bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TOXICITY AND PERSISTENCE OF PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES AS FOLIAR SPRAYS AGAINST DARKSIDED CUTWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) ON TOBACCO IN ONTARIO
Authors: Cheng H. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractToxicity and persistence of six insecticides, including three pyrethroids and three organophosphorus insecticides, against Euxoa messoria (Harris) larvae were evaluated. These insecticides were applied to winter rye or tobacco seedlings in the field, and the residues on the foliage were bioassayed in the laboratory. The pyrethroids, cypermethrin, fenvalerate and permethrin, were more effective and persistent, and killed the larvae more rapidly than the organophosphorus insecticides, sulfopros, chlorpyrifos and trichlorfon. The higher rate of cypermethrin and fenvalerate gave a longer period of protection than the lower rate of the same materials and both materials were persistent longer than permethrin. No visible phytotoxicity was found on the tobacco plants treated directly with sulfopros, trichlorfon, cypermethrin, fenvalerate, and permethrin in the 3 years of tests.
TOXICITY OF INSECTICIDES TO SOME ORCHARD CARABIDS (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE)
Authors: Hagley Elmer A. C. , Pree D. J. , Holliday N. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn the laboratory, endosulfan and phosalone were non-toxic to adult Pterostichus melanarius and Harpalus affinis and of relatively low toxicity to Amara spp. Phosmet was non-toxic to P. melanarius but was toxic to Amara spp. and to a lesser extent to H. affinis. Azinphos-methyl, permethrin, and dimethoate were considerably more toxic to the latter two species than to P. melanarius. Diazinon was toxic to all species and methyl and ethyl parathion were highly toxic to P. melanarius. Bembidion quadrimaculatum was susceptible to most insecticides except endosulfan and phosalone. Mortality in the field generally supported laboratory findings. Diazinon caused the greatest mortality to all species and permethrin caused some mortality to all species. Phosmet was highly toxic to H. affinis and Amara spp. Generally the toxic effects of the insecticides were of relatively short duration.
THE TAXONOMIC STATUS OF BOMBUS FRANKLINI (HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE)
Authors: Plowright R. C. , Stephen W. P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA re-investigation of the taxonomic status of Bombus franklini (Frison) is described. Comb architecture was found to be characteristic of other taxa within its subgenus (Bombus s.s.) but multivariate analysis of wing venation data taken from queens gave a clear separation of franklini from other species within the subgenus. The male genitalia of franklini are markedly distinct from those of B. occidentalis Green. The authors advocate retention of specific status for franklini.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF APHIDS (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) ON ALDER AND BIRCH IN INDIA
Authors: Quednau F.W. , Chakrabarti S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractNeobetulaphis chaetosiphon n. sp. from Alnus nepalensis D. Don. and Betula spp., and Betulaphis longicornis n. sp. from Betula utilis D, Don. and Betula sp. are described. The taxonomic position of the aphids with respect to closely related species is discussed.
MICROTYPE EGGS OF SOME TACHINIDAE (DIPTERA)
Authors: Salkeld E. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe chorionic architecture, including the general and fine structure, of the eggshell of the microtype egg of the tachinid Euexorista futilis (Osten Sacken) is described. It is about 220 μm long, flattened dorso-ventrally, and has distinct dorsal and ventral chorions, each of which is differently structured. The surface features of the microtype eggs of an additional 20 tachinid species are described, and the usefulness of these features in taxonomic decisions is discussed. Three new combinations are used: Allophorocera arator (Aldrich), Cyzenis browni (Curran), and Eufrontina mitis (Curran).
NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF MYCETOPHILIDAE (DIPTERA) FROM THE HOLARCTIC REGION, WITH NOTES ON OTHER SPECIES
Authors: Vockeroth J. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractEight new genera, seven Nearctic and one Holarctic, are described in the subfamily Sciophilinae. These genera, and their type-species, are: Loicia (L. basifurca n. sp.), Acadia (A. polypori n. sp.), Acomoptera (Eudicrana plexipus Garrett), Adicroneura (A. biocellata n. sp.), Aglaomyia (A. gatineau n. sp.), Drepanocerus (D. ensifer n. sp.), Garrettella (Leia shermani Garrett), Saigusaia (Boletina cincta Johannsen). Sixteen other new combinations and two new synonyms, mostly for species described by Garrett and Sherman, are proposed.
AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY FOR DETECTION AND ASSESSMENT OF GRASSHOPPER (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE) DAMAGE TO SMALL GRAIN CROPS IN SASKATCHEWAN
Authors: Olfert O. O. , Gage S. H. , Mukerji M. K. , Randell R. L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAerial colour infra-red photographs were used to detect grasshopper damage to cereal grains, determine extent of damage, estimate crop yield, and identify crops. The detection and identification of grasshopper damage was facilitated by the development of a dichotomous key which differentiates grasshopper damage from other crop anomalies. Crop types and yield were determined from correlations between the optical density of the photographs and the biomass of standing crops.Cost of an aerial survey was estimated at $0.02 per hectare as compared with ground survey cost of $0.20 per hectare. Information provided by an aerial survey of damage has the potential to assist grain growers, extension personnel, and researchers in evaluating the influence of grasshoppers on grain production
ENTOMOPATHOGENIC VIRUSES: STRATEGIES FOR USE IN FOREST INSECT PEST MANAGEMENT
Authors: Morris Oswald N. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractStrategies for the use of entomopathogenic viruses in the management of forest insect pests include the use of viruses by themselves or with other biocontrol or chemical agents applied simultaneously or separately at strategic time intervals. It is concluded that baculoviruses (nuclear polyhedrosis and granulosis viruses) have considerable potential as components of integrated forest insect pest management systems. The prime limiting factors in their large scale use at present are the high cost of virus production and underdevelopment of application technology. Their greatest potential will probably be realized when used as an indirect, or preventative, strategy with a view to preventing the occurrence of pest emergency situations.
INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE AND MOISTURE ON BLACK CUTWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) DEVELOPMENT AND REPRODUCTION
Authors: Archer T. L. , Musick G. L. , Murray R. L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractInfluence of temperature and moisture on black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel), development and reproduction was studied on field corn. The black cutworm spends portions of its life above and below soil, consequently influence of temperature and soil moisture and temperature and relative humidity (R.H.) was determined. Temperatures of 34°, 27°, and 20°C were used with 18%, 24%, and 30% soil moisture and with 40%, 60%, and 80% R.H. In addition, a treatment of 13 °C and 60% R.H. was included.Temperature was the only factor influencing development of all stages, with 27°C the optimum temperature studied. Soil moisture did not influence larval development, but relative humidity affected the first five instars. Larvae required from 6 to 9 instars to complete development, with temperature and relative humidity affecting the number of molts. Head capsule measurements varied depending on the number of molts required for development. Fecundity was greatest at 27° and 20°C, and at 60% and 80% R.H. The optimum treatment for reproduction and adult survival was 20°C and 80% R.H. Many females failed to lay fertile eggs at 34° and 13°C.
POST-EMBRYONIC GROWTH OF THE COLLEMBOLANSFOLSOMIA CANDIDAANDXENYLLA GRISEAAT THREE TEMPERATURES
Authors: Johnson Dan L. , Wellington W. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe relationship between body size and age in two species of Collembola,Folsomia CandidaandXenylla grisea, was studied in three temperature regimes. Power curves were used to describe length as a function of age for each species-temperature combination. Growth parameters (slopes of the log-log curves) and length at hatch (log intercepts) were compared by multiple regression. There was a strong non-linear effect of temperature on growth in the range normally encountered.
