bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fracture margin sequestration in mandibular fractures in three horses: Radiographic, computed tomographic and histological appearance
Authors: Aßmann A. D. , Donati B. , Geyer H. , Theiss F. , Bischofberger A. S. 
Published: February 2025

SummaryThree horses with mandibular fractures (two chronic and one acute) were referred for fixation. Clinical signs, radiographical findings, computed tomography (CT) appearance of fractures and complicating fracture margin sequestra were documented and histology performed. The chronic fractures were treated with an external skeletal fixator type I (Horse 1) and an internally applied locking compression plates (LCP) (Horse 3). Horse 2 (acute fracture) was treated with an LCP applied as external fixator type I. All horses developed fracture margin sequestration visible radiographically and on CT, representing three parallel zigzagging radiolucent/hypoattenuating lines, consistent of a central fracture line, paralleled by two elongated sequestra and additional parallel demineralised lines separating the sequestra from the parent bone. Horses 1 and 2 were euthanised. Histology showed sequestra of the fracture margins, osteoclasts and inflammatory cells. In Horse 3, the fracture healed and the implants were removed. Drainage persisted for 3 years post‐operatively due to the non‐accessible fracture margin sequestra. Possible aetiology of fracture margin sequestration included motion in the region of the fracture, infection and disruption of the mandibular blood supply.
Effect of Pore Size on the High Cycle Fatigue Property of Al‐Si‐Mg Alloy for High Speed Train Gearbox Housing
Authors: Li He‐Fei , Wang Xiao‐Peng , Yang Shao‐Pu , Liu Yong‐Qiang , Zhang Jian‐Chao , Cai Guo‐Jie 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTCasting defects are the important factors in casting aluminum alloy, which would significantly reduce the fatigue life of engineering components. In this study, the quantitative relationship between the pore size and high cycle fatigue property of Al‐Si‐Mg alloy for high‐speed train gearbox housing was systematically studied. The projected areas of pores within the fracture zone for all failed specimens were systematically measured. The equivalent diameter of most pore defects is less than 400 μm, and the median equivalent diameter of the pore defects is 280 μm. The effect of pore size on the fatigue life of Al‐Si‐Mg alloy is expressed by the improved Shiozama model, which can explain its fatigue life dispersion. Additionally, the critical defect size of Al‐Si‐Mg alloy calculated by the standard KT diagram is 276 μm. The results would provide a theoretical basis for the manufacturing process and evaluation standards of high‐speed train gearbox housing.
The Roles of Discrete Populations of Neurons Expressing Short Neuropeptide F in Sleep Induction in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Stonemetz Jamie M. , Chantzi Nikoleta , Perkins Emily L. , Peralta Aaliyah J. , Possidente Debra R. , Tagariello John P. , Bennett Marryn M. , Alnassar Hooralain , Dacks Andrew M. , Vecsey Christopher G. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTSleep is of vital importance in our lives, yet we are far from understanding the neuronal networks that control the amount and timing of sleep. There is substantial conservation of known sleep‐regulating transmitters, allowing for studies in simpler organisms to lead the way in gaining insight into the organization of sleep control circuits. In Drosophila melanogaster, we recently showed that optogenetic activation of neurons that produce the neuropeptide Y (NPY)‐related transmitter short neuropeptide F (sNPF) increases time spent asleep. However, sNPF is expressed in several neuronal populations, and thus it is unknown which of those populations play roles in the sleep‐promoting effect. In this study, we addressed this issue using a genetic approach to limit optogenetic activation to subsets of sNPF‐expressing neurons. We found that sleep promotion was shorter‐lived when cryptochrome (CRY)‐positive neurons were excluded from being activated. Pigment‐dispersing factor (PDF) neurons were not required for sleep promotion, nor were mushroom body (MB) neurons. Acute reactions to a short, 10‐s period of optogenetic activation were largely unchanged by excluding activation of the three neuronal populations mentioned above. Together, these results suggest that clock neurons that are CRY‐positive and PDF‐negative are important contributors to the long‐lasting sleep promotion produced by sNPF neuron activation. However, other neurons targeted by the sNPF‐GAL4 driver appear to mediate the more rapid behavioral responses. Future studies will seek to identify these additional sNPF neuron populations and to determine how sNPF‐expressing clock neurons act in concert with other neuronal circuits to promote sleep.
Comparisons Between Robbery and Break‐And‐Enter: Area‐Specific Trends, Socioeconomic Risk Factors, and Hotspots Analysis Using a Bayesian Spatial and Spatiotemporal Approach
Authors: Law Jane , Abdullah Abu Yousuf Md 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTRobbery and break‐and‐enter (BE) crimes require investigations into how these contrasting crimes co‐occur. Utilizing robbery and BE data from the City of Toronto in Canada, this study analyzed the mean and area‐specific crime trends, their risk factors, and the shared and crime‐specific risk and hotspot areas. Results suggest an increase in robbery (0.23, 95% credible interval (CI): 0.17–0.29) and BE (0.08, 95% CI: 0.04–0.12) crimes during 2021–2022, revealing the most prominent area‐specific trends in northwest and northeastern Toronto. The findings suggest that spatially lagged variables can offer deeper insights into complex spatial interactions of real‐life factors that influence crime. Robberies were positively associated with the household and dwellings indicator (2021 Ontario Marginalization Index) but not its spatial lag, while BE crimes had no direct association with it but showed a positive association with its spatial lag. Neighborhoods in northwestern, northeastern, and southcentral parts of Toronto were hotspots of robberies, while southcentral and northwestern parts were at elevated risk due to BE. The findings demonstrate the complexities associated with the co‐occurrence of multiple crime types and highlight the need for more unified and integrated theories to contextualize neighborhood effects of crime determinants and their impact on crimes.
Singing Community in Martin Luther's Kirchenlieder
Authors: Strouss Evan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn this essay, I claim that Martin Luther's Kirchenlieder can be read as Volkslieder, a reading which allows us to account for their function of consolidating identity through communal singing. Luther's songs, I argue, are activated in their being voiced—voice, here, understood in a non‐metaphorical mode, as the material utterance of a singing community. These texts have often been understood as efficient vehicles of doctrine, but their role in calling a Volk into being remains underexamined. I begin by outlining Luther's theory of music and the voice's important role therein before closely reading key hymns in order to attend to their communal function. The Volk they implicate is, in Luther's time, not yet embroiled in nationalist ideology. It can, I argue, nevertheless be productively examined on the horizon of later nationalist identity, which I demonstrate in dialogue with early twentieth‐century critics who take up these songs.
Irrigation Strategies for Tall Fescue Under Grazing in a Humid Subtropical Temperate Climate
Authors: Puppo L. , Hayashi R. , Boggiano P. , Ernst J. M. , Beretta A. , Morales P. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTDuring the last 10 years, there has been a rapid expansion of irrigation in pastures in Uruguay. It is necessary to define the irrigation management under grazing conditions to achieve the best balance between productivity and the sustainability of natural resources. A trial was established with the drought‐sensitive Festuca arundinacea Schreb. cultivar INIA Aurora under grazing. During two and a half years, the following treatments were evaluated: frequent irrigation (T1), which was applied whenever 30% of the available water was depleted; spaced irrigation (T2), which was applied whenever 65% of the available water was depleted and rainfed treatment, which only received rainwater. The experimental design was a randomised complete block with four replications. Grazing was carried out every time the tall fescue reached 2.5 leaves. There was a significant difference in annual dry matter yield between the irrigated and rainfed treatments, but the irrigated treatments did not differ from each other. The average dry matter yield of irrigated treatments was 41% and 56% higher than the rainfed treatment for the first and second year of pasture, respectively. The spaced irrigation management resulted in a 38% saving in pumped water compared to frequent irrigation. However, when considering water productivity as a selection criterion, frequent irrigation would be the recommended irrigation strategy. Irrigation increases soil compaction in a grazing system, and with frequent irrigation management, this effect persists even up to 10 cm of soil depth.
Regulation and Restructuring in the Craft Brewing Industry
Authors: Wood Gavin , Martin Declan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the relationship between regulatory settings and differences in the development of craft brewing industries across regions. We argue that changes in consumption‐focused regulations have impacted production in the craft brewing industry. Drawing on a comparative case study of two Australian states, we also demonstrate how growth and development vary across jurisdictions with different regulatory approaches to the distribution and sale of alcohol. Specifically, we find three dimensions of liquor licensing strongly influence industry outcomes: (1) the timing of regulatory interventions; (2) their flexibility regarding the sale, distribution and consumption of alcohol; and (3) their intersection with national competition policy. Early licensing reforms in Victoria during the 1980s catalysed new independent brewery formation by facilitating the emergence of new types of licenced premises to compete with hotels. This intervention lowered barriers to entry for craft brewers. In the 2010s, more flexible producers' licences were introduced that allowed on‐site sale and consumption of beer. Currently, intersecting liquor and competition policy settings are reshaping the craft brewing industry by enabling consolidation of liquor retailing. Our research offers an institutional interpretation of the rapid growth in craft brewing that broadens a literature primarily focussed on organisational and cultural factors.
The Multidimensional Approach to Innovation in the United States and Turkey
Authors: Köroğlu Bilge Armatlı , Reid Neil 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe main purpose of this study is to identify the dimensions of innovation in the U.S. and Turkey. Although there is an extensive literature on traditional determinants of innovation, they only explain a limited part of the innovation process and are insufficient to describe the complex nature of the innovation ecosystem. Moreover, in this ecosystem, seeing innovation as a part of creativity and learning processes requires a broader framework for understanding it. This study argues that a multidimensional approach, including the dimensions of creativity, is needed to understand innovation across regions. Thus, factor analysis is used to explore innovation dimensions. Seventeen variables including industrial specialization, population, human capital, entrepreneurship, income, social and cultural activities, enplanement, international migration, and crime rates are reduced to five factors in the cases of the U.S. and Turkey. As a result, the five factors reflecting the similarities between the U.S. and Turkey offer a new perspective, providing a multidimensional approach to regional innovation. In addition, the results of the study reveal that regions in each country innovate in different ways and each region requires a different mix of innovation dimensions and also policy measures.
Association between obstructive sleep apnea and migraine: A United States population‐based cohort study
Authors: Chen Thomas Yen‐Ting , Hsieh Tina Yi‐Jin , Wang Yu‐Hsun , Chang Renin , Hung Yao‐Min , Wei James Cheng‐Chung 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and the incidence of migraine using a large population‐based dataset, as well as to identify the at‐risk target groups.BackgroundEpidemiological and biochemical studies have provided evidence for the close connection between sleep disorders and migraine. Understanding the connections between OSA and migraine, as well as their shared risk factors, may provide new perspectives on the pathophysiology of both OSA and migraine and novel approaches to managing and treating these conditions.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study used data from the TriNetX network from 2010 to 2021. We compared 196,864 adult participants with OSA to a group of 196,864 participants who had never been diagnosed with OSA (1:1 propensity score‐matching for age, sex, race, comorbidities, and body mass index [BMI] categories) in relation to the risk of incident migraine. We performed subgroup analyses based on age (18–39, 40–59, ≥60 years), sex (female, male), race (White, Black or African American, Asian), BMI categories (<18.5, 18.5–24.9, 25–29.9, ≥30 kg/m2), and the presence of hypoxemia (yes, no). Sensitivity analyses were performed to validate our findings.ResultsDuring the follow‐up period, 12,613 (6.4%) and 6356 participants (3.2%) developed migraine in the OSA and non‐OSA cohorts, respectively. Patients with OSA were found to have a 1.85‐fold risk (hazard ratio [HR] 1.85; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.79–1.90) of incident migraine when compared to those without OSA, after accounting for age, sex, race, and baseline comorbidities. The results were consistent in sensitivity analyses (test‐negative design: HR 1.39, 95% CI 1.28–1.49) and also cross‐validated in a different dataset from TriNetX (Global Collaborative Research Network: HR 1.88, 95% CI 1.82–1.93). The results of subgroup analysis by sex, age, race, BMI categories, and the presence of hypoxemia were generally consistent.ConclusionWe found OSA to be associated with an elevated risk of developing migraine using a large United States nationwide database, and the association was generalizable across sex, age, race, and BMI categories. Our results suggest that awareness of migraine should be increased among patients with OSA. The findings also encourage further research to clarify the role of obesity and overweight in the relationship between OSA and migraine, as well as the potential benefits of body weight control for those with these two comorbid conditions.
Comparison of hepatitis B virus genotype B and C patients in Japan in terms of family history and maternal age at birth
Authors: Sato Kosuke , Inoue Jun , Akahane Takehiro , Kobayashi Tomoo , Ninomiya Masashi , Sano Akitoshi , Tsuruoka Mio , Onuki Masazumi , Sawahashi Satoko , Ouchi Keishi , Doi Kotaro , Watanabe Kengo , Niitsuma Hirofumi , Masamune Atsushi 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAimHepatitis B virus of genotypes B (HBV/B) and C (HBV/C) prevails in Japan and patients with HBV/B have been known to be older than those with HBV/C, but the reason has remained unknown. We aimed to clarify the reason by focusing on the family history of HBV infection.MethodsIn a total of 508 patients with chronic HBV infection, HBV genotype, patient age, and age of the mother at birth were compared.ResultsPatient age was significantly older in HBV/B than in HBV/C, and the patient percentage with a family history of HBV infection was lower in HBV/B. When comparing maternal age at birth between the two genotypes, there was no significant difference in the overall patient population, but the proportion of older birth group (≥26 years old) was significantly lower in HBV/B (38.7% vs. 59.3%, p = 0.048) in patients with a family history of HBV infection in both mothers and siblings whose HBV were considered to be transmitted vertically. There was a negative correlation between maternal age at birth and patient age in this group, reflecting the fact that the age of childbearing is increasing recently in Japan. Because patients with HBV/B experience hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion at an earlier age, it was considered that HBV/B has become harder to transmit vertically in recent decades.ConclusionThe recent decrease in vertical transmission of HBV/B associated with an older childbearing age in Japan might be one of the reasons for the finding that HBV/B patients were older than HBV/C patients.
‘They Take the Mum Off You When You Come In’: An Ethnographic Study of Parent Experiences of Medicines Safety Systems in English Hospitals
Authors: Sutherland Adam , Phipps Denham L. , Tomlin Stephen , Grant Suzanne , Hughes Joanne , Chambers Joanna , Kafka Susan , Ridgewell Heidi , Ashcroft Darren M. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionMedication safety in healthcare settings is a persistent problem, and children may be at greater risk of harm than adults. Most existing research examining medication safety for hospitalised children is from the perspective of healthcare professionals and organisations. This study aimed to ethnographically explore parent and staff perspectives on the role of parents in medication safety in the paediatric hospital setting.Methods230 h of ethnographic observation and 19 semi‐structured interviews with clinical staff and parents were conducted over paediatric wards in three acute hospitals in Northern England between October 2020 and May 2022. Data was organised and coded using NVivo and analysed thematically.ResultsThree main themes were identified: (1) Capacity and Capability: Parents were often assumed to be incompetent by organisational policies and managers but at the same time were co‐opted to undertake medication processes to meet operational needs. Parental experience was often ignored or judged negatively. When things went wrong parents were sometimes blamed. (2) Communication: parents were seldom meaningfully involved in decisions about their children's medication or provided with appropriate information unless requested. Parental medication histories were treated with suspicion and validated against inaccurate records. (3) Agency and Autonomy: parents often wanted to participate in their child's care but were expected to be passive observers.ConclusionsMedication safety for children is a social phenomenon involving healthcare professionals and parents. However, parents are often relegated to a passive role by healthcare staff. We posit that this represents an example of epistemic injustice in the way parents are assumed to be incompetent outsiders with no understanding of the medical care of their children, despite them offering resilience for medicines safety. We recommend further exploration of how parents contribute to resilience and safety for children in hospital and the barriers to this, and how health services can safely support increased engagement and involvement of parents in the care of their children while in hospital.Patient or Public ContributionParents contributed to the analysis and interpretation of the data collection and have contributed to the preparation of the manuscript.
Effect of H2O impurity in marine exhaust on the CO2 capture performance of novel composite CaO–Al2O3–Fe2O3 absorbents
Authors: Zhang Xin , Shen Qiuwan , Chen Gaokui , Zhu Kuanyu , Li Shian 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe CaO‐based absorbent recycling carbon capture technology is an effective way to reduce CO2 emissions from marine exhaust gas. Inert supports (MgO, Al2O3) and active additives (Fe2O3) were used to obtain economical and efficient CaO‐based absorbents. The experiment results show that CaO–Al2O3–Fe2O3 (CAF) absorbent has the best CO2 adsorption performance. Compare with the initial adsorption capacity of 0.64 g/g, the adsorption capacity after 20th cycle can still achieve 0.62 g/g. The characterizing results show that CAF absorbent has the largest pore size and specific surface area. The absorbents doped with active additives Fe2O3 can effectively improve the CO2 adsorption capacity and cycle stability. In addition, the influence of H2O impurity on the cycle performance of the developed CAF absorbent was studied deeply. Results show that the cyclic adsorption performance of CAF absorbent decreases with the increase of the H2O concentration. With the increase of the cycle numbers, the existence of H2O will reduce the anti‐sintering performance of absorbents, which will lead to the aggregation of absorbents particles, thus reducing their adsorption performance. Therefore, the CAF absorbent developed in this study has excellent adsorption capacity and cycle stability.
Language Teachers’ Development of Decision‐Making and Pedagogical Reasoning: A Sociocultural Perspective on Peer Coaching
Authors: Saeedian Sam , Ghaderi Ata , Nguyen Minh Hue 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTDecision‐making and pedagogical reasoning are two of the underlying skills in language teaching. Integrating sociocultural theory (SCT) into teachers’ classroom decisions can be one novel way to inform their decisions with pedagogical reasoning. This study adopted peer coaching as an SCT‐oriented inquiry‐based approach to professional development and drew on the concepts of the zone of proximal development and mediation. Two novice teachers of English participated in the study. The data were collected through documentation, classroom observation, teachers’ self‐reflection, and video‐stimulated recall within the context of online teaching during the Covid‐19 pandemic. Conversation analysis and qualitative content analysis of the data showed that the peers scaffolded each other's decisions, actively applying the key tenets of mediation using each other, the video recordings, and the metalanguage they had mastered as mediational resources to achieve their goals in language teacher learning. The findings offer practical implications for teacher educators to implement this mediational approach to professional development in their teacher education programs.
Behind closed doors: Sousveillance in mandated social welfare interventions
Authors: La Rose Tara , Mule Jennifer 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe Behind Closed Doors project is a qualitative research study considering sousveillance in mandated social welfare contexts. Sousveillance (the practice of recording people in authority without their consent) and sousveillance social media advocacy (posting sousveillance recordings publicly without consent) are significant phenomena effecting the delivery of contemporary mandated social services (e.g., child protective services; probation and parole; mandatory mental health intervention). Sousveillance video recordings shared online via social media (e.g., YouTube and TikTok) are analysed using multi‐modal discourse analysis; individual interviews with client content creators, frontline social workers, union representatives and professional regulators supported a deeper understanding of the effect of sousveillance on workers, clients and organisations. The significance of sousveillance as a resource for shifting power relations in practice is also considered.