bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Literature review in cases with exacerbation of ulcerative colitis induced by treatment with interferon and/or ribavirin
Authors: Watanabe Takuya , Hirono Haruka , Hasegawa Katsuhiko , Soga Kenji , Shibasaki Koichi 
Published: August 2011

AbstractUlcerative colitis (UC) is an immune disorder of the gastrointestinal tract which has been reported to be precipitated by interferon (IFN) therapy. We describe the results of a literature review of cases in which the development or exacerbation of UC was coincident with IFN and/or ribavirin (RIB) treatment for chronic hepatitis C. We summarized the studies on the effectiveness of IFN for UC or Crohn's disease, which were primarily carried out in Europe and the USA.In the nine reported cases of UC exacerbation by IFN therapy in Japan, seven involved IFN‐α, one involved IFN‐α2b plus RIB, and the other involved IFN‐β; thus cases induced by IFN‐α were more common. The period between the initiation of IFN treatment and the development or exacerbation of UC varied widely among the reported cases (from 1 day to 4.5 years). The reports have all assumed a cause‐and‐effect correlation between IFN treatment and UC. However, although combination therapy of IFN and RIB has become widespread in Japan, UC development or exacerbation induced by IFN has not increased concurrently.Conversely, numerous studies reporting the effectiveness of IFN for treating UC and Crohn's disease have been published in Europe and the USA. One reason for this finding may be the difference in the balance of T helper cell 1 and T helper cell 2 between populations.
Critical appraisal of clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Schmidt Sebastian , Follmann Markus , Malek Nisar , Manns Michael P. , Greten Tim F. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common reason for cancer‐related death worldwide. Many countries either lack appropriate clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC or the quality of their guidelines has never been evaluated. The main objective of our work was to identify published HCC guidelines and assess their quality with the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation instrument (AGREE) and their suitability regarding adaptation for future guidelines.Methods:  We performed a systematic literature search on HCC clinical practice guidelines of MEDLINE, National Guidelines Clearinghouse and the Guidelines International Network. Methodological quality of selected guidelines was assessed by the AGREE instrument, Version 2001.Results:  A total of 286 citations were screened and 32 relevant guidelines were identified. Overall, the guidelines performed well in the clarity and presentation domain with a mean score of 67%, followed by scope and purpose (55%) and rigor of development (50%). In contrast, poor scores were given for the remaining domains: stakeholder involvement (23%), applicability (28%) and editorial independence (31%). According to the AGREE instrument, four guidelines can be strongly recommended, 18 with provisos and alterations while the remaining cannot be recommended for adaptation due to poor methodological quality.Conclusion:  Although existing HCC guidelines may accurately reflect agreed clinical practice, many guidelines lack proper methodological quality. Future guidelines should place more emphasis on these methodological shortcomings.
Hepatocellular carcinoma and vitamin D: A review
Authors: Chiang Kun‐Chun , Yeh Chun‐Nan , Chen Miin‐Fu , Chen Tai C 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe non‐classical actions of vitamin D, namely antiproliferation, pro‐differentiation, pro‐apoptosis, anti‐inflammation, and immune regulation, have received great attention during the past decade. Increasing evidence from epidemiological studies showing the inverse association between vitamin D status and incidence of many forms of cancer as well as biochemical studies has suggested that vitamin D deficiency may play a role in the cause and progression of these types of cancer. Recently, vitamin D and its analogs have been deemed as potential regimen to treat a variety of cancers alone or in combination with other drugs. Although, the epidemiologic evidence regarding the association of vitamin D and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still inconclusive, biochemical evidence clearly indicates that HCC cells are responsive to the inhibitory effect of vitamin D and its analogs. In this review, we discuss the current status of HCC and its treatment, the source, metabolism, functions, and the mechanism of actions of vitamin D, and the biochemical studies of vitamin D analogs and their implications in the prevention and treatment of HCC.
