bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Perception and Performance by Multimodal Threat Cueing in Simulated Combat Vehicle
Authors: Oskarsson Per-Anders , Eriksson Lars , Carlander Otto 
Published: December 2011

Objective: In a simulated combat vehicle, uni-, bi-, and trimodal cueing of direction to threat were compared with the purpose to investigate whether multisensory redundant information may enhance dynamic perception and performance. Background: Previous research has shown that multimodal display presentation can enhance perception of information and task performance. Method: Two experiments in a simulated combat vehicle were performed under the instructions to turn the vehicle toward the threat as fast and accurately as possible after threat cue onset. In Experiment 1, direction to threat was presented by four display types: visual head-down display, tactile belt, 3-D audio, and trimodal with the three displays combined. In Experiment 2, direction to threat was presented by three display types: visual head-up display (HUD)–3-D audio, tactile belt–3-D audio, and trimodal with HUD, tactile belt, and 3-D audio combined. Results: In Experiment 1, the trimodal display provided overall best performance and perception of threat direction. In Experiment 2, both the trimodal and HUD–3-D audio displays led to overall best performance, and the trimodal display provided overall the best perception of threat direction. None of the trimodal displays induced higher mental workload or secondary task interference. Conclusion: The trimodal displays provided overall enhanced perception and performance in the dynamically framed threat scenario and did not entail higher mental workload or decreased spare capacity. Application: Trimodal displays with redundant information may contribute to safer and more reliable peak performance in time-critical dynamic tasks and especially in more extreme and stressful situations with high perceptual or mental workload.
The institutionalization of meritocracy in Latin American regulatory agencies
Authors: Parrado Salvador , Salvador Miquel 
Published: December 2011

Research into 72 regulatory authorities in four policy sectors (pharmacy, telecommunications, finances and pensions) in 18 Latin American countries shows that the institutionalization of meritocratic practices in the recruitment and careers of its staff has not been widespread, even in countries with a professionalized bureaucracy. The implementation of meritocracy could be partially explained through the policy sector and the influence of epistemic communities while alternative explanations like administrative legacies or the autonomy of the regulatory authorities to devise and implement personnel policies play a less important role. The institutionalization of meritocracy in ‘islands of excellence’ has policy implications for sustained merit-based strategies for the civil service. Points for practitioners This research has shown that the institutionalization of meritocracy is not widespread when considering recruitment and staff careers in 72 regulatory Latin American agencies. Successful meritocratic practices are partially explained by the policy sector in which these agencies operate. Economic regulated sectors (financial services, delivery of pensions and telecommunications) are more meritocratic than social regulated areas (pharmacy). Two explanations have been offered for this. On the one hand, meritocracy seems to be influenced by particular epistemic communities in which competition plays an important role (for instance, economists). On the other hand, agencies need to increase their credibility and attract the confidence of international donors and private regulated enterprises. These findings suggest that the introduction of meritocracy could be more successfully approached through a more individualized process (i.e. by targeting individual agencies) instead of launching overall civil service reforms with uncertain consequences.
Beyond the Screams
Authors: Zavella Patricia 
Published: December 2011

In debates about migration from Mexico, popular culture, especially music, can be an important political space for expressing feelings and thoughts about nativist discourses. Ann Cvetkovich’s notion of “archives of feelings” is helpful for understanding political texts that address the plight of Mexicans in music. Performances become reflexive spaces that foster agency by allowing for a critique of politics from outside of and within Latino communities. Interviews with participants in the Latino punk scene and an interpretation of the documentary film Beyond the Screams/Más allá de los gritos show how punk lyrics, musical performances, and representations become interpretive sites when performed in public. The texts and performances discussed here create powerful transnational archives of feelings that contest official stories about the subordination of Mexicans and all Latinos. En los debates sobre la migración mexicana, la cultura popular, especialmente la música, puede convertirse en un importante espacio político para expresar sentimientos y pensamientos acerca de los discursos nativistas. La noción de “archivos de sentimientos” (archives of feelings) propuesta por Ann Cvetkovich resulta útil para entender los textos políticos que se ocupan, musicalmente, de la difícil situación de los mexicanos. Las actuaciones se convierten en espacios de reflexión que promueven la agencia al presentar una crítica política desde fuera y dentro de las comunidades latinas. Entrevistas con los participantes en la escena punk latina y una interpretación de la película documental Beyond the Screams/Más allá de los gritos muestran cómo las letras de canciones punk, las actuaciones musicales y sus representaciones se convierten en sitios de interpretación cuando se realizan públicamente. Los textos y actuaciones aquí discutidos crean archivos transnacionales de sentimiento que refutan las historias oficiales sobre la subordinación de los mexicanos y todos los latinos.
Women and Leadership in Higher Education
Authors: Madsen Susan R. 
Published: December 2011

