bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multiple-timing analysis of temporal ratcheting
Authors: Hashemi Aref , Gilman Edward T. , Khair Aditya S. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We develop a two-timing perturbation analysis to provide quantitative insights on the existence of temporal ratchets in an exemplary system of a particle moving in a tank of fluid in response to an external vibration of the tank. We consider two-mode vibrations with angular frequencies $$\omega $$
ω
and $$\alpha \omega $$

α
ω

, where $$\alpha $$
α
is a rational number. If $$\alpha $$
α
is a ratio of odd and even integers (e.g., $$\tfrac{2}{1},\,\tfrac{3}{2},\,\tfrac{4}{3}$$

2
1

,

3
2

,

4
3

), the system yields a net response: here, a nonzero time-average particle velocity. Our first-order perturbation solution predicts the existence of temporal ratchets for $$\alpha =2$$

α
=
2

. Furthermore, we demonstrate, for a reduced model, that the temporal ratcheting effect for $$\alpha =\tfrac{3}{2}$$

α
=

3
2

and $$\tfrac{4}{3}$$

4
3

appears at the third-order perturbation solution. More importantly, we find closed-form formulas for the magnitude and direction of the induced net velocities for these $$\alpha $$
α
values. On a broader scale, our methodology offers a new mathematical approach to study the complicated nature of temporal ratchets in physical systems.

