bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of gene expression and expression plasticity in long‐term experimental populations of Drosophila melanogaster maintained under constant and variable ethanol stress
Authors: YAMPOLSKY LEV Y. , GLAZKO GALINA V. , FRY JAMES D. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractGene expression responds to the environment and can also evolve rapidly in response to altered selection regimes. Little is known, however, about the extent to which evolutionary adaptation to a particular type of stress involves changes in the within‐generation (‘plastic’) responses of gene expression to the stress. We used microarrays to quantify gene expression plasticity in response to ethanol in laboratory populations of Drosophila melanogaster differing in their history of ethanol exposure. Two populations (‘R’ populations) were maintained on regular medium, two (‘E’) were maintained on medium supplemented with ethanol, and two (‘M’) were maintained in a mixed regime in which half of the population was reared on one medium type, and half on the other, each generation. After more than 300 generations, embryos from each population were collected and exposed to either ethanol or water as a control, and RNA was extracted from the larvae shortly after hatching. Nearly 2000 transcripts showed significant within‐generation responses to ethanol exposure. Evolutionary history also affected gene expression: the E and M populations were largely indistinguishable in expression, but differed significantly in expression from the R populations for over 100 transcripts, the majority of which did not show plastic responses. Notably, in no case was the interaction between selection regime and ethanol exposure significant after controlling for multiple comparisons, indicating that adaptation to ethanol in the E and M populations did not involve substantial changes in gene expression plasticity. The results give evidence that expression plasticity evolves considerably more slowly than mean expression.
A sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) reference FISH karyotype for chromosome and chromosome‐arm identification, integration of genetic linkage groups and analysis of major repeat family distribution
Authors: Paesold Susanne , Borchardt Dietrich , Schmidt Thomas , Dechyeva Daryna 
Published: July 2012

SummaryWe developed a reference karyotype for B. vulgaris which is applicable to all beet cultivars and provides a consistent numbering of chromosomes and genetic linkage groups. Linkage groups of sugar beet were assigned to physical chromosome arms by FISH (fluorescent in situ hybridization) using a set of 18 genetically anchored BAC (bacterial artificial chromosome) markers. Genetic maps of sugar beet were correlated to chromosome arms, and North–South orientation of linkage groups was established. The FISH karyotype provides a technical platform for genome studies and can be applied for numbering and identification of chromosomes in related wild beet species. The discrimination of all nine chromosomes by BAC probes enabled the study of chromosome‐specific distribution of the major repetitive components of sugar beet genome comprising pericentromeric, intercalary and subtelomeric satellites and 18S‐5.8S‐25S and 5S rRNA gene arrays. We developed a multicolor FISH procedure allowing the identification of all nine sugar beet chromosome pairs in a single hybridization using a pool of satellite DNA probes. Fiber‐FISH was applied to analyse five chromosome arms in which the furthermost genetic marker of the linkage group was mapped adjacently to terminal repetitive sequences on pachytene chromosomes. Only on two arms telomere arrays and the markers are physically linked, hence these linkage groups can be considered as terminally closed making the further identification of distal informative markers difficult. The results support genetic mapping by marker localization, the anchoring of contigs and scaffolds for the annotation of the sugar beet genome sequence and the analysis of the chromosomal distribution patterns of major families of repetitive DNA.
Sirolimus use and incidence of venous thromboembolism in cardiac transplant recipients
Authors: Thibodeau Jennifer T. , Mishkin Joseph D. , Patel Parag C. , Kaiser Patricia A. , Ayers Colby R. , Mammen Pradeep P. A. , Markham David W. , Ring W. Steves , Peltz Matthias , Drazner Mark H. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractSirolimus is an immunosuppressive agent increasingly used in cardiac transplant recipients in the setting of allograft vasculopathy or worsening renal function. Recently, sirolimus has been associated with increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in lung transplant recipients. To investigate whether this association is also present in cardiac transplant recipients, we retrospectively reviewed the charts of 67 cardiac transplant recipients whose immunosuppressive regimen included sirolimus and 134 matched cardiac transplant recipients whose regimen did not include sirolimus. Rates of VTE were compared. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models tested the association of sirolimus use with VTE. A higher incidence of VTE was seen in patients treated with vs. without sirolimus (8/67 [12%] vs. 9/134 [7%], log‐rank statistic: 4.66, p = 0.03). Lower body mass index (BMI) and total cholesterol levels were also associated with VTE (p < 0.05). The association of sirolimus with VTE persisted when adjusting for BMI (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]: 2.96 [1.13, 7.75], p = 0.03) but not when adjusting for total cholesterol (p = 0.08). These data suggest that sirolimus is associated with an increased risk of VTE in cardiac transplant recipients, a risk possibly mediated through comorbid conditions. Larger, more conclusive studies are needed. Until such studies are completed, a heightened level of awareness for VTE in cardiac transplant recipients treated with sirolimus appears warranted.
