bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of ultra-high molecular weight homo- and copolymers via an ultrasonic emulsion process with a fast rate
Authors: Kalita Uddhab , Jafari Vianna F. , Ashokkumar Muthupandian , Singha Nikhil K. , Qiao Greg G. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the forefront of advanced materials, ultra-high molecular weight (UHMW) polymers, renowned for their outstanding mechanical properties, have found extensive applications across various domains. However, their production has encountered a significant challenge: the attainment of UHMW polymers with a low dispersity (Ɖ). Herein, we introduce the pioneering technique of ultrasound (US) initiated polymerization, which has garnered attention for its capability to successfully polymerize a multitude of monomers. This study showcases the synthesis of UHMW polymers with a comparatively low Ɖ ( ≤ 1.1) within a remarkably short duration ( ~ 15 min) through the amalgamation of emulsion polymerization and high-frequency ultrasound-initiated polymerization. Particularly noteworthy is the successful copolymerization of diverse monomers, surpassing the molecular weight and further narrowing the Ɖ compared to their respective homopolymers. Notably, this includes monomers like vinyl acetate, traditionally deemed unsuitable for controlled polymerization. The consistent production and uniform dispersion of radicals during ultrasonication have been identified as key factors facilitating the swift fabrication of UHMW polymers with exceptionally low Ɖ.
The choice of land-based climate change mitigation measures influences future global biodiversity loss
Authors: Hirata Akiko , Ohashi Haruka , Hasegawa Tomoko , Fujimori Shinichiro , Takahashi Kiyoshi , Tsuchiya Kazuaki , Matsui Tetsuya 
Published: May 2024

AbstractClimate mitigation is reported to benefit biodiversity globally. However, the impacts of mitigation measures based on large-scale land-use modifications can be concentrated in the regions where they are introduced, resulting in regional mismatches between mitigation efforts and biodiversity benefits. Here, we evaluated the impacts of large-scale deployment of bioenergy with carbon capture and storage and afforestation to attain the climate stabilization target stated by the Paris Agreement on global and regional biodiversity by using an integrated model framework. Our results highlight that climate mitigation efforts can benefit global biodiversity regardless of large-scale implementation of land-based mitigation measures. However, the negative impacts of mitigation measures on biodiversity are concentrated in regions with a higher contribution to land-use change and carbon sequestration. The results imply the need to consider the unequal regional distribution of benefits from climate mitigation, as well as mitigation options that avoid regional biodiversity loss by minimizing land-use change.
Ex vivo validation of magnetically actuated intravascular untethered robots in a clinical setting
Authors: Ligtenberg Leendert-Jan W. , Rabou Nicole C. A. , Goulas Constantinos , Duinmeijer Wytze C. , Halfwerk Frank R. , Arens Jutta , Lomme Roger , Magdanz Veronika , Klingner Anke , Klein Rot Emily A. M. , Nijland Colin H. E. , Wasserberg Dorothee , Liefers H. Remco , Jonkheijm Pascal , Susarrey-Arce Arturo , Warlé Michiel , Khalil Islam S. M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Intravascular surgical instruments require precise navigation within narrow vessels, necessitating maximum flexibility, minimal diameter, and high degrees of freedom. Existing tools often lack control during insertion due to undesirable bending, limiting vessel accessibility and risking tissue damage. Next-generation instruments aim to develop hemocompatible untethered devices controlled by external magnetic forces. Achieving this goal remains complex due to testing and implementation challenges in clinical environments. Here we assess the operational effectiveness of hemocompatible untethered magnetic robots using an ex vivo porcine aorta model. The results demonstrate a linear decrease in the swimming speed of untethered magnetic robots as arterial blood flow increases, with the capability to navigate against a maximum arterial flow rate of 67 mL/min. The untethered magnetic robots effectively demonstrate locomotion in a difficult-to-access target site, navigating through the abdominal aorta and reaching the distal end of the renal artery.
Family Resilience in Primary Caregivers of Children Who Are Deaf and Hard of Hearing
Authors: Kara Halide Cetin , Cogen Talha , Telci Fatma 
Published: May 2024

Purpose:
This study aimed to investigate family resilience—defined as the capacity of a family to harness its collective strengths and resources to recover from and adapt to significant adversities or crises effectively—in primary caregivers of children who are deaf and hard of hearing (cDHH) and its association with quality of life, life satisfaction, perceived social support, and loneliness.

