bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alkaline condensation of 9,10‐phenanthrenedione with N,N‐dialkylguanidines. A novel synthesis of 2′‐(dialkylamino)spiro[9H‐fluorene‐9,4′‐[4H]imidazol]‐5′(3′H)ones
Authors: Itano Harvey A. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract9,10‐Phenanthrenedione was reacted with equimolar amounts of N,N‐dimethylguanidine or creatine in 0.2 N potassium hydroxide in ethanol‐water, 7:3 to obtain 2′‐(dimethylamino)spiro‐[9H‐fluorene‐9,4′‐[4H]imidazol]‐5′(3′H)one or N‐(3′,5′‐dihydro‐5′‐oxospiro[9H‐fluorene‐9,4′‐[4H]imidazol]‐2′‐yl)‐N‐methylglycine, respectively. These products are the first derivatives of this ring system with 2′‐amino substituents. Formation of these products accounts for the previously reported absence of fluorescence when 9,10‐phenanthrenedione reacts with N,N‐di‐substituted guanidines.
Analysis of full and partial agonists binding toβ2‐adrenergic receptor suggests a role of transmembrane helix V in agonist‐specific conformational changes
Authors: Katritch Vsevolod , Reynolds Kimberly A. , Cherezov Vadim , Hanson Michael A. , Roth Christopher B. , Yeager Mark , Abagyan Ruben 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe 2.4 Å crystal structure of theβ2‐adrenergic receptor (β2AR) in complex with the high‐affinity inverse agonist (−)‐carazolol provides a detailed structural framework for the analysis of ligand recognition by adrenergic receptors. Insights into agonist binding and the corresponding conformational changes triggering G‐protein coupled receptor (GPCR) activation mechanism are of special interest. Here we show that while the carazolol pocket captured in theβ2AR crystal structure accommodates (−)‐isoproterenol and other agonists without steric clashes, a finite movement of the flexible extracellular part of TM‐V helix (TM‐Ve) obtained by receptor optimization in the presence of docked ligand can further improve the calculated binding affinities for agonist compounds. Tilting of TM‐Ve towards the receptor axis provides a more complete description of polar receptor–ligand interactions for full and partial agonists, by enabling optimal engagement of agonists with two experimentally identified anchor sites, formed by Asp113/Asn312 and Ser203/Ser204/Ser207 side chains. Further, receptor models incorporating a flexible TM‐V backbone allow reliable prediction of binding affinities for a set of diverse ligands, suggesting potential utility of this approach to design of effective and subtype‐specific agonists for adrenergic receptors. Systematic differences in capacity of partial, full and inverse agonists to induce TM‐V helix tilt in theβ2AR model suggest potential role of TM‐V as a conformational “rheostat” involved in the whole spectrum ofβ2AR responses to small molecule signals. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hepatic regeneration is decreased in a rat model of sinusoidal obstruction syndrome
Authors: Schiffer Eduardo , Frossard Jean‐Louis , Rubbia‐Brandt Laura , Mentha Gilles , Pastor Catherine M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesOxaliplatin is a chemotherapeutic drug for colorectal adenocarcinoma able to extend the indications for resection of colorectal liver metastases. However, the drug may severely injure hepatic sinusoids, inducing a sinusoidal obstruction syndrome in non‐tumoral parenchyma with a risk of decreased regeneration in the remnant liver following partial hepatectomy.MethodsWe then investigated the evolution of hepatic functions and liver regeneration following partial hepatectomy in rats with sinusoidal obstruction syndrome. The sinusoidal obstruction syndrome was induced with a single intragastric administration of monocrotaline (MCT).ResultsMCT administration induced obstruction of the hepatic microcirculation and increased portal pressure, hepatic VEGF expression, and Ki67 positive hepatocytes. A mild cholestasis was present without modification of hepatic tests. Following a 70% hepatectomy, liver regeneration was significantly impaired by MCT administration and this impaired regeneration was associated with hepatocellular injury evidenced 1 week after hepatectomy.ConclusionsThe presence of sinusoidal obstruction syndrome impairs hepatic regeneration in this rat model of sinusoidal obstruction syndrome. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;99:439–446. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hypertonia in childhood secondary dystonia due to cerebral palsy is associated with reflex muscle activation
Authors: van Doornik Johan , Kukke Sahana , Sanger Terence D. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIt is often assumed that co‐contraction of antagonist muscles is responsible for increased resistance to passive movement in hypertonic dystonia. Although co‐contraction may certainly contribute to hypertonia in some patients, the role of reflex activation has never been investigated. We measured joint torque and surface electromyographic activity during passive flexion and extension movements of the elbow in 8 children with hypertonic arm dystonia due to dyskinetic cerebral palsy. In all cases, we found significant phasic electromyographic activity in the lengthening muscle, consistent with reflex activity. By correlating activation with position or velocity of the limb, we determined that some children exhibit position‐dependent activation, some exhibit velocity‐dependent activation, and some exhibit a mixed pattern of activation. We conclude that involuntary or reflex muscle activation in response to stretch may be a significant contributor to increased tone in hypertonic dystonia, and we conjecture that this activation may be more important than co‐contraction for determining the resistance to passive movement. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Telemedicine for the care of nursing home residents with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Biglan Kevin M. , Voss Tiffini S. , Deuel Lisa M. , Miller David , Eason Sheelah , Fagnano Maria , George Benjamin P. , Appler Anna , Polanowicz Joyce , Viti Lucy , Smith Sandy , Joseph Anthony , Dorsey E. Ray 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIndividuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) often require nursing home care, where access to neurologists is limited. Telemedicine uses information and communication technologies to provide health care to individuals who are geographically separate from providers. We present a video report of a nursing home resident with PD who received telemedicine visits over 8 months from a movement disorders specialist. The visits resulted in improvements in motor and cognitive symptoms and suggest that telemedicine may be useful for delivering care to this population. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Immunopathogenic mechanisms in tourette syndrome: A critical review
Authors: Martino Davide , Dale Russell C. , Gilbert Donald L. , Giovannoni Gavin , Leckman James F. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractTourette syndrome (TS) has a multifactorial etiology, in which genetic, environmental, immunological and hormonal factors interact to establish vulnerability. This review: (i) summarizes research exploring the exposure of TS patients to immune‐activating environmental factors, and (ii) focuses on recent findings supporting a role of the innate and adaptive immune systems in the pathogenesis of TS and related disorders. A higher exposure prior to disease onset to group A β‐haemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) infections in children with tics and obsessive‐compulsive (OC) symptoms has been documented, although their influence upon the course of disease remains uncertain. Increased activation of immune responses in TS is suggested by changes in gene expression profiles of peripheral immune cells, relative frequency of lymphocyte subpopulations, and synthesis of immune effector molecules. Increased activity of cell‐mediated mechanisms is suggested by the increased expression of genes controlling natural killer and cytotoxic T cells, increased plasma levels of some pro‐inflammatory cytokines which correlate with disease severity, and increased synthesis of antineuronal antibodies. Important methodological differences might account for some inconsistency among results of studies addressing autoantibodies in TS. Finally, a general predisposition to autoimmune responses in TS patients is indicated by the reduced frequency of regulatory T cells, which induce tolerance towards self‐antigens. Although the pathogenic role of immune activation in TS has not been definitively proven, a pathophysiological model is proposed to explain the possible effect of immunity upon dopamine transmission regulation and the generation of tics. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Motor complications in patients form the German Competence Network on Parkinson's disease and the DRD3 Ser9Gly polymorphism
Authors: Paus Sebastian , Gadow Franziska , Knapp Michael , Klein Christine , Klockgether Thomas , Wüllner Ullrich 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn addition to levodopa treatment and disease duration, genetic predisposition might contribute to the development of medication‐related complications in Parkinson's disease (PD). As recent observations indicate the dopamine D3 receptor (DRD3) to modulate both therapeutic action of levodopa and dyskinesia, we reappraised the impact of the DRD3 Ser9Gly polymorphism on development of motor complications in a large scale association study based on the gene bank of the German Competence Network on Parkinson's disease. Stepwise regression analysis revealed no effect of DRD3 Ser9Gly on chorea, dystonia, or motor fluctuations in PD, despite incorporating established clinical risk factors to avoid overlooking an effect of genotype. Duration of PD was confirmed as the most important clinical risk factor, followed by age of disease onset and female sex. Additional studies incorporating grading of motor complications, and combinations of risk genotypes, are warranted. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Hyperhomocysteinemia in levodopa‐treated patients with Parkinson's disease dementia
