bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
E. Coli O157:H7 Population Reduction from Alfalfa Seeds with Malic Acid and Thiamine Dilauryl Sulfate and Quality Evaluation of the Resulting Sprouts
Authors: Fransisca Lilia , Park Hee Kyung , Feng Hao 
Published: February 2012

Abstract:  It has been reported that washing seeds with a 20000 ppm Ca(OCl)2 solution as recommended by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration is unable to eliminate E. coli cells attached to seed surfaces, and the bacterial cells that have survived a sanitation wash can proliferate during sprouting to a high population. The objectives of this research were to examine the efficacy of malic acid (MA) and thiamine dilauryl sulfate (TDS) combined treatments on the inactivation of E. coli O157:H7 on alfalfa seeds, to study the growth of the remaining E. coli cells during sprouting, and to evaluate the sprout quality. When 10 g of inoculated alfalfa seeds were washed in a 10% MA‐1% TDS solution, a complete elimination of E. coli was achieved. The same result was observed by washing the seeds in a 20000 ppm Ca(OCl)2 solution. However, when the seed size was increased to 50 g while maintaining the same seed‐to‐sanitizer ratio, both the MA + TDS and the 20000 ppm chlorine washes failed to completely inactivate the E. coli cells on the seeds. Nevertheless, the 10% MA‐1% TDS solution was significantly more effective in E. coli count reduction compared to the 20000 ppm chlorine wash. The E. coli O157:H7 cells remaining on the seeds after treatments with both sanitizers grew up to 7 to 8 log CFU/g sprout after 96 h of sprouting. Under the treatment conditions used in this study, none of the treatments resulted in significant differences in germination rate, yield, or quality of the sprouts.Practical Application:  The malic acid (MA) and thiamine dilauryl sulfate (TDS) combined treatment may provide a new solution to secure the microbial safety of seeds and sprouts. An important finding of this study is that seed sample size has a significant impact on the inactivation of E. coli O157:H7 on alfalfa seeds. The microbial inactivation results obtained in a laboratory set‐up cannot be directly applied to a large scale operation. A validation test on the large scale has to be performed to evaluate the efficacy of the sanitizer.
How Nurse Practitioners Make Decisions Regarding Coronary Heart Disease Risk: A Social Judgment Analysis
Authors: Stamp Kelly D. 
Published: February 2012

PURPOSE:  Understanding how nurse practitioners use clinical decision skills in practice has the potential to guide education programs to ensure safe, competent, and high quality advanced nursing practice. This study used the lens of social judgment theory to examine the clinical decision making of 60 nurse practitioners.METHODS:  A three‐group pretest–posttest comparison design was used to evaluate how much insight nurse practitioners had into their clinical decision‐making process.FINDINGS:  Nurse practitioners had modest insight into their clinical decision‐making process.CONCLUSION:  Self‐insight has implications for enhancing nurses' decision making, improving education, and fostering agreement among advanced practice nurses.IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE:  Self‐insight has implications for developing professional decision making and promoting appropriate educational opportunities for advanced practice nurses.
Monthly Diurnal Global Atmospheric Circuit Estimates Derived from Vostok Electric Field Measurements Adjusted for Local Meteorological and Solar Wind Influences
Authors: Burns G. B. , Tinsley B. A. , Frank-Kamenetsky A. V. , Troshichev O. A. , French W. J. R. , Klekociuk A. R. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Local temperature, wind speed, pressure, and solar wind–imposed influences on the vertical electric field observed at Vostok, Antarctica, are evaluated by multivariate analysis. Local meteorology can influence electric field measurements via local conductivity. The results are used to improve monthly diurnal averages of the electric field attributable to changes in the global convective storm contribution to the ionosphere-to-earth potential difference. Statistically significant average influences are found for temperature (−0.47 ± 0.13% V m−1 °C−1) and wind speed [2.1 ± 0.5% V m−1 (m s−1)−1]. Both associations are seasonally variable. After adjusting the electric field values to uniform meteorological conditions typical of the Antarctic plateau winter (−70°C, 4.4 m s−1, and 623 hPa), the sensitivity of the electric field to the solar wind external generator influence is found to be 0.80 ± 0.07 V m−1 kV−1. This compares with the sensitivity of 0.82 V m−1 kV−1 to the convective meteorology generator that is inferred assuming an average ionosphere-to-ground potential difference of 240 kV taken with the annual mean electric field value of 198 V m−1. Monthly means of the Vostok electric field corrected for the influence of both local meteorology and the solar wind show equinoctial (March and September) and July local maxima. The July mean electric field is greater than the December value by approximately 8%, consistent with a Northern Hemisphere summer maximum. The solar wind–imposed potential variations in the overhead ionosphere are evaluated for three models that fit satellite measurements of ionospheric potential changes to solar wind data. Correlations with Vostok electric field variations peak with a 23-min interpolated delay relative to solar wind changes at the magnetopause.
Mechanisms for Precipitation Enhancement in a North American Monsoon Upper-Tropospheric Trough
Authors: Newman Andrew , Johnson Richard H. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Tropical upper-tropospheric troughs (TUTTs), transient summertime disturbances over the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, are also observed to frequently occur in the North American monsoon (NAM) region. However, unlike TUTTs over the Pacific and Atlantic, which feature a predominance of precipitation on the eastern flank of the disturbances, TUTTs in the NAM region have been shown to enhance precipitation on their western flank as they pass over the mountains of northern Mexico. To investigate this phenomenon, convection-permitting simulations are performed over the core NAM region for the 12–14 July 2004 TUTT event that occurred during the North American Monsoon Experiment (NAME). The effects of the TUTT are isolated using an approach that removes the vorticity anomaly associated with it. Six simulations, three with the TUTT and three without it, are then executed.
It is found that the mean of the TUTT simulations has increased surface–500-hPa and 700–400-hPa shear and that there is incrementally more convective available potential energy (CAPE) along the Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO). These differences lead to convective changes, with the TUTT simulations having more convection, larger maximum updraft velocities, and more precipitation in lower elevations. Overall, the TUTT simulation mean has about 15% more precipitation during the primary period of TUTT interaction with the northern SMO. There are also slight simulated microphysical differences that agree with nearby polarimetric radar observations. Finally, TUTT removal impacts the gulf surge event on 13 July via the convective modifications.
The comorbidity between eating disorders and anxiety disorders: Prevalence in an eating disorder sample and anxiety disorder sample
Authors: Swinbourne Jessica , Hunt Caroline , Abbott Maree , Russell Janice , St Clare Tamsen , Touyz Stephen 
Published: February 2012

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of comorbid eating and anxiety disorders in women presenting for inpatient and outpatient treatment of an eating disorder and women presenting for outpatient treatment of an anxiety disorder. Methods: The prevalence of comorbidity was investigated from a sample of 152 women, which included 100 women presenting for treatment of an eating disorder and 52 women presenting for treatment of an anxiety disorder. Results: Of women presenting for treatment of an eating disorder, 65% also met criteria for at least one comorbid anxiety disorder; 69% of these reported the onset of the anxiety disorder to precede the onset of the eating disorder. Of the anxiety disorders diagnosed, social phobia was most frequently diagnosed (42%) followed by post-traumatic stress disorder (26%), generalised anxiety disorder (23%), obsessive–compulsive disorder (5%), panic/agoraphobia (3%) and specific phobia (2%). We also found that 13.5% of women presenting for anxiety treatment also met criteria for a comorbid eating disorder. Furthermore, 71% ( n = 5) reported the onset of the anxiety disorder to precede the onset of the eating disorder. Discussion: The results of this study suggest that the prevalence of eating and anxiety disorder comorbidity is high. The present research should improve the clinical understanding of the comorbidity between eating disorders and anxiety disorders. In particular, it is anticipated that this research will have significant aetiological and therapeutic implications especially with regard to improving the clinical effectiveness of psychological treatments for eating disorders and highlighting the importance of screening for eating pathology in the clinical assessment of anxiety disorders.
Therapeutic effects of cerebrolysin added to risperidone in patients with schizophrenia dominated by negative symptoms
Authors: Shifu Xiao , Haibo Xue , Guanjun Li , Chengmei Yuan , Xia Li , Chao Chen , Wu Helen Zong Ying , Mitchell Philip , Mingyuan Zhang 
Published: February 2012

Objective: Cerebrolysin is a nootropic drug with unique neurotrophic activities directly affecting cerebral neurons. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of cerebrolysin added to risperidone in patients with schizophrenia dominated by negative symptoms. Methods: The trial was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group design. A total of 109 patients who met the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia were randomly assigned to cerebrolysin (cerebrolysin plus risperidone, n=55) or placebo (risperidone only, n=54) groups. Intravenous infusions of 30 ml cerebrolysin or placebo were given once daily from Monday to Friday for 4 weeks. Efficacy was assessed with measurements including the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS), Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS), modified Chinese Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (mWAIS). and Clinical Global Impression (CGI). Results: Patients in both groups demonstrated improvements in psychiatric symptoms and cognitive and memory performance as assessed by PANSS, mWAIS, and WMS over the trial. There was no difference in rates of change in the PANSS total score or negative score between the two treatment groups. Patients treated with cerebrolysin showed significantly greater improvements in cognitive and memory function from week 2. No severe treatment adverse events were observed in either group. The frequency of adverse events was comparable between the two groups at the end of the treatment. Conclusion: Cerebrolysin added to risperidone did not augment the efficacy of risperidone in treating the psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia patients over an 8-week trial. Cerebrolysin at 30 ml per day as an adjunctive treatment was safe and may improve cognitive and memory functions of patients with schizophrenia dominated by negative symptoms.
Biselyngbyolide A, a Novel Cytotoxic Macrolide from the Marine Cyanobacterium Lyngbya sp.
Authors: Morita Maho , Ohno Osamu , Suenaga Kiyotake 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
A novel cytotoxic macrolide biselyngbyolide A (1) was isolated from the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya sp., collected on Tokunoshima Island, Japan. This macrolide was revealed to be structurally related to biselyngbyaside (2). The gross structure of 1 was elucidated based on the extensive application of 2D NMR techniques. The stereostructure was deduced based on analyses of the NOESY spectrum and CD data. Biselyngbyolide A (1) exhibited strong apoptosis-inducing activity against HeLa S3 cells and HL60 cells.
Electron Spin Resonance of Thin Films of N,N′-Di(1-naphthyl)-N,N′-diphenylbenzidine (NPB) Doped by Iodine Vapor
Authors: Azuma Kenta , Son Donghyun , Marumoto Kazuhiro , Kijima Masashi , Shimoi Yukihiro 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
We have successfully observed the ESR signals of radical cations in the thin films of N,N′-di(1-naphthyl)-N,N′-diphenylbenzidine (NPB), typical hole-transport material, for the first time to our best knowledge. In order to characterize the radical cation state, ESR spectra obtained upon chemical doping with iodine are analyzed combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculation. The ESR line width is inversely correlated with doping concentration.
Synthesis and Supramolecular Association of NCN-Pincer Pd-Complex-bound Norvaline Derivatives toward Fabrication of Controlled Metal Array
Authors: Ogata Kazuki , Sasano Daisuke , Yokoi Tomoya , Isozaki Katsuhiro , Seike Hirofumi , Yasuda Nobuhiro , Ogawa Tetsuya , Kurata Hiroki , Takaya Hikaru , Nakamura Masaharu 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Novel NCN-pincer Pd-complex-bound norvaline derivatives were synthesized. The N- and C-termini-alkylated Pd–norvalines spontaneously assemble into fibrous aggregates to form supramolecular gels, in which the NCN-pincer Pd complex moieties assemble in a highly oriented manner.
Thoracic duct and cisterna chyli: evaluation with multidetector row CT
Authors: Kiyonaga M , Mori H , Matsumoto S , Yamada Y , Sai M , Okada F 
Published: February 2012

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the normal anatomy of the thoracic duct and cisterna chyli obtained by axial and multiplanar reformation (MPR) images of 1 mm slice thickness using multidetector row CT (MDCT).
Methods: We evaluated the ability of MDCT to examine the normal anatomy of the thoracic duct and cisterna chyli. The axial and coronal images of thoracoabdominal MDCT images obtained in 50 patients (20 females and 30 males; mean age, 63.5 years; range, 32–81 years) were reviewed between January and October 2005. We excluded patients with malignant neoplasms, inflammation or vascular diseases (e.g. aortic aneurysm, aortic dissection) and those with a history of thoracoabdominal surgery. The thoracic duct was divided into three anatomical sections: the upper, middle and lower. We evaluated the degree of visualisation and the maximum size of the thoracic duct. We also evaluated the degree of visualisation, maximum size, configuration and location of the cisterna chyli.
Results: Visualisation of the thoracic duct and cisterna chyli was almost 100% on axial and coronal images. The lower section of the thoracic duct was most clearly visualised among the three sections. There was little difference in the maximum size of the thoracic duct among the three sections. The cisterna chyli was most frequently located at the Th12 or L1 level, and the most common type was the “straight thin tube type”.
Conclusion: Axial and MPR images of 1 mm slice thickness using MDCT can clearly depict the thoracic duct and cisterna chyli.
More harm than good? The anatomy of misguided shielding of the ovaries
Authors: Fawcett S L , Gomez A C , Barter S J , Ditchfield M , Set P 
Published: February 2012

Objective: Popular gonad shield designs aim to provide coverage of the true pelvis, which is presumed to be the probable location of the ovaries. Shields are frequently placed inaccurately, especially in children, obscuring important orthopaedic landmarks on pelvic radiographs. We aimed to identify the position of the ovaries and asses how this may vary with age and the degree of bladder filling. We aimed to identify the position of the ovaries and asses how this may vary with age and the degree of bladder filling.
Methods: Using MRI examinations of the pelvis in women and children, we located 594 ovaries in 306 female patients aged from birth to 59 years.
Results: This study provides new evidence that bladder filling affects ovary position. A lower than expected number of patients had both ovaries within the pelvis if the bladder contained more than a moderate volume of urine. Bladder emptying should be achieved wherever practical if a shield is used. In children under the age of 7 years, more than half (19/37) had at least one ovary outside the true pelvis. There was a significant association between age and ovary position, with the percentage of patients with one or both ovaries outside the true pelvis decreasing with age (χ 2, p&lt;0.0001).
Conclusion: The embryological descent of the ovaries into the pelvis would appear to continue after birth, well into childhood. Current popular shield designs are therefore inappropriate for use in young children. Given the high risk of obscuring critical landmarks, coupled with the new evidence that even accurate placement will not necessarily protect the ovaries, the use of pelvic shields in girls should be reconsidered.
The Effect of Implant Size 5 × 8 mm on Crestal Bone Levels Around Single‐Tooth Implants
Authors: Urdaneta Rainier A. , Leary Joseph , Lubelski William , Emanuel Kimberly M. , Chuang Sung‐Kiang 
Published: February 2012

Background: There is substantial evidence supporting the strain‐induced biologic response of bone to mechanical load. Stress‐related factors, such as implant size, have been associated with changes in crestal bone levels on dental implants. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of an implant size, specifically 5 mm wide × 8 mm long (5 × 8), on peri‐implant bone levels.Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted. The cohort was composed of patients who had ≥1 plateau root–form implant. Descriptive statistics, univariate and multivariate mixed‐effects regression models, adjusted for multiple implants in the same patient were used to evaluate the correlation between 5 × 8 implants and other clinically relevant factors on crestal bone levels after insertion of single‐tooth replacements.Results: The cohort was composed of 81 individuals who received 326 implants. The average change in crestal bone levels (AvBL) for 5 × 8 maxillary and mandibular implants after 5.9 years of follow‐up were −0.36 and −0.04 mm, respectively. In contrast, AvBL for mandibular implants not measuring 5 × 8 was −0.51 mm. Of several different local and systemic factors evaluated, including 10 different implant sizes, 5 × 8 mandibular implants were found to be significantly less likely to lose bone when compared with mandibular implants not measuring 5 × 8 (P = 0.047).Conclusions: Implants measuring 5 × 8 demonstrated statistically significantly less peri‐implant bone loss in the posterior mandible. This finding indicated that a specific implant size may be involved in mandibular bone preservation. However, prospective multicenter clinical trials are needed to validate these findings.
Effect of veterinarian-client-patient interactions on client adherence to dentistry and surgery recommendations in companion-animal practice
Authors: Kanji Noureen , Coe Jason B. , Adams Cindy L. , Shaw Jane R. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Objective—To explore the relationship between veterinarian-client-patient interactions and client adherence to dental and surgery recommendations and to test the a priori hypotheses that appointment-specific client satisfaction and relationship-centered care are positively associated with client adherence.
Design—Cross-sectional study.
Sample—A subsample of 19 companion-animal veterinarians and 83 clients from a larger observational study consisting of 20 randomly recruited veterinarians and a convenience sample of 350 clients from eastern Ontario.
Procedures—Videotaped veterinarian-client-patient interactions containing a dentistry recommendation, surgery recommendation, or both were selected for inclusion from the larger sample of interactions coded with the Roter interaction analysis system. Client adherence was measured by evaluating each patient's medical record approximately 6 months after the videotaped interaction. The clarity of the recommendation, appointment-specific client-satisfaction score, and relationship-centered care score were compared between adhering and nonadhering clients.
Results—Among the 83 veterinarian-client-patient interactions, 25 (30%) clients adhered to a dentistry recommendation, surgery recommendation, or both. The odds for adherence were 7 times as great for clients who received a clear recommendation, compared with clients who received an ambiguous recommendation from their veterinarian. Moreover, adhering clients were significantly more satisfied as measured after the interview. Interactions resulting in client adherence also had higher scores for relationship-centered care than did interactions leading to nonadherence.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Veterinarian use of a relationship-centered care approach, characterized as a collaborative partnership between a veterinarian and a client with provision of clear recommendations and effective communication of the rationale for the recommendations, has positive implications for client adherence.
Feasibility study of sulfates as oxygen carriers for chemical looping processes
Authors: Kale Ganesh 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
The operational feasibility temperature range of chemical looping combustion (CLC) and chemical looping reforming (CLR) of the fuels methane, propane, iso-octane and ethanol was explored using the common sulphates Na
2SO
4, CaSO
4 and MgSO
4 as oxygen carriers. The chemical reaction equations for each oxygen carrier and fuel were formulated and fed into the Chemical Equations module of HSC Chemistry 5.1 software to obtain the Gibbs free energy change (
Δ
G) of the chemical reaction within the temperature range (200–1200∘C). The CLC and CLR process operational feasibility temperature range for the fuel-oxygen carrier combination was mapped excluding the undesirable formation of SO
2 in CLC and H
2S and S in CLR. Na
2SO
4 and CaSO
4 were found to be suitable for all CLC and CLR systems. MgSO
4 was not found to be a suitable candidate for CLC or CLR processes irrespective of the fuel considered. Methane was found to be better than the other fuels studied as the operational temperature range of CLC and CLR processes were wide for all the sulphates. This short cut methodology presented in this paper can be used to predict the operational feasibility of CLC and CLR processes of different fuels and oxygen carriers.
CFD modeling of single‐phase flow in a packed bed with MRI validation
Authors: Robbins David J. , El‐Bachir M. Samir , Gladden Lynn F. , Cant R. Stewart , von Harbou Erik 
Published: February 2012

AbstractComputational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are becoming increasingly widespread with the advent of more powerful computers and more sophisticated software. The aim of these developments is to facilitate more accurate reactor design and optimization methods compared to traditional lumped‐parameter models. However, in order for CFD to be a trusted method, it must be validated using experimental data acquired at sufficiently high spatial resolution. This article validates an in‐house CFD code by comparison with flow‐field data obtained using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for a packed bed with a particle‐to‐column diameter ratio of 2. Flows characterized by inlet Reynolds numbers, based on particle diameter, of 27, 55, 111, and 216 are considered. The code used employs preconditioning to directly solve for pressure in low‐velocity flow regimes. Excellent agreement was found between the MRI and CFD data with relative error between the experimentally determined and numerically predicted flow‐fields being in the range of 3–9%. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012