bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pseudo‐heterozygous rearrangement mutation of parkin
Authors: Funayama Manabu , Yoshino Hiroyo , Li Yuanzhe , Kusaka Hiromichi , Tomiyama Hiroyuki , Hattori Nobutaka 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackground:Mutations in parkin are the most frequent cause of autosomal recessive parkinsonism. Quantitative PCR is used to detect parkin rearrangements. However, the method has an inherent problem—deletion and duplication in the same allelic exon could be determined as normal. To present this misidentification, we report a family with compound heterozygous rearrangements in parkin.Methods:A patient with early‐onset parkinsonism and the parents were investigated by quantitative PCR, haplotype analysis, reverse‐transcription PCR, and direct sequencing.Results:A single heterozygous duplication (duplication of exons 6–7) was identified in the patient by quantitative PCR. Detailed analysis of the family revealed the patient carried compound heterozygous of combined deletion (deletion of exons 3–5) and duplication (duplication of exons 3–7).Conclusions:For correct determination of rearrangement mutation, mutation analysis of the patient as well as other family members and/or break‐point analysis of genomic DNA and at the transcript level should be conducted. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
Increased medial orbitofrontal [18F]fluorodopa uptake in Parkinsonian impulse control disorders
Authors: Joutsa Juho , Martikainen Kirsti , Niemelä Solja , Johansson Jarkko , Forsback Sarita , Rinne Juha O. , Kaasinen Valtteri 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackground:Impulse control disorders (ICDs) occur frequently in PD patients.Methods:To investigate the possible involvement of the mesostriatal and mesolimbic monoaminergic function in ICDs associated with PD, we examined patients with (n = 10) and without (n = 10) ICDs using the brain [18F]fluorodopa PET.Results:Patients with ICDs (e.g., pathological gambling, hypersexuality, and compulsive eating) showed up to 35% higher [18F]fluorodopa uptake in the medial orbitofrontal cortex, compared to control patients, but no differences in the striatum. The results remained significant also after excluding subjects with comorbid psychiatric disorders.Conclusions:Increased monoaminergic activity in the medial orbitofrontal cortex might be associated with increased sensitivity for ICDs under dopamine‐replacement therapy in PD. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
A new fourth‐order numerical algorithm for a class of three‐dimensional nonlinear evolution equations
Authors: Deng Dingwen , Zhang Chengjian 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn this article, a new compact alternating direction implicit finite difference scheme is derived for solving a class of 3‐D nonlinear evolution equations. By the discrete energy method, it is shown that the new difference scheme has good stability and can attain second‐order accuracy in time and fourth‐order accuracy in space with respect to the discrete H1 ‐norm. A Richardson extrapolation algorithm is applied to achieve fourth‐order accuracy in temporal dimension. Numerical experiments illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of the extrapolation algorithm. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2013
The peritoneal tumour microenvironment of high‐grade serous ovarian cancer
Authors: Leinster D Andrew , Kulbe Hagen , Everitt Gemma , Thompson Richard , Perretti Mauro , Gavins Felicity N. E , Cooper Dianne , Gould David , Ennis Darren P , Lockley Michelle , McNeish Iain A , Nourshargh Sussan , Balkwill Frances R 
Published: February 2012

AbstractHigh‐grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) disseminates early and extensively throughout the peritoneal space, causing multiple lesions that are a major clinical problem. The aim of this study was to investigate the cellular composition of peritoneal tumour deposits in patient biopsies and their evolution in mouse models using immunohistochemistry, intravital microscopy, confocal microscopy, and 3D modelling. Tumour deposits from the omentum of HGSC patients contained a prominent leukocyte infiltrate of CD3+ T cells and CD68+ macrophages, with occasional neutrophils. Alpha‐smooth muscle actin+ (α‐SMA+) pericytes and/or fibroblasts surrounded these well‐vascularized tumour deposits. Using the murine bowel mesentery as an accessible mouse peritoneal tissue that could be easily imaged, and two different transplantable models, we found multiple microscopic tumour deposits after i.p. injection of malignant cells. Attachment to the peritoneal surface was rapid (6–48 h) with an extensive CD45+ leukocyte infiltrate visible by 48 h. This infiltrate persisted until end point and in the syngeneic murine ID8 model, it primarily consisted of CD3+ T lymphocytes and CD68+ macrophages with α‐SMA+ cells also involved from the earliest stages. A majority of tumour deposits developed above existing mesenteric blood vessels, but in avascular spaces new blood vessels tracked towards the tumour deposits by 2–3 weeks in the IGROV‐1 xenografts and 6 weeks in the ID8 syngeneic model; a vigorous convoluted blood supply was established by end point. Inhibition of tumour cell cytokine production by stable expression of shRNA to CXCR4 in IGROV‐1 cells did not influence the attachment of cells to the mesentery but delayed neovascularization and reduced tumour deposit size. We conclude that the multiple peritoneal tumour deposits found in HGSC patients can be modelled in the mouse. The techniques described here may be useful for assessing treatments that target the disseminated stage of this disease. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fabrication of a‐plane InN nanostructures on patterned a‐plane GaN template by ECR‐MBE
Authors: Araki Tsutomu , Yamashita Shuhei , Yamaguchi Tomohiro , Yoon Euijoon , Nanishi Yasushi 
Published: February 2012

Abstracta‐plane InN nanostructures were fabricated on a hole‐patterned a‐plane GaN template by electron‐cyclotron‐resonance plasma‐excited molecular beam epitaxy (ECR‐MBE). The growth temperature should be optimized to realize precise nucleation at the patterned holes with sufficient In desorption and a sufficiently long In migration length. Polarity determination clearly revealed that a‐plane InN crystals have an anisotropic growth morphology. The InN growth rate in the N‐polar [000–1] direction is higher than those in the In‐polar [0001] and [1–100] directions. a‐plane InN nanowalls were fabricated by exploiting the different the growth rates in the 〈0001〉 and 〈1–100〉 directions.magnified image
SEM image of position‐controlled a‐plane InN nanostructures grown by ECR‐MBE on a hole‐patterned a‐plane GaN template.
Packing hamilton cycles in random and pseudo‐random hypergraphs
Authors: Frieze Alan , Krivelevich Michael 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe say that a k ‐uniform hypergraph C is a Hamilton cycle of type ℓ, for some 1 ≤ ℓ ≤ k, if there exists a cyclic ordering of the vertices of C such that every edge consists of k consecutive vertices and for every pair of consecutive edges Ei‐1,Ei in C (in the natural ordering of the edges) we have |Ei‐1 / Ei| = ℓ. We prove that for k/2 < ℓ ≤ k, with high probability almost all edges of the random k ‐uniform hypergraph H(n,p,k) with p(n) ≫ log 2n/n can be decomposed into edge‐disjoint type ℓ Hamilton cycles. A slightly weaker result is given for ℓ = k/2. We also provide sufficient conditions for decomposing almost all edges of a pseudo‐random k ‐uniform hypergraph into type ℓ Hamilton cycles, for k/2 ≤ ℓ ≤ k. For the case ℓ = k these results show that almost all edges of corresponding random and pseudo‐random hypergraphs can be packed with disjoint perfect matchings. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2012
The 2D‐directed spanning forest is almost surely a tree
Authors: Coupier David , Tran Viet Chi 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe consider the Directed Spanning Forest (DSF) constructed as follows: given a Poisson point process N on the plane, the ancestor of each point is the nearest vertex of N having a strictly larger abscissa. We prove that the DSF is actually a tree. Contrary to other directed forests of the literature, no Markovian process can be introduced to study the paths in our DSF. Our proof is based on a comparison argument between surface and perimeter from percolation theory. We then show that this result still holds when the points of N belonging to an auxiliary Boolean model are removed. Using these results, we prove that there is no bi‐infinite paths in the DSF. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2012
Tight Hamilton cycles in random uniform hypergraphs
Authors: Dudek Andrzej , Frieze Alan 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn this paper we show that e/n is the sharp threshold for the existence of tight Hamilton cycles in random k ‐uniform hypergraphs, for all k ≥ 4. When k = 3 we show that 1/n is an asymptotic threshold. We also determine thresholds for the existence of other types of Hamilton cycles. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2013
Significant motifs in time series
