bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gerota and Brâncuşi: Romanian anatomy and art face to face
Authors: Chirculescu A. R. M. , Panduru Andra , Chirculescu Mihaela , Morris J. F. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractGerota’s name is associated with two eponyms and two histochemical methods, but he was also Brâncuşi’s teacher and supervisor. When Brâncuşi was a student in Bucharest, he produced an ‘écorché’ (flayed man), of which six plaster replicas still exist, two in apparently the original shape and four which have been modified/‘cosmetized’. The two are in the University of Arts in Bucharest, one in the main hall, the other in the classroom used for teaching students. Of the other four, one is in the Museum of Arts and one in the Museum of Natural Sciences of Carol I National College in Craiova (where Gerota graduated in 1885), and one each in the Faculties of Medicine in Cluj Napoca and Iassy. One more probably existed in the Faculty of Medicine in Bucharest, and one in the Faculty of Fine Arts in Iassy but no trace of them could be found. The original clay model was lost (or destroyed during transportation) in the 1930s or 1956. Two variants of the écorché exist: one ‘artistic’ (slender and smoother) in the University of Arts in Bucharest; the other more ‘anatomical’ (muscular, robust, athletic) in Craiova, Cluj and Iassy. Both variants are a very realistic representation of the human muscular system, but with that extra which only a master artist can add. Interestingly, the head of the écorché bears a striking resemblance in attitude and curves to that of Brâncuşi’s famous head of Mademoiselle Pogany. The replicas appear to have been distributed to embellish the capitals of four of the six historical Romanian provinces: Muntenia (Bucharest), Oltenia (Craiova), Moldavia (Iassy), and Transylvania (Cluj).
Both synthesis and reuptake are critical for replenishing the releasable serotonin pool in Drosophila
Authors: Borue Xenia , Condron Barry , Venton B. Jill 
Published: January 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 10.1111/j.1471‐4159.2010.06588.xAbstractThe two main sources of serotonin available for release are expected to be newly synthesized serotonin and serotonin recycled after reuptake by the serotonin transporter. However, their relative importance for maintaining release and the time course of regulation are unknown. We studied serotonin signaling in the ventral nerve cord of the larval Drosophila CNS. Fast‐scan cyclic voltammetry at implanted microelectrodes was used to detect serotonin elicited by channelrhodopsin2‐mediated depolarization. The effects of reuptake were probed by incubating in cocaine, which is selective for the serotonin transporter in Drosophila. p‐chlorophenylalanine, an inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase2, was used to investigate the effects of synthesis. Stimulations were repeated at various intervals to assess the time course of recovery of the releasable pool. Reuptake is important for the rapid replenishment of the releasable pool, on the 1 min time scale. Synthesis is critical to the longer‐term replenishment (10 min) of the releasable pool, especially when reuptake is also inhibited. Concurrent synthesis and reuptake inhibition decreased both serotonin tissue content measured by immunohistochemistry (by 50%) and the initial amount of evoked serotonin (by 65%). Decreases in evoked serotonin are rescued by inhibiting action potential propagation with tetrodotoxin, implicating endogenous activity in the depletion. These results show synthesis is necessary to replenish part of the releasable serotonin pool that is depleted after reuptake inhibition, suggesting that regulation of synthesis may modulate the effects of serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
A “Screen‐and‐Treat” Approach for Helicobacter pylori Infection: A Population‐Based Study in Vammala, Finland
Authors: Salomaa‐Räsänen Anniina , Kosunen Timo U. , Aromaa Arpo R. J. , Knekt Paul , Sarna Seppo , Rautelin Hilpi 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackground:  To accelerate the decline of Helicobacter pylori infection, and to study the significance of the possible risk factors for H. pylori infection in Finland, we started a voluntary H. pylori“screen‐treat‐retest‐and‐retreat” program for all young adults at primary health care in Vammala, Finland after a pilot study in 1994 including 504 subjects aged 15–75.Materials and Methods:  A total of 3326 aged 15–40 in 1996, and 716 aged 15 and 584 aged 45 in 1997–2000 were screened for H. pylori using serology. Helicobacter pylori positive were treated, cure was verified by serology.Results:  The eradication rates were 93.8%, 82.2%, and 77.6% per protocol in pilot study in 1994, in subjects invited in 1996 and 1997–2000, respectively. Helicobacter pylori seroprevalence rates were calculated to have decreased from 36% to 14% in pilot study, from 12% to 4% among subjects invited in 1996, from 3% to 2% among subjects aged 15 and from 27% to 12% among subjects aged 45 in 1997–2000. An epidemiologic questionnaire in 1996 revealed that crowding in the childhood household, low education of the mother, current smoking and alcohol consumption, unfavorable housing conditions, and sick leaves due to dyspepsia were independently associated with H. pylori infection.Conclusions:  This intervention with high participation rates resulted in a significant decline in calculated H. pylori seroprevalence rates. Although the low prevalence of H. pylori infection may limit the cost efficiency of the program, the intervention is expected to reduce the burden of H. pylori‐associated diseases.
Characterization of Multiple Helicobacter bizzozeronii Isolates From a Finnish Patient With Severe Dyspeptic Symptoms and Chronic Active Gastritis
Authors: Kivistö Rauni , Linros Jüri , Rossi Mirko , Rautelin Hilpi , Hänninen Marja‐Liisa 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackground:  Helicobacter pylori is the primary cause of gastritis and peptic ulceration in humans. In a minority of patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms, long tightly coiled spiral bacteria, provisionally named “Helicobacter heilmannii,” are observed in gastric biopsies. These bacteria are extremely fastidious and only one previous study has succeeded in obtaining an isolate in vitro.Materials and Methods:  We used two different selective media to isolate “H. heilmannii” from the gastric mucosa of a Finnish patient presenting with severe dyspeptic symptoms. The isolates were characterized by testing for urease and catalase activity, by using light and electron microscopy, and by sequencing of the partial 16S rRNA and ureAB genes. Single‐enzyme amplified fragment length polymorphism (sAFLP) was used to analyze the genetic diversity among the isolates.Results:  We obtained 15 isolates from different gastric biopsies prior and three after unsuccessful treatment of the patient. The isolates were identified as Helicobacter bizzozeronii. Eradication therapy was unsuccessful most probably due to high level of resistance to metronidazole. Persistent colonization by the same H. bizzozeronii clone was confirmed by sAFLP, however, small differences between the profiles suggested long‐term colonization of the patient.Conclusions:  Helicobacter bizzozeronii remains the only “H. heilmannii” species isolated from human gastric mucosa although it has been an infrequent observation among “H. heilmannii”‐infected patients in PCR‐based screening studies. The relevance of H. bizzozeronii and other potentially zoonotic gastric Helicobacter spp. in human disease remains to be determined.
Gastric Infection with Kazachstania heterogenica Influences the Outcome of a Helicobacter suis Infection in Mongolian Gerbils
Authors: Flahou Bram , De Baere Thierry , Chiers Koen , Pasmans Frank , Haesebrouck Freddy , Ducatelle Richard 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackground:  The Mongolian gerbil model is often used to investigate the interactions between different gastric Helicobacter species and the gastric tissue. A preliminary screening of a gerbil population intended for use in Helicobacter suis infection studies revealed a natural yeast infection in the stomach of these animals. After identification, we have investigated the effect of the gastric yeast infection on the outcome of an experimental H. suis infection in Mongolian gerbils.Materials and methods:  Yeast cells were isolated from the stomachs of Mongolian gerbils. Identification was done by Internally Transcribed rRNA Spacer 2 Region PCR fragment length analysis. To investigate a possible pathologic role of this yeast, Mongolian gerbils were infected experimentally with this yeast. Co‐infection with the newly isolated H. suis was performed to investigate possible interactions between both micro‐organisms.Results:  Kazachstania heterogenica was found colonizing the stomach of Mongolian gerbils, mainly in the antrum. Few pathologic changes were seen in the stomachs of infected animals. Experimental co‐infection of gerbils with this yeast and the newly isolated H. suis showed a significant increase in inflammation in animals infected with both micro‐organisms compared to animals infected only with H. suis.Conclusions:  K. heterogenica colonizes the stomach of Mongolian gerbils in exactly the same regions as gastric Helicobacter species. The uncontrolled presence of this yeast in the gerbil stomach can lead to an overestimation of the inflammation caused by Helicobacter in this animal model.
User−Producer Interaction in Housing Energy Innovations
Authors: Heiskanen Eva , Lovio Raimo 
Published: January 2010

SummaryVon Hippel and colleagues have highlighted the crucial role of users in innovation in different industries and types of products. They describe the innovation process in terms of the distinct domains of knowledge that producers and users possess. Producers have knowledge about technical solutions and users about their needs, the context of use, and their own capabilities as users. Both sets of knowledge are characterized by “stickiness”: They move relatively freely within their own domain but are difficult to transfer outside of it.In the case of radical innovations for sustainable consumption, the problem of “sticky information” is compounded. Both producers and consumers need to reach out of their conventional competencies and search for new solutions. “Societal actors,” such as government bodies or environmental experts, can show the way to such solutions, but this new knowledge needs to be integrated with the “sticky” knowledge about everyday practices in production and consumption.In the present article we attempt to conceptualize the role and interaction of user and producer knowledge with the knowledge of environmental experts in housing energy innovations. We do so by applying the user−producer interaction framework to a case study on the introduction of low‐energy housing concepts in Finland. On the basis of this analysis, we draw conclusions on the potential and limitations of today's practices in the field. For example, we suggest that user involvement can help to enhance the acceptance of low‐energy solutions but that the methods for involving users need to be adapted to the particular circumstances in each industry.
Collateral Spread and Financial Development
Authors: LIBERTI JOSÉ M. , MIAN ATIF R. 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTWe show that institutions that promote financial development ease borrowing constraints by lowering the collateral spread and shifting the composition of acceptable collateral towards firm‐specific assets. Collateral spread is defined as the difference in collateralization rates between high‐ and low‐risk borrowers. The average collateral spread is large but declines rapidly with improvements in financial development driven by stronger institutions. We also show that the composition of collateralizable assets shifts towards non‐specific assets (e.g., land) with borrower risk. However, the shift is considerably smaller in developed financial markets, enabling risky borrowers to use a larger variety of assets as collateral.
Correlation Risk and Optimal Portfolio Choice
Authors: BURASCHI ANDREA , PORCHIA PAOLO , TROJANI FABIO 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTWe develop a new framework for multivariate intertemporal portfolio choice that allows us to derive optimal portfolio implications for economies in which the degree of correlation across industries, countries, or asset classes is stochastic. Optimal portfolios include distinct hedging components against both stochastic volatility and correlation risk. We find that the hedging demand is typically larger than in univariate models, and it includes an economically significant covariance hedging component, which tends to increase with the persistence of variance–covariance shocks, the strength of leverage effects, the dimension of the investment opportunity set, and the presence of portfolio constraints.
Cognitive mediation of panic reduction during an early intervention for panic
Authors: Meulenbeek P. , Spinhoven P. , Smit F. , Van Balkom A. , Cuijpers P. 
Published: January 2010

Meulenbeek P, Spinhoven P, Smit F, van Balkom A, Cuijpers P. Cognitive mediation of panic reduction during an early intervention for panic.Objective:  This study investigated cognitive mediation of improvement in panic disorder (PD) symptomatology during and after an early intervention for panic symptoms in subthreshold and mild PD.Method:  We executed a pragmatic, pre‐post, two‐group, multi‐site, randomized trial of an early intervention for panic symptoms, based on cognitive‐behavioural therapy, vs. a wait‐list control group in a sample of 217 participants with subthreshold PD or mild PD.Results:  First, two of the three subscales of the mediator variable Panic Appraisal Inventory (PAI‐anticipation and PAI‐coping) significantly mediated residual change in PD symptomatology on the PD Severity Scale‐Self Report. Second, preintervention to postintervention PAI‐anticipation and PAI‐coping change scores significantly predicted postintervention to follow‐up change in PD symptomatology after controlling for other change scores. However, the converse association was also significant.Conclusion:  The results suggest that changes in cognitions may mediate changes in PD symptomatology and that the process of change is circular.
Gingival changes during pregnancy: I. Influence of hormonal variations on clinical and immunological parameters
Authors: Figuero Elena , Carrillo‐de‐Albornoz Ana , Herrera David , Bascones‐Martínez Antonio 
Published: January 2010

Figuero E, Carrillo‐de‐Albornoz A, Herrera D, Bascones‐Martínez A. Gingival changes during pregnancy: I. Influence of hormonal variations on clinical and immunological parameters. J Clin Periodontol 2009; 37: 220–229. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐051X.2009.01516.x.AbstractAim: To test whether exacerbated gingival inflammation in pregnancy is associated with increased salivary hormone levels and changes in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and prostaglandin‐E2 (PGE2) levels.Material and methods: In this cohort study, 48 pregnant women without periodontitis were evaluated in the first, second, and third trimesters and at 3 months postpartum. Twenty‐eight non‐periodontitis non‐pregnant women were evaluated twice, with a 6‐month interval. Plaque and gingival indices (PlI, GI), salivary progesterone and estradiol and GCF IL‐1β and PGE2 levels were determined. anova for repeated measures or Friedman's test were used for intragroup analyses. Inter‐group comparisons were analysed with t‐test or Mann–Whitney U‐test.Correlations were evaluated with Pearson's and Spearman's test.Results: Pregnant women showed an increase in GI (p<0.05) despite maintaining low PlI values. No changes in IL‐1β and PGE2 levels were observed during pregnancy. No significant correlation was found between the GI increase and salivary hormone levels. GI (p<0.05) and IL‐1β levels (p<0.001) were lower in non‐pregnant than in pregnant women.Conclusions: This study confirms the presence of an exacerbated gingival inflammation during pregnancy, but this phenomenon could not be associated with an increase in progesterone or estradiol or with changes in PGE2 or IL‐1β.
Multiple myeloma: changes in serum C‐terminal telopeptide of collagen type I and bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase can be used in daily practice to detect imminent osteolysis*
Authors: Lund Thomas , Abildgaard Niels , Andersen Thomas L. , Delaisse Jean‐Marie , Plesner Torben 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjective: Monitoring of bone disease in multiple myeloma is becoming increasingly important because bone‐protecting treatment with bisphosphonate is becoming restricted after the awareness of osteonecrosis of the jaw. Despite the potential of biochemical markers of bone remodeling to monitor dynamic bone turnover, they are not used in everyday practice. Here, we investigate their usefulness to detect imminent progressive osteolysis in relapsing patients with multiple myeloma. Methods: In an unselected cohort of 93 patients, we measured the bone resorption markers C‐terminal telopeptide of collagen type I (CTX‐I), C‐terminal cross‐linked telopeptide of type‐I collagen generated by MMPs (ICTP), N‐terminal cross‐linked telopeptide of type‐I collagen (NTX‐I), and the bone formation marker bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase (bALP) monthly for 2 yr. Retrospectively, we identified 40 cases where patients had progressive disease. We investigated how the bone markers developed prior to disease progression. Results: We observed that CTX‐I and bALP changed significantly before progressive disease were recognized. More interestingly, these changes differed depending on whether concurrent progressive osteolysis was present. In patients with progressive osteolysis, there was a large increase in bone resorption which was not compensated by increased bone formation. In contrasts, patients with stable bone disease had only a slight increase in bone resorption which was compensated by concurrent increased bone formation. By calculating a patient‐specific CTX‐I/bALP ratio, we quantified the risk a patient experiences if the ratio increases. Conclusion: By analyzing patient‐specific changes in the ratio of CTX‐I/bALP, we might tailor treatment with bone‐protecting agents in the individual patient.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: PTPN22 C1858T Polymorphism in Women with Endometriosis
Authors: Gomes Fabiane M. C. S. , Bianco Bianca , Teles Juliana S. , Christofolini Denise M. , De Souza Angela M. B. , Guedes Alexis D. , Barbosa Caio P. 
Published: January 2010

Citation Gomes FMCS, Bianco B, Teles JS, Christofolini DM, de Souza AMB, Guedes AD, Barbosa CP. PTPN22 C1858T polymorphismin women with endometriosis. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010; 63: 227–232Problem  Endometriosis has been suggested to be an autoimmune disease and recently, an allelic variation of the PTPN22 (C1858T) gene was revealed to be associated with the development of autoimmunity. The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of the PTPN22 (C1858T) polymorphism in Brazilian women with endometriosis as compared with controls.Method of study  Case–control study included 140 women with endometriosis and a control group consisting of 180 healthy fertile women without a history of endometriosis and/or autoimmune diseases from the ABC School of Medicine. The PTPN22 (C1858T) polymorphism was studied by restriction fragment length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction (RFLP‐PCR).Results  Genotypes CC, CT and TT of PTPN22 polymorphism presented frequencies of 67.9, 30.0 and 2.1% in the women with endometriosis (P = 0.008); 76.2, 19.0 and 4.8% in women with minimal/mild endometriosis (P = 0.173); 61.0, 39.0 and 0.0% in women with moderate/severe endometriosis (P ≤ 0.001) and 82.8, 16.1 and 1.1% in control group. Allele C and T were present in 82.9 and 17.1%; 85.7 and 14.3%; 80.5 and 19.5%; and 90.8 and 9.2% respectively, in women with endometriosis (P = 0.004), women with minimal/mild endometriosis (P = 0.148), women with moderate/severe endometriosis (P = 0.002) and control group.Conclusion  The data suggest that in Brazilian women polymorphism PTPN22 (C1858T) may be an important genetic predisposing factor for endometriosis, especially, in advanced disease.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Leptin Gene (TTTC)n Microsatellite Polymorphism as well as Leptin Receptor R223Q and PPARγ2 P12A Substitutions are not Associated with Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy
Authors: Wiedemann Annette , Vocke Franziska , Fitzgerald Justine S. , Markert Udo R. , Jeschke Udo , Lohse Peter , Toth Bettina 
Published: January 2010

Citation Wiedemann A, Vocke F, Fitzgerald JS, Markert UR, Jeschke U, Lohse P, Toth B. Leptin gene (TTTC)n microsatellite polymorphism as well as Leptin receptor R223Q and PPARγ2 P12A substitutions are not associated with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010; 63: 310–317Problem  Pregnancy‐induced hypertension (PIH) affects up to 15% of all pregnancies. Disturbed placentation is one factor associated with PIH. Leptin and peroxisome proliferator activator receptors (PPAR) seem to play an important role in placentation, fetal development, and blood pressure regulation. Therefore, we investigated polymorphisms in the genes encoding leptin, the leptin receptor, and PPARγ2 in patients with PIH.Method of study  In this retrospective case–control study, 103 patients with PIH [gestational hypertension (GH) n = 39; preeclampsia n = 27; eclampsia n = 5; HELLP n = 32] and 100 controls were analyzed for the LEP tetranucleotide repeat (TTTC)n and the leptin receptor (LEPR) R223Q and PPARγ2 P12A substitutions. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi‐square, Mann–Whitney U‐, and Kruskal–Wallis tests (P < 0.05 significant).Results  The frequency of the three possible genotypes did not differ significantly between patients and controls [LEP (TTTC)n: P = 0.43; LEPR R223Q: P = 0.94; PPARγ2 P12A: P = 0.94]. However, postpartal diastolic blood pressure of PIH patients was significantly higher in homozygous carriers of the LEPR Q223‐encoding allele as compared with patients carrying the wild‐type allele (P < 0.01).Conclusion  Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy were not associated with the LEP, LEPR, and PPARγ2 polymorphisms studied. The role of other variations in the LEP and PPAR genes in the pathophysiology of PIH and in exacerbations are the objective of ongoing research.
Changes with Age in the Activities of β‐Secretase and the Aβ‐Degrading Enzymes Neprilysin, Insulin‐Degrading Enzyme and Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme
Authors: Miners J. Scott , Van Helmond Zoë , Kehoe Patrick G. , Love Seth 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe recently found that insoluble Aβ increases, but soluble Aβ decreases with age in normal brains. We now report the changes in activities of β‐secretase (BACE‐1) and Aβ‐degrading enzymes with age, and their relationships to concentrations of soluble and insoluble Aβ. We measured BACE‐1 activity and the levels and activities of neprilysin (NEP), insulin‐degrading enzyme (IDE) and angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) in normal control brains (16 years–95 years). We also compared the measurements to those in AD. BACE‐1 activity correlated closely with age in controls and was significantly higher in AD. In controls, NEP and IDE activities (but not protein levels) increased with age but ACE activity and level did not. BACE‐1 activity correlated directly with insoluble but inversely with soluble Aβ. IDE activity correlated directly with insoluble Aβ and NEP activity was inversely related to soluble Aβ. ACE level correlated directly with insoluble and inversely with soluble Aβ in controls but not AD. Both Aβ‐synthesizing and ‐degrading enzyme activities increase with age, coinciding with declining soluble Aβ and increasing insoluble Aβ. Further research is needed to establish whether these changes in enzyme activity and Aβ levels are causally related and if so how.