bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Large Language Model Scaling with Micro Batch Pipeline and Inference Parallelism
Authors: Quan Doudou , Wang Ruoxi , Lian Zhu , Wang Naixin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Natural language processing has seen transformative progress with the development of sophisticated models capable of generating and understanding human language with high accuracy. The novel concept of integrating micro batch pipeline and inference parallelism represents a significant leap in optimizing the scalability and efficiency of these models. Through comprehensive experimentation with a modified GPT-Neo, substantial improvements were achieved in throughput, latency, perplexity, and BLEU scores, highlighting the effectiveness of the proposed methodologies. The enhanced model demonstrated superior performance in processing large datasets, maintaining high accuracy and quality of outputs, thereby addressing critical bottlenecks in computational load and resource constraints. The study demonstrates the potential of advanced parallelism techniques in revolutionizing model training and deployment, contributing valuable insights into the future of natural language processing and artificial intelligence.
SARS-CoV2 infection in whole lung primarily targets macrophages that display subset-specific responses
Authors: Manh Thien-Phong Vu , Gouin Carla , De Wolf Julien , Jouneau Luc , Pascale Florentina , Bevilacqua Claudia , Gouilh Meriadeg Ar , Costa Bruno Da , Chevalier Christophe , Glorion Matthieu ,   Laurent Hannouche1, Urien Céline , Estephan Jérôme , Magnan Antoine , Guen Morgan Le , Marquant Quentin , Descamps Delphyne , Dalod Marc , Schwartz-Cornil Isabelle , Sage Edouard 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Deciphering the initial steps of SARS-CoV-2 infection, that influence COVID-19 outcomes, is challenging because animal models do not always reproduce human biological processes and in vitro systems do not recapitulate the histoarchitecture and cellular composition of respiratory tissues. To address this, we developed an innovative ex vivo model of whole human lung infection with SARS-CoV-2, leveraging a lung transplantation technique. Through single-cell RNA-seq, we identified that alveolar and monocyte-derived macrophages (AMs and MoMacs) were initial targets of the virus. Exposure of isolated lung AMs, MoMacs, classical monocytes and non-classical monocytes (ncMos) to SARS-CoV-2 variants revealed that while all subsets responded, MoMacs produced higher levels of inflammatory cytokines than AMs, and ncMos contributed the least. A Wuhan lineage appeared to be more potent than a D614G virus, in a dose-dependent manner. Amidst the ambiguity in the literature regarding the initial SARS-CoV-2 cell target, our study reveals that AMs and MoMacs are dominant primary entry points for the virus, and suggests that their responses may conduct subsequent injury, depending on their abundance, the viral strain and dose. Interfering on virus interaction with lung macrophages should be considered in prophylactic strategies.
Genetic Variability and Association of Traits among Sorghum Genotypes [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] Under Drought Stress Area
Authors: Tilaye Ambesu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Drought is one of the most important factors that affect crop production worldwide and continues to be a challenge to plant breeders, despite many decades of research. Understanding the genetic variability among sorghum genotypes is the key objective to develop improved sorghum cultivars for drought-prone environments. The field experiment was conducted at Miesso during the 2021 main cropping season. A set of 72 sorghum genotypes advanced from a pedigree breeding approach was used in this study. The experiment was laid out using a Row-Column design with two replications. R statistical software was used to analyze the data. The analysis of variance indicated that there were significant variations among the tested genotypes for the studied traits. Genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation ranged from 0.56–23.88% and 0.66–28.99% respectively. Broad sense heritability ranged from 25.56–86.87% while genetic advance as a percent of mean ranged from 1.11–43.40%. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that five principal components with Eigenvalue greater than unity accounted for 74.1% of the total variation. Cluster analysis grouped the test genotypes into five clusters. Cluster I, II, III, IV, and V accounted for 41.667%, 6.944%, 26.389%, 16.667%, and 8.333% of the tested genotypes in that order. The highest intra-cluster distance was observed for cluster V whereas the maximum inter-cluster distance was observed between cluster IV and V. The lowest intra-cluster distance was observed for cluster III, whereas clusters I and III showed the lowest inter-cluster distance. The overall study revealed the presence of wide genetic variability among the studied sorghum genotypes in the study area where moisture stress is a critical problem for sorghum production.
Perspectives on Organ Donation and the Relationship Between Spiritual Beliefs and Willingness to Donate: a Cross-sectional Study of Nigerian Medical and Allied Health Students
Authors: Ibeabuchi Kingsley Chinemerem , Mbagwu Smart Ikechukwu , Nnaka Jude Amechi , Suleiman Muritala Odidi , Gbadegesin Ojo Stephen , Okafor Izuchukwu Azuka 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction
This study explored how the spiritual beliefs of medical and allied health students affect their willingness for organ donation.
Materials and Methods
An online questionnaire developed from interviews and Spirituality Orientation Inventory was used to survey 604 Nigerian medical and allied health students, including questions on students’ views on organ donation, spiritual beliefs, and spiritual reasons for organ donation choices. Descriptive analysis, crosstabulation, and Chi-squared tests, were used to determine proportions, and relationships between the variables, respectively. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.
Results
The majority (72.6%) of students support organ donation in principle. Yet only 38.25% are willing to donate posthumously, with 37.1% undecided, and a mere 16.89% willing to donate while alive. Predominantly, students identify as Christians (87.7%) or Muslims (11.6%). Approximately 43.05% are uncertain if their religion endorses organ donation, while 55.46% aim to follow their religious teachings and 25.99% try to do so. Belief in reincarnation (38.9%) and life after death (72.9%) are prevalent among respondents. Notably, the belief in reincarnation, life after death, and religious adherence significantly influences willingness to donate organs, whether posthumously or while alive (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
There is a noteworthy disparity between the theoretical support for organ donation and the actual willingness to donate, particularly while alive, among Nigerian students. The strong correlation between specific spiritual beliefs and the willingness to donate organs, emphasizes the substantial influence of spirituality on this decision-making process. There is therefore a need to consider spiritual factors when devising strategies to meet the increasing demand for donor organs.
WITHDRAWN: Laboratory Study On Mechanical Response And Failure Mechanism of Red-Bed Soft Rock Under Water-Rock Interaction
Authors: Liu Chi , Liu Xiaoli , Sun Huan , Wang Mingyang , Wu Chunlu , Wang Enzhi , Wang Sijing 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn by the authors while they make corrections to the work. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference. Questions should be directed to the corresponding author.
Estimation of the crop water stress index (CWSI) of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) using sensor-based irrigation scheduling for different irrigation levels
Authors: Madane Dnyaneshwar Arjun , Samiksha  , Kaur Gurveer 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

The crop water stress index (CWSI) is an important technique for determining stress levels in the plant and directing irrigation management techniques. To determine the CWSI for sunflower, a pot-based research trial was carried out in the research field of the Department of Soil and Water Engineering, PAU, Ludhiana (India) during the summer of 2023. The sensor-based irrigation scheduling was carried out on the basis of the depletion of total available soil moisture (TASM). The drip irrigation treatments consist of I1 (full irrigation), I2 (20% depletion of TASM), and I3 (40% depletion of TASM). The results revealed that the highest amount of water applied under I1 was recorded at 484.4 mm, while I2 (387.5 mm) and I3 (290.7 mm) during the growing season of sunflower. The results revealed that for kernel diameter and seed weight, I1 and I2 were statistically non-significant to each other while I1 and I3 were statistically significant to each other. The highest water productivity recorded for I2, followed by I3. The overall findings revealed that an average CWSI value of 0.85 for the sunflower crop falls within the range of lower and upper baselines. The response of physico-chemical properties of sunflower seeds showed a high correlation with the draught condition.
Unmanned surface vehicle for intelligent water quality assessment to promote sustainable human health
Authors: Qadir Muhammad Ibtsaam , Mumtaz Rafia , Manzoor Mariam , Saleem Misbah , Khan Muhammad Ajmal , Charlesworth Susanne 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Deteriorating water quality poses a substantial risk to human health, with billions at risk of waterborne diseases due to contamination. Insufficient water quality data augment risks as conventional monitoring methods lack comprehensive coverage. Technologies like the Internet of Things and machine learning offer real-time water quality monitoring and classification. IoT nodes often provide point data insufficient for monitoring the quality of entire water bodies. Remote sensing, though useful, has limitations such as measuring only optically active parameters and being affected by climate and resolution issues. To address these challenges, an unmanned surface vehicle named `AquaDrone' has been developed. AquaDrone traverses water bodies, collecting data of four key parameters (pH, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, and temperature) along with GPS coordinates. The data is transmitted to a web portal via LoRa communication and Wi-Fi, where visualizations like data tables, trendlines and color-coded heatmaps are generated. A multilayer perceptron classifies water quality into five categories, aiding in real-time classification. A comparative analysis of various oversampling techniques has been conducted in the context of water quality classification. The AquaDrone offers a feasible solution for monitoring quality of small to medium-sized water bodies, crucial for safeguarding public health.
Project management using the developed AHP–VIKOR method with the fuzzy approach
Authors: Milojkovic Ivan , Prascevic Natasa 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
There are many factors to consider when designing a sewerage pumping station (SPS), such as sizing the system, pump type, cooperation between pumps, SPS elevation, wastewater discharge location, system venting, correct number of inflows into the pumping station (PS) reservoir, and chemical resistance of the installations. In this study, we developed a multi-criteria-decision-making (MCDM) fuzzy AHP–VIKOR method with the aim to contribute to the improvement and development of MCDM methods. By combining and improving the existing AHP and VIKOR methods with the application of fuzzy logic theory, a novel fuzzy AHP–VIKOR method is for easier and clearer obtaining of optimal solutions. The new method was applied to obtain the findings in the analysis of four complex design solutions for canalisation, treatment, and pumping of atmospheric wastewater in the SPS in Makiš, an urban neighbourhood of Belgrade in Serbia. The analysis was carried out in relation to the stability of the solution by way of considering the use of different methods of MCDM optimisation, while taking into account ways of channelling, treatment, and evacuation of wastewater.
Comparison of the Effects of Different Coating Matrices on Cell Binding and Nitric Oxide-mediated Protein S-nitrosylation in Endothelial Cells under Shear Flow
Authors: Lin Ming-Chung , Lin Ming-Wei , Sulistyowati Erna , Kao Ching-Chieh , Liu Chung-Jung , Huang Shu-Ping , Hsu Sodio C. N. , Huang Bin 
Published: June 2024

Objective:
Shear flow is a mechanical signal regulating the function of Endothelial
Cells (ECs). The present study aimed to investigate the effects of different matrices on cell binding,
Nitric Oxide (NO) production, protein S-nitrosylation, expression of adhesion proteins, ROS
generation, and cell viability in ECs under shear flow.

Methods:
The ECs growing on glass slides separately coated with poly-L-lysine (p-Lys), collagen
(Colla), fibronectin (Fibro), and a combined matrix (Colla+Fibro) were exposed to shear flow (25
dyne/cm2) for 0, 1, 4, 8 h. The number of ECs remaining attached on the glass slide was calculated.
The expressions of endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS), peNOSS1177, VE-cadherin, FAK,
and S-nitrosylated proteins were investigated by western blotting. The production of Nitric Oxide
(NO) was measured by a specific reagent. Finally, the levels of ROS and cell viability were monitored.

Results:
Under a constant shear flow for 1 h, the physiological responses of ECs were similar between
these four matrices. When shear flow was extended to 4 and 8 h, higher cell binding, elevated
NO production, increased S-nitrosylated proteins, enhanced expressions of FAK and VE-cadherin,
mildly accumulated ROS, and cell death were observed in the matrix of Fibro and Colla+Fibro.

Conclusion:
We have concluded fibronectin to be the optimal matrix facilitating NO-mediated Snitrosylation
that might be essential for superior binding efficiency, thereby preventing the stripping
of ECs under shear flow. The results can be broadly applied to diverse biomechanical
studies.
Pharmaceutical Applications and Advances with Zetasizer: An Essential
Analytical Tool for Size and Zeta Potential Analysis
Authors: Garg Sonakshi , Patel Preeti , Gupta Ghanshyam Das , Kurmi Balak Das 
Published: June 2024

:
Zetasizer is an advanced device that measures various properties of particles or molecules
suspended in a liquid medium. It is extensively used for evaluating the size of nanoparticles,
colloids, and biomolecular particles, and for determining particle charge. There are several analytical
techniques by which the size, zeta potential, and molecular weight can be determined, like Dynamic
Light Scattering (DLS) that measures the size of particles in dispersed systems, which can
range from sub-nanometers to several micrometers in diameter. Electrophoretic Light Scattering
(ELS) analyzes the mobility and charge of particles, also known as the zeta potential. Static Light
Scattering (SLS) determines the molecular weight of particles in a solution. The Zetasizer is part of
the Zetasizer Advance range of benchtop systems available for laboratory use. The Zetasizer Ultra
model offers unique measurement capabilities, such as Multi-angle Dynamic Light Scattering
(MADLS) and particle concentration. These features offer a deeper understanding of samples, making
the Zetasizer a vital instrument in numerous scientific and industrial applications. In this review,
we have discussed Zetasizer’s principles for the determination of particle size, zeta potential,
and molecular weight, along with its qualification and applications in different formulations.
The effectiveness of experiential learning modules in increasing problem-solving ability of new employees
Authors: Ken Budiarto Helmy Gania , Fauziah Puji Yanti , Purwanto Nurtanio Agus 
Published: June 2024

This research aims to know the effectiveness of experiential learning modules in increasing Problem solving ability of new fresh graduate employee in SDIT Assisi and Sari Asih Hospital. This study employed a quasi-experimental research design that Pre-Post test Control Group Design was utilized in this study's experiment, in which two classes—treatment and control class—were used. Data collection techniques included pre and post-test, observation, and documentation. The results of research on training using EL module show that pre and post-test results obtain a sig. value of 0.056 0.05 confidence level, indicating that there is no significant difference in problem-solving ability of fresh graduates using EL module afterward. Meanwhile, the results of pre and post-test in the control and treatment class obtained results with a Sig. value of 0.094 0.05 confidence level. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is no significant difference in problem-solving ability of fresh graduate employees between training used EL modules and those that didn’t use EL modules.
Association Between Socioeconomic Inequalities in Pain and All-Cause Mortality in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study: Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Zhang Zhuo , Xue Dongmei , Bian Ying 
Published: June 2024

Background
Few studies focus on the equality of pain, and the relationship between pain and death is inconclusive. Investigating the distribution of pain and potential mortality risks is crucial for ameliorating painful conditions and devising targeted intervention measures.

Objective
Our study aimed to investigate the association between inequalities in pain and all-cause mortality in China.

Methods
Longitudinal cohort data from waves 1 and 2 of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011-2013) were used in this study. Pain was self-reported at baseline, and death information was obtained from the 2013 follow-up survey. The concentration index and its decomposition were used to explain the inequality of pain, and the association between pain and death was analyzed with a Cox proportional risk model.

Results
A total of 16,747 participants were included, with an average age of 59.57 (SD 9.82) years. The prevalence of pain was 32.54% (8196/16,747). Among participants with pain, the main pain type was moderate pain (1973/5426, 36.36%), and the common pain locations were the waist (3232/16,747, 19.3%), legs (2476/16,747, 14.78%) and head (2250/16,747, 13.44%). We found that the prevalence of pain was concentrated in participants with low economic status (concentration index –0.066, 95% CI –0.078 to –0.054). Educational level (36.49%), location (36.87%), and economic status (25.05%) contributed significantly to the inequality of pain. In addition, Cox regression showed that pain was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 1.30, 95% CI 1.06-1.61).

Conclusions
The prevalence of pain in Chinese adults is concentrated among participants with low economic status, and pain increases the risk of all-cause death. Our results highlight the importance of socioeconomic factors in reducing deaths due to pain inequalities by implementing targeted interventions.
Childhood Gender Diversity and Mental Health: Protocol for the Longitudinal, Observational Gender Journey Project
Authors: Hidalgo Marco A , Chen Diane , Tishelman Amy C , Olson-Kennedy Johanna , Chan Yee-Ming , Garofalo Robert , Petras Hanno , Rosenthal Stephen M , Ehrensaft Diane 
Published: June 2024

Background
Prepubertal transgender, nonbinary, and gender-diverse (TGD) children (ie, those asserting gender identity, expressing gender-role behavior outside of culturally defined norms for their sex registered at birth, or both) are presenting in greater numbers to pediatric gender clinics across the United States and abroad. A large subset of TGD children experiences gender dysphoria, that is, distress that arises from the incongruence between gender identity and sex registered at birth. A lack of consensus exists regarding care for prepubertal TGD children due, in part, to a dearth of empirical research on longitudinal developmental trajectories of gender identity, role behavior, and gender dysphoria (when present).

Objective
The objective of this National Institutes of Health–funded study is to provide evidence to inform clinical care for prepubertal TGD children by establishing a US longitudinal cohort (N=248) of prepubertal TGD children and their caregivers that is followed prospectively at 6-month intervals across 18 months.

Methods
At each timepoint, clinical and behavioral data are collected via web-based visit from child and caregiver reporters. Latent class analysis, among other methods, is used to identify subgroups and longitudinally characterize the gender identity and gender-role behavior of TGD children. These models will define longitudinal patterns of gender identity stability and characterize the relationship between TGD classes and mental and behavioral health outcomes, including the moderating role of social gender transition (when present), on these associations.

Results
Baseline data collection (N=248) is complete, and the identification of TGD subgroups based on gender identity and expression using latent class analysis is anticipated in 2024. The completion of all 4 waves of data collection is anticipated in July 2024, coinciding with the start of a no-cost study extension period. We anticipate longitudinal analyses to be completed by winter 2024.

Conclusions
Through a longitudinal observational design, this research involving prepubertal TGD children and their caregivers aims to provide empirical knowledge on gender development in a US sample of TGD children, their mental health symptomology and functioning over time, and how family initiated social gender transition may predict or alleviate mental health symptoms or diagnoses. The research findings have promise for clinicians and families aiming to ensure the best developmental outcome for these children as they develop into adolescents.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/55558
A Brief Review of Efficacious Plants in the World: <i>Tagetes</i> (Marigold)
Authors: Zahara Meutia , Arifin Vera Nazhira , Hamama Syarifah Farissi 
Published: June 2024

Tagetes is a genus consisting of several efficacious plant species known as marigold, which is native to Mexico and has spread worldwide due to its ability to adapt to different soil conditions. This genus is very popular among gardeners because it’s easy to cultivate, adaptable, produces flowers all year round, has a free flowering habit, short duration, and the flower has an attractive color and shape. It has many flowers of varying colors such as red, orange, yellow, mixed red-orange or red-yellow, but the yellow and orange color are the most popular. The flowers contain many carotenoids, which act as antioxidants, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogen, nematicide, and cosmetics. The carotenoid can also cure fever, epileptic fits, astringent, scabies, liver complaints, stomachache, sore throat, and can be used as a natural moisturizer, and natural mosquito repellent Besides its use as a medicinal plant, Tagetes is also used as ornamental plants and edible plants. This manuscript’s endeavour is to include some important investigations and studies about the general description, phytochemicals compounds and essential oils, medicinal uses, natural pesticides, and food and beverage uses of the marigolds.