bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Isoxazole Analogues of Curcuminoids with Highly Potent Multidrug‐Resistant Antimicrobacterial Activity.
Authors: Changtam Chatchawan , Hongmanee Poonpilas , Suksamrarn Apichart 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe natural curcuminoids (I), obtained from the medical plant Curcuma longa L., are structurally modified by alkylation, dealkylation, heterocyclization as well as reduction/oxidation reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Spin Dynamics and Manipulation in GaMnAs Alloys
Authors: Liu X. , Zhou Y. Y. , Harley E. , McNeil L. E. , Wang J. , Qi J. , Xu Y. , Steigerwald A. , Tolk N. , Zahn J. P. , et al. et al. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractReview: 70 refs.
Rapid hepatic clearance of 99mTc‐TMEOP: a new candidate for myocardial perfusion imaging
Authors: Goethals Lode R. , Santos Isabel , Caveliers Vicky , Paulo Antonio , De Geeter Frank , Lurdes Patrício G. , Fernandes Célia , Lahoutte Tony 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackground99mTc labeled radiotracers used in clinical practice lack the perfect characteristics for myocardial perfusion imaging. In particular, the high liver uptake can interfere in the interpretation of the inferior myocardial wall. Within the tricarbonyl approach, we used tris(pyrazolyl)methane 99mTc organometallic complexes as a lead structure. Herein we present the production, in vivo and in vitro metabolic studies in rats and the first in vivo biodistribution in rats for tri‐methoxy‐tris‐pyrazolyl‐99mTc‐(CO)3 (99mTc‐TMEOP), compared with 99mTc‐sestamibi and 99mTc‐tetrofosmin.MethodsThe chemical identity of 99mTc‐TMEOP was characterized by RP‐HPLC. The octanol–water partition coefficient was determined under physiological conditions. In vitro stability and protein binding were determined using RP‐HPLC. In vivo stability was determined in blood, heart, liver and kidney homogenates, intestine and urine using RP‐HPLC. In vivo biodistribution was determined using dynamic planar acquisitions. Pinhole gated SPECT images were performed in other animals. Cardiac, liver and lung uptake were expressed as differential uptake ratios by drawing regions of interest in the organs of interest and around the total body. Heart–liver and heart–lung ratios were derived. Cardiac uptake was also expressed as percentage of injected activity. SPECT images were processed to determine the heart–liver ratio on SPECT images, to compare functional parameters between different tracers and to visualize homogeneous intracardiac tracer distribution.Results99mTc‐TMEOP is a moderately lipophilic cation, is stable and does not undergo any transformation in vitro. 99mTc‐TMEOP also shows a high in vivo stability. In vivo imaging shows liver kinetics faster than those of 99mTc‐sestamibi and 99mTc‐tetrofosmin. Cardiac uptake and functional analysis of pinhole gated SPECT data are comparable to those of 99mTc‐sestamibi and 99mTc‐tetrofosmin.ConclusionAlthough 99mTc‐TMEOP shows a cardiac uptake between those of 99mTc‐sestamibi and 99mTc‐tetrofosmin, a better heart–liver ratio is obtained due to the faster liver washout. These results suggest possible faster cardiac perfusion imaging using 99mTc‐TMEOP without liver activity interference. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A phase 2 trial of gemcitabine, 5‐fluorouracil, and radiation therapy in locally advanced nonmetastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Mamon Harvey J. , Niedzwiecki Donna , Hollis Donna , Tan Benjamin R. , Mayer Robert J. , Tepper Joel E. , Goldberg Richard M. , Blackstock A. William , Fuchs Charles S. ,   for the Cancer and Leukemia Group B
Published: December 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of 5‐fluorouracil (5FU) and gemcitabine administered concurrently with radiation in patients with locally advanced, nonmetastatic pancreatic cancer.METHODS:Eligible patients had histologically confirmed pancreatic adenocarcinoma deemed locally unresectable without evidence of metastatic disease. In addition, all patients underwent laparoscopy or laparotomy before study entry to rule out peritoneal carcinomatosis. Patients received radiation therapy (50.4 Gy) with concurrent infusional 5FU (200 mg/m2 5 days/week) and weekly gemcitabine (200 mg/m2). After a 3‐week break, patients received weekly gemcitabine at 1000 mg/m2 for 3 of 4 weeks, for 4 cycles. The primary endpoint of the trial was the proportion of patients surviving 9 months from study entry. Secondary endpoints included objective tumor response, CA19‐9 response, overall survival (OS) time to progression (TTP), and toxicity.RESULTS:Between November 2001 and October 2004, 81 patients were enrolled, 78 of whom were eligible for analysis. With a median follow‐up of 55.2 months, the median OS was 12.2 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 10.9‐14.9) and the median TTP was 10 months (95% CI, 6.4‐12.0). An objective tumor response was seen in 19 patients (25%), and among 56 patients with an elevated CA19‐9 at baseline, 29 (52%) had a sustained CA19‐9 response. Overall, 41% of patients had grade 3 or greater treatment‐related gastrointestinal adverse events.CONCLUSIONS:The combination of 5FU, gemcitabine, and radiation is well tolerated. Survival is comparable with the best results of other recent studies of 5FU and radiation or gemcitabine and radiation. Cancer 2011;. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Cocaine‐ and amphetamine‐regulated transcript peptide (CART) in the telencephalon of the catfish, Clarias gariepinus: Distribution and response to fasting, 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose, glucose, insulin, and leptin treatments
Authors: Subhedar Nishikant , Barsagade Vikas G. , Singru Praful S. , Thim Lars , Clausen Jes Thorn 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe cocaine‐ and amphetamine‐regulated transcript peptide (CART)‐containing system in the forebrain of Clarias gariepinus was studied with immunocytochemistry. While the immunoreactivity was prominently seen in the neurons of the entopeduncular nucleus (EN) located in the ventral telencephalon, CART‐immunoreactive fibers were widely distributed in the dorsal and ventral telencephalon. In view of the established role of CART in energy metabolism, we investigated the response of the CART immunoreactive system to positive and negative nutritional conditions. Neurons of the EN and fibers in the different areas of the telencephalon showed significant reduction in CART immunoreactivity following 48 hours food deprivation, or 2 hours following intracranial administration of 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose (2DG, 100 ng/g body weight, a metabolic antagonist of glucose). However, intracranial injection of glucose (100 ng/g body weight) resulted in a distinct increase in CART immunoreactivity in these components. In mammals, insulin and leptin have been recognized as adiposity agents that convey peripheral energy status‐related information to brain. Intracranial administration of insulin (3 mU/fish) and leptin (10 ng/g body weight) significantly increased CART immunoreactivity in the EN neurons and in the fiber network within 2 hours. Superfusion of the EN‐containing tissue fragments in the medium enriched in glucose, insulin, or leptin evoked a significant increase in CART immunoreactivity in the EN neurons, but 2DG reduced the immunoreactivity. We suggest that CART‐containing neurons of the EN, and fibers in the telencephalon, may process the energy status‐related information and contribute to satiety. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:1281–1300, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Forebrain origins of glutamatergic innervation to the rat paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus: Differential inputs to the anterior versus posterior subregions
Authors: Ulrich‐Lai Yvonne M. , Jones Kenneth R. , Ziegler Dana R. , Cullinan William E. , Herman James P. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) regulates numerous homeostatic systems and functions largely under the influence of forebrain inputs. Glutamate is a major neurotransmitter in forebrain, and glutamate neurosignaling in the PVN is known to mediate many of its functions. Previous work showed that vesicular glutamate transporters (VGluTs; specific markers for glutamatergic neurons) are expressed in forebrain sites that project to the PVN; however, the extent of this presumed glutamatergic innervation to the PVN is not clear. In the present study retrograde FluoroGold (FG) labeling of PVN‐projecting neurons was combined with in situ hybridization for VGluT1 and VGluT2 mRNAs to identify forebrain regions that provide glutamatergic innervation to the PVN and its immediate surround in rats, with special consideration for the sources to the anterior versus posterior PVN. VGluT1 mRNA colocalization with retrogradely labeled FG neurons was sparse. VGluT2 mRNA colocalization with FG neurons was most abundant in the ventromedial hypothalamus after anterior PVN FG injections, and in the lateral, posterior, dorsomedial, and ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei after posterior PVN injections. Anterograde tract tracing combined with VGluT2 immunolabeling showed that 1) ventromedial nucleus‐derived glutamatergic inputs occur in both the anterior and posterior PVN; 2) posterior nucleus‐derived glutamatergic inputs occur predominantly in the posterior PVN; and 3) medial preoptic nucleus‐derived inputs to the PVN are not glutamatergic, thereby corroborating the innervation pattern seen with retrograde tracing. The results suggest that PVN subregions are influenced by varying amounts and sources of forebrain glutamatergic regulation, consistent with functional differentiation of glutamate projections. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:1301–1319, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Conditional knockout of protein O‐mannosyltransferase 2 reveals tissue‐specific roles of O‐mannosyl glycosylation in brain development