INFESTATION OF CERATOCYSTIS WAGENERI-INFECTED PONDEROSA PINES BY BARK BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) IN THE CENTRAL SIERRA NEVADA
Authors: Goheen D. J. , Cobb F. W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe relationship between bark beetle infestation of ponderosa pine and severity of infection by Ceratocystis wageneri was investigated by closely monitoring 256 trees (136 apparently healthy, 60 moderately diseased, and 60 severely diseased at initiation of study) for beetle infestation from summer 1972 to fall 1975. Disease ratings were updated by periodic examination, and some trees changed disease category during the study. Ninety trees were infested by Dendroctonus brevicomis, D. ponderosae, or both, five by buprestids alone, and one tree died from effects of the pathogen alone. Sixty-two of the beetle-infested trees were severely diseased at time of infestation, 25 were moderately diseased, and only three were apparently healthy. Thus, the results showed that bark beetles were much more likely to infest infected than healthy trees. Among diseased trees, those with advanced infections were most likely to be infested. There was evidence that buprestids (especially Melanophila spp.) and possibly Ips spp. attacked diseased trees prior to Dendroctonus spp. infestation.
AN ANALYSIS OF DAILY FORAGING PATTERNS OF LABORATORY COLONIES OF THE EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR, MALACOSOMA AMERICANUM (LEPIDOPTERA: LASIOCAMPIDAE), RECORDED PHOTOELECTRONICALLY
Authors: Fitzgerald T. D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDaily periods of activity of eight colonies of the eastern tent caterpillar, Malacosoma americanum (F.), were monitored photoelectronically under a simulated springtime photoperiod in the laboratory. Colonies averaged 3.7 ± 0.1 (S.E.) activity periods per day (N = 103 colony-days), separated by an average interval of 6.6 ± 0.1 h (N = 389). Foraging trips lasted an average 2.8 ± 0.1 h (N = 397). A plot of 336 activity period midpoints (seven colonies) showed all colony activity peaks to occur between 0600 and 0800 h, 1100 and 1600 h, 1900 and 2100 h, and 0100 and 0400 h. The first three peaks correspond well to previously reported field observations but the early morning foraging trip, which occurred in darkness, was previously unreported by field investigators. The temporal placement of activity peaks shifted from day to day within colonies but the occurrence of evening foraging trips was the most consistent. Dark onset appeared to trigger foraging in resting colonies. Recruitment of hungry caterpillars to food finds appears to be a common component of the foraging strategy of this species.
REARING THE EGG PARASITE OOENCYRTUS ENNOMOPHAGUS (HYMENOPTERA: ENCYRTIDAE) ON EGGS OF CLOSTERA INCLUSA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOTODONTIDAE) KEPT BELOW FREEZING
Authors: Drooz A. T. , Solomon J. D. 
Published: December 2009

The preservation of host material in a state suitable for successful development of beneficial parasite or predator species is desirable for the mass culture of entomophagous species. Thus, Coppel and Mertins (1977) report the coddling of sawfly cocoons, and Fedde et al. (1979) chilled host eggs to keep them in a susceptible state for the egg parasite Telenomus alsophilae Viereck. Such techniques are also valuable to assure continuous rearing of parasites or predators during shortages of hosts.The latter situation pertained while we were studying factitious hosts of the thelyotokous, multivoltine egg parasite Ooencyrtus ennomophagus Yoshimoto (1975). This parasite cannot develop in embryonated eggs; therefore it is essential to hold hosts in the unembryonated condition. Faced with the loss of the typical host for 0. ennomophagus, the univoltine elm spanworm, Ennomos subsignarius (Hübner), we found that eggs of the multivoltine pipla tentmaker, Clostera inclusa (Hübner), would suffice. Field populations of the tentmaker crashed in 1979, leaving us dependent upon a small field-cage rearing of this insect for experimentation.
PREDATION ON ADULTS OF THE FLEA BEETLE PHYLLOTRETA CRUCIFERAE BY LACEWING LARVAE (NEUROPTERA: CHRYSOPIDAE)
Authors: Burgess L. 
