bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study to Determine the Wettability and Castability of Different Elastomeric Impression Materials
Authors: Reddy N Simhachalam , Reddy G Vivekananda , Itttigi Jayaprkash 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT

Aim
The aim of this study was to determine the wettability of different hydrophilic and hydrophobic elastomeric impression materials and the gypsum castability.

Materials and methods
The wettability was evaluated by determining the contact angles of different elastomeric impression materials. The contact angle was determined by placing a drop of aqueous solution of calcium sulfate dihydrate on the flat surface of impression material and specimens were measured using a profile projector.
Gypsum castability was determined by counting the number of voids formed in the die stone cast made from the impressions of a aluminum die. The voids were counted using an diopter magnifying lens.

Results
Polyether, different viscosities of polyvinyl siloxane, and condensation silicone impression materials exhibited low contact angle values and least number of voids in the die stone cast when compared with polysulfide impression material.

Conclusion
There was significant correlation between the contact angle and voids formed in the die stone casts when fabricating die stone casts from various elastomeric impression material impressions.

Clinical significance
Accurate reproduction of prepared tooth or edentulous arch is of clinical importance in the fabrication of a fixed or removable prosthesis. Inaccuracies in the replication processes will ultimately have an adverse effect on the fit and adaptation of final restoration. The interaction is determined in part by hydrophilic and hydrophobic nature of the elastomeric impression material. Inadequate wetting of an impression results in voids in the stone casts.

How to cite this article
Reddy GV, Reddy NS, Itttigi J, Jagadeesh KN. A Comparative Study to Determine the Wettability and Castability of Different Elastomeric Impression Materials. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(3):356-363.
Effect of Chemical Disinfectant on the Transverse Strength of Heat-polymerized Acrylic Resins Subjected to Mechanical and Chemical Polishing: An in vitro Study
Authors: Kalahasti Deepthi , Sharan Smitha , Konde Harish 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT

Aims
To evaluate the effect of chemical disinfectant on the transverse strength of heat-polymerized acrylic resins subjected to mechanical and chemical polishing.

Materials and methods
A total of 256 rectangular specimens (65 × 10 × 3 mm) 128 per resin (Lucitone-199 and Acralyn-H) were fabricated. One side of each specimen was not polished and the other was either mechanically (n = 96) or chemically (n = 96) polished and immersed for 10, 30 and 60 minutes in 2% alkaline glutaraldehyde. Mechanically polished (n = 32) and chemically polished (n = 32) control specimens were immersed only in distilled water. The transverse strength (N/mm2) was tested for failure in a universal testing machine, at a crosshead speed of 5 mm/min. Data were statistically analyzed using 2-way ANOVA and Student t-test.

Results
chemical polishing resulted in significantly lower transverse strength values than mechanical polishing. Lucitone- 199 resin demonstrated the highest overall transverse strength for the materials tested. Heat-polymerized acrylic resins either mechanically or chemically polished, did not demonstrate significant changes in transverse strength during immersion in the disinfecting solution tested, regardless of time of immersion.

Conclusion
Lucitone-199 resin demonstrated the highest overall transverse strength for the materials tested and significantly stronger than Acralyn-H with either type of polishing following immersion in 2% alkaline glutaraldehyde.

Clinical significance
There is a concern that immersion in chemical solutions often used for cleansing and disinfection of prostheses may undermine the strength and structure of denture base resins. In this study it was observed that, the transverse strength of samples of Lucitone-199 was higher than that of the samples of Acralyn-H. The chances of fracture of the denture made of Lucitone-199 are less than that of dentures made of Acralyn-H. The chemically polished dentures may be more prone to fracture than mechanically polished dentures.

How to cite this article
Sharan S, Kavitha HR, Konde H, Kalahasti D. Effect of Chemical Disinfectant on the Transverse Strength of Heat-polymerized Acrylic Resins Subjected to Mechanical and Chemical Polishing: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(3):389-393.
Palatal Rugoscopy among Puducherry Population
Authors: Kumar Sathish , Balaji N , Shanthi V , Sumathi MK , Vendhan Priya 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT

Background
Human identification is one of the most challenging subjects that man has been confronted with. The fingerprints and DNA comparison are the most commonly used techniques in human identification. Palatoscopy is one of the recently developing methods to identify a victim-based on the palatal rugae pattern.

Aims and objectives
The aim of the study was to analyze the different rugae pattern in Puducherry population and to find whether palatoscopy is a useful tool in human identification and sex determination.

Materials and methods
The studies consist of 100 male and female patients between the age group of 20 to 35 years. The rugae pattern was divided assessed based on Kotze classification. Chi-square test and one-way analysis was used to study the statistical significance.

Results
Wavy pattern appeared to be the most predominant pattern followed by curved, straight, branched and circular pattern in both male and female patients. The shape and number of rugae pattern is similar in male and females.

Conclusion
The present study concludes that wavy pattern appear to be most common rugae pattern among Puducherry population. No significant difference in rugae pattern was noted among the male and female group. Rugae pattern is unique to each individual and can be an effective tool in human identification.

How to cite this article
Kumar S, Vezhavendhan N, Shanthi V, Balaji N, Sumathi MK, Vendhan P. Palatal Rugoscopy among Puducherry Population. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(3): 401-404.
Defining Accountability in A Network Society
Authors: Painter-Morland Mollie 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT:
This paper challenges some of the basic epistemological assumptions that underpin our current conceptions of accountability. Recent legislative developments like Sarbanes-Oxley attempt to enhance accountability in the business environment through the employment of checks and balances and the threat of individual liability. This kind of legalistic strategy still seems to assume the existence of an individual agent who employs moral principles to come to decisions in a deliberate, impartial manner. This paper will emphasize that moral decision-making often does not take place in this manner, but is rather a tacit process of sensing what the appropriate behavior would be. Accountability, both with respect to individuals and organizations, is less a matter of “accounting for” a set of concrete assets, than a question of being accountable to a set of internal and external stakeholders, or in terms of the tacit sense of moral propriety that develops among business associates and colleagues over time.
Le soutien des familles canadiennes à leurs membres vieillissants : changements de contexte
Authors: Rosenthal Carolyn J. 
Published: July 2012

Le contexte dans lequel les familles canadiennes assument la prise en charge de leurs membres vieillissants a évolué. Aujourd'hui, en conséquence des transformations familiales des vingt à trente dernières années, beaucoup de gens d'âge mûr ont encore au moins un de leurs parents; les personnes et les couples âgés préfèrent continuer de vivre dans leur logement; le divorce et la monoparentalité se répandent, les femmes sont nombreuses sur le marché du travail; aussi parle-t-on couramment, pour décrire la situation des adultes responsables à la fois de leurs enfants et de leurs parents âgés, du phénomène de la génération « sandwich ». L'auteur analyse l'impact de ces changements sur le soutien familial. Elle aborde ensuite l'évolution du cadre politique de la prise en charge, en particulier celle des programmes de soins de santé et de soins de longue durée. Les principaux éléments mis en évidence sont la mise en veilleuse des soins institutionnels et le virage communautaire, la volonté de plus en plus affirmée des gouvernements de confier, pour des raisons idéologiques, la charge des soins aux familles, et les réductions budgétaires qui permettent difficilement de maintenir l'offre de services à un niveau adéquat. Alors que les familles ont de moins en moins la capacité d'assurer des soins exigeants et souvent spécialisés, on compte de plus en plus sur elles pour faire fonctionner le sytème de soins communautaires qui est en train de se mettre en place.
Community Unionism in Africa: The Case of Mozambique
Authors: Dibben Pauline , Nadin Sara 
Published: July 2012

Analysis of findings suggests that community unionism is vibrant within Mozambique. Trade union engagement with the main community organization representing the informal economy appears to be a key element of its revitalization strategy; both parties are benefiting from the relationship, and it appears to be sustainable. However, certain questions arise regarding its longer-term viability. Firstly, ASSOTSI represents those working illegally, while the OTM focuses on workers in formal employment. Secondly, OTM has a close relationship with the government due to its socialist past, yet ASSOTSI has a more tentative relationship with the government. Thirdly, ASSOTSI represents only African workers. Furthermore, senior figures in the OTM now seem to be re-considering the value of sustaining an affiliate model that includes all of the informal economy (including both owners and workers), and instead are contemplating setting up a union to represent informal sector workers.This article draws on in-depth research to investigate how community unionism has been employed in Mozambique, an emerging economy in Africa. In doing so, it asks whether engagement with community organizations is characterized by a strategic or piecemeal approach, the degree to which there are mutual benefits for the trade union and the community organization, and whether the relationship is sustainable in the longer term.Against the background of liberalization, privatization and financial crisis, unions face a declining number of core members. In emerging economies such as Mozambique, the formal sector now constitutes around eight percent of the working population, while around seventy-five per cent of the workforce is in the informal sector, with the remainder being unemployed. In many countries, unions have sought to engage these workers through “community unionism.”
The Chinese Medical Doctor Association: A New Industrial Relations Actor in China’s Health Services?
Authors: Cao Xuebing 
Published: July 2012

This research marks a new attempt to examine the development of new industrial relations actors in contemporary China. It appears that the CMDA has the potential to convert members’ common pursuit into action, albeit with different strengths and patterns compared with its Western counterparts. However, the process of mobilizing doctors is likely to be challenged by China’s unitary industrial relations system. For Chinese doctors, the question is how to convert constant work-related discontent and conflict into an institutional response, and how much freedom the CMDA can be given. Follow-up observation is needed to assess the impact of the CMDA’s continuous expansion in the industrial relations system in China’s health services.Findings suggest that currently the CMDA is neither an independent union organization, nor a new industrial relations actor within Chinese health services due to its structural weakness and political limitations. Unlike its Western counterparts, the CMDA does not have high levels of social and economic power to control licenses and access to the medical profession. However, the prospect remains that the CMDA may be more active within the industrial relations system if doctors’ social capital and group identity can be further strengthened.This paper examines possibilities and difficulties for the Chinese Medical Doctor Association (CMDA) to become a new industrial relations actor in China’s health services. It attempts to provide evidence on whether the CMDA functions in similar ways as its Western counterparts in mobilizing members. Aiming at filling the research gap in Chinese professional organizations’ involvement in the industrial relations process, this paper discusses the CMDA’s potential and the challenges of becoming a union organization. Data were collected through 39 semi-structured interviews with supplementation of documentary evidence from the government, doctors’ professional societies, hospitals and trade unions.
L’effet de l’habilitation sur la performance adaptative des employés
Authors: Charbonnier-Voirin Audrey , Akremi Assâad El 
Published: July 2012

Les résultats d’une étude menée auprès de 390 employés, obtenus à l’aide de la méthode des équations structurelles, mettent en lumière une influence positive de l’habilitation du supérieur sur la performance adaptative des subordonnés. Les résultats montrent également que la perception d’un soutien de la direction favorise la réussite de l’habilitation du supérieur, en agissant comme une ressource émotionnelle valorisée par les employés dans leur stratégie d’adaptation.
Si les recherches antérieures ont généralement focalisé leur attention sur les antécédents individuels de la performance adaptative, l’étude de l’influence des pratiques managériales sur ce type de performance est en revanche délaissée. Dans cette perspective, l’objectif de cet article est d’explorer l’effet de l’habilitation du supérieur (managerial empowerment) sur la performance adaptative au travail, processus visant à accroître l’étendue du pouvoir des individus et leurs capacités à contrôler leur travail. Les cas d’échec des pratiques d’habilitation nous conduisent également à étudier les conditions sous lesquelles ces pratiques peuvent faciliter le développement de la performance adaptative.
Face à la complexification des situations de travail, la capacité des employés à apprendre de nouvelles compétences, à interagir avec divers acteurs et à s’adapter à de nouveaux contextes est devenue essentielle pour la compétitivité des entreprises. Ces comportements au travail, regroupés sous le nom de performance adaptative, sont désormais considérés comme un facteur crucial pour permettre aux organisations d’atteindre leurs objectifs dans un environnement marqué par le changement continu, la complexité et l’incertitude. Ce construit est encore peu étudié.
1945 : trois « intrigues » de Georges Sadoul
Authors: Albera François 
Published: July 2012

Le grand historien du cinéma Georges Sadoul a longtemps joui d’une réputation qui dispensait d’examiner son entreprise avec un oeil critique. Jacques Deslandes inaugura ce réexamen avec sévérité s’agissant du premier tome de l’Histoire générale du cinéma, puis la « nouvelle histoire du cinéma », issue du Congrès de Brighton de 1978, marqua son commencement par le rejet dans un même ensemble indifférencié des « historiens classiques » — dont Sadoul — que Comolli avait quelques années plus tôt entrepris d’aborder sous l’angle idéologique. La réflexion historiographique ne peut cependant se contenter de tels partages, qui ont fini par araser la singularité de démarches historiennes fort différentes que sont celles de Ramsaye, Pasinetti, Sadoul, Toeplitz, Mitry et bien d’autres. On s’efforcera ici de donner un aperçu de la complexité de l’entreprise sadoulienne par l’examen de trois « objets historiques » traités par l’historien dans l’immédiat après-guerre, trois objets dont la dominante appartient pour chacun à un champ distinct : historique (l’invention), langagier (l’école de Brighton), critique (le réalisme poétique). Cet article entend par là contribuer à définir le travail de Sadoul dans l’ordre de ce que Michel de Certeau a appelé l’« opération historiographique ».
L’histoire du cinéma n’existe pas
Authors: Aumont Jacques 
Published: July 2012

En énonçant que « l’histoire du cinéma n’existe pas », on n’entend ni dénier ni dénigrer l’important travail accompli depuis plusieurs décennies par des historiens. On peut toujours soupçonner l’histoire de n’être pas assez bien faite, mais dans le texte qui suit, c’est sur « cinéma » que portera le soupçon. Ce mot, en effet, désigne un objet hétérogène (et même, plusieurs objets) : de la pratique privée à la pratique spectaculaire, des industries (celle des appareils, celle des films, fort différentes) aux commerces. Dans tous les cas, les difficultés sont de deux ordres : d’une part, le cinéma a toujours été, même lâchement, rattaché à l’art ; or, l’histoire de l’art ne saurait offrir un modèle incontestable, loin de là, car elle est surtout remarquable par ses apories. D’autre part, et plus essentiellement, le cinéma consiste en images, dont la variété est infinie et qui se manifestent comme présence à un sujet humain : ni de cette variété, ni de ces phénomènes subjectifs, il n’est réellement possible de faire l’histoire. L’historien du cinéma doit donc déterminer la pertinence de son travail tout en ayant à l’esprit ces difficultés.
Consolider la dimension civile. Le maillon clé des opérations de paix
Authors: Morin David , Tremblay-Champagne Étienne 
Published: July 2012

Au cours des dernières décennies, la dimension civile est devenue un maillon essentiel des opérations de paix. En 2010, l’onu déployait 20 000 civils dans des missions de paix, tandis que l’ue et l’osce faisaient appel à 2 000 et 3 000 civils. Cette dimension se situe aussi au coeur de la Force africaine en attente de l’Union africaine. Cet article dresse un état des lieux préliminaire du renforcement des capacités civiles pour les opérations de paix ; un sujet assez peu étudié par la littérature, sinon à travers le prisme plus global de la consolidation de la paix. À cette fin, il revient sur le concept de « dimension civile » en considérant l’évolution du maintien de la paix, puis analyse son émergence lente et laborieuse. Enfin, il décrit certains des principaux défis opérationnels liés à son développement.
Survey of industrial optimized adaptive control
Authors: Martín‐Sánchez Juan M. , Lemos João M. , Rodellar José 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYThis survey paper aims, to present in a systematic way, the ‘state‐of‐the‐art’ of a class of so called optimized adaptive control methodologies, where adaptive systems theory is complemented by optimal control theory. It is based on literature published since 1958 and emphasizes results with proven industrial relevance. After recalling previous adaptive systems, results that had prepared the ground for the new ideas, the analysis departs from the work on adaptive predictive control in the mid 1970s, which provided the conceptual basis for the development of this kind of technique. Well‐known design methods, both from the stability and optimization perspectives, along with their results, are interpreted in an intuitive way in order to understand how control law and the adaptive mechanism complement each other to produce mature controllers that can reliably solve the industrial process dynamic stabilization problem. Surveys of industrial applications from both design perspectives are presented and industrial products based on optimized adaptive control are cited. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanical Properties of Monofilament Entangled Materials
Authors: Courtois Loïc , Maire Eric , Perez Michel , Rodney David , Bouaziz Olivier , Brechet Yves 
Published: July 2012

AbstractMonofilament entangled materials are a new type of materials with promising mechanical properties. They are made of a single wire randomly packed into a finite volume whose dimensions are much larger than the wire length, thus providing many self‐contacts. Their complex internal architecture is investigated using X‐ray tomography. The evolution of the number of contacts per unit volume, as well as of the density profiles, is monitored during a compression test in order to link the microstructural evolution of the sample to its mechanical behavior. This material exhibits very interesting properties in terms of vibration damping.
Tail State‐Assisted Charge Injection and Recombination at the Electron‐Collecting Interface of P3HT:PCBM Bulk‐Heterojunction Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Wang He , Shah Manas , Ganesan Venkat , Chabinyc Michael L. , Loo Yueh‐Lin 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe systematic insertion of thin films of P3HT and PCBM at the electron‐ and hole‐collecting interfaces, respectively, in bulk‐heterojunction polymer solar cells results in different extents of reduction in device characteristics, with the insertion of P3HT at the electron‐collecting interface being less disruptive to the output currents compared to the insertion of PCBM at the hole‐collecting interface. This asymmetry is attributed to differences in the tail state‐assisted charge injection and recombination at the active layer‐electrode interfaces. P3HT exhibits a higher density of tail states compared to PCBM; holes in these tail states can thus easily recombine with electrons at the electron‐collection interface during device operation. This process is subsequently compensated by the injection of holes from the cathode into these tail states, which collectively enables net current flow through the polymer solar cell. The study presented herein thus provides a plausible explanation for why preferential segregation of P3HT to the cathode interface is inconsequential to device characteristics in P3HT:PCBM bulk‐heterojunction solar cells.
Practical Large‐Scale Synthesis of the Hepatitis C Virus Protease Inhibitor BI 201335
Authors: Busacca Carl A. , Wei Xudong , Haddad Nizar , Kapadia Suresh , Lorenz Jon. C. , Saha Anjan K. , Varsolona Richard J. , Berkenbusch Thilo , Campbell Scot C. , Farina Vittorio , Feng XuWu , Gonnella Nina C. , Grinberg Nelu , Jones Paul‐James , Lee Heewon , Li Zhibin , Niemeier Oliver , Samstag Wendelin , Sarvestani Max , Schroeder Juergen , Smoliga John , Spinelli Earl M. , Vitous Jana , Senanayake Chris H. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA concise synthetic route for large‐scale manufacture of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) protease inhibitor BI 201335 has been developed. A convergent synthetic design was achieved by using three advanced intermediates: a densely functionalized thiazole‐quinoline, a hydroxyproline‐containing dipeptide acid, and an optically pure vinylcyclopropane. Only three subsequent synthetic steps were then required for the final assembly of this complex target. The first step is a critical CO bond formation to join the heterocycle and the peptidic portion of the molecule, which was done by using a newly‐designed heterocyclic sulfone. The second step uses an inexpensive peptide coupling of the aminocyclopropane and ester saponification, then recrystallization completes the route. This economical and practical process is suitable for large scale production of BI 201335, requires no protecting groups or chromatography, and every isolated intermediate is a crystalline solid.