bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moving towards universal coverage with malaria control interventions: achievements and challenges in rural Burkina Faso
Authors: De Allegri Manuela , Louis Valérie R , Tiendrébeogo Justin , Souares Aurelia , Yé Maurice , Tozan Yesim , Jahn Albrecht , Mueller Olaf 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYThis paper reports on a study, which assessed coverage with malaria control interventions in rural Burkina Faso, namely insecticide‐treated mosquito nets (ITN) ownership, intermittent preventive treatment (IPTp) for pregnant women and artemisinin‐based combination therapy (ACT) for under‐five children. The study also addressed the distributional impact of such interventions, with specific reference to equity. The study used data from a representative household survey conducted on 1106 households in the Nouna Health District in 2010. Findings indicated that 59% of all households owned at least one ITN, 66% of all pregnant women received IPT at least once and 34% of under‐five children reporting a malaria case were treated with ACT. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that higher socio‐economic status, ownership of at least one radio and living in a village within a Health and Demographic Surveillance System were significantly positively associated with ITN, IPTp and ACT coverage. ITN coverage was higher among households in villages, which had previously hosted an ITN trial and/or the most favourable arm of a trial. Comparing current findings with previous estimates suggests that the country has made substantial progress towards scaling up malaria control interventions but that current coverage rates are still far from achieving the universal coverage targets set by the Roll Back Malaria Partnership. In addition, current coverage patterns reveal the existence of multiple inequities across groups, suggesting that current policies are inadequate to achieve equitable scaling up. Future planning of malaria control interventions ought to take into consideration current inadequacies and lead to programmes better designed to overcome them. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Screening trial of human papillomavirus for early detection of cervical cancer in Santiago, Chile
Authors: Ferreccio Catterina , Barriga María Isabel , Lagos Marcela , Ibáñez Carolina , Poggi Helena , González Francisca , Terrazas Solana , Katki Hormuzd A. , Núñez Felipe , Cartagena Jaime , Van De Wyngard Vanessa , Viñales Daysi , Brañes Jorge 
Published: June 2012

AbstractCervical cancer mortality in Chile is four times higher than in developed countries. We compared the accuracy of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing and conventional Papanicolaou (Pap) testing to detect prevalent precancerous and cancerous lesions in the routine clinical practice of the public health system. Women aged 25 years and older residing in the area covered by three primary care centers of Santiago, Chile, were invited to participate. Eligible women received both HPV DNA (Hybrid Capture 2) and Pap testing. Women positive by either test (Pap: ASCUS+, HC2: RLU/CO ≥1.0) underwent colposcopy and biopsy, as did a sample of double‐negative women with an abnormal cervix at visual inspection or with risk factors for cervical lesions. Crude and verification bias‐corrected sensitivities and specificities were estimated. In total, 8,265 women (98.8% of eligible) had complete screening results. Of these, 10.7% were HPV positive, 1.7% were Pap positive and 1.1% were positive by both tests. In all, 931 (11.3%) women were screen‐positive, of whom 94.3% attended colposcopy. Additionally, 295 control women were invited for colposcopy, of whom 78% attended. In all, 42 CIN2, 45 CIN3 and 9 cancers were identified. Verification bias‐corrected sensitivity for CIN2+ (95% confidence interval) was 92.7% (84.4–96.8) for HPV and 22.1% (16.4–29.2) for Pap; corresponding specificities were 92.0% (91.4–92.6) and 98.9% (98.7–99.0). In conclusion, in routine clinical practice in a developing country, HPV testing was four times more sensitive for CIN2+ than Pap testing, identifying three times more CIN2+ lesions; HPV testing was easily implemented in our established cervical cancer prevention program.
Autophagic tumor stroma: Mechanisms and roles in tumor growth and progression
Authors: Zhao Xianda , He Yuyu , Chen Honglei 
Published: June 2012

