bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma interferon-alpha protein levels during pregnancy are associated with lower birth weight in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Stockfelt Marit , Torell Agnes , Gunnarsson Iva , Svenungsson Elisabet , Zickert Agneta , Sennström Maria Majcuk , Trysberg Estelle , Bengtsson Anders A , Jönsen Andreas , Strevens Helena , Sjöwall Christopher , Saleh Muna , Pihl Sofia , Leonard Dag , Rönnblom Lars , Akhter Tansim , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Jacobsson Bo , Lundell Anna-Carin , Rudin Anna 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Adverse pregnancy outcomes are more common in women with SLE compared with healthy women, but we lack prognostic biomarkers. Plasma IFN-α protein levels are elevated in a subgroup of pregnant women with SLE, but whether this is associated with pregnancy outcomes is unknown. We investigated the relationship between IFN-α, adverse pregnancy outcomes and the presence of autoantibodies in SLE pregnancy.

Methods
We followed 76 women with SLE prospectively. Protein levels of IFN-α were quantified in plasma collected in the second and third trimester with single-molecule array. Positivity for ANA and aPL antibodies was assessed during late pregnancy with multiplexed bead assay. Clinical outcomes included the adverse pregnancy outcomes small for gestational age (SGA), preterm birth and preeclampsia.

Results
During SLE pregnancy, women with SGA infants compared with those without had higher levels of plasma IFN-α protein, and IFN-α positivity was associated with lower birth weight of the infant. Preterm birth was associated with autoantibodies against chromatin. IFN-α protein levels associated positively with autoantibodies against chromatin, Smith/RNP (SmRNP) and RNP, but negatively with aPL antibodies.

Conclusion
Elevated IFN-α protein in plasma of women with SLE is a potential risk factor for lower birth weight of their infants. The association between IFN-α and lower birth weight warrants further investigation regarding the pathophysiological role of IFN-α during SLE pregnancy.
Evo-devo applied to sleep research: an approach whose time has come
Authors: Brown Ritchie E 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Sleep occurs in all animals but its amount, form, and timing vary considerably between species and between individuals. Currently, little is known about the basis for these differences, in part, because we lack a complete understanding of the brain circuitry controlling sleep–wake states and markers for the cell types which can identify similar circuits across phylogeny. Here, I explain the utility of an “Evo-devo” approach for comparative studies of sleep regulation and function as well as for sleep medicine. This approach focuses on the regulation of evolutionary ancient transcription factors which act as master controllers of cell-type specification. Studying these developmental transcription factor cascades can identify novel cell clusters which control sleep and wakefulness, reveal the mechanisms which control differences in sleep timing, amount, and expression, and identify the timepoint in evolution when different sleep–wake control neurons appeared. Spatial transcriptomic studies, which identify cell clusters based on transcription factor expression, will greatly aid this approach. Conserved developmental pathways regulate sleep in mice, Drosophila, and C. elegans. Members of the LIM Homeobox (Lhx) gene family control the specification of sleep and circadian neurons in the forebrain and hypothalamus. Increased Lhx9 activity may account for increased orexin/hypocretin neurons and reduced sleep in Mexican cavefish. Other transcription factor families specify sleep–wake circuits in the brainstem, hypothalamus, and basal forebrain. The expression of transcription factors allows the generation of specific cell types for transplantation approaches. Furthermore, mutations in developmental transcription factors are linked to variation in sleep duration in humans, risk for restless legs syndrome, and sleep-disordered breathing. This paper is part of the “Genetic and other molecular underpinnings of sleep, sleep disorders, and circadian rhythms including translational approaches” collection.
National Beef Quality Audit—2022: in-plant assessments of quality and yield determining carcass characteristics of fed steers and heifers
Authors: Mayer Thachary R , Borders Sydni E , Schwartz Trent E , Gehring Kerri B , Griffin Davey B , Kerth Christopher R , Belk Keith E , Scanga John A , Nair Mahesh N , Pfeiffer Morgan M , Mafi Gretchen G , Harr Keayla M , Lawrence Ty E , Tennant Travis C , Lucherk Loni W , O’Quinn Travis G , Beyer Erin S , Bass Phil D , Garcia Lyda G , Bohrer Benjamin M , Pempek Jessica A , Garmyn Andrea J , Maddock Robert J , Carr C Chad , Pringle T Dean , Scheffler Tracy L , Scheffler Jason M , Stelzleni Alexander M , Gonzalez John M , Underwood Keith R , Harsh Bailey N , Waters Crystal M , Savell Jeffrey W 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The National Beef Quality Audit – 2022 serves as a benchmark of the current fed steer and heifer population of the U.S. beef industry and allows comparison to previous audits as a method of monitoring industry progress. In-plant cooler assessments and collections of beef carcass data took place from July 2021 to November 2022. During in-plant evaluations, 10% of 1-d production was surveyed for quality and yield indicating characteristics of fed beef carcasses (n = 9,746 beef carcasses). Distributions of sex classes among sampled carcasses were steer (65.0%) and heifer (35.0%), whereas distributions of breed type were native (87.7%), dairy (11.3%), and Bos indicus (0.9%). Mean values were observed for USDA Yield Grades (YG; 3.3), USDA Quality Grade (QG; Choice16), marbling score (Small98), ribeye area (91.0 cm2), adjusted fat thickness (1.49 cm), hot carcass weight (401.9 kg), and KPH (2.5%). Mean overall maturity was A66, with a mean lean maturity of A56 and mean skeletal maturity of A72. There were 28.1% of carcasses identified for use in a USDA-certified beef G-Schedule Program. Defects, such as dark cutting and blood splash, were observed at 1.8% and 0.5%, respectively. Distributions of USDA YG were YG 1 (8.2%), YG 2 (30.7%), YG 3 (40.2%), YG 4 (16.6%), and YG 5 (4.3%). USDA QGs were observed at 7.5% Prime, 69.2% Choice, 16.4% Select, and 6.8% other. The results of this study provide an updated look at the current grading trends of beef carcasses in the United States to drive progress in the fed beef industry.
To explore the protective effect of gastrodin on PC12 cells against oxidative stress induced by lead acetate based on network pharmacology
Authors: Pan Si-Wen , Zou Yu , Xu Tian-Jiao , Ma Chun-Hui , Li Xiao-Ming , Yu Chun-Lei 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective
Screening and predicting potential targets for gastrodin antioxidant stress based on network pharmacology methods, and exploring the effect of gastrodin on lead acetate induced oxidative stress in PC12 cells through cell experiments.

Methods
Through the Pharmaper database Predict the target of action of gastrodin. Through OMIM and GeneCards to collect oxidative stress targets from database, and intersect with drug targets to obtain drug disease intersection targets; Construct a PPI network diagram using the STRING database. Perform GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis on intersection targets through the DAVID platform. Lead acetate (PbAc) exposure was used to establish a lead poisoning cell model, and intracellular ROS levels, ALB, AKT1, and Caspase-3 levels were measured.

Results
A total of 288 targets of gastrodin action, 638 targets related to oxidative stress, and 62 drug disease intersection targets were obtained, among which core targets such as ALB, AKT1, CASP3 may be closely related to oxidative stress. KEGG pathway analysis showed that gastrodin antioxidant stress mainly involved in lipid, cancer pathway and other signaling pathways. The results of the cell experiment showed that 50 μM is the optimal effective concentration for PbAc induced ROS production in PC12 cells. Gastrodin significantly increased the ROS content of PC12 cells treated with PbAc, Upregulation of ALB expression and downregulation of AKT1 and CASP3 expression.

Conclusions
Gastrodin may alleviate PbAc-induced ROS in PC12 cells, indicating potential protective effects against oxidative stress. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and explore the underlying mechanisms.
Evaluating the role of DNA methyltransferases in trophoblast fusion and preeclampsia development: Insights from methylation‐regulated genes
Authors: Yang You‐Fu , Li Zhuo‐Hang , Liu Tai‐Hang , Li Cong , Xie You‐Long , Ge Lu‐Xing , Tang Jing , Li Fang‐Fang , Luo Xin , Fu Li‐Juan , Ding Yu‐Bin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe etiology of preeclampsia (PE), a complex and multifactorial condition, remains incompletely understood. DNA methylation, which is primarily regulated by three DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B, plays a vital role in early embryonic development and trophectoderm differentiation. Yet, how DNMTs modulate trophoblast fusion and PE development remains unclear. In this study, we found that the DNMTs expression was downregulated during trophoblast cells fusion. Downregulation of DNMTs was observed during the reconstruction of the denuded syncytiotrophoblast (STB) layer of placental explants. Additionally, overexpression of DNMTs inhibited trophoblast fusion. Conversely, treatment with the DNA methylation inhibitor 5‐aza‐CdR decreased the expression of DNMTs and promoted trophoblast fusion. A combined analysis of DNA methylation data and gene transcriptome data obtained from the primary cytotrophoblasts (CTBs) fusion process identified 104 potential methylation‐regulated differentially expressed genes (MeDEGs) with upregulated expression due to DNA demethylation, including CD59, TNFAIP3, SDC1, and CDK6. The transcription regulation region (TRR) of TNFAIP3 showed a hypomethylation with induction of 5‐aza‐CdR, which facilitated CREB recruitment and thereby participated in regulating trophoblast fusion. More importantly, clinical correlation analysis of PE showed that the abnormal increase in DNMTs may be involved in the development of PE. This study identified placental DNA methylation‐regulated genes that may contribute to PE, offering a novel perspective on the role of epigenetics in trophoblast fusion and its implication in PE development.
Deep learning and digital pathology powers prediction of HCC development in steatotic liver disease
