bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Critical patch size generated by Allee effect in gypsy moth,Lymantria dispar(L.)
Authors: Vercken E. , Kramer A. M. , Tobin P. C. , Drake J. M. 
Published: December 2010

Ecology Letters(2011) 14: 179–186AbstractAllee effects are important dynamical mechanisms in small‐density populations in which per capita population growth rate increases with density. When positive density dependence is sufficiently severe (a ‘strong’ Allee effect), a critical density arises below which populations do not persist. For spatially distributed populations subject to dispersal, theory predicts that the occupied area also exhibits a critical threshold for population persistence, but this result has not been confirmed in nature. We tested this prediction in patterns of population persistence across the invasion front of the European gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) in the United States in data collected between 1996 and 2008. Our analysis consistently provided evidence for effects of both population area and density on persistence, as predicted by the general theory, and confirmed here using a mechanistic model developed for the gypsy moth system. We believe this study to be the first empirical documentation of critical patch size induced by an Allee effect.
Seasonal differences in bacterial community composition following nutrient additions in a eutrophic lake
Authors: Newton Ryan J. , McMahon Katherine D. 
Published: December 2010

SummaryWe examined the effects of nutrient amendments on epilimnetic freshwater bacteria during three distinct periods in the eutrophic Lake Mendota's seasonal cycle (spring overturn, summer stratification and autumn overturn). Microcosm treatments enriched solely with phosphorus containing compounds did not result in a large bacterial community composition (BCC) change or community activity response (assessed via alkaline phosphatase activity, APA) relative to the controls during any season. Treatments enriched with carbon‐ and nitrogen‐containing compounds resulted in a dramatic BCC change and a large APA increase in the autumn and spring seasons, but only treatments receiving carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus (CNP) exhibited similar responses in the summer season. Despite the fact that the amendments created similar CNP concentration conditions across seasons, the BCC following amendment greatly varied among seasons. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that many common freshwater bacterial lineages from the Alpha‐ and Betaproteobacteria class and Bacteroidetes phylum were favoured following nutrient (CNP) addition, but individual taxa were generally not favoured across all seasons. Targeted quantitative PCR analysis revealed that the abundance of the Actinobacteria acIB1 cluster decreased in all microcosms during all three seasons, while the Flavobacterium aquatile (spring) and ME‐B0 (summer) clusters of Bacteroidetes increased following CNP addition. These results suggest a particular bacterial group is not universally favoured by increased nutrient loads to a lake; therefore, efforts to predict which bacteria are involved in nutrient cycling during these periods must take into account the seasonality of freshwater bacterial communities.
Entrepreneurial Initiative Selling within Organizations: Towards a More Comprehensive Motivational Framework
Authors: De Clercq Dirk , Castañer Xavier , Belausteguigoitia Imanol 
Published: December 2010

abstractWe develop and test a motivational framework to explain the intensity with which individuals sell entrepreneurial initiatives within their organizations. Initiative selling efforts may be driven by several factors that hitherto have not been given full consideration: initiative characteristics, individuals' anticipation of rewards, and their level of dissatisfaction. On the basis of a survey in a mail service firm of 192 managers who proposed an entrepreneurial initiative, we find that individuals' reported intensity of their selling efforts with respect to that initiative is greater when they (1) believe that the organizational benefits of the initiative are high, (2) perceive that the initiative is consistent with current organizational practices (although this effect is weak), (3) believe that their immediate organizational environment provides extrinsic rewards for initiatives, and (4) are satisfied with the current organizational situation. These findings extend previous expectancy theory‐based explanations of initiative selling (by considering the roles of initiative characteristics and that of initiative valence for the proponent) and show the role of satisfaction as an important motivational driver for initiative selling.
FORECASTING THE UK/US EXCHANGE RATE WITH DIVISIA MONETARY MODELS AND NEURAL NETWORKS
Authors: Bissoondeeal Rakesh K. , Karoglou Michail , Gazely Alicia M. 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTThis paper compares the UK/US exchange rate forecasting performance of linear and nonlinear models based on monetary fundamentals, to a random walk (RW) model. Structural breaks are identified and taken into account. The exchange rate forecasting framework is also used for assessing the relative merits of the official Simple Sum and the weighted Divisia measures of money. Overall, there are four main findings. First, the majority of the models with fundamentals are able to beat the RW model in forecasting the UK/US exchange rate. Second, the most accurate forecasts of the UK/US exchange rate are obtained with a nonlinear model. Third, taking into account structural breaks reveals that the Divisia aggregate performs better than its Simple Sum counterpart. Finally, Divisia‐based models provide more accurate forecasts than Simple Sum‐based models provided they are constructed within a nonlinear framework.
BUBBLES IN EXCHANGE RATES AND MONETARY POLICY
Authors: Alexandre Fernando , Bação Pedro , Driffill John 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTWe evaluate the macroeconomic performance of different monetary policy rules when there are bubbles in the exchange rate. We do this in the context of a non‐linear rational expectations model. The exchange rate is allowed to deviate from its fundamental value and the persistence of the deviation is modeled as a Markov switching process. Our results suggest that reacting to exchange rate movements does not significantly improve welfare. However, taking into account the switching nature of the economy may be more beneficial.
THE RETURN OF UNIVERSAL HISTORY
Authors: CHRISTIAN DAVID 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTThe prediction defended in this paper is that over the next fifty years we will see a return of the ancient tradition of “universal history”; but this will be a new form of universal history that is global in its practice and scientific in its spirit and methods. Until the end of the nineteenth century, universal history of some kind seems to have been present in most historiographical traditions. Then it vanished as historians became disillusioned with the search for grand historical narratives and began to focus instead on getting the details right through document‐based research. Today, however, there are many signs of a return to universal history. This has been made possible, at least in part, by the detailed empirical research undertaken in the last century in many different fields, and also by the creation of new methods of absolute dating that do not rely on the presence of written documents. The last part of the paper explores some of the possible consequences for historical scholarship of a return to a new, scientific form of universal history. These may include a closer integration of historical scholarship with the more historically oriented of the sciences, including cosmology, geology, and biology. Finally, the paper raises the possibility that universal history may eventually be taught in high schools, where it will provide a powerful new way of integrating knowledge from the humanities and the sciences.
The Livingness of God; or, the Place of Substance and Dynamism in a Theology of the Divine Perfections
Authors: WYNNE JEREMY 
Published: December 2010

AbstractTheological reflection on the divine character is serviceable to the extent that it prevents the livingness of the triune God – and so the subject matter of theology – from disappearing behind rigorous consideration of the perfections themselves. The topic of God's livingness, in other words, informs the locus de Deo as a whole. The present article begins with a biblical‐dogmatic proposal for the form and content of this livingness: God's life in and for the world, it is proposed, is at every point rooted in the life which God has from himself as Father, Son and Spirit. Two clarifications are subsequently offered. An appeal to the livingness of God should be distinguished both from an abstract rejection of ‘substance’ language and from a conceptualization of reality under a general theory of the forward advancement of the world process.
Sociology's misfortune: disciplines, interdisciplinarity and the impact of audit culture
Authors: Holmwood John 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis paper is about tendencies to the subversion of sociology as a discipline. It connects external factors of the wider socio‐political environment of higher education in the UK, especially those associated with the audit culture and new systems of governance, with the internal organization of the discipline. While the environment is similar for all social science subjects, the paper argues that there are specific consequences for sociology because of characteristics peculiar to the discipline. The paper discusses these consequences in terms of the changing relationship between sociology and the growing interdisciplinary area of applied social studies as a form of ‘mode 2 knowledge’. It argues that while sociology ‘exports’ concepts, methodologies and personnel it lacks the internal disciplinary integrity of other ‘exporter’ disciplines, such as economics, political science and anthropology. The consequence is an increasingly blurred distinction between sociology as a discipline and the interdisciplinary area of applied social studies with a potential loss of disciplinary identity. The paper concludes with a discussion of how this loss of identity is associated with a reduced ability to reproduce a critical sensibility within sociology and absorption to the constraints of audit culture with its preferred form of mode 2 knowledge.
But the kids are okay: motherhood, consumption and sex work in neo‐liberal Latin America
Authors: Rivers‐Moore Megan 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAlthough sex work remains highly stigmatized around the world, its relatively high value (when compared to other kinds of work available for low‐income women) allows sex workers to attain some level of economic, if not social, mobility. This article challenges the idea that sex work in ‘third world’ settings is always about mere subsistence. Instead, it suggests that sex workers in Costa Rica's tourism sector work to survive, but they also demonstrate significant personal ambition and aim not only to increase their own consumption levels, but crucially to get ahead. Women are clear about what sex work enables for their families and themselves: not the maintenance of the status quo, but rather a level of consumption otherwise unavailable to them as low‐income and poor women. Sex work offers an opportunity to consume and to get ahead that these women have been unable to attain in other kinds of employment, primarily domestic and factory work. Furthermore, sex work allows women to think of themselves as particularly good mothers, able to provide for and spend important quality time with their kids. The article argues that survival, consumption, and motherhood are discursively deployed, in often contradictory and conflicting ways, in order to counteract the effects that stigma has on sex workers. It also suggests that sex workers may very well be the quintessential subjects of neo‐liberalism in Latin America, in their embrace of entrepreneurial work and consumption.
Resonances in the cardiovascular system caused by rhythmical muscle tension
Authors: Vaschillo Evgeny G. , Vaschillo Bronya , Pandina Robert J. , Bates Marsha E. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractPaced 0.1 Hz breathing causes high‐amplitude HR oscillation, triggering resonance in the cardiovascular system (CVS). This oscillation is considered to be a primary therapeutic factor in HRV biofeedback treatments. This study examined whether rhythmical skeletal muscle tension (RSMT) can also cause 0.1 Hz resonance in the CVS, and compared oscillatory reactivity in CVS functions caused by RSMT and paced breathing (PB). Sixteen young healthy participants completed five tasks: baseline, three RSMT tasks at frequencies of 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 Hz, and a 0.1 Hz PB task. ECG, respiration, finger pulse, and skin conductance data were collected. Results showed that 0.1 Hz RSMT as well as 0.1 Hz PB triggered resonance in the CVS and caused equivalent oscillations in all measured CVS functions, although in women, RSMT compared to PB caused lower HR oscillation. Clinical application of 0.1 Hz RSMT is discussed.
The meanings of migration, remittances and gifts: views of Honduran women who stay
Authors: MCKENZIE SEAN , MENJÍVAR CECILIA 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn this article we examine the non‐economic, emotional meanings that men's economic migration has for the wives and mothers who stay in two rural communities in Honduras. Combining the literature on economic sociology and on the social meanings of relations within transnational families, we identify three areas that allow us to capture what the men's migration means for the women who stay – communication between the non‐migrant women and migrant men, stress and anxiety in women's personal lives, and added household responsibilities. Through interviews with 18 non‐migrant mothers and wives and qualitative fieldwork in Honduras, we find that women's interpretations of men's migration are not simple, black‐and‐white assessments. Instead, these are multifaceted and shaped by the social milieu in which the women live. Whereas the remittances and gifts that the men send improve the lives of the women and their families, these transfers also convey assurances that the men have not forgotten them and they become expressions of love.
Organizational structure and strength and transnational campaign outcomes: a comparison of two transnational advocacy networks
Authors: SHAWKI NOHA 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn this article I address the question of why some transnational advocacy networks (TANs) are better able to influence policy outcomes than others. How do we explain the variation in the political impact of TAN campaigns? Drawing on some of the theoretical formulations developed by social movement and international relations scholars, I argue that organizational structure and organizational strength can help us understand this variation. A comparison of a highly influential and successful TAN, the International Campaign to Ban Landmines, with a less successful TAN, the International Action Network on Small Arms, demonstrates that such networks can mobilize a large number of diverse civil society groups. However, a coherent and well‐coordinated campaign with a clear political message provides the major explanation as to why some TANs are more likely to shape the global policy process than others.
Role of β‐adrenoceptors in glucose uptake in astrocytes using β‐adrenoceptor knockout mice
Authors: Catus Stephanie L , Gibbs Marie E , Sato Masaaki , Summers Roger J , Hutchinson Dana S 
Published: December 2010

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSEβ1‐, β2‐ and β3‐adrenoceptors determined by functional, binding and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) studies are present in chick astrocytes and activation of β2‐ or β3‐adrenoceptors increase glucose uptake. The aims of the present study are to identify which β‐adrenoceptor subtypes are present in mouse astrocytes, the signal transduction mechanisms involved and whether β‐adrenoceptor stimulation regulates glucose uptake.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHAstrocytes were prepared from four mouse strains: FVB/N, DBA/1 crossed with C57BL/6J, β3‐adrenoceptor knockout and β1β2‐adrenoceptor knockout mice. RT‐PCR and radioligand binding studies were used to determine β‐adrenoceptor expression. Glucose uptake and cAMP were assayed to elucidate the signalling pathways involved.KEY RESULTSmRNAs for all three β‐adrenoceptors were identified in astrocytes from wild‐type mice. Radioligand binding studies identified that β1‐ and β3‐adrenoceptors were predominant. cAMP studies showed that β1‐ and β2‐adrenoceptors coupled to Gswhereas β3‐adrenoceptors coupled to both Gsand Gi. However, activation of any of the three β‐adrenoceptors increased glucose uptake in mouse astrocytes. Interestingly, there was no functional compensation for receptor subtype loss in knockout animals.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONSThis study demonstrates that although β1‐adrenoceptors are the predominant β‐adrenoceptor in mouse astrocytes and are primarily responsible for cAMP production in response to β‐adrenoceptor stimulation, β3‐adrenoceptors are also present in mouse astrocytes and activation of β2‐ and β3‐adrenoceptors increases glucose uptake in mouse astrocytes.
Phosphate‐binding efficacy of crushed vs. chewed lanthanum carbonate in hemodialysis patients
Authors: HOW Priscilla P. , ANATTIWONG Prathana , MASON Darius L. , ARRUDA Jose A. , LAU Alan H. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractLanthanum carbonate, a chewable noncalcium‐containing phosphorus (P) binder, is useful for treating secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients who have hypercalcemia and cannot swallow whole tablets. However, some patients cannot chew tablets or prefer to crush and mix them with food. This study was conducted to determine the P‐binding efficacy of crushed lanthanum and compare it with chewed lanthanum in hemodialysis (HD) patients. After a 1‐week washout period, 11 hemodialysis patients (7 men, 4 women) were randomized to receive, in a crossover fashion, lanthanum 1000 mg 3 times daily chewed with meals and lanthanum 1000 mg 3 times daily crushed into a fine powder, mixed with applesauce and taken with meals, for 4 weeks each. Serum P was measured at the end of each washout (baseline) and weekly during treatment. Changes in serum P from baseline for crushed lanthanum were compared with chewed lanthanum using paired sample t test. Administration of crushed lanthanum resulted in a significant reduction in serum P from baseline (P reduction [mg/dL] for crushed lanthanum in week 1: 2.1 ± 0.4, week 2: 1.7 ± 0.5, week 3: 1.7 ± 0.5, week 4: 1.7 ± 0.4, P<0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed in serum P reduction from baseline and serum P attained during treatment with crushed when compared with chewed lanthanum. Crushed lanthanum is effective in reducing serum P and have similar P‐binding efficacy to chewed lanthanum. Crushing lanthanum and mixing it with food can thus be an option for patients who are unable to chew or swallow whole tablets.
Age of Onset and Sexual Orientation in Transsexual Males and Females
Authors: Nieder Timo O. , Herff Melanie , Cerwenka Susanne , Preuss Wilhelm F. , Cohen-Kettenis Peggy T. , De Cuypere Griet , Hebold Haraldsen Ira R. , Richter-Appelt Hertha 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
With regard to transsexual developments, onset age (OA) appears to be the starting point of different psychosexual pathways.

