bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Redox Modification of EMACs Through the Tuning of Ligands: Heptametal(II) Complexes of Pyrazine‐Modulated Oligo‐α‐pyridylamido Ligands
Authors: Ismayilov Rayyat Huseyn , Wang Wen‐Zhen , Lee Gene‐Hsiang , Chien Chih‐Hsien , Jiang Chien‐Hong , Chiu Chien‐Lan , Yeh Chen‐Yu , Peng Shie‐Ming 
Published: April 2009

AbstractUsing pyrazine‐modulated oligo‐α‐pyridylamido ligands N2‐(pyrazin‐2‐yl)‐N6‐[6‐(pyrazin‐2‐ylamino)pyridin‐2‐yl]pyridine‐2,6‐diamine (H3pzpz) and N2‐(pyrazin‐2‐yl)‐N6‐[6‐(pyridin‐2‐ylamino)pyridin‐2‐yl]pyridine‐2,6‐diamine (H3tpz), linear heptametal(II) extended metal atom chains (EMACs) [M7(μ7‐L)4X2] [L = pzpz3–, M = NiII, X = Cl– (1), NCS– (2); M = CrII, X = Cl– (3), NCS– (4); L = tpz3–, M = CrII, X = Cl– (5), NCS– (6)] were synthesized and structurally characterized. Electrochemical studies showed that heptanickel(II) complexes can undergo one reversible oxidation at +0.46 V for 1 and +0.52 V for 2. Chromium(II) species 3 exhibited two reversible, one‐electron oxidation peaks at +0.61 and +0.88 V, and 5 exhibited three reversible, one‐electron oxidation peaks at +0.40, +0.68 and +1.07 V. The redox peaks shifted positively when axial ligands changed from chloride to thiocyanate anions, at +0.67 and +0.92 V for 4 and +0.44, +0.73 and +1.11 V for 6. The introduction of electron‐withdrawing pyrazine rings to the spacer ligand retarded oxidation of the heptametal EMACs and stabilized the complexes. In nickel(II) species 1 and 2, both terminal nickel atoms exist in spin state S = 1 whereas all the inner nickel atoms exist in spin state S = 0. Temperature‐dependent magnetic research revealed an antiferromagnetic interaction between the two terminal atoms through a superexchange pathway along metal cores with a parameter of about–4 cm–1. Chromium(II) species 3–6 showed a localized structure consisting of three quadruple Cr–Cr bonds and a single terminal CrII atom. Magnetic study revealed a quintet ground state resulting from the isolated, high‐spin CrII atom.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
A sheathless CE/ESI‐MS interface with an ionophore membrane‐packed electro‐conduction channel
Authors: Shi Lian‐Hua , Jin You‐Xun , Moon Dong‐Cheul , Kim Sook‐Kyung , Park Sang‐Ryoul 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA robust and convenient sheathless CE/ESI‐MS interface realized with an ionophore membrane‐packed electro‐conduction channel is described. Sheathless interfaces that may provide higher sensitivity for MS detection than sheath flow‐supported interfaces generally show instability and short lifetimes due to their imperfection in making an electrical contact with the emitter tip. In this work, we designed a sheathless interface based on an ionophore membrane‐packed electro‐conduction channel. At the joining point of the CE capillary and the emitter capillary, the conduction channel was implemented toward the exterior of the interface body, where a platinum wire electrode was placed. The conduction channel transferred the electric field from the external Pt electrode to the joining point, but prevented the effluent of CE from leaking. The interface body was designed to have receptacles for standard capillary tubing with finger‐tight fittings, which allowed easy replacement of capillary tubing. Stable electrospray was observed for an extended time period without any signs of bubbling or damage to the emitter tip. No significant increment of dead‐volume at the interface was observed for well‐aligned capillaries. Sensitive and stable CE‐MS detection of the model compound of creatinine and uric acid was demonstrated.
Spectral properties and ring conformation of some novel 2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐1,4‐diazepinium cations
Authors: Potter G. W. H. , Coleman M. W. , Monro A. M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA series of 2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐1,4‐diazepinium salts, which includes fused ring systems of known ring‐junction configuration, has been prepared. A study of the spectral properties indicates that this ring system is largely planar and is sufficiently flexible to permit cis and trans fusion at the 2,3‐bond to 5‐ or 6‐membered rings without significant distortion.
The direct thionation and aminoalkylation of pyridine 1‐oxides and related reactions
Authors: Abramovitch Rudolph A. , Knaus Edward E. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe reaction of lithiopyridine 1‐oxides with oxygen gives poor yields of 1‐hydroxy‐2‐pyridones. The reaction with sulfur, however, is a convenient route to the 1‐hydroxy‐2‐pyridinethiones which have useful antibacterial and antifungal activity. Reaction with ethylene oxide gives mainly polymeric products, but addition to Shiff's bases promises to be a convenient mode of mono‐, and particularly di‐α‐aminoalkylation of pyridine 1‐oxides.
Synthesis of some phenothiazinyl and carbazolyl pyrylium salts
Authors: Van Allan J. , Reynolds G. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract2,6‐Diphenyl‐4H‐pyran‐4‐one in the presence of phosphorus oxychloride reacted with phenothiazine to give a pyryliurn salt which was bonded in the 4‐position to the nitrogen atom of phenothiazine. Carbazole gave a similar type of product. When the N‐methyl derivatives of phenothiazine and carbazole were allowed to react under the same conditions, the coupling took place on the phenyl ring para to the nitrogen atom. In contrast to phenothiazine, benzo[a]‐phenothiazine gave a product arising by coupling into the phenyl ring.
Use of the Long Baseline Array in Australia for Precise Geodesy and Absolute Astrometry
Authors: Petrov Leonid , Phillips Chris , Bertarini Alessandra , Deller Adam , Pogrebenko Sergei , Mujunen Ari 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe report the results of a successful 12-hour 22-GHz VLBI experiment using a heterogeneous network that includes radio telescopes of the Long Baseline Array (LBA) in Australia and several VLBI stations that regularly observe in geodetic VLBI campaigns. We have determined positions of three VLBI stations, atca-104, ceduna and mopra, with an accuracy of 4–30 mm using a novel technique of data analysis. These stations have never before participated in geodetic experiments. We observed 105 radio sources, and amongst them 5 objects which have not previously been observed with VLBI. We have determined positions of these new sources with the accuracy of 2–5 mas. We make the conclusion that the LBA network is capable of conducting absolute astrometry VLBI surveys with an accuracy better than 5 mas.
VTC4 Is a Bifunctional Enzyme That Affects Myoinositol and Ascorbate Biosynthesis in Plants
Authors: Torabinejad Javad , Donahue Janet L. , Gunesekera Bhadra N. , Allen-Daniels Matthew J. , Gillaspy Glenda E. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Myoinositol synthesis and catabolism are crucial in many multiceullar eukaryotes for the production of phosphatidylinositol signaling molecules, glycerophosphoinositide membrane anchors, cell wall pectic noncellulosic polysaccharides, and several other molecules including ascorbate. Myoinositol monophosphatase (IMP) is a major enzyme required for the synthesis of myoinositol and the breakdown of myoinositol (1,4,5)trisphosphate, a potent second messenger involved in many biological activities. It has been shown that the VTC4 enzyme from kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) has similarity to IMP and can hydrolyze l-galactose 1-phosphate (l-Gal 1-P), suggesting that this enzyme may be bifunctional and linked with two potential pathways of plant ascorbate synthesis. We describe here the kinetic comparison of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) recombinant VTC4 with d-myoinositol 3-phosphate (d-Ins 3-P) and l-Gal 1-P. Purified VTC4 has only a small difference in the V max/K m for l-Gal 1-P as compared with d-Ins 3-P and can utilize other related substrates. Inhibition by either Ca2+ or Li+, known to disrupt cell signaling, was the same with both l-Gal 1-P and d-Ins 3-P. To determine whether the VTC4 gene impacts myoinositol synthesis in Arabidopsis, we isolated T-DNA knockout lines of VTC4 that exhibit small perturbations in abscisic acid, salt, and cold responses. Analysis of metabolite levels in vtc4 mutants showed that less myoinositol and ascorbate accumulate in these mutants. Therefore, VTC4 is a bifunctional enzyme that impacts both myoinositol and ascorbate synthesis pathways.