Graphic abstract
Investigation of bound state energy spectra for fermionic particles in the presence of ultra generalized exponential hyperbolic potential model
Authors: Taş Ahmet 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBy considering the ultra generalized exponential hyperbolic potential, which covers many potential types, the solutions of the Dirac equation with spin/pseudo-spin symmetric limits are achieved. In both approaches, the relation giving the bound state energy eigenvalues is obtained in a closed form. By using these relations, the energy values are calculated numerically for both symmetry cases via the software program. In addition, it has been identified how the bound state energy eigenvalues depend on the parameters. Besides, the energy equations for the Schrödinger and Klein–Gordon particles in the limit states are derived.
Blockade of Discoidin Domain Receptor Signaling with Sitravatinib Reveals DDR2 as a Mediator of Neuroblastoma Pathogenesis and Metastasis
Authors: Rozen Esteban J. , Frantz William , Wigglesworth Kim , Vessella Theadora , Zhou Hong S. , Shohet Jason M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Oncogene-driven expression and activation of receptor tyrosine kinases promotes tumorigenesis and contributes to drug resistance. Increased expression of the kinases discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR2), RET Proto-Oncogene (RET), Platelet Derived Growth Factor Receptor Alpha (PDGFRA), KIT Proto-Oncogene (KIT), MET Proto-Oncogene (MET), and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) independently correlate with decreased overall survival and event free survival of pediatric neuroblastoma. The multikinase inhibitor sitravatinib targets DDR2, RET, PDGFRA, KIT, and MET with low nanomolar activity and we therefore tested its efficacy against orthotopic and syngeneic tumor models. Sitravatinib markedly reduced cell proliferation and migration in vitro independently of N-Myc proto-oncogene (MYCN), ALK, or c-Myc proto-oncogene status and inhibited proliferation and metastasis of human orthotopic xenografts. Oral administration of sitravatinib to homozygous Th-MYCN transgenic mice (Th-MYCN+/+) after tumor initiation completely arrested further tumor development with no mice dying of disease while maintained on sitravatinib treatment (control cohort 57 days median time to sacrifice). Among these top kinases, DDR2 expression has the strongest correlation with poor survival and high stage at diagnosis and the highest sensitivity to the drug. We confirmed on-target inhibition of collagen-mediated activation of DDR2. Genetic knockdown of DDR2 partially phenocopies sitravatinib treatment, limiting tumor development and metastasis across tumor models. Analysis of single-cell sequencing data demonstrated that DDR2 is restricted to mesenchymal-type tumor subpopulations and is enriched in Schwann cell precursor subpopulations found in high-risk disease. These data define an unsuspected role for sitravatinib as a therapeutic agent in neuroblastoma and reveal a novel function for DDR2 as a driver of tumor growth and metastasis.
Cell-free supernatant of Lactococcus lactis IDCC 2301 exerts anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-induced macrophages via NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways
Authors: Lee M. , Chae S.A. , Lee Y.J. , Jeon H.J. , Hong S.-C. , Shin M. , Jung Y.H. , Yang J. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of cell-free supernatant of Lactococcus lactis IDCC 2301 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. Expression of inflammatory mediators and cytokines, and the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were qualitatively analysed. The expression of signal transductors in inflammatory cascades was quantified by western blot. Treatment with cell-free supernatant of L. lactis IDCC 2301 significantly decreased the mRNA expression levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukins including IL-1β and IL-6. The levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX-2) were also remarkably reduced in LPS-induced macrophages after the treatment. Furthermore, L. lactis IDCC 2301 reduced the levels of both dephosphorylated and phosphorylated forms of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), IκB-α, extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), c-Jun amino-terminal kinases (JNK), and p38 in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Therefore, L. lactis IDCC 2301 shows anti-inflammatory activity by suppressing the NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways.
Longitudinal changes in bifidobacterial population during the first two years of life
Authors: An R. , Fontana F. , Van Daele E. , Ventura M. , Vlieger A. , van Elburg R.M. , Knol J. , Milani C. , Belzer C. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Early life microbiota encompasses of a large percentage of Bifidobacterium, while it is not sufficiently understood how the Bifidobacterium population develops after infant’s birth. Current study investigated the longitudinal changes in Bifidobacterium population during the first two years of life in 196 term born infants (1,654 samples) using 16S rRNA-23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analysis. Throughout the first two years of life, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum and Bifidobacterium adolescentis were most dominant and prevalent in the Bifidobacterium population, while B. breve had the highest relative abundance and prevalence during the first week of life and it was taken over by B. longum subsp. longum around two years after birth. Sampling time points, early antibiotic(s) exposure (effect only measurable within a month after birth), delivery mode (effect still detectable two-months after birth) and feeding mode (effect lasted until six months after birth), significantly contributed to the overall variation in the bifidobacterial population. From six months onwards, introducing of solid food and cessation of breastfeeding were accompanied with drastic changes in the composition in bifidobacterial population. Altogether, current study confirmed the effect of potential contributors to the longitudinal changes within the bifidobacterial population during the first two years of life.
Registered at https://clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02536560.
Emotions and Battlefield Medicine in the American Revolutionary War
Authors: Blakley Chris M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This essay examines the expression of emotional states by frontline medics in the American Revolutionary War to understand how doctors felt about their role as caregivers during the Canada Campaign of 1775–76 and the Sullivan-Clinton Expedition of 1779. The first section queries how surgeons managed the emotional strain of caring for wounded and sick soldiers during the Invasion of Quebec. The journals of two doctors who expressed resentment and grief towards the officer corps during the invasion, Samuel Fisk Merrick and Lewis Beebe, are considered. In the second section, the essay focuses on the role that expressions of enthusiasm, particularly what scholars term settler colonial optimism, played in during a total war. Here another pair of doctors, Jabez Campfield and Ebenezer Elmer, afford insight into the hope surrounding land-grabbing felt by medics during the army’s genocidal campaign in western New York and Pennsylvania.
Descriptive Analysis of Outcomes After Onlay Ventral Hernia Repair in Obese Patients
Authors: Smullin Carolyn P. , Shenoy Rivfka S. , Blair Kevin J. , Chandler Charles F. 
Published: April 2024

