bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Los Angeles Basin, an international model for pollution reduction, still has far to go to clear the air
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2011

Joe Cassmassi, chief meteorologist for California's South Coast Air Quality Monitoring District (AQMD), calls them the “Jethro Bodine” oddball ideas for cleansing the region of smog. Bodine was the dim‐witted nephew on the popular 1960s television show, “The Beverly Hillbillies.rdquo;This handful of grandiose and exorbitant schemes—dreamed up decades ago when the Los Angeles Basin, or South Coast, was thick with smog and desperate to take action—took aim at “correcting” the basin's pollution‐trapping topography and climate.
Analysts examine implications of U.S. Senate defeat of Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2011

The U.S. Senate's October 14 vote against the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) came in the wake of the October 12 military coup in Pakistan—the first‐ever coup in a nuclear state. Shortly beforehand, representatives from 92 nations attending an October 6–8 conference in Vienna, Austria, had urged laggards to speed their ratification of the CTBT On October 6, AGU and the Seismological Society of America (SSA) issued a joint position statement expressing confidence that the combined worldwide nuclear test monitoring resources, when implemented, would meet the verification goals of the CTBT.In the aftermath of the Senate vote, politicians and analysts are examining the potential fallout from that action, including the international reaction, the possibility of achieving the accord's goal of halting the proliferation and testing of nuclear weapons, and the future of the treaty itself.
Himalaya and Tibet: Mountain Roots to Mountain Tops, Geological Society of America, Special Paper 328
Authors: Ryerson F. J. 
Published: October 2011

After the ocean basins, the next thing that might catch the eye of approaching aliens as they invade the Earth could very well be the Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau. Standing at an average elevation of close to 5000 m is a topographic anomaly whose extent has probably not been approached in at least the last billion years of Earth history.The Indo‐Asian collision provides geoscientists with a unique record of the process of continent‐continent collision and uplift extending from its onset over 50 million years ago to that which is occurring along the boundaries of the plateau today The deeply eroded regions within the Alpine Himalaya provide an opportunity to view the mid‐ and lower‐crustal processes associated with the collision and resultant crustal thickening, and also to preserve excellent records of the pre‐collision history.
U.S. Congress considers exploration of the sea act
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2011

With dozens of recent reports on the need to better understand and protect the world's oceans, and a national oceans conference held last year, oceans are receiving an increasing amount of attention. But that focus needs to translate into action, say some scientists and policy makers.One of the most recent ocean research initiatives is legislation before the U.S. Congress that calls for the Commerce Department to contract with the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) to establish an advisory panel on the feasibility and social value of a coordinated international oceanography program.The panel would include experts in oceanography, marine geology, marine biology, and other fields.
Mexico‐U.S. Ocean Science Cooperation
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2011

Mexico and the United States should take measures to work more closely on a wide range of ocean research issues, and Mexico should provide more support for ocean science activities and joint research, according to an October 26 report prepared by a joint committee of the US. National Research Council (NRC) and the Academia Mexicana de Ciencias.“At present, the lack of an institutional focus for ocean sciences in Mexico hinders cooperation between the nations,” states the report, “Building Ocean Science Partnerships: The United States and Mexico Working Together” “The Mexican federal government should examine the merits of creating an agency responsible for marine affairs and ocean information services, including ocean sciences and technology either as a new agency or placed within an existing one.”
NASA reports findings on Martian mission mishap
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2011

NASAs Climate Orbiter and Polar Lander were meant to work as a team, with the Polar Lander relaying data to the Earth via the Orbiter.That scenario was altered dramatically when the $125 million Orbiter was apparently destroyed when it approached Mars too closely on September 23. With the Polar Lander scheduled to touch down on the planet on December 3, NASA ordered several reports to investigate the incident and provide some assurance that the mistakes of the Climate Orbiter mission will not be repeated.On November 10, a NASA review panel—the Mars Climate Orbiter Mission Failure Investigation Board—confirmed earlier reports that the initial error that led to the crash was a technician's failure to convert English measurement units into metric units.
Picture perfect moon shots
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2011

The images are out of this world, mostly A collection of 129 shots from NASA's Apollo missions—with several from the Gemini missions, selected for a photo sequence of a spacewalk—are incorporated into a book, “Full Moon” (Knopf, 1999) by photographic artist Michael Light. Fifty‐one of these images hang in the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (SFMOMA) through January 11,2000.For those attending the AGU Fall Meeting in December in San Francisco, this stunning exhibit offers a chance to take a deeper look at one of the most remarkable scientific missions of the 20th century.
Extend your commitment to AGU
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Voluntary contributions are essential for AGU to maintain and enhance its many innovative programs. In addition to unrestricted contributions to AGU, up to half of your Supporting Member contribution may be designated to one or more of the special funds. One such group of funds are the Section Funds.The Section Funds were established by the Council to support special Section activities. The Hydrology Section has used some of its funds to tape Langbein Lectures given by Wilfried Brutsaert, Shlomo Neuman,and Mark Meier, and to produce videotape interviews with John Philip, Terrence O'Donnell, James C. I. Dooge, David Dawdy Mark Meier, Gilbert White, Stanley Davis, and Peter Eagleson. Other Sections have used their funds to subsidize tickets for the Best Student Paper awardees to attend the Section luncheon at the Fall and Spring Meetings, give partial travel support to other Bowie lecturers, and give partial travel support to luncheon speakers. More information is available online at http://www.agu.org/inside/supportmember_top.html.
Water cycle study group town hall meeting
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2011

The development of a global water cycle initiative for fiscal year 2000 and beyond is the topic of a “town hall” meeting to be held during the AGU Fall Meeting in San Francisco on Monday December 13, from 5:30 p.m.–7:00 p.m.The meeting will be conducted by a water cycle study group appointed by the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP).The group's charge is to “formulate a research strategy and scientific plan for investigating the global water cycle, its role in climate, and the fundamental processes that govern the availability and the biogeochemistry of water resources, [and to] develop the strategy and science plan for a national program.”
In Memoriam
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

D. K. Bailey died on August 27, 1999, at age 83. He was a retired life member (SPA‐Aeronomy) who joined in 1958.Richard G. Grassy died at age 89. He was a retired life member (Volcanology, Geochemistry, and Petrology) who joined in 1942.
Adrift at the pole
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2011

Far from any land masses or observing stations, the North Pole has been a difficult area for scientists to obtain longterm measurements of temperature and other variables.In April, though, an international scientific team is heading north to lay the groundwork for a 5‐year project to take the pulse of the Arctic Ocean and learn how the world's northernmost sea helps to regulate global climate.
In Memoriam
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

William T. Holser died on December 25, 1999, at age 79. He was a Fellow and member (Volcanology, Geochemistry, and Petrology) since 1986.Tsuyoshi Kohno died in June 1999, at age 56. He was a member (SPA‐Solar and Heliospheric Physics) who joined in 1977.
AFS program on climate and fisheries
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The American Fisheries Society (AFS), together with the National Sea Grant College Program Office (NSGO), National Marine Fisheries Service, AGU, and other co‐sponsors have developed a program to benchmark scientific understanding of climatic influences on fish and fishery dynamics.The 2.5‐year program will consist of symposia, workshops, published proceedings, a “Climate and Fisheries” Web site, and reports on information needs and policy issues.An 18‐month fellowship is an integral part of the program. The fellow, with guidance from a steering committee, will organize an international symposium, in conjunction with the AFS2001 Annual Meeting, to address climatological impacts on living aquatic resources. The closing date for applications is June 1, 2000.
Report warns of NEO impact threat
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2011

Stating that potential Near Earth Object (NEOs) impacts to the Earth “represent a significant risk to human and other forms of life,” a new study prepared for the United Kingdom's Ministry of Science urges national and international steps to improve knowledge about these objects and the confirmation of potential hazards, and to consider issues such as disaster management, mitigation including possible deflection of objects, and outreach to the general public.“Means now exist to mitigate the consequences of such impacts to the human species,“ notes the September 18 report of the Task Force on Potentially Hazardous Near Earth Objects.
Magmatism and Geodynamics: Terrestrial Magmatism Throughout the Earth's History
Authors: Koster van Groos August F. 
Published: October 2011

Magmatism and Geodynamics presents a comprehensive review of the origin of magmas and their relation to geodynamic processes through the Earth's history by O.A. Bogatikov and three of his colleagues, V I. Kovalenko, E. V Shakov, and V.V.Yarmolyuk, from the Institute of Ore Deposits, Petrology, Mineralogy, and Geochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The work presents a global view of magmatism and its geodynamic setting through geologic time, and is based primarily on Russian literature, although the authors have added an appropriate discussion of non‐Russian studies.The principal question the authors address is whether, and to what extent, the geochemical and tectonic setting of magmatism has changed during geologic time. This is a difficult task, because even at the present, no clear and detailed consensus has been established for the geochemical and structural setting of many igneous events. The authors are successful in illustrating significant changes in the structural environment of magmatism during the Earth's history although many of their conclusions represent a highly personal view and are more conjectural than based on solid evidence. Perhaps the most valuable asset of the book, therefore, is that it provides a rich and extensive review, although somewhat dated, of Russian petrologic literature not previously available in English.
FLUXNET Evaluates “Breathing patterns” of diverse ecosystems
Authors: Gu Lianhong , Baldocchi Dennis , Kiang Nancy 
Published: October 2011

