bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amyloid-β Contributes to Blood–Brain Barrier Leakage in Transgenic Human Amyloid Precursor Protein Mice and in Humans With Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy
Authors: Hartz Anika M.S. , Bauer Björn , Soldner Emma L.B. , Wolf Andrea , Boy Sandra , Backhaus Roland , Mihaljevic Ivan , Bogdahn Ulrich , Klünemann Hans H. , Schuierer Gerhard , Schlachetzki Felix 
Published: November 2011

Background and Purpose—
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a degenerative disorder characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition in the blood–brain barrier (BBB). CAA contributes to injuries of the neurovasculature including lobar hemorrhages, cortical microbleeds, ischemia, and superficial hemosiderosis. We postulate that CAA pathology is partially due to Aβ compromising the BBB.

Methods—
We characterized 19 patients with acute stroke with “probable CAA” for neurovascular pathology based on MRI and clinical findings. Also, we studied the effect of Aβ on the expression of tight junction proteins and matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) in isolated rat brain microvessels.

Results—

Two of 19 patients with CAA had asymptomatic BBB leakage and posterior reversible encephalopathic syndrome indicating increased BBB permeability. In addition to white matter changes, diffusion abnormality suggesting lacunar ischemia was found in 4 of 19 patients with CAA; superficial hemosiderosis was observed in 7 of 9 patients. Aβ
40
decreased expression of the tight junction proteins claudin-1 and claudin-5 and increased expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Analysis of brain microvessels from transgenic mice overexpressing human amyloid precursor protein revealed the same expression pattern for tight junction and MMP proteins. Consistent with reduced tight junction and increased MMP expression and activity, permeability was increased in brain microvessels from human amyloid precursor protein mice compared with microvessels from wild-type controls.

Conclusions—
Our findings indicate that Aβ contributes to changes in brain microvessel tight junction and MMP expression, which compromises BBB integrity. We conclude that Aβ causes BBB leakage and that assessing BBB permeability could potentially help characterize CAA progression and be a surrogate marker for treatment response.
A note on the Frobenius conditional number with positive definite matrices
Authors: Li Hongyi , Gao Zongsheng , Zhao Di 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
In this article, we focus on the lower bounds of the Frobenius condition number. Using the generalized Schwarz inequality, we present some lower bounds for the Frobenius condition number of a positive definite matrix depending on its trace, determinant, and Frobenius norm. Also, we give some results on a kind of matrices with special structure, the positive definite matrices with centrosymmetric structure.
Regular consumption of vitamin D-fortified yogurt drink (Doogh) improved endothelial biomarkers in subjects with type 2 diabetes: a randomized double-blind clinical trial
Authors: Shab-Bidar Sakineh , Neyestani Tirang R , Djazayery Abolghassem , Eshraghian Mohammad-Reza , Houshiarrad Anahita , Gharavi A'azam , Kalayi Ali , Shariatzadeh Nastaran , Zahedirad Malihe , Khalaji Niloufar , Haidari Homa 
Published: November 2011

Abstract

Background
Endothelial dysfunction has been proposed as the underlying cause of diabetic angiopathy that eventually leads to cardiovascular disease, the major cause of death in diabetes. We recently demonstrated the ameliorating effect of regular vitamin D intake on the glycemic status of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). In this study, the effects of improvement of vitamin D status on glycemic status, lipid profile and endothelial biomarkers in T2D subjects were investigated.

Methods
Subjects with T2D were randomly allocated to one of the two groups to receive either plain yogurt drink (PYD; containing 170 mg calcium and no vitamin D/250 mL, n1 = 50) or vitamin D3-fortified yogurt drink (FYD; containing 170 mg calcium and 500 IU/250 mL, n2 = 50) twice a day for 12 weeks. Anthropometric measures, glycemic status, lipid profile, body fat mass (FM) and endothelial biomarkers including serum endothelin-1, E-selectin and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 were evaluated at the beginning and after the 12-week intervention period.

Results
The intervention resulted in a significant improvement in fasting glucose, the Quantitative Insulin Check Index (QUICKI), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triacylglycerols, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), endothelin-1, E-selectin and MMP-9 in FYD compared to PYD (P < 0.05, for all). Interestingly, difference in changes of endothelin-1, E-selectin and MMP-9 concentrations in FYD compared to PYD (-0.35 ± 0.63 versus -0.03 ± 0.55, P = 0.028; -3.8 ± 7.3 versus 0.95 ± 8.3, P = 0.003 and -2.3 ± 3.7 versus 0.44 ± 7.1 ng/mL, respectively, P < 0.05 for all), even after controlling for changes of QUICKI, FM and waist circumference, remained significant for endothelin-1 and MMP-9 (P = 0.009 and P = 0.005, respectively) but disappeared for E-selectin (P = 0.092). On the contrary, after controlling for serum 25(OH)D, the differences disappeared for endothelin-1(P = 0.066) and MMP-9 (P = 0.277) but still remained significant for E-selectin (P = 0.011).

Conclusions
Ameliorated vitamin D status was accompanied by improved glycemic status, lipid profile and endothelial biomarkers in T2D subjects. Our findings suggest both direct and indirect ameliorating effects of vitamin D on the endothelial biomarkers.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01236846
An antisense transcript in the human cytomegalovirus UL87 gene region
Authors: Ma Yanping , Wang Ning , Li Mali , Gao Shuang , Wang Lin , Ji Yaohua , Qi Ying , He Rong , Sun Zhengrong , Ruan Qiang 
Published: November 2011

Abstract

Background
Rapid advances in research on antisense transcripts are gradually changing our comprehension of genomic and gene expression aspects of the Herpesviridae. One such herpesvirus is the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). Although transcription of the HCMV UL87 gene has not been specifically investigated, cDNA clones of UL87 antisense transcripts were found in HCMV cDNA libraries previously. In this study, the transcription of the UL87 antisense strand was investigated in three clinically isolated HCMV strains.

Results
First, an 800 nucleotides transcript having an antisense orientation to the UL87 gene was found in a late HCMV cDNA library. Then, the UL87 antisense transcript was confirmed by Rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) and Northern blot in three HCMV clinical strains. Two ORFs were predicted in the antisense transcript. The putative protein of ORF 1 showed a high degree of conservation among HCMV and other CMV strains.

Conclusion
An 800nt antisense transcript in the UL87 gene region exists in HCMV clinical strains.
Next-generation sequencing technologies and applications for human genetic history and forensics
Authors: Berglund Eva C , Kiialainen Anna , Syvänen Ann-Christine 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Rapid advances in the development of sequencing technologies in recent years have enabled an increasing number of applications in biology and medicine. Here, we review key technical aspects of the preparation of DNA templates for sequencing, the biochemical reaction principles and assay formats underlying next-generation sequencing systems, methods for imaging and base calling, quality control, and bioinformatic approaches for sequence alignment, variant calling and assembly. We also discuss some of the most important advances that the new sequencing technologies have brought to the fields of human population genetics, human genetic history and forensic genetics.
Phytogeographic implications of fossil endocarps of Menispermaceae from the Paleocene of Colombia
Authors: Herrera Fabiany , Manchester Steven R. , Hoot Sara B. , Wefferling Keir M. , Carvalho Mónica R. , Jaramillo Carlos 
Published: November 2011

• Premise of the study: Fossil leaves of Menispermaceae were previously described from the Paleocene of Colombia. Because of strong homoplasy of leaf characters, the fossils could not be placed more specifically within recognized clades, and additional data were needed to specify intrafamilial and paleogeographic relationships during the Paleocene.• Methods: Fossil endocarps of Menispermaceae were collected from the Cerrejón Formation, the recently discovered Bogotá flora, and Wyoming (∼60 Ma). We surveyed the endocarp morphology of almost all extant genera, conducted character optimization, a molecular scaffold analysis, and critically reviewed the related fossil genera.• Key results: Parallel syndromes of fruit characters have appeared in unrelated clades of the family according to current phylogenetic reconstructions. However, mapping selected endocarp characters across those clades that contain horseshoe‐shaped endocarps facilitates identification and phylogenetic assessment of the fossils. Three fossil species are recognized. One of them belongs to the extant genus Stephania, which today grows only in Africa and Australasia. Palaeoluna gen. nov. is placed within the pantropical clade composed of extant Stephania, Cissampelos, and Cyclea; this morphogenus is also recognized from the Paleocene of Wyoming. Menispina gen. nov. shows similarity with several unrelated clades.• Conclusions: The new fossils from Colombia reveal a complex paleobiogeographic history of the recognized clades within Menispermaceae, suggesting a more active exchange among neotropical, paleotropical, North American, and European paleoforests than previously recognized. In addition, the new fossils indicate that neotropical forests were an important biome for the radiation and dispersal of derived lineages in Menispermaceae after the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary.
Acute Mountain Sickness and Retinal Evaluation by Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Ascaso Francisco J. , Nerín María A. , Villén Laura , Morandeira José R. , Cristóbal José A. 
Published: November 2011

Purpose Acute mountain sickness (AMS), the commonest form of altitude illness, might represent early-stage high altitude cerebral edema (HACE). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to evaluate optic nerve head (ONH) consequences following a sojourn to extreme altitude. Methods This prospective study included 4 high-altitude expeditions in Himalayas. Twenty-four eyes of 12 healthy male climbers underwent baseline and postexpedition complete ophthalmic evaluation, including OCT to measure the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, ONH parameters, and macular thickness and volume. Lake Louise Scoring (LLS) self-report questionnaire was used to estimate AMS severity. Results All mountaineers experienced symptoms of AMS (LLS: 5.1±1.1, range 4.0-7.0). Average peripapillary RNFL thickness showed a significant increase in postexpedition examination (94±23 μm, 47-115), compared with baseline values (89±19 μm, range 45-114) (p=0.034). Superior (p=0.036) and temporal (p=0.010) quadrants also showed an increased RNFL thickness following exposure to high altitude. Vertical integrated rim area (VIRA) was significantly higher in postexpedition examination (0.71±0.43 mm3, 0.14-1.50) than in baseline examination (0.51±0.26 mm3, 0.11-1.00) (p=0.002). Horizontal integrated rim width was significantly higher in postexpedition examination (1.90±0.32 mm2, range 1.37-2.34) than in baseline examination (1.77±0.27 mm2, 1.27-2.08) (p=0.004). There was no correlation between LLS and OCT parameters (p>0.05). Conclusions In climbers with AMS, OCT was able to detect subtle increases in the peripapillary RNFL thickness and in some ONH measurements, even in absence of HACE and papilledema. These changes might be a sensitive parameter in physiologic acclimatization and in the pathogenesis of AMS.
Biochemical and mechanical extracellular matrix properties dictate mammary epithelial cell motility and assembly
Authors: Shebanova Olga , Hammer Daniel A. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBiochemical and mechanical cues of the extracellular matrix have been shown to play important roles in cell‐matrix and cell‐cell interactions. We have experimentally tested the combined influence of these cues to better understand cell motility, force generation, cell‐cell interaction, and assembly in an in vitro breast cancer model. MCF‐10A non‐tumorigenic mammary epithelial cells were observed on surfaces with varying fibronectin ligand concentration and polyacrylamide gel rigidity. Our data show that cell velocity is biphasic in both matrix rigidity and adhesiveness. The maximum cell migration velocity occurs only at specific combination of substrate stiffness and ligand density. We found cell‐cell interactions reduce migration velocity. However, the traction forces cells exert onto the substrate increase linearly with both cues, with cells in pairs exerting higher maximum tractions observed over single cells. A relationship between force and motility shows a maximum in single cell velocity not observed in cell pairs. Cell‐cell adhesion becomes strongly favored on softer gels with elasticity ≤1250 Pascals (Pa), implying the existence of a compliance threshold that promotes cell‐cell over cell‐matrix adhesion. Finally on gels with stiffness similar to pre‐malignant breast tissue, 400 Pa, cells undergo multicellular assembly and division into 3D spherical aggregates on a 2D surface.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Vanadium Oxide, V6O13 Hollow‐Flowers Materials and Their Application in Electrochemical Supercapacitors.
Authors: Huang Zhiyong , Zeng Hongmei , Xue Li , Zhou Xiangge , Zhao Yan , Lai Qiongyu 
Published: November 2011

AbstractHollow flower‐like V6O13 with an average size of 3 μm is synthesized by a simple sol—hydrothermal process starting with V2O5 in 30% aq.
ChemInform Abstract: A Rational Synthesis of New Anion [HgBr4Cl]3‐: Synthesis, Characterization and Single Crystal X‐Ray Structure Determination of [Co(NH3)6][HgBr4Cl].
Authors: Sharma Raj Pal , Singh Ajnesh , Saini Anju , Venugopalan Paloth , Ferretti Valeria 
Published: November 2011

AbstractSingle crystals of the title compound are obtained from an hot aqueous solution of [Co(NH3)6]Cl3, HgBr2, and KBr (75% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Synthesis of Highly Substituted Five‐Membered Rings: Mukaiyama‐Aldol‐Oxonoium‐Ene (MAOE) Domino Reaction.
Authors: Li Hao , Loh Teck‐Peng 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe reaction of silyl enol ethers (I) with acetals of type (II) affords cyclopentane derivatives as single diastereomers bearing three stereogenic centers at the ring.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Construction of Multi‐Substituted Spiro‐Cycloalkanediones by an Organocatalytic Asymmetric Epoxidation/Semipinacol Rearrangement.
Authors: Li Bao‐Sheng , Zhang En , Zhang Qing‐Wei , Zhang Fu‐Min , Tu Yong‐Qiang , Cao Xiao‐Ping 
Published: November 2011

AbstractHigh stereoselectivity in an aqueous medium, the introduction of tri‐oxygenated functional groups, and the efficient construction of at least two chiral centers are features of this transformation.
ChemInform Abstract: Site‐Selective Synthesis of Arylated Indenones by Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions of 2,3,5‐Tribromoinden‐1‐one.
Authors: Zinad Dhafer Saber , Hussain Munawar , Villinger Alexander , Langer Peter 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe order of selectivity is C‐3 < C‐2 < C‐5, temperature and stoichiometry play also an important role.
ChemInform Abstract: Branching Cascades: A Concise Synthetic Strategy Targeting Diverse and Complex Molecular Frameworks.
Authors: Liu Wei , Khedkar Vivek , Baskar Baburaj , Schuermann Markus , Kumar Kamal 
Published: November 2011

AbstractReaction of chromenones containing multiple electrophilic as well as pronucleophilic sites and a vinylogous ester with various mono‐ and bisnucleophiles and zwitterionic species provides access to a diversity of heteropolycyclic compounds via different cascade reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Some Transformations of Functionally Substituted Lactones.
Authors: Avetisyan A. A. , Alvandzhyan A. G. , Kostanyan T. A. , Bidar M. M. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractReactions of functionally substituted unsaturated five‐ and six‐membered cyanolactones (I) and (IX) with tertiary keto alcohols (II) and (V) give rise to the formation of the corresponding oxo amides.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Heteroaryl Ketones via Tandem Reaction of 1,1‐Dibromoethenes.
Authors: Fan Xuesen , He Yan , Zhang Xinying , Guo Shenghai , Wang Yangyang 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA direct synthesis of aroylbenzoxazoles (III) and aroylbenzothiazoles (VII) from β,β‐dibromostyrenes is presented, involving heterocyclization and Ru‐catalyzed chemoselective oxidation.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Nitroalkanes with Levoglucosenone and Its α‐Bromo and α‐Iodo Derivatives. Cyclopentaannulation of α‐Halocyclenones.
Authors: Faizullina L. Kh. , Safarov M. G. , Spirikhin L. V. , Kolosnitsyn V. S. , Kondrova Yu. A. , Valeev F. A. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractMichael reactions of levoglucosenone (VI) and its halo derivatives (I) with α,ω‐dinitroalkanes are examined under conditions of chemical and electrochemical generation of base.
ChemInform Abstract: syn‐Allylstannation of N‐Acyliminium Intermediates by Tributyl[γ‐(silyloxy)allyl]stannanes: A Key Reaction for the Diastereoselective Synthesis of Polyhydroxypiperidines and Polyhydroxyazepanes.
Authors: Chevallier Floris , Lumbroso Alexandre , Beaudet Isabelle , Le Grognec Erwan , Toupet Loic , Quintard Jean‐Paul 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe allylstannation of N‐acyliminium intermediates affords the expected adducts with high syn‐selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antiinflammatory Activity of 8H‐1‐Thia‐8‐aza‐dibenzo[e,h]azulenes.
Authors: Ozimec Landek Ivana , Pesic Dijana , Mercep Mladen , Stanic Barbara , Mesic Milan 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe compounds (VI) are tested in vitro for their anti‐inflammatory activity through the inhibition of the necrosis factor alpha production (TNF‐α) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐activated human peripheral blood monocular cells (hPBMC).
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Selenium Dichloride and Dibromide with Unsaturated Ethers. Annulation of 2,3‐Dihydro‐1,4‐oxaselenine to the Benzene Ring.
Authors: Potapov Vladimir A. , Musalov Maxim V. , Amosova Svetlana V. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractDepending on the conditions, reactions of phenylethers (I) and (III) with selenium dihalides can be directed selectively either to annulation or to formation of bis‐adducts.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 5‐Amino‐2‐selenoxo‐1,3‐imidazole‐4‐carboselenoamides by the Reaction of Isoselenocyanates with Aminoacetonitriles.
Authors: Tanahashi Nobuhito , Koketsu Mamoru 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe reaction offers a synthesis of imidazolidines of type (III).
An Analysis of Reducing Perchloroethylene Emissions in the Urban Environment: A Case Study of Taiwan
Authors: Tsai Wen‐Tien 
Published: November 2011

AbstractSelected volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from commercial activities and industrial processes have been classified as hazardous air pollutants, posing a potential health risk in the urban environment. In this respect, perchloroethylene (PCE), a suspected human carcinogen, is the most noticeable compound because it is widely used in laundries and hotels as a dry‐cleaning solvent. The objective of this paper was to quantify the emissions of PCE and other petroleum‐based solvents from dry cleaning business in illustration of the regulatory infrastructure of reducing PCE exposure in the environment of Taiwan. Based on the Emission Factors (AP‐42) method, the emissions of the non‐methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) from dry cleaning business had decreased from 5100 metric tons in 1997 to 2800 metric tons in 2007. The success of significant reduction of NMHCs in Taiwan has been ascribed to the fact that Taiwan established the relevant regulations at the end of the 1990s. From the data on the industrial/commercial demand for PCE and the emission inventories of NMHCs from dry cleaning business, the reduction of PCE emissions will show a declining trend in the near future.
Evaluation of Amendments to Control Phosphorus Losses in Runoff from Pig Slurry Applications to Land
Authors: O' Flynn Cornelius J. , Fenton Owen , Healy Mark G. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIf spread in excess of crop requirements, incidental phosphorus (P) losses from agriculture can lead to eutrophication of receiving waters. The use of amendments in targeted areas may help reduce the possibility of surface runoff of nutrients. The aim of this study was to identify amendments which may be effective in reducing incidental dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) losses in surface runoff from land applied pig slurry. For this purpose, the DRP losses under simulated conditions across the surface of intact grassland soil cores, loaded with unamended and amended slurry at a rate equivalent to 19 kg P ha−1, were determined over a 30 h period. The effectiveness of the amendments at reducing DRP in overlying water were (in decreasing order): alum (86%), flue gas desulfurization by‐product (FGD) (74%), poly‐aluminum (Al) chloride (PAC) (73%), ferric chloride (71%), fly ash (58%), and lime (54%). FGD was the most costly of all the treatments (€7.64/m3 for 74% removal). Ranked in terms of feasibility, which takes into account effectiveness, cost, and other potential impediments to use, they were: alum, ferric chloride, PAC, fly ash, lime, and FGD.
Aerobic Alcohol Oxidations Catalyzed by Oxorhenium Complexes Containing Redox‐Active Ligands
Authors: Lippert Cameron A. , Riener Korbinian , Soper Jake D. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe capacity of five‐coordinate oxorhenium(V) anions with redox‐active catecholate ligands to homolyze O2 and afford dioxorhenium(VII) products is utilized for the development of new aerobic alcohol oxidation catalysts. The reaction of [ReVII(O)2(cat)2]– with benzyl alcohol (BnOH) affords the expected products of net H2 transfer: [ReV(O)(cat)2]–, benzaldehyde, and presumably H2O. However, mechanistic studies reveal that the formation of the active oxidant requires both the dioxo and monooxo species, so BnOH oxidation by[ReVII(O)2(cat)2]– exhibits an unexpected catalytic dependence on [ReV(O)(cat)2]–. Attempts to oxidize more thermodynamically challenging primary alcohols, which include CH3OH, using the [ReVII(O)2(cat)2]– + [ReV(O)(cat)2]– system did not yield aldehyde products. However, experiments performed in CH3OH allowed the observation of a catalytically active intermediate species, which provides an insight into the mechanism of catalytic action and catalyst degradation. Based on these observations, complexes that contain a more oxidatively robust [Br4cat]2– ligand were shown to exhibit higher catalytic activity as measured by total turnover number. The requirement for a redox‐active ligand for catalyst function has both benefits and limitations that are discussed in the context of aerobic alcohol oxidation catalysis.
Analysis of Amperometric Spike Shapes to Release Vesicles
Authors: Watson Daniel J. , Gummi Rohit R. , Papke Jason B. , Harkins Amy B. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractCarbon‐fiber amperometry is a real‐time analytical tool to detect vesicle release events from individual secretory cells. This study compared the spike events released in response to local or global depolarization. We describe each spike shape that regularly occurs, as well as those shapes of spikes that occur with less frequency, but reproducibly. We compare how frequently each type of spike occurs, and compare their amplitudes and kinetics to the commonly accepted spike release events. Analysis of the amperometric peaks typically discarded from single cell amperometry recordings may reveal unappreciated phenomena related to the release of secretory vesicles.