bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Karyotyping, is it Worthwhile in Transsexualism?
Authors: Inoubli Adrien , De Cuypere Griet , Rubens Robert , Heylens Gunter , Elaut Els , Van Caenegem Eva , Menten Björn , T’Sjoen Guy 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Karyotyping is often performed in transsexual individuals.

Aim
Quantification and characterization of karyotype findings and abnormalities in transsexual persons.

Main Outcome Measures
Karyotypes were listed both in male-to-female and in female-to-male transsexual persons.

Methods
The data were collected through a retrospective study.

Results
Karyotypes of 368 transsexual individuals (251 male-to-female, 117 female-to-male) are described. Normal findings were found in 97.55%. Prevalence of abnormal karyotypes was 3.19% among male-to-female, and 0.85% among female-to-male transsexuals. Nine karyotypes showed variations; Klinefelter syndrome was confirmed in three persons, whereas others displayed autosomal aberrations.

Conclusion
Karyotyping is only of very limited information in the transsexual population.
APPLICATION OF A FUNCTIONAL MATHEMATICAL QUALITY INDEX TO ASPARAGINE, FREE SUGAR AND PHENOLIC ACID CONTENT OF 20 COMMERCIAL POTATO VARIETIES
Authors: FINOTTI ENRICO , BERSANI ENRICO , VIVANTI VITTORIO , FRIEDMAN MENDEL 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTIn this article, we apply a functional mathematical index (FMI), introduced in a previous publication, to 20 commercial potato varieties. The index allows evaluation of nutritional, safety and processing “quality parameters” of different potato cultivars. The main goal of the index is to link the quality of the chemical composition with factors that may affect the growth, production, distribution and processing of potatoes and potato products for commercial use. The index has been used to assess FMI values of 20 commercial potato cultivars in terms of their content of asparagine and reducing sugars, which form heat‐induced potentially toxic acrylamide and of antioxidative phenolic compounds, which participate in nonenzymatic browning reactions and may exert beneficial effects after consumption.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe index could be useful to a wide set of users, including consumers of potatoes as well as to potato producers and breeders, because it makes it possible to relate the index to the potato price and operate a more accurate choice for selection of so‐called “optimal potatoes.” Potato producers may find the index useful because it can help them detect the critical points throughout the whole food production chain in order to facilitate selection of high‐quality potatoes for sale to consumers. Potato breeders could apply the index to the development and selection of improved cultivars for commercial use.
The impact of positive resection margins in partial laryngectomy for advanced laryngeal carcinomas and radiation failures
Authors: Soudry E. , Hadar T. , Shvero J. , Segal K. , Shpitzer T. , Nageris B.I. , Feinmesser R. 
Published: November 2010

Clin. Otolaryngol. 2010, 35, 402–408Objectives:  To investigate the prognostic significance of positive margin and disease course in partial laryngectomy for advanced laryngeal carcinoma and radiation failure.Design:  Retrospective case control study.Setting:  A major tertiary referral centre.Participants:  Patients who underwent partial laryngectomy for advanced laryngeal carcinoma or for radiation failure with at least 2 years of follow‐up.Main outcome measures:  Margin status versus primary treatment and salvage treatment versus disease‐free survival and overall survival.Results:  Twenty nine patients with sufficient follow‐up data were found. Twelve patients had histological positive margin. Five of the 12 patients with a histological positive margin failed surgery as did four patients with clear margins. A positive margin had no effect on disease‐free survival (P = 0.287) but was associated with poorer overall survival (P = 0.051). Of 11 patients treated primarily with surgery, recurrence was documented in one of eight with a positive margin and none of three with clear margins. Of 18 patients who underwent surgery secondary to radiation failure, recurrence was documented in all four with a positive margin and 4 of 14 with negative margins. Extended frontolateral resection, performed only in radiation failures, was associated with worse disease‐free survival.Conclusions:  Non‐irradiated patients with involvement of a single margin after partial laryngectomy may be spared total laryngectomy if adjuvant radiation is administered. Patients who fail radiation should undergo radical partial laryngectomy, with conversion to total laryngectomy in those with a positive margin.
Acceptability of Complementary Foods and Breads Prepared from Zinc‐Fortified Cereal Flours among Young Children and Adults in Senegal
Authors: Aaron G.J. , Lo N. Ba , Hess S.Y. , Guiro A.T. , Wade S. , Ndiaye N.F. , Guinard J.‐X. , Brown K.H. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract:  We completed a series of studies to assess the acceptability of zinc‐fortified, cereal‐based complementary foods and zinc‐fortified wheat breads. Young children and their caregivers completed acceptability tests with complementary foods fortified with iron only (60 mg iron as ferrous fumarate per kilogram cereal flour), or the same level of iron and zinc (240 mg zinc as zinc oxide per kilogram cereal flour), and the caregivers completed triangle taste tests to compare the same products. A separate group of adult participants completed acceptability tests with wheat breads fortified with iron and folic acid (15 mg iron as ferrous fumarate per kilogram flour and 1.5 mg folic acid per kilogram flour) or the same levels of iron‐folic acid and 2 levels of zinc (63 mg zinc or 126 mg zinc as zinc oxide per kilogram flour). Finally, a threshold test was administered to another group of adult participants to compare nonfortified wheat bread to breads fortified with zinc in 80 mg increments ranging from 80 to 400 mg zinc as zinc oxide per kilogram flour. All products were acceptable when compared to non‐zinc‐fortified equivalents, and were well liked by the respective participants. For the triangle tests, caregivers were not able to detect significant differences between products. For threshold tests, adult participants detected differences in breads prepared from fortified wheat flour at 80 mg, 160 mg, and 320 mg zinc per kilogram flour, but not at 240 mg and 400 mg zinc per kilogram flour, respectively, when compared to nonfortified bread equivalents. Zinc fortification of cereal flours in the ranges of fortification that were tested does not adversely affect the acceptability of complementary foods and breads prepared from these flours.Practical Application:  Fortification of staple food products is a low‐cost approach to deliver additional micronutrients (including zinc) to large segments of a population. Determining the acceptability of products fortified with zinc is an important step in the development of zinc fortification programs.
Density Functional Theory Combined with Molecular Mechanics: The Infrared Spectra of Flavin in Solution†
Authors: Rieff Benjamin , Mathias Gerald , Bauer Sebastian , Tavan Paul 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe photophysics and photochemistry of flavin dyes determine the functional dynamics of a series of blue light photoreceptors that include the so‐called BLUF (blue light sensors using flavin) domains. To enable molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies of such signaling processes, we derived molecular mechanics (MM) models of flavin chromophores from density functional theory (DFT). Two 300 K ensembles of lumiflavin (LF) in aqueous solution were generated by extended MM‐MD simulations using different MM potentials for the water. In a DFT/MM hybrid setting, in which LF was treated by DFT and the polarizing environment at atomistic resolution by MM, we applied instantaneous normal mode analyses (INMA) to these ensembles. From these data we determined the inhomogeneously broadened solution spectra as mixtures of Gaussian bands using a novel automated procedure for mode classification. Comparisons with vibrational spectra available in the literature on native and isotopically labeled flavins in aqueous solution serve us to determine suitable frequency scaling factors and to analyze the accuracy of our scaled DFT/MM‐INMA approach. We show that our approach not only agrees with established computational descriptions but also extends such methods substantially by giving access to inhomogeneous line widths and band shapes.
Vitamin B1 as a Scavenger of Reactive Oxygen Species Photogenerated by Vitamin B2
Authors: Natera José , Massad Walter A. , García Norman A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractKinetics and mechanism of photoprocesses generated by visible light‐irradiation of the system riboflavin (Rf, vitamin B2) plus Thiamine (Th) and Thiamine pyrophosphate (ThDP), representing vitamin B1, was studied in pH 7 water. A weak dark complex vitamin B2–vitamin B1, with a mean value of 4 ± 0.4 m−1 is formed. An intricate mechanism of competitive reactions operates upon photoirradiation, being the light only absorbed by Rf. Th and ThDP quench excited singlet and triplet states of Rf, with rate constants in the order of 109 and 106 m−1 s−1, respectively. With Vitamin B1 in a concentration similar to that of dissolved molecular oxygen in water, the quenching of triplet excited Rf by the latter is highly predominant, resulting in the generation of O2(1Δg). Superoxide radical anion was not detected under work conditions. A relatively slow O2(1Δg)‐mediated photodegradation of Th and ThDP was observed. Nevertheless, Th and especially ThDP behave as efficient physical deactivators of O2(1Δg). The thiazol structure in vitamin B1 appears as a good scavenger of this reactive oxygen species. This characteristic, that presents at vitamin B1 as a potential photoprotector of biological entities against O2(1Δg) attack, was been experimentally confirmed employing the protein lisozime as a photo‐oxidizable target.
Multi‐Elemental Analysis of ATHO‐G Rhyolitic Glass (MPI‐DING Reference Material) by Femtosecond and Nanosecond LA‐ICP‐MS: Evidence for Significant Heterogeneity of B, V, Zn, Mo, Sn, Sb, Cs, W, Pt and Pb at the Millimetre Scale
Authors: Borisova Anastassia Y. , Freydier Rémi , Polvé Mireille , Jochum Klaus Peter , Candaudap Frederic 
Published: November 2010

