bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline on Uses of Serum Tumor Markers in Adult Males With Germ Cell Tumors
Authors: Gilligan Timothy D. , Seidenfeld Jerome , Basch Ethan M. , Einhorn Lawrence H. , Fancher Timothy , Smith David C. , Stephenson Andrew J. , Vaughn David J. , Cosby Roxanne , Hayes Daniel F. 
Published: June 2010

Purpose To provide recommendations on appropriate uses for serum markers of germ cell tumors (GCTs). Methods Searches of MEDLINE and EMBASE identified relevant studies published in English. Primary outcomes included marker accuracy to predict the impact of decisions on outcomes. Secondary outcomes included proportions of patients with elevated markers and statistical tests of elevations as prognostic factors. An expert panel developed consensus guidelines based on data from 82 reports. Results No studies directly compared outcomes of decisions with versus without marker assays. The search identified few prospective studies and no randomized controlled trials; most were retrospective series. Lacking data on primary outcomes, most Panel recommendations are based on secondary outcomes (relapse rates and time to relapse). Recommendations The Panel recommended against using markers to screen for GCTs, to decide whether orchiectomy is indicated, or to select treatment for patients with cancer of unknown primary. To stage patients with testicular nonseminomas, the Panel recommended measuring three markers (α-fetoprotein [AFP], human chorionic gonadotropin [hCG], and lactate dehydrogenase [LDH]) before and after orchiectomy and before chemotherapy for those with extragonadal nonseminomas. They also recommended measuring AFP and hCG shortly before retroperitoneal lymph node dissection and at the start of each chemotherapy cycle for nonseminoma, and periodically to monitor for relapse. The Panel recommended measuring postorchiectomy hCG and LDH for patients with seminoma and preorchiectomy elevations. They recommended against using markers to guide or monitor treatment for seminoma or to detect relapse in those treated for stage I. However, they recommended measuring hCG and AFP to monitor for relapse in patients treated for advanced seminoma.
The effect of engine and transmission oil viscometrics on vehicle fuel consumption
Authors: Hawley J G , Bannister C D , Brace C J , Akehurst S , Pegg I , Avery M R 
Published: June 2010

An extensive programme of work has been undertaken to assess the potential benefits of modulating the properties of both the engine and the transmission lubricating oils to achieve lower fuel consumption. The performance of the engine lubricants was evaluated on a production diesel engine on a transient test bed. The main engine lubricating-oil viscometric properties investigated were the cold cranking shear, the kinematic viscosity at 100°C, and the high-temperature high-shear value. Up to 3.5 per cent fuel economy improvement was observed over the New European Drive Cycle (NEDC), relative to current production lubricants. A model relating the fuel consumption to the oil properties was developed and verified using an experimental programme conducted on a chassis dynamometer. In a related study, the effects of changes in the transmission lubricant properties were evaluated using a standard five-speed manual transmission fitted to a light-goods vehicle and tested on a chassis dynamometer. The lubricant was heated using an external energy source to simulate the effect of a more rapid warm-up; this reduced the viscosity of the lubricant and a fuel consumption improvement of 0.7 per cent was demonstrated over the NEDC from a 25°C start. In addition, a lower-viscosity lubricant blend was evaluated, which delivered a 1 per cent improvement in the fuel economy over the standard blend from a cold start, and a further 0.4 per cent improvement if heated.
A potent antitumor polysaccharide from the edible brown seaweedHydroclathrus clathratus
Authors: Wang Hui , Chiu Lawrence C.M. , Ooi Vincent E.C. , Ang Put O. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA sulfated polysaccharide H3-a1 [designated polysaccharide fraction, H3-a1, ofHydroclathrus clathratus(HCP)] was isolated and purified from an edible brown seaweedHydroclathrus clathratus; HCP contained about 8.6% protein and a relatively high sulfur content (8.2%). HCP significantly affected the growth of human acute promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60), human breast carcinoma (MCF-7) and human hepatocellular carcinoma cancer cell lines. As revealed by flow cytometry, when HCP was co-incubated with HL-60 and MCF-7 cells for 72 h, it induced significant sub-G1 arrest (apoptosis) of these cells. HCP caused G1 phase arrest but did not induce terminal differentiation of these cancer cells.In vivoantitumor tests showed that HCP inhibited tumor growth at doses of 20 and 50 mg kg-1in tumor-bearing BALB/c (supplied by the Laboratory Animal Services Centre of The Chinese University of Hong Kong) mice, but this effect was not due to anin vivoinhibitory effect on tumorigenesis. Nevertheless, HCP suppressed ascitic Sarcoma 180 tumor growth and prolonged the life span of the tumor-bearing mice by about 30–40%. HCP had no observed toxic side effects; it did not affect blood cells, or body, liver or spleen weights of mice 4, 7 and 10 days after treatment. This sulfated polysaccharide induced increased tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) level in mouse serum. It also activated peritoneal macrophages to secrete TNF-α and nitric oxide.
Residual Strain Effects on Bridging Stress of Cracked and Delaminated Fiber Metal Laminates
Authors: Wang John T. , Smith Stephen W. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
An analytical model is developed that accounts for the effects of both residual thermal strain and residual post-cure stretching strain in the prediction of the bridging stress and the crack opening displacement (COD) of cracked and delaminated fiber metal laminates. Two GLARE® tensile specimen configurations with center cracks in the aluminum layers, one with elliptically shaped delaminations and the other with rhomboidally shaped delaminations, are analyzed with the governing solutions of the analytical model. The shear deformations at the delamination front of either the resin rich region at the metal-fiber layer interface or the fiber layer itself are modeled. Analytical results show that the presence of residual thermal strain reduces the bridging stress while residual post-cure stretching strain increases the bridging stress. A high post-cure stretching level, inducing a greater bridging stress for lowering the COD and also affecting crack closure at crack tips, can result in an increased fatigue life. The use of either of the two shear models has negligible effect on the calculated bridging stress and COD. The analytical results are correlated with available test data of CODs for validating the analytical model.
Viennese Moderne and Its Spatial Planes, Sounded
Authors: Dolp Laura 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
The opening of Mahler's “Der Abschied” from Das Lied von der Erde demonstrates a special set of musical conditions that include spare textures, a wide disposition of instrumental forces, and the effect of temporal suspension. This transparency allows the process of individuation and exchange between musical elements to come to the fore, especially in relation to timbre. Through this passage Mahler highlights voices that work in synthesis with those that are juxtaposed. The first half of the study explores how this music is defined spatially through this process. It then proposes that this space is historically meaningful because Mahler's construction of musical space is analogous to the visual tensions in the landscape works of his artistic contemporaries Gustav Klimt and Egon Schiele. In both musical and visual context, these tensions reflect the diversity of the Viennese Moderne through their ephemeral and laconic qualities.
Mahler's compositional tendency to “suspend” time and flatten the sonic plane gave his critics fodder for an ideological argument that involved ornamentation versus organic development, since his methods reflected ambiguously on the nineteenthcentury tradition of teleologically based symphonic forms. “Abschied” derived its relevancy from neither static surface nor motivic development but by its capacity to suggest unique spatial relationships. The movement initiates a timbrally and rhythmically nuanced recitative, in the form of subtle decays and articulated renewals. Like Klimt's superimposed visual planes, which create a synthetic relationship between figure and ground, Mahler's music suggests incremental distances between subjects. The economy of his music relates also to Schiele's laconic subjects. In Mahler's landscapes, both types of experiments coexist.
Prevalence of AIP mutations in a large series of sporadic Italian acromegalic patients and evaluation of CDKN1B status in acromegalic patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia
Authors: Occhi G , Trivellin G , Ceccato F , De Lazzari P , Giorgi G , Demattè S , Grimaldi F , Castello R , Davì M V , Arnaldi G , Salviati L , Opocher G , Mantero F , Scaroni C 
Published: June 2010

BackgroundGermline mutations in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein (AIP) gene and the p27KIP1 encoding gene CDKN1B have been associated with two well-defined hereditary conditions, familial isolated pituitary adenoma (FIPA) and multiple endocrine neoplasia type 4 (MEN4). Somatotropinomas are present in most AIP mutated FIPA kindreds, as well as in two-thirds of MEN4 patients who carry pituitary tumors.MethodsGermline DNA samples of 131 Italian sporadic acromegalic patients including 38 individuals with multiple tumors, and of six FIPA families (four homogeneous for prolactinomas and two heterogeneous with prolactin/nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas) were collected in a multicentric collaborative study. The prevalence of AIP and CDKN1B gene point mutations and copy number variations were evaluated.ResultsTwo novel (IVS3+1G>A and c.871G>A) and one previously described (c.911G>A) AIP mutations were detected in four apparently sporadic cases (3.1%) with relatively high age at diagnosis (49±18, range 30–67). No mutations/rearrangements were detected in FIPA families. The highly conserved c.871G>A substitution was detected in a patient who also carried a MEN1 mutation suggesting that she is a double heterozygote. The possible pathogenic effect on AIP splicing of the silent substitution c.144G>A found in another patient was ruled out using a minigene-based approach. CDKN1B mutations/rearrangements were neither identified in patients with multiple neoplasia nor in FIPA families.ConclusionAIP is mutated in about 3% of apparently sporadic acromegalic patients. The relatively high age at diagnosis, as well as its sporadic presentation, suggests that these patients are carriers of mutations with reduced pathogenicity. p27KIP1 is unlikely to represent the common unifying nonendocrine etiology for acromegaly and cancer.
Treatment of Children With Migraine in Emergency Departments: National Practice Variation Study
Authors: Richer Lawrence P. , Laycock Keri , Millar Kelly , Fitzpatrick Eleanor , Khangura Simi , Bhatt Maala , Guimont Chantal , Neto Gina , Noseworthy Steve , Siemens Ron , Gouin Serge , Rowe Brian H. ,   for the Pediatric Emergency Research Canada Emergency Department Migraine Group
Published: June 2010

OBJECTIVE:
Children with migraine may present to an emergency department (ED) when outpatient management has failed; however, only limited research has examined migraine-abortive medications among children.

METHODS:
A retrospective chart review of ED presentations for migraine or headache between July 1, 2004, and June 30, 2005, in 10 Canadian pediatric EDs was conducted. A priori, evidence-based treatments were defined as any treatment that was based on high-quality evidence and an absence of opioids as first-line agents.

RESULTS:
A total of 2515 records were screened, and 1694 (67.4%) met inclusion criteria. The average age of patients was 12.1 years, 14.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 12.1%–17.2%) of patients experienced headache &gt;15 days per month, and 62.6% (95% CI: 55.7%–68.9%) had already used migraine-abortive therapy. Significant variations in practice for all classes of migraine-abortive medications were observed. Dopamine receptor antagonists (prochlorperazine, metoclopramide, or chlorpromazine) (39% [95% CI: 28.4%–50.8%]) and orally administered analgesics (acetaminophen and ibuprofen) (24.5% [95% CI: 23.9%–46.8%]) were prescribed most commonly. Predictors for the use of evidence-based treatment included older age (odds ratio: 1.15 [95% CI: 1.07–1.24]) and a discharge diagnosis of migraine (odds ratio: 1.84 [95% CI: 1.11–3.05]).

CONCLUSIONS:
Children presenting to EDs for treatment often have frequent attacks and have experienced failure of outpatient, migraine-abortive efforts. Practice variations were impressive for the care of children with migraine in these Canadian EDs.
Smoke-Free Air Laws and Secondhand Smoke Exposure Among Nonsmoking Youth
Authors: Dove Melanie S. , Dockery Douglas W. , Connolly Gregory N. 
Published: June 2010

OBJECTIVES:We investigated the association between smoke-free law coverage and cotinine among nonsmoking youth (3–19 years) with and without home secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure.METHODS:We used data from the 1999–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a cross-sectional survey designed to monitor the health and nutritional status of the US population. Serum cotinine levels were available for 11 486 nonsmoking youth from 117 survey locations. Each location was categorized into 1 of 3 groups indicating extensive, limited, and no coverage by a smoke-free law. Cotinine was analyzed both as a dichotomous (≥0.05 ng/mL) and as a continuous outcome.RESULTS:Among youth without home SHS exposure, those who were living in a county with extensive coverage of a smoke-free air law had an adjusted 0.61 times (95% confidence interval: 0.48–0.78) the prevalence of detectable cotinine and 0.57 (95% confidence interval: 0.41–0.79) times lower geometric mean compared with youth without a smoke-free air law. Among youth with home SHS exposure, youth with extensive coverage of a smoke-free air law had lower geometric mean cotinine compared with youth who were living in a county without a smoke-free air law, but these differences were no longer observed after adjustment for covariates.CONCLUSIONS:These results suggest that smoke-free laws are an effective strategy for reducing cotinine in youth without home SHS exposure; however, among youth with home SHS exposure, no benefit was detected.
Generalized Mechanical Nerve Pain Hypersensitivity in Children With Episodic Tension-type Headache
Authors: Fernández-Mayoralas Daniel M. , Fernández-de-las-Peñas César , Ortega-Santiago Ricardo , Ambite-Quesada Silvia , Jiménez-García Rodrigo , Fernández-Jaén Alberto 
Published: June 2010

OBJECTIVES:
The objective of this study was to analyze the presence of generalized pressure pain hypersensitivity over nerve tissues in trigeminal and nontrigeminal regions in children with frequent episodic tension-type headache (FETTH).

METHODS:
Thirty children, 7 boys and 23 girls (mean age: 8.8 ± 1.7 years) with FETTH and 50 age- and gender-matched healthy children (14 boys, 36 girls; mean age: 8.5 ± 2.1 years; P = .743) were recruited. Pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) were bilaterally assessed over supra-orbital (V1), infra-orbital (V2), mental (V3), median (C5), radial (C6), and ulnar (C7) nerves by an assessor who was blinded to the patient's condition.

RESULTS:
The analysis of variance showed that PPT levels were significantly bilaterally decreased over both trigeminal (supra-orbital, infra-orbital, and mental) and nontrigeminal (median, ulnar, and radial) nerves in children with FETTH as compared with control subjects (all sites, P &lt; .001). There was a greater magnitude of PPT decrease within trigeminal nerves as compared with nontrigeminal nerves (P &lt; .03). PPTs over infra-orbital (rs = −0.4, P &lt; .05) and radial (rs = −0.5, P &lt; .01) nerves were negatively correlated with the duration of headache attacks (P &lt; .05).

CONCLUSIONS:
Our study revealed bilateral and generalized pressure hypersensitivity over both trigeminal and nontrigeminal nerves in children with FETTH. Diffuse hypersensitivity of peripheral nerves evidences the presence of hyperexcitability of the central nervous system in children with FETTH.
Constructing a Narrative in the Standard Unexpected Transfer Test in Adolescence and Adulthood
Authors: Białecka-Pikul Marta , Rynda Marta , Syrecka Daria 
Published: June 2010

Constructing a Narrative in the Standard Unexpected Transfer Test in Adolescence and Adulthood
The aim of the presented research was the replication and extension of the research by Nelson, Plesa and Henseler (1998), which was the basis for examining the nature of the theory of mind or mentalizing ability (that is, the ability to attribute mental states to other people in order to explain and predict their behaviors) in adolescents and adults. Specifically, its experience-like versus theory-like character. The test, an unexpected transfer task (the Max story), was completed by 827 people aged 13 to 75 (average 21.9). Half of them were supposed to solve the task with a shorter version of the story (including only the facts), and the other half were given the longer version (including descriptions of emotions, beliefs of the protagonist and explanations of ongoing events). All of the answers were then categorized applying Nelson's classification and two other types of analysis. Gender, age and fields of interest were taken into account during analysis of the participants' answers. The Polish respondents rarely answered in a narrative way (only 13%, in contrast to Nelson's result of 46%). Despite the fact that age was not a factor corresponding to a narrative answer, it was proven that older respondents did indeed assume the first person perspective when justifying Max's behavior. Women, more often than men, appealed to the knowledge and the protagonist's way of thinking. The respondents' fields of interest did not seem to diversify the obtained results, nor did the version of the story. The results do not allow us to draw unambiguous conclusions about the nature of the adult's theory of mind, but they form the basis for analyzing the methodology of research on theory of mind.
The Impact of Audio Information Intonation on Understanding Television News Content
Authors: Francuz Piotr 
Published: June 2010

The Impact of Audio Information Intonation on Understanding Television News Content
The goal of the research presented in this article is to verify the hypothesis that television viewers have difficulties understanding news content due to inappropriate prosodic articulation used by reporters reading the news. News texts are often read with excessive rhetorical accent and omitting logical accents. Sometimes even the prosodic rules of text segmentation are broken as well. Understanding of news is analyzed in the areas of: (1) appropriately applying words, (2) receiving important, detailed information, (3) synthesis of news content and (4) cause-effect inference. It was found that inappropriate intonation of read news text results in television viewers: (1) being unable to correctly understand the words in accordance with the context of the news content, (2) not remembering the most important details of the news and (3) having problems with pointing out the real causes of events discussed in the news. In addition, it appears that reading of the text by reporters in logical accents and in accordance with the norms of Polish language prosody does not negatively influence the evaluation of news in terms of attractiveness, usefulness and objectivity.
Inspiring Teachers for Energy Education: An Illustrative Case Study in the Latvian Context
Authors: Pipere Anita , Grabovska Rudīte , Jonāne Lolita 
Published: June 2010

Inspiring Teachers for Energy Education: An Illustrative Case Study in the Latvian Context
Energy education has become a priority in light of the aims and tasks of the second half of UNESCO Decade of Education for Sustainable Development. This paper focuses on the case of inspiring teachers for energy education in the Latvian context, implemented within the COMENIUS project Inspire School Education by Non-formal Learning. The structure and content aspects of the in-service teacher training course are provided after the introduction to the theme. The methodological approach used in this study is integration of illustrative case study with the elements of programme implementation and programme effects case study. The data were collected by survey, focus group and questionnaire to obtain the teachers' feedback on the training course, its materials and to receive the teachers' self-evaluation on the implementation of the lesson units at their schools. It was concluded that the course had been very successful both from the point of view of the teachers and the course leaders. The described case study could serve as an example for those who would be interested in the design and implementation of similar courses in other contexts and circumstances.
Analysis of Present Conditions and Prospects of the Labour Market Development in Russia
Authors: Volynskyi Vladymir , Zaitzev Victor 
Published: June 2010

In this article, based on the statistical data analysis, we consider the labour market in the contemporary Russia in face of global economic crises.
In our opinion, two kinds of programs should be in Russia interest:

coordination of unemployment benefits with vocational training, retraining or additional education;
using the compelled holidays for additional education and retraining.

The target programs directed on strengthening employees’ positions with a high educational level on the labour market are extremely necessary in the Russian conditions. In order to decide on specific problems special departments should be created in the Ministry of Work and Social Development of the Russian Federation.
Intact NKG2D-Independent Function of NK Cells Chronically Stimulated with the NKG2D Ligand Rae-1
Authors: Champsaur Marine , Beilke Joshua N. , Ogasawara Kouetsu , Koszinowski Ulrich H. , Jonjic Stipan , Lanier Lewis L. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Human tumors frequently express membrane-bound or soluble NK group 2, member D (NKG2D) ligands. This results in chronic engagement of NKG2D on the surfaces of NK and CD8+ T cells and rapid internalization of the receptor. Although it is well appreciated that this phenomenon impairs NKG2D-dependent function, careful analysis of NKG2D-independent functions in cells chronically stimulated through NKG2D is lacking. Using a mouse model of chronic NKG2D ligand expression, we show that constant exposure to NKG2D ligands does not functionally impair NK cells and CD8+ T cells in the context of viral infection.