bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A physiotherapy service to an emergency extended care unit does not decrease admission rates to hospital: a randomised trial
Authors: Jesudason Christabel , Stiller Kathy , McInnes Matthew , Sullivan Thomas 
Published: September 2011

BackgroundOne of the reasons physiotherapy services are provided to emergency departments (EDs) and emergency extended care units (EECUs) is to review patients' mobility to ensure they are safe to be discharged home.AimTo investigate whether a physiotherapy service to an EECU altered the rate of hospital admission, rate of re-presentation to the ED, visits to community healthcare practitioners, return to usual work/home/leisure activities and patient satisfaction.MethodsA randomised trial with concealed allocation, assessor blinding and intention-to-treat analysis was undertaken in an EECU. The sample comprised 186 patients (mean age 70 years, 123 (66%) female patients, 130 (70%) trauma) who were referred for physiotherapy assessment/intervention. Referral occurred at any stage of the patients' EECU admission. All participants received medical/nursing care as required. The physiotherapy group also received physiotherapy assessment/intervention.ResultsThe physiotherapy group had a 4% (95% CI −18% to 9%) lower rate of admission to hospital than the control group and a 4% (95% CI −6% to 13%) higher rate of re-presentation to the ED, which were statistically non-significant (p≥0.45). Differences between groups for use of community healthcare resources, return to usual work/home/leisure activities and satisfaction with their EECU care were small and not significant.ConclusionA physiotherapy service for EECU patients, as provided in this study, did not reduce the rate of hospital admission, rate of re-presentation to the ED, use of community healthcare resources, or improve the rate of return to usual work/home/leisure activities or patient satisfaction.Trial registration numberANZCTRN12609000106235.
Psuedotumor cerebri presenting with ataxia and hyper-reflexia in a non-obese woman treated with sinus stenting
Authors: Teleb Mohamed S , Rekate Harold , Chung Steve , Albuquerque Felipe C 
Published: September 2011

