bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uncovering COVID-19 transmission tree: identifying traced and untraced infections in an infection network
Authors: Lee Hyunwoo , Choi Hayoung , Lee Hyojung , Lee Sunmi , Kim Changhoon 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionThis paper presents a comprehensive analysis of COVID-19 transmission dynamics using an infection network derived from epidemiological data in South Korea, covering the period from January 3, 2020, to July 11, 2021. The network illustrates infector-infectee relationships and provides invaluable insights for managing and mitigating the spread of the disease. However, significant missing data hinder conventional analysis of such networks from epidemiological surveillance.MethodsTo address this challenge, this article suggests a novel approach for categorizing individuals into four distinct groups, based on the classification of their infector or infectee status as either traced or untraced cases among all confirmed cases. The study analyzes the changes in the infection networks among untraced and traced cases across five distinct periods.ResultsThe four types of cases emphasize the impact of various factors, such as the implementation of public health strategies and the emergence of novel COVID-19 variants, which contribute to the propagation of COVID-19 transmission. One of the key findings is the identification of notable transmission patterns in specific age groups, particularly in those aged 20-29, 40-69, and 0-9, based on the four type classifications. Furthermore, we develop a novel real-time indicator to assess the potential for infectious disease transmission more effectively. By analyzing the lengths of connected components, this indicator facilitates improved predictions and enables policymakers to proactively respond, thereby helping to mitigate the effects of the pandemic on global communities.ConclusionThis study offers a novel approach to categorizing COVID-19 cases, provides insights into transmission patterns, and introduces a real-time indicator for better assessment and management of the disease transmission, thereby supporting more effective public health interventions.
Risk factors analysis and prediction model construction for severe pneumonia in older adult patients
Authors: Liu Ming-Li , Jiang Hai-Feng , Zhang Xue-Ling , Lu Cai-Xia 
Published: June 2024

