bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic risk analysis using alarm databases to improve process safety and product quality: Part I—Data compaction
Authors: Pariyani Ankur , Seider Warren D. , Oktem Ulku G. , Soroush Masoud 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn most industrial processes, vast amounts of data are recorded through their distributed control systems (DCSs) and emergency shutdown (ESD) systems. This two‐part article presents a dynamic risk analysis methodology that uses alarm databases to improve process safety and product quality. The methodology consists of three steps: (i) tracking of abnormal events over an extended period of time, (ii) event‐tree and set‐theoretic formulations to compact the abnormal‐event data, and (iii) Bayesian analysis to calculate the likelihood of the occurrence of incidents. Steps (i) and (ii) are presented in Part I and step (iii) in Part II. The event‐trees and set‐theoretic formulations allow compaction of massive numbers (millions) of abnormal events. For each abnormal event, associated with a process or quality variable, its path through the safety or quality systems designed to return its variable to the normal operation range is recorded. Event trees are prepared to record the successes and failures of each safety or quality system as it acts on each abnormal event. Over several months of operation, on the order of 106 paths through event trees are stored. The new set‐theoretic structure condenses the paths to a single compact data record, leading to significant improvement in the efficiency of the probabilistic calculations and permitting Bayesian analysis of large alarm databases in real time. As a case study, steps (i) and (ii) are applied to an industrial, fluidized‐catalytic‐cracker. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
High prevalence of polyclonal hypergamma‐globulinemia in adult males in Ghana, Africa
Authors: Buadi Francis , Hsing Ann W. , Katzmann Jerry A. , Pfeiffer Ruth M. , Waxman Adam , Yeboah Edward D. , Biritwum Richard B. , Tettey Yao , Adjei Andrew , Chu Lisa W. , DeMarzo Angelo , Netto George J. , Dispenzieri Angela , Kyle Robert A. , Rajkumar S. Vincent , Landgren Ola 
Published: March 2011

AbstractChronic antigenic stimulation is associated with hypergamma‐globulinemia. Higher rates of hypergamma‐globulinemia in tropical populations are maintained even with migration to temperate regions. We conducted a population‐based screening study to assess the prevalence and risk factors for hypergamma‐globulinemia in Ghana, Africa. 917 Ghanaian males (50–74 years) underwent in‐person interviews and health examinations. Serum from all persons was analyzed by electrophoresis performed on agarose gel; serum with a discrete/localized band was subjected to immunofixation. 54 persons with monoclonal proteins were excluded and 17 samples were insufficient for analysis. Using logistic regression and Chi‐square statistics we analyzed patterns of hypergamma‐globulinemia. Among 846 study subjects, the median γ‐globulin level was 1.86 g/dL. On the basis of a U.S. reference, 616 (73%) had hypergamma‐globulinemia (>1.6 g/dL) and 178 (21%) had γ‐globulin levels >2.17 gm/dl. On multivariate analyses, lower education status (P = 0.0013) and never smoking (P = 0.038) were associated with increased γ‐globulin levels. Self‐reported history of syphilis was associated with hypergamma‐globulinemia. We conclude that three quarters of this population‐based adult Ghanaian male sample had hypergamma‐globulinemia with γ‐globulin levels >1.6 g/dL. Future studies are needed to uncover genetic and environmental underpinnings of our finding, and to define the relationship between hypergamma‐globulinemia, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), and multiple myeloma. Am. J. Hematol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and application of long‐chain alkyl quaternary ammonium‐functionalized hyperbranched polyester
Authors: Du Yingying , Chen Qianlan , Shen Li , Xing Yanjun , Dai Jinjin 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA novel kind of macromolecule, long‐chain alkyl quaternary ammonium functionalized hyperbranched polyester (QHPE), was synthesized by the reaction of hyperbranched polyester Boltorn H30 (H30) and 2,3‐epoxypropyl alkyl dimethyl ammonium chloride under alkaline conditions in dimethylformamide. After modification, the hydroxyl terminal group of H30 was converted into an ammonium functional group. A series of products was obtained with different lengths of an alkyl chain (C8, C12, C16, and C18) in the ammonium functional group. All of the products were characterized by Fourier transform infrared and NMR spectroscopy. The application of QHPEs as accelerators for the alkaline hydrolysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fabric was studied. The influences of the structure of QHPEs and hydrolysis conditions, such as alkaline concentration, hydrolysis time, and temperature, on the weight loss of PET fabrics were investigated. The results indicated that QHPE was a novel, efficient accelerator for the alkaline hydrolysis of PET fabrics. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Impact of deprivation on short- and long-term outcomes after colorectal cancer surgery
Authors: Bharathan B , Welfare M , Borowski D W , Mills S J , Steen I N , Kelly S B 
Published: March 2011

Abstract

Background
The aim of the study was to determine the association between short- and long-term outcomes and deprivation for patients undergoing operative treatment for colorectal cancer in the Northern Region of England.

Methods
This was a retrospective analytical study based on the Northern Region Colorectal Cancer Audit Group database for the period 1998–2002. The Index of Multiple Deprivation 2004, an area-based measure, was recalibrated and used to quantify deprivation. Patients were ranked based on their postcode of residence and grouped into five categories.

Results
Of 8159 patients in total, 7352 (90·1 per cent) had surgery; 6953 (94·6 per cent) of the 7352 patients underwent tumour resection and 4935 (67·7 per cent) of 7294 had a margin-negative (R0) resection. Deprivation was not associated with age, sex, tumour site, stage or other tumour-related factors. Compared with the most affluent group, the most deprived patients had fewer elective operations (72·9 versus 76·4 per cent; P = 0·014), more adverse co-morbidity (P &lt; 0·001) and fewer curative resections (65·5 versus 71·2 per cent; P &lt; 0·001). In multivariable analysis, deprivation was not an independent predictor of postoperative death (odds ratio (OR) 0·72, 95 per cent confidence interval 0·48 to 1·06; P = 0·101) but it was a predictor of curative resection (OR 1·24, 1·01 to 1·52; P = 0·042), overall survival (HR 0·83, 0·73 to 0·95; P = 0·006) and relative survival (HR 0·74, 0·58 to 0·95; P = 0·023).

Conclusion
Deprivation, both independently and by influencing other surgical predictors, impacts on short- and long-term outcomes of patients with colorectal cancer.
Effect of North Bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane 2′‐Deoxy‐pseudosugars on RNA Interference: A Novel Class of siRNA Modification
Authors: Terrazas Montserrat , Ocampo Sandra M. , Perales José Carlos , Marquez Victor E. , Eritja Ramon 
Published: March 2011

AbstractNorth bicyclo methanocarba thymidine (TN) nucleosides were substituted into siRNAs to investigate the effect of bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane 2′‐deoxy‐pseudosugars on RNA interference activity. Here we provide evidence that these modified siRNAs are compatible with the intracellular RNAi machinery. We studied the effect of the TN modification in a screen involving residue‐specific changes in an siRNA targeting Renilla luciferase and we applied the most effective pattern of modification to the knockdown of murine tumor necrosis factor (TNF‐α). We also showed that incorporation of TN units into siRNA duplexes increased their thermal stabilities, substantially enhanced serum stabilities, and decreased innate immunostimulation. Comparative RNAi studies involving the TN substitution and locked nucleic acids (LNAs) showed that the gene‐silencing activities of TN‐modified siRNAs were comparable to those obtained with the LNA modification. An advantage of the North 2′‐deoxy‐methanocarba modification is that it may be explored further in the future by changing the 2′‐position. The results from these studies suggest that this modification might be valuable for the development of siRNAs for therapeutic applications.
An exceptional combination of congenital coronary anomalies
Authors: Kharrat Ilyes , El‐Fassy Eric , Amabile Nicolas 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe present a case of congenital coronary artery anomalies combining the absence of the circumflex artery, ectopic origins of left anterior descending and diagonal arteries and abnormal courses of these vessels. These rare anomalies were detected during an elective coronary angiography in a patient with stable angina that was related to significant stenosis of the posterolateral and middle right coronary artery. A computed tomography scanner with three‐dimensional reconstructions confirmed the anatomy.© 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
A Facile Route to Difunctionalized Monosubstituted Octasilsesquioxanes
Authors: Liu Hongzhi , Puchberger Michael , Schubert Ulrich 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA series of difunctionalized monosubstituted octasilsesquioxanes have been synthesized that bear ester, amino acid, alcohol, haloalkyl, or azido functional groups. These units are suitable nanobuilding blocks for the preparation of new organic–inorganic hybrid materials.
Lanthanide‐Containing Photoluminescent Materials: From Hybrid Hydrogel to Inorganic Nanotubes
Authors: Qiao Yan , Lin Yiyang , Zhang Shaofei , Huang Jianbin 
Published: March 2011

AbstractFunctional photoluminescent materials are emerging as a fascinating subject with versatile applicability. In this work, luminescent organic–inorganic hybrid hydrogels are facilely designed through supramolecular self‐assembly of sodium cholate, and lanthanide ions such as Eu3+, Tb3+, and Eu3+/Tb3+. Fluorescence microscopy and TEM visualization demonstrates the existence of spontaneously self‐assembled nanofibers and 3D networks in hybrid hydrogel. Photoluminescence enhancement of lanthanide ions is realized through coordination with cholate and co‐assembly into 1D nanofibers, which can successfully shield the Eu3+ from being quenched by water. The photoluminescence emission intensity of a hybrid hydrogel exhibits strong dependence on europium/cholate molar ratio, with maximum emission appearing at a stoichiometry of 1:3. Furthermore, the emission color of a lanthanide–cholate hydrogel can be tuned by utilizing different lanthanide ions or co‐doping ions. Moreover, photoluminescent lanthanide oxysulfide inorganic nanotubes are synthesized by means of a self‐templating approach based on lanthanide–cholate supramolecular hydrogels. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the lanthanide oxysulfide inorganic nanotubes are prepared in solution under mild conditions.
Synthesis of Redox‐Active, Intramolecular Charge‐Transfer Chromophores by the [2+2] Cycloaddition of Ethynylated 2H‐Cyclohepta[b]furan‐2‐ones with Tetracyanoethylene
Authors: Shoji Taku , Higashi Junya , Ito Shunji , Okujima Tetsuo , Yasunami Masafumi , Morita Noboru 
Published: March 2011

AbstractEthynylated 2H‐cyclohepta[b]furan‐2‐ones 5–15 have been prepared by Pd‐catalyzed alkynylation of 3‐iodo‐5‐isopropyl‐2H‐cyclohepta[b]furan‐2‐one (2) with the corresponding ethynylarenes or the reaction of 2‐iodothiophene with 3‐ethynyl‐5‐isopropyl‐2H‐cyclohepta[b]furan‐2‐one (4) under Sonogashira–Hagihara conditions. Compounds 5–15 reacted with tetracyanoethylene in a formal [2+2] cycloaddition reaction, followed by ring opening of the initially formed [2+2] cycloadducts, cyclobutenes, to afford the corresponding 1,1,4,4‐tetracyanobutadienyl (TCBD) chromophores 16–26 in excellent yields. The intramolecular charge‐transfer interactions between the 2H‐cyclohepta[b]furan‐2‐one ring and TCBD acceptor moiety were investigated by UV/Vis spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. The redox behavior of the novel TCBD derivatives 16–26 was examined by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry, which revealed multistep electrochemical reduction properties, depending on the number of TCBD units in the molecule. Moreover, a significant color change was observed by UV/Vis spectroscopy under electrochemical reduction conditions.
Enhancement of the performance of kinetic inhibitors in the presence of polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide for binary mixtures during gas hydrate formation in a flow mini‐loop apparatus
Authors: Talaghat Mohammad Reza 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe objective of this work is to demonstrate the impact of the polyethylene oxide (PEO) and polypropylene oxide (PPO) on the performance of gas hydrate kinetic inhibitors for binary mixtures during gas hydrate formation in a flow mini‐loop apparatus. PEO and PPO are commercially available polymers that they have been considered to be unable to exhibit kinetic hydrate inhibition (KHI) by their self. Prevention of gas hydrate formation experiments in the presence of the KHIs solutions were conducted in a flow mini‐loop apparatus manner under suitable pressures and temperature conditions for binary gaseous mixtures including 70% CH4/30% C3H8, 30% CH4/70% C3H8, 70% CH4/30% i‐C4H10, and 30% CH4/70% i‐C4H10. In the experiments, induction time for crystallisation of gas hydrate formation and gas consumption rate are investigated in systems without KHI, containing KHI only (such as polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and L‐tyrosine) and PEO or PPO together with KHI. Pressure is maintained at a constant value during experimental runs by means of required gas make‐up. The addition of a KHI into system delayed the onset of hydrate crystal nucleation. Furthermore, addition of the PEO or PPO to a KHI solution was found to enhance the performance of KHI. In addition, under the same pressure temperature hydrate formation conditions the induction time is longer when the PPO is present. Thus, inclusion of PPO into a KHI solution shows a higher enhancement in its inhibiting performance compare to PEO. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Neuropeptide S Receptor: Recent Updates on Nonpeptide Antagonist Discovery
Authors: Dal Ben Diego , Antonini Ippolito , Buccioni Michela , Lambertucci Catia , Marucci Gabriella , Thomas Ajiroghene , Volpini Rosaria , Cristalli Gloria 
Published: March 2011

