bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical features, surgical treatment, and long-term outcome in adult patients with moyamoya disease
Authors: Starke Robert M. , Komotar Ricardo J. , Hickman Zachary L. , Paz Yehuda E. , Pugliese Angela G. , Otten Marc L. , Garrett Matthew C. , Elkind Mitchell S. V. , Marshall Randolph S. , Festa Joanne R. , Meyers Philip M. , Connolly E. Sander 
Published: April 2009

Object
The object of this study was to report the clinical features, surgical treatment, and long-term outcomes in adults with moyamoya phenomenon treated at a single institution in the US.

Methods
Forty-three adult patients with moyamoya disease (mean age 40 ± 11 years [SD], range 18–69 years) were treated with encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis (EDAS). Neurologists examined patients pre- and postoperatively. Follow-up was obtained in person or by structured telephone interview (median 41 months, range 4–126 months). The following outcomes were collected: transient ischemic attack (TIA), infarction, graft collateralization, change in cerebral perfusion, and functional level according to the modified Rankin scale (mRS). Kaplan-Meier estimates of infarction risk were calculated for comparison of surgically treated and contralateral hemispheres.

Results
The majority of patients were women (65%), were Caucasian (65%), presented with ischemic symptoms (98%), and had bilateral disease (86%). Nineteen patients underwent unilateral and 24 patients bilateral EDAS (67 treated hemispheres). Collateral vessels developed in 50 (98%) of 52 hemispheres for which imaging was available and there was evidence of increased perfusion on SPECT scans in 41 (82%) of the 50 hemispheres evaluated. Periprocedural infarction (< 48 hours) occurred in 3% of the hemispheres treated. In the follow-up period patients experienced 10 TIAs, 6 infarctions, and 1 intracranial hemorrhage. Although the hemisphere selected for surgery was based upon patients' symptoms and severity of pathology, the 5-year infarction-free survival rate was 94% in the surgically treated hemispheres versus < 36% in the untreated hemispheres (p = 0.007). After controlling for age and sex, infarction was 89% less likely to occur in the surgically treated hemispheres than in the contralateral hemispheres (hazard ratio 0.11, 95% CI 0.02–0.56). Thirty-eight (88%) of 43 patients had preserved or improved mRS scores, relative to baseline status.

Conclusions
In this mixed-race population of North American patients, indirect bypass promoted adequate pial collateral development and increased perfusion in the majority of adult patients with moyamoya disease. Patients had low rates of postoperative TIAs, infarction, and hemorrhage, and the majority of patients had preserved or improved functional status.
Preserving correctness during business process model configuration
Authors: van der Aalst Wil M. P. , Dumas Marlon , Gottschalk Florian , ter Hofstede Arthur H. M. , Rosa Marcello La , Mendling Jan 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA configurable process model captures a family of related process models in a single artifact. Such models are intended to be configured to fit the requirements of specific organizations or projects, leading to individualized process models that are subsequently used for domain analysis or solution design. This article proposes a formal foundation for individualizing configurable process models incrementally, while preserving correctness, both with respect to syntax and behavioral semantics. Specifically, assuming the configurable process model is behaviorally sound, the individualized process models are guaranteed to be sound. The theory is first developed in the context of Petri nets and then extended to a process modeling notation widely used in practice, namely Event-driven Process Chains.
The evidence for Allee effects
Authors: Kramer Andrew M. , Dennis Brian , Liebhold Andrew M. , Drake John M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAllee effects are an important dynamic phenomenon believed to be manifested in several population processes, notably extinction and invasion. Though widely cited in these contexts, the evidence for their strength and prevalence has not been critically evaluated. We review results from 91 studies on Allee effects in natural animal populations. We focus on empirical signatures that are used or might be used to detect Allee effects, the types of data in which Allee effects are evident, the empirical support for the occurrence of critical densities in natural populations, and differences among taxa both in the presence of Allee effects and primary causal mechanisms. We find that conclusive examples are known from Mollusca, Arthropoda, and Chordata, including three classes of vertebrates, and are most commonly documented to result from mate limitation in invertebrates and from predator–prey interactions in vertebrates. More than half of studies failed to distinguish component and demographic Allee effects in data, although the distinction is crucial to most of the population‐level dynamic implications associated with Allee effects (e.g., the existence of an unstable critical density associated with strong Allee effects). Thus, although we find conclusive evidence for Allee effects due to a variety of mechanisms in natural populations of 59 animal species, we also find that existing data addressing the strength and commonness of Allee effects across species and populations is limited; evidence for a critical density for most populations is lacking. We suggest that current studies, mainly observational in nature, should be supplemented by population‐scale experiments and approaches connecting component and demographic effects.
DIXDC1 co‐localizes and interacts with γ‐tubulin in HEK293 cells
Authors: Wu Yanrui , Jing Xiaotang , Ma Xin , Wu Yan , Ding Xuefeng , Fan Wenhong , Fan Ming 
Published: April 2009

AbstractDIXDC1 is a Dishevelled‐Axin (DIX) domain‐containing protein involved in neural development and Wnt signaling pathway. Besides the DIX domain, DIXDC1 also contains a coiled‐coil domain (MTH domain), which is a common feature of centrosomal proteins. We have demonstrated that exogenously expressed GFP‐tag fused DIXDC1 co‐localize with γ‐tubulin both at interphase and mitotic phase in HEK293 cells. By immunostaining with anti‐DIXDC1 and anti‐γ‐tubulin antibody, endogenous DIXDC1 was also co‐localized with γ‐tubulin at the centrosomes in HEK293 cells. We confirmed this interaction of DIXDC1 with γ‐tubulin by co‐immunoprecipitation. The findings suggest that DIXDC1 might play an important role in chromosome segregation and cell cycle regulation.
On the laws of certain varieties of groups
Authors: Howlett Robert B. , Levingston Richard 
Published: April 2009

Let m and n be coprime positive integers. The variety (consisting of all groups G such that for some normal subgroup H of G, H is abelian of exponent dividing m and G/H is abelian of exponent dividing n) and the variety both satisfy the following three laws:all elements have order dividing mn;the commutator of two mth powers has order dividing m;the commutator of two nth powers has order dividing n.It is proved that any law which holds in both these varieties (notably that commutators commute) is a consequence of the above three laws.
A variational-like inequality problem
Authors: Parida J. , Sahoo M. , Kumar A. 
Published: April 2009

Given a closed and convex set K in Rn and two continuous maps F: K → Rn and η: K × K → Rn, the problem considered here is to find ε K such that.We call it a variational-like inequality problem, and develop a theory for the existence of a solution. We also show the relationship between the variational-like inequality problem and some mathematical programming problems.
A note on the coefficients of mixed normed spaces
Authors: Kwon E. G. 
Published: April 2009

For 0 < P,q < ∞, α> −1, Ap,q,α denotes the space of all holomorphic functions in the unit disc satisfyingwhereIn this paper, we find a sufficient condition for the multipliers from AP,q,α into ls, 1 ≤ s ≤ ∞, 1 ≤ q ≤ 2, which interpolates the results of Patrick Ahern and Miroljub Jevtic. As a corollary, we can calculatefor q′ ≤ s ≤ ∞, 1/q + 1/q′ = 1. Also, we can find a sharp coefficient condition for HP functions.
Compactness and convexity of cores of targets for neutral systems
Authors: Eke Anthony N. 
Published: April 2009

In this paper we prove the convexity and the compactness of the cores of targets for neutral control systems. We make use of a weak compactness argument; but in the crucial part where we establish the boundeduess of the cores of the target we make use of the notion of asymptotic direction from convex Set Theory. Let En be n-dimensional Euclidean space. We prove that the core of the target H = L + E (where L = {x ∈ En | Mx = 0}, M is a constant in m × n matrix and E is a compact, convex set containing 0) of the neutral systemis convex, and is compact if, and only if, the systemis Euclidean controllable.
Some representation formulae for entire functions of exponential type
Authors: Frappier Clément 
Published: April 2009

We obtain some explicit formulae for series of the typewhere f is an entire function of exponential type τ, bounded on the real exis (and satisfying in the first case). These series are expressed in terms of the derivatives of f and Bernoulli numbers. We examine the case where f is a trigonometric polynomial which lead us, in particular, to a new representation of the associated Fejér mean.
Third Engel groups
Authors: Gupta N. D. , Newman M. F. 
Published: April 2009

We present some new results on third Engel groups which are motivated by computer calculations but are not dependent on them. They include:• for n > 2 every n-generator third Engel group is nilpotent of class at most 2n – 1;• the fifth term of the lower central series of a third Engel group has exponent dividing 20;• the subgroup generated by fifth powers of elements in a third Engel group is nearly centre-by-metabeliami;and a normal form theorem for freest third Engel groups without elements of order 2.
A note on spaces related to Namioka spaces
Authors: Lee J.P. , Piotrowski Z. 
Published: April 2009

Namioka proved that the following condition (*) given below holds, if X is Čech-complete and Y is a locally compact, σ-compact space.(*) Let X and Y be spaces, Z be a metric space and let f: X × Y → Z be separately continuous. Then there is a dense, Gδ set A in X such that A × Y ⊂ C(f).Following Christensen a space X is called Namioka if (*) is true for any compact space Y. In this paper we introduce and study a new class of spaces which is closely related to Namioka spaces. Namely, we say that a space Y is co-Namioka if (*) holds for any Namioka space X.
On Measures of Polynomials in Several Variables: Corrigendum
Authors: Myerson Gerald , Smyth C.J. 
Published: April 2009

In [2], it was asserted in Theorem 3 that the measure M(x0 + … + xx) is asymptotically , where c was an explicit constant. The value of c given was incorrect, and should be e-½γ where γ is Euler's constant. This was pointed out by the first author. In factwhere we have tried to make amends by improving the error term.
An average distance result in Euclidean n-space
Authors: Strantzen John 
Published: April 2009

The following result has been established by Stadje and Gross:THEOREM. If 〈X, d〉 is a compact connected metric space, then there is a unique positive real number a(〈X, d〉) with the property that for each natural number n, and for all {x1, x2, …, xn} ⊂ X, there exists y ∈ X for which
On a class of polynomials associated with the subgraphs of a graph and its application to chromatic and dichromatic polynomials
Authors: Farrell E.J. 
Published: April 2009

Let G be a graph. With every connected subgraph of G, let us associate a weight (Wα and with every spanning subgrapha or cover) C of G, a weightwhere αi (i = 1, 2, …, n) are the components of C. The subgraph polynomial of G iswhere the summation is taken over all the spanning subgraphs in G.The basic properties of subgraph polynomials are given, expressions for the subgraph polynomials of multigraphs and pseudographs are derived, and the chromatic and dichromatic polynomials are shown to be special cases of the subgraph polynomial.
An extension of kesten's generalised law of the iterated Logarithm
Authors: Maller R. A. 
Published: April 2009

Let Xi be independent and identically distributed random variables with Sn = X1 + X2 + … + Xn. We extend a classic result of Kesten, by showing that if Xiare in the domain of partial attraction of the normal distribution, there are sequences αn and B(n) for whichalmost surely, and the almost sure limit points of (sn−αn)/b(n) coincide with the interval [−1, l]. The norming sequence B(n) is slightly different to that used by Kesten, and has properties that are less desirable. The converse to the above result is known to be true by results of Heyde and Rogozin.
Characterizations of the sphere by the mean II-curvature
Authors: Stamou George 
Published: April 2009

The notion of “mean II-curvature” of a C4-surface (without parabolic points) in the three-dimensional Euclidean space has been introduced by Ekkehart Glässner. The aim of this note is to give some global characterizations of the sphere related to the above notion.In the three-dimensional Euclidean space E3 we consider a sufficiently smooth ovaloid S (closed convex surface) with Gaussian curvature K > 0 . The ovaloid S possesses a positive definite second fundamental form II, if appropriately oriented. During the last years several authors have been concerned with the problem of characterizations of the sphere by the curvature of the second fundamental form of S. In this paper we give some characterizations of the sphere using the concept of the mean II-curvatureHII (of S), defined by Ekkehart Glässner.
On interpolation polynomials of the Hermite-Fejér type II
Authors: Goodenough S.J. , Mills T.M. 
Published: April 2009

Given a ŕeal-valued function f on [−1, 1], n ∈ N, and the following partition of [−1, 1[:there exists a unique polynomial R4n−1(f; x) of degree not exceeding 4n − 1 such thatand, for j = 1, 2 and 3,
Some degeneracy and pathology in non-associative radical theory II
Authors: Gardner B. J. 
Published: April 2009

It is shown that in the universal classes of(i) all commutative algebras,(ii) all anti-commutative algebras and(iii) all algebras satisfying x2 = 0 (over any commutative, associative, unital ring)the only radical classes with hereditary semi-simple classes are those for which membership is determined by additive structure. Some examples of non-hereditary semi-simple classes in the class of all power-associative algebras are also presented.
A generalization of Lagrange multipliers: Corrigendum
Authors: Craven B.D. 
Published: April 2009

There is a lacuna in the proof of Lemma 1 of [1]; the projector q is assumed without proof. An alternative, valid proof is as follows.LEMMA 1. Let S, U0, V0 be real Banach spaces; let A : S → U0 and B : S → V0 be continuous linear maps, whose null spaces are N(A) respectively N(B); let N(A) ⊂ N(B) : let A map S onto U0. Then there exists a continuous linear map C : U0 → V0 such that B = C ° A.
A note on generalised linear complementarity problems
Authors: Parida J. , Sahoo B. 
Published: April 2009

Given ann×nmatrixA, ann-dimensional vectorq, and a closed, convex coneSofRn, the generalized linear complementarity problem considered here is the following: find az∈Rnsuch thatwheres* is the polar cone ofS. The existence of a solution to this problem for arbitrary vectorqhas been established both analytically and constructively for several classes of matricesA. In this note, a new class of matrices, denoted byJ, is introduced.Ais aJ-matrix ifThe new class can be seen to be broader than previously studied classes. We analytically show that for anyAin this class, a solution to the above problem exists for arbitrary vectorq. This is achieved by using a result on variational inequalities.
On Stieltjes-Volterra integral equations
Authors: Pandit S.G. 
Published: April 2009

A Stieltjes-Volterra integral equation systemis firstly considered. Pointwise estimates and boundedness of its solutions are obtained under various conditions on the functionK. To do this, the well-known Gronwall-Bellman integral inequality is generalized. For a particular choice ofu, it is shown that the integral equation reduces to a difference equation. The problem of existence (and non-existence), uniqueness (and non-uniqueness) of the difference equation is discussed. Gronwall-Bellman inequality is further generalized tonlinear terms and is subsequently applied to obtain sufficient conditions in order that a certain stability of the unperturbed Volterra systemimplies the corresponding local stability of the (discontinuously) perturbed system
An oscillation theorem for a superlinear functional differential equation with general deviating arguments
Authors: Kitamura Yuichi , Kusano Takaŝsi 
Published: April 2009

An oscillation criterion is established for a class of functional differential equations including the generalized Emden-Fowler equationas a special case. The deviating arguments involved may be retarded or advanced or otherwise. The result extends and improves known fundamental oscillation criteria for superlinear differential equations with retarded arguments.
An existence theorem for the generalized complementarity problem
Authors: Parida J. , Sahoo B. 
Published: April 2009

Given a closed, convex cone S, in Rn, its polar S* and a mapping g from Rn into itself, the generalized nonlinear complementarity problem is to find a z ∈ Rn such thatMany existence theorems for the problem have been established under varying conditions on g. We introduce new mappings, denoted by J(S)-functions, each of which is used to guarantee the existence of a solution to the generalized problem under certain coercivity conditions on itself. A mapping g:S → Rn is a J(S)-function ifimply that z = 0. It is observed that the new class of functions is a broader class than the previously studied ones.
The interruption phenomenon for generalized continued fractions
Authors: de Bruin M.G. 
Published: April 2009

After defining a generalized C-fraction (a kind of Jacobi-Perron algorithm) for an n-tuple of formal power series over (n ≥ 2), the connection between interruptions in the algorithm and linear dependence over [x] of the power series is studied.Examples will be given showing that the algorithm behaves in a way similar to the Jacobi-Perron algorithm for an n-tuple of real numbers (the gcd-algorithm): there do exist n-tuples of formal power series f(1), f(2), …, f(n) with a C-n-fraction without interruptions but for which 1, f(1), f(2), …, f(n) is nevertheless linearly dependent over [x].Moreover an example will be given of algebraic functions f, g of degree n over [x] (formally defined) for which the C-n-fraction for f, f2, …, fn has just one interruption and that for g, g2, …, gn 1 none, while of course 1. f, f2, …, fn and 1, g, g2, …, gn admit (only) one dependence relation over [x].
A computer aided classification of certain groups of prime power order: Corrigendum
Authors: Ascione Judith A. , Havas George , Leedham-Green C.R. 
Published: April 2009

The first four paragraphs of [1, p. 258] are a mildly erroneous over simplification of the situation. A more accurate description follows.The analysis of two-generator 3-groups of second maximal class goes along the following lines. We first define a class of group whose structure is particularly amenable to theoretical analysis.
A uniqueness theorem for the Chaplygin-Frankl problem
Authors: Rassias John M.S. 
Published: April 2009

In a paper dealing with trans-sonic jet flows Frankl (Bull. Acad. Sci. URSS Sér. Math. [Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSE] 9 (1945), 121–143) considered the following problem (T) by applying the conditionwhere k = k(y) is a monotone increasing function with a continuous second derivative, k(0) = 0, F(0) > 0, k′(y) ≠ 0 for y < 0. Consider an equation of the formwhich is elliptic for y > 0, hyperbolic for y < 0, and parabolic for y = 0. Consider equation (2) in a bounded simply connected region D ⊂ R2 which is bounded by the following three curves: a piecewise smooth curve Γ0 lying in the half-plane y > 0 which intersects the line y = 0 at the points A(0, 0) and B(l, 0); for y < 0 by a smooth curve Γ2 through B which meets the characteristic of (2) issuing from A(0, 0) at the point P; and the curve Γ1 which consists of the portion PA of the characteristic through A. The problem (T) (or problem of Tricomi-Frankl) consists of finding a solution u = u(x, y) ∈ C2(D) assuming prescribed values on Γ0 ∪ Γ2. In the present paper we generalize Frankl's uniqueness theorem; our uniqueness theorem includes cases where F(y) may be negative.
Hilbert spaces have the Banach-Stone property for Bochner spaces
Authors: Greim Peter 
Published: April 2009

Let (ωi, σi, μi.) be two positive finite measure spaces, V a non-zero Hilbert space, and 1 ≤ p < ∞, p # 2. In this article it is shown that each surjective linear isometry between the Bochner spaces induces a Boolean isomorphism between the measure algebras , thus generalizing a result of Cambern's for separable Hilbert spaces.This Banach–Stone type theorem is achieved via a description of the Lp-structure of .
A continuity property related to an index of non-separability and its applications
Authors: Moors Warren B. 
Published: April 2009

For a set E in a metric space X the index of non-separability is β(E) = inf{r > 0: E is covered by a countable-family of balls of radius less than r}.Now, for a set-valued mapping Φ from a topological space A into subsets of a metric space X we say that Φ is β upper semi-continuous at t ∈ A if given ε > 0 there exists a neighbourhood U of t such that β(Φ(U)) < ε. In this paper we show that if the subdifferential mapping of a continuous convex function Φ is β upper semi-continuous on a dense subset of its domain then Φ is Fréchet differentiable on a dense Gδ subset of its domain. We also show that a Banach space is Asplund if and only if every weak* compact subset has weak* slices whose index of non-separability is arbitrarily small.
Some further results on oscillation of neutral differential equations
Authors: Yu Jianshe , Wang Zhicheng 
Published: April 2009

We obtain new sufficient conditions for the oscillation of all solutions of the neutral differential equation with variable coefficientswhereP, Q, R∈C([t0, ∞),R+),r∈ (0, ∞) and τ, σ ∈ [0, ∞). Our results improve several known results in papers by: Chuanxi and Ladas; Lalli and Zhang; Wei; Ruan.
Riemann derivatives and general integrals
Authors: De Sarkar S. , Das A. G. 
Published: April 2009

Sargent and later Bullen and Mukhopadhyay obtained a definition of absolutely continuous functions, functions, that is related to kth Peano derivatives. The generalised notions of ACkG*, [ACkG*], ACkG* above, etcetera functions led Bullen and Mukhopadhyay to define certain general integrals of the kth order.The present work is concerned with a further simplification of the definitions of such functions by the use of divided differences but still retaining similar fundamental properties. These concepts lead to the introduction of Denjoy and Ridder type integrals which are shown to be equivalent to a Perron type integral that corresponds to kth Riemann* derivatives. All three of these integrals are shown to be equivalent to the three integrals of Bullen and Mukhopadhyay.
On the average distance property in finite dimensional real Banach spaces
Authors: Wolf Reinhard 
Published: April 2009

The average distance Theorem of Gross implies that for each N-dimensional real Banach space E (N ≥ 2) there is a unique positive real number r(E) with the following property: for each positive integer n and for all (not necessarily distinct) x1, x2, …, xn, in E with ‖x1‖ = ‖x2‖ = … = ‖xn‖ = 1, there exists an x in E with ‖x‖ = 1 such that.In this paper we prove that if E has a 1-unconditional basis then r(E)≤2−(l/N) and equality holds if and only if E is isometrically isomorphic to Rn equipped with the usual 1-norm.