bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Overcorrecting minus Lens Therapy in Intermittent Exotropia for Prevention of Constant Exotropia in Children under the Age of 7 Years
Authors: Alizadeh Yousef , Medghalchi Abdolreza , Soltanipour Soheil , Mohammadi Mohammad J. , Soltani-Moghadam Reza , Behboudi Hassan , Azaripour Ebrahim , Soleimani Altinai 
Published: May 2024

Background:
The basis of the overcorrecting minus lens is to induce compliance and consequently prevent constant exotropia. Some previous studies advocated early surgical therapy and others suggested over-minus treatment. Our purpose is to evaluate the success rate of the over-minus lens.

Methods:
This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on 106 patients under the age of 7 years with intermittent exotropia (IXT) who attended Amir-Al-Momenin Hospital at Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. The data was gathered by a form including sex, age, level of cycloplegic refraction, the amount of deviation before and after using the over-minus glasses, visual acuity, the amount of the over-minus glasses, duration of treatment, recovery, and follow-up. The success rate was defined as decreasing exotropia to less than ten prism diopters or exophoria.

Results:
A total of 106 patients with a mean age of 2.25 ± 0.74 years were enrolled in this study. The mean exotropia before and after treatment was 20.96 ± 8.20 and 12.16 ± 11.04 prism diopters, respectively, and there was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.002). The mean refractive spherical and astigmatic errors (cycloplegic refraction) were +1.34 ± 1.07 and −0.32 ± 0.72 diopters, respectively. At the end of the follow-up, exotropia increased in 5.6% of patients, there was no change in 15% of patients with a mean deviation of 25.0 ± 6.06 prism diopters, and 79.24% of patients were treated successfully.

Conclusions:
According to the results of this study, treatment of IXT by over-correcting lenses can be a safe procedure and effective in preventing exotropia.
The Effect of 4 Weeks Aerobic Exercise Training with Detraining Courses in Various Prevention Phases on BCl-2 and BAX Genes Expression and Proteins
Authors: Koohshoori Yousef Shahvali , Marandi Sayed M. , Kargarfard Mehdi , Vaseghi Golnaz , Moshtaghian Seyed J. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise with detraining in different phases of prevention on BCL2 Associated X (BAX) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCl-2) gene expression and proteins.

Methods:
For this purpose, 32 female Balb-c mice (18–20 g) were purchased and randomly assigned to primordial prevention (A), primary prevention (B), secondary prevention (C), and control (D). A group performed aerobic exercise for 4 weeks, after 4T1 cells injection detrained for 8 weeks. Group B performed aerobic exercise for 4 weeks immediately after injecting 4T1 cells and then detrained for 4 weeks. In C group, the 4T1 cells were first injected and did not perform any activity for 4 weeks, followed by 4 weeks of aerobic exercise. Forty-eight hours after the last training session and detraining courses, after anesthesia, sacrificing, and tissue removal, were performed. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR) was used to measure gene expression and Western blot (WB) was used to measure protein content. One-way Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used to analyze data.

Results:
The results showed that aerobic exercise in A, B, and C groups compared to D group reduced BCl-2 gene expression and protein and increased BAX gene expression and protein.

Conclusions:
Therefore, exercise can cause apoptosis in tumor cells by increasing pre-apoptotic factors and decreasing antiapoptotic factors in tumor cells, and consequently improving the disease status.
Study Protocol for the Interactions between Dietary Patterns and ARL15 and ADIPOQ Genes Polymorphisms on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors
Authors: Mollahosseini Mehdi , Yazdanpanah Zeinab , Nadjarzadeh Azadeh , Mirzaei Masoud , Kalantar Seyed Mehdi , Mirzaei Khadijeh , Mozaffari-Khosravi Hassan 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are recognized as one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Studies have shown the impact of genetic predisposition and dietary factors on developing these diseases. Dietary patterns and genetic factors such as polymorphisms related to the level of adiponectin may also interact with each other and produce variances in the effects of these factors on different individuals. The purpose of this study is to investigate the interactions between food intake patterns and polymorphisms on ADIPOQ and ARL15 genes in relation to cardiometabolic risk factors.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study is conducted on 380 adults (20 to 70 years old) living in Yazd, Iran. Individuals were selected from the participants in Yazd Health Study (YaHS) and its sub-study called Taghziyeh Mardom-e Yazd (TAMYZ) after reviewing the inclusion and exclusion criteria. YaHS is a population-based cohort study which has been conducted on 9962 adults living in Yazd since 2014. In the present study, rotated principle component analysis (PCA) with Varimax rotation is used to identify the major dietary patterns. The polymerase chain reaction-restricted fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method is used in order to identify rs1501299 and rs6450176 variants (on ADIPOQ and ARL15 genes, respectively). General linear models (GLM) as well as regression models are used to investigate the interactions between the studied genotypes and the extracted dietary patterns.

