bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic Pain: Utility of an Eye-Tracker Integrated Stand-alone Performance Validity Test
Authors: Braw Yoram C. , Elbaum Tomer , Lupu Tamar , Ratmansky Motti 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNoncredible cognitive performance among chronic pain patients garners increased clinical attention. The Word Memory Test (WMT)—a well-established stand-alone validity indicator—was recently integrated with an eye tracker, and its utility was assessed using healthy simulators. The current study expands on this earlier work by assessing the utility of the eye-tracker integrated WMT to detect noncredible cognitive performance in the context of chronic pain. Chronic pain outpatients were randomly assigned to either a simulation (i.e., patients simulating cognitive impairment; n = 22) or honest control (i.e., patients performing to the best of their ability; n = 23) conditions. They then completed the WMT’s immediate recognition (IR) subtest while their eye movements were recorded. Simulators gazed less at relevant stimuli and gazed more at irrelevant stimuli than controls. Sensitivity levels tended to be low to moderate when maintaining specificities ≥ 90%, as customary in the field. While a previously developed scale that integrates eye movement measures using a logistic regression did not adequately differentiate the groups, conjunctive rules (i.e., the participant was required to fail both the WMT's classification scheme and the eye movement measure with the strongest discriminative capacity) were associated with higher specificities than those of the WMT’s conventional classification scheme. Overall, the eye-tracker integrated WMT shows initial clinical utility for detecting noncredible cognitive performance. Decreasing costs of eye trackers and enhanced usability will hopefully encourage further research of their utility for detecting noncredible cognitive performance and integration of this novel technology with other stand-alone validity indicators.
Effects of Modified Ramadan Fasting on Mental Well-Being and Biomarkers in Healthy Adult Muslims — A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Lauche Romy , Fathi Iman , Saddat Chalil , Klose Petra , Al-Abtah Jallal , Büssing Arndt , Rampp Thomas , Dobos Gustav , Cramer Holger 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Ramadan fasting has seen increased attention in research, often with inconsistent findings. This study aims to investigate whether dietary and lifestyle modifications during Ramadan can improve well-being and health in healthy adult Muslims.

Method
A randomised controlled trial with two parallel groups was conducted in an outpatient clinic of a university hospital in Essen, Germany, in 2016. Healthy adult Muslims (n = 114) aged 18–60 years were randomised to a modified fasting group; i.e., they received educational material prompting dietary and lifestyle modifications pre-Ramadan, and a control group who undertook Ramadan fasting as usual. Primary outcome was quality of life (WHO-5 Well-Being Index). Secondary outcomes included sleep quality, spirituality, and mindfulness (all self-report), body weight, body mass index, body fat, waist circumference, hip circumference, blood pressure, and heart rate, as well as blood serum biomarkers. Safety was examined via adverse events.

Results
The modified fasting group reported significantly higher quality of life (WHO-5) compared to the control after Ramadan (MD 5.9; 95% CI, 0.02–11.8; p < 0.05). Group differences in favour of the modified fasting were also found for satisfaction with health (MD 5.9, 95% CI 0.19–11.67), ease of life (MD 4.1, 95% CI 0.38–7.80) and mindfulness (MD 7.6, 95% CI 2.68–12.52), reductions in weight (MD, − 0.9 kg; 95% CI − 1.39 to − 0.42), BMI (MD − 0.3 kg/m2, 95% CI − 0.50 to − 0.15), hip circumference (MD − 0.3 kg/m2, 95% CI − 0.50 to − 0.15), and diastolic blood pressure (MD − 2.8 mmHg, 95% CI − 5.15 to − 0.43). About 60% of participants reported adverse events, mostly headaches/migraines, dizziness/fatigue, common cold, and gastrointestinal symptoms, with no group differences. One serious non-related adverse event each occurred in both groups.

