bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Class-based approach to disambiguating Levin verbs
Authors: LI JIANGUO , BREW CHRIS 
Published: October 2010

AbstractLapata and Brew (Computational Linguistics, vol. 30, 2004, pp. 295–313) (hereafter LB04) obtain from untagged texts a statistical prior model that is able to generate class preferences for ambiguous Lewin (English Verb Classes and Alternations: A Preliminary Investigation, 1993, University of Chicago Press) verbs (hereafter Levin). They also show that their informative priors, incorporated into a Naive Bayes classifier deduced from hand-tagged data (HTD), can aid in verb class disambiguation. We re-analyse LB04's prior model and show that a single factor (the joint probability of class and frame) determines the predominant class for a particular verb in a particular frame. This means that the prior model cannot be sensitive to fine-grained lexical distinctions between different individual verbs falling in the same class.We replicate LB04's supervised disambiguation experiments on large-scale data, using deep parsers rather than the shallow parser of LB04. In addition, we introduce a method for training our classifier without using HTD. This relies on knowledge of Levin class memberships to move information from unambiguous to ambiguous instances of each class. We regard this system as unsupervised because it does not rely on human annotation of individual verb instances. Although our unsupervised verb class disambiguator does not match the performance of the ones that make use of HTD, it consistently outperforms the random baseline model. Our experiments also demonstrate that the informative priors derived from untagged texts help improve the performance of the classifier trained on untagged data.
Automatic discovery of word semantic relations using paraphrase alignment and distributional lexical semantics analysis
Authors: DIAS GAËL , MORALIYSKI RUMEN , CORDEIRO JOÃO , DOUCET ANTOINE , AHONEN-MYKA HELENA 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThesauri, which list the most salient semantic relations between words, have mostly been compiled manually. Therefore, the inclusion of an entry depends on the subjective decision of the lexicographer. As a consequence, those resources are usually incomplete. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised methodology to automatically discover pairs of semantically related words by highlighting their local environment and evaluating their semantic similarity in local and global semantic spaces. This proposal differs from all other research presented so far as it tries to take the best of two different methodologies, i.e. semantic space models and information extraction models. In particular, it can be applied to extract close semantic relations, it limits the search space to few, highly probable options and it is unsupervised.
The automatic identification of lexical variation between language varieties
Authors: PEIRSMAN YVES , GEERAERTS DIRK , SPEELMAN DIRK 
Published: October 2010

AbstractLanguages are not uniform. Speakers of different language varieties use certain words differently – more or less frequently, or with different meanings. We argue that distributional semantics is the ideal framework for the investigation of such lexical variation. We address two research questions and present our analysis of the lexical variation between Belgian Dutch and Netherlandic Dutch. The first question involves a classic application of distributional models: the automatic retrieval of synonyms. We use corpora of two different language varieties to identify the Netherlandic Dutch synonyms for a set of typically Belgian words. Second, we address the problem of automatically identifying words that are typical of a given lect, either because of their high frequency or because of their divergent meaning. Overall, we show that distributional models are able to identify more lectal markers than traditional keyword methods. Distributional models also have a bias towards a different type of variation. In summary, our results demonstrate how distributional semantics can help research in variational linguistics, with possible future applications in lexicography or terminology extraction.
Histological and Stereological Characterization of Brown Trout (Salmo truttaf.fario) Trunk Kidney
Authors: Resende Albina D. , Lobo-da-Cunha Alexandre , Malhão Fernanda , Franquinho Filipa , Monteiro Rogério A.F. , Rocha Eduardo 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe large variability in kidney morphology among fish makes it difficult to build a “universal” model on its function and structure. Therefore, a morphological study of brown trout trunk kidney was performed, considering potential seasonal and sex effects. Three-year-old specimens of both sexes were collected at four stages of their reproductive cycle. Kidney was processed for light and electron microscopy. The relative volumes of renal components, such as renal corpuscles and different nephron tubules, were estimated by stereological methods. Qualitatively, the general nephron structure of brown trout was similar to that described for other glomerular teleost species. Quantitatively, however, differences in the relative volume of some renal components were detected between sexes and among seasons. Particularly, highest values of vacuolized tubules and new growing tubules were observed after spawning, being more relevant in females. Despite seasonal changes, more linear correlations were found between those parameters and the reno-somatic index than the gonado-somatic index. Thus, we verified that some brown trout renal components undergo sex dependent seasonal variations, suggesting a morphological adaptation of the components to accomplish physiological needs. These findings constitute a baseline for launching studies to know which factors govern the morphological variations and their functional consequences.
