bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensor network localization using kernel spectral regression
Authors: Wang Chengqun , Chen Jiming , Sun Youxian 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis paper addresses the localization problem in wireless sensor networks using signal strength. We use a kernel function to measure the similarities between sensor nodes. The kernel matrix can be naturally defined in terms of the signal strength matrix. We show that the relative locations of sensor nodes can be obtained by solving a dimension reduction problem. To capture the structure of the whole network, we use the kernel spectral regression (KSR) method to estimate the relative locations of the sensor nodes. Given sufficient anchor nodes, the relative locations can be aligned to global locations. The key benefits of adopting KSR are that it allows us to define a graph to optimally preserve the topological structure of the sensor network, and a kernel function can capture the nonlinear relationship in the signal space. Simulation results show that we can achieve small average location error with a small number of anchors. We also compare our method with several related methods, and the results show that KSR is more efficient than the others in our simulated sensor networks. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accelerated failure time (AFT) modeling for the development and survival of Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko)
Authors: Ma Zhanshan (Sam) , Bechinski Edward John 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAccelerated failure time model (AFT) and Cox's proportional hazards model (PHM) are considered the two most significant models in survival analysis, which has become a de facto standard for biomedical data analysis and modeling. AFT not only plays an extremely significant role in survival analysis but also finds extensive applications in engineering reliability. Survival analysis studies a special type of random variables: time‐to‐event (also known as failure time, lifetime or survival time) random variables. Examples of time‐to‐event random variables include survival times of patients in a clinical trial and failure times of machine components. Since molting and death times of insect individuals are also perfect examples of time‐to‐event random variables, we argue that survival analysis including AFT modeling is ideal for analyzing insect development and survival data, and further for building dynamic models of insect development and survival. Here we demonstrate such an application with data collected by observing stage‐to‐stage development and survival of 1,800 Russian wheat aphids (RWA), Diuraphis noxia, reared in laboratory growth chambers arranged in 25 treatments (each with 72 individuals). The main advantages of survival analysis, including the unified modeling of survival and development as well as handling of information censoring, are also discussed.
Continuous infusion of enzyme replacement therapy is inferior to weekly infusions in MPS I dogs
Authors: Passage M. B. , Krieger A. W. , Peinovich M. C. , Lester T. , Le S. Q. , Dickson P. I. , Kakkis E. D. 
Published: June 2009

SummaryIntravenous enzyme replacement therapy with recombinant human α‐l‐iduronidase (rhIDU) is used weekly to treat mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) I. We tested continuous administration of rhIDU at two dosing levels (0.58 mg/kg per week and 2 mg/kg per week) in MPS I dogs, and compared the efficacy of continuous infusion with the clinically used 0.58 mg/kg weekly three‐hour infusion. Peak plasma concentrations of rhIDU were much higher in weekly‐treated dogs (mean 256 units/ml) than steady‐state concentrations in dogs treated with continuous infusion (mean 1.97 units/ml at 0.58 mg/kg per week; 8.44 units/ml at 2 mg/kg per week). Dogs receiving continuous IV rhIDU, even at a higher (2 mg/kg per week) dose, had consistently lower iduronidase levels in tissues than dogs receiving a weekly (0.58 mg/kg per week) dose. GAG storage was also less improved by continuous intravenous infusion. Adverse events were similar in all dosing groups. We found that continuous administration of 2 mg/kg per week rhIDU to MPS I dogs was insufficient to achieve GAG storage reduction comparable to 0.58 mg/kg weekly dosing.
Persistent deep mechanical hyperalgesia induced by repeated cold stress in rats
Authors: Nasu Teruaki , Taguchi Toru , Mizumura Kazue 
Published: June 2009

AbstractChronic muscle pain of the neck, shoulder and low back is quite common and often related to a stressed condition. In this study we tried to make a model of long‐lasting muscle mechanical hyperalgesia based on one type of stress, repeated cold stress (RCS) (Kita T, Hata T, Yoneda R, Okage T. Stress state caused by alternation of rhythm in environmental temperature, and the functional disorders in mice and rats. Folia Pharmacol Jpn 1975;71:195–210). We first validated a method of measuring the muscle mechanical nociceptive threshold through skin, with surface anesthesia of the skin covering the muscle. We found that a pressure test using a Randall–Selitto analgesiometer equipped with a larger probe (φ 2.6 mm) can measure the deep mechanical withdrawal threshold even under the presence of cutaneous punctuate hyperalgesia. RCS was performed by changing the temperature from 22 °C to either 4 °C (RCS at 4 °C) or −3 °C (RCS at −3 °C) every 30 min, and then maintained at 4 °C/−3 °C from 17:30 to 10:00 the next day. RCS at 4 °C for 5 days induced bilateral deep mechanical hyperalgesia lasting 2–3 weeks without cutaneous punctuate hyperalgesia. Deep mechanical hyperalgesia observed after RCS at −3 °C lasted longer (∼6 weeks) and was severer than RCS at 4 °C. Bilateral cutaneous punctuate hyperalgesia was also observed with RCS at −3 °C. Intramuscular injection of lidocaine confirmed that the muscle was hyperalgesic. RCS might serve as a useful model for study of the mechanism of chronic muscle pain and its treatment.
Why do people give? The role of identity in giving
Authors: Aaker Jennifer L. , Akutsu Satoshi 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWhy do people give to others? One principal driver involves one's identity: who one is and how they view themselves. The degree to which identities are malleable, involve a readiness to act, and help make sense of the world have significant implications determining whether and how much people give. Drawing on the Identity‐Based Motivation model (IBM; Oyserman, D. (2009). Identity‐based motivation: Implications for action‐readiness, procedural‐readiness, and consumer behavior. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 19.), we provide a tripartite framework to help advance the research on the psychology of giving.
Long‐Term Results of Endolymphatic Mastoid Shunt Surgery in Patients with Intractable Ménière's Disease
Authors: Yu Myeong Sang , Lee Kwang‐Sun , Chung Jong Woo 
Published: June 2009

OBJECTIVETo evaluate changes in vertigo and hearing from patients with Ménière's disease managed by endolymphatic mastoid shunt (EMS).STUDY DESIGNCase series with chart review.SETTINGTertiary referral center.SUBJECTS AND METHODSData from 16 patients were analyzed using 1995 AAO–HNS criteria.RESULTSAmong 16 patients, six had class A vertigo control two years after treatment, five had class B, one class C, three class D, and one class F. At four years after surgery, seven patients had class A, four class B, three class C, and two class F. The mean functional level before surgery was 4.8 and improved to 2.9 and 2.6 at two years and four years after surgery, respectively. The bone conduction pure‐tone averages (four frequencies) were 43.3 before surgery and improved to 33.5 dB HL and 35.5 dB HL at three and six months after surgery, respectively. At two years of follow‐up, the hearing level was 38.6 dB HL and was not different from the preoperative hearing level. Two years after surgery, the hearing level gradually decreased and was 42.0 dB HL at five years of follow‐up.CONCLUSIONEMS appears to be beneficial in the short term for the symptomatic patients.
Oral supplementation of propionyl-l-carnitine reduces body weight and hyperinsulinaemia in obese Zucker rats
Authors: Mingorance Carmen , Gonzalez del Pozo Maria , Dolores Herrera Maria , Alvarez de Sotomayor Maria 
Published: June 2009

