bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Legal Education and Social Justice: Assessing the Impact on Law Students in a Law Clinic in Nigeria
Authors: Ajagunna Folakemi Olabisi , Byron Ibijoke 
Published: April 2024

One of the core missions of clinical legal education is to expose students to the legal needs of society while enhancing access to justice for indigent members of the community. This, the University of Ibadan Women’s Law Clinic (UI-WLC) does by offering pro bono legal aid to indigent women in the community who lack access to justice. In the process, law students are engaged in clinic experiences involving interaction with real clients and conduct of outreach programs for different target audiences within the community. Through these experiences, it is expected that professionalism, empathy, equality and and a sense of fairness is inculcated in the students. Students trained with these values ideally have a strong sense of what is just and fair, and are able to choose careers and lifestyles that support their immediate communities. Since its establishment, the UI-WLC has groomed over 960 law students; and currently has about 120 students spread over third, fourth and fifth year students, however, an assessment of the impact of social justice values which the clinic seeks to impart to the students through the training they receive at the clinic has not been carried out. This research seeks to achieve this aim through a mixed methods approach. Using a quota sampling method, 90 law graduates were identified and interviewed through self- administered pre-tested questionnaires and in-depth interview guides. Two sessions of focus group discussions were also conducted. Findings in this study revealed how participation in the UI-WLC through various activities and programs has had both positive and negative outcomes for the students. It also showed an aspect of group dynamics which has to be improved upon at the UI-WLC to better equip students to impact the society.
Evaluating the Academic Benefits of Clinical Legal Education: An Analysis of the Final Average Marks of Five Cohorts of LSBU LLB Graduating Students, 2011-2015
Authors: Unger Andy , Evans Catherine , Russell Alan , Bond Matthew 
Published: April 2024

This article seeks to contribute to the ongoing pedagogic debate about the aims and benefits of clinical legal education and to do so using a quantitative methodology.
It is the result of a collaborative project within the School of Law & Social Sciences at LSBU, researching whether placements in our Legal Advice Clinic have had any positive impact on Law students’ academic performance. We have analysed the academic results[1] of five cohorts of LLB full-time undergraduates, those graduating from 2011 to 2015,[2] to see whether students who volunteered in our Legal Advice Clinic achieved better grades than those who didn’t. Generally, they do. However, given the fact that places at the clinic are limited and recruitment is selective and to try and eliminate the possibility that the most academically successful students are the most likely to volunteer and be selected, we have controlled for first year average results. Even so, it appears that students who achieve similar grades in their first year are likely to get slightly better final grades, just under 2% better, if they volunteer in our Legal Advice Clinic in their second year.

[1] We would like to thank Dr Bond’s Post-graduate student, Joshua Freeman-Birch, who undertook the long hours of date entry to code the results of five cohorts of LLB law students results, to allow the research to be conducted.
[2] Unfortunately, writing up our research has taken longer than we hoped. Conducting the data analysis and the impact of COVID are the two main reasons.
Suppressed Ion Chromatographic Analysis of Anionic Macroelements in Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) Diversity Specific to North Maluku
Authors: Amin Muhammad , Liestianty Deasy , Ibrahim Abu Rahmat , Amin Nahdiah , Oktavia Budhi 
Published: April 2024

This study proposed an ion chromatography method for analyzing anionic macroelements (fluoride, chloride, nitrite, bromide, nitrate, sulfate, and phosphate), and applied it to nutmeg (<em>Myristica fragrans<em>)</em></em> diversity to explore the potential of nutmeg as an electrolyte. The analysis method was based on a suppressed conductivity system that simultaneously analyzed the anionic macroelements on Metrohm Supp A 250/4.0 column using 8.0 mM sodium carbonate (Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>) and 0.25 mM sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO<sub>3</sub>) as a mixture eluent. Excellent peak resolution and completed separation were achieved within 18 min when the flow rate of the detector was 0.8 mL/min. The peak height with calibration curves at 2.5 ‒ 30.0 mg/L concentration ranges was obtained for all anionic macroelements. All collected nutmeg samples were specific to North Maluku. Based on the standard samples used, the analysis results revealed that only four anionic macroelements (chloride, nitrate, sulfate, and phosphate) were found in the nutmeg samples, and the concentration of each anion (e.g., chloride ion, and so) was different for each type of nutmeg. The highest total of anionic macroelements concentration was found in the <em>Myristica succedanea</em> (1605.05 mg/kg) nutmeg sample,<em> </em>while <em>Myristica specioga</em> had the lowest (661.76 mg/kg). The method was validated regarding the detection limit (LOD) and reproducibility.
Effectiveness and Satisfaction of Virtual Dissection on Medical Students: Randomized Controlled Trials Compared to Cadaver Dissection
Authors: Yun Young Hyun , Kwon Hyeok Yi , Jeon Su Kyoung , Jon Yu Mi , Park Min Jung , Shin Dong Hoon , Choi Hyung Jin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Recent technological advancements have revolutionized medical education, leading to a decline in traditional cadaver dissection. This study aims to investigate the academic performance and satisfaction of students by comparing the effectiveness of virtual and cadaver dissections. This study involved 154 first-year medical students who participated in Human Anatomy and Neuroanatomy laboratories. A curriculum using head-mounted displays (HMDs), life-sized touchscreens, and tablets, was developed. Through crossover randomized controlled trials, students were randomly assigned to virtual (virtual dissection à cadaver dissection) or cadaver (cadaver dissection à virtual dissection) groups. Data collected evaluated academic performance and student satisfaction through quizzes and surveys.In the Human Anatomy laboratory, the cadaver group for each class differed in heart extraction, dissection, and observation. In observation class, the virtual group had a significantly higher quiz score than the cadaver group. In other classes, no significant differences were observed. Compared to the cadaver, satisfaction was significantly higher for HMD (esthetics and immersion), life-size touchscreen (esthetics, understanding of the concept, and spatial ability), and tablets (esthetics, understanding of the concept, spatial ability, and continuous use intention). In the Neuroanatomy laboratory, the virtual group showed significantly higher quiz scores than the cadaver group. Compared to using cadavers, tablets showed a significantly higher satisfaction for esthetics, understanding of the concept, and spatial ability. These findings indicate that virtual dissection can supplement or replace cadaver dissections in medical education. This study is innovative in that it successfully delivered scenario-based virtual content and validated the efficacy in academic performance and satisfaction when using virtual devices compared to handling cadavers.Trial registration:This research has been registered in the Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS, https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search/detailSearch.do?search_lang=E&focus=reset_12&search_page=L&pageSize=10&page=undefined&seq=26002&status=5&seq_group=26002) with registration number "KCT0009075" and registration date "27/12/2023".
Seismic oolitic beach identification using a hybrid signed pressure force active contour model in the Northeastern Sichuan Basin, China
Authors: Li Siyao , Huang Xuri , Tang Shuhang , Wu Guanghui , Feng Liang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Oolitic beach in Triassic Feixianguan formation is one of the majority reservoirs in the Northeastern Sichuan Basin. The precise delineation of the oolitic beach distribution using seismic data is important for characterizing the potential of gas reservoirs. Current identification workflow requires manually interpretation using seismic attributes, which is interpreter dependent and labor consuming. We propose an automatic oolitic beach identification method based on Signed Pressure Force Active Contour Model (SPFACM). To corporate with the seismic attributes, we modify SPFACM by adding an extra signed pressure force driven by the automatic threshold constraint and name it hybrid signed pressure force active contour model (HSPFACM). The automatic threshold value is defined by the maximum change of inner region variance, which approximates the outline of oolitic beaches, enhancing the stability and effectiveness of HSPFACM. We test the proposed method using field data in Northeastern Sichuan Basin. The study shows that the most sensitive attribute to characterize oolitic beach is the maximum peak amplitude, and the HSPFACM can effectively identify the oolitic beaches using this attribute. The well log interpretation shows that our identification result agrees with the locations of gas reservoirs. The accuracy of our method outperforms three state of art ACMs. The segmentation result shows that the oolitic beaches predominantly developed within the sea trough, and their occurrence decreases towards the platform margin, which agrees with the geological understanding.
Integration of Smart Insoles for Gait Assessment in Exoskeleton-assisted Rehabilitation
Authors: D'Arco Luigi , Wang Haiying , Zheng Huiru 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

A robotic exoskeleton enables individuals with limited or no mobility to engage in moderate exercises, promoting physical fitness and overall well-being. Exoskeletons, however, do not provide insights into gait patterns monitoring and analysis over time. This study proposes the integration of smart insoles as a cost-effective and non-invasive assistant for gait assessment in exoskeleton-assisted rehabilitation. The study, spanning 12 weeks, comprised three assessment sessions involving a total of 10 participants, including three healthy individuals, one stroke, one spinal cord injury, one traumatic brain injury, and four multiple sclerosis subjects. Gait phases were identified using a Finite State Machine with transitions guided by the predictions of a fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm. Kinematic and kinetic analyses highlighted disparities in stride time, cadence, stance time, and the trajectories of the centre of pressure. Despite these differences, individuals with multiple sclerosis showed no statistical differences from healthy subjects, underscoring the influence of the exoskeleton even in the absence of lower limb power. An analysis of acceptability demonstrated that participants found the smart insoles comfortable and expressed a willingness to employ them for future rehabilitation purposes. In conclusion, smart insoles can provide additional insights about users' gait compared to exoskeletons alone, allowing the progress of individuals involved in rehabilitation to be assessed over time, and helping clinicians to develop tailored rehabilitation plans.
Synthesis and characterization of acid-treated melem and graphitic carbon nitride catalysts for biodiesel production
Authors: Kim Sung Eun , Kim Deok Keun , Lee Kwan-Young , Kim Hak Joo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Conventional homogeneous catalysts exhibit rapid reaction kinetics and affordability but face challenges including the cumbersome separation of catalysts, product purification complexities, and the generation of wastewater. In response, acid-treated melem and graphitic carbon nitride catalysts have been explored as heterogeneous alternatives for the esterification of oleic acid. Melamine, characterized by its repeating C-N bonds, is synthesized via thermal polymerization, began to condensed into melem and leading to further condensation into carbon nitride. The unique graphitic structure and nitrogen content confer upon carbon nitride enhanced chemical and thermal stability, as well as the potential for chemical modifications. In this investigation, oxygen-containing functional groups were introduced to the carbon nitride framework through a singular acid treatment coupled with sonication. The resulting catalysts were comprehensively characterized employing X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and temperature-programmed desorption/mass spectroscopy (NH3-TPD/MS).
Association of MTHFR C677T with Obesity in Human Female Population
Authors: Rani Rakhshanda , Irfan Muhammad 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Obesity, characterized by an increase in body mass index (BMI), is recognized as a substantial contributor to chronic diseases. South Asian countries including Pakistan are experiencing a rise in obesity rates. Various research works have established association between metabolic disorders, such as obesity, and specific genetic variations known as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis plays a crucial role in regulating metabolic processes within the human body. Dysfunction at any level of this axis hierarchy can result in metabolic disorders such as obesity. This study aims to investigate the potential link between a particular SNP in the MTHFR gene and obesity (measured by BMI) specifically in female individuals.
Methods
This study enrolled both obese and non-obese females who were attending hospitals in Islamabad and Rawalpindi. Information regarding socio-demographic details, physical health status, and lifestyle factors was gathered through a standardized questionnaire. Blood samples were collected for DNA extraction using the conventional phenol-chloroform method. Specific primers were designed and optimized for the target gene. PCR-amplified products were then digested using a specific restriction enzyme to identify polymorphisms. The resulting fragments were separated by electrophoresis on agarose gel stained with ethidium bromide, and UV transillumination was used to visualize the results. Allele frequencies of the C to T polymorphism were determined by counting the alleles from gel electrophoresis analysis. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium of the alleles in the population was assessed using chi-square analysis. Logistic regression analysis, adjusted for confounding factors such as age and socioeconomic characteristics, was employed to evaluate the association between the polymorphism and BMI. Statistical significance was defined as a p-value of < 0.05.
Results
“We found no relation between the MTHFR C677T and obesity in women.”
Conclusion
we did not find any relationship of Mthfr C677T with obesity in human females. Some other factors such as lifestyle and eating habits along with genetics are responsible for obesity.
In-Depth Analysis of a Solar Panel Performance: Efficiency and Productivity Methods Examination Based on Numerical Model and Emotional Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Basem Ali , Opakhai Serikzhan , Elbarbary Zakaria Mohamed Salem , Atamurotov Farruh , Benti Natei Ermias 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

This article presents an analysis and evaluation of the performance of a standard 200 W solar cell, with a particular emphasis on the energy and exergy aspects of the cell. A numerical model and a novel machine-learning model (Emotional Artificial Neural Network) were employed to simulate and ascertain the electrical characteristics of the system, encompassing the open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, system resistances, maximum power point characteristics, and characteristic curves. A novel approach has yielded mathematical equations capable of calculating efficiency levels. The system's operational and electrical parameters, along with environmental conditions such as solar radiation, wind speed, and ambient temperature, were empirically observed and documented during a day. A comparative analysis was conducted to validate the model by comparing its results with the data provided by the manufacturer and the data gathered through experimental means. During the duration of the trial, spanning from 7:00 to 17:00, the results indicate that the energy efficiency rate exhibited variations within a range of 10.34 to 14.00 percent. The average energy efficiency assessed throughout this time period was found to be 13.6 percent. During the duration of the experiment, the degree of exergy efficiency exhibited variability, ranging from 13.57 to 16.41 percent, with an average value of 15.70 percent. Furthermore, the results of the EANN model indicate that the suggested method to forecasting energy, exergy, and power is feasible for simulating problems at a reduced computational expense compared to the numerical model.
Chemical profiling and effects of extracts from Laminaria japonica and Ulva prolifera on rooting and seedling development of common bean
Authors: Ribeiro César Freitas , Costa Geovanna de Oliveira , Cardoso Flávia Kauduinski , Santos Alessandro Antônio dos , De Freitas Mateus Brusco , Sandjo Louis Pergaud , Stadnik Marciel João 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Seaweed extracts contain a high content of diverse bioactive compounds that can stimulate growth and metabolism of plants. Thus, this study aimed to perform the chemical characterization of Laminaria japonica (LLE) and Ulva prolifera (ULE) liquid extracts and to assay their impact on seed germination and seedling development of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) identified 10 and 17 chemical compounds in liquid extracts L. japonica and U. prolifera, respectively. Soaking common bean seeds with LLE or ULE increased the germination and seedling vigour. Both seaweed treatments also resulted in increased rooting, fresh weight, and length of roots and shoots in common bean seedlings. Soaking common bean seeds with LLE or ULE modified the protein, carbohydrate, and amino acid content of common bean roots and shoots, as well as the α-amylase activity in roots. Sugars (mannitol and sucrose), organic acids (malic acid), and amino acids found in both seaweed extracts may exert effects on common bean seeds and seedlings, particularly on root development. Additionally, gibberellin, which is also found in ULE, could play a role in these effects. These results accurately describe the biochemical compounds present in two seaweed biostimulants and their effects on common bean seeds and plants.
Facies distribution, paleoenvironment and hydrocarbon potential of Kanawa Member of Pindiga Formation, Gongola Basin, Northern Benue Trough, Nigeria
Authors: Hamis Muhammad Bello , Yandoka Babangida M. Sarki , Usman Musa Bappah 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The Gongola sub-basin is a frontier inland sedimentary basin which consists of Cretaceous to Tertiary sediments, believed to have been deposited in continental to coastal shallow marine complex. The Kanawa Member of Pindiga Formation is a sequence of limestone and shale. Sedimentology, facies analysis, biostratigraphy, thermal maturity assessment and kerogen typing was conducted on these strata with an objective of determining the paleoenvironment, age, and hydrocarbon potential. The sediments consist of mainly wackestone and packestone facies, shallow marine foraminiferal which suggestthat the Kanawa Member was deposited in coastal-shallow marine setting, preferably ramp facies succession under low-energy condition. the presence of Ammobaculites subcretacea, Haplophragmoides bauchensis, Haplophragmoides pindigensis, Haplophragmoides excavata, Ammobaulites pindigensis, Ammobaculites bauchensis, Ammobaculites gombensis, Ammobaculites benuensis Ammoastuta nigeriana, Reophax guineana and Miliammina pindigensis foraminiferal assemblages, indicating Late Cretaceous age. Hydrocarbon potential is interpreted to be gas prone although, minor oil could be expected. These correspond to temperature range (TAI values) of 60 to 75 indicating thermally matured for both oil and gas generation.
Delayed drug-induced catatonia in an adolescent girl – clinical implications: A case report
Authors: Winerdal Max , Skordas Konstantinos , Lidehäll Anna Karin , Wilhelmsdotter Carin , Strömbergsson Helena 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background: Catatonia is a potential lethal condition, that has been rarely described in children and adolescents. Due to the severity and rarity of the condition, there are no randomized controlled trials investigating pharmaceutical treatment options. Clinicians therefore rely mainly on clinical practice and case reports.
Case Presentation: 17-year athletic girl with no previous contact with child- and adolescent
psychiatry, nor any previous drug abuse. Falling ill with confusion and mydriasis after a trip
with peers where the patient used mephedrone as recreational drug. Deteriorating condition with waxy, stiff movements and immobilization. The patient was after a few weeks care diagnosed with catatonia. When the condition was confirmed with lorazepam test, treatment with a high dosage of lorazepam in combination with mementin and lithum was initiated. This resulted in a regression of the symptoms. After six weeks the patient could be discharged from the hospital almost fully recovered.
Conclusions: It may be difficult to recognize the symptoms of catatonia. There may be a delayed onset of catatonic symptoms after intake of drugs. It is safe to use mementin as an adjuvant to the treatment of catatonia.
“Exploration and Optimization of Colletorichum lini Isolate KUMBASBT-16 for Pigment Synthesis and Appraisal of its Pigment Metabolites and their Bio-Efficacy”
Authors: Subhakar Akarsh , Gurubasajar Nandish , Veeranna Sowmya Hirakannavar , Dadayya Manjunatha , Basaiah Thippeswamy 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Researchers have been exploring the use of natural colorants, particularly from filamentous fungi, to combat the carcinogenicity of synthetic dyes. The current research focused on the isolation, screening, characterization, and optimization of Colletorichum lini isolate KUMBASBT-16 for pigment production and evaluating its antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer potential. The C. lini isolate KUMBASBT-16 was deposited at GenBank, NCBI (Accession No. MT994640). The desirable physico-chemical parameters for the fungus C. lini to produce maximum biomass and pigment were recorded as temperature 25°C, pH 7, carbon source: sucrose (2% W/V), nitrogen source: yeast extract (1% W/V), mineral salt: potassium phosphate (0.05% W/V) and amino acid: asparagine (0.5% W/V). The UV-Vis analysis exhibited the λmax at 390nm, FT-IR analysis transmits the frequency of different functional groups and OHR-LC/MS analysis divulges the presence of yellow-colored endogenous metabolites comprises L-pyroglutamacin, methyl-1,4-benzoquinone, and 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-1-piperidinol. C. lini pigment exhibited significant antimicrobial activity by inhibiting all test bacterial pathogens. Enterococcus faecalis, with an inhibition zone of 20.96 ± 0.15mm being the most susceptible. The MIC value ranged from 0.75×103 to 1.25×103µg/mL. The pigment of C. lini displayed remarkable antioxidant efficacy, i.e., DPPH+ (IC50 338.46µg/mL), ABTS•+ (IC50 117.67µg/mL), FRAP ranging from 0.251 to 2.985 and total antioxidant potential ranging from 0.078 to 1.64. C. lini pigment affects the viability of HepG2 (IC50 136.41µg/mL) and A498 (IC50 Value 138.71µg/mL) and is non-toxic to HEK-293 normal cells. The findings suggest that C. lini isolate KUMBASBT-16 can be exploited for industrial applications, potentially benefiting the pharmaceutical, food, and textile industries in the future.