bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF EXCLUSION FENCES ON THE COLONIZATION OF RUTABAGAS BY CABBAGE FLIES (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE)
Authors: Vernon Robert S. , Mackenzie John R. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA specially constructed fence was developed to exclude cabbage flies, Delia radicum (L.), from plantings of rutabaga. The number of first-flight female D. radicum caught on traps inside fenced enclosures declined linearly with fence height from 0 to 90 cm. Females caught in plots surrounded by a 90 cm high fence were 80.6 and 82.8% fewer than in open check plots in 1991 and 1992, respectively. The percentage of transplanted rutabagas killed by cabbage maggot in the 90 cm high enclosures was 1.4% in 1991 and 25.5% in 1992, compared with 11.8 and 84.5% in the open check plots, respectively. The mean damage index rating for rutabagas was severe in the open check plots but slight in the 90 cm high enclosures in 1991. Only 1.2% of rutabagas in the open check plots would have been of marketable grade in 1991, compared with 54% in the 90-cm enclosures. The mean damage rating was highest in the open check plots in 1992, but damage was also severe in all fenced plots due to the heavy infestation levels that year. The potential of exclusion fences for use in pest-management programs for rutabagas and other brassica crops is discussed.
SEASONAL OCCURRENCE OF LEPIDOPTEROUS PESTS OF CRUCIFEROUS CROPS IN SOUTHWESTERN QUEBEC IN RELATION TO DEGREE-DAY ACCUMULATIONS
Authors: Godin Claude , Boivin Guy 
Published: April 2011

AbstractEggs, larvae, and adults of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), and imported cabbageworm, Artogeia rapae (L.), were monitored on cabbage, broccoli, and brussels sprouts [Brassica oleracea (L.) var. capitata, italica, and gemmifera] for 2 years in southwestern Quebec. The first eggs and adults of P. xylostella were observed during the first week of June, and the use of pheromone traps combined with plant sampling permitted detection of three to four generations on each cultivar type. However, adult counts in pheromone traps were not correlated with the number of eggs and larvae on plants. The date at which each generation appeared and their duration varied little between the three Brassica cultivars. An average of 352.7 degree-days (DD) above 7.3 °C were required to complete one generation, but the considerable overlap between generations reduced the usefulness of DD accumulations to predict P. xylostella occurrence. Visual counts of adult A. rapae and plant sampling of eggs and larvae permitted detection of three generations of this species on each cultivar type. The first A. rapae eggs were found during the last week of May, at least 2 weeks before adults were observed. However, butterfly counts were generally correlated with the number of larvae on plants. The dates at which each generation of A. rapae started were similar between cultivar types, and an average of 319.7 DD above 10.0 °C was required to complete one generation.
RESISTANCE TO THE FLEA BEETLE PHYLLOTRETA CRUCIFERAE (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) IN FALSE FLAX, CAMELINA SATIVA (BRASSICACEAE)
Authors: Pachagounder Palaniswamy , Lamb Robert J. , Bodnaryk Robert P. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractFeeding damage by the crucifer flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze), was assessed on 51 accessions of false flax, Camelina sativa L., and compared with damage to seven other crucifer species. Three experiments were conducted on seedlings in laboratory arenas infested with field-collected beetles. Feeding damage was estimated visually at daily intervals for up to 7 days. Natural infestation of false flax and other crucifers was observed in the field. Flea beetles fed little (0–10% consumption) on cotyledons or true leaves of any of the false flax accessions, and fed more (59–100% consumption) on the other crucifers. Flea beetles were observed sitting on false flax in the field, sometimes in high numbers, but they did not feed. In the laboratory, beetles eventually fed on cotyledons and leaves and once feeding was initiated, it tended to continue. Resistance in false flax may result from the absence of cues that initiate feeding, rather than a feeding deterrent. The high level of resistance in false flax would likely be economically beneficial if this species is developed as an oilseed crop. False flax could also be useful experimentally for identifying the cues that attract flea beetles to plants and stimulate their feeding.
