bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flood seasonality‐based regionalization methods: a data‐based comparison
Authors: Sarhadi Ali , Modarres Reza 
Published: March 2011

AbstractImproving techniques of flood frequency estimation at ungauged catchments is one of the major challenges for hydrologists, especially in arid and semi‐arid regions with insufficient information. Recently, popularity of flood seasonality‐based descriptors has increased among hydrologists for delineating of hydrologically homogenous regions.This study presents a data‐based comparison of three well‐known flood seasonality‐based regionalization methods in Halilrud basin in southeastern Iran. A Jack‐knife procedure is used to assess the performance of the methods for flood quantile estimation at ungauged sites. The results of these three seasonality‐based methods are compared to those results obtained from two alternative methods: a traditional regionalization method based on catchment's hydrogeomorphic characteristics similarity and a scenario that uses all available information without subdividing area.The results indicate that although peak over threshold (POT) approach which uses all flood events during year leads to better performance than other methods, but applying POT data series in a specific season (critical season) based on POT‐CS approach leads to better homogenous region and improves flood quantile estimation at ungauged sites. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial and temporal variability of surface water repellency in sandy loam soils of NW Spain under Pinus pinaster and Eucalyptus globulus plantations
Authors: Rodríguez‐Alleres M. , Benito E. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis work was undertaken for two main purposes. One was to examine spatial and temporal variability in surface water repellency under field conditions in sandy loam forest soils of NW Spain, and its relationship to weather and soil moisture conditions. The other purpose was to get further inside in the dynamics of soil water repellency by studying a wetting–drying cycle under controlled laboratory conditions. Both for the field and laboratory study, water repellency was determined using the Water Drop Penetration Time test. Soil water repellency under field conditions was found to exhibit a seasonal pattern, i.e. it peaked during the summer and was absent between November and May. The time required for repellency to become re‐established during the spring was shorter under eucalyptus than under pine. Spatial variability peaked at an early stage of soil drying and was minimal during the wet period when soils were hydrophilic as well as at the end of the summer, when repellency was strongest. Spatial and temporal variability in water repellency was found to be negatively correlated with soil moisture and, to a lesser extent, with antecedent rainfall. The moisture range of the so‐called transition zone (below which the soil is hydrophobic and also above which it is hydrophobic) differed for the pine (21–50%) and eucalyptus plantations (17–36%). The lower and upper bounds of the transition zone agreed well with the soil moisture contents at the permanent wilting point and at field capacity, respectively. The laboratory results with samples in the wetting phase confirmed those of the field tests. Water repellency increased slightly during the drying phase, but not so much as in the field. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Educational level and risk of colorectal cancer in EPIC with specific reference to tumor location
Authors: Leufkens Anke M. , Van Duijnhoven Fränzel J.B. , Boshuizen Hendriek C. , Siersema Peter D. , Kunst Anton E. , Mouw Traci , Tjønneland Anne , Olsen Anja , Overvad Kim , Boutron‐Ruault Marie‐Christine , Clavel‐Chapelon Françoise , Morois Sophie , Krogh Vittorio , Tumino Rosario , Panico Salvatore , Polidoro Silvia , Palli Domenico , Kaaks Rudolf , Teucher Birgit , Pischon Tobias , Trichopoulou Antonia , Orfanos Philippos , Goufa Ioulia , Peeters Petra H.M. , Skeie Guri , Braaten Tonje , Rodríguez Laudina , Lujan‐Barroso Leila , Sánchez‐Pérez Maria‐José , Navarro Carmen , Barricarte Aurelio , Zackrisson Sophia , Almquist Martin , Hallmans Goran , Palmqvist Richard , Tsilidis Konstantinos K. , Khaw Kay‐Tee , Wareham Nick , Gallo Valentina , Jenab Mazda , Riboli Elio , Bueno‐de‐Mesquita H. Bas 
Published: March 2011

AbstractExisting evidence is inconclusive on whether socioeconomic status (SES) and educational inequalities influence colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, and whether low or high SES/educational level is associated with developing CRC. The aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between educational level and CRC. We studied data from 400,510 participants in the EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition) study, of whom 2,447 developed CRC (colon: 1,551, rectum: 896, mean follow‐up 8.3 years). Cox proportional hazard regression analysis stratified by age, gender and center, and adjusted for potential confounders were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Relative indices of inequality (RII) for education were estimated using Cox regression models. We conducted separate analyses for tumor location, gender and geographical region. Compared with participants with college/university education, participants with vocational secondary education or less had a nonsignificantly lower risk of developing CRC. When further stratified for tumor location, adjusted risk estimates for the proximal colon were statistically significant for primary education or less (HR 0.73, 95%CI 0.57–0.94) and for vocational secondary education (HR 0.76, 95%CI 0.58–0.98). The inverse association between low education and CRC risk was particularly found in women and Southern Europe. These associations were statistically significant for CRC, for colon cancer and for proximal colon cancer. In conclusion, CRC risk, especially in the proximal colon, is lower in subjects with a lower educational level compared to those with a higher educational level. This association is most pronounced in women and Southern Europe.
