bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital subtraction radiography evaluation of the bone repair process of chronic apical periodontitis after root canal treatment
Authors: Benfica e Silva J. , Leles C. R. , Alencar A. H. G. , Nunes C. A. B. C. M. , Mendonça E. F. 
Published: May 2010

Benfica e Silva J, Leles CR, Alencar AHG, Nunes CABCM, Mendonça EF. Digital subtraction radiography evaluation of the bone repair process of chronic apical periodontitis after root canal treatment. International Endodontic Journal.AbstractAim  To monitor radiographically the progress of bone repair within chronic periapical lesions after root canal treatment using digital subtraction radiography (DSR).Methodology  Twelve patients with 17 single‐rooted teeth with chronic apical periodontitis associated with an infected necrotic pulp were selected for root canal treatment. Periapical radiographs were taken before treatment (baseline) and immediately post‐treatment, 45, 90, 135 and 180 days after treatment. The radiographic protocol included the use of individualized film holders with silicone bite blocks. The six radiographic images were digitized and submitted to digital subtraction using DSR® software, resulting in five subtracted images (SI). Quantitative analysis of these SI was performed using Image Tool® software to assess pixel value changes, considering a step‐wedge as the gold standard and a cut‐off value of 128 pixels. The aim was to identify any increase or decrease in mineral density in the region of the periapical lesion.Results  A minor decrease in mineral density at the canal filling session and a significant progressive mineral gain in the following evaluations (P < 0.001) occurred. Pairwise comparison of pixel grey values revealed that only the 180‐day follow‐up differed significantly from the previous SI.Conclusion  Digital subtraction radiography is a useful method for evaluating the progress of bone repair after root canal treatment. Noticeable mineral gain was observed approximately 90 days after root canal filling and definite bone repair after 180 days.
Endodontic treatment of a maxillary lateral incisor with vital pulp, periradicular lesion and type III dens invaginatus: a case report
Authors: Keleş A. , Çakıcı F. 
Published: May 2010

Keleş A, Çakıcı F. Endodontic treatment of a maxillary lateral incisor with vital pulp, periradicular lesion and type III dens invaginatus: a case report. International Endodontic Journal 43, 608–614, 2010.AbstractAim  To report the healing of a periradicular lesion and maintaining vitality of the pulp following endodontic treatment of the invaginated canal of a dental invagination.Summary  Dens invaginatus is a developmental malformation resulting from invagination of the tooth crown or root before calcification has occurred. A case of type III dens invaginatus, an invagination that extends from the crown to the apex, in the maxillary right lateral incisor with a healthy pulp and large peri‐invagination periodontitis is reported. Non‐surgical root canal treatment of the invagination was performed. There appeared to be no communication between the main root canal and the invaginated canal. The invaginated canal was filled by lateral condensation of gutta‐percha and a calcium hydroxide sealer. The final restoration of the tooth was completed using composite, and the tooth was reviewed after 1 and 2 years. Non‐surgical root canal treatment of the invagination retained the pulp in a health condition and resulted in resolution of a substantial peri‐invagination lesion.Key learning points

Even though there are no symptoms, radiography should be performed in teeth that exhibit anatomical differences from the contralateral tooth.
Even if there is extensive apical pathology in a tooth with type III dens invaginatus, pulp sensibility tests should be performed.
Correct diagnosis and treatment planning are fundamental when treating dens invaginatus.
Mechanisms driving change: altered species interactions and ecosystem function through global warming
Authors: Traill Lochran W. , Lim Matthew L. M. , Sodhi Navjot S. , Bradshaw Corey J. A. 
