bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural characterization of H plasma‐doped ZnO single crystals by Hall measurements and photoluminescence studies
Authors: Anwand Wolfgang , Brauer Gerhard , Cowan Thomas E. , Heera Viton , Schmidt Heidemarie , Skorupa Wolfgang , von Wenckstern Holger , Brandt Matthias , Benndorf Gabriele , Grundmann Marius 
Published: August 2010

AbstractNominally undoped, hydrothermally grown ZnO single crystals have been investigated prior to and after doping in remote H plasma. Characterizations have been made by temperature‐dependent Hall effect (TDH) and low temperature photoluminescence measurements. The H content before and after the doping has been determined using nuclear reaction analysis and is compared to the density of shallow donors derived from the TDH measurements. The electrical properties of the as‐grown ZnO single crystals are found to differ significantly. This is ascribed to the density ratio of shallow donors and compensating acceptors. PL measurements showed that AlZn, GaZn, and interstitial zinc (Zni) are prominent shallow donors in the as‐grown samples. Remote H plasma treatment produced a metallic conducting near‐surface layer thus masking the electrical properties of the bulk. The electrical properties of the investigated samples are very similar after the treatment, independent of the as‐grown state, because the density of shallow donors far exceeds that of compensating acceptors in the affected near‐surface region. The maximum of the broad near‐bandedge emission is found to be located at 3.3595 eV due to the high doping density.
Comparative evaluation of two different Opuntia ficus‐indica extracts for blood sugar lowering effects in rats
Authors: Butterweck Veronika , Semlin Lydia , Feistel Bjoern , Pischel Ivo , Bauer Katrin , Verspohl Eugen J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractStems of Opuntia ficus‐indica (L.) Mill. (OFI) are traditionally used in Mexico to treat diabetes mellitus. Less research data are available for combinations of stem and fruit preparations. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of an aqueous extract prepared from the cladodes and a proprietary stem/fruit skin‐blend (stem/fruit skin ratio 75/25) of OFI on blood glucose and plasma insulin in normal rats. A dose finding study with the traditional cladode OFI extract revealed that maximum effects on blood glucose and insulin were observed after oral administration in a dose range of 6–176 mg/kg. The proprietary OFI blend significantly lowered blood glucose levels in the glucose tolerance test to a similar extent (p < 0.05 vs control) as the traditional aqueous cladode extract when administered in a dose of 6 mg/kg. In contrast to the aqueous extract, the proprietary blend significantly increased basal plasma insulin levels (p < 0.01 vs control) indicating a direct action on pancreatic beta cells. The results suggest that both OFI extracts exert hypoglycemic activities in rats in doses as low as 6 mg/kg but that the effects of the proprietary stem/fruit blend were more pronounced in our model. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using habitat guilds to develop habitat suitability criteria for a warmwater stream fish assemblage
Authors: Persinger J. W. , Orth D. J. , Averett A. W. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe diversity of fish species found in warmwater stream systems provides a perplexing challenge when selecting species for assessment of instream flow needs from physical habitat analyses. In this paper we examined the feasibility of developing habitat suitability criteria (HSC) for the entire fish community of a warmwater stream using habitat guilds. Each species was placed a priori into a guild structure and habitat data were collected for depth, velocity, Froude number, distance to cover, embeddedness and dominant and subdominant substrate. Correct guild classification was tested with linear discriminant analysis for each species. Correct classification based on habitat‐use data was highest for riffle and pool‐cover guilds, whereas the fast‐generalist and pool‐run classes, the broader niche guilds, were more frequently misclassified. Variables most important for discriminating guilds were Froude number, velocity and depth in that order. Nonparametric tolerance limits were used to develop guild suitability criteria for continuous variables and the Strauss linear index was used for categorical variables. We recommend the use of a wide array of variables to establish more accurate habitat analysis. Additionally, guild HSC can be developed with similar effort to that needed to develop HSC for a small number of individual species. Results indicate that a habitat guild structure can be successfully transferred to another river basin and that habitats for a diverse fish assemblage can be adequately described by a small number of habitat guilds. This approach represents an alternative for incorporating entire fish assemblages into habitat analyses of warmwater stream systems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Capture, governance, and resilience: strategy implications from the history of Rome
