bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Corneal Pachymetry Measurements by Galilei Dual Scheimpflug Camera
Authors: Karimian Farid , Feizi Sepehr , Faramarzi Amir , Doozandeh Azadeh , Yaseri Mehdi 
Published: September 2011

Purpose We present an evaluation of corneal pachymetry measurements by Galilei dual Scheimpflug camera by comparing central corneal thickness measured by Galilei with Orbscan II and ultrasonic pachymetry. Setting Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Negah Eye Center, Tehran, Iran. Materials and Methods Central corneal thickness (CCT) was measured in 184 eyes of 92 healthy subjects using Galilei, Orbscan II, and ultrasonic (US) pachymetry. Considered as a benchmark, the measurements by US pachymetry were compared with those measured by the other 2 systems. Results Mean CCT was 544.4±33.4 μm, 546.7±37.9 μm, and 555.8±29.6 μm as measured by US pachymetry, Orbscan II, and Galilei systems, respectively. The mean difference of readings measured by US pachymetry with those measured by Orbscan II (acoustic coefficient 0.96) and Galilei were 2.3 μm and 10.2 μm, respectively. In spite of this discrepancy, the Galilei system had better agreement with US pachymetry than Orbscan II and US pachymetry (correlation coefficient 0.947 vs 0.817) and considering 0.98 as acoustic coefficient for Galilei CCT reading, makes its measurements identical to ultrasound pachymetry. Conclusions Galilei measurements of CCT are well correlated with ultrasound pachymetry in normal eyes. After considering an acoustic coefficient equal to 0.98 for Galilei, its measurements will become equal to ultrasound values.
Cemented versus Uncemented Hemiarthroplasty for Hip Fractures: A Systematic Review of Randomised Controlled Trials
Authors: Azegami Shin , Gurusamy Kurinchi S. , Parker Martyn J. 
Published: September 2011

We performed a systematic review of randomised controlled trials in order to identify the best available evidence to compare the outcome between cemented and uncemented hemiarthroplasty for treatment of intracapsular hip fractures. We searched the Cochrane Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma Group Specialised Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, CINAHL, MEDLINE and the National Research Register (UK) to retrieve all of the published randomised controlled trials designed to address these issues, in order to perform a meta-analysis. Eight studies involving 1169 patients were determined to be appropriate for meta-analysis. The following statistically significant differences were found between the cemented and uncemented prostheses: (1) longer operative time for cemented prosthesis; (2) lower reduction in mobility score for those treated with cemented prosthesis; (3) fewer patients with residual pain in the hip and lower pain score (signifying less pain) for those treated with a cemented prosthesis. Our meta-analysis has shown that there is good evidence that the use of cement during hemiarthroplasty will reduce the amount of residual hip pain and also allow better restoration of function. There is no evidence of significant adverse effects of cement on mortality or other complications encountered. These observations apply to older designs, and there is a need for randomised trials comparing hydroxyapatite-coated modern stems with cemented prostheses.
Metal Ion Interpretation in Resurfacing versus Conventional Hip Arthroplasty and in Whole Blood versus Serum. How should we Interpret Metal Ion Data?
Authors: Smolders José M.H. , Bisseling Pepijn , Hol Annemiek , Van Der Straeten Catherine , Schreurs B. Willem , Van Susante Job L.C. 
