bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential expression of the nuclear receptors farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and pregnane X receptor (PXR) for grading dysplasia in patients with Barrett’s oesophagus
Authors: van de Winkel Anouk , van Zoest Katinka P M , van Dekken Herman , Moons Leon M G , Kuipers Ernst J , van der Laan Luc J W 
Published: February 2011

van de Winkel A, van Zoest K P M, van Dekken H, Moons L M G, Kuipers E J & van der Laan L J W  (2011) Histopathology58, 246–253 Differential expression of the nuclear receptors farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and pregnane X receptor (PXR) for grading dysplasia in patients with Barrett’s oesophagusAims:  To investigate expression of nuclear receptors farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and pregnane X receptor (PXR) as a diagnostic tool to improve grading of dysplasia in Barrett’s oesophagus patients.Methods and results:  Immunostaining was analysed on a total of 192 biopsy samples of 22 Barrett’s patients with no dysplasia (ND), 17 with low‐grade dysplasia (LGD), 20 high‐grade dysplasia (HGD) and 24 with adenocarcinoma (AC). Nuclear FXR expression was observed in 15 of 22 (68%) ND cases versus none of 19 HGD; 3 of 17 (18%); LGD; 5 of 60 (8%) patients with AC (P < 0.001). FXR expression was highly specific for non‐dysplastic tissue. Nuclear PXR was expressed in 16 of 20 (80%) HGD cases versus two of 16 (13%) LGD cases (PPV 89%). Upon examining adjacent tissue taken from HGD and AC patients, PXR expression was high in samples of all tissue types.Conclusions:  Nuclear receptors are expressed differentially during neoplastic progression, with FXR positivity being useful to distinguish ND from dysplasia and AC. PXR nuclear expression is able to separate HGD from LGD and ND. The combination of FXR and PXR also appears to have diagnostic and possibly prognostic value, but future prospective studies are required to investigate their predictive power for neoplastic progression in Barret’s oesophagus.
Homo‐ and heterotypic cell–cell contacts in Merkel cells and Merkel cell carcinomas: heterogeneity and indications for cadherin switching
Authors: Werling Anna M , Doerflinger Yvette , Brandner Johanna M , Fuchs Franca , Becker Jürgen C , Schrama David , Kurzen Hjalmar , Goerdt Sergij , Peitsch Wiebke K 
Published: February 2011

Werling A M, Doerflinger Y, Brandner J M, Fuchs F, Becker J C, Schrama D, Kurzen H, Goerdt S & Peitsch W K (2011) Histopathology58, 286–303 Homo‐ and heterotypic cell–cell contacts in Merkel cells and Merkel cell carcinomas: heterogeneity and indications for cadherin switchingAims:  Merkel cell carcinomas (MCCs) are rare but aggressive tumours associated recently with Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV). As development and progression of several types of carcinomas can be promoted by changes in cell adhesion proteins, the aim of this study was to examine homo‐ and heterotypic cell contacts of Merkel cells and MCCs.Methods and results:  Merkel cells of healthy glabrous epidermis and 52 MCCs were analysed by double‐label immunostaining, immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. Merkel cells were connected to keratinocytes by E‐ and P‐cadherin, desmoglein 2 and desmocollin 2. In contrast, the vast majority of MCCs (90%) contained N‐cadherin, but only 67% and 65% contained E‐ and P‐cadherin, respectively. Interestingly, P‐cadherin was absent significantly more frequently in lymph node metastases than in primary tumours and by trend in more advanced clinical stages. Moreover, major subsets of MCCs synthesized desmoglein 2 and, surprisingly, tight junction proteins. No significant differences were observed upon stratification for MCV DNA, detected in 84% of tumours by real‐time polymerase chain reaction.Conclusions:  Assuming that MCCs originate from Merkel cells, our data indicate a switch from E‐ and P‐cadherin to N‐cadherin during tumorigenesis. Whether the unexpected heterogeneity of junctional proteins can be exploited for prognostic and therapeutic purposes will need to be examined.
Microfasciculation: a morphological pattern in leprosy nerve damage
Authors: Antunes Sérgio L G , Medeiros Mildred F , Corte‐Real Suzana , Jardim Márcia R , Nery José A da Costa , Hacker Mariana A V B , Valentim Vânia da Costa , Amadeu Thaís Porto , Sarno Euzenir N 
Published: February 2011