A History Of Grasshopper Abundance Surveys And Forecasts Of Outbreaks In Saskatchewan
Authors: Riegert Paul W. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractSaskatchewan had periodic outbreaks of grasshoppers long before the arrival of settlers. With the advent of agriculture these insects threatened the production of cereal and forage crops and necessitated the implementation of extensive control procedures. The effectiveness of control could be enhanced if farmers and government agencies were alerted and informed of the probable intensity and area of outbreak in the coming year. This lead to the initiation of forecasting the expected outbreaks, first, by questioning local persons as to the density, egg laying activities, and damage caused by local grasshopper populations and, secondly, by the inauguration of a special survey system of assessing abundance. Current populations of grasshopper adults or eggs were counted in all arable land areas of the province and rated in four categories of potential outbreak or hazard. The mapping of such ratings in their respective locations resulted in the production of a forecast map which indicated areas of probable light, moderate, severe, or very severe outbreak the following year. In Saskatchewan such maps have been produced annually since 1931 and are reproduced here. They represent the changing scene of grasshopper abundance in the past 36 years and have been accepted by agriculturists as a standard reference to be considered for sound agricultural production in the province.
REVIEW OF HOLARCTIC TARSONEMID MITES (ACARINA: PROSTIGMATA) PARASITIZING EGGS OF IPINE BARK BEETLES
Authors: Lindquist Evert E. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA group of tarsonemid mites, which are egg parasites of ipine bark beetles, is reviewed on a Holarctic basis. The genus Iponemus (new name for Moseria Beer and Nucifora) is proposed and described for the group, and 24 species or subspecies, including 19 described as new, are described, keyed, and illustrated. A detailed species-group description follows the generic description, and includes several structures hitherto not reported for species of Tarsonemidae. The variation and usefulness of the few characters available for distinguishing forms of Iponemus is discussed, and the provisional treatment of some forms as species and others as subspecies is explained.These mites are among the most host-specific associates of scolytid beetles: 16 of the 18 species or subspecies of Iponemus associated with the nearctic, pine-feeding ipines are monospecific, and each of the other two is restricted to two closely related species of hosts. The mites and the beetles together are considered with regard to size correlations, the degree of host specificity, the mites as taxonomic indicators of their hosts, biogeography, life history, and the role of egg parasitism by the mites in the population regulation of their hosts.
A REVISION OF THE ALLECULIDAE (COLEOPTERA) OF THE WEST INDIES
Authors: Campbell J. M. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractEleven genera and 70 species of West Indian Alleculidae are revised. All known taxa of the family from the Bahama Islands, the Greater and Lesser Antilles, and the Cayman Islands are included. Five new genera (Parahymenorus, Latacula, Notacula, Obesacula, and Punctacula) are described and three genera are recorded from the West Indies for the first time (Cteisa, Pseudocistela, and Allecula). All five of the described subgenera of Lobopoda are recorded from the region, Glabrilobopoda for the first time. Forty-seven new species and one new subspecies are described in the genera Pseudocistela, Lobopoda, Allecula, Hymenorus, Parahymenorus, Latacula, Notacula, Obesacula, and Punctacula. Cistelopsis striatus Pic is transferred to the genus Hymenorus.Keys to the genera, subgenera, species, and subspecies are presented. All taxa are described or redescribed and major diagnostic characters are illustrated. Habitus illustrations are included for each genus. A zoogeographic discussion of the taxa, including distributional tables, is presented.
LARVAL SKETCHES OF SOME MICROLEPIDOPTERA, CHIEFLY NORTH AMERICAN
Authors: MacKay Margaret Rae 
Published: April 2011

AbstractPresented here, with notes, are 55 plates of illustrations: 48 are larval sketches representing 48 species in 18 families of Microlepidoptera; the remaining seven are scanning electron micrographs of larvae of three of the families, Lyonetiidae, Bucculatrigidae, and Stigmellidae. The illustrations suggest interesting affinities in some instances, are useful as identification aids, and show structural details not hitherto observed or recognized as important taxonomically.