AbstractNeuropeptide S (NPS) is a 20‐amino acid peptide of great interest due to its possible involvement in several biological processes, including food intake, locomotion, wakefulness, arousal, and anxiety. Structure–activity relationship studies of NPS have identified key points for structural modifications with the goal of modulating NPS receptor (NPSR) agonist activity or achieving antagonism at the same receptor. Only limited information is available for nonpeptide NPSR antagonists. In the last year, several studies have been reported in literature which present various series of small molecules as antagonists of this receptor. The results allow a comparison of the structures and activities of these molecules, leading to the design of new ligands with increased potency and improved pharmacological and pharmacokinetic profiles. This work presents a brief overview of the available information regarding structural features and pharmacological characterization of published nonpeptide NPSR antagonists.
Establishing composite SLAs through concurrent QoS negotiation with surplus redistribution
Authors: Richter J. , Baruwal Chhetri M. , Kowalczyk R. , Bao Vo Q. 
Published: March 2011

SUMMARYThe end‐to‐end QoS negotiation for service level agreement establishment for composite services involves compound multi‐party negotiations in which the composite service provider concurrently negotiates with multiple candidates for each atomic service, selecting the one that best satisfies the atomic service QoS preferences while ensuring that the end‐to‐end QoS requirements are also fulfilled. In order to be able to negotiate with potential candidates, it is necessary to derive the atomic utility boundaries from the global utility boundary. Additionally, there has to be a mechanism for updating these boundaries in subsequent negotiation rounds based on the individual negotiation outcomes. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for the decomposition of global utility boundary into atomic service utility boundaries, and the surplus redistribution from successful negotiation outcomes among the remaining negotiations. The proposed mechanism is a practical approach to efficiently coordinate concurrent service negotiations within complex workflows, enabling the iterative and interactive adjustment of the negotiation boundaries for each atomic service in a composition based on the performance of other atomic negotiations. We demonstrate the feasibility of our approach by evaluating it with some popular negotiation strategies using the Specialized Property Search Scenario. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intermolecular Interactions in Photodamaged DNA from Density Functional Theory Symmetry‐Adapted Perturbation Theory
Authors: Sadeghian Keyarash , Bocola Marco , Schütz Martin 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe intermolecular interactions of the photodamaged cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) lesion with adjacent nucleobases in the native intrahelical DNA double strand are investigated at the level of density functional theory symmetry‐adapted perturbation theory (DFT‐SAPT) and compared to the original (or repaired) case with pyrimidines (TpT) instead of CPD. The CPD aggregation is on average destabilized by about 6 kcal mol−1 relative to that involving TpT. The effect of destabilization is asymmetric, that is, it involves a single H‐bonding (Watson–Crick (WC) type) base‐pair interaction.
Analysis and design of a half‐bridge LLC series resonant converter employing two transformers
Authors: Lo Yu‐Kang , Lin Jing‐Yuan , Lin Chung‐Yi 
Published: March 2011

SUMMARYThis paper presents a two‐transformer LLC series resonant converter (SRC), which is derived from incorporating two identical converters. The proposed converter allows a low‐profile power supply design for liquid crystal display (LCD) TVs and servers. The presented converter can equally share the total load current between two transformers and the output rectifier modules. Therefore, the heat problem can be effectively relieved. The steady‐state analysis and design of this new two‐transformer LLC SRC are described. The experimental results are recorded for a prototype converter with an output voltage of 12thinspaceV, an output power of 300 W, and a resonant frequency of 74 kHz. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiple catastrophic fault diagnosis of analog circuits considering the component tolerances
Authors: Tadeusiewicz Michał , Hałgas Stanisław , Korzybski Marek 
Published: March 2011

SUMMARYThis paper deals with the diagnosis of multiple catastrophic faults, being cuts (open‐circuits) of some connecting paths and/or short‐circuits of some pairs of points in analog circuits. A method enabling us to detect and identify the faults, taking into account the deviations of the circuit parameters within their tolerance ranges, is developed. The method exploits an appropriate fault dictionary. The fault dictionary is used only for preliminary identification of the faults, because it is based on the analysis of the circuits with nominal parameters. The crucial point of the method is a verification procedure, proposed in this paper, based on the linear programming approach. It leads to the results considering the component variations within their tolerance ranges. In addition, a procedure for selecting appropriate test points, employing some evolutionary techniques, is developed. Although the approach presented in this paper is described in detail for linear circuits, it can be directly generalized to nonlinear circuits. Three numerical examples, including two linear and one nonlinear circuits, illustrate the proposed method and show its efficiency. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On global asymptotic stability for a class of delayed neural networks
Authors: Lam James , Xu Shengyuan , Ho Daniel W. C. , Zou Yun 
Published: March 2011

SUMMARYThis paper deals with the problem of stability analysis for a class of delayed neural networks described by nonlinear delay differential equations of the neutral type. A new and simple sufficient condition guaranteeing the existence, uniqueness and global asymptotic stability of an equilibrium point of such a kind of delayed neural networks is developed by the Lyapunov–Krasovskii method. The condition is expressed in terms of a linear matrix inequality, and thus can be checked easily by recently developed standard algorithms. When the stability condition is applied to the more commonly encountered delayed neural networks, it is shown that our result can be less conservative. Examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed criteria. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Breaking symmetry: The zebrafish as a model for understanding left‐right asymmetry in the developing brain
Authors: Roussigné Myriam , Blader Patrick , Wilson Stephen W. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractHow does left‐right asymmetry develop in the brain and how does the resultant asymmetric circuitry impact on brain function and lateralized behaviors? By enabling scientists to address these questions at the levels of genes, neurons, circuitry and behavior, the zebrafish model system provides a route to resolve the complexity of brain lateralization. In this review, we present the progress made towards characterizing the nature of the gene networks and the sequence of morphogenetic events involved in the asymmetric development of zebrafish epithalamus. In an attempt to integrate the recent extensive knowledge into a working model and to identify the future challenges, we discuss how insights gained at a cellular/developmental level can be linked to the data obtained at a molecular/genetic level. Finally, we present some evolutionary thoughts and discuss how significant discoveries made in zebrafish should provide entry points to better understand the evolutionary origins of brain lateralization. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 72: 269–281, 2012
In‐situ Synchrotron X‐ray Diffraction Study of the Formation of Cubic Li2TiO3 Under Hydrothermal Conditions
Authors: Laumann Andreas , Ørnsbjerg Jensen Kirsten Marie , Tyrsted Christoffer , Bremholm Martin , Fehr Karl Thomas , Holzapfel Michael , Iversen Bo Brummerstedt 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSynchrotron powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) has been used to study in‐situ the hydrothermal intercalation of lithium ions in titania powder following the reaction TiO2 + 2 LiOH → Li2TiO3 + H2O. Syntheses were performed in a sapphire capillary at temperatures between 133 and 230 °C. By sequential Rietveld refinement of the PXRD data, the particle growth of the metastable cubic α‐Li2TiO3 compound was determined as a function of the reaction time, as well as the transformation of the cubic α‐phase to its stable monoclinic β‐modifications at a temperature above the critical point of water. The reactions were presumed to be controlled by nucleation and crystal growth, and therefore the Avrami‐Erofe'ef equation was applied to model the reaction mechanisms of this intercalation process and an activation energy of 66(7) kJ/mol was determined.
Ring‐Opening of Epoxides in Water
Authors: Bonollo Simona , Lanari Daniela , Vaccaro Luigi 
Published: March 2011

AbstractEpoxides and water mix well together. The use of water represents an intriguing alternative to organic solvents, not only for developing green processes but also for exploring a totally new and peculiar reactivity. Epoxides react very efficiently in water with several nucleophiles, and several examples in the literature report that the use of water as reaction medium is essential for realizing processes that cannot be performed alternatively in other reaction media. This contribution is devoted to highlight the unique role of water in the ring‐opening reactions of epoxides.