bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety, pharmacokinetics, and potential neurological interactions of ivermectin, tafenoquine, and chloroquine in Rhesus macaques
Authors: Vanachayangkul Pattaraporn , Kodchakorn Chanikarn , Ta-aksorn Winita , Im-erbsin Rawiwan , Tungtaeng Anchalee , Tipthara Phornpimon , Tarning Joel , Lugo-Roman Luis A. , Wojnarski Mariusz , Vesely Brian A. , Kobylinski Kevin C. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Ivermectin (IVM) could be used for malaria control as treated individuals are lethal to blood-feeding
Anopheles
, resulting in reduced transmission. Tafenoquine (TQ) is used to clear the liver reservoir of
Plasmodium vivax
and as a prophylactic treatment in high-risk populations. It has been suggested to use ivermectin and tafenoquine in combination, but the safety of these drugs in combination has not been evaluated. Early derivatives of 8-aminoquinolones (8-AQ) were neurotoxic, and ivermectin is an inhibitor of the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) blood brain barrier (BBB) transporter. Thus, there is concern that co-administration of these drugs could be neurotoxic. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetic interaction of tafenoquine, ivermectin, and chloroquine (CQ) in Rhesus macaques. No clinical, biochemistry, or hematological outcomes of concern were observed. The Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) was employed to assess potential neurological deficits following drug administration. Some impairment was observed with tafenoquine alone and in the same monkeys with subsequent co-administrations. Co-administration of chloroquine and tafenoquine resulted in increased plasma exposure to tafenoquine. Urine concentrations of the 5,6 orthoquinone TQ metabolite were increased with co-administration of tafenoquine and ivermectin. There was an increase in ivermectin plasma exposure when co-administered with chloroquine. No interaction of tafenoquine on ivermectin was observed
in vitro
. Chloroquine and trace levels of ivermectin, but not tafenoquine, were observed in the cerebrospinal fluid. The 3′′-
O
-demethyl ivermectin metabolite was observed in macaque plasma but not in urine or cerebrospinal fluid. Overall, the combination of ivermectin, tafenoquine, and chloroquine did not have clinical, neurological, or pharmacological interactions of concern in macaques; therefore, this combination could be considered for evaluation in human trials.
“Anomalous” Photoelectric Effect in the Ultrafast Electron Diffraction Method
Authors: Aseyev S. A. , Mironov B. N. , Poydashev D. G. , Ischenko A. A. , Ryabov E. A. 
Published: May 2024

Electron-pulse probing of fast laser-induced processes has allowed the direct observation of the structural dynamics in matter with a high spatiotemporal resolution. A thin gold film has appeared to be a convenient photocathode, and photoelectron emission has been induced by femtosecond ultraviolet radiation with a photon energy of about 4.65–4.75 eV (in particular, $$\hbar $$ω $$ \cong $$ 4.65 eV for the third harmonic of the Ti:sapphire laser). For the linear photoelectric effect, this energy contradicts the reference work function WAu$$ \cong $$ 5.1–5.3 eV of pure metal. Reasons for such contradiction have been analyzed and good agreement with experimental data has been reached with a model proposed for the generation of photoelectron pulses.
Early palliative care perceptions by patients with cancer and primary caregivers: metaphorical language
Authors: Bandieri Elena , Bigi Sarah , Nava Melissa , Borelli Eleonora , Porro Carlo Adolfo , Castellucci Erio , Efficace Fabio , Bruera Eduardo , Odejide Oreofe , Zimmermann Camilla , Potenza Leonardo , Luppi Mario 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveThis article reports on the results of an analysis of metaphorical language used by patients diagnosed with advanced cancer and their caregivers receiving early palliative care (EPC).MethodsData were collected through a pen-and-paper questionnaire on respondents’ perceptions of the disease, its treatment and their idea of death, before and after receiving EPC. The data were analysed by identifying all metaphorical uses of language, following the ‘metaphor identification procedure’ proposed by the Praggjelaz Group.ResultsMetaphors were used from a variety of semantic fields. EPC was described using spiritual terms, to indicate that this approach was instrumental in ‘restoring life’, ‘producing hope’ and making patients feel ‘accompanied’. The most recurrent metaphors were those referring to light and salvation; spatial metaphors were used to describe the treatment and the hospital as a ‘safe haven’ and ‘an oasis of peace’. Patients and caregivers were overall consistent in the aforementioned ways of referring to illness and treatment; caregivers were more likely than patients to use war metaphors, although their use overall was rare.ConclusionsOur results suggest that EPC is perceived positively by patients and their caregivers and provide insights regarding the manner in which EPC could be presented to patients, caregivers and the public.
Economy-wide Impacts of India–UAE CEPA: A CGE Analysis
Authors: Ismail Saba , Ahmed Shahid 
Published: May 2024

