bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coalbed Methane: Current Evaluation Methods, Future Technical Challenges
Authors: Clarkson C. R. , Bustin R. M. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Coalbed methane (CBM) produced from subsurface coal deposits, has been produced commercially now for over 30 years in North America, and relatively recently in Australia, China and India. Historical challenges to predicting CBM well performance and long-term production have included: accurate estimation of gas-in-place (including quantification of in-situ adsorbed gas storage); estimation of initial fluid saturations (in saturated reservoirs) and mobile-water-in-place, estimation of the degree of under-saturation (undersaturated coals produce mainly water above desorption pressure); estimation of initial absolute permeability (system); selection of appropriate relative permeability curves; estimation of absolute permeability changes as a function of depletion; prediction of produced gas composition changes as a function of depletion; accounting for multi-layer behavior, and accurate prediction of cavity or hydraulic fracture properties. These challenges have primarily been a result of the unique reservoir properties of CBM. Much progress has been made in the past decade to evaluate fundamental properties of coal reservoirs, but there is still work to be done to obtain accurate estimates of some basic reservoir properties.
In recent years, horizontal wells and more complex well architectures and stimulation methodologies have been implemented to improve recovery of CBM. These more complex development options bring with them a new set of challenges for operators producing CBM. The exploitation of more geologically-complex coal with poorer reservoir quality will necessitate new and inventive ways to develop the existing natural gas resources and possibly combine this with new methods to extract energy from the coal in-situ. Development planning in these scenarios will become increasingly complex as will evaluation methods.
The purpose of the current work is to review the state-of-the-art in CBM reservoir property and stimulation efficiency evaluation and speculate on possible CBM development scenarios for the future and the technical challenges they will bring. Current and future work required to meet these challenges will be discussed in the hope that industry, academia, and government bodies alike will be proactive in the development of solutions that will make future CBM recovery efficient, economic, and environmentally friendly.
INFLUENCE OF CONSTITUTION OF HYBRID FERROCENYL ALKANETHIOLS SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS TO INTERFACIAL CHARACTERISTICS ON GOLD SURFACE
Authors: Huang Jhen-Gang , Lee Adam Shih-Yuan , Chu Shu-Fang , Lin Yun-Han , Lin Chii-Wann 
Published: February 2010

The interfacial characteristics of self-assembled monolayer (SAM), that are applied in miniaturized sensor design, were strongly influenced by the SAM constitution. The electrochemical and interfacial characteristics of hybrid SAMs that constituted with ferrocenyl octanethiol ( FcC 8 SH ) and unsubstituted octanethiol ( C 8) or 2-mercaptopyrimidine (2-MPD) were investigated in this study. The peaks of anodic oxidation were observed at around 0.49 V (vs. Ag/AgCl ) in the FcC 8 SH/C 8 hybrid SAM. However, the oxidation potentials descended from 0.42–0.38 V as the molar fraction of FcC 8 SH was decreased from 0.8–0.2 in the FcC 8 SH /2-MPD hybrid SAM. On the other hand, the interfacial hydrophilicity of FcC 8 SH /2-MPD hybrid SAM was measured to be higher than the FcC 8 SH/C 8 hybrid SAM due to the random arrangement of SAM caused by the shape of 2-MPD. Then, the surface roughness of hybrid SAM and chain length of ferrocenyl alkanethiols were all considered to be the parameters of interfacial characteristics. In summary, doping of 2-MPD in SAMs might reduce the rigidity of ferrocenyl alkanethiol SAMs and increase the interfacial hydrophilicity. This result will be useful in the development of the low power consumption portable bioanalytical system. And a miniaturized bioanalytical system based on ferrocenyl SAMs would be developed in the future.
Depleting Syndecan-4+ T Lymphocytes Using Toxin-Bearing Dendritic Cell-Associated Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan-Dependent Integrin Ligand: A New Opportunity for Treating Activated T Cell-Driven Disease
Authors: Akiyoshi Hideo , Chung Jin-Sung , Tomihari Mizuki , Cruz Ponciano D. , Ariizumi Kiyoshi 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Because syndecan-4 (SD-4) is expressed by some (but not all) T cells following activation and serves as the exclusive ligand of dendritic cell-associated heparan sulfate proteoglycan-dependent integrin ligand (DC-HIL), we envisioned the DC-HIL/SD-4 pathway to be a therapeutic target for conditions mediated by selectively activated T cells. We conjugated soluble DC-HIL receptor with the toxin saporin (SAP; DC-HIL-SAP) and showed it to bind activated (but not resting) T cells and become internalized by and deplete SD-4+ T cells. In hapten-sensitized mice, DC-HIL-SAP injected i.v. prior to hapten challenge led to markedly suppressed contact hypersensitivity responses that lasted 3 wk and were restricted to the hapten to which the mice were originally sensitized. Such suppression was not observed when DC-HIL-SAP was applied during sensitization. Moreover, the same infusion of DC-HIL-SAP produced almost complete disappearance of SD-4+ cells in haptenated skin and a 40% reduction of such cells within draining lymph nodes. Our results provide a strong rationale for exploring use of toxin-conjugated DC-HIL to treat activated T cell-driven disease in humans.
Differential Roles of Macrophages in Diverse Phases of Skin Repair
Authors: Lucas Tina , Waisman Ari , Ranjan Rajeev , Roes Jürgen , Krieg Thomas , Müller Werner , Roers Axel , Eming Sabine A. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Influx of macrophages plays a crucial role in tissue repair. However, the precise function of macrophages during the healing response has remained a subject of debate due to their functional dichotomy as effectors of both tissue injury and repair. We tested the hypothesis that macrophages recruited during the diverse phases of skin repair after mechanical injury exert specific functions to restore tissue integrity. For this purpose, we developed a mouse model that allows conditional depletion of macrophages during the sequential stages of the repair response. Depletion of macrophages restricted to the early stage of the repair response (inflammatory phase) significantly reduced the formation of vascularized granulation tissue, impaired epithelialization, and resulted in minimized scar formation. In contrast, depletion of macrophages restricted to the consecutive mid-stage of the repair response (phase of tissue formation) resulted in severe hemorrhage in the wound tissue. Under these conditions, transition into the subsequent phase of tissue maturation and wound closure did not occur. Finally, macrophage depletion restricted to the late stage of repair (phase of tissue maturation) did not significantly impact the outcome of the repair response. These results demonstrate that macrophages exert distinct functions during the diverse phases of skin repair, which are crucial to control the natural sequence of repair events.
Cytomegalovirus Infection Reduces Telomere Length of the Circulating T Cell Pool
Authors: van de Berg Pablo J. E. J. , Griffiths Stephen J. , Yong Si-La , Macaulay Richard , Bemelman Frederike J. , Jackson Sarah , Henson Sian M. , ten Berge Ineke J. M. , Akbar Arne N. , van Lier René A. W. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Short telomeres of circulating leukocytes are a risk factor for age-related diseases, such as atherosclerosis, but the exact mechanisms generating variations in telomere length are unknown. We hypothesized that induction of differentiated T cells during chronic CMV infection would affect T cell telomere length. To test this, we measured the amount of differentiated T cells and telomere length of lymphocytes during primary CMV infection as well as CMV-seropositive and -seronegative healthy individuals. After primary CMV infection, we observed an increase in highly differentiated cells that coincided with a steep drop in telomere length. Moreover, we found in a cohort of 159 healthy individuals that telomere shortening was more rapid in CMV-seropositive individuals and correlated with the amount of differentiated T cells in both CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells. Finally, we found that telomere length measured in blood leukocytes is correlated with lymphocyte telomere length. Thus, CMV infection induces a strong decrease in T cell telomere length, which can be explained by changes in the composition of the circulating lymphocyte pool.
Reactive Oxygen Species Level Defines Two Functionally Distinctive Stages of Inflammatory Dendritic Cell Development from Mouse Bone Marrow
Authors: Sheng Kuo-Ching , Pietersz Geoffrey A. , Tang Choon Kit , Ramsland Paul A. , Apostolopoulos Vasso 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in various physiological activities. However, their role in dendritic cell (DC) activation and generation has not been investigated. Using the bone marrow-derived GM-CSF–induced ex vivo DC model, we characterize how induction of ROS correlates with inflammatory DC functionality and expansion. We describe that the functionality of GM-CSF–induced DCs is distinct in two developmental stages. Whereas division of DC-committed hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) neared completion by day 6, the level of ROS soared after day 4. Day 3 ROSlo DCs were highly responsive to TLR stimuli such as LPS and zymosan by rapid upregulation of CD80, CD86, and MHC class II, in contrast to the low response of day 6 ROShi DCs. ROShi DCs could not initiate and sustain a significant level of NF-κB phosphorylation in response to LPS and zymosan, although demonstrating hyperactivation of p38 MAPK by LPS, in a fashion disparate to ROSlo DCs. ROSlo DCs stimulated a higher level of allogeneic and OVA-specific T cell proliferative responses, although ROShi DCs were much more proficient in processing OVA. In response to pathogenic stimuli, ROShi DCs also demonstrated rapid cellular adhesion and H2O2 release, indicating their role in immediate microbial targeting. Moreover, HPC expansion and DC generation were dependent on the surge of ROS in an NADPH oxidase-independent manner. These findings point to the potential role of cellular ROS in mediating functionality and development of DCs from HPCs during inflammation.
The nerve of osteoarthritis pain
Authors: Hochman Jacqueline R. , French Melissa R. , Bermingham Sarah L. , Hawker Gillian A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractObjectiveCumulative data suggest that central sensitization may contribute to pain in osteoarthritis (OA) and present with symptoms typically associated with neuropathic pain (NP). We evaluated the responses from focus group participants on the knee OA pain experience for pain descriptions that suggest NP.MethodsFocus group transcripts were analyzed by 2 independent assessors for unprompted use of pain descriptors that suggested NP. Items from validated NP symptom‐based questionnaires were used to guide the analysis. Data on sociodemographic factors, duration of knee OA, and OA disease and pain severity (using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index and a numerical rating scale) were obtained from questionnaires administered after focus group completion. These factors were compared among participants who did and did not use descriptors that suggested NP.ResultsTranscripts from 80 knee OA participants were analyzed. A range of NP descriptors was used to characterize their knee symptoms, including burning, tingling, numbness, and pins and needles. The proportion of participants who used NP descriptors was 0.34 (95% confidence interval 0.24–0.45). Those who used NP descriptors were younger (P = 0.003) and, although not statistically different, more likely to be women, with higher pain intensity and OA severity and longer OA duration, than those who did not use NP descriptors.ConclusionDuring focus groups, a subset of adults with chronic, symptomatic knee OA used pain quality descriptors that were suggestive of NP. Elicitation of NP descriptors in people with OA may help identify those who could benefit from further evaluation and perhaps treatment for NP.
Axillary node staging by ultrasonography and fine-needle aspiration cytology in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Baruah B P , Goyal A , Young P , Douglas-Jones A G , Mansel R E 
Published: February 2010

Abstract

Background
This study evaluated the role of axillary ultrasonography (AUS) and fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in preoperative staging of the axilla in patients with invasive breast cancer.

Methods
Between October 2006 and March 2009, 502 patients scheduled to undergo surgery for invasive breast cancer had preoperative AUS. All patients with suspicious nodes on ultrasonography underwent FNAC, and those with positive cytology proceeded directly to axillary node clearance. Patients with normal findings on AUS or negative cytology underwent sentinel node biopsy (SNB).

Results
A total of 137 (27·3 per cent) of 502 patients had axillary node metastases on final histology. Thirty-nine (28·5 per cent) node-positive patients were identified by AUS–FNAC and spared unnecessary SNB. AUS–FNAC had a sensitivity of 28·5 per cent and a specificity of 100 per cent for detecting axillary nodal metastases. AUS–FNAC findings were normal in all 15 patients with nodal micrometastases and in 11 patients with isolated tumour cells on histopathology. The sensitivity of AUS–FNAC had a positive correlation with invasive tumour size (odds ratio 1·03) and grade (odds ratio 2·80).

Conclusion
Preoperative AUS–FNAC avoided unnecessary SNB in 28·5 per cent of node-positive patients and in 7·8 per cent of patients overall.
Preventive role of PD‐1 on MPTP‐induced dopamine depletion in mice
Authors: Jung Hyo Won , Son Hye Young , Jin Guang‐Zhen , Park Yong‐Ki 
Published: February 2010

AbstractMany current studies of Parkinson's disease (PD) suggest that inflammation is involved in the neurodegenerative process. PD‐1, a traditional Korean medicine, used to treat various brain diseases in Korea. This study was designed to investigate the effect of PD‐1 extract in the Parkinson's model of 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) lesioned mice. The MPTP administration caused the dopamine neuron loss in the striatum and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), which was demonstrated by a depletion of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). In addition, a reduction of bcl‐2 expression with elevation of bax expression, caspase‐3 activation, and release of cytochrome c into cytosol in dopaminergic neurons of SNpc were noted. Oral administration of PD‐1 extract (50 and 100 mg kg−1) attenuated the MPTP‐induced depletion of TH proteins in the striatum and SNpc and prevented the apoptotic effects. These results indicate that PD‐1 extract is able to protect dopaminergic neurons from MPTP‐induced neuronal death, with important implications for the treatment of PD. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stent graft exclusion of a pseudoaneurysm in a Blalock‐Taussig shunt
Authors: Sanchez‐Recalde Angel , Garzón Gonzalo , Oliver José M. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis case is the first report of slow‐growing pseudoaneurysm after vessel dissection secondary to two stents implantation into classic Blalock Taussig shunt in a patient with pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect. Pseudoaneurysm was successfully excluded by a percutaneous approach with self‐expandable stent graft deployment from the aorta to the middle of the Blalock Taussig shunt. Nearly 3 years after the procedure, the classic BT is patent, and there were no restenosis or thrombosis in spite of the very long length of the stented segment. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Temporal Trends in the Use of Drug‐eluting Stents for Approved and Off‐label Indications: A Longitudinal Analysis of a Large Multicenter Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Registry
Authors: Gualano Sarah K. , Gurm Hitinder S. , Share David , Smith Dean , Aronow Herbert D. , LaLonde Thomas , Bates Eric R , Changezi Hameem , McNamara Richard , Moscucci Mauro 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackgroundWe sought to examine the temporal variations in the rate of both bare‐metal stent (BMS) and drug‐eluting stent (DES) use for off‐label indications after the reports of an increased risk of very late stent thrombosis in patients with DES at the 2006 meeting of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC).HypothesisTo determine whether the decrease in use of DES has affected both on and off‐label indications.MethodsThe study cohort included patients undergoing coronary intervention in a large regional registry, the Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan Cardiovascular Consortium (BMC2). Patient demographic and clinical characteristics for patients with DES in the third quarter of 2006 (pre‐ESC) were compared to those from the fourth quarter of 2008 (post‐guideline changes). Use of DES for off‐label indications, such as ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), in‐stent restenosis (ISR), and saphenous vein graft (SVG) interventions, were evaluated.ResultsThe overall deployment of DES fell sharply from 83% pre‐ESC to a plateau of 58% in the first quarter of 2008. This corresponded to a rise in BMS use, while angioplasty procedures stayed the same. The STEMI subgroup showed the most dramatic change, from 78% to only 36%. Off‐label use in SVGs showed a similar trend, from 74% to 43%. Drug‐eluting stent deployment for ISR was less affected, though it also fell 25% (from 79%–56%).ConclusionsThe use of DES has fallen dramatically from June 2006 to December 2008, particularly for nonapproved indications. Our study provides a real‐world assessment of contemporary change in DES use in response to the presentation of negative observational studies. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 9‐Oxo‐9H‐indeno[1,2‐b]pyrazine‐2,3‐dicarbonitrile Analogues as Potential Inhibitors of Deubiquitinating Enzymes
Authors: Colombo Matteo , Vallese Stefania , Peretto Ilaria , Jacq Xavier , Rain Jean‐Christophe , Colland Frédéric , Guedat Philippe 
Published: February 2010

AbstractHigh‐throughput screening highlighted 9‐oxo‐9H‐indeno[1,2‐b]pyrazine‐2,3‐dicarbonitrile (1) as an active inhibitor of ubiquitin‐specific proteases (USPs), a family of hydrolytic enzymes involved in the removal of ubiquitin from protein substrates. The chemical behavior of compound 1 was examined. Moreover, the synthesis and in vitro evaluation of new compounds, analogues of 1, led to the identification of potent and selective inhibitors of the deubiquitinating enzyme USP8.
Increase in post‐dialysis hemoglobin can be out of proportion and unrelated to ultrafiltration
Authors: Geller Ari B. , DeVita Maria V. , Marku‐Podvorica Jehona , Rosenstock Jordan L. , Panagopoulos Georgia , Michelis Michael F. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractOBJECTIVEThe objective of this study was to compare pre‐dialysis and post‐dialysis hemoglobin (Hgb) and ultrafiltration in hemodialysis patients. Factors influencing Hgb are not well understood.METHODSPre‐dialysis and post‐dialysis Hgb and weight were measured in 133 hemodialysis patients. Absolute and percentage change in Hgb (%ΔHgb) and percent change in body weight (%ΔBW) were determined for that treatment. Patients were divided into 2 groups, those with post‐dialysis Hgb < 13 g/dL (group 1) and those with post‐dialysis Hgb ≥13 g/dL (group 2); the differences in %ΔBW were compared between the 2 groups.RESULTSThe mean pre‐dialysis Hgb was 11.9 ± 1.4 g/dL, the mean post‐dialysis Hgb level was 12.8 ± 1.8 g/dL. The %ΔHgb was 3.9 ± 6.6 in group 1 and 10.8 ± 7.8 in group 2. The %ΔBW was 3.1 ± 1.4 in group 1 and 3.9 ± 1.7 in group 2 (p < .001 for all comparisons). We found that although both groups had a rise in Hgb level post‐dialysis, group 2 patients had a rise in %ΔHgb that was greater than the relatively small difference in %ΔBW between the 2 groups. In addition, we found only a modest correlation between %ΔBW and %ΔHgb in both groups. The r2 of 0.24 suggests that only 25% of the variability found in %ΔHgb can be related to %ΔBW.CONCLUSIONSPatients with post‐dialysis Hgb ≥13 g/dL had a greater increase in %ΔHgb that was out of proportion to %ΔBW. Factors other than %ΔBW may play a role in determining post‐dialysis Hgb.
A genetic variation in the fat mass‐ and obesity‐associated gene is associated with obesity and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes in a Chinese population
Authors: Li Xiangyang , Song Fangfang , Jiang Hong , Zhang Muxun , Lin Jie , Bao Wei , Yao Ping , Yang Xuefeng , Hao Liping , Liu Liegang 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackgroundRecently, a genome‐wide association study identified a strong association between the fat mass‐ and obesity‐associated rs9939609 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and the risk of obesity in European population. However, the results in Chinese population were reported to be contradictory. Therefore, our aim was to examine whether this SNP is associated with obesity and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Chinese population.MethodsWe genotyped rs9939609 in 2587 subjects [obesity 243, overweight 976, normal weight 1368 or newly diagnosed T2D 877, impaired glucose regulation 305, normal glucose tolerance (NGT) 1405] using an allelic discrimination assay‐by‐design TaqMan method on ABI7900HT. We analysed associations of the rs9939609 SNP with obesity and newly diagnosed T2D through Logistic regression analysis.ResultsIn obesity case–control study, we found that the A allele was strongly associated with obesity and overweight. The odds ratios for the allele A versus T were 1.447 for Obesity versus normal weight (95% CI 1.104–1.896, p = 0.007) and 1.363 for Overweight versus normal weight (95% CI 1.149–1.617, p < 0.0001). In T2D case–control study, the odds ratios for the allele A versus T were 1.305 for T2D versus NGT (95% CI 1.097–1.552, p = 0.003) and 1.280 for combined T2D and impaired glucose regulation (IGR) versus NGT (95% CI 1.089–1.503, p = 0.003). The associations of the A allele with T2D and combined T2D and IGR remained significant with adjustment for age, sex and body mass index (BMI).ConclusionThe fat mass‐ and obesity‐associated gene rs9939609 SNP is strongly associated with risk of obesity and newly diagnosed T2D in the Chinese population. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Caenorhabditis elegans: A new model organism for studies of axon regeneration
Authors: Ghosh‐Roy Anindya , Chisholm Andrew D. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAxonal regeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans was first reported five years ago. Individual green fluorescent protein‐labeled axons can be severed using laser microsurgery and their regrowth followed in vivo. Several neuron types display robust regrowth after injury, including motor and sensory neurons. The small size and transparency of C. elegans make possible large‐scale genetic and pharmacological screens for regeneration phenotypes. Developmental Dynamics 239:1460–1464, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.