bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological Surveillance Linked to an Outreach Psychological Support Program after the Xynthia Storm in Charente-Maritime, France, 2010
Authors: Raguenaud Marie-Eve , Germonneau Philippe , Leseigneur Jackie , Chavagnat Jean-Jacques , Motreff Yvon , Vivier-Darrigol Martine , Pirard Philippe 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIntroductionFollowing the Xynthia storm of February 2010 in France, an outreach program was initiated by the regional health authorities during the post-emergency phase to improve access to mental health care for the population exposed to the floods. The program was designed to complement routine health and social care services. It relied on a special telephone service and outreach consultations located in the town halls of the five most affected cities. The objective of this outreach service was to provide initial psychological counseling free of charge and without appointment. Another objective was to refer persons for appropriate treatment and follow-up by routine health care services. A surveillance program was developed to monitor the use of mental health services by first-time users, describe outreach service users with psychological manifestations, and provide timely information to decision makers.MethodsHealth providers working in affected towns were asked to complete an individual record sheet for each person who displayed psychological manifestations directly or indirectly linked with the storm on their first visit, and to send it to the regional health office. Participation was voluntary. Data analysis was performed monthly during the six-month surveillance period.ResultsOnly mental health providers participated in the surveillance. A total of 227 individual files were sent from April 7 through September 19, 2010. New cases were mainly female adults, and one fifth had a past history of psychiatric illness. Depressive signs and anxiety were the most commonly reported symptoms, followed by signs of post-traumatic stress disorder. A total of five feedback reports were produced for surveillance participants (informants) and authorities.ConclusionWith initiation in the post-emergency phase of a disaster and timely regular feedback, the surveillance program enabled the authors to describe the occurrence of psychological distress, monitor mental health service use by first-time users, and provide guidance to health authorities. This research showed the advantages of integrating epidemiology in the development of strategy for mental health and psychosocial support in the aftermath of natural catastrophes.RaguenaudM-E, GermonneauP, LeseigneurJ, ChavagnatJJ, MotreffY, Vivier-DarrigolM, PirardP. Epidemiological surveillance linked to an outreach psychological support program after the Xynthia storm in Charente-Maritime, France, 2010. Prehosp Disaster Med.2012;27(5):1-6.
Longitudinal Volumetric Changes following Traumatic Brain Injury: A Tensor-Based Morphometry Study
Authors: Farbota Kimberly D.M. , Sodhi Aparna , Bendlin Barbara B. , McLaren Donald G. , Xu Guofan , Rowley Howard A. , Johnson Sterling C. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAfter traumatic injury, the brain undergoes a prolonged period of degenerative change that is paradoxically accompanied by cognitive recovery. The spatiotemporal pattern of atrophy and the specific relationships of atrophy to cognitive changes are ill understood. The present study used tensor-based morphometry and neuropsychological testing to examine brain volume loss in 17 traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients and 13 controls over a 4-year period. Patients were scanned at 2 months, 1 year, and 4 years post-injury. High-dimensional warping procedures were used to create change maps of each subject's brain for each of the two intervals. TBI patients experienced volume loss in both cortical areas and white matter regions during the first interval. We also observed continuing volume loss in extensive regions of white matter during the second interval. Neuropsychological correlations indicated that cognitive tasks were associated with subsequent volume loss in task-relevant regions. The extensive volume loss in brain white matter observed well beyond the first year post-injury suggests that the injured brain remains malleable for an extended period, and the neuropsychological relationships suggest that this volume loss may be associated with subtle cognitive improvements. (JINS, 2012,18, 1–13)
An experimental evaluation of the use of C3δ13C plant tissue as a proxy for the paleoatmospheric δ13CO2 signature of air
Authors: Lomax B. H. , Knight C. A. , Lake J. A. 
Published: August 2012

