bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exercise in later life: the older adults' perspective about resistance training
Authors: HENWOOD TIM , TUCKETT ANTHONY , EDELSTEIN OFFER , BARTLETT HELEN 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTFor older adults, exercise that challenges the muscular system, commonly referred to as resistance training, has significant physical, psychometrical and functional benefits. While well recognised by the scientific community, the translation of these benefits into practice has received little attention. Particularly neglected is an understanding of the personal experiences, motivation towards and adherence to resistance training recommendations among older adults. This paper investigated the benefits older individuals attribute to resistance training and the motivational tactics they employed to undertake it. Data were drawn from three focus groups where participants (⩾65 years; presently, previously or wanting to become involved in a resistance training intervention) were encouraged to openly discuss resistance training, physical activity and exercise. Findings revealed that participants were aware of the benefits of training on general and functional health, and that these benefits were employed in the motivation to train. In addition, presently or previously trained individuals stress the importance of environment and programme structure as a training motivator. The benefits to mental and social health, effect on ageing and body image were also raised. However, participants discussed these in a broad context. While it could be said that public knowledge reflects current evidence, it is also clear that individuals are still unaware of a number of specific benefits.
Service use barriers differentiating care-givers' service use patterns
Authors: HONG SONG-IEE , HASCHE LESLIE , LEE MI JIN 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTThis study describes what types of service use barriers older adults' informal care-givers perceive and examines how these barriers differentiate care-giver service use patterns. Analysing the 2004 National Long-Term Care Survey and Informal Care-giver Data Set (N=1908) in the United States of America, this study reports the prevalence of service barriers for each type of service as well as for overall service use. Service barriers are measured in terms of availability, awareness, affordability, staff quality, privacy violation, complex bureaucracy, language barriers, qualification of each programme and no thought of service. Andersen's health behaviour model guides determinants related to care-giver service use patterns. As a main outcome, care-giver service use patterns (light service users, selective in-home users, and multiple service users) are examined in relation to service use barriers when other predisposing, enabling and need variables are controlled. Of the ten service use barriers defined in this study, awareness and no thought of service are the most prevalent barriers. Care-givers reporting service barriers of availability, awareness and affordability are more likely to be light service users compared to multiple service users and selective in-home service users. These findings highlight the significance of enhancing awareness of care-giver supportive services as well as increasing availability and financial support for service use.
The impact of socio-contextual, physical and lifestyle variables on measures of physical and psychological wellbeing among Māori and non-Māori: the New Zealand Health, Work and Retirement Study
Authors: DULIN PATRICK L. , STEPHENS CHRISTINE , ALPASS FIONA , HILL ROBERT D. , STEVENSON BRENDAN 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTThis article provides an overview of the New Zealand Health, Work and Retirement Study (HWR), the focus of which is on determinants of cultural-contextual factors on physical and mental health among 6,662 New Zealand citizens, a nationally representative sample of adults between 55 and 70 years of age. The HWR was initiated in 2006 with two-year re-assessment intervals. The health and wellbeing of older Māori was a study priority as previous research has shown large health disparities between Māori and non-Māori in New Zealand. Persons of Māori origin were over-sampled to ensure adequate information for subsequent analyses. First-wave results indicated that socioeconomic status, social support and retirement status were associated with optimal ageing among older adults in New Zealand. Māori scored lower on markers of physical and mental health, which was partially explained by restrictive factors including reduced economic living standards and a propensity towards less physical activity. After controlling for multiple socio-contextual and biological variables, ethnicity continued to predict health, suggesting that there are other markers of health and wellbeing in ageing among Māori. Structural variables which restrict access to health care and predispose Māori to engage in maladaptive lifestyle behaviours combined with the distal effects of colonisation may contribute to the health disparities found between Māori and the majority population in New Zealand.
Residential complexes in Queensland, Australia: a space of segregation and ageism?
Authors: PETERSEN MAREE , WARBURTON JENI 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTIn western countries, large residential complexes comprising retirement villages and care facilities have become synonymous with specialised housing for older people, but gerontology has tended to view retirement villages and care facilities as separate and different spaces. By researching these spaces separately, gerontology's examination of the development of residential complexes and older people's housing has been hindered. This paper explores the geographies of residential complexes in south-east Queensland, Australia, by employing data from a larger study that utilised Lefebvre's spatial framework,social space. Its specific focus is Lefebvre's concept ofrepresentations of space, part of the triad ofsocial space. The paper outlines how the professional knowledge of designers, planners and policy makers shape and frame the place of older people in contemporary society. The findings indicate that professional knowledge is characterised by contradictions, and that business interests sustain stereotypes of older people as either ageless or dependent. Furthermore, spaces designed for older people reinforce historical legacies of separation from the community. This form of built environment can thus be seen as both a cause and effect of ageism. Generally, the lack of attention by gerontology to these spaces has hampered discussion of alternatives for older people's housing in Australia and, importantly, the development of responsive urban and social planning.
From expert systems to context-based intelligent assistant systems: a testimony
Authors: Brézillon Patrick 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis paper presents a personal interpretation of the evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) systems during these last 25 years. This evolution is presented along five generations of AI systems, namely expert systems, joint cognitive systems, intelligent systems, intelligent assistant systems, and the coming generation of context-based intelligent assistant systems. Our testimony relies on different real-world applications in different domains, especially for the French national power company, the subway companies in Paris and in Rio de Janeiro, in medicine, a platform for e-maintenance, road safety, and open sources. Our main claim is to underline that the next generation of AI systems (context-based intelligent assistant systems) requires a radically different consideration on context and its relations with the users, the task at hand, the situation, and the environment in which the task is accomplish by the user; the observation of users through their behaviors and not a profile library; a robust conceptual framework for modeling and managing context; and a computational tool for representing in a uniform way pieces of knowledge, of reasoning, and of contexts.
On the evolving relation between Belief Revision and Argumentation
Authors: Falappa Marcelo A. , García Alejandro J. , Kern-Isberner Gabriele , Simari Guillermo R. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractResearch on the relation between Belief Revision and Argumentation has always been fruitful in both directions: some argumentation formalisms can be used to define belief change operators, and belief change techniques have also been used for modeling the dynamics of beliefs in argumentation formalisms. In this paper, we give a historical perspective on how belief revision has evolved in the last three decades, and how it has been combined with argumentation. First, we will recall the foundational works concerning the links between both areas. On the basis of such insights, we will present a conceptual view on this topic and some further developments. We offer a glimpse into the future of research in this area based on the understanding of argumentation and belief revision as complementary, mutually useful disciplines.
Interactive knowledge capture in the new millennium: how the Semantic Web changed everything
Authors: Gil Yolanda 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe Semantic Web has radically changed the landscape of knowledge acquisition research. It used to be the case that a single user would edit a local knowledge base, that the user would have domain expertise to add to the system, and that the system would have a centralized knowledge base and reasoner. The world surrounding knowledge-rich systems changed drastically with the advent of the Web, and many of the original assumptions were no longer a given. Those assumptions had to be revisited and addressed in combination with new challenges that were put forward. Knowledge-rich systems today are distributed, have many users with different degrees of expertise, and integrate many shared knowledge sources of varying quality. Recent work in interactive knowledge capture includes new and exciting research on collaborative knowledge sharing, collecting knowledge from Web volunteers, and capturing knowledge provenance.
Factors related to household food insecurity in the Republic of Korea
Authors: Kim Kirang , Kim Mi Kyung , Shin Young-Jeon , Lee Sang Sun 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the prevalence of food insecurity and to identify factors that contribute to it in the Republic of Korea.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingData were selected from a secondary data set, the third Korean Welfare Panel Study. Household food insecurity was measured with a six-item Korean version of the US Household Food Security Survey Module. The differences in proportions or means of household characteristics, householder's characteristics, economic status and social benefits by food insecurity status were tested with the χ2 or t test. The independent associations of food insecurity with each characteristic were assessed with multivariate logistic regression analysis.SubjectsThe sample size consisted of 6238 households.ResultsThe prevalence of food insecurity was 5·3 % among all households and 25·7 % among low-income households. Risk factors that were associated with a higher risk of food insecurity included living alone, unemployment, no job, low household income and living in a leased or rented home. For low-income households, living in a leased or rented home increased the risk of food insecurity. Among food-insecure households, 26·1 % of the full sample of households and 34·3 % of low-income households were participating in food assistance programmes.ConclusionsFood insecurity among the Korean population was related to household type, income, job status and housing. Food assistance programmes were not enough to completely alleviate food insecurity.
Development of a diet quality index assessing adherence to the Swedish nutrition recommendations and dietary guidelines in the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort
Authors: Drake Isabel , Gullberg Bo , Ericson Ulrika , Sonestedt Emily , Nilsson Jan , Wallström Peter , Hedblad Bo , Wirfält Elisabet 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo develop a diet quality index (DQI) that assesses adherence to the Swedish nutrition recommendations (SNR) and the Swedish dietary guidelines (SDG).DesignA cross-sectional study within the Malmö Diet and Cancer (MDC) cohort. A diet history method collected dietary data, a structured questionnaire lifestyle and socio-economic information, and anthropometric data were collected by direct measurements. The index (DQI-SNR) included six components: SFA, PUFA, fish and shellfish, dietary fibre, fruit and vegetables, and sucrose.SettingMalmö, Sweden.SubjectsMen (n 4525) and women (n 8491) of the MDC cohort enrolled from September 1994 to October 1996.ResultsFor participants with high DQI-SNR scores, nutrient and food intakes were close to recommendations. However, most of the study population exceeded the recommended intake for SFA (98 %) and few reached recommended intakes for dietary fibre (24 %), fruit and vegetables (32 %), vitamin D (18 %) and folate (2 %). A high DQI-SNR score was positively associated with age, physical activity, not smoking, past food habit change, education and socio-economic status. Individuals with high scores were more likely to have a diabetes diagnosis or experienced a cardiovascular event.ConclusionsResults suggest that the DQI-SNR is a useful tool for assessing adherence to the SNR 2005 and the SDG in the MDC cohort. No index has previously been developed with the aim of evaluating adherence to the current dietary recommendations in Sweden. Further validation of the DQI-SNR, and evaluation of its utility, is needed.