Published: December 2009

Several instances of predation by lacewing larvae on adults of the flea beetle Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze) have been observed in Saskatchewan. Other reported insect predators of rapeseed-crop-infesting flea beetles in the Canadian prairie provinces are the beetle Collops vittatus Say (Gerber and Osgood 1975), and one of the big-eyed bugs, Geocoris bullatus (Say) (Burgess 1977).The first observation of an attack on an adult flea beetle by a lacewing larva was in August 1972, when some lacewing larvae, adult flea beetles, diamondback moth larvae (Plutella xylostella (L.)) and unidentified aphids and midges were swept from maturing rapeseed near Aberdeen, Saskatchewan. One of these lacewing larvae attacked an adult of P. cruczferae in a glass collecting-vial and carried the flea beetle around in its jaws. Other lacewing larvae attacked aphids, midges, and diamondback moth larvae. Further evidence for lacewing larvae feeding on adult flea beetles was obtained in August 1979, when a sizeable population of lacewing larvae in a rapeseed crop was encountered near St. Gregor, Saskatchewan. One of the larvae swept from this crop had an adult of P. cruciferae in its jaws when it was first seen in the sweep net. Later the same day, another lacewing larva, swept from a nearby rapeseed field, attacked an adult of P. cruciferae in a collecting vial. In the laboratory both lacewing larvae, still carrying their prey, were quick-frozen, preserved in 70% ethanol and later photographed.
IMPROVED SEX ATTRACTANT BLEND FOR ADULT MALES OF THE GLASSY CUTWORM, CRYMODES DEVASTATOR (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)
Authors: Steck W. F. , Underhill E. W. , Bailey B. K. , Chisholm M. D. 
Published: December 2009

We reported previously (Steck et al. 1977) that equal-parts mixtures of (Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z11-16:Ald) and (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate (Z11-16:Ac) attract male Crymodes devastator (Brace) moths to field traps, and that attraction is enhanced by incorporation of (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate (Z7-12:Ac) in the lure. During subsequent studies with sex lures for this species we discovered that (Z)-11-hexadecenol (Zll-16:OH) is much more effective than Z7-12:Ac as a trapping synergist.During 1978 many structural analogs of the sex attractant components were tested as lure synergists by adding 20% of each analog to a basic 2:l Z11-16:Ald + Z11-16:Ac lure, using numbers of males trapped as the criterion of effect. Z5- and Z7-10:Ac; Z5-, Z7-, and Z9-12:Ac; Z5-, Z7-, Z9-, and Z11-14:Ac; Z5-, Z7-, and Z9-16:Ac were tested in this way, as were the corresponding alcohols and aldehydes and Zll-16:OH. The (E) isomers of these along with Ell-16:Ald and E11-16:Ac were finally tested.
ECONOMIC THRESHOLDS AND ECONOMIC INJURY LEVELS OF CEREAL APHIDS ON BARLEY IN SOUTHWESTERN QUEBEC
Authors: Ba-Angood S. A. , Stewart R. K. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractArtificial infestations of cereal aphids in caged plants were made at different growth stages of barley in the field in 1978 and 1979. Forty, 80, 160, and 200 aphids/tiller reduced grain yield significantly (P < 0.01) when introduced into caged plants at flowering and milky stages for 2 weeks. Only the 150 and 200 aphids/tiller-treatments gave significant reductions in yield when introduction was at the mealy ripe stage. Twenty aphids/tiller gave a significant reduction in yield only when they were introduced at the beginning of ear emergence and flowering, but not at the milky ripe stage. Significant reduction in percentage protein was obtained only when 160 and 200 aphids/tiller were introduced at flowering and milky ripe stages. The economic injury and threshold levels were calculated as 10–18 and 8–16 aphids/tiller, respectively, depending on rate of increase of aphids, costs of chemical control, and the value of the crop in 1978 and 1979.
