bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
T-cell receptor signals direct the composition and function of the memory CD8+ T-cell pool
Authors: Smith-Garvin Jennifer E. , Burns Jeremy C. , Gohil Mercy , Zou Tao , Kim Jiyeon S. , Maltzman Jonathan S. , Wherry E. John , Koretzky Gary A. , Jordan Martha S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSH2 domain-containing leukocyte phosphoprotein of 76 kDa (SLP-76) nucleates a signaling complex critical for T-cell receptor (TCR) signal propagation. Mutations in the tyrosines of SLP-76 result in graded defects in TCR-induced signals depending on the tyrosine(s) affected. Here we use 2 strains of genomic knock-in mice expressing tyrosine to phenylalanine mutations to examine the role of TCR signals in the differentiation of effector and memory CD8+ T cells in response to infection in vivo. Our data support a model in which altered TCR signals can determine the rate of memory versus effector cell differentiation independent of initial T-cell expansion. Furthermore, we show that TCR signals sufficient to promote CD8+ T-cell differentiation are different from those required to elicit inflammatory cytokine production.
Knockdown and overexpression of Unc-45b result in defective myofibril organization in skeletal muscles of zebrafish embryos
Authors: Bernick Elena P , Zhang Pei-Jun , Du Shaojun 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

Background
Unc-45 is a myosin chaperone and a Hsp90 co-chaperone that plays a key role in muscle development. Genetic and biochemical studies in C. elegans have demonstrated that Unc-45 facilitates the process of myosin folding and assembly in body wall muscles. Loss or overexpression of Unc-45 in C. elegans results in defective myofibril organization. In the zebrafish Danio rerio, unc-45b, a homolog of C. elegans unc-45, is expressed in both skeletal and cardiac muscles. Earlier studies indicate that mutation or knockdown of unc-45b expression in zebrafish results in a phenotype characterized by a loss of both thick and thin filament organization in skeletal and cardiac muscle. The effects of unc-45b knockdown on other sarcomeric structures and the phenotype of Unc-45b overexpression, however, are poorly understood in vertebrates.

Results
Both knockdown and overexpression provide useful tools to study gene function during animal development. Using such methods, we characterized the role of Unc-45b in myofibril assembly of skeletal muscle in Danio rerio. We showed that, in addition to thick and thin filament defects, knockdown of unc-45b expression disrupted sarcomere organization in M-lines and Z-lines of skeletal muscles in zebrafish embryos. Western blotting analysis showed that myosin protein levels were significantly decreased in unc-45b knockdown embryos. Similarly, embryos overexpressing Unc-45b also exhibited severely disorganized myosin thick filaments. Disruption of thick filament organization by Unc-45b overexpression depends on the C-terminal UCS domain in Unc-45b required for interaction with myosin. Deletion of the C-terminal UCS domain abolished the disruptive activity of Unc-45b in myosin thick filament organization. In contrast, deletion of the N-terminal TPR domain required for binding with Hsp90α had no effect.

Conclusion
Collectively, these studies indicate that the expression levels of Unc-45b must be precisely regulated to ensure normal myofibril organization. Loss or overexpression of Unc-45b leads to defective myofibril organization.
Duodenal carcinoma at the ligament of Treitz. A molecular and clinical perspective
Authors: Kalogerinis Peter T , Poulos John E , Morfesis Andrew , Daniels Anthony , Georgakila Stavroula , Daignualt Thomas , Georgakilas Alexandros G 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackgroundThere is very small occurrence of adenocarcinoma in the small bowel. We present a case of primary duodenal adenocarcinoma and discuss the findings of the case diagnostic modalities, current knowledge on the molecular biology behind small bowel neoplasms and treatment options.CaseThe patient had a history of iron deficiency anemia and occult bleeding with extensive workup consisting of upper endoscopy, colonoscopy, capsule endoscopy, upper gastrointestinal series with small bowel follow through and push enteroscopy. Due to persistent abdominal pain and iron deficiency anemia the patient underwent push enteroscopy which revealed adenocarcinoma of the duodenum. The patient underwent en-bloc duodenectomy which revealed T3N1M0 adenocarcinoma of the 4th portion of the duodenum.ConclusionsPrimary duodenal carcinoma, although rare should be considered in the differential diagnosis of occult gastrointestinal bleeding when evaluation of the lower and upper GI tract is unremarkable. We discuss the current evaluation and management of this small bowel neoplasm.
A method for encoding clinical datasets with SNOMED CT
Authors: Lee Dennis H , Lau Francis Y , Quan Hue 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

Background
Over the past decade there has been a growing body of literature on how the Systematised Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT) can be implemented and used in different clinical settings. Yet, for those charged with incorporating SNOMED CT into their organisation's clinical applications and vocabulary systems, there are few detailed encoding instructions and examples available to show how this can be done and the issues involved. This paper describes a heuristic method that can be used to encode clinical terms in SNOMED CT and an illustration of how it was applied to encode an existing palliative care dataset.

Methods
The encoding process involves: identifying input data items; cleaning the data items; encoding the cleaned data items; and exporting the encoded terms as output term sets. Four outputs are produced: the SNOMED CT reference set; interface terminology set; SNOMED CT extension set and unencodeable term set.

Results
The original palliative care database contained 211 data elements, 145 coded values and 37,248 free text values. We were able to encode ~84% of the terms, another ~8% require further encoding and verification while terms that had a frequency of fewer than five were not encoded (~7%).

Conclusions
From the pilot, it would seem our SNOMED CT encoding method has the potential to become a general purpose terminology encoding approach that can be used in different clinical systems.
Vectors and malaria transmission in deforested, rural communities in north-central Vietnam
Authors: Do Manh Cuong , Beebe Nigel W , Thi Van Van Nguyen , Le Quang Tao , Lein Chau Tran , Van Nguyen Dung , Xuan Thanh Nguyen , Le Ngoc Anh , Cooper Robert D 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

Background
Malaria is still prevalent in rural communities of central Vietnam even though, due to deforestation, the primary vector Anopheles dirus is uncommon. In these situations little is known about the secondary vectors which are responsible for maintaining transmission. Basic information on the identification of the species in these rural communities is required so that transmission parameters, such as ecology, behaviour and vectorial status can be assigned to the appropriate species.

Methods
In two rural villages - Khe Ngang and Hang Chuon - in Truong Xuan Commune, Quang Binh Province, north central Vietnam, a series of longitudinal entomological surveys were conducted during the wet and dry seasons from 2003 - 2007. In these surveys anopheline mosquitoes were collected in human landing catches, paired human and animal bait collections, and from larval surveys. Specimens belonging to species complexes were identified by PCR and sequence analysis, incrimination of vectors was by detection of circumsporozoite protein using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results
Over 80% of the anopheline fauna was made up of Anopheles sinensis, Anopheles aconitus, Anopheles harrisoni, Anopheles maculatus, Anopheles sawadwongporni, and Anopheles philippinensis. PCR and sequence analysis resolved identification issues in the Funestus Group, Maculatus Group, Hyrcanus Group and Dirus Complex. Most species were zoophilic and while all species could be collected biting humans significantly higher densities were attracted to cattle and buffalo. Anopheles dirus was the most anthropophilic species but was uncommon making up only 1.24% of all anophelines collected. Anopheles sinensis, An. aconitus, An. harrisoni, An. maculatus, An. sawadwongporni, Anopheles peditaeniatus and An. philippinensis were all found positive for circumsporozoite protein. Heterogeneity in oviposition site preference between species enabled vector densities to be high in both the wet and dry seasons allowing for year round transmission.

Conclusions
In rural communities in north central Vietnam, malaria transmission was maintained by a number of anopheline species which though collected feeding on humans were predominantly zoophilic, this behaviour allows for low level but persistent malaria transmission. The important animal baits - cattle and buffalo - were kept in the village and barrier spraying around these animals may be more effective at reducing vector densities and longevity than the currently used indoor residual spraying.
Production, purification and characterization of polyclonal antibody against the truncated gK of the duck enteritis virus
Authors: Zhang Shunchuan , Xiang Jun , Cheng Anchun , Wang Mingshu , Li Xin , Li Lijuan , Chen Xiwen , Zhu Dekang , Luo Qihui , Chen Xiaoyue 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Duck virus enteritis (DVE) is an acute, contagious herpesvirus infection of ducks, geese, and swans, which has produced significant economic losses in domestic and wild waterfowl. With the purpose of decreasing economic losses in the commercial duck industry, studying the unknown glycoprotein K (gK) of DEV may be a new method for preferably preventing and curing this disease. So this is the first time to product and purify the rabbit anti-tgK polyclonal antibody. Through the western blot and ELISA assay, the truncated glycoprotein K (tgK) has good antigenicity, also the antibody possesses high specificity and affinity. Meanwhile the rabbit anti-tgK polyclonal antibody has the potential to produce subunit vaccines and the functions of neutralizing DEV and anti-DEV infection because of its neutralization titer. Indirect immunofluorescent microscopy using the purified rabbit anti-tgK polyclonal antibody as diagnostic antibody was susceptive to detect a small quantity of antigen in tissues or cells. This approach also provides effective experimental technology for epidemiological investigation and retrospective diagnose of the preservative paraffin blocks.
A 64-week, multicenter, open-label study of aripiprazole effectiveness in the management of patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder in a general psychiatric outpatient setting
Authors: Hsieh Ming-Hong , Lin Wei-Wen , Chen Shao-Tsu , Chen Kao-Ching , Chen Kuang-Peng , Chiu Nan-Ying , Huang Chao , Chang Ching-Jui , Lin Cheng-Hsiu , Lai Te-Jen 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the overall long-term effectiveness of aripiprazole in patients with schizophrenia in a general psychiatric practice setting in Taiwan.

Methods
This was a prospective, open-label, multicenter, post-market surveillance study in Taiwanese patients with a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder requiring a switch in antipsychotic medication because current medication was not well tolerated and/or clinical symptoms were not well controlled. Eligible patients were titrated to aripiprazole (5-30 mg/day) over a 12-week switching phase, during which their previous medication was discontinued. Patients could then enter a 52-week, long-term treatment phase. Aripiprazole was flexibly dosed (5-30 mg/day) at the discretion of the treating physicians. Efficacy was assessed using the Clinical Global Impression scale Improvement (CGI-I) score, the Clinical Global Impression scale Severity (CGI-S) score, The Brief Psychiatry Rating Scale (BPRS), and the Quality of Life (QOL) scale, as well as Preference of Medicine (POM) ratings by patients and caregivers. Safety and tolerability were also assessed.

Results
A total of 245 patients were enrolled and switched from their prior antipsychotic medications, and 153 patients entered the 52-week extension phase. In all, 79 patients (32.2%) completed the study. At week 64, the mean CGI-I score was 3.10 and 64.6% of patients who showed response. Compared to baseline, scores of CGI-S, QOL, and BPRS after 64 weeks of treatment also showed significant improvements. At week 12, 65.4% of subjects and 58.9% of caregivers rated aripiprazole as better than the prestudy medication on the POM. The most frequently reported adverse events (AEs) were headache, auditory hallucinations and insomnia. A total of 13 patients (5.3%) discontinued treatment due to AEs. No statistically significant changes were noted with respect to fasting plasma glucose, lipid profile, body weight, and body mass index after long-term treatment with aripiprazole.

Conclusions
Although the discontinuation rate was high, aripiprazole was found to be effective, safe and well tolerated in the long-term treatment of Taiwanese patients with schizophrenia who continued to receive treatment for 64 weeks.
Analysis and characterization of the genes encoding the Dicer and Argonaute proteins of Schistosoma japonicum
Authors: Luo Rong , Xue Xiangyang , Wang Zhangxun , Sun Jun , Zou Ying , Pan Weiqing 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

Background
The Dicer and Argonaute(AGO) proteins within the small RNA regulatory pathways (SRRPs) play an indispensable role in regulation of gene expression. In this study, we analyzed two genes, Dicer and Argonaute, from Schistosoma japonicum, along with their expression through a combination of bioinformatics and experimental approaches.

Results
Our results indicate that one Dicer and four Argonaute genes exist in Schistosoma japonicum, termed SjDicer and SjAGO1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. SjDicer encodes 2590 amino acid residues that contains 5 conserved domains, including one amino-terminal helicase domain, one PAZ (Piwi-Argonaut-Zwille) domain, two RNAse III domains, and one dsRNA-binding domain. SjAGO1, 2, and 3 encode 1009, 945, and 904 amino acid residues, respectively, all of which contain PAZ and PIWI domains. In addition, we analyzed the expression profiles of SjDicer and SjAGO1 genes by qRT-PCR in eggs, miracidium, cercariae, schistosomula, and adult worms. Results showed consistent expression of both SjDicer and SjAGO1 in different stages; however, their expression levels were stage-dependent, with the highest being in the miracidium stage.

Conclusions
This study provided the sequence of the Dicer and Ago genes of S. japonicum and their expression profiles which are essential for further investigation of functions of miRNA in Schistosoma japonicum.
A study of association between expression of hOGG1, VDAC1, HK-2 and cervical carcinoma
Authors: Guo-Qing Peng , Yuan Yang , Cai-Gao Zhong , Hongling Yin , Gonghua Hu , Yan Tian 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

Background
Human 8-oguanine glycosylase 1(hOGG1), voltage-dependent anion channel 1(VDAC1), hexokinase 2(HK-2), represented the process of oxidative DNA damage, cell apoptosis and glycolysis, respectively. This study aims to explore the association between expression of hOGG1, VDAC1, HK-2 and cervical carcinoma.

Methods
A case-control study was conducted. 65 cervical biopsy samples consist of 20 control and 45 cases. The expression of hOGG1, VDAC1 and HK-2 were examined with immunohistochemistry(IHC), immunolabeling was evaluated with stereological cell counts.

Results
The data showed that the positive proportion of hOGG1 and HK-2 in the case group was higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Further, there was an increasing trend for the positive proportion and expression degree of hOGG1 and HK-2 from Control, Mild cervical carcinoma (MCC), Intermediate cervical carcinoma(ICC) to Severe cervical carcinoma(SCC) in order (P < 0.05). To VDAC1, the significant result was not obtained.

Conclusions
The results suggested that there was a close association between expression of hOGG1, HK-2 and cervical cancer. hOGG1 and HK-2 might play a key role at the early stage of cervical cancer, and the findings of hOGG1 and HK-2 should be considered as a significant biomarker at the early stage of cervical cancer.
INTRODUCTION
Authors: Hochberg Gil Z. 
Published: September 2010

The introduction to this special issue of GLQ analyzes the intricate and most complex dynamics defining the relationship between what can be called “queer politics” and “the question of Palestine/Israel.” It sets the parameters for the theoretical questions raised by the following essays, reviews, and interviews, and offers a broad sociopolitical and cultural context that frames the discussion and grounds it historically.
Discussions of “queerness” (and sexual politics more extensively) are essential for our understandings of national movements, colonial oppression, new technologies of state surveillance, and new modes of racial/ethnic/religious segregation. This is true as a general rule, and it is certainly the case for the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and the complex set of ideologies and technologies that help sustain and regulate the separation between Jews and Arabs/Palestinians, occupiers and occupied. The discourses about gay rights and sexual tolerance, on the one hand, and the strict state regulation of sexual behaviors, identifications, and bonds, on the other, both come to crisscross and complicate the more common and openly discussed concerns associated with the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, such as national security, militarism, border control, colonial oppression, terrorism, secularism, religious conviction, and ethnonational self-determination. Indeed, as clearly demonstrated by the following essays, sexual politics and most specifically issues concerning queerness, which might initially seem marginal in this context, do in fact play a central role in both facilitating and transgressing the current hostile and oppressive relationship between Israelis and Palestinians.
Human Tissue Ownership and Use in Research: What Laboratorians and Researchers Should Know
Authors: Allen Monica J , Powers Michelle LE , Gronowski K Scott , Gronowski Ann M 
Published: September 2010

BACKGROUND
The use of human blood and tissue is critical to biomedical research. A number of treaties, laws, and regulations help to guide the ethical collection of these specimens. However, there are no clearly defined regulations regarding the ownership of human tissue specimens and who can control their fate.