This paper reports on the application of variants of LA‐ICP‐MS – including infrared femtosecond laser ablation (fs‐LA) inductively coupled plasma‐quadrupole mass spectrometry (ICP‐QMS) and nanosecond laser ablation (ns‐LA) coupled with single‐collector sector‐field (SF‐) ICP‐MS – to the in situ determination of trace elements in different splits of the reference material (RM) ATHO‐G (MPI‐DING). Analyses of the materials performed by fs‐ and ns‐LA‐ICP‐MS demonstrated the efficiency of the techniques with typical accuracy at a level of ≤ ± 20%. One ‘anomalous’ split, however, displayed a significant discrepancy from the reference concentrations for B, V, Zn, Mo, Sn, Sb, Cs, W and Pb. Three‐ to six‐fold enrichment of V, Mo, Cs and Pt relative to the reference contents in this split is likely to have been due to direct contact of the silicate melt with Pt crucible walls and ceramics. Boron, Zn, Sn, Sb, W and Pb depletion relative to the reference concentrations is probably due to siderophile element adsorption by the Pt walls and/or related to the formation of volatile‐depleted compositional cords during the preparation process. Our results imply that additional precautions should be taken against volatile/siderophile element heterogeneity in marginal/surface layers (≤ 10 mm) during the preparation of RMs by the fusion technique.
Conjuntos de datos sobre pensiones y salud: la reunión y el intercambio de datos para la formulación de políticas
Authors: Lee Jinkook 
Published: November 2010

ResumenCada vez más países formulan nuevas políticas de pensión y de atención médica, o reforman las existentes, en respuesta al envejecimiento de la población y para mejorar el bienestar de sus ciudadanos. La aplicación de políticas diferentes por los distintos países ha dado lugar a varios experimentos naturales, los cuales brindan oportunidades poco comunes de estudiar los efectos que tienen diversas políticas en la salud y la jubilación, el comportamiento de la persona y la familia, y el bienestar. Para aprovechar esas oportunidades, es preciso armonizar las actividades de reunión de datos. Un número cada vez mayor de países han convenido en proporcionar datos armonizados con el Estudio sobre salud y jubilación (Health and Retirement Study, HRS) de los Estados Unidos. En el presente artículo se analizan esos conjuntos de datos, en particular sus principales parámetros relativos a la situación en términos de jubilación y salud, la estructuración de la investigación, las muestras y las tasas de respuesta. También se examinan las oportunidades que ofrecen para la realización de estudios internacionales y sus consecuencias para la evaluación y formulación de políticas.
Status and development prospects for indigenous freshwater finfish and crayfish farming in Greece
Authors: Perdikaris Costas , Gouva Evangelia , Paschos Ioannis 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe Hellenic freshwater aquaculture sector has been dominated by the alien rainbow trout since the early 1950s. This species actually represented 96.5% of the total inland production in 2007. Other groups of species accounted for minor production volumes and, apart from common carp, most of them are also of alien origin. Therefore, an absence of production diversification, the presence of alien species, which in some cases have seriously impacted aquatic biodiversity, and emerging consumer sensitivity towards environmentally friendly practises require thorough re‐assessment of native species with promising aquaculture potential. This trend is particularly evident in Eastern Europe and Asia, where native species (particularly cyprinids) outcompete alien species. The current review aims to outline past and present farming efforts on native fish and crayfish species in Greece, which collectively belong to six families, and to discuss future development prospects.
Two Kinds of Causal Explanation
Authors: BOTTERILL GEORGE 
Published: November 2010

AbstractTo give a causal explanation is to give information about causal history. But a vast amount of causal history lies behind anything that happens, far too much to be included in any intelligible explanation. This is the Problem of Limitation for explanatory information. To cope with this problem, explanations must select for what is relevant to and adequate for answering particular inquiries. In the present paper this idea is used in order to distinguish two kinds of causal explanation, on the grounds of systematic differences in their conditions of relevance and adequacy. It is further argued that these two forms of causal explanation are interdependent and their interaction provides an instrument through which causal knowledge is acquired and enhanced. What we understand causation in the world to be is neither unconditioned regularity, nor counterfactual dependence, but the sum of correct answers to explanatory inquiries of these two interdependent kinds.
Discrimination in Terms of Moral Exclusion
Authors: HORTA OSCAR 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis article tries to define what discrimination is and to understand in particular detail its most important instances: those in which the satisfaction of interests is at stake. These cases of discrimination will be characterized in terms of deprivations of benefits. In order to describe and classify them we need to consider three different factors: the benefits of which discriminatees are deprived, the criteria according to which such benefits are denied or granted, and the justification that such deprivation of benefits may have (or lack). This definition intends to present discrimination as a concept that may be useful not only to examine certain social phenomena, but also, more widely, to ethical theory in general.
William Heytesbury and the Conditions for Knowledge
Authors: MARTENS DAVID B. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIvan Boh affirms and Robert Pasnau denies that William Heytesbury holds merely true belief to be sufficient for knowledge in the broad sense. I argue that Boh is correct and Pasnau is mistaken, and that there is a long‐running orthodox medieval tradition agreeing with Heytesbury about the conditions for knowledge. I offer a hypothesis about the origins, continuance and demise of that medieval tradition, and some remarks about the tradition's significance.
Neurocardiology: Therapeutic Implications for Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Goldstein David S. 
Published: November 2010

