bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel vasculo-angiogenic effect of cilostazol mediated by cross-talk between multiple signalling pathways including the ERK/p38 MAPK signalling transduction cascade
Authors: Chao Ting-Hsing , Tseng Shih-Ya , Li Yi-Heng , Liu Ping-Yen , Cho Chung-Lung , Shi Guey-Yueh , Wu Hua-Lin , Chen Jyh-Hong 
Published: February 2012

Cilostazol is an anti-platelet agent with vasodilatory activity that acts by increasing intracellular concentrations of cAMP. Recent reports have suggested that cilostazol may promote angiogenesis. In the present study, we have investigated the effect of cilostazol in promoting angiogenesis and vasculogenesis in a hindlimb ischaemia model and have also examined its potential mechanism of action in vitro and in vivo. We found that cilostazol treatment significantly increased colony formation by human early EPCs (endothelial progenitor cells) through a mechanism involving the activation of cAMP/PKA (protein kinase A), PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)/Akt/eNOS (endothelial NO synthase) and ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase)/p38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signalling pathways. Cilostazol also enhanced proliferation, chemotaxis, NO production and vascular tube formation in HUVECs (human umbilical vein endothelial cells) through activation of multiple signalling pathways downstream of PI3K/Akt/eNOS. Cilostazol up-regulated VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor)-A165 expression and secretion of VEGF-A in HUVECs through activation of the PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway. In a mouse hindlimb ischaemia model, recovery of blood flow ratio (ipsilateral/contralateral) 14 days after surgery was significantly improved in cilostazol-treated mice (10 mg/kg of body weight) compared with vehicle-treated controls (0.63±0.07 and 0.43±0.05 respectively, P&lt;0.05). Circulating CD34+ cells were also increased in cilostazol-treated mice (3614±670 compared with 2151±608 cells/ml, P&lt;0.05). Expression of VEGF and phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt/eNOS and ERK/p38 MAPK in ischaemic muscles were significantly enhanced by cilostazol. Our data suggest that cilostazol produces a vasculo-angiogenic effect by up-regulating a broad signalling network that includes the ERK/p38 MAPK, VEGF-A165, PI3K/Akt/eNOS and cAMP/PKA pathways.
Sherlock Holmes and the Strange Case of the Missing Attribution: A Historical Note on “The Grandfather Passage”
Authors: Reilly Jamie , Fisher Jamie L. 
Published: February 2012

Purpose

In 1963, Charles Van Riper published “My Grandfather,” a short reading passage that has evolved into a ubiquitous metric of reading ability and speech intelligibility. In this historical note, we describe several heretofore unacknowledged similarities between “The Grandfather Passage” (Darley, Aronson, & Brown, 1975) and a portion of
The Valley of Fear
(Conan Doyle, 1915/2006), the final novel of the Sherlock Holmes series. We also describe overlap between “My Grandfather” and “The Grandfather Passage.”

Method

We contrasted propositions within
The Valley of Fear
to “My Grandfather” and “The Grandfather Passage.” We also compared the respective text strings using the Turnitin antiplagiarism software application (iParadigms, 2011).

Results

“My Grandfather” and “The Grandfather Passage” are nearly identical passages with 88% string overlap. In addition, both passages show similarities with text from
The
Valley of Fear
.

Conclusions
Darley et al. (1975) did not acknowledge Van Riper (1963) as the original author of “The Grandfather Passage.” In addition to this citation oversight, neither Darley et al. nor Van Riper attributed Conan Doyle as original source material. We describe the colorful history of this passage that has seen a remarkable breadth of utility in speech and language sciences.
Measuring Outcomes Following the Camperdown Program for Stuttering: A Response to Dr. Ingham
Authors: Packman Ann 
Published: February 2012

Purpose

To respond to Dr. Ingham’s letter to the editor, “Comments on Recent Developments in Stuttering Treatment Maintenance Research Using the Camperdown Program,” which appears in this issue of the
Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research.

Method
When a treatment program has a performance-contingent maintenance schedule, as the Camperdown Program has, participants vary greatly in the time taken to complete this schedule—up to 2 years or more, in some cases. We reject Dr. Ingham’s position that outcomes be measured a year after individual participants conclude their maintenance for the very reasons he has argued many times in the literature.

