bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BaHys—A Bayesian Modeling Framework for Long‐Term Concentration‐Discharge Hysteresis: A Case Study on Chloride
Authors: Cairoli Maria , Souza Francisco , Stroomberg Gerard , Postma Geert , Buydens Lutgarde , Jansen Jeroen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractImproving river water quality requires a thorough understanding of the relationship between constituent concentration and water discharge during runoff events (i.e., C‐Q hysteresis), which may be strongly non‐linear. Analysis of C‐Q hysteresis on large temporal scales provides unprecedented insights into event dynamics and long‐term concentration trends in surface and groundwater. Despite the increasing availability of time series data on water quality, there are still limited quantitative modeling frameworks that enable this analysis. Here, we combine Bayesian modeling and an existing mass balance to model long‐term C‐Q hysteresis dynamics in multi‐decade constituent concentration and water discharge time series. We focus on the case study of chloride and demonstrate that our model can simultaneously characterize the size and rotation of C‐Q hysteresis, and diffuse and low‐flow inputs to constituent concentration using only time‐series data from the river Rhine. Over 28 years of monitoring, we find that chloride exhibits a dominant clockwise dilution behavior that does not vary considerably under different hydro‐climatic conditions, hinting to similar mobilization mechanisms over time. We also show decreasing chloride concentrations in surface and groundwater, due to the cessation of mining activities in the Rhine. Our approach uses uncertainty estimates to show the range within which model parameter values lie, aiding decision‐makers in a robust assessment of river water quality. We conclude that Bayesian modeling of C‐Q hysteresis provides a powerful framework for investigating long‐term contamination dynamics that can be extended to several constituents to find factors controlling their export, ultimately suggesting mitigation measures for river contamination.
Impact of Depth‐Dependent Heterogeneity in Aquifers on the Response of Unsaturated‐Saturated Flow to Earth Tides
Authors: Wang Guoliang , Liang Xiuyu , Li Jiebiao , Wang Ju , Wang Chi‐Yuen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHeterogeneity is a natural characteristic of aquifers, which has a profound influence on groundwater flow and solute transport. However, the heterogeneity in an aquifer is difficult to characterize and its impact on groundwater response to Earth tides remains insufficiently explored. A common heterogeneity in thick aquifers is the decrease in porosity and hydraulic conductivity with depth. In the present study, we present an analytical model that includes this particular heterogeneity in both the unsaturated and saturated zones to explore its impact on the tidal response. Our results reveal that, as the hydraulic conductivity decays with depth, the amplitude ratio of the tidal response increases and its phase shift decreases, and the impact of the capillary zone on tidal responses is primarily restricted to the shallow region of the aquifer. Neglecting the decay of conductivity in the previous models would result in underestimation of the amplitude ratio and overestimation of the phase shift. The solutions are applied to the field data to effectively estimate the decay in conductivity with depth. This study highlights the importance of considering aquifer heterogeneity in the analysis of the response of saturated and unsaturated flow to Earth tides.
How the Ionosphere Responds Dynamically to Magnetospheric Forcing
Authors: Laundal K. M. , Hatch S. M. , Reistad J. P. , Ohma A. , Tenfjord P. , Madelaire M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGround magnetic field variations have been used to investigate ionospheric dynamics for more than a century. They are usually explained in terms of an electric circuit in the ionosphere driven by an electric field, but this is insufficient to explain how magnetic field disturbances are dynamically established. Here we explain and simulate how the ionosphere dynamically responds to magnetospheric forcing and how it leads to magnetic field deformation via Faraday's law. Our approach underscores the causal relationships, treating the magnetic field and velocity as primary variables (the B, v paradigm), whereas the electric field and current are derived, in contrast to the E, j paradigm commonly used in ionospheric physics. The simulation approach presented here could be used as an alternative to existing circuit‐based numerical models of magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling.
