bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative computed tomography is unreliable for measurement of bone mineral density in inadequately chelated adolescent patients with β‐thalassemia major: A case–control study
Authors: Bansal Deepak , Venkateshwaran S. , Khandelwal N. , Marwaha R.K. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackgroundUtility of quantitative computed tomography (QCT) for assessment of bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with thalassemia is not fully established. Majority of patients with thalassemia in India receive suboptimal iron chelation. There is paucity of data on BMD in this population. Aim was to assess BMD by lumbar QCT in adolescent patients with transfusion dependent β‐thalassemia major and compare with controls.ProcedureStudy was conducted prospectively, over 15 months. Single energy QCT was performed through first three lumbar vertebrae.ResultsForty‐five patients were enrolled (age: 10–19 years). Thirty‐eight normal siblings of patients with thalassemia patients served as controls. Forty percent patients weighed <3rd percentile, 64% were stunted, and 40% had suboptimal sexual maturity scores. Eighteen (40%) patients were on iron chelation with deferiprone. Mean serum ferritin was 2,800 ± 1,473 ng/ml. Mean BMD (mg/cu mm) of cases and controls was 194.5 ± 27.1 and 170.4 ± 28.84, respectively (P = 0.0002). The mean BMD of patients with ferritin <2,000 ng/ml and those with a higher ferritin was 181.2 ± 14.9 and 196.7 ± 25, respectively (P = 0.07). The finding of increased BMD in patients with thalassemia is in stark contrast to published reports. Patients had several risk factors for low BMD, including growth retardation, delayed puberty, and iron overload.ConclusionSingle energy QCT of lumbar vertebrae is not reliable for measurement of BMD in inadequately chelated patients with β‐thalassemia major. The deposition of iron in bone tissue may result in increased X‐ray attenuation values of trabecular bone. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56:409–412. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Confounders and intermediaries in case–control study designs: a strategy for distinguishing between the two when measured using the same variable
Authors: Gruneir Andrea , Marras Connie , Fischer Hadas , Wang Xuesong , Gill Sudeep , Rochon Paula A. , Anderson Geoffrey M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractPurposeAn intermediary falls within the exposure–outcome pathway and is distinct from a confounder. In case–control studies, it may be difficult to discern between the two when both are measured by the same variable. Using data from a study on the effects of antipsychotic initiation on risk of death among older adults, where hospital use is both a confounder and intermediary, we illustrate the bias introduced when this distinction is overlooked and propose a modified exposure classification strategy to mitigate this.MethodsWe identified 5391 cases and 25 937 controls. Three analyses were completed: traditional analytic adjustment including hospital use (full), traditional analytic adjustment excluding hospital use (reduced) and exposure classification incorporating hospital use prior to antipsychotic initiation (extended).ResultsThe unadjusted odds ratio (OR) was 2.8 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.1–3.8). Full and reduced analytic adjustment resulted in ORs of 0.8 (95% CI 0.6–1.2) and 1.4 (95% CI 1.0–1.9), respectively. The extended exposure classification strategy produced an OR of 1.4 (95% CI 0.9–2.1) among those without hospital use prior to antipsychotic initiation.ConclusionsFull analytic adjustment resulted in a biased estimate of effect. The extended exposure analysis differentiated between hospital use that occurred prior (confounder) and subsequent (intermediary) to antipsychotic initiation. This strategy may overcome the limitations of analytic adjustment alone. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Opportunistic behaviors in franchise chains: the role of cohesion among franchisees
Authors: El Akremi Assâad , Mignonac Karim , Perrigot Rozenn 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis paper explores social processes between franchisees as a way to control franchisee opportunism. Based on the literature of socio‐psychological and interorganizational relationships, we argue that cohesion among franchisees is negatively associated with opportunistic behaviors that are potentially harmful to the whole chain. We use multilevel and multisource data to show that perceptions of cohesion among franchisees relate both to a) how franchisees apply know‐how from franchisors (i.e., deviation from chains standards), and b) whether they transfer or withhold information that could be useful to the franchise system (i.e., information withholding). Our results underscore the importance of relationships among franchisees, an underexplored component of franchising. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Inert Gas Flow Rate on Homogenization and Inclusion Removal in a Gas Stirred Ladle
Authors: Ek M. , Wu L. , Valentin P. , Sichen D. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn the present study, the effect of gas flow rate on homogenization and inclusion removal in a gas stirred ladle was investigated. Both industrial trials and cold model experiments were conducted. CFD calculation was also carried out as an auxiliary tool. The mixing times predicted by CFD simulation agreed well with both the model experiments and industrial data. 99% mixing could be achieved in about 2–3 minutes. The increase of flow rate of inert gas would not improve the mixing substantially, while the mixing time decreased somewhat with the increase of gas flow rate. The water model study showed also that the gas flow rate had a negligible effect on the rate of inclusion removal. Both the experiments and CFD calculation strongly suggested that a low gas flow rate should be applied in the ladle treatment.
