bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of image-recognition techniques to automated micronucleus detection in the in vitro micronucleus assay
Authors: Yoda Hiromi , Abe Kazuya , Takeo Hideya , Takamura-Enya Takeji , Koike-Takeshita Ayumi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
An in vitro micronucleus assay is a standard genotoxicity test. Although the technique and interpretation of the results are simple, manual counting of the total and micronucleus-containing cells in a microscopic field is tedious. To address this issue, several systems have been developed for quick and efficient micronucleus counting, including flow cytometry and automated detection based on specialized software and detection systems that analyze images.

Results
Here, we present a simple and effective method for automated micronucleus counting using image recognition technology. Our process involves separating the RGB channels in a color micrograph of cells stained with acridine orange. The cell nuclei and micronuclei were detected by scaling the G image, whereas the cytoplasm was recognized from a composite image of the R and G images. Finally, we identified cells with overlapping cytoplasm and micronuclei as micronucleated cells, and the application displayed the number of micronucleated cells and the total number of cells. Our method yielded results that were comparable to manually measured values.

Conclusions
Our micronucleus detection (MN/cell detection software) system can accurately detect the total number of cells and micronucleus-forming cells in microscopic images with the same level of precision as achieved through manual counting. The accuracy of micronucleus numbers depends on the cell staining conditions; however, the software has options by which users can easily manually optimize parameters such as threshold, denoise, and binary to achieve the best results. The optimization process is easy to handle and requires less effort, making it an efficient way to obtain accurate results.
A Rare Prolactin-secreting Pituitary Carcinoma With Epidural and Thecal Metastases
Authors: Liu Anna , Van Uum Stan , Lee Donald , Hammond Robert R , Ezzat Shereen , Clemens Kristin K 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Pituitary carcinomas are rare but associated with significant morbidity and mortality. They remain challenging to diagnose and manage. In this case, we describe a 56-year-old man who presented with erectile dysfunction and binocular vertical diplopia. He had central hypogonadism, secondary adrenal insufficiency, and central hypothyroidism on biochemical testing. His serum prolactin was 1517 mcg/L (1517 ng/mL; reference range 4-15 mcg/L), and his sellar magnetic resonance imaging showed a 2.0 × 2.2 × 3.1 cm pituitary tumor. Pathology revealed a prolactin-secreting carcinoma. Despite treatment with a high-dose dopaminergic, 2 transsphenoidal resections, and 1 course of radiation, prolactin levels continued to rise. He developed metastases to the epidural space and thecal sac from the thoracic to sacral spine, for which he received 12 cycles of temozolomide chemotherapy with initial clinical and biochemical response. This was followed by disease escape and progression. We discuss the clinical and imaging features that warrant a high index of suspicion for pituitary carcinoma and review contemporary treatment.
SRRM2 splicing factor modulates cell fate in early development
Authors: Carvalho Silvia , Zea-Redondo Luna , Tang Tsz Ching Chloe , Stachel-Braum Philipp , Miller Duncan , Caldas Paulo , Kukalev Alexander , Diecke Sebastian , Grosswendt Stefanie , Grosso Ana Rita , Pombo Ana 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
Embryo development is an orchestrated process that relies on tight regulation of gene expression to guide cell differentiation and fate decisions. The Srrm2 splicing factor has recently been implicated in developmental disorders and diseases, but its role in early mammalian development remains unexplored. Here, we show that Srrm2 dosage is critical for maintaining embryonic stem cell pluripotency and cell identity. Srrm2 heterozygosity promotes loss of stemness, characterised by the coexistence of cells expressing naive and formative pluripotency markers, together with extensive changes in gene expression, including genes regulated by serum-response transcription factor (SRF) and differentiation-related genes. Depletion of Srrm2 by RNA interference in embryonic stem cells shows that the earliest effects of Srrm2 heterozygosity are specific alternative splicing events on a small number of genes, followed by expression changes in metabolism and differentiation-related genes. Our findings unveil molecular and cellular roles of Srrm2 in stemness and lineage commitment, shedding light on the roles of splicing regulators in early embryogenesis, developmental diseases and tumorigenesis.
Foxg1 bimodally tunes L1-mRNA and -DNA dynamics in the developing murine neocortex
Authors: Liuzzi Gabriele , Artimagnella Osvaldo , Frisari Simone , Mallamaci Antonello 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
Foxg1 masters telencephalic development via a pleiotropic control over its progression. Expressed within the central nervous system (CNS), L1 retrotransposons are implicated in progression of its histogenesis and tuning of its genomic plasticity. Foxg1 represses gene transcription, and L1 elements share putative Foxg1-binding motifs, suggesting the former might limit telencephalic expression (and activity) of the latter. We tested such a prediction, in vivo as well as in engineered primary neural cultures, using loss- and gain-of-function approaches. We found that Foxg1-dependent, transcriptional L1 repression specifically occurs in neopallial neuronogenic progenitors and post-mitotic neurons, where it is supported by specific changes in the L1 epigenetic landscape. Unexpectedly, we discovered that Foxg1 physically interacts with L1-mRNA and positively regulates neonatal neopallium L1-DNA content, antagonizing the retrotranscription-suppressing activity exerted by Mov10 and Ddx39a helicases. To the best of our knowledge, Foxg1 represents the first CNS patterning gene acting as a bimodal retrotransposon modulator, limiting transcription of L1 elements and promoting their amplification, within a specific domain of the developing mouse brain.
Taurine activates the AKT–mTOR axis to restore muscle mass and contractile strength in human 3D in vitro models of steroid myopathy
Authors: Mughal Sheeza , Sabater-Arcis Maria , Artero Ruben , Ramón-Azcón Javier , Fernández-Costa Juan M. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
Steroid myopathy is a clinically challenging condition exacerbated by prolonged corticosteroid use or adrenal tumors. In this study, we engineered a functional three-dimensional (3D) in vitro skeletal muscle model to investigate steroid myopathy. By subjecting our bioengineered muscle tissues to dexamethasone treatment, we reproduced the molecular and functional aspects of this disease. Dexamethasone caused a substantial reduction in muscle force, myotube diameter and induced fatigue. We observed nuclear translocation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GCR) and activation of the ubiquitin–proteasome system within our model, suggesting their coordinated role in muscle atrophy. We then examined the therapeutic potential of taurine in our 3D model for steroid myopathy. Our findings revealed an upregulation of phosphorylated AKT by taurine, effectively countering the hyperactivation of the ubiquitin–proteasomal pathway. Importantly, we demonstrate that discontinuing corticosteroid treatment was insufficient to restore muscle mass and function. Taurine treatment, when administered concurrently with corticosteroids, notably enhanced contractile strength and protein turnover by upregulating the AKT–mTOR axis. Our model not only identifies a promising therapeutic target, but also suggests combinatorial treatment that may benefit individuals undergoing corticosteroid treatment or those diagnosed with adrenal tumors.
Online Advertisement Allocation Under Customer Choices and Algorithmic Fairness
Authors: Li Xiaolong , Rong Ying , Zhang Renyu , Zheng Huan 
Published: April 2024

