bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SMALL‐SCALE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION IN OCEANIC ZOOPLANKTON1
Authors: Wiebe Peter Howard 
Published: March 2010

A Longhurst‐Hardy plankton recorder was used near Guadalupe Island (Baja California) to obtain information on the small‐scale horizontal patchiness of a number of zooplankton species. On one occasion, a daytime series of 11 horizontal recorder tows was taken forming a grid over an area 500 m square at 90‐m depth (total number of samples, 459). On another, a single long nighttime horizontal tow was taken at 20 m (82 samples).A method has been developed to measure spatial structure in terms of patch size and shape, number and distribution of patches in the grid area, concentration of individuals in each patch, and densities of background individuals. The patches were approximately circular with a median patch radius ranging from 13.6 to 15.6 m for the species on the grid and 38.4 to 73.1 m for the night tow. Estimates of the numbers of patches in the grid area ranged from 183 to 222. They were distributed randomly. Average densities of individuals in the patches over the grid varied from 2.6 to 5.1 times the background densities. Although the abundances of different species showed a significant degree of concordance, the relationship between the same species pair on different tows and between different species pairs was quite variable.The degree of aggregation of the less abundant species was associated with their density; the lower the density the less frequently significant departures from a random expectation were observed.
SEASONAL COMPOSITION OF TEMPERATE PLANKTON COMMUNITIES: FATTY ACIDS1
Authors: Jeffries H. Perry 
Published: March 2010

Fatty acid composition of the plankton in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, varies in relation to the seasonal succession and productivity of populations. The ratio of palmitoleic acid to palmitic acid declines during vernal warming from 2.0 to ca. 0.3, reflecting the change in dominance from diatoms to flagellates. In the zooplankton, the ratio is twice as high in Acartia clausi, the winter dominant copepod, as in the summer species, Acartia tonsa.Palmitoleic acid and palmitic acid vary reciprocally throughout the year; so do oleic and stearidonic acids. If palmitic and oleic acids, the less saturated members of each covariate pair, arc related by multiple linear regression to zooplankton standing crop, 52% of the variation over an annual cycle is explained.During a poor year for Calanus finmarchicus in Rhode Island Sound, the fatty acids vary independently of each other, in agreement with previous findings for free amino acids.
THE INFLUENCE OF PLANKTON DISCHARGES FROM AN UPSTREAM RESERVOIR ON STANDING CROPS IN A MISSOURI RIVER RESERVOIR
Authors: Cowell Bruce C. 
Published: March 2010

The influence of discharges from an upstream reservoir, Lake Francis Case, on the standing crops in Lewis and Clark Lake, 71 km down the Missouri River, was assessed by automatic plankton samplers installed in the powerhouses. Composite samples were collected weekly from January 1966 through December 1967. Densities of total Copepoda and Cladocera were significantly greater in the upstream reservoir; populations downstream were dependent on upstream discharges. Discharge and water exchange rates in Lewis and Clark Lake were too rapid for significant development of Copepoda and Cladocera; only three species showed population increases between powerhouses. In contrast, phytoplankton and rotifers were more abundant downstream, especially in summer when introductions from the Niobrara River and production within Lewis and Clark Lake produced marked differences between reservoirs.Phytoplankton and zooplankton populations in both reservoirs were exceptionally low during summer. Low concentrations of nutrients and low photosynthetic rates in the upstream reservoir appear to be the limiting factors.
CALCIUM CARBONATE SATURATION IN SEAWATER: EFFECTS OF DISSOLVED ORGANIC MATTER1
Authors: Chave Keith E. , Suess Erwin 
Published: March 2010

Surface seawater is generally supersaturated with CaCO3; but carbonate will not precipitate from natural seawater in convenient experimental times. If the supersaturation is increased by the addition of Ca2+ or CO32− ions, precipitation can occur in minutes or hours.Seawater, with 0.1 m Na2CO3 solution added to give a pH of 9.5, will begin rapid CaCO3 (aragonite) precipitation in as little as 15 min. The length of time between the addition of the Na2CO3 and rapid precipitation increases with an increase in the dissolved organic content of the water. If CaCl2, which produces no pH increase, is added to seawater, CaSO4·2H2O (gypsum) is the only precipitate that will form within 12 hr.