AbstractMacroautophagy (hereafter autophagy) is a cellular homeostatic mechanism that involves protein and organelle degradation, and has a number of connections to human physiology and diseases. Autophagy in tumor parenchyma acts as either a tumor‐promoting role or a tumor‐inhibiting role depending on the types and stages of tumors. In recent years, attention to autophagy in tumor stroma that is referred as “autophagic tumor stroma” has created a new paradigm to understand the role of autophagy in cancer. Here we propose that the autophagic tumor stroma is a phenomenon of adaptation at a certain stage of tumor development, and has a prominent role in tumor growth, progression and spread of tumors. This idea is supported by recent studies: (i) Autophagic tumor stroma is activated by hypoxia and cancer cells induced oxidative stress, when tumors grow to a certain stage; (ii) Autophagic tumor stroma aids in providing essential nutrients to malignant cells, remodeling the tumor microenvironment, increasing DNA damage, genetic instability and stemness in cancer cells, and decreasing the apoptotic sensitivity of cancer cells. The autophagic tumor stroma is therefore a significant determinant in tumor growth and progression and implicates an important target for cancer therapies.
Influence of fatty acid‐free diet on mammary tumor development and growth rate in HER‐2/neu transgenic mice
Authors: Rossini Anna , Zanobbio Laura , Sfondrini Lucia , Cavalleri Adalberto , Secreto Giorgio , Morelli Daniele , Palazzo Marco , Sommariva Michele , Tagliabue Elda , Rumio Cristiano , Balsari Andrea 
Published: June 2012

AbstractNumerous investigations have found a relationship between higher risk of cancer and increased intake of fats, while results of clinical studies of fat reduction and breast cancer recurrence have been mixed. A diet completely free of fats cannot be easily administered to humans, but experimental studies in mice can be done to determine whether this extreme condition influences tumor development. Here, we examined the effects of a FA‐free diet on mammary tumor development and growth rate in female FVB‐neu proto‐oncogene transgenic mice that develop spontaneous multifocal mammary tumors after a long latency period. Mice were fed a fatty acid‐free diet beginning at 112, 35, and 30 days of age. In all these experiments, tumor appearance was delayed, tumor incidence was reduced and the mean number of palpable mammary tumors per mouse was lower, as compared to standard diet‐fed mice. By contrast, tumor growth rate was unaffected in mice fed the fatty acid‐free diet. Plasma of mice fed the fatty acid‐free diet revealed significantly higher contents of oleic, palmitoleic and 20:3ω9 acids and lower contents of linoleic and palmitic acids. In conclusion, these findings indicate that a FA‐free diet reduces tumor incidence and latency but not tumor growth rate, suggesting that a reduction in dietary FAs in humans may have a protective effect on tumorigenesis but not on tumors once they appear. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 242–249, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nerve allografts supplemented with schwann cells overexpressing glial‐cell‐line–derived neurotrophic factor
Authors: Santosa Katherine B. , Jesuraj Nithya J. , Viader Andreu , MacEwan Matthew , Newton Piyaraj , Hunter Daniel A. , Mackinnon Susan E. , Johnson Philip J. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIntroduction:We sought to determine whether supplementation of acellular nerve allografts (ANAs) with Schwann cells overexpressing GDNF (G‐SCs) would enhance functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury.Methods:SCs expanded in vitro were infected with a lentiviral vector to induce GDNF overexpression. Wild‐type SCs (WT‐SCs) and G‐SCs were seeded into ANAs used to repair a 14‐mm nerve gap defect. Animals were harvested after 6 and 12 weeks for histomorphometric and muscle force analysis.Results:At 6 weeks, histomorphometry revealed that ANAs supplemented with G‐SCs promoted similar regeneration compared with isograft at midgraft. However, G‐SCs failed to promote regeneration into the distal stump. At 12 weeks, ANAs with G‐SCs had lower maximum and specific force production compared with controls.Conclusions:The combined results suggest that consistent overexpression of GDNF by G‐SCs trapped axons in the graft and prevented functional regeneration. Muscle Nerve, 2013
A generalized BEC picture of superconductors
Authors: Grether M. , de Llano M. , Tolmachev V. V. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA recent re‐examination of BCS theory leads one to devise a generalized BEC formalism (GBEC), that is, essentially a boson‐fermion (BF) model containing three new ingredients: (i) Cooper pairs (CPs), in contrast to BCS pairs, as real bosons; (ii) BF vertex interactions (analogous to electron‐phonon vertices); and (iii) two‐hole CPs (2hCPs) accounted for along with two‐electron CPs (2eCPs). In addition to the usual normal phase at high‐enough temperaturesT, three condensed phases emerge at lower temperatures with substantially higherTcs than BCS theory. These are: two pure BEC phases of 2eCPs and of 2hCPs as well as a mixed phase with both kinds of CPs. BCS theory is precisely recovered with a mixed phase of equal numbers of both kinds of CPs. In contrast to the well‐known BCS exponential rise from zero ofTcas function of carrier‐number density the GBEC scheme exhibits the linear rise as function of doping as eminently observed in high‐Tcunderdoped superconductors such as YBCO. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Experiment and theory combine to produce a practical negative ion calibration set for collision cross‐section determinations by travelling‐wave ion‐mobility mass spectrometry
Authors: Hamilton Jenna V. , Renaud Justin B. , Mayer Paul M. 
Published: June 2012

