bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Initial theoretical study of solar cells with an intermediate band of non‐zero width and a thermalized electron population
Authors: Strandberg Rune , Worren Reenaas Turid 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTA model based on detailed balance principles is developed to study how the thermalized nature of the electrons in the intermediate band (IB) affects the efficiency of intermediate band solar cells. Published work on intermediate band solar cells with finite IB width has focused on the fundamental case when the absorptivity is assumed to be high for all photon energies above the smallest band gap. In this work, an attempt is made to incorporate variations in the absorptivity due to the thermal distribution of the IB electrons. In a wide IB with a thermalized electron population, there will be a low density of electrons close to the upper band edge. The density of unoccupied electron states close to the lower band edge will also be low. As a consequence, the absorption coefficients for photon energies where the only energetically allowed transitions involve exciting electrons from or to, respectively, such states can be expected to be low. The presented model incorporates the effect of the thermalized electron population in an idealized way. In some cases, the calculated efficiency is well above the limit for single band gap cells, whereas in other cases it is not. It is concluded that absorption coefficients rising rapidly from very low values to higher values are advantageous, that overlap between the absorption coefficients can be beneficial when the IB becomes sufficiently wide, and finally, that a case‐by‐case study probably is required to evaluate whether a particular IB material can give cells with high efficiency. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of an intranasal corticosteroid on exercise induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatic children
Authors: Kersten Elin T.G. , van Leeuwen Janneke C. , Brand Paul L.P. , Duiverman Eric J. , de Jongh Frans H.C. , Thio Bernard J. , Driessen Jean M.M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractRationaleAllergic rhinitis and exercise induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) are common in asthmatic children. The aim of this study was to investigate whether treatment of allergic rhinitis with an intranasal corticosteroid protects against EIB in asthmatic children.MethodsThis was a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, parallel group study. Subjects aged 12–17 years, with mild‐to‐moderate asthma, intermittent allergic rhinitis and ≥10% fall in FEV1 at a screening exercise challenge were randomized to 22 ± 3 days treatment with intranasal fluticasone furoate or placebo. The primary outcome was change in exercise induced fall in FEV1. Secondary outcomes were changes in the area under the curve (AUC), asthma control questionnaire (ACQ), pediatric asthma quality of life questionnaire (PAQLQ), and exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO).ResultsTwenty‐five children completed the study. Mean exercise induced fall in FEV1 (±SD) decreased significantly (95% CI: 0.7–18.2%, P = 0.04) in the fluticasone furoate group from 28.4 ± 15.8% to 19.0 ± 13.8%, compared to the placebo group (27.4 ± 16.0% to 27.4 ± 19.2%). The change in AUC was not significantly different between treatment groups. However, within the fluticasone furoate group the AUC decreased significantly (P = 0.01). Although total PAQLQ score did not improve, the activity limitation domain score improved significantly within the fluticasone furoate group (P = 0.03). No significant changes were observed in FeNO and ACQ.ConclusionTreatment of allergic rhinitis in asthmatic children with an intranasal corticosteroid reduces EIB and tends to improve quality of life. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012; 47:27–35. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of residue–residue contact predictions in CASP9
Authors: Monastyrskyy Bohdan , Fidelis Krzysztof , Tramontano Anna , Kryshtafovych Andriy 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis work presents the results of the assessment of the intramolecular residue–residue contact predictions submitted to CASP9. The methodology for the assessment does not differ from that used in previous CASPs, with two basic evaluation measures being the precision in recognizing contacts and the difference between the distribution of distances in the subset of predicted contact pairs versus all pairs of residues in the structure. The emphasis is placed on the prediction of long‐range contacts (i.e., contacts between residues separated by at least 24 residues along sequence) in target proteins that cannot be easily modeled by homology. Although there is considerable activity in the field, the current analysis reports no discernable progress since CASP8. Proteins 2011; © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Local structure around Co in (Zn,Co)O nanoparticles