Conclusion
We will continue to measure the outcomes of our clinical trials after a clinically meaningful period and at the same time for all participants.
Chitosan and O-carboxymethyl chitosan modified Fe3O4 for hyperthermic treatment
Authors: Mai Thi Thu Trang , Ha Phuong Thu , Pham Hong Nam , Le Thi Thu Huong , Pham Hoai Linh , Phan Thi Bich Hoa , Tran Dai Lam , Nguyen Xuan Phuc 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
In this study magnetic fluids were manufactured by the adsorption of chitosan (CS) and O-carboxymethyl chitosan (OCMCS) on Fe
3
O
4 nanoparticles to be used as hyperthermic thermoseeds. Fe
3
O
4 particles were characterized by physico-chemical methods such as: thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), x-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectrum, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The SEM images and XRD patterns showed that the synthesized Fe
3
O
4 nanoparticles were of single phase and spherical shape with 10–15 nm in diameter. The VSM measurements showed that Fe
3
O
4 particles were superparamagnetic with saturation magnetization of 70 emu
g
−1. The adsorbed layers of CS and OCMCS on the magnetite surface (Fe
3
O
4/CS) and (Fe
3
O
4/OCMCS) were confirmed by FTIR, Raman spectra and SEM. In the ac magnetic field of 80 Oe and 236 kHz, the saturation heating temperatures of the sample Fe
3
O
4/CS and Fe
3
O
4/OCMCS were 100 and 98 °C, respectively. At the same concentration of Fe
3
O
4 nanoparticles in suspension, the two magnetic fluids exhibited quite high heating capacity, with different behaviors of concentration dependence. The Fe
3
O
4/CS and Fe
3
O
4/OCMCS nanoparticles would serve as good thermoseeds for localized hyperthermia treatment of cancers.
Fabrication of TbPO4·H2O nanorods/nanowires by the microwave technique and their characterization
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Huong , Nguyen Duc Van , Dinh Manh Tien , Hoang Thi Khuyen , Nguyen Thanh Binh , Le Quoc Minh 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
This report presents the results of the fabrication of luminescent terbium orthophosphate monohydrate (TbPO
4·H
2
O) nanomaterials prepared by the microwave synthesis method and their characterization. The effects of synthesis conditions such as microwave irradiated powers, pH values and reaction temperature on properties of nanomaterials are also investigated to obtain controllable size, morphology and strong luminescence. The structure, morphology and optical properties of the nanomaterials have been characterized by x-ray diffraction, field-emission electron scanning microscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy, respectively. The results showed that TbPO
4·H
2
O nanowires/nanorods have been successfully synthesized by using microwave heating of an aqueous solution of terbium nitrate and NH
4
H
2
PO
4 with pH values ranging from 2 to 10. The length and width of these nanowires/nanorods are 150–350 nm and 5–10 nm, respectively.
Stability of toxigenicity in proteolytic Clostridium botulinum type B upon serial passage
Authors: Umeda Kaoru , Seto Yoshiyuki , Kohda Tomoko , Mukamoto Masafumi , Kozaki Shunji 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACT Proteolytic Clostridium botulinum type B strains were investigated for stability of toxigenicity and bont/b gene upon serial passage. Strains with bont/b gene located on their plasmids showed loss or decrease of toxigenicity during serial passage. Some strains lost the bont/b gene‐encoding plasmid. The stability of the plasmids varied between strains.
Type IV pilin is glycosylated in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci 6605 and is required for surface motility and virulence
Authors: NGUYEN LINH CHI , TAGUCHI FUMIKO , TRAN QUANG MINH , NAITO KANA , YAMAMOTO MASANOBU , OHNISHI‐KAMEYAMA MAYUMI , ONO HIROSHI , YOSHIDA MITSURU , CHIKU KAZUHIRO , ISHII TADASHI , INAGAKI YOSHISHIGE , TOYODA KAZUHIRO , SHIRAISHI TOMONORI , ICHINOSE YUKI 
Published: February 2012

