bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonverbal Teaching Behavior and the Health Educator
Authors: Fetter M. Patricia 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThe role of the health educator is rapidly changing. With this change comes the need to analyze the teaching techniques used by the health educator to disseminate health information. There is very little research to date in health education dealing with the issue of teacher‐learner interaction. Because of the unique issues raised in this domain, research designs used in other areas of education do not meet the specific needs of health education.The study was designed initially to determine if nonverbal teaching behavior of health educators would be different if they were exposed to a systematic self‐analysis process. Utilizing health educators in 28 secondary schools in central New York State, the subjects were videotaped and their behavior analyzed with a self‐analysis instrument.The results of the study showed a need for written and oral feedback if health educators are to become aware of their teaching behavior. Ongoing self‐analysis, too, appeared essential in changing teaching behavior as did the use of videotaping. Duplicate studies in this area are essential in determining whether teacher behavior can be altered in a positive direction.
Physical and Behavioral Aspects of Middle Ear Disease in School Children
Authors: McDermott John C. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTMiddle ear disease is today's primary aural health problem in school‐age children. Until recently, pediatric health researchers were aware only of the medical consequences that middle ear disease had on children. Except in a few cases of chronic otitis media, the effects of middle ear disease were considered transitory. However, current research on middle ear disease suggests permanent changes in hearing sensitivity, reduced development of the auditory neural network and developmental delays in speech, language and cognitive skills dependent on hearing. This article presents a review of recent studies on the physical and behavioral aspects of middle ear disease and its sequelae in school children.
Current Status of Statewide School Health Education Programs in Michigan
Authors: DuShaw Martha L. , Hansen Stella 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThis study surveyed all Michigan public school principals regarding the current status of comprehensive school health education being provided in Michigan public schools. A 32‐item survey was developed, pretested, revised and mailed to all public school principals in Michigan. Followup letters were sent to nonrespondents. A phone survey was conducted to nonrespondent principals after the cut‐off date to verify survey responses. All data was analyzed by elementary, junior high school and high school population. The areas of professional preparation, inservice education, application and utilization of the Essential Performance Objectives for Health Education in Michigan, the content and time allotted for health education, and the lack of a well‐developed organizational structure for health education have been articulated as deficit areas in the current status of comprehensive school health education. This survey provided much information for future consideration by educators, public and private health organizations, and other individuals and groups interested in school health in Michigan.
Ethical Theories for Promoting Health Through Behavioral Change
Authors: O'Connell Janelle K. , Price James H. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThe various philosophical orientations for changing people's unhealthy behaviors are examined. The ethical theories of natural law, utilitarianism, paternalism and distributive justice are reviewed in relation to changing people's behaviors. Finally, the health educators' role in behavior change is examined and it is recommended that heatlh educators may need to limit the conditions in which they intervene into the lives of others.
Focus on the School‐Aged Child in Family Intervention
Authors: Hinman Lesley M. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTA practice situation in school nursing involving a school‐aged child and his family is described from assessment of the problem to evaluation of care using several guides. The Roy Adaptation Model serves as a theoretical framework as the nurse applies principles of holistic health and utilizes the Family Assessment and Intervention Identifier. Considerable emphasis is placed on specific measures used to meet the behavioral indices set up by the Family Assessment Tool. Principles of the Roy Adaptation Model and holistic health are described in relation to the intervention for this family to illustrate how a conceptual framework can guide practice while allowing incorporation of related theories.
Linking Health Screening To Health Education Learning Modules for Elementary School Students: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Feuerstein Paula , Galli Nicholas 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to develop and assess an elementary health education curriculum based upon health screening procedures. A modular format was used which enables students to progress at a self‐determined pace. Mastery of subject matter is insured, since progression to other modules is based upon satisfactory completion of preceding packets.A total of 60 fourth grade students from two classes were selected by a block randomization process to participate in the study. An experimental and control group were designated and pre‐tested. The experimental group was subjected to the prototype curriculum, while the control group was exposed to the traditional health screening program routinely implemented in the district. Upon completion of their respective units, both groups were post‐tested to assess gains in achievement.No significant (p < .01) pre‐test differences existed between each group of students. While both groups made gains in health knowledge on post‐test scores, the experimental group scored significantly (p < .01) higher than the control group. It appears the prototype curriculum is a more effective approach in teaching health than the traditional approach at this grade level. The authors suggest that this study be replicated on a larger scale and include the entire complement of modules.