Objective To determine outcomes after on lay large ventral hernia repair in obese patients. Introduction Large ventral hernia repairs (VHR) in obese patients remain a challenge. Obesity is a risk factor for intraoperative difficulties and postoperative complications. Recurrence rates after VHR in obese patients range between 12-50% versus 10% in nonobese patients. While results of laparoscopic techniques in VHR compare favorably to open, outcomes in correlation with obesity, technique, and defect size are less understood. Methods A single surgeon’s experience of 329 consecutive VHR between 2013-2022 was retrospectively reviewed. Inclusion criteria were obesity (BMI >30) and large hernia defects (>5 cm). A modified onlay technique was used which included component release and a lightweight monofilament polypropylene mesh. Primary outcome measures were hernia recurrence and wound complications. Results A total of 56 patients met inclusion criteria. Patients were majority male (n=30, 54%), with a median age of 58.5 years (inter quartile range (IQR) 33-83), and median BMI of 36 kg/m2 (IQR: 30-72). Median hernia defect size was 8 cm (IQR: 5-15). Twenty patients had undergone prior mesh repairs. Median follow-up was 52 months (IQR: 6 months-9 years). Two patients experienced recurrence (3.6%) and four experienced wound complications (four seromas, one panniculitis, 8.9%). No patients suffered flap ischemia or necrosis. Conclusion Obesity is a risk factor for poor outcomes after VHR. We developed a protocol for obese patients with large defects involving a modified onlay technique which demonstrates comparable results to other VHR techniques in obese patients.
Prognostic Factors Affecting Survival of Patients With Single Primary Breast Cancer vs Patients With Multiple Primary Cancers in Lifetime, One of Which is Breast Cancer
Authors: Sanli Ahmet Necati , Tekcan Sanli Deniz Esin , Altundag M. Kadri , Aydogan Fatih 
Published: April 2024

Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the demographic and molecular characteristics, overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and prognostic factors affecting the survival of patients with single primary breast cancer (SPBC) and patients with multiple primary cancers in their life time in which one of them is breast cancer (MPC). Methods Using data from SEER 17 Research Plus, patients with breast cancer diagnosed between 2010 and 2019 were included in this study. Race, marital status, laterality, tumor size, molecular subtype, grade, stage, radiotherapy-chemotherapy treatment, and surgery data were analyzed in the data obtained after excluding patients with missing values. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used for survival analysis, and Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate the prognostic factors. Results 573175 patients were included in the study. The mean age of MPC patients was significantly higher than SPBC patients (65.99 ± 12.68, 60.33 ± 13.47, P < .001, respectively). Patients with SPBC had significantly more hormone receptor (HR)-positive/Her2 positive, HR-negative/Her2-negative, and HR-negative/Her2-positive molecular subtypes; patients with MPC had more HR-positive/Her2-negative subtypes ( P < .001). Grade 3 tumor status, locoregional spread, and distant metastasis were significantly higher in SPBC patients ( P < .001). Overall survival and CSS rates were significantly higher in SPBC patients ( P < .001). In MPC patients, overall hazard ratio was 1.631 times higher than SPBC, and the cancer-specific hazard ratio was 1.096 times higher (95% CI [1.606-1.656], 95% CI [1.071-1.121], respectively). Conclusion Although patients with SPBC have worse prognostic tumor characteristics, OS and CSS rates are better than patients with MPC.
Factors Predicting Readmission and Mortality in Patients Admitted for Malignant Bowel Obstruction
Authors: Xu Nova , Sun Beatrice J. , Yue Tiffany M. , Lee Byrne 
Published: April 2024

Introduction Malignant bowel obstruction (MBO) is a common complication of patients with advanced malignancies and has poor prognosis. Currently, there are limited guidelines for MBO management or predicting outcomes for these patients. Objective To identify patient factors associated with readmission and mortality after hospital admission for MBO. Participants A 5-year retrospective review was performed from 2017 to 2022 at a single tertiary institution to evaluate patients admitted for MBO. All patients had advanced cancer of gastrointestinal or gynecologic primary. Patient demographics, socioeconomic factors, tumor characteristics, and inpatient outcomes were collected. Multivariable analyses were performed to determine variables predicting hospital readmission for recurrent MBO and 90-day mortality. Results 210 patients were included. Mean age was 61 years, 28% were male, and 19% did not primarily speak English. 35% of patients lived over 50 miles from the hospital. On multivariable analysis, non-English speaking patients exhibited increased risk of readmission for MBO (OR = 2.82, P = .039). Older age was associated with decreased risk for MBO readmission (OR = .96, P = .007). Ascites was associated with increased mortality (OR = 2.17, P = .043). Earlier palliative care (PC) consultation predicted decreased readmission (OR = .24, P < .001) yet increased mortality at 90 days (OR = 3.20, P = .003). Conclusion Patient age, primary language, and PC consult were predictors for MBO readmission, which may impact 90-day mortality. Given the palliative nature of MBO, modifiable factors such as PC consultation and multidisciplinary goals of care discussions should be prioritized in order to reduce readmissions and focus on quality of life (QOL) for this patient population.
Cost-Effectiveness of Diffusion Weighted MRI Versus Planned Second-Look Surgery for Cholesteatoma
Authors: Patel Terral A. , Ettyreddy Abhinav , Cheng Tracy , Smith Kenneth , Sridharan Shaum S. , McCall Andrew A. 
Published: April 2024

Objective: To compare the cost-effectiveness of serial non-echo planar diffusion weighted MRI (non-EP DW MRI) versus planned second look surgery following initial canal wall up tympanomastoidectomy for the treatment of cholesteatoma. Methods: A decision-analytic model was developed. Model inputs including residual cholesteatoma rates, rates of non-EP DW MRI positivity after surgery, and health utility scores were abstracted from published literature. Cost data were derived from the 2022 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services fee rates. Efficacy was defined as increase in quality-adjusted life year (QALY). One- and 2-way sensitivity analyses were performed on variables of interest to probe the model. Total time horizon was 50 years with a willingness to pay (WTP) threshold set at $50 000/QALY. Results: Base case analysis revealed that planned second-look surgery ($11 537, 17.30 QALY) and imaging surveillance with non-EP DWMRI ($10 439, 17.26 QALY) were both cost effective options. Incremental cost effectiveness ratio was $27 298/QALY, which is below the WTP threhshold. One-way sensitivity analyses showed that non-EP DW MRI was more cost effective than planned second-look surgery if the rate of residual disease after surgery increased to 48.3% or if the rate of positive MRI was below 45.9%. A probabilistic sensitivity analysis at WTP of $50 000/QALY found that second-look surgery was more cost-effective in 56.7% of iterations. Conclusion: Non-EP DW MRI surveillance is a cost-effect alternative to planned second-look surgery following primary canal wall up tympanomastoidectomy for cholesteatoma. Cholesteatoma surveillance decisions after initial canal wall up tympanomastoidectomy should be individualized. Level of Evidence: V.
Understanding factors influencing the adoption of open science practices among Malaysia's NIH researchers
Authors: Ahmed Mahfooz , Othman Roslina , Noordin Mohamad Fauzan , Ismail Muhd Zulfadli Hafiz bin , Abd Karim Zulkarnain bin , Syed Anera Sharifah Nazeera Binti 
Published: April 2024

Background Open science practices, including research data sharing and reuse, are crucial for advancing scientific knowledge. However, the extent to which Malaysia's National Institutes of Health (NIH) researchers participate in open science remains a subject of inquiry. Methods This study employs an exploratory sequential mixed-method approach to investigate the factors influencing Malaysia NIH researchers’ participation in open science practices. The research combines in-depth interviews with key managers and administrators from NIH and a quantitative survey distributed to the researchers. Through in-depth interviews, administrators provide insights into the institute's perspective on open science. At the same time, the survey explores researchers’ views on factors influencing their participation in open science and how these factors influence the data-sharing practices at the institute. Results The findings reveal key factors that influence the participation of Malaysia NIH researchers in open science, shedding light on both motivating factors and barriers. The study identifies strategies to promote researchers’ involvement in open science practices through data sharing and highlights the practical implications for the Malaysia NIH and the broader scientific community. Conclusion Understanding these factors is essential for enhancing open science participation and fostering a culture of data sharing in Malaysia's scientific research landscape. The study suggests strategies for promoting open science practices and calls for collaborative efforts to maximise the benefits of data sharing and reuse.
Factors associated with Cryptosporidium in men who have sex with men: A systematic review
Authors: To Benjaman , Chai Ningyu , Fitzpatrick Colin , Richardson Daniel 
Published: April 2024

Background Cryptosporidium parasites are an important cause of diarrhoea globally and sexual transmission may occur in men who have sex with men (MSM). We aimed to systematically review the literature to explore any factors associated with transmission of Cryptosporidium in MSM to provide insight for future guidelines and public health strategies. Methods We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and Web of Science for manuscripts published up to July 2023. A primary author conducted an initial screen of abstracts and full text eligibility, and risk of bias was assessed independently by two authors using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. We used the nine-point synthesis without meta-analysis method to synthesise narrative data. The review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023374279). Results Six manuscripts were included in the final review from the USA ( n = 3), Europe ( n = 1) and Australia ( n = 2) and were case series ( n = 2), cross sectional ( n = 2) and case control studies ( n = 2) published between 1984 and 2021 and overall there were 1582 cases of Cryptosporidium in MSM. We identified demographic factors (living with HIV, younger age [<30 years old], geographical areas [Southern Europe v Northern Europe], previous Treponema pallidum, previous Entamoeba histolytica) and behavioural factors (recreational drug use, higher number of sexual partners and MSM attending sex on premises venues with spa/sauna) associated with Cryptosporidium in MSM. Conclusions Despite a small number of manuscripts in this review, we identified demographic and behavioural factors associated with Cryptosporidium in MSM. These data will provide insight for public health interventions for future outbreaks of Cryptosporidium in MSM.
Investors as members in transnational sustainable finance initiatives: Collectors, mediators and performers
Authors: van der Zwan Natascha , van der Heide Arjen 
Published: April 2024

The last 20 years have seen the emergence and proliferation of transnational sustainable finance initiatives (hereafter: TSFI). From associations like the Principles of Responsible Investment to pledges like the Finance for Biodiversity Pledge, investors have connected with each other and with other kinds of organisations in transnational fora dedicated to sustainable finance. Taking inspiration from political economy scholarship on global corporate networks, we apply a network perspective to the transnational governance of sustainable finance, examining the overlaps between investors’ membership in TSFI. In particular, we aim to identify those investors’ that hold a large number of TSFI membership (collectors), that connect centrally located TSFI with those at the margins (mediators), and that take on active roles within TSFI (performers). Analysing membership data for 30 TSFI, totalling 10.602 observations, at three analytical levels, we identify a group of 21 investors holding core positions in the global network. The majority of these investors are active in asset management and located in Nordic or continental European political economies. The predominance of some of the world’s largest investors in our three member categories suggests that the transnational governance of sustainable finance relies in part on the activities of actors that are associated with harmful financial practices. Nevertheless, the simultaneous presence of publicly owned enterprises on our list of most connected members also indicates the importance of public leadership in the transnational governance of sustainable finance.
Homogenized and Lyophilized Amniotic Membrane Dressings for the Treatment of Diabetic Foot Ulcers in Ambulatory Patients
Authors: Carro Gabriela Verónica , Guerbi Ximena , Berra Mariano , Rodriguez María Gabriela , Noli María Laura , Fuentes Mariana , Ticona Miguel Angel , Michelini Flavia , Berra Alejandro 
Published: April 2024

Background: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) constitute a complication that occurs in 19% to 34% of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). The aim of this study is to describe median days to healing, average velocity of wound closure, and percentage of wound surface closed at 3, 6, and 12 weeks through the use of homogenized and lyophilized amniotic membrane (hAMpe) dressings for the treatment of DFUs in ambulatory patients. Methods: An observational, descriptive, longitudinal study was performed. Patients presenting with granulation-based DFU, after proper debridement, were included from August 19, 2021, until July 14, 2023. hAMpe dressings placed every 3 days were used for the treatment of these ulcers. Results: Sixteen patients were included with a mean age of 52.38 (8.07) years. The analyzed lesions were postsurgical ulcers in 15 of the 16 included patients. Median ulcer size was 19.5 cm2 (6.12-36). The median ABI was 1.10 (1-1.14). The median days to healing was 96 (71-170). The median percentage closure of the wound at 3 weeks was 41% (28.9%-55.3%), at 6 weeks it was 68.2% (48.6%-74.2%), and at 12 weeks it was 100% (81%-100%). The average velocity closure was 1.04% per day (95% CI 0.71%-1.31%). It was higher during the closure of the first 50% of the ulcer, 2.12% per day (95% CI 0.16%-4.09%), and decreased from 50% to 25% of the ulcer size to 0.67% per day (95% CI 0.23%-1.10%) and from 25% to closure to 0.47% per day (95% CI 0.14%-0.80%), P < .001. Conclusion: These results are difficult to compare to other studies given the higher surface area of the ulcers included in our sample. The development of hAMpe dressings enables patients to apply them without requiring assistance from health care teams and was not associated with any recognized complications.