bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Qualitative Evaluation of Knowledge of and Attitudes toward VA Smoking Cessation Services
Authors: Cunningham Cassie L. , Kaboli Peter J. , Ono Sarah , Vander Weg Mark W. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIntroduction:The aim of this study was to assess Veterans' and primary care clinic staff's knowledge about, and experiences with, tobacco cessation services available through their Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) medical facility.Methods:Qualitative, semi-structured, in-depth interviews and surveys were conducted with 7 patients and 12 providers/clinic staff members at three VA primary care clinics serving large numbers of rural Veterans. Interviews were transcribed and coded for the- matic content.Results:Five primary themes emerged: (1) lack of knowledge about available cessation services, (2) smoking cessation services provided to patients, (3) perceived barriers to cessation and the provision of treatment, (4) patient receptiveness to treatment and primary care provider involvement, (5) recommended strategies for improving smoking cessation services.Discussion:Our findings suggest there is a considerable lack of knowledge regarding available tobacco cessation services in VA primary care clinics serving rural Veterans. While many patients expressed the opinion that VA was providing adequate care for nicotine dependence, they also identified important barriers to cessation and offered opinions regarding what more could be done to help them to quit smoking. Clinicians/staff also provided insight into barriers they encounter in the delivery of cessation services. Future work should focus on attempting to address these barriers.
Zur Struktur der Rechtfertigung (dargestellt an russischen und tschechischen literarischen Beispielen)
Authors: Borovanská Sabine 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
In the present paper, I describe the argumentative structure of justifications. Justifications are typical reactions to a reproach. With a reproach a speaker expresses a negative evaluation of an action of the counterpart. This negative evaluation is usually based on a common norm. The justification aims to a different, positive evaluation of this action by referring to a norm, from which the speaker presumes to stand above the reference norm of the reproach. The justification is successful when this assumption is also accepted by the one, who uttered the reproach. The argumentative structure can be described as a syllogism with an argument and a conclusion, which is based on an assumption or basis-conditional. It can be shown for a Russian and Czech literary corpus that common argumentation schemes, which remind of classical Grecian topoi, are often used in justifications.
Buchbesprechung
Authors: Goldschweer Ulrike 
Published: December 2011

Zusammenfassung
Tippner, Anja, Die permanente Avantgarde? Surrealismus in Prag. Köln; Weimar; Wien: Böhlau, 2009. 325 S., 19 Ill. auf Tafeln. ISBN: 978-3-412-07406-7
Maximizing Utility of a Deployable Medical Team from an Academic Medical Center to a Disaster
Authors: Catlett Christina L. , Kirsch Thomas D. , Scheulen James J. , Cole Gai , Kelen Gabor D. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractDeployable medical teams from academic medical centers (AMCs) can be a valuable adjunct to military and NGO response to disasters and humanitarian crises. In 2009, Johns Hopkins created and trained a scalable, rapidly deployable team of nearly 200 healthcare workers and staff from many disciplines. In 2010 the team deployed groups to the Haiti earthquake which provided valuable lessons regarding utility and implementation of such a team. Partnerships with established response organizations are key. Flexibility of the team's structure allows rapid response to evolving needs of requesting agencies, prevents institutional disruption, and sustains response. Careful management of team logistics is critical to the health, welfare, and security of the team. Complex human resource issues must be anticipated and addressed. Finally, AMCs must be willing and able to absorb some costs associated with the response, even when deploying with well‐funded and highly resourced agencies.
Diagnosis of intestinal microsporidiosis in pediatric oncology patients in Egypt using modified acid fast trichrome staining versus PCR
Authors: El-Mahallawy Hadir , Zaki Mayssa , El-Arousy Maha , Shalabi Lobna , Mansour Tarek 
Published: December 2011

AbstractMicrosporidia are intracellular opportunistic parasites that cause chronic diarrhea in AIDS patients. Little is known about the prevalence of these pathogens in pediatric cases with cancer and diarrhea. Unidentified causes of chronic diarrhea were previously encountered in pediatric cancer patients at the National Cancer Institute in Egypt. Therefore, this study tried to search for the contribution of microsporidia as a causative agent of diarrhea in this population using acid-fast trichrome stain as a specific staining and the PCR in order to evaluate the staining technique in clinical diagnosis of microsporidia. Between January 2008 and June 2009, 271 diarrheic samples from pediatric patients with cancer were studied. Microsporidia were confirmed in 13 (4.8%) cases by both PCR and staining, and additional 2 samples were positive only by staining. As a negative control, stool samples from 60 diarrheic children without malignant cancer and no microsporidia detection were examined by these two methods. So, it can be concluded that adding a diagnostic test for microsporidia to the clinical laboratory work in hospitals concerned with cancer is essential. Acid fast trichrome staining technique as being nearly efficacious as the PCR, but simpler and less expensive, can replace the molecular techniques for the diagnosis of microsporidia.
