bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The chimpanzee brain shows human‐like perisylvian asymmetries in white matter
Authors: Cantalupo Claudio , Oliver Joanne , Smith Jarrod , Nir Talia , Taglialatela Jared P. , Hopkins William D. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractModern neuroimaging technologies allow scientists to uncover interspecies differences and similarities in hemispheric asymmetries that may shed light on the origin of brain asymmetry and its functional correlates. We analyzed asymmetries in ratios of white to grey matter in the lateral aspect of the lobes of the brains of chimpanzees. We found marked leftward asymmetries for all lobar regions. This asymmetry was particularly pronounced in the frontal region and was found to be related to handedness for communicative manual gestures as well as for tool use. These results point to a continuity in asymmetry patterns between the human and chimpanzee brain, and support the notion that the anatomical substrates for lateralization of communicative functions and complex manipulative activities may have been present in the common hominid ancestor.
Biosynthesis in vitro of high‐molecular mass fructan by cell‐free extracts from tuberous roots of Viguiera discolor (Asteraceae)
Authors: ITAYA NAIR M. , BUCKERIDGE MARCOS S. , FIGUEIREDO‐RIBEIRO RITA C. L. 
Published: July 2009

SUMMARYTuberous roots of Viguiera discolor accumulate up to 80% of their dry mass as fructans. The distribution pattern of oligomers suggests the predominance of anabolic reactions at the beginning of dormancy, when a continuous series of fructans between sucrose and higher polymers is present. This paper describes the synthesis in vitro of fructans of high molecular mass by enzyme extracts prepared from growing tuberous roots of V. discolor at the beginning of dormancy. Sucrose: sucrose fructosyl transferase activity was characterized by the synthesis of 1‐kestose from sucrose and fructan: fructan fructosyl transferase activity by the production of nystose from 1‐kestose. The optimal temperature for both activities was 30°C and the optimal pH range was between 5.5 and 6.0. The apparent Km for sucrose with respect to 1‐kestose synthesis was 173 mol m−3, whereas the Km for nystose synthesis from 1‐kestose was much higher (592 mol m−3). Long incubation periods (up to 264 h) with sucrose, 1‐kestose or nystose produced fructans of high molecular mass in vitro that resembled those found in vivo. Our data show that the higher the molecular mass of the substrate, the higher the average molecular mass of the product that was formed.
Fructan biosynthesis in excised leaves of Lolium temulentum
Authors: CAIRNS ANDREW J. , BONNETT GRAHAM D. , GALLAGHER JOSEPH A. , SIMPSON RICHARD J. , POLLOCK CHRISTOPHER J. 
Published: July 2009

SUMMARYA partially purified enzyme preparation from leaves of Lolium temulentum L. was previously shown to catalyse the net synthesis of oligofructans and polyfructans from sucrose. Here the same preparation is shown to catalyse the hydrolysis of both sucrose and oligofructans. The magnitude and properties of these hydrolytic activities have been determined. The significance of these catabolic activities for studies of fructan polymerization both in vitro and in tissues in a physiologically anabolic state are discussed.The preparation hydrolysed 1‐kestose, 6‐kestose, neokestose, inulin oligosaccharides of low degree of polymerization (DP 4 and 5) and endogenous oligofructans from L. temulentum, with the concomitant release of monosaccharide. The preparation also released reducing sugar at low rates from high molecular weight inulin but had no detectable activity against bacterial levan. Simultaneous incubation of sucrose and Neosugar (a commercially available mixture of predominantly β‐2, 1 linked tri‐, tetra‐ and penta‐saccharides) showed that sucrose was preferentially hydrolysed by the preparation, with Neosugar fructans being protected from hydrolysis at sucrose concentrations > 30 mol m−3. The kinetic properties for hydrolysis of both sucrose and Neosugar were determined. For sucrose and Neosugar respectively, Michaelis constants at 30°C and pH 6.0 were 7.7±0.5 and 14.1± 1.1 mol m−3 (as terminal fructose) and maximum velocities were 6.5 ± 0.1 and 2.7 ± 0.1 mg g−1 fr. wt h−1 (equivalent to 10.0 and 4.2 nkat g−1 as reducing sugar release). Maximal temperatures for activity were 45 and 44°C, and Arrhenius activation energies were 39.9 and 46.9 kJ mol−1. Preincubations for 1 h at 49 and 48°C caused 50% loss of activity in subsequent assays at 30°C. The pHs for maximal activity for the two substrates were 5.2 ± 0.1 and 5.5±0.1.Using size exclusion chromatography (SEC), an activity catalysing the formation of fructan oligosaccharides and another catalysing sucrose hydrolysis, were not fully resolved, but exhibited distinct profiles of elution indicating Mr of 57 and 133 kD respectively. When assayed for the hydrolysis of Neosugar, the SEC eluate exhibited two peaks of activity indicative of Mr values of 57 and 133 kD.
Fructo‐oligosaccharide content and fructosyltransferase activity during growth of onion bulbs
Authors: SHIOMI NORIO , ONODERA SHUICHI , SAKAI HIDEKI 
Published: July 2009

SUMMARYThe accumulation of fructo‐oligosaccharides and the activities of fructosyltransferase (sucrose: sucrose 1F‐fructosyltransferase (SST), 1F‐fructosyltransferase (1F‐FT) and 6G‐fructosyltransferase (6G‐FT)) in the bulbs of three onion cultivars were investigated from June to September 1993. The total fructo‐oligosaccharide content increased from June until August, then decreased in September, except in one cultivar. The levels of neokestose and its related tetrasaccharides (lF,6G‐di‐β‐d‐fructofuranosyl sucrose and 6G(1‐β‐d‐fructofuranosyl)2 sucrose) were higher than those of 1‐kestose and nystose throughout growth. The activities of 6G‐FT, 1F‐FT and SST were high in June and July, then decreased; SST activity was very low in September. The activity ratios of 6G‐FT to 1F‐FT varied between 1.86 and 2.65 over the growth period. Two trisaccharides, three tetrasaccharides and four pentasaccharides were identified, together with a mixture of hexa‐ and heptasaccharides, all of which were synthesized in vitro from 0.1 M sucrose by an enzyme preparation of onion bulbs harvested in August. Octa‐ and nonasaccharides other than the saccharides formed from sucrose were also synthesized from O.1 m 1‐kestose or 0.1 m neokestose. All the saccharides produced from sucrose, 1‐kestose or neokestose by the crude enzyme prepared from onion bulbs were identical to the saccharides occurring naturally in onion bulbs.
Fructan storage in tubers of Jerusalem artichoke: characterization of sink strength
Authors: SCHUBERT SVEN , FEUERLE ROBERT 
Published: July 2009

SUMMARYPossible limitations of sink strength for fructan storage in tubers of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L. cv. Waldspindel) were studied in 2‐yr field experiments. Treatments included the removing of side branches and the breaking of apical dominance in unbranched plants. Data from both treatments and the comparison of results obtained for 2 yr, which differed in temperature and total irradiance, indicated that fructan storage in tubers during the storage phase was not limited by supply of assimilate (sucrose). Moreover, fructan concentrations were very constant despite large variations in tuber yields and yield components (e.g. number of tubers per plant, tuber length). However, stimulation of cell expansion and diameter of tubers increased fructan concentrations, probably owing to a larger vacuolar volume in the storage cells. We concluded that fructan storage in tubers of Jerusalem artichoke is not source‐limited as far as carbon import into tubers is concerned. However, a strong shoot control, most probably regulated via phytohormones, limits sink strength. Fructan concentrations in tubers might not only be increased by sink activity (fructan‐synthesizing enzymes) but also by sink capacity (vacuolar volume). In this respect the shoot might play a decisive role not only as a temporary storage pool for carbohydrates but also as a source of native growth‐regulators which control sink capacity.
Fructan to nitrogen ratio as an indicator of nutrient stress in wheat crops
Authors: McGRATH V. B. , BLAKENEY A. B. , BATTEN G. D. 
Published: July 2009

