bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
African American women's beliefs about mental illness, stigma, and preferred coping behaviors
Authors: Ward Earlise C. , Heidrich Susan M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe examined African American women's representations/beliefs about mental illness, preferred coping behaviors if faced with mental illness, whether perceived stigma was associated with treatment‐seeking, and if so, whether it was related to beliefs and coping preference, and whether these variables differed by age group. Participants were 185 community‐dwelling African American women 25 to 85 years of age. Results indicated the women believed that mental illness is caused by several factors, including family‐related stress and social stress due to racism, is cyclical, and has serious consequences but can be controlled by treatment. Participants endorsed low perceptions of stigma. Major preferred coping strategies included praying and seeking medical and mental health care. Age differences were found in all variables except stigma. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 32:480–492, 2009
Fibril protein fragmentation pattern in systemic AL‐amyloidosis
Authors: Enqvist Stina , Sletten Knut , Westermark Per 
Published: July 2009

AbstractImmunoglobulin light chain (AL)‐amyloidosis was one of the first types of amyloidosis discovered and still little is known about its pathogenic mechanisms. One major obstacle is the very heterogeneous condition; in fact, every patient could be considered to have their own disease since symptoms and outcome vary enormously. The reason for this is not known but intrinsic factors of the immunoglobulin light chain (LC) and the fact that every LC is unique seem to be important. Post‐translational modifications such as glycosylation and proteolysis are most certainly involved. By using western blotting, we studied in detail the proteolytic pattern in six patients with AL‐amyloidosis of kappa type with the aid of three peptide antisera against two domains in the constant segment and one conserved domain in framework 3 of the variable region. Materials from one to five organs were analysed. The result clearly demonstrates that the fragmentation pattern was similar in amyloid of different organs in one patient but differed greatly between patients. Full‐length, N‐, and C‐terminal fragments were detected with the three antisera. The results strongly support the hypothesis that proteolytic cleavage occurs after fibril formation. Copyright © 2009 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Type 1 deiodinase activity and generation of triiodothyronine (T3) in prostate of sexually active rats
Authors: López‐Juárez Alejandra , Delgado Guadalupe , Aceves Carmen , Anguiano Brenda 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBACKGROUNDThyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) are involved in the development and function of the male reproductive system. The type 1 deiodinase enzyme (D1) plays a major role in the intracellular conversion of T4 to the active form, T3. D1 is expressed in the prostate of pubescent rats, but it is unknown whether locally generated T3 is involved in the development and function of this gland.METHODSD1 activity was analyzed in prostates from neonatal to old rats. Local T3 generation (D1 and T3 levels) was evaluated in adult animals with 1–5 months of continuous sexual activity. D1 activity was measured by the radiolabeled‐iodide‐release method and T3 concentration by radioimmunoassay. Secretory activity of the prostate was evaluated by a morphological analysis of epithelium (hematoxilin‐eosin stain) and by measuring the activity of acid phosphatase as a marker enzyme for secretion.RESULTSThe highest prostate D1 activity was expressed around puberty, and it was almost undetectable during the neonatal period and with aging. Interestingly, 1 and 4 months of sexual activity avoided the decrease of D1 activity associated with aging. Sexual activity provoked a hypertrophy and functional hyperplasia in all lobes, but D1 and acid phosphatase activity increased only in the ventral lobe. D1 activity correlated with an increase in the prostatic T3 concentration.CONCLUSIONSThe increased local generation of T3 in prostate might be related to: (1) the differentiation/maturation that occurs at puberty and (2) the energy expenditure associated with maintaining the secretory activity of the glandular epithelium. Prostate 69: 1651–1659, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electronic transport of silicon nanowires with surface defects
Authors: Li Junwen , Jayasekera Thushari , Meunier Vincent , Mintmire John W. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe report first‐principle results for the electronic transport properties of silicon nanowires along the 〈110〉 direction with hydroxyl surface defects. The Hamiltonian and overlap matrices of the system are obtained using an all‐electron, Gaussian‐basis, local‐density functional approach adapted for helical symmetry and the transport calculation makes use of the Landauer approach. We show that the hydroxyl defects can greatly reduce the conductance of hydrogen‐passivated Si nanowires and can be used to tune the conductance of the silicon nanowires. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