Advertising is a crucial revenue source for e-commerce platforms and a vital online marketing tool for their sellers. In this paper, we explore dynamic ad allocation with limited slots upon each customer’s arrival for an e-commerce platform, where customers follow a choice model when clicking the ads. Motivated by the recent advocacy for the algorithmic fairness of online ad delivery, we adjust the value from advertising by a general fairness metric evaluated with the click-throughs of different ads and customer types. The original online ad-allocation problem is intractable, so we propose a novel stochastic program framework (called two-stage target-debt) that first decides the click-through targets and then devises an ad-allocation policy to satisfy these targets in the second stage. We show the asymptotic equivalence between the original problem, the relaxed click-through target optimization, and the fluid-approximation ( Fluid ) convex program. We also design a debt-weighted offer-set algorithm and demonstrate that, as long as the problem size scales to infinity, this algorithm is (asymptotically) optimal under the optimal first-stage click-through target. Compared with the Fluid heuristic and its resolving variants, our approach has better scalability and can deplete the ad budgets more smoothly throughout the horizon, which is highly desirable for the online advertising business in practice. Finally, our proposed model and algorithm help substantially improve the fairness of ad allocation for an online e-commerce platform without significantly compromising efficiency. This paper was accepted by Jeannette Song, operations management. Funding: Y. Rong is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 72025201, 72331006, and 72221001]. R. Zhang is grateful for the financial support from the Hong Kong Research Grants Council General Research Fund [Grants 14502722 and 14504123] and the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 72293560 and 72293565]. H. Zheng is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 72231003, 72325003, and 72221001]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.04091 .
Magnetic resonance imaging findings of radiation-induced breast angiosarcoma: A case report
Authors: Wu Wen-Pei , Lee Chih-Wei 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND
Breast conservation surgery (BCS) with adjuvant radiotherapy has become a gold standard in the treatment of early-stage breast cancer, significantly reducing the risk of tumor recurrence. However, this treatment is associated with adverse effects, including the rare but aggressive radiation-induced angiosarcoma (RIAS). Despite its rarity and nonspecific initial presentation, RIAS presents a challenging diagnosis, emphasizing the importance of imaging techniques for early detection and accurate diagnosis.
CASE SUMMARY
We present a case of a 48-year-old post-menopausal woman who developed skin ecchymosis on the right breast seven years after receiving BCS and adjuvant radiotherapy for breast cancer. Initial mammography and ultrasound were inconclusive, showing post-treatment changes but failing to identify the underlying angiosarcoma. Contrast-enhanced breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed diffuse skin thickening and nodularity with distinctive enhancement kinetics, leading to the diagnosis of RIAS. This case highlights the crucial role of MRI in diagnosing and determining the extent of RIAS, facilitating timely and appropriate surgical intervention.
CONCLUSION
Breast MRI is crucial for detecting RIAS, especially when mammography and ultrasound are inconclusive.
Comfort food concepts and contexts in which they are used: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Pereira Juliana Miranda , Guedes Melo Rute , de Souza Medeiros Joyanne , Queiroz de Medeiros Anna Cecília , de Araújo Lopes Fívia ,   on behalf of Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte
Published: April 2024

Objective
The objectives of this study are to clarify the scientific definition of comfort food, identify which methodologies are being used in research on this topic and which factors are associated with the consumption of comfort food.

Introduction
The consumption of comfort foods is subjective and influenced by individual experiences, as they are known and appreciated by the person. However, divergences about the definition of comfort food in the scientific literature reflect the heterogeneity of the methods used in the research, and consequently identification of possible factors associated with the consumption of this type of food, which can influence the knowledge about the consumption of these foods and their potential effects on the health of those who consume them.

Inclusion criteria
Works with a qualitative and quantitative approach published in full in indexed sources or in gray literature, available online in the databases consulted, without restriction on language or year of publication will be included.

Methods
The protocol was built based on the methodological recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) for scoping reviews and the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The Participants, Concept and Context (PCC) mnemonic strategy was built: general population, comfort food concept and world context. Based on this, search strategies were developed for different databases. Instruments were also developed for recording documents, extracting data, justifying the exclusion of documents and not obtaining access to content. A Pilot Study was conducted to test the developed methodology and instruments. The protocol has been registered with the Open Science Framework (OSF) (https://osf.io/gnza4/). The results will be presented in the review resulting from this protocol in three ways: accounting of the documents will be recorded in a PRISMA Flow Diagram, the main information of the studies and their frequencies will be presented in a table, and the union of these outcomes will be presented visually in a Graphical Abstract.
Effects of a dietary intervention on cardiometabolic risk and food consumption in a workplace
Authors: Shrestha Archana , Tamrakar Dipesh , Ghinanju Bhawana , Shrestha Deepa , Khadka Parashar , Adhikari Bikram , Shrestha Jayana , Waiwa Suruchi , Pyakurel Prajjwal , Bhandari Niroj , Karmacharya Biraj Man , Shrestha Akina , Shrestha Rajeev , Bhatta Rajendra Dev , Malik Vasanti , Mattei Josiemer , Spiegelman Donna 
Published: April 2024

Background
Worksite-based health programs have shown positive impacts on employee health and have led to significant improvements in cardiovascular risk factor profiles. We aimed to determine the effect of cafeteria intervention on cardio-metabolic risk factors diet in a worksite setting (Dhulikhel Hospital) in Nepal.

