bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract 12897: Long-term Risk of Atrial Fibrillation in Adults Diagnosed With Atrial Septal Defect in Childhood
Authors: Karunanithi Zarmiga , Nyboe Camilla , Hjortdal Vibeke E 
Published: April 2024

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is very common in patients with atrial septal defects (ASD). The impact of closure on the prevalence and especially the correct timing is controversial. We investigated the risk of AF in patients diagnosed with ASD in childhood, both with and without closure, compared with a general population cohort.
Data on all Danish ASD patients diagnosed before the age of 18 years between 1963 and 1994 was obtained from national registries. Follow-up was continued until outcome, death, emigration or 31st of Dec 2011. Hazard ratios were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression and cumulative incidences estimated using Fine and Gray’s competing risk regression.
A total of 1,111 patients met the inclusion criteria, and each was matched on age and gender with 10 controls. Mean age at diagnosis was 4.9 years (range 0-17.9 years). Mean follow-up since diagnosis was 26.3 years (range 1-53.3 years). A total of 642 patients had closure performed either surgically or percutaneously with 402 before the age of 10 years.
Patients with an unclosed ASD had an increased risk of AF (HR 16.4, 95% CI: 6.8; 39.8) compared with the general population cohort. For patients with closure the risk was similarly high (HR 18.1, 95% CI: 9.8; 33.5). Closure before (HR 17.9, 95% CI: 7.5; 42.7) and after (HR 18.4, 95% CI: 7.7; 43.8) the age of 10 did not affect the risk of AF later in life. Cumulative incidences after 10 years was 0.6% [0.1; 4.4] and after 50 years 9.8% [6.7; 14.12].
In conclusion, risk of AF is high despite closure in childhood. Closure being insufficient protection against development of AF in adulthood speaks for causality other than the mere presence of an ASD. Furthermore, ASD patients (regardless of closure) call for follow-up investigation past the 5th decade.
Abstract 14296: Site-targeting Nitroglycerin Nanotherapeutic for Local Immunosuppression Without Induction of Tolerance
Authors: Ardekani Soroush , Eum Shane , Scott Harry A , Gupta Sharad , Yang Xiao , Brunelle Alex R , Wilson Sean M , Mohideen Umar , Ghosh Kaustabh 
Published: April 2024

Nitroglycerin (NTG) markedly enhances nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. However, its ability to mimic the anti-inflammatory properties of NO remains unknown. Here, we examined whether NTG can suppress endothelial cell (EC) activation during inflammation and developed NTG nanoformulation to simultaneously amplify its anti-inflammatory effects and ameliorate adverse effects associated with high-dose NTG administration.
Our findings reveal that NTG significantly inhibits human monocyte adhesion to NO-deficient human microvascular ECs in vitro (EC50 = 0.64 uM) through an increase in endothelial NO and decrease in endothelial ICAM-1 clustering, as determined by NO analyzer, microfluorimetry, and immunofluorescence staining. Nanoliposomal NTG (NTG-NL) was formulated by encapsulating NTG within unilamelar lipid nanoparticles that were ~150 nm in diameter and readily uptaken by ECs, as determined by dynamic light scattering and quantitative fluorescence microscopy, respectively. More importantly, NTG-NL produced an approximately two orders of magnitude greater anti-inflammatory effect than free NTG while preventing excessive mitochondrial superoxide production and loss of arterial vasorelaxation associated with high NTG doses. Finally, to facilitate targeting of NTG-NL to inflamed ICAM-1-expressing vessels, we have tethered a non-immunogenic fragment of ICAM-1 antibody to the surface of NTG-NL. Our preliminary in vitro studies show that NTG-NL modified with anti-ICAM-1 fragment exhibits 6-fold greater binding to inflamed (ICAM-1-expressing) ECs than to normal ECs. Thus, by identifying the superior therapeutic effects of NTG nanoformulation and conferring potent site-targeting capability to it, this study provides the rationale for detailed investigation of NTG nanotherapeutic as a potentially superior anti-inflammatory therapy.
Abstract 14870: Progression of Paroxysmal to Persistent Af in Patients Awaiting AF Ablation
Authors: Kochhaeuser Simon , Dechering Dirk , Trought Kathleen , Hache Philip , Haig-Carter Tanjah , Khaykin Yaariv , Wulffhart Zaev , Pantano Alfredo , Tsang Bernice , Tsang Bernice , Eckardt Lars , Verma Atul 
Published: April 2024