DIVERSITY, UTILIZATION OF RESOURCES, AND ADAPTIVE RADIATION IN SPIALLOW‐WATER MARINE INVERTEBRATES OF TROPICAL OCEANIC ISLANDS1
Authors: Kohn Alan J. 
Published: March 2010

Important features of the inshore marine benthic invertebrate fauna of tropical islands are very high species diversity and the geomorphological role of reef‐building and sediment‐generating animals in contributing the structural framework of habitats. The former is due to the adaptive radiation and persistent co‐occurrence of large numbers of species in a number of genera, particularly of molluscs, echinoderms, and crustaceans. Among the molluscs, epifaunal gastropod genera contribute importantly to the high species diversity. On tropical Indo‐West Pacific island shores and coral reefs, 80% of prosobranch gastropods belong to genera having more than three sympatric species; in diverse temperate faunas the corresponding figure is 20%.Features of the environment and of the animals tending to promote both speciation and high faunal diversity are listed: environmental heterogeneity and ecological and behavioral specialization are the most approachable. In a representative gastropod genus (Conus) with available quantitative ecological data, topographically complex, climatically equable subtidal coral reefs support more species, lower population density, and animals of larger size than do intertidal marine benches that are topographically uniform but subject to more severe weather conditions. Recurrent group analysis shows strong affinity among six common species on reefs and three on benches spanning most of the longitudinal extent of the Indo‐West Pacific region, demonstrating wide species distribution and constancy of species composition in these habitat types.Degree of specialization and overlap in resource utilization by co‐occurring congeneric species are discussed with reference to the theory of limiting similarity. Conus species are demonstrated to specialize more to different prey species than to substrate type. A more general hypothesis, that co‐occurring, ecologically similar predator species tend to adopt this strategy, while detritus feeders are more likely to specialize to microhabitat than food type, is only partially supported by the limited data available on other benthic invertebrate taxa.
TRACE ELEMENT CONCENTRATIONS IN SOME MODERN CORALS1
Authors: Livingston H. D. , Thompson Geoffrey 
Published: March 2010

Thirty‐four scleractinian coral samples, including both hermatypic and ahermatypic varieties, have been analyzed for trace elements. Acid leaching has been used to infer the distribution of elements between the coral skeleton (acid‐soluble fraction) and detrital phases (acid‐insoluble).Sr, U, Ba, Cu, B, Li, and Zn are generally present in the coral skeleton. Sr and U concentrations, relative to Ca and to Ca in seawater, show only little discrimination but small variations do exist between species from the same environment, indicating species‐specific controls. Larger differences are found between hermatypic and ahermatypic corals. The concentrations of Sr and U are independent of temperature and may be a function of the coral metabolism and rate of skeletogenesis. Ba is not discriminated against, but there is marked discrimination against B and Li. Zn is generally discriminated against but some ahermatypic species show high Zn concentrations. Si, Ti, and Cr are mostly present in the detrital phase associated with the corals; the nature of the detritus often reflects the local environment. Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, Pb, and Sc are distributed variously between the detrital and nondetrital phases. High concentrations are found in ferromanganese‐stained pelagic corals and in nearshore corals containing much detritus. The concentrations of these elements in clean, fresh corals indicate that they are discriminated against with respect to Ca uptake from seawater.
INGESTION, ASSIMILATION, SURVIVAL, AND REPRODUCTION BY DAPHNIA PULEX FED SEVEN SPECIES OF BLUE‐GREEN ALGAE1,2
Authors: Arnold Dean E. 
Published: March 2010

Daphnia pulex (Crustacea, Cladocera) was fed the blue‐green algae (Cyanophyceae) Anacystis nidulans, Synechococcus elongata, S. cedrorum, Merismopedia sp., Anabaena flosaquae, Synechocystis sp., and Gloeocapsa alpicola. The green algae (Chlorophyceae) Ankistrodesmus falcatus and Chlorella vulgaris were used for comparison. Direct observations were made of D. pulex feeding in depression slides filled with the test food. Food labeled with 14C was used to determine ingestion and assimilation. Life tables were constructed for cohorts fed blue‐greens, greens, and no food, and survivorship (lx), net reproductive rate (Ro), median age of death, and intrinsic rate of natural increase (r) were calculated.In all cases, ingestion, assimilation, survivorship, and reproduction of D. pulex fed blue‐green algae were lower than of those fed green algae, although there were differences among the blue‐greens in their effects on these parameters. Anacystis nidulans, Merismopedia sp., and Synechocystis sp. showed some toxicity or inhibition towards D. pulex. Although some blue‐green algae can be ingested and assimilated by D. pulex, few if any of those tested provide sufficient nutrition to support a population that does not have other food available.
PHOSPHATE NUTRITION OF THE AQUATIC AGIOSPERM, MYRIOPHYLLUM EXALBESCENS FERN1
Authors: WILSON D. O. 
Published: March 2010

Growth and tissue phosphorus concentrations were measured in algal‐free Myriophyllum exalbescens Fern. plants grown in nutrient solutions with phosphate maintained at concentrations from 0.1–100 µm. No major growth differences were observed over 5 weeks. Tissue phosphorus concentrations (dry‐wt basis) ranged from 0.062–1.38% with no apparent signs of phosphorus deficiency or toxicity. This species can store large quantities of phosphorus which it then uses when external sources are low.A method is described for obtaining algal‐free vegetative segments of M. exalbescens based on a difference in tolerance to sodium hypochlorite between it and algae.
Complex attributes of the magnetic signal for multiple sources: Application to signals from buried ditches
Authors: Milea Christian M. , Hansen Richard O. , Tsokas Gregory N. , Papazachos Constantinos B. , Tsourlos Panagiotis I. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractComplex attributes of the magnetic signal are computed using a multiple source approach. Polygonal bodies are considered and the attributes of each corner are summed to produce the overall response; that is a decomposition of the polygonal body into magnetized steps to simulate the vertices. The method is tested on synthetic examples of buried ditches, as well as on real magnetic data. This type of target was selected because it comprises a common objective in ‘archaeological geophysics’. The resolution of the method in detecting the edges of the buried ditches depends on their lateral dimensions with respect to the sampling interval used. In general, the signal of the shallowest edges of the buried targets obscures the signal from the deeper corners, thus prohibiting their detection. In some extreme cases, the signals from the deeper corners posed a recognizable signature. The analytic signal may be seen as an anomaly rectification technique. In this context, it is suitable for the presentation of ‘archaeological prospection’ data since it provides an image that resembles the plane view of the buried antiquities better than the total field anomaly itself. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychopathy—an approach to neuroscientific research in forensic psychiatry
Authors: Müller Jürgen L. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract“Psychopathy” is a construct that has come into vogue again in science and practice. In line with the growing impact, different diagnostic approaches have been used to investigate forensically relevant social behavior as well as involved brain functions and structures. Research on psychopathy has become of major importance for empirical research in forensic psychiatry. An overview on the development of the concept of psychopathy is given; the heterogeneity of the diagnostic tools is addressed, focusing critically on the characteristics of the included samples. Neurobiological findings on psychopathy are presented, focusing in particular on structural and functional imaging data. Limitations and further requirements of neuroimaging research in psychopathy are discussed. In order to emphasize the limitations of lesion studies, in particular in a forensic context, a case report on pseudoneurasthenia following orbitofrontal brain damage without any change in behavior is presented. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Do early therapeutic alliance, motivation, and stages of change predict therapy change for high‐risk, psychopathic violent prisoners?
Authors: Polaschek Devon L. L. , Ross Elizabeth C. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackground Examination of the extent of offenders' engagement in change, and in rehabilitation programmes, is important to understanding success or failure following rehabilitation. In treatment programmes, the alliance between therapist and offender, and the therapy process itself appear central to progress offenders make that may reduce their criminal risk. But research with offenders seldom has measured therapeutic alliance and clinical writing suggests that it is difficult to form an alliance with those not ready to change their behaviour; especially with higher risk and psychopathic offenders.Aims and Methods This study outlines the course of the therapeutic alliance in an 8‐month treatment programme for high‐risk, PCL‐psychopathic violent prisoners. It examines relationships between early‐treatment therapeutic alliance, therapists' global ratings of motivation to change, and initial stage of change on dynamic risk factors. In addition, it investigates which factors best predict who will complete treatment and change behaviourally during treatment.Conclusion In this challenging, high‐needs client group, early‐programme stage of change, therapists' perceptions of motivation, therapeutic alliance and psychopathy did not predict how much change prisoners made. Regardless of initial levels, prisoners whose alliance increased the most over the course of treatment made the most change. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Personal aspirations and concerns inventory for offenders: Developments in the measurement of offenders' motivation
Authors: Campbell Jacqui , Sellen Joselyn L. , McMurran Mary 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackground It is important to attend to offenders' motivation for treatment and behaviour change, either as a treatment selection criterion or a pre‐treatment need. One measure of motivation that has been used with forensic populations is the Personal Concerns Inventory (PCI) and a PCI‐Offender Adaptation (PCI‐OA). As well as demonstrating promise in measuring offenders' motivation, the administration of the PCI and PCI‐OA shows potential as a motivation enhancer. However, a number of potentially useful changes to the PCI‐OA that may maximise its potential have been identified. These are described here.Method The rationale and process of abridgement and further development of the PCI‐OA into the Personal Aspirations and Concerns Inventory for Offenders (PACI‐O) are described. Results of a pilot study with 22 prisoners are reported. The pilot study aimed to assess the acceptability of the PACI‐O with an offender population.Results Findings demonstrated that the interview took less time, although similar concerns were still identified, consistent with the previous PCI‐OA.Conclusion Consistency with previous evidence, together with positive feedback, suggests that the PACI‐O was acceptable with an offender population. Future research is required to assess the psychometric properties of the PACI‐O, and to evaluate its potential as an assessment of offender motivation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treatment readiness, treatment engagement and behaviour change
Authors: McMurran Mary , Ward Tony 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackground Non‐completion of treatment is a common occurrence in correctional contexts. Non‐completion compromises service cost‐efficiency, impacts adversely on staff and service user morale and may limit the effectiveness of therapy. Attention needs to be paid to enhancing offenders' readiness for treatment, and developing and maintaining their engagement.Argument In this paper, we state that research and practice in offender treatment readiness and engagement need to be driven in four major ways: (1) the construction of models of engagement that are theoretically based and empirically evidenced that can underpin assessments and treatments; (2) the development of psychometrically robust assessments of treatment readiness, motivation and engagement that can be used to select offenders for treatment or measure change over time; (3) the design, implementation and evaluation of pre‐treatment preparation procedures that can promote treatment engagement and completion; and (4) the development of strategies that address barriers to engagement as an integral part of treatment.Conclusions This special issue contains contributions from leading researchers on the assessment of engagement, effects of engagement and non‐engagement on outcomes, offenders' reasons for non‐completion of treatment programmes, and the development of a measure of offenders' current concerns and life aspirations. These studies will improve research and practice in offender treatment readiness and engagement, and this could lead to better outcomes in terms of reduced re‐offending. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Joint subcarrier and power allocation for uplink relay‐enhanced OFDM systems
Authors: Fan Bin , Wang Wenbo , Wu Wenjun , Zheng Kan 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThere has been a lot of research works considering the resource allocation of the downlink multihop orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems. However, due to the distributed nature of the uplink power constraints, the resource allocation in the uplink multihop systems, where multiple mobile stations transmit to one base station with the aid of one or many relay stations, has much difference and has not been well investigated so far. In this paper, we originally study the joint subcarrier and power allocation problem for the uplink dual‐hop transmission with the aim to maximize the system transmit rate. The resource allocation problem is approximated to be a concave maximization problem. By using mathematical decomposition techniques, the problem is first decoupled and solved by the proposed near‐optimal method, which has low‐computation complexity. Then, our algorithm is extended to the case with subcarrier matching on the dual hops. Numerical results show that our proposed algorithm improves the system transmission rate. Compared with the equal power allocation schemes, our algorithm can achieve significant gain in system transmit rate. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Activity of essential oils on the growth of Leishmania infantum promastigotes
Authors: Machado M. , Santoro G. , Sousa M. C. , Salgueiro L. , Cavaleiro C. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn order to contribute to the search for new therapeutic agents for leishmaniasis, we report the effect of several essential oils on the growth of Leishmania infantum promastigotes. Eight of the tested essential oils revealed activity below 150 µg/ml, the most active being Cymbopogon citratus, Juniperus oxycedrus berries and Thymus capitelatus oils, with 50% effective concentration values in the range 16–51 µg/ml. The results support the concept that several essential oils or some of their constituents can become useful in the research of new therapeutic agents for leishmaniasis and in the clinical management of this parasitic disease. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Marine biotic events in the Lopingian succession and latest Permian extinction in the Southern Alps (Italy)
Authors: Posenato Renato 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe Upper Permian in the eastern Southern Alps consists of an overall transgressive sedimentary succession of continental red beds (Val Gardena Sandstone), which are overlain and interfingered by the marine Bellerophon Fm, consisting of sulphate evaporites, dolomites and neritic limestones. In the western Dolomites, a key‐area for analysing the stratigraphic framework and biotic events connected with the Permian‐Triassic boundary and related mass extinction studies, the Bellerophon Fm is followed by oolitic limestone of the Werfen Fm, where the end‐Permian mass extinction and the erathem boundary, are located a few centimetres and a few metres, respectively, above the formational contact.The marine events presented here are located in three historical sections in the western Dolomites (Bletterbach, Seceda‐Monte Balest and Putia). Bioevents mostly concern brachiopod and cephalopod assemblages, discussed herein in terms of biodiversity changes and bio‐chronostratigraphic value. Recent data on cephalopod and conodont biostratigraphy have improved significantly the chronostratigraphic framework of the upper part of the succession and its correlation with other Tethyan localities. As far as nautiloids are concerned, theTirolonautilusbeds (T. cruxandTirolonautilus sebedinuslineage zone) are Changhsingian in age; while, all theComelicania‐bearing brachiopod beds are late Changhsingian in age.The extinction pattern of the Dolomites is compared with that which occurred in the GSSP Meishan (South China) section. In both regions, the main extinction phase is probably synchronous, whereas the ultimate extinction of relicts is slightly diachronous. However, in the Dolomites the extinction seems to have been more catastrophic, because of the lack of the Chinese prelude phase, which is also characterized by miniaturization. On the other hand, the supposed coeval Dolomites assemblages have a high biodiversity, both in richness and abundance, and include gigantic brachiopod species. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intelligent Systems in Accounting, Finance and Management: ISI journal and proceeding citations, and research issues from most‐cited papers
Authors: O'Leary Daniel E. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis paper analyses the citations from Intelligent Systems in Accounting, Finance and Management that have occurred in ISI's Web of Knowledge in February 2010. I found roughly 1000 citations to the journal under 10 different journal name abbreviations, with roughly 25% of the citations occurring during 2008–2009, associated with 27 of the more frequently cited papers. Using that citation data, the H‐index and the 40 (42 with ties) most‐cited papers are presented. I found that ISI's new proceedings data appear to have a different citation pattern than ISI's journal citation data, resulting in citations to more sources, but fewer citations per source. I also examine the research methodologies and applications of the most‐cited papers in an attempt to determine what areas have been cited most and where there are potential gaps in the research. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.