bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation Into Novel Mukanadin B, Mukanadin D and Mukanadin F Derivatives as Antagonists of 5‐HT1A Signalling
Authors: Rees Shaun W. P. , Rees Tayla A. , van Rensburg Michelle , Walker Christopher S. , Pilkington Lisa I. , Barker David 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMarine bromopyrrole alkaloids are a diverse family of natural products with a large array of biological applications. The mukanadin family is a group of molecules consisting of seven members (mukanadin A‐G) that possess a range of biological activities. Inhibition of serotonergic signaling has been demonstrated by mukanadin B derivatives, presenting this chemical scaffold as a candidate for further SAR exploration. A library of thirteen novel mukanadin B and D derivatives with structural variation targeted at the pyrrole ring, central linker and hydantoin ring, were synthesized. These analogues were subsequently assessed for serotonergic antagonism, in addition to natural products, mukanadin B, D, F and 9‐hydroxy mukanadin B. A collection of compounds exhibited significant 5‐HT1A signaling, including five of the novel derivatives and two of the naturally occurring bromopyrroles, mukanadin B and F. Particular SAR information could be determined from these results, such as modification of the pyrrole ring being a well‐tolerated strategy for improving serotonergic inhibition. Other changes to the pharmacophore led to significant reduction in activity such as saturation of the linker region, or no conclusive improvement in inhibitory activity such as a 9‐OH group or replacement of the hydantoin ring with a triazole moiety.
Selective Deep Hydrogenation of Acenaphthene to High‐Density Fuel On Supported Ru Catalysts: The Role of Strong Metal‐Support Interaction
Authors: Guo Zhen , Niu Xiaopo , Liu Danni , Wu Guiling , Zhao Wenli , Qin Yue , Zhang Kaige , Jiang Nan , Zhang Xiangwen , Wang Qingfa 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDeveloping high‐performance aviation fuel is highly desired for the rapid development of supersonic aircraft. Herein, selective deep hydrogenation of polycyclic aromatics to a high‐density fuel is developed over a Ru‐based catalyst. The influences of strong Ru‐support interaction on tailoring the reaction pathways of acenaphthene hydrogenation were investigated using different oxide supports (SiO2, CeO2, TiO2). Ru/CeO2 and Ru/TiO2 with strong SMSI possess abundant electron‐deficient Ruδ+ species which exhibit a good ability to promote H2 dissociation and increase the isomerization rate of saturated aromatic compounds. Due to the enhanced adsorption of aromatic molecules, Ru/CeO2 (1.30 μmol min−1 g−1) exhibits superior catalytic activity in comparison to Ru/TiO2 (1.25 μmol min−1 g−1) during acenaphthene hydrosaturation, while Ru/TiO2 exhibits the highest isomerization reaction rate (7.60×10−2 μmol min−1 g−1) because of its excellent hydrogen spillover ability and high content of Ruδ+ species. The best catalytic activity with 96 % selectivity of ccc‐perhydroacenaphthene was achieved on Ru/TiO2, and an isomerization mechanism of perhydroacenaphthene isomers was proposed.
High throughput screening aids clinical decision‐making in refractory acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Jessop S. J. , Fuentos‐Bolanos N. , Mayoh C. , Dolman M. E. M. , Tax G. , Wong‐Erasmus M. , Ajuyah P. , Tyrell V. , Marshall G. M. , Ziegler D. S. , Lau L. M. S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundDespite advances in therapeutics for adverse‐risk acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), overall survival remains poor, especially in refractory disease. Comprehensive tumour profiling and pre‐clinical drug testing can identify effective personalised therapies.CaseWe describe a case of ETV6‐MECOM fusion‐positive refractory AML, where molecular analysis and in vitro high throughput drug screening identified a tolerable, novel targeted therapy and provided rationale for avoiding what could have been a toxic treatment regimen. Ruxolitinib combined with hydroxyurea led to disease control and enhanced quality‐of‐life in a patient unsuitable for intensified chemotherapy or allogeneic stem cell transplantation.ConclusionThis case report demonstrates the feasibility and role of combination pre‐clinical high throughput screening to aid decision making in high‐risk leukaemia. It also demonstrates the role a JAK1/2 inhibitor can have in the palliative setting in select patients with AML.
A Comparative Study of the Effects of Different Crosslinking Methods on the Physicochemical Properties of Collagen Multifilament Bundles
Authors: Rasouli Rahimeh , Yaghoobi Hessameddin , Frampton John 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCrosslinking is usually required to improve the mechanical properties and stability of collagen‐based scaffolds. Introducing exogenous crosslinks into collagen may however affect the collagen structure. Since the architecture of collagen is tied to its functionality, it is important to study the effect of crosslinking and to select a crosslinking method that preserves both the collagen structure and mechanical properties. The objective of this study is to compare the effect of various crosslinking methods on the structure and mechanical properties of bioartificial tendon‐like materials (collagen multifilament bundles) fabricated by contact drawing. We examine both physical (ultraviolet light, UVC) and chemical (genipin, carbodiimide (EDC), and glutaraldehyde) crosslinking methods. The presence of collagen and the formation of well‐ordered collagen structures are confirmed by attenuated total reflectance Fourier‐transform infrared spectromicroscopy and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering for all crosslinking methods. The morphology of the collagen multifilament bundles is similar across crosslinking methods. Swelling of the multifilament bundles is dramatically reduced following crosslinking and varies by crosslinking method, with genipin‐ and carbodiimide‐crosslinked specimens swelling the least. Ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and Young's modulus significantly improve for all crosslinked specimens compared to non‐crosslinked specimens. Glutaraldehyde crosslinked collagen multifilament bundles display the highest UTS values ranging from 33.82±0.0 MPa to 45.59±0.76 MPa.
Daily Levels and Dynamic Metrics of Affective–Cognitive Constructs Associate With Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviours in Adults After Psychiatric Hospitalization
Authors: Wallace Gemma T. , Brick Leslie A. , Provost Emily Mower , Peters Jessica R. , Miller Ivan W. , Schatten Heather T. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTThe period after psychiatric hospitalization is an extraordinarily high‐risk period for suicidal thoughts and behaviours (STBs). Affective–cognitive constructs (ACCs) are salient risk factors for STBs, and intensive longitudinal metrics of these constructs may improve personalized risk detection and intervention. However, limited research has examined how within‐person daily levels and between‐person dynamic metrics of ACCs relate to STBs after hospital discharge. Adult psychiatric inpatients (N = 95) completed a 65‐day ecological momentary assessment protocol after discharge as part of a 6‐month follow‐up period. Using dynamic structural equation models, we examined both within‐person daily levels and between‐person dynamic metrics (intensity, variability and inertia) of positive and negative affect, rumination, distress intolerance and emotion dysregulation as risk factors for STBs. Within‐person lower daily levels of positive affect and higher daily levels of negative affect, rumination, distress intolerance and emotion dysregulation were risk factors for next‐day suicidal ideation (SI). Same‐day within‐person higher rumination and negative affect were also risk factors for same‐day SI. At the between‐person level, higher overall positive affect was protective against active SI and suicidal behaviour over the 6‐month follow‐up, while greater variability of rumination and distress intolerance increased risk for active SI, suicidal behaviour and suicide attempt. The present study provides the most comprehensive examination to date of intensive longitudinal metrics of ACCs as risk factors for STBs. Results support the continued use of intensive longitudinal methods to improve STB risk detection. Interventions focusing on rumination and distress intolerance may specifically help to prevent suicidal crises during critical transitions in care.
Evaluation and selection of cassava clones and exploitation of genetic covariance across multiple environments
Authors: Santos Vanderlei da Silva , Pereira Helcio Duarte , Abreu Guilherme Barbosa , Santiago Carlos Martins 
Published: April 2024

AbstractClonal evaluation trials of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), where the main selection of this crop takes place, are usually carried out in multiple environments. This study investigated the influence of genotype–environment (GE) interaction on selection and how to explore genetic information across environments in a mixed model approach by modeling different genetic covariance structures. Approximately 240 cassava clones were assessed in an augmented block design during the 2020/2021 growing season in Brazil. The unstructured model was the best suited and used to investigate several strategies of selection. The predicted genetic gains based on individual analyses varied greatly among environments (5.52%–12.62% for root yield; 1.00%–6.09% for dry matter content; and 4.01%–9.42% for dry matter yield), although the clones mean was similar. Moreover, most of the selected clones in each environment outperformed the best check (>80%), except for root yield and dry matter yield in one environment. By multi‐environment analysis, greater local gains were detected in each environment (means of 16.87% for root yield, 5.56% for dry matter content, and 17.27% for dry matter yield) and for mean heritability (0.52 for root yield, 0.76 for dry matter content, and 0.55 for dry matter yield). The coincidence of clones selected by individual and multi‐environment analyses was 64% for root yield, 73% for dry matter content, and 66% for dry matter yield. The best scenario for selection is when all environments are considered simultaneously, for which regional genetic gains of 16.71% were predicted for root yield, 5.40% for dry matter content, and 17.06% for dry matter yield.
Rational Conversion of Imine Linkages to Amide Linkages in Covalent Organic Frameworks for Photocatalytic Oxidation with Enhanced Photostability
Authors: Xue Rui , Liu Yin‐Sheng , Wang Ming‐Yue , Guo Hao , Yang Wu , Guo Ji‐Xi , Yang Guo‐Yu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) and their applications in photocatalysis have been extensively studied, but the instability of imine‐linked COFs is an important factor limiting their performance. In this work, two imine‐linked COFs were successfully converted to amide‐linked COFs through post synthetic modification (PSM). The oxidized COFs presented lower binding energy to O2, exhibited higher photocatalytic activity for oxidation of thioethers and coupling of benzylamines with excellent stability. The present work can serve as a reliable reference for the development of novel highly active and stable COF‐based photocatalysts.
Deep improved bidirectional long short‐term memory‐based antenna selection for multiple input multiple output software defined radio system
Authors: Chilveri Purushottam G. 
Published: April 2024

SummaryMultiple input multiple output (MIMO) constitutes a wireless approach that employs several senders and receivers in order to send numerous data at once. Due to the rapid increase of cellular mobile device usage and the limitation of computing power, antenna selection (AS) has attracted more and more attention recently. AS can keep a balance between communication performance and computational complexity. In this paper, a novel deep learning (DL)‐based AS for MIMO software defined radio (SDR) system is proposed. The main objective of this work is to select the optimal antennas in MIMO systems to balance the efficiency of communication and maximize the secrecy capacity in massive MIMOME channels. First, we set up a DL‐based AS‐aided MIMO SDR environment that ensures intelligent decisions for AS. Accordingly, the hybrid loss function induced in bidirectional long short term memory (HLFI‐Bi‐LSTM) model is proposed to build the decision server, in which it takes some estimated features as input. The features such as channel state information, received signal strength indicator (RSSI), signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), and antenna gain are considered accordingly as the input to HLFI‐Bi‐LSTM. The HLFI‐Bi‐LSTM model is the extended version of Bi‐LSTM, which is improved by inducing the hybrid loss function, which is the combination of two functions namely, combo loss and inverse mean square error. The proposed HLFI‐Bi‐LSTM attained the greater accuracy value of 0.968 at 80% for optimal selection of the antenna.
The drivers of benthic macroinvertebrates communities along a subtropical river system: Sediments chemistry or water quality?
