bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Slow‐Release bFGF with Gelatin on Anosmia Mice
Authors: Nota Jumpei , Gyo Kiyofumi , Hato Naohito 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveBasic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) may regenerate the olfactory system. However, it does not work well because of short acting time. We developed a new drug delivery system by embedding bFGF in a gelatin hydrogel that degrades slowly. This study is designed to identify the effects of bFGF‐hydrogel in anosmia mice.MethodAn anosmia mouse model was induced by i.p. injection of 3‐methylindole. The animals were divided into four groups by the following procedures: group A, no further treatment; B, single intranasal administration of bFGF; C, single intranasal administration of PBS‐hydrogel; D, single intranasal administration of bFGF‐hydrogel. A month later, we evaluated by behavioral observations and histological findings.ResultsThe results for groups A, B, and C were similar in all investigations. In contrast, group D revealed better results; behavior observation showed improvement of olfactory loss and, in histological study, the thickness of olfactory epithelium and the number of Olfactory Marker Protein (OMP)‐immunoreactive cells increased after a month. These results indicated the efficacy of single intranasal administration of embedding bFGF in hydrogel for impaired olfactory function.ConclusionThis preliminary study revealed the efficacy of a bFGF‐impregnated biodegradable hydrogel as a drug‐delivery medium in the olfactory mucosa. Single intranasal administration of embedding bFGF in hydrogel facilitates faster healing from olfactory dysfunction. Further studies are necessary to fully evaluate the usefulness of this procedure.
The Effects of Septoplasty on QTc Dispersion
Authors: Erkul Evren , Isilak Zafer , Gungor Atila , Cekin Engin Ibrahim , Cincik Hakan 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveStudies have shown that nasopharyngeal airway diseases, such as obstructive sleep apnea, are closely associated with cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there is any impact of septoplasty operation on QTc dispersion (QTcD) in patients with nasal septum deviation.MethodThis study included 28 young deviated nasal septum patients. All patients underwent septoplasty. The QT interval, the heart rate‐corrected QT, and the QT dispersion were calculated digitally using computerized electrocardiograms (ECG) by Holter ECG. Heart rates, QT intervals, QTc, and QTcD values were compared preoperatively and one‐month postoperatively.ResultsQTcD was measured 62.9 ± 7.9 in young patients with nasal septal deviation. While there was no significant change in ECG QT interval periods obtained from the patients taken after the procedure (354.8 ± 25.7 and 360 ± 25.4, P >. 05), there was a significant decrease in QTc values (398 ± 22.9 and 383.7 ± 21.2, P =. 013 [<0.05]), and there was a significant decrease in QTcD values (62.9 ± 7.9 and 45.7 ± 6.7, P =. 000). In addition, heart rates were significantly decreased after surgery (76.5 ± 13.2 and 67.4 ± 10.4, P =. 007).ConclusionIn our study, QTcD values were increased in young patients with nasal septal deviation. High QTcD value indicates increased heterogeneity of ventricular repolarization. Septoplasty is important for young people with nasal deviations to provide improvement of QTc dispersion. Nasopharyngeal airway diseases have negative effects on myocardial repolarization.
The Efficacy of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery in the Management of Silent Sinus Syndrome
Authors: Javer Amin R. , Akbari Elaheh , Manji Jamil , Rahmanian Ronak , Sunkarneni San 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveEvaluate the efficacy of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) without orbital floor augmentation in restoring maxillary sinus volume and resolving enophthalmos in patients with silent sinus syndrome.MethodA retrospective chart review was conducted in all patients with silent sinus syndrome managed with endoscopic sinus surgery at St Paul’s Hospital from 2005 to 2010. A comparison of pre‐ and postoperative ophthalmometric and CT scan maxillary sinus volumetric measurements were performed.ResultsIn total, there were 25 patients aged 24 to 71 years who were managed with ESS. All patients underwent ESS with maxillary sinus antrostomy. All patients had a significant improvement in postoperative maxillary sinus volumetric measurements, with a mean increase of 22.7%.ConclusionESS without orbital floor augmentation can be used to improve enophthalmos and reverse maxillary sinus atelectasis in most patients with silent sinus syndrome.
The Endoscopic Trephination Approach for Repair of Frontal Sinus CSF Leaks
Authors: Crozier Daniel L. , Goyal Parul 
Published: September 2011

Objective1) Describe a less invasive technique than craniotomy or frontal sinus obliteration for the management of frontal sinus skull base defects. 2) Be able to assess the long term results of using a combined endoscopic and frontal sinus trephination approach for the management of frontal sinus skull base defects.MethodReview of series of three cases of patients with frontal sinus skull base defects repaired using a combined endoscopic and trephination approach.ResultsThe technique was used successfully in 2 patients with traumatic frontal sinus skull base defects and one patient with a spontaneous frontal sinus encephalocele. The cases described demonstrate safe and effective use of endoscopic frontal sinus trephination to repair CSF leaks. In all cases, the surgical approach provided excellent exposure of the skull base defect and allowed for a layered repair. In all cases, long term follow‐up has revealed excellent cosmesis and functional frontal sinuses with patent outflow tracts.ConclusionA combined endoscopic and frontal sinus trephination approach is a safe and effective technique in the management of frontal sinus skull base defects. This technique provides excellent exposure of all aspects of the frontal sinus without the need for a craniotomy or frontal sinus obliteration procedure.
The Expression of Histamine Receptor and Chemokines in Epithelial Cells and Fibroblasts of the Upper Respiratory Tract after Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Infection
Authors: Young Su Jung , Cho Jung Seang 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveIdentify the effect of RSV on upper respiratory tract infections or the symptoms of allergic rhinitis by investigating the changes of the aspect of the expressions of many chemokines or the histamine receptor when the epithelial cells of the nasal mucosa or the fibroblast are infected by RSV.MethodA mucosa sample of the inferior turbinate is obtained from 12 patients. One half of the sample is used for incubation of epithelial cells, and the other half is used in culturing fibroblasts. After infecting the cultured samples by RSV, we check the expression of Eotaxin, RANTES, IL‐8, GRO‐a, and HRc.ResultsThe study suggests that as time passes by after RSV infection, upper respiratory tract epithelial cell samples show an increase of H1RC, H2RC, H4RC, RANTES, and IL‐8, and fibroblast samples show an increase of expression of H1RC, H2RC, H3RC, H4RC, GRO‐a, and IL‐8.ConclusionThe epithelial cells of the human upper respiratory tract, similar to those of the human lower respiratory tract, cause an influx of variable inflammatory cells and, therefore, induce inflammatory response and hyperreactivity, cause increased expression of histamine receptors, and induce symptoms similar to those of allergic rhinitis, such as rhinorrhea and sneezing.
Transnasal Endoscopic Microdebrider‐Assisted Marsupialization of a Nasolabial Cyst and a Nasopalatine Duct Cyst
Authors: Kim Dong Hyun , Jeon Eun‐Ju , Park Young‐Soo 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveInvestigate the management of the nasolabial cyst and nasopalatine cyst by transnasal endoscopic microdebrider‐assisted marsupialization.MethodWe performed transnasal endoscopic microdebrider‐assisted marsupialization for nasolabial cyst and nasopalatine duct cyst.ResultsPatients experienced decreases in operation time, blood loss, and hospitalized time when treated with transnasal endoscopic microdebrider‐assisted marsupialization.ConclusionTransnasal endoscopic microdebrider‐assisted marsupialization is an effective treatment for nasolabial cyst and nasopalatine duct cyst.
CPR Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients with Tracheostomies
Authors: Sultan Omer , Loeslie Vicki , Rabatin Jeff 
Published: September 2011

Objective1) Outcomes of cardiac arrest in hospitalized patients with tracheostomies. 2) Disposition of patients at the time of hospital discharge.MethodA retrospective electronic chart review was performed of 1102 patients who had cardiac arrest (absence of pulse or non‐perfusing rhythm) at a tertiary care academic medical center between Jan 2005‐Dec 2009. Data was abstracted and summarized using descriptive statistics.ResultsTwenty‐six of 1102 (2%) had a tracheostomy at the time of arrest. Median age years = 61 years (range 24‐83 years). A total of 18 out of 26 (69%) were male. A total of 18 out of 26 (69%) had return of spontaneous circulation following resuscitation. Fourteen out of 26 (54%) were on mechanical ventilation (MV) at the time of arrest. Twenty‐two out of 26 (84%) patients had tracheostomy secondary to prolonged MV. Twelve out of 26 (46%) patients were alive at 3 months and 7 out of 26 (26%) patients were alive at 1 year. Of the 11 patients who survived to discharge, disposition included: 6 out of 11 (54%) home; 3 out of 11 (27%) long‐term acute care hospital (LTAC); 2 out of 11 (18%) skilled nursing facility (SNF).ConclusionThe frequency of cardiac arrest in patients with a tracheostomy was 2.4%. Survival at 1 year was 26%. Of those who survived to discharge, 54% of patients went home and 45% were discharged to a LTAC or SNF.