Aim
To explore differences between transsexual adults with an early vs. late OA.

Methods
Data were collected within the European Network for the Investigation of Gender Incongruence using the Dutch Biographic Questionnaire on Transsexualism (Biografische Vragenlijst voor Transseksuelen) and a self-constructed score sheet according to the DSM-IV-TR (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fourth Edition, Text Revision) criteria of Gender Identity Disorder (GID) and Gender Identity Disorder in Childhood (GIDC). One hundred seventy participants were included in the analyses.

Main Outcome Measures
Transsexual adults who, in addition to their GID diagnosis, also fulfilled criteria A and B of GIDC (“a strong cross-gender identification,”“persistent discomfort about her or his assigned sex”) retrospectively were considered as having an early onset (EO). Those who fulfilled neither criteria A nor B of GIDC were considered as having a late onset (LO). Participants who only fulfilled criterion A or B of GIDC were considered a residual (RES) group.

Results
The majority of female to males (FtMs) appeared to have an early OA (EO = 60 [77.9%] compared to LO = 10 [13%] and to RES = 7 [9.1%]). Within male to females (MtFs), percentages of EO and LO developments were more similar (EO = 36 [38.7%], LO = 45 [48.4%], RES = 12 [12.9%]). FtMs presented to gender clinics at an earlier age than MtFs (28.04 to 36.75). The number of EO vs. LO transsexual adults differed from country to country (Belgium, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway).

Conclusion
OA has a discriminative value for transsexual developments and it would appear that retrospective diagnosis of GIDC criteria is a valid method of assessment. Differences in OA and sex ratio exist between European countries.
Predictors of Sexual Desire Disorders in Women
Authors: Brotto Lori A. , Petkau A. John , Labrie Fernand , Basson Rosemary 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
A historic belief was that testosterone was the “hormone of desire.” However, recent data, which show either minimal or no significant correlation between testosterone levels and women’s sexual desire, suggest that nonhormonal variables may play a key role.

Aim
To compare women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) and those with the recently proposed more symptomatic desire disorder, Sexual Desire/Interest Disorder (SDID), on the relative contribution of hormonal vs. nonhormonal variables.

Methods
Women with HSDD (N = 58, mean age 52.5) or SDID (N = 52, mean age 50.9) participated in a biopsychosocial assessment in which six nonhormonal domains were evaluated for the degree of involvement in the current low desire complaints. Participants provided a serum sample of hormones analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry or liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry.

Main Outcome Measures
Logistic regression was used to assess the ability of variables (nonhormonal: history of sexual abuse, developmental history, psychosexual history, psychiatric status, medical history, and sexual/relationship-related factors; hormonal: dehydroepiandrosterone [DHEA], 5-diol, 4-dione, testosterone, 5-α-dihydrotestosterone, androsterone glucuronide, 3α-diol-3G, 3α-diol-17G, and DHEA-S; and demographic: age, relationship length) to predict group membership.

Results
Women with SDID had significantly lower sexual desire and arousal scores, but the groups did not differ on relationship satisfaction or mood. Addition of the hormonal variables to the two demographic variables (age, relationship length) did not significantly increase predictive capability. However, the addition of the six nonhormonal variables to these two sets of predictors significantly increased ability to predict group status. Developmental history, psychiatric history, and psychosexual history added significantly to the predictive capability provided by the basic model when examined individually.

Conclusions
Nonhormonal variables added significant predictive capability to the basic model, highlighting the importance of their assessment clinically where women commonly have SDID in addition to HSDD, and emphasizing the importance of addressing psychological factors in treatment.