Authors: Hu Huaiyu , Li Jing , Gagen Christine S. , Gray Noel W. , Zhang Zhen , Qi Yue , Zhang Peng 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe meninges produce essential signaling molecules and major protein components of the pial basement membrane during normal brain development. Disruptions in the pial basement membrane underlie neural ectopia seen in those congenital muscular dystrophies (CMDs) caused by mutations in genes involved in O‐mannosyl glycosylation. In mammals, biosynthesis of O‐mannosyl glycans is initiated by a complex of mutually indispensable protein O‐mannosyltransferases 1 and 2 (POMT1 and 2). To study the roles of O‐mannosylation in brain development we generated a conditional allele of POMT2. POMT2 nulllizygosity resulted in embryonic lethality because of a defective Reichert's membrane. Brain‐specific deletion of POMT2 resulted in hypoglycosylation of α‐dystroglycan (DG) and abolished laminin binding activity. The effect of POMT2 deletion on brain development was dependent on timing, as earlier deletion resulted in more severe phenotypes. Multiple brain malformations including overmigration of neocortical neurons and migration failure of granule cells in the cerebellum were observed. Immunofluorescence staining and transmission electron microscopy revealed that these migration defects were closely associated with disruptions in the pial basement membrane. Interestingly, POMT2 deletion in the meninges (and blood vessels) did not disrupt the development of the neocortex. Thus, normal brain development requires protein O‐mannosylation activity in neural tissue but not the meninges. These results suggest that gene therapy should be directed to the neural tissue instead of the meninges. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:1320–1337, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Edinger‐Westphal nucleus: A historical, structural, and functional perspective on a dichotomous terminology
Authors: Kozicz Tamás , Bittencourt Jackson C. , May Paul J. , Reiner Anton , Gamlin Paul D.R. , Palkovits Miklós , Horn Anja K.E. , Toledo Claudio A.B. , Ryabinin Andrey E. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe eponymous term nucleus of Edinger‐Westphal (EW) has come to be used to describe two juxtaposed and somewhat intermingled cell groups of the midbrain that differ dramatically in their connectivity and neurochemistry. On one hand, the classically defined EW is the part of the oculomotor complex that is the source of the parasympathetic preganglionic motoneuron input to the ciliary ganglion (CG), through which it controls pupil constriction and lens accommodation. On the other hand, EW is applied to a population of centrally projecting neurons involved in sympathetic, consumptive, and stress‐related functions. This terminology problem arose because the name EW has historically been applied to the most prominent cell collection above or between the somatic oculomotor nuclei (III), an assumption based on the known location of the preganglionic motoneurons in monkeys. However, in many mammals, the nucleus designated as EW is not made up of cholinergic, preganglionic motoneurons supplying the CG and instead contains neurons using peptides, such as urocortin 1, with diverse central projections. As a result, the literature has become increasingly confusing. To resolve this problem, we suggest that the term EW be supplemented with terminology based on connectivity. Specifically, we recommend that 1) the cholinergic, preganglionic neurons supplying the CG be termed the Edinger‐Westphal preganglionic (EWpg) population and 2) the centrally projecting, peptidergic neurons be termed the Edinger‐Westphal centrally projecting (EWcp) population. The history of this nomenclature problem and the rationale for our solutions are discussed in this review. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:1413–1434, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anatomical and sensory experiential determinants of synaptic plasticity in layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons of mouse barrel cortex
Authors: Hardingham Neil R. , Gould Tim , Fox Kevin 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA minority of layer 2/3 (L2/3) pyramidal neurons exhibit spike‐timing‐dependent long‐term potentiation (LTP) in normally reared adolescent mice. To determine whether particular subtypes of L2/3 neurons have a greater capacity for LTP than others, we correlated the morphological and electrophysiological properties of L2/3 neurons with their ability to undergo LTP by using a spike‐timing‐dependent protocol applied via layer 4 inputs from the neighboring barrel column. No correlation was found between the incidence of LTP and the cell's electrophysiological properties, nor with their laminar or columnar location. However, in cortex of normal, undeprived mice, neurons that exhibited LTP had dendrites that extended farther horizontally than those that showed no plasticity, and this horizontal spread was due to off‐axis apical dendrites. From a sample of reconstructed neurons, two‐thirds of neurons' dendritic arborizations reached into at least one adjacent barrel column. We also tested whether this relationship persisted following a short period of whisker deprivation. The probability of inducing LTP increased from 33% in cortex of undeprived mice to 53% following 7 days of whisker deprivation, and the incidence of LTD with the same protocol decreased from 49% to 9%. In deprived cortex, neurons exhibiting LTP did not extend any farther horizontally than those that showed no plasticity. Whisker deprivation did not affect horizontal spread of dendrites nor dendritic structure in general but did produced an increase in spine density, both on basal and on apical dendrites, suggesting a possible substrate for the increased levels of LTP observed in deprived cortex. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:2090–2124, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Systems biology reveals biology of systems
Authors: Bertolaso Marta , Giuliani Alessandro , De Gara Laura 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn the last decades, genomic and postgenomic technologies obtained a great amount of information on molecular bases of cell physiology and organization. In spite of this, the knowledge of cells and living organisms in their entirety, is far from being achieved. In order to deal with biological complexity, Systems Biology uses a new approach to overcome this inadequacy. Despite different definitions, Systems Biology's view of biological phenomena highlights that a holistic perspective is needed to integrate and understand the huge amount of empirical data which have been collected. This is one of the aspects that makes Systems Biology so interesting, from a theoretical and epistemological point of view, and that renders it a useful tool to help students approach living beings' dynamics within a comprehensive framework of their biological features as well. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity, 2010
Catalytic Conversion of Carbohydrates into 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural by Germanium(IV) Chloride in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Zhang Zehui , Wang Qian , Xie Haibo , Liu Wujun , Zhao Zongbao (Kent) 
Published: December 2010

AbstractDirect conversion of carbohydrates into 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) catalyzed by germanium(IV) chloride in ionic liquids has been investigated in search of an efficient and environmentally friendly process. Monosaccharides D‐fructose and D‐glucose, disaccharides sucrose and maltose, and even the polysaccharide cellulose were successfully converted into HMF with good yields under mild conditions (yield up to 92 % in 5 min in the case of fructose). The structure of ionic liquids, catalyst loading, reaction temperature and water content had noticeable effects on this catalytic system. Addition of 5 Å molecular sieves during the dehydration of glucose resulted in an increase in HMF yield from 38.4 % to 48.4 %. A mechanism for glucose conversion to HMF catalyzed by germanium(IV) chloride was proposed according to 13C NMR spectra obtained in situ under different conditions using D‐glucose‐2‐13C as the substrate.
Nanostructured Carbon–Metal Oxide Hybrids as Amphiphilic Emulsion Catalysts
Authors: Ruiz M. Pilar , Faria Jimmy , Shen Min , Drexler Santiago , Prasomsri Teerawit , Resasco Daniel E. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractNanohybrids composed of “onion‐like” carbon, single‐walled (SWCNTs) or multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) fused to silica or alumina particles have been compared as stabilizers of water/oil emulsions and interfacial catalysts. The amphiphilic character of these nanohybrids makes them effective in stabilizing emulsions (up to 85 % of total volume) comprising of small droplets (less than 40 μm). Furthermore, these nanohybrids have been used as supports for transition metal particles (palladium and copper) to catalyze reactions at the water/oil interface. Three different reaction systems have been conducted in the emulsions to demonstrate the principle: 1) hydrogenation of phenanthrene; 2) hydrogenation of glutaraldehyde and benzaldehyde; 3) oxidation of tetralin. Comparison of the maximum conversions achieved in emulsions as opposed to the single phase, together with much better control of selectivity in the two‐phase system shows the benefits of using these nanohybrid catalysts.
Single‐cell tracking with a reversing flow cytometer
Authors: Sitton Greg , Srienc Friedrich 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe have developed an instrument based on a flow cytometer platform that is capable of tracking individual, suspended cells over extended time periods. The instrument repeatedly moves in a capillary the same volume segment of fluid containing tens to hundreds of suspended cells through the focal point of a laser. Individual cells are then tracked based on the timing of when they cross the laser, and cell properties are measured as in a conventional flow cytometer. Because cells are repeatedly measured the single‐cell rates of change can be determined. The developed instrumentation was applied to measure the variability of ABC transporter activity in a population of human cancer cells and the temperature dependence of constitutively expressed Gfp in yeast. A wide range of transport rates can be observed in the cancer cell population while the single‐cell Gfp fluorescence in yeast shows pronounced oscillations in response to temperature shifts. These observations are not detectable at the population level. Therefore, such measurements are useful for investigating cell function as they reveal how variable properties of single cells change over time. © 2010 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Stable and sensitive probes for lysosomes: Cell‐penetrating fluorescent calix[4]arenes accumulate in acidic vesicles
Authors: Mueller Anja , Lalor Ruth , Cardaba Clara Moyano , Matthews Susan E. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe uptake of a fluorescently labeled cationic calix[4] (NBDCalAm) in live, nonfixed cells has been investigated. The compound is taken into the cells rapidly and shows distinct endosomal distribution after 2 hours. This distribution pattern shows colocalization with lysosomal staining. The uptake is not altered by inhibition of clathrin or caveolae dependent pathways nor by depletion of the cellular ATP‐pool. Immediately after uptake the probe is localized in the Golgi and brefeldin A treatment prevents transport to lysosomes. Pulse chase experiments with bafilomycin A1, monensin, and sodium azide showed that accumulation and retention of the probe in lysosomes is primarily driven by the activity of vacuolar ATPases. The NBD labeled calix[4]arene provides a very stable and sensitive marker for lysosomes, and has a considerable advantage over some commercially available lysosomal markers in so far that the fluorescent signal is stable even when the cells are incubated in dye‐free medium after staining. © 2010 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Beta‐catenin signaling in hepatic development and progenitors: Which way does the WNT blow?
Authors: Lade Abigale G. , Monga Satdarshan P. S. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe Wnt/β‐catenin pathway is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade that plays key roles in development and adult tissue homeostasis and is aberrantly activated in many tumors. Over a decade of work in mouse, chick, xenopus, and zebrafish models has uncovered multiple functions of this pathway in hepatic pathophysiology. Specifically, beta‐catenin, the central component of the canonical Wnt pathway, is implicated in the regulation of liver regeneration, development, and carcinogenesis. Wnt‐independent activation of beta‐catenin by receptor tyrosine kinases has also been observed in the liver. In liver development across various species, through regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, and maturation, beta‐catenin directs foregut endoderm specification, hepatic specification of the foregut, and hepatic morphogenesis. Its role has also been defined in adult hepatic progenitors or oval cells especially in their expansion and differentiation. Thus, beta‐catenin undergoes tight temporal regulation to exhibit pleiotropic effects during hepatic development and in hepatic progenitor biology. Developmental Dynamics 240:486–500, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Commentaries on ‘Iron supplementation for breath‐holding attacks in children’
Authors: Hartfield Dawn S. , Yager Jerome Y. , DiMario Francis J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThese are commentaries of a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Zehetner AA, Orr N, Buckmaster A, Williams K, Wheeler DM. Iron supplementation for breath‐holding attacks in children.Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews2010, Issue 5. Art. No.: CD008132. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD008132.pub2.Further information for thisCochrane reviewis available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanyingSummaryarticle. Copyright © 2010 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration