bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circadian and ultradian rhythms: Clinical implications
Authors: Lightman Stafford L. , Conway‐Campbell Becky L. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis is an extremely dynamic system with a combination of both circadian and ultradian oscillations. This state of ‘continuous dynamic equilibration’ provides a platform that is able to anticipate events, is sensitive in its response to stressors, remains robust during perturbations of both the internal and external environments and shows plasticity to adapt to a changed environment. In this review, we describe these oscillations of glucocorticoid (GC) hormones and why they are so important for GC‐dependent gene activation in the brain and liver, and their consequent effects on the regulation of synaptic and memory function as well as appetite control and metabolic regulation. Abnormalities of mood, appetite and metabolic regulation are well‐known consequences of GC therapy, and we suggest that the pattern of GC treatment and hormone replacement should be a much higher priority for endocrinologists and the pharmaceutical industry. One of the major impediments to our research on the importance of these cortisol rhythms in our patients has been our inability to measure repeated levels of hormones across the day in patients in their home or work surroundings. We describe how new wearable methodologies now allow the measurement of 24‐h cortisol profiles – including during sleep – and will enable us to define physiological normality and allow us both to develop better diagnostic tests and inform, at an individual patient level, how to improve replacement therapy.
Direct and indirect effects of degree of interdisciplinarity on firms' innovation performance: The moderating role of firms' capabilities
Authors: Melnychuk Tetyana , Schultz Carsten 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCombinations of heterogeneous knowledge from different scientific domains may drive highly innovative outcomes. Our study investigates whether firms can benefit from interdisciplinary research and development (R&D) activities by also reflecting on the potential negative consequences of increasing complexity of outcome validation activities at later stages of innovation processes. We explore which resources and organizational capabilities may influence the efficacy of interdisciplinary R&D activities. We examine whether the available financial slack, collaborations with universities, and a high betweenness centrality in scientific networks may promote the flexibility, scope, and efficiency of knowledge integration, and thus moderate the direct and mediated relationships between the degree of interdisciplinarity (DoI) of a firm's R&D activities and innovation performance. To test our hypotheses, we performed an analysis of medical technology firms that are highly dependent on interdisciplinary R&D. We collected a panel dataset of R&D activities and successful market launches of new products from 79 large medical technology firms between 1997 and 2021. The measurement of a firm's DoI is based on a novel approach involving neural networks in a bibliographic data graph. Our results suggest that firms can improve their innovation performance if they conduct interdisciplinary R&D activities. However, higher levels of DoI also increase the complexity of the required outcome validation, which reduces a firm's innovation performance. We also found that high levels of financial slack help to overcome barriers of implementing interdisciplinary R&D activities. Collaborations with universities, and good access to knowledge in scientific networks, further foster interdisciplinary knowledge application in new product development.
Racial and gender differences in relapse potential and treatment acceptance among rural residents in a substance use disorder treatment program
Authors: Wandji Serge R. , Tavakoli Abbas S. , Davis Jean E. , Pope Robert , Abshire Demetrius A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPurposeTo examine racial and gender differences in treatment acceptance and relapse potential among rural residents admitted to a substance use disorder (SUD) treatment program.MethodsA cross‐sectional study using data collected from a sample of 1850 rural residents admitted to a South Carolina state‐run SUD treatment center between the years of 2018 and 2020. Chi‐square and t‐tests were used to compare treatment acceptance and relapse potential by race and gender. Multivariate logistic regression analyses was conducted to further examine the relationship of race and gender with treatment acceptance and relapse potential after adjusting for potential confounding variables.FindingsApproximately 50% of participants were classified as being accepting of their treatment and committed to changing their substance use, and there were no racial or gender differences in the bivariate and multivariate analyses. Approximately 25% of participants were classified as having low/no potential risk for relapsing, and there were no racial or gender differences in the bivariate analysis. However, the adjusted odds ratio of relapsing risk were lower among White compared to Black adults [AOR = 0.49 with 95% CI (0.31–0.77)].ConclusionThis study suggests there are no gender or racial differences in treatment acceptance for SUD but that Black adults are at greater risk of relapsing relative to White adults. Additional research is needed to identify factors that increase Black adults’ risk for relapse to inform interventions that can improve SUD treatment outcomes in this population.
Primary phenotypic features associated with caudal neck pathology in warmblood horses
Authors: Dyson Sue , Zheng Shichen , Aleman Monica 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundDetailed descriptions of clinical signs associated with radiological findings of the caudal cervical vertebral column are not available.Objectives/HypothesesDescribe the clinical features associated with neck pain or stiffness, neck‐related thoracic limb lameness, proprioceptive ataxia consistent with a cervicothoracic spinal cord or nerve lesion, and their frequency of occurrence compared with control horses.AnimalsA total of 223 Warmblood horses.MethodsCase‐control study. Controls and cases were recruited prospectively. All horses underwent predetermined lameness and neurologic examinations. The frequency of occurrence of each clinical feature was compared between cases and controls and relative risk (RR) were calculated.ResultsNinety‐six cases and 127 controls were included. Forty‐seven (49%) of the cases were classified as neurologic, 31 (32.3%) had thoracic limb lameness, and 18 (18.7%) had neck stiffness or pain or both. Focal caudal cervical muscle atrophy (46, 47.9%), hypoesthesia (38, 39.6%), patchy sweating (16, 16.7%), hyperesthesia (11, 11.5%), and pain upon firm pressure applied over the caudal cervical articular process joints and transverse processes (58, 60.4%) were only observed in cases (P < .001). Sideways flexion of the neck was restricted in a higher proportion of cases (47/96, 49%) compared with controls (40/127, 31.8%; P = .009, RR 1.5). Hopping‐type thoracic limb lameness was only observed in cases, (30, 31.6%). Deterioration in lameness after diagnostic anesthesia occurred in 13/31 (41.9%) cases.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceSystematic clinical evaluation using the methods described should enable clinical differentiation between horses with caudal cervical lesions and horses with other causes of gait abnormalities.
Attention‐optimized 3D segmentation and reconstruction system for sewer pipelines employing multi‐view images
Authors: Ma Duo , Wang Niannian , Fang Hongyuan , Chen Weiwei , Li Bin , Zhai Kejie 
Published: June 2024

AbstractExisting deep learning‐based defect inspection results on images lack depth information to fully demonstrate the sewer, despite their high accuracy. To address this limitation, a novel attention‐optimized three‐dimensional (3D) segmentation and reconstruction system for sewer pipelines is presented. First, a real‐time sewer segmentation method called AM‐Pipe‐SegNet is developed to inspect defects (i.e., misalignment, obstacle, and fracture) efficiently. Attention mechanisms (AMs) are introduced to improve the performance of segmentation. Second, an attention‐optimized and sparse‐initialized depth estimation network called AM‐Pipe‐DepNet is presented to generate depth maps from multi‐view images. Third, a 2D‐to‐3D mapping algorithm is proposed to remove noise and transform the sewer segmentation results into 3D spaces. Comparison experiments reveal that incorporating AMs into the network significantly enhances pipe segmentation and 3D reconstruction performance. Finally, two digital replicas of real sewer pipes are built based on photos taken by probes, providing valuable insights for sewer maintenance.
Deep Q‐network learning‐based active speed management under autonomous driving environments
Authors: Kang Kawon , Park Nuri , Park Juneyoung , Abdel‐Aty Mohamed 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEfficient traffic safety management necessitates real‐time crash risk prediction using expressway characteristics. With the emergence of autonomous vehicles (AVs), the development and evaluation of variable speed limit (VSL) strategies, a key active traffic management technique, become crucial for enhancing safety and mobility in mixed traffic flows. This underscores the need for optimized VSL strategies to accommodate both conventional and AVs. This paper presents a study on the development of VSL control algorithms using deep reinforcement learning in a microscopic traffic simulation. As the rewards function, time‐to‐collision and speed were considered. To enhance traffic safety, VSL strategies were refined across various market penetration of connected AVs. Analysis revealed that safety and traffic density are improved by 53% and 59%, respectively, in market penetration rate (MPR) 50, marking significant safety improvements in congested and low MPR scenarios. These findings present the importance of developing and evaluating VSL strategies for mixed traffic flow, particularly in the context of increasing the prevalence of connected and AVs.
Deservingness at the frontline: How health‐related responsibility cues affect sanctioning and prioritization of citizens
Authors: Halling Aske , Christensen Julian , Hansen Frederik Godt , Petersen Niels Bjørn Grund 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDeservingness literature has shown that people, including frontline workers, spontaneously judge whether welfare recipients are responsible for their own situation or are victims of circumstances beyond their own control, and that these judgments shape behaviors and opinions. We contribute to this literature by examining the impact of clients' responsibility for their own sickness on how the clients are treated by frontline workers. Using a pre‐registered vignette survey experiment among 1050 caseworkers, we examine our hypothesis that frontline workers treat clients who are responsible for their own sickness more harshly. In the experiment, we manipulate whether a client got COVID‐19 because of his own behavior or was unlucky to catch it. We find that although the manipulation strongly influences frontline workers' responsibility attribution, it does not affect inclinations to help or sanction the client. Our findings highlight that factors other than deservingness are important for frontline workers' prioritization of sick citizens.
Diagnosis and management of food allergy‐induced constipation in young children—An EAACI position paper
Authors: Meyer Rosan , Vandenplas Yvan , Lozinsky Adriana Chebar , Vieira Mario C. , Berni Canani Roberto , du Toit George , Dupont Christophe , Giovannini Mattia , Uysal Pinar , Cavkaytar Ozlem , Knibb Rebecca , Fleischer David M. , Nowak‐Wegrzyn Anna , Venter Carina 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe recognition of constipation as a possible non‐Immunoglobulin E (IgE)‐mediated allergic condition is challenging because functional constipation (unrelated to food allergies) is a common health problem with a reported worldwide prevalence rate of up to 32.2% in children. However, many studies in children report challenge proven cow's milk allergy and constipation as a primary symptom and have found that between 28% and 78% of children improve on a cow's milk elimination diet. Due to the paucity of data and a focus on IgE‐mediated allergy, not all food allergy guidelines list constipation as a symptom of food allergy. Yet, it is included in all cow's milk allergy guidelines available in English language. The Exploring Non‐IgE‐Mediated Allergy (ENIGMA) Task Force (TF) of the European Academy for Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) considers in this paper constipation in the context of failure of standard treatment and discuss the role of food allergens as culprit in constipation in children. This position paper used the Delphi approach in reaching consensus on both diagnosis and management, as currently published data are insufficient to support a systematic review.
You are a hero! The influence of audience‐as‐hero narratives on policy support
Authors: Chalaya Tatiana , Schlaufer Caroline , Uldanov Artem 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEffective communication increases support for policy measures. This article argues that a narrative that portrays a policy's target group as a hero is most effective in generating support for the given policy. The research builds on the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) to test the influence of an audience‐as‐hero narrative on the opinion about a new campfire regulation among visitors to a national park in Russia. A survey experiment with 314 visitors to the national park compares the influence of a narrative portraying the regulation's target group as a hero (a park visitor) on policy opinion and a narrative portraying another hero (a firefighter). Results show that the audience‐as‐hero narrative has more influence on policy support than a nonnarrative message and also more than a narrative portraying another hero. This indicates that audience‐as‐hero narratives are particularly effective in generating support for policies.Related ArticlesCrow, Deserai A., Lydia A. Lawhon, John Berggren, Juhi Huda, Elizabeth Koebele, and Adrianne Kroepsch. 2017. “A Narrative Policy Framework Analysis of Wildfire Policy Discussions in Two Colorado Communities.” Politics & Policy 45(4): 626–56. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12207.Shanahan, Elizabeth A., Mark K. McBeth, and Paul L. Hathaway. 2011. “Narrative Policy Framework: The Influence of Media Policy Narrative on Public Opinion.” Politics & Policy 39(3): 373–400. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2011.00295.x/abstract.Smith‐Walter, Aaron, Holly L. Peterson, Michael D. Jones, and Ashley Nicole Reynolds Marshall. 2016. “Gun Stories: How Evidence Shapes Firearm Policy in the United States.” Politics & Policy 44: 1053–88. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12187/full.
HgS2, a novel salt‐responsive gene from the Halophyte Halogeton glomeratus, confers salt tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis
Authors: Huang Zhilei , Yao Lirong , Li Baochun , Ma Xiaole , Si Erjing , Yang Ke , Zhang Hong , Meng Yaxiong , Wang Juncheng , Wang Huajun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHalophyte Halogeton glomeratus mostly grows in saline desert areas in arid and semi‐arid regions and is able to adapt to adverse conditions such as salinity and drought. Earlier transcriptomic studies revealed activation of the HgS2 gene in the leaf of H. glomeratus seedlings when exposed to saline conditions. To identify the properties of HgS2 in H. glomeratus, we used yeast transformation and overexpression in Arabidopsis. Yeast cells genetically transformed with HgS2 exhibited K+ uptake and Na+ efflux compared with control (empty vector). Stable overexpression of HgS2 in Arabidopsis improved its resistance to salt stress and led to a notable rise in seed germination in salinity conditions compared to the wild type (WT). Transgenic Arabidopsis regulated ion homeostasis in plant cells by increasing Na+ absorption and decreasing K+ efflux in leaves, while reducing Na+ absorption and K+ efflux in roots. In addition, overexpression of HgS2 altered transcription levels of stress response genes and regulated different metabolic pathways in roots and leaves of Arabidopsis. These results offer new insights into the role of HgS2 in plants' salt tolerance.
The growth factors amphiregulin and epiregulin are novel stimulators of feline ovarian granulosa cell functions
Authors: Fabová Zuzana , Loncová Barbora , Harrath Abdel Halim , Sirotkin Alexander V. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the impact of the epidermal growth factor receptor ligands amphiregulin (AREG) and epiregulin (EREG) on the fundamental functions of feline ovarian granulosa cells. Granulosa cells isolated from feline ovaries were incubated with AREG and EREG (0, 0.1, 1 or 10 ng/mL). The effects of these growth factors on cell viability, proliferation (assessed through BrdU incorporation), nuclear apoptosis (evaluated through nuclear DNA fragmentation) and the release of progesterone and estradiol were determined using Cell Counting Kit‐8 assays, BrdU analysis, TUNEL assays and ELISAs, respectively. Both AREG and EREG increased cell viability, proliferation and steroid hormone release and reduced apoptosis. The present findings suggest that these epidermal growth factor receptor ligands may serve as physiological stimulators of feline ovarian cell functions.
Using summary tables to introduce principal component analysis in an elementary data science course
Authors: Paolino Jon‐Paul 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis article presents a novel approach to introducing principal component analysis (PCA), using summary tables and descriptive statistics. Given its applicability across a variety of academic disciplines, this topic offers abundant opportunity for class discussion and activities. However, teaching PCA in an introductory class can be challenging due to the potential abstraction of multivariate datasets, and especially when students have a minimal background in statistics or data science. This method aims to help teachers bridge the gap between basic descriptive statistics and the more advanced concepts of PCA; this is done by disregarding mathematical optimization, while emphasizing the use of summary tables and the programming language R. The focus is on implementing this method in an introductory tertiary data science course; however, it may potentially be used in higher level courses, and across a variety of disciplines.
Performance of an automated immunoturbidimetric assay for bovine serum amyloid A
Authors: Nielsen Lise N. , Petersen Mette B. , Capion Nynne , Lundsgaard Jo F.‐H. , Jensen Asger L. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundAcute phase proteins are a group of vital constituents of the innate immune system, which may also serve as circulatory biomarkers of inflammation. The major acute phase protein serum amyloid A (SAA) is a reliable and sensitive biomarker in cows, allowing for rapid detection of inflammatory disease. A multispecies automated immunoturbidimetric assay (VET‐SAA, Eiken) has been validated for horses, dogs, and cats, and it has been used to measure SAA concentrations in bovine samples.ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to perform an analytical validation of the VET‐SAA immunoturbidometric assay based on monoclonal antihuman SAA antibodies for the measurement of SAA in clinical samples from cows.Methods and ResultsThe validation included an assessment of imprecision, inaccuracy, and detection limit, as well as an evaluation of the overlap performance, using banked serum from healthy and sick cows with or without inflammatory disease. Intra‐ and interassay variation ranged from 0.91% to 2.9% and 2.5% to 5.8%, respectively. The assay was performed with acceptable accuracy within a clinically relevant range of SAA, although minor signs of inaccuracy were detected. Overlap performance was acceptable, with the VET‐SAA assay able to differentiate between healthy cows and cows with inflammatory and noninflammatory conditions. The automated VET‐SAA assay is considered acceptable for the measurement of SAA in cows.
A Review of Mechanism and Technology of Hybrid Bonding
Authors: Xu Yipeng , Zeng Yanping , Zhao Yi , Lee Choonghyun , He Minhui , Liu Zongfang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
With the development of semiconductor technology, traditional flip-chip bonding has been difficult to meet the high-density, high-reliability requirements of advanced packaging technology. As an advanced three-dimensional stacked packaging technology, Cu-SiO2 hybrid bonding technology can achieve high-density electrical interconnection without bumps, which expands the transmission performance and interconnection density of chips greatly. However, the investigation on Cu-SiO2 bonding is far from mature, and many researchers are studying Cu-SiO2 bonding passionately. There are many technologies that use different bonding mechanisms to achieve Cu-SiO2 bonding, which will affect the bonding strength directly. We review the mechanism and research progress of Cu-Cu bonding, SiO2-SiO2 bonding. What is more, we summarize the comparison of bonding conditions and bonding strength of various methods furtherly. According to the bonding mechanism, we propose some economical solutions for low-temperature Cu-SiO2 hybrid bonding, with the aim of providing certain references for the further development of advanced semiconductor packaging.
Active Learning Through Video Conferencing to Maintain Physical Activity Among Older Adults: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Uemura Kazuki , Kamitani Tsukasa , Watanabe Atsuya , Okamoto Hiroshi , Saho Kenshi , Yamada Minoru 
Published: June 2024

This randomized pilot trial investigated the feasibility of an active learning physical activity intervention through video conferencing and its preliminary effects. Participants comprised community-dwelling older adults who could use e-mail. The intervention group underwent a 12-week active learning intervention via video conferencing to promote a healthy lifestyle, particularly physical activity. The control group received information via e-mail once per week. The amount of physical activity and sedentary behavior was measured using an accelerometer at baseline, postintervention, and 24-week postintervention (36 weeks). Of the 31 participants, 29 were eligible and randomized into two groups (15 for the intervention and 14 for the control). Adherence to the intervention was 83%–100% (mean, 97%). Compared with the control group, the intervention group showed moderate maintenance effects on total physical activity and sedentary behavior at 36 weeks. Active learning physical activity intervention through video conferencing was found to be feasible and contributed to the prevention of physical activity decline in older adults.