ObjectivePneumonia is a common and serious infectious disease that affects the older adult population. Severe pneumonia can lead to high mortality and morbidity in this group. Therefore, it is important to identify the risk factors and develop a prediction model for severe pneumonia in older adult patients.MethodIn this study, we collected data from 1,000 older adult patients who were diagnosed with pneumonia and admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) in a tertiary hospital. We used logistic regression and machine learning methods to analyze the risk factors and construct a prediction model for severe pneumonia in older adult patients. We evaluated the performance of the model using accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and calibration plot.ResultWe found that age, comorbidities, vital signs, laboratory tests, and radiological findings were associated with severe pneumonia in older adult patients. The prediction model had an accuracy of 0.85, a sensitivity of 0.80, a specificity of 0.88, and an AUC of 0.90. The calibration plot showed good agreement between the predicted and observed probabilities of severe pneumonia.ConclusionThe prediction model can help clinicians to stratify the risk of severe pneumonia in older adult patients and provide timely and appropriate interventions.
Automatic text classification of drug-induced liver injury using document-term matrix and XGBoost
Authors: Chen Minjun , Wu Yue , Wingerd Byron , Liu Zhichao , Xu Joshua , Thakkar Shraddha , Pedersen Thomas J. , Donnelly Tom , Mann Nicholas , Tong Weida , Wolfinger Russell D. , Bao Wenjun 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionRegulatory agencies generate a vast amount of textual data in the review process. For example, drug labeling serves as a valuable resource for regulatory agencies, such as U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Europe Medical Agency (EMA), to communicate drug safety and effectiveness information to healthcare professionals and patients. Drug labeling also serves as a resource for pharmacovigilance and drug safety research. Automated text classification would significantly improve the analysis of drug labeling documents and conserve reviewer resources.MethodsWe utilized artificial intelligence in this study to classify drug-induced liver injury (DILI)-related content from drug labeling documents based on FDA’s DILIrank dataset. We employed text mining and XGBoost models and utilized the Preferred Terms of Medical queries for adverse event standards to simplify the elimination of common words and phrases while retaining medical standard terms for FDA and EMA drug label datasets. Then, we constructed a document term matrix using weights computed by Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) for each included word/term/token.ResultsThe automatic text classification model exhibited robust performance in predicting DILI, achieving cross-validation AUC scores exceeding 0.90 for both drug labels from FDA and EMA and literature abstracts from the Critical Assessment of Massive Data Analysis (CAMDA).DiscussionMoreover, the text mining and XGBoost functions demonstrated in this study can be applied to other text processing and classification tasks.
Identifying stationary microbial interaction networks based on irregularly spaced longitudinal 16S rRNA gene sequencing data
Authors: Zhou Jie , Gui Jiang , Viles Weston D. , Chen Haobin , Li Siting , Madan Juliette C. , Coker Modupe O. , Hoen Anne G. 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionThe microbial interactions within the human microbiome are complex, and few methods are available to identify these interactions within a longitudinal microbial abundance framework. Existing methods typically impose restrictive constraints, such as requiring long sequences and equal spacing, on the data format which in many cases are violated.MethodsTo identify microbial interaction networks (MINs) with general longitudinal data settings, we propose a stationary Gaussian graphical model (SGGM) based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing data. In the SGGM, data can be arbitrarily spaced, and there are no restrictions on the length of data sequences from a single subject. Based on the SGGM, EM -type algorithms are devised to compute the L1-penalized maximum likelihood estimate of MINs. The algorithms employ the classical graphical LASSO algorithm as the building block and can be implemented efficiently. ResultsExtensive simulation studies show that the proposed algorithms can significantly outperform the conventional algorithms if the correlations among the longitudinal data are reasonably high. When the assumptions in the SGGM areviolated, e.g., zero inflation or data from heterogeneous microbial communities, the proposed algorithms still demonstrate robustness and perform better than the other existing algorithms. The algorithms are applied to a 16S rRNA gene sequencing data set from patients with cystic fibrosis. The results demonstrate strong evidence of an association between the MINs and the phylogenetic tree, indicating that the genetically related taxa tend to have more/stronger interactions. These results strengthen the existing findings in literature. DiscussionThe proposed algorithms can potentially be used to explore the network structure in genome, metabolome etc. as well.
The Impact of Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy (OPAT) in Al Hada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia
Authors: De Asis Jean B. , Al Ghamdi Abdulrahman , Abid Muhammed H. , Al Nofeye Jamal , Bautista Reynan S. 
Published: June 2024

Background In the realm of healthcare quality, outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) has emerged as the gold standard for managing patients who have transitioned from inpatient care but still require extended intravenous antimicrobial treatment. The adoption of OPAT at Al Hada Armed Forces Hospital in Taif, Saudi Arabia, not only bolsters patient satisfaction but also serves as a catalyst for reduced hospitalization durations, lower rates of emergency department readmissions, and an overall reduction in healthcare expenditures. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of OPAT in a tertiary center facility in Saudi Arabia. Methods In this retrospective investigation, we conducted a thorough review of patient records spanning from November 2020 to October 2021. Our study encompassed all patients who had intravenous antibiotics and were participants in the hospital’s OPAT program during this specific timeframe. Our primary goal was to achieve a 20% reduction in the total number of hospital bed days related to long-term antibiotic therapy. Results The incorporation of OPAT has yielded a multifaceted transformation within the hospital. Over the span of one year, from November 2020 to October 2021, there was a notable decrease in the proportion of patients requiring intravenous antibiotics. This percentage initially dropped from 23% to 12% with the implementation of the OPAT quality improvement project, and later, it reached an even lower 8%. This positive transformation not only had a positive impact on patient care but also led to significant cost savings, exceeding 2 million riyals. These savings were primarily driven by the reduction in hospitalization duration and the more efficient allocation of resources. Moreover, this improvement contributed to the avoidance of 673 patient days of hospitalization, thereby creating additional resources for more critical cases. Conclusion OPAT has emerged as a pivotal component of Al Hada Armed Forces Hospital’s commitment to elevating healthcare quality. This abstract offers a concise insight into the quality-driven impact of OPAT within a specific healthcare context, underlining its capacity to optimize patient care, enhance healthcare efficiency, and elevate resource allocation. Ongoing research and continuous evaluation will play a critical role in refining and expanding the OPAT program while preserving its quality-oriented perspective.
Research of the organizational culture of small business entities
Authors: Cherepanov A. V. , Polikarpova Ya. N. 
Published: June 2024

The necessity of developing new approaches and techniques, adapting existing options for a deeper diagnosis of organizational cultures for small business entities (organizations) is actualized. The author's version of the understanding of the spheres and types of organizational culture is proposed, the results of diagnostics and a graphical representation of the profile of the organizational culture of small businesses in the field of consulting, based on the application of the methodology of the framework design by K. Cameron and R. Quinn, are presented. The specific features of the organizational culture of small business entities are highlighted.
Accounting profession and digital technologies: threats and reality
Authors: Kuvaldina T. B. , Demura E. A. 
Published: June 2024

Nowadays, it is not uncommon to hear words that the accountant profession may disappear from the labor market. Similar statements are being made by officials from the Ministry of Economic Development and the Ministry of Finance of Russia. Experts believe that an accountant can be replaced by artificial intelligence. In the age of technological progress, such statements can be considered justified, but information technology can make mistakes that, due to its professionalism, only a real person can detect. In addition, businesses need a professional who is able to interpret and analyze data obtained using new digital technologies, build a control system and give an expert assessment of the work of the neural network itself. The article discusses the issues of the future of the accounting profession, taking into account the opinions of students of the Omsk State University of Railway Engineering.
Individual cage housing affects feed intake and induces sex-specific effects on body weight in Japanese quails
Authors: Reda Gebrehaweria K. , Ndunguru Sawadi F. , Csernus Brigitta , Lugata James K. , Knop Renáta , Szabó Csaba , Czeglédi Levente 
Published: June 2024

Individual cage housing in poultry production could be a potentially stressful environment for the birds that can alter feed intake, consequently induce negative effects on performance. Previous studies used individual bird-based experiments to extract the detailed molecular, physiological, and fitness outcomes of treatments. Understanding sex-specific effects of isolation on social birds such as Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica) may reveal important considerations. To understand this phenomenon, birds were kept in groups of 10 for one week and they were kept in individual cages for another week. Daily feed intake (DFI) was measured each day and body weight was measured at the beginning, middle, and end of group rearing and at the beginning and end of individual rearing. It was found that both males and females showed a reduction DFI in response to individual rearing (p<0.0001). Females consumed on average 29.38% higher amount of feed than males. Additionally, females showed a pronounced reduction in body weight after isolation, while the effect on males was not significant. Similarly, females had on average 17.61% higher body weight than males. The body weight to DFI ratio was higher in males than females. The finding of this research revealed an important implication of isolation and sex differences.
Tratamento cirurgico de sialólito de grandes proporções em glândula sublingual: relato de caso
Authors: Gusmão Maria Vitória Sales de , Lima Innara Carla Santos , Ribeiro Igor Lerner Hora , Andrade Clarisse Samara de , Sales Pedro Henrique da Hora 
Published: June 2024

