bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization and Authentication of Significant Chinese Edible Oilseed Oils by Stable Carbon Isotope Analysis
Authors: Guo Lian‐Xian , Xu Xiao‐Ming , Yuan Jian‐Ping , Wu Chou‐Fei , Wang Jiang‐Hai 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe ratios of stable carbon isotopes (δ13C) of 12 oils extracted from Chinese edible oilseed samples and their individual fatty acids were determined by elemental analysis‐isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA‐IRMS) and gas chromatography‐isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC‐IRMS). The results have demonstrated that the δ13C ratios of the oils from C3‐plant seeds range from −26.8 to −30.7‰, while the δ13C ratios of C4‐plant maize oil are in the interval of −14.1 to −16.2‰. Eighteen fatty acids were identified and their abundances were measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) in these oils with C16:0, C18:0, C18:1 and C18:2 as the major constituents. From the data on fatty acids and stable carbon isotopes, several sensitive markers were developed to detect the adulteration of Chinese edible oilseed oils. Examples are provided with pre‐blended samples to illustrate the discrimination procedures and corresponding sensitive markers with emphasis on camellia seed oil, flax seed oil and perilla seed oil.
Objective compliance of adolescent girls with idiopathic scoliosis in a dynamic SpineCor brace
Authors: Hasler Carol C. , Wietlisbach Stephanie , Büchler Philippe 
Published: March 2010

Purpose Dynamic SpineCor was designed to overcome the disadvantages of rigid orthoses—bulkiness, physical constraint and warming—and to improve the acceptance and compliance as limiting factors of brace treatment. Those theoretical benefits have not been proved by compliance studies yet. Methods SpineCor braces of 12 adolescent scoliotic girls were equipped with flexible temperature loggers, which were sandwiched between gel foam and the brace's pelvic base. Patients and parents were blinded for the observation period of 14 days and gave post-hoc consent. The logger yielded 672 time-stamped values at 30-min intervals. Pilot testing revealed values beyond the 30°C threshold as indicative for brace wear. Results The average overall compliance (% wearing hours/prescribed 23 h) was 54% ± 22.3 (range, 11.8–95.8%). The youngest patients (aged 10–12 years) were significantly more compliant than the others ( P < 0.05). Most patients had a scattered wearing pattern: one was a day-wearer, one a night-wearer and only the two high adherers showed a consistent daily pattern. There was no significant difference between weekdays, weekdays and weekends, nor between day and night wear. Conclusion The current study showed that the compliance of patients in a dynamic SpineCor is as limited as in a conventional brace. This is in line with earlier data on patients’ SpineCor and rigid brace acceptance evaluated by a questionnaire and on temperature logging in rigid braces.
Between Normality and Uniqueness: Unwrapping the Enigma of Japanese Security Policy Decision-Making
Authors: HOWE BRENDAN 
Published: March 2010

AbstractTo many observers Japanese decision-making is an enigma that defies conventional analysis. Neither the traditional rational actor model of decision-making, nor alternative pluralist models proposed for the analysis of Western democracies fit the Japanese case. As a result Japanese security policy decision-making is described as ‘reactive’ or even non-existent. Likewise, the anomaly of Japanese decision-making is ultimately predicted to be resolved through a process of ‘normalization’ whereby Japanese policy formation evolves into a form that does fit these models. However, this paper contends that the fact that Japan's security decision-making does not fit commonly-used models is due rather to the limitations of those models. Japan's security policy, like that of all states, is gradually evolving, but this does not mean that it is about to become just like the West. This paper addresses how a conjuncture of external factors and internal factors has stimulated important changes in Japanese security policy-making which are frequently missed or misinterpreted by observers. In order to understand Japanese security policy-making, and to chart its future course, a refined cybernetic approach is introduced.
Child-Centric Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and the Fragmentation of Child Welfare Practice in England
Authors: HALL CHRISTOPHER , PARTON NIGEL , PECKOVER SUE , WHITE SUE 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe ways in which government supports families and protects children are always a fine balance. In recent years, we suggest that this balance can be characterised increasingly as ‘child-centric’, less concerned with families and more focused on individual children and their needs. This article charts the changes in families and government responses over the last 40 years, and the way this is reflected in organisational and administrative arrangements. It notes in particular the impact on everyday practice of the introduction of information and communication technologies. Findings are reported from recent research which shows the struggles faced by practitioners who try to manage systems which separate children from their familial, social and relational contexts. As a consequence, we suggest, the work has become increasingly fragmented and less mindful of children's life within families. While the data and analysis draw on research carried out in England, we suggest that similar changes may be going on in other Western liberal democracies.
Risk factors for indigenousCampylobacter jejuniandCampylobacter coliinfections in The Netherlands: a case-control study
Authors: DOORDUYN Y. , VAN DEN BRANDHOF W. E. , VAN DUYNHOVEN Y. T. H. P. , BREUKINK B. J. , WAGENAAR J. A. , VAN PELT W. 
Published: March 2010

SUMMARYA case-control study comprising 1315Campylobacter jejunicases, 121Campylobacter colicases and 3409 frequency-matched controls was conducted in The Netherlands in 2002–2003. Risk factors for bothC. jejuniandC. colienteritis were consumption of undercooked meat and barbecued meat, ownership of cats and use of proton pump inhibitors. Consumption of chicken was a predominant risk factor forC. jejunienteritis, but many additional risk factors were identified. Unique risk factors forC. coliinfections were consumption of game and tripe, and swimming. Contact with farm animals and persons with gastroenteritis were predominant risk factors forC. jejunienteritis in young children (0–4 years). Important risk factors for the elderly (⩾60 years) were eating in a restaurant, use of proton pump inhibitors and having a chronic intestinal illness. Consumption of chicken in spring, steak tartare in autumn and winter and barbecued meat in rural areas showed strong associations withC. jejuniinfections. This study illustrates that important differences in risk factors exist for differentCampylobacterspp. and these may differ dependent on age, season or degree of urbanization.
Pioneers in Optics: Louis Daguerre and George Eastman
Authors: Davidson Michael W. 
Published: March 2010

Born near Paris, France on November 18, 1787, Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre was to become both a painter and the inventor of the first successful form of photography. Originally trained as an architect, Daguerre later became a pupil of E. M. Degotti at the Paris Opera and a thriving scene painter. In 1822, working with Charles Boulton, Daguerre helped develop the Diorama, a Paris illusionistic exhibition that contained paintings on large translucent screens, which seemed to come to life with skillful light manipulation.From humble beginnings, George Eastman revolutionized the field of photography by simplifying the process and making it accessible to the masses. The youngest of three children, Eastman was born in Waterville, New York on July 12, 1854. His family moved to Rochester when he was still a young child so his father, George Washington Eastman, could establish a business school. However, his father died in 1862 and the institution failed.
Prevalence of USA300 Strain Type of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Patients with Nasal Colonization Identified with Active Surveillance
Authors: Freitas Eduardo A. F. , Harris Rebecca M. , Blake Ruth K. , Salgado Cassandra D. 
Published: March 2010

Background.USA300 is the most prevalent strain type of community-acquired methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA), but the proportion of patients colonized with USA300 strains and their risk for infection are largely unknown.Objective.To determine the prevalence of USA300 strains among MRSA nasal colonizing isolates in our hospital, to identify risks for USA300 nasal colonization, and to determine risks of developing infection for nasally colonized patients.Methods.Retrospective cohort study of patients found to be nasally colonized with MRSA through active surveillance at a tertiary care hospital from January 2005 through December 2007. MRSA isolates were identified as USA300 or non-USA300. Risks for colonization and infection were identified with logistic regression.Results.Among 1,306 MRSA nasal isolates, 307 (24%) were USA300 strains, and this proportion significantly increased over time (17.4% in 2005 and 26.7% in 2007;P= .003). African American race was an independent risk for USA300 nasal colonization (odds ratio [OR], 1.81 [95% confidence ratio {CI}, 1.38-2.38]). Older age (OR, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.96-0.98]) and female sex (OR, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.56-0.97]) decreased risk. Among nasally colonized patients, 238 (18.2%) developed infection. Increased length of stay (OR, 1.03 [95% CI, 1.01-1.06]) independently increased risk for infection among patients nasally colonized with USA300 MRSA, and female sex decreased risk (OR, 0.48 [95% CI, 0.24-0.95]). Increased length of stay (OR, 1.03 [95% CI, 1.02-1.04]) and treatment in an intensive care unit (OR, 1.64 [95% CI, 1.10-2.44]) independently increased risk for infection among patients nasally colonized with non-USA300 MRSA, and female sex decreased risk (OR, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.47-0.94]).Conclusion.The proportion of MRSA nasally colonized patients with USA300 strains significantly increased during the study, and risks included African American race. Strain type had no significant effect on the proportion of patients who developed infection, and risk factors for infection were similar.