Method:
The study involved 108 primary caregivers of cDHH and 139 primary caregivers of children with normal hearing. Participants underwent psychometric evaluations including the Family Resilience Scale, World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment–Brief Form, Satisfaction with Life Scale, UCLA Loneliness Scale, and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support.

Results:

Significant differences were found in almost every scale and its subdimension between the two groups (
p
< .05). Correlation analysis revealed significant correlations between all scale total scores for both groups (
p
< .05, .153 < |
r
| < .737). Quality of life was found to be a significant predictor of family resilience,
F
(1, 139) = 41.824,
R
2
=
.279,
B
= 0.495,
t
= 6.467,
p
< .001.

Conclusions:
Our study highlights the significant impact of having cDHH on caregivers' family resilience, quality of life, life satisfaction, feelings of loneliness, and perceived social support. The results underscore the importance of enhancing caregivers' quality of life as a potential strategy to improve their family resilience. Further research is needed to understand the complex interplay of factors influencing these outcomes.
Group Size: An Active Ingredient of School-Based Language Therapy
Authors: Hutchins Carrie , Schmitt Mary Beth 
Published: May 2024

Purpose:
This study explored the relation between therapy group size and language outcomes for children receiving school-based language therapy through an implementation science lens.

Method:
Data for the current study were gathered as part of the Speech-Language Therapy Experiences in Public Schools study. Participants included 273 English-speaking kindergarten through second-grade children with language impairment receiving business-as-usual therapy on the caseloads of 75 speech-language pathologists. Data were collected over an academic year, including weekly therapy logs, speech-language pathology questionnaires, and pre– and post–language measures.

Results:

Descriptive analysis revealed that children primarily experienced small-group therapy sessions (two to four children); however, there was considerable variability in group size. Hierarchical general linear modeling indicated that caseload size did not explain group size variability. However, the number of student cancellations was positively associated with receipt of large-group sessions. Notably, a significant negative association was found between receipt of large-group sessions (i.e., five to 10 children) and language outcomes. Children who received more than the average number of sessions in large groups (i.e., more than 5% of total sessions) experienced 0.18
SD
less language gain over the academic year compared to the mean (0.54
SD
). No other group size configurations (i.e., individual, small group, and extra large) yielded significant associations with language outcomes.

Conclusions:
The findings suggest that young children receiving language-based therapy in large groups make substantially fewer language gains over an academic year. These results have considerable implications for educational policy and clinical practice, which are discussed through an implementation science frame.
A self‐adaptive communication‐free control scheme of islanded PV‐storage microgrids
Authors: Li Lang , An Xinyu , Zhou Ke , Wang Mei , Cai Yibo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFor the problem that traditional droop control cannot maintain the maximum output power of photovoltaic (PV) units, this work proposes a self‐adaptive communication‐free control scheme for the islanded PV‐storage AC microgrids. The proposed control enables the maximum power point tracking‐based output active powers of PVs by adaptively adjusting P‐f/Q‐V droop coefficients. It also facilitates adaptive allocations of reactive powers based on the available capacities of PVs and storage modules. The key characteristics of the proposed control strategy are summarized as follows: 1) PV units are controlled as voltage sources, which could participate in the voltage/frequency regulation to a certain extent; 2) maximum power utilization of PVs is obtained; 3) adaptive allocations of reactive powers are realized based on the maximum available capacity of PVs and storage modules. Subsequently, the stability analysis of the proposed self‐adaptive communication‐free control strategy is verified. Finally, the validity of the proposed self‐adaptive communication‐free control method is validated through simulations conducted using MATLAB/Simulink.
Entlassen, aber wohin? Zur aktuellen Situation der „Langlieger“ in
deutschen psychiatrischen Kliniken
Authors: Jenderny Sarah , Claus Sylvia , Falkai Peter , Heinz Andreas , Meyer-Lindenberg Andreas , Pogarell Oliver , Wilms Bettina , Steinhart Ingmar 
Published: May 2024

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Die Studie analysiert Anzahl, Charakteristika und Gründe
für einen mehr als halbjährigen Aufenthalt von Patient*innen in deutschen
psychiatrischen Kliniken.
Methodik Die Studie wurde in Form einer bundesweiten Online-Umfrage
umgesetzt, die sich an Chefärzt*innen von Kliniken mit Versorgungsauftrag in der
Region richtete.
Ergebnisse In der Stichprobe wurden 174 Patient*innen in 80
psychiatrischen Kliniken identifiziert, die nicht entlassen werden können, weil
kein geeignetes Anschlussangebot in der Region zur Verfügung steht. Die
Patient*innen sind mehrheitlich männlich, weisen häufig eine F2-Diagnose auf und
zeigen aggressives Verhalten während des Klinikaufenthaltes.
Schlussfolgerung Für die Vermeidung von Fehlversorgung und langen
Liegezeiten einer Teilgruppe psychisch kranker Menschen sollten individuelle
Komplexleistungen in gemeinsamer Pflichtversorgung von Behandlung und
Eingliederungshilfe in der Gemeindepsychiatrie umgesetzt werden.
Treatment Approaches to Myasthenia Gravis and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Case Report
Authors: Iafigliola Sergio Giamas , Guimarães Thais Moura , D'Almeida Vânia , Poyares Dalva , Dal-Fabbro Cibele , Tufik Sergio , Moreira Gustavo A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMyasthenia gravis (MG) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by progressive weakness and skeletal muscle fatigue due to the destruction of acetylcholine receptors, causing an abnormality in the synaptic junction between innervation and muscle fibers. The treatment of patients with MG and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is positive pressure in the airway; however, the lack of adherence to the protocol can lead to increased morbidity. A known alternative treatment for OSA is the mandibular advancement device (MAD). The objective of the present report is to describe an emblematic case of a 50-year-old male patient with MG with sleep complaints and documented OSA, and his response to different treatment approaches.
The Impact of COVID-19 Fatigue and Pandemic Burnout alongside Academic Stress on the Gingival Health of Dental Students
Authors: Ali Jameela , Al-ruwais Mathayel , Jawa Shahad , Ahmed Yara , Babatin Wafaa , Abdelrasoul Mohammed Roshdy 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objectives Stress has delirious effects on gingival health. Dental students experience higher levels of academic stress during their education that requires clinical and patient management skills. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) fatigue is a type of chronic stress that has put the population under high stress for an extended period of time. This study aimed to assess the impact of pandemic burnout and fatigue on the gingival health of academically stressed dental students.
Materials and Methods This study compared junior (n = 20) and senior (n = 20) year dental students undergoing their final year exams. Gingival health was assessed by plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and modified papillary bleeding index (MPBI). Academic stress was measured by the dental environmental stress questionnaire, while COVID-19 burnout was judged by COVID-19 student stress questionnaire (CSSQ).
Statistical Analysis Quantitative data were expressed as mean, standard deviation and median Student's t-test was used to compare two categories for normally distributed quantitative variables, while significance of the obtained results was judged at the 5% level.
Results Gingival health evaluation revealed no significant differences in GI and PI; however, MPBI in juniors was more significant (p = < 0.001). Academic stress was significantly higher among seniors (p = 0.001); nevertheless, CSSQ showed low levels of stress toward the pandemic with no significant differences.
Conclusion Gingival diseases are multifactorial in nature; stress is a biologically influencing factor as well. Despite the evidence of high academic stresses among dental students, the impact of COVID-19 fatigue on gingival health was inconclusive and slight differences were found between junior and senior-year dental students.
Ten-Year Cardiovascular Risk Estimation through the Framingham Risk Score among Commercial Motor Vehicle Drivers with High and Low Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Sharifi Navid , Najafi Arezu , Alemohammad Zahra Banafsheh , Sadeghniiat-Haghighi Khosro 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objective Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are both major medical causes of road accidents among commercial motor vehicle (CMV) drivers. The present study aimed to determine the association of the ten-year risk of developing CVD and other cardiac risk factors with the risk of developing OSA among apparently healthy CMV drivers.
Materials and Methods The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 315 male CMV drivers. Demographic characteristics were collected, and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), the Snoring, Tiredness, Observed Apnea, High Blood Pressure, Body Mass Index (BMI) > 35 kg/m2, Age > 50 Years, Neck Circumference > 40 cm, and Male Gender (STOP-Bang) questionnaire, and International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) were filled out, and the ten-year CVD risk was calculated through the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) for each individual. Laboratory tests also were performed. The participants were divided into two groups based on the STOP-Bang score and FRS, and other CVD risk factors were compared, accordingly. The Chi-squared test, the Student t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and logistic regression were used for the analysis.
Results The mean age of the drivers was of 45.57 (range: 30 to 70) years. In the univariate analysis, the mean age, years of driving experience, FRS, vascular age, blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, ESS score, BMI, and circumference of the waist and hip presented a significant association with STOP-Bang score ≥ 3 (p < 0.05). The metabolic equivalents of task (METs) for total physical activity and walking (min/week), time spent sitting (h/day), lipid profiles, smoking history, vehicle type, and shift type were statistically similar in both groups. In the multivariate analysis, a high risk of OSA was independently associated with higher FRS (odds ratio: 1.92; p < 0.001).
Conclusion The STOP-Bang score presented a direct correlation with the estimated ten-year CVD risk in CMV drivers. The high risk of developing OSA among CMV drivers is accompanied by higher CVD risk factors such as old age, diabetes, hypertension, BMI, and waist and hip circumference. The FRS was statistically higher in CMV drivers with high OSA risk.
Perianal Fistulizing Crohn's Disease: Outcomes of Surgical Repairs and Current State of Stem Cell-Based Therapies
Authors: Dawes Aaron J. , Lightner Amy L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPerianal fistulizing Crohn's disease is one of the most disabling phenotypes of Crohn's disease, due to the severe impairment in quality of life including social and personal wellbeing. A multimodal approach with patient-tailored care is the key to optimal management of this condition. Medical therapy is needed to optimize the luminal disease, and surgical intervention is required to control any associated perianal sepsis and attempt palliative or definitive fistula repair. While several medical and surgical options are available, the majority of patients continue to have symptomatic disease. Fortunately, this continues to drive novel innovations which are revolutionizing the treatment and outcomes of perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease. However, there continues to be a need for randomized trials and consistent metrics utilized for classification and treatment outcomes in order to accurately describe optimal treatment outcomes.
Fuzzy logic-driven genetic algorithm strategies for ultrasonic welding of heterogeneous metal sheets
Authors: Amale Ashvin , Singholi Ajay K. S. , P Satishkumar , Giri Jayant , Albaijan Ibrahim , Guru Ajay 
Published: May 2024

There are a lot of problems with the conventional fusion welding process, so ultrasonic welding has been used for about 20 years and has helped a lot of manufacturing industries, including aviation, medicine, and microelectronics. Ultrasonic welding takes less than one second, making it suitable for mass production. Poor weld quality and joint strength are common issues that industries encounter as a result of this process. Actually, the success and quality of the welding are determined by its control parameters. This research examines the impacts of weld time, vibrational amplitude, and weld pressure on the welding of 0.6 mm thick sheets of two different metals, specifically copper and aluminum (AA2024). Responses, including tensile shear stress, weld area, and T-peel stress, are acquired through experiments that follow a full factorial design including four replicas. The highest recorded tensile shear stress was 4.34 MPa, the maximum weld area measured was 63.6 mm2, and the peak T-peel stress reached 1.22 MPa. A second-order non-linear regression model was constructed using all of these data points, which related the responses to the predictors. Due to the importance of quality in the production sector, the process parameters were determined by the combination of genetic algorithm (GA) and fuzzy logic (FL) approaches. The impact of the weld zone temperature on various quality characteristics has been investigated through experiments. It has been noted from the confirmatory test that FL produces superior output outcomes compared to the genetic algorithm, with FL achieving a fuzzy multi-performance index of 0.94 compared to 0.61 for GA. By conducting microstructural analysis, weld quality levels, including “under-weld,” “good weld,” and “over-weld,” were established.
Metaphors of love before and after marriage in proverbs and anti-proverbs
Authors: Litovkina Anna T. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In the present chapter I am going to discuss the ways how love after marriage is viewed and conceptualised in the body of
Anglo-American proverbs and anti-proverbs (or proverb transformations), as well as in proverbs from around the world. My discussion is
organised in two parts. While in the first part of the chapter I treat the paremiological issue of the metaphorical nature of
proverbs, in the second part I address the relation between love and marriage in proverbs from around the world and Anglo-American
anti-proverbs. I treat various metaphors of love which lead one to getting married (e.g., love is folly), as well as some
metaphors of love after marriage (e.g., love is war).
Stuttering in two languages
Authors: Medina Angela M. , Müller Nicole , Ball Martin J. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to describe the linguistic resources used by four Spanish-English
speaking bilingual males who stutter to convey their attitudes and experiences with bilingual stuttering. Participants
were 16, 28, 29, and 63 years of age. Analytic tools grounded in Systemic Functional Linguistic theory, namely those
based on experiential meaning and appraisal, revealed how participants structured their talk to emphasize details and
experiences of significance. Aspects of being a second language learner were described as a facilitator and a
hindrance to fluency, while stuttering was reported as having both a positive and negative impact on language
learning. Characteristics of Spanish grammar such as high frequency of vowel-initial words and morphosyntactic
structure were described as barriers to fluent speech.
Variation in phonological and morphosyntactic development in multilingual pre-schoolers
Authors: Barrière Isabelle , Shafer Valerie , van der Feest Suzanne 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The present chapter investigates how the quantity of input and the linguistic characteristics of
the Heritage Language (HL), Spanish or Russian, impact the comprehension of English Subject-Verb Agreement (SVA)
(Study 1) and the production of English vowels (Study 2). In both HLs, SVA exhibits more contrastive forms than in English. Study 1 demonstrates that this HL characteristic facilitates the comprehension
of English SVA by bilingual preschoolers, more so than the percentage of exposure to English. In contrast, both HLs
exhibit a smaller and phonetically different vowel inventory compared to English. Study 2 demonstrates that the exact vowel inventory of the HL combined with amount of English exposure
helped to explain the acoustic characteristics of the productions of bilingual Spanish-English and Russian-English
preschoolers. These results have clinical and educational relevance.
Acoustic properties of word-final vowels and the acquisition of gender in Spanish-English heritage
speakers
Authors: Colantoni Laura , Pérez Leroux Ana T. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores whether contact-induced reduction in the inventory of Spanish unstressed
vowels due to contact with English impacts the development of gender morphology and concord in Spanish-English
bilinguals, through the comparison of recent findings from narratives elicited from bilingual adults and children born
in the US. Final unstressed /a, e, o/ were acoustically analyzed and noun phrases were grammatically analyzed. Adult
early bilinguals displayed a large degree of vocalic overlap but were highly accurate in gender. Children showed
variability in their patterns of vocalic overlap and in gender accuracy ranging between 66% to 100%. Results do not
offer a strong support for the hypothesis of a phonetic contribution to heritage gender divergence and call for
refined analyses of the interaction between phonetics and morphosyntax in gender acquisition.