Effect of oral hepatocyte growth factor gene mediated by attenuated salmonella on 2‐, 4‐, 6‐trinitro‐benzene‐sulfonic‐acid‐induced ulcerative colitis in rat
Authors: Ha Xiaoqin , Yin Qiang , Hui Ling , Jia Qinghua , Wang Meiliang , Zhang Junli , Xu Yuebin , Chang Yewei , Yang Xiaopeng 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackground and Aim:  In order to explore a new therapeutic method, we investigated the effects of exogenously expressed hepatocyte growth factor mediated by attenuated salmonella (TPH) on rats with ulcerative colitis (UC) induced by 2‐, 4‐, 6‐trinitro‐benzene‐sulfonic acid.Methods:  The UC rats were treated with TPH, attenuated salmonella with a eukaryotic expression vector (TP) or sodium bicarbonate (model control [MC]) every other day. Cluster of differentiation (CD)4+ and CD8+ T cells and immunoglobulins in the blood were analyzed by flow cytometry. The HGF expression was determined by immunohistochemistry. A macroscopic‐scale observation of the colon and a histological assessment were also carried out.Results:  The CD4+T counts and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio in the TPH group were significantly lower than that in the MC group. The immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G1 levels in the TPH group were significantly lower than that in the MC group and TP group. After treatment with TPH, the symptoms of the ulcerative rats were significantly alleviated. The colonic lesion grades in the TPH group were lower than that in the TP group and MC group. Significant improvement occurred after the TPH treatment, as evidenced by alleviated mucosal inflammation. At 7 days post‐treatment, the HGF expression in the colonic tissues that were treated with TPH was stronger than that in the samples treated with TP.Conclusions:  TPH inhibits the proliferation of T lymphocytes and the antibody production of B lymphocytes. Furthermore, it ameliorates mucosal inflammation and promotes the regeneration of mucosa and the healing of the colonic ulceration.
Blind peritoneal catheter placement with a tenckhoff trocar by nephrologists: A single‐center experience
Authors: KANG SEOK HUI , DO JUN YOUNG , CHO KYU HYANG , PARK JONG WON , YOON KYUNG WOO 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTAim:  Blind peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheter instrumentation with a Tenckhoff trocar is performed without direct visualization of the peritoneum. This method requires the least equipment, it is safe and it can be performed mainly by nephrologists. We report here on our long‐term experience with this method as performed by nephrologists.Methods:  We reviewed the medical records at Yeungnam University Hospital in Korea and identified all the patients who had undergone blind PD catheter instrumentation with a Tenckhoff trocar by nephrologists. Four hundred and three patients were enrolled.Results:  Early complications occurred in 7.7% (four patients with pericatheter bleeding, one patient with pleural leakage, two patients with migration, two patients with omental wrapping, three patients with exit site/tunnel infection and 19 patients with peritonitis). The late mechanical complications included eight cases of hernia, three cases of catheter extrusion, five cases of leakage, four cases of migration and five cases of omental wrapping. Exit site/tunnel infection and peritonitis occurred at a rate of 0.067 and 0.40 episodes/year, respectively. The intervention free survival rate was 84.5% at one year and 63.3% at 5 years. The catheter survival rate was 96.5% at one year and 83.6% at 5 years.Conclusion:  This study provides evidence that blind PD catheter placement with a Tenckhoff trocar requires the least equipments, and it is easy to perform. Therefore, if the general anesthesia is impossible or equipment, such as fluoroscopy and laparoscopy, were not available, this method may be an alternative choice for PD catheter placement.
Encouraging results in older patients receiving chemotherapy: A retrospective analysis of treatment guideline adherence in daily practice
Authors: Heijmen Linda , van Laarhoven Hanneke WM , Punt Cornelis JA , van den Hurk Desiree , van der Drift Miep A , Ottevanger Petronella B , Timmer‐Bonte Johanna NH 
Published: August 2011

Objective:  A retrospective study was performed to determine whether patients over 60 years old who received chemotherapy were treated according to the existing treatment guidelines and to investigate the reasons for dose reductions or treatment delay.Material and methods:  Three hundred and seven patients aged over 60 years old and diagnosed with colon, breast or lung cancer between 1998 and 2008 who were treated with chemotherapy in the Radboud University Medical Center were included. From the medical records we recorded the number of and the reasons for dose reductions and delays. We calculated the relative dose intensity (RDI) received.Results:  RDI did not decrease significantly with age. However patients over 65 years of age had a higher probability of receiving a suboptimal dose intensity, even when treated with curative intent. There was no correlation between toxicity and age, however the comorbidity score increased with age. The average received RDI was higher in patients diagnosed more recently.Conclusion:  Despite increased comorbidity, older patients receiving chemotherapy were generally treated according to protocol without high incidence of severe toxicity. We saw improvement of RDI over the time period investigated. The participation of geriatricians in multidisciplinary oncology teams could help to optimize therapy decisions for patients with comorbidity. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2012; 12: 80–85.
