bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone marrow findings of 23 Korean post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder patients: a single‐center experience
Authors: Cho Min‐Chul , Park Chan‐Jeoung , Huh Jooryung , Chi Hyun‐Sook , Jang Seongsoo , Suh Cheolwon , Lee Kyoo‐Hyung , Lee Je‐Hwan , Seo Jong Jin , Im Ho Joon 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackgroundWork‐up of post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs) often involves bone marrow (BM) examinations. We evaluated 23 transplant patients with PTLDs to investigate incidence of BM involvement and associated morphologic changes as well as prognosis.MethodsWe retrospectively assessed BM findings of 23 transplant patients with PTLDs who had undergone BM staging at Seoul Asan Medical Center from 1994 to 2010.ResultsFour (17%) showed BM involvement of PTLDs, including two pathologically diagnosed with PTLD by liver and skin biopsy and two diagnosed by BM examination. PTLD subtypes in four patients were all monomorphic, with one each having plasma cell myeloma, diffuse large B cell lymphoma, monomorphic B cell lineage, and monomorphic T‐cell lineage. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) in situ hybridization showed 11 of 23 (47.8%) patients were EBV positive, including two patients with BM involvement, one each with plasma cell myeloma and monomorphic T‐cell lineage. Epstein–Barr virus infection was observed in nine of 19 patients (39.1%) without BM involvement or morphologic abnormalities. Mortality rate was higher in patients with than without BM involvement (p = 0.050).ConclusionHigh incidence of BM involvement in patients with PTLD and high mortality rates of these patients suggest BM examination study may be important in diagnosis and staging work‐up of PTLD.
Differential Immunolocalization of Sulfonylurea Receptors in Mouse and Rat Ureters
Authors: Qureshi I. Z. , White S. J. 
Published: June 2012

SummaryThe receptors for sulphonylurea (SURs) are known to be expressed in the mouse kidney, but their expression in the ureter is undefined. Owing to the physiological and pharmacological significance of SURs, the localization of SUR in ureters of adult mice and rats was investigated through immunohistochemistry. Animals were perfused transcardially with 4% paraformaldehyde and tissues were processed for immunohistochemistry using polyclonal antisera against SUR2A and SUR2B (SUR1) receptor proteins. Sections were incubated with primary and secondary antisera and developed with aminoethylcarbazole as a chromogen. A differentiated localized staining pattern of SUR proteins in rat and mouse ureters is demonstrated. In the mouse, immunoreactivity of SUR2A was predominantly confined to the cytoplasmic portion of epithelial cells and blood vessels, with comparatively low‐level staining found in smooth muscle. In contrast, SUR2B (SUR1) immunoreactivity was absent in mouse ureters. In rats, SUR2A immunoreactivity was localized only in the blood vessels, while SUR2B (SUR1) immunoreactivity was localized in the epithelial cell cytoplasm. Tissue specificity of SUR is demonstrated in the two species of rodents and suggests a role of SUR proteins in urinary metabolism pertaining possibly to salt handling and maintenance of the smooth muscle tone.
Successful catheter ablation of incessant atrial tachycardia in pregnancy using three‐dimensional electroanatomical mapping with minimal radiation
Authors: Wu H. , Ling L‐H. , Lee G. , Kistler P. M. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractArrhythmias during pregnancy are not an infrequent problem and present a difficult therapeutic challenge to physicians. Anti‐arrhythmic medication is used with some trepidation given concerns for the unborn foetus. Catheter ablation is typically avoided due to concerns regarding foetal exposure to radiation and delayed until the post‐partum period. With the availability of three‐dimensional mapping systems, catheter ablation may be performed with minimal radiation. We report a pregnant woman who underwent successful ablation of focal atrial tachycardia using three‐dimensional electroanatomical mapping with minimal radiation exposure.
Auditory nerve fibre responses in the ferret
Authors: Sumner Christian J. , Palmer Alan R. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe ferret (Mustela putorius) is a medium‐sized, carnivorous mammal with good low‐frequency hearing; it is relatively easy to train, and there is therefore a good body of behavioural data detailing its detection thresholds and localization abilities. However, despite extensive studies of the physiology of the central nervous system of the ferret, even extending to the prefrontal cortex, little is known of the functioning of the auditory periphery. Here, we provide an insight into this peripheral function by detailing responses of single auditory nerve fibres. Our expectation was that the ferret auditory nerve responsiveness would be similar that of its near relative, the cat. However, by comparing a range of variables (the frequency tuning, the variation of rate–level functions with spontaneous rate, and the high‐frequency cut‐off of phase locking) across several species, we show that the auditory nerve (and hence cochlea) in the ferret is more similar to that of the guinea‐pig and chinchilla than to that of the cat. Animal models of hearing are often chosen on the basis of the similarity of their audiogram to that of the human, particularly in the low‐frequency region. We show here that whereas the ferret hears well at low frequencies, this is likely to occur via fibres with higher characteristic frequencies. These qualitative differences in response characteristics in auditory nerve fibres are important in interpreting data across all of auditory science, as it has been argued recently that tuning in animals is broader than in humans.
Increases of corticospinal excitability in self‐related processing
Authors: Salerno Silvia , Zamagni Elisa , Urquizar Christian , Salemme Romeo , Farnè Alessandro , Frassinetti Francesca 
Published: June 2012

AbstractInvolvement of fronto‐parietal structures within the right hemisphere in bodily self recognition has gained convergent support from behavioural, neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies. Increases in corticospinal excitability via transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) also testify to right hemisphere self‐related processing. However, evidence for self‐dependent modulations of motor excitability is limited to the processing of face‐related information that, by definition, conveys someone’s identity. Here we tested the hypothesis that vision of one’s own hand, as compared with vision of somebody else’s hand, would also engage specific self‐hand processing in the right hemisphere. Healthy participants were submitted to a classic TMS paradigm to assess changes in corticospinal excitability of the right (Experiment 1) and left (Experiment 2) motor cortex, while viewing pictures of a (contralateral) still hand, which could either be their own (Self) or not (Other). As a control for body selectivity, subjects were also presented with pictures of a hand‐related, but non‐corporeal object, i.e. a mobile phone, which could similarly be their own or not. Results showed a selective right hemisphere increase in corticospinal excitability with self‐hand and self‐phone stimuli with respect to Other stimuli. Such a Self vs. Other modulation of primary motor cortex appeared at 600 ms and was maintained at 900 ms, but was not present at earlier timings (100 and 300 ms) and was completely absent following stimulation of the left hemisphere. A similar pattern observed for self‐hand and self‐phone stimuli suggests that owned hands and objects may undergo similar self‐processing, possibly via a different cortical network from that responsible for self‐face processing.
Differential modulation of motor cortex excitability in BDNF Met allele carriers following experimentally induced and use‐dependent plasticity
Authors: Cirillo John , Hughes James , Ridding Michael , Thomas Paul Q. , Semmler John G. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate how healthy young subjects with one of three variants of the brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene modulate motor cortex excitability following experimentally induced and use‐dependent plasticity interventions. Electromyographic recordings were obtained from the right first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle of 12 Val/Val, ten Val/Met and seven Met/Met genotypes (aged 18–39 years). Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the left hemisphere was used to assess changes in FDI motor‐evoked potentials (MEPs) following three separate interventions involving paired associative stimulation, a simple ballistic task and complex visuomotor tracking task using the index finger. Val/Val subjects increased FDI MEPs following all interventions (≥ 25%, P < 0.01), whereas the Met allele carriers only showed increased MEPs after the simple motor task (≥ 26%, P < 0.01). In contrast to the simple motor task, there was no significant change in MEPs for the Val/Met subjects (7%, P = 0.50) and a reduction in MEPs for the Met/Met group (−38%, P < 0.01) following the complex motor task. Despite these differences in use‐dependent plasticity, the performance of both motor tasks was not different between BDNF genotypes. We conclude that modulation of motor cortex excitability is strongly influenced by the BDNF polymorphism, with the greatest differences observed for the complex motor task. We also found unique motor cortex plasticity in the rarest form of the BDNF polymorphism (Met/Met subjects), which may have implications for functional recovery after disease or injury to the nervous system in these individuals.
A randomized controlled trial comparing the AccuVein AV300 device to standard insertion technique for intravenous cannulation of anesthetized children
Authors: Kaddoum Roland N. , Anghelescu Doralina L. , Parish Mary E. , Wright Becky B. , Trujillo Luis , Wu Jianrong , Wu Yanan , Burgoyne Laura L. 
Published: June 2012

SummaryObjectives and Aims:  To evaluate the efficacy of the AccuVein AV300 device in improving the first‐time success rate of intravenous cannulation of anesthetized pediatric patients.Background:  The AccuVein AV300 device was developed to assist venepuncture and intravenous cannulation by enhancing the visibility of superficial veins. It uses infrared light to highlight hemoglobin so that blood vessels are darkly delineated against a red background.Methods/Materials:  Patients were randomized to cannulation with the AccuVein AV300 device or standard insertion by experienced pediatric anesthesiologists. An observer recorded the number of skin punctures and cannulation attempts required, and the time between tourniquet application and successful cannulation or four skin punctures, whichever came first.Results and Conclusions:  There were 146 patients with a median age of 4.6 years (range, 0.18–17.1 years), 46.6% were male, 80.8% were light skin colored, and 15.7% were younger than 2 years. The first‐attempt success rates were 75% (95% CI, 63.8–84.2%) using AV300 and 73% (95% CI, 61.9–81.9%) using the standard method (P = 0.85). Patients with dark or medium skin color were 0.38 times less likely to have a successful first attempt than patients with light skin color. The difference between the two treatment groups in number of skin punctures and the time to insertion was not significant. Although the AV300 was easy to use and improved visualization of the veins, we found no evidence that it was superior to the standard method of intravenous cannulation in unselected pediatric patients under anesthesia.
Identifying the sister group to the bees: a molecular phylogeny of Aculeata with an emphasis on the superfamily Apoidea
Authors: Debevec Andrew H. , Cardinal Sophie , Danforth Bryan N. 
Published: June 2012

Debevec, AH., Cardinal, S & Danforth, BN. Identifying the sister group to the bees: a molecular phylogeny of Aculeata with an emphasis on the superfamily Apoidea. —Zoologica Scripta, 41, 527–535.The hymenopteran superfamily Apoidea includes the bees (Anthophila) as well as four predatory wasp families (Heterogynaidae, Ampulicidae, Sphecidae and Crabronidae) collectively referred to as the “sphecoid” or “apoid” wasps. The most widely cited studies suggest that bees are sister to the wasp family Crabronidae, but alternative hypotheses have been proposed based on both morphological and molecular data. We combined DNA sequence data from previously published studies and newly generated data for four nuclear genes (28S, long‐wavelength rhodopsin, elongation factor‐1α and wingless) to identify the likely sister group to the bees. Analysis of our four‐gene data set by maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods indicates that bees most likely arise from within a paraphyletic Crabronidae. Possible sister groups to the bees include Philanthinae, Pemphredoninae or Philanthinae + Pemphredoninae. We used Bayesian methods to explore the robustness of our results. Bayes Factor tests strongly rejected the hypotheses of crabronid monophyly as well as placement of Heterogynaidae within Crabronidae. Our results were also stable to alternative rootings of the bees. These findings provide additional support for the hypothesis that bees arise from within Crabronidae, rather than being sister to Crabronidae, thus altering our understanding of bee ancestry and evolutionary history.
The effect of clinical trial participation versus non‐participation on overall survival in men receiving first‐line docetaxel‐containing chemotherapy for metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Goyal Jatinder , Nuhn Philipp , Huang Peng , Tyagi Prachi , Oh Daniel , Carducci Michael A. , Eisenberger Mario A. , Antonarakis Emmanuel S. 
Published: June 2012

Study Type – Prognosis (case series)Level of Evidence 4What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Previous studies have reported better outcomes in cancer patients that enrolled in clinical trials, suggesting that trial participation in itself might be beneficial.We investigated the potential positive effect of clinical trial participation on survival outcomes of patients with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer who were treated with first‐line docetaxel‐containing chemotherapy. After accounting for potential baseline inequalities, participation in a clinical trial itself was associated with significantly longer overall survival in these patients.OBJECTIVE
To study differences in baseline characteristics and outcomes of patients with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) receiving first‐line docetaxel‐containing chemotherapy on prospective clinical studies (trial participants) versus those receiving this therapy outside of a clinical study (non‐participants).
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Records from 247 consecutive chemotherapy‐naive patients who were treated with docetaxel‐containing chemotherapy for mCRPC at a single high‐volume centre from 1998 to 2010 were reviewed.
All patients received docetaxel either as clinical trial participants (n= 142; 11 separate studies) or as non‐participants (n= 105).
Univariable and multivariable Cox regression models predicted overall survival after chemotherapy initiation.
RESULTS
There was no significant difference between trial participation and non‐participation with respect to patient age, type of primary treatment, tumour grade or clinical stage.
Multivariable analyses showed a significantly lower risk of all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio 0.567; P= 0.027) among trial participants vs non‐participants.
CONCLUSIONS
Patients that were treated with docetaxel for mCRPC showed a significantly longer overall survival when enrolled in a clinical trial.
Improved survival in trial participants may reflect the better medical oversight typically seen in patients enrolled in trials, more regimented follow‐up schedules, or a positive effect on caregivers' attitudes because of greater contact with medical services.
With the retrospective nature of this analysis and the small study population, prospective studies are needed to validate the present findings and to further investigate the relationship between clinical trial participation and outcomes.
Generalized Swept Mid‐structure for Polygonal Models
Authors: Martin Tobias , Chen Guoning , Musuvathy Suraj , Cohen Elaine , Hansen Charles 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe introduce a novel mid‐structure called the generalized swept mid‐structure (GSM) of a closed polygonal shape, and a framework to compute it. The GSM contains both curve and surface elements and has consistent sheet‐by‐sheet topology, versus triangle‐by‐triangle topology produced by other mid‐structure methods. To obtain this structure, a harmonic function, defined on the volume that is enclosed by the surface, is used to decompose the volume into a set of slices. A technique for computing the 1D mid‐structures of these slices is introduced. The mid‐structures of adjacent slices are then iteratively matched through a boundary similarity computation and triangulated to form the GSM. This structure respects the topology of the input surface model is a hybrid mid‐structure representation. The construction and topology of the GSM allows for local and global simplification, used in further applications such as parameterization, volumetric mesh generation and medical applications.
Explicit Mesh Surfaces for Particle Based Fluids
Authors: Yu Jihun , Wojtan Chris , Turk Greg , Yap Chee 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe introduce the idea of using an explicit triangle mesh to track the air/fluid interface in a smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulator. Once an initial surface mesh is created, this mesh is carried forward in time using nearby particle velocities to advect the mesh vertices. The mesh connectivity remains mostly unchanged across time‐steps; it is only modified locally for topology change events or for the improvement of triangle quality. In order to ensure that the surface mesh does not diverge from the underlying particle simulation, we periodically project the mesh surface onto an implicit surface defined by the physics simulation. The mesh surface gives us several advantages over previous SPH surface tracking techniques. We demonstrate a new method for surface tension calculations that clearly outperforms the state of the art in SPH surface tension for computer graphics. We also demonstrate a method for tracking detailed surface information (like colors) that is less susceptible to numerical diffusion than competing techniques. Finally, our temporally‐coherent surface mesh allows us to simulate high‐resolution surface wave dynamics without being limited by the particle resolution of the SPH simulation.
The Emergence of Rural Support Organisations in the UK and Canada: Providing Support for Patrilineal Family Farming
Authors: Price Linda 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA certain type of rural support has emerged since agricultural restructuring of the 1980s. The article draws on research from the UK and Canada to suggest that support in both countries is derived from a patrilineal culture that still dominates family farming in both countries. Such a way of life, it is argued, involves the majority of farming men and women across generations working increasingly hard to ensure farm survival in order to facilitate an overall pattern of farm succession via the male or ‘patrilineal’ line. The article begins by providing a conceptualisation of patrilineal family farming drawing on insights from gender‐informed work on farming identities, political‐economy approaches from agricultural geography and the cultural turn in rural studies. This section will provide theoretical direction for discussion of the research findings. Here the article presents a discussion of the context to and typologies of organisations that emerged and five key findings derived from research conducted with members of the organisations in the UK and Canada. This assists in developing the argument that the emergent organisations are responding to and supporting this way of life and highlights some of the potential implications of doing so. The article has two aims. Firstly, it suggests that family farming in the UK and Canada continues to be predominantly structured by a way of life transmitted across generations which has the overall prerequisite of maintaining farm survival to enable patrilineal succession. Secondly, it suggests that a particular type of support for farming families emerged as a response to perceived threats to this way of life and provides evidence of its enduring nature.
Lateral distribution of Merkel cell carcinoma in a nationwide cohort
Authors: Koljonen V. , Kluger N. , Sihto H. , Böhling T. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackground The asymmetric laterality of UV‐linked skin cancer, including melanoma and non‐ melanoma skin cancers has been identified. However, there seems to be a paucity in the data correlating the laterality and presence of Merkel cell polyoma virus (MCPyV) DNA as an aetiological factor for this phenomenon.Objective To study the laterality in Finnish primary Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) patients, and compare statistically clinicopathological variables with lateral distribution.Methods Data on 171 primary MCC patients and tumour characteristics; and the presence of MCPyV DNA or large T antigen in the tumour tissue, MCPyV copy number and MCC specific mortality were compared statistically against left, right or midline presentation.Results Fiftysix percentage of tumours presented on the left, 37% on the right and 7% in the midline. Excluding the latter category, the left‐sided excess was 60%. The excess of left‐sided tumours was noted in head and neck with left‐right ratio 3.22, face 1.5, forearm and hand 4.0 and the leg and foot 2.4. On the trunk, tumours occurred equally on both sides. Statistically significant difference was noted for smaller midline tumours (P < 0.0065). Left‐sided tumours associated with lower median Merkel cell polyoma virus copy number (P < 0.042) although the trend vanished when comparing the groups separately.Conclusion We confirmed left‐sided asymmetry in MCC distribution. In areas commonly hidden form solar exposure, the occurrence was symmetrical. Detailed aetiology of these findings remains unclear, plausible explanations include biology of viral associated tumours or alterations in Nodal transcription factor pathway.
Evolution and development of the vertebrate neck
Authors: Ericsson Rolf , Knight Robert , Johanson Zerina 
Published: June 2012

AbstractMuscles of the vertebrate neck include the cucullaris and hypobranchials. Although a functional neck first evolved in the lobe‐finned fishes (Sarcopterygii) with the separation of the pectoral/shoulder girdle from the skull, the neck muscles themselves have a much earlier origin among the vertebrates. For example, lampreys possess hypobranchial muscles, and may also possess the cucullaris. Recent research in chick has established that these two muscles groups have different origins, the hypobranchial muscles having a somitic origin but the cucullaris muscle deriving from anterior lateral plate mesoderm associated with somites 1–3. Additionally, the cucullaris utilizes genetic pathways more similar to the head than the trunk musculature. Although the latter results are from experiments in the chick, cucullaris homologues occur in a variety of more basal vertebrates such as the sharks and zebrafish. Data are urgently needed from these taxa to determine whether the cucullaris in these groups also derives from lateral plate mesoderm or from the anterior somites, and whether the former or the latter represent the basal vertebrate condition. Other lateral plate mesoderm derivatives include the appendicular skeleton (fins, limbs and supporting girdles). If the cucullaris is a definitive lateral plate‐derived structure it may have evolved in conjunction with the shoulder/limb skeleton in vertebrates and thereby provided a greater degree of flexibility to the heads of predatory vertebrates.