bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liquid–air partition coefficients of 1,1‐difluoroethane (HFC152a), 1,1,1‐trifluoroethane (HFC143a), 1,1,1,2‐tetrafluoroethane (HFC134a), 1,1,1,2,2‐pentafluoroethane (HFC125) and 1,1,1,3,3‐pentafluoropropane (HFC245fa)
Authors: Ernstgård Lena , Lind Birger , Andersen Melvin E. , Johanson Gunnar 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBlood–air and tissue–blood coefficients (λ) are essential to characterize the uptake and disposition of volatile substances, e.g. by physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling. Highly volatile chemicals, including many hydrofluorocarbons (HFC) have low solubility in liquid media. These characteristics pose challenges for determining λ values. A modified head‐space vial equilibrium method was used to determine λ values for five widely used HFCs. The method is based on automated head‐space gas chromatography and injection of equal amount of chemical in two head‐space vials with identical air phase volumes but different volumes of the liquid phase. The liquids used were water (physiological saline), fresh human blood, and olive oil. The average λ values (n = 8) were as follows: 1,1‐difluoroethane (HFC152a) – 1.08 (blood–air), 1.11 (water–air) and 5.6 (oil–air); 1,1,1‐trifluoroethane (HFC143a) – 0.15, 0.15 and 1.90; 1,1,1,2‐tetrafluoroethane (HFC134a) – 0.36, 0.35 and 3.5; 1,1,1,2,2‐pentafluoroethane (HFC125) – 0.083, 0.074 and 1.71; and 1,1,1,3,3‐pentafluoropropane (HFC245fa) – 0.62, 0.58 and 12.1. The λ values appeared to be concentration‐independent in the investigated range (2–200 ppm). In spite of the low λ values, the method errors were modest, with coefficients of variation of 9, 11 and 10% for water, blood and oil, respectively. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biomimetic PEG hydrogels crosslinked with minimal plasmin‐sensitive tri‐amino acid peptides
Authors: Jo Yun Suk , Rizzi Simone C. , Ehrbar Martin , Weber Franz E. , Hubbell Jeffrey A. , Lutolf Matthias P. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractSemi‐synthetic, proteolytically degradable polymer hydrogels have proven effective as scaffolds to augment bone and skin regeneration in animals. However, high costs due to expensive peptide building blocks pose a significant hurdle towards broad clinical usage of these materials. Here we demonstrate that tri‐amino acid peptides bearing lysine (or arginine), flanked by two cysteine residues for crosslinking, are adequate as minimal plasmin‐sensitive peptides in poly(ethylene glycol)‐based hydrogels formed via Michael‐type addition. Substitution of lysine (or arginine) with serine rendered the matrices insensitive to the action of plasmin. This was demonstrated in vitro by performing gel degradation experiments in the presence of plasmin (0.1 U/mL), and in the in vivo situation of regeneration of critical‐sized bone defects. When placed as implants into rat calvaria, gels formed from the minimal plasmin substrates showed clear signs of cell infiltration and gel remodeling that coincided with extensive bone formation. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Peroxotitanates for biodelivery of metals
Authors: Wataha John C. , Hobbs David T. , Lockwood Petra E. , Davis Ryan R. , Elvington Mark C. , Lewis Jill B. , Messer Regina L. W. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractMetal‐based drugs are largely undeveloped in pharmacology. One limiting factor is the systemic toxicity of metal‐based compounds. A solid‐phase, sequestratable delivery agent for local delivery of metals could reduce systemic toxicity, facilitating new drug development in this nascent area. Amorphous peroxotitanates (APT) are ion‐exchange materials with high affinity for several heavy metal ions and have been proposed to deliver or sequester metal ions in biological contexts. In the current study, we tested a hypothesis that APTs are able to deliver metals or metal compounds to cells. We exposed fibroblasts (L929) or monocytes (THP1) to metal‐APT materials for 72 h in vitro and then measured cellular mitochondrial activity (SDH‐MTT method) to assess the biological impact of the metal‐APT materials versus metals or APT alone. APT alone did not significantly affect cellular mitochondrial activity, but all metal‐APT materials suppressed the mitochondrial activity of fibroblasts (by 30–65% of controls). The concentration of metal‐APT materials required to suppress cellular mitochondrial activity was below that required for metals alone, suggesting that simple extracellular release of the metals from the metal‐APT materials was not the primary mechanism of mitochondrial suppression. In contrast to fibroblasts, no metal‐APT material had a measurable effect on THP1 monocyte mitochondrial activity, despite potent suppression by metals alone. This latter result suggested that “biodelivery” by metal‐APT materials may be cell type‐specific. Therefore, it appears that APTs are plausible solid‐phase delivery agents of metals or metal compounds to some types of cells for potential therapeutic effect. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
