bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theoretical analysis of thermal radiative equilibrium via a radiosity method
Authors: Kondo Yoshio , Yamashita Hiroshi 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe propose a theoretical consideration of thermal radiative equilibrium via a radiosity method. According to G. Kirchhoff's research on cavity radiation, the condition of radiative equilibrium arises in a cavity in which the internal wall temperature is uniform. Furthermore, by considering the balance of energy on the wall surfaces in the cavity, the relationship, emittance ϵ = absorptance α, is obtained. Adversely, in the present study, we developed a method to prove the conclusion of the uniformity and uniqueness of radiative equilibrium in the cavity (independent of the emittance of the interior wall surfaces) by considering the relationship ϵ = α on the wall surfaces to be a supposition. Using the concept of radiosity, we proved that the radiosities on the internal wall surfaces can be kept uniform in the enclosed system of thermal radiative equilibrium. This knowledge is advantageous for inspecting the benchmarks of various programs for radiative analysis. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.20372
A putative role for c-Fos in the pathophysiology of paget's disease
Authors: Beedles Karen E. , Sharpe Paul T. , Wagner Erwin F. , Dr. Grigoriadis Agamemnon E. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying Paget's disease and subsequent osteosarcoma formation are not well understood. In this study, we aim to delineate the function of the c-Fos oncogene in Paget's disease using transgenic mice, based on previous findings that c-Fos is highly expressed in Pagetic osteoclasts and that c-Fos is an essential gene for osteoclast differentiation and skeletal neoplasia. We have generated transgenic mice in which c-Fos is overexpressed specifically in osteoclasts using the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) promoter, and five founder mice have been identified. All transgene-expressing animals developed severe bone remodeling lesions, some of which progressed to large bone tumors. Histopathologic analysis indicated that the lesions contained a marked increase in the number of osteoclasts that contained a large number of nuclei. Osteoclasts were identified by histochemical staining for TRAP and by in situ hybridization for matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression. Moreover, transgenic osteoclasts, and in some cases, osteoblasts and chondrocytes, expressed high levels of c-Fos protein as judged by immunocytochemistry. This phenotype of increased osteoclast number and activity, together with an apparently high rate of bone turnover, resembles some characteristics of Paget's disease. These data therefore support an important function for c-Fos in the Pagetic phenotype, and further support the notion that this gene is important in osteoclastogenesis and in bone remodeling disorders.
Notch signaling components are upregulated during both endochondral and intramembranous bone regeneration
Authors: Dishowitz Michael I. , Terkhorn Shawn P. , Bostic Sandra A. , Hankenson Kurt D. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated that Notch signaling regulates endochondral and intramembranous bone formation by controlling cell proliferation and differentiation. Notch signaling has also been shown to regulate healing in a variety of tissues. The objective of this study was to characterize and compare activation of the Notch signaling pathway during endochondral and intramembranous bone healing using tibial fracture and calvarial defect injury models, respectively. Bilateral tibial fractures or bilateral 1.5 mm diameter calvarial defects were created in mice, and tissues were harvested at 0, 5, 10, and 20 days post‐fracture. Gene expression of Notch signaling components was upregulated during both tibial fracture and calvarial defect healing, with expression generally higher during tibial fracture healing. The most highly expressed ligand and receptor during healing, Jag1 and Notch2 (specifically the activated receptor, known as NICD2), were similarly localized in mesenchymal cells during both modes of healing, with expression decreasing during chondrogenesis, but remaining present in osteoblasts at all stages of maturity. Results suggest that in addition to embryological bone development, Notch signaling regulates both endochondral and intramembranous bone healing. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:296–303, 2012
Effects of ripening, 1‐methylcyclopropene and ultra‐high‐pressure pasteurisation on the change of volatiles in Chinese pear cultivars
