bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fiabilité ou fidélité : le problème de la narration dans Le Ravissement de Lol V. Stein
Authors: Killeen Marie-Chantal 
Published: July 2011

Résumé Jusqu’à présent la critique a beaucoup insisté sur le manque de fiabilité du narrateur du Ravissement de Lol V. Stein , séduit et ravi à son tour par l’énigme vivante qu’incarne l’héroïne éponyme. Or je propose d’envisager ici ce manque de fiabilité non point comme incompétence ni même a fortiori comme défaut à pallier, mais comme manière de demeurer fidèle à l’impossibilité de l’événement, c’est-à-dire de restituer l’expérience « ravissante » de Lol dans ce qu’elle présente justement de plus informulable. Emblématique de l’ensemble des écrits durassiens, Le Ravissement de Lol V. Stein tâcherait ainsi, par le truchement de son narrateur subjugué, de se mettre au diapason d’une expérience qui ne se soumet pas à l’ordre de la connaissance mais se donnerait plutôt à expérimenter dans la communication d’un état de vertigineuse dépossession.
Les pays émergents dans l'actuel ordre mondial : changements et légitimité politique
Authors: Milani Carlos R. S. 
Published: July 2011

Résumé Les pays émergents peuvent-ils contrebalancer le poids stratégique des puissances du G8 ? Dans cet article, l’auteur analyse le rôle joué par les « puissances émergentes » dans l’actuel système international. Quelles conséquences auront les changements de représentations stratégiques sur le monopole occidental dans la conception de l’ordre mondial ? Quelles stratégies individuelles ou collectives – malgré les différences d’insertion internationale ou d’intérêts géopolitiques entre les pays émergents – de changement du système interétatique et économique sont adoptées par ces pays ? En se faisant les acteurs incontournables de la coopération SudSud, du développement de la lutte contre la pauvreté et de la réforme des institutions internationales, les pays émergents remettent en cause leur place au sein de l’ordre établi et démontrent leur ambition internationale.
Topographic Differences between Large and Normal Optic Discs: A Confocal Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy Study
Authors: Cankaya Ali Bulent , Simsek Tulay 
Published: July 2011

Purpose The aim of the study was to investigate the optic nerve head parameters of healthy macrodiscs to provide standard measurements for them to be the basis for future quantitative comparisons. Methods Sixty-nine subjects with macrodisc (disc area larger than 2.82 mm2) and 91 healthy controls (disc area between 1.16 and 2.82 mm2) were recruited. After a complete ophthalmic examination, confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy was performed in all participants. The stereometric parameters of confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy examination and the proportion of subjects classified as normal, borderline, and glaucomatous by the Moorfield Regression Analysis were compared between groups. Results A total of 160 subjects were included in the study. The average disc sizes in the control and macrodisc groups were 2.14±0.33 mm2 and 3.36±0.36 mm2, respectively. Cup area (p<0.001), rim area (p=0.01), cup volume (p<0.001), cup/disc area ratio (p<0.001), linear cup/disc ratio (p<0.001), mean cup depth (p<0.001), maximum cup depth (p<0.001), and cup shape measure (p<0.001) differed significantly between the 2 groups. The parameters of the optic nerve head which did not differ significantly between groups were rim volume (p=0.17) and height variation contour (p=0.88). A significantly higher number of eyes were erroneously identified as abnormal (15.1% vs 79.4%) by Moorfield Regression Analysis in the macrodisc group (p<0.001). Conclusions Rim volume and height variation contour were the only optic nerve head topographic parameters that were similar in eyes with large and normal disc sizes. They seem to be promising parameters in the evaluation and comparison of the optic nerve head of subjects with macrodisc.