Authors: Carmeli Abraham , Markman Gideon D. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractOrganizational resilience is a subject of great interest to management and strategy scholars. Drawing on over 1,000 years of historical data on the Republic of Rome, and focusing primarily on the period of its establishment (509 BC–338 BC), we identify two generic strategies, capture and governance, that together are essential for organizational resilience. Capture strategy relates to market expansions, while governance strategy refers to the capacity of an organization to assimilate, retain, defend, and increase its dominance within annexed markets. The history of Rome also reveals four supporting tactics—saving power, maintaining a stronghold base, isolating and weakening adversaries, and creating forward outposts—that shore up and reinforce the capture and governance strategies, to create a more enduring and resilient enterprise. Interestingly, a system‐wide view of the strategy‐tactic framework also offers insights on resilience through smallness, thus illustrating its conceptual utility to organizations of all sizes including small enterprises. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clarifying the conditions and limits of the contributions of ordinary and dynamic capabilities to relative firm performance
Authors: Drnevich Paul L. , Kriauciunas Aldas P. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractStrategy scholars have argued that capabilities can influence firm performance through a variety of means and mechanisms. However, the role of capabilities and their proposed contributions have been narrowly theorized and insufficiently tested. We contribute to resolving these issues by considering the conditions under which ordinary and dynamic capabilities contribute to higher relative firm performance. We do so by examining the positive and negative contributions of capabilities to relative firm performance as well as the effects of environmental dynamism and the degree of capability heterogeneity. We utilize measures of relative firm performance at both the process and firm level within a sample of Chilean firms, which due to a dynamic environment allows for a clearer link between the environment and the use of capabilities. We find that environmental dynamism negatively affects the contribution of ordinary capabilities and positively affects the contribution of dynamic capabilities to relative firm performance. Further, heterogeneity strengthens the contribution of dynamic capabilities to relative firm performance, but is less important for ordinary capabilities. Interestingly, we find support for the direct effects of capabilities to be stronger with a process‐level performance measure, whereas the influences of environmental dynamism and heterogeneity are stronger with a firm‐level measure. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Privacy preserving context transfer schemes for 4G networks
Authors: Terzis Iosif , Kambourakis Georgios , Karopoulos Giorgos , Lambrinoudakis Costas 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn the near future, wireless heterogeneous networks are expected to interconnect in an all‐IP architecture. An open issue towards this direction is the uninterrupted continuation of the received services during handover between networks employing different access technologies. In this context, Mobile IP (MIP) is a protocol that allows fast and secure handovers. However, MIP per se cannot handle all the issues that surface during handovers in certain services, and more specifically, when the information of the current state of a service requires re‐establishment on the new subnet without having to repeat the entire protocol exchange with the mobile host from the outset. A number of methods have been proposed to solve the aforementioned problem, commonly referred to as secure context transfer. However, while such methods do succeed in minimising the disruption caused by security‐related delays, it seems that little has been done to protect the end‐users' privacy as well. In this paper, a number of privacy enhanced (PE) context transfer schemes are presented. The first two of them have been introduced in a previous work of ours while the other two are novel. All schemes are analysed in terms of message exchange and evaluated through simulations. The performance of our schemes is compared with the standard ones proposed by the Seamoby work group (WG). The results demonstrate that the proposed schemes are very efficient in terms of application handover times, while at the same time guarantee the privacy of the end‐user. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of Phytosteryl Esters by Using Alumina‐Supported Zinc Oxide (ZnO/Al2O3) from Esterification Production of Phytosterol with Fatty Acid
Authors: Meng Xianghe , Pan Qiuyue , Yang Tiankui 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe feasibility of zinc oxide‐catalyzed esterification of natural phytosterols with oleic acid was investigated well by a chemical process. The influences of various reaction parameters were evaluated. Basic solid zinc oxide is the most desirable catalyst due to its high selectivity (more than 90%), reusability, activity and less corrosivity, whereas sterol selectivity with other catalysts, such as H2SO4, NaHSO4and NaOMe, did not exceed 80%. Further results showed that during zinc oxide‐catalyzed synthesis, the nature of the acyl donor was of paramount importance with direct esterification with fatty acids, which gives better results with higher conversion rate selectivity and more mild reaction conditions than transesterification with methyl esters. The substrate molar ratio of 2:1 (oleic acid/phytosterol) was optimal. Other parameters such as optimal catalyst load (0.5%) and temperature (170 °C) showed a maximum production of steryl esters close to 98% after 8 h. It was also found that the amount of trans fatty acid formed in esterification was low, and the trans fatty acid content (%) in the phytosterol oleate ester fraction (3.26%) was much lower than that in free oleic oil (7.35%), which suggested that fatty acids in esters were more stable than free fatty acids regarding the combination with sterol. Immobilized ZnO could be a promising catalyst for replacing homogeneous and corrosive catalysts for esterification reactions of sterol.
Investigation on Sliding Wear Behaviour and Mechanical Properties of Jatropha Oil Cake‐Filled Glass‐Epoxy Composites
Authors: Mohan N. , Natarajan S. , KumareshBabu S. P. , Siddaramaiah  
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe effect of Jatropha oil cake (JOC) filler incorporation into glass fabric‐epoxy (G‐E) composites and its sliding wear and mechanical properties were evaluated. The sliding distance and applied load are the process parameters at constant sliding velocity. The results show that JOC‐filled composites exhibit better sliding wear performance at all test conditions. The wear loss increases with an increase in sliding distance and applied load, whereas under the same conditions, the specific wear rate decreases. The operating wear mechanisms have been studied at higher and lower sliding distances at applied loads of 10 and 20 N by using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The SEM results indicate more severe damage to matrix and glass fibre in unfilled composite systems compared to JOC‐filled composite.
Postnatal experiences influence the behavior in adult male and female Fischer and Lewis rats
Authors: Skripuletz Thomas , Kruschinski Carsten , Pabst Reinhard , von Hörsten Stephan , Stephan Michael 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe postnatal environment with the rat pups' dam as the most important regulator, plays a central role in determining developmental processes of the offspring. Early disturbances of the dam‐pup‐dyade, like separation from the dam for hours (maternal deprivation, MD), or a short period of separation, and exposure to novelty, like the handling stimulation (HA), might induce long‐lasting changes within the individual. To further investigate the susceptibility to these postnatal manipulations with regard to both, sex and genetic background, we used male and female Fischer (F344) and Lewis (LEW) rats.F344 and LEW rats were daily subjected to either HA, MD, or were left undisturbed until weaning. The immediate effects of these manipulations were studied using the mother–pup‐interaction‐test on postnatal days 3–7. At the age of 4 months, animals were subjected to a behavioral test battery, determining activity, exploration, and anxiety‐like behavioral parameters.Postnatal manipulations induced significant alterations of the mother–pup‐interaction patterns that were more pronounced in F344 dams. MD and HA F344 dams were longer off pups than LEW dams. MD F344 pups were longer groomed than MD LEW pups and HA F344 pups were longer passive nursed than HA LEW pups. In adulthood, F344 rats showed increased anxiety‐like behavior compared to LEW rats. Furthermore, females of both strains exhibited more anxiety‐like behavior than males. Test independently, MD led to more anxiety‐like behavior and less exploratory responses, while handled rats exhibited an anxiolytic‐like behavior and increased exploratory responses.In conclusion, postnatal experiences specifically altered the behavioral phenotype in adulthood. While these changes were co‐directional in the two strains and in both sexes, the degree of susceptibility varied.
The good, the bad, and the ugly: Influence of aesthetics on product feature judgments
Authors: Hoegg JoAndrea , Alba Joseph W. , Dahl Darren W. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAs goods commoditize more quickly in terms of functionality, design is increasingly becoming a critical point of differentiation. The present research examines the interaction of aesthetic design and product evaluation, testing the conventional wisdom among practitioners that “what is beautiful is good.” Three studies examine how design influences feature processing when aesthetics and feature performance conflict. Study 1 reveals a bias in the direction of the unattractive product—a negative aesthetic effect—and provides initial evidence that this bias stems from thoughtful reconciliation of incongruous information and a consequent elaboration of the conflicting dimension. Studies 2 and 3 examine boundary conditions.
Computational Identification of miRNAs and Their Target Genes from Expressed Sequence Tags of Tea (Camellia Sinensis)
Authors: Prabu G.R. , Mandal A.K.A. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a newly identified class of small non-protein-coding post-transcriptional regulatory RNA in both plants and animals. The use of computational homology based search for expressed sequence tags (ESTs) with the Ambros empirical formula and other structural feature criteria filter is a suitable combination towards the discovery and isolation of conserved miRNAs from tea and other plant species whose genomes are not yet sequenced. In the present study, we blasted the database of tea (Camellia sinensis) ESTs to search for potential miRNAs, using previously known plant miRNAs. For the first time, four candidate miRNAs from four families were identified in tea. Using the newly identified miRNA sequences, a total of 30 potential target genes were identified for 11 miRNA families; 6 of these predicted target genes encode transcription factors (20%), 16 target genes appear to play roles in diverse physiological processes (53%) and 8 target genes have hypothetical or unknown functions (27%). These findings considerably broaden the scope of understanding the functions of miRNA in tea.
Points de torsion sur les variétés abéliennes de type GSp
Authors: Hindry Marc , Ratazzi Nicolas 
Published: August 2010

RésuméSoitAune variété abélienne définie sur un corps de nombresK, le nombre de points de torsion définis sur une extension finieLest borné polynomialement en terme du degré [L:K]. LorsqueAest isogène à un produit de variétés abéliennes simples de type GSp, c'est-à-dire dont le groupe de Mumford–Tate est « générique » (isomorphe au groupe des similitudes symplectiques) et vérifiant la conjecture de Mumford–Tate, nous calculons l'exposant optimal dans cette borne, en terme de la dimension des sous-variétés abéliennes deA. Le résultat est inconditionnel pour un produit de variétés abéliennes simples dont l'anneau d'endomorphismes est ℤ et la dimension n'appartient pas à un ensemble exceptionnel expliciteS= {4, 10, 16, 32, …}. Par ailleurs nous prouvons, suivant une stratégie de Serre, que si la conjecture de Mumford–Tate est vraie pour des variétés abéliennes de type GSp, alors la conjecture de Mumford–Tate est vraie pour un produit de telles variétés abéliennes.
