bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS OF OPHTHALMIC VEHICLES ON THE STABILITY OF THE PRECORNEAL FILM
Authors: NORN MOGENS S. , OPAUSZKI ANNA 
Published: May 2009

The break up time (B. U. T.) of the precorneal film has been studied before and after application of 34 different vehicles. The material examined comprised 646 eyes.Maximum increase of the B. U. T. was obtained with 2% methyl cellulose (four times) and 10% polyvinyl alcohol (seven times). These vehicles in the usually employed concentrations, fat‐free ointment (polyethylene glycol), acetyl cysteine and polysaccharide (dextran) affected a less pronounced prolongation.The B. U. T. was reduced four or five times by fatty, anhydrous ointments and by silicone oil, about two or three times by emulsions and oils, and twice by 0.01% benzalkonium chloride.The clinical significance of the B. U. T. alterations is discussed.
VERTICAL STEPS IN ISOPTERS AT THE HEMIOPIC BORDER — IN NORMAL AND GLAUCOMATOUS EYES
Authors: DAMGAARD‐JENSEN LARS 
Published: May 2009

Careful perimetry disclosed small steps in peripheral isopters corresponding to the vertical meridian in about 50% of normal eyes as well as eyes with glaucomatous field defects. Most steps were found inferiorly. The contraction of the isopter was always found on the nasal side of the field apart from a few of the glaucomatous eyes, all of which also showed central field defects.The findings suggest that no significance with regard to pathology can be attached to small peripheral steps at the vertical meridian provided that the temporal hemifield is the greater. Steps showing preponderance of the nasal half of the field, however, should arouse suspicion of an existing pathology.The reported observation as well as findings in the literature concerning function, anatomy and pathology suggest that the nasal hemiretina is dominant over the temporal one.
UNILATERAL TRAUMATIC CATARACT IN CHILDREN
Authors: SJØLIE ANNE K. , MORTENSEN K. KAMP 
Published: May 2009

A survey is presented of the course of unilateral traumatic cataract in 15 children of 8 years of age and below, admitted consecutively to the Ophthalmological Department of the Odense University Hospital over a period of 9 years. The follow‐up examination revealed that four patients had visual acuity of more than 6/18, and of these two retained binocular single vision and used contact lenses.The size of the material does not permit any conclusive statements to be made. Thus it is impossible to select the patients who will have either a good or a poor final result from the treatment, with regard to vision and binocular single vision.
VARIATION AND HERITABILITY OF OCULAR DIMENSIONS
Authors: ALSBIRK P. H. 
Published: May 2009

Adult Greenland Eskimos from Umanaq town (age 15+) and villages (age 40+) were examined. Optical pachymetry, ultrasonic oculometry, corneal diameter and curvature measurements, and subjective refraction were performed in 5–600 persons. Frequent occurrence of primary angle‐closure glaucoma motivated the survey.Age‐, sex‐ and family‐variations were studied by linear regression analyses. Conspicuous age effect was found with respect to increase of lens thickness and forward displacement of the lens with age. Almost no age influence was found with respect to corneoscleral size, i. e. axial length, corneal size and corneal radius of curvature. Conspicuous heritability (h2 = 0.6–0.8) was found in corneoscleral size parameters as well as lens position, while refractive error showed a much smaller genetic influence.
RELATIVE CONTENTS OF SODIUM, POTASSIUM, WATER AND DRY MATTER IN HUMAN SENILE CATARACTOUS LENSES IN RELATION TO ANTERIOR CAPSULAR/SUBCAPSULAR OPACITY
Authors: KLAUBER A. , LAURSEN A. BRUUN 
Published: May 2009

In 49 human senile cataractous lenses the sodium and potassium concentrations of the lens water as well as the water and dry weight percentages were examined. It was found justifiable to classify the lenses into three categories on the basis of correlated biomicroscopic and biochemical findings:

