bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emotional Distress Symptoms, Coping Efficacy, and Social Support: A Network Analysis of Distress and Resources in Persons With Cancer
Authors: Chirico Andrea , Palombi Tommaso , Alivernini Fabio , Lucidi Fabio , Merluzzi Thomas V 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
The study’s main aim was to analyze the structure and configuration of distress symptoms and resource factors.

Purpose
Common methods of assessing distress symptoms in cancer patients (i) do not capture the configuration of individual distress symptoms and (ii) do not take into account resource factors (e.g., social support, coping, caring health professionals). Network analysis focuses on the configuration and relationships among symptoms that can result in tailored interventions for distress. Network analysis was used to derive a symptom-level view of distress and resource factors.

Methods
Nine hundred and ninety-two cancer patients (mixed diagnoses) completed an abridged Distress Screening Schedule that included 24 items describing symptoms related to distress (depression, anxiety) and resource factors (social support, coping, caring health professionals).

Results
In network analysis, the centrality strength index (CSI) is the degree to which an item is connected to all other items, thus constituting an important focal point in the network. A depression symptom had the highest CSI value: felt lonely/isolated (CSI = 1.30). In addition, resource factors related to coping efficacy (CSI = 1.20), actively seeking support (CSI = 1.10), perceiving one’s doctor as caring (CSI = 1.10), and receiving social support (CSI = 1.10) also all had very high CSI scores.

Conclusions and implications
These results emphasize the integral importance of the social symptoms of loneliness/isolation in distress. Thus, distress symptoms (loneliness) and resource factors (coping efficacy, seeking social support, and perceiving medical professionals as caring) should be integral aspects of distress management and incorporated into assessment tools and interventions to reduce distress.
The multiscale topological organization of the functional brain network in adolescent PTSD
Authors: Corredor David , Segobin Shailendra , Hinault Thomas , Eustache Francis , Dayan Jacques , Guillery-Girard Bérengère , Naveau Mikaël 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The experience of an extremely aversive event can produce enduring deleterious behavioral, and neural consequences, among which posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a representative example. Although adolescence is a period of great exposure to potentially traumatic events, the effects of trauma during adolescence remain understudied in clinical neuroscience. In this exploratory work, we aim to study the whole-cortex functional organization of 14 adolescents with PTSD using a data-driven method tailored to our population of interest. To do so, we built on the network neuroscience framework and specifically on multilayer (multisubject) community analysis to study the functional connectivity of the brain. We show, across different topological scales (the number of communities composing the cortex), a hyper-colocalization between regions belonging to occipital and pericentral regions and hypo-colocalization in middle temporal, posterior–anterior medial, and frontal cortices in the adolescent PTSD group compared to a nontrauma exposed group of adolescents. These preliminary results raise the question of an altered large-scale cortical organization in adolescent PTSD, opening an interesting line of research for future investigations.
IPAD-DB: a manually curated database for experimentally verified inhibitors of proteins associated with Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Peng Chong , Liu Xiaofeng , Meng Xiangbo , Chen Congge , Wu Xinming , Bai Lin , Lu Fuping , Liu Fufeng 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a universal neurodegenerative disease with the feature of progressive dementia. Currently, there are only seven Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs for the treatment of AD, which merely offer temporary relief from symptom deterioration without reversing the underlying disease process. The identification of inhibitors capable of interacting with proteins associated with AD plays a pivotal role in the development of effective therapeutic interventions. However, a vast number of such inhibitors are dispersed throughout numerous published articles, rendering it inconvenient for researchers to explore potential drug candidates for AD. In light of this, we have manually compiled inhibitors targeting proteins associated with AD and constructed a comprehensive database known as IPAD-DB (Inhibitors of Proteins associated with Alzheimer’s Disease Database). The curated inhibitors within this database encompass a diverse range of compounds, including natural compounds, synthetic compounds, drugs, natural extracts and nano-inhibitors. To date, the database has compiled &gt;4800 entries, each representing a correspondent relationship between an inhibitor and its target protein. IPAD-DB offers a user-friendly interface that facilitates browsing, searching and downloading of its records. We firmly believe that IPAD-DB represents a valuable resource for screening potential AD drug candidates and investigating the underlying mechanisms of this debilitating disease. Access to IPAD-DB is freely available at http://www.lamee.cn/ipad-db/ and is compatible with all major web browsers.
Database URL: http://www.lamee.cn/ipad-db/
Evolutionary and co-evolutionary phage training approaches enhance bacterial suppression and delay the emergence of phage resistance
Authors: Ngiam Lyman , Weynberg Karen , Guo Jianhua 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The development of phage resistance by bacteria is a major barrier that impedes the therapeutic use of phages. Phage training has been proposed as a novel tool that harnesses the evolutionary potential of phages to improve phage infectivity. Both evolutionary and co-evolutionary phage training models have been previously reported to train phages. However, both of these phage training models have been reported able to effectively suppress the emergence of phage-resistant bacteria mutants, thus presenting a contradictory phenomenon. Therefore, in this study, we set out to systematically compare the effectiveness of both evolutionary and co-evolutionary phage training models with regard to phage physiology, infectivity, and genotype. To this end, a natural lytic phage capable of infecting a Klebsiella pneumonia strain was isolated from wastewater and subjected to evolutionary and co-evolutionary phage training for 30 days. After the phage training, the physiology and genomic characteristics of evolved and co-evolved phages were assessed. Our results demonstrated that both evolved and co-evolved phages exhibit improved bacterial suppression activity and are able to delay the emergence of phage resistance. Furthermore, both phages harbored unique genome mutational changes in different functionally associated phage proteins. Similarly, evolved and co-evolved phage-resistant bacteria mutants that arose post phage infection displayed varying phage resistance sensitivities, which may be correlated to the unique genome mutational change identified in cell membrane structure. In particular, co-evolved phage-resistant bacteria mutants exhibited less phage resistance compared to evolved phage-resistant bacteria mutants. These results highlighted the finding that the co-evolutionary phage training model serves as a better phage training model as it endows phage with improved infectivity, but also selects for phage-resistant bacteria with a lower phage resistance when compared to evolutionary phage training.
Fusion of finite element and machine learning methods to predict rock shear strength parameters
Authors: Zhu Defu , Yu Biaobiao , Wang Deyu , Zhang Yujiang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The trial-and-error method for calibrating rock mechanics parameters has the disadvantages of complexity, being time-consuming, and difficulty in ensuring accuracy. Harnessing the repeatability and scalability intrinsic to numerical simulation calculations and amalgamating them with the data-driven attributes of machine learning methods, this study uses the finite element analysis software RS2 to establish 252 sets of sandstone sample data. The recursive feature elimination and cross-validation method is employed for feature selection. The shear strength parameters of sandstone are predicted using machine learning models optimized by the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, including the backpropagation neural network, Bayesian ridge regression, support vector regression (SVR), and light gradient boosting machine. The predicted value of cohesion is proposed as the input feature to predict the friction angle. The results indicate that the optimal input characteristics for predicting cohesion are elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, peak stress, and peak strain, while the optimal input characteristics for predicting friction angle are peak stress and cohesion. The PSO-SVR model demonstrates the best performance. The maximum error between the predicted values of cohesion and friction angle and the calculated results of RSData program are 3.5% and 4.31%, respectively. The finite element calculation is in good agreement with the stress–strain curve obtained in the laboratory. The sensitivity analysis indicates that SVR's prediction performance for cohesion and friction angle tends to be stable when the sample size is &gt;25. These results offer a valuable reference for accurately predicting rock mechanics parameters.
Nonattendance is associated with work performance due to the side effects of COVID-19 vaccination: a cross-sectional study in a Japanese manufacturing industry
Authors: Yamada Misaki , Dohi Seitaro , Ide Hiroshi , Mafune Kosuke 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Although vaccines have promoted the socioeconomic normalization of COVID-19, adverse effects on work performance due to the post-vaccination side effects have been reported. Thus, we examined the relationship between the status of going to work the day following vaccination as a post-vaccination employment consideration and work performance among Japanese workers in the manufacturing industry.

Methods
Overall, 1273 employees who received the COVID-19 vaccine in a Japanese manufacturing district were surveyed using a self-administered web-based questionnaire that included fever, fatigue, workplace attendance the day after vaccination, work performance 1 week after vaccination, and demographic and occupational characteristics (age, gender, work style, and psychological distress [K6 scale]). The effects of fatigue and attendance on declining work performance were estimated using a linear mixed model, with individuals as random effects and the rest as fixed effects.

Results
After adjusting for demographic and occupational characteristics, the third-order interaction of fever, fatigue, and attendance on the day following vaccination was significant. The nonattendance group had a significantly higher work performance than the attendance group in those without fever and long-term fatigue (F1,1559 = 4.9, P = .026) and with fever and short-term fatigue (F1,1559 = 5.9, P = .015). Fever and workplace attendance the following day were not directly related to a decrease in work performance after vaccination.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that nonattendance at the workplace is associated with work performance due to the side effects after COVID-19 vaccination.
Power-law fluid annular flows between concentric rotating spheres subject to hydrodynamic slip
Authors: Huang Hsin-Fu , Tseng Po-Han 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
We report analytical solutions to the problem of non-Newtonian power-law fluid flows in the annular space between a pair of concentric spherical surfaces rotating at distinct angular velocities with the inner and outer wall boundaries subject to general asymmetric hydrodynamic slip conditions. Analytical solutions are possible because of assuming constant valued apparent hydrodynamic slip lengths in the linearized kinematic slip conditions, and our solutions can be validated against the limiting results of Newtonian fluids, no-slip conditions or a single rotating sphere reported in previous literature. Comprehensive systematic parametric studies show that (additional to the power-law fluid flow behavior index) the degree of hydrodynamic slip at the inner surface is the dominant factor that determines the limiting values of the viscous torque exerted on the inner sphere as the outer-to-inner radius ratio assumes significantly large values. Nonetheless, the flow behavior index and outer slip length prove to be the crucial key parameters responsible for a variety of torque responses, which can be categorized by a compact analytical expression, as the outer-to-inner radius ratio is increased in the small to moderate regime. We propose a criteria which identifies the proper slip length and outer-to-inner radius ratio combinations for a given power-law flow behavior index such that the hydrodynamic slip wall effects of the outer surface can be minimized or eliminated. A simple method is also presented to characterize and quantify the apparent hydrodynamic slip effects by use of the concentric rotating spheres viscometer.
Magnetic field breakout in ultramassive crystallizing white dwarfs
Authors: Blatman Daniel , Ginzburg Sivan 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Ultramassive white dwarfs with masses $M\gtrsim 1.1\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$ probe extreme physics near the Chandrasekhar limit. Despite the rapid increase in observations, it is still unclear how many harbour carbon–oxygen (CO) versus oxygen–neon (ONe) cores. The origin of these white dwarfs and their strong magnetic fields – single stellar evolution or a stellar merger – is another open question. The steep mass–radius relation of the relativistic ultramassive white dwarfs shortens their crystallization time $t_{\rm cryst}$, such that the recently proposed crystallization dynamo mechanism may present an alternative to mergers in explaining the early appearance of magnetism in the observed population. However, the magnetic diffusion time from the convective dynamo to the white dwarf’s surface delays the magnetic field’s breakout time $t_{\rm break}\gt t_{\rm cryst}$. We compute $t_{\rm break}(M)$ for CO and ONe ultramassive white dwarfs and compare it to the local 40 pc volume-limited sample. We find that the breakout time from CO cores is too long to account for the observations. ONe crystallization dynamos remain a viable option, but their surrounding non-convective envelopes comprise only a few per cent of the total mass, such that $t_{\rm break}$ is highly sensitive to the details of stellar evolution.
Bacterial histone HBb from Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus compacts DNA by bending
Authors: Hu Yimin , Schwab Samuel , Deiss Silvia , Escudeiro Pedro , van Heesch Thor , Joiner Joe D , Vreede Jocelyne , Hartmann Marcus D , Lupas Andrei N , Alvarez Birte Hernandez , Alva Vikram , Dame Remus T 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Histones are essential for genome compaction and transcription regulation in eukaryotes, where they assemble into octamers to form the nucleosome core. In contrast, archaeal histones assemble into dimers that form hypernucleosomes upon DNA binding. Although histone homologs have been identified in bacteria recently, their DNA-binding characteristics remain largely unexplored. Our study reveals that the bacterial histone HBb (Bd0055) is indispensable for the survival of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus, suggesting critical roles in DNA organization and gene regulation. By determining crystal structures of free and DNA-bound HBb, we unveil its distinctive dimeric assembly, diverging from those of eukaryotic and archaeal histones, while also elucidating how it binds and bends DNA through interaction interfaces reminiscent of eukaryotic and archaeal histones. Building on this, by employing various biophysical and biochemical approaches, we further substantiated the ability of HBb to bind and compact DNA by bending in a sequence-independent manner. Finally, using DNA affinity purification and sequencing, we reveal that HBb binds along the entire genomic DNA of B. bacteriovorus without sequence specificity. These distinct DNA-binding properties of bacterial histones, showcasing remarkable similarities yet significant differences from their archaeal and eukaryotic counterparts, highlight the diverse roles histones play in DNA organization across all domains of life.
National survey of patient perspectives on cost discussions among recipients of copay assistance
Authors: Lam Anh B , Nipp Ryan David , Hasler Jill S , Hu Bonnie Y , Zahner Greg J , Robbins Sarina , Wheeler Stephanie B , Tagai Erin K , Miller Suzanne M , Peppercorn Jeffrey M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Individuals with cancer and other medical conditions often experience financial concerns from high costs-of-care and may utilize copay assistance programs (CAP). We sought to describe CAP recipients’ experiences/preferences for cost discussions with clinicians.

Methods
We conducted a national, cross-sectional electronic-survey from 10/2022 to 11/2022 of CAP recipients with cancer or autoimmune conditions to assess patient perspectives on cost discussions. We used multivariable logistic regression models to explore associations of patient perspectives on cost discussions with patient characteristics and patient-reported outcomes (eg, financial toxicity, depression/anxiety, and health literacy).

Results
Among 1,566 participants, 71% had cancer and 29% had autoimmune conditions. Although 62% of respondents desired cost discussions, only 32% reported discussions took place. Additionally, 52% of respondents wanted their doctor to consider out-of-pocket costs when deciding the best treatment, and 61% of respondents felt doctors should ensure patients can afford treatment prescribed. Participants with depression symptoms were more likely to want doctors to consider out-of-pocket costs (OR = 1.54, P = .005) and to believe doctors should ensure patients can afford treatment (OR = 1.60, P = .005). Those with severe financial toxicity were more likely to desire cost discussions (OR = 1.65, P &lt; .001) and want doctors to consider out-of-pocket costs (OR = 1.52, P = .001). Participants with marginal/inadequate health literacy were more likely to desire cost discussions (OR = 1.37, P = .01) and believe doctors should ensure patients can afford treatment (OR = 1.30, P = .036).

Conclusions
In this large sample of CAP recipients with cancer and autoimmune conditions, most reported a desire for cost discussions, but under one-third reported such discussions took place.
Classical realism and the challenge of global economic governance
Authors: Kirshner Jonathan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper considers the prospects for global economic governance from the perspective of classical realism. It explains why, from this perspective, the American-led liberal international order, is over—and is not coming back. Classical realism anticipates a US renunciation of the orchestration of global governance, one rooted principally in shifts in its purpose, rather than by changes to its relative capabilities. This transformation of American purpose is a consequence of its domestic politics—in particular, the rise in economic inequality, the emergence of plutocracy, and the dysfunctional political polarization stimulated by those trends—a predictable result of a tectonic shift in the culture of capitalism from one associated with the ‘compromise of embedded liberalism’ towards the exaltation of ‘shareholder value’. This yields pessimistic conclusions not only about American foreign policy, which is likely to be more short-sighted, mercurial, and transactionalist, but also regarding the prospects for global economic governance. Realism sees international cooperation as challenging to establish and maintain, given the consequences of anarchy. In the coming years, episodes of cooperation will surely emerge, but they will likely be ad-hoc, mini-lateral, and fragile. Orchestrating ambitious schemes of global economic governance is less likely when a predominant power has lost interest in such things.
De-risking regional geopolitics
Authors: Evans Gareth 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This note describes the restraint which will be needed for China and the US to embrace and sustain the kind of détente which dramatically thawed relations between the US and Soviet Union. For the United States, the restraint that is needed is to step back from demanding recognition of its continued primacy; Washington should recognize that China is no longer prepared to be just a rule-taker, but is determined to be a major player in international rule-making. For China restraint is necessary partly because its recently reasserted territorial claims over the South China Sea are indefensible in international law, and also because it has recently played a much more active spoiling role on human rights issues than it did in the past. Australia, and other countries in the Asia-Pacific region, have an important role to play in encouraging the US and China to do what is needed.
Disinformation, influence, and hybrid threats: thoughts from Singapore
Authors: Jayakumar Shashi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis article details Singapore’s efforts against disinformation and state-sponsored subversion. The methods examined include both legal and non-legal measures that have been enacted (with the broader canvas, also examined, of what other nations have attempted to shore up their own defences). The article also discusses economic coercion: the issue is not in itself new, but has in recent years been tinged with added potency on account of the wider geopolitical struggle for the commanding heights between the United States and China. Some consideration is also given at the conclusion to the way forward: what nations need to do in the face of emergent challenges (including generative AI) which might further complement the already impressive toolkit of malign actors.
Why do we think? The dynamics of spontaneous thought reveal its functions
Authors: Mildner Judith N , Tamir Diana I 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Spontaneous thought—mind wandering, daydreaming, and creative ideation—makes up most of everyday cognition. Is this idle thought, or does it serve an adaptive function? We test two hypotheses about the functions of spontaneous thought: First, spontaneous thought improves memory efficiency. Under this hypothesis, spontaneous thought should prioritize detailed, vivid episodic simulations. Second, spontaneous thought helps us achieve our goals. Under this hypothesis, spontaneous thought should prioritize content relevant to ongoing goal pursuits, or current concerns. We use natural language processing and machine learning to quantify the dynamics of thought in a large sample (N = 3,359) of think aloud data. Results suggest that spontaneous thought both supports memory optimization and keeps us focused on current concerns.
Eventually fixed points of endomorphisms of virtually free groups
Authors: Carvalho André 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
We consider the subgroup of points of finite orbit through the action of an endomorphism of a finitely generated virtually free group, with particular emphasis on the subgroup of eventually fixed points, $\text{EvFix}(\varphi)$: points whose orbit contains a fixed point. We provide an algorithm to compute the subgroup of fixed points of an endomorphism of a finitely generated virtually free group and prove that finite orbits have cardinality bounded by a computable constant, which allows us to solve several algorithmic problems: deciding if φ is a finite order element of $\text{End}(G)$, if φ is aperiodic, if $\text{EvFix}(\varphi)$ is finitely generated and if $\text{EvFix}(\varphi)$ is a normal subgroup. In the cases where $\text{EvFix}(\varphi)$ is finitely generated, we also present a bound for its rank and an algorithm to compute a generating set.