bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fyn promotes proliferation, differentiation, survival and function of osteoclast lineage cells
Authors: Kim Hyun‐Ju , Warren Julia T. , Kim Shin‐Yoon , Chappel Jean C. , DeSelm Carl J. , Ross F. Patrick , Zou Wei , Teitelbaum Steven L. 
Published: August 2010

Abstractc‐Src and Lyn are the only Src family kinases (SFKs) with established activity in osteoclasts (OCs). c‐Src promotes function via cytoskeletal organization of the mature resorptive cell while Lyn is a negative regulator of osteoclastogenesis. We establish that Fyn, another SFK, also impacts the OC, but in a manner distinctly different than c‐Src and Lyn. Fyn deficiency principally alters cells throughout the osteoclastogenic process, resulting in diminished numbers of resorptive polykaryons. Arrested OC formation in the face of insufficient Fyn reflects reduced proliferation of precursors, in response to M‐CSF and retarded RANK ligand (RANKL)‐induced differentiation, attended by suppressed activation of the osteoclastogenic signaling molecules, c‐Jun, and NF‐κB. The anti‐apoptotic properties of RANKL are also compromised in cells deleted of Fyn, an event mediated by increased Bim expression and failed activation of Akt. The defective osteoclastogenesis of Fyn−/− OCs dampens bone resorption, in vitro. Finally, while Fyn deficiency does not regulate basal osteoclastogenesis, in vivo, it reduces that stimulated by RANKL by ∼2/3. Thus, Fyn is a pro‐resorptive SFK, which exerts its effects by prompting proliferation and differentiation while attenuating apoptosis of OC lineage cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 1107–1113, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thapsigargin‐induced Ca2+ increase inhibits TGFβ1‐mediated Smad2 transcriptional responses via Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II
Authors: Ming Ming , Manzini Ivan , Le Weidong , Krieglstein Kerstin , Spittau Björn 
Published: August 2010

AbstractTransforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signalling plays important roles in a variety of tissues and cell types. Impaired TGFβ signalling contributes to several pathologies, including cancer, fibrosis as well as neurodegenerative diseases. TGFβ receptor type I‐mediated phosphorylation of Smad2, the formation of the Smad2–Smad4 complex and translocation to the nucleus are critical steps of the TGFβ signalling pathway. Here, we demonstrate that thapsigargin‐mediated increase of intracellular Ca2+ concentrations inhibited TGFβ1‐induced Smad2 transcriptional activity in the oligodendroglial cell line OLI‐neu. We provide evidence that thapsigargin treatment dramatically reduced the nuclear translocation of Smad2 after TGFβ1 treatment but had no effect on its phosphorylation at Ser465/467. Moreover, using Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) inhibitors and a constitutively active CaMKII mutant, we provide evidence that the observed inhibition of TGFβ signalling in OLI‐neu cells was strongly dependent on Ca2+‐mediated CaMKII activation. In summary, this study clearly shows that the TGFβ1‐induced Smad2 nuclear translocation is negatively regulated by intracellular Ca2+ in OLI‐neu cells and that increased intracellular Ca2+ concentrations block Smad2‐mediated transcription of TGFβ target genes. These results underline the importance of intracellular Ca2+ for the regulation of TGFβ signalling. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 1222–1230, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of Lysyl Oxidase Propeptide in Secretion and Enzyme Activity
Authors: Grimsby Jessica L. , Lucero Hector A. , Trackman Philip C. , Ravid Katya , Kagan Herbert M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractLysyl oxidase (LOX) is secreted as a proenzyme (proLOX) that is proteolytically processed in the extracellular milieu to release the propeptide and mature, active LOX. LOX oxidizes lysyl residues of a number of protein substrates in the extracellular matrix and on the cell surface, which impacts several physiological and disease states. Although the LOX propeptide (LOX‐PP) is glycosylated, little is known about the role of this modification in LOX secretion and activity. To gain insight into this issue, cells were transfected with native, full‐length LOX cDNA (pre‐pro‐LOX), the N‐glycosylation null pre‐[N/Q]pro‐LOX cDNA and the deletion mutant pre‐LOX cDNA, referred to as secretory LOX, in which mature LOX is targeted to the secretory pathway without its N‐terminal propeptide sequence. The results show that glycosylation of the LOX‐PP is not required for secretion and extracellular processing of pro‐LOX but it is required for optimal enzyme activity of the resulting mature LOX. Complete deletion of the propeptide sequence prevents mature LOX from exiting the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Taken together, our study points out the requirement of the LOX‐PP for pro‐LOX exit from the ER and is the first to highlight the influence of LOX‐PP glycosylation on LOX enzyme activity. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 1231–1243, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of Micro‐RNA‐145 is regulated by a highly conserved genomic sequence 3′ to the pre‐miR
Authors: La Rocca Gaspare , Shi Bin , Sepp‐Lorenzino Laura , Baserga Renato 
Published: August 2010

AbstractMicro‐RNA‐145 (miR145), a tumor suppressor miR, dramatically inhibits growth of cancer cells in culture and plays a significant role in human stem cells differentiation. We have isolated a human genomic sequence of 864 bp comprising the pre‐miR and its flanking sequences. The cloned miR145 genomic sequence expresses a mature miR145 in transfected cells. We show here that flanking sequences on either side of the pre‐miR sequence can modulate its expression levels. Surprisingly, a highly conserved sequence 3′ to the pre‐miR plays a crucial role in miR145 expression. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 602–607, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Myeloid‐specific GPCR kinase‐2 negatively regulates NF‐κB1p105‐ERK pathway and limits endotoxemic shock in mice
Authors: Patial Sonika , Saini Yogesh , Parvataneni Sitaram , Appledorn Daniel M. , Dorn Gerald W. , LaPres John J. , Amalfitano Andrea , Senagore Patricia , Parameswaran Narayanan 
Published: August 2010

AbstractG‐protein‐coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) is a member of a kinase family originally discovered for its role in the phosphorylation and desensitization of G‐protein‐coupled receptors. It is expressed in high levels in myeloid cells and its levels are altered in many inflammatory disorders including sepsis. To address the physiological role of myeloid cell‐specific GRK2 in inflammation, we generated mice bearing GRK2 deletion in myeloid cells (GRK2▵mye). GRK2▵mye mice exhibited exaggerated inflammatory cytokine/chemokine production, and organ injury in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS, a TLR4 ligand) when compared to wild‐type littermates (GRK2fl/fl). Consistent with this, peritoneal macrophages from GRK2▵mye mice showed enhanced inflammatory cytokine levels when stimulated with LPS. Our results further identify TLR4‐induced NF‐κB1p105‐ERK pathway to be selectively regulated by GRK2. LPS‐induced activation of NF‐κB1p105‐MEK‐ERK pathway is significantly enhanced in the GRK2▵mye macrophages compared to GRK2fl/fl cells and importantly, inhibition of the p105 and ERK pathways in the GRK2▵mye macrophages, limits the enhanced production of LPS‐induced cytokines/chemokines. Taken together, our studies reveal previously undescribed negative regulatory role for GRK2 in TLR4‐induced p105‐ERK pathway as well as in the consequent inflammatory cytokine/chemokine production and endotoxemia in mice. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 627–637, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rab11b and its effector Rip11 regulate the acidosis‐induced traffic of V‐ATPase in salivary ducts
Authors: Oehlke Oliver , Martin Henno W. , Osterberg Nadja , Roussa Eleni 
Published: August 2010

AbstractRedistribution of acid‐base transporters is a crucial regulatory mechanism for many types of cells to cope with extracellular pH changes. In epithelial cells, however, translocation of acid‐base transporters ultimately leads to changes in vectorial transport of H+ and HCO. We have previously shown that the bicarbonate‐secreting epithelium of salivary ducts responds to changes of systemic acid‐base balance by adaptive redistribution of H+ and HCO transporters, thereby influencing the ionic composition and buffering capacity of saliva. However, the specific proteins involved in regulated vesicular traffic of acid‐base transporters are largely unknown. In the present study we have investigated the impact of Rab11 family members on the acidosis‐induced trafficking of the vacuolar‐type H+‐ATPase (V‐ATPase) in salivary duct cells in vitro using the human submandibular cell line of ductal origin HSG as an experimental model. The results show that Rab11b is expressed in salivary ducts and exhibits a significantly higher co‐localization with V‐ATPase than Rab11a and Rab25. We also show that Rab11 but not Rab25 interacts with the ε subunit of V‐ATPase. Extracellular acidosis up‐regulates Rab11b expression and protein abundance in HSG cells and causes translocation of the V‐ATPase from intracellular pools toward the plasma membrane. Loss‐of‐function experiments using specific siRNA either against Rab11b or against its effector Rip11 prevent acidosis‐induced V‐ATPase translocation. These data introduce Rab11b as a crucial regulator and Rip11 as mediator of acidosis‐induced V‐ATPase traffic in duct cells of submandibular gland. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 638–651, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Glutamate preferentially suppresses osteoblastogenesis than adipogenesis through the cystine/glutamate antiporter in mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Takarada‐Iemata Mika , Takarada Takeshi , Nakamura Yukari , Nakatani Eri , Hori Osamu , Yoneda Yukio 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe have shown that glutamate (Glu) signaling machineries, such as receptors (GluR) and transporters, are functionally expressed by mesenchymal stem cells, in addition to by their progeny cells such as osteoblasts and chondrocytes. Sustained exposure to Glu induced significant decreases in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and osteoblastic marker gene expression in the mesenchymal C3H10T1/2 stem cells infected with runt‐related transcription factor‐2 (Runx2) adenovirus, without markedly affecting Oil Red O staining for adipocytes in cells cultured with adipogenic inducers. In cells with Runx2 adenovirus, the cystine/Glu antiporter substrate cystine significantly prevented the decreases by Glu in both ALP staining and osteoblastic marker gene expression, with GluR agonists being ineffective. In cells with Runx2 adenovirus, Glu significantly decreased [14C]cystine uptake, intracellular glutathione (GSH) level, Runx2 recruitment to osteocalcin promoter and nuclear Runx2 protein level, respectively. Cystine again significantly prevented the decreases by Glu in both GSH levels and Runx2 recruitment. In mouse bone marrow stromal cells, Glu and a GSH depleter significantly decreased ALP staining without affecting Oil Red O staining. Knockdown of the cystine/Glu antiporter led to markedly decreased ALP staining and GSH levels, with concomitant prevention of the decrease by Glu, in cells with Runx2 adenovirus. These results suggest that Glu may play a role as a negative regulator at an early differentiation stage into osteoblasts than adipocytes through a mechanism relevant to nuclear translocation of Runx2 after regulation of intracellular GSH levels by the cystine/Glu antiporter expressed in mesenchymal stem cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 652–665, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Highly selective synthesis of propylene glycol ether from methanol and propylene oxide catalyzed by basic ionic liquid
Authors: De Chunyan , Cai Qinghai , Wang Xiaoguang , Zhao Jingxiang , Lu Bin 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Propylene glycol ether is expected to be a safe substitute for toxic ethylene glycol ether usually used in industry owing to its negligible toxicity. Although catalysis of solid acids or bases for the synthesis of the ether can avoid separation of catalysts, liquid waste treatment and corrosion problems, it suffers from drawbacks, e.g. lower activity and selectivity to target product, high reaction pressure and temperature. In order to solve these problems, a basic ionic liquid, namely choline hydroxide was prepared and used as a catalyst for synthesis of the ether via atom‐economy reaction from propylene oxide and methanol.RESULTS: The ionic liquid showed excellent catalytic performance exhibiting 95.4% conversion of propylene oxide (PO) and 94.6% selectivity to 1‐methoxy‐2‐propanol. It is also an effective catalyst for the reaction of PO with other primary alcohols to yield corresponding ethers. In addition this catalyst can be recovered and reused.CONCLUSION: The high activity and selectivity can probably be ascribed to its basicity and/or the strong polarity and electrostatic field of the reaction medium caused by the ionic liquid. These findings are very rare in synthesis of propylene glycol ether to our knowledge. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Skull modularity in neotropical marsupials and monkeys: size variation and evolutionary constraint and flexibility
Authors: Shirai Leila T. , Marroig Gabriel 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAn organism is built through a series of contingent factors, yet it is determined by historical, physical, and developmental constraints. A constraint should not be understood as an absolute obstacle to evolution, as it may also generate new possibilities for evolutionary change. Modularity is, in this context, an important way of organizing biological information and has been recognized as a central concept in evolutionary biology bridging on developmental, genetics, morphological, biochemical, and physiological studies. In this article, we explore how modularity affects the evolution of a complex system in two mammalian lineages by analyzing correlation, variance/covariance, and residual matrices (without size variation). We use the multivariate response to selection equation to simulate the behavior of Eutheria and Metharia skulls in terms of their evolutionary flexibility and constraints. We relate these results to classical approaches based on morphological integration tests based on functional/developmental hypotheses. Eutherians (Neotropical primates) showed smaller magnitudes of integration compared with Metatheria (didelphids) and also skull modules more clearly delimited. Didelphids showed higher magnitudes of integration and their modularity is strongly influenced by within‐groups size variation to a degree that evolutionary responses are basically aligned with size variation. Primates still have a good portion of the total variation based on size; however, their enhanced modularization allows a broader spectrum of responses, more similar to the selection gradients applied (enhanced flexibility). Without size variation, both groups become much more similar in terms of modularity patterns and magnitudes and, consequently, in their evolutionary flexibility. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 314B:663–683, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Do predators cause frog deformities? The need for an eco‐epidemiological approach
Authors: Johnson Pieter T.J. , Bowerman Jay 
Published: August 2010

AbstractRenewed controversy has emerged over the likely causes and consequences of deformed amphibians, particularly those with missing limbs. The results of a series of experiments by Ballengée and Sessions (2009) implicate aquatic predators (i.e. dragonfly larvae) in causing such abnormalities. Skelly and Benard (2010), however, argued that the small scale of these experiments and the absence of a correlation between predator abundance and deformity frequencies in natural amphibian populations undermine such a conclusion. Drawing upon our experiences with frog malformations, we suggest that the study of amphibian deformities has been hindered by two, interrelated problems. First, empirical studies often fail to critically define the expected baseline level of abnormalities and differentiate between “epidemic” and “endemic” frequencies of malformations. Second, recognizing the likelihood of multiple causes in driving amphibian malformations, continued research needs to embrace a “multiple lines of evidence” approach that allows for complex etiologies by integrating field surveys, diagnostic pathology, comparative modeling, and experiments across a range of ecological scales. We conclude by highlighting the results of a recent study that uses this approach to identify the role of aquatic predators (i.e., fishes and dragonflies) in causing high frequencies of deformed frogs in Oregon. By combining long‐term data, comparative data and mechanistic experiments, this study provides compelling evidence that certain predators do cause deformities under ecologically relevant conditions. In light of continuing concerns about amphibian deformities and population declines, we emphasize the need to integrate ecological, epidemiological, and developmental tools in addressing such environmental enigmas. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 314B:515–518, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Skin wound healing in axolotls: a scarless process
Authors: Lévesque Mathieu , Villiard Éric , Roy Stéphane 
Published: August 2010

AbstractUrodele amphibians, such as the axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum), have the unique faculty among vertebrates to regenerate lost appendages (limbs and tail) and other body parts (apex of the heart, forebrain and jaw) after amputation. Interestingly, axolotls never seem to form scar tissue at the site of amputation once regeneration is completed. Before now, very few studies were directly focused on the description of the events happening during wound healing after a skin injury in salamanders. In this paper, we directly investigated skin wound healing after excisional wounding which removed the epidermis, dermis and basement membrane in the axolotl. Axolotls were wounded with a 1.5‐mm skin biopsy punch. Results show rapid re‐epithelialization of the wound within 8 hrs after wounding. Histological analysis of wound healing confirmed the absence of tissue fibrosis throughout the process and shows that skin integrity is re‐established by 90 days after wounding. Results also reveal the absence of neutrophils in the wound area, suggestive of a lack of or low inflammatory response. The expression of proteins central to wound healing seemed different than in mammals as α‐smooth muscle actin was absent and transforming growth factor β‐1 was only transiently expressed during wound healing in the axolotl. Finally, subcutaneous injections of bleomycin were performed to verify whether the induction of scar tissue was possible in axolotls. Surprisingly, results show that axolotls are not resistant to bleomycin‐induced tissue fibrosis, but the resulting scar tissue does not seem to contain significant amounts of collagen. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 314B:684–697, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chemical composition and nutritional quality of sea cucumbers
Authors: Wen Jing , Hu Chaoqun , Fan Sigang 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: The dried form of sea cucumbers has been a seafood and medicinal cure for Asians over many centuries. In this study the chemical composition and nutritional quality of eight common sea cucumbers (Stichopus herrmanni, Thelenota ananas, Thelenota anax, Holothuria fuscogilva, Holothuria fuscopunctata, Actinopyga mauritiana, Actinopyga caerulea and Bohadschia argus) were determined.RESULTS: All species except T. anax and A. caerulea had higher protein and lower fat levels. A. mauritiana and B. argus had less ash content. Glycine was the dominant amino acid found in all species, and content ranged from 126 to 216 mg g−1 of crude protein. All species exhibited low lysine:arginine ratio and higher essential amino acid scores were obtained by threonine and phenylalanine + tyrosine. A. mauritiana had proportionally less saturated fatty acids (31.23%), and more monounsaturated fatty acids (45.64%) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA, 23.13%) than other species. Arachidonic acid (C20:4n‐6) was the major PUFA in all species. T. ananas, A. mauritiana and A. caerulea contained more n‐3 PUFA. The n‐3/n‐6 ratios of eight sea cucumbers species ranged from 0.25 to 0.61.CONCLUSION: Sea cucumbers are a seafood with high protein and low fat levels. The amino acid contents were similar but fatty acid profiles were different among species. The comparison showed that T. ananas, A. mauritiana and B. argus possessed higher nutritional values than other sea cucumber species. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
The potential reuse of biodegradable municipal solid wastes (MSW) as feedstocks in vermicomposting
Authors: Sim Edwin Yih Shyang , Wu Ta Yeong 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThere is an urgent need globally to find alternative sustainable steps to treat municipal solid wastes (MSW) originated from mismanagement of urban wastes with increasing disposal cost. Furthermore, a conglomeration of ever‐increasing population and consumerist lifestyle is contributing towards the generation of more MSW. In this context, vermicomposting offers excellent potential to promote safe, hygienic and sustainable management of biodegradable MSW. It has been demonstrated that, through vermicomposting, MSW such as city garbage, household and kitchen wastes, vegetable wastes, paper wastes, human faeces and others could be sustainably transformed into organic fertiliser or vermicompost that provides great benefits to agricultural soil and plants. Generally, earthworms are sensitive to their environment and require temperature, moisture content, pH and sometimes ventilation at proper levels for the optimum vermicomposting process. Apart from setting the optimum operational conditions for the vermicomposting process, other approaches such as pre‐composting, inoculating micro‐organisms into MSW and redesigning the conventional vermireactor could be introduced to further enhance the vermicomposting of MSW. Thus the present mini‐review discusses the potential of introducing vermicomposting in MSW management, the benefits of vermicomposted MSW to plants, suggestions on how to enhance the vermicomposting of MSW as well as risk management in the vermicomposting of MSW. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Assessment of capillary electrophoresis TOF MS for a confident identification of peptides
Authors: Borges‐Alvarez Marta , Benavente Fernando , Giménez Estela , Barbosa José , Sanz‐Nebot Victoria 
Published: August 2010

AbstractCE on‐line coupled to orthogonal accelerated TOF‐MS (CE‐oa‐TOF‐MS) is an emerging technique offering efficient charge‐to‐mass‐based separations, as well as accurate and high‐resolution mass measurements. Here, we investigated the main factors influencing the analysis of low molecular mass peptides using a sheath‐flow electrospray ionization interface and several neuropeptides as model compounds. Moderate fragmentor voltage values of the oa‐TOF‐MS were crucial to maximize the production of molecular ions for optimum sensitivity precluding molecular fragmentation. However, the major fragments provided specific information that may result valuable for confirmatory purposes. Advantages and disadvantages of adding internal mass references to the sheath liquid for continuous mass‐to‐charge recalibration during the electrophoretic separations were discussed with regard to mass accuracy and sensitivity. Furthermore, several instrumental modes related to mass resolution were also examined. Finally, the method was validated for quantitative analysis of the studied neuropeptides in terms of repeatability, linearity and LODs. The results obtained using CE‐oa‐TOF‐MS were compared with those obtained using CE coupled to other mass spectrometers. In addition to the simplicity and reliability on the identification, CE‐oa‐TOF‐MS allowed improved repeatability and an around 10‐fold improvement in sensitivity with respect to conventional reflectron TOF and ion trap mass analyzers.