bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Herméneutique et psychanalyse
Authors: Ellenberger Henri 
Published: June 2010

L'Ouvrage remarquablement dense et original de M. Paul Ricœur intéresse le psychiatre autant que le philosophe. Il s'agit d'une étude sur la psychanalyse considérée en elle-même et en tant que méthode pour servir à Pédification d'un système philosophique.La psychanalyse, affirme M. Ricceur, n'est réductible ni à la psychologie expérimentale, ni à la linguistique, ni à la phénoménologie; elle est une herméneutique. Plus précisément, elle est une variété d'herméneutique parmi d'autres. Elle constitue à ce titre un des éléments qui serviront un jour (á côtè de la logique symbolique, de la linguistique, des théories de Bultmann et de Wittgenstein) à la construction d'un système sémantique universel. En outre, la psychanalyse contribuera, en tant qu'herméneutique, à l'établissement d'une philosophic réflexive qui niera la notion de rimmédiateté de la conscience, car la conscience immédiate est une conscience fausse qu'il s'agit de démystifier. Toutefois, ce projet philosophique se heurte à une difficulté: l'herméneutique démystifiante de la psychanalyse semble s'opposer à l'herméneutique religieuse (telle que celle-ci apparaît, notamment, dans les symboles du Salut); le problème sera done de surmonter cette « guerre des hermeneutiques ».
Explaining away Singular Non-existence Statements
Authors: Lambert Karel 
Published: June 2010

Nowhere in philosophy is there a more persistent kind of nuisance statement than the singular negative existential. Examples of this sort of statement are the descriptional statement(1) The teacher at Sleepy Hollow doesn't exist,and the referential statement(2) Ichabod Crane doesn't exist.Statements denying existence to a specific object have bothered philosophers from Parmenides to Ryle and Quine. Their high nuisance value rests in a simple paradox they generate. The paradox may be phrased as follows.
De la poésie aux automatismes dramatiques
Authors: Jones Henri 
Published: June 2010

Si la discussion présente — comme la poésie — quelque au-delà d'ordre ontologique, il nous ferait plaisir de reprendre les points posés par M. Brault dans son post-scriptum à un récent article* …D'abord il était question d'éviter les « à peu près» quant aux bases de discussion valable sur toute poésie; or, le but de notre exposé ne visait certes pas à polir une définition originale; il allait de soi que nous faisions nôtres les acceptions généralement admises, à commencer par celles de M. Brault. La poésie est rythme, chant, véhicule d'images — et de pensées — susceptibles d'émouvoir; témoignage de notre soif de certitude, prière … II n'en est pas moins vrai que, pendant des siècles, le concept a maintenu gaillardement ses droits dans l'expression poétique à côté du frisson causé par des impondérables et sans toujours, immanquablement, lui nuire. La poésie de Racine est tout de meme conceptuelle; et celle de Vigny — et celle de Chateaubriand si, comme on nous le fait justement remarquer, la poésie dépasse le cadre d'une prosodie plus ou moins traditionnelle.
Wittgenstein's Lectures and Conversations on Aesthetics, Psychology and Religious Belief
Authors: Engel S. Morris 
Published: June 2010

This slender volume contains notes, kept by some of those who were present, of lectures on aesthetics and religious belief, and of conversations with Rush Rhees concerning Freud. The lectures were given informally by Wittgenstein at Cambridge in 1938; the conversations took place between 1942 and 1946. Wittgenstein neither wrote down nor saw the material here presented, but the editor reports that the versions of lecture notes by different students agree to a remarkable extent.Despite the varying authorships and intervals of time during which these Lectures and Conversations took place, the book is a surprisingly integrated whole and not simply a miscellany. What seems to unite its three topics and their treatment is Wittgenstein's examination of the kind of evidence upon which each of the three disciplines (Aesthetics, Psychoanalysis, Religious Belief) have tended to rely—his argument being that 1) Psychoanalysis has tended to rest on insufficient evidence; 2) Aesthetics on the wrong kind of evidence; and 3) Religious Belief on the false notion that it is a matter of evidence when this is not at all the case.
Wittgenstein and Knowing the Meaning of a Word
Authors: Hunter J. F. M. 
Published: June 2010

If, as Wittgenstein remarks, ‘the meaning of the word “length” is learnt among other things by learning what it is to determine length’ (Philosophical Investigations, p. 225), must we conclude that part of what one knows in knowing the meaning of this word is that length is determined in certain ways, and hence that we should explain the meaning partly by explaining how we determine length, and that the meaning consists partly in certain ways of determining length?It is not easy to construct a clear argument to that effect, and yet we might naturally so conclude, perhaps on the grounds that generally what we learn in learning X and what we know in knowing X are the same. We learn the names of the professors by learning that that is Professor Jones, that is Professor Smith, etc., and that is also what we know in knowing the names of the professors.
Web-based collaborative reading exercises for learners in remote locations: the effects of computer-mediated feedback and interaction via computer-mediated communication
Authors: Murphy Philip 
Published: June 2010

AbstractDespite the fact that the benefits of pair and group work for those espousing an interactionist view of second language learning are well documented (Lightbown & Spada, 1999; Long, 1981; Pica, 1994, 1996; Van Lier, 1996), learning environments exist in which students have no option but to study alone. Of particular interest for this research are learners who, despite studying in contexts supportive of collaborative interaction in the classroom, have little opportunity to interact with partners when trying to participate in collaborative reading comprehension exercises outside school. In an attempt to find a solution to this potentially inhibiting learning context, this research comprises an investigation into (a) whether the introduction of computer-mediated Elaborative feedback before Knowledge of Correct Response (KCR) feedback better promotes quality interaction and comprehension of a web-based reading text and (b) whether computer-mediated communication (CMC) offers a suitable means for generating quality interaction between peers in remote locations. While completing a web-based multiple-choice reading comprehension exercise, students worked in pairs and received either KCR feedback only, or Elaborative feedback before KCR feedback. In contrast to KCR feedback which simply comprises the correct answers, Elaborative feedback was produced in the form of hints to foster interaction and to support dyads in their attempts at self-correcting any incorrect answers. Using a multiple-try methodology, hints became increasingly specific for questions repeatedly answered incorrectly. Upon completing a follow-up comprehension exercise alone, all students were provided with KCR feedback only. Results from a quantitative analysis of the comprehension scores indicate that students who were provided with Elaborative feedback subsequently scored significantly higher on the follow-up exercise. Furthermore, results from a qualitative analysis of interactions suggest that CMC is a suitable way of generating quality interaction between students, particularly when Elaborative feedback is included.
Collaborative scaffolding in online task-based voice interactions between advanced learners
Authors: Kenning Marie-Madeleine 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis paper reports some of the findings of a distinctive innovative use of audio-conferencing involving a population (campus-based advanced learners) and a type of application (task-based language learning) that have received little attention to date: the use of Wimba Voice Tools to provide additional opportunities for spoken interactions between advanced learners of French. The experiment had a dual aim: (a) to examine the suitability of Wimba Voice Tools as an environment for sustained interactive talk, and (b) to study the nature of interactions between advanced learners, with particular reference to the processes supporting collaborative activity.After a brief summary of the rationale and main characteristics of the experiment, the paper focuses on the strategies used by three non-native speaker (NNS) dyads to resolve language problems as they worked on a set of four tasks. Extending the classical model of negotiation for meaning to cover other instances of language-related episodes identified through discourse analysis of the empirical data, the study offers a detailed account of the incidence and nature of negotiated interaction and collaboration between partners. This leads to a discussion covering the impact of functionalities, scaffolding and task effects. The paper ends with some suggestions for future research.
Rationalities of collaboration for language learning in a wiki
Authors: Bradley Linda , Lindström Berner , Rystedt Hans 
Published: June 2010

AbstractFor language learning, online environments allowing for user generated content are becoming increasingly important since they offer possibilities for learners to elaborate on assignments and projects. This study investigates what wikis can do as a means to enhance group interaction, when students are encouraged to participate in constructing text and exchanging peer response. The research focus is on exploring what interaction unfolds in the wiki and how it promotes language learning, from a sociocultural perspective. This interaction is framed both by affordances in the wiki but also by what is expected from students as language learners in an English for Specific Purposes class environment. The analysis has a multilevel approach, focusing on patterns of interaction and the nature of feedback. The study shows that collaboration becomes specifically interesting from a language learning perspective. In the findings, on the student wiki pages there are numerous contributions relating to both local language and global content. Revising co-constructed text opens up possibilities for the students to evaluate existing contributions and it also provides opportunities for them to suggest constructive changes. In addition, with the environment being web based, we discuss certain benefits arising from the fact that it allows for user-generated content.
Climate Reports Focus on Science, Reducing Impacts, and Adaptation
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: June 2010

In a one‐two‐three punch, the U.S. National Research Council (NRC) released three related reports on climate change at a 19 May briefing. The reports—focusing on advancing climate change science, limiting the magnitude of change, and adapting to change, respectively—are part of a congressionally requested five‐study project known as America's Climate Choices. Together they present evidence of climate change and a series of recommendations for limiting and adapting to any changes.Ralph Cicerone, president of the National Academy of Sciences and chair of its operating arm, NRC, said the reports indicate the state of climate change science is strong but that more information is needed, including about potential impacts. “We need a national goal, we need a national framework, and a sustained effort to do the research, to limit the impacts, and then to manage the impacts that do occur,” Cicerone, a former AGU president, told Eos.
Massive Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill an “Omnidirectional Threat”
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: June 2010