Ieredactylus rivuli gen. et sp. nov. (Monogenea, Gyrodactylidae) from Rivulus hartii (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae) in Trinidad
Authors: Schelkle Bettina , Paladini Giuseppe , Shinn Andrew , King Stanley , Johnson Mireille , Oosterhout Cock , Mohammed Ryan , Cable Joanne 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA new genus and species of Gyrodactylidae, Ieredactylus rivuli gen. et sp. nov. (Platyhelminthes, Monogenea), is described from the skin of Hart’s Rivulus (Rivulus hartii Boulenger), a cyprinodontiform fish collected from streams of the Caroni and Oropouche drainages and the Pitch Lake in Trinidad (prevalence all localities: 16.7–94.6%; mean parasite intensity 1–9 parasites/fish; range 1–34) with the holotype originating from a tributary of the Aripo River. This viviparous monogenean is distinctive from other genera of Gyrodactylidae by its split ventral bar membrane, the shape of its male copulatory organ, the presence of two conical accessory pieces associated with the hamulus root and two differently shaped marginal hook sickles. Its unique rDNA sequence shows the closest ITS2 similarity (70%) to Gyrodactyloides andriaschewii Bychowsky et Poljansky, 1953. The presence of I. rivuli gen. et sp. nov. in the Pitch Lake indicates an adaptation to extreme environmental conditions such as high temperatures and hydrocarbons and adverse pH. Guppies may potentially serve as temporary hosts. The parasite displays distinct behaviours, including a characteristic ‘swimming-like’ movement. The ecology and phylogeny of I. rivuli gen. et sp. nov. is discussed in relation to the diversity of other gyrodactylids in Trinidad.
Enantioselective Reaction of Imines and Benzyl Nitriles Using Palladium Pincer Complexes with C2‐Symmetric Chiral Bis(imidazoline)s
Authors: Hyodo Kengo , Nakamura Shuichi , Tsuji Kotaro , Ogawa Takahiro , Funahashi Yasuhiro , Shibata Norio 
Published: December 2011

AbstractEnantioselective reactions of a wide variety of benzyl nitriles with N‐tosylimines catalyzed by novel chiral 1,3‐bis(imidazolin‐2‐yl)benzene‐palladium(II) [Phebim‐Pd(II)] complexes have afforded the respective products in high yield with good enantioselectivity. A reaction mechanism is proposed based on X‐ray crystal structures of palladium complexes.
Intramolecular Carbonyl Nitroso Ene Reaction Catalyzed by Iron(III) Chloride/Hydrogen Peroxide as an Efficient Tool for Direct Allylic Amination
Authors: Atkinson Duncan , Kabeshov Mikhail A. , Edgar Mark , Malkov Andrei V. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA mild, simple oxidation protocol employing iron(III) chloride as a catalyst and hydrogen peroxide as a stoichiometric oxidant was found to be compatible with an intramolecular carbonyl nitroso ene reaction and allowed us to efficiently convert hydroxamic acids into a diverse range of 1,2‐ and 1,3‐amino alcohol derivatives in a single operation.
Thermodynamics of metal reactants for ammonia synthesis from steam, nitrogen and biomass at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Michalsky Ronald , Pfromm Peter H. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractCatalytic ammonia synthesis at approximately 30 MPa and 800 K consumes about 5% of the global annual natural gas production causing significant CO2 emissions. A conceptual solar thermochemical reaction cycle to produce NH3 at near atmospheric pressure without natural gas is explored here and compared to solar thermochemical steam/air reforming to provide H2 used in the Haber‐Bosch process for NH3 synthesis. Mapping of Gibbs free energy planes quantifies the tradeoff between the yield of N2 reduction via metal nitridation, and NH3 liberation via steam hydrolysis vs. the temperatures required for reactant recovery from undesirably stable metal oxides. Equilibrium composition simulations suggest that reactants combining an ionic nitride‐forming element (e.g., Mg or Ce) with a transition metal (e.g., MgCr2O4, MgFe2O4, or MgMoO4) may enable the concept near 0.1 MPa (at maximum 64 mol % yield of Mg3N2 through nitridation of MgFe2O4 at 1,300 K, and 72 mol % of the nitrogen in Mg3N2 as NH3 during hydrolysis at 500 K). © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 58: 3203–3213, 2012
Novel insights in transport mechanisms and kinetics of phenylacetic acid and penicillin‐G in Penicillium chrysogenum
Authors: Douma Rutger D. , Deshmukh Amit T. , de Jonge Lodewijk P. , de Jong Bouke W. , Seifar Reza M. , Heijnen Joseph J. , van Gulik Walter M. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAlthough penicillin‐G (PenG) production by the fungus Penicillium chrysogenum is a well‐studied process, little is known about the mechanisms of transport of the precursor phenylacetic acid (PAA) and the product PenG over the cell membrane. To obtain more insight in the nature of these mechanisms, in vivo stimulus response experiments were performed with PAA and PenG in chemostat cultures of P. chrysogenum at time scales of seconds to minutes. The results indicated that PAA is able to enter the cell by passive diffusion of the undissociated acid at a high rate, but is at the same time actively excreted, possibly by an ATP‐binding cassette transporter. This results in a futile cycle, dissipating a significant amount of metabolic energy, which was confirmed by increased rates of substrate and oxygen consumption, and carbon dioxide production. To estimate the kinetic properties of passive import and active export of PAA over the cell membrane, a dynamic mathematical model was constructed. With this model, a good description of the dynamic data could be obtained. Also, PenG was found to be rapidly taken up by the cells upon extracellular addition, indicating that PenG transport is reversible. The measured concentration gradient of PenG over the cell membrane corresponded well with facilitated transport. Also, for PenG transport, a dynamic model was constructed and validated with experimental data. The outcome of the model simulations was in agreement with the presence of a facilitated transport system for PenG. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2012
D‐Ring‐Opened Phragmalin‐Type Limonoids from Chukrasia tabularis var. velutina
Authors: Luo Jun , Li Yi , Wang Jun‐Song , Kong Ling‐Yi 
Published: December 2011

AbstractFive new D‐ring‐opened phragmalin‐type limonoids, tabulalins A–E (1–5, resp.), were isolated from the stem bark of Chukrasia tabularis var. velutina. In the structures of these new isolates, the D‐ring (C(16)/C(17) δ‐lactone ring) of phragmalins was cleaved, and rare C(16)/C(30) δ‐lactone ring in 1–3 or C(16)/C(8) γ‐lactone ring in 4 and 5 were formed. The structures of these new compounds were elucidated based on extensive 1D‐ and 2D‐spectroscopic analyses (HSQC, HMBC, and ROESY) and HR‐ESI‐MS. The major compounds, 2, 3, and 5, were evaluated for their inhibitory activities against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced nitric oxide (NO) production in a macrophage (RAW264.7) cell line with IC50 values of 15.3±0.6, 13.0±0.5, and 17.1±0.7 μM, respectively.
‘Tocol‐omic’ Diversity in Wild Barley, Short Communication
Authors: Shen Yu , Lebold Katie , Lansky Ephraim Philip , Traber Maret G. , Nevo Eviatar 
Published: December 2011

AbstractHordeum spontaneum, wild barley, is the direct progenitor of domestic barley, Hordeum vulgare, an economically important ingredient of animal feed, beer, soy sauce, and more recently, of nutraceuticals. Domestic barley has also been used in the past as a medicine. Barley is a rich source of tocotrienols, with α‐tocotrienol being the most prevalent. Wild barley seeds were harvested from ecogeographically diverse areas across the Fertile Crescent, and the tocopherol (α–δ) and tocotrienol (α–δ) contents were determined. Diversity differences in individual and total ‘tocol’ values were significant between and within specific countries, and were significantly correlated with temperature. Wild barley may be used in the future to improve functional qualities of domestic barley. ‘Tocolome’ and ‘tocolomics’ are proposed to encompass all tocols and potentially synergy‐enhancing ‘entourage’ compounds that may occur in tocols' ‘metabolomic neighborhoods’, aiding the standardized manufacture of complex barley derivatives for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical functions.
Variation in Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Grain along a Domestication Gradient
Authors: Peña‐Valdivia Cecilia Beatriz , García‐Nava J. Rodolfo , Aguirre R J. Rogelio , Ybarra‐Moncada Ma. Carmen , López H Maritza 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe objective of this study was to compare six samples of Mexican wild common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) against three landraces and three improved cultivars with respect to physical and chemical attributes, and the culinary quality potential of their grain. A completely randomized experimental design was used to characterize the twelve genotypes. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and pair‐wise comparison of the treatment means by the Tukey test. In addition, correlation and principal‐component analysis (PCA) were carried out using twelve characteristics of raw and four of cooked wild and domesticated grains. The results show a larger variability of the physical and chemical characteristics in wild than in domesticated beans. The PCA confirmed that grain gigantism was the main physical characteristic resulting of domestication, whereas the protein and tryptophan contents tended to be higher in wild than domesticated genotypes. Some wild samples from Chihuahua and Durango, Mexico, showed to be a genetic resource to improve food quality, because of their richness in minerals, protein, lysine, tryptophan, and dietary fibers.
Intracolonial Allocation of Trisoxazole Macrolides in the Sponge Pachastrissa nux
Authors: Sirirak Thanchanok , Intaraksa Niwan , Kaewsuwan Sireewan , Yuenyongsawad Supreeya , Suwanborirux Khanit , Plubrukarn Anuchit 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPachastrissa nux has two distinctive growth forms in one colony, i.e., the protruding gorgonian‐shaped capitum and the substratum‐attached irregular‐shaped base. The sponge has the ability to allocate specifically its major secondary metabolites to the two parts in different levels. Using two cytotoxic trisoxazole macrolides, kabiramides C (2) and G (3), as chemical markers, it was found that the capitum accumulated higher contents of either or both compounds than did the base. However, there were neither inductive nor suppressive correlations among the allocation profiles of either compound in either part of the sponge. The allocation of kabiramides was a trade‐off with the structural materials involved in reinforcing the strength of the sponge. To date, this is the second report that provides evidence of the specific allocation of bioactive metabolites in two distinctively different organ‐like structures in a single sponge colony.
Vacuum thrombectomy of large right atrial thrombus
Authors: Dudiy Yuriy , Kronzon Itzhak , Cohen Howard A. , Ruiz Carlos E. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe report a novel technique for percutaneous removal of the right heart thrombi using a suction cannula. This method allowed complete en bloc removal of the right atrial thrombus avoiding surgical procedure in a high risk patient. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Electron Correlation in Real Time
Authors: Sansone Giuseppe , Pfeifer Thomas , Simeonidis Konstantinos , Kuleff Alexander I. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractElectron correlation, caused by the interaction among electrons in a multielectron system, manifests itself in all states of matter. A complete theoretical description of interacting electrons is challenging; different approximations have been developed to describe the fundamental aspects of the correlation that drives the evolution of simple (few‐electron systems in atoms/molecules) as well as complex (multielectron wave functions in atoms, molecules, and solids) systems. Electron correlation plays a key role in the relaxation mechanisms that characterize excited states of neutral or ionized atoms and molecules populated by absorption of extreme ultraviolet (XUV) or X‐ray radiation. The dynamics of these states can lead to different processes such as Fano resonance and Auger decay in atoms or interatomic Coulombic decay or charge migration in molecules and clusters. Many of these relaxation mechanisms are ubiquitous in nature and characterize the interaction of complex systems, such as biomolecules, adsorbates on surfaces, and hydrogen‐bonded clusters, with XUV light. These mechanisms evolve typically on the femtosecond (1 fs=10−15 s) or sub‐femtosecond timescale. The experimental availability of few‐femtosecond and attosecond (1 as=10−18 s) XUV pulses achieved in the last 10 years offers, for the first time, the opportunity to excite and probe in time these dynamics giving the possibility to trace and control multielectron processes. The generation of ultrashort XUV radiation has triggered the development and application of spectroscopy techniques that can achieve time resolution well into the attosecond domain, thereby offering information on the correlated electronic motion and on the correlation between electron and nuclear motion. A deeper understanding of how electron correlation works could have a large impact in several research fields, such as biochemistry and biology, and trigger important developments in the design and optimization of electronic devices.
Chemical Etching of Zinc Oxide for Thin‐Film Silicon Solar Cells
Authors: Hüpkes Jürgen , Owen Jorj I. , Pust Sascha E. , Bunte Eerke 
Published: December 2011

AbstractChemical etching is widely applied to texture the surface of sputter‐deposited zinc oxide for light scattering in thin‐film silicon solar cells. Based on experimental findings from the literature and our own results we propose a model that explains the etching behavior of ZnO depending on the structural material properties and etching agent. All grain boundaries are prone to be etched to a certain threshold, that is defined by the deposition conditions and etching solution. Additionally, several approaches to modify the etching behavior through special preparation and etching steps are provided.
Ecogeomorphic expressions of an aspect‐controlled semiarid basin: I. Topographic analyses with high‐resolution data sets
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Jurado Hugo A. , Vivoni Enrique R. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTUnderstanding vegetation effects on hydrogeomorphic processes requires detailed studies at the catchment scale using high‐resolution topographic data. We perform topographic analyses in a semiarid basin in central New Mexico with opposing north and south facing slopes. Utilizing a set of terrain metrics, we explore the impact of topographic resolution and quality from three digital elevation models (DEMs): (1) Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (10 m); (2) differential Global Positioning System (4 m); and (3) Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR, 1 m). The sequentially improved terrain data sets progressively reveal topographic and geomorphic differences in north and facing hillslopes associated with vegetation contrasts. For example, we found less frequent fluvial erosion in the more mesic, north facing slope with a juniper‐grass ecosystem as compared with a more xeric, south facing slope with a desert shrubland. Furthermore, the high‐resolution LiDAR data also revealed weakly steeper south facing slopes, contradicting previous work with coarser topographic products. A sensitivity analysis revealed that hillslope diffusion occurs in north facing ecosystems because of relatively higher slope, whereas fluvial erosion in the south facing ecosystem is a result of large contributing areas. The use of LiDAR data also discriminates statistically between different sediment transport regimes in the north and south facing slopes because of different dominant factors. Improvements in the definition of ecogeomorphic properties from LiDAR point to the need for high‐resolution DEMs for assessing vegetation–hydrogeomorphic interactions at the catchment and hillslope scales. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of throughfall variability on recharge: application to hemlock and deciduous forests in western Massachusetts
Authors: Guswa Andrew J. , Spence Caitlin M. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTVegetation canopies intercept and redistribute precipitation in space. Although throughfall patterns are challenging to correlate with plant characteristics, many studies have shown that the spatial patterns persist through time. This persistence leads to wet and dry spots that can affect recharge, transpiration, and other nonlinear ecohydrologic and biogeochemical processes. A stochastic framework is used to determine the effect of throughfall variability on hydrologic fluxes. Throughfall variability increases and concentrates recharge, and the magnitude of the effect depends on the character of throughfall variability along with characteristics of climate, soil, and vegetation.This framework is also used to explore specific differences in summertime recharge between stands of deciduous trees (birch, maple, and oak) and eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis). Throughout the eastern United States, the invasive hemlock woolly adelgid poses a significant threat to hemlock forests, and replacement of hemlock forests by other species has the potential to alter hydrologic fluxes and other processes. Field investigations in 2009 and 2010 indicate that, relative to deciduous stands, hemlock canopies intercept more water and tend to produce dry rather than wet spots. Although deciduous stands produce more throughfall, model results indicate that differences in canopy interception are outweighed by large differences in peak transpiration rates, and predictions of summertime recharge are lower in deciduous forests than in hemlock. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.