bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The biology and ecology of the liverwortCephaloziella variansin Antarctica
Authors: Newsham K.K. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe biology and ecology ofCephaloziella varians, the most widespread and abundant liverwort in Antarctica, are reviewed. A description of the species is given, together with information on its geographical distribution, reproduction, habitats, associated organisms and responses to environmental stresses. Characteristics of its photosynthetic physiology are also presented, including data on oxygen evolution rates and chlorophyllafluorescence parameters. Substratum and tissue chemistry, water relations and pigments are discussed, along with recent data demonstrating that the dark pigment in the apical leaves ofC. variansis the anthocyanidin riccionidin A. Recent studies showing that the ericoid mycorrhizal symbiontRhizoscyphus ericaeis present in the tissues of the plant at a wide range of locations in the maritime and sub-Antarctic are also described. It is evident, from the literature reviewed, thatC. varianshas several adaptations that enable it to survive in the Antarctic biome, explaining its survival at higher latitudes than any other hepatic. The species’ major adaptations include the synthesis of riccionidin A in apical leaves, enabling efficient heat absorption and protection from photoinhibition, and the presence in stems and rhizoids of fungal hyphae, which are potentially beneficial to the hepatic’s nutrition and possibly also synthesize cryoprotectants.
Vouvoiementandtutoiement:sociolinguistic reflections
Authors: COVENEY AIDAN 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTThis article offers a critical review of research on the T/V (tu/vous) choice in French, and an analysis of this alternation in terms of markedness, variation and change. While there is unique public interest in T/V as a sociolinguistic phenomenon, it is a subject that has paradoxically been under-represented in linguistics and sociolinguistics publications produced in France. Much of the research conducted on the topic has been carried out by scholars based in other countries, and this is characterised by a rich variety of disciplinary approaches. T/V in contemporary French is a non-probabilistic phenomenon and is therefore not a sociolinguistic variable, in the Labovian sense. Considering the various senses of ‘markedness’, discussed by Haspelmath (2006), there is a good case for considering T as the unmarked option, rather than V, as has often been suggested. The long-term historical tendency for French to lose many of its inflections suggests that, at some time in the future, it is quite possible thatvouvoiementwill all but disappear. Yet there is no sign in France at present of a massive and decisive shift away from V.
On the role of the collection principle for Σ⁰₂-formulas in second-order reverse mathematics
Authors: Chong C. , Lempp Steffen , Yang Yue 
Published: November 2009

We show that the principle

P
A
R
T

\mathsf {PART}

from Hirschfeldt and Shore is equivalent to the

Σ
2
0

\Sigma ^0_2

-Bounding principle

B

Σ
2
0

B\Sigma ^0_2

over

R
C
A

0

\mathsf {RCA}_0

, answering one of their open questions.

Furthermore, we also fill a gap in a proof of Cholak, Jockusch and Slaman by showing that

D
2
2

D^2_2

implies

B

Σ
2
0

B\Sigma ^0_2

and is thus indeed equivalent to Stable Ramsey’s Theorem for Pairs (

S
R
T

2
2

\mathsf {SRT}^2_2

). This also allows us to conclude that the combinatorial principles

I
P
T

2
2

\mathsf {IPT}^2_2

,

S
P
T

2
2

\mathsf {SPT}^2_2

and

S
I
P
T

2
2

\mathsf {SIPT}^2_2

defined by Dzhafarov and Hirst all imply

B

Σ
2
0

B\Sigma ^0_2

and thus that

S
P
T

2
2

\mathsf {SPT}^2_2

and

S
I
P
T

2
2

\mathsf {SIPT}^2_2

are both equivalent to

S
R
T

2
2

\mathsf {SRT}^2_2

as well.

Our proof uses the notion of a bi-tame cut, the existence of which we show to be equivalent, over

R
C
A

0

\mathsf {RCA}_0

, to the failure of

B

Σ
2
0

B\Sigma ^0_2

.
Comparison of Minimally Invasive Direct Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery with Implantation of Drug-Eluting Stents in Patients with Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Etienne Pierre Yves , Glineur David , Papadatos Spiridon , Kalscheuer Gregory , Mairy Yves , Boodhwani Munir , Khoury Gebrine El , Noirhomme Philippe , Hanet Claude 
Published: November 2009

Objective Bypass surgery and percutaneous coronary interventions improve the clinical status of patients with left anterior descending coronary artery disease. However, these techniques differ in invasiveness and in the need for subsequent reinterventions. The development of minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB) surgery and of drug-eluting stents (DES) offers perspectives to close this gap. Methods We compared the long-term clinical outcome of 308 patients after revascularization for isolated left anterior descending coronary artery disease. One hundred fifty-four patients were treated with MIDCAB and 154 with percutaneous coronary interventions and DES implantation. Results Both groups were similar in age (63 ± 13 and 62 ± 10 years), Euroscore (3.3 ± 2.8 and 3.4 ± 2.6), and mean duration of follow-up (30 ± 17 and 24 ± 10 months). Two-year survival was similar after MIDCAB and after DES (97.4% and 94.8%). During follow-up, four patients (2.6%) of the MIDCAB group and 21 patients (13.6%) of the DES group needed subsequent revascularization of the target vessel (P = 0.001). Revascularization of a nontarget vessel was needed in 11 patients (7%) of the MIDCAB group and in 17 patients (11%) of the DES group (NS). Neurologic complications included two transient ischemic accidents and two strokes in the MIDCAB group but three fatal cerebral hemorrhages and one stroke in the DES group. Major adverse coronary and cerebrovascular events rates were 14% in the MIDCAB and 31% in the DES group. Conclusions MIDCAB and DES implantation showed similar rates of mortality but a higher reintervention rate after DES. Anticoagulation implications remain critical for the future of DES.
Drugs and dilated cardiomyopathies: a case/noncase study in the French PharmacoVigilance Database
Authors: Montastruc Guillaume , Favreliere Sylvie , Sommet Agnès , Pathak Atul , Lapeyre‐Mestre Maryse , Perault‐Pochat Marie‐Christine , Montastruc Jean‐Louis ,   French Association of Regional PharmacoVigilance Centres
Published: November 2009

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT • Dilated cardiomyopathy is a frequent disease, responsible for 40–50% of cases of heart failure.• Several aetiologies have been reported: idiopathic, familial/genetic, viral and/or immune but also toxic agents (alcohol, cobalt, carbon monoxide, lead, cocaine, mercury or drugs).• Among drugs, anthracyclines are well known to induce such an adverse drug reaction. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS • This study describes an association with already suspected drugs (anthracyclines, antiretrovirals).• It also found a signal with other drugs (antipsychotics, lithium, antidepressants, retinoids).• This pharmacovigilance signal should be confirmed by further prospective studies.AIMS To evaluate putative associations between drugs and dilated cardiomyopathy.METHODS We used the case/noncase method in the French PharmacoVigilance Database (FPVD). Cases were all the observations with dilated cardiomyopathy registered into the FPVD between 1 January 1990 and 30 June 2007. Noncases were all other reports other than those studied. Anthracyclines were used as positive controls. Data were expressed as reporting odds ratio (ROR) with their 95% confidence intervals.RESULTS Out of the 258 729 adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports recorded in the FPVD between 1 January 1990 and 30 June 2007, 47 (22 men, mean age 49 years) were defined as dilated cardiomyopathy. In these 47 patients, 67 drugs were ‘suspect’. A significant ROR was found with cytotoxic (epirubicin, mitoxantrone, cyclophosphamide, gemcitabine, fluorouracil) and antiretroviral (lamividune, zidovudine, abacavir) but also with isotretinoin, prednisone, appetite suppressant (clobenzorex) and psychotropic [antipsychotic (clozapine, olanzapine), lithium, antidepressant (clomipramine, amitriptyline, fluvoxamine)] drugs.CONCLUSIONS The present study describes an association between some drugs and reports of dilated cardiomyopathies. This relationship involves not only some already suspected drugs (anthracyclines, antiretrovirals), but also other drugs (antipsychotics, lithium, antidepressants, retinoids) less known to induce such an ADR. Despite the mandatory limits of this kind of study (underreporting, confounding factors . . .), these data represent a pharmacovigilance signal and could contribute to establish further prospective studies in order to confirm such signals.
Development and validation of a new Prescription Quality Index
Authors: Hassan Norul Badriah , Ismail Hasanah Che , Naing Lin , Conroy Ronán M. , Abdul Rahman Abdul Rashid 
Published: November 2009

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT • Many studies raise serious questions about the prescribing appropriateness and prescription quality. However, there is a lack of a single measure that will capture all facets of prescription quality.• Evaluation of prescriptions was usually based on expert judgement of practitioners.• Definition of prescription quality, reference model, validity and reliability of the measurement tools, and other data such as the number, type and severity of diagnosis of patients were usually insufficient or lacking. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS • The Prescription Quality Index (PQI) was developed with a strong structural foundation and was able to capture the clinical, clerical and legal requirement of a prescription.• Extensive psychometric testing was performed on the PQI and the new tool demonstrated acceptable validity and reliability.• The PQI has been shown to be a valid, reliable and responsive tool to measure quality of prescriptions in chronic diseases.AIMSThe aims were to develop and validate a new Prescription Quality Index (PQI) for the measurement of prescription quality in chronic diseases.METHODSThe PQI were developed and validated based on three separate surveys and one pilot study. Criteria were developed based on literature search, discussions and brainstorming sessions. Validity of the criteria was examined using modified Delphi method. Pre‐testing was performed on 30 patients suffering from chronic diseases. The modified version was then subjected to reviews by pharmacists and clinicians in two separate surveys. The rater‐based PQI with 22 criteria was then piloted in 120 patients with chronic illnesses. Results were analysed using SPSS version 12.0.1RESULTSExploratory principal components analysis revealed multiple factors contributing to prescription quality. Cronbach's α for the entire 22 criteria was 0.60. The average intra‐rater and inter‐rater reliability showed good to moderate stability (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.76 and 0.52, respectively). The PQI was significantly and negatively correlated with age (correlation coefficient −0.34, P < 0.001), number of drugs in prescriptions (correlation coefficient −0.51, P < 0.001) and number of chronic diseases/conditions (correlation coefficient −0.35, P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONSThe PQI is a promising new instrument for measuring prescription quality. It has been shown that the PQI is a valid, reliable and responsive tool to measure quality of prescription in chronic diseases.
Pharmacogenomics: a new paradigm to personalize treatments in nephrology patients
Authors: Zaza G , Granata S , Sallustio F , Grandaliano G , Schena F P 
Published: November 2009

SummaryAlthough notable progress has been made in the therapeutic management of patients with chronic kidney disease in both conservative and renal replacement treatments (dialysis and transplantation), the occurrence of medication-related problems (lack of efficacy, adverse drug reactions) still represents a key clinical issue. Recent evidence suggests that adverse drug reactions are major causes of death and hospital admission in Europe and the United States. The reasons for these conditions are represented by environmental/non-genetic and genetic factors responsible for the great inter-patient variability in drugs metabolism, disposition and therapeutic targets. Over the years several genetic settings have been linked, using pharmacogenetic approaches, to the effects and toxicity of many agents used in clinical nephrology. However, these strategies, analysing single gene or candidate pathways, do not represent the gold standard, being the overall pharmacological effects of medications and not typically monogenic traits. Therefore, to identify multi-genetic influence on drug response, researchers and clinicians from different fields of medicine and pharmacology have started to perform pharmacogenomic studies employing innovative whole genomic high-throughput technologies. However, to date, only few pharmacogenomics reports have been published in nephrology underlying the need to enhance the number of projects and to increase the research budget for this important research field. In the future we would expect that, applying the knowledge about an individual's inherited response to drugs, nephrologists will be able to prescribe medications based on each person's genetic make-up, to monitor carefully the efficacy/toxicity of a given drug and to modify the dosage or number of medications to obtain predefined clinical outcomes.
Number and colour composition of nest lining feathers predict eggshell bacterial community in barn swallow nests: an experimental study
Authors: Peralta‐Sanchez Juan M. , Møller Anders P. , Martin‐Platero Antonio M. , Soler Juan J. 
Published: November 2009

