bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ruthenium(II) complexes incorporating tridentate Schiff base ligands: synthesis, spectroscopic, redox, catalytic and biological properties
Authors: Sathya N. , Raja G. , Padma Priya N. , Jayabalakrishnan C. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA series of new diamagnetic ruthenium(II) complexes of the type [RuCl(CO)(B)(L)] (where B = PPh3, AsPh3 or Py; L = monobasic tridentate Schiff base ligands derived from o‐aminophenol or o‐aminothiophenol with ethylacetoacetate or ethylbenzoylacetate) have been synthesized and these complexes were characterized by physico‐chemical and spectroscopic methods. Cyclic voltammograms of all the complexes show quasi‐reversible oxidation in the range 0.24–1.05 V and the quasi‐reversible reduction in the range − 0.14 to − 0.51 V. The observed redox potentials show little variation with respect to the replacement of triphenyl phosphine/arsine by pyridine. The complexes were tested as catalysts in the oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols using molecular oxygen at room temperature and also in CC coupling reactions. Further, the antibacterial properties of the free ligands and their metal complexes were evaluated against certain bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Purification–chemical structure–electrical property relationship in gold nanoparticle liquids
Authors: MacCuspie Robert I. , Elsen Andrea M. , Diamanti Steve J. , Patton Steve T. , Altfeder Igor , Jacobs J. David , Voevodin Andrey A. , Vaia Richard A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractMacroscopic assemblies of nanoparticles with fluid like characteristics, i.e. nanoparticle liquids (NPLs), are a new class of materials that exhibit unique properties compared with dispersions of nanoparticles in a molecularly distinct matrix phase. By focusing on reaction ratios, techniques to maximize concentration of reactants and quantification of chemical content during washing steps, a high degree of control over the purity of NPLs was maintained while allowing for easy scalability in batch sizes and synthesis throughput. A range of tertiary amines and quaternary ammoniums were used to successfully synthesize Au NPLs from a range of Au nanoparticles with nominal diameters from 6 to 20 nm and initially stabilized with either citrate or dodecanethiol. Stable Au NPLs after purification exhibited a sub‐equivalence ratio of canopy to ligand molecules within the corona. This small canopy density most likely arose from the incommensurate areal density of anionic charge within the ligand shell relative to the larger size of the cationic canopy molecule, resulting in a population of cation–anion pairs too weakly bound to be retained in the initial assembly of the canopy post‐purification. Finally, increasing either the volume fraction or molecular weight of the canopy was found to increase exponentially the electrical resistance of the bulk NPLs. Removal of excess canopy molecules created a conductive Au NPL that improved hot‐current switching durability by at least two orders of magnitude beyond prior reports. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Antimycobacterial Activity of Azetidine‐, Quinazoline‐, and Triazolo‐thiadiazole‐containing Pyrazines
Authors: Bonde Chandrakant G. , Peepliwal Ashok , Gaikwad Naresh J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe re‐emergence of tuberculosis (TB) as a global health problem over the past few decades, accompanied by the rise of drug‐resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, emphasizes the need for the discovery of new therapeutic drugs against this disease. The emerging serious problem both in terms of TB control and clinical management prompted us to synthesize a novel series of N‐[2‐(substituted aryl)‐3‐chloro‐4‐oxoazetidin‐1‐yl]‐2‐(pyrazin‐2‐yloxy)acetamide, 6‐(substituted aryl)‐3‐[(pyrazin‐2‐yloxy)methyl][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4‐b][1,3,4]thiadiazole, and N‐[6‐({2‐[(pyrazin‐2‐yloxy)acetyl] hydrazino}sulfonyl)‐2‐methyl‐4‐oxo‐1,4‐dihydroquinazolin‐3(2H)yl]‐substituted aryl sulfonamides. The compounds were synthesized using the appropriate synthetic route. All synthesized compounds were assayed in vitro for antimycobacterial activity against the H37 Rv strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined for the test compounds as well as for the reference standards. The compound which exhibited good antimycobacterial activity contains the substituents fluorine and methoxy. These electron‐withdrawing or ‐donating substituents amend the lipophilicity of the test compounds which, in turn, alter the permeability across the bacterial cell membrane. Compounds 28, 37, and 43 showed good antimycobacterial activity while compound 51 showed a promising antimycobacterial activity.
A human dissection training program at Indiana University School of Medicine‐Northwest
Authors: Talarico Ernest F. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAs human cadavers are widely used in basic sciences, medical education, and other training and research venues, there is a real need for experts trained in anatomy and dissection. This article describes a program that gives individuals interested in clinical and basic sciences practical experience working with cadavers. Participants are selected through an open application process and attend sessions focused on anatomical terminology, gross anatomy and radiography, and some of the educational applications of human cadavers. Dissection skills are honed during an intensive, two‐day cadaver dissection and orthopedic workshop. Participants communicate the knowledge they gain through table‐side discussions, reflect upon the experience during a memorial service, and submit written program evaluations. Additionally, the dissection and preparation of cadaveric materials accomplished in this course are used in the medical school gross anatomy course during the next academic year. From 2004 through 2008, the annual number of applicants increased from 40 to 167, and the number of participants increased from 25 to 43 per year. Program participants have represented diverse ethnic, educational, and professional backgrounds. Feedback from participants has been remarkably positive, including comments on the large amount of learning that takes place during the sessions, the positive impact the program has had on career choice, and the desire for program expansion. This program, which could be replicated at other institutions, teaches anatomy, prepares cadaveric prosections for teaching and training others, and encourages participants to pursue careers in anatomical and biomedical sciences. Anat Sci Educ 3: 77–82, 2010. © 2010 American Association of Anatomists.
Historische Wissenschaftsforschung, heute. Überlegungen zu einer Geschichte der Wissensgesellschaft
Authors: Reinhardt Carsten 
Published: March 2010

AbstractHistorical Science Studies Today. Thoughts about a History of the Knowledge Society. The article explores theoretical and historiographical approaches in the field of historical science studies, while focusing on the history of the knowledge society. It argues that a straightforward transfer of the concept of knowledge society into the past has to be pursued with care, favorably with an extraction of some analytical key concepts. This extraction is termed ‘decontextualization’ while a second approach, ‘contextualization’, is applied to the study of the knowledge society in its own time, namely the second half of the twentieth century. The latter approach needs to be combined with a history of science studies, especially a history of the concepts explaining and constituting the knowledge society itself. Furthermore, it is proposed to study the operative concepts of innovation and regulation in order to analyze the coupling processes of science, economy, technology, and government.
Radioembolization with yttrium microspheres for neuroendocrine tumour liver metastases
Authors: Cao C Q , Yan T D , Bester L , Liauw W , Morris D L 
Published: March 2010

Abstract

Background
90Y microsphere radioembolization is performed by injecting the microspheres through a hepatic artery catheter placed percutaneously via the femoral or brachial artery. This study assessed the efficacy of 90Y microsphere therapy for patients with unresectable neuroendocrine tumour liver metastases (NETLMs). Potential prognostic factors were analysed for their impact on overall survival.

Methods
A prospectively collected database for patients with NETLMs treated by 90Y microspheres in two centres from 2003 to 2008 was examined retrospectively. Serial radiographic evidence was collected during follow-up to assess response.

Results
Fifty-eight patients were included, 51 of whom had evaluable disease at most recent follow-up. Six patients achieved a complete response, 14 a partial response, 14 had stable disease and 17 had disease progression. Overall survival rates at 1, 2 and 3 years were 86, 58 and 47 per cent respectively; median survival was 36 (range 1–61) months. Extent of tumour involvement, radiographic response to treatment, extrahepatic disease and tumour grade were significant prognostic factors for overall survival.

Conclusion
90Y microsphere radioembolization achieved a radiographic response in a significant proportion of patients with NETLMs.
Randomized controlled trial of preoperative oral carbohydrate treatment in major abdominal surgery
Authors: Mathur S , Plank L D , McCall J L , Shapkov P , McIlroy K , Gillanders L K , Merrie A E H , Torrie J J , Pugh F , Koea J B , Bissett I P , Parry B R 
Published: March 2010

Abstract

Background
Major surgery is associated with postoperative insulin resistance which is attenuated by preoperative carbohydrate (CHO) treatment. The effect of this treatment on clinical outcome after major abdominal surgery has not been assessed in a double-blind randomized trial.

Methods
Patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery or liver resection were randomized to oral CHO or placebo drinks to be taken on the evening before surgery and 2 h before induction of anaesthesia. Primary outcomes were postoperative length of hospital stay and fatigue measured by visual analogue scale.

Results
Sixty-nine and 73 patients were evaluated in the CHO and placebo groups respectively. The groups were well matched with respect to surgical procedure, epidural analgesia, laparoscopic procedures, fasting period before induction and duration of surgery. Postoperative changes in fatigue score from baseline did not differ between the groups. Median (range) hospital stay was 7 (2–35) days in the CHO group and 8 (2–92) days in the placebo group (P = 0·344). For patients not receiving epidural blockade or laparoscopic surgery (20 CHO, 19 placebo), values were 7 (3–11) and 9 (2–48) days respectively (P = 0·054).

Conclusion
Preoperative CHO treatment did not improve postoperative fatigue or length of hospital stay after major abdominal surgery. A benefit is not ruled out when epidural blockade or laparoscopic procedures are not used. Registration number: ACTRN012605000456651 (http://www.anzctr.org.au).
A multi‐grained distributed implementation of the parallel Block Conjugate Gradient algorithm
Authors: Murli A. , D'Amore L. , Laccetti G. , Gregoretti F. , Oliva G. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe Block Conjugate Gradient algorithm (Block‐CG) was developed to solve sparse linear systems of equations that have multiple right‐hand sides. We have adapted it for use in heterogeneous, geographically distributed, parallel architectures. Once the main operations of the Block‐CG (Tasks) have been collected into smaller groups (subjobs), each subjob is matched by the middleware MJMS (MPI Jobs Management System) with a suitable resource selected among those which are available. Moreover, within each subjob, concurrency is introduced at two different levels and with two different granularities: the coarse‐grained parallelism to perform independent tasks and the fine‐grained parallelism within the execution of a task. We refer to this algorithm as to multi‐grained distributed implementation of the parallel Block‐CG. We compare the performance of a parallel implementation with the one of the distributed implementation running on a variety of Grid computing environments. The middleware MJMS—developed by some of the authors and built on top of Globus Toolkit and Condor‐G—was used for co‐allocation, synchronization, scheduling and resource selection. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interpersonal predictors of outcome following short‐term group therapy for complicated grief: a replication
Authors: Joyce Anthony S. , Ogrodniczuk John S. , Piper William E. , Sheptycki Amanda R. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe current study represented a replication of previous research, addressing measures of interpersonal relatedness as predictors of outcome for dynamically oriented, short‐term group (STG) psychotherapy for patients presenting with complicated grief. In an analysis of data from a comparative trial of two forms (interpretive, supportive) of STG therapy (n = 107), Ogrodniczuk, Piper, McCallum, Joyce and Rosie reported that three distinct indices of interpersonal relatedness—quality of object relations, current social functioning and attachment insecurity—each had significant relationships with measures of treatment outcome, with attachment insecurity emerging as the strongest predictor. The current study (n = 110) was based on data from a subsequent trial of the two therapy approaches that examined the effect of group composition on outcome, by Piper, Ogrodniczuk, Joyce, Weideman and Rosie. Predictor variables and outcome factors involved in the current analyses were similar or identical to those employed by Ogrodniczuk et al., and an identical analytic strategy was followed. Only the patient's attachment insecurity emerged as a strong predictor of psychotherapy outcome, providing a replication of the key finding from the previous study. The clinical implications and limitations of the results are discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message:• Complicated grief (CG) is a distinct syndrome that is associated with definite distress and problems in functioning; there are empirically supported treatments available for CG.• Characteristics of the patient can influence the success of these treatments.• In particular, the patient's capacity for interpersonal relatedness will help determine the quality of engagement in the therapy process and treatment outcome.• Attachment insecurity is an important aspect of interpersonal relatedness and, based on replicated findings reported here, has a clear relationship with benefit from short‐term group therapy for CG.
Grafting CVD of Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) for Durable Scleral Lens Coatings
Authors: Sedransk Kyra L. , Tenhaeff Wyatt E. , Gleason Karen K. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractGrafting (g)CVD from the monomer 1‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (VP) and the Type II initiator benzophenone (BP) under 254 nm UV irradiation yields durable hydrophilic coatings on substrates of poly(methacrylic acid) (PMA) derivatives, desirable for scleral lens applications. The gCVD polymerization of the VP monomer is essentially complete, and little excess BP remains in the film. Process optimization, through single variable and two fractional factorial experiments, result in retention of >90% of the as‐deposited film thickness after rinsing. Increasing the initiator dosing time beyond 10 min, or the UV exposure time beyond 5 min, has little effect on the as‐deposited thickness, or percentage of film retained after rinsing. This suggests that UV irradiation rapidly transforms most of the BP absorbed on the surface to initiating radicals. Once sufficient initiator dosage and UV exposure have been achieved, the initial deposition thickness is controlled primarily by the total flux of monomer to the surface, which is consistent with previous studies. For all samples, thickness loss occurs primarily during the first 30 days of saline soak‐testing with no statistically significant loss (p > 0.25) during the next 90 days of soak testing. While the additional UV exposure time has a limited effect on initial film thickness, it does increase long term thickness retention, most likely by forming crosslinked and branched structures within the film. All samples tested retain sufficient gCVD coating thickness to impart improved hydrophilicity at the surface throughout the entire 120 day saline soak‐testing period. The fractional factorial experiments correlate improved hydrophilicity with an interaction between initiator dosage time and UV exposure time. Indeed, decreasing these two process variables in tandem provides the greatest reduction in contact angle. While the uncoated PMA displayed 92.3° ± 2.1° advancing and 86.7° ± 3.0° receding contact angles with water, the most hydrophilic gCVD coating lowers the advancing and receding contact angles to 39.5° ± 2.6° and 36.2° ± 1.6°, respectively.
Comparison of Coupling Methods for Linking Between Reactor and Feature Scales
Authors: Jilesen Jonathan , Lien Fue‐Sang 
Published: March 2010

AbstractCurrently there are two main methods used for coupling macroscopic reactor‐scale and microscopic feature‐scale models in multi‐scale CVD simulation. These methods differ in the plane selected for coupling. With one method, coupling occurs at a source plane offset from the deposition surface, while in the other method coupling occurs on the deposition surface itself. The two methods also have different feature‐scale modeling techniques associated with them. A Monte Carlo (MC) technique is used for the source plane‐coupling method, while a ballistic transport technique is used for the deposition surface‐coupling method. In this study a multi‐scale code with a ballistic feature‐scale model is modified so that both coupling methods can be applied, allowing for direct comparison of the two coupling methods.
The Growth of One‐Dimensional Single‐Crystalline AlN Nanostructures by HVPE and Their Field Emission Properties
Authors: Byeun Yun‐Ki , Telle Rainer , Jung Se‐Hyuk , Choi Sung‐Churl , Hwang Hak‐In 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSingle‐crystalline AlN nanostructures, such as thin films, nanoneedles, nanocolumns, and nanowires, depending on the controlled gas‐flow ratio, are synthesized by halide vapor‐phase epitaxy (HVPE). In comparison with a typical vapor/liquid/solid (VLS) mechanism for the growth of nanowires, well‐aligned AlN nanorod arrays with diameters below 20 nm are grown on a catalyst‐free Si substrate though a vapor/solid (VS) mechanism. Their structural and optical properties are measured by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and photoluminescence (PL). In particular, AlN nanorods exhibit an excellent field emission property with a low turn‐on field of 2.25 V µm−1. The field enhancement factor is estimated to be about 784 due to well‐aligned, needle‐shaped, AlN nanorods.
Sulfur‐ and Nitrogen‐Doped Titania Biomaterials via APCVD
Authors: Dunnill Charles W. , Aiken Zoie A. , Pratten Jonathan , Wilson Michael , Parkin Ivan P. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA comparison between two of the best performing photocatalysts in a series of nitrogen‐ and sulfur‐doped titania visible light photocatalysts prepared by atmospheric pressure (AP)CVD is made against a sample of pure undoped titania. This study compares the ability of the samples to photo‐oxidize stearic acid and kill Escherichia coli bacteria using white light sources commonly found in UK hospitals. It is shown that both nitrogen‐ and sulfur‐doped photocatalysts are bioactive with extraordinarily similar properties though the nitrogen‐doped samples are found to perform very slightly better than the sulfur‐doped samples. These materials are suggested for use as anti‐microbial surfaces in healthcare environments and as self‐cleaning glass.
H2InB5O10: A New Pentaborate Constructed from 2D Tetrahedrally Four‐Connected Borate Layers and InO6 Octahedra
Authors: Cong Rihong , Yang Tao , Li Hongmei , Liao Fuhui , Wang Yingxia , Lin Jianhua 
Published: March 2010

AbstractH2InB5O10, a new hydrated indium pentaborate, was prepared by the boric acid flux method and characterized by IR, solid‐state 11B MAS NMR and 1H CRAMPS NMR spectroscopy. Its structure was determined by powder X‐ray diffraction and refined by Rietveld analysis. H2InB5O10 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2. The structure features a new 2D tetrahedrally four‐connected borate network constructed from a new pentaborate fundamental building block, B5O14. The 2D borate network is formed by two 63 borate layers linked by additional BO4 groups in a spiro‐5 mode and then combines with InO6 octahedra to give rise to the 3D structure of H2InB5O10. The strong hydrogen bonds that cross‐link oxygen atoms of additional BO4 groups between the borate layers help to stabilize the borate network.
Hydrothermal Synthesis and Photoluminescence of Hierarchical Lead Tungstate Superstructures: Effects of Reaction Temperature and Surfactants
Authors: Guo Xiaohui , Yang Jianping , Deng Yonghui , Wei Hao , Zhao Dongyuan 
Published: March 2010

AbstractLead tungstate (PbWO4) crystals with unique hierarchical morphologies have been successfully synthesized in the presence of a triblock copolymer poly(ethylene oxide)‐poly(propylene oxide)‐poly(ethylene oxide) (EO70‐PO20‐EO70, P123) under mild hydrothermal conditions. When reaction temperature is changed from 140 to 180 and 220 °C, the as‐obtained PbWO4 samples can vary from flat tubular to rod‐shaped arrays and complex slabs with porous film texture on their surface. Meanwhile, by using polyvinylpyrolidone (PVP), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), andhydroxycellulose with distinct functional groups as structure‐directing agents, PbWO4 samples such as polyhedrons and rods with porous groove texture, as well as tube‐shaped aggregate bundles, can be obtained. The optical properties of the as‐made PbWO4 samples with various morphologies were examined by photoluminescence (PL) and Raman spectroscopy. Results show that PL of the rod‐like arrays and microtube structures is redshifted relative to that of the complex slab sample. In general, the present synthesis route may be extended to prepare other inorganic nanomaterials with special functions.
Immobilization of Diphenylamine‐Linked Bis(oxazoline) Ligands and Their Application in the Asymmetric Friedel–Crafts Alkylation of Indole Derivatives with Nitroalkenes
Authors: Liu Han , Du Da‐Ming 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA diphenylamine‐linked bis(oxazoline) ligand with trans‐diphenyl substitution on the oxazoline rings has been immobilized onto one‐ to three‐generation Fréchet‐type dendrimers and a C3‐symmetric core structure. The catalytic activities and enantioselectivities of these new ligands were tested in the asymmetric Friedel–Crafts alkylation reactions of indole derivatives with nitroalkenes. The two types of immobilized ligands exhibited similar enantioselectivities and substrate compatibilities to the free ligand trans‐DPBO we reported previously. No dendrimer effect was observed in the kinetic investigation of the Fréchet‐type dendrimer‐immobilized ligands. The in situ recycling of the catalysts was also tested to illustrate the effect of reducing catalyst loading and the efficiency of our system.