Authors: Castro Nuno C. , Azevedo Paulo J. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractTime series motif discovery is the task of extracting previously unknown recurrent patterns from time series data. It is an important problem within applications that range from finance to health. Many algorithms have been proposed for the task of efficiently finding motifs. Surprisingly, most of these proposals do not focus on how to evaluate the discovered motifs. They are typically evaluated by human experts. This is unfeasible even for moderately sized datasets, since the number of discovered motifs tends to be prohibitively large. Statistical significance tests are widely used in the data mining communities to evaluate extracted patterns. In this work we present an approach to calculate time series motifs statistical significance. Our proposal leverages work from the bioinformatics community by using a symbolic definition of time series motifs to derive each motif's p‐value. We estimate the expected frequency of a motif by using Markov Chain models. The p‐value is then assessed by comparing the actual frequency to the estimated one using statistical hypothesis tests. Our contribution gives means to the application of a powerful technique—statistical tests—to a time series setting. This provides researchers and practitioners with an important tool to evaluate automatically the degree of relevance of each extracted motif. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 5: 35–53, 2012
Activity matters: Understanding student interest in school science
Authors: Swarat Su , Ortony Andrew , Revelle William 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA genuine interest in science is an important part of scientific literacy, and thus a critical goal for science education. Recent studies, however, have found that school science has not been effective in meeting this goal, an important reason for which is the lack of knowledge about what makes science interesting (or not) to the students. Using instructional episodes as the unit of analysis, this study investigated the effects of learning environment elements (content topic, activity, and learning goal) on student interest in science. The findings indicated that when judging the interestingness of an instructional episode, students focused primarily on the form of activity rather than content topic and learning goal. Activities that were “hands‐on” in nature and allowed for engagement with technology elicited higher interest. This study highlights the need to place more emphasis on the role of activity in constructing interesting learning environments, and in the mean time, suggests that student science interest could be improved by making changes to relatively easy‐to‐manipulate aspects of learning environments, such as those examined in the study. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 49: 515–537, 2012
Processability of PVC plastisols containing a polyhydroxybutyrate‐polyhydroxyvalerate copolymer
Authors: Garcia‐Quesada Juan Carlos , Pelaez Ivan , Akin Okan , Kocabas Irmak 
Published: February 2012

AbstractPlastisols based on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) can be processed by different techniques; their processability markedly depends on their flow properties and gelation/fusion processes. Classically, PVC has been the only polymer present in plastisol formulations. The present work explored the possibility of adding polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), a type of biopolymer that, according to previous work, exhibits a good miscibility with PVC processed by other techniques (internal mixer and compression molding). The influence of PHA particles on flow properties, gelation‐fusion processes, tensile strength, hardness, and processability by rotomolding was evaluated. Although the biopolymer markedly increased the viscosity of PVC plastisols and caused a decrease in tensile strength in processed specimens, formulations including 20% by weight of biopolymer presented a good thickness distribution in rotomolded items, an elongation at break of around 300%, and an ultimate tensile strength of around 6–7 MPa. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL.,, 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Production of chiral alcohols from prochiral ketones by microalgal photo-biocatalytic asymmetric reduction reaction
Authors: Yang Zhong-Hua , Luo Li , Chang Xu , Zhou Wei , Chen Geng-Hua , Zhao Yan , Wang Ya-Jun 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Microalgal photo-biocatalysis is a green technique for asymmetric synthesis. Asymmetric reduction of nonnatural prochiral ketones to produce chiral alcohols by microalgal photo-biocatalysis was studied in this work. Acetophenone (ACP) and ethyl acetoacetate (EAA) were chosen as model substrates for aromatic ketones and β-ketoesters, respectively. Two prokaryotic cyanophyta and two eukaryotic chlorophyta were selected as photo-biocatalysts. The results proved that nonnatural prochiral ketones can be reduced by microalgal photo-biocatalysis with high enantioselectivity. Illumination is indispensable to the photo-biocatalysis. For aromatic ketone, cyanophyta are eligible biocatalysts. For ACP asymmetric reduction reaction, about 45% yield and 97% e.e. can be achieved by the photo-biocatalysis reaction with Spirulina platensis as biocatalyst. On the contrary, chlorophyta are efficient biocatalysts for β-ketoester asymmetric reduction reaction among the four tested algae. For EAA asymmetric reduction reaction, about 70% yield and 90% e.e. can be achieved with Scenedesmus obliquus as biocatalyst. The microalgae used in this study outperformed other characterized biocatalysts such as microbial and plant cells.
Monolith formation and ring-stain suppression in low-pressure evaporation of poly(ethylene oxide) droplets
Authors: Baldwin Kyle A. , Roest Samuel , Fairhurst David J. , Sefiane Khellil , Shanahan Martin E. R. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWhen droplets of dilute suspensions are left to evaporate the final dry residue is typically the familiar coffee-ring stain, with nearly all material deposited at the initial triple line (Deegan et al., Nature, vol. 389, 1997, pp. 827–829). However, aqueous poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) droplets only form coffee-ring stains for a very narrow range of the experimental parameters molecular weight, concentration and drying rate. Instead, over a wide range of values they form either a flat disk or a very distinctive tall central monolith via a four-stage deposition process which includes a remarkable bootstrap-building step. To predict which deposit will form, we present a quantitative model comparing the effects of advective build-up at the triple line to diffusive flux and use this to calculate a dimensionless number $\chi $. By experimentally varying concentration and flux (using a low-pressure drying chamber), the prediction is tested over nearly two orders of magnitude in both variables and shown to be in good agreement with the boundary between disks and monoliths at $\chi \approx 1. 6$.
Vitamin D3 and the risk of CVD in overweight and obese women: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Salehpour Amin , Shidfar Farzad , Hosseinpanah Farhad , Vafa Mohammadreza , Razaghi Maryam , Hoshiarrad Anahita , Gohari Mahmoodreza 
Published: February 2012

Evidence indicates that vitamin D deficiency contributes to CVD. We investigated the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in women. Healthy premenopausal overweight and obese women (n 77; mean age 38 (sd 8·1) years) were randomly allocated to the vitamin D (25 μg/d as cholecalciferol) or the placebo group in a double-blind manner for 12 weeks. Blood pressure, serum lipoproteins, apolipoproteins and anthropometric parameters were recorded. Dietary intake was recorded using 24 h food recall and FFQ. Physical activity was assessed by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Mean total cholesterol concentrations increased in the vitamin D group (0·08 (sd 0·56) mmol/l) but declined in the placebo group (0·47 (sd 0·58) mmol/l), and a significant effect was observed (P ≤ 0·001). In the vitamin D group, mean HDL-cholesterol concentration increased, whereas it decreased in the placebo group (0·07 (sd 0·2) v. − 0·03 (sd 0·2) mmol/l; P = 0·037). Mean apoA-I concentration increased in the vitamin D group, although it decreased in the placebo group (0·04 (sd 0·39) v. − 0·25 (sd 0·2) g/l; P ≤ 0·001). Mean LDL-cholesterol:apoB-100 ratio augmented in the vitamin D group, while this ratio declined in the placebo group (0·11 (sd 0·6) v. − 0·19 (sd 0·3); P = 0·014). Body fat mass was significantly decreased in the vitamin D group more than the placebo group ( − 2·7 (sd 2) v. − 0·4 (sd 2) kg; P ≤ 0·001). The findings showed that supplementation with vitamin D3 can significantly improve HDL-cholesterol, apoA-I concentrations and LDL-cholesterol:apoB-100 ratio, which remained significant in the multivariate model including anthropometric, dietary and physical activity measures.
The mossBryum argenteumvar.muticumBrid. is well adapted to cope with high light in continental Antarctica
Authors: Schroeter B. , Green T.G.A. , Kulle Daniel , Pannewitz S. , Schlensog M. , Sancho L.G. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe net photosynthetic rate (NP), chlorophyll fluorescence, carotenoid content and chlorophyll content of the cosmopolitan mossBryum argenteumwere measured in the field at Botany Bay, southern Victoria Land, continental Antarctica (77°S). Comparisons were made between sun- and shade-adapted forms, and changes were followed as the moss emerged from under the snow and during exposure of shade and sun forms to ambient light. Shade forms had lower light compensation and saturation values for NP but little difference in maximal NP rates. Shade forms exposed to ambient light changed rapidly (within five days) towards the performance of the sun forms. Surprisingly, this change was not by acclimation of shoots but by the production of new shoots. Chlorophyll and carotenoid levels measured on a molar chlorophyll basis showed no difference between sun and shade forms and also little change during emergence. The constant molar relationship between carotenoids and chlorophyll plus the high levels of the xanthophyll cycle pigments suggest that protection of the chlorophyll antenna was constitutive. This is an adaptation to the very high light levels that occur when the plants are active in continental Antarctica and contrasts to the situation in more temperate areas where high light is normally avoided by desiccation.
A qualitative study exploring experiences of discrimination associated with mental-health problems in Ireland
Authors: Lakeman R. , McGowan P. , MacGabhann L. , Parkinson M. , Redmond M. , Sibitz I. , Stevenson C. , Walsh J. 
Published: February 2012

Aims.Stigma and discrimination related to mental-health problems impacts negatively on people's quality of life, help seeking behaviour and recovery trajectories. To date, the experience of discrimination by people with mental-health problems has not been systematically explored in the Republic of Ireland. This study aimed to explore the experience impact of discrimination as a consequence of being identified with a mental-health problem.Methods.Transcripts of semi-structured interviews with 30 people about their experience of discrimination were subject to thematic analysis and presented in summary form.Results.People volunteered accounts of discrimination which clustered around employment, personal relationships, business and finance, and health care. Common experiences included being discounted or discredited, being mocked or shunned and being inhibited or constrained by oneself and others.Conclusions.Qualitative research of this type may serve to illustrate the complexity of discrimination and the processes whereby stigma is internalised and may shape behaviour. Such an understanding may assist health practitioners reduce stigma, and identify and remediate the impact of discrimination.
The structural, optical and electrical properties of Y-doped SnO thin films and their p-type TFT application
Authors: Liang Ling Yan , Liu Zhi Min , Cao Hong Tao , Xu Wang Ying , Sun Xi Lian , Luo Hao , Cang Kai 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Unintentionally doped and Y-doped SnO thin films were prepared and characterized by x-ray diffraction, spectroscopic ellipsometry, and Hall-effect measurements. SnO-based thin-film transistors were also fabricated and investigated. Preferred (0 0 l) grain orientation present in the undoped films is alleviated by Y doping, inducing the deterioration of crystallinity as well as the decrease in Hall-effect and saturation field-effect mobilities. However, both the films and the transistor devices always possess p-type characteristics in this study. As the Y content increases, the optical band gap, the real part of the dielectric constant of the films and the on/off current ratio of the devices increase. Moreover, the threshold voltage was observed to shift towards the positive direction as more yttrium content is introduced. These results give evidence that the yttrium element is incorporated into the SnO lattice successfully and higher hole concentration can be generated.
Judging Farmers' Willingness to Trade Distance and Taxes for Extension Services
Authors: Diekmann Florian , Loibl Cäzilia , Batte Marvin T. , Yen Meng‐Fen 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIs it necessary for the U.S. Cooperative Extension Service system to maintain an extension office in every county? Using stated choice data from a conjoint analysis experimental design, we examine the tradeoffs that farmers are willing to make when choosing between local offices based on differences in educational programs offered, expertise level of staffing educators, distance to the local office, and the level of local taxation required to support an extension office. Our results show farmers' willingness to travel further and/or pay higher taxes in support of their “local” extension office depends on access to specialized expertise, crop, economics/finance, and 4‐H programs, and shared facilities with USDA agencies. However, farmers may not be willing to pay enough for local offices to actually cover their costs.