CONTENT
This review discusses the existing regulations governing human studies and the necessary components of patient consent. Legal cases that have addressed the issue of ownership of human tissue are reviewed, including recent settlements that have led to the destruction of millions of specimens of patient tissue. The unique regulations that guide the use of tissues collected postmortem are also examined. Potential changes in the future of biomedical research that uses human tissue, including genetic material, are also discussed.

SUMMARY
The use of human tissue is directed by numerous laws and regulations. Awareness of these rules and of how and when to obtain meaningful informed consent from patients is essential for laboratorians and researchers, who should also be familiar with situations that have led to lawsuits and in some cases the destruction of valuable human tissue specimens.
The adaptive capacity of rural crafts in the face of global challenges
Authors: Contreras Juan Carlos Pacheco 
Published: September 2010

This article is concerned with the adaptive capacity of craft based on research conducted as part of the Ph.D. The perseverance of Craft in a Local Rural Context. The objective of this PhD research is to explore the ways in which rural craft systems constantly transform their reality.
This
research sets out from the idea that craft is a transformative activity that produces goods through traditional technical knowledge and the use of simple tools, and where a collective meaning is expressed in the product. The proposition is that craft stands out as a socio-ecological system,
which relates a productive activity (and the necessary natural resources) with the material and immaterial legacy of a rural community. From this perspective, craft can be understood as a social system with mechanisms of a particular perseverance that can face the challenges of global dynamics.
In
the article, we review different concepts concerning the adaptive capacity of social systems. Based on the model suggested by Anderies et al. (2004), we analyse the configuration of the socio-ecological artisan system in a rural context and its social structure. Finally, we reflect on the
elements that constitute the adaptive capacity of craft in order to elicit the economic and cultural mechanisms of perseverance of craft in rural contexts. Thus the article provides a model of the adaptive capabilities of craft, and this allows craftspeople to change and respond to the disturbances
that affect the social, economic and ecological structure based on their technological memory.
Exploring net political craft: From collective to connective
Authors: von Busch Otto 
Published: September 2010

Craft and design has had a dialectical history since early modernism, where craft often sided with the romanticism of the arts and craft movement, while design became primarily market-led and allied with mass production, industrialism and consumerism. This conflict, which deepened through
the twentieth century, is now exhibiting signs of reconciliation.
What happens at the borders between design and craft today, when a new generation of makers trespass and extend across this raft, to combine post-industrial design, open source shared engagement and net political craft?
An
exhibition and series of workshops at the Jnkping County Museum, Sweden, set out to examine the new household tactics of the global popular crafts and the transversal movements of critical engagement, re-examining household production, craftivism and critical design.
This article specifically
examines the Counterfeit Crochet project of artist Stephanie Syjuco whose works were exhibited at the show, to see how she uses networked craft as a critical tool for investigating contemporary modes of political power, globalized production, consumerism and DIY activism.
Glycated hemoglobin vs. the oral glucose tolerance test for the exclusion of impaired glucose tolerance in high-risk individuals
Authors: Santos-Rey Koldo , Fernández-Riejos Patricia , Mateo Joaquín , Sánchez-Margalet Victor , Goberna Raimundo 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the use of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in the diagnosis of impaired glucose tolerance in high-risk individuals.

Methods: A total of 713 patients with at least two risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes were enrolled in the study. Fasting glucose and HbA1c were measured in all individuals. Patients whose fasting glucose concentrations were below 7.0 mmol/L underwent an OGTT.

Results: From the 713 patients, 234 were euglycemic, 200 had impaired fasting glucose, 118 presented with impaired glucose tolerance and 161 met the diagnostic criteria for type 2 diabetes. OGTT was performed in a total of 596 patients (83.6%). Statistically significant differences were observed for HbA1c concentrations in all groups. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to assess the capability of HbA1c to discriminate between normal glucose tolerance and impaired glucose tolerance. An HbA1c value of 36 mmol/mol (5.4%) gave an optimal sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 73%, and a negative predictive value of 97% for identifying patients with impaired glucose tolerance.

Conclusions: HbA1c can be used to rule outpatients at high-risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:1719–22.