Posttranslational Regulation of CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED1 in the Circadian Oscillator of Arabidopsis
Authors: Yakir Esther , Hilman Dror , Kron Ido , Hassidim Miriam , Melamed-Book Naomi , Green Rachel M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAs an adaptation to life in a world with predictable daily changes, most eukaryotes and some prokaryotes have endogenous circadian (approximately 24 h) clocks. In plants, the circadian clock regulates a diverse range of cellular and physiological events from gene expression and protein phosphorylation to cellular calcium oscillations, hypocotyl growth, leaf movements, and photoperiod-dependent flowering. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), as in other model organisms, such as Drosophila (Drosophila melanogaster) and mice, circadian rhythms are generated by molecular oscillators that consist of interlocking feedback loops involving a number of elements. CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED1 (CCA1) and LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYLS (LHY) are closely related single myb transcription factors that have been identified as key elements in the Arabidopsis oscillator. Research in other model organisms has shown that posttranslational regulation of oscillator components plays a critical role in the generation of the approximately 24-h cycles. To examine the role of posttranslational regulation of CCA1 and LHY in the Arabidopsis oscillator, we generated transgenic plants with tagged CCA1 and LHY under the control of their own promoters. We have shown that these tagged proteins are functional and can restore normal circadian rhythms to CCA1- and LHY-null plants. Using the tagged proteins, we demonstrate that CCA1 can form both homodimers and heterodimers with LHY. Furthermore, we also show that CCA1 is localized to the nucleus in vivo and that there is no significant delay between the translation of CCA1 and its translocation to the nucleus. We discuss our findings in the context of the functioning of the Arabidopsis oscillator.
Dual hepatitis virus infections in liver transplant: case report and a review of the literature
Authors: Yataco Maria L. , Dickson Rolland C. , Bonatti Hugo , Aranda‐Michel Jaime , Mendez Julio , Ghabril Marwan , Nguyen Justin 
Published: April 2009

Abstract:  Background:  Liver transplantation (LT) using grafts from anti‐HBVcore antibody‐positive (anti‐HBVcAB+) donors carry risk for development of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The long‐term course of hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients receiving anti‐HBVcAB+ grafts is poorly understood.Patients and methods:  A patient with chronic hepatitis C received an anti‐HBVc+ graft and developed de novo hepatitis B after four months. We describe the 14 HCV patients who received antiHBVc+ grafts and the condition of disease.Results:  Hepatitis B was treated successfully with lamivudine. One year later, breakthrough infection developed with a lamivudine‐resistant mutant. Addition of adefovir led to HBV surface antigen to surface antibody seroconversion after two yr, which was maintained long term. Antiviral therapy was discontinued. Liver biopsy revealed minimal histologic changes up to eight yr post‐LT. Survival of 14 recipients of antiHBVc+ allografts and 180 recipients of antiHBVc‐negative grafts was equal (minimum follow up of five yr). Liver biopsies at four yr showed grade 0/1 and stage 0/1 in >70%; only two patients showed bridging fibrosis. A literature review of dual hepatitis virus infection revealed an overall milder course of hepatitis post‐LT.Conclusion:  The outcome of HCV patients receiving anti‐HBc+ grafts is good and may be associated with a milder course of recurrent HCV.
THE EYE, VISION AND PHOTOGRAMMETRY
Authors: Bedwell C. H. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe author begins by discussing the optical system of the eye, refractive errors and their correction, the image receiving and perception system, visual resolution and fixation of objects. Binocular vision and depth perception are then considered, particularly when viewing a pair of photographs stereoscopically through independent optical systems. The effect of relevant visual anomalies on photogrammetric performance and the screening of candidates for photogrammetric work are then discussed.
A NEW PHOTOGRAMMETRIC PLOTTER: THE CP1
Authors: Thompson E. H. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe paper describes a new type of photogrammetric plotter based on first order formulae. It differs from other attempts at this, in that all the implications of these formulae are accepted with the three principal consequences that the operator views a model that is free of y‐parallax, that all effects of convergence of the pictures, including errors in the vertical scale, are removed and that geometrical errors in the heights do not increase with increasing ground elevations. The principles lead to a robust, cheap plotter.
DETERMINATION OF THE WIND VECTOR IN THE LOWER ATMOSPHERE BY STEREOPHOTOGRAMMETRIC SURVEYS OF SMOKE MARKS
Authors: Pietschner J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA method is described for determining wind vectors in the lower atmosphere from terrestrial stereophotography. The photographs were taken with specially adapted aerial cameras using the normal or parallel averted case with horizontal camera axes. The most favourable photographic registration was obtained on ORWO UT 16 colour reversal film. Photograph co‐ordinates and horizontal parallaxes were measured and recorded on punched tape with the Zeiss (Jena) stecometer. Vector components, which were calculated from co‐ordinate differences, and a statistical analysis were obtained by using an electronic computer.
