bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical prediction of isothermally reacting mixing layer using vortex‐in‐cell and filtered density function
Authors: Siklawi C. , Milane R. E. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA large eddy simulation based on the filtered vorticity transport equation and the filtered density function (FDF) transport equation developed in an earlier study is extended to predict a chemically reacting flow with no heat release. The filtered vorticity transport equation is solved using the vortex‐in‐cell scheme in conjunction with the dynamic eddy viscosity subgrid‐scale models. The transport equation for FDF is solved using the Lagrangian Monte‐Carlo method. The methodology is tested on a chemically reacting spatially growing mixing layer with no heat release. The effects of Damköhler number (Da) on the concentration structure of the reacting mixing layer, the mean reactant and product concentrations and on the reactant FDF are investigated. It is shown that mixing has a greater effect on scalar field within the vortex structure as compared with the braid regions. Also for high Da, the reaction zones are mainly limited to the thin reacting interfacial zones, i.e. the contact zone between the reactants, whereas for low Da, the reacting zones are spread as reacting pockets within the vortex structure. The effects of Da on mean reactant and product concentrations, root‐mean‐square concentration fluctuations and probability density are discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Immer noch gut für Überraschungen
Authors: Martin Lutz 
Published: April 2010

AbstractMehr als sieben Jahrzehnte ruhten die Grabungen am Tell Halaf. Vor kurzem haben deutsche und syrische Archäologen die Arbeit wieder aufgenommen – und gewinnen erneut vielfältige Einblicke in die altorientalische Siedlungsgeschichte
Microwave‐assisted synthesis of novel 4‐N,N‐dimethylamino‐ and 4‐cycloamino‐ substituted 1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐thiones
Authors: Gobis Katarzyna , Foks Henryk 
Published: April 2010

Abstract4‐N,N‐Dimethylamino‐ and 4‐cycloamino‐5‐phenyl‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐thiones 1–13 have been synthesized from benzhydrazides and substituted methyl dithiocarbazates under various conditions including short microwave irradiations. The last method seemed faster than the classical refluxing one. The influence of base and solvent types on the reaction direction has been also examined. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 21:188–195, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20594
GRP78 as potential predictor for breast cancer response to adjuvant taxane therapy
Authors: Lee Eunjung , Nichols Peter , Groshen Susan , Spicer Darcy , Lee Amy S. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractFew predictive markers exist for response to adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. The 78‐kDa glucose‐regulated protein (GRP78) is a potent antiapoptotic factor, conferring drug resistance. Recently, we reported that high GRP78 expression in breast cancer specimens predicts a shorter recurrence‐free survival in patients who received doxorubicin‐based adjuvant chemotherapy. Interestingly, the opposite effect was observed in 25 patients who additionally received a taxane. To confirm this potentially paradigm shifting finding, we investigated whether GRP78 is associated with recurrence‐free survival in an independent cohort of taxane‐treated breast cancer patients. Immunohistochemical staining of GRP78 was performed on archival paraffin‐embedded formalin‐fixed tumor specimens obtained from 48 female breast cancer patients before chemotherapy treatment. These patients received doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide, followed by paclitaxel or docetaxel on a clinical trial. GRP78 expression level was evaluated by a pathologist, masked to all clinical and outcome data. Association between GRP78 expression and recurrence‐free survival was evaluated. GRP78 positivity predicts a better recurrence‐free survival, independent of other prognostic factors [hazard ratio (HR) for moderate positivity: 0.40 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.087–1.83); HR for strong positivity: 0.16 (95% CI: 0.018–1.50); ptrend = 0.053]. In a pooled analysis with the previous 25 patients, almost identical HRs were obtained with ptrend = 0.024. This provides further evidence that GRP78 is a potential independent predictor for response to taxane‐based adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer.
Alpha‐fetoprotein: A new member of intracellular signal molecules in regulation of the PI3K/AKT signaling in human hepatoma cell lines
Authors: Li Mengsen , Li Hui , Li Chaoying , Wang Shanshan , Jiang Wei , Liu Zhongmin , Zhou Sheng , Liu Xinhua , McNutt Michael A. , Li Gang 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDespite its well‐defined role as a serum growth factor during fetal liver development and hepatic oncogenesis, the biological significance of cytoplasmic alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) remains incompletely understood. Here, we provide evidence to illustrate that cytoplasmic AFP may function as a regulator in the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. The results demonstrated colocalization and interaction of AFP and phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) in the cytoplasm of AFP‐producing Bel 7402 and HepG2 cells, with an interaction distance of 12.6 ± 2.7 Å as determined with the fluorescence resonance energy transfer technique. Knockdown of AFP mRNA or inhibition of AFP expression by all trans‐retinoic acid resulted in enhancement of the PTEN level with a synchronous decrease in phosphorylated AKT. Transfection of the afp gene into HLE cells (originally AFP negative) led to a significant activation of AKT signaling. The inhibition of PI3K signaling by LY 294002 was simultaneously reversed by transfection, accompanied by diminution of all trans‐retinoic acid‐induced upregulation of PTEN and enhancement of cell growth. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that cytoplasmic AFP is involved in regulation of hepatocellular growth and tumorigenesis.
Diagnostic evaluation of apoptosis inhibitory gene and tissue inhibitor matrix metalloproteinase‐2 in patients with bladder cancer
Authors: Eissa Sanaa , Shabayek Marwa I. , Ismail Manal F. , El‐Allawy Raouf M. , Hamdy Mohamed A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBladder carcinoma is an important worldwide health problem. Both cystoscopy and urine cytology used in detecting bladder cancer suffer from drawbacks where cystoscopy is an invasive method and urine cytology shows low sensitivity in low‐grade tumors. This study validates easier and less time‐consuming techniques for the estimation of survivin and TIMP‐2 in urine of bladder cancer patients to evaluate them in comparison with cytology. This study includes malignant (bladder cancer patients, n = 42), benign (patients with bilharzial cystitis, n = 22) and healthy (n = 21) groups. The studied groups were subjected to cystoscopic examination, detection of bilharzial antibodies, urine cytology, and estimation of urinary survivin by qualitative RT‐nested PCR and TIMP‐2 by ELISA. Significantly higher positivity rates of urinary survivin and TIMP‐2 were observed in the malignant group compared with benign and healthy groups. On associating the two urinary markers with different clinicopathological factors, only TIMP‐2 exerted significantly higher positivity rate in invasive stage (100%) than superficial stage (82.3%). Survivin showed 78.6% sensitivity, 95.3% specificity, 94.3% PPV, 82% NPV, and 87% accuracy. When combined with urine cytology, the sensitivity increased to 83.3%. While on applying the cutoff value of urinary TIMP‐2 (≤639.5 pg/mg protein), it showed 93% sensitivity, 83.7% specificity, 85% PPV, 92.3% NPV, and 88.2% accuracy. When combined with urine cytology, the TIMP‐2 sensitivity remained 93%. On combining cytology with both urinary survivin and TIMP‐2, the highest sensitivity was reached (98%). Survivin and TIMP‐2 can be considered as potentially useful urine markers in early detection of bladder cancer. © 2010 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 62(5): 394–399, 2010
Thromboelastographic study of biomaterials
Authors: Peng Henry T. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThromboelastography (TEG) is drawing more attention for clinical andin vitrostudies of blood coagulation. It can be applied to evaluate the effects of both blood‐soluble and insoluble biomaterials on whole blood coagulation from the beginning of coagulation through clot formation to the ending with fibrinolysis. TEG may also identify the relative contributions of various clotting factors, such as fibrinogen and platelets, to the overall coagulation process based on profiles of its variables using whole and partial blood components. A comprehensive review has been conducted on its applications for the assessment of a wide range of blood‐contacting biomaterials ranging from polymers to ceramics and biomedical devices involved in many applications. The methodology is different in terms of instrumentation, the methods to activate blood coagulation, the type of blood (citrated versus fresh blood), and study settings (in vitro,in vivo, and clinical trials). The author's own work and future directions are discussed as well. TEG should be considered as one of the most useful tools for evaluatingin vitroandin vivoblood–biomaterial interactions for different applications. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010
An in vitro investigation of the mechanical–chemical and biological properties of calcium phosphate/calcium silicate/bismutite cement for dental pulp capping