Previous work suggests that the relationship between the carbon isotope composition of air (δ13Ca) and plant leaf tissue (δ13Cp) can be used to track changes in the carbon isotope composition of paleo‐atmospheric CO2. Here we test this assertion in a series of experiments using the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana grown under a range of atmospheric CO2 concentrations relevant to geologic time (380, 760, 1000, 1500, 2000 and 3000 ppm). Nested within these CO2 experiments water availability was controlled (giving two sets of experimental plants; low and high water treatment at each CO2 concentration) to manipulate stomatal opening, a key process governing carbon fixation and isotope discrimination. Results show a highly significant relationship between δ13Ca and δ13Cp under both experimental water treatments. To test the utility of δ13Cp to predict δ13Ca we compare calculated δ13Ca to measured values of δ13Ca. These data show that although there is a significant relationship between calculated and measured δ13Ca, there is disparity between the two values of δ13Ca and a large difference between calculated values under different water treatments even when grown in a common CO2 concentration. These results demonstrate that environmental factors that alter stomatal opening can severely impact on the use and reliability of δ13Cp to predict δ13Ca and as such, results should be interpreted with caution.
Enceladus' extreme heat flux as revealed by its relaxed craters
Authors: Bland Michael T. , Singer Kelsi N. , McKinnon William B. , Schenk Paul M. 
Published: August 2012

Enceladus' cratered terrains contain large numbers of unusually shallow craters consistent with deformation by viscous relaxation of water ice under conditions of elevated heat flow. Here we use high‐resolution topography to measure the relaxation fraction of craters on Enceladus far from the active South Pole. We find that many craters are shallower than expected, with craters as small as 2 km in diameter having relaxation fractions in excess of 90%. These measurements are compared with numerical simulations of crater relaxation to constrain the minimum heat flux required to reproduce these observations. We find that Enceladus' nominal cold surface temperature (70 K) and low surface gravity strongly inhibit viscous relaxation. Under such conditions less than 3% relaxation occurs over 2 Ga even for relatively large craters (diameter 24 km) and high, constant heat fluxes (150 mW m−2). Greater viscous relaxation occurs if the effective temperature at the top of the lithosphere is greater than the surface temperature due to insulating regolith and/or plume material. Even for an effective temperature of 120 K, however, heat fluxes in excess of 150 mW m−2are required to produce the degree of relaxation observed. Simulations of viscous relaxation of Enceladus' largest craters suggest that relaxation is best explained by a relatively short‐lived period of intense heating that decayed quickly. We show that infilling of craters by plume material cannot explain the extremely shallow craters at equatorial and higher northern latitudes. Thus, like Enceladus' tectonic terrains, the cratered regions of Enceladus have experienced periods of extreme heat flux.
Ocean heat uptake and its consequences for the magnitude of sea level rise and climate change
Authors: Kuhlbrodt T. , Gregory J. M. 
Published: August 2012

Under increasing greenhouse gas concentrations, ocean heat uptake moderates the rate of climate change, and thermal expansion makes a substantial contribution to sea level rise. In this paper we quantify the differences in projections among atmosphere‐ocean general circulation models of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project in terms of transient climate response, ocean heat uptake efficiency and expansion efficiency of heat. The CMIP3 and CMIP5 ensembles have statistically indistinguishable distributions in these parameters. The ocean heat uptake efficiency varies by a factor of two across the models, explaining about 50% of the spread in ocean heat uptake in CMIP5 models with CO2increasing at 1%/year. It correlates with the ocean global‐mean vertical profiles both of temperature and of temperature change, and comparison with observations suggests the models may overestimate ocean heat uptake and underestimate surface warming, because their stratification is too weak. The models agree on the location of maxima of shallow ocean heat uptake (above 700 m) in the Southern Ocean and the North Atlantic, and on deep ocean heat uptake (below 2000 m) in areas of the Southern Ocean, in some places amounting to 40% of the top‐to‐bottom integral in the CMIP3 SRES A1B scenario. The Southern Ocean dominates global ocean heat uptake; consequently the eddy‐induced thickness diffusivity parameter, which is particularly influential in the Southern Ocean, correlates with the ocean heat uptake efficiency. The thermal expansion produced by ocean heat uptake is 0.12 m YJ−1, with an uncertainty of about 10% (1 YJ = 1024 J).
A real‐time forecast service for the ionospheric equatorial zonal electric field
Authors: Manoj C. , Maus S. 
Published: August 2012

