bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Host-Derived Interleukin-1α Is Important in Determining the Immunogenicity of 3-Methylcholantrene Tumor Cells
Authors: Elkabets Moshe , Krelin Yakov , Dotan Shahar , Cerwenka Adelheid , Porgador Angel , Lichtenstein Rachel G. , White Malka R. , Zoller Margot , Iwakura Yoichizo , Dinarello Charles A. , Voronov Elena , Apte Ron N. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Using IL-1/IL-1Ra knockout BALB/c mice, we showed that 3-methylcholatrene (3-MCA)-induced carcinogenesis is dependent on IL-1β-induced inflammatory responses. Patterns of local inflammation and tumorigenicity were similar in wild-type (WT) and IL-1α−/− mice, while in IL-1β−/− mice, tumorigenicity was attenuated and in IL-1Ra−/− mice accentuated. 3-MCA-induced fibrosarcoma cell lines from WT mice developed into progressive tumors in WT mice, while surprisingly, lines from IL-1α−/− mice formed tumors only in immunocompromized mice. 3-MCA-induced fibrosarcoma cell lines from IL-1α−/− mice, compared with lines from WT mice, manifested higher expression levels of “global” surface molecules related to Ag presentation and interactions with immune surveillance cells (MHC class I, B7.1, B7.2, L-selectin, and NKG2D ligands) and were eradicated mainly by CD4+- and CD8+-dependent T cell responses. Concomitantly, at the injection site of 3-MCA-induced fibrosarcoma cells derived from IL-1α−/− mice, a leukocyte infiltrate, subsequently replaced by a scar-like tissue, was observed. Immune aberrations in NK cell maturation, antitumor specific immunity and killing capacity of effector cells were observed in IL-1α−/− mice, in contrast to WT mice. Thus, we demonstrate in this study the significance of host-derived IL-1α in cancer immunoediting, by affecting innate and specific immunosurveillance mechanisms. Overall, the results presented in this study, together with our previous studies, attest to differential involvement of IL-1α and IL-1β in tumorigenesis; host-derived IL-1β mainly controls inflammation, while concomitantly, IL-1α controls immunosurveillance of the arising malignant cells. Elucidation of the involvement of the IL-1 molecules in the malignant process will hopefully lead to the development of novel approaches for chemoprevention and immunotherapy.
Protective Response to Leishmania major in BALB/c Mice Requires Antigen Processing in the Absence of DM
Authors: Kamala Tirumalai , Nanda Navreet K. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Protection from the parasite Leishmania major is mediated by CD4 T cells. BALB/c mice are susceptible to L. major and show a nonprotective immunodominant CD4 T cell response to Leishmania homolog of activated receptor for c-kinase (LACK) 158–173. Host genes that underlie BALB/c susceptibility to L. major infections are poorly defined. DM, a nonclassical MHC class II molecule, due to its peptide editing properties has been shown to 1) edit the repertoire of peptides displayed by APC, and 2) focus the display of epitopes by APC to the immunodominant ones. We tested the hypothesis that deficiency of DM, by causing presentation of a different array of epitopes by infected APC than that presented by DM-sufficient APC, may change the course of L. major infection in the susceptible BALB/c mice. We show herein that unlike their susceptible wild-type counterparts, BALB/c mice deficient in DM are protected from infections with L. major. Furthermore, DM-deficient mice fail to display the immunodominant LACK 158–173 on infected APC. In its place, infected DM−/− hosts show elicitation of CD4 T cells specific for newer epitopes not presented by wild-type L. major-infected APC. Protection of BALB/c DM−/− mice is dependent on IFN-γ. DM is thus a host susceptibility gene in BALB/c mice, and Ag processing in the absence of DM results in elicitation of a protective T cell response against L. major infections. This report suggests a novel mechanism to trigger host resistance against pathogens.
Natural Lipid Ligands Associated with Human CD1d Targeted to Different Subcellular Compartments
Authors: Yuan Weiming , Kang Suk-Jo , Evans James E. , Cresswell Peter 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
CD1d is an MHC class I-like membrane glycoprotein that presents lipid Ags to NKT cells. Despite intensive biochemical, genetic, and structural studies, the endogenous lipids associated with CD1d remain poorly defined because of the biochemical challenges posed by their hydrophobic nature. In this study, we report the generation of a protease-cleavable CD1d variant with a similar trafficking pattern to wild-type CD1d that can be purified in the absence of detergent and allows the characterization of the naturally associated lipids. In addition, we used soluble variants of CD1d that are secreted or retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to survey their acquired lipids. By using multiple mass spectrometry methods, we found that CD1d retained in the ER is predominantly loaded with the most abundant phospholipid in the cell, phosphatidyl choline, while the protease cleavable version of CD1d contains bound sphingomyelin and lysophospholipids in addition to phosphatidyl choline. The secreted soluble version of CD1d, in contrast, lacks detectable phosphatidyl choline and the only detectable associated lipid is sphingomyelin. The data suggest that, in the absence of infection or stress, CD1d molecules survey the ER, the secretory pathway, and the endocytic pathway, and accumulate the most abundantly available lipids present in these compartments.
Statins Impair CD1d-Mediated Antigen Presentation through the Inhibition of Prenylation
Authors: Khan Masood A. , Gallo Richard M. , Renukaradhya Gourapura J. , Du Wenjun , Gervay-Hague Jacquelyn , Brutkiewicz Randy R. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Statins are widely used as cholesterol-lowering agents that also decrease inflammation and target enzymes essential for prenylation, an important process in the activation and intracellular transport of proteins vital for a wide variety of cellular functions. Here, we report that statins impair a critical component of the innate immune response, CD1d-mediated Ag presentation. The addition of specific intermediates in the isoprenylation pathway reversed this effect, whereas specific targeting of enzymes responsible for prenylation mimicked the inhibitory effects of statins on Ag presentation by CD1d as well as MHC class II molecules. This study demonstrates the importance of isoprenylation in the regulation of Ag presentation and suggests a mechanism by which statins reduce inflammatory responses.
Thymic OX40 Expression Discriminates Cells Undergoing Strong Responses to Selection Ligands
Authors: Klinger Mark , Kim Joong Kyu , Chmura Stephen A. , Barczak Andrea , Erle David J. , Killeen Nigel 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
OX40 is a member of the TNF receptor family expressed on activated and regulatory T (Treg) cells. Using an Ox40-cre allele for lineage marking, we found that a subpopulation of naive T cells had also previously expressed OX40 in the thymus. Ox40-cre was induced in a small fraction of thymocytes that were OX40+, some of which were CD25high Treg cell precursors. Thymic OX40 expression distinguished cells experiencing a strong signaling response to positive selection. Naive T cells that had previously expressed OX40 demonstrated a partially activated phenotype that was distinct from that of most naive T cells. The results are consistent with the selection of Treg cells and a minor subpopulation of naive T cells being dependent on strong signaling responses to thymic self ligands.
Cutting Edge: Lung Mucosal Th17-Mediated Responses Induce Polymeric Ig Receptor Expression by the Airway Epithelium and Elevate Secretory IgA Levels
Authors: Jaffar Zeina , Ferrini Maria E. , Herritt Lou A. , Roberts Kevan 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR) is a central player in mucosal immunity that mediates the delivery of polymeric IgA and IgM to the apical surface of epithelial cells via transcytosis. Emerging evidence suggests that Th17 cells not only mediate autoimmunity but also play key roles in mucosal host defense against pathogens. We demonstrate that OVA-specific CD4+ Th17 cells, in addition to causing neutrophilic inflammation in mice, mediated a pronounced influx of CD19+ B cells into the lungs following Ag inhalation. Coincident with this recruitment was a striking induction in pIgR expression by the bronchial epithelium and a subsequent increase in airway IgM and secretory IgA levels. Intranasal administration of IL-17 revealed a crucial role for this cytokine in inducing pIgR expression by the epithelium. These findings support a key role for Th17 cells in pulmonary immune defense against respiratory pathogens by promoting pIgR-mediated transport of secretory IgA and IgM into the airway.
Catégoriser à 13 et 16 mois : comparaison de deux méthodes
Authors: Bourdais Cécile , Pêcheux Marie-Germaine 
Published: April 2009

Résumé On compare ici deux tâches, l’exploration multimodale et le toucher séquentiel, communément utilisées pour étudier la catégorisation chez des enfants préverbaux (13 et 16 mois). Divers types de catégorisation ont été suggérés aux enfants en présentant des reproductions en plastique d’animaux et de voitures : des catégories taxonomiques (Rosch, Mervis, Gray, Johnson et Boyes-Braem., 1976) du niveau de base, surordonnées et subordonnées, et des catégories contextuelles (Mandler & Bauer, 1988). Pour l’exploration multimodale on a repris la méthodologie de Oakes, Plumert, Lansink et Merryman (1996), i.e. une familiarisation à 4 items avec 12 essais, suivie de tests de réaction à la nouveauté pour un nouvel exemplaire de la catégorie, et deux nouveaux items hors catégorie. Les mêmes items ont été présentés dans la tâche de toucher séquentiel, chaque plateau incluant 4 items de 2 catégories contrastées. Les résultats confirment que la catégorisation apparaît plus précocement au travers de l’exploration multimodale, pour tous les types de catégories. L’ordre de difficulté des catégories est le même pour les deux tâches et les deux âges : surordonnées d’abord, puis subordonnées, puis du niveau de base puis contextuelles. Enfin aucun effet de l’âge n’est observé. Dans la discussion on s’interroge sur l’effet des savoirs préalables dans l’une et l’autre tâche. Par ailleurs, dans la mesure où les deux tâches utilisent l’attention comme indice de l’activité cognitive, on suggère que les caractéristiques de l’attention au début de la seconde année doivent être prises en compte pour expliquer les performances.
Bending of the Flexible Spacer Chain of Gemini Surfactant Induced by Hydrophobic Interaction
Authors: YOU Yi , JIANG Rong , LING Tingting , ZHAO Jianxi 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn order to understand the special role of the flexible alkylene spacer of gemini surfactant in the self‐assembly, three gemini surfactants, alkylene‐α,ω‐bis(didodecylmethylammonium bromide) that is designated as 2C12‐s‐2C12· 2Br (s=3, 6, 8), were synthesized. When the spread films of 2C12‐s‐2C12·2Br on the surface of water were constructed, they form the dense layer of the alkyl tails owing to four dodecyl chains per molecule. This induced the bending of the spacer chain toward the air‐side at the s smaller than that of C12‐s‐C12·2Br adsorbed on the air/water interface owing to the enhanced hydrophobic interaction between the alkyl tails and the spacer chain, where C12‐s‐C12·2Br has only two alkyl tails per molecule. Conclusively, the enhanced hydrophobic interaction between the alkyl tails and the spacer chain can effectively induce the bending of the latter toward the air‐side.
Synthesis of covalently linked porphyrin dimers and trimers
Authors: Anton John A. , Kwong Josephine , Loach Paul A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe synthesis of covalently linked porphyrin dimers and trimers is described. Mono‐ and dihydroxyporphyrins were synthesized by transeslerifying 5,10,15,20‐tetra(4‐carbomethoxy‐phenyl)porphyrin with ethylene glycol. The mixture of transesterified porphyrins were separated by preparative thin layer chromatography. Metal derivatives were made of the mono‐ and dihydroxyporphyrins and these were reacted with the acid chloride of a monocarboxyporphyrin to yield hybrid dimers and trimers containing one melalloporphyrin and either one or two free base porphyrins. The structures and purity of the dimers and trimers were established by measuring the absorbance spectra, nmr spectra, and molecular weight by gel permeation chromatography.
Trapping of thiaziridinimines with thiocarbonyl compounds
Authors: L'Abbé Gerrit , Yu Chih‐Chou 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThermolysis of 4‐benzyl‐5‐tosylimino‐1,2,3,4‐thiatriazoline at 60–70° in the presence of representative C = S unsaturated compounds furnished 1,2,4‐dithiazolidin‐5‐imines in moderate yields. The reaction is assumed to proceed via the inlermediacy of an unstable thiaziridinimine which is trapped by the C=S compound in a regiospecific manner. Among the thiocarbonyl compounds used are p,p′‐dimethoxythiobenzophenone, xanthates and 3‐benzylrhodanine, the latter giving rise to a spiro adduct.
Dem Kohlenstoff im Meer auf der Spur
Authors: Dittmar Thorsten 
Published: April 2009

AbstractEtwa 60 Petamol Kohlenstoff sind in den Ozeanen als gelöstes organisches Material gespeichert. Mit hochauflösender Massenspektrometrie lässt sich seine Zusammensetzung analysieren. Dies hilft, den globalen Kohlenstoffkreislauf besser zu verstehen.
Mechanische Eigenschaften mit Obertonanalyse: FT‐Rheologie
Authors: Wilhelm Manfred 
Published: April 2009

AbstractDie Fourier‐Transform‐Rheologie erweitert die oszillierende Rheologie in den nichtlinearen Bereich. Das ist der Bereich, in dem Viskosität und Elastizität eine Funktion der Anregung werden, die Messung also das Material verändert. Somit liefert die Methode Informationen zum mechanischen Verhalten, die praxisrelevante Eigenschaften oft besser widerspiegeln als lineare Daten.
Organisch‐chemische Rückstandsanalyse in der Arktis
Authors: Kallenborn Roland , Trümper Monika 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSchadstoffkonzentrationen in arktischen Proben sind in der Regel sehr gering. Die niedrigen Konzentrationen in Kombination mit dem großen Kontaminationspotenzial während Probennahme und Lagerung konfrontieren den Umweltforscher mit besonderen methodischen Schwierigkeiten. Fachfremde Wissenschaftler müssen daher alle Messresultate kritisch hinterfragen, bevor sie diese interpretieren. Die Analysenmethoden sind nach den Kriterien der Qualitätssicherung zu validieren.
Onlineanalytik verbessert Prozessführung
Authors: Krämer Stefan , Wegner Horst 
Published: April 2009

AbstractKonventionelle Regelung arbeitet mit Messungen von Durchfluss, Druck und Temperatur. Messdaten aus Onlineanalytik liefern stoffspezifische Informationen wie Konzentrationen und entstammen einer komplexeren Messtechnik.
Preparation of HMX by Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid Catalyzed Nitrolysis of Hexamethylenetetramine in Fluorous Media
Authors: Yi Wen‐Bin , Cai Chun 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPerfluorooctanesulfonic acid (CF3(CF2)7SO3H, PFOS) efficiently catalyzes the nitrolysis of hexamethylenetetramine in fluorous media, affording a good yield of the explosive HMX. The reaction can be carried out without acetic anhydride or acetic acid. The fluorous phase containing the catalyst could be easily separated and can be reused several times without significant loss of catalytic activity.
God, Wittgenstein and John Cook
Authors: Levi Don S. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis essay is a meditation on Wittgenstein's injunction to ‘look and see’, especially when it is applied to the debate over theological realism. John Cook thinks that the injunction should be followed in metaphysics and epistemology, something he believes that Wittgenstein himself did not do. I am inclined to think that Cook is right about this, even though I am not persuaded by him that Wittgenstein goes wrong because he was committed to Neutral Monism. Interestingly, Cook thinks that there is no need to adopt the look-and-see approach when it comes to the philosophy of religion, and this paper tries to show why he is wrong to think so.
R&D COOPERATION WITH UNIT‐ELASTIC DEMAND
Authors: Götz Georg , Hammerschmidt Anna 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACTThe present paper shows that R&D cooperation leads to the monopoly outcome in terms of price and quantity if demand is unit‐elastic. If the demand function exhibits an upper bound for the willingness to pay, R&D cooperation is inferior to a scenario in which firms cooperate both in their R&D and their output decision.
Detection of Mild Hyposalivation in Elderly People Based on the Chewing Time of Specifically Designed Disc Tests: Diagnostic Accuracy
Authors: Madinier Isabelle , Starita‐Geribaldi Mireille , Berthier Frederic , Pesci‐Bardon Catherine , Brocker Patrice 
Published: April 2009

OBJECTIVES: To compare sialometry with chewing time (including swallowing) of specifically designed disc tests.DESIGN: Index test versus reference standard (sialometry; 60 patients); reliability study (10 patients).SETTING: Outpatient dental clinic and geriatric ward, Nice University Hospital, France.PARTICIPANTS: Thirty adults and 30 older patients (mean ages 47 and 84).INTERVENTION: Index test assessment in patients with and without hyposalivation.MEASUREMENTS: Data from medical files, interviews and oral examination were collected. Sialometry (stimulated salivary flow rate (SSFR) mL/min) and disc chewing times (seconds) were measured.RESULTS: Sialometry was too long and was inappropriate for five of the 30 older persons. Chewing times were negatively correlated to sialometry results (Spearman correlation coefficient (R)=0.77, P<.001). The threshold to diagnose hyposalivation (SSFR <1 mL/min) was 40 seconds (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC)=0.921, 100% sensitivity, 72% specificity). Twenty‐seven subjects with a SSFR less than 1.5 mL/min had a chewing time longer than 40 seconds, suggesting that mild hyposalivation and eating difficulties were related (AUC=0.941, 93% sensitivity, 88% specificity). Mean chewing time was greater with xerostomia (51.9 vs 30.7 seconds, P<.001) but not with dental pain (39.5 vs 39.9, P=.96). Masticatory percentage (e.g., pairs of antagonistic teeth) had no effect on chewing time (SSFR <1 mL/min, AUC=0.921; SSFR <1.5 mL/min, AUC=0.950). Reliability was better for the disc test than for sialometry (intraclass correlation 0.85 vs 0.70).CONCLUSION: This disc test was conceived to detect mild hyposalivation in geriatric patients with impaired dental health. Early detection of hyposalivation could help to suppress or avoid xerostomia‐inducing drugs and to prevent oral infections and dental caries.
Adult weight management: Translating research and guidelines into practice
Authors: Shay Laura E. , Shobert Jennifer L. , Seibert Diane , Thomas Lauren E. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPurpose: To provide a practical approach to managing overweight and obese adult patients based on data from research and recommendations from established guidelines.Data sources: Comprehensive review articles and original research articles identified through Medline and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL).Conclusions: There is a great deal of research being conducted on new ways to treat obesity; however, despite all this new information, many primary care providers continue to report that they do not address weight or weight control strategies with their patients. Reasons include too little time, not enough training, lack of financial incentive, and failure to believe that patients can be successful.Implications for practice: Weight management essentially comes down to one key concept: negative energy balance (fewer calories in and/or more calories out). Patients can be taught how to achieve a negative energy balance by using a food/exercise diary to track their daily caloric goal to achieve a 1–2 pound weight loss per week. Nurse practitioners (NPs) can implement safe and effective weight management plans for their patients by teaching them how to self‐monitor, eat healthy, and exercise. This method is similar to what NPs commonly use for patients with diabetes mellitus.
A palynotaxonomic study of the genus Filipendula (Rosaceae)
Authors: LEE Sangtae , KANG Meekyung , HEO Kyeong‐In , CHEN Wen‐Li , LEE Chunghee 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPollen grains from 15 species (18 taxa) of the genus Filipendula were examined with light and scanning electron microscopy. It was revealed that the pollen grains are isopolar, tricolporate, with scabrate or scabrate‐microechinate surface. The pollen morphology was compared with the conventional classification systems of the genus by different authors, and supported Shimizu's system (1961), in which the genus was divided into three subgenera. The monotypic subgen. Hypogyna is characterized by pollen lacking fastigium and thickened costae colpi. The other monotypic subgen. Filipendula differs from others by pollen having larger grain, larger pore size, longitudinally elliptic fastigium and thickened costae colpi. The largest subgen. Ulmaria is distinguished by pollen having rounded or latitudinally elliptic fastigium and thickened costae colpi. Sectional classification was not supported by the pollen morphology due to insufficient variability.
What can we learn from a decade of database audits? The Duke Clinical Research Institute experience, 1997—2006
Authors: Rostami Reza , Nahm Meredith , Pieper Carl F 
Published: April 2009

Background Despite a pressing and well-documented need for better sharing of information on clinical trials data quality assurance methods, many research organizations remain reluctant to publish descriptions of and results from their internal auditing and quality assessment methods. Purpose We present findings from a review of a decade of internal data quality audits performed at the Duke Clinical Research Institute, a large academic research organization that conducts data management for a diverse array of clinical studies, both academic and industry-sponsored. In so doing, we hope to stimulate discussions that could benefit the wider clinical research enterprise by providing insight into methods of optimizing data collection and cleaning, ultimately helping patients and furthering essential research. Methods We present our audit methodologies, including sampling methods, audit logistics, sample sizes, counting rules used for error rate calculations, and characteristics of audited trials. We also present database error rates as computed according to two analytical methods, which we address in detail, and discuss the advantages and drawbacks of two auditing methods used during this 10-year period. Results Our review of the DCRI audit program indicates that higher data quality may be achieved from a series of small audits throughout the trial rather than through a single large database audit at database lock. We found that error rates trended upward from year to year in the period characterized by traditional audits performed at database lock (1997—2000), but consistently trended downward after periodic statistical process control type audits were instituted (2001—2006). These increases in data quality were also associated with cost savings in auditing, estimated at 1000 h per year, or the efforts of one-half of a full time equivalent (FTE). Limitations Our findings are drawn from retrospective analyses and are not the result of controlled experiments, and may therefore be subject to unanticipated confounding. In addition, the scope and type of audits we examine here are specific to our institution, and our results may not be broadly generalizable. Conclusions Use of statistical process control methodologies may afford advantages over more traditional auditing methods, and further research will be necessary to confirm the reliability and usability of such techniques. We believe that open and candid discussion of data quality assurance issues among academic and clinical research organizations will ultimately benefit the entire research community in the coming era of increased data sharing and re-use. Clinical Trials 2009; 6: 141—150. http://ctj.sagepub.com