bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geothermo‐mechanical alterations due to heat energy extraction in enhanced geothermal systems: Overview and prospective directions
Authors: Ngoma Mary C. , Kolawole Oladoyin , Olorode Olufemi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGeothermal energy from deep underground (or geological) formations, with or without its combination with carbon capture and storage (CCS), can be a key technology to mitigate anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and meet the 2050 net‐zero carbon emission target. Geothermal resources in low‐permeability and medium‐ and high‐temperature reservoirs in sedimentary sequence require hydraulic stimulation for enhanced geothermal systems (EGS). However, fluid migration for geothermal energy in EGS or with potential CO2 storage in a CO2‐EGS are both dependent on the in situ flow pathway network created by induced fluid injection. These thermo‐mechanical interactions can be complex and induce varying alterations in the mechanical response when the working fluid is water (in EGS) or supercritical CO2 (in CO2‐EGS), which could impact the geothermal energy recovery from geological formations. Therefore, there is a need for a deeper understanding of the heat extraction process in EGS and CO2‐EGS. This study presents a systematic review of the effects of changes in mechanical properties and behavior of deep underground rocks on the induced flow pathway and heat recovery in EGS reservoirs with or without CO2 storage in CO2‐EGS. Further, we proposed waterless‐stimulated EGS as an alternative approach to improve heat energy extraction in EGS. Lastly, based on the results of our literature review and proposed ideas, we recommend promising areas of investigation that may provide more insights into understanding geothermo‐mechanics to further stimulate new research studies and accelerate the development of geothermal energy as a viable clean energy technology.
Sex differences in clinical characteristics and long‐term clinical outcomes in Asian hospitalized heart failure patients
Authors: Chen Chun‐Chao , Chiu Chun‐Chih , Hao Wen‐Rui , Hsu Min‐Huei , Liu Ju‐Chi , Lin Jiunn‐Lee 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimsSex differences in long‐term post‐discharge clinical outcomes in Asian patients hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure (HF) persist despite the world‐wide implementation of guideline‐directed medical therapy for decades. The present study aims to elucidate the puzzling dilemma and to depict the directions of solution.Methods and resultsBetween 2011 and 2020, a total of 12 428 patients (6518 men and 5910 women, mean age 73.50 ± 14.85) hospitalized for acute decompensated HF were retrospectively enrolled from a university HF cohort. Compared with men, women hospitalized for acute decompensated HF were older in age (76.40 ± 13.43 vs. 71.20 ± 15.67 years old, P < 0.0001) with more coexisting hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia and moderate to severe chronic kidney disease, but less with ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (P < 0.0001). In echocardiography measurement parameters, women had smaller left ventricular and left atrial dimensions, higher left ventricular mass index, higher left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and more in HF with preserved ejection fraction (EF) category (LVEF > 50%) than men (P < 0.0001). In HF therapy, women compared with men received more guideline‐directed medical HF therapies including angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitors and sodium–glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors, but similar beta‐blockers and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (P < 0.0001). Post‐discharge long‐term clinical outcomes after multivariate‐adjusted analysis revealed that women compared with men had lower all‐cause mortality [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR): 0.89, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.84–0.93], lower cardiovascular mortality (aHR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.80–0.99) and lower 1 year mortality (aHR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.84–0.99) but similar HF rehospitalization rate (aHR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.95–1.09) over 8 years of follow‐up. The superiority of women over men in all‐cause mortality was shown in HF with preserved EF (>50%) and HF with mildly reduced EF (40%–50%), but not in HF with reduced EF (<40%) category. Subgroup forest plot analysis showed body mass index, coexisting hypertension and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as significant interacting factors.ConclusionsWith more coronary risk factors and medical comorbidities, less cardiac remodelling and better adherence to guideline‐directed HF therapy, women hospitalized for acute decompensated HF demonstrated superiority over men in long‐term post‐discharge clinical outcomes, including all‐cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality and 1 year mortality, and mainly in HF with preserved and mid‐range EF categories, in the Asian HF cohort.
Optimal scheduling of regional integrated energy systems with hot dry rock enhanced geothermal system based on information gap decision theory
Authors: Liu Qingfeng , Mohamed Mohamed A. , Ilinca Adrian , Annuk Andres , Nasr Emad Abouel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHot dry rock (HDR) is regarded as a promising resource of geothermal energy and becomes an important field for future geothermal development due to its advantages of high temperature, wide distribution and huge reserves. At present, HDR research is mainly focused on the modeling and efficiency evaluation of power generation cycle, but its relationship with the source side of the system has not been considered in the field of integrated energy systems. Therefore, this paper proposes a day‐ahead scheduling method for regional integrated energy systems (RIES) with HDR based on information gap decision theory (IGDT). First, the heat transfer system model of HDR is established according to the energy flow model and basic structure of the HDR enhanced geothermal system (EGS). Second, a comprehensive geothermal energy system scheduling model is established from HDR based on the energy hub modeling structure. Then, the IGDT is introduced to analyze the renewable energy output uncertainty in the model. Finally, through a real RIES analysis, the simulation results verified the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed model. The scheduling cost was ¥47,073 when EGS participated in the scheduling. Access to EGS reduced the system's total 24‐h energy purchase by 8305 kW, natural gas consumption by 3051.9 m3, and total carbon emissions by 742.28 kg. The latter emphasized that the proposed model achieves the purpose of reducing the system cost, saving energy and reducing emissions.
Electroosmotic strengthening of soft clay under different electrification modes
Authors: Sun Zhaohua , Xu Shuwen , Zhang Cheng , Geng Jingxian , Gu Yefeng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractElectrification mode is one of the important factors affecting the energy consumption and drainage effect of the electroosmosis method. In this work, a series of laboratory tests were performed to explore the impact of continuous changes in the electric field on the migration of ions and electrons, as well as the migration of electroosmotic flow. The results show that different electrification modes had a significant impact on the current and water discharge. An electrode reversed from anode to cathode, from one circuit to another, is beneficial to drainage, while an electrode reversed from cathode to anode, from one circuit to another, is unfavorable to drainage. The drainage effect of the specific cyclic and progressive electroosmosis (CPE) is not as good as the conventional electroosmosis method. However, combining the two electrification modes can further enhance the shear strength of the soil near a designated electrode. The generation of transverse cracks in soil is mainly due to the drainage difference caused by the electroosmotic flow, which is caused by the adjacent electric field at that location. When the electroosmotic flow is strong, longitudinal cracks will occur in the soil along the strongest electroosmotic flow path. In practical in situ engineering applications, the electrification mode of CPE will be more energy‐efficient than conventional electrification modes with the same processing time.
Identification and variation of specific volatile compounds during fruit development and postharvest stage in Japanese apricot (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.) fruit
Authors: Li Aoting , Liu Kang , Segbo Silas , Gao Zhihong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFruit aroma of Japanese apricot is distinct, and the specific volatile compounds are not clearly known during fruit development and during post‐harvest stage. This study therefore aimed to explore the volatile compounds present during these stages. The volatile compounds were analysed by headspace solid‐phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. OAV, PCA and electronic nose techniques were used to determine the characteristic aroma components. Enzyme‐linked immunoassay (ELISA) was also applied to determine the activity of enzymes. The results showed that in the cultivars ‘Xiyeqing’ a total of 52 components that included 20 terpenes, 15 aldehydes, 9 esters, 3 ketones and 5 other substances were detected during fruit development and post‐harvest stage. While in the cultivar ‘Xiaoyezhugan’ a total of 49 components that included 25 terpenes, 7 aldehydes, 11 esters, 1 alcohol, 3 ketones and 2 other substances were also detected during fruit development and post‐harvest stage. We concluded that the characteristic volatile compounds of mature Japanese apricot fruit were (+)‐limonene, linalool, damascenone, β‐damascenone and nonanal, finding the basis for the fruity, floral and sweet aroma of the Japanese apricot fruit. Further analysis indicated that low temperature inhibited the synthesis of esters and terpenes, and dark conditions were more favourable to the synthesis of volatile compounds than light conditions. Short‐term storage of Japanese apricot fruit at room temperature and dark conditions was conducive for the maintenance of volatile compounds, and low‐temperature storage was the most destructive to the fruit volatile compounds. These findings form a theoretical foundation for exploring the specific volatile compound of Japanese apricot and helped to determine the optimal storage condition of post‐harvest stage for Japanese apricot fruit.
Structural changes in eloquent cortex secondary to glioma in sensorimotor area
Authors: Guo Yuhao , Bao Hongbo , Wei Zhishuo , Fang Shengyu , Jiang Tao , Wang Yinyan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the structural reorganization in the sensorimotor area of the brain in patients with gliomas, distinguishing between those with impaired and unimpaired strength. Using voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) and region of interest (ROI) analysis, gray matter volumes (GMV) were compared in the contralesional primary motor gyrus, primary sensory gyrus, premotor area, bilateral supplementary motor area, and medial Brodmann area 8 (BA8). The results revealed that in patients with right hemisphere gliomas, the right medial BA8 volume was significantly larger in the impaired group than in the unimpaired group, with both groups exceeding the volume in 16 healthy controls (HCs). In patients with left hemisphere gliomas, the right supplementary motor area (SMA) was more pronounced in the impaired group compared to the unimpaired group, and both groups were greater than HCs. Additionally, the volumes of the right medial BA8 in both the impaired group were greater than HCs. Contralateral expansions in the gray matter of hand‐ and trunk‐related cortices of the premotor area, precentral gyrus, and postcentral gyrus were observed compared to HCs. Furthermore, a negative correlation was found between hand Medical Research Council (MRC) score and volumes of the contralateral SMA and bilateral medial BA8. Notably, our findings reveal consistent results across both analytical approaches in identifying significant structural reorganizations within the sensorimotor cortex. These consistent findings underscore the adaptive neuroplastic responses to glioma presence, highlighting potential areas of interest for further neurosurgical planning and rehabilitation strategies.
Network and state specificity in connectivity‐based predictions of individual behavior
Authors: Kraljević Nevena , Langner Robert , Küppers Vincent , Raimondo Federico , Patil Kaustubh R. , Eickhoff Simon B. , Müller Veronika I. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPredicting individual behavior from brain functional connectivity (FC) patterns can contribute to our understanding of human brain functioning. This may apply in particular if predictions are based on features derived from circumscribed, a priori defined functional networks, which improves interpretability. Furthermore, some evidence suggests that task‐based FC data may yield more successful predictions of behavior than resting‐state FC data. Here, we comprehensively examined to what extent the correspondence of functional network priors and task states with behavioral target domains influences the predictability of individual performance in cognitive, social, and affective tasks. To this end, we used data from the Human Connectome Project for large‐scale out‐of‐sample predictions of individual abilities in working memory (WM), theory‐of‐mind cognition (SOCIAL), and emotion processing (EMO) from FC of corresponding and non‐corresponding states (WM/SOCIAL/EMO/resting‐state) and networks (WM/SOCIAL/EMO/whole‐brain connectome). Using root mean squared error and coefficient of determination to evaluate model fit revealed that predictive performance was rather poor overall. Predictions from whole‐brain FC were slightly better than those from FC in task‐specific networks, and a slight benefit of predictions based on FC from task versus resting state was observed for performance in the WM domain. Beyond that, we did not find any significant effects of a correspondence of network, task state, and performance domains. Together, these results suggest that multivariate FC patterns during both task and resting states contain rather little information on individual performance levels, calling for a reconsideration of how the brain mediates individual differences in mental abilities.