Authors: Shen Qingyi , Sun Jiao , Wu Jie , Liu Changsheng , Chen Fangping 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe properties of new calcium phosphate/calcium silicate/bismutite (CPCSBi) cement were compared with those of calcium hydroxide (CH) and Dycal cements in dental pulp‐capping applications. CPCSBi is composed of hydroxyapatite, tetracalcium phosphate, bismutite, and calcium silicate, which was analyzed by SEM, FTIR, and XRD. The results of ion release from CPCSBi showed that the concentrations of Bi3+, Ca2+, PO42−, and Si4+ increased with time in deionized water solutions. The setting time of CPCSBi and Dycal was 13 min 50 s and 2 min 25 s, respectively. There were no statistical differences in compressive strength and solubility between CPCSBi and Dycal (p > 0.05). The pH of CPCSBi (10.9) was lower than that of CH (11.6) and Dycal (12.5) after immersion for 24 h. Only slight cytotoxicity appeared for CPCSBi, whereas both CH and Dycal produced moderate discoloration and lysis. In antimicrobial tests against Sm, Av, La, and Sa, the antimicrobial potency of the CPCSBi was approximately 5–10 times greater than that of Dycal and CH groups. The dissoluble dentin matrix components (DDMCs) extracted from CPCSBi exposed to dentin powder demonstrated increased expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and soteocalcin (OCN) dramatically in human pulp cells by RT‐PCR. These results suggest that CPCSBi will be a good candidate for use as a dental pulp‐capping agent in future. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010
Bioactivity and architecture of Candida albicans biofilms developed on poly(methyl methacrylate) resin surface
Authors: da Silva Wander José , Seneviratne Jayampath , Samaranayake Lakshman Perera , Del Bel Cury Altair Antoninha 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the bioactivity and architecture of Candida albicans biofilms developed on the surface of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) resin. To do this, surface roughness (SR) and surface free energy of PMMA specimens were measured. Next, the biofilms of two different C. albicans strains (ATCC 90028 and SC5314) were allowed to develop on the PMMA surface and evaluated at 24, 48, and 72 h after adhesion. The bioactivity of the biofilms was measured by the XTT reduction assay. Biofilm topography was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Confocal microscopy was used to evaluate the architectural properties of bio‐volume, average thickness, biofilm roughness, surface area/volume ratio and the proportion of live/dead cells in the different biofilm development stages. SR and SFE had no influence on biofilm development. Each strain exhibited a different biofilm activity (P < 0.001). Confocal images showed different architectures for the different biofilm development stages. We conclude that the main differences detected in biofilm bioactivity and architecture were related to the characteristics of each C. albicans strain and to biofilm development time. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010
Enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse for bioethanol production: determining optimal enzyme loading using neural networks
Authors: Rivera Elmer Ccopa , Rabelo Sarita Cândida , dos Reis Garcia Daniella , Filho Rubens Maciel , da Costa Aline Carvalho 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:The efficient production of a fermentable hydrolyzate is an immensely important requirement in the utilization of lignocellulosic biomass as a feedstock in bioethanol production processes. The identification of the optimal enzyme loading is of particular importance to maximize the amount of glucose produced from lignocellulosic materials while maintaining low costs. This requirement can only be achieved by incorporating reliable methodologies to properly address the optimization problem.RESULTS:In this work, a data‐driven technique based on artificial neural networks and design of experiments have been integrated in order to identify the optimal enzyme combination. The enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse was used as a case study. This technique was used to build up a model of the combined effects of cellulase (FPU/L) and β‐glucosidase (CBU/L) loads on glucose yield (%) after enzymatic hydrolysis. The optimal glucose yield, above 99%, was achieved with cellulase and β‐glucosidase concentrations in the ranges of 460.0 to 580.0 FPU L−1(15.3–19.3 FPU g−1bagasse) and 750.0 to 1140.0 CBU L−1(2–38 CBU g−1bagasse), respectively.CONCLUSIONS:The dynamic model developed can be used not only to the prediction of glucose concentration profiles for different enzymatic loadings, but also to obtain the optimum enzymes loading that leads to high glucose yield. It can promote both a successful hydrolysis process control and a more effective employment of enzymes. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Trauma exposure in childhood impairs the ability to recall specific autobiographical memories in late adolescence
Authors: Brennen Tim , Hasanović Mevludin , Zotović Marija , Blix Ines , Solheim Skar Ane‐Marthe , Prelić Nera Kravić , Mehmedović Indira , Pajević Izet , Popović Nemanja , Gavrilov‐Jerković Vesna 
Published: April 2010

AbstractJ. M. G. Williams (1996) predicted that exposure to potentially traumatizing events at an early age would give rise to overgeneral recall from autobiographical memory, i.e., recall of general rather than specific events, and that in adolescence this tendency would be uncorrelated with psychopathological symptoms, e.g., depression. This was supported by two studies where war‐exposed Bosnian adolescents produced significantly fewer specific autobiographical memories than a Norwegian control group, as did bombing‐exposed Serbian adolescents compared to nontrauma‐exposed Serbians. No significant correlations were found between autobiographical memory specificity and measures of depression, anxiety, dissociation or impact of trauma, which is consistent with Williams' idea that an overgeneral memory retrieval strategy is at first protective, and a risk factor for depression only upon reaching adulthood.