Published: September 2011

Metal ions generated from joint replacements are a cause for concern. There is no consensus on the best surrogate measure of metal ion exposure, and both serum and whole blood measurements are used in clinical practice. This study provides a guideline for interpretation of metal ion analysis in clinical practice. In a prospective trial comparing hip resurfacing (HR) with a conventional metal-on-metal (MoM) total hip arthroplasty (THA) cobalt and chromium levels were determined for whole blood and serum in 343 paired samples at regular intervals up to 24 months postoperatively. Cobalt whole blood and serum levels increased significantly after both procedures. Cobalt concentrations were significantly higher for the HR group compared to the THA group, at 3, 6 and 12 months, for whole blood and serum. At 24 months cobalt levels decreased and differences between HR and THA were no longer significant. In contrast, chromium whole blood levels remained significantly higher for HR until 24 months. Whole blood and serum levels could not be used interchangeably. The mean differences for cobalt and chromium between blood and serum values were +0.13 μg/L and –0.91 μg/L respectively. Regression analysis provided a formula for conversion from serum to blood of 0.34+[0.88*Co serum] for cobalt and 0.14+[0.58*Cr serum] for chromium, with an acceptable prediction error below ±1.0 μg/L. Cobalt and chromium levels were significantly higher for HR versus THA, especially during the run-in phase of one year. Overall, the metal ion levels were well below 5 μg/L. We cannot recommend the use of whole blood over serum measurements or vice versa. The provided conversion formula between whole blood and serum in combination with the presented practical guidelines may be useful for clinical practice.
Dislocation Rate after Hip Arthroplasty within the First Postoperative Year: 36Mm versus 28Mm Femoral Heads
Authors: Bistolfi Alessandro , Crova Maurizio , Rosso Federica , Titolo Paolo , Ventura Stefano , Massazza Giuseppe 
Published: September 2011

Dislocation is a common and important complication of total hip arthroplasty (THA). Larger femoral heads may reduce the risk of dislocation and improve the range of movement. The aim of this study was to compare the relative risk (RR) of dislocation during the first year after THA between implants with 28mm and 36mm femoral heads. 198 consecutive hips with 28mm femoral head (Group-28) and 259 hips with 36mm femoral head (Group-36) were studied. The patients were assessed preoperatively and periodically using the Harris hip score (HHS) and radiographic analysis. The relative risk (RR) of dislocation was calculated. The average HHS significantly improved from a preoperative baseline to the last follow-up at 82.1 months (28mm) and 44.3 months (36mm). No statistically significant differences were revealed between the two groups for HHS results and complications (p>0.05), but the difference in RR of dislocation within the first year between the two groups was 7.85 (95%CI: 1.34–46.03), p=0.046. Although dislocation is multifactorial in etiology, the two groups were homogenous for all principal contributing factors except the diameter of the femoral head. Therefore, the use of 36-mm heads can reduce the risk of dislocation following THA by a factor of 8 compared to conventional 28mm heads.
Linear and Hyperbranched Polyglycerol Derivatives as Excellent Bioinert Glass Coating Materials
Authors: Weinhart Marie , Becherer Tobias , Schnurbusch Nicolai , Schwibbert Karin , Kunte Hans‐Jörg , Haag Rainer 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe non‐specific adsorption of proteins to surfaces in contact with biofluids constitutes a major problem in the biomedical and biotechnological field, due to the initiation of biofilm formation and the resulting improper function of devices. Therefore, non‐fouling surfaces modified with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) are usually applied. In this study, we report the synthesis of triethoxysilane modified glycerol based polymers of linear and branched architecture for the preparation of covalently attached monolayers on glass. Evaluation of the biocompatibility of these surfaces was performed in comparison to bare non‐coated glass, hydrophobic hexadecane modified glass, and mPEG modified glass as the controls. Protein adsorption of BSA and fibrinogen (1 mg · mL−1 in PBS) after 4 and 24 h immersion was reduced by more than 96 and 90%, respectively, compared to the adsorption on bare glass substrates. In addition, mouse NIH‐3T3 fibroblast cells showed only marginal adhesion on the polyglycerol and mPEG coated slides after 3 and 7 d incubation in cell suspension, which demonstrates the long‐term stability of the applied glass coatings. The non‐adhesive properties of these coatings were further reflected in bacterial adhesion tests of Escherichia coli K12 and three clinically relevant Gram‐positive and negative strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Aeromonas hydrophila), since linear polyglycerol (LPG(OH)), linear poly(methyl glycerol) (LPG(OMe)), and hyperbranched polyglycerol (HPG) reduced the adhesion for all tested strains by more than 99% compared to bare glass. Therefore, polyglycerol derivatives present an excellent non‐fouling surface coating as an alternative to PEG with feasibility for surface modification of various substrates.
A Generic Toolkit for the Visualization of Archaeological Features on Airborne LiDAR Elevation Data
Authors: Challis Keith , Forlin Paolo , Kincey Mark 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTA range of techniques have become established for the visualization and analysis of airborne LiDAR elevation data within the field of archaeology. In this paper we discuss the visualization of test data representing archaeological features in a variety of terrains using a suite of techniques, all available through generic geographical information system or image processing software. These comprise elevation shading using constrained colour ramps, slope analysis, hill‐shading, principal component analysis of multi‐azimuth hill‐shading, local relief models and solar insolation modelling. The strengths and weaknesses of each technique are discussed and a generic toolkit, suited to the visualization of airborne LiDAR data for archaeological purposes, is presented. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A framework of students' reasons for using CMC media in learning contexts: A structural approach
Authors: Guo Zixiu , Lu Xiongwen , Li Yuan , Li Yifan 
Published: September 2011

AbstractMotivated by the increasing popularity of computer‐mediated communication (CMC) media in university students' learning, this study employs a four‐stage novel approach for analyzing and developing a structured hierarchy framework for students' usage of CMC media in learning contexts. First, media characteristics and the Uses and Gratifications (U&G) approach were adopted to understand student‐specific reasons for using media. Second, a set of relevant data concerning the university students' reasons for using CMC media was collected by the Repertory Grid Interview Technique (RGT) and analyzed qualitatively using content analysis. The Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) technique was then used to develop a six‐level hierarchical structural model of media use reasons. Finally, the cross‐impact matrix multiplication applied to classification (MICMAC) technique was used to analyze the driver and dependence power for each media use reason and identify the hidden and indirect relationships among all reasons. The reasons related to students' use of CMC were classified as independent variables, linkage variables, and dependent variables. The study provides a validated typology of different clusters of interrelated students' reasons for using CMC media in learning contexts. The findings of this study will have significant implications and will be helpful for researchers, university policy‐makers, instructors, and organizations in framing CMC technology implementation and use strategies.
Neutralisationsenthalpien – Warum sind sie so verschieden?
Authors: Peper‐Bienzeisler Renate , Fickenfrerichs Hilke , Jansen Walter 
Published: September 2011

Abstract„Neutralisation“ gibt es in der Säure/Base‐Theorie von J. N. Brönsted nicht. Und dennoch ist es auch nach Brönsted zweckmäßig, in bestimmten Fällen den Begriff „Neutralisation“ zu verwenden. Dann existieren auch Neutralisationsenthalpien. Man kann sie mit einer einfachen Ausrüstung bestimmen. Sie zeigen überraschenderweise große Differenzen. Diese lassen sich einerseits mit der Debye‐Hückel‐Theorie, andererseits mit Protonierungsgleichgewichten erklären.
Soluble Alumotitanosilicates and Their Zirconium and Hafnium Analogues
Authors: Huerta‐Lavorie Raúl , Rascón‐Cruz Fernando , Solis‐Ibarra Diego , Zavala‐Segovia Nieves , Jancik Vojtech 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe synthesis of molecular heterometallic alumosilicates in good yields has been achieved by reaction between LAl(OH·thf)(μ‐O)Si(OH)(OtBu)2 (1, L = [HC{C(Me)N(Ar)}2]–, Ar = 2,6‐iPr2C6H3) and group 4 amides. These reactions lead to inorganic cycles (type I) and spirocycles (type II) containing six‐membered rings with unprecedented inorganic cores (O–Al–O–Si–O)nM (n = 1, 2; M = Ti, Zr and Hf). Noteworthy, for the heavier metals, Zr and Hf, higher steric bulk in the alkyl substituent of the amide moiety is required to obtain type I compounds. The solid‐state structures for all compounds were determined and reveal a tetrahedral environment for all metal atoms, dihedral angles close to 90° for spirocyclic compounds, and isomorphous structures for the Zr and Hf derivatives.