Propionyl-l-carnitine (PLC) is an SCFA esterified to carnitine that plays an important role in fatty acid oxidation and energy expenditure, in addition to having a protective effect on the endothelium. In order to evaluate the effect of PLC on an animal model of obesity, insulin resistance and, consequently, endothelial dysfunction, lean and obese Zucker rats (OZR) received either vehicle- or PLC-supplemented drinking water (200 mg/kg per d) for 20 weeks. Body weight, food intake, systolic blood pressure and heart rate were controlled weekly and an oral glucose tolerance test was performed. Fasting glucose, TAG, cholesterol, HDL, NEFA, adiponectin and insulin were analysed in serum. Visceral adipose tissue and liver were weighed and liver TAG liver composition was evaluated. Endothelial and vascular functions were assessed in the aorta and small mesenteric arteries by response to acetylcholine, sodium nitroprusside and phenylephrine (Phe); NO participation was evaluated after incubation with the NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) and endothelial NOS protein expression by Western blotting. PLC decreased body-weight gain, food intake, adiposity, insulin serum concentration and TAG liver content and improved insulin resistance. Aortae from OZR receiving either vehicle or PLC exhibited a lower contractile response to Phe. PLC-treated OZR showed an enhanced release of endothelial NO upon the adrenergic stimulation. The protection of vascular function found after treatment with PLC in an animal model of insulin resistance supports the necessity of clinical trials showing the effect of l-carnitine supplements on metabolic disorders.
Practical application of induced resistance to plant diseases: an appraisal of effectiveness under field conditions
Authors: WALTERS D. R. , FOUNTAINE J. M. 
Published: June 2009

SUMMARYPlants resist pathogen attack through a combination of constitutive and inducible defences. Different types of induced resistance have been defined based on differences in signalling pathways and spectra of effectiveness. Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) occurs in distal plant parts following localized infection by a necrotizing pathogen. It is controlled by a signalling pathway that depends upon the accumulation of salicylic acid (SA) and the regulatory protein NPR1. In contrast, induced systemic resistance (ISR) is promoted by selected strains of non-pathogenic plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). ISR functions independently of SA, but requires NPR1 and is regulated by jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET).Resistance can be induced by treatment with a variety of biotic and abiotic inducers. The resistance induced is broad spectrum and can be long-lasting, but is rarely complete, with most inducing agents providing between 0·20 and 0·85 disease control. In the field, expression of induced resistance is likely to be influenced by the environment, genotype, crop nutrition and the extent to which plants are already induced. Unfortunately, understanding of the impact of these influences on the expression of induced resistance is rudimentary. So too is understanding of how best to use induced resistance in practical crop protection. This situation will need to change if induced resistance is to fulfil its potential in crop protection.
Soil changes following long-term cultivation of pulses
Authors: GANESHAMURTHY A. N. 
Published: June 2009

SUMMARYStudies were conducted on Entisols to understand the effects of continuous pulse cultivation on soil chemical, physical and biological properties by comparing with continuous non-pulse crops and uncultivated soils. Soils of a Typic Ustochrept, developed from the same parent material, from 16-year-old pulse cultivation fields, non-pulse crop fields and uncultivated fallow fields in a location with uniform topography were analysed using a polyphasic approach combining traditional soil physical and chemical analysis, culture-dependent and independent microbiological analysis and enzymatic analysis. Among the soil physical properties, only soil aggregate stability and soil compaction showed significant improvement in soils under pulses than non-pulse crops. Compared to uncultivated fallows, the soil pH after pulse cultivation was about 1 unit lower while non-pulse crop cultivation reduced it by 0·36. The chemical and biological variables that contribute most to the discrimination of the pulses effect and non-pulse crops effect on soil quality are organic carbon (C), microbial biomass C, nitrogen (N) and biomass ninhydrin-N, and secondary variables related to N cycle:nitrate (NO3–N), organic and total soluble N. The enzyme activities were significantly higher in soils after pulse cultivation than after non-pulse crops or uncultivated fallow. The soil quality of pulse cultivation fields seems to be markedly different to that of non-pulse crop fields and uncultivated fallows in terms of all the variables studied.
Can the Cross-Sectional Variation in Expected Stock Returns Explain Momentum?
Authors: Bulkley George , Nawosah Vivekanand 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIt has been hypothesized that momentum might be rationally explained as a consequence of the cross-sectional variation of unconditional expected returns. Stocks with relatively high unconditional expected returns will on average outperform in both the portfolio formation period and in the subsequent holding period. We evaluate this explanation by first removing unconditional expected returns for each stock from raw returns and then testing for momentum in the resulting series. We measure the unconditional expected return on each stock as its mean return in the whole sample period. We find momentum effects vanish in demeaned returns.
The needle and the damage done: pericardial effusion with tamponade after needle ingestion in an infant
Authors: Fennessy B G , Rahbar R , Bunker N , Pigula F , Casta A 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjective:Paediatric foreign bodies may present with vague and nonspecific symptoms. It is important to have a high index of suspicion when managing such cases.Method:We report the case of a nine-month-old infant who presented with a wheeze, cough and fever following ingestion of a needle.Results:This patient developed pericardial tamponade as a consequence of the needle ingestion, and required a thoracotomy for retrieval. We discuss the pathophysiology involved and the surgery required.Conclusion:Pericardial tamponade is a rare but potentially fatal manifestation of an ingested foreign body.
Lymphangioma circumscriptum of the tongue: successful treatment using intralesional bleomycin
Authors: Kataria P , Passey J C , Agarwal A K 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjective:We report a case of lymphangioma circumscriptum of the tongue, a very rare site of occurrence, which was successfully managed with intralesional bleomycin therapy.Method:We present a case report and review of available literature regarding lymphangioma circumscriptum of the tongue and the role of bleomycin therapy.Results:The patient was a 19-year-old man with a long-standing lesion involving the tongue, who presented with spontaneous, episodic bleeding over the previous few months. A diagnosis of lymphangioma circumscriptum was established on biopsy. Intralesional bleomycin injection resulted in successful resolution, and the patient remained asymptomatic over more than one year's follow up.Conclusion:Lymphangioma circumscriptum is usually seen in the extremities and genitals. This case had a very rare site of occurrence, the tongue, and was successfully managed with conservative treatment, using intralesional bleomycin alone.
Organised haematoma of the sphenoid sinus mimicking a pituitary tumour
Authors: Nakagawa T , Kawai Y , Sakamoto T , Ito J 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjective:We report an extremely rare case of an organised haematoma arising in the sphenoid sinus.Case report:An 85-year-old woman presented with an expansile soft tissue mass in the left sphenoid sinus, with bony destruction of the sella turcica, which mimicked the extrasellar extension of a pituitary tumour. The tumour was excised using an endoscopic, transsphenoidal approach. Histopathological examination revealed an organised haematoma.Conclusion:To our knowledge, this is the first report of an organised haematoma arising in the sphenoid sinus. This case indicates that organised haematoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of extensive sphenoid lesions; it also emphasises the importance of correct pre-operative diagnosis for therapeutic planning, as complete surgical resection by an endoscopic approach is curative.
Two siblings with progressive, fluctuating hearing loss after head trauma, treated with cochlear implantation
Authors: de Wolf M J F , Honings J , Joosten F B M , Hoefsloot L , Mylanus E A M , Cremers C W R J 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjective:Description of two siblings with unexplained, progressive, perceptive hearing loss after head trauma.Design:Case report.Subjects:Two siblings aged six and eight years old with bilateral, intermittent but progressive hearing loss.Results:These patients had a c.1172G>A (p.Ser391Asn) mutation in the SLC26A4 gene, which has not previously been reported and which caused Pendred or enlarged vestibular aqueduct syndrome. The diagnosis was based on the perceptive hearing loss, computed tomography findings and mutation analysis. The patients were each fitted with a cochlear implant because of their severe, progressive, perceptive hearing loss with deep fluctuations. The results were good.Conclusion:Further testing for the presence of an enlarged vestibular aqueduct is recommended when children present with sudden progression in perceptive hearing loss, whether or not in combination with head trauma. Cochlear implantation is indicated in patients with persistent, progressive hearing loss that leads to deafness. Implantation can be undertaken successfully despite cochlear hypoplasia.
The invasion of Undaria pinnatifida to a Macrocystis pyrifera kelp in Patagonia (Argentina, south-west Atlantic)
Authors: Raffo M. Paula , Eyras M. Cecilia , Iribarne Oscar O. 
Published: June 2009

Biological invasions can alter the biodiversity of native communities generating an ecological impact that in many cases is irreversible. In 2001, Undaria pinnatifida invaded Macrocystis pyrifera kelp in Cracker Bay (42°56′S, 64°27′W; Northern Patagonia, Argentina). The possible impact of that invasion was evaluated in March 2004 with a study of population and morphological parameters of both kelp species and their associated holdfast biodiversity. Three nearby areas of spatial distribution of the kelps were differentiated, one dominated by M. pyrifera (M), an intermediate area characterized by M. pyrifera and U. pinnatifida (M+U), and another dominated by U. pinnatifida (U). In each area, sporophytes in nine quadrats of 1 m2 were collected. The density and biomass m−2, the height of the sporophytes and the size of the holdfast of M. pyrifera did not diminish in the presence of U. pinnatifida. The richness, abundance and diversity of the flora associated with the holdfast of both kelps were similar, whereas these parameters were higher in the case of the fauna associated to M. pyrifera than U. pinnatifida Results obtained in this work suggest that, at this invasion stage, there is no evidence of interspecific competition. Nevertheless, since density and diversity of the fauna associated with the holdfast is different, we expect community changes if the U. pinnatifida invasion continues to expand.
Temporal genetic variation of microsatellite markers in the razor clamEnsis arcuatus(Bivalvia: Pharidae)
Authors: Varela Miguel A. , Martínez-Lage Andrés , González-Tizón Ana M. 
Published: June 2009

The aim of this study was to characterize new microsatellite loci in the razor clamEnsis arcuatus(Bivalvia: Pharidae) and examine the temporal genetic variability of a natural bed in Cies Islands (Galicia, north-western Spain) exploited by apnoea divers and affected by the ‘Prestige’ oil tanker spill in November 2002. In this work, we characterized four polymorphic microsatellites using an alternative approach that relies on the amplification and sequencing of ISSR markers. Observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.1053–0.6800 and number of alleles from 4–19. Linkage equilibrium was observed in all loci and two of them showed significant deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. Estimators ofFSTbetween samples were low (<0.05) and not different from zero with a confidence level of 5%. We did not detect a clear decreasing tendency in genetic diversity although we found a significant change in allelic frequencies among samples (P = 0.0024) after the ‘Prestige’ oil spill. We propose that both phenomena could be related to a high variance in genetic success and/or a movement of adults or larvae from different source populations.
Rates of divergence of non-conventional ergodic averages
Authors: QUAS ANTHONY , WIERDL MÁTÉ 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe first study the rate of growth of ergodic sums along a sequence (an) of times: SNf(x)=∑ n≤Nf(Tanx). We characterize the maximal rate of growth and identify a number of sequences such as an=2n, along which the maximal rate of growth is achieved. To point out though the general character of our techniques, we then turn to Khintchine’s strong uniform distribution conjecture that the averages (1/N)∑ n≤Nf(nx mod 1) converge pointwise to ∫ f for integrable functions f. We give a simple, intuitive counterexample and prove that, in fact, divergence occurs at the maximal rate.
Topological properties of full groups
Authors: KITTRELL JOHN , TSANKOV TODOR 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe study full groups of countable, measure-preserving equivalence relations. Our main results include that they are all homeomorphic to the separable Hilbert space and that every homomorphism from an ergodic full group to a separable group is continuous. We also find bounds for the minimal number of topological generators (elements generating a dense subgroup) of full groups allowing us to distinguish between full groups of equivalence relations generated by free, ergodic actions of the free groups Fm and Fn if m and n are sufficiently far apart. We also show that an ergodic equivalence relation is generated by an action of a finitely generated group if an only if its full group is topologically finitely generated.
Equidistribution of dense subgroups on nilpotent Lie groups
Authors: BREUILLARD EMMANUEL 
Published: June 2009

AbstractLet Γ be a dense subgroup of a simply connected nilpotent Lie group G generated by a finite symmetric set S. We consider the n-ball Sn for the word metric induced by S on Γ. We show that Sn (with uniform measure) becomes equidistributed on G with respect to the Haar measure as n tends to infinity. We also prove the analogous result for random walk averages.
On unipotent flows in ℋ(1,1)
Authors: CALTA KARIANE , WORTMAN KEVIN 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe study the action of the horocycle flow on the moduli space of abelian differentials in genus two. In particular, we exhibit a classification of a specific class of probability measures that are invariant and ergodic under the horocycle flow on the stratum ℋ(1,1).