The Health Belief Model
Authors: Herold Edward S. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThe objective of this paper is to go beyond the general statement that the Health Belief Model be applied to family planning research. It will show specifically how the major concepts of the model can be applied to family planning in general, and in particular to the use or non‐use of contraception among sexually active young females. The paper also responds to criticism of the use of the Health Belief Model in family planning.
Decision Making And Health Education
Authors: Duryea Elias J. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTA philosophical position is proposed that assesses the significance of the present emphasis focused on health decision making. A review of the theoretical perspectives on the decision‐making process is outlined. A position statement is offered that clarifies the function and role of decision making within the field of Health Education. A rationale is provided that proposes health decision making efforts be limited to those health areas where definitive epidemiologic evidence is available linking a health behavior (i.e., smoking) to a major health problem (i.e., lung cancer). Recommendations for the future direction of investigations in this area arc presented in the form of research questions.
Awareness, Knowledge and Perceived Risk for Toxic Shock Syndrome in Relation to Health Behavior
Authors: Riggs Richard S. , Noland Melody Powers 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this investigation was to determine the relationship of awareness, knowledge and perceived risk for toxic shock syndrome (TSS) in relation to health behavior. Female college students at a large urban university responded to an 18‐item multiple choice questionnaire. The data obtained revealed a high awareness among the 306 subjects who participated in the study, yet many of these women lacked essential knowledge about TSS. Perceived knowledge and perceived risk for developing TSS were significantly related to: (1) menstrual product used before an awareness of TSS; (2) menstrual product presently used; and (3) changing menstrual products due to a concern for TSS. Actual knowledge was also found to be related to the subjects' changing menstrual products due to a concern for TSS. Twenty‐one percent of the subjects in this study actually did change their health behavior due to a concern for TSS.
Historical Trends in the Use of Television in Health Education
Authors: Kill Bette , King Linda Sue 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTAlthough health education is a relatively new professional discipline, health educators have actively utilized television for informational and persuasive purposes since its inception as a public mass medium. Informational messages have been developed for classroom and public television, while persuasive messages have been developed for commercial television. With the current health education emphasis on developing and maintaining behaviors conducive to health, the school health educator can blend both informational and persuasive methods to create a more dynamic classroom teaching environment.
Progress and Focus of the National Childhood Immunization Campaign
Authors: Paskert Catherine J. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTIn response to the alarming incidence of vaccine preventable childhood diseases in the late 1960s and early 1970s a nationwide campaign to improve and maintain immunization levels for selected diseases was instituted in 1977 by the Department of Health, Education and Welfare. Another program with the goal of eliminating indigenous measles by 1982 was announced the following year.As a result of efforts in federal, state and local quarters, an overall immunization level of 90% has been reached among the school‐age population for diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, measles, mumps and rubella. Although more newborns and preschool children have been vaccinated, there is a need to better protect these youngsters. With the measles case rate at an all‐time low and transmission within the country drastically limited, the goal to eliminate native measles in the near future may be achievable.After nearly six years of concerted activity, immunization levels have improved so that attention has shifted to the development and implementation of a system to permanently maintain these high levels. Continuing support from the public and private sectors is vital if the campaign is to succeed.
Weight Reduction and Maintenance for Overweight, Mentally Retarded Students, Ages 9–17
Authors: Nelson Evelyn C. , Catchings Mildred W. , Pendleton Thelma B. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to determine if overweight, mentally retarded students could safely lose weight and maintain their individual losses through a given time period (6 months). Minor changes in nutrition, and a simple activity program planned by school professionals was used. The program was implemented by school personnel and parents.
Values Clarification As A Technique For Family Planning Education
Authors: Toohey Jack V. , Valenzuela Gloria J. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTA Spanish language family planning education program utilizing the dynamics of values clarification has been designed and implemented in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico.The design of the program features three basic personality identification activities to help individuals identify other dimensions of adult life expression than child rearing. In addition, a series of simple and precise scenarios specifically related to family planning are presented. Each scenario is accompanied by a set of valuing questions that direct the learner to respond to the scenario.The activity booklet is entitled, “Clarificacion De Valores En La Planificacion Familar.” The booklet requires the learner to make responses to the learning materials. Responses are then used as a basis for inferring that people are comprehending and above all personalizing knowledge about themselves and their culture and family planning.The program is cross cultural and can be used in Spanish speaking communities in the U.S. Its English language form can be used with English speaking target populations.Statistical analysis of seven critical categories of the program indicated that the shifts in attitudes from pre‐to post‐values, whether positive or negative (desirable or undesirable), were not significant at the .05 level of confidence. It should, however, be noted that small shifts in the rate of natural increase, or rate of natural decrease for population growth can have a dramatic effect on population growth when multiplied by time.
Food Habits and Preferences of Vietnamese Children
Authors: Nguyen Thuy Thi , Do Tam Huu , Craig Winston J. , Zimmerman Grenith 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTIn this study, information on food preferences and intake frequencies of 70 Vietnamese children was gathered by means of a questionnaire. The purpose was to compare the dietary habits of children who had been in the U.S. for more than one year with those of children arriving within the past year (1981). The results showed that children less than six years old who came to California more than one year ago consumed green leafy vegetables less frequently (p < 0.01) and vitamin supplements more frequently (p < 0.01) than those who came here recently. In the older groups (> 6yrs), those who have been resident in the U.S. for more than one year consumed peanut butter and sweets (ice cream, pies, milkshakes) more frequently than those who had just arrived (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively). Older children (age > 6 yrs) who had been in the U.S. longer preferred American foods more than those who had just come (p < 0.01). The majority of all children ate fruits as snacks. The consumption of rice, eggs, cheese, milk, meats and fruit juice was not significantly different in any of the four groups. This study also revealed a great need of nutrition education for the Vietnamese refugee mothers. Recommendations for planning nutrition education for this population are provided.
Intentional Teenage Pregnancies
Authors: Cohen Stuart Joseph 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTRecent evidence indicates that many teenagers, despite access to birth control information and services, are choosing not to utilize them, and, therefore, are becoming intentionally pregnant. Several studies have begun to provide reasons for this new dilemma and profiles of those teenagers who become intentionally pregnant. New strategies have to be developed by health care professionals to combat this problem. Some suggestions are presented.
Great Sensations: A Program to Encourage Heart Healthy Snacking by High School Students
Authors: Simons‐Morton Bruce G. , Coates Thomas J. , Saylor Keith E. , Sereghy Eva , Barofsky Ivan 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThe Great Sensations program consisted of three interrelated educational strategies — classroom instruction, parent outreach, and media campaign. These strategies were designed to teach inner‐city high school students about salt and high blood pressure, and to encourage them to eat more low‐salt snacks and fewer high‐salt snacks. Eight classes at the experimental school were randomly assigned to class instruction or parent outreach in a factoral design. All students in the experimental school were exposed to the media campaign. Students at a nearby high school served as the comparison group. All but a few of the 490 students at the two schools were black. Students who received the classroom instruction reported lower Salty Snack selection and higher Target Snack selection at posttest and eight‐week follow‐up. Students receiving media only reported lower Salty Snack selection at posttest but this condition returned to baseline by eight weeks. The control group reported little change in snack selection at posttest and eight weeks. After six months, program effects were no longer evident for either experimental group.
Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia: Questions and Answers for School Personnel
Authors: Mallick M. Joan 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTBy understanding the signs and symptoms of anorexia and bulimia, school personnel can play a vital role in the early detection and treatment measures necessary to successful treatment. This article answers questions most commonly asked about eating disorders by school personnel. It provides specific information about early detection measures, approaches to use when confronting the suspected student, and methods to facilitate entry into treatment.
A Nursing Care Plan for the Handicapped Student
Authors: Dunn Joan Dolce 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this paper is to encourage school nurses to document the nursing process when caring for the handicapped student. When the nursing process is properly documented, the result is the nursing care plan. This care plan identifies the diagnosed health needs and defines, in behavioral terms, the goals and interventions designed to meet those needs. A nursing care plan serves a three‐fold purpose: 1) It provides a framework to bring students to their maximum health potential; 2) It is applicable to the federally‐mandated Individualized Education Plan (IEP) because both are written with behavioral, student‐centered goals, and interventions; and 3) It demonstrates a clearly defined and essential role of the school nurse with the handicapped student. This paper presents the current concept of the nursing process and concludes with an example of the nursing care plan.