Comparison of [111In]pentetreotide‐SPECT and [18F]FDOPA‐PET in the localization of extra‐adrenal paragangliomas: the case for a patient‐tailored use of nuclear imaging modalities
Authors: Charrier N. , Deveze A. , Fakhry N. , Sebag F. , Morange I. , Gaborit B. , Barlier A. , Carmona E. , De Micco C. , Garcia S. , Mancini J. , Palazzo F. F. , Lavieille J. P. , Zanaret M. , Henry J. F. , Mundler O. , Taïeb D. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryAims and methods  The aim of this prospective study was to compare the diagnostic value of [18F]FDOPA‐PET and [111In]pentetreotide‐SPECT somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS) in patients with nonmetastatic extra‐adrenal paragangliomas (PGLs). Twenty‐five consecutive unrelated patients who were known or suspected of having nonmetastatic extra‐adrenal PGLs were prospectively evaluated with SRS and [18F]FDOPA‐PET. 131I‐MIBG and [18F]FDG‐PET were added to the work‐up in patients with a personal or familial history of PGL, predisposing mutations, abdominal PGLs, metanephrine hypersecretion and abdominal foci on SRS and/or [18F]FDOPA‐PET.Results  SRS correctly detected 23/45 lesions of which 20 were head or neck lesions (H&N) and 3 were abdominal lesions. [18F]FDOPA‐PET detected significantly more lesions than SRS (39/45, P < 0·001). Both SRS and 18F‐DOPA‐PET detected significantly more H&N than abdominal lesions (66·7%vs 20%, P = 0·003 and 96·7%vs 67%, P = 0·012, respectively). In two patients with the succinate dehydrogenase D (SDHD) mutation, [18F]FDOPA‐PET missed five abdominal PGLs which were detected by the combination of SRS, [131I]MIBG and [18F]FDG‐PET. A lesion‐based analysis using a forward stepwise logistic regression model demonstrates that size ≤ 10 mm (P = 0·002) and abdominal lesions (P = 0·031) were independently associated with “[18F]FDOPA‐PET diagnosis only”. In turn, a previous history of surgery and/or the presence of germline mutation was associated with lower lesion size (P = 0·001).Conclusions  The sensitivity of SRS for localizing parasympathetic PGLs is lower than originally reported, and [18F]FDOPA‐PET is better than SRS for localizing small lesions. SRS should be replaced by [18F]FDOPA‐PET as the first‐line imaging procedure in H&N PGL, especially in patients at risk of multifocal disease (predisposing mutations and or previous history of surgery).
Determinants of plasma PTH and their implication for defining a reference interval
Authors: Rejnmark Lars , Vestergaard Peter , Heickendorff Lene , Mosekilde Leif 
Published: October 2010

SummaryBackground  To improve the diagnostic sensitivity of PTH measurements, more data on the upper limit of the reference interval for PTH levels were requested at a recent international consensus conference. As PTH levels vary inversely with plasma 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels and as vitamin D insufficiency is widespread, particular attention should be given to the influence of low vitamin D levels on the PTH reference interval.Aim, design and methods  In a cross‐sectional design, including 2316 women aged 17–84, we determined 95% reference interval using a nonparametric approach and studied the effects of potential predictors on plasma PTH levels.Results  PTH was a positive function of age, body weight and BMI and inversely associated with total daily calcium intake, smoking, plasma calcium levels and 25OHD levels, all of which explained 16% of the variability in plasma PTH levels. The threshold value for 25OHD levels below which PTH levels started to rise was 82 nmol/l. Plasma PTH levels varied inversely with the seasonal variations in 25OHD levels. Mean PTH level was 4·1 pmol/l with a reference interval equal to 2·0–8·6 pmol/l. Restricting the population in whom the reference interval was calculated to only women with 25OHD levels above 30 or 100 nmol/l lowered the upper limit of the reference interval to 8·4 and 7·1 pmol/l, respectively. Similar, stratification according to age, body mass index, smoking and calcium intake had only minor impact on the reference interval.Conclusion  Indices with known effects on plasma PTH levels have only a minor impact on the upper levels of the normative reference interval in women with intact renal function.
Design, objectives, execution and reporting of published open‐label extension studies
Authors: Megan Bowers , Pickering Ruth M. , Weatherall Mark 
Published: October 2010

AbstractRationale, aims and objectives  Open‐label extension (OLE) studies following blinded randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of pharmaceuticals are increasingly being carried out but do not conform to regulatory standards and questions surround the validity of their evidence. OLE studies are usually discussed as a homogenous group, yet substantial differences in study design still meet the definition of an OLE. We describe published papers reporting OLE studies focussing on stated objectives, design, conduct and reporting.Method  A search of Embase and Medline databases for 1996 to July 2008 revealed 268 papers reporting OLE studies that met our eligibility criteria. A random sample of 50 was selected for detailed review.Results  Over 80% of the studies had efficacy stated as an objective. The most common methods of allocation at the start of the OLE were for all RCT participants to switch to one active treatment or for only participants on the new drug to continue, but in three studies all participants were re‐randomized at the start of the OLE. Eligibility criteria and other selection factors resulted in on average of 74% of participants in the preceding RCT(s) enrolling in the OLE and only 57% completed it.Conclusions  Published OLE studies do not form a homogenous group with respect to design or retention of participants, and thus the validity of evidence from an OLE should be judged on an individual basis. The term ‘open label’ suggests bias through lack of blinding, but slippage in relation to the sample randomized in the preceding RCT may be the more important threat to validity.
Canadian military transitioning to civilian life: a discussion paper
Authors: RAY S. L. , HEASLIP K. 
Published: October 2010

Accessible summary

Cultural competent nursing care is the best context within which to place veterans transitioning to civilian life.
There is a need for nurses in all practice settings to recognize the unique nature of veterans as a cultural group transitioning to civilian life.
Culturally specific nursing interventions and care plans should be tailored to meet the needs of veterans as a cultural group in regards to their practices and beliefs which in turn, will improve client outcomes.
Future research is needed to assess the efficacy of current services in meeting returning veterans' and the families' needs; to adapt existing programs and services to current circumstances; to aid veterans and their families over the long term; to help veterans transition to the workforce effectively; to compare the transition experience at an international level; to develop a transition model that situates the veteran culture as the overriding framework for testing and to understand the experience of transitioning to civilian life within the context of the veteran culture.

AbstractThe purpose of this discussion paper is to explore the existing literature from Canada on transitioning from military to civilian life for veterans of recent deployments. A number of topics relating to the transition experience emerged: interpersonal readjustment, emotional including mental health needs, school needs, and social needs. Implications for nursing will be discussed in terms of veterans as a cultural group and culturally competent nursing care. Recommendations for future nursing research include how well current services are meeting the needs of the younger, more recent veterans transitioning to civilian life; conducting longitudinal studies on the impact of transitioning to civilian life for veterans and their families; comparing the transition experience at an international level; developing a transition model that situates the veteran culture as the overarching framework for testing and understanding the experience of transitioning to civilian life.
Angiokeratoma of the clitoris with evident vulvar varicosity
Authors: Ulker Volkan , Cakir Emel , Gedikbasi Ali , Akyol Alpaslan , Numanoglu Ceyhun , Gulkilik Ahmet 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAngiokeratomas of the vulva are uncommon, benign vascular lesions that are generally located on the labia. However, the clitoris is an extremely rare location, with only three published cases. We report a case of clitoral angiokeratoma in a 22‐year‐old nulligravida with a history of surgery to remove a clitoral mass at 6 years of age. The case described herein is distinguished from the other case reports by an accompanying varicose structure involving the vulva.
Clinical significance of serum albumin level in pregnancy‐related hypertension
Authors: Seong Won Joon , Chong Gun Oh , Hong Dae Gy , Lee Taek Hoo , Lee Yoon Soon , Cho Young Lae , Chun Sang Sik , Park Il Soo 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAim:  To evaluate the usefulness of serum albumin level as a marker of severity in pregnancy‐related hypertension.Methods:  Of 454 patients with pregnancy‐related hypertension who were admitted to Kyungpook National University Hospital between May 1999 and April 2008, the medical records and laboratory tests of 354 patients who met the inclusion criteria for the current study were reviewed. A comparison of the characteristics of each hypertension group and the correlation between serum albumin levels and the time to delivery, 24‐h urine protein, and/or pregnancy outcomes were statistically analyzed using SPSS 12.0 (SPSS Korea, Korea).Results:  Serum albumin level had a negative correlation with 24‐h urine protein (Pearson's correlation coefficient = −0.481) and a positive correlation with time to delivery (= 0.389). Serum albumin ≤3.0 g/dL was highly associated with severe proteinuria (>2 g/day). There were significant differences in maternal or perinatal morbidity as a function of serum albumin level. If serum albumin level fell below 2.5 g/dL, the risks of ascites, hemolysis elevated liver enzyme low platelet (HELLP) syndrome and perinatal mortality significantly increased (odds ratio [OR] and 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.5 [1.5–8.1], 12 [3.1–45], and 6.1 [1.7–22], respectively).Conclusion:  Serum albumin level in pregnancy‐related hypertension is a significant determinant of disease severity and may be considered as a useful marker for predicting time to delivery, severe proteinuria, and pregnancy outcomes.
Maternal plasma total antioxidant status in preterm labor
Authors: Cinkaya Aysegül , Keskin Hüseyin Levent , Buyukkagnici Umran , Gungor Tayfun , Keskin Esra Aktepe , Avsar Ayse Filiz , Bilge Umit 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAim:  To investigate the role of oxidative stress and antioxidant status in preterm labor.Methods:  Twenty‐five cases diagnosed with preterm labor were included in the study group, whereas 25 women with uncomplicated pregnancies at similar stages of pregnancy were included in the control group. Total antioxidant status was measured in maternal plasma using a Hitachi 911 auto analyzer and a total antioxidant status kit (Randox Laboratories, UK) in mmol/L.Results:  Mean serum antioxidant status were lower in patients (1.002 ± 0.177 mmol/L) than in controls (1.258 ± 0.147 mmol/L) (P < 0.001).Conclusion:  Women with preterm labor have decreased total antioxidant status compared with uncomplicated pregnancies in similar gestational weeks. Future work should clarify whether decreased total antioxidant status precedes preterm labor in a prospective cohort study.
Middle cerebral artery‐peak systolic velocity in dizygotic twins with anti‐E alloimmunization
Authors: Satake Yumiko , Sato Yukiyasu , Matsumura Noriomi , Tatsumi Keiji , Fujiwara Hiroshi , Konishi Ikuo 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMiddle cerebral artery‐peak systolic velocity (MCA‐PSV) has been reported to predict fetal anemia with similar accuracy as amniotic ΔOD450 assay. Alloimmunized dizygotic twin pregnancy allows us to compare anemic and non‐anemic twins in the same intrauterine environment. We herein present a case of Rh (E)‐incompatible dizygotic twin pregnancy, where MCA‐PSV could precisely detect the anemia in one of the twins. A 36‐year‐old woman, whose previous child required exchange transfusion due to hemolytic anemia of newborn (HFDN), conceived twins after in vitro fertilization‐embryo transfer. At 24 weeks' gestation, MCA‐PSV of twin A and twin B were 23.9 cm/s (0.8 multiples of median; MoM) and 30.7 cm/s (1.0 MoM), respectively. At 31 weeks' gestation, MCA‐PSV values of both twins were sharply elevated to nearly 1.4 MoM. Thereafter, MCA‐PSV of twin A fell to 1.0 MoM, whereas MCA‐PSV of twin B exceeded 1.5 MoM at 34 weeks' gestation. Development of fetal anemia was suspected and emergency cesarean section was performed. Twin B showed moderate anemia with positive direct Coombs' test and was diagnosed as HFDN due to anti‐E alloimmunization. Twin B required phototherapy and red cell transfusion, but exchange transfusion was safely obviated.
