bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the Coefficient of Lateral Earth Pressure at Rest (K
o) from In Situ Seismic Tests
Authors: Cai Guojun , Liu Songyu , Puppala Anand J. , Tong Liyuan 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The coefficient of the earth pressure at rest (Ko) is an important soil parameter that influences shear strength, stress-strain behavior, and compressibility characteristics of both cohesive and cohesionless soils. This paper presents a research study in which the Ko values of natural soil deposits are interpreted on the basis of seismic shear wave velocity measurements made at two research sites in Jiangsu province of China. Seismic piezocone penetration tests and cross-hole seismic logging tests were performed at both sites and these results have been used in two existing Ko-shear wave velocity models for prediction of Ko. The predicted Ko at both sites are compared with values determined utilizing Jaky’s formula via laboratory measured strength parameters. Certain variations between predictions and measurements are noted for soils at shallow depths, which are attributed to stress history and desiccation in these layers. Further analysis developed correction factors that accounted for both soil types and overconsolidation ratio effects. These factors can be used with original models for better interpretation of Ko for overconsolidated clays. This approach showed a reasonable match between interpreted Ko properties from both models and those that utilize laboratory test results.
The Contribution of Mobile Bearing Knee Design in Optimizing Tibial Rotation in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Stiehl James B. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
This study assessed the alignment and rotation in mobile bearing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with the tibia cut first technique using an imageless referencing computer navigation protocol evaluating 41 patients. Prerelease mechanical alignment (MA) averaged 7° varus +/−5° (Range: 8° valgus to 20° varus). Post implant MA was 0.5° varus +/−1.2° (Range: 2° valgus to 3° varus). Post operative radiographic MA was 0.3° varus +/−1.3° (Range: 2° valgus to 2° varus). The baseline measurement of tibial rotation from 0° to 90° flexion was 6°+/−7.2° of tibial internal rotation (Range: 8° external rotation to 19.5° internal rotation). The post implant tibial rotation from 0° to 90° flexion was 3.6°+/−8° of tibial internal rotation (Range: 17° external rotation to 29° internal rotation). Of the baseline group, 25 % demonstrated tibial external rotation with flexion. After TKA, 28 % had tibial external rotation with flexion. When comparing the nominal tibial position in relation to the femur at 0° before and after TKA, the tibial rotation point at 0° moved more externally in 21 % and more internally in the rest with mean change for the overall group of 3.9° of internal rotation (Range: 17° internal to 5° external). This study identified significant changes in knee rotation that may be caused by correction of alignment and deformity. Mobile bearing implants by nature of unconstrained rotation are likely to accommodate these variations. This feature could be defined as a significant advantage over fixed-bearing prostheses.
Effects of Air Speed and Liquid Temperature on Droplet Size
Authors: Hoffmann W. Clint , Fritz Bradley K. , Bagley W. E. , Lan Yubin 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Advancements in both application hardware (e.g., nozzles and spray assist devices) and spray property modification products have led to a number of products that are specifically designed to maximize the on-target deposition and minimize off-target movement of spray droplets. Testing protocols are being developed to objectively measure spray drift reduction from a wide range of drift reduction technologies (DRTs) including spray nozzles, sprayer modifications, spray delivery assistance, spray property modifiers (adjuvants), and/or landscape modifications. Using a DRT evaluation protocol, the objectives of this work were to study the effects of different air speeds on droplet size from different spray nozzles and spray solutions and to further evaluate the effects of differences in liquid and air temperature on droplet size at the different air speeds tested. Measured spray droplet size was significantly affected by changes in airspeed with the DV0.5 increasing by ∼30–100 μm and the percent of spray volume less than 200 μm decreasing by 50 % or more as the tunnel airspeed was increased from 0.5 to 6.7 m/s (1 to 15 miles per hour), depending on the spray solution, spray nozzle, and air speed. The data also showed a lesser influence of temperature differential between the spray solution and ambient air, with the differences seen most likely resulting from changes in spray solution physical properties with the changes in liquid temperature. Most importantly, this study demonstrated that a reference nozzle evaluated under the same conditions resulted in the reduction in driftable fines while the DRT remained constant across all conditions tested.
Effect of Cooling Rate During Quenching on the Toughness of High Speed Steels
Authors: Gonçalves Cristiane Sales , Slaviero André Luiz , Mesquita Rafael Agnelli , Tschiptschin André Paulo , Haddad Paulo de Tarso 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
High speed steels are usually employed in cutting tools and forming dies. Heat treatment is an important step during the tool manufacturing process, being responsible for most of the final properties, mainly hardness and toughness. In this context, an especial interest relies on the effect of hardening variables on mechanical properties and tool performance. The present paper aimed to study the effect of cooling rate during the quenching process of standard designation AISI M2 high speed steel, under typical industrial conditions. The experiments were carried out in an industrial vacuum furnace, with high pressure nitrogen quenching. Several cooling rates were obtained by variation of the nitrogen pressure and by the use of test specimens with different dimensions. Toughness results were mainly evaluated through static bend test. Low cooling rates were shown to decrease material toughness and large parts presented a decrease in mechanical properties from surface to core regions. Carbide precipitation on grain boundaries are pointed as the main explanation for all these effects.
Clinically Significant Drug Interactions in Younger and Older Human Immunodeficiency Virus‐Positive Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Yiu Pannyun , Nguyen Nancy N. , Holodniy Mark 
Published: April 2011

