bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel insights into the relationship between diabetes and osteoporosis
Authors: de Paula Francisco J. A. , Horowitz Mark C. , Rosen Clifford J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractOnly three decades ago adipose tissue was considered inert, with little relationship to insulin resistance. Similarly, bone has long been thought of purely in its structural context. In the last decade, emerging evidence has revealed important endocrine roles for both bone and adipose tissue. The interaction between these two tissues is remarkable. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells give rise to both osteoblasts and adipocytes. Leptin and adiponectin, two adipokines secreted by fat tissue, control energy homeostasis, but also have complex actions on the skeleton. In turn, the activities of bone cells are not limited to their bone remodelling activities but also to modulation of adipose cell sensitivity and insulin secretion. This review will discuss these new insights linking bone remodelling to the control of fat metabolism and the association between diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diabetes and fasting during Ramadan
Authors: Hui Elaine , Devendra Devasenan 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAbstinence from food and liquid during daylight hours is observed by Muslim individuals during the month of Ramadan. Even though the Koran exempts the sick from fasting, many people with diabetes still fast during this religious period. It is essential for patients, family and healthcare professionals to be aware of the religious attitude to and health implications of fasting. Major changes in dietary habits, daily physical activities and sleeping patterns during Ramadan have significant impact on the glycaemic control, lipid profile, weight and dietary intake. Hence, the patient is encouraged to have appropriate pre‐Ramadan assessment and education in order to stratify and modify his or her risk with fasting. Dose and timing adjustments to insulin and to some oral hypoglycaemic agents, especially sulphonylureas, may well be necessary during Ramadan. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of NMDA NR2 subunits and their roles in critical period maturation of neocortical GABAergic interneurons
Authors: Zhang Zhi , Sun Qian‐Quan 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe goals of this research are to (1) determine the changes in the composition of NMDA receptor (NMDAR) subunits in GABAergic interneurons during critical period (CP); and (2) test the effect of chronic blockage of specific NR2 subunits on the maturation of specific GABAergic interneurons. Our data demonstrate that: (1) The amplitude of NMDAR mediated EPSCs (EPSCsNMDAR) was significantly larger in the postCP group. (2) The coefficient of variation (CV), τdecayand half‐width of EPSCsNMDARwere significantly larger in the preCP group. (3) A leftward shift in the half‐activation voltages in the postCP vs. preCP group. (4) Using subunit‐specific antagonists, we found a postnatal shift in NR2 composition towards more NR2A mediated EPSCsNMDAR. These changes occurred within a two‐day narrow window of CP and were similar between fast‐spiking (FS) and regular spiking (RSNP) interneurons. (5) Chronic blockage of NR2A, but not NR2B, decreased the expression of parvalbumin (PV), but not other calcium binding proteins in layer 2/3 and 4 of barrel cortex. (6) Chronic blockage of NR2A selectively affected the maturation of IPSCs mediated by FS cells. In summary, we have reported, for the first time, developmental changes in the molecular composition of NMDA NR2 subunits in interneurons during CP, and the effects of chronic blockage of NR2A but not NR2B on PV expression and inhibitory synaptic transmission from FS cells. These results support an important role of NR2A subunits in developmental plasticity of fast‐spiking GABAergic circuits during CP. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 71: 221–245, 2011.
New Oxyfluoride Pyrochlores Li2–xLa(1+x)/3□(2x–1)/3B2O6F (B = Nb, Ta): Average and Local Structure Characterization by XRD, TEM and 19F Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Galven Cyrille , Legein Christophe , Body Monique , Fourquet Jean‐Louis , Buzaré Jean‐Yves , Le Berre Françoise , Crosnier‐Lopez Marie‐Pierre 
Published: October 2010

AbstractTwo new solid solutions Li2–xLa(1+x)/3□(2x–1)/3B2O6F (B = Ta, Nb) have been synthesized in powder form by solid‐state synthesis. Their composition domain corresponds to 0.6 ≤ x ≤ 1.1 for the Ta compounds and to 0.7 ≤ x ≤ 1.0 for the Nb compounds. The structural study has been performed by XRD on two single crystals with the compositions Li1.00La0.67□0.33Ta2O6F and Li1.25La0.58□0.17Nb2O6F. It shows that both structures adopt the pyrochlore type A2B2X6X′ structure [SG: Fd$\bar {3}$m, Z = 8, a = 10.448(1) Å for the Ta compound and a = 10.448(7) Å for the Nb compound]. The BO6 octahedra built the classical pyrochlore [B2X6]2– array, while the F– ions are strictly ordered on the 8b positions, which correspond to the centre of the pyrochlore cages. The Li+, La3+ ions and vacancies located in the hexagonal tunnels are assumed to occupy statistically the A sites in the 16d position. The local structure has been more precisely studied by HREM and 19F solid‐state NMR techniques. The HREM study reveals significant population fluctuations in the 16d site. 19F MAS NMR spectroscopy evidences six different environments for the fluoride ion, [FLi3□] (or [FLi4]), [FLi3La], [FLi2La□], [FLi2La2], [FLiLa2□] and [FLa2□2], whereas fifteen different types of environment are expected if a random distribution of Li+, La3+ and vacancies in the 16d site is assumed. The solid solution composition domains are limited for the highest Li+ ions content (low x value) and for the highest La3+ ions and vacancies content (high x value) because of the low stability of environments rich in Li+ or La3+ ions. It has been shown that La(Li)–F distances decrease with the CN of F– ions, from [FLi3La] to [FLi2La□] and from [FLi2La2] to [FLa2□2] environments. Fluoride ions occupying tetrahedra involving vacancies are brought closer to the corners occupied by Li+ and/or La3+. Finally, the stability of the oxyfluoride pyrochlore phases is discussed.
Spectroscopic and Electrochemical Investigations into the Interactions of Metal Ions with a Ferrocenoyl–Histidine Peptide Conjugate
Authors: Cheng Lan‐Ya , Long Yi‐Tao , Tian He , Kraatz Heinz‐Bernhard 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA new ferrocene–peptide conjugate Fc‐[His(DNP)‐Gly‐OMe]2 (2) was synthesized and characterized spectroscopically. The conjugate displays the familiar 1,2′‐P helical Herrick conformation in solution and exhibits a reversible one‐electron oxidation at 380 mV versus Fc/Fc+. The interactions of the metal ions Na+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+ with conjugate 2 were probed by using a range of techniques, including cyclic voltammetry, and NMR and CD spectroscopies. Electrochemical studies showed that the system exhibits a rare cathodic potential shift upon the addition of metal ions, which followed the order Cu2+ (–436 mV) > Fe2+ (–284 mV) > Zn2+ (–270 mV) > Cd2+ (–238 mV) > Mg2+ (–180 mV) > Na+ (–75 mV). The formation of a 1:1 metal complex was postulated on the basis of CV and NMR spectroscopic titration experiments. The complexes themselves were characterized by electrospray mass spectrometry. NMR spectroscopic studies show that the His imidazole is the site of metal coordination. As is confirmed by CD spectroscopy, metal coordination itself results in conformational changes of the ferrocene core that are dependent on the particular metal ion and its coordination preferences. Whereas P‐helicity of the conjugate is maintained during the interactions with Mg2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+, M‐helicity is adopted for Fe2+ and Cu2+.
Fluorescent Polylactides with Rhenium(bisimine) Cores for Tumour Diagnostics
Authors: Brückmann Nadine E. , Kögel Susanne , Hamacher Alexandra , Kassack Matthias U. , Kunz Peter C. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractEarly tumour detection, for example, by passive delivery of a polymer‐based diagnostic agent, can greatly improve the life expectancy of cancer patients. Here, we present the synthesis of biodegradable 3‐hydroxymethylpyridine‐functionalised polylactides coordinated to Re(CO)3(bisimine) cores [bisimine = bipy (2) phen (3), dppz (4)]. The Re(CO)3(bisimine) polymers 2 and 3 show fluorescence at 560 nm and 572 nm, respectively, with large Stokes shifts, which makes them distinguishable from tissue autofluorescence and therefore suitable diagnostic probes for fluorescence imaging.
Tricarbonyl ReI Complexes from Functionalised Pyridine–Triazole Derivatives: From Mononuclear to Unexpected Dimeric Complexes
Authors: Boulay Alexandre , Seridi Achour , Zedde Chantal , Ladeira Sonia , Picard Claude , Maron Laurent , Benoist Eric 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAs a variation of the commonly used bipy ligand in Re(CO)3 chemistry, a series of structurally related complexes in which bipy is replaced by pyridine–triazole ligands (or pyta) bearing a pendant acetyl group on the triazole ring were prepared efficiently by the click chemistry approach. Depending on the nature of the pendant arm, different ReI complexes were obtained. Surprisingly, starting from the ligand with unprotected acetyl group yielded two structural isomers of Re(CO)3 dimeric species. One isomer (compound 5a) was isolated and characterised by X‐ray crystallography. The rhenium atoms are octahedrally coordinated to three carbonyl groups in fac arrangement and to two nitrogen atoms of one pyta and an oxygen atom of the other. DFT calculations confirmed that the isolated isomer represents the thermodynamically favoured form. As expected, these complexes exhibited luminescence. To conclude, the unexpected formation of 5 represents an original strategy toward the synthesis of new luminescent rhenium(I) dimeric (multimeric) species.
Topology Control of Porous Coordination Polymers by Building Block Symmetry
Authors: Polunin Ruslan A. , Kolotilov Sergey V. , Kiskin Mikhail A. , Cador Olivier , Mikhalyova Elena A. , Lytvynenko Anton S. , Golhen Stéphane , Ouahab Lahcène , Ovcharenko Victor I. , Eremenko Igor L. , Novotortsev Vladimir M. , Pavlishchuk Vitaly V. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe coordination polymers [Fe2MO(piv)6(bipy)1.5]n [M = NiII, compound 1, and M = CoII, compound 2; piv = (CH3)3CCO2– and bipy = 4,4′‐bipyridine] were prepared by linking trinuclear heterometallic pivalates, possessing D3h symmetry, by linear molecules of bipy. The complexes are isostructural and are built from 2D doubly interpenetrated “honeycomb” layers. The structure of the starting polynuclear building blocks is retained, which opens the way for the creation of materials with predetermined properties. Zigzag channels in the crystal structures of the compounds can adsorb N2 and H2. Unusual N2 adsorption/desorption hysteresis was observed. Magnetic properties of the polymers are governed by exchange interactions in trinuclear blocks. The χMT vs. T curve for 2 was fitted by taking into account the zero‐field splitting of the CoII ion by using software specially developed for this purpose.
Exceptional Superbasicity of Bis(guanidine) Proton Sponges Imposed by the Bis(secododecahedrane) Molecular Scaffold: A Computational Study
Authors: Margetić Davor , Ishikawa Tsutomu , Kumamoto Takuya 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe exceptional superbasicity of a series of bis(guanidines) with a bis(secododecahedrane) molecular scaffold was found in the course of a computational study. The 3‐syn,13‐syn‐disubstituted bis(secododecahedrane) skeleton ensures that nitrogen lone pairs of electrons are in close proximity, and the rigid framework of the polycyclic cage guarantees acid/base properties similar to those of proton sponges. Amine functionalization with alkyl substituents, imines, and guanidines leads to high basicity. Based on DFT computations, bis(guanidine)–bis(secododecahedrane) proton sponges with a (1,3‐dimethylimidazolidin‐2‐ylidene)amino moiety are predicted to have very high basicities, both in the gas phase and acetonitrile. This skeleton provides the highest proton affinity(PA) value among all the aliphatic proton sponges reported (288.7 kcal mol–1, whereas the gas‐phase basicity is 284.3 kcal mol–1, at the B3LYP/6‐311+G**//B3LYP/6‐31G* level). In acetonitrile the calculated PA is 319.4 kcal mol–1 and the estimated pKa is 38.5. Substitution of bis(secododecahedrane) with the intrinsically more basic nitrogen functionalities increases the PA to 316.3 kcal mol–1 and the pKa to 46.
Marine Toxins with Spiroimine Rings: Total Synthesis of Pinnatoxin A (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 30/2010)
Authors: Beaumont Stéphane , Ilardi Elizabeth A. , Tappin Nicholas D. C. , Zakarian Armen 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe cover picture shows the building blocks for the total synthesis of pinnatoxin A as the focal point, culminating with the marine natural product at the top of the stairs. The background reflects a highlight of the Santa Barbara Mission, located in Santa Barbara, California. Founded by Franciscan Friar Fermin de Lasuen on the Feast of St. Barbara in 1786, the mission is the principal cultural and historic landmark of the city. The spiral symbolizes the universal pattern of growth and evolution, as well as the ongoing process of discovery. Details of the total synthesis of pinnatoxin A are presented in the Microreview by A. Zakarian et al. on p. 3743 ff.
Boron adsorption by clinoptilolite using factorial design
Authors: Kavak Duygu 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn this article, boron removal from aqueous solutions by batch adsorption was investigated and 23 full factorial design was applied. Three parameters affected the performance and two levels of these parameters were investigated. The chosen parameters were temperature (25°C and 45°C), pH (3 and 7), and mass of adsorbent (0.1 g and 1 g). The significance of the effects was checked by analysis of variance (MINITAB‐Version 15). The model‐function equation for boron adsorption on clinoptilolite was obtained. The results showed that temperature, pH, and mass of adsorbent affected boron removal by adsorption. Boron removal increased with increasing pH and adsorbent dosage, but decreased with increasing temperature. The optimum conditions were found as pH = 7, adsorbent dosage = 1 g/25 mL solution, and temperature = 25°C by using factorial design. In addition, the effects of pH, temperature, adsorbent dosage, and initial boron concentration on boron removal were investigated. The adsorption isotherm studies were also performed. Maximum adsorbent capacity (qo) was calculated as 3.64 mg/g. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2010
Synthesis of new phosphorus ylides: Spectroscopic and X‐ray structural studies
Authors: Sabounchei Seyyed Javad , Shahriary Parisa , Nojini Zabiholla Bolboli , Khavasi Hamid Reza , Arici Cengiz , Dal Hakan 
Published: October 2010

AbstractStable phosphoranes, Ar3P = CHCOR (R = C6H5, C6H4NO2, C6H4OCH3, CH3, OCH2C6H5; Ar = p‐tolyl or phenyl), have been C‐acylated by acetic anhydride to obtain new types of phosphorus ylides. Synthesis and characterization of six phosphorus ylides of the type Ar3PC(COCH3)(COR) are reported. The reaction of {(p‐tolyl)3PCHCOC6H5} (I), {(p‐ tolyl)3PCHCOC6H4NO2} (II), {Ph3PCHCOC6H4NO2} (III), {Ph3PCHCOC6H4OCH3} (IV), {(p‐tolyl)3PCHCOCH3} (V), and {Ph3PCHCOOCH2C6H5} (VI) with acetic anhydride in dry chloroform as solvent gives (p‐tolyl)3PC(COMe)(COC6H5), α‐acetyl‐α‐benzoylmethy‐lenetriphenylphosphorane (1), {(p‐tolyl)3PC(COMe) (COC6H4NO2)} (2), {Ph3PC(COMe)(COC6H4NO2)} (3), {Ph3PC(COMe)(COC6H4OCH3)} (4), {(p‐tolyl)3 PC(COCH3)2} (5), and {Ph3PC(COMe)(COOCH2 C6H5)} (6). Single crystal X‐ray analyses for ylides 2, 5, and 6 reveal the monoclinic (2, 5) and triclinic (6) crystal systems. Characterization of the obtained compounds was also performed by elemental analysis, IR, 1H, 31P, and 13C NMR. The geometries of these compounds have been investigated using density functional theory (DFT). In addition, electronic parameters of these compounds such as HOMO and LUMO energy, Mulliken partial charge, and dipole moment were obtained. In this paper, the reactivity of these ylides is discussed in regard to the aforementioned data. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 21:475–485, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20633
Über die Wechselwirkung von Serumproteinen und Hefenucleïnsäuren
Authors: Wunderly Ch. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractEs wird die Wechselwirkung beschrieben von Adenosin‐3‐phosphorsäure sowie von zwei Hefenucleïnsäuren auf die Proteine von Pferdeserum. Zur Charakterisierung wird die Löslichkeit gemessen, die Viskosität, die Säureempfindlichkeit und Fällungsbereitschaft, die Nephelogramme aufgestellt sowie das Dissolutionsvermögen mit Victoriablau geprüft. Die Lösung der drei Nucleïnsäuren im Serum wird als Kolloidpeptisation erklärt; ihre Wechselwirkung mit den Serumproteinen, selbst bei Körpertemperatur, ist gering. Für salzartige Bindung liegen keine Anzeichen vor.
Über Manganite und künstlichen Braunstein
Authors: Feitknecht W. , Marti W. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract1. Die bei den verschiedenen Darstellungsverfahren entstehenden Mangan(II)‐manganite, sowie die Fremdmetallmanganite, die bei der Umsetzung von Mangan(II)‐salzlösung, die Fremdmetall enthält, gebildet werden, besitzen eine fehlgeordnete Doppelschichtenstruktur, bei der hexagonale Schichten von MnO2 unterteilt sind von ungeordneten Hydroxydschichten von niedrigerwertigem Metall.
Organizing vocational rehabilitation through interorganizational integration—a case study in Sweden
Authors: Wihlman Ulla , Lundborg Cecilia Stålsby , Holmström Inger , Axelsson Runo 
Published: October 2010

SUMMARYThis study describes and analysis five years of experiences from organising an interorganisational project on vocational rehabilitation. A qualitative case study approach was used based on interviews, focus group discussions and documents. The aim was to analyse how and why the project was organised in the way it was in relation to theories of integration, organisational change and learning. The results show that the vocational rehabilitation project was initiated mainly for financial reasons. It was organised as a mechanistic system with the aim of producing different activities, where financial control and support from all the levels of the organisations involved was important. A new bureaucracy between the different authorities involved was built up, where the vertical (top‐down) integration was more important than the horizontal. The result was scattered islands of interprofessional work in different teams, but without contacts between them. The project did not influence the processes or workflows of the organisations involved in the project, which would be important from a service‐user perspective. It may therefore be questionnable to organise the development of interorganisational integration for vocational rehabilitation in a separate project organisation. Instead, interorganisational networks with focus on interconnections of processes and workflows may be more flexible and adaptable. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of new spectral reflectance indices for the detection of lichens and mosses moisture content in the Hudson Bay Lowlands, Canada
Authors: Neta T. , Cheng Q. , Bello R. L. , Hu B. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAssessing moisture contents of lichens and mosses using ground‐based high‐spectral resolution spectrometers offers immense opportunities for a comprehensive monitoring of peatland moisture status by satellite/airborne imagery. This study investigates the impact of various moisture conditions of the lichens Cladina stellaris and Cladina rangiferina, and the mosses Dicranum elongatum and Tomenthypnum nitens on the spectral signatures obtained. Reflectance and moisture content measurements of these species were made in a laboratory setting, while maintaining the natural moisture conditions of the samples; once the moisture and spectral measurements were complete, the samples were returned to the field and placed in their natural setting, continuously receiving moisture from precipitation and groundwater and losing water through evaporation and drainage. Previously, we correlated the present spectral indices with the moisture contents of the above species, whereas the current study developed new species‐specific indices to improve the detection of the plants' moisture contents. The relationship between the plants' moisture content and the water table position was examined as well. It was found that the lichens are not responsive to variations in the water table position, whereas the mosses, specifically D. elongatum, are quite sensitive to changes in the water table position. Thus, the use of the mosses spectral indices may contribute to an indirect evaluation of the water table position. Overall, the results suggest that the unique spectral signatures of the above species can be detected by satellite and airborne imagery, whereas the mosses, can be used as indicators of peatlands moisture status. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biodegradable poly(α‐hydroxy ester) blended microspheres as suitable carriers for retinal pigment epithelium cell transplantation
Authors: Thomson H. A. , Treharne A. J. , Backholer L. S. , Cuda F. , Grossel M. C. , Lotery A. J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractFive blends of poly(L‐lactic acid) (PLLA) with poly(D,L‐lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) were used to prepare microcarriers by a solvent evaporation technique. Microcarriers were evaluated as suitable scaffolds to facilitate retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell transplantation. The blend ratios were 90:10, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, 10:90 (PLLA:PLGA). Samples of each microcarrier blend were coated with an extracellular matrix protein. Coated and uncoated microcarriers were seeded with a human RPE cell line. As the lactide unit content increased the size of microcarriers generally became larger and the surface more irregular. Cells remained proliferative and retained phenotype as confirmed by immunocytochemistry. Blends rich in PLLA were superior for maintenance of RPE cell viability. This study demonstrates for the first time the feasibility of using microcarriers as a vehicle for retinal cell transplantation for ocular disease. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.
The role of complement C3 and fibrinogen in monocyte adhesion to PEO‐like plasma deposited tetraglyme
Authors: Szott Luisa M. , Horbett Thomas A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe role of complement C3 in mediating adhesion of monocytes to plasma deposited tetraglyme surfaces was studied. Although fibrinogen (Fg) is usually considered the main factor in mediating phagocyte attachment, plasma deposited PEO‐like tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (tetraglyme) coatings that have ultra‐low Fg adsorption (<10 ng cm−2) from low concentration solutions and low monocyte adhesion in vitro still show high phagocyte adhesion after short implantations and later become encapsulated when tested in vivo. To test whether higher Fg adsorption under in vivo conditions could explain the higher in vivo reactivity, we again measured the resistance of tetraglyme films to Fg adsorption. We found a surprising and previously unreported increased amount of adsorbed Fg on tetraglyme surfaces from higher concentration protein solutions. However, monocyte adhesion to tetraglyme did not markedly increase despite the increased Fg adsorption. We thus suspected proteins other than Fg must be responsible for the increased in vivo reactivity. We found that on tetraglyme preadsorbed with C3‐depleted serum, monocyte adhesion was greatly reduced as compared to samples adsorbed with normal serum. Addition of exogenous pure C3 to the serum used to preadsorb the surfaces restored monocyte adhesion to tetraglyme coatings. While Fg clearly plays an important role in mediating monocyte adhesion to tetraglyme surfaces, the results show an additional role for adsorbed C3 in monocyte adhesion. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.