Immature cataractous lenses without anterior capsular/subcapsular opacity (ac‐sco) were characterized by low CNaL+, high CKL+ and low sums of CNaL+ + CKL+.
Immature cataractous lenses with ac‐sco were characterized by intermediate values of CNaL+ and CKL+, as well as high sums of CNaL+ + CKL+.
Totally opaque lenses (these lenses had 80–100% of ac‐sco) were characterized by high CNaL+, low CKL+, high sums of CNaL+ + CKL+, high water, and low dry weight percentages.It was found that in immature cataractous lenses increasing extension of ac‐sco was correlated to increasing CNaL+ and increasing ratios of CNaL+/CNaA+ as well as to decreasing CKL + and decreasing ratios of CKL+/CKA+. The sums of CNaL+ + CKA+ increased. There was a correlation of the extent of ac‐sco to the water and dry weight percentages of the immature senile cataractous lenses with ac‐sco, viz. a negative correlation for water and a positive one for the dry weight. However, these latter two correlations may be due to chance significances, the level of significance being only 0.05 > P > 0.02 in both instances.Lenses which were estimated to have ≥ 30% of ac‐sco were found to be more opaque than lenses with ≤ 25% of ac‐sco.
CLOXACILLIN DISTRIBUTION IN THE RABBIT EYE AFTER INTRAVENOUS INJECTION
Authors: SALMINEN LOTTA 
Published: May 2009

Distribution of isotopically labelled and intravenously injected cloxacillin was studied in the rabbit eye. The antibiotic concentration determined by liquid scintillation counting proved to be a reliable measure of the total antibiotic concentration when controlled by microbiological assay. In the rabbit eye after an intravenous injection of 50 mg/kg of cloxacillin sodium, longlasting antibiotic concentration regarded as therapeutic against penicillinase producing staphylococci was obtained in all vascularized ocular structures and in the cornea. The antibiotic present in the iris and ciliary body, and in the retina and choroid preparations, proved to be partly intravascular, whereas it penetrated better into the extravascular tissue compartment of the sclera and limbal area. Cloxacillin failed to achieve a therapeutic antibiotic concentration in the vitreous body and in the lens.Administration of probenecid had an enhancing effect on ocular cloxacillin concentration allowing improved drug diffusion into the eye by means of an elevated plasma concentration. No specific ocular effect of probenecid was noticed. Therapeutic concentration of cloxacillin in the aqueous humour, otherwise barely achieved, was more satisfactorily obtained with a previous injection of probenecid.
CORNEAL THICKNESS: I. Age Variation, Sex Difference and Oculometric Correlations
Authors: ALSBIRK P. H. 
Published: May 2009

An oculometric survey was performed in a Greenland Eskimo population, covering 98% of selected age groups. From this sample 839 persons without corneal abnormalities, aged 7–89 years, formed the basis of a central corneal thickness (CT) study. A sample of 98 Danes in Greenland was measured for comparison. Using Haag Streit 900 pachymeter No. I, the average of three readings from both eyes was taken to represent the individuals. In Eskimos a Gaussian distribution of CT values was found with mean and SD: 0.518 + 0.032 mm in males and 0.529 + 0.029 mm in females. A significant corneal thinning with age was seen, predominantly in males (0.0007 mm decrease per year). Thus in adults an increasingly significant sex difference was observed (0.019 mm above the age of 40), while boys and girls differed only little (0.005 mm). A subsample with primary angle‐closure glaucoma showed an insignificant CT excess.The Danes showed a corresponding thinning with age although not significant. A highly significant ethnic difference was found, but only in men (Eskimos 0.024 mm below Danes).In a subsample of 325 adult Eskimos oculometric correlations were studied. Between CT and refractive error (r = +0.12) as well as CT and anterior chamber depth (r = ‐0.12) just significant correlations were found (P < 0.05). Other relationships showed weaker correlations.
RETROLENTAL FIBROPLASIA
Authors: TARKKANEN AHTI , MUSTONEN RAINE 
Published: May 2009

In the period 1956–1974, 31 new cases of retrolental fibroplasia (RLF) were diagnosed at the Helsinki University Eye Hospital. All were alive in 1974. 90% weighed less than 1500 g at birth and the gestational age of less than 30 weeks at birth was present in 85%. All patients had required supplementary oxygen during the first weeks of life. 84% of the eyes had visual acuity of finger counting 1 m or less and when classified according to the corrected visual acuity in the better eye, 71% of the patients were practically blind according to the classification by Rintelen. 81% of the eyes showed one of the cicatricial stages of RLF, III to V, and 45% showed the grade V of the disease. 11% of the eyes showed corneal opacities, 44% a flat or absent anterior chamber, 11% had intraocular pressure of ≥ 30 mmHg and 21% showed lenticular opacities.When the period of the observation was surveyed, it was found that during the latter half of the observation period, twice as many new cases of RLF were born. At a rough estimate it was calculated that in 1956–1974 at least 50 new cases of RLF developed in Finland.
LENTICONUS ANTERIOR AND ALPORT'S SYNDROME
Authors: NIELSEN CLAUS EGE 
Published: May 2009

Six patients, from five families, five males and one female, suffering from lenticonus anterior are presented. Furthermore, all suffered from chronic nephritis and nerve deafness and must be considered cases of Alport's syndrome.As all cases with lenticonus anterior which have been published within the last 13 years likewise were affected with nerve deafness and/or chronic nephritis, the assumption is submitted that lenticonus anterior exists exclusively as a part of Alport's syndrome.It is pointed out that four patients had a weakened bilateral macula reflex with changes in pigmentation. Attention is drawn to the fact that patients with lenticonus anterior often have a cornea astigmatism of 2–3 D.A complete table of all reported patients with anterior lenticonus is presented.
CATECHOLAMINE‐CONTAINING AND ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE‐POSITIVE NERVE FIBRES IN THE RABBIT CONJUNCTIVA
Authors: KARJALAINEN K. , TERVO T. , PALKAMA A. 
Published: May 2009

The innervation of the rabbit conjunctiva was investigated histochemically. Nerves containing acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were demonstrated using a copper thiocholine technique. Sympathetic nerve fibres were demonstrated using either the formaldehyde‐induced fluorescence (FIF) or glyoxylic acid induced fluorescence (GIF) method. In addition, GIF and AChE‐reactions were performed consecutively for the demonstration of fluorescent and AChE‐positive nerves in the same specimen.The number of AChE‐positive nerve fibres exceeded that of fluorescent fibres. Both fibre types were more numerous in the stroma of the limbal and tarsal conjunctiva than in the fornix.In the epithelium, only a few AChE‐positive nerves were observed. These are assumed to be sensory.Most nerves seemed to contain both catecholamine‐containing and AChE‐positive fibres. However, nerves fibres containing only AChE‐activity were also found. The blood vessels of the conjunctiva were innervated by both fluorescent and AChE‐positive nerves, the distribution and number of which differed slightly.
A DOUBLE‐BLIND STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF TRANEXAMIC ACID ON THE INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE AND THE CENTRAL CORNEAL THICKNESS AFTER TRABECULECTOMY FOR GLAUCOMA SIMPLEX
Authors: BRAMSEN THORKILD 
Published: May 2009

The influence of tranexamic acid on the intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness has been examined by means of a double‐blind trial in patients with glaucoma simplex. The material comprised 28 patients (14 pairs) who had all been operated on for glaucoma in one eye by trabeculectomy.Tranexamic acid was found not to influence the intraocular pressure, neither in the operated eye nor in the opposite eye. The possible antifibrinolytic effect on the outflow of the aqueous humour is discussed.As in previous studies an effect of tranexamic acid on the central corneal thickness was found in both the operated and in the non‐operated eye. A possible mechanism behind this is discussed.
CANNULA‐PROBING COMBINED WITH NASAL PROCEDURE FOR DACRYOCYSTITIS NEONATORUM
Authors: KORCHMAROS IMRE , SZALAY EDIT 
Published: May 2009

Between 1973–1976 a total of 2063 cases of dacryocystitis neonatorum have been treated by cannula‐probing in our department. In 37 cases the cannula‐probing had to be combined with a nasal procedure for opening the closed nasolacrimal membrane: a periosteal elevator was passed into the inferior meatus of the nasal cavity and its tip was rubbed against the tip of the cannula‐probe through the imperforate mucosa of the ostium. The patency of the duct was tested by simultaneous syringing.In 35 cases the lacrimal pathway became permanently patent after one nasal procedure and in 2 cases after two operations.This kind of nasal procedure is indicated: 1) in those cases where the cannula‐probing meets with resistance at the ostium; 2) in those cases where control syringing ‐ made while slowly withdrawal the cannula‐probe ‐ is repeatedly unsuccessful at the beginning of the withdrawal.
CENTRAL THICKNESS IN CORNEAL DISORDERS
Authors: EHLERS NIELS , BRAMSEN THORKILD 
Published: May 2009

In the single individual the central corneal thickness (CCT) shows only small variations. Therefore CCT has been studied in a number of corneal diseases in order to investigate if this dimension might contribute to the diagnosis or to the understanding of the pathogenesis.Normal CCT was found in hereditary dystrophies with the exception of the macular dystrophy of Groenouw (type II), which showed a significantly reduced thickness. Reduced CCT was found in chronic degenerations of leutic, tuberculous or indefinite nature. Marginal degenerations of Fuchs‐Terrien type also showed reduced CCT. The possible role of abiotrophic processes in this corneal thinning is discussed.Endothelial dysfunction is indicated by increased CCT. This occurs in bullous keratopathy and in many acute disorders. Vascularisation of the cornea does not preclude the occurrence of normal or even reduced thickness.
THE EFFECT OF X‐IRRADIATION ON THE SODIUM‐POTASSIUM‐ACTIVATED ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASE (Na‐K‐ATPase) ACTIVITY IN THE EPITHELIUM OF THE RAT LENS A Histochemical and Biochemical Study
Authors: PALVA MARKKU 
Published: May 2009

The epithelial Na‐K‐ATPase activity of the rat lens was studied after X‐irradiation at intervals of three to ninety days. The enzyme was demonstrated histochemically by light microscopy and it was measured biochemically by a fluorometric method. Neither histochemical nor biochemical changes of Na‐K‐ATPase content of the lens epithelium were observed during the development of cataract.In whole‐mount preparations the enzyme activity was localized in the cell membranes. However, one month after radiation a few peripheral cells had in addition a precipitate over the whole cell.The unaltered Na‐K‐ATPase content in the epithelium suggests that the hydration of the lens after X‐irradiation is primarily caused by changes in the passive permeability properties of the cell membranes and not by a decreased capacity of the active cation pump.
HLA‐B 12 AND HLA‐B 27 ANTIGENS AND SUSCEPTIBILITY TO THE CORNEAL ALLOGRAFT REACTION
Authors: VANNAS SALME , TIILIKAINEN ANJA , VANNAS ANTTI , KARJALAINEN KARI 
Published: May 2009