In vivo evaluation of noble metal coatings
Authors: Suska Felicia , Svensson Sara , Johansson Anna , Emanuelsson Lena , Karlholm Helen , Ohrlander Mattias , Thomsen Peter 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA nanotopographic noble metal (Ag, Au, Pd) coating has been applied on commercial urinary catheters and used in more than 80,000 patients, with good clinical results. We have previously evaluated the biocompatibility of different variations of this coating, showing high cellular viability and function in vitro. However, the reasons for good clinical and preclinical behavior are not known. This in vivo study aimed to investigate the soft tissue peri‐implant reaction to five coatings with systematically altered noble metal ratios after 1, 3, and 21 days of implantation in rats. The results show that coatings of silver only, or silver with medium amounts of gold and low‐medium palladium content were superior to other tested coatings. Such surfaces were during the first days after implantation associated with a decreased recruitment of inflammatory cells to implant close exudates, a lower percentage of neutrophils, higher cell viability, and lower production of monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1), compared to the other coatings and uncoated silicone (PDMS) control. In contrast, the addition of higher concentrations of gold and palladium to silver induced a thicker soft tissue capsule. Coatings with high concentration of palladium induced the thickest fibrouscapsule after 21 days of implantation. The study demonstrates that by varying the noble metal ratio at implant surfaces it is possible to modulate inflammation and fibrosis in soft tissue. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010
Increasing students' perceived sociopolitical empowerment through online and face‐to‐face community psychology seminars
Authors: Francescato Donata , Solimeno Andrea , Mebane Minou Ella , Tomai Manuela 
Published: August 2009

AbstractCommunity psychology theorists underline the importance of promoting sociopolitical empowerment, but few studies have been conducted on the evaluation of the efficacy of empowering programs among university students. The authors report two studies: the first, with 216 psychology majors, compared the efficacy of face‐to‐face and online community psychology seminars in promoting perceived sociopolitical empowerment and self efficacy. The second, with 170 psychology majors, explored if differences in teachers experiences affected students sociopolitical empowerment. Results of ANOVA, on measures of empowerment and self‐efficacy, indicate that learning community psychology principles and a community analysis skill did increase sociopolitical empowerment and efficacies in all studies, both in online and face‐to‐face settings, regardless of teachers' experience. Implications for promoting active citizenship and attracting more students to community psychology programs are discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Kinetics of adsorption of sulfur mustard on Al2O3 nanoparticles with and without impregnants
Authors: Saxena Amit , Sharma Abha , Srivastava Avanish Kumar , Singh Beer , Gutch Pranav Kumar , Semwal Rajendra Prasad 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Chemical warfare (CW) agents are highly toxic compounds and have been used in war to produce physical immobilization, so safe and effective ways to detoxify them without endangering human life or the environment is of great concern. One of the important ways to achieve protection against CW agents contaminating air is to utilize suitable adsorbent materials, e.g. activated carbon, nanoparticles, etc. In the present study nanoparticles, synthesized through sol–gel processes and loaded with reactive compounds have been used for the degradation of CW agents and to understand their adsorption kinetics using Fickian and linear driving force models.RESULTS: Nanoparticles of AP‐Al2O3 (aerogel‐produced alumina) in the size range 2–30 nm with high surface area (375 m2 g−1) were produced by an alkoxide‐based synthesis, and then characterized using N2‐Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques. Thereafter, these were impregnated, and finally tested for kinetics of adsorption of sulfur mustard (HD) under static conditions. The kinetics was studied using linear driving force and Fickian diffusion models and the kinetics parameters determined.CONCLUSION: AP‐Al2O3 with 10% impregnation of 9‐molybdo‐3‐vanadophosphoric acid (10%, w/w) showed the maximum uptake (640 mg g−1) of HD. The highest adsorption potential indicated that the adsorption was due not only to physisorption but also involved chemisorption. Values of the diffusional exponent indicated the mechanism to be Fickian and anomalous. Hydrolysis, dehydrochlorination and oxidation reactions (identified using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC/MS)) were found to be the route of degradation of HD over the prepared nanoparticle based adsorbents. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Incorporation of Ag nanoparticles into membrane mimetic systems composed by phospholipid layer‐by‐layer (LbL) films to achieve surface‐enhanced Raman scattering as a tool in drug interaction studies
Authors: Aoki Pedro Henrique Benites , Alessio Priscila , De Saja Jose Antonio , Constantino Carlos José Leopoldo 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe synergistic effect produced by nanoparticles when incorporated into different systems used as analytical tools represents a growing research field nowadays. On the other hand, the study of interactions involving pharmacological drugs and biological membranes using phospholipids as mimetic systems is a research field already well established. Here, we combine both the anionic phospholipid dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl glycerol (DPPG) and negative Ag nanoparticles (AgNP) to form layer‐by‐layer (LbL) multilayered films using the cationic polymer poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) as the supporting polyelectrolyte, which were further investigated in the presence of a phenothiazine compound (methylene blue—MB). The molecular architecture of the LbL films in terms of controlled growth, morphology with micro and nanometer spatial resolutions, and dispersion of both AgNP and MB within the DPPG matrix was determined combining spectroscopy [ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) absorption and micro‐Raman spectroscopy] and microscopy [scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM)]. The results showed that the LbL films can be grown in a controlled way at nanometer thickness scale with the surface morphology susceptible to the presence of both AgNP and MB. The surface‐enhanced phenomenon was applied to investigate the LbL films taking the advantage of the strong surface‐enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) signal presented by the MB molecules. Besides, as MB is a pharmacological drug of interest, its molecular arrangements when dispersed in LbL films containing DPPG, which is the biological membrane mimetic system here, were investigated. In this case, the AgNP played a key role in achieving the MB SERRS signal. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seed‐mediated growth method for electroless deposition of AgNPs on glass substrates for use in SERS measurements
Authors: Cheng Min‐Liang , Yang Jyisy 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn this work, an electroless deposition method for silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on glass substrates was developed for use in surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) measurements. To obtain evenly distributed AgNPs of suitable size on the glass substrates, a seeding procedure was utilized as a pretreatment before the electroless deposition of AgNPs. The AgNPs thus formed were affected by both the seeding and growing procedures. To optimize the procedures for preparation of SERS substrates, several factors, including reaction time, the concentration of silver ions, and the concentration of reducing agents (glucose) for seeding and growing procedures, were varied. The morphologies of the seeds and the resulting AgNPs on the glass substrates were characterized by field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) and correlated with the SERS signals from probing with para‐nitrothiophenol (pNTP). The results indicated that only the seeding time and the concentration of silver ions significantly influenced the distribution and sizes of the Ag seeds on the substrates. In the growing procedures, both the concentration of silver nitrate and the reducing agent affected the morphologies of the resulting AgNPs and, hence, the SERS signals. The substrates prepared using this newly developed method offer 2–5 times improvement of the SERS signals compared to substrates prepared without seed treatment. Also, the AgNPs prepared by this method can be easily controlled to designated sizes with even spatial and size distributions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of high hydrostatic pressure on mortality and allergenicity ofAnisakis simplexL3 and on muscle properties of infested hake
