bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of incorporation of some wastes on a wheat-guar rotation system on soil physical and chemical properties
Authors: Rezig A M R , Elhadi E A , Mubarak A R 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackgroundImproving levels of organic matter in desert soils is necessary for their cultivation. A two-year study (2008 to 2010) was conducted on a sandy clay loam soil at the experimental research farm of the Omdurman Islamic University, Sudan to determine the effect of application of crop residue, sewage sludge, and humentos on selected soil properties in wheat-guar crop rotation system. Treatments were recommended inorganic fertilizer (125 kg N ha−1and 92 kg P ha−1), recommended inorganic fertilizer with crop residues, crop residue, sewage sludge (10 t ha−1), humentos soil conditioner (200 L ha−1), and control.ResultsResults showed that soil physical properties were not significantly changed except soil water holding capacity. Application of crop residues with recommended fertilizer and sewage sludge for three seasons significantly increased cation exchange capacity and organic carbon by 57.15 % to 60.95 % and 61.0 % to 65.2 %, respectively. Moreover, combined application of crop residues with recommended inorganic fertilizer and sewage sludge had significantly decreased topsoil pH.ConclusionsThe results showed that judicious combined application of organic wastes with inorganic fertilizers could be a useful practice in sustaining fertility of poor sandy soils.Competing interestsThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.Authors’ contributionsRezig F.A.M she is the main author and did the field and laboratory job and drafted the manscript. Elhadi, E.A particpate in some field work, statstical analysis and participate in correction of the manscript. Mubarak, A. R He is the main supervisor and draft the proposal and participate in the correction of the manscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Clinical recognition and recording of alcohol disorders by
clinicians in primary and secondary care: meta-analysis
Authors: Mitchell Alex J. , Meader Nick , Bird Vicky , Rizzo Maria 
Published: August 2012

BackgroundClinicians have considerable difficulty identifying and helping those
people with alcohol problems but no previous study has looked at this
systematically.AimsTo determine clinicians' ability to routinely identify broadly defined
alcohol problems.MethodData were extracted and rated by two authors, according to PRISMA
standard and QUADAS criteria. Studies that examined the diagnostic
accuracy of clinicians' opinion regarding the presence of alcohol
problems as well as their written notation were evaluated.ResultsA comprehensive search identified 48 studies that looked at the routine
ability of clinicians to identify alcohol problems (12 in primary care,
31 in general hospitals and 5 in psychiatric settings). A total of 39
examined alcohol use disorder, 5 alcohol dependence and 4 intoxication.
We separated studies into those using self-report and those using
interview. The diagnostic sensitivity of primary care physicians (general
practitioners) in the identification of alcohol use disorder was 41.7%
(95% CI 23.0–61.7) but alcohol problems were recorded correctly in only
27.3% (95% CI 16.9–39.1) of primary care records. Hospital staff
identified 52.4% (95% CI 35.9–68.7) of cases and made correct notations
in 37.2% (95% CI 28.4–46.4) of case notes. Mental health professionals
were able to correctly identify alcohol use disorder in 54.7% (95% CI
16.8–89.6) of cases. There were limited data regarding alcohol dependency
and intoxication. Hospital staff were able to detect 41.7% (95% CI
16.5–69.5) of people with alcohol dependency and 89.8% (95% CI 70.4–99.4)
of those acutely intoxicated. Specificity data were sparse.ConclusionsClinicians may consider simple screening methods such as self-report
tools rather than relying on unassisted clinical judgement but the added
value of screening over and above clinical diagnosis remains unclear.
A role for football in mental health: the Coping Through Football project
Authors: Mason Oliver J. , Holt Rebecca 
Published: August 2012

Aims and methodCoping Through Football aims to improve well-being and reduce social isolation for younger people with severe mental illness in a deprived area of North East London. Interviews were conducted with 12 service users, 5 referrers and 2 coaches to obtain their views of the project's implications for health and well-being, quality of life and social/community relationships. A qualitative approach was used to derive themes from interview transcripts using some of the tools of grounded theory.ResultsThemes included: identifying with past self; service with a difference: opening up the social world; safety; empowerment; and feeling good. Coping Through Football was seen by stakeholders as leading to increased well-being and social opportunities within a safe and understanding environment.Clinical implicationsFor many service users the football project played a key role in their recovery of personal and social roles. Social and community-based mental health projects benefit greatly from active community collaboration, in this case a professional football club and several non-statutory sport/leisure bodies.
Fitness to be interviewed assessments: are specialist trainees fit enough?
Authors: Green Jonathan , Shenoy Suraj , Kent John 
Published: August 2012

Aims and methodThe law allows courts to exclude evidence from police interviews if it is obtained unfairly or would have an adverse effect on the fairness of proceedings. The assessment of a detainee's fitness to be interviewed is therefore of paramount importance. We surveyed 70 psychiatrists in higher training within the Yorkshire and Humber Deanery to ascertain their current understanding of this clinically important task. The psychiatrists' level of training received and awareness of local employee guidance in relation to their responsibilities in this field was investigated. We then piloted an interactive teaching session aimed at improving knowledge in this area and gained feedback from attending higher trainees.ResultsThere was a 64% response rate to the survey before implementation of the teaching session. The survey found that half of all respondents had been asked to carry out a fitness to be interviewed assessment at some point in their higher training. Only a third of the respondents had attended formal teaching in this area, and only a fifth were aware of local employee guidance. All the trainees who attended the pilot teaching session felt it was beneficial to their future clinical practice.Clinical implicationsIt is imperative that all the higher training schemes in the country incorporate training in this field to help satisfy the Royal College of Psychiatrists' intended specialist trainee learning outcomes and, more significantly, to avoid potential miscarriages of justice.
A two-model integrated personality disorder service: effect on bed use
Authors: Jones Barry , Juett Georgia , Hill Nathan 
Published: August 2012

Aims and methodTo assess the impact on psychiatric in-patient bed use of a new personality disorder service that uses two psychoanalytical models: mentalisation-based treatment (MBT) and the service user network (SUN). The number of psychiatric bed days used by patients attending each of the three arms of the service model (SUN, 3-day MBT, 2-day MBT) was collated using the electronic patient records system. Bed use in the 6 months and 12 months before each patient started treatment was compared with bed use in the same periods after starting treatment.ResultsOverall, statistical analysis revealed bed use to be significantly reduced by 6 months of treatment, and the reduction continued to prove significant at 12 months. Comparison between subgroups found no significant difference in bed use between patients attending the MBT programme and patients attending the SUN project at 6 months, but patients on the 3-day MBT programme exhibited a significantly greater reduction in bed use at 6 months compared with patients on the 2-day MBT programme.Clinical implicationsIntervention had a statistically significant effect overall on reducing bed use, which we suggest is linked to an improvement in patients' functioning, and is maintained at 6 months and 12 months of treatment. The lacking difference between the SUN and MBT components of the model raises questions regarding the best allocation of resources and the longer-term effects on bed use, to be answered by further study.
Supervised community treatment: 2-year follow-up study in Suffolk
Authors: Dye Stephen , Dannaram Srinivas , Loynes Benjamin , Dickenson Rebecca 
Published: August 2012

Aims and methodTo describe the use of community treatment orders (CTOs) and outcomes for patients placed under CTOs within the first 8 months of use in Suffolk. We performed retrospective and prospective examination of health records to collect sociodemographic and clinical measurements with a specific data-collection tool.ResultsAll of the patients studied had a major psychotic mental illness. A significant proportion of the patients had a history of alcohol or substance misuse and contact with judicial services. Implementation of a CTO was associated with an increase in engagement, a decrease in the number of admissions, and increased time spent outside hospital.Clinical implicationsThis small localised study indicates that supervised community treatment can have benefits for some patients. The challenge now is to examine the practice of supervised community treatment and to receive meaningful feedback from people who are subject to such treatment.
Experimental and reaction kinetic investigation of 1-octene metathesis reaction with Hoveyda-Grubbs first generation precatalyst
Authors: van der Gryp Percy , Marx Sanette , Vosloo Hermanus C.M. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
In this work, we report the catalytic performance of the first generation Hoveyda-Grubbs precatalyst for the metathesis reaction of 1-octene. The reaction temperature (30 to 100°C) and catalyst load (1-octene/Ru molar ratio 5,000 to 10,000) were varied and quantities such as product distribution, activity and selectivity were evaluated. Reaction temperature showed a significant effect and turn over numbers as high as 4458 were observed for this system. Two competing mechanisms were observed for temperatures above 60°C, namely metathesis and isomerisation. The experimental product-time distribution data for the complex parallel reaction system was fairly accurately described by three elementary pseudo-first order reaction rates. The effects of temperature (Arrhenius Equation) and catalyst load were incorporated in the observed rate constant. The observed activation energies were around 10 kcal/mol.
Kinetic Modeling of Carbon Nanotube Production and Minimization of Amorphous Carbon Overlayer Deposition in Floating Catalyst Method
Authors: Samandari-Masouleh Leila , Mostoufi Navid , Khodadadi AA , Mortazavi Y. , Maghrebi Morteza 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
A kinetic modeling of longitudinal and depth profiles of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) synthesis using xylene and ferrocene in a floating catalyst (FC) reactor is hereby reported. Both amorphous and arrays of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are formed, whose ratio sharply increases along a growth window and from the bottom to top of the arrays. A model is presented for the rate of CNTs synthesis as well as the rate of amorphous carbon formation which undesirably forms on the nanotube walls and reduces nanotubes quality and synthesis efficiency. Based on the amounts of amorphous carbons and CNTs formed in the reactor, kinetic parameters of formation of these species from xylene were estimated. It is shown that, as the temperature increases, the weight ratio of amorphous carbon to CNTs shows minimum at 970 K. The ratio increases with decreasing the amount of deposited iron. Increasing pressure and carrier gas is found to have marginal effects on producing CNTs with lower amounts of amorphous carbon. Higher surface density of CNTs (number of CNTs per surface area) and their diameter, result in a significantly higher amount of amorphous carbon deposition.
Effect of Concentration by Thermal Swing Adsorption on the Catalytic Incineration of VOCs
Authors: Campesi Agustina , Luzi Carlos D. , Martínez Osvaldo M. , Barreto Guillermo 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Among the different processes for elimination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from gaseous effluents (mainly air streams), the frequently employed catalytic oxidation is undertaken in this contribution. With the purpose of reducing the amount of catalyst needed for incineration and the surface of recuperative heat exchangers, thermal swing adsorption can be use as a previous step for VOC concentration.By means of simulating the behavior of a conventional packed bed reactor and using kinetic expressions recently developed for the incineration of mixtures of ethyl acetate and ethanol on a laboratory catalyst based on Mn/Cu oxides, it is shown in this paper that the reduction in catalyst volume is significantly larger than the concentration factor, due to the combined effect of the lower flow rate and temperature rise.A second aspect dealt with in this contribution concern the simulation of the packed bed reactor. The intraparticle mass-transfer limitations turn out to be very strong and, consequently, the mass conservation balances of three species inside the particles should be solved numerically and iteratively at each position inside the bed. A precise approximation to circumvent such procedure is developed and shown to reduce computing time in more than one order of magnitude and to avoid convergence troubles otherwise found with the numerical procedure.
Hydrothermal Conversion of Glycerin into Lactic Acid by a Continuous-Flow Reactor
Authors: Zhang Guangyi , Jin Fangming , Wu Bing , Cao Jianglin , Adam Yousif S. , Wang Yin 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Using a self-established laboratory scale continuous-flow reactor, the experimental research on continuous hydrothermal conversion of glycerin into lactic acid was made, to lay a foundation for quantity production of lactic acid from glycerin. The optimal operation condition for producing lactic acid in the continuous-flow reactor, and a ~60% lactic acid yield was achieved. Bad mixing of the reactants as well as a large surface area of the inner wall of the reactor tube decreased significantly the lactic acid yields, especially with a long residence time under a high concentration of alkali. The continuous-flow reactor was modified by substituting the 1/8’’ tube with a 1/4’’ tube and equipping a mixing device, and was tested to perform as well as the one with a 1/8’’ tube. The research results would help design and establish a more high-efficient continuous-flow reactor for hydrothermal conversion of glycerin into lactic acid.
A Transient Stability Constrained, Line-Flow-Based Fast Contingency Screening and Power Flow Evaluation
Authors: Uzoechi Lazarus O. , Mahajan Satish M. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
A new methodology for a possible fast evaluation of a power flow is presented. The proposed method involves a transient stability constrained line-flow-based (LFB) fast contingency screening. This direct method incorporates transient energy function (TEF) to carry out the evaluation of a power system. The proposed LFB method was tested on the WECC 9-bus, three machine, the IEEE 14-bus, five machine, and the IEEE 39-bus, ten machine systems. Results of the proposed LFB were compared with those obtained from the conventional Newton-Raphson (N-R) method. It was observed that the stable re-dispatch could be obtained by the LFB method within half the computation time as compared to the time required for the N-R method. Since the LFB method was based upon identification of the stable equilibrium points of the TEF, the proposed method appears to be inherently capable of delivering a stable power dispatch. In addition, a new index called critical energy performance index (CEPI) has been introduced to indicate the level of stability and to assist in the decisions related to the re-dispatch.
Solid State Fermentation in Food Processing
Authors: Ghoshal Gargi , Basu Santanu , Shivhare US 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Agro processing industry generates substantial quantities of waste materials which cause serious environmental pollution throughout the year. Solid state fermentation (SSF) process offers great potential to utilize these waste materials to manufacture several important products such as enzymes, organic acids, alcohols, pigments, gums, aroma compounds, biopesticides, surfactants, vitamins etc. on commercial scale. Most important feature of SSF over submerged fermentation (SmF) is that crude fermented products may be used directly or after partial purification. An attempt has been made to present information on production of various enzymes, biopesticides, surfactants, vitamins as well as other products such as pigments, gums, alcohol, aroma compounds, etc. by SSF process.
Continuous and Intermittent Drying (Tempering) of Oblate Spheroidal Bodies: Modeling and Simulation
Authors: Carmo João Evangelista Franco do , de Lima Antonio Gilson Barbosa , Silva Carlota Joaquina e 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
In this work, modeling of continuous and intermittent drying of oblate spheroidal bodies is presented. The model considers the liquid diffusion as the only process of mass transfer inside the body, constant diffusion coefficient and equilibrium conditions at the surface of the solid. The diffusion equation is described in the oblate spheroidal coordinates system and it was discretized using the finite-volume method. Formulation was applied to predict drying of lentil grains. Several cases of intermittent drying for lentils were simulated: using a same time of tempering (time of rest), beginning in different drying time and for two or more drying passes (time steps) along the process. For a same useful time of the dryer, it was observed that the intermittent drying always increases the efficiency of the process. Another outstanding result is the improvement of the final quality of the product due to the absence of large moisture content gradients inside of the product during the drying process after tempering.
Overall and Fluid-to-particle Heat Transfer Coefficients associated with Canned Particulate non-Newtonian Fluids during Free Bi-axial Rotary Thermal Processing
Authors: Hassan Hussein F. , Ramaswamy Hosahalli S. , Dwivedi Mritunjay 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Heat transfer to canned particulates in non-Newtonian fluids (Nylon particles suspended in aqueous carboxymethyl cellulose - CMC - solution) during fixed and free bi-axial rotation was studied in a pilot-scale, full water-immersion single-cage rotary retort. A response surface methodology was used in order to study the effect of different process parameters, including rotational speed (7-23 rpm), CMC concentration (0.0-1.0%) and retort temperature (110-130C), at five levels of each, on overall heat transfer coefficient (U) and fluid to particle heat transfer coefficient (hfp) in both rotation modes. The analysis of variance showed that the rotational speed, CMC concentration and retort temperature were significant (p < 0.05) factors for hfp in the following order: rotation speed > CMC concentration > retort temperature; however, only rotational speed and CMC concentration were significant (p < 0.05) factors for U. With an increase in rotational speed and retort temperature, there was an increase in the associated U and hfp values; however, increasing the CMC concentration resulted in the opposite. Using the numerical optimization of the Design Expert software, optimum heat transfer was found at a rotational speed of 20 rpm, CMC concentration of 0.6% and retort temperature of 126C. T-test revealed that both U and hfp were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the free bi-axial mode as compared to the fixed axial mode of rotation.
Analysis of physicochemical and thermo-mechanical characteristics of Iranian black seed (Nigella oxypetala Boiss)
Authors: Gharibzahedi Seyed Mohammad Taghi , Mousavi Seyed Mohammad , Jouki Mohammad , Ghahderijani Mohammad 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
The study experimentally scrutinized nutritional and engineering properties of Iranian black seed at a moisture content of 5.1% (w.b.) in order to design processing equipment and machinery for various post-harvest operations. Analysis of chemical composition, mineral content and fatty acid profile illustrated that the seeds had high nutritional value. Bulk density, true density and porosity were 539.3 kg/m3, 1009.4 kg/m3 and 46.5%, respectively. Mean values for angle of repose and terminal velocity were 5.6 m/s and 32.5°, respectively. Static friction coefficient on plywood, mild steel, aluminum and galvanized iron sheet were 0.53, 0.36, 0.32 and 0.37, respectively. Specific heat, thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity varied from 1642 to 2035 J/kgK, 0.17 to 0.22 W/mK and 9.3 to 10.4 × 10-8 m2/s, respectively. The force required for initiating seed rupture decreased from 57.36 to 35.1 N and 55.7 to 30.24 N, and the energy absorbed at seed rupture decreased from 51.24 to 21.31 mJ and 26.67 to 6.31 mJ, with increase in loading rate from 1 to 10mm/min, for vertical and horizontal orientations, respectively.
Wide-band resonance reflectors for the visible spectrum
Authors: Saastamoinen Toni , Korhonen Minna , Kuittinen Markku 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
We present wide-band resonance waveguide reflectors at the visible wavelengths providing nearly 100% reflectance over a range of several tens of nanometres. The reflectors are based on multilayer designs consisting of layers of high and low index materials with a binary grating etched through the stack. We also fabricated an example structure and discuss the fabrication aspects of these elements.
Μέγιστα Γένη and Division in Aristotle’s Generation of Animals
Authors: Stoyles Byron J. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Aristotle refers to some animal kinds as μέγιστα γένη, or greatest kinds. The goal of this paper is to make clear the nature and significance of these kinds. I argue that Aristotle thinks of greatest kinds as the most general kinds within a specified domain. I then consider the fact that Aristotle’s discussion of animals’ reproductive parts and modes of reproduction in Generation of Animals is organized around divisions related to the cause of each of the features being explained. I conclude that, while classification is an important goal in Aristotle’s biological treatises, it is of little significance that some of the kinds he identifies are referred to as greatest kinds. The important divisions are, for Aristotle, the divisions that best serve his goal of explaining the various features of animals and these divisions sometimes group together and sometimes cut across the commonly recognized, including the greatest, animal kinds.
Phymatolithon lamii (Hapalidiaceae, Corallinales, Rhodophyta): a first report for the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Kaleb Sara , Falace Annalisa , Woelkerling William 
Published: August 2012

Abstract

Phymatolithon lamii (Hapalidiaceae, Corallinales, Rhodophyta) is reported for the first time in the Mediterranean Sea. A morphological-anatomical account of Gulf of Trieste specimens is presented along with comparisons with P. lamii specimens from other regions, comparisons with other Mediterranean species of Phymatolithon and a dichotomous key to known Mediterranean species of Phymatolithon. Whether P. lamii occurs naturally in the Mediterranean Sea but was previously misidentified as P. lenormandii or is, alternatively, an alien species, or both, has not been resolved.