bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge graphs in psychiatric research: Potential applications and future perspectives
Authors: Freidel Sebastian , Schwarz Emanuel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundKnowledge graphs (KGs) remain an underutilized tool in the field of psychiatric research. In the broader biomedical field KGs are already a significant tool mainly used as knowledge database or for novel relation detection between biomedical entities. This review aims to outline how KGs would further research in the field of psychiatry in the age of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Large Language Models (LLMs).MethodsWe conducted a thorough literature review across a spectrum of scientific fields ranging from computer science and knowledge engineering to bioinformatics. The literature reviewed was taken from PubMed, Semantic Scholar and Google Scholar searches including terms such as “Psychiatric Knowledge Graphs”, “Biomedical Knowledge Graphs”, “Knowledge Graph Machine Learning Applications”, “Knowledge Graph Applications for Biomedical Sciences”. The resulting publications were then assessed and accumulated in this review regarding their possible relevance to future psychiatric applications.ResultsA multitude of papers and applications of KGs in associated research fields that are yet to be utilized in psychiatric research was found and outlined in this review. We create a thorough recommendation for other computational researchers regarding use‐cases of these KG applications in psychiatry.ConclusionThis review illustrates use‐cases of KG‐based research applications in biomedicine and beyond that may aid in elucidating the complex biology of psychiatric illness and open new routes for developing innovative interventions. We conclude that there is a wealth of opportunities for KG utilization in psychiatric research across a variety of application areas including biomarker discovery, patient stratification and personalized medicine approaches.
Validation of the Very Efficient Short‐Form Need for Cognition Scale in Chinese: Detecting the effect of item orientation
Authors: Mu Wenlong , Qiao Kangnaixin , Tan Meiling , Wang Yu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUsing a large‐scale randomized survey experiment, this study examined the dimensionality, item functioning, instrument properties and associations with validity‐related variables of the Very Efficient Short‐Form Need for Cognition Scale (NCS‐6) in Chinese and investigated whether its psychometric properties were affected by item orientation. For dimensionality, results indicated that a two‐factor model demonstrated a superior fit to the data compared to the one‐factor model when the NCS‐6 contained mixed‐worded items. The one‐factor model showed excellent model fit when the NCS‐6 contained only nonreversed or reversed items. For item functioning, factor loadings were invariant across experimental conditions, but item thresholds were not. For instrument properties, although the internal consistency reliabilities were excellent in each experimental condition, mean scores of the NCS‐6 showed a decreasing pattern as the number of reversed items increased. For associations with validity‐related variables, the structural relationships between NCS‐6 and validity‐related variables were not significantly different across experimental conditions. Overall, the dimensionality and instrument properties of the Chinese version NCS‐6 were affected when it contained mixed‐worded items.
Racial hydrologies
Authors: Walter Brian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn the South Carolina Lowcountry, near‐annual hurricanes and record‐breaking sea levels have led to disastrous flooding, overwhelming the region's historical tidal infrastructures and entrenched racial geographies. In response, Lowcountry governments, institutions, and residents have undertaken efforts at “perimeter protection,” raising dikes and seawalls to safeguard selected urban and rural plantation spaces from tidal flooding. Although perimeter protection is presented as a neutral resilience strategy, its practices and material forms reveal a close relationship between coastal protection and efforts to preserve landscapes of white supremacy. Such logics of perimeter protection contrast with everyday affective encounters with eroding coastlines and with the futures outside of bounded edges imagined by Black Charlestonians. By situating the region's hydrological history within the legacy of slavery and plantation extraction, and by following the effects of current sea level rise, we can see how historical hydrologies—which in this case are also racial hydrologies—are entangled with landscapes of contemporary environmental injustice.
Peri‐operative fever and LVAD: SIRS or impaired right ventricular strain?
Authors: Marek‐Iannucci Stefanie , Wildemann Riley , Brailovsky Yevgeniy , Dyer Samuel , Gamero Maria T. , Alvarez Rene J. , Rame Eduardo , Massey Howard T. , Tchantchaleishvili Vakhtang , Thoma Brandi , Rajapreyar Indranee N. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundAn inflammatory milieu after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation is associated with multi‐organ dysfunction and pre‐operative heightened inflammatory state is associated with right ventricular failure after LVAD implantation.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of 30 LVAD patients in our institution within the last 2 years for the development of fever and compared them to 30 non‐LVAD open‐heart surgery patients.ResultsOur results suggest that patients undergoing LVAD implantation are more likely to develop fever in the immediate post‐operative period compared to other open‐heart surgeries. This is independent of pharmacological treatment, age, or ethnical background. Females and obese patients were more likely to develop fever.ConclusionPatients with right ventricular dysfunction, as demonstrated by elevated central venous pressure (CVP), had the strongest correlation with fever development. These results pose the question if there is a systemic inflammatory response‐like phenomenon driven by increased right ventricular dysfunction.
The development, use, and challenges of electromechanical tissue stimulation systems
Authors: Hu Jie , Anderson William , Hayes Emily , Strauss Ellie Annah , Lang Jordan , Bacos Josh , Simacek Noah , Vu Helen H. , McCarty Owen J. T. , Kim Hoyeon , Kang Youngbok (Abraham) 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundTissue stimulations greatly affect cell growth, phenotype, and function, and they play an important role in modeling tissue physiology. With the goal of understanding the cellular mechanisms underlying the response of tissues to external stimulations, in vitro models of tissue stimulation have been developed in hopes of recapitulating in vivo tissue function.MethodsHerein we review the efforts to create and validate tissue stimulators responsive to electrical or mechanical stimulation including tensile, compression, torsion, and shear.ResultsEngineered tissue platforms have been designed to allow tissues to be subjected to selected types of mechanical stimulation from simple uniaxial to humanoid robotic stain through equal‐biaxial strain. Similarly, electrical stimulators have been developed to apply selected electrical signal shapes, amplitudes, and load cycles to tissues, lending to usage in stem cell‐derived tissue development, tissue maturation, and tissue functional regeneration. Some stimulators also allow for the observation of tissue morphology in real‐time while cells undergo stimulation. Discussion on the challenges and limitations of tissue simulator development is provided.ConclusionsDespite advances in the development of useful tissue stimulators, opportunities for improvement remain to better reproduce physiological functions by accounting for complex loading cycles, electrical and mechanical induction coupled with biological stimuli, and changes in strain affected by applied inputs.
Exploring new discoveries of steel fining in a Western Han Dynasty city in southwest China: A case study of steel fining remains excavated from the ancient Xindu city in Sichuan Province
Authors: Qiu Tian , Yang Yang , Yang Zhanfeng , Li Yingfu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractArchaeological discoveries and historical documents show that the Chengdu Plain was the most important iron production center in the southwest region of China during the Qin and Han dynasties. However, due to the lack of archaeological evidence, the iron production technology of cities in the Chengdu Plain during the Qin and Han dynasties remains unclear. The Xindu city site is located in Qingbaijiang District, Chengdu Sichuan Province. It was an important city site in the Chengdu Plain during the Han and Jin dynasties. During excavation of the Xindu city site, archaeologists unearthed a large number of metallurgical remains such as slags and tuyeres, as well as two severely damaged hearth bases near the western city wall. Scientific analysis results suggest that the metallurgical remains are related to the steel fining process and could be dated back to the Western Han Dynasty. The metallurgical remains in the Xindu city are the earliest known artifacts associated with the steel fining process in southwest China. This discovery also marks the first identification of iron industry workshops in a Han Dynasty city in the Chengdu Plain. The findings reveal a different industrial layout pattern from previously discovered Han Dynasty metallurgical sites in the Chengdu Plain. Additionally, this discovery provides archaeometallurgical evidence for the central government's development in southwest China during the Han Dynasty.
Learning from errors in mathematics classrooms: Development over 2 years in dependence of perceived error climate
Authors: Dresel Markus , Daumiller Martin , Spear Jana , Janke Stefan , Dickhäuser Oliver , Steuer Gabriele 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundErrors can provide informative feedback and exhibit a high potential for learning gains. Affective‐motivational and action‐related reactions to errors are two forms of error adaptivity that have been shown to enhance learning outcomes from errors. However, little is known regarding the development and contextual conditions of students' error reactions. A theoretically plausible facilitator to this end is the perceived error climate in the classroom.AimWe investigated how students' dealing with errors develops over time and which role the classroom context in general, and the perceived error climate in particular, has for this development.SampleA total of 1641 students participated in 69 mathematics classrooms in academic secondary schools.MethodsPerceived error climate alongside students' self‐reported individual reactions to errors were assessed in a 2‐year longitudinal study with five measurement points over the fifth and sixth grade.ResultsGrowth‐curve modelling indicated an, on average, negative development of students' individual reactions to errors. This development varied substantially between classrooms and systematically depended on perceived error climate. A more positive error climate was associated with a less negative development of error adaptivity.ConclusionTaken together, our findings imply a strong need and considerable room for the teachers' support in developing and maintaining adaptive reactions to errors. They also allow for the conclusion that teachers can succeed here by means of realizing a positive error climate in class.
Coagulation abnormalities associated with CAR‐T‐cell therapy in haematological malignancies: A review
Authors: Peng Xiaojuan , Zhang Xialin , Zhao Meiling , Chang Doudou , Yang Linhua , Mei Heng , Zhang Ruijuan 
Published: June 2024

SummaryChimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐T‐cell therapy has demonstrated considerable efficacy and safety in the treatment of patients with relapsed/refractory haematological malignancies. Owing to significant advances, CAR‐T‐cell therapeutic modality has undergone substantial shifts in its clinical application. Coagulation abnormalities, which are prevalent complications in CAR‐T‐cell therapy, can range in severity from simple abnormalities in coagulation parameters to serious haemorrhage or disseminated intravascular coagulation associated with life‐threatening multiorgan dysfunction. Nonetheless, there is a lack of a comprehensive overview concerning the coagulation abnormalities associated with CAR‐T‐cell therapy. With an aim to attract heightened clinical focus and to enhance the safety of CAR‐T‐cell therapy, this review presents the characteristics of the coagulation abnormalities associated with CAR‐T‐cell therapy, including clinical manifestations, coagulation parameters, pathogenesis, risk factors and their influence on treatment efficacy in patients receiving CAR‐T‐cell infusion. Due to limited data, these conclusions may undergo changes as more experience accumulates.
Rejection of the status quo: Conspiracy theories and preference for alternative political systems
Authors: Papaioannou Kostas , Pantazi Myrto , van Prooijen Jan‐Willem 
Published: June 2024

AbstractConspiracy theories introduce a democratic paradox, as belief in conspiracy theories predicts support for both democratic and non‐democratic political systems. In this article, we explore whether democratic and anti‐democratic attitudes, resulting from conspiracy beliefs, can be mutually exclusive. In Study 1 (United Kingdom, N = 293), we show that belief in conspiracy theories is associated with decreased support for representative democracy, and increased support for direct democracy, anarchism, and autocracy within the same individuals. In Study 2 (United States, N = 302, pre‐registered), we experimentally show that the perceived presence of conspiracies is linked to an increased preference for direct democracy, anarchism, and autocracy and decreased support for representative democracy. Mediational analyses suggest that widespread dissatisfaction with the status quo and, less consistently, feelings of political cynicism mediate the relationships between conspiracy beliefs and (anti‐)democratic attitudes. In Study 3 (United States, N = 400, pre‐registered), we experimentally manipulate (dis)satisfaction with the status quo. Results indicate that rejecting the status quo increases support for direct democracy, anarchism, and autocracy and decreases support for representative democracy. Overall, our findings suggest that people who believe in conspiracy theories tend to favour both democratic and anti‐democratic political alternatives, largely attributed to citizens' desire to change the status quo.
Space‐focused stereotypes of immigrant neighbourhoods
Authors: Essien Iniobong , Rohmann Anette 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRecent research suggests that stereotypes are not only applied to social groups but also to the physical spaces that social groups inhabit. We present three experiments investigating space‐focused stereotype content and valence regarding immigrant and non‐immigrant neighbourhoods. In Study 1a (N = 198), a pre‐registered online experiment, we observed that participants associate more negative characteristics with immigrant neighbourhoods than with middle‐class neighbourhoods. Whereas they imagined immigrant neighbourhoods as crime‐ridden, dirty and dangerous, they imagined middle‐class neighbourhoods to be quiet, clean and safe. Furthermore, whereas stereotype valence regarding immigrant neighbourhoods was negative, stereotype valence regarding middle‐class neighbourhoods was positive, suggesting large effects. These results were replicated in Study 1b (N = 274), examining stereotypes of immigrant versus majority‐German neighbourhoods. In Study 2 (N = 209), a pre‐registered online experiment, we observed that space‐focused stereotypes were more negative when cultural stereotypes rather than personal beliefs were assessed. Exploratory analyses revealed that, compared with majority‐German neighbourhoods, participants imagined immigrant neighbourhoods to be lower in socioeconomic status and also reported feeling less psychologically connected to these neighbourhoods, regardless of whether space‐focused stereotypes were personally endorsed or not. Lastly, a mega‐analysis across studies suggested that effects of stereotypes of immigrant in comparison to non‐immigrant places were very large (ds = 1.70). Together, the present findings indicate that mere differences in descriptions of places with reference to their demographic composition are sufficient to elicit large differences in associated stereotype content and valence.
Nanoarchitecture of CaV2.1 channels and GABAB receptors in the mouse hippocampus: Impact of APP/PS1 pathology
Authors: Martín‐Belmonte Alejandro , Aguado Carolina , Alfaro‐Ruiz Rocío , Kulik Akos , de la Ossa Luis , Moreno‐Martínez Ana Esther , Alberquilla Samuel , García‐Carracedo Lucía , Fernández Miriam , Fajardo‐Serrano Ana , Aso Ester , Shigemoto Ryuichi , Martín Eduardo D. , Fukazawa Yugo , Ciruela Francisco , Luján Rafael 
Published: June 2024

AbstractVoltage‐gated CaV2.1 (P/Q‐type) Ca2+ channels play a crucial role in regulating neurotransmitter release, thus contributing to synaptic plasticity and to processes such as learning and memory. Despite their recognized importance in neural function, there is limited information on their potential involvement in neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we aimed to explore the impact of AD pathology on the density and nanoscale compartmentalization of CaV2.1 channels in the hippocampus in association with GABAB receptors. Histoblotting experiments showed that the density of CaV2.1 channel was significantly reduced in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice in a laminar‐dependent manner. CaV2.1 channel was enriched in the active zone of the axon terminals and was present at a very low density over the surface of dendritic tree of the CA1 pyramidal cells, as shown by quantitative SDS‐digested freeze‐fracture replica labelling (SDS‐FRL). In APP/PS1 mice, the density of CaV2.1 channel in the active zone was significantly reduced in the strata radiatum and lacunosum‐moleculare, while it remained unaltered in the stratum oriens. The decline in Cav2.1 channel density was found to be associated with a corresponding impairment in the GABAergic synaptic function, as evidenced by electrophysiological experiments carried out in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice. Remarkably, double SDS‐FRL showed a co‐clustering of CaV2.1 channel and GABAB1 receptor in nanodomains (~40–50 nm) in wild type mice, while in APP/PS1 mice this nanoarchitecture was absent. Together, these findings suggest that the AD pathology‐induced reduction in CaV2.1 channel density and CaV2.1‐GABAB1 de‐clustering may play a role in the synaptic transmission alterations shown in the AD hippocampus. Therefore, uncovering these layer‐dependent changes in P/Q calcium currents associated with AD pathology can benefit the development of future strategies for AD management.
Mapping of afferent and efferent connections of phenylethanolamine N‐methyltransferase‐expressing neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarii
Authors: Zhu Mengchu , Jun Shirui , Nie Xiaojun , Chen Jinting , Hao Yinchao , Yu Hongxiao , Zhang Xiang , Sun Lu , Liu Yuelin , Yuan Xiangshan , Yuan Fang , Wang Sheng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectivePhenylethanolamine N‐methyltransferase (PNMT)‐expressing neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) contribute to the regulation of autonomic functions. However, the neural circuits linking these neurons to other brain regions remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the connectivity mechanisms of the PNMT‐expressing neurons in the NTS (NTSPNMT neurons).MethodsThe methodologies employed in this study included a modified rabies virus‐based retrograde neural tracing technique, conventional viral anterograde tracing, and immunohistochemical staining procedures.ResultsA total of 43 upstream nuclei projecting to NTSPNMT neurons were identified, spanning several key brain regions including the medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain, cerebellum, diencephalon, and telencephalon. Notably, dense projections to the NTSPNMT neurons were observed from the central amygdaloid nucleus, paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, area postrema, and the gigantocellular reticular nucleus. In contrast, the ventrolateral medulla, lateral parabrachial nucleus, and lateral hypothalamic area were identified as the primary destinations for axon terminals originating from NTSPNMT neurons. Additionally, reciprocal projections were evident among 21 nuclei, primarily situated within the medulla oblongata.ConclusionOur research findings demonstrate that NTSPNMT neurons form extensive connections with numerous nuclei, emphasizing their essential role in the homeostatic regulation of vital autonomic functions.
Island restoration to rebuild seabird populations and amplify coral reef functioning
Authors: Dunn Ruth E. , Benkwitt Cassandra E. , Maury Olivier , Barrier Nicolas , Carr Peter , Graham Nicholas A. J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMobile organisms like seabirds can provide important nutrient flows between ecosystems, but this connectivity has been interrupted by the degradation of island ecosystems. Island restoration (via invasive species eradications and the restoration of native vegetation) can reestablish seabird populations and their nutrient transfers between their foraging areas, breeding colonies, and adjacent nearshore habitats. Its diverse benefits are making island restoration increasingly common and scalable to larger islands and whole archipelagos. We identified the factors that influence breeding seabird abundances throughout the Chagos Archipelago in the Indian Ocean and conducted predictive modeling to estimate the abundances of seabirds that the archipelago could support under invasive predator eradication and native vegetation restoration scenarios. We explored whether the prey base exists to support restored seabird populations across the archipelago, calculated the nitrogen that restored populations of seabirds might produce via their guano, and modeled the cascading conservation gains that island restoration could provide. Restoration was predicted to increase breeding pairs of seabirds to over 280,000, and prey was predicted to be ample to support the revived seabird populations. Restored nutrient fluxes were predicted to result in increases in coral growth rates, reef fish biomasses, and parrotfish grazing and bioerosion rates. Given these potential cross‐ecosystem benefits, our results support island restoration as a conservation priority that could enhance resilience to climatic change effects, such as sea‐level rise and coral bleaching. We encourage the incorporation of our estimates of cross‐ecosystem benefits in prioritization exercises for island restoration.
Diasporas as a linchpin in local and international humanitarian action: a case study of the Chinese in Aceh following the 2004 tsunami
Authors: Hirono Miwa 
Published: June 2024

AbstractChinese humanitarian actors have worked frequently with the Chinese diaspora in disaster‐affected areas, but little, if any, research has been conducted into the important role of the diaspora in disaster response and humanitarian assistance. This paper investigates what local knowledge the Chinese diaspora has offered to humanitarian actors from the People's Republic of China (PRC), and how this has contributed to their effectiveness. Based on a case study of the semi‐autonomous Indonesian province of Aceh in the aftermath of the Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004, this paper argues that the diaspora can serve as a linchpin in local and international humanitarian action. It can do so by strengthening networks and bringing together local ethnic communities, local governments, and the PRC's humanitarian actors, while also offering local knowledge in the form of contextual memory. Such local knowledge may have to be fully utilised to address any underlying ethnic tensions in disaster‐affected areas.