bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IJCM_399A: Assessment of Utilization of Kilkari Services among Antenatal Women in the field practice area of a Government Medical College in Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Krishna Padamata Pavana , Madhavi B. Devi , Harish K. 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Kilkari is an interactive voice response based mobile service which gives information about maternal and child health through pre recorded voice calls to registered mobile number of pregnant women during the critical period of pregnancy and lactation period i.e. 4th month to until the child is one year of age providing knowledge regarding various health care aspects for the mother and child. There is paucity of literature regarding utilization kilkari in the community and the current study is conducted to asses the awareness among antenatal women. and augment the awareness.

Objective:
1. To estimate the proportion of antenatal women aware of kilkari services. 2. To estimate the proportion of antenatal women utilizing kilkari services. 3. To identify the factors associated with non-utilization of kilkari services.

Methodology:
The current study is an observational cross-sectional study conducted in November 2023 among 100 antenatal women in field practice area of a Govt. Medical College. Data was collected by using semi structured questionnaire via google forms and analysis was done using Ms Excel 2007 and IBM SPSS 21. Prior approval was taken from Institutional Ethics Committee.

Results:
In the current study, 57.1% of antenatal women were aware of kilkari services and utilization of services was found among 44.8% of antenatal women. Factors associated with non-utilization of services were (65.5%) not aware of program, (55.2%) not informed by health team, (17.2%) no smart phone, (34.5%) call given but not connecting.

Conclusion:
There is a large gap in knowledge regarding kilakari among antenatal women for which education needs to be provided at gross root level in the community.
IJCM_413A: A cross sectional study to find out status of post exposure prophylaxis among animal bite cases in Raipur city Chhattisgarh.
Authors: Singh Ikshit , Verma Nirmal , Jaiswal Prashant 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Rabies is a viral zoonosis that occurs in more than 100 countries and territories Although a number of carnivores and bat species serve as natural reservoirs, rabies in dogs is the source of 99% human infections and poses a potential threat to more than 3.3 billion people. In humans, rabies is highly fatal once clinical symptoms have developed. According to the World Health Organization, human rabies can be prevented completely by proper post exposure prophylaxis. In India alone, 20,000 deaths (i.e., about 2/100,000 population at risk) and 2 million bites, mostly by dogs, are estimated to occur annually. India has 36% global and 65% Asian rabies burden in terms of cases. Local treatment of wounds is of maximal value when applied immediately after exposure (within minutes if possible). Animal experiments have shown that local wound treatment can reduce the chances of developing rabies by up to 80%.

Objectives:
To find out the status of post exposure prophylaxis and associated factors among animal bite cases in Raipur city Chhattisgarh.

Methodology:
Type of study: A community based cross sectional survey Conducted at: Raipur District. Duration of study: Over a period of 3 months (November 2023- January 2024). Study Subjects: General Population. Inclusion criteria: General population, Raipur. Exclusion Criteria: 1) Patients who do not give consent. 2)Unconscious Very ill patients or patients with Mental illness.

Results:
Total of 1124 participants 41 had animal bite, 63.41% were males and 36.59% were females. Among the biting animals 83% were dogs, while cats were 15% and 2% were monkeys. Out of 41 cases 90.24% had Category II bite while 9.75% had Category III bite. 33 out of 41 i.e. 80.48% victims took Anti Rabies vaccine, while rest 19.52% preferred treatment from traditional healer.

Conclusion:
Majority of animal bite were of dog bite and were classified under Category II. Improved awareness, forestalling animal rabies, and better access to affordable and potent human rabies vaccines are essential for the elimination of human rabies.
IJCM_414A: Perception and pattern of usage of M- learning among medical students studying in Mangalore
Authors: Rekha T , Singh Chandini , Jain Abhishek , Salim Shahin , Parashar Rishi 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Mobile learning (M- learning) is the process of using a mobile device to access and study learning materials and to communicate with fellow students, instructors, or institutions. It can be utilized by both medical students as well as doctors to enhance educational and workplace activities, with the potential to enhance overall patient care and knowledge. This study aims to find out the perception of medical students towards the usage of M- learning in medical education and to determine the patterns of usage of M-learning among medical students.

Methodology:
This cross-sectional study was conducted among 469 students of Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore. The data was collected using a self- administered questionnaire- consisting of 2 sections: 1) General information of study participants 2) Perception of the mobile learning applications and its advantages and disadvantages. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics were expressed in mean (±SD), medians and percentages. Appropriate statistical tests were applied, and results were interpreted. P value > 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
The survey reveals a significant level of awareness and utilization of medical apps among medical students of the study settings, with 97.9% aware of their existence and 69.9% using them for educational purposes. More than half (55%) prefer smartphones for M-learning, primarily for reference (47.8%) and handy features (49.0%). The majority (76.0%) believe these apps save time and enhance knowledge (73.2%), express interest in college- specific apps (75.1%) and promote M-learning within the curriculum (60.8%). However, about 57.0% of students disagree with the usage of these app by non-medical personnel.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrates that M-learning is common among medical students and that it is utilized to supplement and expand the substantial amount of medical information that students must learn and comprehend.
IJCM_423A: Mental Health Literacy for Depression and Schizophrenia among Undergraduate students
Authors: Mulareedharan Srishti , Toby Indu , Reshmi Bhageerathy 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Mental Health Literacy (MHL) arose as a facet of Health Literacy after it was understood that the concept of health went beyond the physiological or the physical aspect. Despite improvements in various health indicators in the last couple of decades, India still significantly contributes to the global burden of disease and mental illnesses.

Objective
This study aimed to examine the level of Mental Health Literacy in terms of diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and help-seeking behavior for Depression and Schizophrenia among Indian Undergraduate students and to compare the levels of Mental Health Literacy among males and females

Methodology:
The study used a cross-sectional design with snowball sampling across various educational institutions the participants 324 in number were undergraduate students aged between 18 and 23. All consenting participants were recruited for the study and Google forms consisting of case vignettes and questions that followed them were distributed using snowball sampling.

Results
Participants were able to diagnose depression but were poor at diagnosing Schizophrenia. Psychological therapy was rated as the most effective treatment for depression and psychological and drug therapy were rated as the most effective treatments for Schizophrenia. Higher prognosis ratings were given to Depression as compared to Schizophrenia. Females were more optimistic about the prognosis of both disorders as compared to males.

Conclusion:
Overall, participants demonstrated better Mental Health Literacy for depression as compared to schizophrenia, possibly due to the availability of internet resources.
IJCM_428A : Nurses’ Perception of Inter-Professional Cooperation in Hospital
Authors: Rekha T , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Mithra Prasanna , Kumar Nithin , Holla Ramesh 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Inter-professional cooperation between doctors and nurses is essential for efficient healthcare delivery. However, hierarchical structures and power imbalances often characterize their relationship. This study aims to assess nurses’ perceptions of their working relationships with doctors in hospital settings, considering factors such as communication, respect, and teamwork.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional study was conducted in three hospitals. A sample of 200 nursing staff participated, using a semi-structured questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS, focusing on factors influencing nurse-doctor relationships, including work experience, education level, and perceived conflicts.

Results:
The majority of nurses were relatively new to their profession (34.0%). Most worked in medical/surgical units (54.0%) and held diplomas (82.5%). The majority (87.5%) believed that doctors understood their responsibilities and respected their judgment. Many felt comfortable asking for advice from doctors (90.5%) and those who preferred consulting nurses first were 81.0%. While conflicts and harassment existed, most nurses (59.0%) reported never experiencing unprofessional dialogue. Majority of nurses (63.5%) don’t have knowledge regarding any specific policy dealing with disagreements. Staff shortages (72.0%) and dictation by doctors (48.0%) were common reasons for strained relationships.

Conclusion:
Overall, nurses expressed satisfaction with their relationships with doctors, with a majority considering them friendly. Factors such as interpersonal skills, mutual respect, and social interaction outside the hospital influenced these relationships. Hospital administrations should focus on fostering better communication, respect, and teamwork to improve inter-professional cooperation.
IJCM_44A: Analysis of Health System and Community Readiness for Adhering to Government Guidelines on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in India
Authors: Dhatrak Amey 
Published: April 2024

Background:
GDM affects approximately 7% of all pregnant women worldwide. India has one of the highest prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in the world. In a field study in Tamil Nadu, the prevalence of GDM was 17.8% in the urban, 13.8% in the semi urban and 9.9% in the rural areas. It is estimated that at any given time, approximately 4 million women in India are affected by GDM. Though there is availability of national guidelines, screening and management of GDM is challenging and controversial in India due to conflicting guidelines and treatment protocol. There are huge challenges in GDM management both at the individual and provider level.

Objective:
To understand the challenges and possible solutions for successfully implementing the GDM program

Methodology:
Data were collected from both public and private health facilities in two districts of Maharashtra. Self-administered questionnaire, IDIs and FGDs were conducted with medical officers and staff of PHCs, RH, SDH and District Hospital. Thematic analysis was done.

Results:
There were lack of training to Staff and Doctor of the government and private health system regarding GDM guidelines. Infrastructure was lacking for conducting the OGTT. Staff were not willing to conduct OGT and MNT(Medical nutrition therapy) on regular basis.

Conclusion:
Improvement in infrastructure, manpower and training of the staff is needed. Training in OGTT and MNT is must for the filed staff. More involvement of private players is needed for better implementation of GoI guidleines.
IJCM_46A: Attendance in Anganwadi centres through Anganwadi workers’ lens: A Force Field Analysis in Urban slum
Authors: Raul Mayuri 
Published: April 2024

Background:
The NFHS-5 found that 35.5% (Urban areas-30%) of children under five years were stunted and 32.1% were overweight (1). ICDS being a centrally sponsored scheme, is functioning nationwide in tribal, rural and urban slums; with a potential to improve nutritional outcome as well as overall development of the child. Children dwelling in urban slums are at a higher risk of being undernourished. As per the NFHS 2015-16 survey, only 40.2% of children from urban areas are receiving ICDS services. The anganwadi workers(AWW) identify and encourage the beneficiaries to attend anganwadi regularly and avail the services.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to understand the reasons for a lower enrolment of children in anganwadi.

Methodology:
The study was conducted in an urban slum in Mumbai with a population of 1.2lakh. We conducted force field analysis among the AWWs in 3 groups of 6-7 each. The factors mentioned in individual sheets and those represented in diagram were analysed manually.

Results:
The force field analysis revealed that the motivating factors for attending anganwadi regularly were closer distance from home, attractive toys/activities, special food on certain days, interactive teachers, meeting friends, siblings going to school. On the contrary, reasons for poor/nil attendance were infrastructural challenges like restricted space, no water and electricity, rented anganwadis; availability of private/municipality preschools nearby; working parents; ration made available at doorsteps during COVID and disinterest in the variety of food provided.

Conclusion:
Need-based revamping of Anganwadis in urban slums is needed to improve the attendance of children and in turn ensure good nutrition and development of children in slums.
IJCM_49A: Mortality trends of road traffic accidents due to human errors in Chhattisgarh and India (2016-2022)
Authors: Sagar K S , Shukla Arvind K , Galhotra Abhiruchi 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Road safety continues to be a major developmental issue, a public health concern and a leading cause of death and injury affecting not only the victims and their family but also the economy as a whole in terms of untimely deaths, disabilities and loss of potential income. India ranks 2nd in the number of road accidents and 1st in mortality due to RTA in the world. Road accidents are multi-causal due to interplay of various factors. These can be broadly categorized into those relating to (a) Human error (b) Road condition/ environment (c) Vehicle condition. Human errors for RTA include non-compliance to traffic rules and not using helmets and seatbelts, resulting in mortalities which can be mitigated by proper education, adherence and implementation of traffic rules.

Objective:
To analyze the mortality trends due to RTA by human errors in Chhattisgarh and India 2016-2022

Methodology:
The RTA mortality statistics were retrieved from the Road accidents in India report published annually by the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways. A literature search was done in electronic databases like-PubMed, Google Scholar, other platforms using keywords- RTA mortality, Distracted driving

Results:
From 2016 to 2022, both Chhattisgarh and India experienced a steady rise in fatalities, peaking in 2022 due to overspeeding and helmet non-compliance. In 2019, India saw its peak in fatalities from alcohol-related driving, mobile use, and signal jumping, followed by a decline. Chhattisgarh experienced the highest signal jumping fatalities in 2017 and alcohol-relatedriving deaths in 2018 compared to other years

Conclusion:
The study reveals a decrease in road traffic accident fatalities caused by certain human errors post-2019, credited to the adoption of the Motor Vehicle Amendment Act 2019. Boosting public awareness and establishing robust surveillance measures are imperative in curbing fatalities caused by road traffic accidents (RTAs)
IJCM_62A: Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Urinary Tract Infection among adolescent females in a rural field practice area of a city.
Authors: Naaz Erum , Inamdar I F , Gadekar R D , Gattani P L , Ali Asim SK , Maidapwad S L , Chavan Shankarrao 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Urinary Tract Infection is very common in females of adolescent age group. In rural areas there is little knowledge about hygiene practices among adolescent girls which leads to urinary tract infections.

Objective:
To assess the knowledge of urinary tract infection among adolescent females in a rural field practice area of a city.

Methodology:
A KAP study was done on 287 female girls of adolescent age group between the age of 10-19 years of a village in a rural field practice area by non-probability purposive sampling. A pre-designed structured questionnaire was prepared to obtain the demographic profile, symptoms, treatment history and hygiene practices.

Results:
The current study finding revealed that the Mean ± SD of age of study participants was 16.05± 3.53, age range 11- 21, out of which 143(61.3%) of study participants had poor knowledge score regarding Urinary Tract Infection, 116 (49.7%) had good attitude while 227 (97.4%) of studied adolescent females had unsatisfactory self-care practice regarding prevention of Urinary Tract Infection.

Conclusion:
Our study showed that 39.9% of our study participants had UTI, hence there is a greater need for awareness programs for females to have adequate knowledge, attitude and practices to prevent any complicated urinary tract infections later on.
IJCM_65A: Prevalence and severity of anemia and its association with age and gender in patients attending rural health clinic in Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh: A retrospective study.
Authors: Mitra Chandramouli , Urfi  , Nawab Tabassum , Eram Uzma , Mehnaz Saira , Hashmi Syed Sohaib 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Anemia is major public health concern and mainly affects young children, pregnant and postpartum women, and menstruating adolescent girls and women. As reported by WHO, 40% of all children aged 6–59 months, 37% of pregnant women and 30% of women 15–49 years of age are affected by anemia globally. The situation is even worse in India with the prevalence being 67%, 52.2% and 57% respectively, as reported by NFHS-V.

Objective:
To estimate prevalence of anemia and its severity stratified by age and gender in patients attending Rural Health Training Centre (RHTC), Jawan, Aligarh.

Methodology:
A retrospective observational study using routine clinical data of 402 patients attending general OPD of RHTC from January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2022 was performed. Pregnant females and patients who had more than one determination of hemoglobin during the study period were excluded from the study. Anemia was defined according to WHO criteria. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.0., descriptive statistics and Chi Square test were applied. P value

Results:
40.5% of patients were males while 59.5% were females. The overall prevalence of anemia was found to be 93.3%. Anemia was most prevalent in children <5 years (95.7%). Females had significantly higher prevalence of anemia (97.4%) as compared to males (86.3%). (p<0.001)

Conclusion:
Prevalence of anemia was found to be very high in patients attending Rural Health Clinic. Targeted interventions like screening programmes, iron and folic acid supplementation and health education should be strengthened for decreasing prevalence of anemia especially in women and young children.
IJCM_67A: Unmet need for family planning and the factors affecting it in rural area of Udupi district, Karnataka
Authors: Jay Ratna , Kini Sanjay , Alok Yash , Kunder Manjula Anil 
Published: April 2024

Background:
The world population is expected to increase from 8 billion currently to 9.7 billion in 2050. China (1.4 billion) and India (1.4 billion) remain the two most populous countries of the world representing 18 percent of the world’s population respectively. Unmet need for contraception and unintended pregnancy are important public health concerns for India in this context.

Objectives:
1. To estimate the prevalence of unmet need for family planning among eligible couples. 2. To assess the knowledge and attitude towards contraceptive usage among the eligible couples

Methodology:
After obtaining the approval of institutional ethics committee, a cross sectional study was conducted in Shirva, a rural area of Udupi district, Karnataka. List of eligible couples residing in areas coming under the sub centres of CHC Shirva which is a field practice area of the Department of Community Medicine, KMC, Manipal was obtained. Married women of the age group 18-49 years who are were included in the study. Data was collected by personal interviews using a semi structured, pre -designed, pre-tested questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 26. Regression analyses was performed to find out the independent effect of various factors.

Results:
From the preliminary analysis of 539 participants, the unmet need for family planning was found to be 43.4%. The mean age was found to be 33.68 with a standard deviation of 6.27. The mean age at marriage and the mean age at birth of first child were found to be 22.40 and 22.97 respectively. Most of participants belonged to Hindu religion (57%), followed by Muslims (38.2%) and Christians (4.6%). 36.7% were educated up to secondary school and 21.3% up to graduation and above.

Conclusion:
From this study, the unmet need for family planning was found to be high.
IJCM_69A: Attitudes and perceptions among undergraduate students towards psychiatry and psychiatric illness in a medical college in Mangalore, India
Authors: Ashwini M.V , Krishnapriya R , Mitashi S , Akanksha C , Avanthi S , Kumar Nithin , Rekha T , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Mithra Prasanna , Holla Ramesh 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Mental illness poses a significant global health burden, with negative attitudes towards mental illness contributing to treatment gaps and disparities in care. Understanding the attitudes and perceptions of medical students towards psychiatry and psychiatric illness is crucial for addressing these challenges. This study aimed to assess attitudes and perceptions among undergraduate medical students in an Indian medical college, particularly focusing on the impact of clinical exposure to psychiatry.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 440 MBBS undergraduate students using a composite questionnaire comprising sections on demographics, attitudes towards mental illness and psychiatry, perceived need for mental health support, perceptions of treatment effectiveness, and interest in pursuing psychiatry. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 29.

Results:
Overall, students exhibited a negative attitude towards mental illness based on the Opinion of Mental Illness (OMI) scale, particularly in factors such as Authoritarianism, Benevolence, and Interpersonal Aetiology. However, exposure to clinical psychiatry postings led to a significant improvement in attitudes. Despite positive attitudes towards psychiatry as a specialty, attitudes towards its inclusion in the curriculum were less positive after clinical exposure. There was significant support for peer counselling among students.

Conclusion:
The study highlights the importance of clinical exposure in shaping attitudes towards psychiatry among medical students. Efforts should be made to address negative perceptions and enhance the integration of psychiatry in undergraduate medical education. The potential for peer counselling also signifies a need for supportive mental health services within medical colleges. Addressing these issues is essential for fostering a more positive attitude towards mental illness and psychiatry among future physicians.