Authors: Vidacek Sanja , de las Heras Cristina , Solas Maria Teresa , Rodriguez Mahillo Ana I , Tejada Margarita 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:High pressure (HP) ranging from 100 to 350 MPa (1–15 min) was applied toAnisakis simplexlarvae and parasitised hake (Merluccius merluccius) muscle. The aim of the study was to kill the larvae to prevent human anisakidosis, to evaluate the effect onA. simplexallergens and to minimally alter fish muscle quality.RESULTS:The larvae were killed at pressures ≥ 200 MPa and times ≥ 1 min, producing alterations in the larva body and ruptures in the cuticle when observed by scanning electron microscopy. Nevertheless, Ani s 4 andA. simplexcrude antigens were recognised by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry at all HPs assayed. Small changes in colour and texture were observed in fish muscle under all pressure/time conditions. Major changes were observed visually at 300 MPa, where the muscle appeared as slightly cooked. Apparent viscosity of muscle homogenates decreased significantly at longer times or higher applied pressure. No changes were detected at 200 MPa in the electrophoretic pattern of proteins treated with or without β‐mercaptoethanol, suggesting that disulfide bonds were not formed.CONCLUSION:Application of HP at 200 MPa for up to 5 min would killA. simplexlarvae, avoiding infestation of the consumer and causing small changes in the hake muscle perceived sensorially. However, HP‐treatedA. simplex‐parasitised fish would still be a potential hazard for consumers allergic to the larvae. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Pulsed electric field treatment of carrots before drying and rehydration
Authors: Gachovska Tanya K , Simpson Marian V , Ngadi Michael O , Raghavan GSV 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:In this study the effects of pulsed electric field (PEF) pretreatment were evaluated during drying and rehydration of carrots. Carrots pretreated with an electric field intensity of 1 kV cm−1(capacitance 0.5 µF, 20 pulses) or 1.5 kV cm−1(capacitance 1 µF, 20 pulses) as well as blanched (100 °C, 3 min) carrots were used for the study. Following pretreatment, samples were oven dried at 70 °C and then rehydrated in distilled water (1:30 w/v) at room temperature (24 ± 1 °C).RESULTS:PEF pretreatment increased the drying rate of carrots. However, the rehydration rate of PEF‐pretreated carrots was lower than that of blanched carrots. There were no colour differences between PEF‐pretreated and blanched carrots before drying and after rehydration. In terms of texture, PEF‐pretreated carrots were firmer than blanched carrots. PEF pretreatment reduced the activity of peroxidase by 30–50%, while blanching completely inactivated the enzyme (>95%).CONCLUSIONS:Overall, the results suggest that PEF could be an effective pretreatment during drying and rehydration of carrots. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Estimation of metabolisable energy content of date pit and its effect on lipid and protein oxidation in broiler chicks
Authors: Zaghari Mojtaba , Taherkhani Reza , Ghasemi Mehdi , Shivazad Mahmood 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Two experiments were conducted to evaluate date pit as a feed ingredient in broiler chick diets. In the first experiment, apparent metabolisable energy (AME) of date pit was determined using 72 Ross (308) broiler chicks. Broiler chicks received experimental diets from 25 to 30 days of age. Two diets were fed: diet 1, basal diet and diet 2, 60% basal diet + 40% date pit. Date pit ileal AMEn was estimated to be 704 kcal kg−1. The second study was conducted to evaluate the AMEn value obtained and also the effectiveness of using a commercial multi‐enzyme in diets containing date pit. Diets with three levels of date pit (10, 20 and 30% date pit) with or without enzyme supplementation were fed to broiler chicks from day old to 42 days of age.RESULTS: Chicks receiving different levels of dietary date pit had comparable body weight to those fed on corn–soybean meal diet. Both date pit levels and enzyme supplementation had a significant effect on feed conversion ratio. Plasma total antioxidant levels of positive control were significantly lower than the experimental diets.CONCLUSION: Results obtained in our study suggested that date pit could be used as a feed ingredient in the diet of broiler chicks without any negative effect on performance. Furthermore, date pit may have beneficial effects on plasma antioxidant status in broiler chicks. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Factors associated with fumonisin contamination of maize in Uganda
