bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current treatment of parotid hemangiomas
Authors: Weiss Inanna , O Teresa M. , Lipari Brian A. , Meyer Lutz , Berenstein Alejandro , Waner Milton 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Parotid hemangiomas are the most common salivary gland tumors in children. Their treatment has posed a challenge because of the lesions' expansive growth, resistance to treatment, and relationship with the facial nerve. Various treatment modalities have been attempted, and promising results have been achieved with surgical resection alone or in conjunction with endovascular sclerotherapy. Recently, bleomycin and oral propranolol have been introduced, and the results thus far are promising. Here we elucidate the treatment options and propose a treatment algorithm for parotid hemangiomas.Study Design:Retrospective chart review.Methods:We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients from 2004 to 2009 with hemangiomas involving the parotid gland. We included 56 patients and relevant parameters.Results:Seventy percent of patients were female. The female‐to‐male ratio was 2.3 to 1. Thirty‐nine percent had unilateral parotid hemangiomas, 12.5% had cutaneous segmental hemangiomas. All 22 patients who underwent systemic steroid therapy responded initially, but 68% of these rebounded after cessation of therapy. Sixteen patients (29%) underwent surgery with excellent results (facial symmetry, restoration of contour, preserved facial nerve function). Seven (44%) patients received sclerotherapy 24 to 48 hours before surgery, and five (8%) received endovascular sclerotherapy alone. Ten patients were treated medically with oral propranolol. Eight of 10 had significant shrinkage of the lesion within the first month of treatment. There were no reported side effects.Conclusions:Multiple treatment regimens have been used to successfully treat parotid hemangiomas. Although propranolol is a recent addition, it seems most promising. Further evaluation is warranted.
Metabolic syndrome: Is immunosuppression to blame?
Authors: Watt Kymberly D. 
Published: July 2011

Key Points
1. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is common after liver transplantation and has been associated with increased risks of cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular death, liver-related death, and overall mortality.
2. Immunosuppression may increase the frequency of hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension and thus increase the risk and prevalence of MS after transplantation.
3. Corticosteroids are associated with increased rates of diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia in the short term. These agents are now being used perhaps less frequently and certainly for shorter durations; therefore, the long-term effects on metabolic morbidities may be reduced.
4. Calcineurin inhibitors and mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors affect many MS parameters to various degrees and contribute to long-term morbidity after transplantation.
On the existence and concentration of positive solutions to a class of quasilinear elliptic problems on \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathbb {R}$\end{document}
Authors: Alves Claudianor O. , Miyagaki Olímpio H. , Soares Sérgio H. Monari 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the existence and concentration of positive solutions for the following quasilinear equation

The proof relies on variational methods by using directly the functional associated with the problem in an appropriate Sobolev space. It was found a family of solutions {uϵ} concentrating around a local minimum of V as ϵ tends to zero. © 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
Pain sensitivity and clinical progression in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Mylius Veit , Brebbermann Juliane , Dohmann Helena , Engau Isabel , Oertel Wolfgang H. , Möller Jens C. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPain sensitivity in Parkinson's disease is known to be altered in an L‐dopa‐dependent manner with increased spinal nociception and experimental pain perception in the medication‐defined “off” state. As Parkinson's disease‐related pain can be an early symptom in Parkinson's disease, the present study aimed to investigate experimental pain sensitivity and spinal nociception during clinical progression. The nociceptive flexion reflex as a marker of spinal nociception as well as electrical and heat pain thresholds were assessed during the medication‐defined “off” state in 29 patients with Parkinson's disease divided into 3 severity groups (according to their Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale motor score) and compared with 27 healthy elderly subjects. Parkinson's disease‐related pain was also quantified. Data provided evidence that spinal nociception and pain sensitivity are preserved during the early phase of Parkinson's disease. Following increased spinal nociception (F1,36 = 6.838, P = .013), experimental thermal and electrical pain sensitivity were augmented during the course of Parkinson's disease (F1,34 = 5.397, P = .014; F1,34 = 6.038, P = 0.053), whereas spinal nociception further increased (F1,34 = 5.397, P < .001). Increased experimental pain sensitivity was observed in patients exhibiting Parkinson's disease‐related pain. Spinal alterations either on the local level or induced by diminished dopaminergic descending inhibition probably led to increased pain sensitivity in later stages. Because Parkinson's disease‐related pain is correlated with experimental pain sensitivity these 2 observations likely reflect a causal relation. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Alpha‐synuclein in colonic submucosa in early untreated Parkinson's disease
Authors: Shannon Kathleen M. , Keshavarzian Ali , Mutlu Ece , Dodiya Hemraj B. , Daian Delia , Jaglin Jean A. , Kordower Jeffrey H. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe diagnosis of Parkinson's disease rests on motor signs of advanced central dopamine deficiency. There is an urgent need for disease biomarkers. Clinicopathological evidence suggests that α‐synuclein aggregation, the pathological signature of Parkinson's disease, can be detected in gastrointestinal tract neurons in Parkinson's disease. We studied whether we could demonstrate α‐synuclein pathology in specimens from unprepped flexible sigmoidoscopy of the distal sigmoid colon in early subjects with Parkinson's disease. We also looked for 3‐nitrotyrosine, a marker of oxidative stress. Ten subjects with early Parkinson's disease not treated with dopaminergic agents (7 men; median age, 58.5 years; median disease duration, 1.5 years) underwent unprepped flexible sigmoidoscopy with biopsy of the distal sigmoid colon. Immunohistochemistry studies for α‐synuclein and 3‐nitrotyrosine were performed on biopsy specimens and control specimens from a tissue repository (23 healthy subjects and 23 subjects with inflammatory bowel disease). Nine of 10 Parkinson's disease samples were adequate for study. All showed staining for α‐synuclein in nerve fibers in colonic submucosa. No control sample showed this pattern. A few showed light α‐synuclein staining in round cells. 3‐Nitrotyrosine staining was seen in 87% of Parkinson's disease cases but was not specific for Parkinson's disease. This study suggests a pattern of α‐synuclein staining in Parkinson's disease that was distinct from healthy subjects and those with inflammatory bowel disease. The absence of this pattern in subjects with inflammatory bowel disease suggests it is not a sequel of inflammation or oxidative stress. 3‐Nitrotyrosine immunostaining was common in all groups studied, suggesting oxidative stress in the colonic submucosa. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society.
Structure elucidation of the new citharoxazole from the Mediterranean deep‐sea sponge Latrunculia (Biannulata) citharistae
Authors: Genta‐Jouve Grégory , Francezon Nellie , Puissant Alexandre , Auberger Patrick , Vacelet Jean , Pérez Thierry , Fontana Angelo , Mourabit Ali Al , Thomas Olivier P. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractCitharoxazole (1), a new batzelline derivative featuring a benzoxazole moiety, was isolated from the Mediterranean deep‐sea sponge Latrunculia (Biannulata) citharistae Vacelet, 1969, together with the known batzelline C (2). This is the first chemical study of a Mediterranean Latrunculia species and the benzoxazole moiety is unprecedented for this family of marine natural products. The structure was mainly elucidated by the interpretation of NMR spectra and especially HMBC correlations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Magnetic resonance imaging signal hyperintensity of neural tissues in diffuse chronic pain syndromes: A pilot study
Authors: Dilley Andrew , Greening Jane , Walker‐Bone Karen , Good Catriona 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn this pilot study we use T2‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to identify possible peripheral nerve inflammation in 4 patients with diffuse chronic pain. In all 4 patients, there was an increase in median and ulnar nerve T2 signal intensity at the wrist (P < 0.05 vs. controls). Positive clinical signs of peripheral nerve mechanosensitivity combined with MRI findings suggest that these patients may have an underlying peripheral nerve pathology. Muscle Nerve, 2011
A case of acute sarcoid myositis treated with weekly low‐dose methotrexate
Authors: Fujita Hanako , Ishimatsu Yuji , Motomura Masakatsu , Kakugawa Tomoyuki , Sakamoto Noriho , Hayashi Tomayoshi , Kohno Shigeru 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA 25‐year‐old man was referred to our hospital with a 2‐month history of progressive proximal extremity weakness. His serum creatine kinase (CK) level was extremely elevated, and chest X‐ray revealed bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy and small nodules in bilateral lung fields. Biopsy specimens obtained from muscle and lung revealed non‐caseating epithelioid cell granulomas. On the basis of these findings, the patient was diagnosed with sarcoidosis and acute sarcoid myositis. Although steroid pulse therapy was administered repeatedly, the muscle symptoms did not improve, and the serum CK level remained high. We added 7.5 mg oral methotrexate once per week to oral prednisolone, and this improved both the muscle weakness and the CK level. Concurrent administration of methotrexate could be a therapeutic option for cases with acute sarcoid myositis refractory to steroid therapy. Muscle Nerve 000: 000–000, 2011
Statin‐associated changes in skeletal muscle function and stress response after novel or accustomed exercise
Authors: Meador Benjamin M. , Huey Kimberly A. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIntroduction: The most common side effect of statins, myopathy, is more likely in exercisers. We investigated the interaction of statin treatment with novel vs. accustomed exercise on muscle function, heat shock protein (Hsp) expression, and caspase activation. Methods: Mice received daily cerivastatin or saline for 2 weeks, with/without wheel running (RW) (novel/sedentary). Accustomed groups completed 2 weeks of RW before statins. At 4 weeks, plantarflexor isometric force, Hsp25, αB‐crystallin, caspase‐3 and ‐9, and plasma creatine kinase (CK) were quantified. Results: Statins reduced force in sedentary and novel groups, compared with saline, by 15% and 27%, respectively. Muscle fatigability increased 21% and 30% with statins compared with saline in sedentary and novel groups, respectively. Accustomed exercise prevented statin‐associated force loss and increased fatigability. CK did not correlate with functional outcomes. RW increased Hsp protein in all groups. Conclusion: Our results suggest that exercise prior to statin treatment can protect against decrements in muscle function. Muscle Nerve 2011
Local/global model order reduction strategy for the simulation of quasi‐brittle fracture
Authors: Kerfriden P. , Passieux J. C. , Bordas S. P. A. 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYThis paper proposes a novel technique to reduce the computational burden associated with the simulation of localized failure. The proposed methodology affords the simulation of damage initiation and propagation while concentrating the computational effort where it is most needed, that is, in the localization zones. To do so, a local/global technique is devised where the global (slave) problem (far from the zones undergoing severe damage and cracking) is solved for in a reduced space computed by the classical proper orthogonal decomposition while the local (master) degrees of freedom (associated with the part of the structure where most of the damage is taking place) are fully resolved. Both domains are coupled through a local/global technique. This method circumvents the difficulties associated with model order reduction for the simulation of highly nonlinear mechanical failure and offers an alternative or complementary approach to the development of multiscale fracture simulators. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An improved continued‐fraction‐based high‐order transmitting boundary for time‐domain analyses in unbounded domains
Authors: Birk Carolin , Prempramote Suriyon , Song Chongmin 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYA high‐order local transmitting boundary to model the propagation of acoustic or elastic, scalar or vector‐valued waves in unbounded domains of arbitrary geometry is proposed. It is based on an improved continued‐fraction solution of the dynamic stiffness matrix of an unbounded medium. The coefficient matrices of the continued‐fraction expansion are determined recursively from the scaled boundary finite element equation in dynamic stiffness. They are normalised using a matrix‐valued scaling factor, which is chosen such that the robustness of the numerical procedure is improved. The resulting continued‐fraction solution is suitable for systems with many DOFs. It converges over the whole frequency range with increasing order of expansion and leads to numerically more robust formulations in the frequency domain and time domain for arbitrarily high orders of approximation and large‐scale systems. Introducing auxiliary variables, the continued‐fraction solution is expressed as a system of linear equations in iω in the frequency domain. In the time domain, this corresponds to an equation of motion with symmetric, banded and frequency‐independent coefficient matrices. It can be coupled seamlessly with finite elements. Standard procedures in structural dynamics are directly applicable in the frequency and time domains. Analytical and numerical examples demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method to an existing approach and its suitability for time‐domain simulations of large‐scale systems. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal control of unstable input/output time‐delayed systems
Authors: Albertos Pedro , García Pedro 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYThis paper deals with the design of optimal control for unstable time‐delayed systems. Delays can be considered either at the output (measurement delays), the input (actuator delays) or both including transmission delays. The system could be unstable. The cost index weights the system state and the control input. Fully state accessibility is assumed, but the option of output dynamic feedback through an observer can be considered. This result can be split into a predictor followed by a state estimator if it is the case and state feedback. The main result is a general control law including a state feedback plus a feedforward of the delayed input. The control design technique is applied to control the pitch angle of a simulated (simplified) aircraft model. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Do vehicle recalls reduce the number of accidents? The case of the U.S. car market
Authors: Bae Yong‐Kyun , Benítez‐Silva Hugo 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe number of automobile recalls in the U.S. has increased sharply in the last two decades, and the numbers of units involved are often counted in the millions. In 2010 alone, over 20 million vehicles were recalled in the United States, and the massive recalls of full model lines by Toyota have brought this issue to the front pages around the country and the world. However, there is no quantitative evidence of the effect of recalls on safety. Without that evidence, the government and insurance companies have been reluctant to request and use more detailed recall information to increase correction rates, and regulators have not studied the possible link between the growing number of recalls and the risk of life for consumers. In this paper we empirically quantify the effect of vehicle recalls on safety using repeated cross‐sections on accidents of individual drivers and aggregate vehicle recall data to construct synthetic panel data on individual drivers of a particular vehicle model. We estimate the effect of recalls on the number of accidents and find that a 10 percent increase in the recall rate of a particular model reduces the accidents of that model by between 0.78 percent and 1.6 percent when using the full sample of accidents in our data. We also find that recalls classified as “hazardous” are more effective in reducing accidents, and the recall effect is especially strong when we restrict attention to accidents that lead to personal injuries and only include vehicles more likely to be at fault for the accident, but much less so for accidents that only lead to property damage. We also find that vehicle models with recalls with higher correction rates have on average fewer accidents in the years following a recall, which indicates the importance of the role of drivers' behavior regarding recalls on safety. Our findings suggest that policymakers should consider, for example, policies to allow insurance companies to take into account recall correction behavior when pricing auto insurance, which could be made possible through regulatory changes by the U.S. government, and should revisit the complex trade‐offs between pre‐ and post‐market regulation in this important industry. © 2011 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.
Policy attribute framing: A comparison between three policy instruments for personal emissions reduction
Authors: Parag Yael , Capstick Stuart , Poortinga Wouter 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA comparative experiment in the UK examined people's willingness to change energy consumption behavior under three different policy framings: energy tax, carbon tax, and personal carbon allowances (PCA). PCA is a downstream cap‐and‐trade policy proposed in the UK, in which emission rights are allocated to individuals. We hypothesized that due to economic, pro‐environmental and mental accounting drivers PCA would have greater potential to deliver emissions reduction than taxation. Participants (n = 1,096) received one version of a survey with the same energy‐behavior–related questions and identical incurred costs under one of the following framings: energy tax (where carbon was not mentioned), carbon tax, and PCA. Results suggest that policies that draw people's attention to carbon (PCA and carbon taxation) could have greater impact on their stated willingness to reduce energy consumption, and on the reduction amounts prompted, than would a non‐overt price signal (energy tax). There is mixed evidence, however, as to whether PCA or carbon taxation would produce the largest energy demand reductions. Some indication was found for a spillover toward wider carbon conservation under the PCA framing. © 2011 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.
Notch in the kidney: development and disease
Authors: Sirin Yasemin , Susztak Katalin 
Published: July 2011

AbstractNotch signalling is a highly conserved cell–cell communication mechanism that regulates development, tissue homeostasis, and repair. Within the kidney, Notch has an important function in orchestrating kidney development. Recent studies indicate that Notch plays a key role in establishing proximal epithelial fate during nephron segmentation as well as the differentiation of principal cells in the renal collecting system. Notch signalling is markedly reduced in the adult kidney; however, increased Notch signalling has been noted in both acute and chronic kidney injury. Increased glomerular epithelial Notch signalling has been associated with albuminuria and glomerulosclerosis, while tubular epithelial Notch activation caused fibrosis development most likely inducing an improper epithelial repair pathway. Recent studies thereby indicate that Notch is a key regulator of kidney development, repair, and injury. Copyright © 2011 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human primary ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) subtype‐specific pathology is preserved in a mouse intraductal (MIND) xenograft model
Authors: Valdez Kelli Elizabeth , Fan Fang , Smith William , Allred D Craig , Medina Daniel , Behbod Fariba 
Published: July 2011

AbstractDuctal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a non‐obligate precursor of invasive breast cancer. The current recognition that DCIS lesions exhibit inter‐ and intra‐lesion diversity suggests that the process of evolution to invasive breast cancer is more complex than previously recognized. Here we demonstrate the reproducible growth of primary DCIS cells derived from patient's surgical and biopsy samples by the mouse intraductal (MIND) model. MIND involves injection of cells into the NOD‐SCID IL2Rgamma$^{{\rm{null}}}$ (NSG) mouse mammary ducts. Twelve (eight unique and four repeats) DCIS and two atypical hyperplasia specimens, heterogeneous with respect to biomarker expression and histology, were injected into 48 mouse mammary glands and analysed for successful xenotransplantation. Overall, 14/34 and 11/14 MIND xenotransplanted glands contained human DCIS and atypical hyperplastic cells, respectively, after 8 weeks, which formed single and multi‐layered epithelium inside the ducts, and were heterogeneous with respect to expression of human cytokeratins, oestrogen receptor α (ER), and HER2. ER protein expression was recapitulated in MIND xenografts at ratios similar to the corresponding patient biopsies. In both patient biopsies and corresponding MIND xenografts, HER2 protein expression and nuclear HER2 gene overexpression were restricted to the DCIS lesions and were not found in the surrounding stroma or normal ducts. The xenografted DCIS lesions recapitulate the pathology and heterogeneity of human disease, thus providing a powerful tool for the characterization of the distinct cellular and molecular basis of inter‐ and intra‐tumoural heterogeneity and the processes of DCIS to early invasive breast cancer progression. Copyright © 2011 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shrinkage alteration induced by segregation of glass beads in injection molded PA6: Experimental analysis and modeling
Authors: Kovács J.G. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe segregation effect of glass beads along the flow path during the injection molding process was evaluated. Experiments were carried out on injection molded polyamide 6 (PA6) composites with solid glass bead (GB) depends on both the diameter and the concentration of the glass beads. A model is suggested to describe the observed variations. In addition, segregation affects the distribution of volumetric shrinkage along the flow path, playing a major role in the dimensional accuracy of the part. A model is also proposed to include the effect of glass beads segregation in shrinkage calculations. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers