bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraseasonal variability of the West African monsoon
Authors: Janicot S. , Caniaux G. , Chauvin F. , de Coëtlogon G. , Fontaine B. , Hall N. , Kiladis G. , Lafore J.‐P. , Lavaysse C. , Lavender S. L. , Leroux S. , Marteau R. , Mounier F. , Philippon N. , Roehrig R. , Sultan B. , Taylor C. M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe intraseasonal time scale is critical in West Africa where resources are highly rainfall dependent. Three main modes of variability have been identified, two with a mean periodicity of 15 days and one with a mean periodicity around 40 days. These modes have a regional scale and can strongly influence precipitation and convective activity. They are mainly controlled by atmospheric dynamics and land–surface interactions. They can also modulate the very specific phase of the African summer monsoon onset. A better knowledge of the mechanisms controlling this scale is necessary to improve its predictability. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
The unusual Buenos Aires snowfall of July 2007
Authors: Pezza Alexandre Bernardes , Simmonds Ian , Coelho Caio A. S. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBuenos Aires lies near the east coast of South America at about 34°S where snow is extremely rare. The only events measured in the city had occurred before 1930. The high latitude causes of the widespread snowstorm of 9th July 2007 are discussed, making it an extraordinary case in light of the historical record. Here, we show that this event can be linked to unprecedented seasonal circulation anomalies in the sub‐Antarctic, featuring a dipole around the Antarctic Peninsula that drives the cold advection toward mid‐latitudes. Our index suggests that conditions have become more favorable for cold surges over mid‐latitudes with a repetition of widespread snow over mid‐latitudes in 2009. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Effect of static magnetic fields on the budding of yeast cells
Authors: Egami Shigeki , Naruse Yujiro , Watarai Hitoshi 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe effect of static magnetic fields on the budding of single yeast cells was investigated using a magnetic circuit that was capable of generating a strong magnetic field (2.93 T) and gradient (6100 T2 m−1). Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells were grown in an aqueous YPD agar in a silica capillary under either a homogeneous or inhomogeneous static magnetic field. Although the size of budding yeast cells was only slightly affected by the magnetic fields after 4 h, the budding angle was clearly affected by the direction of the homogeneous and inhomogeneous magnetic fields. In the homogeneous magnetic field, the budding direction of daughter yeast cells was mainly oriented in the direction of magnetic field B. However, when subjected to the inhomogeneous magnetic field, the daughter yeast cells tended to bud along the axis of capillary flow in regions where the magnetic gradient, estimated by B(dB/dx), were high. Based on the present experimental results, the possible mechanism for the magnetic effect on the budding direction of daughter yeast cells is theoretically discussed. Bioelectromagnetics 31:622–629, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: New Frequency Doubling Compounds: K4Ln2(CO3)3F4 (Ln: Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Eu); Crystal Structure and Characterization.
Authors: MERCIER N. , LEBLANC M. , DURAND J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring Transformation of 2‐Isoxazoline 2‐Oxides by Lewis Acids
Authors: HARADA K. , KAJI E. , TAKAHASHI K. , ZEN S. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Electron‐Releasing Carbonyl Group. Part 2. Spectroscopic Detection and Synthetic Applications
Authors: VOGEL P. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Thiiranium and Thiirenium Ions. From Reaction Intermediates to Building Blocks in Organic Synthesis
Authors: LUCCHINI V. , MODENA G. , PASQUATO L. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A (Critical) Survey of Modeling Protocols Used to Explore the Conformational Space of Oligosaccharides
Authors: VON DER LIETH C.‐W. , KOZAR T. , HULL W. E. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3‐Dimethylpyrimidoheterocycles as Antibacterial Agents.
Authors: ZOOROB H. H. , ELZAHAB M. A. , ABDEL‐MOGIB M. , ISMAIL M. A. , ABDEL‐HAMID M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring Opening in the Palladium‐Catalyzed Hydrocarbonation of Methylenecyclopropanes with Pronucleophiles.
Authors: TSUKUDA N. , SHIBUYA A. , NAKAMURA I. , YAMAMOTO Y. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Controlled Racemization of Optically Active Organic Compounds: Prospects for Asymmetric Transformation
Authors: EBBERS E. J. , ARIAANS G. J. A. , HOUBIERS J. P. M. , BRUGGINK A. , ZWANENBURG B. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Peptidomimetic Building Blocks for Drug Design
Authors: GOODMAN M. , ZHANG J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cellular Immune Recognition and the Biological Role of Major Transplantation Antigens (Nobel Lecture)
Authors: ZINKERNAGEL R. M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Pulsed‐Field Gradient Nuclear Magnetic Resonance as a Tool for Studying Translational Diffusion. Part 1. Basic Theory
Authors: PRICE W. S. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Total Synthesis of (‐)‐ and (+)‐Chuangxinmycins.