Authors: Zoccolella Stefano , dell'Aquila Claudia , Abruzzese Giovanni , Antonini Angelo , Bonuccelli Ubaldo , Canesi Margherita , Cristina Silvano , Marchese Roberta , Pacchetti Claudio , Zagaglia Roberto , Logroscino Giancarlo , Defazio Giovanni , Lamberti Paolo , Livrea Paolo 
Published: April 2009

AbstractDementia is a frequent non‐motor feature of Parkinson's disease (PD). Elevated plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels have been associated with both cognitive impairment and dementia. Increased Hcy levels have been observed in levodopa‐treated patients with PD. The objective of our study was to evaluate the association between plasma Hcy levels and dementia in PD. We performed a multicenter cross‐sectional study on patients with PD with (PDD) and without (PDnD) dementia and age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls. We compared Hcy levels in patients with PDD and PDnD and healthy controls, and we performed logistic regression analysis to search for an association between the presence of dementia and increased Hcy levels in PD. Patients with PD (121), PDD (42), and PDnD (79), and age‐ and sex‐matched controls (154) were enrolled. Hcy levels were higher in patients with PD compared to controls (17.5 μmol/L ± 10.2 vs. 11 ± 4.1;P< 0.00001). Among patients with PD, Hcy levels were higher in the PDD group compared to the PDnD group (20.7 μmol/L ± 12.1 vs. 15.8 ± 8.5;P= 0.002). In a multivariate logistic regression model, higher Hcy levels [Odds ratios comparing the top (>18.9 μmol/L) with the bottom tertile (<12.4 μmol/L): 3.68; 95% CI: 1.14–11.83] were significantly associated with dementia. These data support the association between elevated Hcylevels and the presence of dementia in PD. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Motor patterns in Parkinson's disease: A data‐driven approach
Authors: van Rooden Stephanie M. , Visser Martine , Verbaan Dagmar , Marinus Johan , van Hilten Jacobus J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractTo identify patterns of motor disturbances in Parkinson's disease (PD) and evaluate their relation with other PD domains. A cohort of 399 PD patients was randomly divided into two samples. Factors within the motor section of the SPES/SCOPA were identified by exploratory factor analysis on data from the first sample and next tested by confirmatory factor analysis in the second sample. Relations with other PD domains were evaluated by regression analyses. A four factor model was found to be valid. This included a tremor, a bradykinetic‐rigid, and two axial factors. One axial factor (“rise”, “gait”, “postural instability”) was associated with age and cognition, while the other axial factor (“freezing”, “speech”, “swallowing”) was related to dopaminergic medication and complications of therapy. Both other factors showed no relevant associations with demographic and clinical characteristics. The identification of motor factors and their relation with other domains of the disease may help to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for these associations and provide an objective base for further research on subtypes in PD. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Dystonic storm due to Batten's disease treated with pallidotomy and deep brain stimulation
Authors: Elkay Muruvet , Silver Kenneth , Penn Richard D. , Dalvi Arif 
Published: April 2009

AbstractTo report a novel treatment approach, pallidotomy and deep brain stimulation (DBS), in two sisters with dystonic storm due to Batten's disease. This study is based on long‐term follow‐up of two sisters, presenting with dystonic storm and their response to pallidotomy and DBS. These sisters, who had visual loss, seizures, and progressive psychomotor decline, experienced progressive disabling abnormal movements culminating in dystonic storm at the age of 15 and 17 years, respectively. In addition to intubation and sedation, multiple medications, including botulinum toxin injections and intrathecal baclofen infusion were tried in both patients without any benefit. The old sister underwent bilateral pallidotomy. Within 10 days postoperatively, there was marked improvement in dystonic storm. She was free of abnormal movements for 9 months. Then she started having opisthotonus lasting 20 seconds to an hour several times/day, but over 6 years abnormal movements are markedly improved, and not returned to pre‐pallidotomy level. The young sister underwent both bilateral pallidotomy and DBS, 3 weeks apart. She was free of abnormal movements for 7 months and able to maintain reduction in the abnormal movements by adjusting DBS settings. Pallidotomy and DBS should be considered in dystonic storm due to Batten's disease. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Pathological gambling amongst Parkinson's disease and ALS patients in an online community (PatientsLikeMe.com)
Authors: Wicks Paul , MacPhee Graeme J.A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPathological gambling (PG) has been identified in Parkinson's disease (PD), but such gambling behaviors may also occur in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We sought to estimate the prevalence of PG amongst members of a web‐based community, PatientsLikeMe.com. A survey was constructed, consisting of demographic information, the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS), the K‐6 measure of distress, and items related to motivation for gambling. Data were obtained from 236 ALS patients and 208 PD patients. Of the PD patients, 13% were classified as problem gamblers compared with 3% of ALS patients (χ2 = 14.005, P ≤ 0.001). PD patients reported thoughts about gambling to be more distressing, harder to resist and more outside their control than ALS patients. Thus, the higher prevalence of compulsive behavior in PD may relate to damaged reward pathways or medication rather than to the effects of living with a chronic progressive neurological disorder per se. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation for camptocormia associated with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Sako Wataru , Nishio Masami , Maruo Tomoyuki , Shimazu Hideki , Matsuzaki Kazuhito , Tamura Tetsuya , Mure Hideo , Ushio Yukitaka , Nagahiro Shinji , Kaji Ryuji , Goto Satoshi 
Published: April 2009

AbstractCamptocormia becomes increasingly recognized as a disabling symptom associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). We here report six patients with advanced PD in whom continuous bilateral stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus produced substantial (mean 78% ± 9.1% of the thoracolumbar angle) improvement of camptocormia along with other motor symptoms. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Nigrostriatal upregulation of 5‐HT2A receptors correlates with motor dysfunction in progressive supranuclear palsy
Authors: Stamelou Maria , Matusch Andreas , Elmenhorst David , Hurlemann René , Eggert Karla M. , Zilles Karl , Oertel Wolfgang H. , Höglinger Günter U. , Bauer Andreas 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA dysfunction of multiple neurotransmitter systems is assumed as a neurochemical basis of the akinetic‐rigid syndrome of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). In vitro studies have produced conflicting results on the serotoninergic system in PSP. We, therefore, studied the binding potential of the serotonin 2A (5‐HT2A) receptor ligand [18F]altanserin in 8 patients with clinically probable PSP and 13 healthy controls using positron emission tomography. We found an up‐regulation of 5‐HT2A receptors in the substantia nigra and, to a lower degree, in the striatum, while neocortical 5‐ HT2A receptor densities showed no changes upon partial‐volume correction. Nigral and striatal receptor changes were significantly correlated with patients' scores of motor dysfunction (UPDRS III, PSP‐rating scale) pointing to a functional relevance of the described findings. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Motion corrected intracranial MRA using PROPELLER with RF quadratic encoding
Authors: Zwart Nicholas R. , Pipe James G. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA new motion corrected Time‐of‐Flight MRA technique named Variable Pitch PROPELLER is presented. This technique employs the PROPELLER acquisition and reconstruction scheme for in‐plane bulk motion correction. A non‐ Fourier through‐plane encoding mechanism called quadratic encoding boosts SNR, relative to conventional 2D MRA, in lieu of traditional 3D encoding. Partial Fourier encoding is applied in the slice direction for a further reduction in scan time. This work details the construction and optimization of this technique. VPPROP MRAs are compared with a clinical MOTSA protocol. Initial results show promising robustness to bulk motion effects. The comparisons with MOTSA provide insight as to the additions required to create a comparable scan. Magn Reson Med, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Accelerated three‐dimensional upper airway MRI using compressed sensing
Authors: Kim Yoon‐Chul , Narayanan Shrikanth S. , Nayak Krishna S. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn speech‐production research, three‐dimensional (3D) MRI of the upper airway has provided insights into vocal tract shaping and data for its modeling. Small movements of articulators can lead to large changes in the produced sound, therefore improving the resolution of these data sets, within the constraints of a sustained speech sound (6–12 s), is an important area for investigation. The purpose of the study is to provide a first application of compressed sensing (CS) to high‐resolution 3D upper airway MRI using spatial finite difference as the sparsifying transform, and to experimentally determine the benefit of applying constraints on image phase. Estimates of image phase are incorporated into the CS reconstruction to improve the sparsity of the finite difference of the solution. In a retrospective subsampling experiment with no sound production, 5× and 4× were the highest acceleration factors that produced acceptable image quality when using a phase constraint and when not using a phase constraint, respectively. The prospective use of a 5× undersampled acquisition and phase‐constrained CS reconstruction enabled 3D vocal tract MRI during sustained sound production of English consonants /s/, /∫/, /l/, and /r/ with 1.5 × 1.5 × 2.0 mm3 spatial resolution and 7 s of scan time. Magn Reson Med, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Online correction of respiratory‐induced field disturbances for continuous MR‐thermometry in the breast
Authors: Hey S. , Maclair G. , de Senneville B. D. , Lepetit‐Coiffe M. , Berber Y. , Köhler M. O. , Quesson B. , Moonen C. T. W. , Ries M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMR‐thermometry allows monitoring of the local temperature evolution during minimally invasive interventional therapies. However, for the particular case of MR‐thermometry in the human breast, magnetic field variations induced by the respiratory cycle lead to phase fluctuations requiring a suitable correction strategy to prevent thermometry errors. For this purpose a look‐up‐table‐based multibaseline approach as well as a model‐based correction algorithm were applied to MR‐thermometry to correct for the periodic magnetic field changes. The proposed correction method is compatible with a variety of sensors monitoring the current respiratory state. The ability to remove phase artefacts during MR‐thermometry of the human breast was demonstrated experimentally in five healthy volunteers during 3 min of free‐breathing using pencil‐beam navigators for respiratory control. An increase of 170–530% in temperature precision was observed for the look‐up‐table‐based approach, whereas a further improvement by 16–36% could be achieved by applying the extended model‐based correction. Magn Reson Med, 61:1494–1499, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vivo measurement of local aortic pulse‐wave velocity in mice with MR microscopy at 17.6 tesla
Authors: Herold Volker , Parczyk Marco , Mörchel Philipp , Ziener Christian H. , Klug Gert , Bauer Wolfgang R. , Rommel Eberhard , Jakob Peter M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractTransgenic mouse models of human diseases have gained increasing importance in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). As an indirect measure of vascular stiffness, aortic pulse‐wave velocity (PWV) is an important predictor of cardiovascular risk. This study presents an MRI approach that uses a flow area method to estimate local aortic pulse‐wave velocity at different sites in the murine aorta. By simultaneously measuring the cross‐sectional area and the through‐plane velocity with a phase‐contrast CINE method, it was possible to measure average values for the PWV in the ascending and descending aorta within the range of 2.4–4.3 m/s for C57BL/6J mice (ages 2 and 8 months) and apoE‐knockout mice (age 8 months). Statistically significant differences of the mean values of the PWV of both groups could be determined. By repeating CINE measurements with a time delay of 1 ms between two subsequent data sets, an effective temporal resolution of 1000 frames/s (fps) could be achieved. Magn Reson Med, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Temporal changes in the T1 and T2 relaxation rates (ΔR1 and ΔR2) in the rat brain are consistent with the tissue‐clearance rates of elemental manganese
Authors: Chuang Kai‐Hsiang , Koretsky Alan P. , Sotak Christopher H. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractTemporal changes in the T1 and T2 relaxation rates (ΔR1 and ΔR2) in rat olfactory bulb (OB) and cortex were compared with the absolute manganese (Mn) concentrations from the corresponding excised tissue samples. In vivo T1 and T2 relaxation times were measured before, and at 1, 7, 28, and 35 d after intravenous infusion of 176 mg/kg MnCl2. The values of ΔR1, ΔR2, and absolute Mn concentration peaked at day 1 and then declined to near control levels after 28 to 35 d. The Mn bioelimination rate from the rat brain was significantly faster than that reported using radioisotope techniques. The R1 and R2 relaxation rates were linearly proportional to the underlying tissue Mn concentration and reflect the total absolute amount of Mn present in the tissue. The in vivo Mn r1 and r2 tissue relaxivities were comparable to the in vitro values for aqueous Mn2+. These results demonstrate that loss of manganese‐enhanced MRI (MEMRI) contrast after systemic Mn2+ administration is due to elimination of Mn2+ from the brain. Magn Reson Med, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.