bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DFT investigation on mechanism of dirhodium tetracarboxylate-catalyzed O-H insertion of diazo compounds with H2O
Authors: Liu Zhenfeng , Liu Jianyong 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
The mechanism of the dirhodium tetracarboxylate-catalyzed O-H insertion reaction of diazomethane and methyl diazoacetate with H2O has been studied in detail using DFT calculations. The rhodium catalyst and a diazo compound couple to form a rhodiumcarbene complex. Of two reaction pathways of the Rh(II)-carbene complex with H2O, the stepwise pathway is more preferable than the concerted one. Formation of a Rh(II) complex-associated oxonium ylide is an exothermal process, and direct decomposition of the ylide gives a very high barrier. The high barriers for the 1,2-H shift of Rh(II) complex-associated oxonium ylides make the ylides become stable intermediates in both reactions, especially for the reactions in solution. Difficulty in formation of a free oxonium ylide supports experimental results, indicating that the Rh(II) complex-catalyzed nucleophilic addition of a diazo compound proceeds via a Rh(II) complex-associated oxonium ylide rather than via a free oxonium ylide.
Simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of phenanthridine, phenanthridinone and phenanthridine N-oxide using multivariate calibration methods
Authors: Sorouraddin Mohammad-Hossein , Amini Kaveh , Naseri Abdolhossein , Rashidi Mohammad-Reza 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
The multivariate calibration methods, partial least squares (PLS) and principle component regression (PCR) have been used to determine phenanthridine, phenanthridinone and phenanthridine N-oxide in spiked human plasma samples. Resolution of binary and ternary mixtures of analytes with minimum sample pre-treatment and without analyte separation has been successfully achieved analyzing the UV spectral data. The net analyte signal (NAS) concept was also used to calculate multivariate analytical figures of merit such as limit of detection, selectivity and sensitivity. The simultaneous determination of three analytes was possible by PLS and PCR processing of sample absorbance in the 210–355 nm region. Good recoveries were obtained for both synthetic mixtures and spiked human plasma samples.
Comparison of pressurised fluid and ultrasonic extraction methods for analysis of plant antioxidants and their antioxidant capacity
Authors: Dobiáš Petr , Pavlíková Petra , Adam Martin , Eisner Aleš , Beňová Blanka , Ventura Karel 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
The analytical method based on the high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with UV detection (HPLC/UV) for determination of selected antioxidants (i.e., esculetin, scopoletin, 7-hydroxycoumarine, rutin, xanthotoxin, 5-methoxypsoralen and quercetin) in plant material was developed. Pressurised fluid extraction (PFE) and ultrasonic extraction (USE) methods for the isolation of these compounds from ten real plant samples were used. Both extraction methods were optimised and compared to each other. For the proposed HPLC/UV method the LOQ values (limit of quantification) in the range from 22.7 (xanthotoxin) to 97.2 ng mL−1 (rutin) were obtained. For all extracts the antioxidant capacity based on the reduction of free 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) was also determined. Results ranged from 82.04 to 94.43% of DPPH radical inhibition for PFE method and from 76.01 to 89.94% in the case of USE method.
Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of a series of optically active quaternary ammonium salts derived from phenylalanine
Authors: Lukáč Miloš , Lacko Ivan , Bukovský Marián , Kyselová Zuzana , Karlovská Janka , Horváth Branislav , Devínsky Ferdinand 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
We synthesized nine quaternary ammonium compounds (QUATs) starting from phenylalanine, N-alkyl-N,N-dimethyl-(1-hydroxy-3-phenylpropyl)-2-ammonium bromides, which were prepared as optically pure substances. Five compounds were prepared as S-enantiomers and four compounds as R-enantiomers. These compounds were evaluated by their activities against bacteria and fungi. Three microbial strains were used in the study: the gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli, the gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and the fungi Candida albicans. The activities were expressed as minimum bactericidal or fungicidal concentrations (MBC). The most active compounds were (2S)-N-tetradecyl-N,N-dimethyl-(1-hydroxy-3-phenylpropyl)-2-ammonium bromide and (2R)-N-tetradecyl-N,N-dimethyl-(1-hydroxy-3-phenylpropyl)-2-ammonium bromide, with MBC values exceeding those of commercial benzalkoniumbromide (BAB) used as standard. The relationships between structure and biological activity of the tested QUATs were quantified by the bilinear model (QSAR) and are discussed.
Standardization of Joint Examination Technique Leads to a Significant Decrease in Variability Among Different Examiners
Authors: GRUNKE MATHIAS , ANTONI CHRISTIAN E. , KAVANAUGH ARTHUR , HILDEBRAND VERENA , DECHANT CLAUDIA , SCHETT GEORG , MANGER BERNHARD , RONNEBERGER MONIKA 
Published: February 2010

Objective.To reduce the amount of variability among assessors, we conducted joint examination standardization seminars in conjunction with multicenter clinical trials for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The examination techniques used were based on the recommendations of the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR).Methods.To evaluate the effect of standardization, participants at the seminars examined a given patient with RA before and after they were made familiar with the EULAR examination technique. The number of tender and swollen joints as well as the variance among the examiners before and after the training were compared. Joints were rated positive or negative for tenderness and swelling without grading.Results.Overall, 553 individuals from a variety of countries in Europe, North America, Asia, and Australia participated. Examiners included different kinds of health professionals, mainly physicians and nurses. We found a substantial variance among examiners before the training in the standardized method. This variance could be significantly reduced by the training. We also found that the number of joints considered active was markedly reduced after the training.Conclusion.Standardized joint examination training significantly reduces variability among different assessors.
Splicing of Distant Peptide Fragments Occurs in the Proteasome by Transpeptidation and Produces the Spliced Antigenic Peptide Derived from Fibroblast Growth Factor-5
Authors: Dalet Alexandre , Vigneron Nathalie , Stroobant Vincent , Hanada Ken-ichi , Van den Eynde Benoît J. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Peptide splicing is a newly described mode of production of antigenic peptides presented by MHC class I molecules, whereby two noncontiguous fragments of the parental protein are joined together after excision of the intervening segment. Three spliced peptides have been described. In two cases, splicing involved the excision of a short intervening segment of 4 or 6 aa and was shown to occur in the proteasome by transpeptidation resulting from the nucleophilic attack of an acyl-enzyme intermediate by the N terminus of the other peptide fragment. For the third peptide, which is derived from fibroblast growth factor-5 (FGF-5), the splicing mechanism remains unknown. In this case, the intervening segment is 40 aa long. This much greater length made the transpeptidation model more difficult to envision. Therefore, we evaluated the role of the proteasome in the splicing of this peptide. We observed that the spliced FGF-5 peptide was produced in vitro after incubation of proteasomes with a 49-aa-long precursor peptide. We evaluated the catalytic mechanism by incubating proteasomes with various precursor peptides. The results confirmed the transpeptidation model of splicing. By transfecting a series of mutant FGF-5 constructs, we observed that reducing the length of the intervening segment increased the production of the spliced peptide, as predicted by the transpeptidation model. Finally, we observed that trans-splicing (i.e., splicing of fragments from two distinct proteins) can occur in the cell, but with a much lower efficacy than splicing of fragments from the same protein.
SHIP Is Required for Dendritic Cell Maturation
Authors: Antignano Frann , Ibaraki Mariko , Kim Connie , Ruschmann Jens , Zhang Angela , Helgason Cheryl D. , Krystal Gerald 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Although several groups have investigated the role of SHIP in macrophage (Mϕ) development and function, SHIP’s contribution to the generation, maturation, and innate immune activation of dendritic cells (DCs) is poorly understood. We show herein that SHIP negatively regulates the generation of DCs from bone marrow precursors in vitro and in vivo, as illustrated by the enhanced expansion of DCs from SHIP−/− GM-CSF cultures, as well as increased numbers of DCs in the spleens of SHIP-deficient mice. Interestingly, however, these SHIP−/− DCs display a relatively immature phenotype and secrete substantially lower levels of IL-12 after TLR ligand stimulation than wild type DCs. This, in turn, leads to a dramatically reduced stimulation of Ag-specific T cell proliferation and Th1 cell responses in vitro and in vivo. This immature phenotype of SHIP−/− DCs could be reversed with the PI3K inhibitors LY294002 and wortmannin, suggesting that SHIP promotes DC maturation by reducing the levels of the PI3K second messenger phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate. These results are consistent with SHIP being a negative regulator of GM-CSF–derived DC generation but a positive regulator of GM-CSF–derived DC maturation and function.
Vγ9Vδ2 T Lymphocytes Efficiently Recognize and Kill Zoledronate-Sensitized, Imatinib-Sensitive, and Imatinib-Resistant Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Cells
Authors: D’Asaro Matilde , La Mendola Carmela , Di Liberto Diana , Orlando Valentina , Todaro Matilde , Spina Marisa , Guggino Giuliana , Meraviglia Serena , Caccamo Nadia , Messina Angelo , Salerno Alfredo , Di Raimondo Francesco , Vigneri Paolo , Stassi Giorgio , Fourniè Jean Jacques , Dieli Francesco 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Imatinib mesylate (imatinib), a competitive inhibitor of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase, is highly effective against chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cells. However, because 20–30% of patients affected by CML display either primary or secondary resistance to imatinib, intentional activation of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells by phosphoantigens or by agents that cause their accumulation within cells, such as zoledronate, may represent a promising strategy for the design of a novel and highly innovative immunotherapy capable to overcome imatinib resistance. In this study, we show that Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes recognize, trogocytose, and efficiently kill imatinib-sensitive and -resistant CML cell lines pretreated with zoledronate. Vγ9Vδ2 T cell cytotoxicity was largely dependent on the granule exocytosis- and partly on TRAIL-mediated pathways, was TCR-mediated, and required isoprenoid biosynthesis by zoledronate-treated CML cells. Importantly, Vγ9Vδ2 T cells from patients with CML can be induced by zoledronate to develop antitumor activity against autologous and allogeneic zoledronate-treated leukemia cells, both in vitro and when transferred into immunodeficient mice in vivo. We conclude that intentional activation of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells by zoledronate may substantially increase their antileukemia activities and represent a novel strategy for CML immunotherapy.
Synthesis and characterization of heptacyclic laddersiloxanes and ladder polysilsesquioxane
Authors: Chang Shengho , Matsumoto Tomoe , Matsumoto Hideyuki , Unno Masafumi 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAs a continuation of our previous studies on thermostable materials, heptacyclic laddersiloxanes and ladder polysilsesquioxane were synthesized. The first heptacyclic laddersiloxanes were obtained by chlorination of pentacyclic laddersiloxanes prepared using our stereocontrolled synthesis procedure; thereafter, the heptacyclic laddersiloxanes were made to react with disiloxanediol. Ladder polysilsesquioxane was obtained from cis–trans–cis‐tetrabromotetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane by spontaneous hydrolysis and dehydration. The spectral and thermal properties of these new compounds were investigated. It was observed that the thermal stability of these compounds increases with the ring number. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On multidimensional convolutional codes and controllability properties of multidimensional systems over finite rings
Authors: Zerz Eva 
Published: February 2010

AbstractUsing the behavior‐code duality pointed out by Rosenthal et al., we study the relations between certain desirable features of a code and the corresponding controllability properties of its behavior. Module‐theoretic characterizations are provided as well. The coefficients of the codes and behaviors are taken to be integers modulo m, where m is not necessarily prime. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Animal models of early life stress: Implications for understanding resilience
Authors: Lyons David M. , Parker Karen J. , Schatzberg Alan F. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn the mid‐1950s, Levine and his colleagues reported that brief intermittent exposure to early life stress diminished indications of subsequent emotionality in rats. Here we review ongoing studies of a similar process in squirrel monkeys. Results from these animal models suggest that brief intermittent exposure to stress promotes the development of arousal regulation and resilience. Implications for programs designed to enhance resilience in human development are discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 52: 402–410, 2010.
Effects of postweaning social and physical deprivation on locomotor activity patterns and explorative behavior in female CD‐1 mice
Authors: Haupt Moritz , Schaefers Andrea T.U. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractSocial and physical deprivation during adolescence has detrimental consequences for brain maturation and cognitive functions. To test the hypothesis that social and physical deprivation during mouse adolescence would disrupt activity and exploration behavior, we exposed mice either to deprived or enriched rearing (postnatal days 21–60) and assessed activity and exploration of adult mice individually or in mixed treatment groups. In automated group compartments, deprived‐reared mice displayed higher locomotor activity, reduced explorative behavior and shifted activity timing compared to enriched‐reared mice. Contrastingly, distance and timing of wheel running were largely unaffected by deprived rearing. Our results demonstrate that postweaning social and physical deprivation has measurable effects on mouse locomotor and exploratory behavior, and that such effects may be discernable depending on the activity type studied. Our results further emphasize the importance of the sensitive postweaning period for shaping adult behavioral profiles. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 52: 383–393, 2010.
Translating models of antisocial behavioral development into efficacious intervention policy to prevent adolescent violence
Authors: Dodge Kenneth A. , McCourt Sandra N. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAdolescent chronic antisocial behavior is costly but concentrated in a relatively small number of individuals. The search for effective preventive interventions draws from empirical findings of three kinds of gene‐by‐environment interactions: (1) parenting behaviors mute the impact of genes; (2) genes alter the impact of traumatic environmental experiences such as physical abuse and peer social rejection; and (3) individuals and environments influence each other in a dynamic developmental cascade. Thus, environmental interventions that focus on high‐risk youth may prove effective. The Fast Track intervention and randomized controlled trial are described. The intervention is a 10‐year series of efforts to produce proximal change in parenting, peer relations, social cognition, and academic performance in order to lead to distal prevention of adolescent conduct disorder. Findings indicate that conduct disorder cases can be prevented, but only in the highest risk group of children. Implications for policy are discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 52: 277–285, 2010
Mitochondria as a target in treatment
Authors: Frantz Marie‐Céline , Wipf Peter 
Published: February 2010

AbstractMitochondria are key organelles that perform essential cellular functions and play pivotal roles in cell death and survival signaling. Hence, they represent an attractive target for drugs to treat metabolic, degenerative, and hyperproliferative diseases. Targeting mitochondria with organelle‐specific agents or prodrugs has proven to be an effective therapeutic strategy. More specifically, controlling the cellular ROS balance via selective delivery of an antioxidant “payload” into mitochondria is an elegant emerging therapeutic concept. Herein, we review the recent medicinal chemistry and clinical data of these exploratory strategies, which should point the way for future generations of therapeutics. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prognostic importance of “clear versus revised margins” in oral and pharyngeal cancer
Authors: Kwok Pingling , Gleich Otto , Hübner Gerhard , Strutz Jürgen 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackground.Opinions differ regarding the usefulness of accurate, but costly, frozen sections. Most physicians believe that negative margins are essential for the prognosis of patients with oral and pharyngeal cancer. We examined whether immediate repeated resections in patients with positive margins, based on findings from frozen sections, resulted in improved patient survival.Methods.Data from 417 patients identified with cancer of the pharynx and floor of the mouth were analyzed retrospectively.Results.The 5‐year survival rate for R0 and R1–R0 groups was 72% to 76% and was significantly better (p ≤ .034) than that for R1 and R2 groups (58%, 40%). Despite clear margins, large tumors had a poorer prognosis than that of small tumors.Conclusions.Patients receiving repeated resection had the same survival rate as patients who had the tumor resected immediately with negative margins. The use of frozen sections yields a benefit for 15.6% of the operated patients and increases the overall 5‐year survival rate by 2% to 3%. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Toxic effects of ethanol on bovine serum albumin
