bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serratus Anterior Plane Blocks for Early Rib Fracture Pain Management
Authors: Partyka Christopher , Asha Stephen , Berry Melanie , Ferguson Ian , Burns Brian , Tsacalos Katerina , Gaetani Daniel , Oliver Matthew , Luscombe Georgina , Delaney Anthony , Curtis Kate 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceRib fractures secondary to blunt thoracic trauma typically result in severe pain that is notoriously difficult to manage. The serratus anterior plane block (SAPB) is a regional anesthesia technique that provides analgesia to most of the hemithorax; however, SAPB has limited evidence for analgesic benefits in rib fractures.ObjectiveTo determine whether the addition of an SAPB to protocolized care bundles increases the likelihood of early favorable analgesic outcomes and reduces opioid requirements in patients with rib fractures.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis multicenter, open-label, pragmatic randomized clinical trial was conducted at 8 emergency departments across metropolitan and regional New South Wales, Australia, between April 12, 2021, and January 22, 2022. Patients aged 16 years or older with clinically suspected or radiologically proven rib fractures were included in the study. Participants were excluded if they were intubated, transferred for urgent surgical intervention, or had a major concomitant nonthoracic injury. Data were analyzed from September 2022 to July 2023.InterventionsPatients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive an SAPB in addition to usual rib fracture management or standard care alone.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was a composite pain score measured 4 hours after enrollment. Patients met the primary outcome if they had a pain score reduction of 2 or more points and an absolute pain score of less than 4 out of 10 points.ResultsA total of 588 patients were screened, of whom 210 patients (median [IQR] age, 71 [55-84] years; 131 [62%] male) were enrolled, with 105 patients randomized to receive an SAPB plus standard care and 105 patients randomized to standard care alone. In the complete-case intention-to-treat primary outcome analysis, the composite pain score outcome was reached in 38 of 92 patients (41%) in the SAPB group and 18 of 92 patients (19.6%) in the control group (relative risk [RR], 0.73; 95% CI, 0.60-0.89; P = .001). There was a clinically significant reduction in overall opioid consumption in the SAPB group compared with the control group (eg, median [IQR] total opioid requirement at 24 hours: 45 [19-118] vs 91 [34-155] milligram morphine equivalents). Rates of pneumonia (6 patients [10%] vs 7 patients [11%]), length of stay (eg, median [IQR] hospital stay, 4.2 [2.2-7.7] vs 5 [3-7.3] days), and 30-day mortality (1 patient [1%] vs 3 patients [4%]) were similar between the SAPB and control groups.Conclusions and RelevanceThis randomized clinical trial found that the addition of an SAPB to standard rib fracture care significantly increased the proportion of patients who experienced a meaningful reduction in their pain score while also reducing in-hospital opioid requirements.Trial Registrationhttp://anzctr.org.au Identifier: ACTRN12621000040864
Fabricated lies are more likely to be mistaken for truth over time
Authors: Rindal Eric J. , Zaragoza Maria S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWhen providing eyewitness testimony, people sometimes fabricate lies that supplement the truth by embellishing or adding new information. This study investigated whether participants confuse their fabricated lies for actually witnessed events over time. In two experiments employing different eyewitness events, participants viewed an event and were then asked to lie about unseen details and events. Memory was assessed after either a 1‐week (E1a & E2) or a 4‐week (E1b & E2) retention interval. In both experiments, participants falsely reported witnessing their lies after a 4‐week retention interval, but only one experiment (E2) obtained evidence for these memory errors at the shorter retention interval of 1‐week. In addition, when assessed repeatedly, lies that participants correctly rejected as not witnessed at the 1‐week retention interval were later incorrectly endorsed as witnessed when tested again at the 4‐week retention interval, thus showing that distinguishing lies from truth became more difficult over time.
An A(i)lien Embassy: AI and Interspecies Communication
Authors: Witt Andrew 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThere is more than just human intelligence out there, and we must now get to grips with the end of human uniqueness. Our accelerating dexterity with biology of all sorts, digital software and hardware, pharmacology and a myriad other interventionist or evolutionary technologies is leading to the design of architectures/bodies/ systems that are fundamentally intelligently entangled. Harvard Graduate School of Design's Andrew Witt explains this ongoing synthesis and its cultural and social ramifications for today and deeper into tomorrow.
Signs, Signals and Signifiers: The Doghouse and the Semiotics of AI
Authors: Manninger Sandra 
Published: May 2024

AbstractArchitecture is a complex web of semiotics – signs, signals and signifiers. The creation of these codes, and their dynamic manipulation and interaction over time, is the lifeblood of experimental architecture practice SPAN's Doghouse project. Co‐founder Sandra Manninger explains how the project's articulation, robotic inhabitants and fluctuating symbolic meanings and languages create a complex multi‐readable architectural structure and text.
Chlorin e6 and BLZ945 Based Self‐Assembly for Photodynamic Immunotherapy Through Immunogenic Tumor Induction and Tumor‐Associated Macrophage Depletion
Authors: Huang Chu‐Yu , Zhao Lin‐Ping , Rao Xiao‐Na , Zheng Rong‐Rong , Liu Zhi‐Shan , Cai Hua , Zhang Wei , Chen A‐Li , Xu Lin , Li Shiying 
Published: May 2024

AbstractImmunotherapeutic effect is restricted by the nonimmunogenic tumor phenotype and immunosuppression behaviors of tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs). In this work, a drug self‐assembly (designated as CeBLZ) is fabricated based on chlorin e6 (Ce6) and BLZ945 to activate photodynamic immunotherapy through tumor immunogenic induction and tumor‐associated macrophage depletion. It is found that Ce6 tends to assemble with BLZ945 without any drug excipients, which can enhance the cellular uptake, tumor penetration, and blood circulation behaviors. The robust photodynamic therapy effect of CeBLZ efficiently suppresses the primary tumor growth and also triggers immunogenic cell death to reverse the nonimmunogenic tumor phenotype. Moreover, CeBLZ can deplete TAMs in tumor tissues to reverse the immunosuppression microenvironment, activating abscopal effect for distant tumor inhibition. In vitro and in vivo results confirm the superior antitumor effect of CeBLZ with negligible side effect, which might promote the development of sophisticated drug combinations for systematic tumor management.
Erythrocyte‐Membrane‐Camouflaged Magnetic Nanocapsules With Photothermal/Magnetothermal Effects for Thrombolysis
Authors: Zhu Liqiong , Lian Weishuai , Yu Nuo , Meng Jialan , Zeng Hongchun , Wang Yue , Wang Xiao , Wen Mei , Chen Zhigang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractVenous/arterial thrombosis poses significant threats to human health. However, drug‐enabled thrombolysis treatment often encounters challenges such as short half‐life and low bioavailability. To address these issues, the design of erythrocyte‐membrane (EM) camouflaged nanocapsules (USIO/UK@EM) incorporating ultra‐small iron oxide (USIO) and urokinase (UK) drug, which exhibits remarkable photothermal/magnetothermal effects and drug delivery ability for venous/arterial thrombolysis, is reported. USIO, UK, and EM are coextruded to fabricate USIO/UK@EM with average sizes of 103.7 nm. As USIO/UK@EM possesses wide photoabsorption and good magnetic properties, its solution demonstrates a temperature increase to 41.8–42.9 °C within 5 min when exposed to an 808 nm laser (0.33 mW cm−2) or alternating magnetic field (AMF). Such photothermal/magnetothermal effect along with UK confers impressive thrombolytic rates of 82.4% and 74.2%, higher than that (≈15%) achieved by UK alone. Further, the EM coating extends the circulating half‐life (t1/2 = 3.28 h). When USIO/UK@EM is administered to mice and rabbits, tail vein thrombus in mice and femoral artery thrombus in rabbits can be dissolved by the synergetic effect of thermothrombolysis and UK. Therefore, this study not only offers insights into the rational design of multifunctional biomimetic nanocapsules but also showcases a promising thrombolysis strategy utilizing nanomedicine.
ROS‐Responsive Injectable Hydrogel Loaded with SLC7A11‐modRNA Inhibits Ferroptosis and Mitigates Intervertebral Disc Degeneration in Rats
Authors: Gao Tian , Xu Guangyu , Ma Tiancong , Lu Xiao , Chen Kaiwen , Luo Huanhuan , Chen Gang , Song Jian , Ma Xiaosheng , Fu Wei , Zheng Chaojun , Xia Xinlei , Jiang Jianyuan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is the primary cause of low back pain, with oxidative stress being a recognized factor that causes its development. Presently, low back pain imposes a significant global economic burden. However, the effectiveness of treatments for IVDD remains extremely limited. Therefore, this study aims to explore innovative and effective IVDD treatments by focusing on oxidative stress as a starting point. In this study, an injectable reactive oxygen species‐responsive hydrogel (PVA‐tsPBA@SLC7A11 modRNA) is developed, designed to achieve rapid loading and selective release of chemically synthesized modified mRNA (modRNA). SLC7A11 modRNA is specifically used to upregulate the expression of the ferroptosis marker SLC7A11. The local injection of PVA‐tsPBA@SLC7A11 modRNA into the degenerated intervertebral disc (IVD) results in the cleavage of PVA‐tsPBA, leading to the release of enclosed SLC7A11 modRNA. The extent of SLC7A11 modRNA release is directly proportional to the severity of IVDD, ultimately ameliorating IVDD by inhibiting ferroptosis in nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs). This study proposes an innovative system of PVA‐tsPBA hydrogel‐encapsulated modRNA, representing a potential novel treatment strategy for patients with early‐stage IVDD.
Designing Nonflammable Liquid Electrolytes for Safe Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xie Jing , Lu Yi‐Chun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLi‐ion batteries are essential technologies for electronic products in the daily life. However, serious fire safety concerns that are closely associated with the flammable liquid electrolyte remains a key challenge. Tremendous effort has been devoted to designing nonflammable liquid electrolytes. It is critical to gain comprehensive insights into nonflammability design and inspire more efficient approaches for building safer Li‐ion batteries. This review presents current mechanistic understanding of safety issues and discusses state‐of‐the‐art nonflammable liquid electrolytes design for Li‐ion batteries based on molecule, solvation, and battery compatibility level. Various safety test methods are discussed for reliable safety risk evaluation. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of the nonflammability design for Li‐ion electrolytes are summarized.
Vacancy‐Driven High‐Performance Metabolic Assay for Diagnosis and Therapeutic Evaluation of Depression
Authors: Chen Xiaonan , Wang Yun , Pei Congcong , Li Rongxin , Shu Weikang , Qi Ziheng , Zhao Yinbing , Wang Yanhui , Lin Yingying , Zhao Liang , Peng Daihui , Wan Jingjing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDepression is one of the most common mental illnesses and is a well‐known risk factor for suicide, characterized by low overall efficacy (<50%) and high relapse rate (40%). A rapid and objective approach for screening and prognosis of depression is highly desirable but still awaits further development. Herein, a high‐performance metabolite‐based assay to aid the diagnosis and therapeutic evaluation of depression by developing a vacancy‐engineered cobalt oxide (Vo‐Co3O4) assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometer platform is presented. The easy‐prepared nanoparticles with optimal vacancy achieve a considerable signal enhancement, characterized by favorable charge transfer and increased photothermal conversion. The optimized Vo‐Co3O4 allows for a direct and robust record of plasma metabolic fingerprints (PMFs). Through machine learning of PMFs, high‐performance depression diagnosis is achieved, with the areas under the curve (AUC) of 0.941–0.980 and an accuracy of over 92%. Furthermore, a simplified diagnostic panel for depression is established, with a desirable AUC value of 0.933. Finally, proline levels are quantified in a follow‐up cohort of depressive patients, highlighting the potential of metabolite quantification in the therapeutic evaluation of depression. This work promotes the progression of advanced matrixes and brings insights into the management of depression.
Mechanically Induced Transient Fluorescence of Photochromic Diarylethene Crystals for Sensing and Security Material
Authors: Nishimura Ryo , Kobayashi Yuka , Sotome Hikaru , Miyasaka Hiroshi , Morimoto Masakazu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLuminescent materials responding to mechanical stimulation can visualize the strain and mechanical damage applied to objects. Mechanofluorochromism is a well‐known phenomenon induced by the mechanical force on fluorescent crystalline materials. However, simple application of the mechanofluorochromism is unsuitable for temporally and spatially detecting stress in detail because the fluorescent state is kept for rather long period. Here, the dynamic stress‐sensing luminescent solid material of a photochromic diarylethene with a fluorescent moiety is reported. Under the stress applied to the crystalline state, this material emitted cyan‐colored transient fluorescence that is rapidly diminished within a few second. This dynamic fluorescence phenomenon is well controlled by the combination of light irradiation and other external stimuli (organic solvent vapor and/or heat). In addition, the luminescence period is regulated by the excitation wavelength and magnitude of applied force. By utilizing these responses, the rewritable dynamic information encryption is successfully demonstrated. This material with transient fluorescence overcomes the persistence of fluorescence color of mechanochromism and present results provide a new principle for multifunctional light‐emitting materials responding to mechanical stimulation.
Fabrication of Highly Stable Cs3Cu2I5‐in‐Glass Composite for X‐Ray Imaging by SPS Technique
Authors: Wang Panyi , Meng Mengmeng , Nie Man , Hu Xiaoyu , Cai Peiqing , Cai Muzhi , Lei Lei , Calvez Laurent , Zhang Xianghua , Xu Shiqing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe development of all‐inorganic lead‐free Cs3Cu2I5 perovskite materials has garnered significant attention due to their non‐toxic nature and unique optoelectronic properties, particularly in the field of X‐ray detection. However, the stability of perovskites remains a major concern for their optical applications. In this study, a highly stable Cs3Cu2I5‐in‐glass composite (Cs3Cu2I5@Borosilicate) is fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS), a rapid and low‐temperature sintering process. The Cs3Cu2I5@Borosilicate composite exhibits strong photoluminescence even after prolonged immersion in various polar solvents, whereas Cs3Cu2I5 perovskite loses its photoluminescence within seconds. Moreover, the Cs3Cu2I5@Borosilicate composite demonstrates robust radio‐luminescence under X‐ray irradiation, and its potential as a scintillator material is validated through prototype X‐ray imaging with a high spatial resolution (≈7 lp mm−1). This innovative composite material holds immense potential for scintillation applications and represents a promising approach for encapsulating perovskites in a transparent amorphous medium.
Ir(III) Metal Emitters with Cyano‐Modified Imidazo[4,5‐b]pyridin‐2‐ylidene Chelates for Deep‐Blue Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Wu Yixin , Xin Yangyang , Pan Yi , Yiu Shek‐Man , Yan Jie , Lau Kai Chung , Duan Lian , Chi Yun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIr(III) carbene complexes have been explored as one of the best blue phosphors for their high performance. Herein, the authors designed and synthesized a series of blue‐emitting Ir(III) phosphors (f‐ct9a–c), featuring fac‐coordinated cyano‐imidazo[4,5‐b]pyridin‐2‐ylidene cyclometalates. These Ir(III) complexes exhibit true‐blue emission with a peak maximum spanning 448–467 nm, with high photoluminescence quantum yields of 81–88% recorded in degassed toluene. Moreover, OLED devices bearing phosphors f‐ct9a and f‐ct9b deliver maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQEmax) of 25.9% and 30.3%, together with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIEx,y) coordinates of (0.157, 0.225) and (0.142, 0.169), respectively. Remarkably, the f‐ct9b‐based device displays an incredible EQE of 29.0% at 5000 cd·m−2. The hyper‐OLED device based on f‐ct9b and ν‐DABNA exhibits an EQEmax of 34.7% and CIEx,y coordinates of (0.122, 0.131), affirming high potentials in achieving efficient blue electroluminescence.
Impact of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection on short‐term postoperative outcomes after gastroenterological cancer surgery using data from a nationwide database in Japan
Authors: Takeuchi Masashi , Hibi Taizo , Seishima Ryo , Takemura Yusuke , Maeda Hiromichi , Toshima Genta , Ishida Noriyuki , Miyazaki Naoki , Taketomi Akinobu , Kakeji Yoshihiro , Seto Yasuyuki , Ueno Hideki , Mori Masaki , Shirabe Ken , Kitagawa Yuko 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundDue to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, cancer screening, diagnosis, and treatment have changed. This study aimed to investigate the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection prior to gastroenterological cancer surgeries on postoperative complications using data from a nationwide database in Japan.MethodsData on patients who underwent surgery for cancer including esophageal, gastric, colon, rectal, liver, and pancreatic cancer between July 1, 2019, and September 300, 2022, from real‐world sources in Japan were analyzed. The association between preoperative SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and short‐term postoperative outcomes was evaluated. A similar analysis stratified according to the interval from SARS‐CoV‐2 infection to surgery (<4 vs. >4 weeks) was conducted.ResultsIn total, 60 604 patients were analyzed, and 227 (0.4%) patients were diagnosed with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection preoperatively. The median interval from SARS‐CoV‐2 infection to surgery was 25 days. Patients diagnosed with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection preoperatively had a significantly higher incidence of pneumonia (odds ratio: 2.05; 95% confidence interval: 1.05–3.74; p = 0.036) than those not diagnosed with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection based on the exact logistic regression analysis adjusted for the characteristics of the patients. A similar finding was observed in patients who had SARS‐CoV‐2 infection <4 weeks before surgery.ConclusionsPatients with a history of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection had a significantly higher incidence of pneumonia. This finding can be particularly valuable for countries that have implemented strict regulations in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic and have lower SARS‐CoV‐2 infection‐related mortality rates.
Considerations for the use of porcine organ donation models in preclinical organ donor intervention research
Authors: Heinis Frazer I. , Merani Shaheed , Markin Nicholas W. , Duncan Kim F. , Moulton Michael J. , Fristoe Lance , Thorell William E. , Sherrick Raechel A. , Wells Tami R. , Andrews Matthew T. , Urban Marian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUse of animal models in preclinical transplant research is essential to the optimization of human allografts for clinical transplantation. Animal models of organ donation and preservation help to advance and improve technical elements of solid organ recovery and facilitate research of ischemia–reperfusion injury, organ preservation strategies, and future donor‐based interventions. Important considerations include cost, public opinion regarding the conduct of animal research, translational value, and relevance of the animal model for clinical practice. We present an overview of two porcine models of organ donation: donation following brain death (DBD) and donation following circulatory death (DCD). The cardiovascular anatomy and physiology of pigs closely resembles those of humans, making this species the most appropriate for pre‐clinical research. Pigs are also considered a potential source of organs for human heart and kidney xenotransplantation. It is imperative to minimize animal loss during procedures that are surgically complex. We present our experience with these models and describe in detail the use cases, procedural approach, challenges, alternatives, and limitations of each model.
Cover Image, Volume 141, Issue 22
Authors: Gopakumar Anandu Nair , Ccanccapa‐Cartagena Alexander , Bell Kati , Salehi Maryam 
Published: May 2024

The cover image is based on the Research Article Development of crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol nanofibrous membrane for microplastic removal from water by Anandu Nair Gopakumar et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/app.55428image
Influence of Surface Groups on Electrochemical Properties of Molten Salt Synthesized Ti3C2Tx in Mild Aqueous Electrolytes
Authors: Guan Bin , Ma Guoliang , Lin Zifeng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMXene, notable for its excellent electrical conductivity and tunable surface groups, has garnered widespread attention in the field of electrochemical energy storage. Here, Ti3C2Tx MXene was synthesized by a Lewis acid molten salt‐shielded synthesis (MS3). The surface groups (−Cl, −O) were modified by washing Ti3C2Tx samples with various solutions (deionized water, 0.5 M hydrochloric acid (HCl), 0.5 M ammonium persulfate solution (APS)) and/or thermal treatments under an argon atmosphere at 300 °C, 500 °C, and 700 °C. It is shown that deionized water and HCl solution washing have minimal impact on the surface groups, while APS washing can increase the content of −O surface group. Conversely, thermal treatment may remove the −O. Electrochemical charge storage behavior of these Ti3C2Tx variants were further investigated in a 1 M acetate electrolyte buffered at pH=5.0. It is indicated that the −Cl surface group is electrochemically inert, whereas the −O may significantly improve the charge storage performance. Ti3C2Tx with high −O content delivered an impressive maximum capacity of 155 C g−1. This research underscores the crucial role of surface groups on the electrochemical performance of Ti3C2Tx in mild aqueous electrolytes, offering valuable insights for future modifications and applications of Ti3C2Tx in energy storage technologies.