bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TOXICITY AND FEEDING DETERRENCY OF HYDROXAMIC ACIDS FROM GRAMINEAE IN SYNTHETIC DIETS AGAINST THE GREENBUG, SCHIZAPHIS GRAMINUM
Authors: ARGANDOÑA VICTOR H. , CORCUERA LUIS J. , NIEMEYER HERMANN M. , CAMPBELL BRUCE C. 
Published: April 2011

2,4‐Dihydroxy‐7‐methoxy‐1,4‐benzoxazin‐3‐one (DIMBOA), the main hydroxamic acid isolated from maize extracts, increased the mortality of Schizaphis graminum when fed in artificial diets. Electrically‐monitored feeding assays showed that DIMBOA acted as a feeding deterrent at concentrations as low as 1 mM. On 12 mM DIMBOA diets, feeding by aphids was completely inhibited. Additional feeding experiments showed that when DIMBOA was ingested there was an increase in aphid mortality relative to that of aphids which did not ingest the compound. Thus, the deleterious effects of DIMBOA on aphids are due to feeding deterrency and toxicity. The 2‐ß‐0 glucoside of DIMBOA (DIMBOA‐Glc), the form in which DIMBOA naturally occurs in Gramineae, had a slight effect on lowering aphid survival and an appreciable feeding‐deterrent effect on diet‐fed aphids. The relevance of the effects of DIMBOA and DIMBOA‐Glc on aphids to resistance of certain graminaceous crops against aphids is discussed.RÉSUMÉToxicité et répulsion provoquées par des acides hydroxamiques de Gramineae dans des régimes synthétiques sur le puceron Schizaphis graminumLa 2,4‐dihydroxy‐6‐metoxy‐1,4‐benzoxazin‐3‐one (DIMBOA), acide hydroxamique le plus abondant dans des extraits de maïs, accroi&#x030c;t la mortalité du puceron Schizaphis graminum nourri artificiellement. Des essais d'alimentation contr&#x006f;&#x030c;lés par des moyens électriques démontrent que DIMBOA agit comme un répulsif, měme à la concentration de 1 mM; dans des régimes à 12 mM, l'alimentation des pucerons est supprimée. Des expériences complémentaires indiquent une augmentation de la mortalité des individus nourris avec DIMBOA par rapport aux témoins. Par conséquent, les effets nuisibles de DIMBOA sur les pucerons sont dus à sa répulsion. Le 2‐ß‐0‐glucoside de DIMBOA (DIMBOA‐Glc) a un effet important de répulsion sur les pucerons nourris artificiellement, mais affecte peu leur survie. L'importance des effets des DIMBOA et DIMBOA‐Glc sur les pucerons par rapport à la resistance des céréales contre ces insectes est discutée.
COMPARISON OF MOVEMENT BEHAVIOR OF THREE STRAINS OF GERMAN COCKROACH, BLATTELLA GERMANICA
Authors: AKERS RODNEY C. , ROBINSON WILLIAM H. 
Published: April 2011

