bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innovation and Preservation: Remaking China's National Leadership Training System
Authors: Chin Gregory T. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis article details the reorganization of China's national leadership training system, and analyses the reforms as an integral element of the Chinese Communist Party's efforts to adapt institutionally to a rapidly changing environment. Three main findings are presented. First, the national leadership training system is being remade under the direction of the Party's Central Organization Department to give greater emphasis to the “spirit of reform and innovation,” as seen especially in the creation of the China Executive Leadership Academy in Pudong, Shanghai, and in the formation of sister academies in Jinggangshan and Yan'an. Second, China's political elite have given greater priority to leadership innovation, although they are trying to balance this with ensuring that sufficient attention and resources are also given to preserving the ruling status of the CCP. Third, by establishing the new group of training academies under the COD, the Party is diversifying beyond the Party School system for leadership research and training. The article suggests that the guiding logic behind these reforms is to promote enough innovation in managerial training and research to enable the Party to meet the changing governance requirements of the market transition and economic globalization, while at the same time putting in place institutional measures that help to preserve the Party's rule.
Climbing the Weiquan Ladder: A Radicalizing Process for Rights-Protection Lawyers
Authors: Hualing Fu , Cullen Richard 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIt is commonly acknowledged that weiquan lawyers operate in a narrow space, and lawyers with a radical stance work within a harsh environment. Weiquan lawyers advance and retreat in response to the changing macro-political-legal environment, but there is no sign that they are giving up their legal struggles. A steadily growing number of weiquan lawyers are tending to become more radical in their approach as their experience advances. This article studies the process in which weiquan lawyers start and sustain weiquan lawyering in a harsh environment and the factors that contribute to the radicalizing process. Its principal purpose is to identify and explain a radicalization process in which a lawyer climbs up the ladder of weiquan lawyering, from a moderate lawyer providing legal aid in individual cases to a critical or radical lawyer.
A New Spectacle in China's Mediasphere: A Cultural Reading of a Web-Based Reality Show from Shanghai
Authors: Berg Daria 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis study offers a cultural reading of the web-based reality showSoul Partners(2007) from Shanghai.Soul Partnersserves as a case study to explore how 21st-century Chinese cultural discourse debates the transformation of urban society in China, providing insight into the Chinese cultural imagination, perceptions of the globalizing metropolis and the impact of consumer culture. This reading positionsSoul Partnerswithin the discursive context of Chinese popular, postmodern and post-socialist culture and in relation to the cultural import of the reality show genre into China's mediasphere. Analysis focuses on the quest for authenticity in the Chinese discourse on perceived reality and the waySoul Partnersgenerates new urban dreams for China's Generation X. The analysis ofSoul Partnerssheds new light on the dynamics of transcultural appropriation in a globalizing China and the social and political implications.
Is morphosyntactic change really rare?
Authors: THOMASON SARAH G. 
Published: April 2011

