bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An outbreak of group B streptococcus infection in a neonatal nursery and subsequent trial for prophylaxis of nosocomial transmission
Authors: TAKAYANAGI TOSHIMITSU , TANAKA HIROYA , YOSHINAGA MUNEYOSHI , AOKI MIKIHIRO , TESHIMA HIDETAKA , FUKUDA MASAFUMI , TSUJI YOSHIROU , HOSHINA KIYOSHI 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAn outbreak of sepsis and meningitis caused by group B streptococcus occurred in three very low birthweight infants. To prevent further nosocomial transmission, immune globulin and ampicillin sodium were administered intravenously to other very low birthweight infants. After this prophylaxis, no other infants were involved in this outbreak. Immuno‐ and chemoprophylaxis may be considered as procedures to prevent nosocomial infection for very low birthweight infants.
A case of intractable diarrhea firmly suspected to have autoimmune enteropathy
Authors: YAMAMOTO HATSUMI , SUGIYAMA KENJI , NOMURA TOYOKI , TAKI MICHIO , OKAZAKI TORU 
Published: January 2011

AbstractProtracted diarrhea with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypothyroidism in a 9 month old Japanese girl who was firmly suspected to have autoimmune enteropathy (AIE) is reported. Her severe secretory diarrhea failed to respond to intensive antidiarrheic treatment and was gradually improved with steroid therapy. The circulating autoantibodies to enterocytes in her serum were detected by indirect immunofluorescence technique and the impaired suppressor T (Ts) cell function was proved by plaque forming assay using bead‐separated CD4 or CD8 T cells together with CD19 B cells. The anti‐enterocyte antibodies were exclusively of immunoglobulin M (IgM) class and were detected with the progress of the protracted diarrhea. Maximum antibody titer was obtained at the onset of DM and the disappearance of autoantibodies was associated with the resolution of the clinical symptoms and signs. The helper functions of adult CD4 T cells to induce Ig‐secreting cells from adult and the patient were strikingly suppressed by adult CD8 T cells. However, the CD8 T cells from the patient lost the ability to inhibit the induction of these Ig‐secreting cells when stimulated with adult CD4 T cells. Moreover, the patient's CD8 T cells stimulated rather than suppressed the induction of Ig‐secreting cells from the patient when stimulated with the patient's CD4 T cells. These results suggest that the impaired Ts cell function in this patient might play some immunological role in the pathogenesis of AIE
An extrapancreatic action of diazoxide to inhibit glucose transport activity on adipocytes
Authors: GOTO YOSHINORI , KIDA KAICHI , KAINO YUKIKAZU , ITO TAKUO , MATSUDA HIROSHI 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe effect of diazoxide on 3‐O‐methylglucose (3‐O‐MG) transport was studied in isolated rat adipocytes to elucidate its extrapancreatic action. Diazoxide (0.3‐3 mmol/L) significantly inhibited 3‐O‐MG uptake into adipocytes in a basal state or an insulin‐stimulated state. The inhibitory effect was mainly due to the inhibition of insulin responsiveness for 3‐O‐MG uptake. The insulin responsiveness is determined by the capacity in the process of insulin action and in the final glucose transport activity, and diazoxide mainly inhibited the 3‐O‐MG transport activity itself. Based on these findings, this extrapancreatic action of diazoxide is considered to contribute partially to raising the blood glucose level in children receiving the drug. Diazoxide, as a glucose transport inhibitor, may be a useful tool for studying the issues related to glucose transport or insulin action.
A study of urinary metabolites in patients with dicarboxylic aciduria for differential diagnosis
Authors: SHIMIZU NOBUO , YAMAGUCHI SEIJI , ORII TADAO 
Published: January 2011

AbstractDicarboxylic aciduria (DCA‐uria) is a relatively common finding in the screening of organic acidemias by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). A considerable number of patients with DCA‐uria are involved in disturbances of mitochondrial and peroxisomal fatty acid β‐oxidation. The differential diagnosis of DCA‐uria was investigated using a combination of organic acid analysis by GC/MS, carnitine determination, acylcarnitines by fast atom bombardment/mass spectrometry (FAB/MS) and acylglycines by stable‐isotope dilution analysis. The relative distribution of urinary metabolites was examined in 46 patients with DCA‐uria of different origins, including physiological ketosis of childhood, disorders of propionic acid metabolism, glutaric aciduria type II, Zellweger syndrome and patients who were clinically diagnosed as having Reye syndrome.Zellweger syndrome seemed to be distinguishable from other disorders by the high sebacic acid/adipic acid ratio of DCA‐uria and increased excretion of 4‐hydroxyphenyllactic acid and 2‐hydroxysebacic acid. The mild form of glutaric aciduria type II was often missed by current organic acid analysis alone, but was readily diagnosed by acylcarnitine and acylglycine determination.The ratio of free/total carnitine was low in most of the DCA‐uria patients except for two of five cases of Zellweger syndrome and one of three cases of Reye syndrome. The acylcarnitine analysis by FAB/MS showed adipyl‐, suberyl‐, sebacyl‐ or dodecanedioylcarnitine as major peaks in most of these patients, although these were not specific. Disease‐specific peaks were detectable only in congenital organic acidemias such as glutaric aciduria type II, methylmalonic acidemia and propionic acidemia.
Effect of specific immunotherapy in Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus allergic children
Authors: KÖKER ORKIDE , GUNEŞER SEVAL , ALTINTAS DERYA , KOZANOGLU MUSTAFA 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe effect of immunotherapy on 21 Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dpt)‐sensitive patients (15 children with extrinsic asthma and six children with extrinsic asthma plus allergic rhinitis) aged 8.9±0.71 years was studied. Their subjective and objective respiratory symptom score was recorded before beginning and after the first year of immunotherapy. The respiratory subjective symptoms, such as cough day/night, running nose, sputum production, sneezing, shortness of breath at night and asthma attacks, decreased significantly from pretreatment level (P < 0.05). The objective symptoms, such as wheezing, dyspnea with prolonged expiration, sibilant rales and retractions score, gradually decreased during treatment (P < 0.01). Total eosinophil count decreased in 76.2% of patients after immunotherapy (P < 0.01). While total immunoglobulin E (IgE) decreased in 81% of patients and specific IgE for Dpt decreased in 90.5% of patients, specific IgG for Dpt increased in 76% of patient (P < 0.001). Our results suggested that rising IgG and falling IgE values do not always coexist in the patients who benefit from immunotherapy.
Circadian rhythm of the autonomic nervous system in long QT syndrome
Authors: KATO HITOSHI , YANAGAWA YUKISHIGE 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe circadian changes in the activity of the autonomic nervous system in a group showing long QT duration in electrocardiogram (ECG) were studied in order to differentiate symptomatic congenital long QT syndrome from asymptomatic. The asymptomatic group presented only long QT duration (QTc > 0.46). Seven girls and two boys, including two subjects experiencing syncope of non‐neurological origins, were examined by using heart rate (HR) power spectrum analysis. In three subjects, the peak of the high frequency band, indicating the parasympathetic activity, disappeared during night‐time (sleep), which means the possibility of a high risk of sudden cardiac death. In two of three subjects, moreover, the averaged sympathetic activity during daytime was significantly increased compared to that during night‐time, in addition to the abrupt increase of sympathetic activity in the morning. These two subjects, in which one boy had a family history of Romano‐Ward syndrome, were the same people experiencing the syncope attack. We succeeded in objectively elucidating that congenital long QT syndrome is adrenergic‐dependent, and suggest that HR power spectrum analysis may be of value in distinguishing symptomatic congenital long QT syndrome from asymptomatic showing only long QT duration.
Erythromycin improves gastrointestinal motility in extremely low birthweight infants
Authors: KUBOTA MASAYA , NAKAMURA TOSHIHIKO , MOTOKURA TAKANORI , MORI SUMITO , NISHIDA AKIRA 
Published: January 2011

AbstractErythromycin (EM) was administered to five extremely low birthweight infants (ELBWI) with delayed enteral feeding to evaluate the clinical effect on severely impaired gastrointestinal motility. Five patients studied responded well to EM administration without any adverse effects during the course. Four patients were given 15–30 mg/kg per day EM intravenously as a loading and thereafter 3–5 mg/kg per day as a maintenance dose. One patient responded well without loading. The infants could be fed enterally 4, 5, 6, 4 and 2 days after the initiation of EM administration, respectively. Erythromycin administration is a safe and useful way to facilitate gastrointestinal motility in ELBWI who require prolonged ventilator support with an increased risk for nutrient deprivation.
Transient erythroblastopenia due to human parvovirus B19 infection: A case report of a boy suffering from purpura
Authors: MIYATA HIROSHI , YAGI KAZUROU , TAKEMURA TUKASA , MAKI SUNAO 
Published: January 2011

AbstractTransient erythroblastopenia of childhood (TEC) was observed in a boy infected by human parvovirus B19 (B19) before the manifestation of the typical clinical picture of erythema infectiosum (EI). He did not have any apparent symptoms of anemia, and spontaneous resolution of erythroblastopenia was observed before the manifestation of the symptoms of EI. The difference between primary B19 infection and classical TEC is discussed.
Effect of surfactant lavage in a rabbit model of meconium aspiration syndrome
Authors: OHAMA YOICHI , ITAKURA YUKINO , KOYAMA NORIHISA , EGUCHI HIDESHI , OGAWA YUNOSUKE 
Published: January 2011

AbstractMeconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) is a frequent cause of respiratory distress in neonates. Recent reports have suggested that surfactant dysfunction contributes to the pathophysiology of MAS and surfactant therapy improves oxygenation of infants with MAS. We evaluated the effect of bronchial lavage with surfactant solution in a rabbit model of meconium aspiration. All animals were given 5 mL/kg of a 20% slurry of human meconium into the endotracheal tube and mechanically ventilated. The animals were then divided into saline lavage (n = 5) or surfactant lavage (n = 5). Lavage was performed an hour after meconium instillation. After the lavage the total amount of meconium recovered was measured. Blood gas was monitored during the experiment. The amount of meconium recovered by saline lavage was 14%, and by surfactant lavage was 57%. The surfactant group had a significant improvement in gas exchange, whereas the saline group had no improvement. It was concluded that the lavage with surfactant solution effectively washed out meconium and improved gas exchange in rabbit model of MAS.
Ventricle works as a converting organ of atrial blood flow: Physiological significance of mean ventricular pressure
Authors: SENZAKI HIDEAKI , HISHI TOSHIO , UEDA JUNKO , SAKAKIHARA YOICHI , KAMOSHITA SHIGEHIKO 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe roles and characteristics of the ventricle were examined using mean ventricular pressure (MVP) in ventricular‐vascular assocation.One hundred and two patients with congenital heart diseases who had undergone cardiac catheterization were studied. They were divided into five groups: Group 1, atrial septal defect without pulmonary hypertension (PH); Group 2, ventricular septal defect (VSD) without PH; Group 3, VSD with PH; Group 4, pulmonary valvular stenosis; and Group 5 as a control group. Then, we examined the relationships between mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) and mean right ventricular pressure (MRVP), and also between mean systemic arterial pressure (MSAP) and mean left ventricular pressure (MLVP) among the five groups. Furthermore, we defined new indicators to express the ease of blood flow through each ventricle. They were referred to as a conductance of the right ventricle (CDR) and a conductance of the left ventricle (CDL), respectively. Then they were compared among the five groups.The values of MPAP/MRVP and MSAP/MLVP were kept constant to be about 1.3 and 1.7, respectively. Furthermore, CDR was different betweeen each group according to the property of the pulmonary vascular bed, whereas CDL took almost the same value among the five groups.The ventricle works as a converter of atrial blood flow so that it can achieve efficient blood transport.
A flow cytometric method for measurement of hydrogen peroxide generation by pediatric polymorphonuclear leukocytes stimulated by Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli
Authors: IHARA TOSHIAKI , YAMAWAKI KATSUHIRO , FUJIWARA TAKASHI , KITAMURA KENJI , SAKURAI MINORU , KAMIYA HITOSHI 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), one of the reactive oxygen species, by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) stimulated by Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was studied in infants by cytofluorography. After heparhized whole blood was incubated with bacteria for 60 min, generated H2O2 was measured. The positive rate of H2O2 generation of PMN and mean fluorescent intensity of positive PMN stimulated by S. aureus and E. coli were significantly reduced in infants aged < 1 year and H2O2 generation increased with advancing age. In 10–15 year old children, the level of generated H2O2 reached adult levels. When sera from 1 year old children were added to separated PMN from healthy adults, H2O2 generation was reduced. In contrast, H2O2 generation by PMN from 1 year old children was increased by the addition of adult sera.These results suggest that the ability to generate H2O2 in response to S. aureus and E. coli is lower in infants and that such reduced activity may be related to the susceptibility of such infants to S. aureus and E. coli infections.