Evaluation of 14 triage strategies for HPV DNA‐positive women in population‐based cervical screening
Authors: Rijkaart Dorien C. , Berkhof Johannes , van Kemenade Folkert J. , Coupe Veerle M.H. , Hesselink Albertus T. , Rozendaal Lawrence , Heideman Danielle A.M. , Verheijen Ren H. , Bulk Saskia , Verweij Wim M. , Snijders Peter J.F. , Meijer Chris J.L.M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractHigh‐risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) testing has a higher sensitivity but lower specificity than cytology for detection of high‐grade intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). To avoid over‐referral to colposcopy and overtreatment, hrHPV‐positive women require triage testing and/or followup. A total of 25,658 women (30–60 years) enrolled in a population‐based cohort study had an adequate baseline Pap smear and hrHPV test. The end‐point was cumulative two‐year risk of CIN grade 3 or worse (CIN3+). In a post‐hoc analysis, fourteen triage/followup strategies for hrHPV‐positive women (n = 1,303) were evaluated for colposcopy referral rate, positive (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV). Five strategies involved triage testing without a repeat test and nine strategies involved triage testing followed by one repeat testing. The tests were cytology, hrHPV, HPV16/18 genotyping and HPV16/18/31/33/45 genotyping. Results were adjusted for women in the cohort study who did not attend repeat testing. Of the strategies without repeat testing, combined cytology and HPV16/18/31/33/45 genotyping gave the highest NPV of 98.9% (95%CI 97.6–99.5%). The corresponding colposcopy referral rate was 58.1% (95%CI 55.4–60.8%). Eight of the nine strategies with retesting had an estimated NPV of at least 98%. Of those, cytology triage followed by cytology at 12 months had a markedly lower colposcopy referral rate of 33.4% (95%CI 30.2–36.7%) than the other strategies. The NPV of the latter strategy was 99.3% (95%CI 98.1–99.8%). Triage hrHPV‐positive women with cytology, followed by repeat cytology testing yielded a high NPV and modest colposcopy referral rate and appear to be the most feasible management strategy.
Oncogenetic tree modeling of human hepatocarcinogenesis
Authors: Longerich Thomas , Mueller Michael Martin , Breuhahn Kai , Schirmacher Peter , Benner Axel , Heiss Christiane 
Published: March 2011

AbstractClassical comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) has been used to identify recurrent genomic alterations in human HCC. As hepatocarcinogenesis is considered as a stepwise process, we applied oncogenetic tree modeling on all available classical CGH data to determine occurrence of genetic alterations over time. Nine losses (1p, 4q, 6q, 8p, 9p, 13q, 16p, 16q and 17p) and ten gains (1q, 5p, 6p, 7p, 7q, 8q, 17q, 20p, 20q and Xq) of genomic information were used to build the oncogenetic tree model. Whereas gains of 1q and 8q together with losses of 8p formed a cluster that represents early etiology‐independent alterations, the associations of gains at 6q and 17q as well as losses of 6p and 9p were observed during tumor progression. HBV‐induced HCCs had significantly more chromosomal aberrations compared to HBV‐negative tumors. Losses of 1p, 4q and 13q were associated with HBV‐induced HCCs, whereas virus‐negative HCCs showed an association of gains at 5p, 7, 20q and Xq. Using five aberrations that were significantly associated with tumor dedifferentiation a robust progression model of stepwise human hepatocarcinogensis (gain 1q → gain 8q → loss 4q → loss 16q → loss 13q) was developed. In silico analysis revealed that protumorigenic candidate genes have been identified for each recurrently altered hotspot. Thus, oncogenic candidate genes that are coded on chromosome arms 1q and 8q are promising targets for the prevention of malignant transformation and the development of biomarkers for the early diagnosis of human HCC that may significantly improve the treatment options and thus prognosis of HCC patients.
The Reduction of Dioxygen by Keggin Heteropolytungstates
Authors: Snir Ophir , Wang Yifeng , Weinstock Ira A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractReversible redox chemistries are an inherent feature of numerous metal oxide cluster anions (POMs). Moreover, as discrete molecular structures with well‐defined and controllable solution chemistries, POMs can be deployed as physicochemical probes for studying inorganic reaction mechanisms. In the past decade, we have used an iso‐structural series of α‐Keggin heteropolytungstate cluster anions to systematically investigate a number of fundamental topics, including electron transfer to dioxygen. The iso‐structural series of cluster anions is obtained by varying the heteroatom, Xn+, in the plenary, Td‐symmetry α‐Keggin ion, Xn+W12O40(8−n)−, from Al3+ to Si4+ to P5+. This results in a stepwise and linear modulation of ion charge and reduction potential, whose concerted effects on reaction rates can be used to better understand electron‐transfer processes. Starting from the acquisition of activation parameters associated with electron self‐exchange between the POMs themselves, the studies discussed in this review provide a detailed account of electron transfer from reduced α‐Keggin heteropolytungstate anions to dioxygen, culminating in the recent discovery of a fundamentally new mechanism for electron transfer to O2 in water.
Underlying mechanisms for LTF inactivation and its functional analysis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines
Authors: Zhang Hejun , Feng Xiangling , Liu Weidong , Jiang Xingjun , Shan Wenjiao , Huang Chengan , Yi Hongmei , Zhu Bin , Zhou Wen , Wang Lei , Liu Chunmei , Zhang Lihua , Jia Wenting , Huang Wei , Li Guifei , Shi Jia , Wanggou Siyi , Yao Kaitai , Ren Caiping 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe lactoferrin (LTF) gene, located at 3p21.3, behaves like a tumor suppressor gene in diverse tumors. To elucidate the exact role of LTF in NPC, we first detected its expression level in seven NPC cell lines by semi‐quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). The results showed the mRNA level of LTF was nearly undetectable in all the seven NPC cell lines, while it could be detected in chronic nasopharyngitis tissues. Subsequently, we used methylation‐specific PCR (MSP), microsatellite assay, PCR‐single‐strand conformation polymorphism (PCR‐SSCP) and sequencing methods to examine the promoter methylation, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and gene mutation of LTF in NPC cell lines respectively. Consequently, we found that 100% (7 of 7) of NPC cell lines were methylated in LTF promoter, only one cell line (14%, 1 of 7) had LOH and gene mutation of LTF, respectively, while LTF exhibited re‐expression in all cell lines after 5‐aza‐dC treatment, indicating promoter methylation should be the key mechanism causing LTF downregulation in NPC cell lines. Furthermore, patched methylation assay confirmed that promoter methylation could down‐regulate LTF gene expression in NPC cells. Finally, we investigated the function of LTF in NPC cell lines by gene transfection. Restoration of LTF expression in NPC cells resulted in blockage of cell cycle progression, significant inhibition of cell growth and a reduced colony‐formation capacity in vitro and obviously weaker tumor formation potential in vivo. In conclusion, our data indicate LTF may participate in NPC carcinogenesis as a negative effector, that is, a tumor suppressor gene. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 1832–1843, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An automated image analysis system can be beneficial in preclassification of leucocytes in children with hematological disease
Authors: Portakal Oytun , Tavil Betul , Kuşkonmaz Barış , Aytaç Selin , Hasçelik Gülşen 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis study was aimed to evaluate the analytical performance of an automated image analysis system (a pilot model of Diff Master™ Octavia) for the preclassification of leucocytes in children with hematological disease. Manual microscopy performed by pediatric hematologists was used as the reference method. Five mature cell class and blasts were evaluated. Diff Master Octavia correctly preclassified 87.4% of all leucocytes with a high reproducibility. The overall accuracy was found to be 93.0%. Clinical sensitivity was 97.7% and specificity was 76.0%. The average time per slide for Diff Master™ Octavia was 2.3 min lower than that of manual method. Our results indicated that the Diff Master™ Octavia can detect and preclassify leucocytes accurately; therefore, it can be used as an efficient and fast method in pediatric hematology routine. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 25:71–75, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A PCR‐based strategy for Dombrock screening in Brazilian blood donors reveals a novel allele: the DO*A‐WL
Authors: Baleotti Wilson , Suzuki Rodrigo Buzinaro , Polotto Milena , Ruiz Marcelo Ortega , Fabron Antonio , Castilho Lilian 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackground: Determination of the molecular basis underlying the antigens in the Dombrock blood group system has shown various rearrangements between the alleles associated with DO*A and DO*B. Based on this, we employed a PCR‐based strategy to screen DO alleles (DO*A, DO*B, HY*1, HY*2 and JO) in Brazilians. Methods: We tested DNA of 278 Brazilian blood donors by PCR‐RFLP on plates of 96 wells to determine the 793A/G (DO*A/DO*B), 323G/T (HY), 350C/T (JO) and 898C/G (HY*1/HY*2) single nucletide polymorphisms. In order to confirm the results sequence analysis was also performed. Results: When samples of these donors were analyzed, a novel allele combination, the DO*A allele (793A and 323G) associated with 898G was identified and designated as DO*A‐WL allele. This new allele encoding 300Val is the same as HY*1 at nucleotide 898 on the molecular background of DO*A. Among the 556 alleles analyzed by PCR‐RFLP, 3 were DO*A‐WL and 78 were DO*B‐WL. This represents an overall frequency of 0.5% for DO*A‐WL and 14% for DO*B‐WL across the population studied. Conclusion: Molecular screening of Brazilians revealed one novel allele, the DO*A‐WL. Our data highlight the importance of testing a cohort of different populations to determine DO haplotypes and to establish reliable genotyping tests for predicting Doa/Dob status. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 25:79–82, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Allowable Total Error and Limits for Erroneous Results (ATE/LER) zones for agreement measurement
Authors: Zhou Yu‐Hao , Zang Jia‐Jie , Wu Mei‐Jing , Xu Jin‐Fang , He Jia 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackground: When assessing the agreement of two methods, the simple correlation coefficient, the most frequently used but easy to cause misleading interpretation of results, is still comprehensively adopted in journals of clinical chemistry or diagnostic laboratory. This study is aimed at comparing the correlation coefficient with the alternative method, which came from FDA recommended guidance for waiver assays—Allowable Total Error (ATE)/Limits for Erroneous Results (LER) zones, and fully addressing the applicable conditions of the later one. Methods: The data we use were both real and simulated data to calculate correlation coefficient and ATE/LER zones, respectively, when assessing the agreement. And a modified ATE/LER zones method was brought forward to assess the agreement of repeated measurements and the repeatability of each single method. Results: The high correlation can only indicate that the two methods are linearly related rather than in agreement with each other. However, the ATE/LER zones can avoid this shortcoming by using certain statistical strategies considering the clinical judgment. The modified method is suitable to evaluate the repeatability of single method and the agreement of repeated measurement by two measuring methods. Conclusion: The ATE/LER zones method is a relatively reasonable and widely considering method for assessing the agreement. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 25:83–89, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of the automated fluorescence microscopic viability test with the conventional and flow cytometry methods
Authors: Kim Jang Su , Nam Myung Hyun , An Seong Soo A. , Lim Chae Seung , Hur Dae Sung , Chung Chanil , Chang Jun Koon 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe cell viability test is an essential tool in any laboratory, performing cell‐based studies and clinical laboratory tests. The trypan blue exclusion method is the most popular assay for its simple concept among various diagnostic tools. However, several disadvantages include time‐consuming and labor‐intensive steps with low precision. In this study, we evaluated a new technique for the automatic cell viability measurement with microscopic cell counter and microchip. Upon blood draw from 11 healthy volunteers, Mononuclear cells were separated immediately from the heparinized whole blood, and the viable cells were diluted from 100 to 1%. The cell viability tests were performed simultaneously with following three methods: the conventional manual trypan blue exclusion method; the flow cytometry measurement with propidium iodide stain; and the newly developed microscopic cell counter with microchip. Linearities, precisions, and correlations from three methods were analyzed and compared. The correlations data from the microscopic cell counter were in good agreement with both the conventional trypan blue method (r=0.99, P<0.05) and the flow cytometry (r=0.99, P<0.05), respectively. The precision (2.0–6.2%) and linearity from the microscopic cell counter method with microchip were superior in comparison with the conventional method. The microscopic cell counter with microchip performed well with high precision, linearity, and efficient running time than both the manual trypan blue and the flow cytometry methods. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 25:90–94, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rapid detection of oleander poisoning by Dimension Vista digoxin assay (Flex Reagent Cartridge)
