bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Mixed (Long- and Medium-chain) Triglyceride Lipid Emulsion Extracts Local Anesthetic from Human Serum In Vitro More Effectively than a Long-chain Emulsion
Authors: Ruan Weiming , French Deborah , Wong Alicia , Drasner Kenneth , Wu Alan H. B. 
Published: January 2012

Background
Lipid emulsion infusion reverses cardiac toxicity of local anesthetics. The predominant effect is likely creation of a "lipid sink." This in vitro study determined the extent to which Intralipid® (Fresenius Kabi, Uppsala, Sweden) and Lipofundin® (B. Braun Melsungen AG, Melsungen, Germany) sequester anesthetics from serum, and whether it varies with pH.

Methods
Bupivacaine, ropivacaine, and mepivacaine were added to human drug-free serum (pH 7.4) at 10 μg/ml. The lipid emulsions were added, and the mixture shaken and incubated at 37°C. Lipid was removed by ultracentrifugation and drug remaining in the serum measured. Additional experiments were performed using 100 μg/ml bupivacaine and at pH 6.9.

Results
Lipofundin® extracted all three anesthetics to a greater extent than Intralipid® (34.7% vs..22.3% for bupivacaine, 25.8% vs..16.5% for ropivacaine, and 7.3% vs..4.7% for mepivacaine). By increasing either concentration of bupivacaine or lipid, there was an increase in drug extraction from serum. Adjusting the pH to 6.9 had no statistically significant effect on the percentage of bupivacaine sequestered.

Conclusions
Bupivacaine, ropivacaine, and mepivacaine were sequestered to an extent consistent with their octanol:water partition constants (logP). In contrast with previous studies of extraction of lipids from buffer solutions, an emulsion containing 50% each of medium- and long-chain triglycerides extracted local anesthetics to a greater extent from human serum than one containing exclusively long-chain triglycerides, calling into question recent advanced cardiac life support guidelines for resuscitation from anesthetic toxicity that specify use of a long-chain triglyceride. The current data also do not support recent recommendations to delay administration until pH is normalized.
Multistep Assembly of Chloroplast NADH Dehydrogenase-Like Subcomplex A Requires Several Nucleus-Encoded Proteins, Including CRR41 and CRR42, in Arabidopsis
Authors: Peng Lianwei , Fukao Yoichiro , Fujiwara Masayuki , Shikanai Toshiharu 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Chloroplast NADH dehydrogenase-like complex (NDH) mediates photosystem I cyclic electron transport and chlororespiration in thylakoids. Recently, substantial progress has been made in understanding the structure of NDH, but our knowledge of its assembly has been limited. In this study, a series of interactive proteomic analyses identified several stroma-localized factors required for the assembly of a stroma-protruding arm of NDH (subcomplex A). In addition to further characterization of the previously identified CHLORORESPIRATORY REDUCTION1 (CRR1), CRR6, and CRR7, two novel stromal proteins, CRR41 and CRR42, were discovered. Arabidopsis thaliana mutants lacking these proteins are specifically defective in the accumulation of subcomplex A. A total of 10 mutants lacking subcomplex A, including crr27/cpn60β4, which is specifically defective in the folding of NdhH, and four mutants lacking NdhL–NdhO subunits, were extensively characterized. We propose a model for subcomplex A assembly: CRR41, NdhO, and native NdhH, as well as unknown factors, are first assembled to form an NDH subcomplex A assembly intermediate (NAI500). Subsequently, NdhJ, NdhM, NdhK, and NdhI are incorporated into NAI500 to form NAI400. CRR1, CRR6, and CRR42 are involved in this process. CRR7 is likely to be involved in the final step, in which the fully assembled NAI, including NdhN, is inserted into thylakoids.
ThePh1Locus Suppresses Cdk2-Type Activity during Premeiosis and Meiosis in Wheat
Authors: Greer Emma , Martín Azahara C. , Pendle Ali , Colas Isabelle , Jones Alexandra M.E. , Moore Graham , Shaw Peter 
Published: January 2012

