bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Skeletal Dysplasia
Authors: Antsaklis Aris , Anastasakis Eleftherios 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACT
The word dysplasia originates from the ancient Greek words dys (anomalous) and plasia (formation). Skeletal dysplasia (SD) is a heterogeneous group of congenital anomalies characterized by abnormalities in the development of bone and cartilage tissues. These diseases may present either in the form of isolated findings or a phenotypic manifestation of a chromosomal aberration or a genetic disorder. Prenatal diagnosis is mainly on the ultrasonographic appearance, which is usually achieved during the second trimester of pregnancy. Two-dimensional ultrasonography may detect the majority of SD, however, difficulties in the diagnosis as well as the differential diagnosis are frequently arising. In such cases, further evaluation is needed by the use of additional imaging modalities or by invasive procedures, in order to detect an underlying chromosomal abnormality or a single gene disorder. Accurate diagnosis is crucial in order to establish successful genetic counseling as well as appropriate case management. This approach includes the use of three-dimensional ultrasonography and three-dimensional computed tomography; whereas fetal magnetic resonance imaging is less important. These new imaging modalities have an important role in the prenatal multidisciplinary approach of the diagnosis of SD. Despite the indisputable progress that has been achieved during the last few years, in some cases, the antenatal detection of SD delays and is feasible only at the late second or even third trimester. Thus, important ethical and medical issues arise in the antenatal management and counseling of these pregnancies, particularly in the case of lethal SD.
From Fetal Imaging to Pediatric Gynecology Imaging in a 22-Year Span
Authors: Almirante Corazon Yabes 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACT
A review of the ultrasound experiences of the author since 1989 up to the present. Ultrasound pictures taken for fetal and pediatric gynecology imaging are presented. The impact of ultrasound examination is the improvement of perinatal outcome and diagnosis and management of gynecological problems of children, thus preserving their future fertility.
Hypotensive Anesthesia with Propofol Infusion Pump: A Boon for Endoscopic Sinus and Nasal Polyps Surgery
Authors: Naik Sudhir M , Naik Sarika S 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTBackgroundSuccessful outcome of endoscopic sinus surgery depends on complete visualization of the operative field and intraoperative control of bleeding. Major disadvantage of general anesthesia is the increased bleeding encountered, which can interfere with optimum visualization of the intranasal anatomy unless hypotensive methods are used.ObjectivesTo study the different anesthetic techniques in relation to their impact on blood loss and duration of surgery. The role of propofol was also evaluated.DesignDepartment of Anesthesia and ENT, Head and Neck Surgery, KVG Medical College and Hospital, Sullia, Karnataka, India.Materials and methods213 cases of endoscopic sinus surgeries done for nasal polyposis, sinusitis, dacryocystitis and septorhinoplasties under local and general anesthesia were evaluated between June 2009 and August 2010.ResultA good operative field was seen with propofol anesthesia compared to halothane anesthesia. The problems of fogging and frequent suctioning were lesser with propofol hypotensive anesthesia.ConclusionHypotensive anesthesia using propofol infusion is the anesthesia of choice for extensive nasal polyposis. Propofol when used both for induction as well as maintenance of general anesthesia in endoscopic sinus surgeries significantly reduces the blood loss, thereby improving the visibility of the endonasal structures and minimizes the chance of complications related to endoscopic sinus surgery.
A Study of External Nasal Splints used in Nasal Bone Fractures and Rhinoplasties
Authors: Naik Sudhir , Naik Sudhir M 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT

Background/Objectives
Plaster of Paris (POP), thermoplastic splints and self-adhesive padded aluminium splints are the most common splinting methods used after reduction of fractured nasal bones and rhinoplasty. All these methods have their proponents but may have one or more disadvantages in the way of being cumbersome, time-consuming, bulky, conspicuous and expensive.

Design
A retrospective study at KVG Medical College and Hospital, department of ENT and head and neck surgery.

Intervention
94 cases of splinting done for nasal bone fractures and rhinoplasties were included in our study. POP and adhesive aluminium splints were used to stabilize the nasal framework.

Results
Eleven cases of nondislocated nasal fractures and 10 cases of internal augmentation rhinoplasties were stabilized by aluminium nasal splints. 69 cases of displaced nasal fractures and 4 cases of external rhinoplasties were stabilized by POP splints.

