bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lithic Industry as an Indicator of Ceramic Diffusion in the Early Neolithic of West Africa: A Case Study at Ounjougou
Authors: Soriano Sylvain , Huysecom Eric 
Published: May 2012

Ounjougou (Dogon Country, Mali) is now known for the discovery there of pottery dating to the first half of the 10th millennium cal BC, which is among the earliest evidence of the use of ceramics in Africa. While our understanding of early African ceramics is becoming well developed, certain other evidence associated with the first manifestations of the African Neolithic are still poorly understood, including notably the lithic industries. On the basis of technological and typological analyses of the lithic assemblage associated with the Ounjougou pottery, we will show that these materials also express profound behavioral changes within cultural groups of this period, and indeed they help clarify processes for the spread of ceramics. For these reasons lithics are extremely important for understanding this period of great cultural change and should not be neglected.
Technological and typological data collected during the analysis have been used to propose an original taphonomic approach and to test in this way the coherence of the assemblage.
Comparisons with Early Holocene industries in the Saharan zone (Temet, Tagalagal, Adrar Bous 10, etc.) provide new elements of consideration regarding the cultural context of the appearance of pottery, and enable us to propose a scenario for the adoption of technological innovations marking the beginning of the Holocene, from sub-Saharan West Africa toward the central Sahara. The lithic industries are seen as a valuable means of clarifying the cultural context and processes of the appearance and spread of pottery in this region from the first half of the 10th millennium cal BC to the middle of the 9th millennium cal BC.
Database Documentary: From Authorship to Authoring in Remediated/Remixed Documentary
Authors: Cohen Hart 
Published: May 2012

The engagement with documentary from its inception as a film form is frequently a set of references to documentary auteurs. The names of Flaherty, Grierson, Vertov and later Ivens, Leacock and Rouch are immediate signifiers of whole documentary film practices. These practices have given rise to histories and criticism that have dominated discussion of documentary and provided the foundation for more nuanced thinking about problems of the genre. One of the seminal texts in the field, Documentary by Erik Barnouw (1974) celebrates the auteur as the structuring principle for his historical review of documentary. It may be a reflection of the influence of this book, that so much of documentary criticism reflects the auteur approach as a starting point for analysis.
The shift towards a new documentary format, the Database Documentary, challenges the concept of an auteur in its presentation of documentary materials. This format relies on a remediation technique that recalibrates documentary media within new distributive networks supported by the web and enhanced by converged and designed visual and sonic interfaces. The reception modalities are necessarily removed from the familiar forms of projection and presentation of documentary film and television.
The research focus for this paper is how the concept of authorship (the “auteur”) is transformed by the emergence of the relatively new screen format of the database documentary.
The paper reviews some of the more recent examples of Database Documentary, the contexts for their production and the literature on new conceptions of documentary knowledge that may be drawn from these examples. An analysis of the authoring program, Korsakow and the documentaries that have been made using its software will demonstrate the route documentary has travelled from authorship to authoring in contemporary media production.
L'interprétation de la violence primaire chez l'enfant, chemin vers l'Œdipe
Authors: Gérard Christian 
Published: May 2012

Résumé La pratique de l’analyse avec les enfants a permis une évolution de la psychanalyse contemporaine, y compris celle avec les patients états limite, soulignant l’importance de la continuité psychanalyse avec les enfants – psychanalyse avec les adultes. Cette évolution a touché particulièrement le domaine de l’interprétation, facilitant l’abord des zones les plus précoces du psychisme. Ce qui se montre indispensable avec les enfants souffrant de troubles des symbolisations primaires. Une qualité particulière de transfert « paternel primaire » est mise en relief dans lequel l’identification primaire a un rôle prévalent. Est rappelée aussi l’importance de l’interprétation des rêves peu utilisée en analyse d’enfants. Une illustration clinique est donnée avec le cas d’une fillette prépsychotique âgée de 4 ans.
Pulmonary CCL18 Recruits Human Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Chenivesse Cécile , Chang Ying , Azzaoui Imane , Ait Yahia Saliha , Morales Olivier , Plé Coline , Foussat Arnaud , Tonnel André-Bernard , Delhem Nadira , Yssel Hans , Vorng Han , Wallaert Benoit , Tsicopoulos Anne 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
CCL18 is both a constitutively expressed and an inducible chemokine, whose role in the inflammatory reaction is poorly known. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether CCL18 has the capacity to attract human T cells with a regulatory function (regulatory T cells [Treg]). Results from chemotaxis assays performed on different types of Treg showed that CD4+CD25+CD127low cells, but neither T regulatory type 1 clones nor Treg differentiated in vitro with anti-CD3/CD46 mAbs, were recruited by CCL18 in a dose-dependent manner. CCL18-recruited memory CD4+ T cells were enriched in CD25high, CD25+CD127low, latency-associated peptide/TGF-β1, and CCR4-expressing T cells, whereas there was no enrichment in Foxp3+ cells as compared with controls. Stimulated CCL18-recruited memory T cells produced significantly increased amounts of the regulatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β1, as well as IL-4, but not IFN-γ and IL-17. Cell surface CCL18 binding was found predominantly on IL-10+ (26.3 ± 5.8%) and on a few latency-associated peptide/TGF-β1+ (18.1 ± 1.9%) and IL-4+ (14.5 ± 2.9%) memory T cells. In an in vivo model of SCID mice grafted with human skin and reconstituted with autologous PBMCs, the intradermal injection of CCL18 led to the cutaneous recruitment of CD4+, CD25+, and IL-10+ cells, but not Foxp3+ cells. Furthermore, CCL18-recruited memory T cells inhibited the proliferation of CD4+CD25− effector T cells through an IL-10–dependent mechanism. These data suggest that CCL18 may contribute to maintaining tolerance and/or suppressing deleterious inflammation by attracting memory Tregs into tissues, particularly in the lung, where it is highly and constitutively expressed.
Purinergic P2X7 Receptor Drives T Cell Lineage Choice and Shapes Peripheral γδ Cells
Authors: Frascoli Michela , Marcandalli Jessica , Schenk Ursula , Grassi Fabio 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
TCR signal strength instructs αβ versus γδ lineage decision in immature T cells. Increased signal strength of γδTCR with respect to pre-TCR results in induction of the γδ differentiation program. Extracellular ATP evokes physiological responses through purinergic P2 receptors expressed in the plasma membrane of virtually all cell types. In peripheral T cells, ATP released upon TCR stimulation enhances MAPK activation through P2X receptors. We investigated whether extracellular ATP and P2X receptors signaling tuned TCR signaling at the αβ/γδ lineage bifurcation checkpoint. We show that P2X7 expression was selectively increased in immature γδ+CD25+ cells. These cells were much more competent to release ATP than pre–TCR-expressing cells following TCR stimulation and Ca2+ influx. Genetic ablation as well as pharmacological antagonism of P2X7 resulted in impaired ERK phosphorylation, reduction of early growth response (Egr) transcripts induction, and diversion of γδTCR-expressing thymocytes toward the αβ lineage fate. The impairment of the ERK-Egr-inhibitor of differentiation 3 (Id3) signaling pathway in γδ cells from p2rx7−/− mice resulted in increased representation of the Id3-independent NK1.1-expressing γδ T cell subset in the periphery. Our results indicate that ATP release and P2X7 signaling upon γδTCR expression in immature thymocytes constitutes an important costimulus in T cell lineage choice through the ERK-Egr-Id3 signaling pathway and contributes to shaping the peripheral γδ T cell compartment.