AimTo report a successful treatment of an atypical case of pseudotumor cerebri.BackgroundPseudotumor cerebri is a disorder of raised intracranial pressure. Multiple Case Series have been published about its treatment with sinus stenting. All these cases have had typical presentations.CaseAn atypical fulminant case of pseudotumor cerebri which was treated successfully with venous sinus stenting.ConclusionVenous sinus stenting can be done effectively in atypical cases of pseudotumor cerebri.
Itraconazole Inhibits Angiogenesis and Tumor Growth in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Aftab Blake T. , Dobromilskaya Irina , Liu Jun O. , Rudin Charles M. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
The antiangiogenic agent bevacizumab has been approved for the treatment of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), although the survival benefit associated with this agent is marginal, and toxicities and cost are substantial. A recent screen for selective inhibitors of endothelial cell proliferation identified the oral antifungal drug itraconazole as a novel agent with potential antiangiogenic activity. In this article, we define and characterize the antiangiogenic and anticancer activities of itraconazole in relevant preclinical models of angiogenesis and lung cancer. Itraconazole consistently showed potent, specific, and dose-dependent inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation in response to both VEGF- and basic fibroblast growth factor–mediated angiogenic stimulation. In vivo, using primary xenograft models of human NSCLC, oral itraconazole showed single-agent growth-inhibitory activity associated with induction of tumor hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha expression and marked inhibition of tumor vascularity. Itraconazole significantly enhanced the antitumor efficacy of the chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin in the same model systems. Taken together, these data suggest that itraconazole has potent and selective inhibitory activity against multiple key aspects of tumor-associated angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo, and strongly support clinical translation of its use. Based on these observations, we have initiated a randomized phase II study comparing the efficacy of standard cytotoxic therapy with or without daily oral itraconazole in patients with recurrent metastatic NSCLC. Cancer Res; 71(21); 6764–72. ©2011 AACR.
Circulating Tumor Cell Isolation and Diagnostics: Toward Routine Clinical Use
Authors: van de Stolpe Anja , Pantel Klaus , Sleijfer Stefan , Terstappen Leon W. , den Toonder Jaap M.J. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
From February 7–11, 2011, the multidisciplinary Lorentz Workshop Circulating Tumor Cell (CTC) Isolation and Diagnostics: Toward Routine Clinical Use was held in Leiden (The Netherlands) to discuss progress and define challenges and potential solutions for development of clinically useful circulating tumor cell (CTC) diagnostics. CTCs, captured as “liquid biopsy” from blood, for counting and characterization using pathology and molecular assays, are expected to replace metastatic tissue biopsies to be used to predict drug response and resistance and to monitor therapy response and cancer recurrence. CTCs are highly heterogeneous; therefore, cancer type–specific isolation technologies, as well as complex clinical interpretation software, are required. Cancer Res; 71(18); 5955–60. ©2011 AACR.
Systems Biology: Confronting the Complexity of Cancer
Authors: Gentles Andrew J. , Gallahan Daniel 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
The AACR-NCI Conference “Systems Biology: Confronting the Complexity of Cancer” took place from February 27 to March 2, 2011, in San Diego, CA. Several themes resonated during the meeting, notably (i) the need for better methods to distill insights from large-scale networks, (ii) the importance of integrating multiple data types in constructing more realistic models, (iii) challenges in translating insights about tumorigenic mechanisms into therapeutic interventions, and (iv) the role of the tumor microenvironment, at the physical, cellular, and molecular levels. The meeting highlighted concrete applications of systems biology to cancer, and the value of collaboration between interdisciplinary researchers in attacking formidable problems. Cancer Res; 71(18); 5961–4. ©2011 AACR.
Inverse Association of Eosinophil Count with Colorectal Cancer Incidence: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Authors: Prizment Anna E. , Anderson Kristin E. , Visvanathan Kala , Folsom Aaron R. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Background: Allergic conditions are associated with reduced risk of several malignancies. We hypothesized that blood eosinophil count, a marker for allergic disorders, is inversely associated with the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities prospective cohort. To our knowledge, the association between blood eosinophil count and cancer risk has not been investigated before.
Methods: Relative eosinophil and total leukocyte counts were measured in blood at baseline. Absolute eosinophil counts were calculated by multiplying relative count by the total leukocyte count. Proportional hazards regression provided HRs and 95% CIs of CRC in relation to eosinophil count.
Results: From 1987–2006, 242 incident CRC cases (187 colon and 56 rectal) occurred in 10,675 initially cancer-free participants. In a multivariate-adjusted model, HRs were 1.0, 0.70 (95% CI: 0.50–0.98) and 0.58 (95% CI: 0.40–0.83) across tertiles of absolute eosinophil count (Ptrend = 0.003). A similar inverse association was observed for relative eosinophil count. Age, sex, race, or smoking status did not modify associations.
Conclusions and Impact: We observed an inverse association between blood eosinophil count and CRC risk. This novel finding supports the hypothesis that allergies are protective for CRC, as an increased eosinophil count correlates with allergy in the developed world. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(9); 1861–4. ©2011 AACR.
Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number and Risk of Gastric Cancer: a Report from the Shanghai Women's Health Study
Authors: Liao Linda M. , Baccarelli Andrea , Shu Xiao-Ou , Gao Yu-Tang , Ji Bu-Tian , Yang Gong , Li Hong-Lan , Hoxha Mirjam , Dioni Laura , Rothman Nathaniel , Zheng Wei , Chow Wong-Ho 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Background: Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is an approximately 16,000-bp circular double-stranded DNA molecule that is a prime target of oxidative damage. Several somatic mutations in mtDNA have been observed in gastric tumors, suggesting an involvement in gastric cancer risk and progression. mtDNA copy number in leukocyte DNA has also been linked to several other cancers, although the temporal relationship between mtDNA and cancer has not been adequately explored.
Methods: Using a nested case–control study design, we examined the association between mtDNA copy number in 162 gastric cancer cases and 299 matched controls within the Shanghai Women's Health Study, a large population-based prospective cohort. Relative mtDNA copy number was measured in triplicate by a quantitative real-time PCR assay in peripheral leukocytes.
Results: mtDNA copy number levels were comparable among cases and controls, with a median of 1.04 [interquartile range (IQR), 0.87–1.25] and 1.06 (IQR, 0.88–1.29), respectively. Overall, mtDNA was not associated with gastric cancer risk. However, the association differed when stratified by the time between sample collection and cancer diagnosis. An association between low levels of mtDNA copy number (&lt;median) and gastric cancer risk was apparent among earlier diagnosed cases, in particular, those diagnosed within 2 years of sample collection (OR = 5.32; 95% CI = 1.03–27.60). This association was not present as the time between sample collection and cancer diagnosis increased.
Conclusions and Impact: Our findings suggest that there is no association between leukocyte mtDNA copy number and risk of developing gastric cancer; however, we observed a possible early disease effect on mtDNA copy number levels. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(9); 1944–9. ©2011 AACR.
Sucrose, High-Sugar Foods, and Risk of Endometrial Cancer—a Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Friberg Emilie , Wallin Alice , Wolk Alicja 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackground: Consumption of high-sugar foods stimulates insulin production, which has been associated with endometrial cancer. Although a relationship between sucrose, high-sugar food consumption, and endometrial cancer risk is biologically plausible, this hypothesis has previously been explored in very few studies.Methods: We used data from the Swedish Mammography Cohort, including 61,226 women aged 40 to 74 years. We examined the association between consumption of total sucrose, high-sugar foods (at baseline 1987–1990 and 1997) and endometrial cancer risk by using Cox proportional hazards models to estimate incidence rate ratios (RR) with 95% CI.Results: During 18.4 years of follow-up, 729 participants were diagnosed with incident endometrial cancer. Total sucrose intake and consumption of sweet buns and cookies was associated with increased risk of endometrial cancer. RRs (with 95% CIs) for consuming more than 35 grams of sucrose per day and consuming sweet buns and cookies more than 3 times per week were 1.36 (1.04–1.77) and 1.42 (1.15–1.75) as compared with less than 15 grams of sucrose per day and consuming sweet buns and cookies less than 0.5 times per week, respectively. RRs for consuming more than 15 grams of sucrose per day as compared with 15 grams or less were 1.97 (1.27–3.04) among obese women and 1.56 (1.20–2.04) among women with low fat intake.Conclusions: These data indicate that sucrose intake and consumption of sweet buns and cookies may be associated with increased risk of endometrial cancer.Impact: Given the high intake of sweetened foods, these results have public health implications in terms of prevention of endometrial cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(9); 1831–7. ©2011 AACR.
Functional Polymorphisms in UDP-Glucuronosyl Transferases and Recurrence in Tamoxifen-Treated Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Ahern Thomas P. , Christensen Mariann , Cronin-Fenton Deirdre P. , Lunetta Kathryn L. , Søiland Håvard , Gjerde Jennifer , Garne Jens Peter , Rosenberg Carol L. , Silliman Rebecca A. , Sørensen Henrik Toft , Lash Timothy L. , Hamilton-Dutoit Stephen 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Background: Tamoxifen is oxidized by cytochrome-P450 enzymes (e.g., CYP2D6) to two active metabolites, which are eliminated via glucuronidation by UDP-glucuronosyl transferases (UGT). We measured the association between functional polymorphisms in key UGTs (UGT2B15*2, UGT2B7*2, and UGT1A8*3) and the recurrence rate among breast cancer survivors.
Methods: We used the Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group registry to identify 541 cases of recurrent breast cancer among women with estrogen receptor-positive tumors treated with tamoxifen for at least 1 year (ER+/TAM+), and 300 cases of recurrent breast cancer among women with estrogen receptor-negative tumors who were not treated with tamoxifen (ER−/TAM−). We matched one control to each case on ER status, menopausal status, stage, calendar period, and county. UGT polymorphisms were genotyped from archived primary tumors. We estimated the recurrence OR for the UGT polymorphisms by using logistic regression models, with and without stratification on CYP2D6*4 genotype.
Results: No UGT polymorphism was associated with breast cancer recurrence in either the ER+/TAM+ or ER−/TAM− groups [in the ER+/TAM+ group, compared with two normal alleles: adjusted OR for two UGT2B15*2 variant alleles = 1.0 (95% CI, 0.70–1.5); adjusted OR for two UGT2B7*2 variant alleles = 0.96 (95% CI, 0.65–1.4); adjusted OR for one or two UGT1A8*3 variant alleles = 0.95 (0.49–1.9)]. Associations were similar within strata of CYP2D6*4 genotype.
Conclusions: Functional polymorphisms in key tamoxifen-metabolizing enzymes were not associated with breast cancer recurrence risk.
Impact: Our results do not support the genotyping of key metabolic enzyme polymorphisms to predict response to tamoxifen therapy. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(9); 1937–43. ©2011 AACR.
Replication of Breast Cancer GWAS Susceptibility Loci in the Women's Health Initiative African American SHARe Study
Authors: Hutter Carolyn M. , Young Alicia M. , Ochs-Balcom Heather M. , Carty Cara L. , Wang Tao , Chen Christina T.L. , Rohan Thomas E. , Kooperberg Charles , Peters Ulrike 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Background: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified loci associated with risk of breast cancer. These studies have primarily been conducted in populations of European descent. To fully understand the impact of these loci, it is important to study groups with other genetic ancestries, including African American women.
Methods: We examined 22 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), previously identified in GWAS of breast cancer risk in European and Asian descent women (index SNPs), and SNPs in the surrounding regions in a study of 7,800 African American women (including 316 women with incident invasive breast cancer) from the Women's Health Initiative SNP Health Association Resource.
Results: Two index SNPs were associated with breast cancer: rs3803662 at 16q12.2/TOX3 (Hazard ratio [HR] for the T allele = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.67–0.92, P = 0.003) and rs10941679 at 5p12 (HR for the G allele = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.06–1.63, P = 0.014). When we expanded to regions, the 3p24.1 region showed an association with breast cancer risk (permutation based P = 0.027) and three regions (10p15.1, 10q26.13/FGFR2, and 16q12.2/TOX3) showed a trend toward association.
Conclusion: Our findings provide evidence that some breast cancer GWAS regions may be associated with breast cancer in African American women. Larger, more comprehensive studies are needed to fully assess generalizability of published GWAS findings and to identify potential novel associations in African American populations.
Impact: Both replication and lack of replication of published GWAS findings in other ancestral groups provides important information of the genetic etiology of this disease and may impact translation of GWAS findings to clinical and public health settings. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(9); 1950–9. ©2011 AACR.
Role of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance as a Gatekeeper to Invasive Coronary Angiography in Patients Presenting With Heart Failure of Unknown Etiology
Authors: Assomull Ravi G. , Shakespeare Carl , Kalra Paul R. , Lloyd Guy , Gulati Ankur , Strange Julian , Bradlow William M. , Lyne Jonathan , Keegan Jennifer , Poole-Wilson Philip , Cowie Martin R. , Pennell Dudley J. , Prasad Sanjay K. 
Published: September 2011

Background—
In patients presenting with new-onset heart failure of uncertain etiology, the role of coronary angiography (CA) is unclear. Although conventionally performed to differentiate underlying coronary artery disease from dilated cardiomyopathy, CA is associated with a risk of complications and may not detect an ischemic cause resulting from arterial recanalization or an embolic episode. In this study, we assessed the diagnostic accuracy of a cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) protocol incorporating late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and magnetic resonance CA as a noninvasive gatekeeper to CA in determining the etiology of heart failure in this subset of patients.

Methods and Results—
One hundred twenty consecutive patients underwent CMR and CA. The etiology was ascribed by a consensus panel that used the results of the CMR scans. Similarly, a separate consensus group ascribed an underlying cause by using the results of CA. The diagnostic accuracy of both strategies was compared against a gold-standard panel that made a definitive judgment by reviewing all clinical data. The study was powered to show noninferiority between the 2 techniques. The sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 96%, and diagnostic accuracy of 97% for LGE-CMR were equivalent to CA (sensitivity, 93%; specificity, 96%; and diagnostic accuracy, 95%). As a gatekeeper to CA, LGE-CMR was also found to be a cheaper diagnostic strategy in a decision tree model when United Kingdom–based costs were assumed. The economic merits of this model would change, depending on the relative costs of LGE-CMR and CA in any specific healthcare system.

Conclusion—
This study showed that LGE-CMR is a safe, clinically effective, and potentially economical gatekeeper to CA in patients presenting with heart failure of uncertain etiology.
Reversal of Rivaroxaban and Dabigatran by Prothrombin Complex Concentrate
Authors: Eerenberg Elise S. , Kamphuisen Pieter W. , Sijpkens Meertien K. , Meijers Joost C. , Buller Harry R. , Levi Marcel 
Published: September 2011

Background—
Rivaroxaban and dabigatran are new oral anticoagulants that specifically inhibit factor Xa and thrombin, respectively. Clinical studies on the prevention and treatment of venous and arterial thromboembolism show promising results. A major disadvantage of these anticoagulants is the absence of an antidote in case of serious bleeding or when an emergency intervention needs immediate correction of coagulation. This study evaluated the potential of prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) to reverse the anticoagulant effect of these drugs.

Methods and Results—

In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 12 healthy male volunteers received rivaroxaban 20 mg twice daily (n=6) or dabigatran 150 mg twice daily (n=6) for 2½ days, followed by either a single bolus of 50 IU/kg PCC (Cofact) or a similar volume of saline. After a washout period, this procedure was repeated with the other anticoagulant treatment. Rivaroxaban induced a significant prolongation of the prothrombin time (15.8±1.3 versus 12.3±0.7 seconds at baseline;
P
<0.001) that was immediately and completely reversed by PCC (12.8±1.0;
P
<0.001). The endogenous thrombin potential was inhibited by rivaroxaban (51±22%; baseline, 92±22%;
P
=0.002) and normalized with PCC (114±26%;
P
<0.001), whereas saline had no effect. Dabigatran increased the activated partial thromboplastin time, ecarin clotting time (ECT), and thrombin time. Administration of PCC did not restore these coagulation tests.

Conclusion—
Prothrombin complex concentrate immediately and completely reverses the anticoagulant effect of rivaroxaban in healthy subjects but has no influence on the anticoagulant action of dabigatran at the PCC dose used in this study.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.trialregister.nl
. Unique identifier: NTR2272.
Predicting the Restenosis Benefit of Drug-Eluting Versus Bare Metal Stents in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Yeh Robert W. , Normand Sharon-Lise T. , Wolf Robert E. , Jones Philip G. , Ho Kalon K.L. , Cohen David J. , Cutlip Donald E. , Mauri Laura , Kugelmass Aaron D. , Amin Amit P. , Spertus John A. 
Published: September 2011

Background—
Drug-eluting stents (DES) for percutaneous coronary intervention decrease the risk of restenosis compared with bare metal stents. However, they are costlier, require prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy, and provide the most benefit in patients at highest risk for restenosis. To assist physicians in targeting DES use in patients at the highest risk for target vessel revascularization (TVR), we developed and validated a model to predict TVR.

Methods and Results—

Preprocedural clinical and angiographic data from 27 107 percutaneous coronary intervention hospitalizations between October 1, 2004, and September 30, 2007, in Massachusetts were used to develop prediction models for TVR at 1 year. Models were developed from a two-thirds random sample and validated in the remaining third. The overall rate of TVR was 7.6% (6.7% with DES, 11% with bare metal stents). Significant predictors of TVR included prior percutaneous coronary intervention, emergency or salvage percutaneous coronary intervention, prior coronary bypass surgery, peripheral vascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and angiographic characteristics. The model was superior to a 3-variable model of diabetes mellitus, stent diameter, and stent length (c statistic, 0.66 versus 0.60;
P
<0.001) and was well calibrated. The predicted number needed to treat with DES to prevent 1 TVR compared with bare metal stents ranged from 6 (95% confidence interval, 5.4–7.6) to 80 (95% confidence interval, 62.7–116.3), depending on patients' clinical and angiographic factors.

Conclusions—
A predictive model using commonly collected variables can identify patients who may derive the greatest benefit in TVR reduction from DES. Whether use of the model improves the safety and cost-effectiveness of DES use should be tested prospectively.