Authors: Atukwase Abel , Kaaya Archileo N , Muyanja Charles 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: During production and handling, maize is attacked by many Fusarium species, some of which are prolific producers of fumonisins. Contamination of maize with fumonisins is influenced by climate, agronomic and postharvest practices. This study investigated the factors associated with the occurrence of fumonisins in maize produced in three agroecological zones of Uganda.RESULTS: All the maize samples were positive for fumonisins with levels ranging from 0.27 to 10 mg kg−1. A positive and significant correlation (P < 0.01) was observed between fumonisin levels and agroecological zone. Maize from high altitude zone had significantly higher (P < 0.05) mean total fumonisin content (4.93 mg kg−1) than maize from the mid altitude‐moist (4.53 mg kg−1) and mid altitude‐dry (4.50 mg kg−1) zones. Five farmer practices, namely intercropping, crop rotation, delayed harvesting, drying maize on bare ground and planting treated seeds were significantly associated with fumonisin production in maize. Intercropping, delayed harvesting and drying maize on bare ground increased fumonisin contamination whereas crop rotation and planting treated seeds reduced the contamination.CONCLUSION: All maize samples obtained from the three agroecological zones were contaminated with fumonisins. The study showed that some of the farmers' practices predispose maize to fumonisin contamination. The findings are important for future studies aimed at designing strategies to control and prevent contamination of maize with fumonisins. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Microstructural changes in Lupinus campestris seed in response to three thermal debittering treatments
Authors: Jiménez‐Martínez Cristian , Campos‐Mendiola Roberto , Sánchez‐Espíndola Ma. Esther , Jiménez‐Aparicio Antonio , Gutiérrez‐López Gustavo , Dávila‐Ortiz Gloria 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Lupinus campestris seed has a high protein (350–450 g kg−1) and oil (180–200 g kg−1) content, but its use is limited by toxic substances, such as quinolizidine alkaloids (QAs), that can be reduced by debittering thermal treatments (DTTs) which cause biochemical changes in seed compounds such as carbohydrates and proteins and could induce changes in the seed microstructure. This work aims to correlate biochemical and microstructural changes with nutritional composition in lupin seeds in response to DTT.RESULTS: Three DTTs, aqueous (AqT), acid (AcT) and alkaline (AlT), were performed with L. campestris and the effects on nutritional value were evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy was used to evaluate microstructural changes of raw and debittered seeds using image and fractal analysis tools. DTT caused a decrease of QAs, carbohydrate content and protein increase. These effects were more pronounced with A1T. Analysis of microstructural changes indicated decreased rugosity and smoother texture of seed surface subjected to DTT. Smoother surfaces exhibited oval and polyhedrical structures corresponding to globular protein aggregation.CONCLUSIONS: DTT had effects on the seed surface, which showed a smoother texture associated with oval and polyhedrical structures that may be caused by aggregation of globular proteins. These findings allowed associate debittering treatments to microstructural features. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Aroma components at various stages of litchi juice processing
Authors: Li Chunmei , Hao Jufang , Zhong Huizhen , Dang Meizhu , Xie Bijun 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Considering the importance of flavour on the quality of litchi juice, a study was conducted on how processing and operating stages influence the aroma components of clear litchi juice during processing.RESULTS: The aroma fractions isolated by solid‐phase micro‐extraction were analysed by capillary gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. According to statistical analyses, the amount of total and seven characteristic aroma compounds (geraniol, citronellol, phenylethyl alcohol, D‐limonene, nonanal, geranial and linalool) increased significantly after enzyme hydrolysis, but decreased significantly during the process of enzyme inactivation, ultra‐filtration and sterilisation.CONCLUSION: The aromatic fraction of litchi juice decreased greatly during processing. The major losses in aromatic composition of clear litchi juice were related to the ultra‐filtration and sterilisation processes. With regard to the retention of aroma, an ultra‐filtration membrane with a larger pore size is better than a membrane with a smaller pore size, and a high‐voltage pulsed electric field was better than thermal sterilisation. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry