bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutraceutical activities of Trigonella foenum‐graecum and Nigella sativa seeds in the management of diabetes‐induced in albino rats
Authors: Shahid Fatima , Arshad Ammara , Munir Naveed , Jawad Muhammad 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDiabetes causes elevated blood sugar levels, and it has been categorized as one of the most frequent causes of death worldwide. This work aimed to analyze and compare the nutraceutical and therapeutic efficacy of fenugreek seeds (FSs) (Trigonella foenum‐graecum) and black cumin seeds (BCSs) (Nigella sativa) against streptozotocin‐induced diabetes mellitus in albino rats. FS and BCSs were evaluated for proximate analysis, phytochemicals, and antioxidant activities. Male albino rats were used to evaluate the in vivo antidiabetic activities of these medicinal plants for 42 days. Blood samples were drawn at regular intervals of 1 week to analyze blood glucose, plasma insulin, and cholesterol levels and to determine the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA IR) index. At the end of the trial, pancreas tissue was also collected for histological examination. Results of the proximate analysis showed the significant presence of moisture, ash, fat, protein, and fiber. Antioxidant parameters like 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid content were found to be significant. There was a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in blood glucose level, serum cholesterol level, and insulin resistance in treatment groups T3–T5. Insulin and body weight results of treatment groups were significant (p < 0.05) compared to streptozotocin‐intoxicated animals. Histological examination revealed the nutraceutical impact of selected herbal plants due to enhancing impact on the size and the number of β‐cells in the pancreas. Findings of current research work explore the antidiabetic capacity of selected nutraceutical and medicinal plants.
Exploring the role of clinical and demographic characteristics on the effects of virtual reality cognitive behavioral therapy for psychosis: A moderator analysis
Authors: Berkhof M. , van der Stouwe E. C. D. , Pot‐Kolder R. M. C. A. , van der Gaag M. , Veling W. , Geraets C. N. W. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundVirtual Reality cognitive behavioral therapy (VR‐CBT) has proven to be an effective treatment method for paranoia and anxiety in psychosis. However, it is unknown, which individuals benefit most from VR‐CBT. Previous studies examined factors affecting the treatment effect of regular CBTp, including illness duration, paranoia, depression, and pre‐therapy avoidance behaviors, but results are inconsistent. The study aims to investigate the factors that influence the effectiveness of VR‐CBT.MethodsA total of 95 participants with a psychotic disorder and at least moderate paranoia (GTPS >40) were included in this explorative study. Data were collected as part of a multicenter randomized controlled trial in which participants were assigned to VR‐CBT or treatment as usual (TAU). The VR‐CBT group received 16 sessions of individual treatment. A moderator analysis was conducted to examine the influence of baseline demographic (age, gender, and education level) and clinical characteristics (duration of illness, paranoia, anxiety, depression, safety behavior, self‐esteem, and social functioning) on treatment effects of paranoia and anxiety as measured with questionnaires and the experience sampling method (ESM) directly after treatment (12 weeks after baseline).ResultsMore use of safety behavior at baseline resulted in greater benefits of VR‐CBT on paranoid ideation and ESM paranoia. A higher age was associated with greater benefits of VR‐CBT on social anxiety but not paranoia outcomes. There was no consistent evidence of moderation by any of the other sociodemographic or clinical variables for paranoid ideation and social anxiety.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that a diverse spectrum of patients, with different backgrounds and symptom severity may be able to benefit from VR‐CBT. VR‐CBT can be recommended to a broad spectrum of patients with psychotic disorders, and particularly those with high levels of safety behaviors, including severe avoidance, seem to benefit more.
Conservative interdisciplinary management for a congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisor in an adolescent patient
Authors: Hmud R , Ong DC‐V 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA congenitally missing lateral incisor tooth is commonly associated with both short and long‐term clinical dilemmas, particularly for a growing patient. A unilaterally missing maxillary lateral incisor tooth creates a significant dental asymmetry in the critical aesthetic zone of the smile and potentially increases the difficulty of any subsequent orthodontic and restorative treatment. Carefully planned interdisciplinary management is required to address the challenges of anterior dental asymmetry, unilateral orthodontic space closure and to alleviate the concerns that accompany restorative implant placement in the anterior maxilla. The use of skeletal temporary anchorage devices has increased the predictability of orthodontic space closure, particularly for missing maxillary lateral incisor cases which were previously considered to be unsuitable.
Indicators of rapid adaptation of an exotic aquatic Poaceae to increased salinity
Authors: Silveira Márcio José , Sbais Patrícia Gonçalves , Bora Letícia Siman , Mourão Káthia Socorro Mathias , de Carvalho Harthman Vanessa 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe invasion process and the persistence of invasive species across environments can be explained by their tolerance to stressors, such as salinization. Urochloa arrecta (Poaceae) exhibits high invasive potential and has already established in various natural and artificial aquatic ecosystems. Here, we experimentally evaluate the effects of water salinity on the traits of three exotic populations of U. arrecta derived from naturally occurring populations across a salinity gradient. Specifically, we measured the difference in the number and perimeter of intercellular spaces for individuals from the different populations across three experimental treatments of salinity. Our results demonstrate that high water salinity levels affected anatomical traits in all populations. However, the traits of freshwater populations were the more significantly impacted by increasing salinity compared with populations sampled from naturally higher occurring salinity. Populations of U. arrecta established in places with certain degree of salinity can be more resistance to salt increases compared with populations established in freshwater habitats that are more distant geographically. However, the resistance of freshwater populations to certain high salinity levels suggests that these populations may exhibit rapid adaptation and to survive under some degree of salinity, demonstrating the species' high resilience across various environments.
Evaluation of quality of root canal therapy performed by predoctoral students on endodontic outcome and quality of life of patients
Authors: Wen Clarissa Wong Qi , Saei Nurhanani Mat , Ahanin Elaheh , Teixeira Fabricio B. , Parolia Abhishek 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study evaluated the technical quality (TQ) of root canal therapy (RCT) performed by predoctoral students and its impact on endodontic outcome (EO) and patients' quality of life (QoL). The TQ of RCT done by predoctoral students was evaluated and follow‐up visits were conducted to determine the clinical, radiographic outcome of RCT and patients' QoL. Frequency distribution, multiple regression, independent‐samples t test and one‐way anova were performed. A total of 226 teeth of 164 patients were clinically and radiographically examined. A satisfactory TQ was observed in 130 (57.5%), successful clinical outcomes in 155 (68.6%), successful radiographical outcomes in 206 (91%) and overall successful EO in 150 teeth (66.4%) with 80% of patients reporting a favourable QoL. A significant positive correlation was noted between EO and QoL (p = 0.002) with no significant correlation in between TQ‐RCT and EO (p = 0.07) and TQ‐RCT and QoL (p = 0.316). Successful EO had a positive impact on patients' QoL.
Passive acoustic monitoring of endangered endemic Afromontane tropical species: A case study with two turacos
Authors: Winiarska Dominika , Pérez‐Granados Cristian , Budka Michał , Osiejuk Tomasz S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPassive acoustic monitoring (PAM) is a reliable method for studying the behaviour and ecology of vocally active animals, providing insights into species' activity patterns. Here, we utilised a year‐long recording programme conducted in six areas of the Afromontane tropical forest of Cameroon to assess the utility of PAM, describe the annual and circadian vocal activity patterns, and assess the relationship between vocal activity and climate conditions for two African turaco species: the endemic and Endangered Bannerman's turaco (Tauraco bannermani) and the common, but locally at risk, Great blue turaco (Corythaeola cristata). The automated software detected 8670 vocalisations of Bannerman's turaco and 374 of the Great blue turaco, proving the ability of passive acoustics, coupled with automated software, for monitoring these species. Our findings suggest that both turacos are sedentary and seasonal breeders, exhibiting larger peaks of vocal activity during the dry season, although both species showed smaller activity peaks during the wet season. Similar circadian patterns were observed for both species, with activity peaks occurring at dawn and dusk. Long‐term monitoring programmes of both species should be implemented in the study areas, especially regarding the Great blue turaco, which may soon disappear from Bamenda Highlands.
Three decades of land use and land cover changes in an East African lake and their implications for the conservation of bird communities
Authors: Alemayehu Yismaw , Molla Gashaw , Sadananda Monika 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLand use and land cover (LULC) dynamics using GIS and remote sensing techniques measure extent and spatial structure, which are critical for monitoring biomes. A digital LULC detection technique with multi‐temporal satellite imagery analysis was employed at four timepoints from 1987 to 2017 and performed using supervised classifications method in ERDAS imagine 2015. For image classification, the five major LULC types included forests, built‐up land, agricultural land, water bodies and grasslands. LULC of grasslands, forests and water bodies reduced, while LULC of agricultural and built‐up lands increased. Avifaunal surveys were conducted at 11 sites across the LULC classes to compare species richness and abundance. The decrement of forests and water bodies would result in habitat loss, affecting endemic and threatened avifauna, as forests showed highest avifaunal species diversity (H′ = 3.80). Despite the decrement, grasslands demonstrated higher avifaunal species richness (107) and abundance (2767). Species richness decreased significantly from grasslands to water bodies and agricultural land (p < 0.05), and from forests to agricultural and built‐up land (p < 0.05), and water bodies (p < 0.01). Avifaunal abundance decreased significantly from grasslands to all other LULC classes. Regular LULC change assessment is integral to avifaunal habitat and biodiversity conservation efforts, particularly at Lake Tana.
Menstrual blood loss is an independent determinant of hemoglobin and ferritin levels in premenopausal blood donors
Authors: Ekroos Sofie , Karregat Jan , Toffol Elena , Castrén Johanna , Arvas Mikko , van den Hurk Katja 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionTo prevent blood donors from developing iron deficiency (ferritin <15 μg/L) and subsequent anemia (hemoglobin <120 g/L), blood services rely on information about known risk factors, including the donor's sex and age. For example, while Finnish women are able to donate whole blood with a minimum donation interval of 91 days, women in the 18 to 25‐year‐old age group are recommended to donate no more than once per year. Menstrual blood loss is not accounted for in blood donation interval recommendations, despite being a known risk factor of iron deficiency. We aim to investigate to what extent menstrual bleeding is associated with ferritin and hemoglobin levels in female blood donors, and quantify the association of other menstruation‐related variables not currently accounted for by blood services (i.e., use of hormonal contraception, heavy menstrual bleeding) with iron deficiency or anemia.Material and MethodsThe study population consisted of 473 premenopausal and 491 postmenopausal Dutch whole blood donors. Exclusion criteria were current pregnancy, BMI ≥50, ferritin ≥200, pictorial blood assessment chart (PBAC) ≥400, and age <18 or ≥70 years. Menstrual blood loss was quantified using a PBAC, a semiquantitative method to evaluate the number of used menstrual products and the degree of staining. We identified predictors of log(ferritin)/hemoglobin and iron deficiency/anemia using Bayesian linear and logistic regression models and quantified the average percentage of variance in log(ferritin) and hemoglobin explained by the covariates.ResultsMenstrual blood loss accounted for most of the explained variance in hemoglobin (8%) and second only to the number of days since last donation for ferritin (8%). Heavy menstrual bleeding (PBAC ≥150, OR = 3.56 [1.45–8.85], prevalence 13%) was associated with anemia, and use of levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine device was negatively associated with iron deficiency (OR = 0.06 [0.01–0.44]). After statistical control for menstrual blood loss, age was not associated with iron status.ConclusionsMenstrual blood loss and blood donation were the most important determinants of iron status in premenopausal women. Thus, results suggest that accounting for menstrual blood loss in donation interval guidelines may benefit blood donors.
Editorial: Mucosal healing with steroids—Once upon a time in ulcerative colitis. Authors' reply
Authors: Fukuda Tomohiro , Yamazaki Hajime , Matsuoka Katsuyoshi 
Published: June 2024

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Fukuda et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18013 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18094
Parent stress and social support in a randomized controlled trial of individual versus group parent training for children with HKD/ADHD
Authors: Heubeck B. G. , Richardson A. , Lauth G. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectivesAssess (a) the relative benefit of individual versus group parent training compared to treatment as usual (TAU) with an emphasis on parent outcomes. Investigate (b) if group parent training increases social support more than other modes of treatment and explore (c) how social support interacts with different modes of treatment.MethodCompared individual with group parent training and treatment as usual (TAU) in a randomized controlled trial for N = 237 children with Hyperkinetic Disorder/Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (HKD/ADHD). Employed two formats of the same cognitive‐behavioural parent training in the same settings to maximize comparability. Controlled for medication status and assessed changes from pre‐ to post‐treatment and 6‐month follow‐up.ResultsParents reported more positive changes in the parent training groups than in TAU in relation to child behaviour problems and moodiness as well as more positive changes in parent stress and sense of competence. However, gains on parent stress were limited after group training as were gains on satisfaction. Social support improved similarly in all treatment groups. While results indicated clear main effects of social support on all child and parent measures, interactions of social support and treatment outcomes were found for child moodiness and parent stress.ConclusionsCognitive‐behavioural parent training is beneficial beyond TAU, especially when it can be provided individually. Surprisingly, group training did not reduce parent stress more than TAU or individual training. Social support related to all measures and interacted with treatment on some outcomes. The findings have numerous implications for research and practice.
Unifying functional and population ecology to test the adaptive value of traits
Authors: Laughlin Daniel C. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTPlant strategies are phenotypes shaped by natural selection that enable populations to persist in a given environment. Plant strategy theory is essential for understanding the assembly of plant communities, predicting plant responses to climate change, and enhancing the restoration of our degrading biosphere. However, models of plant strategies vary widely and have tended to emphasize either functional traits or life‐history traits at the expense of integrating both into a general framework to improve our ecological and evolutionary understanding of plant form and function. Advancing our understanding of plant strategies will require investment in two complementary research agendas that together will unify functional ecology and population ecology. First, we must determine what is phenotypically possible by quantifying the dimensionality of plant traits. This step requires dense taxonomic sampling of traits on species representing the broad diversity of phylogenetic clades, environmental gradients, and geographical regions found across Earth. It is important that we continue to sample traits locally and share data globally to fill biased gaps in trait databases. Second, we must test the power of traits for explaining species distributions, demographic rates, and population growth rates across gradients of resource limitation, disturbance regimes, temperature, vegetation density, and frequencies of other strategies. This step requires thoughtful, theory‐driven empiricism. Reciprocal transplant experiments beyond the native range and synthetic demographic modelling are the most powerful methods to determine how trait‐by‐environment interactions influence fitness. Moving beyond easy‐to‐measure traits and evaluating the traits that are under the strongest ecological selection within different environmental contexts will improve our understanding of plant adaptations. Plant strategy theory is poised to (i) unpack the multiple dimensions of productivity and disturbance gradients and differentiate adaptations to climate and resource limitation from adaptations to disturbance, (ii) distinguish between the fundamental and realized niches of phenotypes, and (iii) articulate the distinctions and relationships between functional traits and life‐history traits.
Topological Characterization and Uncertainty Visualization of Atmospheric Rivers
Authors: Lan Fangfei , Gamelin Brandi , Yan Lin , Wang Jiali , Wang Bei , Guo Hanqi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAtmospheric rivers (ARs) are long, narrow regions of water vapor in the Earth's atmosphere that transport heat and moisture from the tropics to the mid‐latitudes. ARs are often associated with extreme weather events in North America and contribute significantly to water supply and flood risk. However, characterizing ARs has been a major challenge due to the lack of a universal definition and their structural variations. Existing AR detection tools (ARDTs) produce distinct AR boundaries for the same event, making the risk assessment of ARs a difficult task. Understanding these uncertainties is crucial to improving the predictability of AR impacts, including their landfall areas and associated precipitation, which could cause catastrophic flooding and landslides over the coastal regions. In this work, we develop an uncertainty visualization framework that captures boundary and interior uncertainties, i.e., structural variations, of an ensemble of ARs that arise from a set of ARDTs. We first provide a statistical overview of the AR boundaries using the contour boxplots of Whitaker et al. that highlight the structural variations of AR boundaries based on their nesting relationships. We then introduce the topological skeletons of ARs based on Morse complexes that characterize the interior variation of an ensemble of ARs. We propose an uncertainty visualization of these topological skeletons, inspired by MetroSets of Jacobson et al. that emphasizes the agreements and disagreements across the ensemble members. Through case studies and expert feedback, we demonstrate that the two approaches complement each other, and together they could facilitate an effective comparative analysis process and provide a more confident outlook on an AR's shape, area, and onshore impact.
Antarstick: Extracting Snow Height From Time‐Lapse Photography
Authors: Lang Matěj , Mráz Radoslav , Trtík Marek , Stoppel Sergej , Byška Jan , Kozlíková Barbora 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe evolution and accumulation of snow cover are among the most important characteristics influencing Antarctica's climate and biotopes. The changes in Antarctica are also substantially impacting global climate change. Therefore, detailed monitoring of snow evolution is key to understanding such changes. One way to conduct this monitoring is by installing trail cameras in a particular region and then processing the captured information. This option is affordable, but has some drawbacks, such as the fully automatic solution for the extraction of snow height from these images is not feasible. Therefore, it still requires human intervention, manually correcting the inaccurately extracted information. In this paper, we present Antarstick, a tool for visual guidance of the user to potentially wrong values extracted from poor‐quality images and support for their interactive correction. This tool allows for much quicker and semi‐automated processing of snow height from time‐lapse photography.
GerontoVis: Data Visualization at the Confluence of Aging
Authors: While Zack , Crouser R. Jordan , Sarvghad Ali 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDespite the explosive growth of the aging population worldwide, older adults have been largely overlooked by visualization research. This paper is a critical reflection on the underrepresentation of older adults in visualization research. We discuss why investigating visualization at the intersection of aging matters, why older adults may have been omitted from sample populations in visualization research, how aging may affect visualization use, and how this differs from traditional accessibility research. To encourage further discussion and novel scholarship in this area, we introduce GerontoVis, a term which encapsulates research and practice of data visualization design that primarily focuses on older adults. By introducing this new subfield of visualization research, we hope to shine a spotlight on this growing user population and stimulate innovation toward the development of aging‐aware visualization tools. We offer a birds‐eye view of the GerontoVis landscape, explore some of its unique challenges, and identify promising areas for future research.