bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical and functional properties of composites based on graphite and carboxylated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber
Authors: Yang Jian , Zhang Li‐Qun , Shi Jun‐Hong , Quan Yan‐Nan , Wang Lei‐Lei , Tian Ming 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn this study, carboxylated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (xNBR)/expanded graphite (EG) nanocomposites were prepared with a latex compounding technique by ultrasonic stirring. The dispersion of EG in the xNBR matrix was investigated with transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction analysis. EG could be exfoliated into lots of nanosheets dispersing in the xNBR matrix. More EG loading resulted in the presence of a few incompletely exfoliated agglomerates. The mechanical properties (hardness, tensile modulus, and tensile strength) of the xNBR/EG composites were determined. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis was also performed, and it showed that the nanosheets of EG somewhat immobilized the motion of rubber macromolecular chains and led to the shifting and broadening of the tan δ peak toward higher temperatures. Many other functional properties of EG‐filled xNBR composites were studied, and it was established that the composites had excellent electrical conductivity as well as gas‐barrier and wear properties. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Polyurethane/acrylate hybrids: Effects of the acrylic content and thermal treatment on the polymer properties
Authors: Peruzzo Pablo J. , Anbinder Pablo S. , Pardini Oscar R. , Costa Carlos A. , Leite Carlos A. , Galembeck Fernando , Amalvy Javier I. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPolyurethane (PU)/acrylate hybrids with different acrylic contents (10, 30, 50, 70, and 90 wt %) were prepared by the polymerization of acrylic monomers in the presence of preformed PU chains with polymerizable terminal vinyl groups. Films obtained by the casting of polymer dispersions before and after thermal annealing were characterized by dynamic light scattering, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), TEM electron energy‐loss spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and gel fraction determination. Small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS), wide‐angle X‐ray scattering, mechanical properties testing, atomic force microscopy, water contact angle testing, Buchholz hardness testing, and roughness testing of the films were also performed. The effects of the acrylic content and thermal treatment on the structure and properties were determined. TEM showed that a core–shell morphology was formed during polymerization. When the acrylic content increased, smaller particles without core–shell morphologies were observed. TEM energy‐loss spectroscopy studies confirmed this observation. Systems with up to 50 wt % acrylic component were homogeneous, as determined by SAXS, before and after thermal annealing. An attempt to incorporate a higher amount of acrylic component led to phase‐separated materials with a different morphology and, therefore, different properties. The relationship between the acrylic content and properties did not follow linear behavior. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Characteristic rheological features of high concentration PVA solutions in water with different degrees of polymerization
Authors: Gao Hanwen , He Jiyu , Yang Rongjie , Yang Lei 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis work aims to study the impact of the degree of polymerization (Pn) on the rheological behavior of PVA solutions (15 wt %) under steady and oscillatory shear conditions. The values of Pn range from 1300 to 2400. The results show that PVA‐13 solution exhibits almost Newtonian flow behavior, whereas high Pn PVA solutions exhibit shear thinning behavior, for which the complex viscosity increases with Pn. However, the shear viscosity of PVA‐24 is lower than that of PVA‐20 at low shear rate (<1 s−1). In addition, the storage modulus of PVA solutions increases with increasing degree of polymerization from 1300 to 2000. There is a sharp increase at degrees of polymerization higher than 1300. However, the storage modulus of PVA‐24 is lower than that of PVA‐17 and PVA‐20 at low shear rate (<1 rad/s). The viscoelastic exponent of the PVA solutions shows a minimum value at degree of polymerization 2000. Thixotropy is detected by a hysteresis loop of the flow curves. The creep response of PVA solutions has also been investigated, with PVA‐24 showing negligible compliance recovery. These facts indicate that increasing Pn produces a corresponding effect in varying the molecular structure and types of hydrogen bonding, including intra‐ and inter‐chain, and polymer–water hydrogen bonding. Rheological parameters (G′, n, tanδ, J, and so on) can be used to evaluate the change in the molecular structure and type of hydrogen bonding. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Relaxation behavior of conductive carbon black reinforced chlorosulfonated polyethylene composites
