bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between Human Periodontitis and Type 2 Diabetes at a Genomic Level: A Data‐Mining Study
Authors: Covani Ugo , Marconcini Simone , Derchi Giacomo , Barone Antonio , Giacomelli Luca 
Published: August 2009

Background: The leader gene approach is a data‐mining method based on the systematic search for the genes involved in a specific process and their ranking according to the interconnections with the other genes identified. The application of this algorithm to human periodontitis gave promising results. The present study used this algorithm to formulate new hypotheses about the association between periodontitis and type 2 diabetes.Methods: The genes involved in a given process were identified via interrelated queries of several databases. The interactions among such genes were mapped and given a significance score. The weighted number of links (sum of weighted scores for every interaction in which a gene is involved) was calculated for each gene. Genes were clustered according to this parameter; those in the highest cluster were termed leader genes. This algorithm was applied to diabetes and sinusitis. Sinusitis was chosen as a control because it is an inflammatory infectious disease like periodontitis. The results were compared to those previously calculated for periodontitis.Results: Periodontitis and diabetes share four leader genes; all leader genes are linked in a complex map of interactions. Periodontitis and sinusitis share no leader genes; no interactions were identified.Conclusions: Even with the limitations of ab initio analyses, these theoretical results might suggest the existence of some common genomic pathways between periodontitis and type 2 diabetes, despite the different pathogenesis of these diseases. In particular, the shared leader genes could have an important role in this relationship, which may be investigated further with targeted experimentation.
Efficient Risk Set Sampling when a Time-dependent Exposure Is Present
Authors: Beyersmann J. , Gastmeier P. , Schumacher M. , Wolkewitz M. 
Published: August 2009

Summary
Objectives: The impact of time-dependent exposures on the time until study endpoint may correctly be analyzed with data of a full cohort. Ignoring the time-dependent nature of these exposures leads to time-dependent bias. Matching for time to exposure is often applied to take the time-dependency into account, but prefixed sets of exposed and unexposed may still create bias. This approach is attractive since a subcohort would also save resources, especially when exposure and outcome data are only available in the full cohort but further covariate information is required. The first objective is to show to which extent matching for time to exposure yields biased results. Secondly, exposure density sampling is introduced and explored.
Methods: To evaluate how both sampling methods perform, they are compared to the correct method as well as to the approach in which the time-dependent nature of the exposure is ignored. Real data of the SIR-3 study (Germany, 2000–2001) and a simulation study are used.
Results: Simulations show that matching may reduce the time-dependent bias but still there is a bias. The matching bias decreases if fewer patients are exposed. Exposure density sampling yields unbiased results.
Conclusions: Results from studies in which matching for time to exposure was applied are only tolerable for rare exposures. Whenever subcohorting is the intention in order to save resources, exposure density sampling should be preferred instead.
The Human Ecology of Malaria in a Highland Region of South-West Kenya
Authors: Herbst S. , Kistemann T. , Githinji S. 
Published: August 2009

Summary
Objective: This study assessed interactions between human beings and their immediate micro-ecological environment with regard to malaria transmission at the household level.
Methods: Malaria cases and their controls were sampled from a local health care facility. A spot check of potential risk factors for malaria around the subjects’ dwelling places was done. A standardized questionnaire was administered to investigate human behavior that could lead to increased risk of malaria.
Results: Outdoor activities at night, living in houses with eaves, keeping cattle close to human dwellings and presence of stagnant water around the homesteads were associated with increased risk of malaria.
Conclusion: Living in houses with open eaves and being out at night were found to influence malaria incidences at household level.
USING POROUS POLYETHYLENE IMPLANT FOR MAXILLOFACIAL BONY RECONSTRUCTION — A GENERAL INTRODUCTION AND CASE REPORT OF A COMPLICATION
Authors: Hsieh Thomas Mon-Hsian , Lee Chao-Hsiang , Tang Yueh-Bih , Chiang I-Jen , Wong Jau-Min 
Published: August 2009

Reconstruction of facial defect is always a challenging task for plastic surgeons. Using either autogenous tissue or alloplastic material has its own merits and demerits and the decision making depends not only on the experience of the surgeon but also on the selection of the patients.Alloplastic implant made of high-density porous polyethylene has been widely used in craniofacial reconstruction in recent years. It shows long-term stability, high tensile strength, and minimal tissue reaction. Its unique porous system facilitates tissue ingrowth, which enhances the implant fixation, therefore, it decreases the chance of migration, extrusion, and capsule formation.Here we presented our experience of using porous polyethylene implant in our hospital, the surgical technique used for implant insertion. Finally, a case of complication was presented to discuss the use of these implants in particular situations, such as previous irradiation.It is concluded that implant made of porous polyethylene is an ideal material for maxillofacial reconstruction; however, careful patient selection is needed. Tissue with history of previous irradiation may have the risk of poor tissue healing. Careful assessment and more scientific and reliable methods are still being sought to solve these problems.
Case report: Upper neck pouch sign in the antenatal diagnosis of esophageal atresia
Authors: Garg Mukesh Kumar 
Published: August 2009

AbstractPrenatal diagnosis of esophageal atresia remains a challenge for the imaging consultant. On antenatal USG, the finding of an absent or small stomach in the setting of polyhydramnios used to be considered suspicious of esophageal atresia. However, these findings have a low positive predictive value. The upper neck pouch sign is another sign that helps in the antenatal diagnosis of esophageal atresia. In this paper, I report a case of esophageal atresia that was diagnosed on USG at 27 weeks of gestation; the diagnosis was confirmed postnatally.
MRI in congenital duplication of urethra
Authors: Bhadury S , Parashari Umesh C , Singh Ragini , Kohli Neera 
Published: August 2009

AbstractCongenital urethral duplication is a rare anomaly, with less than 200 cases described in the literature. The investigations that are usually performed are micturating cystourethrography (MCU) and retrograde urethrography (RGU), which can diagnose the presence of duplication but cannot diagnose the precise relationship of the duplicated urethra with other pelvic structures. MRI, because of the excellent tissue contrast that it provides and its multiplanar ability, can demonstrate with precision, the size, shape and position of the two urethras. We describe below a case where MRI was able to show this exquisitely.
A New Approach to Pyrrolocoumarin Derivatives by Palladium‐Catalyzed Reactions: Expedient Construction of Polycyclic Lamellarin Scaffold
Authors: Chen Lei , Xu Ming‐Hua 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA new and efficient protocol for straightforward synthesis of chromeno[3,4‐b]pyrrol‐4(3H)‐one derivatives by palladium‐catalyzed sequential coupling/cyclization reactions has been developed. The key strategy relies on creation of pyrrole ring through palladium‐catalyzed intramolecular hydroamination of related acetylenic aminocoumarins. The synthetic utility of the obtained chromeno[3,4‐b]pyrrol‐4(3H)‐one product has been demonstrated by the expedient synthesis of polycyclic lamellarin scaffold in four steps. It provides a new entry to synthesis of potentially valuable lamellarin analogues.
Pyrazole Synthesis Using a Titanium‐Catalyzed Multicomponent Coupling Reaction and Synthesis of Withasomnine
Authors: Majumder Supriyo , Gipson Kevin R. , Staples Richard J. , Odom Aaron L. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe titanium‐catalyzed 3‐component coupling of an alkyne, isonitrile, and amine can be used to generate tautomers of 1,3‐diimines. These diimines produced in situ undergo cyclization with hydrazine and hydrazine derivatives in a one‐pot procedure to provide pyrazoles. Seventeen examples of pyrazoles are provided using this one‐pot, 4‐component procedure from simple starting materials. The regioselectivity of the alkyne addition can be controlled in some cases with catalyst architecture, and regioselectivity of monosubsituted hydrazines to unsymmetrical 1,3‐diimines is discussed. This multicomponent coupling strategy was applied to the synthesis of withasomnine in an efficient procedure, which gave the natural product in 24% overall yield from 4‐pentyn‐1‐ol.
Nanoparticle Supported, Magnetically Recoverable Oxodiperoxo Molybdenum Complexes: Efficient Catalysts for Selective Epoxidation Reactions
Authors: Shylesh Sankaranarayanapillai , Schweizer Julia , Demeshko Serhiy , Schünemann Volker , Ernst Stefan , Thiel Werner R. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractOrganic‐inorganic hybrid heterogeneous nanocatalyst systems were synthesized by covalent anchoring of oxodiperoxomolybdenum complexes [(LL)MoO(O2)2] on silica coated magnetic nanoparticles as an active, magnetically separable epoxidation catalyst.
The conversion of an organometallic compound into an intercalated thin‐layer amorphous structure
Authors: Othman M. R. , Fernando W. J. N. , Kim J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA thin alumina‐hydrotalcite (Al‐HT) film was fabricated from the synthesized boehmite and HT sol samples. The sols were a Newtonian fluid within 12 h of the sol synthesis and pseudo‐plastic flow thereon. Co‐precipitated HT demonstrated poorly crystallized periclase and spinel structures and apparent doublet peak of hydrotalcite at 2θ = 39–44°, indicative of a disordered structure. The heated Al‐HT sample demonstrated highly amorphous structure with single hydrotalcite peak but barely observed γ‐alumina and γ‐boehmite phases. The exfoliation of the spinel, gibbsite and periclase in the Al‐HT was caused by the intercalation of boehmite into the HT layers that impeded the formation of the oxides phases. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Schallfeldsimulation mit Spiegelquellen – Eine Planungshilfe für reflexionsarme Räume
Authors: Zha Xueqin , Fuchs Helmut V. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractKonventionelle Auslegungen von akustischen Freifeldräumen nach ISO 3745 sind häufig mit Risiken behaftet, weil die übliche Annahme eines Absorptionsgrades bei senkrechtem Schalleinfall von 99 % herkömmlicher faseriger oder poröser Auskleidungen von Fall zu Fall weder notwendig noch ausreichend sein kann. Es wird ein Simulationsprogramm vorgestellt, das mit der phasenrichtigen Überlagerung der Schallwellen einer realen Punkt‐ und einer Serie von Spiegelquellen arbeitet, welche die unvollständig absorbierenden Begrenzungsflächen des Raumes ersetzen. Damit werden verschiedene Einflüsse aufgezeigt, die die Freifeldeigenschaften ebenso stark beeinflussen können wie der Absorptionsgrad der Auskleidung. So lässt sich bereits in einem frühen Planungsstadium mehr Sicherheit über die Qualität eines Akustik‐Prüfstandes zur Bestimmung von Schallleistung, Spektrum und Richtcharakteristik technischer Schallquellen gewinnen.Sound field simulation by image sources – A design tool for anechoic rooms.Conventional designs of anechoic rooms according to ISO 3745 often bear risks since the usual assumption of an absorption coefficient at normal incidence of 99 % of traditional fibrous or porous claddings may be not necessary in one case but insufficient in another. A simulation program is presented which is based on the wave interferences of the sound from a real point source and a number of image sources which replace imperfectly absorbing bounding surfaces. Its application demonstrates various effects which can influence the free‐field characteristics to the same extent as the absorption of the cladding. By this one may gain more confidence – at an early stage of the planning process – in the quality of an acoustic test facility for the determination of sound power, spectrum and directivity of technical sound sources.
New Equipment for Laboratory Studies of Heterogeneously Catalyzed Reactive Distillation
Authors: Schmitt M. , von Harbou E. , Parada S. , Grossmann C. , Hasse H. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn this paper, novel equipment for laboratory studies of heterogeneously catalyzed reactive distillation is described. The so called D+R tray equipment consists of a combination of conventional bubble cap trays with sections that are filled with catalyst and through which the liquid flows when it passes from one distillation tray down to the next. It is designed so that the catalyst can be easily changed, and its amount can be flexibly chosen. In the present study, D+R tray equipment built in glass in the 50 mm diameter scale was investigated. The pressure drop is only slightly higher than that of a standard distillation tray alone and it allows the same fluid dynamic capacity. In order to characterize the properties of the equipment as a reactor, residence time distribution (RTD) measurements were carried out. For this purpose, the equipment was modified so that only the reactive section could be studied. Still, the RTD of the catalytic bed cannot be investigated directly. It was therefore determined based on accompanying computational fluid dynamics simulations. The RTD of the catalytic bed can be described well by a simple dispersion model with a Bodenstein number of 60–65, showing that it basically has plug flow characteristics.
Supramolecular Structure in s‐Block Metal Complexes of Sulfonated Monoazo Dyes: Discrepant Packing and Bonding Behavior of ortho‐Sulfonated Azo Dyes
Authors: Kennedy Alan R. , Andrikopoulos Prokopis C. , Arlin Jean‐Baptiste , Armstrong David R. , Duxbury Neil , Graham David V. , Kirkhouse Jennifer B. A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe first solid‐state structures of ortho‐sulfonated monoazo dyestuffs are reported and compared to those of their para‐ and meta‐sulfonated analogues. The structures of the 16 Na, K, Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba ortho‐sulfonated salts are found to have fewer MO3S bonds than their isomeric equivalents and this in turn means that the metal type is no longer the prime indicator of which structural type will be adopted. MO3S bonds are replaced by MOH2, MHOR and M–π interactions, apparently for steric reasons. As well as new bonding motifs, the changed dye shape also leads to new packing motifs. The simple organic/inorganic layering ubiquitous to the para‐ and meta‐sulfonated dye salt structures is replaced by variations (organic bilayers, inorganic channels), each of which correlates with a different degree of molecular planarity in the sulfonated azo dye anion.
Photochemical Activities of N‐Nitroso Carboxamides and Sulfoximides and Their Application to DNA Cleavage
Authors: Hwu Jih Ru , Huang Joseph Jen‐Tse , Tsai Fu‐Yuan , Tsay Shwu‐Chen , Hsu Ming‐Hua , Hwang Kuo Chu , Horng Jia‐Cherng , Ho Ja‐an Annie , Lin Chun‐Cheng 
Published: August 2009

AbstractN‐Nitroso compounds containing benzene, fluorene or fluorenone rings were synthesized. Photolysis of these compounds with 312‐nm UV light provided the NO. species, the presence of which was corroborated by use of an EPR method and of 2‐phenyl‐4,4,5,5‐tetramethylimidazolin‐1‐oxyl 3‐oxide (PTIO) as a trapping agent. During irradiation of N‐methyl‐N‐nitroso‐9‐fluorenone carboxamide (14 c) in the absence of PTIO, it underwent decomposition followed by recombination to give the heterocyclic nitric oxide radical 15. Incorporation of intercalating moieties endowed the N‐nitroso compounds with DNA‐cleaving ability through single‐strand scission upon UV irradiation in a phosphate buffer (pH 5.0–8.0) under aerobic conditions.
Boronic Acid Functionalized Core–Satellite Composite Nanoparticles for Advanced Enrichment of Glycopeptides and Glycoproteins
Authors: Zhang Lijuan , Xu Yawei , Yao Hailiang , Xie Liqi , Yao Jun , Lu Haojie , Yang Pengyuan 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA core–satellite‐structured composite material has been successfully synthesized for capturing glycosylated peptides or proteins. This novel hybrid material is composed of a silica‐coated ferrite “core” and numerous “satellites” of gold nanoparticles with lots of “anchors”. The anchor, 3‐aminophenylboronic acid, designed for capturing target molecules, is highly specific toward glycosylated species. The long organic chains bridging the gold surface and the anchors could reduce the steric hindrance among the bound molecules and suppress nonspecific bindings. Due to the excellent structure of the current material, the trap‐and‐release enrichment of glycosylated samples is quite simple, specific, and effective. Indeed, the composite nanoparticles could be used for enriching glycosylated peptides and proteins with very low concentrations, and the enriched samples can be easily separated from bulk solution by a magnet. By using this strategy, the recovery of glycopeptides and glycoproteins after enrichment were found to be 85.9 and 71.6 % separately, whereas the adsorption capacity of the composite nanoparticles was proven to be more than 79 mg of glycoproteins per gram of the material. Moreover, the new composite nanoparticles were applied to enrich glycosylated proteins from human colorectal cancer tissues for identification of N‐glycosylation sites. In all, 194 unique glycosylation sites mapped to 155 different glycoproteins have been identified, of which 165 sites (85.1 %) were newly identified.
The Influence of Surface Covers on the Performance of a Soil Vapor Extraction System
Authors: Boudouch Otmane , Ying Yu , Benadda Belkacem 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis study looks at the influence of surface covers on the performance of a single pumping well system. Pilot tests were conducted on a sandy soil to determine the influence of surface confinement based upon both induced vacuum and pore gas velocity design criteria. The results demonstrate how covering the surface can significantly alter the associated air flow patterns and velocity distribution. Comparison of streamline iso‐contours obtained in covered scenarios reveals that the surface seal tended to prevent air from entering the subsurface near the extraction well and force air to be drawn from a greater distance. Calculated and measured pressure differentials, for open and semi‐confined scenarios, clearly show that adding a clay layer as a surface cover increased the vacuum induced within the soil. Pore gas velocity analysis showed that when the cover clay layer was used, the zone of capture of the soil vapor extraction system increased. The radius of influence of soil vapor extraction (SVE) systems, based on the attainment of a critical vacuum or pore gas velocity, can then be increased by including a surface seal in the design of such systems. The focus of this study is limited to air flow patterns contrasted between covered and uncovered conditions and not on the nuances of a full scale remediation implementation.
Maintenance therapy in nonsmall‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Mok Tony S. K. , Ramalingam Suresh S. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractSystemic chemotherapy with platinum‐based regimens provides modest improvements in survival and quality of life for patients with advanced‐stage nonsmall‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Extended first‐line chemotherapy with combination regimens for more than 4 to 6 cycles is not recommended because of cumulative toxicities and lack of proven advantage in survival with the increased duration of therapy. The early use of an anticancer agent as maintenance therapy after disease stabilization or maximal response with platinum‐based regimens is, therefore, being recognized as a new treatment paradigm in NSCLC. Maintenance therapy can extend first‐line treatment and provide an acceptable balance between efficacy and toxicity. The essential prerequisites for maintenance therapy include good tolerability, ability to administer extended cycles of therapy without cumulative toxicity, and an increase in the duration of progression‐free survival. Pemetrexed has recently been shown to improve the median PFS in the maintenance setting. Molecularly targeted therapies with cytostatic properties and documented tolerability also have the potential to be effective as maintenance therapy to maintain tumor regression after an initial response to chemotherapy. Consequently, the role of erlotinib and other molecular targeted agents in this treatment setting is under active investigation in ongoing phase 3 trials. This could potentially establish a new standard on the clinical utility of molecular targeted agents as maintenance therapy for patients with advanced‐stage NSCLC. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Benefits of diversity, communication costs, and public opinion dynamics
Authors: Aldashev Gani , Carletti Timoteo 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe study the dynamics of public opinion in a model where agents change their opinions as a result of random binary encounters if the opinion difference is below their individual thresholds that evolve over time. We ground these thresholds in a simple individual cost‐benefit analysis with linear benefits of diversity and quadratic communication costs. We clarify and deepen the results of earlier continuous‐opinion dynamics models (Deffuant et al., Adv Complex Systems 2000, 3, 87–98; Weisbuch et al., Complexity 2002, 7, 55–63) and establish several new results regarding the patterns of opinions in the asymptotic state and the cluster formation time. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity, 2009
Processes of change in cognitive–behavioural treatment of obsessive–compulsive disorder: Current status and some future directions
Authors: Polman Annemiek , Bouman Theo K. , van Hout Wiljo J.P.J. , de Jong Peter J. , den Boer Johan A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe present paper discusses theoretical and methodological issues involved in the processes of change in cognitive–behavioural treatment (CBT) of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). Treatment outcome studies showed that CBT is effective in reducing obsessive–compulsive symptoms. However, why and how CBT works cannot be corroborated by comparing pre‐ and post‐assessment. Recently, there has been a resurgence of interest in theory driven process studies. By showing patterns of change over time, process studies can contribute to our insight into the actual mechanisms of change during treatment. We review process research in the field of OCD and discuss methodological issues involved in process studies for this particular disorder. It is concluded that studying the processes of change harbours promising possibilities for bridging the gap between theory and clinical practice. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message:Process studies can contribute to the scientific underpinning of treatment.Process studies can provide clinicians with useful information for application of treatment.Decreases in dysfunctional beliefs seem related to successful treatment of OCD.