bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CAMPUS AND EDUCATION: AN EXPERIENCE WITH PD PATIENTS
Authors: Zuccherato N. , Bordin G. , Evangelista F. , Oliva S. , Susin E. 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYEvery day patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) must focus on their dialysis schedules and on nutritional and therapeutic prescriptions. Unfortunately, over time all these actions may not follow the initial protocol. In order to evaluate patient's knowledge and approach to dialysis, an alternative educational tool to hospital or home was investigated. The campus was utilised as a place for re‐training and detecting and correcting discrepancies in knowledge and the management of techniques.A continuous educational programme involves some re‐training of PD patients and this approach helps us to identify whether the treatment management at home is in accordance with the information given at the start of the dialysis, but there was a need to improve on this and to improve patient understanding and compliance. The campus was chosen as an alternative educational process with the aim of involving the patients themselves and their families to achieve additional benefits and long‐term success of the therapy (7–9).This initiative, outside the hospital and in collaboration with professional figures not affiliated with the dialysis unit, hoped to offer patients new knowledge about: dialysis technique and procedures, prevention of infectious complications, nutrition and physical activity.
HUMAN RIGHTS: IMPLICATIONS FOR PATIENTS AND STAFF
Authors: Dreezen I. , Nys H. 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYOriginating from wider declarations of fundamental human rights, individual human rights in the field of health care, also called patients' rights, have been elaborated, developed and implemented by most international organisations, including the European Union and the World Health Organisation. The Council of Europe is however, particularly prominent in its work in the field of human rights, having drawn up a number of vital international treaties, among them and most importantly the Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine, which strengthens internationally the legal position of the patient and the research subject in setting a minimum level of protection in respect of individual human rights and health and is binding upon the member states that have ratified it. Nonetheless, it needs to be examined to see if the European Union would be a better alternative to regulate these patients' rights.
MONITORING PARAMETERS OF DIALYSIS DOSE
Authors: Kesziová A. , Kinská H. , Pilbauerová K. , Švárová B. , Nejedlý B. , Lopot F. 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYIn order to deliver a specific dialysis dose (Kt/V) to all patients, their product Kt (urea clearance K multiplied by dialysis time t) should be individually adjusted according to total body water (V) of each patient. With dialysis time being fixed in most centres for organisational reasons, such individualisation can be accomplished by individually set blood flow (QB). For a given t, the value of QB also defines the magnitude of the cumulative blood volume (VB=QB*t), i.e. the volume of blood perfused through the dialyser during the whole dialysis time. VB is displayed by every contemporary dialysis machine but not used. The aim of this work was to derive an easy to use approach to QB individualisation based on patient's body weight and dialysis time to obtain a desired Kt/V value which would also be easy to check after dialysis by looking at the obtained VB value.Statistically significant correlation was found between the QB‐based Kt/V estimation and Kt/V determined by the other two methods demonstrating practical feasibility of the novel approach. Kt/V values obtained with the QB prescribed according to patient's body weight tended to be better in females and patients with higher body mass index.
THOUGHTS ABOUT BIOFILM IN DIALYSIS WATER SYSTEMS
Authors: Nystrand Rolf 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYWhat is a biofilm? Basically, a biofilm is formed when a structure or a surface has a growth on it. The growth consists of a community of micro‐organisms, which is active. Growth means that there are metabolic processes taking place.The amount of organisms can be low, and at the beginning there is always just a few, in principle, just one.The surface area covered can also be very small. This will change over time due to the nutritional situation.In this paper the phenomena of surface growth (biofilm) will be reviewed and commented on.
EUROPEAN GUIDELINES FOR VASCULAR ACCESS: CLINICAL ALGORITHMS ON VASCULAR ACCESS FOR HAEMODIALYSIS
Authors: Tordoir Jan HM , Mickley Volker 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYVascular access remains the Achilles heel of end‐stage renal disease patients, receiving haemodialysis. The increase in the number of elderly dialysis patients with additional cardiovascular co‐morbidities and diabetes mellitus makes the creation and maintenance of functioning vascular access, more difficult and cumbersome. Therefore, the development of guidelines for vascular access management seems logical.A team of multidisciplinary vascular access experts created a set of algorithms covering the whole spectrum from pre‐operative vessel assessment, peri‐operative access management and post‐operative follow up and surveillance. Additionally, a range of various access complications with their diagnosis and treatment options were included in these algorithms.The new European guidelines for vascular access augment the knowledge of vascular access problems and their management. Additionally, the use of algorithms facilitates the decision‐making when treating complications by all physicians dedicated to this field of healthcare.
VALIDATION OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY MEASUREMENT FOR PEOPLE ON DIALYSIS TREATMENT
Authors: Wellard S. 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYChronic illness frequently contributes to diminished levels of activity, a consequent increased dependence on health related support services and reduced quality of life. Surprisingly few studies have described activity among people with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). The current study examined the utility and validity of the Human Activity Profile (HAP) for describing activity in a sample of Australians with ESRD. A descriptive design supported the primary objective of validating the use of HAP for an Australian renal population. Data was collected from 65 adults with ESRD under the care of one regional and one metropolitan renal unit in Victoria. The HAP measures physical activity across a range of activities of daily living, including a dyspnoea scale. The Sickness Impact Profile (SIP) describes activities associated with daily living in the areas of physical, psychological and independence. The HAP, SIP and a questionnaire summarising demographic and diagnostic details were administered while each person was undergoing dialysis and the results subsequently compared. This study demonstrates that HAP is a valid measure of activity levels for people with ESRD undergoing maintenance haemodialysis. Additionally, scores on SIP and HAP indicate that this group have low levels of daily activity. These findings support the use of HAP in research to understand the activity levels of ESRD patients and the factors associated with decline.
ADVANCED GLYCATION IN URAEMIC TOXICITY
Authors: de Strihou C. van Ypersele 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYThe Maillard reaction involves the non enzymatic combination of carbohydrates such as glucose with protein aminogroups to yield schiff bases and Amadori protein adducts evolving into irreversible advanced glycation end products (AGEs). This phenomenon, part of normal ageing, is accelerated in diabetes, as a result of hyperglycaemia, and in renal failure, as a consequence of the accumulation of reactive carbonyl compounds (RCOs).AGEs and RCOs are implicated in uraemic toxicity both at the biochemical and the clinical level (dialysis amyloidosis, atherosclerosis, alterations of peritoneal membrane permeability). Reduction of plasma AGEs and RCOs is an interesting avenue to reduce uraemic toxicity. Therapeutic strategies involve dialysis technique (haemodialysis membranes, daily haemodialysis, ultrapure dialysate, RCO free peritoneal dialysate) as well as drugs inhibiting AGE formation (aminoguanidine and the less toxic angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers).
DEPRESSION IN DIALYSIS PATIENTS
Authors: Yucedal C. , Olmez N. , Gezen G. , Celik F. , Altindag A. , Yilmaz ME. , Kara IH. 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYMany psychiatric disorders can be seen in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). Haemodialysis (HD), which is a renal replacement treatment, causes various psychiatric and psychosocial problems. Patients are dependent on treatment and the illness causes various problems. In addition, strict diet and continuous treatment are other stress factors (1,2).Various studies have been published in different regions and countries about the prevalence of depression and the relation between sociodemographic factors and depression in patients treated by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), which has gradually become common in Turkey. However studies, which reflect the authors' region, have become necessary (2,3).
INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATION OF EPOETIN IN HAEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS
Authors: De Vos Jean‐Yves , Upsing Louise 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYRecombinant human erythropoietin (epoetin, rHuEPO) can be administered to haemodialysis patients intravenously or subcutaneously. Although the intravenous route is the originally approved and used route of administration, subcutaneous administration has been quite common throughout Europe since the introduction of prefilled syringes. The intravenous route has been shown to be as effective as the subcutaneous route, but patients should have adequate iron stores. In addition, intravenous administration is patient‐friendly and results in fewer injections, less pain and bruising, and a minimised risk of immunogenicity. Furthermore, intravenous administration of epoetin is convenient for the nurse and is commonly used in Germany, Belgium and the USA.The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the very easy, practical ways of administering epoetin in prefilled syringes during dialysis at machine level, based on the authors' experiences in Belgium and Germany.
USING AND DEVELOPING YOUR EDTNA/ERCA PROFESSIONAL PORTFOLIO
Authors: Thomas N. 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYA portfolio is an instrument for continuing professional development, which can be used by all members of the multidisciplinary team. This paper describes the development of the EDTNA/ERCA Professional Portfolio and discusses how health care professionals are able to complete and utilise the Portfolio in everyday practice. A discussion on reflective practice is presented and a short example of reflective writing is given. The paper concludes with an evaluation of possible Portfolio use in teaching and management and discusses plans for future development.
A UNIVERSITY ACCREDITED RENAL NURSING COURSE DELIVERED BY DISTANCE LEARNING
Authors: Hurst J. 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYContinuous professional development (CPD) is limited in some regions of the UK and within Europe generally. This is compounded for all by limited resources for course fees and the lack of study leave granted away from the clinical area for full‐time courses. This is set against recommendations from national and European governments and renal clinical guidelines concerning expectations of CPD and competency levels of renal nurses (1,2). In the past renal nurses have been trained in all areas of the speciality by local Schools of Nursing linked to renal units. However, since the formation of Trusts in 1990 education delivery has been ring‐fenced and separated from the control of local hospitals by Schools of Nursing being incorporated into Institutes of Higher Education. That has led in some instances to a rationalising of post registration education delivery for some geographical areas. This paper will discuss the development and implementation of a distance learning renal care course taking into consideration the clinical, academic and educational requirements necessary for effective education and training at the post basic level.
EDUCATION TO REDUCE POTASSIUM LEVELS IN ADOLESCENT, HAEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS
Authors: Daǧdeviren A. , Savaşer S. 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYA semi‐experimental survey was carried out. The aims included assessing how knowledgeable adolescents undergoing haemodialysis treatment were regarding hyperkalaemia, and determining how effective an education programme in preventing hyperkalaemia would be. 31 volunteers (twelve girls and nineteen boys), who had two or three haemodialysis treatments a week, were included in the study. Data were obtained through a questionnaire, the answers to which were written down for each participant separately by the researcher. A manual was prepared with the aim of educating children in hyperkalaemia, the participants were taught lessons in groups of two to three at a time. The education programme was completed in eight sessions. At the end of the programme each participant was given a copy of the manual. A month after the education programme, participants were asked to refill the section of the aforesaid questionnaire. The scores in this section had increased, and blood potassium levels had significantly decreased (p=0.02).
A CASE STUDY ‐ INITIATION OF HAEMODIALYSIS
Authors: Gerogianni G. 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYEnd‐stage renal disease (ESRD) is a chronic failure of normal kidney function, which is precipitated by a number of factors, such as diabetes, pyelonephritis, hypertension, and polycystic kidney disease (1). The loss of kidney function is gradual, and many patients do not have any symptoms until the end‐stage of the disease. Killingworth and Van Den Akker (2) point out that people undergoing haemodialysis have to comply with a wide range of medications and restrictions, which affect both their physiological and psychological status.This paper presents a case study of a woman with ESRD, requiring initiation of haemodialysis. An assessment of the patient's health needs is addressed, followed by the implementation and evaluation of the nursing process. Finally, the analysis of the overall plan used in the case study is presented.
TIME DISTRIBUTION FACTORS OF HOSPITAL AND HOME CARE AMONG CHRONIC HAEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS
Authors: Ziegert K. , Högstedt B. , Fridlund B. , Lidell E. 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYToday, many studies are available that focus on haemodialysis; however studies on the time distribution factor involved are lacking. It is therefore important to study the distribution of time, taking into account outpatient care, inpatient care and home care. The aim of the study was to chart over a five‐year period, the time distribution factors of hospital care and home care among chronic haemodialysis patients. The design of the study was descriptive, and the data material was drawn from a patient register (N=61). The data analysis was performed by means of both descriptive and inferential statistics.
PREVENTING CROSS INFECTION OF BLOOD BORNE VIRUSES ON HAEMODIALYSIS
Authors: Nilsson K. 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYA chronic haemodialysis patient acquired hepatitis C. It was thought certain that this had occurred while dialysing in a satellite dialysis unit. The incident initiated a review of current measures in place to prevent the transmission of blood‐borne viruses (BBV) on haemodialysis, with an analysis of current literature on the topic.It was found that the author's unit and several additional local units had no written protocols on prevention of BBV during haemodialysis, and methods of prevention were largely verbally communicated. A review of the literature gave conflicting opinions on the effectiveness of different measures to prevent cross‐infection. Following the assessments and literature review, the appropriateness of certain preventative measures was looked at in more detail. A local protocol was subsequently developed and implemented at the author's Trust, which will significantly change practice in the haemodialysis unit.
EVALUATION OF RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN HAEMODIALYSIS UNIT PROFESSIONALS
Authors: Rivares A.V. , Navarrete I.G. , Pueyo C.G. , Torrent A.M. , Durán M.M. , Gatius J.R. , Mussol L.R. , Solano M. 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYThis paper focuses on the dynamics of a workgroup in a nephrology and haemodialysis unit. Teamwork is indispensable in nephrology units, as it provides support and help to professionals but working closely together may also cause conflict and great strain. This study describes how much and in what way the anxiety and the relationship between these professionals influences their work, depending on skills and personal preferences among the staff. A questionnaire was used to analyse the following issues: stress, changes, routine, confrontation, comparisons, preferences, support, valuation, assertiveness, self‐evaluation, technical competence, affiliation, motivation, work atmosphere and training.
THE RESEARCH BOARD OF THE EUROPEAN DIALYSIS AND TRANSPLANTATION NURSES ASSOCIATION/EUROPEAN RENAL CARE ASSOCIATION (EDTNA/ERCA)
Authors: Zampieron Alessandra , Harrington Maurice , Elseviers Monique , Lindley Elizabeth , De Vos Jean‐Yves , Visser Ronald 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYThe Research Board (RB) of EDTNA/ERCA is a multidisciplinary group, established by the participation of renal care centres all around Europe. The RB also works with the association's Special Interest Groups (SIGs) on developing guidelines for implementing safe renal clinical practice. It is composed of six permanent members, with co‐opted experts from specific fields. This article describes how the RB works and the projects implemented since 1996.
MANAGEMENT OF RENAL ANAEMIA: COMPARISON OF PRACTICE IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC AND NORTHERN ENGLAND
Authors:   EDTNA/ERCA Collaborative Research Programme, Lindley Elizabeth , Pancírová Jitka , Kraciková Jindra , Lopot František , Green Diane , Harrington Maurice , De Vos Jean‐Yves , Elseviers Monique 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYThe EDTNA/ERCA European Practice Database (EPD) questionnaire was piloted in the Czech Republic (CZ), Northern Italy and Northern England (N‐ENG) in early 2003. The questionnaire used in the CZ and N‐ENG featured additional questions on the use of erythropoetin (EPO) and intravenous (IV) iron.There were significant differences in the policies for anaemia management in the CZ and N‐ENG, reflecting the higher level of funding available to centres in the UK. There was also a wide variation in practice between the CZ centres, but not those in N‐ENG, possibly due to the adoption of guidelines that are currently unrealistic. Some centres, particularly those in the CZ, could improve outcomes or reduce overall costs by adopting a more aggressive policy for the use of intravenous iron.
OVERVIEW OF CURRENT THERAPY IN DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Kroker M. 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYDiabetes mellitus can be found world wide and is a disease effecting carbohydrate metabolism. An increase in the number of diabetic patients from 189 billion today to 324 billion worldwide in 2025 is predicted. More than ninety percent suffer from type 2 diabetes. Similar numbers are mentioned for the pre‐diabetic stage of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and metabolic syndrome. It is an important task for the future to use adequate diagnosis‐finding methods and therapies to discern and treat the disturbance of carbohydrate metabolism as early as possible and perhaps slow down further progress in the case of IGT or metabolic syndrome. This should minimize the risk of cardiovascular or organic damage.In contrast to the treatment of type 1 diabetes with intensive insulin regimens, therapy for type 2 diabetes has changed noticeably in the last years. All treatment forms have to account for the results of recent studies which show evidence that long‐ and short‐dated elevation of blood glucose, mostly postprandial appearing peaks can lead to vascular damage with all consequences. The main goal should be to adapt treatment individually, estimating the stage of the disease, the risk of developing or progression of micro‐ or/and macrovascular complications, present risk factors, age and abilities. Non‐pharmacologic and pharmacologic approaches are available.
BLOOD PRESSURE AND CARDIOVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS IN DIABETIC DIALYSIS PATIENTS
Authors: Gutiérrez Vilaplana Josep Ma 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYDiabetic nephropathy is one of the most frequent causes of renal failure. Diabetes increases the cardiovascular risk by 2–4 times that of the general population; hypertension increases this risk. Diabetes is a factor that shortens the survival of renal patients. Appropriate hospital care and attention can diminish complications in these patients and improve quality of life.
COPING AND LIVING WELL WITH DIABETES AND NEPHROPATHY
Authors: Kieboom J. 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYCoping and living with diabetes and nephropathy is not easy. The illness may affect quality of life and can influence the person physically, psychologically and socially. Once on dialysis unfortunately, quality of life is influenced even more. In addition, health professionals demand a great deal of self‐discipline in the care and management of the person's illness. To support the person with these demands it is important to provide good education, treatment and care with the aid of the multi‐disciplinary team‐approach involving a nephrologist/diabetologist, nurse‐educator, dietician, exercise specialist and a social worker/counsellor. With a treatment plan in each discipline and regular aftercare appointments it is hoped that the person will be able to master his illness.
WHEN TO START DIALYSIS IN DIABETIC PATIENTS?
Authors: De Alvaro Fernando 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYDiabetic nephropathy and diabetes related nephropathies represents one of the most common causes of end‐stage renal disease (ESRD), and diabetic patients with chronic renal failure represent the most important high risk cohort of uraemic patients requiring renal replacement therapy. Interventions to slow progression of kidney disease and measures to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease are highly effective in early renal damage and should be the main task of nephrologists, but diabetic patients are more frequently referred late to the nephrologist. Factors involved in the rate of mortality of diabetic patients with ESRD are multiple, including nutritional status, comorbidity, age, etc, but the duration and quality of pre‐dialysis nephrological care constitute a key for improving outcomes of diabetic patients with ESRD.
VASCULAR ACCESS FOR DIALYSIS IN DIABETIC PATIENTS
Authors: Konner K. 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYThere is consent that arteriovenous fistulae as introduced by Brescia et al. (1) are the preferred choice in the field of vascular access for maintenance haemodialysis therapy.Worldwide, a rapidly growing population of older patients suffering from diabetes mellitus, mainly type 2, is observed. The pre‐existing damage to the arterial and/or venous vascular anatomy and the high cardiovascular comorbidity makes it more difficult to construct and to maintain a well functioning arteriovenous fistula (AVF). Problems arise from specific complications of AVF in diabetic patients. Alternative types of vascular access are needed in case arteriovenous access fails completely or cannot be created. It is concluded that old and new techniques in creating, maintaining and revising vascular accesses should be critically revisited for the benefit of the diabetic patient. A new, particularly demanding field in nephrology asks for urgent answers.