Strong correlation effects in the electron binding energies of phthalocyanine
Authors: Zakrzewski Viatcheslav G. , Dolgounitcheva Olga , Ortiz J. V. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractVertical ionization energies of free‐base phthalocyanine are determined with the partial third‐order and the third‐order algebraic diagrammatic construction approximations of electron propagator theory. A triple‐ζ plus polarization basis set is used in calculations performed with semidirect algorithms. Strong correlation effects occur for all final states with π holes. Whereas the Koopmans description of the lowest cationic state retains some qualitative validity, this approximation collapses in the remaining π final states. The results are in good agreement with photoelectron spectra. Two vertical electron affinities correspond to bound 2B1g and 2B2g anionic states of phthalocyanine. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
Spatial distribution of large wood jams in streams related to stream‐valley geomorphology and forest age in Northern Michigan
Authors: Morris Arthur E. L. , Goebel P. Charles , Palik Brian J. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractGeomorphology at the scale of stream valleys influences smaller scale processes that give rise to spatially distributed patches, including large wood jams (LWJ) in streams. Understanding the spatial distribution of LWJ along streams with reference to large‐scale geomorphology is valuable for understanding stream and riparian interactions, and may be critical for effective stream management and restoration. We surveyed the locations of LWJ along 18 stream segments within study areas defined by stream‐valley geomorphology. The objective of this study was to test the prediction that LWJ in this system will be aggregated in areas defined by stream‐valley geomorphology, but be randomly distributed at smaller scales. The spatial distribution of LWJ was analysed by a one‐dimensionalK‐function analysis capable of detecting aggregated, random and segregated patterns at different scales. The prediction that LWJ aggregate in areas defined by stream‐valley geomorphology was supported: LWJ aggregated at scales up to several kilometres in three streams. LWJ also was segregated at smaller scales in two of these streams; this was detectable when several stream valley segments were considered together. The prediction that LWJ would be randomly distributed at smaller scales was supported at most smaller scales for most streams. In fact, 40% of individual stream valley segments contained LWJ that were randomly distributed at all scales. Twenty‐seven per cent of individual stream valley segments showed segregated LWJ distributions. Large‐scale aggregation of LWJ evidences the need to select reference reaches that encompass several geomorphic patches at the scale of the stream valley. Segregated patterns of LWJ distributions evidence opportunities to better understand the relationships between hydraulic systems, material transport dynamics and riparian forests. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Admission control and handover management for high‐speed trains in vehicular geostationary satellite networks with terrestrial gap‐filling
Authors: Lattanzi Fabio , Giambene Giovanni , Acar Guray , Evans Barry 
Published: July 2009

AbstractFollowing a recent upgrade, the Digital Video Broadcasting—Return Channel Satellite (DVB‐RCS) standard sets up to support terminal mobility. In this scenario, integration with terrestrial systems becomes a primary concern to ensure network connectivity in urban areas. This article proposes an integrated satellite–terrestrial architecture for the provision of broadband services onboard high‐speed trains, in which terrestrial cellular networks are seen as viable gap‐fillers for discontinuous satellite coverage. We derive an analytical model of the hybrid DVB‐RCS‐cellular system by exploiting analogies between the mobility pattern predictability of LEO constellations and that of high‐speed trains. Terminals whose QoS cannot be guaranteed by the satellite segment are proposed to temporarily divert the connections towards the terrestrial infrastructure, where available. Using an iterative approach based on the Erlang fixed‐point approximation, we show performance improvements with respect to stand‐alone satellite systems in terms of handover failure probability and overall resource utilization. The analytical model is also validated via our ns2‐based DVB‐RCS packet‐level simulator. Detailed modelling of synchronization and signalling mechanisms confirms the accuracy of the analytical results, and shows that topology and mobility information can contribute to refine radio resource utilization optimality when used jointly. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamics of concurrent software development
Authors: Rahmandad Hazhir , Weiss David M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn a concurrent development process different releases of a software product overlap. Organizations involved in concurrent software development not only experience the dynamics common to single projects, but also face interactions between different releases of their product: they share resources among different stages of different projects, including customer support, they have a common code base and architecture that carries problems across releases, they use the same capabilities, and their market success in early releases impacts their resources in later ones. Drawing on two case studies we discuss some of the feedback processes central to concurrent software development and build a simple simulation model to analyze the resulting dynamics. This model sheds light on tipping dynamics, the nature of inter‐project feedback loops, and alternative resource allocation policies relevant to management of concurrent software development. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Neurotransmitter VIP Expands the Pool of Symmetrically Dividing Postnatal Dentate Gyrus Precursors via VPAC2 Receptors or Directs Them Toward a Neuronal Fate via VPAC1 receptors
Authors: Zaben Malik , John Sheward W. , Shtaya Anan , Abbosh Christopher , Harmar Anthony J. , Pringle Ashley K. , Gray William P. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe controlled production of neurons in the postnatal dentate gyrus and thoughout life is important for hippocampal learning and memory. The mechanisms underlying the necessary coupling of neuronal activity to neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC) function remain poorly understood. Within the dentate subgranular stem cell niche, local interneurons appear to play an important part in this excitation-neurogenesis coupling via GABAergic transmission, which promotes neuronal differentiation and integration. Here we show that vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, a neuropeptide coreleased with GABA under specific firing conditions, is uniquely trophic for proliferating postnatal nestin-positive dentate NSPCs, mediated via the VPAC2 receptor. We also show that VPAC2 receptor activation shifts the fate of symmetrically dividing NSPCs toward a nestin-only phenotype, independent of the trophic effect. In contrast, selective VPAC1 receptor activation shifts NSPC fate toward granule cell neurogenesis without any trophism. We confirm a trophic role for VPAC2 receptors in vivo, showing reduced progeny survival and dentate neurogenesis in adult Vipr2−/− mice. We also show a specific reduction in type 2 nestin-positive precursors in vivo, consistent with a role for VPAC2 in maintaining this cell population. This work provides the first evidence of differential fate modulation of neurogenesis by neurotransmitter receptor subtypes and extends the fate-determining effects of neurotransmitters to maintaining the nestin-positive pool of NSPCs. This differential receptor effect may support the independent pharmacological manipulation of precursor pool expansion and neurogenic instruction for therapeutic application in the treatment of cognitive deficits associated with a decline in neurogenesis.
Direct Evidence of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Tropism for Tumor and Wounding Microenvironments Using In Vivo Bioluminescent Imaging
Authors: Kidd Shannon , Spaeth Erika , Dembinski Jennifer L. , Dietrich Martin , Watson Keri , Klopp Ann , Battula Venkata Lokesh , Weil Micheal , Andreeff Michael , Marini Frank C. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSC) have shown potential clinical utility. However, previous assessments of MSC behavior in recipients have relied on visual detection in host tissue following sacrifice, failing to monitor in vivo MSC dispersion in a single animal and limiting the number of variables that can be observed concurrently. In this study, we used noninvasive, in vivo bioluminescent imaging to determine conditions under which MSC selectively engraft in sites of inflammation. MSC modified to express firefly luciferase (ffLuc-MSC) were injected into healthy mice or mice bearing inflammatory insults, and MSC localization was followed with bioluminescent imaging. The inflammatory insults investigated included cutaneous needle-stick and surgical incision wounds, as well as xenogeneic and syngeneic tumors. We also compared tumor models in which MSC were i.v. or i.p. delivered. Our results demonstrate that ffLuc-expressing human MSC (hMSC) systemically delivered to nontumor-bearing animals initially reside in the lungs, then egress to the liver and spleen, and decrease in signal over time. However, hMSC in wounded mice engraft and remain detectable only at injured sites. Similarly, in syngeneic and xenogeneic breast carcinoma-bearing mice, bioluminescent detection of systemically delivered MSC revealed persistent, specific colocalization with sites of tumor development. This pattern of tropism was also observed in an ovarian tumor model in which MSC were i.p. injected. In this study, we identified conditions under which MSC tropism and selective engraftment in sites of inflammation can be monitored by bioluminescent imaging over time. Importantly, these consistent findings were independent of tumor type, immunocompetence, and route of MSC delivery.
