bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of platelet aggregometry in dogs using the Multiplate platelet analyzer: impact of anticoagulant choice and assay duration
Authors: Marschner Clara B. , Kristensen Annemarie T. , Spodsberg Eva H. , Wiinberg Bo 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the performance of the Multiplate platelet function analyzer with regards to: (1) the use of 3 different anticoagulants (ie, citrate, hirudin, and heparin) and (2) the evaluation of optimal assay time.DesignProspective observational in vitro study.SettingUniversity veterinary teaching hospital.AnimalsTwenty clinically healthy dogs and 3 ill dogs.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsA total of 184 analyses were performed with duplicate measurements in each test cell and results are reported as mean of the 2 measurements. Analyses were performed on blood samples from 20 dogs collected in citrate, hirudin, or heparin. A total of 4 analyses were performed on every blood sample using adenosine diphosphate, collagen, and arachidonic acid as agonists as well as a control with 0.9% sodium chloride (buffer). Aggregation in hirudin samples was significantly increased compared with heparin at all analysis times except at 6 minutes when using ADP as agonist; however, hirudin samples also demonstrated significant aggregation in the buffer control, compared to both citrate and heparin. Citrated samples yielded significantly lower aggregation compared with both hirudin‐ and heparin‐stabilized samples at 6 and 12 minutes when ADP and collagen were used as agonists, and at most analysis times with arachidonic acid. The assay performed best at shorter analyses times, whereas longer analyses times yielded larger variation in data.ConclusionsThere was a good aggregation response and acceptable analytical variation in both heparin‐ and hirudin‐anticoagulated samples with all tested agonist at the concentrations recommended by the manufacturer. The results suggest that heparin may be superior as anticoagulant for Multiplate analyses in dogs and that short analyses times are preferable. Spontaneous platelet autoaggregation in hirudin samples warrants careful evaluation of results using this anticoagulant, especially at longer test times. The use of citrate is discouraged for Multiplate analyses in dogs due to a weak aggregation response.
Use of fresh platelet concentrate or lyophilized platelets in thrombocytopenic dogs with clinical signs of hemorrhage: a preliminary trial in 37 dogs
Authors: Davidow Elizabeth B. , Brainard Benjamin , Martin Linda G. , Beal Matthew W. , Bode Arthur , Ford Michael J. , Ramsey Noel , Fagella Alicia , Jutkowitz Ari 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the safety and feasibility of using lyophilized platelets (LYO) and fresh platelet concentrate (FRESH) in bleeding thrombocytopenic dogs.DesignPreliminary prospective randomized clinical trial.SettingTwo private referral centers and 3 university teaching hospitals.AnimalsThirty‐seven dogs with a complaint of hemorrhage associated with thrombocytopenia (platelet count <70 × 109/L [70,000/μL], a hematocrit >15%, and that had received neither vincristine nor platelet‐containing transfusions within 72 h of enrollment were studied.InterventionsAnimals were randomized to receiveLYOorFRESH, dosed according to weight. Physical examination, complete blood counts, and coagulation testing (prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time) were performed at enrollment. Physical examinations were also performed immediately post transfusion, and at 1 and 24 h after transfusion. Complete blood counts were repeated immediately post transfusion and at 24 h. Collected data included bleeding score (BLS), response to transfusion, adverse reactions, hospitalization time, need for additional transfusions, survival to discharge, and 28‐d survival.Measurements and Main ResultsTwenty‐two dogs receivedLYOand 15 receivedFRESH. There was no difference between groups in age, weight,BLS, platelet count, white blood cell count, hematocrit, or presence of melena. There was no difference between groups in transfusion reaction rates, the need for additional transfusions, 24‐hBLS, hospitalization time, survival to discharge, or 28‐d survival.ConclusionsTransfusion ofLYOwas feasible and associated with a low transfusion reaction rate in this limited study of thrombocytopenic canine patients presenting with mild‐to‐severe hemorrhage.LYOwere easy to use and provided storage advantages overFRESH. Further study of this product, including examination of efficacy and platelet life span, is warranted.
The successes and limitations of preclinical studies in predicting the pharmacodynamics and safety of cell‐surface‐targeted biological agents in patients
Authors: Polson Andrew G , Fuji Reina N 
Published: February 2012

To improve drug development outcomes, it is important to review when preclinical pharmacodynamic and safety models have successfully predicted human responses and when they have not. In a recent issue of the BJP, Bugelski and Martin examined the concordance between preclinical and human data for biopharmaceuticals targeted to cell‐surface proteins. The cases are interesting and several trends emerge. The pharmacodynamics of biopharmaceuticals in non‐human primates is largely predictive; the use of surrogates in rodents may be similarly predictive, allowing for more conservative use of non‐human primates. While overall concordance of preclinical toxicology data and clinical safety was poor, this is largely a reflection of the immunomodulatory biology of the majority of the biopharmaceuticals evaluated. The examples show that adverse effects in animals that were the result of direct and/or exaggerated pharmacology were modelled well, but that specific infections or other indirect outcomes of immunomodulation, along with cytokine‐related events, were not modelled well in preclinical studies.LINKED ARTICLESTo view Bugelski and Martin visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1476‐5381.2011.01811.x and to view Martin and Bugelski visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1476‐5381.2011.01812.x
Glucocorticoid receptors participate in the opiate withdrawal‐induced stimulation of rats NTS noradrenergic activity and in the somatic signs of morphine withdrawal
Authors: Navarro‐Zaragoza Javier , Hidalgo Juana M , Laorden M Luisa , Milanés M Victoria 
Published: February 2012

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Recent evidence suggests that glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a major molecular substrate of addictive properties of drugs of abuse. Hence, we performed a series of experiments to further characterize the role of GR signalling in opiate withdrawal‐induced physical signs of dependence, enhanced noradrenaline (NA) turnover in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) phosphorylation (activation) as well as GR expression in the nucleus of the solitary tract noradrenergic cell group (NTS‐A2).EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The role of GR signalling was assessed by i.p. pretreatment of the selective GR antagonist, mifepristone. Rats were implanted with two morphine (or placebo) pellets. Six days later, rats were pretreated with mifepristone or vehicle 30 min before naloxone and physical signs of abstinence, NA turnover, TH activation, GR expression and the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenocortical axis activity were measured using HPLC, immunoblotting and RIA.KEY RESULTS Mifepristone alleviated the somatic signs of naloxone‐induced opiate withdrawal. Mifepristone attenuated the increase in the NA metabolite, 3‐methoxy‐4‐hydroxyphenylethylen glycol (MHPG), in the PVN, and the enhanced NA turnover observed in morphine‐withdrawn rats. Mifepristone antagonized the TH phosphorylation at Ser31 and the expression of c‐Fos expression induced by morphine withdrawal. Finally, naloxone‐precipitated morphine withdrawal induced up‐regulation of GR in the NTS.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These results suggest that the physical signs of opiate withdrawal, TH activation and stimulation of noradrenergic pathways innervating the PVN are modulated by GR signalling. Overall, the present data suggest that drugs targeting the GR may ameliorate stress and aversive effects associated with opiate withdrawal.
Inhibition of adrenergic human prostate smooth muscle contraction by the inhibitors of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase, SP600125 and BI‐78D3
Authors: Strittmatter F , Walther S , Gratzke C , Göttinger J , Beckmann C , Roosen A , Schlenker B , Hedlund P , Andersson KE , Stief CG , Hennenberg M 
Published: February 2012

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE α1‐Adrenoceptor‐induced contraction of prostate smooth muscle is mediated by calcium‐ and Rho kinase‐dependent mechanisms. In addition, other mechanisms, such as activation of c‐jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) may be involved. Here, we investigated whether JNK participates in α1‐adrenoceptor‐induced contraction of human prostate smooth muscle.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Prostate tissue was obtained from patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. Effects of the JNK inhibitors SP600125 (50 µM) and BI‐78D3 (30 µM) on contractions induced by phenylephrine, noradrenaline and electric field stimulation (EFS) were studied in myographic measurements. JNK activation by noradrenaline (30 µM) and phenylephrine (10 µM), and the effects of JNK inhibitors of c‐Jun phosphorylation were assessed by Western blot analyses with phospho‐specific antibodies. Expression of JNK was studied by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence double staining.KEY RESULTS The JNK inhibitors SP600125 and BI‐78D3 reduced phenylephrine‐ and noradrenaline‐induced contractions of human prostate strips. In addition, SP600125 reduced EFS‐induced contraction of prostate strips. Stimulation of prostate tissue with noradrenaline or phenylephrine in vitro resulted in activation of JNK. Incubation of prostate tissue with SP600125 or BI‐78D3 reduced the phosphorylation state of c‐Jun. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated the expression of JNK in smooth muscle cells of human prostate tissue. Fluorescence staining showed that α1A‐adrenoceptors and JNK are expressed in the same cells.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Activation of JNK is involved in α1‐adrenoceptor‐induced prostate smooth muscle contraction. Models of α1‐adrenoceptor‐mediated prostate smooth muscle contraction should include this JNK‐dependent mechanism.
Similar Outcomes of Catheters Implanted by Nephrologists and Surgeons: Analysis of the Brazilian Peritoneal Dialysis Multicentric Study
Authors: de Moraes Thyago P. , Campos Rodrigo P. , de Alcântara Márcia Tokunaga , Chula Domingos , Vieira Marcos A. , Riella Miguel C. , Olandowski Márcia , Divino‐Filho José Carolino , Pecoits‐Filho Roberto ,   on behalf of the investigators of the BRAZPD
Published: February 2012

AbstractA good catheter implantation technique is important to allow for effective peritoneal access function and long‐term technique survival. Studies regarding results obtained by nephrologists in comparison with surgeons have been limited to small single‐center experiences. Thus, the objective of this study was to explore the impact of the peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheter insertion operator on early catheter complications and on technique survival in a large national multicentric cohort study (Brazilian Peritoneal Dialysis Multicentric Study, BRAZPD). Adult incident patients recruited in the BRAZPD from December 2004 to October 2007 having undergone first PD catheter implantation were included in the analysis. Mechanical and infectious early complication rates were defined as time to the first event occurring up to 3 months after catheter insertion and adjusted for comorbidities. Valid data of 736 patients (mean age of 59 ± 16 years old, 52% women, 61% white) were analyzed. Mechanical (HR 0.99 [CI 0.56–1.76]; p = 0.98) and infectious (HR 0.63 [CI 0.32–1.23]; p = 0.17) early complication rates were similar between groups. Long‐term catheter survival was also similar between groups. Early complications rates and catheter survival were similar between groups defined by operator profile (nephrologist or surgeon), supporting the role of interventional nephrology in the placement of PD catheters.
Comparison of the Palindrome vs. Step‐Tip Tunneled Hemodialysis Catheter: A Prospective Randomized Trial
Authors: Hwang Hyeon Seok , Kang Seok Hui , Choi Sun Ryoung , Sun In O , Park Hoon Suk , Kim Yongsoo 
Published: February 2012

AbstractNumerous designs for tunneled hemodialysis catheter have been developed in an effort to improve catheter function and survival. In this prospective randomized controlled study, 97 patients were randomized into the palindrome catheter group (PC, n = 47) and step‐tip catheter group (SC, n = 50). Demographic characteristics were not different between the two groups. The effective blood flow rates at different pump speeds were comparable between the two groups. The recirculation was low within acceptable range in both types of catheter, and hemodialysis adequacy was not different between the two groups. However, when arterial and venous blood lines were reversed, while the recirculation was significantly increased in SC, it was not increased at all in PC. The catheter dysfunction‐free survival rate was significantly higher in PC than in SC (78.9% vs. 54.4% at 2 months, p = 0.008). The overall catheter survival rate was also higher in PC than in SC (90.6% vs. 68.8% at 2 months, p = 0.015). We conclude that both catheters are equally effective on the adequate hemodialysis and low recirculation. However, the PCs have advantages over the SCs in terms of lower catheter dysfunction rate, lower recirculation with reversed blood lines, higher short‐term catheter survival rate.
Early and Mid‐Term Clinical Outcome of Emergency PCI in Patients with STEMI due to Unprotected Left Main Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: PARMA ANTONIO , FIORILLI ROSARIO , DE FELICE FRANCESCO , CHINI FRANCESCO , ROSSI PAOLO GIORGI , BORGIA PIERO , NAZZARO MARCO STEFANO , MUSTO CARMINE , GUASTICCHI GABRIELLA , VIOLINI ROBERTO 
Published: February 2012

Objectives:

Evaluation of acute and mid‐term outcomes of patients with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing emergency PCI due to unprotected left main coronary artery (ULMCA) disease.
Background:

STEMI patients due to ULMCA disease represent a rare, high risk group. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) may be the preferred strategy of myocardial revascularization but there are few data about this topic.
Methods:

We analyzed 30‐day and mid‐term mortality of 58 patients with STEMI and ULMCA disease as culprit lesion treated in our centre by emergency PCI between 2000 to 2010.
Results:

Mean age was 67.3 ± 11.5 years. Thirty (51.7%) patients had cardiogenic shock on admission. PCI success was achieved in 54 patients (93.1%). Mean follow‐up was 15.8 ± 10.9 months (median 14, range 6–45). Thirty‐day and mid‐term mortality rates were 39.7% and 44%. Backward binary logistic regression model identified cardiogenic shock at presentation (OR 12.6, 95% CI 2.97–53.6, P < 0.001), age ≥75 years (OR 5.9, 95% CI 1.3–26.5, P = 0.019) and post‐PCI TIMI flow grade <3 (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.8–5.7 P = 0.02) as independent predictors of 30‐day mortality. Cox proportional hazard ratio (HR) identified shock at presentation (HR 5.2, 95% CI 1.8–14.3, P < 0.002), age ≥75 years (HR 3.9, 95% CI 1.8–8.7, P < 0.001), post‐PCI TIMI flow grade <3 (HR 4.9, 95% CI 1.6–14.6; P < 0.005) as independent predictors of mid‐term mortality.
Conclusions:

In patients with STEMI and ULMCA as culprit lesion, emergency PCI is a valuable therapeutic strategy. Early and mid‐term survival depends on cardiogenic shock, advanced age, and PCI failure. Patients surviving the first month have good mid‐term prognosis. (J Interven Cardiol 2012;25:215–222)
The impact of arteriovenous fistula creation in pulmonary hypertension: Measurement of pulmonary pressures by right heart catheterization in a patient with respiratory failure following arteriovenous fistula creation
Authors: Poulikakos Dimitrios , Theti Davinder , Pau Vasanti , Banerjee Debasish , Jones Daniel 
Published: February 2012

AbstractPulmonary hypertension (PHT) is frequent in patients receiving hemodialysis (HD) and carries a high mortality. While it has been suggested that arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) may exacerbate PHT in HD patients, it has also been observed that creating AVF in patients with chronic lung disease and normal renal function may lead to improved exercise tolerance. Most of the observations regarding HD patients using echocardiography demonstrated that temporary closure of AVF improved pulmonary pressures. We present the case of a 45‐year‐old patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on HD who experienced respiratory failure following AVF formation and underwent right heart catheterization. Severe PHT was diagnosed but transient occlusion of the fistula failed to improve the PHT. This case supports the theory that fistula creation does not exacerbate pre‐existing PHT and that AVF can be the access of choice in patients with known chronic lung disease and pulmonary hypertension.
Split catheters in children on chronic hemodialysis: A single‐center experience
Authors: Paglialonga Fabio , Rossetti Giordano , Giannini Alberto , Chidini Giovanna , Napolitano Luisa , Testa Sara , Meregalli Elisa , Biasuzzi Antonietta , Edefonti Alberto 
Published: February 2012

AbstractTunneled central venous catheters (CVCs) play an increasing role as vascular access for chronic hemodialysis (HD) in children, but limited data exist about the optimal CVC choice. We analyzed the outcome, efficacy, and complications of tunneled CVCs, placed in our unit in the last 3 years. Nineteen 10 F Split‐Cath CVCs (two separate catheters fused along their length) were placed in 10 children, median age 9.19 years (range 2.15–13.31) and body weight (BW) between 10 and 40 kg. CVCs survival at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months was 94%, 77%, 51%, and 34%, respectively. Catheter survival was higher in children with BW > 20 kg than in smaller patients. Median survival was higher than that of 11 Quinton Permcath CVCs, placed in five children in the preceding 2 years (280 vs. 45 days, P < 0.05). Median blood flow rate and indices of HD adequacy were higher in children with lower BW (<20 kg vs. 20–30 kg vs. >30 kg) than in those with higher BW. Incidence of exit site and bloodstream infections was 2.32 and 0.66/1000 CVC days, respectively. One case of hemothorax due to subclavian artery puncture occurred during CVC placement. In conclusion, Split‐Cath 10 F CVC allows for effective dialysis in children undergoing HD, particularly those between 10 and 30 kg BW. Catheter survival is acceptable, but could be improved in small children.
L carnitine in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Calò Lorenzo A. , Vertolli Ugo , Davis Paul A. , Savica Vincenzo 
Published: February 2012

AbstractCarnitine, 3‐hydroxy‐4‐trimethylaminobutyrate, a small, water soluble molecule that is essential for mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, is significantly reduced in hemodialysis patients. Uremia‐induced carnitine deficiency, which is magnified by dialysis, is associated with symptoms or clinical problems such as anemia hyporesponsive to erythropoietin, cardiovascular diseases, and muscle weakness. This review examines studies dealing with the different clinical aspects of chronic renal failure patients in which carnitine deficiency may play a role and has also examined the studies, which have evaluated the effect of carnitine deficiency treatment. The reports reviewed in this study, including those more recent from our laboratory, have provided data suggesting that chronic renal failure and particularly hemodialysis patients can benefit from carnitine treatment in particular for renal anemia, insulin sensitivity, and protein catabolism. On the other hand, the heterogeneous clinical response to carnitine therapy in dialysis patients, reported by other studies, and the lack of large‐scale randomized trials are the rationale for the reluctance regarding a widespread use of carnitine supplements in dialysis patients. Well‐designed randomized clinical trials are therefore required to fully address the potentially important carnitine treatment in dialysis patients.
Transitions in Wetting Behavior Between Liquid Ag–CuO Alloys and Al2O3Substrates
Authors: Friant Jared R. , Meier Alan , Darsell Jens T. , Weil K. Scott 
Published: February 2012

The study reported here examines wetting between Al2O3 and a series of Ag–CuO air braze filler metals. Based on in‐situ contact angle measurements, two transitions in wetting behavior were identified in the composition range of 0–40 mol% CuO. The first transition occurs directly at the miscibility gap boundary composition (for a given temperature) of the Ag–CuO phase diagram and is attributable to the presence of two liquid phases, one of which is rich in copper oxide and preferentially wets the alumina substrate via the mechanism predicted by Cahn's critical point wetting theory. The second transition occurs at a filler metal composition that falls well within the miscibility gap for the Ag–CuO system and may occur due to the formation of a reaction product between the substrate and the molten filler metal, as denoted by small, discontinuous reaction regions.
Spark Plasma Sintering and Hot Pressing of Hetero‐Doped LaNbO4
Authors: Syvertsen Guttorm E. , Estournès Claude , Fjeld Harald , Haugsrud Reidar , Einarsrud Mari‐Ann , Grande Tor 
Published: February 2012

LaNbO4/La3NbO7 and LaNbO4/LaNb3O9 cer‐cer composites were prepared by impregnating Ca‐doped LaNbO4 powder, synthesized by spray pyrolysis, with La‐ or Nb‐precursor solutions. The sintering of the calcined powders was investigated by dilatometry, and dense composites were prepared by conventional sintering, hot pressing, and spark plasma sintering. The particle size of the starting powders was about 50 nm, and the average grain size of the dense materials ranged from 100 nm and upwards, depending on the sintering temperature, sintering procedure, and the phase composition. The unit cell parameters of LaNbO4 showed a finite size effect and approached the cell parameters of tetragonal LaNbO4 with decreasing crystallite size, both for the single‐phase material and the composites. The minority phase (La3NbO7 or LaNb3O9) were observed as isolated grains and accumulated at triple points and not along the grain boundaries, pointing to a large dihedral angle between the phases. The calcium‐solubility in the minority phases was larger than in LaNbO4, which corresponds well with previous reports. The electrical conductivity of the hetero‐doped materials was similar to, or lower than, that for Ca‐doped LaNbO4.
Combined White Luminescence from Eu3+, ML–Ag Particles and Ag+ in Ag–Eu3+ Co‐Doped H3BO3–BaF2 Glasses
Authors: Li Jing Jing , Chen Jin Deng , Wei Rong Fei , Guo Hai 
Published: February 2012

Luminescent properties of Ag–Eu3+ co‐doped 80H3BO3–20BaF2 glasses prepared by melt‐quenching technique at relatively low temperature (1000°C) were characterized by absorption, excitation, emission spectra, and lifetime measurements systematically. A white emission (X = 0.373, Y = 0.334) has emerged by combining red, green, and blue emissions that originated from Eu3+, very small molecule‐like, nonplamonic Ag particles (ML–Ag) and Ag+, respectively. Under nonresonant excitation (310–370 nm), Eu3+ emission was enhanced significantly by 60 times. Our results suggest that Ag–Eu3+ co‐doped H3BO3–BaF2 glasses could be potentially applied as white phosphors in white light emitting diodes.