The zonal electric field is the primary driver of two important features of the equatorial ionosphere: (1)The Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA), and (2) plasma density irregularities, also known as spread‐F. During propagation through the ionosphere, communication and navigation radio signals are attenuated, delayed and scattered by these ionospheric features. Prediction of the zonal electric field is therefore a key to the real‐time specification of the ionosphere. We divide the zonal electric field into a climatological contribution plus the prompt‐penetration contribution predicted by a transfer‐function model applied to the interplanetary electric field measured by the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) satellite. The zonal electric field is predicted about one hour in advance, covering all local times and longitudes. The real‐time prediction is available as a Google application at http://www.geomag.us/models/PPEFM/RealtimeEF.html. The benefit of this application to space weather forecasting is twofold: As the driver of the equatorial plasma fountain, the predicted zonal electric field is a leading indicator by 2–3 h of the EIA and the Total Electron Content (TEC) of the equatorial ionosphere. Second, rapid uplift of the ionosphere by strong eastward electric field is known to induce spread‐F. Prediction of enhanced prompt penetration electric field in the eastward direction therefore enables the forecast of radio communication and navigation outages in the equatorial region.
First Confirmed Report of Tobacco ringspot virus in Cucurbits Crops in Oklahoma
Authors: Abdalla O. A. , Bruton B. D. , Fish W. W. , Ali A. 
Published: August 2012

Cucurbits are major cash crops of vegetable growers in Oklahoma, particularly watermelon, which is the official state vegetable. In 2010, during a survey for cucurbit viruses (1), symptomatic leaf samples of cucumber (Cucumis sativus), cantaloupe (Cucumis melo), pumpkin, (Cucurbita pepo), squash (Cucumis maxima), and watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) showing mild to severe mosaic, mottling, and chlorotic spots were collected in Atoka, Blaine, Jefferson, and Tulsa counties. A total of 161 samples were tested by dot-immunobinding assay (DIBA) (2) using Tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV; genus Nepovirus, family Comoviridae) specific antiserum. Fourteen samples of cantaloupe, pumpkin, and watermelon from Blaine, Jefferson, and Tulsa counties were positive serologically to TRSV. At least one to two samples from each representative cucurbit collected in the field above were used as a source for mechanical inoculation. Sap was extracted from symptomatic leaves using 0.1 M K2HPO4 buffer (pH 7.2) and rub-inoculated to two squash (cv Elite) seedlings at cotyledonary stage pre-dusted with Carborundum. Seven to 10 days post-inoculation, all inoculated plants produced typical TRSV symptoms including chlorotic spots, systemic ringspot, severe leaf deformation, mottling, and stunting. Sap and total RNA was extracted from 10 mechanically inoculated squash seedlings and tested by DIBA and reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using specific TRSV primers (F: 5′-TACAGTGAGGATGCATG-3′ and R: 5′-AGTAGCTGCGACAAGCCA-3′). All of the tested samples were positive by DIBA except the negative control. Similarly, all samples from mechanically inoculated plants were also positive by PCR showing the expected 1,039-bp PCR product when analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Total RNA obtained from mock-inoculated squash seedlings used as a control was negative by PCR. Amplified PCR product (1,039 bp) was directly sequenced from three infected squash seedlings. Sequence analysis confirmed that the virus shared 90 to 92% nucleotide and 94% amino acid identities with RNA2 of TRSV isolate from the U.S. (Accession No AY363727) available in the GenBank database. Total RNA extracted from original tissues of 14 DIBA positive samples collected from field were also positive by RT-PCR. The presence of TRSV could pose a serious threat to many vegetable crops, particularly cucurbits and other agricultural crops, due to its wide host range (3). This report confirms the suspected occurrence of TRSV in 1956 from watermelon in Oklahoma (4). References: (1) Ali et al. Plant Dis. 96:243, 2012 (2) A. Ali and J. W. Randles. Plant Dis. 81:343, 1997 (3) M. J. Adams and J. F. Antoniw. Outlooks Pest Manage. 16:268, 2005 (4) R. J. Shephered and F. B. Struble. Phytopathology 46:358, 1956.
Unanticipated Difficult Airway in Obstetric Patients
Authors: Balki Mrinalini , Cooke Mary Ellen , Dunington Susan , Salman Aliya , Goldszmidt Eric 
Published: August 2012

Background
The objective of this study was to develop a consensus-based algorithm for the management of the unanticipated difficult airway in obstetrics, and to use this algorithm for the assessment of anesthesia residents' performance during high-fidelity simulation.

Methods
An algorithm for unanticipated difficult airway in obstetrics, outlining the management of six generic clinical situations of "can and cannot ventilate" possibilities in three clinical contexts: elective cesarean section, emergency cesarean section for fetal distress, and emergency cesarean section for maternal distress, was used to create a critical skills checklist. The authors used four of these scenarios for high-fidelity simulation for residents. Their critical and crisis resource management skills were assessed independently by three raters using their checklist and the Ottawa Global rating scale.

Results
Sixteen residents participated. The checklist scores ranged from 64-80% and improved from scenario 1 to 4. Overall Global rating scale scores were marginal and not significantly different between scenarios. The intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.69 (95% CI: 0.58, 0.78) represents a good interrater reliability for the checklist. Multiple critical errors were identified, the most common being not calling for help or a difficult airway cart.

Conclusions
Aside from identifying common critical errors, the authors noted that the residents' performance was poorest in two of our scenarios: "fetal distress and cannot intubate, cannot ventilate" and "maternal distress and cannot intubate, but can ventilate." More teaching emphasis may be warranted to avoid commonly identified critical errors and to improve overall management. Our study also suggests a potential for experiential learning with successive simulations.
A Perioperative Smoking Cessation Intervention with Varenicline
Authors: Wong Jean , Abrishami Amir , Yang Yiliang , Zaki Amna , Friedman Zeev , Selby Peter , Chapman Kenneth R. , Chung Frances 
Published: August 2012

Background
The efficacy of perioperative tobacco interventions on long-term abstinence and the safety of smoking cessation less than 4 weeks before surgery is unclear. Our objective was to determine the efficacy and safety of a perioperative smoking cessation intervention with varenicline to reduce smoking in elective surgical patients.

Methods
In a prospective, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 286 patients were randomized to receive varenicline or placebo. Both groups received in-hospital and telephone counseling during 12 months. The primary outcome was the 7-day point prevalence abstinence rate 12 months after surgery. Secondary outcomes included abstinence at 3 and 6 months after surgery. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent variables related to abstinence.

Results
The 7-day point prevalence abstinence at 12 months for varenicline versus placebo was 36.4% versus 25.2% (relative risk: 1.45; 95%: CI: 1.01-2.07; P = 0.04). At 3 and 6 months, the 7-day point prevalence abstinence was 43.7% versus 31.9% (relative risk: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.86; P = 0.04), and 35.8% versus 25.9% (relative risk: 1.43; 95%: CI 1.01-2.04; P = 0.04) for varenicline versus placebo, respectively. Treatment with varenicline (odds ratio: 1.76; 95% CI: 1.03-3.01; P = 0.04), and preoperative nicotine dependence (odds ratio: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.68 to 0.98; P = 0.03) predicted abstinence at 12 months. The adverse events profile in both groups was similar except for nausea, which occurred more frequently for varenicline versus placebo (13.3% vs. 3.7%, P = 0.004).

Conclusions
A perioperative smoking cessation intervention with varenicline increased abstinence from smoking 3, 6, and 12 months after elective noncardiac surgery with no increase in serious adverse events.
Effect of Subanesthetic Ketamine on Intrinsic Functional Brain Connectivity
Authors: Niesters Marieke , Khalili-Mahani Najmeh , Martini Christian , Aarts Leon , van Gerven Joop , van Buchem Mark A. , Dahan Albert , Rombouts Serge 
Published: August 2012

Background
The influence of psychoactive drugs on the central nervous system has been investigated with positron emission tomography and task-related functional magnetic resonance imaging. However, it is not known how these drugs affect the intrinsic large-scale interactions of the brain (resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging connectivity). In this study, the effect of low-dose S(+)-ketamine on intrinsic brain connectivity was investigated.