Gadolinium Compounds Signaling through TLR 4 and TLR 7 in Normal Human Macrophages: Establishment of a Proinflammatory Phenotype and Implications for the Pathogenesis of Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis
Authors: Wermuth Peter J. , Jimenez Sergio A. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Nephrogenic systemic sibrosis is a progressive disorder occurring in some renal insufficiency patients exposed to gadolinium-based contrast agents (GdBCA). Previous studies demonstrated that the GdBCA Omniscan upregulated several innate immunity pathways in normal differentiated human macrophages, induced rapid nuclear localization of the transcription factor NF-κB, and increased the expression and production of numerous profibrotic/proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. To further examine GdBCA stimulation of the innate immune system, cultured human embryonic kidney 293 cells expressing one of seven different human TLRs or one of two human nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors were exposed in vitro for 24 h to various GdBCA. The signaling activity of each compound was evaluated by its ability to activate an NF-κB–inducible reporter gene. Omniscan and gadodiamide induced strong TLR4- and TLR7-mediated reporter gene activation. The other Gd compounds examined failed to induce reporter gene activation. TLR pathway inhibition using chloroquine or an inhibitor of IL-1R–associated kinases 1 and 4 in normal differentiated human macrophages abrogated Omniscan-induced gene expression. Omniscan and gadodiamide signaling via TLRs 4 and 7 resulted in increased production and expression of numerous proinflammatory/profibrotic cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, including CXCL10, CCL2, CCL8, CXCL12, IL-4, IL-6, TGF-β, and vascular endothelial growth factor. These observations suggest that TLR activation by environmental stimuli may participate in the pathogenesis of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis and of other fibrotic disorders including systemic sclerosis.
GITR Ligand Provided by Thrombopoietic Cells Inhibits NK Cell Antitumor Activity
Authors: Placke Theresa , Salih Helmut R. , Kopp Hans-Georg 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Thrombocytopenia inhibits tumor growth and especially metastasis in mice, whereas additional depletion of NK cells reverts this antimetastatic phenotype. It has therefore been speculated that platelets may protect hematogenously disseminating tumor cells from NK-dependent antitumor immunity. Tumor cells do not travel through the blood alone, but are rapidly coated by platelets, and this phenomenon has been proposed to shield disseminating tumor cells from NK-mediated lysis. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. In this study, we show that megakaryocytes acquire expression of the TNF family member glucocorticoid-induced TNF-related ligand (GITRL) during differentiation, resulting in GITRL expression by platelets. Upon platelet activation, GITRL is upregulated on the platelet surface in parallel with the α-granular activation marker P-selectin. GITRL is also rapidly mobilized to the platelet surface following interaction with tumor cells, which results in platelet coating. Whereas GITRL, in the fashion of several other TNF family members, is capable of transducing reverse signals, no influence on platelet activation and function was observed upon GITRL triggering. However, platelet coating of tumor cells inhibited NK cell cytotoxicity and IFN-γ production that could partially be restored by blocking GITR on NK cells, thus indicating that platelet-derived GITRL mediates NK-inhibitory forward signaling via GITR. These data identify conferment of GITRL pseudoexpression to tumor cells by platelets as a mechanism by which platelets may alter tumor cell immunogenicity. Our data thus provide further evidence for the involvement of platelets in facilitating evasion of tumor cells from NK cell immune surveillance.
Donor B Cells in Transplants Augment Clonal Expansion and Survival of Pathogenic CD4+ T Cells That Mediate Autoimmune-like Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease
Authors: Young James S. , Wu Tao , Chen Yuhong , Zhao Dongchang , Liu Hongjun , Yi Tangsheng , Johnston Heather , Racine Jeremy , Li Xiaofan , Wang Audrey , Todorov Ivan , Zeng Defu 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
We reported that both donor CD4+ T and B cells in transplants were required for induction of an autoimmune-like chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) in a murine model of DBA/2 donor to BALB/c recipient, but mechanisms whereby donor B cells augment cGVHD pathogenesis remain unknown. In this study, we report that, although donor B cells have little impact on acute GVHD severity, they play an important role in augmenting the persistence of tissue damage in the acute and chronic GVHD overlapping target organs (i.e., skin and lung); they also markedly augment damage in a prototypical cGVHD target organ, the salivary gland. During cGVHD pathogenesis, donor B cells are activated by donor CD4+ T cells to upregulate MHC II and costimulatory molecules. Acting as efficient APCs, donor B cells augment donor CD4+ T clonal expansion, autoreactivity, IL-7Rα expression, and survival. These qualitative changes markedly augment donor CD4+ T cells’ capacity in mediating autoimmune-like cGVHD, so that they mediate disease in the absence of donor B cells in secondary recipients. Therefore, a major mechanism whereby donor B cells augment cGVHD is through augmenting the clonal expansion, differentiation, and survival of pathogenic CD4+ T cells.
