bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overview of sudden infant death syndrome in Japan
Authors: NISHIDA HIROSHI 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn spite of rapid medical advancement in the care of infants and children, not only the general public but also many medical personnel have remained unaware of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) until very recently in Japan. In 1981, a research project team on SIDS financed by the Ministry of Health and Welfare was founded. Current incidence of SIDS is estimated to be about 0.5 per 1000 live births. The SIDS Family Association was organized in 1993 in Japan and began to publicize the social importance of SIDS and to support SIDS families by training befrienders. A series of articles on current achievements from SIDS research projects and from the SIDS Family Association are submitted to this issue. The present paper summarizes the status of SIDS in Japan by overviewing the activities of the research team and the SIDS Family Association.
Toward better home respiratory monitoring: A comparison of impedance and inductance pneumography
Authors: MIYASAKA KATSUYUKI , KONDO YOICHI , SUZUKI TAKESHI , SAKAI HIROKAZU , TAKATA MASAO 
Published: January 2011

AbstractVarious respiratory monitoring methods have been used as a part of home respiratory care, but none has been accepted as a universal method. Impedance pneumography is the most popular method at present and is used in the form of cardiorespiratory monitoring, but it has limitations for diagnosing obstructive airway problems and a high incidence of false alarms.We evaluated a new investigational method, inductance pneumography, in terms of the incidence of false alarms (waveform out of range), using infants recovering from general anesthesia. They were used for this study because they go through all the stages of sleep in a short period and their relatively long period of light sleep was advantageous in evaluating motion artifact interference.Waveforms went out of range 24.6 ± 2.9% of the time with impedance pneumography and 15.9 ± 4.5% with pulse oximeter, but 11.0 ± 3.4% with inductance pneumography. These differences are statistically significant (P < 0.01). Electrocardiography electrodes for impedance pneumography dislodged briefly in one case but the Respiband dislodged in four cases and the Flex II probe dislodged in three cases, indicating the need for better fixation of sensors.It was found that inductance pneumography, in addition to being able to detect obstructive apnea, has a significantly lower incidence of false alarms. Further elaboration of this method is warranted for better home respiratory monitoring.
The airway occlusion test as a screening for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
Authors: HASEGAWA HISAYA 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe airway occlusion test was carried out as a screening test for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). To obtain the normal values for use as control values, the relationship of the airway occlusion test with various variables was determined in 234 infants. The result shows that the best correlation was seen between percentage prolongation and the corrected gestational age. Percentage prolongation increased with the progression of age up to about the 40th week of corrected gestational age. Subsequently, there was no remarkable change in percentage prolongation. In six out of eight cases with apparent life threatening events, percentage prolongation was reduced. These results indicate that the determination of percentage prolongation can be used for screening of high risk babies for SIDS.
Sudden cerebral hypoperfusion enhances respiratory suppression in hypoxic newborn piglets
Authors: TOGARI HAJIME , KATO INEKO , YAMAGUCHI NOBUYUKI 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe relationship between sudden cerebral hypoperfusion and sudden respiratory suppression was investigated in newborn piglets. A total of 11 experiments on five newborn piglets were divided into three groups: normoxic, hyperoxic and hypoxic. The sudden cerebral hypoperfusion was created by manual compression of the Arteria carotis communis and Vena jugularis interna. Respiratory suppression was calculated by measuring the duration of apnea and the per cent reduction of respiratory amplitude. The means of apnea duration in normoxic and hyperoxic groups were 6.6 ± 0.8 and 1.2 ± 2.4 s, respectively, while two experiments on the hypoxic group showed 8.4 s and complete cessation of respiration in one of them. The per cent reductions of respiratory amplitude in the normoxic and hyperoxic groups were 23.3 ± 8.5 and 17.6 ± 11.7%, respectively. In the hypoxic group, one of two experiments showed a 22.7% reduction, which was equivalent to that of the normoxic group. We conclude that sudden cerebral hypoperfusion enhances respiratory suppression, especially when it coincides with hypoxia. The phenomenon may be one of the possible causes for a certain type of sudden infant death syndrome. Further study will be undertaken to elucidate the direct effects of the mechanism of cerebral hypoperfusion on respiratory suppression.
Risk factors for SIDS in Japan: A record‐linkage study based on vital statistics
Authors: FUJITA TOSHIHARU , KATO NORIKO 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis study examines the effect of items as reported on birth certificates on sudden infant death. We linked infant death certificates with birth certificates for the infants born in 1989 to residents of the Tohoku, Tokai and Kyushu regions in Japan (n= 409 679), that is, about one‐third of the infants born in Japan that year.The mortality rate from sudden infant death, including 88 deaths from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and 17 deaths from instantaneous death, was 25.6 per 100 000 live births. Elevated risk of sudden infant death was associated with low birthweight, late birth order, illegitimacy, male gender and young maternal age. These results correspond to previous studies from Western countries, suggesting a similar pattern for SIDS in Japan.
Epidemiology of sudden infant death syndrome in Japan
Authors: WATANABE NOBORU , YOTSUKURA MASAHIRO , KADOI NOBUAKI , YASHIRO KIMIO , SAKANOUE MASAMICHI , NISHIDA HIROSHI 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAn epidemiological survey was carried out to examine the present situation with respect to sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in Kanagawa Prefecture. Questionnaires on sudden unexpected death of infants aged < 1 year in 1990‐91 were sent to the hospitals and clinics in Kanagawa Prefecture which may take care of such infants. By analysing information from 10 485 replies, 48 out of 73 reported sudden infant deaths were confirmed to be SIDS, although autopsy was not performed in 13 cases (27%). The incidence of SIDS per 1000 live births in Kanagawa Prefecture was 0.29 in 1990 and 0.31 in 1991; and if limited to autopsy cases 0.19 and 0.25, respectively. Sudden infant death syndrome cases in Japan were found to occur more frequently when infants were < 6 months old, at home and sleeping alone, but less in the winter and between midnight and early morning. There was little difference between the numbers in prone and supine sleeping positions at discovery. It was not clear whether SIDS occurred more often to babies sleeping prone than supine, because there were no controls matched with the SIDS cases. In future, continuous epidemiological surveys of SIDS in Japan should be carried out.
The role of respiratory syncytial virus in acute bronchiolitis in small children in northern Japan
Authors: SAIJO MASAYUKI , TAKAHASHI SATORU , KOKUBO MASAYO , SAINO TOMOYUKI , ISHII TAKUMA , IN‐YAKU FUMIE , TAKIMOTO MASATOSHI , TAKAHASHI YOUJI 
Published: January 2011

AbstractRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) plays an important role in acute bronchiolitis, which is life threatening in some infants. We investigated the epidemiology of RSV acute bronchiolitis in children less than 3 years old in northern Japan. From April 1991 to March 1993, 162 infants with acute bronchiolitis were hospitalized in our pediatric wards. The diagnosis of RSV acute bronchiolitis was based on the typical clinical manifestations and the presence of RSV antigen in their nasopharyngeal specimens or the rise of the RSV antibody titer. 124 out of 162 patients (76.5%) were diagnosed as having RSV acute bronchiolitis. 43.5% of patients with RSV acute bronchiolitis were 6 months old or less. The epidemic of RSV acute bronchiolitis commenced in October, peaked in December and ended in summer. RSV is quite prevalent in infants with acute bronchiolitis in northern Japan.
Importance of recall and follow‐up screening for chronic hepatitis C in children receiving blood products prior to 1990 in Japan
Authors: MATSUOKA SUGURU , TATARA KATSUYOSHI , USHIROGUCHI YURI , KUBO MASAHIRO , NII MASAKI , TAGUCHI YOSHIYUKI , KURODA YASUHIRO 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe objective was to detect chronic hepatitis C virus infection in recipients of blood products using retrospective analysis by recall and enrollment of recipients. 226 patients who received blood products for open heart surgery from January 1983 to June 1992 were examined for HCV antibody by using a second generation assay and liver function test. 22 (14%) of the 161 patients who received blood products before November 1989 had detectable HCV antibody, but none of the 65 recipients receiving blood products after 1990, the year the Japanese blood bank began to screen for HCV‐antibody. Abnormal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, more than 25 iu/L, during the chronic phase of HCV infection was recognized in nine of 22 (41%) seropositive patients. The liver function test and second generation HCV antibody in the serum are effective markers to screen for chronic hepatitis C in blood product recipients transfused before 1990.
