bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bipolar affective disorder in the postnatal period: investigating the role of sleep
Authors: Bilszta Justin L C , Meyer Denny , Buist Anne E 
Published: August 2010

Bilszta JLC, Meyer D, Buist AE. Bipolar affective disorder in the postnatal period: investigating the role of sleep. Bipolar Disord 2010: 12: 568–578. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objectives:  Psychotic disorders have a high rate of relapse in the postpartum period for reasons that are unclear, but may be related to changes in sleep patterns that occur during pregnancy and after birth. Understanding of the influence of sleep on postpartum psychosis presentation is limited. The aim of the current study was to investigate changes in sleep/wake activity during pregnancy and the postpartum period in women with a history of psychosis.Methods:  Women with a history of bipolar disorder and/or postpartum psychosis (HxW) were recruited (n = 23) together with a control population (CtW) (n = 15). Data on demographic and psychosocial factors, mental health status, and sleep/wake activity were collected at seven timepoints—the last week of each trimester of pregnancy and four times during the postpartum (weeks 1, 4, and 8, and at month 6). Longitudinal data were analysed using an HLM version 6 repeated‐measures multilevel model.Results:  No significant differences were noted in sleep/wake activity between HxW and CtW. None of the HxW who were taking a mood stabilizer during their pregnancy, including at delivery, relapsed during the study. Of those taking an antidepressant or antipsychotic, or no medication, 3 relapsed within the first six months and 2 within the first two months. HxW were more likely to report a poor partner relationship than CtW.Conclusion:  Results suggest that during the perinatal period, there is no difference in sleep/wake activity in women with a history of a psychotic disorder. Use of mood stabilizer during pregnancy and at delivery appears important in preventing psychotic relapse in the postpartum.
Clinical course of children with a depressive spectrum disorder and transient manic symptoms
Authors: Nadkarni Radha B , Fristad Mary A 
Published: August 2010

Nadkarni RB, Fristad MA. Clinical course of children with a depressive spectrum disorder and transient manic symptoms. Bipolar Disord 2010: 12: 494–503. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objective:  To assess rates of conversion to bipolar spectrum disorder (BPSD) and risk factors associated with conversion in children with depressive spectrum disorders (DSD) and transient manic symptoms (TMS) over 18 months. TMS are manic‐like symptoms of insufficient duration or number to warrant a diagnosis of BPSD.Methods:  Participants were 165 children (mean = 9.9 years, SD = 1.3) with mood disorders from the Multi‐Family Psychoeducational Psychotherapy (MF‐PEP) treatment study: 37 with DSD+TMS, 13 with DSD, and 115 with BPSD. All were assessed with standardized instruments on four occasions over 18 months, with half receiving MF‐PEP after their baseline assessment and half receiving MF‐PEP after a one‐year wait‐list condition.Results:  At baseline, the Children’s Global Assessment Scale scores did not differ significantly between the DSD+TMS, DSD, and BPSD groups. Conversion rates to BPSD were significantly higher for the DSD+TMS group (48.0%) compared to the DSD group (12.5%). Conversion was significantly more frequent for participants in the one‐year wait‐list control group (60%) compared to the immediate treatment group (16%). Clinical presentation, family environment, and family history did not differ significantly between the small subset of DSD+TMS participants who did convert to BPSD at follow‐up and those who did not convert. Baseline functional impairment was greater for the converted group than the non‐converted group.Conclusions:  Transient manic symptoms are a risk factor for eventual conversion to BPSD; psychoeducational psychotherapy may be protective. As this exploratory study had a small sample size and did not correct for multiple comparisons, additional studies with larger sample sizes are needed.
Ketamine reduce left ventricular systolic and diastolic function in patients with ischaemic heart disease
Authors: JAKOBSEN C.‐J. , TORP P. , VESTER A. E. , FOLKERSEN L. , THOUGAARD A. , SLOTH E. 