Business cycles and healthcare employment
Authors: Aslim Erkmen G. , Chou Shin‐Yi , De Kuhelika 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIs healthcare employment recession‐proof? We examine the long‐standing hypothesis that healthcare employment is stable across the business cycle. We explicitly distinguish between negative aggregate demand and supply shocks in studying how healthcare employment responds to recessions, and show that this response depends largely on the type of the exogenous shock triggering the recession. First, aggregate healthcare employment responds procyclically during demand‐induced recessions but remains stable during supply‐induced recessions. Second, healthcare utilization drops significantly during demand‐induced recessions, explaining the decline in healthcare employment during these periods. Finally, there is significant heterogeneity in the employment responses of the healthcare sub‐sectors. While healthcare employment in most sub‐sectors responds procyclically during recessions caused by both negative demand and supply shocks, it responds countercyclically in nursing‐dominant sectors. Importantly, by isolating the recessionary impact of negative aggregate demand shocks from supply shocks on healthcare employment, we provide new empirical evidence that healthcare employment, in general, is not recession‐proof.
Understanding diabetes risk in the Y Community of Greater Brisbane: Findings from a cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Campbell Lucy E. , Gomersall Sjaan R. , Tsiamis Michael , Goode Ana D. , Healy Genevieve N. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis cross‐sectional study aimed to understand the need and desire for a diabetes prevention program within the Y (formerly YMCA: Young Men's Christian Association) of the Greater Brisbane region, Queensland, Australia.MethodsAn anonymous online survey was distributed (March–April 2023) by The Y Queensland targeting adults within the Greater Brisbane Y community. Data were collected on Y membership and branch attended, postcode, diabetes risk in the next 5 years (low, medium, or high), and interest in participation in a diabetes prevention program. Data were analysed via descriptives and cross tabulation with statistical significance considered at p < .05.ResultsRespondents (n = 575) were primarily female (65%), attending a Y branch located in the outer city (51%), and aged under 55 years (68%). Twenty Y sites were represented, with a mix of inner‐city, outer‐city, and regional areas. Overall, 46% (n = 241/530) of respondents were at high diabetes risk, with those living in relatively socio‐economically disadvantaged areas more likely (p < .001) to be at high‐risk (57%) than intermediate (26%) or low‐risk (18%). Most (68%) respondents were interested/potentially interested in program participation; those at high risk of developing diabetes in the next 5 years were most interested (55%).ConclusionsThe Y in Greater Brisbane may provide a suitable setting to host a community‐based diabetes prevention program. Locations outside the inner city should be prioritised to target those who are relatively socio‐economically disadvantaged to align with higher need and demand.So What?Findings inform the implementation and prioritisation of a community‐delivered diabetes prevention program.
Towards comprehensive mental health promotion in Australian universities: A call to action with priorities for institutional change
Authors: Luu Xuan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWhile comprehensive mental health promotion inherently involves individuals, there is an ongoing need to address large‐scale determinants of people's mental health and wellbeing—particularly policies and environments. To have the best possible chance of creating positive change, mental health promotion must also work throughout key mediating structures such as places of education and work. This includes universities. Yet, in their efforts to address student and staff mental health and wellbeing, Australian universities have demonstrated limited uptake of comprehensive mental health promotion approaches. In this commentary, I discuss a recent review of Australia's higher education system—the Australian Universities Accord—as a catalyst for strengthening institutional action and change through a comprehensive mental health promotion lens. I discuss key findings—and silences—made clear throughout the review process. I then advocate several urgent priorities for university‐level change—across institutional assessment, institutional accountability and performance, and institutional leadership and power—if Australia's universities are genuinely committed to improving mental health and wellbeing among students and staff.
Model‐based quantitative photoacoustic tomography with directional total variation
Authors: Liu Jiaming , Qi Li , Feng Yanqiu , Hu Qiugen , Zhang Shuangyang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn photoacoustic tomography (PAT), acoustic inversion aims to recover the spatial distribution of light energy deposition within the imaging object from the signals captured by detectors. To achieve quantitative imaging, optical inversion is further employed to derive absorption coefficient (AC) images. However, limitations such as restricted detection angles and inherent noise lead to substantial artifacts and degradation in the quality of PAT images, consequently affecting the accuracy of optical inversion results. In this study, we propose a directional total variation constrained optical inversion model to reconstruct the AC image. By incorporating anatomy prior information into the optical inversion process, our method can effectively suppress artifacts in AC images while maintaining structural integrity. Simulation, phantom, and in vivo experimental results demonstrate that our method significantly improves the reconstructed AC image quality. Our method provides a reliable foundation for achieving high‐quality quantitative PAT imaging.
Recent advancements in natural polymers‐based self‐healing nano‐materials for wound dressing
Authors: Anand Kumar , Sharma Rishi , Sharma Neelima 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe field of wound healing has witnessed remarkable progress in recent years, driven by the pursuit of advanced wound dressings. Traditional dressing materials have limitations like poor biocompatibility, nonbiodegradability, inadequate moisture management, poor breathability, lack of inherent therapeutic properties, and environmental impacts. There is a compelling demand for innovative solutions to transcend the constraints of conventional dressing materials for optimal wound care. In this extensive review, the therapeutic potential of natural polymers as the foundation for the development of self‐healing nano‐materials, specifically for wound dressing applications, has been elucidated. Natural polymers offer a multitude of advantages, possessing exceptional biocompatibility, biodegradability, and bioactivity. The intricate engineering strategies employed to fabricate these polymers into nanostructures, thereby imparting enhanced mechanical robustness, flexibility, critical for efficacious wound management has been expounded. By harnessing the inherent properties of natural polymers, including chitosan, alginate, collagen, hyaluronic acid, and so on, and integrating the concept of self‐healing materials, a comprehensive overview of the cutting‐edge research in this emerging field is presented in the review. Furthermore, the inherent self‐healing attributes of these materials, wherein they exhibit innate capabilities to autonomously rectify any damage or disruption upon exposure to moisture or body fluids, reducing frequent dressing replacements have also been explored. This review consolidates the existing knowledge landscape, accentuating the benefits and challenges associated with these pioneering materials while concurrently paving the way for future investigations and translational applications in the realm of wound healing.
Conventionally instrumented inverse kinematic alignment for total knee arthroplasty: How is it done?
Authors: Russell Shane P. , Keyes Sara , Hirschmann Michael T. , Harty James A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPurposeFor primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA), there is an increasing trend towards patient‐specific alignment strategies such as kinematic alignment (KA) and inverse kinematic alignment (iKA), which by restoring native joint mechanics may yield higher patient satisfaction rates. Second, the most recent Australian joint registry report describes favourable revision rates for conventionally instrumented TKA compared to technology‐assisted techniques such as those using navigation, robotics or custom‐cutting blocks. The aim of this technique article is to describe in detail a surgical technique for TKA that: (1) utilises the principles of iKA and (2) uses conventionally instrumented guided resections thereby avoiding the use of navigation, robotics or custom blocks.MethodsA TKA technique is described, whereby inverse kinematic principles are utilised and patient‐specific alignment is achieved. Additionally, the patellofemoral compartment of the knee is restored to the native patellofemoral joint line. The sequenced technical note provided may be utilised for cemented or cementless components; cruciate retaining or sacrificing designs and for fixed or rotating platforms.ResultsAn uncomplicated, robust and reproducible technique for TKA is described.DiscussionKnee arthroplasty surgeons may wish to harness the emerging benefits of both a conventionally instrumented technique and a patient‐specific alignment strategy.Level of EvidenceLevel V.