bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preventive and therapeutic anti‐inflammatory properties of the sesquiterpene α‐humulene in experimental airways allergic inflammation
Authors: Rogerio Alexandre P. , Andrade Edinéia L. , Leite Daniela F.P. , Figueiredo Cláudia P. , Calixto João B. 
Published: May 2009

Background and purpose: α‐Humulene andtrans‐caryophyllene are plant sesquiterpenes with pronounced anti‐inflammatory properties. Here, we evaluated the effects of these compounds in an experimental model of airways allergic inflammation.Experimental approach: Female BALB/c mice, sensitized to and challenged with ovalbumin received daily α‐humulene ortrans‐caryophyllene (50 mg·kg−1, orally) or α‐humulene (1 mg·mL−1, by aerosol) as either a preventive (for 22 days) or therapeutic (from the 18th to the 22nd day) treatment. Dexamethasone or budesonide was used as a positive control drug. Inflammation was determined on day 22 post‐immunization by leukocyte recruitment, interleukin‐5 (IL‐5), CCL11, interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) and leukotriene (LT)B4levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). In addition, transcription factors [nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB), activator protein 1 (AP‐1)] and P‐selectin in lung tissue were measured by immunohistochemistry and mucus secretion by histochemistry.Key results: Preventive or therapeutic treatments with α‐humulene, but not withtrans‐caryophyllene, significantly reduced the eosinophil recruitment to the BALF. In addition, α‐humulene recovery INF‐γ and reduced the IL‐5, CCL11 and LTB4levels in BALF, as well as the IL‐5 production in mediastinal lymph nodes (in vitroassay). Furthermore, α‐humulene decreased the NF‐kB and the AP‐1 activation, the expression of P‐selectin and the increased mucus secretion in the lung.Conclusions and implications: α‐Humulene, given either orally or by aerosol, exhibited marked anti‐inflammatory properties in a murine model of airways allergic inflammation, an effect that seemed to be mediated via reduction of inflammatory mediators, adhesion molecule expression and transcription factors activation.This article is part of a themed issue on Mediators and Receptors in the Resolution of Inflammation. To view this issue visithttp://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/121548564/issueyear?year=2009
The influence of age on the distribution of morphine and morphine‐3‐glucuronide across the blood–brain barrier in sheep
Authors: Bengtsson J , Ederoth P , Ley D , Hansson S , Amer‐Wåhlin I , Hellström‐Westas L , Marsál K , Nordström C‐H , Hammarlund‐Udenaes M 
Published: May 2009

Background and purpose: The effect of age on the distribution of morphine and morphine‐3‐glucuronide (M3G) across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) was studied in a sheep model utilizing intracerebral microdialysis. The effect of neonatal asphyxia on brain drug distribution was also studied.Experimental approach: Microdialysis probes were inserted into the cortex, striatum and blood of 11 lambs (127 gestation days) and six ewes. Morphine, 1 mg·kg−1, was intravenously administered as a 10 min constant infusion. Microdialysis and blood samples were collected for up to 360 min and analysed using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. The half‐life, clearance, volume of distribution, unbound drug brain : blood distribution ratio (Kp,uu) and unbound drug volume of distribution in brain (Vu,brain) were estimated.Key results: Morphine Kp,uuwas 1.19 and 1.89 for the sheep and premature lambs, respectively, indicating that active influx into the brain decreases with age. Induced asphyxia did not affect transport of morphine or M3G across the BBB. Morphine Vu,brainmeasurements were higher in sheep than in premature lambs. The M3G Kp,uuvalues were 0.27 and 0.17 in sheep and premature lambs, indicating a net efflux from the brain in both groups.Conclusions and implications: The morphine Kp,uuwas above unity, indicating active transport into the brain; influx was significantly higher in premature lambs than in adult sheep. These results in sheep differ from those in humans, rats, mice and pigs where a net efflux of morphine from the brain is observed.
Clinical Significance of IgG Antibody Titer against Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Tatemichi Masayuki , Sasazuki Shizuka , Inoue Manami , Tsugane Shoichiro ,   for the JPHC Study Group
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackground: We clarified the clinical significance of measurement of IgG antibody titers against Helicobacter pylori using data from a nested case–control study from a large‐scale cohort study in Japan.Method: Participants included 36,745 subjects from the Japan Health Center‐based Prospective Study who responded to the baseline questionnaire and provided a blood sample. Subjects were aged 40–69 years and were followed over 15 years after initial sampling. Controls were matched to 511 gastric cancer patients. Plasma surface antigen (Hp)‐IgG titer was measured using ELISA, and mucosal atrophy was determined by measuring pepsinogen I and II levels.Results: Seropositive subjects with low Hp‐IgG titer and mucosal atrophy showed a higher risk for gastric cancer than high‐titer subjects. Odds ratio (OR) referred to cases with true negative IgG titers and no mucosal atrophy. In moderately atrophic subjects, the low titer OR was 19.0, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 7.7–46.9, and 12.5 for high titer, with a 95% CI of 5.2–30.0. In severely atrophic subjects, the low titer OR was almost double that of high‐titer subjects (OR = 30.2, 95% CI = 12.4–73.7 and OR = 15.9, 95% CI = 6.3–40.3, respectively). These associations were observed more frequently for differentiated than undifferentiated gastric cancer.Conclusion: Combination assay with Hp‐IgG titer and pepsinogens may help identify groups at high risk for gastric cancer. Subjects with low Hp‐IgG titer and mucosal atrophy were at extremely high risk for gastric cancer, particularly differentiated cancer. Subjects with this background may require ongoing observation and periodic endoscopic examination for early cancer detection.
Single‐pulse electrical stimulation helps to identify epileptogenic cortex in children
Authors: Flanagan Danny , Valentín Antonio , García Seoane Jorge J. , Alarcón Gonzalo , Boyd Stewart G. 
Published: May 2009

SummaryPurpose:  The usefulness of single‐pulse electrical stimulation (SPES) during intracranial recordings was evaluated in a pediatric population. This method is useful in identifying epileptogenic cortex in adult subjects.Methods:  We studied 35 children who were undergoing intracranial electroencephalography (EEG) recordings from two hospitals (King’s College Hospital and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Sick Children, London, United Kingdom). In each patient we studied all available contacts using a series of 10 or more single, brief (1 ms) electrical stimuli. The cortical responses were reviewed in detail. The data were examined for associations between response type, ictal onset zone, lesion boundary, and seizure outcome.Results:  We identified cortical responses to SPES that were similar to those reported in adults. In agreement with previous studies we found that two types of responses (“delayed” and “repetitive” responses) were associated with the ictal onset zone and the area of the presumed epileptogenic lesion. When these responses were present (54% of cases), the removal of the entire area responsible for the abnormal responses to SPES was associated with good outcome.Conclusion:  Cortical responses to SPES in children provide new and additional information in the investigation of epileptogenic cortex in children during assessment for epilepsy surgery. This may improve the outcome for this difficult but important group.
Multidrug‐resistant genotype (ABCB1) and seizure recurrence in newly treated epilepsy: Data from international pharmacogenetic cohorts
Authors: Szoeke Cassandra , Sills Graeme J. , Kwan Patrick , Petrovski Slave , Newton Mark , Hitiris Nikolas , Baum Larry , Berkovic Samuel F. , Brodie Martin J. , Sheffield Leslie J. , O’Brien Terence J. 
Published: May 2009

SummaryPurpose:  The association between a specific polymorphism (3435C>T) in the ABCB1 gene, coding for the membrane drug transporter P‐glycoprotein (PgP), and pharmacoresistance to seizure control is controversial. Studies have been limited by multiple drug use, chronic cohorts with varying definitions, and retrospective clinical data. Herein we examine the relationship of this polymorphism with seizure recurrence in three independent international cohorts of patients newly treated for epilepsy.Methods:  Data were collected on demographics, medication details, and seizure control after 12 months of treatment. The distribution of ABCB1 3435C>T genotypes was compared between patients with and without recurrent unprovoked seizures.Results:  Five hundred forty‐two newly treated patients were enrolled (212 from Australia, 285 from Scotland, and 45 from Hong Kong). A total of 38.4% had recurrent unprovoked seizures after starting antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment. Genotype frequencies and ethnicity did not differ between the Scottish and Australian cohorts, but both were significantly different in the Hong Kong cohort. There was no significant relationship between the ABCB1 3435C>T genotype and the rate of recurrence of unprovoked seizures in the three cohorts individually or combined; however the epilepsy syndrome and a greater number of seizures pretreatment was associated with an increased risk of seizure recurrence.Conclusions:  The ABCB1 3435C>T genotype does not have a major role in determining the efficacy of seizure control with initial AED therapy. The study highlights issues that arise in combining pharmacogenetic datasets from different ethnic regions and health systems, an approach that is essential to advance this field.
Kv4.2 knockout mice demonstrate increased susceptibility to convulsant stimulation
Authors: Barnwell L. Forbes S. , Lugo Joaquin N. , Lee Wai L. , Willis Sarah E. , Gertz Shira J. , Hrachovy Richard A. , Anderson Anne E. 
Published: May 2009

SummaryPurpose:  Kv4.2 subunits contribute to the pore‐forming region of channels that express a transient, A‐type K+ current (A‐current) in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cell dendrites. Here, the A‐current plays an important role in signal processing and synaptic integration. Kv4.2 knockout mice show a near elimination of the A‐current in area CA1 dendrites, producing increased excitability in this region. In these studies, we evaluated young adult Kv4.2 knockout mice for spontaneous seizures and the response to convulsant stimulation in the whole animal in vivo and in hippocampal slices in vitro.Methods:  Electroencephalogram electrode‐implanted Kv4.2 knockout and wild‐type mice were observed for spontaneous behavioral and electrographic seizures. The latency to seizure and status epilepticus onset in Kv4.2 knockout and wild‐type mice was assessed following intraperitoneal injection of kainate. Extracellular field potential recordings were performed in hippocampal slices from Kv4.2 knockout and wild‐type mice following the bath application of bicuculline.Results:  No spontaneous behavioral or electrographic seizures were observed in Kv4.2 knockout mice. Following kainate, Kv4.2 knockout mice demonstrated a decreased seizure and status epilepticus latency as well as increased mortality compared to wild‐type littermates. The background strain modified the seizure susceptibility phenotype in Kv4.2 knockout mice. In response to bicuculline, slices from Kv4.2 knockout mice exhibited an increase in epileptiform bursting in area CA1 as compared to wild‐type littermates.Discussion:  These studies show that loss of Kv4.2 channels is associated with enhanced susceptibility to convulsant stimulation, supporting the concept that Kv4.2 deficiency may contribute to aberrant network excitability and regulate seizure threshold.
Probiotic‐associated high‐titer anti‐B in a group A platelet donor as a cause of severe hemolytic transfusion reactions
Authors: Daniel‐Johnson Jennifer , Leitman Susan , Klein Harvey , Alter Harvey , Lee‐Stroka Agnes , Scheinberg Phillip , Pantin Jeremy , Quillen Karen 
Published: May 2009

BACKGROUND: Hemolytic transfusion reactions (HTRs) can occur with transfusion of platelets (PLTs) containing ABO‐incompatible plasma. Reported cases have involved group O donors. Two cases of PLT‐mediated HTRs associated with the same group A plateletpheresis component, collected from a donor taking high doses of probiotics are reported.CASE REPORT: Case 1 was a 40‐year‐old 69‐kg group B stem cell transplant patient who received one‐half of a group A plateletpheresis component. Severe back pain occurred 10 minutes into the transfusion, accompanied by anemia and hyperbilirubinemia. Case 2 was a 5‐year‐old 26‐kg group B male with aplastic anemia who received the other half of the same plateletpheresis component, volume reduced to 37 mL. Syncope occurred immediately after the transfusion, with laboratory evidence of hemolysis a few hours later.RESULTS: Serologic investigation of posttransfusion samples from both patients revealed positive direct antiglobulin tests: C3d only for Case 1 and immunoglobulin (Ig)G and C3d for Case 2; the eluates contained anti‐B. The group A donor's anti‐B titer was 16,384 at saline and IgG phases. Donor lookback revealed that the donor had donated 134 apheresis PLTs over many years. For 3 years, he had intermittently taken probiotics; 3 weeks before the index donation, he began taking three tablets of probiotics every day. Lookback of prior group B recipients uncovered a case of acute hemolysis that was not recognized at the time. The solubilized probiotic inhibited anti‐B in vitro.CONCLUSION: Non–group O PLT donors can have high‐titer anti‐A or anti‐B that might mediate HTRs, and probiotic ingestion in blood donors represents a novel mechanism of stimulating high‐titer anti‐B.
Usefulness of Multichannel Holter ECG Recording in the Third Intercostal Space for Detecting Type 1 Brugada ECG: Comparison with Repeated 12‐Lead ECGs
Authors: SHIMENO KENJI , TAKAGI MASAHIKO , MAEDA KEIKO , TATSUMI HIROAKI , DOI ATSUSHI , YOSHIYAMA MINORU 
Published: May 2009

Introduction: Type 1 Brugada ECG is essential for the diagnosis of Brugada syndrome. We aimed to evaluate the usefulness of multichannel Holter ECG recording in the third intercostal space for detecting type 1 Brugada ECG.
Methods and Results: We enrolled 60 consecutive individuals with type 1 Brugada ECG and 31 individuals with type 2 or 3 Brugada ECG, in the presence or absence of Na+ channel blockers. All individuals underwent 12‐lead ECGs recorded in the standard position and the third intercostal space at least 5 times every 3 months (4L‐ECGs, 3L‐ECGs, respectively) and multichannel Holter ECG. On multichannel Holter ECG, the precordial electrodes were attached at standard positions (4L‐Holter) and the third intercostal space (3L‐Holter) for leads V1 and V2. Among the 60 individuals, type 1 Brugada ECG in 4L‐ECGs, 3L‐ECGs, 4L‐Holter, and 3L‐Holter was detected in 15 (25%), 26 (43.3%), 23 (38.3%), and 33 individuals (55%), respectively, whereas detected in none of the 31 individuals. The documented duration of type 1 Brugada ECG on 3L‐Holter was significantly longer than that on 4L‐Holter (700 ± 467 vs 372 ± 422 min; P = 0.01, 3L‐Holter vs 4L‐Holter, respectively), and type 1 Brugada ECG was most frequently observed between 6 pm and 12 pm. Neither the presence nor the duration of the appearance of type 1 Brugada ECG differed significantly between symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals.
Conclusion: Multichannel Holter ECG recording in the third intercostal space is more sensitive and useful for the diagnosis of type 1 Brugada ECG than repeated 12‐lead ECGs or multichannel Holter ECG in the standard position.
Co‐culture with mesenchymal stromal cells increases proliferation and maintenance of haematopoietic progenitor cells
Authors: Walenda Thomas , Bork Simone , Horn Patrick , Wein Frederik , Saffrich Rainer , Diehlmann Anke , Eckstein Volker , Ho Anthony D. , Wagner Wolfgang 
Published: May 2009

AbstractMesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have been suggested to provide a suitable cellular environment for in vitro expansion of haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HPC) from umbilical cord blood. In this study, we have simultaneously analysed the cell division history and immunophenotypic differentiation of HPC by using cell division tracking with carboxyfluorescein diacetate N‐succinimidyl ester (CFSE). Co‐culture with MSC greatly enhanced proliferation of human HPC, especially of the more primitive CD34+CD38− fraction. Without co‐culture CD34 and CD133 expressions decreased after several cell divisions, whereas CD38 expression was up‐regulated after some cell divisions and then diminished in fast proliferating cells. Co‐culture with MSC maintained a primitive immunophenotype (CD34+, CD133+ and CD38−) for more population doublings, whereas up‐regulation of differentiation markers (CD13, CD45 and CD56) in HPC was delayed to higher numbers of cell divisions. Especially MSC of early cell passages maintained CD34 expression in HPC over more cell divisions, whereas MSC of higher passages further enhanced their proliferation rate. Inhibition of mitogen‐activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) impaired proliferation and differentiation of HPC, but not maintenance of long‐term culture initiating cells. siRNA knockdown of N‐cadherin and VCAM1 in feeder layer cells increased the fraction of slow dividing HPC, whereas knockdown of integrin beta 1 (ITGB1) and CD44 impaired their differentiation. In conclusion, MSC support proliferation as well as self‐renewal of HPC with primitive immunophenotype. The use of early passages of MSC and genetic manipulation of proteins involved in HPC–MSC interaction might further enhance cord blood expansion on MSC.
The renin–angiotensin system as a primary cause of polyarteritis nodosa in rats
Authors: Peters Barbara S. , Kuttler Beate , Beineke Andreas , Lorenz Gerd , Thiele Andrea , Nicolai Oliver , Rettig Rainer , Mullins John J. , Peters Jörg 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPolyarteritis nodosa is a necrotizing vasculitis of medium‐sized arteries of unknown origin. Hypertension is present in 30% of patients with polyarteritis nodosa. In those cases, high renin levels are thought to be secondary to renal involvement. The present study was performed to identify causal factors of polyarteritis nodosa. In cyp1a1ren‐2 transgenic rats, vasculitis of medium‐sized arteries resembling classical polyarteritis nodosa can be induced. In this model, oral administration of indole‐3‐carbinol (I3C) activates the liver‐specific cyp1a1 promoter, leading to prorenin expression in a dose‐dependent manner. After the first 6 weeks of chronic induction with 0.125% I3C, the mean arterial pressure reached a plateau of about 170 mmHg. Ten out of 11 I3C‐treated rats, which were chronically instrumented with a telemetric device to measure blood pressure, developed polyarteritis nodosa within 10 weeks of I3C treatment. I3C alone or instrumentation alone did not cause polyarteritis nodosa. The angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor captopril completely prevented the development of polyarteritis nodosa, indicating that local angiotensin II generation is a pathogenetic factor in this model. The renin–angiotensin system can play a primary role in the development of polyarteritis nodosa in rats.
The age dependence of the size–stellar mass relation and some implications
Authors: Shankar Francesco , Bernardi Mariangela 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
We use a sample of about 48000 Sloan Digital Sky Survey early-type galaxies to show that older galaxies have smaller half-light radii Re and larger velocity dispersions σ than younger ones of the same stellar mass Mstar. We use the age-corrected luminosity Lcorrr as a proxy for Mstar to minimize biases: below Lcorrr∼ 1011L⊙, galaxies with age ∼11 Gyrs have Re smaller by 40 per cent and σ larger by 25 per cent, compared to galaxies that are 4 Gyr younger. The sizes and velocity dispersions of more luminous galaxies vary by less than 15 per cent, whatever their age, a challenge for current galaxy formation models. A closer check reveals that the lowering in the dispersion is caused by older galaxies that show a significant departure from the Re−Lcorrr and σ−Lcorrr relations at high Lcorrr. Such features might find an explanation in models where more massive galaxies undergo more minor mergers than less massive galaxies at late times, thus causing a break in the homology. In terms of the Fundamental Plane of early-type galaxies, the data indicate that all galaxies show a significant and similar increase in the dynamical-to-stellar mass ratio with increasing mass, independent of their age. However, older galaxies have smaller Mdyn/Mstar ratios than objects which formed more recently. These findings may suggest that lower mass galaxies and, at fixed stellar mass, higher redshift galaxies, formed from gas-richer progenitors, thus underwent more dissipation and contraction.
Developmentally Effective Experiences for Promoting Self‐Authorship
Authors: King Patricia M. , Baxter Magolda Marcia B. , Barber James P. , Brown Marie Kendall , Lindsay Nathan K. 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACTABSTRACT—Many national studies have identified types of experiences that are associated with enhancing college students’ learning. This study contributes to the small but growing body of research on transformative educational experiences that assist and enable college students to develop ways of understanding and being in the world that help them adapt and respond to life's complexities and prepare for future civic, occupational, and family roles. The focus of this exploratory study is on those experiences that had a positive impact on college students’ development toward self‐authorship (Baxter Magolda, 2001; Kegan, 1994). Using interview data from the Wabash National Study of Liberal Arts Education, we analyzed 300 selected experiences from 174 students. We found that students’ approaches to interpreting and understanding their experiences was the major student characteristic that affected their learning (the effect of the experience). We then mapped these findings onto a sequenced developmental curriculum designed to promote self‐authorship.
Fin‐de‐Siècle Advances in Neuroeducation: Henry Herbert Donaldson and Reuben Post Halleck
Authors: Théodoridou Zoë D. , Triarhou Lazaros C. 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACTABSTRACT—This article focuses on two early attempts at bridging neuroscience and education, made by Henry Herbert Donaldson (1857–1938), a neurologist, and Reuben Post Halleck (1859–1936), an educator. Their works, respectively entitled The Growth of the Brain: A Study of the Nervous System in Relation to Education (1895) and The Education of the Central Nervous System: A Study of Foundations, Especially of Sensory and Motor Training (1896), witness early attempts at opening up paths for the application of neurobiological findings to education. We provide an exposé of select points from their monographs; published only 1 year apart, both texts constitute significant testimonies of that Zeitgeist. They shed light on contemporary discussions about gender, neuroplasticity, critical periods, nature and nurture, and sleep/awake rhythms and provide a much needed perspective on the difficulties of founding the new inter‐ and transdisciplinary field of neuroeducation.