Mammalian Cell Culture
Authors: Sandell Lisa , Sakai Daisuke 
Published: July 2011

AbstractMammalian cell culture is the process of growing animal cells in vitro in a flask or dish. This unit describes the methods, equipment, supplies, and reagents used in a cell culture laboratory. Because preventing contamination and maintaining purity of cell cultures is arguably the greatest challenge in animal cell culture, the principles of aseptic technique in mammalian cell culture are presented in detail. Cell culture media and additives are discussed. A method of counting cells and assessing their viability with a hemacytometer is illustrated. The steps needed to maintain an adherent cell line by feeding and passing cells from one culture vessel to another are presented and variations for passing suspension‐grown cells are also outlined. Long‐term cryogenic storage of cells in liquid nitrogen is discussed and a protocol for freezing cells is provided, as are details for thawing and recovering viable cells from frozen stocks. Curr. Protoc. Essential Lab. Tech. 5:4.3.1‐4.3.32. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Rising Masses, Singapore
Authors: Kahlen Max 
Published: July 2011

AbstractRising Masses, a year‐long final design thesis undertaken at the Architectural Association (AA) School of Architecture, is for a high‐rise building in the centre of Singapore's financial district. It is characterised by an extreme thinness that is intended to heighten the experience of working in such a dense urban context. As Max Kahlen of Dyvik & Kahlen, Architecture, explains, two mathematical‐based methods were employed in order to aid the design of such a thin structure. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Body fat is differentially related to body mass index in U.S.‐born African‐American and East African immigrant girls
Authors: Meyer Katie A. , Demerath Ellen W. , Friend Sarah , Hannan Peter J. , Neumark‐Sztainer Dianne 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjective:To examine ethnic differences in adiposity at a given body mass index (BMI) in a sample of U.S.‐born African‐American and East African immigrant adolescent girls.Methods:In a sample of black adolescent girls (n = 79; ages 14–20) we compared measures of adiposity across the range of BMI‐for‐age among 55 U.S.‐born African‐American (mean BMI: 30.4; age: 15.4) and 24 East African immigrant girls (mean BMI: 21.8; age: 16.7). Fat and fat‐free mass were assessed with dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA). We used spline regression to examine the distributions of fat mass index and percent body fat across the range of BMI‐for‐age z‐scores.Results:Compared with African‐American girls, East African girls were smaller on all body measures, but appeared to have higher fat mass index and percent body fat at the same BMI‐for‐age.Conclusions:Our findings indicate that at a given BMI East African immigrants may have greater adiposity than African‐American girls. If corroborated in larger samples, our data suggest that the cardiometabolic risks attendant to elevated adiposity may affect East African girls at a lower BMI than in African‐American girls. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Studies on synthesis and physicochemical properties of new bis[4‐(2‐hydroxy‐3‐methacryloyloxypropoxy)phenyl]sulfide terpolymers
Authors: Podkościelna Beata , Maciejewska Małgorzata , Bartnicki Andrzej 
Published: July 2011

AbstractSynthesis and physicochemical properties of the new glycidyl methacrylate, styrene, and bis[4(2‐hydroxy‐3‐methacryloyloxypropoxy)phenyl]sulfide terpolymers of different crosslinking degrees are presented. The terpolymers were obtained in the form of regular microspheres by suspension polymerization. The epoxy group content, thermal properties (DSC, thermogravimetric analysis), and swelling characteristic of the functional microspheres were examined. In addition, a selected terpolymer was modified in the epoxide ring opening reaction with diethylenetriamine. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Pharmacologic P2X purinergic receptor antagonism in the treatment of collagen‐induced arthritis
Authors: Ardissone Vittoria , Radaelli Enrico , Zaratin Paola , Ardizzone Michele , Ladel Christoph , Gattorno Marco , Martini Alberto , Grassi Fabio , Traggiai Elisabetta 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the therapeutic potential of a P2X purinergic receptor antagonist, namely, periodate oxidized ATP, in collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA).MethodsArthritis was induced in male DBA/1J mice by immunization with type II collagen (CII). Animals showing digit inflammation and paw swelling were treated intraperitoneally with 100 μl of 3 mM oxidized ATP daily for 10 days. At the end of the treatment period, animals were killed and paws were removed for histologic analysis and evaluation of T cell infiltration. Humoral response to CII was analyzed, and specific serum autoantibody levels were correlated with the clinical scores observed in the different treatment groups.ResultsTreatment with oxidized ATP resulted in a sustained reduction in disease activity, which was associated with a significant decrease in CD3+ T cell infiltration in arthritic lesions and a significant amelioration of cartilage erosion. Peripheral Treg cells were significantly increased upon P2X blockade in mouse lymph nodes. Moreover, a marked reduction in circulating autoantibodies directed against mouse CII was detected. There was a significant correlation between serum autoantibody levels and the clinical efficacy of oxidized ATP.ConclusionOur findings indicate that P2X receptor antagonism has important therapeutic potential in chronic inflammatory rheumatic disorders. Taken together, our results underscore the value of the P2X receptor signaling pathway as a potential pharmacologic target for the modulation of adaptive immunity in CIA.
Predictors of moderate‐to‐severe paravalvular aortic regurgitation immediately after corevalve implantation and the impact of postdilatation
Authors: Takagi Kensuke , Latib Azeem , Al‐Lamee Rasha , Mussardo Marco , Montorfano Matteo , Maisano Francesco , Godino Cosmo , Chieffo Alaide , Alfieri Ottavio , Colombo Antonio 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjective: To investigate the predictors of moderate‐to‐severe aortic regurgitation (AR≥2+) after CoreValve implantation and evaluate the feasibility and safety of postdilatation in reducing the degree of AR. Background: Although transcatheter aortic valve implantation is an alternative treatment for high surgical risk patients with severe aortic stenosis, post‐implantation paravalvular AR remains a complication. Methods: From July 2008 to July 2010, we enrolled 79 consecutive patients with severe aortic stenosis who underwent CoreValve implantation. Results: On univariable analysis, the predictors of AR≥2+ immediately after CoreValve implantation were: larger annulus size, low implantation, prosthesis mismatch, chronic renal insufficiency, a history of heart failure, and peripheral vascular disease. On multivariable analysis, the independent predictors of AR≥2+ were: larger annulus diameter (OR 1.78, 95%CI 1.25–2.55; P = 0.002), low implantation (OR 3.67, 95%CI 1.01–13.35, P = 0.05), and peripheral vascular disease (OR 3.54, 95%CI 1.19–10.56, P = 0.02). Post‐CoreValve implantation, AR ≥ 2 was seen in 40.5% (32/79). Twenty‐one patients underwent postdilatation with improvement in AR grade in the majority (17/21). Of the four patients who did not respond to postdilatation, two underwent valve‐in‐valve implantation. In one patient, the valve was pulled more proximally by the snare technique. The remaining 10 patients were treated conservatively. Conclusion: The appropriate strategy for treating patients with AR≥2+ depends on the causes and severity of AR post‐TAVI. This study suggests that we should carefully select the size of CoreValve prosthesis to prevent prosthesis mismatch, especially when implanted in larger annulus sizes. For valves implanted in the appropriate position, postdilatation appears effective in reducing the degree of AR. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multiplatform comparison of multiplexed bead arrays using HPV genotyping as a test case
Authors: Corrie Simon R. , Feng Qinghua , Blair Tiffany , Hawes Stephen E. , Kiviat Nancy B. , Trau Matt 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWhile previous studies have investigated the utility of Luminex technology in comparison to other standard techniques, there have been few studies directly comparing different bead‐based assays. A key barrier to establishing Luminex technology in research or clinical laboratories is the apparent need to purchase not only encoded bead sets but also the Luminex instrument. However, as flow cytometry instrumentation continues to improve in sensitivity and in the number and diversity of detection parameters, a diverse range of bead‐based assays is likely to emerge. Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping requires multiplexed analysis of 10–100 individual genotypes per sample, which is well suited to bead‐based assays whilst technically challenging and costly for related technologies (e.g., qPCR). Here we performed an unbiased technical comparison between Luminex technology and our in‐house 3‐mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane (“MPS”) bead platform, which has been designed for integration with generic cytometry instruments. In genotyping 200 clinical samples, we compared the two bead assays against the goldstandard Roche Line Blot (RLB) assay, and both performed well in receiver‐operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. We also show instrument‐based differences are a significant factor in comparing the methods, which needs to be considered in future comparative studies. These multi‐platform analyses are important in establishing the validity of new methods, as well as highlighting specific advantages anddisadvantages of the assays for specific applications. © 2011 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Oxidative stress in synapse development and function