Conclusions
POP splints give the best stabilization for nasal bone fractures as well as for rhinoplasties but are bulky and conspicuous. Aluminium nasal splints are not bulky and conspicuous but cannot be used for fractures with lacerations and external rhinoplasties.
Rubber, 7. Synthesis by Polyaddition, Polycondensation, and Other Mechanisms
Authors: Ackermann Jürgen , Wrobel Dieter , Hoffmann Uwe , Thomas Hans Dieter , Engehausen Rüdiger , Pask Stephen D. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:1.Silicone Rubber1.1.Properties, Grades, and Applications1.2.Production Process and Basic Chemistry1.3.Producers and Markets2.Polyurethane Rubber3.Thiokol Rubber3.1.Properties, Grades, and Applications3.1.1.History3.1.2.Grades3.1.3.Mechanical Properties, Cross‐Linking, and Applications3.2.Basic Chemistry and Production Processes3.3.Producers and Production Capacities
Transport Phenomena, 4. Macroscopic Systems
Authors: Flumerfelt Raymond W. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract

The article contains sections titled:

1.

Introduction

2.

Conservation of Total Mass

3.

Conservation of Linear Momentum

4.

Conservation of Angular Momentum

5.

An Accounting of Mechanical Energy

6.

Conservation of Total Energy

7.

An Accounting of Thermal Energy

8.

The Second Law of Thermodynamics

9.

Tabular Summary of the Macroscopic Equations

10.

Some Examples

10.1.

Pressure Drops and Temperature Changes for Closed Channel Flow

10.2.

Compressible Flow in a Tube

10.3.

Heterogeneous Reaction in a Fluidized‐Bed Reactor
Remembering Routes: Streets and Landmarks
Authors: Tom Ariane Cecile , Tversky Barbara 
Published: May 2011

SummaryRoute directions are often given on request in situ, requiring the inquirer to remember the directions. Previous work has shown that landmarks are more memorable than street names. However, in those studies, the names of landmarks were more vivid and distinctive than the street names. In two experiments, we disentangled vividness/distinctiveness from landmark/street. The major factor in memorability of routes was vividness/distinctiveness, with a slight advantage to streets. Route directions were remembered better when either the landmarks, the street names or both were more vivid and distinctive. Those high in mental imagery read the descriptions faster and remembered them better. Thus, vividness in the stimuli and visual imagery in the mind augment constructing and remembering spatial mental models because forming spatial mental models relies in part on spatial structure but also on associative learning, and vividness and visual imagery promote associative learning. The findings have implications for learning in general. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In the Dock: Chimeric Image Composites Reduce Identification Accuracy
Authors: Strathie Ailsa , McNeill Allan , White David 
Published: May 2011