Jürgen Meisel argues that “grammatical variation. . .can be described. . .in terms of parametric variation”, and – crucially for his arguments in this paper – that “parameter settings do not change across the lifespan”. To this extent he adopts the standard generative view, but he then departs from what he calls “the literature on historical linguistics” (by which he means the generative literature only) in developing the arguments leading to his major claims: that only “transmission failure” resulting from L2 acquisition can produce parametric morphosyntactic change; that any L2 learners, children or adults, may be the agents of change; that such changes “happen less frequently than is commonly assumed”; and that, “in larger and more complex societies, situations in which L2 learners exert a major influence on a language are most likely to emerge in periods of substantial demographic changes” (his example is a plague that kills most members of a speech community). Adult L2 learners, according to Meisel, can only be agents of parametric change if they provide most or all of the input for the next generation's L1 acquisition.
Access to food source and food source use are associated with healthy and unhealthy food-purchasing behaviours among low-income African-American adults in Baltimore City
Authors: D'Angelo Heather , Suratkar Sonali , Song Hee-Jung , Stauffer Elizabeth , Gittelsohn Joel 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjectiveAlthough previous research has shown limited availability of healthy food in low-income urban neighbourhoods, the association between food source use and food-purchasing patterns has not yet been examined. We explored food-purchasing patterns in the context of food source use and food source access factors in low-income areas of Baltimore City.DesignCross-sectional survey.SettingPredominantly low-income neighbourhoods in East and West Baltimore City.SubjectsA total of 175 low-income African-American adult residents.ResultsSupermarkets and corner stores were the most frequently used food sources. Walking was the main form of transportation used by 57 % of all respondents, 97 % of corner-store shoppers and 49 % of supermarket shoppers. Multiple linear regression models adjusting for demographic factors, type of food source used and transportation type found that corner-store use was associated with obtaining more unhealthy food (P = 0·005), whereas driving to the food source was associated with obtaining more healthy food (P = 0·012).ConclusionsThe large number of corner stores compared with supermarkets in low-income neighbourhoods makes them an easily accessible and frequently used food source for many people. Interventions to increase the availability and promotion of healthy food in highly accessed corner stores in low-income neighbourhoods are needed. Increased access to transportation may also lead to the use of food sources beyond the corner store, and to increased healthy food purchasing.
The Construction of a Clinical Audit to Evaluate the Prevalence of Uncontrolled or Untreated Hypertension among an Adult Population Presenting to Pre-assessment Prior to Major Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Jenkinson Corrine Louise 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis audit exists to evaluate the incidence and management of uncontrolled and untreated hypertension at pre-assessment among an adult population prior to major orthopaedic surgery. It exists as part of a series of articles presented in this journal. The author will outline the aims and objectives of the audit and discuss its design. This will be followed by the access and sampling method and the data collection method. Thereafter, the audit standards, ethical considerations and audit findings will be discussed. Next, a change model will be outlined with discussion as to how this may be used to implement and develop changes in practice. Recommendations for practice will follow with a conclusion and reflection.
Tradeoffs in the Policy Process in Advancing Climate Change Adaptation: The Case of Australia's Great Eastern Ranges Initiative
Authors: Levin Kelly , Petersen Brian 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTThe first continental-scale climate change adaptation strategy for biodiversity conservation has been adopted in Australia. The Great Eastern Ranges Initiative (GERI), aims to bolster the resilience of biodiversity by enhancing connectivity in eastern Australia for species migration in a changing climate. The Initiative is now being carried out on the ground, and is among the earliest national-level adaptation strategies for biodiversity conservation advanced by policymakers. In this paper we explore the implications of the rapid progression of the Initiative through the policy process, providing insights useful for decision makers advancing adaptation policies elsewhere in the future.
Cooperation Across Boundaries: The Role of Political Entrepreneurs in Environmental Collaboration
Authors: Schoon Michael L. , York Abigail M. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper links disparate scholarship in cross-border environmental institutions from local and global policymaking literature. We explore the ability of political entrepreneurs to broker deals across borders utilizing game theory as a metaphor for the strategic agency of the policy-making entrepreneurs. Our intent is to understand why collaboration occurs across jurisdictional boundaries in some situations and not in others and when cross-border governance works. Based on the literature, we propose and examine the explanatory power of three conditions for successful cross-border environmental negotiations: i) a skilled entrepreneur, ii) costs and benefits that are perceived as equitable, and iii) veto players' preference points (the desired end goals of the governments that the entrepreneurs represent) that are close. We use two cases to demonstrate that policy change literature can be integrated with game theoretic literature to understand game switching by political entrepreneurs in the pursuit of cross-border collaborative governance.
Miombo Woodland Utilization and Management, and Impact Perception among Stakeholders in Zambia: A Call for Policy Change in Southern Africa
Authors: Syampungani Stephen , Geldenhuys Coert J. , Chirwa Paxie W 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT
Miombo woodland is important for both wood and non-timber forest products (NTFPs). The most commonly harvested products are timber, firewood, charcoal, fencing materials and materials for making farm tools and household items. The non-timber forest products harvested include mushrooms, fruits, medicines etc. A range of user groups such as timber producers, farmers and charcoal producers are involved in the exploitation of different types of woodland resources. Differences in priority of wood products and poor understanding of the Miombo ecosystem often result in each group attributing the negative impacts on the woodland to the other groups. In particular, timber producers accuse the charcoal producers of causing the depletion/decline of the timber species population which are cut as a by-product of charcoal production. However, there is clear evidence suggesting that timber species tend to do better in charcoal production and areas opened up due to slash and burn. This suggests that charcoal production, slash and burn agriculture and timber production may be integrated in forest management. As a result, there is need to formulate policies that provide for the integration of these different land use types into forest management.
hmChIP: a database and web server for exploring publicly available human and mouse ChIP-seq and ChIP-chip data
Authors: Chen Li , Wu George , Ji Hongkai 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Summary: hmChIP is a database of genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) data in human and mouse. Currently, the database contains 2016 samples from 492 ChIP-seq and ChIP-chip experiments, representing a total of 170 proteins and 11 069 914 protein–DNA interactions. A web server provides interface for database query. Protein–DNA binding intensities can be retrieved from individual samples for user-provided genomic regions. The retrieved intensities can be used to cluster samples and genomic regions to facilitate exploration of combinatorial patterns, cell-type dependencies, and cross-sample variability of protein–DNA interactions.
Availability: http://jilab.biostat.jhsph.edu/database/cgi-bin/hmChIP.pl
Contact: hji@jhsph.edu
Supplementary Information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Evaluation of MP4OX for Prevention of Perioperative Hypotension in Patients Undergoing Primary Hip Arthroplasty with Spinal Anesthesia
Authors: Olofsson Christina I. , Górecki Andrzej Z. , Dirksen Ris , Kofranek Ivo , Majewski Jacek A. , Mazurkiewicz Tomasz , Jahoda David , Fagrell Bengt , Keipert Peter E. , Hardiman Yun J. , Levy Howard 
Published: March 2011

