bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Different Organic Manure on Nutrient Content, Uptake and Yield of Mustard (Brassica juncea L) Crop
Authors: Kumar Pardeep , Kumar Robin , Kumar Ajay , Yadav Vikas , Qidwai Sidra , Kumar Praveen , Kaushik Shivam 
Published: April 2024

A field experiment was conducted during 2020-21 at Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P.) during Rabi season to evaluate the “effect of different organic manure on nutrient content, uptake and yield of mustard (Brassica juncea L) crop.”. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with Eight treatments and three replications. Eight treatments viz. Control, 100% VC (8 tonnes per hectare), 100% FYM (10 tonnes per hectare),100% PM (10 tonnes per hectare),50% FYM + 50% VC + Natural liquid manure (Jeevamrit), 50% FYM + 50% PM + Natural liquid manure (Jeevamrit), 50% FYM + 25% VC + 25% PM, 25% FYM + 50% VC + 25% PM along with different management practices were implemented.
The result revealed that the highest nutrient content (%) by seed (3.15 N, 0.511 P, 0.560 K) and Stover (0.601 N, 0.180 P, 1.48 K) and the highest nutrient uptake (kg ha-1) of all the three nutrients by seed (56.54 N, 9.17 P, 10.05 K) and stover (28.80 N, 8.63 P, 70.92 K) were recorded with combined effect of FYM, VC with application of Jeevamrit viz., and 50% NPKS through FYM+ 50% N through VC which was statistically at par toT6. Reduction in nutrient supply resulted significantly lower uptake of N, P and K in the treatment which received only 100% FYM. Similarly, the maximum seed (17.95 q ha-1) and Stover (47.92 q ha-1) yield of mustard was recorded in the T5 treatment (50% FYM + 50% VC + Natural liquid manure Jeevamrit) treatment received 50% recommended doses of NPKS through FYM and 50% N through VC which was at par to T6 in which 50% FYM + 50% PM + Natural liquid manure (Jeevamrit) was applied. However, the lowest value found in control treatment (T6).
Antioxidant Effect of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) Extract on Paraquat-Induced Oxidative Stress in Sheep Red Blood Cells Using In-vitro Phytochemical Analysis
Authors: Hanuman Donga Durga Veera , Rao K V Venkata , Nagarjuna Gandham , Mounika Kamishetty , Debbarma Bhaskar , Sravathi Vemula , Venkatesh Vankudothu , Sravani Pechetty , Rao Mullu Atchuta , Kiran Amgoth Vamsi 
Published: April 2024

Aims: Oxidative stress, which causes harm to cells, is a significant factor in many diseases. Red blood cells are easily damaged by free radicals. Lemongrass has powerful abilities to fight these free radicals’ because it contains a lot of phytochemicals. The study examined how effective lemongrass is in protecting red blood cells from damage caused by Paraquat. Additionally, phytochemicals present in lemongrass are also analysed.
Methodology: The preparation of lemongrass leaf extract involved drying and grinding the leaves, followed by extraction with acetone using the Soxhlet method. Phytochemical analysis was done to reveal the presence of alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, and acids. A 10% RBC suspension was prepared from sheep blood. Oxidative stress was induced in RBCs using Paraquat, Ascorbic acid, and the extract. Antioxidant analysis included protein concentration via the Lowry method, Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) estimation for lipid peroxidation, Glutathione (GSH) estimation, and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity assay. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism, with significance set at p<0.05.
Results: The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, saponin, and tannin in lemongrass, while no acids or alkaloids were detected in the plant. In Group II exposed to Paraquat toxicity, total protein decreased significantly compared to the control group (10.24±0.53 mg/dl to 6.3±0.49 mg/dl). TBARS activity notably increased in Paraquat-treated group (629.7±2.85) compared to control (398.8±3.51), while Lemongrass and ascorbic acid treatments showed significant decreases (513.05±4.54 and 504.01±1.97, respectively). SOD and GSH levels decreased significantly in Paraquat-treated group (6.08±0.4 and 80.86±4.9 µg/mg of protein) compared to control (11.13±1.1 and 109.81±8.6, respectively), but Lemongrass treatment increased levels (14.12±2.0 and 114.8±4.5 µg GSH/mg of protein). Lemongrass demonstrated pronounced protective effects against oxidative stress, normalizing SOD levels and increasing GSH levels, comparable to ascorbic acid treatment.
Conclusion: The study successfully induced oxidative stress in RBCs with Paraquat, presenting avenues for further exploration in understanding cellular responses. Additionally, the research highlights Lemongrass's significant preventive impact (100μg), possibly attributed to its bioactive phytochemicals, including flavonoids, phenols, saponins, and tannins. This underscores Lemongrass's potential in countering oxidative damage induced by Paraquat in RBCs.
Maximizing Solar Integration: Enhancing Off-grid Rural Energy Storage in Zambia
Authors: Chambalile M. , Su B. , Phiri X. , Huan J. 
Published: April 2024

Energy stands as an indispensable aspect of contemporary human life. This study endeavours to explore the challenges and opportunities associated with the adoption of photovoltaics (PV) for sustainable electricity supply in Africa, with a particular focus on Zambia. The primary objectives include assessing the current state of PV integration, identifying key obstacles, and highlighting potential applications in critical areas such as irrigation, rural electrification, and water heating.
Drawing upon the latest research on PV in Africa, this study synthesizes information from the top ten most cited studies, with a specific emphasis on the complexities involved in large-scale PV integration. The research design entails a comprehensive review of technical aspects such as storage and bifacial modules, providing insights into the challenges faced in optimizing PV systems.
The study primarily centres on Zambia, a country endowed with significant solar potential. Through case studies, it demonstrates the feasibility of employing PV for vital applications such as irrigation and rural electrification. The timeframe encompasses recent years, reflecting the dynamic nature of PV research and implementation.
To evaluate the advantages and obstacles of PV adoption, a multifaceted approach is employed. This includes examining the potential of PV in specific applications, analyzing electrification rates in Zambian urban and rural areas (57% and 13% respectively), and identifying barriers such as high costs, inadequate infrastructure, and a lack of training. Additionally, thermal systems are considered, emphasizing both untapped potential and the limitations of solar cookers.
The study incorporates interviews conducted in Lwangwa Village to gather firsthand perspectives on the use and necessity of energy. Furthermore, data from previous literature is utilized to compile valuable insights into the demand for clean energy in Zambia.
Key findings underscore the untapped potential of PV in Zambia, highlighting its capacity to enhance energy access and reduce emissions. However, significant challenges exist, necessitating targeted policies, financial mechanisms, and community engagement to foster widespread adoption. Addressing infrastructure limitations, maintenance needs, costs, and social factors is essential to fully realize the benefits of PV implementation.
Zambia's abundant solar resources present a promising pathway towards sustainable energy. However, strategic planning and support are imperative for successful PV integration. Future research endeavors should focus on investigating specific challenges arising from clean energy adoption, including potential health effects and negative impacts, to further advance sustainable energy initiatives.
Finding Similar Nucleotide Sequences Using Network BLAST Searches
Authors: Ladunga Istvan 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) is a keystone of bioinformatics due to its performance and user‐friendliness. Beginner and intermediate users will learn how to design and submit blastn and Megablast searches on the Web pages at the National Center for Biotechnology Information. We map nucleic acid sequences to genomes, find identical or similar mRNA, expressed sequence tag, and noncoding RNA sequences, and run Megablast searches, which are much faster than blastn. Understanding results is assisted by taxonomy reports, genomic views, and multiple alignments. We interpret expected frequency thresholds, biological significance, and statistical significance. Weak hits provide no evidence, but hints for further analyses. We find genes that may code for homologous proteins by translated BLAST. We reduce false positives by filtering out low‐complexity regions. Parsed BLAST results can be integrated into analysis pipelines. Links in the output connect to Entrez, PUBMED, structural, sequence, interaction, and expression databases. This facilitates integration with a wide spectrum of biological knowledge. Curr. Protoc. Bioinform. 26:3.3.1‐3.3.26. © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
RNA Secondary Structure Analysis Using The RNAshapes Package
Authors: Reeder Jens , Giegerich Robert 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis unit shows how to use the RNAshapes package for the prediction of the secondary structure of a single RNA sequence using either minimum free energy methods or weighted ensemble information. It also includes a protocol for the consensus prediction of a set of related sequences. Curr. Protoc. Bioinform. 26:12.8.1‐12.8.17. © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
On‐line adaptive trend extraction of multiple physiological signals for alarm filtering in intensive care units
Authors: Charbonnier S. , Gentil S. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis paper presents an alarm validation system dedicated to patient monitoring in intensive care units (ICU). Several physiological signals are continuously acquired and an on‐line trend extraction method is implemented for each one. A trend is a succession of contiguous semi‐quantitative episodes, expressing the time evolution of a signal with several symbols. The difference between the trend and the signal is considered as a residual. In this paper, trend extraction is based on several thresholds that are adapted on‐line, following the signal variations. Multivariate change indices are further deduced from the trends and the residuals. They provide an indication of changes to patient hemodynamic and respiratory state. An alarm validation system based on these indices is then proposed, which uses fuzzy decision making. Whenever a monitoring system sets off an alarm, the system proposed carries out a backward analysis of the physiological variables monitored. The system enables various policies to be implemented: filtering of false alarms due to artifacts, confirmation of true alarms due to a patient state change. The system was tested on more than 50 h of data recorded on adult patients in an ICU unit, when 105SpO2alarms were set off by a fixed threshold alarm system. The comparison between the decision made on‐line by the validation system and the decision made by a medical expert for each of these alarms showed that the system is able to recognize 100% of true alarms and filter 50–80% of false alarms. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Discrete‐time Lyapunov stable‐staggered estimator MIMO adaptive interference cancelation with experimental verification
Authors: Arif Jawad , Akhtar Suhail 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAdaptive interference cancelation is of vital importance in a broad array of scientific and engineering disciplines. In this paper we develop a closed‐loop discrete‐time interference cancelation algorithm. The novel features of this algorithm are its ability to deal with multiple channels being affected by interferences with different frequency spectrums. Also we provide a proof of Lyapunov stability of closed‐loop system and asymptotically perfect interference cancelation for a class of interference signals. Furthermore, we introduce a new approach for updating the estimator through the use of staggered estimate. The goal of staggered estimation is to minimize the total number of estimates/calculations done within a time period while ensuring that there is no estimator aliasing. Finally, the proposed algorithm is implemented on an TMS320C6713 DSP Kit and an experimental verification is obtained. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recyclable Polymer‐ and Silica‐Supported Ruthenium(II)‐Salen Bis‐pyridine Catalysts for the Asymmetric Cyclopropanation of Olefins
Authors: Gill Christopher S. , Venkatasubbaiah Krishnan , Jones Christopher W. 
Published: June 2009

Abstractmagnified imageHomogeneous ruthenium(II)‐salen bis‐pyridine complexes are known to be highly active and selective catalysts for the asymmetric cyclopropanation of terminal olefins. Here, new methods of heterogenization of these Ru‐salen catalysts on polymer and porous silica supports are demonstrated for the facile recovery and recycle of these expensive catalysts. Activities, selectivities, and recyclabilities are investigated and compared to the analogous homogeneous and other supported catalysts for asymmetric cyclopropanation reactions. The catalysts are characterized with a variety of methods including solid state cross‐polarization magic‐angle spinning (CP MAS) 13C and 29Si NMR, FT‐IR, elemental analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. Initial investigations produced catalysts possessing high selectivities but decreasing activities upon reuse. Addition of excess pyridine during the washing steps between cycles was observed to maintain high catalytic activities over multiple cycles with no impact on selectivity. Polymer‐supported catalysts showed superior activity and selectivity compared to the porous silica‐supported catalyst. Additionally, a longer, flexible linker between the Ru‐salen catalyst and support was observed to increase enantioselectivity and diastereoselectivity, but had no effect on activity of the resin catalysts. Furthermore, the polymer‐supported Ru‐salen‐Py2 catalysts were found to generate superior selectivities and yields compared to other leading heterogeneous asymmetric cyclopropanation catalysts.
A Three‐Dimensional Quanititative Structure‐Activity Relationship (3D‐QSAR) Model for Predicting the Enantioselectivity of Candida antarctica Lipase B
Authors: Braiuca Paolo , Lorena Knapic , Ferrario Valerio , Ebert Cynthia , Gardossi Lucia 
Published: June 2009

Abstractmagnified imageComputational techniques involving molecular modeling coupled with multivariate statistical analysis were used to evaluate and predict quantitatively the enantioselectivity of lipase B from Candida antarctica (CALB). In order to allow the mathematical and statistical processing of the experimental data largely available in the literature (namely enantiomeric ratio E), a novel class of GRID‐based molecular descriptors was developed (differential molecular interaction fields or DMIFs). These descriptors proved to be efficient in providing the structural information needed for computing the regression model. Multivariate statistical methods based on PLS (partial least square – projection to latent structures), were used for the analysis of data available from the literature and for the construction of the first three‐dimensional quanititative structure‐activity relationship (3D‐QSAR) model able to predict the enantioselectivity of CALB. Our results indicate that the model is statistically robust and predictive.
Effective Chiral Ferrocenyl Phosphine‐Thioether Ligands in Enantioselective Palladium‐Catalyzed Allylic Alkylations
Authors: Cheung Hong Yee , Yu Wing‐Yiu , Au‐Yeung Terry T. L. , Zhou Zhongyuan , Chan Albert S. C. 
Published: June 2009

Abstractmagnified imageChiral ferrocene‐derived phosphine‐thioether mixed donor ligands supported by heterocycles effected the palladium‐catalyzed enantioselective allylic alkylations with excellent yields and enantioselectivities (up to 96% ee). With cyclic and unsymmetrical allylic acetates as substrate, the corresponding alkylated products with enantioselectivities up to 87% ee were obtained. Based on X‐ray crystallographic and NMR studies, the origin of the observed enantioselectivities is discussed.
Improved Protocols for Molybdenum‐ und Tungsten‐Catalyzed Hydrostannations
Authors: Wesquet Alexander O. , Kazmaier Uli 
Published: June 2009

Abstractmagnified imageA series of (isonitrile)tungsten carbonyl complexes of type W(CO)m(CNR)n has been synthesized and evaluated as hydrostannation catalysts. The results are compared with those obtained by the previously reported tri(tert‐butylisonitrile)molybdenum tricarbonyl catalyst, Mo(CO)3(CN‐t‐Bu)3 (=MoBI3). The yields and selectivities strongly depend on the isonitriles used, and with certain substrates better results are obtained compared to the molybdenum catalyst. No side products are observed in hydrostannations under microwave irradiation or when the reactions are carried out under an atmosphere of carbon monoxide. Based on these findings, a mechanistic rational is given, explaining the different pathways responsible for the formation of hydrostannation or distannation products.
Catalytic Asymmetric Cycloaddition of Carbon Dioxide and Propylene Oxide Using Novel Chiral Polymers of BINOL‐Salen‐ Cobalt(III) Salts
Authors: Yan Peng , Jing Huanwang 
Published: June 2009

Abstractmagnified imageFour new chiral polymers of BINOL‐Salen‐cobalt(III) salt complexes have been designed, synthesized and applied to the direct fabrication of chiral propylene carbonate from racemic propylene oxide. The (R/S)‐polymer catalyst 2 and (S/R)‐polymer catalyst 4 exhibit better enantioselectivity than the (R/R)‐polymer catalyst 1 and the (S/S)‐polymer catalyst 3 and have been recovered and reused more than ten times without loss of activity and enantioselectivity.
Grooming in mandrills and the time frame of reciprocal partner choice
Authors: Schino Gabriele , Pellegrini Barbara 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn this study, we examined the time frame of reciprocal partner choice in the grooming interactions of captive mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx) in order to test the hypothesis that the cognitive limitations of primates constrain the occurrence of reciprocation to short time intervals. In contrast to this hypothesis, mandrills groomed preferentially those individuals that groomed them more even when cases of immediate reciprocation were excluded from the analysis. These results show that mandrills were not limited to reciprocating grooming over short time intervals. It is proposed that a system of emotional bookkeeping may support the ability of primates to reciprocate over long time frames. Am. J. Primatol. 71:884–888, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
What corporations need to know about how to install an integrated conflict management system
Authors: Katz Deborah A. , Cohen Judith 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn the second of two parts, Deborah A. Katz, of the U.S. Transportation Security Administration, discusses how the agency's recent conflict management system development encourages better communication and operations. The focus this month is on adapting the system to other business settings. She is interviewed by New York conflict resolution consultant Judith Cohen.
Strukturbasis und Enzymmechanismus der Biosynthese von C9‐ aus C10‐monoterpenoiden Indol‐Alkaloiden
Authors: Yang Liuqing , Hill Marco , Wang Meitian , Panjikar Santosh , Stöckigt Joachim 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAlle Neune: Die dreidimensionale Struktur der Polyneuridinaldehyd‐Esterase (PNAE) gibt einen Einblick in den Enzymmechanismus der Biosynthese von C9‐ aus C10‐monoterpenoiden Indol‐Alkaloiden (siehe Schema). PNAE ist eine sehr substratspezifische Serin‐Esterase. Sie enthält die katalytische Triade S87‐D216‐H244 und ist ein neues Mitglied der Superfamilie der α/β‐Hydrolasen, allerdings mit einer neuartigen Funktion: der Diversifizierung von Alkaloidstrukturen.magnified image
An [(NHC)(NHCEWG)RuCl2(CHPh)] Complex for the Efficient Formation of Sterically Hindered Olefins by Ring‐Closing Metathesis
Authors: Vorfalt Tim , Leuthäußer Steffen , Plenio Herbert 
Published: June 2009

AbstractEin NHC mit EWGs für die RCM: Ein Rutheniumkomplex mit zwei unterschiedlichen N‐heterocyclischen Carbenliganden (NHCs), von denen einer mit elektronenziehenden Gruppen (EWGs) substituiert ist, ist ein hoch effizienter (Prä‐)Katalysator für die Synthese tri‐ und tetrasubstituierter Olefine durch Ringschlussmetathese (RCM; siehe Schema).magnified image
Liquid‐Crystalline Phases Made of Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Wojcik Michal , Lewandowski Wiktor , Matraszek Joanna , Mieczkowski Jozef , Borysiuk Jolanta , Pociecha Damian , Gorecka Ewa 
Published: June 2009

AbstractDie spontane Bildung von smektischen und kolumnaren Strukturen wurde beobachtet, wenn sphärische Goldnanopartikel mit mesogenen Thiolen funktionalisiert wurden (siehe Schichtstruktur und Röntgenbeugungsmuster einer Probe mit smektischer Phase). Die Verringerung des Interpartikelpotentials und die Flexibilität der Pfropfschicht sind für die strukturierte Anordnung der Partikel entscheidend.magnified image
A Synthesis of an Ionomycin Calcium Complex
Authors: Gao Zhanghua , Li Yingfa , Cooksey John P. , Snaddon Thomas N. , Schunk Stefan , Viseux Eddy M. E. , McAteer Stephen M. , Kocienski Philip J. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractMit Kupfer, Gold und Rhodium zum Calciumkomplex von Ionomycin (siehe Struktur; O rot, Ca grün): Dafür wurde die effiziente Synthese eines Allens durch eine CuI‐vermittelte anti‐selektive SN2′‐Reaktion mit einer hoch stereoselektiven AuIII‐katalysierten Cycloisomerisierung eines α‐Hydroxyallens und einer Rh‐katalysierten Umlagerung eines α‐Diazo‐β‐hydroxyketons kombiniert.magnified image
Titelbild: Toroidal Micelles of Uniform Size from Diblock Copolymers (Angew. Chem. 25/2009)
Authors: Huang Haiying , Chung Bonghoon , Jung Jueun , Park Hae‐Woong , Chang Taihyun 
Published: June 2009

AbstractRein toroidale Micellen mit sehr einheitlicher Form und Größe stellen T. Chang et al. in der Zuschrift auf S. 4664 ff. vor. Die Donut‐förmigen Micellen entstehen durch spontane Selbstorganisation eines Polyisopren‐block‐poly(2‐vinylpyridin)‐Copolymers und sind stabil genug, um als Templat für das Wachsen von Goldnanopartikeln entlang der Ringoberfläche zu dienen.magnified image
Innentitelbild: Multicompartmental Microcylinders (Angew. Chem. 25/2009)
Authors: Bhaskar Srijanani , Hitt Jonathon , Chang Sei‐Won Laura , Lahann Joerg 
Published: June 2009

AbstractMikrozylinder mit mehreren Kompartimenten lassen sich mit einer Kombination aus elektrohydrodynamischem Spinnen und Mikroabtrennen herstellen, wie J. Lahann et al. in der Zuschrift auf S. 4659 ff. beschreiben. Die Zahl der einzelnen Kompartimente, ihre relative Orientierung, chemische Zusammensetzung und Funktionalität sowie das Seitenverhältnis können maßgeschneidert eingestellt werden. Jede Farbe in den Längs‐ und Querschnitt‐Mikrographen entspricht einem individuellen Kompartiment.magnified image
Liquid‐Crystalline Phases Made of Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Wojcik Michal , Lewandowski Wiktor , Matraszek Joanna , Mieczkowski Jozef , Borysiuk Jolanta , Pociecha Damian , Gorecka Ewa 
Published: June 2009

AbstractSpontaneous formation of smectic and columnar structures was observed when spherical gold nanoparticles were functionalized with mesogenic thiols (see layered structure and X‐ray pattern of a sample in smectic phase). The particle ordering is stimulated by softening of the interparticle potential and flexibility for deformation of the grafting layer.magnified image