bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bovine lymphocyte antigens: serological relationships with erythrocyte and spermatozoan antigens
Authors: Folger R. L. , Hines H. C. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryBovine lymphocytotoxicity tests with 20 unabsorbed bovine blood group sera revealed extensive reactivity which in the majority of cases had no indication of blood group relationship. Six of these sera were absorbed with selected lymphocytes to produce eleven antisera of reduced specificity. Again, most of the sera had reaction patterns which could not be related to the hemolytic patterns of any known blood group antibodies. However, five comparisons involving unabsorbed antisera and two comparisons involving absorbed antisera provided statistical evidence of similarities between their lymphocytotoxic reaction patterns and the hemolytic reaction patterns of certain blood group antibodies. Several of the sera appeared to contain related cytotoxic specificities, and three such absorbed sera may have contained an anti‐J specificity. All six examined monospecific isoimmune blood group antisera contained lymphocytic reactivities not related to their hemolytic specificites. Two normal sera containing naturally occurring anti‐J had no cytotoxic activity. Anti‐semen sera likewise were devoid of lymphocytotoxic activity.
The contribution of isozymes to alkaline phosphatase activity in chicken plasma
Authors: Tamaki Yoshinori , Abe Takeo , Watanabe Shozo 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe contribution of different isozymes t o plasma alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity was investigated in a White PIymouth Rock strain. No significant difference in AP activity between FF and FS genotypes was observed in both young chick and laying hen. As previously reported in young chickens, a significant difference in AP activity between F and S types was observed in laying hens. Of the total variance of AP activity 53 %, 9 % and 5 7; were explained by isozyme type, family and sex, respectively. The higher activity of the F band was responsible for the higher activity of the F type in the young chicken, while the activity of the B band of either type did not contribute t o activity difference. The hypotheses are proposed so as to the activity difference.
Biochemical gene markers in the gerbil Tatera brantsii from Lesotho
Authors: Maurer F. W. , Hof J. Op ‘t , Osterhoff D. R. 
Published: August 2010

SummarySeveral geographically separated populations of the gerbil Tatera brantsii were investigated with protein and enzyme gene markers. Genetic variation was found in the following systems: serum albumin, 6‐PGD, haernoglobin, esterase, IDA and GPI. No variation was found in the SDH and LDH systems. There appeared to be only slight differences in gene frequencies between populations. No real seasonal variation in any of the frequencies could be established.
Observations on blood plasma postalbumins and hatchability of chickens
Authors: Kuryl Jolanta , Gasparska Jolanta 
Published: August 2010

SummaryIn chicken blood plasma two bands have been observed in the region of postalbumins. The genetically determined faster migrating band PasA was present in the blood plasma of all tested males and in the plasma of a majority of the females. The slower migrating band (PasB) was only observed in the blood plasma of laying females and never in the blood plasma of males and non‐laying females. The genotype of individuals of which the faster migrating band was present was determined as A A and AQ and of those lacking this postalbumin as aa. An excess of females over males was found from mating of ♂Aa×♀Aa and ♂Aa×♀aa. At the same time the percentage of hatched eggs was lowered respectively.
Polymorphism and heterogeneity of transferrins in some species of the fish family Cyprinidae
Authors: Valenta M. , Stratil A. , Kálal L. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryIn fish of the family Cyprinidae extensive polymorphism and heterogeneity of serum transferrins were found. Ten variants of transferrins were detected in barbel, 9 in dace and bleak, 7 in chub and bream, 6 in rudd, 5 in roach, white bream, silver carp, big head and crucian carp, 3 in tench, and 2 variants in nase, ide and goldfish. All the variants observed bound radioactive iron. The phenotype patterns indicated a simple genetic determination, by a set of codominant alleles at one locus, and this even in tetraploid species. Transferrins of some species were partly isolated. The transferrins of all 22 species analysed were heterogeneous and homozygous pheno‐types had 1 to 6 zones of various intensities, binding 59Fe. In barbel both single‐zone and two‐zone variants were present and transferrins of roach had variable heterogeneity. Sialic acid was found only in transferrins of silver carp, big head and in the two‐zone variants of barbel. The occurrence of phenotypes with single and double zones of transferrins in barbel indicates the possibility of genetic determination of the inability of single‐zone variants to bind sialic acid.
Electrophoretic patterns of aspartate aminotransferase in the loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus
Authors: Kimura Masao 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus is a fresh‐water teleost and is known to be widely distributed through Japan, Formosa, Korea and into eastern Asia. The author has reported electrophoretic variation in five different proteins in the loach (Kimura, 1976a, b, c). This note describes a sixth example, electrophoretic variation of aspartate aminotransferase (AAT; EC 2.6.1.1.).
Albumin polymorphism in the feral donkey of Death Valley National Monument, California
Authors: Blake John G. , Douglas Charles L. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryEvidence is presented for the occurrence of a second allele in the albumin system of the donkey (Equus asinus). Samples were collected from 127 feral donkeys in four locations within the Panamint Mountains of Death Valley National Monument, California. A common phenotype, electrophoretically characterized by a single band, was recorded from all four locations. A rare, double‐band phenotype was recorded from two locations.
Polymorphic post‐albumin of cattle and horse plasma identified as vitamin D binding protein (Gc protein)
Authors: Gahne Bo , Juneja R. Kumar 
Published: August 2010

SummaryCattle and horse plasma samples of known post‐albumin types were radiolabelled with 14C‐vitamin D3. These samples were then analysed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, followed by autoradiography. The patterns observed were identical to those of post‐albumin variants. The polymorphic post‐albumin protein of cattle and horse was thus identified as the vitamin D binding protein and homologous to the Gc protein of human plasma.
Polymorphism of vitamin B12 [57Col binding proteins in rabbit serum
Authors: Masina P. , Ramunno L. , Iannelli D. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryWhen rabbit serum labelled with vitamin B12[57Co] was subjected to starch gel electrophoresis and au;oradiography, three phenotypes of proteins capable of binding vitamin B12 were observed. Family data revealed that these phenotypes (called TC‐A, TC‐AB and TC‐B) are controlied by two codominant alleles (TCA and TCB), at an autosomic locus.Proteins capable of binding vitamin B12 both in vivo and in vitro are commonly referred to as Transcobalamins and can be found in the serum of numerous animal species (for a review, see Glass, 1974; Allen, 1975; Stenman, 1975). Furthermore, Daiger et al. (1975a) have described seven different patterns of vitamin B12 binding proteins which occur in human plasma and which are presumably controlled by four alleles. The present paper describes experiments in which both starch gel electrophoresis and autoradiography are used to identify three phenotypes of rabbit serum proteins responsible for binding vitamin B12 in vitro. It was found that these three phenotypes are controlled by two allelic codominant genes, at an autosomic locus.Individual serum samples (30 μl), obtained from 385 White New Zealand rabbits varying in age from one month to three years, were incubated with 0.1 ng of vitamin B12[57Co] (specific activity: 180 μCi/μg; Lot 247; Radiochemical Centre, Amersham, England) at 37°C for 30 minutes. Starch gel electrophoresis and autoradiography were performed as described by Geldermann (1970) and Daiger et al. (1975b), respectively. Electrofocusing (pH range 3.5–9.5) was conducted in the 2117 Multiphor apparatus (LKB, Bromma, Sweden) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The resulting pH gradient was measured with a surface pH electrode (Ingold, Zürich, Switzerland).
Genetic variation of some aldehyde‐oxidizing enzymes in the mouse
Authors: Lush Ian E. 
Published: August 2010

Summary

Twenty‐six strains of mice were surveyed by starch gel electrophoresis for genetic variation of four liver enzymes; aldehyde dehydrogenase, aldehyde oxidase, xanthine oxidase and formaldehyde dehydrogenase.
A variant of aldehyde dehydrogenase was found in strains ICFW, IS/Cam, NZB, NZW, Simpson and Schneider. A variant of aldehyde oxidase was found in CE. A possible variant of xanthine oxidase was found in SF/Cam.
The gene determining the electrophoretic variant of aldehyde oxidase is either the same as, or very closely linked to, the Aox gene which determines aldehyde oxidase activity.
Water buffalo (Bubalus bubalus Arnee) allotypes: Identification of a multiple allelic system
Authors: Iannelli Domenico 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThis paper describes two allotypes of water buffaIo controlled by two codominant allelic genes. The third allele is a null allele and behaves as a recessive one. The two detectable serum antigens are termed A1 and A2 aild the third one (as yet undetectable) A0. The A1 antigen was recovered in the third peak and A2 antigen in the first peak following gel filtration through Sephadex G‐200. The A1 antigen is common to water buffalo and cattle; the frequency of the corresponding gene (A1) was the same in both species.
Equine markers genes. Polymorphism for group‐specific component (Gc)
Authors: Weitkamp Lowell R. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryPolymorphism of equine Gc protein was demonstrated by immunofixation electrophoresis with a goat anti‐human Gc antibody. Three different phenotypes, F, FS and S, were found. Family data supported the genetic theory of two autosomal co‐dominant alleles, GcF and GcS. Both alleles occurred in Standardbred, Thoroughbred and Arabian horses and in Shetland ponies. A frequency of 0.23 for GcS in the American Standardbred horse indicates the system should be useful for problems of identification and parentage.
The hemopexin locus: Its assignment to Linkage Group I in the laboratory rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and evidence for a fourth allele*
Authors: Hagen K. L. , Suzuki Y. , Tissot R. , Cohen C. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe hemopexin locus phenotypes were determined for 450 animals with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and the presence of a fourth allele at this locus was revealed. Of the 19 mating types segregating at this locus, 17 demonstrated segregation ratios consistent with the hypothesis of a four allele, codominant, autosomal system. Studies of three of our largest inbreeding lines indicated that fixation at this locus has occurred in two of them. Linkage studies showed that the Hx locus is located between the color locus, c, and the Hq blood group locus; therefore it is assigned to Linkage Group I of the rabbit.
The null allele in the horse esterase (Es) system detected by enzyme assay and rocket immunoelectrophoresis in heterozygous animals
Authors: Kaminski Marie 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe detection of the recessive null allele of horse serum esterase (Es) is possible in heterozygotes Es +/EsO which by starch gel electrophoresis appear like homo‐zygotes Es +/Es +.Two methods are proposed, the titration of enzymatic activity of esterase and the immunochemical titration of esterase as antigen. These methods can be applied to solve the cases of suspect parentage or in population studies.
Immunogenetic studies of rhesus monkeys. 6. Absence of the human Xga blood group on rhesus erythrocytes1
Authors: Stone W. H. , Sullivan P. T. , Blystad C. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryIt was not possible to demonstrate Xga on the erythrocytes of any of 140 rhesus monkeys of both sexes tested with human antiserum rendered specific for Xga by absorption.
The production and analysis of antilymphocyte sera following pregnancy and skin grafting of cattle
Authors: Spooner R. L. , Millar P. , Oliver R. A. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThis paper presents evidence to show that high titre antilymphocyte sera can be prepared more easily by skin grafting than from parous sera. It also shows that it is possible to analyse complex antilymphocyte sera by absorption with lymphocytes to produce working reagents.Following the 1st International BoLA Workshop the genotype of some of the animals used for skin grafting was ascertained and it was found that in each case where the resulting serum had been studied the main antiserum specificity that had been produced reacted with one of the BoLA specificities present in the skin donor.
‘Recessive’ species‐specific antigens in doves and pigeons
Authors: Miller Wilmer J. , Fisher Monica M. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryEvidence is presented that recessive species‐specific antigens are present in pigeons and doves as determined by antiserum absorptions with cells of the opposing parental and Fi birds. This confirms and extends earlier observations by M. R. Irwin and L. J. Cole and adds another species. A simple model is presented postulating a relationship between genes, enzymes, and ‘dominant and recessive’ antigens.
An investigation of seven enzymes as possible genetic markers in horse leucocytes
Authors: Putt W. , Fisher R. A. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryIn this paper we describe seven enzymes, NP, GOTM, PGM2, αFUC, PEP A, ADA and MPI which are found in the white cells of horses, including 39 British crossbred ponies and 16 crossbred horses, 30 Mongolian ponies and 10 Icelandic ponies. Two of these enzymes ‐ αFUC and MPI ‐ were polymorphic in all the populations of horses studied and could prove useful as additional markers in the paternity testing of horses. PEP A and GOTM were also polymorphic in two of the populations studied and could be used as further markers in these populations.
The genetic map of the B system of cattle blood groups as observed in French breeds
Authors: Grosclaude F. , Guérin G. , Houlier G. 
Published: August 2010

Summary40 cases of irregular inheritance of phenogroups in the B system of cattle blood groups, that were presumed to have arisen from single crossing‐over, have been used to establish a partial genetic map of this system. In addition, the relative positions in the map of several antigenic factors were inferred from relationships observed between particular phenogroups occurring in French breeds.The tentative map thus obtained shows an overall similarity to that established by Ruiterkamp et al. (1977) in Dutch Friesian cattle. This result, in addition to other arguments, supports the hypothesis that the genetic structure of the B system of cattle blood groups is basically the same in all taurine breeds.Evidence is given, for the first time, for the occurrence in the B system of genetic events other than single crossing‐over (double crossing‐over or gene conversion, and possibly deletion).The rate of recombination between the genetic determinants of the terminal factors of the system, Q and I', was calculated in the progeny of some Normande bulls heterozygous for these two determinants (447 gametes); a value of 1.34 centimor‐gan1 was obtained. However complementary data indicate that 0.7 centimorgan would be a better estimate.
Canine blood groups. 1. Description of new erythrocyte specificities
Authors: Colling Dave T. , Saison Ruth 
Published: August 2010

SummaryMethods of production and characterization of immune typing reagents reactive with the erythrocytes of the dog are described. Five of the reagents (agglutinins) were reactive with previously unknown blood group factors and were shown by statistical and genetic tests on 222 random samples and 28 families to belong to 5 previously unrecognized blood group systems. The five new systems were one‐blood factor, two‐allele, three‐genotype systems like the B, C, D and F systems. These were arbitrarily named J, K, L, M‐and N.
Canine blood groups. 2. Description of a new allele in the Tr blood group system
Authors: Colling Dave T. , Saison Ruth 
Published: August 2010

SummaryA previously unrecognized canine red cell antigen, tentatively named O, was found after absorption analysis of an alloimmune antiserum and absorption of several immune or naturally occurring cross‐reacting heteroantibodies from man, cattle and swine. The serological results and genetic analysis of a limited number of complete dog families indicated that the new factor probably belongs to the Tr blood group system. No individual possessed both factors Tr and O, and a large proportion of animals was negative for both factors. The serological pattern for the new Tr system obtained was consistent with similar systems observed in sheep (A‐O), pig (R‐O) and man (Bombay) in which the gene for one factor was dominant over and masked the gene for the second factor in the system. The negative phenotype was accounted for by the actions of an epistatic gene.
Red cell blood groups of East African Zebu cattle*
Authors: Fiorentini A. , Braend M. , Mzee R. M. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryA total of 146 East African Zebu, 41 Zebu‐Hereford crosses and 24 Ayrshire‐Norwegian Red Cattle crosses have been investigated with cattle red cell reagents characterizing blood factors in eleven systems. With a battery of 36 selected reagents the average number of blood factors in Zebu was 20.1 which differs significantly from the average of 12.5 in the Ayrshire crosses. Factor frequencies for the A, C and S systems and gene frequencies for the F, L, M, Z, R' and T' systems are presented. The B system factors in four Zebu bulls could be grouped into eight different phenogroups by utilizing the blood types of dam‐offspring pairs.
Two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis of sheep plasma proteins: Genetic polymorphism of anai‐protease inhibitor and a post‐transferrin
Authors: Juneja R. Kumar , Gahne Bo 
Published: August 2010

SummaryTwo‐dimensional electrophoretic analysis of sheep plasma proteins was performed by a first‐dimension separation in agarose gel (pH 5.0) followed by a second‐dimension one in horizontal polyacrylamide gel (pH 9.0). This method resulted in improved and reproducible separation of many α‐ and β‐globulins. Two groups of α1‐globulins, designated Pi‐1 and Pi‐2, were found to be protease inhibitors. These two inhibitors differed from each other in protease inhibitory spectra. Genetic polymorphism was observed for the Pi‐2 protein and another unidentified protein, tentatively designated as post‐transferrin (Ptf). Family data supported the hypothesis that Pi‐2 and Ptf types were controlled by codominant, autosomal alleles. Three Pi‐2 alleles and two Ptf alleles were observed in one population of the Gotland breed of sheep. The analysis of data from 50 informative matings showed no evidence of genetic linkage between the Pi‐2, Ptf and transferrin (Tf) loci in the population of sheep studied.
Close linkage between the C blood group locus and the locus controlling amino acid transport in sheep erythrocytes
Authors: Tucker E. M. , Evans N. R. S. , Kilgour L. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryData from 838 Finnish Landrace or Finnish Landrace crossbred sheep showed a highly significant correlation between phenotypes of the C blood group system and erythrocyte amino acid transport variants. Erythrocytes with normal amino acid transport properties (GSH high, Ly‐ type) were Cb‐positive or Cb‐negative. Erythrocytes with the amino acid transport lesion (GSH low, Ly +) were never Cb‐negative. Sheep erythrocytes homozygous for Cbshowed stronger lysis reactions with anti‐Cb than heterozygous cells. Ly + sheep were nearly always homozygous forCb,whereas most Ly‐ sheep were heterozygous or Cb‐negative. Inheritance studies provided strong evidence that this association is due to close genetic linkage.
Frequencies of the alleles that determine the relative amounts of haemoglobins A and B in domestic cats
Authors: Wells K. , Spencer N. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe relative amounts of haemoglobins A and B have been determined in erythrocytes from 106 unselected domestic cats. Animals were assigned to three haemoglobin phenotypes and allele frequencies obtained by counting: these were similar to those obtained in an earlier family study.
Protein variation in the Atlantic mackerel Scomber scombrus
Authors: Smith P. J. , Jamieson A. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryTwenty enzymes and three non‐enzymatic proteins were examined by electrophoresis in samples of the Atlantic mackerel Scomber scombrus. The observed phenotypes were attributed to genes at thirty‐nine loci. Seven loci were variable giving a mean heterozygosity of 0.049 ± 0.033. Heterozygosity estimates for marine teleosts are discused.
Protein polymorphism in quail populations selected for large body size
Authors: Maeda Y. , Washburn K. W. , Marks H. L. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe polymorphism of five enzyme loci (amylase, alkaline phosphatase, albumin, for 4‐week body weight was compared to that of the unselected control line (C). for 4 week body weight was compared to that of the unselected control line (C). Three loci in the C line and two in the P line demonstrated polymorphism. Plasma amylase was separated into six bands and zymograms were classified on the basis of these bands into nine phenotypes. Three of the nine types were of relatively high activity and six were of relatively low activity. All nine types were found in the C line, whereas, all birds of the P line had only the most active type. Two alkaline phosphatase alleles (Akp‐2B and Akp‐2C) were segregating in the C line. Gene frequencies of alkaline phosphatase for the Akp‐2B allele were 0.92 in the C line and 1.00 in the P line. Two albumin alleles (AlbQ1 and AlbQ2) were segregating in both populations. Gene frequencies for the AlbQ1 allele were 0.74 in the C line and 0.81 in the P line. Two red cell esterase‐D alleles (Es‐DF and Es‐Ds) were segregating in both populations. The gene frequency for the Es‐Ds allele (0.61) was higher than that of the Es‐DF allele in the C line. In the P line the frequency of the Es‐DF allele was higher than that of the Es‐Ds allele. Heterozygosities of the C and P lines were estimated as 0.2258 and 0.1560 respectively. The relative inbreeding coefficient of the P line, calculated from heterozygosities was 0.31.
Prolein polymorphism in a randombred chicken population
Authors: Washburn K. W. , Maeda Y. , Lanza G. M. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryPolymorphism in plasma amylase, plasma alkaline phosphatase, non‐specific esterase and red cell esterase‐D of the Athens‐Canadian randombred (ACRB) population of chickens was determined by polyacrylamide and starch gel electrophoresis. Amylase alleles Amy‐1A and Amy‐1B were segregating in the ACRB population with frequencies of 0.45 and 0.55 respectively. For the plasma alkaline phosphatase the F and S bands, the B band and a new isozyme migrating at a faster rate than the previously reported F band were detected. A genetic nomenclature for plasma alkaline phosphatase is suggested which considers the difference between the F and S bands as the presence or absence of sialic acid attached to a primary protein.Plasma esterase activity was observed in all four of the regions previously reported, but there was no polymorphism found in any of the loci. All birds in this population showed the same red‐cell esterase‐D phenotype which consisted of a main band with sub‐bands on each side.