bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Online Shear Viscosity Measurement of Starchy Melts Enriched in Wheat Bran
Authors: Robin Frédéric , Bovet Nicolas , Pineau Nicolas , Schuchmann Heike P. , Palzer Stefan 
Published: May 2011

Abstract:  Addition of wheat bran to flours modifies their expansion properties after cooking extrusion. This can be attributed to changes in the melt shear viscosity at the die. The effect of wheat bran concentration added to achieve 2 levels of dietary fibers of 12. 6% and 24.4%, and process conditions on the shear viscosity of wheat flour was therefore assessed using an online twin‐slit rheometer. The shear viscosity measured at 30 s−1 ranged from 9.5 × 103 to 53.4 × 103 Pa s. Regardless of the process conditions and bran concentration, the extruded melts showed a pseudoplastic behavior with a power law index n ranging from 0.05 to 0.27. Increasing the barrel temperature of the extruder from 120 to 180 °C, the water content from 18% to 22% or the screw speed from 400 to 800 rpm significantly decreased the melt shear viscosity at the extruder exit. The addition of bran significantly increased the melt shear viscosity only at the highest bran concentration. The effect was process condition dependant. Mathematical interpretations, based upon observations, of the experimental data were carried out. They can be used to predict the effect of the process conditions on the melt shear viscosity at the die of extruded wheat flour with increasing bran concentration. The viscosity data will be applied in future works to study the expansion properties of extruded wheat flour supplemented with bran.Practical Application:  Incorporation of wheat bran, a readily available and low cost by‐product, in extruded puffed foods is constrained due to its negative effect on the product texture. Understanding the effect of wheat bran on rheological properties of extruded melts, driving the final product properties, is essential to provide solutions to the food industry and enhance its use.
Mild Protein Oxidation Enhanced Hydration and Myofibril Swelling Capacity of Fresh Ground Pork Muscle Packaged in High Oxygen Atmosphere
Authors: Delles Rebecca M. , Xiong Youling L. , True Alma D. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract:  This study investigated the influence of an oxygen‐enriched modified atmosphere packaging (HiOx: 80% O2/20% CO2) in comparison with air‐permeable polyvinylchloride (PVC) wrapping and partial vacuum (VP: 60%) packaging on the ability of myofibrils to imbibe water during retail display of fresh ground pork at 2 to 4 °C. Both HiOx and PVC muscles after 4 d showed maximum myofibril swelling and A‐band dissolution when isolated myofibrils were subjected to a graded series of salt solutions (0.2→0.4 M NaCl with 10‐mM sodium pyrophosphate, pH 6.2), while VP samples exhibited no remarkable change. Protein carbonyl content increased substantially from day 0 to 4 in all muscle samples. For HiOx, muscle hydration capacity increased linearly (P < 0.05) during storage up to 14 d, corresponding to protein carbonyl production. No significant changes in hydration properties were noted in VP muscle samples, which also maintained lower levels of protein oxidation, during storage up to 21 d. These results indicated that packaging in modified atmosphere with high levels of oxygen could result in increased protein oxidation but enhanced hydration capacity of fresh meat.Practical Application:  Packaging of fresh meat, including ground pork, under an oxygen‐enriched atmosphere condition is widely used in the industry to preserve red color of meat. Results from the present study indicate that high oxygen packaging has a discordant effect on fresh ground pork: it enhances hydration but decreases water‐binding, and this seems to be caused by increased swelling of muscle fibers due to mild protein oxidation. Hence, it is advisable to employ a water‐binding agent in this type of packaging system so as to retain the moisture in stored fresh pork products while maintaining the color stability.
The intrinsic fluorescence spectrum of dilute gastric juice as a novel diagnostic tool for gastric cancer
Authors: ZHOU Li Ya , LIN San Ren , LI Yuan , GENG Qiu Ming , DING Shi Gang , MENG Ling Mei , SUN Xiao Ning , WANG Jing Tong , XU Zhi Jie , GUO Hui Lan , LI Cheng Gang , CUI Rong Li 
Published: May 2011

OBJECTIVE:  To investigate the intrinsic fluorescence spectrum of gastric juice as a diagnostic method for gastric cancer.METHODS:  We collected gastric juice by gastroscopy in 1870 patients from May 2001 to March 2006, of whom 202 were involved in a preliminary test, 162 in experimental optimization and 1506 in clinical verification. The best dilution and pH value were chosen in the experimental optimization phase. Clinical verification was based on optimized samples. Intrinsic fluorescence spectra were measured in all samples with a fluorescence spectrophotometer using an excitation wavelength of 288 nm.RESULTS:  The first peak of fluorescence intensity (P1FI) of the intrinsic fluorescence spectrum was significantly higher in gastric juice from patients with gastric cancer than from those with benign lesions. There was no significant difference in the P1FI differences between patients with benign and malignant lesions with samples diluted by 20‐fold to 80‐fold and from pH 9 to pH 11. Clinical verification in 1506 patients showed that P1FI ≥ 76.5 was the optimal cut‐off on the receiver operating characteristic curve for diagnosing gastric cancers: sensitivity was 83.2%, specificity 80.7% and accuracy 82.0%.CONCLUSIONS:  P1FI of the intrinsic fluorescence at 288 nm is significantly higher in patients with gastric cancers than in individuals with benign lesions. As a clinical indicator of gastric cancer, its sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were high.
The effect of fundoplication on proliferative and anti‐apoptotic activity of esophageal mucosa in gastroesophageal reflux disease: 4‐year follow‐up study
Authors: RANTANEN Tuomo , OKSALA Niku , HONKANEN Teemu , RÄSÄNEN Jari , SIHVO Eero , MATTILA Jorma , PAIMELA Hannu , PAAVONEN Timo , SALO Jarmo 
Published: May 2011

OBJECTIVE:  The capacity of fundoplication to prevent esophageal adenocarcinoma is controversial. Development of cancer is associated with proliferation and anti‐apoptosis, for which little data exist as to their response to fundoplication. Therefore, we wanted to clarify the effect of fundoplication on the magnitude of Ki‐67 and B‐cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‐2) during 48 months of follow up.METHODS:  Ki‐67 and Bcl‐2 were assessed quantitatively from biopsies of the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) and from the distal and proximal esophagus of 20 patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) treated by fundoplication. An upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed preoperatively and postoperatively at 6 months for 20 patients and 48 months for 16 patients, respectively. Ki‐67 and Bcl‐2 were compared to those of 7 controls.RESULTS:  Compared to the preoperative level, Ki‐67 was elevated in the distal (P = 0.012) and proximal (P = 0.007) esophagus at 48 months. Compared to control values, Ki‐67 was lower at 6 months in the EGJ (P = 0.037) and the proximal esophagus (P = 0.003) and higher at 48 months in the distal esophagus (P = 0.002). Compared to control values, Bcl‐2 was lower at 6 months in the EGJ (P = 0.038). Correlations between Ki‐67 and Bcl‐2 were positive in the EGJ (P > 0.001) and in the distal (P = 0.001) and proximal esophagus (P = 0.013).CONCLUSION:  Proliferative activity after fundoplication increased during long‐term follow up in the distal esophagus despite a normal fundic wrap and objective healing of GERD.
Visualization studies on evidence‐based medicine domain knowledge (series 2): structural diagrams of author networks
Authors: Shen Jiantong , Yao Leye , Li Youping , Clarke Mike , Gan Qi , Fan Yi , Li Yifei , Gou Yongchao , Zhong Dake , Wang Li 
Published: May 2011

Abstract Objective To investigate the output of evidence‐based medicine (EBM) researchers in China and elsewhere by examining the EBM domains they work within and the networks that exist among them; using visualization methods to analyze these relationships. This maps the current situation and helps with the identification of areas for future growth. Methods We used co‐citation matrixes with Pathfinder networks and hierarchical clustering algorithms, and constructed a co‐author matrix which were analyzed with a whole network approach. The analyzed matrixes were visualized with the UCINET program. Results Much of the development of EBM has been centered around three authors, David Sackett, Gordon Guyatt and L Manchikanti, within three different clusters. The main authors of EBM articles in China were divided into nine academic domains. The relations among core authors of articles indexed by the Science Citation Index (SCI) was loose. There was a stronger co‐authorship network among core authors in the Chinese literature, with three groups and 21 cliques. Nine distinct academic communities appeared to have formed around Li Youping, Liu Ming and Zhang Mingming. Conclusion The EBM literature contains several key clusters, with universities in high‐income countries being the source of the majority of articles. Outside China, McMaster University in Canada, the original home of EBM, is the dominant producer of EBM publications. In China, Sichuan University is the main source of EBM publications. The EBM cooperation network in China is comprised of three major groups, the largest and most productive in this sample is led by Li Youping with Liu Ming, Zhang Mingming, Li Jing, Wang Li, Wu Taixiang, and Liu Guanjian as central members.
Robotic thymectomy: The Hong Kong experience
Authors: Hsin Michael K.Y. , Wan Innes Y. P. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThymectomy is widely employed as part of the management for generalized myasthenia gravis. The surgical approach has evolved over the years, and although there is no consensus regarding the optimal surgical approach, minimally invasive techniques such as video‐assisted thoracoscopic thymectomy have gained popularity. Robotic‐assisted surgical systems have been employed in recent years to perform thymectomies as the robotic arm allows extra wrist action of the instruments which provide seven degrees of movement, giving improved dexterity compared to the conventional thoracoscopic approach. Here we describe our early experience with the da Vinci system in thymectomy. Between April 2006 and November 2009, 12 robotic‐assisted complete thymectomy procedures were performed with no need for conversion to open procedures. Operation times ranged from 100 minutes to 200 minutes (mean time 140 minutes). There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications. Nearly all chest drains were removed on postoperative day 1 and the mean hospital stay was 4 days. The follow‐up period ranged from 2 to 44 months. Early postoperative evaluations showed one patient had complete remission of symptoms (DeFilippi class 1) and 11 patients became asymptomatic or less symptomatic with a decreased medication requirement (DeFilippi class 2 and 3). Our early experience suggests that robotic thymectomy is comparable to video‐assisted thoracic surgery thymectomy, and our results appear to be comparable to those reported in the literature. A larger number of cases and more extended follow up is needed to fully evaluate the merits of robotic thymectomy.
Agarose gel serum protein electrophoresis in cats with and without lymphoma and preliminary results of tandem mass fingerprinting analysis
Authors: Gerou‐Ferriani Magda , McBrearty Alix R. , Burchmore Richard J. , Jayawardena Kamburapola G.I. , Eckersall P. David , Morris Joanna S. 
Published: May 2011

Background:Serum electrophoretic profiles in cats are poorly characterized with respect to the proteins that comprise the globulin fractions, and interpretation of the electrophoretograms is routinely done in the absence of information about identity of the proteins found within each fraction.Objectives:The aims of this study were to compare protein fractions separated by serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) in healthy cats and in cats with lymphoma and to confirm some component proteins in the major fractions following SPE using tandem mass fingerprinting analysis (TMFA).Methods:Total protein concentration was measured and agarose gel SPE performed on serum from 14 healthy cats and 14 cats with lymphoma. The absolute protein concentration within each fraction was compared between the 2 groups. Bands corresponding to the SPE fractions were excised from the gels of 2 control cats and 1 cat with lymphoma and analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Results were compared with sequences in the National Center for Biotechnology Information protein database.Results:Median albumin concentrations were significantly decreased and median β‐globulin concentrations were significantly increased in cats with lymphoma. Narrow electrophoretic spikes were present in the β/γ‐globulin fraction in 3 cats with lymphoma. Following TMFA, multiple proteins were identified in each fraction, and their mobility agreed with results from previous studies generated using alternative techniques. Inter‐α (globulin) inhibitor 4 was identified in feline serum for the first time.Conclusions:Cats with lymphoma had lower albumin and higher β‐globulin concentrations than did healthy cats. Despite limitations of one‐dimensional agarose gel SPE, TMFA provided preliminary data to confirm the protein components of the various fractions.
An integrated model of habitat and species occurrence dynamics
Authors: MacKenzie Darryl I. , Bailey Larissa L. , Hines James E. , Nichols James D. 
Published: May 2011

Summary1. Relationships between animal populations and their habitats are well known and commonly acknowledged to be important by animal ecologists, conservation biologists and wildlife managers. Such relationships are most commonly viewed as static, such that habitat at time t is viewed as a determinant of animals present at that same time, t, or sometimes as a determinant of animal population or occurrence dynamics (e.g. between t and t+1).2. Here, we motivate interest in simultaneous dynamics of both habitat and occupancy state (e.g. species presence or absence) and develop models to estimate parameters that describe the dynamics of such systems.3. The models permit inference about transition probabilities for both habitat and focal species occupancy, such that habitat transitions may influence focal species transitions and vice versa.4. Example analyses using data from salamanders in the eastern United States are presented for (i) the special case in which habitat is characterized as either suitable or unsuitable and (ii) the more general case in which different habitat states are expected to influence occupancy dynamics in a less extreme manner (occupancy is possible in the various habitat states).5. We believe that the integrated inference methods presented here will be useful for a variety of ecological and conservation investigations and attain special relevance in the face of habitat dynamics driven by such factors as active management, land use changes and climate change.
The phase diagram of cetomacrogol 1000—water–benzaldehyde in the presence of gallate antioxidants
Authors: NIXON J R , HAQUE R S UL , CARLESS J E 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
The phase equilibria of the system cetomacrogol 1000–water–benz-aldehyde have been examined in the presence of a homologous series of gallates. Differential scanning calorimetry indicates that a bonded complex is formed in solution between the cetomacrogol and the gallate. The surface-active agent has, therefore, been considered as being the total amount of cetomacrogol and gallate in the system and different ratios have been used to prepare the phase diagrams. As the proportion of gallate increases, the liquid crystal phases become smaller and eventually disappear. It is suggested that this is because the bulky cetomacrogol 1000-gallate complex is unable to form the highly orientated liquid crystal micelles.
The buccal absorption of some barbiturates
Authors: BECKETT A H , MOFFAT A C 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
The buccal absorptions of five barbiturates have been determined over the pH range 3 to 9. The absorptions increased as the pH decreased until pH 5.5 when they remained constant. No correlation between the absorptions and chloroform–0.1n HCl partition coefficients was apparent, indicating that the adsorptive power of the buffer-buccal membrane interface may represent more exactly the real affinity of the membrane for barbiturates than do partition coefficients with chloroform.
The effects of pentobarbitone sodium on the carbon dioxide response and production, and oxygen consumption of the rabbit
Authors: PLEUVRY BARBARA J , HUNTER A R 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
The effect of intravenous doses of pentobarbitone sodium on the ventilatory response to CO2, CO2 production and O2 consumption were investigated in the rabbit. Pentobarbitone sodium depressed the ventilatory response to CO2, but the time course of this effect showed a biphasic character whereas depression of unchallenged minute volume did not. O2 consumption and CO2 production were reduced by pentobarbitone, but although the degree and duration of the depression increased with increasing dose, the values returned to control values before depression of respiratory minute volume and response to CO2. The possibility that these results may explain the lack of progressive depression of respiratory minute volume with increasing dose of barbiturate, previously reported by the authors, is discussed.
A new approach to the study of serum concentrations of orally administered cephalexin
Authors: O'CALLAGHAN CYNTHIA H , TOOTILL J P R , ROBINSON W D 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Studies of cephalexin in man showed that the conventionally constructed average serum level curves could give misleading results, with the average peak serum level from the curve being lower than the peak titres of the individual curves contributing to it. It was also difficult to determine whether there were significant differences between such curves obtained from different preparations. Smooth curves were constructed from the observed data by computer methods; they were then arranged by the computer to have their peaks coincident in time and then averaged to give a curve much more similar in shape to its components. After the computer had fitted the smooth curve for each individual, it was possible to calculate a number of different parameters for each volunteer. Analysis of variance could then be done on these parameters, and thus significant differences between the results from tests on different preparations could readily be determined.
Relationship of metacognition, absorption, and depersonalization in patients with auditory hallucinations
Authors: Perona‐Garcelán Salvador , García‐Montes José M. , Ductor‐Recuerda María J. , Vallina‐Fernández Oscar , Cuevas‐Yust Carlos , Pérez‐Álvarez Marino , Salas‐Azcona Rosario , Gómez‐Gómez María T. 