AbstractDespite possessing multiple sets of related (homoeologous) chromosomes, hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum) restricts pairing to just true homologs at meiosis. Deletion of a single major locus, Pairing homoeologous1 (Ph1), allows pairing of homoeologs. How can the same chromosomes be processed as homologs instead of being treated as nonhomologs? Ph1 was recently defined to a cluster of defective cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk)-like genes showing some similarity to mammalian Cdk2. We reasoned that the cluster might suppress Cdk2-type activity and therefore affect replication and histone H1 phosphorylation. Our study does indeed reveal such effects, suggesting that Cdk2-type phosphorylation has a major role in determining chromosome specificity during meiosis.
Meta‐analysis: antiviral treatment for hepatitis D
Authors: Triantos C. , Kalafateli M. , Nikolopoulou V. , Burroughs A. 
Published: January 2012

SummaryBackgroundThere is no satisfactory treatment for patients with hepatitis D (HDV).AimTo evaluate treatment for HDV using meta‐analysis.MethodsMedline, Scopus, Cochrane Library and ISI Web of Knowledge searches using the textwords ‘Hepatitis D’, ‘therapy’, “interferon”, “peginterferon”, “pegylated interferon”, “lamivudine”, “pegifn”, “ifn” and “Hepatitis D”, and abstracts from major Gastroenterology/Liver meetings. Endpoints: end of treatment biochemical (biochemical EOT) and virological response (virological EOT), end of follow‐up virological response (EOFUP VR), histological improvement and intrahepatic HDAg clearance.ResultsWe included randomised clinical trials (RCTs) comparing Group A: interferon‐A (IFNa) vs. no treatment (three RCTs, n ;= ;137 patients), Group B: low dose vs. high dose IFNa (two RCTs, n ;= ;60), Group C: IFNa ;+ ;lamivudine vs. IFNa (two RCTs, n ;= ;48) and Group D: pegylated IFNa (PEG‐IFNa) vs. other medications (two RCTs, n ;= ;157). Group A. IFNa was better for biochemical EOT [OR, 0.11 (95% CI, 0.04–0.2)] and virological EOT [OR, 0.08 (95% CI, 0.03–0.2)], but not for EOFUP VR. Group B. High dose IFNa was better for biochemical EOT [OR, 0.24 (95% CI,0.08–0.73)] and virological EOT [OR, 0.27 (95% CI, 0.1–0.74)]. Group C. There was a trend favouring histological improvement [OR, 2.9 (95% CI, 0.6–13.4)]. Group D. PEG‐IFNa was better for virological EOT [OR, 0.419 (95% CI, 0.18–0.974)], EOFUP VR [OR, 0.404 (95% CI, 0.189–0.866)] and improvement in necroinflammatory activity [OR, 0.308 (95% CI, 0.129–0.732)].ConclusionsLong‐term suppression of HDV RNA by IFNa is not maintained despite an end of treatment response; adding lamivudine is not beneficial. PEG‐IFNa is superior to other medications with respect to EOT and EOFUP. New RCTs should test combinations of PEG‐IFNa and newest antivirals.
Template‐based synoptic reports improve the quality of pathology reports of prostatectomy specimens
Authors: Aumann Konrad , Amann Dominic , Gumpp Vera , Hauschke Dieter , Kayser Gian , May Annette M , Wetterauer Ulrich , Werner Martin 
Published: January 2012

Aumann K, Amann D, Gumpp V, Hauschke D, Kayser G, May A M, Wetterauer U & Werner M  (2012) Histopathology 60, 634–644 Template‐based synoptic reports improve the quality of pathology reports of prostatectomy specimensAims:  Traditionally, pathology reports have been textual, with a high degree of variability. In part, they miss some of the information needed, e.g. for therapy decisions. To meet all requirements, it would be helpful to have a tool providing reminders of the necessary data and facilitating the transfer of these data into a pathology information system (PIS). Here, we describe a TNM‐adapted toolset including a PIS‐integrated structured template that contributes to improving pathology reports of prostatectomy specimens.Methods and results:  All prostatectomy reports between January 2002 and August 2010 (n = 1049) were classified into descriptive reports (DRs) (n = 411), structured reports (SRs) arranged according to tumour spread, lymph node status, and surgical margin status (n = 333), and template‐based synoptic reports (TBSRs) (n = 305). The report types were compared with regard to the content of 11 organ‐specific essential data (ED) items crucial for exact TNM classification, therapy decisions, or prognostication. All 11 ED items were included in 2.7% of DRs, 43.5% of SRs and 97.2% of TBSRs, with a statistically highly significant difference (P < 0.001).Conclusions:  SRs, and particularly TBSRs, are advantageous as compared with DRs regarding the content of ED and the clarity of the data layout. The use of TBSRs leads to a reduction in failed data transfer and therefore to an increase in the quality of pathology reports.
Tracing patients on antiretroviral treatment lost‐to‐follow‐up in an urban slum in India
Authors: Errol Lisa , Isaakidis Petros , Zachariah Rony , Ali Mohammed , Pilankar Gurudas , Maurya Sanjana , Geraets Claudia , Ladomirska Joanna , Patel Sunil , Reid Tony 
Published: January 2012

errol l., isaakidis p., zachariah r., ali m., pilankar g., maurya s., geraets c., ladomirska j., patel s. & reid t. (2012) Tracing patients on antiretroviral treatment lost‐to‐follow‐up in an urban slum in India. Journal of Advanced Nursing68(11), 2399–2409.AbstractAim.  This article describes a cooperative initiative between an HIV‐clinic and non‐government organization network providing lost‐to‐follow‐up tracing and delayed appointment follow‐up of patients on antiretroviral treatment.Background.  Loss‐to‐follow‐up among patients on antiretroviral treatment is a major challenge in resource‐constrained settings. A model of cooperation between a Médecins Sans Frontières HIV‐clinic and a non‐governmental‐organization network was piloted in a Mumbai slum. A steady decline in delayed appointments and loss‐to‐follow‐up was observed over 4 years.Design.  Mixed method study.Methods.  A study conducted in January 2011 explored potential reasons for declining loss‐to‐follow‐up‐rates. A retrospective, quantitative analysis of patient data was undertaken complemented by 22 semi‐structured interviews, four focus‐group discussions to explore patients’ and providers’ perceptions of tracing activities.Results/findings.  The clinic loss‐to‐follow‐up‐rate has steadily declined from mid‐2008–2011. Thirty‐eight (4·6%) of 819 patients registered during the period were lost‐to‐follow‐up with most lost during the first year. Rates of loss‐to‐follow‐up between 0·3–2·4% were observed over the last 2 years. Phoning the day before an appointment was perceived as the most useful intervention to avoid missing appointments. The analysis revealed a widespread fear of forced disclosure by patients during home visits.Conclusions.  The low loss‐to‐follow‐up‐rate cannot be attributed to the network tracing activities alone. Phoning before appointments may result in fewer delayed appointments and prevent loss‐to‐follow‐up. Home visits should be a last resort method of patient tracing because of the risk of HIV‐status disclosure and the opportunity of discrimination from family and neighbours.
Evaluation of mental health recovery and Wellness Recovery Action Planning education in Ireland: a mixed methods pre–postevaluation
Authors: Higgins Agnes , Callaghan Patrick , deVries Jan , Keogh Brian , Morrissey Jean , Nash Michael , Ryan Denis , Gijbels Harry , Carter Tim 
Published: January 2012

higgins a., callaghan p., devries j., keogh b., morrissey j., nash m., ryan d., gijbels h. & carter t. (2012) Evaluation of mental health recovery and Wellness Recovery Action Planning education in Ireland: a mixed methods pre–postevaluation. Journal of Advanced Nursing68(11), 2418–2428.AbstractAim.  To report a study evaluating the effectiveness of a Wellness Recovery Action Planning education programme.Background.  Internationally, mental health policy is advocating using recovery approaches to care. Underpinning these approaches is investment in education in recovery principles and methods and a need to provide evidence of the impact of this education.Design.  The study design employed a mixed methods approach.Methods.  Using questionnaires and focus groups, we evaluated 2‐ and 5‐day Wellness Recovery Action Planning Education Programmes and assessed participants’ attitudes towards recovery, knowledge of recovery and Wellness Recovery Action Planning beliefs. Data were collected between 2009 and 2010. Participants were people with personal experience of mental health problems, practitioners in mental health services and family members/carers of those with mental health problems.Results.  Comparing the pre and postmeasures showed that the programme increased participants’ knowledge of and attitudes towards recovery and Wellness Recovery Action Planning. Although this increase was statistically significant for the 2‐day programme, it was not so for the 5‐day programme. Participants reported being very positive and enthusiastic about the programme and the benefits they had achieved personally and professionally as a result of participating.Conclusions.  This exploratory study shows that providing mental health practitioners and people with personal experience of mental health problems with a systematic education and training in recovery principles using the Wellness Recovery Action Planning approach leads to positive changes in people’s knowledge, skills and attitudes towards recovery. This education appeared to inspire, invigorate and empower people, and for many, it was a life changing experience.
Improved equity in measles vaccination from integrating insecticide‐treated bednets in a vaccination campaign, Madagascar
Authors: Goodson James L. , Kulkarni Manisha A. , Vanden Eng Jodi L. , Wannemuehler Kathleen A. , Cotte Annett H. , Desrochers Rachelle E. , Randriamanalina Bakolalao , Luman Elizabeth T. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjective  To evaluate the effect of integrating ITN distribution on measles vaccination campaign coverage in Madagascar.Methods  Nationwide cross‐sectional survey to estimate measles vaccination coverage, nationally, and in districts with and without ITN integration. To evaluate the effect of ITN integration, propensity score matching was used to create comparable samples in ITN and non‐ITN districts. Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated via log‐binomial models. Equity ratios, defined as the coverage ratio between the lowest and highest household wealth quintile (Q), were used to assess equity in measles vaccination coverage.Results  National measles vaccination coverage during the campaign was 66.9% (95% CI 63.0–70.7). Among the propensity score subset, vaccination campaign coverage was higher in ITN districts (70.8%) than non‐ITN districts (59.1%) (RR = 1.3, 95% CI 1.1–1.6). Among children in the poorest wealth quintile, vaccination coverage was higher in ITN than in non‐ITN districts (Q1; RR = 2.4, 95% CI 1.2–4.8) and equity for measles vaccination was greater in ITN districts (equity ratio = 1.0, 95% CI 0.8–1.3) than in non‐ITN districts (equity ratio = 0.4, 95% CI 0.2–0.8).Conclusion  Integration of ITN distribution with a vaccination campaign might improve measles vaccination coverage among the poor, thus providing protection for the most vulnerable and difficult to reach children.
Everybody Needs Good Neighbours: Coalition Formation Influences Floater Fight Choice
Authors: Milner Richard N. C. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn territorial species, it is sometimes less costly to help a neighbour fight off an intruder than to re‐establish territory boundaries with a new, potentially stronger neighbour. In fiddler crabs, a male resident will only help his neighbour if he is larger than the intruder who, in turn, is larger than the challenged neighbour. Does this influence with whom a territory‐seeking male decides to fight? I show that territory‐seeking males appear to choose opponents based partly on the size of the resident’s nearest neighbour. By avoiding challenging resident males with larger neighbours, territory‐seeking males can reduce the likelihood of initiating a fight with a resident who might gain help from his neighbour that decreases the likelihood that the intruder will win the fight.
Transplantation of human central nervous system stem cells – neuroprotection in retinal degeneration
Authors: McGill Trevor J. , Cottam Benjamin , Lu Bin , Wang Shaomei , Girman Sergej , Tian Chunyu , Huhn Stephen L. , Lund Ray D. , Capela Alexandra 
Published: January 2012

AbstractStem cells derived from the human brain and grown as neurospheres (HuCNS‐SC) have been shown to be effective in treating central neurodegenerative conditions in a variety of animal models. Human safety data in neurodegenerative disorders are currently being accrued. In the present study, we explored the efficacy of HuCNS‐SC in a rodent model of retinal degeneration, the Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rat, and extended our previous cell transplantation studies to include an in‐depth examination of donor cell behavior and phenotype post‐transplantation. As a first step, we have shown that HuCNS‐SC protect host photoreceptors and preserve visual function after transplantation into the subretinal space of postnatal day 21 RCS rats. Moreover, cone photoreceptor density remained relatively constant over several months, consistent with the sustained visual acuity and luminance sensitivity functional outcomes. The novel findings of this study include the characterization and quantification of donor cell radial migration from the injection site and within the subretinal space as well as the demonstration that donor cells maintain an immature phenotype throughout the 7 months of the experiment and undergo very limited proliferation with no evidence of uncontrolled growth or tumor‐like formation. Given the efficacy findings and lack of adverse events in the RCS rat in combination with the results from ongoing clinical investigations, HuCNS‐SC appear to be a well‐suited candidate for cell therapy in retinal degenerative conditions.
The influence of single bursts versus single spikes at excitatory dendrodendritic synapses
Authors: Masurkar Arjun V. , Chen Wei R. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe synchronization of neuronal activity is thought to enhance information processing. There is much evidence supporting rhythmically bursting external tufted cells (ETCs) of the rodent olfactory bulb glomeruli coordinating the activation of glomerular interneurons and mitral cells via dendrodendritic excitation. However, as bursting has variable significance at axodendritic cortical synapses, it is not clear if ETC bursting imparts a specific functional advantage over the preliminary spike in dendrodendritic synaptic networks. To answer this question, we investigated the influence of single ETC bursts and spikes with the in vitro rat olfactory bulb preparation at different levels of processing, via calcium imaging of presynaptic ETC dendrites, dual electrical recording of ETC –interneuron synaptic pairs, and multicellular calcium imaging of ETC‐induced population activity. Our findings supported single ETC bursts, versus single spikes, driving robust presynaptic calcium signaling, which in turn was associated with profound extension of the initial monosynaptic spike‐driven dendrodendritic excitatory postsynaptic potential. This extension could be driven by either the spike‐dependent or spike‐independent components of the burst. At the population level, burst‐induced excitation was more widespread and reliable compared with single spikes. This further supports the ETC network, in part due to a functional advantage of bursting at excitatory dendrodendritic synapses, coordinating synchronous activity at behaviorally relevant frequencies related to odor processing in vivo.
Pain management in intellectually disabled children: a survey of perceptions and current practices among Dutch anesthesiologists
Authors: Valkenburg Abraham J. , van der Kreeft Sylvia M. , de Leeuw Tom G. , Stolker Robert J. , Tibboel Dick , van Dijk Monique 
Published: January 2012

SummaryBackground:  Intellectually disabled children are more likely to undergo surgical interventions and almost all have comorbidities that need to be managed. Compared with controls, intellectually disabled children tend to receive less intraoperative analgesia and fewer of them are assessed for postoperative pain.Aim:  To evaluate perceptions and practices of anesthesiologists in the Netherlands concerning pain management in intellectually disabled children.Methods/Materials:  We surveyed members of the Section on Pediatric Anesthesiology of the Netherlands Society of Anesthesiology in 2005 and 2009, using a self‐designed questionnaire.Results:  The response rate was 47% in both years. In 2005, 32% of the anesthesiologists rated intellectually disabled children as ‘more sensitive to pain’ than nonintellectually disabled children – vs 25% in 2009. But no more than 7% in 2005 vs 6% in 2009 agreed with the statement ‘children with intellectually disabled children need more analgesia’. Most anesthesiologists gave similar doses of intraoperative opioids for intellectually disabled and nonintellectually disabled children, 92% in 2005 vs 89% in 2009. In 2005, only 3% applied a pain assessment tool validated for intellectually disabled children, vs 4% in 2009.Conclusions:  Anesthesiologists in the Netherlands take a different approach when caring for intellectually disabled children and they were not aware of pain observation scales for these children. However, the majority think that intellectually disabled children are not more sensitive to pain or require more analgesia. These opinions did not change over the 4‐year period. One way to proceed is to implement validated pain assessment tools and to invest in education.
The complete larval development of Panopeus lacustris Desbonne 1867 (Brachyura: Panopeidae), from the Amazon region, reared in the laboratory
Authors: de Souza Adelson S. , da Costa Rauquírio M. , Abrunhosa Fernando A. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractLarvae of the mud crab Panopeus lacustris were reared in laboratory from ovigerous females collected in the estuarine area of the Caeté River in the Amazonian region. The complete development of this species consisted of four zoeal and one megalopal stages, which were described and illustrated in detail. The results are compared with those of other previous studies on larval development of the species belonging to the genus Panopeus and then briefly discussed.
The U.S. Diversity Visa Programme and the Transfer of Skills from Africa
Authors: Ikubolajeh Logan B. , Thomas Kevin J. A. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe Diversity Visa (DV) programme is designed to improve the multicultural composition of the U.S. “melting pot” beyond the traditional source countries in Europe. In pursuit of this objective, the basic eligibility requirement for participation in the programme is a high school diploma. Despite its salutary objective and design, the programme’s implications for the African brain drain may not all be benign. The “tired, poor, huddled masses” from Africa are defined in more restrictive terms, and the obstacles they face are more economically and administratively onerous than those encountered by their early European counterparts. The costs of transforming a lottery win to an actual diversity visa and Green Card are so high that only Africans in well‐paying jobs, who are likely to be professionals rather than mere high school graduates, are likely to be able to afford the full costs of programme participation. In this sense, the programme has an in‐built, skills‐selective mechanism. The main objective of this study is to examine the extent to which the DV has facilitated the movement of professional, technical and kindred workers (PTKs) from Africa to the United States, and some of the economic and policy implications of the process.