bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Routing Algorithm based on Minimum Spanning Tree and Minimum Cost Flow for Hybrid Wireless-optical Broadband Access Network
Authors: Le Zichun , Suo Kaihua , Fu Minglei , Jiang Ling , Dong Wen 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
In order to minimize the average end to end
delay for data transporting in hybrid wireless
optical broadband access network, a novel
routing algorithm named MSTMCF (minimum
spanning tree and minimum cost flow) is
devised. The routing problem is described as a
minimum spanning tree and minimum cost flow
model and corresponding algorithm procedures
are given. To verify the effectiveness of
MSTMCF algorithm, extensively simulations
based on OWNS have been done under different
types of traffic source.
Laser Diode to Single Mode Circular Core Graded Index Fiber Excitation via Hemispherical Microlens on the Fiber Tip: Identification of Suitable Refractive Index Profile for Maximum Efficiency with Consideration for Allowable Aperture
Authors: Bose Ashima , Gangopadhyay Sankar , Saha Subhas Chandra 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Based on the
prescribed ABCD matrix for refraction by
hemispherical lens under paraxial
approximation, we formulate an analytical
expression of coupling efficiency of a laser
diode to a single mode circular core graded
index fiber via a hemispherical lens on the
tip of the fiber. The analysis involves
Gaussian field distribution for both the
source and the fiber and consideration of
allowable aperture provided by the
hemispherical lens. In order to find out the
suitable refractive index profile for maximum
coupling efficiency, we investigate the
coupling optics for different profile
exponents in graded index refractive index
profile. In this context two different laser
diodes emitting wavelengths 1.3 μm and
1.5 μm are employed for the concerned
study. It is found that the graded index fiber
having triangular refractive index profile is
the most efficient one for the said two
wavelengths of practical importance. Our
formalism is simple and executable with little
computation. The results found should be of
tremendous importance to the designer of such
coupling in the field of optimum launch
optics.
Re-evaluation of “;The Propagation of Radiation in the Spherical Wave Form”
Authors: Joshi Narahari V. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
It is well accepted that radiation
propagates in the free space (without
obstacles) in a spherical wave form as well as
in a plane wave form. Almost all observed
phenomena such as interference, diffraction
etc are explained satisfactorily on the basis
of spherical wave propagation with a slight
alteration in the mathematical
treatment. However, one of the fundamental
aspects, namely the intensity of the radiation
as a function of the distance still remains an
unsolved problem as the intensity varies with
1/(distance)
2

when one represents the propagation in terms
of spherical waves while it is independent of
the distance if it is considered as a plane
wave. In order to understand this puzzle, the
propagation by a spherical wave form is
reexamined. It is found that conversion of
fields into particle (vice versa), via the
field quantization process, explains several
dilemma related with the radiation
propagation.
A Hyperactive Transposase of the Maize Transposable ElementActivator(Ac)
Authors: Lazarow Katina , Du My-Linh , Weimer Ruth , Kunze Reinhard 
Published: May 2012

AbstractActivator/Dissociation (Ac/Ds) transposable elements from maize are widely used as insertional mutagenesis and gene isolation tools in plants and more recently also in medaka and zebrafish. They are particularly valuable for plant species that are transformation-recalcitrant and have long generation cycles or large genomes with low gene densities. Ac/Ds transposition frequencies vary widely, however, and in some species they are too low for large-scale mutagenesis. We discovered a hyperactive Ac transposase derivative, AcTPase4x, that catalyzes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae 100-fold more frequent Ds excisions than the wild-type transposase, whereas the reintegration frequency of excised Ds elements is unchanged (57%). Comparable to the wild-type transposase in plants, AcTPase4x catalyzes Ds insertion preferentially into coding regions and to genetically linked sites, but the mutant protein apparently has lost the weak bias of the wild-type protein for insertion sites with elevated guanine–cytosine content and nonrandom protein-DNA twist. AcTPase4x exhibits hyperactivity also in Arabidopsis thaliana where it effects a more than sixfold increase in Ds excision relative to wild-type AcTPase and thus may be useful to facilitate Ac/Ds-based insertion mutagenesis approaches.
Fine-Scale Maps of Recombination Rates and Hotspots in the Mouse Genome
Authors: Brunschwig Hadassa , Levi Liat , Ben-David Eyal , Williams Robert W , Yakir Benjamin , Shifman Sagiv 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Recombination events are not uniformly distributed and often cluster in narrow regions known as recombination hotspots. Several studies using different approaches have dramatically advanced our understanding of recombination hotspot regulation. Population genetic data have been used to map and quantify hotspots in the human genome. Genetic variation in recombination rates and hotspots usage have been explored in human pedigrees, mouse intercrosses, and by sperm typing. These studies pointed to the central role of the PRDM9 gene in hotspot modulation. In this study, we used single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from whole-genome resequencing and genotyping studies of mouse inbred strains to estimate recombination rates across the mouse genome and identified 47,068 historical hotspots—an average of over 2477 per chromosome. We show by simulation that inbred mouse strains can be used to identify positions of historical hotspots. Recombination hotspots were found to be enriched for the predicted binding sequences for different alleles of the PRDM9 protein. Recombination rates were on average lower near transcription start sites (TSS). Comparing the inferred historical recombination hotspots with the recent genome-wide mapping of double-strand breaks (DSBs) in mouse sperm revealed a significant overlap, especially toward the telomeres. Our results suggest that inbred strains can be used to characterize and study the dynamics of historical recombination hotspots. They also strengthen previous findings on mouse recombination hotspots, and specifically the impact of sequence variants in Prdm9.
Interfacial defects distribution and strain coupling in the vertically aligned nanocomposite YBa2Cu3O7-X/ BaSnO3 thin films
Authors: Zhu Yuanyuan , Tsai Chen-Fong , Wang Jie , Kwon Ji Heon , Wang Haiyan , Varanasi Chakrapani V. , Burke Jack , Brunke Lyle , Barnes Paul N. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
A Pilot Study of a Culturally Targeted Video Intervention to Increase Participation of African American Patients in Cancer Clinical Trials
Authors: Banda Deliya R. , Libin Alexander V. , Wang Hong , Swain Sandra M. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract

Purpose.
Barriers to clinical trial participation among African American cancer patients are well characterized in the literature. Attitudinal barriers encompassing fear, distrust, and concerns about ethical misconduct are also well documented. To increase trial accrual, these attitudes must be adequately addressed, yet there remains a lack of targeted interventions toward this end. We developed a 15-minute culturally targeted video designed to impact six specific attitudes of African American cancer patients toward therapeutic trials. We conducted a pilot study to test in the first such intervention to increase intention to enroll.

Patients and Methods.
The primary study outcome was self-reported likelihood to participate in a therapeutic trial. Using a mixed methods approach, we developed the Attitudes and Intention to Enroll in Therapeutic Clinical Trials (AIET) instrument, a 30-item questionnaire measuring six attitudinal barriers to African American trial participation. We enrolled 108 eligible active treatment patients at a large urban cancer institute. McNemar's test for matched pairs was used to assess changes in attitudes and likelihood to enroll in a clinical trial at baseline and immediately after the video. Pre- and post-video AIET summative scores were analyzed by paired t-test for each attitudinal barrier.

Results.
Patients' likelihood of enrolling in a clinical trial significantly increased post-video with 36% of the sample showing positive changes in intention [McNemar's χ2 = 33.39, p &lt; .001]. Paired t-tests showed significant changes in all six attitudinal barriers measured via AIET summative scores from pre- to post-video.

Conclusion.
These data suggest utility of our video for increasing African American participation in clinical trials.
Negotiating Safety and Sexual Risk Reduction With Clients in Unsanctioned Safer Indoor Sex Work Environments: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Krüsi Andrea , Chettiar Jill , Ridgway Amelia , Abbott Janice , Strathdee Steffanie A. , Shannon Kate 
Published: May 2012

Objectives. We examined how unique, low-barrier, supportive housing programs for women who are functioning as unsanctioned indoor sex work environments in a Canadian urban setting influence risk negotiation with clients in sex work transactions. Methods. We conducted 39 semistructured qualitative interviews and 6 focus groups with women who live in low-barrier, supportive housing for marginalized sex workers with substance use issues. All interviews were transcribed verbatim and thematically analyzed. Results. Women’s accounts indicated that unsanctioned indoor sex work environments promoted increased control over negotiating sex work transactions, including the capacity to refuse unwanted services, negotiate condom use, and avoid violent perpetrators. Despite the lack of formal legal and policy support for indoor sex work venues in Canada, the environmental-structural supports afforded by these unsanctioned indoor sex work environments, including surveillance cameras and support from staff or police in removing violent clients, were linked to improved police relationships and facilitated the institution of informal peer-safety mechanisms. Conclusions. This study has drawn attention to the potential role of safer indoor sex work environments as venues for public health and violence prevention interventions and has indicated the critical importance of removing the sociolegal barriers preventing the formal implementation of such programs.
Newborn Care Practices by the Mother / Care Givers and Their Knowledge about Signs of Sickness of Neonates
Authors: Hoque Md Mahbubul , Khan Mohammad Faizul Haque , Begum Jotsna Ara , Chowdhury MAK Azad , Persson Lars Ake 
Published: May 2012

Background: Despite proven cost effective intervention, there has been little change in neonatal mortality. In Bangladesh neonatal mortality accounts for two third of infants death. About 90% deliveries take place in home and majority of neonatal death are taking place within 7 days of birth. Information about reasons for delivering at home and newborn care practices will be useful to undertake simple intervention measures by policy makers.Aims and objective: To see the knowledge, perception and behaviour of mothers towards their normal and sick newborn.Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in Dhaka Shishu Hospital from June to November, 2007. A semistructured, pretested questionnaire was used to interview mothers attending inpatient (IPD) and outpatient department (OPD) of hospital.Results: A total 198 mothers were interviewed. Home deliveries were 35.5% and Institutional were 64.5%. Among the Institutional deliveries 35% (44 out of 127) were planned and tried first at home, but when failed mothers were taken to hospital. Majority (86%) of home deliveries were conducted by Dai/relatives. Umbilical cord was cut with new/boiled blade in 85% of home deliveries and household knife was used in 4% cases. Birth place were not at all heated in all home deliveries. In 32 % of home deliveries babies were given bath within 1 hour of birth and it was 15% in case of hospital deliveries. Forty-eight percent babies of home deliveries were wrapped within 10 minutes. Prelacteal feed was given in 51% of home deliveries in comparison to 23% of institutional deliveries. The rate of initiation of breast feeding within one hour of birth was 52% in home and 35% in institutional deliveries. In all cases breast milk was given within 48 hours. Main reasons cited for delivering at home were preference (43%) and fear about hospital (39%). In case of educated (graduate) mothers 72% deliveries took place at hospital. Less feeding (56%), vomiting (42%), less movement (32%), fever (29%) and cough (27%) could be recognized by mothers as signs of sickness.Conclusion: Home deliveries and poor newborn care practices are commonly found in this study. Traditional birth attendants should be adequately trained as they are conducting majority of home deliveries. Female education is very important to reduce home delivery as it is seen that deliveries of educated mothers are taking place in hospital. High risk traditional newborn care practices like delayed wrapping, early bathing, use of oil in umbilical stump and prelacteal feeding need to be addressed. This study also found that knowledge to identify sickness in newborn is still poor.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v35i3.10497 Bangladesh J Child Health 2011; Vol 35 (3): 90-96
Neurodevelopmental Outcome of Treatment of Symptomatic CMV Infection with Ganciclovir
Authors: Mahbub Mustafa , Azam Mosiul , Khan Naila Zaman 
Published: May 2012

Rationale: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a common cause for neurodisability among poor populations in developing countries, including Bangladesh. Some studies have shown that ganciclovir therapy is effective in reducing neurodevelopmental morbidity; while others remain equivocal.Objective : The objective of this study was to evaluate neurodevelopmental outcome of children with symptomatic CMV treated with ganciclovir compared to matched control.Methods: Out of 218 children seropositive for CMV admitted into the neurology ward between 2003-2006, 91 were treated with intravenous ganciclovir for 2-3 weeks; of whom 43 came for follow-up at an interval of 3 months to 1 year. At each visit neurodevelopmental status was recorded for cognition, vision and hearing. 41 untreated age-matched cases with follow-up records were retrospectively enrolled as control.Results: Among treated children compared to untreated controls, there was significant improvement in hearing (58% vs. 27%; p value=.012). Improvement remained consistent, without statistical significance, for vision (53% vs. 39%; p value=.071)) and cognition (51% vs. 54%; p value=.344).Conclusion: Ganciclovir treatment improved neurodevelopmental outcomes of very young children with symptomatic CMV infection. In a country where limited resources are available for children with disability, early recognition and treatment of CMV infection is recommended.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v35i3.10498 Bangladesh J Child Health 2011; Vol 35 (3): 97-101
The history of the Austrian commercial colleges from their foundation as independent educational institutes to full integration into public administration (1850s-1950s)
Authors: Gstraunthaler Thomas 
Published: May 2012

Résumé À l’issue de la révolution de 1848-1849, la bourgeoisie accéda au pouvoir économique dans l’empire des Habsbourg. Les libertés économiques fraîchement conquises rendaient nécessaire un vivier de jeunes hommes bien formés pour diriger de nouvelles entreprises. Afin de satisfaire ces besoins, des initiatives privées créèrent et financèrent les premières écoles commerciales secondaires, fondées sur des idées libérales et visant un enseignement d’excellence. Après la fin de la Première Guerre mondiale, lorsque les temps devinrent difficiles et que ces écoles commencèrent à souffrir de pertes économiques considérables, celles-ci demandèrent à être complètement intégrées à l’administration publique. Ce changement de statut s’avéra fatal lorsque les nazis s’emparèrent de l’Autriche en 1938 : ces écoles devinrent un outil pour l’abolition du libéralisme – contrairement à l’idée sur laquelle ces écoles avaient été initialement construites.
À propos du développement de deux business schools d'élite au Royaume-Uni : une comparaison entre Cambridge et Oxford (1900-2000)
Authors: Arena Lise , Dang Rani Jeanne 
Published: May 2012

Résumé Le processus de développement et d’institutionnalisation des business schools au Royaume-Uni a été très controversé, celles-ci n’ayant trouvé de légitimité que très récemment dans le monde académique. En dépit de cette genèse tardive, c’est au Royaume-Uni que ce sont formées, dans un contexte différent, les deux business schools d’élite parmi les plus attractives au monde : la Saïd Business School de l’Université de Oxford et la Judge Business School de l’Université de Cambridge. Ces deux écoles connaissent un succès grandissant auprès des étudiants comme des employeurs. Cependant les écoles de gestion sont encore aujourd’hui remises en question quant à la pertinence de leur formation pour le management et restent largement défiées à propos de leur rôle dans la création de connaissances. Afin d’identifier et soutenir l’avantage concurrentiel de ces deux écoles de gestion d’élite du Royaume-Uni, cet article propose de revenir sur l’histoire du développement de chacune d’elles afin d’affiner la compréhension de leurs orientations actuelles et fournir des éléments pour leurs stratégies futures.
À propos de la localisation de l'industrie aérospatiale aux États-Unis
Authors: Terral Laurent , Jourdenais Martin 
Published: May 2012

Résumé Cette recherche propose une analyse de la distribution spatiale du secteur de l’aérospatiale aux États-Unis en isolant d’une part, les fonctions reliées à la production manufacturière, et d’autre part, les fonctions reliées à la production de recherche. On se rend compte que les deux obéissent manifestement à des logiques séparées, les activités de recherche se concentrant plutôt dans le quart nord-est du pays, alors que la fabrication est exécutée dans les régions du sud et de l’ouest. Ce partage régional du travail n’est pas seulement une conséquence de l’évolution des processus de production ; il est également le résultat de spécificités territoriales et sectorielles, et de la nécessité pour la R-D de répondre à des objectifs précis de compétitivité qui se traduisent par des localisations propres.
Redistribution des ressources hospitalières, comparaison et hétérogénéité des établissements : les Sur-Coûts des hôpitaux franciliens
Authors: Kerleau Monique , Le Vaillant Marc 
Published: May 2012

Résumé Depuis 1997, une fraction des budgets hospitaliers est redistribuée des régions et des hôpitaux les plus performants vers les régions et les hôpitaux les moins performants ; la performance étant mesurée par le coût moyen d’un séjour hospitalier ajusté sur l’éventail des cas traités. Le mécanisme de péréquation mis en application repose sur une forme de concurrence comparative qui suppose que les unités comparées sont identiques et homogènes quant à leurs conditions d’activité. Nous nous interrogeons dans ce papier sur les sources des disparités observées entre les performances des hôpitaux d’Ile-de-France et de Province en testant un effet localisation qui pourrait désavantager (ou avantager) les structures franciliennes et expliquer (ou compenser) leurs surcoûts. Les résultats économétriques montrent que les différences des caractéristiques organisationnelles des hôpitaux ont un poids déterminant dans l’explication des écarts de performance. Les hôpitaux franciliens ne tirent que de faibles bénéfices de leur insertion dans un contexte régional source d’économies externes positives.
Taux de change et régions : un cadre conceptuel pour anticiper l'euro
Authors: Corpataux José , Crevoisier Olivier , Thierstein Alain 
Published: May 2012

Résumé L’impact à long terme du taux de change est différencié selon les régions qui composent une économie nationale ou une zone monétaire. Cependant, peu de travaux théoriques ou empiriques se sont attaqués à cette question. D’un côté, la théorie standard du commerce international considère généralement l’espace national comme homogène. De l’autre côté, les travaux sur les systèmes de production régionaux n’intègrent pas ou peu des variables macro-économiques comme le taux de change. Dans une perpective complémentaire, MUNDELL (1961) considérait qu’une zone monétaire optimale devait réunir des régions réagissant de manière symétrique aux chocs externes, sans quoi des coûts d’ajustement importants sont encourus par les régions défavorisées. Cette idée est fondamentale. Cependant, cet article explore plutôt sont corollaire. Étant donné qu’une monnaie est utilisée par un ensemble de régions réagissant de manière asymétrique à l’évolution du taux de change, comment ces régions en seront-elles affectées à long terme ? Une typologie des effets attendus est construite. Ces questions sont essentielles dans le contexte de l’intégration monétaire européenne afin de comprendre la manière dont réagiront des systèmes de production réels qui ne pourront plus miser sur les adaptations par les taux de change qui se produisaient dans le passé au sein du marché européen.
Une lecture hirschmaninne de la coordination : le loyalisme dans les systèmes productifs territorialisés
Authors: Frigant Vincent 
Published: May 2012

Résumé L’objectif de cet article est de revenir sur les fondements de l’efficacité de la coordination interfirmes dans les systèmes productifs territorialisés (SPT). La démarche consiste à s’interroger sur la manière dont les firmes procèdent pour gérer les défaillances qui apparaissent au cours de leur relation. Si on suit le travail d’A. HIRSCHMAN, les firmes disposent de trois comportements de réaction possible lorsque survient une défaillance : faire défection, prendre la parole ou adopter un comportement loyaliste. À partir de ces trois catégories, nous montrons que les systèmes productifs territorialisés mobilisent de manière privilégiée le loyalisme. L’étude du fonctionnement du loyalisme permet alors d’identifier les modalités de l’efficacité de la coordination des relations verticales interfirmes mais aussi les mécanismes qui peuvent conduire au déclin du SPT.
Géographie des relations technologiques externes des entreprises innovantes : une étude statistique des entreprises Rhône-Alpines
Authors: Gay Claudine , Picard Fabienne 
Published: May 2012

Résumé Si les facteurs présidant à la localisation des activités innovantes sont de mieux en mieux appréhendés en revanche, rares sont les études s’intéressant à la localisation géographique des relations externes que tissent les entreprises innovantes. La question centrale de ce papier est la suivante : quelle est la distribution spatiale des relations technologiques externes des entreprises innovantes, existe-t-il un enracinement territorial à la dynamique d’innovation, quels en sont les facteurs explicatifs ? Pour répondre à ces interrogations nous mobilisons une base de données statistiques relatives au comportement d’innovation de 122 entreprises industrielles de plus de 20 salariés de la région Rhône-Alpes. On montre qu’il existe bien une prépondérance des relations de proximité géographique dans les stratégies de « géolocalisation » des relations technologiques externes, mais celles-ci ne sont ni systématiques, ni exclusives et requièrent d’être spécifiées.