Characterization of renal tubular damage in preterm infants with renal failure
Authors: KOJIMA TAKATSUGU , SASAI‐TAKEDATSU MISA , HIRATA YUKIO , KOBAYASHI YOHNOSUKE 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis study attempts to clarify the characteristics of renal tubular damage in preterm infants with renal failure. Sixty‐one neonates (17 term and 44 preterm infants) were divided into three groups: 15 infants with intrinsic renal failure (IRF), five term and 10 preterm; 19 with pre‐renal renal failure (PRF), five term and 14 preterm; and 27 without renal dysfunction (control), seven term and 20 preterm. Urine was collected for an 8 h period on the 2nd or 3rd day of life to determine the following parameters: creatinine clearance (Ccr), fractional excretion of sodium (FENa), urinary N‐acetyl‐beta‐D‐glucosaminidase (NAG) index and endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) excretion. Parameters of renal tubular function and/or renal tubular damage such as FENa, NAG index and ET‐1 excretion were considered as a useful marker to differentiate IRF from PRF in preterm infants. However, these parameters were significantly elevated in preterm infants with PRF. These findings led us to make the following speculations: (i) renal tubular damage may easily occur in preterm infants; and (ii) there still remains difficulty in differentiation between IRF and PRF using Ccr instead of the fluid challenge test.
Differences of LAK‐activity and IL‐2 responsiveness between α/β and γ/δ T cells which developed after thymus transplantation
Authors: NAGASAWA MASAYUKI , MORIO TOMOHIRO , TAKAGI SHUJI , YATA JUNICHI 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA patient with severe combined immunodeficiency was transplanted with T cell depleted haploidentical bone marrow from his father and was later given a thymic graft from an unrelated donor, α/β and γ/δ T cells of bone marrow donor origin appeared only after the thymus transplantation procedure. Among the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), γ/δ T cells comprised 10–20% and most of them were δTCS1+. The α/β T cells were single positive cells, either CD4+ or CD8+. Expression of CD5, CD7 and CD8α,β molecules on α/β T cells was reduced. Functional studies showed that γ/δ T cells proliferated slightly in response to anti‐CD3 stimulation, and proliferated well with exogenous IL‐2 stimulation, while α/β T cells did not proliferate following mitogenic stimulation even in the presence of IL‐2. γ/δ T cells but not α/β T cells exhibited some LAK activity after culturing with IL‐2. Since α/β T cells expressed IL‐2R α and β chains after mitogenic stimulation and bound IL‐2, the deficit(s) in these cells was considered to occur after IL‐2 binding to the IL‐2R. These results indicate thymic dependency of both types of T cells and that two types of T cells differed in the acquisition of IL‐2 responsiveness during development.
Primary pulmonary choriocarcinoma in a four month old boy complicated with precocious puberty
Authors: OTSUKA TAKAYUKI , OHSHIMA YUKIO , SUNAGA YASUO , NAGASHIMA KANJI 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA four month old boy with pulmonary choriocarcinoma, showing iso‐sexual precocious puberty is reported. His serum human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) was highly elevated. A round isolated tumor in the right lung, found by chest X‐ray, magnetic resonance imaging and gallium scintigraphy, was removed surgically a month and a half after clinical manifestations were noticed. It was determined to be choriocarcinoma on the basis of histological findings and positive HCG on histochemical examination. Skull irradiation and chemotherapy (cisplatinum, vinblastin and bleomycin) had only a transient effect on reducing tumor size and normalizing the serum level of HCG. This case suggests that a more effective treatment regimen needs to be established.
A case of familial thyroxine binding globulin excess associated with growth hormone deficiency
Authors: NAKAI AKIO , SHIGEMATSU YOSUKE , KIKAWA YOSHIHARU , SUDO MASAKATSU 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA 7 years 3 months old Japanese boy with familial thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) excess associated with growth hormone (GH) deficiency is reported. The patients height was 106.4 cm (‐ 2.86 s.d.) and his bone age was 5 years and 3 months. He had no goiter and his developmental milestones were normal. The serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was 2.8 μU/mL, triiodothyronine (T3) 3.1 ng/mL, thyroxine (T4) 23.4 μg/dL and free T4 1.8 ng/dL. The serum TBG level was beyond 80.0 μg/mL, with normal TSH response to the thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH) test. Familial study revealed that his grandmother, mother, uncle, younger sister and younger brother had high TBG and T3 levels, thus an X‐linked co‐dominant transmission was suggested. The peak GH responses to insulin and clonidine hydrochloride were 5.8 and 8.2 ng/mL, respectively. The mean nocturnal GH concentration was 2.5 ng/mL. His growth velocity increased from 4.8 to 8.4 cm/year and his serum TBG levels decreased gradually after human growth hormone (hGH) treatment.
A case of Kabuki make‐up syndrome with central diabetes insipidus and growth hormone neurosecretory dysfunction
Authors: TAWA RITSUKO , KAINO YUKIKAZU , ITO TAKUO , GOTO YOSHINORI , KIDA KAICHI , MATSUDA HIROSHI 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA case of a 6 year old boy with Kabuki make‐up syndrome with central diabetes insipidus and growth hormone neurosecretory dysfunction is reported. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed abnormal findings of the pituitary gland and stalk. Good catch‐up growth was obtained by treatment with growth hormone. These findings suggest that hypothalamic‐pituitary dysfunction might be involved in Kabuki make‐up syndrome.
A case of Fanconi syndrome whose origin was suspected to be cystinosis
Authors: EHARA AKIRA , TAKASE AIKO , TAKETAZU GEN‐YA , ISHIZAKI SHOUICHI , ISHIKAWA AKASHI , FUKUSHIMA NAOKI , WAGATSUMA YOSHINORI 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe report a case of 6 year old girl with Fanconi syndrome the origin of which was suspected to be cystinosis. Pathological findings of a renal biopsy showed needle‐like materials in the epithelial cells but the cystine content of the white blood cells was normal. Although excessive urinary loss of growth hormone was detected, the height and weight of the patient was normal. Urinary loss of growth hormone did not cause growth retardation in this case.
Acute thrombocytopenic purpura associated with primary Epstein‐Barr virus infection
Authors: KANEGANE HIROKAZU , MIYAWAKI TOSHIO , IWAI KAZUYUKI , TSUJI TAKAO , TANIGUCHI NOBORU 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAcute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) often appears to be related to the sensitization by some viral infections. However, the causative viral agents are not identified in most cases. Although the primary infection with Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) occurs during early childhood in Japan, the majority of cases are usually asymptomatic. A minority are associated with acute infectious mononucleosis (IM), which is characterized by fever, tonsillitis, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly and liver dysfunction. In this report, three cases are described of children with EBV‐induced ITP who clinically had atypical findings of IM. Their primary EBV infections were confirmed by serological test and, in addition, were verified by the enhanced expression of activation antigens (HLA‐DR and CD45RO) on T cells as well as the inverted ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ subsets. These observations imply that ITP can occur as one of the host responses during primary EBV infections, irrespective of clinical manifestations. Evaluation of lymphocyte subpopulations may be useful for the assessment of primary EBV infection in ITP.
An early‐onset case of multiple sclerosis with thalamic lesions on MRI
Authors: ASAI KOUICHI , INAGAKI MASUMI , MAEGAKI YOSHIHIRO , YAMAMOTO TOSHIYUKI , SUZAKI ICHIRO , OHTA SHIGERU 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe present here an early‐onset case of multiple sclerosis (MS) with thalamic lesions. The patient first experienced an episode of ataxic gait at 2 years 3 months of age, with spontaneous remission within 1 month. At 5 years 4 months, she was admitted because of cerebellar ataxia, oculomotor restriction and feeding difficulty. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed multiple well‐defined lesions in the white matter of the cerebellum, mid‐brain, periventricle and right frontal lobe. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed a mild elevation of both immunoglobulin G (IgG) and myelin basic protein (MBP). Serum anti‐myelin antibody was also positive, although leukocytosis and elevation of C‐reactive protein were not found. Methylprednisolone pulse therapy relieved symptoms within 2 weeks and the abnormal MRI and CSF findings gradually improved. At 6 years 6 months of age, she incurred a third episode of cerebellar ataxia and disturbance of consciousness. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed recurrence and extension of the previous lesions as well as new lesions in the thalamus and internal capsule. CSF IgG and MBP level showed a higher elevation than in the second episode. The combination of the cerebellar, brain‐stem, cerebral and thalamic lesions with remission and exacerbation, supported by MRI and CSF findings, allowed the diagnosis of clinically definite MS to be made. This is one of the youngest cases of MS yet described, with the first attack occurring at 27 months of age. In addition, this case is unique for the involvement of the gray matter in the thalamus.
Lymphoma syndrome leukemia revealed interesting finding on brain CT and ultrasound scan of abdomen at the initial presentation
Authors: IYORI HIDEAKI , ISHITOYA NAOKO , HASEGAWA NOZOMI , HIROTSU TAKUO , AKATSUKA JUN‐ICHI 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis paper reports on a patient with lymphoma syndrome leukemia (LSL) who showed interesting findings on brain computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound scans of the abdomen at the initial presentation. The patient was a 5 year old girl. When she was admitted to our hospital, there were many lymph nodes palpable. The abdomen was distended and the liver and spleen were palpable below the umbilicus. Hematologic examinations revealed a leukocyte count of 275 800/μL with 98% lymphoblasts. Chest X‐ray film revealed a mediastinal mass. The diagnosis of LSL was made. Her brain CT scan showed a low density area in the right thalamic region without contrast enhancement; infarction was suspected. Furthermore, her abdominal ultrasound scan showed hepatosplenomegaly, kidney swelling with increasing echogenicity and hydronephrosis and stones in the renal pelvis and bladder. These findings are unprecedentedly rare in cases of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), much less in LSL.
Acute heart failure and acute renal failure in Kawasaki disease
Authors: SENZAKI HIDEAKI , SUDA MATSUKO , NOMA SEIJI , KAWAGUCHI HARUO , SAKAKIHARA YOICHI , HISHI TOSHIO 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAcute renal failure and acute heart failure are rare in Kawasaki disease. We experienced two patients with Kawasaki disease who presented acute renal failure and acute heart failure. These two patients gave us an important insight into the understanding of water balance and fluid therapy in Kawasaki disease. One patient showed acute prerenal failure due to fluid exudation from the intravascular to the extravascular space, and subsequent acute heart failure. The other patient showed acute heart failure caused by fluid infusion for the treatment of dehydration. It is suggested that acute renal failure could be caused by a fluid shift from the intravascular to the extravascular space in Kawasaki disease. It is also demonstrated that the reserve of cardiac function could be decreased in patients with Kawasaki disease due to myocarditis even with normal echocardiography and chest X‐rays.
A case of non‐tuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis diagnosed with new skin tests and PCR
Authors: NISHI JUN‐ICHIRO , KANAME TADASHI , YOSHINAGA MASAO , NAGAI TAKU , MURAKAMI NAOKI , KATAOKA NAOKI , MIYATA KOICHIRO 
Published: January 2011

AbstractNon‐tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) cervical lymphadenitis has been rarely reported in Japan. We report on a case of a 15 month old child with NTM cervical lymphadenitis who was diagnosed with new skin tests containing NTM antigens and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. These two diagnostic methods were highly useful in the present case, therefore we anticipate they will become available to other Japanese physicians to expedite the diagnosis of NTM lymphadenitis.
Spinal muscular atrophy in trizygotic triplets
Authors: KOMATSU HIROSHI , TAKEUCHI YOSHIHIRO , MIYANOMAE YURI , YOSHIOKA HIROSHI , DANIELS RACHAEL , DAVIES KAY E. , SAWADA TADASHI 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe clinical, electrophysiological, pathological and genetic findings in trizygotic triplets with spina muscular atrophy (SMA) are reported. The first child was clinically affected shortly after birth and the third one first showed symptoms at 1 month of age. Electromyography and a muscle biopsy provided evidence of lower motor neuron disease. The second child remains clinically normal, but electromyography showed fibrillation potentials and regular spontaneous motor unit activity at rest. Genetic linkage analysis revealed that the two siblings with typical type 1 SMA had the same chromosome 5q haplotype, and that the second child had a different haplotype. It is considered that in this family there is a link to SMA 5q and there is little possibility that the second child is affected. These data emphasize the need to adhere to strict clinical criteria for the diagnosis of chromosome 5q SMA.