Authors: Milton Valerie J. , Sweeney Sean T. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractOxidative stress, caused by increased levels of reactive oxidative species (ROS), is considered a major contributor to the aging process. How oxidative stress may bring about changes to structures and function in the aging brain is poorly understood. Oxidative stress activates a number of cellular responses, including activation of the Jun‐N‐terminal kinase (JNK) pathway and autophagy. In addition to their pathological role, ROS also act as signaling molecules. ROS such as nitric oxide have a well‐known role in learning and memory. In addition, activation of JNK and its transcriptional effector AP‐1 are well‐known mediators of synaptic function and growth. Both are essential mediators of physiological correlates of learning and memory such as long‐term potentiation. JNK and AP‐1 are potently activated and regulated by oxidative stress and mediate protective cellular responses such as autophagy. Recent work at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction implicates autophagy as a regulator of synaptic growth via activation of the JNK signaling pathway. We here outline a framework predicating oxidative stress as a major regulator of synaptic function and growth by the activation of JNK/AP‐1 and autophagy. Such responses, we suggest, may underpin some forms of synaptic growth responses and synaptic aging. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 72: 100–110, 2012
Small founding number and low genetic diversity in an introduced species exhibiting limited invasion success (speckled dace,Rhinichthys osculus)
Authors: Kinziger Andrew P. , Nakamoto Rodney J. , Anderson Eric C. , Harvey Bret C. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractMolecular evaluations of successful invaders are common, however studies of introduced species that have had limited invasion success, or have died out completely, are rare. We studied an introduced population of speckled dace (Rhinichthys osculus) from northern California, USA that has rapidly increased in abundance but remained restricted to a 25‐km stretch of river since its introduction in the mid‐1980s. Field and laboratory analyses indicate that invasion success of speckled dace is constrained by the combined effects of multiple predators. The role of bottleneck effects associated with the introduction has not been studied. We assayed variation in seven microsatellite loci and one mitochondrial DNA gene in the introduced population and nine putative source populations to identify the source population and evaluate bottleneck effects. The Trinity River system was supported as the source owing to its genetic similarity and geographic proximity to the introduced population. Consistent with a bottleneck, the introduced population exhibited reduced allelic and haplotype richness in comparison to source populations. Estimates of the genetically effective number of individuals founding the introduced population using nuclear coalescent analyses and a mitochondrial simulation procedure were highly concordant in suggesting that the initial colonizing group was comprised of about 10 individuals. A bottleneck effect in an exotic species exhibiting limited invasion success has rarely been documented and thus introduction of speckled dace represents an important model system for future investigation. Establishing a relationship between genetic diversity and factors limiting invasion success in this system (e.g., predator avoidance) will help determine the extent to which genetic diversity loss has constrained invasion success in speckled dace.
(+)‐Flavipucine, the Missing Member of the Pyridione Epoxide Family of Fungal Antibiotics
Authors: Loesgen Sandra , Bruhn Torsten , Meindl Kathrin , Dix Ina , Schulz Barbara , Zeeck Axel , Bringmann Gerhard 
Published: July 2011

AbstractFrom the culture extracts of the endophytic fungus, Phoma sp., isolated from the plant Salsola oppositifolia, five secondary metabolites were isolated and characterized. On biomalt agar medium, the strain produced the known substances chrysophanol (1) and hypothemycin (2), while from liquid‐surface fermentations on a glucose/maltose medium, 2,4‐pyridione derivatives were obtained. Interestingly, one of the isolated compounds, flavipucine (3a), showed a positive [α]D; it, thus, was the enantiomer of the known, but configurationally as yet unassigned (–)‐flavipucine (3b). By using quantum‐chemical circular‐dichroism calculations, the absolute configuration of 3a was established. Moreover, the dihydro analog 5 of flavipucine was isolated for the first time. The stereostructures were determined by extensive spectroscopic data analysis, quantum‐chemical circular dichroism calculations, and X‐ray analysis. With the two enantiomeric side‐chain analogues of flavipucine, fruit rot toxin A (FRT‐A) (6a) and the recently published sapinopyridione (6b), the family of four naturally occurring substituted 2,4‐pyridiones has become complete. Compound 3a exhibits antifungal activity against Phytophthora infestans and moderate inhibitory activity against gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria.
Performance analysis of a TH/DS N‐ary BPPM UWB system
Authors: Shen Ye‐Shun , Ueng Fang‐Biau 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTA hybrid time‐hopping/direct‐sequence (TH/DS) multiple access ultra‐wideband (UWB) system using N‐ary biorthogonal pulse position modulation (BPPM) is proposed and analysed in this paper. Based on the analytical characteristic function method, we derive the accurate probability distribution of the multiple access interference and calculate the average symbol error rate (SER) of the proposed system. Simulation results are provided to verify the analytical frameworks in additive white Gaussian noise channel and to illustrate the system performance in realistic UWB fading channels. The proposed TH/DS N‐ary BPPM system is shown to provide better SER performance compared with that of the conventional TH M‐ary PPM scheme. We also investigate the trade‐off of the proposed system parameters with fixed bit rate and fixed signal bandwidth. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accurate particle splitting for smoothed particle hydrodynamics in shallow water with shock capturing
Authors: Vacondio R. , Rogers B. D. , Stansby P. K. 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYThe solution for the shallow water equations using smoothed particle hydrodynamics is attractive, being a mesh‐free, automatically adaptive method without special treatment for wet–dry interfaces. However, the relatively new method is limited by the variable kernel size or smoothing length being inversely proportional to water depth causing poor resolution at small depths. Boundary conditions at solid walls have also not been well resolved. To solve the resolution problem in small depths, a particle splitting procedure was developed (conveniently into seven particles), which conserves mass and momentum by varying the smoothing length, velocity and acceleration of each refined particle. This improves predictions in the shallowest depths where the error associated with splitting is reduced by one order of magnitude in comparison to other published works. To provide good shock capturing behaviour, particle interactions are treated as a Riemann problem with Monotone Upstream‐centred Scheme for Conservation Laws (MUSCL) reconstruction providing stability. For solid boundaries, the recent modified virtual boundary particle method was developed further to enable the zeroth moment to be accurately conserved where the smoothing length of particles is changing rapidly during particle splitting. The resulting method is applied to the one‐dimensional and the two‐dimensional axisymmetric wet‐bed dam break problems showing close agreement with analytical solutions, demonstrating the need for particle splitting. To demonstrate wetting and drying in a more complex case, the scheme is applied to oscillating water in a two‐dimensional parabolic basin and produces good agreement with the analytical solution. The method is finally applied to the European Concerted Action on DAm break Modelling dam‐break test case representative of realistic conditions and good predictions are made of experimental measurements with a 40% reduction in the computational time when particle splitting is employed. The overall method has thus become quite sophisticated but its generality and versatility will be attractive for various shallow water problems. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of BRCA1 in controlling mitotic arrest in ovarian cystadenoma cells
Authors: Yu Vanessa M. , Marion Christine M. , Austria Theresa M. , Yeh Jennifer , Schönthal Axel H. , Dubeau Louis 
Published: July 2011

AbstractCancers that develop in BRCA1 mutation carriers are usually near tetraploid/polyploid. This led us to hypothesize that BRCA1 controls the mitotic checkpoint complex, as loss of such control could lead to mitotic errors resulting in tetraploidy/polyploidy and subsequent aneuploidy. We used an in vitro system mimicking premalignant conditions, consisting of cell strains derived from the benign counterparts of serous ovarian carcinomas (cystadenomas) and expressing SV40 large T antigen, conferring the equivalent of a p53 mutation. We previously showed that such cells undergo one or several doublings of their DNA content, as they age in culture and approach the phenomenon of in vitro crisis. Here, we show that such increase in DNA content reflects a cell cycle arrest possibly at the anaphase promoting complex, as evidenced by decreased BrdU incorporation and increased expression of the mitotic checkpoint complex. Down‐regulation of BRCA1 in cells undergoing crisis leads to activation of the anaphase promoting complex and resumption of growth kinetics similar to those seen in cells before they reach crisis. Cells recovering from crisis after BRCA1 down‐regulation become multinucleated, suggesting that reduced BRCA1 expression may lead to initiation of a new cell cycle without completion of cytokinesis. This is the first demonstration that BRCA1 controls a physiological arrest at the M phase apart from its established role in DNA damage response, a role that could represent an important mechanism for acquisition of aneuploidy during tumor development. This may be particularly relevant to cancers that have a near tetraploid/polyploid number of chromosomes.