bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research Note—Does Technological Progress Alter the Nature of Information Technology as a Production Input? New Evidence and New Results
Authors: Chwelos Paul , Ramirez Ronald , Kraemer Kenneth L. , Melville Nigel P. 
Published: September 2009

Prior research at the firm level finds information technology (IT) to be a net substitute for both labor and non-IT capital inputs. However, it is unclear whether these results hold, given recent IT innovations and continued price declines. In this study we extend prior research to examine whether these input relationships have evolved over time. First, we introduce new price indexes to account for varying technological progress across different types of IT hardware. Second, we use the rental price methodology to measure capital in terms of the flow of services provided. Finally, we use hedonic methods to extend our IT measures to 1998, enabling analysis spanning the emergence of the Internet. Analyzing approximately 9,800 observations from over 800 Fortune 1,000 firms for the years 1987–1998, we find firm demand for IT to be elastic for decentralized IT and inelastic for centralized IT. Moreover, Allen Elasticity of Substitution estimates confirm that through labor substitution, the increasing factor share of IT comes at the expense of labor. Last, we identify a complementary relationship between IT and ordinary capital, suggesting an evolution in this relationship as firms have shifted to more decentralized organizational forms. We discuss these results in terms of prior research, suggest areas of future research, and discuss managerial implications. *This paper is dedicated to the memory of Paul Chwelos, respected colleague and dear friend.
Cementless total hip replacement with subtrochanteric femoral shortening for severe developmental dysplasia of the hip
Authors: Nagoya S. , Kaya M. , Sasaki M. , Tateda K. , Kosukegawa I. , Yamashita T. 
Published: August 2009

Total hip replacement for high dislocation of the hip joint remains technically difficult in terms of preparation of the true acetabulum and restoration of leg length. We describe our experience of cementless total hip replacement combined with a subtrochanteric femoral shortening osteotomy in 20 hips with Crowe grade IV dislocation with a mean follow-up of 8.1 years (4 to 11.5). There was one man and 17 women with a mean age of 55 years (44 to 69) at the time of the operation. After placment of the acetabular component at the site of the natural acetabulum, a cementless porous-coated cylindrical femoral component was implanted following a subtrochanteric femoral shortening osteotomy. The mean Japanese Orthopedic Association hip score improved from a mean of 38 (22 to 62) to a mean of 83 points (55 to 98) at the final follow-up. The mean lengthening of the leg was 14.8 mm (−9 to 34) in patients with iliofemoral osteoarthritis and 35.3 mm (15 to 51) in patients with no arthritic changes. No nerve palsy was observed. Total hip replacement combined with subtrochanteric shortening femoral osteotomy in this situation is beneficial in avoiding nerve injury and still permits valuable improvement in inequality of leg length.
Acetabular revision with impacted morsellised cancellous bone grafting and a cemented acetabular component
Authors: Schreurs B. W. , Keurentjes J. C. , Gardeniers J. W. M. , Verdonschot N. , Slooff T. J. J. H. , Veth R. P. H. 
Published: August 2009

We present an update of the clinical and radiological results of 62 consecutive acetabular revisions using impacted morsellised cancellous bone grafts and a cemented acetabular component in 58 patients, at a mean follow-up of 22.2 years (20 to 25). The Kaplan-Meier survivorship for the acetabular component with revision for any reason as the endpoint was 75% at 20 years (95% confidence interval (CI) 62 to 88) when 16 hips were at risk. Excluding two revisions for septic loosening at three and six years, the survivorship at 20 years was 79% (95% CI 67 to 93). With further exclusions of one revision of a well-fixed acetabular component after 12 years during a femoral revision and two after 17 years for wear of the acetabular component, the survivorship for aseptic loosening was 87% at 20 years (95% CI 76 to 97). At the final review 14 of the 16 surviving hips had radiographs available. There was one additional case of radiological loosening and four acetabular reconstructions showed progressive radiolucent lines in one or two zones. Acetabular revision using impacted large morsellised bone chips (0.5 cm to 1 cm in diameter) and a cemented acetabular component remains a reliable technique for reconstruction, even when assessed at more than 20 years after surgery.
Total shoulder replacement in rheumatoid disease
Authors: Betts H. M. , Abu-Rajab R. , Nunn T. , Brooksbank A. J. 
Published: August 2009