A sialolitíase é uma condição benigna que envolve a formação de pequenos depósitos de cálcio e outros minerais nas glândulas salivares principais: glândulas parótidas, submandibulares e sublinguais. Sua etiologia até o presente momento é inexplorada. Portanto, se presume na existência de fatores que afetam a formação de cálculos salivares e são divididos em dois grupos: os anatômicos, que afetam a formação ou o fluxo da saliva e os de composição. É uma condição que afeta predominantemente indivíduos de 30 a 60 anos e sendo mais comum em homens. Pacientes que apresentam sialólitos geralmente apontam história de inchaço na glândula salivar afetada, podendo não manifestar sintomatologia dolorosa, ou também, início agudo de dor que piora com as refeições. O diagnóstico clínico pode ser desafiador, mas as técnicas diagnósticas modernas envolvem a ultrassonografia, tomografia computadorizada, ressonância magnética (RM) e visualização direta com sialoendoscopia, podendo diagnosticar com previsão levando a resultados positivos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo relatar um caso de remoção cirúrgica de sialólito em glândula sublingual. Para o paciente em discussão, foi levado em consideração sua queixa principal e seu quadro clínico. Foi realizado exame clínico, onde foi possível notar a presença de uma área endurecida na região anterior do assoalho bucal. Com o auxílio do exame de imagem o diagnóstico final estabelecido foi sialólito na glândula sublingual. O paciente foi submetido ao procedimento cirúrgico, sob anestesia geral. Foi realizado uma incisão cirúrgica por via intra-oral até a exposição do cálculo salivar, a cirurgia transcorreu sem intercorrências. O paciente está em acompanhamento há 2 anos, encontrava-se estável e sem recorrência da condição clínica. Conclui-se que o tratamento cirúrgico se mostrou eficaz para o tratamento do paciente no presente caso.
A prevalência da doença inflamatória pélvica em usuária de dispositivos intrauterinos: uma revisão de bibliografia
Authors: Martins Letícia Teixeira , Montenegro Luisa Rasia , Cruz Isabela Chein Andere , Cabrero Gabriela Veiga de Castro , França Millena Matheus , Tokarski Igor Caminha , Senger Nicole Ossipe , Souza Milzara Menezes de , Oliveira Karin Luíse Cavalcanti da Mota Cabral de , Oliveira Isabella Eduarda de Godoy , Porto Valentina Malzoni Dias , Aleixo Daniela de Sousa e Silva 
Published: June 2024

A relação entre DIU (Dispositivo Intrauterino) e DIP (Doença Inflamatória Pélvica) é uma questão crucial na saúde reprodutiva das mulheres. O DIU é um método contraceptivo de longa duração e altamente eficaz na prevenção da gravidez. No entanto, a literatura possui certas divergências acerca da relação entre o DIU aumentar o número de DIP. Dessa forma, esse estudo tem por objetivo reunir os principais achados acerca do tema e elucidar os fatos. Nesse viés, essa revisão teve como metodologia realizar uma revisão de literatura nas principais bases de dados : Scielo, Pubmed e Google Acadêmico, foram utilizados os 13 artigos mais relevantes para a síntese do estudo. Dessa forma, conclui-se que a maioria das mulheres que usam esse contraceptivo não desenvolve DIP, a incidência é rara. No entanto, alguns fatores de risco podem levar a predisposição, são eles: múltiplos parceiros sexuais, história prévia de infecções pélvicas, relações sexuais sem uso de preservativos. Logo, o estudo mostrou que o DIU é altamente eficaz para a contracepção e a sua relação com a DIP não é significativa, sendo altamente seguro para todas as mulheres em idade fértil.
Utilização da toxina botulínica no tratamento da Alopecia Androgenética: revisão sistemática
Authors: Maciel Fabiana Ferreira Paranhos 
Published: June 2024

A injeção intramuscular de toxina botulínica é responsável por relaxar o músculo, reduzir a pressão exercida, elevando assim de maneira significativa a pressão sanguínea do couro cabeludo, o que possibilita melhorias no quadro de alopecia androgenética. O objetivo principal dessa pesquisa é avaliar a utilização da toxina botulínica no tratamento da alopecia androgenética através de uma revisão sistemática da literatura. E seus objetivos específicos: Determinar o que é toxina botulínica; Definir o que é a alopecia androgenética e sua identificação; Identificar a forma com que a substância é utilizada no tratamento da alopecia androgenética; Reconhecer a eficácia da terapia quando comparada com outros métodos de tratamento tradicionais. Para a realização desse estudo foi realizado uma revisão sistemática da literatura, através da extração de artigos das plataformas do Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde (BVS), PubMed e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS). Foram selecionados 10 artigos que se incluíram nos requisitos de inclusão e exclusão para a realização dessa pesquisa. A toxina botulínica produz resultados significativos no tratamento de alopecia androgenética, tendo poucos efeitos colaterais, que em sua maioria são vistos como leves. São vistos dados relevantes acerca da resposta positiva com a utilização da substância, entretanto é possivel identificar que são necessários mais estudos acerca dessa, para que seu mecanismo de ação seja elucidado e com isso determinada a quantidade adequada da substância a ser utilizada, evitando assim complicações em efeitos colaterais.
Abordagem da legislação que regulamenta a concessão da aposentadoria da pessoa com deficiência
Authors: Sá Ana Carolina Mendes de 
Published: June 2024

Há previsão legal de aposentadoria em tempo especial para segurados do Regime Geral de Previdência Social (RGPS) portadores de deficiência. Tal concessão é estabelecida na Lei Complementar número 142, de 08 de maio de 2013. Realizar uma breve revisão acerca do tema com o objetivo de esclarecer e entender melhor a participação do Perito Médico Federal no processo de aposentadoria da pessoa com deficiência. Foi realizada uma análise por meio de pesquisas nas legislações antigas e vigentes, além da utilização do Manual de Prático para aplicação do instrumento de avaliação de pessoas com deficiência, elaborado pelo Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social (INSS). A pessoa portadora de deficiência e que é segurada do Regime Geral de Previdência Social (RGPS), após a vigência da Lei Complementar no. 142 de 08 de maio de 2013, tem direito a se aposentar com menor tempo de contribuição previdenciária, de acordo com o grau de deficiência estabelecido na perícia. É fundamental a participação do Perito Médico Federal no processo de concessão de aposentadoria previdenciária para as pessoas portadoras de deficiência.
Magnetization reversal by multiple optical pulses for a photonic spiking neuron with the leaky integrate and fire model
Authors: Takagi Gaku , Murai Toshiya , Shoji Yuya 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Photonic accelerators are anticipated to be the next generation of hardware processors, replacing traditional electronic accelerators. In current photonic accelerators based on artificial neural networks, photonic integrated circuits are incorporated with electronic integrated circuits to leverage their strengths: photonic circuits are used to perform linear calculations, while electronic circuits are used to perform nonlinear calculations. However, this architecture requires optoelectric conversion at each layer and is unable to leverage the superiority of light. We propose a novel photonic spiking neuron with a magneto-optical synapse and an all-optical spiking neural network. This study experimentally demonstrates that the magnetization reversal of CoFeB, which occurs during thermal accumulation owing to multiple optical pulses, is similar to the behavior of the leaky integrated and fire model of spiking neurons.
RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM INFORMASI PENGENDALIAN STOK TEPUNG PATI TAPIOKA BERBASIS WEB PADA PT. BERSAMA OLAH BOGA
Authors: Royani Ahmad , Handayani Popon 
Published: June 2024

Persediaan merupakan investasi perusahaan yang berguna untuk kelancaran proses produksi. PT. Bersama Olah Boga merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang industri manufaktur yang memproduksi saus sambal dengan berbagai macam merek. Proses produksi dilakukan setiap hari untuk memenuhi permintaan konsumen, terdapat banyak bahan baku yang digunakan dalam proses pembuatan saus sambal tersebut. Saat ini manajemen persediaan bahan baku tepung pati tapioka sangat besar dengan tempat penyimpanan yang terpisah dan berjauhan. Sehingga dibutuhkan sistem khusus untuk pengendaliaan stok tepung pati tapioka. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan sulitnya pengelolaan data bahan baku tersebut sehingga sangat sulit untuk melakukan pendataan barang. Oleh karena itu dengan adanya permasalahan tersebut maka diperlukan suatu aplikasi khusus untuk pengelolaan data stok tepung pati tapioka yang bertujuan untuk mempermudah dalam proses pendataan, penyimpanan dan laporan stok barang. Teknik yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data adalah observasi, wawancara dan studi pustaka. Sedangkan untuk metode pengembangan perangkat lunak yang digunakan adalah metode waterfall serta bahasa pemrograman yang digunakan dalam pembuatan website yaitu PHP, HTML, CSS dan Framework Codeigniter 3. Serta untuk basis datanya menggunakan MySQL. Hasil yang diharapkan dalam sistem pengendalian stok tepung pati tapioka berbasis web ini dapat menjadi solusi untuk mengatasi masalah yang dihadapi.