bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utility of rbcS gene as a novel target DNA region for brown algal molecular systematics
Authors: Lee Sang‐Rae , Oak Jung Hyun , Keum Yeon‐Shim , Lee Jin Ae , Chung Ik Kyo 
Published: December 2010

SUMMARYThe usefulness of molecular phylogenetic studies has increased remarkably as the quantity and quality of available DNA sequences has increased. When compared with the progress that has occurred in angiosperms and animals, there have been relatively few target DNA regions identified for use in taxonomic studies of brown algae. Therefore, in this study, we developed a new set of primers to amplify Rubisco small subunit (rbcS) gene sequences and determined the rbcS gene sequences of various species of brown algae including those belonging to Dictyotales, Ectocarpales, Fucales and Sphacelariales. The level of sequence variations in the rbcS gene varied according to the brown algal lineages. When focusing on the relationship of species within the genus Sargassum, the rbcS gene sequences provided useful information regarding the phylogenetic relationship among sections of the subgenus Bactrophycus. Based on the broad applicability and phylogenetic utility of the rbcS gene, we suggest that the sequence be used as a new target region for the molecular systematics of brown algae.
Research note: First report ofSporolithon ptychoides(Sporolithales, Corallinophycidae, Rhodophyta) for the Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Bahia Ricardo G. , Riosmena‐Rodriguez Rafael , Maneveldt Gavin W. , Amado Filho Gilberto M. 
Published: December 2010

SUMMARYSamples corresponding toSporolithon ptychoidesHeydrich were collected in the mesophotic zone (50 m depth) south of Espírito Santo State, Brazil. The collected material presented features characteristic of the species, namely: tetrasporangia of 75–105 × 40–55 µm grouped into sori that are raised above the surrounding vegetative thallus surface; presence of a basal layer of elongate cells in areas where the tetrasporangia develop; presence of buried tetrasporangial compartments deep in the thallus; and 3–5 cells in the tetrasporangial paraphyses. These same features said to collectively characterizeS. ptychoides, were all observed in a representative specimen and the type specimen ofSporolithon dimotum(Foslie & Howe) Yamaguishi‐Tomita ex M.J Wynne. This latter species is thus conspecific withS. ptychoidesand is therefore considered a heterotypic synonym thereof, asS. ptychoideshas nomenclatural priority. This study expands the known geographical distribution of the species and may give insight into the origin of the species into other geographical regions.
Morphological features and chromosome numbers in cultures of five Cephaleuros species (Trentepohliaceae, Chlorophyta) from Japan
Authors: Suto Yasuo , Ohtani Shuji 
Published: December 2010

SUMMARYThe morphological features and chromosome numbers were examined in cultures of five species of Cephaleuros; C. aucubae, C. biolophus, C. japonicus, C. microcellularis, and C. virescens, collected from Japan. On agar media of Bold's basal medium and CA medium, radial growth of the algal colonies was vigorous in C. virescens, moderate in C. aucubae, and poor in C. microcellularis, but varied from poor to moderate in isolates of C. biolophus and C. japonicus. Filaments of C. virescens branched at an angle less than 40° and just below the cross walls, while those of the other species branched at an angle greater than 40° without relation to the cross walls. The length of filamentous cells was significantly smaller in C. microcellularis than in the other species. The chromosome number differed with the species: n = 22 in C. aucubae, n = 34 in C. biolophus, n = 18 in C. japonicus, n = 12 in C. microcellularis, and n = 24 in C. virescens. The chromosome number did not vary between isolates from filaments and gametes in C. aucubae and C. biolophus and among those from filaments, gametes, and zoospores in C. japonicus and C. virescens.
Research note: Induction of gamete discharge by hypertonic treatment in the green algaBryopsis plumosa(Caulerpales, Chlorophyta)
Authors: Mine Ichiro , Ozaki Chie , Sekida Satoko , Okuda Kazuo 
Published: December 2010