Reference ranges for middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity in monochorionic diamniotic twins: a longitudinal study
Authors: Klaritsch P. , Deprest J. , Van Mieghem T. , Gucciardo L. , Doné E. , Jani J. , Lewi P. , Rasmussen S. , Lewi L. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjectivesThe role of middle cerebral artery (MCA) peak systolic velocity (PSV) has become established in the management of fetal anemia. To date, singleton reference ranges have also been used in twin pregnancies. However, in monochorionic twin pregnancies, normal ranges for cerebral blood flow may differ from those in singletons owing to intertwin blood exchange. We aimed to establish gestational age‐specific reference ranges for MCA‐PSV in monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twin pregnancies, to compare them with previously reported singleton reference ranges, and to establish terms for calculating conditional reference intervals appropriate for individual serial measurements.MethodsIn a prospective longitudinal study we examined 50 uncomplicated MCDA pregnancies that were recruited between 11 and 14 weeks of gestation. Fetal MCA Doppler waveforms were assessed biweekly from 15 weeks of gestation onwards. Multilevel modeling was used to estimate gestational age‐specific reference ranges for MCA‐PSV and terms for conditional reference intervals were established.ResultsBased on 824 observations in 100 fetuses, normative ranges from 15 to 37 weeks of gestation were constructed. Median MCA‐PSV increased with advancing gestational age. Measurements between 18 and 37 weeks were comparable to those in singletons. However, before 18 weeks MCA‐PSV values were higher in MCDA twin pregnancies compared with singleton references.ConclusionsBetween 18 and 37 weeks of gestation, reference ranges of singletons can be used to assess fetal anemia in MCDA twin pregnancies. Prior to 18 weeks the application of singleton references may lead to an increased number of false‐positive diagnoses of presumed fetal anemia in MCDA twin pregnancies. Copyright © 2009 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Ca2Ag1.83Al0.67Ge1.50 – A Solid Solution with the NbCoB‐type structure
Authors: Ponou Siméon , Lidin Sven 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe crystal structure of the new phase, Ca2Ag1.83Al0.67Ge1.50(1) (1) was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, after the compound was obtained by high temperature synthesis technique. 1 crystallizes with the NbCoB type structure in the orthorhombic space group Pmmn (no. 59) with unit cell parameters: a = 20.505(1) Å, b = 4.3807(2) Å, c = 7.2211(3) Å, V = 648.65 Å3 (Z = 5). The structure of the title compound represent a rare intergrowth of the well known KHg2 (or CeCu2) and Fe2P type structures.
Ring‐shaped [(TiCl2)(1,3‐P2S8)]2 Molecules Containing Uncommon [P2S8]2– Anions
Authors: Hoppe Diana , Pfitzner Arno 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIntensely red, moisture‐sensitive crystals of [(TiCl2)(1,3‐P2S8)]2 were obtained by the reaction of TiCl4 and P4S10 at room temperature. The crystal structure determination revealed molecules formally consisting of two units of the anion [1,3‐P2S8]2– connected with two [TiCl2]2+ cations resulting in the ring‐shaped [(TiCl2)(1,3‐P2S8)]2. The thiophosphate [1,3‐P2S8]2– forms a six‐membered ring and has a rather uncommon constitution among the multitude of anionic phosphorus sulfides and selenides.
Interaction of four parallel non‐symmetric permeable mode‐III cracks with different lengths in a functionally graded piezoelectric material plane
Authors: Zhang P.‐W. , Zhou Z.‐G. , Li G. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn this paper, the behavior of four parallel non‐symmetric permeable cracks with different lengths in a functionally graded piezoelectric material plane subjected to anti‐plane shear stress loading was studied by the Schmidt method. The problem was formulated through Fourier transform into four pairs of dual integral equations, in which unknown variables are the jumps of displacements across the crack surfaces. To solve the dual integral equations, the jumps of displacements across the crack surfaces were directly expanded as a series of Jacobi polynomials. The results show that the stress intensity factors at the crack tips depend on the lengths and spacing of cracks and the material parameters. It is also revealed that the crack shielding effect presents in functionally graded piezoelectric materials.
Evaluation of three immobilization combinations in the capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris)
Authors: King Jay D. , Congdon Elizabeth , Tosta Carolina 
Published: July 2009

AbstractCapybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) are the world's largest rodent. Owing to its uniqueness, 50 AZA institutions in North America display this species. As shown by a survey, no standard anesthetic protocol has been developed for this species. As a part of an ongoing behavioral study in Venezuela, capybaras were surgically implanted with radio transmitters. Animals were randomly assigned to one of the three immobilization protocols: (1) Tiletamine HCl/Zolazepam HCl, (2) Tiletamine HCl/Zolazepam HCl/Medetomidine HCl, and (3) Tiletamine HCl/Zolazepam HCl/Medetomidine HCl/Butorphanol tartrate. The protocol recommended for minimally invasive procedures when inhalant anesthetics are unavailable is a combination of Tiletamine HCl/Zolazepam HCl/Medetomidine HCl/Butorphanol tartrate. This is based on ease of administration, volume, onset of action, depth of anesthetic achieved, reversibility, safety, and costs. Zoo Biol 29:59–67, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Systematic Video Game Training in Surgical Novices Improves Performance in Virtual Reality Endoscopic Surgical Simulators: A Prospective Randomized Study
Authors: Schlickum Marcus Kolga , Hedman Leif , Enochsson Lars , Kjellin Ann , Felländer‐Tsai Li 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have shown a correlation between previous video game experience and performance in minimally invasive surgical simulators. The hypothesis is that systematic video game training with high visual‐spatial demands and visual similarity to endoscopy would show a transfer effect on performance in virtual reality endoscopic surgical simulation.MethodsA prospective randomized study was performed. Thirty surgical novices were matched and randomized to five weeks of systematic video game training in either a first‐person shooter game (Half Life) with high visual‐spatial demands and visual similarities to endoscopy or a video game with mainly cognitive demands (Chessmaster). A matched control group (n = 10) performed no video game training during five weeks. Performance in two virtual reality endoscopic surgical simulators (MIST‐VR and GI Mentor II) was measured pre‐ and post‐training. Before simulator training we also controlled for students’ visual‐spatial ability, visual working memory, age, and previous video game experience.ResultsThe group training with Half Life showed significant improvement in two GI Mentor II variables and the MIST‐VR task MD level medium. The group training with Chessmaster only showed an improvement in the MIST‐VR task. No effect was observed in the control group. As recently shown in other studies, current and previous video game experience was important for simulator performance.ConclusionsSystematic video game training improved surgical performance in advanced virtual reality endoscopic simulators. The transfer effect increased when increasing visual similarity. The performance in intense, visual‐spatially challenging video games might be a predictive factor for the outcome in surgical simulation.
Surgical strategy of biliary papillomatosis in Western countries
Authors: Vibert Eric , Dokmak Safi , Belghiti Jacques 
Published: July 2009

AbstractSurgical resection, considered the optimal treatment of biliary papillomatosis, often remains incomplete due to high risk of recurrence in view of positive margins or recurrence on the remnant bile duct because of its multifocality. Resection of the whole biliary tree by liver transplantation and duodenopancreatectomy can be regarded as the only curative treatment. However, this approach has resulted in unfavorable results in patients with advanced tumor invasion and/or positive lymph nodes. For the majority of biliary tumors, preoperative assessment is often insufficient. Therefore, we advocate initial partial resection as a first step to eliminate both advanced tumor invasion and/or positive lymph nodes on definitive analysis of the specimen. We propose the strategy of initial resection for selecting the patients who would actually benefit from liver transplantation.