bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entropy Engineering Constrain Phase Transitions Enable Ultralong‐life Prussian Blue Analogs Cathodes
Authors: Lei Yuhao , Wang Shiyong , Zhao Lin , Li Changping , Wang Gang , Qiu Jieshan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPrussian blue analogs (PBAs) are considered as one of the most potential electrode materials in capacitive deionization (CDI) due to their unique 3D framework structure. However, their practical applications suffer from low desalination capacity and poor cyclic stability. Here, an entropy engineering strategy is proposed that incorporates high‐entropy (HE) concept into PBAs to address the unfavorable multistage phase transitions during CDI desalination. By introducing five or more metals, which share N coordination site, high‐entropy hexacyanoferrate (HE‐HCF) is constructed, thereby increasing the configurational entropy of the system to above 1.5R and placing it into the high‐entropy category. As a result, the developed HE‐HCF demonstrates remarkable cycling performance, with a capacity retention rate of over 97% after undergoing 350 ultralong‐life cycles of adsorption/desorption. Additionally, it exhibits a high desalination capacity of 77.24 mg g−1 at 1.2 V. Structural characterization and theoretical calculation reveal that high configurational entropy not only helps to restrain phase transition and strengthen structural stability, but also optimizes Na+ ions diffusion path and energy barrier, accelerates reaction kinetics and thus improves performance. This research introduces a new approach for designing electrodes with high performance, low cost, and long‐lasting durability for capacitive deionization applications.
Small Molecule Regulatory Strategy for Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells with 368 mV of VOC Deficit and its Application in Tandem Devices
Authors: Wang Sanlong , Sun Hongrui , Wang Pengyang , Ge Xin , Li Yucheng , Li Diannan , Huang Qian , Du Xiaona , Zhao Ying , Zhang Xiaodan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTandem solar cells combining perovskite and silicon have witnessed rapid development in recent years. However, the top cell, utilizing wide‐bandgap perovskite as absorbers generally suffer significant open‐circuit voltage (VOC) deficit, particularly for inorganic perovskite, which poses a considerable obstacle to enhancing the power conversion efficiency (PCE). Here, a modulation strategy by using 2,6‐pyridinedicarboxamide (PC), the crystallization kinetics of inorganic perovskite film can be effectively regulated, specifically manifested as a relatively longer annealing time in the air, resulting in sufficient growth for the inorganic perovskite grains. Additionally, PC can effectively in situ passivate uncoordinated Pb2+, suppressing the non‐radiative recombination of charge carriers. Eventually, a record PCE of 22.07% is achieved based on n–i–p inorganic perovskite solar cells (IPSCs), which also demonstrate the highest VOC above 1.34 V (1.71 eV of bandgap). More importantly, the unencapsulated IPSCs show enhanced thermal stability and photostability. Furthermore, the n–i–p IPSCs are also applied to inorganic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells (IPTSCs), a PCE of 27.27% and an impressive VOC of 2.024 V are obtained.
Atomically‐Scattered Active Centers Accelerating Photocatalytic Evolution of Ammonia
Authors: Ran Jingrun , Talebian‐Kiakalaieh Amin , Qiao Shi‐Zhang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPhotocatalytic N2 reduction to ammonia rises as a cost‐effective, environmentally benign, and efficient route to generate ammonia as a transportable/storable energy carrier and essential fertilizer. Recently, photocatalysts anchored with various atomically scattered active centers (ASACs), such as Ru, Fe, Au, Pt, Cu, Mo, and La, are extensively explored in photocatalytic N2‐to‐ammonia transformation. This review critically summarizes the current achievements in the synthesis of various photocatalyst supports (such as metal oxide, carbon nitride, metal‐organic framework, and covalent organic framework) anchored with the above‐mentioned ASACs for N2 reduction to form ammonia. The synthesis routes, structural/compositional characteristics, and performances of these ASACs anchored photocatalysts are summarized and introduced. Furthermore, the atomic‐scale relationship between the structure/composition and performance of these ASACs anchored photocatalysts is also introduced. The reaction mechanism including the reaction kinetics/thermodynamics, reaction pathways, and charge carrier kinetics, especially those revealed by various state‐of‐art characterization techniques, have been highlighted. This review also outlines the basic principles for the synthesis of novel photocatalysts aimed at ammonia evolution. Finally, the current challenges, opportunities, and future outlooks of ASACs anchored photocatalysts for ammonia evolution are introduced.
Allostatic load, adverse childhood experiences, executive functions, and BMI status in adolescents and young adults
Authors: Prunell‐Castañé Anna , Garolera Maite , Ottino‐González Jonatan , Jurado María Ángeles 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesChronic stress induces preclinical changes in the metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune systems. This phenomenon, known as allostatic load (AL), can impair executive functions (EF), which may be even more affected in individuals with excess weight due to their characteristic inflammatory state and cardiometabolic changes. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) contribute to AL and may influence executive functioning presumably via alterations within the hypothalamic–pituitary axis, including epigenetic modifications. We assess the relationship between AL and EF in youth with and without excess weight, and the effect ACEs on executive functioning.MethodsOne hundred eighty‐two adolescents and young adults (85 with normal weight and 97 with overweight/obesity; 10–21 years) were recruited. The estimated AL index included the following: systolic and diastolic blood pressure, glycated hemoglobin, high‐ and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, fibrinogen, and cortisol. ACEs were measured using the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire. The neuropsychological evaluation included the assessment of inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility processes.ResultsAL was not significantly associated with executive functioning, and this relationship did not depend on body‐weight status. ACEs, available for 57 of 182 participants, were significantly associated with poorer executive functioning.ConclusionsOur study shows that AL is not associated with executive functioning in adolescents and young adults. Since the current sample was young, we hypothesize that a longer exposure to AL might be required for its negative effects to surface. Nevertheless, exposure to early adversity seems to be associated with poorer executive functioning in youth.
Different fetal effects on fingers from exposure to phenytoin, phenobarbital, and carbamazepine
Authors: Holmes Lewis B. , Hunt Anne‐Therese 
Published: April 2024

AbstractExposure at conception to phenytoin (PHT), phenobarbital (PB), and carbamazepine (CBZ) has been associated with several different effects on the fetus, including hypoplasia of the distal phalanges, dysmorphic facial features, and structural abnormalities such as oral clefts and neural tube defects. One question is whether each of these antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) has the same effects or just similar effects. A systematic examination of the fingers of children exposed at conception to PHT, PB, or CBZ, as monotherapy, has been used to address this question. The findings in the examinations of the fingers of 115 AED‐exposed children (40, PHT; 34, PB; 41, CBZ) and their parents were compared to the findings in 111 age‐ and sex‐matched children and their parents. The evaluations used were both subjective assessments and objective measurements. Shortening and narrowing of the fifth fingernail and an increased frequency of arch patterns in the dermal ridges were more common in PHT‐exposed children. A significant decrease in the length of the nail, but not width, occurred in the PB‐exposed children. Stiffness of the interphalangeal joints was more common in the CBZ‐exposed children. The findings in children exposed to PHT, PB, or CBZ, as monotherapy, showed that all three exposures in early pregnancy affected the fingers, but the effects were not the same. The most striking effects were present in PHT‐exposed children.
Primate conservation: A public issue?
Authors: Cosby Alexandria E. , Andriatsitohaina Bertrand , Archie Raquel , Jules Cora , McGoogan Keriann C. , Persram Maya , Razafitsalama Mamy , Young Arayelle , Steffens Travis S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNonhuman primates (primates) are one of the most endangered mammalian taxa in the world. In the Global North, primates are considered exotic species and, as such, humans' impact on primate conservation and responsibility to protect primates is often ignored. This view differs from the spectrum of relations and attitudes of humans that live in connection to primates, which can include viewing these animals as culturally/religiously significant, cohabitors of forests, nuisances, or sources of protein. While conservationists argue that primates deserve our protection, the conservation crisis facing primates is rarely framed as a public issue, in contrast to other global crises, such as climate change. However, over half of the world's human population lives within 100 km of primate habitat. Thus, humans and primates share the same environments. We suggest leveraging a holistic approach, such as One Health, that considers the interconnectedness of primates, humans, and their shared environments, through the lens of public anthropology. By approaching primate conservation as an intersectional issue that affects and is affected by humans, researchers and conservationists can identify strategies that simultaneously protect primates and address global inequities that frequently affect people in primate range countries. Reflexive research practices further allow academics to consider the broader impact of their ecological research through means such as publicly accessible dissemination of results, equitable capacity‐building of high‐quality personnel in primate range countries, and social activism. The use of inter‐, multi‐, and transdisciplinary concepts and methodology can address the intersectional challenges associated with implementing ethical and sustainable primate conservation measures.