RATIONALEThere are relatively few cross‐section measurements for negatively charged ions. Available calibrants provide sufficient cross‐section coverage for the 390 Å2 to 641 Å2 and 1174 Å2 to 3395 Å2 ranges. This is not particularly well suited for determining the collision cross‐sections of smaller ions, such as small peptides.METHODSMolecular mechanics/molecular dynamics (MM/MD) simulations, coupled with simulated annealing, were used to find the low‐energy molecular conformations of polystyrene (PS) oligomers of length 3–9 (singly deprotonated) and 5–13 (doubly deprotonated). The trajectory method in MOBCAL was employed to derive their respective collision cross‐sections, Ω. A calibration plot relating corrected Ω values to drift times in a Waters Synapt G2 mass spectrometer was used to predict the Ω values for the −2 to −6 charge states of dT10 DNA.RESULTSThe in silico design of a reliable negative ion calibration set for ion mobility spectrometry successfully resulted in the use of α,ω‐carboxy‐terminated PS oligomers to determine the collision cross‐sections of negatively charged ions in the range 132–388 Å2. All charge states of dT10 DNA were predicted to within 3% of the referenced values for these ions.CONCLUSIONSα,ω‐Carboxy‐terminated PS oligomers were found to be an excellent choice to calibrate ion mobility spectrometers to obtain cross‐sections for moderately sized ions. Oligomers with fewer, or weaker, interactions among the internal side chains (like poly(ethylene glycol) oligomers) tend to have a wide range of low‐energy molecular conformations resulting in large standard deviations in their theoretically predicted collision cross‐sections. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
La[AsO3]: Lanthanum Oxoarsenate(III) with K[ClO3]‐Type Crystal Structure
Authors: Metzger Sebastian J. , Heymann Gunter , Huppertz Hubert , Schleid Thomas 
Published: June 2012

AbstractColorless, transparent single crystals of the lanthanum oxoarsenate(III) La[AsO3] emerged after exposing an equimolar mixture of La2O3 and As2O3 to high pressure (11.5 GPa) and high temperature (1000 °C). The air‐ and water‐stable compound crystallizes isotypically with K[ClO3] and thus can be described in the monoclinic space group P21/m with the lattice constants a = 442.91(4), b = 531.40(5), c = 622.83(6) pm and β = 105.564(3)° for Z = 2. Just like the K+ cations in K[ClO3], the crystallographically unique La3+ cations in La[AsO3] are surrounded by nine oxygen atoms (d(La3+–O2–) = 254–287 pm). The corresponding [LaO9]15– polyhedra get first interconnected by two edges to form infinite $\rm^{1}_{\infty}${[LaO7]11–} chains running along the a axis. These chains generate $\rm^{1}_{\infty}${[LaO6]9–} layers spreading out parallel to the ab plane by vertex‐sharing, which are further connected along [001] by common edges to build double layers. The(O1)2– anions remain terminal and protrude from these double layers in c direction, but finally serve for their condensation in order to erect a three‐dimensional anionic $\rm^{1}_{\infty}${[LaO3]3–} network. Charge compensation is achieved by incorporation of As3+ cations in creating isolated, ψ1‐tetrahedral [AsO3]3– units (d(As3+–O2–) = 176–177 pm, [ang](O–As–O)= 96–99°). Their lone pairs align along the c axis targeting at opposing La3+ cations.
A longitudinal study of the associations among adolescent conflict resolution styles, depressive symptoms, and romantic relationship longevity☆
Authors: Ha Thao , Overbeek Geertjan , Cillessen Antonius H.N. , Engels Rutger C.M.E. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTThis study investigated whether adolescents’ conflict resolution styles mediated between depressive symptoms and relationship longevity. Data were used from a sample of 80 couples aged 13–19 years old (Mage = 15.48, SD = 1.16). At Time 1 adolescents reported their depressive symptoms and conflict resolution styles. Additionally, time until break‐up was assessed. Data were analyzed using actor–partner interdependence models. Results showed no support for conflict resolution styles as mediators. Girls’ depressive symptoms were directly related to shorter relationships. Additionally, actor effects were found indicating that boys and girls with more depressive symptoms used negative resolution styles and were less likely to employ positive problems solving strategies. Finally, one partner effect was found: girls’ depressive symptoms related to more positive problem solving in boys.
Adult and adolescent social reciprocity: Experimental data from the Trust Game
Authors: Belli Stefano R. , Rogers Robert D. , Lau Jennifer Y.F. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTTwenty‐four adults (aged 19–35) and 27 adolescents (aged 13–14) played as ‘Trustee’ in an iterated Trust Game against a pre‐programmed set of ‘Investor’ moves, said to belong to an unknown co‐player. Trustee behaviour was examined first in response to normative Investor cooperation, and then in response to a period of social rupture caused by reduced investments. Adolescents were motivated by inequity aversion during normative Investor cooperation, whereas adults over‐compensated the Investor. Participants were also identified as coaxers or non‐coaxers based on how they responded to social rupture: ‘coaxers’ were individuals who made at least one relatively generous return to the Investor during this phase. A single coaxing move predicted consistently higher returns to Investors across both normative and reduced investments. Adults showed greater polarisation between coaxing and non‐coaxing strategies than did adolescents. These data suggest that adults and adolescents may respond differently to periods of possible social rupture.
Comparison of misoprostol‐only and combined mifepristone–misoprostol regimens for home‐based early medical abortion in Tunisia and Vietnam
Authors: Blum Jennifer , Raghavan Sheila , Dabash Rasha , Ngoc Nguyen thi Nhu , Chelli Héla , Hajri Selma , Conkling Kathryn , Winikoff Beverly 
Published: June 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the potential advantages of combined mifepristone–misoprostol versus misoprostol‐only for early medical abortion.MethodsA double‐blind randomized placebo controlled study was conducted that enrolled 441 pregnant women (< 63 days since last menstrual period) at 2 hospitals in Tunisia and Vietnam. The mifepristone–misoprostol group (n = 220) received 200 mg of mifepristone on day 1 and 800 μg buccal misoprostol followed by placebo 3 hours later on day 2. The misoprostol‐only group (n = 221) received placebo on day 1 and 1600 μg of misoprostol (2 doses of 800 μg, given 3 hours apart) on day 2. All medications were self‐administered at home with follow‐up 1 week later. The primary outcome was complete uterine evacuation without surgical intervention.ResultsSuccessful uterine evacuation occurred for 78.0% (n = 170) of women with misoprostol only versus 92.9% (n = 195) of women with mifepristone–misoprostol (relative risk 0.84, 95% CI, 0.78–0.91; P < 0.001). Ongoing pregnancy occurred for 13.8% (n = 30) of women given misoprostol‐only and 1.4% (n = 3) of women given mifepristone–misoprostol (relative risk 9.63, 95% CI 2.98–31.09; P < 0.001).ConclusionMifepristone plus misoprostol is significantly more effective than misoprostol‐only for early medical abortion.Clinical trials.gov registration number: NCT00680394.
Multi-proxy evidence for late Holocene anthropogenic environmental changes at Bongpo marsh on the east coast of Korea
Authors: Park Jungjae , Yu Keun Bae , Lim Hyoun Soo , Shin Young Ho 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe present a multi-proxy record (pollen, microscopic charcoal, magnetic susceptibility, carbon-isotopic composition, total organic carbon [TOC], carbon/nitrogen [C/N] ratios, and particle size) of the late Holocene environmental change and human activities from Bongpo marsh on the east coast of Korea. Mutual interaction between the environment and humans during the late Holocene has not been properly investigated in Korea due to the lack of undisturbed samples with high sedimentation rates. In this study, the history of human responses to late Holocene environmental changes is clearly reconstructed using a multi-proxy paleoenvironmental approach that has not previously been applied in Korea. The evidence from Bongpo marsh indicates that 1) Bongpo marsh began to develop ca. 650 BC as a coastal lagoon was rapidly filled with organic matter, 2) agricultural disturbance around the study site remained slight until ca. AD 600, 3) full-scale intensive agriculture prevailed and the area of deforestation increased between ca. AD 600 and ca. AD 1870, and 4) the land use changed from lowland rice agriculture to upland cultivation when agricultural productivity declined after AD 1870, probably due to severe deforestation and the consequent heavy influx of clastic sediment on rice fields, as described in various historical documents.
Inheritance of Resistance to Blight (Phytophthora infestans) in Potatoes: Strain C and its Relationships
Authors: Black William 
Published: June 2012