The present study investigates the potential trade effects of tariff liberalisation under India–United Arab Emirates (UAE) Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) using general equilibrium analysis. The study specifically examines output, employment, exports and welfare effects of India–UAE CEPA in computable general equilibrium (CGE) framework using the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) model and database version 10. The study indicates output gains in manufacturing sector for both countries and an increase in demand for unskilled labour in India. The study argues that the CEPA will result in an increase in global exports of all commodity groups for both India and UAE and a substantial gain in bilateral exports of both countries. The present study suggests that deeper integration through tariff reduction on imports under India–UAE CEPA will be welfare enhancing for both India and UAE. Overall results show that there is a lot of untapped potential to bring the welfare gains for both trading partners. Given the present schedule of tariff reduction of CEPA, a win–win scenario will emerge for both partners in short as well as long run. Finally, the study cautioned about the implications of sensitive list for trade effects and protection from misuse of rules of origin in the CEPA. JEL Codes: F1, F13, F14, F15, F17
Hispanic-Serving Artificial Intelligence: Do Hispanic-Serving Institutions Use Chatbots and Can They Speak Spanish?
Authors: Taylor Z. W. , Ortega Guillermo , Hernández Susana H. 
Published: May 2024

Background or Context: Although many scholars have evaluated how Hispanic-serving institutions (HSIs) serve and can better serve Latinx students and their communities, scant research has integrated artificial intelligence (AI) technology within this evaluation of diversity and servingness. With institutions of higher education continuing to explore ways to integrate AI into their everyday operations, it is critical to understand whether HSIs are leveraging AI chatbot technology, given this specific technology’s ubiquity in modern society. Purpose, Objective, Research Question, or Focus of Study: This study aimed to evaluate whether HSIs employ AI chatbot technology on their websites and the usability of this technology in accessing admissions information in English and Spanish. As a result, this study analyzes all 558 Hispanic-serving institution (.edu) websites and interacts with embedded AI chatbots to evaluate whether HSIs utilize chatbots and if these chatbots are engineered or staffed to communicate with Spanish-speaking audiences. Research Design: This study employed a mixed methods approach, utilizing qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis methods. Given the study’s emphasis on human–computer interaction, the researchers also engaged with interactive research methods to perform artificial intelligence testing. Conclusions or Recommendations: Findings suggest roughly 20% of HSIs employ AI chatbots, but far fewer use bilingual English/Spanish chatbots (12%). However, HSIs are equally as likely to staff English (20%) live agents as Spanish (21%) live agents when users are elevated from AI. Our findings demonstrate the importance of having Spanish and bilingual information embedded into HSIs to truly serve Latinx students and their families (Garcia, 2019). More specifically, Spanish should be incorporated within technological spaces where Latinx students and their communities may seek HSI information to pursue higher education such as how to apply for admission and financial aid. Ultimately, HSIs must consider how technology services like AI chatbots provide resources and answer questions in Spanish to ensure equitable access to information for Latinx students, their families, and their communities. Moreover, HSI leadership must continue to explore how HSIs may be transformed through technological innovation, such as artificial intelligence integration within digital spaces, including the HSI’s website.
The Hepatoprotective Effect of Trigonelline in Diabetic Rat through Insulin-related IRS1-GLUT2 Pathway: A Biochemical, Molecular, Histopathological, and Immunohistochemical Study
Authors: Li Meizhi , Li Shiqing , Jiang Shanshan , Li Weihong 
Published: May 2024

