bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PRECLINICAL STUDY: FULL ARTICLE: Tolerance to 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine is associated with impaired serotonin release
Authors: Jones Karen , Brennan Katharine A. , Colussi‐Mas Joyce , Schenk Susan 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTTolerance to the behavioural effects of 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) following high dose exposure has been attributed to alterations in serotonergic systems. The present study aimed to determine whether decreased 5‐HT release and/or 5‐HT2A/Creceptor desensitization might play a role in tolerance by measuring the response to selective ligands following MDMA exposure. To this end, the latency to nose poke and emerge from a hide box to an open field arena following administration of various ligands to MDMA pre‐treated and control rats was measured. Acute exposure to MDMA (0.0–3.3 mg/kg), the 5‐HT releasing stimulant fenfluramine (0.0–2.0 mg/kg) and the 5‐HT2receptor agonist m‐CPP (0.0–1.25 mg/kg) increased nose poke and emergence latency. Following administration of doses that produce 5‐HT2Areceptor‐mediated behaviours, the 5‐HT2receptor agonist (±)‐1‐(2,5‐dimethoxy‐4‐iodophenyl)‐2‐aminopropane failed to alter nose poke and emergence latency, suggesting a limited role of this receptor subtype in these behaviours. Activation of 5‐HT2Creceptors was implicated in the behavioural response to both MDMA and m‐CPP since the increased emergence latency was dose‐dependently attenuated by pre‐treatment with the selective 5‐HT2Creceptor antagonist RS102221 (0.0–1.0 mg/kg). Tolerance to the behavioural effect of MDMA and fenfluramine but not m‐CPP was produced by prior exposure to MDMA (10 mg/kg administered at two‐hour intervals, total 40 mg/kg), and tissue levels of 5‐HT and 5‐HIAA were decreased. These findings suggest that tolerance to the increased nose poke and emergence latency produced by MDMA is due to impaired 5‐HT release.
Prospective study of infectious complications in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients
Authors: Martín‐Peña Almudena , Aguilar‐Guisado Manuela , Espigado Ildefonso , Parody Ricardo , Miguel Cisneros José 
Published: May 2010

Martín‐Peña A, Aguilar‐Guisado M, Espigado I, Parody R, Cisneros JM. Prospective study of infectious complications in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Clin Transplant 2011: 25: 468–474. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  This is a prospective, observational study of a consecutive cohort of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) adult recipients conducted between July 2003 and May 2006, with the aim of identifying the current incidence, etiology, risk factors for infections and associated mortality up to two yr after allo‐HSCT. Seventy‐four episodes of infection were recorded in 38 patients, 50 consecutive adult patients underwent 54 allo‐HSCT. The incidence of infection was 1.36 (68/50) episodes/patient after the first year of transplantation and 1.48 (74/50) episodes/patient after first two yr of transplantation. The most common syndrome was cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, followed by catheter‐related bloodstream infection and pneumonia. An etiological diagnosis was established in 85.1% of the episodes. Bacteria were the most common etiology (55.5%), followed by viruses (41.3%) and fungi (4.8%). CMV was the most common viral agent (73%), and all fungal infections were caused by molds. Myeloablative conditioning regimen, chronic graft‐versus‐host disease, and medical complications post‐transplant were independent risk factors for infection. The global mortality two yr after transplantation was 32%, and death was infection related in 12%. In spite of advances, infections continue to be a common cause of morbidity and mortality following allo‐HSCT.