Efficacy of treatments for patients with obsessive‐compulsive disorder: A systematic review
Authors: Choi Yun‐Jung 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPurpose: This systematic review examines the efficacy of pharmacological therapy for obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD), addressing two major issues: which treatment is most effective in treating the patient’s symptoms and which is beneficial for maintaining remission.Data sources: Seven databases were used to acquire articles. The key words used to search for the relative topics published from 1996 to 2007 were “obsessive‐compulsive disorder” and “Yale‐Brown obsession‐compulsion scale.” Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 25 studies were selected from 57 potentially relevant studies.Conclusions: The effects of treatment with clomipramine and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs: fluvoxamine, sertraline, fluoxetine, citalopram, and escitalopram) proved to be similar, except for the lower adherence rate in case of clomipramine because of its side effects. An adequate drug trial involves administering an effective daily dose for a minimum of 8 weeks. An augmentation strategy proven effective for individuals refractory to monotherapy with SSRI treatment alone is the use of atypical antipsychotics (risperidone, olanzapine, and quetiapine).Implications for practice: Administration of fluvoxamine or sertraline to patients for an adequate duration is recommended as the first‐line prescription for OCD, and augmentation therapy with risperidone, olanzapine, or quetiapine is recommended for refractory OCD.
Analysis of hemagglutinin-mediated entry tropism of H5N1 avian influenza
Authors: Guo Ying , Rumschlag-Booms Emily , Wang Jizhen , Xiao Haixia , Yu Jia , Wang Jianwei , Guo Li , Gao George F , Cao Youjia , Caffrey Michael , Rong Lijun 
Published: April 2009

Abstract

Background
Avian influenza virus H5N1 is a major concern as a potential global pandemic. It is thought that multiple key events must take place before efficient human-to-human transmission of the virus occurs. The first step in overcoming host restriction is viral entry which is mediated by HA, responsible for both viral attachment and viral/host membrane fusion. HA binds to glycans-containing receptors with terminal sialic acid (SA). It has been shown that avian influenza viruses preferentially bind to α2,3-linked SAs, while human influenza A viruses exhibit a preference for α2,6-linked SAs. Thus it is believed the precise linkage of SAs on the target cells dictate host tropism of the viruses.

Results
We demonstrate that H5N1 HA/HIV pseudovirus can efficiently transduce several human cell lines including human lung cells. Interestingly, using a lectin binding assay we show that the presence of both α2,6-linked and α2,3-linked SAs on the target cells does not always correlate with efficient transduction. Further, HA substitutions of the residues implicated in switching SA-binding between avian and human species did not drastically affect HA-mediated transduction of the target cells or target cell binding.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that a host factor(s), which is yet to be identified, is required for H5N1 entry in the host cells.
Dedialectalization or the Death of a Dialect: The Case of the Catalan Subdialect Spoken in the Costa Brava
Authors: Perea Maria-Pilar 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Catalan includes six dialectal areas. In general, all of them are subdivided into subdialects. Eastern Catalan incorporates five subdialects: the northern transitional subdialect, the subdialects of Barcelona and Tarragona, and the so-called xipella and salat subdialects, which have only been defined by one dialectal feature. These particular traits are dying out at the moment.
The aim of this paper is to study the process of extinction of the salat subdialect. The project L'arxiu audiovisual del parlar salat de la Costa Brava (The archive of the salat subdialect of the Costa Brava), started in 2004, shows the vitality of this subdialect and its present-day situation.