Summary 1. The use of feathers as nest lining material has traditionally been explained by the thermoregulatory properties of feathers. Feather nest lining could additionally affect nest detectability by predators, or play a role in a sexually selected context. Furthermore, feather nest lining harbours microorganisms that may influence environmental conditions where eggs and nestlings develop. 2. Microorganisms growing on nest lining feathers could affect the bacterial load of eggshells because they occupy space and/or produce antimicrobial substances against other bacteria, including egg pathogens. Feathers of different colours are known to differ in their bacterial community (i.e. feather degrading bacteria) and, thus, colour composition of nest lining feather could also affect the bacterial environment of avian nests. 3. Here we tested this hypothesis in the barn shallow (Hirundo rustica) by exploring the relationship between eggshell bacterial loads and number of feathers, and the effect of experimentally modified colour composition of nest lining feathers on eggshell bacterial load. 4. In agreement with the hypothesis we found that, before treatment, the number of nest lining feathers (mainly that of unpigmented‐white colour) predicted eggshell bacterial load, and that, at the end of the incubation period, eggshells of experimental nests with white feathers had a lower bacterial density than those in experimental nests with black feathers. 5. We failed to detect a relationship between bacterial load and hatching success. However, since evidence of that relationship exists for other species, these results would explain the previously detected experimental effect of colour composition of nest lining feathers on hatching success of swallows. 6. Nest design in general, and the use of nest‐lining white feathers in particular, may therefore have important consequences for reproductive success of birds. The reduced eggshell bacterial loads of experimental white nests would explain preferences by barn swallows for feathers of white colour.
Nitrogen deposition induced changes in DOC : NO3‐N ratios determine the efficiency of nitrate removal from freshwaters
Authors: WEYHENMEYER GESA A. , JEPPESEN ERIK 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWith a unique data set comprising 1041 boreal forested and low human impacted lakes included in three Swedish lake inventories for 1995, 2000 and 2005 and with time series for 12 of the lakes from 1988 to 2008 we show that nitrate‐nitrogen (NO3‐N) is accumulated in freshwaters along with increasing atmospheric nitrogen deposition (Ndep). At the same time we observe decreasing DOC : NO3‐N ratios in the water column. We suggest that NO3‐N is accumulated in freshwaters when denitrifying bacteria are limited by their energy source rather than the availability of NO3‐N, i.e. at low DOC : NO3‐N ratios. We obtained further support for a close relationship between Ndep driven DOC : NO3‐N ratios and the efficiency of nitrate removal by using a published global data set on measured nitrate removal rates in unproductive reference streams. Owing to the currently decreasing Ndep in large regions of, for instance, Northern Europe, this process is now reversed, resulting in increasing DOC : NO3‐N ratios and more efficient nitrate removal from freshwaters. Depending on NOx emissions, nitrogen limited regions may expand with an immediate effect on nitrate concentrations in freshwaters.
Tobacco smoking habits among nursing students and the influence of family and peer smoking behaviour
Authors: Biraghi Emanuela , Tortorano Anna Maria 
Published: November 2009

biraghi e. & tortorano a.m. (2010) Tobacco smoking habits among nursing students and the influence of family and peer smoking behaviour. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 66(1), 33–39.AbstractTitle.  Tobacco smoking habits among nursing students and the influence of family and peer smoking behaviour.Aim.  This paper is a report of a study assessing tobacco smoking habits among nursing students and how these are influenced by family members and peers.Background.  Tobacco smoking among nursing students is a serious problem because of the public role model of these future healthcare professionals.Methods.  The smoking attitude of nursing students attending the 3 year full‐time course at the University of Milan in the academic years 2006–2007 and 2007–2008 was investigated. A total of 820 students filled in the self‐administered questionnaire and 812 valid questionnaires were returned. The response rate was 87%.Results.  Forty‐four percent of the 812 students were tobacco smokers and 7% former smokers. Among the smoking students 75% had at least one smoking parent, 47% had at least one smoking brother or sister and 87% saw smoking friends.Conclusion.  There is an urgent need to implement effective anti‐smoking measures among nursing students. Decreasing the number of smokers among healthcare professionals would discourage people from smoking and would increase the credibility of anti‐smoking campaigns.
Healthcare Team Vitality Instrument (HTVI): developing a tool assessing healthcare team functioning
Authors: Upenieks Valda V. , Lee Elizabeth A. , Flanagan Mindy E. , Doebbeling Bradley N. 
Published: November 2009

upenieks v.v., lee e.a., flanagan m.e. & doebbeling b.n. (2010) Healthcare Team Vitality Instrument (HTVI): developing a tool assessing healthcare team functioning. Journal of Advanced Nursing66(1), 168–176.AbstractTitle.  Healthcare Team Vitality Instrument (HTVI): developing a tool assessing healthcare team functioning.Aim.  This paper is a report of a study conducted to refine, shorten and validate the Healthcare Team Vitality Instrument.Background.  The Healthcare Team Vitality Instrument was developed to assess team vitality of nurses as well as other licensed and unlicensed personnel working as part of healthcare teams in inpatient hospital units. This instrument was necessary for two reasons. First, other commonly used instruments assess characteristics of Registered Nurses or perceptions about and characteristics of the organizations in which they work, but not these factors in combination with critical factors of interdisciplinary team functioning and collaboration. Second, a short tool for repeated, regular measurement of team vitality was needed to track the impact of changes to improve work environments.Method.  Revisions to the Healthcare Team Vitality Instrument occurred in two phases. Phase 1 entailed collecting preliminary data and conducting cognitive interviews to refine the initial items. During Phase 2, the factor structure of the Healthcare Team Vitality Instrument was identified and a brief form developed and validated. Data were collected in 2006 and 2007.Findings.  Exploratory factor analyses suggested a four‐factor solution with the following dimensions: (1) support structures, (2) engagement and empowerment, (3) patient care transitions and (4) team communication.Conclusion.  The Healthcare Team Vitality Instrument can contribute both to better management practices and advancing knowledge to promote retention of nurses, and to some extent other healthcare professionals, as well as efforts to transform the acute healthcare work environment.
Segmentation of 3D microtomographic images of granular materials with the stochastic watershed
Authors: FAESSEL M. , JEULIN D. 
Published: November 2009

SummarySegmentation of 3D images of granular materials obtained by microtomography is not an easy task. Because of the conditions of acquisition and the nature of the media, the available images are not exploitable without a reliable method of extraction of the grains. The high connectivity in the medium, the disparity of the object's shape and the presence of image imperfections make classical segmentation methods (using image gradient and watershed constrained by markers) extremely difficult to perform efficiently. In this paper, we propose a non‐parametric method using the stochastic watershed, allowing to estimate a 3D probability map of contours. Procedures allowing to extract final segmentation from this function are then presented.
Phospholipase D and phosphatidic acid signalling in plant response to drought and salinity
Authors: HONG YUEYUN , ZHANG WENHUA , WANG XUEMIN 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTThe activity of phospholipase D (PLD) in plants increases under different hyperosmotic stresses, such as dehydration, drought, and salinity. Recent results begin to shed light onto the involvement of PLD in response to water deficits and salinity. Different PLDs have unique and overlapping functions in these responses. PLDα1 promotes stomatal closure and reduces water loss. PLDα1 and PLDδare involved in seedling tolerance to salt stress. PLDα3 and PLDεenhance plant growth and hyperosmotic tolerance. The different PLDs regulate the production of phosphatidic acid (PA) that is a key class of lipid mediators in plant response to environmental stresses. Further studies on the upstream regulators that activate different PLDs and the downstream effectors of PLDs and PA have the potential to unveil the linkage between the stimulus perception at the cell membrane to intracellular responses to drought and salinity stresses.