bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identidad y discurso contranormativos en El vampiro de la colonia Roma de Luis Zapata
Authors: Ladrón de Guevara Bertha 
Published: June 2011

El presente artículo analiza la identidad de Adonis García, protagonista de la novela en estudio, y el discurso de la misma como dos hechos primordiales bajo los que se fundamenta una crítica severa al sistema de género institucionalizado en México. La identidad de Adonis García muestra una triple presencia subversiva por tratarse de un homosexual/prostituto que, además, goza de su trabajo. Por otra parte, esta ruptura con el sistema de género hegemónico no puede realizarse con una argumentación filtrada a través del lenguaje usado por el dispositivo sexual institucionalizado; sino mediante una de-construcción del mismo y de la puesta en práctica de un discurso contra-hegemónico. Estos dos elementos –identidad y discurso– promueven un cuestionamiento a la forma de concebir el sujeto marginado por parte de los mecanismos del poder y, además, son subvertidos por Adonis García para construir, con base en su estatuto “ denigrado ”, una estrategia vital placentera y libertaria.
Chronique et symbole au Mexique en 1968
Authors: Léziart Françoise 
Published: June 2011

Cette communication a pour objet d’analyser la transformation d’un événement tragique qui a eu lieu en 1968 à Mexico. Il s’agit du massacre de Tlatelolco qui a fait plus de 300 morts sur la place du même nom lors de manifestations estudiantines organisées pour réclamer plus de démocratie dans le pays. Entre information et revendication, douleur et exaltation, écriture et oralité, les chroniques des deux écrivains et journalistes : Elena Poniatowska (La Noche de Tlatelolco, 1971) et Carlos Monsiváis (Días de guardar, 1970) ont contribué à la création de nouveaux symboles.
Latinos, hispanos, español y espanglish
Authors: Lemus Aura 
Published: June 2011

El presente trabajo pretende debatir sobre diversos estereotipos relacionados con la presencia hispana en los Estados Unidos ya sea inmigrante o nativa, en cuanto a la percepción que de esta se tiene en la sociedad, la reacción de los hispanos ante estas imágenes deformadas, parciales o incompletas y sus repercusiones en el ámbito lingüístico. En efecto, si la identidad está intrínsecamente ligada a la lengua, veremos en qué medida se siguen identificando los hispanos con el español, cómo las apelaciones espanglish y español estadounidense influyen en la definición de una identidad cultural heterogénea y cómo se manifiesta esta nueva identidad híbrida a través de la literatura.
Los conflictos de la representación del otro en dos novelas de la revolución mexicana
Authors: Keizman Betina 
Published: June 2011

La novela de la revolución constituye en el corpus de la literatura mexicana un género particular de narrativa fundacional, lo que Bhabha ha denominado ficciones fundacionales o narrativas de la Nación. Heterogéneas pese a englobarse bajo una misma categoría genérica, las novelas de la revolución han sido esenciales en la forja de estereotipos. En particular, en aquellas que representan el período de los enfrentamientos armados puede leerse la construcción de la figura del otro popular, encarnado en ese momento en el cuerpo del combatiente revolucionario. Novelas que ponen en escena la dificultosa relación entre ese objeto y los escritores que lo abordan, desde una insalvable situación de disparidad que alcanza su punto más álgido en el tratamiento de temas esenciales a ese material : el problema de la justificación ética de la violencia, los orígenes de la lucha, la moral de los personajes sitiada entre la dimensión heroica que se espera de ellos y la constatación –clasista- de sus propias limitaciones. En particular, queremos analizar dos obras, Los de abajo de Azuela, novela canónica de la revolución, y Cartucho, de Nellie Campobello, novela excéntrica de la revolución. Nuestra hipótesis es que lo que ha sido leído en ambos textos como desprolijidad, limitación de composición, producto de escasa revisión o determinación biográfica de los acontecimientos narrados puede comprenderse bajo una clave diferente : como expresión y síntoma del conflicto en la representación del otro y como búsqueda, por parte de las voces autorales, de posicionamientos y estrategias narrativas que indaguen y testimonien las dificultades de esa representación.
« Alta, desnuda, única. Poesía »
Authors: Duplay Mathieu 
Published: June 2011

