bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One‐dimensional phenanthroline‐based covalent organic framework bearing single cobalt atoms for efficient photocatalytic CO2 reduction
Authors: Ai Lv‐Ye , Wang Qian , Chen Xiao‐Wen , Jiang Guo‐Fang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMetalated covalent organic frameworks (COFs) for 2D and 3D topologies are continuously being developed, whereas metalated COFs with 1D topologies are still in their infancy. Here, a novel 1D phenanthroline‐based COF containing 4,4‐(1,10‐phenanthroline‐2,9‐diyl)bis[benzaldehyde] (PBA) is reported (PAD‐COF). Subsequently, a metalated 1D COF, Co SAS/PAD‐COF, is constructed using the bidentate ligand properties of PBA and anchoring the single Co atoms in PAD‐COF through a post‐synthetic modification strategy. This complex significantly improved the photocatalytic performance of PAD‐COF, and the CO yield of the optimized Co SAS/PAD‐COF was stable at 3091 µmol g−1 h−1 with a selectivity of 93%, which is approximately 43.7 times that of the original PAD‐COF. Experimental and theoretical results demonstrate the excellent CO2 photoreduction activity of Co SAS/PAD‐COF owing to the synergistic effect of single Co catalytic sites and PAD‐COF. Among them, PAD‐COF, as the host, adsorbs CO2 molecules and loads single Co atoms. Meanwhile, Co atoms function as catalytic sites and promote the adsorption and activation of CO2, while reducing the reaction energy barrier formed by the *COOH intermediates. Therefore, this unique metalated 1D COF provides a fresh approach to photocatalytic CO2 reduction.
Open‐source stand‐alone version of atmospheric model Aeolus 2.0 software
Authors: Rostami Masoud , Petri Stefan , Guimaräes Sullyandro Oliveira , Fallah Bijan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this discourse, we present the unveiling of an open‐source software package designed to facilitate engagement with the atmospheric model, Aeolus 2.0. This particular iteration stands as a self‐contained model of intermediate complexity. The model's dynamical core is underpinned by a multi‐layer pseudo‐spectral moist‐convective Thermal Rotating Shallow Water (mcTRSW) model. The pseudo‐spectral problem‐solving tasks are handled by the Dedalus algorithm, acknowledged for its spin‐weighted spherical harmonics. The model captures the temporal and spatial evolution of vertically integrated potential temperature, thickness, water vapour, precipitation, and the intricate influence of bottom topography. It comprehensively characterizes velocity fields in both the lower and upper troposphere, employing resolutions spanning a spectrum from the smooth to the coarse, enabling the exploration of a wide range of dynamic phenomena with varying levels of detail and precision.
Contributions of mothers' and fathers' shared book reading with infants at 9 months to language skills at 18 months in ethnically and socioeconomically diverse families
Authors: Chen Yu , Cabrera Natasha , Sudduth Charlotte , Reich Stephanie M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUsing a sample of 286 mothers and fathers from ethnically and socioeconomically diverse backgrounds, we tested the associations between the frequency and quality of parents' shared book reading (SBR) with infants aged 9 months, and language skills of infants aged 18 months, and whether infants' attention during SBR at 9 months mediated these associations. Frequency of SBR was parent‐report and quality of SBR (i.e., number of reading strategies) and infants' attention were coded from recorded SBR interactions at home. The majority of mothers and fathers reported reading to their 9‐month‐olds at least weekly, and mothers reported reading, on average, significantly more often than fathers. There was large variability in parents' SBR quality ranging from 0 to 15 strategies per minute, with labelling being the most common. Path analysis showed that mothers' SBR frequency at 9 months was significantly associated with infants' receptive and expressive language skills at 18 months, whereas, SBR quality by either parent was not significant. Infants' attention did not mediate these associations. These findings suggest that early SBR is beneficial for language development and programmes targeting early language development should encourage both mothers and fathers to read often to their infants during the first year.
What books should we like? A study of gender differences and stereotypes in the reading behaviors of Chinese middle school students
Authors: Xiao Peng , Jin Xiyan , Sun Shaowei , Madden Andrew 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionThis study investigated gender differences in the reading behaviors of Chinese middle school students, and whether gender stereotypes relating to choices of reading matter are supported.MethodsA mixed‐methods approach was adopted. Three thousand nine hundred and fifteen middle school (Grade 7) students completed a questionnaire designed to assess reading behaviors. Independent samplet‐test and chi‐square analyses were employed to examine gender differences in reading behaviors. The qualitative survey was supplemented with an open response survey (94 boys, 50 girls), which provided further insights into individuals' specific experiences and perspectives regarding reading behaviors and gender stereotypes in reading choices.ResultsThis study revealed a number of gender‐linked differences. Boys spent more time reading than girls but read the same number of books; boys were also more likely than girls to read digital texts, while girls were more likely to borrow their reading material. Choice of subject matter also differed: boys were more likely to read factual and action‐based books, while girls' choices focused more on motives and emotions. Another significant difference was that boys paid more attention to the overall experience of reading, while girls paid more attention to the details of reading. Responses to the open response survey indicated that gender stereotypes in reading choices were prevalent among respondents, but some students' reading choices did not align with the stereotype associated with their gender.ConclusionThe mixed‐methods approach proved valuable in both identifying gender differences in reading behaviors, and in highlighting the prevalence of gender stereotypes in reading choices among middle school students.
A brief mindfulness‐based intervention for stress, pain, emotion and attention regulation in military service members with mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: MacNulty William K. , Uomoto Jay M. , Peterson Seattle M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimThe primary aim of this study was to conduct an open pilot clinical trial of a brief mindfulness‐based intervention for persistent postconcussion symptoms that occur after mild traumatic brain injury in military service members. For many service members, operational tempo and other time constraints may prevent them from completing a standard mindfulness‐based stress reduction course. Thus, this study sought to examine the effectiveness of a five‐session intervention called mindfulness‐based stress, pain, emotion, and attention regulation (MSPEAR).MethodsParticipants were active duty service members with a history of mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) and persisting postconcussion symptoms, all of whom were recruited from an outpatient TBI rehabilitation program at a military treatment facility. Of the 38 service members that were initially enrolled, 25 completed the 5‐session MSPEAR intervention, and 20 returned for a 5‐week follow‐up evaluation. Questionnaires assessing perceived stress, positive affect, pain interference and catastrophizing, sleep disturbances, perceived behavioral and attention regulation, self‐efficacy and satisfaction with life were administered at preintervention, postintervention, and at 5‐week follow‐up intervals. Neuropsychological testing at preintervention and 5‐week follow‐up included performance validity measures, attention, working memory, and executive function measures. T‐tests were run to compare for questionnaire measures at preintervention (Time 1) to postintervention (Time 2). Repeated analysis of variances were conducted to compare questionnaire and neuropsychological measures at Time 1, Time 2, and at Time 3 which is the 5‐week follow‐up.ResultsImprovements in perceived stress, positive affect, behavioral regulation, metacognition, sleep disturbance, self‐efficacy, and satisfaction with life were found immediately after the MSPEAR intervention and were maintained at the 5‐week follow‐up. Magnification and helplessness aspects of pain catastrophizing improved when comparing preintervention to the 5‐week follow‐up. Pain interference was not significantly different across study assessment times. Neuropsychological testing revealed improvements in sustained attention, working memory, cognitive flexibility, and inhibitory control when comparing preintervention to the 5‐week follow‐up assessment.ConclusionsThe MSPEAR intervention appears to show promise as a brief and effective therapy for specific postconcussion symptoms after mild traumatic brain injury in military service members. Each of the components of MSPEAR including stress, pain catastrophizing, emotion and attention regulation showed improvements in this study, and bears further investigation in a larger scale, preferably randomized controlled trial in those active duty military service members who experience persisting symptoms after a mild traumatic brain injury.
Aplacophoran traits in the late Ordovician septemchitonid polyplacophorans
Authors: Dzik Jerzy 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA sample of phosphatized, originally calcareous, mollusk shells from the Katian age uppermost Mójcza Limestone at its type locality yielded a few hundred polyplacophoran plates. The chelodids are very rare among them. Three septemchitonid species dominate. They represent a gradation from underived steep roof‐like plates to almost cylindrical ones, leaving only a narrow ventral slit for the foot. Apparently, this represents the first step toward the extremely derived ‘segmented clam’ Bauplan of the Silurian Carnicoleus, with plates completely closed at the venter except for the mouth and anal openings. To enable growth, the plates became thinner and more flexible (or perhaps resorbed) along the dorsum. The tendency toward reduction of the ventral gap of the plates in the early Paleozoic septemchitonid polyplacophorans implies their lack of ability to cling to the substrate with a muscular foot. In compensation, their plates changed toward a more efficient protective function, covering the animal body sides more and more completely. This may explain the origin of the ventral furrow of extant solenogasters hiding the rudimentary foot. An opposite route was chosen by the coeval Acaenoplax lineage, in which the plates did not contact each other, exposing much of the soft body on the dorsum. In both cases the animals appeared to be worm‐like, perhaps representing different ways of evolution from the Paleozoic chitons to the extant aplacophorans.
Bioprospecting of endophytic fungi from semidesert candelilla (Euphorbia antisyphiliticaZucc): Potential for extracellular enzyme production
Authors: Núñez‐García Itzel C. , Martínez‐Ávila Guillermo Cristian G. , González‐Herrera Silvia M. , Tafolla‐Arellano Julio C. , Rutiaga‐Quiñones O. Miriam 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEndophytic microbial communities colonize plants growing under various abiotic stress conditions. Candelilla (Euphorbia antisyphiliticaZucc.) is a shrub that develops functionally in arid and semi‐arid zones of Mexico; these conditions generate an association between the plant and the microorganisms, contributing to the production of enzymes as a defense mechanism for resistance to abiotic stress. The objective of this research was to isolate and identify endophyte fungi of candelilla and bioprospection of these endophytic fungi for enzyme production using candelilla by‐products. Fungi were isolated and identified using ITS1/ITS4 sequencing. Their potency index (PI) was evaluated in producing endoglucanase, xylanase, amylase, and laccase. Fermentation was carried out at 30°C for 8 days at 200 rpm, with measurements every 2 days, using candelilla by‐products as substrate. All fungi exhibited higher cellulase, amylase, and laccase activities on the 2nd, 6th, and 8th day of fermentation, respectively, of fermentation. The fungusAspergillus nigerITD‐IN4.1 showed the highest amylase activity (246.84 U/mg), the genusNeurosporashowed the highest cellulase activity, reaching up to 13.45 FPU/mg, and the strainNeurosporasp. ITD‐IN5.2 showed the highest laccase activity (3.46 U/mg). This work provides the first report on the endophytic diversity ofE. antisyphiliticaand its potential role in enzyme production.
Signal‐to‐noise ratio versus field strength for small surface coils
Authors: Pohmann Rolf , Avdievich Nikolai I. , Scheffler Klaus 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe increasing signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) is the main reason to use ultrahigh field MRI. Here, we investigate the dependence of the SNR on the magnetic field strength, especially for small animal applications, where small surface coils are used and coil noise cannot be ignored. Measurements were performed at five field strengths from 3 to 14.1 T, using 2.2‐cm surface coils with an identical coil design for transmit and receive on two water samples with and without salt. SNR was measured in a series of spoiled gradient echo images with varying flip angle and corrected for saturation based on a series of flip angle and T1 measurements. Furthermore, the noise figure of the receive chain was determined and eliminated to remove instrument dependence. Finally, the coil sensitivity was determined based on the principle of reciprocity to obtain a measure for ultimate SNR. Before coil sensitivity correction, the SNR increase in nonconductive samples is highly supralinear with B01.6–2.7, depending on distance to the coil, while in the conductive sample, the growth is smaller, being around linear close to the surface coil and increasing up to a B02.0 dependence when moving away from the coil. After sensitivity correction, the SNR increase is independent of loading with B02.1. This study confirms the supralinear increase of SNR with increasing field strengths. Compared with most human measurements with larger coil sizes, smaller surface coils, as mainly used in animal studies, have a higher contribution of coil noise and thus a different behavior of SNR at high fields.
Association of Safety‐Net Hospital Status With Outcomes Following Head and Neck Cancer Operations
Authors: Madrigal Josef , Mukdad Laith , Verma Arjun , Benharash Peyman , St. John Maie A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo assess perioperative and readmission outcomes of patients undergoing head and neck cancer (HNCA) surgery at safety‐net hospitals (SNHs) in a modern cohort.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingNationwide Readmissions Database (NRD), 2010 to 2019.MethodsAll elective adult (≥18 years) admissions involving HNCA resection were identified from the NRD. To calculate safety‐net burden, the proportion of Medicaid or uninsured patients admitted to each hospital for any indication was tabulated annually, with centers in the highest quartile defined as SNHs. To perform risk adjustment in assessing perioperative and readmission outcomes, multivariable regression models were developed.ResultsOf an estimated 133,018 head and neck surgical patients, 26.5% (n = 35,268) received treatment at a SNH. Utilization of SNHs increased over the decade‐long study period, with 29.8% of individuals treated at these sites in 2019. After multivariable adjustment, several patient factors were noted to be associated with SNHs, including younger age, lower comorbidity burden, and income within the lowest quartile. Although incidence of adverse events decreased at both SNHs and non‐SNHs during the study period, treatment at SNHs remained associated with these events after risk adjustment (adjusted odds ratio: 1.17, 95% confidence interval: 1.08‐1.28, P < .001).ConclusionSNHs continue to provide valuable specialty care to underserved populations, often with limited financial resources. Despite promising results from prior decades demonstrating comparable perioperative outcomes, the present study noted increased adverse events following HNCA surgery at these sites. Such findings underscore the need for continued advocacy to secure necessary funding for these centers.
Polyvinyl Chloride‐Based Luminescent Downshifting Film with High Flame Retardancy and Excellent UV Resistance for Silicon Solar Cells
Authors: Qiu Shuang , Sun Jun , Gu Xiaoyu , Li Hongfei , Wang Haiqiao , Zhang Sheng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSolar power generation, as a clean energy source, has significant potential for development. This work reports the recent efforts to address the challenge of low power conversion efficiency in photovoltaic devices by proposing the fabrication of a luminescence downshifting layer using polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with added fluorescent dots to enhance light utilization. A photoluminescent microsphere (HCPAM) is synthesized by cross‐linking hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene, 2‐iminobenzimidazoline, and polyethyleneimine. Low addition of HCPAM can improve the fire safety of PVC films, raising the limiting oxygen index of PVC to 32.4% and reducing the total heat release and smoke production rate values by 14.5% and 42.9%, respectively. Additionally, modified PVC film remains a transparency of 88% and shows down‐conversion light properties. When the PVC+1%HCPAM film is applied to the solar cell, the short‐circuit current density increases from 42.3 to 43.8 mA cm−2, resulting in a 7.0% enhancement in power conversion efficiency. HCPAM also effectively delays the photooxidative aging of PVC, particularly at a 3% content, maintaining the surface morphology and optical properties of PVC samples during ultraviolet aging. This study offers an innovative strategy to enhance the fire and UV‐resistant performance of PVC films and expand their applications in protecting and efficiently utilizing photovoltaic devices.
Blameworthiness and Causal Outcomes
Authors: Talbert Matthew 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIt is widely held that whether a person is morally responsible for an outcome partly depends on whether certain causal relations obtain between that person and the outcome. This paper argues that, regardless of whether the preceding claim about moral responsibility is true, moral blameworthiness is independent of such causal considerations. This conclusion is motivated by considering cases from Carolina Sartorio and Sara Bernstein. The causal structures of these cases are complex. Sartorio and Bernstein believe that reaching conclusions about moral responsibility and blameworthiness requires wading through this complexity. But it is argued here that getting clear on these causal structures does not help us assess blameworthiness (regardless of the relevance of such considerations for drawing conclusions about moral responsibility). Moral blameworthiness simply does not turn on the considerations relevant to figuring out whether an agent causally contributed to an outcome.
Comparative characterisation of extracellular vesicles from canine and human plasma: a necessary step in biomarker discovery
Authors: Bollard Stephanie Marie , Howard J. , Casalou C. , Mooney L. , Peters S. , Sweeney C. , Ajaykumar A. , Triana K. , McCann A. , Kelly P. A. , Potter S. M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractExtracellular Vesicles (EV) have become an interesting focus as novel biomarkers of disease and are increasingly reported upon in humans and other species. The Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018) guidelines were published to improve rigor and standardisation within the EV field and provide a framework for the reliable isolation and characterisation of EV populations. However, this rigor and standardisation has been challenging in the area of comparative medicine. Herein we present the successful isolation of EVs from human and canine plasma using Size Exclusion Chromatography and characterise these EVs according to best international practice. This study provides evidence for the reliable comparison of human and canine EVs isolated by this approach, and a baseline description of the EVs from healthy dogs to inform future biomarker studies. This work also demonstrates that the MISEV2018 guidelines can be successfully applied to EVs isolated from canine plasma.
Eco-friendly building materials: full-scale replacement of mineral aggregates with rice husk
Authors: Chabi Edem , Doko Valéry Kouandété , Adjovi Edmond Codjo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn a context where sustainable construction and ecology are increasingly central, the construction industry is constantly seeking alternative materials that are both economical and eco-friendly. Concurrently, global rice production generates significant amounts of rice husks, often considered as low-value waste. This study deviates from traditional approaches that favor the use of rice husk ash (RHA) as a mineral additive, to explore the potential of rice husks themselves as a complete substitute for sand in concrete formulations. After meticulous characterization of the physicochemical properties of rice husks, several concrete formulations were designed and subjected to a battery of tests. The results are promising. They show that concrete based on rice husks exhibits satisfactory mechanical properties for a wide range of applications, from slabs to load-bearing walls. The compressive strength varies between 0.56 MPa and 5.41 MPa depending on the composition, while the thermal conductivity falls within a range of 0.070 W m−1 K−1 to 0.129 W m−1 K−1, which is comparable to other agro-concretes. This research highlights the promising potential of rice husks as a sand substitute material in concrete. It thus paves the way for more ecologically responsible and economically viable construction alternatives, while proposing a value-added solution for a widely available agricultural byproduct.
Fusion of deterministically generated photonic graph states
Authors: Thomas Philip , Ruscio Leonardo , Morin Olivier , Rempe Gerhard 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEntanglement has evolved from an enigmatic concept of quantum physics to a key ingredient of quantum technology. It explains correlations between measurement outcomes that contradict classical physics and has been widely explored with small sets of individual qubits. Multi-partite entangled states build up in gate-based quantum-computing protocols and—from a broader perspective—were proposed as the main resource for measurement-based quantum-information processing1,2. The latter requires the ex-ante generation of a multi-qubit entangled state described by a graph3–6. Small graph states such as Bell or linear cluster states have been produced with photons7–16, but the proposed quantum-computing and quantum-networking applications require fusion of such states into larger and more powerful states in a programmable fashion17–21. Here we achieve this goal by using an optical resonator22containing two individually addressable atoms23,24. Ring25and tree26graph states with up to eight qubits, with the names reflecting the entanglement topology, are efficiently fused from the photonic states emitted by the individual atoms. The fusion process itself uses a cavity-assisted gate between the two atoms. Our technique is, in principle, scalable to even larger numbers of qubits and is the decisive step towards, for instance, a memory-less quantum repeater in a future quantum internet27–29.