SUMMARYWheat stems serve as a store for fructans to buffer the plant against nutritional and environmental influences. It has been suggested that fructan storage influences yield stability and tolerance of environmental factors. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) analysis provides a rapid and accurate assessment of the fructan content of the wheat stem, as well as allowing detection of growth‐limiting nutrient stresses, and so is proving to be a useful technique for making crop management decisions. Commercial laboratories using NIR analysis have been tissue‐testing crops in the eastern Australian wheat belt since 1993. In healthy, normally developing crops not under stress there is a predictable relationship between nitrogen and fructan. Investigation of the nitrogen and fructan concentrations in commercial crops has confirmed an inverse relationship between these two constituents. The function: Fructan (%) = a +bN %+cN %2 accounted for up to 81% of variation in tissue fructan concentration. In commercial tissue‐testing this relationship is used to detect crops under stresses other than nitrogen deficiency. If the fructan concentration deviates by more than 4 %, cereal growers are advised that their crop might be subject to other stresses which might reduce its response to applied nitrogen.
Right atrial thrombus due to internal jugular vein catheter
Authors: RAM Rapur , SWARNALATHA Gudithi , RAKESH Yarlagadda , JYOSTNA Maddury , PRASAD Neela , DAKSHINAMURTY Kaligotla Venkata 
Published: July 2009

AbstractRight atrial thrombus is rare complication of hemodialysis central venous catheter. Literature survey revealed 49 documentations of right atrial thrombus due to a central venous catheter. We report a 58‐year‐old type 2 diabetic, hypertensive, end‐stage renal disease patient, who 2 months after initiation of hemodialysis through a right internal jugular vein catheter, developed clinical features suggestive of pulmonary thromboembolism. An echocardiography revealed presence of a serpentine thrombus in right atrium. The internal jugular vein catheter was removed and unfractionated heparin was initiated. At the end of 6 weeks he was symptom free. We compared conservative treatment with surgery for RAT. Conservative management with central venous catheter removal and anticoagulation therapy is not inferior to the surgery.
Psychotic‐like experiences are associated with suicidal feelings and deliberate self‐harm behaviors in adolescents aged 12–15 years
Authors: Nishida A. , Sasaki T. , Nishimura Y. , Tanii H. , Hara N. , Inoue K. , Yamada T. , Takami T. , Shimodera S. , Itokawa M. , Asukai N. , Okazaki Y. 
Published: July 2009

Nishida A, Sasaki T, Nishimura Y, Tanii H, Hara N, Inoue K, Yamada T, Takami T, Shimodera S, Itokawa M, Asukai N, Okazaki Y. Psychotic‐like experiences are associated with suicidal feelings and deliberate self‐harm behaviors in adolescents aged 12–15 years.Objective:  Psychotic disorders are a significant risk factor for suicide, especially among young people. Psychotic‐like experiences (PLEs) in the general population may share an etiological background with psychotic disorders. Therefore, the present study examined the association between PLEs and risk of suicide in a community sample of adolescents.Method:  Psychotic‐like experiences, suicidal feelings, and self‐harm behaviors were studied using a self‐report questionnaire administered to 5073 Japanese adolescents. Depression and anxiety were evaluated using the 12‐item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ).Results:  The presence of PLEs was significantly associated with suicidal feelings (OR = 3.1, 95% CI = 2.2–4.5) and deliberate self‐harm behaviors (OR = 3.1, 95% CI = 2.0–4.8) after controlling for the effects of age, gender, GHQ‐12 score, victimization, and substance use. Suicidal feelings and behaviors were more prevalent in subjects with a greater number of PLEs.Conclusion:  Psychotic‐like experiences may increase the risk of suicidal problems among adolescents.
Periodontal health, oral health behaviours, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Wang Zuomin , Zhou Xuan , Zhang Jing , Zhang Liangqiong , Song Yiqing , Hu Frank B. , Wang Chen 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAim: To evaluate the associations of periodontal health status and oral health behaviours with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Materials and Methods: We conducted a case–control study of 306 COPD patients and 328 controls with normal pulmonary function. Their periodontal status and respiratory function were clinically examined and information on oral health behaviours was obtained using a validated questionnaire.Results: Patients with COPD had fewer teeth and a higher plaque index than the controls. Univariate analysis showed that tooth brushing times and method, experience of dental floss use, dental visit and regular supra‐gingival scaling, and oral health knowledge were significantly related to the risk of COPD. After adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index and stratifying by smoking status, inappropriate tooth brushing method (p=0.025 among non‐smokers), lower regular supra‐gingival scaling (p=0.027 among non‐smokers and p<0.0001 among former smokers), and poorer oral health knowledge (p<0.0001 among non‐smokers and p=0.019 among former smokers and p=0.044 among current smokers) remained significantly associated with COPD.Conclusions: Poor periodontal health, dental care, and oral health knowledge were significantly associated with an increased risk of COPD. Our findings indicate the importance of promoting dental care and oral health knowledge that can be integrated into the prevention and treatment of COPD.
Microsurgical access flap in conjunction with enamel matrix derivative for the treatment of intra‐bony defects: a controlled clinical trial
Authors: Fickl Stefan , Thalmair Tobias , Kebschull Moritz , Böhm Sonja , Wachtel Hannes 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjectives: The aims of this controlled study were to clinically and radiographically evaluate the effect of a microsurgical approach for the treatment of intra‐bony defects with and without an enamel matrix derivative (EMD). Parts of this study population were already published by Wachtel and colleagues in 2003.Material and Methods: Seventy intra‐bony defects were randomly assigned to a microsurgical access flap with application of EMD (test group) and on the contra‐lateral side to a microsurgical access flap alone (control group). Clinical and radiographic parameters were assessed at baseline and after 6 and 12 months.Results: Both test and control treatments resulted in a statistically significant mean clinical attachment level (CAL) gain, probing pocket depth (PPD) reduction and radiographic bone fill. The test group yielded statistically significantly more CAL gain, PPD reduction and radiographic bone fill than the control group. Gingival recession increase after 12 months averaged 0.5 and 0.7 mm for the test and control groups, and did not reach statistical significance. Two weeks after surgery, primary wound closure was maintained in 91% of the test sites and 97% of the control sites.Conclusion: The combination of a microsurgical access flap with EMD seems to be superior to open flap debridement in terms of PPD reduction, CAL gain and radiographic bone fill. In the test as well as the control group, primary wound closure was successfully achieved.
Sox9, more than a marker of the outer root sheath: spatiotemporal expression pattern during human cutaneous embryogenesis
Authors: Krahl Dieter , Sellheyer Klaus 
Published: July 2009

Background: The sex‐determining gene Sox9 was recently unexpectedly found to have an essential role in outer root sheath differentiation. It was also characterized as a general marker of basal cell carcinoma. Herein, we describe its spatiotemporal expression pattern outside the hair follicle during human cutaneous embryogenesis. Methods: We examined immunohistochemically samples from embryonic and fetal human skin for the expression of SOX9 using standard techniques. For comparison reasons, we also included scalp skin from adults. Results: SOX9 is expressed in the developing nail organ, eccrine glands, blood vessels and melanocytes/melanoblasts. In the nail organ, the nail bed but not the nail matrix was immunoreactive for SOX9. In plantar skin, SOX9 specifically labels the evolving eccrine glands but not the interfollicular keratinocytes. Conclusions: The distinctive expression pattern of SOX9 during human cutaneous embryogenesis indicates a key role in skin homeostasis that includes but goes beyond its role in outer root sheath differentiation. Studying immunohistochemical markers in developing human skin has the potential to further our understanding of adult skin physiology and to deepen our concepts especially of the histogenesis of adnexal tumors (including those of the nail unit) and the relationship of the various adnexal structures to each other.Krahl D and Sellheyer K. Sox9, more than a marker of the outer root sheath: spatiotemporal expression pattern during human cutaneous embryogenesis.
Cutaneous and systemic plasmacytosis in an Asian male born in the North American continent: A controversial entity potentially related to multicentric Castleman disease
Authors: Shadel Brooke N. , Frater John L. , Gapp Joshua D. G. , Hurley M. Yadira 
Published: July 2009

Cutaneous and systemic plasmacytosis is a rare condition primarily affecting middle‐aged individuals of Japanese descent and has principally been reported in cases originating from Asia. Its relationship, if any, to Castleman disease, is controversial. The authors report a case of cutaneous and systemic plasmacytosis involving a 36‐year‐old man of Chinese ancestry born in North America. The biopsy of an involved lymph node revealed changes resembling Castleman disease. Significantly, this case to our knowledge represents the first case of cutaneous and systemic plasmacytosis presenting in a patient of Chinese ancestry born on the North American mainland.Shadel BN, Frater JL, Gapp JDG, Hurley MY. Cutaneous and systemic plasmacytosis in an Asian male born in the North American continent: A controversial entity potentially related to multicentric Castleman disease.
In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy of supernumerary nipple and differential diagnosis from melanocytic lesions
Authors: Kanitakis Jean 
Published: July 2009

Supernumerary nipples (SN) represent a developmental abnormality present in 1–6% of the population at large. Although the clinical diagnosis is as a rule easy, this lesion can mimic lentigos and melanocytic nevi, with which it may share some dermatoscopic features. Reflectance confocal microscopy is a new imaging technique that allows in vivo visualization of normal and pathologic skin structures, and is especially useful in the diagnosis of pigmented skin lesions. The reflectance confocal microscopic features of SN are described here, and the potential usefulness of this technique in the differential diagnosis of this lesion from its main clinical mimics is briefly discussed.Kanitakis J. In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy of supernumerary nipple and differential diagnosis from melanocytic lesions.
The intermediate effect and the diagnostic accuracy in clinical case recall of students and experts in dental medicine
Authors: Eberhard J. , Klomp H.‐J. , Föge M. , Hedderich J. , Schmidt H. G. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIntroduction:  The extensive knowledge of experts facilitates the solving of domain‐specific problems. In general, this is due to the fact that experts recall more detailed information than do novices or even advanced students. However, if physicians of different expertise levels are asked to write down the details of a given case, advanced medical students recall more information than experts. This phenomenon was called the ‘intermediate effect’ and is considered to be a specific feature of medical expertise. The aim of the here presented study was to examine this observation in the domain of dental medicine.Materials and methods:  Sixty‐one students and 20 specialised dentists participated in this study. Three clinical case descriptions were presented and afterwards the participants were told to write down all concrete information they remembered. Finally, they had to come up with a diagnosis. Interrater agreement, diagnostic accuracy and the recall explanation protocols were analysed statistically in comparison to state‐of‐the‐art (canonical) explanations of the clinical cases.Results:  The mean interrater agreement was 96.2 ± 3.37%. It was shown statistically that the more experienced the participants, the more accurate their diagnoses were (P < 0.001). The statistical analysis using the Games‐Howell test demonstrated significant more written recall of the 5th‐year students compared with 3rd‐ and 4th‐year students and experts (P < 0.05).Conclusion:  The results of this study suggest the existence of the intermediate effect in clinical case recall in dental medicine and thereby corroborate its importance and general applicability for different medical domains.
Integrated teaching of basic and clinical sciences in anxiety and pain management
Authors: Craddock H. L. , Carry J. A. , Kelly S. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractLike many other UK Dental Schools, Leeds Dental Institute has undertaken a commitment to integrated learning within its new curriculum. From an educational viewpoint, contextualisation of learning presents opportunities for deeper levels of learning. This can be particularly useful in embedding basic sciences in the dental curriculum. The General Dental Council in their document `The First Five Years' endorse this approach to learning. The Year 1 Anxiety and Pain Management course has been designed to integrate basic and clinical sciences, interdisciplinary learning and learning with other members of the dental team. This paper describes the structure of the course, its place within the horizontal and vertical learning themes, as well as describing the response of staff and students to this type of course.
Patient satisfaction relating to implant treatment by undergraduate and postgraduate dental students – a pilot study
Authors: Harrison P. , Polyzois I. , Houston F. , Claffey N. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractRecordings of patient satisfaction with provision of dental implant treatment are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate satisfaction amongst patients attending for provision of implant treatment by training undergraduate and postgraduate students at Dublin Dental School and Hospital (DDSH). A questionnaire was formulated and distributed to 100 individuals randomly selected from records of patients who had received implant treatment via student clinics in the previous 5 years. The response rate was 68%. Results showed a high overall level of satisfaction with treatment received.
Discharge Readiness: An Integrative Review Focusing on Discharge Following Pediatric Hospitalization
Authors: Lerret Stacee M. 
Published: July 2009

PURPOSE.  This review aims to identify factors associated with parental discharge readiness following pediatric hospitalization, with focus applicability to solid organ transplant patients.DESIGN AND METHODS.  Thirty‐eight publications, including research and clinical practice papers, were identified using Cooper's methodology for conducting integrative research reviews (1982).RESULTS.  Four concepts emerged influencing discharge readiness: support, identification of unique and individual needs, education, and communication and coordination. Synthesis of themes resulted in two overarching concepts: meaningful interactions and confidence building.PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS.  Nurses have a singular opportunity to enhance meaningful interactions and confidence building, ultimately promoting a successful transition home.