bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rehabilitation of the edentulous mandible with osseointegrated dental implants: 10 year follow‐up
Authors: Henry P. J. , Bower R. C. , Wall C. D. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractLong‐term retrospective studies on the efficacy of implant retained bridgework are relatively few. In this study, 10 year follow‐up results are reported on the rehabilitation of the edentulous mandible with osseointegrated implant anchored bridges. Fifteen patients were closely maintained and monitored using the conventional indices used in longitudinal periodontal research, together with serial intraoral periapical and extraoral panoramic radiographs. The need for prosthetic maintenance and the effects of the treatment on soft tissues, supporting bone, opposing dentition and the behavioural aspects of such rehabilitation are discussed. Based on the reviewed results of the study and numerous other investigations, the treatment of mandibular edentulism with fixed bridges supported by osseointegrated implants ad modum Brånemark is a highly effective method, giving predictable long‐term results.
The gingival crevicular fluid Interleukin‐1β and tumour necrosis factor‐α levels in patients with rapidly progressive periodontitis
Authors: Yavuzyilmaz Ezel , Yamalik Nermin , Bulut Sule , Özen Seza , Ersoy Fügen , Saatpi Ümit 
Published: May 2009

AbstractCytokines are believed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. In the present study, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of two important cytokines, interleukin 1‐/3 (IL‐1β) and tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and, in addition, serum IL‐1β levels, were determined in patients with severe and rapid periodontal breakdown by use of ELISA. While IL‐1β was detected in all of the GCF samples studied, TNF‐α could only be detected in about half the samples. The mean GCF IL‐1β level was 38.45 ± 13.99 pg/mL, and the mean TNF‐α level was 3.20 ± 1.39 pg/mL, respectively. The GCF IL‐1β levels also presented a strong positive correlation with the mean pocket depths. Although weak, both of the cytokines also presented correlations with the presence of bleeding on probing. Additionally GCF samples contained increased IL‐1β levels when compared with the serum samples suggesting local production mechanisms. The findings of the present study suggest that these cytokines may be involved in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases (IL‐1β being more significant), and also may help in defining the active phase of periodontal breakdown.
The Class V lesion — Aetiology and restoration*
Authors: Tyas Martin J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe aetiology of non‐carious cervical lesions is discussed. These have been variously described as ‘abrasion’, ‘erosion’, ‘abrasion/erosion’, and ‘idiopathic cervical’. However, many lesions do not fit the classical appearance or location of an erosive and/or abrasive origin, and there is increasing interest in the possible role of occlusal stress in their aetiology.Non‐carious cervical lesions often require restoration, and there are essentially three options using tooth‐coloured materials: a restorative glass ionomer cement, a liner/base glass ionomer cement over‐layed with a resin composite, or a resin composite bonded by an enamel/dentine‐adhesive. The materials and techniques used in these options are discussed, indicating their advantages and disadvantages. Results of available clinical trials of these systems are given, and the link with the stress theory of cervical tooth loss is described. The preferred restorative approaches in order are: resin‐modified restorative glass ionomer; resin‐modified liner/base glass ionomer with a microfine resin composite overlay; enamel/dentine bonding agent with a micro‐fine resin composite.
Osseointegrated implants for single tooth replacement in general practice: A 1‐year report from a multicentre prospective study
Authors: Henry P. J. , Rosenberg I. R. , Bills I. G. , Chan R. W. , Cohen A. C. , Halliday K. G. , Kozeniauskas J. A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe single tooth implant is a treatment option for the replacement of missing single teeth and in many cases is the treatment of choice. It is, however, an expensive treatment requiring a co‐ordinated approach to the surgical and restorative aspects of treatment. In this study, a group of dentists in general and restorative dental practice and with no previous experience in implant surgery underwent an intensive training course in all aspects of implant treatment for single teeth. Using a system of simplified instrumentation with a strict adherence to protocol, the group installed and restored single tooth implants ad modum Brånemark in a wide range of clinical situations. At the one year follow‐up period following crown insertion, the success rate of treatment compared favourably with results reported from centres using the specialist team approach to treatment. The results of this study indicate that further consideration should be given to the training of general dentists so that improved delivery of dental health care can be provided at a more economic level.