The Problem. Postsecondary institutions are struggling more than ever before to find qualified, effective leaders to move into key administrative positions. One reason for the continued lack of prepared leaders is that there still remain few women in higher education positioned to take on such critical roles. The Solution. This Issue overview introduces the importance of and connections among HRD, leadership development, higher education, and leadership programs for women in higher education. It highlights the Issue’s overall problem, purpose, the approach used, and its relevance to practice. Concerns around the shortage of women in leadership positions in higher education settings are introduced, and the unique features of this particular Special Issue are outlined along with a brief introduction of each article. The Stakeholders. This Issue will provide researchers and practitioners in various fields of study with frameworks to use in developing, evaluating, and researching leadership programs for women in higher education and beyond.
Thinking About Workplace Engagement
Authors: Reio Thomas G. , Sanders-Reio Joanne 
Published: December 2011

The Problem. This study investigated the frequency with which employees (N = 272) in a computer sciences company in the United States were the target of supervisor and coworker incivility as well as the link between this incivility and worker engagement. Participants completed a paper-and-pencil survey consisting of the Workplace Engagement Scale (Shuck) and modified versions of the Workplace Incivility Scale (Cortina, Magley, Williams, & Langhout). The Solution. Results indicated that 78% of the participants had experienced supervisor incivility and 81% had experienced coworker incivility during the past year. MANOVA analysis revealed that females had experienced more coworker incivility and males had experienced more supervisor incivility. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that after controlling for gender and age, both incivility variables were negative predictors of safety and availability engagement. Specifically, coworker incivility more powerfully predicted safety engagement whereas supervisor incivility was more closely linked with availability engagement. Recommendations for HRD research and practice are discussed. The Stakeholders. Stakeholders include workplace supervisors/managers, HRD professionals, HR managers, organizational leaders, and employees.
Effects of the total replacement of fish-based diet with plant-based diet on the hepatic transcriptome of two European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) half-sibfamilies showing different growth rates with the plant-based diet
Authors: Geay Florian , Ferraresso Serena , Zambonino-Infante Jose L , Bargelloni Luca , Quentel Claire , Vandeputte Marc , Kaushik Sachi , Cahu Chantal L , Mazurais David 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

Background
Efforts towards utilisation of diets without fish meal (FM) or fish oil (FO) in finfish aquaculture have been being made for more than two decades. Metabolic responses to substitution of fishery products have been shown to impact growth performance and immune system of fish as well as their subsequent nutritional value, particularly in marine fish species, which exhibit low capacity for biosynthesis of long-chain poly-unsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA). The main objective of the present study was to analyse the effects of a plant-based diet on the hepatic transcriptome of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax).

Results
We report the first results obtained using a transcriptomic approach on the liver of two half-sibfamilies of the European sea bass that exhibit similar growth rates when fed a fish-based diet (FD), but significantly different growth rates when fed an all-plant diet (VD). Overall gene expression was analysed using oligo DNA microarrays (GPL9663). Statistical analysis identified 582 unique annotated genes differentially expressed between groups of fish fed the two diets, 199 genes regulated by genetic factors, and 72 genes that exhibited diet-family interactions. The expression of several genes involved in the LC-PUFA and cholesterol biosynthetic pathways was found to be up-regulated in fish fed VD, suggesting a stimulation of the lipogenic pathways. No significant diet-family interaction for the regulation of LC-PUFA biosynthesis pathways could be detected by microarray analysis. This result was in agreement with LC-PUFA profiles, which were found to be similar in the flesh of the two half-sibfamilies. In addition, the combination of our transcriptomic data with an analysis of plasmatic immune parameters revealed a stimulation of complement activity associated with an immunodeficiency in the fish fed VD, and different inflammatory status between the two half-sibfamilies. Biological processes related to protein catabolism, amino acid transaminations, RNA splicing and blood coagulation were also found to be regulated by diet, while the expression of genes involved in protein and ATP synthesis differed between the half-sibfamilies.

Conclusions
Overall, the combined gene expression, compositional and biochemical studies demonstrated a large panel of metabolic and physiological effects induced by total substitution of both FM and FO in the diets of European sea bass and revealed physiological characteristics associated with the two half-sibfamilies.
Chromothripsis is a common mechanism driving genomic rearrangements in primary and metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Kloosterman Wigard P , Hoogstraat Marlous , Paling Oscar , Tavakoli-Yaraki Masoumeh , Renkens Ivo , Vermaat Joost S , van Roosmalen Markus J , van Lieshout Stef , Nijman Isaac J , Roessingh Wijnand , van 't Slot Ruben , van de Belt José , Guryev Victor , Koudijs Marco , Voest Emile , Cuppen Edwin 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Background
Structural rearrangements form a major class of somatic variation in cancer genomes. Local chromosome shattering, termed chromothripsis, is a mechanism proposed to be the cause of clustered chromosomal rearrangements and was recently described to occur in a small percentage of tumors. The significance of these clusters for tumor development or metastatic spread is largely unclear.

Results
We used genome-wide long mate-pair sequencing and SNP array profiling to reveal that chromothripsis is a widespread phenomenon in primary colorectal cancer and metastases. We find large and small chromothripsis events in nearly every colorectal tumor sample and show that several breakpoints of chromothripsis clusters and isolated rearrangements affect cancer genes, including NOTCH2, EXO1 and MLL3. We complemented the structural variation studies by sequencing the coding regions of a cancer exome in all colorectal tumor samples and found somatic mutations in 24 genes, including APC, KRAS, SMAD4 and PIK3CA. A pairwise comparison of somatic variations in primary and metastatic samples indicated that many chromothripsis clusters, isolated rearrangements and point mutations are exclusively present in either the primary tumor or the metastasis and may affect cancer genes in a lesion-specific manner.

Conclusions
We conclude that chromothripsis is a prevalent mechanism driving structural rearrangements in colorectal cancer and show that a complex interplay between point mutations, simple copy number changes and chromothripsis events drive colorectal tumor development and metastasis.
Adipose Tissue Depot-Specific Differences in the Regulation of Hyaluronan Production of Relevance to Graves' Orbitopathy
Authors: Zhang Lei , Grennan-Jones Fiona , Lane Carol , Rees D. Aled , Dayan Colin M. , Ludgate Marian 
Published: December 2011

Context:
Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is associated with Graves' disease, in which anti-TSH receptor (TSHR) autoantibodies (thyroid-stimulating antibodies) increase cAMP causing hyperthyroidism. Excess adipogenesis and hyaluronan (HA) overproduction [HA synthase 2 (HAS2) is the major source] expand the orbital contents causing GO. TSHR activation participates in both processes but an anti-TSHR monoclonal without TSAB activity also increased HA, suggesting the involvement of other cascades.

Objective and Patients Studied:
We investigated using in vitro models in which preadipocytes/fibroblasts from human orbital (n = 12) and sc (n = 10) adipose tissues were treated with IGF-I (to probe the pAkt pathway, recently identified as a positive regulator of HAS2), TSH, and/or various inhibitors. Changes in HA during in vitro-induced adipogenesis were also evaluated.

Main Outcome and Results:
Adipogenesis in orbital preadipocytes was accompanied by significantly increased HAS2 transcripts and HA accumulation in contrast to sc cells in which differentiation significantly decreased HAS2 mRNA and secreted HA. Surprisingly, IGF-I alone did not increase HAS2 levels, despite significantly increasing the ratio of phosphorylated to total Akt; furthermore, an Akt inhibitor increased orbital (but not sc) HAS2 transcripts. A stimulatory effect of IGF-I on HAS2 transcripts was revealed by addition of rapamycin in sc but by a MAPK kinase inhibitor in orbital fibroblasts.

Conclusions:
The results have several possible explanations including a phosphorylation-dependent repressor of HAS2 transcript accumulation, exclusively in the orbit. The difference in control of HAS2 expression allows the activation of one of the mechanisms underlying GO, adipogenesis, to be linked biologically with the second, HA overproduction.
3D isotropic turbo spin-echo intermediate-weighted sequence with refocusing control in knee imaging: comparison study with 3D isotropic fast-field echo sequence
Authors: Seo Jung Min , Yoon Young Cheol , Kwon Jong Won 
Published: December 2011

Background Three-dimensional (3D) turbo spin-echo (TSE) images have been used in imaging of the extremities and comparable diagnostic performance to two-dimensional (2D) TSE images has been reported in several studies. However, comparison of the 3D isotropic TSE intermediate-weighted sequence and 3D FFE sequence in terms of image quality has not been investigated. Purpose To compare the image quality of a 3D isotropic TSE intermediate-weighted sequence with refocusing control (volume isotropic turbo spin echo acquisition [VISTA]) and a 3D isotropic fast-field echo (FFE) sequence of the knee joint. Material and Methods 3.0 T knee MRI with VISTA and 3D FFE sequences was performed in 10 healthy volunteers (3 men, 7 women; age range 26–30 years). Two radiologists with specialties in the musculoskeletal system assessed tissue contrast between the fluid-cruciate ligament (F-L), fluid-meniscus (F-M), and fluid-cartilage (F-C) based on a 4-point scale (1, poor; 2, fair; 3, good; and 4, excellent). Statistical analysis for inter-observer agreement and differences in grades in tissue contrast between VISTA and 3D FFE images (Wilcoxon signed-rank) were performed. For a quantitative analysis, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was obtained by imaging phantom and noise-only image. Image contrast ratios (CRs) were calculated between F-L, F-M, and F-C in volunteer images of VISTA and 3D FFE and compared statistically with a paired t-test. Results Based on qualitative analysis, VISTA had statistically superior grades of tissue contrast in F-L ( P < 0.001) and F-M ( P < 0.001). 3D FFE had superior but not statistically significant ( P = 0.317) grades in F-C. Based on quantitative analysis, the SNR of the phantom imaging was higher in VISTA than that in 3D FFE (28.18 vs. 14.90). VISTA had superior CRs in F-L ( P < 0.001) and F-M ( P < 0.001). 3D FFE had superior CR in F-C ( P = 0.038). Conclusion The VISTA sequence was superior in tissue contrast between F-M and F-L, and 3D FFE was superior in tissue contrast between F-C, subjectively and quantitatively.
High complication rate in reconstruction of Paprosky type IIIa acetabular defects using an oblong implant with modular side plates and a hook
Authors: Babis G. C. , Sakellariou V. I. , Chatziantoniou A. N. , Soucacos P. N. , Megas P. 
Published: December 2011