Study Objective. To characterize clinically significant drug interactions (CSDIs) in younger and older human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐positive patients who were receiving antiretroviral therapy.Design. Retrospective medical record review.Setting. HIV specialty clinic at a Veterans Affairs medical center.Patients. A total of 110 younger (age < 50 yrs) and older (age ≥ 50 yrs) HIVpositive patients receiving antiretroviral therapy during 2007.Measurements and Main Results. Demographic, clinical, and prescription drug data were collected. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic drug interactions were identified, assigned a severity grade, and evaluated for management according to two sources. Interactions with a grade of 2 (monitoring or timing of doses recommended), 3 (therapy modification recommended), or 4 (contraindicated) were considered CSDIs. Among 36 younger and 74 older patients, 763 CSDIs were identified. At least one CSDI was present in 83.3% and 89.2% of younger and older patients, respectively (p=0.56), with most having both antiretroviral and nonantiretroviral CSDIs. Younger and older patients, respectively, had a median of 3 and 5.5 total CSDIs/patient (p=0.09), 2 and 3 antiretroviral CSDIs/patient (p=0.65), and 0.5 and 2.5 nonantiretroviral CSDIs/patient (p=0.04). The proportions of grade 2, 3, and 4 CSDIs were 74.1%, 25.0%, and 0.9%, respectively, in younger patients and 73.1%, 26.1%, and 0.7%, respectively, in older patients (p=0.92). Younger patients had more CSDIs involving antihistamine, erectile dysfunction, and hormone or corticosteroid agents (p<0.01), whereas older patients had more CSDIs involving antihypertensive and antidiabetic agents (p<0.001). Management and outcomes of grades 3 and 4 antiretroviral CSDIs did not differ significantly by age. A list of frequently mismanaged interactions is provided.Conclusion. Clinically significant drug interactions were prevalent in younger and older HIV‐positive patients receiving antiretroviral therapy, among which nonantiretroviral interactions should not be overlooked. Knowledge of the drug classes frequently involved in CSDIs by age group and types of CSDIs that are commonly mismanaged may help clinicians optimize care for HIV‐infected patients.
Induction Immunosuppressive Therapy in the Elderly Kidney Transplant Recipient in the United States
Authors: Gill Jagbir , Sampaio Marcelo , Gill John S. , Dong James , Kuo Hung-Tien , Danovitch Gabriel M. , Bunnapradist Suphamai 
Published: April 2011

Summary

Background and objectives
The choice of induction agent in the elderly kidney transplant recipient is unclear.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
The risks of rejection at 1 year, functional graft loss, and death by induction agent (IL2 receptor antibodies [IL2RA], alemtuzumab, and rabbit antithymocyte globulin [rATG]) were compared among five groups of elderly (≥60 years) deceased-donor kidney transplant recipients on the basis of recipient risk and donor risk using United Network of Organ Sharing data from 2003 to 2008.

Results
In high-risk recipients with high-risk donors there was a higher risk of rejection and functional graft loss with IL2RA versus rATG. Among low-risk recipients with low-risk donors there was no difference in outcomes between IL2RA and rATG. In the two groups in which donor or recipient was high risk, there was a higher risk of rejection but not functional graft loss with IL2RA. Among low-risk recipients with high-risk donors, there was a trend toward a higher risk of death with IL2RA.

Conclusions
rATG may be preferable in high-risk recipients with high-risk donors and possibly low-risk recipients with high-risk donors. In the remaining groups, although rATG is associated with a lower risk of acute rejection, long-term outcomes do not appear to differ. Prospective comparison of these agents in an elderly cohort is warranted to compare the efficacy and adverse consequences of these agents to refine the use of induction immunosuppressive therapy in the elderly population.
Modulation of migratory activity and invasiveness of human glioma spheroids following 5-aminolevulinic acid–based photodynamic treatment
Authors: Etminan Nima , Peters Corinna , Ficnar Julian , Anlasik Suzan , Bünemann Erich , Slotty Philipp J. , Hänggi Daniel , Steiger Hans-Jakob , Sorg Rüdiger V. , Stummer Walter 
Published: April 2011

Object
Five-aminolevulinic acid–mediated photodynamic therapy (ALA/PDT) can improve the clinical outcome in patients suffering from glioblastoma. Besides direct phototoxicity, additional mechanisms may contribute. Therefore, the authors studied the influence of ALA/PDT on glioblastoma's migratory and invasive behavior in a human glioma cell spheroid model.

Methods
Glioma spheroids were grown from human U373 and A172 cell lines. After ALA/PDT of spheroids, the authors assessed the migration of tumor cells and their capacity to invade a collagen matrix, as well as changes in their viability, morphology, and expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).

Results
The authors found that ALA/PDT caused long-lasting, nearly complete suppression of glioma cell migration and matrix invasion compared with nontherapeutic controls, including either irradiation or incubation with ALA only. Although ALA/PDT induced tumor cell apoptosis, suppression of migration/invasion was not simply due to phototoxicity because 50% of tumor cells remained vital throughout the observation period. Moreover, the morphology of ALA/PDT-treated cells changed significantly toward a polygonal, epithelial-like appearance, which was associated with alterations in the actin cytoskeleton. Furthermore, downregulation of MMP-7 and -8 was observed after treatment whereas other MMPs remained unchanged.

Conclusions
In addition to directly eliminating glioma cells through apoptosis, ALA/PDT alters their invasiveness, possibly due to the effects on the cytoskeletal organization and MMP expression.
Image Quality Affects Macular and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness Measurements on Fourier-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Huang Jingjing , Liu Xing , Wu Ziqiang , Sadda Srinivas 
Published: April 2011

Background and Objective:
To investigate whether image quality is an important determinant of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular thickness measurements on Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Patients and Methods:
Seventy-five and 56 normal subjects were recruited in RNFL and macular thickness arms of the study, respectively. Each participant was scanned three times using both the 3D OCT-1000 (version 3.01, Mark II; Topcon Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) and the Cirrus OCT (version 3.0, Model 4000; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc., Dublin, CA). The scans for each participant were arranged in order of increasing image qualities, which were correlated with RNFL and macular thicknesses. Subgroup analyses were performed with identical versus different and high versus low image quality metrics.

Results:
Higher image quality was significantly correlated with greater RNFL thickness measurements on the 3D OCT-1000, and when the signal strength was less than 7 on the Cirrus device. Image quality metrics were negatively correlated with measured macular thicknesses on Cirrus OCT but not on 3D OCT-1000.

Conclusion:
Image quality metrics should be considered when evaluating thickness measurements derived from Fourier-domain OCT devices.
Morphologic Study of the Drainage Pathway Using a Tracer After a Bypass Filtering Procedure in Rabbit Eyes
Authors: Lei Jianqin , Sun Naixue , Zhao Xiaoge , Kang Qianyan , Chen Li , Fan Xiaojuan 
Published: April 2011

Background and Objective:
To study the drainage pathway using a tracer after a modified filtering surgery in rabbit eyes.

Materials and Methods:
The authors performed trabeculectomy combined with deep sclerectomy on one eye (TS group) and trabeculectomy on the other eye (T group) of 20 rabbits. Cationic ferritin was injected intracamerally just before killing the rabbits at postsurgical week 2, 4, 8, 12, or 24. The opposite side of the surgical site was used as the control. Histologic study was conducted under light microscopy.

Results:

In both groups, significantly more intrascleral and episcleral drainage vessels were observed than in the paired controls (
P
< .001). Intrascleral drainage canals were more often manifested in the TS group than in the T group (
P
< .05), especially after week 12.

Conclusion:
Intrascleral and episcleral outflow were the main drainage routes after filtering surgeries in this model. Compared with trabeculectomy, the modified surgery was superior for forming an intrascleral “bleb” and seemed to be better maintained at a later stage.
Can Topical Ketorolac 0.5% Improve the Function of Ahmed
®
Glaucoma Drainage Devices?
Authors: Scott Garrett R. , Weizer Jennifer S. , Moroi Sayoko E. , Bruno Christina A. , Musch David C. , Niziol Leslie M. , Lee Paul P. , Stein Joshua D. 
Published: April 2011

Background and Objective:
To determine whether postoperative use of topical ketorolac tromethamine 0.5% affects intraocular pressure (IOP) following Ahmed glaucoma drainage device (New World Medical, Inc., Rancho Cucamonga, CA) implantation.

Patients and Methods:

Patients undergoing Ahmed implantation at the University of Michigan from January 2002 to June 2008 were reviewed. Fourteen eyes received ketorolac after surgery; 50 eyes did not. Preoperative and postoperative IOP and glaucoma medications were recorded for both groups; the two-sided Student’s
t
test was used to compare these parameters.

Results:

Mean preoperative IOP was similar in the two groups (35.1 ± 11.9 vs 37.0 ± 12.2 mm Hg;
P
= .60). At postoperative month 6, the ketorolac group had significantly lower IOP compared with the no ketorolac group (13.1 ± 3.7 vs 19.5 ± 9.3 mm Hg, respectively;
P
= .0003). There was no difference in the number of glaucoma medications postoperatively between the two groups.

Conclusion:
Ketorolac may lead to lower postoperative IOP following Ahmed implantation.
Distribution Algebras on p-adic Groups and Lie Algebras
Authors: Moy Allen 
Published: April 2011

Abstract When F is a p-adic field, and is the group of F-rational points of a connected algebraic F-group, the complex vector space of compactly supported locally constant distributions on G has a natural convolution product that makes it into a ℂ-algebra (without an identity) called the Hecke algebra. The Hecke algebra is a partial analogue for p-adic groups of the enveloping algebra of a Lie group. However, has drawbacks such as the lack of an identity element, and the process is not a functor. Bernstein introduced an enlargement . The algebra consists of the distributions that are left essentially compact. We show that the process is a functor. If is a morphism of p-adic groups, let be the morphism of ℂ-algebras. We identify the kernel of in terms of Ker. In the setting of p-adic Lie algebras, with g a reductive Lie algebra, m a Levi, and the natural projection, we show that maps G-invariant distributions on to NG(m)-invariant distributions on m. Finally, we exhibit a natural family of G-invariant essentially compact distributions on g associated with a G-invariant non-degenerate symmetric bilinear form on g and in the case of SL(2) show how certain members of the family can be moved to the group.
Admissible Sequences for Twisted Involutions in Weyl Groups
Authors: Haas Ruth , Helminck Aloysius G. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractLetW be a Weyl group, Σ a set of simple reflections inW related to a basis Δ for the root system Φ associated with W and θ an involution such that θ(Δ) = Δ. We show that the set of θ- twisted involutions in W, = {w ∈ W | θ(w) = w–1} is in one to one correspondence with the set of regular involutions . The elements of are characterized by sequences in Σ which induce an ordering called the Richardson–Springer Poset. In particular, for Φ irreducible, the ascending Richardson–Springer Poset of , for nontrivial θ is identical to the descending Richardson–Springer Poset of .
Similarity and Coincidence Isometries for Modules
Authors: Glied Svenja 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe groups of (linear) similarity and coincidence isometries of certain modules Γ in d-dimensional Euclidean space, which naturally occur in quasicrystallography, are considered. It is shown that the structure of the factor group of similarity modulo coincidence isometries is the direct sum of cyclic groups of prime power orders that divide d. In particular, if the dimension d is a prime number p, the factor group is an elementary abelian p-group. This generalizes previous results obtained for lattices to situations relevant in quasicrystallography.
The Secondary Chern–Euler Class for a General Submanifold
Authors: Nie Zhaohu 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe define and study the secondary Chern–Euler class for a general submanifold of a Riemannian manifold. Using this class, we define and study the index for a vector field with non-isolated singularities on a submanifold. As an application, we give conceptual proofs of a result of Chern.
Description of Entire Solutions of Eiconal Type Equations
Authors: Chang Der-Chen , Li Bao Qin 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe paper describes entire solutions to the eiconal type non-linear partial differential equations, which include the eiconal equations (X1(u))2+ (X2(u))2= 1 as special cases, whereX1=p1∂/∂z1+p2∂/∂z2,X2=p3∂/∂z1+p4∂/∂z2are linearly independent operators withpjbeing arbitrary polynomials inC2.
Convergence Rates of Cascade Algorithms with Infinitely Supported Masks
Authors: Yang Jianbin , Li Song 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe investigate the solutions of refinement equations of the formwhere the function ϕ is in Lp(ℝs)(1 ≤ p ≤ ∞), a is an infinitely supported sequence on ℤs called a refinement mask, and M is an s × s integer matrix such that limn→1M–n = 0. Associated with the mask a and M is a linear operator Qa,M defined on Lp(ℝs) by Qa,Mϕ0 := Σα∈ℤsa(α)ϕ0(M · –α). Main results of this paper are related to the convergence rates of in Lp(ℝs) with mask a being infinitely supported. It is proved that under some appropriate conditions on the initial function ϕ0, converges in Lp(ℝs) with an exponential rate.
Is renovation riskier than new construction? An observational comparison of risk factors for stepladder‐related falls
Authors: Ronk Christopher J. , Dennerlein Jack T. , Hoffman Elaine , Perry Melissa J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackgroundStepladder‐related injuries at construction sites have increased in recent years. We aimed to quantify the prevalence of stepladder‐related fall hazards in general construction and to compare the risks on renovation worksites to new construction build sites.MethodsEighteen worksites were visited, resulting in the observation of 771 stepladders. Eight of the sites were new builds and ten were renovation projects.ResultsHigh compliance with best practices was not observed for several factors, including having hands free while climbing (46%) and using minimum forces (72%). There was a notable trend toward more hazards on renovation build projects than on new construction sites; however, these differences were not statistically significant.ConclusionsThere was not sufficient evidence to show that stepladder fall hazards are more prevalent on renovation projects than on new build projects. Having hands free while climbing and using minimum forces were two practices needing more wide‐scale adoption regardless of construction job type. Am. J. Ind. Med. 54:579–585, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of traumatic occupational fatalities in China
Authors: Tao Zhang , Ming‐Xiao Wang , Miao‐Rong Xie , Ming‐Qiu Jia 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackgroundA descriptive epidemiologic analysis of the characteristics of workplace‐based multiple fatality incidents in China can contribute to a scientific basis for the prevention and control of such fatal incidents as well for as the facilitation of medical assistance during these episodes.MethodsWe used data on workplace‐based multiple fatality incidents spanning January 1, 2001–December 31, 2008 as collected by the National Work Safety Administration of China to analyze event frequency, type, number of deaths, mortality rate (per million persons), and regional distribution.ResultsA total of 17,277 workplace‐based multiple fatality incidents were reported between 2001 and 2008, which were associated with 62,850 deaths and 30,418 injuries. The most common types or settings associated with workplace‐based multiple fatality incidents were road traffic accidents (>3 deaths only; total 23,464 deaths), coal mine explosions (23,418 deaths), and incidents involving shipping (3,978 deaths).ConclusionThe risk for workplace‐based multiple fatality incidents in China is one of the highest in the world. Prevention is critical and should be strengthened. Our results may provide useful information help to improve prevention and control measures. Am. J. Ind. Med. 54:560–564, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.