bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurobehavioral side effects of corticosteroids during active treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children are age‐dependent: Report from Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute ALL Consortium Protocol 00‐01
Authors: Mrakotsky Christine M. , Silverman Lewis B. , Dahlberg Suzanne E. , Alyman M. Cheryl A. , Sands Stephen A. , Queally Jennifer T. , Miller Tamara P. , Cranston Amy , Neuberg Donna S. , Sallan Stephen E. , Waber Deborah P. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackgroundAlthough corticosteroids remain a mainstay of treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), they can cause troublesome neurobehavioral changes during active treatment, especially in young children. We evaluated acute neurobehavioral side effects of corticosteroid therapy in preschool versus school‐age children by obtaining structured reports weekly for 1 month.ProcedureParents of 62 children (2–17 years) treated on Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI) ALL Consortium Protocol 00‐01 participated during the continuation phase of treatment. Patients received cyclical twice‐daily 5‐day courses of prednisone (PRED; 40 mg/m2/day) or dexamethasone (DEX; 6 mg/m2/day). Parents completed behavior rating scales about their child weekly during one steroid cycle [baseline (Day 0), active steroid (Day 7), post‐steroid (Days 14 and 21)].ResultsBehavioral side effects increased significantly (P < 0.001) during the steroid week for preschool children (<6 years) on measures of emotional control, mood, behavior regulation, and executive functions, returning to baseline during the two “off‐steroid” weeks. In contrast, school‐age children (≥6 years) did not demonstrate an increase in side effects during the steroid week. Steroid type (PRED vs. DEX) was not a significant predictor of neurobehavioral side effects.ConclusionsPreschool children are at greater risk for neurobehavioral side effects during active steroid treatment for ALL than school‐age children and adolescents. DEX was not associated with more neurobehavioral side effects than PRED. Counseling of families about side‐effects should be adapted according to age. The observed effects, moreover, were transient, reducing concerns about longer‐term neurobehavioral toxicities. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57: 492–498. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functionalization of parylene during its chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Naddaka Maria , Asen Florian , Freza Sylwia , Bobrowski Maciej , Skurski Piotr , Laux Edith , Charmet Jerome , Keppner Herbert , Bauer Monika , Lellouche Jean‐Paul 
Published: May 2011

AbstractTwo possible mechanisms for the reaction of four halogenated (metha)acrylate‐based molecules with Parylene [poly (paraxylylene)] during its chemical vapor deposition were proposed. The chemical reactivity of acrylate double bond with the paraxylylene biradical was calculated for all four (metha)acrylate‐based molecules. These calculations allowed the evaluation of the energetically favorable mechanism and indeed a direct correlation was found between both predicted and experimental reactivities. Next, the reactivity of the (metha)acrylate‐modified Parylene films was evaluated through their reaction with different amines. The obtained amidated Parylene films were characterized with X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Kaiser test for primary amines, and fluorescence microscopy. The strong reactivity of (metha)acrylate‐modified Parylene films toward nucleophilic substitution emphasizes a general method for the functionalization of self‐supported Parylene films grown on the reacting solutions using the novel solid on liquid deposition process. This paves the way to the development of multifunctional materials in a one‐step process resulting from the deposition Parylene over liquid patterns. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Mechanistic insight of photo‐induced aggregation of chicken egg white lysozyme: The interplay between hydrophobic interactions and formation of intermolecular disulfide bonds
Authors: Xie Jinbing , Qin Meng , Cao Yi , Wang Wei 
Published: May 2011

AbstractRecently, it was reported that ultraviolet (UV) illumination could trigger the unfolding of proteins by disrupting the buried disulfide bonds. However, the consequence of such unfolding has not been adequately evaluated. Here, we report that unfolded chicken egg white lysozyme (CEWL) triggered by UV illumination can form uniform globular aggregates as confirmed by dynamic light scattering, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The assembling process of such aggregates was also monitored by several other methods, such as circular dichroism, fluorescence spectroscopy, mass spectrometry based on chymotrypsin digestion, ANS‐binding assay, Ellman essay, and SDS‐PAGE. Our finding is that due to the dissociation of the native disulfide bonds by UV illumination, CEWL undergoes drastic conformational changes resulting in the exposure of some hydrophobic residues and free thiols. Subsequently, these partially unfolded molecules self‐assemble into small granules driven by intermolecular hydrophobic interaction. With longer UV illumination or longer incubation time, these granules can further self‐assemble into larger globular aggregates. The combined effects from both the hydrophobic interaction and the formation of intermolecular disulfide bonds dominate this process. Additionally, similar aggregation behavior can also be found in other three typical disulfide‐bonded proteins, that is, α‐lactalbumin, RNase A, and bovine serum albumin. Thus, we propose that such aggregation behavior might be a general mechanism for some disulfide‐bonded proteins under UV irradiation. Proteins 2011; © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
NMR structure and dynamics of recombinant wild type and mutated jerdostatin, a selective inhibitor of integrin α1β1
Authors: Carbajo Rodrigo J. , Sanz Libia , Mosulén Silvia , Pérez Alicia , Marcinkiewicz Cezary , Pineda‐Lucena Antonio , Calvete Juan J 
Published: May 2011

AbstractNMR analysis of four recombinant jerdostatin molecules was assessed to define the structural basis of two naturally occurring gain‐of‐function events: C‐terminal dipeptide processing and mutation of the active residue K21 to arginine. Removal of the highly mobile and a bulky C‐terminal dipeptide produced pronounced chemical shift changes in the sequentially unconnected but spatially nearby α1β1 inhibitory loop. Analysis of chemical shift divergence and 15N backbone relaxation dynamics indicated differences in motions in the picosecond to nanosecond time scale, and the higher T2 rate of S25, S26, and H27 of rJerK21 point to a slowdown in the microsecond to millisecond motions of these residues when compared with rJerR21. The evidence presented in this article converges on the hypothesis that dynamic differences between the α1β1 recognition loops of rJerR21 and rJerK21 may influence the thermodynamics of their receptor recognition and binding. A decrease in the μs‐ms time scale may impair the binding affinity by reducing the rate of possible conformations that the rJerK21 can adopt in this time scale. Proteins 2011; © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lithographically structured biological recognition structures for immunosensing and single cell analytics
Authors: Köhler Oliver , Kowalewski Philipp , Ziegler Christiane 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe preparation of structured antibody layers was shown. For this purpose, a (3‐aminopropyl)‐trimethoxysilane (APTMS) monolayer on a silicon wafer was pholithographically structured. To the APTMS structures, IgG antibodies can easily be attached via glutaraldehyde coupling. To prevent unspecific bonding to the bare silicon substrate, a commercial blocking agent has to be used.
Force spectroscopy with BSA functionalized cantilevers on TiO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Schäfer Jens , Marxer Elena Eva Julianne , Bakowsky Udo 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe contact of nanoparticle surfaces with biomolecules often results in interactions. Proteins as one of the most important biomolecules adsorb on nanoparticle surfaces and can affect the way of recognition or of uptake in the cell. Even inhaled nanoparticles can be found on the luminal side of airways and alveoli, major lung tissue compartment or cells and within capillaries. They cross the cell membrane not by endocytotic processes, but by diffusion or adhesive interactions. Due to the possible interaction after inhalative exposure of inorganic nanoparticles with blood biomolecules we investigated the adhesion properties between different TiO2 nanoparticles and commercial silicon or BSA (as a model protein) modified cantilevers with atomic force microscopy (AFM). The characterization of the nanoparticles was done using laser doppler electrophoresis (LDE), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for zeta potential and size. AFM was used to perform force measurements with unmodified tips and BSA functionalized tips. Adhesion measurements showed differences between the inorganic nanoparticles, regarding their ability to interact with the major serum compound BSA.magnified image
Scheme of the adhesion measurements on TiO2 nanoparticles performed with unmodified and BSA modified cantilevers.
Poly(acrylic acid)‐graft‐poly(ethylene glycol) preparation and adsorption on polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) for custom‐made antiadhesive surfaces
Authors: Schmolke Hannah , Hartwig Sven , Klages Claus‐Peter 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn this study, we report on a simple and versatile method for PEGylation of surfaces which is applicable practically independent of the substrate material: a poly(acrylic acid)‐graft‐poly(ethylene glycol) (PAA‐g‐PEG) copolymer was synthesized with grafting ratios g in the range of g = 20–2 [acrylic acid (AA) monomers to PEG side chains] and adsorbed either on bare stainless steel or on stainless steel precoated with different types of polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) from aqueous solution. For PAA‐g‐PEG synthesis two principal routes were compared with respect to yield and control of g: the active ester route using different carbodiimide coupling agents and the route via poly(acrylic acid chloride) (PAA‐Cl). Measurements based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in attenuated total reflection mode (FTIR‐ATR) showed that the adsorbed amount of PAA‐g‐PEG copolymer is in general drastically enhanced, compared to bare stainless steel as a substrate, when a suitable PEM is used as an interlayer. The amount was also found to be strongly dependent on the type of PEM and to increase with increasing thickness of the PEM interlayer. The stability of highly PEGylated PEMs and the influence of thermal crosslinking on stability were investigated by immersing the PEM‐PEG samples for 1 week into 1 M NaCl solution at pH 4.5 and 0.15 M phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at pH 7.4, respectively.
GaInN quantum well design and measurement conditions affecting the emission energy S‐shape
Authors: Netzel Carsten , Hatami Soheil , Hoffmann Veit , Wernicke Tim , Knauer Arne , Kneissl Michael , Weyers Markus 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPolarization fields and charge carrier localization are the dominant factors defining the radiative recombination processes in the quantum wells of most AlGaInN‐based optoelectronic devices. Both factors determine emission energy, emission line width, recombination times, and internal quantum efficiency. For a deeper understanding of the charge carrier recombination processes, we have performed temperature and excitation power dependent photoluminescence experiments on epitaxially grown GaInN structures to study the S‐shape of the temperature dependent emission energy.The S‐shape behaviour in GaInN quantum wells (QWs) is dominated by the temperature dependence of the charge carrier localization. However, in polar QWs it is strongly affected by the charge carrier density which screens the piezoelectric field. External applied fields change the observable S‐shape characteristic significantly. Semi‐ and nonpolar GaInN QWs feature an S‐shape behaviour which points to much stronger charge carrier localization compared to polar QWs. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Tuning of photonic bandgap via dimensional control of nano‐pillars
Authors: Li K. H. , Choi H. W. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe report on the fabrication and optical characterization of ordered hexagonal arrays of non‐closed‐packed GaN nano‐pillars formed by nanosphere lithography. A self‐assembled two‐dimensional monolayer of silica nanosphere mask was coated by the technique of spin‐coating. A silica‐selective dry etch recipe was employed to adjust the diameters of the nanospheres. With the dimension‐adjusted nanospheres as an etch mask, the pattern was transferred to a wafer to form a photonic crystal structure. The photonic bandgap structures were designed using Plane Wave Expansion algorithm for bandgap computations. The existence and positions of bandgaps have been verified through angular resolved reflectivity measurement, which correlated well with prediction of simulations. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Dependence of InN properties on MOCVD growth parameters
Authors: Tuna Ö. , Behmenburg H. , Giesen C. , Kalisch H. , Jansen R. H. , Yablonskii G. P. , Heuken M. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn order to optimize the growth conditions, the effect of the most important growth parameters such as growth temperature, pressure and V/III ratio on MOCVD‐grown InN was investigated. A series of samples were grown by changing the growth temperature from 500 °C to 550 °C at fixed growth pressure of 800 mbar and V/III ratio of 145000. An improvement of electrical properties with temperature increment was noted. The highest mobility of 1200 cm2/Vs was achieved at 550 °C with a bulk carrier concentration of 4.32 x 1018 cm‐3. The effect of V/III ratio on In droplet formation and on carrier concentration was also studied. At fixed temperature of 520 °C, reactor pressure of 200 mbar and at fixed NH3 flow of 3 slm, a rising TMIn flow from 1.2 µmol/min to 2.0 µmol/min results in a carrier concentration increment from 6.06 x 1018 cm‐3 to 1.33 x 1019 cm‐3and a decrement of the mobility from 430 cm2/Vs to 348 cm2/Vs. X‐ray diffraction measurements show that the intensity associated with In droplets on the surface is rising with increasing TMIn flow. The effect of reactor pressure on InN growth was also examined. A high sensitivity to growth pressure for crystalline quality of InN was observed. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) values of InN (0002) reflexes decreased with increasing reactor pressure. With increasing growth pressure above 200 mbar, FWHM of around 275 arcsec of InN (0002) was achieved. This FWHM value is the lowest reported in literature for MOCVD‐grown InN so far. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Plasmon enhanced optical recording in As‐Se layers
Authors: Charnovych Stepan , Kokenyesi Sandor 
Published: May 2011

AbstractHere we demonstrate a plasmon enhanced optical recording in As‐Se layers, which are among the most applicable for processing with He‐Ne or other red light emitting lasers. Gold nanoparticles deposited on the silica glass substrate and covered by an amorphous chalcogenide layer satisfy the conditions of efficient surface plasmon resonance in this spectral region. The enhancement of photo‐induced transformations results in an increased rates of photo‐darkening, followed by bleaching and localized volume changes. These experimental results support the importance of localized electric fields in photo‐structural transformations of chalcogenide glasses as well as suggest new approaches for improving the performance of these recording media. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optical characterization of sol‐gel‐derived SnO2:Eu nanopowders annealed at high temperatures
Authors: Kiisk Valter , Kangur Triin , Paalo Madis , Tätte Tanel , Pikker Siim , Sildos Ilmo 
Published: May 2011

AbstractNanoparticulate SnO2 powders doped with europium (0.5 at%) were prepared by using sol‐gel method. The samples were sintered in air or argon at temperatures ranging from 600 to 1400 °C. Raman‐, SEM‐ and photoluminescence characterization of the samples was carried out. The heat‐treated samples exposed mainly broad emission bands typical of Eu3+ ions in disordered surrounding when excited at 464 nm (direct excitation of Eu3+) whereas spectrally well‐resolved emission characteristic of Eu3+ in crystalline phase was obtained when excited at 266 nm (attributed to host‐sensitization). The broad emission bands quite abruptly disappeared after annealing at 1400 °C. Inert gas (argon) atmosphere was found to improve the emission intensity compared to similar heat treatment in air. It is argued that the observed luminescence behaviour might be explained by the combined effect of the OH groups and the peculiarities of coarsening of the nanopowder induced by heat treatment. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Analysis of some optical parameters of the glasses of the system Bix(As2S3)100‐x
Authors: Šiljegović M. V. , Lukić S. R. , Štrbac D. D. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWith the aim of characterizing the optical properties of the glasses from the system Bix(As2S3)100‐x, for x=0.5, 2 and 4 at.% Bi, their absorption coefficients and index of refraction were measured. The extrapolation of the linear parts of the absorption coefficient dispersion curve for the different sample thicknesses enabled the determination of the optical band gap Eg. Also, in view of the range of the values of the absorption coefficients for all three glasses, it was possible to determine the Urbach slope Ee, the width of the tails in the localized states of the optical gap. The results of the refractive index measurement were treated using the Wemple di‐Domenico dispersion analysis. Among the others, the effective oscillator energy E0 and the strength parameter of interband optical transitions Ed were determined, the latter being of special importance as it establishes the link with the other physical parameters of the material. In this way, it was possible to estimate the coordination number in the investigated glasses, which enabled the derivation of certain conclusions about the lattice modification caused by introducing Bi into the arsenic‐sulfide matrix (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Upscale feedback of high‐frequency winds to ENSO