Objective:
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a progressive disease for which ablation has become an important treatment option. Success rates have been shown to be significantly higher while AF has not yet progressed to persistent. In a general AF-population the HATCH-score has been proposed to predict the risk of progression to persistent AF. However, little is known about predictors of progression in patients awaiting AF ablation.

Methods/Results:
We performed a retrospective, single centre investigation of patients with paroxysmal AF at the time they were placed onto our AF ablation waiting list and evaluated possible risk factors for the progression of AF until the time of the actual ablation.

Of 564 patients (median age 60.4 (±15.1) years, 194 (34.4%) female) 60 (11%) progressed from paroxysmal to persistent AF during a median waiting time of 291 (±244.3) days. In patients that progressed to persistent AF, ablation took significantly longer (180±99 min vs. 157±85min; p 0.009), had a tendency to require longer RF-energy delivery (68.9±40 min vs. 61.8±44 min; p 0.052) and was associated with a higher rate of recurrence (53.3% vs. 39.1%; p<0.001). Patients that did progress to persistent AF had tied significantly more antiarrhythmic drugs (1 (±2) vs. 1(±1); p 0,048) and more frequently had a history of amiodaron treatment (21.7% vs. 11.9%; p 0.03).
The previously proposed HATCH-score was only a poor predictor of AF progression (AUC 0.54). Furthermore, none of the individual HATCH-score parameters was a significantly predicted the progression of AF in our population. However, a left atrial (LA) diameter of more than 45mm (OR 3.46, p< 0.001) and heart failure (OR 3.11, p 0.036) were strong and independent predictors of AF progression in multivariable analysis.

Conclusion:
Patients with an increased LA-diameter or heart failure have a significantly increased risk to progress to persistent AF. If ablation is considered in such a patient it should be conducted as soon as possible to prevent progression to persistent AF.
Abstract 11973: Decrease In Mortality Rate And Hospital Admissions For Acute Myocardial Infarction After The Enactment Of The Smoking Ban Law In Sao Paulo City
Authors: Ogawa Tania 
Published: April 2024

Introduction:
Smoking restriction laws have been spread over the world in the last decade. Previous studies and meta-analyses showed a decline in the community rates of myocardial infarction and/or heart attack after enactment of these laws. However, there are few data about the Latin American population. In the first phase of this study, we reported a well succeed implementation of the law in Sao Paulo city, with decrease in carbon monoxide rates in places like restaurants, bars and night clubs.

Hypothesis:
To evaluate whether the 2009 implementation of a smoking ban law in Sao Paulo city was associated with reduction in rates of mortality and hospital admissions for myocardial infarction.

Methods:
We performed a time series study of monthly rates of mortality and hospital admissions for acute myocardial infarction from January 2005 to December 2010. The data derived from DATASUS, the main public health information system existent in Brazil and from SIM (Mortality Information System). Adjustments and analysis were done using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average with exogenous variables (ARIMAX) method modeled by environmental variables and atmospheric pollutants to evaluate the tendency of mortality and hospital admissions before the law and forecast events after the law. We also used Interrupted Time Series Analysis (ITSA) associated to ARIMAX to compare the period before the law, the moment of implementation of the law and the period after the law.

Results:
We observed a reduction in the hospital admissions (-5,4% in the first 2 months after the law) and mortality rate (-11,9% in the first 17 months after the law) for myocardial infarction.

Conclusions:
Hospital admissions and mortality rate for myocardial infarction were reduced in the first months after smoking ban law.