We report the results of 62 hips in 62 patients (17 males, 45 females) with mean age of 62.4 years (37 to 81), who underwent revision of the acetabular component of a total hip replacement due to aseptic loosening between May 2003 and November 2007. All hips had a Paprosky type IIIa acetabular defect. Acetabular revision was undertaken using a Procotyl E cementless oblong implant with modular side plates and a hook combined with impaction allografting. At a mean follow-up of 60.5 months (36 to 94) with no patients lost to follow-up and one died due to unrelated illness, the complication rate was 38.7%. Complications included aseptic loosening (19 hips), deep infection (3 hips), broken hook and side plate (one hip) and a femoral nerve palsy (one hip). Further revision of the acetabular component was required in 18 hips (29.0%) and a further four hips (6.4%) are currently loose and awaiting revision. We observed unacceptably high rates of complication and failure in our group of patients and cannot recommend this implant or technique.
Contributions of Overseeded Clovers to Bermudagrass Pastures in Several Environments
Authors: Han Kun‐Jun , Alison Montgomery W. , Pitman William D. , McCormick Michael E. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTBermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.], a base forage in southeastern United States livestock production, often fails to meet nutrient requirements of some classes of livestock. Contributions of arrowleaf (Trifolium vesiculosum Savi), ball (Trifolium nigrescens Viv.), berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum L.), crimson (Trifolium incarnatum L.), red (Trifolium pratense L.), and white (Trifolium repens L.) clovers to overseeded bermudagrass swards were compared with monoculture bermudagrass receiving 0, 112, or 225 kg ha−1 of N fertilizer on a range of sites. Berseem and crimson clovers produced up to 2.2 Mg ha−1 in March and early April, with berseem particularly reliable on fertile silt loam soils. Red clover was about 3 wk later with growth continuing until July most dependably at the more northern of the loam‐soil locations. Intermediate white clover, although not managed optimally for the species, was a productive late clover only at the southern location. All clovers overseeded on Darley fine sand were unsuccessful both years. Variable responses among clover species and sites from overseeded bermudagrass indicate that this clover production approach is very site specific in the lower southeastern United States.
What Do Primary Care Doctors Get Out of a Year-Long Postgraduate Course in Community Psychological Medicine?
Authors: Lam T. P. , Goldberg David , Tse Eileen Y. Y. , Lam K. F. , Mak K. Y. , Lam Edmund W. W. 
Published: December 2011

Objective: There are increasing expectations on primary care doctors to care for patients with common mental health problems. This study examines the outcomes of a postgraduate training course in psychological medicine for primary care doctors. Methods: A questionnaire developed by the research team was sent to the Course graduates (year 2003–2007). A retrospective design was adopted to compare their clinical practice characteristics before and after the Course. Differences in the ratings by the respondents before and after the Course were analyzed using the nonparametric Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: Sixty-nine graduates replied with a response rate of 58.5% (69/118). Most respondents were confident of diagnosing (96.9%) and managing (97.0%) common mental health problems after the Course, compared to 50.0% and 50.7%, respectively, before the Course. Most graduates had modified their approach, increased their attention and empathy to patients with mental health problems. The percentage of respondents having enough time to treat these patients had increased from 55.8% to 72.1%. The median number of patients with mental health problems seen per week was in the range of 3–6 before, and had increased to the range of 7–10 after the Course. The proportion of respondents being confident of making appropriate referrals had increased from 72.8% to 97.0%, while the number of referrals to psychiatrists had dropped significantly. Conclusions: The Course is effective in improving graduates' confidence, attitude, and skills in treating patients with common mental health problems. There are significant increases in the number of mental health patients handled, increased confidence in making referrals to psychiatrists, and decreased percentage of patients being referred.