Modelling of Microstructure and Flow Stress Evolution during Hot Forging
Authors: Mukherjee M. , Prahl U. , Bleck W. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA phenomena based description of the microstructure and flow stress evolution of metals subjected to hot working is presented. The change in dislocation density with time was determined from the dislocation generation and recovery rates. Dynamic recrystallization was assumed to initiate when the dislocation density became greater than a critical value. The flow stress was calculated as a function of the overall dislocation density of the deformed and the recrystallized grains. To validate the model a set of single hit hot compression tests were carried out on two different AFP (Ausscheidungshärtende Ferritisch‐Perlitische or precipitation hardened ferritic‐pearlitic) steels at different strain rate and temperature combinations. The agreement between the calculated and experimental flow curves is quite encouraging.
Galvannealing of (High‐)Manganese‐Alloyed TRIP‐ and X‐IP®‐Steel
Authors: Blumenau M. , Norden M. , Friedel F. , Peters K. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn this study the influence of Mn on galvannealed coatings of 1.7% Mn‐1.5% Al TRIP‐ and 23% Mn X‐IP®‐steels was investigated. It is shown that the external selective oxides like Mn, Al and Si of the TRIP steel which occur after annealing at 800 °C for 60 s at a dew point (DP) of ‐25 °C (5% H2) hamper the Fe/Zn‐reaction during subsequent galvannealing. Preoxidation was beneficially utilized to increase the surface‐reactivity of the TRIP steel under the same dew point conditions. The influence of Mn on the steel alloy was investigated by using a 23% Mn containing X‐IP®‐steel which was bright annealed at 1100 °C for 60 s at DP ‐50 °C (5% H2) to obtain a mainly oxide free surface prior to hot dip galvanizing (hdg) and subsequent galvannealing. As well known from the literature Mn alloyed to the liquid zinc melt stabilizes δ‐phase at lower temperatures by participating in the Fe‐Zn‐phase reactions, it was expected that the metallic Mn of the X‐IP®‐steel increases the Fe/Zn‐reactivity in the same manner. The approximation of the effective diffusion coefficient (Deff(Fe)) during galvannealing was found to be higher than compared to a low alloyed steel reference. Contrary to the expectation no increased Fe/Zn‐reaction was found by microscopic investigations. Residual η‐ and ζ‐phase fractions prove a hampered Fe/Zn‐reaction. As explanation for the observed hampered Fe/Zn‐reaction the lower Fe‐content of the high‐Mn‐alloyed X‐IP®‐steel was suggested as the dominating factor for galvannealing.
Neubau der Rethebrücke, Hamburg
Authors: Borowski Michael , Kapusta Jörg 
Published: December 2010

AbstractMit dem Neubau der Rethebrücke, die eine Spannweite von 104,2 m aufweist, entsteht im Hamburger Hafen eine von Europas größten Doppelklappbrücken für den Straßenverkehr und die größte Doppelklappbrücke Europas für den Bahnverkehr. Getrennte Querschnitte ermöglichen eine wirtschaftliche Dimensionierung der Brücken entsprechend der unterschiedlichen Belastungen aus Bahn‐ und Straßenverkehr. Die Ausmaße der Klappen resultieren in ebenso mächtigen Klappenpfeilern, welche mit einer Tiefe im Baugrund von 21,7 m im Tidebereich der Elbe besondere Verankerungsmaßnahmen erfordern.Das Tragwerk der Brücke wird je Brückenseite aus vier sich zur Brückenmitte hin verjüngenden Fachwerkträgern gebildet. Im geschlossenen Zustand der Brücke ermöglicht eine spezielle Fingerkonstruktion in Brückenmitte, die ohne eine mechanische Verriegelung auskommt, die Übertragung positiver Momente.The new Rethebridge, Hamburg, Germany. With the erecting of the Rethebridge, which has a span of 104.2 m, the port of Hamburg gets one of Europe's largest road bridges and Europe's largest railway bridge with two movable spans (bascule bridge). The superstructure is divided in two parts, one for railway and one for road traffic, thus allowing an economic construction for the different loads. The size of the movable spans results in huge piers (21.7 m deep in ground) standing in Elbe's tidal area needing special anchorage measurements.The bridge's structure is composed of four truss girders, every bridge side, tapering to the middle of the bridge. At closed position, a special finger construction in the middle of the bridge allows the transfer of positive moments without any mechanical locking system.
