bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary responses to polyhydroxylated fullerenols, C60(OH)x
Authors: Xu Jing‐Ying , Han Kaiyu , Li Shu‐Xia , Cheng Jin‐Sheng , Xu Guo‐Tong , Li Wen‐Xin , Li Qing‐Nuan 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAlthough many scientists have been attracted by polyhydroxylated fullerenols for their radical‐scavenging and antioxidant ability in vivo and in vitro and their potential use as a drug or for drug delivery, there is little information on their pulmonary toxicological properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of polyhydroxylated derivatives of fullerene on Sprague–Dawley rats after intratracheal instillation. Polyhydroxylated fullerenols [C60(OH)x, x = 22, 24] were administered intratracheally (1, 5 or 10 mg per rat). Following 3‐day exposures, the lungs of the rats were assessed using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid biomarkers and a pathological evaluation of lung tissue. Exposures to 1 mg per rat did not induce adverse pulmonary toxicity, while the two other doses induced cell injury effect, oxidative/nitrosative stress and inflammation, showing that C60(OH)x produced responses in a dose‐dependent manner. The dosage of C60(OH)x retained in lung and the ensuing aggregation might be the main factor in the process. Our results might shed light on the possible use of C60(OH)x as an inhaled drug. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toward the integration of cytomics and medicine
Authors: Leif Robert C. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe integration of cytomics research and healthcare informatics will facilitate technology transfer and reduce medical costs. The CytometryML prototype of the Advanced Cytometry Standard (ACS) has the benefits of including microscopic image and flow list‐mode data, being based on XML and thus is compatible with existing medical and scientific informatics standards, such as HL7, and employing a design based upon the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) standard. The reuse of the well tested DICOM model resulted in a great decrease in the design and documentation effort and increased probability of reliability. Schemas for flow cytometers and microscopes have been created. XML schemas for two related types of container (ZIP) files have been specified for a set of measurements. The series and instance containers respectively include the metadata that is constant and the metadata that is specific to an individual or small closely related group of measurements. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
OCT technology development: Where are we now? A commercial perspective
Authors: Holmes Jon 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe field of optical coherence tomography (OCT) has grown enormously since its inception in 1991 at MIT, encompassing many areas of imaging research. Improvements in the optical technology used in OCT systems, and in the design of the OCT interferometers and probes, has resulted in steadily improving image quality and more practical probe designs. Successful commercial application of OCT occurred first in retina imaging, and many further applications now appear ripe for translation from the laboratory to the marketplace. In this paper, I review this translation process from a commercial perspective, and attempt to draw helpful conclusions. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Adhesion of human leukocytes on mixtures of hydroxyl‐ and methyl‐terminated self‐assembled monolayers: Effect of blood protein adsorption
Authors: Barbosa Judite N. , Martins M. C. L. , Freitas Sidónio C. , Gonçalves Inês C. , Águas Artur P. , Barbosa Mário A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe adhesion of human leukocytes to nanostructured surfaces with different chemical properties and the effect of protein adsorption were investigated. Self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) prepared with mixtures of methyl‐ and hydroxyl‐terminated alkanethiols in different percentages on gold were used. The surfaces were pre‐immersed in distinct protein solutions (human serum albumin, human fibrinogen, and autologous plasma). Adherent leukocytes were analyzed both by light and SEM. SAMs submitted to pre‐immersion in plasma presented higher numbers of adherent leukocytes in the pure OH‐terminated SAM, whereas methyl‐terminated surfaces accounted for the lowest number of adherent cells. We observed a general increase in the number of adherent human leukocytes as the percentage of OH groups on the surface of the SAMs increased for all the pre‐immersion conditions investigated. The number of adherent human leukocytes is highly influenced by the pre‐immersion conditions used, and this observation is particularly relevant in the case of the methyl‐terminated SAMs. The results obtained demonstrate that surface chemistry has a major influence in leukocyte adhesion to biomaterials, and that pre‐immersion in protein solutions has a determinant effect in leukocyte adhesion. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Characterization of the biological effect of fish fibrin glue in experiments on rats: Immunological and coagulation studies