Assimilation of acetate by the putative atmospheric methane oxidizers belonging to the USCα clade
Authors: Pratscher Jennifer , Dumont Marc G. , Conrad Ralf 
Published: August 2011

SummaryForest soils are a major biological sink for atmospheric methane, yet the identity and physiology of the microorganisms responsible for this process remain unclear. Although members of the upland soil cluster α (USCα) are assumed to represent methanotrophic bacteria adapted to the oxidation of the trace level of methane in the atmosphere and to be an important sink of this greenhouse gas, so far they have resisted isolation. In particular, the question of whether the atmospheric methane oxidizers are able to obtain all their energy and carbon solely from atmospheric methane still waits to be answered. In this study, we performed stable‐isotope probing (SIP) of RNA and DNA to investigate the assimilation of 13C‐methane and 13C‐acetate by USCα in an acidic forest soil. RNA‐SIP showed that pmoA mRNA of USCα was not labelled by 13C of supplemented 13C methane, although catalysed reporter deposition – fluorescence in situ hybridization (CARD‐FISH) targeting pmoA mRNA of USCα detected its expression in the incubated soil. In contrast, incorporation of 13C‐acetate into USCαpmoA mRNA was observed. USCαpmoA genes were not labelled, indicating that they had not grown during the incubation. Our results indicate that the contribution of alternative carbon sources, such as acetate, to the metabolism of the putative atmospheric methane oxidizers in upland forest soils might be substantial.
The burden of bladder cancer in men and women: analysis of the years of life lost
Authors: Scosyrev Emil , Golijanin Dragan , Wu Guan , Messing Edward 
Published: August 2011

Study Type – Harms (individual cohort)Level of Evidence 2aWhat’s known on the subject? and What does the study add?Previously, it was appreciated that men lost about 12 years of expected remaining life if they died of bladder cancer. However, nothing was known about how exposure history, gender, age and stage at diagnosis, and other factors affected life expectancy of bladder cancer patients.The impact of these factors was now taken into consideration when determining years of potential life lost from bladder cancer death and the loss in median life expectancy at bladder cancer diagnosis. Compared with men, women lose more years of life and a greater fraction of their life expectancy to bladder cancer.OBJECTIVE• To estimate the average loss in life expectancy (LE) due to bladder cancer (BC) in men and women in the USA.PATIENTS AND METHODS• Cancer records for 51 528 patients diagnosed with BC during 1988–1997 were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database.• Potential follow‐up ranged from 10 to 20 years (median 14 years). Loss in median LE at BC diagnosis was computed as the difference between expected median survival and observed median survival.• Expected survival was calculated using two methods: method 1 used age, sex, and race‐specific LE in the general population, method 2 used the hazard of death from non‐BC causes in patients with BC (to account for past exposures and treatment‐related toxicities not present in the general population).RESULTS• During the study period, BC death occurred in 17% of men and 23% of women and non‐BC death occurred in 53% of men and 47% of women.• Using LE in the general population as the reference (method 1), loss in median LE at BC diagnosis was 3.9 years for men (33% of their potential remaining years of life) and 6.5 years for women (47% of their potential remaining years of life).• Using non‐BC‐specific hazard as the reference (method 2), loss in median LE was 2.7 years for men (26% of their potential remaining years of life) and 4.1 years for women (36% of their potential remaining years of life).CONCLUSION• Compared with men, women loose more years of life and a greater fraction of their life expectancy to BC.
A Search Model of Unemployment and Inflation*
Authors: Lehmann Etienne 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis paper introduces money into the standard labor‐matching model. A double‐coincidence problem makes money necessary as a medium of exchange. In the long run, a rise in the growth rate of money leads to higher inflation and higher unemployment, such that the long‐run Phillips curve is not vertical. The optimal monetary growth rate decreases with greater worker bargaining power, the level of unemployment benefits, and the payroll tax rate.
Tell the Teacher or Tell the Bully off: Children's Strategy Production for Bystanders to Bullying
Authors: Rock Patrick F. , Baird Jodie A. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAlthough children's reticence to intervene as bystanders to bullying is well established, the reasons for their inaction remain unclear. One possibility is that they are incapable of generating appropriate response strategies in these situations. This study examined the number and type of strategies children (N = 104, 6–11 years) could generate for bystanders to a variety of bullying situations. Across bullying situations, older children generated more strategies than did younger children. Children most often suggested that the bystander confront the bully directly, followed by the suggestion that the bystander find a teacher for help or comfort the victim. An exclusion incident prompted more frequent proposals that the bystander help by comforting the victim while a pushing incident prompted more frequent appeals to a teacher. A priming story about a peer bystander intervening successfully in a bullying incident boosted strategy production in girls but did not affect boys.
Learning Lessons from Men Who Have Sexually Abused Children
Authors: Colton Matthew , Roberts Susan , Vanstone Maurice 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe sexual abuse of children and young people by those who work with them is a global problem. Yet, our knowledge of this form of abuse remains limited. There is a dearth of research on offenders' accounts of how they perpetrated abuse within a paid work or voluntary sector environment. Thus, our focus here is on data collected during individual interviews with eight adult males who had been imprisoned for abusing a total of 35 children while in a position of trust. We examine abusers' accounts of the abuse: how they gained access to victims; how they initiated, maintained, and concealed abuse; and finally, how it might be prevented. We reflect on the relevance of this work for the criminal justice system and its significance for those outside the criminal justice field.
A steroid modulatory domain in NR2A collaborates with NR1 exon‐5 to control NMDAR modulation by pregnenolone sulfate and protons
Authors: Kostakis Emmanuel , Jang Ming‐Kuei , Russek Shelley J. , Gibbs Terrell T. , Farb David H. 
Published: August 2011

J. Neurochem.(2011)119, 486–496.AbstractNMDA receptor (NMDAR)‐mediated excitatory synaptic transmission plays a critical role in synaptic plasticity and memory formation, whereas its dysfunction may underlie neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. The neuroactive steroid pregnenolone sulfate (PS) acts as a cognitive enhancer in impaired animals, augments LTP in hippocampal slices by enhancing NMDAR activity, and may participate in the reduction of schizophrenia’s negative symptoms by systemic pregnenolone. We report that the effects of PS on NMDAR function are diverse, varying with subunit composition and NR1 splice variant. While PS potentiates NR1‐1a/NR2B receptors through a critical steroid modulatory domain in NR2B that also modulates tonic proton inhibition, potentiation of the NMDA response is not dependent upon relief of such inhibition, a finding that distinguishes it from spermine. In contrast, the presence of an NR2A subunit confers enhanced PS‐potentiation at reduced pH, suggesting that it may indeed act like spermine does at NR2B‐containing receptors. Additional tuning of the NMDAR response by PS comes via the N‐terminal exon‐5 splicing insert of NR1‐1b, which regulates the magnitude of proton‐dependent PS potentiation. For NR2C‐ and NR2D‐containing receptors, negative modulation at NR2C receptors is pH‐independent (like NR2B) while negative modulation at NR2D receptors is pH‐dependent (like NR2A). Taken together, PS displays a rich modulatory repertoire that takes advantage of the structural diversity of NMDARs in the CNS. The differential pH sensitivity of NMDAR isoforms to PS modulation may be especially important given the emerging role of proton sensors to both learning and memory, as well as brain injury.
