bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HSD10 disease: clinical consequences of mutations in the HSD17B10 gene
Authors: Zschocke Johannes 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe HSD17B10 gene is located on chromosome Xp11.2 and codes for a multifunctional protein called 17β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 (HSD10). This protein catalyzes the 2‐methyl‐3‐hydroxybutyryl‐CoA dehydrogenation (MHBD) reaction in isoleucine metabolism and is an essential component of mitochondrial RNase P required for the processing of mtDNA transcripts. HSD10 is required for normal mitochondrial maintenance, and complete loss of HSD10 is incompatible with life. Mutations in the HSD17B10 gene have been reported in 19 families. The classical infantile form of what is best named HSD10 disease is characterized by a period of more or less normal development in the first 6‐18 months of life. Some patients showed transient metabolic derangement in the neonatal period, with good clinical recovery but often persistent lactate elevation. Usually from age 6‐18 months affected boys show a progressive neurodegenerative disease course in conjunction with retinopathy and cardiomyopathy leading to death at age 2‐4 years or later. A more severe presentation in the neonatal period with little neurological development, severe progressive cardiomyopathy, and early death, is denoted neonatal form. Juvenile and atypical/asymptomatic forms of HSD10 disease have been recognized. Heterozygous females often show non‐progressive developmental delay and intellectual disability but may also be clinically normal. The pathogenesis is poorly understood but is unrelated to MHBD function. Diagnosis is based on typical abnormalities in urinary organic acid analysis and molecular studies. The same de novo mutation p.R130C was found in over half of patient families; it is associated with the infantile disease form. There is no effective treatment.
Selective local texture features based face recognition with single sample per class
Authors: Jaya Priya K. , Rajesh R. S. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Local appearance-based methods have been successfully applied to face recognition and achieved state-of-the-art performance. In this paper we propose a local selective feature extraction approach based on Gabor filters and the Local Binary Pattern (LBP) approach to face recognition. A Gabor filter extracts the textural features from the face image and generates the binary face template using those features. The binary face template acts like a mask to extract the local texture information of the face image using a Local Binary Pattern technique. This selective local texture feature approach uses the histogram-based matching for face recognition. This method reduces the computation time considerably. This method also reduces the number of Local Binary Patterns into half compared to the existing LBP method. This proposed approach reduces the computation time for the FERET dataset by 45%. Experiments on well-known face databases such as FERET, Yale, Indian Faces and ORL show that this approach obtains consistent and promising results in the scenario of one training sample per person with significant facial variation.
The effect of exercise on IL‐6‐induced cachexia in the ApcMin/+ mouse
Authors: Puppa Melissa J. , White James P. , Velázquez Kandy T. , Baltgalvis Kristen A. , Sato Shuichi , Baynes John W. , Carson James A. 
Published: November 2011

BackgroundCachexia involves unintentional body weight loss including diminished muscle and adipose tissue mass and is associated with an underlying disease. Systemic overexpression of IL‐6 accelerates cachexia in the ApcMin/+ mouse, but does not induce wasting in control C57BL/6 mice. With many chronic diseases, chronic inflammation and metabolic dysfunction can be improved with moderate exercise. A direct effect of regular moderate exercise on the prevention of IL‐6‐induced cachexia in the ApcMin/+ mouse has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of exercise on the development of cachexia in the ApcMin/+ mouse.MethodsMice were randomly assigned to moderate treadmill exercise (18 m/min, 1 h, 6 days/week, 5% grade) or cage control (CC) groups from 6 to 14 weeks of age. At 12 weeks of age, mice were electroporated with either IL‐6‐containing or control plasmid into the quadriceps muscle. Mice were killed after 2 weeks of systemic IL‐6 overexpression or control treatment.ResultsIL‐6 overexpression induced an 8% loss in body weight in CC mice, which was significantly attenuated by exercise. IL‐6 overexpression in CC mice increased fasting insulin and triglyceride levels, which were normalized by exercise, and associated with increased oxidative capacity, an induction of AKT signaling, and a repression of AMPK signaling in muscle. These exercise‐induced changes occurred despite elevated inflammatory signaling in skeletal muscle.ConclusionWe conclude that moderate‐intensity exercise can attenuate IL‐6‐dependent cachexia in ApcMin/+ mice, independent of changes in IL‐6 concentration and muscle inflammatory signaling. The exercise effect was associated with improved insulin sensitivity and improved energy status in the muscle.
Implementing the World Health Organization Surgical Safety Checklist: A Model for Future Perioperative Initiatives
Authors: Styer Kristin Alt , Ashley Stanley W. , Schmidt Ilona , Zive Elaine M. , Eappen Sunil 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn the fall of 2008, perioperative leaders at Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, conducted a two‐week trial of the World Health Organization Surgical Safety Checklist in the main OR. The checklist was incorporated by using a Plan‐Do‐Study‐Act cycle. In 2009, we began a 14‐week rollout of the surgical safety checklist to all our ORs. Critical factors that led to the success of this implementation included gaining executive leadership endorsement; recruiting volunteers from each discipline to lead the project; using quality methodologies to ensure a thoughtful, organizing implementation; providing frequent feedback and data; and confirming standardized use of the checklist by creating a policy.
Aisled Houses in the Halifax Area
Authors: Atkinson Frank , McDowall R. W. 
Published: November 2011

The houses with which this paper is concerned belong to the small segment of the eastern slopes of the Pennines known as the ‘Ancient Parish of Halifax’. It is not known when the ‘Ancient Parish’ was formed but the first recorded vicar of Halifax was inducted in 1274 and in that same year the Wakefield Manor Courts ceased to meet in Sowerby Town and made Halifax their centre.The Ancient Parish covers ten miles of the valley of the river Calder and its tributaries, Halifax itself lying on the Hebble. The area is bleak; it lies, all except the extreme eastern part, on Millstone Grit and rises from a height of some 200 feet above sea level in the valley to an altitude of 1,400 feet. The old settlements mostly lie on the sloping hillsides at an average height of 700 feet.
Medieval Roofs with Base-Crucks and Short Principals
Authors: Alcock N. W. , Barley M. W. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThis paper examines, from two points of view, a collection of some ninety buildings with base-cruck trusses, and a further group of related buildings, particularly those whose roof trusses incorporate short principals. Examination of the social status of the buildings shows that they belonged to a remarkably homogeneous section of feudal society, and their distribution can be explained largely in terms of the social connections of a class, with some further influence of local schools of carpentry. The typological development of base-crucks and short principals is traced from their twelfth- or thirteenth-century origins to a fifteenth-century devolution into various local sub-types.
Later Bronze Age Activity in the Somerset Levels
Authors: Coles John M. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThe evidence of human activity in the Somerset Levels in the first millennium B.C. consists of wooden trackways laid across areas of developing raised bog, and joining small settlements on the higher, drier lands of the Poldens and the Wedmore ridge. The excavation of one of these tracks, of the sixth century B.C., is described. Stray finds of weapons and tools continue to be made by peat-cutters and by archaeologists; the most recent of these finds are a hazelwood peg or truncheon, and a sycamore tent peg, of the fourth or third century B.C. The relationship of the trackways and other finds to the marshside villages at Meare remains to be established.
A Contribution to the Study of Glastonbury Ware from South-Western Britain
Authors: Peacock D. P. S. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryA petrological study of the rock inclusions present in Early Iron Age Glastonbury ware suggests that the raw materials for pottery making were not usually obtained on or near the find-sites, but from specific localities throughout south-western England. Since each of the petrological groups has its own range of typological traits there is reason to believe that the completed pots, rather than the materials, were transported, suggesting the activity of specialist potters working from production centres. The relevance of the new evidence to the origin of the decorative styles and the cultural interpretation of the pottery is briefly discussed.
A Roman Christian Silver Treasure from Biddulph, Staffordshire
Authors: Painter K. S. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryIn 1971 the British Museum bought a fourth-century silver spoon with Christian symbols. An undated document acquired with the spoon showed that it was the survivor of a hoard from Biddulph, Staffordshire. In 1973 notes made in January 1886, about the discovery of the spoon, were found in a notebook compiled by A. W. Franks. The newly acquired spoon proves to have been one of a hoard of four spoons found at Whitemore Farm, Biddulph. The find-place of the spoon suggests a possible direct link between Chester and Buxton, while its dating adds to the sparse testimony for late-Roman life in the north-west of the province. The style of the lettering may indicate that the spoon was made in the East Mediterranean, and the Christian symbolism adds to the stock of evidence about the cult in the western Roman Empire.
A Lost Bronze Effigy of 1279 from York Minster
Authors: Badham Sally 
Published: November 2011