The use of autoclaves in the dental surgery
Authors: Savage N. W. , Walsh L. J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAutoclaving is the absolute method of achieving instrument sterilization in any health care setting. However, it does rely on an effective pre‐sterilization routine for instrument handling and the subsequent correct loading and operation of the autoclave. This paper addresses the issue of correct autoclave use, the causes of failures and the regular monitoring.
The stability of facial osteotomies. Part 6. Chin setback
Authors: Hoffman Gary R. , Moloney Francis B. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIsolated horizontal osteotomy of the anterior mandible (genioplasty) to move the chin posteriorly can be used to improve facial profile. There has been an increasing tendency in practice to carry out this procedure in combination with maxillary and/or mandibular surgery. This is most appropriately undertaken when pre‐operative prediction techniques indicate that chin prominence will remain excessive following maxillary and/or mandibular advancement surgery.This paper reviews surgical techniques applicable to posterior movement of the chin (‘the setback genioplasty’) and illustrates the clinical results achieved with its use.
A re‐evaluation of the importance of disc position in temporomandibular disorders
Authors: Dolwick M. Franklin , Dimitroulis George 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDuring the 1970s there was a resurgence of interest in disc displacement as being central to the pathology of internal derangement. Since then it has been proposed that a displaced disc can result in pain, mandibular dysfunction, degenerative joint disease and mandibular growth disturbances. Two decades later, and with the introduction of sophisticated investigations and treatment modalities, doubts have emerged as to true pathological significance of disc position. Evidence derived from clinical observations, autopsy material, imaging studies and surgical findings has failed to establish strong support for the central role of disc displacement in internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint.
A preliminary study of the effects of laser radiation on collagen metabolism in cell culture
Authors: Skinner S. M. , Gage J. P. , Wilce P. A. , Shaw R. M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA low power Ga‐As pulse laser was used to stimulate cultured human embryonic fibroblast cells. Energy fluencies varied from 0–1 J/cm2 over a period of 1–4 days. Fibroblast procollagen production was monitored by the synthesis of [3H] hydroxy‐proline, and DNA replication was assessed by [3H] thymidine incorporation. Following laser treatment, controlled pepsin digestion measured the increase in cell biostimulation. Maximum increase in collagen production and cell biostimulation occurred after 4 episodes of laser treatment at 24‐hour intervals. Laser doses between 0.099 and 0.522 J/cm2 had the most significant stimulatory effects on fibroblast function. Clinical efficacy of the low power Ga‐As pulse laser may be related to enhanced connective tissue repair.
The alterations of whole saliva constituents in patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Yavuzyilmaz Ezel , Yumak Ömür , Akdoǧanli Tuncay , Yamalik Nermin , Özer Nazmi , Ersoy Fügen , Yeniay İhsan 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe present study was undertaken in order to determine the possible alterations in whole saliva and the periodontal status in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), and was conducted on 17 patients with DM and 17 systemically and periodontally healthy subjects. When the subjects were evaluated clinically, significantly increased probing depths were noticed in the DM group when compared with the healthy subjects. In whole saliva samples, sodium, potassium, total protein, amylase, thiocyanate, and secretory IgA levels were determined in both groups. Difference between the two groups regarding the mean salivary potassium levels were found to be statistically significant since the mean salivary potassium levels in the DM and the control groups were 2.470±9.04 mmol/L and 14.30±3.88 mmol/L, respectively. The mean salivary total protein, amylase and secretory IgA levels in the DM group were 2.41±1.0 mg/mL, 124.2±79.7 U/mL and 6.86±3.50 mg/L, all being significantly higher than the control group. However, no significant differences could be shown for the salivary sodium and thiocyanate levels. Nor was there any difference between non‐insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). The findings of the present study suggest that, besides the clinical examinations, the determination of the possible alterations in the composition of whole saliva might also be helpful in understanding the increased severity of periodontal disease in diabetic patients.
Gingival enlargement as a diagnostic indicator in leukaemia. Case report
Authors: Anil S. , Smaranayake Lakshman P. , Nair Raj G. , Beena V. T. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe acute leukaemias are a group of neoplastic diseases that are characterized by proliferation of immature white cells in the bone marrow and/or blood and are often associated with severe leukopenia, anaemia and thrombocytopenia. Oral manifestations are more common in patients with acute leukaemia. Oral bleeding, gingival enlargement, ulceration and infection in patients with leukaemia have been described. Leukaemic infiltrates in the gingivae are commonly seen in acute monocytic leukaemia. A case of acute monocytic leukaemia in a 34‐year‐old female who reported with gingival enlargement is presented here. The role of oral lesions as a diagnostic indicator is discussed.
Benign cementoblastoma. Case report
Authors: Mogi Kenji , Belal Essam , Kano Akio , Otake Katsuya 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBenign cementoblastoma is a rare benign odontogenic tumour of mesenchymal origin. A case of a 24‐year‐old man with benign cementoblastoma is presented. The lesion manifested as a round, radiopaque mass attached to the root of the left first molar of the mandible. The tooth was extracted and the lesion was removed. A diagnosis of benign cementoblastoma was made microscopically. There has been no evidence of recurrence during the three‐year follow‐up period. A review of the literature and a discussion of the histologic feature of this case are included.
The stability of facial osteotomies. Part 5. Maxillary advancement with miniplate and screw fixation
Authors: Hoffman Gary R. , Moloney Frank B. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractSurgical repositioning of the dento‐skeletal components of the middle‐third of the face, combined with appropriate orthodontic treatment, can be used to improve function and aesthetics. However, the attainment of three‐dimensional stability following corrective jaw surgery continues to be a major problem in the postsurgical period.This paper examines the short‐term (six weeks postoperative) and long‐term (12 months postoperative) horizontal skeletal stability of Le Fort I maxillary advancement in 15 patients. The mean horizontal advancement of the maxilla was 8.76 ± 0.99 mm. Six weeks later, a mean relapse of 0.22 ± 0.19 mm was identified. The mean relapse at long‐term follow‐up was 0.61 ± 0.26 mm (6.96%).These results indicate that rigid miniplate and screw fixation of Le Fort I osteotomy undertaken to correct horizontal mid‐dentofacial deficiency is both statistically and surgically predictable and stable when reviewed up to twelve months after surgery.
A laboratory study of dimensional changes for three elastomeric impression materials using custom and stock trays
Authors: Boulton Justin L. , Gage John P. , Vincent Peter F. , Basford Kaye E. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractClinical success of fixed prosthodontic procedures is dependent in part upon the dimensional accuracy of elastomeric impression materials and impression procedures. Three elastomeric impression materials were used in custom and stock trays to determine the accuracy of impressions taken from an experimental stainless steel model representing premolar and molar bridge abutment preparations. Horizontal and vertical individual abutment and interabutment dimensions were measured on die stone replicas, and the measurements compared with those obtained from stainless steel master models. The results of this study demonstrate polysulphide is the least accurate impression material for both vertical and horizontal individual abutment dimensions. However, for interabutment horizontal dimensions, no statistical differences were noted between impression material types when using a custom tray. Stock trays produced unreliable results for all the materials tested.
Modeling of a Cartwheel Flexural Pivot
Authors: Shusheng Bi , Hongzhe Zhao , Jingjun Yu 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
A cartwheel flexural pivot has a small center shift as a function of loading and ease of manufacturing. This paper addresses an accurate model that includes the loading cases of a bending moment combined with both a horizontal force and a vertical force. First, a triangle flexural pivot is modeled as a single beam. Then, the model of cartwheel flexural pivot based on an equivalent model is developed by utilizing the results of the triangle pivot. The expressions for rotational displacement and center shift are derived to evaluate the primary motion and the parasitic motion; the maximum rotational angle is simply formulated to predicate the range of motion. Finally, the model is verified by finite element analysis. The relative error of the primary motion is less than 1.1% for various loading cases even if the rotational angle reaches ±20 deg, and the predicted errors for the two center shift components are less than 15.4% and 7.1%. The result shows that the model is accurate enough for designers to use for initial parametric design studies, such as for conceptual design.
Why Great Britain’s success in Beijing could have been anticipated and why it should continue beyond 2012
Authors: Nevill A M , Balmer N J , Winter E M 
Published: May 2009

Background:Home advantage in the summer Olympic Games is well known. What is not so well known is that countries that host the Olympic Games perform better in the games before and after the games in which they were hosts.Objective:To model/quantify the significance associated with these “hosting” effects and to explain the likely causes of Great Britain’s improved medals haul in Beijing, while examining implications for London 2012 and beyond.Results:Using all hosting cities/countries since World War II and analysing the number of medals awarded to competitors as a binomial proportion (p) response variable within a logit model, we identified a significant increase in the probability/odds of a country obtaining a medal in the Olympic Games before, during and after hosting the Olympics.Conclusions:Funding appears to be an important factor when explaining these findings. Almost all countries that have been awarded the games after World War II would appear to have invested heavily in sport before being awarded the games. A second factor in Great Britain’s success is the legacy of hosting the Commonwealth Games in 2002 (a post-hosting games effect) that undoubtedly provided an infrastructure that benefited, in particular, cycling. Whether the International Olympics Committee either consciously or subconsciously take these factors into account is unclear when awarding the games to a city. What is clear is that based on these findings, Great Britain’s prospects of maintaining the Olympic success achieved in Beijing is likely to continue to London 2012 and beyond.
Phenotype, distribution, generation, and functional and clinical relevance of Th17 cells in the human tumor environments
Authors: Kryczek Ilona , Banerjee Mousumi , Cheng Pui , Vatan Linhua , Szeliga Wojciech , Wei Shuang , Huang Emina , Finlayson Emily , Simeone Diane , Welling Theodore H. , Chang Alfred , Coukos George , Liu Rebecca , Zou Weiping 
Published: May 2009

AbstractTh17 cells play an active role in autoimmune diseases. However, the nature of Th17 cells is poorly understood in cancer patients. We studied Th17 cells, the associated mechanisms, and clinical significance in 201 ovarian cancer patients. Tumor-infiltrating Th17 cells exhibit a polyfunctional effector T-cell phenotype, are positively associated with effector cells, and are negatively associated with tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells. Tumor-associated macrophages promote Th17 cells through interleukin-1β (IL-1β), whereas tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells inhibit Th17 cells through an adenosinergic pathway. Furthermore, through synergistic action between IL-17 and interferon-γ, Th17 cells stimulate CXCL9 and CXCL10 production to recruit effector T cells to the tumor microenvironment. The levels of CXCL9 and CXCL10 are associated with tumor-infiltrating effector T cells. The levels of tumor-infiltrating Th17 cells and the levels of ascites IL-17 are reduced in more advanced diseases and positively predict patient outcome. Altogether, Th17 cells may contribute to protective human tumor immunity through inducing Th1-type chemokines and recruiting effector cells to the tumor microenvironment. Inhibition of Th17 cells represents a novel immune evasion mechanism. This study thus provides scientific and clinical rationale for developing novel immune-boosting strategies based on promoting the Th17 cell population in cancer patients.
Evaluation of NIH consensus criteria for classification of late acute and chronic GVHD
Authors: Vigorito Afonso C. , Campregher Paulo V. , Storer Barry E. , Carpenter Paul A. , Moravec Carina K. , Kiem Hans-Peter , Fero Matthew L. , Warren Edus H. , Lee Stephanie J. , Appelbaum Frederick R. , Martin Paul J. , Flowers Mary E. D. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Historically, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) beyond 100 days after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) was called chronic GVHD, even if the clinical manifestations were indistinguishable from acute GVHD. In 2005, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) sponsored a consensus conference that proposed new criteria for diagnosis and classification of chronic GVHD for clinical trials. According to the consensus criteria, clinical manifestations rather than time after transplantation should be used in clinical trials to distinguish chronic GVHD from late acute GVHD, which includes persistent, recurrent, or late-onset acute GVHD. We evaluated major outcomes according to the presence or absence of NIH criteria for chronic GVHD in a retrospective study of 740 patients diagnosed with historically defined chronic GVHD after allogeneic HCT between 1994 and 2000. The presence or absence of NIH criteria for chronic GVHD showed no statistically significant association with survival, risks of nonrelapse mortality or recurrent malignancy, or duration of systemic treatment. Antecedent late acute GVHD was associated with an increased risk of nonrelapse mortality and prolonged treatment among patients with NIH chronic GVHD. Our results support the consensus recommendation that, with appropriate stratification, clinical trials can include patients with late acute GVHD as well as those with NIH chronic GVHD.
Predictors of defaulting from completion of child immunization in south Ethiopia, May 2008 – A case control study
Authors: Tadesse Henoke , Deribew Amare , Woldie Mirkuzie 
Published: May 2009

Abstract

Background
Epidemiological investigations of recent outbreaks of vaccine preventable diseases have indicated that incomplete immunization was the major reason for the outbreaks. In Ethiopia, full immunization rate is low and reasons for defaulting from immunization are not studied well. The objective of the study was to identify the predictors of defaulting from completion of child immunization among children between ages 9–23 months in Wonago district, South Ethiopia.

Methods
Unmatched case control study was conducted in eight Kebeles (lowest administrative unit) of Wonago district in south Ethiopia. Census was done to identify all cases and controls. A total of 266 samples (133 cases and 133 controls) were selected by simple random sampling technique. Cases were children in the age group of 9 to 23 months who did not complete the recommended immunization schedule. Pre-tested structured questionnaire were used for data collection. Data was analyzed using SPSS 15.0 statistical software.

Results
Four hundred eighteen (41.7%) of the children were fully vaccinated and four hundred twelve (41.2%) of the children were partially vaccinated. The BCG: measles defaulter rate was 76.2%. Knowledge of the mothers about child immunization, monthly family income, postponing child immunization and perceived health institution support were the best predictors of defaulting from completion of child immunization.

Conclusion
Mothers should be educated about the benefits of vaccination and the timely administration of vaccines.
Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia Induces 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase in Rat Heart
Authors: Klusoňová Petra , Řeháková Lenka , Borchert Gudrun , Vagnerová Karla , Neckář Jan , Ergang Peter , Mikšík Ivan , Kolář František , Pácha Jiří 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Corticosteroids are known to not only regulate electrolyte homeostasis but also play a role in the cardiovascular system, including myocardial remodeling. Because transgenic mice that overexpress 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11HSD) type 2 in cardiomyocytes have been shown to spontaneously develop cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, we investigated whether changes in the cardiac metabolism of glucocorticoids accompany remodeling of the heart under physiological conditions. In the present study, glucocorticoid metabolism and 11HSD2 were explored in the hearts of rats exposed to chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (CIH), which induces hypertrophy and fibrosis of the right and less of the left ventricle. We first demonstrated that adaptation to CIH led to a significant increase in 11HSD2 transcript levels and activity in the myocardium. In contrast, neither 11HSD1 activity and mRNA level nor the abundance of mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptor mRNA were up-regulated. The adaptation to CIH also led to an increase of 11HSD2 mRNA in isolated cardiomyocytes, whereas 11HSD1, glucocorticoid receptor, and mineralocorticoid receptor mRNA levels were not changed in comparison with the cardiomyocytes of control normoxic rats. The changes in cardiac metabolism of glucocorticoids were accompanied by inflammatory responses. The expression levels of the proinflammatory markers cyclooxygenase-2 and osteopontin were significantly increased in both the myocardium and the cardiomyocytes isolated from rats exposed to CIH. These findings suggest that myocardial remodeling induced by CIH is associated with the up-regulation of cardiac 11HSD2. Consequently, local metabolism of glucocorticoids could indeed play a role in cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis.