bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of radiation dose associated with different generations of multidetector CT coronary angiography
Authors: Sabarudin Akmal , Sun Zhonghua , Ng Kwan‐Hoong 
Published: February 2012

SummaryThe purpose of this paper is to perform a systematic review on radiation dose reduction in coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography that is done using different generations of multidetector CT (MDCT) scanners ranging from four‐slice to 320‐slice CTs, and have different dose‐saving techniques. The method followed was to search for references on coronary CT angiography (CTA) that had been published in English between 1998 and February 2011. The effective radiation dose reported in each study based on different generations of MDCT scanners was analysed and compared between the types of scanners, gender, exposure factors and scanning protocols. Sixty‐six studies were eligible for inclusion in this analysis. The mean effective dose (ED) for MDCT angiography with retrospective electrocardiogram (ECG) gating without use of any dose‐saving protocol was 6.0 ± 2.8, 10.4 ± 4.90 and 11.8 ± 5.9 mSv for four‐slice, 16‐slice and 64‐slice CTs, respectively. More dose‐saving strategies were applied in recent CT generations including prospective ECG‐gating protocols, application of lower tube voltage and tube current modulation to achieve a noteworthy dose reduction. Prospective ECG‐gating protocol was increasingly used in 64, 125, 256 and 320 slices with corresponding ED of 4.1 ± 1.7, 3.6 ± 0.4, 3.0 ± 1.9 and 7.6 ± 1.6 mSv, respectively. Lower tube voltage and tube current modulation were widely applied in 64‐slice CT and resulted in significant dose reduction (P < 0.05). This analysis has shown that dose‐saving strategies can substantially reduce the radiation dose in CT coronary angiography. The fact that more and more clinicians are opting for dose‐saving strategies in CT coronary angiography indicates an increased awareness of risks associated with high radiation doses among them.
Australian & New Zealand Faculty of Radiation Oncology Genito‐Urinary Group: 2011 consensus guidelines for curative radiotherapy for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder
Authors: Hindson Benjamin R , Turner Sandra L , Millar Jeremy L , Foroudi Farshad , Gogna N Kumar , Skala Marketa , Kneebone Andrew , Christie David RH , Lehman Margot , Wiltshire Kirsty L , Tai Keen‐Hun ,   on behalf of the RANZCR Faculty of Radiation Oncology Genito‐Urinary Group (FROGG)
Published: February 2012

SummaryCurative radiotherapy, with or without concurrent chemotherapy, is recognized as a standard treatment option for muscle‐invasive bladder cancer. It is commonly used for two distinct groups of patients: either for those medically unfit for surgery, or as part of a ‘bladder preserving’ management plan incorporating the possibility of salvage cystectomy. However, in both situations, the approach to radiotherapy varies widely around the world. The Australian and New Zealand Faculty of Radiation Oncology Genito‐Urinary Group recognised a need to develop consistent, evidence‐based guidelines for patient selection and radiotherapy technique in the delivery of curative radiotherapy. Following a workshop convened in May 2009, a working party collated opinions and conducted a wide literature appraisal linking each recommendation with the best available evidence. This process was subject to ongoing re‐presentation to the Faculty of Radiation Oncology Genito‐Urinary Group members prior to final endorsement. These Guidelines include patient selection, radiation target delineation, dose and fractionation schedules, normal tissue constraints and investigational techniques. Particular emphasis is given to the rationale for the target volumes described. These Guidelines provide a consensus‐based framework for the delivery of curative radiotherapy for muscle‐invasive bladder cancer. Widespread input from radiation oncologists treating bladder cancer ensures that these techniques are feasible in practice. We recommend these Guidelines be adopted widely in order to encourage a uniformly high standard of radiotherapy in this setting, and to allow for better comparison of outcomes.
Spectrum of imaging in Budd Chiari syndrome
Authors: Patil Pritam , Deshmukh Hemant , Popat Bhavesh , Rathod Krantikumar 
Published: February 2012

SummaryBudd Chiari syndrome is an uncommon heterogeneous group of disorders which occur due to obstruction at any level from the hepatic venules to the junction of inferior vena cava and right atrium of heart which has significant morbidity and mortality. An early diagnosis of the disease is required for appropriate treatment. Due to the diffuse nature of the disease, normal biopsy findings do not exclude the disease. Proper clinical history and imaging are essential for definitive diagnosis. In this pictorial essay, we discuss the imaging spectrum of Budd Chiari syndrome.
Short‐term progression of wet AMD and correlation with 1‐year treatment results
Authors: Munk Marion , Kiss Christopher , Sulzbacher Florian , Eisenkölbl Stefan , Sacu Stefan , Kalcher Klaudius , Jampol Lee , Schmidt‐Erfurth Ursula 
Published: February 2012

Abstract.Purpose:  Quantification of short‐term progression of active neovascular age‐related macular degeneration and correlation with 1‐year outcome.Methods:  Sixty‐five patients with newly diagnosed treatment‐naive active subfoveal choroidal neovascularization (CNV), who had participated in clinical trials testing anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy, were retrospectively assessed. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA), Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD‐OCT) and fluorescein angiography (FA) were performed twice during the pretreatment period. Changes in BCVA, central retinal thickness (CRT), average macular thickness (AMT) and leakage area were documented within this pretreatment period for all patients and for lesion type I (occult CNV, n = 42) and type II (classic CNV, n = 23). Three‐month and 1‐year BCVA were then correlated with the pretreatment period.Results:  The pretreatment period was 19 ± 3 days (range: 2–108). Neither type I nor type II lesions showed a significant BCVA decrease or CRT/AMT increase during this period. On FA, mean leakage area increased significantly during the pretreatment period: in the pooled group from 5.50 ± 0.62 (screening) to 7.60 ± 0.86 mm2 (baseline) (p < 0.0001), in type II from 4.65 ± 0.90 to 7.83 ± 1.62 mm2 (p < 0.01) and in type I from 6.08 ± 0.85 to 7.45 ± 0.96 mm2 (p < 0.0001). The mean increase in leakage area per day was 0.046 ± 0.02 mm2, p = 0.034. Type II showed a daily growth of 0.09 ± 0.08 mm2 (p < 0.042) and type I 0.045 ± 0.008 mm2 per day (p < 0.0001). However, neither leakage area increase nor pretreatment period was correlated with 3‐month or 1‐year BCVA outcome.Conclusions:  SD‐OCT and BCVA testing did not reveal deterioration during the pretreatment period. However, the leakage area progressed rapidly. Despite the rapid increasing leakage area, the 19‐day waiting period was not associated with a poorer visual outcome at 3 months and 1 year.
Efficacy of Dose Escalation of Tamsulosin for the Treatment of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms
Authors: KIM Jin Wook , OH Mi Mi , YEO Jeong Kyun , BAE Jae Hyun , JOO Kwan Joong , CHOI Jong Bo , PARK Hong Seok , KIM Hyung Jee , MOON Du Geon , LEE Jeong Gu 
Published: February 2012

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of low (0.2 mg) and intermediate (0.4 mg) dose tamsulosin in treating lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).Methods: Patients were treated with low‐dose tamsulosin for an initial run‐in period of 12 weeks, then divided into two groups based on their clinical improvement. Patients were measured for objective parameters of peak flow rate and postvoid residual urine volume, as well as subjective symptom scores and perceived patient benefit of treatment. The items were then integrated as the LUTS Outcome Score to determine dose increase or maintenance. Overall outcome was determined at 36 weeks.Results: One hundred and seventy‐four patients were enrolled and started on 0.2 mg tamsulosin treatment. One hundred and fifty‐five patients completed the 36‐week study. Sixty patients required dose increase to 0.4 mg at the 12th week. Baseline characteristics showed that a patient who would benefit from 0.4 mg dosage had higher age, daytime frequency, and lower peak urine flow rate. Patients receiving both 0.2 and 0.04 mg both showed improved clinical outcome measures. Higher improvement was found in voiding component symptom scores and urine flow rate improvement in patients receiving an increased dose.Conclusion: Both low‐ and intermediate‐dose tamsulosin are effective treatment regimens. Increasing from low to intermediate dose should follow assessment of both objective and subjective improvements.
Lung Cancer Risk in Workers in the Meat and Poultry Industries – A Review
Authors: Johnson E. S. , Choi K.‐M. 
Published: February 2012

SummaryLaboratory and in vivo studies in primates, and serological evidence in humans, indicate that food animal oncogenic viruses show potential for causing cancer in humans. However, until fairly recently, supporting analytic epidemiologic studies have been lacking and have concentrated on lung cancer. We conducted an extensive Medline search and reviewed 60 studies investigating lung cancer risk in highly exposed workers in the meat and poultry industries. The overwhelming majority of studies of different designs (including all the cohort mortality and cancer incidence studies) indicate at least a 30% excess risk of lung cancer in meat and poultry plant workers, even after controlling for smoking. Evidence points to food animal oncogenic microorganisms as one of the main causes. This has important public health implications because the general population is also widely exposed. Studies carried out thus far have not had sufficient statistical power to investigate other potentially carcinogenic exposures within the industries. Thus, large studies that can adequately control for occupational and non‐occupational confounding factors are needed, so that the possible role of food animal oncogenic viruses in the occurrence of human lung cancer can be clearly defined.
Fibrinous pericarditis and cardiac tamponade in a 3‐week‐old pony foal
Authors: Alcott C. J. , Howard J. , Wong D. , Haynes J. 
Published: February 2012

SummaryA 3‐week‐old Pony of the Americas foal presented with a history of respiratory distress presumed to result fromActinobacillus equulipleuropneumonia and septic arthritis. Failure of transfer of passive colostral immunity was suspected, but not confirmed, based on a history of the foal being separated from its dam shortly after parturition. Transient improvement was noted following thoracocentesis and removal of approximately 600 ml of pleural fluid but progressive clinical signs of congestive heart failure developed. Fibrinous pericarditis with evidence of cardiac tamponade was subsequently diagnosed via thoracic ultrasonography. Early clinical signs of cardiogenic shock were identified and fibrinopurulent exudate removed through a catheter placed with ultrasound guidance into the pericardium. The foal experienced cardiorespiratory arrest during the procedure and died despite resuscitative efforts.Post mortemexamination identified extensive hypertrophy of the pericardium, septic arthritis, mild pleural effusion and focal bronchopneumonia. This report details the clinical evaluation, haematology, treatment andpost mortempathology of a foal withActinobacillus equuliassociated fibrinous pericarditis, as well as a brief review of cardiac tamponade.
Exploring stakeholder perspectives on medication review services for older residents in retirement villages
Authors: Lee Cik Yi , George Johnso , Elliott Rohan A , Stewart Ka 
Published: February 2012

Abstract

Objective
To explore stakeholder perspectives on a government-subsidised Home Medicines Review (HMR) service and factors affecting the uptake of HMRs for older residents of retirement villages in Australia.

Methods
Thirty-two in-depth interviews and four focus groups were undertaken with a purposive sample of 32 residents of retirement villages, 10 pharmacists, nine general practitioners (GPs) and a general practice nurse. Data were transcribed verbatim and analysed using the framework approach.

Key findings
Three major themes were identified: participants' perceptions of the HMR service, barriers to the uptake of HMRs and strategies for increasing the uptake of HMR. Residents had positive, negative or mixed perceptions, whereas health professionals were generally positive about the benefits of the service. Barriers to the uptake of HMRs were related to GPs, pharmacists, patients and the healthcare system. A strategy recommended by multiple stakeholders for increasing the uptake of HMRs was to use a multi-faceted intervention targeting residents and their health professionals.

Conclusions
Multiple barriers to the uptake of HMRs and multiple strategies for increasing the uptake of HMRs were identified. These findings could inform the design of interventions to improve uptake of HMRs by residents and health professionals, in turn leading to better medicine use and safety.
Pre-pregnancy body mass index and the risk of adverse outcome in type 1 diabetic pregnancies: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Persson Martina , Pasupathy Dharmintra , Hanson Ulf , Westgren Magnus , Norman Mikael 
Published: February 2012

ObjectiveTo assess the risk of perinatal complications in overweight and obese women with and without type 1 diabetes (T1DM).DesignProspective population-based cohort study.SettingThis study was based on data from the Swedish Medical Birth Registry from 1998 to 2007.Participants3457 T1DM and 764 498 non-diabetic pregnancies were included. T1DM was identified based on ICD code O24.0. Mothers were categorised according to pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI: weight in kilograms per height in square metres) as normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.9), overweight (BMI 25–29.9) or obese (BMI ≥30). Only women with singleton pregnancies and with data on BMI were included.Primary/secondary outcomesThe primary outcome was large for gestational age (LGA: birth weight >90th percentile) infants. Secondary outcomes were major malformations, pre-eclampsia (PE), preterm delivery, perinatal mortality, delivery by Caesarean section and neonatal overweight. Logistic regression analysis was performed with normal weight non-diabetic women as the reference category and also within the diabetic cohort with normal weight type 1 diabetic women as the reference. The ORs were adjusted for ethnicity, maternal age, height, parity, smoking and chronic hypertension.Results35% of women with T1DM were overweight and 18% were obese, as compared with 26% and 11%, respectively, in non-diabetic pregnancies. The incidences of adverse outcome increased with greater BMI category. As compared with non-diabetic normal weight women, the adjusted OR for obese T1DM for LGA was 13.26 (95% CI 11.27 to 15.59), major malformations 4.11 (95% CI 2.99 to 5.65) and PE 14.19 (95% CI 11.50 to 17.50). T1DM was a significant effect modifier of the association between BMI and LGA, major malformations and PE (p<0.001).ConclusionHigh pre-pregnancy BMI is an important risk factor for adverse outcome in type 1 diabetic pregnancies. The combined effect of both T1DM and overweight or obesity constitutes the greatest risk. It seems prudent to strive towards normal pre-pregnancy BMI in women with T1DM.
A Novel Monoclonal Antibody to Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 Effectively Inhibits Growth of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Xenografts
Authors: Wang Lihong , Park Hangil , Chhim Sophea , Ding Yi , Jiang Wei , Queen Cary , Kim K. Jin 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Expression of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) is believed to be a contributing factor to the growth of a number of tumor types, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the potential of monoclonal antibodies that neutralize FGF2 for treatment of patients with cancer has not yet been explored in clinical trials. We therefore generated a novel monoclonal antibody (mAb), GAL-F2, specific for FGF2 and characterized its properties in vitro and in vivo. GAL-F2 binds to a different epitope than several previous anti-FGF2 mAbs tested. This novel epitope was defined using chimeric FGF1/FGF2 proteins and alanine scanning mutagenesis and was shown to comprise amino acids in both the amino and carboxy regions of FGF2. GAL-F2 blocked binding of FGF2 to each of its four cellular receptors, strongly inhibited FGF2-induced proliferation and downstream signaling in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and inhibited proliferation and downstream signaling in two HCC cell lines. Moreover, GAL-F2, administered at 5 mg/kg i.p. twice weekly, potently inhibited growth of xenografts of the SMMC-7721, HEP-G2, and SK-HEP-1 human HCC cell lines in nude mice, and in some models, had a strong additive effect with an anti-VEGF mAb or sorafenib. Treatment with GAL-F2 also blocked angiogenesis and inhibited downstream cellular signaling in xenografts, indicating its antitumor mechanism of action. Our report supports clinical testing of a humanized form of the GAL-F2 mAb for treatment of HCC and potentially other cancers. Mol Cancer Ther; 11(4); 864–72. ©2012 AACR.
Autophagy Inhibition Synergistically Enhances Anticancer Efficacy of RAMBA, VN/12-1 in SKBR-3 Cells, and Tumor Xenografts
Authors: Godbole Abhijit M. , Purushottamachar Puranik , Martin Marlena S. , Daskalakis Constantine , Njar Vincent C.O. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
VN/12-1 is a novel retinoic acid metabolism blocking agent discovered in our laboratory. The purpose of the study was to elucidate the molecular mechanism of anticancer activity of VN/12-1 in breast cancer cell lines and in tumor xenografts. We investigated the effects of VN/12-1 on induction of autophagy and apoptosis in SKBR-3 cells. Furthermore, we also examined the impact of pharmacologic and genomic inhibition of autophagy on anticancer activity of VN/12-1. Finally, the antitumor activity of VN/12-1 was evaluated as a single agent and in combination with autophagy inhibitor chloroquine in an SKBR-3 mouse xenograft model. Short exposure of low dose (&lt;10 μmol/L) of VN/12-1 induced endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, and inhibited G1–S phase transition and caused a protective response. However, a higher dose of VN/12-1 initiated apoptosis in vitro. Inhibition of autophagy using either pharmacologic inhibitors or RNA interference of Beclin-1 enhanced anticancer activity induced by VN/12-1 in SKBR-3 cells by triggering apoptosis. Importantly, VN/12-1 (5 mg/kg twice weekly) and the combination of VN/12-1 (5 mg/kg twice weekly) + chloroquine (50 mg/kg twice weekly) significantly suppressed established SKBR-3 tumor growth by 81.4% (P &lt; 0.001 vs. control) and 96.2% (P &lt; 0.001 vs. control), respectively. Our novel findings suggest that VN/12-1 may be useful as a single agent or in combination with autophagy inhibitors for treating human breast cancers. Our data provides a strong rationale for clinical evaluation of VN/12-1 as single agent or in combination with autophagy inhibitors. Mol Cancer Ther; 11(4); 898–908. ©2012 AACR.
Characterization of an Oxaliplatin Sensitivity Predictor in a Preclinical Murine Model of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Kim Mickey K. , Osada Takuya , Barry William T. , Yang Xiao Yi , Freedman Jennifer A. , Tsamis Katherine A. , Datto Michael , Clary Bryan M. , Clay Timothy , Morse Michael A. , Febbo Philip G. , Lyerly H. Kim , Hsu David S. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractDespite advances in contemporary chemotherapeutic strategies, long-term survival still remains elusive for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. A better understanding of the molecular markers of drug sensitivity to match therapy with patient is needed to improve clinical outcomes. In this study, we used in vitro drug sensitivity data from the NCI-60 cell lines together with their Affymetrix microarray data to develop a gene expression signature to predict sensitivity to oxaliplatin. To validate our oxaliplatin sensitivity signature, patient-derived colorectal cancer explants (PDCCE) were developed in nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mice from resected human colorectal tumors. Analysis of gene expression profiles found similarities between the PDCCEs and their parental human tumors, suggesting their utility to study drug sensitivity in vivo. The oxaliplatin sensitivity signature was then validated in vivo with response data from 14 PDCCEs treated with oxaliplatin and was found to have an accuracy of 92.9% (sensitivity = 87.5%; specificity = 100%). Our findings suggest that PDCCEs can be a novel source to study drug sensitivity in colorectal cancer. Furthermore, genomic-based analysis has the potential to be incorporated into future strategies to optimize individual therapy for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 11(7); 1500–9. ©2012 AACR.
Functional Overlap Between Chondroitin and Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans During VEGF-Induced Sprouting Angiogenesis
Authors: Jan Sébastien Le , Hayashi Makoto , Kasza Zsolt , Eriksson Inger , Bishop Joseph R. , Weibrecht Irene , Heldin Johan , Holmborn Katarina , Jakobsson Lars , Söderberg Ola , Spillmann Dorothe , Esko Jeffrey D. , Claesson-Welsh Lena , Kjellén Lena , Kreuger Johan 
Published: February 2012

Objective—
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans regulate key steps of blood vessel formation. The present study was undertaken to investigate if there is a functional overlap between heparan sulfate proteoglycans and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans during sprouting angiogenesis.

Methods and Results—
Using cultures of genetically engineered mouse embryonic stem cells, we show that angiogenic sprouting occurs also in the absence of heparan sulfate biosynthesis. Cells unable to produce heparan sulfate instead increase their production of chondroitin sulfate that binds key angiogenic growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor A, transforming growth factor β, and platelet-derived growth factor B. Lack of heparan sulfate proteoglycan production however leads to increased pericyte numbers and reduced adhesion of pericytes to nascent sprouts, likely due to dysregulation of transforming growth factor β and platelet-derived growth factor B signal transduction.

Conclusion—
The present study provides direct evidence for a previously undefined functional overlap between chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and heparan sulfate proteoglycans during sprouting angiogenesis. Our findings provide information relevant for potential future drug design efforts that involve targeting of proteoglycans in the vasculature.