bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benchmarking energy consumption and CO2 emissions from rainwater‐harvesting systems: an improved method by proxy
Authors: Ward Sarah , Butler David , Memon Fayyaz Ali 
Published: August 2011

AbstractLife cycle analyses (LCAs) show the main operational energy contribution for rainwater‐harvesting (RWH) systems come from ultraviolet (UV) disinfection and pumping rainwater from tank to building. Simple methods of estimating pump energy consumption do not differentiate between pump start‐up and pump‐operating energy or include pump efficiency parameters. This paper outlines an improved method incorporating these parameters that indirectly estimates pump energy consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions using system performance data. The improved method is applied to data from an office‐based RWH system. Comparison of the simple and improved methods identified the former underestimates pump energy consumption and carbon emissions by 60%. Results of the improved method corresponded well to directly measured energy consumption and energy consumption represented 0.07% of an office building's total energy consumption. Consequently, the overall energy consumption associated with RWH systems is a very minor fraction of total building energy consumption.
Flavonol Content in the Water Extract of the Mulberry (Morus alba L.) Leaf and Their Antioxidant Capacities
Authors: Kim Gyo‐Nam , Jang Hae‐Dong 
Published: August 2011

Abstract:  The biological activities of the mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf have been attributed to its flavonoid content. The water extract of the mulberry leaf (WEML) was prepared by autoclaving at 121 °C for 15 min, and the flavonol content of the WEML was determined by HPLC The WEML contained 4 flavonols in the following order: quercetin‐3‐β‐D‐glucose (QT‐G) > quercetin‐3‐O‐glucose‐6″‐acetate (QT‐GA) > rutin (RT) > quercetin (QT). In the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay, QT had the highest peroxyl radical‐scavenging capacity and a similar hydroxyl radical‐scavenging capacity as its glycosides (QT‐G, QT‐GA, and RT). QT exhibited a stronger cellular antioxidant capacity (CAC) against 2,2′‐Azobis(2‐amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH)‐ and Cu2+‐induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells compared to its glycosides, indicating that the intracellular antioxidant capacity of QT and its glycosides may depend upon both the permeability across the cell membrane and the peroxyl or hydroxyl radical‐scavenging capacity.Practical Application:  The information presented might be used for developing mulberry leaf‐based functional foods.
Probabilistic Models for the Prediction of Target Growth Interfaces of Listeria monocytogenes on Ham and Turkey Breast Products
Authors: Yoon Yohan , Geornaras Ifigenia , Scanga John A. , Belk Keith E. , Smith Gary C. , Kendall Patricia A. , Sofos John N. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract:  This study developed growth/no growth models for predicting growth boundaries of Listeria monocytogenes on ready‐to‐eat cured ham and uncured turkey breast slices as a function of lactic acid concentration (0% to 4%), dipping time (0 to 4 min), and storage temperature (4 to 10 °C). A 10‐strain composite of L. monocytogenes was inoculated (2 to 3 log CFU/cm2) on slices, followed by dipping into lactic acid and storage in vacuum packages for up to 30 d. Total bacterial (tryptic soy agar plus 0.6% yeast extract) and L. monocytogenes (PALCAM agar) populations were determined on day 0 and at the endpoint of storage. The combinations of parameters that allowed increases in cell counts of L. monocytogenes of at least l log CFU/cm2 were assigned the value of 1, while those limiting growth to <1 log CFU/cm2 were given the value of 0. The binary data were used in logistic regression analysis for development of models to predict boundaries between growth and no growth of the pathogen at desired probabilities. Indices of model performance and validation with limited available data indicated that the models developed had acceptable goodness of fit. Thus, the described procedures using bacterial growth data from studies with food products may be appropriate in developing growth/no growth models to predict growth and to select lactic acid concentrations and dipping times for control of L. monocytogenes.Practical Application:  The models developed in this study may be useful in selecting lactic acid concentrations and dipping times to control growth of Listeria monocytogenes on cured ham and uncured turkey breast during product storage, and in determining probabilities of growth under selected conditions. The modeling procedures followed may also be used for application in model development for other products, conditions, or pathogens.
Changes in Carotenoids, Ascorbic Acids, and Quality Characteristics by the Pickling of Paprika (Capsicum Annuum L.) Cultivated in Korea
Authors: Park Jihyun , Kim Suna , Moon BoKyung 
Published: August 2011

Abstract:  Paprika (Capsicum annuum L.) is widely used as a healthy vegetable having antitumor‐promoting activity and reducing or preventing chronic disease. Paprika has been mostly consumed as fresh fruit, and as food colorants such as oleoresin or pigment powder. In this study, pickled paprika was produced and its quality characteristics were monitored during storage (35 °C for 42 d). Carotenoid composition, ascorbic acid, total phenolic contents, and antioxidant activities were also analyzed. Five carotenoid compounds were identified in the pickled paprika and after 42 d of storage, total carotenoid content was 2.44 ± 0.69 mg/100g fresh weight(fw) and ascorbic acid content was 50.90 ± 3.26 mg/100g dry weight (dw). 2,2′‐azino‐di‐(3‐ethylbenzthiazoline sulphonate (ABTS) radical‐scavenging activity of the pickled paprika was maintained above 70% until 28 d of storage, and then decreased to 47% of the initial activity. pH increased from 2.78 ± 0.06 to 3.10 ± 0.03 at 14 d and was then maintained until 42 d. Soluble solids increased gradually and color values including L*, a*, and b* decreased during storage. Hardness also decreased from 6.17 ± 0.18 kg force to 1.90 ± 0.60 kg force during storage. The overall taste of the pickled paprika was deemed to be good until 28 d of storage. Pickled paprika showed a possibility as a new pickled product. We demonstrated that paprika could be processed as a new pickled product with extended storage.Practical Application:  Pickled paprika was produced and its quality characteristics along with phytochemical contents were monitored during storage. Phytochemicals, including ascorbic acid and polyphenols in pickled paprika were considerably retained and visual color was satisfactory during storage. Texture was deemed to be satisfactory for 4 wk. Considering that our experiment was performed at a relatively high temperature and without the addition of calcium for the improvement of texture, our results are quite promising in order to produce new pickled products with extended shelf‐life along with conserving nutritional and functional components and satisfying consumer needs.
Unilateral hypoglossal nerve palsy due to infected molar: a rare entity
Authors: Khan Mubeen , Ohri Neera 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIsolated hypoglossal nerve palsy is a rare condition. There are several causes that can be attributed to it. We present a case where a patient presented herself with pain in the left back tooth region, with unilateral left hypoglossal nerve palsy. All investigations were negative. The infected tooth was removed, and the patient had speech therapy and was actively rehabilitated. The isolated hypoglossal nerve palsy could have been due to the infected impacted tooth. Therefore, dentists presented with a case of isolated hypoglossal nerve palsy should consider the infected impacted tooth as the differential diagnosis.
School teachers’ knowledge of oral disease prevention: a survey from Dharwad, India
Authors: Shodan Mangalore , Prasad Karkala V.V. , Javali Shivalingappa B. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAim:  To assess knowledge and the associated factors among Indian school teachers towards oral disease.Methods:  A cross‐sectional design was employed using a self‐administered questionnaire. A total of 215 school teachers were selected, with a response rate of 95.3% (n = 205).Results:  A total of 35.6% of school teachers had “good” knowledge, while 42.4% had “medium” knowledge of the prevention of oral disease. Knowledge of dental caries was highest, as opposed to oral cancer, which was lowest. School teachers aged >50 years and those with postgraduate degrees had greater knowledge. A significant association was observed between teachers’ levels of knowledge and their age groups (χ2 = 20.9950, P < 0.05) and education level (χ2 = 13.9740, P < 0.05). However, the multivariate stepwise regression analysis showed that education, age group, sex, and type of institutional funding (public/private) was significantly correlated to knowledge (R2 = 0.1250, P < 0.05).Conclusions:  The study revealed that school teachers, in particular younger teachers and those with only basic educational qualifications, need to be further motivated to improve their awareness and knowledge about oral diseases. Therefore, the establishment of school‐based oral health promotion programs in India with immediate effects is essential.
Clinical comparison between a continuous Lembert pattern wrapped in a carboxymethylcellulose and hyaluronate membrane with an interrupted Lembert pattern for one‐layer jejunojejunostomy in horses
Authors: FREEMAN D. E. , SCHAEFFER D. J. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryReasons for performing study: Although experimental studies have demonstrated differences in performance between methods for handsewn jejunojejunostomy in horses, information on clinical results after different methods of anastomosis are rare.Hypothesis: A continuous Lembert pattern wrapped in a carboxymethylcellulose and hyaluronate membrane would perform better than an interrupted Lembert pattern for jejunojejunostomy in horses.Methods: Data was reviewed on 32 horses that underwent jejunojejunostomy from 1993–2002. Kaplan‐Meier analyses and rates for post operative colic and death were used to compare outcomes after an interrupted Lembert pattern (15 horses with strangulating lesions and 5 horses with nonstrangulating lesions) and a continuous Lembert pattern with membrane (12 horses with strangulating diseases).Results: None of the 32 horses had post operative ileus or post operative endotoxaemia. One horse with a continuous pattern required a repeat celiotomy for anastomotic impaction. Short‐term survivals for the interrupted Lembert were 100% (nonstrangulating lesions) and 93% (strangulating lesions) and for the continuous pattern 92% (all strangulating). Long‐term rates for mortality and colic episodes were less for the continuous Lembert pattern with membrane compared with the interrupted Lembert for strangulating lesions (P<0.05) and were less for strangulating lesions than for nonstrangulating lesions (P<0.05). For strangulating lesions, Kaplan‐Meier analyses yielded a survival probability of 70% for up to 9 years after the interrupted Lembert pattern and 80% for up to 5 years for the continuous Lembert pattern.Conclusions and relevance: Both Lembert patterns performed well in clinical use, although the continuous pattern with the carboxymethylcellulose and hyaluronate membrane had superior long‐term outcomes with less colic and mortality from colic.
Receptor-Interacting Protein 2 Controls Pulmonary Host Defense to Escherichia coli Infection via the Regulation of Interleukin-17A
Authors: Balamayooran Theivanthiran , Batra Sanjay , Balamayooran Gayathriy , Cai Shanshan , Kobayashi Koichi S. , Flavell Richard A. , Jeyaseelan Samithamby 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACT

Recognition of microbial patterns by host receptors is the first step in a multistep sequence leading to neutrophil-dependent host resistance. Although the role of membrane-bound sensors in bacterial recognition has been examined in detail, the importance of cytosolic sensors in the lungs is largely unexplored. In this context, there is a major lack of understanding related to the downstream signaling mediators, such as cells and/or molecules, during acute extracellular Gram-negative bacterial pneumonia. In order to determine the role of NOD-like receptors (NLRs), we used an experimental
Escherichia coli
infection model using mice deficient in the gene coding for the NLR adaptor, receptor-interacting protein 2 (RIP2). RIP2
−/−
mice with
E. coli
infection displayed higher bacterial burden and reduced neutrophil recruitment and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2), and CXCL5/LIX expression, along with attenuated histopathological changes in the lungs. Decreased IL-17A levels were observed, along with lower numbers of IL-17A-producing T cells, in RIP2
−/−
mice after infection. RIP2
−/−
mice also show reduced IL-6 and IL-23 levels in the lungs, along with decreased activation of STAT3 after infection. Furthermore, activation of NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) in the lungs of infected RIP2
−/−
mice were attenuated following infection. Although neutrophil mobilization to the blood was impaired in RIP2
−/−
mice following infection, the expression of CD62P, CD11a/18, CD11b, and CXCR2 on blood and lung neutrophils was not altered between infected wild-type (WT) and RIP2
−/−
mice. Thus, RIP2 contributes to neutrophil-dependent host defense against an extracellular Gram-negative pathogen via (i) IL-17A regulation and (ii) neutrophil mobilization to the blood.
Gene Expression Profiles of Immune Mediators and Histopathological Findings in Animal Models of Leptospirosis: Comparison between Susceptible Hamsters and Resistant Mice
Authors: Matsui Mariko , Rouleau Vincent , Bruyère-Ostells Lilian , Goarant Cyrille 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACT

Leptospirosis is a widespread zoonosis characterized by multiple organ failure and variable host susceptibility toward pathogenic
Leptospira
strains. In this study, we put the role of inflammatory mediators in parallel with bacterial burdens and organ lesions by comparing a susceptible animal model, the hamster, and a resistant one, the Oncins France 1 (OF1) mouse, both infected with virulent
Leptospira interrogans
serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae strain Verdun. Histological observations evidenced edema, congestion, hemorrhage, and inflammatory infiltration in the organs of hamsters, in contrast to limited changes in mice. Using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR techniques, we showed that the relative
Leptospira
burden progressively increased in hamster tissues, while a rapid clearance was observed in mouse tissues. The early regulation of the proinflammatory mediators interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and cyclo-oxygenase-2 and the chemokines gamma interferon-inducible protein 10 kDa/CXCL10 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α/CCL3 in mouse tissues contrasted with their delayed and massive overexpression in hamster tissues. Conversely, the induction of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was faster in the resistant than in the susceptible animal model. The role of these cytokines in the pathophysiology of leptospirosis and the implications of their differential regulation in the development of this disease are discussed.
Fate of manuscripts rejected by a non-English-language general medical journal: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Vinther Siri , Rosenberg Jacob 
Published: August 2011

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine whether, where and when manuscripts were published following rejection by theJournal of the Danish Medical Association, a general medical journal published in Danish. Similar previous studies have focused on specialty/subspecialty journals published in English.DesignManuscripts rejected during a 4-year period were searched for in PubMed and Embase in order to assess the percentage of manuscripts subsequently published in other journals. In addition, characteristics of both the published manuscripts and the journals in which they were evaluated.ResultsOf 198 rejected manuscripts, 21 (10.6%) were eventually published after a median of 685 days (range 209–1463). The majority of these were original research, published in English-language specialty/subspecialty journals. The median number of citations per article was 2–3 (IQR 0.5–9.5, depending on the database searched).Conclusions10.6% of the rejected manuscripts were eventually published in other journals, mainly English-language specialty journals. This proportion was considerably lower than that for other journals that have studied the fate of rejected manuscripts. Manuscript translation could be a barrier for resubmitting to English-language journals with larger readerships, thus hindering the dissemination of knowledge to the international community.
Coffee plant – pollinator interactions: a review
Authors: Ngo H.T. , Mojica A.C. , Packer L. 
Published: August 2011

Coffee (genus Coffea L.) is one of the most critical global agricultural crops. Many studies have focused on coffee plants and their associated insects. This review will summarize work specifically relating to coffee plant – pollinator interactions. We review the current status of coffee as a worldwide commodity, botanical aspects of coffee, and insects associated with coffee pollination, and we assess the current understanding of the role of different pollinator taxa in increasing fruit set and yield.
Benefits and costs ofLeptophlebia(Ephemeroptera) mayfly movements between river channels and floodplain wetlands
Authors: Galatowitsch M.L. , Batzer D.P. 
Published: August 2011

Dramatic drift of nymphs of the mayflies Leptophlebia Westwood, 1840 and Siphlonurus Eaton, 1868 (47 600 individuals/trap per hour) was observed between a southeastern USA river and adjacent floodplain following natural flooding events. Active movements of these nymphs against the water flow were also detected. Large numbers of leptophlebid nymphs reside in floodplains during the winter and spring, but how and why they colonize and develop in temporary habitats is uncertain. We detected few environmental advantages (i.e., temperature, food abundance or quality) for mayflies in floodplains compared with river habitats. Despite this, experiments indicated that mayflies had 36% higher growth rates in the floodplain than in the river and demonstrated tolerance to short-term drying (up to 12 d). Migration entails costs of migrating against flows during daylight when vulnerability to predation is high, colonizing a habitat subject to drying, hypoxia, and supporting amphibian predators, with few apparent benefits. Dispersal into wetlands may be attributed to avoiding swift river flows or exploiting largely fishless habitats. However, dispersal could be an evolutionary relic of behavior beneficial in more northerly habitats; our study populations of Leptophlebia mayflies were at the southern extreme of their range and perhaps operating suboptimally. Our results emphasize the importance of river–floodplain linkages to the ecology of both habitats.
Chapter 19 Geology and petroleum potential of the East Barents Sea Basins and Admiralty Arch
Authors: Klett T. R. , Pitman J. K. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
The US Geological Survey (USGS) recently assessed the potential for undiscovered oil and gas resources of the East Barents Basins and Novaya Zemlya Basins and Admiralty Arch Provinces as part of the USGS Circum-Arctic Resource Appraisal. These two provinces are located NE of Scandinavia and the northwestern Russian Federation, on the Barents Sea Shelf between Novaya Zemlya to the east and the Barents Platform to the west. Three assessment units (AUs) were defined in the East Barents Basins for this study – Kolguyev Terrace Assessment Unit (AU), South Barents Basin and Ludlov Saddle AU, and North Barents Basin AU. A fourth, defined as Novaya Zemlya Basins and Admiralty Arch AU, is coincident with the Novaya Zemlya basins and Admiralty Arch Province. These AUs, all lying north of the Arctic Circle, were assessed for undiscovered, technically recoverable resources resulting in total estimated mean volumes of approximately 7.4 billion barrels of crude oil, 318 trillion cubic feet of natural gas and 1.4 billion barrels of natural gas liquids.
Chapter 35 Regional seismic interpretation of crustal framework, Canadian Arctic passive margin, Beaufort Sea, with comments on petroleum potential
Authors: Helwig James , Kumar N. , Emmet P. , Dinkelman M. G. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Three new regional 2D seismic surveys in the Beaufort Sea provide a broad, deeper view of basins and crustal structure of the Meso-Cenozoic Canadian Arctic passive margin. The seismic profiles cover 16 270 km from inner shelf to over 2000 m water depth and include areas previously unsurveyed due to sea-ice limits. The surveys cover offshore Mackenzie Delta and extend north to Latitude 74°N off Banks Island. Geological interpretation is tied to exploratory wells in the Beaufort–Mackenzie Basin that has yielded 48 oil and gas discoveries in Cretaceous–Oligocene sandstones. The entire Meso-Cenozoic passive margin wedge beyond the depocentre ties into this established petroleum system. Three segments of the margin are defined by orientation and structural styles, from typical passive margin geometry to wrench structures to a compressional foldbelt superposed on the western segment. Outboard seismic profiles image oceanic crust and the inferred extinct spreading centre of the Canada Basin. The continent–ocean boundary is interpreted using gravity data supported by deep seismic reflectors. The regional deep imaging of the tectonic architecture, structural sequence and tectonostratigraphy of each segment are major results, and advance the understanding of the geological framework of known and potential petroleum basins of the Arctic margin of Canada.
Chapter 37 U–Pb SIMS zircon geochronology of Triassic and Jurassic sandstones on northwestern Axel Heiberg Island, northern Sverdrup Basin, Arctic Canada
Authors: Omma J. E. , Pease V. , Scott R. A. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Detrital U–Pb zircon age data from five stratigraphically controlled Mesozoic sandstones collected from a relatively continuous section in northwestern Axel Heiberg Island are used to evaluate the sediment dispersal patterns and source areas of the northern Sverdrup Basin. Three distinctive provenance types are identified. Early Triassic, Late Triassic and Middle Jurassic samples are dominated by Permo-Triassic zircons and are inferred to be derived from the Taimyr Peninsula/Polar Urals, the New Siberian Islands or some unexposed source submerged beneath the Arctic Ocean. The presence of chrome spinel in these samples suggests a component of mafic–ultramafic material in the source. An Early Jurassic sample is dominated by late Neoproterozoic–early Silurian zircons, which correlate with the Caledonian and Timanian orogens of the Barents Shelf region. A Late Jurassic sample is dominated by Meso-, Palaeoproterozoic and Archaean zircons interpreted to be sourced from the Canada–Greenland shield.

Supplementary material:

Heavy mineral data (Table S1) and U–Th–Pb ion microprobe analytical data (Table S2) are available at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18475
.