bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MyD88 expression in the rat dental follicle: implications for osteoclastogenesis and tooth eruption
Authors: Liu Dawen , Yao Shaomian , Wise Gary E. 
Published: July 2010

Liu D, Yao S, Wise GE. MyD88 expression in the rat dental follicle: implications for osteoclastogenesis and tooth eruption. Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118: 333–341. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 Eur J Oral Sci Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) is a key adaptor molecule in the interleukin (IL)‐1 and IL‐18 toll‐like receptor signaling pathways. Because MyD88 is present in dental follicle (DF) cells in vitro, the purpose of this study was to determine its chronological expression in vivo, as well as its possible role in osteoclastogenesis and tooth eruption. An oligo DNA microarray was used to determine expression of the Myd88 gene in vivo in the DFs from the first mandibular molars of postnatal rats from days 1 to 11. The results showed that MyD88 was expressed maximally on day 3. Using small interfering RNA (siRNA) to knock down MyD88 expression in the DF cells also reduced the expression of the nuclear factor‐kappa B‐1 (NFKB1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP‐1) genes. Interleukin‐1α up‐regulated the expression of NFKB1, MCP‐1, and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL), but knockdown of MyD88 nullified this IL‐1α effect. Conditioned medium from DF cells with MyD88 knocked down had reduced chemotactic activity for mononuclear cells and reduced osteoclastogenesis, as opposed to controls. In conclusion, the maximal expression of MyD88 in the DF of postnatal day 3 rats may contribute to the major burst of osteoclastogenesis needed for eruption by up‐regulating MCP‐1 and RANKL expression.
Influence of contamination on resin bond strength to nano‐structured alumina‐coated zirconia ceramic
Authors: Zhang Shanchuan , Kocjan Andraž , Lehmann Frank , Kosmač Tomaž , Kern Matthias 
Published: July 2010

Zhang S, Kocjan A, Lehmann F, Kosmač T, Kern M. Influence of contamination on resin bond strength to nano‐structured alumina‐coated zirconia ceramic. Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118: 396–403. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 Eur J Oral Sci The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of contamination and subsequent cleaning on the bond strength and durability of an adhesive resin to nano‐structured alumina‐coated zirconia ceramic. Zirconia ceramic disks were coated with nano‐structured alumina, utilizing the hydrolysis of aluminum nitride powder. After immersion in saliva or the use of a silicone disclosing agent, specimens were cleaned with phosphoric acid etching or with tap water rinsing only. Uncontaminated specimens served as controls. Plexiglas tubes filled with composite resin were bonded with a phosphate monomer [10‐methacryloxydecyl‐dihydrogenphosphate (MDP)]‐containing resin (Panavia 21). Subgroups of eight specimens each were stored in distilled water at 37°C, either for 3 d without thermal cycling (TC) or for 150 d with 37,500 thermal cycles from 5 to 55°C. The tensile bond strength (TBS) was determined using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 2 mm min−1. The topography of the debonded surface was scrutinized for fractographic features, utilizing both optical and scanning electron microscopy. The TBS to uncontaminated nano‐structured alumina‐coated zirconia ceramic was durable, while contamination significantly reduced the TBS. Phosphoric acid cleaning was effective in removal of saliva contamination from the coated bonding surface but was not effective in removal of the silicone disclosing agent. Nano‐structured alumina coating improves resin bonding to zirconia ceramic and eliminates the need for air‐abrasion before bonding.
Influence of power density and primer application on polymerization of dual‐cured resin cements monitored by ultrasonic measurement
Authors: Takubo Chikako , Yasuda Genta , Murayama Ryosuke , Ogura Yukari , Tonegawa Motoka , Kurokawa Hiroyasu , Miyazaki Masashi 
Published: July 2010

Takubo C, Yasuda G, Murayama R, Ogura Y, Tonegawa M, Kurokawa H, Miyazaki M. Influence of power density and primer application on polymerization of dual‐cured resin cements monitored by ultrasonic measurement. Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118: 417–422. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 Eur J Oral Sci We used ultrasonic measurements to monitor the influence of power density and primer application on the polymerization reaction of dual‐cured resin cements. The ultrasonic equipment comprised a pulser–receiver, transducers, and an oscilloscope. Resin cements were mixed and inserted into a transparent mould, and specimens were placed on the sample stage, onto which the primer, if used, was also applied. Power densities of 0 (no irradiation), 200, or 600 mW cm−2 were used for curing. The transit time through the cement disk was divided by the specimen thickness to obtain the longitudinal sound velocity. When resin cements were light‐irradiated, each curve displayed an initial plateau of ∼1,500 m s−1, which rapidly increased to a second plateau of 2,300–2,900 m s−1. The rate of sound velocity increase was retarded when the cements were light‐irradiated at lower power densities, and increased when the primer was applied. The polymerization behaviour of dual‐cured resin cements was therefore shown to be affected by the power density of the curing unit and the application of self‐etching primer.
Chlorhexidine increases the longevity of in vivo resin–dentin bonds
Authors: Ricci Hérica A. , Sanabe Mariane E. , De Souza Costa Carlos A. , Pashley David H. , Hebling Josimeri 
Published: July 2010

Ricci HA, Sanabe ME, de Souza Costa CA, Pashley DH, Hebling J. Chlorhexidine increases the longevity of in vivo resin–dentin bonds. Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118: 411–416. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 Eur J Oral SciThe aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanical stability of resin–dentin bonds produced in vivo in the presence of chlorhexidine. Children presenting at least one pair of contralateral primary molars with occlusal carious lesions were enrolled in the study. After cavity preparation and phosphoric acid etching, dentin was treated with 5 μl of either 2% chlorhexidine (control group) or deionized water (experimental group). Thirteen pairs of teeth were restored and were collected after physiological exfoliation. The periods in oral function after restoration were divided as follows: up to 30 d; and 1–5, 10–12, and 18–20 months. Beam‐shaped specimens (0.81 mm2) were obtained and subjected to microtensile bond‐strength testing. A significant decrease of the bond strength was observed in the control group starting at the 1–5 month period (30.6%), while in the experimental group this decrease started only after 10–12 months of function (26.3%). The use of chlorhexidine as an adjuvant to the adhesion to dentin did not produce any detrimental effect to the immediate bond strength and was capable of reducing the rate of resin–dentin bond degradation within the first few months after restoration.
Chemical aspects on dental hard tissues in primary teeth from preterm infants
Authors: Rythén Marianne , Sabel Nina , Dietz Wolfram , Robertson Agneta , Norén Jörgen G. 
Published: July 2010

Rythén M, Sabel N, Dietz W, Robertson A, Norén JG. Chemical aspects on dental hard tissues in primary teeth from preterm infants. Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118: 389–395. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 Eur J Oral Sci Preterm children with very low birth weight suffer from several neonatal and postnatal complications that may affect the mineralization of teeth. Clinical and morphological studies have shown enamel aberrations in teeth from preterm children. In this study, the chemical composition in enamel and dentin was compared in primary teeth from preterm children and full‐term children, and the relationship between the chemical composition and the morphological appearance was investigated. Enamel and dentin in 17 exfoliated primary teeth, from 14 children with a gestational age below 29 wk, were investigated and compared with 36 exfoliated primary teeth from full‐term children, using X‐ray microanalyses (XRMA). In comparison with the teeth from the controls, the teeth from preterm children had a higher relative value of carbon (C), a lower relative value of calcium (Ca), a lower ratio of calcium/phosphorus (Ca/P) and a lower ratio of Ca/C throughout the outer part of the enamel. In dentin, the relative values for P were higher, and Ca/P ratio was lower, at the dentin–pulp junction. The Ca/P ratio indicated normal hydroxyapatite in the crystals in enamel and dentin. The lower ratio of Ca/C in the bulk and outer part of the enamel indicated more porous enamel.
An atlas of prenatal development of the human orofacial region
Authors: Radlanski Ralf J. , Renz Herbert 
Published: July 2010

Radlanski RJ, Renz H. An atlas of prenatal development of the human orofacial region. Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118: 321–324. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 Eur J Oral Sci There are several atlases available showing prenatal human development. However, none is focused on prenatal orofacial development during maxillary and mandibular bone formation. These events, together with dental development and formation of the temporomandibular joint, take place during several fetal stages. While photographic atlases are limited to depicting the outer shape, and atlases based on histological sections only show a series of single sections, an atlas based on three‐dimensional reconstructions from serial sections can show both the outer skin and the structures underneath, which can be electronically dissected layer by layer. In this Focus article, we present our atlas on prenatal human orofacial development, which is accessible online at the Journal’s website.
Polymorphisms located in the region containing BHMT and BHMT2 genes as maternal protective factors for orofacial clefts
Authors: Mostowska Adrianna , Hozyasz Kamil K. , Biedziak Barbara , Misiak Jan , Jagodzinski Pawel P. 
Published: July 2010

Mostowska A, Hozyasz KK, Biedziak B, Misiak J, Jagodzinski PP. Polymorphisms located in the region containing
BHMT
and
BHMT2
genes as maternal protective factors for orofacial clefts. Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118: 325–332. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 Eur J Oral Sci Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NCL/P) is one of the most common craniofacial malformations; however, its aetiology is still unclear. Because the effects of maternal nutrition on fetal development are well known, we decided to pursue the question of whether polymorphic variants of genes encoding enzymes involved in choline metabolism might be associated with the maternal risk of having a baby with NCL/P. Analysis of 18 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of betaine‐homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT), betaine‐homocysteine methyltransferase‐2 (BHMT2), choline dehydrogenase (CHDH), choline kinase (CHKA), dimethylglycine dehydrogenase (DMGDH), choline‐phosphate cytidylyltransferase A (PCYT1A), and phosphatidylethanolamine N‐methyltransferase (PEMT) provided evidence that polymorphisms located in the region containing BHMT and BHMT2 were protective factors against NCL/P affected pregnancies in our population. The strongest signal was found for the SNP located in the intronic sequence of BHMT2. Women carrying two copies of the rs625879 T allele had a significantly decreased risk of having offspring with orofacial clefts. These results were significant, even after correction for multiple comparisons. Moreover, the gene–gene interaction analysis revealed a significant epistatic interaction of BHMT2 (rs673752), PEMT (rs12325817), and PCYT1A (rs712012) with maternal NCL/P susceptibility. Altogether, our study identified a novel gene, the nucleotide variants of which were be associated with a decreased risk of having a baby with NCL/P.
Age differences in fall‐related injury hospitalisations and trauma presentations
Authors: Mitchell Rebecca , Curtis Kate , Watson Wendy L , Nau Thomas 
Published: July 2010

Aim:  To examine fall‐related hospitalised morbidity in New South Wales (NSW) and to describe the pattern of fall‐related major trauma presentations at a Level 1 Trauma Centre in NSW for younger and older fallers.Methods:  Fall‐related injuries were identified in the NSW Admitted Patients Data Collection during 1 July 1999–30 June 2008 and the trauma registry of the NSW St George Public Hospital during 1 January 2006–6 December 2008.Results:  There were 434 138 hospitalisations and 862 fall‐related trauma presentations. Older fallers had a higher incidence of hospitalisation, being more likely to fall on the same level during general activities at home, injuring their hip or thigh. Older fallers were also more likely to have an Injury Severity Score > 9, undergo physiotherapy and stay in hospital for >1 day than younger fallers.Conclusion:  Falls, particularly for older individuals, are an important cause of serious injury, representing a considerable burden in terms of hospitalised morbidity.
Psychometric properties of the Caregiving Burden Scale for Family Caregivers with Relatives in Nursing Homes: Scale development
Authors: FUKAHORI Hiroki , YAMAMOTO‐MITANI Noriko , SUGIYAMA Tomoko , SUGAI Yuichi , KAI Ichiro 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAim:  Most family caregivers continue their caregiving for frail relatives after admitting them to long‐term care facilities. The characteristics of this caregiving differ from those related to caregiving in home‐care settings. Thus, a new tool to evaluate the burden of family caregivers in institutional settings is needed. The aim of this study was to develop a new scale, the Caregiving Burden Scale for Family Caregivers with Relatives in Nursing Homes, and to confirm its validity and reliability.Methods:  We conducted two cross‐sectional questionnaire surveys. The participants were a convenience sample of family members of residents in seven nursing homes for the validation study and in three nursing homes for the test‐retest study in Japan. Statistical analyses examined exploratory/confirmatory factor analyses, internal consistency, concurrent/discriminate validity, and test‐retest reliability.Results:  A four‐factor solution with 16 items was selected as the most interpretable questionnaire. In the confirmatory factor analysis, the indices of fitness highly supported these results. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the total score was 0.86 and varied between 0.77 and 0.87 in the four domains. The scale showed moderate correlation with the Nursing Home Hassles Scale, suggesting its concurrent validity. The four domains had only a medium correlation with each other, indicating discriminate validity.Conclusions:  The developed scale has acceptable validity and reliability for measuring the caregiving burden of family members with relatives in Japanese nursing homes. Future studies using the scale might lead to the improvement of care for family members with relatives in a long‐term care setting.
Interrelationship of Sildenafil Treatment Effects on the Physiological and Psychosocial Aspects of Erectile Dysfunction of Mixed or Organic Etiology
Authors: Althof Stanley E. , Berner Michael M. , Goldstein Irwin , Claes Hubert I.M. , Cappelleri Joseph C. , Bushmakin Andrew G. , Symonds Tara , Schnetzler Gabriel 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
In a previous paper using mediation modeling, the direct and indirect effects of sildenafil on erection maintenance were demonstrated.

Objective
In an extension of this previous work, the historical psychosocial paradigm of ED, which focuses on performance anxiety, is tested by using mediation modeling to define the relationship of the physiological aspects (hardness and maintenance) and the associated psychosocial aspects (confidence, sexual relationship satisfaction, and performance anxiety) of ED.

Methods
Statistical mediation analysis using the following outcomes from a double-blind placebo-controlled trial of fixed-dose sildenafil 100 mg or 50 mg: Erection Hardness Score; the 15-item International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), including item 4 (frequency of erection maintenance after penetration) and item 5 (difficulty of erection maintenance to intercourse completion); the Self-Esteem And Relationship questionnaire; and the question, “Do you feel anxious about your next attempt at sexual intercourse?”

Main Outcome Measures
Estimated percentages of direct and indirect effects of sildenafil on psychosocial aspects of ED (95% confidence intervals).

Results
The model estimated that erection hardness mediated 43.7% (29.3%, 62.4%) of the effect of treatment onto confidence and 45.9% (32.2%, 61.8%) of the effect of treatment onto sexual relationship satisfaction, and that erection maintenance (using IIEF item 4 as a proxy) mediated 23.0% (10.1%, 39.1%) and 22.4% (10.1%, 36.5%), respectively. Similar results were obtained when IIEF item 5 was used as the proxy for measurement of maintenance. Of all possible paths to performance anxiety, only that from treatment via confidence was statistically significant, mediating an estimated 88.6% (55.5%, 146.2%; item 4 model) or 74.9% (47.0%, 121.0%; item 5 model) of the effect of treatment onto anxiety. The direct path to anxiety from treatment was not statistically significant.

Conclusions
In men treated with sildenafil for ED, performance anxiety might be ameliorated by improved confidence. Improved confidence might be mainly mediated via increased erection hardness.
Priapus is Happier with Venus than with Bacchus
Authors: Boddi Valentina , Corona Giovanni , Monami Matteo , Fisher Alessandra Daphne , Bandini Elisa , Melani Cecilia , Balzi Daniela , Sforza Alessandra , Patussi Valentino , Forti Gianni , Mannucci Edoardo , Maggi Mario 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The relationship between alcohol consumption and erectile function is still not completely clarified.

Aim
Aims of the present study are to explore a number of biological and clinical correlates of alcohol consumption in a sample of men consulting for sexual dysfunction, and to verify possible associations with the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs).

Methods
A consecutive series of 1956 (mean age 55 ± 11.9 years old) attending our outpatient clinic for sexual dysfunction was retrospectively studied. A subset of the previous sample (N=1687) was enrolled in a longitudinal study.

Main Outcome Measures
Different clinical, biochemical, instrumental (penile Doppler ultrasound [PCDU]), and intrapsychic (Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire [MHQ]) were evaluated. We considered alcohol abuse more than three drinks per day.

Results
Among the patients studied 81% reported no or mild (&lt;4 drinks/day) alcohol consumption whereas 14.3% and 3.9% declared a moderate (4–6 drinks/day) or severe (&gt;6 drinks/day) alcohol abuse, respectively. After adjustment for confounders, both moderate or severe alcohol abuse was associated with low perceived partner’s sexual desire, worse couple relationship, and smoking abuse. Furthermore, moderate and severe alcohol abuse was associated with low prolactin and thyroid-stimulating hormone levels, as well as an increase in triglycerides and total cholesterol levels. Penile blood flow was reduced in moderate and severe alcohol drinkers even after adjustment for confounders. In the longitudinal study, after adjusting for confounding factors, any kind of alcohol abuse was independently associated with a higher incidence of MACE (hazard ratio=2.043 [1.059–3.943]; P &lt;0.0001).

Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate that, in subjects consulting for erectile dysfunction, severe alcohol consumption is associated with a worse sexual function and a higher incidence of MACE.
Female Sexual Function during Pregnancy and after Childbirth
Authors: Serati Maurizio , Salvatore Stefano , Siesto Gabriele , Cattoni Elena , Zanirato Mara , Khullar Vik , Cromi Antonella , Ghezzi Fabio , Bolis Pierfrancesco 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Healthy sexual function during pregnancy and after childbirth is one of the cornerstones for couples to evolve from partners to parents.

Aim
The aim of our review is to evaluate the available evidence and define present knowledge about female sexual function during pregnancy and after childbirth.

Methods
PubMed was searched for articles on sexual function during pregnancy and after childbirth, published from 1960 up to date. The most relevant articles have been reviewed and included.

Main Outcome Measures
The main outcome is the review of the effect of pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum on female sexuality.

Results
A total of 48 articles which specifically addressed this topic were included. Sexual function was found to have a significant global decline during pregnancy, particularly in the third trimester and this persisted for 3–6 months following delivery. The lack of adequate information about sex in pregnancy and concerns about the possible adverse obstetric outcomes are the most relevant factors responsible for the avoidance of sexual activity during pregnancy. Breast-feeding, dyspareunia, and postpartum pelvic floor dysfunction were reported as possible causes for the delay in resuming sexual intercourses after childbirth.

Conclusions
Couples should be informed about the decline of libido, desire and orgasm, commonly encountered during pregnancy, particularly in the last trimester, and puerperium which may lead to reduction in sexual intercourse frequency.
Biochemical Factors Modulating Female Genital Sexual Arousal Physiology
Authors: Traish Abdulmaged M. , Botchevar Ella , Kim Noel N. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTIntroductionFemale genital sexual arousal responses are complex neurophysiological processes consisting of central and peripheral components that occur following sexual stimulation. The peripheral responses in sexual arousal include genital vasocongestion, engorgement and lubrication resulting from a surge of vaginal and clitoral blood flow. These hemodynamic events are mediated by a host of neurotransmitters and vasoactive agents.AimTo discuss the role of various biochemical factors modulating female genital sexual arousal responses.MethodsA comprehensive literature review was conducted using the PubMed database and citations were selected, based on topical relevance, and examined for study methodology and major findings.Main Outcome MeasuresData from peer-reviewed publications.ResultsAdrenergic as well as non-adrenergic non-cholinergic neurotransmitters play an important role in regulating genital physiological responses by mediating vascular and non-vascular smooth muscle contractility. Vasoactive peptides and neuropeptides also modulate genital sexual responses by regulating vascular and non-vascular smooth muscle cells and epithelial function. The endocrine milieu, particularly sex steroid hormones, is critical in the maintenance of tissue structure and function. Reduced levels of estrogens and androgen are associated with dramatic alterations in genital tissue structure, including the nerve network, as well as the response to physiological modulators. Furthermore, estrogen and androgen deficiency is associated with reduced expression of sex steroid receptors and most importantly with attenuated genital blood flow and lubrication in response to pelvic nerve stimulation.ConclusionsThis article provides an integrated framework describing the physiological and molecular basis of various pathophysiological conditions associated with female genital sexual arousal dysfunction.