POLLEN REMOVAL IN CYPRIPEDIUM ACAULE (ORCHIDACEAE) IN RELATION TO AERIAL FENITROTHION SPRAYING IN NEW BRUNSWICK
Authors: Plowright R. C. , Thomson James D. , Thaler G. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMeasures of pollen removal in the orchid Cypripedium acaule Ait. provided a retrospective method for estimating the activity of bumble bee pollinators in New Brunswick spruce-fir forests. Significantly lowered activity was observed in fenitrothion-sprayed forest as compared with unsprayed control areas. The difference is probably attributable to direct mortality of bees in sprayed forest.
COLOUR VARIABILITY AMONG FEMALES OFMICROCTONUS VITTATAE(HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE)
Authors: Wylie H. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFemales ofMicroctonus vittataeMuesebeck reared at 20°C were darker in colour than females reared at 25°C but were lighter than those reared at 15°C. Temperature during the parasite’s larval or pupal development in the cocoon, or both, was apparently responsible for the colour differences. The observed effect of temperature is probably also associated with colour variability among adults ofM.vittataefield-collected throughout the season.
INFLUENCES OF AQUATIC PLANTS ON COLONIZATION OF ARTIFICIAL PONDS BY MOSQUITOES AND THEIR INSECT PREDATORS
Authors: Angerilli Nello P. D. , Beirne Bryan P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe aquatic plants Utricularia minor L., Lemna minor L., and Elodea canadensis Rich. in Michx. were tested for their effects on the colonization of artificial ponds by mosquitoes and their predators. During the 11 weeks of sampling there were significantly fewer mosquito eggs, and hence mosquito larvae, in the plant-filled ponds than in plantless control ponds, and more predators in the Utricularia and Elodea ponds than in the plantless and Lemna ponds.
FEEDING AND BORING BEHAVIOR OF THE BARK BEETLEIPS PARACONFUSUS(COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) ON THE BARK OF A HOST AND NON-HOST TREE SPECIES
Authors: Elkinton J. S. , Wood D. L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMaleIps paraconfususselected a host, ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), over a non-host, white fir (Abies concolor), only after the beetles had bored through the outer bark and into the phloem. Males, when given a choice between bark discs of these tree species in petri dishes, bored readily through the outer bark of either species. However, the beetles penetrated no more than 1 mm into the phloem of white fir, but they bored extensively in the phloem of ponderosa pine. The beetle’s preference for the pine over fir phloem was apparent with intact samples of phloem with the outer bark removed and with ground phloem. No preferences were apparent for the ground or intact pine or fir outer bark, with the phloem removed. The beetles bored preferentially in fissured as opposed to smooth outer bark of either tree. Beetles did not feed in the outer bark but did feed in the phloem of either species. In field experiments beetles attracted to logs of pine and fir bored through the outer bark of each species in nearly equal numbers. In white fir they re-emerged and departed soon after penetration of the phloem, whereas in ponderosa pine they continued excavation of tunnels in the phloem. In contrast, few beetles penetrated even the outer back of incense cedar (Calocedrus decurrens), another non-host species.
RESULTS OF AERIAL TREATMENTS WITH BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS AGAINST SPRUCE BUD WORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA, DURING 3 CONSECUTIVE YEARS
Authors: Smirnoff W. A. 
Published: December 2009

RésuméUn bloc de 40 ha compsé principalement de sapin baumier (Abies balsamea L. (Mill.) a été traité avec une préparation de Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) en 1976, 1977 et 1978 respectivement. Ces traitements n'ont permis qu'une défoliation de la pousse annuelle de 28, 46.5 et 15.2% les 3 années du traitement. En 1979, aucun traitement ne fut réalisé et la défoliation de la pousse annuelle a atteint 19.3%. Dans les zones non-traitées la défoliation de la pousse annuelle fut de 96, 97 et 96% de 1976 à 1978. En 1979, la défoliation fut de 69.6% suite à une mortalité élevée des larves par inanition après ces années de défoliation sévère. Des traitements consécutifs par B.t. peuvent donc maintenir les conditions d'un peuplement à un haut niveau même si ce territoire est entouré par une épidémie de la tordeuse.
