bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prolonged pharmacodynamic effects of S‐0139, an intravenously administered endothelin A (ETA) antagonist, in the human forearm blood flow model
Authors: Lunnon Martin W. , Wallace Sharon M. L. , Palmer Joanne E. , Francis‐Lang Andrew , Laurijssens Bart E. , Mistry Prafull , Albala Bruce , Nagafuji Toshiaki , Wilkinson Ian B. , Maltby Kay 
Published: November 2009

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT• Using the technique of venous occlusion plethysmography, endothelin (ET) antagonists have been shown to block the vasoconstrictive effects of intra‐brachial ET‐1 infusion on forearm blood flow.• Effects have been reported only when significant plasma concentrations of the antagonists are present.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS• S‐0139 is a selective ET antagonist given by intravenous administration.• In this study it is shown to have a prolonged duration of pharmacodynamic activity beyond that expected from its pharmacokinetic profile.AIMSTo estimate the pharmacologically active dose range of a new investigational compound S‐0139, a selective endothelin A (ETA) receptor antagonist, in man, and to examine the duration of its pharmacodynamic effect.METHODSVenous occlusion plethysmography was performed to assess changes in forearm blood flow following intra‐brachial administration of endothelin‐1 (ET‐1). ETAantagonists have been shown to block ET‐1‐induced vasoconstriction in this model. The study was conducted in three parts: (1) a pilot study to explore dose–response (dose range 0.08–13.33 µg kg−1 min−1), (2) a randomized study to confirm dose–response (placebo, 2.5, 6.67 and 15 µg kg−1 min−1), and (3) a delayed administration study (15.7 µg kg−1 min−1) to explore the duration of the pharmacodynamic effect. In all studies a 3‐h infusion of S‐0139 was given and during the last 90 min of the infusion, ET‐1 was infused concurrently for 90 min. In study (3) a second ET‐1 infusion was given starting 3 h after completion of the first.RESULTSIntravenously administered S‐0139 resulted in significant inhibition of ET‐1‐induced vasoconstriction in the forearm (plasma concentration 800–2000 ng ml−1). In the delayed administration study, the same extent of inhibition was still present when ET‐1 was administered 3 h after the end of infusion of S‐0139, even though the S‐0139 plasma concentrations (mean 17 ng ml−1) were well below pharmacologically active concentrations as determined in studies 1 and 2.CONCLUSIONSS‐0139 dose‐dependently blocks ET‐1‐mediated vasoconstriction in the forearm and has a prolonged duration of effect beyond that expected from its pharmacokinetic profile.
Langerhans cell histiocytosis in lymph nodes – cytomorphological diagnosis and pitfalls
Authors: Ouwerkerk‐Noordam E. , Boon M. E. , Van Loon A. , Van Leeuwen A. W. F. M. 
Published: November 2009

Background It is a well‐known fact that when an invasive cervical carcinoma is sampled, the smear may exclusively contain blood and no diagnostic cells. We analysed a series of 77 smears of 46 patients who developed squamous cell carcinoma to detect in this series unsatisfactory cervical smears rich in blood and to define their macroscopical features.Materials and Methods All patients who developed squamous cell carcinoma in the Dordrecht region were retrieved and all preceding smears were evaluated light microscopically and with neural network technology to detect abnormal cells. The nine smears containing no diagnosable epithelial cells (neither normal or abnormal) were chosen for this study. The macroscopic features and light microscopic characteristics of the smear background (clean, inflammatory pattern, fresh blood, old blood, fibrin and necrosis) were classified.Results All nine unsatisfactory cervical smears were bloody, often showing a characteristic curdled pattern. Fibrin and lysed blood were seen in the background of the nine smears and can be considered as hall marks of cancer growth.Conclusion Light microscopically, both old and fresh blood were present in thick clumps explaining the curdled macroscopical pattern of the nine smears. The mean period between the unsatisfactory cervical smear rich in blood and the final diagnosis was less than 6 months. We conclude that women with such bloody smears should immediately be sent to the gynaecologist for a histological investigation.
