bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Quality of Life among Teachers after Nursing Strategy Intervention – A Quantitative Study
Authors: Cathrine R. Thephilah , Aruna S. , Vijayaragahavan R. 
Published: June 2024

Introduction:
Teachers are one of the most significant human resources. The qualities and nature of any instructive framework depends generally on their teacher's work. It has been very much reported that educating is one of the most distressing professions in the world.

Aims:
The aims of this study were as follows: (i) to assess the level of quality of life (QOL) among teachers of private and fully aided schools in posttest for the experimental and control groups and (ii) to determine the effectiveness of nursing strategies on QOL among teachers of private and fully aided schools. Materials and methods: A quantitative research approach with true experimental design including experimental and control groups and pretest–posttest control group design, was adopted for this study. The study focused on the selected schools in Vellore district. Totally 28 participants were selected by consecutive sampling technique with the age of 25–60 years. Based on the inclusion criteria and availability of teachers, they were allocated into control group (n = 14) and experimental group (n = 14). A nursing strategy program by various modules (the nature of stress, cognitive skills, affect skills, and behavioral skills) once a week for 6 weeks was given. Results: We found that the median value in pretest is significantly different from median value in posttest (P = 0.001). This research suggests that nursing strategy interventions are effective and beneficial in all domains of QOL.

Conclusion:
More help ought to be offered to teachers to improve their QOL and prosperity.
Clinical Study of Age-Related Macular Degeneration-Incidence, Visual Acuity Assessment, and Risk Factors
Authors: Jaiswal Sapan , Raut Priyanka , Kamble Mala , Gadegone Aditi 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an eye disease that can blur the sharp, central vision you need for activities like reading and driving. “Age-related” means that it often happens in older people. “Macular” means it affects a part of your eye called the macula.

Settings and Design:
AMD is a common condition – it's a leading cause of vision loss for people age 50 and older. AMD doesn't cause complete blindness, but losing your central vision can make it harder to see faces, drive, or do close up work like cooking or fixing things around the house.

Methods:
AMD happens very slowly in some people. Even if you have early AMD, you may not experience vision loss for a long time. For other people, AMD progresses faster and can lead to central vision loss in one eye or both eyes.

Conclusion:
The present article aims to summarize the current knowledge on AMD its incidence, visual acuity, and risk factors
Study of Electrocardiographic and Two-Dimensional Echocardiography Changes in Patients of Intracerebral Hemorrhage and its Outcome in Terms of Mortality
Authors: Narayankar Atul S. , Shivnitwar Sachin Kisan 
Published: June 2024

Aims of the Study:
The aim was to study the electrocardiographic and two-dimensional echocardiography (2D ECHO) changes in patients of intracerebral hemorrhage and its outcome in terms of mortality.

Materials and Methods:
Patients admitted to medicine ward and intensive care unit selected for the study. Their electrocardiography (ECG), 2D ECHO, and outcome noted.

Results:
Mortality was higher in patients of intracerebral bleed having ECG and 2D ECHO changes than those with normal ECGs and 2D ECHO.

Conclusion:
ECG and 2D ECHO abnormalities are common in patients of intracerebral hemorrhage, and these have prognostic significance in predicting mortality in patients of intracerebral hemorrhage. Thus, every patient of intracerebral hemorrhage should undergo ECG and 2D ECHO examination for the evaluation of cardiac dysfunction occurring in these patients.
Ropivacaine with Dexmedetomidine versus Ropivacaine Alone in Ultrasonography-Guided Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block
Authors: Dash L. K. , Raghu K. , Rajaram G. 
Published: June 2024

Context:
Supraclavicular brachial plexus block is the most flavored technique for upper limb surgeries in the day-to-day anesthetic practice. Adjuvants are commonly used along with local anesthetics to improve the overall quality of block. Dexmedetomidine is a α2 adrenoceptor agonist, nowadays gaining popularity due to its favorable outcomes.

Aims:
The aim of this study is to compare the block characteristics of 0.5% 30 ml ropivacaine alone with 0.5% 30 ml ropivacaine combined with 50 mcg of dexmedetomidine.

Settings and Design:
This was a prospective randomized controlled study.

Materials and Methods:
One hundred patients in the age group of 20–60 years, of American Society of Anesthesiologists Grade I and II, scheduled for elective upper limb surgeries were included in this study. Patients were divided into two groups of 50 each to receive either ropivacaine alone (Group A) or ropivacaine-dexmedetomidine combination (Group B). Onset and duration of sensory and motor blockade were assessed.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Standard qualitative and quantitative tests were used to compare data. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
The onset of sensory and motor blockade was faster in Group B when compared to Group A (17.32 ± 2.05 min, 24.23 ± 5.83 min vs. 22.58 ± 1.75 min, 28.61 ± 2.78 min), the duration of sensory and motor blockade was longer in Group B when compared to Group A (635.0 ± 27.12 min, 513.21 ± 26.14 min vs. 501.1 ± 33.14 min, 402.17 ± 18.16 min), and the duration of analgesia was also longer in Group B compared to Group A (338.16 ± 10 min vs. 247.20 ± 12 min).

Conclusion:
Dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to ropivacaine fastened the onset of block, prolonged the duration of block, and prolonged the duration of analgesia.
Comparison between two-hole-assisted phaco-chop and stop-and-chop techniques for nuclear disassembly in residents’ cataract surgery
Authors: Naqaish Rehan , Alrawashdeh Hamzeh M. , Sabih Rayyan , Naqvi Syed A. H. , Osama Muhammad , Sohail Salman , Niazi Manahil 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

PURPOSE:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety of the novel two-hole-assisted phaco-chop technique as a transition between stop-and-chop and direct-chop techniques and to compare its phacoemulsification parameters with the stop-and-chop technique.

METHODS:
A prospective quasi-experimental study was conducted at Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. One hundred and three patients (103 eyes), aged 18 years and above, with nuclear sclerosis (NS)+2, NS +3, +4, cortical, and posterior subcapsular cataracts (WHO Cataract Grading Group) were included, whereas patients with uveitis, glaucoma, traumatic cataracts, small pupils, zonular weakness, lens subluxation, small palpebral fissures, soft cataracts (NS + 1), and posterior polar cataracts were excluded from the study. The stop-and-chop technique was performed in 58 (56.3%) patients, whereas the two-hole-assisted chop technique in the rest. Ultrasound time (UST), total surgical time, and volume of balanced salt solution (BSS) delivered were recorded.

RESULTS:
The mean age of the participants was 65.12 ± 8.85 years. The comparison of the two techniques revealed no statistically significant difference in the UST (P = 0.723), volume of BSS used (P = 0.102), and total surgery time (P = 0.517). However, a significant positive correlation between cataract grade and UST (Spearman’s r = 0.888, P < 0.001), BSS volume delivered (Spearman’s r = 0.831, P < 0.001), and surgery time (Spearman’s r = 0.846, P < 0.001) was observed. Moreover, the UST comparison between cataract grades revealed a significant difference between the three groups (F = 185.09 P < 0.001). P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

CONCLUSION:
The two-hole-assisted phaco chop is a safe and efficient transitional technique between stop-and-chop and direct-chop techniques for nuclear disassembly in cataract surgery performed by resident surgeons. In addition, the phacoemulsification parameters of the two-hole-assisted chop technique are comparable with the stop-and-chop technique.
Sociodemography, diabetes mellitus clinical parameters, and retinal morphology as predictors of neurodegeneration in preclinical diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Sooryanarayana Sathiya P. , Hairol M. Izzuddin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

PURPOSE:
The current prediction of preclinical diabetic retinopathy (DR) in asymptomatic patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) is limited due to a lack of suitable indicators. This study aimed to identify the predictors of neurodegenerative changes in type 2 DM patients during the preclinical stage of DR using sociodemographic and DM clinical parameters and retinal morphology.

METHODS:
Fifty-six adult DM participants (mean age: 40.41 ± 7.281 years) were classified into three groups: DM without DR, DM with mild nonproliferative DR (NPDR), and DM with moderate-to-severe NPDR. Demographic data, including age, gender, race, DM duration, glycated hemoglobin levels, household income, comorbidities, and insulin dependency, were collected. Retinal morphology, including macular retinal layer thickness, peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer, and vascular caliber, were analyzed. Multinomial logistic regression models explored these factors’ influence on NPDR prediction.

RESULTS:
Participants with moderate-to-severe NPDR were less likely to have DM without comorbidities (odds ratio [OR]: 0.048, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.003–0.823, P = 0.036). Those with longer DM duration were 27% more likely to develop moderate-to-severe NPDR (OR: 1.272, 95% CI: 1.035–1.564, P = 0.022). Retinal morphology parameters did not predict NPDR risk and severity levels in DM patients, except for mild NPDR, which had a 1.05 times higher risk of wider central retinal arteriolar equivalent (CRAE) (OR: 1.052, 95% CI: 1.002–1.105, P = 0.043).

CONCLUSION:
DM duration, comorbidity presence, and widened CRAE are critical parameters for assessing neurodegenerative changes in preclinical DR. These parameters could be incorporated into DR screening programs to mitigate NPDR progression and enhance long-term visual outcomes of DM patients.
A study to evaluate and compare Parker Flex-Tip tube and polyvinyl chloride endotracheal tube for hemodynamic response during intubation
Authors: Bansal Teena , Singhal Suresh , Aggarwal Ajay 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims:
Both laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation individually contribute to hemodynamic pressor response following endotracheal intubation. Parker Flex-Tip tracheal tube has a flexible, curved, smooth, centered, and tapered distal tip that is designed to facilitate rapid, easy, and nontraumatic intubation. The present study was conducted to compare Parker Flex-Tip and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) endotracheal tube (ETT) for hemodynamic response during intubation.

Materials and Methods:
Sixty patients of either sex of age 18–50 years, belonging to the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical Status I or II scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia requiring endotracheal intubation were included. In Group I (n = 30), Parker Flex-Tip tube was used and in Group II (n = 30), PVC ETT was used. Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial pressure were compared at various time intervals. Quantitative variables were compared using unpaired t-test and qualitative variables were compared using Chi-square test. P ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
The mean basal value of HR was 81.33 ± 13.78 beats/min in Group I and 87.36 ± 13.34 beats/min in Group II (P = 0.09). The difference between both the groups was found to be comparable at baseline, prelaryngoscopy, and just after laryngoscopy (AL) but this difference was found to be statistically significant just after intubation (AI) and at 1 min AI. In both groups, DBP started increasing just AL but the difference was not significant. This difference between the two groups was observed to be statistically significant at 1 min AI (81.73 ± 13.29 in Group I vs. 88.96 ± 10.27 in Group II, [P = 0.02]).

Conclusion:
Parker Flex-Tip tube is beneficial in controlling the hemodynamic response during laryngoscopy and intubation. This effect is significantly evident in HR and DBP.
Effect of oral clonidine premedication on perioperative hemodynamics and postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Meena Khemraj , Verma Reena , Sharma Sandeep , Choudhary Santosh , Kumar Yogesh , Thomas Chanchel Mary 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background:
Laryngoscopy, endotracheal intubation, and creation of pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic cholecystectomy cause sympathetic stimulation manifesting as hypertension, tachycardia, arrhythmia, and myocardial ischemia.

Methods:
We undertook this study to determine the effect of oral clonidine premedication on perioperative hemodynamics, postoperative pain, and sedation for patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. In this double-blinded randomized controlled trial, 100 American Society of Anesthesiologists Grades I and II patients scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomized into 2 groups to receive 100 μg tablet clonidine in Group I and ranitidine 150 mg tablet in Group II (control group) 90 min before induction of general endotracheal anesthesia. Effect on hemodynamic parameters, duration of analgesia, requirement of rescue analgesic, and sedation score was assessed. Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation or number (proportion). Unpaired t-test and Chi-square test were applied wherever indicated. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
Patients in the clonidine group had lower systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate values as compared to control group at all measured time intervals (P < 0.05). The duration of analgesia was prolonged in the clonidine group (256.6 ± 34.97 min vs. 103.4 ± 10.94 min, P = 0.000). Total amount (88.50 ± 29.11 mg vs. 165.00 ± 30.31 mg, P = 0.000) and number of doses (1.18 ± 0.39 vs. 2.20 ± 0.40, P = 0.000) of rescue analgesic requirement in 1st 24 h postoperative period were also lesser in clonidine group. The sedation score was higher in clonidine group just after extubation (2.24 ± 0.43) as compared to the placebo group (1.92 ± 0.40, P = 0.000) at 1 h of postoperative period.

Conclusion:
Premedication with 100 μg clonidine provides stable hemodynamics against stress response triggered by the creation of pneumoperitoneum, laryngoscopy, and endotracheal intubation in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy and also prolongs the duration of postoperative analgesia with reduced requirement of rescue analgesics without causing prolonged postoperative sedation.
A prospective randomized double-blind clinical study to compare the effect of nalbuphine versus fentanyl on attenuation of pressor response during endotracheal intubation and analgesic potential on patients under general anesthesia
Authors: Singh Maina , Ali Naazneen , Patodi Veena , Kumar Pradeep , Mathur Veena , Khare Arvind 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background:
Laryngoscopy and orotracheal intubation often trigger a hemodynamic response, increasing catecholamines and potentially leading to higher morbidity. Fentanyl, with a high safety margin and rapid onset, and Nalbuphine, a µ receptor antagonist and k receptor agonist with minimal respiratory depression and a “ceiling effect,” are commonly used to mitigate this response.

Aim:
This study compares the efficacy of Fentanyl and Nalbuphine in reducing the pressor response during laryngoscopy and intubation in patients under general anesthesia, monitored by Bispectral Index (BIS). It also evaluates total analgesic requirements, time to first rescue analgesic post-extubation (VAS score), and associated complications.

Method:
The study was a hospital-based, prospective, double-blind, randomized interventional trial registered under the Clinical Trials Registry - India (CTRI/2022/05/042731). The sample size of 70 patients (35 in each group) was calculated based on alpha error, study power, and the minimum clinically significant difference for MAP after induction. Patients aged 18-65 years with ASA grade I and II and body weight between 40-70 kg were included. Group A received Fentanyl, and Group B received Nalbuphine. Vital parameters were monitored during the surgery, and additional doses of the study drug were administered if the BIS score exceeded 60. Postoperative analgesic effect was evaluated by a blinded anesthesiologist.

Results:
The demographic characteristics of the study population were similar between the Fentanyl and Nalbuphine groups, as indicated by age, weight, sex, and ASA physical status, there was a statistically significant difference in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure and heart rate post-intubation, with the Nalbuphine group demonstrating a greater increase compared to the Fentanyl group, which was significant at all time intervals.
Comparative study between retrograde intrarenal surgery and ultrasound- guided shock wave lithotripsy for treatment of 1 to 2 cm radiolucent lower calyceal stones
Authors: Elal Ashraf M Abd , Shaher Hussein , El-Barky Ehab , Ali Saad , Omar Rabea Gomaa 
Published: June 2024

Objectives:
The objective is to compare the safety and efficacy of retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) and ultrasound-guided (US-guided) shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) for the treatment of radiolucent lower pole calculi of 1–2 cm.

Materials and Methods:
This prospective randomized study was performed at our tertiary care urology institute of Benha University Hospitals; cases were randomized either to undergo RIRS (Group A) or US-guided SWL with a triple focus system (Group B). The safety and effectiveness of both therapies were compared using new criteria for stone-free rate (SFR): Grade A (absolutely stone free), Grade B (≤2 mm fragments), and Grade C (>2 mm up to 4 mm fragments), fluoroscopy time, operative time, auxiliary procedures, retreatment, and complications.

Results:
Out of 100 patients, 92 were eligible for this study. RIRS had a higher SFR of 88.9% compared to SWL, 72.3% (P = 0.045). Furthermore, stone-free classification significantly differed between the studied groups (P < 0.001), with Grade A being significantly higher in Group A. Conversely, Grades B and C were lower in Group A. On the other hand, operative and fluoroscopy times were significantly reduced with SWL (P = 0.004 and < 0.001, respectively). While complications did not significantly differ between the two groups (P = 0.340), a significant distinction was observed in terms of the Clavien–Dindo classification.

Conclusions:
RIRS is an effective and safe option for treating radiolucent lower calyceal stones of ≤2 cm, with a greater SFR and lower need for auxiliary operations. However, Sono SWL is a cost-effective alternative that can achieve a comparable success rate after retreatment sessions.
Characteristics and management of iatrogenic urinary tract injuries in teaching hospital: A single-centered study
Authors: Warli Syah Mirsya , Ramon Ryan , Nasution Ramlan , Kadar Dhirajaya Dharma , Adhyatma Kharisma Prasetya , Tala Mohd. Rhiza Z. 
Published: June 2024

Context and Aims:
Despite its rarity, iatrogenic urinary tract injury can cause severe morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of urinary tract injuries caused by medical treatment in a hospital in Medan, Indonesia.

Settings and Design:
This retrospective descriptive study was conducted at H. Adam Malik General Hospital and Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital in Medan from March to August 2022.

Subjects and Methods:
Medical data of individuals who had iatrogenic urinary tract injuries in a Medan teaching hospital from 2018 to 2022 were obtained using total sampling. SPSS version 25 was utilized to analyze patient characteristics, the type of surgery, urinary tract injuries, and urologic procedures.

Results:
There were 11 ureteral injuries and 23 bladder injuries in 32 iatrogenic urinary tract injuries. The average age of the patients was 40.5 ± 13.3. Patients who received obstetrical care had the highest rate of iatrogenic urinary tract injury (56.3%), followed by patients who received gynecological care (21.9%) and surgical care (21.9%). The procedure most likely to cause iatrogenic urinary tract injury was hysterectomy (40.6%). Bladder rupture (65.5%) and ureteral transection (28.1%) were common types of iatrogenic bladder and ureteral injuries. Majority of iatrogenic urinary tract injuries were treated with bladder repair (68.8%).

Conclusions:
Obstetrical and gynecologic procedures, especially hysterectomy, were the most common causes of iatrogenic urinary tract injury; bladder repair was the most common treatment. Iatrogenic urinary tract injury is best managed by knowing the anatomical position of the urinary tract inside the operative field.
IKKINCHI TILNI EGALLASHDA AFFEKTIV OMILLARNING ROLI
Authors: Polvonniyozova Mahliyo 
Published: June 2024

Ikkinchi tilni o'zlashtirishda affektiv omillarning roli til o'rganish sohasida hal qiluvchi ta'lim sohasidir. Affektiv omillar deganda shaxsning til o‘rganish jarayoniga ta’sir etuvchi hissiy va motivatsion jihatlar tushuniladi. Ushbu maqola ikkinchi tilni o'zlashtirish kontekstida ushbu affektiv omillarning ahamiyatini o'rganishga qaratilgan.
INGLIZ VA O‘ZBEK TILLARIDA SO‘Z BIRIKMALARINING SINTAKTIK MUNOSABATLARI
Authors: Nazarov Sardor 
Published: June 2024

Maqolada ingliz va o’zbek tillarida so’z birikmalarining xususiyatlari va sintaktik munosabatlari haqida so’z boradi. Shuningdek so’z va so’z birikmasi o’rtasidagi farqli jihatlari yoritilgan. So’z birikmalarining bog’lanish usullari misollar orqali tahlil qilinadi.
Morality in Gaming: Observer Perceptions of Player versus Character Actions
Authors: Stansbury Jessica A , Munro Geoffrey D , Earnest David R 
Published: June 2024

The debate on the impact of violent video games and its influence on players continues despite mixed findings. Using the lens of third person perception research, we explored moral judgments of laypersons, those often at the crux of these public debates. Study 1 investigated whether the player or character is perceived by an outside observer as responsible for moral decisions made within the narrative of a violent video game. Study 2 investigated how those perceptions may impact the observers’ perceptions of the player’s future negative behaviors and personality traits. Study 1 and 2 used a 2 (condition: rescuing vs. harvesting) x 2 (role: player vs. character) mixed ANOVA with role as a repeated measure. We created a brief recording of gameplay leading to a moral decision in Bioshock, an interactive, first-person shooter game, shown to participants. Participants were asked to rate perceived morality of player and character actions. Study 1 showed that participants (N = 51) held the observed player more morally responsible for in-game behaviors than the character within the game. Replicating and advancing Study 1, Study 2 (N = 227) showed support for you are what you eat heuristic, in that observers were more likely to view the negative behaviors of the in-game characters as indicators of negative personality traits of the player. These insights are crucial in the broader societal discourse on the potential link between violent video games and real-world aggression