Sensitive Detection of Viruses in Pollen Using Conventional and Real‐time Reverse Transcription‐polymerase Chain Reaction
Authors: Shiller Jason B. , Lebas Bénédicte S. M. , Horner Mary , Pearson Michael N. , Clover Gerard R. G. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPollen is traded internationally as a source of germplasm and for pollination. Thirty‐nine viruses and five viroids are known to be pollen transmitted. We investigated whether reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) could be used to detect viruses reliably in pollen. Four extraction methods yielded nucleic acid in appropriate quantity and quality from Tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV)‐infected pollen for RT‐PCR amplification. One method, the RNeasy® Plant Mini Kit was used subsequently to extract nucleic acid of amplifiable quality from nine plant species, and pollen infected with three ilarvirus and two nepovirus species. A real‐time TaqMan™ RT‐PCR for the detection of TRSV was reliable and specific using 167 extracts of pollen from plants of Nicotiana glutinosa. The assay was highly sensitive, with extracts testing positive to a 10−6 dilution, equivalent to a single pollen grain. This demonstrated that RT‐PCR methods can detect virus‐infected pollen reliably, sensitively and specifically. The possible application of these RT‐PCR methods to replace current quarantine procedures without compromising biosecurity is discussed.
Which finger? Early effects of attentional selection within the hand are absent when the hand is viewed
Authors: Gillmeister Helge , Sambo Chiara F. , Forster Bettina 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe sight of a hand can bias the distribution of spatial attention, and recently it has been shown that viewing both hands simultaneously can facilitate spatial selection between tactile events at the hands when these are far apart. Here we directly compared the electrophysiological correlates of within‐hand and between‐hands tactile–spatial selection to investigate whether within‐hand selection is similarly facilitated by viewing the fingers. Using somatosensory event‐related potentials, we have shown that effects of selection between adjacent fingers of the same hand at early somatosensory components P45 and N80 were absent when the fingers were viewed. Thus, we found a detrimental effect of vision on tactile–spatial within‐body part (i.e. hand) selection. In contrast, effects of tactile–spatial selection between hands placed next to each other, which were first found at the P100 component, were unaffected by vision of the hands. Our findings suggest that (i) within‐hand and between‐hands selection can operate at different stages of processing, and (ii) the effects of vision on within‐hand and between‐hands attentional selection may reflect fundamentally different mechanisms.
Multisensory determinants of orientation perception: task‐specific sex differences
Authors: Barnett‐Cowan M. , Dyde R. T. , Thompson C. , Harris L. R. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractFemales have been reported to be more ‘visually dependent’ than males. When aligning a rod in a tilted frame to vertical, females are more influenced by the frame than are males, who align the rod closer to gravity. Do females rely more on visual information at the cost of other sensory information? We compared the subjective visual vertical and the perceptual upright in 29 females and 24 males. The orientation of visual cues presented on a shrouded laptop screen and of the observer’s posture were varied. When upright, females’ subjective visual vertical was more influenced by visual cues and their responses were more variable than were males’. However, there were no differences between the sexes in the perceptual upright task. Individual variance in subjective visual vertical judgments and in the perceptual upright predicted the level of visual dependence across both sexes. When lying right‐side down, there were no reliable differences between the sexes in either measure. We conclude that heightened ‘visual dependence’ in females does not generalize to all aspects of spatial processing but is probably attributable to task‐specific differences in the mechanisms of sensory processing in the brains of females and males. The higher variability and lower accuracy in females for some spatial tasks is not due to their having qualitatively worse access to information concerning either the gravity axis or corporeal representation: it is only when gravity and the long body axis align that females have a performance disadvantage.
Independent mechanisms for ventriloquism and multisensory integration as revealed by theta‐burst stimulation
Authors: Bertini Caterina , Leo Fabrizio , Avenanti Alessio , Làdavas Elisabetta 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe visual and auditory systems often concur to create a unified perceptual experience and to determine the localization of objects in the external world. Co‐occurring auditory and visual stimuli in spatial coincidence are known to enhance performance of auditory localization due to the integration of stimuli from different sensory channels (i.e. multisensory integration). However, auditory localization of audiovisual stimuli presented at spatial disparity might also induce a mislocalization of the sound towards the visual stimulus (i.e. ventriloquism effect). Using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation we tested the role of right temporoparietal (rTPC), right occipital (rOC) and right posterior parietal (rPPC) cortex in an auditory localization task in which indices of ventriloquism and multisensory integration were computed. We found that suppression of rTPC excitability by means of continuous theta‐burst stimulation (cTBS) reduced multisensory integration. No similar effect was found for cTBS over rOC. Moreover, inhibition of rOC, but not of rTPC, suppressed the visual bias in the contralateral hemifield. In contrast, cTBS over rPPC did not produce any modulation of ventriloquism or integrative effects. The double dissociation found in the present study suggests that ventriloquism and audiovisual multisensory integration are functionally independent phenomena and may be underpinned by partially different neural circuits.
Are surface properties integrated into visuohaptic object representations?
Authors: Lacey Simon , Hall Jenelle , Sathian K. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObject recognition studies have almost exclusively involved vision, focusing on shape rather than surface properties such as color. Visual object representations are thought to integrate shape and color information because changing the color of studied objects impairs their subsequent recognition. However, little is known about integration of surface properties into visuohaptic multisensory representations. Here, participants studied objects with distinct patterns of surface properties (color in Experiment 1, texture in Experiments 2 and 3) and had to discriminate between object shapes when color or texture schemes were altered in within‐modal (visual and haptic) and cross‐modal (visual study followed by haptic test and vice versa) conditions. In Experiment 1, color changes impaired within‐modal visual recognition but had no effect on cross‐modal recognition, suggesting that the multisensory representation was not influenced by modality‐specific surface properties. In Experiment 2, texture changes impaired recognition in all conditions, suggesting that both unisensory and multisensory representations integrated modality‐independent surface properties. However, the cross‐modal impairment might have reflected either the texture change or a failure to form the multisensory representation. Experiment 3 attempted to distinguish between these possibilities by combining changes in texture with changes in orientation, taking advantage of the known view‐independence of the multisensory representation, but the results were not conclusive owing to the overwhelming effect of texture change. The simplest account is that the multisensory representation integrates shape and modality‐independent surface properties. However, more work is required to investigate this and the conditions under which multisensory integration of structural and surface properties occurs.
Seeing the body modulates audiotactile integration
Authors: Aspell Jane E. , Lavanchy Tom , Lenggenhager Bigna , Blanke Olaf 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAudiotactile integration has been studied using various experimental setups but so far crossmodal congruency effects (CCEs) have not been found for tactile targets paired with auditory distractors. In the present study we investigated whether audiotactile CCEs exist and, if so, whether these CCEs have similar characteristics to those found by previous authors with visual distractors. We measured audiotactile CCEs by attaching four vibrators to the backs of participants and presented auditory stimuli from four loudspeakers placed, in separate blocks, at different distances in front of or behind the participant’s body. Participants discriminated the elevation of tactile stimuli while ignoring the auditory distractors. CCEs were found only when participants were provided with noninformative vision of their own body, as seen from behind via a camera and head‐mounted display; they were absent when participants did not view their body. Furthermore, in contrast to visuotactile CCEs, audiotactile CCEs did not depend on whether the distractors were presented on the same or different side as the tactile targets. The present study provides the first demonstration of an audiotactile CCE: incongruent auditory distractors impaired performance on a tactile elevation discrimination task relative to performance with congruent distractors. We show that audiotactile CCEs differ from visuotactile CCEs as they do not appear to be as sensitive to the spatial relations between the distractors and the tactile stimuli. We also show that these CCEs are modulated by vision of the body.
Onset timing of cross‐sensory activations and multisensory interactions in auditory and visual sensory cortices
Authors: Raij Tommi , Ahveninen Jyrki , Lin Fa‐Hsuan , Witzel Thomas , Jääskeläinen Iiro P. , Letham Benjamin , Israeli Emily , Sahyoun Cherif , Vasios Christos , Stufflebeam Steven , Hämäläinen Matti , Belliveau John W. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractHere we report early cross‐sensory activations and audiovisual interactions at the visual and auditory cortices using magnetoencephalography (MEG) to obtain accurate timing information. Data from an identical fMRI experiment were employed to support MEG source localization results. Simple auditory and visual stimuli (300‐ms noise bursts and checkerboards) were presented to seven healthy humans. MEG source analysis suggested generators in the auditory and visual sensory cortices for both within‐modality and cross‐sensory activations. fMRI cross‐sensory activations were strong in the visual but almost absent in the auditory cortex; this discrepancy with MEG possibly reflects the influence of acoustical scanner noise in fMRI. In the primary auditory cortices (Heschl’s gyrus) the onset of activity to auditory stimuli was observed at 23 ms in both hemispheres, and to visual stimuli at 82 ms in the left and at 75 ms in the right hemisphere. In the primary visual cortex (Calcarine fissure) the activations to visual stimuli started at 43 ms and to auditory stimuli at 53 ms. Cross‐sensory activations thus started later than sensory‐specific activations, by 55 ms in the auditory cortex and by 10 ms in the visual cortex, suggesting that the origins of the cross‐sensory activations may be in the primary sensory cortices of the opposite modality, with conduction delays (from one sensory cortex to another) of 30–35 ms. Audiovisual interactions started at 85 ms in the left auditory, 80 ms in the right auditory and 74 ms in the visual cortex, i.e., 3–21 ms after inputs from the two modalities converged.
The electrophysiological time course of the interaction of stimulus conflict and the multisensory spread of attention
Authors: Zimmer U. , Itthipanyanan S. , Grent‐’t‐Jong T. , Woldorff M.G. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPreviously, we have shown that spatial attention to a visual stimulus can spread across both space and modality to a synchronously presented but task‐irrelevant sound arising from a different location, reflected by a late‐onsetting, sustained, negative‐polarity event‐related potential (ERP) wave over frontal–central scalp sites, probably originating in part from the auditory cortices. Here we explore the influence of cross‐modal conflict on the amplitude and temporal dynamics of this multisensory spreading‐of‐attention activity. Subjects attended selectively to one of two concurrently presented lateral visually‐presented letter streams to perform a sequential comparison task, while ignoring task‐irrelevant, centrally presented spoken letters that could occur synchronously with either the attended or unattended lateral visual letters and could be either congruent or incongruent with them. Extracted auditory ERPs revealed that, collapsed across congruency conditions, attentional spreading across modalities started at approximately 220 ms, replicating our earlier findings. The interaction between attentional spreading and conflict occurred beginning at approximately 300 ms, with attentional‐spreading activity being larger for incongruent trials. Thus, the increased processing of an incongruent, task‐irrelevant sound in a multisensory stimulation appeared to occur some time after attention has spread from the attended visual part to the ignored auditory part, presumably reflecting the conflict detection and associated attentional capture requiring accrual of some multisensory interaction processes at a higher‐level semantic processing stage.
Tactile capture of auditory localization: an event‐related potential study
Authors: Bruns Patrick , Röder Brigitte 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe well‐known ventriloquist illusion arises when sounds are mislocalized towards a synchronous but spatially discrepant visual stimulus, and a similar effect of touch on audition has also been reported. By manipulating hand position, we recently demonstrated that this audiotactile ventriloquism effect predominantly operates in an external coordinate system. Using event‐related potentials, the present study investigated the neural correlates of this audiotactile ventriloquism effect. Participants reported the perceived location of brief auditory stimuli that were presented either alone or with concurrent tactile stimuli to the fingertips, which were situated at the left and right side of the speaker array. Concurrent electroencephalogram recordings suggested a biasing of cortical activity by the tactile stimuli, which was only observed for trials in which a ventriloquist illusion was elicited. Irrespective of the physical location of the sound source in the bimodal trials, centrally perceived sounds elicited an enhanced centrally distributed negativity, compared to laterally perceived sounds, between 260 and 400 ms following stimulus onset, similar to unimodal auditory stimuli that were actually presented from central and lateral positions, respectively. Moreover, this effect was modulated by hand posture. When external and anatomically centred reference frames were in conflict, the event‐related potential effect was reduced for small audiotactile spatial discrepancies, which corresponded to the behavioural finding of a reduced audiotactile ventriloquism effect compared to a parallel hand posture. The present data suggest that the cortical representation of auditory space is adjusted to coincide with spatially disparate tactile input.
Cold adaptation in the marine bacterium, Sphingopyxis alaskensis, assessed using quantitative proteomics
Authors: Ting Lily , Williams Timothy J. , Cowley Mark J. , Lauro Federico M. , Guilhaus Michael , Raftery Mark J. , Cavicchioli Ricardo 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe cold marine environment constitutes a large proportion of the Earth's biosphere. Sphingopyxis alaskensis was isolated as a numerically abundant bacterium from several cold marine locations, and has been extensively studied as a model marine bacterium. Recently, a metabolic labelling platform was developed to comprehensively identify and quantify proteins from S. alaskensis. The approach incorporated data normalization and statistical validation for the purpose of generating highly confident quantitative proteomics data. Using this approach, we determined quantitative differences between cells grown at 10°C (low temperature) and 30°C (high temperature). Cold adaptation was linked to specific aspects of gene expression: a dedicated protein‐folding system using GroESL, DnaK, DnaJ, GrpE, SecB, ClpB and PPIase; polyhydroxyalkanoate‐associated storage materials; a link between enzymes in fatty acid metabolism and energy generation; de novo synthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the membrane and cell wall; inorganic phosphate ion transport by a phosphate import PstB homologue; TonB‐dependent receptor and bacterioferritin in iron homeostasis; histidine, tryptophan and proline amino acid metabolism; and a large number of proteins without annotated functions. This study provides a new level of understanding on how important marine bacteria can adapt to compete effectively in cold marine environments. This study is also a benchmark for comparative proteomic analyses with other important marine bacteria and other cold‐adapted organisms.
Risk management for fisheries
Authors: Sethi Suresh A 
Published: May 2010

AbstractRisk management methods provide means to address increasing complexity for successful fisheries management by systematically identifying and coping with risk. The objective of this study is to summarize risk management practices in use in fisheries and to present strategies that are not currently used but may be applicable. Available tools originate from a variety of disciplines and are as diverse as the risks they address, including algorithms to aid in making decisions with multiple stakeholders, reserves to buffer against economic or biological surprises, and insurance instruments to help fishermen cope with economic variability. Techniques are organized in a two‐stage framework. In the first stage, risks are identified and analysed. Strategies presented in this category focus on decision analysis, including multicriteria decision‐making tools, and the related concept of risk assessment. Then in the treatment stage, identified risks can be transferred, avoided, or retained using tools such as the Precautionary Approach, portfolio management, financial contracts to manage price risk and horizontal integration. Published fishery applications are reviewed, and some empirical examples of risks and risk management using US fisheries data are presented.
Enclosure: Palestinian Landscape in a “Not‐Too‐Distant Mirror”
Authors: FIELDS GARY 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis article develops an explanation for the fractured and partitioned landscape in Palestine by comparing it to the early modern enclosures in England, and framing this comparison within a theory of “territoriality.” Territoriality is a practice of power and refers to the efforts of individuals or groups to reorganize the economic life, politics, and culture of a place by reshaping landscape. The argument is that the Palestinian landscape is part of a long‐standing narrative in which groups with power seek to transform the economy, demography, and culture of territorial space through the time‐honored territorial practice of enclosing land. Enclosure consists of two basic instruments: alegalelement that redefines rights of property by reorganizing systems of use, access, and socio‐economic relations on the land; andarchitecturalelements that reshape the landscape itself. English estate owners and Israeli Zionists are parallel actor groups using law and the built environment to remake life on the landscape. Mobilizing the institutional power of property law and the material power of the built environment, these groups reorder land ownership, use, and circulation on the landscape in an effort to consolidate systems of control over subalterns and reorganize socio‐economic life and demography in a place. By exploring the contours of this pattern, this article seeks to uncover a more general meaning in the enclosure landscape of Palestine today.