bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agreement of anthropometric equations with the 4‐component model in the prediction of body fat in obese schoolchildren
Authors: VASQUEZ Fabian , DIAZ Erik , LERA Lydia , VASQUEZ Loretta , ANZIANI Alyerina , BURROWS Raquel 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAim:  To evaluate the agreement between body fat determined by the 4‐component (4C) model and anthropometric equations in obese schoolchildren.Methods:  The sample included 61 obese children (body mass index ≥ p 95) of both sexes, aged 8 to 13 years, from families with a history of chronic non‐transmissible disease, recruited from a school in a district of the city of Santiago. The multidimensional determination of body composition (not carried out in a Chilean population) included isotope dilution, air‐displacement plethysmography and radiographic absorption. Body fat was calculated using the Fuller 4C model. The results of this model were compared with the anthropometric equations generated by Slaughter, Ellis, Huang, Johnston and Deurenberg. This comparison was performed using Lin's agreement coefficient and the Bland and Altman method.Results:  The anthropometric equation that best correlated with the four reference components was Slaughter for males (r = 0.94; p < 0.0001) and Ellis equation (r = 0.96; p < 0.0001) in the females. The Slaughter equation underestimated body fat in males by −0.93 (−6.81 4.96) kg. In females, all of the anthropometric equations underestimated body fat, while Ellis showed the closest difference of 1.12 (−2.92 5.17) kg.Conclusions:  The Slaughter equation for obese boys and the Ellis equation in obese girls allowed an adequate estimation of total body fat, applicable to clinical and public health situations.
Anal glands of the Florida manatee, Trichechus manatus latirostris: A potential source of chemosensory signal expression
Authors: Bills Meghan L. , Samuelson Don A. , Larkin Iskande L. V. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn all vertebrate species examined, anal glands have been observed. These glands can be found anywhere along the anal canal and are generally a combination of apocrine and sebaceous adenomeres. They are used for signal expression in both terrestrial and aquatic settings. The goal of this study was to determine the morphology of the anal glands in the Florida manatee, Trichechus manatus latirostris, and suggest functional hypotheses through comparison to other species. Samples were collected from manatees of varying ages, during all seasons, and from both sexes (six females and five males). The glands were examined grossly and microscopically. They are present in fetal, juvenile, and adult male and female manatees and are found in clusters on each side of the anal canal within the sphincter muscles. Unlike in other species, the glands are solely apocrine without a sebaceous component. Branched tubules empty into collecting ducts and enter the anal canal at the anorectal junction. The secretion is mucus, protein, and lipid‐rich. The large size and productive nature of the glands suggest that, like anal glands in other species, these may be used for signal transmission. This is the first detailed description of anal glands in a fully aquatic mammal.
Optimization of Enzymatic Clarification of Green Asparagus Juice Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Chen Xuehong , Xu Feng , Qin Weidong , Ma Lihua , Zheng Yonghua 
Published: June 2012

