bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Réinterprétation sociale d'un vieux parler citadin maghrébin à Casablanca
Authors: Hachimi Atiqa 
Published: January 2012

Cet article s’intéresse aux pratiques et représentations d’un vieux parler arabe citadin de la ville de Fès (le fassi) à Casablanca. Depuis des siècles, le fassi s’est imposé comme parler prestigieux désignant une identité citadine et aristocrate. Je m’interrogerai dans cet article sur les façons dont se traduisent ces anciennes valeurs sociolinguistiques et différentielles suite à l’immigration et au contact avec « l’autre » dans la société casablancaise contemporaine. L’objectif est de mettre en évidence l’évaluation sociale et la réinterprétation synchronique du parler fassi à Casablanca pour mieux comprendre les motivations sociales du changement (ou du maintien) linguistique. Cette étude s’inscrit dans la sociolinguistique variationniste et prend en considération les effets de l’âge et du genre sur la variation et le changement linguistique chez 32 locuteurs d’origine fassie à Casablanca. Les résultats montrent que le statut du parler fassi à Casablanca est assez compliqué et ne s’inscrit pas entièrement ni facilement dans les généralisations qui insistent sur l’état moribond des vieux parlers citadins au Maroc. En outre, l’investigation des sens indexicaux (attitudes et représentations) nous aide à comprendre pourquoi les variables linguistiques prennent des trajectoires différentes et nous permet aussi d’analyser les réinterprétations sociales des variables linguistiques dans un temps bien précis dans leur évolution.
Représentations linguistiques et contact dialectal : remarques sur l'évolution de cinq variantes régionales à Beyrouth
Authors: Germanos Marie-Aimée 
Published: January 2012

Cet article s’intéresse aux résultats du contact dialectal à Beyrouth en termes de nivellement et de réallocation pour cinq variantes régionales de l’arabe dialectal libanais, la capitale libanaise ayant connu une migration importante et continue depuis le début du XIX e siècle. L’article s’appuie sur un corpus d’entretiens et de conversations recueilli entre 2005 et 2009 auprès de 47 informateurs. Après avoir présenté, sur la base de l’étude de la répartition de deux variantes, la tendance au nivellement des formes géographiquement minoritaires, on tâchera de mettre en lumière l’impact des représentations sociolinguistiques – prestige latent, stigmatisation et accession de la variation à la conscience linguistique des locuteurs – sur le maintien relatif d’une troisième forme minoritaire, sur le nivellement d’une forme majoritaire et sur la réallocation stylistique d’une variable qui passe inaperçue (et dont les deux variantes sont d’emploi géographique relativement égal).
Bird Use of Fields Treated Postharvest With Two Types of Flooding in Tulare Basin, California
Authors: Fleskes Joseph P. , Skalos Daniel A. , Farinha Melissa A. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractWe surveyed birds on grain and nongrain fields in the Tulare Basin of California treated postharvest with two types of flooding that varied in duration and depth of water applied (flooded-type [FLD] fields: &lt;1 cm–1.5 m for &gt;1 wk; irrigated-type [IRG] fields: &lt;1–15 cm water for &lt;1 wk at a time). Our goal was to compare use of these field types by birds to guide habitat conservation in the region. During 19 August–6 December 2005, we counted a total of 80,316 birds during 23 surveys of 5 FLD fields (four wheat, one alfalfa) and 8,225 birds during 38 surveys of 33 IRG fields (23 cotton, 4 tomato, 3 wheat, 1 alfalfa, 1 oat, 1 fallow). We recorded 14 waterfowl (13 duck, 1 goose), 29 other waterbird (coots, shorebirds, grebes, pelicans, herons, egrets, gulls, terns), and 14 nonwaterbird (passerines, raptors, and vultures) species on FLD fields compared to 5 duck, 14 other waterbird, and 9 nonwaterbird species on IRG fields. Species composition differed by field type; waterfowl comprised a greater percentage (FLD vs. IRG, 16.2% vs. 1.3%), other waterbirds a similar percentage (80.4% vs. 71.6%), and nonwaterbirds a lower percentage (3.5% vs. 27.1%) of birds on FLD than on IRG fields. The modeled density estimate of waterfowl was 108 times greater on FLD than IRG fields and 7.4 times greater on grain than nongrain fields. The density estimate of other waterbirds was 11.8 times greater on FLD than IRG fields and 4.4 times greater on grain than nongrain fields. The density estimate of nonwaterbirds was 14.3 times greater on grain than nongrain fields but did not differ by flood type. Long duration (i.e., &gt;1 wk) flooding increased waterbird use of grain fields in the Tulare Basin more than in the northern Central Valley. Thus, even though water costs are high in the Tulare Basin, if net benefit to waterbirds is considered, management programs that increase availability of FLD fields (especially grain) in the Tulare Basin may be a cost-effective option to help meet waterbird habitat conservation goals in the Central Valley of California.
Skin Langerin+ Dendritic Cells Transport Intradermally Injected Anti–DEC-205 Antibodies but Are Not Essential for Subsequent Cytotoxic CD8+ T Cell Responses
Authors: Flacher Vincent , Tripp Christoph H. , Haid Bernhard , Kissenpfennig Adrien , Malissen Bernard , Stoitzner Patrizia , Idoyaga Juliana , Romani Nikolaus 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Incorporation of Ags by dendritic cells (DCs) increases when Ags are targeted to endocytic receptors by mAbs. We have previously demonstrated in the mouse that mAbs against C-type lectins administered intradermally are taken up by epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs), dermal Langerinneg DCs, and dermal Langerin+ DCs in situ. However, the relative contribution of these skin DC subsets to the induction of immune responses after Ag targeting has not been addressed in vivo. We show in this study that murine epidermal LCs and dermal DCs transport intradermally injected mAbs against the lectin receptor DEC-205/CD205 in vivo. Skin DCs targeted in situ with mAbs migrated through lymphatic vessels in steady state and inflammation. In the skin-draining lymph nodes, targeting mAbs were found in resident CD8α+ DCs and in migrating skin DCs. More than 70% of targeted DCs expressed Langerin, including dermal Langerin+ DCs and LCs. Numbers of targeted skin DCs in the nodes increased 2-3-fold when skin was topically inflamed by the TLR7 agonist imiquimod. Complete removal of the site where OVA-coupled anti–DEC-205 had been injected decreased endogenous cytotoxic responses against OVA peptide-loaded target cells by 40–50%. Surprisingly, selective ablation of all Langerin+ skin DCs in Langerin-DTR knock-in mice did not affect such responses independently of the adjuvant chosen. Thus, in cutaneous immunization strategies where Ag is targeted to DCs, Langerin+ skin DCs play a major role in transport of anti–DEC-205 mAb, although Langerinneg dermal DCs and CD8α+ DCs are sufficient to subsequent CD8+ T cell responses.
The β2-Microglobulin–Free Heterodimerization of Rhesus Monkey MHC Class I A with Its Normally Spliced Variant Reduces the Ubiquitin-Dependent Degradation of MHC Class I A
Authors: Dai Zheng-Xi , Zhang Gao-Hong , Zhang Xi-He , Xia Hou-Jun , Li Shao-You , Zheng Yong-Tang 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
The MHC class I (MHC I) molecules play a pivotal role in the regulation of immune responses by presenting antigenic peptides to CTLs and by regulating cytolytic activities of NK cells. In this article, we show that MHC I A in rhesus macaques can be alternatively spliced, generating a novel MHC I A isoform (termed “MHC I A-sv1”) devoid of α3 domain. Despite the absence of β2-microglobulin (β2m), the MHC I A-sv1 proteins reached the cell surface of K562-transfected cells as endoglycosidase H-sensitive glycoproteins that could form disulfide-bonded homodimers. Cycloheximide-based protein chase experiments showed that the MHC I A-sv1 proteins were more stable than the full-length MHC I A in transiently or stably transfected cell lines. Of particular interest, our studies demonstrated that MHC I A-sv1 could form β2m-free heterodimers with its full-length protein in mammalian cells. The formation of heterodimers was accompanied by a reduction in full-length MHC I A ubiquitination and consequent stabilization of the protein. Taken together, these results demonstrated that MHC I A-sv1 and MHC I A can form a novel heterodimeric complex as a result of the displacement of β2m and illustrated the relevance of regulated MHC I A protein degradation in the β2m-free heterodimerization-dependent control, which may have some implications for the MHC I A splice variant in the fine tuning of classical MHC I A/TCR and MHC I A/killer cell Ig-like receptor interactions.
Cutting Edge: Fasting-Induced Hypoleptinemia Expands Functional Regulatory T Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Liu Yaoyang , Yu Yiyun , Matarese Giuseppe , La Cava Antonio 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Fasting is beneficial in the prevention and amelioration of the clinical manifestations of autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus. The mechanisms responsible for these effects are not well understood. During fasting, there is a dramatic reduction of the levels of circulating leptin, an adipokine with proinflammatory effects. Leptin also inhibits CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, which are known to contribute significantly to the mechanisms of peripheral immune tolerance. In this study, we show that fasting-induced hypoleptinemia in (NZB × NZW)F1 lupus-prone mice induced an expansion of functional regulatory T cells that was reversed by leptin replacement. The specificity of the findings was indicated by the lack of these effects in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice and leptin receptor-deficient db/db mice. These observations help to explain the beneficial effects of fasting in autoimmunity and could be exploited for leptin-based immune intervention in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Cutting Edge: Regulation of TLR4-Driven B Cell Proliferation by RP105 Is Not B Cell Autonomous
Authors: Allen Jessica L. , Flick Leah M. , Divanovic Senad , Jackson Shaun W. , Bram Richard , Rawlings David J. , Finkelman Fred D. , Karp Christopher L. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Mechanistic understanding of RP105 has been confounded by the fact that this TLR homolog has appeared to have opposing, cell type-specific effects on TLR4 signaling. Although RP105 inhibits TLR4-driven signaling in cell lines and myeloid cells, impaired LPS-driven proliferation by B cells from RP105−/− mice has suggested that RP105 facilitates TLR4 signaling in B cells. In this article, we show that modulation of B cell proliferation by RP105 is not a function of B cell-intrinsic expression of RP105, and identify a mechanistic role for dysregulated BAFF expression in the proliferative abnormalities of B cells from RP105−/− mice: serum BAFF levels are elevated in RP105−/− mice, and partial BAFF neutralization rescues aberrant B cell proliferative responses in such mice. These data indicate that RP105 does not have dichotomous effects on TLR4 signaling and emphasize the need for caution in interpreting the results of global genetic deletion.
Prevalence of prematurity and epidemiological profile of mothers of premature infants
Authors: De Paula Weslla Albuquerque , Santos Amanda Miranda , Santos Edja Íris Benevides , Santos Raquel Bezerra 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the prevalence of prematurity and the mothers’ profile from preterm’s newborn (PTI) in a public hospital in Pernambuco’s countryside. Method: this is about a quantitative study, observational and descriptive held in a public hospital in the city of Caruaru-PE. It was considered as a criterion for inclusion preterm infants’mothers, the sample was consisted for 148 postpartum women. Data collection was conducted from February to May 2010 was used structured interview filled from the interview mothers and observation medical records and prenatal card. All data were analyzed using the program Microsoft Excel®. The project was previously approved by the Research Ethics committee from ASCES College, under no protocol 280/09. Results: the prevalence of prematurity was 10.3%. The interviewed had among other characteristics:
The Effect of New Clinical Pathways on the Outcome of Vascular Access Surgery
Authors: Akoh Jacob A. , Powys-Lybbe James 
Published: January 2012

Purpose Prior to 2007, the waiting time for vascular access surgery at our center was approximately 107 days compared to a UK average of 45 days. Two new pathways were developed; the rapid and super-rapid pathways incorporating an access liaison nurse who organized vessel mapping and referred patients for surgery. This audit was to determine whether the pathways were effective in reducing the waiting times and improving vascular accesses outcomes. Methods All 210 patients with established renal failure undergoing 232 vascular access procedures between January 2008 and March 2011 were studied. Detailed patient information including type of procedure and cause of access failure were stored in an Excel spreadsheet and analyzed using SPSS for Windows. Results One hundred and twenty patients had a brachiocephalic fistula, 61 a radiocephalic fistula, 39 an access using the basilic vein ± transposition, and 11 a transposition of the long saphenous vein and one a brachio-axillary graft. Overall median waiting time from referral to access surgery was 23 days. Patients were followed up for a median of 248 days after surgery. The overall primary failure rate was 9.1% and 25 of 27 accesses failed because of thrombosis. The overall cumulative survival probability of accesses at one year was 61.4% with a mean survival of 621.2 days (SEM = 34.8). Conclusion The clinical pathways have improved VA service to patients with a drastic reduction in waiting times, elimination of synthetic access, and maintenance of satisfactory results.
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and American Community Survey Estimates of Vision Difficulty Prevalence
Authors: Brault Matthew W. , Wittenborn John S. , Rein David B. 
Published: June 2024

ImportanceInconsistent estimates of self-reported vision impairment across survey sources may cause confusion about the true size of the population with vision problems.ObjectiveTo explain why the American Community Survey (ACS) and Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) produce different prevalence estimates for self-reported vision problems in the US, despite using the same question wording.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a cross-sectional analysis of the 2021 ACS and BRFSS using subgroup analysis and decomposition. Respondents were from 49 states and the District of Columbia. Included in the analysis were a civilian noninstitutionalized population 18 years and older. Data were analyzed from August 2022 to October 2023.InterventionAspects of sample design and composition.Main Outcomes and MeasuresSelf-reported vision problems.ResultsThis study included a weighted sample of 2.8 million individuals (median [IQR] age, 47.7 [32.8-63.1] years; 51% male). The estimate of self-reported vision problems prevalence from the BRFSS (4.89%; 95% CI, 4.73%-5.04%) was 1.7 times as high as the estimate from the ACS (2.95%; 95% CI, 2.92%-2.97%) for similarly defined populations. If the BRFSS sample were weighted to align with the composition of other disability types in the ACS, the prevalence of vision problems would be 3.67% (95% CI, 3.53%-3.80%), closing about 63% of the gap between survey estimates.Conclusion and RelevanceResults of this survey study suggest that the focus on health may be associated with the higher prevalence in the BRFSS through differential nonresponse or question priming. Differences in other survey operations including frame construction, proxy reporting, and imputation had little impact.
High‐Energy Earth‐Abundant Cathodes with Enhanced Cationic/Anionic Redox for Sustainable and Long‐Lasting Na‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Xu , Zuo Wenhua , Liu Shiqi , Zhao Chen , Li Qingtian , Gao Yibo , Liu Xiang , Xiao Dongdong , Hwang Inhui , Ren Yang , Sun Cheng‐Jun , Chen Zonghai , Wang Boya , Feng Yunfa , Yang Wanli , Xu Gui‐Liang , Amine Khalil , Yu Haijun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLayered iron/manganese‐based oxides are a class of promising cathode materials for sustainable batteries due to their high energy densities and earth abundance. However, the stabilization of cationic and anionic redox reactions in these cathodes during cycling at high voltage remain elusive. Here, an electrochemically/thermally stable P2‐Na0.67Fe0.3Mn0.5Mg0.1Ti0.1O2 cathode material with zero critical elements is designed for sodium‐ion batteries (NIBs) to realize a highly reversible capacity of ≈210 mAh g−1 at 20 mA g−1 and good cycling stability with a capacity retention of 74% after 300 cycles at 200 mA g−1, even when operated with a high charge cut‐off voltage of 4.5 V versus sodium metal. Combining a suite of cutting‐edge characterizations and computational modeling, it is shown that Mg/Ti co‐doping leads to stabilized surface/bulk structure at high voltage and high temperature, and more importantly, enhances cationic/anionic redox reaction reversibility over extended cycles with the suppression of other undesired oxygen activities. This work fundamentally deepens the failure mechanism of Fe/Mn‐based layered cathodes and highlights the importance of dopant engineering to achieve high‐energy and earth‐abundant cathode material for sustainable and long‐lasting NIBs.