Conclusion
Pre-Ramadan dietary and lifestyle advice can lead to short-term improvements in mental and physical well-being of adult Muslims observing Ramadan. As such, this study demonstrates the potential benefits of culturally appropriate health interventions in a religious context.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier NCT02775175).
Elevating labor concerns in small-scale fisheries: challenges to decent work in Peru’s jumbo flying squid fishery
Authors: Lozano Alejandro Garcia , Shibata Jesica Pino , Jeri Juan Carlos , Kittinger John N. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDespite growing attention on severe labor abuses in seafood production, questions remain about the broader range of challenges to decent work in the sector. Small-scale fisheries (SSFs) in particular have received relatively little attention from a labor-focused perspective. Motivated by this gap, this study elaborates a methodology to assess working conditions in SSFs across multiple dimensions of decent work, specifically through a case study of the artisanal jumbo squid fishery in Peru, a socially and economically important fishery in which working conditions are poorly understood. The findings highlight key decent work deficits in this fishery, including: inadequate coverage and lack of social protections; remuneration occasionally below the minimum wage; excessive working hours; increasingly longer trips in vessels that often lack adequate occupational safety and health features; informal employment relations and high turnover of crew, which are linked to safety issues (i.e., crew sometimes lack skills for this difficult work at sea); and fragmented fishing organizations with limited capacities for social dialogue. Many of the problems are rooted in or exacerbated by the broader governance context, especially widespread informality. The primary policy solutions being pursued are not labor-specific and are unlikely to address decent work deficits. Addressing these complex problems will require involving fishers—importantly, crew members—in efforts to drive improvements in the fishery and enhancing their capacities to lead in the development of solutions to the problems that affect them. More work is necessary to refine indicators and assess working conditions, but this work contributes towards advancing methodologies and highlighting the importance of studying labor in SSFs.
Faked speech detection with zero prior knowledge
Authors: Al Ajmi Sahar Abdullah , Hayat Khizar , Al Obaidi Alaa Mohammed , Kumar Naresh , Najim AL-Din Munaf Salim , Magnier Baptiste 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAudio is one of the most used ways of human communication, but at the same time it can be easily misused to trick people. With the revolution of AI, the related technologies are now accessible to almost everyone, thus making it simple for the criminals to commit crimes and forgeries. In this work, we introduce a neural network method to develop a classifier that will blindly classify an input audio as real or mimicked; the word ‘blindly’ refers to the ability to detect mimicked audio without references or real sources. We propose a deep neural network following a sequential model that comprises three hidden layers, with alternating dense and drop out layers. The proposed model was trained on a set of 26 important features extracted from a large dataset of audios to get a classifier that was tested on the same set of features from different audios. The data was extracted from two raw datasets, especially composed for this work; an all English dataset and a mixed dataset (Arabic plus English). For the purpose of comparison, the audios were also classified through human inspection with the subjects being the native speakers. The ensued results were interesting and exhibited formidable accuracy, as we were able to get at least $$94\%$$

94
%

correct classification of the test cases, as against the $$85\%$$

85
%

accuracy in the case of human observers.
Predictors of HIV Viral Load Suppression After Enhanced Adherence Counseling, Nekemte, Ethiopia
Authors: Mosisa Yohannis , Ewunetu Adisu , Duftu Kitesa Biresa , Biru Bayise , Diriba Debelo , Shama Adisu Tafari , Lemi Melese , Fetensa Getahun , Feyisa Bikila Regassa 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Enhanced adherence counseling refers to the counseling intervention for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) patients with an elevated viral load result, a viral load of > 1000 copies/ml, on a routine or need-based viral load test. The Federal Ministry of Health, Ethiopia, has launched routine viral load testing and enhanced adherence counseling since 2016 for high-viral load people living with HIV, which is applicable throughout the country for all health facilities providing HIV care and treatment. Our study aimed to assess viral load suppression after enhanced adherence counseling and its predictors among high viral load people living with HIV who were on antiretroviral therapy.