Bayesian assessment of uncertainty in metrology: a tutorial
Authors: Lira I , Grientschnig D 
Published: March 2010

The publication of theGuide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement(GUM), and later of its Supplement 1, can be considered to be landmarks in the field of metrology. The second of these documents recommends a general Monte Carlo method for numerically constructing the probability distribution of a measurand given the probability distributions of its input quantities. The output probability distribution can be used to estimate the fixed value of the measurand and to calculate the limits of an interval wherein that value is expected to be found with a given probability. The approach in Supplement 1 is not restricted to linear or linearized models (as is the GUM) but it is limited to a single measurand.In this paper the theory underlying Supplement 1 is re-examined with a view to covering explicit or implicit measurement models that may include any number of output quantities. It is shown that the main elements of the theory are Bayes' theorem, the principles of probability calculus and the rules for constructing prior probability distributions. The focus is on developing an analytical expression for the joint probability distribution of all quantities involved. In practice, most times this expression will have to be integrated numerically to obtain the distribution of the output quantities, but not necessarily by using the Monte Carlo method. It is stressed that all quantities are assumed to have unique values, so their probability distributions are to be interpreted as encoding states of knowledge that are (i) logically consistent with all available information and (ii) conditional on the correctness of the measurement model and on the validity of the statistical assumptions that are used to process the measurement data. A rigorous notation emphasizes this interpretation.
Preference Variable Impacts in Direct and Inverse Differential Demand Systems
Authors: Brown Mark G. , Lee Jonq-Ying 
Published: March 2010

AbstractPreference variables are included in the inverse Rotterdam model based on the Tintner‐Ichimura‐Basmann relationship linking preference effects on quantities demanded to price effects and preference effects on marginal utilities. Restrictions are placed on the effects of the preference variables on the marginal utilities, resulting in reductions in the parameter space for the preference variables in both direct and inverse demand systems. The model is used to analyze impacts of product quality on fresh citrus demand.
Localized motif discovery in gene regulatory sequences
Authors: Narang Vipin , Mittal Ankush , Sung Wing-Kin 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Motivation: Discovery of nucleotide motifs that are localized with respect to a certain biological landmark is important in several appli-cations, such as in regulatory sequences flanking the transcription start site, in the neighborhood of known transcription factor binding sites, and in transcription factor binding regions discovered by massively parallel sequencing (ChIP-Seq).
Results: We report an algorithm called LocalMotif to discover such localized motifs. The algorithm is based on a novel scoring function, called spatial confinement score, which can determine the exact interval of localization of a motif. This score is combined with other existing scoring measures including over-representation and relative entropy to determine the overall prominence of the motif. The approach successfully discovers biologically relevant motifs and their intervals of localization in scenarios where the motifs cannot be discovered by general motif finding tools. It is especially useful for discovering multiple co-localized motifs in a set of regulatory sequences, such as those identified by ChIP-Seq.
Availability and Implementation: The LocalMotif software is available at http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~bioinfo/LocalMotif
Contact: ksung@comp.nus.edu.sg
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Day–night differences in Cunene horse mackerel (Trachurus trecae) acoustic relative densities off Angola
Authors: Vaz Velho Filomena , Barros Pedro , Axelsen Bjørn Erik 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Vaz Velho, F., Barros, P., and Axelsen, B. E. 2010. Day–night differences in Cunene horse mackerel (Trachurus trecae) acoustic relative densities off Angola. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1004–1009. The assessment and the management of the Cunene horse mackerel in Angola rely heavily on abundance estimates from hydroacoustic surveys. Acoustic data collected from 1994 to 1999 were analysed to quantify diurnal variation in relative acoustic densities at 38 kHz. The nautical-area scattering coefficient (sA, m2 nautical mile−2) was characterized by clear day–night differences: sA values recorded during the day were significantly higher (mean sA: 135 m2 nautical mile−2) than the corresponding night-time values (mean sA 83 m2 nautical mile−2). This pattern is associated with differences in behaviour and horizontal and vertical distributions between day and night: by day, the fish school near the seabed, and by night, they move into the pelagic zone and disperse into widespread scattering layers. More than 40% of the total backscatter by day originated from the bottom 10 m, but at night this proportion decreased to <10%. The findings demonstrate considerable influences of behaviour and aggregation dynamics on acoustic measurements. Possible implications for the estimates of acoustic abundance are discussed in the light of the differences.