Despite the diversity of the Earth's terrestrial ecosystems in structure and function, all obey similar biophysical and meteorological principles in their exchange of carbon dioxide, water, and energy with the overlying atmosphere. This conclusion was drawn from new data presented by Earth, atmospheric,and ecological scientists attending a recent workshop on the global flux network (FLUXNET) project.The FLUXNET project, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, consolidates existing regional networks of research sites around the world that measure fluxes of carbon dioxide, water vapor, and energy between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere.These sites directly measure net ecosystem exchange (NEE) using a micro‐meteorological technique known as the eddy covariance method. The information collected is used to generate and validate algorithms that will be used by the Earth Observing System (EOS) satellites to compute net primary productivity at the global scale. The data collected through FLUXNET will also help explain how carbon, water, and nutrient cycles of terrestrial ecosystems respond to global environmental and climate change.
Pre‐Mesozoic Ice Ages: Their Bearing on Understanding the Climate System
Authors: Crowley Thomas J. 
Published: October 2011

It is a pleasure to read a book that summarizes a well‐respected scientist's lifetime experience with a subject. In this particular case the subject involves pre‐Mesozoic glaciations, and the author, John Crowell, has played a key role over the last few decades in both fundamental research and synthesizing our understanding of this interesting and important topic.Crowell's book, which is a monograph in the true sense of the word, summarizes in considerable detail the various types of geologic evidence for glaciations in the Late Paleozoic (256–338 Ma), Late Devonian‐Early Carboniferous (353–363 Ma), Late Ordovician‐Early Silurian (429–445 Ma), Early Cambrian/Neoproterozoic (∼520–950 Ma), Early Proterozoic (2200–2400 Ma), and the earliest glaciation recognized so far, in the Archean of South Africa (∼2950 Ma). There is also a brief but valuable discussion of the nature of evidence for cooling in the Cretaceous.
NASA creates global archive of ortho‐rectified Landsat data
Authors: Kalluri Satya , Grant Denelle , Tucker Compton , Policelli Fritz , Dykstra Jon , Bearden Phil 
Published: October 2011

High spatial resolution imagery from the Landsat satellites has provided us with the longest record of terrestrial observations since 1972. Recognizing the need to provide high‐resolution satellite data to the scientific community, NASA's Commercial Remote Sensing Program Office has been working to assemble the first wall‐to‐wall global coverage of ortho‐rectified Landsat Thematic Mapper and Multi Spectral Scanner data to support scientific studies. This database is expected to be of great value to researchers studying a variety of problems.The need for high‐resolution data sets arises from the low spatial autocorrelation of land surface properties [Townshend and Justice, 1988; Townshend and Justice, 1990]. Even in areas with near‐natural land cover, spatial variability can exist at the finest scales due to local terrain variability and associated microclimatic influences on vegetation types and associations. Human‐induced changes, such as deforestation, are the source of many of the finest‐scale alterations and can significantly drive global change. Currently, we have very poor data on where land cover is being changed, what changes are occurring, and the land cover properties of the altered land [Townshend et al., 1991].
Asian students excel in science testing
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2011

Asian countries claimed four of the five top spots in science achievement for eighth grade students, according to a December 5 report on the Third International Mathematics and Science Study ‐ Repeat (TIMSS‐R). The top five are: Chinese Taipei, Singapore, Hungary, Japan, and the Republic of Korea.In mathematics, Asian countries scored a clean sweep. The top five are: Singapore, the Republic of Korea, Chinese Taipei, Hong Kong SAR,and Japan.
North Pacific subduction process research benefits from new initiatives
Authors: Larsen Jessica F. , Freymueller Jeffrey , Dehn Jonathan , Gordeev Eugenii 
Published: October 2011

The North Pacific is ringed by a convergent boundary that is segmented into active volcanic arcs that stretch from Japan through the Kuriles and Kamchatka to the Aleutians and mainland Alaska. The abundant volcanic eruptions and earthquakes and the complex tectonic problems offer an unparalleled opportunity to study arc processes.The North Pacific subduction zones are large, spanning three nations, and the solid Earth problems are widely varied. Studying arc processes in this region requires strong international collaborations across the different scientific disciplines, and a recent international workshop generated recommendations that will facilitate such research. International student and researcher exchange programs, accessible archives of geodetic data, and identification of key scientific problems will help remove the barriers to research imposed by international boundaries and the size and remoteness of the region.
Asteroids: A History
Authors: Britt Dan 
Published: October 2011

I finished reading Curtis Peebles' book Asteroids: A History with mixed emotions, but overall I was very disappointed. I enjoyed, with some reservations, the first few chapters, which describe the early days of asteroid astronomy. One thing that makes asteroid science enjoyable today is the rich collection of interesting and eccentric characters that share this profession.The 19th and early 20th centuries were no different. The story of these dedicated and sometimes strange individuals makes for lively reading. There was Hermann Goldschmidt, a German‐born artist living over the Café Procope in Paris. In 1852, he caught the asteroid bug after attending a public lecture on astronomy, bought a telescope, and over the next 9 years discovered 14 asteroids by observing out of his apartment window with a 2‐inch telescope! In those days, before astronomical photography, observers searched for asteroids by hand‐drawing the starfield as seen through the telescope and then comparing it with another hand‐drawn starfield done hours or nights later. Keen eyesight, steady hands, and the ability to draw accurately in the dark—and cold—were major advantages.
Integrated data on key river basins
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2011

A new reference tool provides the most comprehensive data base of 154 of the world's river basins and sub‐basins; representing those that cover most of Earth's land surface. It lists indicators and variables for each of these basins and, where appropriate, provides links and references to additional, relevant information.The “Watersheds of the World” compact disk and Web site was released on 18 March by the World Conservation Union (IUCN). The resource provides information on land cover and land use; population density; basin indicators, including degree of river fragmentation and number of dams; and biodiversity information. It also contains 20 global maps portraying critical water resources issues.
Carbon entrapment field testing
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2011

The U.S. Department of Energy currently is field‐testing geologic sequestration of carbon dioxide, to determine whether this technique could be a viable option in the “tool kit” of the Bush administration's Climate Change Initiative.In the first major field experiment to entrap carbon gases in the United States, researchers are monitoring the movement of a plume of about 2,100 tons of carbon dioxide that the agency purposely injected into an underground geologic formation near Hobbs, New Mexico. The amount injected is comparable to the daily emission from an average‐sized coalfired power plant.
Hurricane season could be active
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2011

Storm activity during the 2003 Atlantic hurricane season likely will be above average, the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration noted on 19 May.The outlook could include 11 to 15 tropical storms, as well as 6 to 9 hurricanes, of which 2 to 4 could be classified as major hurricanes rated as category 3 or higher on the Saffir‐Simpson Hurricane Scale.
WMO sets priorities
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2011

The fourteenth World Meteorological Congress, which met in Geneva, Switzerland on 5–24 May, has adopted a new, 4‐year plan for the World Meteorological Organization, which includes a major program on natural disaster prevention and mitigation, WMO announced on 24 May.The aim of the program is to enhance international cooperation and collaboration in the field of natural disaster activities. In initiating the program, WMO recognized that nearly 80% of the loss of life from natural disasters are of meteorological or hydrological origin.
Asian dust storms' intensity, scale grow
Authors: Jacobs Judith 
Published: October 2011

Large‐scale, destructive dust and sand storms that originate in the dry regions of northern China and Mongolia are plaguing the Korean peninsula, Japan, and other parts of northeast Asia nearly five times more frequently than in the 1950s, participants in a meeting sponsored by the U.N. Environment Programme (UNEP) learned on 30 March.Korean scientists at the meeting said they are concerned that the sand and dust are binding with man‐made airborne pollutants such as soot to form atmospheric “brown clouds.”
IODP update
Authors: Jacobs Judy 
Published: October 2011

In the past 10 weeks there has been a flurry of activity among the various partner organizations and other entities that will be involved in the Integrated Ocean Drilling ProgramOn 22 April, the US. National Science Foundation—representing the United States—and the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sport, Science, and Technology (MEXT)—representing Japan—signed a memorandum of understanding at the headquarters of the National Science Foundation in Arlington,Virginia, to formalize their commitments to the project. The NSF and MEXT are the two lead agencies for the 10‐year IODP
Inquiry into Beagle 2
Authors: Jacobs Judith 
Published: October 2011

A commission of inquiry into the failure of the Beagle 2 Mars lander last December, led by the inspector general of the European Space Agency, released its findings on 24 May. Because the inquiry is not considered public, not all of its deliberations were released. However, the commission did release its list of “lessons learned” and recommendations to avoid future failures of this type.In general, the commission attributed the failure to “a collective institutional underestimate” by the partner institutions “of the corresponding means to identify and mitigate [the] risks” of such a complex venture. More specifically, it referred to the very tight time schedule within which the Mars lander had to be developed, and also to “tight budget constraints.”
Climate change and inuits
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2011

The Inuit Circumpolar Conference will seek a declaration from the Inter‐American Commission on Human Rights that emissions of greenhouse gases, which the conference says, are destroying the Inuit way of life, are a violation of human rights, conference chair Sheila Watt‐Cloutier announced on 15 December.Her announcement comes shortly after the mid‐November release of the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment, a scientific study by an international team of 300 scientists. That assessment noted, “The Arctic is now experiencing some of the most rapid and severe climate change on Earth. Over the next 100 years, climate change is expected to accelerate, contributing to major physical, ecological, social, and economic changes, many of which have already begun. Changes in Arctic climate will also affect the rest of the world through increased global warming and rising sea levels.”