bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Território no mundo A’uwe Xavante
Authors: Gomide Maria Lucia Cereda 
Published: March 2011

Este artigo tem objetivo de discutir a concepção de território e de territorialidade do povo A’uwe Xavante. O recorte geográfico desta pesquisa são as terras indígenas Xavante no leste do Mato Grosso, este povo, conta com população atual em torno de 14.000 pessoas, sendo distribuídas em nove Terras Indígenas (TI) Sangradouro, São Marcos, Areões, Pimentel Barbosa. Parabubure, Chão Preto, Ubawawe, Marechal Rondon, Marãiwatsede. Marca histórica desse povo são as migrações pelos cerrados do centro-oeste, onde buscaram viver sem o contato com a sociedade envolvente, no entanto, com a ocupação da região pelo Estado brasileiro, principalmente com a ‘marcha para o oeste’ na década de 1930, faz com que o território indígena seja invadido e cercado, gerando sérios conflitos, o que levou à demarcação das terras indígenas Xavante nos anos 1970.Entende-se que a reprodução física e cultural dos povos indígenas em seus territórios, em grande parte está condicionada à demarcação de territórios indígenas, que considere a territorialidade e o modo de vida indígena. No entanto não foi o caso do território Xavante. A demarcação do território indígena Xavante em diversas terras indígenas ilhadas e, portanto, separadas entre si, causou inúmeros conflitos socioambientais alterando seu modo de vida. Reconstruir o território indígena que foi erroneamente e intencionalmente fragmentado e demarcado em ilhas é um grande desafio político para o povo Xavante. O território indígena compreende as relações de apropriação do espaço que possui diversas dimensões como política, cultural, simbólica, e cosmológica de um determinado povo indígena. Por outro lado, Terra indígena é uma categoria produzida no processo político-jurídico do Estado. Assim, a partir do contato entre os povos indígenas e a sociedade envolvente, há um conflito, pois existem distintas lógicas espaciais em confronto.
Five Methods of Breast Volume Measurement: A Comparative Study of Measurements of Specimen Volume in 30 Mastectomy Cases
Authors: Kayar Ragip , Civelek Serdar , Cobanoglu Murat , Gungor Osman , Catal Hidayet , Emiroglu Mustafa 
Published: March 2011

Background To compare breast volume measurement techniques in terms of accuracy, convenience, and cost. Methods Breast volumes of 30 patients who were scheduled to undergo total mastectomy surgery were measured preoperatively by using five different methods (mammography, anatomic [anthropometric], thermoplastic casting, the Archimedes procedure, and the Grossman-Roudner device). Specimen volume after total mastectomy was measured in each patient with the water displacement method (Archimedes). The results were compared statistically with the values obtained by the five different methods. Results The mean mastectomy specimen volume was 623.5 (range 150–1490) mL. The breast volume values were established to be 615.7 mL (r = 0.997) with the mammographic method, 645.4 mL (r = 0.975) with the anthropometric method, 565.8 mL (r = 0.934) with the Grossman-Roudner device, 583.2 mL (r = 0.989) with the Archimedes procedure, and 544.7 mL (r = 0.94) with the casting technique. Examination of r values revealed that the most accurate method was mammography for all volume ranges, followed by the Archimedes method. Conclusion The present study demonstrated that the most accurate method of breast volume measurement is mammography, followed by the Archimedes method. However, when patient comfort, ease of application, and cost were taken into consideration, the Grossman-Roudner device and anatomic measurement were relatively less expensive, and easier methods with an acceptable degree of accuracy.
Yolk‐like Micro/Nanoparticles with Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Cores and Hierarchical Nickel Silicate Shells
Authors: Fang Qunling , Xuan Shouhu , Jiang Wanquan , Gong Xinglong 
Published: March 2011

AbstractYolk‐like nano/microparticles with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) cores and hierarchical nickel silicate (NS) shells, designated yolk SPIO@NS, are fabricated by combining the versatile sol–gel process and the hydrothermal reaction, involving the coating of SPIO particles with SiO2 and transformation of the SiO2 shells into NS hollow spheres with hierarchical nanostructures. Various yolk/shell nanostructures with tunable NS shell thicknesses and SPIO core sizes are successfully prepared by controlling the experimental para­meters. Au nanoparticles can be impregnated into the yolk‐like microspheres in situ to form SPIO@NS/Au composite particles and the as‐prepared magnetic nanocatalysts show good catalytic activity, using the catalytic reduction of RhB as a model reaction. This facile method can be extended to the synthesis of other encapsulated particles with yolk‐like nanostructure.
Low‐Power and High‐Contrast Nanoscale All‐Optical Diodes Via Nanocomposite Photonic Crystal Microcavities
Authors: Hu Xiaoyong , Li Zhiqiang , Zhang Jiaxiang , Yang Hong , Gong Qihuang , Zhang Xinping 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA novel nanoscale integrated all‐optical diode is reported, realized by combining the strong plasmonic responses of gold nanoparticles with the all‐optical tunable properties of polymeric photonic crystal microcavities. Non‐reciprocal transmission properties are achieved based on the effect of surface‐plasmon resonance enhancing the optical non‐linearity and dynamic coupling of asymmetrical microcavity modes. An ultralow‐threshold photon intensity of 2.1 MW cm−2 and an ultrahigh transmission contrast over 104 are realized simultaneously. Compared with previously reported all‐optical diodes, the operating power is reduced by five orders of magnitude, while the transmission contrast is enlarged by three orders of magnitude.
Physical activity patterns in French youth—From childhood to adolescence—Monitored with high‐frequency accelerometry
Authors: Blaes AuréLie , Baquet Georges , Van Praagh Emmanuel , Berthoin Serge 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjectives:To investigate changes in time spent in light (LPA), moderate (MPA), vigorous (VPA), very high physical activity (VHPA) from childhood to adolescence, according to age and sex, when measured with high frequency accelerometry.Methods:Three hundred and sixty‐one children, 94 preschoolers (Ps), 156 from primary schools (PS) and 111 from junior high schools (JHS)) were involved in this study. The children's physical activity was assessed with a uniaxial accelerometer over a seven‐day period. The epoch duration was set at 5 s and data collected between 7 am and 9 pm. The times spent below and above different PA thresholds, corresponding from LPA (<3 METs) to VHPA (>9 METs), were calculated.Results:During the week, the boys spent significantly more time in MPA to VHPA than the girls (p < 0.001). From Ps to PS, LPA remained stable, while VPA and VHPA decreased significantly (p < 0.05). From PS to JHS, time spent in LPA, VPA, and VHPA increased significantly (p < 0.05). On the contrary, MPA increased significantly (p < 0.05) between Ps and PS and decreased significantly (p < 0.05) from PS to JHS. From PS to JHS, time spent in LPA increased significantly more during free days than during school days (p < 0.05) while VPA and VHPA increased significantly (p < 0.05) more during school days than during free days.Conclusions:Moderate to very high PA decreased from childhood to adolescence. Changes in PA patterns were associated with an increase of LPA and a concomitant decrease of MPA, while changes were more pronounced during free days than during school days. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Right hand digit ratio (2D:4D) is associated with oral cancer
Authors: NicolÁs Hopp Renato , Jorge Jacks 
Published: March 2011

AbstractFinger length ratio has been proposed as a putative marker for prenatal hormone exposure, as well as the action of HOX, AR, and a variant of the LIN28b genes. These genes have been recently connected to carcinogenesis and digit ratio could help to identify patients with this predisposition.Objectives:The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible correlations between digit ratio, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)—the most common oral cancer—and oral premalignant lesions (OPLs) in tobacco‐consuming males, the main risk group for this disease.Methods:Digital images of the right hands of patients diagnosed with OSCC (n = 25), OPLs (n = 25), and age‐matched controls (n = 25) were obtained. Fingers were measured using Adobe Photoshop® and the mean ratios between the 2nd and 4th digits were compared. Data were analyzed by ANOVA (α = 0.05).Results:Risk factors (alcohol and tobacco consumption, familial history) were similar between the three study groups. Males in the OSCC group presented significantly higher digit ratio (P = 0.03) in comparison with males with OPLs and individuals without oral lesions.Conclusions:According to the results, males with the higher digit ratio seem to be more prone to undergo malignization of lesions in the oral cavity. Similar deleterious habits for the three groups allows us to infer that digit ratio could add to the research of etiological factors and be a putative marker for the screening of patients' susceptibility to develop oral squamous cell carcinoma. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
White matter changes in basis pontis in small expansion FMR1 allele carriers with parkinsonism
Authors: Loesch D.Z. , Kotschet K. , Trost N. , Greco C.M. , Kinsella G. , Slater H.R. , Venn A. , Horne M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractExamples of white matter hyperintensities (wmh) on magnetic resonance images in a basis pontis are presented in two male carriers, each of whom carry a small CGG expansion fragile X mental retardation (FMR1) allele. One carried a premutation (PM) allele of 85 CGG repeats and the other, a gray zone (GZ) allele of 47 repeats. Both were originally diagnosed with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (iPD). Similar changes are also shown in one PM carrier of 99 repeats affected with mild tremor and imbalance, who was ascertained through a fragile X syndrome family. These examples draw attention to the occurrence of wmh in a basis pontis in the carriers of small CGG expansions presenting with tremor and ataxia. Moreover, the presence of this change in GZ, as well as PM, allele carriers originally diagnosed with iPD supports our earlier suggestion that both these alleles may contribute to the neurodegenerative changes in this disorder which, in the examples presented, have been reflected by wmh, most prominent in the cerebellar peduncles and/or pontine area. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Direct adaptive fuzzy control with membership function tuning
Authors: Moradi Morteza , Kazemi Mohammad Hosein , Ershadi Elnaz 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn this paper, a direct self‐structured adaptive fuzzy control is introduced for the class of nonlinear systems with unknown dynamic models. Control is accomplished by an adaptive fuzzy system with a fixed number of rules and adaptive membership functions. The reference signal and state errors are used to tune the membership functions and update them instantaneously. The Lyapunov synthesis method is also used to guarantee the stability of the closed loop system. The proposed control scheme is applied to an inverted pendulum and a magnetic levitation system, and its effectiveness is shown via simulation.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Fluorescence‐PCR assays and isolation of luminescent bacterial clones using an automated plate reader
Authors: Crowley Thomas E. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe genes responsible for luminescence in various species of the marine microorganism Photobacterium, have been used for many years as a tool by researchers and instructors. In particular, the lux operon of Photobacterium fischeri has been used by many instructors to teach recombinant DNA techniques. Two methods using an automated plate reader and multiwell plates were applied to a set of previously‐published exercises. In these exercises that involve transfer of lux genes to Escherichia coli to create a luminescent phenotype, this technology was used to screen for Lux+ colonies. It was found to be more convenient and more sensitive than the previously used method; that is, assaying bacterial plates by direct observation. Eight students synthesized four genomic libraries and isolated six Lux+ clones. The fluorescent‐detection feature of the plate reader was used to verify amplification of target sequence in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) reactions. Lux+ E. coli colony lysates were examined. An exonuclease‐activated, fluorescent DNA probe generated a signal on hybridization to an amplified portion of the luxA gene in each lysate tested. This method is suggested as a means of demonstrating the concept of real‐time PCR without the expense of the specialized device typically used for this technique. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education Vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 126–132, 2011
Analysis of a SNP linked to lactase persistence: An exercise for teaching molecular biology techniques to undergraduates
Authors: Schultheis Patrick J. , Bowling Bethany V. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractRecent experimental evidence indicates that the ability of adults to tolerate milk, cheese, and other lactose‐containing dairy products is an autosomal dominant trait that co‐evolved with dairy farming in Central Europe about 7,500 years ago. Among persons of European descent, this trait is strongly associated with a C to T substitution at a polymorphic site 13,910 bp upstream of the lactase gene. This mutation results in the persistent expression of lactase into adulthood enabling individuals carrying a T−13,910 allele to digest lactose as adults. In this report, we describe a laboratory exercise for an undergraduate molecular biology course in which students determine their own genotype at the −13,910 polymorphic site and correlate this with their ability to tolerate dairy products. The exercise is used as a tool to teach basic molecular biology procedures such as agarose gel electrophoresis, PCR1, and DNA sequencing. Students are actively engaged in the learning process, not only by analyzing their own DNA but also by applying their knowledge and skills to answer an authentic question. The exercise is also integrated with lecture material on the control of gene expression at the transcriptional level, in particular, how transcription factors can influence the activity of a promoter by binding to cis‐acting DNA regulatory elements located within the proximal promoter of a gene or distant enhancer regions. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education Vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 133–140, 2011
Purification and analysis of colorful hypothetical open reading frames: An inexpensive gateway laboratory
Authors: DeSantis Kara A. , Reinking Jeffrey L. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis laboratory exercise is an inquiry‐based investigation developed around the core experiment where students, working alone or in groups, each purify and analyze their own prescreened colored proteins using immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC). Here, we present reagents and protocols that allow 12 different proteins to be purified in parallel without specialized equipment and within a 2.5‐ to 3‐hour undergraduate teaching laboratory. The visual feedback of purifying a colored biomolecule provides real‐time emphasis of the power and simplicity of recombinant DNA technology and IMAC. As presented here in its simplest form, this laboratory occupies two laboratory periods: purification followed by SDS‐PAGE analysis. As such, it can be easily inserted into the existing curriculum of a Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Biotechnology, or even Genetics course to illustrate core concepts of central dogma and protein purification. Furthermore, the proteins in hand at the end of this 2‐week module can also be used for follow‐up experiments tailored to the needs, timeframe, and facilities available. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education Vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 141–144, 2011
An approach to teaching general chemistry II that highlights the interdisciplinary nature of science
Authors: Sumter Takita Felder , Owens Patrick M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe need for a revised curriculum within the life sciences has been well‐established. One strategy to improve student preparation in the life sciences is to redesign introductory courses like biology, chemistry, and physics so that they better reflect their disciplinary interdependence. We describe a medically relevant, context‐based approach to teaching second semester general chemistry that demonstrates the interdisciplinary nature of biology and chemistry. Our innovative method provides a model in which disciplinary barriers are diminished early in the undergraduate science curriculum. The course is divided into three principle educational modules: 1) Fundamentals of General Chemistry, 2) Medical Approaches to Inflammation, and 3) Neuroscience as a connector of chemistry, biology, and psychology. We accurately anticipated that this modified approach to teaching general chemistry would enhance student interest in chemistry and bridge the perceived gaps between biology and chemistry. The course serves as a template for context‐based, interdisciplinary teaching that lays the foundation needed to train 21st century scientists. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education Vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 110–116, 2011
Case study: Using microbe molecular biology for Gulf oil spill clean up
Authors: Jones Daniel R. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis case has the student actively investigate the regulation of expression of a novel bacterial gene in the context of attempts to solve a real world problem, clean up of the April 2010 Deep Water Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. Although the case is fictitious, it is based on factual gene regulatory characteristics of oil‐degrading microbes. The case is written for a sophomore Cell Biology lecture course at Indiana Wesleyan University that is taught to Biology/Pre‐Med majors. This study is also appropriate for use in undergraduate microbiology, biochemistry, molecular biology, and molecular genetics courses. The case is intended to enhance coverage of transcription, translation, control of gene expression, and selected molecular biology techniques. Opportunities to practice critical thinking skills and to a lesser extent an introduction to the paradigm of life science research at the industry level are provided. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education Vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 157–164, 2011
Hypothetical biotechnology companies: A role‐playing student centered activity for undergraduate science students
Authors: Chuck Jo‐Anne 
Published: March 2011

AbstractScience students leaving undergraduate programs are entering the biotechnology industry where they are presented with issues which require integration of science content. Students find this difficult as through‐out their studies, most content is limited to a single subdiscipline (e.g., biochemistry, immunology). In addition, students need knowledge of the ethical, economic, and legal frame work in which the industry operates. This article presents an approach to deliver these outcomes in a collaborative and active learning modality which promotes deep learning. In the model, groups of final year undergraduate students form hypothetical biotechnology companies and identify real issues of interest to industry, make integrative team decisions, use professional level technology, and develop appropriate communication skills. The final successful teaching paradigm was based on self reflection, observation, and student feedback to ensure appropriate attainment of content, group work skills and increased confidence in professional decision‐making. It is these outcomes which will facilitate life long learning skills, a major outcome applicable for all tertiary education. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education Vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 173–179, 2011
Analysis of chromatin organisation
Authors: Szeberényi József 
Published: March 2011

AbstractTerms to be familiar with before you start to solve the test: chromatin, nucleases, sucrose density gradient centrifugation, melting point, gel electrophoresis, ethidium bromide, autoradiography, Southern blotting, Northern blotting, Sanger sequencing, restriction endonucleases, exonucleases, linker DNA, chloroform extraction, nucleosomes, nucleosomal histones, histone H1, nonhistone proteins, laminin, lamin, solenoid, DNA methylation, CpG islands, histone acetylation, centromere, histone octamers, “beads‐on‐a‐string”, euchromatin, heterochromatin. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education Vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 165–167, 2011
Vision and change in biology undergraduate education: Vision and change from the funding front
Authors: Holm Bethany , Carter Virginia Celeste , Woodin Terry 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this short article is to (a) briefly summarize the findings of two important recent resources concerning the future of biology in the 21st century; one, Vision and Change, A Call to Action [AAAS, 2009. AAAS, Washington, DC], concerned with undergraduate education in biology, the other, A New Biology for the 21st Century [National Research Council, 2009. National Academies Press, Washington, DC], concerned with advances within the discipline itself; (b) urge you, the reader of BAMBED, to review the material on the Vision and Change website [AAAS, 2009. AAAS: Washington, DC] and then to think how you might change things at your own institution and within your courses, and; (c) make readers aware of the programs at the National Science Foundation (NSF) that might support change efforts, as well as refer you to efforts other funding agencies are making to help biology undergraduate education respond to the challenges and opportunities chronicled in these two reports. Although NSF funding opportunities are specifically available to US investigators, the recommendations of the two reports should be of interest to a wide spectrum of international researchers. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education Vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 87–90, 2011
Integration of computational fluid dynamics into a fluid mechanics curriculum
Authors: Adair D. , Jaeger M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe development, implementation and evaluation of a suitable curriculum for students to use computational fluid dynamics as part of a fluid mechanics course at intermediate undergraduate level are described. Evaluation of successful learning outcomes is made to confirm the effectiveness of the interface as a suitable educational tool for students at intermediate undergraduate level. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 22: 131–141, 2014