bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computational Analysis of Molecular Interaction Networks Underlying Change of HIV-1 Resistance to Selected Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
Authors: Kierczak Marcin , Dramiński Michał , Koronacki Jacek , Komorowski Jan 
Published: December 2010

Motivation Despite more than two decades of research, HIV resistance to drugs remains a serious obstacle in developing efficient AIDS treatments. Several computational methods have been developed to predict resistance level from the sequence of viral proteins such as reverse transcriptase (RT) or protease. These methods, while powerful and accurate, give very little insight into the molecular interactions that underly acquisition of drug resistance/hypersusceptibility. Here, we attempt at filling this gap by using our Monte Carlo feature selection and interdependency discovery method (MCFS-ID) to elucidate molecular interaction networks that characterize viral strains with altered drug resistance levels. Results We analyzed a number of HIV-1 RT sequences annotated with drug resistance level using the MCFS-ID method. This let us expound interdependency networks that characterize change of drug resistance to six selected RT inhibitors: Abacavir, Lamivudine, Stavudine, Zidovudine, Tenofovir and Nevirapine. The networks consider interdependencies at the level of physicochemical properties of mutating amino acids, eg,: polarity. We mapped each network on the 3D structure of RT in attempt to understand the molecular meaning of interacting pairs. The discovered interactions describe several known drug resistance mechanisms and, importantly, some previously unidentified ones. Our approach can be easily applied to a whole range of problems from the domain of protein engineering. Availability A portable Java implementation of our MCFS-ID method is freely available for academic users and can be obtained at: http://www.ipipan.eu/staff/m.draminski/software.htm .
Intraoperative use of C-Arm as an Aid in Reduction of Zygomatic Complex Fractures
Authors: Kale Tejraj Pundalik , Balani Abhishek , Kotrashetty SM , Baliga SD 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT
To monitor the efficacy of C-Arm as a intraoperative tool in reduction of zygomatic complex fractures. 15 patients with isolated zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture, were selected for reduction of the same. C-Arm (image intensifier) images were taken intraoperatively. Standardization of all postoperative radiographs were done to evaluate the discrepancy in reduction. The maximum discrepancy after analysis of postoperative radiographs was within 2 mm, which was considered as acceptable limit. Thus, C-Arm is considered a useful tool for reduction of zygomatico-maxillary complex fractures with enhanced postoperative esthetics and functional results.
Effect of Long-term Corticosteroids on Dental Pulp
Authors: Santosh R , Meena N , Ashwini P , Kaiwar Anjali , Shetty Ashish , Naveen DN 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT
Corticosteroids are used in the treatment of chronic autoimmune diseases and many long-term illnesses. While these drugs may be considered essential for the patient's health, adverse reactions do occur. The incidence of adverse reactions depends upon the dose level and the duration of treatment. A pilot study was conducted on ten patients on long-term corticosteroids therapy. Pulpal obliteration was assessed by radiographic records. In most instances, pulpal changes to some degree were observed.
Part 1: “I would Rather have a Root Canal than...” Francis W Allen discusses the challenges of cleaning the canal thoroughly to minimize pain and ensure long-term success
Authors: Allen Francis W 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT
Cleaning and shaping of root canal system forms the most important step in root canal root canal therapy. Unfortunately most of the instruments and techniques advocated are unable to remove residual debris and bacteria, ultimately resulting in pain and failure. To eliminate the causes of pain, and ensure success, we must use instruments and employ a technique that can best accomplish proper cleaning and shaping. Virtually all canals have parallel walls, and are curved and oval in shape. Hence tapered instruments are unable to clean the canal effectively and increase the chances of ledges and transportation and extrusion of debris beyond the apex. With the introduction of Light Speed technology primary goal of endodontics which includes removal of debris safely and effectively can be achieved. This article focuses on the use of Light Speed technology to overcome the difficulties posed by the other instrumentation and techniques to achieve debris and bacteria free canal system.
Molecular Imaging: Implications for Oral Cancer
Authors: Raghavan Shubhasini A 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT
Cancer is a scourge that affects millions of the world population. The incidence of oral cancer is alarmingly high in the Indian subcontinent. What is more appalling is the low survival rate of these patients. Various efforts are being made to bring about early diagnosis, accurate staging and aggressive treatment. Molecular imaging is one step in this direction.
Today, imaging plays a role not just in detecting what is radiopaque and what is radiolucent, but also plays a very active role in detecting disease down to the level of a single cell. The field of molecular imaging has been defined as ‘the visualization, characterization, and measurement of biologic processes at molecular and cellular levels in humans and other living systems’. The amalgamation of advanced imaging techniques such as Positron Emission Tomography and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography with Computed Tomography, the use of newer contrast agents, incorporation of nanoparticles all have brought about these revolutionary changes in imaging.
The purpose of this article is to describe the various techniques used in molecular imaging specifically highlighting their application in head and neck cancer.
Trigeminal Neuralgia: Current Concepts in the Medical Management
Authors: Ceena Denny E , Jeena Priya K 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT
Trigeminal neuralgia (TN), also known as tic douloureux, is characterized by recurrent attacks of lancinating pain in the trigeminal nerve distribution. Typically, brief attacks are triggered by talking, chewing, teeth brushing, shaving, a light touch, or even a cool breeze. The pain is nearly always unilateral, and it may occur repeatedly throughout the day. The condition is characterized by intermittent one-sided facial pain. Trigeminal neuralgia can be classified based on the symptoms as typical and atypical trigeminal and according to etiology as primary or idiopathic and secondary or symptomatic. An early and accurate diagnosis of TN is important, because therapeutic interventions can reduce or eliminate pain attacks in the large majority of TN patients. Although various drugs have been used in the management of TN such as baclofen, gabapentin, phenytoin sodium, carbamazepine remains the gold standard drug of choice. Surgical approaches to pain management are performed when medication cannot control pain or patients cannot tolerate the adverse effects of the medication.
Spindle Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity: A Case Report of a Rare Entity and Review of Literature
Authors: Prakash Nilima , Harish Kumar MS , Sharada P , Pradeep GL 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT
Spindle cell carcinoma is a rare and peculiar biphasic malignant neoplasm that occurs mainly in the upper aerodigestive tract. It consists of sarcomatoid proliferation of pleomorphic spindle cells and squamous cell carcinoma. It is considered potentially aggressive in its biological nature with a high incidence of metastases. We report a case of this tumor with an unusual clinical course. The histogenesis of the spindle cell component is discussed in detail in the review of literature.
Juvenile Ossifying Fibroma in a Juvenile Diabetic: A Case Report with Surgical Management
Authors: Hosmani Jagadish , Byahatti Sujata M , Nayak Ranganath , Nayak Ramakant , Jayade Bhushan 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT
Juvenile ossifying fibroma (JOF) is a highly aggressive uncommon fibro-osseous lesion occurring in the facial bones. Two histological variants of JOF, i.e. trabecular and psammomatoid have been reported. Here we present a case of a 20-year-old juvenile diabetic patient with massive growth on her left side of the jaw which was diagnosed as juvenile ossifying fibroma. This huge aggressive mass in the left side of the mandible had lead to complete lingual tilting of molars and premolars. After clinical and radiological examination, a biopsy led to the histopathological diagnosis of mixed variant of juvenile ossifying fibroma. The required surgical treatment (hemimandibulectomy) was undertaken under GA. The aggressive local behavior and high recurrence rate of JOF emphasizes the need for an early diagnosis, and appropriate radical treatment with long-term follow-up. One such case is reviewed and discussed in detail in the following article.
Multiple Odontogenic Keratocysts
Authors: Charantimath Shivayogi , LNU Zameera , Bagewadi Anjana , Keluskar Vaishali 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTOdontogenic keratocyst is a cyst of odontogenic origin that exhibits a keratinized epithelial lining. Odontogenic keratocyst has been the topic of numerous investigators and is known for its potentially aggressive behavior and significant rate of recurrences.1OKC cyst often occurs as a solitary lesion at the angle of the mandible, however in some instances, multiple such cysts may occur in association with a syndrome called “Nevoid basal cell syndrome”.1These patients have propensity to develop multiple neoplasm including basal cell carcinoma and medulloblastoma. Hence early diagnosis and treatment is of utmost importance in reducing the severity of long-term sequelae of this syndrome. Here we present a case of multiple odontogenic keratocysts with nevi and narrowed ribs which has profound relevance to specialist in Oral Medicine and Radiology and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.
DNA Extraction from Pulp Tissue for its Application in PCR. A Study to Extract DNA with High Purity as Quantified by Gel Electrophoresis
Authors: Vaseemuddin Syed 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT
The isolation of human genomic DNA is an important step involved in genetic identity analysis. Also getting optimal quantity and quality of DNA is important as this can alter the results. This consideration is especially important in the field of forensic analysis and genetic identity, where DNA is extracted from extremely small amounts of starting material often recovered from suboptimal storage conditions. Odontological examinations have always been a critical determinant in the search of human identity. Teeth form a natural barrier to exogenous DNA contamination. DNA extraction from dental tissues both hard tissues and dental pulp, has been reported the use of dental pulp, as a source of DNA offers a new paradigm in the process of DNA extraction and its use in forensic analysis.11 The following procedures elucidate a novel method of extraction of DNA using dental pulp, which offers a cost-effective and attractive procedure, which can be replicated and applied in DNA amplification (PCR).
Pediatric Basic Resuscitation in Dental Office
Authors: Ahmed Bijle Mohammed Nadeem , Chunawalla Yussuf K , Mansukhani Kavina , Musale Prasad K 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTMedical emergencies are little understood by most of the dentists. Thus, there is a significant need for increased awareness by dental professionals in the area of emergency medicine. Medical emergencies can and do occur in pediatric patients. Therefore, pediatric dentists should develop skills to handle various pediatric emergencies that have the potential to develop life-threatening conditions. We must be aware of the various protocols for initial stabilization of pediatric victims at risk in dental setup. Every patient expects his/her dentist to be familiar with emergency interventions that include atleast basic life support requirements and, if necessary, advanced methods including administration of specific medication. This review article will brief us with basic protocols required to manage pediatric emergencies in case of life-threatening conditions.
Ultrasonography and Color Doppler as a Diagnostic Aid in Differentiation of Periapical Lesions of Endodontic Origin: Report of Two Cases
Authors: Boruah Lalit Chandra , Bhuyan AC 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT
Ultrasound with color Doppler is a proven, useful and noninvasive diagnostic tool in endodontics. It can give an idea about the nature and dimension of periapical lesion, which helps in preoperative assessment and treatment planning. This report discusses two cases of periapical lesions of endodontic origin diagnosed with the help of ultrasound and color Doppler and treated surgically.
Esthetic and Functional Rehabilitation of Mesiodens Associated with Dens Invaginatus
Authors: Nanjannawar Girish , Hegde Reshma S 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT
Anomalous and supernumerary teeth, when present in the oral cavity may affect the facial harmony and esthetics. Managing patients with anomalous and supernumerary teeth poses a challenge for dentists especially, when smile esthetics is affected. We report management of a case of mesiodens associated with dens invaginatus, a rare presentation wherein the patient required immediate esthetic restoration.

Key Message
Immediate esthetic management of mesiodens.
Between Indian Law and Qullasuyu Nationalism. Gregorio Titiriku and the Making of AMP Indigenous Activists, 1921-1964
Authors: Ari-Chachaki Waskar 
Published: December 2010

In 1921, when hard-line Liberal regimes ended in Bolivia, Gregorio Titiriku, an Uru-Aymara Indian from the shores of lake Titikaka (La Paz), started 50 years of Indian intellectual activism among the Alcaldes Mayores Particulares (AMP), a 450 cell network of indigenous intellectuals. Titiriku struggled against internal colonialism and was a crucial participant in the making of AMP subaltern nationalism. Titiriku’s ideas became a crucial part of AMP discourse, known during this time as Indian Law. This discourse promoted the worship of Pachamama (mother earth) and Achachillas (the spirit of the grandparents in the high hills of the Andes). AMP discourse sought to rename the nation of Qullas (currently known as Aymara-Quechuas). Titiriku was especially good at creating ideas for mobilization among the AMP, such as qullasuyun wawapa (the children of the Qulla tribes) in order to promote "jaqi" pride (indigenous peoples pride), and bayeta camisas (people who dress in “bayeta” in order to promote an Indian dress-code as part of a politics of identity). These ideas provide us with a privileged field for understanding of the relationship between alternative modernities and public spheres. Titiriku thus used AMP discourse to contest segregation policies and to resist mainstream civilization projects. The particularities of Indian Law and its strategic nationalism reveal the existence of alternative discourses of modernity largely forgotten in Bolivia. The analysis of AMP discourse helps us understand the longstanding presence of struggle for autonomy and hegemonic projects in Bolivia and provides us with a better comprehension of how internal colonialism and public audiences interact historically.
Women's Plan: Conceptual Framework and Methodology for the Buen Vivir
Authors: Paredes Julieta 
Published: December 2010

This article analyzes the impact that neoliberal policies have on women and sets out the epistemological fracture that communitarian feminism produces in Western feminism. We discuss the circumstances in which, for the first time in the history of Bolivian public policies for women, a Plan de las Mujeres emerges from within women’s social organizations. This article also offers the conceptual frame that guides such a Plan, which relies on five categories or fields of direct action that help us in defending ourselves from a market that has put our very lives on sale. These categories are our bodies, our space, our time, our memory, and the movements that we are able to articulate.
Nd:YAG Laser Capsulotomy: A Survey of UK Practice and Recommendations
Authors: Gomaa Ahmed , Liu Christopher 
Published: December 2010

Purpose TO determine national trends in YAG laser capsulotomy practice in the NHS. Methods A total of 300 consultants were randomly selected, based on a list from the Royal College of Ophthalmologists, to receive a postal questionnaire. It included 10 questions about YAG capsulotomy technique and postcapsulotomy management. Results A total of 158 (53%) replies were received; 132 (83.5%) questionnaires were completed correctly. Most consultants dilate the pupil prior to treatment (98.5%) and use contact lens (87.9%), with 63.5% reporting using contact lenses for more than one indication. Nearly half of the consultants used cruciate laser pattern (47.0%). Most aimed for capsulotomy size larger than undilated pupil size (64.4%). A total of 42.4% used postoperative steroid drops, 61.8% for 1 week. Half used postlaser intraocular pressure-lowering drops with the majority used as 1-stat dose (85.1%). A total of 60% are not reviewing cases. Cases reviewed are mostly seen by doctors, with 50% reviewed 1 month postlaser. Conclusions Though commonly practiced, there is still considerable variation in YAG laser capsulotomy practice among NHS consultant ophthalmologists. Evidence-based guidelines are warranted to lessen any unnecessary complications.
Central Corneal Thickness in Microphthalmic Eyes with or without History of Congenital Cataract Surgery
Authors: Filous Ales , Osmera Jakub , Hlozanek Martin , Mahelkova Gabriela 
Published: December 2010

Purpose TO determine the central corneal thickness (CCT) in microphthalmic aphakic or Pseudophakic eyes as well as in microphthalmic eyes without any history of eye surgery. Methods Thirty-two patients with a mean age of 6.41 ±5.24 years after congenital cataract surgery with absolute microcornea, i.e., horizontal corneal diameter (HCD) <10 mm, or relative microcornea, i.e., HCD 10–11 mm but in the affected eye at least 0.5 mm smaller compared to the fellow eye, formed group A. Thirteen patients of mean age 0.94±1.22 years with absolute or relative microcornea plus another developmental anomaly of an eye without any history of eye surgery formed group B. The patients with corneal edema or scars were excluded. The control group consisted of 124 healthy school-aged children. Horizontal corneal diameter was measured with caliper and CCT with an ultrasound pachymeter. In infants, these measurements were performed under general anesthesia. Results In 48 eyes in group A and in 16 eyes in group B, the mean CCT was 635.13±65.35 μm and 642.31±93.07 μm, respectively, which was significantly greater (p<0.0001 and p=0.0018) in comparison with the mean CCT (553.58±33.12 μm) in the control group. Regression curve demonstrated the significant increase of CCT values along with the decrease of HCD in microphthalmic eyes. Conclusions Small corneas in microphthalmic eyes either with or without congenital cataract surgery have significantly higher CCT. The results demonstrate significant negative correlation between horizontal corneal diameter and CCT.
Outcome of Phacoemulsification in Previously Vitrectomized Myopic Eyes with Axial Length Greater than 26 mm
Authors: Gupta Manish , Lascaratos Gerassimos , Syrogiannis Andreas , Verma Seema 
Published: December 2010

Purpose TO determine the outcome, including the intraoperative and postoperative complications, of phacoemulsification with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in myopic eyes with axial length of 26 mm or more that had undergone previous pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). Methods This prospective study comprised 37 highly myopic eyes (axial length over 26 mm) with previous vitrectomy that underwent phacoemulsification and were reviewed at a mean postoperative follow-up of 3–6 weeks. The main outcome measures were preoperative and postoperative spherical equivalent, preoperative and postoperative visual acuity, difference between intended and achieved refraction, and any complications during cataract surgery. Results The mean age for cataract surgery was 61.5 years. Nuclear sclerosis was present in 91.89% of patients. The mean axial length was 27.53 mm (range 26.03–30.52 mm). The most common indication for vitrectomy in our study was retinal detachment surgery (35 out of 37). Postoperatively, 34 patients (91.89%) had a visual acuity improvement of 2 or more Snellen lines and the best-corrected visual acuity at final refraction was 6/9 (0.2 logMAR) or better in 30 patients (81.08%). Two patients had perioperative complications (5.4%). Conclusions Cataract surgery with IOL implantation can be performed safely in highly myopic eyes after PPV and the final visual acuity outcomes appear to be dependent on the preoperative status of the retina. Our study suggests that the incidence of intraoperative and postoperative complications can be reduced to a minimum with proper planning and meticulous attention to detail during cataract surgery.
Isolated Optic Nerve Metastasis of Breast Cancer Initially Mimicking Retrobulbar Optic Neuritis
Authors: Cho Hyun Kyung , Park Shin Hae , Shin Sun Young 
Published: December 2010

Purpose TO report a pathologically confirmed case of optic nerve metastasis of breast carcinoma, which was initially misdiagnosed as a retrobulbar optic neuritis. There have been no case reports of isolated optic nerve metastasis of breast carcinoma with nonspecific initial fundus and neuroimaging findings. Methods A 51-year-old woman presented with decreased visual acuity in her left eye for 15 days. She had undergone a left modified radical mastectomy 10 years earlier. The funduscopic findings were nonspecific, except for a slightly enlarged cup-to-disc ratio of 0.6 in both eyes. The brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings were nonspecific and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings were also nonspecific and negative for malignant cells. Therefore, she was diagnosed with idiopathic retrobulbar optic neuritis rather than metastasis of breast carcinoma. Intravenous steroid pulse therapy was given for 3 days. Results The left visual acuity decreased gradually, and after 2 months was light perception-negative in the left eye. Fundus findings and CSF study results were also nonspecific as the initial presentation. On the subsequent orbit MRI, diffuse enlargement and an enhancing segment of the left optic nerve was observed, which suggested metastasis to the left optic nerve. A craniotomy and biopsy of the left optic nerve was performed. The pathologic results revealed metastatic invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. She underwent Cyberknife surgery followed by systemic chemotherapy. Conclusions Patients with known cancer at another site of the body who develop optic neuropathy, with or without evidence of metastasis, should be suspected to have cancer as a cause.