealed that SDM was rapidly released from SPR (58% within 15 min) and that SDM release from PMX was markedly slower (3% within 15 min). Despite the relatively slow rate of in vitro dissolution, in vivo absorption of SDM was satisfactory. It is concluded that both forms of SDM medicated feed may be considered bioequivalent and potentially efficacious in piglets.
Effect of a Paramunity Inducer on Reproductive Performance of Gilts
Authors: Kyriakis S. C. , Alexopoulos C. , Giannakopoulos K. , Tsinas A. C. , Saoulidis K. , Kritas S. K. , Tsiloyiannis V. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryOptimal reproductive performance of gilts is an economically important characteristic which is influenced amongst others by the general health condition of the animal. In the present pilot study, we examined whether reproductive performance of gilts that were transported from a breeding to a commercial farm can be improved by paramunization, e.g. by enhancing the non‐specific immunological response of the animal. Three groups of gilts were submitted to various treatments as follows. The first group received no treatment and served as the control group. The gilts of the second group were injected twice with a paramunity inducer derived from a sheep parapoxvirus (Baypamun liquid, Bayer, Germany), once 2 days before the transport and a second time 2 h before departure. The gilts of the third group were treated as those of the second group, but received an additional injection 2 days after their arrival at the commercial farm. Gilts were compared up to their first farrowing with regard to the appearance of oestrus, the number of the gilts which became pregnant, and the cost of supportive medication. Their litter size at farrowing, the number of piglets born alive and the litter weight have also been recorded. The results show that the number of gilts that showed oestrus and became pregnant was increased after Baypamun liquid treatment, particularly in the third group. The cost of supportive medication per gilt was much lower in treated groups compared to untreated animals. The treatment did not have a significant effect on the total number of piglets born, but some beneficial effect was seen in the number of piglets born alive and the average piglet weight at birth of gilts treated three times with Baypamun liquid. It was concluded that paramunization of gilts at the time of transport may improve their reproductive performance.
Xylazine Impairs the Anticonvulsant Activity of Conventional Antiepileptic Drugs in Mice
Authors: Wlaź P. , Roliński Z. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIn this study the influence of xylazine upon the threshold of electrically‐induced convulsions and the anticonvulsant action of diazepam, phenobarbital and phenytoin was studied in mice. All drugs were given as solutions intraperitoneally (i.p.). Xylazine did not alter seizure threshold at any of the doses tested (range 0–6 mg/kg i.p.). However, when combined with seizure‐increasing doses of phenobarbital and phenytoin, xylazine at a dose of 2 mg/kg significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the ability of these anticonvulsants to increase seizure threshold. Xylazine also reduced the anticonvulsant effect of diazepam, though insignificantly. Our data indicate that xylazine should be contraindicated in animals on the anticonvulsant medication.
Serum Protein Electrophoresis: Potential Test for Use in Geriatric Companion Animal Health Programmes
Authors: Batamuzi E. K. , Kristensen F. , Jensen A. L. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe electrophoretic patterns of 117 serum samples from 37 clinically healthy old dogs (age: 10.0 ± 2.5 years, ẍ ± SD) 47 old dogs (age: 9.7 ± 2.0 years) with different diseases, 18 clinically healthy young dogs (age: 2.9 ± 1.6 years) and 15 young dogs (age: 2.0 ± 1.0 years) with different diseases were evaluated using agarose as a supporting matrix. Three major electrophoretic patterns were identified after densitometric scanning. The first pattern was a predominant pattern for the young healthy dogs (found in 67% of dogs in that group) and was considered normal for healthy dogs. The second pattern had relatively higher proportions of β and γ globulins (polyclonal immunoglobulinaemia) and was a predominant pattern among the old healthy dogs (found in 51% of dogs in that group). The findings regarding the second pattern appear to suggest that they had been exposed to antigens during their lives and that they had a well developed and responsive humoral immune response. The third pattern was characterized by high levels of α globulins, it was the most common pattern in the old diseased dogs (found in 70% of the dogs in that group). The third pattern was considered to indicate an inflammatory response among old dogs when compared to young dogs (P < 0.01). These patterns appear to suggest that because of aging and/or accumulated injury geriatric dogs will have high levels of polyclonal γ‐globulinaemia or acute phase reactants.The observed patterns, especially the one showing high levels of α‐globulins, could be a valuable parameter in the search for individuals requiring special attention and thus for the establishment of health programmes for geriatric dogs. With further effort, serum protein electrophoresis might prove to be a useful test for the evaluation of geriatric companion animals for diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic reasons.
Collagen Dysplasia in a Litter of Garaffiano Shepherd Dogs
Authors: Rodríguez F. , Herráez P. , Monteros A. Espinosa de los , Calabuig P. , Rodríguez J. L. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA connective tissue disease resembling the human Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome is reported in three Garafiano shepherd dogs from the same litter. The clinical signs included skin hyperextensibility and fragility, joint laxity, and ocular lesions. Microscopical studies showed abnormalities in the packing of collagen in fibrils and fibres in the skin. Systemic connective tissue defects were demonstrated in one necropsied puppy.
Responses of Heat Stressed Chickens to Exogenous Reverse Triiodothyronine (rT3)
Authors: Bobek S. , Sechman A. , Wieczorek E. , Wronska‐Fortuna D. , Koziec K. , Niezgoda J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryHeat stress is accompanied by a decrease in basal metabolic rate and plasma thyroid hormones. Unlike 3,5,3′‐triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), 3,3′,5′‐triiodothyronine (rT3) displays hypometabolic properties and antagonizes the hypermetabolic effect of T3. This study analyses the role of rT3 in heat (38–39 °C) stressed immature chickens. Two experiments which differed in frequency of rT3 injections (one or two times a day), duration of heat stress (72 or 48 h) and blood sampling were performed. The dose was 14 μg rT3/100 g b.wt./injection (s.c.). It has been shown that rT3 treatment aggravates heat stress symptoms (enhances circulating corticosterone, catecholamines and free fatty acids) and increases mortality. The critical survival time of the rT3 treated and heated birds was at first 24 h of stress. No more chickens died during the next days of the experiment despite the continuation of rT3 injection, suggesting that rT3 might disturb the adaptation to heat. Reverse T3 in heat stressed chickens led to the highest reduction in food consumption (69.9 %) and body weight gain (14.0 % compared to initial weight). The opposite effect in water consumption (216.9 %) was observed. In a neutral environment, rT3 significantly suppressed body temperature 6 h after injection (40.4; control: 41.1 °C), confirming its hypometabolic properties. However, at the same time rT3 significantly enhanced body temperature in heat stress (43.03 versus heated control 42.56 °C). In addition, in rT3 treated birds decreased plasma triglycerides (TG; 24.3 %) and increased plasma free fatty acids (FFA; neutral temperature: 26.4 %; heat stress: 57 %) were demonstrated. A correlation between corticosterone and FFA (r = 0.52) shows that some of the FFA may originate from lipolysis since hormones of the pituitary‐adrenocortical axis accelerate lipolysis. The remaining part of the increased FFA appears to be due to suppressed utilization of FFA as a consequence of hypometabolic properties of rT3. Low and negative relation between TG and FFA (r = −0.26; P < 0.05) may support such an assumption. The two times higher peak of corticosterone in the rT3 and the overheated group, as compared to the heated control, occurred at 6 h of heat stress and indicates that rT3 increases the unfavourable effect of high temperature. This was also confirmed by elevated plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline in rT3‐injected and heated chickens (55.5 and 120%, respectively). However, a single and two times higher peak of adrenaline at 24 h of heat stress was observed in saline treated birds, but not in rT3 supplemented animals, suggesting that this difference might explain one of the factors responsible for high mortality. In conclusion, the results obtained demonstrate that physiological doses of rT3, a hypometabolic hormone, enhance the unfavourable effect of heat stress in chickens.
Effect of 5‐HT2and 5‐HT3Receptor Antagonists on Cholera Toxin‐Induced Fluid Hypersecretion in the Pig Jejunum
Authors: Grøndahi M. L. , Jensen G. M. , Skadhauge E. , Hansen M. B. 
Published: May 2010

Summary5‐Hydroxytryptamine is a mediator in cholera toxin‐induced hypersecretion in the small intestine. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the 5‐hydroxytryptamine receptor antagonists ketanserin, granisetron, ondansetron and tropisetron on cholera toxin‐induced hypersecretion in the pig jejunum. Hypersecretion was induced by cholera toxin in ligated jejunal loops. The antagonists were administered subcutaneously at a dose of 100 μg/kg. Furthermore, the effect of intraluminally instilled ondansetron was studied. None of the antagonists altered basal absorption or caused fluid hypersecretion. Cholera toxin caused a dose‐dependent electrolyte and fluid hypersecretion. The apparent maximal effect, 6.8 ± 0.4 mg fluid x mg dry loop−1, was reduced by ondansetron, granisetron and tropisetron by about 40 %, 30 %, and 20 %, respectively, whereas ketanserin had no effect. Intraluminal ondansetron reduced the effect of cholera toxin by about 50 %. These results demonstrate that 5‐hydroxytryptamine3antagonists administered subcutaneously reduce the cholera toxin‐induced hypersecretion in the pig jejunum. Finally, the results support species differences with respect to the antagonistic effect of the tested drugs in cholera toxin‐induced hypersecretion.
Immunohistochemical Examination of Light‐chain Expression (Λ/kRatio) in Canine, Feline, Equine, Bovine and Porcine Plasma Cells
Authors: Arun S. S. , Breuer W. , Hermanns W. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryFive species of domestic animals were examined immunohistochemically and the light‐chain ratios of the immunoglobulins produced by plasma cells analysed. Forty dogs, 11 cats, 10 horses, 11 cattle and 14 pigs were tested using the sequential indirect immunoperoxidase and immunophosphatase methods. Tissues from the tonsils, spleen and cervical lymph nodes were analysed. It could be seen that the Λ/kratio in dogs, cats, horses and cattle is largely dominated by the Λ chains (Λ/kratio in dogs: 91/9 %, in cats: 92/8 %; in horses: 96/4 %; in cattle: 91/9 %). A more or less balanced ratio was observed only in the case of the pigs (52/48 %).
Human‐Interferon und60Kobalt‐Bestrahlung bei Tumorzellen des Hundes und der Katze–‐präklinische Studien
Authors: Kessler M. , Hammer A. S. , Bailey M. Q. , Tempel K. H. , Matis U. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryEffects of Human Interferons and60Cobalt Radiation on Canine and Feline Tumour Cells–‐Preclinical StudiesThis study examined the effects of recombinant human interferons (rHuIFN) α 2a, α 2b and γ on canine and feline tumour‐cell proliferation and radiosensitivity. Sensitivity of the cell lines to radiation and rHuIFN varied according to the histologic origin of the cells. In radiation experiments, one fraction of 400 cGy produced survival rates of between 76 and 25%. Sensitivity to IFN was higher in cell lines derived from round cell tumours compared to those derived from solid tumors. At doses of 100 and 1000 U/ml IFN α and IFN γ, survival rates of between 70 and 80% were observed. In combined treatment experiments, increase in IFN or radiation dose produced higher cell kills. Increasing the number of fractions had the most pronounced effect. Even small doses of human interferons can have significant effects on animal tumour cellsin vitro.
Effect of Cholera Toxin on Glucose Absorption and Net Movements of Water and Electrolytes in the Intestinal Loop of Sheep
Authors: Hyun H. S. , Onaga T. , Mineo H. , Kim J. T. , Kato S. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThis study was designed to evaluate the effect of cholera toxin on glucose absorption and net movement of water and electrolytes in the jejunal loop of sheep. Intraluminal perfusion was performed at the rate of 1 ml/min with isotonic 10 mM glucose solution. Osmolality was adjusted by adding NaCl, and the outflow solution was collected every 10 min. After a 30 min control period, cholera toxin was applied intraluminally for 30 min at doses of 30, 60, and 120 μg/loop. In the control period, water, sodium and chloride were absorbed, while potassium and bicarbonate were secreted. Cholera toxin reversed the net absorption of water, sodium and chloride to net secretions, and this secretory response to cholera toxin was dose‐dependent. Bicarbonate secretion was stimulated dose‐dependently by cholera toxin. Potassium secretion was also increased at all doses, though this response was not dose‐dependent. The net glucose absorption was decreased dose‐dependently by cholera toxin. In conclusion, these results indicate that cholera toxin stimulates water and electrolyte secretion, and inhibits glucose absorption in the jejunal loop of sheep.
Mitotic Phase Distribution, Mitotic Activity and Apoptosis in Basal Cell Tumours of Canine Skin
Authors: Maiolino P. , Vico G. De , Papparella S. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThis study evaluates the mitotic phase distribution, mitotic activity and apoptosis in 17 basal cell tumours of canine skin. The number of mitotic and apoptotic cell/mm2 of neoplastic epithelium is counted and the volume corrected mitotic and apoptotic index, respectively, are obtained (M/V and A/V index). Transmission electron microscopy is performed on selected cases to confirm the typical features of apoptosis.The M/V index ranges from 9 to 45/mm2 of neoplastic epithelium, while the A/V index ranges from 5 to 111/mm2 of neoplastic epithelium. Even if the number of apoptotic cells is slightly higher than that of mitotic cells and vice versa, the mean values of the two parameters (mean M/V = 20.76 ± 10.86, mean A/V = 31.41 ± 24.53) tend to be equal. In fact, apoptotic and mitotic index are not statistically different (P = 0.11).Furthermore, in all the samples examined, an increased proportion of metaphases (46.82%) is observed. These findings suggest that the discrepancy between apparent mitotic activity and tumour growth may be mainly due to the increased duration of the entire cell cycle rather than to the high incidence of apoptosis.