SUMMARYType IV pilin (PilA) is a major constituent of pilus and is required for bacterial biofilm formation, surface motility and virulence. It is known that mature PilA is produced by cleavage of the short leader sequence of the pilin precursor, followed by methylation of N‐terminal phenylalanine. The molecular mass of the PilA mature protein from the tobacco bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci 6605 (Pta 6605) has been predicted to be 12 329 Da from its deduced amino acid sequence. Previously, we have detected PilA as an approximately 13‐kDa protein by immunoblot analysis with anti‐PilA‐specific antibody. In addition, we found the putative oligosaccharide‐transferase gene tfpO downstream of pilA. These findings suggest that PilA in Pta 6605 is glycosylated. The defective mutant of tfpO (ΔtfpO) shows reductions in pilin molecular mass, surface motility and virulence towards host tobacco plants. Thus, pilin glycan plays important roles in bacterial motility and virulence. The genetic region around pilA was compared among P. syringae pathovars. The tfpO gene exists in some strains of pathovars tabaci, syringae, lachrymans, mori, actinidiae, maculicola and P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi. However, some strains of pathovars tabaci, syringae, glycinea, tomato, aesculi and oryzae do not possess tfpO, and the existence of tfpO is independent of the classification of pathovars/strains in P. syringae. Interestingly, the PilA amino acid sequences in tfpO‐possessing strains show higher homology with each other than with tfpO‐nonpossessing strains. These results suggest that tfpO and pilA might co‐evolve in certain specific bacterial strains.
A randomised trial comparing the i‐gelTM with the LMA ClassicTM in children
Authors: Lee J.‐R. , Kim M.‐S. , Kim J.‐T. , Byon H.‐J. , Park Y.‐H. , Kim H.‐S. , Kim C.‐S. 
Published: February 2012

SummaryWe performed a prospective, randomised trial comparing the i‐gelTM with the LMA ClassicTM in children undergoing general anaesthesia. Ninety‐nine healthy patients were randomly assigned to either the i‐gel or the LMA Classic. The outcomes measured were airway leak pressure, ease of insertion, time taken for insertion, fibreoptic examination and complications. Median (IQR [range]) time to successful device placement was shorter with the i‐gel (17.0 (13.8−20.0 [10.0−20.0]) s) compared with the LMA Classic (21.0 (17.5−25.0 [15.0−70.0]) s, p = 0.002). There was no significant difference in oropharyngeal leak pressure between the two devices. A good fibreoptic view of the glottis was obtained in 74% of the i‐gel group and in 43% of the LMA Classic group (p < 0.001). There were no significant complications. In conclusion, the i‐gel provided a similar leak pressure, but a shorter insertion time and improved glottic view compared with the LMA Classic in children.
Measurement of forces applied during Macintosh direct laryngoscopy compared with GlideScope® videolaryngoscopy*
Authors: Russell T. , Khan S. , Elman J. , Katznelson R. , Cooper R. M. 
Published: February 2012

SummaryLaryngoscopy can induce stress responses that may be harmful in susceptible patients. We directly measured the force applied to the base of the tongue as a surrogate for the stress response. Force measurements were obtained using three FlexiForce Sensors® (Tekscan Inc, Boston, MA, USA) attached along the concave surface of each laryngoscope blade. Twenty‐four 24 adult patients of ASA physical status 1–2 were studied. After induction of anaesthesia and neuromuscular blockade, laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation was performed using either a Macintosh or a GlideScope®(Verathon, Bothell, WA, USA) laryngoscope. Complete data were available for 23 patients. Compared with the Macintosh, we observed lower median (IQR [range]) peak force (9 (5–13 [3–25]) N vs 20 (14–28 [4–41]) N; p = 0.0001), average force (5 (3–7 [2–19]) N vs 11 (6–16 [1–24]) N; p = 0.0003) and impulse force (98 (42–151 [26–444]) Ns vs 150 (93–207 [17–509]) Ns; p = 0.017) with the GlideScope. Our study shows that the peak lifting force on the base of the tongue during laryngoscopy is less with the GlideScope videolaryngoscope compared with the Macintosh laryngoscope.
Vaccine allergy evaluation and management at the specialized Green Channel Consultation Clinic
Authors: Micheletti F. , Peroni D. , Piacentini G. , Schweiger V. , Mirandola R. , Chiesa E. , Zanoni G. 
Published: February 2012

