bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research Toward an Artificial Diet for Adult Asian Citrus Psyllid
Authors: Hall David G , Shatters Robert G , Carpenter James E , Shapiro Jeffrey P 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Research progress is reported on an artificial diet for adult Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae). The primary objective was to develop a system for screening antimicrobial peptides and other potential toxic proteins for activity against adults. The base diet was a sterilized solution of sucrose (30%) and yellow-green food coloring (0.5%) in tap water. All of the studies presented were conducted at 25°C, 75% RH, and a photoperiod of 14:10 (L:D) h. Adult psyllids were &lt;7 d old when they were transferred to diet. Addition of the food coloring was necessary to prompt adults to feed. Among the feeding trials discussed, a mean of 69.1 ± 3.2% adults survived for 14 d on the base sucrose diet. Survival rates of males and females were similar. Adults feeding on the sucrose diet may have ingested less food than adults feeding on citrus leaf disks based on differences in quantities of adult excrements deposited in feeding chambers. However, survival of adults feeding on leaf disks over a 2-wk period was only marginally better than survival of adults feeding on the base sucrose diet, and final rates of survival of adults fed these two food sources were not significantly different.
Application of Rough Set Analysis in Species and Caste Discrimination of Bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombus) Based on Antennal Sensilla
Authors: Shang Lina , Wang Yinliang , Wang Panpan , Wang Shuangwei , Ren Bingzhong 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Using scanning electron microscope, eight types of sensilla were found on the antennae of all castes in eight Bombus species (Hymenoptera: Apidae) collected in Jilin Province, China. The numbers of various types of antennal sensilla were analyzed by rough set data analysis method to determine which sensillum type might be useful in species and caste discrimination. The results showed that the number of sensilla basiconica A, B (s. t. a, s. t. b), sensilla trichodea A, B, C/ D (s. t. a, s. t. b, s. t. c/ d) and sensilla placodea (s. p) can be used in species discrimination, whereas only types s. t. a, s. t. b, and s. t. b are relevant in caste discrimination. Other types of sensilla had a lower taxonomic value for species and caste discrimination. This study provides a mathematic reference for the function research of antennal sensilla of Bombus determined by single-cell recording at both peripheral and antennal lobe (central nervous system) levels.
Feeding Behavior Patterns ofLeptocorisa chinensis(Hemiptera: Alydidae) Nymphs on Host and Nonhost Plants
Authors: Ishizaki Mami , Yasuda Tetsuya , Watanabe Tomonari 
Published: June 2010

AbstractFeeding behavior of the nymphs of Leptocorisa chinensis Dallas (Hemiptera: Alydidae) on various poaceous (grass) species was investigated. The sequence of behavioral phases of the nymph on the food plant was as follows: antennation, rostrum extension, dabbing with the labium, rostrum placement on the plant surface, stylet penetration, and sustained ingestion. Observed behavioral phases of nymphs released on seed heads differed among three categories of plants: food grasses (including rice), nonfood grasses, and nongrasses (nonfood). The nymphs were able to discriminate food grasses from nonfood grasses before they penetrated with their stylets. On nongrasses, nymphs did not exhibit the feeding behavioral phases except for antennation. Nymphs also exhibited behavioral phases such as antennation, rostrum extension, and dabbing with the labium, on paper strips treated with methanol extract of food grasses, but not with extract of nonfood grasses and nongrasses. These results suggest that chemical cues exist in food grass species.
Connection: Schwartz Center Rounds at Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center
Authors: Penson Richard T. , Schapira Lidia , Mack Sally , Stanzler Marjorie , Lynch Thomas J. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Shortly before his death in 1995, Kenneth B. Schwartz, a cancer patient at Massachusetts General Hospital, founded the Kenneth B. Schwartz Center®, a nonprofit organization dedicated to supporting and advancing compassionate health care. The Center sponsors Schwartz Rounds®, a multidisciplinary forum in which doctors, nurses, chaplains, social workers, and other staff reflect on important psychosocial issues that arise in caring for patients. Attendees participate in an interactive discussion about issues anchored in a case presentation and share their experiences, thoughts, and feelings. The patient narratives may center on wonderful events and transcendent experiences or tragic stories, during which staff can only bear witness to the suffering. The Rounds focus on caregivers' experiences, and encourage staff to share insights, own their vulnerabilities, and support each other. The primary objective is to foster healing relationships and provide support to professional caregivers, enhance communication among caregivers, and improve the connection between patients and caregivers. Currently, &gt;50,000 clinicians attend monthly Schwartz Rounds at 195 sites in 31 states, numbers that are rapidly growing. In this article we explore the reasons that contribute to the success of this model of multidisciplinary reflection.
A Review of the Most Promising Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer: One Step Closer to Targeted Therapy
Authors: Deschoolmeester Vanessa , Baay Marc , Specenier Pol , Lardon Filip , Vermorken Jan B. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractRapidly growing insights into the molecular biology of colorectal cancer (CRC) and recent developments in gene sequencing and molecular diagnostics have led to high expectations for the identification of molecular markers to be used in optimized and tailored treatment regimens. However, many of the published data on molecular biomarkers are contradictory in their findings and the current reality is that no molecular marker, other than the KRAS gene in the case of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)- targeted therapy for metastatic disease, has made it into clinical practice. Many markers investigated suffer from technical shortcomings, resulting from lack of quantitative techniques to capture the impact of the molecular alteration. This understanding has recently led to the more comprehensive approaches of global gene expression profiling or genome-wide analysis to determine prognostic and predictive signatures in tumors. In this review, an update of the most recent data on promising biological prognostic and/or predictive markers, including microsatellite instability, epidermal growth factor receptor, KRAS, BRAF, CpG island methylator phenotype, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, forkhead box P3–positive T cells, receptor for hyaluronic acid–mediated motility, phosphatase and tensin homolog, and T-cell originated protein kinase, in patients with CRC is provided.
Interventions With Adherence-Promoting Components in Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Hood Korey K. , Rohan Jennifer M. , Peterson Claire M. , Drotar Dennis 
Published: June 2010

OBJECTIVE
To review interventions with adherence-promoting components and document their impact on glycemic control via meta-analysis.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Data from 15 studies that met the following criteria were subjected to meta-analysis: 1) randomized, controlled trial, 2) study sample included youth aged &lt;19 years, 3) youth had type 1 diabetes, 4) study reported results on glycemic control; and 5) study reported use of adherence- or self-management–promoting components.

RESULTS
The 15 studies included 997 youth with type 1 diabetes. The mean effect size for pre- to posttreatment change for the intervention versus control group comparison was 0.11 (95% CI −0.01 to 0.23). This is a small effect, demonstrating very modest improvements in glycemic control. However, analysis for the pre- to posttreatment effects for the intervention group alone did show significant variability [Q(14) = 33.11; P &lt; 0.05]. Multicomponent interventions, those that targeted emotional, social, or family processes that facilitate diabetes management, were more potent than interventions just targeting a direct, behavioral process (e.g., increase in blood glucose monitoring frequency).

CONCLUSIONS
Interventions that focus on direct, behavioral processes and neglect emotional, social, and family processes are unlikely to have an impact on glycemic control; multicomponent interventions showed more robust effects on A1C. Future clinical research should focus on refining interventions and gathering more efficacy and effectiveness data on health outcomes of the pediatric patients treated with these interventions.
Painful Diabetic Neuropathy Is Associated With Greater Autonomic Dysfunction Than Painless Diabetic Neuropathy
Authors: Gandhi Rajiv A. , Marques Jefferson L.B. , Selvarajah Dinesh , Emery Celia J. , Tesfaye Solomon 
Published: June 2010

OBJECTIVE
Although a clear link between diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and autonomic neuropathy is recognized, the relationship of autonomic neuropathy with subtypes of DPN is less clear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of autonomic neuropathy with painless and painful DPN.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Eighty subjects (20 healthy volunteers, 20 with no DPN, 20 with painful DPN, 20 with painless DPN) underwent detailed neurophysiological investigations (including conventional autonomic function tests [AFTs]) and spectral analysis of short-term heart rate variability (HRV), which assesses sympathovagal modulation of the heart rate. Various frequency-domain (including low frequency [LF], high frequency [HF], and total power [TP]) and time-domain (standard deviation of all normal-to-normal R-R intervals [SDNN] and root mean square of successive differences [RMSSD]) parameters were assessed.

RESULTS
HRV analysis revealed significant differences across the groups in LF, HF, TP, SDNN, and RMSSD (ANOVA P &lt; 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that compared with painless DPN, painful DPN had significantly lower HF (3.59 ± 1.08 [means ± SD] vs. 2.67 ± 1.56), TP (5.73 ± 1.28 vs. 4.79 ± 1.51), and SDNN (2.91 ± 0.65 vs. 1.62 ± 3.5), P &lt; 0.05. No significant differences were seen between painless DPN and painful DPN using an AFT.

CONCLUSIONS
This study shows that painful DPN is associated with significantly greater autonomic dysfunction than painless DPN. These changes are only detected using spectral analysis of HRV (a simple test based on a 5-min electrocardiogram recording), suggesting that it is a more sensitive tool to detect autonomic dysfunction, which is still under-detected in people with diabetes. The greater autonomic dysfunction seen in painful DPN may reflect more predominant small fiber involvement and adds to the growing evidence of its role in the pathophysiology of painful DPN.
Screening Adults for Pre-Diabetes and Diabetes May Be Cost-Saving
Authors: Chatterjee Ranee , Venkat Narayan K.M. , Lipscomb Joseph , Phillips Lawrence S. 
Published: June 2010

OBJECTIVE
The economic costs of hyperglycemia are substantial. Early detection would allow management to prevent or delay development of diabetes and diabetes-related complications. We investigated the economic justification for screening for pre-diabetes/diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We projected health system and societal costs over 3 years for 1,259 adults, comparing costs associated with five opportunistic screening tests. All subjects had measurements taken of random plasma and capillary glucose (RPG and RCG), A1C, and plasma and capillary glucose 1 h after a 50 g oral glucose challenge test without prior fasting (GCT-pl and GCT-cap), and a subsequent diagnostic 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).

RESULTS
Assuming 70% specificity screening cutoffs, Medicare costs for testing, retail costs for generic metformin, and costs for false negatives as 10% of reported costs associated with pre-diabetes/diabetes, health system costs over 3 years for the different screening tests would be GCT-pl $180,635; GCT-cap $182,980; RPG $182,780; RCG $186,090; and A1C $192,261; all lower than costs for no screening, which would be $205,966. Under varying assumptions, projected health system costs for screening and treatment with metformin or lifestyle modification would be less than costs for no screening as long as disease prevalence is at least 70% of that of our population and false-negative costs are at least 10% of disease costs. Societal costs would equal or exceed costs of no screening depending on treatment type.

CONCLUSIONS
Screening appears to be cost-saving compared to no screening from a health system perspective, and potentially cost-neutral from a societal perspective. These data suggest that strong consideration should be given to screening—with preventive management—and that use of GCTs may be cost-effective.
Effects of Glutamine on Glycemic Control During and After Exercise in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Mauras Nelly , Xing Dongyuan , Fox Larry A. , Englert Kim , Darmaun Dominique 
Published: June 2010

OBJECTIVE
To investigate if oral glutamine ameliorates exercise and postexercise nighttime hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetic adolescents.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Ten adolescents (15.2 ± 1.4 years [SD], A1C 6.9 ± 0.9%) on insulin pumps were studied. The subjects were randomized to receive a glutamine or placebo drink pre-exercise and at bedtime (0.25 g/kg/dose). A 3:00 p.m. exercise session consisted of four 15-min treadmill/5-min rest cycles. Pre-exercise blood glucose was 140–150 mg/dl and was monitored throughout the night. Studies were randomized crossover over 3 weeks.

RESULTS
Blood glucose levels dropped comparably (52%) during exercise on both days. However, the overnight number of hypoglycemic events was higher on glutamine than placebo (≤70 mg/dl, P = 0.03 and ≤60, P = 0.05). The cumulative probability of nighttime hypoglycemia was increased on glutamine days (80%) versus placebo days (50%) (P = 0.02).

CONCLUSIONS
Glutamine increased the cumulative probability of postexercise overnight hypoglycemia compared with placebo in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Whether glutamine may enhance insulin sensitivity postexercise requires further study in type 1 diabetes.
Renal Hyperfiltration and Arterial Stiffness in Humans With Uncomplicated Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Cherney David Z.I. , Sochett Etienne B. , Lai Vesta , Dekker Maria G. , Slorach Cameron , Scholey James W. , Bradley Timothy J. 
Published: June 2010

OBJECTIVE
We have reported that renal hyperfiltration is associated with endothelial dysfunction in early type 1 diabetes. However, the relationship between renal hyperfiltration and arterial stiffness is unknown. Accordingly, we measured arterial stiffness in type 1 diabetic subjects with hyperfiltering (n = 20) or normofiltering (n = 18).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Augmentation index (AIx), aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV), renal hemodynamic function (inulin and paraaminohippurate clearances), and urinary and circulating plasma cGMP were measured in normoalbuminuric subjects with type 1 diabetes during clamped euglycemia (glucose 4–6 mmol/l) and hyperglycemia (glucose 9–11 mmol/l).

RESULTS
During clamped euglycemia, hyperfiltering subjects (glomerular filtration rate ≥135 ml/min/1.73 m2) exhibited lower AIx values (−6.1 ± 2.9 vs. 13.9 ± 2.7%, P = 0.001) and higher cGMP levels in urine and plasma compared with normofiltering subjects. These differences were maintained during clamped hyperglycemia. As expected, renal hemodynamic responses to clamped hyperglycemia were exaggerated in normofilterers, but values for AIx remained unchanged.

CONCLUSIONS
Renal hyperfiltration is associated with reduced arterial stiffness in subjects with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes.
Muscular Strength and Hydroxyproline Concentration in Urine After Different Flexibility Training Protocols
Authors: de Almeida Olavo , de Oliveira Sampaio Adriane , Conceição Mário , Paranhos Vivian , Mello Danielli , Vale Rodrigo , Achour Júnior Abdallah , Dantas Estélio 
Published: June 2010

Muscular Strength and Hydroxyproline Concentration in Urine After Different Flexibility Training ProtocolsThe objective of this study was to evaluate variation in the lumbar spine extension (LSE) muscular strength index and the hydroxyproline (HP) urinary concentrations as a function of flexibility training with maximum intensity (flexibilizing) statically, by proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) and submaximally. The sample population - with an age of 17.13 ± 1.23; body mass of 63.23 ± 6.36 kg; height of 173.62 ± 5.465 cm and body fat percentage of 10 ± 3.62% - comprised 60 male individuals divided randomly into four equal groups: CG (control), StrG (stretching), SFG (static flexibilizing) and PNFG (flexibilizing by PNF). The statistical program SPSS 14.0 for Windows was used to perform a Shapiro Wilk test to verify the normality of the data and Levene's test to analyze the homogeneity of the sample, repeated measures ANOVA for multiple comparisons among groups and the Tukey's HSD Post Hoc test to determine the statistical difference within groups of the variables. A significance level of 95% (p<0.05) was adopted. The results showed a significant difference in LSE between PNFG and CG (D% = 11%; p = 0.029). It can be concluded that the practice of PNF increased strength in the study group.
Reflections on Justice under the Context of Globalization
Authors: Dunaj Ľubomír 
Published: June 2010

Reflections on Justice under the Context of Globalization
This paper deals with the need to change the way in which we consider justice in connection with globalisation. It analyses injustice in countries with developed capitalism, employing the work of Axel Honneth and Nancy Fraser. The paper highlights the importance of using "critical theory" in relation to developing an acceptable understanding of the term justice, and using "critical theory" in conjunction with Hans Herbert Kögler's "philosophical hermeneutics". In order to adequately investigate contemporary human civilization it is necessary to enrich our knowledge by investigating "civilisational analysis" (Johann P. Arnason).
On Sources of Structural Injustice: A Feminist Reading of the Theory of Iris M. Young
Authors: Uhde Zuzana 
Published: June 2010

On Sources of Structural Injustice: A Feminist Reading of the Theory of Iris M. Young
The author focuses on a critical theory of justice and democracy by Iris Marion Young. Young's normative approach to justice and the institutional framework of inclusive democracy develops out of her critique of injustice. In the first section the author explains Young's approach to structural injustice, which she conceptualizes in terms of domination and oppression. In the second part the author elucidates Young's concept of the politics of difference and inclusive democracy. In this context Young differentiates between social and cultural groups; this enables her to take into consideration the political significance of group differences. The author goes on to present Young's critical theory of gender based on the notion of women as a social structural group. Young argues that gender refers to social structures that shape relations of subordination and oppression rather than to identity. In the final part the author discusses the application of Young's concept of structural injustice at a transnational level. Finally, she concludes with an outline for a feminist reading of the concept of structural injustice in a transnational context.
Motor Control: In Search of Physics of the Living Systems
Authors: Latash Mark 
Published: June 2010