Quantitation of HER2/neu Expression in Primary Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinomas Using Conventional Light Microscopy and Quantitative Image Analysis
Authors: Jeung Jennifer , Patel Roshan , Vila Lizette , Wakefield Dara , Liu Chen 
Published: May 2012

Context.—Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu) is overexpressed in a proportion of gastroesophageal (GE) adenocarcinomas, and trastuzumab treatment results in significant improvement in overall survival in patients with HER2/neu-overexpressing GE tumors. Grading of HER2/neu expression in GE tumors and its clinical application is different from that of breast cancer. HER2/neu immunohistochemistry (IHC) image analysis (IA), widely used in breast cancer, has not been studied in GE tumors.Objective.—To evaluate the correlation between manual HER2/neu IHC scoring and HER2/neu IHC image analysis in GE adenocarcinomas with characterization of associated clinicopathologic features.Design.—Tumor grade, growth pattern, and stage were evaluated in 116 cases of primary GE adenocarcinoma biopsy and resection specimens. Using anti-HER2/neu antibody and the proposed HER2/neu scoring system for gastric cancer, HER2/neu IHC expression was recorded after manual scoring and automated IA interpretation.Results.—HER2/neu overexpression (IHC 3+) was detected in 19% (10 of 54) of gastric tumors, and overall correlation between manual HER2/neu IHC interpretation and IA interpretation was 78% (42 of 54). HER2/neu overexpression (IHC 3+) was detected in 26% (16 of 62) of GE junction tumors, and the overall correlation between manual HER2/neu IHC interpretation and IA interpretation was 84% (52 of 62).Conclusions.—The HER2/neu IHC scoring system for GE adenocarcinomas differs from that of breast carcinoma. Automated IA, validated for scoring of HER2/neu IHC in breast cancer, has a low correlation between HER2/neu IHC 2+ and IHC 3+ cases scored by conventional light microscopy and cannot be reliably used in the interpretation of HER2/neu IHC expression in GE adenocarcinomas.
Transgene-Free Disease-Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Patients with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Kudva Yogish C. , Ohmine Seiga , Greder Lucas V. , Dutton James R. , Armstrong Adam , De Lamo Josep Genebriera , Khan Yulia Krotova , Thatava Tayaramma , Hasegawa Mamoru , Fusaki Noemi , Slack Jonathan M.W. , Ikeda Yasuhiro 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
The induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology enables derivation of patient-specific pluripotent stem cells from adult somatic cells without using an embryonic cell source. Redifferentiation of iPSCs from diabetic patients into pancreatic islets will allow patient-specific disease modeling and autologous cell replacement therapy for failing islets. To date, diabetes-specific iPSCs have been generated from patients with type 1 diabetes using integrating retroviral vectors. However, vector integration into the host genome could compromise the biosafety and differentiation propensities of derived iPSCs. Although various integration-free reprogramming systems have been described, their utility to reprogram somatic cells from patients remains largely undetermined. Here, we used nonintegrating Sendai viral vectors to reprogram cells from patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Sendai vector infection led to reproducible generation of genomic modification-free iPSCs (SV-iPSCs) from patients with diabetes, including an 85-year-old individual with T2D. SV-iPSCs lost the Sendai viral genome and antigens within 8–12 passages while maintaining pluripotency. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis of SV-iPSCs revealed induction of endogenous pluripotency genes and downregulation of genes involved in the oxidative stress response and the INK4/ARF pathways, including p16INK4a, p15INK4b, and p21CIP1. SV-iPSCs and iPSCs made with integrating lentiviral vectors demonstrated remarkable similarities in global gene expression profiles. Thus, the Sendai vector system facilitates reliable reprogramming of patient cells into transgene-free iPSCs, providing a pluripotent platform for personalized diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for diabetes and diabetes-associated complications.