The frequencies of human neutrophil alloantigens among the Japanese population
Authors: Matsuhashi M. , Tsuno N. H. , Kawabata M. , Mishima Y. , Okochi N. , Santoso S. , Tozuka M. , Takahashi K. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractHuman neutrophil antigens (HNAs) play an important role in a variety of clinical conditions including immune‐mediated neutropenia, non‐hemolytic transfusion reactions, and transfusion‐related acute lung injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency distribution of HNAs‐1 to ‐5 among the Japanese population. We analyzed samples from 570 healthy Japanese by molecular and serologic techniques to estimate the gene frequencies of HNAs‐1 to ‐5. DNA samples were obtained and typed for the HNA‐1 (n = 523), ‐3 (n = 570), ‐4 (n = 570), and ‐5 (n = 508), by molecular techniques. The HNA‐1 genotype was determined by using a commercial polymerase chain reaction‐reverse sequence‐specific oligonucleotide probes (PCR‐rSSOP) kit. The HNA‐3 to ‐5 genotypes were determined by the PCR‐sequence specific primer (PCR‐SSP), previously described, with a small modification. The HNA‐2a phenotype was determined in 301 donors by granulocyte immunofluorescence test. In Japanese, the gene frequencies of HNA‐1a, ‐1b, and ‐1c were 0.623, 0.377, and 0.000, respectively. The frequency of HNA‐2a phenotype was 0.987, and the gene frequencies of HNA‐3a and ‐3b were 0.654 and 0.346, respectively. HNA‐4a and ‐4b were found at 1.000 and 0.000, respectively, and HNA‐5a and ‐5b at 0.840 and 0.160, respectively. We describe, for the first time, the frequencies of all HNAs (HNA‐1 to ‐5) among the Japanese population. This study will be helpful for the prediction of the risk of alloimmunization to HNA, especially to determine the risk of HNA alloantibody production by transfusion of HNA incompatible blood and feto‐maternal incompatibility.
New insights into family functioning and quality of life after pediatric liver transplantation
Authors: Denny Bianca , Beyerle Kathe , Kienhuis Mandy , Cora Ancuta , Gavidia‐Payne Susana , Hardikar Winita 
Published: July 2012

Denny B, Beyerle K, Kienhuis M, Cora A, Gavidia‐Payne S, Hardikar W. New insights into family functioning and quality of life after pediatric liver transplantation.Abstract:  Thorough research of the medical aspects of pediatric liver transplantation has given way to recent interest in the impact of the transplantation process on the QOL of recipients and their families. In this cross‐sectional study, we compared the family functioning and QOL of children (n = 30) aged between three and 16 yr (M = 10.10, s.d. = 3.62) who had received a liver transplant in the previous 1–12 yr (M = 5.31, s.d. = 3.44) with non‐transplant children (n = 33), as reported via parent proxy. Results showed that parents of pediatric liver transplant recipients made significantly more adjustments to family routines to accommodate their children, particularly in relation to childcare. Impaired family functioning was also found to be associated with decreased QOL. These preliminary findings of relative deficits in family functioning may inform psychosocial interventions to assist pediatric liver transplant patients and their families. Further investigation beyond a single‐center study incorporating subjective information from pediatric patients and their parents is recommended.