Authors: Munyai Linton F. , Malungani Annah , Ikudayisi Akinola , Mutoti Mulalo I. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractImpacts of metal pollution, either on water or in sediments within aquatic systems have been a serious challenge globally. Little is known about the ecological impacts of metal pollution on benthic macroinvertebrates species in sub–tropical river systems. The aim of this study was to examine benthic macroinvertebrates community composition in relation to sediment metal concentrations and other physicochemical variables in the Mutshundudi River system. Benthic macroinvertebrates sampling and community composition analysis, sediment collection, processing, metal analysis and assessment of water variables in the river system were done across two seasons at 12 sampling sites. The river was categorized into three segments: upstream, midstream and downstream. The results from geo‐accumulation (Igeo) values showed that sediments were loaded with Na, Zn, and B in all river segments. In comparison with South African water quality guidelines for aquatic ecosystems, water quality ranged from good at upstream sites because of low anthropogenic activities to very poor in downstream sites because of high anthropogenic activities. Sediments from the Mutshundudi River showed significant differences on high concentrations of metals (i.e., Mg, K, Na, and Cu) and seasonal variations. Both water quality and sediment chemistry were considered the driving factors of benthic macroinvertebrates, since species densities and composition reduced with a decline in water and sediment quality during both cool–dry and hot–wet seasons. Continuous build‐up of the metal contaminants, such as Mg, K, Na, and Cu in river sediments may pose adverse impacts on macroinvertebrate community structure.
Catalytic Hydroxyethylation of Phenols with Renewable Ethylene Glycol Diester as an Alternative to Ethylene Oxide
Authors: Luo Yu‐Ji , Li Zhi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPolyol esters are abundant bio‐based resources. Integration of polyol esters into the production chain of fine chemicals would reduce carbon emissions and improve the sustainability of the chemical industry. An efficient synthetic route to phenoxyethanols was developed through catalytic hydroxyethylation of phenols with ethylene glycol diacetate as the reagent. This method showed the potential of ethylene glycol diester as a safe and sustainable substitute for ethylene oxide, a useful but toxic reagent. A variety of phenoxyethanol esters were produced in high yield under simple catalytic conditions. Mechanistic studies revealed that the reaction underwent a neighboring group participation process.
A greedy randomized adaptive search procedure for scheduling IoT tasks in virtualized fog–cloud computing
Authors: Salimi Rezvan , Azizi Sadoon , Abawajy Jemal 
Published: April 2024

AbstractVirtualized fog–cloud computing (VFCC) has emerged as an optimal platform for processing the increasing number of emerging Internet of Things (IoT) applications. VFCC resources are provisioned to IoT applications in the form of virtual machines (VMs). Effectively utilizing VMs for diverse IoT tasks with varying requirements poses a significant challenge due to their heterogeneity in processing power, communication delay, and energy consumption. In addressing this challenge, in this article, we propose a system model for scheduling IoT tasks in VFCCs, considering not only individual task deadlines but also the system's overall energy consumption. Subsequently, we employ a greedy randomized adaptive search procedure (GRASP) to determine the optimal assignment of IoT tasks among VMs. GRASP, a metaheuristic‐based technique, offers appealing characteristics, including simplicity, ease of implementation, a limited number of tuning parameters, and the potential for parallel implementation. Our comprehensive experiments evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, comparing its performance with the most advanced algorithms. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms the existing methods in terms of deadline satisfaction ratio, average response time, energy consumption, and makespan.
How rural school teachers can support the learning adjustment of left‐behind children under the ‘double‐reduction’ policy
Authors: Pi Xuedi , Huang Jianping , Niu Jiong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractQuality‐oriented education under the guidance of the ‘Double Reduction’ policy aims to ensure all children grow in an all‐around way with different backgrounds. However, many left‐behind children (LBC) whose parents work away in cities have a greater tendency toward academic and mental problems compared with non‐left‐behind children. Teachers are the important adults in the lives of the LBC who spend much time staying with each other. This study draws from interviews with 16 rural primary and secondary school teachers. Guided by social support theory, this qualitative research highlighted the importance of teacher support on children's learning adjustment through social support networks. It argued that strategic guidance of teachers targets individuals' difficulties in the environment through emotional support, material support, information support and companionship. Under the ‘Double Reduction’ policy, teachers adopted tiered instruction and offered after‐school services to meet the needs of LBC. Finally, the result revealed that rural teachers help LBC change their learning attitudes, thereby promoting self‐learning ability.
A NICE approach to addressing health inequalities in breast cancer guidance
Authors: Slade Eric , Luckham Kirsty , Owen Lesley 
Published: April 2024

Key points

NICE seeks to reduce health inequalities through its guidance.
NICE uses equality and health inequalities assessment (EHIA) to identify and address health inequalities.
A health inequalities briefing was developed for breast cancer‐related guidance to consider and address health inequalities more systematically.
The committee made recommendations that consider the impact of health inequalities on access and adherence.
Further research is recommended for interventions targeting specific population subgroups.
The health inequalities briefing identified late diagnosis and screening variations as key issues among deprived women and ethnic minority groups, which was passed on to the National Institute for Health and Care Research as a research priority.
Do mother's socialization goals in early childhood predict children's later self?
Authors: Tõugu Pirko , Tamm Anni , Tulviste Tiia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this study, maternal socialization goals in early childhood were linked to qualities of children's self in middle childhood, while also considering maternal education and child gender. Estonian mothers (N = 209; Mage = 33.6; 52.2% had university education) provided ratings of their socialization goals for children (52.2% girls; Mage = 6.2), children's self was gauged 4 years later. The more mothers endorsed social conformity‐related socialization goals, the fewer different autonomy‐related (β = −0.15) and relatedness‐related qualities of self (β = −0.21) their children had in their descriptions of themselves and their autobiographical memories. Mothers' self‐maximization socialization goals were not linked to the qualities of children's self. Mothers without a university degree endorsed social conformity‐related socialization goals more than mothers with a university degree (β = −0.20). Girls referred to more relatedness‐related qualities than boys (β = 0.23). The results show that maternal socialization goals do not always have a straightforward effect on different qualities of children's self. Yet, conformity‐related goals by mothers predict the qualities of children's later self.Highlights
Children's self is predicted by gender and earlier maternal socialization goals.
Mother's social conformity‐related socialization goals predict children's later self.
Self‐maximization related socialization goals are not linked to children's self.
Immunocompromised individuals are at increased risk of COVID‐19 breakthrough infection, hospitalization, and death in the post‐vaccination era: A systematic review
Authors: Bytyci Jola , Ying Yuxin , Lee Lennard Y. W. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionImmunocompromised individuals have been shown to mount a reduced response to vaccination, resulting in reduced vaccine effectiveness in this cohort. Therefore, in the postvaccination era, immunocompromised individuals remain at high risk of breakthrough infection and COVID‐19 related hospitalization and death, which persist despite vaccination efforts. There has been a marked paucity of systematic reviews evaluating existing data describing the clinical measures of efficacy of COVID‐19 vaccination, specifically in immunocompromised populations. In particular, there is a scarcity of comprehensive evaluations exploring breakthrough infections and severe COVID‐19 in this patient population.MethodsTo address this gap, we conducted a systematic review which aimed to provide a summary of current clinical evidence of the effectiveness of COVID‐19 vaccination in the immunocompromised population. Using PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a literature search on PubMed and the Cochrane database published between January 1, 2021 to September 1, 2022.ResultsOur findings demonstrated that despite vaccination, immunocompromised patients remained at high risk of new breakthrough COVID‐19 infection and severe COVID‐19 outcomes compared to the general population. We found increased average relative risk (RR) of breakthrough infections in the immunocompromised population, including patients with cancer (RR = 1.4), HIV (RR = 1.92), chronic kidney disease (RR = 2.26), immunodeficiency (RR = 2.55), and organ transplant recipients (RR = 6.94). These patients are also at greater risk for hospitalizations and death following COVID‐19 breakthrough infection. We found that the RR of hospitalization and death in Cancer patients was 1.08 and 2.82, respectively.ConclusionThis demonstrated that vaccination does not offer an adequate level of protection in these groups, necessitating further measures such as Evusheld and further boosters.