Stacking Fault‐Enriched MoNi4/MoO2 Enables High‐Performance Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Wang Yuan , Arandiyan Hamidreza , Mofarah Sajjad S. , Shen Xiangjian , Bartlett Stuart A. , Koshy Pramod , Sorrell Charles C. , Sun Hongyu , Pozo‐Gonzalo Cristina , Dastafkan Kamran , Britto Sylvia , Bhargava Suresh K. , Zhao Chuan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractProducing green hydrogen in a cost‐competitive manner via water electrolysis will make the long‐held dream of hydrogen economy a reality. Although platinum (Pt)‐based catalysts show good performance toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), the high cost and scarce abundance challenge their economic viability and sustainability. Here, a non‐Pt, high‐performance electrocatalyst for HER achieved by engineering high fractions of stacking fault (SF) defects for MoNi4/MoO2 nanosheets (d‐MoNi) through a combined chemical and thermal reduction strategy is shown. The d‐MoNi catalyst offers ultralow overpotentials of 78 and 121 mV for HER at current densities of 500 and 1000 mA cm−2 in 1 M KOH, respectively. The defect‐rich d‐MoNi exhibits four times higher turnover frequency than the benchmark 20% Pt/C, together with its excellent durability (> 100 h), making it one of the best‐performing non‐Pt catalysts for HER. The experimental and theoretical results reveal that the abundant SFs in d‐MoNi induce a compressive strain, decreasing the proton adsorption energy and promoting the associated combination of *H into hydrogen and molecular hydrogen desorption, enhancing the HER performance. This work provides a new synthetic route to engineer defective metal and metal alloy electrocatalysts for emerging electrochemical energy conversion and storage applications.
Achieving sustainable development goals through digitalization in ports
Authors: Almeida Fernando , Okon Edet 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSustainable development is crucial to ports due to the interconnection between port activities, the economy, and the environment. This study aims to explore how port digitalization initiatives played the role of promoting sustainable development. To this purpose, the author/authors adopted a mixed methods approach using as database the World Ports Sustainability Program, which features 74 port digitalization initiatives. The first step focused on a quantitative analysis of the distribution of said initiatives in terms of sustainable development goals, followed by a thematic analysis to explore their contribution. The findings indicate that more than 72% of ports addressed sustainable development goals 8, 9, 13, and 17. Digitalization initiatives in ports have mainly focused on improving their infrastructure and operational performance, enabling them to address climate change challenges. This work also recognized the role that partnerships can play in achieving this goal.
Green Late‐Stage Functionalization of Tryptamines
Authors: Xu Jiayi , Zhang Yahui , Cai Qiling , Chen Li , Sun Yang , Liu Qinying , Gao Yu , Chen Haijun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAn efficient and rapid protocol for the oxidative halogenation of tryptamines with 10 % aqueous NaClO has been developed. This reaction is featured by its operational simplicity, metal‐free conditions, no purification, and high yield. Notably, the resulting key intermediates are suitable for further functionalization with various nucleophiles, including amines, N‐aromatic heterocycles, indoles and phenols. The overall transformation exhibits broad functional‐group tolerance and is applicable to the late‐stage functionalization of complex biorelevant molecules.
Stacking Structure of Vaterite Revealed by Atomic Imaging and Diffraction Analysis
Authors: Okumura Taiga , Takahashi Gen , Suzuki Michio , Kogure Toshihiro 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAnhydrous calcium carbonate crystals exist as three polymorphs: calcite, aragonite, and vaterite. Although vaterite is a metastable phase rarely found in the geological environment, it is intriguing that various biominerals are composed of vaterite. The processes of stable vaterite formation in biological systems cannot be understood without elucidating the nature of vaterite. The crystal structure of vaterite has been discussed for nearly a century but is still an open question. Here we propose the actual structure of vaterite by combining atomic imaging and diffraction analysis with simulations of disordered stacking sequences. Vaterite basically appears as layers of hexagonal calcium planes and carbonate (CO32−)‐containing sheets stacked with +60°, −60°, or 180° rotations from the underlying layer. However, equivalent carbonate positions in alternating layers are forbidden, and four‐layer stacking in which the fourth layer rotates 180° relative to the first layer are predominant, forming an orthogonal reciprocal lattice in diffraction patterns. These stacking characteristics replicate the intensity distribution in the electron and X‐ray diffraction patterns. This study has almost completely elucidated the crystal structure and stacking sequence of vaterite. Our findings provide insights into the thermodynamic stability of vaterite, which facilitates comprehension of the biomineralization processes and growth dynamics of calcium carbonate.