SummaryYork Minster once contained a relief bronze effigy to Dean William de Langton who died in 1279, the earliest known example of such a monument in this country. The effigy was probably destroyed in 1645 though remnants of the tomb survived until 1829. Its appearance is known from antiquarian sources. It is not clear that the expertise to cast a full-size effigy existed in England at that time and the tomb may have been made on the Continent, possibly in France.
The Excavation of the Roman Earthwork at Winterslow, Wilts
Authors: de Mallet Vatcher Faith 
Published: November 2011

Originally thought to be a Neolithic long barrow, this site was proved by excavation to be the downhill half of a circular Roman earthwork, possibly an amphitheatre. It was excavated by the writer, assisted by her husband, Major H. L. Vatcher, on behalf of the Ministry of Works from April to July 1959.Ploughing over the area as a whole for many years had considerably blurred the outlines of the earthwork, almost levelling the uphill half of the circle which was visible only at certain times and in certain lights, and had caused a great deal of hill-wash to accumulate in the hollow central part, while the bank of the excavated half had also been considerably spread and reduced in height.
Excavations at Carthage, 1975: Second Interim Report
Authors: Hurst Henry 
Published: November 2011

SummaryIn the second season of excavation by a British team participating in the UNESCO Save Carthage project it was found that the topography of the island in the circular harbour underwent a radical change in the fourth century B.C., after which there appear to have been first timber and then stone ship-sheds and other installations associated with the Punic naval harbour. The Roman quaysides were found both on the island and on the mainland and much new information obtained, partly from underwater survey, about the bridge or causeway which linked the island with the mainland. A reconstruction was attempted of the presumed Roman pharos. Apart from modern features, the latest stage in the archaeological sequence on the island was a series of burials in stone cists at the centre and another, of apparently uncoffined inhumations, at the north edge, both groups dating not earlier than the sixth century A.D. On the Circular Harbour, North Side an 18 m.-wide strip was cleared across the insula between kardines XV and XVI and north of the quay wall, but excavation of the stratigraphical sequence is still in its early stages. At the Avenue Habib Bourguiba, Salammbo, immediately north of the city wall a sequence of a building, probably of the sixth–early seventh century A.D., followed by a period of burials, followed by another building, may span the change from the Byzantine to the Arab occupation of Carthage. South of the city wall there are signs of a metalled berm and defensive ditch, which could belong to the time of Belisarius, the presumed ditch being at least partly filled in before the construction of a building aligned on the so-called Gracchan centuriation.
New Light on the Origins of Floor Mosaics
Authors: Fernández-Galiano Dimas 
Published: November 2011

SummaryRecent discoveries of pebble mosaics in various settlements in southern Spain from the seventh to the fourth centuriesB.C.reveal an early tradition in floor-making. These discoveries have thrown new light on the origins of the most commonly used floors in Roman times,opus signinumandopus tessellatum. The first technique, thought to be Italian in origin, was probably developed in Italy from previous experiments in other Mediterranean sites which were of Punic origin. The origin of tessellated floors has been widely discussed and, although they were being produced on a large scale in Italy towards the first centuryA.D., we can assume that there existed a long experimental stage prior to the Roman period in which two general types of mosaic floors were developed—those with a uniform surface and those formed with small elements.
Abingdon's ‘Right Goodly Crosse of Stone’
Authors: Liversidge M. J. H. 
Published: November 2011

SummarySurviving records afford only a very incomplete impression of the appearance of the fine Gothic cross erected by the Fraternity of the Holy Cross in the market place at Abingdon in the 1440s and destroyed by Parliamentarian troops in 1644. An early seventeenth-century painting of the Abingdon cross at Christ's Hospital in the town shows it after it had been substantially altered during restoration in 1605, but its original appearance can be partially reconstructed from what is known of the Coventry cross, set up between 1541 and 1545, which was closely modelled on the Abingdon example, the most elaborate of its type built in the fifteenth century.
Excavations at Rivenhall Church, Essex: An Interim Report
Authors: Rodwell Warwick , Rodwell Kirsty 
Published: November 2011

SummaryExcavation near and adjacent to Rivenhall church in 1971–2 revealed a sequence of occupation beginning in the Iron Age. The present church, thought to be a nineteenth-century rebuild, was shown to be largely a late Saxon structure, with medieval additions. It seems to have been preceded by a small wooden church constructed of upright timbers set in wall-trenches. The whole overlies the remains of a large Roman villa. Finds of pagan period and later Saxon pottery suggest continuous occupation from Roman to medieval times.
Seed production of barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) in response to time of emergence in cotton and rice
Authors: BAGAVATHIANNAN M. V. , NORSWORTHY J. K. , SMITH K. L. , NEVE P. 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYThe spread of herbicide resistance in barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli(L.) Beauv.) poses a serious threat to crop production in the southern United States. A thorough knowledge of the biology of barnyardgrass is fundamental for designing effective resistance-management programmes. In the present study, seed production of barnyardgrass in response to time of emergence was investigated in cotton and rice, respectively, in Fayetteville and Rohwer, Arkansas, over a 2-year period (2008–09). Barnyardgrass seed production was greater when seedlings emerged with the crop, but some seed production was observed even if seedlings emerged several weeks after crop emergence. Moreover, barnyardgrass seed production was highly variable across environments. When emerging with the crop (0 weeks after crop emergence (WAE)), barnyardgrass producedc. 35 500 and 16 500 seeds/plant in cotton, andc. 39 000 and 2900 seeds/plant in rice, in 2008 and 2009, respectively. Seed production was observed when seedlings emerged up to 5 WAE (2008) or 7 WAE (2009) in cotton and up to 5 WAE (2008, 2009) in rice; corresponding seed production wasc. 2500 and 1500 seeds/plant in cotton, andc. 14 700 and 110 seeds/plant in rice, in 2008 and 2009, respectively. The results suggest that cultural approaches that delay the emergence of barnyardgrass or approaches that make the associated crop more competitive will be useful in integrated management programmes. In the context of herbicide resistance management, it may be valuable to prevent seed return to the seedbank, irrespective of cohorts. The findings are vital for parameterizing herbicide resistance simulation models for barnyardgrass.
THE CHANGING PROFILE OF CONSANGUINITY RATES IN BAHRAIN, 1990–2009
Authors: AL-ARRAYED SHAIKHA , HAMAMY HANAN 
Published: November 2011