Few comparisons of dispersal or locomotory ability have been made between field and laboratory‐reared German cockroaches, Blattella germanica (L.). The objective of the research presented here was to compare the nocturnal movement of 3 strains of German cockroach: blackbody mutant (BB), VPI‐Normal (WL), and a field strain (F). The movement behavior was studied in an observation chamber where the number of squares entered by an adult coackroach in a given time period was scored.Earned movement points for F strain cockroaches were twice the amount earned by both laboratory‐reared strains (BB, WL). Analysis of the movement points indicated that the F strain adults moved significantly more (P ≤ 0.001) than the BB or WL strain adults. The use of BB and WL German cockroach adults to study German cockroach dispersal may require a correction factor to make up the difference between laboratory and field strains.RÉSUMÉComparaison du comportement locomoteur de 3 souches de Blattella germanicaPeu de comparaisons ont porté sur la dispersion et l'aptitude à la locomotion des Blattella germanica de la nature et d'élevage. L'objectif de ce travail est de comparer les mouvements nocturnes de 3 souches de B. germanica: mutant au corps noir (BB), normal VPI (WL) et une souche de la nature (F). Le comportement locomoteur a été étudié dans une cage d'observation où a été noté le nombre de cases dans lesquelles un adulte est entré en un temps donné. Le nombre obtenu avec la souche F était le double de ceux des souches de laboratoire BB ou WL. L'analyse a indiqué que les adultes de la souche F se déplaçaient significativement plus (P ≤ 0.001) que ceux des souches BB ou WL. L'utilisation d'adultes des souches BB ou WL pour étudier la dispersion de B. germanica peut nécessiter un facteur de correction pour combler la différence entre les souches de laboratoire et des souches de la nature.
Chest pain in rural communities; balancing decisions and distance
Authors: Baker Tim , McCoombe Scott , Mercer‐Grant Cate , Brumby Susan 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjective: This pilot study examines the prevalence of cardiac risk factors in a cohort of agricultural workers, assesses their knowledge of local emergency health services and investigates their decision‐making abilities with regard to when and how they would seek help when experiencing chest pain.Methods: Farm men and women were recruited from 20 rural Victorian sites and underwent health assessments for total cholesterol, blood glucose, weight, height and blood pressure. Participants completed a survey to determine their knowledge of chest pain treatment, local emergency services and likely response to chest pain.Results: Cardiac risk factors within this cohort of 186 adult farming men and women were common, with 61% of men (58/95, 95% confidence interval [CI] 51–70) and 74% of women (68/91, 95% CI 65–83) either overweight or obese. When asked to name their nearest ED, 10% of participants (19/184, 95% CI 7–16) nominated health services or towns where no ED exists. Furthermore, 67% of respondents (123/185, 95% CI 59–73) believed it was safe to travel to hospital by car while potentially having a myocardial infarction.Conclusions: This cohort of agricultural workers were at considerable risk of experiencing acute coronary events, but many would make decisions about when and how to seek medical help for chest pain that are at odds with published community guidelines. These results highlight the need for education to improve knowledge of local emergency services and address behavioural barriers to accessing care.
Artesunate Tolerance in Transgenic Plasmodium falciparum Parasites Overexpressing a Tryptophan-Rich Protein
Authors: Deplaine Guillaume , Lavazec Catherine , Bischoff Emmanuel , Natalang Onguma , Perrot Sylvie , Guillotte-Blisnick Micheline , Coppée Jean-Yves , Pradines Bruno , Mercereau-Puijalon Odile , David Peter H. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

Due to their rapid, potent action on young and mature intraerythrocytic stages, artemisinin derivatives are central to drug combination therapies for
Plasmodium falciparum
malaria. However, the evidence for emerging parasite resistance/tolerance to artemisinins in southeast Asia is of great concern. A better understanding of artemisinin-related drug activity and resistance mechanisms is urgently needed. A recent transcriptome study of parasites exposed to artesunate led us to identify a series of genes with modified levels of expression in the presence of the drug. The gene presenting the largest mRNA level increase,
Pf10_0026
(
PArt
), encoding a hypothetical protein of unknown function, was chosen for further study. Immunodetection with PArt-specific sera showed that artesunate induced a dose-dependent increase of the protein level. Bioinformatic analysis showed that
PArt
belongs to a
Plasmodium
-specific gene family characterized by the presence of a tryptophan-rich domain with a novel hidden Markov model (HMM) profile. Gene disruption could not be achieved, suggesting an essential function. Transgenic parasites overexpressing PArt protein were generated and exhibited tolerance to a spike exposure to high doses of artesunate, with increased survival and reduced growth retardation compared to that of wild-type-treated controls. These data indicate the involvement of
PArt
in parasite defense mechanisms against artesunate. This is the first report of genetically manipulated parasites displaying a stable and reproducible decreased susceptibility to artesunate, providing new possibilities to investigate the parasite response to artemisinins.
In Vitro and In Vivo Profiles of ACH-702, an Isothiazoloquinolone, against Bacterial Pathogens
Authors: Pucci Michael J. , Podos Steven D. , Thanassi Jane A. , Leggio Melissa J. , Bradbury Barton J. , Deshpande Milind 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

ACH-702, a novel isothiazoloquinolone (ITQ), was assessed for antibacterial activity against a panel of Gram-positive and Gram-negative clinical isolates and found to possess broad-spectrum activity, especially against antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive strains, including methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA). For Gram-negative bacteria, ACH-702 showed exceptional potency against
Haemophilus influenzae
,
Moraxella catarrhalis
, and a
Neisseria
sp. but was less active against members of the
Enterobacteriaceae
. Good antibacterial activity was also evident against several anaerobes as well as
Legionella pneumophila
and
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
. Excellent bactericidal activity was observed for ACH-702 against several bacterial pathogens in time-kill assays, and postantibiotic effects (PAEs) of >1 h were evident with both laboratory and clinical strains of staphylococci at 10× MIC and similar in most cases to those observed for moxifloxacin at the same MIC multiple.
In vivo
efficacy was demonstrated against
S. aureus
with murine sepsis and thigh infection models, with decreases in the number of CFU/thigh equal to or greater than those observed after vancomycin treatment. Macromolecular synthesis assays showed specific dose-dependent inhibition of DNA replication in staphylococci, and biochemical analyses indicated potent dual inhibition of two essential DNA replication enzymes: DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. Additional biological data in support of an effective dual targeting mechanism of action include the following: low MIC values (≤0.25 μg/ml) against staphylococcal strains with single mutations in both
gyrA
and
grlA
(
parC
), retention of good antibacterial activity (MICs of ≤0.5 μg/ml) against staphylococcal strains with two mutations in both
gyrA
and
grlA
, and low frequencies for the selection of higher-level resistance (<10
−10
). These promising initial data support further study of isothiazoloquinolones as potential clinical candidates.
Intravenous Peramivir for Treatment of Influenza A and B Virus Infection in High-Risk Patients
Authors: Kohno Shigeru , Kida Hiroshi , Mizuguchi Masashi , Hirotsu Nobuo , Ishida Tadashi , Kadota Junichi , Shimada Jingoro ,   the S-021812 Clinical Study Group
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTInfluenza virus infections are known to persist longer in patients with underlying diseases, including respiratory tract diseases, and tend to become complicated by secondary influenza-associated infections, such as pneumonia. To assess the efficacy and safety of the novel anti-influenza virus drug peramivir in high-risk patients, we conducted a clinical trial of patients with diabetes or chronic respiratory tract diseases and patients being treated with drugs that suppress immune function. In this multicenter, uncontrolled, randomized, double-blind study, peramivir was intravenously administered at 300 or 600 mg/day for 1 to 5 days, as needed. Efficacy was investigated in 37 patients (300 mg,n= 18 patients; 600 mg,n= 19 patients). The median durations of influenza illness were 68.6 h (90% confidence interval, 41.5 to 113.4 h) overall, 114.4 h (90% confidence interval, 40.2 to 235.3 h) in the 300-mg group, and 42.3 h (90% confidence interval, 30.0 to 82.7 h) in the 600-mg group. The hazard ratio for the 600-mg group compared to the 300-mg group was 0.497 (90% confidence interval, 0.251 to 0.984), and the duration of influenza illness was significantly shorter in the 600-mg group than in the 300-mg group. Among the 42 patients in the safety analysis set, adverse events occurred in 73.8% and adverse drug reactions in 33.3%. No adverse events were particularly problematic clinically, and all patients recovered quickly from all events. The measured blood drug concentrations showed no tendency toward accumulation. Drug accumulation with repeated doses was thus considered to be of little concern. Intravenous peramivir appears to offer a potentially useful treatment for high-risk patients in the future.
Efficacy of Simulated Cefditoren versus Amoxicillin-Clavulanate Free Concentrations in Countering Intrastrain
ftsI
Gene Diffusion in Haemophilus influenzae
Authors: González Natalia , Aguilar Lorenzo , Sevillano David , Giménez Maria-Jose , Alou Luis , Cafini Fabio , Torrico Martha , López Ana-Maria , Coronel Pilar , Prieto Jose 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

This study explores the effects of cefditoren (CDN) versus amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (AMC) on the evolution (within a single strain) of total and recombined populations derived from intrastrain
ftsI
gene diffusion in β-lactamase-positive (BL
+
) and β-lactamase-negative (BL
−
)
Haemophilus influenzae
. DNA from β-lactamase-negative, ampicillin-resistant (BLNAR) isolates (DNA
BLNAR
) and from β-lactamase-positive, amoxicillin-clavulanate-resistant (BLPACR) (DNA
BLPACR
) isolates was extracted and added to a 10
7
-CFU/ml suspension of one BL
+
strain (CDN MIC, 0.007 μg/ml; AMC MIC, 1 μg/ml) or one BL
−
strain (CDN MIC, 0.015 μg/ml; AMC MIC, 0.5 μg/ml) in
Haemophilus
Test Medium (HTM). The mixture was incubated for 3 h and was then inoculated into a two-compartment computerized device simulating free concentrations of CDN (400 mg twice a day [b.i.d.]) or AMC (875 and 125 mg three times a day [t.i.d.]) in serum over 24 h. Controls were antibiotic-free simulations. Colony counts were performed; the total population and the recombined population were differentiated; and postsimulation MICs were determined. At time zero, the recombined population was 0.00095% of the total population. In controls, the BL
−
and BL
+
total populations and the BL
−
recombined population increased (from ≈3 log
10
to 4.5 to 5 log
10
), while the BL
+
recombined population was maintained in simulations with DNA
BLPACR
and was decreased by ≈2 log
10
with DNA
BLNAR
. CDN was bactericidal (percentage of the dosing interval for which experimental antibiotic concentrations exceeded the MIC [
ft
>MIC], >88%), and no recombined populations were detected from 4 h on. AMC was bactericidal against BL
−
strains (
ft
>MIC, 74.0%) in DNA
BLNAR
and DNA
BLPACR
simulations, with a small final recombined population (MIC, 4 μg/ml;
ft
>MIC, 30.7%) in DNA
BLPACR
simulations. When AMC was used against the BL
+
strain (in DNA
BLNAR
or DNA
BLPACR
simulations), the bacterial load was reduced ≈2 log
10
(
ft
>MIC, 44.3%), but 6.3% and 32% of the total population corresponded to a recombined population (MIC, 16 μg/ml;
ft
>MIC, 0%) in DNA
BLNAR
and DNA
BLPACR
simulations, respectively. AMC, but not CDN, unmasked BL
+
recombined populations obtained by transformation.
ft
>MIC values higher than those classically considered for bacteriological response are needed to counter intrastrain
ftsI
gene diffusion by covering recombined populations.
Potential of Recombinant Opa Proteins as Vaccine Candidates against Hyperinvasive Meningococci
Authors: Callaghan M. J. , Lewis S. , Sadarangani M. , Bailey S. E. S. , Chan H. , Ferguson D. J. P. , Derrick J. P. , Feavers I. , Maiden M. C. , Pollard A. J. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTNeisseria meningitidiscauses half a million cases of septicemia and meningitis globally each year. The opacity (Opa) integral outer membrane proteins fromN. meningitidisare polymorphic and highly immunogenic. Particular combinations of Opa proteins are associated with the hyperinvasive meningococcal lineages that have caused the majority of serogroup B and C meningococcal disease in industrialized countries over the last 60 years. For the first time, this genetic structuring of a diverse outer membrane protein family has been used to select a novel combination of representative antigens for immunogenicity testing. Fourteen recombinant Opa variants were produced and used in murine immunizations inducing an increase in specific antimeningococcal total IgG levels. All 14 Opa proteins elicited bactericidal antibodies against at least one hyperinvasive meningococcal isolate, and most isolates from each hyperinvasive lineage were killed by at least one Opa antiserum at a titer of 1:16 or greater. Cross-reactive bactericidal antibody responses were observed among clonal complexes. A theoretical coverage of 90% can be achieved by using a particular combination of 6 Opa proteins against an isolate collection of 227 recent United Kingdom disease cases. This study indicates the potential of Opa proteins to provide broad coverage against multiple meningococcal hyperinvasive lineages.
Benzyl Isothiocyanate Inhibits Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Cultured and Xenografted Human Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Sehrawat Anuradha , Singh Shivendra V. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
We showed previously that cruciferous vegetable constituent benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) inhibits growth of cultured and xenografted human breast cancer cells and suppresses mammary cancer development in a transgenic mouse model. We now show, for the first time, that BITC inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human breast cancer cells. Exposure of estrogen-independent MDA-MB-231 and estrogen-responsive MCF-7 human breast cancer cell lines and a pancreatic cancer cell line (PL-45) to BITC resulted in upregulation of epithelial markers (e.g., E-cadherin and/or occludin) with a concomitant decrease in protein levels of mesenchymal markers, including vimentin, fibronectin, snail, and/or c-Met. The BITC-mediated induction of E-cadherin protein was accompanied by an increase in its transcription, whereas BITC-treated MDA-MB-231 cells exhibited suppression of vimentin, snail, and slug mRNA levels. Experimental EMT induced by exposure to TGFβ and TNFα or Rb knockdown in a spontaneously immortalized nontumorigenic human mammary epithelial cell line (MCF-10A) was also partially reversed by BITC treatment. The TGFβ-/TNFα-induced migration of MCF-10A cells was inhibited in the presence of BITC, which was partially attenuated by RNA interference of E-cadherin. Inhibition of MDA-MB-231 xenograft growth in vivo in female athymic mice by BITC administration was associated with an increase in protein level of E-cadherin and suppression of vimentin and fibronectin protein expression. In conclusion, this study reports a novel anticancer effect of BITC involving inhibition of EMT, a process triggered during progression of cancer to invasive state. Cancer Prev Res; 4(7); 1107–17. ©2011 AACR.
ACCF/AHA/HFSA 2011 Survey Results: Current Staffing Profile of Heart Failure Programs, Including Programs That Perform Heart Transplant and Mechanical Circulatory Support Device Implantation
Authors: Jessup Mariell , Albert Nancy M. , Lanfear David E. , Lindenfeld JoAnn , Massie Barry M. , Walsh Mary Norine , Zucker Mark J. 
Published: April 2011

Objectives—
There have been no published recommendations about staffing needs for a heart failure (HF) clinic or an office setting focused on heart transplant. The goal of this survey was to understand the current staffing environment of HF, transplant, and mechanical circulatory support device (MCSD) programs in the United States and abroad. This report identifies current staffing patterns but does not endorse a particular staffing model.

Methods—
An online survey, jointly sponsored by the American College of Cardiology Foundation (ACCF), American Heart Association (AHA), and the Heart Failure Society of America (HFSA), was sent to the members of all 3 organizations who had identified themselves as interested in HF, heart transplant, or both, between March 12, 2009, and May 12, 2009.

Results—
The overall response rate to the 1823 e-mail surveys was 23%. There were 257 unique practices in the United States (81% of total sites) and 58 international sites (19%); approximately 30% of centers were in a cardiovascular group practice and 30% in a medical school hospital setting. The large majority of practices delivered HF care in both an inpatient and outpatient environment, and slightly more centers were implanting MCSDs (47%) than performing cardiac transplantation (39%). Most practices (43%) were small, with <4 staff members, or small- to medium-sized (34%), with 4 to 10 staff members, with only 23% being medium (11–20 staff) or large programs (>20 staff). On average, a US HF practice cared for 1641 outpatients annually. An average HF program with transplant performed 10 transplants. Although larger programs were able to perform more transplants and see more outpatient HF visits, their clinician staffing volume tended to double for approximately every 500 to 700 additional HF visits annually. The average staffing utilization was 2.65 physician full-time equivalents (FTEs), 2.21 nonphysician practitioner (nurse practitioner or physician assistant) FTEs, and 2.61 nurse coordinator FTEs annually.

Conclusions—
The HF patient population is growing in number in the United States and internationally, and the clinicians who provide the highly skilled and time-consuming care to this population are under intense scrutiny as a result of focused quality improvement initiatives and reduced financial resources. Staffing guidelines should be developed to ensure that an adequate number of qualified professionals are hired for a given practice volume. These survey results are an initial step in developing such standards.
Protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (Pofut1) regulates lymphoid and myeloid homeostasis through modulation of Notch receptor ligand interactions
Authors: Yao David , Huang Yuanshuai , Huang Xiaoran , Wang Weihuan , Yan Quanjian , Wei Lebing , Xin Wei , Gerson Stanton , Stanley Pamela , Lowe John B. , Zhou Lan 
Published: April 2011

AbstractNotch signaling is essential for lymphocyte development and is also implicated in myelopoiesis. Notch receptors are modified by O-fucosylation catalyzed by protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (Pofut1). Fringe enzymes add N-acetylglucosamine to O-fucose and modify Notch signaling by altering the sensitivity of Notch receptors to Notch ligands. To address physiologic functions in hematopoiesis of Notch modified by O-fucose glycans, we examined mice with inducible inactivation of Pofut1 using Mx-Cre. These mice exhibited a reduction in T lymphopoiesis and in the production of marginal-zone B cells, in addition to myeloid hyperplasia. Restoration of Notch1 signaling rescued T lymphopoiesis and the marrow myeloid hyperplasia. After marrow transfer, both cell-autonomous and environmental cues were found to contribute to lymphoid developmental defects and myeloid hyperplasia in Pofut1-deleted mice. Although Pofut1 deficiency slightly decreased cell surface expression of Notch1 and Notch2, it completely abrogated the binding of Notch receptors with Delta-like Notch ligands and suppressed downstream Notch target activation, indicating that O-fucose glycans are critical for efficient Notch-ligand binding that transduce Notch signals. The combined data support a key role for the O-fucose glycans generated by Pofut1 in Notch regulation of hematopoietic homeostasis through modulation of Notch-ligand interactions.