bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric Reduction of Activated Alkenes by Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate Reductase: Specificity and Control of Stereochemical Outcome by Reaction Optimisation
Authors: Fryszkowska Anna , Toogood Helen , Sakuma Michiyo , Gardiner John M. , Stephens Gill M. , Scrutton Nigel S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe show that pentaerythritol tetranitrate reductase (PETNR), a member of the ‘ene’ reductase old yellow enzyme family, catalyses the asymmetric reduction of a variety of industrially relevant activated α,β‐unsaturated alkenes including enones, enals, maleimides and nitroalkenes. We have rationalised the broad substrate specificity and stereochemical outcome of these reductions by reference to molecular models of enzyme‐substrate complexes based on the crystal complex of the PETNR with 2‐cyclohexenone 4a. The optical purity of products is variable (49–99% ee), depending on the substrate type and nature of substituents. Generally, high enantioselectivity was observed for reaction products with stereogenic centres at Cβ (>99% ee). However, for the substrates existing in two isomeric forms (e.g., citral 11a or nitroalkenes 18–19a), an enantiodivergent course of the reduction of E/Z‐forms may lead to lower enantiopurities of the products. We also demonstrate that the poor optical purity obtained for products with stereogenic centres at Cα is due to non‐enzymatic racemisation. In reactions with ketoisophorone 3a we show that product racemisation is prevented through reaction optimisation, specifically by shortening reaction time and through control of solution pH. We suggest this as a general strategy for improved recovery of optically pure products with other biocatalytic conversions where there is potential for product racemisation.
Age‐Related Changes in Craniofacial Morphology in GDF‐8 (Myostatin)‐Deficient Mice
Authors: Vecchione Lisa , Miller Jeffrey , Byron Craig , Cooper Gregory M. , Barbano Timothy , Cray James , Losee Joseph E. , Hamrick Mark W. , Sciote James J. , Mooney Mark P. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIt is well recognized that masticatory muscle function helps determine morphology, although the extent of function on final form is still debated. GDF‐8 (myostatin), a transcription factor is a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth. A recent study has shown that mice homozygous for the myostatin mutation had increased muscle mass and craniofacial dysmorphology in adulthood. However, it is unclear whether such dysmorphology is present at birth. This study examines the onset and relationship between hypermuscularity and craniofacial morphology in neonatal and adult mice with GDF‐8 deficiency. Fifteen (8 wild‐type and 7 GDF‐8 −/−), 1‐day‐old and 16 (9 wt and 7 GDF‐8 −/−), 180‐day‐old male CD‐1 mice were used. Standardized radiographs were taken of each head, scanned, traced, and cephalometric landmarks identified. Significant mean differences were assessed using a group x age, two‐way ANOVA. Myostatin‐deficient mice had significantly (P < 0.01) smaller body and masseter muscle weights and craniofacial skeletons at 1 day of age and significantly greater body and masseter muscle weights at 180 days of age compared to controls. Myostatin‐deficient mice showed significantly (P < 0.001) longer and “rocker‐shaped” mandibles and shorter and wider crania compared to controls at 180 days. Significant correlations were noted between masseter muscle weight and all cephalometric measurements in 180‐day‐old Myostatin‐deficient mice. Results suggest that in this mouse model, there may be both early systemic skeletal growth deficiencies and later compensatory changes from hypermuscularity. These findings reiterate the role that masticatory muscle function plays on the ontogeny of the cranial vault, base, and most notably the mandible. Anat Rec, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of Monomeric and Dimeric Acridine Compounds as Potential Therapeutics in Alzheimer and Prion Diseases
Authors: Csuk René , Barthel Alexander , Raschke Christian , Kluge Ralph , Ströhl Dieter , Trieschmann Lothar , Böhm Gerald 
Published: November 2009

AbstractStarting from substituted 9‐chloroacridines, a series of quinacrine and spacered dimeric acridine compounds was prepared. Their ability to interrupt the protein association of prion‐ and Alzheimer‐specific proteins and Ab peptides was explored using a fast screening system based on FACS analysis. The bis‐acridines displayed a higher activity than the corresponding monomers. Among these derivatives, best results were obtained with the 2,4‐dimethoxy‐6‐nitro compound 7h for Aβ‐peptides and the 2‐methoxy‐6‐nitro compound 7f for PrP.
