bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender‐related invasion differences associated with mRNA expression levels of melatonin membrane receptors in colorectal cancer
Authors: León Josefa , Casado Jorge , Carazo Ángel , Sanjuán Laura , Maté Ana , Muñoz de Rueda Paloma , de la Cueva Paloma , Quiles Rosa , Ruíz Sergio , Ruíz‐Extremera Ángela , Salmerón Javier 
Published: August 2011

AbstractMelatonin inhibits growth and invasive capacity of colon cancer cells in vitro through its membrane (MT1 and MT2) and/or nuclear receptors (RORα). Previous studies showed that this indoleamine is present in both the normal and colon cancer at similar levels. Therefore, we analyzed MT1, MT2, and RORα expression in tumor samples versus normal mucosa (NM) from patients suffering from colorectal cancer (CRC). Given the existence of sex differences in the incidence and pathology of CRC and the involvement of steroid receptors in the oncostatic actions of melatonin in some types of cancer, we also analyzed the expression of androgen (AR) and estrogen receptor (ER) α and ERβ. Finally, we conducted some experiments in colon cancer cell lines to corroborate the experiments carried out in human tumors. We found a decreased expression of MT1, MT2, AR, ERα, and ERβ in tumor samples versus NM, but no changes in RORα expression in the whole cohort of patients. Classifying tumors by stage and gender, MT1, MT2, AR, ERα, and ERβ expression decreased in both early stage and advanced tumors, but only in male patients. On the other hand, MT1 and MT2 expression correlated positively with AR, ERα, and ERβ expression in male patients and with ERα or ERβ in female patients. In vitro, the invasive capacity was higher in cells with the least expression of MT1, MT2, and AR, and nonselective MT1/MT2 agonists inhibited cell growth and invasion. These results could indicate a possible interaction of these pathways. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optimizing Selection of Technologies in a Multiple Stage, Multiple Objective Wastewater Treatment System
Authors: Tarun Prashant K. , Chen Victoria C. P. , Corley H. W. , Jiang F. 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTIn this paper, a multiple stage wastewater treatment system (WTS) is solved for the selection of technological options at each stage to minimize (economic cost, size, odour emissions) and to maximize (nutrient recovery, robustness, global desirability). Stages in the wastewater treatment system are the levels of treatment. There are 17 levels of treatment, where the first 11 levels are for the liquid treatment and the last 6 levels are for the solid treatment. This results in a 20‐dimensional, continuous‐state, 17‐stage, 6‐objective, stochastic optimization problem. The resulting multiple stage, multiple objective (MSMO) WTS is solved using the three‐phase methodology in conjunction with the multiple objective version of high‐dimensional, continuous‐state, stochastic dynamic programming (SDP). The three‐phase methodology comprises the input phase, the matrix generation phase and the weighting phase. The primary goal of three‐phase methodology is to obtain weight vectors at each stage of the WTS utilizing expert's opinions in the input phase, computing pairwise comparison matrices at each stage using the geometric mean‐based methods in the matrix generation phase, and then calculating weight vectors at each stage using the eigenvector method in the weighting phase. The weight vectors are then used to scalarize the vector optimization problem, which is solved using the high‐dimensional, continuous‐state SDP augmented for handling multiple objectives at each stage.The results obtained are practical as evidenced by the selection of new technologies in levels 1 and 5 thereby validating expert's decision to include them in the evaluation process. In addition to encouraging reviews from WTS experts, the implementation results satisfy a set of external constraints in the form of interstage dependencies between technological options in the WTS. Furthermore, the solution technique presented here utilizes expert's opinions in the solution development process, and is quite general in its application to a variety of large‐scale MSMO problems. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gel‐based phosphoproteomics analysis of sarcoplasmic proteins in postmortem porcine muscle with pH decline rate and time differences
Authors: Huang Honggang , Larsen Martin R. , Karlsson Anders H. , Pomponio Luigi , Costa Leonardo Nanni , Lametsch René 
Published: August 2011

AbstractMeat quality development is highly influenced by the pH decline caused by the postmortem (PM) glycolysis. Protein phosphorylation is an important mechanism in regulating the activity of glycometabolic enzymes. Here, a gel‐based phosphoproteomic study was performed to analyze the protein phosphorylation in sarcoplasmic proteins from three groups of pigs with different pH decline rates from PM 1 to 24 h. Globally, the fast pH decline group had the highest phosphorylation level at PM 1 h, but lowest at 24 h, whereas the slow pH decline group showed the reverse case. The same pattern was also observed in most individual bands in 1‐DE. The protein phosphorylation levels of 12 bands were significantly affected by the synergy effects of pH and time (p<0.05). Protein identification revealed that most of the phosphoproteins were glycometabolism‐related enzymes, and the others were involved in stress response, phosphocreatine metabolism, and other functions. The phosphorylation of pyruvate kinase and triosephosphate isomerase‐1 showed to be related to PM muscle pH decline rate. Our work sheds light on the potential role of protein phosphorylation on regulating meat quality development.
Effect of Plasma Treatments of Bisphenol A Polycarbonate on the Characteristics of Carbon Materials Obtained by Further Pyrolysis
Authors: Méndez‐Liñán Laura , Pérez‐Mendoza Manuel , Paredes J. Ignacio , Martínez‐Alonso Amelia , Tascón J. Manuel D. , Domingo‐García María , López‐Garzón F. Javier 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis paper deals with the effect that microwave plasma treatments of Bisphenol A Polycarbonate (PC) have on the textural characteristics of carbon materials obtained by further pyrolysis. The plasma pre‐treated PC, once it has been pyrolysed, results in carbons with largely increased nitrogen surface areas (SBET, from 22 m2 g−1, for the untreated pyrolysed PC, to 323–388 m2 g−1 for the carbons obtained from modified PC). This can be explained by the matter removed by gasification during the plasma treatments; otherwise carbon deposits are produced in the pyrolysis that partially block the microporous network. Once the volatile products have been eliminated, the surface areas of the pyrolysed materials greatly increase.magnified image
Continuous Wave Laser Irradiation of Explosives
Authors: McGrane Shawn D. , Moore David S. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractQuantitative measurements of the levels of continuous wave (CW) laser light that can be safely applied to bare explosives during contact operations were obtained at 532 nm, 785 nm, and 1550 nm wavelengths. A thermal camera was used to record the temperature of explosive pressed pellets and single crystals while they were irradiated using a measured laser power and laser spot size. A visible light image of the sample surface was obtained before and after the laser irradiation. Laser irradiation thresholds were obtained for the onset of any visible change to the explosive sample and for the onset of any visible chemical reaction. Deflagration to detonation transitions were not observed using any of these CW laser wavelengths on single crystals or pressed pellets in the unconfined geometry tested. Except for the photochemistry of DAAF, TATB and PBX 9502, all reactions appeared to be thermal using a 532 nm wavelength laser. For a 1550 nm wavelength laser, no photochemistry was evident, but the laser power thresholds for thermal damage in some of the materials were significantly lower than for the 532 nm laser wavelength. No reactions were observed in any of the studied explosives using the available 300 mW laser at 785 nm wavelength. Tables of laser irradiance damage and reaction thresholds are presented for pressed pellets of PBX9501, PBX9502, Composition B, HMX, TATB, RDX, DAAF, PETN, and TNT and single crystals of RDX, HMX, and PETN for each of the laser wavelengths.
Castration resistant prostate cancer is associated with increased blood vessel stabilization and elevated levels of VEGF and Ang‐2
Authors: Tomić Tajana Tešan , Gustavsson Heléne , Wang Wanzhong , Jennbacken Karin , Welén Karin , Damber Jan‐Erik 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBACKGROUNDAngiogenesis is important for the progression of prostate cancer and may be a target for treatment in castration resistant (CR) disease. This study was performed to investigate blood vessel stabilization and expression of the pro‐angiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Angiopoietin‐2 (Ang‐2) in CR and hormone naïve (HN) prostate cancer. The effect of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) on these parameters was also studied.METHODSVEGF and Ang‐2, as well as pericyte coverage of blood vessels were studied in HN and CR prostate tumors by immunohistochemistry. The effects of ADT on VEGF expression and microvessel density (MVD) were investigated in biopsies at diagnosis, 3 months after starting ADT and at tumor relapse. Plasma was also analyzed for VEGF and Ang‐2 with ELISA.RESULTSCR tumors had higher levels of VEGF and Ang‐2 as well as increased blood vessel stabilization compared to HN tumors. Three months after initiated ADT an increase of VEGF but not MVD in the tumors was observed. In contrast, plasma levels of VEGF decreased after ADT, and increased again at time of tumor relapse. Ang‐2 levels were unaffected.CONCLUSIONSCR prostate cancer is associated with elevated levels of VEGF and Ang‐2, indicating that these factors could be used as targets for anti‐angiogenic treatment. Still, the observed increase in blood vessel stabilization in CR tumors could influence the outcome of anti‐angiogenic treatment. Furthermore, increased VEGF expression after 3 months of ADT justifies the use of VEGF‐based anti‐angiogenic drugs in combination with ADT for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. Prostate 72:705–712, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and diuretic activities of pseudoproline‐containing analogues of the insect kinin core pentapeptide
Authors: Zhang Bo , Gong Junbin , Yang Yinliang , Dong Shouliang 
Published: August 2011

AbstractC‐2 dimethylated/unmethylated thiazolidine‐4‐carboxylic acid and C‐2 dimethylated oxazolidine‐4‐carboxylic acid were introduced into the insect kinin core pentapeptide in place of Pro3, yielding three new analogues. NMR analysis revealed that the peptide bond of Phe2‐pseudoproline (ΨPro)3 is practically 100% in cis conformation in the case of dimethylated pseudoproline‐containing analogues, about 50% cis for the thiazolidine‐4‐carboxylic acid analogue and about 33% cis for the parent Pro3 peptide. The diuretic activities are consistent with the population of cis conformation of the Phe2‐ΨPro3/Pro3 peptide bonds, and the results confirm a cis Phe‐Pro bond as bioactive conformation. Copyright © 2011 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An investigation of rotational influences on tropical‐cyclone size and intensity
Authors: Smith Roger K. , Schmidt Christoph W. , Montgomery Michael T. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe investigate the rotational constraint on the intensity and size of a tropical cyclones using a minimal, three‐layer, axisymmetric tropical‐cyclone model. In the first of two sets of experiments, the same initial baroclinic vortex is spun up in a quiescent environment with different levels of background rotation, characterized by the Coriolis parameter, f. It is found that the strongest vortices, as characterized by their final intensity, develop in environments with intermediate background rotation. It is found also that there exists a similar optimum background rotation strength to obtain the largest storm as measured by the radius of gale‐force winds. These results appear to be in line with those of classical laboratory experiments by Turner and Lilly, an analogy that we explore in the present article. While the analogy is found to have certain limitations, including the fact that spin‐up of the maximum tangential winds in the inner‐core in the model takes place in the boundary layer, the study raises aspects of tropical‐cyclone dynamics that we believe to be of fundamental importance and require further investigation.As an aid to understanding the foregoing results, a second set of calculations is carried out with the vortex forced by a prescribed radial profile of diabatic heating rate typical of that in the first set and with other moist processes excluded. For this distribution of heating rate, there is no optimum background rotation rate for intensity within a realistic range of values for f, implying that the relationship between the forcing strength and rotation strength is an important additional constraint in tropical cyclones. However, in these experiments, there is an optimum latitude for size, comparable with that in the first set of experiments. An interpretation is offered for these findings. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Scanning of the internal structure part with laser ultrasonic in aviation industry
Authors: Swornowski Pawel J. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe detection of internal defects is a major production and safety issue for the newest generations of aircraft. New materials and manufacturing processes in the aircraft industry demand efficient quality assurance in manufacturing and inspection in maintenance. Advanced metallic material processes (titanium) are used or developed for the production of heavily loaded flying components (in fan blade construction). The inspection of these parts mainly made out of titanium (or CFRP) requires the determination of the percentage of bonded grain sizes around 10–30 µm. This is primarily due to the advantages of a high signal‐to‐noise ratio and good detection sensitivity. In this article, a diagnosing method of the blade interior by means of the laser ultrasonic is presented. Identification of small fatigue cracks presents a challenging problem during nondestructive testing of fatigue‐damaged structures. Laser ultrasonic is a technique that uses two laser beams; one with a short pulse for the generation of ultrasound and another with a long pulse or continuous coupled to an optical interferometer for detection. The results of research of the internal blade structure are presented. SCANNING 33: 378–385, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Large Array of Sub‐10‐nm Single‐Grain Au Nanodots for use in Nanotechnology
Authors: Clément Nicolas , Patriarche Gilles , Smaali Kacem , Vaurette François , Nishiguchi Katsuhiko , Troadec David , Fujiwara Akira , Vuillaume Dominique 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA uniform array of single‐grain Au nanodots, as small as 5–8 nm, can be formed on silicon using e‐beam lithography. The as‐fabricated nanodots are amorphous, and thermal annealing converts them to pure Au single crystals covered with a thin SiO2 layer. These findings are based on physical measurements, such as atomic force microscopy (AFM), atomic‐resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy, and chemical techniques using energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. A self‐assembled organic monolayer is grafted on the nanodots and characterized chemically with nanometric lateral resolution. The extended uniform array of nanodots is used as a new test‐bed for molecular electronic devices.