Complex Martinique Intermediate‐Depth Earthquake Reactivates Early Atlantic Break‐Up Structures
Authors: Lindner Mike , Rietbrock Andreas , Bie Lidong , Gao Ya‐Jian , Goes Saskia , Frietsch Michael 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEarthquakes that rupture several faults occur frequently within the shallow lithosphere but are rarely observed for intermediate‐depth events (70–300 km). On 29 November 2007, the Mw7.4 Martinique earthquake struck the Lesser Antilles Island Arc near the deep end of the Wadati‐Benioff‐Zone. The sparse regional seismic network of 2007 previously hampered a detailed examination of this unusually complex event. Here, we combine seismic data from different studies with regional moment tensor inversion results and 3D full‐waveform modeling. We show that the earthquake is a doublet consisting of dip‐slip and strike‐slip motion along two oblique structures, both activated under extensional stress along the strike of the slab. Comparison with tectonic reconstructions suggests that the earthquake ruptured along a re‐activated ridge‐transform segment of the subducted Proto‐Caribbean spreading ridge. The unprecedented resolution of the source process highlights the influence of pre‐existing structures on localizing slab deformation also at intermediate‐depth.
Kinetic‐Scale Current Sheets in the Solar Wind at 5 AU
Authors: Vasko I. Y. , Alimov K. , Phan T. D. , Mozer F. S. , Artemyev A. V. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe present statistical analysis of 16,903 current sheets (CSs) observed over 641 days aboard Ulysses spacecraft at 5 AU. We show that the magnetic field rotates across CSs through some shear angle, while only weakly varies in magnitude. The CSs are typically asymmetric with statistically different, though only by a few percent, magnetic field magnitudes at the CS boundaries. The data set is classified into about 90.6% non‐bifurcated and 9.4% bifurcated CSs. Most of the CSs are proton kinetic‐scale structures with the half‐thickness of non‐bifurcated and bifurcated CSs within respectively 200–2,000 km and 500–5,000 km or 0.5–5λp and 0.7–15λp in units of local proton inertial length. The amplitude of the current density, mostly parallel to magnetic field, is typically within 0.05–0.5 nA/m2 or 0.04–0.4JA in units of local Alfvén current density. The CSs demonstrate approximate scale‐invariance with the shear angle and current density amplitude scaling with the half‐thickness, and . The matching of the magnetic field rotation and compressibility observed within the CSs against those in ambient solar wind indicate that the CSs are produced by turbulence, inheriting its scale‐invariance and compressibility. The estimated asymmetry in plasma beta between the CS boundaries is shown to be insufficient to suppress magnetic reconnection through the diamagnetic drift of X‐line. The presented results will be of value for future comparative analysis of CSs observed at different distances from the Sun.
A Statistical Analysis of the Morphology of Storm‐Enhanced Density Plumes Over the North American Sector
Authors: Aa Ercha , Dzwill Patricia , Zhang Shun‐Rong , Erickson Philip J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe storm‐enhanced density (SED) is a large‐scale midlatitude ionospheric electron density enhancement in the local afternoon sector, which exhibits substantial spatial gradients and thus can impose detrimental effects on modern navigation and communication systems, causing potential space weather hazards. This study has identified a comprehensive list of 49 SED events over the continental US and adjacent regions, by examining strong geomagnetic storms occurring between 2000 and 2023. The ground‐based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) total electron content and data from a new TEC‐based ionospheric data assimilation system were used to analyze the characteristics of SED. For each derived SED events, we have quantified its morphology by employing a Gaussian function to parameterize key characteristics of the SED, such as the plume intensity, central longitude, and half‐width. A statistical analysis of SEDs was conducted for the first time to characterize their climatological features. We found that the SED distribution exhibits a higher peak intensity and a narrower width as geomagnetic activity strengthens. The peak intensity of SED has maximum values around the equinoxes in their seasonal distribution. Additionally, we observed a solar cycle dependence in the SED distribution, with more events occurring during the solar maximum and declining phases compared to the solar minimum. SED plumes exhibit a sub‐corotation feature with respect to the Earth, characterized by a westward drift speed between 50 and 400 m/s and a duration of 3–10 hr. These information advanced the current understanding of the spatial‐temporal variation of SED characteristics.