A Sequential O‐Nitrosoaldol and Grignard Addition Process: An Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Entry to Chiral 1,2‐Diols
Authors: Jiao Peng , Kawasaki Masanori , Yamamoto Hisashi 
Published: April 2009

AbstractChirale 1,2‐Diole wurden ausgehend von α‐aminoxylierten Aldehyden oder Cyclohexanon und Grignard‐Reagentien mit L‐Prolin oder dem gezeigten Tetrazolderivat als Katalysator erhalten. Die Gegenwart eines at‐Komplexes von CeCl3⋅2 LiCl ist entscheidend für hohe Ausbeuten und Selektivitäten (siehe Schema; DMSO=Dimethylsulfoxid, THF=Tetrahydrofuran, Tol=Tolyl).magnified image
Preparation and comparison of two electrodes for supercapacitors: Pani/CNT/Ni and Pani/Alizarin‐treated nickel
Authors: Koysuren Ozcan , Du Chunsheng , Pan Ning , Bayram Goknur 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPolyaniline in emeraldine form was synthesized in the presence of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and the electrochemical capacitance performance of thus formed composite as electrode material has been studied. The polyaniline/carbon nanotubes (Pani/CNT) composite is found to result in a higher specific capacitance than that of either composite constituent, attributable to the double‐layer capacitance behavior of the nanotubes in the Pani/CNT system. However, once assembled into a two‐electrode cell, lower than expected specific capacitance values from 1 to 20 F/g were obtained, and such reduction is most likely caused by the contact resistance between the Pani/CNT electrodes and the nickel (Ni) current collectors. To improve the situation, a chemical treatment was applied to the nickel foil, and the Pani solution is then deposited on the surface of the foil to form a coated structure (Pani/Ni). The thickness and weight of the Pani films can be controlled by adjusting the concentration of the Pani solution. The specific capacitance of the cell with electrodes made of the new Pani/Ni composite was found to reach as high as 35.5 F/g. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Studies on ethylene‐propylene‐diene rubber modification by N‐chlorothio‐N‐butyl‐benzenesulfonamide
Authors: Zhang H. , Datta R. , Talma A. , Noordermeer J. W. M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractN‐Chlorothiosulfonamides have been used to modify ethylene‐propylene‐diene rubber (EPDM) to enhance the compatibility of EPDM in, e.g., natural rubber (NR)/butadiene rubber (BR)/EPDM blends for ozone resistance. N‐Chlorothio‐N‐butyl‐benzenesulfonamide (CTBBS) was selected as a representative for N‐chlorothiosulfonamides. In this study, we found that CTBBS behaves differently with various types of EPDM. Three types of EPDM were selected: ethylidene norbornene (ENB)‐EPDM, hexadiene (HD)‐EPDM, and dicyclopentadiene (DCPD)‐EPDM. HD‐EPDM showed the greatest effectiveness toward CTBBS‐modification. However, this EPDM is not commercially available anymore. On the opposite side, DCPD‐EPDM showed the lowest reactivity so that almost no modification could be realized. The result with ENB‐EPDM was, that upon application of CTBBS to ENB‐EPDM, gelation occurred and, therefore, a low amount of modification was achieved. With the limited modification efficiency for ENB‐EPDM, there is no significant improvement when applying the modified ENB‐EPDM into NR/BR/EPDM blends. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Pendent polyimides using mellitic acid dianhydride. III. The effect of pendent group functionality on polymer properties
Authors: Illingsworth Marvin L. , Wang Wei , McCarney Jonathan P. , Hughes Kenneth A. , Trotter Kari J. , Stapleton Russell A. , Chabot Jeffrey R. , Siochi Emilie J. , Kotlarchyk Michael 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMethyl, methoxy, and nitrile (cyano) functional groups were incorporated into the metal–organic pendent group of a co‐polyamic acid, co‐PAA[(3,4′‐ODA/ODPA)0.9(3,4′‐ODA/{MADA‐p‐Zr(adsp)(Rdsp)})0.1], in various locations to investigate their effects on polymer chain interactions and film quality. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) performed on solutions of these products were consistent with the expected 10% (mol) functionalized pendent polymeric structures. Thermogravimetric analysis performed on ether‐precipitated samples revealed little functional group effect on imidization temperature (decreases of 5–8°C), but showed a somewhat‐greater effect on decomposition temperature (decreases of 6°C for the 3‐methoxy derivative to 28°C for the methyl derivative). Differential scanning calorimetry performed on imidized powder samples showed that glass transition temperatures increased with the addition of the functional groups from 2°C for the methyl derivative to 19°C for the 3‐methoxy derivative. Imidized films were solvent resistant, transparent, and flexible, with the nitrile derivative least susceptible to crack formation. Light scattering results revealed that the nitrile derivative had the lowest second virial coefficient of the functional groups tested and formed aggregates at room temperature in NMP with n = 2, thus rationalizing its superior film forming properties. Results of contact angle measurements and atomic oxygen exposure of functionalized pendent co‐PI films are included. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009