SummaryThe aim of presenting chimeric images (formed from opposing halves of a pair of same or different faces) in court settings is to optimise the accuracy of identification decisions based on CCTV evidence. The experiments reported here examined the utility of this technique. Experiment 1 examined the accuracy of face matching with vertically split, aligned chimeric images, misaligned hemi‐faces and full‐face images. Experiment 2 replicated the first experiment but replaced the misaligned images with opposing hemi‐faces separated by a gap. The final experiment used horizontally split faces. All three experiments showed that matching was less accurate with aligned chimeric images than with full‐face images. Furthermore, the pattern of responses obtained with chimeric images differed significantly from full‐face matching and misaligned/separated hemi‐face matching. Chimeric images produced a bias towards same responses even when the face halves were different. The results suggest caution in the use of chimeric images in court. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parts Containing Open‐Celled Metal Foam Manufactured by the Foundry Route: Processes, Performances, and Applications
Authors: Dairon Jonathan , Gaillard Yves , Tissier Jean.‐Charles , Balloy David , Degallaix Gérard 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis work presents casting techniques developed by CTIF for manufacturing functional parts containing open‐celled metal foam. It also deals with the performances of these cast foams in energy absorption and thermal management applications and gives some examples of achievements in these fields. Regarding the manufacturing routes, the emphasis is put on the means to achieve foamed parts getting a solid skin. The obtained cast open‐celled structures are stochastic or regular. Behaviors in energy absorption of these two kinds of structures are distinguished and first results in heat exchange properties are mentioned.
Fabrication of Multifaceted Micropatterned Surfaces with Laser Scanning Lithography
Authors: Slater John H. , Miller Jordan S. , Yu Shann S. , West Jennifer L. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe implementation of engineered surfaces presenting micrometer‐sized patterns of cell adhesive ligands against a biologically inert background has led to numerous discoveries in fundamental cell biology. While existing surface patterning strategies allow patterning of a single ligand, it is still challenging to fabricate surfaces displaying multiple patterned ligands. To address this issue we implemented laser scanning lithography (LSL), a laser‐based thermal desorption technique, to fabricate multifaceted, micropatterned surfaces that display independent arrays of subcellular‐sized patterns of multiple adhesive ligands with each ligand confined to its own array. We demonstrate that LSL is a highly versatile “maskless” surface patterning strategy that provides the ability to create patterns with features ranging from 460 nm to 100 μm, topography ranging from ‐1 to 17 nm, and to fabricate both stepwise and smooth ligand surface density gradients. As validation for their use in cell studies, surfaces presenting orthogonally interwoven arrays of 1 μm × 8 μm elliptical patterns of Gly‐Arg‐Gly‐Asp‐terminated alkanethiol self‐assembled monolayers and human plasma fibronectin are produced. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells cultured on these multifaceted surfaces form adhesion sites to both ligands simultaneously and utilize both ligands for lamella formation during migration. The ability to create multifaceted, patterned surfaces with tight control over pattern size, spacing, and topography provides a platform to simultaneously investigate the complex interactions of extracellular matrix geometry, biochemistry, and topography on cell adhesion and downstream cell behavior.
Pd nanoparticles supported on hydrotalcite‐modified porous alumina spheres as selective hydrogenation catalyst
Authors: Zhang Fazhi , Chen Jiali , Chen Peng , Sun Zhiyi , Xu Sailong 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe immobilization or supporting of transition‐metal nanoparticles on carriers by different techniques has attracted much attention, considering the significance of nanocatalysts in actual practical applications. Here we report Pd nanoparticles supported on modified porous θ‐alumina spheres are adopted as heterogeneous catalysts for the selective hydrogenation of dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) to dimethyl cyclohexane‐1,4‐dicarboxylate (DMCD), a kind of significant polymer modification and intermediate. θ‐alumina spheres as supports were originally modified by in situ growth of magnesium‐aluminum layered double hydroxide (MgAl‐LDH; also known as hydrotalcite) in the pores and on the surface. Pd nanoparticles were immobilized on the supports by a subsequent wet impregnating method. The resulting Pd nanoparticles catalyst provides quite higher activity/selectivity compared with that supported on the unmodified alumina spheres with the same loading of Pd. The enhanced catalytic performance of the former can be ascribed to the higher dispersion of Pd nanoparticles and the smaller particle size. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 58: 1853–1861, 2012
Renal impairment, hemoglobinuria, and hemoglobinemia among patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Xue Fei , Wentworth Chuck , Ganesh Vanitha , Gastanaga Victor , Stryker Scott , Cha Steven , Zhao Sean 
Published: May 2011