Authors: KATO K. , ONO M. , AKITA H. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Developments in Solid‐Liquid Extraction by Solvent‐Impregnated Resins
Authors: CORTINA J. L. , WARSHAWSKY A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Diamantoide. Chemie mit Nano‐Juwelen
Authors: Schwertfeger Hartmut , Schreiner Peter R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractZukunft der Diamontoide. Obwohl die Klasse der Diamantoide schon seit Jahrzehnten bekannt ist, hat die Renaissance dieser molekularen Nanodiamanten erst vor kurzem begonnen. Im letzten Jahrhundert gab es bereits eine Vielzahl an Forschungsarbeiten auf dem Gebiet des kleinsten Diamantoiden, dem Adamantan. Viele dieser Arbeiten führten bereits zu Anwendungen auf unterschiedlichen wissenschaftlichen Gebieten. Allerdings wurden die großen Geschwister des Adamantans (bis auf Diamantan und Triamantan) bislang überhaupt noch nicht chemisch untersucht. Die selektive Modifikation der höheren Diamantoide stellt eine beeindruckende Herausforderung für die organische Chemie dar, bietet aber auch eine große Chance auf neuartige Materialien mit einzigartigen Eigenschaften. Während andere nanoskalige Diamantmaterialien oftmals Probleme mit Größenverteilungen und Reinheit aufweisen, besitzen die Diamantoide klar definierte Strukturen und hohe Reinheit. Nur sieben Jahre nach der ersten Isolation von höheren Diamantoiden aus Rohöl können wir festhalten, dass die Forschung auf diesem Gebiet mit sehr großen Schritten voranschreitet.
Prediction of the Three‐Dimensional Structure for the Rat Urotensin II Receptor, and Comparison of the Antagonist Binding Sites and Binding Selectivity between Human and Rat Receptors from Atomistic Simulations
Authors: Kim Soo‐Kyung , Li Youyong , Park Changmoon , Abrol Ravinder , Goddard William A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractUrotensin‐II (U‐II) has been shown to be the most potent mammalian vasoconstrictor known. Thus, a U‐II antagonist might be of therapeutic value in a number of cardiovascular disorders. However, interspecies variability of several nonpeptidic ligands complicates the interpretation of in vivo studies of such antagonists in preclinical animal disease models. ACT058362 is a selective antagonist for the human U‐II receptor (hUT2R) with a reported Kd value of ∼4 nM in a molecular binding assay, but it is reported to bind weakly to rat UT2R (rUT2R), with a Kd value of ∼1 500 nM. In contrast, the arylsulphonamide SB706375 is a selective antagonist against both hUT2R (Kd=∼9 nM) and rUT2R (Kd=∼21 nM). To understand the species selectivity of the UT2R, we investigated the binding site of ACT058362 and SB706375 in both hUT2R and rUT2R to explain the dramatically lower (∼400‐fold) affinity of ACT058362 for rUT2R and the similar affinity (∼10 nM) of SB706375 for both UT2Rs. These studies used MembStruk and MSCDock to predict the UT2R structure and the binding site of ACT058362 and SB706375. Based on binding energies, we found two binding modes each with D1303.32 as the crucial anchoring point (Ballesteros–Weinstein numbering given in superscript). We predict that ACT058362 (an aryl–amine–aryl or ANA ligand) binds in the transmembrane (TM) 3456 region, while SB706375 (an aryl–aryl–amine or AAN ligand) binds in the TM 1237 region. These predicted sites explain the known differences in binding of the ANA ligand to rat and human receptors, while explaining the similar binding of the AAN compound to rat and human receptors. Moreover the predictions explain currently available structure–activity relationship (SAR) data. To further validate the predicted binding sites of these ligands in hUT2R and rUT2R, we propose several mutations that would help define the structural origins of differential responses between UT2R of different species, potentially indicating novel UT2R antagonists with cross‐species high affinity.
IL‐22‐producing CD4+ T cells: Middle‐men between the immune system and its environment
Authors: Trifari Sara , Spits Hergen 
Published: August 2010

AbstractCD4+ Th cell populations such as Th1, Th2, Th17 and regulatory T cells regulate immune responses by inducing (or inhibiting) proliferation, differentiation and activation of other immune cells. Recent findings have expanded the universe of CD4+ T‐cell subsets by identifying a cell population dedicated to the production of the cytokine IL‐22. These so‐called Th22 cells may mediate interactions of the immune system with stromal cells. Th22 cells have so far only been observed in humans and are present in inflamed tissues in some skin diseases and evidence suggests that these cells may play a role in the disease process. It is therefore of importance to learn the mechanisms of regulation of development and function of these cells. A paper in the current issue of the European Journal of Immunology indicates that the ligand‐dependent transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor is important for regulating IL‐22 production of this new class of human Th cells.
Optimization of the Abencor system to extract olive oil from irrigated orchards
Authors: Ben‐David Eric , Kerem Zohar , Zipori Isaac , Weissbein Sebastian , Basheer Loai , Bustan Amnon , Dag Arnon 
Published: August 2010

AbstractStudying the composition of olive oil requires cold‐press olive oil extraction. One of the most common laboratorial mills is the Abencor system. However, its operation protocol was formulated decades ago for Spanish olive varieties from traditionally rain‐fed orchards. We modified this protocol for use with “Barnea” and “Picual” olives from irrigated orchards that are characterized by high water content. Independent effects of malaxation time, temperature, water addition and talc addition on extraction efficiency, and major quality indices of virgin olive oil were studied. Overall, addition of talc to the fruit paste was the most significant treatment in terms of yield and quality of the oil although its effect was cultivar dependent. Improved oil yield was particularly significant for “Picual.” Extended malaxation time was also effective in improving oil extractability. Addition of talc generally improved oil‐quality parameters, while water addition had the opposite effect. Yet, quality parameters remained within the extra virgin level. Temperature increments reduced oil quality. The need to adapt a modified protocol for use with fruits from irrigated orchards that will facilitate critical comparison of results obtained from different agronomic theses and different laboratories is highlighted. It is recommended that each laboratory develops an appropriate protocol for the operation of the Abencor system in accordance to the characteristics of the olive fruit they are working with.Practical applications: Abencor system serves as the major laboratorial mill world‐wide. Those mills allow the researchers to characterize olive oil in accordance to the treatments received by the trees. This cannot be done in commercial mills. The system operation protocol was established decades ago for fruits from rain‐fed orchards. In the past decade there was a rapid increase in the use of irrigation in olive orchards and therefore it is crucial to optimize the operation protocol for fruit with relatively high water content. In the current work we have evaluated the influence of a series of technological parameters (i.e., talc and water addition, malaxation time, and temperature) on the extraction efficiency and quality indices of olive oil. This allowed us to present a modified protocol for the Abencor system operation suitable for olive fruit of irrigated orchards that will facilitate a reliable representation of the influence of different treatments on the yield and characteristics of the olive oil.
Oxidative Amidation of Activated Alkenes Using Pd(OAc)2 as a Catalyst Precursor
Authors: Liu Xinzhu , Hii King Kuok (Mimi) 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA new “chloride‐free” protocol was developed for oxidative amidation reactions between cyclic and acyclic amides and carbamates with activated olefins, conducted under Pd/Cu catalysis, using air as a terminal oxidant. The presence of TsOH is important for catalytic activity. The scope of the reaction includes the addition of primary amides, carbamates, as well as cyclic oxazolidinone and pyrrolidinone. The reactions are found to be sensitive to steric demand of the N‐nucleophile, and E‐selectivity can be achieved exclusively with cyclic N‐nucleophiles. The products can be easily hydrogenated to afford the saturated product in high yields.
Ethyl α‐Nitrocinnamates in the Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Isoxazoles
Authors: Chen Kuang‐Po , Chen Yu‐Jyun , Chuang Che‐Ping 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAn effective method for the synthesis of highly functionalized isoxazoles from readily available starting ethyl α‐nitrocinnamates has been developed. Ethyl α‐nitrocinnamates react smoothly with α‐nitro carbonyl compounds to produceisoxazoles in good yields. Michael addition of pyridinium ylides to ethyl α‐nitrocinnamates can also produce these isoxazoles effectively. These pyridinium salts can be generated in situ from the corresponding alkyl bromides. The one‐pot multicomponent process was also developed. Isoxazoles can be produced directly from readily available aromatic aldehydes, ethyl nitroacetate, and pyridinium salts.
Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Donor–Acceptor Dithienophospholes
Authors: Romero‐Nieto Carlos , Kamada Kenji , Cramb David T. , Merino Sonia , Rodríguez‐López Julián , Baumgartner Thomas 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe synthesis and detailed photophysical studies of a series of 2,6‐asymmetrically functionalized dithieno[3,2‐b:2′,3′‐d]phospholes are reported. One‐photon spectroscopy revealed that the materials show similar significant Stokes shifts supporting very polar excited intramolecular charge‐transfer (ICT) states. Investigation of their two‐photon absorption (TPA) behavior indicated that the materials are also valuable TPA chromophores with reasonable cross‐sections between 285–385 GM in the biologically relevant wavelength range 800–1100 nm. Moreover, the nonlinear optical features of the phosphole derivatives reported herein were found to remain almost unaltered after modification of the phosphorus center, either by oxidation and/or complexation.
A possible causal relationship between creep and sliding on Rwaza Hill, southern Rwanda
Authors: Moeyersons J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractStability calculations on a strongly creeping 28o slope on Rwaza Hill in Southern Rwanda reveal an apparent contradiction: terracette formation within the kaolinitic soil mantle should only be possible during hydrological conditions of high phreatic surfaces, for which the entire soil mantle should already have slid down in a translational sliding movement.This apparent contradiction can only be explained if it is accepted that the soil shear resistance can fall temporarily below the residual soil shear strength. A creep experiment confirms the theoretical possibility of this hypothesis. Furthermore, the configuration of the sliding surfaces in the field, consisting in fact of lenses of crumbled earth, shows close affinities with the pattern of potential ruptures in a creeping soil as provided by rheological theory.These data strongly suggest that, on natural slopes, creep should be the ultimate soil mechanical resason for sudden failures.
Nature of ergastic substances in some mediterranean angiospermous seeds — VI
Authors: Gill L. S. , Nyawuame H. G. K. , Aibangbee M. I. , Agho D. A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe ergastic substances of 394 temperate angiospermous seed samples belonging to 49 families have been investigated. Starch grains have been recorded in 24 taxa distributed in Acanthaceae (1), Caryophyllaceae (13), Chenopodiaceae (2), Primulaceae (2), Umbelliferae (4), Solanaceae (1) and Passifloraceae (1). Although there is no relationship between starch grain characteristics and phylogenetic position of the taxa investigated, the occurrence of starch grains is associated with herbaceous habit.Alkaloids, fats and oil, inulin, proteins and tannins are the other ergastic substances recorded during this study. The occurrence of these substances is rather sporadic. However, the complete lack of tannins in families like Apocynaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Campanulaceae, Convolvulaceae and Geraniaceae suggests that these families are phylogenetically more advanced than those with tannins.
Detrital zircon UPb ages, Hf isotopes and tectonic implications for Palaeozoic sedimentary rocks from the Xing‐Meng orogenic belt, middle‐east part of inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Li Dapeng , Chen Yuelong , Wang Zhong , Hou Kejun , Liu Changzheng 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe Xing‐Meng Orogenic Belt is the eastern extension of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt that marks the boundary between the North China Block and the Siberian Block. Studies of zircon UPb ages and Hf isotopic compositions show that four clastic sedimentary rock samples from different parts of the regional stratigraphic sequence were deposited at different ages, none earlier than Mid‐ or Early Silurian. Two sedimentary rocks were deposited during or after the Early Permian. Almost all zircons are of igneous origin. In Silurian and Devonian sediments, zircons show several modal age peaks, and in Permian sediments, zircons show a unimodal age peak. Based on the zircon age distribution of sedimentary rocks versus known ages from exposed rocks of the potential source regions, most of the zircons were derived from the Xing‐Meng Orogen itself. A few came from the South Mongolian microcontinent or the Siberia Block, but none came from the North China Block. The zircons of a biotite‐plagioclase paragneiss in Xilinhot have similar provenance to the sediments and were deposited during or after the Middle Devonian. Similarities between zircon age spectra and events in underlying rocks of sedimentary origin show that the sediments lie at their deposition site north of the Solonker suture zone because north‐dipping subduction and elevation blocked deposition of material from farther afield. Hf isotope compositions show the crustal accretion stages of the provenance areas during the Meso‐ to Neoarchaean, Palaeoproterozoic and Early and Late Palaeozoic. A two‐component mixing calculation based on Hf isotopes shows the large scale of the crustal accretion event of the region. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.