Our series comprised 100 penetrating corneal transplantations: 36 cases with HLA‐B 12 and/or B 27 antigen in the recipient and, as controls, 64 cases without these antigens. The cornea was vascular in 44% of the HLA‐B 12/B 27 group and in 40% of the controls.In the HLA‐B 12/B 27 group AR developed in 13 of 36 cases, 36%; but in the control group only in one case (2%). In vascular and avascular cases the incidence of AR was equal.Among the high‐risk cases of the HLA‐B 12/B 27 group with definite mismatching of B 12 or B 27 antigens, 9 of the 14 recipients had developed AR. Six further recipients of this group had untyped grafts, and AR occurred in 4 of the 6, but in none of the 16 cases that were matched for B 12 or B 27 antigens.The value of a compatible graft, at least to the carriers of HLA‐B 12 and/or B 27 antigens, is thus confirmed.
ULTRASONOGRAPHY AND COMPUTER TOMOGRAPHY IN ORBITAL DIAGNOSIS
Authors: FLEDELIUS HANS C. , GYLDENSTED CARSTEN 
Published: May 2009

A report is given on a series of 162 patients referred for ultrasound examination (US, A‐mode) due to orbital disease. 101 also had computerized tomography (CT, Emi scanner Mark I, 160 times 160 matrix, 8 mm sections), the results of which were emphasized in a recent publication (Gyldensted et al. 1977).The present approach is primarily clinical. With histopathological confirmation in only 40% of the cases, it is difficult to give exact values for diagnostic accuracy, but it appeared to be above 90% for CT, and close to this value for US (depending on, of course, how specified the diagnostic predictions were).Dysthyroid ophthalmopathy (DO, orbital Graves' disease, endocrine exophthalmos) was the most frequent cause of unilateral protrusion (24 cases). In some such cases “tumour‐positive” CT scans represent a diagnostic pitfall, unless the examiner is familiar with the clinical features of DO. In the present series, for example, one of the DO cases had trans‐cranial exploration of the orbit.The two — indeed valuable — non‐invasive methods (CT and US) should be assessed in combination, and also combined with the classic clinical evaluation of the patient.
ETIDOCAINE AND LIDOCAINE IN OPHTHALMIC SURGERY: Short Communication
Authors: ELLINGSSON ARNE , AASVED HENRY 
Published: May 2009

A double‐blind study has been made comparing etidocaine 1% (Duranest®) and lidocaine 2% (Xylocain®). The investigation comprised 92 patients with senile cataract, operated under retrobulbar anesthesia and facial nerve block.During the normal interval between the injection and the operation, lidocaine seemed to be more effective than etidocaine, both as an analgetic and kinetic agent, while etidocaine had a longer analgetic effect. The relative high adrenaline (epinephrine) content in lidocaine 2% is discussed.
CONTRACTILE PROPERTIES OF EXTRACULAR MUSCLE IN CATS REARED WITH MONOCULAR LID CLOSURE AND ARTIFICIAL SQUINT
Authors: LENNERSTRAND GUNNAR , HANSON JERKER 
Published: May 2009

Kittens were raised with amblyopia by monocular lid suture or esotropia by transection of extraocular muscles in one eye at the age of 2–3 weeks. Isometric contractions in the inferior oblique muscle were recorded at 20 weeks or at adult age, and the results were compared with those of similarly aged cats with normal visual development. The speed of contraction and the fatigue resistance was reduced in the lid sutured animals. In the esotropic cats studied, fatigue resistance was also reduced but the speed of contraction did not change much.It is suggested that the postnatal eye muscle development can be modified by manipulation of the visual input at an early age. Presumably the impaired binocular vision in the lid sutured and esotropic cats reduced the demand for fusion vergences, and this might be reflected in the changes of eye muscle properties. In monocularly lid sutured cats, eye muscle changes were the same on both sides, suggesting that amblyopia per se did not affect eye muscle development.
A CLINICAL STUDY ON THE DETECTION OF STRABISMUS, ANISOMETROPIA OR AMETROPIA OF CHILDREN BY SIMULTANEOUS PHOTOGRAPHY OF THE CORNEAL AND THE FUNDUS REFLEXES
Authors: KAAKINEN KARI , TOMMILA VEIKKO 
Published: May 2009