SummaryBackgroundSuspected vaccine allergy may be a cause of incomplete or delayed vaccination. Patients at risk of adverse reactions or suspected contraindications need specialized consultation about subsequent vaccinations.ObjectiveTo analyse consultancy results for patients at risk of allergic reactions to vaccines as evaluated by the Green Channel University Hospital Immunization Consultancy Clinic.MethodsA review of cases of allergic reactions to vaccines or contraindications due to underlying diseases or sensitization to vaccine components submitted to the Green Channel was carried out. Analysed data included detailed clinical reaction history, skin and in vitro allergy testing with vaccine components, recommendations for vaccination and outcome of subsequent vaccine administrations.ResultsA total of 519 cases, 370 referred for previous local or systemic reactions to vaccines, mostly cutaneous, and 149 sent for suspected contraindications were evaluated. Skin testing was performed on 152 patients, specific IgE determination in 37 subjects and patch testing in 173 cases. After consultation, 442 (85%) subjects were advised to continue vaccination, with personalized precautions (premedication, or alternative brand, or administration in graded doses) for 200 of them. Among the 352 (80%) patients vaccinated as per Green Channel instructions, 33 subjects (9.3%) reported mild allergic or non‐specific symptoms and one (0.3%) urticaria with bronchospasm.Conclusion and Clinical RelevanceEven though vaccine allergy occurs very rarely, a safe procedure for immunization can be applied, through specialized allergy consultancy, for most subjects with suspected allergy to vaccines, and who could be potentially excluded from vaccination for risk of adverse reactions.
Gravity inversion of 2D bedrock topography for heterogeneous sedimentary basins based on line integral and maximum difference reduction methods
Authors: Zhou Xiaobing 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTBased on the line integral (LI) and maximum difference reduction (MDR) methods, an automated iterative forward modelling scheme (LI‐MDR algorithm) is developed for the inversion of 2D bedrock topography from a gravity anomaly profile for heterogeneous sedimentary basins. The unknown basin topography can be smooth as for intracratonic basins or discontinuous as for rift and strike‐slip basins. In case studies using synthetic data, the new algorithm can invert the sedimentary basins bedrock depth within a mean accuracy better than 5% when the gravity anomaly data have an accuracy of better than 0.5 mGal. The main characteristics of the inversion algorithm include: (1) the density contrast of sedimentary basins can be constant or vary horizontally and/or vertically in a very broad but a priori known manner; (2) three inputs are required: the measured gravity anomaly, accuracy level and the density contrast function, (3) the simplification that each gravity station has only one bedrock depth leads to an approach to perform rapid inversions using the forward modelling calculated by LI. The inversion process stops when the residual anomalies (the observed minus the calculated) falls within an ‘error envelope’ whose amplitude is the input accuracy level. The inversion algorithm offers in many cases the possibility of performing an agile 2D gravity inversion on basins with heterogeneous sediments. Both smooth and discontinuous bedrock topography with steep spatial gradients can be well recovered. Limitations include: (1) for each station position, there is only one corresponding point vertically down at the basement; and (2) the largest error in inverting bedrock topography occurs at the deepest points.
Influence of landscape change on nearshore fisheries in southern Chile
Authors: Holt Tracy Van , Moreno Carlos A. , Binford Michael W. , Portier Kenneth M. , Mulsow Sandor , Frazer Thomas K. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAt least half of the world's population resides in the coastal zone and the livelihoods of billions of people are affected either directly or indirectly by the production and sustainability of nearshore fisheries. Landscape change, specifically development of tree plantations, is accelerating worldwide as developing countries integrate into global markets to sell goods, offer climate‐mitigation services (carbon), and/or provide renewable energy. These changes can release excess nutrients into adjacent coastal waters causing eutrophication that alters the structure and function of coastal ecosystems. This study examined the relationship between coastal drainage basin land use/land cover change (LCLUC), specifically development of tree plantations, patterns of chlorophyll‐a in nearshore coastal waters, and the biological condition of commercially important shellfish, Concholepas concholepas (loco) in southern Chile. Locos (N = 1374) were sampled across 13 watersheds (35 853 km2) and 42 fisheries management areas (spanning 250 km of coastline). Locos harvested from management areas influenced by tree plantations had approximately 30% more endobiont (shell‐boring) phoronids, almost twice as many endobiont polychaetes and twice as many epibiont (shell‐attaching) barnacles than locos from areas in close proximity to watersheds dominated by native forests (15–20% of the watershed). Phoronid infested locos from coastal waters adjacent to watersheds with tree plantations were of relatively poor biological condition (smaller and narrower in width) and of reduced market value. Our study suggests that tree plantations result in indirect ecological impacts to coastal fisheries (more nutrients and higher phytoplankton biomass, resulting in smaller, low quality locos), and costs are born by coastal fishers (lower prices for locos). Increases in tree plantations could thus potentially significantly impact coastal fisheries worldwide and such problems should be managed as an interconnected network of land use change, oceanic ecosystems, and economic systems that are considered an integrated socio‐ecological system.
IgG keeps virulent Salmonella from evading dendritic cell uptake
Authors: Riquelme Sebastián A. , Bueno Susan M. , Kalergis Alexis M. 
Published: February 2012

SummaryDendritic cells (DCs) are phagocytic professional antigen‐presenting cells that can prime naive T cells and initiate anti‐bacterial immunity. However, several pathogenic bacteria have developed virulence mechanisms to impair DC function. For instance, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium can prevent DCs from activating antigen‐specific T cells. In addition, it has been described that the Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 1 (SPI‐1), which promotes phagocytosis of bacteria in non‐phagocytic cells, can suppress this process in DCs in a phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K) ‐dependent manner. Both mechanisms allow Salmonella to evade host adaptive immunity. Recent studies have shown that IgG‐opsonization of Salmonella can restore the capacity of DCs to present antigenic peptide–MHC complexes and prime T cells. Interestingly, T‐cell activation requires Fcγ receptor III (FcγRIII) expression over the DC surface, suggesting that this receptor could counteract both antigen presentation and phagocytosis evasion by bacteria. We show that, despite IgG‐coated Salmonella retaining its capacity to secrete anti‐capture proteins, DCs are efficiently capable of engulfing a large number of IgG‐coated bacteria. These results suggest that DCs employ another mechanism to engulf IgG‐coated Salmonella, different from that used for free bacteria. In this context, we noted that DCs do not employ PI3K, actin cytoskeleton or dynamin to capture IgG‐coated bacteria. Likewise, we observed that the capture is an FcγR‐independent mechanism. Interestingly, these internalized bacteria were rapidly targeted for degradation within lysosomal compartments. Hence, our results suggest a novel mechanism in DCs that does not employ PI3K/actin cytoskeleton/dynamin/FcγRs to engulf IgG‐coated Salmonella, is not affected by anti‐capture SPI‐1‐derived effectors and enhances DC immunogenicity, bacterial degradation and antigen presentation.
Innovations and action research to develop research skills for nursing and midwifery practice: the Innovations in Nursing and Midwifery Practice Project study
Authors: Crozier Kenda , Moore Jenny , Kite Katharine 
Published: February 2012

Aims and objectives.  To develop sustainable resources and activity in one hospital to encourage, support and build research activity and innovation among nurses and midwives.Background.  Much resource is spent internationally to enable nurses and midwives to critique and quote research papers. The evidence suggests that little resource is focussed on enabling staff to conduct structured interventions that implement research as a service improvement activity, or enable nurses and midwives to undertake research in their clinical areas.Design.  Two cycles of action research took place in the hospital led by a steering group of insiders and outsiders. Each cycle was evaluated through interviews with participants and analysis of steering group meeting records.Method.  Action research methodology was used to develop partnership working between the hospital and university. A steering group of participants in the project led the development and made decisions based on findings from the evaluation stages of each cycle.Results.  The data demonstrate that the process is one of the slow snowball effects that gathered momentum. Key skills such as leadership, resourcing and time management are required alongside research skills.Conclusions.  Nursing research capacity can be developed in institutions where there are individuals with an enthusiasm to drive the agenda. Structures and processes need to be clear and transparent as well as supportive at the individual level. Change of this nature takes time and sustained effort.Relevance to clinical practice.  This study demonstrates that a combination of strong leadership, partnership working and development of clear infrastructure enabled nurses and midwives who provide direct patient care to develop, implement and evaluate their own service improvement/research initiatives. Enabling nurses and midwives to use research methods in their practice increases the amount of nurse/midwife‐led evidence‐based innovation.