bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Pattern and Stages of Atrophy in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 2: Volumetrics from ENIGMA‐Ataxia
Authors: Robertson Jason W. , Adanyeguh Isaac , Bender Benjamin , Boesch Sylvia , Brunetti Arturo , Cocozza Sirio , Coutinho Léo , Deistung Andreas , Diciotti Stefano , Dogan Imis , Durr Alexandra , Fernandez‐Ruiz Juan , Göricke Sophia L. , Grisoli Marina , Han Shuo , Mariotti Caterina , Marzi Chiara , Mascalchi Mario , Mochel Fanny , Nachbauer Wolfgang , Nanetti Lorenzo , Nigri Anna , Ono Sergio E. , Onyike Chiadi U. , Prince Jerry L. , Reetz Kathrin , Romanzetti Sandro , Saccà Francesco , Synofzik Matthis , Teive Hélio A. Ghizoni , Thomopoulos Sophia I. , Thompson Paul M. , Timmann Dagmar , Ying Sarah H. , Harding Ian H. , Hernandez‐Castillo Carlos R. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundSpinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) is a rare, inherited neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive deterioration in both motor coordination and cognitive function. Atrophy of the cerebellum, brainstem, and spinal cord are core features of SCA2; however, the evolution and pattern of whole‐brain atrophy in SCA2 remain unclear.ObjectiveWe undertook a multisite, structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study to comprehensively characterize the neurodegeneration profile of SCA2.MethodsVoxel‐based morphometry analyses of 110 participants with SCA2 and 128 controls were undertaken to assess groupwise differences in whole‐brain volume. Correlations with clinical severity and genotype, and cross‐sectional profiling of atrophy patterns at different disease stages, were also performed.ResultsAtrophy in SCA2 versus controls was greatest (Cohen's d >2.5) in the cerebellar white matter (WM), middle cerebellar peduncle, pons, and corticospinal tract. Very large effects (d >1.5) were also evident in the superior cerebellar, inferior cerebellar, and cerebral peduncles. In the cerebellar gray matter (GM), large effects (d >0.8) were observed in areas related to both motor coordination and cognitive tasks. Strong correlations (|r| > 0.4) between volume and disease severity largely mirrored these groupwise outcomes. Stratification by disease severity exhibited a degeneration pattern beginning in the cerebellar and pontine WM in preclinical subjects; spreading to the cerebellar GM and cerebro‐cerebellar/corticospinal WM tracts; and then finally involving the thalamus, striatum, and cortex in severe stages.ConclusionThe magnitude and pattern of brain atrophy evolve over the course of SCA2, with widespread, nonuniform involvement across the brainstem, cerebellar tracts, and cerebellar cortex; and late involvement of the cerebral cortex and striatum. © 2025 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Ashitaba Chalcone 4‐Hydroxydericcin Promotes Glucagon‐Like Peptide‐1 Secretion and Prevents Postprandial Hyperglycemia in Mice
Authors: Odongo Kevin , Ishinaka Moe , Abe Ayane , Harada Naoki , Yamaji Ryoichi , Yamashita Yoko , Ashida Hitoshi 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTCertain polyphenols improve glucose tolerance by stimulating glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) secretion from intestinal L‐cells. Ashitaba chalcones, 4‐hydroxyderricin (4‐HD), and xanthoangelol (XAG) have antihyperglycemic effects, but their molecular mechanism, including whether they promote GLP‐1 secretion is unknown. This study investigates the 4‐HD‐induced GLP‐1 secretory mechanisms and its anti‐hyperglycemic effects. The secretory mechanisms were examined in STC‐1 cells and antihyperglycemic effects in male ICR mice. In STC‐1 cells, 4‐HD, but not XAG, stimulated GLP‐1 secretion through membrane depolarization and intracellular Ca2+ increase [Ca2+]i, via the L‐type Ca2+ channel (VGCC). Verapamil and nifedipine, blockers of VGCC, and treatment in Ca2+‐free buffer abolished 4‐HD effects on [Ca2+]i and GLP‐1 secretion. Moreover, 4‐HD activated CaMKII and ERK1/2. Consistently, oral 4‐HD suppressed postprandial hyperglycemia in mice and increased plasma GLP‐1 and insulin levels, GLUT4 translocation, and activation of LKB‐1 and Akt pathways in skeletal muscle. Furthermore, exendin 9–39, a GLP‐1R antagonist, and compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, completely canceled the 4‐HD‐caused anti‐hyperglycemic activities.4‐HD stimulated GLP‐1 secretion through membrane depolarization coupled with [Ca2+]i increase via VGCC in L‐cells and activated AMPK‐ and insulin‐induced GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscle. Thus, 4‐HD possesses dual mechanisms for the prevention of hyperglycemia.
