bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DMR1 (CCM1/YGR150C) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Encodes an RNA-Binding Protein from the Pentatricopeptide Repeat Family Required for the Maintenance of the Mitochondrial 15S Ribosomal RNA
Authors: Puchta Olga , Lubas Michal , Lipinski Kamil A , Piatkowski Jakub , Malecki Michal , Golik Pawel 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins form the largest known RNA-binding protein family and are found in all eukaryotes, being particularly abundant in higher plants. PPR proteins localize mostly in mitochondria and chloroplasts, where they modulate organellar genome expression on the post-transcriptional level. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae DMR1 (CCM1, YGR150C) encodes a PPR protein that localizes to mitochondria. Deletion of DMR1 results in a complete and irreversible loss of respiratory capacity and loss of wild-type mtDNA by conversion to ρ−/ρ0 petites, regardless of the presence of introns in mtDNA. The phenotype of the dmr1Δ mitochondria is characterized by fragmentation of the small subunit mitochondrial rRNA (15S rRNA), that can be reversed by wild-type Dmr1p. Other mitochondrial transcripts, including the large subunit mitochondrial rRNA (21S rRNA), are not affected by the lack of Dmr1p. The purified Dmr1 protein specifically binds to different regions of 15S rRNA in vitro, consistent with the deletion phenotype. Dmr1p is therefore the first yeast PPR protein, which has an rRNA target and is probably involved in the biogenesis of mitochondrial ribosomes and translation.
Using 100- instead of 120-kVp computed tomography to diagnose pulmonary embolism almost halves the radiation dose with preserved diagnostic quality
Authors: Björkdahl Peter , Nyman Ulf 
Published: February 2010

Background: Concern has been raised regarding the mounting collective radiation doses from computed tomography (CT), increasing the risk of radiation-induced cancers in exposed populations. Purpose: To compare radiation dose and image quality in a chest phantom and in patients for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) at 100 and 120 peak kilovoltage (kVp) using 16-multichannel detector computed tomography (MDCT). Material and Methods: A 20-ml syringe containing 12 mg I/ml was scanned in a chest phantom at 100/120 kVp and 25 milliampere seconds (mAs). Consecutive patients underwent 100 kVp ( n = 50) and 120 kVp ( n = 50) 16-MDCT using a “quality reference” effective mAs of 100, 300 mg I/kg, and a 12-s injection duration. Attenuation (CT number), image noise (1 standard deviation), and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR; fresh clot = 70 HU) of the contrast medium syringe and pulmonary arteries were evaluated on 3-mm-thick slices. Subjective image quality was assessed. Computed tomography dose index (CTDIvol) and dose–length product (DLP) were presented by the CT software, and effective dose was estimated. Results: Mean values in the chest phantom and patients changed as follows when X-ray tube potential decreased from 120 to 100 kVp: attenuation +23% and +40%, noise +38% and +48%, CNR −6% and 0%, and CTDIvol −38% and −40%, respectively. Mean DLP and effective dose in the patients decreased by 42% and 45%, respectively. Subjective image quality was excellent or adequate in 49/48 patients at 100/120 kVp. No patient with a negative CT had any thromboembolism diagnosed during 3-month follow-up. Conclusion: By reducing X-ray tube potential from 120 to 100 kVp, while keeping all other scanning parameters unchanged, the radiation dose to the patient may be almost halved without deterioration of diagnostic quality, which may be of particular benefit in young individuals.
Distribution of Angle Kappa Measurements with Orbscan II in a Population-Based Survey
Authors: Hashemi Hassan , KhabazKhoob Mehdi , Yazdani Kamran , Mehravaran Shiva , Jafarzadehpur Ebrahim , Fotouhi Akbar 
Published: February 2010

Purpose:
To determine the mean angle kappa and its determinants in the population of Tehran, Iran.

Methods:
In a cross-sectional survey with random cluster sampling, a total of 442 participants aged >14 years were selected from 4 municipality districts of Tehran for Orbscan acquisitions. Exclusion criteria were history of eye surgery for refractive errors, cataract or glaucoma, and use of topical medication or any type of contact lens at the time of the study. Mean angle kappa in different age and gender groups and its association with other factors was assessed. Considering the high correlation between the right and left eyes, only results of the right eyes are presented.

Results:

After applying exclusion criteria, 800 eyes (399 right eyes and 401 left eyes) were examined. Mean participant age was 40.6±16.8 years (range: 14 to 81 years), and 38.8% of eyes were from men. Mean angle kappa was 5.46±1.33° in total; 5.41±1.32° in men and 5.49±1.34° in women (
P
=.558). It decreased significantly with age; 0.015°/year (
P
<.001). In individuals with myopia, emmetropia, and hypermetropia, the mean value was 5.13±1.50°, 5.72±1.10°, and 5.52±1.19°, respectively (
P
=.025); the post-hoc test indicated this was due to the difference between emmetropes and myopes.

Conclusions:
According to our results, angle kappa reduces with age, and the inter-gender difference is not significant. Largest angle kappas were seen among individuals with emmetropia. Angle kappas were larger in the hypermetropic population compared to the myopic population.
Planned Delayed Relaxing Retinotomy for Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy
Authors: Williamson Tom H. , Gupta Bhaskar 
Published: February 2010

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
A program involving three operations—the first to reattach most of the retina under silicone oil, the second to reattach the remaining retina by planned delayed relaxing retinectomy (PDRR), and the third to remove silicone oil—was tested.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Review of electronic records of patients receiving PDRR for proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). The primary end point was reattached retina without silicone oil.

RESULTS:
Eighty-seven patients had PVR and 27 received PDRR (mean age: 66.6 years; mean follow-up: 2.3 years). Ten patients had grade B PVR, 8 had CP1 to CP6, and 7 had CA2 to CA6. Twenty- four (89%) patients achieved a reattached retina without silicone oil. Mean logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution visual acuities were 1.41 (standard deviation = 0.67) at presentation and 1.21 (standard deviation = 0.58) at final follow-up. Four patients had glaucoma and 1 had scleromalacia. The overall success rate for all patients with PVR was 85% reattached retina without oil tamponade.

CONCLUSION:
PDRR contributes to a high chance of reattached retina and oil removal in PVR.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2010;41:31–34.]
Different Patterns of Fundus Autofluorescence Related to ABCA4 Gene Mutations in Stargardt Disease
Authors: Sodi Andrea , Bini Alessandro , Passerini Ilaria , Forconi Simona , Menchini Ugo , Torricelli Francesca 
Published: February 2010

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Stargardt disease is a type of juvenile-onset macular dystrophy. The clinical presentation is characterized by macular atrophy and the presence of lipofuscin storage. The aim of this study was to investigate a possible correlation between different ABCA4 gene mutations and the autofluorescence pattern.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Twenty patients with Stargardt disease were examined for ABCA4 gene mutations and were administered fundus autofluorescence examinations.

RESULTS:
Autofluorescence imaging demonstrated different patterns. ABCA4 gene analysis exhibited 16 missense mutations, 4 stop mutations, 4 splicing mutations, 3 deletions, and 1 insertion randomly distributed in the two alleles.

CONCLUSION:
The presence of two severe mutations in the two alleles was associated with a larger atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium in the macular area.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2010;41:48–53.]
In Vivo Fluorescence Mode Confocal Microscopy of Subepithelial Tissues in Glaucoma Filtering Blebs
Authors: Wells Anthony P. , Wakely Laura , Birchall Wayne 
Published: February 2010

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
The miniaturization of confocal imaging technology has resulted in the development of a handheld confocal microscope probe capable of fluorescence mode imaging. Findings in the subepithelial tissues of glaucoma filtering blebs using this novel approach for proof of concept are described.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
A fiberoptic confocal imaging probe using an illumination wavelength of 488 nm was applied to the bleb surface of 11 eyes after topical or subconjunctival administration of sodium fluorescein. The imaging plane was moved to the subepithelial region and multiple images from multiple bleb regions were captured at a resolution of 1,024 × 1,024 pixels per square inch.

RESULTS:
High-quality images of the bleb wall structure, vasculature, and superficial sclera were obtained and demonstrated subcellular detail. Lateral resolution was between 1 and 1.5 µm and axial resolution was approximately 30 µm. Identifiable structures in the failing blebs included vasculature (including individual erythrocytes, pericytes, and vascular endothelium); microcystic structures; and cells within the Tenon's tissue, some of which resembled fibroblasts.

CONCLUSION:
Fluorescence mode imaging of ocular subsurface detail is a viable and promising tool for assessment of wound healing and other processes in trabeculectomy blebs. The ability to image fluorophores creates the possibility of functional imaging.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2010;41:78–82.]
Comparison of the Outcomes of Limbal-Based Trabeculectomy With and Without Anchor Sutures
Authors: Miyawaki Takaya , Yaguchi Shigeo , Hanemoto Tsukasa , Ando Mikihiko , Kozawa Tadahiko 
Published: February 2010

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To retrospectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of limbal-based trabeculectomy with anchor sutures compared to standard limbal-based trabeculectomy. Limbal-based trabeculectomy was performed with a new technique using anchor sutures, which involved tying the conjunctiva to the sclera at a deep fornix incision to prevent bleb localization induced by slippage of the conjunctival suture scar toward the scleral flap.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
In this retrospective, comparative, interventional case series, 45 eyes that underwent limbal-based trabeculectomy with anchor sutures and 27 eyes that underwent standard limbal-based trabeculectomy were analyzed (primary surgery).

RESULTS:
At a target intraocular pressure of 15 mm Hg, the 3-year survival rate using Kaplan–Meier analysis was 76.2% in the limbal-based trabeculectomy with anchor sutures group and 55.6% in the standard limbal-based trabeculectomy group. Bleb morphology analysis using the Moorfields Bleb Grading System showed that blebs in the limbal-based trabeculectomy with anchor sutures group were more diffused than those in the standard limbal-based trabeculectomy group.

CONCLUSION:
Limbal-based trabeculectomy with anchor sutures appears to be an effective method for decreasing intraocular pressure and improving morphology of blebs.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2010;41:91–95.]
Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness After a Single Attack of Primary Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma Measured With Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Wong Ian Y. H. , Yuen Nancy S. Y. , Chan Clement W. N. 
Published: February 2010

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
After a single unilateral acute primary angle-closure glaucoma attack, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) may be thinned. The current study measured the RNFL thickness using optical coherence tomography in eyes with normal visual fields after recovery from a single attack of acute primary angle-closure glaucoma.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Twenty-one patients and age-matched control subjects underwent optical coherence tomography scanning after recovery from a single unilateral acute primary angle-closure glaucoma attack. Data from the affected eyes, normal fellow eyes, and control subjects were compared.

RESULTS:

Average RNFL thickness was 91.3 ± 16.4 µm in the affected eyes, 100.1 ± 16.4 µm in the fellow eyes, and 100.2 ± 16.7 µm in the control eyes. Significant thinning was present in the affected eyes compared to the fellow eyes (
P
= .001) and the control eyes (
P
= .04).

CONCLUSION:
RNFL thickness was found to be significantly thinner in the eyes with angle-closure glaucoma.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2010;41:96–99.]
Phacoemulsification With Intraocular Lens Implantation in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Ganesh Sudha K. , Sudharshan S. 
Published: February 2010

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate outcomes of phacoemulsification cataract surgery with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in children and adults with juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Charts of 7 patients (10 eyes) with juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis who had phacoemulsification cataract surgery between December 2002 and March 2005 were analyzed.

RESULTS:
Ten eyes of 7 patients had phacoemulsification with IOL implantation done by a single surgeon. A heparin surface modified IOL was used in 7 eyes and a foldable acrylic IOL was used in 3 eyes. At final follow-up, 70% of eyes had a visual acuity of 20/40 or better and 30% had improved visual acuity to 20/60. Posterior capsular opacification was found in 2 eyes and anterior capsular fibrosis in 1 eye.

CONCLUSION:
Keys to success following cataract surgery in juvenile idiopathic arthritis are the age of the child, the absence of amblyopia, and strict preoperative and postoperative control of inflammation.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2010;41:104–108.]
Analysis of whole genome biomarker expression in blood and brain
Authors: Rollins Brandi , Martin Maureen V. , Morgan Ling , Vawter Marquis P. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe consistency of peripheral gene expression data and the overlap with brain expression has not been evaluated in biomarker discovery, nor has it been reported in multiple tissues from the same subjects on a genome wide transcript level. The effects of processing whole blood, transformation, and passaged cell lines on gene expression profiling was studied in healthy subjects using Affymetrix arrays. Ficoll extracted peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) transformed lymphocytes, passaged lymphoblastic cell lines (LCLs), and whole blood from Tempus tubes were compared. There were 6,813 transcripts differentially expressed between different methods of blood preparation. Principal component analysis resolved two partitions involving pre‐ and post‐transformation EBV effects. Combining results from Affymetrix arrays, postmortem subjects' brain and PBMC profiles showed co‐expression levels of summarized transcripts for 4,103 of 17,859 (22.9%) RefSeq transcripts. In a control experiment, rat hemi‐brain and blood showed similar expression levels for 19% of RefSeq transcripts. After filtering transcripts that were not significantly different in abundance between human cerebellum and PBMCs from the Affymetrix exon array the correlation in mean transcript abundance was high as expected (r = 0.98). Differences in the alternative splicing index in brain and blood were found for about 90% of all transcripts examined. This study demonstrates over 4,100 brain transcripts co‐expressed in blood samples can be further examined by in vitro and in vivo experimental studies of blood and cell lines from patients with psychiatric disorders. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Theoretical evaluation of magnetoreception of power‐frequency fields
Authors: Vanderstraeten Jacques , Gillis Pierre 
Published: February 2010

AbstractSeveral effects of power‐frequency (50/60 Hz) magnetic fields (PF‐MF) of weak intensity have been hypothesized in animals and humans. No valid mechanism, however, has been proposed for an interaction between PF‐MF and biological tissues and living beings at intensities relevant to animal and human exposure. Here we proposed to consider PF‐MF as disrupters of the natural magnetic signal. Under exposure to these fields, an oscillating field exists that results from the vectorial summation of both the PF‐MF and the geomagnetic field. At a PF‐MF intensity (rms) of 0.5 µT, the peak‐to‐peak amplitude of the axis and/or intensity variations of this resulting field exceeds the related discrimination threshold of magnetoreception (MR) in migrating animals. From our evaluation of the 50/60 Hz responsiveness of the putative mechanisms of MR, single domain particles (Kirschvink's model) appear unable to transduce that oscillating signal. On the contrary, radical pair reactions are able to, as well as interacting multidomain iron–mineral platelets and clusters of superparamagnetic particles (Fleissner/Solov'yov's model). It is, however, not yet known whether the reception of 50/60 Hz oscillations of the natural magnetic signal might be of consequence or not. Bioelectromagnetics 31:371–379, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of the Tirandamycin Biosynthetic Gene Cluster from Streptomyces sp. 307‐9
Authors: Carlson Jacob C. , Fortman J. L. , Anzai Yojiro , Li Shengying , Burr Douglas A. , Sherman David H. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe structurally intriguing bicyclic ketal moiety of tirandamycin is common to several acyl‐tetramic acid antibiotics, and is a key determinant of biological activity. We have identified the tirandamycin biosynthetic gene cluster from the environmental marine isolate Streptomyces sp. 307–9, thus providing the first genetic insight into the biosynthesis of this natural product scaffold. Sequence analysis revealed a hybrid polyketide synthase–nonribosomal peptide synthetase gene cluster with a colinear domain organization, which is entirely consistent with the core structure of the tirandamycins. We also identified genes within the cluster that encode candidate tailoring enzymes for elaboration and modification of the bicyclic ketal system. Disruption of tamI, which encodes a presumed cytochrome P450, led to a mutant strain deficient in production of late stage tirandamycins that instead accumulated tirandamycin C, an intermediate devoid of any post assembly‐line oxidative modifications.
Wärmeübergang und Druckverlust bei einer Gasströmung in Rohren mit Einbauten
Authors: Schinke L. , Seime D. , Meinert J. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractEs wird eine einfache und kostengünstige Einbautenvariante für Rohre hinsichtlich ihrer Vergrößerung des Wärmeüberganges und des Druckverlustes bei einer Gasströmung experimentell untersucht. Als Messprinzip wird Luft bei der Durchströmung durch das Prüfrohr erwärmt und alle Parameter, die für eine Auswertung über die Energiebilanz benötigt werden, aufgenommen. Abschließend werden die Ergebnisse diskutiert und mit gängigen Theorien verglichen.
Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Assessment by Tl‐201 Gated SPECT: A Comparison With Echocardiography
Authors: Harpaz David , Asman Arik , Kuperstein Rafael , Boaz Mona , Chouraqui Pierre 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackgroundFew studies including only a limited number of patients have compared left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) assessed by 2‐dimensional echocardiography (2‐DE) and electrocardiography‐gated Tl‐201 single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).HypothesisLVEF assessment by Tl‐201 gated spect is comparable with LVEF assessed by 2‐DE in two different echocardiographic laboratories.Material and MethodsPatients (n = 402) underwent Tl‐201 gated SPECT in the same laboratory and 2‐DE in 2 different laboratories. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the study laboratory: group 1, at the tertiary hospital and group 2, at a community laboratory.ResultsLVEF evaluations were similar (mean LVEF: 50.73% ± 11.67% by 2‐DE vs 50.11% ± 11.41% by SPECT in group 1 and 57.27% ± 7.44% by 2‐DE vs 57.41% ± 8.37% by SPECT in group 2). All LVEF measurements were highly correlated (r = 0.7, P<.001). Baseline characteristics differed between the groups, with a higher prevalence of past myocardial infarction in the in‐hospital vs the community echo group (46.7% vs 22.2%, P<.01), resulting in a higher LVEF in the latter, both by 2‐DE (mean 50.7% ± 11.7% vs 57.3% ± 7.4%, P<.01) and SPECT (50.1% ± 11.4% vs 57.4% ± 8.4%, P<.01).ConclusionsThe Tl‐201 gated SPECT is a reliable clinical tool for LVEF assessment, with good correlation when compared to 2‐DE. It may be routinely used as an alternative for patients with poor acoustic visualization and should be performed systematically in patients undergoing myocardial perfusion imaging with Tl‐201. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of Clinical Trial Participation on Subsequent Antithrombin Use
Authors: Shah Bimal R. , Peterson Eric D. , Chen Anita Y. , Mahaffey Kenneth W. , DeLong Elizabeth R. , Magnus Ohman E. , Pollack Charles V. , Brian Gibler W. , Roe Matthew T. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackgroundResults from the Superior Yield of the New Strategy of Enoxaparin, Revascularization, and Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors (SYNERGY) trial showed that the low‐molecular‐weight heparin (LMWH) enoxaparin was non‐inferior compared with unfractionated heparin (UFH) in patients with non‐ST‐elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE‐ACS) managed invasively.HypothesisWe explored the influence of SYNERGY trial site participation on subsequent patterns of heparin use for NSTE‐ACS patients treated in routine practice.MethodsWe examined temporal patterns of LMWH use compared with UFH use among 122 764 patients with NSTE‐ACS enrolled in the Can Rapid Risk Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients Suppress Adverse Outcomes with Early Implementation of the ACC/AHA Guidelines (CRUSADE) quality improvement initiative between January 1, 2002 and June 30, 2006, to determine whether site participation in SYNERGY influenced the type of heparin used before and after publication of the SYNERGY results in July 2004.ResultsA total of 118 out of 388 (30%) U.S. hospitals participating in CRUSADE simultaneously participated in SYNERGY. SYNERGY sites in the CRUSADE registry were more likely to have a teaching affiliation and have more hospital beds than non‐SYNERGY centers in the registry. There was no difference in the proportion of patients treated with LMWH at SYNERGY and non‐SYNERGY sites prior to July 2004 compared with after July 2004. However, at SYNERGY sites, there was a slight decrease in the proportion of patients treated with both UFH and LMWH within 24 hours of presentation.ConclusionsThe results of the SYNERGY trial did not appear to influence temporal patterns of LMWH use at sites in the CRUSADE registry. Furthermore, site participation in the SYNERGY trial did not alter patterns of LMWH use for NSTE‐ACS after publication of the trial results in July 2004. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Targeting FMS‐related tyrosine kinase receptor 3 with the human immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody IMC‐EB10
Authors: Youssoufian Hagop , Rowinsky Eric K. , Tonra James , Li Yiwen 
Published: February 2010

AbstractFMS‐related tyrosine kinase receptor 3 (FLT3) is a class III receptor tyrosine kinase that holds considerable promise as a therapeutic target in hematologic malignancies. Current efforts directed toward the development of small‐molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors of FLT3 may be limited by off‐target toxicities and the development of drug resistance. Target‐specific antibodies could overcome these hurdles and provide additional mechanisms to enhance the antitumor efficacy of FLT3 inhibitors. IMC‐EB10 is a novel antibody directed against FLT3. The binding of IMC‐EB10 to FLT3 results in antiproliferative effects in vitro and in mouse models engrafted with human leukemia cells that harbor wild‐type or constitutively activated FLT3. Future clinical trials will test these notions formally and will identify the most appropriate opportunities for this member of a new generation of antileukemic therapies. Cancer 2010;116(4 suppl):1013–7. © 2010 American Cancer Society.