Establishment of an indicator cell system for hepatitis C virus
Authors: Tanaka Yoshinori , Mori Yoshio , Tani Hideki , Abe Takayuki , Moriishi Kohji , Kojima Hirotatsu , Nagano Tetsuo , Okabe Takayoshi , Suzuki Tetsuro , Tatsumi Masashi , Matsuura Yoshiharu 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTAlthough a cell culture system for HCV JFH‐1 strain has been developed, no robust cell culture system for serum‐derived HCV is available. In this study, we have established systems capable of monitoring infection with JFH‐1 virus based on specific reporter gene expression through proteolysis of chimeric transcription factors by HCV NS3/4A protease. We utilized a transcriptional factor Gal4‐TBP that synergistically enhances transcription of the GAL4UAS and HIV‐1 LTR tandem promoter with the Tat protein. We constructed chimeric Tat and Gal4‐TBP transcription factors containing the HCV NS3/4A cleavage sequence of a mitochondria‐resident IPS‐1, but not those of the HCV polyprotein, and manipulated them to localize in the ER. Upon infection with JFH‐1 virus, the transcription factors were efficiently cleaved by HCV protease, migrated into the nucleus and activated the reporter gene under the tandem promoter. Upon infection with JFH‐1 virus, the Huh7OK1/TG‐Luc cell line carrying the transcription factors and a luciferase gene under the promoter expressed luciferase in a dose‐dependent manner in close correlation with HCV RNA replication. Huh7OK1/TG‐LNGFR cells carrying the transcription factors and a cDNA of human low affinity nerve growth factor receptor under the promoter were selectively concentrated by immunomagnetic cell sorting upon infection with JFH‐1 virus. These results indicate that the chimeric constructs bearing the ER‐resident IPS‐1 sequence are specifically recognized and efficiently cleaved by HCV protease and are harnessed for detection of HCV replication and for recovery of HCV‐infected cells. This strategy may be applicable for the establishment of cell culture systems for the isolation of serum‐derived HCV.
BRCA1 and XRCC1 polymorphisms associated with survival in advanced gastric cancer treated with taxane and cisplatin
Authors: Shim Hyun Jeong , Yun Joo Young , Hwang Jun Eul , Bae Woo Kyun , Cho Sang Hee , Lee Ji Hee , Kim Hee Nam , Shin Min Ho , Kweon Sun Seog , Lee Jae Hyuk , Kim Hyeoung Joon , Chung Ik Joo 
Published: March 2010

This study evaluated the influence of genetic polymorphism influencing drug metabolism on survival in taxane‐ and cisplatin‐treated advanced gastric cancer (AGC). Peripheral blood samples from 207 AGC patients treated with first‐line chemotherapy of taxane and cisplatin were used. We investigated polymorphisms that influenced the metabolism of taxane (ATP‐binding cassette transporter B1 (ABCB1)), cisplatin (glutathione S‐transferase M1 (GSTM1), glutathione S‐transferase P1 (GSTP1), glutathione S‐transferase T1 (GSTT1), excision repair cross complementing 1 (ERCC1), X‐ray Cross Complementing group 3 (XRCC3), X‐ray Cross Complementing group 4 (XRCC4), X‐ray Cross Complementing group 1 (XRCC1), breast cancer (BRCA1)), and 5‐fluorouracil (methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), thymidylate synthase (TYMS)). A total of 207 patients were enrolled between May 2004 and Dec 2008, and 200 patients were analyzed. The overall response rate was 38.5%. Time to progression and overall survival time were 4.3 ± 0.19 months and 11.9 ± 1.05 months, respectively. There was no significant association between genetic polymorphism and response rate. However, the BRCA1 mutant TT homozygote was associated with significant prolongation of overall survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.20–0.92; P = 0.03) and progression‐free survival (HR = 0.51; 95% CI, 0.26–1.00; P = 0.05). Also, the XRCC1 194 CT genotype was associated with inferior overall survival, relative to the XRCC1 194 CC homozygotes (HR = 1.49; 95% CI, 0.11–2.07; P = 0.018).These findings suggest that BRCA1 TT and XRCC1 194 CT genotypes could be modest prognostic markers of AGC response in taxane‐ and cisplatin‐treated patients.(Cancer Sci 2010; 101: 1247–1254)
The epidemiology of cannabis use and cannabis‐related harm in Australia 1993–2007
Authors: Roxburgh Amanda , Hall Wayne D. , Degenhardt Louisa , McLaren Jennifer , Black Emma , Copeland Jan , Mattick Richard P. 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTAims To examine trends in patterns of cannabis use and related harm in the Australian population between 1993 and 2007.Design Analysis of prospectively collected data from: (1) the National Drug Strategy Household Survey (NDSHS) and Australian Secondary Student Alcohol and Drug Survey (ASSADS); (2) the National Hospital Morbidity Database (NHMD); and (3) the Alcohol and Other Drug Treatment Services National Minimum Dataset (AODTS‐NMDS).Participants Australians aged 14 years and over from the general population; students aged 12–17 years; public and private hospital in‐patients; public and private in‐patients and out‐patients attending for drug treatment.Measurement Prevalence of 12‐month cannabis use among the general population and secondary students. Proportions in the general population by age group reporting: daily cannabis use; difficulties in controlling cannabis use; and heavy cannabis use on each occasion. Number of hospital and treatment presentations for cannabis‐related problems.Findings Prevalence of past‐year cannabis use has declined in the Australian population since the late 1990s. Among those reporting past‐year use, daily use is prevalent among 40–49‐year‐olds, while heavy patterns of use are prevalent among 14–19‐year‐olds. Hospital presentations for cannabis‐related problems reflect similar trends. Past‐year cannabis use has decreased among the 10–19‐year age group, but those who are daily users in this age group report using large quantities of cannabis.Conclusions Despite declines in the prevalence of cannabis use, continued public health campaigns warning of the harms associated with cannabis use are essential, aimed particularly at users who are already experiencing problems. The increasing demand for treatment for cannabis problems in Australia suggests the need for more accessible and more effective interventions for cannabis use disorders.
Flashblood: blood sharing among female injecting drug users in Tanzania
Authors: McCurdy Sheryl A. , Ross Michael W. , Williams Mark L. , Kilonzo Gad P. , Leshabari Melkizedek T. 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTAims This study examined the association between the blood‐sharing practice of ‘flashblood’ use and demographic factors, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status and variables associated with risky sex and drug behaviors among female injecting drug users. Flashblood is a syringe‐full of blood passed from someone who has just injected heroin to someone else who injects it in lieu of heroin.Design A cross‐sectional study.Setting Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.Participants One hundred and sixty‐nine female injecting drug users (IDUs) were recruited using purposive sampling for hard‐to‐reach populations.Measurements The association between flashblood use, demographic and personal characteristics and risky sex and drug use variables was analyzed by t‐test and χ2 test. The association between flashblood use and residential neighborhood was mapped.Findings Flashblood users were more likely to: be married (P = 0.05), have lived in the current housing situation for a shorter time (P < 0.000), have been forced as a child to have sex by a family member (P = 0.007), inject heroin more in the last 30 days (P = 0.005), smoke marijuana at an earlier age (P = 0.04), use contaminated rinse‐water (P < 0.03), pool money for drugs (P < 0.03) and share drugs (P = 0.000). Non‐flashblood users were more likely to live with their parents (P = 0.003). Neighborhood flashblood use was highest near downtown and in the next two adjoining suburbs and lowest in the most distant suburbs.Conclusions These data indicate that more vulnerable women who are heavy users and living in shorter‐term housing are injecting flashblood. The practice of flashblood appears to be spreading from the inner city to the suburbs.