Antunes S L G, Medeiros M F, Corte‐Real S, Jardim M R, da Costa Nery J A, Hacker M A V B, da Costa Valentim V, Amadeu T P & Sarno E N (2011) Histopathology58, 304–311Microfasciculation: a morphological pattern in leprosy nerve damageAims:  To study Microfasciculation, a perineurial response found in neuropathies, emphasizing its frequency, detailed morphological characteristics and biological significance in pure neural leprosy (PNL), post‐treatment leprosy neuropathy (PTLN) and non‐leprosy neuropathies (NLN).Methods and results:  Morphological characteristics of microfascicles were examined via histological staining methods, immunohistochemical expression of neural markers and transmission electronmicroscopy. The detection of microfasciculation in 18 nerve biopsy specimens [12 PNL, six PTLN but not in the NLN group, was associated strongly with perineurial damage and the presence of a multibacillary inflammatory process in the nerves, particularly in the perineurium. Immunoreactivity to anti‐S100 protein, anti‐neurofilament, anti‐nerve growth receptor and anti‐myelin basic protein immunoreactivity was found within microfascicles. Ultrastructural examination of three biopsies showed that fibroblast–perineurial cells were devoid of basement membrane despite perineurial‐like NGFr immunoreactivity. Morphological evidence demonstrated that multipotent pericytes from inflammation‐activated microvessels could be the origin of fibroblast–perineurial cells.Conclusions:  A microfasciculation pattern was found in 10% of leprosy‐affected nerves. The microfascicles were composed predominantly of unmyelinated fibres and denervated Schwann cells (SCs) surrounded by fibroblast–perineurial cells. This pattern was found more frequently in leprosy nerves with acid‐fast bacilli (AFB) and perineurial damage while undergoing an inflammatory process. Further experimental studies are necessary to elucidate microfascicle formation.
In situ hybridization detection of homeobox genes reveals distinct expression patterns in oral squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Libório Tatiana N , Acquafreda Thais , Matizonkas‐Antonio Luciana F , Silva‐Valenzuela Maria G , Ferraz Alberto R , Nunes Fabio D 
Published: February 2011

Libório T N, Acquafreda T, Matizonkas‐Antonio L F, Silva‐Valenzuela M G, Ferraz A R & Nunes F D (2011) Histopathology 58, 225–233 In situ hybridization detection of homeobox genes reveals distinct expression patterns in oral squamous cell carcinomasAims:  To analyse the expression of three homeobox genes (HOXA7, PITX1 and PRRX1) in oral squanous cell carcinomas (OSCC) and the relationship of such expression to certain distinct histopathological features of OSCC and in comparison to adjacent non‐neoplastic epithelium (NT).Methods and results:  Digoxigenin‐labelled riboprobes that are specific for each homeobox gene were generated and in situ hybridization was carried out on frozen sections. In NT samples, HOXA7 and PITX1 transcripts were found more frequently in all epithelial layers, while PRRX1 was expressed in the basal layer. With OSCC samples, expression of the three genes was associated with all histological features. However, the HOXA7 and PITX1 signals were more intense in sheets and nests and PRRX1 in small nests and isolated cells.Conclusion:  HOXA7, PIXT1 and PRRX1 homeobox genes have different patterns of expression in OSCC depending on its histological features.
CD151 expression can predict cancer progression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Yoo Seong H , Lee Kyoungbun , Chae Ji Y , Moon Kyung C 
Published: February 2011

Yoo S H, Lee K, Chae J Y & Moon K C (2011) Histopathology 58, 191–197 CD151 expression can predict cancer progression in clear cell renal cell carcinomaAims:  CD151 is known to be implicated in cancer progression and metastasis. The aim was to evaluate the expression of CD151 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) and to assess its prognostic significance.Methods and results:  The expression of CD151 was evaluated in 489 cases of CCRCC by immunohistochemistry. Immunoreactivity was classified into four categories (minimal, 0–10% positive cells; focal, 10–50% positive cells; diffuse moderate, >50% positive cells with moderate staining intensity; diffuse strong, >50% positive cells with strong staining). To determine the statistical significance of CD151 expression in CCRCC, all cases were divided into two groups based on their CD151 expression level: a CD151‐low group (n = 257; minimal and focal) and a CD151‐high group (n = 232; diffuse). Expression of CD151 was correlated positively with pT, pN, pM categories, pathological tumour–node–metastasis (pTNM) stage, nuclear grade, tumour size and patient’s age. The CD151‐high group had significantly shorter cancer‐specific survival (P < 0.001) and progression‐free survival (P < 0.001) times. Furthermore, multivariate analysis showed that CD151 expression was an independent predictor for tumour progression in patients with CCRCC (P = 0.040).Conclusions:  High CD151 expression is associated with advanced stage and high nuclear grade in CCRCC. CD151 is a prognostic marker for tumour progression in CCRCC patients.
Postoperative intra‐arterial methylene blue injection of colorectal cancer specimens increases the number of lymph nodes recovered
Authors: Törnroos Alexander , Shabo Ivan , Druvefors Bengt , Arbman Gunnar , Olsson Hans 
Published: February 2011

Törnroos A, Shabo I, Druvefors B, Arbman G & Olsson H (2011) Histopathology58, 408–413 Postoperative intra‐arterial methylene blue injection of colorectal cancer specimens increases the number of lymph nodes recoveredAims:  To determine the possible advantage of intra‐arterial injection of methylene blue with a view to improving lymph node recovery in postoperative examination of colorectal cancer specimens.Methods and results:  Thirty‐two colorectal cancer specimens were assigned randomly to either dissection with intra‐arterial methylene blue injection or to routine dissection (without methylene blue injection). Immediately postoperatively, the specimens in the staining group were injected intra‐arterially with methylene blue dye. The two procedures were compared with respect to the number of lymph nodes recovered. The number of recovered lymph nodes was significantly higher in the intra‐arterial methylene blue injection group than in the group investigated with routine procedures (P  < 0.0001).Conclusion:  The intra‐arterial methylene blue injection method is fairly easy to use postoperatively and increases significantly the number of lymph nodes recovered in colorectal cancer specimens.
Diagnosis of testicular carcinoma in situ‘(intratubular and microinvasive)’ seminoma and embryonal carcinoma using direct enzymatic alkaline phosphatase reactivity on frozen histological sections
Authors: Stoop Hans , Kirkels Wim , Dohle Gert R , Gillis Ad J M , den Bakker Michael A , Biermann Katharina , Oosterhuis Wolter , Looijenga Leendert H J 
Published: February 2011

Stoop H, Kirkels W, Dohle G R, Gillis A J M, den Bakker M A, Biermann K, Oosterhuis W & Looijenga L H J (2011) Histopathology58, 440–446 Diagnosis of testicular carcinoma in situ‘(intratubular and microinvasive)’ seminoma and embryonal carcinoma using direct enzymatic alkaline phosphatase reactivity on frozen histological sectionsAims:  Testis‐sparing surgery might benefit quality of life, but can only be applied with histological examination for the presence of invasive germ cell tumour components, and the precursor carcinoma in situ (CIS). Currently, diagnosis is based on paraffin‐embedded tissue, therefore a delay in further surgery is mainly unavoidable. The aim was to develop an intraoperative assessment technique using alkaline phosphatase as a marker.Methods and results:  A total of 4093 snap‐frozen samples and matched paraffin‐embedded tissue of 1500 patients were included. Besides standard haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, the direct enzymatic alkaline phosphatase reactivity (dAP) test (duration 15 min) was applied on frozen sections, while H&E and immunohistochemistry for detection of OCT3/4, α‐fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) and cytokeratin was performed on the paraffin‐embedded slides. Endothelial cells served as control for the dAP test. Positive staining was found in all CIS (n = 965), seminoma (n = 1035) and embryonal carcinoma (n = 584), either intratubular, microinvasive or invasive. Differentiated non‐seminomas (n = 1238) showed variable staining. No staining was identified in spermatocytic seminomas (n = 5), testicular lymphomas (n = 42), testicular rhabdomyosarcomas (n = 7), Leydig cell tumours (n = 31), Sertoli‐cell‐only nodules (n = 4), (epi) dermoid cyst (n = 16), normal testicular parenchyma (n = 116), testicular torsion (n = 32) and inflammation of the epididymis (n = 19). The dAP test results matched H&E‐stained parallel sections, as well paraffin‐embedded tissue analysis, including immunohistochemistry.Conclusions:  The dAP test is an informative, reproducible and easy tool to diagnose CIS, (intratubular and microinvasive) seminoma and embryonal carcinoma on frozen tissue sections, being of great value in the context of sparing surgery.
Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences reveal recent divergence in morphologically indistinguishable petrels
Authors: WELCH ANDREANNA J. , YOSHIDA ALLISON A. , FLEISCHER ROBERT C. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractOften during the process of divergence, genetic markers will only gradually obtain the signal of isolation. Studies of recently diverged taxa utilizing both mitochondrial and nuclear data sets may therefore yield gene trees with differing levels of phylogenetic signal as a result of differences in coalescence times. However, several factors can lead to this same pattern, and it is important to distinguish between them to gain a better understanding of the process of divergence and the factors driving it. Here, we employ three nuclear intron loci in addition to the mitochondrial Cytochrome b gene to investigate the magnitude and timing of divergence between two endangered and nearly indistinguishable petrel taxa: the Galapagos (GAPE) and Hawaiian (HAPE) petrels (Pterodroma phaeopygia and P. sandwichensis). Phylogenetic analyses indicated reciprocal monophyly between these two taxa for the mitochondrial data set, but trees derived from the nuclear introns were unresolved. Coalescent analyses revealed effectively no migration between GAPE and HAPE over the last 100 000 generations and that they diverged relatively recently, approximately 550 000 years ago, coincident with a time of intense ecological change in both the Galapagos and Hawaiian archipelagoes. This indicates that recent divergence and incomplete lineage sorting are causing the difference in the strength of the phylogenetic signal of each data set, instead of insufficient variability or ongoing male‐biased dispersal. Further coalescent analyses show that gene flow is low even between islands within each archipelago suggesting that divergence may be continuing at a local scale. Accurately identifying recently isolated taxa is becoming increasingly important as many clearly recognizable species are already threatened by extinction.
Specific phage‐displayed peptides discriminate different forms of neurocysticercosis by antibody detection in the serum samples
Authors: MANHANI M. N. , RIBEIRO V. S. , CARDOSO R. , UEIRA‐VIEIRA C. , GOULART L. R. , COSTA‐CRUZ J. M. 
Published: February 2011

SummaryNeurocysticercosis (NC), caused by Taenia solium metacestode, infects the central nervous system and is a devastating parasitic infection. Diagnosis is based on symptoms, imaging, serology and epidemiology. Current markers present variable sensitivity and specificity, frequent cross‐reactions and are not able to discriminate NC clinical forms. The aim of this study was to select mimotopes of T. solium metacestode antigens that may be used in NC immunodiagnosis, specifically to discriminate between active and inactive forms. A random peptide phage display library was screened against IgY from chickens immunized with total saline extract from T. solium metacestodes and validated against 110 serum samples, classified into active NC (18), inactive NC (22), cross‐reactive parasitic diseases (40) and healthy controls (30). We have successfully selected seven peptides with significant immunoreactivity to IgG of NC patients, with sensitivity ranging from 95·5% to 100% to detect the inactive form and specificity varied from 85·7% to 94·3%. One phage‐displayed peptide (Cc48) can be directly used as biomarker to distinguish inactive from active forms with an accuracy of 95·7%, and this novel mimotope may also be used as an auxiliary tool to neuroimaging tests and treatment follow‐up.
Relaxation‐Based Point Feature Matching for Vector Map Conflation
Authors: Song Wenbo , Keller James M. , Haithcoat Timothy L. , Davis Curt H. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWith the rapid advance of geospatial technologies, the availability of geospatial data from a wide variety of sources has increased dramatically. It is beneficial to integrate / conflate these multi‐source geospatial datasets, since the integration of multi‐source geospatial data can provide insights and capabilities not possible with individual datasets. However, multi‐source datasets over the same geographical area are often disparate. Accurately integrating geospatial data from different sources is a challenging task. Among the subtasks of integration/conflation, the most crucial one is feature matching, which identifies the features from different datasets as presentations of the same real‐world geographic entity. In this article we present a new relaxation‐based point feature matching approach to match the road intersections from two GIS vector road datasets. The relaxation labeling algorithm utilizes iterated local context updates to achieve a globally consistent result. The contextual constraints (relative distances between points) are incorporated into the compatibility function employed in each iteration's updates. The point‐to‐point matching confidence matrix is initialized using the road connectivity information at each point. Both the traditional proximity‐based approach and our relaxation‐based point matching approach are implemented and experiments are conducted over 18 test sites in rural and suburban areas of Columbia, MO. The test results show that our relaxation labeling approach has much better performance than the proximity matching approach in both simple and complex situations.
Identifying difficulties in rapeseed root penetration in farmers’ fields in northern European conditions
Authors: Peltonen‐Sainio P. , Jauhiainen L. , Laitinen P. , Salopelto J. , Saastamoinen M. , Hannukkala A. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractTap‐rooted rapeseed is generally considered sensitive to soil compaction. We examined 473 Finnish rapeseed fields sown in 2007 to 2009 to both spring turnip rape Brassica rapa L. (dominant crop) and oilseed rape Brassica napus L. Roots were rated late in the growing season according to penetration capacity. Roots in each field were rated from G1 (no problems with root penetration) to G5 (failure to penetrate deeper soil layers). There were significant effects of year, crop species, soil type, special soil properties and soil cultivation methods on frequency of G1 and G4+5 roots. Restricted root penetration was a common phenomenon. Typically, fields had <30% G3 and G4+5 roots, however, some fields had >70% G4+5 roots and were cases for serious concern. Yield loss was linearly related to the incidence of G4+5 plants in 2007, but there was no relationship with the other years. Oilseed rape had a greater proportion of G4+5 roots than turnip rape and twice the proportion of G4+5 roots occurred in direct‐drilled fields than in reduced or fully tilled fields. Rapeseed yield decline may at least partly be related to poor root penetration and it is a useful indicator crop to demonstrate the degree of soil compaction and should be cultivated in fields where sufficient root penetration is possible.
Do mucositis lesions around implants differ from gingivitis lesions around teeth?
Authors: Lang Niklaus P. , Bosshardt Dieter D. , Lulic Martina 
Published: February 2011

Lang NP, Bosshardt DD, Lulic M. Do mucositis lesions around implants differ from gingivitis lesions around teeth? J Clin Periodontol 2011; 38 (Suppl. 11): 182–187. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐051X.2010.01667.x.AbstractBackground: The purpose of this review was to compare peri‐implant mucositis and gingivitis with respect to the pathogenesis aspects.Search strategy: An electronic search was performed up to June 2010 based on the PubMed database of the National Library of Medicine and The Cochrane Library of the Cochrane Collaboration (CENTRAL). A hand search considered the bibliography of a recently published review on the same topic (Heitz‐Mayfield & Lang 2010).Results: The host response to biofilms does not differ substantially at teeth or implants. The most obvious sign clinically is the development of an inflammatory lesion as a result of the bacterial challenge. Gingivitis at teeth or peri‐implant mucositis at implants are precursors for more detrimental lesions, and hence have to be diagnosed properly and prevented by applying anti‐infective therapy. Non‐surgical interventions are usually sufficient for the treatment of both gingivitis and mucositis.Conclusions: Gingivitis and peri‐implant mucositis are not fundamentally different from pathogenesis and diagnosis points of view.
What can the periodontal community learn from the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis?
Authors: Culshaw Shauna , McInnes Iain B. , Liew Foo Y. 
Published: February 2011

Culshaw S, McInnes IB, Liew FY: What can the periodontal community learn from the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis? J Clin Periodontol 2011; 38 (Suppl. 11): 106–113. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐051X.2010.01669.x AbstractAim: The aim of this paper is to provide a narrative review of the aetiopathogeneis and treatments of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), focusing on aspects that may share commonality with periodontitis.Results: A myriad of cell types, cytokines and pathways have been investigated in both periodontitis and RA. Chronic inflammatory diseases, including RA, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and periodontitis are likely to share pathogenic mechanisms of inflammation‐mediated solid tissue destruction. The aetiopathogenesis of these diseases has been extensively researched over the last several decades and advances in understanding have revolutionized arthritis therapeutics.Conclusion: The rational, targeted inhibition of mediators in RA has provided clinically useful therapeutics and shed light on mechanisms underpinning disease pathogenesis. RA should be considered a prototypic disease revealing how understanding disease pathogenesis may transform therapeutic options and patient outcomes.