Published: August 2010

Objective: Ketamine may be followed by a general increase in haemodynamics and oxygen consumption, which may be of concern in patients with ischaemic heart disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of ketamine on left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function by different modalities of echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging in patients with ischaemic heart disease.Methods and Results: Prospective observational study of 11 patients acting as own control based on echocardiographic imaging before and after bolus ketamine 0.5 mg/kg. Simpson's 2 D‐volumetric method was used to quantify left ventricular volume and ejection fraction. General global LV deformation was assessed by Speckle tracking ultrasound, systolic LV longitudinal displacement was assessed by Tissue Tracking score index and the diastolic function was evaluated from changes in early‐(E') and atrial (A') peak velocities during diastole.Average heart rate (34%) and blood pressure (35%) increased significantly after ketamine (P<0.0001). Mean tissue tracking score index decreased from 11.2±2.3 to 8.3±2.6 (P=0.005) and Global Speckle tracking 2D strain from 17.7±2.7 to 13.7±3.6 (P=0.0014) indicating a decrease in LV global systolic function. The E'/A' ratio decreased from 1.11±0.43 to 0.81±0.46 (P=0.044) indicating impaired relaxation.Conclusion: Different modalities of echocardiography in combination with tissue Doppler indicate both diminished systolic and diastolic function after ketamine administration in patients with ischaemic heart disease.
Modelling polar auxin transport in developmental patterning
Authors: Santos F. , Teale W. , Fleck C. , Volpers M. , Ruperti B. , Palme K. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAuxin interacts with its own polar transport to influence cell polarity and tissue patterning. Research over the past decade has started to deliver new insights into the molecular mechanisms that drive and regulate polar auxin transport. The most prominent auxin efflux protein, PIN1, has subsequently become a crucial component of auxin transport models because it is now known to direct auxin flow and maintain local auxin gradients. Recent molecular and genetic experiments have allowed the formulation of conceptual models that are able to interpret the role of (i) auxin, (ii) its transport, and (iii) the dynamics of PIN1 in generating temporal and spatial patterns. Here we review the current mathematical models of patterning in two specific developmental contexts: lateral shoot and vein formation, focusing on how these models can help to untangle the details of auxin transport‐mediated patterning.
Expression of the AtSUC1 gene in the female gametophyte, and ecotype‐specific expression differences in male reproductive organs
Authors: Feuerstein A. , Niedermeier M. , Bauer K. , Engelmann S. , Hoth S. , Stadler R. , Sauer N. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBased on analyses in Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype C24, the AtSUC1 protein was previously characterised as a male gametophyte‐specific H+/sucrose symporter. Later, expression analyses in ecotype Columbia‐0 (Col‐0) identified AtSUC1 expression also in trichomes (not detected in trichome‐less C24 plants) and roots, suggesting ecotype‐specific differences in AtSUC1 expression. Here, we present data on additional ecotype‐specific differences in AtSUC1 expression in other tissues. Using different AtSUC1 promoter–reporter gene lines, we performed comparative analyses of AtSUC1 expression in floral tissues of C24 and Col‐0 plants, and using an AtSUC1‐specific antiserum, we performed immunohistochemical analyses on tissue sections from C24, Col‐0, Landsberg erecta (Ler) and Wassilewskaija (Ws) ecotypes. We show that AtSUC1 expression occurs in the funicular epidermis of C24, Ler and Ws, but not in Col‐0. In contrast, we observed high levels of AtSUC1 protein in pollen grains of Col‐0, lower levels in pollen of C24 and Ler, and no AtSUC1 protein in Ws pollen. Moreover, our reporter gene analyses identified a previously undetected expression of AtSUC1 in the female gametophyte, and revealed that AtSUC1 expression in the funicular epidermis is absent from unpollinated siliques and is induced upon successful pollination. The impact of these findings on the potential physiological role of AtSUC1 is discussed.
Regional Distribution and Relative Frequency of Gastrointestinal Endocrine Cells in the ddN Mice: An Immunohistochemical Study
Authors: Lee H. S. , Choi S. H. , Ku S. K. 
Published: August 2010

With 6 figures and 2 tablesSummaryThe distributions and frequencies of some endocrine cells in the eight portions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract – fundus, pylorus, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon and rectum of the ddN mouse, were studied with immunohistochemical method using seven types of antisera against chromogranin (Cg) A serotonin, somatostatin, glucagon, gastrin, cholecystokinin (CCK)‐8 and human pancreatic polypeptide (hPP). In the GI tract of ddN mice, CgA, serotonin, somatostatin, glucagon, gastrin, CCK‐8 immunoreactive (IR) cells were identified with various frequencies, but hPP‐IR cells were not observed in this study. Most of IR cells in the intestinal portion were generally spherical or spindle in shape (open type cell) whereas cells showing round in shape (close type cell) were found in the intestinal gland and stomach regions occasionally. They showed the highest frequency in the pylorus or colon. CgA‐IR cells were observed from the pylorus to ileum. Serotonin‐IR cells were detected throughout the whole GI tract except for the fundus. Somatostatin‐IR cells were demonstrated throughout the whole GI tract except for the cecum and colon. Gastrin and CCK‐8‐IR cells were restricted to the pylorus and duodenum. In addition, a few glucagon‐IR cells were restricted to the fundus and rectum. In conclusion, the general distribution patterns and relative frequency of GI endocrine cells of the ddN mouse was similar to that of other strains of mice. However, some strain and/or species‐dependent unique distributions and frequencies of endocrine cells were also observed in the present study.
Development of a cytoplasmic male‐sterile line of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) with the cytoplasm of Solanum anguivi
Authors: Khan M. M. R. , Isshiki S. 
Published: August 2010

With 4 figures and 3 tables AbstractTo develop a new cytoplasmic male‐sterile line of eggplant utilizing the Solanum anguivi cytoplasm, the interspecific hybrid (S. anguivi × eggplant ‘Senryo 2 gou’) was repeatedly backcrossed to eggplant ‘Uttara’ up to BC5 generation to achieve cytoplasm substitution. Chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA analyses confirmed that backcross progenies had the S. anguivi cytoplasm. In the backcross progenies, male‐sterile plants, whose anthers were completely devoid of pollen grains, appeared. All the backcross generations obtained from the male‐fertile seed parents segregated into male‐fertile and sterile types with a 3 : 1 ratio, whereas those obtained from the male‐sterile one were all male‐sterile. The selfed progeny from a male‐fertile BC5 plant (selfed progeny 1) and the selfed progeny from the male‐fertile selfed progeny 1 segregated at 15 : 1 and 3 : 1 ratios, respectively. These results indicated that two independent dominant fertility restorer (Rf) genes control pollen formation. A new male‐sterile line of eggplant could be developed by utilizing the cytoplasm of S. anguivi.
Improvement of 2D‐PAGE Resolution of Human, Porcine and Equine Follicular Fluid by Means of Hexapeptide Ligand Library
Authors: Fahiminiya S , Labas V , Dacheux JL , Gérard N 
Published: August 2010

ContentsThe major challenge of follicular fluid proteomic analysis is the presence of high‐abundance proteins that originate from plasma. These proteins can prevent the detection of lower abundant ones, produced locally by follicle cells and that may have important roles in follicular activity. In this study, the novel technology called hexapeptide ligand library was evaluated to enrich the low‐abundance proteins in follicular fluid of human (HFF), porcine (PFF) and equine (EFF) prior 2D‐PAGE. Our results showed that the new strategy enabled detection of many new protein spots, increased resolution and highly improved the intensity of low‐abundance proteins by 2D‐PAGE.
Short‐stay rural and remote placements in dental education, an effective model for rural exposure: A review of eight‐year experience in Western Australia
Authors: Kruger Estie , Tennant Marc 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjectives:  The increase in demand for dental care over the next 10 years is expected to outstrip the supply of dental visits in Australia, resulting in an ongoing shortage of dental practitioners. As trends in medicine have shown, the greatest effect will be felt in rural and remote regions, where an undersupply of dentists already exists. It is clearly evident that it is important to provide strategies that will increase the recruitment and retention of practitioners in rural and remote areas. Previous research suggested an increased likelihood for health graduates to choose rural practice if they have a rural background, or were exposed to rural practice during their education. Short‐stay (three to four weeks) placements for final‐year dental students has been part of dental education in Western Australia for near on a decade. Methods:  This paper reflects on the experiences gained from managing this placement program. Conclusions:  Short‐stay placements are a quality learning initiative but need a high level of planning and a clear vision to be effective. Implications:  The key factors in ensuring sustainable, student centred learning is driven through a small core group of staff who have strong direct links with rural and remote communities, students and support providers. The integration of service, education and research goals have played a critical role in sustaining placements. The philosophy underpinning the rural placements needs to be clearly articulated and applied effectively in each step of their implementation and a highly focused customer‐service driven implementation is required to make short‐stay rural and remote placements effective.
Pancreatic tumor associated with pancreas divisum
Authors: KAMISAWA TERUMI , YOSHIIKE MASAMI , EGAWA NAOTO , TSURUTA KOUJI , OKAMOTO ATSUTAKE , FUNATA NOBUAKI 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackground:Although there has been considerable controversy regarding pancreas divisum and pancreatitis, little discussion of this has taken place. The purpose of the present paper was to investigate the relationship between these two conditions.Methods:A retrospective investigation was undertaken of pancreatic tumors associated with pancreas divisum, in 650 cases of pancreatic carcinoma, 80 cases of intraductal papillary mucinous tumor of the pancreas and 32 cases of pancreas divisum.Results:Of these 32 cases, four (12.5%) were associated with pancreatic tumor: pancreatic carcinoma (n = 3) and intraductal papillary mucinous tumor (n = 1). All tumors developed from the dorsal pancreas of pancreas divisum. Periductal and interlobular fibrosis detected in the non‐carcinomatous pancreas of the margin of distal pancreatectomy implied that chronic dorsal pancreatitis associated with pancreas divisum preceded carcinoma.Conclusions:Pancreatic tumors were detected in 12.5% of cases of pancreas divisum. In pancreas divisum, longstanding pancreatic duct obstruction caused by relative stenosis of the minor duodenal papilla might be a factor promoting oncogenesis.© 2005 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd
Human immunodeficiency virus and endoscopy: Experience of a general hospital in Singapore
Authors: CHONG VUI HENG , LIM CHEE CHIAN 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIntroduction:  As the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pandemic continues, demand on the endoscopic services will also increase. The aim of the present study was to characterize the characteristics and endoscopic findings of HIV‐infected Asian patients.Methods:  Patients with HIV/AIDS who had endoscopy from January 1997 to September 2002 were identified and retrospectively reviewed.Results:  There were 125 patients (male, 111; mean age: 43.2 ± 11 years; mean CD4 count 63 ± 85/mm3, range, 1–342/mm3) who underwent 181 procedures (upper gastrointestinal endoscopy [UGIE], n = 141; lower gastrointestinal endoscopy [LGIE], n = 40). The median time from diagnosis to endoscopy was 240 days (−660 to 4680 days). For UGIE the main findings were candidiasis, 23.1%; cytomegalovirus esophagitis/ulcers, 11.2%; duodenal ulcers, 8.4%; gastric ulcers, 7.0%; portal‐hypertensive‐related changes, 6.3%; idiopathic esophageal ulcers, 3.5%; herpes simplex esophagitis/ulcers, 3.5%; and tuberculosis, 2.1%. The CD4 counts were significantly lower in those with opportunistic infections (P = 0.004) but there was no difference between significant and non‐significant findings (P = 0.191). For LGIE 35% had endoscopic colitis, 80% of which were non‐specific. Significant findings were ileal tuberculosis, n = 3; colon cancer, n = 1; and colonic fistula, n = 1. Ten patients had undergone 16 procedures (UGIE, n = 13; LGIE, n = 3) prior to the diagnosis of HIV/AIDS. They were all male Chinese patients, with positive contact with commercial sex workers (CSW) and had lymphopenia at time of endoscopy. The median time from endoscopy to diagnosis was 180 days (range, 1–660 days). There were no significant differences in age (P = 0.512) and CD4 count at diagnosis (P = 0.066) between patients who had endoscopy before and after diagnosis of HIV/AIDS. Four procedures led to the suspicion of HIV.Conclusions:  Endoscopic findings of symptomatic HIV Asian patients are comparable to those of the West. Universal precautions should always be exercised in all procedures to avoid transmission of disease.
Expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes in hepatic organoid reconstructed by rat small hepatocytes
Authors: MIYAMOTO SHIGEKI , HIRATA KOICHI , SUGIMOTO SHINICHI , HARADA KEISUKE , MITAKA TOSHIHIRO 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackground and Aims: Small hepatocytes (SH), which are hepatic progenitor cells, were isolated from an adult rat liver. SH in a colony sometimes change their shape from small to large and from flat to rising/piled‐up. The morphological changes of SH may be correlated with hepatic maturation. Cytochrome P450s (CYP) are drug‐metabolizing enzymes and the expression is one of hepatic differentiated functions. However, it is well known that the re‐expression and maintenance of CYP activity are very difficult in cultured hepatocytes. We investigated the expression of CYP and the enzymatic activities in long‐term cultured SH.Methods: SH were isolated from adult rat livers and SH colonies were collected, replated on new dishes, and then cultured. CYP1A1/2, CYP2B1, CYP3A2, CYP4A1, and CYP2E1 were induced by the addition of 3‐methylcholanthrene, phenobarbital, pregnenolone‐16α‐carbonitrile, clofibric acid, and ethanol, respectively. Immunocytochemistry, immunoblots, and enzyme activities were examined.Results: SH could differentiate into mature hepatocytes by the addition of Matrigel and re‐express constitutive CYPs. The expression of CYP1A1/2, CYP2B1, CYP3A2, and CYP4A1 dose‐dependently increased and the amounts gradually increased with time in culture, especially in the cells treated with Matrigel. Activities of CYP1A, CYP2B, CYP3A and CYP2E in SH treated with Matrigel induced by each of the inducers were approximately 120‐fold, 2.8‐fold, 6.4‐fold and 0.8‐fold higher than in the control.Conclusion: The matured SH could re‐express the constitutive CYP and recover inducibility, not only of protein expression but also of enzyme activities.
Effects of growth factors on the growth and differentiation of mouse fetal liver epithelial cells in primary cultures
Authors: KAWASAKI TAKAKO , TAMURA SHINJI , KISO SHINICHI , DOI YOSHINORI , YOSHIDA YUICHI , KAMADA YOSHIHIRO , SAEKI AYUKO , SAJI YUKIKO , MATSUZAWA YUJI 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackground and Aims:  Growth factors (GF) are thought to affect the growth and differentiation of hepatocytes during liver development. However, in the midfetal liver, little is known concerning the role of GF.Methods:  The DNA synthesis of fetal liver epithelial cells (FLEC) in monolayer culture and the liver‐specific gene expressions of FLEC in 3‐D culture were examined in medium supplemented with various GF.Results:  DNA synthesis of FLEC was higher than that of adult hepatocytes without GF, and was increased by hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), heparin‐binding epidermal growth factor‐like growth factor (HB‐EGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF) or transforming growth factor‐alpha (TGF‐α). However, FLEC responded less to GF in terms of DNA synthesis than adult hepatocytes. The liver‐specific gene expressions were increased in the presence of HGF, HB‐EGF, bFGF and EGF. In embryonic day (E) 13.5 FLEC, this increase was more apparent in the presence of HB‐EGF, whereas in E14.5 FLEC, it was more apparent in the presence of HGF.Conclusions:  Hepatocyte growth factor, HB‐EGF, bFGF, EGF and TGF‐α increased DNA synthesis of FLEC. HGF, HB‐EGF, bFGF and EGF led to an increase in liver‐specific gene expressions; and their effects on differentiation differ as a function of gestation age.
Precore stop codon mutation of hepatitis B virus is associated with low breakthrough rate following long‐term lamivudine therapy
Authors: SHIN JUNG WOO , CHUNG YOUNG‐HWA , CHOI MIN HEE , KIM JEONG A , RYU SOO HYUNG , JANG MYOUNG KUK , KIM IN SOOK , PARK NEUNG HWA , LEE HAN CHU , LEE YUNG SANG , SUH DONG JIN 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackground:  Frequent viral breakthroughs limit the usefulness of lamivudine in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of precore stop codon mutation (G to A mutation at nucleotide 1896; A1896) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) on the occurrence of viral breakthrough following lamivudine therapy.Methods:  Among 260 consecutive CHB patients treated with lamivudine for >12 months, 231 patients whose pretreatment sera were available were tested for A1896 variant of HBV using direct sequencing.Results:  Between patients with A1896 variant (n = 74) and those without it (n = 157), there was no difference in age, gender, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level, the duration of therapy and prevalence of core promoter mutants. Serum hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positivity and HBV‐DNA level were lower (P = 0.00 and P = 0.01) and liver cirrhosis was more commonly associated in patients with A1896 variant mutant compared with those without it. In univariate analysis, viral breakthrough was more frequent in HBeAg‐positive patients (P = 0.03) and in those with high serum HBV‐DNA level (P = 0.01) as well as in those without A1896 variant (P = 0.01). However, in multivariate analysis, the absence of A1896 variant (P = 0.02) and high serum HBV‐DNA level (P = 0.03) were independent factors for viral breakthrough following lamivudine therapy. The cumulative viral breakthrough rates at 1 and 2 years were much lower in patients with A1896 variant compared with those without it (P = 0.01).Conclusion:  The stop codon mutation at the precore region of HBV in addition to low serum HBV‐DNA level may be associated with low breakthrough rate following lamivudine therapy.