bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
E-commerce: la oportunidad para el emprendimiento digital desde cero
Authors: Mendoza-Vargas Emma , Chávez-Rojas Eva , Escobar-Terán Harold 
Published: May 2024

Las nuevas formas de consumo unida al crecimiento de la población que navega en internet, una mayor seguridad de los sistemas de pago en línea y la amplia oferta de negocios que operan de forma online, ha ofrecido nuevas oportunidades para el e-commerce. Esto ha permitido a nuevos empresarios llevar su sueño a la realidad e incorporarse en ese tipo de entorno de compra y venta de bienes y servicios muy poco explorado por emprendedores pequeños. En los últimos años, los más aventajados en esta exploración quedan sorprendidos por las ventajas que ofrece el emprendimiento digital para comenzar desde cero un negocio. Debido a lo novedoso del tema, el presente artículo tiene como objetivo la descripción paso a paso de la creación de un negocio online, considerando las tendencias actuales del comercio electrónico y las estrategias digitales que se llevan a cabo. Para conseguir ese propósito, se parte de un enfoque cualitativo, basado en el método bibliográfico documental. Se concluye que las nuevas tendencias de los emprendimientos digitales están vinculadas a la personalización de sus productos, según los rasgos, deseos, características, intereses y necesidades de los consumidores. Los empresarios necesitan conocer constantemente cómo y por qué se van transformando las necesidades de los consumidores, y a partir de allí poder tomar las decisiones necesarias para determinar en qué productos o servicios conviene enfocarse, cómo diferenciarse con respecto a la competencia, cómo llegar a un público concreto, seleccionar los canales de comunicación para conectar con los clientes, y finalmente, desarrollar el plan de mercadotecnia.
Unveiling the means and motivations of defence modernisation in mid-power Eastern Europe
Authors: Kundu Shrabana 
Published: May 2024

Within the flux of contemporary global geopolitics, middle powers in Eastern Europe, exemplified by Czechia and Poland, have demonstrably prioritized defence modernisation. But is this enough to ensure their security in a volatile world? This paper delves into this critical question through a comparative analysis of their defence policies. By meticulously examining the historical evolution of these policies and their influence on current modernisation patterns, the study seeks to illuminate the motivations driving these efforts. Furthermore, a thorough comparison of Czechia and Poland's approaches will shed light on their challenges in achieving their desired security posture. This paper aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of regional security dynamics and the evolving role of mid- Poland sized powers in the contemporary geopolitical landscape.
PENERAPAN FUZZY C MEANS PADA NILAI NDVI LANDSAT 8 UNTUK KLASTERISASI KEHIJAUAN KELURAHAN DI KOTA BOGOR
Authors: Wicaksono Arif , Hernina Revi 
Published: May 2024

This study aims to cluster sub-districts (kelurahan) in Bogor Municipality based on greenness level. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values were processed from Landsat 8 OLI recorded on 24 May 2020, downloaded from United States Geological Survey (USGS) website. NDVI values greater than 0,3 indicate that vegetation pixels are separated from overall raster maps. These NDVI values over 0,3 were extracted based on each sub-district poligon within Bogor Municipality. For sub-districts with NDVI 0,3, the percentage of the area and NDVI mean values were generated using Geographic Information System (GIS). In order to cluster 68 sub-districts in Bogor Municipality, two variables of NDVI, namely area percentage and mean NDVI values, were processed using the Fuzzy C Means (FCM) method. Greenness level clustering using the FCM method shows 14 sub-districts in high class, 28 in medium class, and 26 in low cluster class. Overlay analysis among clusters shows two sub-districts (7.69%) in the low cluster class inside the medium class, one sub-district (3.57%) in the medium class within the low class, and one sub-district (7.14%) in the high cluster class inside the medium class. There are two main indications for an overlapping sub-district located in multiple clusters, namely the sub-district that has little different values with neighbouring cluster centres, and the sub-district that has similar different values with two cluster centres.
Deep learning-based automated high-accuracy location and identification of fresh vertebral compression fractures from spinal radiographs: a multicenter cohort study
Authors: Zhang Hao , Xu Ruixiang , Guo Xiang , Zhou Dan , Xu Tongshuai , Zhong Xin , Kong Meng , Zhang Zhimin , Wang Yan , Ma Xuexiao 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundDigital radiography (DR) is a common and widely available examination. However, spinal DR cannot detect bone marrow edema, therefore, determining vertebral compression fractures (VCFs), especially fresh VCFs, remains challenging for clinicians.MethodsWe trained, validated, and externally tested the deep residual network (DRN) model that automated the detection and identification of fresh VCFs from spinal DR images. A total of 1,747 participants from five institutions were enrolled in this study and divided into the training cohort, validation cohort and external test cohorts (YHDH and BMUH cohorts). We evaluated the performance of DRN model based on the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), feature attention maps, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. We compared it with five other deep learning models and validated and tested the model internally and externally and explored whether it remains highly accurate for an external test cohort. In addition, the influence of old VCFs on the performance of the DRN model was assessed.ResultsThe AUC was 0.99, 0.89, and 0.88 in the validation, YHDH, and BMUH cohorts, respectively, for the DRN model for detecting and discriminating fresh VCFs. The accuracies were 81.45% and 72.90%, sensitivities were 84.75% and 91.43%, and specificities were 80.25% and 63.89% in the YHDH and BMUH cohorts, respectively. The DRN model generated correct activation on the fresh VCFs and accurate peak responses on the area of the target vertebral body parts and demonstrated better feature representation learning and classification performance. The AUC was 0.90 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.84–0.95) and 0.84 (95% CI 0.72–0.93) in the non-old VCFs and old VCFs groups, respectively, in the YHDH cohort (p = 0.067). The AUC was 0.89 (95% CI 0.84–0.94) and 0.85 (95% CI 0.72–0.95) in the non-old VCFs and old VCFs groups, respectively, in the BMUH cohort (p = 0.051).ConclusionIn present study, we developed the DRN model for automated diagnosis and identification of fresh VCFs from spinal DR images. The DRN model can provide interpretable attention maps to support the excellent prediction results, which is the key that most clinicians care about when using the model to assist decision-making.
Examining the ability of palm kernel shell extract to control corrosion and assess its economic value on thermo-mechanically treated steel in artificial seawater: a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach
Authors: Sanni Omotayo , Ren Jianwei , Jen Tien-Chien 
Published: May 2024

Each year, the rising demand for palm oil generates large amounts of palm kernel shell waste. Discarded palm kernel shells can produce activated carbon, crushed shells, liquified fumes, and other derivatives; however, their indiscriminate disposal persists, raising issues related to the environment and economy. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the use of palm kernel shell as a corrosion inhibitor for thermo-mechanically treated steel in a seawater environment using gravimetric and electrochemical techniques, as well as surface tests at varying concentrations. The findings demonstrated that the palm kernel shell inhibited the cathodic and anodic processes by adsorption on the steel surface, which followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The inhibitor exhibited a 98% inhibitory efficiency at 500 ppm concentration. Scanning electron microscopy analysis verified the thin films of the inhibitor on steel surface in seawater solution. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results show that the extract’s components prevent the steel corrosion through an adsorptive mechanism. According to the inhibitor economic evaluation, employing the palm kernel shell extract is less expensive than utilizing conventional inhibitors.
YouTube for young children: what are infants and toddlers watching on the most popular video-sharing app?
Authors: Henderson Dahlia , Bailes Talia , Sturza Julie , Robb Michael B. , Radesky Jenny S. , Munzer Tiffany G. 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundInfants and toddlers engage with digital media about 1–3 h per day with a growing proportion of time spent on YouTube.AimExamined content of YouTube videos viewed by children 0–35.9 months of age and predictors of YouTube content characteristics.MethodsWe completed a secondary analysis of data from the 2020 Common Sense “YouTube and Kids” study. Parents were surveyed about demographics and YouTube viewing history. We developed a novel coding scheme to characterize educational quality and comprehension-aiding approaches (i.e., labels, pacing) in 426 videos watched by 47 children. Videos were previously coded for violence and consumerism. Bivariate analyses compared video-level predictors of higher quality educational content. Multivariable analyses examined child and family predictors of YouTube video content, adjusted for FDR.ResultsOnly 19% of videos were age-appropriate, 27% were slow paced, 27% included physical violence, and 48% included consumerism. The game genre was associated with faster pace, more physical violence, more scariness, and more consumerism vs. all other videos. The informational genre was associated with more learning goals, slower pace, and less physical violence vs. all other videos. Child age 0–11.9 months vs. 24–35.9 months was associated with more age-inappropriate and violent content.ConclusionPhysical violence and consumerism were prevalent among YouTube videos viewed by this sample, with infants being exposed to more age-inappropriate and violent content compared with toddlers. Caregivers may wish to select videos in the informational genre which tended to include more high-quality indicators and avoid gaming videos and monitor young infant video content.
Comparison of adrenalectomy with conservative treatment on mild autonomous cortisol secretion: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Khadembashiri Mohamad Mehdi , Mohseni Shahrzad , Harandi Hamid , Pejman Sani Mahnaz , Khadembashiri Mohamad Amin , Atlasi Rasha , SeyedAlinaghi SeyedAhmad , Mohajeri- Tehrani Mohammadreza , Larijani Bagher 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveThis systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to compare the benefits of adrenalectomy and conservative treatment for comorbidities associated with mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS) in patients diagnosed with MACS.BackgroundMACS is the most common benign hormone-secreting functional adrenal incidentaloma. Overproduction of cortisol is observed in MACS patients, resulting in a variety of long-term health issues, including arterial hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM), dyslipidemia, obesity, and osteoporosis; however, the classic clinical manifestations of Cushing’s syndrome (CS) are not present.MethodsA systematic search was conducted using MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Sciences, and Scopus databases on December, 2023. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed the quality of the included articles. A meta-analysis was performed to compare the beneficial effects of adrenalectomy versus conservative management for MACS-related comorbidities.ResultsFifteen articles were included in this study, which evaluated 933 MACS patients (384 Adrenalectomy and 501 Conservative treatment, and 48 excluded due to incomplete follow-up duration). MACS diagnosis criteria were different among the included articles. All studies, however, stated that there must be no overt CS symptoms. Meta-analysis demonstrates the overall advantage of adrenalectomy over conservative treatment for MACS-related comorbidities (Cohen’s d = -0.49, 95% CI [-0.64, -0.34], p = 0.00). Subgroup analysis indicated that the systolic blood pressure (pooled effect size = -0.81, 95% CI [-1.19, -0.42], p = 0.03), diastolic blood pressure (pooled effect size = -0.63, 95% CI [-1.05, -0.21], p = 0.01), and BMD (pooled effect size = -0.40, 95% CI [-0.73, -0.07], p = 0.02) were significantly in favor of adrenalectomy group rather than conservative treatment but no significant differences between the two treatment groups in other MACS-related comorbidities were reported.ConclusionDespite the limited and diverse data, this study demonstrates the advantage of adrenalectomy over conservative treatment for MACS-related comorbidities.
Different roles of circulating and intramuscular GDF15 as markers of skeletal muscle health
Authors: Chiariello Antonio , Conte Giuseppe , Rossetti Luca , Trofarello Lorenzo , Salvioli Stefano , Conte Maria 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionGrowth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15) is a mitokine expressed in response to various stresses whose circulating levels increase with age and are associated with numerous pathological conditions, including muscle wasting and sarcopenia. However, the use of circulating GDF15 (c-GDF15) as a biomarker of sarcopenia is still debated. Moreover, the role of GDF15 intracellular precursor, pro-GDF15, in human skeletal muscle (SM-GDF15) is not totally understood. In order to clarify these points, the association of both forms of GDF15 with parameters of muscle strength, body composition, metabolism and inflammation was investigated.Methodsthe levels of c-GDF15 and SM-GDF15 were evaluated in plasma and muscle biopsies, respectively, of healthy subjects (HS) and patients with lower limb mobility impairment (LLMI), either young (&lt;40 years-old) or old (&gt;70 years-old). Other parameters included in the analysis were Isometric Quadriceps Strength (IQS), BMI, lean and fat mass percentage, Vastus lateralis thickness, as well as circulating levels of Adiponectin, Leptin, Resistin, IGF-1, Insulin, IL6, IL15 and c-PLIN2. Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Canonical Discriminant Analysis (CDA) and Receiving Operating Characteristics (ROC) analysis were performed.Resultsc-GDF15 but not SM-GDF15 levels resulted associated with decreased IQS and IGF-1 levels in both HS and LLMI, while only in LLMI associated with increased levels of Resistin. Moreover, in LLMI both c-GDF15 and SM-GDF15 levels were associated with IL-6 levels, but interestingly SM-GDF15 is lower in LLMI with respect to HS. Furthermore, a discrimination of the four groups of subjects based on these parameters was possible with PCA and CDA. In particular HS, LLMI over 70 years or under 40 years of age were discriminated based on SM-GDF15, c-GDF15 and Insulin levels, respectively.Conclusionour data support the idea that c-GDF15 level could be used as a biomarker of decreased muscle mass and strength. Moreover, it is suggested that c-GDF15 has a different diagnostic significance with respect to SM-GDF15, which is likely linked to a healthy and active state.
Technical, economic, and environmental feasibility assessment of solar-battery-generator hybrid energy systems: a case study in Nigeria
Authors: Ijeoma Muzan Williams , Lewis Christopher Garrett , Chen Hao , Chukwu Benjamin Nnamdi , Carbajales-Dale Michael 
Published: May 2024

Supermarkets in Nigeria rely on diesel generators for electricity due to the unreliability of the national grid. The recent removal of petroleum subsidies in 2023 has increased fuel prices by 60%. This research examines the technical, economic, and environmental viability of employing solar PV/battery storage/generator systems to generate electricity for high-load supermarkets. The case study was conducted in the Market Square (MS) supermarket in Port Harcourt (PH) city, Nigeria. The MS supermarket had a load demand of 59.8 kW/day for an energy audit in 2022. The average solar radiation and temperature for PH city were 4.21 kWh/m2 and 25.3°C, respectively. The hybrid system was simulated with the HOMER Pro software. The simulation revealed that the optimum baseline (BL) system for the present price of a liter of diesel in Nigeria ($0.63 USD/L) was a solar PV/Battery/Generator. The optimal BL system produced 401,599 kWh/year, which was more than adequate to cover the yearly load requirement of 204,765 kWh/year and left a surplus of 173,195 kWh/year. The BL system had a levelized cost of electricity of $0.106 USD/kWh, a net present cost of $232,533, and Operation and Maintenance cost of $7,928. When the overall environmental impact of the optimal BL system was assessed, it contributed 10,935 kg CO2-eq/year of global warming potential, 1,611 kg O3-eq/year of smog formation, and 72.2 kg SO2-eq/year of acidification potential to the environment. Sensitivity analysis shows that the BL system could have a net present value of $710,364, a 38% internal rate of return, and a 2-year simple payback period over a 25-year life if the excess energy is sold to the grid. Also, LCOE increases with fuel price or discount rate increase, while CO2 falls as all renewable hybrid system configurations become more advantageous. The potential reduction in CO2 emission in the proposed system highlights the environmental benefits compared to traditional ones. This finding will guide decisions on adopting hybrid energy solutions for supermarkets in Nigeria. This analysis offers crucial insights for energy sector decision-makers seeking to balance reliability, cost-effectiveness, and environmental sustainability in a volatile market.
Genetic evidence reveals a causal relationship between rheumatoid arthritis and interstitial lung disease
Authors: Zhao Rong , Zhang Yi-Wen , Guo Jin-Cheng , Qiao Jun , Song Shan , Zhang Ting-Ting , Zhang He-Yi , Zhang Sheng-Xiao 
Published: May 2024

Background/purpose: Previous epidemiological studies have associated interstitial lung disease (ILD) with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), yet the causality of this relationship remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the genetic causal link between ILD and RA.Methods: Genome-wide association study (GWAS) statistics for ILD and RA were collected from public datasets. Relevant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected by executing quality control steps from the GWAS summary results. A two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed to assess the causal relationship between the two conditions. The MR analysis primarily used the inverse variance weighting (IVW), weighted median (WM), and MR-Egger regression methods. Sensitivity analyses, including MR-Egger, leave-one-out, and MR Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO), were conducted to evaluate the heterogeneity and pleiotropy. Replication analyses using Asian datasets were also conducted to enhance the robustness of our findings.Results: In the European population, RA was found to increase the risk of ILD by 9.6% (OR: 1.096, 95% CI: 1.023–1.174, p = 0.009). Conversely, ILD was associated with a 12.8% increased risk of RA (OR: 1.128, 95% CI: 1.013–1.256, p = 0.029). Replication analyses from Asian GWAS further supported these findings, particularly the increased risk of ILD attributable to RA (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.18–1.49, p-value &lt;0.001).Conclusion: Our findings underscore the clinical importance of screening for ILD in RA patients and suggest that effective management of RA could significantly benefit ILD patients. The potential applicability of novel RA treatments to ILD warrants further exploration. Additionally, racial disparities in the manifestation of these diseases should not be overlooked, as they may offer new perspectives for targeted therapies in diverse populations.
Real-world insights on nutritional awareness and behaviors among preconception and pregnant women in three Asia Pacific countries
Authors: Furness Denise , Huynh Nguyen Khanh Trang , Kaufmann Ligaya , Liu Jue , Nguyen Thi Bich Ngoc , Schaefer Ella , Tan Lucy , Yau Ching Danica , Yu Qi 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionIn many parts of Asia Pacific (APAC), insufficient intake of micronutrients that are important for conception and pregnancy remains a prevalent issue among women of reproductive age. It is crucial to gain insights into women's nutritional awareness and nutrition-related behaviors, as well as how these relate to their health literacy (HL). This understanding can help identify gaps and guide the development of appropriate intervention strategies. However, there appears to be limited relevant data available for the APAC region. We therefore examined nutritional awareness and behaviors among preconception and pregnant women in three APAC countries, and explored how these were related to women's HL.MethodsCross-sectional online surveys were conducted among preconception (i.e., planning to conceive within the next 12 months or currently trying to conceive) and pregnant women in Australia (N = 624), China (N = 600), and Vietnam (N = 300). The survey questionnaire included a validated tool for HL (Newest Vital Sign) and questions to examine awareness and behaviors relating to healthy eating and prenatal supplementation during preconception and pregnancy.ResultsDespite recommendations for a quality diet complemented by appropriate supplementation during preconception and pregnancy, many respondents in each country were not aware of the specific impact of adequate nutrition during these stages. While many respondents reported changes in their diet to eat more healthily during preconception and pregnancy, a substantial proportion were not taking prenatal supplements. Higher HL was related to greater nutritional awareness and higher use of prenatal supplements.DiscussionOur findings suggest that there are gaps in nutritional awareness and practices of many preconception or pregnant women in the three countries. Interventions to improve HL would be valuable to complement conventional knowledge-centric nutrition education, and enhance understanding and empower women to adopt appropriate nutritional practices throughout their preconception/pregnancy journey.