bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the relationship between cultural ecosystem services and human well-being of Qiandao Lake in China: insights from tourists and residents
Authors: Wang Jie , Wang Kuan , Li Shuangjin , Song Huiyong , Ma Shuang , Han Weiwu , Pang Di 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Landscapes of lakes have a significant impact on people’s perceptions of Cultural Ecosystem Services (CES), as well as on their overall sense of well-being. However, there is limited understanding of how best to manage land landscapes and how different approaches influence these perceptions. To explore these questions, a case study of China’s Qiandao Lake was conducted, using a survey of 416 tourists and residents based on the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) framework. The relationship between CES and Human Well-Being (HWB) was examined using Structural equation Modeling (SEM), followed by the application of the Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) method to identify which aspects should be targeted in management strategies. The results revealed several key findings. Firstly, there were significant differences in satisfaction with CES between tourists and residents. Tourists showed higher satisfaction levels in spiritual service, aesthetic service, inspiration, and education and science aspects. In contrast, residents prioritized cultural heritage and sense of place, indicating a deeper connection to the cultural and historical elements of their environment. Secondly, age, education, and income levels played important roles in shaping perceptions of CES. Thirdly, the study underscored the impact of CES on HWB, with aesthetic service having the greatest influence on tourists’ HWB, and spiritual service having the most impact on residents’ HWB. Lastly, using the IPA model, indicators with low satisfaction but high importance were identified, suggesting areas for improvement, particularly in cultural integration and unique environmental features. These research findings provide scientific and theoretical support for the management and landscape planning of lake ecosystems.
Impact of nuclear effects on the ultrafast dynamics of an organic/inorganic mixed-dimensional interface
Authors: Jacobs Matheus , Fidanyan Karen , Rossi Mariana , Cocchi Caterina 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Electron dynamics at weakly bound interfaces of organic/inorganic materials are easily influenced by large-amplitude nuclear motion. In this work, we investigate the effects of different approximations to the equilibrium nuclear distributions on the ultrafast charge-carrier dynamics of a laser-excited hybrid organic/inorganic interface. By considering a prototypical system consisting of pyrene physisorbed on a MoSe2 monolayer, we analyze linear absorption spectra, electronic density currents, and charge-transfer dynamics induced by a femtosecond pulse in resonance with the frontier-orbital transition in the molecule. The calculations are based on ab initio molecular dynamics with classical and quantum thermostats, followed by time-dependent density-functional theory coupled to multi-trajectory Ehrenfest dynamics. We impinge the system with a femtosecond (fs) pulse of a few hundred GW cm−2 intensity and propagate it for 100 fs. We find that the optical spectrum is insensitive to different nuclear distributions in the energy range dominated by the excitations localized on the monolayer. The pyrene resonance, in contrast, shows a small blue shift at finite temperatures, hinting at an electron-phonon-induced vibrational-level renormalization. The electronic current density following the excitation is affected by classical and quantum nuclear sampling through suppression of beating patterns and faster decay times. Interestingly, finite temperature leads to a longer stability of the ultrafast charge transfer after excitation. Overall, the results show that the ultrafast charge-carrier dynamics are dominated by electronic rather than by nuclear effects at the field strengths and time scales considered in this work.
Analysis of mechanical stresses in silicone rubber joint tubes using a hyper-elastic model
Authors: Hamdan Mohammad A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A 2D model of a silicone rubber joint tube is proposed to calculate mechanical pressure. An analysis of radial and circumferential stresses within a joint tube based on a hyper-elastic model, employing finite element method is presented. This paper shows that assuming a constant elastic modulus for rubber leads to miscalculation of stresses within the joint tube. In addition, restricting the expansion ratio without considering the material’s elasticity could elevate the possibility of introducing high circumferential stress. Depending on the elastic modulus and expansion ratio, these circumferential stresses may approach 50% of the material’s tensile strength however, none of the simulated materials showed any critical values. A rigid semiconducting deflector could potentially generate significant circumferential stress, especially at the deflector-joint insulation interface, posing an increased risk if the material is relatively weak. Achieving the required pressure with stiffer materials necessitates a lower expansion ratio, while softer materials demand higher expansion ratios to accomplish the necessary pressure levels.
Unsupervised learning of quantum many-body scars using intrinsic dimension
Authors: Cao Harvey , Angelakis Dimitris G , Leykam Daniel 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Quantum many-body scarred systems contain both thermal and non-thermal scar eigenstates in their spectra. When these systems are quenched from special initial states which share high overlap with scar eigenstates, the system undergoes dynamics with atypically slow relaxation and periodic revival. This scarring phenomenon poses a potential avenue for circumventing decoherence in various quantum engineering applications. Given access to an unknown scar system, current approaches for identification of special states leading to non-thermal dynamics rely on costly measures such as entanglement entropy. In this work, we show how two dimensionality reduction techniques, multidimensional scaling and intrinsic dimension estimation, can be used to learn structural properties of dynamics in the PXP model and distinguish between thermal and scar initial states. The latter method is shown to be robust against limited sample sizes and experimental measurement errors.
An Introduction to International Space Law
Authors: Bhat B. Sandeepa 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The entry into outer space opened up a new horizon for humanity. However, the ColdWar backdrop of such an entry threatened the world order and posed multiple questions on the legal regulation of space activities. This resulted in a quick response from the United Nations (UN) to develop international norms to regulate space activities. The UN General Assembly resolutions, five space treaties and the set of principles to govern space activities, adopted during the twentieth century, form the foundation of international space law. The essential principles adopted under international space law still hold good despite a shift from State-oriented space activities to private sector-oriented space activities in the twenty-first century. Hence, probing into international space law and understanding its essentials in the right sense has become very important. This chapter, being introductory, provides an overview of international space law in terms of its development as well as its substance.
Introduction
Authors: Marchesi Ilaria 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The chapter introduces the notion of social solecism—that is, of an improper behavior measured on grammatical correctness—as a distinctive feature of Martial’s self-construction as an epigrammatist. The notion is connected with the distinct anxiety about the abuse of signs that permeated Martial’s cultural environment, as manifested in the Lex Roscia epigrams as well as in poems about questionable sexual behaviors. A treatment of social and sexual disuniformity in terms of grammatical correctness distinctively matches the epigrammatist’s perception and recording of improprieties in the social sphere. The chapter thus establishes Martial’s interest in allusively appointing himself as a surrogate censor: someone who may complement with his competence in the rules of speech the work of the Emperor, in this case Domitian, the law-giving censor of the social body he controls.
Type 3: Shaping and Shifting
Authors: Marchesi Ilaria 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter reviews examples of the ways in which Martial’s Epigrams depict and police three classes of women who find novel means to create, use, and exchange signs. These women engage in independent sign-making, sign-usage, and sign-circulation to affect the dynamics of cultural and social exchange in which they enter as an active constituency. Martial’s Epigrams offer many such figures: women who buy their identities through cosmetics or use language to work at cross purposes with their physically observable traits, who organize their own selves in carefully staged public performances, or even go so far as to replace a whole set of identifiers with new ones. These women are treated as semiotically confusing. Turning back time for themselves, turning the tables on controlling male gaze and social discourses, turning communication patterns on their head, they strive to shift out of the controlled play of signs in their world.
Validation of algorithms in studies based on routinely collected health data: general principles
Authors: Ehrenstein Vera , Hellfritzsch Maja , Kahlert Johnny , Langan Sinéad M , Urushihara Hisashi , Marinac-Dabic Danica , Lund Jennifer L , Sørensen Henrik Toft , Benchimol Eric I 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Clinicians, researchers, regulators, and other decision-makers increasingly rely on evidence from real-world data (RWD), including data routinely accumulating in health and administrative databases. RWD studies often rely on algorithms to operationalize variable definitions. An algorithm is a combination of codes or concepts used to identify persons with a specific health condition or characteristic. Establishing the validity of algorithms is a prerequisite for generating valid study findings that can ultimately inform evidence-based health care. In this paper, we aim to systematize terminology, methods, and practical considerations relevant to the conduct of validation studies of RWD-based algorithms. We discuss measures of algorithm accuracy, gold/reference standards, study size, prioritization of accuracy measures, algorithm portability, and implications for interpretation. Information bias is common in epidemiologic studies, underscoring the importance of transparency in decisions regarding choice and prioritizing measures of algorithm validity. The validity of an algorithm should be judged in the context of a data source, and one size does not fit all. Prioritizing validity measures within a given data source depends on the role of a given variable in the analysis (eligibility criterion, exposure, outcome, or covariate). Validation work should be part of routine maintenance of RWD sources.
This article is part of a Special Collection on Pharmacoepidemiology.
Silicone Lymphadenopathy Following Augmentation Mammoplasty With Silicone Implants
Authors: Rosenthal Adaya , Goldbart Nahmias Adi , Heller Lior , Hadad Eran 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Silicone implants are by far the most widely used implant globally for breast augmentation. Despite technological advancements, complications persist, with silicone lymphadenopathy (siliconoma) being a noteworthy concern. This phenomenon has been inadequately addressed in the existing literature.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to characterize axillary siliconomas and identify potential risk factors to help reduce their occurrence.

Methods
The authors conducted a retrospective observational cross-sectional study spanning between 2011 and 2021 at the Shamir Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Israel. Preoperative ultrasound examination was conducted, categorizing patients into those with siliconomas and those without.

Results
A total of 614 women (1209 breasts) met the inclusion criteria. The incidence of siliconomas was 13.6% (165 breasts). In univariate analysis, older age (47 years vs 43 years, P &lt; .001), older implant age (12.2 years vs 11 years, P = .026), ruptured implants (59.4% vs 17.7%, P &lt; .001), subpectoral placement (P = .019), severe capsular contracture, and the use of Mentor implants (Irvine, CA; P = .007) and Poly Implant Prothèse implants (PIP; La Seyne-sur-Mer, France; P = .001) correlated significantly with the presence of siliconomas. In a multivariate analysis, implant rupture (odds ratio [OR] = 6.342), and implant manufacturer—Mentor (OR = 3.047) and PIP (OR = 3.475)—were identified as independent risk factors associated with a higher incidence of siliconomas. Severe capsular contracture was also associated with a higher incidence of siliconomas (OR = 1.65).

Conclusions
Surgeons should inform candidates about the potential risk of silicone migration. Patients with ruptured implants, significant capsular contracture, and Mentor and PIP implants face an increased risk for developing siliconomas. Closer monitoring for the detection of siliconomas in the axilla for these patients is advisable, and potential prophylactic replacement or removal of implants may be warranted to mitigate siliconoma risk.

Level of Evidence: 3
P04 How fibroblasts and azathioprine prepare the soil for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Kontou Ioanna , Pourzand Charareh , Walko Gernot , Jungwirth Ute 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Introduction and aims
DNA damage-inducing immunosuppressive drugs such as azathioprine (AZA) act synergistically with ultraviolet (UV)A radiation and photosensitize the skin of immunosuppressed individuals, such as organ transplant recipients. These individuals have an increased risk of developing cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). The specific combination of AZA and UVA causes oxidative DNA damage that leaves behind a characteristic mutational signature in tumour keratinocytes of patients treated with AZA. However, as UVA radiation can penetrate the dermis, the impact of AZA/UVA on cells of the tumour microenvironment, such as fibroblasts, also need to be addressed. Fibroblasts are crucial for cSCC development and progression as they can switch to a protumourigenic phenotype.

Methods
Cell viability and senescence assays were performed to investigate the impact of AZA in combination with or without UVA on neonatal (nonsun-exposed) and adult (sun-exposed) human dermal fibroblasts. In addition, the impact of AZA/UVA-treated fibroblasts on the clonal growth properties of different cSCC cell models was investigated using three-dimensional (co)culture models.

Results
We found that AZA and UVA synergistically reduce the viability of both UV-naïve neonatal and sun-exposed adult dermal fibroblasts. In addition, combined AZA and UVA treatments lead to an increased percentage of senescent fibroblasts. We hypothesize that the aberrant secretome of these senescent fibroblasts can impact the growth behaviour of tumour cells. In a soft agar assay, the more malignant cSCC cells (MET-1) formed more and larger clonal spheroids and were less dependent on growth factors compared with spheroids formed by premalignant (PM-1) keratinocytes.

Conclusions
AZA and UVA act synergistically and potentiate a UVA-induced senescent fibroblast phenotype. The changed characteristics of these fibroblasts can impact the stem cell-like properties from premalignant and malignant keratinocytes. Combining keratinocyte and fibroblast culture models enables us to study how AZA/UVA promote the initiation and progression of cSCC.
P33 Skinvaders: gamification of the skin barrier to engage school-age children in the biology of the skin
Authors: de Brito Marianne , Green Freddy , McCarthy Rebecca , Rees Martin , Balkwill Frances , O’Toole Edel Ann 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Introduction and aims
Public engagement is an essential part of research design. It provides opportunities for both scientists and the public to learn, and inspires the next generation of researchers. We are fortunate to have a public engagement centre within our institution, which contains digital games, an established and effective way to engage children. We developed a new game for school-age children to engage them in the Paediatric Human Cell Atlas, a collaborative project that aims to map single-cell profiles and spatial characterization of gene expression across human tissues and organs throughout development. Our aim was to develop a game that involved different skin cell types, variation in skin colour and common skin disorders.

Methods
Initial steps included brainstorming with our public engagement staff about content and then developing a lay summary and agreeing on the following key themes: the skin as a barrier, the cells of the skin, and eczema, a common skin disorder. The game was based on the arcade game Breakout. It features a customizable paddle representing the skin, demonstrating how changes in quantities of different skin components can change appearance/function (e.g. melanin production, adipocytes, hair follicles), which players must move across the screen to keep pathogens and allergens out and keep water and protein in. In the last level, barrier function is impaired by eczema and the children can catch cream to repair the barrier.

Results
The game was developed for our public engagement centre where it has undergone testing by target audiences.

Conclusions
We have created a game as an innovative way to engage and educate paediatric communities in our research. It was challenging to simplify scientific content for use in a game while staying true to the scientific concepts. We will increase reach by adapting the game for desktop and app-based formats.
P38 Experimental evidence of ecto-5′-nucleotidase (CD73) modulation in psoriasis-like inflammation
Authors: De Palma Giacomo , Caiazzo Elisabetta , Ialenti Armando , Cicala Carla 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Introduction and aims
Adenosine is an endogenous purine nucleoside that, by binding to adenosine receptors, modulates inflammation and immune responses. Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease characterized by keratinocyte hyperproliferation and abnormal differentiation. A2A and A2B adenosine receptors modulate keratinocyte proliferation and their expression was found to be altered in psoriatic epidermis. Ecto-5′-nucleotidase (CD73) is an enzyme that hydrolyses extracellular adenosine monophosphate and represents a key control point for extracellular adenosine accumulation. CD73 is involved in the regulation of local immune response and tissue barrier function. As changes in CD73 expression and activity have been associated with other autoimmune diseases, the aim of this study was to investigate CD73 involvement in skin inflammation using in vitro and in vivo approaches.

Methods
In vitro experiments were performed on human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cell lines stimulated with tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-6 and IL-1α (10 ng mL−1 each), and in vivo, on the mouse model of imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like inflammation on the right ear, which was also performed on CD73−/− mice and their wildtype counterpart. CD73 expression in cell lysates and ear homogenates were evaluated using Western blot analysis.

Results
We found that CD73 expression was significantly increased (N = 3 wells, P &lt; 0.05) in cytokine-treated HaCaTs compared with unstimulated cells. In vivo experiments showed increased CD73 expression on psoriatic lesions (P &lt; 0.001, N = 3). In CD73−/− mice, imiquimod-induced lesions were exacerbated compared with the development of lesions in wildtype mice as shown by ear thickness (0.190 ± 0.02 mm, knockout mice vs. 0.138 ± 0.02 mm, wildtype mice; P &lt; 0.05, N = 5), erythema and scaling.

Conclusions
Our preliminary Results show involvement of CD73 in the development of psoriasis-like inflammation, suggesting that CD73 may represent a new therapeutic target in the treatment of skin diseases. Further investigations are needed to provide an in-depth study of CD73 localization in inflamed skin.
Minority Social Workers Share Their Previously Tacit Knowledge: Patterns and Importance of Sharing and the Context
Authors: Mahajne Ibrahim , Allassad Alhuzail Nuzha 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The gap between fieldwork demands and academic knowledge necessitates the sharing of tacit knowledge to ensure continuity of context-appropriate professional knowledge. The research describes and explains patterns of minority social workers’ sharing of their previously tacit knowledge, the knowledge’s significance and the context where it was acquired. In data drawn from in-depth semi-structured interviews with twenty children and youth workers in Arab welfare bureaus throughout Israel, Arab social workers exposed tacit knowledge they had revealed and shared concerning prolonged institutional deprivation in out-of-home settings that dramatically limited their ability to ensure the minors’ rights. This knowledge was shared in four ways: retention, transmission between colleagues, documentation for the future and publication. Social workers invested insufficient efforts to share their tacit knowledge, due to inappropriate relevant professional training and lack of a suitable infrastructure and organisational culture. They were aware that sharing and dissemination of their previously tacit knowledge could serve three players in the Children and Youth Services: the target population (giving them a voice), professionals (uniting their ranks for collective action) and government institutions (reflecting the reality and equipping them with data concerning service gaps). Social work should reconsider the potential value of sharing such knowledge.
NMDA receptor autoantibodies primarily impair the extrasynaptic compartment
Authors: Jamet Zoe , Mergaux Camille , Meras Morgane , Bouchet Delphine , Villega Frédéric , Kreye Jakob , Prüss Harald , Groc Laurent 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Autoantibodies directed against the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR-Ab) are pathogenic immunoglobulins detected in patients suffering from NMDAR encephalitis. NMDAR-Ab alter the receptor membrane trafficking, synaptic transmission and neuronal network properties, leading to neurological and psychiatric symptoms in patients. Patients often have very little neuronal damage but rapid and massive (treatment-responsive) brain dysfunctions related to an unknown early mechanism of NMDAR-Ab. Our understanding of this early molecular cascade remains surprisingly fragmented.
Here, we used a combination of single molecule-based imaging of membrane proteins to unveil the spatiotemporal action of NMDAR-Ab on live hippocampal neurons.
We first demonstrate that different clones of NMDAR-Ab primarily affect extrasynaptic (and not synaptic) NMDARs. In the first minutes, NMDAR-Ab increase extrasynaptic NMDAR membrane dynamics, declustering its surface interactome. NMDAR-Ab also rapidly reshuffle all membrane proteins located in the extrasynaptic compartment. Consistent with this alteration of multiple proteins, effects of NMDAR-Ab were not mediated through the sole interaction between the NMDAR and EphB2 receptor. In the long term, NMDAR-Ab reduce the NMDAR synaptic pool by slowing down receptor membrane dynamics in a cross-linking-independent manner. Remarkably, exposing only extrasynaptic NMDARs to NMDAR-Ab was sufficient to produce their full-blown effect on synaptic receptors.
Collectively, we demonstrate that NMDAR-Ab initially impair extrasynaptic proteins, then the synaptic ones. These data thus shed new and unsuspected light on the mode of action of NMDAR-Ab and, probably, our understanding of (extra)synaptopathies.