bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome of Surgery for Primary Hyperaldosteronism
Authors: Waldmann Jens , Maurer Lisa , Holler Julia , Kann Peter H. , Ramaswamy Annette , Bartsch Detlef K. , Langer Peter 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackgroundPrimary hyperaldosteronism (PHA) frequently causes secondary hypertension and is a surgically amenable disease if associated with unilateral adenoma. Patients who underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy at the authors’ department were followed to identify clinical parameters that predict resolution of hypertension.MethodsAll patients with PHA and adrenalectomy from 1993 to 2009 were identified. Charts and follow‐up data were reviewed for clinical parameters and hormone levels. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed with SPSS 15.0.ResultsA cohort of 30 female and 24 male patients underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy. Hypokalemia was observed in 47/54 (87%) patients. Twenty patients (37%) were cured without any further need of antihypertensive medication, 20 (37%) patients experienced an improvement in hypertension, and 14 (26%) patients remain unaffected. Consequently, hypertension was resolved or improved in 40/54 (74%) patients. A shorter duration of hypertension (<6 years), the number of antihypertensive drugs (<3), and the serum creatinine level (<1.3 mmol/l) were independent predictors of resolution of hypertension in a multivariate analysis. At final follow‐up after a mean of 49 ± 40 months, resolution of hypertension was observed in 17/30 (57%) patients. Interestingly, in 10/17 patients a period longer than 12 months was required before a resolution of hypertension was observed. Coexistent hyperplasia, which was observed in 30% of patients, did not correlate with outcome.ConclusionsIn 50% of patients with PHA, hypertension resolves after laparoscopic adrenalectomy, but the process may require more than 12 months. Patients with a duration of hypertension of more than 6 years, more than 3 antihypertensive drugs, and elevated serum creatinine have a higher risk of persistent hypertension after surgery. Coexistent hyperplasia in the resected adrenal gland is not associated with persistent hypertension.
Laparoscopy‐assisted Proximal Gastrectomy with Sentinel Node Mapping for Early Gastric Cancer
Authors: Takeuchi Hiroya , Oyama Takashi , Kamiya Satoshi , Nakamura Rieko , Takahashi Tsunehiro , Wada Norihito , Saikawa Yoshiro , Kitagawa Yuko 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackgroundLaparoscopy‐assisted proximal gastrectomy (LAPG) remains a relatively uncommon procedure because of certain technical issues, such as curability, safety, and retention of postoperative patients’ quality of life. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility of a newly developed LAPG procedure for early‐stage proximal gastric cancer.MethodsWe enrolled 37 consecutive patients who were preoperatively diagnosed with cT1N0M0 primary gastric cancer in the upper third of the stomach with the primary tumor diameter less than 4 cm. Laparoscopy‐assisted proximal gastrectomy with sentinel node (SN) mapping and esophagogastric anastomosis with a circular stapler and transoral placement of the anvil was attempted.ResultsThe LAPG procedure was completed in 36 patients. It was converted to laparoscopy‐assisted total gastrectomy in one patient because one SN detected intraoperatively was positive for metastasis by intraoperative pathological diagnosis. There were no severe postoperative complications in any patient. Only one patient (3%) complained of mild reflux symptoms immediately after operation, which were graded endoscopically as B by the Los Angeles Classification of gastroesophageal reflux disease; however, the symptoms were controlled well by a proton‐pump inhibitor. Sentinel nodes were detected successfully in 37 (100%) of our patients. The mean number of dissected lymph nodes and identified SNs per case was 29.7 and 5.8, respectively. The sensitivity of prediction of nodal metastasis (including isolated tumor cells) and diagnostic accuracy based on SN status were 100% (3/3) and 100% (37/37), respectively. All patients have been free from recurrence for a median follow‐up period of 26 months.ConclusionsThis study reveals that our novel LAPG approach is curative and represents a feasible minimally invasive surgical procedure with minimal morbidity and postoperative reflux esophagitis in patients with upper‐third early‐stage gastric cancer.
Comparison between Laparoscopy and Noninvasive Tests for the Diagnosis of Tuberculous Peritonitis
Authors: Hong Kwang Dae , Lee Sun Il , Moon Hong Young 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackgroundDespite recent progress, the fast and accurate diagnosis of tuberculous peritonitis (TBP) continues to be a challenge, mainly because of the lack of specific clinical features and the difficulty in isolating the M. tuberculosis. The present study aimed to investigate the role of laparoscopy in the diagnosis of TBP, compared to noninvasive tests.MethodsWe retrospectively studied 60 patients who had diagnostic laparoscopy for suspected TBP between January 2002 and June 2010.ResultsForty‐one patients were diagnosed with TBP. In terms of accuracy and predictive value, the visual diagnosis via laparoscope was the most diagnostic test. In the noninvasive tests, both the ascitic adenosine deaminase (ADA) level over 30 U/l, and the ascitic lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level over 90 U/l had relatively high positive, as well as negative, predictive values. The overall morbidity and mortality rates for laparoscopy were 5 and 5%, respectively.ConclusionsLaparoscopy is a rapid and accurate diagnostic test for TBP. However, complications may occur. In older patients with associated conditions, a combination of various noninvasive tests and empirical treatments is needed prior to laparoscopy.
The Effect of Limonene on the Crystallization of Cocoa Butter
Authors: Ray Joydeep , MacNaughtan William , Chong Peng Siong , Vieira Josélio , Wolf Bettina 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe formulation of reduced fat chocolate has been of interest to the confectionery industry for a considerable time. It presents a challenge, as fat reduction strategies are often accompanied by poor quality of the formulated product due to an increased viscosity of the molten chocolate. This causes difficulties during processing and poor sensory properties of the final product. The addition of limonene to chocolates leads to fat reduced chocolates that are less hard and have a lower melt viscosity. This study was undertaken to shed light on the changes produced by the addition of limonene on the crystallization and microstructure of cocoa butter. Based on evidence obtained by X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry and polarized light microscopy, it is proposed that the presence of limonene enhances the production of lower polymorphic forms on cooling but accelerates the transformation to more stable polymorphic forms. This is demonstrated in the transformation of the α and β′IV forms in cocoa butter to form βV at early storage times (t = 0–1 week), and the transformation to form βVI at times >2–3 weeks at 20 °C. There is a complex but marked effect on crystal size, mainly at early storage times.
Deployment to Afghanistan: Perioperative Nursing Outside the Comfort Zone
Authors: Dierkes Darlene 
Published: August 2011

AbstractMultiple missions are assigned to the Bagram Airfield in Afghanistan, including providing combat medical and medical support services to US and coalition forces and providing resources to strengthen security and build a solid health care infrastructure. Craig Joint Theater Hospital located at Bagram Airfield is staffed primarily with Air Force personnel serving a six‐month tour of duty. The three‐suite OR is in operation 24 hours a day, seven days a week, as is the rest of the hospital. In 2009, health care providers at Craig Joint Theater Hospital treated the highest number of casualties in the history of the US involvement in the Afghanistan conflict. They assessed and categorized patients using the Injury Severity Score to evaluate the number and acuity of patients treated. During one nurse's deployment in 2009, practice challenges occurred daily and personnel quickly learned how to adapt using the resources available. In addition to regular perioperative duties, Bagram Airfield perioperative nurses mentored a number of Afghan physicians and nurses.
Communication in the Perioperative Setting
Authors: Cvetic Elizabeth 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPoor communication in the perioperative setting contributes to an unsafe OR culture and affects patient safety and employee engagement, decision making, productivity, morale, and retention. Communication breakdowns can lead to surgical delays, patient inconvenience, and serious errors. Simplification and standardization of communication processes and the use of effective communication skills (eg, clear verbal communication, awareness of the effects of nonverbal communication, use of listening and conflict management skills) are ways to improve OR interactions and minimize or prevent errors.
Ischemia caused by time to freezing induces systematic microRNA and mRNA responses in cancer tissue
Authors: Borgan Eldrid , Navon Roy , Vollan Hans Kristian Moen , Schlichting Ellen , Sauer Torill , Yakhini Zohar , Lingjærde Ole Christian , Sørlie Therese , Børresen-Dale Anne-Lise 
Published: August 2011

Time to freezing tumor tissue for RNA expression analysis will always vary to some extent. To evaluate the effect of ischemia time, tumor tissue from ten breast cancer patients was collected and aliquots of tissue were snap frozen at different time points after surgery (0, 0.5, 1, 3 and 6 h). Using miRNA and mRNA expression microarrays and statistical analysis, 56 miRNAs and 1788 mRNAs were found to be significantly altered with ischemia time up to six hours. Several of the 56 miRNAs have been reported to play a role in cancer, such as hsa‐miR‐663 and hsa‐miR‐125a‐3p. Known stress response genes such as GADD45B, JUND and FOSB were among the mRNAs most significantly affected by time to freezing. A novel statistical method for identification of consistently correlated miRNA–mRNA pairs and miRNA‐associated biological processes in time course data is presented. Application of this method revealed that several miRNAs, including hsa‐miR‐1228, hsa‐miR‐1225‐5p and hsa‐miR‐574‐5p, were associated through their correlation to mRNAs to biological processes such as “response to stimulus” and “stress response”. These miRNAs also showed enrichment of predicted targets among either their positively or negatively correlated mRNAs. The induced miRNAs may play both direct and indirect roles in biological responses. Caution should be taken when the miRNAs and mRNAs reported to be affected by ischemia time are included in a prognostic or predictive signature.
Failure Response of Two Serial Bolted Joints in Composite Laminates
Authors: Sen F. , Sayman O. 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTIn this study, the failure response of two serial bolted joints in composite laminates was investigated. The composite material was consisted of epoxy matrix and glass fibers. To find out the effects of joint geometry and stacking sequences on the failure response, parametric studies were performed experimentally. Three different geometrical parameters that were the edge distance-to-hole diameter ratio (E/D), plate width-to-hole diameter ratio (W/D) and the distance between two serial holes-to-hole diameter ratio (K/D) were investigated. Hence, E/D, W/D and K/D ratios were considered from 1 to 5, 2 to 5 and 3 to 5, respectively. In addition, the failure tests were carried out for a range of preload moments as 2, 3, 4, 5 Nm and without any preload moments as 0Nm. Tested composite laminates were oriented two different stacking sequences as [0°]8 and [0°/0°/90°/90°]s. Experimental results point out that failure response of two serial bolted composite joints are firmly effected from material parameters, geometrical parameters and the magnitudes of applied preload moments.
Comutational Study of Oxygen and Glucose Transport in Engineered Cartilage Constructs
Authors: Lin T.-H. , Lin C.-H. , Chung C. A. 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper characterizes the mass transfer and replenishment of glucose and oxygen in tissue engineered cartilage constructs by a numerical approach. Cell population growth modulated by glucose and oxygen is incorporated in the mathematic model. The distribution of synthesized type II collagen and its influence on mediating the chondrocyte growth over scaffold are also investigated. Results from simulation are compared with the experiments in literature to verify the formulation and predictions. It is found that, under static culture, the oftentimes observed phenomenon that the overall cell number densities in thick scaffolds are smaller than in thin scaffolds is mainly due to depletion of glucose rather than oxygen. Cell growth is found to be more sensitive to the change in glucose concentration for thick scaffolds, whereas to be more sensitive to the change in oxygen concentration for thin scaffolds. Results also demonstrate the modulation of chondrocyte growth by type II collagen, presenting the biphasic impact of type II collagen which promotes chondrocyte growth in the initial phase of cultivation, while inhibits cell growth in the long term. The numerical model provides a useful reference for developing cartilaginous constructs in tissue engineering.
A Circular Elastic Cylinder Under Extension
Authors: Tseng W.-D. , Tarn J.-Q. 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTAnalysis of deformation and stress field in a circular elastic cylinder under the extension is presented, with emphasis on the end effect. The problem is formulated on the basis of the state space formalism for axisymmetric deformation of transversely isotropic materials. A rigorous solution that satisfies the prescribed end conditions is determined by using symplectic eigenfunction expansion, thereby, the applicability of the Saint-Venant solution is examined. The results show that the end effect is significant but confined to a local region near the base of the cylinder where the end plane is perfectly bonded or subjected to a concentrated load. As the axial stiffness increases, the end effect on the stress state increases at the loaded end but decreases at the bonded end. The displacement and stress distributions across the section are uniform throughout the length of the cylinder except near the ends.
Body fat and fat-free mass measured by bioelectric impedance spectroscopy and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in obese and non-obese adults
Authors: Berstad Paula , Randby Anna , Seim Ekeland Gunn , Ulveland Hege , Omland Torbjørn , Almendingen Kari 
Published: August 2011

The aim of the present study was to compare body fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) estimates by bioelectric impedance spectroscopy (BIS), with respective estimates by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), in obese and non-obese subjects. Body composition was measured in ninety-three obese and non-obese men and women by BIS device, BodyScout (Fresenius Kabi, Bad Homburg, Germany) and DXA device, Lunar iDXA (GE Healthcare, Madison, WI, USA). Mean difference between the methods was analysed byttests, and Bland–Altman plots were generated to further examine the differences between the methods. Mean difference between the estimates by DXA and BIS (ΔDXA − BISand Bland–Altman 95 % limits of agreement) were as follows: FM 4·1 ( − 2·9, 11·2) kg and 4·5 ( − 2·9, 11·8) %, FFM − 4·1 ( − 11·2, 2·9) kg and − 4·5 ( − 11·9, 2·9) %, indicating large inter-individual variation and statistically significant underestimation of FM and overestimation of FFM by BIS, as compared to DXA. The underestimation of FMkg (FM measured in kg) and overestimation of FFMkg (FFM measured in kg) were more pronounced in men than in women, and the underestimation of FM% (FM measured in percent) and overestimation of FFM% (FFM measured in percent) were more pronounced in normal weight (BMI = 20·0–24·9 kg/m2) than in overweight and obese (BMI ≥ 25·0 kg/m2) subjects. BIS may be suitable for classification of a population into groups according to FM and FFM. However, the large inter-individual variation suggests that this BIS device with the proprietary software is insufficient for estimation of single individual body FM and FFM.
Evidence from the Kyrenia Range, Cyprus, of the northerly active margin of the Southern Neotethys during Late Cretaceous–Early Cenozoic time
Authors: ROBERTSON ALASTAIR H. F. , TASLI KEMAL , İNAN NURDAN 
Published: August 2011

AbstractSedimentary geology and planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy have shed light on the geological development of the northern, active continental margin of the Southern Neotethys in the Kyrenia Range. Following regional Triassic rifting, a carbonate platform developed during Jurassic–Cretaceous time, followed by its regional burial, deformation and greenschist-facies metamorphism. The platform was exhumed by Late Maastrichtian time and unconformably overlain by locally derived carbonate breccias, passing upwards into Upper Maastrichtian pelagic carbonates. In places, the pelagic carbonates are interbedded with sandstone turbidites derived from mixed continental, basic volcanic, neritic carbonate and pelagic lithologies. In addition, two contrasting volcanogenic sequences are exposed in the western-central Kyrenia Range, separated by a low-angle tectonic contact. The first is a thickening-upward sequence of Campanian–Lower Maastrichtian(?) pelagic carbonates, silicic tuffs, silicic lava debris flows and thick-bedded to massive rhyolitic lava flows. The second sequence comprises two intervals of basaltic extrusive rocks interbedded with pelagic carbonates. The basaltic rocks unconformably overlie the metamorphosed carbonate platform whereas no base to the silicic volcanic rocks is exposed. Additional basaltic lavas are exposed throughout the Kyrenia Range where they are dated as Late Maastrichtian and Late Paleocene–Middle Eocene in age. In our proposed tectonic model, related to northward subduction of the Southern Neotethys, the Kyrenia platform was thrust beneath a larger Tauride microcontinental unit to the north and then was rapidly exhumed prior to Late Maastrichtian time. Pelagic carbonates and sandstone turbidites of mixed, largely continental provenance then accumulated along a deeply submerged continental borderland during Late Maastrichtian time. The silicic and basaltic volcanogenic rocks erupted in adjacent areas and were later tectonically juxtaposed. The Campanian–Early Maastrichtian(?) silicic volcanism reflects continental margin-type arc magmatism. In contrast, the Upper Maastrichtian and Paleocene–Middle Eocene basaltic volcanic rocks erupted in an extensional (or transtensional) setting likely to relate to the anticlockwise rotation of the Troodos microplate.
Orphism or Popular Philosophy?
Authors: Nock Arthur Darby 
Published: August 2011

The exploration of the Greek settlements in South Russia has produced a fair number of epitaphs in verse, which for the most part repeat poetic commonplaces: but a find of 1931 from around Kertch, the ancient Panticapaeum, has distinct interest. It is a stele, broken off at the top and bottom: traces suggest that the top was decorated with a relief representing a man and his young attendant; his name and patronymic may have accompanied this relief. The epitaph, preserved entire, in lettering assigned by the editor to the end of the first century B.C. or the beginning of the first century A.D. and by Dr. Sterling Dow to ca. 40–ca. 100 A.D., runs as follows:οὐ λόγον ἀλλὰ βίον σοφίης ἐτυπώσαο δόξαν,αὐτοδαὴς ἱερῶν γινόμενος κριμάτων.εὕδων οὖν, ‘Εκαταῖε, μεσόχρονος ἴσθ’ ὅτι θᾶσσονκύκλον ἀνιηρῶν ἐξέφυγες καμάτων.
Rhetologia or Aretalogia?
Authors: Bonner Campbell 
Published: August 2011

Tatian, adv. Graecos 40 (p. 41, 1-10 Schwartz): The argument of this passage follows a line familiar to readers of the apologists: the Hebrew Lawgiver and the prophets belonged to an earlier age than the wise men of Greece, who borrowed Hebrew wisdom and perverted it in one way or another. Leaving one word purposely untranslated, we may render the last sentence, “For their sophists, tampering freely with what they had learned from Moses and those who shared his philosophy, tried to give it a false stamp, first, in order that they might be credited with saying something of their own, and secondly, that they might cloak what they did not understand with some fictitious ῥητολογία and unfairly represent the truth as a fable.”
The Passage of the Souls to Purgatory in the Divina Commedia
Authors: Silverstein Theodore 
Published: August 2011

As the second canto of the Purgatorio opens, Dante's attention is attracted by a light which, swiftly approaching, discloses the form of wings.‘Fa, fa che le ginnochia cali:ecco l' angel di Dio: piega le mani:omai vedrai di si fatti officiali.Vedi che sdegna li argomenti umani,sì che remo non vuol nè altro veloche l' ali sue tra liti sì lontani.Vedi come l' ha dritte verso il cielo,trattando l' aere con l' etterne penne,che non si mutan come mortal pelo.’
Sexual maturity of the swimming crab Callinectes danae (Crustacea: Portunidae) at the Santa Cruz Channel, a tropical coastal environment
Authors: Araújo Marina S.L.C. , Negromonte Aurinete O. , Barreto Aline V. , Castiglioni Daniela S. 
Published: August 2011

This paper aims to study the morphological and gonadal maturity of the swimming crab Callinectes danae in the Santa Cruz Channel, Brazil. Crabs of both sexes were measured at carapace width (CW), carapace length (CL), abdomen width (AW), length of the right chelipod (LRC), and dissected to visualize the gonads. The gonadal maturity was estimated based on the frequency of mature individuals per class of CW, and the determination of morphological maturity was based on the relationship between the structures LRC versus CW for males and AW versus CW for females. The sizes that 50% of females reached gonadal and morphological maturity were 62.5 and 59.5 mm CW respectively. In turn, the sizes that 50% of males reached gonadal and morphological maturity were 74.5 and 70.5 mm CW respectively. In the analysis of dispersion of points in relation to AW versus CW, it could be observed that juvenile females showed positive allometry and adult females showed negative allometry, indicating a higher growth rate during the juvenile phase, related to the need of expanding the abdomen for egg incubation at the adult phase. In the relation LRC versus CW, it was observed that both juvenile and adult males showed positive allometry, but changes in the degree of allometry were evident between the two phases. The exceeding growth of the chelipod of males may be related to the reproductive process, including courtship and agonistic interactions with other males.
SOME COVERS AND ENVELOPES IN THE CHAIN COMPLEX CATEGORY OF R-MODULES
Authors: WANG ZHANPING , LIU ZHONGKUI 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe study the existence of some covers and envelopes in the chain complex category of R-modules. Let (𝒜,ℬ) be a cotorsion pair in R-Mod and let ℰ𝒜 stand for the class of all exact complexes with each term in 𝒜. We prove that (ℰ𝒜,ℰ𝒜⊥) is a perfect cotorsion pair whenever 𝒜 is closed under pure submodules, cokernels of pure monomorphisms and direct limits and so every complex has an ℰ𝒜-cover. As an application we show that every complex of R-modules over a right coherent ring R has an exact Gorenstein flat cover. In addition, the existence of $\overline {\mathcal {A}}$-covers and $\overline {\mathcal {B}}$-envelopes of special complexes is considered where $\overline {\mathcal {A}}$ and $\overline {\mathcal {B}}$ denote the classes of all complexes with each term in 𝒜 and ℬ, respectively.