Chronic rhinosinusitis and occupational risk factors among 20‐ to 75‐year‐old Danes—A GA2LEN‐based study
Authors: Thilsing Trine , Rasmussen Jesper , Lange Bibi , Kjeldsen Anette D. , Al‐Kalemji Abir , Baelum Jesper 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackgroundVery little is known about occupational risk factors for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The aim of this study was to evaluate occupational and other potential risk factors for CRS in a Danish population.MethodsA cross sectional survey study among 4,554 Danes aged 20–75 years evaluated self‐reported symptoms of CRS, asthma, and nasal allergy, along with information on smoking habits and occupation.ResultsA total of 3,099 returned completed questionnaires (response rate 68.1%). The overall CRS prevalence was 7.8% with no significant differences related to age or gender. Risk ratio estimates revealed an increased risk of CRS among female blue collar workers compared to female white collar workers. Among men the effect of occupation depended on smoking status. Occupational exposure to gasses, fumes, dust, or smoke increased the overall risk of CRS. CRS was reported approximately four times as often in subjects with asthma and in subjects with nasal allergy. Current smoking doubled the CRS prevalence.ConclusionsCRS prevalence was affected by occupation (blue vs. white collar), but the observed effect depended on gender and smoking status. Exposure to airway irritants (occupational or smoking) increased the CRS prevalence. Studies on larger cohorts are needed to fully assess these tendencies, for example, by more extensive use of Job Exposure Matrix models. Am. J. Ind. Med. 55:1037–1043, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An embodied approach to arthropod animation
Authors: Cenydd Llyr ap , Teahan Bill 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTWe describe a system for dynamically animating the locomotive behaviour of arthropods (insects, spiders and numerous other species) in real‐time, facilitating realistic and autonomous traversal across an arbitrary environment. By combining a decentralised reactive behavioural model with a hybrid approach to motion that utilises the comparative advantages of physical simulation and kinematic control, our system is capable of automatically generating complex organic motion over a wide range of surface features, independent of structural complexity. The reactive embodiment of the creature, combined with the physical simulation of the virtual world enables the formation of emergent behaviours that are entirely based on circumstance, including rigid‐body interaction, grip recovery and adaptive wall climbing. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient modeling of numerous trees by introducing growth volume for real‐time virtual ecosystems
Authors: Kim Jinmo , Cho Hyungje 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTThis study suggests a growth volume system for the efficient modeling of numerous trees for a real‐time virtual ecosystem. To increase the efficiency of the real‐time system and to allow natural tree generation, the basic tree modeling system obtains its growth rule by means of botany‐based self‐organizing under a recursive hierarchy structure. On the basis of this rule, growth volume was introduced and controlled to generate numerous trees in a virtual ecosystem more intuitively, which allows the generation of various trees. The reality of the expression was increased by including the effects of external factors, such as light, physical obstacles, and other trees. Finally, an instancing‐based branch control procedure was added to enable an efficient rendering of the real‐time ecosystem. Experiments were performed to verify whether various and natural trees could be generated and numerous trees in the virtual ecosystem can be easily modeled on the basis of the suggested growth volume, which shows the efficiency of the real‐time ecosystem. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A blendshape model that incorporates physical interaction
Authors: Ma Wan‐Chun , Wang Yi‐Hua , Fyffe Graham , Chen Bing‐Yu , Debevec Paul 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTThe linear blendshape technique has been intensively used for computer animation and games because of its simplicity and effectiveness. However, it cannot describe rotational deformations and deformations because of self collision or scene interaction. In this paper, we present a new technique to address these two major limitations by introducing physical‐based simulation to blendshapes. The proposed technique begins by constructing a mass–spring system for each blendshape target. Each system is initialized in its steady state by setting the rest length of each spring as the edge length of the corresponding target. To begin shape interpolation, we linearly interpolate the rest lengths of the springs according to a given interpolation factor α ∈ [0,1]. The interpolated shape is then generated by computing the equilibrium of the mass–spring system with the interpolated rest lengths. Results from our technique show physically plausible deformations even in the case of large rotations between blendshape targets. In addition, the new blendshape model is able to interact with other scene elements by introducing collision detection and handling to the mass–spring system. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.