bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of the Fast Track Prevention Program on Health Services Use by Conduct-Problem Youth
Authors: Jones Damon , Godwin Jennifer , Dodge Kenneth A. , Bierman Karen L. , Coie John D. , Greenberg Mark T. , Lochman John E. , McMahon Robert J. , Pinderhughes Ellen E. 
Published: December 2009

OBJECTIVE: We tested the impact of the Fast Track conduct disorder prevention program on the use of pediatric, general health, and mental health services in adolescence.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Participants were 891 public kindergarten boys and girls screened from a population of 9594 children and found to be at risk for conduct disorder. They were assigned randomly (by school) to intervention or control conditions and were followed for 12 years. Intervention lasted 10 years and included parent training, child social-cognitive skills training, reading tutoring, peer-relations enhancement, and classroom curricula and management. Service use was assessed through annual interviews of parents and youth.RESULTS: Youth assigned to preventive intervention had significantly reduced use of professional general health, pediatric, and emergency department services relative to control youth on the basis of parent-report data. For control-group youth, the odds of greater use of general health services for any reason and general health services use for mental health purposes were roughly 30% higher and 56% higher, respectively. On the basis of self-report data, the intervention reduced the likelihood of outpatient mental health services among older adolescents for whom odds of services use were more than 90% higher among control-group youth. No differences were found between intervention and control youth on the use of inpatient mental health services. Statistical models controlled for key study characteristics, and potential moderation of the intervention effect was assessed.CONCLUSIONS: Random assignment to the Fast Track prevention program is associated with reduced use of general health and outpatient mental health services in adolescents. Future studies should examine the mechanism of this impact and service use patterns as subjects reach young adulthood.
Hearing Impairment in Childhood Bacterial Meningitis Is Little Relieved by Dexamethasone or Glycerol
Authors: Peltola Heikki , Roine Irmeli , Fernández Josefina , González Mata Antonio , Zavala Inés , Gonzalez Ayala Silvia , Arbo Antonio , Bologna Rosa , Goyo José , López Eduardo , Miño Greta , Dourado de Andrade Solange , Sarna Seppo , Jauhiainen Tapani 
Published: December 2009

OBJECTIVE. Several studies have evaluated dexamethasone for prevention of hearing loss in childhood bacterial meningitis, but results have varied. We compared dexamethasone and/or glycerol recipients with placebo recipients, and measured hearing at 3 threshold levels.METHODS. Children aged 2 months to 16 years with meningitis were treated with ceftriaxone but were double-blindly randomly assigned to receive adjuvant dexamethasone intravenously, glycerol orally, both agents, or neither agent. We used the Glasgow coma scale to grade the presenting status. The end points were the better ear's ability to detect sounds of &gt;40 dB, ≥60 dB, and ≥80 dB, with these thresholds indicating any, moderate-to-severe, or severe impairment, respectively. All tests were interpreted by an external audiologist. Influence of covariates in the treatment groups was examined by binary logistic regression.RESULTS: Of the 383 children, mostly with meningitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b or Streptococcus pneumoniae, 101 received dexamethasone, 95 received dexamethasone and glycerol, 92 received glycerol, and 95 received placebo. Only the presenting condition and young age predicted impairment independently through all threshold levels. Each lowering point in the Glasgow scale increased the risk by 15% to 21% (odds ratio: 1.20, 1.21, and 1.15 [95% confidence interval: 1.06–1.35, 1.07–1.37, and 1.01–1.31]; P = .005, .003, and .039) for any, moderate-to-severe, or severe impairment, respectively. Each increasing month of age decreased the risk by 2% to 6% (P = .0001, .0007, and .041, respectively). Neither dexamethasone nor glycerol prevented hearing loss at these levels regardless of the causative agent or timing of antimicrobial agent.CONCLUSIONS: With bacterial meningitis, the child's presenting status and young age are the most important predictors of hearing impairment. Little relief is obtained from current adjuvant medications.
Predicting Time to Hospital Discharge for Extremely Preterm Infants
Authors: Hintz Susan R. , Bann Carla M. , Ambalavanan Namasivayam , Cotten C. Michael , Das Abhik , Higgins Rosemary D. ,   for the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network
Published: December 2009

BACKGROUND: As extremely preterm infant mortality rates have decreased, concerns regarding resource use have intensified. Accurate models for predicting time to hospital discharge could aid in resource planning, family counseling, and stimulate quality-improvement initiatives.
OBJECTIVES: To develop, validate, and compare several models for predicting the time to hospital discharge for infants &lt;27 weeks' estimated gestational age, on the basis of time-dependent covariates as well as the presence of 5 key risk factors as predictors.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of infants &lt;27 weeks' estimated gestational age who were born between July 2002 and December 2005 and survived to discharge from a Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network site. Time to discharge was modeled as continuous (postmenstrual age at discharge) and categorical (early and late discharge) variables. Three linear and logistic regression models with time-dependent covariate inclusion were developed (perinatal factors only, perinatal + early-neonatal factors, and perinatal + early-neonatal + later factors). Models for early and late discharge that used the cumulative presence of 5 key risk factors as predictors were also evaluated. Predictive capabilities were compared by using the coefficient of determination (R2) for the linear models and the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve for the logistic models.
RESULTS: Data from 2254 infants were included. Prediction of postmenstrual age at discharge was poor. However, models that incorporated later clinical characteristics were more accurate in predicting early or late discharge (AUC: 0.76–0.83 [full models] vs 0.56–0.69 [perinatal factor models]). In simplified key-risk-factors models, the predicted probabilities for early and late discharge compared favorably with the observed rates. Furthermore, the AUC (0.75–0.77) was similar to those of the models that included the full factor set.
CONCLUSIONS: Prediction of early or late discharge is poor if only perinatal factors are considered, but it improves substantially with knowledge of later-occurring morbidities. Predictive models that use a few key risk factors are comparable to the full models and may offer a clinically applicable strategy.
The Choking Game: Physician Perspectives
Authors: McClave Julie L. , Russell Patricia J. , Lyren Anne , O'Riordan Mary Ann , Bass Nancy E. 
Published: December 2009

OBJECTIVE: The goal was to assess awareness of the choking game among physicians who care for adolescents and to explore their opinions regarding its inclusion in anticipatory guidance.
METHODS: We surveyed 865 pediatricians and family practitioners. The survey was designed to assess physicians' awareness of the choking game and its warning signs, the suspected prevalence of patients' participation in the activity, and the willingness of physicians to include the choking game in adolescent anticipatory guidance. Information on the general use of anticipatory guidance also was collected.
RESULTS: The survey was completed by 163 physicians (response rate: 21.8%). One-hundred eleven (68.1%) had heard of the choking game, 68 of them (61.3%) through sources in the popular media. General pediatricians were significantly more likely to report being aware of the choking game than were family practitioners or pediatric subspecialists (P = .004). Of physicians who were aware of the choking game, 75.7% identified ≥1 warning sign and 52.3% identified ≥3. Only 7.6% of physicians who were aware of the choking game reported that they cared for a patient they suspected was participating in the activity, and 2 (1.9%) reported that they include the choking game in anticipatory guidance for adolescents. However, 64.9% of all respondents agreed that the choking game should be included in anticipatory guidance.
CONCLUSIONS: Close to one third of physicians surveyed were unaware of the choking game, a potentially life-threatening activity practiced by adolescents. Despite acknowledging that the choking game should be included in adolescent anticipatory guidance, few physicians reported actually discussing it. To provide better care for their adolescent patients, pediatricians and family practitioners should be knowledgable about risky behaviors encountered by their patients, including the choking game, and provide timely guidance about its dangers.
Ear Pinna: A Privileged DNA Electroporation Site for Inducing Strong Th1 Immune Responses
Authors: Ni Jing , Nolte Britta , Vandermeulen Gaëlle , Preat Veronique , Scherman Daniel , Schirrmacher Volker , Fournier Philippe 
Published: December 2009

