bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Overview of Pharmacotherapy in Premature Ejaculation
Authors: Porst Hartmut 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT

Introduction
With increasing interest and clinical research in male sexual disorders, it has become clear that not only psychological but also organic, neurobiological, and genetic factors may play an important role in premature ejaculation (PE).

Aim
This article provides an overview of the different treatment options both for lifelong (primary, “congenital”) and acquired (secondary) PE.

Methods
Review of the literature.

Main Outcome Measures
Currently used treatment options for PE.

Results
Treatments reviewed include psychological/behavioral/sexual counseling therapy, topical anesthetics, dapoxetine, and other selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), tricyclic antidepressants, and phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors.

Conclusions
Before starting any therapy for PE, correct diagnosis has to be made considering the patient's reported intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT) and the duration and type of PE. Concomitant erectile dysfunction (ED) should be either ruled out or proven by appropriate means. In uncomplicated cases of PE with stable partnerships, medical treatment represents the first-choice option with a high likelihood of success. Dapoxetine, where available, or other SSRIs provide suitable therapeutic options with a good risk/benefit profile for patients. In complicated (“difficult-to-treat”) PE patients, a combination of medication and sexual counseling should be considered the first treatment option. Combination therapies of PDE-5 inhibitors and PE-related medications should be offered to patients suffering from comorbid PE and ED, with ED treatment starting first. In those patients with severe PE—IELTs of &lt;30–60 seconds or anteportal ejaculation—combination therapy of topical and oral medications can be offered and may considerably increase IELT, compared with either monotherapy.
Evidence for Seed Dispersal by Rodents in Tropical Montane Forest in Africa
Authors: Nyiramana Aisha , Mendoza Irene , Kaplin Beth A. , Forget Pierre‐Michel 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTSeed dispersal by rodents has been understudied in Africa. Based on seed‐removal experiments, the presence of seeds in burrows and caches, cotyledon burial of seedlings, and images from camera traps, we provide evidence that rodents (Cricetomys kivuensis) remove and hoard large seeds ofCarapa grandiflorain Nyungwe National Park, Rwanda.
Short and long gamma-ray bursts: same emission mechanism?
Authors: Ghirlanda G. , Ghisellini G. , Nava L. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT
We study the spectral evolution on second and subsecond time-scales in 11 long and 12 short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) with peak flux &gt;8.5 × 10−6 erg cm−2 s (8 keV–35 MeV) detected by the Fermi satellite. The peak flux correlates with the time-averaged peak energy in both classes of bursts. The peak energy evolution, as a function of time, tracks the evolution of the flux on short time-scales in both short and long GRBs. We do not find evidence of a hard-to-soft spectral evolution. While short GRBs have observed peak energies larger than few MeV during most of their evolution, long GRBs can start with a softer peak energy (of few hundreds keV) and become as hard as short ones (i.e. with Eobspeak larger than few MeV) at the peak of their light curve. Six GRBs in our sample have a measured redshift. In these few cases we find that their correlations between the rest frame Epeak and the luminosity Liso are less scattered than their correlations in the observer frame between the peak energy Eobspeak and the flux P. We find that the rest frame Epeak of long bursts can be as high or even larger than that of short GRBs and that short and long GRBs follow the same Epeak(t)–Liso(t) correlation, despite the fact that they likely have different progenitors.
Improved periodontal health and cardiovascular risk
Authors: Rose‐Hill S , Ford PJ , Leishman SJ , Do HL , Palmer JE , Heng NCK , West MJ , Seymour GJ , Cullinan MP 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackground:  Previous studies have demonstrated variable effects on systemic inflammatory and immune responses following improved periodontal health. This study examined changes in serum levels of the inflammatory mediators IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α and sICAM‐1, and antibodies to Porphyromonas gingivalis, human heat shock protein (hHSP) 60 and P. gingivalis GroEL following improvement in periodontal health in high cardiovascular (CV) risk and low CV‐risk patients.Methods:  Patients retrospectively selected from a longitudinal study, had undergone yearly periodontal examinations and peripheral blood collections. They had demonstrated a quantifiable improvement in periodontal health (>60% reduction in number of sites with probing depth ≥4 mm from the baseline visit) and could be classified as either high CV‐risk (≥6 classical risk factors, n = 13) or low CV‐risk (≤1 classical risk factor, n = 14). Serum levels of the cytokines and antibodies were measured using ELISA.Results:  For sICAM‐1 and anti‐P. gingivalis GroEL and anti‐hHSP60 antibodies, most patients recorded decreased levels. Reductions in serum sICAM‐1 levels were more notable in low CV‐risk patients (p = 0.006); and reductions in levels of anti‐P. gingivalis GroEL and anti‐hHSP60 antibodies (p = 0.001 and 0.009 respectively) were more notable in high CV‐risk patients.Conclusions:  This study found that subsequent to improved periodontal health, the anti‐HSP (HSP60 and GroEL) antibody response was reduced, particularly for high CV‐risk patients. sICAM‐1 levels were also lowered, more so for low CV‐risk patients.
Histopathological characteristics of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in children: Comparison with adult cases
Authors: Takahashi Yoshihisa , Inui Ayano , Fujisawa Tomoo , Takikawa Hajime , Fukusato Toshio 
Published: October 2011

Aim:  Non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has been classified pathologically into type 1 (characterized by ballooning and perisinusoidal fibrosis) and type 2 (characterized by portal inflammation and portal fibrosis). Reportedly, type 2 NASH has been the most commonly observed histopathological feature in pediatric non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). While only a few studies have documented the histopathology of pediatric NAFLD so far, appropriate histopathological classification or characteristics of pediatric NAFLD, and the disease incidence correlation with race or ethnicity are still controversial.Methods:  In this study, we compared the clinical and histopathological characteristics of NAFLD in 34 pediatric and 23 adult cases.Results:  We found that pediatric steatosis was more severe than adult steatosis. Perisinusoidal fibrosis was significantly milder in pediatric cases than in adult cases. Lobular inflammation and ballooning was found to be milder in pediatric cases than in adult cases. On the other hand, portal inflammation was more severe in pediatric cases than in adult cases. The so‐called borderline zone 1 NASH, similar to type 2 NASH, was observed in 21% of pediatric subjects; this rate was more than twice that in adult subjects. Fifty percent of pediatric cases showed overlapping features of types 1 and 2 NASH. Intralobular and portal changes showed positive and significant correlations with each other. Serum aminotransferase levels reflected the histopathological severity of NAFLD.Conclusion:  We confirmed that pediatric NAFLD exhibits histopathological features that are different from adult NAFLD. The classification consisting of “type 1 NASH” and “type 2 NASH” may be impractical.
Non‐invasive predictive score of fibrosis stages in chronic hepatitis C patients based on epithelial membrane antigen in the blood in combination with routine laboratory markers
Authors: Attallah Abdelfattah M. , Abdallah Sanaa O. , El Sayed Amr S. , Omran Mohamed M. , El‐Bendary Mahmoud , Farid Khaled , Kadry Mohamed 
Published: October 2011

Aim:  The epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) could detect small deposits of liver malignant cells. However, no information exists regarding the use of EMA in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Therefore, we attempted to evaluate the diagnostic performance of EMA to distinguish patients with different liver fibrosis stages.Methods:  Epithelial membrane antigen was identified in sera of 154 CHC patients using Western blot and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Multivariate discriminant analysis (MDA) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were used to create a predictive model including EMA in addition to a panel of routine blood markers. A combination algorithm was developed and validated prospectively in 170 CHC additional patients.Results:  Epithelial membrane antigen at 130 kDa was identified, purified and quantified in sera of CHC patients using ELISA. Based on these encouraging results, we purified and developed a direct ELISA for the quantitation of EMA in sera of CHC. MDA selected a score for the prediction of significant liver fibrosis patients based on measurements of EMA, aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index and albumin. Areas under the ROC curves (AUC) of the score for the three biomarkers were 0.82 for patients with liver fibrosis (F1–F4), 0.86 for significant liver fibrosis (F2–F4), 0.87 for advanced liver fibrosis (F3–F4) and 0.86 for liver cirrhosis (F4). The results of the validation study demonstrated that (74%) of patients could have avoided liver biopsy.Conclusion:  This score was validated for the prediction of liver fibrosis stages and may minimize the need for liver biopsy.
The effect of observational learning on students’ performance, processes, and motivation in two creative domains
Authors: Groenendijk Talita , Janssen Tanja , Rijlaarsdam Gert , van den Bergh Huub 
Published: October 2011

Background.  Previous research has shown that observation can be effective for learning in various domains, for example, argumentative writing and mathematics. The question in this paper is whether observational learning can also be beneficial when learning to perform creative tasks in visual and verbal arts.Aims.  We hypothesized that observation has a positive effect on performance, process, and motivation. We expected similarity in competence between the model and the observer to influence the effectiveness of observation.Sample.  A total of 131 Dutch students (10th grade, 15 years old) participated.Method.  Two experiments were carried out (one for visual and one for verbal arts). Participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions; two observational learning conditions and a control condition (learning by practising). The observational learning conditions differed in instructional focus (on the weaker or the more competent model of a pair to be observed).Results.  We found positive effects of observation on creative products, creative processes, and motivation in the visual domain. In the verbal domain, observation seemed to affect the creative process, but not the other variables. The model similarity hypothesis was not confirmed.Conclusions.  Results suggest that observation may foster learning in creative domains, especially in the visual arts.
Autism in Zamiatin's We
Authors: Cooke Brett 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDeficits in intersubjective interpretation are frequently observed in We. The Single State, a purported utopia, turns out to be predicated on notions of human nature more consistent with Asperger's Syndrome, a mild form of autism. D-503 and his fellow “numbers” exhibit such symptoms as inappropriate social responses, solipsism, lack of eye contact, repetitive behaviors, and lack of empathy. The text generally retraces steps in development of Theory of Mind, albeit the narrator usually lags behind the reader in grasping the intentions of other characters–seen here as the core function of fiction. Zamiatin thus imparts a sense of what normal consciousness should be, a subjectivity incompatible with social engineering. Faults may be discerned in Zamiatin's understanding of autism, a malady described only decades later. Nevertheless, We constitutes an unusual demonstration of how literary innovation may anticipate clinical science and, indeed, contribute to ongoing gene-cultural co-evolution by expanding our awareness of our psychological potential.
Energy Decomposition Analysis of the Protein Environmental Effect: The Case of Cytochrome P450cam Compound I
Authors: Hirao Hajime 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The effect of the protein environment on the short-lived compound I state of cytochrome P450cam was analyzed in detail by decomposing the ONIOM(B3LYP:AMBER) interaction energy between the active site and the surrounding protein environment into electrostatic, van der Waals (vdW), and polarization terms. The electrostatic effect was the largest in magnitude, followed by the vdW effect, and then by the polarization effect. The contributions of individual residues to the environmental effect were also evaluated.
Hydrolysis of Sugars Using Magnetic Silica Nanoparticles with Sulfonic Acid Groups
Authors: Takagaki Atsushi , Nishimura Masatoshi , Nishimura Shun , Ebitani Kohki 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
CoFe2O4-embedded silica nanoparticles containing sulfonic acid groups were found to be highly active solid acid catalysts for hydrolysis of disaccharides (sucrose and cellobiose) and polysaccharides (starch and cellulose) with facile magnetic separation.
Immobilization of Carbon Nanotubes on Au(111) via Self-assembled Monolayers
Authors: Nishino Tomoaki , Kanata Satoshi , Hirata Chiyo 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
We investigated the immobilization of single-walled carbon nanotubes on self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on Au(111) by atomic force microscopy. The nanotubes were homogeneously attached to the SAMs of aminothiophenol and benzenethiol. We found that the nanotubes formed mesh-like structures on a 1-propanethiol SAM, which most likely reflected a weak interaction between the nanotubes and the SAM surface. These results demonstrate that the chemical functionality of a SAM surface strongly affected the immobilization of carbon nanotubes.
InI3/Me3SiI-catalyzed Direct Alkylation of Enol Acetates Using Alkyl Acetates or Alkyl Ethers
Authors: Onishi Yoshiharu , Nishimoto Yoshihiro , Yasuda Makoto , Baba Akio 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
A combined Lewis acid of InI3 and Me3SiI was used to catalyze the direct coupling reactions of enol acetates with alkyl acetates or alkyl ethers without generating metal waste. The easily-handled alkylating reagents enlarged the application area of this coupling reaction.
Selective Fluorometric Sensing of Calcium Cation by C-Pivot Lariat Monoaza-crown Ether with Two Pyrene Moieties
Authors: Nakatsuji Yohji , Nakamura Misako , Oka Tomoya , Muraoka Masahiro 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
A new type of C-pivot lariat monoaza-crown ether 1b containing a 15-crown-5 ring and two pyrene moieties on the sidearms was found to be a highly sensitive and selective fluorescent chemosensor toward Ca2+ in the presence of Na+, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+.
Anisotropic Photomechanical Motion of Semicircular-shaped Microfibers That Contain Dyes
Authors: Nakata Kazuya , Ishikawa Yosuke , Sakai Munetoshi , Ochiai Tsuyoshi , Liu Baoshun , Sakai Hideki , Murakami Taketoshi , Abe Masahiko , Fujishima Akira 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
We prepared polyacrylamide-based fibers containing the dyes Methylene Blue or Acid Red 52 and observed their photomechanical motion upon light illumination. The fibers bend upon the application of photoillumination. The fibers recover their original shapes when photoillumination ends. The fibers bend anisotropically in a specific direction. The absorption properties and photobending behavior of the fibers are related.
Femoral revision with the Wagner tapered stem
Authors: Regis D. , Sandri A. , Bonetti I. , Braggion M. , Bartolozzi P. 
Published: October 2011

Revision after failed femoral components may be technically demanding due to loss of peri-prosthetic bone. This retrospective study evaluated the long-term results of femoral revision using the cementless Wagner Self-Locking stem. Between 1992 and 1998, 68 consecutive hips in 66 patients underwent femoral revision using this implant. A total of 25 patients died from unrelated causes without further revision; the remaining 41 hips in 41 patients (12 men and 29 women) with a mean age of 61 years (29 to 80) were reviewed at a mean follow-up of 13.9 years (10.4 to 15.8). A transfemoral approach was used in 32 hips. A total of five stems required further revision because of infection in two, progressive subsidence in two and recurrent dislocation in one. Four hips had dislocated and eight stems had subsided ≥ 10 mm. The mean Harris hip score improved from 33 points pre-operatively to 75 points at final follow-up (p < 0.001). In all, 33 stems (91.7%) showed radiological signs of stable bone fixation. The cumulative survival rates at 15.8 years with femoral revision for any reason and for stem failure as the endpoints were 92.0% (95% confidence interval (CI) 86.0% to 98.4%) and 96.6% (95% CI 92.2% to 100%), respectively. The survivorship with revision and ≥ 10 mm migration of the stem as the endpoint was 83.6% (95% CI 76.6% to 91.4%). This study shows quite good survival and moderate clinical outcome when using a monoblock tapered titanium stem for supporting the regeneration of bone in complex revision hip surgery.
Single bundle anterior cruciate reconstruction does not restore normal knee kinematics at six months
Authors: Nicholson J. A. , Sutherland A. G. , Smith F. W. 
Published: October 2011

Abnormal knee kinematics following reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament may exist despite an apparent resolution of tibial laxity and functional benefit. We performed upright, weight-bearing MR scans of both knees in the sagittal plane at different angles of flexion to determine the kinematics of the knee following unilateral reconstruction (n = 12). The uninjured knee acted as a control. Scans were performed pre-operatively and at three and six months post-operatively. Anteroposterior tibial laxity was determined using an arthrometer and patient function by validated questionnaires before and after reconstruction. In all the knees with deficient anterior cruciate ligaments, the tibial plateau was displaced anteriorly and internally rotated relative to the femur when compared with the control contralateral knee, particularly in extension and early flexion (mean lateral compartment displacement: extension 7.9 mm (sd 4.8), p = 0.002 and 30° flexion 5.1 mm (sd 3.6), p = 0.004). In all ten patients underwent post-operative scans. Reconstruction reduced the subluxation of the lateral tibial plateau at three months, with resolution of anterior displacement in early flexion, but not in extension (p = 0.015). At six months, the reconstructed knee again showed anterior subluxation in both the lateral (mean: extension 4.2 mm (sd 4.2), p = 0.021 and 30° flexion 3.2 mm (sd 3.3), p = 0.024) and medial compartments (extension, p = 0.049).Our results show that despite improvement in laxity and functional benefit, abnormal knee kinematics remain at six months and actually deteriorate from three to six months following reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament.
Free vascularised fibular graft for post-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head in teenage patients
Authors: Zhang C. Q. , Sun Y. , Chen S. B. , Jin D. X. , Sheng J. G. , Cheng X. G. , Xu J. , Zeng B. F. 
Published: October 2011

Free vascularised fibular grafting has been reported to be successful for adult patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). However, its benefit in teenage patients with post-traumatic ONFH has not been determined. We evaluated the effectiveness of free vascularised fibular grafting in the treatment of this condition in children and adolescents. We retrospectively analysed 28 hips in 28 patients in whom an osteonecrotic femoral head had been treated with free vascularised fibular grafting between 2002 and 2008. Their mean age was 16.3 years (13 to 19). The stage of the disease at time of surgery, and results of treatment including pre- and post-operative Harris hip scores, were studied. We defined clinical failure as conversion to total hip replacement. All patients were followed up for a mean of four years (2 to 7). The mean Harris hip score improved from 60.4 (37 to 84) pre-operatively to 94.2 (87 to 100) at final follow-up. At the latest follow-up we found improved or unchanged radiographs in all four initially stage II hips and in 23 of 24 stage III or IV hips. Only one hip (stage V) deteriorated. No patient underwent total hip replacement. Free vascularised fibular grafting is indicated for the treatment of post-traumatic ONFH in teenage patients.
The intra-operative radius joystick test to diagnose complete disruption of the interosseous membrane
Authors: Soubeyrand M. , Ciais G. , Wassermann V. , Kalouche I. , Biau D. , Dumontier C. , Gagey O. 
Published: October 2011

Disruption of the interosseous membrane is easily missed in patients with Essex-Lopresti syndrome. None of the imaging techniques available for diagnosing disruption of the interosseous membrane are completely dependable. We undertook an investigation to identify whether a simple intra-operative test could be used to diagnose disruption of the interosseous membrane during surgery for fracture of the radial head and to see if the test was reproducible. We studied 20 cadaveric forearms after excision of the radial head, ten with and ten without disruption of the interosseous membrane. On each forearm, we performed the radius joystick test: moderate lateral traction was applied to the radial neck with the forearm in maximal pronation, to look for lateral displacement of the proximal radius indicating that the interosseous membrane had been disrupted. Each of six surgeons (three junior and three senior) performed the test on two consecutive days. Intra-observer agreement was 77% (95% confidence interval (CI) 67 to 85) and interobserver agreement was 97% (95% CI 92 to 100). Sensitivity was 100% (95% CI 97 to 100), specificity 88% (95% CI 81 to 93), positive predictive value 90% (95% CI 83 to 94), and negative predictive value 100%). This cadaveric study suggests that the radius joystick test may be useful for detecting disruption of the interosseous membrane in patients undergoing open surgery for fracture of the radial head and is reproducible. A confirmatory study in vivo is now required.
The influence of malrotation and femoral component material on patellofemoral wear during gait
Authors: Vanbiervliet J. , Bellemans J. , Verlinden C. , Luyckx J.-P. , Labey L. , Innocenti B. , Vandenneucker H. 
Published: October 2011

Complications involving the patellofemoral joint, caused by malrotation of the femoral component during total knee replacement, are an important cause of persistent pain and failure leading to revision surgery. The aim of this study was to determine and quantify the influence of femoral component malrotation on patellofemoral wear, and to determine whether or not there is a difference in the rate of wear of the patellar component when articulated against oxidised zirconium (OxZr) and cobalt-chrome (CoCr) components. An in vitro method was used to simulate patellar maltracking for both materials. Both rates of wear and changes in height on the patellar articular surface were measured. The mean rates of wear measured were very small compared to standard tibiofemoral wear rates. When data for each femoral component material were pooled, the mean rate of wear was 0.19 mm3/Mcycle (sd 0.21) for OxZr and 0.34 mm3/Mcycle (sd 0.335) for CoCr. The largest change in height on each patella varied from -0.05 mm to -0.33 mm over the different configurations.The results suggest that patellar maltracking due to an internally rotated femoral component leads to an increased mean patellar wear. Although not statistically significant, the mean wear production may be lower for OxZr than for CoCr components.