About a week before new U.S. government estimates indicated that the Gulf of Mexico oil spill is the largest in the nation's history, Coast Guard admiral Thad Allen told an 18 May U.S. Senate hearing that the federal government has addressed the situation with “an all‐hands‐on‐deck approach” since it began. However, the spill is “much more complicated” than any he has ever dealt with, said Allen, the national incident commander.“We are fighting an omnidirectional, almost indeterminate threat here,” Allen told the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. “We are trying to protect the entire Gulf Coast at the same time.”
Editor's Choice Offered as a Service
Authors: Richman Barbara T. 
Published: June 2010

Editor's Choice is now being offered as a service rather than on a subscription basis.As in the past, articles will be selected by collection editors with assistance from advisory panels. The selected articles will be listed on the AGU Web site (http://www.agu.org/pubs/journals/virtual/editors_choice/); these lists will be accessible to anyone. Those who are interested in reading the articles can access them through a personal or institutional subscription or can purchase them either individually or as part of a Multi‐Choice packet.
Active Atlantic Basin Hurricane Forecast Adds to Concerns About Gulf Oil Spill
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: June 2010

During the 6‐month Atlantic Basin hurricane season that began on 1 June, there could be between 14 and 23 named storms with top winds of at least 39 miles per hour (mph) in the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea, according to a forecast issued in late May by the Climate Prediction Center of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) National Weather Service. The forecast indicates that the named storms could include eight to 14 hurricanes with top winds of at least 74 mph and three to seven major hurricanes with top winds of at least 111 mph.In comparison, the seasonal average is 11 named storms, six hurricanes, and two major hurricanes. The busiest hurricane season on record was 2005, with 28 named storms, including hurricanes Katrina and Rita.
Great Debate on Climate Change Featured at EGU Meeting
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: June 2010

With portions of the public questioning or confused about some climate change reports, a recent “great debate” among four scientists focused on the extent of human impact on Earth's climate and the role of science and scientists in policy making, as well as how scientists can improve the quality and communication of their findings. The debate, organized like a roundtable, drew hundreds of people during the European Geosciences Union (EGU) General Assembly, in Vienna, Austria, on 4 May.Panelists largely agreed with climate change findings incorporated in the recent Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). However, some also emphasized large areas of uncertainty related to understanding the Earth system and sociological factors, the quality of models, and regional and local climate impacts.
Age validation in common octopus Octopus vulgaris using stylet increment analysis
Authors: Hermosilla Consuelo A. , Rocha Francisco , Fiorito Graziano , González Ángel F. , Guerra Ángel 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Hermosilla, C. A., Rocha, F., Fiorito, G., González, Á. F., and Guerra, Á. 2010. Age validation in common octopus Octopus vulgaris using stylet increment analysis. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1458–1463. Daily periodicity of growth increments in stylets was validated in wild-caught Octopus vulgaris maintained under controlled conditions. It was corroborated by staining the stylets either with oxytetracycline (OTC) or tetracycline (TC), and comparing the number of rings produced with the number of days elapsed. In all, 19 animals (10 males and 9 females; 680–1470 g body weight, BW) were injected with OTC in Vigo (mean 124 mg kg−1), and another six animals (1 male and 5 females; 248–570 g BW) with TC at Naples (mean 120 mg kg−1). The animals were successfully maintained in captivity until sacrificed for up to 6 (one animal), 9 (one animal), 18 (the six animals from Naples), and 21 (17 animals) days. The number of increments counted in transverse stylet sections was 18.9 ± 1.4 and 20.5 ± 1.5 for octopuses maintained for 18 and 21 d, respectively. The mean rate of increment formation was 1.02 increments per day, suggesting a periodicity of 1 increment per day in the stylet. Consequently, the results successfully validate daily increment deposition in O. vulgaris stylets in the size range analysed.
Physicochemical and Pharmaceutical Properties of Cross‐Linked Carboxymethyl Rice Starch Prepared by a Simultaneous Dual Reaction
Authors: Kittipongpatana Ornanong S. , Chaitep Waree , Kittipongpatana Nisit 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTCross‐linked carboxymethyl rice starches (CL‐CMRS) were prepared from reactions between a native Klong Luang 1 (KL1) rice starch and varied concentrations (2.5–15% w/w) of sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) in simultaneous carboxymethylation and cross‐linking reactions set up using methanol as a solvent. Physicochemical as well as pharmaceutical properties of CL‐CMRS were evaluated in relation to the amount of STMP used and the degree of cross‐linking (DCx). At a low DCx, the viscosity of CMRS solution was enhanced through the formation of cross‐linked polymeric network and chain entanglement. At higher concentrations in the preparation reaction, STMP caused proportional decreases in the water solubility and ≤70‐fold of the solution viscosity, but promoted swelling and water uptake of the modified starches. Rheological behavior of the nonsoluble but swellable CL‐CMRS was similar to that of commercial superdisintegrants sodium starch glycolate (SSG), and cross‐carmellose sodium (CCS). The swelling and water uptake of CL‐CMRS were 5–7 and 6–25 times higher, respectively, than that of the native starch. Disintegration test of tablets containing 1 and 3% w/w of native and modified rice starches showed that M‐KL1‐5 and M‐KL1‐10 could be developed as tablet disintegrants.
Albumin Significantly Affects Pasting and Textural Characteristics of Rice Flour
Authors: Baxter Graeme , Zhao Jian , Blanchard Christopher 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTThe influence of albumin on the pasting and rheological properties of rice flour was investigated. Albumin was removed from the flour of three rice cultivars (Amaroo, Opus, and Langi) by water extraction and the pasting profile of the albumin‐depleted flour was analyzed using the Rapid ViscoAnalyser (RVA). Removal of albumin resulted in a significant (P < 0.5) decline in all the pasting parameters measured. When the extracted albumin was added to pure rice starch, exactly opposite trends occurred. The concentration of albumin in rice starch had a positive linear relationship with all pasting parameters measured. When the gels formed after RVA analyses were analyzed using the TA‐TX2 texture analyzer, the concentration of albumin had a positive linear relationship with hardness, but a near linear negative relationship with adhesiveness. The presence of albumin in rice starch slowed the uptake of water by starch in the initial stages of cooking, but the water uptake accelerated in later stages, and the final water absorption was higher in the samples containing albumin than in pure starch. The water‐soluble nature of albumin suggests that protein‐water‐starch interactions could be responsible for its effect on the physical properties of rice.
Transforming growth factor beta 1 plays an important role in inducing CD4+CD25+forhead box P3+ regulatory T cells by mast cells
Authors: Zhang W , Wu K , He W , Gao Y , Huang W , Lin X , Cai L , Fang Z , Zhou Q , Luo Z , Chen Z K , Zhou H 
Published: June 2010

Summary
The role of mast cells (MCs) in the generation of adaptive immune responses especially in the transplant immune responses is far from being resolved. It is reported that mast cells are essential intermediaries in regulatory T cell (Treg) transplant tolerance, but the mechanism has not been clarified. To investigate whether bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) can induce Tregs by expressing transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) in vitro, bone marrow cells obtained from C57BL/6 (H-2b) mice were cultured with interleukin (IL)-3 (10 ng/ml) and stem cell factor (SCF) (10 ng/ml) for 4 weeks. The purity of BMMCs was measured by flow cytometry. The BMMCs were then co-cultured with C57BL/6 T cells at ratios of 1:2, 1:1 and 2:1. Anti-CD3, anti-CD28 and IL-2 were administered into the co-culture system with (experiment groups) or without (control groups) TGF-β1 neutralizing antibody. The percentages of CD4+CD25+forkhead box P3 (FoxP3)+ Tregs in the co-cultured system were analysed by flow cytometry on day 5. The Treg percentages were significantly higher in all the experiment groups compared to the control groups. These changes were deduced by applying TGF-β1 neutralizing antibody into the co-culture system. Our results indicated that the CD4+ T cells can be induced into CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T cells by BMMCs via TGF-β1.
Fine‐scale movements of the swordfish Xiphias gladius in the Southern California Bight
Authors: SEPULVEDA CHUGEY A. , KNIGHT ASHLEY , NASBY‐LUCAS NICOLE , DOMEIER MICHAEL L. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis study reports on the fine‐scale movements of swordfish (Xiphias gladius) outfitted with pop‐off satellite archival transmitters (PSATs) in the Southern California Bight (SCB). PSATs were deployed on basking swordfish using traditional harpoon methods from 2004 to 2006. Transmitters were programmed for short‐term deployment (2–90 days) and re‐acquired using a signal direction finder. High‐resolution (min−1) depth and temperature data from nine swordfish (approximately 45–120 kg) were collected (>193 days). All swordfish displayed diurnal vertical movements similar to those reported for other geographic locations. The dominant diurnal movement pattern entailed swordfish remaining below the thermocline (>68 ± 15 m) during the day and near the surface, within the upper‐mixed layer, at night. Collectively, the average daytime depth (±SE) was 273 ± 11 m and the average night depth 31 ± 5 m. Three distinct vertical behaviors were recorded: 35% of the records following a strict diurnal pattern, with the entire day below the thermocline and the entire night near the surface; 52% of the records revealed routine surface‐basking events during the day, with an otherwise similar distribution at night; and 13% of the records exhibited surface‐oriented activity during the day and night. Surface basking (<3 m during the day) was recorded for eight individuals and occurred on 131 of the 193 days (68% of the dataset). Collectively, surface basking accounted for 8% of the total daytime records. The relevance of these vertical behaviors to SCB fisheries is discussed.