Published: May 2011

Objectives. The purpose of this work was to study the relationship of metacognition, absorption, and depersonalization in hallucinating patients.Design. A within‐subjects correlational design was employed.Methods. We formed four groups from a clinical population (schizophrenic patients with hallucinations, schizophrenic patients with no hallucinations but with delusions, schizophrenic patients recovered from positive symptoms, and patients with a non‐psychotic psychiatric disorder) and a non‐clinical control group. All participants were given the Metacognitions Questionnaire (MCQ‐30, Wells & Cartwright‐Hatton, 2004), the Tellegen Absorption Scale (TAS, Tellegen & Atkinson, 1974) and the Cambridge Depersonalization Scale (CDS, Sierra & Berrios, 2000).Results. Schizophrenic subjects with hallucinations scored significantly higher on the depersonalization scale than any other group, and significantly higher on the absorption scale than any group except for the clinical patient controls. Schizophrenic patients with hallucinations also had significantly more dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs than subjects with no psychiatric pathology. It was further found that the metacognition variable correlated positively with the absorption and depersonalization variables, and that these variables in turn correlated positively with each other. Finally, it should be stressed that the variables that best predict hallucination severity are depersonalization and the MCQ‐30 subscale `Need to control thoughts’.Conclusions. We discuss the role of metacognitive and dissociative variables in understanding hallucinations and suggest some approaches to their treatment.
Muller condition and fairness on multitransition systems
Authors: Mihoubi Douadi 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis paper presents an extension of a result by Guessarian and Niar to the framework of multitransition systems. In the case of a single process, Guessarian and Niar had shown that the set of fair computations of regular SCCS processes coincides with the class of ε-freeω-regular languages. Here, in the case of multitransition systems, we show essentially that the sets of fair computations on multitransition systems are strictly included in the class of ε-freeω-regularN-languages. The inclusions of these fair sets into the class of ε-freeω-regularN-languages are obtained by showing that the strict (respectively weak, strong) fair condition can be simulated by the Muller acceptance condition on multitransition systems. The strictness of the inclusions is obtained by exhibiting two counter-examples showing that the reverse is false, that is, not everyω-regularN-language is the set of fair computations of some multitransition system.
Effects of Etravirine Alone and with Ritonavir-Boosted Protease Inhibitors on the Pharmacokinetics of Dolutegravir
Authors: Song Ivy , Borland Julie , Min Sherene , Lou Yu , Chen Shuguang , Patel Parul , Wajima Toshihiro , Piscitelli Stephen C. 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACT

Dolutegravir (DTG) is an unboosted, once-daily integrase inhibitor currently in phase 3 trials. Two studies evaluated the effects of etravirine (ETR) alone and in combination with ritonavir (RTV)-boosted protease inhibitors (PIs) on DTG pharmacokinetics (PK) in healthy subjects. DTG 50 mg every 24 h (q24h) was administered alone for 5 days in period 1, followed by combination with ETR at 200 mg q12h for 14 days in period 2 (study 1) or with ETR/lopinavir (LPV)/RTV at 200/400/100 mg q12h or ETR/darunavir (DRV)/RTV at 200/600/100 mg q12h for 14 days in period 2 (study 2). PK samples were collected on day 5 in period 1 and day 14 in period 2. All of the treatments were well tolerated. ETR significantly decreased exposures of DTG, with geometric mean ratios of 0.294 (90% confidence intervals, 0.257 to 0.337) for the area under the curve from time zero until the end of the dosage interval (AUC
0-τ
), 0.484 (0.433 to 0.542) for the observed maximum plasma concentration (
C
max
), and 0.121 (0.093 to 0.157) for the plasma concentration at the end of the dosage interval (
C
τ
). ETR combined with an RTV-boosted PI affected the exposure of DTG to a lesser degree: ETR/LPV/RTV treatment had no effect on the DTG plasma AUC
0-τ
and
C
max
, whereas the
C
τ
increased by 28%. ETR/DRV/RTV modestly decreased the plasma DTG AUC
0-τ
,
C
max
, and
C
τ
by 25, 12, and 37%, respectively. Such effects of ETR/LPV/RTV and ETR/DRV/RTV are not considered clinically relevant. The combination of DTG and ETR alone should be avoided; however, DTG may be coadministered with ETR without a dosage adjustment if LPV/RTV or DRV/RTV is concurrently administered.