bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using airborne scanning laser altimetry (LiDAR) to estimate surface connectivity of floodplain water bodies
Authors: Negishi J. N. , Sagawa S. , Sanada S. , Kume M. , Ohmori T. , Miyashita T. , Kayaba Y. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThis study tested the applicability of airborne scanning laser altimetry (LiDAR) for characterizing surface connectivity of floodplain water bodies by comparing it with in situ measurements of water levels, and examined whether LiDAR derived data accurately predicted the occurrence of globally imperilled unionid mussels. We intensively examined 10 isolated and 3 connected floodplain water bodies (IWBs and CWBs, respectively) located within a 15‐km lowland segment of the Kiso River in Japan. Using a digital elevation model (DEM) of floodplain ground surface, which is derived from LiDAR, and water surface DEM, which is obtained from records of water level fluctuations, the frequency of surface connectivity between IWBs and the main channel (inundation frequency) was calculated. Inundation frequency of IWBs was also measured in situ using water level and temperature probes. Also, the occurrence of mussels in CWBs and IWBs were examined. LiDAR derived data well predicted in situ derived one with a high level of accuracy (r2 > 0.77), validating the LiDAR‐based approach. Some errors existed in the predictive model, indicating that the applicability of LiDAR data is limited by its spatial resolution and snapshot nature. The occurrence of mussels was positively explained by an increasing level of inundation frequency, and the high accuracies of empirical models were validated using data for other 67 water bodies within the study segment. This study overall demonstrated a high potential of LiDAR data for efficiently monitoring hydrological and biological conditions of floodplain water bodies in the Kiso River and beyond. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of δD and δ18O as natural markers of invertebrate source environment and dispersal in the middle Mississippi River‐floodplain ecosystem
Authors: Myers D. J. , Whitledge G. W. , Whiles M. R. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTMovement of invertebrates among large rivers, tributaries, and floodplain lakes or dispersal of adult aquatic insects from riverine or floodplain habitats may provide important subsidies to food webs in receiving habitats. Intensive sampling at habitat interfaces and artificial labelling are two approaches to assess freshwater invertebrate dispersal, but these are difficult to implement at a landscape scale. Natural chemical tracers have been used to track dispersal of fishes and marine invertebrates, but the potential applicability of stable isotope ratios as natural tracers of invertebrate dispersal in freshwater environments has not been assessed. We evaluated stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes (δD and δ18O) as natural markers of source environment and dispersal of macroinvertebrates in the middle Mississippi River, tributaries and floodplain wetlands. Water and invertebrates were collected from 12 sites during 2007–2008. Water δD and δ18O differed among the river, its tributaries, and floodplain wetlands and were strongly correlated with invertebrate δD and δ18O. Variability in invertebrate δ18O rendered it ineffective as an indicator of invertebrate source environment. Mean δD of Mississippi River invertebrates differed from δD of invertebrates from floodplain wetlands; δD distinguished invertebrates from these two environments with >80% accuracy. Neither δD nor δ18O of aquatic insects changed following emergence from their natal site. Preservation method (ethanol or freezing) did not affect invertebrate δD or δ18O. Invertebrate δD may be a useful natural tracer of natal environment and dispersal in the Mississippi River‐floodplain ecosystem and other freshwater systems where spatial variation in water δD is present. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel plant communities limit the effects of a managed flood to restore riparian forests along a large regulated river
Authors: Cooper D. J. , Andersen D. C. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTDam releases used to create downstream flows that mimic historic floods in timing, peak magnitude and recession rate are touted as key tools for restoring riparian vegetation on large regulated rivers. We analysed a flood on the 5th‐order Green River below Flaming Gorge Dam, Colorado, in a broad alluvial valley where Fremont cottonwood riparian forests have senesced and little recruitment has occurred since dam completion in 1962. The stable post dam flow regime triggered the development of novel riparian communities with dense herbaceous plant cover. We monitored cottonwood recruitment on landforms inundated by a managed flood equal in magnitude and timing to the average pre‐dam flood. To understand the potential for using managed floods as a riparian restoration tool, we implemented a controlled and replicated experiment to test the effects of artificially modified ground layer vegetation on cottonwood seedling establishment. Treatments to remove herbaceous vegetation and create bare ground included herbicide application (H), ploughing (P), and herbicide plus ploughing (H + P). Treatment improved seedling establishment. Initial seedling densities on treated areas were as much as 1200% higher than on neighbouring control (C) areas, but varied over three orders of magnitude among the five locations where manipulations were replicated. Only two replicates showed the expected seedling density rank of (H + P) > P > H> C. Few seedlings established in control plots and none survived 1 year. Seedling density was strongly affected by seed rain density. Herbivory affected growth and survivorship of recruits, and few survived nine growing seasons. Our results suggest that the novel plant communities are ecologically and geomorphically resistant to change. Managed flooding alone, using flows equal to the pre‐dam mean annual peak flood, is an ineffective riparian restoration tool where such ecosystem states are present and floods cannot create new habitat for seedling establishment. This problem significantly limits long‐term river and riparian management options. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Discriminative frequent subgraph mining with optimality guarantees
Authors: Thoma Marisa , Cheng Hong , Gretton Arthur , Han Jiawei , Kriegel Hans‐Peter , Smola Alex , Song Le , Yu Philip S. , Yan Xifeng , Borgwardt Karsten M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe goal of frequent subgraph mining is to detect subgraphs that frequently occur in a dataset of graphs. In classification settings, one is often interested in discovering discriminative frequent subgraphs, whose presence or absence is indicative of the class membership of a graph. In this article, we propose an approach to feature selection on frequent subgraphs, called CORK, that combines two central advantages. First, it optimizes a submodular quality criterion, which means that we can yield a near‐optimal solution using greedy feature selection. Second, our submodular quality function criterion can be integrated into gSpan, the state‐of‐the‐art tool for frequent subgraph mining, and help to prune the search space for discriminative frequent subgraphs even during frequent subgraph mining. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 3: 302‐318, 2010
Dimensions of communication in urban science education: Interactions and transactions
Authors: Emdin Christopher 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis paper is birthed from my lifelong experiences as student, teacher, administrator, and researcher in urban science classrooms. This includes my years as a minority student in biology, chemistry, and physics classrooms, 10 tears as science teacher and high school science department chair, 5‐years conducting research on youth experiences in urban science classrooms, and current work in preparing science teachers for teaching in urban schools. These experiences afford me both emic and etic lenses through which to view urban science classrooms and urban youth communities. This paper, both experiential and research based, forms an ethnography of urban youth communication and introduces the science education community to an aspect of science teaching that has been overlooked in traditional science education research. In documenting urban youth communication across social fields, this paper contributes to the research in science education that addresses science talk with urban youth in science classrooms (C. Ballenger, 1997; P. Gee, 1997). More specifically, I utilize the lenses I bring to urban science education research to interrogate the larger research questions of whether urban students' modes of communication are supported in the urban science classroom and the effects of this support or lack thereof on true participation/engagement of urban youth in science. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 95: 1–20, 2011
The interaction of H2O with Fe‐doped SrTiO3(100) surfaces
Authors: Voigts F. , Argirusis C. , Maus‐Friedrichs W. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe interaction of H2O with 0.013 at.% Fe‐doped SrTiO3(100) was investigated in situ with Metastable Induced Electron Spectroscopy (MIES), Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy (UPS) and XPS at room temperature. Low Energy Electron Diffraction (LEED) was applied to gather information about the surface termination. To clear up the influence of surface defects, untreated and weakly sputtered SrTiO3 surfaces were investigated. The sputtering results in the formation of oxygen‐related defects in the top surface layer.The interaction of untreated SrTiO3 surfaces with H2O is only weak. Small amounts of OH groups can be identified only with MIES due to its extreme surface sensitivity. Sputtered surfaces show a larger OH formation. Nondissociative H2O adsorption is not observed. We therefore conclude that the exposure of H2O to SrTiO3(100) results in the dissociation near surface defects only, resulting in the formation of surface hydroxyl groups. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functionalized imidazolium wear‐resistant ionic liquid ultrathin films for MEMS/NEMS applications
Authors: Mo Yufei , Huang Fuchuan , Zhao Fei 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAs a kind of new material, ionic liquids (ILs) are considered a new type of lubricant for micro/nanoelectromechanical system (M/NEMS) due to their excellent thermal and electrical conductivity. However, so far, only a few reports have investigated the friction and wear of thin films of these materials at the micro scale. Evaluating the nanoscale tribological performance of ILs when applied as films of a few nanometers thickness on a substrate is a critical step for their application in M/NEMS devices. To achieve this purpose, IL thin films with four kinds of anions were synthesized and prepared on single‐crystal silicon wafers by the dip‐coating method. Film thickness was determined by the ellipsometric method. Their surface morphologies were observed by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM). The nano and micro tribological properties of the IL films were investigated by a friction force microscope (FFM)with a spherical probe and a UMT‐2MT tribotester, respectively. The corresponding morphologies of the wear tracks of the IL films were examined using a three‐dimensional non‐contact interferometric microscope. The impact of temperature on the adhesion behavior was studied, as well as the effect of sliding frequency and load on the friction coefficient, load bearing capacity and anti‐wear durability. It was found that friction, adhesion and durability of IL films were strongly dependent on their anionic molecular structures, wettability and ambient environment. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adsorption of carbon monoxide on Pd low‐index surfaces and (110) reconstructed surface
Authors: Zhang Jing , Wang Zhen , Wang Ze Xin 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAdsorption and diffusion of carbon monoxide on Pd low‐index surfaces and missing‐row Pd (110) reconstructed surface have been investigated by the extended London–Eyring–Polyani–Sato (LEPS) method constructed by means of a five‐parameter Morse potential. All critical characteristics, such as adsorption site, adsorption geometry, binding energy, CO vibrational frequency have been obtained and compared with the experimental and theoretical data. On these surfaces, the stable adsorption sites of CO are changed with increasing CO coverage. On the missing‐row Pd (110) reconstructed surface, there are five stable adsorption sites: H1, H2 (H1 and H2 are threefold hollow sites on (111) subsurface), B (bridge site on the second layer), SB (short‐bridge site), and T (top site). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Slope estimation in structural line‐segment heteroscedastic measurement error models
Authors: McAssey Michael P. , Hsieh Fushing 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis paper extends the line‐segment parametrization of the structural measurement error (ME) model to situations in which the error variance on both variables is not constant over all observations. Under these conditions, we develop a method‐of‐moments estimate of the slope, and derive its asymptotic variance. We further derive an accurate estimator of the variability of the slope estimate based on sample data in a rather general setting. We perform simulations that validate our results and demonstrate that our estimates are more precise than estimates under a different model when the ME variance is not small. Finally, we illustrate our estimation approach using real data involving heteroscedastic ME, and compare its performance with that of earlier models. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Linear mixed models for skew‐normal/independent bivariate responses with an application to periodontal disease
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Dipankar , Lachos Victor H. , Abanto‐Valle Carlos A. , Ghosh Pulak 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBivariate clustered (correlated) data often encountered in epidemiological and clinical research are routinely analyzed under a linear mixed model (LMM) framework with underlying normality assumptions of the random effects and within‐subject errors. However, such normality assumptions might be questionable if the data set particularly exhibits skewness and heavy tails. Using a Bayesian paradigm, we use the skew‐normal/independent (SNI) distribution as a tool for modeling clustered data with bivariate non‐normal responses in an LMM framework. The SNI distribution is an attractive class of asymmetric thick‐tailed parametric structure which includes the skew‐normal distribution as a special case. We assume that the random effects follow multivariate SNI distributions and the random errors follow SNI distributions which provides substantial robustness over the symmetric normal process in an LMM framework. Specific distributions obtained as special cases, viz. the skew‐t, the skew‐slash and the skew‐contaminated normal distributions are compared, along with the default skew‐normal density. The methodology is illustrated through an application to a real data which records the periodontal health status of an interesting population using periodontal pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of alliances, time, and network cohesion on the initiation of foreign sales by new ventures
Authors: Yu Jifeng , Gilbert Brett Anitra , Oviatt Benjamin M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn this study, we seek to advance the network perspective on new venture internationalization by examining the role of networks in accelerating new venture sales into foreign markets. We propose that knowledge derived from ventures' technology and marketing alliances increases the likelihood that new ventures begin exploiting opportunities in international markets. We also argue that the extent to which the networks open the venture to new knowledge or constrain it to knowledge already shared among the partners will influence the initiation of foreign sales by a venture. Using a longitudinal dataset of 118 ventures in the U.S. biotechnology industry, we confirm that different types of alliances (and, therefore, different types of knowledge—technology and marketing knowledge) differentially impact the likelihood of new venture internationalization. Moreover, network cohesion among venture alliances increases the likelihood that marketing alliances will promote initial foreign market sales, but decreases the likelihood that technology alliances will do so. Our research is a timely response to a call for the study of interactive effects among network structure, complex tasks, and time, and it provides a possible explanation for certain unexpected findings in studies that did not consider the effects of time. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Corporate Governance and returns on information technology investment: evidence from an emerging market
Authors: Ho Joanna L. Y. , Wu Anne , Xu Sean Xin 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPrior studies have reported mixed findings on the impact of corporate information technology (IT) investment on firm performance. This study investigates the effect of corporate governance, an important management control mechanism, on the relation between IT investment and firm performance in the Taiwanese electronics industry. Specifically, we explore board independence and foreign ownership, which have increasingly become salient factors concerning corporate governance in emerging markets. We address their roles across firms of different sizes and in industries where degrees of competitiveness run a wide gamut. Our results show a positive moderating effect of board independence on the IT investment‐firm performance relation, especially when competition intensifies. Furthermore, we find that the greater the foreign ownership in small firms, the more positive the IT investment‐firm performance relation, suggesting that foreign investors may bring IT expertise to help small firms reap the benefits of using IT. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fear and distrust in global software engineering projects