Authors: Kou Xiaohong , Liu Xiangping , Li Jiangkuo , Xiao Huazhi , Wang Jiehua 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Aroma is one important fruit sensory attribute influenced by the volatile constituents related to species, variety and technological treatments. We analysed the variations of volatile compounds in five pear cultivars and investigated their changes related to different pear organs, different ripening stages, 1‐MCP treatment and ultra‐high‐pressure pasteurisation.RESULTS: Considerable variations exist in the quantity of 10 volatile compounds among five pear cultivars. Their levels generally showed an increasing trend when collected at later harvest time in Ya pear. In Whangkeumbae pear, most volatile compounds reached their maximum levels in skin and pulp. After treating pears with 42 µmol L−1 1‐methylcyclopropene (1‐MCP), the levels of volatiles remained basically unchanged or only slightly increased in Ya pear during a shelf life of 21 days. When Huangguan pear juice was pasteurised by using ultra‐high pressure, the levels of volatiles significantly changed during the shelf life.CONCLUSION: The volatile compositions of five different Chinese pear cultivars differ considerably. The levels of these volatiles vary along with ripening stages and pear tissues. A moderate concentration of 1‐MCP could keep the levels of volatile compounds basically unchanged during storage and ultra‐high‐pressure pasteurisation could change the levels of volatiles significantly during the following shelf life. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Expression of modified tocopherol content and profile in sunflower tissues
Authors: Del Moral Lidia , Fernández‐Martínez José M , Pérez‐Vich Begoña , Velasco Leonardo 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Alpha‐tocopherol is the predominant tocopherol form in sunflower seeds. Sunflower lines that accumulate increased levels of beta‐, gamma‐ and delta‐tocopherol in seeds as well as lines with reduced and increased total seed tocopherol content have been developed. The objective of this research was to evaluate whether the modified tocopherol levels are expressed in plant tissues other than seeds.RESULTS: Lines with increased levels of beta‐, gamma‐ and delta‐tocopherol in seeds also possessed increased levels of these tocopherols in leaves, roots and pollen. Correlation coefficients for the proportion of individual tocopherols in different plant tissues were significantly positive in all cases, ranging from 0.68 to 0.97. A line with reduced tocopherol content in seeds also showed reduced content in roots and pollen.CONCLUSION: Genetic modifications producing altered seed tocopherol profiles in sunflower are also expressed in leaves, roots and pollen. Reduced total seed tocopherol content is mainly expressed at the root and pollen level. The expression of tocopherol mutations in other plant tissues will enable further studies on the physiological role of tocopherols and could be of interest for early selection for these traits in breeding programmes. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Quantitative descriptive analysis of Italian polenta produced with different corn cultivars
Authors: Zeppa Giuseppe , Bertolino Marta , Rolle Luca 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Polenta is a porridge‐like dish, generally made by mixing cornmeal with salt water and stirring constantly while cooking over a low heat. It can be eaten plain, straight from the pan, or topped with various foods (cheeses, meat, sausages, fish, etc.). It is most popular in northern Italy but can also be found in Switzerland, Austria, Croatia, Argentina and other countries in Eastern Europe and South America. Despite this diffusion, there are no data concerning the sensory characteristics of this product. A research study was therefore carried out to define the lexicon for a sensory profile of polenta and relationships with corn cultivars.RESULTS: A lexicon with 13 sensory parameters was defined and validated before references were determined. After panel training, the sensory profiles of 12 autochthonous maize cultivars were defined.CONCLUSION: The results of this research highlighted that quantitative descriptive analysis can also be used for the sensory description of polenta, and that the defined lexicon can be used to describe the sensory qualities of polenta for both basic research, such as maize selection, and product development. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Doubly Hydrophilic Multiarm Hyperbranched Polymers with Acylhydrazone Linkages as Acid‐Sensitive Drug Carriers
Authors: Wang Qiang , Zhu Lijuan , Li Guolin , Tu Chunlai , Pang Yan , Jin Chengyu , Zhu Bangshang , Zhu Xinyuan , Liu Yingqun 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA novel type of drug carrier capable of controlled drug release is proposed. It consists of an acid‐sensitive doubly hydrophilic multiarm hyperbranched copolymer with a hyperbranched polyamidoamine core and many linear poly(ethylene glycol) arms. Using pH‐sensitive acylhydrazone linkages, the polymer forms unimolecular micelles that can encapsulate hydrophobic drugs. Due to their amphiphilicity, the drug‐loaded unimolecular micelles can self‐assemble into multimolecular micelles that show acid‐triggered intracellular delivery of the hydrophobic drugs. magnified image
Application of diffusion‐edited NMR spectroscopy for selective suppression of water signal in the determination of monomer composition in alginates
Authors: Vilén Eric Morssing , Klinger Markus , Sandström Corine 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAlginate is a linear copolymer of 1‐4 linked β‐D‐mannuronic acid (M) and 1‐4 linked α‐L‐guluronic acid (G). The physical properties of these polysaccharides such as gel properties and viscosity are largely correlated to the monomer composition (M/G ratio), the sequence of the polymer and the molecular weight. Determination of the M/G ratio is therefore important and NMR spectroscopy is among the most common methods used to accurately obtain this ratio. Instead of using time consuming, possibly sample altering, acid hydrolysis to reduce the viscosity of the alginate sample prior to analysis, samples of low concentrations can be used. However, this results in a water peak in the NMR spectrum that is several orders of magnitude larger than the alginate signals and water suppression is required. In this article, a diffusion‐edited NMR experiment that suppresses the water peak while retaining the signals of interest has been used to enable correct M/G ratio determination. This approach exploits the difference in translational diffusion between the larger alginate molecules and the smaller water molecules. Using this method, the monomer composition of 20 different alginate powders was determined. The diffusion parameters were optimized to allow measurement for samples covering a large range of M/G ratios and viscosities. Thus, such method should be useful for analyzing large numbers of unknown alginate samples using, for example, automation procedures. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An investigation of glass–fiber reinforced polyamide 66 during conditioning in various automotive fluids
Authors: Thomason James L. , Porteus Glen 
Published: August 2011

AbstractInjection molded glass–fiber reinforced polyamide 66 composites and unreinforced polymer samples have been characterized during conditioning up to 900 h in water, ethylene glycol, and water–glycol mixture at 50 and 70°C. All materials showed significant fluid and temperature‐dependent weight and volume increase. Glass reinforcement significantly reduced the polymer fluid uptake. The absorption of the antifreeze mixture initially follows a simple rule of mixtures of the absorption of the two individual components. However, after absorption of ∼5% a significantly higher than predicted level of antifreeze absorption was observed. This coincided with a significant increase in the volumetric swelling coefficient. Dynamic mechanical analysis and unnotched impact testing indicated significant changes in composite mechanical performance dependent on conditioning fluid and temperature. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Uniform star‐polystyrene nanoparticles prepared by emulsion atom transfer radical polymerization
Authors: Wang Wenhao , Liu Hu , Hu Xiaoxi , Yi Changfeng , Wu Shuilin , Chu Paul K , Xu Zushun 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPentaerythritol (PT) was converted into four‐arm initiator pentaerythritol tetrakis(2‐chloropropionyl) (PT‐Cl) via reaction with 2‐chloropropionyl chloride. Uniform (monodisperse) star‐polystyrene nanoparticles were prepared by emulsion atom transfer radical polymerization of styrene, using PT‐Cl/CuCl/bpy (bpy is 2,2′‐dipyridyl) as the initiating system. The structures of PT‐Cl and polymer were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. The morphology, size and size distribution of the star‐polystyrene nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and photon correlation spectroscopy. It was found that the average diameters of star‐polystyrene nanoparticles were smaller than 100 nm (30–90 nm) and monodisperse; moreover, the particle size could be controlled by the monomer/initiator ratio and the surfactant concentration. The average hydrodynamic diameter (Dh) of the nanoparticles increased gradually on increasing the ratio of styrene to PT‐Cl and decreased on enhancing the surfactant concentration or increasing the catalyst concentration. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Soil charcoal stability over the Holocene across boreal northeastern North America
Authors: de Lafontaine Guillaume , Asselin Hugo 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe analysis of macroscopic wood charcoal fragments extracted from soils is frequently used as a palaeoecological tool for reconstructing stand-scale forest composition and fire history. Here we explored the putative loss of palaeoecological information due to charcoal degradation through time and in different biogeographical settings. We compared the relationship between charcoal mass and abundance for soil samples from five biogeographical regions of boreal northeastern North America spanning most of the Holocene period. We verified whether charcoal (Ø ≥ 2 mm) conservation differed as a consequence of different taphonomical processes between organic and mineral soil types. We also assessed the mass/abundance relationship as a function of charcoal residence time in soil. Overall, the slope of the regression between charcoal particles mass (g) and abundance (number of particles) was 0.0042. The slope was not significantly different in samples from organic and mineral soil, and all biogeographical regions had similar slope values except one (higher charcoal fragmentation, probably due to high colluvial activity). Charcoal conservation also did not vary according to residence time in soil. This study shows that macroscopic soil charcoal particles resist fragmentation over millennia in different biogeographical settings and under the influence of various taphonomical processes.
Optical guiding in a plasma channel having top-hat refractive index radial profile
Authors: SOHBATZADEH F. , MIRZANEJHAD S. , GHALANDARI M. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn this paper, intense laser pulse guiding through a weakly ionized plasma channel is studied numerically. The radial profile of the channel refractive index is assumed to be top-hat. The propagating intense laser pulses are Gaussian TEM00 and Laguerre–Gaussian LG01 modes. The analysis includes the effects of plasma density inhomogeneity, diffraction, further ionization by the propagating laser pulse and nonlinearity arising from the nonlinear Kerr effect. Matched conditions are obtained for both TEM00 and LG01 laser modes for a top-hat refractive index profile. It is seen that the electron density profile changes the matched condition in the transmission of the laser pulse through the plasma channel. It is also shown that the nonlinear Kerr effect changes the matched condition and becomes the dominant effect in intense laser pulse propagation through the weakly ionized plasma channel.
A Staged Fright: Musical Hybridity and Religious Intolerance in Turkey, 1923–38
Authors: O'CONNELL JOHN MORGAN 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis article is concerned with the relationship between musical style and religious prejudice in Turkey during the early Republican period (1923–38). It focuses on a musical contest in 1932 between a Jewish cantor (hazan) and an Islamic vocalist (hafız) in the presence of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881–1938), the president of the Turkish Republic who instigated revolutionary reforms that affected many aspects of Turkish culture, including music. Historical accounts of this musical contest not only suggest how religious discrimination manifested itself in a competitive setting but also serve to question the parameters of religious tolerance in Turkey, a country often admired for its favourable attitude towards Jews during the twentieth century. The discussion draws on Homi Bhabha's concept of a ‘third space’ to uncover the complex relations that existed in Turkey between Jews and Muslims on the one hand and among Jews on the other. It also invokes Bhabha to show how music can be viewed as a ‘supplementary discourse’ that serves both to unify cultural interests and to perpetuate cultural differences. By challenging the accepted narrative of religious tolerance in historical sources, the article explores through music the characteristics and consequences of racism in the country during a period of growing anti-Semitism both at home and abroad.
Relation of Left Ventricular Mass to QTc in Normotensive Severely Obese Patients
Authors: Mukerji Rita , Terry Boyd E. , Fresen John L. , Petruc Marius , Govindarajan Gurushankar , Alpert Martin A. 
Published: August 2011

Prolongation of the corrected QT interval (QTc) has been described in obese subjects. This study assesses the relation of left ventricular (LV) mass to QTc in normotensive severely obese subjects. Fifty normotensive patients whose BMI was ≥40 kg/m2 (mean age: 38 ± 7 years) were studied. QTc was derived using Bazett's formula. LV mass was calculated using the formula of Devereux et al. and was indexed to height2.7. Mean QTc was 428.8 ± 19.0 ms and was significantly longer in those with than in those without LV hypertrophy (P < 0.01) QTc correlated positively and significantly with BMI (r = 0.392, P < 0.025), LV mass/height2.7 (r = 0.793, P < 0.0005), systolic blood pressure (r = 0.742, P < 0.001), LV end — systolic wall stress (r = 0.746, P < 0.001) and LV internal dimension in diastole (r = 0.788, P < 0.0005). Among five variables tested, LV mass/height2.7 was identified as the sole predictor of QTc by multivariate analysis. In conclusion, LV mass and loading conditions that may affect LV mass are important determinants of QTc in normotensive severely obese subjects.
Immunoglobulin E‐mediated hypersensitivity to amoxicillin: in vivo and in vitro comparative studies between an injectable therapeutic compound and a new commercial compound
Authors: Torres M. J. , Romano A. , Blanca‐Lopez N. , Doña I. , Canto G. , Ariza A. , Aranda A. , Montañez M. I. , Mayorga C. , Blanca M. 
Published: August 2011

Summary
Background Skin testing with amoxicillin (AX) is necessary to diagnose immediate hypersensitivity reactions to this β‐lactam. A commercial AX (DIA‐AX) has recently become available for skin testing.
Objective The aim of this study was to compare DIA‐AX with the injectable form (INJ‐AX) in patients who have well‐demonstrated IgE‐mediated hypersensitivity to AX.
Methods Chemical characterization using high‐performance liquid chromatography of both DIA‐AX and INJ‐AX reagents was performed. Patients diagnosed with an immediate allergic reaction to AX and a positive skin test to INJ‐AX (N=55) were re‐evaluated within 6 months by performing skin testing with INJ‐AX and DIA‐AX. Basophil activation test (BAT) and Radioallergosorbent test (RAST) inhibition assay using both reagents were performed in a selected group of patients.
Results The chemical analysis indicated that both DIA‐AX and INJ‐AX contained an AX compound with a purity above 95%. In the re‐evaluation, 53 (96.4%) cases maintained skin test positivity to INJ‐AX and were also positive to DIA‐AX. Comparison of the papule area between the two reagents showed no significant differences between both reagents. BAT was performed in 30 samples and was positive to both compounds in 15 cases; no patient had a positive result to just one reagent. RAST inhibition studies using three individual cases and a pool of positive sera showed that the percentage inhibition detected with DIA‐AX and INJ‐AX was parallel and almost exactly the same.
Conclusions This study shows that DIA‐AX is equivalent to INJ‐AX in terms of skin test response, as well as with in vitro immunochemical and biological tests. DIA‐AX can therefore be used in the diagnosis of immediate hypersensitivity reactions.
Cite this as: M. J. Torres, A. Romano, N. Blanca‐Lopez, I. Doña, G. Canto, A. Ariza, A. Aranda, M. I. Montañez, C. Mayorga and M. Blanca, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2011 (41) 1595–1601.
An experimental test of the effect of signal size and performance capacity on dominance in the green anole lizard
Authors: Henningsen Justin P. , Irschick Duncan J. 
Published: August 2011

Summary1. Many animals use signals to resolve disputes over resources. Some signals act as reliable indicators of other traits, such as whole‐organism performance or body condition, which may also be important for resolving disputes. Because of the correlations inherent in reliable signals, it is challenging to determine which variables are directly relevant for resolving aggressive interactions.2. We examined the relationships among dewlap size, bite force and condition, all traits that may be important to conflict resolution in male green anole lizards (Anolis carolinensis). Using a large sample of wild‐caught animals, we showed significant positive correlations between dewlap size and maximum bite force capacity, when each trait is corrected for its correlation with body size.3. We tested the relative importance of each trait to the outcome of interactions in a subset of our sample. We staged dominance encounters between size‐matched male green anoles after surgically reducing the dewlap size of one competitor.4. We show that reducing the size of the dewlap does not significantly change the outcome of staged interactions. Rather, males with higher values of bite force capacity were more likely to win fights. We hypothesize that during close‐proximity aggressive interactions, male green anoles use more direct means of assessing one another and that dewlap size functions as a signal of bite force primarily during long‐distance territorial displays. Body condition was correlated with bite force, but did not differ significantly between winners and losers.5. Our results show how an experimental approach can decouple reliable signals from their correlated traits to test which factors influence male contest resolution.