Authors: Liu Rutao , Qin Pengfei , Wang Li , Zhao Xingchen , Liu Yihong , Hao Xiaopeng 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe toxic effects of ethanol on bovine serum albumin (BSA) were measured by resonance light scattering (RLS), fluorescence spectroscopy, ultraviolet spectrophotometry (UV), circular dichroism (CD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results indicated that ethanol had toxic effects on BSA, which led to protein denaturation and the effects increased with the ethanol dose. By means of RLS, BSA was found to aggregate in the presence of ethanol and particles smaller than 100 nm were observed from TEM. The fluorescence spectra showed that the intensity of the characteristic peak of BSA decreased and blue shifted, because of changes in the BSA skeleton structure, as well as alteration of the microenvironment of tryptophan (Trp) residues. The conformation changes of BSA were also shown by UV and CD spectrometry. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 24:66–71, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20314
Grape seed proanthocyanidins attenuate vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation via blocking phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase‐dependent signaling pathways
Authors: Wang Lang , Zhu Li‐Hua , Jiang Hong , Tang Qi‐Zhu , Yan Ling , Wang Dong , Liu Chen , Bian Zhou‐Yan , Li Hongliang 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe excess generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) play important role in the development and progression of diabetes and related vascular complications. Therefore, blocking the production of ROS will be able to improve hyperglycemia‐induced vascular dysfunction. The objective of this study was to determine whether a novel IH636 grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPs) could protect against hyperproliferation of cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) induced by high glucose (HG) and determine the related molecular mechanisms. Our data demonstrated that GSPs markedly inhibited rat VSMCs proliferation as well as ROS generation and NAPDH oxidase activity induced by HG treatment. Further studies revealed that HG treatment resulted in phosphorylation and membrane translocation of Rac1, p47phox, and p67phox subunits leading to NADPH oxidase activation. GSPs treatment remarkably disrupted the phosphorylation and membrane translocation of Rac1, p47phox, and p67phox subunits. More importantly, our data further revealed that GSPs significantly disrupted HG‐induced activation of ERK1/2, JNK1/2, and PI3K/AKT/GSK3β as well as NF‐κB signalings, which were dependent on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and Rac1 activation. In addition, our results also demonstrated that HG‐induced cell proliferation and excess ROS production was dependent on the activation of PI3 kinase subunit p110α. Collectively, these results suggest that HG‐induced VSMC growth was attenuated by grape seed proanthocyanidin (GSPs) treatment through blocking PI3 kinase‐dependent signaling pathway, indicating that GSPs may be useful in retarding intimal hyperplasia and restenosis in diabetic vessels. J. Cell. Physiol. 223:713–726, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nonprofit mergers: Assessing the motivations and means
Authors: Pietroburgo Julie , Wernet Stephen P. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAs nonprofit organizations seek to remain viable in an increasingly competitive environment, merger is an attractive (albeit complicated) option. This case study of the largest nonprofit association merger in U.S. history, involving three bowling associations, demonstrates the critical role of leadership in consummating a merger. The case illustrates a number of factors necessary to merger success: existence of a catalyst leader and a nucleus of like‐minded individuals who can serve as the impetus for change, sufficient time to accommodate the psychological and practical aspects of merging, opportunities for building social capital among the people involved in the merger, and preservation of cultural remnants that are carried over from the predecessor organizations to the newly merged entity.
Raman study of Fano interference in p‐type doped silicon
Authors: Burke Brian G. , Chan Jack , Williams Keith A. , Wu Zili , Puretzky Alexander A. , Geohegan David B. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAs the silicon industry continues to push the limits of device dimensions, tools such as Raman spectroscopy are ideal to analyze and characterize the doped silicon channels. The effect of inter‐valence band transitions on the zone center optical phonon in heavily p‐type doped silicon is studied by Raman spectroscopy for a wide range of excitation wavelengths extending from the red (632.8 nm) into the ultra‐violet (325 nm). The asymmetry in the one‐phonon Raman lineshape is attributed to a Fano interference involving the overlap of a continuum of electronic excitations with a discrete phonon state. We identify a transition above and below the one‐dimensional critical point (E = 3.4 eV) in the electronic excitation spectrum of silicon. The relationship between the anisotropic silicon band structure and the penetration depth is discussed in the context of possible device applications. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.