bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Backbone motion in elastin's hydrophobic domains as detected by 2H NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Kumashiro Kristin K. , Ohgo Kosuke , Elliott Douglas W. , Kagawa, Todd F. , Niemczura Walter P. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe elasticity of vertebrate tissue originates from the insoluble, cross‐linked protein elastin. Here, the results of variable‐temperature 2H NMR spectra are reported for hydrated elastin that has been enriched at the Hα position in its abundant glycines. Typical powder patterns reflecting averaged quadrupolar parameters are observed for the frozen protein, as opposed to the two, inequivalent deuterons that are detected in a powder sample of enriched glycine. The spectra of the hydrated elastin at warmer temperatures are dominated by a strong central peak with features close to the baseline, reflective of both isotropic and very weakly anisotropic motions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 97:882–888, 2012.
Video event representation and inference on And‐Or graph
Authors: Jiang Kai , Chen Xiaowu , Zhang Yu , Zhao Qinping 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper presents an approach for video event inference from dozens of actions performed by multiple players. First, we constructed an And‐Or graph to describe the different configurations of the event category such as shooting in soccer matches. We considered both temporal relations and role relations for the graph and encode them as vector parameters for each pair of graph nodes. Then, we developed an inference algorithm by using bottom‐up and top‐down processes. We found the proposals for each node during the bottom‐up step by considering three terms of energies and refined the proposals during the top‐down step by measuring the action‐labeling similarity and the temporal misplacement penalty. The optimal proposal of the inferring event and its score are obtained as the result. In the experiments, we tested the inference performance of the approach for the shooting events on real soccer match videos. By our approach, we can infer different kinds of shooting events in one scenario and interpret them play‐by‐play in a flexible way. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of small GTPases in neuronal morphogenesis and polarity
Authors: Gonzalez‐Billault Christian , Muñoz‐Llancao Pablo , Henriquez Daniel R. , Wojnacki José , Conde Cecilia , Caceres Alfredo 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe highly dynamic remodeling and cross talk of the microtubule and actin cytoskeleton support neuronal morphogenesis. Small RhoGTPases family members have emerged as crucial regulators of cytoskeletal dynamics. In this review we will comprehensively analyze findings that support the participation of RhoA, Rac, Cdc42, and TC10 in different neuronal morphogenetic events ranging from migration to synaptic plasticity. We will specifically address the contribution of these GTPases to support neuronal polarity and axonal elongation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Impact of numerical variation in FMS‐like tyrosine kinase receptor 3 internal tandem duplications on clinical outcome in normal karyotype acute myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Borthakur Gautam , Kantarjian Hagop , Patel Keyur P. , Ravandi Farhad , Qiao Wei , Faderl Stefan , Kadia Tapan , Luthra Raja , Pierce Sherry , Cortes Jorge E. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:The impact of single versus multiple fms‐like tyrosine kinase receptor 3 internal tandem duplication (FLT3‐ITD) mutations on the clinical outcome of patients with acute myelogenous leukemia has not been well studied, and particularly has not been investigated while simultaneously accounting for the quantitative mutation burden.METHODS:The authors conducted a multivariate analysis of overall survival, event‐free survival, and complete remission duration, including numeric variation (single vs multiple) and quantitative mutant burden of FLT3‐ITD as variables among other clinically relevant factors.RESULTS:An analysis of a cohort of 1043 patients with AML demonstrated that, among patients with normal‐karyotype acute myelogenous leukemia and FLT3‐ITD mutation, overall survival and event‐free survival were not affected by the number of FLT3‐ITD mutations, but complete remission duration was significantly longer in patients who had multiple FLT3‐ITD mutations (median, 86 weeks vs 34 weeks; P = .03).CONCLUSIONS:The current results indicated that time‐to‐event analyses of patients with normal‐karyotype acute myelogenous leukemia and FLT3‐ITD mutation should take into account the number of mutations and the mutant burden, among other factors. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Development and validation of a symptom index for advanced hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancers
Authors: Butt Zeeshan , Parikh Neehar D. , Beaumont Jennifer L. , Rosenbloom Sarah K. , Syrjala Karen L. , Abernethy Amy P. , Benson Al B. , Cella David 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:The 45‐item Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Hepatobiliary (FACT‐Hep) questionnaire assesses health‐related quality of life in patients with liver, bile duct, and pancreatic cancers. Although the FACT‐Hep was initially derived from patient input, this study's researchers sought to verify adequate coverage of items by soliciting open‐ended input from patients with advanced disease.METHODS:As part of a larger study in collaboration with the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), 50 people (60% male, 80% caucasian, average age 60.4 years) with stage 3 or 4 hepatobiliary or pancreatic cancer were recruited. Participants generated and ranked up to 10 important symptoms and concerns that physicians should monitor when assessing the value of chemotherapy. Patients were also able to provide open‐ended, qualitative information that was evaluated systematically. Ten expert physicians also provided input on priority symptoms.RESULTS:The resulting 18‐item NCCN‐FACT Hepatobiliary‐Pancreatic Symptom Index (NFHSI‐18) demonstrated high internal consistency (α = .89) and moderate to strong correlations with measures of physical well‐being (ρ = .76), emotional well‐being (ρ = 0.52), and functional well‐being (ρ = 0.57). Scores on the NFHSI‐18 were also highly correlated with the original hepatobiliary scale of the FACT‐Hep (ρ = .82; all P < .001). Compared with patients with better performance status, patients with poor performance status had worse NFHSI‐18 symptom scores, F(3,47) = 9.74; P = .0003.CONCLUSIONS:The NFHSI–18 assesses symptoms of importance to patients with hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancers and demonstrates promising measurement properties. The scale is a good candidate for brief symptom assessment in clinical trials. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Can procalcitonin distinguish infectious fever from tumor‐related fever in non‐neutropenic cancer patients?
Authors: Shomali William , Hachem Ray , Chaftari Anne‐Marie , Jiang Ying , Bahu Ramez , Jabbour Joseph , Raad Sammy , Al Shuaibi Munirah , Al Wohoush Iba , Raad Issam 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Procalcitonin (PCT) has been proposed as a marker of infection and was studied in neutropenic patients. This study investigated its role in non‐neutropenic febrile cancer patients (NNCPs).METHODS:Between July 2009 and July 2010, a total of 248 NNCPs with fever were studied. PCT was measured in plasma within 24 hours of fever onset and 4 to 7 days thereafter, using a Kryptor system with a lower limit of quantitation of 0.075 ng/mL. Patients' clinical, microbiological, and radiological data were reviewed to make the diagnosis and were correlated with PCT levels.RESULTS:This study included 30 patients with bloodstream infection (BSI), 60 with localized bacterial infection, 141 with no documented infection, and 8 with tumor‐related fever. Most patients (98%) were inpatients or admitted to the hospital during the study. Patients with BSI had significantly higher PCT levels than did those with documented localized infections (P = .048) and no documented infection (P = .011). PCT levels were significantly higher in septic patients than in those without sepsis (P = .012). Patients with stage IV disease or metastasis had significantly higher baseline PCT levels than did those with early stages of cancer (P < .05). PCT levels dropped significantly in patients with bacterial infections in response to antibiotics (P < .0001).CONCLUSIONS:Baseline PCT levels are predictive of BSI and sepsis in NNCPs. They may be predictors of metastasis and advanced cancer. Subsequent decrease in PCT levels in response to antibiotics is suggestive of bacterial infection. Larger trials are needed to confirm the results of this pilot study. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Generation and external validation of a tumor‐derived 5‐gene prognostic signature for recurrence of lymph node‐negative, invasive colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Lenehan Peter F. , Boardman Lisa A. , Riegert‐Johnson Douglas , De Petris Giovanni , Fry David W. , Ohrnberger Jeanne , Heyman Eugene R. , Gerard Brigitte , Almal Arpit A. , Worzel William P. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:One in 4 patients with lymph node‐negative, invasive colorectal carcinoma (CRC) develops recurrent disease after undergoing curative surgery, and most die of advanced disease. Predicting which patients will develop a recurrence is a significantly growing, unmet medical need.METHODS:Archival formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) primary adenocarcinoma tissues obtained at surgery were retrieved from 74 patients with CRC (15 with stage I disease and 59 with stage II disease) for Training/Test Sets. In addition, FFPE tissues were retrieved from 49 patients with stage I CRC and 215 patients with stage II colon cancer for an External Validation (EV) Set (n = 264) from 18 hospitals in 4 countries. No patients had received neoadjuvant/adjuvant therapy. Proprietary genetic programming analysis of expression profiles for 225 prespecified tumor genes was used to create a 36‐month recurrence risk signature.RESULTS:Using reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction, a 5‐gene rule correctly classified 62 of 92 recurrent patients and 87 of 172 nonrecurrent patients in the EV Set (sensitivity, 0.67; specificity, 0.51). “High‐risk” patients had a greater probability of 36‐month recurrence (42%) than “low‐risk” patients (26%; hazard ratio, 1.80; 95% confidence interval, 1.19‐2.71; P = .007; Cox regression) independent of T‐classification, the number of lymph nodes examined, histologic grade/subtype, anatomic location, age, sex, or race. The rule outperformed (P = .021) current National Comprehensive Cancer Network Guidelines (hazard ratio, 0.897). The same rule also differentiated the risk of recurrence (hazard ratio, 1.63; P = .031) in a subset of patients from the EV Set who had stage I/II colon cancer only (n = 251).CONCLUSIONS:To the authors' knowledge, the 5‐gene rule (OncoDefender‐CRC) is the first molecular prognostic that has been validated in both stage I CRC and stage II colon cancer. It outperforms standard clinicopathologic prognostic criteria and obviates the need to retrieve ≥12 lymph nodes for accurate prognostication. It identifies those patients most likely to develop recurrent disease within 3 years after curative surgery and, thus, those most likely to benefit from adjuvant treatment. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Response of borderline resectable pancreatic cancer to neoadjuvant therapy is not reflected by radiographic indicators
Authors: Katz Matthew H. G. , Fleming Jason B. , Bhosale Priya , Varadhachary Gauri , Lee Jeffrey E. , Wolff Robert , Wang Huamin , Abbruzzese James , Pisters Peter W. T. , Vauthey Jean‐Nicolas , Charnsangavej Chusilp , Tamm Eric , Crane Christopher H. , Balachandran Aparna 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Experience with preoperative therapy for other cancers has led to an assumption that borderline resectable pancreatic cancers can be converted to resectable cancers with preoperative therapy. In this study, the authors sought to determine the rate at which neoadjuvant therapy is associated with a reduction in the size or stage of borderline resectable tumors.METHODS:Patients who had borderline resectable pancreatic cancer and received neoadjuvant therapy before potentially undergoing surgery at the authors' institution between 2005 and 2010 were identified. The patients' pretreatment and post‐treatment pancreatic protocol computed tomography images were rereviewed to determine changes in tumor size or stage using modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) (version 1.1) and standardized anatomic criteria.RESULTS:The authors identified 129 patients who met inclusion criteria. Of the 122 patients who had their disease restaged after receiving preoperative therapy, 84 patients (69%) had stable disease, 15 patients (12%) had a partial response to therapy, and 23 patients (19%) had progressive disease. Although only 1 patient (0.8%) had their disease downstaged to resectable status after receiving neoadjuvant therapy, 85 patients (66%) underwent pancreatectomy. The median overall survival duration for all 129 patients was 22 months (95% confidence interval, 14‐30 months). The median overall survival duration for the patients who underwent pancreatectomy was 33 months (95% confidence interval, 25‐41 months) and was not associated with RECIST response (P = .78).CONCLUSIONS:Radiographic downstaging was rare after neoadjuvant therapy, and RECIST response was not an effective treatment endpoint for patients with borderline resectable pancreatic cancer. The authors concluded that these patients should undergo pancreatectomy after initial therapy in the absence of metastases. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid bed lesions from patients with thyroidectomy for thyroid carcinomas
Authors: Zhao Lichao , Gong Yun , Wang Jianping , Dawlett Marilyn , Huo Lei , Caraway Nancy P. , Guo Ming 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:To evaluate the efficacy and the limitation of fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy in thyroid bed lesions, a retrospective review was performed of the medical records of thyroid cancer patients who underwent ultrasound‐guided FNA biopsy of the thyroid bed at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center over a 5‐year period.METHODS:Data were reviewed on 220 FNA biopsies taken from thyroid bed lesions in 195 patients who had undergone thyroidectomy for thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid bed FNA results were compared with clinical follow‐up, including neck dissection results.RESULTS:Recurrent carcinoma was diagnosed by FNA biopsy in 139 of 220 (63%) cases. Neck dissections were performed for 112 sites identified by FNA biopsies, and recurrent carcinoma was confirmed in 110 sites. The concordance between positive and/or suspicious FNA diagnosis and positive neck dissection results was 98% (118 of 120 cases). A false‐positive FNA occurred in one patient with follicular thyroid carcinoma. The other discrepancy was attributed to failure to remove the lesion by neck dissection. The diagnostic accuracy of thyroid bed FNA was 100% in papillary and medullary thyroid carcinoma and 93% in follicular thyroid carcinoma. Suspicious and rare false‐negative FNA results were attributed to low cellularity and lack of characteristic cytomorphologic features of thyroid carcinoma.CONCLUSIONS:Ultrasound‐guided thyroid bed FNA biopsy is accurate and efficient in triaging patients who require post‐thyroidectomy follow‐up for recurrent thyroid carcinoma. Caution should be taken in the interpretation of FNA specimens that have low cellularity and lack characteristic cytologic features of thyroid carcinoma. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Melanocortin‐4 receptor expression in different classes of spinal and vagal primary afferent neurons in the mouse
Authors: Gautron Laurent , Lee Charlotte E. , Lee Syann , Elmquist Joel K. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractMelanocortin‐4 receptor (MC4R) ligands are known to modulate nociception, but the site of action of MC4R signaling on nociception remains to be elucidated. The current study investigated MC4R expression in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of the MC4R‐GFP reporter mouse. Because MC4R is known to be expressed in vagal afferent neurons in the nodose ganglion (NG), we also systematically compared MC4R‐expressing vagal and spinal afferent neurons. Abundant green fluorescent protein (GFP) immunoreactivity was found in about 45% of DRG neuronal profiles (at the mid‐thoracic level), the majority being small‐sized profiles. Immunohistochemistry combined with in situ hybridization confirmed that GFP was genuinely produced in MC4R‐expressing neurons in the DRG. While a large number of GFP profiles in the DRG coexpressed Nav1.8 mRNA (84%) and bound isolectin B4 (72%), relatively few GFP profiles were positive for NF200 (16%) or CGRP (13%), suggesting preferential MC4R expression in C‐fiber nonpeptidergic neurons. By contrast, GFP in the NG frequently colocalized with Nav1.8 mRNA (64%) and NF200 (29%), but only to a moderate extent with isolectin B4 (16%). Lastly, very few GFP profiles in the NG expressed CGRP (5%) or CART (4%). Together, our findings demonstrate variegated MC4R expression in different classes of vagal and spinal primary afferent neurons, and underscore the role of the melanocortin system in modulating nociceptive and nonnociceptive peripheral sensory modalities. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:3933–3948, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Altered dendritic distribution of dopamine D2 receptors and reduction in mitochondrial number in parvalbumin‐containing interneurons in the medial prefrontal cortex of cannabinoid‐1 (CB1) receptor knockout mice
Authors: Fitzgerald Megan L. , Chan June , Mackie Kenneth , Lupica Carl R. , Pickel Virginia M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe prelimbic prefrontal cortex (PL) is a brain region integral to complex behaviors that are highly influenced by cannabinoids and by dopamine D2 receptor (D2R)‐mediated regulation of fast‐firing parvalbumin‐containing interneurons. We have recently shown that constitutive deletion of the cannabinoid‐1 receptor (CB1R) greatly reduces parvalbumin levels in these neurons. The effects of CB1R deletion on PL parvalbumin interneurons may be ascribed to loss of CB1R‐mediated retrograde signaling on mesocortical dopamine transmission, and, in turn, altered expression and/or subcellular distribution of D2R in the PL. Furthermore, diminished parvalbumin expression could indicate metabolic changes in fast‐firing interneurons that may be reflected in changes in mitochondrial density in this population. We therefore comparatively examined electron microscopic dual labeling of D2R and parvalbumin in CB1 (−/−) and CB1 (+/+) mice to test the hypothesis that absence of CB1R produces changes in D2R localization and mitochondrial distribution in parvalbumin‐containing interneurons of the PL. CB1 (−/−) mice had a significantly lower density of cytoplasmic D2R‐immunogold particles in medium parvalbumin‐labeled dendrites and a concomitant increase in the density of these particles in small dendrites. These dendrites received both excitatory and inhibitory‐type synapses from unlabeled terminals and contained many mitochondria, whose numbers were significantly reduced in CB1 (−/−) mice. Non‐parvalbumin dendrites showed no between‐group differences in either D2R distribution or mitochondrial number. These results suggest that cannabinoid signaling provides an important determinant of dendritic D2 receptor distribution and mitochondrial availability in fast‐spiking interneurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:4013–4031, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The sea lamprey UNC5 receptors: cDNA cloning, phylogenetic analysis and expression in reticulospinal neurons at larval and adult stages of development
Authors: Barreiro‐Iglesias Antón , Laramore Cindy , Shifman Michael I. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractUNC5 receptors mediate repulsive signaling of netrin on neurons. Although only one UNC5 receptor has been identified in invertebrates, four members of the UNC5 family have been identified in gnathostomes. Lampreys, together with mixynes, belong to the oldest branch of extant vertebrates, and their phylogenetic position near to the vertebrate root makes them an interesting model for understanding molecular evolution. Here, we cloned three sea lamprey UNC5 (UNC5L) receptors, and phylogenetic analyses indicated that the first two duplications of the ancestral UNC5 gene occurred before the separation of jawless and jawed vertebrates. UNC5 receptors play important roles during early development, but expression studies have also suggested that UNC5 receptors play roles in the mature nervous system. Here, we report the expression of the different UNC5L receptor transcripts in identified reticulospinal neurons of mature larval or adult sea lampreys detected by in situ hybridization in wholemounted brain preparations. In addition, an extensive expression of the UNC5 receptors was also observed in most brain regions of the adult lamprey. An increase in the types of identifiable reticulospinal neurons expressing the UNC5L receptors was observed in adults compared with larvae. Expression of UNC5 receptors at late developmental stages appears to be a shared characteristic of lampreys and mammals. In larvae, expression of UNC5L receptors was observed in reticulospinal neurons that when axotomized are known to be “bad regenerators.” Results in lampreys and mammals suggest that the UNC5‐Netrin axonal guidance system may play a role in limiting axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:4141–4156, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gossip learning with linear models on fully distributed data
Authors: Ormándi Róbert , Hegedűs István , Jelasity Márk 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYMachine learning over fully distributed data poses an important problem in peer‐to‐peer applications. In this model, we have one data record at each network node but without the possibility to move raw data because of privacy considerations. For example, user profiles, ratings, history, or sensor readings can represent this case. This problem is difficult because there is no possibility to learn local models; the system model offers almost no guarantee for reliability, yet the communication cost needs to be kept low. Here, we propose gossip learning, a generic approach that is based on multiple models taking random walks over the network in parallel, while applying an online learning algorithm to improve themselves, and getting combined via ensemble learning methods. We present an instantiation of this approach for the case of classification with linear models. Our main contribution is an ensemble learning method, which—through the continuous combination of the models in the network—implements a virtual weighted voting mechanism over an exponential number of models at practically no extra cost as compared with independent random walks. We prove the convergence of the method theoretically, and perform extensive experiments on benchmark data sets. Our experimental analysis demonstrates the performance and robustness of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.