Higher glycosylated hemoglobin levels increase the risk of overactive bladder syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Chiu Aih‐Fung , Huang Mei‐Huang , Wang Chung‐Cheng , Kuo Hann‐Chorng 
Published: July 2012

Objectives:  To assess overactive bladder and its component symptoms among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and to explore whether higher glycosylated hemoglobin and other factors increase the risk of overactive bladder symptoms.Methods:  A total of 279 diabetes mellitus patients from our outpatient clinic, and 578 age‐ and sex‐matched subjects without diabetes mellitus from public health centers were enrolled from May to September of 2010. The collected data included overactive bladder and its component symptoms measured by using the Overactive Bladder Symptom Score, and collecting demographic and clinical data. Overactive bladder was defined as total Overactive Bladder Symptom Score ≥3 and urgency score ≥2 (once a week or more).Results:  Diabetes mellitus patients had a significantly higher proportion of overactive bladder symptoms/urgency compared with the controls (28.0% vs 16.3%, odds ratio 2.03, 95% confidence interval 1.44–2.86), as well as nocturia (48.0% vs 39.1%, odds ratio 1.44, 95% confidence interval 1.08–1.93). There were no significant effects of diabetes mellitus on urge urinary incontinence (14.0% vs 10.9%, odds ratio 1.32, 95% confidence interval 0.86–2.04) and daytime frequency (26.9% vs 32.4%, odds ratio 0.77, 95% confidence interval 0.56–1.05). After adjusting for all variables, high glycosylated hemoglobin levels were significantly associated with overactive bladder/urgency (odds ratio 1.24, 95% confidence interval 1.06–1.45), urge urinary incontinence (odds ratio 1.20, 95% confidence interval 1.00–1.45) and nocturia (odds ratio 1.17, 95% confidence interval 1.01–1.35).Conclusions:  Patients with type 2 mellitus present more overactive bladder symptoms/urgency and nocturia than controls. Among diabetic patients, higher glycosylated hemoglobin level represents an independent predictor of overactive bladder /urgency, urge urinary incontinence and nocturia.
Age effects on survival from early breast cancer in clinical settings in Australia
Authors: Roder David M. , de Silva Primali , Zorbas Helen M. , Kollias James , Malycha Peter L. , Pyke Chris M. , Campbell Ian D. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackground:  The study aim was to determine whether age is an independent risk factor for survival from early invasive breast cancer in contemporary Australian clinical settings.Methods:  The study included 31 493 breast cancers diagnosed in 1998–2005. Risk of death from breast cancer was compared by age, without and with adjustment for clinical risk factors, using Cox proportional hazard regression.Results:  Risk of breast cancer death was elevated for cancers of larger size, higher grade, positive nodal status, oestrogen receptor negative status, vascular invasion and multiple foci. Ductal lesions presented a higher risk than other lesions. Adjusting for these factors, the relative risk of breast cancer death (95% confidence limits) was lower for 40–49‐year‐olds at 0.80 (0.66, 0.96) than for the reference category under 40 years, but higher for 70–79‐year‐olds at 1.64 (1.36, 1.98) and women aged 80 years or more at 2.19 (1.79, 2.69). The risk for 50–69‐year‐olds and women under 40 years was similar. Risk‐factor adjustment reduced the difference in risk between the reference category under 40 years and 40–49‐year‐olds, largely eliminated the lower relative risk for 50–69‐year‐olds, and increased the relative risks for women aged 70–79 years and older.Discussion:  Survivals in women under 40 and over 70 years of age are poorer than for 40–69‐year‐olds. Research is needed into the best treatment modalities for younger women and older women with co‐morbidity.
Effect of fibre volume fraction on fatigue behaviour of glass fibre reinforced composite
Authors: MINI K. M. , LAKSHMANAN M. , MATHEW L. , MUKUNDAN M. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTThe aim of this paper is to study the fatigue behavior of GFRP composites manufactured by vacuum bagging process by varying the volume fraction. Constant‐amplitude flexural fatigue tests were performed at zero mean stress, i.e. a cyclic stress ratio R=−1 by varying the frequency of the testing machine. The relationship between stiffness degradation rate and fibre volume fraction, was observed, and the influence of volume fraction on the tensile strength was also investigated. The results show that, as the volume fraction increases the stiffness degradation rate initially decreases and then increases after reaching a certain limit for the volume fraction. Graph between volume fraction and Young's modulus shows that as the volume fraction increases Young's modulus also increases and reaches a limit and then it decreases with further increase in volume fraction, due to the increase in fibre content which changes the material properties of the composite material. The obtained results are in agreement with the available results.
Cortical silent period duration and its implications for surround inhibition of a hand muscle
Authors: Poston Brach , Kukke Sahana N. , Paine Rainer W. , Francis Sophia , Hallett Mark 
Published: July 2012

AbstractSurround inhibition is a neural mechanism that assists in the focusing of excitatory drive to muscles responsible for a given movement (agonist muscles) by suppressing unwanted activity in muscles not relevant to the movement (surround muscles). The purpose of the study was to determine the contribution of γ‐aminobutyric acidB receptor‐mediated intracortical inhibition, as assessed by the cortical silent period (CSP), to the generation of surround inhibition in the motor system. Eight healthy adults (five women and three men, 29.8 ± 9 years) performed isometric contractions with the abductor digiti minimi (ADM) muscle in separate conditions with and without an index finger flexion movement. The ADM motor evoked potential amplitude and CSP duration elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation were compared between a control condition in which the ADM was activated independently and during conditions involving three phases (pre‐motor, phasic, and tonic) of the index finger flexion movement. The motor evoked potential amplitude of the ADM was greater during the control condition compared with the phasic condition. Thus, the presence of surround inhibition was confirmed in the present study. Most critically, the CSP duration of the ADM decreased during the phasic stage of finger flexion compared with the control condition, which indicated a reduction of this type of intracortical inhibition during the phasic condition. These findings indicate that γ‐aminobutyric acidB receptor‐mediated intracortical inhibition, as measured by the duration of the CSP, does not contribute to the generation of surround inhibition in hand muscles.
Perioperative outcomes of severely obese children undergoing tonsillectomy
Authors: Gleich Stephen J. , Olson Michael D. , Sprung Juraj , Weingarten Toby N. , Schroeder Darrell R. , Warner David O. , Flick Randall P. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryBackground:  Sleep‐disordered breathing, a common condition in obese children, is a frequent indication for tonsillectomy.Objective:  The purpose of this study was to examine the association between obesity and perioperative complications in children undergoing tonsillectomy.Methods/Materials:  A sample of 100 severely obese children (body mass index for age [BMIA], ≥ 98th percentile) between ages 2 and 18 years who underwent tonsillectomy at Mayo Clinic Rochester was randomly selected. Each severely obese child was age (±2 years) and sex matched to two normal weight children (BMIA between 25th and 75th percentiles) undergoing tonsillectomy during the study period, and their medical records were reviewed.Results:  Severely obese children had a significantly higher incidence of comorbid conditions including respiratory disorders and severe systemic disorders or syndromes. Severely obese children had a higher frequency of perioperative airway complications (15.0% vs 2.0%). From posthoc analyses, severe obesity remained a significant risk factor for perioperative adverse events after adjusting for the presence of severe systemic disorders or syndromes (OR 8.8; 95% CI 2.8–27.5, P < 0.001) and also after adjusting for preoperative respiratory disorders (OR 7.7; 95% CI 2.5–24.3, P < 0.001). When children with planned admissions were excluded from the analysis, severe obesity was associated with an increased rate of unplanned hospital admission (OR 3.80, 95% CI 1.8–7.9, P < 0.001).Conclusions:  Severe obesity in children undergoing tonsillectomy is independently associated with an increased risk of perioperative complications. It appears that both severe obesity and systemic comorbid condition contribute to higher proportions of inpatient tonsillectomies performed in our institution.
Roots and fungi accelerate carbon and nitrogen cycling in forests exposed to elevated CO2
Authors: Phillips Richard P. , Meier Ina C. , Bernhardt Emily S. , Grandy A. Stuart , Wickings Kyle , Finzi Adrien C. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA common finding in multiple CO2 enrichment experiments in forests is the lack of soil carbon (C) accumulation owing to microbial priming of ‘old’ soil organic matter (SOM). However, soil C losses may also result from the accelerated turnover of ‘young’ microbial tissues that are rich in nitrogen (N) relative to bulk SOM. We measured root‐induced changes in soil C dynamics in a pine forest exposed to elevated CO2 and N enrichment by combining stable isotope analyses, molecular characterisations of SOM and microbial assays. We find strong evidence that the accelerated turnover of root‐derived C under elevated CO2 is sufficient in magnitude to offset increased belowground inputs. In addition, the C losses were associated with accelerated N cycling, suggesting that trees exposed to elevated CO2 not only enhance N availability by stimulating microbial decomposition of SOM via priming but also increase the rate at which N cycles through microbial pools.