Published: May 2010

Summary 1. We review the mechanisms behind ecosystem functions, the processes that facilitate energy transfer along food webs, and the major processes that allow the cycling of carbon, oxygen and nitrogen, and use case studies to show how these have already been, and will continue to be, altered by global warming. 2. Increased temperatures will affect the interactions between heterotrophs and autotrophs (e.g. pollination and seed dispersal), and between heterotrophs (e.g. predators‐prey, parasites/pathogens‐hosts), with generally negative ramifications for important ecosystem services (functions that provide direct benefit to human society such as pollination) and potential for heightened species co‐extinction rates. 3. Mitigation of likely impacts of warming will require, in particular, the maintenance of species diversity as insurance for the provision of basic ecosystem services. Key to this will be long‐term monitoring and focused research that seek to maintain ecosystem resilience in the face of global warming. 4. We provide guidelines for pursuing research that quantifies the nexus between ecosystem function and global warming. These include documentation of key functional species groups within systems, and understanding the principal outcomes arising from direct and indirect effects of a rapidly warming environment. Localized and targeted research and monitoring, complemented with laboratory work, will determine outcomes for resilience and guide adaptive conservation responses and long‐term planning.
Clarifying an ambiguous evolutionary history: range‐wide phylogeography of an Australian freshwater fish, the golden perch (Macquaria ambigua)
Authors: Faulks Leanne K. , Gilligan Dean M. , Beheregaray Luciano B. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAim  We conducted a range‐wide phylogeographic study of a common Australian freshwater fish, the golden perch (Macquaria ambigua), to investigate the relationship between environmental processes and evolutionary history in drainage basins.Location  Inland [Lake Eyre (LEB), Murray–Darling (MDB) and Bulloo (BULL)] and coastal basins [Fitzroy (FITZ)] of eastern Australia.Methods  A total of 590 samples were collected from across the entire species’ distribution and a section of the mitochondrial DNA control region was sequenced. In order to reconstruct the evolutionary history of M. ambigua a comprehensive suite of phylogeographic analyses was conducted, including nested clade phylogeographic analysis, mismatch analysis and isolation‐with‐migration model simulations.Results  Three major lineages corresponding to the major drainage basins, FITZ, MDB and LEB/BULL, were identified (ΦST = 0.92). Lineages from the coastal basin (FITZ) were highly divergent from those of the inland basins (up to 6%). Levels of genetic diversity in the inland basins were relatively low and our analyses indicate that these populations experienced both demographic and range expansions during the Pleistocene.Main conclusions  Investigation of the range‐wide phylogeography of M. ambigua has revealed new insights into the biogeography of the Australian arid zone, particularly with regard to evolutionary events chronologically associated with cyclical moist and dry conditions. We propose that M. ambigua originated on the east coast (FITZ) and crossed a major geographic barrier, the Great Dividing Range (GDR), to colonize the inland basins (MDB, LEB and BULL). We infer a series of demographic and range expansion events for M. ambigua consistent with a scenario of moister Pleistocene conditions and increased connectivity of freshwater environments, both within and among drainage basins. Major lineages then diversified following isolation of freshwater environments under increasingly arid climate conditions. We suggest that management priorities for M. ambigua should include the resolution of taxonomic uncertainties and the maintenance of genetic diversity of both stocked populations in the MDB and native populations of the LEB that may be at risk of further isolation and reduced gene flow due to increased aridification under future climate change scenarios.
Biogeography of Aegagropila linnaei (Cladophorophyceae, Chlorophyta): a widespread freshwater alga with low effective dispersal potential shows a glacial imprint in its distribution
Authors: Boedeker Christian , Eggert Anja , Immers Anne , Wakana Isamu 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAim  Aegagropila linnaei is a freshwater macroalga that is generally regarded as a rare species. It is apparently absent from large but seemingly suitable areas of the Northern Hemisphere, implying a limited dispersal potential and an imprint of Pleistocene glaciations in its biogeography. However, despite the popularity of its enigmatic lake ball‐form, detailed biogeographical studies of A. linnaei have never been conducted. The main means of reproduction of A. linnaei is fragmentation and akinetes are not formed, supporting the assumption of limited dispersal capacity. The aim of this study was to reconstruct the biogeography of A. linnaei, and to identify possible refugia during glaciations, as well as to evaluate dispersal potential by quantitative desiccation experiments.Location  Palaearctic.Methods  The current distribution of A. linnaei was inferred from herbarium specimens, literature data and recent field observations. All herbarium specimens were morphologically re‐examined. Desiccation experiments were performed with vegetative filaments of three isolates of A. linnaei, as no specialized resistant stages are known. For comparison, the widespread freshwater algae Cladophora glomerata and Rhizoclonium sp. were included. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) ribosomal DNA sequences were generated and a ribotype network was constructed.Results  Aegagropila linnaei was recorded from 283 locations in freshwater and brackish environments. The majority of locations were in central and northern Europe in previously glaciated areas. Desiccation experiments showed that A. linnaei is very susceptible to desiccation. Based on ITS sequences of 34 samples, five different ribotypes were identified. Four of these ribotypes had a restricted distribution. Aegagropila linnaei represents a single species with little genetic variation (0.1–0.5%).Main conclusions  This is the most comprehensive study of this species so far, reporting many new locations and tackling several taxonomic problems. Few additional finds were made from North America, and the origin of A. linnaei is inferred to be in Asia. The highest density of its present‐day locations is in previously glaciated areas in Europe, where glacial ice‐dammed lakes might have functioned as refugia. Low effective long‐distance dispersal capacity is inferred, based on high susceptibility to desiccation and its modes of dispersal.
Reassessment of phylogeographical structure in an eastern North American tree using Monmonier’s algorithm and ecological niche modelling
Authors: Morris Ashley B. , Graham Catherine H. , Soltis Douglas E. , Soltis Pamela S. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAim  Patterns of phylogeographical diversity in eastern North America have been well documented, with suggestions of Pleistocene refugia in both coastal and interior regions. However, most studies to date have assessed these patterns only qualitatively, largely through visual observation of haplotype networks. Furthermore, many plant studies use only one or two individuals per locality, which probably limits the recovery of haplotype diversity. The aim of this study is to address the issues of sampling strategy and quantitative assessment of phylogeographical patterns in an eastern North American tree, Fagus grandifolia (American beech).Location  Eastern North America.Methods  Comparing two sampling strategies (more localities with lower sample size within localities versus fewer localities with increased sample size within localities), we analysed chloroplast DNA sequence data from more than 230 individuals across 130 localities using statistical parsimony, maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses. We then assessed support for inferred phylogenetic relationships using Monmonier’s algorithm and analysis of molecular variance. As an additional test of biogeographic hypotheses, we employed ecological niche models (ENMs), which are used to predict the geographic range of a species from occurrence data and environmental records. Here we predict both present and palaeodistributions.Results  More haplotypes were recovered when more localities were sampled, but novel haplotypes and haplotype distributions were recovered using both strategies. Phylogeographical patterns suggest possible Pleistocene refugia along the Gulf and Atlantic coasts according to ENMs, as well as a more interior refugium according to Monmonier’s algorithm.Main conclusions  Monmonier’s algorithm supports previous findings of an interior refugium in the Lower Mississippi River Valley/Upper Midwest, while ENMs indicate that the Gulf and Atlantic coasts may have provided the most suitable habitat for F. grandifolia during the Pleistocene. Our findings allow us to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the two approaches. We propose that future phylogeographical studies should follow a step‐wise sampling strategy, balancing cost and expected outcomes.
From ice age to modern: a record of landscape change in an Andean cloud forest
Authors: Valencia B. G. , Urrego D. H. , Silman M. R. , Bush M. B. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAim  To investigate the palaeoecological changes associated with the last ice age, subsequent deglaciation and human occupation of the central Andes.Location  Lake Pacucha, Peruvian Andes (13°36′26″ S, 73°19′42″ W; 3095 m elevation).Methods  Vegetation assemblages were reconstructed for the last 24 cal. kyr bp (thousand calibrated 14C years before present), based on pollen analysis of sediments from Lake Pacucha. An age model was established using 14C accelerator mass spectrometry dates on bulk sediment. Fossil pollen and sedimentological analyses followed standard methodologies.Results  Puna brava replaced the Andean forest at the elevation of Lake Pacucha at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Deglaciation proceeded rapidly after 16 cal. kyr bp, and near‐modern vegetation was established by c. 14 cal. kyr bp. The deglacial was marked by the range expansion of forest taxa as grassland taxa receded in importance. The mid‐Holocene was marked by a lowered lake level but relatively unchanged vegetation. Quinoa and maize pollen were found in the latter half of the Holocene.Main conclusions  Temperatures were about 7–8 °C colder than present at this site during the LGM. The pattern of vegetation change was suggestive of microrefugial expansion rather than simple upslope migration. The mid‐Holocene droughts were interrupted by rainfall events sufficiently frequent to allow vegetation to survive largely unchanged, despite lowering of the lake level. Human activity at the lake included a 5500‐year history of quinoa cultivation and 3000 years of maize cultivation.
Endothelin A receptors mediate relaxation of guinea pig internal anal sphincter through cGMP pathway
Authors: Huang S.‐c. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackground Endothelin (ET) modulates motility of the internal anal sphincter through unclear receptor subtypes.Methods We measured relaxation of guinea pig internal anal sphincter strips caused by ET‐related peptides and binding of125I‐ET‐1 to cell membranes prepared from the internal anal sphincter muscle. Visualization of125I‐ET‐1 binding sites in tissue was performed by autoradiography.Key Results  In the guinea pig internal anal sphincter, ET‐1 caused a marked relaxation insensitive to tetrodotoxin, atropine, or ω‐conotoxin GVIA. ET‐2 was as potent as ET‐1. ET‐3 caused a mild relaxation. The relative potencies for ETs to cause relaxation were ET‐1 = ET‐2 > ET‐3. The ET‐1‐induced relaxation was inhibited by BQ‐123, an ETAantagonist, but not by BQ‐788, an ETBantagonist. These indicate that ETAreceptors mediate the relaxation. The relaxant response of ET‐1 was attenuated by LY 83583, KT 5823, Rp‐8CPT‐cGMPS, tetraethyl ammonium, 4‐aminopyridine andN(omega)‐nitro‐l‐arginine, but not significantly affected byNG‐nitro‐l‐arginine methyl ester,NG‐methyl‐l‐arginine, charybdotoxin, apamin, KT 5720, and Rp‐cAMPS. These suggest the involvement of cyclic guanosine 3′,5′‐cyclic monophosphate (cGMP), and potassium channels. Autoradiography localized125I‐ET‐1 binding to the internal anal sphincter. Binding of125I‐ET‐1 to the cell membranes prepared from the internal anal sphincter revealed the presence of two subtypes of ET receptors, ETAand ETBreceptors.Conclusions & Inferences Taken together, these results demonstrate that ETAreceptors mediate relaxation of guinea pig internal anal sphincter through the cGMP pathway.
Sugars are under light control during bud burst in Rosa sp.
Authors: GIRAULT TIFFANIE , ABIDI FAROUK , SIGOGNE MONIQUE , PELLESCHI‐TRAVIER SANDRINE , BOUMAZA RACHID , SAKR SOULAIMAN , LEDUC NATHALIE 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTBud burst in certain species is conditioned by the luminous environment. With roses, the requirement for light is absolute, and darkness totally inhibits bud burst. Few studies have looked into understanding the action of light on the physiological bud burst processes. Here, we show the impact of light on certain components of glucidic metabolism during bud burst. Measurements were taken on decapitated plants of Rosa hybrida L. ‘Radrazz’ exposed either to darkness, white, blue or R light. Results show that a mobilization of bud and the carrying stem sucrose reserves only takes place in light and accompanies the bud burst. Furthermore, the activity of the RhVI vacuolar acid invertase which contributes to the breakdown of sucrose in the buds, as well as the transcription of the RhVI gene, is reduced in darkness, although it is strongly stimulated by light. The same analysis concerning the RhNAD‐SDH gene, coding an NAD‐dependent sorbitol dehydrogenase, shows, on the contrary, a strong induction of its transcription in darkness that could reflect the use of survival mechanisms in this condition.
