bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fracture behavior of Mg–Li matrix composites
Authors: Kúdela Stanislav , Wendrock Horst , Kúdela Stanislav , Pawełek Andrzej , Piątkowski Andrzej , Wetzig Klaus 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Deformation and fracture of Saffil fiber (SF) reinforced Mg, Mg-8 wt.% Li and Mg-12 wt.% Li composites was monitored by means of in-situ scanning electron microscopy during 3-point bend tests. Mg and MgLi matrix composites (10 vol.% SF) were prepared by the melt infiltration technique. Poor interfacial bond causes premature failure of the SF/Mg composite that is usually triggered by the debonding of perpendicular fibers at the convex composite surface. Strong interfaces in SF/Mg12Li composite result in multiple cross-breakage of aligned fibers which is indicative of their participation in the composite strengthening. Resultant composite strengthening is frustrated by massive stress relaxation of the Mg12Li matrix. Strong interfaces and fairly high strength of the Mg8Li matrix cause remarkable strengthening of SF/Mg8Li composites. The cleavage of phases in two-phase Mg8Li matrix plays an insignificant role in the composite failure.
Ab-initio simulation of the tensile strength of silicon nanofilms
Authors: Umeno Yoshitaka 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Investigations of the relation between atomic configuration and strength at atomic and electronic level are important not only for understanding the fundamental deformation behavior of materials but also for application of materials to nanostructured devices. In this study, simulation of tension of silicon nanofilms under tensile stress was carried out using ab initio density functional theory calculation to investigate the effect of surface structure on tensile strength. Nanofilms with various surface orientations were examined. The theoretical tensile strength of Si nanofilms with a thickness of around 1.0 nm having (100) surfaces, which are flat with dimer-row structure, was only slightly lower than that of bulk Si. In contrast, surfaces with rather high Miller indices can significantly reduce critical strain owing to surface steps, indicating that such atomic-level structure affects the strength quite strongly.
New properties of halogen plasma-treated Cu films
Authors: Pikulev Vitaly , Dictus Dries , Loginova Svetlana , Baklanov Mikhail R. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Luminescence activity and structure of halogen plasma-treated Cu films on Si substrate have been investigated. Peculiar photoluminescence signals in the range of 1.6 – 2.0 eV were detected both at low (from 77 to 15 K), and at room temperature. The observed luminescence peaks are not present for stoichiometric CuCl. The exposure of CuCl- and CuBr-containing layers to helium plasma, with UV-illumination, result in the formation of knots of twisted nanowires on the surface of these layers. These wires don't have luminescent activity. The accelerated degradation of luminescence of these samples in air in the presence of light illumination and ozone treatment was studied.
Diagnosis of Raynaud’s Phenomenon by 99mTc-Hydroxymethylene Diphosphonate Digital Blood Flow Scintigraphy After One-hand Chilling
Authors: KWON SEONG-RYUL , LIM MIE-JIN , PARK SHIN-GOO , HYUN IN-YOUNG , PARK WON 
Published: June 2009

Objective.We introduce the use of 99mTc-hydroxymethylene diphosphonate (HDP) digital blood flow scintigraphy to diagnose Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP).Methods.Fifty-seven patients with RP and 60 healthy controls were recruited. One hand was chilled by immersion into water at 4°C, and then an intravenous bolus of 740 MBq of 99mTc-HDP was injected. The radioactivity from the second to the fifth fingers of both hands was recorded. Acquisition was performed at a rate of one frame per 2 seconds until 155 frames. We calculated 4 ratios by comparing the activity curves of the chilled hand with those of the ambient hand.Results.The chilled to ambient hand ratio of the initial slope was significantly lower in the patients with RP (0.28 ± 0.18) than in the controls (0.78 ± 0.20) (p < 0.001). The chilled to ambient hand ratio of the first peak height, 30-second area under the curve, and blood pool uptake were also lower in the patients with RP than in controls (p < 0.001 for each). The initial slope ratio of 0.51, used as a cutoff value, showed a sensitivity of 91.2% and specificity of 93.3%. The loss of the initial spike curve, the presence of a slowly progressing radioactivity curve, and the inhomogeneous radioactivity uptake in the blood pool image in either hand were characteristic findings of the patients with RP (p < 0.001).Conclusion.99mTc-HDP digital blood flow scintigraphy after one-hand chilling is a noninvasive, accurate, and quantitative method to evaluate RP.
The Presence of Limited Joint Mobility Is Significantly Associated with Multiple Digit Involvement by Stenosing Flexor Tenosynovitis in Diabetics
Authors: KAMEYAMA MAKOTO , MEGURO SHU , FUNAE OSAMU , ATSUMI YOSHIHITO , IKEGAMI HIROYASU 
Published: June 2009

Objective.Diabetes is associated with several disorders of the hand, including stenosing flexor tenosynovitis (SFTS). The feature of SFTS in diabetics is a higher prevalence of multiple digit involvement. We examined the magnitude of the tendency for involvement of more digits by SFTS in diabetic patients than in nondiabetic patients, and attempted to clarify the factors influencing multiple digit involvement by SFTS in diabetics.Methods.The study comprised 302 diabetic patients with SFTS and 235 nondiabetic patients with SFTS. The total number of digits exhibiting SFTS within the 1-year period following the initial visit to the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery was investigated in a prospective manner. We compared the difference in the frequency of multiple digit involvement by SFTS between diabetic and nondiabetic patients using the chi-squared test. Multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the contribution of independent variables [defined as 12 factors including age, sex, type of diabetes, estimated duration of diabetes, HbA1cvalues, carpal tunnel syndrome, Dupuytren contracture, limited joint mobility (LJM), de Quervain's disease, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, and dyslipidemia] to the total number of digits affected by SFTS in diabetic patients.Results.Diabetic patients showed a significantly higher prevalence of multiple digit involvement than nondiabetic patients (p < 0.0001). Multiple regression analysis in diabetic patients revealed that the presence of LJM was positively associated with the prevalence of multiple digit involvement (r = 0.626, p < 0.0001).Conclusion.LJM in diabetics is closely associated with SFTS involving multiple digits.
Cerebral Vasculopathy Is Associated with Severe Vascular Manifestations in Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: TERRIER BENJAMIN , CHARBONNEAU FRÉDÉRIQUE , TOUZÉ EMMANUEL , BEREZNE ALICE , PAGNOUX CHRISTIAN , SILVERA STÉPHANE , MEDER JEAN-FRANÇOIS , GUILLEVIN LOÏC , OPPENHEIM CATHERINE , MOUTHON LUC 
Published: June 2009

Objective.To investigate brain involvement in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc).Methods.Sixty-three patients with SSc fulfilling the American College of Rheumatology and/or Leroy and Medsger criteria were retrospectively studied, including 30 (47.6%) with limited cutaneous and 27 (42.9%) with diffuse cutaneous SSc. Forty-one patients underwent computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, 11 patients only CT scan, and the remaining 11 patients only MRI. Cerebral vasculopathy on MRI and CT scan was defined as absent or mild (score < 1), moderate (1 ≤ score < 2), or severe (score ≥ 2) on a 4-point scale (0 to 3).Results.Cerebral vasculopathy was identified on CT scan in 22 patients (moderate in 12 and severe in 10) and on MRI in 38 patients (moderate in 28 and severe in 10). Patients with severe cerebral vasculopathy seen on MRI were more likely to have pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH; p = 0.003) and showed a tendency to have scleroderma renal crisis (SRC; p = 0.25, test for trend p = 0.097). A similar association was found between severe cerebral vasculopathy seen on CT scan and PAH (p = 0.026) or SRC (p = 0.04). After adjusting for age and hypertension, severe cerebral vasculopathy was still associated with increased risk of severe vascular manifestations [odds ratio (OR) 32, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.45–297, p = 0.002 for CT scan; OR 26, 95% CI 1.71–394, p = 0.019 for MRI].Conclusion.Severe cerebral vasculopathy is associated with severe vascular manifestations in SSc patients. SSc patients with severe vascular complications should undergo neuroradiological imaging assessment of brain involvement.
Is Screening for Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Useful in Patients with Recent-Onset Polyarthritis? The ESPOIR Cohort Study
Authors: GUENNOC XAVIER , NARBONNE VALÉRIE , JOUSSE-JOULIN SANDRINE , DEVAUCHELLE-PENSEC VALERIE , DOUGADOS MAXIME , DAURÈS JEAN PIERRE , SARAUX ALAIN 
Published: June 2009

Objective.To evaluate the seroprevalence of hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) in patients living in France with recent-onset polyarthritis suggesting rheumatoid arthritis.Methods.The 813 patients in the ESPOIR cohort were screened for anti-HCV antibodies and HBs antigen.Results.Seroprevalence was 0.86% for HCV (n = 7) and 0.12% for HBV (n = 1). HCV-related arthritis was diagnosed in 4 (0.5%) patients; no patient had HBV-related arthritis. HCV-seropositive patients had significantly higher transaminase levels (ALAT, 41.5 IU vs 23.2 IU, p = 0.02; and ASAT, 39.2 IU vs 21.8 IU, p = 0.001) but only 2 patients had ASAT or ALAT levels > 40 IU. No significant differences were found for anti-CCP antibodies, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, or other test. HCV seroprevalence was significantly higher in the subgroup with history of blood transfusion than in other patients (3.7% vs 0.42%, p = 0.02). Two of the 7 HCV positive patients and the single patient with confirmed hepatitis B infection were born in areas with higher prevalence of viral hepatitis (Togo, Senegal, Vietnam). Positive hepatitis status was known before study inclusion in 4 of the 7 HCV-positive patients and in the HBV-positive patient.Conclusion.The prevalence of HBV and HCV in a population of patients with recent-onset polyarthritis suggestive of RA was not greater than expected based on data from the general population in the same geographic area. Routine HBV and HCV serological testing did not contribute substantially to the diagnosis of recent-onset polyarthritis. Although advisable before initiating immunosuppressive or hepatotoxic drugs, serological testing for HCV and HBV is unnecessary in routine diagnostic evaluation of recent-onset polyarthritis.
A Clinical Criterion to Exclude the Hyperimmunoglobulin D Syndrome (Mild Mevalonate Kinase Deficiency) in Patients with Recurrent Fever
Authors: STEICHEN OLIVIER , van der HILST JEROEN , SIMON ANNA , CUISSET LAURENCE , GRATEAU GILLES 
Published: June 2009

Objective.The hyperimmunoglobulin D syndrome (HIDS) is an autosomal recessive autoinflammatory disease caused by mutations in the mevalonate kinase gene. Our objective was to define a clinical criterion able to exclude HIDS without the need of genetic testing.Methods.A recursive partitioning algorithm was applied to derive the clinical criterion in 149 patients with genetic testing in a French laboratory, among whom 35 had HIDS. The criterion was validated in 93 patients with genetic testing in a Dutch laboratory, among whom 28 had HIDS.Results.The most discriminatory composite clinical criterion satisfied by all patients with HIDS in the derivation group was [onset age < 5 years old OR (joint pain during attacks AND length of attacks < 14 days)]. It had a sensitivity of 100% (95% confidence interval 88% to 100%) and a specificity of 28% (95% CI 17% to 40%) in the validation group. If genetic testing had been limited to patients fulfilling this criterion, 18 tests (19%) would have been avoided in this highly selected validation sample, without missing a single patient with HIDS.Conclusion.Even among patients already selected by expert physicians, this criterion could help prevent unnecessary genetic testing, which is resource- and time-consuming.
TRENDS AND CHALLENGES OF CARTILAGE TISSUE ENGINEERING
Authors: Fang Hsu-Wei 
Published: June 2009

Cartilage injuries may be caused by trauma, biomechanical imbalance, or degenerative changes of joint. Unfortunately, cartilage has limited capability to spontaneous repair once damaged and may lead to progressive damage and degeneration. Cartilage tissue-engineering techniques have emerged as the potential clinical strategies. An ideal tissue-engineering approach to cartilage repair should offer good integration into both the host cartilage and the subchondral bone. Cells, scaffolds, and growth factors make up the tissue engineering triad. One of the major challenges for cartilage tissue engineering is cell source and cell numbers. Due to the limitations of proliferation for mature chondrocytes, current studies have alternated to use stem cells as a potential source. In the recent years, a lot of novel biomaterials has been continuously developed and investigated in various in vitro and in vivo studies for cartilage tissue engineering. Moreover, stimulatory factors such as bioactive molecules have been explored to induce or enhance cartilage formation. Growth factors and other additives could be added into culture media in vitro, transferred into cells, or incorporated into scaffolds for in vivo delivery to promote cellular differentiation and tissue regeneration.Based on the current development of cartilage tissue engineering, there exist challenges to overcome. How to manipulate the interactions between cells, scaffold, and signals to achieve the moderation of implanted composite differentiate into moderate stem cells to differentiate into hyaline cartilage to perform the optimum physiological and biomechanical functions without negative side effects remains the target to pursue.
The Antimony‐Based Type I Clathrate Compounds Cs8Cd18Sb28 and Cs8Zn18Sb28
Authors: Liu Yi , Wu Li‐Ming , Li Long‐Hua , Du Shao‐Wu , Corbett John D. , Chen Ling 
Published: June 2009

AbstractNeue Welt entdeckt: Die Titelverbindungen mit stöchiometrischen Zusammensetzungen, die mit der Formulierung für klassische Zintl‐Phasen übereinstimmen, liegen in einer für derartige Strukturen neuen Region des Phasenraums. Die Ergebnisse von DFT‐Rechnungen und die diamagnetischen Suszeptibilitäten deuten auf kleine Halbleiterlücken hin.magnified image
Fluorescence Logic‐Signal‐Based Multiplex Detection of Nucleases with the Assembly of a Cationic Conjugated Polymer and Branched DNA
Authors: Feng Xuli , Duan Xinrui , Liu Libing , Feng Fude , Wang Shu , Li Yuliang , Zhu Daoben 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn einer Energietransferkaskade aus einem kationischen konjugierten Polymer (PFP) und negativ geladener, Y‐förmiger DNA mit drei Farbstoffmarkierungen an den Enden (Fluorescein (Fl), Tex Red und Cy5) reguliert ein mehrstufiger FRET die Fluoreszenzintensitäten von PFP und den Farbstoffen. Unterschiedliche logische Gatter lassen sich betreiben, je nachdem von welchen Farbstoffen die Emissionswellenlängen mit mehreren Nucleasen als Eingabe beobachtet werden.magnified image
2‐Pyridylquinoxaline derivatives as N,N‐ligands for palladium‐catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura reaction
Authors: Liu Yundong , Wu Yongwei , Xi Chanjuan 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe Suzuki–Miyaura reaction of aryl bromides with benzeneboronic acid catalyzed by bis(chloro)(2‐pyridylquinoxaline)palladium(II) was investigated. The scope of the bis(chloro)(2‐pyridylquinoxaline)palladium(II) was determined in toluene at 80 °C using KOH as base. Using a 0.1% molar ratio of bis(chloro)(2‐pyridylquinoxaline)palladium(II) C1 as a catalyst, aryl bromides reacted with benzeneboronic acid to afford diaryl derivatives in excellent yield. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure and mechanical properties of a talc‐filled polypropylene/ethylene‐propylene‐diene composite after reprocessing in the melt state
Authors: Sarrionandia M. , Lopez‐Arraiza A. , Aurrekoetxea J. , Arostegui A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA commercial talc‐filled polypropylene/ethylene‐propylene‐diene terpolymer composite was repeatedly injection molded up to five cycles to study the effects of reprocessing on the structure, morphology, and mechanical properties. Reprocessing did not change either the chemical structure or the thermal behavior of the composite, but led to a slight molecular weight reduction, due to shear–stress‐induced chain scission. Talc and ethylene‐propylene‐diene terpolymer content remained unchanged with reprocessing, whereas size distribution slightly decreased. Young's modulus, yield stress, and Charpy impact strength of the composite did not significantly change even after five cycles, but deformation at break continuously decreased, and it was attributed to the slight molecular weight, talc, and rubber particle size reduction. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Thermal and spectroscopic studies of poly(N‐vinyl pyrrolidone)/poly(vinyl alcohol) blend films
Authors: Abou_Taleb M. H. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractPoly(N‐vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) and poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) homopolymers and their blended samples with different compositions were prepared using cast technique and subjected to X‐ray diffraction (XRD) measurements, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet/visible spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). XRD patterns of homopolymers and their blended samples indicated that blending amorphous materials, such as PVP, with semicrystalline polymer, such as PVA, gives rise to an amorphous structure with two halo peaks at positions identical to those found in pure PVP. Identification of structure and assignments of the most evident IR‐ absorption bands of PVP and PVA as well as their blends in the range 400–2000 cm−1 were studied. UV–vis spectra were used to study absorption spectra and estimate the values of absorption edge, Eg, and band tail, Ee, for all samples. Making use of Coats‐Redfern relation, thermogravimetric (TG) data allowed the calculation of the values of some thermodynamic parameters, such as activation energy E, entropy ΔS#, enthalpy ΔH, and free energy of activation ΔG# for different decomposition steps in the samples under investigation. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Preparation of polyvinylidene fluoride membrane via a thermally induced phase separation using a mixed diluent
Authors: Lu Xiaolong , Li Xianfeng 
Published: June 2009

AbstractPolyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes were prepared via a thermally induced phase separation method with a mixed diluent (dibutylphthalate/dioctyl phthalate). The effects of PVDF concentration and cooling bath temperature (CBT) on the structure and properties of the membranes were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy photos showed that the cross‐section of all the membranes, regardless of PVDF concentration and CBT, presented a bi‐continuous structure with the spherulitic pattern; moreover, the spherulitic patterns became clear gradually from the top surface to the bottom surface, and the top surface was denser than the bottom surface. As a result, all the membranes exhibited an asymmetric structure. The membrane property measurement indicated that, as PVDF concentration increased from 25 to 35 wt %, the pure water flux (PWF) decreased from 342 to 80 L m−2 h−1, and the porosity decreased slightly, whereas the minimum bubble point pressure (BPP) increased, which indicates maximum pore size decreased. In addition, with the increase in CBT, the PWF increased, but, the minimum BPP and porosity decreased. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Microstructure and physical properties of open‐cell polyolefin foams
Authors: Rodriguez‐Perez M. A. , Álvarez‐Láinez M. , de Saja J. A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe cellular structure, physical properties, and structure–property relationships of novel open‐cell polyolefin foams produced by compression molding and based on blends of an ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer and a low‐density polyethylene have been studied and compared with those of closed‐cell polyolefin foams of similar chemical compositions and densities and with those of open‐cell polyurethane foams. Properties such as the elastic modulus, collapse stress, energy absorbed in mechanical tests, thermal expansion, dynamic mechanical response, and acoustic absorption have been measured. The experimental results show that the cellular structure of the analyzed materials has interconnected cells due to the presence of large and small holes in the cell walls, and this structure is clearly different from the typical structure of open‐cell polyurethane foams. The open‐cell polyolefin foams under study, in comparison with closed‐cell foams of similar densities and chemical compositions, are good acoustic absorbers; they have a significant loss factor and lower compressive strength and thermal stability. The physical reasons for this macroscopic behavior are analyzed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Kepler, Galileo, the telescope and its consequences
Authors: Hamel J. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn the beginning Copernicus' system of the world did not have empirical confirmation. In this situation, Kepler's research, as well as the astronomical observations with the telescope, invented in 1608, played a decisive role. Under the assumption of the central position of the Sun, Kepler discovered the elliptical orbital motion of the planets as a base of the computation of noticeably improved ephemerides. The first telescopic observations – Jupiter's moons, phases of Venus, sunspots, surface features of the moon, gave important arguments for Copernicus' system. Galilei was one of the first who used the telescope for astronomical research (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Galilei's astronomical discoveries using the telescope and their evaluation found in a writing‐calendar from 1611
Authors: Herbst K.‐D. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractYearly calendars were a mass‐produced article in early modern times and had an enormous importance in everyday life. Besides a first part, the Calendarium with the monthly tables, they contain a second part, the astrological Prognosticum. At first, the two parts were sold separately. In the second half of the 17th century, the parts were designed as a unity and sold together. The calendars in quart format contain texts which are so interesting that historical research should give them more consideration. Such a text is found, e.g., in the second part of the calendar for 1611, written by Paul Nagel, astronomer and rector of the school in Torgau. Nagel informs about Galilei's discoveries with the telescope. The (Latin) text was written in August 1610. This text is presented and put into perspective in the scientific debates of the time about the telescope as a new invention with consequences to philosophy (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)