Concerning the Electronic Control of Torsion Angles in Biphenyls
Authors: Gómez‐Gallego Mar , Martín‐Ortiz Mamen , Sierra Miguel A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn the search for evidence to establish the effect of π conjugation on the variation of the equilibrium torsion angle (θeq) in push–pull 4,4′‐disubstituted biphenyls, a systematic Hammett DFT study has been carried out. The study shows that although reasonable and intuitive, the through‐conjugation between donor and acceptor substituents in these systems is only of some relevance when strong donor and strong charged acceptors are involved. In these cases, changes in the torsion angle from 39 (average) to 10.2° have been observed in the gas phase. Otherwise, θeq is mainly dominated by the (steric) ortho–ortho effect. The results of this study, based on the electronic control of the torsion angle, are complementary to those that rely on planarization by means of reduction of the steric constriction at the 2,2′‐positions of the system.
Total Synthesis of Both Enantiomers of Macrocyclic Lactone Aspergillide C
Authors: Srihari P. , Sridhar Y. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA facile approach to the total synthesis of both enantiomers of the 14‐membered macrolactone aspergillide C is described. The strategy employed was also utilized for the synthesis of C4‐epimers of both the enantiomers of aspergillide C. The key reactions include Sharpless kinetic resolution, Achmatowicz reaction, Ferrier type alkynylation, hydrosilylation‐protodesilylation, Corey–Bakshi–Shibata (CBS) mediated reduction, and Yamaguchi macrolactonization.
Synthesis of Phosphoproline Derivatives with an Octahydroisoindole Structure
Authors: Arizpe Alicia , Sayago Francisco J. , Jiménez Ana I. , Ordóñez Mario , Cativiela Carlos 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe synthesis of two phosphoproline analogues possessing an octahydroisoindole structure is described for the first time. The new α‐aminophosphonic acids can be viewed as the result of fusing a cyclohexane ring to the [c] face of the five‐membered pyrrolidine unit. The junction of the bicyclic system is cis in both compounds, but they differ in the relative stereochemistry of the cyclohexane and phosphonate moieties. Using phthalimide as a common precursor and following stereodivergent routes, the target α‐aminophosphonic acids, (1R*,3aR*,7aS*)‐ and (1S*,3aR*,7aS*)‐octahydroisoindole‐1‐phosphonic acids, have been prepared with completestereocontrol and in high overall yields. The structurally related isoindoline‐1‐phosphonic acid, containing a benzene ring [c]‐fused to pyrrolidine, has also been obtained.
Impulsive personality and the ability to resist immediate reward: An fMRI study examining interindividual differences in the neural mechanisms underlying self‐control
Authors: Diekhof Esther Kristina , Nerenberg Lesly , Falkai Peter , Dechent Peter , Baudewig Jürgen , Gruber Oliver 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe ability to resist immediate rewards is crucial for lifetime success and individual well‐being. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we assessed the association between trait impulsivity and the neural underpinnings of the ability to control immediate reward desiring. Low and high extreme impulsivity groups were compared with regard to their behavioral performance and brain activation in situations, in which they had to forego immediate rewards with varying value to achieve a superordinate long‐term goal. We found that highly impulsive (HI) individuals, who successfully compensated for their lack in behavioral self‐control, engaged two complementary brain mechanisms when choosing actions in favor of a long‐term goal, but at the expense of an immediate reward. First, self‐controlled decisions led to a general attenuation of reward‐related activation in the nucleus accumbens, which was accompanied by an increased inverse connectivity with the anteroventral prefrontal cortex. Second, HI subjects controlled their desire for increasingly valuable, but suboptimal rewards through a linear reduction of activation in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC). This was achieved by an increased inverse coupling between the VMPFC and the ventral striatum. Importantly, the neural mechanisms observed in the HI group differed from those in extremely controlled individuals, despite similar behavioral performance. Collectively, these results suggest trait‐specific neural mechanisms that allow HI individuals to control their desire for immediate reward. Hum Brain Mapp, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE INVESTING IN THE GLOBAL MARKET: THE PERFORMANCE OF US AND EUROPEAN FUNDS
Authors: Cortez Maria Céu , Silva Florinda , Areal Nelson 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the style and performance of US and European global socially responsible funds. Several specifications of the return‐generating process are applied as well as their corresponding conditional versions.Most European global socially responsible funds do not show significant performance differences in relation to both conventional and socially responsible benchmarks. US funds and Austrian funds show evidence of underperformance. By applying conditional models, we find evidence of time‐varying betas but not of time‐varying alphas. With respect to investment style, we find evidence that socially responsible funds are strongly exposed to small cap and growth stocks. Although these results are consistent with previous studies, they uncover some misclassification issues in these funds. Finally, we also document a significant home bias for global socially responsible funds. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of in vitro cytotoxicity, estrogenicity and anti‐estrogenicity of triclosan, perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid
Authors: Henry Natasha D. , Fair Patricia A. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTConcern with increasing levels of emerging contaminants exists on a global scale. Three commonly observed emerging environmental contaminants: triclosan (2,4,4‐trichloro‐2′‐hydroxydiphenyl ether), a synthetic, broad‐spectrum antibacterial agent, and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), used in stain‐ and water‐resistant treatments, have become distributed ubiquitously across ecosystems and have been detected in wildlife and humans. MCF‐7 BOS human breast cancer cells were used to investigate the potential for cytotoxicity, estrogenicity and anti‐estrogenicity of these three compounds at environmentally relevant concentrations using the 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐5‐(3‐carboxymethoxyphenyl)‐2‐(4‐sulfophenyl)‐2H‐tetrazolium, inner salt assay (MTS) and the E‐SCREEN bioassay. The doses used were 0.002–200 µg ml−1 for triclosan and 0.03–30 µg ml−1 for PFOS and PFOA. Quantitative results from the MTS assay revealed no significant cytotoxicity at lower concentrations for any of the test compounds; however, both triclosan and PFOA were cytotoxic at the highest concentrations examined (100–200 and 30 µg ml−1, respectively), while PFOS showed no significant cytotoxicity at any of the concentrations tested. Positive estrogenic responses (P < 0.05) were elicited from the E‐SCREEN at all concentrations examined for triclosan and PFOA and at 30 µg ml−1 for PFOS. Further, significant anti‐estrogenic activity (P < 0.05) was detected for all compounds tested at all concentrations when cells were co‐exposed with 10−9 m 17‐β estradiol (E2). The overall results demonstrated that triclosan, PFOS and PFOA have estrogenic activities and that co‐exposure to contaminants and E2 produced anti‐estrogenic effects. Each of these compounds could provide a source of xenoestrogens to humans and wildlife in the environment. Published 2011. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
The differential regulation of Gap43 gene in the neuronal differentiation of P19 cells
Authors: Zhao Ji‐cheng , Zhang Lang‐xi , Zhang Ye , Shen Yu‐fei 
Published: September 2011

AbstractGrowth associated protein 43 (Gap43) is a neuron‐specific phosphoprotein, which plays critical role in axon growth and synapses functions during neurogenesis. Here we identified two transcription start sites (TSSs) of the mouse Gap43 gene designated as a proximal site at +1, and a distal TSS at −414. RT‐qPCR data reveal that the transcripts from +1 increase 10‐fold on day‐1 post‐all‐trans retinoic acid (RA) treatment, reached a peak value at day‐4 and gradually reduced. By contrast, the distal TSS directs a late, remarkably sharp increase of the transcripts from the day‐5 on. An intense signal of Gap43 at the neurites and neural network is determined by the efficient transcription of the distal promoter as shown in Northern blot and RT‐qPCR assay. In addition, the targeting of p300 in combination with a differential enrichment of Brm to Brg1 change at the distal promoter region of the gene is induced under RA treatment. The over hundreds of GA rich stretches and the GAGAG elements located between the two TSSs may take parts in the differential transcription of the two TSSs of the Gap43. Our findings provide the first evidence on the identification and differential transcription of the two TSSs of the mouse Gap43 gene, and the preferential distribution of their protein products in the specific stages of RA induced P19 differentiation. These data suggest the efficient transcription of the distal promoter of Gap43 is an important mark for the transition of P19 cells from the progenitor stage into neuronal differentiation. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 2645–2653, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.