SPRINT: side-chain prediction inference toolbox for multistate protein design
Authors: Fromer Menachem , Yanover Chen , Harel Amir , Shachar Ori , Weiss Yair , Linial Michal 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Summary: SPRINT is a software package that performs computational multistate protein design using state-of-the-art inference on probabilistic graphical models. The input to SPRINT is a list of protein structures, the rotamers modeled for each structure and the pre-calculated rotamer energies. Probabilistic inference is performed using the belief propagation or A* algorithms, and dead-end elimination can be applied as pre-processing. The output can either be a list of amino acid sequences simultaneously compatible with these structures, or probabilistic amino acid profiles compatible with the structures. In addition, higher order (e.g. pairwise) amino acid probabilities can also be predicted. Finally, SPRINT also has a module for protein side-chain prediction and single-state design.
Availability: The full C++ source code for SPRINT can be freely downloaded from http://www.protonet.cs.huji.ac.il/sprint
Contact: fromer@cs.huji.ac.il
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Length of delay in seeking medical care by patients with heart failure symptoms and the role of symptom‐related factors: a narrative review
Authors: Gravely‐Witte Shannon , Jurgens Corrine Y. , Tamim Hala , Grace Sherry L. 
Published: August 2010

AimsThe delay in seeking timely medical care by patients with acute coronary syndrome and stroke is well established. Less is known about the delay in patients with heart failure (HF). Reducing the delay in seeking care and the early initiation of treatment is associated with improved outcomes in patients with HF. The purpose of this narrative review was to describe the length of the delay in seeking care for HF symptoms and identify symptom‐related factors that contribute to the delay in seeking medical care.Methods and resultsA literature search was conducted to identify English language studies that (i) describe the length of care‐seeking delay for HF symptoms and/or (ii) identify symptom‐related factors that contribute to delay in seeking medical care. The results of this review demonstrate that upon hospital admission patients report wide variations in median symptom time course from 2 h to 7 days from the onset of symptoms to hospital admission. The ability of patients to recognize, interpret, and appraise HF symptoms has been demonstrated to be limited. Symptom characteristics such as dyspnoea, oedema, orthopnoea, higher somatic awareness, higher symptom distress, nocturnal symptom onset, and the pattern of symptom onset were related to longer delay in care‐seeking for HF symptoms. Furthermore, cognitive responses to HF may also play an important role in symptom appraisal.ConclusionDelays in seeking care for HF symptoms have been shown to range from hours to days from symptom onset to hospital admission. Healthcare professionals should therefore be more vigilant in identifying high‐risk individuals and educating them about the warning signs of HF. Moreover, access to outpatient chronic disease management programmes may have the potential to reduce these delays.
Life-history traits of the giant squid Architeuthis dux revealed from stable isotope signatures recorded in beaks
Authors: Guerra Ángel , Rodríguez-Navarro Alejandro B. , González Ángel F. , Romanek Chris S. , Álvarez-Lloret Pedro , Pierce Graham J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractGuerra, Á., Rodríguez-Navarro, A. B., González, Á. F., Romanek, C. S., Álvarez-Lloret, P., and Pierce, G. J. 2010. Life-history traits of the giant squid Architeuthis dux revealed from stable isotope signatures recorded in beaks. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1425–1431. Carbon and nitrogen isotope profiles constructed from the upper beaks of four giant squid Architeuthis dux from the Bay of Biscay and Namibian waters provided a time-integrated record of their diet. Values of δ15N ranged from 5.5 to 13.4‰ and of δ13C from −14.4 to −17.8‰. Nitrogen isotope profiles differed significantly in shape among the four animals analysed, but δ15N increased along each profile, with lowest values around the rostral tip. The difference between the lowest and the highest δ15N values was ∼5.8‰, slightly less than a two-level difference between the trophic position of small and large A. dux. The increase in δ13C values was not as pronounced as for the δ15N profiles, but the changes suggest an ontogenetic shift in diet early in life from smaller prey of relatively low trophic status to larger prey of higher status. Fluctuations in δ13C values observed near the rostral tip may be associated with a greater intrinsic variability in the carbon isotope composition of relatively small prey, and/or transient migratory behaviour early in life. The relative stability of the δ13C profiles over the remainder of their lifespan is consistent with the hypothesis that adult giant squid inhabit relatively small, well-defined, and productive areas, where food resources have a constant carbon isotope composition.