EUROPEAN CORN BORER, OSTRINIA NUBILALIS (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE), ON WHEAT
Authors: Willson Harold R. 
Published: December 2009

The European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner, is known to attack nearly every herbaceous plant large enough for the larvae to enter. Although the borer is primarily considered a pest of corn, economic infestations in such New York crops as potatoes, gladiolus, and other large stem plants are not uncommon.In 1977, 1978, and 1979, economic levels of borer infestations were observed in winter wheat. In 1977, the presence of borer in wheat was noted at a number of sites, but only a few cases could be considered economically significant. However, in the 1978 season, the presence of borer in wheat had become common and reports of economic infestations exceeding 5 or 10% were widespread in the western New York wheat growing region. In 1979, the problem of borer on wheat declined significantly, and of infestations located, only one could be considered of economic significance.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE STUDY OF THE WORLD MACROPSINI (RHYNCHOTA: HOMOPTERA: CICADELLIDAE)
Authors: Hamilton K. G. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe generic classification of the Macropsini is reviewed, and five new genera and four new subgenera are erected:Macropsellan. gen.,Macropsis(Neomacropsis) n. subgen,M. (Parapediopsis) n. subgen.,Pedionisn. gen.,P. (Thyia) n. subgen.,Pediopsoides(Celopsis) n. subgen.;Reticopsisn. gen.,Toropsisn. gen., andVaricopsellan. gen.. The following genus-group names are considered to be subgenera:MacropsidiusRibaut as a subgenus ofMacropsisLewis;NanopsisFreytag,KiamoncopsisLinnavuori andSispocnisAnufriev as subgenera ofPediopsoidesMatsumura;ParasitadesSingh-Pruthi as a subgenus ofOncopsisBurmeister.AsmaropsisLinnavuori is synonymized withHephathusRibaut,TsavopsisLinnavuori is synonymized withMacropsis(s.s.) Lewis, andZinnecaAmyot & Serville is synonymized withOncopsisBurm. (s.s.).Three hundred and seventy-three macropsine species (including 59 unnamed species) are placed generically, with 73 new combinations. Twelve new species are described:Macropsella complicata(New Guinea),Macropsis citronella(Australia),M.gagnei(New Guinea),M.gressitti(New Guinea),Oncopsis enopis(Nepal),O.nepalensis(Nepal),O.tortosa(Nepal),Pedionis astrala(Philippines),P.contrasta(Hong Kong),P.venosa(Japan),Pediopsis femorata(Formosa),Varicopsella obtusa(Borneo). An index is provided to the 436 available names in the Macropsini, including four unplaced species from the Ethiopian region and 21 from the Australian region.Macropsine types in the B.P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, the British Museum (Natural History), London, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan, and the U.S. National Museum, Washington are illustrated and lectotypes are designated for Kirkaldy and Matsumura species. A neotype in the Canadian National Collection is designated forZinneca flavidorsumAmyot & Serville.
DISPENSING ALLYL ISOTHIOCYANATE AS AN ATTRACTANT FOR TRAPPING CRUCIFER-FEEDING FLEA BEETLES
Authors: Burgess L. , Wiens J. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractRelease of allyl isothiocyanate through the red rubber sleeve-type stoppers of small serum vials was found to be an effective and convenient method of dispensing this attractant from traps used to catch crucifer-feeding flea beetles. Liquid allyl isothiocyanate in a vial was conducted upwards by capillary action through a length of pipestem cleaner, absorbed by the rubber stopper and given off as a vapor from its outer surface. Release rates were affected by extent of exposure to solar or other radiant heat energy, time, and the thickness of stoppers.