Comparison of Two Questionnaires for Sleep‐Related Symptoms in Pediatric and Adult Patients With Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1
Authors: D'Ambrosio Eleonora Silvana , Rose Megan , Chagat Shannon , Paul Grace R. , Waldrop Megan A. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroduction/AimsSleep‐related symptoms in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) are often unrecognized. This study aimed to integrate two sleep questionnaires into an outpatient clinic for assessing sleep disturbances in DM1 patients, while also developing a pediatric version of one questionnaire.MethodsWe administered two sleep questionnaires to adult and pediatric patients with DM1: (1) the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), which assesses the likelihood of falling asleep under specific circumstances; and (2) the Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire‐10 (FOSQ‐10), which evaluates the impact of daytime sleepiness on activities of daily living. We also developed a pediatric version of the adult FOSQ‐10 and compared it to the pediatric ESS.ResultsAmong 28 DM1 patients, 27 completed the questionnaires. More than half (15 of 26, eight children and seven adults) had abnormal scores on either or both questionnaires. FOSQ‐10 scores tended to be more abnormal than ESS scores in pediatric patients. No significant correlations were found between questionnaire scores and CTG repeats, intellectual disability, age, or inheritance pattern. The pediatric FOSQ‐10 questionnaire showed a strong correlation with the pediatric ESS correlation coefficient −0.79 (p = 0.002).DiscussionThe integration of the ESS and the FOSQ‐10 allowed for a more comprehensive assessment of fatigue, a well‐documented symptom in DM1 and one that the ESS alone might not fully capture. Our findings highlight the importance of incorporating multiple tools to assess sleep‐related symptoms in DM1 patients.
Utilization of Catla catla Fish Scale for Eliminating Cr (III) and Co (II) Heavy Metals From Wastewater
Authors: Sultana Samiha , Maliat Nafisa , Khan Fahim , Paul Ankur , Tasnim Rukaiya , Jahan Nusrat 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis comprehensive research focuses on the prospective use of Catla catla fish scales as a bioadsorbent for removing heavy metals, particularly Cr (III) and Co (II), from wastewater and determining which metal ion is more likely to be removed efficiently. The study incorporates a rigorous methodology, wherein fish scales were obtained, cleaned, and prepared, including both acid‐treated and untreated variants. A range of salt solutions with varying concentrations of metal ions are utilized to evaluate adsorption efficiency, and the impact of factors like initial metal ion concentration, chemical treatment of adsorbent, and contact time are systematically examined using UV‐Vis spectrophotometry. It was found that the starting concentration of metal ions influenced the adsorption efficiency, with higher concentrations leading to a reduced adsorption capacity. The contact time also affected the adsorption efficiency, with longer durations resulting in increased metal removal until reaching equilibrium. Acid‐treated fish scales showed superior adsorption performance compared to the untreated ones. Characterization of the adsorbent is performed using advanced analytical techniques, including Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), revealing changes in structural and chemical properties post‐metal adsorption. The adsorption equilibrium data are mapped to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, with Langmuir being more suitable for cobalt adsorption and Freundlich for chromium adsorption. This research highlights the economical and long‐term potential of Catla catla fish scales as a natural biosorbent, thereby significantly contributing to the domains of water purification and heavy metal pollution extenuation.
