bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Subgrade Efficiency with Industrial Ash &amp; Geotextile Combinations for Economical Pavement Solutions
Authors: Rusia Saket , Rathi Aanchal , Verma Aniket , Baranwal Ankit , Verma Sandhya 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The effectiveness of a pavement relies heavily on the characteristics of the soil subgrade, as it works as the foundation for the entire pavement structure. For that reason, subgrade has to hold sufficient stability under adverse climatic and loading conditions. This project mainly focuses on investigating the engineering properties of soil with varying compositions of geotextile sheets, industrial waste rice husk ash, and fly ash to further increase the bearing capacity of soil. The current study was organized in two phases. Initially, the impact of varying proportions of rice husk ash (RHA) (2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10%), similarly for fly ash (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%), and geotextile layers positioned at varying depths were examined independently to check their individual effects on soil stability. After that, to determine the ideal quantity that can be utilized for soil stabilization and improvement, the rice husk ash and fly ash are mixed along with the geotextile sheets as reinforcement with the soil sample. In our study, the proctor test is carried out on the samples of RHA and fly ash to find out their maximum dry density (MDD) and optimum moisture content (OMC). Then the samples of RHA and fly ash are together compacted to their MDD at the optimum moisture content, with or without reinforcement of geotextile sheets in the CBR mould. The prime focus of the research is to contribute the supporting outcomes to building guidelines for rural roads; thus, soaked and unsoaked CBR with light compaction methodology have been opted for. More than 50 samples have been tested. Geotextile sheets obtained from a reputed industrial outlet that match the size of the CBR mould are laid in separate preparations of different layers at various depths in the CBR mould. After each arrangement, the CBR values are assessed in the lab and compared with the CBR values of unmodified soil samples. At the end of our study, it was concluded that the soaked and unsoaked CBR values increased by up to 73.89% and 60.50%, respectively, when 15% fly ash, 5% RHA, and 80% soil were combined with various layers of geotextile sheets. The characteristics of the soil can be improved, and the thickness of the subgrade layer can be decreased by 25%, by interposing the geotextile sheets between the subgrade layers, resulting in a more affordable pavement. This means that the mixing of these materials with clayey sand soil is capable of improving their engineering properties, such as increasing their bearing capacity, reducing their plasticity, and enhancing their durability. MORTH has suggested wide use of geotextiles, but the need to incorporate their use along with industrial waste on Rural roads while following current MORD guidelines is still a pressing research topic. Research outcomes made it a great way to optimize the performance of clayey-sand soil for construction purposes.
The prognostic risk model of ESCA patients was constructed based on intercellular-related genes
Authors: Cao Wei , Jin Dacheng , Min Weirun , Li Haochi , Wang Rong , Zhang Jinlong , Gou Yunjiu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Esophageal cancer is a serious malignant tumor disease. Radiotherapy is the standard treatment, but treatment tolerance often leads to failure. Cell-in-cell are observed in a variety of tumors and have been shown to correlate with prognosis. Therefore, it is particularly important to study the prognostic value and regulatory mechanism of intracellular structure-related genes in esophageal cancer.
Methods
TCGA Esophageal Cancer (ESCA) was included in the analysis as the training set. The differentially expressed genes in ESCA samples in the training set were analyzed, and the differentially expressed intercellular-related genes were recorded as CIC-related DEGs. Cox analysis was used to screen prognostic genes. Samples were divided into high-low-risk groups according to the median value of the ESCA sample risk score. Validation was performed in the risk model GSE53624. Morphological mapping, enrichment analysis, immune infiltration analysis, prognostic gene expression verification, molecular docking, and RT-PCR verification were established.
Results
A total of 38 intersection genes were obtained between the disease group and the normal group of ESCA samples. After stepwise multivariate COX analysis, three prognostic genes (AR, CXCL8, EGFR) were selected. The applicability of the risk model was verified in the GSE53624 dataset. The analysis revealed eight significantly different immune-related gene sets. The prognostic gene expression validation found that the prognostic genes reached significant differences between the disease group and the normal group in both datasets. The corresponding proteins of the three prognostic genes all interacted with Gefitinib and osimertinib. The results of PCR confirmed the differential expression of prognostic genes in esophageal cancer tissues.
Conclusions
Three prognostic genes, AR, CXCL8, and EGFR, were obtained in this study, and the molecular docking of prognostic genes with Gefitinib and osimertinib showed that there were interactions between them, which provided a basis for the diagnosis and treatment of ESCA.
Stigmasterol inhibits the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma by modulating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: Yu Chun , Ma Yanhua 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Purpose
This study employs molecular docking and in vitro experiments to investigate the regulatory mechanism of stigmasterol on the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Methods
Molecular docking with the AutoDock program investigated stigmasterol's binding affinity with TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB. Its impact on proliferation and migration was assessed via CCK8, wound healing, and Transwell assays, while clonogenicity was determined through clonogenic formation experiments. Apoptosis and cell cycle were examined using flow cytometry. Western blot analysis evaluated TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB protein expression post-stigmasterol treatment
Results
Molecular docking revealed favorable binding conformations of stigmasterol with TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB. stigmasterol exhibited inhibitory effects on proliferation, migration, invasion, and clonogenicity of hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro. Additionally, it promoted apoptosis, suppressed the cell cycle, and reduced the protein expression of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.
Conclusion
stigmasterol suppresses the activity of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by modulating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.
Transcriptional analysis of Camellia huana under low-phosphorus-induced stress
Authors: Wu Fan , Xia Lang , Xie Xin , Zhang Yue , Pan Biyin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

To explore the molecular mechanism underlying the response of Camellia huana to low-phosphorus stress, transcriptome sequencing was carried out, and the genome-wide responses of plants under different durations (0 days, 15 days, and 30 days) of low-phosphorus stress were analyzed. The sequencing results were validated by qRT‒PCR and analyses of related physiological and biochemical parameters. Compared with those in the control group (CK, 0 days), 426/802 and 861/1678 genes were up- and downregulated in the 15 day (15D) and 30 day (30D) groups. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed sugar and energy metabolism, cytomembrane lipid metabolism and hormone metabolism pathways were enriched in most of these differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The expression levels of genes involved in sugar metabolism, except for AGP (ADP pyrophosphorylase) and GBSS (granule-bound starch synthase), generally increased, especially those of β-amylase and SP, indicating that the starch source of Camellia huana under low-phosphorus stress mainly depended on SP-catalyzed G-1-P. The expression of genes involved in the EMP pathway and photosynthesis was generally inhibited. Low-phosphorus-induced stress strongly affected cytomembrane lipid metabolism, resulting in the downregulation of genes involved in phospholipid metabolism and the upregulation of genes involved in sulfur lipid metabolism. Finally, stress induced the expression of genes involved in the ethylene (ETH) synthesis pathway and inhibited the expression of genes involved in auxin, abscisic acid (ABA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) synthesis. The qRT‒PCR results were consistent with the transcriptome sequencing results. Physiological and biochemical index analyses revealed that the levels of ATP and soluble sugars decreased gradually, while those of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase, catalase (CAT) and plant chlorophyll increased. The levels of ABA and ETH gradually increased, while those of indoleacetic acid (IAA) and MeJA decreased. The physiological and biochemical parameter analysis results were similar to those of RNA-seq and qRT‒PCR. This study investigated the molecular mechanism underlying the response of Camellia huana to low-phosphorus-induced stress and provided a theoretical basis for the subsequent widespread planting of Camellia huana in low-phosphorus soil.