Background Diabetes significantly increases morbidity and mortality rates, causing complications such as cardiovascular disease, kidney failure, and blindness. Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of trigonelline (TRIG) in diabetic rats through the antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and insulin-related IRS1-GLUT2 pathway. Materials and Methods In this experimental investigation, sixty male Wistar rats ( n = 10/group) were randomly divided into six groups: a healthy group (HEL), healthy rats treated with 1500 and 3000 mg/kg of TRIG, a diabetic (D), and diabetic rats treated with 1500 and 3000 mg/kg of TRIG (D+ TRIG). The effects of TRIG on rats with induced diabetes were evaluated by serum biochemical parameters, such as insulin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), free fatty acids (FFA), nitric oxide, and adiponectin levels. The activities of hepatic carbohydrate metabolic enzymes (hepatic glucokinase, glucose 6-phosphatase, glycogen, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) were also measured. Furthermore, the expression levels of genes and proteins associated with carbohydrate/lipid metabolism, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARg), glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2), insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) were analyzed using real-time PCR and western blotting techniques, respectively. Liver sections were examined using H&E staining and immunohistochemistry targeting the p53 protein. Results The results showed that 3000 mg/kg TRIG was able to suppress TNF-α, IL-6, and FFA by inhibiting inflammatory pathways along with increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes. TRIG treatment regulated serum levels of insulin, adiponectin, and hepatic carbohydrate metabolic enzymes as well as glycogen content by regulation of the IRS1/ GLUT2- SREBP-1c/ PPARg pathway. Conclusion These results provide evidence that TRIG has the potential to protect liver organs from oxidative damage in diabetic patients.
Age-related factors associated with intention to initiate pre-exposure prophylaxis among cisgender women in Washington D.C.
Authors: Zack Jennifer L. , Hull Shawnika J. , Coleman Megan E. , Ye Peggy Peng , Lotke Pamela S. , Visconti Adam , Beverley Jason , Brant Ashley , Moriarty Patricia , Scott Rachel K. 
Published: May 2024

Background: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) utilization among cisgender women (subsequently ‘women’) is low across age groups, relative to their risk of HIV acquisition. We hypothesize that age-related differences in psychosocial factors also influence women’s intention to initiate oral PrEP in Washington, D.C. Methods: A secondary analysis of a cross-sectional survey data was performed to evaluate factors influencing intention to initiate oral PrEP among women seen at a family planning and a sexual health clinic. A bivariate analysis was performed to identify differences by age group in demographic characteristics, indications for PrEP, and attitudes toward PrEP; we then performed additional bivariate analysis to assess these variables in relation to PrEP intention. Results: Across age groups, perceived risk of HIV acquisition was not significantly different and was not associated with intention to initiate PrEP. Awareness of and attitude toward PrEP, injunctive norms, descriptive norms, and self-efficacy were not different across age, however there were significant age-associated differences in relation to PrEP intention. Specifically, among 18–24-year-olds, intention to start PrEP was associated with support from provider ( p = 0.03), main sexual partner ( p < 0.01), and peers ( p < 0.01). For women 25–34 years old, having multiple sexual partners ( p = 0.03) and support from casual sexual partners ( p = 0.03) was also important. Among women 35–44 years old, prior awareness of PrEP ( p = 0.02) and their children’s support of PrEP uptake ( p < 0.01) were associated with intention to initiate PrEP. Among 45–55 year-old women intention to initiate PrEP was positively associated with engaging in casual sex ( p = 0.03) and negatively associated with stigma ( p < 0.01). Conclusion: Overall, there were more similarities than differences in factors influencing intention to initiate PrEP across age groups. Observed differences offer an opportunity to tailor PrEP delivery and HIV prevention interventions to increase awareness and uptake for cisgender women.
Timing of oral anticoagulants initiation for atrial fibrillation after acute ischemic stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Palaiodimou Lina , Stefanou Maria-Ioanna , Katsanos Aristeidis H , De Marchis Gian Marco , Aguiar De Sousa Diana , Dawson Jesse , Katan Mira , Karapanayiotides Theodore , Toutouzas Konstantinos , Paciaroni Maurizio , Seiffge David J , Tsivgoulis Georgios 
Published: May 2024

Introduction: There is a longstanding clinical uncertainty regarding the optimal timing of initiating oral anticoagulants (OAC) for non-valvular atrial fibrillation following acute ischemic stroke. Current international recommendations are based on expert opinions, while significant diversity among clinicians is noted in everyday practice. Methods: We conducted an updated systematic review and meta-analysis including all available randomized-controlled clinical trials (RCTs) and observational cohort studies that investigated early versus later OAC-initiation for atrial fibrillation after acute ischemic stroke. The primary outcome was defined as the composite of ischemic and hemorrhagic events and mortality at follow-up. Secondary outcomes included the components of the composite outcome (ischemic stroke recurrence, intracranial hemorrhage, major bleeding, and all-cause mortality). Pooled estimates were calculated with random-effects model. Results: Nine studies (two RCTs and seven observational) were included comprising a total of 4946 patients with early OAC-initiation versus 4573 patients with later OAC-initiation following acute ischemic stroke. Early OAC-initiation was associated with reduced risk of the composite outcome (RR = 0.74; 95% CI:0.56–0.98; I2 = 46%) and ischemic stroke recurrence (RR = 0.64; 95% CI:0.43–0.95; I2 = 60%) compared to late OAC-initiation. Regarding safety outcomes, similar rates of intracranial hemorrhage (RR = 0.98; 95% CI:0.57–1.69; I2 = 21%), major bleeding (RR = 0.78; 95% CI:0.40–1.51; I2 = 0%), and mortality (RR = 0.94; 95% CI:0.61–1.45; I2 = 0%) were observed. There were no subgroup differences, when RCTs and observational studies were separately evaluated. Conclusions: Early OAC-initiation in acute ischemic stroke patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation appears to have better efficacy and a similar safety profile compared to later OAC-initiation.
Motor polyradiculoneuropathy as an unusual presentation of neurobrucellosis: a case report and literature review
Authors: Alikhani Ahmad , Ahmadi Noushin , Frouzanian Mehran , Abdollahi Amirsaleh 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBrucellosis, a zoonotic disease caused by Brucella species, poses a significant global health concern. Among its diverse clinical manifestations, neurobrucellosis remains an infrequent yet debilitating complication. Here, we present a rare case of neurobrucellosis with unusual presentations in a 45-year-old woman. The patient’s clinical course included progressive lower extremity weakness, muscle wasting, and double vision, prompting a comprehensive diagnostic evaluation. Notable findings included polyneuropathy, elevated brucella agglutination titers in both cerebrospinal fluid and blood, abnormal EMG-NCV tests, and resolving symptoms with antibiotic therapy. The clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges, and differentiation from other neurological conditions are discussed. This case underscores the importance of considering neurobrucellosis in regions where brucellosis is prevalent and highlights this rare neurological complication’s distinctive clinical and radiological features. Early recognition and appropriate treatment are crucial to mitigate the significant morbidity associated with neurobrucellosis.
Axillary lymph node metastasis in pure mucinous carcinoma of breast: clinicopathologic and ultrasonographic features
Authors: Li Na , Li Jia-Wei , Qian Yu , Liu Ya-Jing , Qi Xiu-Zhu , Chen Ya-Ling , Gao Yi , Chang Cai 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
The purpose of this research is to study the sonographic and clinicopathologic characteristics that associate with axillary lymph node metastasis (ALNM) for pure mucinous carcinoma of breast (PMBC).

Methods
A total of 176 patients diagnosed as PMBC after surgery were included. According to the status of axillary lymph nodes, all patients were classified into ALNM group (n = 15) and non-ALNM group (n = 161). The clinical factors (patient age, tumor size, location), molecular biomarkers (ER, PR, HER2 and Ki-67) and sonographic features (shape, orientation, margin, echo pattern, posterior acoustic pattern and vascularity) between two groups were analyzed to unclose the clinicopathologic and ultrasonographic characteristics in PMBC with ALNM.

Results
The incidence of axillary lymph node metastasis was 8.5% in this study. Tumors located in the outer side of the breast (upper outer quadrant and lower outer quadrant) were more likely to have lymphatic metastasis, and the difference between the two group was significantly (86.7% vs. 60.3%, P = 0.043). ALNM not associated with age (P = 0.437). Although tumor size not associated with ALNM(P = 0.418), the tumor size in ALNM group (32.3 ± 32.7 mm) was bigger than non-ALNM group (25.2 ± 12.8 mm). All the tumors expressed progesterone receptor (PR) positively, and 90% of all expressed estrogen receptor (ER) positively, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) were positive in two cases of non-ALNM group. Ki-67 high expression was observed in 36 tumors in our study (20.5%), and it was higher in ALNM group than non-ALNM group (33.3% vs. 19.3%), but the difference wasn’t significantly (P = 0.338).

Conclusions
Tumor location is a significant factor for ALNM in PMBC. Outer side location is more easily for ALNM. With the bigger size and/or Ki-67 higher expression status, the lymphatic metastasis seems more likely to present.
Evaluation of an obstetric and neonatal care upskilling program for community health workers in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Lokuge Kamalini , Wemin Freda , Joshy Grace , DL Mola Glen 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
60% of women in Papua New Guinea (PNG) give birth unsupervised and outside of a health facility, contributing to high national maternal and perinatal mortality rates. We evaluated a practical, hospital-based on-the-job training program implemented by local health authorities in PNG between 2013 and 2019 aimed at addressing this challenge by upskilling community health workers (CHWs) to provide quality maternal and newborn care in rural health facilities.

Methods
Two provinces, the Eastern Highlands and Simbu Provinces, were included in the study. In the Eastern Highlands Province, a baseline and end point skills assessment and post-training interviews 12 months after completion of the 2018 training were used to evaluate impacts on CHW knowledge, skills, and self-reported satisfaction with training. Quality and timeliness of referrals was assessed through data from the Eastern Highlands Province referral hospital registers. In Simbu Province, impacts of training on facility births, stillbirths and referrals were evaluated pre- and post-training retrospectively using routine health facility reporting data from 2012 to 2019, and negative binomial regression analysis adjusted for potential confounders and correlation of outcomes within facilities.

Results
The average knowledge score increased significantly, from 69.8% (95% CI:66.3-73.2%) at baseline, to 87.8% (95% CI:82.9-92.6%) following training for the 8 CHWs participating in Eastern Highlands Province training. CHWs reported increased confidence in their skills and ability to use referral networks. There were significant increases in referrals to the Eastern Highlands provincial hospital arriving in the second stage of labour but no significant difference in the 5 min Apgar score for children, pre and post training. Data on 11,345 births in participating facilities in Simbu Province showed that the number of births in participating rural health facilities more than doubled compared to prior to training, with the impact increasing over time after training (0–12 months after training: IRR 1.59, 95% CI: 1.04–2.44, p-value 0.033, > 12 months after training: IRR 2.46, 95% CI:1.37–4.41, p-value 0.003). There was no significant change in stillbirth or referral rates.

Conclusions
Our findings showed positive impacts of the upskilling program on CHW knowledge and practice of participants, facility births rates, and appropriateness of referrals, demonstrating its promise as a feasible intervention to improve uptake of maternal and newborn care services in rural and remote, low-resource settings within the resourcing available to local authorities. Larger-scale evaluations of a size adequately powered to ascertain impact of the intervention on stillbirth rates are warranted.