SynopsisThe common strain A of the blight fungus (Phytophthora infestans) and two new strains, B and C, have been employed in testing potato varieties and seedling progenies, bred from the wild species S. demissum, for resistance to the disease. The reactions of seedlings to infection with strain C are compared with those of strains A and B. The C strain is shown to be more virulent than A, since it attacks some A resistant as well as all A susceptible plants. Likewise the B strain is more virulent than A. The difference between the pathogenicity of strains B and C, however, is not one of degree of virulence; one plant may be B resistant-C susceptible, while another may be B susceptible-C resistant. This difference is essentially of a qualitative nature. Resistance to these strains, which is manifested by the hypersensitive condition of the plant's cells, is produced in the presence of three major independent genes, Re, Rb and Rbc, which confer resistance to strains A and C, A and B, and A, B and C respectively. Segregations in each case are similar in type, and are characterised by an excess of recessive individuals.
Note on the Feeding of Amphioxus (Branchiostoma bermudœ)
Authors: Dennell R. 
Published: June 2012

SynopsisThe ciliary feeding mechanism of Amphioxus (Branchiostoma bermudœ) is dependent for its continued effectiveness on the cleaning action of a powerful current of water produced by movements of the floor of the atrium. As ciliary feeding progresses, the buccal cirri become heavily choked with particles of detritus, and the feeding current entering the pharynx is thereby reduced. When this occurs, the atrial floor is violently raised and lowered, and water is pumped in and out of the atrium by way of the pharynx and oral hood, dislodging the accumulated particles from the buccal cirri. As is to be expected, the atriopore is capable of being closed during this process.
IX.—Examples of Hybridization between two Species of Macaw (Ara)
Authors: Auber L. , Osman Hill W. C. 
Published: June 2012

SynopsisThe colour-pattern of hybrids between Ara chloroptera male and Ara ararauna female (Aves, Psittaci) combines parental features with a character which is found in some more “primitive” species of the genus but does not occur in the two parent species. The anatomical significance of this “ancestral” pattern mark is discussed.
XX.—The Floral Meristem as a Reaction System
Authors: Wardlaw C. W. 
Published: June 2012

SynopsisFloral ontogenesis has long been a preoccupation of morphologists. In trying to understand the physiological mechanism that underlies and determines the orderly formation of the several kinds of floral organs, it is essential to consider the organization and functional activities of the apex of the antecedent leafy shoot. The most general characteristic of the growing shoot apical meristem is that it gives rise to a succession of regularly spaced leaf primordia, sometimes of very variable form and structure, these having their inception in loci of special metabolism, or growth centres. The latter, typically originate in the sub-distal region of the meristem. The initial state of this region, which consists of equivalent embryonic cells, may be such that the reacting metabolic substances are homogeneously distributed in it. A contemporary chemical theory of morphogenesis envisages the possibility that a reaction system of this kind, in obedience to the laws of physical chemistry and mathematics, and on being activated, can give rise to a patternized distribution of metabolites, e.g. of growth centres, this constituting the chemical basis for the ensuing morphogenetic developments. This general property of the apex is maintained throughout the flora development, however much it may be modified in other ways. It is also known that the positions of new primordia are affected by those already present round the meristem.
III.—A Gravity Survey of a Glacier-dammed Lake in North Greenland
Authors: Bull C. 
Published: June 2012

SynopsisA gravity survey has been made of a glacier-dammed lake in Dronning Louise Land, North-East Greenland. Corrections for the effect of the local topography and the regional Bouguer anomaly are made to the values of the acceleration due to gravity measured at about 230 points on the lake and its shores. From the differences between the corrected values at the lake stations and those of the shores, depths of water under the lake stations are calculated, and a contour map of the lake bottom is drawn. A submerged shelf, 75 metres below the present lake level, persists around the western part of the lake. This may be the shore-line of a pre-glacial lake.
XIV.—New Records of Polychætes from Scottish Coastal and Offshore Waters
Authors: McIntyre A. D. 
Published: June 2012

SynopsisFrom a faunistic survey in Scottish waters, concentrated mainly in the sea lochs of the north-west coast and in the deep water in the North Sea off the east coast, thirty-two species of polychætes are listed which have not previously been recorded from these areas. Seven of the species are new records for British coastal waters or for the North Sea.