Health Needs of High School Students in Detroit
Authors: Giblin Paul T. , Poland Marilyn L. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThis project identified the health care needs and information concerns of high school students who were potential patients for a new adolescent health clinic in Detroit. Questionnaires assessed current health problems, information needs, and factors affecting use of health services by 613 predominantly black, urban, high school students at a regional high school (n = 187, X̄ age = 16.8) and a neighborhood high school (n = 426, X̄ age = 15). Reported health problems included eating the proper foods, school problems, acne, depression, and headaches. Expressed health information needs included skin problems, drugs, gender, and birth control. Differences among school, age, and gender were noted. Subjects preferred continuity of provider care and receiving health information by private, direct, patient‐physician contact. The findings were used in staff training and in program planning for the adolescent health clinic for high‐risk youth.
Sexuality Education: A More Realistic View of its Effects
Authors: Kirby Douglas 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTSexuality education has been proffered as a partial solution to a variety of adolescent sexual problems. Research demonstrates that programs increase knowledge, but have little direct impact on values and attitudes, actual sexual behavior, use of birth control, and teen‐age pregnancy. This article compares the effects of sexuality education programs with the results of other educational programs and discusses why sex education programs may increase knowledge, but may not effectively change behavior. Finally, good reasons to offer sexuality education are discussed.
The Role of Focus Group Interviews in Designing a Smoking Prevention Program
Authors: Heimann‐Ratain Giselle , Hanson Molly , Peregoy Stephen M. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to gather data that would be applied to the design of an adolescent smoking prevention program. Focus group interviews, a form of qualitative research used in social marketing, were used to gather information from the adolescent participants to ensure that the program would reflect the needs and interests of the target population. The participants consisted of sixth graders from urban and rural areas, and black and white populations of low socioeconomic status. A total of eight focus groups was conducted with eight participants in each focus group. Activities such as auctions, roleplays, and guided discussions were carried out to learn about participant likes, dislikes, values, ideas, and abilities to turn down cigarettes. Following substantiation by a quantitative evaluation, this information was incorporated into the program and materials to ensure the maximum effectiveness of the intervention.
Knowledge of Toxic Shock Syndrome Among Adolescent Females: A Need for Education
Authors: Witzig Diane K. , Ostwald Sharon K. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTToxic shock syndrome (TSS) has been identified as a potentially fatal but preventable illness that causes disease, disability, and premature death, especially among adolescent females using high absorbency tampons. In 1983 the authors surveyed 129 high school girls in three midwestern senior high schools to determine the relationship between choice of a menstrual product and knowledge about toxic shock syndrome. The study found that the knowledge level of adolescent females about TSS was fragmented and inaccurate. No significant relationship was found between choice of a menstrual product and knowledge about TSS; very little variation existed between the scores for napkin users, regular tampon users, and high absorbency tampon users. Results of the study are discussed in terms of the implications for the health of adolescent females. Recommendations are offered for utilizing health professionals, parents, and the news media in the development of toxic shock education programs.
Helping School‐Age Children Cope With Tourette Syndrome
Authors: Parker Karen 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTTourette Syndrome, a neurological “tic” disorder characterized by involuntary muscular movements and vocal sounds, can be psychologically devastating and unbearable for the school‐age child. Through the help and support of educational and medical professionals, children and their families can learn to accept and cope with the uncontrollable, bizarre behavior of the Tourette Syndrome.
A Study of Current School Nurse Practice Activities
Authors: White Donna H. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTIn this paper a survey of activities of school nurses will be described. A brief summary of the history of school nursing is included as an introduction to the analysis of the current activities of school nurses. Five current school nurse activity clusters are identified from findings of a study of activities: physical, supportive, educative, administrative, and clerical. The development and implementation of administrative skills are cited as major challenges for school nurses in the 1980s.
Medical and Educational Literature on Physician/Teacher Collaboration
Authors: Marshall Richard M. , Wuori Donald F. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTRecent changes in the education of exceptional children are placing new demands on physicians and teachers to work together. This article reviews the published educational and medical literature on physician/teacher collaboration. Articles from both fields contend that collaboration is necessary, desirable, and possible. As expected, all articles favor increased collaboration, however, specific guidelines to improve collaboration are surprisingly scarce. Suggestions to improve collaboration are provided.