bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NOTES FROM A COLLABORATION: COCTEAU AND STRAVINSKY'S
OEDIPUS REX
Authors: Connon Derek 
Published: December 2010

Abstract

In 1925 Cocteau received a request from Stravinsky to write a libretto for a work based on Sophocles'
Oedipus Rex
. After going through various revisions, Cocteau's libretto was eventually translated into Latin before Stravinsky set it to music, with only a series of narrations for the character of the Speaker remaining in French. Various aspects of the performance history of the work contribute to a sense of Cocteau's progressive elision from it. Then, in his
Dialogues
(1963), Stravinsky made a number of criticisms of the text of the narrations, although it is significant that it is often the translation by E. E. Cummings that he quotes. The accuracy of, and justification for, these criticisms is examined, along with the reasons that might have led Stravinsky to make them.
THE PARATEXT TO CHRÉTIEN DE TROYES'S
CLIGÉS
: A REAPPRAISAL OF THE QUESTION OF AUTHORSHIP AND READERSHIP IN THE PROLOGUE
Authors: Reis Levilson C. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract

Starting with the premise that medieval manuscripts exhibit paratextual vestiges of their
auctores
, redactors, copyists, and readers, this article re-examines the question of authorship and readership in Chrétien de Troyes's prologue to
Cligés
(
c
. 1176–80) through the lens of paratextual references to the implied author's signature, allusions to possible titles of his previous works, marginal annotations of interpretative readings, and cases of significant manuscript variance. Firmly grounded in the manuscript, editorial, and critical tradition of
Cligés
, this reading re-evaluates the tripartite thematic structure of the prologue, hypothesizing the paratextual effect that the opening list of literary titles, the suspenseful presentation of the hero, and the authoritative claim for the location of
chevalerie
(chivalry) and
clergie
(culture) in France might have had on medieval audiences and may have on modern readers. Exploring the significantly different versions in which two families of manuscripts transmit the same ideas, this reading finally shows how the prologue equivocates and subverts any one definite interpretation and engenders a sense of irony and alterity that captivates the reader and opens the threshold to new interpretations.
FRAMING EXCLUSION: THE POLITICS OF SPACE IN LAURENT CANTET'S
ENTRE LES MURS
Authors: Williams James S. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract

This article examines the spatial representation of cultural
mixité
in the latest film by Laurent Cantet. It takes the form of a close reading of
Entre les murs
(2008), which, while illustrating well the failings of French education and specifically its republican ideals of assimilation, appears also to endorse the benign authoritarianism of the one teacher featured and to frame the pupils themselves as the source of the problem. Taking into account Bourdieu's argument that the French education system always serves to reproduce social inequality and hierarchization, I propose that Cantet's concrete staging of the educational process has, in fact, a precise political aim: to reconfigure republican space by constructing a new spatial dynamics capable of freeing both cinematic space from its ideological frame and individual movement from symbolic violence. Through analysis of Cantet's complex framing strategies in three key sequences, I argue that the film renders powerfully present those who are habitually cast to the margins or excluded. By reconceiving the cinematic frame as a mobile and receptive vehicle for embracing the language of
mixité
,
Entre les murs
reveals itself ultimately as a constructive work of social mourning that reformulates in clear ethical terms the current dilemma of
intégration
versus
communautarisme
.
The Role of Two F-Box Proteins, SLEEPY1 and SNEEZY, in Arabidopsis Gibberellin Signaling
Authors: Ariizumi Tohru , Lawrence Paulraj K. , Steber Camille M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe SLEEPY1 (SLY1) F-box gene is a positive regulator of gibberellin (GA) signaling in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Loss of SLY1 results in GA-insensitive phenotypes including dwarfism, reduced fertility, delayed flowering, and increased seed dormancy. These sly1 phenotypes are partially rescued by overexpression of the SLY1 homolog SNEEZY (SNE)/SLY2, suggesting that SNE can functionally replace SLY1. GA responses are repressed by DELLA family proteins. GA relieves DELLA repression when the SCFSLY1 (for Skp1, Cullin, F-box) E3 ubiquitin ligase ubiquitinates DELLA protein, thereby targeting it for proteolysis. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments using constitutively expressed 35S:hemagglutinin (HA)-SLY1 and 35S:HA-SNE translational fusions in the sly1-10 background suggest that SNE can function similarly to SLY1 in GA signaling. Like HA-SLY1, HA-SNE interacted with the CULLIN1 subunit of the SCF complex, and this interaction required the F-box domain. Like HA-SLY1, HA-SNE coimmunoprecipitated with the DELLA REPRESSOR OF GA1-3 (RGA), and this interaction required the SLY1 or SNE carboxyl-terminal domain. Whereas HA-SLY1 overexpression resulted in a decrease in both DELLA RGA and RGA-LIKE2 (RGL2) protein levels, HA-SNE caused a decrease in DELLA RGA but not in RGL2 levels. This suggests that one reason HA-SLY1 is able to effect a stronger rescue of sly1-10 phenotypes than HA-SNE is because SLY1 regulates a broader spectrum of DELLA proteins. The FLAG-SLY1 fusion protein was found to coimmunoprecipitate with the GA receptor HA-GA-INSENSITIVE DWARF1b (GID1b), supporting the model that SLY1 regulates DELLA through interaction with the DELLA-GA-GID1 complex.
Deposition of complement C3c, immunoglobulin (Ig)G4 and IgG at the basement membrane of pancreatic ducts and acini in autoimmune pancreatitis
Authors: Detlefsen Sönke , Bräsen Jan Hinrich , Zamboni Giuseppe , Capelli Paola , Klöppel Günter 
Published: December 2010