Predicting Mesoscopic Larmor Frequency Shifts in White Matter With Diffusion MRI—A Monte Carlo Study in Axonal Phantoms
Authors: Sandgaard Anders Dyhr , Jespersen Sune Nørhøj 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTMagnetic susceptibility MRI offers potential insights into the chemical composition and microstructural organization of tissue. However, estimating magnetic susceptibility in white matter is challenging due to anisotropic subvoxel Larmor frequency shifts caused by axonal microstructure relative to the B0 field orientation. Recent biophysical models have analytically described how axonal microstructure influences the Larmor frequency shifts, relating these shifts to a mesoscopically averaged magnetic field that depends on the axons' fiber orientation distribution function (fODF), typically estimated using diffusion MRI. This study is aimed at validating the use of MRI to estimate mesoscopic magnetic fields and determining whether diffusion MRI can faithfully estimate the orientation dependence of the Larmor frequency shift in realistic axonal microstructure. To achieve this, we developed a framework for performing Monte Carlo simulations of MRI signals in mesoscopically sized white matter axon substrates segmented with electron microscopy. Our simulations demonstrated that with careful experimental design, it is feasible to estimate mesoscopic magnetic fields. Additionally, the fODF estimated by the standard model of diffusion in white matter could predict the orientation dependence of the mesoscopic Larmor frequency shift. We also found that incorporating the intra‐axonal axial kurtosis into the standard model could explain a significant amount of signal variance, thereby improving the estimation of the Larmor frequency shift. This factor should not be neglected when fitting the standard model.
Feasibility of a UTE Stack‐of‐Spirals Sequence for Biexponential T1ρ Mapping of Whole Knee Joint
Authors: de Moura Hector L. , Keerthivasan Mahesh B. , Zibetti Marcelo V. W. , Su Pan , Alaia Michael J. , Regatte Ravinder 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to develop and evaluate a novel magnetization‐prepared, ultra‐short echo time (UTE)‐capable, stack‐of‐spirals sequence (STFL) to quantify monoexponential and biexponential T1ρ maps of the whole knee joint, addressing limitations of existing MRI techniques in assessing bone‐patellar tendon‐bone (BPTB) donor site healing and graft remodeling after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR). Experiments were performed with agar‐gel model phantoms, seven healthy volunteers (four males, average age 31.4 years old), and five ACLR patients (three males, average age 28.2 years old). Compared with a conventional Cartesian turbo fast low angle shot (CTFL) sequence, the STFL sequence demonstrated an improved signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), increasing from 16.5 for CTFL to 21.7 for STFL. In ACLR patients, the STFL sequence accurately detected increased fractions of short T1ρ components within the ACL graft, rising from 0.15 to 0.38, compared with 0.11 to 0.18 with CTFL. Furthermore, the STFL sequence revealed significant decreases in the fraction of short T1ρ components in the patellar tendon of ACLR patients (from 0.6 to 0.47) compared with healthy controls, whereas no significant changes were observed with the CTFL sequence. These findings suggest that the STFL sequence holds promise for noninvasive assessment of BPTB donor site healing and graft maturation following ACLR.
Using Machine Learning to Understand and Manage the Transformation of Peer Donors to Organizational Donors
Authors: Hesse Laura 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPeer‐to‐peer fundraising has become a popular funding approach for nonprofit organizations, generating quick revenue and a promising opportunity for donor base expansion by transforming peer donors into organizational donors following their peer donation. This study uses survey data from 706 participants to examine peer donors' transformation likelihood and its determining factors. Additionally, it evaluates the capacity of machine learning to predict which peer donors are most likely to transform. The results reveal that, among peer donors who lack prior affiliation with the nonprofit organization, the transformation likelihood is 14.1%, indicating a transformation rate of approximately one in seven peer donors. Regarding the determining factors, post‐donation communication with peer donors after their initial donation increased the odds of transformation threefold, while established nonprofit‐related factors, such as trust in the organization, exhibit no influence. Moreover, applying the random forest approach allowed for the prediction of the transformation with an accuracy of 79% slightly outperforming logistic regression. This study assists in identifying the donors most likely to transform, enabling fundraising managers to allocate efforts effectively and maximize fundraising success.