Dans El Niño (2000) et A Flowering Tree (2006), deux de ses opéras les plus récents, le compositeur américain John Adams (né en 1947) a choisi de travailler sur des livrets bilingues où l’espagnol occupe une place significative aux côtés de l’anglais ; c’est tout particulièrement le cas de El Niño où des textes d’auteurs hispano‑américains sont cités dans la langue d’origine. Chez Adams, le bilinguisme semble lié à une interrogation sur les usages politiques de la représentation. Ce lecteur d’Edward Said est sensible à la manière dont le discours du pouvoir s’arroge le droit exclusif de donner des peuples dominés une image présentée comme véridique et dont le prétendu savoir qui en résulte est instrumentalisé à des fins autoritaires. Le bilinguisme de El Niño contribue à interroger ce que l’on pourrait appeler en termes paradoxaux un orientalisme latino, le savoir de l’Amérique hispanophone que construit la représentation artistique et ses usages à des fins de domination ; en effet, il attire l’attention sur l’hétérogénéité des ressources dont usent le compositeur et son librettiste Peter Sellars, autrement dit sur ce qui les rend impropres à la constitution d’un discours hégémonique. Parallèlement, Adams et Sellars proposent une autre conception de la vérité, fondée non plus sur la quête d’une synthèse généralisante ni, a fortiori, sur la recherche d’une idéalité abstraite susceptible de s’imposer indépendamment du contexte, mais au contraire sur la prise en compte des déterminations particulières qui confèrent aux êtres et aux situations historiques leur pleine valeur de singularité. Sur ce point, ils rencontrent les préoccupations de l’auteur mexicain Rosario Castellanos, dont plusieurs poèmes sont repris intégralement dans le livret de El Niño. Lectrice de Simone Weil, Castellanos illustre par son écriture une conception à la fois éthique, esthétique et épistémologique de l’enracinement, défini comme l’attention amoureuse portée à ce qui est, à la réalité concrète qui est indistinctement beauté, puissance et vérité. De même, Adams et Sellars opposent à la fiction d’un savoir universel une pratique de l’écart, de l’intervalle et de la transition, celle‑là même qui, chez John Adams, a nom musique, et que Simone Weil appelle la vie.
« Machos » et « machistes » : (brève) histoire de stéréotypes mexicains
Authors: Machillot Didier 
Published: June 2011

Durant la Révolution mexicaine, entre 1910 et 1920, surgit un stéréotype qui sera promis à un bel avenir : le « macho ». Révolutionnaire courageux dans un premier temps, ce dernier incarne certes des valeurs guerrières traditionnellement encensées en temps de guerre mais il s’inscrit aussi dans un contexte nationaliste et populiste qui, en réaction au discours élitiste et raciste de la dictature porfirienne, le fera se confondre avec le Métis et avec le Peuple. À tel point que cette figure classique du combattant, loin de disparaître en temps de paix, en viendra à symboliser, dès les années 1940, « le » Mexicain. Un « idéal » qui, loin de se « figer », évoluera au gré des changements de la société mexicaine... Mais ces transformations ne sont pas les seules à affecter le stéréotype du « macho ». Parallèlement à cette image globalement positive s’est construite au Mexique depuis les années 1930, une figure autrement plus négative : celle du « machiste ». Moins connue, cette histoire n’en est pas moins importante puisque c’est désormais celle qui s’impose dans le discours officiel lorsqu’il s’agit de lutter contre les inégalités entre les sexes.
Transgresión y rebeldía
Authors: Van Hecke An 
Published: June 2011

El objetivo de este artículo consiste en investigar qué pasa con la imagen de la Virgen de Guadalupe cuando se convierte en una figura transnacional, cuando sufre una desterritorialización tal como se observa en la cultura chicana en los Estados Unidos. El artículo consta de dos grandes partes : por un lado, el arte pictórico, por otro lado, la literatura. En ambos campos, se estudian las obras a partir de los años setenta del siglo 20 hasta la actualidad. En el campo artístico se analizan, entre otras, las obras de Ester Hernández, Yolanda López y Alma López. Para la literatura se han seleccionado fragmentos de textos de Tomás Rivera, Gloria Anzaldúa, Sandra Cisneros, Cherríe Moraga, Guillermo Gómez-Peña y Alejandro Morales. En su búsqueda o construcción de una identidad chicana, y en su afán de distinguirse del Otro, es decir, del angloamericano, los autores chicanos cuestionan y reinterpretan la imagen de la Virgen.
Prostituées et idéal féminin à San José, Costa Rica
Authors: Giraldou - Gonzalez Portales Marion 
Published: June 2011

Au Costa Rica, dans les années 1870, l’affirmation du pouvoir libéral signifie la mise en place de nouvelles stratégies de domination basées non plus sur la seule autorité des oligarchies mais sur l’assimilation des modèles culturels de l’élite par la majorité de la population. Leur volonté de modernisation se fait alors sentir à travers la valorisation de nouveaux principes issus de conceptions préexistantes mais qui, diffusés de façon systématique, favorise la mise en place d’une culture commune ou tout au moins d’un socle culturel commun à la majorité de la population. Ce processus d’homogénéisation conduit à rendre plus visible les différences entre la population « normalisée » ou en cours de normalisation – et particulièrement les femmes répondant à l’idéal féminin diffusée – et la population marginalisée. Corrélativement, ce phénomène s’accompagne d’une modification significative de la nature et de la conception de la marginalité et des marginaux en général. Il s’agit alors de comprendre la construction de la notion de prostitution comme la synthèse de l’influence de diverses représentations – à l’échelle de l’État et de la population – et notamment comme le résultat de la diffusion d’un « idéal féminin » correspondant aux conceptions de l’élite libérale. La prostituée apparaît alors comme le négatif de cette image idéale.
GM-CSF Production by Glioblastoma Cells Has a Functional Role in Eosinophil Survival, Activation, and Growth Factor Production for Enhanced Tumor Cell Proliferation
Authors: Curran Colleen S. , Evans Michael D. , Bertics Paul J. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractMedicinal interventions of limited efficacy are currently available for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common and lethal primary brain tumor in adults. The eosinophil is a pivotal immune cell in the pathobiology of atopic disease that is also found to accumulate in certain tumor tissues. Inverse associations between atopy and GBM risk suggest that the eosinophil may play a functional role in certain tumor immune responses. To assess the potential interactions between eosinophils and GBM, we cultured human primary blood eosinophils with two separate human GBM-derived cell lines (A172, U87-MG) or conditioned media generated in the presence or absence of TNF-α. Results demonstrated differential eosinophil adhesion and increased survival in response to coculture with GBM cell lines. Eosinophil responses to GBM cell line-conditioned media included increased survival, activation, CD11b expression, and S100A9 release. Addition of GM-CSF neutralizing Abs to GBM cell cultures or conditioned media reduced eosinophil adhesion, survival, and activation, linking tumor cell-derived GM-CSF to the functions of eosinophils in the tumor microenvironment. Dexamethasone, which has been reported to inhibit eosinophil recruitment and shrink GBM lesions on contrast-enhanced scans, reduced the production of tumor cell-derived GM-CSF. Furthermore, culture of GBM cells in eosinophil-conditioned media increased tumor cell viability, and generation of eosinophil-conditioned media in the presence of GM-CSF enhanced the effect. These data support the idea of a paracrine loop between GM-CSF–producing tumors and eosinophil-derived growth factors in tumor promotion/progression.
Antigen Localization Controls T Cell-Mediated Tumor Immunity
Authors: Zeelenberg Ingrid S. , van Maren Wendy W. C. , Boissonnas Alexandre , Van Hout-Kuijer Maaike A. , Den Brok Martijn H. M. G. M. , Wagenaars Jori A. L. , van der Schaaf Alie , Jansen Eric J. R. , Amigorena Sebastian , Théry Clotilde , Figdor Carl G. , Adema Gosse J. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractEffective antitumor immunotherapy requires the identification of suitable target Ags. Interestingly, many of the tumor Ags used in clinical trials are present in preparations of secreted tumor vesicles (exosomes). In this study, we compared T cell responses elicited by murine MCA101 fibrosarcoma tumors expressing a model Ag at different localizations within the tumor cell in association with secreted vesicles (exosomes), as a nonsecreted cell-associated protein, or as secreted soluble protein. Remarkably, we demonstrated that only the tumor-secreting vesicle-bound Ag elicited a strong Ag-specific CD8+ T cell response, CD4+ T cell help, Ag-specific Abs, and a decrease in the percentage of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells in the tumor. Moreover, in a therapeutic tumor model of cryoablation, only in tumors secreting vesicle-bound Ag could Ag-specific CD8+ T cells still be detected up to 16 d after therapy. We concluded that the localization of an Ag within the tumor codetermines whether a robust immunostimulatory response is elicited. In vivo, vesicle-bound Ag clearly skews toward a more immunogenic phenotype, whereas soluble or cell-associated Ag expression cannot prevent or even delay outgrowth and results in tumor tolerance. This may explain why particular immunotherapies based on these vesicle-bound tumor Ags are potentially successful. Therefore, we conclude that this study may have significant implications in the discovery of new tumor Ags suitable for immunotherapy and that their location should be taken into account to ensure a strong antitumor immune response.
Uncoupling Protein 2 Negatively Regulates Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Induces Phosphatase-Mediated Anti-Inflammatory Response in Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis
Authors: Basu Ball Writoban , Kar Susanta , Mukherjee Madhuchhanda , Chande Ajit G. , Mukhopadhyaya Robin , Das Pijush K. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractTo reside and multiply successfully within the host macrophages, Leishmania parasites impair the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are a major host defense mechanism against any invading pathogen. Mitochondrial uncoupling proteins are associated with mitochondrial ROS generation, which is the major contributor of total cellular ROS generation. In the present study we have demonstrated that Leishmania donovani infection is associated with strong upregulation of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), a negative regulator of mitochondrial ROS generation located at the inner membrane of mitochondria. Functional knockdown of macrophage UCP2 by small interfering RNA-mediated silencing was associated with increased mitochondrial ROS generation, lower parasite survival, and induction of marked proinflammatory cytokine response. Induction of proinflammatory cytokine response in UCP2 knocked-down cells was a direct consequence of p38 and ERK1/2 MAPK activation, which resulted from ROS-mediated inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). Administration of ROS quencher, N-acetyl-l-cysteine, abrogated PTP inhibition in UCP2 knocked-down infected cells, implying a role of ROS in inactivating PTP. Short hairpin RNA-mediated in vivo silencing of UCP2 resulted in decreased Src homology 2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase 1 and PTP-1B activity and host-protective proinflammatory cytokine response resulting in effective parasite clearance. To our knowledge, this study, for the first time, reveals the induction of host UCP2 expression during Leishmania infection to downregulate mitochondrial ROS generation, thereby possibly preventing ROS-mediated PTP inactivation to suppress macrophage defense mechanisms.
Repetitive Immunization Breaks Tolerance to Type XVII Collagen and Leads to Bullous Pemphigoid in Mice
Authors: Hirose Misa , Recke Andreas , Beckmann Tina , Shimizu Atsushi , Ishiko Akira , Bieber Katja , Westermann Jürgen , Zillikens Detlef , Schmidt Enno , Ludwig Ralf J. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is a subepidermal autoimmune blistering disease of the elderly associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. As unspecific immunosuppressants are still the mainstay of BP therapy, several animal models, based on the passive transfer of autoantibodies or immune cells, have been developed to obtain a better understanding of the pathogenesis of BP and evaluate novel therapeutic interventions. We describe in this study an experimental model inducing BP by immunization of immunocompetent mice with a recombinant form of the immunodominant 15th noncollagenous domain of murine BP180 (type XVII collagen). The homologous noncollagenous 16A domain of human BP180 has previously been identified as an immunodominant region in human BP. Immunization of female SJL/J mice with the murine peptide led to clinical disease within 14 wk in 56% of mice. In contrast, none of the other strains developed blisters despite the presence of autoantibodies. The clinical disease manifested for at least 8 wk without further manipulation. This novel immunization-induced model reflects key immunopathological characteristics of human BP, including binding of complement-fixing autoantibodies along the dermal–epidermal junction, elevated total IgE serum levels, and infiltration of skin lesions with eosinophilic granulocytes. The use of immunocompetent mice and the induction of sustained clinical disease not requiring additional interventions make this immunization-induced mouse model most suitable to further explore the pathogenesis of BP and novel therapeutic interventions for this and other autoantibody-mediated diseases.
Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1 Signaling via the CXCR4-TCR Heterodimer Requires Phospholipase C-β3 and Phospholipase C-γ1 for Distinct Cellular Responses
Authors: Kremer Kimberly N. , Clift Ian C. , Miamen Alexander G. , Bamidele Adebowale O. , Qian Nan-Xin , Humphreys Troy D. , Hedin Karen E. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
The CXCR4 chemokine receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor that signals in T lymphocytes by forming a heterodimer with the TCR. CXCR4 and TCR functions are consequently highly cross regulated, affecting T cell immune activation, cytokine secretion, and T cell migration. The CXCR4-TCR heterodimer stimulates T cell migration and activation of the ERK MAPK and downstream AP-1–dependent cytokine transcription in response to stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), the sole chemokine ligand of CXCR4. These responses require Gi-type G proteins as well as TCR ITAM domains and the ZAP70 tyrosine kinase, thus indicating that the CXCR4-TCR heterodimer signals to integrate G protein-coupled receptor-associated and TCR-associated signaling molecules in response to SDF-1. Yet, the phospholipase C (PLC) isozymes responsible for coupling the CXCR4-TCR heterodimer to distinct downstream cellular responses are incompletely characterized. In this study, we demonstrate that PLC activity is required for SDF-1 to induce ERK activation, migration, and CXCR4 endocytosis in human T cells. SDF-1 signaling via the CXCR4-TCR heterodimer uses PLC-β3 to activate the Ras-ERK pathway and increase intracellular calcium ion concentrations, whereas PLC-γ1 is dispensable for these outcomes. In contrast, PLC-γ1, but not PLC-β3, is required for SDF-1–mediated migration via a mechanism independent of LAT. These results increase understanding of the signaling mechanisms employed by the CXCR4-TCR heterodimer, characterize new roles for PLC-β3 and PLC-γ1 in T cells, and suggest that multiple PLCs may also be activated downstream of other chemokine receptors to distinctly regulate migration versus other signaling functions.
A TCR Transgenic Mouse Reactive with Multiple Systemic Dimorphic Fungi
Authors: Wüthrich Marcel , Hung Chiung Yu , Gern Ben H. , Pick-Jacobs John C. , Galles Kevin J. , Filutowicz Hanna I. , Cole Garry T. , Klein Bruce S. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractDimorphic fungi collectively account for 5–10 million new infections annually worldwide. Ongoing efforts seek to clarify mechanisms of cellular resistance to these agents and develop vaccines. A major limitation in studying the development of protective T cells in this group of organisms is the lack of tools to detect, enumerate, and characterize fungus-specific T cells during vaccination and infection. We generated a TCR transgenic mouse (Bd 1807) whose CD4+ T cells respond to a native epitope in Blastomyces dermatitidis and also in Histoplasma capsulatum. In this study, we characterize the mouse, reveal its applications, and extend our analysis showing that 1807 cells also respond to the related dimorphic fungi Coccidioides posadasii and Paracoccidioides lutzii. On adoptive transfer into vaccinated wild-type mice, 1807 cells become activated, proliferate, and expand in the draining lymph nodes, and they differentiate into T1 effectors after trafficking to the lung upon lethal experimental challenge. Bd 1807 cells confer vaccine-induced resistance against B. dermatitidis, H. capsulatum, and C. posadasii. Transfer of naive 1807 cells at serial intervals postvaccination uncovered the prolonged duration of fungal Ag presentation. Using 1807 cells, we also found that the administration of vaccine only once induced a maximal pool of effector/memory CD4+ cells and protective immunity by 4 wk after vaccination. The autologous adoptive transfer system described in this study reveals novel features of antifungal immunity and offers a powerful approach to study the differentiation of Ag-specific T cells responsive to multiple dimorphic fungi and the development of CD4+ T cell memory needed to protect against fungal infection.
Sonographic Findings of Additional Malignant Lesions in Breast Carcinoma Seen by Second Look Ultrasound
Authors: Laguna Ana Delgado , Arranz S Jimenez , Checa V Quintana , Roca S Alonso , Jiménez D Expósito , Oliver-Goldaracena J 
Published: June 2011

Objective:
The aim is to show ultrasound (US) findings of additional malignant lesions of breast carcinoma visualized on targeted second-look US that were not identified by mammography or US prior to the time of diagnosis.

Materials and Methods:
A double-blind retrospective review of the US results from January 2008 through August 2010 of 228 patients with known breast cancer was conducted by two expert radiologists. The focus of the review was on the second-look US characteristics (following BI-RADS criteria) of 26 documented additional malignant lesions of the 76 with successful sonographic correlation from the 123 lesions detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). All of them, before the MRI, had an initial mammography and a US with a histopathological biopsy of the primary lesion.

Results:
Approximately 60 to 70% of the findings were classified as BI-RADS 2 and BI-RADS 3, while assessing the final US category. The review of the second-look US showed the size of the second malignant additional lesion ranged from 3 to 22 mm, of which 90% were smaller than 10 mm and 66% were smaller than 7 mm.

Conclusions:
Most additional malignant lesions, nonpalpable carcinomas, which were previously not detected by mammography and US at first-look diagnosis, were detected by a targeted second-look US examination. These lesions were of category BI-RADS 2 and BI-RADS 3 and smaller than 7 mm.