Graphic 1: Hospital admission rate for myocardial infarction, São Paulo city, 2005 to 2010.
Graphic 2: Mortality rate for myocardial infarction, São Paulo city, 2005 to 2010.
Abstract 9007: Higher Level of Chronic Illness Management is Associated With Greater Trust in the Heart Transplant Team
Authors: Cajita Mia , Mielke Juliane , Denhaerynck Kris , Dobbels Fabienne , Russell Cynthia , De Geest Sabina M ,   BRIGHT study team
Published: April 2024

Trust is associated with better patient outcomes, such as better medication adherence and improved patient satisfaction. However, the association between trust and level of chronic illness management (CIM) has not yet been addressed.
We assessed the hypothesis that level of CIM will be associated with trust in the HTx team. Additionally, we explored potential meso-level moderators of this relationship (time spent on patient visits, number of visits, multidisciplinarity, CIM competencies, and CIM preparedness of the healthcare team).
A secondary analysis was conducted using the international cross-sectional BRIGHT study, which included 1397 HTx recipients and 100 HTx clinicians from 36 HTx centers across 11 countries. Level of CIM was measured using the Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (PACIC – patients’ report) and the CIMI BRIGHT (clinicians’ reports). Patients’ trust in the HTx team was measured using an adapted Wake Forest Trust scale. Multiple logistic regression was used to test the hypothesis.

1397 patients (mean age 53.6 13.2 years; 72.7% male; 85.9% white; average time post HTx 3.4 1.4 years) and 100 HTx clinicians (mean age 46.2 10.2 years; 87% female; 85% nurses; mean time worked in HTx center 10.0 7.5 years) were included. Even after controlling for patient’s age, gender, race, education, employment, years post HTx, health literacy, language congruency, and comorbidities, level of CIM as assessed by both patients and clinicians was significantly associated with trust in the HTx team (odds ratio (OR)=1.85, p<.001; OR=1.35, p=.012, respectively). Patients from centers with higher levels of CIM were more likely to trust their HTx team. Lastly, only ‘
time spent on patient visits
’ significantly moderated the relationship between level of CIM (PACIC and CIMI) and trust (OR=1.61, p=.037; OR=1.56, p=.048, respectively), wherein the impact of time in fostering trust towards the HTx team was greater when level of CIM was high.

In conclusion, level of CIM (assessed from patients’ and clinicians’ perspectives) was positively associated with trust. Our findings also suggest that allotting more time for patients during follow-up visits is a relevant factor to consider to further optimize the HTx care ecosystem.
Mental Health Acts — Perspectives from Mental Health and Law in Ireland and in Portugal
Authors: Moreira Ana Lúcia R. , Whelan Darius , Colón Máximo F. , Fouto Ana Caldeira 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Mental health legislation is a cornerstone to ensure that individuals with severe mental illness access proper care and treatment. Each country establishes their own legislation. We aimed to compare the Portuguese and Irish Mental Health Acts (MHAs). We reviewed the respective MHA and the literature. While the definition of mental disorder is similar in general, who, where, when and how one can be detained differ. Judges decide on detentions in Portugal, while consultant psychiatrists may do so in Ireland. Community-based compulsory treatment is possible and used in Portugal while it is not possible in Ireland. Pros and cons of each approach are discussed with a reflection on the protection of human rights. Further theoretical and empirical studies comparing systems in different jurisdictions would be helpful to deepen our understanding of the legislation and guide on how to better serve individuals with severe mental illness.
The influence of needleless connectors and inserted catheters on flow rates through vascular introducer sheaths
Authors: Smeltz Alan M , Patel Dillon S , Williams James H 
Published: April 2024

Summary A vascular introducer sheath is often used for rapid volume replacement. However, common manipulations such as the addition of needleless connectors to infusion ports and the insertion of catheters or other devices through the introducer sheath may impede flow. In this study we utilised a rapid infuser to deliver room-temperature normal saline through two introducer sheath configurations with and without the addition of needleless connectors and the placement of catheters through the introducer sheaths. The maximal flow rate delivered by the rapid infuser was 1000 mL/min, which was observed with both introducer sheath sizes tested without additional resistive elements. However, with the addition of a needleless connector, flow rates through the introducer sheaths were substantially lower (64 (standard deviation (SD) 6) mL/min and 61 (SD 7) mL/min for the 8.5 Fr and 9 Fr introducers, respectively). Flow rates were also reduced when catheters were placed within the sheaths (298 (SD 9) mL/min with the 7 Fr catheter and 74 (SD 9) mL/min with the 8 Fr catheter placed in an 8.5 Fr sheath; 649 (SD 6) mL/min with the 7 Fr catheter and 356 (SD 14) mL/min with the 8 Fr catheter placed in the 9 Fr sheath). These findings indicated that both needleless connectors and the placement of catheters through vascular introducer sheaths substantially reduced potential flow rates. Even ‘large’ vascular introducer sheaths capable of delivering high flow rates could be rendered minimally effective for rapid fluid administration when used in this way. Clinicians should consider these impediments to flow when rapid fluid administration is required, and obtain alternative vascular access if necessary.
Trends and prescribing patterns of antimigraine medicines in nine major cities in China from 2018 to 2022: a retrospective prescription analysis
Authors: Huang Jing , Wang Xinwei , Jin Yiyi , Lou Guodong , Yu Zhenwei 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
The objective of this study was to investigate the trends and prescribing patterns of antimigraine medicines in China.

Methods
The prescription data of outpatients diagnosed with migraine between 2018 and 2022 were extracted from the Hospital Prescription Analysis Cooperative Project of China. The demographic characteristics of migraine patients, prescription trends, and corresponding expenditures on antimigraine medicines were analyzed. We also investigated prescribing patterns of combination therapy and medicine overuse.

Results
A total of 32,246 outpatients who were diagnosed with migraine at 103 hospitals were included in this study. There were no significant trend changes in total outpatient visits, migraine prescriptions, or corresponding expenditures during the study period. Of the patients who were prescribed therapeutic medicines, 70.23% received analgesics, and 26.41% received migraine-specific agents. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs; 28.03%), caffeine-containing agents (22.15%), and opioids (16.00%) were the most commonly prescribed analgesics, with corresponding cost proportions of 11.35%, 4.08%, and 19.61%, respectively. Oral triptans (26.12%) were the most commonly prescribed migraine-specific agents and accounted for 62.21% of the total therapeutic expenditures. The proportion of patients receiving analgesic prescriptions increased from 65.25% in 2018 to 75.68% in 2022, and the proportion of patients receiving concomitant triptans decreased from 29.54% in 2018 to 21.55% in 2022 (both P <  0.001). The most frequently prescribed preventive medication classes were calcium channel blockers (CCBs; 51.59%), followed by antidepressants (20.59%) and anticonvulsants (15.82%), which accounted for 21.90%, 34.18%, and 24.15%, respectively, of the total preventive expenditures. Flunarizine (51.41%) was the most commonly prescribed preventive drug. Flupentixol/melitracen (7.53%) was the most commonly prescribed antidepressant. The most commonly prescribed anticonvulsant was topiramate (9.33%), which increased from 6.26% to 12.75% (both P <  0.001). A total of 3.88% of the patients received combined therapy for acute migraine treatment, and 18.63% received combined therapy for prevention. The prescriptions for 69.21% of opioids, 38.53% of caffeine-containing agents, 26.61% of NSAIDs, 13.97% of acetaminophen, and 6.03% of triptans were considered written medicine overuse.

Conclusions
Migraine treatment gradually converges toward evidence-based and guideline-recommended treatment. Attention should be given to opioid prescribing, weak evidence-based antidepressant use, and medication overuse in migraine treatment.
Mora: abundance aware metagenomic read re-assignment for disentangling similar strains
Authors: Zheng Andrew , Shaw Jim , Yu Yun William 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Taxonomic classification of reads obtained by metagenomic sequencing is often a first step for understanding a microbial community, but correctly assigning sequencing reads to the strain or sub-species level has remained a challenging computational problem.