Method
We conducted a health facility-based retrospective follow-up study among 352 HIV-infected high-viral load people enrolled in enhanced adherence counseling from July 2018 to June 2021 in Nekemte town public health facilities. Cox proportional hazard analysis was used to identify independent predictors.

Results
The overall 65.1% of 352 persons on antiretroviral treatment achieved HIV viral load suppression after enhanced adherence counseling, (15.01 per 100 person months (95% CI13.02-16.99)). The median time to viral load suppression was 5 months. Age ≥ 15 years (AHR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.11–3.57), no history of opportunistic infection (AHR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.18–3.41), and not using substances (AHR = 2.48, 95% CI: 1.19–5.14) were more likely to have viral load suppressed, while having an initial viral load count greater than 50,000 RNA copies/ml (AHR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.37–0.85) were less likely to have viral load suppressed after enhanced adherence counseling.

Conclusion
Age, history of opportunistic infections, substance use, and an initial viral load count > 50,000 RNA copies/mL were significant predictors of viral load suppression. Enrolling all high-viral-load patients in enhanced adherence counseling is recommended for viral load suppression.
The Regulatory Environment for the Safety of the Internet of Medical Devices Users in the European Union and the United States
Authors: Biczysko-Pudełko Katarzyna 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) devices, as well as the Internet of Things phenomenon itself, are gaining a new group of customers every day, for whom it is almost a matter of course to use a wide range of devices, such as Internet-connected complex life support equipment or “smart” watches monitoring basic life parameters. With the growing popularity of such devices, however, questions about the safety of their users begin to arise, because almost in proportion to the number of benefits associated with the use of these products, the number of risks associated with them increases – eg improper functioning of Internet-connected life support equipment, in addition to threatening the life or health of its user, may affect the physical security of the product itself, the security of both personal and technical (eg non-personal) data processed by the specific product, or finally the cyber-security of the product. While the issues related to the protection of personal data and privacy, in general, have been discussed many times by the doctrine, the issues related to the protection of users of these devices under consumer law have not been considered much.In this context, the question arises whether the current legal regulations provide an adequate and sufficient level of protection for IoMT users. In particular, whether the average IoMT user can actually exercise their rights under the provisions of consumer law and whether the protection afforded to him – both in terms of the scope of their rights and the scope of obligations and liability of manufacturers and suppliers of these devices – is not only illusory? In order to answer the above questions, the author will evaluate the prevailing market practices – still focused around the doctrine of “caveat emptor” or “let the buyer beware” – and compare them with these regulations and juxtapose them with relevant legal regulations. However, given the lack of geographical borders in the field of cyber security and privacy, the author will not only analyse EU cyber security legislation, but also US legislation in a comparative legal analysis. The choice of jurisdictions to be compared is also related to the size and importance of both the US and the EU for the global IoMT market. It should be noted that the United States has a dominant position in the IoMT, while the European Union is estimated to have the second largest IoMT market globally. At the same time, however, there are differences in legal systems between the two economic areas. An analysis carried out in this way will make it possible not only to answer the question posed above, but also to possibly identify those areas of regulation that need to be changed or adapted to the realities of IoMT.
The use of personal therapy by psychiatrists and psychiatry trainees: a systematic review
Authors: Aubry R.E. , Morgan M. , Donohue G. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
It is widely acknowledged that personal therapy positively contributes to the continued personal well-being and ongoing professional development of mental health professionals, including psychiatrists. As a result, most training bodies continue to recommend personal therapy to their trainees. Given its reported value and benefits, one might hypothesize that a high proportion of psychiatrists avail of personal therapy. This systematic review seeks to investigate whether this is the case.

Aim:
To identify and evaluate the findings derived from all available survey-based studies reporting quantitative data regarding psychiatrists’ and psychiatry trainees’ engagement in personal therapy.

Method:
A systematic search for survey-based studies about the use of personal therapy by psychiatric practitioners was conducted in four databases and platforms (PubMed, Scopus, Embase and EbscoHost) from inception to May 2022 following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Studies were assessed for quality using the quality assessment checklist for survey studies in psychology (Q-SSP) and findings summarized using narrative synthesis.

Results:
The proportion of trainees who engaged in personal therapy ranged from a low of 13.4% in a recent UK based study to a high of 65.3% among Israeli residents. The proportion of fully qualified psychiatrists who engaged in personal therapy varied from 32.1% in South Korea to 89% in New Zealand.

Conclusion:
This review represents the first known attempt to collect and synthesize data aimed at providing insights into the past and current trends in psychiatrists’ use of personal therapy across different geographic regions and career stages.
DIAMOND ON LADDER SYSTEMS AND COUNTABLY METACOMPACT TOPOLOGICAL SPACES
Authors: CARVALHO RODRIGO , INAMDAR TANMAY , RINOT ASSAF 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The property of countable metacompactness of a topological space gets its importance from Dowker’s 1951 theorem that the product of a normal space X with the unit interval

$[0,1]$

is again normal iff X is countably metacompact. In a recent paper, Leiderman and Szeptycki studied

$\Delta $

-spaces, which is a superclass of the class of countably metacompact spaces. They proved that a single Cohen real introduces a ladder system

$ L$

over the first uncountable cardinal for which the corresponding space

$X_{ L}$

is not a

$\Delta $

-space, and asked whether there is a ZFC example of a ladder system

$ L$

over some cardinal

$\kappa $

for which

$X_{ L}$

is not countably metacompact, in particular, not a

$\Delta $

-space. We prove that an affirmative answer holds for the cardinal

$\kappa =\operatorname {\mathrm {cf}}(\beth _{\omega +1})$

. Assuming

$\beth _\omega =\aleph _\omega $

, we get an example at a much lower cardinal, namely

$\kappa =2^{2^{2^{\aleph _0}}}$

, and our ladder system L is moreover

$\omega $

-bounded.
Bad Subjects of Good Freedoms
Authors: Anjaria Ulka 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn Mukti Lakhi Mangharam’s book, Freedom Inc.: Gendered Capitalism in New Indian Literature and Culture, she identifies “Freedom Inc.” as a neoliberal celebration of individual empowerment that contrasts with the multiple ways people have imagined freedom in a longer history of Indian literature and philosophy, which are much more open to collective empowerment and political transformation. This critique is certainly valid, but where in it is there the space for “bad” subjects, erotic desires, or for men and women who disobey, who flaunt rules and whose visions of freedom exceed those framed by respectable behavior or collective uplift? This article gives a few examples of what those alternative freedoms would look like, suggesting that in addition to fundamental rights, Indians might need the freedom to be naughty as well.
Civic associations, populism, and (un-)civic behavior: evidence from Germany
Authors: Popescu Bogdan G. , Jugl Marlene 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCivic associations are expected to foster civic, pro-social behavior, but this optimistic view is increasingly contested. We argue that populist radical right parties can strategically target and infiltrate associations to diffuse anti-establishment rhetoric and anti-democratic attitudes. We illustrate this phenomenon by examining the relationship between civic associations and compliance with government rules during Germany's first Covid-19 lockdown with a difference-in-differences design. Results show that areas with denser sport, nature, and culture clubs recorded higher mobility under lockdown. We document the infiltration mechanism and the spreading of anti-democratic attitudes within associations, using survey and election data and qualitative evidence including interviews. In doing so, we shed light on a negative effect of social networks and an understudied strategy of challenger populist parties.
The effects of party labels on vote choice with realistic candidate differentiation
Authors: Titelman Noam , Lauderdale Benjamin E. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this paper we test how much party labels influence vote choices between candidates when voters have access to realistically distributed information about candidate positions and demographics. We do not seek to adjudicate a long-running debate about the role of party labels, but present some nuances on the two archetypal theoretical views on vote choices. We use data from the Representative Audit of Britain (RAB) and the British Elections Study (BES) to generate electoral match-ups between randomly selected Conservative versus Labour candidates, with only half of respondents seeing party labels in addition to candidates’ positions and demographics. For our experiment fielded in October 2021, we find negligible to moderate effects of party labels on vote choices. Our results suggest the information on candidate positions and party labels largely act as substitutes for one another, with only modest changes when party labels are made explicit.
HELOTS AT THERMOPYLAE: THE GREEK DEAD AT HERODOTUS 8.25
Authors: Clements Thomas 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article argues for a more diverse approach to the appearance of enslaved persons in Greek historiography through an analysis of the Persian navy's battlefield tour of Thermopylae in Book 8 of Herodotus’ Histories. Previous approaches to slavery in Greek historiography have rightly commented on the cultural awkwardness to Greek authors of slaves’ extensive involvement in ancient warfare. However, this is only one aspect of how slaves featured in historiographical narrative. Herodotus continually problematizes the methods of enquiry and many characters within his work engage in enquiry-like activities. Book 8 itself is no different, with much of the action involving errors in human perception. The appearance of helots amongst the heroic dead at Thermopylae is intended both as a narrative reveal, since their presence has not previously been known to the reader, and as a comment on the contestation of Greek identity, which is framed at the start of Book 8 with a series of direct addresses to different groups of Greeks, all of whom take a different approach to their participation in the Persian Wars. Hence what appears to be an incidental detail can in fact be understood in the wider, thematic context of the Histories and especially that of the books concerning the Persian Wars.
First record of sand crab, Jonas kalpakkamensis Barathkumar, Das & Satpathy, 2016 (Decapoda, Brachyura, Corystidae) from the Western Indian Ocean with a key to the genus Jonas
Authors: Sureandiran B. , Dave T. H. , Suyani N. K. , Karuppasamy K. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A total of five specimens of sand crab, Jonas kalpakkamensis Barathkumar, Das & Satpathy, 2016 were recorded for the first time from the Western Indian Ocean. The sand crab specimens were collected from the bycatch of the commercial demersal trawler targeting crustaceans at a depth of 15–50 m operated along the western region of the Gujarat coastal waters. The collected specimen consists of 3 males and 2 females and it was identified by comparing with holotype and paratype specimens. Previously, J. kalpakkamensis was reported from the Eastern Indian Ocean in the Bay of Bengal region but there is no report or distribution of this sand crab in the Western Indian Ocean. The detailed taxonomic diagnostic character of the sand crab, J. kalpakkamensis and the key for all species under the genus Jonas reported globally is provided in the current study.
Quantile-based information generating functions and their properties and uses
Authors: Kayal Suchandan , Balakrishnan N. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractInformation generating functions (IGFs) have been of great interest to researchers due to their ability to generate various information measures. The IGF of an absolutely continuous random variable (see Golomb, S. (1966). The information generating function of a probability distribution. IEEE Transactions in Information Theory, 12(1), 75–77) depends on its density function. But, there are several models with intractable cumulative distribution functions, but do have explicit quantile functions. For this reason, in this work, we propose quantile version of the IGF, and then explore some of its properties. Effect of increasing transformations on it is then studied. Bounds are also obtained. The proposed generating function is studied especially for escort and generalized escort distributions. Some connections between the quantile-based IGF (Q-IGF) order and well-known stochastic orders are established. Finally, the proposed Q-IGF is extended for residual and past lifetimes as well. Several examples are presented through out to illustrate the theoretical results established here. An inferential application of the proposed methodology is also discussed
Device closure of residual aortopulmonary window using Konar-MF occluder device: an attractive new option
Authors: Qureshi Ahmad Usaid , Kazmi Tehmina , Sadiq Masood 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe report a case of a residual aortopulmonary window where a new Konar-MF occluder device was used to close the defect. This device has a low profile and conforms to the anatomy of aortopulmonary window very nicely without unnecessary protrusion on either side. This report highlights the advantage of Konar-MF occluder device for closure of such defects.