bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Reference Manure Concept for Transformation Tests of Veterinary Medicines and Biocides in Liquid Manure
Authors: Kreuzig Robert 
Published: September 2010

AbstractVeterinary medicines and biocides are frequently applied in animal houses of livestock husbandry. Due to these application patterns, they reach liquid manure. So far these substances are not transformed during manure storage, they enter soil by the application of manure as organic fertilizer. Therefore, biodegradability of veterinary medicines and biocides in manure is in the focus of regulatory procedures of environmental risk assessment. Since the representative and reproducible sampling of manures from high volume tanks is considered impossible due to high matrix variabilities, the reference manure concept was developed to utilize liquid bovine and pig manures for reproducible laboratory testing. Accordingly, excrement samples of cattle and pigs individually kept at experimental and conventional animal houses were taken. Tap water was added to matrix characterized excrements in order to prepare bovine and pig reference manures of 10 and 5% dry substance contents, respectively. Subsequently, the long‐term transformation of selected 14C‐labeled test substances was investigated under strictly anaerobic conditions. The application of different batches of bovine or pig reference manures indicated that extrapolation of transformation rates within the same animal species was possible. However, results cannot be transferred from bovine to pig manure because of substance specific interactions with the different manure matrices. The dependency of metabolic dynamics on different dry substance contents (2.5, 5, 10%) was additionally investigated in both manure matrices. These tests clearly showed that the dry substance content of the reference manure is one of the most relevant factors affecting the transformation of veterinary medicines and biocides. In contrast to highly variable tank manures, the reference manure concept allows for the exact adjustment of this parameter to guarantee reproducible laboratory testing.
The Annual Characteristics of Rainwater HCHO in Guiyang City, Southwest of China
Authors: Gang Xu , HongBo Shao , XinQing Lee , YingChun Lv 
Published: September 2010

AbstractHCHO is ubiquitous and important chemical constitutes in the troposphere. The concentrations of the HCHO (aq) in the rainwater were measured in the Guiyang city, southeastern of China from May 2006 to April 2007 and 153 discrete samples were collected. Rainwater (N = 151) HCHO (aq) concentrations ranged from lower than method detection limit (MDL) to 40.2 µmol/L with a volume weighted mean value of 7.4 ± 8.8 µmol/L. The strong correlations between HCHO (aq) and HCOO− (r = 0.69, n = 137), HCHO (aq) and nss‐${\rm SO}_{{\rm 4}}^{{\rm 2 - }} $ (r = 0.74, n = 137), HCHO (aq) and ${\rm NO}_{{\rm 3}}^{{\rm - }} $ (r = 0.67, n = 137), HCHO (aq) and ${\rm NH}_{{\rm 4}}^{{\rm + }} $ (r = 0.74, n = 133) suggest the significant influence of the anthropogenic input for the HCHO (aq) levels. The concentration levels of rainwater HCHO (aq) was inversely proportional to the amount of rainfall, indicating the below‐cloud process is the most important mechanism for rainwater HCHO (aq) scavenging processes. More than 70% of the HCHO (aq) wet deposition took place during the early stage of the rainfall. According to the air mass back‐trajectory analysis, the rainwater with industrial back‐trajectories coming from the north had the highest levels of HCHO (aq) while the rainwater with the green‐covered or marine back‐trajectories from the southeast had the lowest concentrations, and this indicate the HCHO (aq) originated from urban or industrial regions served as an important source of the rainwater. The annual HCHO (aq) wet deposition flux was calculated as 6.96 mmol/m2 per year and the total deposition flux was estimated as 24.35 mmol/m2 per year, 71.4% of which was dominated by dry deposition.
Central Composite Design Optimization of Biological Dye Removal in the Presence of Macroalgae Chara sp.
Authors: Khataee Ali R. , Dehghan Gholamreza , Ebadi Elahe , Pourhassan Minoo 
Published: September 2010

AbstractResponse surface methodology (RSM) was employed to investigate the effects of different operational parameters on the biological decolorization of a dye solution containing malachite green (MG) in the presence of macroalgae Chara sp. The investigated variables were the initial pH, initial dye concentration, algae amount, and reaction time. Central composite design (CCD) was used for the optimization of biological decolorization process. Predicted values were found to be in good agreement with experimental values (R2 = 0.982 and Adj‐R2 = 0.966), which indicated suitability of the employed model and the success of RSM. The results of optimization predicted by the model showed that maximum decolorization efficiency was achieved at the optimum condition of the initial pH 6.8, initial dye concentration 9.7 mg/L, algae amount 3.9 g, and reaction time 75 min. UV–VIS spectra and FT‐IR analysis showed degradation of MG.
The utility of napsin‐A in the identification of primary and metastatic lung adenocarcinoma among cytologically poorly differentiated carcinomas
Authors: Stoll Lisa M. , Johnson Michael W. , Gabrielson Edward , Askin Fredrick , Clark Douglas P. , Li Qing Kay 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:New developments in the treatment of lung cancer have necessitated the further histologic and cytologic subtyping of nonsmall cell lung carcinomas. Thyroid transcription factor‐1 (TTF‐1) long has served as the predominant marker for demonstrating lung origin. However, it is also expressed in a variety of other tumors, particularly neuroendocrine neoplasms and, to a much lesser degree, squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. Napsin‐A, which is expressed in lung tissue, is a relatively new marker for lung adenocarcinoma. In this study, the authors examined the utility of napsin‐A compared with TTF‐1 in cytologic specimens of primary and metastatic, poorly differentiated lung adenocarcinomas.METHODS:The archives of the Department of Pathology at The Johns Hopkins Hospital were searched for cytologic cases of poorly differentiated lung adenocarcinoma that were histologically confirmed. In total, 75 patients (cases) along with 95 controls were included, each of whom had adequate cell block material for TTF‐1 and napsin‐A staining. Tissue microarrays of lung adenocarcinoma also were examined.RESULTS:TTF‐1 and napsin‐A were detected in 61 of 75 cases (81.3%) and in 49 of 75 cases (65.3%), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of TTF‐1 were 81% each; and napsin‐A had a greater specificity of 96%, and sensitivity of 65%. Napsin‐A was not detected in small cell carcinomas or in other carcinomas of nonlung origin except for renal cell carcinoma.CONCLUSIONS:Although TTF‐1 had a higher sensitivity, napsin‐A was useful as a surrogate marker when encountering a poorly differentiated lung adenocarcinoma or an unknown primary tumor, particularly in cytologic specimens and difficult cases. The current results indicate that the dual use of both markers may be necessary to improve diagnostic accuracy. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Quantum Chemical Study of the Reaction between Ni+ and H2S
Authors: Lakuntza Oier , Matxain Jon M. , Ugalde Jesus M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe reaction between the Ni+ cation and H2S is studied by considering both the doublet ground state and the lowest‐lying quartet state. For the doublet state the reaction is endothermic, whereas it is exothermic for the quartet state. Both CCSD(T)//B3LYP and B3LYP levels of theory, combined with the triple‐zeta quality TZVP++G(3df,2p), predict that there are three spin crossings along the characterized reaction path. The first one is located after the first transition state, and the second and third ones before and after the second transition state. On the quartet potential energy surface, both transition states are close in energy to the reactants, while on the doublet surface both lie quite higher in energy. The doublet and quartet states of the HNiSH+ four‐membered intermediate lie very close in energy and their corresponding electronic configurations are connected by a single electron flip. This suggests that the ‐SH ligand would not prevent a facile intersystem crossing at this intermediate molecule, in contrast to the larger protection provided by the more electronegative OH ligand.
Thermodynamics and Kinetics of the Complexation Reaction of Lead by Calix‐DANS4
Authors: Wu Ting , Leray Isabelle , Génot Valérie , Lefèvre Jean Pierre , Korovitch Alexandre , Ha‐Duong Nguyêt‐Thanh , El Hage Chahine Jean‐Michel , Delaire Jacques Alexis 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe thermodynamics and kinetics of the complexation reaction between lead ions and the fluorescent sensor Calix‐DANS4 are determined to optimize the geometry of the microreactor used for the flow‐injection analysis of lead and to tune the working conditions of this microdevice. Under our experimental conditions (pH 3.2, low concentration of Calix‐DANS4) the 1:1 Pb2+‐Calix‐DANS4 complex is predominantly formed with a high stability constant (log K1:1=6.82) and a slow second‐order rate constant (k=9.4×104 L mol−1 s−1). Due to this sluggish complexation reaction, the microchannel length must be longer than 130 mm and the flow rate lower than 0.25 mL h−1 to have an almost complete reaction at the output of the microchannel and a high sensitivity for the heavy metal detection. After determination of the values of the reaction times in our different microdevices, it is possible to simulate the calibration curves for the fluorimetric detection of lead under different conditions. An original method is also presented to determine mixing times in microreactors.
Homogeneous Oxidation Reactions of Propanediols at Low Temperatures
Authors: Díaz Eva , Sad María Eugenia , Iglesia Enrique 
Published: September 2010

AbstractO2 reacts with propanediols via homogeneous pathways at 400–500 K. 1,2‐Propanediol forms CH3CHO, HCHO, and CO2 via oxidative CC cleavage and acetone via dehydration routes, while symmetrical 1,3‐propanediol undergoes dehydration and oxidative dehydrogenation to form, almost exclusively, acrolein (ca. 90 % selectivity). The products formed and their kinetic dependence on reactant concentrations are consistent with radical‐mediated pathways initiated by O2 insertion into CH bonds in a β position relative to oxygen atoms in diol reactants. Propagation involves β‐scission reactions that form hydroxyl and hydroxyalkyl radicals. Acrolein/O2/H2O mixtures from the homogeneous oxidation of 1,3‐propanediol form acrylic acid (with 90 % yield) in tandem reactors containing molybdenum‐vanadium oxide catalysts. These data reveal the unique reactivity of diols, compared with triols and alkanols, in homogeneous oxidations, while also providing useful insight into the molecular basis for reactivity in biomass‐derived oxygenates.
Different biology and clinical outcome according to the absolute numbers of clonal B‐cells in monoclonal B‐cell lymphocytosis (MBL)
Authors: Rawstron Andy C. , Shanafelt Tait , Lanasa Mark C. , Landgren Ola , Hanson Curtis , Orfao Alberto , Hillmen Peter , Ghia Paolo 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe biological and clinical relationship between Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL) and Monoclonal B‐cell Lymphocytosis (MBL) has now been reported in some detail. This review investigates associations between biology and disease activity as they relate to the absolute numbers of abnormal cells. The clonal B‐cells in CLL‐type MBL are indistinguishable from CLL with respect to surface phenotype and the presence of chromosomal abnormalities. However, the majority of CLL‐type MBL cases in the general population have very low numbers of clonal B‐cells, typically in the range 0.1–10 per μL, and such cases use different IGHV genes than higher‐count CLL‐type MBL cases and often show intraclonal heterogeneity. Cases with higher counts are biologically similar to CLL although there is a relationship between the CLL cell count at presentation and the likelihood of further clonal expansion. Individuals presenting with CLL cell counts above 2,000 per μL are more likely to have gradually increasing B‐cell counts over time and although the risk of requiring treatment for progressive CLL remains low there may be impaired normal B‐cell activity. © 2010 International Clinical Cytometry Society
The New Zealand black mouse as a model for the development and progression of chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Salerno Erica , Yuan Yao , Scaglione Brian J. , Marti Gerald , Jankovic Alexander , Mazzella Fermina , Fernanda Laurindo Maria , Despres Daryl , Baskar Sivasubramanian , Rader Christoph , Raveche Elizabeth 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground:Similar to a subset of human patients who progress from monoclonal B lymphocytosis (MBL) to chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), New Zealand Black (NZB) mice have an age‐associated progression to CLL. The murine disease is linked to a genetic abnormality in microRNA mir‐15a/16‐1 locus, resulting in decreased mature miR‐15a/16.Methods:Spleens of aging NZB were analyzed for the presence of B‐1 cells via flow cytometry and for the presence of a side population (SP) via the ability of cells to exclude Hoechst 33342 dye. The SP was assayed for the presence of hyperdiploid B‐1 clones and for the ability to differentiate into B‐1 cells in vitro and transfer disease in vivo. In addition, enhanced apoptosis of chemoresistant NZB B‐1 cells was examined by restoring miR‐16 levels in nutlin‐treated cells.Results:Aging NZB mice develop a B‐1 expansion and clonal development that evolves from MBL into CLL. An expansion in SP is also seen. Although the SP did contain increased cells with stem cell markers, they lacked malignant B‐1 cells and did not transfer disease in vivo. Similar to B‐1 cells, splenic NZB SP also has decreased miR‐15a/16 when compared with C57Bl/6. Exogenous addition of miR‐15a/16 to NZB B‐1 cells resulted in increased sensitivity to nutlin.Conclusion:NZB serve as an excellent model for studying the development and progression of age‐associated CLL. NZB SP cells do not seem to contain cancer stem cells, but rather the B‐1 stem cell. NZB B‐1 chemoresistance may be related to reduced miR‐15a/16 expression. © 2010 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Human peripheral blood B‐cell compartments: A crossroad in B‐cell traffic
Authors: Perez‐Andres M. , Paiva B. , Nieto W. G. , Caraux A. , Schmitz A. , Almeida J. , Vogt R. F. , Marti G. E. , Rawstron A. C. , Van Zelm M. C. , Van Dongen J. J. M. , Johnsen H. E. , Klein B. , Orfao A. ,   and the Primary Health Care Group of Salamanca for the Study of MBL
Published: September 2010

AbstractA relatively high number of different subsets of B‐cells are generated through the differentiation of early B‐cell precursors into mature B‐lymphocytes in the bone marrow (BM) and antigen‐triggered maturation of germinal center B‐cells into memory B‐lymphocytes and plasmablasts in lymphoid tissues. These B‐cell subpopulations, which are produced in the BM and lymphoid tissues, recirculate through peripheral blood (PB), into different tissues including mucosa and the BM, where long‐living plasma cells produce antibodies. These circulating PB B‐cells can be classified according to their maturation stage into i) immature/transitional, ii) naïve, and iii) memory B‐lymphocytes, and iv) plasmablasts/plasma cells. Additionally, unique subsets of memory B‐lymphocytes and plasmablasts/plasma cells can be identified based on their differential expression of unique Ig‐heavy chain isotypes (e.g.: IgM, IgD, IgG, IgA). In the present paper, we review recent data reported in the literature about the distribution, immunophenotypic and functional characteristics of these cell subpopulations, as well as their distribution in PB according to age and seasonal changes. Additional information is also provided in this regard based on the study of a population‐based cohort of 600 healthy adults aged from 20 to 80 years, recruited in the Salamanca area in western Spain. Detailed knowledge of the distribution and traffic of B‐cell subsets through PB mirrors the immune status of an individual subject and it may also contribute to a better understanding of B‐cell disorders related to B‐cell biology and homeostasis, such as monoclonal B‐cell lymphocytosis (MBL). © 2010 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Prevalence, clinical aspects, and natural history of IgM MGUS
Authors: McMaster Mary L. , Landgren Ola 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground:Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are related B‐cell cancers that share several clinical and biological features. Both WM and CLL have associated precursor conditions: monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) of immunoglobulin M (IgM) type and monoclonal B‐cell lymphocytosis (MBL), respectively. Recently, a case of MBL with an IgM MGUS was reported, suggesting a close biological relationship between these entities. While much is known about MGUS overall, investigations of IgM MGUS specifically have been fragmentary.Methods:In this article, we review data on the prevalence, clinical aspects and natural history of IgM MGUS, and focus on identifying gaps in our understanding of the complex relationships among B‐cell malignancies and their precursors.Results:There appears to be marked heterogeneity in the prevalence of IgM MGUS across populations. However, studies have varied in definition, design, laboratory methods, and endpoints. IgM MGUS differs from non‐IgM MGUS in certain respects, including prevalence across racial groups, rate of progression, and pattern of malignant outcomes. There are limited data regarding the coincident occurrence of IgM MGUS and MBL.Conclusions:Future studies incorporating both protein electrophoresis and flow cytometry are needed to define the underlying spectrum and causes of precursor development, risk factors for progression, and markers that distinguish low‐ and high‐risk precursor patients. Published 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Elucidation of seventeen human peripheral blood B‐cell subsets and quantification of the tetanus response using a density‐based method for the automated identification of cell populations in multidimensional flow cytometry data
Authors: Qian Yu , Wei Chungwen , Eun‐Hyung Lee F. , Campbell John , Halliley Jessica , Lee Jamie A. , Cai Jennifer , Kong Y. Megan , Sadat Eva , Thomson Elizabeth , Dunn Patrick , Seegmiller Adam C. , Karandikar Nitin J. , Tipton Christopher M. , Mosmann Tim , Sanz Iñaki , Scheuermann Richard H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground:Advances in multiparameter flow cytometry (FCM) now allow for the independent detection of larger numbers of fluorochromes on individual cells, generating data with increasingly higher dimensionality. The increased complexity of these data has made it difficult to identify cell populations from high‐dimensional FCM data using traditional manual gating strategies based on single‐color or two‐color displays.Methods:To address this challenge, we developed a novel program, FLOCK (FLOw Clustering without K), that uses a density‐based clustering approach to algorithmically identify biologically relevant cell populations from multiple samples in an unbiased fashion, thereby eliminating operator‐dependent variability.Results:FLOCK was used to objectively identify seventeen distinct B‐cell subsets in a human peripheral blood sample and to identify and quantify novel plasmablast subsets responding transiently to tetanus and other vaccinations in peripheral blood. FLOCK has been implemented in the publically available Immunology Database and Analysis Portal—ImmPort (http://www.immport.org)—for open use by the immunology research community.Conclusions:FLOCK is able to identify cell subsets in experiments that use multiparameter FCM through an objective, automated computational approach. The use of algorithms like FLOCK for FCM data analysis obviates the need for subjective and labor‐intensive manual gating to identify and quantify cell subsets. Novel populations identified by these computational approaches can serve as hypotheses for further experimental study. © 2010 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis: Clinical and population perspectives
Authors: Caporaso Neil E. , Marti Gerald E. , Landgren Ola , Azzato Elizabeth , Weinberg J. Brice , Goldin Lynn , Shanafelt Tait 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMonoclonal B Cell Lymphocytosis (MBL) refers to clones of CLL‐like cells that exhibit CLL characteristics that fall short of the numbers required for CLL diagnosis. Data from large CLL kindreds document increased prevalence of MBL suggesting a genetic contribution to its etiology. The molecular features that favor progression of MBL to CLL are poorly understood but an elevated B‐cell count is a risk factor for progression. An important consideration when evaluating volunteers from CLL families who are willing to donate bone marrow is that MBL be ruled out since the MBL donor clone could result in a second CLL in the recipient. Further studies of MBL are needed to identify the molecular features and how they evolve during progression. Published 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A computer simulation for exploring the detection of monoclonal B‐cell lymphocytosis by flow cytometry
Authors: Champion Patrick D. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground:Monoclonal B‐cell lymphocytosis (MBL) is defined by the presence of monoclonal B‐cells in peripheral blood in the absence of hematologic disease. MBL is detected by flow cytometry with increasing frequency as the number of B‐cells acquired increases.Methods:Computer simulations in R language were used to examine the impact of increasing the number of B‐cells acquired on the sensitivity of detecting MBL and to explore the possibility of detecting distinct B‐cell clones among polyclonal B‐cell populations.Results:With simulated populations containing 0.1%–1.0% monoclonal B‐cells, the number of clonal B‐cells detected showed a normal distribution in the upper range of clonal cells acquired and more nearly log‐normal as the distributions became bounded by 0. The distributions peaked around the clonal prevalence. The detection of MBL increased sharply with a small increase in the total number of B‐cells acquired when the number of clonal cells acquired was near the MBL cutoff point. MBL could be detected in log‐normally distributed polyclonal B‐cell populations.Conclusions:Sampling variability in detecting monoclonal B‐cells can be investigated through simulation. The observed population prevalence of MBL can be approximated with reasonable assumptions about the distribution of clonotypes in the circulating B‐cell compartment. © 2010 International Clinical Cytometry Society