bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Land–Atmosphere Coupling Strength in the Global Forecast System
Authors: Zhang Li , Dirmeyer Paul A. , Wei Jiangfeng , Guo Zhichang , Lu Cheng-Hsuan 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
The operational coupled land–atmosphere forecast model from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) is evaluated for the strength and characteristics of its coupling in the water cycle between land and atmosphere. Following the protocols of the Global Land–Atmosphere Coupling Experiment (GLACE) it is found that the Global Forecast System (GFS) atmospheric model coupled to the Noah land surface model exhibits extraordinarily weak land–atmosphere coupling, much as its predecessor, the GFS–Oregon State University (OSU) coupled system. The coupling strength is evaluated by the ability of subsurface soil wetness to affect locally the time series of precipitation. The surface fluxes in Noah are also found to be rather insensitive to subsurface soil wetness. Comparison to another atmospheric model coupled to Noah as well as a different land surface model show that Noah is responsible for some of the lack of sensitivity, primarily because its thick (10 cm) surface layer dominates the variability in surface latent heat fluxes. Noah is found to be as responsive as other land surface models to surface soil wetness and temperature variations, suggesting the design of the GLACE sensitivity experiment (based only on subsurface soil wetness) handicapped the Noah model. Additional experiments, in which the parameterization of evapotranspiration is altered, as well as experiments where surface soil wetness is also constrained, isolate the GFS atmospheric model as the principal source of the weak sensitivity of precipitation to land surface states.
The appraisal of lift passenger demand in modern office buildings
Authors: Peters Richard , Smith Rory , Evans Elizabeth 
Published: November 2010

The number of passengers wanting to use lifts to travel to and from the lobby and between floors in a building has a significant effect on the quality of lift service experienced by each passenger. The traditional assumptions of lift passenger demand in office buildings are compared to measurements taken in modern buildings. The differences between traditional and modern patterns of passenger demand in office buildings are discussed. The significance of these differences on lift system design is explored. In office buildings surveyed, the daily pattern of passenger demand repeats itself with a high degree of consistency; buildings can be described as having their own demand ‘signatures’. Practical applications: Designing lift systems based on modern traffic patterns and traffic levels will result in systems with characteristics that are different from those designed using traditional traffic expectations. Applying the traffic data in this paper will result in a more accurate prediction of a lift system’s performance. Control system designers can use the traffic data to design dispatcher algorithms that can better respond to modern traffic conditions.
Rehabilitation of Syndesmotic (High) Ankle Sprains
Authors: Williams Glenn N. , Allen Eric J. 
Published: November 2010