Keywords Camellia huana; Low-phosphorous stress; Transcriptional sequencing; qRT‒PCR; Physiological and biochemical detection
FPGA Implementation of CNN Based DepthEstimation Network: MiDaSNet
Authors: Adiyaman Muhammed Yasin , Baskaya Ismail Faik 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Real-time depth estimation is crucial in many vision-related tasks, including autonomous driving, 3D reconstruction, and SLAM applications. In recent years, many methods have been proposed to solve depth maps from images by utilizing different modality setups like monocular vision, binocular vision, or sensor fusion. However, for real-time deployment on edge devices, complex methods are not suitable due to latency constraints and the limited computation capacity. For edge implementation, the models should be simple, minimal in size, and also hardware-friendly. Considering these factors, we implemented MiDaSNet, which works on the simplest setup of monocular vision and utilizes hardware-friendly CNN-based architecture, for real-time depth estimation on the edge. Besides, since the model is trained on diverse datasets, it shows stable performance across different mediums. For edge implementation, we quantized the model weights down to an 8-bit fixed-point representation. Then, we deployed the quantized model on an inexpensive FPGA card, Kria KV260, utilizing predefined deep-learning processing units embedded in the programmable logic. The results show that our quantized model achieves 82.6% zero-shot accuracy on the NYUv2 dataset with 50.7 fps inference speed on the card.
Digital engagement and telehealth coaching intervention provides physical and mental health improvements for cancer patients: Results from a PROMIS-10 evaluation
Authors: Lewis Joanne , Wang Shen , Atkins Timothy , Irwin Scott A. , Sangar Davinder , Mackenzie Lynette , Ganesh Raghav Murali 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Purpose: People with cancer have unmet needs during the acute and survivorship phases of treatment and rehabilitation, which negatively impact both their ability to perform everyday tasks and their quality of life. Cancer Coach by Osara Health™️ addresses the holistic needs of people with cancer through telehealth coaching supported by a mobile application and digital participant engagement platform. This study evaluated the impact of the Cancer Coach by Osara Health™️ on the mental and physical health of people with cancer.
Methods: Telephone surveys administered at the start and completion of the program measured global physical, mental and social health, using the Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System 10 - Question Short Form - Global Health (PROMIS-10). Pre- and post-scores were compared using Wilcoxon Signed Rank Tests to assess for significant difference between pre and post PROMIS-10 scores.
Results: There were significant improvements in Global Physical Health, z=-4.966, p=<0.001, with more than a moderate effect size of r=0.37 and Global Mental Health, z=-4.533, p<0.01, with more than a moderate effect size of r=0.34 after the intervention. A significant number of participants improved their mental health scores from ‘good’ to ‘very good’ after the program.
Conclusion: Participants demonstrated significant improvements in physical and mental health after participating in the Cancer Coach by Osara Health™️ intervention.
Implications for Cancer Survivors: Digital engagement interventions for people with cancer, supported by health coaching, can improve emotional and mental health as well as physical well-being.
Design of a gold-nanowire embedded PCF for magnetic field and temperature sensing
Authors: Liu Jiayuan , Dong Jie , Hou Shanglin , Liu Qingmin , Xie Caijian , Wu Gang , Yan Zuyong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

A photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensor comprises two sensing channels for magnetic field and temperature measurements is proposed. In order to make the SPR detection of magnetic field and temperature effectively, the two sensing channels of the proposed sensor are embedded with gold nanowires and filled with Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and magnetic fluid (MF), respectively. Additionally, this configuration simplifies the fabrication process and eliminate some problems when plasmonic material is deposited in inner or outer surface of PCF. The performance of the sensor is numerically investigated by the finite element method (FEM). The optimal structural parameters have been determined by analyzing the loss curves and energy of the y-polarized code mode ultimately. Furthermore, the sensitivity is not particularly sensitive to the sizes of the cladding air holes, indicating high fault tolerance. The simulation results reveal the maximum magnetic field sensitivity is 238.4 pm/Oe at the magnetic field of 30–300 Oe, and temperature sensitivity is -1043.6 pm/°C at the temperature of -20-40°C. Given its low fabrication complexity and extensive detection range, this PCF-SPR sensor has potential applications in geological exploration, marine environment monitoring and other fields, especially suitable for detection of magnetic signals in low temperature environment.