Evaluation of methods to concentrate and purify ocean virus communities through comparative, replicated metagenomics
Authors: Hurwitz Bonnie L. , Deng Li , Poulos Bonnie T. , Sullivan Matthew B. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryViruses have global impact through mortality, nutrient cycling and horizontal gene transfer, yet their study is limited by complex methodologies with little validation. Here, we use triplicate metagenomes to compare common aquatic viral concentration and purification methods across four combinations as follows: (i) tangential flow filtration (TFF) and DNase + CsCl, (ii) FeCl3 precipitation and DNase, (iii) FeCl3 precipitation and DNase + CsCl and (iv) FeCl3 precipitation and DNase + sucrose. Taxonomic data (30% of reads) suggested that purification methods were statistically indistinguishable at any taxonomic level while concentration methods were significantly different at family and genus levels. Specifically, TFF‐concentrated viral metagenomes had significantly fewer abundant viral types (Podoviridae and Phycodnaviridae) and more variability among Myoviridae than FeCl3‐precipitated viral metagenomes. More comprehensive analyses using protein clusters (66% of reads) and k‐mers (100% of reads) showed 50–53% of these data were common to all four methods, and revealed trace bacterial DNA contamination in TFF‐concentrated metagenomes and one of three replicates concentrated using FeCl3 and purified by DNase alone. Shared k‐mer analyses also revealed that polymerases used in amplification impact the resulting metagenomes, with TaKaRa enriching for ‘rare’ reads relative to PfuTurbo. Together these results provide empirical data for making experimental design decisions in culture‐independent viral ecology studies.
Adult attachment and symptom distress: a dyadic analysis of couples in therapy
Authors: Parker M. L. , Johnson Lee N. , Ketring Scott A. 
Published: July 2012

This study used Kenny and Cook's actor‐partner interdependence model to examine both actor and partner effects of attachment anxiety and avoidance for male and female partners on symptom distress over four sessions of therapy. Using the couple as the unit of analysis offers a unique method for studying the role of adult attachment in the treatment of mental health symptoms. The findings provided some new perspectives on the role of attachment in treatment outcomes and provided support for previous research. The results showed that women's anxiety and avoidance has an impact on their male partners' symptom distress following four sessions of couple therapy. Additionally, men's avoidance was a significant influence on their female partners' symptom distress after four sessions of therapy.Practitioner points
Male partners participating in therapy are influenced by their female partners' attachment on their own symptom distress, therefore men would greatly benefit from couple‐related interventions to reduce individual symptom distress.
Female partners' attachment anxiety and avoidance influenced their symptom distress, therefore individual attachment‐informed interventions would support women's reduction of symptom distress in therapy.
Exploring the link among entry characteristics, participation behaviors and course outcomes of online learners: An examination of learner profile using cluster analysis
Authors: Yukselturk Erman , Top Ercan 
Published: July 2012

AbstractOnline learner profiles have diversified such that now, they include all types of participants from a variety of backgrounds. This study analyzed online learner profiles in regard to their entry characteristics, participation behaviors and achievement of course outcomes. The sample consisted of 186 participants from an online course that required the employment of synchronous and asynchronous communication methods over the Internet. The data were collected through five online questionnaires and included 10 variables (gender, age, work status, self‐efficacy, online readiness, self‐regulation, participation in discussion list, participation in chat sessions, satisfaction and achievement). A two‐step cluster analysis, chi‐square analysis and multivariate analysis were used to analyze the collected data. The results indicated that online learners fell into three significantly different clusters and within each cluster, learners had a close combination of employment characteristics, gender type, age level, perception of self‐efficacy for online technologies and participation behavior level.