bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Prospective, Randomized, Double-blinded Study on the Comparison of Propofol and Ketofol (Combination of Ketamine and Propofol) for Modified Electroconvulsive Therapy
Authors: Mathur Veena , Kumar Sunil , Verma Anand K. , Garg Deepak K. , Khare Arvind 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and Aims:
Modified electroconvulsive therapy is routinely used to treat complicated psychiatric disorders. Its therapeutic effect is directly proportional to induced seizure duration but it is associated with hemodynamic disturbances. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a ketamine + propofol combination (“ketofol”) for electroconvulsive therapy and to compare these with the effects of propofol alone.

Methods:
In this prospective study, 60 patients aged 18–60 years with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Ι and ΙΙ for psychiatric disorders were included. Patients were divided into two groups (30 each). Group P received propofol at 10 mg/ml and group K received ketofo at 10 mg/ml (ketamine 5 mg/ml and propofol 5 mg/ml in a 1:1 ratio). Motor/electroencephalography (EEG) seizure duration, induction time, hemodynamic variables, recovery time, agitation score, and complications were recorded. Standard qualitative and quantitative tests were used to compare the data (e.g., unpaired student t-test, Chi-squared test, etc). A P value of < 0.05 was considered to be significant.

Results:
The mean duration of (motor/EEG) seizure was statistically significantly high in the ketofol group compared to the propofol group (P = 0.0001/0.0001). The mean induction time was significantly less in the ketofol group compared to propofol group (P = 0.0001). The recovery time was significantly early in group K patients compared to group P (P = 0.004). The ketofol group was more hemodynamically stable with comparable agitation score and side effects than patients in the propofol group.

Conclusion:
In modified ECT, ketofol was associated with longer seizure duration, lesser induction time, better hemodynamic stability, early recovery with comparable post ECT agitation and adverse effects compared to propofol alone.
Noncommunicable Disease Service Utilization from the Upgraded Primary Care Centers: A Cross-Sectional Study from Kerala, India
Authors: Mathew Resmi , Olickal Jeby J. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
World Health Organization recommends the integrated management of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in primary care. Hence, this study aimed to determine the NCD service utilization from an upgraded primary care center and to find the reasons for nonutilization.

Materials and Methods:
This community-based cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 387 individuals aged 30 years and above in a selected upgraded primary care center. A validated semistructured questionnaire was used. A log-binomial regression was done, and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) were calculated.

Results:
The prevalence of utilization of NCD services from upgraded primary care center was 55.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 50.2–60.3). The screening or treatment service utilization for hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases was reported to be 54% (95% CI 48.9–59.1), 37.5% (95% CI 32.6–42.5), and 7.2% (95% CI 4.9–1.3), respectively. The reasons for the nonutilization of services were preference for the private sector (35.3%), distance to the facility (27.2%), and lack of awareness regarding the amenities at family health centers (11.3%). The younger age (aPR = 1.70, 95% CI 1.29–2.23, P = 0.033), unemployment (aPR = 1.46, 95% CI 1.01–2.10, P = 0.043), and social class (aPR = 1.62, 95% CI 1.16–2.26, P = 0.004) were significantly associated with NCD service nonutilization. The willingness to avail of NCD services among nonutilizers was 46.8% and salaried individuals had a high chance of unwillingness (aPR = 5.01, 95% CI 1.69–14.78, P = 0.003) compared to daily waged workers.

Conclusion:
Nearly half of the participants were not utilized upgraded primary care centers for NCD care. Strengthening outreach services and improving awareness among beneficiaries may improve the utilization in the community.
Use of Abortion Pills as a Family Planning Method among Women Living in Urban Slum of North India – A Mixed-Method Study
Authors: Rani Manju , Bairwa Mohan , Sharma Nitika , Jaswal Nidhi , Kumar Rajesh 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Unsafe abortions account for about 5% maternal deaths in India. A very small proportion of induced abortions takes place at registered facilities, and many women prefer taking abortion pills as a method of contraception. The current study was planned to explore the factors related to use of abortion pills and knowledge about various contraceptives among slum-dwelling women.

Materials and Methods:
A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out in the urban slum area catered by a public health dispensary for 2 months among 22 females. Data collection was performed using a semistructured interview schedule for quantitative data, and focused group discussion (FGD) was performed for qualitative data collection. Thematic data analysis was performed for FGD. Themes pertaining to knowledge, ease of use, and source and side effects of abortion pills, knowledge, use, and fears/myths for modern contraceptive methods were identified.

Results:
A total of 35 unwanted pregnancies were reported by 22 women study participants, out of which only three were continued. Most study participants came to know about abortion pills from their neighborhood friends or maternal relatives such as sisters, and 90% of them preferred either chemists or local private practitioners for getting abortion pills. Fears and myths for modern contraceptive methods, their non-regular supply, and easy availability of abortion pills were the main reason for their use.

Conclusion:
The study highlights women’s perspective of using abortion pills over modern contraceptive methods as a method to limit their family size or for spacing and highlights the lack of family planning counseling. Such a situation calls for enhanced counseling services for modern contraceptive methods and health promotion programs to alleviate fears about contraceptive methods.
Prevalence of Noncommunicable Diseases in Urban Slum and Risk Factors Associated with it: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kajal Srivastava , Borgaonkar Chaitali , Ghonge Swati , Rathod Hetal K. , Sujanyal Saurabh Ashok , Akhil R 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
A community-based cross-sectional study was planned in urban slum area of a city to study risk factors of noncommunicable diseases.

Material and Methods:
WHO step protocol was used to assess the risk factors of noncommunicable diseases and data were entered in Google forms. In total, 1168 people participated in the study.

Results:
Eight hundred and forty people opted for random blood sugar test and only 569 people participated in physical examinations. A total of 3.5%, 2.7%, 0.5%, and 0.2% persons were found to be suffering from hypertension, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, and stroke, respectively. Smoking was found in 3.3% and alcohol in 4.3% individuals. In terms of physical activity, 56.8% males and 45.6% females were found to be physically active. Only 18.9% individuals were found to have blood pressure within normal range. Deranged random blood sugar, that is, >200 mg%, was found in 4.6% persons during time of survey.

Conclusion:
This study concludes increase in rapid industrialization and run for earning daily livelihood, putting people at risk of noncommunicable disease. People are not attentive about their health.
Atypical presentation of hydatid cyst with anchovy sauce liver aspirate
Authors: Ijarotimi Oluwasegun , Raheem Yusuf Abiola , Akinbolaji Akinkuolie Andrew , Adesegun Adetunji Tajudin , Adekanle Olusegun , Adekilekun Tijani Abdulhakeem , John Enesi Ibukunoluwa , Oluwarotimi Adeyemo Adedapo , Segun Oladimeji Emmanuel 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
Hydatid disease is a zoonotic parasitic infestation caused by cysts containing the larva stages of tapeworm of the genus Echinococcus. Cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis are the two most important forms in humans. CE accounts for 95% of human infection and is usually a clear fluid cystic disease with the liver being the most frequently affected organ. Other organs that could be affected include the lungs, muscles, bone, spleen, heart, and brain.

Case Presentation:
We report a case of a 53-year-old man who presented with 5-week history of cough, 2-week history of abdominal pain, and 1-day history of difficulty with breathing. Examination revealed a middle-aged man in respiratory distress with tender hepatomegaly and features of bilateral pleural effusion. An abdominal ultrasound scan revealed cysts in both lobes of the liver. He also had elevated liver enzymes as well as eosinophilia. The patient could not afford to do a serological test for hydatid cyst. The patient had percutaneous liver aspiration which revealed an anchovy paste aspirate. We initially entertained the possibility of an amoebic liver abscess for which he had antibiotics for one month without any improvement. We eventually considered hydatid cyst as our diagnosis, and he made a remarkable improvement after the commencement of a therapeutic trial of albendazole. Informed consent was obtained from the patient for this case report.

Conclusion:
Hydatid cysts should be strongly considered as part of the differential diagnosis when in contact with any patient with cystic liver disease irrespective of the color or appearance of the liver aspirate.
Impact of quadruple eradication therapy on the elements of the Sydney system in chronic Helicobacter pylori gastritis in Abidjan (Ivory Coast)
Authors: Stanislas Doffou Adjéka , Assi Constant , Illa Hamidine , Ndjitoyap Ndam Antonin Wilson , Demba Bangoura Aboubacar , Luc Nigue , Alain Attia Koffi 
Published: May 2024

Background:
The effect of eradicating Helicobacter pylori on the course of chronic gastritis (CG) is controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of H. pylori eradication treatment on CG.

Materials and Methods:
This was a retrospective (January 2016 to December 2018) multicenter study. All medical records of patients treated with a quadruple therapy to eradicate H. pylori who were confirmed with histology at least 4 weeks after the end of treatment were included. The evolution of the CG ratings after treatment was analyzed.

Results:
The records of 170 patients (male/female ratio 0.95, average age 49.3 ± 12.2 years) were included. Respectively, inflammation and H. pylori levels decreased (P < 0.001) in antrum (2.09 to 1.45; 1.95 to 0.63) and fundus (1.82 to 1.27; 1.76 to 0.55). Gastric atrophy levels regressed in antrum (0.28 to 0.18; P = 0.0655) and fundus (0.19 to 0.09; P = 0.0096) on sequential quadruple therapy (0.42 to 0.26; P = 0.2384), with bismuth (0.27 to 0.1l8; P = 0.6232) or with concomitant therapy for 14 days (0.20 to 0.13; P = 0.1288). Gastric intestinal metaplasia progressed in the antrum (0.05 to 0.06; P = 0.5930) and the fundus (0.02 to 0.03; P = 0.2568); in sequential quadruple therapy (0.04 to 0.07; P = 0.3173) and in bismuth therapy groups (0.04 to 0.09; P = 0.5637) even after eradication of H. pylori (0.03 to 0.09; P = 0.0455).

Conclusions:
The eradication treatment for H. pylori improved elements of the Sydney CG system except for intestinal metaplasia.
Perception of Resident Doctors towards Food Labelling: A Descriptive Study from India
Authors: Singh Shalini , Raj Ankit , Rathore Monika 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
Perception of front-of-package label (FOPL) amongst doctors is crucial to sensitise patients towards healthy eating choices using FOPL. This study was conducted to assess knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of FOPL amongst resident doctors.

Methods:
A descriptive study was carried out on 100 resident doctors at Sawai Man Singh Medical College during the period of September–November 2023. KAP regarding FOPL were assessed using validated questionnaire, scored and categorised as per Bloom’s criteria.

Results:
The study showed a mean KAP score of 8.17 ± 1.95 for the participants, out of maximum score of 15. Participants scored highest in the knowledge (4.07 ± 1.08) and lowest in the practice section (0.90 ± 1.16). Although 99% of respondents were aware about some labelling on packaged food items, only 23% of respondents were aware about FOPL. Majority of the respondents rarely or never read nutrition labels (87%) or compared nutritional content of two similar items before purchasing (89%). Sixty-two per cent of respondents considered nutrition labelling as a guarantee of food safety. ‘Multiple Traffic Light’ was the most preferred FOPL design (43%), followed by ‘Health Star Rating’ (21%).

Conclusion:
There is low awareness of FOPL and a knowledge-behaviour gap amongst the residents. This gap needs to be addressed to ensure better patient counselling for healthy eating choices.
Programmatic and Legal Preparedness of India on Early Childhood Development
Authors: Subrahmanian Prasanth , Singh Shilpa , Kothari Ashutosh 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Early childhood development (ECD) is the period of rapid and critical development that occurs from conception upto 6 to 8 years of age. During this time, children experience significant growth and changes in all areas of development, including physical, cognitive, linguistic and socio - emotional. A variety of factors can influence ECD, including genetics, environment and health. This presents a unique opportunity to invest in ECD and build a foundation for a prosperous and equitable future for the country. This review looked at the programmatic and legal preparedness of India in taking forward the agenda of ECD. A review of the laws and programs was undertaken to discern this objective. Besides desk review, interviews were conducted with programme officers handling child health at the central and state levels. Based on the direction for action given by the national health and other policies and several statutes, the central government has launched various programmes and schemes under various ministries within the overarching framework provided by the Constitution of India. There are 5 policies, 15 statutes/acts/laws and nearly 40 government schemes and programmes relating to children in India. The activities are majorly coordinated through Ministries of Woman and Child Development, Health and Family Welfare, Ministry of Education, Drinking Water and Sanitation and Tribal Affairs. Despite these efforts, there is still a significant gap between the demand and supply for ECD services.
Operationalising ‘One Health’ through Primary Healthcare Approach
Authors: Mahajan Swati , Khan Zuha , Giri Prajna Paramita , Linda Angel Ivy , Kukreti Aditya , Tondak Navya , Krishnan Nivethitha N. , Lahariya Anita Upadhyay 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The countries worldwide have recognised the importance of the One Health (OH). This review examines the need and potential for the integration of OH into Primary Health Care (PHC) Approach. One Health through PHC has been implemented in many. Successful initiatives include mobile phone-based surveillance for zoonotic diseases in Kenya, innovative vaccination campaigns in Chad and measures to combat antimicrobial resistance in several nations. Collaboration and partnerships play a pivotal role in overcoming challenges such as resource constraints, policy alignment and limited intersectoral collaboration. The review emphasises integrating OH in primary healthcare so that the healthcare providers can contribute to addressing complex global health challenges and promoting the well-being of individuals, animals and the environment. The sustainable strategies, capacity building, advocacy and technological innovations to effectively implement the OH approach through PHC, ultimately improving health outcomes and ensuring a sustainable planet.
Hilbert direct integrals of monotone operators
Authors: Bùi Minh N. , Combettes Patrick L. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Finite Cartesian products of operators play a central role in monotone operator theory and its applications. Extending such products to arbitrary families of operators acting on different Hilbert spaces is an open problem, which we address by introducing the Hilbert direct integral of a family of monotone operators. The properties of this construct are studied, and conditions under which the direct integral inherits the properties of the factor operators are provided. The question of determining whether the Hilbert direct integral of a family of subdifferentials of convex functions is itself a subdifferential leads us to introducing the Hilbert direct integral of a family of functions. We establish explicit expressions for evaluating the Legendre conjugate, subdifferential, recession function, Moreau envelope, and proximity operator of such integrals. Next, we propose a duality framework for monotone inclusion problems involving integrals of linearly composed monotone operators and show its pertinence toward the development of numerical solution methods. Applications to inclusion and variational problems are discussed.
Perempuan Sebagai Agen Perubahan Sosial: Membaca Keluaran 1:8-2:10 Dari Perspektif Hermeneutik Postcolonial Feminis
Authors: Mariance Mariance 
Published: May 2024

Tulisan ini hendak membaca Keluaran 1:8-2:10 dari perspektif postcolonial feminist dengan menyoroti peran para perempuan dalam teks tersebut yang memiliki kemampuan sebagai agen perubahan sosial. Ketidakadilan dan diskriminasi yang dialami oleh perempuan telah berlangsung lama karena adanya pengaruh budaya patriarki dan kyriarki yang masih melekat dalam masyarakat. Ketidakadilan dan diskriminasi memberikan dampak negatif terhadap perempuan, yaitu kerugian fisik, ekonomi, psikis dan kemajuan masyarakat secara menyeluruh. Dari hal tersebut ketidakadilan dan diskriminasi yang dialami oleh perempuan perlu dilawan. Salah satu upaya untuk melawannya dengan menunjukkan peran penting perempuan sebagai agen perubahan sosial. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kepustakaan. Dalam membaca Keluaran 1:8-2:10 menggunakan hermeneutic postcolonial feminis dengan membawa pengalaman-pengalaman perempuan dalam kehidupan saat ini untuk mengeluarkan pesan-pesan dalam teks Alkitab. Para perempuan yang memiliki peran sebagai agen perubahan sosial, yaitu perempuan Lewi, Kakak perempuan dari bayi laki-laki, Sifra, Pua, Putri Firaun dan para dayang-dayangnya. Terdapat tiga hal yang dilakukan oleh para perempuan sebagai agen perubahan sosial: (1) pertarungan dua perempuan melawan penindasan; (2) keberanian sebagai kunci memperjuangkan hak untuk hidup; (3) penawar ide brilian.
Luehea Willdenow (Malvaceae, Grewioideae, Grewieae) na Amazônia brasileira
Authors: Secco Ricardo De S. , Sousa Julio Santos , Santos Anderson M. , Gurgel Ely S. C. , Santos João U. M. 
Published: May 2024

Propõe-se um estudo taxonômico das espécies de Luehea ocorrentes nos estados da Amazônia brasileira. Foram tratadas seis espécies: Luehea candicans, L. cymulosa, L. divaricata, L. grandiflora, L. paniculata e L. speciosa. Novas ocorrências foram registradas nos seguintes estados brasileiros: Maranhão (L. cymulosa); Tocantins (L. divaricata); Acre (L. grandiflora) e Amapá (L. paniculata). Descrições, comentários sobre as afinidades interespecíficas, ilustrações e uma chave de identificação são apresentados.
Crystallization of FeC Iron Monocarbide During Peritectoidal Transformation of the Lamellar Eutectoid of Ledeburite White Eutectic Cast Iron
Authors: Davydov Sergey Vasilyevich 
Published: May 2024

The previously unknown process of homogeneous and heterogeneous crystallization of FeC iron monocarbide and its co-crystallizations with ε-carbide Fe2C from a supersaturated solid solution based on ε-carbide Fe2C or polycarbide quasi-eutectic formed in the process of peritectoid decomposition during prolonged heating (isothermal annealing) of the lamellar eutectoid ledeburite in cast eutectic white iron has been investigated. Crystallization of 2D monolayers of FeC monocarbide allotropes in the form of translucent extended and elastic crystalline nanofilms has been experimentally proved. The carbide phases in white cast iron can be characterized as a single isomorphic and isostructural quasi-carbide solid solution, which structurally crystallizes as a mixture of carbide phases as a quasi-eutectic, in which the carbon content is free to vary widely without indentification of the carbide phases proper. The decomposition product of the lamellar eutectoid as a result of peritectoid transformation during isothermal annealing is polycarbide with a gradient crystal lattice of solid solutions corresponding in carbon concentration to this or that carbide.

Received: 25 January 2024 | Revised: 10 April 2024 | Accepted: 10 May 2024

Conflicts of Interest
The author declares that he has no conflicts of interest to this work.

Data Availability Statement
Data available on request from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Author Contribution Statement
Sergey Vasilyevich Davydov: Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Data curation, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing, Visualization, Supervision, Project administration.
The 2019 Raikoke eruption as a testbed used by the Volcano Response group for rapid assessment of volcanic atmospheric impacts
Authors: Vernier Jean-Paul , Aubry Thomas J. , Timmreck Claudia , Schmidt Anja , Clarisse Lieven , Prata Fred , Theys Nicolas , Prata Andrew T. , Mann Graham , Choi Hyundeok , Carn Simon , Rigby Richard , Loughlin Susan C. , Stevenson John A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract. ​​​​​​​The 21 June 2019 Raikoke eruption (48° N, 153° E) generated one of the largest amounts of sulfur emission to the stratosphere since the 1991 Mt. Pinatubo eruption. Satellite measurements indicate a consensus best estimate of 1.5 Tg for the sulfur dioxide (SO2) injected at an altitude of around 14–15 km. The peak Northern Hemisphere (NH) mean 525 nm stratospheric aerosol optical depth (SAOD) increased to 0.025, a factor of 3 higher than background levels. The Volcano Response (VolRes) initiative provided a platform for the community to share information about this eruption which significantly enhanced coordination efforts in the days after the eruption. A multi-platform satellite observation subgroup formed to prepare an initial report to present eruption parameters including SO2 emissions and their vertical distribution for the modeling community. It allowed us to make the first estimate of what would be the peak in SAOD 1 week after the eruption using a simple volcanic aerosol model. In this retrospective analysis, we show that revised volcanic SO2 injection profiles yield a higher peak injection of the SO2 mass. This highlights difficulties in accurately representing the vertical distribution for moderate SO2 explosive eruptions in the lowermost stratosphere due to limited vertical sensitivity of the current satellite sensors (±2 km accuracy) and low horizontal resolution of lidar observations. We also show that the SO2 lifetime initially assumed in the simple aerosol model was overestimated by 66 %, pointing to challenges for simple models to capture how the life cycle of volcanic gases and aerosols depends on the SO2 injection magnitude, latitude, and height. Using a revised injection profile, modeling results indicate a peak NH monthly mean SAOD at 525 nm of 0.024, in excellent agreement with observations, associated with a global monthly mean radiative forcing of −0.17 W m−2 resulting in an annual global mean surface temperature anomaly of −0.028 K. Given the relatively small magnitude of the forcing, it is unlikely that the surface response can be dissociated from surface temperature variability.