Detlefsen S, Bräsen J H, Zamboni G, Capelli P & Klöppel G (2010) Histopathology57, 825–835 Deposition of complement C3c, immunoglobulin (Ig)G4 and IgG at the basement membrane of pancreatic ducts and acini in autoimmune pancreatitis Aims:  Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a type of pancreatitis whose immunopathogenesis is still unknown. It has been reported that renal biopsy specimens from patients diagnosed with both AIP and tubulointerstitial nephritis reveal deposits containing complement C3, immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgG4 at the tubular basement membranes (BMs). The aim was to investigate the deposition of complement and immunoglobulins in pancreatic tissue from AIP patients compared to non‐AIP patients.Methods:  Double immunofluorescence microscopy for C3c, IgG4 and IgG together with CK7, trypsin, collagen IV, CD31 and CD79a, as well as immunofluorescence microscopy for C1q, IgA and IgM, were performed on frozen pancreatic tissue from AIP and alcoholic chronic pancreatitis (ACP) patients.Results:  In AIP patients, complement C3c, IgG4 and IgG were deposited at the collagen IV‐positive BMs of pancreatic and bile ducts and of acini. In a minority of the ACP patients, weak C3c‐positive BM deposits were detected, but no IgG4‐ or IgG‐positive BM deposits were present.Conclusion:  The deposition of C3c, IgG4 and IgG at the BM of small‐ and medium‐sized ducts and acini of the pancreas is characteristic of AIP. This suggests that immune complex‐mediated destruction of ducts and acini play a role in the pathogenesis of AIP.
Therapeutic potential of CAMPATH‐1H in skeletal tumours
Authors: Fritsche‐Guenther Raphaela , Gruetzkau Andreas , Noske Aurelia , Melcher Ingo , Schaser Klaus‐Dieter , Schlag Peter M , Kasper Hans‐Udo , Krenn Veit , Sers Christine 
Published: December 2010

Fritsche‐Guenther R, Gruetzkau A, Noske A, Melcher I, Schaser K‐D, Schlag P M, Kasper H‐U, Krenn V & Sers C (2010) Histopathology57, 851–861 Therapeutic potential of CAMPATH‐1H in skeletal tumours Aims:  CD 52 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)‐anchored glycoprotein that is expressed abundantly on all lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, eosinophils and in the male genital tract. To date, the physiological role of CD52 on lymphocytes has not been elucidated. However, an antibody directed to CD52 called CAMPATH‐1H has been shown to be capable of depleting lymphocytes. The aim of this study was to analyse tissue and cell lines of non‐neoplastic bone, cartilage and skeletal tumours for CD52 expression.Methods and results:  The expression of CD52 mRNA and protein both in vivo and in vitro was detected. Malignant tumours showed higher CD52 expression compared to benign tumours, suggesting a role in the development and progression of bone tumours. Interestingly, immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry revealed that CD52 was expressed not only on the surface of tumour cells, but also in the cytoplasm. The results obtained in osteosarcoma cells showed that CAMPATH‐1H leads to a complement‐independent reduction of viable cells.Conclusion:  CD52 is expressed in a variety of bone tumours and the in vitro studies presented herein suggest that CAMPATH‐1H treatment might have therapeutic potential for osteosarcoma patients.
Ribonucleotide reductase M2 subunit is a novel diagnostic marker and a potential therapeutic target in bladder cancer
Authors: Morikawa Teppei , Maeda Daichi , Kume Haruki , Homma Yukio , Fukayama Masashi 
Published: December 2010

Morikawa T, Maeda D, Kume H, Homma Y & Fukayama M (2010) Histopathology57, 885–892 Ribonucleotide reductase M2 subunit is a novel diagnostic marker and a potential therapeutic target in bladder cancer Aims:  To examine the immunohistochemical expression and function of ribonucleotide reductase M2 subunit (RRM2), a gemcitabine‐related molecule, in bladder cancer.Methods and results:  One hundred and seventeen bladder specimens on a tissue microarray were immunostained for RRM2. Positive RRM2 staining was observed in none of 14 examples of non‐neoplastic urothelium, none of four low‐grade urothelial carcinoma (UC), 69 of 83 (83%) high‐grade UC, three of three (100%) squamous cell carcinoma and 12 of 13 (92%) lymph node metastasis of UC. RRM2 overexpression was associated significantly with muscularis propria invasion in UC patients who had undergone radical cystectomy (P = 0.005). Immunohistochemistry for RRM2 was then applied to small biopsy specimens of 15 cystitis with reactive atypia cases and 25 urothelial carcinoma in‐situ (CIS) cases. Positive RRM2 staining was found in one of 15 (6.7%) cystitis with reactive atypia cases and in 24 of 25 (96%) CIS cases. Finally, UM‐UC‐3 bladder cancer cells were transfected with RRM2 siRNAs and cell growth was evaluated. Knockdown of RRM2 protein markedly inhibited cell growth.Conclusions:  We have shown frequent overexpression of RRM2 protein and its possible role in bladder cancer. Our results suggest that RRM2 is a novel diagnostic marker and a potential therapeutic target in bladder cancer.
Modelling the future distribution of the amphibian chytrid fungus: the influence of climate and human‐associated factors
Authors: Rohr Jason R. , Halstead Neal T. , Raffel Thomas R. 
Published: December 2010

Summary1. Many of the global losses of amphibians are believed to be caused by the chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). Hence, determining its present and future environmental suitability should help to inform management and surveillance of this pathogen and curtail the amphibian biodiversity crisis.2. In this issue of Journal of Applied Ecology, Murray et al. (2010) offer an important step in this direction by providing a species distribution model that projects the environmental suitability of Bd across Australia and predicts locations of chytridiomycosis and amphibian declines. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis presence was predicted by diurnal temperature range (a measure of temperature variability) and mean precipitation. Human population density, a positive predictor of Bd, accounted for the most variation when removed from the statistical model.3. This work represents an invaluable case study and has great potential for managing chytridiomycosis and associated amphibian declines, but its value in practice will depend on how well managers understand the limitations of species distribution models.4.
Synthesis and applications. To improve the management of chytridiomycosis, amphibian‐chytrid research should attempt to understand how humans may affect the distribution of Bd, how climatic means and variances affect Bd transmission, how much variation in the distribution of Bd is unique to and shared among climate, human, and other factors, whether human‐related factors and climate statistically interact, and how these potentially correlated factors and any interactions affect the predictability of species distribution models. In response to the swift spread of Bd and our rapidly changing planet, we encourage the application of Bd distribution models to other regions of the globe and predictions of Bd’s distribution under future climate change scenarios.
Characteristics of patients referred by police to a psychiatric hospital
Authors: MAHARAJ R. , GILLIES D. , ANDREW S. , O'BRIEN L. 
Published: December 2010

Accessible summary

Patient referrals to a psychiatric facility may be from a variety of sources including medical practitioners, health professionals and family members. When responding to a situation where a person displays aggressive or disruptive behaviour, police have to decide if the person should be taken to a psychiatric facility for care. There is little known about how police referrals differ from referrals from other sources.
This paper reports on an audit of files for patients admitted to a psychiatric hospital. A total of 101 files for patients referred by the police and admitted over a 6‐month period and 99 files of those referred from other sources and admitted were examined.
Patients referred by police and admitted to the hospital differed to those admitted by other sources. Police referrals were more likely to be aggressive, have drug and alcohol problems and to require admission to the psychiatric intensive care unit.

AbstractTo identify any differences between patients referred by police compared with patients referred from other sources, to a psychiatric hospital in Australia, a retrospective audit of 200 patient files was undertaken. The two most common reasons for the involuntary referral of patients by police were bizarre ideas (33%) and threats of suicide (28%). When 101 patients referred by police were compared with 99 patients from other sources, police referrals were three times more likely to be diagnosed with a mental and behavioural disorder because of psychoactive substance use, less likely to be diagnosed with a mood disorder, and less likely to be diagnosed as psychotic. Police referrals were more likely to have worse functional scores; exhibit aggressive behaviour; spend fewer days in hospital; more likely to be admitted to the psychiatric intensive care unit, and to be secluded. The most important predictor for a police referral was drug or alcohol problems. The study indicates that patients referred by the police were more likely to demonstrate particular characteristics compared with patients referred by other sources.
Insertional mutagenesis combined with an inducible filamentation phenotype reveals a conserved STE50 homologue in Cryptococcus neoformans that is required for monokaryotic fruiting and sexual reproduction
Authors: Fu J. , Mares C. , Lizcano A. , Liu Y. , Wickes B. L. 
Published: December 2010

Summary Cryptococcus neoformans typically grows in a yeast‐like morphology; however, under specific conditions the fungus can produce hyphae that are either dikaryotic or monokaryotic. In this study, we developed a simple method for inducing robust monokaryotic fruiting and combined the assay with Agrobacterium tumefaciens insertional mutagenesis to screen for hyphal mutants. A C. neoformans homologue of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae STE50 gene was identified and characterized. STE50 was found to be required for sexual reproduction and monokaryotic fruiting. Ste50p has conserved SAM and RA domains, as well as two SH3 domains specific to basidiomycetous Ste50 proteins. Analysis of protein–protein interaction showed that Ste50p can interact with Ste11p and Ste20p, and epistasis experiments placed STE50 between STE20 and STE11. Genetic analysis of the role of STE50 in sexual reproduction showed that it was required for all steps, from response to pheromone to production of hyphae. Analysis of the effect of individual Ste50p domains on sexual reproduction and monokaryotic fruiting revealed domain‐specific effects for both processes. This study revealed that the C. neoformans STE50 gene has both conserved and novel functions during sexual reproduction and monokaryotic fruiting, and these functions are domain‐dependent.
The zinc cluster transcription factor Ahr1p directs Mcm1p regulation of Candida albicans adhesion
Authors: Askew Christopher , Sellam Adnane , Epp Elias , Mallick Jaideep , Hogues Hervé , Mullick Alaka , Nantel André , Whiteway Malcolm 
Published: December 2010

SummaryBiofilm development by Candida albicans requires cell adhesion for the initial establishment of the biofilm and the continued stability after hyphal development occurs; however, the regulation of the process has not been fully established. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled to microarray analysis (ChIP‐chip) we have characterized a regulon containing the Mcm1p factor that is required for the initial surface adhesion during biofilm formation. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae several Mcm1p regulons have been characterized in which regulatory specificity is achieved through cofactors binding a sequence adjacent to the Mcm1p binding site. This new Mcm1p regulon in C. albicans also requires a cofactor, which we identify as the transcription factor Ahr1p. However, in contrast to the other yeast regulons, Ahr1p alone binds the target promoters, which include several key adhesion genes, and recruits Mcm1p to these sites. Through transcription profiling and qPCR analysis, we demonstrate that this Ahr1p–Mcm1p complex directly activates these adhesion genes. When the regulatory circuit was disrupted by deleting AHR1, the strain displayed reduced adherence to a polystyrene surface. We also demonstrate a role for the regulon in hyphal growth and in virulence. Our work thus establishes a new mechanism of Mcm1p‐directed regulation distinct from those observed for other Mcm1p co‐regulators.
Giardia lamblia low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein is involved in selective lipoprotein endocytosis and parasite replication
Authors: Rivero Maria R. , Miras Silvana L. , Quiroga Rodrigo , Rópolo Andrea S. , Touz Maria C. 
Published: December 2010

SummaryAs Giardia lamblia is unable to synthesize cholesterol de novo, this steroid might be obtained from the host's intestinal milieu by endocytosis of lipoproteins. In this work, we identified a putative Giardia lamblia low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related proteins (GlLRP), a type I membrane protein, which shares the substrate N‐terminal binding domain and a FXNPXY‐type endocytic motif with human LRPs. Expression of tagged GlLRP showed that it was localized predominantly in the endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomal‐like peripheral vacuoles and plasma membrane. However, the FXNPXY‐deleted GlLRP was retained at the plasma membrane suggesting that it is abnormally transported and processed. The low‐density lipoprotein and chylomicrons interacted with GlLRP, with this interaction being necessary for lipoprotein internalization and cell proliferation. Finally, we show that GlLRP binds directly to the medium subunit of Giardia adaptor protein 2, indicating that receptor‐mediated internalization occurs through an adaptin mechanism.
Microglial alterations in human Alzheimer's disease following Aβ42 immunization
Authors: Zotova E. , Holmes C. , Johnston D. , Neal J. W. , Nicoll J. A. R. , Boche D. 
Published: December 2010

E. Zotova, C. Holmes, D. Johnston, J. W. Neal, J. A. R. Nicoll and D. Boche (2011) Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology37, 513–524 Microglial alterations in human Alzheimer's disease following Aβ42 immunization Aims: In Alzheimer's disease (AD), microglial activation prompted by the presence of amyloid has been proposed as an important contributor to the neurodegenerative process. Conversely following Aβ immunization, phagocytic microglia have been implicated in plaque removal, potentially a beneficial effect. We have investigated the effects of Aβ42 immunization on microglial activation and the relationship with Aβ42 load in human AD. Methods: Immunostaining against Aβ42 and microglia (CD68 and HLA‐DR) was performed in nine immunized AD cases (iAD – AN1792, Elan Pharmaceuticals) and eight unimmunized AD (cAD) cases. Results: Although the Aβ42 load (% area stained of total area examined) was lower in the iAD than the cAD cases (P = 0.036), the CD68 load was higher (P = 0.046). In addition, in the iAD group, the CD68 level correlated with the Aβ42 load, consistent with the immunization upregulating microglial phagocytosis when plaques are present. However, in two long‐surviving iAD patients in whom plaques had been extensively cleared, the CD68 load was less than in controls. HLA‐DR quantification did not show significant difference implying that the microglial activation may have related specifically to their phagocytic function. CD68 and HLA‐DR loads in the pons were similar in both groups, suggesting that the differences in microglial activation in the cortex were due to the presence of AD pathology. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that Aβ42 immunization modifies the function of microglia by increasing their phagocytic activity and when plaques have been cleared, the level of phagocytosis is decreased below that seen in unimmunized AD.
Barrett's esophagus
Authors: Phillips Wayne A , Lord Reginald V , Nancarrow Derek J , Watson David I , Whiteman David C 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBarrett's esophagus is an acquired metaplastic abnormality in which the normal stratified squamous epithelium lining of the esophagus is replaced by an intestinal‐like columnar epithelium. While in itself a benign and asymptomatic disorder, the clinical importance of this relatively common condition relates to its role as a precursor lesion to esophageal adenocarcinoma, the incidence of which has dramatically increased in Western populations in recent years. Although known to arise as a consequence of chronic gastroesophageal reflux, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying development Barrett's esophagus and its progression to cancer remain unclear.
Ca2+ conduction by plant cyclic nucleotide gated channels and associated signaling components in pathogen defense signal transduction cascades
Authors: Ma Wei , Berkowitz Gerald A. 
Published: December 2010

SummaryCa2+ elevation in the cytosol is an essential early event during pathogen response signaling cascades. However, the specific ion channels involved in Ca2+ influx into plant cells, and how Ca2+ signals are initiated and regulate downstream events during pathogen defense responses, are at present unclear. Plant cyclic nucleotide gated ion channels (CNGCs) provide a pathway for Ca2+ conductance across the plasma membrane (PM) and facilitate cytosolic Ca2+ elevation in response to pathogen signals. Recent studies indicate that the recognition of pathogens results in cyclic nucleotide production and the activation of CNGCs, which leads to downstream generation of pivotal signaling molecules (such as nitric oxide (NO)). Calmodulins (CaMs) and CaM‐like proteins (CMLs) are also involved in this signaling, functioning as Ca2+ sensors and mediating the synthesis of NO during the plant pathogen response signaling cascade. In this article, these and other pivotal signaling components downstream from the Ca2+ signal, such as Ca2+‐dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) and CaM‐binding transcription activators (CAMTAs), are discussed in terms of their involvement in the pathogen response signal transduction cascade.