Conclusions:
The results of this study can help to personalize dietary recommendations for the prevention of CVDs according to the genetic predisposition of individuals.
Severe Vitamin D Deficiency as a Risk Factor in Newly Diagnosed Tuberculosis Patients: Comparative Study on Inhabitants of High Altitude Region
Authors: Thejaswi S G , Koirala Prakash , Pradhan Ujjawal , Papanaik H , Bhuyan Shreyasmita 
Published: May 2024

Background:
The present study was conducted to find the association between tuberculosis and vitamin D levels and assess severe vitamin D deficiency (VDD) as a risk factor for developing tuberculosis at high-altitude regions.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was carried out at a tertiary care hospital situated at an average altitude of 5,412 feet above sea level. Newly diagnosed active cases of tuberculosis (Group A) and unmatched healthy individuals (Group B) were recruited in the study. Serum samples were analyzed for Vitamin 25(OH) D levels and correlated between the groups.

Results:
The study included 54 newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients (Group A) (47 pulmonary and 7 extrapulmonary tuberculosis) and 87 healthy controls (Group B). Of the total 141 participants, 69 (49%) had severe VDD and 44 (31%) had VDD. The mean (SD) vitamin D level was significantly lower in patients having tuberculosis (12.6 ± 7 ng/mL) as compared to Group B (15.9 ± 7 ng/mL). The risk of tuberculosis infection was 2.13 times higher among those who had VDD (odds ratio = 2.13) (P-0.106), whereas those with severe VDD were at 3.2 times higher risk of developing tuberculosis (crude odds ratio = 3.2) (P = 0.001) and severe VDD independently contributed to being diagnosed with tuberculosis (adjusted odds ratio = 3.1) (P = 0.002).

Conclusions:
Vitamin D levels are significantly low in tuberculosis patients and severe VDD independently contributes to developing tuberculosis infection.
Reviewing the National Health Services Quality Policies and Strategies of the Iranian Health System: A Document Analysis
Authors: Fallah Razieh , Maleki Mohammadreza , Aryankhesal Aidin , Haghdoost Aliakbar 
Published: May 2024

Background:
High-quality health care is an important component of efforts to reach Universal Health Coverage (UHC). Given this pivotal fact, poor quality of care is a significant bottleneck in the endeavors of Iran to UHC. This study was part of a broader qualitative study and aimed to provide supplementary data about the documents related to the National Quality Policies and Strategies (NQPS) health services in the health system of Iran to determine the degree of alignment with the World Health Organization (WHO) approach for NQPS, and to track change and development over time.

Methods:
This document analysis was performed following the READ approach for systematic document analysis in health policy research. Furthermore, qualitative content analysis following parallel forms of the mixed analysis in which the textual material proceeded with different inductive and deductive content-analytical procedures simultaneously, applying the WHO practical approach for NQPS, was selected.

Results:
The 15 included records that met the inclusion criteria were released in the post-Islamic Revolution period. The Ministry of Health was found as the most responsible authority for publishing the NQPS among the other authorities. Furthermore, 67% of NQPS was aligned with the goals and priorities of a broader national plan or policy. Contradictions, variations, and ambiguities were also found in the literature circumstances of the NQPS. There was no NQPS concentrated on the entire pathway of care in the Iranian health system, which developed according to the WHO approach for NQPS.

Conclusions:
Qualitative analysis of the current NQPSs based on the eight inter-dependent elements and critical supplements, the technical perspective of broad stakeholders, community engagement, and steady commitment of policymakers are our recommendations for future efforts towards having NQPS.
Why Patients Discard Their food? a Qualitative Study in Iranian Hospitals
Authors: Anari Razieh , Amini Maryam , Nikooyeh Bahareh , Ghodsi Delaram , Neyestani Tirang R. 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Food waste reflects inadequate food intake and is of economic and environmental importance. Therefore, understanding the underlying factors is a must to combat food waste.

Methods:
A qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews with managers, nurses, nutritionists, food providers, kitchen staff, and inpatients at three hospitals in Tehran. Responses were recorded, coded, and analyzed thematically.

Results:
Forty-eight face-to-face interviews led to three core categories: 1. opinions/performance; 2. causes, related factors, and characteristics; and 3. rooting and suggestions. We found that the majority of the hospitalized patients did not consume their entire food. In spite of overall satisfaction with the quantity and quality of food, anorexia, personal taste, and poor quality of raw materials prohibited patients from eating. Also, rice was the most discarded food. Economic barriers were the most important hindrance to elevate the quality, and some strategies, like the supply of high-quality materials and recruiting skillful cooking team, were proposed to improve it.

Conclusions:
Our findings delineated a limited budget as the main barrier to improve the quality. Nevertheless, the low quality of hospital foods may actually impose a heavier economic burden due to food waste.
The Effect of Home Care on Metabolic Profile and Blood Pressure in Type 2 Diabetic Patients who Underwent General Surgeries
Authors: Heidapour Maryam , Kabirzadeh Arefeh , Faridani Lila , Akbari Mojtaba , Abazari Parvaneh 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
The stress of surgery itself results in metabolic disturbance. Few studies have mentioned how to manage the metabolic profile of diabetic patients after discharge from the hospital. The present study aimed to determine the effect of home care on metabolic profile and blood pressure in type 2 diabetic patients who underwent general surgeries.

Methods:
Seventy type 2 diabetic patients who were undergoing surgery were assigned to the intervention and control groups via blocking order. The intervention group received a 3-month home care with an interprofessional team approach. The levels of fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterols, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure were measured before and three months after the intervention in both groups. In the control group, only routine care was performed in the postsurgery period. Data were entered in SPSS software version 23 and were analyzed. Results: There were no significant differences between the intervention and control groups for background characteristics. Systolic blood pressure (P < .001), diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.005), lipid profile (P = 0.001) [except for triglycerides level], fasting blood glucose (P = .001), and HbA1c (P = .003) decreased significantly in the intervention group. After controlling baseline data by applying analysis of covariance, a significant increase in HDL-c (P = .032) was seen. Also, the difference between the mean percentage of variations in HbA1c levels between intervention and control groups was significant. Conclusions: Our study showed improvement in HbA1c and HDL-c levels with home care programs in patients with diabetes who underwent general surgeries. More studies with longer follow-ups are necessarily addressing the effects of home care on other metabolic parameters in these patients.
Obesity and Mortality of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in Asian and Western Countries: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Nindrea Ricvan Dana , Lailani Mutia , Masrul  , Usman Elly , Katar Yusticia , Hendriyani Heni , Sari Nissa Prima 
Published: May 2024

Background: The authorities recently emphasized the importance of dietary control for COVID-19 patients in hospitals. However, there is limited detail about the obesity and death of COVID-19 patients who are hospitalized in the Asian and Western countries. The aim of this study was to find the role of obesity and mortality of the hospitalized COVID-19 patients. A systematic review of the studies on obesity and mortality of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in the Asian and western countries.

Methods:
Databases of ProQuest, PubMed, and EBSCO were used to find relevant articles published between January 2020 and March 2021. A total of 3,70,836 patients in 17 studies were included. Results: We found significant correlation between obesity and mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients (pooled odds ratio [POR] = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.23–1.33). In particular, this study demonstrated that the Asian countries had higher POR (1.44, 95% CI: 1.16–1.79) compared to the western countries (1.28, 95%CI: 1.23-1.33). The heterogeneity calculation showed heterogenous among studies included (I2 > 50%).

Conclusions:
The mortality of COVID-19-hospitalized patients is related to obesity, which requires a multi-stakeholder mitigation approach to avoid and control obesity and its impacts.
Investigating the Relationship between Structural Features of Built Environment and Physical Activity Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
Authors: Noormohammadpour Pardis , Ghadimi Ehsan , Memari Amirhossein , Selk-Ghaffari Maryam , Ali Mansournia Mohammad , Kordi Ramin 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Built environment determinants of engaging in physical activity are dependent on the properties of societies. This study investigates the relationship between structural variables of the environment using geographic information systems (GIS) and the level of physical activity in 22 districts of Tehran.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was based on Urban Health Equity Assessment and Response Tool (Urban HEART-2). Physical activity level was assessed via the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). The characteristics of the neighborhood environment, including land use, street pattern, population density, and traffic, were determined via ArcGIS software. Walkability index (population density, street pattern, land use) was calculated to assess the effect of the main variables of living environment on physical activity level.

Results:
Among the built environmental variables, land use was associated with the total physical activity and travel-related physical activity level (r: 0.155, P value: 0.001, and r: 0.122, P value: 0.007, respectively). The walkability index indicated an association with the total physical activity level and travel-related physical activity level (r: 0.126, P value: 0.006, and r: 0.135, P value: 0.001, respectively). Higher levels of the walkability index were associated with an improved level of physical activity (OR: 2.04).

Conclusions:
Walkability index and land use positively correlate with total physical activity level, and providing action plans that improve walkability index and land use might lead to increased physical activity level.
The Effect of Garlic (Allium Sativum) on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Related Hormones and Glycemic Parameters: A Randomized, Double-Blinded Clinical Trial
Authors: Zadhoush Roya , Alavi-Naeini Amirmansour , Feizi Awat , Naghshineh Elham , Ghazvini Mohammad Reza 
Published: May 2024

Background:
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of garlic supplementation on androgen levels and glycemic-related markers in patients with PCOS.

Methods:
In these 8 weeks of randomized double-blinded control trial, 80 women were randomly assigned into two groups in which patients were asked to intake either 800 mg/day garlic or an identical placebo. A blood sample was obtained pre- and post-trial to assess androgens and glycemic-related parapets. A 3-days- food record and a short form of international physical activity questionnaires (IPAQ) were also evaluated at the beginning and end of the trial.

Results:
All participants completed the trial. Garlic supplementation resulted in significant reduction in fasting plasma glucose (-3.22 ± 7.41 vs. 0.72 ± 5.37; P = 0.008) and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (-0.29 ± 1.45 vs. 0.28 ± 1.20; P = 0.02). In addition, a trend to a significant improvement was detected in free androgen index (FAI) (P = 0.09), insulin levels (P = 0.07), and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) (P = 0.06). However, no significant difference was found in testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) (P > 0.05).

Conclusions :
Present study indicates that garlic supplementation could be beneficial for FPG and insulin resistance improvement. However, garlic supplementation does not show remarkable efficacy on androgens. Further studies are warranted to confirm the results.
Combined Ursolic Acid and Resistance/Endurance Training Improve Type 3 Diabetes Biomarkers-Related Memory Deficits in Hippocampus of Aged Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Ghadiri Neda , Esfarjani Fahimeh , Marandi Sayed Mohammad , Banitalebi Ebrahim , Saghaee Elham 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Both aging and diabetes are two well-established risk factors related to type 3 diabetes and memory deficits. Accordingly, diabetes multiplies the effects of aging on cognition impairments once these conditions occur simultaneously.

Methods:
In this present experimental study, 56 male Wistar rats with HFD/STZ-induced T2D were randomized into seven groups (n = eight animals per group): (1) sedentary old non-diabetic (C); (2) sedentary HFD/STZ-induced T2D (D); (3) sedentary HFD/STZ-induced T2D plus UA (UA) (DU); (4) endurance-trained HFD/STZ-induced T2D (DE); (5) resistance-trained HFD/STZ-induced T2D (DR); (6) endurance-trained HFD/STZ-induced T2D plus UA (DEU); and (7) resistance-trained STZ-diabetic plus UA (DRU) rats. Two-way ANOVA was applied to measure the training, supplementation, and interaction effect on serum and gene expression outcomes.

Result:
The study results established no significant interaction effect between the UA supplementation and the resistance/endurance training with regard to the levels of glucose (P = 0.534), insulin (P = 0.327), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (P = 0.191), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (P = 0.448).

Conclusions:
To develop novel practical nutritional strategies involving UA intake, further studies are thus needed to clarify how chronic consumption of UA with/without resistance/endurance training reverses cognition disorder process in old male Wistar rats with HFD/STZ-induced T2D.
The Effect of Unrefined Sugar on Inflammation: A Systematic Review of Intervention Studies
Authors: Ebadi Samarghand , Azlan Azrina 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
It is well established that unrefined sugarcane products have antioxidant activity due to phytochemicals, polyphenols, and total antioxidant capacity, which may decrease inflammation and oxidative stress. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review to evaluate the association of unrefined sugar consumption with inflammatory biomarkers.

Methods:
Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and ProQuest databases were searched up to December 2021 for studies that report the effect of unrefined sugar on inflammation according to inflammatory cytokines, chemokine, and adhesion molecules as outcome measures. Results: Thirty-six studies were evaluated. Across all research, five studies (two in vitro and three animal studies) reported the effect of unrefined sugar on levels of cytokines, including IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-1β, and IFN-γ. Additionally, the quality of the studies was assessed for risk of bias. Conclusions: it is possible to affirm that unrefined sugarcane products, including jaggery, may have a protective effect on inflammation via regulating some of the inflammatory pathways and a favorable impact on cytokines secretion according to the results of in vitro and animal model studies. However, since the findings are still insufficient, more scientific research, especially well-designed human trials, is highly recommended to conclude the outcomes confidently. Human data may encourage industries and the public to replace purified sugar with unrefined sugarcane in sugar-based food and for further health-care policy decisions.
The Association between DASH Diet Adherence and Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Authors: Shoaibinobarian Nargeskhatoon , Danehchin Leila , Mozafarinia Maedeh , Hekmatdoost Azita , Eghtesad Sareh , Masoudi Sahar , Mohammadi Zahra , Mard Ali , Paridar Yousef , Abolnezhadian Farhad , Malihi Reza , Rahimi Zahra , Cheraghian Bahman , Mir-Nasseri Mohammad Mahdi , Shayesteh Ali Akbar , Poustchi Hossein 
Published: May 2024

Background:
The dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) encourages high fruit, vegetable, and lean protein consumption and low salt, red meat, and fat intake to prevent or treat hypertension. However, besides hypertension, adherence to this diet has been shown to decrease other cardiovascular risk factors.

Methods:
This study assessed the relationship between the DASH diet and cardiovascular risk factors in a cross-sectional study of 2,831 adults chosen by multistage cluster sampling from 27 counties of Khuzestan province, Iran. DASH scores were calculated using data obtained from a qualitative food frequency questionnaire. Regression models were used to evaluate the association of DASH scores and common cardiovascular risk factors.

Results:
Significant trends were observed across quintiles of DASH scores for systolic blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and its components (p < 0·05). After adjusting for potential confounders such as sex, age, ethnicity, residence, wealth score, physical activity, energy intake, and family history of heart disease, the multiple regression analysis for each cardiovascular risk factor revealed that being in the highest quintile of total DASH score (OR = 0.72, 95% CI 0.52–0.99) was negatively associated with hyperglycemia.

Conclusions:
This study showed a positive relationship between DASH diet adherence and lower serum levels of glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.