Morphological Studies on Experimental Oleander Poisoning in Cattle
Authors: Oryan A. , Maham M. , Rezakhani A. , Maleki M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryOleander poisoning has been reported in man and animals. The present experiments address the gross and microscopic changes due to oleander poisoning in cattle. Minimum lethal doses (50 mg/kg) of oleander leaves were orally administered to three calves in a single dose and each of the other three animals received the same lethal dose in three equal parts with 24‐h intervals. The lesions in the three animals which received 50 mg/kg in a single dose resulted from the direct effect of the toxin on the vascular endothelial bed and demonstrated as petechial and diffused haemorrhages, congestion, oedema, cell degeneration and inflammatory cell infiltration in the lungs, heart, mesentry, kidneys, serosal and mucosal surfaces of omasum, abomasum and the intestine. The lungs also showed atelectasis, emphysema and disseminated intravascular coagulation. On the other hand, the animals which received divided doses showed lesions due to long‐term exposure to the toxic agent and/or as the result of tissue ischaemia. The lungs also showed cell necrosis and mononuclear cell infiltration in the interstitial tissue, and some of the cardiac muscle fibres rather showed fibromyolysis and cell infiltration between muscle fibres, epicardium and endocardium. The intestinal villi showed haemorrhagic, degenerative and necrotic changes and the eosinophils were infiltrated in mucosal and submucosal layers of this organ. Multifocal degenerative and necrotic changes with inflammatory cell infiltration were also present in the liver parenchyma.
Pre‐ and Postprandial Total Serum Bile Acid Concentration Following Acute Liver Damage in Dogs
Authors: Turgut K. , Demir C. , Ok M. , ÇIftçi K. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe importance of preprandial and postprandial total bile acids were investigated in dogs with liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) administration.Six healthy and mature dogs were used. After base‐line clinical and biochemical examinations, hepatocellular damage was induced by oral CCI4administration. Determinations of plasma total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), total and direct bilirubin (TBil, DBil), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) along with histologic examination of the livers 10 days following CCl4administration were conducted to ensure that hepatic damage was in fact induced by the CCl4administration. Twelve h fasting preprandial and 2 h postprandial serum total bile acids (PRSBA, POSBA) concentrations were also measured.The median plasma TP, Alb, TBil and DBil concentrations did not show any difference (P > 0.05) during the study. Plasma ALT activities increased significantly (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) between on the 3rd and 10th days of the experiment. The median serum values of PRSBA and POSBA were significantly different (P < 0.01) on the first day and continued to be different during the experiment.In conclusion, POSBA seemed to be more reliable than PRSBA in the diagnosis of hepatic necrosis.
Combined Effect of Web 2086 (Paf Antagonist) and Ketoprofen (Nsaid) on Paf‐inducedex vivoPlatelet Aggregation in Bovine
Authors: da Silva M. Bastos , Herion F. , Raskinet R. , David J.‐L. , Gustin P. , Lekeux P. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe effect of the specific PAF‐antagonist WEB 2086, a thieno‐triazolo‐diazepine, and ketoprofen, a NSAID, was investigated on PAF‐induced bovine platelet aggregation measuredex vivoin platelet‐rich plasma (PRP). WEB 2086 was infused intravenously over 1 min followed immediately by ketoprofen administration over 1 s (both drugs = 3 mg/kg), in a group of six healthy male Friesian calves. Depending on the PAF concentration, a reversible (10−8− 10−9mol/l) and irreversible (10−5−10−7mol/l) platelet aggregation was observed. The reversible aggregation was completely blocked by pretreatment of the animal with WEB 2086 and ketoprofen. The inhibitory effects observed during the irreversible aggregation were 47.22%, 54.00% and 88.00% at 10−5, 10−6and 10−7mol/l PAF, respectively. Moreover, the aggregation obtained in these condition became reversible. Maximal inhibitory effect of WEB 2086 and ketoprofen on PAF‐induced platelet aggregation in calves was observed within 30 min after administration of both drugs. This inhibition persisted even after 24 h and was significantly different from control with P < 0.05. The combined effect of both drugs exceeded the sum of the individual effects (synergism).It was concluded that WEB 2086 and ketoprofen very effectively blocked PAF‐induced bovine platelet aggregation in platelet‐rich plasma. The study also suggested a synergism between both substances.