Context: High ankle sprains are common in athletes who play contact sports. Most high ankle sprains are treated nonsurgically with a rehabilitation program. Evidence Acquisition: All years of PUBMED, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CINAHL PLUS, SPORTDiscuss, Google Scholar, and Web of Science were searched to August 2010, cross-referencing existing publications. Keywords included syndesmosis ankle sprain or high ankle sprain and the following terms: rehabilitation, treatment, cryotherapy, braces, orthosis, therapeutic modalities, joint mobilization, massage, pain, pain medications, TENS (ie, transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation), acupuncture, aquatic therapy, strength, neuromuscular training, perturbation training, and outcomes. Results: Level of evidence, 5. A 3-phase rehabilitation program is described. The acute phase is directed at protecting the joint while minimizing pain, inflammation, muscle weakness, and loss of motion. Most patients are treated with some form of immobilization and have weightbearing restrictions. A range of therapeutic modalities are used to minimize pain and inflammation. Gentle mobilization and resistance exercises are used to gain mobility and maintain muscle size and strength. The subacute phase is directed at normalizing range of motion, strength, and function in activities of daily living. Progressive mobilization and strengthening are hallmarks of this phase. Neuromuscular training is begun and becomes the central component of rehabilitation. The advanced training phase focuses on preparing the patient for return to sports participation. Perturbation of support surfaces, agility drills, plyometrics, and sport-specific training are central components of this phase. Conclusion: The rehabilitation guidelines discussed may assist clinicians in managing syndesmotic ankle sprains.
Immunosuppressive CD14+HLA-DRlow/− monocytes in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Lin Yi , Gustafson Michael P. , Bulur Peggy A. , Gastineau Dennis A. , Witzig Thomas E. , Dietz Allan B. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractImmunosuppression is a known risk factor for B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), yet mechanisms of tumor-associated immunosuppression remain to be fully characterized. We examined the immunophenotype of 40 NHL patients and 27 age-matched healthy volunteers to better understand systemic immune suppression. NHL peripheral blood mononuclear cells had significantly decreased interferon-γ production and proliferation. This suppression was not the result of regulatory T cells, interleukin-6 or interleukin-10, as these factors were not different between NHL and healthy volunteers (controls). We were able to restore T-cell proliferation by removing NHL monocytes, suggesting that these monocytes are suppressive. This suppression was mediated in part through arginine metabolism as exogenous arginine supplementation partially overcame monocytes' suppression of T-cell proliferation in vitro and NHL patients had elevated arginase I in their plasma. NHL monocytes had impaired STAT1 phosphorylation and interferon-α production to CpG stimulation and a dendritic cell differentiation deficiency. Further studies demonstrated that monocytes from NHL patients had decreased HLA-DR and Tumor necrosis factor-α receptor II (CD120b) expression compared with controls (CD14+HLA-DRlow/−CD120blow). Patients with increased ratios of CD14+HLA-DRlow/− monocytes had more aggressive disease and suppressed immune functions. In summary, we report that CD14+HLA-DRlow/− monocytes are a major and multifactorial contributor to systemic immunosuppression in NHL.
Laminin-511 and integrin beta-1 in hair follicle development and basal cell carcinoma formation
Authors: DeRouen Mindy C , Zhen Hanson , Tan Si Hui , Williams Samantha , Marinkovich M Peter , Oro Anthony E 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Background
Initiation of the hair follicle placode and its subsequent growth, maturation and cycling in post-natal skin requires signaling interactions between epithelial cells and adjacent dermal cells and involves Shh signaling via the primary cilium. Previous reports have implicated laminins in hair follicle epithelial invagination.

Results
Here we use a human BCC model system and mouse mutants to re-evaluate the role of laminin-511 in epithelial invagination in the skin. Blocking laminin 511 and 332 in BCCs maintains primary cilia and Shh signalling, but prevents invagination. Similarly, in laminin-511 and dermal beta-1 integrin mutants, dermal papilla development and primary cilia formation are normal. Dermal beta-1 integrin mutants have normal hair follicle development.

Conclusions
Our data provides support for a primary role of laminin-511 promoting hair follicle epithelial downgrowth without affecting dermal primary cilia and Shh target gene induction.
Transitional fossil earwigs - a missing link in Dermaptera evolution
Authors: Zhao Jingxia , Zhao Yunyun , Shih Chungkun , Ren Dong , Wang Yongjie 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe Dermaptera belongs to a group of winged insects of uncertain relationship within Polyneoptera, which has expanded anal region and adds numerous anal veins in the hind wing. Evolutional history and origin of Dermaptera have been in contention.ResultsIn this paper, we report two new fossil earwigs in a new family of Bellodermatidae fam. nov. The fossils were collected from the Jiulongshan Formation (Middle Jurassic) in Inner Mongolia, northeast China. This new family, characterized by an unexpected combination of primitive and derived characters, is bridging the missing link between suborders of Archidermaptera and Eodermaptera. Phylogenetic analyses support the new family to be a new clade at the base of previously defined Eodermaptera and to be a stem group of (Eodermaptera+Neodermaptera).ConclusionEvolutional history and origin of Dermaptera have been in contention, with dramatically different viewpoints by contemporary authors. It is suggested that the oldest Dermaptera might possibly be traced back to the Late Triassic-Early Jurassic and they had divided into Archidermaptera and (Eodermaptera+Neodermaptera) in the Middle Jurassic.
A three-phase in-vitro system for studying Pseudomonas aeruginosa adhesion and biofilm formation upon hydrogel contact lenses
Authors: Rändler Claudia , Matthes Rutger , McBain Andrew J , Giese Bernd , Fraunholz Martin , Sietmann Rabea , Kohlmann Thomas , Hübner Nils-Olaf , Kramer Axel 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Background

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is commonly associated with contact lens (CL) -related eye infections, for which bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation upon hydrogel CLs is a specific risk factor. Whilst P. aeruginosa has been widely used as a model organism for initial biofilm formation on CLs, in-vitro models that closely reproduce in-vivo conditions have rarely been presented.

Results
In the current investigation, a novel in-vitro biofilm model for studying the adherence of P. aeruginosa to hydrogel CLs was established. Nutritional and interfacial conditions similar to those in the eye of a CL wearer were created through the involvement of a solid:liquid and a solid:air interface, shear forces and a complex artificial tear fluid. Bioburdens varied depending on the CL material and biofilm maturation occurred after 72 h incubation. Whilst a range of biofilm morphologies were visualised including dispersed and adherent bacterial cells, aggregates and colonies embedded in extracellular polymer substances (EPS), EPS fibres, mushroom-like formations, and crystalline structures, a compact and heterogeneous biofilm morphology predominated on all CL materials.

Conclusions
In order to better understand the process of biofilm formation on CLs and to test the efficacy of CL care solutions, representative in-vitro biofilm models are required. Here, we present a three-phase biofilm model that simulates the environment in the eye of a CL wearer and thus generates biofilms which resemble those commonly observed in-situ.
Mycoplasma hyorhinisinfection in gastric carcinoma and its effects on the malignant phenotypes of gastric cancer cells
Authors: Yang Hua , Qu Like , Ma Huachong , Chen Ling , Liu Wenbin , Liu Caiyun , Meng Lin , Wu Jian , Shou Chengchao 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Background

Mycoplasma hyorhinis infection has been postulated to play a role in the development of several types of cancer, but the direct evidence and mechanism remained to be determined.

Methods
Immunohistochemistry assay and nested polymerase-chain reaction (PCR) were performed to examine the mycoplasma hyorhinis infection in gastric cancer tissues. Statistical analysis was used to check the association between mycoplasma infection and clinicopathologic parameters. Transwell chamber assay and metastasis assay were used to evaluate mycoplasma hyorhinis' effects on metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Mycoplasma hyorhinis-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation were investigated by Western blot.

Results
Mycoplasma hyorhinis infection in gastric cancer tissues was revealed and statistical analysis indicated a significant association between mycoplasma infections and lymph node metastasis, Lauren's Classification, TNM stage, and age of the patients. Mycoplasma hyorhinis promoted tumor cell migration, invasion and metastasis in vitro and in vivo, which was possibly associated with the enhanced phosphorylation of EGFR and ERK1/2. The antibody against p37 protein of Mycoplasma hyorhinis could inhibit the migration of the infected cells.

Conclusions
The infection of mycoplasma hyorhinis may contribute to the development of gastric cancer and Mycoplasma hyorhinis-induced malignant phenotypes were possibly mediated by p37.
Characteristics of coronary artery disease in symptomatic type 2 diabetic patients: evaluation with CT angiography
Authors: Chu Zhi-gang , Yang Zhi-gang , Dong Zhi-hui , Zhu Zhi-yu , Peng Li-qing , Shao Heng , He Ci , Deng Wen , Tang Si-shi , Chen Jing 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Background
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a common and severe complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). The aim of this study is to identify the features of CAD in diabetic patients using coronary CT angiography (CTA).

Methods
From 1 July 2009 to 20 March 2010, 113 consecutive patients (70 men, 43 women; mean age, 68 ± 10 years) with type 2 DM were found to have coronary plaques on coronary CTA. Their CTA data were reviewed, and extent, distribution and types of plaques and luminal narrowing were evaluated and compared between different sexes.