Twenty two strabismus and 106 straight eyed patients with anatomically normal eyes were first photographed with a conventional camera equiped with a weak 100 mm teleobjective and coaxial flashlight and then examined clinically. The possibility of detecting strabismus, anisometropias and ametropias in the photographs by noting the localisation of the corneal reflexes and examining the appearance and lightness of the fundus reflexes and their possible asymmetry were tested in a double blind study. Even small angled strabismus cases could be found because of the asymmetrical localisation of the corneal reflexes. In 18 of the 22 strabismus cases (82%) there was asymmetrical lightness of the fundus reflexes and the fundus reflex of the deviating eye was lighter than that of the fixating eye. All the straight eyed anisometropias of 3.0 diopters or more (five cases) were observed in the photographs because of the asymmetrical appearance of the fundus reflexes. In straight eyed anisometropias of under 3.0 diopters, the fundus reflexes were symmetrical in 90 cases and asymmetrical in 11 cases (11%).Only three out of eight hyperopias of from + 4.5 to + 6.0 diopters were found because of the light crescent in the low part of the pupil. All myopias of over ‐4.0 diopters (14 cases) were observed because of the light crescent appearance in the upper part of the pupil. No pupillary crescents appeared with refractions of less than ‐1.75 diopters myopia or less than + 4.5 diopters hyperopia; 172 eyes came within this range.Even a technician can perform, without premedication, the method tested here for rapid and simple screening to detect strabismus and straight eyed anisometropias of 3.0 diopters or more in small children or other patients who do not co‐operate well in normal clinical examination. Over ‐4.0 diopters myopias can also be found.The method was rather unrealiable for finding hyperopias, presumably because no cycloplegic drops were used.
RACEMOSE HAEMANGIOMA OF THE RETINA: Report of three cases with long term follow‐up
Authors: BERNTH‐PETERSEN PETER 
Published: May 2009

Racemose haegiomas of the retina are rare developmental anomalies. The basic lesion is an abnormal arterio‐venous communication.Three new cases with long term follow‐up are presented. In two of the cases the first symptom was loss of vision due to retinal and vitreous haemorrhage. In the third case gradual reduction of vision was due to vascular leakage into the macular area. The recent literature is reviewed and the association to midbrain haemangiomas discussed. The ophthalmological differential diagnosis, the prognosis and the present status in treatment is presented.
CORNEAL ENDOTHELIAL CELLS IN ESSENTIAL IRIS ATROPHY
Authors: SETÄLÄ KIRSI , VANNAS ANTTI 
Published: May 2009

The specular microscope was used to study the corneal endothelium in three patients with essential iris atrophy and three patients with anterior mesodermal disorders with uncertain diagnose. Pleomorphic and enlarged endothelial cells were found to be typical for essential iris atrophy. The changes were also present in one eye with normal pressure.In the patients with other types of iridal disorder the endothelial cells were normal in form. In one of these patients high intraocular pressure and surgery had seemingly led to enlargement of the endothelial cells. According to our findings, the specular microscope is a useful aid in differentiating essential iris atrophy from other disorders of the iris.
TIMOLOL TRANSITORY MANIFESTATIONS OF DRY EYES IN LONG TERM TREATMENT
Authors: NIELSEN NIELS VESTI , ERIKSEN JENS SINDBERG 
Published: May 2009

In 64 patients treated with timolol eye drops (0.25% and 0.50%) seven patients developed transitory sensation of dry eyes. Two of these subjects also had xerostomia. Conjunctival and corneal defects were disclosed simultaneously with rose bengal staining. Morphologically, some of these lesions might have the same appearance as of the early stages of kerato‐conjunctivitis sicca. A reduction of Schirmer test and break‐up time was noted. The duration of symptoms ranged from 3 to 13 days. The mean time of treatment at the début of symtoms was 30 weeks (range 23–43 weeks). A pathogenesis of these seemingly harmless findings is at the present obscure.In none of our patients was the treatment discontinued and the symptoms did not reappear.