REVISION OF THE GENUS CYMBIODYTA BED. (COLEOPTERA: HYDROPHILIDAE)
Authors: Smetana Aleš 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA revision of the genus Cymbiodyta Bed. (Hydrophilidae: Hydrobiinae) is presented including a short historical review and a discussion of diagnostic characters and techniques. Twenty-nine species are recognized. Twelve species and two subspecies are described as new. C. hatchi D. C. Miller, 1964 is placed in synonymy with C. pacifica Leech, 1948, and C. morata Horn, 1890, with C. dorsalis (Motschulsky, 1859). Neotypes are designated for C. vindicata Fall and C. acuminata Fall; lectotypes are designated for C. brevicollis (Sharp), C. fraterculus (Sharp), C. morata Horn, C. polita (Sharp), and C. blanchardi Horn.The genus is divided into 11 species groups. A key to species is provided. Each species is described and illustrated, and all available bionomic and distributional data are presented. Distributional records are mapped.
THE LYGUS BUGS (GENUS LYGUS HAHN) OF NORTH AMERICA (HETEROPTERA: MIRIDAE)
Authors: Kelton Leonard A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe genus Lygus Hahn is revised for North America. The new synonyms (to the left of the equal sign) are: ceanothi var. deliticus Knight = humeralis Knight; convexicollis var. coloratus Knight and dolichorhynchus Stanger = convexicollis Reuter; nigritus Knight = ravus Stanger; brindleyi and fultoni Knight = robustus (Uhler); superiorensis Knight = columbiensis Knight; frisoni Knight = rubroclarus Knight; nigrosignatus Knight = elisus Van Duzee; ultranubilus Knight and epelys Hussey = nubilus Van Duzee; and nubilosus Knight and usingeri Stanger = nubilatus Knight. The 34 species known to occur in North America are: abroniae Van Duzee, aeratus Knight, atriflavus Knight, atritibialis Knight, borealis (Kelton), bradleyi Knight, ceanothi Knight, columbiensis Knight, convexicollis Reuter, desertinus Knight, elisus Van Duzee, hesperus Knight, humeralis Knight, lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), mexicanus Kelton, nigropallidus Knight, nubilatus Knight, nubilus Van Duzee, oregonae Knight, perplexus Stanger, plagiatus (Uhler), potentillae Kelton, ravus Stanger, robustus (Uhler), rolfsi Knight, rubroclarus Knight, rubrosignatus Knight, rufidorsus (Kelton), shulli Knight, solidaginis (Kelton), striatus Knight, unctuosus (Kelton), vanduzeei Knight, and varius Knight.Species are redescribed, seasonal variations in size and colour are discussed, and distribution maps and host plants are included. The adult males are illustrated and a key for their identification is given.
THE NEPTICULIDAE (LEPIDOPTERA) OF CANADA
Authors: Wilkinson Christopher , Scoble M. J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA taxonomic revision, including descriptions, diagnoses, and bibliographies, is given of the genera and species of the family Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) so far collected in Canada. In addition, extensive material from the U.S.A. and a number of specimens from Europe have been examined. Five new species and two new subspecies are described. Notes on the biology of the species have been collated from rearing records, label data, and the relevant literature. With one exception all existing types have been examined and, in addition, a number of types designated.A major feature of this work is a study of the genitalia of the moths — never before undertaken extensively on the North American Nepticulidae. These structures give valuable diagnostic features and are of fundamental importance in the provision of modern descriptions and keys. As genitalia characters are thought to be the best taxonomic indicators of relationships between species in the Nepticulidae, the species-groups proposed have been mainly defined on these structures.The confusion over the nomenclature of the family name is discussed. Taxonomic histories of the genera are given and one generic synonymy is made.Taxonomic problems are discussed in relation to distribution and food-plant choice. The host-plant associations of the family are reviewed, with reference to the mining habits of the larvae.A prioriuse of host-plant data in the taxonomy of the Nepticulidae is found to be limited. However, the proposed species-groups illustrate a general conclusion that related species tend to feed on plants that are themselves taxonomically related.