We describe the longer term clinical and radiological findings in a prospectively followed series of 49 rheumatoid patients (58 shoulders) who had undergone Neer II total shoulder replacement. The early and intermediate results have been published previously. At a mean follow-up of 19.8 years (16.5 to 23.8) 14 shoulders survived. Proximal migration of the humeral component was associated with progressive loosening of the glenoid and humeral components, but was independent of the state of the rotator cuff at the time of operation. Despite these changes the range of movement was preserved. Most patients had little or no pain in the shoulder, could sleep undisturbed and could attend to personal hygiene and grooming.
Navigational predictors in determining the necessity for collateral ligament release in total knee replacement
Authors: Hakki S. , Coleman S. , Saleh K. , Bilotta V. J. , Hakki A. 
Published: August 2009

The requirement for release of collateral ligaments to achieve a stable, balanced total knee replacement has been reported to arise in about 50% to 100% of procedures. This wide range reflects a lack of standardised quantitative indicators to determine the necessity for a release. Using recent advances in computerised navigation, we describe two navigational predictors which provide quantitative measures that can be used to identify the need for release. The first was the ability to restore the mechanical axis before any bone resection was performed and the second was the discrepancy in the measured medial and lateral joint spaces after the tibial osteotomy, but before any femoral resection. These predictors showed a significant association with the need for collateral ligament release (p < 0.001). The first predictor using the knee stress test in extension showed a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 98% and the second, the difference between medial and lateral gaps in millimetres, a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 95%. The use of the two navigational predictors meant that only ten of the 93 patients required collateral ligament release to achieve a stable, neutral knee.
Early experience with reduction of displaced disruption of the pelvic ring using a pelvic reduction frame
Authors: Lefaivre K. A. , Starr A. J. , Barker B. P. , Overturf S. , Reinert C. M. 
Published: August 2009

We describe our early operative experience with a new pelvic reduction frame and the standard of reduction of fractures of the pelvic ring which we achieved in the first 35 consecutive patients, with 34 acute fractures and one nonunion. The pre-operative and immediate post-operative radiographs were measured, using two methods, to find the maximum radiological displacement of the fracture and the quality of the reduction according to the criteria of Tornetta and Matta. There were 19 vertical shear fractures and 16 compression injuries. The mean age of the patients was 33.5 years (10 to 59) and mean delay to surgery was 4.6 days (0 to 16) in the 34 acute injuries. The mean operative time in isolated procedures was 103.4 minutes (sd 6.5). All but one patient had iliosacral screws implanted, 18 had screws in the anterior column, six had plates at the symphysis pubis and 12 had anterior external fixators. The mean maximum horizontal or vertical displacement was improved from 30.8 mm (sd 2.7) to a mean of 7.1 mm (sd 0.7). The reduction was assessed as excellent in ten patients, good in 18, and fair in the remainder. There was no significant influence on the quality of the reduction caused by obesity (p = 0.34), the type of fracture (p = 0.41) or delay to surgery (p = 0.83). The frame was shown to be effective, allowing the surgeon to obtain a satisfactory reduction and fixation of acute displaced disruptions of the pelvic ring.
Lateral compression fractures of the superior pubic ramus with intra-articular extension
Authors: Laflamme G. Y. , Delisle J. , Rouleau D. , Uzel A.-P. , Leduc S. 
Published: August 2009

A total of 30 patients with lateral compression fractures of the pelvis with intra-articular extension into the anterior column were followed for a mean of 4.2 years (2 to 6), using the validated functional outcome tools of the musculoskeletal function assessment and the short-form health survey (SF-36). The functional outcome was compared with that of a series of patients who had sustained type-B1 and type-C pelvic fractures. The lateral-compression group included 20 men and ten women with a mean age of 42.7 years (13 to 84) at the time of injury. Functional deficits were noted for the mental component summary score (p = 0.008) and in the social function domain (p < 0.05) of the SF-36. There was no evidence of degenerative arthritis in the lateral-compression group. However, they had high functional morbidity including greater emotional and psychological distress.
Simultaneous osteonecrosis and osteomyelitis in a patient with cancer of the breast
Authors: Huang K.-Y. , Yang R.-S. , Hsieh C.-C. 
Published: August 2009

Breast cancer is generally managed surgically with adjuvant agents which include hormone therapy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and bisphosphonate therapy. However, some of these adjuvant therapies may cause adverse events, including wound infection, neutropenia, bone marrow suppression and fever. The simultaneous presentation of osteonecrosis and osteomyelitis has not previously been described in patients with breast cancer undergoing hormone therapy and chemotherapy. We report a patient with breast cancer who developed bone infarcts in both legs as well as osteomyelitis in the right distal tibia after treatment which included a modified radical mastectomy, hormone therapy and chemotherapy. Simultaneous osteonecrosis and osteomyelitis should be considered in patients with breast cancer who are receiving chemotherapy and hormone therapy who present with severe bone pain, especially if there have been infective episodes during treatment.
Bone sarcomas arising in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: Chowdhry M. , Hughes C. , Grimer R. J. , Sumathi V. , Wilson S. , Jeys L. 
Published: August 2009

We identified eight patients of 2900 with a primary malignant bone tumour who had coexisting neurofibromatosis type 1. This was a much higher incidence than would be expected by chance. The patients had a mean age of 22.4 years (9 to 54): five were male. Two patients subsequently developed a second bone sarcoma, one of which was radiation induced. Four of the primary tumours were osteosarcomas, four were spindle-cell sarcomas and one a Ewing’s sarcoma. All the patients were treated with chemotherapy and surgery: six of the eight appear to be cured. This study suggests a possible relationship between neurofibromatosis type 1 and the development of a bone sarcoma, the increased risk being estimated at eight times that of the normal population. We recommend that further research into this possible link should be considered.
Subperiosteal resection of aneurysmal bone cysts of the distal fibula
Authors: Abuhassan F. O. , Shannak A. O. 
Published: August 2009

We describe the treatment by subperiosteal resection of an aneurysmal bone cyst in the distal fibula in eight patients and highlight the role of the periosteum in the regeneration of bone defects. The mean age of the patients was 13.5 years (12 to 17). Seven had an open growth plate. The mean size of the resected specimen was 5.12 cm (3.5 to 8.0). None of the patients received instillation of bone marrow, autogenous bone graft, allograft or any synthetic bone substitutes. All had complete regeneration of the bone defect within three to nine months, with no joint instability or recurrence. The mean length of follow-up was 11.5 years (2 to 18). At the final follow-up there was no difference in the range of movement, alignment or stability of the ankle when compared with the opposite side. The periosteum played a major role in the complete filling of the bone defects and avoided the morbidity of other techniques.
The management of septic arthritis in children
Authors: Kang S.-N. , Sanghera T. , Mangwani J. , Paterson J. M. H. , Ramachandran M. 
Published: August 2009

We performed a systematic review of the optimal management of septic arthritis in children as recommended in the current English literature using MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library and reference lists of retrieved articles without date restrictions up to 31 January 2009. From 2236 citations, 227 relevant full-text articles were screened in detail; 154 papers fulfilled the inclusion criteria, from which conclusions were drawn on the management of infected joints in children.Our review showed that no single investigation, including joint aspiration, is sufficiently reliable to diagnose conclusively joint infection. The roles of aspiration, arthrotomy and arthroscopy in treatment are not clear cut, and the ideal duration of antibiotic therapy is not yet fully defined. These issues are discussed. Further large-scale, multi-centre studies are needed to delineate the optimal management of paediatric septic arthritis.
A qualitative study of the acceptability of an intensive format for the delivery of cognitive‐behavioural therapy for obsessive‐compulsive disorder
Authors: Bevan Anna , Oldfield Victoria B. , Salkovskis Paul M. 
Published: August 2009

Objectives. An intensive format may be both useful and effective for the delivery of cognitive‐behavioural therapy (CBT) for obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD). However, the acceptability of an intensive treatment format from the perspective of service users is unknown. This study examines service user perspectives on the acceptability of an intensive versus a standard weekly treatment format.Design. The study comprises a detailed comparative qualitative analysis of the perspectives of service users who have completed either intensive or weekly CBT for OCD.Methods. Six treatment completers in each format (matched for age, gender, and symptom changeover the course of treatment) were asked to reflect on helpful and problematic aspects of their treatment format, and to consider the differences between treatment formats. The interviews were transcribed and analysed in detail using thematic analysis.Results. Individual differences were apparent in preference for treatment format. Weekly treatment completers were concerned that intensive treatment could be overwhelming or too brief for real change to take place. However, intensive treatment completers valued the high pressure and pace and felt that it improved motivation, engagement, and eventual outcome.Conclusion. An intensive treatment format for the delivery of CBT for OCD can be highly motivating and acceptable to service users who have chosen to undertake it. Good quality follow‐up and crisis support may be particularly important following intensive treatment.
Overgeneral autobiographical memory in women: Association with childhood abuse and history of depression in a community sample
Authors: Aglan Azza , Williams J. Mark G. , Pickles Andrew , Hill Jonathan 
Published: August 2009

Objective. Numerous studies have reported elevated levels of overgeneral autobiographical memory among depressed patients and also among those previously exposed to a traumatic event. No previous study has examined their joint association with overgeneral memory in a community sample, nor examined whether the associations are with both juvenile‐ and adult‐onset depression.Methods. The current study examined the relative importance of exposure to childhood abuse and neglect in overgeneral memory of women with and without a history of major depressive disorder (MDD). Autobiographical memory test together with standardized interviews of childhood experiences and MDD were assessed in a risk‐stratified community sample of 103 women aged 25–37.Results. Overgenerality in memory was associated with recalled childhood sexual abuse (CSA) but not other adversities. A history of CSA was predictive of overgeneral memory bias even in the absence of MDD. Our analyses indicated no significant association between a history of MDD and overgeneral memory in women who reported no CSA. However, overgeneral memory was increased in women who reported CSA and MDD with a significant difference found in relation to positive cues, the highest scores being seen among those with adult rather than juvenile‐onset depression.Conclusions. The findings highlight the significance of CSA in predicting overgeneral memory, differential response in relation to positive and negative cue memories, and point to a specific role in the development of depression for overgeneral memory following CSA.
Dependency of illness evaluation on the social comparison context: Findings with implicit measures of affective evaluation of asthma
Authors: Petersen Sibylle , Ritz Thomas 
Published: August 2009

Objectives. The affective dimension of illness representation plays an important role in asthma self‐management. However, little is known about the stability of this affective representation across contexts. We explored the role of social comparison in this affective evaluation.Design and methods. Participants included 20 individuals reporting an asthma diagnosis and 33 healthy controls. To measure asthma attitudes, we used three different versions of the Implicit Association Test (IAT), a single target IAT (ST‐IAT) and two IATs with different social comparison standards for asthma evaluation (1) HIV and (2) diabetes. Reaction times to pair asthma with positive or negative word stimuli in the three IATs were compared in a repeated measure ANOVA. Furthermore, the relationship between affective evaluation, self‐reported asthma‐specific coping, and negative affect was explored.Results. Individuals reporting an asthma diagnosis showed a stronger negative evaluation of asthma than healthy individuals in the ST‐IAT. This negative evaluation was positively related to the self‐report of dysfunctional coping strategies. However, in the IAT introducing a downward social comparison with HIV, evaluation of asthma was less negative and no longer positively related to the report of dysfunctional coping.Conclusion. Downward social comparison can buffer against negative affective evaluation of asthma. The context dependency of illness‐related attitudes requires attention in future research and asthma management practice.
Cognitive vulnerability in the development of concomitant pain and sleep disturbances
Authors: MacDonald Shane , Linton Steven J. , Jansson‐Fröjmark Markus 
Published: August 2009

Objectives. The present study uses a cognitive behavioural framework to explore the idea that people with pain and sleep disturbances share a common cognitive vulnerability.Design. A longitudinal classification of people (N =592) in a community sample reporting on symptoms of pain and sleep at baseline, 3 and 12 months after the initial survey.Method. Cluster analysis was used to classify people reporting different degrees of symptoms, and their endorsement of cognitive behavioural processes, and consequences at each time point. Groups in similar clusters were linked at adjacent time points to document patterns of stability and change. The clusters are described at baseline on a range of indices not used to form them (problem duration, problem frequency, anxiety, and depression). Reliable change in reports of symptom‐related interference was cross tabulated with reliable change in cognitive behavioural processes and consequences.Results. Cluster analyses resulted in six homogenous and distinct profiles at each time point. Linking the clusters over time showed partial individual stability in cluster membership at adjacent time points. Reliable change in symptom‐related interference was associated with reliable change in endorsement of cognitive behavioural processes and consequences on the short term.Conclusion. The character and partial individual stability of symptom cluster membership suggests that problems with pain and sleep may share mutually maintaining cognitive behavioural processes and consequences. Future research should examine the utility of identifying mutually maintaining factors in the treatment of concomitant pain and sleep disturbances.
Say there was: The serious humor of Mark Halliday
Authors: Webb Charles Harper 
Published: August 2009

AbstractMore than 2000 years after Aristotle declared tragedy superior to comedy, humor in poetry still gets, if not exactly no respect, not very much. Mainstream verse has partially absorbed the influence of stand up poetry; but it does so apologetically: “So-and-So is funny sometimes, true. But he can really write.” Yet comedy may be better-suited than tragedy to capture the absurdities, enormities, and pathos of 21st century life. Humor also deals effectively with the philosophical and political concerns addressed by the often obscure and difficult avant-garde; and it does so without sacrificing readability. Mark Halliday's poems are a case in point, their humor and entertainment value inseparable from a seriousness which sheds considerable light on the problems of being human in the post-modern world.
Stevie Smith's serious comedy
Authors: Halliday Mark 
Published: August 2009

AbstractStevie Smith was a deeply original and serious poet who masqueraded as a poet of eccentric light verse, as if tempting her less perceptive readers to expose their own conventionality by dismissing her as an entertainer. Her poetic voice often imitates the voice of an impatient bright child, or the voice of an impetuous or irritable person amateurishly imitating classic poetry; but these imitations turn out to be strategies employed by Stevie Smith to achieve startling effects as what seems at first to be naïve then comes to seem strangely ironic and penetrating. As in all great comic writers, Smith's humor can be felt as an unsettling possibility always vibrating in her voice. Some of her most comic poems arise from her drastic skepticism about romantic love and marriage. She finds many ways to expose and satirize the arrogance of men, while also pointing out ways in which women cooperate with that arrogance. She implies that romantic passion is an illusion from which people need to escape so as to find another, less melodramatic center of value.
Truth be told: Humor in postconfessional poetry
Authors: Groom Kelle 
Published: August 2009

AbstractDenise Duhamel and Michael Burkard continue the work of postconfessional poets like Robert Lowell, Sylvia Plath, and Anne Sexton using humor to explore culturally taboo topics and expand the traditional range of poetic subjects. The works of Duhamel and Burkard often explore subjects that are secret, shameful or unspoken made approachable through tender and satirical humor to turn these issues into something beautiful. Duhamel uses humor to critique American culture and the domestic arena with the clarity of an outsider while Burkard uses humor to write about loss and recovery, discovering the fantastic in the familiar. Through humor in first-person confessional poems these poets create a more open environment where the poet and their audiences may confront the truth of themselves and the world in which they live.