Authors: Nanda M. , Tripathy D. K. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractDynamic mechanical analysis and dielectric relaxation spectra of conductive carbon black reinforced chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSM) composites were used to study their relaxation behavior as a function of temperature and frequency, respectively. A marginal increase in glass transition temperature has been observed upto 30 phr carbon black filled polymer composite, beyond which it decreases, which has been explained on the basis of aggregation of filler particles in the polymer matrix. The strain dependent dynamical parameters were evaluated at dynamic strain amplitudes of 0.1–200%. The nonlinearity in storage modulus increases with increase in filler loading. It can be explained on the basis of filler–polymer interaction and aggregation of the filler particulates. The frequency dependent dynamical mechanical analysis has also been studied at frequency range of 0.1–100 Hz. The variation in real and complex part of impedance with frequency has been studied as a function of filler loading. The effect of filler loading on ac conductivity has been observed as a function of frequency. An increase in conductivity value has been observed with increase in filler loading. This can be explained on the basis of formation of conducting paths between filler particulates. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Indolylthiadiazinoazetidinones and Indolylthiadiazinothiazolidinones as Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Kumar Vikas , Sharma Suneel Kumar , Singh Sheoraj , Kumar Ashok , Sharma Shalabh 
Published: January 2010

AbstractSome new 5‐methoxy/ethoxy‐2,3‐[2′‐(3′′‐chloro‐2′′‐oxo‐4′′‐substituted‐aryl‐1′′‐azetidinyl)‐1′,3′,4′‐thiadiazino]indoles 13–20 and 5‐methoxy/ethoxy‐2,3‐[2′‐(2′′‐substituted‐aryl‐4′′‐oxo‐1′′,3′′‐thiazolidin‐3′′‐yl)‐1′,3′,4′‐thiadiazino]indoles 21–28 have been synthesized from 5‐methoxy/ethoxy‐2,3‐[2′‐(substituted‐benzylidinylimino)‐1′,3′,4′‐thiadiazino]indoles 5–12. These newly synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental and spectral analysis. Further, compounds 5–28 of the present series have been screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activities. Both minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and inhibition zones were determined in order to monitor the efficacy of the synthesized compounds. Compounds 14 and 16 were found to be the most potent members of the present series, they showed maximal antibacterial and antifungal properties much better than the standard drugs.
An empirical analysis of engineers' information behaviors
Authors: Robinson Mark A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe importance of the acquisition and provision of information within knowledge work such as engineering is widely acknowledged. This article reports an extensive empirical study of such information behaviors in engineers, using a novel and effective work sampling method. Seventy‐eight design engineers each carried a portable handheld computer (PDA) for 20 working days. Once every hour, they were prompted to enter data concerning the task they were currently performing, including the information behaviors in which they were engaging. The resultant data represent a comprehensive picture of engineers' information behaviors and the percentage of their working time for which each of these behaviors accounts (55.75% in total). Specific hypotheses concerning the time spent engaged in these behaviors were also tested. Accordingly, it was found that participants spent substantially more time receiving information they had not requested than information they had, and this pattern was also reflected when they provided others with information. Furthermore, although there was no difference found between the time participants spent searching for information from other people compared with nonhuman sources, in the former case they spent relatively less time locating the information source and information within that source, and relatively more time engaged in problem solving and decision making. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for theory and organizational practice.
The modifying effects of green tea polyphenols on acute colitis and inflammation‐associated colon carcinogenesis in male ICR mice
Authors: Kim Mihye , Murakami Akira , Miyamoto Shingo , Tanaka Takuji , Ohigashi Hajime 
Published: January 2010

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated as mediators of intestinal inflammation and carcinogenesis. Although green tea polyphenols (GTP) have anticancer property as antioxidants they also generate ROS in vitro. In this study, we investigated the modifying effects of GTP on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced acute colitis and on 1,2‐dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and DSS‐induced colon carcinogenesis in male ICR mice. At sacrifice after 6 days, the colon shortening induced by 2% DSS was unchanged by 0.1% and 0.25% GTP, but increased by 0.5% and 1% GTP‐containing diet. The expression of interleukin‐1β and macrophage‐migration inhibitory factor in the DSS + 0.1% GTP group were lower than the DSS alone group, whereas the expression levels were increased in the DSS + 0.5% GTP and DSS + 1% GTP groups when compared with the DSS alone group. In a subsequent experiment to determine the effects of 0.01–1% GTP on inflammation‐associated colon carcinogenesis induced by DMH/DSS, 0.5 and 1% doses of GTP failed to prevent the development of multiple colon tumors, rather, they tended to increase it. Our results thus indicate that the modifying effects of GTP on DSS‐induced acute colitis and DMH/DSS‐induced colon carcinogenesis depends upon its dosage and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines.
Present trends in vitamin E research
Authors: Galli Francesco , Azzi Angelo 
Published: January 2010

AbstractNearly after one century of research and thousands of publications, the physiological function(s) of vitamin E remain unclear. Available evidence suggests a role in cell homeostasis that occurs through the modulation of specific signaling pathways and genes involved in proliferative, metabolic, inflammatory, and antioxidant pathways. Vitamin E presence in the human body is under close metabolic control so that only α‐tocopherol and, to a lower extent, γ‐tocopherol are retained and delivered to tissues. Other vitamin E forms that are not retained in the body in significant amounts, exhibit responses in vitro that are different form those of α‐tocopherol and may include tumor cell specific toxicity and apoptosis. These responses provide a therapeutic potential for these minor forms, either as such or metabolically modified, to produce bioactive metabolites. These cellular effects go beyond the properties of lipophilic antioxidant attributed to α‐tocopherol particularly investigated for its alleged protective role in atherosclerosis or other oxidative stress conditions. Understanding signaling and gene expression effects of vitamin E could help assign a physiological role to this vitamin, which will be discussed in this review. Besides vitamin E signaling, attention will be given to tocotrienols as one of the emerging topics in vitamin E research and a critical re‐examination of the most recent clinical trials will be provided together with the potential use of vitamin E in disease prevention and therapy.
Garlic‐derived anticancer agents: Structure and biological activity of ajoene
Authors: Kaschula Catherine H. , Hunter Roger , Parker M. Iqbal 
Published: January 2010

AbstractGarlic has been used throughout the centuries to treat infections, heart disease, and cancer. Ajoene is one of the main compounds formed from heating crushed garlic as a mixture of E‐ and Z‐isomers (E‐ and Z‐4,5,9‐trithiadodeca‐1,6,11‐triene 9‐oxide). Ajoene possesses a broad spectrum of biological activities that include anticancer activity. It's cytotoxicity towards cancer cells is postulated to occur via an apoptotic mechanism involving activation of the mitochondrial‐dependent caspase cascade. Structure‐activity studies on ajoene and ajoene analogues have revealed that the Z‐isomer is moderately more active than the E‐isomer at inhibiting in vitro tumor cell growth, suggesting that specific protein interactions may be important. Substitution of the terminal end allyl groups in ajoene for alkyl, aromatic, or heteroaromatic groups produces some analogs with superior in vitro anticancer activity to ajoene, opening up the way to developing ajoene‐based anticancer agents.
Biosynthesis of metal and oxide nanoparticles using Lactobacilli from yoghurt and probiotic spore tablets
Authors: Jha Anal K. , Prasad K. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractGreen, low‐cost, and reproducible Lactobacillus‐mediated biosynthesis of metal and oxide nanoparticles are reported. Silver and titanium dioxide nanoparticles are synthesized using Lactobacillus sp. procured from yoghurt and probiotic tablets. The synthesis is performed akin to room temperature in the laboratory ambience. X‐ray and transmission electron microscopy analyses are performed to ascertain the formation of metallic and oxide nanoparticles. Individual nanoparticles having the dimensions of 10–25 nm (n‐Ag) and 10–70 nm (n‐TiO2) are found. The mechanism involved for the synthesis of metallic and oxide nanoparticles has also been discussed.
Executive perceptions of adopting an environmental certification program
Authors: Michael Judd H. , Echols Ann E. , Bukowski Steve 
Published: January 2010

AbstractEnvironmental certification is playing an increasingly important role in the strategies of many businesses. This is due in large part to consumer demand for environmentally friendly products. Little is known, however, about why executives adopt environmental certification for a product or process, or how they view the benefits and challenges of certification. This paper seeks to advance our knowledge in this area by exploring executives' perceptions of benefits and challenges associated with adopting an environmental certification program. We surveyed executives in the kitchen cabinet industry about a second party certification scheme initiated for producers in that industry. Results suggest that perceptions of the benefits and challenges of environmental certification differ significantly based on whether the company had or had not adopted the certification scheme in question. The paper considers the implications for companies considering adopting environmental certification as well as for organizations providing certification schemes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Laparoscopic pelvic anatomy of nerve‐sparing radical hysterectomy
Authors: Park Nae Yoon , Cho Young Lae , Park Il Soo , Lee Yoon Soon 
Published: January 2010

AbstractMany reports regarding nerve‐sparing radical hysterectomy have been published. However, most reports have been based on systematic descriptions via laparotomy or cadaver dissection. The aim of this work was to describe the pelvic anatomy of nerve‐sparing radical hysterectomy via laparoscopy, with specific focus on the inferior hypogastric plexus. This study is based on 125 patients with FIGO stage IB cervical cancer who had undergone laparoscopic nerve‐sparing radical hysterectomies since 1999. The inferior hypogastric plexus was demonstrated via laparoscopy and was comprised of afferent fibers from the sacral root (S2, S3, and S4), sacral sympathetic ganglion, and hypogastric nerve, and efferent fibers forming its vesical, uterovaginal, and rectal branches. During the dissection of the posterior leaf of the vesicouterine ligament, various vesical veins were identified. If the cut edge of an inferior vesical vein was pulled medially with upward traction, the vesical branches of the inferior hypogastric plexus were exposed and these were divided into medial and lateral branches. The magnified view of laparoscopy made it possible to dissect nerves and vessels meticulously and to secure a clear resection margin during the dissection of the deep part of the cardinal ligament, uterosacral ligament, and posterior leaf of the vesicouterine ligament. Clin. Anat. 23:186–191, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Room‐Temperature Alkane Reactivity in Zeolites: An H/D Exchange Study
Authors: Sido Abdelkarim Sani Souna , Walspurger Stéphane , Barbiche Jérémy , Sommer Jean 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAs evidenced by H/D exchange with acidic zeolites, isoalkanes react readily at room temperature whereas linear alkanes do not. The observed regioselectivity of the exchange process demonstrates that the main factor controlling the reaction is not the accessibility to the acid sites, but the intrinsic reactivity of the alkane. The mechanism is best rationalized by classic organic chemistry involving carbocationic intermediates including the Markovnikov rule.
Kombination von Biokatalyse und Kristallisation zur Darstellung enantiomerenreiner Mandelsäurederivate
Authors: Seidel‐Morgenstern A. , von Langermann J. , Tam L. M. , Lorenz H. , Seidel‐Morgenstern A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractDie biokatalytische Synthese enantiomerenreiner Cyanhydrine mittels Hydroxynitrillyasen erfolgt nur in wenigen Ausnahmen mit den benötigten Enantioselektivitäten von mehr als 99 %. Dementsprechend müssen für die nur enantiomerenangereicherten Cyanhydrine bzw. deren Folgeprodukte andere Aufreinigungsverfahren angewendet werden. Als äußerst leistungsfähiges Verfahren bietet sich an dieser Stelle die enantioselektive Kristallisation an, deren Kombination mit der Synthese der Derivate der Mandelsäure großes Potenzial besitzt.
Proposed adjustments to pathologic staging of epithelial malignant pleural mesothelioma based on analysis of 354 cases
Authors: Richards William G. , Godleski John J. , Yeap Beow Y. , Corson Joseph M. , Chirieac Lucian R. , Zellos Lambros , Mujoomdar Aneil , Jaklitsch Michael T. , Bueno Raphael , Sugarbaker David J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Several pathologic staging systems for malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) have been published, but none of them provide optimal survival stratification or stage distribution among patients treated with surgery. Interpretation of prior studies that correlate pathologic factors with outcome has been confounded by the inclusion of patients undergoing differing surgical procedures and with varied tumor histology.METHODS:We examined pathologic characteristics, previously included in published studies, and explored correlations with outcome among patients with epithelioid MPM who underwent extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP) at Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH). Comparisons of survival among patients with and without each tumor or lymph node feature guided adjustments to the American Joint Commission on Cancer (AJCC)/International Union Against Cancer (UICC) classification criteria. Proportional hazards modeling of TN combinations guided adjustments to stage groupings.RESULTS:Three hundred fifty‐four patients were resectable by EPP and had complete pathologic data. Overall median survival was 18 months from surgery. By AJCC/UICC criteria, 233 (66%) patients were stage III, whereas by BWH criteria, 194 (55%) patients were stage III. T classification criteria were adjusted based on prevalence and relation to survival. N status correlated significantly with survival. Regrouping of TN combinations based on relative hazard and Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis resulted in improved stage distribution (stage I‐IV: 8%, 43%, 33%, 16%, respectively) and survival stratification (51, 26, 15, 8 months, respectively).CONCLUSIONS:Proposed adjustments to TNM staging criteria improved outcome stratification of patients with epithelial tumor histology who received surgical therapy by EPP and complete pathologic assessment. Determining relevance to other treatment or staging modalities will require verification in additional cohorts. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Phase 2 study of intrathecal, long‐acting liposomal cytarabine in the prophylaxis of lymphomatous meningitis in human immunodeficiency virus‐related non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Spina Michele , Chimienti Emanuela , Martellotta Ferdinando , Vaccher Emanuela , Berretta Massimiliano , Zanet Ernesto , Lleshi Arben , Canzonieri Vincenzo , Bulian Pietro , Tirelli Umberto 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Patients with aggressive non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) develop central nervous system (CNS) progression or recurrence during the course of their disease. Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐NHL often develop CNS progression despite the use of prophylaxis. Liposomal cytarabine (DepoCyte) has shown activity in lymphomatous meningitis, but there are limited data for prophylaxis.METHODS:Between May 2006 and December 2008, a phase 2 study of intrathecal liposomal cytarabine was performed at the dose of 50 mg in 30 patients with HIV‐NHL, with the aim of evaluating feasibility and activity for prophylaxis.RESULTS:Liposomal cytarabine was well tolerated, with headache grade I to III being the most frequent side effect in 40% of patients. With a median follow‐up of 10.5 months, only 1 (3%) patient developed a combined systemic and meningeal recurrence. The use of liposomal cytarabine allowed significant reduction of the number of lumbar injections in comparison to the standard schedules (around 50%), improving the quality of life of patients and reducing the professional exposure risk.CONCLUSIONS:In this first study on prophylaxis of lymphomatous meningitis in HIV‐NHL, liposomal cytarabine seems safe and active; it reduces by approximately 50% the number of lumbar punctures, and exposure risk for health staff as well. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.