bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From slenderness to robustness: Understanding long bone shape in sigmodontine rodents
Authors: Tulli María José , Carrizo Luz Valeria 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe morphological evolution of the appendicular skeleton may reflect the selective pressures specific to different environments, phylogenetic inheritance, or allometry. Covariation in bone shapes enhances morphological integration in response to ecological specializations. In contrast to previous multivariate studies using classical linear morphometry, we use a geometric morphometric approach to explore the morphological diversity of long bones and examine relationships between ecological categories and morphological characters in a species‐rich and ecomorphologically diverse group of rodents. We examined the humerus, ulna, femur, and tibiofibula of 19 sigmodontine species with different locomotor types (ambulatory, quadrupedal‐saltatorial, natatorial, semifossorial and scansorial) to investigate the influence of locomotor type and phylogeny on limb bone shape and morphological integration of the appendicular skeleton. This study represents the most detailed examination of the morphological diversity of long bones in sigmodontines, employing geometric morphometrics within an ecomorphological framework. Our results indicate that functional demands and evolutionary history jointly influence the shape of forelimb and hindlimb bones. The main variation in bone shape is associated with a slenderness‐robustness gradient observed across all ecological categories. Quadrupedal‐saltatorial species, with their need for agility, possess slender and elongated limbs, while natatorial and semifossorial species exhibit shorter and more robust bone shapes, suited for their respective environments. This gradient also influences bone covariation within limbs, demonstrating interconnectedness between elements. We found functional covariation between the ulna‐tibiofibula and humerus‐tibiofibula, likely important for propulsion, and anatomical covariation between the humerus‐ulna and femur‐tibiofibula, potentially reflecting overall limb structure. This study demonstrates that the versatile morphology of long bones in sigmodontines plays a critical role in their remarkable ecological and phylogenetic diversification.
Eco‐friendly approaches to 1,3,4‐oxadiazole derivatives: A comprehensive review of green synthetic strategies
Authors: Shah Drashti , Patel Ashish 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis review article offers an environmentally benign synthesis of 1,3,4‐oxadiazole derivatives, with a focus on sustainable methodologies that have minimal impact on the environment. These derivatives, known for their diverse applications, have conventionally been associated with synthesis methods that utilize hazardous reagents and produce significant waste, thereby raising environmental concerns. The green synthesis of 1,3,4‐oxadiazole derivatives employs renewable substrates, nontoxic catalysts, and mild reaction conditions, aiming to minimize the environmental impact. Innovative techniques such as catalyst‐based, catalyst‐free, electrochemical synthesis, green‐solvent‐mediated synthesis, grinding, microwave‐mediated synthesis, and photosynthesis are implemented, providing benefits in terms of scalability, cost‐effectiveness, and ease of purification. This review emphasizes the significance of sustainable methodologies in the synthesis of 1,3,4‐oxadiazole and boots for continued exploration in this research domain.
High‐Efficiency Photocatalytic Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol by NH2‐UiO‐66‐(Indole‐2,3‐Dione)‐Fe
Authors: Li Meiling , Zhao Yingzhe , Yang Yisen , Zhang Renjie , Wang Yanyue , Teng Yunan , Su Zhuizhui , Zhang Jianling 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe photocatalytic oxidation of biomass‐derived benzyl alcohol provides a promising way for the synthesis of benzoic acid, which is an important intermediate with wide applications. To improve the efficiency of photocatalytic benzyl alcohol oxidation to benzoic acid is of great interest. In this work, we propose the utilization of NH2‐UiO‐66‐ID‐Fe catalyst for photocatalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzoic acid, where NH2‐UiO‐66 is a typically used metal‐organic framework, ID is indole‐2,3‐dione (ID) that has biocompatibility, light absorption property and can be covalently combined with amino‐functionalized substances. The NH2‐UiO‐66‐ID‐Fe catalyst exhibits improved light absorption and photo‐generated electron‐hole separation ability compared with NH2‐UiO‐66. The photocatalytic performance of NH2‐UiO‐66‐ID‐Fe was examined for the oxidation of bio‐based benzyl alcohol under mild conditions of air atmosphere, room temperature and no additive or additional oxidant involved. The results show that the conversion of benzyl alcohol and the selectivity to benzoic acid could both reach over 99 % in 6 h, and the generation rate of benzoic acid per gram of catalyst is 3.36 mmol g−1 h−1. The reaction mechanism was detected by radical trapping method and in situ electron paramagnetic resonance. This study presents an efficient and environmentally benign avenue for the synthesis of carboxylic acid compounds.
Hydrogen production from woody biomass gasification: a techno‐economic analysis
Authors: Gubin Veronica , Benedikt Florian , Thelen Ferdinand , Hammerschmid Martin , Popov Tom , Hofbauer Hermann , Müller Stefan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractReductions in greenhouse gas emissions are necessary to slow global warming and decrease the likelihood of irreversible climate scenarios. There is thus an urgent need for low‐emissions fuels. This study conducted a techno‐economic analysis of two different industrial plant concepts for producing hydrogen from woody biomass. One was a large‐scale centralized 60 MWH2 option using dual fluidized bed gasification with CO2 removal. The other was a small‐scale decentralized 1 MWH2 option using fixed‐bed gasification without CO2 removal. Mass and energy balances were calculated by the process simulation software IPSEpro. Key performance indicators, including technical, economic, and environmental parameters, were derived. Overall energy efficiencies of 64.2 and 59.5% and hydrogen yields of 87 and 68 gH2 kg−1BM.db were determined for hydrogen production by dual fluidized bed and fixed‐bed gasification, respectively. The levelized costs of hydrogen amounted to 5.6 and 15.0 €2022 kg−1H2 and agreed quite well with values from the literature. Flexible and decentralized heat, electricity, and hydrogen production based on fixed‐bed gasification within a multiproduct plant were also evaluated. The results show that the multiproduct plant could be economically feasible if at least 63% of the annual operating hours were dedicated to hydrogen production, and assuming a hydrogen selling price of 17.5 €2022 kg−1H2 in Austria. In conclusion, both of the processes that were evaluated are conceivable technologies for the transition of the energy system towards renewable energy sources from a technical and economic point of view, although small‐scale hydrogen production is considerably more expensive.
An optimised Cell for in situ XAS of Gas Diffusion Electrocatalyst Electrodes
Authors: Sherwin Connor , Celorrio Veronica , Podbevsek Ursa , Rigg Katie , Hodges Toby , Ibraliu Armando , Telfer Abbey J. , McLeod Lucy , Difilippo Alessandro , Corbos Elena C. , Zalitis Chris , Russell Andrea E. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe quality of in situ XAS of electrochemical systems is highly sensitive to electrode disturbances, such as gas evolution and gas consumption at an electrolyte/catalyst interface. A novel in situ spectro‐electrochemical X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (SPEC‐XAS) cell is presented as a new tool for the characterisation of gas evolving and consuming electrocatalysts at high overpotentials. By utilising a thin, porous membrane with efficient electrolyte and gas circulating loops, an improved three phase interface is established that enabled efficient gas supply and minimised the interference from bubble formation. X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements were conducted in fluorescence mode with three experiments selected to demonstrate the cell's performance. The first two reactions; an in‐situ study of a highly active amorphous iridium oxide catalyst during the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and an in‐situ study of copper oxide during the carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) are used to exemplify the XAS data quality achieved under operational conditions. Thirdly, a detailed XAS investigation of a highly dispersed platinum catalyst during the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is presented, along with comparative data in nitrogen. These measurements show the retention of oxygen on the surface of the platinum metal particles down to 0.48 V (vs. RHE), well below the platinum oxide reduction peak.
Comparative Study of Thermodynamic Performances: Ammonia vs. Methanol SOFC for Marine Vessels
Authors: Duong Phan Anh , Ryu Bo Rim , Nam Tran The , Lee Yoon Hyeok , Jung Jinwon , Lee Jin‐Kwang , Kang Hokeun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn response to escalating environmental concerns and the imperative to institute effective energy management strategies, the pursuit of alternative fuels has emerged as a pivotal endeavor for realizing sustainable energy solutions. Methanol and ammonia have surfaced as particularly promising and environmentally friendly liquid fuels, holding significant potential for aiding in the attainment of decarbonization objectives and addressing global energy requirements. This research proposes and scrutinizes a sophisticated cogeneration system integrating solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), gas turbine (GT), steam Rankine cycle, and organic Rankine cycle. Direct utilization of ammonia and methanol as fuel in this intricate system is examined, with the design and modeling facilitated through the utilization of Aspen HYSYS V.12.1. The thermodynamic performance of the proposed system is rigorously assessed by employing the foundational principles of the first and second laws of thermodynamics. The direct SOFCs fueled by ammonia and methanol exhibit notable energy efficiencies of 64.25 % and 58.42 %, respectively. Remarkably, the amalgamated systems showcase heightened energy efficiencies, witnessing a commendable increase of 12.64 % and 10.66 % when powered by ammonia and methanol, respectively, as compared to individual SOFC systems. Examination of exergy destruction reveals the SOFC as the principal contributor, with electrochemical and chemical processes constituting the primary sources of irreversibility. Additionally, explicit values for exergy destruction in the GT, afterburner, and heat exchanger components are provided. A comprehensive parametric study underscores the pivotal role of the fuel utilization factor (Uf), identifying a value of 0.85 as optimal and significantly augmenting the thermodynamic efficiency of the system. This analysis not only substantiates the potential of ammonia and methanol as effective carriers for hydrogen but also underscores the efficacy of waste heat recovery as a viable strategy for enhancing the overall thermodynamic performance of an SOFC system. The findings presented herein contribute valuable insights, paving the way for the strategic utilization of alternative fuels and cogeneration systems in the broader context of sustainable and environmentally conscious energy solutions.
Bushy‐Tailed QACs: The Development of Multicationic Quaternary Ammonium Compounds with a High Degree of Alkyl Chain Substitution
Authors: Toles Zachary E. A. , Thierer Laura M. , Wu Alice , Bezold Elise L. , Rachii Diana , Sanchez Christian A. , Vargas‐Cuebas Germán G. , Keller Taylor M. , Carroll Patrick J. , Wuest William M. , Minbiole Kevin P. C. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractQuaternary ammonium compounds have served as a first line of protection for human health as surface disinfectants and sanitizers for nearly a century. However, increasing levels of bacterial resistance have spurred the development of novel QAC architectures. In light of the observed reduction in eukaryotic cell toxicity when the alkyl chains on QACs are shorter in nature (≤10 C), we prepared 47 QAC architectures that bear multiple short alkyl chains appended to up to three cationic groups, thus rendering them “bushy‐tailed” multiQACs. Antibacterial activity was strong (often ~1–4 μM) in a varied set of bushy‐tailed architectures, though observed therapeutic indices were not significantly improved over QAC structures bearing fewer and longer alkyl chains.
Rapid Electrophilic 211At‐Astatination of Trimethylgermyl Arenes
Authors: Müller Marius , Battisti Umberto Maria , Zabrocki Merlin , Hansson Ellinor , Jensen Holger , Aneheim Emma , Lindegren Sture , Herth Matthias Manfred 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA set of 211At‐astatoarenes were synthesized from corresponding trimethylgermyl arenes with an average radiochemical conversion (RCC) of ca. 50 % for electron‐rich and approx. 70 % in case of electron‐deficient arenes. Both electron rich and electron poor substrates were successfully radiolabeled at room temperature (RT) using relatively low precursor amounts (0.15 μmol/0.02 mL solvent (7.5 mM)). Ready access to ortho‐, para‐ and meta‐ astatinated arenes was achievable. Optimized reaction conditions were successfully applied to label a poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor with a RCC of approx. 50 %. We believe that trimethylgermyl derivatives are a viable addition to the astatination precursor toolbox and facilitate astatination of arenes. The developed labeling method should easily be applicable for productions under good manufacturing practice (GMP).
Creating value by corporate anti‐corruption models: An empirical analysis in the Italian scenario
Authors: Trequattrini Raffaele , Nappo Fabio , Cuozzo Benedetta , Manzari Alberto 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper aims to identify the main issues and drivers of sustainable corporate governance to prevent corruption and increase companies' profitability by drafting corporate organizational models, highlighting exploratory evidence from the corporate sample. This document is based on two phases. First, the analysis aims to understand any link between adopting an organization, management, and control model according to Legislative Decree 8 June 2001, no.—231 and company performance. The survey concerned a sample of companies operating in the construction sector. We have therefore tried to demonstrate whether the companies in possession of the so‐called “231 model” present higher profitability than the same companies in the industry, which, on the contrary, have decided not to adopt this model. Second, the content analysis research method is applied to the corporate organizational models that have adhered to drafting the documents on the sample of companies. It was investigated whether companies operating in the construction sector, which adopt an organizational model, have higher performances than companies which do not adopt an organizational model in line with the Italian Legislative Decree 231 and whether there is a correlation between the adoption of a “complete” organizational model in line with Italian Legislative Decree 231 and company performance. This paper proposes the analysis of the sustainable compliance models of Italian companies to prevent corruption and profitability in their corporate governance and the path for future research on the topic.
Extracranial metastasis from a frontal embryonal tumor to the parotid: Cytomorphologic features of a rare occurrence
Authors: Gupta Anjali , Gupta Parikshaa , Chatterjee Debajyoti , Gupta Nalini , Bhatia Vikas 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEmbryonal tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) are rare and aggressive malignancies accounting for less than 1% of all central nervous system tumors. The occurrence of metastasis to extracranial sites, especially the parotid region, is highly uncommon. We present a rare case of metastatic frontal embryonal tumor (ET) in the parotid region. A 9‐year‐old boy presented with a progressively enlarging left parotid mass. Past history revealed that he was a known case of a frontal lobe embryonal tumor. Fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) combined with immunocytochemistry from the parotid revealed a metastatic embryonal tumor. This case report highlights the importance of considering metastatic tumors in evaluating parotid masses, even in pediatric patients, and emphasizes the diagnostic potential of FNAC in diagnosing such rare and unusual tumors for prompt and appropriate patient management.
THADA‐IGF2BP3 gene fusions in thyroid fine needle aspiration is involved in the pathway to “noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary‐like nuclear features”
Authors: Zand Amanda , Kim Teresa H. , Rodriguez Erika F. , Moatamed Neda A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe increased usage and adaptation of molecular testing of thyroid fine needle aspirations (FNA) has expanded the variety and number of gene fusions identified. While the identified number of molecular alterations is increasing, the definitive association between preoperative molecular analysis and phenotype has yet to be established. The aim of this study was to examine Thyroid adenoma‐associated (THADA)‐IGF2BP3 molecular fusions with FNA categorization, surgical pathology diagnosis, and other molecular alterations detected by ThyroSeq Genomic Classifier testing.MethodsFNA cytology samples of thyroid nodules from 04/2017 to 01/2023 with the diagnosis of atypia of undetermined significance or follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS; Bethesda III) or follicular neoplasm suspicious for follicular neoplasm (FN/SFN; Bethesda IV) with associated ThyroSeqV3 testing were reviewed. Parameters including patient demographics, FNA diagnosis, ThyroSeq V3 results, and surgical pathology follow up were examined.Results87 out of 249 (35%) FNA specimens of thyroid nodules displayed molecular alterations. 64 cases (74%) had a cytology diagnosis of AUS and 23 (26%) had FN. RAS mutation was observed in 48 cases. On surgical follow‐up, 17 (35%) cases showed non‐invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary‐like nuclear features (NIFTP), while 14 (29%) patients had a malignant diagnosis. THADA‐IGF2BP3 fusions were seen in 8 cases, all with NIFTP on surgical pathology follow‐up (100%).ConclusionsAnalysis of THADA‐IGF2BP3 fusion, in our institutional series, shows close association with NIFTP cases. THADA‐IGF2BP3 fusion, which seems to be a favorable prognostic indicator in general, may serve as a molecular marker for non‐invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary‐like nuclear features (NIFTP).
HbA1c and the risk of developing peripheral neuropathy in childhood‐onset type 1 diabetes: A follow‐up study over 3 decades
Authors: Baldimtsi Evangelia , Amezcua Salvador , Ulander Martin , Hyllienmark Lars , Olausson Håkan , Ludvigsson Johnny , Wahlberg Jeanette 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimsWe have evaluated long‐term weighted mean HbA1c (wHbA1c), HbA1c variability, diabetes duration, and lipid profiles in relation to the development of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), nephropathy, and retinopathy in childhood‐onset type 1 diabetes.Materials and MethodsIn a longitudinal cohort study, 49 patients (21 women) with childhood‐onset type 1 diabetes were investigated with neurophysiological measurements, blood tests, and clinical examinations after a diabetes duration of 7.7 (±3.3) years (baseline) and followed with repeated examinations for 30.6 (±5.2) years. We calculated wHbA1c by integrating the area under all HbA1c values since the diabetes diagnosis. Lipid profiles were analysed in relation to the presence of DPN. Long‐term fluctuations of HbA1c variability were computed as the standard deviation of all HbA1c measurements. Data regarding the presence of other diabetes complications were retrieved from medical records.ResultsIn this follow‐up study, 51% (25/49) of the patients fulfilled electrophysiological criteria for DPN. In nerve conduction studies, there was a deterioration in the amplitudes and conduction velocities for the median, peroneal, and sural nerves over time. Patients with DPN had a longer duration of diabetes, higher wHbA1c, and increased HbA1c variability. The lowest wHbA1c value associated with the development of DPN was 62 mmol/mol (7.8%). The presence of albuminuria and retinopathy was positively correlated with the presence of neuropathy.ConclusionsMore than half of the patients had developed DPN after 30 years. None of the patients who developed DPN had a wHbA1c of less than 62 mmol/mol (7.8%).
What determines how governance indicators shape policy processes? Evidence from three environmental issues in India
Authors: Guin Pradeep , Rajeshwari B. , Mahajan Bhavayta 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGovernance indicators influence and shape policy processes. The need for exploring how governance indicators lead to efficient policy responses is a long‐drawn debate in the field of policy studies. While existing literature is mostly from developed world, there is a dearth of empirical evidence from developing countries like India. As cities continue to remain the fulcrum of economic growth despite the much‐argued development model practised across India, it remains to be seen how governance indicators determine policy processes in cities. Adapting United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific's (UNESCAP's) module on eight governance indicators we studied the policy process of three diverse climate change‐linked environmental issues ‐ air pollution, dengue, and extreme heat, from three urban Indian metropolis ‐ Delhi, Kolkata, and Ahmedabad, respectively. We used a semi‐structured questionnaire to interview 33 stakeholders. We coded interview findings and formulated a color‐coded matrix to highlight the importance of governance indicators by environmental issues. Transparency, accountability and participation played an important role in shaping policy processes. The importance of other governance indicators varied due to diversity in administrative structures across three cities. Our study's findings highlight a complex relationship between governance indicators and policy processes linked to the environmental issues. Our study shows that the relevance of governance indicators in shaping policies around environmental issues is determined by the nature of the environmental issue and the structure of governance. In addition, our study adds four new indicators, governance structures, capacity building, informality, and gender‐inclusivity, which influence policy processes.