bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antinociceptive effects after oral administration of tramadol hydrochloride in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis)
Authors: Sanchez-Migallon Guzman David , Souza Marcy J. , Braun Jana M. , Cox Sherry K. , Keuler Nicholas S. , Paul-Murphy Joanne R. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate antinociceptive effects on thermal thresholds after oral administration of tramadol hydrochloride to Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis).
Animals—15 healthy adult Hispaniolan Amazon parrots.
Procedures—2 crossover experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, 15 parrots received 3 treatments (tramadol at 2 doses [10 and 20 mg/kg] and a control suspension) administered orally. In the second experiment, 11 parrots received 2 treatments (tramadol hydrochloride [30 mg/kg] and a control suspension) administered orally. Baseline thermal foot withdrawal threshold was measured 1 hour before drug or control suspension administration; thermal foot withdrawal threshold was measured after administration at 0.5, 1.5, 3, and 6 hours (both experiments) and also at 9 hours (second experiment only).
Results—For the first experiment, there were no overall effects of treatment, hour, period, or any interactions. For the second experiment, there was an overall effect of treatment, with a significant difference between tramadol hydrochloride and control suspension (mean change from baseline, 2.00° and −0.09°C, respectively). There also was a significant change from baseline for tramadol hydrochloride at 0.5, 1.5, and 6 hours after administration but not at 3 or 9 hours after administration.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Tramadol at a dose of 30 mg/kg, PO, induced thermal antinociception in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots. This dose was necessary for induction of significant and sustained analgesic effects, with duration of action up to 6 hours. Further studies with other types of noxious stimulation, dosages, and intervals are needed to fully evaluate the analgesic effects of tramadol hydrochloride in psittacines.
Validation of an equine inertial measurement unit system in clinically normal horses during walking and trotting
Authors: Moorman Valerie J. , Reiser Raoul F. , McIlwraith C. Wayne , Kawcak Chris E. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Objective—To validate an equine inertial measurement unit (IMU) system rigidly attached to a hoof against a 3-D optical kinematics system in horses during walking and trotting.
Animals—5 clinically normal horses.
Procedures—5 swing phases of the hooves of the right forelimb and hind limb were collected via both 3-D optical and IMU systems from 5 horses during walking and trotting. Linear and angular positions, velocities, and accelerations were compared between the 2 systems.
Results—Of the 55 variables compared between the 2 systems, 25 had high correlations (r > 0.8) and 18 had moderate correlations (r > 0.5). Root mean squared errors were lowest in the sagittal plane and orientation (1.1 to 4.4 cm over a range of 1.5 to 1.9 m in the cranial-caudal direction and 2.5° to 3.5° over a range of 88° to 110° rotating around the medial-lateral axis). There were more differences between the 2 systems during small changes in motion, such as in the medial-lateral and proximal-distal directions and in the angular measures around the cranial-caudal and proximal-distal axes.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The equine IMU system may be appropriate for rigid attachment to a hoof of a horse and use in examination of linear and angular motion in the sagittal plane of the hoof during the swing phase while walking and trotting. Although promising in many respects, the IMU system cannot currently be considered clinically useful for lameness evaluation because of limitations in accuracy, attachment method, and lack of stance phase evaluation.
Sonographic characteristics of presumptively normal main axillary and superficial cervical lymph nodes in dogs
Authors: Silver Tawni I. , Lawson Joshua A. , Mayer Monique N. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the B-mode and Doppler ultrasonographic appearance of presumptively normal main axillary and large superficial cervical lymph nodes (MALNs and SCLNs, respectively) in adult dogs.
Animals—51 healthy adult dogs (data from 1 dog were not analyzed).
Procedures—For each dog, weight, distance from the cranial aspect of the first sternebra to the caudal aspect of the left ischiatic tuberosity, and thoracic height and width at the level of the xiphoid process were recorded. Via B-mode and Doppler ultrasonography, echogenic characteristics, size in relation to body size and weight, and vascular supply of the MALNs and the SCLNs were evaluated (1 SCLN in 1 dog was not ultrasonographically visible).
Results—Most MALNs were clearly margined, solitary, and ovoid; echopatterns were homogenous or cortical and hypo- to isoechoic, compared with surrounding soft tissues. Size measurements of MALNs correlated with dogs' body length, thoracic width and height, and body weight. Most SCLNs were clearly margined, fusiform, and hypoechoic (compared with surrounding soft tissues) with a cortical or homogenous echopattern. Size measurements of SCLNs correlated with dogs' body length, thoracic width and height, and body weight. In 50 of the 100 MALNs, an intranodal vascular supply was detected; in contrast, an intranodal vascular supply in SCLNs was detected infrequently.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that, in dogs, anatomically separate lymph nodes have different echogenic and vascular characteristics; body size (skeletal length, height, and width), along with body weight, were correlated with sizes of presumptively normal MALNs and SCLNs.
Effects of extracellular lactate on production of reactive oxygen species by equine polymorphonuclear leukocytes in vitro
Authors: Echigoya Yusuke , Morita Shohei , Itou Takuya , Sakai Takeo 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate effects of extracellular lactate on viability, shape change, lactate metabolism, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in equine polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs).
Sample—PMNs isolated from equine venous blood samples.
Procedures—PMNs were incubated with 0 to 300mM lactate for 30 minutes before each experiment. Viability was assessed via trypan blue exclusion. Shape change was assessed via flow cytometry and light microscopy. Relative quantification of monocarboxylic acid transporter and lactate dehydrogenase lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isotype mRNAs was performed with a real-time PCR assay. Effects of lactate at a pH of 7.4 to 6.0 on ROS production in response to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, opsonized zymosan, or N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine was assessed by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence.
Results—Lactate had no effect on viability of PMNs but did alter their size and density. Monocarboxylic acid transporter 1 and lactate dehydrogenase B mRNA values were not altered. Monocarboxylic acid transporter 4 and lactate dehydrogenase A mRNA values were significantly decreased. Lactate incubation of cells significantly decreased PMN-derived luminol-dependent chemiluminescence and induced different sensitivities to stimulants (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, opsonized zymosan, and N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine). The response ratio to N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine revealed that PMNs were primed by incubation with up to 50mM lactate, significantly increasing the production of ROS. Incubation with lactate and acidic pH caused a synergistic effect on ROS production.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Extracellular lactate potentially has a direct effect on the capacity to produce ROS by equine PMNs, which may be associated with alterations in innate immune functions within a short period after high-intensity exercise.
Refractive state following retinal reattachment and silicone oil tamponade in dogs
Authors: Hoffman Allison , Wolfer Joe , Occelli Laurence , Lehenbauer Terry W. , Sapienza John , Novak Jenny M. , Combs Kelli L. , Konrade Kricket A. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the refractive error induced by intraocular administration of silicone oil (SiO) in dogs.
Animals—47 client-owned dogs evaluated for blindness secondary to retinal detachment.
Procedures—3-port pars plana vitrectomy with perfluoro-octane and SiO exchange (1,000- or 5,000-centistoke SiO) was performed in 1 or both eyes for all dogs (n = 63 eyes), depending on which eye or eyes were affected. Dogs were normotensive, had complete oil filling of the eyes, and were examined in a standing position for retinoscopic examination of both eyes (including healthy eyes).
Results—The mean refractive error for SiO-filled phakic and pseudophakic eyes was 2.67 and 3.24 D, respectively. The mean refractive error for SiO-filled aphakic eyes was 6.50 D. Dogs in which 5,000-centistoke SiO was used had consistently greater positive refractive errors (mean, 3.45 D), compared with dogs in which 1,000-centistoke SiO was used (mean, 2.10 D); however, the difference was nonsignificant. There was no significant linear relationship between refractive error and the number of days between surgery and retinoscopy.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Hyperopia was observed in all dogs that underwent SiO tamponade, regardless of lens status (phakic, pseudophakic, or aphakic). Aphakic eyes underwent a myopic shift when filled with SiO. Pseudophakic eyes appeared to be more hyperopic than phakic eyes when filled with SiO; however, additional investigation is needed to confirm the study findings.
Clinical profile of diabetic ketoacidosis in adults
Authors: Rao V D , Pradhan B , Mallikarjuna Y , Reddy R 
Published: July 2012

Introduction: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a potentially life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus. Recent epidemiological studies indicate that hospitalizations for DKA in the U.S. are increasing. Epidemiological studies from India are limited. We undertook this observational study to analyse the clinical profiles of DKA in adults in south India.Methods: This study was conducted in at a tertiary care center in Andhra Pradesh for one year from Aug 2010 to July 2011. Diagnosis of DKA was made by the presence of (1) Plasma glucose level of 250mg/dl or higher (2) Serum bicarbonate level of 15mEq/lt or lower (3) Arterial blood pH of 7.3 or lower or a venous blood pH of 7.25 or lower (4) Presence of moderate or large urine ketones. All the patients were treated with institutional treatment protocol.Results: Of 27 patients, 22(81%) had type2 diabetes and 5(19%) had type 1 DM .10 were females and 17 males. Age of the patients ranged between 18 to 70 years, with an average of 45.3 years. Precipitating factors were present in 60% of the admissions. Non-compliance or discontinuation of drug therapy was seen in fifty per cent of patients. Average length of hospital stay was slightly longer in type 1 than type 2 DM patientsConclusion: A significant proportion of DKA occurs in patients with type 2 diabetes and many of these cases can be prevented with proper patient education and effective communication with a health care provider during an inter-current illness.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v10i2.6569 Health Renaissance 2012; Vol 10 (No.2); 80-86
A spectacle retained acrylic orbital prosthesis for rehabilitation of an exenterated eye
Authors: Parajuli P K , Suwal P , Singh R K 
Published: July 2012

Exenteration of an eye causes massive disfigurement and psychologic as well as social embarrassment as facial appearance is severely crippled. Prosthetic rehabilitation of such patients, if done meticulously, will improve the appearance as well as their self confidence. This case report describes an orbital prosthesis fabricated to rehabilitate a patient with exenteration of right eye, with the most economical material and easily available technique.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v10i2.6585 Health Renaissance 2012; Vol 10 (No.2); 144-146
Retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma
Authors: Karki S , Sinha A K , Upadhyaya P , Agarwal M , Pradhan A , Paudyal P , Kafle S U , Kattel G , Agarwal R K 
Published: July 2012

Ganglioneuromas are fully differentiated benign tumors of the sympathetic nervous system arising from the neuroectodermal cells. Its reported incidence is one per million populations. We report an incidentally detected, histopathologically proven ganglioneuroma of the retroperitoneum in a 39 year old lady with the preoperative diagnosis of adrenal tumor.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v10i2.6586 Health Renaissance 2012; Vol 10 (No.2); 147-149
Discitis after spinal anaesthesia in lower limb surgery in orthopaedics
Authors: Chaudhary P , Shrestha B P , Khanal G P , Maharjan R , Rijal R , Paneru S R , Yadav D K 
Published: July 2012

Spinal Anaesthesia has its own complications from beginning of its use but due to lower incidence of its complications, its popularity has continued to increase worldwide. We present a case of 51 year old gentleman who had undergone removal of implant (plate from tibia and Rush nail from femur) at Orthopaedic Department of B.P.Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal with complain of low back pain with radiation to right lower limb, decreased sensation, difficulty in voiding following a surgery. We report this case for its rarity and unique characteristics and to highlight the importance of bits timely treatment so that serious neurological complications do not occur.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v10i2.6587 Health Renaissance 2012; Vol 10 (No.2); 150-152
Influence of Virginia Market Type Genotype on Peanut Response to Weed Interference
Authors: Place G. T. , Reberg-Horton S. C. , Jordan D. L. , Isleib T. G. , Wilkerson G. G. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Differences in the ability of cultivars to compete with weeds are not well-defined for peanut. Research was conducted in 2007 and 2008 to compare the growth and competitiveness of the virginia market type cultivars NC 10C, NC-V 11, NC 12C, Phillips, VA 98R, and breeding lines N99027L, N01013T, and N02020J under weedy and weed-free conditions. Weed-free peanut was established by applying preemergence and postemergence herbicides throughout the growing season supplemented by weekly hand removal of weeds. Clethodim was applied to weedy peanut to eliminate annual grass interference but not interference from broadleaf weeds and sedges. Weed-free peanut biomass, weedy peanut biomass, and weed biomass were not affected by genotype 10 weeks after peanut emergence. Although substantial yield loss was noted in presence of weeds, the percent yield loss did not vary by genotype when comparing weedy and weed-free yield. These data suggest that cultivar selection within virginia market type peanut will have limited utility in a comprehensive weed management strategy.
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Response to Lactofen at Various Postemergence Timings1
Authors: Dotray P. A. , Grichar W. J. , Baughman T. A. , Prostko E. P. , Grey T. L. , Gilbert L. V. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Field experiments were conducted at nine locations in Texas and Georgia in 2005 and 2006 to evaluate peanut tolerance to lactofen. Lactofen at 220 g ai/ha plus crop oil concentrate was applied to peanut at 6 leaf (lf), 6 lf followed by (fb) 15 days after the initial treatment (DAIT), 15 DAIT alone, 6 lf fb 30 DAIT, 30 DAIT alone, 6 lf fb 45 DAIT, 45 DAIT alone, 6 lf fb 60 DAIT, and 60 DAIT alone in weed-free plots. Lactofen caused visible leaf bronzing at all locations. Yield loss was observed when applications were made 45 DAIT, a timing that would correspond to plants in the R5 (beginning seed) to R6 (full seed) stage of growth. At all locations except the Texas High Plains, this application timing was within the 90 d preharvest interval. Growers who apply lactofen early in the peanut growing season to small weeds should have confidence that yields will not be negatively impacted despite dramatic above-ground injury symptoms; however, applications made later in the season, during seed fill, may adversely affect yield.
Quantifying Variable Rainfall Intensity Events on Seasonal Runoff and Sediment Losses from Strip and Conventionally Tilled Peanuts
Authors: Truman C. C. , Potter T. L. , Nuti R. C. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
The majority of peanut production in Georgia is in the Coastal Plain region where sandy soils and relatively high rainfall (∼1250 mm/yr) provide a favorable environment for the crop. Coastal Plain soils have traditionally been cropped under conventional tillage practices; and are susceptible to runoff, sediment, and chemical losses from short duration-high intensity, runoff producing storms. We quantified infiltration, runoff, and sediment losses from a Tifton loamy sand managed under conventional- (CT) and strip- (ST) tillage systems and planted to peanut at three times during a growing season with simulated rainfall that utilized variable rainfall intensities representative of each time period (spring, summer, fall). In 2008, a field study was established with CT and ST systems each planted to single-row peanut. Simulated rainfall was applied at planting, 30 days after planting, and after peanut harvest with rainfall events comprised of variable intensity (Iv) patterns representative of each time or season (spring = IvSPR, summer = IvSUM, fall = IvFALL). Simulated rainfall was applied to 6-m2 plots (n = 3) for each treatment with runoff (R) and sediment (E) yields measured from each plot. Overall, runoff and infiltration from CT and ST plots was 9–22% and 78–91% of the total rainfall applied, respectively. The most runoff occurred from CT-IvFALL plots; the least from ST-IvSUM plots. Sediment yields from CT and ST plots ranged from 105–1419 kg/ha. The most sediment occurred from CT-IvSPR plots; the least from ST-IvSUM plots. The most runoff and sediment per unit of rainfall applied occurred from CT-IvFALL plots. Rainfall intensity and runoff from CT and ST plots for IvSPR, IvSUM, and IvFALL events were correlated (r = 0.73–0.95). Runoff and sediment yield from CT and ST plots for IvSPR, IvSUM, and IvFALL events were also correlated (r = 0.66–0.99). Values of Rmax for CT and ST plots were 7–20% of the maximum intensity for their respective Iv events. Values of Rmax and Emax for CT and ST plots occurred 3–8 min after the maximum intensity for their respective events. The CT plots averaged 60% more runoff, 86% higher Rmax values, 3.3-fold more sediment, and 3.7-fold higher Emax values than ST plots. Maximum difference between CT and ST plots for runoff (2.4-fold), Rmax (2.7-fold), and sediment (3.8-fold) was for IvFALL events; maximum difference between CT and ST plots for Emax (5.6-fold) was for IvSUM events. Results show the pronounced effect of three rainfall intensity patterns and tillage on runoff and sediment losses from critical times (planting, first fungicide application ∼30 days after planting, after harvest) during a peanut growing season. Understanding the magnitude of runoff and sediment losses help define “windows of risk” and how conservation tillage can reduce those losses and help producers manage natural resources and agrichemical losses from peanut cropping systems.
Epithelial Myoepithelial Carcinoma- A Rare Case Report
Authors: Shruthi Hegde , Pal Sumona 
Published: July 2012

Background: Salivary gland tumors occupy an imperative part while considering the entire spectrum of tumor pathology occurring in the maxillo-facial and cervical areas. They often pose diagnostic uncertainty due to intrinsic architectural and cytologic complexity, overlapping architecture. Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma is a rare tumor, constituting 1% of all salivary gland tumors. Methods and Results: We present a case of Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma in a 55-year-old male who presented with paresthesia of lower lip and swelling of the right side of face . Imaging revealed complete destruction of right ramus with an enhancing soft tissue mass. Patient underwent a surgical excision of the mass, which revealed an Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma. Conclusion: Although Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma is extremely rare in occurrence, have immense destructive capabilities. Hence a description of clinical presentation, radiographic extension and histopathologic presentation would be of great additive value to the sparse information of this rare tumor DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v11i2.11480 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 11 No. 02 April 2012: 129-133
Multiple Idiopathic Cervical Resorption: A Case Report
Authors: Roy Deepak Kumar , Sharma Shivalal , Suwal Pramita , Singh Varun Pratap , Ayer Ashok 
Published: July 2012

Multiple idiopathic cervical resorption (MICR) is a disease of the tooth in which there is progressive cervical resorption of multiple teeth leading to exfoliation of crown. The etiological factors for such a resorption are various but the lack of definitive single etiological factor/disease process makes management of such processes extremely difficult. A flap surgery followed by restoration with glass ionomer cement was carried out for the cessation of resorption process, finally a cast partial denture was delivered for prosthetic rehabilitation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v11i2.8680 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 11 No. 02 April 2012: 151-153
Multiple origins of congested inflorescences in Cyperus s.s. (Cyperaceae): Developmental and structural evidence
Authors: Guarise Nicolás J. , Vegetti Abelardo C. , Pozner Raúl 
Published: July 2012

• Premise of the study: The understanding of homoplasic structures becomes more relevant when they are complex and define large angiosperm taxa. Inflorescence architecture usually fulfills both features, as happens with Cyperus, a genus with two taxonomical subdivisions characterized either by alternative expressions of Kranz anatomy (C3 or C4) or inflorescence shape (condensed or lax). Those subdivisions are not completely congruent because at least one of these presumed characters has evolved several times. We focused a SEM study on the inflorescence development in species with condensed inflorescences and different photosynthetic anatomy to test the possibility that condensed inflorescences of subgen. Anosporum (C3 anatomy) have evolved independently from those of subgen. Cyperus (C4 anatomy).• Methods: Freshly collected inflorescences of C. entrerianus, C. eragrostis, C. oxylepis, and C. incomtus were studied using stereoscopic and scanning electron microscopy.• Key results: Condensed inflorescences of Cyperus species with C3 and C4 anatomy had differences in structure and development: (1) mature structure, (2) position of second‐order branching initiation in the first developmental stage of the inflorescence, (3) main axis development and elongation, and branching development, (4) types of ramifications, (5) phyllotaxis and symmetry.• Conclusions: Results support multiple origins of condensed inflorescences in Cyperus, based especially on differences in timing during development and elongation of the main axis and branches, branching pattern and phyllotaxis. Structure and development may be the key to using inflorescence morphology as an external feature to distinguish large natural groups within Cyperus based on vegetative anatomy.