Non‐surgical management of post‐cesarean uterine infection with marked myometrial gas formation
Authors: Matsubara Shigeki , Saito Yutaka , Shimada Kazuhiko , Morisawa Yuji , Toshima Masaki , Fujita Akifumi , Izumi Akio , Suzuki Mitsuaki 
Published: October 2010

AbstractGas in an infected organ generally indicates a severe infection, often requiring surgery; however, data are lacking as to post‐cesarean gas‐forming uterine infection. A 27‐year‐old Japanese primigravida underwent a difficult cesarean section, after which a high fever continued. Computed tomography (CT) revealed marked gas in the uterine anterior myometrium. Diagnosing this condition as post‐cesarean uterine scar infection, we recommended surgical intervention, that is, hysterectomy or at least drainage; however, the patient refused it. Considering the patient's desire and lack of organ‐failure signs, we employed intensive antibiotic treatment for 6 weeks. Serial CT indicated a gradual decrement in the gas amount and she recovered completely after 8 weeks. This case suggests that surgical procedure may not always be necessary for post‐cesarean gas‐forming uterine infection and CT may be useful to detect/follow this condition.
Understanding how men experience, express and cope with mental distress: where next?
Authors: Ridge Damien , Emslie Carol , White Alan 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn line with the shift towards prioritising lay accounts and narratives of chronic illness in sociology, there is an emerging literature on men, their subjectivities and experiences of mental distress. We argue in this paper that subjectivities and distress among men are an important area for critical sociological research. Very little is known about men’s subjectivities or the meanings they give to – and how they cope with or seek help for – distress. At the same time, current theories of gender relations, performativity and wellbeing as they pertain to men are likely to shed further light on subjectivity and distress. However, current theories (and qualitative research involving men and women) are pointing to considerable complexity. In this paper, we outline what is known about distress and men, and consider the utility of gender relations, performativity, subjectivities and wellbeing for a better understanding of distress. We also ask: What other factors influence distress, and how should these be considered in relation to men and masculinities? What are the implications for research and policy?
Social class differences in the accounts of smoking – striving for distinction?
Authors: Katainen Anu 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe dominant trend in smoking prevalence in most Western countries is its increasing association with lower socioeconomic positions, making it a major factor behind inequalities in health. This paper focuses on the reasoning behind smoking, as well as on its social significance among middle‐class and working‐class smokers. The data consist of 55 semi‐structured interviews with daily smokers, ex‐smokers and occasional smokers from different occupational backgrounds. The analysis revealed considerable differences in the ways of accounting for smoking, relating to the respondents’ occupational backgrounds. Contrary to expectations, non‐manual workers tended to consider their smoking functional, pleasurable and controlled, whereas the opposite was the case with the manual workers. Despite the high prevalence of smoking in that group, they were least willing to justify or rationalise their behaviour, whereas the agenda of middle‐class smokers could be interpreted as the reconciliation of middle‐class habitus with a risky, working‐class habit.
The impact of patient advocacy: the case of innovative breast cancer drug reimbursement
Authors: Nahuis Roel , Boon Wouter P.C. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractCurrent research into patient advocacy focuses on attempts of patient groups to mobilise resources and to influence researchers, pharmaceutical companies and policy‐makers. This paper adopts a ‘framing political opportunities’ approach to draw attention to other kinds of advocacy strategies. In a case study of breast cancer patient advocacy of Herceptin reimbursement, it is shown how patient groups tried to gain access to policy‐making by means of three different opportunity‐framing strategies. Articulation aims at creating awareness through public‐agenda building. Negotiation aims at frame alignment between interdependent stakeholders by arranging meetings. Politicisation is a strategy to influence the agendas of political arenas. Patient organisations succeeded in creating awareness and support, which had a considerable impact on other stakeholders. These impacts in turn aided the politicisation of the issue. However, the final impact on reimbursement procedures was only partially achieved due to depoliticising counterstrategies based on persistent ideas buttressing a particular division of responsibilities in the organisation of healthcare. According to these ideas cost control in healthcare is a medical responsibility, not a political one.