bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deployment and Testing of HMPE Rope for Long-Term Moorings
Authors: Pasternak Jason , Fronzaglia Bill , Garrity Robert , Gilmore Justin , Heyl Caspar 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The objective of this study and paper is to gain a better understanding of long term HMPE mooring rope performance for permanent facility mooring applications. The study specifically applies to HMPE rope used to moor an FPSO for a duration of 7 years. The HMPE rope was in and on the seabed, connecting the mooring line to the anchor, in this application for long term mooring.
The temporary Serpentina FPSO moorings (2013 - 2019) included an HMPE mooring rope in each of the 9 mooring lines. All ~350 ft length ropes were located at and under the mudline as forerunners to a drop-embedded anchor. The mooring lines were recovered in 2019 and stored quayside in Louisiana until being cut into samples and tested for this project. The HMPE (Dyneema® SK78 fiber) mooring rope underwent the following tests: Full scale MBL testsDissection & visual / MicroCT inspectionFiber testing (comparing used fibers with new fibers, including residual creep testing (ARELIS))
All results indicate that the ropes are suitable for long term use. Two full scale rope MBL tests were performed that indicated the residual rope strength was over the rated average break strength. Inspections indicated an absence of foreign particles within the rope. Fiber testing indicated a sufficient residual creep life for continued deployment in excess of the lives of most LTM systems.
No long-term deployment of HMPE fiber ropes in/on the seabed mooring a permanent facility with subsequent testing has been documented in industry to the knowledge of the authors. The results from this study indicate new potential for mooring components that are not subject to corrosion and allow for enabling anchor technologies to be used in permanent facility, offshore wind/renewables, and other mooring system applications.
Wireless Tubing Hanger Deployment in Deepwater Environment, the Bonga Field Experience
Authors: Ngerebara J. , Alawode O. , Hamzat I. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The deployment of Tubing Hangers (TH) in offshore subsea wells is a critical aspect of oil and gas production systems. The Tubing Hanger is a key component in well completion, allowing for the suspension of tubing, communication of hydraulic and electric functions downhole, and sealing the annulus. The installation and retrieval of the Tubing Hanger are typically carried out using a tubular riser within the marine riser and Blow Out Preventer (BOP). The Tubing Hanger Running Assembly (THRA) plays a crucial role in this process, consisting of a Simplified Landing String (SLS) or BOP Spanner Joint and a Tubing Hanger Running/Retrieval Tool (THRT). Traditionally, the control of the THRT and associated downhole functions has been facilitated through a heavy-duty umbilical or Electro-Hydraulic (EH) umbilical, manually clamped to the drill pipe during deployment. However, this setup comes with challenges and requires significant investment in equipment, including an EH Reel with umbilical, a Work Over Control Unit (WCU) or Workover Control System (WOCS), and considerable rig real-estate with multiple resources for operation. The challenges associated with the traditional deployment of the EH umbilical include the need for parallel activities during umbilical handling and clamping to the drill pipe. These activities must be carefully managed to ensure the safety and efficiency of the operation. The large investment in equipment and the complexity of the deployment process highlights the importance of exploring alternative technologies. The paper introduces a new technology that eliminates the need for the EH reel and WCU in the overall setup. This alternative approach aims to address the challenges associated with the traditional deployment of the EH umbilical. However, it's essential to note that, at the time of writing the paper, this new technology had not been deployed in Bonga field, Nigeria. The importance of this paper lies in providing an overview of the specific challenges associated with traditional EH umbilical deployment and introducing a potential solution with the new technology. It serves as a foundation for understanding the limitations of the existing setup and the potential benefits of adopting an alternative approach. The successful implementation of this new technology could potentially streamline operations, reduce costs, and enhance the overall efficiency of Tubing Hanger installation and retrieval in offshore subsea wells.
Industrial Cybersecurity, Process Safety and Human Factors: A Comprehensive 360-Degree Approach
Authors: Vieira P. F. , Hilgert L. P. , Majerowicz I. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
With Industry 4.0 bringing new digital technologies that add significant value to the Oil and Gas business, such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), cloud computing, remote monitoring and control, and Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), it becomes necessary to revisit the Automation Architecture of the industrial chemical plants to ensure that cybersecurity vulnerabilities in the system are not created that could potentially compromise personal, property, environmental safety and operational availability. To this end, it is essential to have an integrated safety-security vision developed, implemented, and properly monitored.
This article presents an integrated view of three key areas of knowledge that are typically addressed individually: cybersecurity, process safety, and human factors – from the perspective of cybersecurity. It maps the processes at the two cybersecurity interfaces and dives into the IT and OT dimensions during the phases of a project: engineering design, procurement, construction & assembly, commissioning and operation. Finally, it proposes a strategy for implementing this approach in the oil and gas industry and suggests a roadmap to make it practical and useful in the industry.
Anchor Project: Development Planning Approach for Drilling, Completion, and Intervention on 20K Wells
Authors: Stamper S. , Chase T. , Lanceslin D. , Ugah I. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The Anchor development plan consists of seven wells tied back to the floating production unit (FPU) from two drill centers. The Wilcox reservoir is at depths of 30,000 - 34,000 ft. true vertical depth (TVD) with initial bottom hole pressure from 23,000 - 27,000 psi. This paper will outline how the Anchor project prepared for a development well campaign using both a 15,000 (15k) psi drillship and new build 20,000 (20k) psi drillship and the approach to develop and lock down the well design early to enable development drilling.
During early project planning, the wells team prepared detailed statement of requirements (SORs) to enable contractors to provide engineered equipment solutions to enable drilling of these deep high-pressure wells at the edge of the subsea extended reach envelope. This early phase work provided the lead time for contractors to qualify and develop new equipment that could be manufactured in time to enable a pre-drill campaign with a 15k drillship as well as prepare for the 20K subsea completion execution.
An early focus on drilling equipment selection and qualification per the Bureau of Safety and Environmental (BSEE) high pressure, high temperature (HPHT) requirements allowed for the equipment to be manufactured and delivered in time to intersect a pre-drill opportunity on an existing 15k drillship in the fleet. This enabled the first two Anchor development wells to be drilled with the 15k psi drillship ahead of the delivery of the 20k psi drillship and FPU. With the arrival of the 20k psi Deepwater Titan drillship, the Anchor Completion and Subsea Well Intervention team enabled the execution of Chevron’s first 20K completion.
Numerous serial number one components were installed in the drilling of the first Anchor development well, and even more will be installed in its completion. The development and qualification of this new 20K wells technology has pushed both Chevron and the industry to new frontiers that were once unreachable and will enable additional 20K projects in the future.
For clarity, the following terms are used throughout this paper. High Pressure High Temperature (HPHT) refers to equipment rated to pressures greater than 15,000 psi and/or temperatures equal to or greater than 350°F. Anchor is a high pressure project under the HPHT category. 20K refers to the Anchor project’s technology development and qualification program.
Marlim and Voador Fields Revitalization Project
Authors: Paula M. T. , Lage D. H. M. , dos Santos A. B. , Pedrosa C. A. , da Silva G. B. , da Fonseca L. H. , Cordeiro M. G. R. , da Costa T. C. , Pereira R. M. A. , Miranda T. A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to present an overview of Marlim and Voador Fields Revitalization Project, highlighting features and main achievements so far in the context of Campos Basin redevelopment. It presents a case study of Marlim and Voador Fields Revitalization Project, which includes two mature fields that were discovered in the 80's, in the east portion of Campos Basin offshore Brazil, located on the north coast of Rio de Janeiro State, around 110 km off Cape São Tomé. The start of oil production and water injection occurred in the 90's. On these fields there are several reservoirs of different lithologies and geologic ages, including post-salt sandstones and pre-salt carbonate. The main purpose of Marlim and Voador fields revitalization is to renew the production systems by means of decommissioning 9 existing platforms and install two new FPSO. Therefore, it is expected to achieve the following goals: to extend fields’ productive life from 2025 to 2048, to reduce production and operating costs, to comply with HSE current regulations, to reduce carbon footprint and to increase recovery factor by 10%. The scope of the revitalization project involves installation of two new chartered FPSO, with 150,000 bpd of oil production total maximum capacity, producing a total of 72 post-salt and 3 pre-salt wells, including 61 re-used and 14 new wells. It includes, also, installation of new subsea facilities encompassing around 660 km of flexible production lines, 15 subsea manifolds and two new gas export pipelines. The first oil production of the project was in 2023, at first with FPSO Anna Nery, and then with FPSO Anita Garibaldi. It is expected to reach the oil production peak of 150,000 bpd, in 2026, when both FPSO will be producing at their plateau maximum capacity. As the first large revitalization project in Brazil, it faced several challenges and it is considered as a pioneer in many areas, what will help future mature fields’ project development.
Geological and Geotechnical Considerations Offshore Wind Infrastructure within the US Gulf of Mexico OCS
Authors: Gudmunson E. K. , Boutte C. J. , Fisher J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRecently, the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) designated wind energy areas (WEAs) within the Gulf of Mexico, including six areas on East Texas and West Louisiana shelves. The objective of this study is to expand upon a previously completed BOEM-funded desktop study and focus on the geological and geotechnical conditions and the engineering constraints for the existing Gulf of Mexico WEAs.This study focused on compiling public domain geophysical and geotechnical data to evaluate the seafloor and near-seafloor geological and geotechnical conditions relevant to offshore wind within the Texas and Louisiana Gulf of Mexico shelf in areas designated by BOEM as suitable for offshore wind development. Data available from published scientific literature and offshore projects were integrated and evaluated using Geographical Information System (GIS) and seismic interpretation software to identify and map geohazards, seabed and subsurface conditions, and key stratigraphic geotechnical units. Given the data publicly available, investigation for this study is focused primarily on WEAs within the Bay City OCS block of East Texas and the Port Authur OCS block of West Louisiana.General sediment and subsurface structure vary between the East Texas and West Louisiana portions of the study area. The shallow strata associated with these areas reflect different fluvial and deltaic systems during the most recent glacioeustatic cycle. Both areas contain a thick unit of Pleistocene clay ≥ 65 m thick with interbedded sand units of variable thickness, but often &gt; 20 m. In general, the Texas and Louisiana shelf has been subjected to heavy fluvial incision and deltaic progradation since the last glacial maximum. Based on these and other conditions, the suitability of various foundation concepts are assessed and discussed.
IL-12 Mediates T-bet–Expressing Myeloid Cell–Dependent Host Resistance against Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Schanz Madison L , Bitters Abigail M , Zadeii Kamryn E , Joulani Dana , Chamberlain Angela K , López-Yglesias Américo H 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
To defend against intracellular pathogens such as Toxoplasma gondii, the host generates a robust type 1 immune response. Specifically, host defense against T. gondii is defined by an IL-12–dependent IFN-γ response that is critical for host resistance. Previously, we demonstrated that host resistance is mediated by T-bet–dependent ILC-derived IFN-γ by maintaining IRF8+ conventional type 1 dendritic cells during parasitic infection. Therefore, we hypothesized that innate lymphoid cells are indispensable for host survival. Surprisingly, we observed that T-bet–deficient mice succumb to infection quicker than do mice lacking lymphocytes, suggesting an unknown T-bet-dependent–mediated host defense pathway. Analysis of parasite-mediated inflammatory myeloid cells revealed a novel subpopulation of T-bet+ myeloid cells (TMCs). Our results reveal that TMCs have the largest intracellular parasite burden compared with other professional phagocytes, suggesting they are associated with active killing of T. gondii. Mechanistically, we established that IL-12 is necessary for the induction of inflammatory TMCs during infection and these cells are linked to a role in host survival.
Antivirals and monoclonal antibody combination therapy in haematological patients in the omicron era
Authors: Vita Serena , Giombini Emanuela , De Marco Patrizia , Rueca Martina , Gruber Cesare Ernesto Maria , Beccacece Alessia , Scorzolini Laura , Mazzotta Valentina , Pinnetti Carmen , Caputi Priscilla , Focosi Daniele , Girardi Enrico , Antinori Andrea , Maggi Fabrizio , D'Abramo Alessandra , Nicastri Emanuele , Spallanzani COVID-19 case Investigation Team 
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Im We describe here a single-center case series of 27 IC COVID-19 inpatients (mostly with haematological disorders) treated with a combined therapy based on tixagevimab/cilgavimab (T/C) plus small-molecule antivirals (AV), between April 1 2022 and November 30 2022.
Keywords: immunocompromised; SARS-CoV-2 infection; monoclonal antibodies; antivirals; persistent infection; viral evolution
Patterns and Reasons for Junk Food Consumption among Young Adults: A Mixed Methods Study from a Medical College in South India
Authors: Naik Poonam Ramesh , Vineetha S. , Navya Nagendra 
Published: April 2024

Background and Aim:
Food item that has little nutritive value, high fat, and sugar content with little to no fiber content is labeled as junk food. The objective of the study is to assess the patterns of consumption of junk food among young adults and to explore the reasons for junk food consumption among young adults.

Materials and Methods:
Mixed method study consisting of quantitative phase involving interviews with 116 students from a Medical College using a semi-structured, validated questionnaire circulated through Google Forms followed by an depth interview of 10 participants for qualitative phase.

Results:
In the study, it was observed that (62.2%) eat junk food during snack time. Students staying with friends (35.3%) consumed more junk food compared to the ones staying with family (13.8%). The most common reasons for junk food consumption were its good taste (77.6%) and (68.1%) convenience. It is observed that maximum consumption of junk food is seen when meeting their friends (70.7%) and on special occasions (61.2%). French fries (69.8%) were the most common junk food consumed although (76.7%) felt that junk food is unhealthy. The qualitative interview also supported the findings that the most common reasons for junk food consumption were craving, inexpensive, taste, and poor taste of hostel food.

Conclusion:
The above study concluded that majority of the students consumed junk food when staying with friends and due to its good taste and convenience and to spend quality time with their family and on special occasions. Participants were aware that junk food is unhealthy but consume it because it is delicious while being pocket friendly.
To Assess Caregiver Burden of Patients with Dementia: Its Sociodemographic and Clinical Correlates
Authors: Raghuwanshi Vijay , Rastogi Pali , Niranjan Vijay , Maravi Prashant , Pal Virendra S. 
Published: April 2024

Background and Aim:
To assess the primary caregiver burden in the patients of dementia. Dementia is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder that refers to a disease process marked by progressive cognitive impairment in clear consciousness. The morbidities associated with dementia accounts for the poor quality of life. Equally affected are caregivers of these patients. The study aims to assess the caregiver burden (CGB) and how the care of these patients affect them. This further includes sociodemographic and clinical features of the caregivers.

Materials and Methods:
The cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2021 to May 2022 in the Department of Psychiatry, MGM medical college, Indore (M.P.) after approval from the institutional ethical committee. The study included 60 patients and 60 caregivers attending Psychiatry outpatient department (OPD). They were assessed using a semi-structured proforma consisting of socio-demographic and clinical variables. Clinical rating scale i.e., burden assessment schedule (BAS) was applied for caregivers and dementia severity rating scale (DSRS) for the patients. Pearson's and Spearman's correlation coefficient was applied with P-value < 0.05 considered as significant.

Result:
The study finds that the mean age of the caregiver is 55.6 ± 10.01 years and that of patient is 69.81± 0.71 years. The mean BAS score is 68.3 ± 11.77. A negative correlation is established between BAS and income of the caregiver and is statistically significant (P < .001), while a positive correlation between BAS and age, number of hospitalization, total duration of illness, and the mean of time spent with the patient during the day and is statistically significant (P < .001). Factors like low income, advancing age, and time spent with the patients in the caregivers had affected the BAS score, and the score was found to be raised. Factors related to the patients affecting the BAS score was total duration of illness and number of hospitalization. Both factors played a key role in the addressed the overall care burden among the caregivers.

Conclusion:
Factors such as low income, advancing age, and time spent with the patients in the caregivers had affected the BAS score, and the score was found to be raised. Factors related to the patients affecting the BAS score was the total duration of illness and number of hospitalization. Both factors played a key role in the addressed the overall care burden among the caregivers.
Out-of-pocket expenditure for antenatal care among women in a tertiary care hospital - A cross-sectional study
Authors: Gupta Sunanda , Lukhmana Shveta , Dhandapani Ghurumourthy , Khokhar Anita , Marwah Sheeba 
Published: April 2024

Background:
The government of India has promoted several initiatives to provide support to all women during their pregnancy. Despite this, various studies report out-of-pocket expenditures (OOPEs) amongst antenatal women nationwide.

Aims:
We wanted to assess OOPE amongst antenatal women attending the outdoor patients’ department in a tertiary care hospital in Delhi.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted in 405 antenatal women attending the outdoor patients’ Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi. During outpatient department hours, data were collected through purposive sampling in September 2022 using a self-developed, pre-tested interview schedule.

Results:
Median OOPE during the antenatal period was 5000 (interquartile range: 2350–9003) INR. The highest median cost for OOPE was reported for laboratory investigations, followed by the purchase of medicine(s) and consultation charges (at private facilities). Ninety-six per cent of the participants met OOPEs via salary, wage or pension.

Conclusions:
Our study reported OOPE amongst antenatal women visiting the outdoor patients’ Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of a tertiary care hospital. A substantial majority of participants were meeting their OOPE through salary, wage or pension. These findings underscore the financial burden faced by individuals during the antenatal period, particularly in accessing essential healthcare services.
Pancreaticoduodenectomy with multivisceral resection: Is it worthwhile? A 10-year experience at a tertiary care centre
Authors: Bhavsar Ruchir , Ray Samrat , Yadav Amitabh , Das Sri Aurobindo Prasad , Mehta Naimish N. , Nundy Samiran 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Patients with pancreatic cancer only have a chance of a cure through a curative resection. However, this is not performed in most patients because the tumour is widespread, multivisceral involvement is thought to be incurable, or the procedure is too risky.

Aims:
To evaluate the outcomes of pancreaticoduodenectomy with and without multi-visceral resections in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer, specifically examining short-term outcomes and long-term survival rates. The study seeks to determine if patients who undergo more extensive surgery involving adjacent organs have a survival benefit despite higher operative mortality.

Materials and Methods:
We examined, from our prospectively maintained database, the outcome of patients between 2010 and 2020 who had undergone pancreatectomy for locally advanced lesions that also needed resection of one or more adjacent involved organs and compared their short-term outcome with those who underwent pancreatectomy alone and whether any of them survived years.

Results:
There were a total of 360 patients who underwent Whipple’s pancreaticoduodenectomy (WP) during the study period, of whom 343 patients (95%) had standard procedures and 17 patients (5%) had additional multivisceral resections (MVRs). The colon was the most frequently resected organ in 11 (65%) of the patients who had Whipples pancreaticoduodenectomy with multivisceral (WPMVR) resections. The overall mortality (in-hospital and long-term) was higher in the WPMVR group compared to the WP group (5/17, 30%) versus (22/343, 6%) (P ≤ 0.05), and the morbidity was found to be comparable in both groups: 3 (18%) versus 158 (44%) (P ≤ 0.05). However, of the 12 patients who had undergone WPMVR, to our surprise, seven survived for 5 years.

Conclusions:
Although patients with pancreatic cancer who undergo MVRs have higher operative mortality, a number, albeit small, may have long-term survival.