Results
We introduce Mora, a MetagenOmic read Re-Assignment algorithm capable of assigning short and long metagenomic reads with high precision, even at the strain level. Mora is able to accurately re-assign reads by first estimating abundances through an expectation-maximization algorithm and then utilizing abundance information to re-assign query reads. The key idea behind Mora is to maximize read re-assignment qualities while simultaneously minimizing the difference from estimated abundance levels, allowing Mora to avoid over assigning reads to the same genomes. On simulated diverse reads, this allows Mora to achieve F1 scores comparable to other algorithms while having less runtime. However, Mora significantly outshines other algorithms on very similar reads. We show that the high penalty of over assigning reads to a common reference genome allows Mora to accurately infer correct strains for real data in the form of E. coli reads.

Conclusions
Mora is a fast and accurate read re-assignment algorithm that is modularized, allowing it to be incorporated into general metagenomics and genomics workflows. It is freely available at https://github.com/AfZheng126/MORA.
Identification of QTNs, QTN-by-environment interactions, and their candidate genes for salt tolerance related traits in soybean
Authors: Chen Ying , Yue Xiu-Li , Feng Jian-Ying , Gong Xin , Zhang Wen-Jie , Zuo Jian-Fang , Zhang Yuan-Ming 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Salt stress significantly reduces soybean yield. To improve salt tolerance in soybean, it is important to mine the genes associated with salt tolerance traits.

Results
Salt tolerance traits of 286 soybean accessions were measured four times between 2009 and 2015. The results were associated with 740,754 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to identify quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) and QTN-by-environment interactions (QEIs) using three-variance-component multi-locus random-SNP-effect mixed linear model (3VmrMLM). As a result, eight salt tolerance genes (GmCHX1, GsPRX9, Gm5PTase8, GmWRKY, GmCHX20a, GmNHX1, GmSK1, and GmLEA2-1) near 179 significant and 79 suggested QTNs and two salt tolerance genes (GmWRKY49 and GmSK1) near 45 significant and 14 suggested QEIs were associated with salt tolerance index traits in previous studies. Six candidate genes and three gene-by-environment interactions (GEIs) were predicted to be associated with these index traits. Analysis of four salt tolerance related traits under control and salt treatments revealed six genes associated with salt tolerance (GmHDA13, GmPHO1, GmERF5, GmNAC06, GmbZIP132, and GmHsp90s) around 166 QEIs were verified in previous studies. Five candidate GEIs were confirmed to be associated with salt stress by at least one haplotype analysis. The elite molecular modules of seven candidate genes with selection signs were extracted from wild soybean, and these genes could be applied to soybean molecular breeding. Two of these genes, Glyma06g04840 and Glyma07g18150, were confirmed by qRT-PCR and are expected to be key players in responding to salt stress.

Conclusions
Around the QTNs and QEIs identified in this study, 16 known genes, 6 candidate genes, and 8 candidate GEIs were found to be associated with soybean salt tolerance, of which Glyma07g18150 was further confirmed by qRT-PCR.
Whole-exome sequencing revealed a likely pathogenic variant in NF1 causing neurofibromatosis type I and Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Pourirahim Maryam , Houshmand Golnaz , Abdolkarimi Leyla , Maleki Majid , Kalayinia Samira 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Neurofibromatosis type I (NF1) is a genetic disorder characterized by the tumor’s development in nerve tissue. Complications of NF1 can include pigmented lesions, skin neurofibromas, and heart problems such as cardiomyopathy. In this study, we performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) on an Iranian patient with NF1 to identify the genetic cause of the disease.

Methods
Following clinical assessment, WES was used to identify genetic variants in a family with a son suffering from NF1. No symptomatic manifestations were observed in other family members. In the studied family, in silico and segregation analysis were applied to survey candidate variants.

Results
Clinical manifestations were consistent with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM). WES detected a likely pathogenic heterozygous missense variant, c.3277G > A:p.Val1093Met, in the NF1 gene, confirmed by PCR and Sanger sequencing. The patient’s parents and brother had a normal sequence at this locus.

Conclusions
Although there is no cure for NF1, genetic tests, such as WES, can detect at-risk asymptomatic family members. Furthermore, cardiac evaluation could also help these patients before heart disease development.