bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Next-generation risk assessment read-across case study: application of a 10-step framework to derive a safe concentration of daidzein in a body lotion
Authors: Najjar Abdulkarim , Kühnl Jochen , Lange Daniela , Géniès Camille , Jacques Carine , Fabian Eric , Zifle Anne , Hewitt Nicola J. , Schepky Andreas 
Published: June 2024

Introduction:We performed an exposure-based Next Generation Risk Assessment case read-across study using New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) to determine the highest safe concentration of daidzein in a body lotion, based on its similarities with its structural analogue, genistein. Two assumptions were: (1) daidzein is a new chemical and its dietary intake omitted; (2) onlyin vitrodata were used for daidzein, whilein vitroand legacyin vivodata for genistein were considered.Methods:The 10-step tiered approach evaluating systemic toxicity included toxicokinetics NAMs: PBPK models andin vitrobiokinetics measurements in cells used for toxicogenomics and toxicodynamic NAMs: pharmacology profiling (i.e., interaction with molecular targets), toxicogenomics and EATS assays (endocrine disruption endpoints). Whole body rat and human PBPK models were used to convert external doses of genistein to plasma concentrations andin vitroPoints of Departure (PoD) to external doses. The PBPK human dermal module was refined usingin vitrohuman skin metabolism and penetration data.Results:The most relevant endpoint for daidzein was from the ERα assay (Lowest Observed Effective Concentration was 100 ± 0.0 nM), which was converted to anin vitroPoD of 33 nM. After application of a safety factor of 3.3 for intra-individual variability, the safe concentration of daidzein was estimated to be 10 nM. This was extrapolated to an external dose of 0.5 μg/cm2 for a body lotion and face cream, equating to a concentration of 0.1%.Discussion:Whenin vitroPoD of 33 nM for daidzein was converted to an external oral dose in rats, the value correlated with thein vivoNOAEL. This increased confidence that the rat oral PBPK model provided accurate estimates of internal and external exposure and that thein vitroPoD was relevant in the safety assessment of both chemicals. When plasma concentrations estimated from applications of 0.1% and 0.02% daidzein were used to calculate bioactivity exposure ratios, values were &gt;1, indicating a good margin between exposure and concentrations causing adverse effects. In conclusion, this case study highlights the use of NAMs in a 10-step tiered workflow to conclude that the highest safe concentration of daidzein in a body lotion is 0.1%.
Case study: Evaluating deep-water start techniques and training demands in seated slalom waterskiing for an athlete with paraplegia
Authors: Suárez-Iglesias David , Ayán Carlos , García-Fresneda Adrián , Villa-Vicente José Gerardo , Rodríguez-Medina Juan , Rodríguez-Marroyo Jose A. 
Published: June 2024

PurposeRecreational and competitive slalom waterskiing is increasingly popular among individuals with spinal cord injuries (SCI), particularly for those with paraplegia using sit-skis. A key component of slalom skiing is the deep-water start (DWS), yet little is known about the physiological and physical demands of this activity when the athlete is seated. This study aims to fill this gap by focusing on the training requirements for a seated slalom athlete.Materials and methodsFocusing on a young male athlete with paraplegia, this case study evaluates the effectiveness and efficiency of traditional (TDWS) and alternative (ADWS) DWS techniques during seated slalom waterskiing sessions. It assesses internal training load (TL) through heart rate (HR) zones and session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE), alongside pre- and post-session handgrip strength measurements to gauge peripheral muscle fatigue.Results and conclusionsPerforming the ADWS, achieving a full success rate, proved more effective but slightly more time-consuming than TDWS, which had limited success. HR during DWS maneuvers ranged from 63.2 to 81.3% of maximal HR, with most sessions occurring below the ventilatory threshold, thus perceived as hard effort. A moderate yet non-significant correlation was found between HR and sRPE-based TL. A significant reduction in handgrip strength post-session underscores the activity’s demands. These insights illuminate the technical, physiological, and physical challenges in mastering DWS for seated slalom athletes with SCI, providing valuable guidance for the development of tailored training programs and techniques in this sport.
Public hospital reform, family health consumption and health inequality: evidence from China Family Panel Studies
Authors: Jiang Lan , He Yiqing , Hu Chunqi 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundIn 2017, China launched a comprehensive reform of public hospitals and eliminated drug markups, aiming to solve the problem of expensive medical treatment and allow poor and low-income people to enjoy basic health opportunities. This study attempts to evaluate the policy impact of public hospital reform on the health inequality of Chinese residents and analyze its micro-level mechanism from the perspective of household consumption structure. Studying the inherent causal connection between public hospital reform and health inequality is of paramount significance for strengthening China’s healthcare policies, system design, raising the average health level of Chinese residents, and achieving the goal of ensuring a healthy life for individuals of all age groups.MethodsBased on the five waves of data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) conducted in 2012–2020, We incorporates macro-level statistical indicators such as the time of public hospital reforms, health insurance surplus, and aging, generating 121,447 unbalanced panel data covering 27 provinces in China for five periods. This data was used to explore the impact of public hospital reform on health inequality. Logical and empirical tests were conducted to determine whether the reform, by altering family medical care and healthy leisure consumption expenditures, affects the micro-pathways of health inequality improvement. We constructed a two-way fixed model based on the re-centralized influence function (RIF_CI_OLS) and a chained mediation effects model to verify the hypotheses mentioned above.ResultsPublic hospital reform can effectively improve the health inequality situation among Chinese residents. The reform significantly reduces household medical expenses, increases healthy leisure consumption, promotes the upgrading of family health consumption structure, and lowers the health inequality index. In terms of indirect effects, the contribution of the increase in healthy leisure consumption is relatively greater.ConclusionPublic hospital reform significantly alleviates health inequality in China, with household health consumption serving as an effective intermediary pathway in the aforementioned impact. In the dual context of global digitization and exacerbated population aging, enhancing higher education levels and vigorously developing the health industry may be two key factors contributing to this effect.
Profiling and assessing the risks of image- and performance-enhancing drugs use during the COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: De Luca Ilaria , Di Carlo Francesco , Burkauskas Julius , Dores Artemisa R. , Carvalho Irene P. , Gómez-Martínez M. Ángeles , Szabo Attila , Fujiwara Hironobu , Barbosa Cristina Monteiro , Di Nicola Marco , Mazza Marianna , Sani Gabriele , Luciani Debora , Pettorruso Mauro , di Giannantonio Massimo , Cataldo Ilaria , Esposito Gianluca , Martinotti Giovanni , Zandonai Thomas , Rabin Olivier , Corazza Ornella 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundImage and Performance-Enhancing Drugs (IPEDs) can enhance mental and physical capabilities and impact one’s overall health. Initially confined in sport environments, IPEDs use has become increasingly widespread in a high-performing society. The present study was aimed at profiling IPEDs use during the COVID-19 lockdown among an international sample of young adults.MethodsA cross-sectional observational study was carried out in eight countries (United Kingdom, Italy, Lithuania, Hungary, Portugal, Spain, Brazil, and Japan) between April and May 2020. The survey questionnaire included validated measurements such as Exercise Addiction Inventory (EAI), Appearance Anxiety Inventory (AAI), and Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) as well as questions about the type of IPEDs, purchasing methods and socio-demographic information.ResultsA total of 736 IPEDs users were included in the survey. Their mean age was 33.05 years (±SD = 10.06), and 64.2% were female participants. Overall, 6.8% were found at risk of exercise addiction (EAI &gt;24), 27.6% presented high levels of appearance anxiety, and 24.9% revealed low levels of emotional regulation’s self-compassion. Most participants (55.6%) purchased IPEDs through pharmacies/specialized shops, while 41.3% purchased IPEDs on the Internet. Online IPEDs buyers were mainly men who had higher scores on the Exercise Addiction Inventory. One or more IPEDs classifiable as “potentially risky” were used by 66.3% of the sample. Users of “potentially risky IPEDs” were younger and primarily men. They showed higher scores both on the Exercise Addiction Inventory and Appearance Anxiety Inventory.ConclusionThis study profiled users of IPEDs when the most restrictive COVID-19 lockdown policies were implemented in all the participating countries. More targeted post-COVID 19 prevention strategies should be implemented according to the emerged socio-demographic and psychopathological traits and cross-cultural differences emerged. Longitudinal studies will also be needed to determine the long-term effect of the COVID-19 lockdown on IPEDs consumption.
A review of evidence on mechanical properties of running specific prostheses and their relationship with running performance
Authors: Rahnama Leila , Soulis Kimberly , Geil Mark D. 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundAlthough mechanical properties of running specific prostheses (RSPs) can affect running performance, manufacturers do not consistently report them. This study aimed to review existing literature on RSP mechanical and structural properties and their relationship with running performance.MethodsA comprehensive search was conducted using keywords related to mechanical properties of RSPs and running performance. Search terms included stiffness and hysteresis, as well as performance outcomes including metabolic cost and running speed. Non-peer-reviewed and non-English publications were excluded.ResultsTwenty articles were included in the review. Sixteen studies used a material testing machine to measure RSP material properties, and four articles used other techniques including 2D/3D video capture and force platforms. Both measurement techniques and reporting of outcomes were inconsistent, which limits the ability to draw broad conclusions. Additionally, several studies did not report the numerical data for material properties despite measuring them. Relatively few articles measured both material properties and running performance and assessed correlations.ConclusionSeveral articles connected prosthesis properties to running performance. However, inconsistent measurement and reporting of mechanical properties, along with the multifactorial nature of the athlete-prosthesis system, limit the ability to draw broad conclusions regarding the relationship between material and structural properties and athlete performance. Current evidence may be useful for clinicians seeking ways to optimize RSP stiffness in a case-by-case basis; however, clinicians would benefit from more consistent and systematic comparisons of the attributes of different RSPs and their role in performance.
How the experiences of implementation support recipients contribute to implementation outcomes
Authors: Metz Allison J. , Jensen Todd M. , Afkinich Jenny L. , Disbennett Mackensie E. , Farley Amanda B. 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionThere is a growing body of literature on the activities and competencies of implementation support practitioners (ISPs) and the outcomes of engaging ISPs to support implementation efforts. However, there remains limited knowledge about the experiences of implementation support recipients who engage with ISPs and how these experiences shape the trajectory of implementation and contribute to implementation outcomes. This study aimed to extend the research on ISPs by describing the experiences of professionals who received implementation support and inform our understanding of the mechanisms by which ISPs produce behavior change and contribute to implementation outcomes.MethodsThirteen individuals with roles in supporting implementation efforts at a private foundation participated in semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using qualitative narrative analysis and episode profile analysis approaches. Iterative diagramming was used to visualize the pathway of experiences of implementation support recipients evidenced by the interview data.ResultsThe majority of recipients described how positive experiences and trusting relationships with ISPs increased acceptance of implementation science throughout the foundation and increased the perception of implementation science as both an appropriate and feasible approach for strengthening the impact of foundation strategies. As perceptions of appropriateness and feasibility increased, recipients of implementation support described increasing knowledge and application of implementation science in their funding engagements and internal foundation strategies. Finally, recipients reported that the application of implementation science across the foundation led to sustained implementation capacity and better outcomes.DiscussionThe experiences of implementation support recipients described in this paper provide a source for further understanding the mechanisms of change for delivering effective implementation support leading to better implementation quality. Insights from these experiences can enhance our understanding for building implementation capacity and the rationales for evolving approaches that emphasize the dynamic, emotional, and highly relational nature of supporting others to use evidence in practice.
جماليات التشكيل الصوتي في ديوان سيف القدس.
Authors: غبن يحيى أحمد رمضان 
Published: June 2024

تناول البحث مظاهر التشكيل الصوتي في ديوان سيف القدس، وهدف البحث إلى الكشف عن جماليات التشكيل الصوتي في قصائد الديوان، وقياس فاعلية الأصوات والمقاطع الصوتية في الكشف عن نوايا النص الشعري في الديوان، وتتحدد مشكلة البحث في التساؤلات الآتية: ما أهمية التشكيل الصوتي في الكشف عن مكامن النص الشعري ودلالاته؟ وهل لاختلاف الأصوات من أثرٍ في صنع الفوارق الأسلوبية؟
اتبع الباحث آليات التحليل وأدواته المتعلقة بالمنهج الأسلوبي، كونه المنهج الأنسب لدراسة البنى الصوتية في النصوص الأدبية.
تناول البحث قضايا التشكيل الصوتي الآتية: أصوات القافية، والتراوح الصوتي، والتتابع الصوتي، والإبدال الصوتي، والقلب المكاني للأصوات، والنبر على المقاطع الصوتية.
وقد توصل البحث إلى جملة من النتائج أهمها:

المادة الصوتية لها أثر بالغ في استدعاء المعنى أو الإيماء به، وتبعث على الإحساس باللذة الفنية لدى المتلقي.
أسهم التشكيل الصوتي للقصيدة في الربط بين أجزائها، كما أضفى عليها مسحة من الاتساق والانسجام.
انعكست ذاتية الشعراء في ديوان القدس على إنتاجهم الإبداعي، وبرز ذلك من خلال التشكيلات الصوتية في القصائد التي حملت المعاني المتنوعة والدلالات المتسعة، وكان الباعث على هذه المعاني مناسبة فن القول الشعري وسياقاته.
لجأ الشعراء إلى استعمال تقنية التتابع الصوتي، ما أحدث إيقاعات نغمية تضمنها النسيج النصي للقصائد، أثرت في المتلقي ووجهت رؤاه وتصوراته.
استعان شعراء ديوان سيف القدس بظاهرة الإبدال الصوتي والمقطعي للتعبير عن مقاصدهم الشعرية، وكشفت ظاهرة القلب المكاني للأصوات عن بنى الدلالة في النص كبنية (الدهشة ، والمقابلة، والتضمين،...)
نوَّعَ الشعراء في آليات النبر والتنغيم على المقاطع الصوتية في ديوان سيف القدس، وتمكنوا من التعبير عن قضاياهم ورؤاهم الخاصة.

وأوصى البحث بدراسة البنية الإيقاعية في ديوان سيف القدس، فضلاً عن جمع الشعر العربي الحديث المتفاعل مع قضايا الأمة الجامعة ودراسته.
وساطة العمالة المنزلية الأجنبية من وجهة نظر المشغلين: خبرة مرحلة ما قبل التوظف وفي أثناء العمل
Authors: الوقيان عادل عبدالله 
Published: June 2024

الأهداف: بحثت هذه الدراسة تقييم الأسر الكويتية لجودة خدمات الوسطاء المرخصين وغير المرخصين كنوعين من أبرز الأنشطة التسويقية المرتبطة بوساطة العمالة عند تشغيلها للعمالة المنزلية الأجنبية. قامت الدراسة بتحليل الاختلافات بين كفاءة كلا النوعين من الوسطاء في توفير المعلومات وتبادلها في مرحلة ما قبل التشغيل وتحديد أثر توافر المعلومات المتبادلة على تقييم الرضا عن أداء العمالة المنزلية وحجم المشكلات التي واجهتها الأسر المشغلة للعمالة في أثناء الخدمة، وتحديد أثرها على نية اختيار الوسطاء في المستقبل. المنهج: استخدمت الدراسة الاستقصاءات الميدانية المجمعة من 402 مشاركين من أرباب الأسر المشغلة للعمالة المنزلية للحصول على تقييمهم وانطباعاتهم عن مرحلتي ما قبل التشغيل وبعده. النتائج: أفصحت نتائج الدراسة عن وجود اختلافات معنوية بين الوسطاء المرخصين وغير المرخصين في دورهم كبوابة أساسية لتبادل المعلومات بين المشغل والعمالة المنزلية المرشحة للعمل. تبين النتائج تفوق الوسطاء غير المرخصين كمصدر مفضل للمعلومات مقارنة بالوسطاء المرخصين، مما أدى بدوره إلى ارتفاع درجة الرضا وانخفاض حدة ظهور المشكلات في أثناء التشغيل لدى الأسر. وكشفت الدراسة عن تحول ملحوظ بين أرباب العمل إلى تفضيل التعامل المستقبلي مع الوسطاء غير المرخصين على الرغم من ارتفاع درجة المخاطرة لمثل هذا التعامل مع وسطاء غير نظاميين. الخاتمة: تعتبر نتائج الدراسة مهمة لتحسن أداء الوسطاء المرخصين في مواجهة تفوق الوسطاء غير النظاميين في مجال توفير العمالة المنزلية لأرباب الأسر الكويتية. وتكتسب النتائج أهمية بالغة للقائمين على وضع السياسات الحكومية المنظمة لتوفير تلك الخدمات في الدولة خاصة في التحول المرتقب للمشغلين لاستخدام الوسطاء غير المرخصين، مع المحافظة على مصالح العمالة المنزلية ومشغليهم في آن واحد.
Retraction: "Water splitting system with a 13.1% solar to hydrogen conversion efficiency using 3-junction III-V solar cells with pulse plated Pt black catalyst"
Authors: Takada Harufumi , Arai Tomohiro , Fujita Ryotaro , Shibuya Taiga , UCHIDA Shiro 
Published: June 2024

Retraction
The authors hereby retract the above article. This paper reports on a highly efficient system for water splitting using a three-junction solar cell with a platinum black catalyst under simulated sunlight. After this manuscript was accepted, it was found that there was an error in the conditions for electroplating the platinum black catalyst on the solar cell. Specifically, there was an error in the settings for the pulse power supply used when plating platinum black. Although the pulse current, pulse width, and cycle were set correctly, the base current value was the same as the pulse current, which was found in a separate experiment using the same equipment. The authors checked the current output under the conditions described in this manuscript using an oscilloscope, and it was confirmed that it was a direct current, not a pulsed current. The measurement results for hydrogen production under simulated sunlight irradiation presented in the paper were correct, and the conclusions regarding hydrogen production were also correct. However, there was an error in the plating conditions for platinum black described in the paper, and the title and content of the discussion also needed to be revised. Based on the above, the authors reached the consensus that the above paper should be retracted and that the authors will submit it again as a new paper with no mistakes in the Japanese Journal of Applied Physics.
Study on carbon allotrope abrasive particles based on C60 molecule for diamond chemical mechanical polishing
Authors: Takeiri Junpei , Suzuki Keisuke , Iura Hiroaki , Hantani Taisuke , Morii Masaki , Nisizawa Hideaki 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this study, we developed C60 reactive diamond composite particles for the chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) of diamond substrates by applying the high hardness and high reactivity of the C60 molecule. When diamond substrates were polished using these C60 diamond composite particles, the polished surface was found to be superior to that of diamond particles. In addition, when the composite particles were irradiated with ultraviolet light to produce polishing fine particles, the polishing rate was improved by about 30%. These results indicate that the composite nanoparticles that reacted with C60 have the potential to remove even the hardest of diamond substrates.
Pengembangan Media Pop-Up Book Berbasis Pendekatan Kontekstual untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Konsep Matematis Siswa SD
Authors: Andini Nur , Wati Tri Linggo 
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini didasarkan dari hasil analisis di SDN Singopadu yakni untuk melakukan penelitian mengenai Pengembangan Media Pop-Up Book berbasis pendekatan kontekstual untuk meningkatkan pemahaman konsep matematis siswa kelas IV SD, dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan media Pop-Up Book berbasis pendekatan kontekstual terhadap pemahaman konsep matematis siswa Kelas IV SDN Singopadu Tulangan Jenis penelitian artikel ini adalah penelitian pengembangan RnD (research and development). RnD yaitu penelitian untuk menghasilkan suatu produk kemudian diuji kegunaannya pada peserta didik, model yang digunakan adalah model ADDIE. Pengembangan Media Pop-Up Book berbasis pendekatan Kontektual untuk meningkatkan pemahaman konsep matematis siswa SD dikatakan telah memenuhi kriteria valid dengan presentase validitas 98,3%, praktis dengan presentase 93,9%, efektif dengan presentase keefektifan 88%, dan dapat meningkatkan pemahaman konsep matematis siswa berdasarkan hasil perolehan hasil belajar siswa kelas IV 0,73 dimana dalam interpretasi N-Gain 0,7 “Tinggi” dan keefektifan hasil belajar berdasarkan presentase N-Gain sebesar 73,27% masuk dalam interpretasi keefektifan hasil belajar 56%-75% dinyatakan “Cukup Efektif”. Sehingga media Pop-Up Book berbasis pendekatan kontekstual dinyatakan layak, praktis, dan efektif untuk diimplementasikan dalam kegiatan pembelajaran siswa di kelas, serta mampu meningkatkan pemahaman konsep matematis siswa kelas IV SD.