Abstract:  Enzymatic clarification conditions for green asparagus juice were optimized by using response surface methodology (RSM). The asparagus juice was treated with pectinase at different temperatures (35 °C–45 °C), pH values (4.00–5.00), and enzyme concentrations (0.6–1.8 v/v%). The effects of enzymatic treatment on juice clarity and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical‐scavenging capacity were investigated by employing a 3‐factor central composite design coupled with RSM. According to response surface analysis, the optimal enzymatic treatment condition was pectinase concentration of 1.45%, incubation temperature of 40.56 °C and pH of 4.43. The clarity, juice yield, and soluble solid contents in asparagus juice were significantly increased by enzymatic treatment at the optimal conditions. DPPH radical‐scavenging capacity was maintained at the level close to that of raw asparagus juice. These results indicated that enzymatic treatment could be a useful technique for producing green asparagus juice with high clarity and high‐antioxidant activity.Practical Application:  Treatment with 1.45% pectinase at 40.56 ° C, pH 4.43, significantly increased the clarity and yield of asparagus juice. In addition, enzymatic treatment maintained antioxidant activity. Thus, enzymatic treatment has the potential for industrial asparagus juice clarification.Practical Application:  Treatment with 1.45% pectinase at 40.56 ° C, pH 4.43, significantly increased the clarity and yield of asparagus juice. In addition, enzymatic treatment maintained antioxidant activity. Thus, enzymatic treatment has the potential for industrial asparagus juice clarification.
Effect of HPMC on the Quality of Wheat‐Free Bread Made from Carob Germ Flour‐Starch Mixtures
Authors: Smith B.M. , Bean S.R. , Herald T.J. , Aramouni F.M. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract:  Carob germ proteins have been shown to have functional properties similar to wheat gluten enabling formulation and production of yeast leavened gluten‐free baked goods from a true dough rather than a stiff batter. The purpose of this research was to optimize the production of wheat‐free bread containing carob germ flour, corn starch, NaCl, sucrose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), and H2O. A key criterion was to formulate viscoelastic dough similar to wheat dough. To that end, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to determine optimal levels of carob germ flour, H2O, and HPMC. Components varied as follows: 4.94%–15.05% for carob germ flour, 0.05%–3.75% HPMC, and 65.25%–83.75% H2O (percents are on a flour basis, where carob germ flour in combination with maize starch equals 100%). Sucrose, NaCl, and yeast were held constant at 2%. Bread parameters evaluated were specific volume and crumb hardness, where the largest specific volume and the lowest value for crumb hardness were considered most desirable. The optimum formula as determined by RSM consisted of 7% carob germ flour, 93% maize starch, 2% HPMC, and 80% H2O with predicted crumb hardness of ∼200 g of force and a specific volume of ∼3.5 cm3/g. When proof time was optimized, a specific volume of ∼5.6 ml/g and crumb hardness value of ∼156 g of force was observed. Carob germ flour may be used as an alternative to wheat flour in formulating viscoelastic dough and high quality gluten‐free bread.Practical Application:  Celiac disease affects approximately 1% of the world's population. Sufferers of the disease must consume a gluten‐free diet. Currently, gluten‐free baked products are made from batters and lack the ability to be made from dough based systems which limits the overall processability and product variety. This research is aimed at the utilization of carob germ protein and its ability to form dough to produce an optimal gluten‐free bread formulation. This will help to alleviate problems in processability and product variety associated with gluten‐free baked goods.
Use of UV‐C Treatments to Maintain Quality and Extend the Shelf Life of Green Fresh‐cut Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors: Rodoni Luis M. , Concellón Analía , Chaves Alicia R. , Vicente Ariel R. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract:  The objective of this work was to select a Ultraviolet‐C (UV‐C) treatment for fresh‐cut mature green bell pepper, and to evaluate the effect of its combination with refrigeration on quality maintenance. Bell pepper sticks were treated with 0, 3, 10, or 20 kJ/m2 UV‐C in the outer (O), inner (I), or both sides of the pericarp (I/O) and stored for 8 d at 10 °C. During the first 5 d of storage, all UV‐C treatments reduced deterioration as compared to the control. The treatment with 20 kJ/m2 I/O was the most effective to reduce deterioration, and was used for further evaluations. In a second group of experiments, mature green bell pepper sticks were treated with 20 kJ/m2 I/O, stored at 5 °C for 7 or 12 d and assessed for physical and chemical analysis, and microbiological quality. UV‐C‐treated fruit showed lower exudates and shriveling than the control. UV exposure also reduced decay, tissue damage, and electrolyte leakage. After 12 d at 5 °C, UV‐C irradiated peppers remained firmer and had higher resistance to deformation than the control. The UV‐C treatments also reduced weight loss and pectin solubilization. UV‐C exposure decreased the counts of mesophile bacteria and molds, and did not affect acidity or sugars. UV‐C‐treated fruit stored for 0 or 7 d at 5 °C did not show major differences in antioxidants from the control as measured against DPPH• or ABTS•+ radicals. Results suggest that UV‐C exposure is useful to maintain quality of refrigerated fresh‐cut green pepper.Practical Application:  Exposure to UV‐C radiation before packing and refrigeration could be a useful nonchemical alternative to maintain quality and reduce postharvest losses in the fresh‐cut industry.
Effects of collecting serial tracheal aspirate and bronchoalveolar lavage samples on the cytological findings of subsequent fluid samples in healthy Standardbred horses
Authors: Tee SY , Dart AJ , MacDonald MH , Perkins NR , Horadagoda N , Jeffcott LB 
Published: June 2012

Objective To evaluate the effect of collecting serial tracheal aspirate (TA) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples on the cytological findings of subsequent fluid samples obtained from horses without clinical signs of respiratory disease.Study design Experimental.Study population Six healthy Standardbred horses.Methods Endoscopically‐guided TA samples, and BAL samples collected using the blind field technique were obtained from the six horses on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 12, and 17. On day 17, horses were sampled three times: at baseline and at 2.5 h and 4 h apart. The differential cytology of the fluid samples collected at each time point was expressed as percentages and compared statistically.Results There was a significant increase in neutrophil percentage in the TA samples taken at day 17 (at 2.5 h but not at 4 h apart). There was no significant change in the neutrophil percentages in the TA samples when repeated samples were taken ≥24 h apart. There was no significant change in the neutrophil percentages in the BAL fluid at any collection point. There were inconsistent changes in the percentages of lymphocytes and macrophages in the BAL fluid over time, but these remained within normal reference ranges and were considered clinically insignificant.Conclusions Serial TA and BAL samples can be taken at 24 h intervals without affecting the cytological findings of subsequent fluid samples collected using the techniques described.
Diferencias de evolución en el seguro de salud público del Japón y de la República de Corea: comparación entre el sistema de múltiples fondos y el sistema de fondo único
Authors: Jeong Hyoung‐Sun , Niki Ryu 
Published: June 2012

ResumenEl Japón y la República de Corea establecieron un seguro de salud de cobertura universal para sus poblaciones en 1961 y 1989, respectivamente. En la actualidad, el Japón aún cuenta con un sistema de seguro social de salud de múltiples fondos, mientras que la República de Corea ha estructurado el seguro nacional de salud en torno a un fondo único. Este artículo analiza la influencia de la economía política en las diferencias observables en las políticas de estos dos sistemas de seguro de salud de inspiración bismarckiana. Los temas abordados incluyen las diferencias de poder político, la influencia del sector de negocios en las políticas, el alcance de la autonomía regional y de la preservación de las características regionales, el grado de democratización política, la forma de conducción política y el estado de desarrollo del sistema de seguro de salud. El artículo presenta lecciones de política a partir de la experiencia de ambos países.
Deuda implícita de los planes de pensiones del sector público: una comparación internacional
Authors: Ponds Eduard , Severinson Clara , Yermo Juan 
Published: June 2012

ResumenLa mayor parte de los países tienen planes de pensiones separados para los empleados del sector público. La carga fiscal futura de estos planes puede ser importante, ya que el gobierno es, por lo general, el mayor empleador, los compromisos de pensiones en el sector público tienden a ser relativamente generosos y los pagos futuros proceden, de modo directo, de los ingresos estatales (según el método de reparto) o se realizan mediante planes por capitalización (fondos de pensiones) que tienden a estar insuficientemente financiados. La valoración y la publicación de información relativa a estos compromisos de pensiones son poco transparentes en algunos países, lo que puede ocultar enormes obligaciones fiscales que podrían pasar a generaciones futuras de trabajadores. Para poder realizar una comparación equitativa entre países en lo relativo a la carga fiscal de sus planes de pensiones del sector público, en este artículo se recomienda utilizar un procedimiento uniforme para valorar y publicar la información sobre las obligaciones de pensión no capitalizadas, que permita mejorar la transparencia y la formulación de las políticas. Se ha realizado una estimación del valor razonable neto de las obligaciones no capitalizadas a finales de 2008 en una muestra de países miembros de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE). Esta carga fiscal también se puede interpretar como la deuda implícita de pensiones en términos de su valor razonable.
¿Una idea cautivadoramente sencilla? Obstáculos prácticos en la aplicación de la renta básica universal
Authors: De Wispelaere Jurgen , Stirton Lindsay 
Published: June 2012

ResumenEn el presente artículo se estudia la aplicación de la renta básica universal, un asunto al que no se ha prestado atención en las investigaciones sobre la renta básica. Definimos y examinamos tres importantes obstáculos que pueden impedir que una renta básica alcance el objetivo de la universalidad que desean y proclaman sus defensores: a) el establecimiento de un censo de posibles solicitantes que abarque toda la población con derecho a ella y garantice el máximo número de beneficiarios; b) la creación de mecanismos de pago efectivos para que lleguen a todos los beneficiarios previstos, y c) la planificación de un mecanismo eficaz de supervisión para insertarlo dentro de un contexto político que excluya, de modo explícito, el seguimiento de los clientes. Sostenemos que la aplicación de una renta básica universal afronta problemas únicos que sus defensores deben estudiar atentamente.
WHEN THINKING HESITATES: PHILOSOPHY AS PROSTHESIS AND TRANSFORMATIVE VISION
Authors: AL‐SAJI ALIA 
Published: June 2012

abstractIn this essay, I draw on Henri Bergson and Maurice Merleau‐Ponty to interrogate what philosophy is and how it can continue to think. Though my answer is not reducible to the views of either philosopher, what joins them is an attempt to elaborate philosophy as a different way of seeing. In this light, I propose a view of philosophy as prosthesis—as a means and a way for seeing differently. Rather than a simple tool, philosophy as prosthesis is a transformative supplement, one that our bodily perception calls for and wherein that perception is recast. Rather than a fixed or assured view, this prosthesis holds open the interval in which thinking can take place. Philosophy, I argue, must wait. It sees and thinks hesitatingly, for the temporality it inscribes is not a foreseeable development but the unfolding of life as tendency, as that which creates its own possibility as it comes into existence.
CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHY: BACK TO THE FUTURE
Authors: WOOD DAVID 
Published: June 2012

abstractIn its many interwoven traditions, continental philosophy has a distinctive focus on what escapes the concept—experience, change, agency, responsibility, the future, the Other. The challenges that face us in the future are many: reaffirming and renewing what has already been thought and needs repeating, responding to emergent questions. None could be more urgent than the question of the animal and the fate of the planet. Addressing each of these requires that we suspend our normal conceptual assurances and think anew.
CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHY: THINKING THE CORPOREAL WITH THE POLITICAL
Authors: DIPROSE ROSALYN 
Published: June 2012

abstractThis paper provides a genealogy of the emergence of one thread of continental philosophy—“thinking the corporeal with the political”—from its roots in the “French readings” of key philosophers during the 1960s and 1970s to its development outside of Europe. This involves characterizing continental philosophy as a style of thinking that is historical, creative, and ontological. As the genealogy takes in the French readings of Nietzsche and a range of developments such as corporeal feminisms, biopolitical analysis, and conceptions of political community, the analysis demonstrates that continental philosophy, even when confined to one line of inquiry, is a collaborative effort energized by Anglophone philosophy and that it is multifaceted, dynamic, and fecund.
THE SELF AND THE OTHERS: COMMON TOPICS FOR HUSSERL AND WITTGENSTEIN
Authors: HEINÄMAA SARA 
Published: June 2012

abstractSeveral commentators have argued that Husserl's phenomenological project is compromised or even destroyed by Wittgenstein's critical inquiries into our use of psychological concepts. In contrast to oppositional interpretations, this paper explicates certain crucial connections between Husserl's phenomenology and Wittgenstein's late thinking—shared views that concern the embodied nature of selfhood and our relations to other selves. In line with certain recent contributions, I argue that there are important similarities between Husserl's analysis of these phenomena and Wittgenstein's remarks on our use of language and that these connections, when noticed and explicated, can help us avoid simplified, barren contrasts and get clear about our actual philosophical alternatives.
NEW PHENOMENOLOGY IN FRANCE
Authors: TENGELYI LÁSZLÓ 
Published: June 2012

abstractPhenomenology is a basic philosophical movement belonging to what is called “continental philosophy.” Recently, a new phenomenology has emerged in France. In the period from Levinas and Henry to Marion and Richir, it has become evident that the phenomenon as such cannot be reduced to a mere constitution by intentional consciousness; rather, it must be considered as an event of appearing that establishes itself by itself. This fundamental insight entails important consequences: on the one hand, a new concept of the subject has been elaborated; on the other hand, a new approach to effective reality and objectivity has been developed. Idealism is overcome, transcendentalism is revised and reinterpreted. These changes will certainly have an impact on the destiny of continental philosophy.
IN THE FUTURE PHILOSOPHY WILL BE NEITHER CONTINENTAL NOR ANALYTIC BUT SYNTHETIC: TOWARD A PROMISCUOUS MISCEGENATION OF (ALL) PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONS AND STYLES
Authors: THOMSON IAIN 
Published: June 2012

abstractIn this paper, I suggest that the important philosophy of the future will increasingly be found neither in the “continental” nor in the “analytic” traditions but, instead, in the transcending sublation of (all) traditions I call “synthetic philosophy.” I mean “synthetic” both in a sense that encourages the bold combinatorial mélange of existing styles, traditions, and issues, and also in the Hegelian sense of sublating dichotomous oppositions, appropriating the distinctive insights of both sides while eliminating their errors and exaggerations, and thereby creating new syntheses in which the old oppositions are transcended.
REFLECTIONS ON THE LEGACY AND FUTURE OF THE CONTINENTAL TRADITION WITH REGARD TO THE CRITICAL PHILOSOPHY OF RACE
Authors: GINES KATHRYN T. 
Published: June 2012

abstractThe legacy and future of continental philosophy with regard to the critical philosophy of race can be seen in prominent canonical philosophical figures, the scholarship of contemporary philosophers, and recent edited collections and book series. The following reflections highlight some (though certainly not all) of the contacts and overlaps between a select number of continental philosophers and the critical philosophy of race. In particular, I consider how the continental tradition has contributed to the development of the critical philosophy of race by offering tools from existentialism, phenomenology, and genealogy to emphasize questions of existence, facticity, lived experience, and historicity as they relate to analyses of race, racism, slavery, and colonialism.1 I argue that these tools have been used both implicitly and explicitly in the writings of contemporary continental philosophers who theorize about race and that the critical philosophy of race has impacted and expanded continental philosophy in significant ways.
Correlation between Mutations in
liaFSR
of Enterococcus faecium and MIC of Daptomycin: Revisiting Daptomycin Breakpoints
Authors: Munita Jose M. , Panesso Diana , Diaz Lorena , Tran Truc T. , Reyes Jinnethe , Wanger Audrey , Murray Barbara E. , Arias Cesar A. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT

Mutations in
liaFSR
, a three-component regulatory system controlling cell-envelope stress response, were recently linked with the emergence of daptomycin (DAP) resistance in enterococci. Our previous work showed that a
liaF
mutation increased the DAP MIC of a vancomycin-resistant
Enterococcus faecalis
strain from 1 to 3 μg/ml (the DAP breakpoint is 4 μg/ml), suggesting that mutations in the
liaFSR
system could be a pivotal initial event in the development of DAP resistance. With the hypothesis that clinical enterococcal isolates with DAP MICs between 3 and 4 μg/ml might harbor mutations in
liaFSR
, we studied 38
Enterococcus faecium
bloodstream isolates, of which 8 had DAP MICs between 3 and 4 μg/ml by Etest in Mueller-Hinton agar. Interestingly, 6 of these 8 isolates had predicted amino acid changes in the LiaFSR system. Moreover, we previously showed that among 6 DAP-resistant
E. faecium
isolates (MICs of >4 μg/ml), 5 had mutations in
liaFSR
. In contrast, none of 16
E. faecium
isolates with a DAP MIC of ≤2 μg/ml harbored mutations in this system (
P
< 0.0001). All but one isolate with
liaFSR
changes exhibited DAP MICs of ≥16 μg/ml by Etest using brain heart infusion agar (BHIA), a medium that better supports enterococcal growth. Our findings provide a strong association between DAP MICs within the upper susceptibility range and mutations in the
liaFSR
system. Concomitant susceptibility testing on BHIA may be useful for identifying these
E. faecium
first-step mutants. Our results also suggest that the current DAP breakpoint for
E. faecium
may need to be reevaluated.