Genome‐wide association study reveals five nucleotide sequence variants for carcass traits in beef cattle
Authors: Kim Y. , Ryu J. , Woo J. , Kim J. B. , Kim C. Y. , Lee C. 
Published: February 2011

SummaryGenetic associations of nucleotide sequence variants with carcass traits in beef cattle were investigated using a genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assay. Three hundred and thirteen Korean cattle were genotyped with the Illumina BovineSNP50 BeadChip, and 39 129 SNPs from 311 animals were analysed for each carcass phenotype after filtering by quality assurance. Five sequence markers were associated with one of the meat quantity or quality traits; rs109593638 on chromosome 3 with marbling score, rs109821175 on chromosome 11 and rs110862496 on chromosome 13 with backfat thickness (BFT), and rs110228023 on chromosome 6 and rs110201414 on chromosome 16 with eye muscle area (EMA) (P < 1.27 × 10−6, Bonferonni P < 0.05). The ss96319521 SNP, located within a gene with functions of muscle development, dishevelled homolog 1 (DVL1), would be a desirable candidate marker. Individuals with genotype CC at this gene appeared to have increased both EMA and carcass weight. Fine‐mapping would be required to refine each of the five association signals shown in the current study for future application in marker‐assisted selection for genetic improvement of beef quality and quantity.
The role of bovine causal genes underlying dairy traits in Spanish Churra sheep
Authors: García‐Fernández M. , Gutiérrez‐Gil B. , Sánchez J. P. , Morán J. A. , García‐Gámez E. , Álvarez L. , Arranz J. J. 
Published: February 2011

SummaryIn dairy cattle, quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) underlying quantitative trait loci (QTL) for milk production traits have been identified in bovine DGAT1, GHR and ABCG2 genes. The SPP1 gene has also been proposed to be a regulator of lactation. In sheep, QTL underlying milk production traits have been reported only recently, and no proven QTN has been identified. Taking into account the close phylogenetic relationship between sheep and cattle, this study examined the possible effects of the aforementioned genes on sheep milk production traits. We first studied the genetic variability of the DGAT1, GHR, ABCG2 and SPP1 genes in 15 rams of the Spanish Churra dairy sheep breed. Second, we performed an association analysis between SNPs identified in these genes and three milk production traits recorded in a commercial population of Churra sheep. This analysis revealed only three significant associations at the nominal level (P‐value <0.05) involving allelic variants of the ABCG2 gene, whereas no significant association was found for the DGAT1, GHR and SPP1 genes. When the Bonferroni correction was applied to take into account the multiple tests performed, none of the associations identified at the nominal level remained significant. Nevertheless, taking into account the high level of false‐negative findings that can arise when applying the stringent Bonferroni correction, we think that our results provide a valuable primary assessment of strong candidate genes for milk traits in sheep.
Expression and clinical significance of glucose transporter 1 mRNA in bronchial brushing liquid‐based cytology specimens from patients with and without lung cancer
Authors: Lv M. , Fan Y.‐B. , Zhao Y.‐J. , Wang T.‐Y. , Wu G.‐P. 
Published: February 2011

M. Lv, Y.‐B. Fan, Y.‐J. Zhao, T.‐Y. Wang and G.‐P. WuExpression and clinical significance of glucose transporter 1 mRNA in bronchial brushing liquid‐based cytology specimens from patients with and without lung cancerObjective:  The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic utility of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) mRNA expression in bronchial brushing specimens from patients with lung cancer.Methods:  GLUT1 mRNA levels were detected by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) in SurePathTM liquid‐based cytology bronchial brushing specimens from patients with lung cancer (n = 76) and benign lung disease (n = 154).Results:  Compared with patients with benign disease and compared with cytology, GLUT1 mRNA was found significantly more frequently in patients with all carcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, adenocarcinomas and small cell carcinomas, as well as central, peripheral and diffuse carcinomas (P < 0.01). Minor differences were noted in GLUT1 mRNA and cytology results between histological types and tumour location but were not statistically significant. The diagnostic performance of RT‐PCR analysis of GLUT1 mRNA was significantly higher than cytology in terms of sensitivity (97.4 ± 3.6% versus 65.8 ± 10.7) and negative predictive value (98.6 ± 1.9%, versus 85.6 ± 5.1%) but specificity (90.9 ± 4.5%) and positive predictive value (84.1 ± 7.6%) were lower than cytology (100%).Conclusions:  Using liquid‐based cytology, RT‐PCR can be performed on bronchial brushing specimens to detect GLUT1 mRNA expression, and may be a useful adjunct to cytology diagnosis. It was more sensitive than cytology but its lower specificity should be taken into account.
Functional traits and local environment predict vegetation responses to disturbance: a pan‐European multi‐site experiment
Authors: Bernhardt‐Römermann Markus , Gray Alan , Vanbergen Adam J. , Bergès Laurent , Bohner Andreas , Brooker Rob W. , De Bruyn Luc , De Cinti Bruno , Dirnböck Thomas , Grandin Ulf , Hester Alison J. , Kanka Róbert , Klotz Stefan , Loucougaray Grégory , Lundin Lars , Matteucci Giorgio , Mészáros Ilona , Oláh Viktor , Preda Elena , Prévosto Bernard , Pykälä Juha , Schmidt Wolfgang , Taylor Michele E. , Vadineanu Angheluta , Waldmann Theresa , Stadler Jutta 
Published: February 2011

Summary 1. Disturbance is one of the most important factors structuring the taxonomic and functional composition of vegetation. Vegetation resistance or resilience to disturbance depends on local environmental conditions, further modifying the pool of species and traits. This paper aims to understand how disturbance and local environment combine to affect the resistance and resilience of vegetation. 2. A functional‐trait approach was used to detect traits related to vegetation resistance and resilience, and trait attributes of individual species responding to disturbance. Trait approaches enable comparison of vegetation responses across biogeographic regions containing different species pools. 3. At 35 European forest and grassland sites, experimental disturbance (human trampling) was applied at five intensities. Indices for resistance and resilience were calculated, based on total vegetation cover, and related to climate and local site factors. Additional indices were calculated for the most common species to demonstrate traits that confer resistance and resilience to disturbance. 4. Vegetation resistance was related to occurrence of species with traits selected by a history of intensive land use (smaller leaf size, rosette plant form) and local environmental conditions. Vegetation resilience, however, was associated with ecosystem properties that facilitate higher growth rates. Resilient vegetation occurred where irradiation was higher (grasslands, open forests) with sufficient water availability (summer precipitation, humidity) and comprised of species with traits related to enhanced growth rates (increased specific leaf area, decreased leaf dry matter content). 5. Synthesis. This pan‐European disturbance experiment demonstrates that different drivers (land use or climate) of vegetation response show different mechanistic responses to physical disturbance. Resistance depends on the functional composition of predominant species in the assemblage, which is strongly affected by land‐use history; resilience is directly connected to growth rates affected by climate. We argue for the inclusion of land‐use history and climate into the planning process for visitor management, especially in areas of high conservation interest.
The pepper receptor‐like cytoplasmic protein kinase CaPIK1 is involved in plant signaling of defense and cell‐death responses
Authors: Kim Dae Sung , Hwang Byung Kook 
Published: February 2011

SummaryCertain protein kinases have been shown to be crucial for plant cell signaling pathways associated with plant immune responses. Here we identified a pepper (Capsicum annuum) receptor‐like cytoplasmic protein kinase (RLCK) gene (CaPIK1) that is transcriptionally activated by infection with Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv). Silencing of CaPIK1 in pepper plants confers enhanced susceptibility to Xcv infection. Salicylic acid‐dependent defense responses are attenuated in the CaPIK1‐silenced plants, including expression of salicylic acid‐dependent genes, but not of a jasmonic acid‐regulated gene. Induction of salicylic acid accumulation by Xcv infection is compromised in CaPIK1‐silenced plants. The functional CaPIK1 protein not only autophosphorylates, but also phosphorylates myelin basic protein. CaPIK1 exists in the cytoplasm and also localizes to the plasma membrane of plant cells via its N‐terminus. Transient expression of CaPIK1 in pepper leaves leads to generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), ultimately leading to hypersensitive cell death. Over‐expression (OX) of CaPIK1 in Arabidopsis enhances the basal resistance to infection with Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato and Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis, associated with elevated ROS bursts. Salicylic acid levels in CaPIK1‐OX plants are higher than those in wild‐type plants. Together, these results suggest that CaPIK1 modulates the signaling required for the salicylic acid‐dependent defense response to pathogen infection.