bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Lime and Manganese upon Growth and Mineral Composition of Pea cv. ‘Dark Skin Perfection’1
Authors: Eaton G. W. , John Matt K. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTwo greenhouse experiments on pea (Pisum sativum L.) nutrition were carried out in 1969. In the first, peas were grown in soil suspected to be deficient in Mn. and lime was added to determine whether it would prevent or aggravate any Mn deficiency symptoms. In the second experiment, peas were grown in nutrient solutions with Mn levels varying form 0 to 1.00 ppm. In both experiments, plant parts were harvested separately, dried, weighed, and analysed for mineral content. Statistical analyses were done on the results.In the first study, lime was found to increase the height, number of nodes, and dry weights of pea leaves and stems. It reduced leaf P and Mg and stem Zn, but increased Mn in the pods. In the solution culture study, 1.00 ppm Mn in solution increased the dry weight of stems, leaves, pods, total tops, and whole plants and increased the top/root and pod/stem‐and‐leaf ratios over the control. Increasing levels of Mn generally decreased pod and stem P, pod K, pod and stem Mg, root Cu, and leaf Na and significantly increased root Mg, pod Fe, pod Al, and Mn in all tissues.
Effect of Population Levels on Growth Factors in Kenaf Varieties1
Authors: White G. A. , Adamson W. C. , Higgins J. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe response of seven varieties of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.), a potential new paper‐pulp crop, to population levels of 99,000, 198,000, and 296,000 plants/ha was studied at Glenn Dale, Md., and Savannah, Ga. Populations affected plant height, stem diameter, and yield more than varieties. As the population level increased, plant height and basal stem diameter significantly decreased and percent dry matter at harvest increased. The cultivar ‘Cubano’ usually was significantly higher in percent dry matter at harvest than other varieties. The initial population of 99,000 plants/ha remained essentially unchanged at harvest, but reductions of about 9 and 20% occurred for initial populations of 198,000 and 296,000 plants/ha, respectively. The varieties ‘SH/15R’, Cubano, and ‘C‐2032’ sustained the most severe stand reduction. Stem yields generally increased as population increased. Yield means for populations at Savannah did not differ. At Glenn Dale, data showed a significant yield advantage in 1968 of 296,000 plants over lower population levels. In 1969, the mean yield of 12.5 mt/ha for populations of 198,000 and 296,000 plants significantly exceeded the 11.1 mt/ha yield for 99,000 plants. In general, varietal differences and variety‐population interactions for height, stem diameter, and yield showed minor significance. ‘Ev71’ and SH/15R were usually the highest yielding varieties. The highest disease incidence occurred on Cubano, ‘BG52‐75’ and SH/15R.
Changes in the Ratio Between Sugar Beet Evapotranspiration and Pan Evaporation During the Growing Season
Authors: Gornat B. , Goldberg D. , Sadan D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractEvapotranspiration by sugar beets and evaporation from a Class A pan were measured at 4‐ and 6‐day intervals during the period November‐May. Plant development and the progressive coverage of the ground by foliage were also followed. The ratio between evapotranspiration and evaporation, which might be used as an indicator of how much irrigation water to apply, changed during the course of the growing season. This change was found to be independent of plant development or ground cover, but was related to evaporative conditions, and even more so to the moisture content of the upper soil layer. The effect of these two factors on the change in the ratio was linear.
Factors Affecting the Development of Flue‐Cured Tobacco Grown in Artificial Environments. I. Effects of Light Duration and Temperature on Physical Properties of Fresh Leaves1
Authors: Raper C. D. , Johnson W. H. , Downs R. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. ‘Coker 319‘) plants were grown to maturity in the facilities of the North Carolina State University Phytotron (Southeastern Plant Environment Laboratory) to determine effects of temperature and light duration on the physical characteristics of fresh leaves. Leaf area, shape, and specific leaf weight (dry weight per unit leaf surface area) were determined at six stalk positions. The lower temperatures resulted in small, relatively wide leaves at the base of the plant and elongated leaves at the top. Higher temperatures tended to reverse the normal shape and size ordering sequence of leaves; at the highest temperature condition the largest, as well as the broadest, leaves were developed at the uppermost stalk positions. The specific leaf weight was increased by an increase in the duration of the high intensity light period and by decreases in temperature. The increased light duration also enhanced the relative width of leaves.
Stoloniferous behavior in Birdsfoot Trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.)1
Authors: Wassom C. E. , Barnett F. L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractStoloniferous behavior in birdsfoot trefoil, Lotus corniculatus L., under field conditions is reported. New growth was obtained only on old prostrate woody stems. There was no evidence of genetic control of the trait.
Computerized Information Retrieval for Soil and Crop Scientists1
Authors: Thiel T. J. , Dowdy R. H. , Larson W. E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractImproved methods of information retrieval and handling are urgently needed, especially by researchers and others who use published literature. Computerized information systems offer scientists great help in maintaining personal reference files. A number of computerized retrieval systems are available. However, this report is limited to experiences with one system, which has been successfully employed to: (1) create, maintain and use a bibliographic file for soil scientists; (2) prepare an author‐keyword index of about 600 soil and water references prepared by ARS staff; (3) answer general requests for information by writing search questions; and (4) list manuscripts by scientists, locations and journals. Computerized information retrieval systems are not difficult to establish or use; obtaining a data base is the most costly phase of the system. Any information retrieval system should be viewed as an adjunct to scientific literature study, not as the sole source of information.
Response of Corn to Small Amounts of Fertilizer Placed with the Seed: V. Seed Coating Compared with Banding1
Authors: Smid A. E. , Bates T. E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractResponse of corn (Zea mays L.) to a complete NPK fertilizer banded with the seed was compared with response to the same fertilizer coated on the seed before seeding in the greenhouse. Fertilizer was more efficient in its effect on P uptake and growth of seedlings when coated on the seed than when banded with the seed. It was more toxic, however, than banded fertilizer. Thus a greater growth response was obtained with banded fertilizer at rates which did not seriously delay or reduce emergence than could be obtained with the lower rates required for similar emergence when fertilizer was coated.In attempts to reduce the toxicity, a number of compounds were coated on the seed before the fertilizer was added. Sucrose and polyvinyl acetate reduced the toxicity of coated fertilizer appreciably, but probably not enough to make seed coating a practical method of fertilizing corn.
Effects of Ensiling on the Hydrocyanic Acid Potential of Sorghum Plants1
Authors: McCarty Glenn , Gray Elmer , Shipe Emerson R. , Brown Leonard D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractLevels of HCN‐p in plants of all sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) cultivars and stages decreased during ensiling. Small amounts of HCN gas were detected in the gases released during aerobic respiration, and in the gases flushed from the silo after the aerobic respiration period. The levels of HCN‐p of all the forage sorghum silages approached 0 ppm; whereas, the HCN‐p of the grain sorghum silage was 62 ppm.
Relationships between Forms of Soil Phosphorus, Some Indexes of Phosphorus Availability and Growth of Sudangrass in Greenhouse Trials1
Authors: Zubriski J. C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSudangrass (Sorghum sudanense) grown in two greenhouse trials was used to measure P status and response to added P of 29 soil horizons. Forage was harvested six times over a period of 295 days. Chemical methods of assessing soil P status were total P, Bray No. 1 soluble P, and Olsen sodium bicarbonate soluble P. Other methods for assessing P status were Fried and Dean “A” and Dean “a” values. The chemical forms of P determined were aluminum, iron, calcium, and organic phosphates. Yield of dry matter, dry matter response to added P, percentage yield, P content of forage, yield of P, response of yield of P to added P, and recovery of added P were used as plant growth parameters for linear correlation and regression with chemical methods of assessing soil P status, forms of soil P, and with “A” and “a” values. Olsen sodium bicarbonate soluble P, Bray No. 1 soluble P, “A’, and “a” values correlated significantly with aluminum, iron, organic and total phosphates. Aluminum phosphate explained 87, 86, 78, 76, and 81% of the variations in Olsen sodium bicarbonate soluble P, Bray No. 1 soluble P, “A” value, “a” value first harvest, and “a” value six harvests, respectively. Yield of dry matter, percentage yield, and yield of P correlated significantly with aluminum, iron, organic and total phosphates, Olsen sodium bicarbonate soluble P, Bray No. 1 soluble P, “A” value, and “a” values. Dry matter response to added P and P content of forage correlated significantly with the same methods of assessing soil P status, except these did not correlate with total P content. Response in yield of P to added P and percent recovery of added P did not correlate significantly with any of the methods of assessing soil P status nor with forms of soil P. The level of calcium phosphate was high in all soils but did not correlate with plant growth parameters and was indicative of little soil weathering.
Relation of Tillers to Yield of Dent Corn, (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Earley E. B. , Seif R. D. , Bensley F. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThree single cross (Zea mays L.) corn hybrids, ‘Hy2×Oh7,’ ‘R4xl06,’ and ‘K4xl06’ were used to study the influence of tiller removal and the presence of grain‐bearing and nongrain‐bearing tillers on yield of grain, grain protein, and wt/100 kernels of main plants with one, two, or three ears each.Plants3 of the three hybrids from which tillers were removed produced essentially the same yield of grain, grain protein and wt/100 kernels as compared to plants with no original tillers. Therefore, the tiller‐producing potential of plants of these hybrids was not associated with superior performance as compared to plants with no original tillers, except for yield of grain of K4 × 106.Plants of the three hybrids with grain‐bearing tillers produced essentially the same yield of grain, grain protein and wt/100 kernels as did plants with no original tillers. Consequently, grain‐bearing tillers did not translocate significant amounts of nutrients to ears on the main plants, with one exception, even under stress of two or three ears per plant.The stress of developing two or three ears/plant resulted in translocation of larger amounts of nutrients to cars on main plants from nongrain‐bearing tillers than from grain‐bearing tillers for the three hybrids, but the increases were significant only for Hy2 × Oh7 and R4 × 106.
Influence of Sulfur Sources and Magnesium on Forage Yields of Coastal Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.)1
Authors: Matocha J. E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractYield response to sources and rates of S at three levels of Mg was studied on a Troup loamy fine sand.Powdered gypsum, prilled elemental S and K‐Mag were each applied at 0, 50, and 200 kg S/ha. Forage yields were taken for two years following application of S and Mg. Yields in the first season were highest when 50 kg S/ha as gypsum was applied. The high rate of gypsum decreased yields in the first season but increased production in the second year. Prilled elemental S had no effect on yield the first year but gave significant response in the second year.Magnesium decreased yields in both years. Addition of gypsum reduced the adverse effects of Mg and resulted in a significant S × Mg interaction on yields in the second year. Elemental S partially corrected the imbalance in plots receiving Mg alone. Magnesium failed to accentuate the response to elemental S and total yields were substantially less than for Mg plus gypsum or K‐Mag.
Influence of Date of Harvest on the Yield of Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.)1
Authors: Whiteley Eli L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractKenaf is a promising new source of raw material for paper‐pulp. Studies were conducted to determine the earliest date at which economical yields would be obtained. Average dry matter yields in the range considered competitive with corn and soybeans were not obtained until late September and early October. Highest yields were obtained from late October harvests in all three years.Cuba and Guatemala varieties tended to produce higher yields in the early harvests. ‘Everglades 71’ produced the highest yield in 2 of the 3 years of the test. Differences in varietal response indicated that earlier varieties might be obtained through a breeding program.
Identification of Compounds Which Account for Variation in P Concentration in Corn Hybrids1
Authors: Phillips J. W. , Baker D. E. , Clagett C. O. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPhosphorus accumulation by corn (Zea mays L.) has been shown to be genetically controlled. Since the difference in accumulation of total P could have been due to metabolic differences resulting in the production of different amounts of one or several phosphorylated metabolites, a study of the chemical bases for the genetic differences between varieties of corn was performed. Extraction and analysis of dried, ground ear leaf samples indicated the presence of mostly inorganic P. Inorganic P was also found to be the major P component of extracts of fresh plants and leaves. Young plants and excised leaves of high accumulators were found to accumulate higher levels of P than low accumulators, but the difference was not as great as that reported for mature field‐grown plants. Differences were found between varieties in the content of several P‐containing components separated by ion exchange chromatography. The major component was orthophosphate. Orthophosphate was the only component which could account for the observed differences in P levels between varieties. This variation in the content of inorganic phosphate may be due to genetic differencs in th mechanism of absorption.
Growth os Subterranean Clover Established with a Cereal Companion Crop1
Authors: McGowan A. A. , Williams W. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe establishment of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) pasture sown with a cereal companion crop (barley, Hordeum vulgare) was studied on nine sites in the Sacramento Valley and adjacent foothills in California. Where grain yields were 2,000 kg/ha or less and soil moisture was adequate in April (last month of the rainy season), undersown clover produced 300 to 500 kg/ha of seed, over 100 seeds per plant, and yields of grain were not reduced by the undersowing. Thus, in areas better suited to grazing than to cereal farming, a cereal companion crop can increase the forage produced in the first year of sowing while still allowing good growth and seed production of subterranean clover.
Soil Heating Studies with Cool Season Turfgrasses. II. Effects of N Fertilization and Protective Covers on Performance and Chlorophyll Content1
Authors: Ledeboer F. B. , Skogley C. R. , McKiel C. G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA study was made during the winter of 1968–69 to determine the influence of protective covers and supplemental N on several grasses growing on electrically heated soil.Turfgrass responses measured were visual turf quality, clipping dry weights, chlorophyll content, and verdure characteristics. In early winter, increased soil temperature, cover density and N treatments enhanced turf quality and growth. In February, effects of main factors became reversed and caused turf deterioration. Dense cover (73% shade) was most beneficial early, most deleterious late in the season. During March, turf quality, density and growth decreases were a function of treatment intensities.Soil heating alone had little effect on turf quality and growth during most of the winter. In conjunction with protective covers and N fertilization, turf quality and growth were aided significantly during the early winter. With increased ambient air temperatures near spring, shading, produced by the covers, imposed severe limitation on the growing grasses, causing rapid foliar elongation and turf thinning. Nitrogen treatments enhanced these effects. Under practical management operations in the field, covers should be removed before sod deterioration occurs. Soil heating alone may be continued as long as desired without apparent damage to the turf.
Varietal Differences among Barley Seedlings Grown with Various Nutrient Solutions1
Authors: Jensen H. A. , Nittler L. W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSeedlings of 24 spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) varieties were grown in sand with continuous light and supplied with a complete nutrient solution or with a solution lacking nitrogen or phosphorus. Significant differences were found among varieties in necrosis of first leaf blades induced by a lack of phosphorus. Average necrotic area of first leaf blades of ‘Svaloef Pallas,’ ‘Svaloef Bonus,’ and ‘Svaloef Hellas’ was 70% or more. On the other hand, no more than 1% of the leaf blade areas of ‘Dickson,’ ‘Erie,’ and ‘Vaughn’ was necrotic.With all three nutrient solutions very obvious differences developed in color of lower leaf sheaths. These ranged from green to intense red. A few varieties contained a mixture of red and green plants but most were uniform for this characteristic.‘Carlsberg II’ seedlings grown without phosphorus developed purple color on about one‐third of the area of second leaf blades. Other varieties had little or no purple color.Varieties differed significantly in length of lower leaf sheaths when grown without nitrogen. Those of Calsberg II averaged three times as long as those of ‘Trebi.’
Evaluation of Water and Nitrogen Stress on Bromegrass Growth1
Authors: Powers J. F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPercent stress [reduction in growth rate of bromegrass (Bromus inermis L.) due to deficiency] was calculated by the method of Greenwood et al. to evaluate the effects of deficiencies of N, water, and N plus water combined. Dry matter yields of bromegrass receiving either (a) 270 kg/ha of N, (b) complete irrigation, (c) N plus irrigation, or (d) no treatment 3 weeks earlier were determined at periodic intervals in the field at low, medium, and relatively high levels of N availability. Percent stress due to N deficiency was greatest where N availability was lowest, generally increased as the grass approached maturity, but was insignificant as long as a relatively large pool of inorganic N remained in the soil. Percent stress due to water deficiency was affected by precipitation, and was generally greatest for plots low in available N, even though soil water content (to 120 cm depth) was greater in those plots. Generally, percent stress due to deficiencies of water and N combined was approximately equal to the sum of stresses for the two measured separately. The concept of percent stress appears to be useful for quantifying the effects of both N and water deficiencies, alone and in combination, on growth rates of grass. In connection with other measures of physiological condition or activity, this concept may have considerable utility in agronomic research.
Soil Water Potential and Water Content Profiles with Wheat under Low Spring and Summer Rainfall1
Authors: Papendick R. I. , Cochran V. L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSoil water potentials and water contents in the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) root zone of several soils were measured late in the growing season under Pacific Northwest, U. S. A. conditions of low spring and summer rainfall. All profiles exhibited low potentials in the surface 1 to 1.5 m of soil, followed by a region of steep potential gradient over a depth increment of 30 cm or more. below this region the energy values were relatively constant with depth. In the dry zone the soil water potential in some cases reached −40 bars at the 60‐ or 90‐cm depth, and in one case, −40 bars at the 150‐cm depth. With coarser‐textured soils the potential gradient across the moist to dry zone was steeper as compared with a finertextured soil. Depth of root penetration appeared to coincide with the base of the steep water‐potential gradient. Plant wilting was absent or not pronounced when potentials below the steep gradient zone were −2 bars or higher; permanent or severe wilting occurred when the potential was −10 to −8 bars. Soil water potencials in the surface 1.5 m of soil were 8 to 10 bars lower with 110 and 220 kg N/ha applications on wheat than with no N. In most cases the water content profiles of the root zone bore little resemblance to the corresponding potential profiles.These results indicate that in the field the lower limit of water extraction by wheat may reach −40 bars or lower. However, the mobility of water in the root zone or adjacent layers underlying the root zone of the field soil is probably more important to the concept of “water availability” for plants than the actual energy status per se.
Effect of Lithium on Growth, Salt Absorption, and Chemical Composition of Sugar Beet Plants1
Authors: Sims J. L. , Atkinson W. O. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNicotiana tabacum L. cv. ‘Burley 21’ was grown in the field at Lexington, Ky., to determine the influence of N nutrition and suckering practices on concentration and distribution of principal mineral elements in different plant parts. Generally, total plant contents of K, Ca, Mg, and Mn all increased as the N fertilizer rate was increased from 112 to 224 kg N/ha, but increasing the rate to 448 kg N/ha provided no further increases in uptake with exception of Mn. The Mn content was nearly doubled by increasing the rate of N from 224 to 448 kg/ha. As an average of all treatments, total uptake of P, K, Ca, Mg, and Mn was 12, 211, 152, 26, and 0.8 kg/ha, respectively.Practices to control suckers (axillary buds) and tops (seed heads), as well as the harvest date, influenced both total uptake and distribution of mineral elements among plant parts. Total uptake decreased with increasing degree of sucker control and was least for plants treated with maleic hydrazide. Data for harvest date indicated that considerable redistribution of elements occurred among plant parts between harvest dates. Elements generally considered to have the greatest mobility in plants, e.g., P, K, and to a lesser extent Mg, were present in relatively high amounts in tops and suckers and in relatively low amounts in leaves. The reverse was true for Ca and Mn.