bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamical equations for the contact line of an evaporating or condensing sessile drop
Authors: Fried Eliot , Jabbour Michel 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe equations that govern, away from equilibrium and accounting for dissipation, the evolution of the contact line of an evaporating or condensing sessile drop on a rigid, planar substrate are derived. Aside from the normal and tangential components of the standard (Newtonian) force balance, these include a configurational force balance. At equilibrium, the normal component of the standard force balance reduces to the modified Young’s equation first mentioned by Gibbs. The remaining balances are purely dissipative and hence are vacuous in equilibrium. A complete description of contact-line dynamics generally involves all three equations. The theory is embedded in a thermodynamic framework that ensures consistency of all constitutive relations with the second law. In the linearly dissipative case, these involve six contact-line viscosities. When viscous coupling is neglected, only three viscosities remain. One is associated with stretching of the fluid along the contact line. The remaining two are related to dissipation that accompanies mass transfer between liquid and vapour phases during evaporation or condensation.
Acute effects of ingestion of a novel whey-derived extract on vascular endothelial function in overweight, middle-aged men and women
Authors: Ballard Kevin D. , Kupchak Brian R. , Volk Brittanie M. , Mah Eunice , Shkreta Aida , Liptak Cary , Ptolemy Adam S. , Kellogg Mark S. , Bruno Richard S. , Seip Richard L. , Maresh Carl M. , Kraemer William J. , Volek Jeff S. 
Published: June 2012

Whey protein intake reduces CVD risk, but little is known whether whey-derived bioactive peptides regulate vascular endothelial function (VEF). We determined the impact of a whey-derived extract (NOP-47) on VEF in individuals with an increased cardiovascular risk profile. Men and women with impaired brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) (n 21, age 55 (sem 1·3) years, BMI 27·8 (sem 0·6) kg/m2, FMD 3·7 (sem 0·4) %) completed a randomised, cross-over study to examine whether ingestion of NOP-47 (5 g) improves postprandial VEF. Brachial artery FMD, plasma amino acids, insulin, and endothelium-derived vasodilators and vasoconstrictors were measured for 2 h after ingestion of NOP-47 or placebo. Acute NOP-47 ingestion increased FMD at 30 min (4·6 (sem 0·5) %) and 120 min (5·1 (sem 0·5) %) post-ingestion (P< 0·05, time × trial interaction), and FMD responses at 120 min were significantly greater in the NOP-47 trial compared with placebo (4·3 (sem 0·5) %). Plasma amino acids increased at 30 min following NOP-47 ingestion (P< 0·05). Serum insulin increased at 15, 30 and 60 min (P< 0·001) following NOP-47 ingestion. No changes were observed between the trials for plasma NO∙ and prostacyclin metabolites or endothelin-1. Ingestion of a rapidly absorbed extract derived from whey protein improved endothelium-dependent dilation in older adults by a mechanism independent of changes in circulating vasoactive compounds. Future investigation is warranted in individuals at an increased CVD risk to further elucidate potential health benefits and the underlying mechanisms of extracts derived from whey.
Stratigraphy, facies and geodynamic settings of Jurassic formations in the Bükk Mountains, North Hungary: its relations with the other areas of the Neotethyan realm
Authors: HAAS JÁNOS , PELIKÁN PÁL , GÖRÖG ÁGNES , JÓZSA SÁNDOR , OZSVÁRT PÉTER 
Published: June 2012

AbstractJurassic mélange complexes related to the subduction of the Neotethys Ocean occur in the Bükk Mountains, North Hungary. This paper characterizes the sedimentary sequence of basin and slope facies that occur in the southwestern part of the Bükk Mountains, placing special emphasis on the redeposited sedimentary rocks (olistostromes, olistoliths: Mónosbél Group) in order to obtain information on the provenance of the clasts, and the mode and time of their redeposition. The series of formations studied shows a general coarsening-upwards trend. Based on radiolarians and foraminifera, the Mónosbél Group formed in Early to Late Bathonian time. The lower part of the complex is typified by a predominance of pelagic carbonates, shale and radiolarite with andesitic volcaniclastic intercalations. The higher part of the succession is characterized by polymictic olistostromes. Large olistoliths that are predominantly blocks of Bathonian shallow marine limestone (Bükkzsérc Limestone) appear in the upper part of the sequence. Based on the biostratigraphic and sedimentological data, results of analyses of the redeposited clasts and taking into consideration the concepts of the development of the western Neotethys domain, the evolutionary stages of the sedimentary basins were defined. The onset of the compressional stage led to initiation of nappe stacking that led to the formation of polymict olistostromes and then to the redeposition of large blocks derived from out-of-sequence nappes of the former platform foreland.
Parasite assemblages in the Western whip snakeHierophis viridiflavus carbonarius(Colubridae) from southern Italy
Authors: Santoro M. , Aznar F.J. , Mattiucci S. , Kinsella J.M. , Pellegrino F. , Cipriani P. , Nascetti G. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractParasite assemblages of the Western whip snakeHierophis viridiflavus carbonariuswere investigated from the Calabria region in southern Italy. A total of 14 parasite taxa including 6 nematodes, 3 acanthocephalans, 2 cestodes, 2 digeneans and a single pentastomid was identified. Within the study area,H. v. carbonariusserves as the final host for seven species of helminths, of which only four (Hexametra quadricornis,Kalicephalus viperae,Paracapillaria sonsinoiandRenifer aniarum) can be considered as snake specialists, while one (Oswaldocruzia filiformis) is shared with other reptiles and amphibians, and two (Paradistomum mutabileandRhabdias fuscovenosa) with lizards. A large proportion of larval forms of six helminth taxa (about 95% of all helminths collected) was found, for whichH. v. carbonariusserves as an intermediate and/or paratenic host; however, adult stages of helminths were prevalent in snakes with snout-to-vent length greater than 70 cm. Our results suggest that ontogenetic and ecological factors should exert a strong influence upon the helminth assemblage of Western whip snakes. We concluded thatH. v. carbonariusplays an important role in southern Italy as an intermediate/paratenic host for species of helminths infecting vertebrate groups which may include this snake species within their feeding chain. Eleven taxa, including three potential agents of zoonosis, were added to the poorly known parasite fauna of this host.
Time-fractional study of electron acoustic solitary waves in plasma of cold electron and two isothermal ions
Authors: EL-WAKIL S. A. , ABULWAFA ESSAM M. , EL-SHEWY EMAD K. , MAHMOUD ABEER A. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn this paper, a homogeneous system of unmagnetized collisionless plasma consisting of a cold electron fluid, low-temperature ion obeying Boltzmann-type distribution and high-temperature ion obeying non-thermal distribution is considered. The perturbation method with two different forms of stretching will be considered to drive the KdV and modified KdV (mKdV) equations. The Agrawal's method is applied to formulate the time-fractional KdV and mKdV equations. A variational iteration method is used to solve these equations. The results show that the fractional order of the differential equations can be used to modify the shape of the solitary pulse instead of adding higher order dissipation terms to the equations. This study may be useful to construct the compressive and rarefactive electrostatic potential pulses associated with the broadband electrostatic noise type emissions.
Excitation of geodesic acoustic mode continuum by drift wave turbulence
Authors: YU JUN , DONG J. Q. , LI X. X. , DU D. , GONG X. Y. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractExcitation of the geodesic acoustic mode continuum by drift wave turbulence is studied using the wave kinetic approach. For a model profile of weak non-uniform ion temperature, the forms of growth rate and radial structure of geodesic acoustic modes are obtained analytically. The growth rate is analyzed for several conditions for present-day tokamaks and compared with that for uniform ion temperature, as well as that given by the coherent mode approach for non-uniform ion temperature.
The causal role of smoking in anxiety and depression: a Mendelian randomization analysis of the HUNT study
Authors: Bjørngaard J. H. , Gunnell D. , Elvestad M. B. , Smith G. Davey , Skorpen F. , Krokan H. , Vatten L. , Romundstad P. 
Published: June 2012

BackgroundCigarette smoking is strongly associated with mental illness but the causal direction of the association is uncertain. We investigated the causal relationship between smoking and symptoms of anxiety and depression in the Norwegian HUNT study using the rs1051730 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variant located in the nicotine acetylcholine receptor gene cluster on chromosome 15 as an instrumental variable for smoking phenotypes. Among smokers, this SNP is robustly associated with smoking quantity and nicotine dependence.MethodIn total, 53 601 participants were genotyped for the rs1051730 SNP and provided information on smoking habits and symptoms of anxiety and depression using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).ResultsSelf-reported smoking was positively associated with the prevalence of both anxiety and depression, and the measured polymorphism was positively associated with being a current smoker and the number of cigarettes smoked in current smokers. In the sample as a whole, risk of anxiety increased with each affected T allele [odds ratio (OR) 1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–1.09, p = 0.002] but there was no association with depression (p = 0.31). However, we found no clear association of the polymorphism with either anxiety (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.97–1.09, p = 0.34) or depression (OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.95–1.09, p = 0.62) among smokers.ConclusionsAs there was no association of the smoking-related rs1051730 SNP with anxiety and depression among smokers, the results suggest that smoking is not a cause of anxiety and depression.
Meteorological conditions and incidence of Legionnaires' disease in Glasgow, Scotland: application of statistical modelling
Authors: DUNN C. E. , ROWLINGSON B. , BHOPAL R. S. , DIGGLE P. 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYThis study investigated the relationships between Legionnaires' disease (LD) incidence and weather in Glasgow, UK, by using advanced statistical methods. Using daily meteorological data and 78 LD cases with known exact date of onset, we fitted a series of Poisson log-linear regression models with explanatory variables for air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and year, and sine-cosine terms for within-year seasonal variation. Our initial model showed an association between LD incidence and 2-day lagged humidity (positive, P = 0·0236) and wind speed (negative, P = 0·033). However, after adjusting for year-by-year and seasonal variation in cases there were no significant associations with weather. We also used normal linear models to assess the importance of short-term, unseasonable weather values. The most significant association was between LD incidence and air temperature residual lagged by 1 day prior to onset (P = 0·0014). The contextual role of unseasonably high air temperatures is worthy of further investigation. Our methods and results have further advanced understanding of the role which weather plays in risk of LD infection.
Bartonellaspecies as a cause of infective endocarditis in the UK
Authors: CHALONER G. L. , HARRISON T. G. , BIRTLES R. J. 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYBartonellaspp. are increasingly implicated in infectious endocarditis cases in the UK. Herein, we attempted to quantify their role in this syndrome and explored the epidemiology ofBartonella-associated endocarditis in the UK. Between November 2005 and October 2010, samples from 685 endocarditis patients were submitted to the Health Protection Agency forBartonellaserology. Serological evidence of infection was obtained for 57 (8·3%) patients. PCR-based evidence of infection was obtained from 13 out of 14 patients for whom heart valve tissue was available, withBartonella quintanaimplicated in 12 cases andB. henselaein one. Six patients withB. quintanaendocarditis were recent immigrants into the UK, of whom four lived in poor socioeconomic conditions. These results indicate thatBartonellais a not uncommon cause of endocarditis in the UK and should be considered particularly in patients raised in eastern Europe and/or with a history of homelessness or alcoholism.
Screening forCoxiella burnetiiseroprevalence in chronic Q fever high-risk groups reveals the magnitude of the Dutch Q fever outbreak
Authors: KAMPSCHREUR L. M. , HAGENAARS J. C. J. P. , WIELDERS C. C. H. , ELSMAN P. , LESTRADE P. J. , KONING O. H. J. , OOSTERHEERT J. J. , RENDERS N. H. M. , WEVER P. C. 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYThe Netherlands experienced an unprecedented outbreak of Q fever between 2007 and 2010. The Jeroen Bosch Hospital (JBH) in 's-Hertogenbosch is located in the centre of the epidemic area. Based on Q fever screening programmes, seroprevalence of IgG phase II antibodies toCoxiella burnetiiin the JBH catchment area was 10·7% [785 tested, 84 seropositive, 95% confidence interval (CI) 8·5–12·9]. Seroprevalence appeared not to be influenced by age, gender or area of residence. Extrapolating these data, an estimated 40 600 persons (95% CI 32 200–48 900) in the JBH catchment area have been infected byC. burnetiiand are, therefore, potentially at risk for chronic Q fever. This figure by far exceeds the nationwide number of notified symptomatic acute Q fever patients and illustrates the magnitude of the Dutch Q fever outbreak. Clinicians in epidemic Q fever areas should be alert for chronic Q fever, even if no acute Q fever is reported.
A DIVINE WIND: THE ARTS OF DEATH AND MUSIC IN TERMINAL FORMATIVE OAXACA
Authors: Barber Sarah B. , Sánchez Mireya Olvera 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis paper examines the social context of music and musical instruments in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica through the detailed analysis of a late Terminal Formative period (a.d.100–250) burial from the site of Yugüe in the lower Río Verde Valley of Oaxaca. The burial contained a sub-adult male interred with an incised bone flute and a plaster-backed iron-ore mirror. The Yugüe flute is the earliest reported bone flute from Mesoamerica and is incised and carved to create the bas relief image of a skeletal male figure. Based on the instrument's archaeological context and elaborate incising, we argue that the flute was categorized in pre-Columbian ontology as an animate object that actively participated in ceremonial action at Yugüe. While the nature of such ceremony remains unclear, the incising on the flute indicates that the instrument was capable of making manifest ancestral and divine forces affiliated with rain, wind, and agricultural fertility.
SACRED GEOGRAPHY IN THE NOCHIXTLAN VALLEY
Authors: Hamann Byron Ellsworth 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe pages of the Mixtec screenfolds are painted with hundreds of place signs. Only a handful have been linked to specific locations on the ground. In this essay, I propose identifications for seven place signs which appear on pages 4 to 1 of theCodex Viennaand page 3 of theCodex Nuttall. I draw on five types of sources: testimonies from the 1544–1547 Yanhuitlan idolatry investigation, the pictorial records of the Mixtec screenfolds themselves, the findings from a FAMSI-funded study of colonial and independence-era land records, previous archaeological surveys, and on-the-ground reconnaissance. By considering the sequential relations of place signs painted in the Mixtec screenfolds, the spatial connections of geographic features visible today (features whose names and recent history are recorded in archival land records), and the sacred connections revealed by the actions of nobles and religious specialists in the Yanhuitlan idolatry investigation, strong proposals for the identification of particular place signs can be made. In turn, these identifications have broader implications for understanding colonial transformations of space. Over the course of the sixteenth century, sprawling pre-Hispanic polities were atomized. The land documents their leaders then created mapped out visions of political space that were far more circumscribed than those we see in pre-Hispanic books, and indeed in alphabetic documents—such as the Yanhuitlan idolatry investigation—that date to the first half of the sixteenth century. This suggests that different types of research methods are needed for studying landscape representations created before and after the middle of the sixteenth century.
GOVERNING SMALLER COMMUNITIES IN AZTEC MEXICO
Authors: Hicks Frederic 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe Nahua-speaking area of Postclassic central Mexico was composed of many city-states, which consisted of a nucleated and urbanized central area where the major political and economic centers were located, and a predominantly rural area where most of the people lived. This outlying area and its small communities had to be governed, and this paper identifies, from ethnohistorical sources, the most likely tasks of local government and the local officials responsible for carrying them out. Special attention is given to the role of the local nobility, where present, and of their equivalent, when not; to overseers of labor, and to leaders of the all-important labor squads which built and maintained the urban centers. The custodians of wealth and those most likely to have been military or ritual leaders are identified.
CONTINUITIES IN MAYA POLITICAL RHETORIC:K'AWIILS, K'ATUNS, AND KENNINGS
Authors: Rice Prudence M. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractClassic hieroglyphic texts do not describe Maya political organization, nor do colonial documents, forcing archaeologists to look elsewhere for clues. I propose that continuities in calendrically-based geopolitical rhetoric are recognizable in imagery and literary devices that can be traced from Preclassic/Formative times into the Colonial period. Imagery revolves around God K,k'awiil, and manikin scepters. The Classic manikin scepter materializes God K/K'awiil as a symbol of legitimate rulership, particularly at accession; the Postclassic analogue in the Dresden and Paris Codices is a God K effigy head, God K also symbolizingk'atuns. Related literary devices are kennings, specifically thetook'-pakalor “flint-and-shield,” which appear in Classic texts and in theChilam B'alambooks in the context of defeat in warfare, the latter particularly referring tok'atunwars. Interrelated concepts, including obsidian, mirrors, serpents, and one-legged deities in thePopol Vuhand in Mexico (Tezcatlipoca), amplify these proposed continuities.
POLYDACTYLY AND THE MAYA: A REVIEW AND A CASE FROM THE SITE OF PELIGROSO, UPPER MACAL RIVER VALLEY, BELIZE
Authors: Wrobel Gabriel D. , Helmke Christophe , Nash Lenna , Awe Jaime J. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA single right fifth metatarsal found in Tomb 1 at Peligroso, Belize exhibited a small deformity in the form of a small (7 mm) accessory digit emanating from the plantar surface at mid-shaft. This Type A postaxial polydactyly is the first archaeological example of polydactyly reported for Mesoamerica. Polydactyly is one of the more commonly reported morphological anomalies and thus its appearance in Maya populations would have been prevalent enough to demand explanation. A review of related terminology in pertinent Amerindian languages is presented as a means of exploring the manners in which digits and the human body are conceptualized. Maya iconographic representations of polydactyly at Palenque have parallels to other Mesoamerican renderings of supernumerary digits used to identify divinities and deified ancestors. However, the Peligroso mortuary context comprised disarticulated and commingled bones, suggesting that the individual did not have a distinctive social role related to the presence of an extra digit.
THE GROWTH AND DECLINE OF THE ANCIENT MAYA CITY OF LA MILPA, BELIZE: NEW DATA AND NEW PERSPECTIVES FROM THE SOUTHERN PLAZAS
Authors: Zaro Gregory , Houk Brett A. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractConstruction histories of ancient Maya monumental centers have long been used to interpret the growth and decline of Lowland Maya polities. Changes in the built environment at monumental centers reflect labor appropriation by ruling elites and may indirectly serve to gauge changes in political clout over time. Consequently, the precision and accuracy with which archaeologists measure these changes take on increased importance when assessing the ancient Maya political landscape. Recent excavations in the monumental core of La Milpa, Belize, have generated new data that call for a re-assessment of the center's historical trajectory. Our data indicate that La Milpa had a larger Late Preclassic foundation, likely grew much more incrementally through the Classic period, and persisted centuries longer than previously understood. The apparent persistence of occupation into the tenth centurya.d.challenges the traditionally accepted dates for La Milpa's abandonment, and, the ceramic sequence upon which it is often based.
The Namba mountains: new hope for Afromontane forest birds in Angola
Authors: MILLS MICHAEL S. L. , MELO MARTIM , VAZ ALEXANDRE 
Published: June 2012

SummaryAfromontane forest is the most localised and threatened habitat type in Angola. For the past 40 years the estimate of the area covered by this habitat in Angola has been c.200 ha. At present, 85 ha remain at Mt Moco, the most important known site to date. This habitat holds 20 bird taxa of conservation significance but some are now rare or absent at Mt Moco. Given the small extent of forest, its high conservation value and the severe human impacts on it, finding new areas of Afromontane forest is a high conservation priority. With this objective, we visited the Namba mountains in July 2010, where c.100 ha was thought to remain in the 1970s, to establish the extent and condition of forest there and to conduct bird surveys. We found closed-canopy Afromontane forest with an abundance ofPodocarpus latifoliusand little human disturbance. We recorded 89 bird species, 56 in or adjacent to forest and including all 20 priority taxa and a significant population of the Endangered Swierstra’s FrancolinPternistis swierstrai. On-screen digitising of forest patches using Google Earth indicates that the larger patches are an order of magnitude larger than at Mt Moco and that there is currently > 590 ha of forest in the Namba mountains, more than trebling the previous national estimate. The site qualifies as a new Important Bird Area and is a high priority for inclusion in Angola’s protected area network.
The Debate about a European Institutional Order among International Legal Scholars in the 1920s and its Legacy
Authors: GUIEU JEAN-MICHEL 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe inter-war period is a forgotten moment in the debate about a European institutional order amongst legal scholars. Although the European Communities established in the 1950s did not derive directly from the institutional schemes of the 1920s, the earlier period played an important role in the building of a specifically European legal doctrine. The failure of the universalist League of Nations led a certain number of international jurists, particularly French ones, to support regional solutions as an alternative. A European legal framework was thus seen as a possible way of adapting international law to meet the goals of peace and stability.