AbstractRenal impairment (RI) and events potentially leading to RI were reported in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) patients with specific medications. This study was conducted to estimate the incidence rate (IR) of RI, hemoglobinuria and hemoglobinemia (HE) and characterize baseline risk factors in ITP and ITP‐free patients. Incident ITP and matched non‐ITP patients were identified from an electronic medical record database from 1990 to 2002. ITP patients were classified by the treatment first received (initiators) or ever received (users). All cohorts were followed for study outcomes. IRs were calculated and standardized by age and gender. A total of 881 ITP and 4,496 ITP‐free patients yielded 3,044 and 16,006 person‐years, respectively. The ITP cohort had a slightly higher prevalence of autoimmune diseases and infections than the ITP‐free cohort. The IR (/10,000 person‐years) for RI, hemoglobinuria and HE was 14.2, 35.7, and 7.1 in the ITP cohort; 10.0, 48.8, and 0 in the ITP‐free cohort; and 18.3, 37.1, and 6.1 in untreated ITP patients, respectively. The risk of RI, HE or hemoglobinuria was not found to differ substantially between ITP and non‐ITP patients or across ITP treatments. Am. J. Hematol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Iris texture traits show associations with iris color and genomic ancestry
Authors: Quillen Ellen E. , Guiltinan Jenna S. , Beleza Sandra , Rocha Jorge , Pereira Rinaldo W. , Shriver Mark D. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectives:This study seeks to identify associations among genomic biogeographic ancestry (BGA), quantitative iris color, and iris texture traits contributing to population‐level variation in these phenotypes.Methods:DNA and iris photographs were collected from 300 individuals across three variably admixed populations (Portugal, Brazil, and Cape Verde). Two raters scored the photos for pigmentation spots, Fuchs' crypts, contraction furrows, and Wolflinn nodes. Iris color was quantified from RGB values. Maximum likelihood estimates of individual BGA were calculated from 176 ancestry informative markers.Results:Pigmentation spots, Fuchs' crypts, contraction furrows, and iris color show significant positive correlation with increasing European BGA. Only contraction furrows are correlated with iris color.Conclusions:The relationship between BGA and iris texture illustrates a genetic contribution to this population‐level variation. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Perinatal winter conditions affect later reproductive performance in romanian women: Intra and intergenerational effects
Authors: Huber Susanne , Fieder Martin 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectives:To compare epidemiological studies on Austrian and New Zealand women that report below average reproductive performance after birth in summer, with a similar study in Romanian women.Methods:We examined the association between birth month and offspring count analyzing census data from Romania obtained from IPUMS International (Population and Housing Census of Romania, year 2002), totaling 411,270 women aged older than 45 years. We investigated whether socio‐economic status affected this association, and whether intergenerational effects exist for mother's birth month in relation to their daughter's offspring number.Results:The time series of mean offspring count per birth month has a highly significant period of 12 months. Contrary to our expectations, average offspring count is highest in women born in June and lowest in those born in December, with a strong coincidence between negative peak values of residuals of mean offspring count per birth month and corresponding monthly means of ambient temperature in Romania. The association between winter birth and lower offspring number is significant in poorly educated women only. For mothers born in winter there is also an association with a lower daughters' offspring count.Conclusions:Conflicting results exist between Romania and Austria/New Zealand, and may be most easily explained by women's different exposure to winter conditions in these countries. © 2011Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Blood oxidative stress in taiwan workers exposed to carbon disulfide
Authors: Luo Jiin‐Chyuan John , Shih Tung‐Sheng , Chang Cheng‐Ping , Huang Chin‐Chang 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackgroundOverexposure to carbon disulfide (CS2) has been associated with an increase in coronary heart disease, but the mechanisms mediating this effect remain unclear. We aimed to examine the relationship between CS2 exposure and oxidative stress markers, in order to clarify the oxidative mechanisms involved in CS2‐induced atherosclerosis.MethodsA total of 89 workers from a viscose rayon plant were recruited for this study, and 111 workers not exposed to CS2 served as controls. Cholesterol, triglyceride, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, GSH peroxidase, as well as total antioxidants were analyzed.ResultsThe workers exposed to CS2 had significantly higher MDA levels and lower SOD levels than the controls. The average MDA levels were 776 ± 268.2 (240–1,220) in the high exposure (≥10 ppm; n = 38), 751.6 ± 274 (170–1,320) in the low exposure (<10 ppm; n = 51), and 550.4 ± 199 (115–1,050) mM in the control group (n = 111). The average SOD levels were 36.5 ± 38.8 (0–223.5), 39.3 ± 38.8 (0–160), and 58.8 ± 60.8 (5.25, 400) U/ml in the high exposure‐, low exposure‐, and control group, respectively. MDA level increased significantly at a cumulative CS2 exposure of over 60 ppm‐years. Dyslipoproteinemia was borderline significantly associated with CS2 exposure and MDA level.ConclusionsThese results indicate that CS2 exposure can induce oxidative stress as well as reduce the levels of antioxidative enzymes, and that a cumulative exposure level of 60 ppm‐years may be a threshold value for the oxidative and the antioxidant response. Am. J. Ind. Med. 54:637–645, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A follow‐up case–control association study of tractable (druggable) genes in recurrent major depression