Fast response of Scots pine to improved water availability reflected in tree‐ring width and δ13C
Authors: EILMANN BRITTA , BUCHMANN NINA , SIEGWOLF ROLF , SAURER MATTHIAS , CHERUBINI PAOLO , RIGLING ANDREAS 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTDrought‐induced forest decline, like the Scots pine mortality in inner‐Alpine valleys, will gain in importance as the frequency and severity of drought events are expected to increase. To understand how chronic drought affects tree growth and tree‐ring δ13C values, we studied mature Scots pine in an irrigation experiment in an inner‐Alpine valley. Tree growth and isotope analyses were carried out at the annual and seasonal scale. At the seasonal scale, maximum δ13C values were measured after the hottest and driest period of the year, and were associated with decreasing growth rates. Inter‐annual δ13C values in early‐ and latewood showed a strong correlation with annual climatic conditions and an immediate decrease as a response to irrigation. This indicates a tight coupling between wood formation and the freshly produced assimilates for trees exposed to chronic drought. This rapid appearance of the isotopic signal is a strong indication for an immediate and direct transfer of newly synthesized assimilates for biomass production. The fast appearance and the distinct isotopic signal suggest a low availability of old stored carbohydrates. If this was a sign for C‐storage depletion, an increasing mortality could be expected when stressors increase the need for carbohydrate for defence, repair or regeneration.
Effect of latitude on flavonoid biosynthesis in plants
Authors: JAAKOLA LAURA , HOHTOLA ANJA 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTThe growth conditions in different latitudes vary markedly with season, day length, light quality and temperature. Many plant species have adapted well to the distinct environments through different strategies, one of which is the production of additional secondary metabolites. Flavonoids are a widely spread group of plant secondary metabolites that are involved in many crucial functions of plants. Our understanding of the biosynthesis, occurrence and function of flavonoids has increased rapidly in recent decades. Numerous studies have been published on the influence of environmental factors on the biosynthesis of flavonoids. However, extensive long‐term studies that examine the effect of the characteristics of northern climates on flavonoid biosynthesis are still scarce. This review focuses on the current knowledge about the effect of light intensity, photoperiod and temperature on the gene–environment interaction related to flavonoid biosynthesis in plants.
Relation among plant growth, carbohydrates and flowering time in the Arabidopsis Landsberg erecta × Kondara recombinant inbred line population
Authors: EL‐LITHY MOHAMED E. , REYMOND MATTHIEU , STICH BENJAMIN , KOORNNEEF MAARTEN , VREUGDENHIL DICK 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACT Arabidopsis thaliana natural variation was used to study plant performance viewed as the accumulation of photo‐assimilates, their allocation and storage, in relation to other growth‐related features and flowering‐related traits. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis using recombinant inbred lines derived from the cross between Landsberg erecta (originating from Poland) and Kondara (originating from Tajikistan) grown on hydroponics, revealed QTLs for the different aspects of plant growth‐related traits, sugar and starch contents and flowering‐related traits. Co‐locations of QTLs for these different aspects were detected at different regions, mainly at the ER locus; the top of chromosomes 3, 4 and 5; and the bottom of chromosome 5. Increased plant growth was associated with early flowering and leaf transitory starch, and correlated negatively with the levels of soluble sugar at early phases of development. From the significant correlations and the co‐locations of the QTLs for these aspects, we conclude that there is a complex relationship between plant growth‐related traits, carbohydrate content and flowering‐related traits.
CLINICAL STUDY: BRIEF REPORT: Serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor A increase during alcohol withdrawal
Authors: Heberlein Annemarie , Muschler Marc , Lenz Bernd , Frieling Helge , Büchl Christa , Gröschl Michael , Riera Rafael , Kornhuber Johannes , Bleich Stefan , Hillemacher Thomas 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTVascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF‐A) is a key regulator of angiogenesis. This study investigated VEGF‐A serum levels during alcohol withdrawal (days 1, 7 and 14, 76 male patients, 38 healthy controls). Patients showed significantly higher VEGF‐A serum levels (t = 2.620, P = 0.010), which increased significantly during withdrawal (F = 4.484, P = 0.014, mean difference = −36.835, P = 0.037). The increase of VEGF‐A serum levels was significantly associated with initial breath alcohol concentration and the sumscore of the severity scale of alcohol dependence (SESA questionnaire, F = 5.252, P = 0.008). Increase of VEGF‐A serum levels is closely associated to alcohol intoxication and severity of alcohol dependence.