bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of exposure of parents to toxic gases in Bhopal on the offspring
Authors: Sarangi S. , Zaidi T. , Pal R.K. , Katgara D. , Gadag V.G. , Mulay S. , Varma D.R. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackgroundExposure to methyl isocyanate and other toxic gases in Bhopal, India, on December 3, 1984 resulted in thousands of acute deaths, pregnancy loss and long‐term effects.MethodsFrom 1985 to 2007, we conducted successive surveys of vital status and health to determine whether the exposure of parents to toxic gases in the Bhopal incident affected the 5‐year survival and anthropometric variables of their offspring.ResultsInitial 5‐year mortality of offspring of exposed parents was very high. Male but not female offspring who were exposed to gases in utero or who were born to exposed parents were stunted in growth until puberty, which was followed by a period of accelerated growth. Results also suggest a post‐puberty effect on head circumference of females exposed to gases in utero.ConclusionExposure of pregnant women to toxic gases in Bhopal in 1984 resulted in high pregnancy loss, increased first 5‐year mortality and delayed development of male progeny. Am. J. Ind. Med. 53:836–841, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Xenon enhances hypothermic neuroprotection in asphyxiated newborn pigs
Authors: Chakkarapani Elavazhagan , Dingley John , Liu Xun , Hoque Nicholas , Aquilina Kristian , Porter Helen , Thoresen Marianne 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether inhaling 50% xenon during hypothermia (HT) offers better neuroprotection than xenon or HT alone.MethodsNinety‐eight newborn pigs underwent a 45‐minute global hypoxic‐ischemic insult severe enough to cause permanent brain injury, and 12 pigs underwent sham protocol. Pigs then received intravenous anesthesia and were randomized to 6 treatment groups: (1) normothermia (NT; rectal temperature 38.5°C, n = 18); (2) 18 hours 50% xenon with NT (n = 12); (3) 12 hours HT (rectal temperature 33.5°C, n = 18); (4) 24 hours HT (rectal temperature 33.5°C, n = 17); (5) 18 hours 50% xenon with 12 hours HT (n = 18); and (6) 18 hours 50% xenon with 24 hours HT (n = 17). Fifty percent xenon was administered via a closed circle with 30% oxygen and 20% nitrogen. After 10 hours rewarming, cooled pigs remained normothermic until terminal perfusion fixation at 72 hours. Global and regional brain neuropathology and clinical neurological scores were performed.ResultsXenon (p = 0.011) and 12 or 24 hours HT (p = 0.003) treatments offered significant histological global, and regional neuroprotection. Combining xenon with HT yielded an additive neuroprotective effect, as there was no interaction effect (p = 0.54). Combining Xenon with 24 hours HT offered 75% global histological neuroprotection with similarly improved regional neuroprotection: thalamus (100%), brainstem (100%), white matter (86%), basal ganglia (76%), cortical gray matter (74%), cerebellum (73%), and hippocampus (72%). Neurology scores improved in the 24‐hour HT and combined xenon HT groups at 72 hours.InterpretationCombining xenon with HT is a promising therapy for severely encephalopathic infants, doubling the neuroprotection offered by HT alone. ANN NEUROL 2010
Deletion of the late cornified envelope genes, LCE3C and LCE3B, is associated with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Docampo Elisa , Rabionet Raquel , Riveira‐Muñoz Eva , Escaramís Georgia , Julià Antonio , Marsal Sara , Martín José Ezequiel , González‐Gay Miguel Angel , Balsa Alejandro , Raya Enrique , Martín Javier , Estivill Xavier 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectiveThe risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is increased in the offspring of individuals affected with various autoimmune disorders, including psoriasis. Recently, the deletion of 2 genes from the late cornified envelope (LCE) gene cluster, LCE3C and LCE3B, has been associated with psoriasis in several populations. The purpose of this study was to assess whether this polymorphic gene deletion could also be involved in susceptibility to RA.MethodsWe tested for association between the LCE3C_LCE3B copy number variant and a single‐nucleotide polymorphism in strong linkage disequilibrium with this variant (rs4112788) and RA in 2 independent case–control data sets (197 and 400 samples from patients with RA, respectively, and 411 and 567 samples from control subjects, respectively), collected at 4 Spanish hospitals. All samples were directly typed for presence of the LCE3C_LCE3B deletion (LCE3C_LCE3B‐del) by polymerase chain reaction, and association analysis was performed using the SNPassoc R package.ResultsAn association of homozygosity for the LCE3C_LCE3B‐del and rs4112788 C allele with the risk of RA was observed in the first data set and was replicated in an independent case–control set. A combined analysis showed an overall P value of 0.0012 (odds ratio [OR] 1.45, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.16–1.81) for association of the LCE3C_LCE3B‐del. When the analysis was stratified for serologic data, we observed association in anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti‐CCP)–positive patients (P = 0.012, OR 1.51 [95% CI 1.09–2.13]) but not in anti‐CCP–negative patients.ConclusionWe have identified an association between the LCE3C_LCE3B‐del and RA, and we have verified a pleiotropic effect of a common genetic risk factor (LCE3C_LCE3B‐del) for autoimmune diseases that is involved in both psoriasis and RA.
An outsider's perspective on a provocative proposal: What would Flexner think?
Authors: Anderson M. Brownell 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis viewpoint commentary focuses on a proposal for integrated anatomy education in undergraduate college from Dr. Darda published in the Anatomical Sciences Education. Although the proposal is for college level education, the proposal echoes some ideas proposed a century ago by Abraham Flexner when he wrote his report titled “Medical Education in the United States and Canada.” It begins with an acknowledgement of the author's status as an outsider. There have been numerous calls for change in basic science education, particularly in medical education. Interestingly, however, the monumental reforms of the “Flexner Report” were impelled largely from outside the specific discipline of medical education. The commentary discussion then moves to observations about the proposal for Integrative Anatomy and support for the proposal from both the Flexner Report and the 2009 report from the Association of American Medical Colleges and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, “Scientific Foundations for Future Physicians.” The essay considers the benefits of the research on the learning sciences that now inform our work in education; the influence of competency‐based education that frees education from a lock‐step approach of course completion to a student‐focused integrative approach to learning; and the availability of online resources for anatomy education through repositories, such as MedEdPORTAL. The final observation is that the changes underway in education and in the sciences basic to medicine, in particular, are substantial and will require the dialogue that Dr. Darda is promoting with his provocative proposal. Anat Sci Educ 3: 101–102, 2010. © 2010 American Association of Anatomists.
BEng, CEng, MSc, MICE, ... — eine Analyse angelsächsischer Visitenkarten
Authors: Kulick Reinhard 
Published: March 2010

AbstractVisitenkarten ausländischer Gesprächspartner enthalten oftmals — insbesondere wenn der Eigentümer der Karte aus einem britisch geprägten Land kommt — eine Reihe von Abkürzungen, die dem Namen nachgestellt sind. Der Beitrag beschreibt, was sich hinter “Robert Smith BEng(Hons) PhD CEng MICE MIStructE“ verbirgt. Dazu wird zunächst verdeutlicht, dass erstens akademische Bauberufe in Deutschland und britisch geprägten Ländern nicht deckungsgleich sind, zweitens die Aus‐ und Weiterbildung maßgeblich von Berufsverbänden beeinflusst wird und drittens die Abkürzungen entweder akademische Abschlüsse oder von Berufsverbänden verliehene Qualifikationsstufen repräsentieren. Beispielhaft werden sodann die Aus‐ und Weiterbildung eines civil engineer und die sich daraus entwickelnde Visitenkarte beschrieben. Angefügt werden “Faustformeln”, die eine weitgehende Deutung der Visitenkarten baunaher Gesprächspartner ermöglichen.BEng, CEng, MSc, MICE, . . . — an analysis of Anglo‐Saxon business‐cards. Business‐cards from business partners often contain a number of abbreviations following the name ‐ especially if the person comes from a country which is either British or characterized as British. This article describes the meaning behind of “Robert Smith BEng(Hons) PhD CEng MICE MIStructE”. Firstly it is pointed out that academic professions in the construction industry are not directly comparable between Germany and Anglo‐Saxon countries, secondly the education and professional development are influenced significantly by professional institutions and, thirdly the abbreviations are either academic degrees or grades of memberships in professional institutions. As an example the education and professional development of a civil engineer and the resulting business‐card are described. Attached are empirical formulas which will enable the far reaching decoding of business‐cards from business partners from or related to the construction industry.
Analyzing digital vector waveforms of 0–3000 Hz magnetic fields for health studies
Authors: Bowman Joseph D. , Miller Christian K. , Krieg Edward F. , Song Ruiguang 
Published: March 2010

AbstractTo improve the assessment of magnetic field exposures for occupational health studies, the Multiwave® System III (MW3) was developed to capture personal exposures to the three‐dimensional magnetic field vector B(t) in the 0–3000 Hz band. To process hundreds of full‐shift MW3 measurements from epidemiologic studies, new computer programs were developed to calculate the magnetic field's physical properties and its interaction with biological systems through various mechanisms (magnetic induction, radical pair interactions, ion resonance, etc.). For automated calculations in the frequency domain, the software uses new algorithms that remove artifacts in the magnetic field's Fourier transform due to electronic noise and the person's motion through perturbations in the geomagnetic field from steel objects. These algorithms correctly removed the Fourier transform artifacts in 92% of samples and have improved the accuracy of frequency‐dependent metrics by as much as 3300%. The output of the MwBatch software is a matrix of 41 exposure metrics calculated for each 2/15 s sample combined with 8 summary metrics for the person's full‐period exposure, giving 294 summary‐exposure metrics for each person monitored. In addition, the MwVisualizer software graphically explores the magnetic field's vector trace, its component waveforms, and the metrics over time. The output was validated against spreadsheet calculations with pilot data. This software successfully analyzed full‐shift MW3 monitoring with 507 electric utility workers, comprising over 1 million vector waveforms. The software's output can be used to test hypotheses about magnetic field biology and disease with biophysical models and also assess compliance with exposure limits. Bioelectromagnetics 31:391–405, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
No effect of TETRA hand portable transmission signals on human cognitive function and symptoms
Authors: Riddervold Ingunn S. , Kjærgaard Søren K. , Pedersen Gert F. , Andersen Niels T. , Franek Ondrej , Pedersen Anders D. , Sigsgaard Torben , Zachariae Robert , Mølhave Lars , Andersen Jørgen B. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractCurrent radio frequency radiation exposure guidelines rest on well‐established thermal effects. However, recent research into analogue and digital transmission fields at levels covered by the exposure guidelines has indicated possible detrimental effects on human cognitive performance. To investigate this, we conducted a controlled climate chamber study of possible changes in cognitive performance in healthy volunteers exposed to transmission signals from TETRA hand portables (TETRA handsets). The trial deployed a balanced, randomized, double‐blinded cross‐over design. Performance on different paper‐and‐pencil, auditory and computer‐based cognitive tasks was monitored in 53 male volunteers (mean age 36.41 years, SD 8.35) during 45‐min exposure to a TETRA handset and sham control signals remotely controlled from a laboratory more than 100 km away. The main cognitive outcome was the Trail Making B (TMB) test. In addition, the participants completed a computer‐based questionnaire measuring self‐reported psychological and physical symptoms. No statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) between the TETRA and sham conditions were found for either TMB (estimated difference 3.8%, confidence interval (CI) −1.6% to 9.2%) or any of the remaining cognitive tasks or symptoms. In conclusion, we found no evidence that brief exposure to hand‐held TETRA transmitters' affects human cognitive function or subjective symptoms. Bioelectromagnetics 31:380–390, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Beurteilung des Tragverhaltens von Spannbetonbrücken mit spannungsrisskorrosionsgefährdetem Spannstahl
Authors: Vill Markus , Fuchs Maximilian , Dannhorn Thomas 
Published: March 2010

AbstractDie Beurteilung des Tragverhaltens von Spannbetonbrücken, die in den 1960er und 1970er Jahren in Deutschland und Österreich gebaut wurden und für deren Herstellung vergütete Spannstähle Verwendung fanden, ist seit vielen Jahren Gegenstand der Forschung mit starkem Praxisbezug. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden nach einer theoretischen Erläuterung des Tragverhaltens die praxisrelevanten Fragestellungen wie das Vorgehen bei der Beurteilung sowie weiterführende Untersuchungen erörtert. Zudem werden aktuelle Entwicklungen in der Forschung zur Beurteilung von gefährdeten Spannbetonbrücken aufgezeigt und diskutiert.Assessment of Load Bearing Behaviour of Post‐Tensioned Concrete Bridges Equipped with Prestressing Steel Susceptible to Stress Corrosion Cracking Basics, Practical Application and Current DevelopmentsDue to extending lifetime of infrastructure in general and posttensioned concrete bridges in particular the importance of durability aspects increases. Especially older prestressed bridges built in the 1960s and 1970s in Germany and Austria are subject of these investigations. Some of these post‐tensioned concrete bridges consist of quenched and tempered prestressing wires with high susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking as we know nowadays. This article deals with recalculation, assessment and evaluating methods for post‐tensioned concrete bridges including further analytic for endangered bridges. The procedure is shown by an example of an existing multi girder bridge and furthermore, future prospects are given.
Querbiegetragverhalten von Betondübeln bei Verbundtragwerken mit Trapezblechstegen
Authors: Röhm Jochen , Novàk Balthasar 
Published: March 2010

AbstractDie größere Querbiegesteifigkeit von Trapezblechstegen gegenüber herkömmlichen, ebenen Stegen führt zu konstruktiven und wirtschaftlichen Vorteilen im Verbundbrückenbau. Dadurch muss allerdings insbesondere bei Hohlkastenquerschnitten der Übertragung des Rahmeneckmomentes erhöhte Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt werden. Die Verbundfuge muss in der Lage sein, die auftretenden Querbiegemomente zu übertragen. Dadurch entstehen für die Verbundmittel Zusatzbeanspruchungen. Des Weiteren ist der Verzicht auf einen Stahlflansch, der hier im Wesentlichen als reiner Verbundmittelträger agiert, erstrebenswert, um das große wirtschaftliche Potential dieser Bauweise zu nutzen. Eine Verbundfugenausbildung bestehend aus einem in den Betongurt einbindenden Trapezblech und dem Betondübel als Verbundmittel erwies sich in Versuchen als sehr viel versprechend. Der vorliegende Aufsatz behandelt das Tragverhalten dieser Verbundfugenausbildung unter Querbiegebeanspruchung.Behavior of Composite Structures with Corrugated Steel Webs under Transverse Bending using Concrete DowelsCompared to plane webs, the use of corrugated steel webs in composite bridge constructions leads to economic and structural advantages due to their lateral stiffness. But, especially in corners of hollow box girders the attention has to be paid on the transfer of the bending moment from the concrete chord into the steel web. The composite joint must be able to bear this transverse bending moment. This leads to additional forces for the connectors. Furthermore, for an economical and more practicable connection method, a composite joint without a steel flange is necessary. Therefore, the connectors have to be fixed directly on the web and these connectors must transfer the transverse bending moment. This article deals with the load bearing behaviour of an embedded corrugated steel web in combination with concrete dowels under transverse bending.
Über die Querkrafttragfähigkeit des Betongurts von Verbundträgern im Bereich von großen Stegöffnungen
Authors: Ramm Wieland , Kohlmeyer Christian 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWird bei Stahlverbundträgern der Steg des Stahlträgers durch große Öffnungen geschwächt, übernimmt in diesem Bereich der Betongurt einen Großteil der Querkraft. Die Analyse des sich dabei einstellenden Lastabtragungsmechanismus und die Ermittlung der Querkrafttragfähigkeit des Betongurts waren die Hauptthemen eines am Fachgebiet Massivbau und Baukonstruktion der Technischen Universität Kaiserslautern durchgeführten Forschungsprojektes, das von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) gefördert wurde.Im folgenden Teil 1 des Aufsatzes werden die umfangreichen experimentellen und rechnerischen Untersuchungen und deren Ergebnisse dargestellt, wobei der Lastabtragungsmechanismus und die Versagensformen im Öffnungsbereich im Vordergrund stehen. Im Teil 2, der im nachfolgen Aprilheft erscheint, wird das darauf basierende Nachweiskonzept für den Betongurt vorgestellt.On the Shear‐Bearing Capacity of the Concrete Slab of Composite Beams in the Region of Large Web Openings – Part 1: Experimental und Numerical InvestigationsIf the web of a composite beam is weakened by a large opening, the concrete slab carries most of the shear force in this region. The analysis of the load bearing mechanism and the determination of the shear‐bearing capacity were the main topics of a research project which was carried out at the Technical University of Kaiserslautern and was supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG).In the following part 1 of the report, the extensive experimental und numerical investigations as well as their results are presented. Special attention is paid to the load carrying mechanism and the failure modes. In part 2, which will follow in the April issue, the according concept for the design of the concrete slab is presented.
