bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of Pain Modulation by Sex Hormones in Migraine
Authors: Gupta Saurabh , McCarson Kenneth E. , Welch K.M.A. , Berman Nancy E.J. 
Published: June 2011

(Headache 2011;51:905‐922)A number of pain conditions, acute as well as chronic, are much more prevalent in women, such as temporomandibular disorder (TMD), irritable bowel syndrome, fibromyalgia, and migraine. The association of female sex steroids with these nociceptive conditions is well known, but the mechanisms of their effects on pain signaling are yet to be deciphered. We reviewed the mechanisms through which female sex steroids might influence the trigeminal nociceptive pathways with a focus on migraine. Sex steroid receptors are located in trigeminal circuits, providing the molecular substrate for direct effects. In addition to classical genomic effects, sex steroids exert rapid nongenomic actions to modulate nociceptive signaling. Although there are only a handful of studies that have directly addressed the effect of sex hormones in animal models of migraine, the putative mechanisms can be extrapolated from observations in animal models of other trigeminal pain disorders, like TMD. Sex hormones may regulate sensitization of trigeminal neurons by modulating expression of nociceptive mediator such as calcitonin gene‐related peptide. Its expression is mostly positively regulated by estrogen, although a few studies also report an inverse relationship. Serotonin (5‐Hydroxytryptamine [5‐HT]) is a neurotransmitter implicated in migraine; its synthesis is enhanced in most parts of brain by estrogen, which increases expression of the rate‐limiting enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase and decreases expression of the serotonin re‐uptake transporter. Downstream signaling, including extracellular signal‐regulated kinase activation, calcium‐dependent mechanisms, and cAMP response element‐binding activation, are thought to be the major signaling events affected by sex hormones. These findings need to be confirmed in migraine‐specific animal models that may also provide clues to additional ion channels, neuropeptides, and intracellular signaling cascades that contribute to the increased prevalence of migraine in women.
Migraine Genes and the Relation to Gender
Authors: Shyti Reinald , de Vries Boukje , van den Maagdenberg Arn 
Published: June 2011

(Headache 2011;51:880‐890)Migraine is an episodic brain disorder that is characterized by recurrent attacks of severe unilateral headache that are accompanied by various neurological symptoms. In addition, many patients have what is called an aura with visual and sensory disturbances. The majority of patients are female, suggesting that female hormones play an important role in the pathophysiology of the disorder. The molecular mechanisms, however, underlying this female preponderance are not well understood. It can be expected that the field of genetics that aims at identifying genetic factors that cause migraine by lowering the threshold for attacks will unravel some of these mechanisms. The 3 best known migraine genes encode ion transporters and were identified in families with familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM), a rare subtype of migraine with aura. FHM gene mutations cause alterations in mechanisms that control and modulate the neurotransmitter balance in the brain. Transgenic mice knock‐in with human pathogenic mutations that were shown to exhibit some migraine‐relevant features were very helpful in dissecting molecular mechanisms of migraine and pointed to a central role for cortical glutamate. In addition, transgenic mice that overexpress human RAMP1 exist and exhibit an increased sensitivity to calcitonin gene‐related peptide. Findings from genetic and animal experiments on gender differences in migraine are discussed. Recently, a role for glutamate also came forward from a genome‐wide association study in common migraine. By deciphering genetic and pathogenic migraine pathways, it can be expected that in the near future we will better understand mechanisms behind the female preponderance in migraine.
The use of onplants and implants in children with severe oligodontia: a retrospective evaluation
Authors: Heuberer Simone , Dvorak Gabriella , Zauza Konstantin , Watzek Georg 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjective: To evaluate a stable treatment concept for the oral rehabilitation of children with severe oligodontia. The treatment is intended to solve a specific problem caused by limited skeletal growth, multiple congenital missing teeth, underdeveloped bone volume and young age.Material and methods: A surgical/prosthodontic approach was chosen for six patients with subtotal edentulism despite their young age. To support removable dentures the maxilla was treated with onplants (OnPlant®), whereas dental rootform implants (NobelReplace®, Nobel Biocare) were placed in the mandible.Results: Eight onplants were placed in the hard palate of four patients for rehabilitating the maxilla and eight dental rootform implants were placed interforaminally in three patients to rehabilitate the mandible. While none of the rootform implants was lost, one onplant was lost and replaced with a stable outcome. The mean follow‐up time of the onplants was 5 (±1) years vs. 3 (±2) years for the rootform implants.Conclusion: The evaluation showed the treatment concept described to ensure stable oral rehabilitation and recovery of the stomatognathic system even during the juvenile growth period.To cite this article: Heuberer S, Dvorak G, Zauza K, Watzek G. The use of onplants and implants in children with severe oligodontia: a retrospective evaluation. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 23, 2012; 827–831. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2011.02226.x
A Japanese boy with adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) deficiency caused by compound heterozygosity including a novel missense mutation in APRT gene
Authors: Nozue Hiroki , Kamoda Tomohiro , Saitoh Hisako , Ichikawa Kunio , Taniguchi Atsuo 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe describe a 2‐year‐old Japanese boy with radiolucent urolithiasis and recurrent urinary tract infection. Urinalysis showed typical 2,8‐dihydroxyadenine (2,8‐DHA) crystals, leading to a diagnosis as adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) deficiency. The sensitivity of proliferating T cells to an adenine analogue, whose cytotoxicity is dependent on APRT, showed that he was homozygous or compound heterozygous for the APRT gene mutation. A genetic analysis revealed a compound heterozygous state for M136T and a novel missense mutation L33P, not previously reported in patients with APRT deficiency.Conclusion:  Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency should be suspected in all patients with radiolucent kidney stones, urinary 2,8‐DHA crystals were an important finding for an early diagnosis of APRT deficiency. Appropriate treatment should be initiated to prevent the development of urolithiasis or renal failure in APRT‐deficient children. The T cell method was useful to detect a homozygote or a compound heterozygote of the pathogenic allelic gene in APRT deficiency, and a genetic analysis revealed a novel mutation L33P.
Manchester and Early Victorian Literary Culture
Authors: Bark Debbie 
Published: June 2011

AbstractEarly Victorian Manchester is most readily identified as a centre for industrial fiction through the realist novels of Elizabeth Gaskell. Centred on the human consequences of Manchester’s industrial expansion during the 1830s and 1840s, Mary Barton and North and South engage with the all too obvious divisions between labour and capital in the city, in particular the plight of the working poor. Whilst interest in Gaskell puts Manchester on the literary map, the city’s vibrant poetic community which emerged out of unprecedented industrial development is less well known. In opening out the discussion of Manchester’s literary culture to include the emergence of the Manchester Poets, an interesting disjunction between external perceptions of Manchester’s literary potential and the reality of its creative output is revealed. For in terms of the contemporary critical response to Manchester literature in the late 1830s and early 1840s, the overriding image of the city as a centre of manufacturing and commerce obscured the city’s reality as an abundant producer of imaginative literature, as 19th‐century commentators connected the growth of industry and commerce in Manchester to an absence of literary potential, or in the potential for literature produced in Manchester to be considered seriously. By exploring the ways in which both prose and poetry written in Manchester responded to, and formed, perceptions of the city during the 1830s and 1840s, this article discusses early Victorian Manchester’s literary culture through the critical response to Gaskell’s ‘Manchester novels’ and through the emergence of the community of Manchester Poets. The article discusses recent critical responses to Manchester’s literary culture and suggests possible directions for future research.
Application of spatial statistics as a screening tool for sustainable flood retention basin management
Authors: Yang Qinli , Scholz Miklas , Shao Junming 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn the context of climate change and the EU flood directive, this paper analyses and explores sustainable flood retention basins (SFRB) as adaptive structures contributing to water resources management and flood risk control. A dataset of 371 potential SFRB (including many operating reservoirs) characterized by 40 variables have been surveyed across central Scotland. However, the spatial properties of these SFRB, such as water storage (which relates to flooding depth) in different regions, are ambiguous. This paper uses geostatistics on the Scottish dataset. Spatial analysis showed that ordinary kriging, which is a spatial interpolation method, could be successfully applied to estimate numerical values for all key flood control variables everywhere in the study area. Moreover, the probability that certain threshold values relevant to flood control managers were exceeded can also be calculated by using disjunctive kriging. The findings provide an effective screening tool in assessing flood control using SFRB.
HukouSystem Reform and Unification of Rural–urban Social Welfare
Authors: Cai Fang 
Published: June 2011

AbstractUsing a political economy analytical framework, the present paper examines thehukousystem reform in China. The potential unification of the social welfare system of rural and urban areas is discussed. The paper reviews the progress ofhukousystem reform since 2004. It is suggested that since China met its Lewis turning point in about 2004, and a labor shortage became a limiting factor in production, there has been stronger demand forhukousystem reform. In the meantime, various levels of government have a point where incentives are compatibile for carrying out reforms. The paper also explores some limitations of the currently implemented reform in certain regions and puts forward relevant policy suggestions.
Unstrange Bedfellows: Hip Hop and Religion
Authors: Winters Joseph 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn the past two decades, an expansive archive of hip hop scholarship has emerged. In response to reductive criticisms of hip hop culture as nihilistic, violent, and inartistic, scholars in a variety of disciplines have endeavored to show the complexities, nuances, and possibilities within hip hop culture. In this article, I trace the connections between broader trends within hip hop scholarship and recent work exploring the relationship between religion and hip hop. Although I look at the impact of Islam and Christianity on hip hop, I am more interested in Anthony Pinn’s attempt to develop a notion of religiosity within hip hop that is not reducible to institutional forms. Although his notion of religion as “the search for a complex identity” does some productive interpretive work, I conclude with some concerns about the ways in which Pinn’s formulation of identity formation is divorced from broader configurations of power.
Detection of 2‐Hydroxyglutarate in Formalin‐Fixed Paraffin‐Embedded Glioma Specimens by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Sahm Felix , Capper David , Pusch Stefan , Balss Jörg , Koch Arend , Langhans Claus‐Dieter , Okun Jürgen G. , von Deimling Andreas 
Published: June 2011

AbstractMutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 and 2 genes occur frequently in diffuse astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma. The consecutive amino acid substitutions in the mutant proteins result in a gain of the function to catalyze the reduction of alpha‐ketoglutarate to 2‐hydroxyglutarate (2HG). So far, all investigated IDH mutations share this gain of function. We here describe a method to detect 2HG levels in archival formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tumor specimens by stable isotope dilution using gas chromatography followed by mass spectrometry (GC/MS). While 2HG levels are notably decreased during the routine embedding process, preserved amounts are still sufficient to indicate a mutation. Detection of 2HG in archival specimens could make routinely processed tissue accessible for research on 2HG accumulation and may allow studies on correlation with clinical data.
High‐Speed Weight Estimation of Whole Herring (Clupea harengus) Using 3D Machine Vision
Authors: Mathiassen John Reidar , Misimi Ekrem , Toldnes Bendik , Bondø Morten , Østvik Stein Ove 
Published: June 2011

Abstract:  Weight is an important parameter by which the price of whole herring (Clupea harengus) is determined. Current mechanical weight graders are capable of a high throughput but have a relatively low accuracy. For this reason, there is a need for a more accurate high‐speed weight estimation of whole herring. A 3‐dimensional (3D) machine vision system was developed for high‐speed weight estimation of whole herring. The system uses a 3D laser triangulation system above a conveyor belt moving at a speed of 1000 mm/s. Weight prediction models were developed for several feature sets, and a linear regression model using several 2‐dimensional (2D) and 3D features enabled more accurate weight estimation than using 3D volume only. Using the combined 2D and 3D features, the root mean square error of cross‐validation was 5.6 g, and the worst‐case prediction error, evaluated by cross‐validation, was ±14 g, for a sample (n = 179) of fresh whole herring. The proposed system has the potential to enable high‐speed and accurate weight estimation of whole herring in the processing plants.Practical Application:  The 3D machine vision system presented in this article enables high‐speed and accurate weight estimation of whole herring, thus enabling an increase in profitability for the pelagic primary processors through a more accurate weight grading.
Social Identity and Corporate Mergers
Authors: Giessner Steffen R. , Ullrich Johannes , van Dick Rolf 
Published: June 2011

AbstractCorporate mergers require proper human resources management to reach their financial and strategic objectives and minimize negative consequences for employee well‐being. Understanding the antecedents of employees’ identification with the merged organization during the corporate merger is crucial, because stronger post‐merger identification results in less conflict and higher levels of motivation. Unfortunately, employees often identify more strongly with their pre‐merger organizations than with the merged organization. One influential approach to understanding the processes underlying organizational identification is the social identity approach (Tajfel & Turner, 1986; Turner, Hogg, Oakes, Reicher, & Wetherell, 1987). Research applying this perspective to organizational mergers shows that levels of identification with the merged organization are partly explained by status and dominance differences of the involved organizations, by motivational threats and uncertainties during the merger, and by the representation of the post‐merger identity. Leaders and managers of corporate mergers are able to influence these processes and, thus, to provide a path for successful merger integration.
Navigating career pathways – dental therapists in the workforce: a report of the career path subcommittee
Authors: Yoder Karen , DePaola Dominick 
Published: June 2011

AbstractCreating career pathways to facilitate current dental and other healthcare providers becoming dental therapists can be an efficient means to expand the dental workforce and reduce barriers to access to oral health services. Career pathways are proposed to facilitate dental providers building on previously learned skills to broaden their scope of practice and become even more versatile and productive providers of oral health services. Creation of a unified and integrated curriculum will enable research to document the effectiveness of this new dental provider who will work as part of dental teams and with supervision by dentists. The goal of augmenting the current dental team and reducing barriers to access to dental services for underserved populations can be enhanced by offering alternative pathways to achieve the competencies required of dental therapists.
Distance‐based methods for the analysis of maps produced by species distribution models
Authors: Wilson Peter D. 
Published: June 2011

Summary1. Species distribution models (SDMs) are now widely applied to determine the potential distributions of species in relation to environmental covariates. Many modelling tools are available, and large sets of maps may be produced easily.2. A wide range of methods have been developed for the comparison or analysis of raster images and SDM output maps including pairwise (two‐sample) tests and overall measures of similarity such as correlation coefficients and distance measures.3. I present an analytical framework applying a distance‐based approach to the ordination and analysis of maps produced by species distribution modelling tools. The method combines aspects of image analysis with distance‐based statistical tests and allows ecologists to apply familiar forms of ordination and analysis to SDM output maps. A novel method of recombining elements of information extracted from distance‐based map analysis is also presented.
THE INDIVIDUAL AND THE STATE IN MYCENAEAN GREECE
Authors: SHELMERDINE CYNTHIA W. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Understanding of Mycenaean palatial administration has moved from a monolithic view of the palace as having total control over the economy of a given state, to a binary model that imagines a non-palatial sector of the state economy alongside the palatial. Further research suggests, however, that we should rather think of a continuum, with individuals and groups involved in various ways and to various degrees with the central palatial administration, from full-time interaction to no contact at all. The evidence shows the negotiating power of individuals, and also the role of the palace as a consumer rather than simply as a producer. This paper brings together some indications of such a continuum, drawn chiefly from the Linear B tablets. It closes with a brief look at relevant archaeological evidence: the use of seals to indicate status and authority, and the evidence of non-palatial settlements within palatial states.
Adherence to CLSI Recommendations for Testing of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates in Louisiana Hospitals: Report of a Clinical Failure and Results of a Questionnaire Study
Authors: Patra Kamakshya P. , Vanchiere John A. , Bocchini Joseph A. 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT
We report a case of failure of clindamycin therapy due to inducible clindamycin resistance. We surveyed and found that only 52% of reporting hospitals in the state of Louisiana were performing the D test for inducible clindamycin resistance according to guidelines recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (formerly the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards).
Impact of Intra- and Interspecies Variation of Occludin on Its Function as Coreceptor for Authentic Hepatitis C Virus Particles
Authors: Ciesek Sandra , Westhaus Sandra , Wicht Melanie , Wappler Ilka , Henschen Sylvana , Sarrazin Christoph , Hamdi Nabila , Abdelaziz Ahmed I. , Strassburg Christian P. , Wedemeyer Heiner , Manns Michael P. , Pietschmann Thomas , von Hahn Thomas 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is characterized by a narrow host range and high interindividual variability in the clinical course of infection. Both of these traits are thought to be largely due to genetic variation between species and between individual hosts. The tight junction component occludin (OCLN) is essential for HCV entry into host cells, and the differences between human and murine OCLN are thought to account in part for the inability of HCV to infect mice and hence preclude their use as a convenient small-animal model. This study assesses the impact of genetic variation in OCLN on cell culture-grown HCV (HCVcc) using a newly generated and characterized OCLN
low
subclone of the Huh-7.5 cell line (Huh-7.5 subclone in which endogenous OCLN expression has been downregulated by a short hairpin RNA). We report the frequency of coding nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms, i.e., polymorphisms resulting in amino acid exchanges, present in the human population and determine their ability to function as HCV (co)receptors. Moreover, we show that murine OCLN can sustain HCVcc entry, albeit with about 5-fold reduced efficiency compared to that of human OCLN. This reduction in efficiency is due solely to two amino acid residues previously identified by others using an HCV pseudoparticle approach. Finally, we use the Huh-7.5/OCLN
low
cell line to show that HCV spread between neighboring cells is strictly dependent on OCLN.
Genetic Editing of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and Epstein-Barr Herpesvirus Genomes by Human APOBEC3 Cytidine Deaminases in Culture and
In Vivo
Authors: Suspène Rodolphe , Aynaud Marie-Ming , Koch Stefanie , Pasdeloup David , Labetoulle Marc , Gaertner Barbara , Vartanian Jean-Pierre , Meyerhans Andreas , Wain-Hobson Simon 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT

Human APOBEC3 cytidine deaminases target and edit single-stranded DNA, which can be of viral, mitochondrial, or nuclear origin. Retrovirus genomes, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) genomes deficient in the
vif
gene and the hepatitis B virus genome, are particularly vulnerable. The genomes of some DNA viruses, such as human papillomaviruses, can be edited
in vivo
and in transfection experiments. Accordingly, herpesviruses should be no exception. This is indeed the case for herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) in tissue culture, where APOBEC3C (A3C) overexpression can reduce virus titers and the particle/PFU ratio ∼10-fold. Nonetheless, A3A, A3G, and AICDA can edit what is presumably a small fraction of HSV genomes in an experimental setting without seriously impacting the viral titer. Hyperediting was found in HSV genomes recovered from 4/8 uncultured buccal lesions. The phenomenon is not restricted to HSV, since hyperedited Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genomes were readily recovered from 4/5 established cell lines, indicating that episomes are vulnerable to editing. These findings suggest that the widely expressed A3C cytidine deaminase can function as a restriction factor for some human herpesviruses. That the
A3C
gene is not induced by type I interferons begs the question whether some herpesviruses encode A3C antagonists.