Caputo-Fabrizio Fractional Order Epidemiological Model of Tuberculosis Transmission along with Imperfect Vaccination, Exogenous Reinfection and Endogenous Reactivation
Authors: Nandi Tanni Rani , Saha Amit Kumar , Roy Sudharonjon 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

This study has been carried out on the dynamics of tuberculosis (TB) transmission considering vaccination, endogenous re-activation of the dormant infection, and exogenous re-infection. We can comprehend the behavior of TB under the influence of vaccination from this article. The theoretical analysis demonstrates that the disease-free equilibrium point is locally asymptotically stable and the fractional order system is Ulam-Hyers type stable. We compute the vaccination reproduction number (R_v) as well as the basic reproduction number (R_0) using the next-generation matrix (NGM) approach. Our findings indicate that vaccinating a limited segment of the population can effectively eradicate the disease. The Adams–Bashforth 3-step method has been used to obtain the numerical solution of our model. The numerical simulations presented at the end of this study show that vaccination can reduce the number of susceptible and infectious individuals in the population. Moreover, the graphical representations illustrate that the number of infected individuals rises due to both exogenous reinfection and endogenous reactivation.
The natural history of ductal carcinoma in situ: development, validation, and estimated outcomes of the SimDCIS model
Authors: Poelhekken Keris , Dorrius Monique D. , Dibden Amanda , Duffy Stephen W. , Vegt Bert van der , de Bock Geertruida H. , Greuter Marcel J.W. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background: To develop a novel simulation model for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), fully validate it, and provide new estimates for DCIS in the setting of population-based biennial screening.
Methods: A micro-simulation Markov model for DCIS (SimDCIS) was developed. Input parameters were independently derived from literature and transition parameters were age- and grade-dependent. The model was applied to the Dutch biennial screening program. SimDCIS was internally, cross, and externally validated by comparison of the model output to data from the Netherlands Cancer Registry, a previously published modelling study on the United Kingdom (UK) Frequency Trial, and the UK screening program, respectively. Univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to estimate uncertainty. DCIS regression, progression to invasive breast cancer (IBC), clinical detection, and screen-detection were estimated in the Dutch screening setting.
Results: SimDCIS excellently matched observed data in internal, external, and cross validation. The model was most sensitive to changes in DCIS onset probability, and the maximum variation in the screen-detection rate was 11%. In the Dutch screening setting, DCIS regression, progression to IBC, clinical detection, and screen-detection was estimated at 7% (0-14%), 19% (15-24%), 7% (0-14%), and 63% (58-68%), respectively. Grade distribution was 20% grade 1, 38% grade 2, and 42% grade 3.
Conclusion: SimDCIS provides strong predictive accuracy across validation methods and is particularly sensitive to changes in DCIS onset probability. Most DCIS will be found through screening, of which less than 50% of DCIS will be grade 3, less than 1 in 10 will regress, and only 1 out of 5 DCIS will progress to IBC in the setting of biennial screening.
Prevalence and predictors of hypertension in children and adolescents: Results of National Survey of Iranian Children and Adolescents
Authors: Ahmadi Nastaran , Mirzaei Masoud , Hosseini Seyed Mostafa Seyed , Bafghi Seyed Mahmood Sadr , Askari Maryam , Mehrparvar Amir Houshang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Hypertension (HTN) is a silent killer and preventable non-communicable diseases. The aim of this study was to investigating prevalence and predictors of HTN in children and adolescents. This cross sectional study was conducted on 1035 children and adults aged 6 to 18 years old who lived in Yazd in Iran.Data was analyzed using SPSS 20 software, Microsoft excel 2013 and STATA version 14. Chi-square test was used to calculating the prevalence of HTN and binary logistic regression (BLR) was used to modeling. The results of our study showed that; the prevalence of HTN was 17.4% (15.87–20.79) in total participants, 16.9(13.56 ± 20.64) in boys and 17.8(14.75–21.15) in girls. HTN was significantly associated with age 10–14 years (OR = 1.61 (95% CI:1.02–2.55)), age 15–18 years (0.54(0.29–0.99)) diabetes (8.87(1.02–76.66)), LDL (1.89(1.01–3.52)), father education (Grad. Diploma) (2.16 (95% CI:1.06–4.41)) and mother Education (high school Diploma) (0.33(0.17–0.62)). Our study showed that the prevalence of hypertension was high in students 5–6 years old. HTN was significantly associated with age, diabetes, LDL, parental education level.
Motivational factors influencing participation in mass running events: a comparative study of females and males runners with disabilities
Authors: Koper Magdalena , Rozmiarek Mateusz , Poczta Joanna , Malchrowicz-Mośko Ewa , Tasiemski Tomasz 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
While the motivations of individuals without impairments for participating in mass running events are well-documented, there is a lack of current research exploring why people with physical disabilities engage in these events. This study aims to identify the motives for participation among people with physical disabilities, taking into account factors such as sex, age (emerging adults vs. middle-aged adults), time since injury or illness, and type of movement during a mass running events (wheelchair vs. standing).
Methods
In total, 119 runners (51.3% male; mean age of 36 years) completed the Polish version of the Motivations of Marathoners Scale questionnaire. The study was carried out using the diagnostic survey method. Online survey forms were sent to 31 organizations from the Greater Poland region, including sports clubs for individuals with disabilities and runners’ clubs open to both individuals with and without disabilities.
Results
This study uncovered distinct motivational differences based on age and category of runner. For participants aged under 35 compared to those over 35, significant differences were noted in the motives of recognition (Z = − 2.834, p = 0.005) and affiliation (Z = − 2.534, p = 0.011). Similarly, when comparing wheelchair users with standing runners, notable disparities were observed in motives related to weight (Z = − 5.109, p = < 0.001) and personal goal achievement (Z = − 2.613, p = 0.009). There was also a significant positive relationship between the time since injury or illness and five out of nine subscales of the Motivations of Marathoners Scale (i.e. affiliation: r = 0.256, p = 0.007; recognition: r = 0.239, p = 0.011). The study found no correlation between gender and the motivations of people with physical disabilities for participating in mass running events.
Conclusions
When organizing and promoting running events for people with physical disabilities, it is important to consider factors such as the age of runners, time since injury, severity of disability, and mode of mobility. Additionally, it should be noted that no significant differences are found based on gender, indicating that both male and female participants are driven by similar motivations when it comes to participating in these events.
Rapid rise in the global ocean carbon sink determined from atmospheric oxygen observations
Authors: Kozlova Elena , Manning Andrew , Keeling Ralph , Heimann Martin , Tohjima Yasunori , Zaehle Sönke , Watson Andrew 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The rate of increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) in recent decades is only about half that expected if all anthropogenic emissions had stayed airborne. The “missing” CO2 is absorbed by the oceans and land vegetation1. Of these two sinks for CO2, the ocean sink is considered to be the better constrained2-4. Nevertheless, estimates of ocean uptake, using data products that integrate surface ocean observations5-9, suggest a sink that is larger, and increasing more rapidly since about 2000, than do global ocean models, so that they now disagree substantially1. Here we examine the recent history of the CO2 sinks using atmospheric observations of CO2 and oxygen/nitrogen ratios from globally distributed measurement locations10-12. These provide a robust and independent separation of the ocean and land contributions. This method indicates that the ocean sink increased rapidly through the years 2000-2015, to values consistent with, though generally larger than, the surface-ocean based data products, but inconsistent with models. Since 2015, our results suggest this increase has stalled, but it remains 50% higher than most models predict.