Geschweißte Knotenverbindungen aus Hohlprofilen
Authors: Bach Kirstin , Whitfield Steve , Morris Christopher 
Published: December 2010

AbstractDie Tragfähigkeit von geschweißten Hohlprofilknoten wird bestimmt durch die Abmessungen der Stäbe, die Stahlgüte und die Knotengeometrie (Winkel, Größenverhältnisse usw.). Da alle diese Faktoren schon in den ersten Entwürfen festgelegt werden, ist damit auch bereits die Tragfähigkeit des Knotens vorgegeben. Sehr häufig wird es dann leider der Stahlbaufirma überlassen, die geschweißten Knoten zu planen und die Belastbarkeit zu überprüfen. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt kann es für eine Änderung der Abmessungen, der Stahlsorte oder der Geometrie aber schon zu spät sein.Um eine technisch sichere, wirtschaftliche und architektonisch ansprechende Konstruktion zu erhalten, muss sich der Planer schon im frühen Entwurfsstadium Gedanken über die Knotentragfähigkeit sowie über die Herstellung und die Montage der Konstruktion auf der Baustelle machen.Der Schlüssel zum erfolgreichen Entwurf von Hohlprofilkonstruktionen ist, das Knotenverhalten von Anfang an zu berücksichtigen. Dieser Artikel möchte deshalb einen Überblick über einige einfache und schnelle Methoden zur Überprüfung der Knotentragfähigkeit geben. Wenn diese Regeln angewendet werden, können die Planer spätere zeitraubende, teure und optisch nicht ansprechende Schwierigkeiten vermeiden.
Seismic performance of l‐shaped rc shear wall subjected to cyclic loading
Authors: Li Wei , Li Qing‐ning 
Published: December 2010

SUMMARYShear wall systems are one of the most commonly used lateral‐load resisting systems in high‐rise buildings. The height–thickness ratio of traditional RC shear wall is more than 8. In order to study the seismic performance of a new type of shear wall structure (short‐limb shear wall structure) with height–thickness ratio of 5–8, L‐shaped cross‐section. A total of six shear wall specimens with 1/2‐scaled model were tested under the cyclic loading. The test parameters included: six specimens were loaded in the web plane; axial–load ratio and height‐thickness ratio were in the range of 0.1–0.4 and 5–8, respectively. The failure process, failure mode and deformation properties were studied. The test results are shown that: L‐shaped RC shear wall with a better deformation than the traditional shear wall, when the axial‐load ratio and height‐thickness ratio are within a certain range, the seismic performance will be able to play to the best. Specimens of the axial‐load ratio of 0.1, height‐thickness ratio of 6.5, they have the most excellent ductility and energy dissipation capacity. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Living‐donor Liver Transplantation for Progressive Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasis
Authors: Hori Tomohide , Egawa Hiroto , Miyagawa‐Hayashino Aya , Yorifuji Tohru , Yonekawa Yukihide , Nguyen Justin H. , Uemoto Shinji 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackgroundProgressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) results in liver cirrhosis during the disease course, although the etiology includes unknown mechanisms. Some PFIC patients require liver transplantation (LT).MethodsIn this study, 11 patients with PFIC type 1 (PFIC1) and 3 patients with PFIC type 2 (PFIC2) who underwent living‐donor LT (LDLT) were evaluated.ResultsDigestive symptoms after LDLT were confirmed in 10 PFIC1 recipients (90.9%); 8 PFIC1 recipients showed steatosis after LDLT (72.7%), which began during the early postoperative period (71.5 ± 55.1 days). Seven of the eight steatosis‐positive PFIC1 recipients (87.5%) showed a steatosis degree of ≥80%, which was complicated with steatohepatitis and resulted in fibrosis. Cirrhotic findings persisted in six PFIC1 recipients even after LDLT (54.5%), and three PFIC1 recipients finally died. The survival rates of the PFIC1 recipients at 5, 10, and 15 years were 90.9%, 72.7%, and 54.5%, respectively. In contrast, the PFIC2 recipients showed good courses and outcomes without any steatosis after LDLT.ConclusionsThe clinical courses and outcomes after LDLT are still not sufficient in PFIC1 recipients owing to steatosis/steatohepatitis and subsequent fibrosis, in contrast to PFIC2 recipients. PFIC2 is good indication for LDLT. PFIC1 patients require LT during the disease course; therefore, we suggest that the therapeutic strategies for PFIC1 patients, including the timing of LDLT, under the donor limitation should be reconsidered. The establishment of more advanced treatments for PFIC1 patients is required to improve the long‐term prognosis of these patients.
