bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Type 2 transglutaminase in Huntington’s disease: a double‐edged sword with clinical potential
Authors: Mastroberardino P. G. , Piacentini M. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Mastroberardino PG, Piacentini M (Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, and National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS ‘Lazzaro Spallanzani’, Rome, Italy) Type 2 transglutaminase in Huntington’s disease: a double‐edged sword with clinical potential (Review‐Symposium).J Intern Med2010;268: 419–431.Huntington’s disease (HD) is a dominant genetic neurodegenerative disorder. The pathology affects principally neurons in the basal ganglia circuits and terminates invariably in death. There is compelling necessity for safe and effective therapeutic strategies to arrest, or even retard the progression of the pathogenesis. Recent findings indicate the autophagy‐lysosome systems as appealing targets for pharmacological intervention. Autophagy exerts a critical role in controlling neuronal protein homeostasis, which is perturbed in HD, and is compromised in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases. Type 2 transglutaminase (TG2) plays an important role both in apoptosis and autophagy regulation, and accumulates at high levels in cells under stressful conditions. TG2 inhibition, achieved either via drug treatments or genetic approaches, has been shown to be beneficial for the treatment of HD in animal models. In this review we will discuss the relevance of TG2 to the pathogenesis of HD, in an effort to define novel therapeutic avenues.
Current and potential geographical distribution of the invasive plant Parthenium hysterophorus (Asteraceae) in eastern and southern Africa
Authors: MCCONNACHIE A J , STRATHIE L W , MERSIE W , GEBREHIWOT L , ZEWDIE K , ABDUREHIM A , ABRHA B , ARAYA T , ASAREGEW F , ASSEFA F , GEBRE‐TSADIK R , NIGATU L , TADESSE B , TANA T 
Published: August 2010

McConnachie AJ, Strathie LW, Mersie W, Gebrehiwot L, Zewdie K, Abdurehim A, Abrha B, Araya T, Asaregew F, Assefa F, Gebre‐Tsadik R, Nigatu L, Tadesse B & Tana T (2011). Current and potential geographical distribution of the invasive plant Parthenium hysterophorus (Asteraceae) in eastern and southern Africa. Weed Research 51, 71–84.Summary Parthenium hysterophorus (Asteraceae), of South American origin, is considered to be one of the world’s most serious invasive plants, invading Australia, Asia and Africa. As part of an international collaborative project, this study attempted to improve the understanding of the geographical distribution of P. hysterophorus in eastern and southern Africa. The climate modelling program CLIMEX was used to assist in the selection of survey localities. Roadside surveys of the distribution of the weed were conducted in Botswana, Ethiopia, South Africa, Swaziland and Uganda. Prior to these surveys, only limited P. hysterophorus locality records existed; substantially more records were obtained from surveys. Most infestations were high density (>3 plants m−2). Distribution records were used to validate the CLIMEX model, which proved a useful tool. This study increased current understanding of the distribution of P. hysterophorus and developed a baseline from which to monitor future spread and abundance of P. hysterophorus. Additional surveys are required in other countries in Africa which are predicted by CLIMEX to be at risk. This will enhance integrated management decisions for the control of a weed which has implications for food security and human health.
Splenic autotransplantation reverses interferon‐gamma and nitric oxide production and resistance to Listeria monocytogenes in splenectomized mice
Authors: Perobelli S.M. , Alves C.C.S. , Rezende A.B. , Farias R.E. , Nunes S.I. , Teixeira H.C. 
Published: August 2010

S.M. Perobelli, C.C.S. Alves, A.B. Rezende, R.E. Farias, S.I. Nunes, H.C. Teixeira. Splenic autotransplantation reverses interferon‐gamma and nitric oxide production and resistance to Listeria monocytogenes in splenectomized mice. Transpl Infect Dis 2011: 13: 154–160. All rights reservedAbstract: Splenectomized mice control Listeria monocytogenes infection better than non‐splenectomized mice. Here, BALB/c mice subjected to splenectomy and autogenous grafting of spleen were evaluated after 3 and 7 days of intravenous L. monocytogenes infection. The group of splenectomized animals (SP) presented a lower number of bacteria in the liver in comparison with both the sham‐operated control group (CT) and the group that received splenic autotransplantation (AT) in the retroperitoneal site. The AT  group presented bacterial counts in the liver similar to the CT  group. SP animals showed larger production of interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) and nitric oxide (NO) in the liver in comparison with CT  and AT, this being associated with greater accumulation of mononuclear cells. IFN‐γ production by spleen cells after stimulation with heat‐killed Listeria was similar between the AT and CT  groups, suggesting that the implanted fragments behaved like the original organ. The autogenous grafting of spleen fragments reverses the resistance to L. monocytogenes infection found in splenectomized mice, associated with a reduced IFN‐γ and NO production in the liver. The present study shows that splenic autotransplantation restores the function of the spleen in splenectomized mice, even though in this case it does favor the susceptibility to L. monocytogenes infection.
Gross Anatomy and Ultrasonographic Images of the Reproductive System of the Malayan Tapir (Tapirus indicus)
Authors: Lilia K. , Rosnina Y. , Abd Wahid H. , Zahari Z. Z. , Abraham M. 
Published: August 2010

With 4 figuresSummaryThe Malayan tapir (Tapirus indicus) is the largest among the four tapir species and is listed as an endangered species. Ultrasound examination and description of the external anatomy of the female reproductive system of three adult females were performed, whereas the internal anatomy was investigated in necropsied samples of four adult females and one subadult female. Descriptions of the male external genitalia were conducted on one adult male. Gross examination revealed the presence of a bicornuate uterus. The uterine cervix is firm and muscular with projections towards its lumen, which is also evident on ultrasonography. The elongated and relatively small ovaries, which have a smooth surface, could not be imaged on ultrasonography, due to their anatomical position. The testes are located inside a slightly pendulous scrotum that is sparsely covered with soft, short hairs. The penis has one dorsal and two lateral penile projections just proximal to the glans penis.
Role of research in occupational therapy clinical practice: Applying action learning and action research in pursuit of evidence‐based practice
Authors: Du Toit Sanet H. J. , Wilkinson Annette C. , Adam Kerry 
Published: August 2010

Background:  In South Africa, as in many other countries, the development of research capacity in students and their early professional career is regarded as of major importance. Within the context of clinical education for occupational therapy students at the University of the Free State, a lecturer and her students embarked on a collaborative journey while fulfilling the requirements of their undergraduate curriculum. The outcome is a model promoting evidence‐based practice (EBP) during service development on a dementia care ward. Methods:  The practical use of action learning, action research (ALAR) approach in the clinical context, was used to encourage student engagement in successive small‐scale research projects while simulating EBP. The projects ranged from the development of therapeutic multi‐sensory environments to compiling activity profiles for identified residents. At the same time, students had the opportunity to experience the value of a scientific approach to practice development, which stimulated their awareness of the importance of research. Results:  Reflection by the researcher contributed towards more effective ways for compiling project assignments and a formalised approach for assessing projects. Students described personal and professional gains because of participation in projects against the life‐changing experience of rendering a service to elderly persons suffering from dementia. The formalised approach guiding thoughts and actions finally assisted in developing a practical process model that could support EBP. Conclusions:  The ALAR model contributed towards a scholarship of practice where the students, clinical educator and residents of a dementia unit all experienced the value of research.
The Outcome of Continuing Pregnancies Complicated by Threatened Abortion
Authors: Correy J. F. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA series of 524 continuing pregnancies complicated by bleeding prior to the 16th week of gestation was analysed. In 93%, the length of gestation was at least 38 weeks. The incidence of congenital anomalies in the threatened abortion group was 1.9% as against 0.9% in the control group (p < 0.05). The only increase in obstetrical complication of any significance was that of placenta praevia — 1.3% as against 0.5% (p < 0.02).
Genetic Amniocentesis and Follow‐Up Study of the Infants: A Japanese Collaborative Work
Authors: Sugawa Tadashi , Ogita Sachio , Matsumoto Masahiko , Yagami Yoshiaki , Suzumori Kaoru , Kitagawa Teruo , Tada Keiya , Jinbo Toshiharu 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPrenatal diagnosis of genetic disease in Japan today, as of the end of 1978, and results of a follow‐up study of infants born after genetic amniocentesis are reported.Of the 585 amniocentesis in 523 women, 568 cases contributed data for the results of their analysis. A previous history of pregnancy with Down's syndrome was a major indication in these 585 cases (59.5%); other indications included advanced maternal age 69 cases (11.8%), and metabolic disorder 56 cases (9.6%).Fetal loss occurred in a total 12 out of 542 cases (2.2%). Ten of these fetal losses occurred during the mid‐trimester. No increase in perinatal mortality, perinatal morbidity or retardation of physical and mental development as a consequence of amniocentesis was observed.Erroneous diagnosis was attested in 7 out of 568 cases (1.2%). Test accuracy was thus demonstrated at 98.8%.
Adjunctive Use of Laminaria Tents for Termination of Early Mid‐Trimester Pregnancy with Intramuscular 15(S) ‐ 15‐ Methyl PGF2 alpha
Authors: Chowdhury N.N. Roy , Bulusu Ratna 
Published: August 2010

AbstractForty‐five patients with gestational age between 12–16 weeks treated with insertion of Laminaria tents followed 14 hours later by serial intramuscular injections of 15‐methyl PGF2 alpha had a mean abortion time of 10.49 ± 0.94 hours and percentage effectiveness of 97.78% within 20 hours. Except for one case of cervical laceration, no other complications occurred. Tents reduce the drug‐abortion interval and improve the cumulative success rate. A close relationship between degree of difficulty at removal of the tents and the mean abortion interval was noted.
Diagnostic Gynecologic Laparoscopy —Analysis of 1226 cases—
Authors: Punnonen Reijo 
Published: August 2010

AbstractDuring the period 1971–1980 a total of 1226 diagnostic laparoscopies were performed at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Turku University Central Hospital. In 591 patients the indication for laparoscopy was chronic pelvic pain. The most common pathology in these patients was endometriosis (36 per cent). Adhesions and pelvic varicosis were the next most common findings. In 197 patients (33 per cent) no pathology was found in laparoscopic examination. Endometriosis and adhesions were also the most common finding in the 288 infertile patients; 43 per cent of the 55 infertile patients with a normal HSG showed pathology in laparoscopy. Laparoscopy is also an important tool in the decision for or against tuboplasty. Suspected ectopic pregnancy was the indication for 182 patients. In 73 of the patients (40 per cent) the finding was a tubal pregnancy and in three cases an ovarian pregnancy was found.Other indications for diagnostic laparoscopy had been for example primary and secondary amenorrhoea, hirsutism and anomalies in the genital tract. Often laparoscopy can be both diagnostic and therapeutic.
Ectopic Pregnancy: A Clinical Review of 204 Cases
Authors: Smith David H. , Dalrymple Christopher , Grundzinskas Jurgis G. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA review of 204 consecutive patients with ectopic pregnancies admitted to a large general hospital showed an increasing incidence during the period 1974–1980. The most common clinical findings were abdominal pain, irregular vaginal bleeding and abdominal tenderness. Laparoscopy was used frequently to make an early diagnosis and unilateral salpingectomy was the most common operative procedure. Incidence of ectopic pregnancy in the subsequent pregnancy was 9.6% in patients accessible for follow‐up.
Selection of Therapeutic Methods in Consideration of the Clinical Stage of Carcinoma of the Corpus Uteri in Japan
Authors: Yajima Akira , Toki Toshihiko , Tase Toru , Oikawa Naohiro , Suzuki Masakuni 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA survey was made of the therapeutic methods used in Japan for carcinomas of the corpus uteri and their correlation with classifications of clinical stage.In Japan surgical therapy is now the principal treatment for cancers of the corpus uteri in Stages I, II or III. Significant individual differences were found among the surveyed clinics with regard to surgical techniques in Stage I cases. The precise nature of these differences was investigated by subdividing Stage I cases according to length of uterine cavity and histological grade. Stage II lesions are most commonly treated with radical hysterectomy with lymphadenectomy; primary lesions in Stage III cases are also excised. In both Stage II and Stage III cases, postoperative radiation or chemotherapy is also normally undertaken.
Uterine Phlebography in Patients with Chronic Pelvic Pain of Unknown Origin
Authors: Punnonen Reijo , Lauteala Ilpo , Jalava Anneli 
Published: August 2010

AbstractUterine phlebography using the transcavitary technique was performed on 58 women suffering from chronic pelvic pain of unknown origin. The phlebography was pathological for 38 women. No significant differences between the right and left plexuses were noted. Congestive changes were located more frequently in the uterovaginal than in the utero‐ovarian plexuses. The nature of the complaints of the patients with normal and pathological phlebography was generally similar. Dyspareunia, however, was distinctly more common in connection of the pathological phlebography finding.
Ultrasonic Assessment of Cause of Genital Bleeding during Pregnancy
Authors: Hata Toshiyuki , Shin Keiko , Matsunaga Isao , Nagahara Yutaka 
Published: August 2010

AbstractOf 87 pregnant women with genital bleeding who were examined in weeks 5 to 35 of gestation, ultrasound studies revealed abnormal echo‐free areas in 3 cases with blighted ovum, in 1 case with intrauterine fetal death, and in 13 cases with a living fetus. In 2 of the latter cases, the fetuses died later. Thus use of ultrasound is helpful in assessing progress of pregnancy and outcome for the fetus.
Ehlers‐Danlos Syndrome and Pregnancy: A Case of Uterine Rupture
Authors: Nakamura Yukio , Hada Yoshinobu , Sada Ikuko , Nagayama Masataka 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe clinical aspects of pregnancy and delivery in a 24‐year‐old married primigravida with Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome (Type IV) are reported, as are the results of blood coagulation factor evaluation. The patient's father, who died of a myocardiac infarction, and 14‐year‐old sister also suffered from the same symptoms. Pregnancy‐related problems in the Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome are discussed.
Coagulation System in Toxemia of Pregnancy
Authors: Fuse Yoji , Fuse Kozue 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe studied hematological changes in toxemia of pregnancy and obtained the following conclusion.Toxemia of pregnancy is accompanied by a significant extension in bleeding time, a decrease in levels of fibrinogen and plasma factor XIII, significant increases in prothrombin time and active partial thromboplastin time, and significant increases in serum‐urine FDP, platelet aggregation and platelet spreadability as compared to normal gravidas.Toxemia of pregnancy assumed an aspect of chronic DIC.
Biological Distribution of Oncofetal Antigen‐I (OFA‐I) in Gynecologic Tumors and Trophoblastic Tissues
Authors: Higuchi Masaomi , Takeuchi Shoshichi 
Published: August 2010

AbstractOncofetal Antigen‐I (OFA‐I) is a membrane antigen of human cancer cells that cross‐reacts with human fetal brain tissues. The presence of this antigen was examined in a variety of histological types of gynecologic tumors, trophoblasts and normal tissues.A total of 22 tumors, 13 trophoblasts and 48 normal tissues were tested by IA absorption using patient's sera containing functionally mono‐specific anti‐OFA‐I. Ovarian carcinoma had the highest percentage of reactivity to OFA‐I (78%) followed by cervical carcinoma (40%). Conversely, this antigen was not detected in endometrial carcinoma (0%), normal trophoblast tissue (0%) or hydatidiform mole (0%) or in normal tissues from non‐cancer patients.These studies show that OFA‐I is frequently detected in ovarian carcinomas.
Use of Bromocriptine in the Treatment of Gynaecologic Disorders
Authors: Pepperell Roger J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBromocriptine, an ergot‐alkaloid derivative which was marketed by Sandoz in the early 1970's at about the same time as prolactin (PRL) was able to be measured by new and sensitive radioimmunoassays, has now become the mainstay of treatment for patients with hyperprolactinaemia, with or without pituitary tumour, and for a number of other gynaecological disorders. Although it is spectacularly effective in patients with elevated PRL levels, its usefulness in patients with normal PRL levels is not so clear.This review aims to provide the reader with information concerning the current usefulness of bromocriptine in the treatment of various gynaecologic disorders, but does not attempt to evaluate its usefulness for non‐gynaecologic conditions such as acromegaly, disordered spermatogenesis, impotence or Parkinson's disease.
Testicular Feminisation and a Pelvic Mass: Case Report of an Unusual Presentation
Authors: Dalrymple J. Christopher , Robertson Robert D. , Picker Richard H. , Grudzinskas Jurgis G. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractTesticular feminisation is a well recognized syndrome of female phenotype with male karyotype and gonads. Adnexal cysts have been reported in patients with this syndrome although usually only in those aged more than thirty years. An unusual case is reported where a young patient (age 20) presented with abdominal pain from a large adnexal cyst. Ultrasound examination facilitated the diagnosis by confirming the cystic nature of the mass and failing to demonstrate normal Mullerian elements in the pelvis.
An Evaluation of Ultrasonic Fetal Weight Prediction in a Chinese Population Using Established Charts on Abdominal Circumference and Biparietal Diameter
Authors: Wan C. W. , Woo J. S. K. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe accuracy of in utero fetal weight prediction employing a multiple regression equation involving the biparietal diameter and abdominal circumference was evaluated in 101 Chinese patients. The coefficient of correlation between the actual and estimated weight was 0.9825. The absolute mean error was 3.4%, 94% of the estimates fell within 10% of the actual birth weight and the distribution of over and underestimates was well balanced along the whole range of weights. It was concluded that the use of such established equations can be a very practical and accurate method for fetal weight prediction in the Chinese population.
Aromatization of Androstenedione to Estrogen by Human Fetal Tissues in Vitro
Authors: Yamamoto Takara , Sakai Chiaki , Okada Hiroji 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe capacity of various human fetal tissues (lung, liver, stomach, small intestine and kidney) to aromatize androstenedione to estrone and estradiol was investigated. Although aromatase activity for androstenedione was observed in all fetal tissues, their conversion rates varied significantly, the highest rate of conversion being observed in the liver tissue. Estrone rather than estradiol was the major product of biosynthesis.
Cell Biology of Choriocarcinoma
Authors: Takamizawa Hiroyoshi , Sekiya Souei 
Published: August 2010

SummaryAlthough a striking heterogeneity is observed among choriocarcinoma cells are unique in that they express two sets of cell biological characteristics: (1) normal gene expression as observed in normal trophoblasts, such as hCG production and secretion, sex steroid biosynthesis, expression of placental isoenzymes and proteins; and (2) cancer specific characteristics such as malignant morphology and growth, chromosomal abnormalities, hetero‐transplantability and a conspicuous response to chemotherapeutic agents. To maintain such a wide variety of gene expressions, the choriocarcinoma cells require a large amount of genetic materials.
Effects of Magnesium and Catecholamines on Spontaneous Contraction of Pregnant Human Isthmic Myometrium
Authors: Kawarabayashi Tatsuhiko , Ikeda Masahiko , Sugimori Hajime , Nakano Hitoo 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe spontaneous isometric contraction of human myometrium was recorded with regard to the stage of pregnancy, the run of muscle bundles and the resected part of the muscle. Then, the effects of noradrenaline, terbutaline or magnesium and the relationship between β‐inhibition and Mg2+ were also studied. Electrical activities were recorded by the single sucrose‐gap method.Maximum tension, frequency and half‐duration of contractions were not significantly different among all specimens. Maximum tension was smaller than longitudinal muscle and larger than circular muscle of the term‐pregnant rat.Noradrenaline (10‐12 ‐ 10‐6 g/ml) exhibited α‐excitation and terbutaline (10‐8 ‐ 10‐6 g/ml) caused β‐inhibition in a dose dependent manner. Magnesium inhibited spontaneous contraction and decreased the gradient of pacemaker potential and the duration of each action potential. Furthermore, β‐inhibition of terbutaline was progressively potentiated with the increase in external Mg2+ concentration, and Mg2+ rich media shifted the dose‐response curve of terbutaline to the left.The results indicate that human myometrium might be composed of plural muscle bundles with different characteristics and have both α‐ and β‐ adrenoceptors (α‐predominant); they also suggest that Mg2+ inhibits spontaneous contraciton by affecting membrane activities and that it enhances the effect of terbutaline.
Lobulated Polycystic Ovary with Huge Parovarian Cyst
Authors: Kim Doo‐Sang , Moon Hyung , Kim Moon‐Shin , Kim Sung‐Whan 
Published: August 2010

AbstractDuring laparotomy for a huge parovarian cyst, unusually large bilateral lobulated ovarian cysts were noted. And lobulated ovary is one of the rarest gynecologic abnormalities. Although obesity and hirsutism were absent and the results of the endocrine test were within normal range, polycystic ovarian disease was highly suspected due to the pathologic findings and elevated LH/FSH ratio.
Fetal Weight and Premature Rupture of the Membranes in Preterm Delivery
Authors: Lee Sub‐Long , Lee Jau‐Nan 
Published: August 2010

AbstractOne hundred and seven pregnant women who delivered babies before 38 weeks of gestation were studied. There were 44 patients (41.1%) with premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) while 63 patients (58.9%) not. The preterm delivery were responsible for 58.3% of the perinatal mortality. However, there was no significant correlation between the incidence of PROM and maternal complications. It is also noted that PROM was significantly higher in those women with previous experience of PROM and, furthermore, the higher fetal weight appeared to associate with higher incidence of PROM after 34 weeks of gestation.