Motor Control: In Search of Physics of the Living Systems
This review contrasts two approaches to motor control that have dominated the field over the past years. One of them is built on ideas of the control theory; it assumes that neuronal structures perform computations and operates with notions such as motor programs and internal models. The alternative approach is based on physics and neurophysiology. It refutes the assumption of neural computations and operates with such notions as neuronal thresholds and equilibrium states. The two approaches have different goals. The former tries to produce a formal description of how any system, irrespective of its physics and physiology, can produce typical features of biological movement. This research may be very productive and important for such fields as robotics and prosthetics. The latter approach tries to produce a formal description of how neuromotor processes within the actual systems for movement production (for example, the human body) are organized to produce coordinated movements. Its goal is to turn motor control into a subfield of physics of living systems. Recent developments of the equilibrium-point hypothesis, referent configuration hypothesis, and the ideas of synergic control represent important steps towards achieving this goal.
Vaginal involvement in genital erosive lichen planus
Authors: HELGESEN ANNE LISE ORDING , GJERSVIK PETTER , JEBSEN PETER , KIRSCHNER ROLF , TANBO TOM 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA specialized Vulva Clinic with dedicated gynecologists and dermatologists was established in Oslo, Norway, in 2003. Fifty‐eight women referred to the clinic in 2003–2009 were diagnosed with genital erosive lichen planus. All patients filled out a questionnaire. Gynecological examination, including vaginal inspection, was performed, if necessary in general anesthesia. Median age at symptom start was 51 years (range 17–78 years) with 15 women (26%) being younger than 40 years old. Sexual abstinence was reported by 36 women and dyspareunia by another 10. On examination, vaginal involvement was seen in 49 women, including vaginal synechiae in 29 and total obliteration of the vagina in 9. Of 56 women treated with topical corticosteroids for at least three months, two had complete response and 36 partial responses. Similarly, of 22 women treated with tacrolimus, three had complete and six partial response. We conclude that vaginal involvement is more common in genital erosive lichen planus than previously reported.
Effects of intrapartum epidural analgesia at high altitudes: maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes. A randomized controlled trial of two formulations of analgesics
Authors: SHOKRY MAHMOUD , MANAA ESSAM M. , SHOUKRY RANDA ALI , SHOKEIR MOHAMED HOSSAM , ELSEDFY GHADA O. , ABD EL‐AZIZ ABD EL‐SALAM 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectives. To investigate whether intrapartum epidural analgesics (bupivacaine or ropivacaine) have an influence (safety and efficacy) on mothers, fetuses, or newborns at high altitudes (2,200 m above the sea level). Design. Prospective randomized trial. Setting. A tertiary referral hospital in Aseer region, Saudi Arabia. Population. Eighty parturient women with normal full term pregnancy (37–40 weeks) were randomly allocated to a group receiving epidural bupivacaine 0.125% and the other receiving ropivacaine 0.2%, with fentanyl 100 μg given to both groups. Methods. Intra‐ and postpartum clinical management of the pregnant women and newborns and fetal Doppler assessments were performed. Main outcome measures. Severity of pain, onset and duration of analgesia, and occurrence of motor blockade were primary outcomes. Progress of labor, need for oxytocin augmentation, mode of delivery, and neonatal condition were secondary outcomes. Results. Demographic, labor characteristics, and neonatal outcomes of the two groups were comparable. The onset of analgesia was relatively more rapid for ropivacaine group (p = 0.067). Duration of analgesia after the first bolus dose was longer and the need for supplemental epidural analgesic doses was lesser in the bupivacaine group (p = 0.041 and 0.045, respectively). In both groups, the fetal umbilical and middle cerebral artery pulsatility indices showed significant change when compared to the baseline of the same group. Conclusion. At high altitudes, no major advantage was found for epidural ropivacaine over bupivacaine in addition to fentanyl for labor analgesia and no harmful effects of the medications were found on mothers, fetuses, or newborns.