bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross‐species amplification of 44 microsatellite loci developed for Chaetodon trifascialis, C. lunulatus and C. vagabundus in 22 related butterflyfish species
Authors: LAWTON REBECCA J. , PRATCHETT MORGAN S. , BAY LINE K. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractForty‐four microsatellite primers developed for three species of butterflyfish were cross‐tested against 22 related confamilial species. Amplification success and cross‐species transferability of these markers were moderately high. Between 24 and 37 loci were amplified successfully in each species, with a mean success rate per species of 71.7% (± 1.8 SE). Rates of amplification success were comparable among primers designed for the three source species, ranging from a mean success rate per species of 16.9 loci (± 0.8 SE) for Chaetodon trifascialis source loci to 13.7 loci (± 1.5 SE) for C. vagabundus source loci. Polymorphism rates were high (76.1%± 3.1 SE of all successfully amplified loci), and 10 loci were polymorphic in all successfully amplified species (Tri14, B11, C5, D3, D113, D6, D117, D120, D111, D118). The number of alleles per polymorphic locus ranged from 2 to 8, and the average number of alleles across all polymorphic loci and all species was 3.6 (± 0.07 SE). Polymorphism rates were higher overall in primers designed for C. vagabundus (89.9%± 3.9 SE). Overall cross‐testing success was lowest for Heniochus chrysostomus, the most phylogenetically divergent species. The significant cross‐testing reported here provides a valuable resource that will enable population genetics studies to be undertaken on a range of butterflyfishes without the need for expensive and time‐consuming de novo microsatellite development.
Sevoflurane Postconditioning Ameliorates Oxygen–Glucose Deprivation—Reperfusion Injury in the Rat Hippocampus
Authors: Peng Sheng , Kalikiri Pramood , Mychaskiw II George , Zhang Dengxin , Zhang Yan , Liu Gong‐Jian , Wang Guang‐Lei , Shen Zhi‐yun 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYIntroduction: Sevoflurane is well known to exert a neuroprotective effect through anesthetic preconditioning. However, its effects on postconditioning, a neuroprotective phenomenon following an insult, have not been well studied. Aims: In this study, we examined the ability of sevoflurane to induce postconditioning in rat hippocampal slices, in vitro. Results: 2%, 4%, and 6% sevoflurane reduced neurophysiologic and morphologic neuronal injury following oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD) and reperfusion. The quantity of damaged neurons was significantly reduced on immunofluorescence staining; excitatory amino acids (Asp, Glu) increased and inhibitory amino acids (GABA) decreased significantly. The effect was concentration‐dependent. Conclusion: Postconditioning with sevoflurane reduces neuronal damage after OGD—reperfusion injury in the CA1 area of rat hippocampus, in vitro.
The prevalence of functional quorum‐sensing systems in recently emerged Vibrio cholerae toxigenic strains
Authors: Wang Yunduan , Wang Hui , Cui Zhigang , Chen Haili , Zhong Zengtao , Kan Biao , Zhu Jun 
Published: September 2010

Summary Vibrio cholerae live in aquatic environments and cause cholera disease. Like many other bacteria, V. cholerae use quorum‐sensing (QS) systems to control various cellular functions, such as pathogenesis and biofilm formation. However, some V. cholerae strains are naturally QS‐defective, including defective mutations in the QS master regulator HapR. Here we examined the QS functionality of 602 V. cholerae clinical and environmental strains isolated in China from 1960 to 2007, by measuring QS‐regulated gene expression. We found that a greater percentage of the toxigenic strains (ctxAB+) had functional QS as compared with the non‐toxigenic strains (ctxAB‐), and that this trend increased significantly over time. We hypothesize that QS provides adaptive value in V. cholerae pathogenic settings.
Results of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy as a single stage bariatric procedure in Japanese patients
Authors: Sasaki A , Umemura A , Nishizuka S , Nakajima J , Uesugi N , Wakabayashi G 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIntroduction: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is a quick and relatively simple bariatric operation, which thus far has shown good resolution of comorbidities and weight loss. Here we report on the short‐term outcomes of LSG as a single‐stage bariatric procedure in Japanese cases of morbid obesity.Methods: Between June 2008 and January 2010, seven Japanese morbidly obese patients underwent LSG. The data collected included patient demographics, clinical outcomes, changes in ghrelin, and gastric expressions of ghrelin.Results: Late gastric leak occurred in one patient and was treated with an endoscopic mucosal closure after failed attempts to treat percutaneous abdominal drainage. The median postoperative body weight loss at 6 months and 1 year were 41 kg (range, 22–45 kg) and 55 kg (range, 52–58 kg), respectively. The median percentage excess weight loss at 6 months and 1 year were 56% (range, 42%–70%) and 68% (range, 49%–87%), respectively. Resolution or improvement rates of comorbidities in the five patients followed up for more than 6 months were 100% for type 2 diabetes, hypertension, sleep apnea syndrome, and dyslipidemia, and 80% for hyperuremia. Plasma ghrelin levels were very low and were not significantly different postoperatively, and the number of ghrelin‐positive cells assessed by immunochemistry of the gastric fundus was similar to that of the control group.Discussion: For Japanese patients with morbid obesity, LSG may represent an effective weight loss method that can resolve comorbidities in a single‐stage bariatric procedure. Further studies are required to determine the long‐term efficacy of LSG in term of weight loss.
Autoimmunity as a principal pathogenic factor in the refined model of neuropsychiatric lupus
Authors: Loheswaran Genane , Stanojcic Mile , Xu Li , Sakic Boris 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectives:  Over the past decades, the MRL mouse model had shown significant validity in elucidating the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric lupus erythematosus (NP SLE). However, the possibility that the inherited Fas receptor deficiency (and not autoimmunity) accounts for central nervous system (CNS) damage in the original stock 485 of MRL/MpJ‐Faslpr mice could not be rejected. The aim of the present study was to examine the consequences of autoimmune disease on behavior and brain morphology, while controlling for the genetic deficiency with a new, less symptomatic 6825 stock.Methods:  Spleen mass, serum autoantibody and cytokine levels, immunoglobulins in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and brain planimetry were used to assess disease severity and CNS involvement in 5‐month‐old mice from stocks 6825 and 485. Their behavioral profiles were compared in a standard battery of tasks. The 2D‐DIGE and mass spectrometry examined brain antigens targeted by autoantibodies from serum and CSF.Results:  The 6825 mice had smaller spleens, lower antibody and cytokine levels, and less IgG in the CSF. They were more active and showed better performance in tasks reflective of anxiety and motivated behavior. Signs of brain pathology were less profound and their CSF autoantibodies showed reduced affinity for brain antigens, largely characterized as highly‐conserved cytoskeletal proteins.Conclusions:  The constellation of differences between the two MRL/MpJ‐Faslpr stocks confirms that the lpr mutation per se does not account for the brain pathology and altered behavior in the 485 stock. Together with significant correlations between immunological and behavioral measures, this observation suggests that soluble immune factors play a key role in pathogenesis of NP SLE. (Clin. Exp. Neuroimmunol. doi: 10.1111/j.1759‐1961.2010.00014.x, September 2010)
GUIDANCE LAW EVALUATION FOR MISSILE GUIDANCE SYSTEMS
Authors: Lin Chih‐Min , Hsu Chun‐Fei , Chang Shing‐Kuo , Wai Rong‐Jong 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTIn missile guidance system, to reduce the interception “miss distance,” it is important to choose a suitable guidance law and navigation constant. This paper investigates and compares the system behavior of guidance laws under different navigation constants. Based on use of the adjoint technique, miss distance sensitivity analyses which consider the system noise, target step maneuver, initial heading error and system parameters for different guidance laws and navigation constants are presented. Based on these analyses, some suggestions for choosing a suitable guidance law and navigation constant are given for the design of missile guidance systems. Also, a suggestion for the optimal escape time for pilots of fighter planes is given.
SINGULARITY COMPUTATION FOR ITERATIVE CONTROL OF NONLINEAR AFFINE SYSTEMS
Authors: Popa Dan O. , Wen John T. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThis paper considers a gradient type of iterative algorithm applied to the open loop control for nonlinear affine systems. The convergence of the algorithm relies on the control signal in each iteration be nonsingular. We present an algorithm for computing the singular control for a general class of nonlinear affine systems. Various nonlinear mechanical systems, including nonholonomic systems, are included as examples.
IMPLEMENTATION OF A DRIVING SIMULATOR BASED ON A STEWART PLATFORM AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Tseng Hung‐Lung , Fong I‐Kong 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThis paper describes works related to the development of a land vehicle driving simulator, which consists of a Stewart platform as its motion device and a computer graphical system as its visual component. The main task is to enable the pilot‐experience the sensation of motion while driving the vehicle under the constraint of the platform's finite working space. Involved are works such as establishment of the vehicle dynamical model, analysis of the forces acting on the pilot, and application of the washout algorithm and human motion sensation models. With the results from these works, appropriate motion trajectory commands for the platform can be generated. Besides the physical motion part, a computer graphical system is installed to generate scenes that give visual cues. While following the pilot's steering signals and matching the platform's motion, the visual system creates animation scenes of the environment, which are shown on a large screen in front of the pilot through an LCD projector. To test the completed system, different pilots operate it and give subjective assessments. Also, gyros are mounted on the platform to measure its responses to motion commands. Here some experimental results are summarized and discussed.
ROBUST NONLINEAR CONTROLLER DESIGN FOR A LONGITUDINAL FLIGHT CONTROL PROBLEM
Authors: Hu Shr‐Shiung , Chang B.C. , Yeh H.H. , Kwatny H.G. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTIn this paper, the H∞ approximate I/O linearization formulation and μ‐synthesis are employed to design a nonlinear controller for an aircraft longitudinal flight control problem. We propose modified nonlinear H∞ controller formulas to approximately linearize the system and use μ‐synthesis to address tracking, regulation, and robustness issues.
OPEN‐LOOP AND CLOSED‐LOOP OPTIMIZATION OF LINEAR CONTROL SYSTEMS
Authors: Gabasov R. , Kirillova F.M. , Balashevich N.V. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTA canonical optimal control problem for linear systems with time‐varying coefficients is considered in the class of discrete controls. On the basis of linear programming methods, two primal and two dual methods of constructing optimal open‐loop controls are proposed. A method of synthesis of optimal feedback control is described. Results are illustrated by a fourth‐order problem; estimates of efficiency of proposed methods are given.
AN ALGORITHM FOR DIGITAL IMPLEMENTATION OF TRAJECTORY TRACKING CONTROLLERS
Authors: Aguilar J. L. Mancilla , García R. A. , Troparevsky M. I. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTIn this work, we study the problem of the digital implementation of continuous‐time solutions to the trajectory tracking control problem for nonlinear systems. We exhibit an example that shows that, in general, no proper behavior of the tracking error can be expected when these solutions are implemented via the Sampling and Zero Order Hold technique. Inspired in some constructions developed in the context of Positional Games, we present a sampled‐data controller that, based on a continuous‐time solution of the tracking problem, assures semiglobal practical stability of the tracking error, with final error arbitrarily small if we choose a suitable sampling period. The controller is robust with respect to small external disturbances and small errors in the measurements.
A Learning‐Theoretic Approach To Model‐Set Identification
Authors: Oishi Yasuaki , Kimura Hidenori 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTA new approach to model‐set identification is proposed based on an agnostic learning theory. The squared prediction error is estimated together with its uncertainty uniformly in some parameter region. Based on this estimation, a model set is constructed so as to include the best model. The proposed approach does not require assumptions on the true dynamics or the noise, neither does it need infinite number of input‐output data in order to justify its result. But it guarantees that the size of the identified model set converges to zero as the number of input‐output data increases. Improvement of the precision is considered on the proposed identification method. Generalization of the approach is discussed and a numerical example is presented.
Just‐in‐Time Modeling for Function Prediction and Its Applications
Authors: Zheng Qiubao , Kimura Hidenori 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThis paper introduces a variant of k Bipartite Neighbors (k‐BN), called k‐BN2, for use in function prediction. Like k‐BN, k‐BN2 selects k instances surrounding the query, i.e., the novel instance, and keeps them bipartitely. However, in order to improve the prediction precision, based on the bipartite neighborhood, k‐BN2 combines local linear models and the global nonlinear model to predict the value of the novel instance. Applied to two real measured datasets, k‐BN2 outperforms the typical k‐BN andthose methods in which k‐BN or a related approximate physical model alone is exploited.
Stability of a Trajectory‐Based Control Law for an Unknown Nonlinear Non‐Minimum Phase System
Authors: Brockwell Anthony , Evans Rob , Mareels Iven 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTWe investigate the stability of an unknown nonlinear discrete‐time non‐minimum phase system under a trajectory‐based control law. The system can be regarded as a first‐order approximation to a continuous‐time system. Hence, one of the parameters in the discrete‐time system equation can be regarded as the “sampling interval”. We show that, subject to certain conditions, as long as the sampling interval is neither too short nor too long, the closed‐loop system is stable in a certain sense.
The Search of Equilibrium Strategies for Controlled Boundary Value Problem
Authors: Vasilieva Olga 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThe present paper is focused on the finite‐time differential game of m players with nonzero sum. The principal difference from regular cases consists in the fact that the states of players are subordinated to boundary value system of ordinary differential equations (rather than the initial value system). By the end of the game we understand the equilibrium situation and our purpose is to design a well‐founded suitable method for the equilibrium control search.
H∞ Control of Linear Discrete‐Time Systems With Norm‐Bounded Nonlinear Uncertainties
Authors: Peng Zhihong , Cai Zixing 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTIn this paper, robust H∞ control of a class of discrete‐time uncertain systems in state‐space form with linear nominal parts and norm‐bounded nonlinear uncertainties in both state and output equations is discussed. Such systems have a unique characterisic; that is, the two norm‐bounded nonlinear uncertainties have the equivalent representation by means of time‐varying and norm‐bounded linear uncertainties. To overcome the conservativenss of [5], the two nonlinear uncertainty sets are considered to be different. Then, by converting such systems into related discrete‐time linear systems with time‐varying and norm‐bounded linear uncertainties, we obtain that a sufficient condition for robust H∞ control of such systems is equivalent to the solvability of the same problem of the related linear uncertain systems, which is solvable by means of a linear algebraic Riccati inequality.
On The Approximation Capability of Neural Networks ‐ Dynamic System Modeling and Control
Authors: Chak Chu Kwong , Feng Gang , Ma Jian 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThis paper discusses issues related to the approximation capability of neural networks in modeling and control. We show that neural networks are universal models and universal controllers for a class of nonlinear dynamic systems. That is, for a given dynamic system, there exists a neural network which can model the system to any degree of accuracy over time. Moreover, if the system to be controlled is stabilized by a continuous controller, then there exists a neural network which can approximate the controller such that the system controlled by the neural network is also stabilized with a given bound of output error.
Design of an Optimal Unknown Input Observer for Load Compensation in Motion Systems
Authors: Hsu Pau‐Lo , Houng Yow‐Choung , Yeh Syh‐Shiuh 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTRecently, several model‐based control designs have been proposed for motion systems and computerized numerical control (CNC) machines to improve motion accuracy. However, in real applications, their performance is seriously degraded when significant disturbances or cutting forces are applied. In this paper, we derive straightforward design procedures for a general‐structured unknown input observer (UIO) which perfectly decouples the effect of the external disturbance from the state estimation. Furthermore, we derive the optimal UIO by minimizing the estimation errors for both the state and the disturbance via the Riccati equation. Experimental results show that the performance of alladvanced motion controllers suffers when external loads are applied. By compensating for the disturbance of a servo motor using the proposed optimal‐UIO, the original contouring accuracy, which is degraded by the external loading, can be successfully recovered.
Fine Tuning Of Membership Functions For Fuzzy Neural Systems
Authors: Lee Ching‐Hung , Teng Ching‐Cheng 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a new method for fine‐tuning the Gaussian membership functions of a fuzzy neural network (FNN) to improve approximation accuracy. This method results in special shape membership functions without the convex property. We first recall that any continuous function can be represented by a linear combination of Gaussian functions with any standard deviation. Therefore, the Gaussian membership function in the second layer of the FNN can be replaced by several small Gaussian functions; the weighting vectors of this new network (called FNN5) can then be updated using the backpropagation algorithm. The proposed method can adapt proper membership functions for any nonlinear input/output mapping to achieve highly accurate approximation. Convergence analysis shows that the weighting vectors of the FNN5 eventually converge to the optimal values. Simulation results indicate that (a) this approach improves approximation accuracy, and (b) that the number of rules can be reduced for any given level of accuracy. For the purpose of illustrating the proposed method, the FNN5 is also applied to tune PI controllers such that gain and phase margins of the closed‐loop system achieve the desired specifications.
Aggressive Longitudinal Aircraft Path Tracking Using Nonlinear Control
Authors: Al‐Hiddabi Saif A. , McClamroch N. Harris 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTWe study the problem of converting a trajectory tracking controller to a path tracking controller for a nonlinear non‐minimum phase longitudinal aircraft model. The solution of the trajectory tracking problem is based on the requirement that the aircraft follows a given time parameterized trajectory in inertial frame. In this paper we introduce an alternative nonlinear control design approach called path tracking control. The path tracking approach is based on designing a nonlinear state feedback controller that maintains a desired speed along a desired path with closed loop stability. This design approach is different from the trajectory tracking approach where aircraft speed and position are regulated along the desired path. The path tracking controller regulates the position errors transverse to the desired path but it does not regulate the position error along the desired path. First, a trajectory tracking controller, consisting of feedforward and static state feedback, is designed to guarantee uniform asymptotic trajectory tracking. The feedforward is determined by solving a stable noncausal inversion problem. Constant feedback gains are determined based on LQR with singular perturbation approach. A path tracking controller is then obtained from the trajectory tracking controller by introducing a suitable state projection.
Evolutionary‐Programming‐Based Kalman Filter for Discrete‐Time Nonlinear Uncertain Systems
Authors: Guo Shu‐Mei , Shieh Leang‐San , Lin Ching‐Fang , Coleman Norman P. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTSome observations and improvements on the conventional Kalman filtering scheme to function properly are presented. The improvements can be achieved using the minimal principle evolutionary programming (EP) technique. A new linearization methodology is presented to obtain the exact linear models of a class of discrete‐time nonlinear time‐invariant systems at operating states of interest, so that the conventional Kalman filter can work for the nonlinear stochastic systems. Furthermore, a Kalman innovation filtering algorithm and such an algorithm based on the evolutionary programming optimal‐search technique are proposed in this paper for discrete‐time time‐invariant nonlinear stochastic systems with unknown‐but‐bounded plant uncertainties and noise uncertainties to find a practically implementable “best” Kalman filter. The worst‐case realization of the discrete‐time nonlinear stochastic uncertain systems represented by the interval form with respect to the implemented “best” nominal filter is also found in this paper for demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed filtering scheme.
A Study On Iterative Learning Control With Adjustment Of Learning Interval For Monotone Convergence In The Sense Of Sup‐Norm
Authors: Park Kwang‐Hyun , Bien Zeungnam 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTIt has been found that some huge overshoot in the sense of sup‐norm may be observed when typical iterative learning control (ILC) algorithms are applied to LTI systems, even though monotone convergence in the sense of λ‐norm is guaranteed. In this paper, a new ILC algorithm with adjustment of learning interval is proposed to resolve such an undesirable phenomenon, and it is shown that the output error can be monotonically converged to zero in the sense of sup‐norm when the proposed ILC algorithm is applied. A numerical example is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Bifurcation Analysis of the Zero Dynamics and the Practical Stabilization of Nonlinear Minimum‐Phase Systems
Authors: Byrnes C.I. , Isidori A. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTIt is well‐known that, in a globally minimum phase nonlinear system, high‐gain output feedback can be used to steer trajectories from any arbitrarily large compact set to any arbitrary small neighborhood of the origin. The question, however, of describing the asymptotic behavior of the closed loop system so obtained inside this small neighborhood has remained open. In this paper we address this question. In particular, we describe explicitly, in terms of properties of the open‐loop system, the structure of certain compact attractors that might exists and determine their stability in the sense of Lyapunov.