Authors: Laidmäe Ivo , Salum Tiit , Sawyer Evelyn S. , Janmey Paul A. , Uibo Raivo 
Published: May 2009

AbstractFibrin glues (FG) of human or bovine origin are widely used for haemostasis and wound healing. In addition FGs are studied in many biomedical areas like cell therapy or tissue engineering. As any mammalian plasma products FG‐s pose risk of transmission of bacteria, viruses, or prions and may compromise patient homeostasis. In this study, we examined coagulation parameters and immunological status of rats treated with salmon‐derived FG. We evaluated the changes in thrombin time, prothrombin activity, and presence of antibodies on 46 Wistar rats. This study shows that salmon‐derived FG, injected intraperitoneally, does not cause coagulation disturbances in the peripheral blood. After a first challenge with salmon‐derived FG there were low but detectable amounts of antibodies revealed by ELISA and immunoblot. After a second administration there was substantial elevation of antibodies to FG components and other copurifying plasma proteins. Antibody reactivity to human Factor Va, revealed in three animals, was not associated with FG application. Taken together, blood immunological and coagulation parameters support the suitability of salmon‐derived FG in the development of fibrin sealants for medical use. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Effect of Nitinol surface treatments on its physico‐chemical properties
Authors: Pérez Luis Manuel , Gracia‐Villa Luis , Puértolas José Antonio , Arruebo Manuel , Irusta Silvia , Santamaría Jesús 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe main purpose of this work is the study of different physicochemical treatments on Nitinol slabs and wires, with the aim of inducing the formation of a TiO2 surface film capable of increasing the corrosion resistance of the material and of reducing the release of Ni when the Nitinol samples were immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF). To this end, a battery of measurements (surface roughness, contact angle, electrochemical corrosion, chemical analysis as a function of depth, and Ni release to SBF) has been used to characterize Nitinol commercial samples, as received, and also after the different treatments performed. The results clearly indicate the effectiveness of the passivation TiO2 layer as a barrier against Ni leaching, and the detrimental effects of any processes (such as polishing or cutting) that result in exposure of areas not coated by the TiO2 film. Chemical methods such as oxidation in nitric acid or hydrothermal treatment of the samples (by prolonged immersion in boiling water) seem to provide simple and efficient ways of forming TiO2 films of adequate thickness on the Nitinol surface. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
FT‐Raman, FTIR and density functional theory studies of a hydrogen‐bonded formamide:pyridine complex
Authors: Jacinto Filipe S. F. , Siqueira Leonardo J. A. , Alves Wagner A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractRaman and IR experiments have been carried out on formamide (FA) and pyridine (Py) mixtures at different compositions. The appearance of a new Raman band at 996 cm−1 (ν1 region of Py), whose intensity depends on the FA concentration, is assigned to an FA:Py adduct and this result is in excellent agreement with those of other authors who employed noisy light‐based coherent Raman scattering spectroscopy (I(2) CARS). Another band at 1587 cm−1 (ν8 region of Py) has been observed for the first time by using Raman and IR spectroscopies. Its intensity shows the same dependence on the FA concentration and this fact allows us to also attribute it to an FA:Py adduct. The good relationship between the Raman and IR data demonstrates the potential of the vibrational spectroscopy for this kind of study. Owing to higher absolute Raman scattering cross section, the ν1 region of Py has been chosen for the quantitative analysis and a stoichiometry of 1:1 FA:Py is reported. The experimental data are very well supported by the density functional theory (DFT) calculation, which was employed for the first time to the present system. Furthermore, the actual investigation shows an excellent agreement with those reported from computational calculations for similar systems. A comparison with our previous studies confirms that the solvent dielectric constant determines the stoichiometry of a given Lewis acid–base adduct in the infinite dilution limit. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of storage condition and domestic cooking on the quality and nutrient content of African leafy vegetables (Cassia tora and Corchorus tridens)
Authors: Prabhu Snehal , Barrett Diane M 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: The main objective of this research was to determine changes in nutrient content of two African leafy vegetables, Cassia tora and Corchorus tridens, on cooking and storage under different temperature conditions, i.e. room storage (20 °C), refrigerated storage (4 °C) and frozen storage (−18 °C).RESULTS: The leafy vegetables were analysed for moisture, colour (Hunter L, a, b), texture, total chlorophyll, ascorbic acid, dehydroascorbic acid and total phenolics. Results indicated that the degradation of ascorbic acid was highest as a result of frozen storage, followed by room temperature storage. The dehydroascorbic acid content was correspondingly high in frozen stored leafy vegetables, whereas it was undetectable in the room temperature and refrigerated stored materials. The total phenolic content of the leaves increased with storage time while the total chlorophyll content decreased under all storage conditions. Domestic cooking resulted in significant additional losses of ascorbic acid following storage under all temperature conditions, with only 1–10% retention in the leaves and 50–60% retention in the cooking water. The green colour of the leafy vegetables was retained best under refrigerated and frozen storage, while the peak force and toughness of the leaves increased upon storage under all conditions. The moisture content of the leafy vegetables did not show any significant difference on storage.CONCLUSION: This study is one of few to report nutrient content changes on the same raw material stored under various temperature conditions and cooked domestically. Refrigerated storage resulted in the highest retention of ascorbic acid and green colour in the leafy vegetables. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Nanocomposite polymer films containing carvacrol for antimicrobial active packaging
Authors: Persico Paola , Ambrogi Veronica , Carfagna Cosimo , Cerruti Pierfrancesco , Ferrocino Ilario , Mauriello Gianluigi 
Published: May 2009

AbstractNanocomposite films based on low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) containing carvacrol were prepared and characterized with the aim to get antimicrobial active packaging. Organo‐modified montmorillonite (MMT) was used as filler. The weak interaction between LDPE and clay led to the formation of intercalated systems. On the other hand, strong interaction between carvacrol and organosilicate allowed a good dispersion of the oil into the clay galleries, promoting the swelling of MMT stacks and a higher polymer/clay interface. As a result, carvacrol was protected against thermal degradation and its release from the films was efficiently delayed. Moreover, outstanding thermal oxidative stability as well as improved oxygen barrier properties were detected in the nanocomposite containing carvacrol. The presence of clay and carvacrol also increased LDPE crystallinity, due to an enhanced nucleation activity, while the mechanical properties of the films were slightly affected. The antimicrobial properties of carvacrol containing films were tested, showing a significant activity against several bacterial strains, which is preserved in presence of the clay. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Selectivity of allylic coagent‐mediated polypropylene maleation
Authors: Sengupta Saurav S. , Parent J. Scott , Chaudhary Bharat I. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe peroxide‐initiated cografting of maleic anhydride (MAn) and allylic coagents to polypropylene (PP) is described. Both triallyl trimesate (TAM) and triallyl phosphate (TAP) are shown to be compatible with MAn, as the presence of either coagent has no apparent effect on the yield or distribution of anhydride grafts within functionalized PP. Therefore, the influence of chain scission on the melt‐state rheological properties of maleated PP can be mitigated using coagent‐assisted crosslinking. The success of this cografting strategy for controlling melt viscosity is shown to depend on the extent that a bimodal, branched architecture can provide the rheological properties demanded by a given application. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Quantitative measurement of the polydispersity in the extent of functionalization of glass‐forming calix[4]resorcinarenes
Authors: Wallace W. E. , Flynn K. M. , Guttman C. M. , VanderHart D. L. , Prabhu V. M. , De Silva A. , Felix N. M. , Ober C. K. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe polydispersity in the degree of functionalization for two calix[4]resorcinarenes was determined by measuring quantitatively their molecular mass distribution with matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. A mathematical method for polydisperse materials is described that creates a calibration curve to correct the ion signal intensities in the mass spectrum to give a more reliable molecular mass distribution. Correction is required due to various sample preparation and instrumental effects that may produce a systematic mass bias in the number of oligomers measured. This method employs gravimetric mixtures of analytes with different degrees of functionalization. One calix[4]resorcinarene was found to give accurate molecular mass distributions with little correction, while another, having a very similar molecular structure, was found to exhibit strong over‐counting of the oligomers having a high degree of functionalization. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Abrogation of E-Cadherin-Mediated Cell–Cell Contact in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Results in Reversible LIF-Independent Self-Renewal
Authors: Soncin Francesca , Mohamet Lisa , Eckardt Dominik , Ritson Sarah , Eastham Angela M. , Bobola Nicoletta , Russell Angela , Davies Steve , Kemler Rolf , Merry Catherine L.R. , Ward Christopher M. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that differentiation of embryonic stem (ES) cells is associated with downregulation of cell surface E-cadherin. In this study, we assessed the function of E-cadherin in mouse ES cell pluripotency and differentiation. We show that inhibition of E-cadherin-mediated cell–cell contact in ES cells using gene knockout (Ecad−/−), RNA interference (EcadRNAi), or a transhomodimerization-inhibiting peptide (CHAVC) results in cellular proliferation and maintenance of an undifferentiated phenotype in fetal bovine serum-supplemented medium in the absence of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). Re-expression of E-cadherin in Ecad−/−, EcadRNAi, and CHAVC-treated ES cells restores cellular dependence to LIF supplementation. Although reversal of the LIF-independent phenotype in Ecad−/− ES cells is dependent on the β-catenin binding domain of E-cadherin, we show that β-catenin null (βcat−/−) ES cells also remain undifferentiated in the absence of LIF. This suggests that LIF-independent self-renewal of Ecad−/− ES cells is unlikely to be via β-catenin signaling. Exposure of Ecad−/−, EcadRNAi, and CHAVC-treated ES cells to the activin receptor-like kinase inhibitor SB431542 led to differentiation of the cells, which could be prevented by re-expression of E-cadherin. To confirm the role of transforming growth factor β family signaling in the self-renewal of Ecad−/− ES cells, we show that these cells maintain an undifferentiated phenotype when cultured in serum-free medium supplemented with Activin A and Nodal, with fibroblast growth factor 2 required for cellular proliferation. We conclude that transhomodimerization of E-cadherin protein is required for LIF-dependent ES cell self-renewal and that multiple self-renewal signaling networks subsist in ES cells, with activity dependent upon the cellular context.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
The relationship between nicotinic receptors and cognitive functioning in healthy aging: An in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) study with 2‐[18F]fluoro‐A‐85380
Authors: Ellis J.R. , Nathan P.J. , Villemagne V.L. , Mulligan R.S. , Ellis K.A. , Tochon‐Danguy H.J. , Chan J.G. , O'keefe G.J. , Bradley J. , Savage G. , Rowe C.C. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractExtensive experimental and neuropathological evidence supports the general hypothesis that decline in the basal forebrain cholinergic system contributes significantly to age‐related cognitive impairment. Postmortem studies suggest reductions in neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs, particularly the α4β2subtype) with aging. This study aimed to determine the distribution of α4β2‐subtype nAChRs in vivo by 2‐FA PET in healthy subjects (aged 21–83) and to establish whether there is an age‐related decline in nAChRs. Furthermore, the relationship between PET measures of 2‐FA binding and neurobehavioral measures of cognitive function was investigated. All participants were nonsmokers and underwent extensive cognitive testing and a PET scan after injection of 2‐FA (200 MBq). Brain regional 2‐FA binding was assessed through a simplified estimation of distribution volume (DVS). As expected, increasing age was associated with poorer cognitive performance, particularly on tasks assessing episodic memory and attentional processes. No significant age‐related differences in regional nAChR DVSwere found. Furthermore, no significant correlations were found between cognitive measures and nAChR DVS. These results are consistent with recent studies suggesting the stability of cholinergic markers during senescence. It is plausible that changes in α4β2nAChRs do occur with advancing age, but are beyond detection by the clinical 2‐FA PET approach adopted here. However, this approach may be appropriate for use in pathologies considered to undergo extensive nAChR loss such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Synapse 63:752–763, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Serotonergic‐postsynaptic receptors modulate gripping‐induced immobility episodes in maletaieprats
Authors: Eguibar José R. , Cortés M.C. , Ita M.L. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractTheTaieprat is a myelin mutant with a motor syndrome characterized by tremor, ataxia, immobility, epilepsy, and paralysis. The rat shows a hypomyelination followed by a progressive demyelination. During immobilitiestaieprats show a REM‐like sleep pattern and a disorganized sleep‐wake pattern suggestingtaieprats as a model of narcolepsy‐cataplexy. Our study analyzed the role of postsynaptic serotonin receptors in the expression of gripping‐induced immobility episodes (IEs) in 8‐month‐old maletaieprats. The specific postsynaptic serotonin agonist ±1‐(2,5‐dimethoxy‐4‐iodoamphetamine hydrochloride (±DOI) decreased the frequency of gripping‐induced IEs, but that was not the case with α‐methyl‐serotonin maleate (α‐methyl‐5HT), a nonspecific postsynaptic agonist. Although the serotonin antagonists, ketanserine and metergoline, produced a biphasic effect, first a decrease followed by an increase with higher doses, similar effects were obtained with a mean duration of gripping‐induced IEs. These findings correlate with the pharmacological observations in narcoleptic dogs and humans in which serotonin‐reuptake inhibitors improve cataplexy, particularly in long‐term treatment that could change the serotonin receptor levels. Polysomnographic recordings showed an increase in the awakening time and a decrease in the slow wave and rapid eye movement sleep concomitant with a decrease in immobilities after use of ±DOI, this being stronger with the highest dose. Taken together, our results show that postsynaptic serotonin receptors are involved in the modulation in gripping‐induced IEs caused by the changes in the organization of the sleep‐wake cycle intaieprats. It is possible that specific agonists, without side effects, could be a useful treatment in human narcoleptic patients. Synapse 63:737–744, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fetal loss rate after chorionic villus sampling and amniocentesis: an 11‐year national registry study
Authors: Tabor A. , Vestergaard C. H. F. , Lidegaard Ø. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the fetal loss rate following amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling (CVS).MethodsThis was a national registry‐based cohort study, including all singleton pregnant women who had an amniocentesis (n= 32 852) or CVS (n= 31 355) in Denmark between 1996 and 2006. Personal registration numbers of women having had an amniocentesis or a CVS were retrieved from the Danish Central Cytogenetic Registry, and cross‐linked with the National Registry of Patients to determine the outcome of each pregnancy. Postprocedural fetal loss rate was defined as miscarriage or intrauterine demise before 24 weeks of gestation.ResultsThe miscarriage rates were 1.4% (95% CI, 1.3–1.5) after amniocentesis and 1.9% (95% CI, 1.7–2.0) after CVS. The postprocedural loss rate for both procedures did not change during the 11‐year study period, and was not correlated with maternal age. The number of procedures a department performed had a significant effect on the risk of miscarriage. In departments performing fewer than 500 amniocenteses, the odds ratio for fetal loss was 2.2 (95% CI, 1.6–3.1) when compared to departments performing more than 1500 procedures during the 11‐year period. For CVS the risk of miscarriage was 40% greater in departments performing 500–1000 and 1001–1500 as compared to those performing more than 1500 procedures.ConclusionsThe miscarriage rates (i.e. spontaneous loss and procedure‐related loss) after amniocentesis and CVS were 1.4% and 1.9%, respectively. This difference may be explained by the difference in gestational age at the time of the procedures. The miscarriage rate was inversely correlated with the number of procedures performed in a department. Copyright © 2009 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Courtier's Progress: Greed and Consistency in the Life of the Earl of Holland
Authors: Donagan Barbara 
Published: June 2009

Historians have not been kind to Henry Rich, earl of Holland. When they have noticed him, it has been to express moral disapproval. William Godwin spoke austerely of his ‘superficial and gaudy levity’; Clarendon imputed mercenary motives for his trimming in the English civil war; other writers have deplored his general unreliability or his frivolity and cowardice; and his career has been magisterially dismissed:The personal beauty and untimely fate of Holland [have] thrown an interest over his history which neither his capacity nor his conduct would otherwise have justified.