bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infantile fibrosarcoma: Clinical and histologic responses to cytotoxic chemotherapy
Authors: Russell Heidi , Hicks M. John , Bertuch Alison A. , Chintagumpala Murali 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackgroundInfantile fibrosarcoma (IF) is a rare soft tissue sarcoma that presents either at birth or in the first year of life. Complete surgical resection is usually curative but chemotherapy may shrink the tumor to facilitate complete resection. This report describes the histologic changes and outcomes in four patients with IF treated with chemotherapy and surgical resection.ProcedureA retrospective review was performed of patients treated between 2000 and 2007.ResultsAll four patients are alive with excellent functional outcomes. The patients were diagnosed from birth up to 7 months of age; three had lower extremity tumors and one had a neck tumor. All patients received vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and actinomycin; one patient also received ifosfamide and etoposide after tumor progression. One tumor, arising from the neck, had rapid shrinkage. Two lower extremity tumors had only modest changes in dimensions but upon resection, the tumor bed contained fibrous tissue with exaggerated small caliber vessels. The fourth infant developed metastatic lesions in the central nervous system, orbits, lungs, and kidney after complete removal of the primary tumor. The metastatic lesions responded to chemotherapy and have remained stable for over 3 years.ConclusionsIF is a chemosensitive tumor. In patients where a clinical response is not apparent, cytoreduction of the tumor and replacement with fibrotic and fibrovascular tissue may facilitate gross‐total resection. The chemotherapy‐responsiveness of this tumor may abrogate unfavorable features such as metastatic or residual tumor. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:23–27. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diversity and composition of Amazonian moths in primary, secondary and plantation forests
Authors: Hawes Joseph , da Silva Motta Catarina , Overal William L. , Barlow Jos , Gardner Toby A. , Peres Carlos A. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract:The response of tropical fauna to landscape-level habitat change is poorly understood. Increased conversion of native primary forest to alternative land-uses, including secondary forest and exotic tree plantations, highlights the importance of assessing diversity patterns within these forest types. We sampled 1848 moths from 335 species of Arctiidae, Saturniidae and Sphingidae, over a total of 30 trap-nights. Sampling was conducted during the wet season 2005, using three light-traps at 15 sites within areas of primary forest, secondary forest andEucalyptus urograndisplantations in northern Brazilian Amazonia. The Jari study region provides one of the best opportunities to investigate the ecological consequences of land-use change, and this study is one of the first to examine patterns of diversity for a neotropical moth assemblage in a human-dominated landscape in lowland Amazonia. We found that the three moth families responded consistently to disturbance in terms of abundance and community structure but variably in terms of species richness, in a manner apparently supporting a life-history hypothesis. Our results suggest that secondary forests andEucalyptusplantations can support a substantial level of moth diversity but also show that these forest types hold assemblages with significantly distinct community structures and composition from primary forest. In addition, the ability of these converted land-uses to support primary forest species may be enhanced by proximity to surrounding primary forest, an issue which requires consideration when assessing the diversity and composition of mobile taxa in human-dominated landscapes.
Improvements in maternal depression as a mediator of intervention effects on early childhood problem behavior
Authors: Shaw Daniel S. , Connell Arin , Dishion Thomas J. , Wilson Melvin N. , Gardner Frances 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMaternal depression has been consistently linked to the development of child problem behavior, particularly in early childhood, but few studies have examined whether reductions in maternal depression serve as a mediator in relation to changes associated with a family-based intervention. The current study addressed this issue with a sample of 731 families receiving services from a national food supplement and nutrition program. Families with toddlers between ages 2 and 3 were screened and then randomized to a brief family intervention, the Family Check-Up, which included linked interventions that were tailored and adapted to the families needs. Follow-up intervention services were provided at age 3 and follow-up of child outcomes occurred at ages 3 and 4. Latent growth models revealed intervention effects for early externalizing and internalizing problems from 2 to 4, and reductions in maternal depression from ages 2 to 3. In addition, reductions in maternal depression mediated improvements in both child externalizing and internalizing problem behavior after accounting for the potential mediating effects of improvements in positive parenting. The results are discussed with respect to targeting maternal depression in future intervention studies aimed at improving early child problem behavior.
Inhibitory deficits in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Intentional versus automatic mechanisms of attention
Authors: Fillmore Mark T. , Milich Richard , Lorch Elizabeth P. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractApplication of theoretically based tasks to the study of the development of selective attention has led to intriguing new findings concerning the role of inhibitory mechanisms. This study examined inhibitory mechanisms using a countermanding task and an inhibition of return task to compare deficits in intentionally, versus reflexively, controlled inhibition of attention in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Fifty children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were classified into one of three subtypes: predominantly inattentive (ADHD/PI), combined (ADHD/C), and those children with ADHD/C who also met criteria for comorbid oppositional defiant disorder (ADHD/C + ODD). The groups were compared to a comparison group of children (n= 21). The countermanding task showed that the ADHD groups required more time to inhibit responses and this impairment did not differ among subtypes. With respect to reflexively controlled inhibition, compared with controls ADHD/C and ADHD/C + ODD groups showed impaired reflexive inhibition, whereas the ADHD/PI group was considerably less impaired. The findings highlight a dissociation between the two forms of inhibitory deficits among children with the inattentive subtype, and raise the possibility that the efficient operation of reflexive inhibitory mechanisms might be necessary for the development of effective intentional control of inhibition.
Testing the Oregon delinquency model with 9-year follow-up of the Oregon Divorce Study
Authors: Forgatch Marion S. , Patterson Gerald R. , Degarmo David S. , Beldavs Zintars G. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis paper presents experimental tests of the Oregon delinquency model applied within a randomized design of an at-risk sample of single mothers and their elementary school-aged sons. In the theoretical model, ineffective parenting practices and deviant peer association serve as the primary mechanisms for growth in adolescent delinquent behavior and early arrests. Multiple-method assessments of 238 mothers and sons include delinquency as measured by teacher reports and official arrest records, parenting skills measured by observations of parent–child interactions, and deviant peer association as reported by focal boys. Analyses of the 9-year follow-up data indicate that the Oregon model of parent management training significantly reduced teacher-reported delinquency and police arrests for focal boys. As hypothesized, the experiments demonstrated that improving parenting practices and reducing contacts with deviant peers served as mediating mechanisms for reducing rates of adolescent delinquency. As predicted, there was also a significant delay in the timing of police arrests for youth in the experimental as compared to the control group.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of stainless steel cooking pots in reducing iron-deficiency anaemia in food aid-dependent populations
Authors: Talley Leisel , Woodruff Bradley A , Seal Andrew , Tripp Kathryn , Mselle Laurent Sadikiel , Abdalla Fathia , Bhatia Rita , Mirghani Zhara 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of stainless steel (Fe alloy) cooking pots in reducing Fe-deficiency anaemia in food aid-dependent populations.DesignRepeated cross-sectional surveys. Between December 2001 and January 2003, three surveys among children aged 6–59 months and their mothers were conducted in 110 households randomly selected from each camp. The primary outcomes were changes in Hb concentration and Fe status.SettingTwo long-term refugee camps in western Tanzania.SubjectsChildren (6–59 months) and their mothers were surveyed at 0, 6 and 12 months post-intervention. Stainless steel pots were distributed to all households in Nduta camp (intervention); households in Mtendeli camp (control) continued to cook with aluminium or clay pots.ResultsAmong children, there was no change in Hb concentration at 1 year; however, Fe status was lower in the intervention camp than the control camp (serum transferrin receptor (sTfR) concentration: 6·8v. 5·9 μg/ml;P< 0·001). There was no change in Hb concentration among non-pregnant mothers at 1 year. Subjects in the intervention camp had lower Fe status than those in the control camp (sTfR concentration: 5·8v. 4·7 μg/ml;P= 0·003).ConclusionsDistribution of stainless steel pots did not increase Hb concentration or improve Fe status in children or their mothers. The use of stainless steel prevents rusting but may not provide sufficient amounts of Fe and strong educational campaigns may be required to maximize use. The distribution of stainless steel pots in refugee contexts is not recommended as a strategy to control Fe deficiency.
LOCALLY PRIMITIVE GRAPHS OF PRIME-POWER ORDER
Authors: LI CAI HENG , PAN JIANGMIN , MA LI 
Published: April 2009

AbstractLet Γ be a finite connected undirected vertex transitive locally primitive graph of prime-power order. It is shown that either Γ is a normal Cayley graph of a 2-group, or Γ is a normal cover of a complete graph, a complete bipartite graph, or Σ×l, where Σ=Kpm with p prime or Σ is the Schläfli graph (of order 27). In particular, either Γ is a Cayley graph, or Γ is a normal cover of a complete bipartite graph.
Cyclin E correlates with manganese superoxide dismutase expression and predicts survival in early breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant epirubicin‐based chemotherapy
Authors: Sgambato Alessandro , Camerini Andrea , Collecchi Paola , Graziani Cristina , Bevilacqua Generoso , Capodanno Alessandra , Migaldi Mario , Masciullo Valeria , Scambia Giovanni , Rossi Giulio , Cittadini Achille , Amoroso Domenico 
Published: April 2009

Anthracycline‐based chemotherapy represents a milestone in the treatment of breast cancer. We previously demonstrated in an in vitro model that cyclin E overexpression is associated with increased expression of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and resistance to doxorubicin. In the present study, immunohistochemical expression of cyclin E and MnSOD was evaluated in 134 early breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant epirubicin‐based chemotherapy regimens containing epirubicin. Both parameters were correlated with the available clinicopathological parameters and with the outcome of patients. Overexpression of cyclin E and MnSOD was detected in 46 (34.3%) and 56 (41.8%) patients, respectively, and expression levels of the two proteins were related. Disease‐free and alive patients displayed a lower mean percentage of cyclin E‐expressing cells than relapsed and dead patients, respectively. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis demonstrated a significant separation between high versus low cyclin E‐expressing tumors in terms of overall survival (P = 0.038 by log‐rank). Similar results were obtained considering the subset of node‐negative patients separately. No significant relationship with patient outcome was observed for MnSOD expression levels. At multivariate analysis cyclin E failed to demonstrate an independent prognostic value. In conclusion, the results of the present study support previous evidence that increased cyclin E expression is associated with higher MnSOD expression levels and poorer outcome, at least as evaluated in terms of overall survival. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the usefulness of cyclin E as a prognostic marker to identify breast cancer patients at higher risk of death from the disease when treated with adjuvant anthracycline‐based therapy. (Cancer Sci 2009; 100: 1026–1033)
Strong effects of heterosis on the evolution of dispersal rates
Authors: ROZE D. , ROUSSET F. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWhen dispersal is limited, crosses between different regions may generate progeny of higher fitness than crosses within regions, due to the fact that individuals from the same region are more likely to share the same recessive deleterious alleles. This phenomenon (termed heterosis) generates a selective force favouring dispersal; however, the importance of heterosis on dispersal evolution has been a subject for debate. In this paper, we use computer simulations representing deleterious mutations occurring over a whole genome (of arbitrary map lengthR) to explore the magnitude of heterosis, and its effect on the evolution of dispersal. These results show that heterosis may have important effects on dispersal when it is in the upper range of values observed in natural populations, which occurs in our simulations when the genomic deleterious mutation rateUis also in the upper range of observed values. Comparing the results with extrapolations from an analytical two‐locus model indicates that the effect of heterosis is mainly driven by pairwise associations between the locus affecting dispersal and selected loci whenUis not too high (roughly,U < 0.5), whereas higher order associations become important for higher values ofU.
Teaching anaesthetic nurses optimal force for effective cricoid pressure: a literature review
Authors: Parry Andrew 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAims and Objectives:  This literature review explores the role of force and education in cricoid pressure, an essential aspect of practice for any nurse within a critical care environment.Background:  Cricoid pressure is utilized in everyday practice during rapid sequence induction (RSI) of anaesthesia. The purpose of cricoid pressure is to occlude the oesophagus in order to reduce the risk of acid aspiration during emergency induction of anaesthesia. The importance of best practice cannot be overstated because of high rates of mortality following acid aspiration.Methods:  Literature searches were conducted using the key words cricoid pressure, Sellick manoeuvre, rapid sequence induction and acid aspiration syndrome. Articles were obtained from online searches, with literature published in the last 10 years being used; some seminal literature and textbooks were incorporated for definition purposes.Results:  The literature displayed a disparity in practice and differing opinions on the optimal force to occlude the oesophagus. The role of education in correct application of cricoid pressure was explored, with unanimous conclusions that education plays a role in ensuring best practice.Conclusions:  Forces of 20–30 N are adequate to occlude the oesophagus and minimize the risk of acid aspiration. However, it is difficult for practitioners to accurately estimate this force in everyday practice. Various methods of assessing force were discussed, with the use of a 50‐mL syringe suggested as a cost‐effective and simple method to utilize in practice.Relevance to clinical practice:  The literature review demonstrated that the subject of cricoid pressure is relevant in critical care practice in order to ensure patient safety during RSI. Thus, all critical care nurses have a duty to gain a working knowledge on the subject if patient safety is to be maintained. This paper provides a source of information on cricoid pressure and realistic methods of maintaining best practice.
Safety of Long‐Term Propafenone Therapy for Cardiac Arrhythmia ‐ Experience with 774 Patients
Authors: RAVID SHMUEL , PODRID PHILIP J. , NOVRIT BEVERLY 
Published: April 2009

Long term propafenone therapy was initiated in 774 patients who were evaluated at 27 centers in the United States. The average duration of therapy was 183 days. During the treatment period, at least one toxic side effect occurred in 448 patients (58%). The most common reported adverse reactions were cardiovascular in 209 patients (27%), central nervous system in 160 patients (21%), and gastrointestinal in 159 patients (21%). Of those with cardiovascular side effects, 41 (5.3%) had aggravation of arrhythmia, 26 (3.4%) had the induction or worsening of congestive heart failure, and 65 (8.4%) had new conduction abnormalities. Although side effects were frequent, drug discontinuation due to the adverse reaction was necessary in only 114 patients (14.7%). The majority of side effects were dose related especially when 900 mg/day was administered. Additionally, the incidence of toxicity was directly related to age.We conclude that side effects are frequent during long‐term propafenone therapy, but most are mild, dose related, and do not limit the use of the drug. Drug discontinuation because of an adverse reaction is only infrequently required. It is recommended that drug therapy begin with low doses (150 mg t.i.d) with careful and slow titration up to a maximum of 900 mg/day.
Detection of unknown deletions in β‐globin gene cluster using relative quantitative PCR methods
Authors: Babashah Sadegh , Jamali Somayeh , Mahdian Reza , Nosaeid Mina Hayat , Karimipoor Morteza , Alimohammadi Raheleh , Raeisi Marzieh , Maryami Fereshteh , Masoudifar Mahboubeh , Zeinali Sirous 
Published: April 2009

Abstractβ‐Thalassemia is mainly caused by mutations involving single base substitution and small deletions. However, a considerable number of carriers are suspected to have large deletions in β‐globin gene cluster. Common strategy for identifying deletions with definite breakpoints is based on Gap PCR. There are, however, some cases with indefinite breakpoints which usually cannot be detected by this method. We developed and optimized a quantitative real‐time PCR assay for copy number analysis of β‐globin gene cluster. The copy number of target fragments (i.e. β, δ or Gγ‐globin genes) was determined using comparative threshold cycle method. In addition, gene dosage was analyzed using multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) method in all suspected carriers. Using these relative quantitative assays, normal or carrier statuses of all 26 unknown samples were successfully determined according to the ranges obtained from the ratios of normal and definite carrier samples. Interestingly, large deletions involving the entire β‐globin gene cluster were observed in six carrier individuals. This study showed that the MLPA as a preliminary screening test can be followed by SYBR Green real‐time PCR for analysis of copy number variations in β‐globin gene cluster. Combination of these relative quantitative PCR methods could be an appropriate approach for accurate diagnosis of unknown β‐thalassemia deletions in routine diagnosis of β‐thalassemia mutations.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Abnormal Pattern of Lymphocyte Subpopulations in the Endometrium of Infertile Women with Chronic Endometritis
Authors: Matteo Maria , Cicinelli Ettore , Greco Pantaleo , Massenzio Francesca , Baldini Domenico , Falagario Teresa , Rosenberg Piergiorgio , Castellana Laura , Specchia Giorgina , Liso Arcangelo 
Published: April 2009

Problem  Endometrial lymphocytes play a critical role in endometrial receptivity. This study aimed at evaluating the variations induced by chronic endometritis (CE) on endometrial lymphocyte subsets. We compared the results in infertile women diagnosed with CE with those in unexplained infertile women without any sign of CE.Method of study  Twenty‐three women referring for unexplained infertility had hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy in the follicular phase; in nine women, CE was diagnosed (group CE+), while in 14 it was not (group CE−). All patients in the late secretory phase of the subsequent cycle underwent endometrial biopsy. By flow cytometry, the percentage and phenotype of the endometrial lymphocyte subpopulations were analyzed.Results  The secretory endometrium of patients with CE displayed significantly lower percentage of CD56+ CD16− and of CD56bright CD16− cells (47.8% ± 18.6 and 30.1% ± 20.5 versus 79.5% ± 3.9 and 67.3% ± 8.1, respectively; P < 0.01) as compared with group CE(−), while the percentage of CD3+ cells was significantly higher (25% ± 12.2 versus 10.5 ± 5; P < 0.01).Conclusion  Infertile women with CE showed an abnormal percentage of endometrial lymphocyte subsets compared with unexplained infertile women suggesting that different mechanisms underlie the adverse pregnancy outcome of the two groups of patients.
Genetic Associations of 115 Polymorphisms with Cancers of the Upper Aerodigestive Tract across 10 European Countries: The ARCAGE Project
Authors: Canova Cristina , Hashibe Mia , Simonato Lorenzo , Nelis Mari , Metspalu Andres , Lagiou Pagona , Trichopoulos Dimitrios , Ahrens Wolfgang , Pigeot Iris , Merletti Franco , Richiardi Lorenzo , Talamini Renato , Barzan Luigi , Macfarlane Gary J. , Macfarlane Tatiana V. , Holcátová Ivana , Bencko Vladimir , Benhamou Simone , Bouchardy Christine , Kjaerheim Kristina , Lowry Ray , Agudo Antonio , Castellsagué Xavier , Conway David I. , McKinney Patricia A. , Znaor Ariana , McCartan Bernard E. , Healy Claire M. , Marron Manuela , Brennan Paul 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) include malignant tumors of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, and esophagus and account for 6.4% of all new cancers in Europe. In the context of a multicenter case-control study conducted in 14 centers within 10 European countries and comprising 1,511 cases and 1,457 controls (ARCAGE study), 115 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) from 62 a priori–selected genes were studied in relation to UADT cancer. We found 11 SNPs that were statistically associated with UADT cancers overall (5.75 expected). Considering the possibility of false-positive results, we focused on SNPs in CYP2A6, MDM2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and gene amplified in squamous cell carcinoma 1 (GASC1), for which low P values for trend (P trend &lt; 0.01) were observed in the main effects analyses of UADT cancer overall or by subsite. The rare variant of CYP2A6 −47A&gt;C (rs28399433), a phase I metabolism gene, was associated with reduced UADT cancer risk (P trend = 0.01). Three SNPs in the MDM2 gene, involved in cell cycle control, were associated with UADT cancer. MDM2 IVS5+1285A&gt;G (rs3730536) showed a strong codominant effect (P trend = 0.007). The rare variants of two SNPs in the TNF gene were associated with a decreased risk; for TNF IVS1+123G&gt;A (rs1800610), the P trend was 0.007. Variants in two SNPs of GASC1 were found to be strongly associated with increased UADT cancer risk (for both, P trend = 0.008). This study is the largest genetic epidemiologic study on UADT cancers in Europe. Our analysis points to potentially relevant genes in various pathways. [Cancer Res 2009;69(7):2956–65]