bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep basin conductor characterization using machine learning-assisted magnetotelluric Bayesian inversion in the SW Barents Sea
Authors: Corseri Romain , Seillé Hoël , Faleide Jan Inge , Planke Sverre , Senger Kim , Abdelmalak Mohamed Mansour , Gelius Leiv Jacob , Mohn Geoffroy , Visser Gerhard 
Published: May 2024

SUMMARY
In this paper, we use a new workflow to substantiate the characterization of a prominent, deep sediment conductor in the hyperextended Bjørnøya Basin (SW Barents Sea) previously identified in smooth resistivity models from 3-D deterministic inversion of magnetotelluric data. In low-dimensionality environments like layered sedimentary basin, 1-D Bayesian inversion can be advantageous for a thorough exploration of the solution space, but the violation of the 1-D assumption has to be efficiently handled. The primary geological objectives of this work is therefore preceded by a secondary task: the application of a new machine learning approach for handling the 1-D violation assumption for 21 MT field stations in the Barents Sea. We find that a decision tree can adequately learn the relationship between MT dimensionality parameters and the 1-D–3-D residual response for a training set of synthetic models, mimicking typical resistivity structures of the SW Barents Sea. The machine learning model is then used to predict the dimensionality compensation error for MT signal periods ranging of 1–3000 s for 21 receivers located over the Bjørnøya Basin and Veslemøy High. After running 1-D Bayesian inversion, we generated a posterior resistivity distribution for an ensemble of 6000 1-D models fitting the compensated MT data for each 21 field stations. The proportion of 1-D models showing ρ &lt; 1 Ω·m is consistently beyond 80 per cent and systemically reaches a maximum of 100 per cent in the Early Aptian–Albian interval in the Bjørnøya Basin. In hyperextended basins of the SW Barents Sea, the dimensionality compensation workflow has permitted to refine the characterization of the deep basin conductor by leveraging the increased vertical resolution and optimal used of MT data. In comparison, the smooth 3-D deterministic models only poorly constrained depth and lateral extent of the basin anomaly. The highest probability of finding ρ &lt; 1 Ω·m is robustly assigned to the syn-tectonic Early Aptian–Albian marine shales, now buried at 6–8 km depth. Based on a theoretical two phase fluid-rock model, we show that the pore fluid of these marine shales must have a higher salinity than seawater to explain the anomaly ρ &lt; 1 Ω·m. Therefore, the primary pore fluid underwent mixing with a secondary brine during rifting. Using analogue rift systems in palaeomargins, we argue that two possible secondary brine reservoir may contribute to deep saline fluid circulation in the hyperextended basin: (1) Permian salt-derived fluid and, (2) mantle-reacted fluid from serpentinization.
Noise source localization using deep learning
Authors: Zhou Jie , Mi Binbin , Xia Jianghai , Zhang Hao , Liu Ya , Chen Xinhua , Guan Bo , Hong Yu , Ma Yulong 
Published: May 2024

SUMMARY
Ambient noise source localization is of great significance for estimating seismic noise source distribution, understanding source mechanisms and imaging subsurface structures. The commonly used methods for source localization, such as the matched field processing and the full-waveform inversion, are time-consuming and not applicable for time-lapse monitoring of the noise source distribution. We propose an efficient alternative of using deep learning for noise source localization. In the neural network, the input data are noise cross-correlation functions and the output are matrices containing the information of noise source distribution. It is assumed that the subsurface structure is a horizontally layered earth model and the model parameters are known. A wavefield superposition method is used to efficiently simulate ambient noise data with quantities of local noise sources labelled as training data sets. We use a weighted binary cross-entropy loss function to address the prediction inaccuracy caused by a sparse label matrix during training. The proposed deep learning framework is validated by synthetic tests and two field data examples. The successful applications to locate an anthropogenic noise source and a carbon dioxide degassing area demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed deep learning method for noise source localization, which has great potential for monitoring the changes of the noise source distribution in a survey area.
Morphology of the native ascending aorta after the Norwood procedure for aortic atresia: impact on survival and right ventricular dysfunction
Authors: Schaeffer Thibault , Heinisch Paul Philipp , Staehler Helena , Georgiev Stanimir , Röhlig Christoph , Hager Alfred , Ewert Peter , Hörer Jürgen , Ono Masamichi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Our goal was to evaluate the impact of variable morphology of the native ascending aorta after the Norwood I procedure in patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome/aortic atresia on long-term survival and systemic right ventricular dysfunction.

METHODS
Of 151 survivors of the Norwood procedure for hypoplastic left heart syndrome/aortic atresia at our institution between January 2001 and December 2020, we included patients with available and measurable aortograms prior to stage II palliation. The diameter of the native ascending aorta, the length of the native ascending aorta and the angle between the native ascending aorta and the proximal pulmonary artery were measured. We investigated the impact of these morphologic parameters on mortality and on right ventricular dysfunction (defined as at least moderate).

RESULTS
Angiograms were available for 78 patients. The median diameter of the native ascending aorta was 3.2 mm (2.6–3.7), the median length of the native ascending aorta was 15.4 mm (13.3–17.9) and the median angle between the native ascending aorta and the proximal pulmonary artery was 44° (35°–51°). During the median follow-up of 6.5 years, 8 (10%) patients died and systemic right ventricular dysfunction occurred in 19 patients (24%). No significant association between aortic morphology and mortality could be detected. Right ventricular function was negatively affected by a larger angle between the native ascending aorta and the proximal pulmonary artery [odds ratio 1.07 (1.01–1.14), P = 0.02].

CONCLUSIONS
In survivors of the Norwood procedure for hypoplastic left heart syndrome/aortic atresia with available angiograms, no significant association between native aortic morphology and mortality could be demonstrated after stage II palliation, within the scope of this limited study. A larger anastomosis angle between the native ascending aorta and the proximal pulmonary artery emerged as a risk factor for right ventricular dysfunction.
Multi-level and cross-domain search engine based on graph convolutional neural network
Authors: Li Qiang , Zhuang Li , Wang Qiulin , Zhang Xiaodong , Chen Jianghai 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
With the advent of the information age, there is a growing demand for multi-level cross-domain information retrieval by users. However, current technological solutions have not yet overcome the dilemma of automatic adjustment of search scope in cross-domain retrieval. This article proposes a multi-level cross-domain retrieval engine based on graph convolutional neural networks (GCNs). GCN can effectively capture the complex semantic structures in documents, excavate the potential dynamic context of documents by learning the relationships between nodes in the graph structure, adapt to cross-domain retrieval, extract semantic information from different levels and automatically adjust the search scope. To verify the effectiveness of the method, experiments were conducted on the NQ320k dataset and compared with SEAL, BM25, Transformer and Bert models. The results show that the cross-domain retrieval engine based on GCN has significant advantages over other methods, with Recall@100 reaching 97.44%, MRR@100 reaching 76.12% and R-Precision reaching 78.84%. In the future, the performance and applicability of the retrieval engine can be further improved by optimizing the model structure and expanding the training dataset.
Refining the CRiSPHe (checklist for reporting research using a simulated patient methodology in Health): a Delphi study
Authors: Park Joon Soo , Page Amy , Clifford Rhonda , Bond Christine , Seubert Liza 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives
A recent applicability study highlighted the need for the existing checklist for reporting research using a simulated patient methodology (CRiSP) to be clearer and user-friendly. The aim of this study was to update the checklist to address these concerns.

Methods
A fourth round of the Delphi consensus study, used in the original checklist development work, was conducted. Previous participants, who had expertise in SP methodology, were invited to complete a questionnaire including a list of 13 checklist items developed in the previous study and revised following applicability testing. Closed questions were analysed for frequency. Consensus was predefined as &gt;80% agreement. All items were discussed in a roundtable meeting and further modified as necessary. Responses to open questions were content analysed.

Key findings
Twenty-one authors participated. There was a statistical consensus in 12 out of 13 modified checklist items.

Conclusions
A final reporting checklist for studies in health research using SP methodology has been developed using a consensus approach. Further refinements may be needed to increase the generalizability of the checklist in different contexts.
Positioning among International Organizations: Shifting Centers of Gravity in Global Health Governance
Authors: Holzscheiter Anna , Bahr Thurid , Pantzerhielm Laura , Grandjean Martin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this paper, regime complexes are conceptualized as dynamic networks constituted by relations between international organizations (IOs). We introduce “IO positioning” as a conceptual lens for studying patterns and shifts in IO networks resulting from negotiations between IOs over their distinctiveness and social membership in complex organizational fields. We suggest that IO positioning has two constitutive effects. First, on the level of individual IOs, positioning affects IO identities within the field as these are (re)negotiated in relations with other organizations. Secondly, the positioning practices of IOs have constitutive effects on the contours of entire policy fields too; they form and shift the boundaries of regime complexes. Empirically, the paper examines the utility of our approach by analyzing the history, dynamics, and positioning effects of interorganizational relations between eight IOs in global health governance—an area of international cooperation that is commonly portrayed as exceptionally fragmented, complex, and densely populated. Examining relations between our eight IOs, we provide network analytical longitudinal data of in- and out-reporting by IOs derived from IOs’ annual reports between 1970 and 2017. We triangulate our network analysis with data derived from semi-structured interviews with health IO professionals.
Towards a Research Agenda for Geopolitical Tensions in HCI
Authors: Abdelnour Nocera José , Clemmensen Torkil , van Biljon Judy , Kroeze Jan H , Qin Xiangang , Parra-Agudelo Leonardo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
There are major geopolitical challenges for human-computer interaction (HCI): there may be little or no global HCI knowledge with a shared approach and identity; Western HCI theory and methods may not be adequate for regional or local models of education and practice; and the global organization of HCI research communities may be biased. This article explores geopolitical tensions in HCI research and practice fields. In particular, it offers an action-oriented framework to support systematic analysis and comparison of what HCI, as a field of knowledge and practice, is in different geopolitical contexts. We use activity theory combined with the knowledge mobilization framework to develop an actionable comparative analysis framework of geopolitical HCI challenges. The proposed framework is demonstrated by using it to analyse geopolitical HCI tensions in three case studies: the first one is focused on cultural and ideological issues surrounding the introduction of global HCI curricula in South Africa; the second one documents how local design practices in China are undermined by foreign narratives of the value of global HCI knowledge; and the third one offers an account of how global HCI could stimulate subversive local action in Colombia. The discussion takes up HCI tensions within and across countries, proposes a research agenda for geopolitical HCI research and presents theoretical contributions to activity theory and knowledge mobilization approaches. The conclusion answers research questions derived from the above challenges and summarizes how our framework and research agenda can be used to identify and assess geopolitical tensions in HCI ensuring diversity and pluralism in the field.
Enantiomeric profile of amphetamines in seized drug samples and in blood of impaired drivers in Iceland: The rise of (R)-methamphetamine?
Authors: Bauer Adam E , Jakobsdottir Margret R , Olafsdottir Kristin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Amphetamine (AMP) and methamphetamine (METH) use is increasing globally. Illegal AMP is generally a racemic mixture, whereas AMP-containing attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder drugs prescribed in Iceland consist of S-AMP. AMP is also a main metabolite of interest after METH intake. Distinguishing between legal and illegal AMP intake is vital in forensic toxicology. A chiral UPLC–MS-MS method was used to determine the enantiomeric profile of AMP and METH in circulation in Iceland by analysing blood samples from drivers suspected of driving under the influence of drugs (DUID) and seized drug samples from 2021 and 2022. All seized AMP samples (n = 48) were racemic, whereas all but one seized METH sample (n = 26) were enantiopure. Surprisingly, a large portion of the enantiopure METH samples was R-METH. DUID blood samples positive for AMP (n = 564) had a median blood concentration of 180 ng/mL (range 20–2770 ng/mL) and a median enantiomeric fraction (EFR) of 0.54 (range 0–0.73), whereas samples positive for METH (n = 236) had a median blood concentration of 185 ng/mL (range 20–2300 ng/mL) and a median EFR of 0.23 (range 0–1). The findings of this study show a significantly lower blood concentration in drivers with only S-AMP detected compared with when the R-isomer is also detected. No significant difference in blood concentration was detected between the sample groups containing S-METH, R-METH or both enantiomers. The occurrence of R-METH in both seized drug samples and DUID cases indicates a change in drug supply and a need for better scientific knowledge on R-METH abuse.