SummaryConsanguineous marriage is traditional and respected in most communities of North Africa, the Middle East and West Asia, including Bahrain, with intra-familial unions accounting for 20–50+% of all marriages. Significant secular changes in consanguinity rates have been reported in recent decades in different populations. Among parents of 14,237 newborns in Bahrain in 2008–2009, the total consanguinity and first cousin marriage rates over a period of four months in 2008 were 10.9% and 6.9% respectively, while during all of 2009 the rates were 11.4% and 6.8% respectively. The study confirms that over a ten-year period first cousin marriage rates in Bahrain have declined from 24% to nearly 7%. Although advice against cousin marriages was not attempted at any stage in the comprehensive community genetics programmes in Bahrain, increasing the literacy of the public and of the health care providers on prevention strategies for genetic diseases could have contributed to this decline in consanguinity rate in Bahrain.
Glacier displacement on Comfortlessbreen, Svalbard, using 2-pass differential SAR interferometry (DInSAR) with a digital elevation model
Authors: Schneevoigt Nora Jennifer , Sund Monica , Bogren Wiley , Kääb Andreas , Weydahl Dan Johan 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTDifferential synthetic aperture radar interferometry (DInSAR) exploits the coherence between the phases of two or more satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) scenes taken from the same orbit to separate the phase contributions from topography and movement by subtracting either phase. Hence pure terrain displacement can be derived without residual height information in it, but only the component of movement in line-of-sight direction is represented in a differential interferogram. Comfortlessbreen, a recently surging glacier, flows predominantly in this direction with respect to the European Remote Sensing satellites ERS-1 and ERS-2. Four C-band SAR scenes from spring 1996 were selected because of the high coherence between the respective pairs of the 1-day repeat-pass tandem mission of the ERS sensors. 2-pass DInSAR is performed in combination with a SPOT5 (Satéllite pour l'Observation de la Terre 5) SPIRIT (SPOT5 stereoscopic survey of Polar Ice: Reference Images and Topography) digital elevation model (DEM) from 2007. The different processing steps and intermediate image products, including unwrapping and generation of displacement maps, are detailed in order to convey the DInSAR processing chain to the beginner in the field of interferometry. Maximum horizontal displacements of 18 to 20 cm d−1 in ground range direction can be detected at the glacier terminus, while a few centimetres per day characterised most of the middle and upper portions of Comfortlessbreen in spring 1996.
High temporal resolution monitoring of snow cover using oblique view ground-based pictures
Authors: Laffly D. , Bernard É. , Griselin M. , Tolle F. , Friedt J-M. , Martin G. , Marlin C. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTDue to poor weather conditions including common heavy cloud cover at polar latitudes, daily satellite imaging is not always accessible. Nevertheless, fast events including heavy rainfall inducing floods appear as significant in the ice and snow budget while being ignored by satellite based studies since the slower sampling rate is unable to observe such short phenomena. We complement satellite imagery with a set of ground based autonomous automated high resolution digital cameras. The recorded oblique views, acquired at a rate of 3 images per day, are processed for comparison with the spaceborne imagery. Delaunay triangulation based mapping using a dense set of reference points provides the means for an accurate projection by applying a rubber sheeting algorithm. The measurement strategy of identifying binary information of ice and snow cover is illustrated through the example of a particular flood event. We observe a snow cover evolution from 100% to 44.5% and back to 100% over a period of 2 weeks.
The human right to health and the struggle for recognition
Authors: HAYDEN PATRICK 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPersistent health inequalities exist globally, affecting high-income countries and blighting the developing world. Health inequalities currently are one of the greatest challenges facing realisation of the human right to health. This article argues that the struggle for the right to health in the face of such inequalities requires embracing three critical considerations: redistribution, representation, and recognition. While the analysis of the right to health has been formulated predominantly around theories of distributive justice, I suggest that a more normatively compelling account will link the politics of economic redistribution to the politics of sociocultural recognition. A recognition approach, which views rights claims as grounded on the vulnerability of the human condition, can show how rights are emergent in political action and that the ability to claim and exercise the human right to health is contingent upon recognition of diverse sociopolitical statuses. From this perspective, there are no ‘neutral’ constructions of the rights-bearing subject and conflict between different political framings of the right to health is a consequence of the struggle for recognition. This theme is illustrated by comparing conservative, affirmative, and transformative processes of recognition in the struggle for access to essential antiretroviral medicines by South Africa's Treatment Action Campaign.