Water balance, electrolytes and acid‐base balance in extremely premature infants
Authors: TAKAHASHI NAOTO , HOSHI JUN , NISHIDA HIROSHI 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThere are few reported studies of water balance and electrolyte abnormalities in extremely low birth‐weight (ELBW) infants weighing < 1000 g nursed in high humidity. We retrospectively analyzed water balance, electrolyte and acid‐base balance in 100 ELBW infants, of whom 72 were appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and 28 were small for gestational age (SGA). They were cared for in closed incubators at almost full ambient humidity. Fluid intake was restricted to 50–60 mL/kg on the first day of life and was adjusted to maintain normal serum Na concentration.Weight loss in AGA and SGA infants was 21.6 and 16.7%, respectively, and was associated with large urine volume rather than insensible water loss. The incidence of hypernatremia (> 150 mEq/L) and hyponatremia (< 130 mEq/L) was 8.0 and 33.3%, respectively. The incidence of hyperkalemia in AGA infants was 37.0%, and 14.8% in the SGA group. However, hyperkalemia requiring treatment was rare. The incidence of late metabolic acidosis in AGA and SGA infants was 84.6 and 37.5%, respectively (P< 0.01). The difference in water balance and electrolyte abnormalities in AGA and SGA infants needs to be taken into account in managing ELBW infants.
Influence of smoke exposure on serum IgE levels of atopic patients
Authors: ATICI AYTUĜ , GÜNEŞER SEVAL , ALPARSLAN NAZAN , ANTMEN BÜLENT , YILMAZ MUSTAFA , ÖNENLI NESLIHAN 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe effect of environmental tobacco smoke on serum total immunogobulin E (IgE) of respiratory allergic patients was evaluated in this study. A total of 558 patients with respiratory allergies (311 boys and 248 girls) aged between 1 and 17 years (mean 6.92 ± 3.81 years) were included. None of the subjects were active smokers. IgE levels were significantly higher in children with smoking parents compared with non‐smokers (P < 0.05). Children with smoking mothers were found to have higher levels of IgE than children with smoking fathers. The highest level of IgE was found in children when both parents were smokers (P < 0.005).
A case of maple syrup urine disease misdiagnosed as Tetanus neonatorum on admission
Authors: KÜLTÜRSAY N. , KÜTÜKÇÜLER N. , BÜYÜKGEBIZ B. , KLEIJER WJ 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA case of Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD) is presented with clinical signs and symptoms on admission resembling neonatal tetanus. Diagnosis had to be differentiated between MSUD and other metabolic disorders and neonatal infections (especially neonatal tetanus because of severe opisthotonos) and generalized seizures of the patient. Early diagnosis of the MSUD patient is very important for effective therapy and better long‐term prognosis as well as genetic counselling and prenatal diagnosis for future pregnancies.
Successful anti‐D immunoglobulin therapy in refractory chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura showing reduction in thrombocytes even after splenectomy
Authors: SHIBUYA ATSUSHI , DANYA NAOHIRO , SHINOZAWA TAKASHI 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAn 8 year old female child was treated with steroid hormones, anabolic steroid hormones and high dose γ‐globulin therapy for 2 years since being diagnosed with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura at the age of 6 years. Treatment produced only transient efficacy, and thrombocytopenia persisted. A scintigram taken 2 years after the onset of the disease using [l25 I]‐labelled heated auto red cells revealed accumulation of radioactivities in the spleen, and therefore splenectomy was performed. However, thrombocytopenia (10 times 109/L) developed again 3 weeks after the operation, for which she was treated again with high dose γ‐globulin with only transient recovery. Then, anti‐D immunoglobulin was injected intramuscularly at 250 μg per dose for a total of four doses and the platelet count was restored to the normal range. Since then her platelet count has been maintained higher than 200 times 109/L for these 11 months. The scintigram taken after splenectomy showed an accumulation of radioactivities in the liver. After administration of anti‐D immunoglobulin, transient subclinical hemolysis appeared. The mechanism whereby anti‐D immunoglobulin exerts the efficacy described here may be considered to be by blockage of Fc receptors of macrophages, as is the case for high dose γ‐globulin therapy. However, since the recovery in the platelet count persisted, it appears that changes in the immune system other than the above described mechanism have contributed to the recovery.
Developmental brain‐stem pathology in sudden infant death syndrome
Authors: TAKASHIMA SACHIO , MITO TAKASHI , YAMANOUCHI HIDEO 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe brain‐stems of control and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) infants were examined developmentally with Golgi and immunohistochemical methods. The development of dendritic spines changed dramatically from the prenatal to postnatal period in the ventrolateral medulla as well as in the reticular formation and vagal nuclei in controls, but persisted in SIDS infants. These observations suggest a delay in maturation of the meduallary respiratory neurons and transneuronal connection between the central chemoreceptor and neural respiratory center in SIDS. In addition, substance P (SP)‐positive nerve fibers were increased in the pons of SIDS infants. An increased activity in the afferent SP neurons in SIDS may be due to chronic hypoxia as in brain‐stem gliosis, and may be involved in cardiorespiratory regulation.
The real status of sudden infant death (SIDS) in forensic medicine
Authors: AKIKO SAWAGUCHI , MASATO FUNAYAMA , TOSHIKO SAWAGUCHI 
Published: January 2011

AbstractTo comprehend the real status of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in forensic medicine, a statistical study was conducted on 156 cases subjected to medico‐legal autopsies at university medical schools throughout Japan from 1987 to 1991 and diagnosed as SIDS. Furthermore, 138 cases that had been subjected to autopsies at the Tokyo Medical Examiner's Office and given the diagnosis of SIDS were evaluated for comparison. It was noted that the incidence of SIDS diagnosed at each facility has increased.
Effect of varicella zoster virus antigen‐antibody complexes on hydrogen peroxide generation by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes
Authors: FUJIWARA TAKASHI , IHARA TOSHIAKI , YAMAWAKI KATSUHIRO , ITO MASAHIRO , KAMIYA HITOSHI , SAKURAI MINORU 
Published: January 2011

AbstractHydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) incubated with varicella zoster virus (VZV) antigen was studied by cytofluorography. Hydrogen peroxide generation was detected in the presence of VZV‐seropositive sera. When seropositive sera were heat‐inactivated, H2O2 generation was reduced. When PMN were pre‐incubated with Leu‐1 1b, a monoclonal antibody to the Fc receptor on PMN, H2O2 generation was also reduced. These results suggest that VZV antigen‐antibody‐complement complexes induce H2O2 generation by PMN after these complexes attach to Fc receptors on PMN.
A multicenter, randomized, controlled trial of intravenous gamma globulin therapy in children with acute Kawasaki disease
Authors: MORIKAWA YOSHIYUKI , OHASHI YASUO , HARADA KENSUKE , ASAI TOSHIO , OKAWA SUMIO , NAGASHIMA MASAMI , KATOH TOSHIYUKI , BABA KUNIZO , FURUSHO KENSHI , OKUNI MASAHIKO , OSANO MITSURU 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe studied the effect of intravenous, polyethyleneglycol‐treated, human immunoglobulin, administered at 200 mg/kg per day (group A: n = 147; male 86, female 61; age < 1 year, 50) or 400 mg/kg per day (group B: n = 152; male 87, female 65; age < l year, 52) for five consecutive days and compared it with freeze‐dried, sulfonated human immunoglobulin [group C: n = 152; male 87, female 65; age < 1 year, 51), administered at 200 mg/kg per day for five consecutive days, on the prevention of coronary artery abnormalities in Kawasaki disease. Echocardiograms were interpreted blindly and independently. Proportions of 87.1%, 95.4%, and 82.3% in groups A, B, and C, respectively, had no coronary artery abnormalities. The confidence limits of difference between the proportions of groups A and C, groups B and C, and groups B and A were −4.4% and 10.4%, 7.8% and 15.9%, and 4.0% and 10.8%, respectively. Duration of fever and serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels were correlated with the prevalence of coronary artery abnormalities. We concluded that intravenous, polyethyleneglycol‐treated, human immunoglobulin and freeze‐dried, sulfonated human immunoglobulin had clinically equivalent effects on coronary artery abnormalities, and that five daily doses of 400 mg/kg of intravenous, polyethyleneglycol‐treated, human immunoglobulin is more effective than that of 200 mg/kg gamma globulin.
Aberrant distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase and substance P in infants with brain‐stem infarction
Authors: NISHIMURA ATUSHI , TAKASHIMA SACHIO , MITO TAKASHI , BECKER LAURENCE E. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and substance P (SP) was examined in the brain‐stem of 4 infants with respiratory abnormalities associated with remote brain‐stem or cerebellar infarction utilizing immunohistochemical methods. TH‐immunoreactive cells and SP‐immunoreactive fibers were found in and around the area of the infarction in the tegmentum, in amounts and sites different from that seen in controls. The aberrant localization of SP and TH may represent an altered repair process associated with resolution of the infarction and may be related to abnormal respiratory control or sudden death.