bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metaanalytic connectivity modeling: Delineating the functional connectivity of the human amygdala
Authors: Robinson Jennifer L. , Laird Angela R. , Glahn David C. , Lovallo William R. , Fox Peter T. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractFunctional neuroimaging has evolved into an indispensable tool for noninvasively investigating brain function. A recent development of such methodology is the creation of connectivity models for brain regions and related networks, efforts that have been inhibited by notable limitations. We present a new method for ascertaining functional connectivity of specific brain structures using metaanalytic connectivity modeling (MACM), along with validation of our method using a nonhuman primate database. Drawing from decades of neuroimaging research and spanning multiple behavioral domains, the method overcomes many weaknesses of conventional connectivity analyses and provides a simple, automated alternative to developing accurate and robust models of anatomically‐defined human functional connectivity. Applying MACM to the amygdala, a small structure of the brain with a complex network of connections, we found high coherence with anatomical studies in nonhuman primates as well as human‐based theoretical models of emotive‐cognitive integration, providing evidence for this novel method's utility. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Addressing a systematic vibration artifact in diffusion‐weighted MRI
Authors: Gallichan Daniel , Scholz Jan , Bartsch Andreas , Behrens Timothy E. , Robson Matthew D. , Miller Karla L. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe have identified and studied a pronounced artifact in diffusion‐weighted MRI on a clinical system. The artifact results from vibrations of the patient table due to low‐frequency mechanical resonances of the system which are stimulated by the low‐frequency gradient switching associated with the diffusion‐weighting. The artifact manifests as localized signal‐loss in images acquired with partial Fourier coverage when there is a strong component of the diffusion‐gradient vector in the left–right direction. This signal loss is caused by local phase ramps in the image domain which shift the apparent k‐space center for a particular voxel outside the covered region. The local signal loss masquerades as signal attenuation due to diffusion, severely disrupting the quantitative measures associated with diffusion‐tensor imaging (DTI). We suggest a way to improve the interpretation of affected DTI data by including a co‐regressor which accounts for the empirical response of regions affected by the artifact. We also demonstrate that the artifact may be avoided by acquiring full k‐space data, and that subsequent increases in TE can be avoided by employing parallel acceleration. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Syntheses and fluoride‐ion‐mediated hydrolysis of phosphoroselenoic acid ester and amides
Authors: Murai Toshiaki , Inaji Shinsuke , Takenaka Tohru 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPhosphoroselenoic acid ester and amides containing binaphthoxy moiety were prepared by reacting phosphoroselenoyl chloride with alcohols and secondary amines. The resulting amides underwent fluoride‐ion‐mediated hydrolysis with a THF solution of tetrabutylammonium fluoride to give two types of phosphoroselenoic acid ammonium salts: one with a fluorine atom and another with a binaphthoxy group on the phosphorus atom. The ratio of these products depended on the substituents on the nitrogen atom of the amides. A similar reaction of the ester with tetrabutylammonium fluoride gave two types of ammonium salts. The formation of these products was confirmed by converting them to the corresponding methyl esters. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 20:255–261, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20544
From learning to forgetting: Behavioral, circuitry, and molecular properties define the different functional states of the recognition memory trace
Authors: Romero‐Granados Rocío , Fontán‐Lozano Ángela , Delgado‐García José María , Carrión Ángel M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractNeuropsychological analyses of amnesic patients, as well as lesion experiments, indicate that the temporal lobe is essential for the encoding, storage, and expression of object recognition memory (ORM). However, temporal lobe structures directly involved in the consolidation and reconsolidation of these memories are not yet well‐defined. We report here that systemic administration of a protein synthesis inhibitor before or up to 4 h after training or reactivation sessions impairs consolidation and reconsolidation of ORM, without affecting short‐term memory. We have also observed that ORM reconsolidation is sensitive to protein synthesis inhibition, independently of the ORM trace age. Using bdnf and egr‐1 gene expression analysis, we defined temporal lobe areas related to consolidation and reconsolidation of ORM. Training and reactivation 21 days after ORM acquisition sessions provoked changes in bdnf mRNA in somatosensory, perirhinal, and hippocampal cortices. Reactivation 2 days after the training session elicited changes in bdnf and egr‐1 mRNA in entorhinal and prefrontal cortices, while reactivation 9 days post‐training provoked an increase in egr‐1 transcription in somatosensory and entorhinal cortices. The differences in activated circuits and in the capacity to recall the memory trace after 9 or 21 days post‐training suggest that memory trace suffers functional changes in this period of time. All these results indicate that the functional state of the recognition memory trace, from acquisition to forgetting, can be specifically defined by behavioral, circuitry, and molecular properties. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reduction of TrkB expression de novo in the adult mouse impairs epileptogenesis in the kindling model
Authors: Kotloski Robert , McNamara James O. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractElucidating the mechanisms of epileptogenesis in molecular terms can identify targets for therapies aimed at preventing epileptogenesis or limiting its progression. Genetic perturbations have implicated signaling by the neurotrophin, BDNF, and its receptor, TrkB, in limbic epileptogenesis. Whether this signaling is critical to epileptogenesis in the adult brain is unclear. We sought to determine whether reduced expression of TrkB de novo in the mature brain is sufficient to impair epileptogenesis in the kindling model. Treatment of adult Act‐CreER TrkBflox/flox mice with tamoxifen resulted in modest reductions of TrkB protein expression de novo in the adult that were detected in hippocampus but not other brain regions. Modest reduction of hippocampal TrkB content inhibited epileptogenesis induced by stimulation of hippocampus or amygdala. The data support the conclusion that reduction of TrkB expression in hippocampus de novo in the mature brain impairs epileptogenesis in the kindling model. These findings advance TrkB and its downstream signaling pathways as attractive targets for limiting the progression of epileptogenesis. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Further examination of the convergent and discriminant validity of the student–teacher relationship scale
Authors: Doumen Sarah , Verschueren Karine , Buyse Evelien , De Munter Sofie , Max Kristel , Moens Loth 
Published: July 2009

AbstractTwo studies extended psychometric research on the Student–Teacher Relationship Scale (STRS) with kindergarten and preschool children (N1 = 60–71; N2 = 35) and their teachers. These studies used a multi‐method approach to replicate and extend previous findings concerning the convergent validity of the STRS Closeness, Conflict, and Dependency scale and to further examine the discriminant validity of the STRS. Study 1 investigated convergence between the STRS scales and child‐ and peer‐reports of the same constructs based on a multi‐trait multi‐method approach. Study 2 examined the pattern of associations between the STRS and indicators of teacher–child relationship quality rated by external observers. Support was found for the convergent validity and to a lesser extent the discriminant validity of the STRS Closeness and Conflict scale. For the STRS Dependency scale, additional research remains necessary. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic visualization of signal transduction in living cells: From second messengers to kinases
Authors: Herbst Katie J. , Ni Qiang , Zhang Jin 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe study of signal transduction, or the highly regulated series of biochemical events which allow a cell to convert a given stimulus into a functional response, has seen a paradigm shift with a recent explosion in the number of genetically encoded FRET‐based biosensors capable of detecting spatial and temporal regulation of various signaling events in living cells. The two classes of biosensors discussed, namely kinase activity and second messenger biosensors, utilize two fluorescent proteins (FP) suitable for FRET and convert a signaling event of interest into a conformational change in the biosensor that can be measured as a change in FRET between the two FPs. Individually, these biosensors have been used to elucidate many complex signal transduction mechanisms in various biological systems. However, it has become increasingly clear that it is often more desirable to study multiple signaling events simultaneously, allowing for precise correlation of the temporal profiles of multiple signaling molecules without the complication of cell to cell variability. With the design of spectrally distinct biosensors and new coimaging strategies, simultaneous imaging of multiple signaling events is not only possible, but has aided in mapping the intricate network of cellular signal transduction cascades. Furthermore, as aberrant signal transduction involving second messengers and kinases is implicated in numerous disease states, it is hopeful that these FRET‐based biosensors and coimaging strategies can help to unravel the molecular links between altered signal transduction and certain disease states. © 2009 IUBMB IUBMB Life 61(9): 902–908, 2009
Semiparametric estimation of consumer demand systems in real expenditure
Authors: Pendakur Krishna , Sperlich Stefan 
Published: July 2009

AbstractMicrodata concerning consumer demand typically show considerable variation in real expenditures, but very little variation in prices. We propose a semiparametric strategy for the consumer demand problem in which expenditure share equations are estimated nonparametrically in the real expenditure direction and estimated parametrically (with fixed or varying coefficients) in price directions. In our model, Engel curves are unrestricted: demands may have any rank. Because the demand model is derived from a cost function, it may be restricted to satisfy integrability and used for consumer surplus calculations. Since real expenditure is unobserved, but rather estimated under the model, we face a semiparametric model with a nonparametrically generated regressor. We show efficient convergence rates for parametric and nonparametric components. We illustrate the feasibility of our proposed strategy using Canadian expenditure and price data: Engel curves display curvature which cannot be encompassed by standard parametric models. We also find that the rationality restriction of Slutsky symmetry is rejected in the fixed‐coefficients model, but not in the varying‐coefficients model. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
RUNX3‐mediated repression of RUNX1 in B cells
Authors: Brady Gareth , Farrell Paul J. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAre there three different RUNX genes in the human genome just to allow differential expression in different cell types or are the RUNX proteins functionally different? Much previous evidence has suggested that the RUNX proteins were functionally redundant but, in human B cells, RUNX1 and RUNX3 have clearly been shown to have different functions at a key developmental stage. RUNX1 is expressed in mature resting B cells but proliferating B cell lines express RUNX3. Repression of RUNX1 by RUNX3 is required to allow the cell proliferation and this provides an experimental system to investigate the mechanism of the different activities of RUNX1 and RUNX3 in these cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 221: 283–287, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
TMSCl‐mediated one‐pot, three‐component synthesis of 2H‐indazolo[2,1‐b]phthalazine‐triones
Authors: Nagarapu Lingaiah , Bantu Rajashaker , Mereyala Hari Babu 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
magnified imageA simple, efficient, and cost‐effective method for the synthesis of 2H‐indazolo[2,1‐b]phthalazine‐1,6,11(13H)‐trione derivatives by a one‐pot, three‐component condensation reaction of phthalazide, dimedone, or 1,3‐cyclohexanedione and aromatic aldehydes under CH3CN/DMF (8:2) media at 80°C for 30–60 min in the presence of trimethylsilyl chloride (TMSCl) is described. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).
Utilization of 2‐benzo[b]furan carboxylic acid hydrazide in the synthesis of 1,3,4‐oxadiazole derivatives
Authors: Da Yu‐Xia , Yang Zhi , Quan Zheng‐Jun , Zhang Zhang , Wang Xi‐Cun 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
magnified imageIn this study, the synthesis of series of 2‐benzo[b]furan‐substituted 1,3,4‐oxadiazole derivatives using readily available 2‐benzo[b]furan carboxylic acid hydrazide as starting material has been investigated. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).
Friedel‐Crafts heteroarylation of (hetero)arenes: A facile entry to 4‐(hetero)aryl quinazolines and quinolines
Authors: Kumar Shailesh , Sahu Devi Prasad 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
magnified imageAnhydrous AlCl3‐mediated heteroarylation of various arenes and heteroarenes with 2,4‐dichloro‐quinazoline (1) and 4‐chloroquinoline (4) afforded exclusively 4‐aryl/heteroarylquinazolines (3) and 4‐aryl/heteroarylquinolines (5), respectively. Compared with the available synthetic protocols, aluminum chloride induced CC bond formation is direct and convenient to access bis‐(hetero)aryl quinazolines and quinolines. The products were obtained in good to excellent yields by this method. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).
An efficient two‐step synthesis of novel thiazolo[2,3‐b]pyrazolo[3,4‐f][1,3,5]triazepines
Authors: Insuasty Braulio , Tigreros Alexis , Martínez Henry , Quiroga Jairo , Abonia Rodrigo , Gutierrez Alexander , Nogueras Manuel , Cobo Justo 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
magnified imageIn an attempt to carry out a straightforward synthesis of thiazolopyrazolodiazepines from the reaction of 4,5‐diamino‐3‐methyl‐1‐phenylpyrazole 1 with arylidene derivatives of rhodanine 2, the unplanned (Z)‐2′‐[(5‐amino‐3‐methyl‐1‐phenylpyrazol‐4‐yl)imino]‐5‐arylidenethiazolidin‐4‐ones 4 were obtained as unique products. Nevertheless, the treatment of these compounds with aliphatic aldehydes in dimethylformamide provided the novel thiazolo[2,3‐b]pyrazolo[3,4‐f][1,3,5]triazepines 5 and 6 in good to excellent yields. All the structures of the obtained compounds were assigned on the basis of IR, 1D and 2D NMR measurements, mass spectrometry, and microanalysis. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).
Unusual retention of isoxazole ring under the influence of 3‐(substituted nitrophenyl)‐2‐isoxazoline during catalytic hydrogenation of isoxazoline‐substituted isoxazole systems
Authors: Singh Vijay , Hutait Samiran , Yadav Gaya P. , Maulik Prakas R. , Batra Sanjay 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
magnified imageThe cleavage of the isoxazole ring during the Raney‐Ni‐promoted catalytic hydrogenation is prevented under the influence of 3‐(substituted nitrophenyl)‐2‐isoxazoline in isoxazoline‐substituted isoxazole systems produced via 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition either on the Baylis–Hillman derivatives or Grignard products. Unexpectedly, the hydrogenations in these diastereomeric compounds were observed to exclusively yield products, wherein the methoxycarbonyl and the hydroxyl or the acetyl groups exist syn to each other. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).
Degenerative and regenerative processes involved in midgut pseudotumor formation in the stick insect (Carausius morosus)
Authors: Hoffmann Paul , Holtmann Matthias , Dorn August 
Published: July 2009

AbstractSpontaneous and experimentally induced pseudotumor formation in Carausius morosus impairs the midgut tissue homeostasis. Spontaneous pseudotumor formation begins by the break down of a single or a small group of columnar cells (CCs) and is followed by the degeneration of neighboring CCs. There are not only marked similarities but also decisive differences between normal dying CCs in healthy specimens and the degeneration of CCs leading to pseudotumors: in both cases, the apical cell parts with the nucleus are extruded into the midgut lumen, but only during of pseudotumor formation an “amorphous substance” originates from the basal parts of the CCs. Hemocytes are attracted to this substance and form a nodule‐like aggregation, which is responsible for the phenotype of pseudotumors. Pseudotumor infestation has also an impact on the midgut nidi, which consist of an intestinal stem cell and several CC progenitor cells. In healthy specimens only one progenitor cell per nidus differentiates at a time, but, several to all progenitor cells differentiate simultaneously in pseudotumor‐infested specimens. Extirpation of the ingluvial ganglion in healthy specimens results in an immediate onset of pseudotumor formation and a dramatic acceleration of pseudotumor growth. Importantly, the ultrastructural characteristics of spontaneous and experimentally induced pseudotumors are identical. This supports the idea that the stomatogastric nervous system plays an integral role in the maintenance of midgut tissue homeostasis. J. Morphol., 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ontogeny, variation, and homology in Salvelinus alpinus caudal skeleton (Teleostei: Salmonidae)
Authors: Grünbaum Thomas , Cloutier Richard 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe ontogeny of the caudal skeleton in the Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus was examined using an extensive series of cleared and stained specimens. We demonstrate the presence of skeletal components never reported previously within the Salmonidae. In contrast to the generalized condition for salmonids, seven hypurals (instead of six), and four uroneurals (instead of three) have been found in some specimens. Variation in the number and condition of epurals is documented. New hypotheses are proposed concerning (1) relationships among centra and their associated elements, (2) phylogenetic distribution of caudal characters within the Salmonidae, and (3) homology of caudal components. Using the published phylogenetic hypotheses, we provide evidence, that a seventh hypural and a fourth uroneural are taxic atavism in salmonids. The development of the salmonid homocercal fin is discussed in the light of a polyural scheme based on evidences of a one‐to‐one relationship among ural centra and their associated elements. J. Morphol., 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fused‐core, sub‐2 μm packings, and monolithic HPLC columns: a comparative evaluation
Authors: Brice Richard W. , Zhang Xin , Colón Luis A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThree different HPLC column technologies (i.e., monolith, fused‐core particles, and sub‐2 μm particles) were evaluated, comparing van Deemter plots, speed of analysis, back pressure, and mobile phase consumption. Very high linear velocities (˜12 mm/s) were achieved with the monolithic column using modest pressure (110 bar) at the expense of high mobile phase consumption. The minimum plate height of the monolith was similar to that of a 3 μm‐particle packed column (i.e., h = 8 μm), operated at optimal linear velocities; the monolithic column showed substantially lower mass transfer dependence, however. The 2.7 μm fused‐core packing material yielded efficiencies closer to the sub‐2 μm material than to the 3 μm‐particle packed column and could be operated at high flow rates. The fused‐core column was able to achieve linear velocities similar to those attained on the sub‐2 μm column, staying below 620 bar instead of almost near 1030 bar required by the sub‐2 μm material. The lack of pH stability of the monolithic column prevented its use to separate basic compounds (i.e., tricyclic antidepressants) at high pH. Best separation of these components at high pH was achieved using the column packed with 1.7 μm hybrid material.
Interpretive optimisation of organic solvent content and flow‐rate in the separation of β‐blockers with a Chromolith RP‐18e column
Authors: Pous‐Torres Sandra , Torres‐Lapasió José. R. , Ruiz‐Ángel Maria J. , García‐Álvarez‐Coque Maria C. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe chromatographic performance of a Chromolith RP‐18e column was comprehensively examined for a group of basic drugs (β‐blockers), eluted with isocratic ACN–water mixtures at increasing flow‐rate up to 6 mL/min. As the flow‐rate increases at fixed mobile phase composition, peak distribution (selectivity) is maintained, but the relative peak widths increase. This reduces the resolution below satisfactory values for closely eluting compounds. With the monolithic column, flow‐rate becomes thus an important factor to be optimised, in addition to the mobile phase composition. Since, theoretically, retention factors (k) are independent of the flow‐rate, the classical quadratic model relating log k with the solvent content allows the prediction of the retention at any combination of organic solvent content and flow‐rate. The small deviations found for the most retained compounds were corrected by including, in the quadratic model, an additional term correlating linearly log k with the flow‐rate. Peak shape and resolution changes were predicted by taking advantage of the approximated linear relationships between peak half‐widths and retention times, which offered similar coefficients for peaks eluting at different organic solvent contents and flow‐rates. The accuracy of the predictions in critical conditions was experimentally verified to be satisfactory.
Hydrosilylated allyl‐silica hybrid monolithic columns
Authors: Li Li , Colón Luis A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractOrganic–inorganic silica hybrid monolithic columns were synthesized containing an allyl pendant. The ally‐monolithic columns were then modified via hydrosilylation reactions to introduce further surface functionalization. The approach was demonstrated by functionalizing allyl‐monolytic columns with n‐octyl‐dimethylsilane (C8‐DMS) and benzyl‐dimethylsilane (benzyl‐DMS). Of the surface available ally groups on the hybrid monolith (i.e., 6.79 μmol/m2), 31.3% reacted via hydrosilylation, resulting in a C8 surface coverage of 2.12 μmol/m2. When using benzyl‐DMS, a surface coverage of 1.95 μmol/m2 was calculated for the benzyl groups. The retentivity of the hybrid monolithic columns increased considerably after the hydrosilylation, as monitored by CLC and CEC. The largest increase in retention was observed with the C8 modified monolith. The hybrid monolithic columns showed higher hydrolytic stability than monolithic columns prepared by the conventional silanoxane bonding of alkyl chlorosilanes modification. The ally‐monolithic column provides a platform for the fabrication of hybrid monoliths that can be conveniently modified by means of hydrosilylation, tailoring the surface of the material. The approach is a promising method to prepare hybrid monolithic columns with versatile stationary phases in a simple and efficient manner.