Hepatic steatosis: Qualitative and quantitative sonographic assessment in comparison to histology
Authors: Tan Zhi Xin , Mehta Bryan , Kusel Kieran , Seow James , Zelesco Marilyn , Abbott Steven , Simons Rebecca , Boardman Glenn , Welman Christopher J. , Ayonrinde Oyekoya T. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionGlobally, B‐mode ultrasound is the most common modality used for the diagnosis of hepatic steatosis. We aimed to assess the correlation between qualitative liver ultrasound parameters, attenuation imaging (ATI) and histopathology‐diagnosed steatosis grade obtained from liver biopsy. Our secondary aim was to examine the interobserver variability of qualitative ultrasound features.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was performed which included adult patients (age ≥ 18 years) who had same‐day liver ultrasound, ATI and liver biopsy for grading hepatic steatosis severity between 2018 and 2022. The qualitative US features for hepatic steatosis were independently scored by three radiologists and interobserver variability was examined. Histologic steatosis grade, ATI and qualitative ultrasound parameters were compared.ResultsNinety patients were included; 67% female with a median age of 54 (IQR 39–65) years. The radiologist's overall impression had the highest correlation (very strongly correlated) with histologic steatosis grade (r = 0.82, P < 0.001). ATI coefficient and all qualitative ultrasound B‐mode features except for liver echotexture and focal fat sparing were strongly correlated with histologic steatosis grade (r ≥ 0.70, P < 0.001). Most qualitative ultrasound features had good agreement between observers (Kappa statistic 0.61–1.0, P < 0.001), (Kendall coefficient 0.92, P < 0.001).ConclusionThe examined qualitative ultrasound parameters and ATI had good‐excellent performance for diagnosing clinically significant hepatic steatosis; however, the radiologist's overall impression had the best correlation with histologic steatosis grade. Our findings suggest an ongoing role for qualitative liver ultrasound assessment of hepatic steatosis despite the emergence of newer quantitative measures.
α‐Synuclein seed amplification assay detects Lewy body co‐pathology in autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease late in the disease course and dependent on Lewy pathology burden
Authors: Levin Johannes , Baiardi Simone , Quadalti Corinne , Rossi Marcello , Mammana Angela , Vöglein Jonathan , Bernhardt Alexander , Perrin Richard J. , Jucker Mathias , Preische Oliver , Hofmann Anna , Höglinger Günter U. , Cairns Nigel J. , Franklin Erin E. , Chrem Patricio , Cruchaga Carlos , Berman Sarah B. , Chhatwal Jasmeer P. , Daniels Alisha , Day Gregory S. , Ryan Natalie S. , Goate Alison M. , Gordon Brian A. , Huey Edward D. , Ibanez Laura , Karch Celeste M. , Lee Jae‐Hong , Llibre‐Guerra Jorge , Lopera Francisco , Masters Colin L. , Morris John C. , Noble James M. , Renton Alan E. , Roh Jee Hoon , Frosch Matthew P. , Keene C. Dirk , McLean Catriona , Sanchez‐Valle Raquel , Schofield Peter R. , Supnet‐Bell Charlene , Xiong Chengjie , Giese Armin , Hansson Oskar , Bateman Randall J. , McDade Eric ,   Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network, Parchi Piero 
Published: April 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONAmyloid beta and tau pathology are the hallmarks of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) and autosomal dominant AD (ADAD). However, Lewy body pathology (LBP) is found in ≈ 50% of AD and ADAD brains.METHODSUsing an α‐synuclein seed amplification assay (SAA) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from asymptomatic (n = 26) and symptomatic (n = 27) ADAD mutation carriers, including 12 with known neuropathology, we investigated the timing of occurrence and prevalence of SAA positive reactivity in ADAD in vivo.RESULTSNo asymptomatic participant and only 11% (3/27) of the symptomatic patients tested SAA positive. Neuropathology revealed LBP in 10/12 cases, primarily affecting the amygdala or the olfactory areas. In the latter group, only the individual with diffuse LBP reaching the neocortex showed α‐synuclein seeding activity in CSF in vivo.DISCUSSIONResults suggest that in ADAD LBP occurs later than AD pathology and often as amygdala‐ or olfactory‐predominant LBP, for which CSF α‐synuclein SAA has low sensitivity.Highlights
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) real‐time quaking‐induced conversion (RT‐QuIC) detects misfolded α‐synuclein in ≈ 10% of symptomatic autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease (ADAD) patients.
CSF RT‐QuIC does not detect α‐synuclein seeding activity in asymptomatic mutation carriers.
Lewy body pathology (LBP) in ADAD mainly occurs as olfactory only or amygdala‐predominant variants.
LBP develops late in the disease course in ADAD.
CSF α‐synuclein RT‐QuIC has low sensitivity for focal, low‐burden LBP.
Single‐cluster Functionalized TiO2 Nanotube Array for Boosting Water Oxidation and CO2 Photoreduction to CH3OH
Authors: Xu Shen‐Yue , Shi Wenxiong , Huang Juan‐Ru , Yao Shuang , Wang Cheng , Lu Tong‐Bu , Zhang Zhi‐Ming 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSolar‐driven CO2 reduction and water oxidation to liquid fuels represents a promising solution to alleviate energy crisis and climate issue, but it remains a great challenge for generating CH3OH and CH3CH2OH dominated by multi‐electron transfer. Single‐cluster catalysts with super electron acceptance, accurate molecular structure, customizable electronic structure and multiple adsorption sites, have led to greater potential in catalyzing various challenging reactions. However, accurately controlling the number and arrangement of clusters on functional supports still faces great challenge. Herein, we develop a facile electrosynthesis method to uniformly disperse Wells‐Dawson‐ and Keggin‐type polyoxometalates on TiO2 nanotube arrays, resulting in a series of single‐cluster functionalized catalysts P2M18O62@TiO2 and PM12O40@TiO2 (M=Mo or W). The single polyoxometalate cluster can be distinctly identified and serves as electronic sponge to accept electrons from excited TiO2 for enhancing surface‐hole concentration and promote water oxidation. Among these samples, P2Mo18O62@TiO2‐1 exhibits the highest electron consumption rate of 1260 μmol g−1 for CO2‐to‐CH3OH conversion with H2O as the electron source, which is 11 times higher than that of isolated TiO2 nanotube arrays. This work supplied a simple synthesis method to realize the single‐dispersion of molecular cluster to enrich surface‐reaching holes on TiO2, thereby facilitating water oxidation and CO2 reduction.
2D Conjugated Metal–Organic Frameworks Bearing Large Pore Apertures and Multiple Active Sites for High‐Performance Aqueous Dual‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Bao Pengli , Cheng Linqi , Yan Xiaoli , Nie Xinming , Su Xi , Wang Heng‐Guo , Chen Long 
Published: April 2024

Abstract2D conjugated metal–organic frameworks (2D c‐MOFs) with large pore sizes and high surface areas are advantageous for adsorbing iodine species to enhance the electrochemical performance of aqueous dual‐ion batteries (ADIBs). However, most of the reported 2D c‐MOFs feature microporous structures, with few examples exhibiting mesoporous characteristics. Herein, we developed two mesoporous 2D c‐MOFs, namely PA‐TAPA−Cu‐MOF and PA‐PyTTA−Cu‐MOF, using newly designed arylimide based multitopic catechol ligands (6OH‐PA‐TAPA and 8OH‐PA‐PyTTA). Notably, PA‐TAPA−Cu‐MOF exhibits the largest pore sizes (3.9 nm) among all reported 2D c‐MOFs. Furthermore, we demonstrated that these 2D c‐MOFs can serve as promising cathode host materials for polyiodides in ADIBs for the first time. The incorporation of triphenylamine moieties in PA‐TAPA−Cu‐MOF resulted in a higher specific capacity (423.4 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 1.0 A g−1) and superior cycling performance, retaining 96 % capacity over 1000 cycles at 10 A g−1 compared to PA‐PyTTA−Cu‐MOF. Our comparative analysis revealed that the increased number of N anchoring sites and larger pore size in PA‐TAPA−Cu‐MOF facilitate efficient anchoring and conversion of I3−, as supported by spectroscopic electrochemistry and density functional theory calculations.
Effortless impregnation method for melamine formaldehyde foams exhibiting elevated thermal stability and exceptional flame retardant characteristics
Authors: Chen Peng , He Yueshan , Sun Haowen , Li Shansu , Mo Wenjing , Liu Yuan , Wang Qi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMelamine‐formaldehyde (MF) foam, while intrinsically flame retardant, necessitates further refinement to meet stringent fire safety standards, particularly in terms of heat release rate and thermal stability. In this study, an innovative approach was adopted wherein an inorganic substance, potassium water glass (WG), was employed to create an encapsulation layer on the surface of the MF foam structure via a straightforward dip‐coating technique. The composite foam underwent a comprehensive analysis of its structure and flame retardant characteristics, using test evaluations such as micro‐scale combustion calorimeter (MCC) testing, cone calorimeter testing (CCT), and thermogravimetric‐Fourier infrared spectrometer (TG‐IR) assessments. It was found that the even coating of WG on the MF foam surface profoundly enhanced the foam's structural integrity. Utilizing the shielding properties of this inorganic layer, the hybrid foam's thermal stability experiences a remarkable augmentation. The peak of heat release rate (pHRR) and the total heat release rate (THR) of the MF foam experienced an impressive reduction of 85.2% and 78.8%, correspondingly. Notably, this advancement is concomitant with a substantial decrease of 39.2% in the total smoke release (TSR) and a notable amelioration in mechanical characteristics. Such developments undeniably broaden their application horizons across diverse domains.
How smart was T. rex? Testing claims of exceptional cognition in dinosaurs and the application of neuron count estimates in palaeontological research
Authors: Caspar Kai R. , Gutiérrez‐Ibáñez Cristián , Bertrand Ornella C. , Carr Thomas , Colbourne Jennifer A. D. , Erb Arthur , George Hady , Holtz Thomas R. , Naish Darren , Wylie Douglas R. , Hurlburt Grant R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRecent years have seen increasing scientific interest in whether neuron counts can act as correlates of diverse biological phenomena. Lately, Herculano‐Houzel (2023) argued that fossil endocasts and comparative neurological data from extant sauropsids allow to reconstruct telencephalic neuron counts in Mesozoic dinosaurs and pterosaurs, which might act as proxies for behaviors and life history traits in these animals. According to this analysis, large theropods such as Tyrannosaurus rex were long‐lived, exceptionally intelligent animals equipped with “macaque‐ or baboon‐like cognition”, whereas sauropods and most ornithischian dinosaurs would have displayed significantly smaller brains and an ectothermic physiology. Besides challenging established views on Mesozoic dinosaur biology, these claims raise questions on whether neuron count estimates could benefit research on fossil animals in general. Here, we address these findings by revisiting Herculano‐Houzel's (2023) work, identifying several crucial shortcomings regarding analysis and interpretation. We present revised estimates of encephalization and telencephalic neuron counts in dinosaurs, which we derive from phylogenetically informed modeling and an amended dataset of endocranial measurements. For large‐bodied theropods in particular, we recover significantly lower neuron counts than previously proposed. Furthermore, we review the suitability of neurological variables such as neuron numbers and relative brain size to predict cognitive complexity, metabolic rate and life history traits in dinosaurs, coming to the conclusion that they are flawed proxies for these biological phenomena. Instead of relying on such neurological estimates when reconstructing Mesozoic dinosaur biology, we argue that integrative studies are needed to approach this complex subject.
Multifunctional (4‐in‐1) Therapeutic Applications of Nickel Thiocyanate Nanoparticles Impregnated Cotton Gauze as Antibacterial, Antibiofilm, Antioxidant and Wound Healing Agent
Authors: Nayak Malay , Sonowal Lidiya , Pradhan Lipi , Upadhyay Anjali , Kamath Prajwal , Mukherjee Sudip 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe wounds, arises from accidents, burns, surgeries, diabetes, and trauma, can significantly impact well‐being and present persistent clinical challenges. Ideal wound dressings should be flexible, stable, antibacterial, antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory in nature, facilitating a scarless rapid wound healing. Initiatives were taken to create antibacterial cotton fabrics by incorporating agents like antibiotics and metallic nanoparticles. However, due to a lack of multifunctionality, these materials were not highly effective in causing scarless and rapid wound healing. In this article, nickel thiocyanate nanoparticle (NiSCN‐NPs) impregnated cotton gauze wound dressing (NiSCN‐CG) was developed. These nanoparticles were non‐toxic to normal human cell lines till 1 mg/mL dose and did not cause skin irritation in the rat model. Further, NiSCN‐NPs exhibited antimicrobial, antibiofilm and antioxidant activities confirmed using different in vitro experiments. In vivo wound healing studies in rat models using NiSCN‐CG demonstrated rapid scarless wound healing. The nickel thiocyanate impregnated cotton gauze presents a novel approach in scarless wound healing, and as an antimicrobial agent, offering a promising solution for diverse wounds and infections in the future.