A REVISION OF THE GENUSTACHYPORUSGRAVENHORST (COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIDAE) OF NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA
Authors: Campbell J. M. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe 35 species of the genusTachyporusGravenhorst (Staphylindae: Tachyporinae) of North and Central America are revised. Eighteen new species are described:neomexicanus,fenyesi, andhowdenorumfrom the southwestern United States;sharpifrom Mexico and the western United States;blomaefrom Mexico;nigripennisfrom California;dimorphus,pacificus, andstacesmithifrom the Pacific northwest;rulomoidesandbrownifrom southeastern Canada and the northeastern United States; andborealis,canadensis,nimbicola,inornatus,ornatus,lecontei, andflavipennis, which are transcontinental in the United States and Canada. Two European species are reported for the first time from North America:abdominalis(Fabricius) andtransversalisGravenhorst. The following new specific synonymy is proposed:tehamaeBlackwelder (=californicusHorn);temacusBlackwelder,oregonusBlackwelder, andalleniBlackwelder (=mexicanusSharp); andacaudusSay,maculipennisLeConte, andchrysomelinusvar.infuscatusBernhauer (=jocosusSay). The genus is divided into 2 subgenera of whichPalporus(type speciesStaphylinus nitidulusFabricius) is described as new. The subgenusTachyporusis divided into 12 species groups. Each species is described and its distribution is mapped. The male aedeagus and the pattern of elytral chaetotaxy are illustrated for each species. Major generic characters are illustrated with the aid of scanning electron photomicrographs. Neotypes are designated for the Say speciesfaber,jocosus, andacaudusand lectotypes are designated (when needed) for the North and Central American species described by Erichson, LeConte, Horn, Sharp, and Blatchley and for a variety described by Bernhauer. A diagnostic key for all the species is given.
REVISION DES TRICHOPTèRES CANADIENS: II. Les Glossosomatidae et Philopotamidae (Annulipalpia)
Authors: Schmid F. 
Published: April 2011

RésuméLes familles des Glossosomatidae et Philopotamidae comptent respectivement 29 et 14 espèces connues à ce jour du Canada et des Etats adjacents. Dans les pages suivantes, on trouvera les diagnoses familiales, sous-familiales, génériques, subgénériques et spécifiques de tous les taxa constituant ces deux familles, de même que les tables dichotomiques permettant de s'y rapporter. Chaque espèce est décrite et figurée, ses parentés et ses synonymes établis et sa répartition géographique indiquée par une carte géographique la résumant.
THE FLEAS OF CANADA, ALASKA AND GREENLAND (SIPHONAPTERA)
Authors: Holland George P. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn a sense, this book is an expanded version of an earlier work by this author entitled “The Siphonaptera of Canada”, published in 1949. It is extended beyond the political confines of this country and includes treatment of the fauna of Alaska and Greenland, as well as much new distributional information on the fleas of Canada, especially the Canadian north. This latter was made possible by the Northern Insect Survey (1947-1962), mostly directed by the late Dr. T.N. Freeman, which involved the establishment of about 80 field parties in the Arctic and Subarctic Regions of Canada, Alaska and Greenland.A section on flea anatomy in relation to taxonomy is followed by a key to the genera. Then the six families and 15 sub-families, 60 genera and subgenera, and 183 species and subspecies, of fleas are carefully described and illustrated. Under the description of each species is a detailed listing of all specimens available to the author, West to East. This is followed by a host-flea index providing a taxonomic list of all the species of mammals and birds from which fleas have been taken. Distribution maps have been prepared illustrating all the collection records of flea species. Sometimes the known ranges of mammal hosts are included, where there is evidence of a strong host association.
WATER MITES OF PEATLANDS AND MARSHES IN CANADA
Authors: Smith Ian M. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractDistributional, life-history, and ecological data on the water mite fauna of peatlands and marshes in Canada are reviewed and summarized. Just over 100 species representing 24 genera and 13 families are treated. The fauna comprises both residents of permanent water, often opportunistic generalists, and inhabitants of temporary water, typically highly specialized. A total of 35 species is reported from peatland habitats, including 30 from bogs and 17 from fens (12 are represented in both of these habitats), and 41 species from marshes. Inadequacies in the current data are identified, specifically incomplete zoogeographic data, uncertainty of species identifications, and poor definition of wetland habitats. Future projects are proposed to encourage research designed to improve knowledge of water mites in these habitats.
AQUATIC COLEOPTERA OF PEATLANDS AND MARSHES IN CANADA
Authors: Larson David J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA rich fauna of water beetles, comprising 11 families and 485 species, occurs in Canadian peatlands and marshes. These beetles are diverse with respect to morphology, feeding habits, life-history patterns, and even in the degree to which they occur in water. Major adaptations to peatland and marsh habitats are described. Based on species composition, the following regional communities of marsh-inhabiting beetles are recognized: arctic, boreal, Cordilleran, grasslands, and eastern temperate. Peatlands possess a community of beetles similar to that of boreal marshes but contain enough unique elements to warrant separate recognition. However, based on water beetle distribution, it is not possible to subdivide peatlands into bog and fen communities because these habitats have many species in common. Future needs for research on wetland water beetles are identified.
AQUATIC INSECTS OF PEATLANDS AND MARSHES IN CANADA: INTRODUCTION
Authors: Rosenberg David M. , Danks H.V. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn general, the aquatic insects of freshwater wetlands have been inadequately studied despite their apparent importance in wetland habitats, especially in energy and nutrient transfer. The Biological Survey of Canada (Terrestrial Arthropods) recognized the deficiencies in knowledge of taxonomy and ecology of insect species in wetland habitats and sponsored a "Conference on the aquatic insects of peatlands and marshes" in St. Andrews, New Brunswick, on 3 October, 1984. The Conference summarized current knowledge on the systematics and ecology of aquatic insects of Canadian peatlands and marshes, the wetland habitats chosen for emphasis, and sought to identify needs for research on the structure and dynamics of aquatic insect faunas in these habitats. The proceedings of the Conference are published here. The first two papers provide background information on the habitats under consideration and the interactions among invertebrates and vertebrates in these habitats. A second group of papers considers features of the Hydracarina, Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Hemiptera, Trichoptera, Coleoptera, and Diptera in peatlands and marshes. A final paper summarizes data on the occurrence of aquatic insects in bogs, fens, and marshes, addresses broader questions related to the nature of the insect fauna, and identifies needs for further research. By making accessible systematic and ecological information on aquatic insects of Canadian peatlands and marshes, the proceedings should support and encourage further work in these habitats.
RESOURCE MODELLING: ITS NATURE AND USE
Authors: Sands Peter 
Published: April 2011

AbstractTo improve management of resources, such as agricultural crops or forests, scientists attempt to analyse the resource systems and to predict the consequences or outcomes of interventions. They construct models of interactions of components of the systems, drawing on knowledge and experience. In agriculture, five types of models have become common — empirical, crop–weather, crop–growth, crop–system, and crop–process. The models aim mainly to predict crop yields when a series of actions are taken. They differ markedly in complexity, from a simple regression to a series of mechanistic relations aimed at simulating the crop system. The uses to which a model is to be put, and by whom it will be used, are major determinants of the nature of the model so modellers must work with the potential users. In fact, modelling is an exercise in human relations as much as in science. All things being equal, the simpler the model is that meets the objectives of the users, the better are the chances of its being used.
RESEARCH PLANNING AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER: TWO CASE STUDIES IN SUPPORT OF THE WHEAT INDUSTRY
Authors: Cuff Wilfred R. , Hardman J.M. , Mukerji M.K. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractTwo research programs in support of the wheat industry provide insights into mechanisms that can be used in research planning and in technology transfer. Modelling was pivotal in both: in Australia since 1973 in efforts against rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae L., infestations of stored wheat and in Canada since 1970 against grasshopper infestations of wheat fields. The research studies, described in published papers, were designed by the scientists within broad research objectives defined by the employing organizations. A mixture of technical and human considerations determined the direction of the research: the talents of scientific staff combined to capitalize on fortuitous events or situations. Serendipity improved the response to uncertainty in both research and industrial environments. The nature and amount of effort needed to get scientific insights applied varied with the specifics of the scientific insight. A general analysis of technology transfer suggests that, in some cases, application requires the involvement of a variety of nonscientific specialists and that research managers are well positioned to coordinate the efforts. Taken together, the conclusions show that satisfying a need or solving a problem is a task within which research is only one part. Success requires effective communication and compromises among very different people.