Biaxial Low Cycle Fatigue Behavior and Martensite Formation of a Metastable Austenitic Cast TRIP Steel Under Proportional Loading
Authors: Kulawinski D. , Ackermann S. , Glage A. , Henkel S. , Biermann H. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn this paper the biaxial low cycle fatigue behavior under proportional loading of a recently developed metastable austenitic stainless cast steel is presented. Total strain controlled tests were carried out on a 250 kN biaxial servohydraulic tension‐compression testing machine equipped with a biaxial orthogonal extensometer to measure the principal strains in the gauge area of the used cruciform specimens. The principal stresses were determined based on the compliance after the load reversals. The low cycle fatigue behavior under biaxial synchronous loading is compared to the uniaxial behavior. Therefore, biaxial single step tests and a biaxial multiple step load increase test were carried out. The dependence of the stress state on the cyclic deformation curves, cyclic stress‐strain curves and the formation of martensite are described. Finally, the fatigue life relationship according to Basquin and Manson‐Coffin was determined and compared to the Smith, Watson and Topper damage parameter, which provides a satisfactory fatigue life prediction.
Microwave assisted synthesis and characterization of Sago starch‐g‐acrylamide
Authors: Singh Akhilesh V. , Nath Lila K. , Guha Manisha 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn the present investigation, sago starch was modified through microwave assisted chemical synthesis using acrylamide as grafting monomer. Grafted copolymer was characterized by fourier transform infra red spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray powder diffractometer (XRD) and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). Swelling study was also performed at various temperatures to access its suitability in diverse industrial application. The optimum reaction conditions were found as follows: starch, 1 g; acrylamide (AMD), 5 g; microwave power, 600 W, reaction time, 3 h. Grafting on the starch backbone confirmed by FTIR spectral analysis, while XRD confirmed formation of more crystalline structure after AMD grafting. TGA analysis showed formation of more thermostable copolymer after grafting, while swelling study proved its suitability for various industrial applications due to its extensive swelling at higher temperatures.
Programming in R
Authors: Horgan Jane M. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractR programming is now a major resource for statistical analysis, research, and teaching and has an impressive suite of applications and packages. In this article, we introduce the basic features of the language including data entry, data description, graphical procedures, writing simple programs, and simulation. It is not the intention to provide an exhaustive list of features of the language, just enough to give a flavor of the structure of R, and how to get help to proceed further. WIREs Comp Stat 2012, 4:75–84. doi: 10.1002/wics.183This article is categorized under:

Software for Computational Statistics > Software/Statistical Software
Diagnosis, etiology, and outcome of fetal ascites in a South African hospital
Authors: Boutall Alison , Urban Michael F. , Stewart Chantal 
Published: August 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the etiology and outcome of fetal ascites in a hospital in a low‐resource country.MethodData were reviewed for patients with fetal ascites who attended Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa, from 1 January, 2006, to 31 December, 2009.ResultsThere were 50 cases of fetal ascites. Prenatal investigations included detailed ultrasonography, Doppler studies, TORCH screening and chromosome analysis if amniocentesis was accepted by the patient. The underlying cause was diagnosed prenatally for 41 (82%) cases. The following etiologies were documented: secondary to a genetic cause (n = 10); structural fetal abnormality (n = 20); congenital syphilis (n = 4) or other infection (n = 3); fetal environment (n = 3); placenta (n = 3); and unknown origin (n = 7). The perinatal mortality was 72%. Factors predicting a poor prognosis included multiple abnormalities (100% fetal loss), cardiac anomalies (91% loss), hydrops fetalis (80% loss), and infection (71% loss). Ascites of unknown origin and ascites secondary to renal causes had the best prognosis (perinatal loss of 17% and 25%, respectively).ConclusionThe cause, and therefore the prognosis, was identified in 82% of cases of fetal ascites. The prognosis for prenatally diagnosed ascites was poor; however, a few patients did well, which has important implications for genetic counseling.
ON A PROBLEM OF BERNIK, KLEINBOCK AND MARGULIS
Authors: BUDARINA NATALIA 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn this paper, the Khintchine-type theorems of Beresnevich (Acta Arith.90(1999), 97) and Bernik (Acta Arith.53(1989), 17) for polynomials are generalised to incorporate a natural restriction on derivatives. This represents the first attempt to solve a problem posed by Bernik, Kleinbock and Margulis (Int. Math. Res. Notices2001(9) (2001), 453). More specifically, the main result provides a probabilistic criterion for the solvability of the system of inequalities |P(x)| < Ψ1(H) and |P′(x)| < Ψ2(H) in integral polynomialsPof degree ≤nand heightH, where Ψ1and Ψ2are fairly general error functions. The proof builds upon Sprindzuk's method of essential and inessential domains and the recent ideas of Beresnevich, Bernik and Götze (Compositio Math.146(2010), 1165) concerning the distribution of algebraic numbers.
The Geographic Mobility of Elderly Canadians
Authors: Northcott Herbert C. , Petruik Courtney R. 
Published: August 2011

RÉSUMÉLa monographieChanging Residence: The Geographic Mobility of Elderly Canadians(Northcott, 1988) a examiné les travaux de recherche qui avaient été fait vers le milieu des années mi-1980 sur la mobilité géographique des personnes âgées au Canada et ailleurs. Le but de cet article est de fournir une mise à jour et une vue d’ensemble des développements dans l’étude de la mobilité géographique des personnes âgées, depuis le milieu des années 1980, avec un accent particulier sur le Canada. Dans cette revue, tout d’abord nous examinons le progrès au cours des derniers 25 ans dans la recherche sur la mobilité géographique des personnes âgées et se concentrons sur trois thèmes : le deplacement et la concentration géographique des personnes âgées, la migration saisonnière « retraités migrateurs » et les migrations internationales. Deuxièmement, nous évaluons l’état actuel de la recherche sur la migration des personnes âgées au Canada. Enfin, nous identifions les défis futurs et des questions sans réponses et offrons des suggestions pour la recherche du futur.
SHEEP GERM PLASM IN ETHIOPIA
Authors: Galall E.S.E. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYFour of the many Ethiopian sheep breeds are described. These four breeds have evolved in different ecological zones, the Adal and the Somali Blackhead breeds in the lowland up to an altitude of 1100 m, the Horro in the middle altitude from 1400 to 2000 m, and the Menz in altitudes higher than 2500 m. Available estimates on their performance are reported.
CATTLE BREED EVALUATION STUDIES BY THE INTERNATIONAL LIVESTOCK CENTRE FOR AFRICA (ILCA)
Authors: Trail J.C.M. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYThis note describes work being carried out by ILCA on evaluation of the productivity of N'Dama, Sahiwal and Boran cattle breeds. Indications of the potential of the N'Dama to increase output from areas of trypanosomiasis risk has led to studies throughout West and Central Africa concerned with aspects of trypanotolerant livestock. Studies on the Sahiwal and many different crosses between Sahiwal and Ayrshires under a range of production systems have allowed suggestions to be made on achieving and maintaining optimal contributions from the Sahiwal breed. Similar ongoing studies on the Boran breed are described.
LES PARCS NATURELS DE FRANCE ET LA CONSERVATION GENETIOUE ANIMALE
Authors: Audiot Annick 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYNational and Regional Parks in France are cooperating in the conservation of rare livestock breeds as follows:ParkVolcans d'AuvergneCévennesLandes de GascogneMarais PoitevinLuberonBreedFerrandaise cattleRaïole sheepLandais sheepPoitou assRove goat