Authors: Schosser A. , Gaysina D. , Cohen‐Woods S. , Domenici E. , Perry J. , Tozzi F. , Korszun A. , Gunasinghe C. , Gray J. , Jones L. , Binder E.B. , Holsboer F. , Craddock N. , Owen M.J. , Craig I.W. , Farmer A.E. , Muglia P. , McGuffin P. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe High‐Throughput Disease‐specific target Identification Program (HiTDIP) aimed to study case–control association samples for 18 common diseases. Here we present the results of a follow‐up case–control association study of HiTDIP in major depressive disorder (MDD). The HiTDIP in MDD was conducted in a sample of 974 cases of recurrent MDD of white German origin collected at the Max‐Planck Institute (MP‐GSK) and 968 ethnically matched controls screened for lifetime absence of depression. Six genes were identified as of interest for a follow‐up, based on the strength of the association and based on the interest as potential candidate target for developing new treatment for depression: Solute Carrier Family 4 Member 10 (SLC4A10), Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DPP4), Dopamine Receptor D3 (DRD3), Zinc Finger Protein 80 (ZNF80), Nitric Oxide Synthase 2A (NOS2A) and Peroxisome Proliferator‐Activated Receptor‐Gamma, Coactivator 1, Alpha (PPARGC1A). Within the current study, we attempted to follow‐up these findings in a sample from the UK, the Depression Case Control (DeCC) sample consisting of 1,196 cases and 842 screened controls, phenotyped using exactly the same methods as the MP‐GSK sample. Performing Cochran–Mantel–Haenzel statistics to test for genotypic and/or allelic differences between the DeCC and MP‐GSK samples, we found no significant differences, thus being able to combine the two samples for association testing. In the combined sample of 2,170 MDD cases and 1,810 controls, there were positive findings in the Nitric Oxide Synthase 2A (NOS2A) gene both using single SNP analysis and haplotype analysis. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Investigations on hydrodynamics of multilayer Π‐type radial flow reactors
Authors: Li Ruijiang , Zhu Zibin 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTConsisting of two or three different layers of catalyst or adsorbent, the multilayer radial flow reactor is a novel radial reactor with compact structure and high performance. In this article, pressure profiles in the flow channels and layers of a three‐layer radial flow reactor were measured and the properties of the fluids in the flow channels and layers were investigated. Results show that the uniformity of the pressure profiles in the distributing and collecting channels in the axial direction has a significant effect on the flow distribution of each layer. The uniformity of the flow distribution in multilayer Π‐type radial flow reactors varies in the radial direction. It is better in the outer layer than in the inner layer when the pressure variation in the center channel is more significant than that in the annular channel. The main contributions of this work are helpful to the proper design and optimum operation of the multilayer radial reactor. Copyright © 2011 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and properties of sulfonated poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone)/tungsten oxide composite membranes
Authors: Wang Suwen , Dong Feilong , Li Zhongfang , Jin Lei 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTSulfonated poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone) (SPPESK)‐based composite membranes doped with hydrated tungsten oxide were prepared and studied for proton‐exchange membrane applications. Hydrated tungsten oxide (WO3· 2H2O) was synthesized from acidic hydrolysis of sodium tungstate. The SPPESK/WO3 composite membranes were prepared by mixing proper amounts of SPPESK and hydrated WO3 in dimethylacetamide as casting solvent. The composite membranes were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and atomic force microscope (AFM). Infrared results indicated that the adding of WO3· 2H2O did not destroy the structure of polymer. In particular, SEM as well as AFM measurements showed a dense structure of the membranes, and the homogenous dispersion of WO3· 2H2O TGA results revealed thermal stability of the composite membranes at below 200 °C. The conductivity of the SPPESK/WO3 (30 wt%) composite membrane was about 0.033 S/cm at 140 °C under 100% relative humidity. The methanol permeabilities of the SPPESK/WO3 composite membranes were in the range of 1.715 × 10−7 to 0.496 × 10−7 cm2/s, much lower than that of Nafion® 117 (2.4 × 10−6 cm2/s). The presence of the oxide not only enhanced the proton conductivity of the SPPESK membranes but also improved their heat resistance and therefore decreased the methanol permeabilities. Copyright © 2011 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.