DAB2IP inhibits glucose uptake by modulating HIF-1α ubiquitination under hypoxia in breast cancer
Authors: Dong Hongliang , Jia Weiyi , Meng Weijian , Zhang Rui , Qi Zhihong , Chen Zhuo , Xie Sophia , Min Jiang , Liu Liang , Shen Jie 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMetabolic reprogramming has become increasingly important in tumor biology research. The glucose metabolic pathway is a major energy source and is often dysregulated in breast cancer. DAB2IP is widely reported to be a tumor suppressor that acts as a scaffold protein to suppress tumor malignancy in breast cancer. Interestingly, DAB2IP has also been found to be a potential regulator of glucose uptake; however, the exact mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we found that DAB2IP inhibited glucose uptake under hypoxia conditions in breast cancer cells by suppressing HIF-1α signals. Mechanically, DAB2IP interacted with the E3 ubiquitin ligase STUB1 via its PER domain, thus triggering STUB1 mediated HIF-1α ubiquitylation and degradation, and inhibit glucose metabolism and tumor progression. Deleting the PER domain abrogated the DAB2IP-related inhibitory effects on glucose uptake, intracellular ATP production, and lactic acid production in breast cancer cells. These findings elucidate the biological roles of DAB2IP in cancer-related glucose metabolism as well as a novel mechanism by which STUB1-driven HIF-1α ubiquitylated degradation is regulated in breast cancer.
Genetics of child aggression, a systematic review
Authors: Koyama Emiko , Kant Tuana , Takata Atsushi , Kennedy James L. , Zai Clement C. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractExcessive and persistent aggressiveness is the most common behavioral problem that leads to psychiatric referrals among children. While half of the variance in childhood aggression is attributed to genetic factors, the biological mechanism and the interplay between genes and environment that results in aggression remains elusive. The purpose of this systematic review is to provide an overview of studies examining the genetics of childhood aggression irrespective of psychiatric diagnosis. PubMed, PsycINFO, and MEDLINE databases were searched using predefined search terms for aggression, genes and the specific age group. From the 652 initially yielded studies, eighty-seven studies were systematically extracted for full-text review and for further quality assessment analyses. Findings show that (i) investigation of candidate genes, especially of MAOA (17 studies), DRD4 (13 studies), and COMT (12 studies) continue to dominate the field, although studies using other research designs and methods including genome-wide association and epigenetic studies are increasing, (ii) the published articles tend to be moderate in sizes, with variable methods of assessing aggressive behavior and inconsistent categorizations of tandem repeat variants, resulting in inconclusive findings of genetic main effects, gene-gene, and gene-environment interactions, (iii) the majority of studies are conducted on European, male-only or male-female mixed, participants. To our knowledge, this is the first study to systematically review the effects of genes on youth aggression. To understand the genetic underpinnings of childhood aggression, more research is required with larger, more diverse sample sets, consistent and reliable assessments and standardized definition of the aggression phenotypes. The search for the biological mechanisms underlying child aggression will also benefit from more varied research methods, including epigenetic studies, transcriptomic studies, gene system and genome-wide studies, longitudinal studies that track changes in risk/ameliorating factors and aggression-related outcomes, and studies examining causal mechanisms.
Comprehensive analysis of genetic risk loci uncovers novel candidate genes and pathways in the comorbidity between depression and Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Hofstra Bente M. , Kas Martien J. H. , Verbeek Dineke S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThere is growing evidence of a shared pathogenesis between Alzheimer’s disease and depression. Therefore, we aimed to further investigate their shared disease mechanisms. We made use of publicly available brain-specific eQTL data and gene co-expression networks of previously reported genetic loci associated with these highly comorbid disorders. No direct genetic overlap was observed between Alzheimer’s disease and depression in our dataset, but we did detect six shared brain-specific eQTL genes: SRA1, MICA, PCDHA7, PCDHA8, PCDHA10 and PCDHA13. Several pathways were identified as shared between Alzheimer’s disease and depression by conducting clustering pathway analysis on hippocampal co-expressed genes; synaptic signaling and organization, myelination, development, and the immune system. This study highlights trans-synaptic signaling and synaptoimmunology in the hippocampus as main shared pathomechanisms of Alzheimer’s disease and depression.
ER-mitochondria association negatively affects wound healing by regulating NLRP3 activation
Authors: Licini Caterina , Morroni Gianluca , Lucarini Guendalina , Vitto Veronica Angela Maria , Orlando Fiorenza , Missiroli Sonia , D’Achille Gloria , Perrone Mariasole , Spadoni Tatiana , Graciotti Laura , Bigossi Giorgia , Provinciali Mauro , Offidani Annamaria , Mattioli-Belmonte Monica , Cirioni Oscar , Pinton Paolo , Simonetti Oriana , Marchi Saverio 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is the most common causative agent of acute bacterial skin and skin-structure infections (ABSSSI), one of the major challenges to the health system worldwide. Although the use of antibiotics as the first line of intervention for MRSA-infected wounds is recommended, important side effects could occur, including cytotoxicity or immune dysregulation, thus affecting the repair process. Here, we show that the oxazolidinone antibiotic linezolid (LZD) impairs wound healing by aberrantly increasing interleukin 1 β (IL-1β) production in keratinocytes. Mechanistically, LZD triggers a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-independent mitochondrial damage that culminates in increased tethering between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, which in turn activates the NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome complex by promoting its assembly to the mitochondrial surface. Downregulation of ER-mitochondria contact formation is sufficient to inhibit the LZD-driven NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β production, restoring wound closure. These results identify the ER-mitochondria association as a key factor for NLRP3 activation and reveal a new mechanism in the regulation of the wound healing process that might be clinically relevant.
Glucose deprivation triggers DCAF1-mediated inactivation of Rheb-mTORC1 and promotes cancer cell survival
Authors: Li Miaomiao , Huang Wenjing , Zhang Yuan , Du Yue , Zhao Shan , Wang Longhao , Sun Yaxin , Sha Beibei , Yan Jie , Ma Yangcheng , Tang Jinlu , Shi Jianxiang , Li Pei , Jia Lijun , Hu Tao , Chen Ping 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLow glucose is a common microenvironment for rapidly growing solid tumors, which has developed multiple approaches to survive under glucose deprivation. However, the specific regulatory mechanism remains largely elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that glucose deprivation, while not amino acid or serum starvation, transactivates the expression of DCAF1. This enhances the K48-linked polyubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation of Rheb, inhibits mTORC1 activity, induces autophagy, and facilitates cancer cell survival under glucose deprivation conditions. This study identified DCAF1 as a new cellular glucose sensor and uncovered new insights into mechanism of DCAF1-mediated inactivation of Rheb-mTORC1 pathway for promoting cancer cell survival in response to glucose deprivation.
Clathrin mediates membrane fission and budding by constricting membrane pores
Authors: Wei Lisi , Guo Xiaoli , Haimov Ehud , Obashi Kazuki , Lee Sung Hoon , Shin Wonchul , Sun Min , Chan Chung Yu , Sheng Jiansong , Zhang Zhen , Mohseni Ammar , Ghosh Dastidar Sudhriti , Wu Xin-Sheng , Wang Xin , Han Sue , Arpino Gianvito , Shi Bo , Molakarimi Maryam , Matthias Jessica , Wurm Christian A. , Gan Lin , Taraska Justin W. , Kozlov Michael M. , Wu Ling-Gang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMembrane budding, which underlies fundamental processes like endocytosis, intracellular trafficking, and viral infection, is thought to involve membrane coat-forming proteins, including the most observed clathrin, to form Ω-shape profiles and helix-forming proteins like dynamin to constrict Ω-profiles’ pores and thus mediate fission. Challenging this fundamental concept, we report that polymerized clathrin is required for Ω-profiles’ pore closure and that clathrin around Ω-profiles’ base/pore region mediates pore constriction/closure in neuroendocrine chromaffin cells. Mathematical modeling suggests that clathrin polymerization at Ω-profiles’ base/pore region generates forces from its intrinsically curved shape to constrict/close the pore. This new fission function may exert broader impacts than clathrin’s well-known coat-forming function during clathrin (coat)-dependent endocytosis, because it underlies not only clathrin (coat)-dependent endocytosis, but also diverse endocytic modes, including ultrafast, fast, slow, bulk, and overshoot endocytosis previously considered clathrin (coat)-independent in chromaffin cells. It mediates kiss-and-run fusion (fusion pore closure) previously considered bona fide clathrin-independent, and limits the vesicular content release rate. Furthermore, analogous to results in chromaffin cells, we found that clathrin is essential for fast and slow endocytosis at hippocampal synapses where clathrin was previously considered dispensable, suggesting clathrin in mediating synaptic vesicle endocytosis and fission. These results suggest that clathrin and likely other intrinsically curved coat proteins are a new class of fission proteins underlying vesicle budding and fusion. The half-a-century concept and studies that attribute vesicle-coat contents’ function to Ω-profile formation and classify budding as coat-protein (e.g., clathrin)-dependent or -independent may need to be re-defined and re-examined by considering clathrin’s pivotal role in pore constriction/closure.
Single-cell analysis identifies conserved features of immune dysfunction in simulated microgravity and spaceflight
Authors: Wu Fei , Du Huixun , Overbey Eliah , Kim JangKeun , Makhijani Priya , Martin Nicolas , Lerner Chad A. , Nguyen Khiem , Baechle Jordan , Valentino Taylor R. , Fuentealba Matias , Bartleson Juliet M. , Halaweh Heather , Winer Shawn , Meydan Cem , Garrett-Bakelman Francine , Sayed Nazish , Melov Simon , Muratani Masafumi , Gerencser Akos A. , Kasler Herbert G. , Beheshti Afshin , Mason Christopher E. , Furman David , Winer Daniel A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMicrogravity is associated with immunological dysfunction, though the mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, using single-cell analysis of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) exposed to short term (25 hours) simulated microgravity, we characterize altered genes and pathways at basal and stimulated states with a Toll-like Receptor-7/8 agonist. We validate single-cell analysis by RNA sequencing and super-resolution microscopy, and against data from the Inspiration-4 (I4) mission, JAXA (Cell-Free Epigenome) mission, Twins study, and spleens from mice on the International Space Station. Overall, microgravity alters specific pathways for optimal immunity, including the cytoskeleton, interferon signaling, pyroptosis, temperature-shock, innate inflammation (e.g., Coronavirus pathogenesis pathway and IL-6 signaling), nuclear receptors, and sirtuin signaling. Microgravity directs monocyte inflammatory parameters, and impairs T cell and NK cell functionality. Using machine learning, we identify numerous compounds linking microgravity to immune cell transcription, and demonstrate that the flavonol, quercetin, can reverse most abnormal pathways. These results define immune cell alterations in microgravity, and provide opportunities for countermeasures to maintain normal immunity in space.
Ethical considerations for the age of non-governmental space exploration
Authors: Seylani Allen , Galsinh Aman Singh , Tasoula Alexia , I Anu R , Camera Andrea , Calleja-Agius Jean , Borg Joseph , Goel Chirag , Kim JangKeun , Clark Kevin B. , Das Saswati , Arif Shehbeel , Boerrigter Michael , Coffey Caroline , Szewczyk Nathaniel , Mason Christopher E. , Manoli Maria , Karouia Fathi , Schwertz Hansjörg , Beheshti Afshin , Tulodziecki Dana 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMounting ambitions and capabilities for public and private, non-government sector crewed space exploration bring with them an increasingly diverse set of space travelers, raising new and nontrivial ethical, legal, and medical policy and practice concerns which are still relatively underexplored. In this piece, we lay out several pressing issues related to ethical considerations for selecting space travelers and conducting human subject research on them, especially in the context of non-governmental and commercial/private space operations.
Transcranial focused ultrasound to V5 enhances human visual motion brain-computer interface by modulating feature-based attention
Authors: Kosnoff Joshua , Yu Kai , Liu Chang , He Bin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA brain-computer interface (BCI) enables users to control devices with their minds. Despite advancements, non-invasive BCIs still exhibit high error rates, prompting investigation into the potential reduction through concurrent targeted neuromodulation. Transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) is an emerging non-invasive neuromodulation technology with high spatiotemporal precision. This study examines whether tFUS neuromodulation can improve BCI outcomes, and explores the underlying mechanism of action using high-density electroencephalography (EEG) source imaging (ESI). As a result, V5-targeted tFUS significantly reduced the error in a BCI speller task. Source analyses revealed a significantly increase in theta and alpha activities in the tFUS condition at both V5 and downstream in the dorsal visual processing pathway. Correlation analysis indicated that the connection within the dorsal processing pathway was preserved during tFUS stimulation, while the ventral connection was weakened. These findings suggest that V5-targeted tFUS enhances feature-based attention to visual motion.