Methods
Twelve healthy, male volunteers received a 2-h intravenous S(+)-ketamine infusion (first hour 20 mg/70 kg, second hour 40 mg/70 kg). Before, during, and after S(+)-ketamine administration, resting-state brain connectivity was measured. In addition, heat pain tests were performed between imaging sessions to determine ketamine-induced analgesia. A mixed-effects general linear model was used to determine drug and pain effects on resting-state brain connectivity.

Results
Ketamine increased the connectivity most importantly in the cerebellum and visual cortex in relation to the medial visual network. A decrease in connectivity was observed in the auditory and somatosensory network in relation to regions responsible for pain sensing and the affective processing of pain, which included the amygdala, insula, and anterior cingulate cortex. Connectivity variations related to fluctuations in pain scores were observed in the anterior cingulate cortex, insula, orbitofrontal cortex, and the brainstem, regions involved in descending inhibition of pain.

Conclusions
Changes in connectivity were observed in the areas that explain ketamine's pharmacodynamic profile with respect to analgesia and psychedelic and other side effects. In addition, pain and ketamine changed brain connectivity in areas involved in endogenous pain modulation.
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Panidis Dimitrios , Macut Djuro , Tziomalos Konstantinos , Papadakis Efstathios , Mikhailidis Konstantinos , Kandaraki Eleni A. , Tsourdi Elena A. , Tantanasis Theoharis , Mavromatidis George , Katsikis Ilias 
Published: August 2012

SummaryObjectiveThe polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) are common disorders that share many characteristics, particularly abdominal obesity and insulin resistance. Our objective was to compare the prevalence of MetS between a large cohort of patients with PCOS and body mass index ‐matched controls.DesignCross‐sectional study.PatientsWe studied 1223 patients with PCOS and 277 healthy women. Diagnosis of PCOS was based on the revised Rotterdam criteria. Women with PCOS were divided into those who fulfilled both the Rotterdam criteria and the diagnostic criteria of the 1990 National Institutes of Health definition of PCOS (group 1, n = 905) and into those with the additional phenotypes introduced by the Rotterdam criteria (group 2, n = 318). Diagnosis of MetS was based on four different definitions.MeasurementsAnthropometric, metabolic, hormonal and ultrasonographic features of PCOS.ResultsThe prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) was higher in women with PCOS than in controls when the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III definition of MetS was applied (15·8% and 10·1%, respectively; P = 0·021) but not with the three more recent MetS definitions. The prevalence of MetS was higher in group 1 than in controls regardless of the applied MetS definition. In contrast, the prevalence of MetS was similar in group 2 and in controls regardless of the applied MetS definition. In logistic regression analysis, PCOS did not predict the presence of MetS.ConclusionsPolycystic ovary syndrome per se does not appear to increase the risk of MetS independent of abdominal obesity.
The effect of a cervical collar on the seal pressure of the LMA Supreme™: a prospective, crossover trial
Authors: Mann V. , Spitzner T. , Schwandner T. , Mann S. T. W. , Müller M. , Ahlbrandt J. , Weigand M. A. , Röhrig R. 
Published: August 2012

SummaryFor personnel inexperienced in airway management, supraglottic airway devices may be the first choice in an emergency. Changing head position is known to reduce the seal pressure of a laryngeal mask airway. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the use of a cervical collar improves the stability of airways secured with the LMA Supreme™ (The Laryngeal Mask Company Limited, Mahé, Seychelles). In this crossover trial, the primary endpoint was the difference in the seal pressure of the LMA Supreme in anaesthetised patients in maximum passive extension of the neck, with and without a cervical collar. The median (IQR [range]) seal pressure was 18 (13.8–22.1 [0–30]) cmH2O in maximum passive extension without a cervical collar. With a cervical collar in place, the seal pressure increased to 28 (22.8–30 [17–30]) cmH2O (p < 0.001). In the neutral head position, the seal pressure was 22 (17.6–24.5 [12–30]) cmH2O without and 27 (22–30 [12–30]) cmH2O with a cervical collar in place (p < 0.001). We found that a cervical collar stabilises the airway with an LMA Supreme in place and we recommend this combination for (pre‐hospital) emergency cases.