bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breast Milk and Glucose for Pain Relief in Preterm Infants: A Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bueno Mariana , Stevens Bonnie , de Camargo Patrícia Ponce , Toma Edi , Krebs Vera Lúcia Jornada , Kimura Amélia Fumiko 
Published: March 2012

OBJECTIVE:
The study goal was to compare the efficacy of expressed breast milk (EBM) versus 25% glucose on pain responses of late preterm infants during heel lancing.

METHODS:
In a noninferiority randomized controlled trial, a total of 113 newborns were randomized to receive EBM (experimental group [EG]) or 25% glucose (control group [CG]) before undergoing heel lancing. The primary outcome was pain intensity (Premature Infant Pain Profile [PIPP]) and a 10% noninferiority margin was established. Secondary outcomes were incidence of cry and percentage of time spent crying and adverse events. Intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis was used.

RESULTS:
Groups were similar regarding demographics and clinical characteristics, except for birth weight and weight at data collection day. There were lower pain scores in the CG over 3 minutes after lancing (P &lt; .001). A higher number of infants in the CG had PIPP scores indicative of minimal pain or absence of pain (P = .002 and P = .003 on ITT analysis) at 30 seconds after lancing, and the mean difference in PIPP scores was 3 (95% confidence interval: 1.507–4.483). Lower incidence of cry (P = .001) and shorter duration of crying (P = .014) were observed for CG. Adverse events were benign and self-limited, and there was no significant difference between groups (P = .736 and P = .637 on ITT analysis).

CONCLUSIONS:
Results based on PIPP scores and crying time indicate poorer effects of EBM compared with 25% glucose during heel lancing. Additional studies exploring the vol and administration of EBM and its combination with other strategies such as skin-to-skin contact and sucking are necessary.
Interrater Reliability of Clinical Findings in Children With Possible Appendicitis
Authors: Kharbanda Anupam B. , Stevenson Michelle D. , Macias Charles G. , Sinclair Kelly , Dudley Nanette C. , Bennett Jonathan , Bajaj Lalit , Mittal Manoj K. , Huang Craig , Bachur Richard G. , Dayan Peter S. ,   for the Pediatric Emergency Medicine Collaborative Research Committee of the American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: March 2012

OBJECTIVE:
Our objective was to determine the interrater reliability of clinical history and physical examination findings in children undergoing evaluation for possible appendicitis in a large, multicenter cohort.

METHODS:
We conducted a prospective, multicenter, cross-sectional study of children aged 3–18 years with possible appendicitis. Two clinicians independently evaluated patients and completed structured case report forms within 60 minutes of each other and without knowing the results of diagnostic imaging. We calculated raw agreement and assessed reliability by using the unweighted Cohen κ statistic with 2-sided 95% confidence intervals.

RESULTS:
A total of 811 patients had 2 assessments completed, and 599 (74%) had 2 assessments completed within 60 minutes. Seventy-five percent of paired assessments were completed by pediatric emergency physicians. Raw agreement ranged from 64.9% to 92.3% for history variables and 4 of 6 variables had moderate interrater reliability (κ &gt; .4). The highest κ values were noted for duration of pain (κ = .56 [95% confidence intervals .51–.61]) and history of emesis (.84 [.80–.89]). For physical examination variables, raw agreement ranged from 60.9% to 98.7%, with 4 of 8 variables exhibiting moderate reliability. Among physical examination variables, the highest κ values were noted for abdominal pain with walking, jumping, or coughing (.54 [.45–.63]) and presence of any abdominal tenderness on examination (.49 [.19–.80]).

CONCLUSIONS:
Interrater reliability of patient history and physical examination variables was generally fair to moderate. Those variables with higher interrater reliability are more appropriate for inclusion in clinical prediction rules in children with possible appendicitis.
Barriers to Conducting Advance Care Discussions for Children With Life-Threatening Conditions
Authors: Durall Amy , Zurakowski David , Wolfe Joanne 
Published: March 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Advance care discussions (ACD) occur infrequently or are initiated late in the course of illness. Although data exist regarding barriers to ACD among the care of adult patients, few pediatric data exist. The goal of this study was to identify barriers to conducting ACD for children with life-threatening conditions.

METHODS:
Physicians and nurses from practice settings where advance care planning typically takes place were surveyed to collect data regarding their attitudes and behaviors regarding ACD.

RESULTS:
A total of 266 providers responded to the survey: 107 physicians and 159 nurses (54% response rate). The top 3 barriers were: unrealistic parent expectations, differences between clinician and patient/parent understanding of prognosis, and lack of parent readiness to have the discussion. Nurses identified lack of importance to clinicians (P = .006) and ethical considerations (P &lt; .001) as impediments more often than physicians. Conversely, physicians believed that not knowing the right thing to say (P = .006) was more often a barrier. There are also perceived differences among specialties. Cardiac ICU providers were more likely to report unrealistic clinician expectations (P &lt; .001) and differences between clinician and patient/parent understanding of prognosis (P = .014) as common barriers to conducting ACD. Finally, 71% of all clinicians believed that ACD happen too late in the patient’s clinical course.

CONCLUSIONS:
Clinicians perceive parent prognostic understanding and attitudes as the most common barriers to conducting ACD. Educational interventions aimed at improving clinician knowledge, attitudes, and skills in addressing these barriers may help health care providers overcome perceived barriers.
Nosocomial Rotavirus Infections: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Bruijning-Verhagen Patricia , Quach Caroline , Bonten Marc 
Published: March 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Nosocomial rotavirus (nRV) infections represent an important part of rotavirus (RV)-associated morbidity. The incidence of nRV influences the estimated total RV disease burden, an important determinant of cost-effectiveness of RV vaccination programs. Our aim is to summarize the existing evidence and produce reliable estimates of nRV incidence, in pediatric settings in Europe and North America.

METHODS:
We searched electronic databases for studies on nRV incidence among pediatric inpatients. To ascertain complete case reporting, only studies describing active nRV surveillance in their methodology were included. Random effects meta-analysis was performed. Meta-regression was used to obtain results adjusted for important study characteristics.

RESULTS:
Twenty surveillance studies met the quality criteria for inclusion. The pooled unadjusted nRV incidence was 2.9 per 100 hospitalizations (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.6–4.4). Incidence was significantly influenced by studies' seasonality-months (RV epidemic season only or year-round) and the age range of included patients. Highest nRV incidence was found for children &lt;2 years of age, hospitalized during the epidemic months (8.1/100 hospitalizations; 95% CI: 6.4–9.9). The adjusted year-round nRV incidence estimate without age restriction was 0.4/100 hospitalizations (95% CI: 0.1–2.1) and 0.7 (95% CI: 0.0–1.8) for children &lt;5 years of age.

CONCLUSIONS:
This is the first meta-analysis to summarize results of surveillance studies on nRV incidence. nRV is an important problem among hospitalized infants during the winter months. The lower season and age-adjusted nRV incidence estimate seems more appropriate for application in population-based burden of disease analysis.
Development of a Pragmatic Measure for Evaluating and Optimizing Rapid Response Systems
Authors: Bonafide Christopher P. , Roberts Kathryn E. , Priestley Margaret A. , Tibbetts Kathleen M. , Huang Emily , Nadkarni Vinay M. , Keren Ron 
Published: March 2012

OBJECTIVES:
Standard metrics for evaluating rapid response systems (RRSs) include cardiac and respiratory arrest rates. These events are rare in children; therefore, years of data are needed to evaluate the impact of RRSs with sufficient statistical power. We aimed to develop a valid, pragmatic measure for evaluating and optimizing RRSs over shorter periods of time.

METHODS:
We reviewed 724 medical emergency team and 56 code-blue team activations in a children’s hospital between February 2010 and February 2011. We defined events resulting in ICU transfer and noninvasive ventilation, intubation, or vasopressor infusion within 12 hours as “critical deterioration.” By using in-hospital mortality as the gold standard, we evaluated the test characteristics and validity of this proximate outcome metric compared with a national benchmark for cardiac and respiratory arrest rates, the Child Health Corporation of America Codes Outside the ICU Whole System Measure.

RESULTS:
Critical deterioration (1.52 per 1000 non-ICU patient-days) was more than eightfold more common than the Child Health Corporation of America measure of cardiac and respiratory arrests (0.18 per 1000 non-ICU patient-days) and was associated with &gt;13-fold increased risk of in-hospital death. The critical deterioration metric demonstrated both criterion and construct validity.

CONCLUSIONS:
The critical deterioration rate is a valid, pragmatic proximate outcome associated with in-hospital mortality. It has great potential for complementing existing patient safety measures for evaluating RRS performance.
Alcohol Consumption in Movies and Adolescent Binge Drinking in 6 European Countries
Authors: Hanewinkel Reiner , Sargent James D. , Poelen Evelien A. P. , Scholte Ron , Florek Ewa , Sweeting Helen , Hunt Kate , Karlsdottir Solveig , Jonsson Stefan Hrafn , Mathis Federica , Faggiano Fabrizio , Morgenstern Matthis 
Published: March 2012

OBJECTIVE:The goal of this study was to investigate whether the association between exposure to images of alcohol use in movies and binge drinking among adolescents is independent of cultural context.METHODS:A cross-sectional survey study in 6 European countries (Germany, Iceland, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, and Scotland) was conducted. A total of 16 551 pupils from 114 public schools with a mean (± SD) age of 13.4 (± 1.18) years participated. By using previously validated methods, exposure to alcohol use in movies was estimated from the 250 top-grossing movies of each country (years 2004−2009). Lifetime binge drinking was the main outcome measure.RESULTS:Overall, 27% of the sample had consumed &gt;5 drinks on at least 1 occasion in their life. After controlling for age, gender, family affluence, school performance, television screen time, sensation seeking and rebelliousness, and frequency of drinking of peers, parents, and siblings, the adjusted β-coefficient for lifetime binge drinking in the entire sample was 0.12 (95% confidence interval: 0.10−0.14; P &lt; .001). The crude relationship between movie alcohol use exposure and lifetime binge drinking was significant in all countries; after covariate adjustment, the relationship was still significant in 5 of 6 countries. A sensitivity analysis revealed that the association is content specific, as there was no significant association between lifetime binge drinking and exposure to smoking in movies.CONCLUSIONS:The link between alcohol use in movies and adolescent binge drinking was robust and seems relatively unaffected by cultural contexts.
Graphene Adsorbed on Corundum Surface: Clean Interface and Band Gap Opening
Authors: Huang Bing , Xu Qiang , Wei Su-Huai 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTUsing advanced first-principles calculations, we have studied the structural and electronic properties of graphene/α-Al2O3 interfaces and show that α -Al2O3 is an ideal gate dielectric material for graphene transistors. Clean interface exists between graphene and Al-terminated (or hydroxylated) Al2O3 and the valence band offsets for these systems are large enough to create injection barrier. Remarkably, a band gap of ~180 meV can be induced in graphene layer adsorbed on Al-terminated surface, which is significantly larger than graphene on other popular substrates.
MBE-Grown IV-VI Semiconductor Structures for Thermal Conductivity Measurements
Authors: McCann Patrick J. , Olona Leonard , Cai Zhihua , Jeffers James D. , Namjou Khosrow 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTIV-VI semiconductor structures grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) have been used to measure the cross-plane thermal conductivity of PbSe and PbSe/PbSnSe/PbSe multiperiod superlattice (SL) materials. Continuous wave photoluminescence (PL) measurements were used to determine epilayer temperatures localized to multiple quantum well (MQW) light emitting layers on top of various IV-VI materials structures. These data combined with finite element analysis (FEA) were used to extract cross-plane thermal conductivity values for different materials designs. Structures consisting of PbSe/PbSnSe/PbSe SL materials with multiple periodicities exhibited cross-plane lattice thermal conductivity values as low as 0.30 W/mK, a significant reduction relative to the 1.9 W/mK value for bulk PbSe. This work shows that lattice thermal conductivity reduction offers a highly viable approach for improving thermoelectric materials performance.
Treatment of Localized Gingival Recessions Using Gingival Unit Grafts: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Kuru Bahar , Yıldırım Selin 
Published: March 2012

Background: One of the success factors in periodontal plastic surgery is the synergistic relationship between involved tissues and vascular supply. Gingiva as a functional unit is unique with a specific vascular configuration and contains the supracrestal portion naturally created to survive over avascular root surfaces. The aim of this randomized controlled trial is to clinically evaluate the treatment of localized gingival recessions by using gingival unit grafts (palatal tissue involving marginal gingiva and papillae) compared with conventional palatal grafts.Methods: Seventeen patients with Class I to II recession defects on mandibular anterior teeth were included and randomly divided into two groups. Recessions were treated with gingival unit grafts in group 1 (n = 8) and with palatal grafts in group 2 (n = 9). Clinical parameters including vertical recession (VR), probing depth, keratinized tissue (KT), and attachment level were recorded at baseline and 8 months after surgery.Results: Both treatments produced significant clinical improvements within the groups. Intergroup comparison revealed significantly higher VR reduction, attachment, and KT gain in group 1 than in group 2; mean percentages of the defect coverage were 91.62% ± 9.74% and 68.97% ± 13.67%, respectively (P <0.05). Healing of the gingival unit donor site was uneventful.Conclusion: Within its limits, this study demonstrates the possibility of treating buccal recessions with gingival unit grafts as an alternative technique using gingival donor graft of site‐specific vascular configuration, with better defect coverage, clinical, and esthetic improvements compared with palatal grafts.
Successful Qualification and Deployment of a High-Pressure Drill Pipe Riser in West Africa
Authors: Camus Mathieu , Auclair Pascal , Horsburgh Barrie , Gallois Yann , Rohart Christophe , Williams Henri , Mfoulou Yannick 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The Cameron/TOTAL Usan project team brought one of the first High-Pressure Drill Pipe Riser for Intervention Systems (DPRISi) to the African deepwater market in 2009.
Since July 2010, the string has been used offshore Nigeria. A total of 20 runs have been performed with this DPRIS, resulting in the safe and efficient installation of four trees. These trees have had no cleaning issues and no rust debris impacting operations.
Proper operating procedures implemented by field personnel have allowed for safe and efficient subsea DPRIS runs to date and provide confidence in future runs (38 more trees are planned).
Before DPRIS, most operators used conventional drill pipe available on rigs to install and retrieve the production adapter base and tree cap. While success varied, difficulties and risks arose using a hydraulic umbilical inside the riser, making it evident that technological improvement was needed to minimize interference between the pipe and the hydraulic lines.
The pipe delivered as part of this project, from VAM Drilling, are drill pipe risers with a propriety double shoulder connection and featuring a gas-tight metal-to-metal seal on the inner shoulder.
The standard offer for high-pressure DPR is 6-5/8" 0.5" wt and X-95 grade. VAM Drilling suggested this be changed to have a thick wall for corrosion allowance and higher grade for tensile strength, 6-5/8" 0.625" wt and G-105 grade.
The qualification program additionally covered all remaining requirements for full compliance to ISO-13628-7, which is believed to be a good certification level for such demanding and challenging operations.
The DPRIS system delivered in West Africa is a cost-efficient solution for subsea operations, workover applications and well intervention. This successful project, which provides technical and commercial value, is an example of how to implement a successful deepwater intervention business, not only in Africa but throughout the world.
Advanced Drilling Simulation Environment for Testing New Drilling Automation Techniques
Authors: Cayeux Eric , Daireaux Benoît , Dvergsnes Erik Wolden , Leulseged Amare , Bruun Bjørn Torstein , Herbert Mike 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Newly developed drilling automation systems locate a computer interface between commands issued by the driller and instructions transmitted to the drilling machinery. Such functions are capable of faster and more precise control than achieved by an unaided operator and thus can help drilling within narrow margins. To ensure that these systems work properly in all circumstances, an advanced drilling simulator has been developed to enable testing under a wide range of simulated conditions.
The environment described in this paper uses hardware in the loop simulation to verify that the automation techniques being tested respond correctly in real-time. Rigorously validated physical models of the drilling process simulate the response of the well to the commands given to the drilling machines. Abnormal drilling conditions (pack-offs, kicks, etc.), and equipment or machine related problems (plugged nozzles, power shortage, etc.) are convincingly recreated.
The drilling simulator models the behavior of surface equipment like the activation of gate valves to line up different pits or the flow in the mud return. It simulates changes in the drilling fluid properties when mixing additives to the mud. It is therefore possible to focus training sessions on cooperation between different groups at the wellsite. This is particularly useful when planning the introduction of drilling automation that involves new work procedures as a result of automation and adaptation of the drilling team to a new operational environment.
Drilling operations are becoming more and more complex. Automation has the potential to provide large improvements in efficiency and safety, but automation technologies must be implemented correctly at the workplace. In the same way as the aviation industry has utilized simulated environments for decades, drilling simulation environments are the key to the safe and successful implementation of drilling automation and the development of crew skills to face future challenges.
Applying Theoretical Control Strategies for ROP Optimization and Offshore Well Costs Mitigation
Authors: Folsta M. G. , Martins A. L. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Process control strategies are widespread in the industry and provide cost reduction and reliability for different processes. Automation for Well construction technology is still an emerging technology, most probably due to data transmission limitations and to the several uncertainties inherent to the process. The elevated costs, especially in deepwater operations, and the society claims for safety improvement are the major drives for the increasing industrial efforts to overcome the steps for drilling automation. Several process can be controlled during well construction steps, such as: downhole pressure and torque on bit during drilling, bit cost minimization, keeping downhole pressures during influx circulations and tripping. The purpose of this article is to show a comprehensive analysis of the adequacy of different process control strategies to support the automation of the drilling process, with special focus on cost reduction. Initially, a traditional feed back approach was considered to compare different control methodologies, such as Proportional (P), Proportional-Integral (PI) and proportional – Integral- Differential (PID). Comparison in response times, attenuation rates and other control parameters are presented. Control stability performance was evaluated through the analysis of measurement and actuation delays, signal loss, magnitude of disturbs and other classic strategies.
Uncertainty Quantification of Real-Time Pore Pressure Models Caused by Normal Compaction Trend Line Setting
Authors: Bartetzko Anne , Wessling Stefan , Tesch Philipp , Lautenschläger Ulrike , Andonof Luis , Broadhead Daniel 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Pore pressure related wellbore instability is a recognized drilling challenge requiring attention as early as possible to mitigate and remediate severe drilling hazards such as kicks. Methods exist to quantify the effects of certain input parameters on pore pressure models, but the effect of the different, partly manual stages in pore pressure modeling on the uncertainty has rarely been addressed in the past.
This paper highlights uncertainty sources associated with the basic stages in pore pressure modeling: shale discrimination using the gamma ray log and definition of the normal compaction trend line, either manually or using a regression analysis. Furthermore, filtering of the data prior to trend line definition may also add to some amount of uncertainty. These uncertainties in pore pressure prediction introduced by the modeling stages is demonstrated on an example data set from an offshore well. In particular, we show that applying different shale discrimination approaches can introduce pore pressure variations. Furthermore, a variation in depth intervals over which the trend line is automatically determined by linear regression can add more uncertainty to the pore pressure model.
An approach is presented to quantify pore pressure uncertainty by automatically analyzing the variation in normal compaction trend lines. The application of the proposed method aims to constrain and quantify the error associated in modeling pore pressure in real-time, based on surface and subsurface (MWD and LWD) data. Modeling both pore pressure and its uncertainty creates additional value for safer drilling, because rig and remote monitoring personnel are made aware of a dynamic updated pore pressure range in addition to the possible pressure regimes interpreted during pre-drill modeling.