bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interinstitutional consultation in fine‐needle aspiration cytopathology
Authors: Bomeisl Philip E. , Alam Shadia , Wakely Paul E. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:The importance of interinstitutional consultation (IC) has been documented across a variety of surgical pathology organ systems. However, to the authors' knowledge, few studies exist regarding this practice within cytopathology and specifically within fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC).METHODS:All FNAC cases between September 2002 and January 2007 were reviewed. Original diagnoses and second opinion diagnoses (SODs) were categorized as either no diagnostic disagreement, or minor diagnostic disagreement, or major diagnostic disagreement, and the latter was defined as either a 2‐step deviation on a scale of “unsatisfactory, benign, atypical, suspicious, and malignant” or a change in treatment and/or prognosis. Outcome was determined by a review of the electronic medical record.RESULTS:Among 742 FNAC cases from outside laboratories, there were minor disagreements in 132 cases (17.8%) and major disagreements in 69 cases (9.3%) compared with the SODs from the authors' laboratory. Follow‐up was available for 60 of 69 major discrepancies. The SOD was supported on follow‐up in 65% of major discrepancies, and the initial diagnosis was supported better in 33% of major discrepancies. In 55% of cases in which the original institution diagnosis was supported better, either no case slides were received for examination or the slides contained material that was considered nondiagnostic by the authors. An SOD prompted a change in clinical management in 32 of 742 patients (4.3%). Aspirates that were most prone to change in management or therapy were from the thyroid (13 cases), neck (soft tissue and lymph nodes; 9 cases), salivary gland (2 cases), and liver (2 cases). Of 60 major diagnostic disagreements, board‐certified cytopathologists rendered an SOD in 44 cases, and 75% of the diagnoses were supported better by follow‐up, whereas pathologists who were not board certified in cytopathology had only 38% of SODs supported.CONCLUSIONS:Of 742 FNAC cases, 9.3% had major diagnostic disagreements; and, in 4.3%, patient management and therapy were altered. These results were similar to studies in surgical pathology emphasizing the importance of IC in FNAC. The authors concluded that FNAC IC benefits patient care. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Acid‐Catalyzed Conversion of Sugars and Furfurals in an Ionic‐Liquid Phase
Authors: Sievers Carsten , Musin Ildar , Marzialetti Teresita , Valenzuela Olarte Mariefel B. , Agrawal Pradeep K. , Jones Christopher W. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe reactivity of monosaccharides, furfural, and 5‐hydroxymethyl‐2‐furfural (HMF) in the presence of a Brønsted acid (added as H2SO4) in the ionic liquid 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride (BMImCl) is investigated at 120 °C. Fructose is converted much faster than mannose, glucose, and xylose and yields HMF with high selectivity, even in the absence of acid. Conversion of mannose, glucose, and xylose involves more complex reaction networks. Only small amounts of furfural and HMF are converted in the absence of other reactants but both compounds are consumed when monosaccharides and their degradation products are present. Acid‐catalyzed degradation reactions also lead to the formation of solid residues (humins).
Sustainable Management of the Global Carbon Cycle Through Geostorage of Wood
Authors: Kreysa Gerhard 
Published: June 2009

AbstractCombustion of fossil energy sources has caused the carbon inventory of the atmosphere to increase by more than 200 Gt. It will be almost impossible to prevent it from growing by at least another 400 Gt in the present century. Theoretically, there exists only one single possibility to effect a decline of the resultant increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration: the excess carbon has to be removed from the carbon cycle by transferring it into an environment in which it is safe from oxidation, just as is the case for the deposits of fossil fuels. Only natural photosynthesis offers the possibility of efficiently fixing carbon dioxide from the air and removing it from the carbon cycle through geostorage of the resulting biomass. The present paper shows, in the context of an initial feasibility study, that the use of forests and the geostorage of wood in an environment corresponding to lignite deposits represents the ecologically most sensible and economical variant of removal of carbon from the carbon cycle and, thereby, reclamation of the atmosphere.
Validation and ecosystem applications of the EDEN water‐surface model for the Florida Everglades
Authors: Liu Zhongwei , Volin John C. , Dianne Owen V. , Pearlstine Leonard G. , Allen Jenny R. , Mazzotti Frank J. , Higer Aaron L. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) is an integrated network of real‐time water‐level monitoring, ground‐elevation modelling, and water‐surface modelling that provides scientists and water managers with current (2000‐present), on‐line water‐level and water‐depth information for the freshwater Everglades. Continuous daily spatial interpolations of surface water‐level gage data from the EDEN water‐surface model are presented on grid with 400‐m spacing. The direct model output is continuous daily surface‐water level, and other hydrologic data such as water depth and hydroperiod can be derived together with ground digital elevation models.This paper validated the spatially continuous EDEN water‐surface model for the Everglades, Florida by using an independent field‐measured dataset. Three model applications were also demonstrated: to estimate site‐specific ground elevation, to create water‐depth time series for tree islands, and to generate contiguous water coverage areas. We found that there were no statistically significant differences between model‐predicted and field‐observed water‐level data in central Everglades (p = 0·51). Over 95% of the predicted‐water levels matched observed‐water levels within the range of ± 5 cm. Overall, the model is reliable by a root mean square error (RMSE) of 3·3 cm.The accurate, high‐resolution hydrological data, generated over broad spatial and temporal scales by the EDEN water‐surface model, provides a previously missing key to understanding the habitat requirements and linkages among native and invasive populations, including fish, wildlife, wading birds, and plants. The EDEN model is a powerful tool that could be adapted for other ecosystem‐scale restoration and management programs worldwide. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The TLR‐independent DNA recognition pathway in murine macrophages: Ligand features and molecular signature
Authors: Karayel Evren , Bürckstümmer Tilmann , Bilban Martin , Dürnberger Gerhard , Weitzer Stefan , Martinez Javier , Superti‐Furga Giulio 
Published: June 2009

AbstractRecognition of foreign DNA by cytosolic innate immune receptors triggers the production of IFN‐β. However, it is unclear whether different types of DNA ligands are recognized by similar receptors and whether the resulting response is distinct from the endosomal TLR response. To address these questions, we compared the two most commonly used types of DNA ligands (IFN‐stimulatory DNA (ISD) and poly(dAdT)) and assessed the minimal structural requirements for stimulatory capacity in RAW264.7 cells. Gene expression signatures and competition experiments suggest that ISD and poly(dAdT) are qualitatively indistinguishable and differ from the CpG‐containing oligonucleotides triggering the TLR9 pathway. Structure – activity relationship analyses revealed that a minimal length of two helical turns is sufficient for ISD‐mediated IFN‐β induction, while phosphorylation at the 5′‐end is dispensable. Altogether, our data suggest that, in murine macrophages, only one major cytosolic DNA recognition pathway is operational.
Relaxometric, Thermodynamic and Kinetic Studies of Lanthanide(III) Complexes of DO3A‐Based Propylphosphonates
Authors: Mamedov Ilgar , Táborský Petr , Lubal Přemysl , Laurent Sophie , Vander Elst Luce , Mayer Hermann A. , Logothetis Nikos K. , Angelovski Goran 
Published: June 2009

AbstractTwo DO3A‐based ligands appended with the propylphosphonate side arm and their Ln3+ complexes were investigated. Proton relaxometric in vitro studies at 20 MHz and 60 MHz and 37 °C of the Gd3+ complex containing free acid exhibited relative changes of up to 56 % in r1 relaxivity when the pH of the medium was changed from 4 to 7. This change is explained by the decrease in the number of coordinated water molecules from two to one. Temperature‐dependent relaxivity and NMRD profiles of Gd3+ complexes showed a fast water exchange and a slightly increased rotational correlation time, which is characteristic of phosphonate‐containing compounds. Thermodynamic and kinetic studies of the Gd3+ and Eu3+ complexes were performed by means of potentiometry and luminescence spectroscopy. The results indicate that the thermodynamic stability and kinetic inertness of these complexes are sufficient for their in vivo application. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Electroanalysis of Dopamine at RuO2 Modified Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotube Electrode
Authors: Jiang Liao‐Chuan , Zhang Wei‐De 
Published: June 2009

AbstractElectrochemical behavior of dopamine at the RuO2‐modified vertically aligned carbon nanotubes electrode was investigated by cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The RuO2‐modified carbon nanotube electrode showed higher electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of dopamine than the MWNTs electrode in 0.10 M phosphate buffer solution. At an applied potential of +0.4 V, the RuO2/MWNTs electrode exhibited a wide detection range up to 3.6×10−3 M with detection limit of 6.0×10−8 M (signal/noise=3) for dopamine determination. Meanwhile, the optimized sensor for dopamine displayed a sensitivity of 83.8 μA mM−1 and response time of 5 s with addition of 0.20 mM dopamine. In addition, DPV experiment revealed that interfering species such as ascorbic acid and uric acid could be effectively avoided. The RuO2/MWNTs electrode presents stable, highly sensitive, favorable selectivity and fast amperometric response of dopamine.
Concordance analysis of an in vitro micronucleus screening assay and the regulatory chromosome aberration assay using pharmaceutical drug candidates
Authors: Homiski Michael L. , Muehlbauer Paula A. , Dobo Krista L. , Schuler Maik J. , Aubrecht Jiri 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe in vitro micronucleus assay is under consideration by regulatory agencies as a suitable alternative to the in vitro chromosome aberration (CA) assay. At Pfizer, we utilized a non‐Good Laboratory practices cytokinesis‐block in vitro micronucleus (CBMN) assay in CHO cells as a screen to predict the regulatory outcome of the human lymphocyte CA assay, and we have retrospectively analyzed a highly select set of 112 internal drug candidates to measure concordance. Overall, our exploratory CBMN correctly classified 97 of 112 (86.6%) compounds in the CA assay. Specificity was high with 87 of 92 (94.6%) CA negative compounds correctly classified by CBMN. Sensitivity was low at 50% with 10 of 20 CA positive compounds correctly classified by CBMN; this may be attributed to the low number of CA positives in the select set. In an attempt to improve sensitivity, we increased the number of CA positives by combining our internal set with an industrial data set previously published (Miller B et al. 1997: Mutat Res 392:45–59). When combined, concordance was 86.7% (143/165), specificity was 91.2% (114/125), and sensitivity increased to 72.5% (29/40). Because cytotoxicity is considered a confounding factor of in vitro test systems, we also examined, within the Pfizer data set, the influence of cytotoxicity in the CBMN assay, and the results indicated that seemingly low (<50%) or excessively high (>70%) levels of cytotoxicity did not significantly alter predicted CA outcome. These collective analyses contribute to growing evidence that the CBMN assay is a suitable regulatory option in the standard battery of genetic toxicology tests. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Time domain finite element method analysis of multi‐conductor transmission lines
Authors: Lucic Rino , Juric‐Grgic Ivica , Kurtovic Mate 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis paper presents the finite element time domain (FETD) model for numerical solution of the multi‐conductor transmission line (MTL) problem. Based on the finite element method (FEM) and the generalised trapezoidal rule, a novel numerical procedure for solution of a system of the telegraph equations is presented. The method presented here is an extension of the method proposed in previous research, where electromagnetic transients in single networks with linear lossy transmission lines have been modelled. In order to show the principles of this numerical method, for sake of simplicity, we restrict the FETD model of the MTL problem only to the low frequency regime. The proposed numerical method has been tested and compared to the analytical and FDTD solutions, and excellent correlation has been demonstrated. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermogravimetric and Electrocatalytic Study of Carbon Deposition of Ag‐doped Ni/YSZ Electrodes under Internal CH4 Steam Reforming Conditions
Authors: Gavrielatos I. , Montinaro D. , Orfanidi A. , Neophytides S. G. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe effect of Ag addition on Ni/YSZ Carbon tolerance was studied by means of thermogravimetric, catalytic and electrocatalytic experiments. Ni/YSZ activity towards C deposition can be significantly decreased by adding 1 to 5 at.‐% (atomic ratio) Ag with respect to Ni. It was found that the activation energy of CH4 dissociation was increased from 61 kJ mol–1 on Ni/YSZ to 137 kJ mol–1 on Ni(5Ag)/YSZ. The electrode was significantly improved with regard to its C tolerance, even at a methane to water ratio as high as 4.35, at temperatures ranging between 923–1,023 K. At higher temperature most probably due to Ag evaporation from Ag‐doped Ni/YSZ surface, a severe anode catalytic and electrocatalytic activity degradation was observed.
The effect of presentation paradigm on syntactic processing: An event‐related fMRI study
Authors: Lee Donghoon , Newman Sharlene D. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAn event‐related fMRI study was conducted to investigate the effect of two different sentence presentation paradigms—rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) and whole sentence presentation—on syntactic processing. During scanning, sentences were presented using one of the two presentation paradigms and were followed by a short delay and a probe to verify sentence comprehension. The delay was included in an attempt to separate sentence‐related activity from probe‐related activity. The behavioral data showed a main effect of syntactic complexity for reaction time and accuracy, and accuracy revealed an interaction between complexity and the presentation paradigm employed—RSVP produced many more errors for syntactically complex sentences than did whole sentence presentation. The imaging data revealed a syntactic complexity effect during the sentence phase in left BA 44 and during the probe phase in left BA 44 and the left posterior MTG. In addition, timecourse analysis revealed that these two regions also showed an interaction between complexity and presentation paradigm such that there was no complexity effect during RSVP but a significant effect during whole sentence presentation. In addition to finding that these two presentation paradigms differentially affected syntactic processing, there were main effects within the visual pathway (V1/V2 vs. V5) and the hippocampus that revealed significant differences in activation between the paradigms. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The value of informal care–a further investigation of the feasibility of contingent valuation in informal caregivers
Authors: de Meijer Claudine , Brouwer Werner , Koopmanschap Marc , van den Berg Bernard , van Exel Job 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIncluding informal care in economic evaluations is increasingly advocated but problematic. We investigated three well‐known concerns regarding contingent valuation (CV): (1) the item non‐response of CV values, (2) the sensitivity of CV values to the individual circumstances of caring, and (3) the choice of valuation method by comparing willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) and willingness‐to‐accept (WTA) values for a hypothetical marginal change in hours of informal care currently provided.The study sample consisted of 1453 caregivers and 787 care recipients. Of the caregivers, 603 caregivers (41.5%) provided both WTP and WTA values, 983 (67.7%) provided at least one. Determinants of non‐response were dependent on the valuation method; primary determinants were education and satisfaction with amount of informal care provided. Caregivers' mean WTP (WTA) for reducing (increasing) informal care by 1 h was €9.13 (10.52). Care recipients' mean WTA (WTP) for reducing (increasing) informal care by 1 h was €8.88 (€6.85). Values were associated with a variety of characteristics of the caregiving situation; explanatory variables differed between WTP and WTA valuations. The differences between WTP and WTA valuations were small.Based on sensitivity CV appears to be a useful method to value informal care for use in economic evalations, non‐response, however, remains a matter of concern. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Targeting cadherin-17 inactivates Wnt signaling and inhibits tumor growth in liver carcinoma #
Authors: Liu Ling Xiao , Lee Nikki P. , Chan Vivian W. , Xue Wen , Zender Lars , Zhang Chunsheng , Mao Mao , Dai Hongyue , Wang Xiao Lin , Xu Michelle Z. , Lee Terence K. , Ng Irene O. , Chen Yangchao , Kung Hsiang-fu , Lowe Scott W. , Poon Ronnie T.P. , Wang Jian Hua , Luk John M. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a lethal malignancy for which there are no effective therapies. To develop rational therapeutic approaches for treating this disease, we are performing proof-of-principle studies targeting molecules crucial for the development of HCC. Here, we show that cadherin-17 (CDH17) adhesion molecule is up-regulated in human liver cancers and can transform premalignant liver progenitor cells to produce liver carcinomas in mice. RNA interference–mediated knockdown of CDH17 inhibited proliferation of both primary and highly metastatic HCC cell lines in vitro and in vivo. The antitumor mechanisms underlying CDH17 inhibition involve inactivation of Wnt signaling, because growth inhibition and cell death were accompanied by relocalization of β-catenin to the cytoplasm and a concomitant reduction in cyclin D1 and an increase in retinoblastoma. Conclusion: Our results identify CDH17 as a novel oncogene in HCC and suggest that CDH17 is a biomarker and attractive therapeutic target for this aggressive malignancy. (Hepatology 2009.)
The velocity‐related firing property of hippocampal place cells is dependent on self‐movement
Authors: Lu Xiaodong , Bilkey David K. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractHippocampal place cells have the interesting property of increasing their firing rate when a freely moving animal increases its running speed through the cell's place field. A previous study from this laboratory showed that this movement‐related firing property is disrupted by lesions of the perirhinal cortex (PrhC). It is possible, therefore, that PrhC lesions disrupt speed‐modulated sensory information such as optic flow or motor efferent or proprioceptive input that might be available to the hippocampus from the PrhC. To test this hypothesis, rats with single unit recording electrodes implanted in the CA1 region of the hippocampus received different levels of optic flow stimulation in both a freely moving and a passive movement condition. The effects of PrhC lesions were also tested. Although increasing the amount of optic flow information available decreased place field size, it had no discernable effect on the movement‐firing rate relationship in the place cells of control animals run in the free‐movement condition. In lesioned animals the relationship was disrupted, replicating our previous results. In the passive movement condition many place cells stopped firing. In those cells that did fire, however, the movement‐firing rate relationship was no longer evident. These data indicate that the movement‐firing rate relationship is not driven by vestibular or optic flow cues, but rather depends on either motor efferent or proprioceptive input, or that it results from some other form of input that may be modulated by self‐motion, such as from the vibrissae. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
β‐Cyclodextrin‐Promoted Addition of Benzeneselenol to Conjugated Alkenes in Water
Authors: Srinivas Boga , Kumar Vydyula Pavan , Sridhar Regati , Reddy Vutukuri Prakash , Nageswar Yadavalli Venkata Durga , Rao Kakulapati Rama 
Published: June 2009

Abstractmagnified imageFor the first time, a mild and efficient procedure was developed for the conjugate addition of α,β‐unsaturated compounds to benzeneselenol providing β‐(phenylseleno)‐substituted compounds (Scheme). The reaction was promoted by β‐cyclodextrin, proceeded in H2O at room temperature, and gave impressive yields (Table). The mechanism of the addition reaction, taking place within the cyclodextrin cavity, was supported by the analysis of the guests and host signals in the 1H‐NMR spectra (Fig. 1).
Chemical Constituents from Clerodendrum bungei and Their Cytotoxic Activities
Authors: Liu Shan‐Shan , Zhou Tong , Zhang Shu‐Wei , Xuan Li‐Jiang 
Published: June 2009

Abstractmagnified imageA new phenylethanoid glycoside, two new cyclohexylethanoids, one new phenolic glycoside, and a new farnesane‐type sesquiterpenoid, namely 2‐phenylethyl 3‐O‐(6‐deoxy‐α‐L‐mannopyranosyl)‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (1), 6″‐O‐[(E)‐caffeoyl] rengyoside B (2), clerodenone A (3), 2‐({6‐O‐[(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyl)carbonyl]‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl}oxy)‐2‐methylbutanoic acid (4), 2‐{(2S,5R)‐5‐[(1E)‐4‐hydroxy‐4‐methylhexa‐1,5‐dien‐1‐yl]‐5‐methyltetrahydrofuran‐2‐yl}propan‐2‐yl β‐D‐glucopyranoside (5), together with 16 known compounds, were isolated from the roots of Clerodendrum bungei. All structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. The new compounds showed modest in vitro inhibition of the proliferation of the HeLa human cervical carcinoma cell line (CCL‐2), with IC50 values in the range of 3.5–8.7 μM, adriamycin being used as positive control, with an IC50 value of 0.026±0.001 μM.
Donor–Acceptor‐Substituted Oligo(1,4‐phenylene)s
Authors: Kim Soungkyoo , Oehlhof Annette , Beile Bernhard , Meier Herbert 
Published: June 2009

Abstractmagnified imageOligo(para‐phenylene)s (DAOPPs) 2a–2d (n=1–4) with terminal donor–acceptor substitution (D=C6H13O, A=NO2) were prepared by applying Suzuki cross‐couplings for chain extension and end capping. The push–pull effect induces short‐reaching polarizations of the chain consisting of conjugated but twisted benzene rings, which was studied by NMR measurements. Electron excitation from the ground‐state S0 to the more planar first‐excited singlet state S1 is combined with a strong intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), which is documented by the red shift of the long‐wavelength absorption (charge‐transfer band) for short chains (one or two repeat units, n = 1 or 2). The opposite influence of decreasing ICT and increasing conjugation length leads to a bathochromic series (λmax(n+1)≥λmax(n)) with a fast saturation of λmax (n). The effective conjugation length nECL=4 corresponds to λ∞ 349 nm. These results are discussed in the context of other oligo(para‐phenylene)s (OPPs).