Authors: Chen Yuanyuan , Liu Hao , Zhang Hongguang , Li Yongtao , Chen Lingshan , Chen Kai , Dong Xueguang , Li Qi 
Published: September 2011

AbstractZn1‐xCox O (x = 0.01, 0.03) nanoparticles prepared by sol‐gel method exhibit room temperature (RT) ferromag‐ netism (FM). Co K‐edge extended x‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) has been used to analyze the microstructures of Co ions and to identify the mechanism of ferromagnetism. Some structural models have been used to simulate the experimental data. And the fitting process gives the results that not all Co ions occupy at Zn sites. It suggests that there are four kinds of Co structures in our samples, i.e. substituted Co ions, interstitial Co ions, Co ions in F center model and Co ions in impurity Co3O4. The coexistent defects of F center and interstitial Co mediate the macroscopical ferromagnetism. And the change of Ms is not proportional to the contents of these two defects, which may be due to the interaction between them (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
One‐electron addition on short‐loop selenylsulfide and diselenide‐linked biomolecules: From diethyldichalcogens to Grx3‐like selenopeptides
Authors: Dumont Élise 
Published: September 2011

AbstractOne‐electron uptake by thiaselenide or diselenide linkages of a series of short‐loop selenopeptides, is examined by means of hybrid QM:QM′ and QM:MM calculations. A special emphasis is given to the identification of key factors tuning adiabatic electron affinity, in comparison with established trends for disulfides. The conclusions are threefold: first, electron capture is intrinsically favored by 0.20 and 0.36 eV upon sulfur‐to‐selenium mono‐ or bi‐substitution. This order of reactivity, established on diethyldichalcogens, is globally transferable to linear dipeptides, with a dramatic increase of ∼1eV of adiabatic electron affinities. Cyclization impact is then quantified along a representative set of short‐loop peptides: conformational strain tends to reinforce dichalcogen propensity to act as an “electron buffer,” although this contribution is attenuated for seleno‐containing linkages because of their longer equilibrium distance. Collective electrostatic effects, such as the dipole created by a N‐terminal α‐helix, result in the same shifting, e.g., ∼1eV as a dodecalanine is grafted onto a given tetrapeptide. Structural features for neutral and radical anion species are also analyzed, in line with their spectroscopic aftermaths. This analysis delineates some useful trends for assisting design of seleno agents and artificial enzymes. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Anemia induced by repeated exposure to cyanobacterial extracts with explorations of underlying mechanisms
Authors: Zhang Xuezhen , Xie Ping , Li Dapeng , Shi Zechao , Wang Jun , Yuan Gailing , Zhao Yanyan , Tang Rong 
Published: September 2011

AbstractHematological abnormalities or derangements have been demonstrated in patients suffering form microcystins (MCs) in hemodialysis unit in Caruaru, Brazil, 1996. While experimental study on hematological effect of microcystins has been rare and the underlying mechanisms are still puzzling. In the present study, microcystins were repeatedly intraperitoneally injected with a dose of 6 μg/kg/day in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) for 14 days, and the prolonged effects of extracted microcystins on hematotoxicology were investigated. Significant decreases were observed in the hematological indices red blood cell counts, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and platelet count, while an obvious anemia occurred in rabbits after 14‐day exposure. Moreover, red blood cell volume distribution width, mean corpuscular volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin did not vary significantly, indicating that rabbits suffered from normocytic anemia. In bone marrow, on the 14th day after toxin exposure, the frequency of micronucleus increased significantly, and the viability of bone marrow cells decreased markedly compared with the control. Serum erythropoietin levels declined on the 7th and 14th day, which suggested that the ability to regulate differentiation and maturation of erythrocytes was impaired. These results indicate that repeated exposure of microcystins can result in normocyte anemia, and the bone marrow injures and the sharp decreases of erythropoietin levels were responsible for the anemia. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Environ Toxicol, 2011.
Postoperative adjuvant therapy
Authors: Kosuge Tomoo , Sakamoto Yoshihiro , Ueno Hideki 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAfter a lengthy search for an effective treatment for resected pancreatic cancer, evidence accumulated in the past 10 years shows that adjuvant chemotherapy is firmly established as offering a modest but real improvement in overall survival. However, the optimal choice of treatment modality (chemotherapy with or without radiation therapy) remains highly controversial. Results from ongoing studies will further optimize the treatment over the next decade.
Prenatal exposure to β2-adrenergic receptor agonists and risk of autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Croen Lisa A. , Connors Susan L. , Matevia Marilyn , Qian Yinge , Newschaffer Craig , Zimmerman Andrew W. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the association between prenatal exposure to terbutaline and other β2 adrenergic receptor (B2AR) agonists and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). The methodology used is a case–control study among children born from 1995 to 1999 at Kaiser Permanente Northern California hospitals. Cases (n = 291) were children with an ASD diagnosis; controls (n = 284) were children without ASDs, randomly sampled and frequency-matched to cases on sex, birth year, and delivery hospital. Exposure to B2AR agonists during 30 days prior to conception and each trimester of pregnancy was ascertained from prenatal medical records and health plan databases. The frequency of exposure to any B2AR agonist during pregnancy was similar for mothers of children with ASD and mothers of controls (18.9% vs. 14.8%, P = 0.19). Exposure to B2AR agonists other than terbutaline was not associated with an increased risk for ASDs. However, terbutaline exposure for >2 days during the third trimester was associated with more than a fourfold increased risk for ASDs independent of indication although the limited sample size resulted in an imprecise and nonsignificant effect estimate (ORadj = 4.4; 95% confidence interval, 0.8–24.6). This analysis does not offer evidence linking B2AR exposure in pregnancy with autism risk. However, exposure to terbutaline during the third trimester for >2 days may be associated with an increased risk of autism. Should this result be confirmed in larger samples, it would point to late pregnancy as an etiologic window of interest in autism risk factor research.
Effects of Geographical Origin on the Conjugated Linolenic Acid of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim Seed Oil
Authors: Yang Jing , Zhou Ciqin , Yuan Gaofeng , Li Duo 
Published: August 2011

AbstractTrichosanthes kirilowii Maxim (T. kirilowii) seeds from four geographical locations (Changxing, Quzhou, Yuexi, Dongzhi) contained 26.15–49.41% oil and 28.68–37.90% protein. The seed oil was distinguished by the conjugated linolenic acids, punicic acid (PA) and α‐eleostearic acid (α‐ESA). The main fatty acids in T. kirilowii seed oils were ranked in the following order: punicic acid (33.09–39.15%), linolenic acid (33.77–38.66%), oleic acid (15.15–24.88%), palmitic acid (2.36–4.86%). PA was the main isomer of CLNA (33.09–39.15%). No significant differences were found either in PA content or in α‐ESA content of T. kirilowii seed from these geographical locations. Little difference was observed in the quantitative composition of the lipid contents of seeds from different geographical locations. The α‐tocopherol content of T. kirilowii seed ranged from 6.34 to 31.74 mg/100 g, with the highest levels in Changxing seeds. The present results showed that T. kirilowii seeds were especially rich in PA, and their contents were not influenced by the geographical locations. Variation in some proximate compositions by geographical locations may be caused by ecological conditions, temperature, climate condition, technical and cultural conditions.
Watershed Prioritization Using Morphometric and Land Use/Land Cover Parameters: A Remote Sensing and GIS Based Approach
Authors: Javed Akram , Khanday Mohd Yousuf , Rais Subah 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Jaggar watershed is a constituent of the Gambhir river basin, in eastern Rajasthan and covers an area of 352.82 km2, representing arid climate. The drainage network is dendritic to sub-dendritic pattern however parallel to sub-parallel has also developed locally. The Jaggar watershed has been divided into fourteen sub-watersheds, designated as SW1 to SW14, for prioritization purpose. The prioritization of the sub-watersheds has been done on the basis of morphometric analysis and land use/land cover categories. Various morphometric parameters (linear and shape) have been determined for each sub-watershed and assigned rank on the basis of value/relationship with erodibility so as to arrive at a compound value for final ranking of the sub-watersheds. Land use/land cover mapping has been carried out using IRS LISS III data of 1998. Based on morphometric and land use/land cover analysis and their ranks, the sub-watersheds have been classified into four categories as very high, high, medium and low in terms of priority for conservation and management of natural resources. The prioritization results based on morphometry reveal that only SW7 and SW10 fall under very high priority, whereas SW6, SW11 and SW13 fall under very high priority on the basis of land use/land cover analysis. However on the integration of morphometry and land use/land cover only SW14 show common priority whereas rest have little or no correlation.
Diet quality and change in anthropometric measures: 15-year longitudinal study in Australian adults
Authors: Arabshahi Simin , van der Pols Jolieke C. , Williams Gail M. , Marks Geoffrey C. , Lahmann Petra H. 
Published: August 2011

Evidence from longitudinal studies on the association between diet quality and change in anthropometric measures is scarce. We therefore investigated the relationship between a recently developed food-based dietary index and change in measured BMI and waist circumference (WC) in Australian adults (1992–2007). We used data from the Australian population-based Nambour Skin Cancer Study comprising 1231 adults aged 25–75 years at baseline (1992). We applied generalised estimating equations (GEE) to examine the association between diet quality and change in anthropometric measures. Dietary intake was assessed by an FFQ in 1992, 1996 and 2007. Diet quality was estimated using the dietary guideline index (DGI), developed to reflect the dietary guidelines for Australian adults; a higher score indicating increased compliance. Multivariable models, stratified by sex, were adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics. We show that men with higher diet quality had a lower gain in BMI as compared to those with low diet quality during the 15-year follow-up. In a multivariable adjusted model, as compared to men in quartile 1 (reference), those in the highest quartile had the lowest gain in BMI (mean (95 % CI): 0·05 (0·00, 0·09) v. 0·11 (0·06, 0·16) kg/m2 per year, P =0·01). Diet quality was inversely, but non-significantly associated with change in WC. In women, DGI score was unrelated to change in any body measure. Energy underreporting did not explain the lack of association. We conclude that adherence to a high-quality diet according to Australian dietary guidelines leads to lower gain in BMI and WC in middle-aged men, but not in women.
Investigating preference-performance relationships in aboveground-belowground life cycles: a laboratory and field study with the vine weevil (Otiorhynchus sulcatus)
Authors: Clark K.E. , Hartley S.E. , Brennan R.M. , MacKenzie K. , Johnson S.N. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe preference-performance hypothesis has principally considered insect herbivores with aboveground lifecycles, although the hypothesis could be equally relevant to insects with life stages occurring both aboveground and belowground. Moreover, most studies have focussed on either laboratory or field experiments, with little attempt to relate the two. In this study, the preference-performance hypothesis was examined in an aboveground-belowground context in the laboratory using the vine weevil (Otiorhynchus sulcatus(F.)) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and two cultivars of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus), Glen Rosa and Glen Ample. A two-year field study (2008–2009) was also undertaken to characterise the population dynamics of adult weevils on the two raspberry cultivars. Larval performance (abundance and mass) differed significantly between Glen Rosa and Glen Ample, with Glen Rosa resulting in 26% larger but 56% fewer larvae compared to Glen Ample. Larval abundances were significantly and positively correlated with root nitrogen and magnesium concentrations, but negatively correlated with root iron. However, concentrations of these minerals were not significantly different in the two cultivars. Adult weevils did not preferentially select either of the two cultivars for egg laying (laying 3.08 and 2.80 eggs per day on Glen Ample and Glen Rosa, respectively), suggesting that there was no strong preference-performance relationship between adult vine weevils and their belowground offspring. Field populations of adult vine weevils were significantly higher on Glen Ample than Glen Rosa, which may reflect the higher larval survival on Glen Ample observed in laboratory experiments.
Studying Attitudes to Work Worldwide, 1500–1650: Concepts, Sources, and Problems of Interpretation
Authors: van der Linden Marcel 
Published: August 2011

SummaryThe period 1500–1650 was characterized by huge global transformations. These had a major impact on a wide range of societal forms and cultures. As a result, different work ethics clashed and formed hybrid combinations, and new work ethics came into being during many-sided confrontations. The question of how the labouring poor in different parts of the world experienced these changes in the context of their work is an extremely difficult one. The present essay attempts to define a number of key concepts (“work”, “attitude”); it evaluates critically the various sources which might give us an insight into attitudes to work; and it reflects on interpretative difficulties. The essay concludes by presenting a few substantive hypotheses.
Intranasal immunization with LACK-DNA promotes protective immunity in hamsters challenged withLeishmania chagasi
Authors: DE OLIVEIRA GOMES DANIEL CLAUDIO , DA SILVA COSTA SOUZA BEATRIZ LILIAN , DE MATOS GUEDES HERBERT LEONEL , LOPES ULISSES GAZOS , ROSSI-BERGMANN BARTIRA 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYLACK (Leishmaniaanalogue of the receptor kinase C) is a conserved protein in protozoans of the genusLeishmaniawhich is associated with the immunopathogenesis and susceptibility of BALB/c mice toL. majorinfection. Previously, we demonstrated that intranasal immunization with a plasmid carrying the LACK gene ofLeishmania infantum(LACK-DNA) promotes protective immunity in BALB/c mice againstLeishmania amazonensisandLeishmania chagasi.In the present study, we investigated the protective immunity achieved in hamsters intranasally vaccinated with 2 doses of LACK-DNA (30μg). Compared with controls (PBS and pCI-neo plasmid), animals vaccinated with LACK-DNA showed significant reduction in parasite loads in the spleen and liver, increased lymphoproliferative response and increased nitric oxide (NO) production by parasite antigen-stimulated splenocytes. Furthermore, hamsters vaccinated with LACK-DNA presented high IgG and IgG2a serum levels when compared to control animals. Our results showed that intranasal vaccination with LACK-DNA promotes protective immune responses in hamsters and demonstrated the broad spectrum of intranasal LACK-DNA efficacy in different host species, confirming previous results in murine cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis.
Un paseo por la literatura sobre capital social desde una perspectiva económica
Authors: Felis-Rota Marta 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis essay considers the literature on the topic of social capital in relation to the economic science, and opens new perspectives of research in this area. This essay starts with a walk through the history of economic thought that has influenced social capital literature. Afterwards, the reader will find a discussion on different perspectives of research that have been followed up to now and some others in relation with the microeconomic foundations of the concept of social capital, and its connexion with economic growth and finance.
Human security and the rise of the social
Authors: OWENS PATRICIA 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAs the concept of human security has become part of the mainstream discourse of international politics it should be no surprise that both realist and critical approaches to international theory have found the agenda wanting. This article seeks to go beyond both the realist and biopolitical critiques by situating all three – political realism, biopolitics and human security – within the history and theory of the modernrise of the socialrealm from late eighteenth and nineteenth century Europe. Human security is the further expansion ofsocialforms of governance under capitalism, more specifically a form ofsocialpolitikthanrealpolitikor biopolitics. Drawing on the work of historical sociologist Robert Castel and political theorist Hannah Arendt, the article develops an alternative framework with which to question the extent to which ‘life’ has become the subject of global intervention through the human security agenda.
Construction of Ipr1 expression vector and development of cloned embryos in vitro
Authors: Song Yongli , He Xiaoning , Hua Song , Lan Jie , Liu Yonggang , Cheng Pang , Zhang Hailin , Li Jixia , He Xiaoying , Liu Jun , Zhang Yong 
Published: August 2011

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to prepare intracellular pathogen resistance 1 (Ipr1) transgenic donor cells for somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Based on our current understanding of Ipr1, a macrophage special expression vector pSP–EGFP–Ipr1was constructed. Bovine fetal fibroblasts were transfected with pSP-EGFP-Ipr1. The green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing cells were selected and transferred into enucleated bovine oocytes. Then, the rates of oocyte cleavage and blastocyst formation of transgenic cells and non-transgenic cells were observed, respectively. The results showed that reconstructed embryos derived from transgenic cells could successfully develop into blastocysts, most of which were GFP-positive. This study may provide cloned embryos for the production of anti-tuberculosis transgenic animals.