Comparative effectiveness of denosumab vs alendronate among postmenopausal women with osteoporosis
Authors: Curtis Jeffrey R , Arora Tarun , Liu Ye , Lin Tzu-Chieh , Spangler Leslie , Brunetti Vanessa C , Stad Robert Kees , McDermott Michele , Bradbury Brian D , Kim Min 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Although clinical trials have shown that denosumab significantly increases bone mineral density at key skeletal sites more than oral bisphosphonates, evidence is lacking from head-to-head randomized trials evaluating fracture outcomes. This retrospective cohort study uses administrative claims data from Medicare fee-for service beneficiaries to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of denosumab vs alendronate in reducing fracture risk among women with PMO in the US. Women with PMO ≥ 66 yr of age with no prior history of osteoporosis treatment, who initiated denosumab (n = 89 115) or alendronate (n = 389 536) from 2012 to 2018, were followed from treatment initiation until the first of a specific fracture outcome, treatment discontinuation or switch, end of study (December 31, 2019), or other censoring criteria. A doubly robust inverse-probability of treatment and censoring weighted function was used to estimate the risk ratio associated with the use of denosumab compared with alendronate for hip, nonvertebral (NV; includes hip, humerus, pelvis, radius/ulna, other femur), non-hip nonvertebral (NHNV), hospitalized vertebral (HV), and major osteoporotic (MOP; consisting of NV and HV) fractures. Overall, denosumab reduced the risk of MOP by 39%, hip by 36%, NV by 43%, NHNV by 50%, and HV fractures by 30% compared with alendronate. Denosumab reduced the risk of MOP fractures by 9% at year 1, 12% at year 2, 18% at year 3, and 31% at year 5. An increase in the magnitude of fracture risk reduction with increasing duration of exposure was also observed for other NV fracture outcomes. In this cohort of almost half-a-million treatment-naive women with PMO, we observed clinically significant reductions in the risk of MOP, hip, NV, NHNV, and HV fractures for patients on denosumab compared with alendronate. Patients who remained on denosumab for longer periods of time experienced greater reductions in fracture risk.
Human MuStem cells are competent to fuse with nonhuman primate myofibers in a clinically relevant transplantation context: A proof-of-concept study
Authors: Charrier Marine , Leroux Isabelle , Pichon Julien , Schleder Cindy , Larcher Thibaut , Hamel Antoine , Magot Armelle , Péréon Yann , Lamirault Guillaume , Tremblay Jacques P , Skuk Daniel , Rouger Karl 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We previously reported that human muscle-derived stem cells (hMuStem cells) contribute to tissue repair after local administration into injured skeletal muscle or infarcted heart in immunodeficient rodent models. However, extrapolation of these findings to a clinical context is problematic owing to the considerable differences often seen between in vivo findings in humans versus rodents. Therefore, we investigated whether the muscle regenerative behavior of hMuStem cells is maintained in a clinically relevant transplantation context. Human MuStem cells were intramuscularly administered by high-density microinjection matrices into nonhuman primates receiving tacrolimus-based immunosuppression thereby reproducing the protocol that has so far produced the best results in clinical trials of cell therapy in myopathies. Four and 9 weeks after administration, histological analysis of cell injection sites revealed large numbers of hMuStem cell-derived nuclei in all cases. Most graft-derived nuclei were distributed in small myofiber groups in which no signs of a specific immune response were observed. Importantly, hMuStem cells contributed to simian tissue repair by fusing mainly with host myofibers, demonstrating their capacity for myofiber regeneration in this model. Together, these findings obtained in a valid preclinical model provide new insights supporting the potential of hMuStem cells in future cell therapies for muscle diseases.
Stellar wind impact on early atmospheres around unmagnetized Earth-like planets
Authors: Canet Ada , Varela Jacobo , Gómez de Castro Ana I 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Stellar rotation at early ages plays a crucial role in the survival of primordial atmospheres around Earth-mass exoplanets. Earth-like planets orbiting fast-rotating stars may undergo complete photoevaporation within the first few hundred Myr driven by the enhanced stellar XUV [X-rays and extreme ultraviolet (EUV)] radiation, while planets orbiting slow-rotating stars are expected to experience difficulty in losing their primordial envelopes. Besides the action of stellar radiation, stellar winds induce additional erosion on these primordial atmospheres, altering their morphology, extent, and causing supplementary atmospheric losses. In this paper, we study the impact of activity-dependent stellar winds on primordial atmospheres to evaluate the extent to which the action of these winds can be significant in the whole planetary evolution at early evolutionary stages. We performed 3D magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) simulations of the interaction of photoevaporating atmospheres around unmagnetized Earth-mass planets in the time span between 50 and 500 Myr, analysing the joint evolution of stellar winds and atmospheres for both fast- and slow-rotating stars. Our results reveal substantial changes in the evolution of primordial atmospheres when influenced by fast-rotating stars, with a significant reduction in extent at early ages. In contrast, atmospheres embedded in the stellar winds from slow-rotating stars remain largely unaltered. The interaction of the magnetized stellar winds with the ionized upper atmospheres of these planets allows us to evaluate the formation and evolution of different MHD structures, such as double bow shocks and induced magnetospheres. This work will shed light on the first evolutionary stages of Earth-like exoplanets, which are of crucial relevance in terms of planet habitability.
GA-NIFS: JWST discovers an offset AGN 740 million years after the big bang
Authors: Übler Hannah , Maiolino Roberto , Pérez-González Pablo G , D’Eugenio Francesco , Perna Michele , Curti Mirko , Arribas Santiago , Bunker Andrew , Carniani Stefano , Charlot Stéphane , Rodríguez Del Pino Bruno , Baker William , Böker Torsten , Cresci Giovanni , Dunlop James , Grogin Norman A , Jones Gareth C , Kumari Nimisha , Lamperti Isabella , Laporte Nicolas , Marshall Madeline A , Mazzolari Giovanni , Parlanti Eleonora , Rawle Tim , Scholtz Jan , Venturi Giacomo , Witstok Joris 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
A surprising finding of recent studies is the large number of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) associated with moderately massive black holes ($\rm \log (M_\bullet /M_\odot)\sim 6-8$), in the first billion years after the big bang (z &gt; 5). In this context, a relevant finding has been the large fraction of candidate dual AGN, both at large separations (several kpc) and in close pairs (less than a kpc), likely in the process of merging. Frequent black hole merging may be a route for black hole growth in the early universe; however, previous findings are still tentative and indirect. We present JWST/NIRSpec-IFU observations of a galaxy at z = 7.15 in which we find evidence for a $\rm \log (M_\bullet /M_\odot)\sim 7.7$ accreting black hole, as traced by a broad component of H β emission, associated with the Broad Line Region (BLR) around the black hole. This BLR is offset by 620 pc in projection from the centroid of strong rest-frame optical emission, with a velocity offset of ∼40 km s–1. The latter region is also characterized by (narrow) nebular emission features typical of AGN, hence also likely hosting another accreting black hole, although obscured (Type 2, narrow-line AGN). We exclude that the offset BLR is associated with Supernovae or massive stars, and we interpret these results as two black holes in the process of merging. This finding may be relevant for estimates of the rate and properties of gravitational-wave signals from the early universe that will be detected by future observatories like LISA.