Methods
In this one-arm pre-post intervention study, we recruited 277 non-pregnant hospital employees aged 18–60 with prediabetes or pre-hypertension. The study was registered in clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03447340; 2018/02/27). All four cafeterias in the hospital premises received cafeteria intervention encouraging healthy foods and discouraging unhealthy foods for six months. We measured blood pressure, fasting glucose level, glycated hemoglobin, cholesterol in the laboratory, and diet intake (in servings per week) using 24-hour recall before and six months after the intervention. The before and after measures were compared using paired-t tests.

Results
After six months of cafeteria intervention, the median consumption of whole grains, mono/polyunsaturated fat, fruits, vegetable and nuts servings per week increased by 2.24(p<0.001), 2.88(p<0.001), 0.84(p<0.001) 2.25(p<0.001) and nuts 0.55 (p<0.001) servings per week respectively. The median consumption of refined grains decreased by 5.07 servings per week (p<0.001). Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased by 2 mmHg (SE = 0.6; p = 0.003) and 0.1 mmHg (SE = 0.6; p = 0.008), respectively. The low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was significantly reduced by 6 mg/dL (SE = 1.4; p<0.001).

Conclusion
Overall, we found a decrease in consumption of refined grains and an increase in consumption of whole grains, unsaturated fats, fruits, and nuts observed a modest reduction in blood pressure and LDL cholesterol following a 6-month cafeteria-based worksite intervention incorporating access to healthy foods.
The impact of diabetes on physical and mental health status and patient satisfaction after total hip and knee arthroplasty
Authors: Power J. Denise , Trifoi Flaviu , Canizares Mayilee , Perruccio Anthony V. , Shanmugaraj Ajaykumar , Gandhi Rajiv , Davey J. Roderick , Syed Khalid , Mahomed Nizar N. , Veillette Christian , Rampersaud Y. Raja 
Published: April 2024

Objective
To assess the impact of diabetes on physical and mental health status, as well as patient satisfaction, one-year following knee and hip total joint arthroplasty (TJA) for osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods
Participants were 626 hip and 754 knee TJA patients. Pre-surgery data were collected on socio-demographics and health status. The 12-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) was collected pre- and one year post-surgery, and physical (PCS) and mental component (MCS) summary scores computed. One-year patient satisfaction was also recorded. Four regression models tested the effect of diabetes on: 1) PCS change score; 2) MCS change score; 3) achieving minimal clinically important improvement (MCII) on PCS; and 4) patient satisfaction (‘Somewhat or Very Satisfied’ vs. ‘Somewhat or Very Dissatisfied’). An interaction between surgical joint and diabetes was tested in each model.

Results
Self-reported diabetes prevalence was 13.0% (95% CI: 11.2%-14.7%) and was more common in knee 16.1% (95% CI: 13.4%-18.7%) than hip 9.3% (95% CI: 7.0%-11.5%) patients. In adjusted analyses, change scores were 2.3 units less on the PCS for those with diabetes compared to those without (p = 0.005). Patients with diabetes were about half as likely to achieve MCII as patients without diabetes (p = 0.004). Diabetes was not significantly associated with satisfaction or changes in MCS scores. Diabetes effects did not differ by surgical joint.

Conclusions
Findings support that diabetes has a negative impact on improvements in physical health after TJA. Considering the growing prevalence of OA and diabetes in the population, our findings support the importance of perioperative screening and management of diabetes in patients undergoing TJA.
ensino sobre o Cerrado:
Authors: Ferreira da Silva Bruno , Lopes Ferreira Gustavo 
Published: April 2024

O trabalho destina-se a analisar os livros de Ciências da Natureza aprovados pelo PNLD no ciclo 2021-2023 e entender como os conteúdos relacionados ao bioma Cerrado são apresentados em tais materiais após a reforma do ensino médio e a adequação às diretrizes da BNCC. Além de perceber como essa nova configuração do ensino médio influencia na educação significativa dos alunos. A partir da abordagem usada para tratar sobre o bioma Cerrado em tais livros, é possível entender que há ainda uma discrepância entre o que se propõe contemplar como habilidades e competências da BNCC e os conteúdos apresentados nos livros. Verificou-se que há uma supressão dos conteúdos em decorrência da nova carga horária, que impacta diretamente no aprendizado dos alunos e seu desempenho em avaliações e vestibulares.
Padrão Espacial de Ocorrência de Plantação de Mandioca na Amazônia Brasileira: a Região Oeste do Estado do Pará
Authors: Pacheco Flávia Domingos , Escada Maria Isabel Sobral , Souza Anielli Rosane de 
Published: April 2024

Os principais sistemas de monitoramento do uso e cobertura da terra no Brasil não distinguem a agricultura de pequena escala, categoria que inclui áreas de plantação de mandioca na Amazônia. Gerar informações sobre a distribuição espacial desses sistemas historicamente invisibilizados é fundamental para o desenvolvimento de políticas que visem fortalecer essa economia. O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar áreas potenciais de ocorrência de plantação de mandioca em municípios do Oeste do Pará, com o uso de técnica de inferência geográfica fuzzy. A área de estudo corresponde aos municípios de Aveiro, Belterra, Santarém e Mojuí dos Campos. Foram utilizadas variáveis associadas a áreas de plantação de mandioca: proporção de área de vegetação secundária e de mosaicos de ocupação, proximidade de vilas e corpos d’água, presença de unidades de conservação de uso sustentável (UCUS) e de projetos de assentamento (PA). As variáveis foram inseridas em uma grade regular de células de 2 x 2 km e combinadas por meio do operador espacial fuzzy gamma. Os resultados indicaram um acerto de 70% na classificação de áreas de médio e alto potencial de ocorrência de plantação de mandioca. Essas áreas estão mais presentes no município de Santarém (58 – 81%), seguido por Mojuí dos Campos (11 – 14%), Aveiro (9 – 14%) e Belterra (9 – 10%). As áreas de plantação de mandioca concentram-se em áreas ribeirinhas. Nessas áreas também se localiza a maior parte das UCUS e dos PA. Esse método se mostrou robusto e pode ser replicado em períodos intracensitarios, apoiando a compreensão sobre a dinâmica e a distribuição espacial, importantes para políticas públicas.
The Electoral College’s Impact on Presidential Mandates and Agendas
Authors: Ahmed Bilal 
Published: April 2024

The Electoral College is the method used in every four years to elect the President of the United States. Given that the Electoral College gives the power to elect the president to state-casted votes, the system has in recent years become a source of growing controversy given how two presidents, George Bush in 2000 and Donald Trump in 2016, without winning the national popular vote. These elections and the public discourse around them have brought new life to the purpose and impacts of the Electoral College.
This paper uses key presidential elections, including those of John Quincy Adams, Andrew Jackson, Benjamin Harrison, Woodrow Wilson, Donald Trump, and Joe Biden, give insight on how the Electoral College should now be understood. In particular, this paper examines the implications of the Electoral College on one fundamental question: Does election to the presidency via the Electoral College route fundamentally affect the ability of a president to govern effectively?
Examining these elections, the context around and impact after these elections, and modern United States political history shows that when the Electoral College is not an extraordinary or exceptionally notable part of an election cycle, the Electoral College does not fundamentally affect the president’s ability to command public and political support required to effectively govern. However, when the Electoral College does become a point of focus during a presidential election and in the beginning of a president’s term, it has wide-ranging impacts. In particular, the College can shape the political and public mandate the president has to lead, shaping their overall agenda for their time in office; cause biases to arise towards certain states and conservative politics; and undermine their ability to serve as a unifying figure. With each modern election having an increased focus on the Electoral College, the system is likely to cause increased polarization and tension with each passing election if serious reforms are not undertaken.