Authors: Nakatsuka Takuma , Tateishi Ryosuke , Sato Masaya , Hashizume Natsuka , Kamada Ami , Nakano Hiroki , Kabeya Yoshinori , Yonezawa Sho , Irie Rie , Tsujikawa Hanako , Sumida Yoshio , Yoneda Masashi , Akuta Norio , Kawaguchi Takumi , Takahashi Hirokazu , Eguchi Yuichiro , Seko Yuya , Itoh Yoshito , Murakami Eisuke , Chayama Kazuaki , Taniai Makiko , Tokushige Katsutoshi , Okanoue Takeshi , Sakamoto Michiie , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro , Koike Kazuhiko 
Published: June 2024

Background and Aims:
Identifying patients with steatotic liver disease who are at a high risk of developing HCC remains challenging. We present a deep learning (DL) model to predict HCC development using hematoxylin and eosin-stained whole-slide images of biopsy-proven steatotic liver disease.

Approach and Results:
We included 639 patients who did not develop HCC for ≥7 years after biopsy (non-HCC class) and 46 patients who developed HCC <7 years after biopsy (HCC class). Paired cases of the HCC and non-HCC classes matched by biopsy date and institution were used for training, and the remaining nonpaired cases were used for validation. The DL model was trained using deep convolutional neural networks with 28,000 image tiles cropped from whole-slide images of the paired cases, with an accuracy of 81.0% and an AUC of 0.80 for predicting HCC development. Validation using the nonpaired cases also demonstrated a good accuracy of 82.3% and an AUC of 0.84. These results were comparable to the predictive ability of logistic regression model using fibrosis stage. Notably, the DL model also detected the cases of HCC development in patients with mild fibrosis. The saliency maps generated by the DL model highlighted various pathological features associated with HCC development, including nuclear atypia, hepatocytes with a high nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, immune cell infiltration, fibrosis, and a lack of large fat droplets.

Conclusions:
The ability of the DL model to capture subtle pathological features beyond fibrosis suggests its potential for identifying early signs of hepatocarcinogenesis in patients with steatotic liver disease.
The impact of premature rupture of membrane on neonatal outcomes in infants born at 34 weeks gestation or later
Authors: Su Chih-Ting , Chen Wei-Yu , Tsao Pei-Chen , Lee Yu-Sheng , Jeng Mei-Jy 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Premature rupture of membranes (PROMs) is a known risk for adverse neonatal outcomes, often leading to neonatal hospitalization due to suspected perinatal infection or other issues. This study assesses PROM’s clinical impact on neonatal outcomes in infants born at 34 weeks of gestation or later.

Methods:
We studied hospitalized neonates born between December 2018 and November 2019, with gestational ages of 34 weeks or more and PROM diagnosis. We extracted patient data from clinical records, including demographics, maternal history, medical profiles, and neonatal outcomes. Neonates were categorized based on symptoms, PROM duration, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) stay, and respiratory support. Data underwent thematic analysis.

Results:
Of 275 neonates, the average PROM duration was 7.9 ± 8.1 hours, with 247 cases (89.8%) showing symptoms. Among them, 34 (12.4%) had PROM lasting over 18 hours, 48 (17.5%) were born prematurely, and 79 (28.7%) required intensive care. Symptomatic neonates had significantly higher rates of needing intensive care, respiratory support, prolonged antibiotics, and extended hospitalization (p < 0.05). NICU stays (≥3 days) were significantly associated with prematurity (odds ratio [OR] = 5.49; 95% CI, 2.39-12.60) and an initial pH level <7.25 (OR = 3.35; 95% CI, 1.46-7.68). Extended respiratory support (≥3 days) was significantly correlated with tocolysis ≥7 days (OR = 13.20; 95% CI, 3.94-44.20), Apgar score <7 at 1 minute after birth (OR = 4.28; 95% CI, 1.67-10.97), and inadequate intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) (OR = 2.34; 95% CI, 1.04-5.23).

Conclusion:
Neonates born at or after 34 weeks of gestation with PROM should undergo vigilant monitoring if early symptoms (<24 hours) manifest. Risk factors for requiring NICU care or extended respiratory support (≥3 days) include prematurity, low initial pH (<7.25), prolonged tocolysis requirement (≥7 days), an Apgar score below 7 at 1 minute, and inadequate IAP.
Frantz’s tumor as incidental finding during Heller myotomy for achalasia: case report and review of literature
Authors: Printes Thaís Regina Moreira , de Castro Gustavo Lopes , Rabelo Delon Calixto , da Silva Neto Rubem Alves , da Silva Junior Rubem Alves 
Published: June 2024

Introduction:
Solid pseudopapillary tumor is a low-grade malignancy of the pancreas and predominantly affects young women. This neoplasm is a rare pancreatic entity with vague clinical presentation. Diagnosis is often incidental through imaging or even during surgical approach for another condition.

Case presentation:
A 22-year-old Brazilian female with gastrointestinal symptoms was diagnosed with achalasia and underwent Heller myotomy. Intraoperatory findings included an enlarging mass in the distal pancreas. During follow-up for the surgical approach of achalasia, a hypothesis of Frantz’s tumor was stated, and spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy was performed.

Discussion:
The pathological pathways of Frantz’s tumor is still unclear, and its connection with chromosomal abnormalities is under investigation. Although the tumor has been reclassified over the years to solid pseudopapillary tumor, surgical resection remains the standard treatment.

Conclusion:
Despite a surgical challenge, surgery presents a great prognosis in these patients and long-term survival. High suspicion and proper investigation are fundamental to diagnosis and early treatment.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice of artificial intelligence applications in medicine among physicians in Sudan: a national cross-sectional survey
Authors: Hammad Jaber Amin Mohammed , Abdelmonim Gasm Alseed Fadlalmoula Gasm Alseed , Awadalla Mohamed Elhassan Elmahi Musab , hatim Khalid Alrabee Noon , Hemmeda Lina , Haydar Awad Mohammed , Mustafa Ahmed Ghassan E. , Abbasher Hussien Mohamed Ahmed Khabab 
Published: June 2024

Background and aims:
Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a rapidly developing tool within the medical landscape, globally aiding in diagnosis and healthcare management. However, its integration within healthcare systems remains varied across different regions. In Sudan, there exists a burgeoning interest in AI potential applications within medicine. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of AI applications in medicine among physicians in Sudan.

Methods:
The authors conducted a web-based survey cross-sectional analytical study using an online questionnaire-based survey regarding demographic details, knowledge, attitudes, and practice of AI distributing through various e-mail listings and social media platforms. A sample of 825 Physicians including doctors in Sudan with different ranks and specialties were selected using the convenient non-probability sampling technique.

Result:
Out of 825 Physicians, 666 (80.7%) of Physicians have previous knowledge about AI. However, only a small number 123 (14.9%) were taught about AI during their time in medical school, even fewer, just 120 (14.5%) had AI-related lessons in their training program. Regarding attitude, 675 (81.8%) agree that AI is very important in medicine, almost the same number, 681 (82.6%) support the idea of teaching AI in medical schools. Practically, 535 (64.8%) of doctors, think that should get special training in using AI tools in healthcare. Excitingly 651 (78.9%) of physicians are interested in working with AI in future. Based on different ranks of doctors toward AI; Medical Officers exhibited the highest proportion at (32.7%) of knowledge and understanding of AI concepts, followed by House Officers at (16.7%) (p=0.076); regarding attitude, Medical Officers demonstrated the highest (31.6%) favorable attitude, followed by House Officers at (17.5%) (p=0.229); In practice also, Medical Officer showed the highest portion (28.0%) among participants (p=0.129).

Conclusion:
While there is a positive attitude and some level of AI practice, there remains a considerable gap in knowledge that needs addressing.
Congenital colloid cyst with astigmatism in adult male patient: a rare case report
Authors: Dawabsheh Salwa H. , Abed Samamqa Salma , Kawazbeh Waleed N. , Mohammad Basel , Sallam Qasim M. , Massoud Haya , Dway Ali , Awaysa Asala Mohammad , Al- Karaja Layth 
Published: June 2024

Introduction and importance:
Colloid cysts are rare brain tumors that can cause headaches, memory problems, and vision issues. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent complications.

Case presentation:
The authors report a case of a patient in their 20s with a 2-year history of headaches and blurry vision. A computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a colloid cyst in the third ventricle. The patient was diagnosed with astigmatism and managed with corrective lenses and regular CT scans.

Clinical discussion:
The patient’s astigmatism may be linked to the colloid cyst, potentially due to migraines triggered by the cyst’s location. Further research is needed to understand this relationship.

Conclusion:
This case highlights the potential for colloid cysts to contribute to vision problems. Careful evaluation and individualized management are essential for patients with colloid cysts and vision disturbances.
Therapeutic expression of RAS Degrader RRSP in Pancreatic Cancer via Nanocarrier-mediated mRNA delivery
Authors: Escher Taylor E. , Yuk Simseok A. , Qian Yuan , Stubbs Caleb K. , Scott Evan A. , Satchell Karla J.F. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTAbstract FigureGraphical Abstract:Synthetic nanocarriers packaged with mRNA are used to express the RAS-specific protease RRSP in cancer cells resulting in cell death and tumor shrinkage.About one-third of all human cancers encode abnormal RAS proteins locked in a constitutively activated state to drive malignant transformation and uncontrolled tumor growth. Despite progress in development of small molecules for treatment of mutant KRAS cancers, there is a need for a pan-RAS inhibitor that is effective against all RAS isoforms and variants and that avoids drug resistance. We have previously shown that the naturally occurring bacterial enzyme RAS/RAP1-specific endopeptidase (RRSP) is a potent RAS degrader that can be re-engineered as a biologic therapy to induce regression of colorectal, breast, and pancreatic tumors. Here, we have developed a strategy for in vivo expression of this RAS degrader via mRNA delivery using a synthetic nonviral gene delivery platform composed of the poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(propylene sulfide) (PEG-b-PPS) block copolymer conjugated to a dendritic cationic peptide (PPDP2). Using this strategy, PPDP2 is shown to deliver mRNA to both human and mouse pancreatic cells resulting in RRSP gene expression, activity, and loss of cell proliferation. Further, pancreatic tumors are reduced with residual tumors lacking detectable RAS and phosphorylated ERK. These data support that mRNA-loaded synthetic nanocarrier delivery of a RAS degrader can interrupt the RAS signaling system within pancreatic cancer cells while avoiding side effects during therapy.
Topically applied thyroid hormones stimulate hair growth in organ-cultured human scalp skin
Authors: Gherardini Jennifer , Akhundlu Aysun , Gompels Matthew , Verbinnen Andrew , Velasco Sergi , Knie Ulrich , Kassir Ramtin , Cheret Jeremy , Paus Ralf 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe have previously shown that the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) prolong anagen, mitigate stem cell apoptosis, and stimulate mitochondrial functions in microdissected human scalp HFs ex vivo. To circumvent the systemic adverse effects of T3/T4, we have asked in the current pilot study whether topically applied T3/T4 retains hair growth-promoting properties. To prove this, we have topically treated healthy full-thickness human scalp skin with T3 (1, 10nM) and T4 (1, 10μM) for six days in serum-free organ culture, using an HF-targeting vehicle that contains only FDA-approved ingredients. This showed that, at distinct doses, topical T3 and T4 significantly increased the percentage of HFs in anagen, decreased the percentage of proliferative (Ki-67+) cells in the hair matrix, did not promote melanogenesis (as measured by quantitative Warthin-Starry histochemistry), and significantly increased keratin 15 expression in the bulge. Finally, T3 and T4, at low concentrations, increase the expression of the hair growth promoters IGF-1 and FGF-7. The lower concentration of T3 and both of T4 also significantly increases the number of CD31+ endothelial cells, suggesting a pro-angiogenic effect, which is also important for hair growth promotion. These preliminary results strongly suggest that topically applied thyroid hormones promote hair growth in intact human scalp on multiple levels ex vivo. This invites the intermittent pulse application of topical T3 and T4 as a novel therapeutic intervention for managing hair loss disorders associated with telogen effluvium, such as androgenetic alopecia.