Turbinate‐Conserving Medial Maxillectomy for Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma
Authors: Asako Mikiya , Tomoda Koichi 
Published: September 2011

ObjectivePresent the authors’ experience and outcomes in the maxillary inverted papilloma using turbinate‐conserving medial maxillectomy, so‐called swinging‐turbinate procedure.MethodCase series with retrospective investigation.ResultsEndoscopic medial maxillectomy (EMM) is one of the best approaches for the maxillary tumor arising from the lateral and/or frontal wall of the maxillary sinus. However, the function of turbinate mucosal membrane is sacrificed. We present turbinate‐conserving medial maxillectomy, providing wide surgical fields that compare favorably with EMM. The most distinctive feature of the swinging‐turbinate procedure is conserving the inferior turbinate membrane and the nasolacrimal duct. Five of 45 patients who underwent swinging‐turbinate procedure qualified for the analysis. The outcome of the surgery was satisfactory except for 1 case of recurrence.ConclusionMost of the T3 cases and some of the T4 cases in Krouse’s classification system can be treated as ESS. Swinging‐turbinate procedure provides good results for IP.
Use of the KTP DermaStat for Recurrent Anterior Epistaxis
Authors: Frampton Steven James , Jain Abhiney , Sachinanda Ravi , Rhys‐Williams Stuart , Jain Parmod K. 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveAssess the efficacy of the potassium‐titanyl phosphate (KTP) laser DermaStat handpiece in treating prominent anterior septal vessels that cause recurrent epistaxes. The handpiece is reusable, unlike the traditional disposable light fiber, facilitating more cost‐effective use of KTP technology, with potential for more widespread use in the office setting.MethodA UK‐based, single‐center retrospective and prospective case series. From 2004 onward 37 patients with recurrent epistaxes and prominent anterior septal vessels with/without previous cauterization (age 4‐80 years; M:F 21:16) underwent a single laser treatment. The primary outcome measure was continued cessation of epistaxis after two months.ResultsA total of 89% of patients attended follow‐up at 2 months, and 88% of these had experienced complete cessation of bleeding. The remaining 12% subjectively experienced a reduction in the frequency of epistaxes. No undesirable side‐effects of the treatment were experienced or evident at follow‐up.ConclusionThe “Jain technique” using the DermaStat handpiece with the KTP laser is an effective method of controlling recurrent anterior epistaxes. The technique is safe, with no observed complications, and the re‐usability of the hand piece facilitates more widespread and cost‐effective use of KTP technology.
Validation of Sniffin’ Sticks Olfactory Test and Olfactory Disorder Questionnaire in a UK Population
Authors: Neumann Codruta , Philpott Carl M. , Clark Allan 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveValidate the applicability of Sniffin’ Sticks in a UK population. These pen‐like odor dispensing devices are used to assess threshold, discrimination, and identification. Odor identification is strongly dependent on familiarity with the odors and has an important cultural component, which has limited the usefulness of other validated tests.MethodA prospective study of 63 subjects, 24 healthy volunteers with a reported normal sense of smell, and 39 patients with an impaired sense of smell presenting either at a rhinology or an olfactory disorder clinic. Each subject’s olfactory function was assessed using the Sniffin’ Stick test.ResultsThe mean age of the subjects tested was 46.7 years; 40 female and 23 male. In the patient group, 30 were hyposmic and 9 anosmic. In the healthy volunteers group, all subjects were normosmic. The mean TDI score for patients and healthy volunteers was 21.06 (range, 8‐30.5) and 33.73 (range, 29.25‐37.75) respectively. Mean identification score in the 2 groups was 8.84 (range, 1‐15) for patients (range) and 13.69 (range, 11‐16) for healthy volunteers.ConclusionIn our sample of the UK population the TDI and odor identification scores for healthy volunteers and patients with olfactory disorders are comparable with the normative data published on large samples of European populations. Discussion of commonly mistaken odors in the odor identification test is undertaken.
Comparison of Pre‐ and Postoperative Sleep in Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Nishimura Yoichi , Ahmed Wael A. 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveAdenotonsillectomy is a common procedure for treating pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). It improves child growth as well as his psychological status. The objectives of this study are to compare the results of pre and postoperative polysomnographic data in terms of sleep structure and to identify the difference of each sleep stage.MethodThis is a prospective study of sleep structures of pediatric OSA patients, done on 26 children with OSA. Mean age was 4.5 years. It was done in a tertiary university hospital. All children had adenotonsillectomy. Standard over‐night polysomnography was performed pre‐operatively and one to three months postoperatively.ResultsWe identified significant improvements of mean apnea hypopnea index (AHI) after the adeno‐tonsillectomy from 17.1 to 3.53 (P <. 001). Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep did not change significantly. Both Stage 2 and slow wave stage did not change significantly. We also identified significant improvement in the arousal index from 23 to 11 (P <. 001).ConclusionWe compared pre and post operative sleep structures in OSA children after adenotonsillectomy. We identified significant polysomnographic changes in the sleep structures in form of reduction of sleep stage 1 and arousal index. These polysomnographic parameters may lead to improvement of their physical and psychological conditions after the operation.
Does Tension Matter? A Comparison of Genioglossus Advancement Using Tensiometry to Predict Successful Outcomes
Authors: Andrews Jamie , Barrera Jose 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveEvaluate the role of tension on the genioglossus muscle in patients undergoing genioglossus advancement for obstructive sleep apnea. We hypothesize that decreased tension and increased bicortical mandibular width will result in successful postoperative outcomes.MethodEleven patients underwent preoperative and postoperative polysomnography, nasal endoscopy, and subjective questionnaires. Intraoperatively, the bicortical width of the mandible and the force required to pull the window osteotomy forward was measured with a tensiometer. The preoperative and postoperative data collected was then compared against the intraoperative measurements.ResultsAll patients completed pre‐ and postoperative evaluation. 82% (9/11) of patients were responders, defined as a greater than 50% reduction in AHI to an absolute level less than 15 events/h with no oxygen desaturations on postoperative polysomnography below 85%. A total of 18% (2/11) were nonresponders. All patients who were responders demonstrated a relative decreased tension (grams) and increased mandibular width (millimeters) with a tension to width ratio of less than sixty. All non‐responders had a tension to width ratio of greater than sixty. Further, patients with the lowest ratio demonstrated the greatest subjective and objective improvement based on sleep questionnaires and polysomnography.ConclusionWe conclude that decreased tension and increased mandibular width are positive predictive factors for postoperative success, and increased tension and narrow mandibular width are negative predictive factors for postoperative success. Thus, the tension to bicortical width ratio may be an independent predictor of postoperative success following genioglossus advancement.
Effect of Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty on Retropalatal Region
Authors: Tanyeri Hasan , Serin Gediz M. , Polat Senol 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveRetropalatal region is a part of upper airway contributing to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). We aimed to demonstrate the changes in the retropalatal surface area (RPSA) after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) in an attempt to exhibit enlargement as a predictor of surgical treatment.MethodTwenty patients with OSA who underwent UPPP were retrospectively evaluated. Pre and postoperative respiratory disturbance index (RDI), RPSA measurements were studied. Retropalatal region photos were captured at the base of uvula during fiber optic nasopharyngolaryngoscopy to measure RPSAs using AutoCad2004. RDI levels, RPSA measurements were compared using paired t test.ResultsThe RPSA measurements in the preoperative subjects were between 20 and 72 (mean 44.18). The RPSA measurements in the postoperative patients were between 37 and 107 (mean 72.82). The RPSA significantly increased in postoperative patients (P =. 001). The mean RDI decreased from 27.5 ± 22.2 to 14.6 ± 12.4 (P >. 05).ConclusionRPSA increases in UPPP patients postoperatively with evidence of an enlarged retropalatal region. Decreased RDI levels indicate amelioration in OSA. RPSA measurements can be used to predict UPPP surgical treatment success.
Effects of Minimally Invasive OSA Surgery on Middle Ear
Authors: Lin Hsin‐Ching , Friedman Michael 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveStudy the impact of Pillar implantation plus radiofrequency tongue base reduction (RFBOT) for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome on middle ear function.MethodThe patients who underwent a Pillar implantation combined with RFBOT for OSA were enrolled. All subjects had normal eardrums. Pure‐tone audiometry and tympanometry were performed preoperatively, and at 1 day, 7 days, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively. Baseline and postoperative middle ear pressures (MEPs) in decipascals were compared.ResultsTwenty patients (17 men, 3 women; mean age 45.7 years) were reviewed. Six patients (6/20, 30.0%) reported otologic complaints such as ear pressure and/or otalgia within one week postoperatively. No permanent otologic discomfort occurred. A trend toward reduced MEP was noted in this study. The decrease in MEP became apparent on day 1 and 7. However, mean pressure changes were no longer significantly different from preoperative values by one week after surgery.ConclusionThe minimally invasive surgery with Pillar implantation plus RFBOT for OSA induces changes in middle ear function. However, the changes were temporary and not significant after 3 months follow‐up.
Culturomic Analysis of Trends in Otolaryngology
Authors: Tward Aaron , Lee Daniel J. 
Published: September 2011

Objective1) Quantitatively describe historical trends in diagnoses and treatments in otolaryngology as measured by frequency of word use. 2) Quantitatively describe historical trends in terminology used in otolaryngology.MethodA variety of search terms of n‐grams (words or short phrases) specific to the practice of otolaryngology was used to search the English Language Corpus of Google Books. Trends in n‐gram frequency across years were correlated to known historical milestones in otolaryngology.ResultsA variety of search terms was used, the results of which quantitatively document historical trends in otolaryngology. For example the frequency of “stapes” in the corpus increased sharply around 1957, correlated with increases in the frequency of the terms “otosclerosis” and “stapedectomy,” whereas “incus” showed no similar increase in frequency. These frequencies correlate well with the popularization of stapedectomy for otosclerosis. Many additional analyses are presented with similarly strong correlations. In addition, trends of word use in otolaryngology were quantified by the same technique.ConclusionCulturomic searches accurately demonstrate historical trends in otolaryngology, permitting both quantitative analysis of known trends and revelation of previously unknown trends in diagnosis, treatment, and terminology use in otolaryngology.
Effects of Minimally Invasive Surgery for OSA on Quality of Life
Authors: Lin Hsin‐Ching , Friedman Michael , Wang Pa‐Chun 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveStudy the impact of Pillar implantation plus radiofrequency tongue base reduction (RFBOT) for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome on quality of life (QOL).MethodAll OSA patients with multilevel obstruction who failed or refused the CPAP treatment and then underwent single‐staged multilevel minimally invasive surgery (Pillar implantation and RFBOT) were enrolled. The subjective symptoms and QOL (SF‐36 Taiwan Standard Version 1.0) parameters were collected pre‐ and postoperatively. Postoperative morbidity was recorded.ResultsTwenty patients (3 women, 17 men) were reviewed. The mean visual analog scale (0‐10) score of postoperative pain was 1.9. One pillar dislocated after implantation. One patient had tongue abscess after RF tongue base surgery. The mean ESS (Epworth Sleepiness Scale) changed from 11.9 ± 5.1 to 10.4 ± 5.0 (P =. 049, Wilcoxon signed rank test). The mean snoring VAS reduced from 9.8 ± 0.6 to 4.9 ± 2.0 (P =. 000). The mean score of SF‐36 increased from 65.5 ± 19.6 to 75.2 ± 16.7 (P =. 000). The SF‐36 sub‐scales in bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning and role‐emotional showed statistically significant changes.ConclusionThis study has demonstrated that the single‐staged multilevel minimally invasive surgery (Pillar implantation and temperature‐controlled radiofrequency of the base of tongue) appears to be an effective and safe tool for treating OSA patients who may be unresponsive to conservative therapy.