bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Big Data Approaches for Novel Mechanistic Insights on Sleep and Circadian Rhythms: a Workshop Summary
Authors: Baizer Lawrence , Bures Regina , Nadkarni Girish , Reyes-Guzman Carolyn , Ladwa Sweta , Cade Brian , Westover M Brandon , Durmer Jeffrey , de Zambotti Massimilliano , Desai Manisha , Parekh Ankit , Si Bing , Fernandez-Mendoza Julio , Minor Kelton , Mazzotti Diego R , Lee Soomi , Katabi Dina , Kiss Orsolya , Spira Adam P , Morris Jonna , Seixas Azizi , Kioumourtzoglou Marianthi-Anna , Bridges John F P , Brown Marishka , Hale Lauren , Purcell Shaun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The National Center on Sleep Disorders Research (NCSDR) of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) hosted a two-day virtual workshop titled Big Data Approaches for Novel Mechanistic Insights on Disorders of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms on May 2nd and 3rd, 2024. The goals of this workshop were to establish a comprehensive understanding of the current state of sleep and circadian rhythms disorders research to identify opportunities to advance the field by using approaches based on artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML). The workshop showcased rapidly developing technologies for sensitive and comprehensive remote analysis of sleep and its disorders that can account for physiological, environmental and social influences, potentially leading to novel insights on long-term health consequences of sleep disorders and disparities of these health problems in specific populations.
Improving Compassionate Communication Through a Train-the-Trainer Model: Outcomes and Mechanisms for Transformation
Authors: Bintliff Amy V. , Levine Rebecca S. , Kaplan-Liss Evonne , Lantz-Gefroh Valeri 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Problem
Compassionate communication is an essential component of compassionate care and involves recognizing another person who needs compassion, relating to their suffering, and reacting verbally and/or nonverbally to their needs. Higher-quality compassionate communication facilitates positive patient-clinician relationships, which in turn lead to the development of trust, higher rates of adherence, and reduced health care costs. However, patients report that compassionate communication is lacking across many health care interactions. Research is needed to evaluate innovative educational programs that facilitate improved compassionate communication.

Approach
This report evaluates the Sanford Compassionate Communication Academy Fellowship at UC San Diego Health, a 60-hour arts and humanities fellowship that teaches compassionate communication to clinicians alongside artists using Kirkpatrick’s 4-level evaluation model. At the time of this analysis, 27 fellows participated in the fellowship, using improvisation and theater exercises, role-play, visual thinking strategy, narrative reflection, poetry, literature, and principles drawn from journalism to build personal skills and learn to facilitate a compassionate communication curriculum. This analysis of 30 hours of field notes and 30- to 40-minute interviews conducted from January 2022 to November 2023 was guided by transformative learning theory.

Outcomes
Five themes contributed to improved compassionate communication: empathic listening, pacing, checking for understanding, improved teaching and mentoring, and mechanisms for transformation. In interviews, fellows described how improving these various skills has positively transformed their communication with patients and students. Participants identified 6 innovative mechanisms for transformation: dedicated time and resources, reflective practice, environment of care and safety, arts and humanities integration, colearning between artists and clinicians, and the train-the-trainer model.

Next Steps
Next steps include conducting additional studies to evaluate the fellowship’s effect using mixed methods with added patient and student perspectives. In addition, training will be offered to other institutions, and different delivery modalities and durations of instruction will be compared.
Diagnostic Performance and Impact on Antimicrobial Treatment of a Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction in Critically Ill Patients With Pneumonia: A Multicenter Observational Study (The MORICUP-PCR Study: Morocco ICU Pneumonia-PCR study)
Authors: Aissaoui Younes , Derkaoui Ali , Hachimi Abdelhamid , Bouchama Ayoub , Dendane Tarek , Doumiri Mouhssine , ElAidaoui Karim , Ziadi Amra , Essafti Meryem , Oualili Latifa , Khaddouri Mehdi , Mroune Oumaima , Oudrhiri Safiani Mehdi , Khallouki Mohammed , Berdai Adnane , Boukatta Brahim , El Adib Ahmed Rhassane , Madani Naoufel , Soraa Nabila , Belhadj Ayoub , Kohen Jamal Eddine , Abouqal Redouane 
Published: February 2025

OBJECTIVES:
Managing severe pneumonia remains a challenge. Rapid diagnostic tests, such as multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR), facilitate quick microorganism identification and may enable timely and appropriate antimicrobial therapy. However, studies from low-income countries are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic characteristics of mPCR and its impact on antibiotic therapy and outcomes in critically ill patients with pneumonia.

DESIGN:
Multicenter observational study.

SETTING:
Twelve ICUs across Morocco.

PATIENTS:
Adult patients with pneumonia requiring invasive mechanical ventilation, including community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Respiratory samples were analyzed using both mPCR and conventional microbiological methods. The diagnostic performance of mPCR was evaluated, including its sensitivity and specificity. Additionally, the appropriateness of mPCR-induced modifications in empiric antibiotic therapy and their impact on patient outcomes were assessed. A total of 210 patients were included, with a median age of 50 years (range, 33–67 yr), of whom 66.2% were male. Pneumonia types were distributed as 30% CAP, 58% VAP, and 12% HAP. mPCR demonstrated a sensitivity of 96.9% (95% CI, 92.3–99.2%) and a specificity of 92% (95% CI, 91–93%). Following mPCR, antibiotic therapy modifications were observed in 58% of patients (n = 122), including de-escalation or cessation in 11% (n = 23), escalation in 26.5% (n = 56), adequacy adjustments in 7.5% (n = 16), and initiation of antibiotics in 13% (n = 27). The appropriateness of antibiotic therapy increased significantly from 38.7% (n = 83) to 67% (n = 141; difference, 27.5%; 95% CI, 18.3–36.7; p < 0.0001). Generalized mixed model analysis revealed that appropriate post-mPCR antibiotic therapy was associated with reduced mortality (adjusted odds ratio, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.15–0.93; p = 0.038).

CONCLUSIONS:
Our findings suggest that the use of mPCR is associated with a significant improvement in the appropriateness of empiric antibiotic therapy and is also associated with a positive impact on the outcome of patients with pneumonia.
Blood pressure phenotypes and day-night variability in acute ischemic stroke: is there any cardiovascular mortality link 10 years after?
Authors: Antza Christina , Kotsis Vasilios 
Published: February 2025

Objective:
Blood pressure (BP) phenotypes and day–night variability have been associated with acute ischemic stroke (AISTR). The aim of this study was to analyze the BP phenotypes and day–night variability during the first 3 days of an AISTR and their correlation with 10-year cardiovascular death (CVD).

Methods:
Eighty-five volunteers (49.9% men, 77.3 ± 6 years), diagnosed for AISTR, were included in the study. Twenty-four hour ABPM was performed during the first 3 days of AISTR symptoms. A follow-up visit was performed through phone call, 10 years after the AISTR event.

Results:
There is a reproducible nocturnal circadiac rhythm, with the nondipping status to be the most prevalent (89.3%, 89.2%, 88.3% for Days 1, 2, 3 accordingly, P > 0.05), compared to dipping status (P < 0.05), but not a reproducible BP phenotype, except the hypertensive one (50%, 45.8%, 51.6% for Days 1, 2 and 3 accordingly, P > 0.05). The mean follow-up was 509.6 ± 10 weeks. 37.1% had died (41.2% from MACE). Cox regression analysis revealed that age [odds ratio (OR):1.15, confidence interval (CI): 1.01–1.17, P < 0.05], sex (male, OR: 1.92, CI: 1.07–3.82, P < 0.05), diabetes mellitus (OR: 1.55, CI: 1.06–3.14, P < 0.05), early vascular ageing (OR: 2.01, CI: 1.19–3.74, P < 0.05), transient ischemic attack (OR: 2.32, CI: 1.02–5.34, P < 0.05), sustained hypertension (OR: 2.78, CI: 1.13–6.83, P < 0.05), day–night SBP ratio (OR: 0.98, CI: 0.96–0.99, P < 0.05) and day–night DBP ratio (OR: 0.96, CI: 0.94–0.99, P < 0.05) were significant predictors for CVD.

Conclusion:
Hence, patients with AISTR present a reproducible nocturnal circadian rhythm, but not a reproducible BP phenotype, except sustained hypertension. These parameters found also to be determinants for 10-year CVD.
Co-Occurrence of Traumatic Brain Injury and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in a National Sample of UK Police Officers: Impact on Social Well-Being and Employment Outcomes
Authors: Smith Nicholas I. J. , Hogarth Lee , Tonks James , Corrigan John D. , Gilmour Stan , Williams W. Huw 
Published: February 2025

Objective:
To determine the lifetime prevalence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in UK police officers and evaluate associations between mild TBI (mTBI), persistent post-concussion-like symptoms (PPCS), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (C-PTSD).

Setting:
Online survey of serving police officers across England, Scotland and Wales.

Participants:
A total of 617 currently serving police officers were eligible for the study and the final sample consisted of 573 participants. Subgroup comparisons were made between individuals with no TBI history (n = 355), a single mTBI (n = 88) and multiple mTBIs (n = 130).

Design:
Cross-sectional survey assessing lifetime history of TBI, PPCS and PTSD symptoms.

Main measures:
Lifetime TBI prevalence was assessed with the Ohio State TBI-Identification Method. Post-concussion-like symptoms were evaluated with the Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPQ) and PTSD/C-PTSD were measured using the International Trauma Questionnaire.

Results:
Lifetime prevalence of TBI was 38% (n = 234), with 23% reporting multiple TBIs. One-way ANOVAs demonstrated that individuals with multiple TBIs exhibited significantly greater cognitive (unadjusted R2 = .02, P = .001) and somatic symptoms (unadjusted R2 = .02, P < .001) and reported more severe total RPQ symptoms (unadjusted R2 = .02, P = .009) compared to those without mTBI history. Multiple TBI history was associated with increased severity across all PTSD/C-PTSD domains (P < .004), and a significantly higher C-PTSD prevalence (P = .001). These results remained significant in ANCOVAs, adjusting for demographic, occupational and trauma-exposure variables (P < .04).

Conclusions:
Comorbidity between TBI and C-PTSD is prevalent in this sample of police officers. Symptom endorsement is additive in those with mTBI history, this could lead to risk to employment, relationship breakdown, and further mental health problems. Routine occupational health checks should monitor both TBI and associated symptoms over time. If necessary, police officers with head or neck injuries should follow a graduated return-to-duty protocol, including a gradual increase in activity level and appropriate mental health intervention.
Deformable Biomechanics of DMEK Tissue Scrolls Traveling Through Narrow Lumens II: Double Scrolls Do Not Behave Like Single Scrolls
Authors: Kigin Matthew , Balk Evan , Revis Benjamin , Vigmostad Sarah , Sales Christopher 
Published: February 2025

Purpose:
To investigate and compare the dimensional characteristics of Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) scrolls in single-scroll and double-scroll conformations at various ages and velocities.

Methods:
DMEK tissues from three donor pairs (ages 47, 62, and 69) were used to compare single-scroll and double-scroll widths under different velocities. Tissues were randomized and manipulated into single-scroll or double-scroll conformation using a syringe pump connected to an hourglass-shaped glass tube. All scrolls were passed through the tube at three different velocities set by syringe pump settings, and high-speed videography at 2000 frames per second captured scroll dimensions. Scroll dimensions were measured using IDT Motion Studio software.

Results:
Single-scrolled DMEK tissue was narrower than double-scrolled tissue across all donor ages. Double-scrolled tissue width remained relatively unchanged regardless of age or velocity. Significant differences in scroll width between single and double scrolls were observed in the 47-year-old donor tissue at all velocities (P <0.001). Significant scroll width differences between single and double scrolls were observed in the 62-year-old donor tissue at medium and high velocities (P = 0.03 and P = 0.01, respectively). In the 69-year-old donor tissue, significant differences in scroll width between single and double scrolls were observed only at high velocities (P = 0.003). Single-scroll width decreased with increasing velocity for 47-year-old and 62-year-old donor tissues (P <0.001, P = 0.03), but not for the 69-year-old donor tissue (P = 1.0).

Conclusions:
There is a significant difference in scroll width between single-scrolled and double-scrolled tissues at high speeds. These differences become less significant as scrolls increase in age and velocity decreases.
Impact of a Multimodal Intervention to Improve Patient Identification in Health Care
Authors: Janeiro-Ochoa Eva , Huertas-Zurriaga Ariadna , Perpiñan-Grogues Marina , Mota-Rodríguez Yolanda , Martínez-Gómez Miguel Ángel , Castellà-Creus Mònica 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Patient identification is a key aspect to avoid risks and maintain patient safety.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a multimodal intervention on patient identification.

Methods:
A quasi-experimental pre-post study design was used. A multimodal intervention was implemented targeting nursing staff at 2 public Specialized Primary Care Centers. Data on the knowledge levels of nurses and nursing assistants, as well as the implementation of active patient identification, were collected.

Results:
The study included 27 health care professionals and 353 direct observations of patient active identification. Knowledge was assessed via a questionnaire, and active identification observations were conducted between March 2022 and December 2023. After the intervention, the correct performance rate improved to 100%, slightly decreasing to 82.3% over 21 months post-intervention. All evaluated knowledge items showed significant improvement post-intervention.

Conclusions:
The multimodal intervention significantly improved active identification knowledge and practice, enhancing patient safety.
Application of Handheld Augmented Reality in Nursing Education
Authors: Fu Shuojin , Niu Yirou , Kang Ruifu , Tong Ling , Wang Yanling , Xiao Qian , Xie Zheng 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Handheld augmented reality (HAR) offers a promising approach for nursing education, leveraging the affordability and portability of devices such as smartphones. However, its use in nursing education is still emerging, with many aspects yet to be fully explored.

Purpose:
To explore the application of HAR technology in nursing education.

Methods:
Thirteen databases were searched. The methodological framework of Arksey and O’Malley was adopted.

Results:
Forty-five studies were included in the review. Some studies applied theories to guide system development, implementation, and intervention process. Most studies focused on the availability, acceptance, learning experience, and effectiveness of HAR technology. However, despite its benefits, there were still technical, usability, and pedagogical challenges.

Conclusions:
HAR technology had been increasingly applied in nursing education, yielding positive outcomes. In the future, HAR can be developed and implemented within theoretical frameworks and guidelines, and combined with other technologies to better apply to nursing education.
Diagnostic value of median nerve cross-sectional area measured by ultrasonography for the severity of carpal tunnel syndrome: a machine learning-based approach
Authors: Azizi Fariborz , Mohammadi Babak , Ahmadi-Dastgerdi Mohammad , Esfandiari Neda 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective
This study was conducted to evaluate the diagnostic performance and to establish cutoff values of median nerve cross-sectional area for classifying the severity of carpal tunnel syndrome.

Design
The study dataset included 1069 wrists from 1034 patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (May 2017 to December 2022). A machine learning algorithm was used to predict carpal tunnel syndrome severity based on median nerve cross-sectional area, adjusting for sex, age, body mass index, and disease duration.

Results
The multivariable model showed a multi-class AUC of 0.753, and single-class AUCs of 0.733, 0.635, and 0.780 for mild, moderate, and severe syndrome, respectively. Optimal cross-sectional area cutoffs were identified as <14 mm2 for mild and > 16 mm2 for severe syndrome, with AUC values of 0.773 and 0.794, respectively. The model showed high sensitivity for mild and high specificity for severe syndrome but had a low performance for moderate carpal tunnel syndrome (AUC = 0.568).

Conclusion
Median nerve cross-sectional area is a valuable tool for diagnosing mild and severe carpal tunnel syndrome. While cross-sectional area provides limited accuracy for moderate carpal tunnel syndrome, it remains a useful adjunct to other diagnostic methods, potentially reducing the need for more invasive procedures.
Head Injuries and Correlates in Beach Soccer: Video-Based Analysis of Five Consecutive Seasons
Authors: Lima Yavuz , Yörük İhsan , Gouttebarge Vincent , Bayraktar Bülent 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective
This study evaluated the characteristics of head injuries in male beach soccer players via video footage.

Design
Video recordings of all official beach soccer tournaments played by European national male beach soccer teams from 2018 to 2022 (n = 516) were analyzed retrospectively. The main collected variables were the injury mechanism, bleeding, the injured player action, whether the injury led to time-loss, and whether there were any video signs of possible concussion in an injury case.

Results
A total of 214 head injuries were documented, corresponding to 68.3 injuries/1000 player hours. The injury mechanism was apparent in 202 injuries. Of these injuries, 15.3% had video signs of suspected concussion, and 9.9% led to time-loss. The most common mechanism was opponent contact (74.8%, n = 151) and the most common submechanism was head-to-head contact (23.8%, n = 36), followed by foot-to-head contact (23.2%, n = 35). A total of 38.1% (n = 77) injuries were related to heading. Injuries with video signs of suspected concussion were 44.53 times more likely to result in time loss.

Conclusion
The findings revealed that head injury in beach soccer is an urgent problem that should be addressed. The authors strongly recommend future studies that include clinical assessments to better understand head injuries in beach-soccer.
The effect of diaphragmatic breathing exercise with biofeedback on respiratory function in incomplete cervical spinal cord injury: A randomized-controlled study
Authors: Hasnakipour Soroush , Mosallanezhad Zahra , Rezaeian Tahere , Azadi Farhad , Noroozi Mehdi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of diaphragmatic breathing exercise with biofeedback on respiratory function in incomplete cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) patients.

Design
Forty SCI patients (mean age: 32.67 ± 5.08 years) were randomly entered into two groups including the control group (n = 20) and the intervention group (n = 20). Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1), Functional Vital Capacity (FVC), Maximum Voluntary Ventilation (MVV) tests were performed to measure pulmonary function and Nijmegen Questionnaire (NQ) was used to evaluate severity of respiratory dysfunction before, immediately after intervention, and one month after the intervention.

Results
The mean of pulmonary function tests in the intervention group was increased after the intervention (p < 0.001) and at one-month after intervention (p < 0.001).In addition, the control group indicated no change in these variables. The NQ score also decreased significantly in both groups (control group = p < 0.001, intervention group=, p < 0.001). The change of NQ score significantly differed between the groups (F = 4.67, p = 0.03); also, significant difference was observed after intervention (p < 0.001) and one month follow-up (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
The application of visual biofeedback during breathing exercise can improve pulmonary function and mechanism may make the NQ improve as a reflection of lowered dyspnea.
Neuroinflammation and immunometabolism in neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Lonkar Neha , Latz Eicke , McManus Róisín M. 
Published: February 2025

Purpose of review
Immunometabolism is an emerging field of research investigating the ability of immune cells to modulate their metabolic activity for optimal function. While this has been extensively examined in peripheral immune cells like macrophages, only recently have these studies been extended to assess the immunometabolic activity of microglia, the innate immune cells of the brain.

Recent findings
Microglia are highly metabolically flexible and can utilize different nutrients for their diverse functions. Like other immune cells, they undergo metabolic reprogramming on immune stimulation and in inflammatory, neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). In recent years, researchers have looked at the intricate mechanisms that modulate microglial activity and have uncovered key links between altered metabolism, neuroinflammation, and the involvement of disease-associated risk genes.

Summary
This review highlights the recent studies that have significantly contributed to our understanding of the metabolic dysregulation observed in activated microglia in conditions such as AD, unveiling novel targets for therapeutic intervention.