Development of Electrospun Three‐arm Star Poly(ε‐caprolactone) Meshes for Tissue Engineering Applications
Authors: Puppi Dario , Detta Nicola , Piras Anna Maria , Chiellini Federica , Clarke David A. , Reilly Gwendolen C. , Chiellini Emo 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe have developed three‐dimensional electrospun microfibrous meshes of a novel star branched three‐arm poly(ε‐caprolactone) (*PCL) as potential scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. The processing conditions required to obtain uniform fibers were optimized by studying their influence on fiber morphology and size. Polymer molecular weight and solution feed rate influenced both the mesh microstructure and the tensile properties of the developed mats. Electrospun samples were also tested for their mechanical properties in wet conditions, showing higher yield strength and strain in comparison to that observed in dry conditions. Cell culture experiments employing MC3T3‐E1 osteoblast like cells showed good cell viability adhesion and collagen production on the *PCL scaffolds.magnified image
Fluorinated Polymer Nanoparticles as a Novel 19F MRI Contrast Agent Prepared by Dendrimer‐Initiated Living Radical Polymerization
Authors: Ogawa Michihiro , Nitahara Satoshi , Aoki Hiroyuki , Ito Shinzaburo , Narazaki Michiko , Matsuda Tetsuya 
Published: April 2010

AbstractNovel fluorinated polymer nanoparticles (PNPs) for 19F MRI were prepared by living radical polymerization initiated by a dendrimer. The dendritic macroinitiator with Br substituents was synthesized from hydroxy‐group‐terminated G2 polyamidoamine dendrimers. The arborescent fluorinated polymers of 2,2,3,3‐tetrafluoropropyl methacrylate and 2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl methacrylate were characterized in molecular weight, the number of arms, the degree of polymerization per arm, and the diameter as a whole. The PNP diameter was precisely controlled by the molecular weight in the range of 3–25 nm. In addition, the fluorinated PNP gave a narrow resonance by 19F NMR spectroscopy. These results indicate that the fluorinated PNP can be used as a new type of 19F MRI agent.magnified image
Dramatic Improvements in Mechanical Properties of Poly(L‐lactide)/Silica Nanocomposites by Addition of Hyperbranched Poly(ester amide)
Authors: Wen Xin , Lin Ying , Han Changyu , Han Lijing , Li Yuesheng , Dong Lisong 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBiodegradable hyperbranched poly(ester amide) (HBP) was used as a compatibilizer to modify PLA/SiO2 nanocomposites for the first time. The ternary composites displayed dramatically improved mechanical properties including excellent toughness and fairly high stiffness. TEM images revealed that an encapsulation structure was formed by HBP surrounding SiO2 nanoparticles, and their surfaces became flocculent due to the migration process of silica. The linear viscoelastic behavior of the nanocomposites measured by parallel plate rheometer indicated that strong interface adhesion existed between PLA matrix and silica nanofiller after incorporating of HBP. The compatibilization effect of HBP and the enhanced mobility of nanoparticles contributed to the improved mechanical properties.magnified image
Do hypermobile subjects without pain have alteration to the feedback mechanisms controlling the shoulder girdle?
Authors: Jeremiah H.M. , Alexander C.M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectives: It has been reported that hypermobile subjects have proprioceptive deficits. However, it remains unclear whether pain‐free subjects with hypermobility also have deficits.Methods: Ten subjects with hypermobility and nine without hypermobility were recruited following ethical approval and informed consent. Shoulder mobility, joint position sense (JPS) and a reflex of trapezius evoked from arm afferents were compared.Results: There was greater shoulder mobility in the hypermobile group (p = 0.004). There were no differences in shoulder JPS between the groups (p = 0.27), although, the hypermobile group displayed a larger degree of variability (p = 0.014). Finally, there were no differences in the latency of upper and lower trapezius reflexes evoked from arm afferents (p = 0.86 and 0.98, respectively).Conclusions: In a group of people with hypermobility without shoulder problems, there was no difference in either shoulder JPS or reflex latency when compared with a non‐ hypermobile group. The relevance of pain to proprioceptive deficits is discussed. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dental health at the transition from the Late Antique to the early Medieval period on Croatia's eastern Adriatic coast
Authors: Šlaus Mario , Bedić Željka , Rajić Šikanjić Petra , Vodanović Marin , Domić Kunić Alka 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDento‐alveolar pathologies: caries, ante mortem tooth loss, abscesses, calculus, alveolar resorption and tooth wear were analysed in two composite skeletal series from Croatia's eastern Adriatic coast (Dalmatia). The first consists of 103 skeletons from seven Late Antique (3rd–6th century AD) sites, the second of 151 skeletons from three Early Medieval (7th–11th centuries AD) sites. As recent bioarhaeological studies (Šlaus,2008) showed a significant increase of disease loads and trauma frequencies in Dalmatia during the Early Medieval period, the aim of this study was to investigate whether dental health was equally adversely affected by the Late Antique/Early Medieval transition. The results of our analyses show that the frequencies of carious lesions, ante mortem tooth loss, abscesses and alveolar resorption increased significantly during the Early Medieval period, as did the degree of heavy occlusal wear on posterior teeth. These data suggest a change in alimentary habits, with a significantly higher dependence on carbohydrates and a greater reliance on hard, fibrous foods requiring vigorous mastication in the Early Medieval diet. The combination of higher calculus and lower caries rates in the Late Antique series similarly suggests more protein in the Late Antique diet and is, therefore, also consistent with the hypothesised change in alimentary habits. In general (the two exceptions are male caries and female alveolar resorption frequencies) lesion frequencies increased uniformly in both sexes suggesting that the deterioration of dental health during the Early Medieval period equally affected males and females. Cumulatively, the collected data suggest that the political, social, economic and religious changes that characterised the Late Antique/Early Medieval transition in Dalmatia resulted in a clear discontinuity, not only from the cultural, but also from the biological point of view with an evident deterioration of oral health during the Early Medieval period. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Early vaginal bleeding has no impact on markers used in first trimester aneuploidy screening
Authors: Spencer K. , Spencer C. E. , Stamatopoulou A. , Staboulidou I. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the impact of early vaginal bleeding on the levels of markers used in first trimester screening for aneuploidy.MethodsA retrospective analysis was carried out on the free beta human chorionic gonadotrophin (β‐hCG) and pregnancy associated plasma protein‐A (PAPP‐A) levels and nuchal translucency thickness in 49 653 women with a normal singleton fetus who had first trimester combined screening for Down Syndrome in three centres. Median MoMs and the distribution of log MoMs of the two markers were compared in two groups—7470 women who self‐reported vaginal bleeding and 42 183 women who reported no vaginal bleeding at any stage prior to the screening test.ResultsThe overall median MoM free β‐hCG and that in the bleeding and non‐bleeding group were 0.9854, 1.0012 and 0.9832, and for PAPP‐A were 1.0407, 1.0413 and 1.037. There was no significant difference between the bleeding and non‐bleeding group by median test (p = 0.080) or by t‐test comparing log MoMs (p = 0.1305) for free β‐hCG and for PAPP‐A with median test (p = 0.5071) or by t‐test comparing log MoMs (p = 0.1740). For delta nuchal translucency (NT) there was also no significant difference between the bleeding and non‐bleeding group (p = 0.055).ConclusionVaginal bleeding has little or no impact on first trimester marker levels and no correction is necessary. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.