Metabolic engineering of acetoin and meso‐2, 3‐butanediol biosynthesis in E. coli
Authors: Nielsen David R. , Yoon Sang‐Hwal , Yuan Clara J. , Prather Kristala L. J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe functional reconstruction of acetoin and meso‐2,3‐butanediol (meso‐2,3‐BD) biosynthetic pathways in Escherichia coli have been explored systematically. Pathway construction involved the in vsivo screening of prospective pathway isozymes of yeast and bacterial origin. After substantial engineering of the host background to increase pyruvate availability, E. coli YYC202(DE3) ldhA( ilvC( expressing ilvBN from E. coli and aldB from L. lactis (encoding acetolactate synthase and acetolactate decarboxylase activities, respectively) was able to produce up to 870 mg/L acetoin, with no coproduction of diacetyl observed. These strains were also found to produce small quantities of meso‐2,3‐BD, suggesting the existence of endogenous 2,3‐BD dehydrogenase activity. Finally, the coexpression of bdh1 from S. cerevisiae, encoding 2,3‐BD dehydrogenase, in this strain resulted in the production of up to 1120 mg/L meso‐2,3‐BD, with glucose a yield of 0.29 g/g. While disruption of the native lactate biosynthesis pathway increased pyruvate precursor availability to this strain, increased availability of NADH for acetoin reduction to meso‐2,3‐BD was found to be the most important consequence of ldhA deletion.
A Versatile Endoribonuclease Mimic Made of DNA: Characteristics and Applications of the 8–17 RNA‐Cleaving DNAzyme
Authors: Schlosser Kenny , Li Yingfu 
Published: March 2010

AbstractEnzymes play a crucial role in all living organisms by accelerating the rates of a myriad of biochemical reactions that are necessary to sustain life. Although the vast majority of known enzymes are made of protein, in recent years it has become increasingly apparent that other molecular formats, like nucleic acids, can also serve in this capacity. DNAzymes (also known as deoxyribozymes) are synthetic enzymes made of short, single strands of deoxyribonucleic acid. These DNA‐based enzymes offer the prospect of significant commercial utility, because they are exceptionally stable and can be produced very easily and inexpensively. The study of one particular DNAzyme, known as “8–17”, has enhanced our understanding of DNAzyme‐mediated catalysis. Moreover, the function of 8–17 has been regarded with special importance because it can catalyze sequence‐specific cleavage of RNA, a reaction that has broad implications in biotechnology and biomedical fields. In this review, we explore the creation, characterization, and application of the 8–17 RNA‐cleaving DNAzyme.
A physiochemical theory on the applicability of soft mathematical models—experimentally interpreted
Authors: Munck L. , Jespersen B. Møller , Rinnan Å. , Seefeldt H. Fast , Engelsen M. Møller , Nørgaard L. , Engelsen S. Balling 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAn extension of chemometric theory was experimentally explored to explain the physiochemical basis of the very high efficiency of soft modelling of data from nature. Soft modelling in self‐organisation was interpreted by studying the unique chemical patterns of mutants in an isogenic barley model on endosperm development. Extremely reproducible, differential Near Infrared (NIR) spectral patterns specifically overviewed the effect on cell composition of each mutant cause. Extended Canonical Variates Analysis (ECVA) classified spectra in wild type, starch and protein mutants. The spectra were interpreted by chemometric data analysis and by pattern inspection to morphological, genetic, molecular and chemical information. Deterministic chemical reactions were defined in the glucan pathway. A drastic mutation in a gene controlling the starch/ß‐glucan composition changed water activity that introduced a diffusive, stochastic effect on the catalysis of all active enzymes. ‘Decision making’ in self‐organisation is autonomous and performed by the soft modelling of the chemical deterministic and stochastic reactions in the endosperm cell as a whole. Uncertainty in the analysis of endosperm emergence was experimentally delimited as the ‘indeterminacy’ in local molecular path modelling ‘bottom up’ and the ‘irreducibility’ of the phenomenological NIR spectra ‘top down’. The experiment confirmed Ilya Prigogine's interpretation of self‐organisation by his dynamic computer model programmed with a self‐modeled non‐local extension of quantum mechanics (QM). The significance of self‐ organisation explained by Prigogine here interpreted as physiochemical soft modelling introduces a paradigm shift in macroscopic science that forwards a major argument for soft mathematical modelling and chemometrics to obtain full scientific legitimacy. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.