bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strukturierte Beleuchtung in der Hochauflösungsmikroskopie
Authors: Weisshart Klaus , Novikau Yauheni , Krampert Gerhard , Kempe Michael 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWer als Zellbiologe hätte sich nicht schon immer gewünscht, mit seinem Lichtmikroskop feinste Details in der Zelle aufzulösen? Denn die Struktur einer biologischen Einheit sagt viel über ihre Funktionsweise und Dynamik aus. Den Strich durch die Rechnung macht nicht die biologische Probe selbst, sondern ein physikalisches Gesetz, welches Ernst Abbe bereits 1873 formulierte [1]. Es besagt, dass die Auflösung eines Weitfeld Lichtmikroskops durch die Beugung fundamental begrenzt ist. Es gibt aber mittlerweile erfolgreiche Ansätze, das Mikroskop und die mikroskopische Abbildung so zu modifizieren, dass eine Auflösung jenseits des Abbeschen Gesetzes möglich wird. Eines dieser Verfahren ist die strukturierte Beleuchtungsmikroskopie (SIM; engl. „Structured Illumination Microscopy”︁).
Wellenleitermodulatoren für neue Einsatzgebiete
Authors: Ruske Jens‐Peter 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIntegriert‐optische Modulatoren werden vielfach in der optischen Telekommunikation eingesetzt. Durch Modifikation der Herstellungs‐ und Aufbautechnik kann nun auch eine schnelle Modulation von Licht hoher Leistung im Nahinfraroten, die Verarbeitung ultrakurzer Pulse und die Modulation von sichtbarem Licht erfolgen. Das eröffnet neue Anwendungen in den Bereichen Lasermaterialbearbeitung, Photo‐ und Displaytechnik sowie in der Messtechnik.
EMVA 1288 Standard for Machine Vision
Authors: Jähne Bernd 
Published: February 2011

AbstractChoosing the suitable camera for a given machine vision application often proves to be a challenging task. The data sheets provided by the manufacturers are difficult to compare. Frequently, vital pieces of information are not available and the user is forced to conduct a costly comparative test which still may fail to deliver all relevant camera parameters. This is where the EMVA 1288 Standard comes in. It creates transparency by defining reliable and exact measurement procedures as well as data presentation guidelines. Version 3 of the standard has been released officially in March 2010. The standard has meanwhile gained international attention and its procedures have been verified by an international field test including labs from all over the world.
Out of the Economic Slowdown
Authors: Diepenbrock Stefan , Ladwig Birgit 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWithout doubt, photonics is one of the key industries of the future for the German economy. This is despite the fact that the importance of photonics is not widely acknowledged by the general public. Irrespective of this, photonics products can be found in nearly all spheres of life and the photonics industry remains highly innovative, experiences above average growth rates and employs more than 110,000 people. The photonics industry lacks public recognition because its technologies are spread across a wide spectrum of discrete industries. Whether it is a tiny component or more complex machinery, photonic technologies are traditionally apportioned to the corresponding areas of application. Without photonics, however, there would be no semiconductor production, no solar energy harvesting, no digital cameras and no flat screen TVs.
Photonic Crystal Fiber
Authors: Hansen Kim , Imam Husain 
Published: February 2011

AbstractReducing the complexity of opticalsystems emphasizes the need to increase the number of optical functions in as few modules as possible, making the system more compact and simple to operate. Optical functions such as light generation, frequency conversion, amplification, broadband transmission, wavelength filtering and interfacing to the outside environment typically needed separate, individual optical components to be chained together to comprise a system. However, with the advent of Photonic Crystal Fiber, many of these functions can be combined into multifunctional modules paving the way for simpler, turn‐key systems.
Creating Complex Coatings
Authors: MacMillan Iain , Weinacht Martin 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe fabrication of high precision optical coatings has historically used evaporative deposition because of high costs and low production volumes associated with sputtering techniques. However, improvements in substrate handling and sputtering production have made sputtering more efficient.Improved handling techniques, such as load‐locked vacuum chambers, have greatly reduced coating chamber downtime. Likewise dual magnetron and advanced plasma reactive sputtering coating platforms have markedly increased filter throughput allowing the fabrication of highly complex coatings with several hundred layers designed to meet the requirements of today's cutting edge applications such as biotech and analytical instrumentation, fluorescence microscopy and advanced spectroscopy.
Laser‐Based Particle Acceleration
Authors: Kaluza Malte Christoph 
Published: February 2011

AbstractUsing state‐of‐the‐art high‐power laser systems, we are able to routinely generate extreme energy densities and focused light intensities in a controlled laboratory environment. During the interaction of these laser pulses with matter a plasma is generated that can both sustain and support huge electric fields. These can be used as a novel type of accelerator structure for electrons and ions having properties favorable for a large number of future applications.
Blickrichtungsbestimmung in Echtzeit
Authors: Husar Peter , Klefenz Frank 
Published: February 2011

AbstractDas Bestimmen der Blickrichtung eines Auges ist für die Bildverarbeitung eine große Herausforderung. Gängige ‚Eye Tracker’︁ benötigen in der Regel eine aufwändige Kalibrationsprozedur. Ein echtzeitfähiges, kalibrationsfreies System mit Bildraten von über 1000 fps wurde nun von Forschern des FraunhoferInstituts für Digitale Medientechnologie (IDMT) entwickelt.
Bildverarbeitung in der Medizin
Authors: Roman Jean‐Philippe 
Published: February 2011

Abstract„Medical Imaging”︁ ist in der Medizin kein neues Thema. Man versteht darunter meist komplexe Technologien, die einen nicht‐invasiven Einblick in den Körper ermöglichen. Was mit den Röntgenstrahlen begann, ist inzwischen mit CT, MRT, Ultraschall usw. zur Radiologie, einer vollwertigen ärztlichen Fachdisziplin, geworden. Die Fähigkeit, den Körper ganz oder teilweise durchleuchten zu können, ist mit vielen Fortschritten der modernen Medizin verbunden und eine wertvolle Ergänzung der äußerlichen Untersuchung durch den Arzt geworden. Zusätzlich zu den klassischen Radiologie‐Technologien hält auch die Bildverarbeitung mit Digitalkameras Einzug in immer mehr medizinische Applikationen.
Beleuchtung ist das A und O!
Authors: Perrot Sophie 
Published: February 2011

AbstractDie Bedeutung der geeigneten Beleuchtung für ein Bildverarbeitungs‐System wird häufig unterschätzt. Dabei ist die Auswahl der richtigen Lichtquelle ausschlaggebend für die Qualität der Bildaufnahme und kann die anschließende Bildauswertung stark vereinfachen. Dieses Tutorial gibt einige Hilfestellungen, die passende Beleuchtung zur jeweiligen Aufgabe zu finden.
Highest intensities, shortest pulses
Authors: Tajima Toshiki , Habs Dietrich , Mourou Gérard A. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe Extreme Light Infrastructure (ELI) [1] will be the first research infrastructure dedicated to the fundamental study of laser‐matter interaction in the ultra‐relativistic regime. It provides the link between high‐field science and ultrafast science. It further offers a few gigantic steps towards connecting optics, high‐energy physics, nuclear physics, medicine and nuclear engineering, only to name a few.
Light for treating skin diseases
Authors: Seme Bernd , Marke Swen , Meyer Andreas , Streit Ingolf 
Published: February 2011

AbstractNarrowband UVB radiation centered at about 308 nm is widely used in dermatology for the treatment of common skin disorders like psoriasis. Light sources used for this kind of phototherapy are excimer lasers and dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) lamps. Electrodeless exciplex lamps are a new approach to obtain a simple, long‐living and environment‐friendly UVB device that every dermatologist can afford. A first demonstration device has been built within a joint research project. In a clinical test with 20 patients it could be demonstrated that the new lamp is well‐suited for hospital use and capable of easing psoriasis significantly.
More Moore & more quality
Authors: Bonerz Jens 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe complexity of integrated circuits doubles at a remarkable speed — each 18 to 24 months, according to industry insiders. In 1965, Gordon Moore discovered this effect for the first time. Until today, pursuing Moore's Law poses a significant challenge for many industrial sectors because higher complexity in products means more complexity with regard to quality assurance during production as well. Optical surface inspection and metrology solutions have proven to be the right choice when it comes to enabling product innovations within short development cycles.
New and/or improved aspects of fetal surgery
Authors: Luks François I. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractOpen fetal surgery through a wide hysterotomy is no longer a real option for prenatal intervention, but a minimally invasive approach has emerged as treatment for a small number of indications. Endoscopic ablation of placental vessels is the preferred treatment for severe twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome and it may be the only chance to salvage the most severe forms of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Several other indications are currently under review and may become justified in the future, provided that diagnostic accuracy and patient selection become more accurate. Before invasive fetal intervention becomes widely accepted, however, we need to better define outcome. It is no longer acceptable to express results in terms of survival at birth. Survival at discharge and long‐term morbidity must be considered as well. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parents' perspectives on the unforeseen finding of a fetal sex chromosomal aneuploidy
Authors: Pieters J. J. P. M. , Kooper A. J. A. , Eggink A. J. , Verhaak C. M. , Otten B. J. , Braat D. D. M. , Smits A. P. T. , van Leeuwen E. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the parental perspectives of being confronted with an unforeseen fetal sex chromosomal aneuploidy (SCA), in light of the fact that this accidental finding is avoidable by rapid aneuploidy detection (RAD).MethodsExploratory qualitative interview study. We conducted 16 semi‐structured interviews with parents who decided to continue pregnancy after the unforeseen finding of a fetal SCA.ResultsThe communication of the unforeseen finding of SCA; the informed decision‐making process concerning the pregnancy follow‐up and the child and its future were the extracted themes. Parents were not prepared to accidental findings in routine prenatal diagnostics. All started an unguided search on the Internet. It is not at all clear whether parents have preference for an RAD test with X and Y probes Parents were satisfied with the post‐test professional information they received to make an informed decision, whereas after birth questions still remained to be answered.ConclusionParents' perspectives may serve as major contributors to research on the question whether or not the X and Y probes should be standard included for purposes of RAD. The fact that RAD has the possibility to avoid accidental findings of SCAs, brings up the question whether any benefits outweigh the potential harms. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Introduction of a counselling service for patients with type 1 diabetes: better glycaemic control and reduced anxiety
Authors: Masding MG , Ashley K , Klejdys S 
Published: February 2011

AbstractSelf‐management of type 1 diabetes (T1DM) can be undermined by anxiety about life events; consequently, we introduced a counselling service for people with T1DM (using Person Centred Integrative Counselling) to address their concerns and anxieties about their condition, and this involved a six‐week course of 50‐minute sessions with a qualified and experienced counsellor. We have evaluated the counselling service, looking for benefits for the participants.We undertook a retrospective analysis of data obtained for people referred to the service between June 2007 and June 2010, pre‐ and post‐attendance at the course of counselling. Outcomes were HbA1c as a measure of glycaemic control, and scores from the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation (CORE) questionnaire (a measure of feelings of anxiety and risk) to assess the effectiveness of the counselling.Of 79 people referred, 62 completed the course. There was no difference between those who did or did not complete in terms of demographic data, pre‐counselling HbA1c or pre‐counselling CORE score. Of those who completed the course, there were reductions in HbA1c (pre‐counselling [median (range)] 9.5% [6.2, 17.8], post‐counselling 9.3% [5.9, 11.4]; p=0.007) and CORE score (pre‐counselling [mean ± SD] 1.60±0.71, post‐counselling 0.89±0.57; p<0.001).Completion of a course of counselling sessions was associated with improvements in glycaemic control and reduction in anxiety and risk about T1DM. This may be an effective intervention in helping patients with T1DM to self‐manage their condition. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons.
Type II polyglandular autoimmune syndrome: an unusual presentation
Authors: Phillips SM , Butt MI , Robinson AM 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA previously fit and well 35‐year‐old man presented to the acute medical take with a three‐week history of general malaise; he complained of polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, abdominal pain and vomiting. He was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (capillary blood glucose 20.7mmol/L) but was not ketoacidotic (pH 7.43) and was commenced on intravenous fluids and an intravenous insulin infusion. After four hours of appropriate fluid resuscitation and normalisation of blood glucose, the patient had deteriorated becoming tachycardic and hypotensive. At this time the patient was reassessed and a short synacthen test with a baseline ACTH was carried out. Hydrocortisone was administered to the patient immediately after the short synacthen test. Addison's disease was confirmed (cortisol 0 minutes: 315nmol/L, 30 minutes: 337nmol/L, ACTH 627ng/L).Further investigations during that admission also identified primary hypothyroidism (TSH 48.5mU/L, free T4 19.2pmol/L) but no other endocrinopathies. For the first time in the literature this is a case report of a young man presenting with type 1 diabetes, Addison's disease and primary hypothyroidism simultaneously. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons.
Information giving and receiving in hematological malignancy consultations
Authors: Alexander Stewart C. , Sullivan Amy M. , Back Anthony L. , Tulsky James A. , Goldman Roberta E. , Block Susan D. , Stewart Susan K. , Wilson‐Genderson Maureen , Lee Stephanie J. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPurpose: Little is known about communication with patients suffering from hematologic malignancies, many of whom are seen by subspecialists in consultation at tertiary‐care centers. These subspecialized consultations might provide the best examples of optimal physician–patient communication behaviors, given that these consultations tend to be lengthy, to occur between individuals who have not met before and may have no intention of an ongoing relationship, and which have a goal of providing treatment recommendations. The aim of this paper is to describe and quantify the content of the subspecialty consultation in regards to exchanging information and identify patient and provider characteristics associated with discussion elements.Methods: Audio‐recorded consultations between 236 patients and 40 hematologists were coded for recommended communication practices. Multilevel models for dichotomous outcomes were created to test associations between patient, physician and consultation characteristics and key discussion elements.Results: Discussions about the purpose of the visit and patient's knowledge about their disease were common. Other elements such as patient's preference for his/her role in decision‐making, preferences for information, or understanding of presented information were less common. Treatment recommendations were provided in 97% of the consultations and unambiguous presentations of prognosis occurred in 81% of the consultations. Unambiguous presentations of prognosis were associated with non‐White patient race, lower educational status, greater number of questions asked, and specific physician provider.Conclusion: Although some communication behaviors occur in most consultations, others are much less common and could help tailor the amount and type of information discussed. Approximately half of the patients are told unambiguous prognostic estimates for mortality or cure. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Desirability function combining metabolic stability and functionality of peptides
Authors: Van Dorpe Sylvia , Adriaens Antita , Vermeire Simon , Polis Ingeborgh , Peremans Kathelijne , Spiegeleer Bart De 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe evaluation of peptides as potential therapeutic or diagnostic agents requires the consideration of several criteria that are targeted around two axes: functionality and metabolic stability. Most often, a compromise has to be made between these mutually opposing characteristics.In this study, Derringer's desirability function, a multi‐criteria decision‐making method, was applied to determine the best peptide for opioid studies in a single figure‐of‐merit.The penetration of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) determines the biological functionality of neuropeptides in the brain target tissue, and consists of an influx and an efflux component. The metabolic stability in the two concerned tissues, i.e. plasma and brain, are taken into consideration as well. The overall selection of the peptide drug candidate having the highest BBB‐drugability is difficult due to these conflicting responses as well as the different scalings of the four biological parameters under consideration.The highest desirability, representing the best BBB‐drugability, was observed for dermorphin. This peptide is thus the most promising drug candidate from the set of eight opioid peptides that were investigated. The least desirable candidate, with the worst BBB influx and/or metabolic stability, was found to be CTAP. Validation of the desirability function by in vivo medical imaging showed that dermorphin and DAMGO penetrate the BBB, whereas EM‐1 and TAPP did not. These results are thus consistent with those obtained with the desirability evaluation.To conclude, the multi‐criteria decision method was proven to be useful in biomedical research, where a selection of the best candidate based on opposing characteristics is often required. Copyright © 2011 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Light emission and floating gate memory characteristics of germanium nanocrystals
Authors: Das Samaresh , Manna Santanu , Singha Rajkumar , Anopchenko Aleksei , Daldosso Nicola , Pavesi Lorenzo , Dhar Achintya , Ray Samit Kumar 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe report Ge nanocrystals (NCs) based dual functional light emitting and metal insulator semiconductor (MIS) flash memory devices, fabricated by rf sputtering. Transmission electron micrographs revealed the formation of spherically shaped Ge NCs. We have observed broad electroluminescence (EL) around 760 nm, which is attributed to electron–hole recombination in quantum confined Ge NCs. The dependence of integrated EL intensity on drive currents has also been studied. An anti‐clockwise hysteresis behaviour is observed in capacitance–voltage measurements of MIS devices for different sweep voltages, indicating net electron trapping in NC based floating gates.
Radar climatology of the COPS region
Authors: Weckwerth Tammy M. , Wilson James W. , Hagen Martin , Emerson Tracy J. , Pinto James O. , Rife Daran L. , Grebe Leslie 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA climatology of convection initiation (CI) and convective enhancements (CE) has been developed using radar reflectivity data in southwestern Germany and eastern France over the period of May–August of 2000–2006 and 2008. The study region included the Vosges Mountains of France, the Rhine Valley which straddles France and Germany, the Black Forest Mountains and the Swabian Mountains of Germany. Convection occurred frequently during the summer months throughout the study region. The CI density (number of initiations per square km) illustrates preferential formation in the mountain regions while the CE events spanned both mountains and valleys nearly equally. There is a strong mid‐day peak of the CI events suggesting that diurnal heating is critical for CI in the region. The very strong thunderstorms (>46 dBZ) first occurred in the mountains and ∼2 h later in the Rhine Valley.During the summer of 2007, the Convective and Orographically‐induced Precipitation Study (COPS) field campaign was conducted with the objective of obtaining improved understanding of convective processes and short‐term quantitative precipitation forecasting in low‐mountain regions. Comparisons were made between the radar climatology results and the COPS summer. The COPS summer exhibited preferential CI density in the mountainous regions but not as pronounced as the climatology. The COPS summer had a similar diurnal peak of CI events as climatology but the ratio of daytime to nighttime CI (1.7), or amplitude of the diurnal cycle, was less than that of climatology (3.0). While both the 8‐year climatology and COPS summer were dominated by daytime, locally‐forced CI occurrences, the broad distribution of daytime CI events and increase in nighttime events observed during COPS indicate a more active synoptic pattern in 2007. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society