Background
MP4OX (oxygenated polyethylene glycol-modified hemoglobin) is an oxygen therapeutic agent with potential applications in clinical settings where targeted delivery of oxygen to ischemic tissues is required. The primary goal of this study was to investigate MP4OX for preventing hypotensive episodes. An additional goal was to establish the safety profile of MP4OX in a large surgical population.

Methods
Patients (n = 367) from 18 active study sites in six countries, undergoing elective primary hip arthroplasty with spinal anesthesia, were randomized to receive MP4OX or hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4. Patients received a 250-ml dose at induction of spinal anesthesia and a second 250-ml dose if the protocol-specified trigger (predefined decrease in systolic blood pressure) was reached. The primary end point was the proportion of patients who developed one or more hypotensive episodes.

Results
The proportion of patients with one or more hypotensive episodes was significantly lower (P < 0.0001) in the MP4OX group (66.1%) versus controls receiving hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 (90.2%). More MP4OX-treated patients experienced adverse events compared with controls (72.7% vs. 61.4%; P = 0.026). Transient elevations in laboratory values (e.g., alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lipase, and troponin concentrations) occurred more frequently in the MP4OX group. There were no significant differences in the incidence of serious adverse events or in the composite morbidity and ischemia outcome end points, but nausea and hypertension were reported more often in MP4OX-treated patients.

Conclusion
MP4OX significantly reduced the incidence of hypotensive episodes in patients undergoing hip arthroplasty, but the adverse event profile does not support use in routine low-risk surgical patients for the indication evaluated in this study.
Preparation of Postimplantation Mouse Embryos for Imaging: Figure 1.
Authors: Garcia Monica D. , Udan Ryan S. , Hadjantonakis Anna-Katerina , Dickinson Mary E. 
Published: April 2011

INTRODUCTIONGenetic manipulation methods allow fluorescent labeling of virtually any cell type or protein of interest in developing embryos, providing powerful insights into morphogenetic events at cellular and subcellular resolutions. The development of ex vivo embryo culture methods combined with high-resolution imaging provides a strong platform for observing morphogenetic events as they occur within the developing embryo. This protocol details the dissection and immobilization of postimplantation mouse embryos in preparation for live imaging.
Construction and Expression of Tetracysteine-Tagged Proteins for FlAsH-FALI
Authors: Habets Ron L.P. , Verstreken Patrik 
Published: April 2011

INTRODUCTIONFluorescein-assisted light inactivation (FALI) is a powerful method for studying acute loss of protein function, even if the corresponding mutations lead to early lethality. In this protocol, FALI is mediated by the membrane-permeable FlAsH (4′,5′-bis(1,3,2-dithioarsolan-2-yl)fluorescein) compound that binds with high specificity to the genetically encoded tetracysteine tag and thus allows the inactivation of protein function in vivo with exquisite spatial (<40 Å) and temporal (<30 sec) resolution. It also enables the analysis of kinetically distinct processes such as synaptic vesicle exocytosis and endocytosis. This protocol describes the creation of a tetracysteine-tagged construct that can be used in FlAsH-FALI. These tagged genomic constructs are cloned in a conditional amplifiable bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC), such as P(acman), using recombineering.
FlAsH-FALI Inactivation of a Protein at the Third-Instar Neuromuscular Junction: Figure 1.
Authors: Habets Ron L.P. , Verstreken Patrik 
Published: April 2011

INTRODUCTIONFluorescein-assisted light inactivation (FALI) is a powerful method for studying acute loss of protein function, even if the corresponding mutations lead to early lethality. In this protocol, FALI is mediated by the membrane-permeable FlAsH (4′,5′-bis(1,3,2-dithioarsolan-2-yl)fluorescein) compound that binds with high specificity to the genetically encoded tetracysteine tag and thus allows the inactivation of protein function in vivo with exquisite spatial (<40 Å) and temporal (<30 sec) resolution. It also enables the analysis of kinetically distinct processes such as synaptic vesicle exocytosis and endocytosis. This protocol describes efficient inactivation of a protein using FlAsH-FALI at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) of third-instar larvae. Note that FlAsH-FALI in other tissues is also theoretically possible with minor adaptations to the protocol described here. We explain controls for positional effects, for unspecific FlAsH binding to endogenous proteins, and for phototoxicity. Following FlAsH-FALI, protein function can be studied using a number of secondary assays, including electrophysiology, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy or FM1-43 labeling of synaptic vesicle pools.
Megaselia abdita: Cuticle Preparation from Injected Embryos: Figure 1.
Authors: Rafiqi Ab. Matteen , Lemke Steffen , Schmidt-Ott Urs 
Published: April 2011

INTRODUCTIONThis protocol describes how to prepare cuticles of Megaselia abdita embryos that have been injected through the chorion and developed under oil.
Making Yeast Cell Extracts for Purifying TAP-tagged Protein Complexes
Authors: Link Andrew J. , Weaver Connie , Farley Adam 
Published: April 2011

INTRODUCTIONOne approach to identifying protein–protein interactions is the biochemical purification of a target protein from cells or tissues under nondenaturing conditions followed by the mass spectrometric identification of the components of the purified protein complex. The combination of highly specific protein purification strategies and mass spectrometry has proven to be a very successful approach for identifying protein–protein interactions. The tandem affinity purification (TAP) affinity tag and purification method allows efficient recovery of proteins present at low cellular concentrations under native conditions. Expressing the target protein at its natural levels avoids the assembly of overexpressed proteins into nonphysiological complexes. This protocol describes the preparation of extract from TAP-tagged yeast cells for use in purifying TAP-tagged protein complexes.
Maintaining Live Cells and Tissue Slices in the Imaging Setup
Authors: Dailey Michael E. , Marrs Glen S. , Kurpius Dana 
Published: April 2011

INTRODUCTIONLive imaging provides exciting opportunities to study dynamic cellular events as they occur in real time. However, such experimental procedures present several challenges. This article discusses some of the major considerations relating to the maintenance of live biological samples during ex vivo imaging and presents some relatively simple low-cost solutions for keeping samples healthy.
Mothers’ perceptions of factors affecting their abilities to care for infants with allergy
Authors: Alanne Soili , Laitinen Kirsi , Söderlund Riitta , Paavilainen Eija 
Published: April 2011

Aim.  To identify mothers’ perceptions of the supporting or straining factors involved in motherhood generally and in relation to child’s atopic dermatitis and food allergy at the age of 1–2 years.Background.  The main person who cares for a child in the early years of life is usually the mother. Information on mothers’ perceptions of factors affecting their resources to care for their healthy or allergic children is incomplete and needs to be identified.Design.  A descriptive qualitative study with semi‐structured interviews.Method.  Altogether 32 interviews with mothers having a one‐year‐old healthy or allergic child and repeat interviews with mothers of allergic children aged two years were conducted. Deductive content analysis was applied, based on the concept of empowerment and an empowerment model for family nursing.Results.  A child’s food allergy at the age of one year caused considerable strain for the mother, chiefly because the adoption of new foods into the child’s diet was delayed, and waking at night because of itching related to atopic dermatitis. This delay was still causing the mother additional strain, when the child was two years old. Specific allergy‐related strengthening factors were the mother’s own knowledge, hope for an improvement, social support and work.Conclusions.  This qualitative study succeeded in identifying strain situations for mothers with one‐ and two‐year‐old allergic children. Such mothers should be recognised and provided with individual support by nurses and healthcare professionals to focus on the supporting factors.Relevance to clinical practice.  Mothers of allergic children should be recognised. An inquiry or questionnaire based on personal abilities and the family’s internal and external capabilities may contribute to identifying these mothers. Mothers should be provided with individual encouragement and support from mother and child health clinics by focusing on factors felt to be strengthening ones.
SEC14 is a specific requirement for secretion of phospholipase B1 and pathogenicity of Cryptococcus neoformans
Authors: Chayakulkeeree Methee , Johnston Simon Andrew , Oei Johanes Bijosono , Lev Sophie , Williamson Peter Richard , Wilson Christabel Frewen , Zuo Xiaoming , Leal Ana Lusia , Vainstein Marilene Henning , Meyer Wieland , Sorrell Tania Christine , May Robin Charles , Djordjevic Julianne Teresa 
Published: April 2011

SummarySecreted phospholipase B1 (CnPlb1) is essential for dissemination of Cryptococcus neoformans to the central nervous system (CNS) yet essential components of its secretion machinery remain to be elucidated. Using gene deletion analysis we demonstrate that CnPlb1 secretion is dependent on the CnSEC14 product, CnSec14‐1p. CnSec14‐1p is a homologue of the phosphatidylinositol transfer protein ScSec14p, which is essential for secretion and viability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In contrast to CnPlb1, neither laccase 1‐induced melanization within the cell wall nor capsule induction were negatively impacted in CnSEC14‐1 deletion mutants (CnΔsec14‐1 and CnΔsec14‐1CnΔsfh5). Similar to the CnPLB1 deletion mutant (CnΔplb1), CnΔsec14‐1 was hypovirulent in mice and did not disseminate to the CNS by day 14 post infection. Furthermore, macrophage expulsion of live CnΔsec14‐1 and CnΔplb1 (vomocytosis) was reduced. Individual deletion of CnSEC14‐2, a closely related CnSEC14‐1 homologue, and CnSFH5, a distantly related SEC fourteen like homologue, did not abrogate CnPlb1 secretion or virulence. However, reconstitution of CnΔsec14‐1 with CnSEC14‐1 or CnSEC14‐2 restored both phenotypes, consistent with functional genetic redundancy. We conclude that CnPlb1 secretion is SEC14‐dependent and that C. neoformans preferentially exports virulence determinants to the cell periphery via distinct pathways. We also demonstrate that CnPlb1 secretion is essential for vomocytosis.