bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resolving length-scale-dependent transient disorder through an ultrafast phase transition
Authors: Griffiths Jack , Suzana Ana F. , Wu Longlong , Marks Samuel D. , Esposito Vincent , Boutet Sébastien , Evans Paul G. , Mitchell J. F. , Dean Mark P. M. , Keen David A. , Robinson Ian , Billinge Simon J. L. , Bozin Emil S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMaterial functionality can be strongly determined by structure extending only over nanoscale distances. The pair distribution function presents an opportunity for structural studies beyond idealized crystal models and to investigate structure over varying length scales. Applying this method with ultrafast time resolution has the potential to similarly disrupt the study of structural dynamics and phase transitions. Here we demonstrate such a measurement of CuIr2S4 optically pumped from its low-temperature Ir-dimerized phase. Dimers are optically suppressed without spatial correlation, generating a structure whose level of disorder strongly depends on the length scale. The redevelopment of structural ordering over tens of picoseconds is directly tracked over both space and time as a transient state is approached. This measurement demonstrates the crucial role of local structure and disorder in non-equilibrium processes as well as the feasibility of accessing this information with state-of-the-art XFEL facilities.
Phase angle and its determinants among adolescents: influence of body composition and physical fitness level
Authors: Ferreira Giovana O. C. , Ferrari Gerson , Langer Raquel D. , Cossio-Bolaños Marco , Gomez-Campos Rossana , Lázari Evandro , Moraes Anderson M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTo examine the association between levels of physical fitness, parameters of body composition and phase angle (PhA) amongst adolescents. A total of 152 adolescents (84 girls) aged 11–16 years were included in this study. Weight and height were measured and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) provided resistance and reactance parameters to calculate fat-free mass (FFM), PhA and fat mass (%FM). The following physical fitness variables were analysed: flexibility, abdominal muscular endurance, upper and lower limb explosive strength, agility, speed and cardiorespiratory fitness. Generalized Linear Models were applied to verify differences across sexes. Stepwise linear regression was used to establish an association between the variables studied. The study established an association between PhA and weight, FFM, BMI, FM, %FM and medicine ball throw (MBT) for girls. As for the boys, an association was verified between PhA and weight, FFM, BMI, standing long jump (SLJ), MBT and the three allometric VO2peak variables analyzed. An association was found between PhA and the boys’ 4-m shuttle run test (4SRT) and 20-m sprint test (20SRT). Boys showed a greater phase angle than girls; In girls, BMI and %FM, were determinant of 32.4% (r = 0.57). PhA variability which is influenced by physical fitness, body composition and, therefore, the tissues electrical conductivity. Furthermore, boys’ height, FFM, upper limb strength, and agility account for 58.4% (r = 0.76) PhA variability. There was a positive correlation between the physical fitness tests and the PhA.
Being facially expressive is socially advantageous
Authors: Kavanagh Eithne , Whitehouse Jamie , Waller Bridget M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIndividuals vary in how they move their faces in everyday social interactions. In a first large-scale study, we measured variation in dynamic facial behaviour during social interaction and examined dyadic outcomes and impression formation. In Study 1, we recorded semi-structured video calls with 52 participants interacting with a confederate across various everyday contexts. Video clips were rated by 176 independent participants. In Study 2, we examined video calls of 1315 participants engaging in unstructured video-call interactions. Facial expressivity indices were extracted using automated Facial Action Coding Scheme analysis and measures of personality and partner impressions were obtained by self-report. Facial expressivity varied considerably across participants, but little across contexts, social partners or time. In Study 1, more facially expressive participants were more well-liked, agreeable, and successful at negotiating (if also more agreeable). Participants who were more facially competent, readable, and perceived as readable were also more well-liked. In Study 2, we replicated the findings that facial expressivity was associated with agreeableness and liking by their social partner, and additionally found it to be associated with extraversion and neuroticism. Findings suggest that facial behaviour is a stable individual difference that proffers social advantages, pointing towards an affiliative, adaptive function.
Estimation of minimum foot clearance using a single foot-mounted inertial sensor and personalized foot geometry scan
Authors: Fehr Katherine Heidi , Bartloff Jennifer Nicole , Wang Yisen , Hetzel Scott , Adamczyk Peter G. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The real-world measurement of minimum foot clearance (mFC) during the swing phase of gait is critical in efforts to understand and reduce the risk of trip-and-fall incidents in populations with gait impairments. Past research has focused on measuring clearance of a single point on a person’s foot, typically the toe—however, this may overestimate mFC and may even be the wrong region of the foot in cases of gait impairments or interventions. In this work, we present a novel method to reconstruct the swing-phase trajectory of an arbitrary number of points on a person’s shoe and estimate the instantaneous height and location of whole-foot mFC. This is achieved using a single foot-mounted inertial sensor and personalized shoe geometry scan, assuming a rigid-body IMU-shoe system. This combination allows collection and analysis using out-of-lab tests, potentially including clinical environments. Validation of single marker location using the proposed method vs. motion capture showed height errors with bias less than 0.05 mm, and 95% confidence interval of − 8.18 to + 8.09 mm. The method is demonstrated in an example data set comparing different interventions for foot drop, and it shows clear differences among no intervention, functional electrical stimulation, and ankle–foot orthosis conditions. This method offers researchers and clinicians a rich understanding of a person’s gait by providing objective 3D foot kinematics and allowing a unique opportunity to view the regions of the foot where minimum clearance occurs. This information can contribute to a more informed recommendation of specific interventions or assistive technology than is currently possible in standard clinical practice.
Newly developed CeO2 and Gd2O3-reinforced borosilicate glasses from municipal waste ash and their optical, structural, and gamma-ray shielding properties
Authors: Abou Hussein E. M. , Shaban S. E. , Rammah Y. S. , Misbah M. Hamed , Marzouk M. A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFrom the useless municipal solid waste (MSW) ashes, CeO2, Gd2O3 and CeO2 + Gd2O3 doped borosilicate glasses were organized via melting-quenching procedure. Various optical, structural, physical and radiation shielding parameters were examined towards the influence of 100 kGy of γ-radiation. UV–visible NIR spectra revealed UV peaks at 351, 348 and 370 nm corresponding to the trivalent states of Ce3+ and Gd3+ ions, while, photoluminescence (PL) spectra displayed asymmetric broad excitations of Ce3+ and Gd3+ ions due to 4f → 5d transitions, and emission intense bands at 412, 434, and 417 nm. CIE chromaticity shows that Gd3+ ions increase the luminescence of Ce3+. FTIR absorption bands revealed an overlapping between tetrahedral groups of silicate (SiO4), with trigonal (BO3) and tetrahedral (BO4) units of borate. The influence of 100 kGy obtains quite reduction in UV–visible NIR and PL peaks, large stability in FTIR and ESR spectra, and stability of thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) as well. The whole data revealed optical, structural and physical stability of glasses after irradiation besides an enhancement in microhardness owing to more structural compactness and high bonding connectivity. Radiation shielding parameters from Phy-X/PSD program showed higher values of mass (MAC) and linear attenuation coefficients (LAC), and effective atomic number (Zeff) in the order of; glass Ce+Gd > glass Ce > glass Gd. Ce + Gd doped glass revealed also the lowest half value layer (HVL) comparing to other shielding commercial concretes. The study recommends the beneficial and economical use of the useless MSW ash to produce CeO2 and/or Gd2O3 borosilicate glasses with hopeful radiation shielding features.
Harnessing the potential of shared data in a secure, inclusive, and resilient manner via multi-key homomorphic encryption
Authors: Kang David Ha Eun , Kim Duhyeong , Song Yongsoo , Lee Dongwon , Kwak Hyesun , Anthony Brian W. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this manuscript, we develop a multi-party framework tailored for multiple data contributors seeking machine learning insights from combined data sources. Grounded in statistical learning principles, we introduce the Multi-Key Homomorphic Encryption Logistic Regression (MK-HELR) algorithm, designed to execute logistic regression on encrypted multi-party data. Given that models built on aggregated datasets often demonstrate superior generalization capabilities, our approach offers data contributors the collective strength of shared data while ensuring their original data remains private due to encryption. Apart from facilitating logistic regression on combined encrypted data from diverse sources, this algorithm creates a collaborative learning environment with dynamic membership. Notably, it can seamlessly incorporate new participants during the learning process, addressing the key limitation of prior methods that demanded a predetermined number of contributors to be set before the learning process begins. This flexibility is crucial in real-world scenarios, accommodating varying data contribution timelines and unanticipated fluctuations in participant numbers, due to additions and departures. Using the AI4I public predictive maintenance dataset, we demonstrate the MK-HELR algorithm, setting the stage for further research in secure, dynamic, and collaborative multi-party learning scenarios.
Combating the causative agent of amoebic keratitis, Acanthamoeba castellanii, using Padina pavonica alcoholic extract: toxicokinetic and molecular docking approaches
Authors: Abdel-Hakeem Sara S. , Hassan Faten A. M. , Hifney Awatief F. , Salem Shimaa H. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNatural products play a significant role in providing the current demand as antiparasitic agents, which offer an attractive approach for the discovery of novel drugs. The present study aimed to evaluate in vitro the potential impact of seaweed Padina pavonica (P. pavonica) extract in combating Acanthamoeba castellanii (A. castellanii). The phytochemical constituents of the extract were characterized by Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Six concentrations of the algal extract were used to evaluate its antiprotozoal activity at various incubation periods. Our results showed that the extract has significant inhibition against trophozoites and cysts viability, with complete inhibition at the high concentrations. The IC50 of P. pavonica extract was 4.56 and 4.89 µg/mL for trophozoites and cysts, respectively, at 24 h. Morphological alterations of A. castellanii trophozoites/cysts treated with the extract were assessed using inverted and scanning electron microscopes and showed severe damage features upon treatment with the extract at different concentrations. Molecular Docking of extracted compounds against Acanthamoeba cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (AcCYP51) was performed using Autodock vina1.5.6. A pharmacokinetic study using SwissADME was also conducted to investigate the potentiality of the identified bioactive compounds from Padina extract to be orally active drug candidates. In conclusion, this study highlights the in vitro amoebicidal activity of P. pavonica extract against A. castellanii adults and cysts and suggests potential AcCYP51 inhibition.
Platelet-rich plasma attenuates the UPEC-induced cystitis via inhibiting MMP-2,9 activities and downregulation of NGF and VEGF in Canis Lupus Familiaris model
Authors: Abdelgalil Ahmed I. , Yassin Aya M. , Khattab Marwa S. , Abdelnaby Elshymaa A. , Marouf Sherif A. , Farghali Haithem A. , Emam Ibrahim A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOne of the most prevalent disorders of the urinary system is urinary tract infection, which is mostly brought on by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). The objective of this study was to evaluate the regenerative therapeutic and antibacterial efficacy of PRP for induced bacterial cystitis in dogs in comparison to conventional antibiotics. 25 healthy male mongrel dogs were divided into 5 groups (n = 5). Control negative group that received neither induced infection nor treatments. 20 dogs were randomized into 4 groups after two weeks of induction of UPEC cystitis into; Group 1 (control positive; G1) received weekly intravesicular instillation of sodium chloride 0.9%. Group 2 (syst/PRP; G2), treated with both systemic intramuscular antibiotic and weekly intravesicular instillation of PRP; Group 3 (PRP; G3), treated with weekly intravesicular instillation of PRP, and Group 4 (syst; G4) treated with an intramuscular systemic antibiotic. Animals were subjected to weekly clinical, ultrasonographic evaluation, urinary microbiological analysis, and redox status biomarkers estimation. Urinary matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2, MMP-9) and urinary gene expression for platelet-derived growth factor -B (PDGF-B), nerve growth factor (NGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were measured. At the end of the study, dogs were euthanized, and the bladder tissues were examined macroscopically, histologically, and immunohistochemically for NF-κB P65 and Cox-2. The PRP-treated group showed significant improvement for all the clinical, Doppler parameters, and the urinary redox status (p < 0.05). The urinary MMPs activity was significantly decreased in the PRP-treated group and the expression level of urinary NGF and VEGF were downregulated while PDGFB was significantly upregulated (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the urinary viable cell count was significantly reduced in all treatments (P < 0.05). Gross examination of bladder tissue showed marked improvement for the PRP-treated group, expressed in the histopathological findings. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a marked increase in Cox-2 and NF-κB P65 in the PRP-treated group (P < 0.05). autologous CaCl2-activated PRP was able to overcome the bacterial infection, generating an inflammatory environment to overcome the old one and initiate tissue healing. Hence, PRP is a promising alternative therapeutic for UPEC cystitis instead of conventional antibiotics.
A process evaluation of a randomized-controlled trial of community gardening to improve health behaviors and reduce stress and anxiety
Authors: Coringrato Eva , Alaimo Katherine , Leiferman Jenn A. , Villalobos Angel , Buchenau Hannah , Decker Erin , Fahnestock Lara , Quist Pallas , Litt Jill S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAs part of the Community Activation for Prevention (CAPS) randomized controlled trial (RCT) of community gardening, we conducted a process evaluation to assess the implementation of a community gardening intervention over nine months, as measured by reach, fidelity (delivery, receipt, enactment), and acceptability. Evaluation instruments included repeated semi-structured interviews with study participants, direct observation of community garden sites, and an exit survey of participants. Primary outcomes were diet, physical activity, and anthropometry; secondary outcomes were stress and anxiety. The CAPS trial included 291 participants (19% non-white; 34% Hispanic/Latino; 35% without a college degree; 58% with income < $50,000 per year). Intervention delivery and receipt were high for environmental supports. Garden social events were offered by 73% of gardens, although only 48% of intervention participants reported attending these events. Of the 145 participants assigned to the gardening intervention, 97 (67%) reported gardening the entire season and reported visiting the community garden a median of 90 min per week (range: 0–840). Of the participants who completed the exit survey (48%), 89% were highly satisfied with the overall garden experience. The CAPS trial was favorably received and implemented with high fidelity, supporting the validity of the trial outcomes. These findings suggest that community gardens are a viable health promotion strategy that can be successfully implemented among new gardeners from diverse backgrounds. Strategies that engage new gardeners in the social aspects of the garden environment and connect gardeners with garden “mentors” or “buddies” to ensure new gardeners achieve success in their first years of gardening are recommended.Trial registration: NCT03089177. Registered 24 March 2017, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03089177.
Characteristics of precipitation changes during tropical cyclone processes in China from 1980 to 2019
Authors: Zhai Guangran , Xu Wei , Su Peng , Qin Lianjie , Liao Xinli 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTropical cyclones (TCs) and their associated intense rainfall are among the most significant natural disasters. Exploring the characteristics of tropical cyclone precipitation (TCP) has always been a challenging issue in TC research. This study utilized the TC track data from the International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship and precipitation data from the multi-source weighted-ensemble precipitation covering the years 1980–2019, to examine shifts in precipitation rates and peak precipitation levels before and after TC landfall. The results highlight several key findings: (1) Precipitation during the TC landfall process is relatively stable beforehand but tends to decrease slightly after landfall. Generally, the maximum precipitation occurs during the landfall. (2) From 1980 to 2019, the rate of precipitation changes before landfall has significantly increased. Conversely, after the year 2000, the rate of precipitation changes after landfall has significantly decreased. (3) Over the past 40 years, while peak precipitation levels of landfalling TCs have remained relatively constant, the total precipitation has shown an increasing trend, particularly in regions like the main island of Hainan, southern Zhejiang, and Shanghai, which are characterized by high peak precipitation. The results help clarify the TC processes and provide reference points for parameter selection in regional TCP modeling.
Factors influencing the association between depressive symptoms and cardiovascular disease in US population
Authors: Ren Keming , Ma Yan , Chen Shuaijie , Wang Peng , Chen Zhezhe , Zhang Wuhua , Chen Yufei , Zhou Tianping , Bian Qianqian , Zhang Wenbin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCardiovascular disease (CVD) and depression are common diseases that lead to adverse health outcomes. Depressive Symptoms may be a risk factor for CVD. But few studies focused on the impact of socioeconomic factors, common medical history and dietary intake about this association. This study analyzed National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2016. Complex sampling-weighted logistic regression models were used to compare the odds ratios (ORs) of CVD in participants with different depressive symptoms. 11,516 NHANES participants aged ≥ 40 years were included in the final analysis, of whom 1842 had CVD. Compared with participants with no/minimal depression, participants with mild, moderate, and moderately severe/severe depression had OR values of 1.25 (95% CI 1.01–1.54), 1.98 (95% CI 1.32–2.96), and 2.41 (95% CI 1.63–3.57). The association of depressive symptoms with CVD follow a dose-dependent pattern. The interactions of depressive symptoms with gender (Interaction P = 0.009), diabetes (Interaction P = 0.010), household income level (Interaction P = 0.002), dietary cholesterol intake (Interaction P = 0.017) on CVD were observed. More severe depressive symptoms are associated with increased risk of CVD in US population. The association may be more pronounced in the female population, population with diabetes, low family income level, or high dietary cholesterol intake.
Structure, gene composition, divergence time and phylogeny analysis of the woody desert species Neltuma alba, Neltuma chilensis and Strombocarpa strombulifera
Authors: Contreras-Díaz Roberto , Carevic Felipe S. , van den Brink Liesbeth , Huanca-Mamani Wilson , Jung Patrick 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNeltuma alba (Algarrobo blanco), Neltuma chilensis (Algarrobo Chileno) and Strombocarpa strombulifera (Fortuna) are some of the few drought resistant trees and shrubs found in small highly fragmented populations, throughout the Atacama Desert. We reconstructed their plastid genomes using de novo assembly of paired-end reads from total genomic DNA. We found that the complete plastid genomes of N. alba and N. chilensis are larger in size compared to species of the Strombocarpa genus. The Strombocarpa species presented slightly more GC content than the Neltuma species. Therefore, we assume that Strombocarpa species have been exposed to stronger natural selection than Neltuma species. We observed high variation values in the number of cpSSRs (chloroplast simple sequence repeats) and repeated elements among Neltuma and Strombocarpa species. The p-distance results showed a low evolutionary divergence within the genus Neltuma, whereas a high evolutionary divergence was observed between Strombocarpa species. The molecular divergence time found in Neltuma and Strombocarpa show that these genera diverged in the late Oligocene. With this study we provide valuable information about tree species that provide important ecosystem services in hostile environments which can be used to determine these species in the geographically isolated communities, and keep the highly fragmented populations genetically healthy.
Forward programming of hiPSCs towards beta-like cells using Ngn3, Pdx1, and MafA
Authors: Jeyagaran Abiramy , Urbanczyk Max , Layland Shannon L. , Weise Frank , Schenke-Layland Katja 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTransplantation of stem cell-derived β-cells is a promising therapeutic advancement in the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus. A current limitation of this approach is the long differentiation timeline that generates a heterogeneous population of pancreatic endocrine cells. To address this limitation, an inducible lentiviral overexpression system of mature β-cell markers was introduced into human induced-pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Following the selection of the successfully transduced hiPSCs, the cells were treated with doxycycline in the pancreatic progenitor induction medium to support their transition toward the pancreatic lineage. Cells cultured with doxycycline presented the markers of interest, NGN3, PDX1, and MAFA, after five days of culture, and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion assays demonstrated that the cells were glucose-responsive in a monolayer culture. When cultured as a spheroid, the markers of interest and insulin secretion in a static glucose-stimulated insulin secretion assay were maintained; however, insulin secretion upon consecutive glucose challenges was limited. Comparison to human fetal and adult donor tissues identified that although the hiPSC-derived spheroids present similar markers to adult insulin-producing cells, they are functionally representative of fetal development. Together, these results suggest that with optimization of the temporal expression of these markers, forward programming of hiPSCs towards insulin-producing cells could be a possible alternative for islet transplantation.