bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three Epigenetic Biomarkers, GDF15, TMEFF2, and VIM, Accurately Predict Bladder Cancer from DNA-Based Analyses of Urine Samples
Authors: Costa Vera L. , Henrique Rui , Danielsen Stine A. , Duarte-Pereira Sara , Eknaes Mette , Skotheim Rolf I. , Rodrigues Ângelo , Magalhães José S. , Oliveira Jorge , Lothe Ragnhild A. , Teixeira Manuel R. , Jerónimo Carmen , Lind Guro E. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Purpose: To identify a panel of epigenetic biomarkers for accurate bladder cancer (BlCa) detection in urine sediments.
Experimental Design: Gene expression microarray analysis of BlCa cell lines treated with 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine and trichostatin A as well as 26 tissue samples was used to identify a list of novel methylation candidates for BlCa. Methylation levels of candidate genes were quantified in 4 BlCa cell lines, 50 BlCa tissues, 20 normal bladder mucosas (NBM), and urine sediments from 51 BlCa patients and 20 healthy donors, 19 renal cancer patients, and 20 prostate cancer patients. Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis was used to assess the diagnostic performance of the gene panel.
Results: GDF15, HSPA2, TMEFF2, and VIM were identified as epigenetic biomarkers for BlCa. The methylation levels were significantly higher in BlCa tissues than in NBM (P &lt; 0.001) and the cancer specificity was retained in urine sediments (P &lt; 0.001). A methylation panel comprising GDF15, TMEFF2, and VIM correctly identified BlCa tissues with 100% sensitivity and specificity. In urine samples, the panel achieved a sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 100% and an area under the curve of 0.975. The gene panel could discriminate BlCa from both healthy individuals and renal or prostate cancer patients (sensitivity, 94%; specificity, 90%).
Conclusions: By using a genome-wide approach, we have identified a biomarker panel that allows for early and accurate noninvasive detection of BlCa using urine samples. Clin Cancer Res; 16(23); 5842–51. ©2010 AACR.
Prognostic Value of Baseline [18F] Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography and 99mTc-MDP Bone Scan in Progressing Metastatic Prostate Cancer
Authors: Meirelles Gustavo S.P. , Schöder Heiko , Ravizzini Gregory C. , Gönen Mithat , Fox Josef J. , Humm John , Morris Michael J. , Scher Howard I. , Larson Steven M. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Purpose: To compare the diagnostic and prognostic value of [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) and bone scans (BS) in the assessment of osseous lesions in patients with progressing prostate cancer.
Experimental Design: In a prospective imaging trial, 43 patients underwent FDG-PET and BS prior to experimental therapies. Bone scan index (BSI) and standardized uptake value (SUV) on FDG-PET were recorded. Patients were followed until death (n = 36) or at least 5 years (n = 7). Imaging findings were correlated with survival.
Results: Osseous lesions were detected in 39 patients on BS and 32 on FDG-PET (P = 0.01). Follow-up was available for 105 FDG-positive lesions, and 84 (80%) became positive on subsequent BS. Prognosis correlated inversely with SUV (median survival 14.4 versus 32.8 months if SUVmax &gt; 6.10 versus ≤ 6.10; P = 0.002) and BSI (14.7 versus 28.2 months if BSI &gt; 1.27 versus &lt; 1.27; P = 0.004). Only SUV was an independent factor in multivariate analysis.
Conclusion: This study of progressive prostate cancer confirms earlier work that BSI is a strong prognostic factor. Most FDG-only lesions at baseline become detectable on follow-up BS, suggesting their strong clinical relevance. FDG SUV is an independent prognostic factor and provides complementary prognostic information. Clin Cancer Res; 16(24); 6093–99. ©2010 AACR.
Comparison Between Transcatheter and Surgical Prosthetic Valve Implantation in Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis and Reduced Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction
Authors: Clavel M.A. , Webb J.G. , Rodés-Cabau J. , Masson J.B. , Dumont E. , De Larochellière R. , Doyle D. , Bergeron S. , Baumgartner H. , Burwash I.G. , Dumesnil J.G. , Mundigler G. , Moss R. , Kempny A. , Bagur R. , Bergler-Klein J. , Gurvitch R. , Mathieu P. , Pibarot P. 
Published: October 2010

Background—
Patients with severe aortic stenosis and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) have a poor prognosis with conservative therapy but a high operative mortality when treated surgically. Recently, transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has emerged as an alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) for patients considered at high or prohibitive operative risk. The objective of this study was to compare TAVI and SAVR with respect to postoperative recovery of LVEF in patients with severe aortic stenosis and reduced LV systolic function.

Methods and Results—

Echocardiographic data were prospectively collected before and after the procedure in 200 patients undergoing SAVR and 83 patients undergoing TAVI for severe aortic stenosis (aortic valve area ≤1 cm
2
) with reduced LV systolic function (LVEF ≤50%). TAVI patients were significantly older (81±8 versus 70±10 years;
P
<0.0001) and had more comorbidities compared with SAVR patients. Despite similar baseline LVEF (34±11% versus 34±10%), TAVI patients had better recovery of LVEF compared with SAVR patients (ΔLVEF, 14±15% versus 7±11%;
P
=0.005). At the 1-year follow-up, 58% of TAVI patients had a normalization of LVEF (>50%) as opposed to 20% in the SAVR group. On multivariable analysis, female gender (
P
=0.004), lower LVEF at baseline (
P
=0.005), absence of atrial fibrillation (
P
=0.01), TAVI (
P
=0.007), and larger increase in aortic valve area after the procedure (
P
=0.01) were independently associated with better recovery of LVEF.

Conclusion—
In patients with severe aortic stenosis and depressed LV systolic function, TAVI is associated with better LVEF recovery compared with SAVR. TAVI may provide an interesting alternative to SAVR in patients with depressed LV systolic function considered at high surgical risk.
High-Density Lipoprotein Suppresses the Type I Interferon Response, a Family of Potent Antiviral Immunoregulators, in Macrophages Challenged With Lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Suzuki Masashi , Pritchard David K. , Becker Lev , Hoofnagle Andrew N. , Tanimura Natsuko , Bammler Theo K. , Beyer Richard P. , Bumgarner Roger , Vaisar Tomas , de Beer Maria C. , de Beer Frederick C. , Miyake Kensuke , Oram John F. , Heinecke Jay W. 
Published: October 2010

Background—
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) protects the artery wall by removing cholesterol from lipid-laden macrophages. However, recent evidence suggests that HDL might also inhibit atherogenesis by combating inflammation.

Methods and Results—

To identify potential antiinflammatory mechanisms, we challenged macrophages with lipopolysaccharide, an inflammatory microbial ligand for Toll-like receptor 4. HDL inhibited the expression of 30 (277 of 911) of the genes normally induced by lipopolysaccharide, microarray analysis revealed. One of its major targets was the type I interferon response pathway, a family of potent viral immunoregulators controlled by Toll-like receptor 4 and the TRAM/TRIF signaling pathway. Unexpectedly, the ability of HDL to inhibit gene expression was independent of macrophage cholesterol stores. Immunofluorescent studies suggested that HDL promoted TRAM translocation to intracellular compartments, which impaired subsequent signaling by Toll-like receptor 4 and TRIF. To examine the potential in vivo relevance of the pathway, we used mice deficient in apolipoprotein A-I, the major protein of HDL. After infection with
Salmonella typhimurium
, a Gram-negative bacterium that expresses lipopolysaccharide, apolipoprotein A-I–deficient mice had 6-fold higher plasma levels of interferon-β, a key regulator of the type I interferon response, than did wild-type mice.

Conclusions—
HDL inhibits a subset of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophage genes that regulate the type I interferon response, and its action is independent of sterol metabolism. These findings raise the possibility that regulation of macrophage genes by HDL might link innate immunity and cardioprotection.
Peaks-over-Threshold Study of Trends in Extreme Rainfall over the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Acero Francisco Javier , García José Agustín , Gallego María Cruz 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA peaks-over-threshold (POT) approach is used to study trends in extreme rainfall over the Iberian Peninsula (IP) at a daily scale. Records from 52 observatories regularly distributed over Iberia with no missing data were available for the common period from 1958 to 2004. The POT approach was used because it is particularly effective at extracting information concerning true extreme events. A generalized Pareto distribution fit was made to the data involving time-dependent parameters to account for possible temporal changes in the frequency distribution. These parameters were analyzed for trends in the return-level period, of importance for engineering purposes. A time-varying threshold was defined and an automatic declustering scheme was used to select independent extreme events exceeding the threshold. The results indicate a high variability of extreme events over the coastline of the IP, greater over the Mediterranean coast than over the Atlantic coast. The calculation of the trends for the 2-yr return level yielded a large proportion of negative trends for all three seasons considered: 58% for winter, 63% for spring, and 69% for autumn. The parametric approach also revealed an increase in the area with a positive trend of the 20-yr return level relative to the 2-yr return period, especially in autumn in the east of the IP.
Estimating the Observed Atmospheric Response to SST Anomalies: Maximum Covariance Analysis, Generalized Equilibrium Feedback Assessment, and Maximum Response Estimation
Authors: Frankignoul Claude , Chouaib Nadine , Liu Zhengyu 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Three multivariate statistical methods to estimate the influence of SST or boundary forcing on the atmosphere are discussed. Lagged maximum covariance analysis (MCA) maximizes the covariance between the atmosphere and prior SST, thus favoring large responses and dominant SST patterns. However, it does not take into account the possible SST evolution during the time lag. To correctly represent the relation between forcing and response, a new SST correction is introduced. The singular value decomposition (SVD) of generalized equilibrium feedback assessment (GEFA–SVD) identifies in a truncated SST space the optimal SST patterns for forcing the atmosphere, independently of the SST amplitude; hence it may not detect a large response. A new method based on GEFA, named maximum response estimation (MRE), is devised to estimate the largest boundary-forced atmospheric signal. The methods are compared using synthetic data with known properties and observed North Atlantic monthly anomaly data. The synthetic data shows that the MCA is generally robust and essentially unbiased. GEFA–SVD is less robust and sensitive to the truncation. MRE is less sensitive to truncation and nearly as robust as MCA, providing the closest approximation to the largest true response to the sample SST. To analyze the observations, a 2-month delay in the atmospheric response is assumed based on recent studies. The delay strongly affects GEFA–SVD and MRE, and it is key to obtaining consistent results between MCA and MRE. The MCA and MRE confirm that the dominant atmospheric signal is the NAO-like response to North Atlantic horseshoe SST anomalies. When the atmosphere is considered in early winter, the response is strongest and MCA most powerful. With all months of the year, MRE provides the most significant results. GEFA–SVD yields SST patterns and NAO-like atmospheric responses that depend on lag and truncation, thus lacking robustness. When SST leads by 1 month, a significant mode is found by the three methods, but it primarily reflects, or is strongly affected by, atmosphere persistence.
Mixture Distributions and the Hydroclimatology of Extreme Rainfall and Flooding in the Eastern United States
Authors: Smith James A. , Villarini Gabriele , Baeck Mary Lynn 
Published: October 2010

AbstractFlooding in the eastern United States reflects a mixture of flood-generating mechanisms, with landfalling tropical cyclones and extratropical systems playing central roles. The authors examine the climatology of heavy rainfall and flood magnitudes for the eastern United States through analyses of long-duration records of flood peaks and maximum daily rainfall series. Spatial heterogeneities in flood peak distributions due to orographic precipitation mechanisms in mountainous terrain, coastal circulations near land–ocean boundaries, and urbanization impacts on regional climate are central elements of flood peak distributions. Lagrangian analyses of rainfall distribution and storm evolution are presented for flood events in the eastern United States and used to motivate new directions for stochastic modeling of rainfall. Tropical cyclones are an important element of the upper tail of flood peak distributions throughout the eastern United States, but their relative importance varies widely, and abruptly, in space over the region. Nonstationarities and long-term persistence of flood peak and rainfall distributions are examined from the perspective of the impacts of human-induced climate change on flood-generating mechanisms. Analyses of flood frequency for the eastern United States, which are based on observations from a dense network of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) stream gauging stations, provide insights into emerging problems in flood science.
Numerical Simulation of Wave Breaking
Authors: Irisov Vladimir , Voronovich Alexander 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe wave breaking events in a continuous spectrum of surface gravity waves are investigated numerically in 2D within a framework of the potential motion model. It is claimed that the major physical mechanism leading to wave breaking is “squeezing” of relatively short waves by the surface currents due to longer waves (the “concertina” effect), which causes the shorter waves to steepen and become unstable. It is demonstrated that locations of the breaking events are well correlated with the maximum of local current convergence, although slightly worse correlation of the locations with the local steepness of undulating surface cannot reliably exclude the latter mechanism either. It is found also that the breaking events are very rare for random surfaces with a root-mean-square (RMS) current gradient below a threshold value of about 1 s−1.The process of wave breaking was investigated by two numerical codes. One of them is based on approximation of continuous media with a discrete Hamiltonian system, which can be integrated in time very efficiently and accurately but is limited to single-valued profiles. The other is the Laplacian approach, which can explicitly exhibit the overturning of plunging breakers. Study of the discrete system shows that wave breaking is associated with the explosive growth of a certain spatially localized mode of the system.
Group Visits in Diabetes Care
Authors: Braun Riley Susan , Marshall Elaine Sorensen 
Published: October 2010

Purpose This review appraised research evidence on the effectiveness of group visits for persons with diabetes. The group visit approach included both education and medical management of the patient, and this review focuses on the implications for the certified diabetes educator (CDE) as part of the group visit provider team. Methods A search of a comprehensive list of databases produced 395 articles related to group visits, group education, and primary care of patients with diabetes. Results Using specific inclusion criteria, 12 articles were included in the review. Four review articles examined a total of 75 studies, and 8 additional original research articles analyzed outcomes related to group visits in the care of patients with diabetes. Conclusions Current models for diabetes focused group visits that incorporate both group education and a health provider office visit in lieu of the traditional brief office visit failed to demonstrate consistent statistical improvement in A1C, BP, or lipids. There is evidence that group visits may reduce costs, some physiological outcomes may be improved, and patient and clinician satisfaction may be enhanced. The diabetes focused group visit model needs further testing by health care teams in a variety of settings including private primary care and rural practices.
Wounded Bodies, Recovered Bodies: Discourses around female sexual mutilations
Authors: Boni Tanella 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis study reviews various discourses around female sexual mutilation from the perspective of the human and social sciences, and also current debates between supporters of the cultural argument and those defending the universality of human rights. An aside about the Dogon myth of world order recorded by Marcel Griaule in Dieu d’eau or Aristotle's philosophical discourse in the Reproduction of Animals is required in order to widen the debate and see its importance as regards the dignity of the human person. In Aristotle woman is a freak accident, she interrupts the circle that goes from man to man so that he can start off again. Woman is a “catastrophe” necessary to the exercise of the male genitalia; her body is naturally mutilated and incomplete. In the Dogon myth the clitoris rises up like a termite-hill, it is oversized and must be knocked down, that is, excised. Between excessive size, monstrousness and ugliness come discourses which have since time immemorial accompanied and justified wounding the female genitals. But today a medical type of discourse, which is widely accepted, is aiming to repair excised genitalia and give back to women the happiness of a recovered body. Thus we may ask what “woman's dignity” consists of and whether it is the same as the “dignity of the human person”.
Is Sociobiology Amendable? Feminist and Darwinian women biologists confront the paradigm of sexual selection
Authors: Hoquet Thierry 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIs it possible to be a socio-biologist and a feminist? Socio-biology has been accused of being a macho ideological arsenal, which seems to exclude in advance any possibility of amending it. However that was the project of several female researchers (in particular S. B. Hrdy and P. A. Gowaty), who suggested adopting the science's theoretical framework in order to change it from within. This has been expressed in a change of focus: an appeal to take account of female strategies and their evolution as well as the “sex war” at work in process of reproduction. This opening out of socio-biology's theoretical framework has not been undertaken in the name of the privilege of a “female perspective” but it has without a doubt been nourished by the researchers’ marginal position in their discipline as well as their political involvement. “Male” contributions, such as W. G. Eberhard's work on the “female's cryptic choice”, are also part of this movement though they do not claim allegiance to it. Similarly, a critical study has been carried out on the vocabulary of socio-biology: not in order to exercise a “politically correct” ideological tyranny but to improve the efficiency of the conceptual tools introduced by the science. Today some feminists think feminism should incorporate socio-biology's results but resistance still remains strong. Though many feminists think feminism has more to bring to biology than the reverse, many biologists consider that feminism is just an ideology that should remain apart from scientific work.
The Impact of Gender on Religious Studies
Authors: Joy Morny 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe theme of gender in religion has not been dealt with homogenously given the many research areas that feed into the discipline of religious studies. This paper reviews the different uses of “gender” over the last 20 years. It notes that, though there is no single definition of the word, “gender” as a term has had a very great impact on the way women have formulated their demand for equality of treatment and renegotiated or even raised new claims as regards their integrity and identity.
Multiculturalism, Gender and Political Participation in Morocco
Authors: Ennaji Moha 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe multiculturalism and multilingualism typical of Moroccan society not only act as a backdrop to women's participation in the public and political arena, but also provide a grid to analyse it. Upper-class women, whose level of education contrasted with very widespread illiteracy among the female population, were responsible for the birth of the modern feminist movement in Morocco in the 1940s. The heirs to historical figures who were prominent in building the nation, they fired the starting gun for women's emancipation. Moroccan women have struggled against colonialism and contributed to the progress of society. Their participation in politics is still limited mainly because of conservative ideas that stand in the way of their entry into political life.All in all women's emancipation in Morocco has advanced since independence. Because of their fight women's associations, and democratic forces in general, succeeded in bringing about reform of the Mudawana (family code) in 2004. However the choice between modernity and tradition remains a big challenge.
The Ambiguous State: Gender and Citizenship as Barter in Algeria
Authors: Cheriet Boutheina 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis essay proposes a re-reading of the process of establishing the post-colonial nation-state in Algeria, and of the dynamics of citizenship in the light of gender, in order to illuminate the hesitations of the political class as to the meaning of the principle of universal emancipation and sexual equality in the private sphere of personal status.Whereas up to now readings studying the nature of the Algerian political regime and its ideological discourse have been solely concerned with denouncing the “moribund” character of modernism and/or “Algerian-style” socialism, the argument will deal mainly with the private domestic sphere in order to expose ideological references and representations that are decidedly traditionalist, if not archaic, as regards gender relations in the Algerian family, idealized by the legislation underlying the Family Code (1984/2005).Finally a detailed review, based on an analysis by gender, of the minutes of parliamentary debates in the legislatures from 1982 to 1984 will demonstrate the highly patriarchal nature of the cultural representations of Algeria's decision-makers, who are reluctant to extend “modernization” to the female population.
Myeloperoxidase is required for neutrophil extracellular trap formation: implications for innate immunity
Authors: Metzler Kathleen D. , Fuchs Tobias A. , Nauseef William M. , Reumaux Dominique , Roesler Joachim , Schulze Ilka , Wahn Volker , Papayannopoulos Venizelos , Zychlinsky Arturo 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe granule enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) plays an important role in neutrophil antimicrobial responses. However, the severity of immunodeficiency in patients carrying mutations in MPO is variable. Serious microbial infections, especially with Candida species, have been observed in a subset of completely MPO-deficient patients. Here we show that neutrophils from donors who are completely deficient in MPO fail to form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), indicating that MPO is required for NET formation. In contrast, neutrophils from partially MPO-deficient donors make NETs, and pharmacological inhibition of MPO only delays and reduces NET formation. Extracellular products of MPO do not rescue NET formation, suggesting that MPO acts cell-autonomously. Finally, NET-dependent inhibition of Candida albicans growth is compromised in MPO-deficient neutrophils. The inability to form NETs may contribute in part to the host defense defects observed in completely MPO-deficient individuals.