DNA vaccination appears a very attractive approach for inducing immune responses towards the encoded antigen, but studies in large animals and in humans revealed weaknesses of such responses. In this study, we evaluated a new approach based on a new device combining DNA vaccination with electroporation (EP) at the ear pinna site. Under optimal EP conditions, the expression of the DNA encoded antigen and the induced immune responses were considerably increased.
Very interestingly, DNA vaccination using EP at the ear pinna induced much stronger cellular immune responses than at the flank skin although antigen expression was similar at both sites. As compared to vaccination at the ear pinna without EP, IFN-􀀁 but not IL-4 production by splenocytes from immunized mice was significantly enhanced. In contrast, IL-4 but not IFN-􀀁 production was increased by EP at the flank skin. The vaccination site of the ear pinna combined with
EP route even provided therapeutic effects in a mouse tumor model.
In conclusion, this study highlights the ear pinna as a privileged site for the induction of strong Th1 polarized cellular immunity against a defined antigen when combining DNA vaccination with EP.
Echocardiographic evaluation of dogs with dysautonomia
Authors: Harkin Kenneth R. , Bulmer Barret J. , Biller David S. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Objective—To describe echocardiographic findings in dogs with dysautonomia.
Design—Prospective case series.
Animals—20 dogs with dysautonomia (13 confirmed during necropsy and 7 with results of antemortem testing [tear production, pilocarpine response test, atropine response test, and ID histamine response] supportive of the diagnosis).
Procedures—Dogs with dysautonomia were evaluated by use of echocardiography, and M-mode measurements were obtained on all dogs. A dobutamine response test was performed on 1 dog, starting at a rate of 1 μg/kg/min and doubling the rate every 15 minutes until fractional shortening (FS) increased to > 2 times the baseline value.
Results—Evidence of systolic dysfunction was detected in 17 of 20 dogs with dysautonomia, as determined on the basis of FS (median, 17.9%; range, 4.0% to 31.1%). Left ventricular internal dimension during diastole or left ventricular internal dimension during systole was enlarged in 4 of 20 and 14 of 20 dogs, respectively. Enlargement of the left atrium or aorta was identified in 3 of 15 and 1 of 15 dogs in which it was measured, respectively. Administration of dobutamine at a rate of 4 μg/kg/min resulted in dramatic improvement in FS (increase from 4% to 17%) in the 1 dog tested.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that echocardiographic evidence of diminished systolic function was common in dogs with dysautonomia. Whether the diminished function was a result of sympathetic denervation or myocardial hibernation was unclear, although myocardial hibernation was more likely.
Prevalence and prognostic impact of hypocobalaminemia in dogs with lymphoma
Authors: Cook Audrey K. , Wright Zachary M. , Suchodolski Jan S. , Brown M. Raquel , Steiner Jörg M. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Objective—To determine the prevalence of hypocobalaminemia in dogs with multicentric lymphoma and to investigate any relationship between serum cobalamin concentration and disease outcome.
Design—Cohort study.
Animals—58 dogs with multicentric lymphoma.
Procedures—Serum cobalamin concentrations were measured in 58 dogs with multicentric lymphoma. Clinical signs, stage, and immunophenotype for dogs with hypocobalaminemia were compared with those for dogs with serum cobalamin concentrations above the lower end of the reference range. Survival times for dogs undergoing a cyclic multidrug chemotherapy protocol (n = 53) were similarly compared. Serum cobalamin concentrations for treated dogs that died or were euthanized before day 60 were compared with those of dogs still alive at day 60.
Results—Serum cobalamin concentrations ranged from < 150 to 1,813 ng/L, with a median concentration of 401 ng/L. Nine of the 58 (16%) dogs had hypocobalaminemia (serum cobalamin concentration < 252 ng/L). Three of 9 dogs with hypocobalaminemia survived to at least day 60, compared with 40 of 44 (91%) dogs without hypocobalaminemia (serum cobalamin concentration ≥ 252 ng/L). Ten (10/53 [19%]) dogs undergoing a cyclic multidrug chemotherapy protocol died before day 60, and the median serum cobalamin concentration for these dogs (232 ng/L) was significantly lower than for those still alive at the end point of the study (556 ng/L).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Hypocobalaminemia was relatively uncommon in this population of dogs with multicentric lymphoma, but was associated with a poor outcome. Serum cobalamin concentrations may provide prognostic information in dogs with multicentric lymphoma.
Rate and frequency of recurrence of uroliths after an initial ammonium urate, calcium oxalate, or struvite urolith in cats
Authors: Albasan Hasan , Osborne Carl A. , Lulich Jody P. , Lekcharoensuk Chalermpol , Koehler Lori A. , Ulrich Lisa K. , Swanson Laura L. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Objective—To determine frequency of and interval until recurrence after initial ammonium urate, calcium oxalate, and struvite uroliths in cats and whether breed, age, or sex was associated with increased risk for urolith recurrence.
Design—Case-control study.
Animals—4,435 cats with recurrent uroliths.
Procedures—To identify recurrence of uroliths in cats for which uroliths were submitted for analysis at the Minnesota Urolith Center in 1998, the facility's database was searched for urolith resubmissions from the same cats between 1998 and 2003. Risk factors and differences in mean interval until recurrence were assessed.
Results—Of 221 cats with ammonium urate uroliths in 1998, 29 (13.1%) had a first and 9 (4.1%) had a second recurrence. Mean interval until recurrence was 22 and 43 months for the first and second recurrence, respectively. Of 2,393 cats with calcium oxalate uroliths in 1998, 169 (7.1%) had a first, 15 (0.6%) had a second, and 2 (0.1%) had a third recurrence. Mean interval until recurrence was 25, 38, and 48 months for the first, second, and third recurrence, respectively. Of 1,821 cats with struvite uroliths in 1998, 49 (2.7%) had a first and 3 (0.2%) had a second recurrence. Mean interval until recurrence was 29 months for first and 40 months for second recurrences.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—These results provided insights into the frequency of urolith recurrence in cats. Because some uroliths associated with recurrent episodes probably were not submitted to our facility, our data likely represented an underestimation of the actual recurrence rate.
Echocardiographic and clinicopathologic characterization of pericardial effusion in dogs: 107 cases (1985–2006)
Authors: MacDonald Kristin A. , Cagney Orla , Magne Michael L. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate sensitivity and specificity of echocardiography for diagnosis of cardiac masses in dogs with pericardial effusion.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—107 dogs with pericardial effusion.
Procedures—Records of dogs with pericardial effusion examined at the University of California-Davis Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital from 1985 to 2006 were reviewed. Dogs were included when echocardiography and pericardectomy or necropsy were performed. Sensitivity, specificity, and metastatic rates were calculated for various causes of pericardial effusion.
Results—107 dogs with pericardial effusion were evaluated by surgery (n = 48 dogs), necropsy (44), or both (15). Echocardiography revealed no mass (n = 41 dogs), a right atrial (RA) mass (38), a heart base (HB) mass (23), a pericardial mass (2), an HB and an RA mass (2), and a right ventricular mass (1). Sensitivity and specificity were 82% and 100%, respectively, for detection of a cardiac mass; 82% and 99%, respectively, for detection of an RA mass; and 74% and 98%, respectively, for detection of an HB mass. Most HB masses were neuroendocrine or ectopic thyroid gland tissue, but 3 were hemangiosarcomas and 4 were mesotheliomas. Most RA masses were hemangiosarcomas, but this group also included a neuroendocrine tumor, ectopic thyroid gland tissue, mesothelioma, lymphosarcoma, and sarcoma. Metastatic rates did not differ (50% to 66%) among neoplastic causes.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Echocardiography had high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis and differentiation of RA or HB masses in dogs with pericardial effusion. There was a high rate of metastasis for cardiac masses of all causes.
Successful treatment of pacemaker-induced stricture and thrombosis of the cranial vena cava in two dogs by use of anticoagulants and balloon venoplasty
Authors: Cunningham Suzanne M. , Ames Marisa K. , Rush John E. , Rozanski Elizabeth A. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Case Description—2 castrated male Labrador Retrievers (dogs 1 and 2) were evaluated 3 to 4 years after placement of a permanent pacemaker. Dog 1 was evaluated because of a large volume of chylous pleural effusion. Dog 2 was admitted for elective replacement of a pacemaker.
Clinical Findings—Dog 1 had mild facial swelling and a rapidly recurring pleural effusion. Previously detected third-degree atrioventricular block had resolved. Cranial vena cava (CVC) syndrome secondary to pacemaker-induced thrombosis and stricture of the CVC was diagnosed on the basis of results of ultrasonography, computed tomography, and venous angiography. Dog 2 had persistent third-degree atrioventricular block. Intraluminal caval stricture and thrombosis were diagnosed at the time of pacemaker replacement. Radiographic evidence of pleural effusion consistent with CVC syndrome also was detected at that time.
Treatment and Outcome—Dog 1 improved after treatment with unfractionated heparin and a local infusion of recombinant tissue-plasminogen activator. Balloon venoplasty was performed subsequently to relieve the persistent caval stricture. In dog 2, balloon dilatation of the caval stricture was necessary to allow for placement of a new pacing lead. Long-term anticoagulant treatment was initiated in both dogs. Long-term (> 6 months) resolution of clinical signs was achieved in both dogs.
Clinical Relevance—Thrombosis and stricture of the CVC are possible complications of a permanent pacemaker in dogs. Findings suggested that balloon venoplasty and anticoagulation administration with or without thrombolytic treatment can be effective in the treatment of dogs with pacemaker-induced CVC syndrome.
On the Geodetic Rotation of the Major Planets, the Moon and the Sun
Authors: Eroshkin G. , Pashkevich V. 
Published: December 2009

On the Geodetic Rotation of the Major Planets, the Moon and the SunThe problem of the geodetic (relativistic) rotation of the major planets, the Moon and the Sun was studied in the paper by Eroshkin and Pashkevich (2007) only for the components of the angular velocity vectors of the geodetic rotation, which are orthogonal to the plane of the fixed ecliptic J2000. This research represents an extension of the previous investigation to all the other components of the angular velocity vector of the geodetic rotation, with respect to the body-centric reference frame from Seidelmann et al. (2005).
Forward modelling of the Bureba escarpment (Rioja Trough, N-Spain)
Authors: Mikeš Daniel 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
In this work I use the numerical model TAO to study the evolution of the Bureba escarpment, sitting at the watershed between Duero and Ebro Basins and draining into the Rioja Trough. Facies correlation across this area is troublesome through lack of age-dates and therefore timing of tectonosedimentary events is controversial. Numerical modelling should shed some light on the evolution of this area. To that end I have run homogeneous and heterogeneous models for a range of values of erodability, runoff and elastic thickness. The models demonstrate that the tilting of the NE Duero could have resulted from isostatic compensation to erosion in the Rioja Trough and that the Bureba escarpment is a natural barrier to erosion preventing escarpment retreat for at least the next 1 My.
Initial Clinical Evaluation of an Intraocular Femtosecond Laser in Cataract Surgery
Authors: Nagy Zoltan , Takacs Agnes , Filkorn Tamas , Sarayba Melvin 
Published: December 2009

Purpose:
To evaluate femtosecond laser lens fragmentation and anterior capsulotomy in cataract surgery.

Methods:
Anterior capsulotomy and phacofragmentation procedures performed with an intraocular femtosecond laser (LenSx Lasers Inc) were initially evaluated in ex vivo porcine eyes. These procedures were then performed in an initial series of nine patients undergoing cataract surgery. In addition to standard intraoperative assessments (including capsulotomy diameter accuracy and reproducibility), optical coherence tomography was used to evaluate human procedures.

Results:
For an intended 5-mm capsulorrhexis in porcine eyes, average achieved diameters were 5.88±0.73 mm using a standard manual technique and 5.02±0.04 mm using the femtosecond laser. Scanning electron microscopy revealed equally smooth cut edges of the capsulotomy with the femtosecond laser and manual technique. Compared to control porcine eyes, femtosecond laser phacofragmentation resulted in a 43% reduction in phacoemulsification power and a 51% decrease in phacoemulsification time. In a small series of human clinical procedures, femtosecond laser capsulotomies and phacofragmentation demonstrated similarly high levels of accuracy and effectiveness, with no operative complications.

Conclusions:
Initial results with an intraocular femtosecond laser demonstrate higher precision of capsulorrhexis and reduced phacoemulsification power in porcine and human eyes.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2009;25:1053–1060.]