Results
In total, 287 coronary vessels (2.5 ± 1.1 per patient) and 470 segments (4.2 ± 2.8 per patient) were found to have plaques, respectively. Multi-vessel disease was more common than single vessel disease (p < 0.001), and the left anterior descending (LAD) artery (35.8%) and its proximal segment (19.1%) were most frequently involved (all p < 0.001). Calcified plaques (48.8%) were the most common type (p < 0.001) followed by mixed plaques (38.1%). Regarding the different degrees of stenosis, mild narrowing (36.9%) was most common (p < 0.001); however, a significant difference was not observed between non-obstructive and obstructive stenosis (50.4% vs. 49.6%, p = 0.855). Extent of CAD, types of plaques and luminal narrowing were not significantly different between male and female diabetic patients.

Conclusions
Coronary CTA depicted a high plaque burden in patients with type 2 DM. Plaques, which were mainly calcified, were more frequently detected in the proximal segment of the LAD artery, and increased attention should be paid to the significant prevalence of obstructive stenosis. In addition, DM reduced the sex differential in CT findings of CAD.
Impact of gastroesophageal reflux disease on daily life: the Systematic Investigation of Gastrointestinal Diseases in China (SILC) epidemiological study
Authors: Wang Rui , Zou Duowu , Ma Xiuqiang , Zhao Yanfang , Yan Xiaoyan , Yan Hong , Fang Jiqian , Yin Ping , Kang Xiaoping , Li Qiang , Dent John , Sung Joseph J , Halling Katarina , Johansson Saga , Liu Wenbin , He Jia 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Background
Gastroesophageal reflux disease imposes a significant burden of illness in Western populations. However, data on the impact of reflux symptoms on daily life in Asian populations are scarce. The current study aimed to evaluate the impact of GERD (defined on the basis of symptoms) on health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) in individuals from five regions in China, as part of the Systematic Investigation of Gastrointestinal Diseases in China (SILC) study.

Methods
In total, 18 000 residents were randomly selected from across five regions of China and asked to complete a general information questionnaire and a Chinese version of the Reflux Disease Questionnaire (RDQ). A randomly selected subsample of one-fifth of subjects (20% from each region) completed Chinese versions of the 36-item self-administered (SF-36) questionnaire and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) questionnaire. Reflux symptoms were defined as the presence of heartburn and/or regurgitation. Symptom-defined GERD was diagnosed as mild heartburn and/or regurgitation ≥2 days per week, or moderate/severe heartburn and/or regurgitation ≥1 day a week, based on the Montreal Definition of GERD for population-based studies.

Results
The response rate was 89.4% for the total sample (16 091/18 000), and for the 20% subsample (3219/3600). Meaningful impairment was observed in all 8 SF-36 dimensions in participants with symptom-defined GERD, in 7 of the 8 SF-36 dimensions in participants with troublesome reflux symptoms, and in 6 of the 8 SF-36 dimensions in participants with reflux symptoms below the threshold for symptom-defined GERD. Meaningful daytime sleepiness was also observed in each of these groups. The proportion of individuals reporting troublesome symptoms increased as reflux symptom frequency and severity approached the threshold for symptom-defined GERD, and this was associated with concomitant decreases in all HRQoL measures. Troublesome symptoms were reported by 68.2% (75/110) of individuals with symptom-defined GERD.

Conclusions
GERD diagnosed using symptom/frequency criteria (recommended for population-based studies), or based on troublesome reflux symptoms (recommended for the clinic), is associated with significantly impaired HRQoL in Chinese individuals. However, patient groups identified using these definitions do not overlap completely, suggesting that they capture slightly different, though clinically relevant, GERD populations.
Carisoprodol Legal Status and Patterns of Abuse
Authors: Fass Jennifer A 
Published: November 2010

Objective: To review the current legal status and patterns of abuse of carisoprodol. Data Sources: A literature search was conducted through MEDLINE (1950-August 2010), PubMed (1966-August 2010), EMBASE (1966-August 2010), and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970-August 2010) using the search terms carisoprodol and abuse. In addition, reference citations from publications identified were reviewed. State laws and regulations were accessed through NABP LAW Online (2010) using the search term carisoprodol. Federal proposed rules were accessed through the Federal Register (1995 Volume 59-2010 Volume 75) using the search term carisoprodol. Study Selection and Data Extraction: State laws and federal proposed rules regarding carisoprodol were examined. Case reports and studies involving carisoprodol abuse were evaluated. Data Synthesis: Carisoprodol is not federally scheduled under the Controlled Substances Act (CSA). However, carisoprodol is scheduled in 36% (n = 18) of states of the US. The Drug Enforcement Administration issued a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking in the Federal Register on November 17, 2009, to place carisoprodol into schedule IV of the CSA, with a deadline to submit written comments by December 17, 2009. Case reports, retrospective studies, and national reports, including reports from the American Association of Poison Control Centers and results from the Monitoring the Future national survey on drug use, have identified carisoprodol's abuse potential. Conclusions: Carisoprodol should be placed in schedule IV of the CSA based on its abuse potential and current state laws and regulations. Federally scheduling carisoprodol would lead to uniformity among the states and hopefully assist in preventing prescription drug abuse. Larger, well-designed studies evaluating carisoprodol abuse should be performed.
Acamprosate Calcium as Augmentation Therapy for Anxiety Disorders
Authors: Schwartz Thomas L , Siddiqui Umar A , Raza Shafi , Costello Anne 
Published: November 2010

Background: Glutamate is a major excitatory neurotransmitter, while γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a predominant inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. This GABA-glutamate imbalance is thought to play a role in the development of anxiety. Acamprosate calcium is thought to restore this chemical imbalance in alcohol withdrawal. Objective: To examine acamprosate calcium as augmentation therapy for treatment of anxiety. Methods: This 8-week, open-label study was designed to evaluate patients with anxiety who were stable on current medications (selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors and serotonin-norepinephrine-reuptake inhibitors) but still symptomatic. Acamprosate was dosed at 1998 mg/day. Assessments included the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Results: Thirteen patients enrolled in the study and received study medication. Acamprosate reduced anxiety symptoms (mean HAM-A score reduction to 8.87 from a baseline of 20). Sixty-two percent of patients receiving acamprosate achieved remission (HAM-A score ≤7). Modal dose was 1998 mg/day (range 999-1998). The most commonly reported adverse events were nausea (n = 1), gastrointestinal upset (n = 1), and increased dream activity (n = 1). Conclusions: Acamprosate calcium may be effective augmentation therapy in patients with treatment-resistant anxiety.
A Brief Cognitive‐behavioral Stress Management Program for Secondary School Teachers
Authors: Leung Sharron SK , Chiang Vico CL , Chui YY , Mak YW , Wong Daniel FK 
Published: November 2010

A Brief Cognitive‐behavioral Stress Management Program for Secondary School Teachers: Sharron SK Leung, et al. School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, China—ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the eficacy of a brief cognitive‐behavioral program that was designed to reduce the work‐related stress levels of secondary school teachers.MethodsA quasi‐experimental design was used to compare the intervention groups with the wait‐list control groups. Seventy teachers from the intervention groups and 54 from the control groups completed a set of validated scales at the baseline and 3–4 wk later. The scales included the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale—Form A, the Health‐Promoting Lifestyle Proile II, and the Occupational Stress Inventory Revised Edition.ResultsAfter controlling for the baseline measures, the intervention groups had significantly lower role stress, personalstrain and overall work‐related stress 3–4 wk after the baseline measurements. The intervention groups also had significantly higher stress management behaviors, and less general stress and dysfunctional thoughts than the control groups (all p≤0.05). The levels of dysfunctional thoughts and stress management behaviors significantly predicted general stress after intervention and personal resource deicits. The level of dysfunctional thoughts also predicted the personal strain of work‐related stresses (all p<0.05).ConclusionsThe brief program reported in this study was eficacious in reducing the work‐related stress of secondary teachers. Teachers experienced less work‐related stress after the program, and they reported reduced dysfunctional thoughts and enhanced stress management behaviors. This program may be considered as an initial strategy for teachers todevelop skills to cope with their work‐related stress in the short term and could be incorporated with other strategies to achieve longer‐term effects.