Anaphylaxis to patent blue V: a case series and proposed diagnostic protocol
Authors: Haque R. A. , Wagner A. , Whisken J. A. , Nasser S. M. , Ewan P. W. 
Published: November 2009

To cite this article: Haque RA, Wagner A, Whisken JA, Nasser SM, Ewan PW. Anaphylaxis to patent blue V: a case series and proposed diagnostic protocol. Allergy 2010; 65: 396–400.AbstractPatent blue V is widely used in the identification of sentinel lymph nodes in patients with breast cancer and other malignancies. Individual case reports of allergy to patent blue V have been described in the medical literature since the 1960s. However, there is little data on clinical features and little experience of which allergy tests are appropriate or useful.We gathered all cases of patent blue V allergy that had been seen and diagnosed in the Department of Allergy, Addenbrooke's Hospital over a 3‐year period. We collected clinical details of each case including skin test results. For comparison we recruited 12 healthy control subjects who then underwent skin testing to patent blue V.Six cases of patent blue V allergy were identified, all occurring during sentinel lymph node identification for breast carcinoma. All 6 had positive skin prick tests to neat patent blue V (25 mg/ml). Skin prick testing with a 1 : 10 dilution (2.5 mg/ml) produced positive results in 3 of 4 patients tested, and intradermal testing at a 1 : 100 dilution was (0.25 mg/ml) was positive in all patients tested. Of 12 control subjects, 11 had negative skin prick tests to both neat and 1 : 10 patent blue V with one subject showing a positive reaction to the higher concentration only.On the basis of our experience of patent blue V allergy, we propose a diagnostic protocol that can be safely and reliably utilised in centres equipped for allergy testing.
Risk factors for portal vein complications in pediatric living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Shibasaki Susumu , Taniguchi Masahiko , Shimamura Tsuyoshi , Suzuki Tomomi , Yamashita Kenichiro , Wakayama Kenji , Hirokata Gentaro , Ohta Minoru , Kamiyama Toshiya , Matsushita Michiaki , Furukawa Hiroyuki , Todo Satoru 
Published: November 2009

Shibasaki S, Taniguchi M, Shimamura T, Suzuki T, Yamashita K, Wakayama K, Hirokata G, Ohta M, Kamiyama T, Matsushita M, Furukawa H, Todo S. Risk factors for portal vein complications in pediatric living donor liver transplantation. Clin Transplant 2010: 24: 550–556. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Background:  Portal vein (PV) complications in pediatric living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) are often asymptomatic in the early stages after transplantation and can be serious enough to lead to graft failure. There have been few reports on risk factors for PV complications in LDLT. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of hepatic inflow upon PV complications and to predict patients at risk for these complications.Material/method:  From 1997 to 2008, 46 pediatric patients underwent LDLT at our center. Portal venous and hepatic arterial flows and PV diameter were analyzed.Results:  PV complications were identified in seven patients (15.2%) and occurred at a younger age and lower weight. As a result of appropriate treatment, none of the patients suffered graft failure. Analysis of the 46 patients and 27 patients under two yr of age indentified smaller PV diameter in recipient and larger discrepancy of PV diameter as risk factors. Portal venous flow tended to be low, in contrast to hepatic arterial flow, which tended to be high.Conclusion:  PV size strongly influences PV complications. Other factors such as younger age, low portal venous flow, and high hepatic arterial flow may be risk factors for PV complications.
Factors associated with population risk perceptions of continuing drought in Australia
Authors: Raphael Beverley , Taylor Melanie , Stevens Garry , Barr Margo , Gorringe Matthew , Agho Kingsley 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjective:  To determine factors associated with risk perception of continuing drought in Australia. Design and setting:  Computer Assisted Telephone Interview survey. The sample was weighted to the New South Wales population. Participants:  A total of 2004 adults aged 16 years and over. Results:  Overall 55.9% of the respondents thought drought was extremely or very likely to continue, 60.1% were extremely or very concerned that they or their family would be affected, and 86.3% reported that they had made some level of change to the way that they lived their lives because of the perceived risk of continuing drought. After controlling for confounding factors, the odds of perceived drought being extremely or very likely to continue, concern for self or family and making changes to behaviour because of the possibility of continuing drought were significantly higher in women than men by 43%, 59% and 86%, respectively. Compared with those who lived in highly accessible geographical areas, respondents who lived in remote or very remote geographical areas were 3.22 (adjusted odds ratios = 3.22; 95% CI, 1.69–6.14) times more likely to think that drought would continue and were 3.72 (adjusted odds ratios = 3.72; 95% CI, 1.10–12.56) times more likely to have changed the way they lived their lives because of the possibility of continuing drought.Conclusion:  Over half of the New South Wales population thought drought was very or extremely likely to continue. The baseline data collected in this survey will be useful for monitoring changes over time in the population's perceptions of continuing drought.
Laparoscopic splenectomy may be a superior supportive intervention for cirrhotic patients with hypersplenism
Authors: Tomikawa Morimasa , Akahoshi Tomohiko , Sugimachi Keishi , Ikeda Yasuharu , Yoshida Kisaku , Tanabe Yuichi , Kawanaka Hirofumi , Takenaka Kenji , Hashizume Makoto , Maehara Yoshihiko 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackground and Aims:  To evaluate and compare laparoscopic splenectomy and partial splenic embolization as supportive intervention for cirrhotic patients with hypersplenism to overcome peripheral cytopenia before the initiation of and during interferon therapy or anticancer therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods:  Between December 2000 and April 2008, 43 Japanese cirrhotic patients with hypersplenism underwent either laparoscopic splenectomy or partial splenic embolization as a supportive intervention to facilitate the initiation and completion of either interferon therapy or anticancer therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. We reviewed the peri‐ and post‐intervention outcomes and details of the subsequent planned main therapies. For interferon therapy, the rate of completion, the rate of treatment cessation and virological responses were evaluated. Anti‐cancer therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma included liver resection, ablation therapy, intra‐arterial chemotherapy, and transarterial chemoembolization.Results:  All patients tolerated the operations well with no significant complications. The platelet count was significantly higher in the laparoscopic splenectomy group than in the partial splenic embolization group at 1 and 2 weeks after the intervention. Interferon therapy was stopped in two patients in the partial splenic embolization group due to recurrent thrombocytopenia whereas all patients in the laparoscopic splenectomy group completed interferon therapy. The planned anticancer therapies were performed in all patients, and were completed in all patients without any problems or major complications.Conclusion:  Laparoscopic splenectomy may be superior to partial splenic embolization as a supportive intervention for cirrhotic patients with hypersplenism. Future prospective, randomized controlled patient studies are required to confirm these findings.
BORDERS MAKE THE DIFFERENCE: MIGRANT TRANSNATIONALISM AS A BORDER EXPERIENCE
Authors: GIELIS RUBEN 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper tries to accomplish cross‐fertilisation between border studies and transmigration studies, research fields which exist almost separated from each other. It claims that the concept of border can contribute to the theoretical growth to maturity of the relatively young field of transmigration studies, and especially to a deeper understanding of the in‐between lifeworlds of transmigrants (migrant transnationalism). In transmigration studies, borders are usually considered as boundaries, the physical lines on the ground, and therefore are seen as beginnings and endings of migrant transnationalism. In this paper, it is argued that borders can also have a constitutive role in migrant transnationalism. This constitutive function of borders has been thoroughly theorised in border studies in the last two decades. Contemporary border scholars regard borders not as passive lines, but as active and polymorphous social constructions which are the outcome of people's need to make differences. By bringing this broader notion of borders to the transmigration debate, it is argued that migrant transnationalism is about experiencing the border, or experiencing the difference. This broader sense of borders might help to bare the soul of migrant transnationalism, namely the condition of being continuously between here and there.
THE BEAUTIFUL AND THE SUBLIME IN NATURAL SCIENCE
Authors: Walhout Peter K. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract.The various aesthetic phenomena found repeatedly in the scientific enterprise stem from the role of God as artist. If the Creator is an artist, how and why natural scientists study the divine art work can be understood using theological aesthetics and the philosophy of art. The aesthetic phenomena considered here are as follows. First, science reveals beauty and the sublime in natural phenomena. Second, science discovers beauty and the sublime in the theories that are developed to explain natural phenomena. Third, the search for beauty often guides scientists in their work. Fourth, where beauty is perceived, feelings of the sublime often also follow upon further contemplation. This linkage of beauty in science with truth and the sublime runs counter to most aesthetic theory since Kant. Scholarship in theological aesthetics has recently argued that the modern and postmodern elevation of the sublime over beauty is merely a preference that reveals a bias against transcendence—against God. If doing and understanding science can show this sundering of the sublime from the beautiful to be in error, science also gives evidence of transcendence.
STUDENT THINKING WHEN STUDYING SCIENCE‐AND‐RELIGION
Authors: Stolberg Tonie L. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract.Thirteen theology/religious studies students were interviewed while studying science‐and‐religion courses at four different institutions of higher education in the United Kingdom. They held a range of views about science and religion, their respective ontological status, and their science‐and‐religion studies. The interviews reveal that it may be possible to assign individuals to one of four different religioscientific conceptual frameworks and, furthermore, to relate differences in their approach when studying science‐and‐religion to their conceptual framework. The implications for course designers are discussed, including how the frameworks may enable teachers to be more aware of the range of possible reactions students may have while being introduced to science‐and‐religion topics.
THREE THEORIES OF HUMAN NATURE
Authors: Stenmark Mikael 
Published: November 2009

Abstract.In The Blank Slate: The Modern Denial of Human Nature, Steven Pinker maintains that at present there are three competing views of human nature—a Christian theory, a “blank slate” theory (what I call a social constructivist theory), and a Darwinian theory—and that the last of these will triumph in the end. I argue that neither the outcome of such competition nor the particular content of these theories is as clear as Pinker believes. In this essay I take a critical as well as a constructive look at the challenge presented by a Darwinian theory of human nature—a challenge to the social sciences and the humanities and also to theology and more specifically to a Christian understanding of human nature.
Multiple trichoepitheliomas – a novel mutation in the CYLD gene
Authors: Amaro C , Freitas I , Lamarão P , Afonso A , Skrzypczak M , Heinritz W 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackground  Trichoepitheliomas are benign neoplasms with follicular differentiation. They may present as a solitary lesion or as multiple lesions. Multiple trichoepitheliomas are inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern within families, with both variable penetrance and expressivity. Recent investigations support that mutations in CYLD, the gene affected in familial cylindromatosis as well as in Brooke–Spiegler syndrome, are also responsible for multiple trichoepitheliomas.Objective  The authors report the case of a 9‐year‐old African girl with multiple facial trichoepitheliomas in whom a mutation in the CYLD gene was hypothesised.Materials and methods  After genomic DNA extraction from the peripheral blood, a molecular analysis of the CYLD gene was performed by PCR, DHPLC and automated sequencing.Results  A novel heterozygous mutation in exon 18 of the CYLD gene (c.2449delT) was identified, with a deletion of one nucleotide resulting in a premature translational termination codon at amino acid position 831 on the affected allele (p.Cys817Valfs X15).Conclusions  The predominating tumours define the classification of these three entities. Nevertheless, studies suggest that they can simply represent phenotypic variations of the same disease spectrum, sharing common genetic mutations.
Sutural growth restriction and modern human facial evolution: an experimental study in a pig model
Authors: Holton Nathan E. , Franciscus Robert G. , Nieves Mary Ann , Marshall Steven D. , Reimer Steven B. , Southard Thomas E. , Keller John C. , Maddux Scott D. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractFacial size reduction and facial retraction are key features that distinguish modern humans from archaic Homo. In order to more fully understand the emergence of modern human craniofacial form, it is necessary to understand the underlying evolutionary basis for these defining characteristics. Although it is well established that the cranial base exerts considerable influence on the evolutionary and ontogenetic development of facial form, less emphasis has been placed on developmental factors intrinsic to the facial skeleton proper. The present analysis was designed to assess anteroposterior facial reduction in a pig model and to examine the potential role that this dynamic has played in the evolution of modern human facial form. Ten female sibship cohorts, each consisting of three individuals, were allocated to one of three groups. In the experimental group (n = 10), microplates were affixed bilaterally across the zygomaticomaxillary and frontonasomaxillary sutures at 2 months of age. The sham group (n = 10) received only screw implantation and the controls (n = 10) underwent no surgery. Following 4 months of post‐surgical growth, we assessed variation in facial form using linear measurements and principal components analysis of Procrustes scaled landmarks. There were no differences between the control and sham groups; however, the experimental group exhibited a highly significant reduction in facial projection and overall size. These changes were associated with significant differences in the infraorbital region of the experimental group including the presence of an infraorbital depression and an inferiorly and coronally oriented infraorbital plane in contrast to a flat, superiorly and sagittally infraorbital plane in the control and sham groups. These altered configurations are markedly similar to important additional facial features that differentiate modern humans from archaic Homo, and suggest that facial length restriction via rigid plate fixation is a potentially useful model to assess the developmental factors that underlie changing patterns in craniofacial form associated with the emergence of modern humans.
BLOOD DONORS AND BLOOD COLLECTION: Status of blood banking and the blood supply in Afghanistan
Authors: Ayyoubi M. Tayyeb , Konstenius Terri , McCullough Jeffrey C. , Eastlund Ted , Clay Mary , Bowman Robert , Rahmani Ahmad Masoud , Riley William , McCullough Jeffrey 
Published: November 2009

BACKGROUND: As a result of more than 20 years of war in Afghanistan, its blood supply system has been damaged. We carried out an assessment of that blood supply system to determine the type and extent of assistance needed to increase blood availability and safety.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: An assessment tool was developed, daily activities in Afghanistan were observed, and key personnel were interviewed.RESULTS: Because there was no donor recruitment organization, most blood was obtained by the family replacement system. There was an inadequate supply of stored blood, which led to use of blood before screening test results for transfusion‐transmitted disease were complete. Whole blood was provided but blood components were not produced. Blood was tested intermittently for human immunodeficiency virus Types 1 and 2, hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis C virus, and syphilis using agglutination‐based screening methods.CONCLUSIONS: A dedicated staff is in place but to strengthen the blood supply system in Afghanistan, it will be important to address infrastructure and facilities, organization, standard operating methods, supplies and equipment, training, quality assurance, and transfusion medicine education.
Demographic variations in blood donor deferrals in a major metropolitan area
Authors: Shaz B.H. , James A.B. , Hillyer K.L. , Schreiber G.B. , Hillyer C.D. 
Published: November 2009

BACKGROUND: Presenting blood donors are screened to ensure both their safety and that of the recipients of blood products. Donors with identified risks are deferred from donating blood either temporarily or permanently. Minorities are underrepresented as donors in the United States and this may in part be a result of increased donor deferral rates in minorities compared to white individuals.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Data consisted of deferred and successful blood donor presentations to the American Red Cross Southern Region in the metropolitan Atlanta area in 2004 to 2008. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted by race/ethnicity, age group, and sex.RESULTS: A total of 586,159 voluntary donor presentations occurred in 2004 to 2008, of which 79,214 (15.6%) resulted in deferral. In the age 16 to 69 years subset (98.3% of the presentations), deferred presentations were mostly women (78.2%). The most common reason for donor deferral was low hemoglobin (62.6%). The donor deferral rate varied by race/ethnicity, age, and sex: whites (11.1%), Hispanics (14.1%), and African Americans (17.9%); 16‐ to 19‐year‐olds (17.0%) and 50‐ to 59‐year‐olds (11.7%); and females (20.0%) and males (6.2%). Compared to whites and Hispanics, African American females had the highest deferral rate in each age group.CONCLUSIONS: Minorities are disproportionately impacted by blood donor deferrals. Methods to decrease blood donor deferral rates among African Americans are needed.