bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Baseline Factors Associated With Glycemic Control and Weight Loss When Exenatide Twice Daily Is Added to Optimized Insulin Glargine in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Rosenstock Julio , Shenouda Sylvia K. , Bergenstal Richard M. , Buse John B. , Glass Leonard C. , Heilmann Cory R. , Kwan Anita Y.M. , MacConell Leigh A. , Hoogwerf Byron James 
Published: March 2012

OBJECTIVE
To determine variables associated with glycemic and body weight responses when adding exenatide to basal insulin–treated type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Exploratory subgroup analyses based on baseline A1C, disease duration, and BMI of a 30-week study comparing exenatide twice daily to placebo, added to optimized insulin glargine (intent-to-treat analysis: 137 exenatide; 122 placebo).

RESULTS
Exenatide participants had greater A1C reductions compared with optimized insulin glargine alone, irrespective of baseline A1C (P &lt; 0.001). Exenatide participants with longer diabetes duration and those with lower BMI had greater A1C reductions (P &lt; 0.01). Exenatide participants lost more weight, regardless of baseline A1C or BMI (P &lt; 0.05). Exenatide participants with longer diabetes duration lost the most weight (P &lt; 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
Exenatide added to optimized basal insulin was associated with improved glycemic control and weight loss, irrespective of baseline A1C, diabetes duration, and BMI. Changes were evident in modestly obese patients and in those with longer diabetes duration.
Efficacy and Safety of the Once-Daily GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Lixisenatide in Monotherapy
Authors: Fonseca Vivian A. , Alvarado-Ruiz Ricardo , Raccah Denis , Boka Gabor , Miossec Patrick , Gerich John E. ,   on behalf of the EFC6018 GetGoal-Mono Study Investigators
Published: March 2012

OBJECTIVE
To assess efficacy and safety of lixisenatide monotherapy in type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Randomized, double-blind, 12-week study of 361 patients not on glucose-lowering therapy (HbA1c 7–10%) allocated to one of four once-daily subcutaneous dose increase regimens: lixisenatide 2-step (10 μg for 1 week, 15 μg for 1 week, and then 20 μg; n = 120), lixisenatide 1-step (10 μg for 2 weeks and then 20 μg; n = 119), placebo 2-step (n = 61), or placebo 1-step (n = 61) (placebo groups were combined for analyses). Primary end point was HbA1c change from baseline to week 12.

RESULTS
Once-daily lixisenatide significantly improved HbA1c (mean baseline 8.0%) in both groups (least squares mean change vs. placebo: −0.54% for 2-step, −0.66% for 1-step; P &lt; 0.0001). Significantly more lixisenatide patients achieved HbA1c &lt;7.0% (52.2% 2-step, 46.5% 1-step) and ≤6.5% (31.9% 2-step, 25.4% 1-step) versus placebo (26.8% and 12.5%, respectively; P &lt; 0.01). Lixisenatide led to marked significant improvements of 2-h postprandial glucose levels and blood glucose excursions measured during a standardized breakfast test. A significant decrease in fasting plasma glucose was observed in both lixisenatide groups versus placebo. Mean decreases in body weight (∼2 kg) were observed in all groups. The most common adverse events were gastrointestinal—nausea was the most frequent (lixisenatide 23% overall, placebo 4.1%). Symptomatic hypoglycemia occurred in 1.7% of lixisenatide and 1.6% of placebo patients, with no severe episodes. Safety/tolerability was similar for the two dose regimens.

CONCLUSIONS
Once-daily lixisenatide monotherapy significantly improved glycemic control with a pronounced postprandial effect (75% reduction in glucose excursion) and was safe and well tolerated in type 2 diabetes.
Glycated Hemoglobin and Risk of Hypertension in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Authors: Bower Julie K. , Appel Lawrence J. , Matsushita Kunihiro , Young J. Hunter , Alonso Alvaro , Brancati Frederick L. , Selvin Elizabeth 
Published: March 2012

OBJECTIVE
Diabetes and hypertension often co-occur and share risk factors. Hypertension is known to predict diabetes. However, hyperglycemia also may be independently associated with future development of hypertension. We investigated glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) as a predictor of incident hypertension.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We conducted a prospective analysis of 9,603 middle-aged participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study without hypertension at baseline. Using Cox proportional hazards models, we estimated the association between HbA1c at baseline and incident hypertension by two definitions 1) self-reported hypertension during a maximum of 18 years of follow-up and 2) measured blood pressure or hypertension medication use at clinic visits for a maximum of 9 years of follow-up.

RESULTS
We observed 4,800 self-reported and 1,670 visit-based hypertension cases among those without diagnosed diabetes at baseline. Among those with diagnosed diabetes at baseline, we observed 377 self-reported and 119 visit-based hypertension cases. Higher baseline HbA1c was associated with an increased risk of hypertension in subjects with and without diabetes. Compared with nondiabetic adults with HbA1c &lt;5.7%, HbA1c in the prediabetic range (5.7–6.4%) was independently associated with incident self-reported hypertension (hazard ratio 1.14 [95% CI 1.06–1.23]) and visit-detected hypertension (1.17 [1.03–1.33]).

CONCLUSIONS
We observed that individuals with elevated HbA1c, even without a prior diabetes diagnosis, are at increased risk of hypertension. HbA1c is a known predictor of incident heart disease and stroke. Our results suggest that the association of HbA1c with cardiovascular risk may be partially mediated by the development of hypertension.
Predictors of Mortality Over 8 Years in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: McEwen Laura N. , Karter Andrew J. , Waitzfelder Beth E. , Crosson Jesse C. , Marrero David G. , Mangione Carol M. , Herman William H. 
Published: March 2012

OBJECTIVE
To examine demographic, socioeconomic, and biological risk factors for all-cause, cardiovascular, and noncardiovascular mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes over 8 years and to construct mortality prediction equations.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Beginning in 2000, survey and medical record information was obtained from 8,334 participants in Translating Research Into Action for Diabetes (TRIAD), a multicenter prospective observational study of diabetes care in managed care. The National Death Index was searched annually to obtain data on deaths over an 8-year follow-up period (2000–2007). Predictors examined included age, sex, race, education, income, smoking, age at diagnosis of diabetes, duration and treatment of diabetes, BMI, complications, comorbidities, and medication use.

RESULTS
There were 1,616 (19%) deaths over the 8-year period. In the most parsimonious equation, the predictors of all-cause mortality included older age, male sex, white race, lower income, smoking, insulin treatment, nephropathy, history of dyslipidemia, higher LDL cholesterol, angina/myocardial infarction/other coronary disease/coronary angioplasty/bypass, congestive heart failure, aspirin, β-blocker, and diuretic use, and higher Charlson Index.

CONCLUSIONS
Risk of death can be predicted in people with type 2 diabetes using simple demographic, socioeconomic, and biological risk factors with fair reliability. Such prediction equations are essential for computer simulation models of diabetes progression and may, with further validation, be useful for patient management.
High Burden of Kidney Disease in Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Dart Allison B. , Sellers Elizabeth A. , Martens Patricia J. , Rigatto Claudio , Brownell Marni D. , Dean Heather J. 
Published: March 2012

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate renal outcomes and survival in youth with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) versus type 1 diabetes (T1DM) versus nondiabetic control subjects.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In total, 342 prevalent youth (aged 1–18 years) with T2DM, 1,011 youth with T1DM, and 1,710 control subjects identified from 1986 to 2007 were anonymously linked to health care records housed at the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy to assess long-term outcomes using ICD codes.

RESULTS
Youth with T2DM were found to have a fourfold increased risk of renal failure versus youth with T1DM. Risk factors associated with renal failure were renin angiotensin aldosterone system inhibitor use and albuminuria in adolescence. Compared with control subjects (age, sex, and postal code matched), youth with T2DM had a 23-fold increased risk of renal failure and a 39-fold increased risk of dialysis. Kaplan-Meier survival at 10 years was 91.4% in the type 2 diabetic group versus 99.5% in the type 1 diabetic group (P &lt; 0.0001). Renal survival was 100% at 10 years in both groups. It decreased to 92.0% at 15 years and 55.0% at 20 years in the type 2 diabetic group but remained stable in the type 1 diabetic group (P &lt; 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS
Youth with T2DM are at high risk of adverse renal outcomes and death. Albuminuria and angiotensin aldosterone system inhibitor use, which may be a marker of severity of disease, are associated with poor outcomes in early adulthood.
Business Intelligence for Insurance Companies
Authors: Rostek Katarzyna 
Published: March 2012

Business Intelligence for Insurance CompaniesThe article presents current status of IT implementation in Polish insurance companies. Afterwards the man issues connected with information management and proposal of dealing with these issues, due to the implementation of Business Intelligence system, is presented. Definition, structure and scope of application as well as the Business Intelligence system implementation methodology, with a particular consideration for the insurance market character, are presented. Article is summed up with examples of effective Business Intelligence systems implementations in selected insurance companies.
Optimization of Workplace Design for People with Alternative Abilities
Authors: Górska Ewa 
Published: March 2012

Optimization of Workplace Design for People with Alternative AbilitiesAn employer who wants to employ a person with alternative disturbances faces a difficult problem of selecting a workstation and tasks suitable to a given person's disease since even the same case of disease does not guarantee identical organizational solutions of a workstation. However the more complex the movement disfunction, the more difficult the task is. At the same time it is important that work results of a workstation allow achieving complex productivity. The article presents an attempt at elaborating a method aided by a computer system which allows introducing changes or modifications of workstation space, place equipment and facilities or installing additional elements enabling effective and productive work performance by a person with precisely defined abilities. Presented results of piloting researches have proven that the elaborated method of aiding decisions while adapting workstations to needs and abilities of people with movement disfunction will bring social and economic benefits.
Management Information in Administration Systems
Authors: Ostrowska Teresa 
Published: March 2012

Management Information in Administration SystemsManagement information is the basis for decision making. The essential meaning of the management information is noticed in the administrative systems, through the analysis of the character and usefulness of the management information, as legal information that is published in the form of internal and external legal acts. Specification of the legal acts, connected with the activities of the administrative unit, requires undertaking of certain methodology of the conduct. Process approach, based on the specification of the processes realized in the administrative unit and related legal acts, is suggested. Case study related to a faculty at the University is an example of the use of presented proposal.
Events and Event Processes
Authors: Krupa Tadeusz 
Published: March 2012

Events and Event ProcessesPresented article describes the issues known from the logical structures characterization theory [2] used in this case to describe the events designed for the needs of proper functioning of organizational structures. Necessary formalization is used strictly for the maintenance of the concept discipline. Event theory [5] is used in the designing of complex structures of organizational systems for which the basic necessity is its compliance with the set functional description. Final organization's characteristics are determined by many factors, such as: a) completeness and non-contradiction of the functional specification b) theoretical correctness of the functional transformation of the organization into the design of its organizational structure c) correctness of the technical project realization.
Effect of light colour on forced hyacinth
Authors: Śmigielska Małgorzata , Jerzy Marek 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Three cultivars of Hyacinthus orientalis L. were forced under artificial light using fluorescent lamps emitting white, blue, green, yellow and red light. Quantum irradiance was determined as 12.5 and 25 μmol m-2 s-1. Day length was 12 and six hours, respectively. Daily light integral was 0.54 mol m-2. A significant effect of light colour on flowering date and plant quality was observed. Plants forced in blue and red light were the first to flower. Plants exposed to red light formed longer inflorescences. Plants forced under lamps emitting blue light formed shorter, more rigid flower shoots with shorter leaves.
There were no significant differences between plants grown under 25 μmol m-2 s-1 of quantum irradiance for six hours per day and plants grown under light with a quantum irradiance of 12.5 μmol m-2 s-1 for 12 hours per day. This means that the light-dosing variant did not exert any effect on the growth and flowering of hyacinths.
Effect of pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) and cypress spurge (Euphorbia cyparissias L.) plant water extracts on the occurrence of pest insects on white cabbage
Authors: Jankowska Beata , Wilk Anna 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
In 2007-2008 the effects of pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) and cypress spurge (Euphorbia cyparissias L.) water extracts on the occurrence of pest insects on white cabbage were tested. The numbers of cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae L.) were significantly lower on the treated plants. During the period of the most numerous occurrence of aphids on the unsprayed plants, their number was almost twice as high as on the plants sprayed with spurge extract and almost three times as high as on the plants sprayed with marigold extracts. Spraying plants had an effect on the number of Phyllotreta atra and P. nemorum beetles and Pieris rapae L. eggs. Pot marigold extract proved to be the most effective in this respect. Egg clusters of large white butterfly (P. brassicae L.) and cabbage moth (Mamestra brassicae L.) were observed only in 2008, and only on the control. In the case of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L., only marigold extract had a positive impact on reducing its number. Diamondback moth larvae numbers were even slightly higher on plants treated with cypress spurge extract than on the control plots where plants had not been sprayed.
Biodiversity of fungi colonising aboveground parts of zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L. var. giromontina)
Authors: Jamiołkowska Agnieszka , Sawicki Krzysztof 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Zucchini is a very valuable vegetable, easy to grow both in the field and under covering, but it is affected by pathogenic fungi. The experiment was carried out at a farm near Lublin where three zucchini cultivars, ‘Astra Polka’, ‘Atena Polka F1’ and ‘Soraya’, were cultivated in a plastic tunnel and in the field in 2008-2009. The leaves, petioles and stems of zucchini were collected for laboratory tests. Mycological analysis showed that the predominating fungi were Alternaria alternata, Fusarium spp. and Rhizoctonia solani. Fusarium spp. were isolated in the greatest numbers from zucchini plants cultivated in the field. R. solani was isolated in greater numbers from zucchini cultivated in a plastic tunnel as compared to the field.
Syrphids (Diptera, Syrphidae) and coccinellids (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) occurring in Myzus cerasi (F.) (Hemiptera) colonies on Prunus avium L.
Authors: Wojciechowicz-Żytko Elżbieta 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
During the sampling period, 243 syrphid larvae belonging to seven species were collected from M. cerasi colonies on P. avium. Episyrphus balteatus Deg. and Epistrophe eligans (Harr.) were the most numerous species amongst the materials gathered, followed by Syrphus ribesii (L.) and S. vitripennis Meig. All of these species play an essential role in reducing M. cerasi populations. Amongst the Coccinellidae occurring in black cherry aphid colonies, Adalia bipunctata L. was the dominant species, while the subdominant was Coccinella septempunctata L. and Propylaea quatuordecimpunctata (L.).
Response of Chinese cabbage grown in the spring season to differentiated forms of nitrogen fertilisation
Authors: Krężel Jan , Kołota Eugeniusz 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
In the experiment carried out in the Experimental Station belonging to the Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences in 2004-2006, we estimated the effect of the type of the nitrogen fertiliser (ammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, urea and ENTEC 26) applied as preplant (150 kg N ha-1) or split dose (100 + 50 kg N ha-1) on the yield and dry matter content, nitrates, vitamin C and P, K, Mg, Ca in ‘Optiko’ Chinese cabbage cultivated during the spring season. The highest total and marketable yield of Chinese cabbage was recorded after the use of urea, which was partly associated with the lowest percentage of diseased heads. Plants fertilised with ammonium sulfate provided the lowest yield. The method of nitrogen application significantly affected the yield and the mean weight of individual heads in the marketable yield, but not the accumulation of nitrates and vitamin C. The lowest accumulation of nitrates was associated with the use of ammonium sulfate and ENTEC 26, whereas the highest with urea. The use of calcium nitrate at a single dose of 150 kg N ha-1 led to the highest accumulation of vitamin C in Chinese cabbage leaves. The levels of P, K, Mg and Ca showed only small changes and were not significantly affected by the type of nitrogen fertiliser or the method of its application.
Mycelium growth and yield of wild strains of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.: Fr.) Quel. cultivated on waste materials from the textile industry
Authors: Sobieralski Krzysztof , Siwulski Marek , Sas-Golak Iwona , Mańkowski Jerzy , Kotlińska Teresa 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The objective of the experiment was to compare mycelium growth and the yield of wild strains of Pleurotus ostreatus derived from natural sites and of a cultivated HK35 strain. Mycelium growth was investigated on substrates prepared from the sawdust of deciduous trees, wheat and rye straw as well as by-products from the textile industry: flax and hemp shives. Irrespective of the applied substrate, the cultivated HK35 strain was characterised by the fastest growth, whereas amongst the examined wild strains, mycelia designated as U18/5, S12/3 and B17/4 were found to grow best. Substrates prepared from wheat and rye straw and flax shives turned out to be the best for mycelium growth of the tested strains of P. ostreatus. The yield of oyster mushroom depended on the type of applied substrate. Higher yields were recorded on substrates from flax shives and a mixture of wheat straw and hemp shives than on wheat straw. The cultivated HK35 strain and the wild S12/3 strain gave the highest yields irrespective of the kind of substrate.
The effect of temperature treatments during ‘Wielkopolski’ sunflower seed imbibition and storage on plant tolerance to chilling
Authors: Górnik Krzysztof 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of short-term high or low temperature treatments applied during seed imbibition on plant tolerance to chilling. Chilling tolerance was also investigated on seedlings obtained from dry seeds stored at low temperatures. Sunflower seeds (Helianthus annuus L. ‘Wielkopolski’) were stored at 5°C or 25°C and then subjected to low (2.5°C and 5°C) or high (35°C and 45°C) temperatures for two hours during imbibition. They were subsequently exposed to chilling (2.5°C) for three weeks. Afterwards, the seeds were transferred to 25°C for chilling injury evaluation or sown in pots and grown in the field for further growth investigation.
The obtained results indicate that the sunflower seedlings, obtained from dry seeds stored at 25°C, were chilling sensitive to an exposure of 2.5°C for three weeks, which was manifested by slow root elongation, external root discoloration and a long Mean Emergence Time (MET). The storage of dry seeds at 5°C reduced seedling injuries exhibited by external root discoloration and increased chlorophyll content in leaves. Short-term (two-hour) low (2.5 and 5°C) or high (35 and 40°C) temperature treatments applied to the moistened seeds alleviated chilling effects, stimulating root elongation, limiting external root discoloration and shortening MET, accelerating plant flowering and seed maturation time, increasing the diameter and weight of the anthocarp as well as seed yield and chlorophyll content.
The positive response of these methods in respect to an increase in sunflower plant tolerance to chilling indicates a possibility of their application in practice.
The assessment of doubled haploid lines obtained in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) anther culture
Authors: Olszewska Dorota , Kisiała Anna , Nowaczyk Paweł 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The aim of the research was the analysis of 11 DH-R2 pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) lines, obtained in anther cultures of ‘(ATZ1 × PO)’ F1, ‘(ATZ1 × CDT)’ F1 and ‘(ATZ1 × TG)’ F1 hybrids. To determine the genetic homogeneity of anther-derived lines, the biometrical characteristics of fruits, as well as fruit colour and shape inheritance, were analysed. The biometrical analysis determined the highest phenotype uniformity in androgenic lines of ‘(ATZ1 × PO)’ F1. Based on the fruit shape and colour variation, it was possible to determine the microspore origin of androgenic diploids obtained in anther cultures of ‘(ATZ1 × TG)’ F1. Additionally, enzyme analysis of four isozymes (PGM, PGI, IDH and MDH) showed that isocitrate dehydrogenase identified anther-derived diploids of hybrids between ‘ATZ1’ and ‘TG’, as well as those between ‘ATZ1’ and ‘CDT’, lines.
Quality of kohlrabi stems (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes L.) kept in cold storage
Authors: Gawęda Maria , Nizioł-Łukaszewska Zofia 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Two green kohlrabi cultivars, ‘White Delikates’ and ‘Korist’ F1, were kept in cold storage at a temperature of 2°C and a relative humidity of 95%. Natural mass losses were measured at monthly intervals and dry matter content, soluble sugars, L-ascorbic acid and isothiocyanates were analysed. During five months of storage, very low losses of kohlrabi mass were detected. The decrease in dry matter during that time was between 15 and 18%. After a brief increase, soluble sugar content decreased during storage, and in March, 50% of the initial sugar content was calculated for ‘Delikates’ kohlrabi flesh and 65% for ‘Korist’. L-ascorbic acid was well preserved in the kohlrabi, since 90% remained after storage was completed. The isothiocyanate content changed little and the vegetable remained a good source of these compounds throughout the storage period.