Authors: Piri Arttu , Niinimäki Tuomas , Lassenius Casper 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYWhen global software engineering (GSE) is understood as knowledge intensive collaborative work, many of the reasons for the problems encountered in GSE projects can be traced back to the social conditions framing the collaboration between people at different physical sites. A total of 59 interviews were conducted in eight GSE projects of two large software companies with sites in Finland and other countries. As a result of categorization of problems related to group relations, the lack of trust between the main site and the other sites, and the fear of negative personal consequences among the project employees at the main site due to introduction of GSE were found to be the major problems in the projects. Our analysis suggests that poorly communicated reasoning for GSE can lay the ground for fear and for distrust between employees at remote sites. Unfulfilled cognitive expectations and fear related to one's professional future were found to be the sources of distrust toward employees at off‐site locations. The main contribution of this study is a novel empirical description of the linkages between fear and distrust in GSE. In addition, practical implications to effectively implement an organizational change from collocated development to distributed development are suggested. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Software disasters—understanding the past, to improve the future
Authors: McQuaid Patricia A. 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYOver the years, there have been several major software disasters, resulting from poor software project management, poor risk assessment, and poor development and testing practices. The results of the disasters range from project delays, project cancelations, loss of millions of dollars of equipment, to human fatalities. It is important to study software disasters, to alert developers and testers to be ever vigilant, and to understand that huge catastrophes can arise from what seem like small problems. This paper examines such failures as the Mars Polar Lander, the Patriot missile, and the Therac‐25 radiation deaths. The focus of the paper is on the factors that led to these problems, an analysis of the problems, and the lessons to be learned that relate to software engineering, safety engineering, government and corporate regulations, and oversight by users of the systems. A model named STAMP, Systems‐Theoretic Accident Modeling and Process, will be introduced, as a model to analyze these types of accidents. This model is based on systems theory, where the focus is on systems taken as a whole, as opposed to traditional failure‐event models where the parts are examined separately. It is by understanding the past, that we can improve the future. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The SPI manifesto and the ECQA SPI manager certification scheme
Authors: Korsaa Morten , Biro Miklos , Messnarz Richard , Johansen Jörn , Vohwinkel Detlef , Nevalainen Risto , Schweigert Tomas 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYSoftware process improvement (SPI) can be seen as a profession having its own competence needs and its own community of interest. European projects EQN and EU Cert have defined skill sets and a common certification scheme for about 20 professions, mainly in the IT domain. European Certification and Qualification Association ECQA is created to manage certification and provide the necessary infrastructure. A common way to approach the IT domain from a process perspective is the ‘3S’ concept (Software, Systems, Services). Software process can be seen as the first spearhead among these. The first software process models, such as CMM and SPICE, have already existed for about 20 years. With all the experience that the models bring, it is reasonable to start the PI profession from the software process. Software Process Improvement Manager (SPI Manager) is one of the new topics in ECQA. The development of the SPI Manager training and certification scheme has been done in many small steps so far. This paper explains the current structure and the main components of SPI Manager competences, training needs and the certification scheme. Several other schemes will be developed in the future for process improvement‐related competences. The current version of the SPI Manager skill set is mainly based on software, systems and service processes and their related reference models. It could also be used in the future in domains other than IT. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
KASL‐II: a dynamic four‐loop model for knowledge sharing and learning
Authors: Georgiadou Elli , Siakas Kerstin V. 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYKnowledge sharing is by far the most important component of a knowledge management programme. Organizations strive to gain competitive advantage through efficiencies. When organizations realize that organizational knowledge is by far the most valuable resource, they need to find ways for efficient and effective knowledge sharing. We explore the barriers to knowledge sharing especially in virtual and multicultural teams. In particular, we unfold the human and cultural challenges that can create added competitive value for virtual and networked organizations. We conclude that the ideal environment and working practices will be to change the mindset and behaviour of team members so that instead of perceiving knowledge sharing as an extra task for the team members, isolated from the knowledge of other team members, it (knowledge sharing) becomes the natural way to work for everyone. Finally, we propose the dynamic knowledge acquisition and sharing lifecycle (KASL‐II) model for aiding the knowledge sharing process by showing the stages of translating an organization's mission and goals into objectives, and how decisions and actions operate for materialising these objectives. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.