Authors: Dasgupta Amitava , Klein Kimberley , Risin Semyon A. , Actor Jeffrey K. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractOleander poisoning can be detected by digoxin immunoassays and for last two decades the fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) has been used for rapid detection of oleander poisoning in clinical laboratories. Recently, Abbott Laboratories (Abbott Park, IL) discontinued this assay. Therefore, we explored the possibility of using another digoxin assay (Dimension Vista Flex Reagent Cartridge, Tina Quant, EMIT 2000 and old FPIA assay for comparison) for rapid detection of oleander poisoning. When aliquots of drug‐free serum pools were supplemented with pure oleandrin or oleander extract, we observed the highest apparent digoxin values using Dimension Vista digoxin assay (Flex Reagent Cartridge). We also observed significant apparent digoxin values in vivo in sera of mice both 1 and 2 hr after feeding with oleander extract. When a serum pool prepared from patients taking digoxin was further supplemented with various amounts of oleander extract, the highest falsely elevated digoxin values were observed with Dimension Vista digoxin assay. Monitoring free digoxin using Dimension Vista digoxin assay (Flex Reagent Cartridge) did not eliminate this interference. Digibind neutralized digoxin‐like factors of oleander extract and such effect can be monitored by observing significant reduction in apparent free digoxin levels in the presence of Digibind as measured in the protein‐free ultrafiltrate using Dimension Vista digoxin assay (Flex Reagent Cartridge). J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 25:105–109, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increased level of serum Homocysteine in vitiligo
Authors: Singh Suman , Singh Usha , Pandey Shyam Sunder 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackground: Vitiligo is an acquired depigmenting disorder caused by the destruction of melanocytes. The exact etiopathogenesis and mechanisms of vitiligo are not fully understood. Vitamin B12 and folic acid levels are decreased in vitiligo, which are the important cofactors required in the metabolism of Homocysteine (Hcy). Consequently, Hcy level increases in the circulation. Therefore, it is possible that increased Hcy plays a role in melanocytes destruction. The aim was to study for any association of vitiligo with serum Hcy level. Method: A total of 30 vitiligo patients of both sexes and 30 control subjects were enrolled in this study. Sera from patients and controls were assayed for Hcy by Enzyme immunoassay. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS version‐16. Results: The mean serum level of Hcy was significantly higher in patients with vitiligo as compared with healthy controls and its level was high in male patients as compared with female patients. The Hcy level in vegetarian patients was significantly higher as compared with nonvegetarian patients. The Hcy level was also significantly higher in active vitiligo patients as compared with stable vitiligo patients. Conclusion: An increased serum Hcy may be a precipitating factor for vitiligo in the predisposed individuals. Serum Hcy is related to the gender of patients, activity of disease, and dietary habits of vitiligo patients. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 25:110–112, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
(±)‐2‐Aryl‐2,3‐dihydro‐4(1H)‐quinolinones by a tandem reduction–Michael addition reaction
Authors: Bunce Richard A. , Nammalwar Baskar 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAn efficient synthesis of (±)‐2‐aryl‐2,3‐dihydro‐4(1H)‐quinolinones has been developed from chalcones prepared from 2′‐nitroacetophenone and a series of substituted benzaldehydes. The cyclization sequence is initiated by reduction of the nitro group under dissolving metal conditions using iron powder in concentrated hydrochloric acid. Milder conditions, using acetic acid or acetic acid–phosphoric acid as the reaction medium, were less satisfactory. Procedural details as well as a mechanistic discussion and reaction optimization studies are presented. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
Synthesis and X‐ray analysis of 7‐bromoarbidol, an impurity standard of arbidol
Authors: Tetere Zenta , Kumpiņš Viktors , Belyakov Sergey , Zicāne Daina , Turks Māris 
Published: March 2011

AbstractFor the first time, synthesis and X‐ray analysis of 7‐bromoarbidol hydrochloride is reported. The latter is a proven impurity of Arbidol which is an antiviral drug marketed in Russia and China. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).