Genetic tracing of the gustatory neural pathway originating from Pkd1l3‐expressing type III taste cells in circumvallate and foliate papillae
Authors: Yamamoto Kurumi , Ishimaru Yoshiro , Ohmoto Makoto , Matsumoto Ichiro , Asakura Tomiko , Abe Keiko 
Published: August 2011

J. Neurochem. (2011) 119, 497–506.AbstractPolycystic kidney disease 1‐like 3 (Pkd1l3) is expressed specifically in sour‐sensing type III taste cells that have synaptic contacts with afferent nerve fibers in circumvallate (CvP) and foliate papillae (FoP) located in the posterior region of the tongue, although not in fungiform papillae (FuP) or the palate. To visualize the gustatory neural pathways that originate from type III taste cells in CvP and FoP, we established transgenic mouse lines that express the transneuronal tracer wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) under the control of the mouse Pkd1l3 gene promoter/enhancer. The WGA transgene was accurately expressed in Pkd1l3‐expressing type III taste cells in CvP and FoP. Punctate WGA protein signals appeared to be detected specifically in type III taste cells but not in other types of taste cells. WGA protein was transferred primarily to a subset of neurons located in close proximity to the glossopharyngeal (GL) nerve bundles in the nodose/petrosal ganglion (NPG). WGA signals were also observed in a small population of neurons in the geniculate ganglion (GG). This result demonstrates the anatomical connection between taste receptor cells (TRCs) in the FoP and the chorda tympani (CT) nerves. WGA protein was further conveyed to neurons in a rostro‐central subdivision of the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST). These findings demonstrate that the approximately 10 kb 5′‐flanking region of the mouse Pkd1l3 gene functions as a type III taste cell‐specific promoter/enhancer. In addition, experiments using the pkd1l3‐WGA transgenic mice reveal a sour gustatory pathway that originates from TRCs in the posterior region of the tongue.
Evaluation of closed incision management with negative pressure wound therapy (CIM): Hematoma/seroma and involvement of the lymphatic system
Authors: Kilpadi Deepak V. , Cunningham Mark R. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe objective of this porcine study was to evaluate the effect of closed incision management with negative pressure wound therapy (CIM) on hematoma/seroma formation, fluid removal into the CIM canister, and involvement of the lymphatic system. In each swine (n = 8), two sets of ventral contralateral subcutaneous dead spaces with overlying sutured incisions were created. Stable isotope‐labeled nanospheres were introduced into each subcutaneous dead space. Each contralateral incision was assigned to CIM (continuous −125 mmHg negative pressure) and control (semipermeable film dressing), respectively. Following 4 days of therapy, hematoma/seroma was weighed, total fluid volume in canisters was measured, five pre‐identified lymph nodes were harvested, and five key organs were biopsied. There was 25 ± 8 g (standard error [SE]) (63%) less hematoma/seroma in CIM sites compared to control sites (p = 0.002), without any fluid collection in the CIM canister. In lymph nodes, there were ∼60 μg (∼50%) more 30‐ and 50‐nm nanospheres from CIM sites than from control sites (p = 0.04 and 0.05, respectively). There was significantly greater nanosphere incidence from CIM sites than from control sites in lungs, liver, and spleen (p < 0.05); no nanospheres were detected in kidney biopsies. Thus, in this porcine model, application of CIM significantly decreased hematoma/seroma levels without fluid collection in the canister, which may be explained by increased lymph clearance.
Aminated β‐1,3‐D‐glucan has a dose‐dependent effect on wound healing in diabetic db/db mice
Authors: Berdal Margrete , Appelbom Hege I. , Eikrem Jorunn H. , Lund Åse , Busund Lill‐Tove , Hanes Robert , Seljelid Rolf , Jenssen Trond 
Published: August 2011

AbstractInflammatory responses are common in diabetes and are operative in angiopathy, neuropathy, and wound healing. There are indications of incomplete macrophage activation in diabetes and reduced expression of growth factors. We have previously found that up to 15 topical applications of the macrophage‐stimulant, aminated β‐1,3‐D‐glucan (AG), improved wound healing in db/db mice. The present open‐label study was undertaken to examine dose‐dependent effects of AG over 40 days in db/db mice. AG was given as a single dose (group 1), one dose every 10th day (group 2), five initial doses on consecutive days (group 3), and ≥15 doses (group 4). Controls were db/db mice receiving platelet‐derived growth factor + insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (group 5), topical placebo (NaCl 9 mg/mL) and insulin (group 6), placebo (group 7), and a nondiabetic group receiving placebo (group 8). Seven to 14 animals were allocated to each group. Percentage wound closure 17 days after surgery in groups 1 and 2 were (mean ± standard error of the mean) 25.5 ± 5.3 and 32.2 ± 6.3, respectively. Corresponding closure in groups 3, 4, and 5 was 55.7 ± 5.0, 57.3 ± 5.0, and 55.6 ± 4.8, respectively (p < 0.05 vs. groups 1 and 2). Groups 6, 7, and 8 closed 32.0 ± 4.5, 38.2 ± 5.3, and 98.5 ± 0.4%, respectively. Significant association between the number of AG‐dosages and wound closure indicates dose‐related effects in db/db mice.