bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Criteria for selecting a tunnelling method using the first and the second tube of the Pfänder tunnel as example / Kriterien zur Wahl der Vortriebsmethode am Beispiel Pfändertunnel erste und zweite Röhre
Authors: John Max , Pilser Gerhard 
Published: October 2011

AbstractFor the construction of the first tube of the Pfänder Tunnel, a pilot tunnel was excavated in 1974/1975 in advance of the main tunnel using two open TBMs. As a result of the positive experiences made with the pilot tunnel, the tenders for the excavation of the first tube included both a NATM advance and a TBM advance with open TBM. On the basis of the offers obtained, the first tube was constructed between 1977 and 1979, using the NATM.For the construction of the second tube a qualitative comparison was performed, based on which it was recommended that the tender documents should cover both construction methods, the NATM and the TBM. Asfinag chose the NATM excavation as basic tender design and included the TBM excavation with shield TBM as fully fledged alternative in the tendering procedure. For the respective boundary conditions such as scope of services, operation and maintenance costs, a financial evaluation of both methods was performed and the difference in cost was considered when selecting the construction method. The method ultimately selected after reviewing the offers was a shield TBM advance.Für den Bau der ersten Röhre des Pfändertunnels wurde 1974/75 vorab ein Richtstollen mit zwei offenen TBMs aufgefahren. Aufgrund der dabei gewonnenen positiven Erfahrungen wurden für den Vortrieb der ersten Röhre der zyklische und der kontinuierliche Vortrieb mit einer offenen TBM ausgeschrieben. Aufgrund des Angebotsergebnisses wurde die erste Röhre mit zyklischem Vortrieb 1977 bis 1979 ausgeführt.Für den Bau der zweiten Röhre wurde aufgrund eines qualitativen Vergleichs die Projektierung und Ausschreibung beider Baumethoden – zyklisch und kontinuierlich – empfohlen. Die Asfinag hat als Amtsentwurf den zyklischen Vortrieb gewählt und als vollwertige Alternative den kontinuierlichen Vortrieb mit einer Schild‐TBM in die Ausschreibung aufgenommen. Die unterschiedlichen Randbedingungen hinsichtlich Dienstleistungen, Betriebs‐ und Wartungskosten wurden für beide Methoden monetär bewertet und die Differenzkosten bei der Wahl der Methode berücksichtigt. Zur Ausführung kam aufgrund des Angebotsergebnisses der Einsatz einer Schild‐TBM.
Tunnelling under difficult conditions in the Himalayas / Tunnelbau unter schwierigen Bedingungen im Himalaja
Authors: Golser Johann , Button Edward Alan 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDifficulties in tunnel construction can be the result of the given geological and geotechnical conditions, the selection of suitable tunnelling methods as well as the experience and capability in implementing the chosen methods. The geological and geotechnical conditions in the Himalayas are characterised by numerous active faults, complex folding, and thrust zones which will always make tunnelling difficult, whatever method is used.Other circumstances resulting from the local contractual and cultural environment, only permit gradual improvement of the situation.Conventional steel supports, with their rather limited capability of supporting difficult ground, still remain the most common support method. Additional factors which influence tunnelling succes, are inadequate construction management, maintenance, availability of spare parts and particularly the lack of practical expertise due to the rapid turnover of mining crews and in middle management.Examples demonstrate the most common difficulties and the time and expense consumed in overcoming them, and the tedious and often incomprehensible decision‐making processes.In contrast, there are a few highlights, which provide grounds for hope for archieving better results and development in the local tunnelling.Ursachen für Schwierigkeiten im Tunnelbau liegen einerseits in den gegebenen geologischen und geotechnischen Randbedingungen und andererseits in der Wahl geeigneter Tunnelbaumethoden sowie in der Erfahrung und dem Können in der Anwendung dieser Methoden. Die geologischen, geotechnischen Bedingungen in den Himalayas sind durch zahlreiche aktive Störungen, komplexe Faltungs‐ und Überschiebungszonen geprägt und machen Tunnelbau unabhängig von den angewandten Methoden immer schwierig.Hinzu gesellen sich andere Umstände, die im dortigen vertraglichen und kulturellen Umfeld zu suchen sind und Änderungen zum Besseren nur langsam zulassen.Der konventionelle Stahlausbau mit seinen sehr eingeschränkten Möglichkeiten, schwieriges Gebirge effizient zu stützen, ist immer noch die am meisten verbreitete Methode. Zudem kommen mangelndes Baumangagement, Wartung, Ersatzteilhaltung und insbesondere fehlendes praktisches Know‐how durch häufige Wechsel in den Vortriebsmannschaften und im mittleren Management.Beispiele belegen meist auftretende Schwierigkeiten und deren zeitraubende und teure Bewältigung, sowie die langwierigen, oftmals nicht nachvollziehbaren Entscheidungsabläufe.Es gibt andererseits auch einige wenige Highlights, die zu Hoffnung auf bessere Ergebnisse und Entwicklungen im dortigen Tunnelbau Anlass geben.
LOWERING THE ‘FLOOR’ OF THE SF‐6D SCORING ALGORITHM USING A LOTTERY EQUIVALENT METHOD
Authors: Abellán Perpiñán José María , Sánchez Martínez Fernando Ignacio , Martínez Pérez Jorge Eduardo , Méndez Ildefonso 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYThis paper presents a new scoring algorithm for the SF‐6D, one of the most popular preference‐based health status measures. Previous SF‐6D value sets have a minimum (a floor), which is substantially higher than the lowest value generated by the EQ‐5D model. Our algorithm expands the range of SF‐6D utility scores in such a way that the floor is significantly lowered. We obtain the wider range because of the use of a lottery equivalent method through which preferences from a representative sample of Spanish general population are elicited. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changes in cerebellar functional connectivity and anatomical connectivity in schizophrenia: A combined resting‐state functional MRI and diffusion tensor imaging study
Authors: Liu Hu , Fan Guoguang , Xu Ke , Wang Fei 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPurpose:To examine the functional and anatomical connectivity of the cerebellum and their relationship in schizophrenia through resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).Materials and Methods:Ten subjects with schizophrenia and 10 healthy controls underwent resting‐state fMRI and DTI. Left and right cerebellar seed regions were used in a voxel‐wise functional connectivity analysis of the cerebellum. Fractional anisotropy (FA) was measured to assess white matter integrity of the middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP) and superior cerebellar peduncle (SCP). Differences in functional connectivity and FA values between the two groups were determined by two‐sample t‐tests. The relationship between functional connectivity and FA values in both groups were assessed using Pearson s correlation.Results:Decreased functional connectivity to the left middle temporal gyrus, bilateral middle cingulate cortex, right paracentral lobule, right thalamus, and bilateral cerebellum were found in subjects with schizophrenia when compared to healthy controls; while decreased FA values in the left SCP were found in subjects with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls. Significant correlation was observed between the functional connectivity of the left cerebellum‐right paracentral lobule and right cerebellum‐right thalamus and the FA values of the MCP in healthy controls.Conclusion:Findings of this multi‐modal imaging study support functional and anatomical connectivity abnormalities and the role of the cerebellum in schizophrenia. They also indicate the need for further investigation regarding the relationship between functional and anatomical connectivity and its role in neuropathophysiology. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reducing Shrinkage Stress of Dimethacrylate Networks by Reversible Addition–Fragmentation Chain Transfer
Authors: Leung Diana , Bowman Christopher N. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe trithiocarbonate 1a reduces the volumetric shrinkage stress in crosslinked multi(meth)acrylate networks by promoting a reversible, free‐radical‐mediated network rearrangement that enables network adaptation and stress relaxation. Addition of 1a or 1b into a dimethacrylate system is examined by FT‐IR. The polymerization rate is reduced in samples containing 1a, indicating a changed polymerization mechanism. The volumetric shrinkage stress is reduced by more than 50% compared to a pure dimethacrylate system with the addition of as little as 2 wt% of 1a, while maintaining the favorable mechanical properties of the methacrylate‐crosslinked networks. No synthetic modification of the methacrylate monomer units is needed, allowing for adaptation to almost any radically polymerized system.
Bernstein type theorems for complete submanifolds in space forms
Authors: Fu Hai‐Ping 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe study the Bernstein type problem for complete submanifolds in the space forms. In particular, we prove that any complete super stable minimal submanifolds in an (n + p)‐dimensional Euclidean space \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathbb {R}^{n+p}\,(n\le 5)$\end{document} with finite L1 norm of the second fundamental form must be affine n‐dimensional planes. We also prove that any complete noncompact weakly stable hypersurfaces in \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathbb {R}^{n+1}\,(n\le 5)$\end{document} with constant mean curvature and finite Ld (d = 1, 2, 3) norm of traceless second fundamental form must be hyperplanes.
Mimicking Peptides… In Silico
Authors: Floris Matteo , Moro Stefano 
Published: October 2011

AbstractProtein‐protein interactions (PPIs) play a central and crucial role in almost every cellular process. Understanding the structural basis of protein‐protein interactions can lead to the development of new drugs for treatment of various diseases. With this purpose, peptide‐based drug design (PBDD) has been extensively explored in the last few decades. Peptidomimetics are compounds which mimic the biological activity of peptides while offering the advantages of improving their pharmacokinetics profiles. In this review, we would like to summarize the state of the art of computational methods which have been recently introduced to design novel peptidomimetics involved in a therapeutically relevant protein‐protein recognition processes.
Comparison and validation of data‐mining indices for signal detection: using the Korean national health insurance claims database
Authors: Choi Nam‐Kyong , Chang Yoosoo , Kim Ju‐Young , Choi Yu‐Kyong , Park Byung‐Joo 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTPurposeTo detect the signals of celecoxib compared with other analgesics and anti‐inflammatory drugs (AAIDs) by proportional claims ratio (PCR), claims odds ratio (COR), information component (IC), and relative risk (RR) using the Korean claims database. In addition, the concordance of the identified signals by the data‐mining indices (DMIs) and the validity of the DMIs were evaluated.MethodsThe Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service claims database was used. The study population consisted of elderly ambulatory care patients with osteoarthritis who were prescribed AAIDs in Seoul from 1 January 2005 to 30 September 2005. A short‐term serious adverse event (SAE) was defined as a hospital admission within 12 weeks from each AAID prescription. Among the screened SAEs, signals were identified by the DMIs. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictability were estimated with reference to known adverse events associated with celecoxib.ResultsA total of 135 232 elderly patients with osteoarthritis were prescribed AAIDs. There were 309 717 drug–SAE pairs and 481 different SAEs. The PCR, COR, IC, and RR detected were as follows: 56 (11.6%), 57 (11.9%), 129 (26.8%), and 123 (25.6%) signals for celecoxib, respectively. The RR detected signals had a relatively high sensitivity (23.4%) compared with the other indices (PCR 9.9%, COR 10.8%, and IC 18.9%). The specificity of RR (73.8%) was higher than that of IC (70.8%). The positive and negative predictive values of the RR were 21.1% and 76.3%, respectively.ConclusionThis study suggested that the RR was the most accurate of the DMIs for detecting signals in the claims database. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comprehensive proteomic analysis of human bile
Authors: Barbhuiya Mustafa A. , Sahasrabuddhe Nandini A. , Pinto Sneha M. , Muthusamy Babylakshmi , Singh Tekcham D. , Nanjappa Vishalakshi , Keerthikumar Shivakumar , Delanghe Bernard , Harsha H. C. , Chaerkady Raghothama , Jalaj Visvajit , Gupta Sanjeev , Shrivastav Braj R. , Tiwari Pramod K. , Pandey Akhilesh 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBile serves diverse functions from metabolism to transport. In addition to acids and salts, bile is composed of proteins secreted or shed by the hepatobiliary system. Although there have been previous efforts to catalog biliary proteins, an in‐depth analysis of the bile proteome has not yet been reported. We carried out fractionation of non‐cancerous bile samples using a multipronged approach (SDS‐PAGE, SCX and OFFGEL) followed by MS analysis on an LTQ‐Orbitrap Velos mass spectrometer using high resolution at both MS and MS/MS levels. We identified 2552 proteins – the largest number of proteins reported in human bile till date. To our knowledge, there are no previous studies employing high‐resolution MS reporting a more detailed catalog of any body fluid proteome in a single study. We propose that extensive fractionation coupled to high‐resolution MS can be used as a standard methodology for in‐depth characterization of any body fluid. This catalog should serve as a baseline for the future studies aimed at discovering biomarkers from bile in gallbladder, hepatic, and biliary cancers.
Concomitant inhibition of HSP90, its mitochondrial localized homologue TRAP1 and HSP27 by green tea in pancreatic cancer HPAF‐II cells
Authors: Zhang Lifeng , Pang Eric , Loo Rachel R. Ogorzalek , Rao Jianyu , Go Vay‐Liang W. , Loo Joseph A. , Lu Qing‐Yi 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPancreatic cancer is a deadly disease characterized by poor prognosis and patient survival. Green tea polyphenols have been shown to exhibit multiple antitumor activities in various cancers, but studies on the pancreatic cancer are very limited. To identify the cellular targets of green tea action, we exposed a green tea extract (GTE) to human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma HPAF‐II cells and performed two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis of the cell lysates. We identified 32 proteins with significantly altered expression levels. These proteins are involved in drug resistance, gene regulation, motility, detoxification and metabolism of cancer cells. In particular, we found GTE inhibited molecular chaperones heat‐shock protein 90 (Hsp90), its mitochondrial localized homologue Hsp75 (tumor necrosis factor receptor‐associated protein 1, or Trap1) and heat‐shock protein 27 (Hsp27) concomitantly. Western blot analysis confirmed the inhibition of Hsp90, Hsp75 and Hsp27 by GTE, but increased phosphorylation of Ser78 of Hsp27. Furthermore, we showed that GTE inhibited Akt activation and the levels of mutant p53 protein, and induced apoptosis and growth suppression of the cells. Our study has identified multiple new molecular targets of GTE and provided further evidence on the anticancer activity of green tea in pancreatic cancer.
Controlled synthesis of hydrophilic concentrated polymer brushes and their friction/lubrication properties in aqueous solutions
Authors: Nomura Akihiro , Goto Atsushi , Ohno Kohji , Kayahara Eiichi , Yamago Shigeru , Tsujii Yoshinobu 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPolymer brushes of water‐soluble polymers, poly(2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate) (PHEA) and poly(poly(oxyethyleneglycol)methylether acrylate) (PPEGA), were synthesized on a silicon wafer and a silica particle by applying photo‐induced organotellurium‐mediated radical polymerization to surface‐initiated graft polymerization. High graft densities were obtained, corresponding to reduced graft densities of about 0.32 and 0.42 for the PHEA and PPEGA brushes, respectively. These values were high enough to be categorized in the regime of “concentrated” polymer brushes (CPBs). Atomic force microscopic (AFM) study revealed that the CPB of PPEGA was allowed to be highly swollen in water but the CPB of PHEA did not. This means that water is reasonably good for PPEGA but not for PHEA. The AFM microtribological study between swollen brushes revealed two lubrication regimes, namely, boundary‐ and hydrodynamic‐lubrication regimes, with different shear‐velocity dependencies. Reflecting insufficient quality of water as a solvent, the CPB of PHEA showed adhesive interaction and thereby a higher frictional coefficient μ in the boundary lubrication. More interestingly, super lubrication was achieved for the CPB of PPEGA with a μ value in the order of 10−4 in water and in 0.1 M aqueous NaCl solution (without the help of electrostatic repulsion). Super lubrication was concluded to be a characteristic feature of the CPB, even in an aqueous system. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Surveying proteolytic processes in human cancer microenvironments by microdialysis and activity‐based mass spectrometry
Authors: Hardt Markus , Lam David K. , Dolan John C. , Schmidt Brian L. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPurpose: We present a strategy to survey proteolytic processes that occur in human cancer microenvironments.Experimental design: In situ microdialysis during oral cancer surgery was combined with mass spectrometry‐based proteomics to analyze interstitial fluid surrounding tumors and anatomically matched normal sites. Protease activity‐based 18O‐profiling was utilized to reveal peptides that were processed by co‐collected proteases ex vivo.Results: We demonstrated for the first time the use of microdialysis in humans to collect interstitial fluid from cancer microenvironments. Proteomic profiling identified proteases and inhibitors in the microdialysis samples. A subset of peptides displayed characteristic 18O‐isotope patterns that indicated processing by endogenous proteases.Conclusions and clinical relevance: The presented approach provides unprecedented views of in vivo targets of proteases without disrupting the cancer or surrounding tissue. The methodology can be broadly adapted to other physiological conditions in which proteolytic mediators are involved (e.g. arthritic joints, inflamed muscle, other types of cancer) and where a comparison of normal and pathological tissue is sought.
Inhibition of metastasis in a castration resistant prostate cancer model by the quinoline‐3‐carboxamide tasquinimod (ABR‐215050)
Authors: Jennbacken Karin , Welén Karin , Olsson Anders , Axelsson Bengt , Törngren Marie , Damber Jan‐Erik , Leanderson Tomas 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBACKGROUNDTasquinimod (ABR‐215050) is an orally active quinoline‐3‐carboxamide analog that has completed phase II clinical trial in patients with castration resistant prostate cancer, showing promising inhibiting effects on the occurrence of metastasis and delayed disease progression. Its mechanism of action is not fully elucidated, but previous studies show anti‐angiogenic effects and strong interaction with the S100A9 protein.METHODSThis study was performed to evaluate if tasquinimod inhibits prostate cancer metastasis, by using both orthotopic and intratibial xenograft models. Animals were treated with tasquinimod, and tumor growth characteristics as well as molecular markers for metastasis and angiogenesis were analyzed.RESULTSThe results show that formation of lung and lymph node metastases from orthotopic castration resistant prostate tumors was inhibited by tasquinimod treatment. Importantly, establishment of tumors in the bone after intratibial implantation was suppressed by tasquinimod. In addition, establishment and growth of subcutaneous tumors were affected. Both in primary tumors and serum from treated mice an upregulation of thrombospondin 1 was observed. Further, downregulation of the hypoxia driven genes VEGF, CXCR4, and LOX was detected in the primary tasquinimod‐treated tumors and decreased expression of chemotactic ligand SDF‐1 was demonstrated in the lungs. Thus, these molecular changes could contribute to the anti‐angiogenic and anti‐metastatic effects of tasquinimod.CONCLUSIONSIn conclusion, this study and clinical data show that tasquinimod interferes with the metastatic process, presumably by inhibition of tumor establishment. Therefore, tasquinimod is an interesting treatment option for patients with prostate cancer prone to metastasis. Prostate 72:913–924, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Suggestive evidence of linkage identified at chromosomes 12q24 and 2p16 in African American prostate cancer families from louisiana
Authors: Ledet Elisa M. , Sartor Oliver , Rayford Walter , Bailey‐Wilson Joan E. , Mandal Diptasri M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn the United States, incidence of prostate cancer in African American men is more than twice than that of any other race. Thus far, numerous disease susceptibility loci have been identified for this cancer but definite locus‐specific information is not yet established due to the tremendous amount of genetic and disease heterogeneity; additionally, despite high prevalence of prostate cancer amongst African American men, this population has been under represented in genetic studies of prostate cancer.METHODSIn order to identify the susceptible locus (loci) for prostate cancer in African Americans, we have performed linkage analyses on members of 15 large high‐risk families. Specifically, these families were recruited from Louisiana and represent a uniquely admixed African American population exclusive to Southern Louisiana. In addition to geographical constraints, these families were clinically homogeneous creating a well‐characterized collection of large pedigrees. The families were genotyped with Illumina Infinium II SNP HumanLinkage‐12 panel and extensive demographic and clinical information was documented from the hospital pathological reports and family interviews.RESULTSWe identified two novel regions, 12q24 and 2p16, with suggestive evidence of linkage under the dominant model of inheritance.CONCLUSIONSThis is the first time that chromosome 12q24 (HLOD = 2.21) and 2p16 (HLOD = 1.97) has been shown to be associated with prostate cancer in high‐risk African American families. These results provide insight to prostate cancer in an exceptional, well‐characterized African American population, and illustrate the significance of utilizing large unique, but homogenous pedigrees. Prostate 72:938–947, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thermoelectric properties and microstructures of AgSbTe2‐added p‐type Pb0.16Ge0.84Te
Authors: Yusufu Aikebaier , Kurosaki Ken , Sugahara Tohru , Ohishi Yuji , Muta Hiroaki , Yamanaka Shinsuke 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe alloys in the AgSbTe2GeTe system and the AgSbTe2PbTe system are known as excellent thermoelectric (TE) materials, i.e. TAGS and LAST, respectively. Although the TE properties of the AgSbTe2(Pb,Ge)Te system have not been reported. Here, we show the high‐temperature TE properties of the alloys in the AgSbTe2(Pb,Ge)Te system. The samples of (Ag0.5Sb0.5Te)100−x(Pb0.16Ge0.84Te)x (x = 75, 80, 85, and 90) were prepared and the electrical resistivity (ρ), Seebeck coefficient (S), and thermal conductivity (κ) were examined in the temperature range from room temperature to 720 K. The samples prepared by hot‐press were composed of two phases: the GeTe‐based matrix phase and the PbTe‐based precipitate. These samples exhibited the moderate ρ and S as well as relatively low κ, leading to high thermoelectric figure of merit ZT (= S2T/ρκ, where T is the absolute temperature). The maximum ZT value was 0.84 at 720 K obtained in the sample of x = 80.