SUMMARYThe term “neurocardiology” refers to physiologic and pathophysiological interplays of the nervous and cardiovascular systems. This selective review provides an update about cardiovascular therapeutic implications of neurocardiology, with emphasis on disorders involving primary or secondary abnormalities of catecholamine systems. Concepts of scientific integrative medicine help understand these disorders. Scientific integrative medicine is not a treatment method or discipline but a way of thinking that applies systems concepts to acute and chronic disorders of regulation. Some of these concepts include stability by negative feedback regulation, multiple effectors, effector sharing, instability by positive feedback loops, allostasis, and allostatic load. Scientific integrative medicine builds on systems biology but is also distinct in several ways. A large variety of drugs and non‐drug treatments are now available or under study for neurocardiologic disorders in which catecholamine systems are hyperfunctional or hypofunctional. The future of therapeutics in neurocardiology is not so much in new curative drugs as in applying scientific integrative medical ideas that take into account concurrent chronic degenerative disorders and interactions of multiple drug and non‐drug treatments with each other and with those disorders.
Effect of Investor Sentiment on Market Response to Stock Split Announcement*
Authors: Kim Keunsoo , Byun Jinho 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis paper creates monthly investor sentiment indices for Korea and provides evidence that these indices have the power to predict the subsequent 6‐month buy‐and‐hold returns. In addition, the paper shows that investor sentiment positively affects market response to stock split announcements by using stock splits on the Korea Exchange from 1999 to 2006. First, market response to a stock split announcement is positively related to investor sentiment. Second, market response is more pronounced in high sentiment periods, particularly for small, young, highly volatile, and low profit‐stocks, the valuations of which are highly subjective and difficult to arbitrage. Third, the initial effects of size, age, volatility, and profitability in times of high investor sentiment tend to be reversed over 12‐month post‐split performance. These empirical results imply that the market tends to overreact to stock split announcements for small, young, highly volatile, and low‐profit firms in a high sentiment period but thereafter correct the overvaluation of those firms during the 12‐month post‐split performance. As such, the paper shows how investor sentiment affects the valuation of stocks at a corporate event level.
Job choice and the influence of prior asthma and hay fever
Authors: Butland Barbara K , Ghosh Rebecca , Strachan David P , Cullinan Paul , Jarvis Deborah 
Published: November 2010

ObjectivesTo investigate whether prior symptoms of allergic disease influence first job undertaken on leaving school.MethodsThe study included 5020 members of the 1958 British birth cohort who provided a job history (including start dates) at age 33 and for whom information on allergic disease in childhood and adolescence was reported by parents at ages 7, 11 and 16. Occupational group (high risk, low risk, reference) was based on first job and its probable asthma risk.ResultsWith occupational group defined using only job title, the RR of taking a high risk over a reference level job was an estimated 30% (RR ratio (RRR) 0.70; 95% CI 0.56 to 0.88) lower among those with than without prior reported symptoms of hay fever/allergic rhinitis but an estimated 60% (RRR 1.60; 1.17 to 2.19) higher among those with symptoms of asthma/wheezy bronchitis in adolescence compared to those with no history of asthma/wheezy bronchitis. With occupational group defined using an asthma specific job exposure matrix, a similar association was observed for prior hay fever/allergic rhinitis (RRR 0.77; 0.62 to 0.96) but not for asthma/wheezy bronchitis (RRR 1.18; 0.85 to 1.64). There was no evidence of an association between prior eczema and occupational group of first job.ConclusionWhether our findings indicate avoidance or residual confounding, it would be prudent for future studies of occupation and the incidence or recurrence of asthma in adult life to adjust for any previous history of hay fever/allergic rhinitis.
Children's loss of autonomy over smoking: the global youth tobacco survey
Authors: Soteriades Elpidoforos S , Spanoudis George , Talias Michael A , Warren Charles W , DiFranza Joseph R 
Published: November 2010

BackgroundEmpirical data suggest that children with infrequent tobacco use have difficulty quitting smoking.MethodsData were obtained from the nationally representative Global Youth Tobacco Survey of middle-school students in Cyprus and Greece. Regression analyses examined associations between smoking frequency (smoking days per month or cigarettes smoked per day) and loss of autonomy (difficulty refraining from smoking).ResultsThe prevalence of lost autonomy was 40% among subjects who smoked 1 or 2 days/month and 41% among subjects who averaged less than one cigarette/day and increased in a dose-response pattern. Regression models derived from the Cyprus data were replicated by the Greek data.ConclusionsTwo national surveys confirm previous reports of difficulty with smoking cessation with infrequent smoking. Since loss of autonomy is universally recognised as a core feature of addiction, our data indicate that young adolescents experience symptoms of nicotine addiction with infrequent tobacco use.