Effect of perinatal stress on the biogenic amine neurotransmitter level of the adult rat's brain
Authors: Tekes Kornélia , Szegi P. , Laufer R. , Hantos M. , Csaba G. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe amount of biogenic amines (dopamine and serotonin) and their metabolites (DOPAC, HVA, 5‐HIAA, and 5‐HTOL) in five regions of the brain (frontal cortex, hypothalamus, hippocampus, striatum, and brainstem) was studied in the male and female offspring of control and perinatally (48 h before birth or 48 h after birth) food and water deprived dams, when they were three months old, by using HPLC–EC determination. The increase of amine or metabolite level was dominant (19 values increased and 10 decreased related to control). Before‐birth stress caused increase in 9 case and only 2 decreased, while in the case of after‐birth stress 10 increased and 8 decreased. However, though there is no possibility to decide an exact tendency of direction, the after‐birth stress (transmitted by milk) has more expressed effect. Striatum and brainstem were the most touched regions. There was a gender dependence with the dominance of males, except striatum. Blood plasma nociceptin level was also studied and there was a significant elevation in males after pre‐ and postnatal deprivation, while in females only after postnatal deprivation. The importance of the results in correlation with other stress effects is discussed.
Oral misoprostol as an alternative to surgical management for incomplete abortion in Ghana
Authors: Taylor Joseph , Diop Ayisha , Blum Jennifer , Dolo Obed , Winikoff Beverly 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether 600‐μg oral misoprostol is an effective alternative to manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) for the treatment of incomplete abortion.MethodsFrom June 16, 2004, to July 20, 2005, 230 women of reproductive age presenting with incomplete abortion were randomized in an open‐label trial to either 600‐μg oral misoprostol or MVA for the treatment of incomplete abortion.ResultsRegardless of the assigned method, more than 98% of participants experienced complete uterine evacuation following initial treatment. Efficacy, acceptability, and satisfaction ratings were similar and high for both methods.Conclusion600‐μg oral misoprostol is a safe, effective, and acceptable alternative to MVA for the treatment of incomplete abortion.
The El Dorado of Forestry: The Eucalyptus in India, South Africa, and Thailand, 1850–2000
Authors: Bennett Brett M. 
Published: December 2010

SummaryThis article argues that because of the perceived and real biological characteristics of the different species of the genusEucalyptus, imperialists and settlers, and later governments and the elites of developing nations, planted eucalypts widely and created new socio-ecological systems that encouraged and reinforced divergent patterns of economic, social, and ecological development. Planting eucalypts changed local ecologies and encouraged a movement towards market-based capitalism that benefited settlers, large landowners, urban elites and middle classes, and capital-intensive industries at the expense of indigenous groups living in and near forests. This article analyses the globalization of eucalypts in four broad phases: first, an enthusiastic expansion and planting from 1850–1900; secondly, failure in the tropics from 1850–1960; thirdly, increased planting and success rates in the tropics from 1960–2000, and fourthly, a growing criticism of eucalypts that began in the late nineteenth century and blossomed in the 1980s during an intense period of planting in India and Thailand.
Environmental Change and Globalization in Seventeenth-Century France: Dutch Traders and the Draining of French Wetlands (Arles, Petit Poitou)
Authors: Morera Raphaël 
Published: December 2010

SummaryBetween 1599 and the end of the 1650s, the French Crown sustained a policy of land reclamation at a large scale. It was led by the French aristocracy who were helped by representatives of the merchant elites of Amsterdam, such as Hieronimus van Uffelen and Jean Hoeufft. The works in both Arles (Provence) and Petit Poitou (Poitou) show that land reclamation involved a radical change in society, reinforced the authority of the Crown in the areas concerned, and disrupted the former social balances built around the marshes. Thus, land reclamation aroused several conflicts which revealed its deep impact on the environment. So, this article demonstrates how the making of the modern state, backed by the development of European trade and banking, caused ecological and social changes by connecting the political and financial powers on a European scale.
Environmental Changes, the Emergence of a Fuel Market, and the Working Conditions of Salt Makers in Bengal, c. 1780–1845
Authors: Kanda Sayako 
Published: December 2010

SummaryDuring the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, the British East India Company monopolized salt production in Bengal, and the British sought a new market for English salt in India. As previous studies have emphasized, external political and economic forces devastated indigenous industry and its workers. However, working conditions were influenced more by the natural environments of the salt-producing localities, particularly the availability of fuel, which was indispensable to the process of manufacture. The industry had always benefitted from abundant grass and straw for use as fuel. However, as grasslands were lost due both to constant river encroachment and to land clearance for cultivation, straw prices increased with the emergence of a regional market for biomass fuels, so that increasing difficulties in procuring fuel gradually made the salt industry costly. That state of affairs was accelerated by the advance of economic activity in general and a shortage of coal in particular. The changes made workers much more dependent on the fuel market.
Experimental program for the Princeton Ion Source Test Facility
Authors: Grisham L.R. , Gilson E.P. , Kaganovich I. , Kwan J.W. , Stepanov A. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA 100 kV ion source test stand formerly operated at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory has been relocated to Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, where it is being installed and prepared for operation. A variety of topics relevant to ion-beam-driven high energy density physics and heavy ion fusion will be explored at this facility. The practicality of magnetic insulation to improve the performance of electrostatic accelerators will be investigated by determining whether a pair of parallel plates forming a high-voltage gap can sustain higher electric field gradients, when an electric current is passed through the electrode at the cathode potential so as to produce a magnetic field, which is everywhere parallel to the surface. The facility will also be used to develop and characterize improved plasma sources for space charge neutralization of intense ion beam systems such as the Neutralized Drift Compression Experiment-II facility. The negative halogen ion beam and ion-ion plasma studies previously initiated when this test facility was located at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory will be resumed, and other experimental topics are also under consideration.
Impact of Geriatric Consultation Services for Elderly Patients Admitted to Acute Care Hospitals
Authors: Hogan David B. 
Published: December 2010

RÉSUMÉCertains centres hospitaliers de soins à courte durée ont mis sur pied des programmes de consultation gériatrique destinés à l'intention des patients âgés. Des études évaluatives explorant l'utilité de ces programmes ont produit des résultats variés. Ces résultats inconsistants pourraient être causés par la différence au niveau de la conception des études de recherche, les différentes stratégies utilisées, les différentes façons d'analyser les résultats, et finalement certains facteurs propres à l'institution même. De toute évidence, la variable critique serait celle qui porte sur les méthodes utilisées pour recruter les patients. Des études plus poussées devraient être mises au point dans le but de (1) développer des stratégies cibles optimales, (2) déterminer la composition appropriée de service et fonction (3) étudier l'interaction entre ces programmes et les autres éléments d'un programme gériatrique d'envergure, (4) documenter l'effet à long terme (une année) sur les patients évalués et (5) évaluer l'impact institutionnel de ces programmes.
The Fraboni Scale of Ageism (FSA): An Attempt at a More Precise Measure of Ageism
Authors: Fraboni Maryann , Saltstone Robert , Hughes Susan 
Published: December 2010

RÉSUMÉ“The Fraboni Scale of Ageism” (FSA), de même que les rapports de son facteur du concept psychologique, de sa crédibilité de consistance interne, et de sa relation avec “The Acceptance of Others Scale”, “The Facts on Aging Quiz”, et “The Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale” (N = 231) sont présentés dans cette étude. Le concept psychologique du FSA est tiré de la définition d'âgéisme chez Butler (1978), et il veut mesurer la composante affective des attitudes, afin de compléter l'aspect cognitif mesuré par les autres instruments. Le FSA avait trouvé une validité suffisante du concept psychologique et une crédibilité interne élevée. Les rapports avec les autres concepts psychologiques mesurés ont maintenu le caractère unique du FSA et ont révélé une influence réduite de l'utilité sociale. On a remarqué que le sexe des individus expliquait quelques divergences dans les scores du FSA.