Authors: Rong Xinyao , Zhang Renhe , Li Tim , Su Jingzhi 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe impact of the high‐frequency (HF, <90 days) variability on low‐frequency (LF) interannual sea surface temperature (SST) variations associated with the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is investigated by conducting a series of oceanic general circulation model experiments. Two nonlinear rectification mechanisms are examined. The first is the internal oceanic nonlinear dynamics and the second is the nonlinear rectification of the LF surface wind stress by the HF wind. Numerical simulations show that the latter is dominant in modulating the LF SST variability. The HF wind increases both the amplitude and skewness of the LF wind stress anomaly. As a result, it increases both the amplitude and skewness of the SST anomaly (SSTA) in the eastern equatorial Pacific. For strong El Niño events in 1982/83 and 1997/98, such a nonlinear rectification effect may result in a SSTA increase of 1°C. A mixed‐layer heat budget analysis reveals that whereas meridional and vertical advections primarily contribute to the strengthening of the warm and cold episodes, the nonlinear zonal advection is responsible for the increase of the SSTA skewness. Including the nonlinear rectification of the HF wind on both the surface wind stress and heat flux anomalies leads to a positively (negatively) skewed SSTA in the eastern (central) Pacific. Thus the combined dynamic and thermodynamic effect reshapes the ENSO zonal structure in such a way that it makes the maximum SSTA confined further to the eastern equatorial Pacific. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Structural and energetic exploration of a boron‐rich sulfide cluster B6S
Authors: Tang Xiao‐Yu , Cui Zhong‐Hua , Shao Chang‐Bin , Ding Yi‐Hong 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBoron and mixed‐boron clusters have received considerable attention because of their wide applications and their essential roles in advancing chemical bonding models. Bearing the bright prospects as building blocks to form novel polymeric materials, the sulfur‐rich boron sulfides have been greatly studied. However, the knowledge of the boron‐rich boron sulfides is much rare. In this article, we report an extensive theoretical study on the structural, energetic, and stability features of a hitherto unknown septa‐atomic cluster B6S at the CCSD(T)/6‐311+G(2df)//B3LYP/6‐311+G(d) level. The local minimum isomers were obtained through our recently developed program “grid‐based comprehensive isomeric search algorithm.” The results show that the planar knife‐like isomer B5(−BS) 01 (0.0 kcal/mol) containing the −BS moiety is the lowest energy, followed by the quasi‐planar belt‐like isomer B6(>S) 02 (6.7 kcal/mol) and the pyramid‐like isomer B6(>S) 03 (8.4 kcal/mol). Notably, the three singlet isomers all have good kinetic stability on the basis of the potential energy surface analysis. The B/S‐centered wheel‐like isomers are unfavorable in thermodynamics and kinetics. The triplet state structures generally can not compete with the singlet ones. The results are compared to the analogous and isoelectronic cluster B6O. Our work is expected to provide useful information for understanding the structures and stability of boron sulfides. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2012
Recursive kernel trick for network segmentation
Authors: Kung S. Y. , Luo Yuhui 
Published: May 2011

SUMMARYKernel K‐means has been a powerful unsupervised machine learning tool for cluster discovery. This paper explores its application towards network segmentation, a type of cluster discovery. Very commonly we encounter networks of extremely large size, making computational complexity a major issue in the algorithmic development. In this regard, the sparse structure of kernel matrices can be an invaluable asset. For partitioning nonvectorial data such as network graphs, we need to use a vector‐free clustering criterion for K‐means. The kernel matrix constructed from nonvectorial data usually needs to be preprocessed to assure Mercer's condition, which is required to guarantee monotonic convergence of the kernel K‐means algorithm. This paper describes a centroid‐free criterion for K‐means so that it can be applied to nonvectorial data such as network segmentation. Such a criterion leads to our introduction of pattern‐centroid similarity which ultimately leads to a kernel trick algorithm based on updating of the pattern‐centroid similarity. Furthermore, by adopting a recursive updating scheme, the recursive kernel‐trick allows a computational saving from O(N2/K) to O(N). For networks with high sparsity structure, the amount of computation required can be further reduced from O(N) to O(Ns), where Ns is the average number of nonzero elements per column in the kernel matrix. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fuzzy methodology for frequency response estimation of uncertain dynamic systems
Authors: Ferreira Carlos Cesar Teixeira , Serra Ginalber Luiz de Oliveira 
Published: May 2011

SUMMARYFuzzy frequency response: definition and analysis for uncertain dynamic systems is proposed in this paper. In terms of transfer function, the uncertain dynamic system is partitioned into several linear sub‐models and organized according to Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy representation. The main contribution of this paper is to demonstrate through the proposal of a Theorem that fuzzy frequency response is a boundary in the magnitude and phase Bode plots. Low‐ and high‐frequency analysis of fuzzy dynamic model is obtained by varying the frequency ω from zero to infinity. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.