SUMMARYBrief treatment with hypertonic solutions induced gamete discharge from gametangia in the coenocytic green algaBryopsis plumosa(Hudson) C. Agardh. It is known that gamete discharge in this alga is triggered by a change from darkness to light. However, in this study mature gametangia, incubated for 30–120 s in artificial seawater (ASW) with an additional 0.4–0.6 M NaCl and then transferred into pure ASW, discharged gametes in darkness. The treatment did not affect the motility of the gametes. Addition of sucrose (1.0–1.2 M) to ASW also induced gamete discharge in darkness. Similar results were obtained by adding KCl (0.4 M) or mannitol (1.2 M) to ASW. Continuous incubation of gametangia in such hypertonic solutions also induced gamete discharge but led to a delay and a reduction in the rate of gamete discharge, and a loss of gamete motility. In gametangia treated with the hypertonic solutions, as well as in those exposed to light, shortening of the gametangial length was observed before gamete discharge.
Maternal psychosocial factors around delivery, and the behavior of 2‐year‐old children
Authors: Chuang Chao‐Hua , Jeng Suh‐Fang , Hsieh Wu‐Shiun , Liao Hua‐Fang , Su Yi‐Ning , Chen Pau‐Chung 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackground:  The objectives of the present study were to explore whether maternal psychosocial factors, mental health and work stress around delivery, are related to the behavior of 2‐year‐old children.Methods:  In a prospective cohort study design, pregnant women attending the National Taiwan University Hospital for delivery and post‐partum care from April 2004 to January 2005 were recruited and their children were observed at 24 months. A total of 186 mother–term‐born child dyads completed the measurement. The five‐item Mental Health Index (MHI‐5) self‐report data of maternal psychosocial factors were selected from the Taiwanese version of the short form 36 (SF‐36). The Child Behavior Checklist for age 1½–5 (CBCL/1½‐5) was completed by the parents when the child was 2 years old.Results:  The mean score of mental health around delivery was 68.11. The proportion of mothers with work stress seldom and always was 61.8% and 24.7%, respectively. The mean of the total CBCL score, and internalizing, externalizing behavior and sleep problems scores was 45.95, 11.89, 15.59 and 4.23, respectively. After adjusting for the potential confounders, maternal work stress around delivery was found to have a significant effect on the total CBCL and externalizing, attention and aggressive, behavioral problems of 2‐year old children. Maternal mental health around delivery, however, did not show significant effects on child behavior.Conclusions:  Work stress around delivery seems to aggravate children's externalizing behavior problems at 2 years old. It is therefore important to improve the psychosocial health and reduce the stress of pregnant women.
Comparing the qualitatively different effects rapidly evolving and rapidly induced defences have on predator–prey interactions
Authors: Cortez Michael H. 
Published: December 2010

Ecology Letters (2011) 14: 202–209AbstractInterspecific interactions depend not only on the population densities of the interacting species, but on their phenotypes as well. Phenotypic variation can be plastic or heritable and both mechanisms can drive phenotypic change at rates comparable to or faster than those of ecological dynamics (e.g. changes in population abundances or spatial distributions). In this study, we compare the effects rapidly induced and rapidly evolving defences have on community dynamics by considering the fast phenotypic change limit using fast‐slow systems theory. Our approach allows us to study phenotypically plastic and evolving systems with one overarching theory, thus capturing the effects rapidly induced defences have on ecological dynamics and how those effects differ from the effects of evolving defences. Our results show that rapidly induced defences tend to stabilize community dynamics and that some behaviours observed in rapidly evolving systems cannot be produced by phenotypic plasticity.
To the Ends of the Earth? Minority Biblical Criticism in Motion – They were All Together in One Place? Toward Minority Biblical Criticism – Edited by Randall C. Bailey, Tat‐siong Benny Liew, and Fernando F. Segovia
Authors: Kim Uriah Y. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWhat is minority biblical criticism? Why do all biblical scholars need to engage with it? Do race and ethnicity, sex and gender, and political and socio‐economic concerns matter in interpreting the Bible? Leading minority scholars of the Bible from African American, Asian American, and Latino/a American communities come together to answer these questions and break grounds for further cooperation and development of this much‐needed hermeneutical strategy. The authors in this volume willfully disobey the rules of objectivity and universality and shatter the pretension of those who claim that one's context has no bearing on their interpretation of the text. They push the boundaries of the discipline of biblical studies and take the interdisciplinary turn in order to create a space in which minority biblical criticism can stand on its own.
A New Fundamental Freedom beyond Market Integration: Union Citizenship and its Dynamics for Shifting the Economic Paradigm of European Integration
Authors: Wollenschläger Ferdinand 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe development of European integration from an economic to a political community has become manifest not just in the continuous addition of non‐economic policy areas to the treaties. The introduction of Union citizenship (and its controversial subsequent development in the European Court of Justice's jurisprudence) has also triggered a paradigm shift in one of the community's core areas, the concept of negative integration hitherto intrinsically linked to the internal market. Thus, neither the individual's quality as a market actor nor his/her involvement in a transnational economic activity is a condition for enjoyment of the market freedoms' core guarantees, these being a right of residence and a far‐reaching claim to national treatment in other Member States, as well as a prohibition on restrictions to the free movement of persons. A new fundamental freedom beyond market integration (‘Grundfreiheit ohne Markt’) has emerged. This process, whose consequences for the welfare systems of the wealthier Member States have been fiercely discussed for some time, however, also threatens to curtail severely the regulatory autonomy at the national level.
Pathologies of Deliberation in the EU
Authors: Karolewski Ireneusz Pawel 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe article explores the ‘dark side’ of deliberation with regard to the EU. In contrast to the dominant apologetics of deliberation, it argues that even though deliberation might have benevolent effects on decision making in the EU, the convention method cannot be viewed as a democratic alternative to the intergovernmental conferences. This is due to the pathologies of deliberation that can only be corrected by applying additional mechanisms. The article explores the pathologies of deliberation by referring to recent experience with the convention method applied within the Convention on the Charter of Fundamental Rights (1999/2000) and the Convention on the Future of the European Union (2002/2003). It discusses two types of deliberative pathologies including the false will‐formation and the rational hijacking of deliberation which question the validity of democratic claims made by deliberation theory.
Pluralism, Deference and the Margin of Appreciation Doctrine
Authors: Gerards Janneke 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn this article it will be argued that good use of the instrument of deference might help the EU courts to deal with the situation of pluralism that is currently visible in the European legal order. By means of deferential judicial review, the EU courts can pay due respect to national constitutional traditions and to national legislative and policy choices, thus preventing situations of real conflict. In addition, deference enables the EU courts to take into account the intricacies related to judicial review of norms drafted by co‐equal institutions or by national elected bodies. Although the EU courts already make use of some form of deferential review, they may use the instrument in a clearer and more structured manner. As a basis for the development of a European ‘doctrine of deference’, a comparison will be made with the margin of appreciation doctrine devised by the European Court of Human Rights. Although this doctrine is certainly not fault‐free, it offers a number of advantages in terms of clarity and controllability. If improved and adapted on the basis of theoretical notions of procedural democracy, the doctrine might be put to good use by the EU courts.
Effects of neuroinflammation on the regenerative capacity of brain stem cells
Authors: Russo Isabella , Barlati Sergio , Bosetti Francesca 
Published: December 2010

J. Neurochem. (2011) 116, 947–956.AbstractIn the adult brain, neurogenesis under physiological conditions occurs in the subventricular zone and in the dentate gyrus. Although the exact molecular mechanisms that regulate neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation are largely unknown, several factors have been shown to affect neurogenesis. Decreased neurogenesis in the hippocampus has been recognized as one of the mechanisms of age‐related brain dysfunction. Furthermore, in pathological conditions of the central nervous system associated with neuroinflammation, inflammatory mediators such as cytokines and chemokines can affect the capacity of brain stem cells and alter neurogenesis. In this review, we summarize the state of the art on the effects of neuroinflammation on adult neurogenesis and discuss the use of the lipopolysaccharide‐model to study the effects of inflammation and reactive‐microglia on brain stem cells and neurogenesis. Furthermore, we discuss the possible causes underlying reduced neurogenesis with normal aging and potential anti‐inflammatory, pro‐neurogenic interventions aimed at improving memory deficits in normal and pathological aging and in neurodegenerative diseases.
Discovery of the Drosophila (Drosophila) robusta species group (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from Southeast Asian tropics, with the descriptions of six new species
Authors: SUWITO Awit , WATABE Hideaki 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSix new species of the Drosophila robusta species group are described from Southeast Asian Islands. Kalimantan and Sunda Islands lie east of Bali, from which Drosophila barobusta sp.nov and D. uncinata sp.nov belong to the lacertosa subgroup, and D. sungaicola sp.nov, D. baliensis sp.nov, D. hitam sp.nov and D. subaquatica sp.nov to the okadai subgroup. The robusta group from Southeast Asian tropics exclusively inhabits streamsides in mountainous highlands with an elevation of more than 600 m from the sea level.
Study of the osseointegration of dental implants placed with an adapted surgical technique
Authors: Al‐Marshood Maysa M. , Junker Rudiger , Al‐Rasheed Abdulaziz , Al Farraj Aldosari Abdullah , Jansen John A. , Anil Sukumaran 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjective: To study the osseointegration of dental implants placed with a modified surgical technique in Beagle dogs and to compare it with the conventional method.Materials and methods: Dental implants were placed bilaterally in the mandible of Beagle dogs using the press‐fit as well as undersized implant bed preparation technique. Micro computer tomography (micro‐CT) and histometric methods were used to analyze the bone implant contact and bone volume (BV) around the implants.Results: The bone‐to‐implant contact percentage (BIC: expressed as %), first BIC (1st BIC: expressed in mm), sulcus depth (SD: expressed in mm) and connective tissue thickness (CT: expressed in mm) were analyzed for both groups. The BIC percentage was significantly higher for the undersized installed implants (P=0.0118). Also, a significant difference existed between the undersized and press‐fit installed implants for the first screw thread showing bone contact (P=0.0145). There were no significant differences in mucosal response (SD and CT) for both installation procedures. Also, no significant difference was found in the BV, as measured using micro‐CT, between the implants placed with an undersized technique (59.3±4.6) compared with the press‐fit implants (56.6±4.3).Conclusion: From the observations of the study, it can be concluded that an undersized implant bed can enhance the implant–bone response. To cite this article:
Al‐Marshood MM, Junker R, Al‐Rasheed A, Al Farraj Aldosari A, Jansen JA, Anil S. Study of the osseointegration of dental implants placed with an adapted surgical technique Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 22, 2011; 753–759 doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2010.02055.x
The effectiveness of systemic eradication therapy against oral Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Bago Ivona , Bago Josip , Plečko Vanda , Aurer Andrej , Majstorović Karolina , Budimir Ana 
Published: December 2010

J Oral Pathol Med (2010) 40: 428–432Background:  Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with numerous gastroduodenal diseases. The oral cavity could be a potential extragastric reservoir for H. pylori, and oral H. pylori might cause gastric reinfection after the eradication therapy. The aim of the study was to evaluate the presence of H. pylori in oral cavity of patients with gastric H. pylori infection and to examine the effectiveness of the eradication therapy against H. pylori in stomach and in the oral cavity.Methods:  Fifty‐six patients with chronic periodontitis and gastric H. pylori were enrolled in the study. Gastric H. pylori infection was determined using 13C‐urea breath test before and 3 months after eradication therapy. The presence of the oral H. pylori was assessed using polymerase chain reaction before and 3 months after eradication therapy. The 1‐week eradication therapy consisted of amoxycilin 1 g, clarithromycin 500 mg, and proton pump inhibitor 20 mg twice a day.Results:  Of 56 subjects with gastric infection, 23 (41.1%) harbored H. pylori in the oral cavity. Eradication rate in stomach was 78.3%, whereas in the oral cavity, H. pylori was not detected from any sample after the eradication therapy.Conclusion:  Almost half of the patients with gastric H. pylori harbored the bacterium in the oral cavity. After the eradication therapy, H. pylori was not detected in the oral cavity, what suggests high effectiveness of the therapy protocol in the oral cavity, or it is possible that oral H. pylori is of a transient character.
Structures of type B ribose 5‐phosphate isomerase from Trypanosoma cruzi shed light on the determinants of sugar specificity in the structural family
Authors: Stern Ana L. , Naworyta Agata , Cazzulo Juan J. , Mowbray Sherry L. 
Published: December 2010

Ribose‐5‐phosphate isomerase (Rpi; EC 5.3.1.6) is a key activity of the pentose phosphate pathway. Two unrelated types of sequence/structure possess this activity: type A Rpi (present in most organisms) and type B Rpi (RpiB) (in some bacteria and parasitic protozoa). In the present study, we report enzyme kinetics and crystallographic studies of the RpiB from the human pathogen, Trypanosoma cruzi. Structures of the wild‐type and a Cys69Ala mutant enzyme, alone or bound to phosphate, d‐ribose 5‐phosphate, or the inhibitors 4‐phospho‐d‐erythronohydroxamic acid and d‐allose 6‐phosphate, highlight features of the active site, and show that small conformational changes are linked to binding. Kinetic studies confirm that, similar to the RpiB from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the T. cruzi enzyme can isomerize d‐ribose 5‐phosphate effectively, but not the 6‐carbon sugar d‐allose 6‐phosphate; instead, this sugar acts as an inhibitor of both enzymes. The behaviour is distinct from that of the more closely related (to T. cruzi RpiB) Escherichia coli enzyme, which can isomerize both types of sugars. The hypothesis that differences in a phosphate‐binding loop near the active site were linked to the differences in specificity was tested by construction of a mutant T. cruzi enzyme with a sequence in this loop more similar to that of E. coli RpiB; this mutant enzyme gained the ability to act on the 6‐carbon sugar. The combined information allows us to distinguish the two types of specificity patterns in other available sequences. The results obtained in the present study provide insights into the action of RpiB enzymes generally, and also comprise a firm basis for future work in drug design.Database
Protein structures and diffraction data have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank (http://www.rcsb.org/pdb) under entry codes 3K7O, 3K7P, 3K7S, 3K8C and 3M1P for the wild‐type, mutant/Pi, R5P, 4PEH and mutant/All6P structures, respectivelyStructured digital abstract
MINT‐8081804, MINT‐8081814: TcRpiB (uniprotkb:A1BTJ7) and TcRpiB (uniprotkb:A1BTJ7)bind (MI:0407) by x‐ray crystallography (MI:0114)
Nuclear factor kappa B and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha modulation of transcription of the mouse testis‐ and pre‐implantation development‐specific Rnf33/Trim60 gene
Authors: Choo Kong‐Bung , Hsu Min‐Chuan , Tsai Yao‐Hui , Lin Wan‐Yi , Huang Chiu‐Jung 
Published: December 2010

We have previously reported a mouse Rnf33/Trim60 gene that is temporally expressed in the pre‐implantation embryo. The Rnf33 structural gene is composed of a short noncoding exon 1 and an intronless coding exon 2. In the present work, Rnf33 was shown to be expressed in the mouse testis and in the testicular cell lines TM3 and TM4. To elucidate Rnf33 transcriptional modulation, a 2.5‐kb Rnf33 sequence, inclusive of the upstream regulatory region, exon 1 and the associated intronic sequence, was dissected in transient transfection and luciferase assays. An initiator and an atypical TATA‐box were shown to act as the core promoter elements of the gene. Deletion and mutagenesis of the 2.5‐kb sequence in luciferase constructs further demonstrated that an intronic and palindromic kappa B (κB) sequence was an important cis element targeted by the nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) subunits p65/RELA and p50/NFκB1, and also through modulation by tumor necrosis factor α. Transcriptional up‐regulation of Rnf33 by NF‐κB and tumor necrosis factor‐α was directly demonstrated in TM3 and TM4 cells by real‐time PCR quantification of the Rnf33 mRNA levels. Small interfering RNA knockdown of p65 and p50 confirmed Rnf33 down‐regulation by p65/p50. Spermatogenesis is regulated by a wide range of stimuli, including NF‐κB, which, in turn, is regulated by other signals. Hence, demonstration of NF‐κB‐regulated Rnf33 expression in testicular cells, particularly in Sertoli cells, implicates functional involvement of the putative RNF33 protein in spermatogenesis through association of the RNF33 protein with the microtubule via interaction with kinesin motor proteins, as previously demonstrated [Huang et al., submitted].