Synthesis and Anti‐HIV‐1 Integrase Activitiy of Cyano Pyrimidinones
Authors: Ramajayam R. , Mahera Nilesh B. , Neamati Nouri , Yadav Mange Ram , Giridhar Rajani 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA series of 2‐phenethyl/benzylthio‐6‐oxo‐4‐phenyl‐1,6‐dihydropyrimidine‐5‐carbonitrile were synthesized and tested against recombinant HIV‐1 integrase in an enzyme assay. 2‐(Phenethylthio)‐4‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐6‐oxo‐1,6‐dihydropyrimidine‐5‐carbonitrile 4m and 2‐(phenethylthio)‐4‐(3‐chlorophenyl)‐6‐oxo‐1,6‐dihydropyrimidine‐5‐carbonitrile 4o showed significant inhibition against integrase in the assay (strand transfer: IC50 values of 16 and 17 μM, respectively).
Supramolecular Assembly of Carbohydrate‐Functionalized Salphen–Metal Complexes
Authors: Hui Joseph K.‐H. , Yu Zhen , Mirfakhrai Tissaphern , MacLachlan Mark J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMetallosalphen complexes with peripheral glucose and galactose substituents were synthesized and characterized. Their self‐assembled supramolecular structures were then studied with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). It was found that all of the complexes displayed aggregation in the solid‐state. Zinc–salphen complexes showed a remarkably homogeneous helical nanofibrillar morphology, whereas the other metal complexes only displayed micron‐sized clusters.
Molecular and supramolecular chirality in gemini‐tartrate amphiphiles studied by electronic and vibrational circular dichroisms
Authors: Brizard Aurélie , Berthier Damien , Aimé Carole , Buffeteau Thierry , Cavagnat Dominique , Ducasse Laurent , Huc Ivan , Oda Reiko 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis contribution presents an application of electronic circular dichroism (ECD) and vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) to study the molecular and supramolecular chirality in assemblies of gemini‐tartrate amphiphiles. Nonchiral dicationic n‐2‐n amphiphiles (n = 14–20) can self‐organize into right‐ or left‐handed structures upon interacting with chiral tartrate counterions. Micellar solutions can also be obtained for shorter alkyl chains (n = 12). First, the conformation of tartrate counterions has been investigated in various environments (micellar solutions and chiral ribbons). ECD and VCD spectra recorded in micellar solutions are independent from the solvent and from the nature of the cations (sodium, cetyl‐trimethylammonium, or dimeric surfactant 12‐2‐12) used and are representative of the anticonformation of the tartrate dianions. On the other hand, drastic changes in the ECD and VCD spectra have been observed in multilayered chiral assemblies of 16‐2‐16 tartrate. These strong spectral modifications are associated with the chiral arrangement of the tartrate molecules at the surface of the bilayers. Moreover, chirality transfer from counterions to achiral amphiphiles has been clearly evidenced by VCD since circular dichroism has been observed on vibrations related to alkyl chains and gemini headgroups. Finally, ECD and VCD experiments were performed varying the enantiomeric excess of the tartrate. The ECD and VCD intensities do not vary linearly with the enantiomeric excess of the anion and different behaviors have been observed from the two spectroscopic methods: ECD intensities are correlated to the pitch of the ribbons, whereas the VCD intensities are correlated to the dimension of the chiral ribbons. Chirality 21:E153–E162, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Direct enantioselective HPLC monitoring of lipase‐catalyzed kinetic resolution of flurbiprofen
Authors: Ghanem Ashraf 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe solvent versatility of Chiralpak IB, a 3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate derivative of cellulose‐based chiral stationary phase, is demonstrated in the direct enantioselective HPLC monitoring of lipase‐catalyzed kinetic resolution of flurbiprofen in nonstandard HPLC organic solvents. Nonstandard HPLC organic solvents were used as the reaction media for the lipase‐catalysis and in mean time as diluent to dissolve the “difficult to dissolve” enzyme substrate (the acid) and as eluent for the simultaneous enantioselective HPLC baseline separation of both substrate and product in one run without any further derivatization. Chirality 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dasatinib 100 mg once daily minimizes the occurrence of pleural effusion in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase and efficacy is unaffected in patients who develop pleural effusion
Authors: Porkka Kimmo , Khoury H. Jean , Paquette Ronald L. , Matloub Yousif , Sinha Ritwik , Cortes Jorge E. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Dasatinib, a highly potent BCR‐ABL inhibitor, is an effective treatment for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase (CML CP) after resistance, suboptimal response, or intolerance to prior imatinib. In a phase 3 dose optimization trial in patients with CML CP (CA180‐034), the occurrence of pleural effusion was significantly minimized with dasatinib 100 mg once daily (QD) compared with other treatment arms (70 mg twice daily [twice daily], 140 mg QD, or 50 mg twice daily).METHODS:To investigate the occurrence and management of pleural effusion during dasatinib treatment, and efficacy in patients with or without pleural effusion, data from CA180‐034 were analyzed.RESULTS:With 24‐month minimum follow‐up, 14% of patients treated with dasatinib 100 mg QD incurred pleural effusion (grade 3: 2%; grade 4: 0%) compared with 23% to 26% in other study arms. The pleural effusion rate showed only a minimal increment from 12 to 24 months. In the 100 mg QD study arm, median time to pleural effusion (any grade) was 315 days, and after pleural effusion, 52% of patients had a transient dose interruption, 35% had a dose reduction, 57% received a diuretic, and 26% received a corticosteroid. Three patients in the 100 mg QD study arm discontinued treatment after pleural effusion. Across all study arms, patients with or without pleural effusion demonstrated similar progression‐free and overall survival, and cytogenetic response rates were higher in patients with a pleural effusion.CONCLUSIONS:Pleural effusion is minimized with dasatinib 100 mg QD dosing and its occurrence does not affect short‐ or long‐term efficacy. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Methadone initiation and rotation in the outpatient setting for patients with cancer pain
Authors: Parsons Henrique A. , de la Cruz Maxine , El Osta Badi , Li Zhijun , Calderon Bianca , Palmer J. Lynn , Bruera Eduardo 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Methadone is an effective and inexpensive opioid for cancer pain treatment. It has been reported as difficult to use in the outpatient setting because of its variable relative potency and long half‐life. The purpose of this study was to determine the outcome of methadone initiation or rotation for cancer pain treatment in outpatient settings.METHODS:Chart review was done of 189 consecutive patients who underwent methadone initiation or rotation at the authors' palliative care outpatient center. Data were collected regarding demographic and clinical characteristics, symptoms, and opioid side effects at baseline and for 2 follow‐up visits (F1, F2). Failure was defined as methadone discontinuation by the palliative care physician or patient's hospitalization for uncontrolled pain or methadone‐related side effects at F1.RESULTS:One hundred (53%) initiations and 89 (47%) rotations were conducted. Success rates for methadone initiation and rotation were 82 of 89 (92%) and 85 of 100 (84%), respectively. Mean (standard deviation) age was 60 (11) years. One hundred (53%) patients were women, 138 (73%) were white, and 182 (96%) had solid cancers. The main reason for rotation was pain (65 of 89 patients, 47%). Median (interquartile range, IQR) pain scores (Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale/0‐10) were 6 (5‐8), 4 (3‐6), and 3 (2‐5) at baseline, F1, and F2, respectively (P < .0001). Median (IQR) daily methadone dose for initiation and rotation was 10 (5‐15) mg and 15 (10‐30) mg at F1 (P < .0001) and 10 (8‐15) mg and 18 (10‐30) mg at F2 (P < .0001), respectively. Constipation and nausea improved (P < .005) after initiation/rotation to methadone. Frequency of sedation, hallucinations, myoclonus, and delirium did not increase after initiation/rotation to methadone.CONCLUSIONS:Outpatient methadone initiation and rotation for cancer pain treatment were safe, with high success rates and low side effect profiles. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Complexity‐reduced and contrast‐enhanced halftoning with hybrid model
Authors: Guo Jing‐Ming , Lin Chih‐Yu 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA high‐efficiency and contrast‐enhanced halftoning approach is presented in this article. The contrast of digital image depends highly on the nature of the ambient lighting and the quality of the lens. The required processing time skyrockets when a high printed work of high resolution and quality is needed. In this article, we use the benefits of high‐speed ordered dithering and high‐quality error diffusion to simultaneously solve the problems described earlier. Experimental results demonstrate that this technique is able to enlarge the dynamic range of the histogram and achieve improvement in execution efficiency of 15–47% with the tested images. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 19, 356–361, 2009
Interesting practitioners in training in empirically supported treatments: research reviews versus case studies
Authors: Stewart Rebecca E. , Chambless Dianne L. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIt has been repeatedly demonstrated that clinicians rely more on clinical judgment than on research findings. We hypothesized that psychologists in practice might be more open to adopting empirically supported treatments (ESTs) if outcome results were presented with a case study. Psychologists in private practice (N=742) were randomly assigned to receive a research review of data from randomized controlled trials of cognitive‐behavioral treatment (CBT) and medication for bulimia, a case study of CBT for a fictional patient with bulimia, or both. Results indicated that the inclusion of case examples renders ESTs more compelling and interests clinicians in gaining training. Despite these participants' training in statistics, the inclusion of the statistical information had no influence on attitudes or training willingness beyond that of the anecdotal case information. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 66:1–23, 2010.
Enhanced Terahertz detection in self‐switching diodes
Authors: Iñiguez‐de‐la‐Torre I. , Mateos J. , Pardo D. , Song A. M. , González T. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn this work, by means of Monte Carlo simulations, we analyze the presence of a resonance in the DC current response of an asymmetric nonlinear nanodiode (called self‐switching diode) to AC voltage excitations in the Terahertz range. The phenomenon, which takes place at room temperature, can be enhanced and tuned by the geometry of the device, being potentially useful for selective Terahertz detection. The resonance is linked to a noise mechanism: collective charge fluctuations in the space‐charge region around the active channel of the device, which are visible both in noise and rectification. The enhancement of the DC current is attributed to the phase shift between the applied signal and the response of the charge around the channel near the vertical trenches, which controls the electron flow through the diode. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predictors of progression from high to medium secure services for personality‐disordered patients
Authors: Tetley Amanda C. , Hogue Todd E. , Evershed Sue 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA significant number of inpatients in English high secure hospitals are detained under the Mental Health Act of 2007 with a diagnosis of personality disorder. The main route of discharge for these patients is via medium‐security units. This study sought to determine if male personality‐disordered patients' ability to progress from high to medium secure services is associated with a level of violent risk (Historical, Clinical, Risk Management 20), clinical psychopathy (Psychopathy Checklist‐Revised (PCL‐R)) and evidence of specific personality disorder diagnoses (assessed using the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire‐4th edition plus (PDQ‐4+) and Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI)). Sixty‐five male inpatients within an English high secure personality disorder service who had been assessed using the relevant instruments in 2001 were followed up six years post‐assessment to determine if they had progressed to a medium secure service. The results revealed that the antisocial scales of the PAI and PDQ‐4+, the PCL‐R (particularly factor 1) and the PAI‐Paranoid scale were reliable inverse predictors of institutional progression. The findings from this study suggested that the needs of more severely antisocial and psychopathic, individuals might require greater consideration within forensic psychiatric services. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of novel polybenzimidazoles with pendant amino groups and the formation of their crosslinked membranes for medium temperature fuel cell applications
Authors: Xu Nan , Guo Xiaoxia , Fang Jianhua , Xu Hongjie , Yin Jie 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA series of new polybenzimidazoles (PBIs) with pendant amino groups have been synthesized via condensation polymerization of 5‐aminoisophthalic acid (APTA), isophthalic acid (iPTA), and 3,3′diaminobenzidine (DAB) in polyphosphoric acid at 190 °C for 20 h. The molar ratios between APTA and iPTA were controlled at 1:0, 2:1, 1:1, and 1:2, respectively, and the copolymerization reactions were carried out via both random and sequenced manners. The resulting polymers showed good solubility in some organic solvents such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and N,N‐dimethylacetamide (DMAc). The pendant amino groups of the PBIs were utilized to react with two kinds of crosslinkers, 1,3‐dibromopropane and ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, to yield various crosslinked membranes. The crosslinked membranes generally showed good mechanical properties even at high‐phosphoric acid (PA) doping levels, whereas the uncrosslinked membranes highly swelled or even dissolved in PA. Fenton's test revealed that the crosslinked PBI membranes had excellent radical oxidative stability. The proton conductivities of the PA‐doped crosslinked membranes increased with an increase in temperature and high‐proton conductivity up to 0.14 S/cm at 0% relative humidity at 170 °C was achieved. The membranes with high PA‐doping levels, good mechanical properties, and high‐proton conductivities have been successfully developed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2009
Time‐decayed correlated aggregates over data streams
Authors: Cormode Graham , Tirthapura Srikanta , Xu Bojian 
Published: November 2009

AbstractData stream analysis frequently relies on identifying correlations and posing conditional queries on the data after it has been seen. Correlated aggregates form an important example of such queries, which ask for an aggregation over one dimension of stream elements which satisfy a predicate on another dimension. Since recent events are typically more important than older ones, time decay should also be applied to downweight less significant values. We present space‐efficient algorithms as well as space lower bounds for the time‐decayed correlated sum, a problem at the heart of many related aggregations. By considering different fundamental classes of decay functions, we separate cases where efficient approximations with relative error or additive error guarantees are possible, from other cases where linear space is necessary to approximate. In particular, we show that no efficient algorithms with relative error guarantees are possible for the popular sliding window and exponential decay models, resolving an open problem. This negative result for the exponential decay holds even if the stream is allowed to be processed in multiple passes. The results are surprising, since efficient approximations are known for other data stream problems under these decay models. This is a step toward better understanding which sophisticated queries can be answered on massive streams using limited memory and computation. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 2: 294‐310, 2009
Substrate deprivation therapy in juvenile Sandhoff disease
Authors: Wortmann S. B. , Lefeber D. J. , Dekomien G. , Willemsen M. A. A. P. , Wevers R. A. , Morava E. 
Published: November 2009

SummarySubstrate deprivation therapy has been successfully applied in a number of lysosomal storage diseases, such as Gaucher disease. So far only limited experience is available in Sandhoff disease. We initiated substrate deprivation therapy in one male patient, who initially presented at the age of 3.5 years with epilepsy and regression in motor skills and speech development. Juvenile Sandhoff disease was diagnosed on the basis of a decreased hexosaminidase activity in leukocytes and a homozygous HEXB gene mutation. After the epilepsy was controlled, the clinical course remained stable for years, defined by a mild proximal myopathy and stable mental retardation. At 14 years of age the patient experienced a second episode with progressively worsening general condition with diminishing muscle power and progressive ataxia. Treatment was started with the N‐alkylated imino sugar miglustat, inhibiting the glucosylceramide synthase, an essential enzyme for the synthesis of glycosphingolipids. Diarrhoea was treated with lactose restriction. We performed detailed biochemical investigations, motor and mental development analysis, brain imaging, organ function studies and quality of life score prior to and at different time points after start of the treatment. Two years after the initiation of therapy the patient has a stable neurological picture without further regression in his motor development, ataxia or intelligence. There is a subjective improvement in the fine motor skills and walking up the stairs but no change in the quality of life score. Under treatment with miglustat the clinical course in our patient with Sandhoff disease did not further deteriorate.