Motivational Interviewing (MI) in Obesity Care: Cultivating Person‐Centered and Supportive Clinical Conversations to Reduce Stigma: A Narrative Review
Authors: Moizé Violeta , Graham Yitka , Salas Ximena Ramos , Balcells Mercè 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundPatients perceive high levels of weight prejudice, stigma, and discrimination within health systems, affecting their ability to manage their obesity and related chronic conditions. Scientific and patient obesity associations worldwide have prioritized the reduction of weight stigma to improve patient experiences in health systems and overall health outcomes. Since a significant proportion of the population is now living with multiple chronic diseases related to obesity, healthcare systems must shift toward multi‐disease management frameworks incorporating person‐centered and non‐stigmatizing clinical conversations. Motivational Interviewing (MI) has the potential to transform clinical interactions by using non‐stigmatizing language, communication, and practices. Studies using MI in obesity management have solely focused on weight loss outcomes, while other patient experience related outcomes would also be relevant to evaluate.MethodsA narrative review was undertaken to critically analyze the potential impact of MI on obesity and chronic disease management practices and experiences.FindingsAn analysis and contextualization of the MI theoretical framework for obesity management, based on the philosophy of motivational spirit, was reviewed, assessing micro skills or strategies.ConclusionMI may assist healthcare professionals conduct non‐stigmatizing clinical conversations in accordance with basic principles of collaborative therapeutic alliances. A proposal for research considerations that can help illuminate the potential for of MI in obesity management is also outlined.
Understanding contingency in wolf‐mediated livestock predation across a mosaic of land uses: An agent‐based modelling approach
Authors: Hawkinson Vivian F. , Schmitz Oswald J. , Ferraro Kristy M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

The return of grey wolves to multi‐use landscapes in North America and Europe raises concerns over accompanying risks of livestock predation. While local‐level risk factors have received attention, it is difficult to explore the role that landscape‐scale variables, such as landscape connectivity, play in driving livestock losses. Furthermore, it is unclear how changes in landscape structure might interact with livestock management practices. As wolf populations continue to grow, it is critical to understand how management of both land and livestock might be approached to reduce instances of livestock loss.

We developed a spatially explicit, agent‐based model designed to emulate hunting by a wolf pack within an agricultural‐wildland landscape matrix. We investigated the effects of three different livestock grazing practices—free‐roaming, pasture‐limited and seasonal grazing—on interactions between livestock, wolves and wild ungulates. For each grazing practice, we explored how varying connectivity and availability of managed wildlands affected these interactions.

Livestock predation rates were influenced by the size of wildlands and the degree to which these parcels were connected: increased wildland availability and connectivity led to reduced livestock losses, primarily due to greater wolf access to wild ungulates. Trends in livestock losses in relation to herd management and landscape composition were consistent and predictable on highly connected landscapes but broke down on landscapes experiencing a high degree of fragmentation.

The different grazing practices employed in our model had minimal impact on overall levels of livestock loss, but did shape where livestock predation occurred. In particular, most livestock deaths occurring under the seasonal grazing treatment occurred on wildlands, indicating the heightened risk involved in seasonal use of these spaces.

Synthesis and applications: Reducing risks of livestock predation on multi‐use landscapes is crucial to the economic persistence of livestock producers and continued grey wolf recovery across Europe and North America. Our analysis shows that livestock loss to wolf predation is influenced more by the size and connectivity of wildland habitat than by grazing practice, suggesting that landscape restoration and preservation may benefit livestock producers and recovering large predator populations alike by ensuring continued access to wild prey.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Rheological and Structural Properties of k‐Carrageenan/Xanthan Gum Gummies Architected With a New Natural Additive
Authors: Valencia German Ayala , Moraes Izabel Cristina Freitas , Leandro Gabriel Coelho , Hilliou Loic 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBiohybrids (BHs)based on bentonite and anthocyanins can be produced as alternatives to synthetic colorants. However, no information is available on the interaction of biohybrid with food system. This research studies the rheological properties of gummies containing k‐carrageenan and xanthan gum incorporated with a BH. The incorporation of BH (≤ 2% w/w) increased the flow consistency index and shear thinning effect in melted gummies at 85°C. During cooling from 90°C to 25°C, the presence of BH altered the sol–gel transition temperature typical in carrageenan systems, probably by the formation of carrageenan complexes. At 25°C, all gummies had a solid‐like response with elastic modulus (G') higher than viscous modulus (G"). G' values increased linearly with BH concentration, and the linear viscoelastic region and breaking strain decreased with BH concentration, indicating that this natural additive acted as a reinforcing material.
Tailoring the polyvinylidene fluoride phase structure in high permittivity MXene/polyvinylidene fluoride composite films via supercooling of the polymer melt
Authors: Nie Lirong , Fu Pengkun , Cai Kai , Deng Pingye , Bai Yang , Cai Chaochao , He Xiang , Song Huiqiao , Guo Dong 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn this study, we report a distinct phase tailorable solution cast polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)‐based composite films with transition metal carbides and nitride (MXene) fillers achieved by supercooling of the PVDF melt and their dielectric energy storage performance. An unusual thermal treatment temperature higher than the widely used Tm was used to realize supercooling. Phase structure analysis by using attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐IR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) indicated that a small amount of added MXene induced a considerable fraction (76%) of β‐phase PVDF and a 10‐fold increase in dielectric permittivity (100 Hz) due to filler induced crystallization and super confinement effect when a processing temperature around melting temperature (Tm) is used. Surprisingly, although chain packing and crystallization of the macromolecules occur below Tm, a higher processing temperature even induced a double polar (β + γ) phase PVDF as a consequence of supercooling and increased crystallization rate. Interestingly, a nonpolar α phase dominant structure was formed again when the processing temperature was 190°C. These findings indicate that the moderate fast crystallization facilitates the polar phase formation, which may be attributed to their higher intermolecular dipole interaction within the geometry confined by the 2D fillers. The results imply a simple way to tailor PVDF phase structure, offering insights into polymer polymorph formation.Highlights
A phase tailorable PVDF‐based composite film with MXene fillers was fabricated.
Phase structure of MXene/PVDF film was analyzed via ATR‐IR, XRD, and DSC.
MXene induced an increase in dielectric permittivity and high β‐phase in PVDF.
Thermal treatment at various temperatures tailored the phase structure of PVDF.
Recovery of silica from aluminum sulfate byproduct and its application as filler for rubber industry
Authors: Ashetu Tujuba Tamiru , Tiruneh Sintayehu Nibret 
Published: February 2025

AbstractResource recovery from byproducts of chemical manufacturing is essential for environmental sustainability promoting circular economy. In this study, amorphous precipitated silica, filter cake silica (FCS), from filter cake byproduct of Awash Melkassa Chemical Factory is prepared, and its potential as a rubber filler in the tire industry is explored. The filter cake byproduct is calcinated at 550 °C for 3 h, followed by extraction of FCS using acid leaching followed by sol–gel process. AAS, XRD, XRF, FTIR, SEM, and BET are employed to characterize the phase composition, chemical structure, morphology, and surface area of the prepared silica. Silica, FCS, with a purity of 92.5% is achieved and the curing and mechanical properties of unfilled, FCS‐filled, and commercial silica (COS)‐filled rubbers are analyzed. The FCS‐filled compound exhibits shorter curing time of 229 s and lower Mooney viscosity of 58.15 ± 0.42 M.U compared to the COS‐filled rubber compound. In addition, superior mechanical properties such as tensile strength of 19.52 ± 1.28 MPa was exhibited by the FCS‐filled rubber compound due to the finer particle size and high surface area of the filter cake silica compared to the COS filled rubber compound (17.94 ± 1.99 MPa) as well as the unfilled rubber. Therefore, recovery of silica from the byproduct filter cake offers a promising role as filler in the tire industry in addition to serving as a potential waste management solution for Awash Melkassa Chemical Factory and related industries.
Weltweite Vernetzung der Quantentechnologien: Quantenkommunikation via Satellit
Authors: Bongs Kai , Fuchs Christian , Laiho Kaisa , Moll Florian , Wölk Sabine , Zimmermann Matthias 
Published: February 2025

ZusammenfassungDie Quantenschlüsselverteilung ist eine der fortschrittlichsten Quantentechnologien. Entsprechende Komponenten sind kommerziell erhältlich. Ihr Einsatz auf Satelliten und in vielen Demonstrationsnetzen wird weltweit erprobt. Allerdings benötigen die bisher meist verwendeten Verfahren „vertrauenswürdige“ Zwischenstationen, etwa Satelliten. Weltweit arbeiten viele Forschungsgruppen daran, Verfahren mit globaler Reichweite zu entwickeln, die ohne diese speziellen und möglicherweise kompromittierbaren Zwischenstationen auskommen. Eine vielversprechende Lösung sind verschränkungsbasierte Quantennetzwerke via Satellit. Diese ermöglichen zudem die perspektivische Vernetzung von Quantentechnologien wie Quantencomputer, Quantenuhren und Quantensensoren. Das bietet ganz neue Funktionalitäten. Allerdings erfordern viele dieser Konzepte Quantenspeicher an Bord der Satelliten, die als Quantenrepeater fungieren.