bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STRIDULATION AND ASSOCIATED BEHAVIOR OF THE NATIVE ELM BARK BEETLEHYLURGOPINUS RUFIPES(EICHHOFF) (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)
Authors: Swedenborg Paul D. , Jones Richard L. , Ryker Lee C. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMale native elm bark beetles,Hylurgopinus rufipes(Eichhoff), had distinctive simple multipulse stress and rivalry chirps, and a bimodally patterned premating stridulation at the gallery site. Males were strongly arrested at attractive female galleries. Not all female galleries were attractive to males. For a short period after the arrival of the first (resident) male, conspecific males often contested the resident male. Stridulation by females was not detected.
SEASONAL ABUNDANCE OF FOLIAGE-DWELLING INSECT PESTS IN COMMERCIAL FIELDS AND INSECTICIDE-FREE PLOTS OF POTATO IN MANITOBA
Authors: Senanayake D.G. , Holliday N.J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPatterns of seasonal abundance of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), potato flea beetle, Epitrix cucumeris (Harris), potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris), and aphids on potato cv. Norland are reported for the 1983–1985 growing seasons in southern Manitoba. Each year, Colorado potato beetles and potato flea beetles underwent one generation on the crop. There were two peaks of leafhopper abundance in 1983 and 1984, but only one was evident in 1985. Aphid populations rose to a single peak in August of each year.In experimental plots in the absence of insecticides, Colorado potato beetles completely defoliated plants in two seasons out of the three. In commercial fields, insecticide sprays applied in July and early August greatly reduced populations of Colorado potato beetles for the rest of the season, and there was no defoliation at harvest. Insecticides had less effect on potato flea beetle populations. Leafhopper and aphid populations were small at the time of spraying.
POPULATION DENSITY ESTIMATION OF SPRUCE BUDWORM,CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA(CLEM.) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) ON BALSAM FIR AND WHITE SPRUCE FROM 45-CM MID-CROWN BRANCH TIPS
Authors: Régnière Jacques , Lysyk Timothy J. , Auger Michel 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe 45-cm mid-crown branch tip from balsam fir and white spruce is described in terms of surface area, fresh weight, and bud density. Fresh weight is suggested as the most appropriate unit to express density of all stages of the spruce budworm’s,Choristoneura fumiferana(Clem.), life cycle, particularly for the purposes of comparisons between host species and locations with different foliage conditions.Changes in distribution of the spruce budworm in the crown of balsam fir are documented for all stages of the insect’s life cycle. Correction factors to account for these changes when estimating density on the basis of the 45-cm branch tip sampling unit are given for balsam fir and white spruce.The amount of error in detection of spruce budworm larvae on foliage of both host trees by sampling personnel varied systematically and consistently as a function of insect development. A method to compensate for this type of error is also suggested.
ESTIMATING STAGE SURVIVAL FROM RECRUITMENT AND DENSITY DATA, WITH REFERENCE TO EGG MORTALITY IN THE COLORADO POTATO BEETLE, LEPTINOTARSA DECEMLINEATA (SAY) (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELDIAE)
Authors: Van Driesche R.G. , Bellows T.S. , Ferro D.N. , Hazzard R. , Maher A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractStage survival is typically calculated from estimates of numbers entering two successive life stages. We present a method that estimates stage survival by reference to the difference between directly measured recruitment to the stage and the estimate of recruitment obtained from Southwood and Jepson’s graphical technique. The method assumes mortality is constant within the stage. The method is applied to two generations (at two sites) of the egg stage of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), and the predicted stage survivals are compared, for two generations, with direct field measurements of egg mortality.
THE RED TURNIP BEETLE, ENTOMOSCELIS AMERICANA (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE): DISTRIBUTION, TEMPERATURE ADAPTATIONS, AND ZOOGEOGRAPHY
Authors: Gerber G.H. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMost of the range of the red turnip beetle, Entomoscelis americana Brown, lies within the Western Cordillera and Interior Plains physiographic regions of North America between latitudes 45°N and 68°N. Entomoscelis americana is associated mainly with three types of vegetation: forests, forest–grasslands, and grasslands. Temperature adaptations in the egg, larval, pupal, and adult stages that permit E. americana to occupy its present range are outlined. Host plant abundance may be the main factor preventing eastward extension of its range. Climate and host plant abundance together appear to limit E. americana to low altitude locations north of 60°N latitude. Eight of the temperature adaptations of the egg and adult stages together seem to limit southward extension of the range. Entomoscelis Chevr. appears to have a Holarctic distribution, with 11 species in the Palearctic region and one (E. americana) in the Nearctic region. The stock giving rise to E. americana may have migrated to North America during the Pleistocene when the Bering land bridge was in existence. Entomoscelis americana likely spent the Wisconsinan glacial period south of the ice in the Western Cordillera and (or) in central United States.
LABORATORY STUDIES ON DEVELOPMENT OF GYPSY MOTH, LYMANTRIA DISPAR (L.) (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE), LARVAE ON FOLIAGE OF GYMNOSPERMS
Authors: Miller Jeffrey C. , Hanson Paul E. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe development of gypsy moth larvae was monitored in the laboratory on the foliage of 39 species belonging to 18 genera in the Araucaraceae, Cupressaceae, Ginkgoaceae, Pinaceae, Taxaceae, and Taxodiaceae. Larval survival through successive molts, time of larval development, live female pupal weights, and adult female production of ova were measured as indicators of host plant suitability for the gypsy moth. The criteria for distinguishing the most suitable hosts were as follows: (1) greater than 80% survival of first-instar larvae, (2) development to pupation in less than 41 days, (3) female pupal weights over 1099 mg, and (4) the production of more than 350 ova. The most suitable species were in the Pinaceae, in particular, Cedrus deodara (Roxb. ex Lamb.) G. Don, Larix decidua Mill., and Picea pungens Engelm. The least suitable species were in the Cupressaceae, Ginkgoaceae, and Taxaceae. First-, second-, and third-instar larvae often differed in their ability to survive on new foliage compared with foliage from the previous year. Overall, first-instar larvae successfully developed into adults on 20 of the species tested but second-instar larvae developed into adults on 29 of the species tested. First- through fourth- or fifth-instar larvae failed to develop into adults on eight of the species tested.
NOTES ON THE BIOLOGY OFLASIOGLOSSUM(EVYLAEVS)COOLEYI(CRAWFORD), AN EUSOCIAL HALICTINE BEE (HYMENOPTERA: HALICTTDAE)
Authors: Packer Laurence , Owen Robin E. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA nesting aggregation ofLasioglossum(Evylaeus)cooleyi(Crawford) was studied on the campus of the University of British Columbia in July 1988. This species is primitively eusocial. There was a 7.3% size difference between queens and their workers; 40% of the latter had well-developed ovaries and 14% were mated. Thus, this species is one of the most primitively social members of its subgenus. The cells were not gathered together in a cluster or surrounded by a cavity. This species has a haploid chromosome number of 18, the largest number yet recorded for any Halictid bee.
CONSTANCY OF STYLOSTOME FORM IN TWO WATER MITE SPECIES
Authors: Lanciani Carmine A. , Smith Bruce P. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractRecent studies have suggested that the stylostome of parasitic larval water mites of the genus Arrenurus Dugès is a product of the mite, not the host. We tested this hypothesis by comparing stylostomes of the similar species Arrenurus novimarshallae Wilson and Arrenurus pseudotenuicollis Wilson formed in each of two mosquito species, Anopheles crucians Wiedemann and Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say: if the stylostome is produced by the mite, not the host, then stylostome form is likely to be constant in different host species parasitized by the mite.The stylostome of A. pseudotenuicollis is a short, broad, convoluted sac, and stylostomes within the two host species did not differ significantly. The stylostome of A. novimarshallae is a long, thin, convoluted tube, and although it was significantly smaller in A. quadrimaculatus than in A. crucians, its form remained constant. Dark pigment deposits around the stylostome’s attachment point and along the tube may represent host defense that reduces stylostome growth in A. quadrimaculatus. Laboratory-reared A. novimarshallae often die after a brief engorgement period on A. quadrimaculatus but not on A. crucians.Thus, the stylostome of these two mite species has a consistent form in each of two host species, an observation compatible with the hypothesis that the stylostome is a product of the mite. In addition, the ease of distinguishing these two mite species on the basis of stylostome morphology attests to the potential value of the stylostome as a taxonomic character.
A DESCRIPTION OF THE LARVA OF RHYNCHOLIMNOCHARES KITTATINNIANA HABEEB (HYDRACHNIDIA: LIMNOCHARIDAE)
Authors: Smith Bruce P. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractLarvae of Rhyncholimnochares kittatinniana Habeeb are described — the first larval description within the subfamily Rhyncholimnocharinae. The larval instar is apparently wholly aquatic, making members of this genus the fourth lineage within the Hydrachnidia to have acquired this lifestyle independently. Various morphological characteristics of larval R. kittatinniana are adaptations associated with crawling through boundary-layer flow within the gravel of stream beds. Larvae and nymphochrysalids were found attached to the abdominal tergites of elmid beetles within the respiratory airspace.
DESCRIPTION OFSCAPULEREMAEUS KOBAUENSISGEN.NOV., SP.NOV. (ACARI: ORIBATIDA: CYMBAEREMAEIDAE) FROM WESTERN CANADA
Authors: Behan-Pelletier Valerie M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAdults ofScapuleremaeus kobauensisgen.nov., sp.nov. are described from British Columbia. The systematic relationship of this genus to other genera in the Cymbaeremaeidae is discussed.
REVIEW OFOBTUSICAUDA(HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) OF AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO, WITH A KEY TO SPECIES
Authors: Robinson A.G. , Halbert Susan E. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA review is given for the genusObtusicaudaSoliman in America north of Mexico. The subgenusArtemisaphisKnowlton and Roberts is restored to its original rank of genus. The speciesObtusicauda essigiSoliman,O.jonesi(Gillette and Palmer),O.albicornus(Knowlton and Allen), andO.flavila(Knowlton and Allen) are considered to be synonyms ofO.coweni(Hunter). The speciesO.cefsmithi(Knowlton and Allen) andO.zerohypsi(Knowlton and Allen) are considered to be synonyms ofO.filifoliae(Gillette and Palmer). A key and an annotated list are given for the remaining six species ofObtusicauda.
DESCRIPTION OF DEUTONYMPHS AND ADULTS OF OREGONACARUS RIVULICOLUS GEN.NOV., SP.NOV. (ACARI: LEBERTIOIDEA: ANISITSIELLIDAE)
Authors: Smith Ian M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDeutonymphs and adults of Oregonacarus rivulicolus gen.nov., sp.nov. are described, and distributional data are given for this and other species of Anisitsiellinae inhabiting seepage water habitats in western North America. A revised key to the nearctic genera of Anisitsiellinae and a brief discussion of their phylogenetic relationships are presented.
NORTH AMERICAN WATER MITES OF THE FAMILY MOMONIIDAE VIETS (ACARI: ARRENUROIDEA). I. DESCRIPTION OF ADULTS OF CYCLOMOMONIA ANDREWI GEN.NOV., SP.NOV., AND KEY TO WORLD GENERA AND SUBGENERA
Authors: Smith Ian M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAdults of Cyclomomonia andrewi gen.nov., sp.nov. are described from interstitial habitats in small, cascading streams in western North America. The genus Cyclomomonia and the subfamily Cyclomomoniinae are proposed and diagnosed, based primarily on the distinctive, complex structure of the dorsal and ventral shields and the genital field. Possible relationships between Cyclomomonia and other Momoniidae are discussed, and a new key to the world genera and subgenera of the family is presented.
DIAPAUSE TERMINATION AND MORPHOGENESIS OFHOLCOTHORAX TESTACEIPESRATZEBURG (HYMENOPTERA: ENCYRTIDAE), AN INTRODUCED PARASITOID OF THE SPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAFMINER,PHYLLONORYCTER BLANCARDELLA(F.) (LEPIDOPTERA: GRACILLARIIDAE)
Authors: Wang T. , Laing J.E. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractLow temperature is a major factor regulating diapause development inHolcothorax testaceipesRatzeburg. Diapausing pupae required a cold period of 0°C, 5°C, or outdoor (≤0°C) for ca. 15 weeks to terminate diapause. The pupae required a further 21–27 days at 21°C for 50% emergence. Longer periods and higher temperatures of storage often were associated with shorter times of morphogenesis and duration of emergence. Percentage emergence ofH.testaceipeswas constant after various periods of cold storage at low temperatures. After storage at 0°C, pupae held at 21°C and a 16-h photophase reached 50% emergence sooner than those held at the same temperature but at a 12-h photophase. Photoperiod did not affect percentage or duration of emergence of the parasitoid. The threshold temperature for development of pupalH.testaceipeswas estimated to be 9°C regardless of sex or host species. The thermal constant did not vary with sex of the parasitoids but differed significantly forH.testaceipesreared onPhyllonorycter ringoniellaMatsumura (237 DD) and onPhyllonorycter blancardella(F.) (202 DD). Temperatures from 11 to 29°C did not affect percentage and duration of emergence from overwintered pupae, which were 75.5% and 2.4 days respectively, when reared onP.ringoniella, and 86.2% and 1.7 days respectively, onP.blancardella. These results suggest thatH.testaceipesacceptsP.blancardellaas a host and will be synchronized with its development in Ontario.
DESCRIPTION OF TWO NEW SPECIES OF PLATYHYDRACARUS GEN. NOV. FROM WESTERN NORTH AMERICA, WITH REMARKS ON CLASSIFICATION OF ATHIENEMANNIIDAE (ACARI: PARASITENGONA: ARRENUROIDEA)
Authors: Smith Ian M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractLarvae, deutonymphs, and male and female adults of Platyhydracarus juliani sp.nov., and adults of P. parvipalpis sp.nov., are described from rheocrenes and small streams in western North America. The genus Platyhydracarus gen.nov. is proposed and diagnosed, based primarily upon the presence of genital acetabula both in the gonopore and on acetabular plates flanking the gonopore, and of a group of thickened setae anterior to the gonopore, in male adults. Possible relationships between Platyhydracarus and other Athienemanniidae are discussed, and a new key to the genera of Athienemanniinae is presented.
DIPALTA SERPENTINA OSTEN SACKEN (DIPTERA: BOMBYLIIDAE) AS A PREDATOR ON PUPAE OF THE ANTLION MYRMELEON IMMACULATUS DEGEER (NEUROPTERA: MYRMELEONTIDAE) IN CALIFORNIA
Authors: Leech Robin , MacDonald-Leech B.J. 
Published: November 2009

The first record of Dipalta serpentina Osten Sacken, 1877, preying on larvae of Myrmeleon immaculatus DeGeer, 1773, was by Smith (1934: 136-137), who stated that the fly larvae were “parasitic” on the antlion larvae. Cole and Schlinger (1969: 251) stated that the fly larva of this species “…is parasitic on the larvae of Myrmeleontidae.”Although the fly larvae may prey upon the larvae of the antlion, we have established that they definitely prey upon the antlion pupae (Fig. 1). Judging from the emergence dates (early September 1988) of the flies, each had preyed upon an antlion pupa within its cocoon. Each antlion cocoon had one hole in it. An examination of the contents of each antlion cocoon revealed the cast skin of the antlion larva and the empty, clear skin of the antlion pupa. The pupal skins were not split open, which they would have been if the adult antlion had emerged. They were shrivelled, and looked much as if the contents had been sucked out.
EVIDENCE FOR A SEX PHEROMONE IN THE MULLEIN BUG, CAMPYLOMMA VERBASCI (MEYER) (HETEROPTERA: MIRIDAE)
Authors: Thistlewood H.M.A. , Borden J.H. , Smith R.F. , Pierce H.D. , McMullen R.D. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMale mullein bugs, Campylomma verbasci (Meyer), were attracted in field experiments in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia to traps baited with females, extracts of crushed females, or Porapak Q-captured volatiles from females on common mullein, Verbascum thapsus L. Extracts from the female head and thorax attracted more males than did abdominal extracts. Traps baited with C. verbasci of both sexes caged together were not attractive. Analysis by coupled gas chromatography – mass spectrometry revealed n-butyl butyrate and n-hexyl butyrate in female extracts and captured volatiles, but only the latter compound in male extracts. However, these esters were unattractive, either alone or combined. We suggest that Porapak Q-captured volatiles could be used in pheromone isolation, and that pheromone-baited traps have promise in monitoring populations of C. verbasci.
COMPARATIVE OPTIMAL TIMES OF APPLICATION OF BENZOYLPHENYL UREAS TO WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA OCCIDENTALIS FREEMAN (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Robertson Jacqueline L. , Worner Susan P. , Preisler Haiganoush K. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractFour benzoylphenyl ureas (BPU’S) were tested on the four feeding larval instars of western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, from a nondiapausing laboratory colony. BPU’s compared were chlorfluazuron, penfluron, triflumuron, and XRD-473 (N-(((3,5-dichloro-4-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl-amino)carbonyl)-2, 6-difluorobenzymide). Although previous evidence suggested that BPU’S were generally most active on younger instars, last-instar western spruce budworm larvae were most susceptible to three of the four tested. Contour plots of estimated effectiveness during development of a western spruce budworm laboratory population indicated that the optimal time of application (lowest LC90) for XRD-473 would be ca. 16 days after the first group of larvae hatched, but the optimal time for the other three BPU’s would be between 40 and 50 days after hatch began. However, chronological age of insects in natural populations is difficult to estimate because of the influence of factors such as climatic conditions (e.g. temperature) and other ecological factors. The need to estimate optimal timing for application of BPU’s and other chemicals in terms of physiological time during population development is discussed.
PERFORMANCE OF A WILLOW-FEEDING BEETLE, CHRYSOMELA KNABI BROWN, AS AFFECTED BY HOST SPECIES AND DIETARY MOISTURE
Authors: Horton David R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractLarval performance and adult size of Chrysomela knabi Brown varied with host quality and species. Beetles reared on a low moisture diet of Salix humilis Marsh. or a novel host, S. nigra Marsh., showed reduced growth rates, survival, and adult size compared with performance on the local host, S. humilis, at high moisture. For all performance variables, beetles were least successful on the novel host. Development (hatch to pupation) was 1.2 and 3.9 days faster on the high moisture diet than on the low moisture diet or novel host, respectively. Survival (hatch to pupation) was 8 and 20% higher on the local host (high moisture) than on the low moisture diet and novel host, respectively. Weight and elytral length of newly eclosed adults showed these same trends.
SPATIAL–TEMPORAL VARIABILITY AND THE STUDY OF AQUATIC INSECTS,
Authors: Resh Vincent H. , Rosenberg David M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSpatial and temporal variability are essential considerations in the study of aquatic insects. Traditionally, these two sources of variability are treated separately; however, they should be considered together because they occur concurrently in natural systems. To illustrate this interaction, we constructed two-way variability tables in which spatial (habitat, reach or zone, system, intersystem) and temporal (within a day, within a season, within a year, year to year) scales were ordered on separate axes, and examples of concurrent spatial and temporal variability were entered at the intersects of the scales. We examined three aspects of aquatic insect life histories in lotic and lentic waters using such tables: emergence, feeding and growth, and movements and migrations. It proved easier to find examples for the stream tables than for the lake tables, perhaps because of greater spatial and temporal variability in lotic than lentic waters. Also, more papers have been published on stream than on lake insects over the last decade or so. Spatial and temporal scales at which lotic and lentic research is done were determined by examining the recent contents of five key aquatic journals (≈ 500 articles). Research on aquatic insects appears generally to be done at relatively long temporal scales, but at smaller spatial and shorter temporal scales in lotic than lentic systems. Perusal of the literature to find examples of concurrent spatial and temporal variability revealed the prevalence of a “mean-values” appproach to data analysis, in which investigators “homogenize” data to reduce spatial and temporal variability. However, it is this spatial and temporal variability that often provides an explanation of factors causing the patterns observed. A “variance” approach, in which data are disaggregated and fluctuations or extremes are considered, may be far more informative and may elucidate underlying mechanisms.