bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sarcomere length fluctuations and flow in capillary endothelial cells
Authors: Russell Robert J. , Grubbs Alexandria Y. , Mangroo Sunil P. , Nakasone Sandra E. , Dickinson Richard B. , Lele Tanmay P. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractTensile force within non‐muscle tissue cells is generated in actomyosin stress fibers, which are composed of contractile units called sarcomeres. The number of sarcomeres and sarcomere lengths dynamically change in the cell but the mechanisms by which these processes occur are not understood. Using live cell imaging of labeled sarcomeres, we show that sarcomere lengths continually fluctuate, with a fluctuation relaxation time of about 20 min. New sarcomeres are formed at focal adhesions and are convected into the fiber at a speed that is independent of focal adhesion size, suggesting that the speed is independent of tension. Furthermore sarcomeres were observed to disappear at specific points or “sinks” along the stress fibers. These results show that stress fibers are highly dynamic structures despite their relatively static morphology, with nascent sarcomeres forming and being incorporated into the fiber at a nearly uniform, tension‐independent velocity throughout the cell. The fluctuating length of individual sarcomeres under constant tension is consistent with a model whereby sarcomere contraction/expansion speed, rather than sarcomere length, is modulated by tension. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Geographic variation of racial/ethnic disparities in colorectal cancer testing among medicare enrollees
Authors: Semrad Thomas J. , Tancredi Daniel J. , Baldwin Laura‐Mae , Green Pamela , Fenton Joshua J. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:The Medicare population has documented racial/ethnic disparities in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, but it is unknown whether these disparities differ across geographic regions.METHODS:Among Medicare enrollees within 8 US states, we ascertained up‐to‐date CRC screening on December 31, 2003 (fecal occult blood testing in the prior year or sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy in the prior 5 years). Logistic regression models tested for regional variation in up‐to‐date status among white versus different nonwhite populations (blacks, Asian/Pacific Islanders [APIs], Hispanics). We estimated regression‐adjusted region‐specific prevalence of up‐to‐date status by race/ethnicity and compared adjusted white versus nonwhite up‐to‐date prevalence across regions by using generalized least squares regression.RESULTS:White versus nonwhite up‐to‐date status varied significantly across regions for blacks (P = .01) and APIs (P < .001) but not Hispanics (P = .62). Whereas the white versus black differences in proportion up‐to‐date were greatest in Atlanta (Georgia), rural Georgia, and the San Francisco Bay Area of California (range, 10%‐16% differences, blacks<whites); there were no significant white versus black differences in Connecticut, Seattle (Washington) or Iowa. Whereas APIs had significantly lower up‐to‐date prevalence than whites in Michigan and the California regions of San Francisco, Los Angeles, and San Jose (range, 4%‐15% differences, APIs<whites), APIs in Hawaii had higher up‐to‐date status than whites (52% vs 38% P < .001). White versus Hispanic differences were substantial but homogeneous across regions (range, 8%‐16% differences, Hispanics<whites). In contrast to nonwhites, there was little geographic variation in up‐to‐date status among whites.CONCLUSIONS:Significant geographic variation in up‐to‐date status among black and API Medicare enrollees is associated with heterogeneous racial/ethnic disparities for these groups across US regions. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Outcomes of malignant tumors of the lacrimal apparatus
Authors: Skinner Heath D. , Garden Adam S. , Rosenthal David I. , Ang K. Kian , Morrison William H. , Esmaeli Bita , Pinnix Chelsea C. , Frank Steven J. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Malignant epithelial neoplasms of the lacrimal apparatus are rare and are typically treated with surgery and occasionally adjuvant radiation therapy (RT). The purpose of this study was to assess treatment outcomes by type of surgery (orbital exenteration vs eye‐sparing surgery) and clarify the role of adjuvant RT for this rare disease.METHODS:Forty‐six patients with malignant epithelial neoplasms of the lacrimal apparatus were treated at a single institution from 1945 through 2008. Twenty‐seven patients (59%) were treated with orbital exenteration and 19 (41%) with eye‐sparing surgery; 64% of the orbital exenteration group and 83% of the eye‐sparing surgery group also received adjuvant RT (median dose, 60 grays). Median follow‐up time for all patients was 38 months (range, 3‐460 months).RESULTS:For the orbital exenteration and eye‐sparing surgery groups, the 5‐year overall survival (OS) rates were 59% and 62%, and the 5‐year disease‐free survival (DFS) rates were 49% and 39%, respectively (P = .56, P = .35). Tumor status (T1‐2 vs T3‐4) was associated with OS (P = .02), and tumor size (<3.5 vs >3.5 cm) with DFS (P = .015). Median time to locoregional recurrence was 85 months for orbital exenteration, and 123 months for eye‐sparing surgery. All patients who did not receive RT experienced local recurrence, and RT extended time to locoregional recurrence (median 460 vs 30 months, P = .009). Seven grade ≥3 complications were experienced after adjuvant RT.CONCLUSIONS:For appropriately selected patients, an eye‐sparing surgery for lacrimal apparatus tumors can achieve similar survival outcomes to those in patients treated with an orbital exenteration. Adjuvant RT should be considered for all patients presenting with these rare tumors. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Correlation of LAPTM4B polymorphisms with cervical carcinoma
Authors: Meng Fanling , Song Hongtao , Luo Chang , Yin Mingzhu , Xu Ye , Liu Haixia , Zhou Rouli , Lou Ge 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Lysosome‐associated protein transmembrane 4 beta (LAPTM4B), a novel oncoprotein, is overexpressed in several carcinomas. Previous studies revealed that LAPTM4B polymorphisms contribute to the risk of certain types of cancers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between different LAPTM4B alleles and the risk of cervical carcinoma.METHODS:A case‐control analysis was performed in 317 patients with cervical cancer and 416 control subjects. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood lymphocytes in all participants. LAPTM4B genotypes were determined using polymerase chain reaction. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed using an unconditional logistic regression model.RESULTS:There was a significant difference (P<.001) in LAPTM4B*2 allele frequency between cervical cancer cases (35.8%) and controls (26.3%). There was also a significant difference in the overall genotypic distribution between patients and controls (P < .001). Using the LAPTM4B*1/1 genotype as a reference, we found that LAPTM4B allelic variation was associated with a significantly increased risk of cervical cancer, with adjusted odds ratios of 1.60 (95% CI, 1.15‐2.22) and 2.12 (95% CI, 1.20‐3.76) for the *1/2 and *2/2 genotype, respectively. Stratification analysis indicated that the association was more pronounced in younger subjects, smokers, premenopausal women, and women with more parities. Moreover, multiplicative joint effects were found between the *1/2 or *2/2 genotype and smoking.CONCLUSIONS:The findings of this study indicated that the LAPTM4B*2 allele might be a cervical cancer risk factor and may play an important role in genetic susceptibility to cervical cancer in the Chinese population. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Survival after complete surgical resection of multiple metastases from renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Alt Angela L. , Boorjian Stephen A. , Lohse Christine M. , Costello Brian A. , Leibovich Bradley C. , Blute Michael L. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Although a role for resection of solitary metastases from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been described, the utility of surgery in patients with multiple sites of disease has been less well defined. The authors report the survival of patients who underwent complete metastasectomy for multiple RCC metastases.METHODS:The authors identified 887 patients who underwent nephrectomy for RCC between 1976 and 2006 who developed multiple metastatic lesions. The impact of complete metastasectomy on survival was evaluated controlling for the timing, location, and number of metastases and for patient performance status.RESULTS:Of 887 patients, 125 (14%) underwent complete surgical resection of all metastases. Complete metastasectomy was associated with a significant prolongation of median cancer‐specific survival (CSS) (4.8 years vs 1.3 years; P < .001). Patients who had lung‐only metastases had a 5‐year CSS rate of 73.6% with complete resection versus 19% without complete resection (P < .001). A survival advantage from complete metastasectomy also was observed among patients with multiple, nonlung‐only metastases, who had a 5‐year CSS rate of 32.5% with complete resection versus 12.4% without complete resection (P < .001). Complete resection remained predictive of improved CSS for patients who had ≥3 metastatic lesions (P < .001) and for patients who had synchronous (P < .001) and asynchronous (P = .002) multiple metastases. Moreover, on multivariate analysis, the absence of complete metastasectomy was associated significantly with an increased risk of death from RCC (hazard ratio, 2.91; 95% confidence interval, 2.17‐3.90; P < .001).CONCLUSIONS:The current results indicated that complete resection of multiple RCC metastases may be associated with long‐term survival and should be considered when technically feasible in appropriate surgical candidates. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
miR‐340 inhibition of breast cancer cell migration and invasion through targeting of oncoprotein c‐Met
Authors: Wu Zheng‐sheng , Wu Qiang , Wang Chao‐qun , Wang Xiao‐nan , Huang Jing , Zhao Jing‐jing , Mao Shan‐shan , Zhang Gui‐hong , Xu Xiao‐chun , Zhang Nong 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Different microRNAs have been shown to have oncogenic and tumor‐suppressive functions in human cancers. Detection of their expression may lead to identifying novel markers for breast cancer.METHODS:The authors detected miR‐340 expression in 4 human breast cell lines and then focused on its role in regulation of tumor cell growth, migration, and invasion and target gene expression. They then analyzed miR‐340 expression in benign and cancerous breast tissue specimens.RESULTS:Endogenous miR‐340 expression was down‐regulated in the more aggressive breast cancer cell lines, which was confirmed in breast cancer tissue specimens by using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Further studies showed that induction of miR‐340 expression was able to suppress tumor cell migration and invasion, whereas knockdown of miR‐340 expression induced breast cancer cell migration and invasion. At the gene level, the authors identified c‐Met as a direct miR‐340 target to mediate cell migration and invasion through regulation of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 expression. Ex vivo, loss of miR‐340 expression was associated with lymph node metastasis, high tumor histological grade, clinical stage, and shorter overall survival of breast cancer as well as increased c‐Met expression in breast cancer tissue specimens.CONCLUSIONS:miR‐340 may play an important role in breast cancer progression, suggesting that miR‐340 should be further evaluated as a novel biomarker for breast cancer metastasis and prognosis, and potentially a therapeutic target. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Cucurbitacin I inhibits tumorigenic ability and enhances radiochemosensitivity in nonsmall cell lung cancer‐derived CD133‐positive cells
Authors: Hsu Han‐Shui , Huang Pin‐I , Chang Yuh‐Lih , Tzao Ching , Chen Yi‐Wei , Shih Hsin‐Chin , Hung Shih‐Chieh , Chen Yu‐Chih , Tseng Ling‐Ming , Chiou Shih‐Hwa 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling reportedly promotes tumor malignancy and recurrence in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). It was demonstrated previously that the STAT3 pathway maintains the tumorigenicity and therapeutic resistance of malignant tumors as well as cancer stem cells (CSCs). The objective of the current study was to investigate the effect of the strong STAT3 inhibitor, cucurbitacin I, in prominin‐1 (CD133)‐positive lung cancer cells.METHODS:CD133‐positive and CD133‐negative NSCLC‐derived cells were isolated from 7 patients with NSCLC. CD133‐positive NSCLC cells that were treated with or without cucurbitacin I were evaluated for their expression of phosphorylated STAT3 (p‐STAT3), tumorigenicity, stemness properties, and resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs and ionizing radiation.RESULTS:Compared with parental or CD133‐negative NSCLC cells, CD133‐positive NSCLC cells had greater tumorigenicity, greater radioresistance, and higher expression of octamer‐binding transcription factor 4 (Oct‐4), Nanog homeobox, and sex‐determining region Y, box 2 (Sox2) at high p‐STAT3 levels. Cucurbitacin I treatment at 100 nM effectively abrogated STAT3 activation, tumorigenic capacity, sphere formation ability, radioresistance, and chemoresistance in CD133‐positive NSCLC cells. Microarray data suggested that cucurbitacin I inhibited the stemness gene signature of CD133‐positive NSCLC cells and facilitated the differentiation of CD133‐positive NSCLC cells into CD133‐negative NSCLC cells. It is noteworthy that 150 nM cucurbitacin I effectively blocked STAT3 signaling and downstream survival targets, such as B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia/lymphoma 2 (Bcl‐2) and Bcl‐2‐like 1 (Bcl‐xL) expression and induced apoptosis in CD133‐positive NSCLC cells. Finally, xenotransplantation experiments revealed that cucurbitacin I plus radiotherapy or chemotherapeutic drugs significantly suppressed tumorigenesis and improved survival in NSCLC‐CD133‐positive‐transplanted, immunocompromised mice.CONCLUSIONS:Targeting STAT3 signaling in CD133‐positive NSCLC cells with cucurbitacin I suppressed CSC‐like properties and enhanced chemoradiotherapy response. The potential of cucurbitacin I should be verified further in future anti‐CSC therapy. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Studying cancer in minorities
Authors: Olson Sara H. , Layne Tracy M. , Simon Jennifer A. , Ludwig Emmy , O'Reilly Eileen , Allen Peter J. , Kurtz Robert C. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Inclusion of minorities is an important but challenging aspect of epidemiologic studies in the United States. One aspect of this challenge that has received little attention is the actual number of minorities with specific cancers. The authors aimed to understand how population characteristics affect the numbers of minority cancer cases in Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) regions.METHODS:By using SEER data, the authors identified 6 cancers with higher incidence rates in racial and ethnic minorities and reviewed the annual number of cases of those cancers in SEER areas where there are large numbers of blacks, Hispanics, and Asians. The authors examined the age characteristics of the populations in SEER areas using data from the US Census.RESULTS:Although there are substantial numbers of cases for the most common cancers with higher incidence in blacks, their numbers are quite small for other cancers, <150 cases, and in many areas, <100 per year. Few registries have substantial numbers of Hispanics or Asians. As expected, the proportion of minority populations is lower in older age groups, whereas the proportion of non‐Hispanic whites is larger.CONCLUSIONS:Because of the sharp decline in minority populations associated with age and the high age‐specific incidence rates of most cancers, the actual number of minority cases is quite small for several cancers. Thus, the inclusion of minority groups in studies of any but the most common cancers presents a challenge. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Long‐term survival after radical prostatectomy versus external‐beam radiotherapy for patients with high‐risk prostate cancer
Authors: Boorjian Stephen A. , Karnes R. Jeffrey , Viterbo Rosalia , Rangel Laureano J. , Bergstralh Eric J. , Horwitz Eric M. , Blute Michael L. , Buyyounouski Mark K. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:The long‐term survival of patients with high‐risk prostate cancer was compared after radical prostatectomy (RRP) and after external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) with or without adjuvant androgen‐deprivation therapy (ADT).METHODS:In total, 1238 patients underwent RRP, and 609 patients received with EBRT (344 received EBRT plus ADT, and 265 received EBRT alone) between 1988 and 2004 who had a pretreatment prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level ≥ 20 ng/mL, a biopsy Gleason score between 8 and 10, or clinical tumor classification ≥ T3. The median follow‐up was 10.2 years, 6.0 years, and 7.2 years after RRP, EBRT plus ADT, and EBRT alone, respectively. The impact of treatment modality on systemic progression, cancer‐specific survival, and overall survival was evaluated using multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis and a competing risk‐regression model.RESULTS:The 10‐year cancer‐specific survival rate was 92%, 92%, and 88% after RRP, EBRT plus ADT, and EBRT alone, respectively (P = .06). After adjustment for case mix, no significant differences in the risks of systemic progression (hazard ratio [HR], 0.78; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.51‐1.18; P = .23) or prostate cancer death (HR, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.68‐1.91; P = .61) were observed between patients who received EBRT plus ADT and patients who underwent RRP. The risk of all‐cause mortality, however, was greater after EBRT plus ADT than after RRP (HR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.25‐2.05; P = .0002).CONCLUSIONS:RRP alone and EBRT plus ADT provided similar long‐term cancer control for patients with high‐risk prostate cancer. The authors concluded that continued investigation into the differing impact of treatments on quality‐of‐life and noncancer mortality will be necessary to determine the optimal management approach for these patients. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Assessing the clinical benefit of nuclear matrix protein 22 in the surveillance of patients with nonmuscle‐invasive bladder cancer and negative cytology
Authors: Shariat Shahrokh F. , Savage Caroline , Chromecki Thomas F. , Sun Maxine , Scherr Douglas S. , Lee Richard K. , Lughezzani Giovanni , Remzi Mesut , Marberger Michael J. , Karakiewicz Pierre I. , Vickers Andrew J. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Several studies have demonstrated that abnormal levels of nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22) are associated with bladder cancer and have led to the approval of NMP22 as a urinary biomarker by the US Food and Drug Administration. Nonetheless, the clinical significance of NMP22 remains unclear. The objective of this study was to use decision analysis to determine whether NMP22 improves medical decision‐making.METHODS:The current study included 2222 patients who had a history of nonmuscle‐invasive bladder cancer and current negative cytology. The authors developed models to predict cancer recurrence or progression to muscle‐invasive disease using voided NMP22 levels, cystoscopy, age, and sex. Clinical net benefit was calculated by summing the benefits (true‐positives), subtracting the harms (false‐positives), and weighting these values by the threshold probability at which a patient or clinician would opt for cytoscopy.RESULTS:After cystoscopy, 581 patients (26%) had cancer identified. The NMP22 level was associated significantly with bladder cancer recurrence and progression (P < .001 for both). The use of NMP22 in a model with age and sex was associated with better patient outcomes than performing cystoscopy on everyone and produced threshold probabilities > 8% for recurrence and > 3% for progression. Only offering cystoscopy to those who had a risk > 15% reduced the number of cystoscopies by 229 while missing only 25 cancer recurrences per 1000 men with negative cytology. The current study was limited by its multicenter design.CONCLUSIONS:For clinicians who would perform a cystoscopy at a threshold of 5% for recurrence or 1% for progression, NMP22 did not aid clinical decision‐making. For less risk‐averse clinicians who would only perform a cystoscopy at a threshold probability >thinsp;8% for recurrence or > 3% for progression, NMP22 helped to indicate which patients required cystoscopy and which could be spared this procedure. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Pulmonary Circulation in Extreme Environments
Authors: Prisk G. Kim 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe pulmonary circulation is subject to direct challenge from both altered pressure and altered gravity. To efficiently exchange gas, the pulmonary capillaries must be extremely thin‐walled and directly exposed to the alveolar space. Thus, alterations in ambient pressure are directly transmitted to the capillaries with the potential to alter pulmonary blood flow. To produce ventilation, the mammalian lung must expand and contract, and so it is a highly compliant structure. Thus, because the capillaries are contained in the alveolar walls, alterations in the apparent gravitational force deform the lung and directly affect pulmonary blood flow both through lung deformation and through changes in the hydrostatic pressure distribution in the lung. High gravitational forces are encountered in the aviation environment, while gravity is absent in spaceflight. Diving subjects the lung to large increases in ambient pressure, while large reductions in pressure occur, often associated with alterations in oxygen level and airway pressure, in aviation. This article reviews the effects of alterations in both gravity and ambient pressure on the pulmonary circulation. © 2011 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol1:319‐338, 2011.
Gas Exchange Under Altered Gravitational Stress
Authors: Prisk G. Kim 
Published: January 2011

AbstractEfficient gas exchange in the lung depends on the matching of ventilation and perfusion. However, the human lung is a readily deformable structure and as a result gravitational stresses generate gradients in both ventilation and perfusion. Nevertheless, the lung is capable of withstanding considerable change in the applied gravitational load before pulmonary gas exchange becomes impaired. The postural changes that are part of the everyday existence for most bipedal species are well tolerated, as is the removal of gravity (weightlessness). Increases in the applied gravitational load result only in a large impairment in pulmonary gas exchange above approximately three times that on the ground, at which point the matching of ventilation to perfusion is so impaired that efficient gas exchange is no longer possible. Much of the tolerance of the lung to alterations in gravitation stress comes from the fact that ventilation and perfusion are inextricably coupled. Deformations in the lung that alter ventilation necessarily alter perfusion, thus maintaining a degree of matching and minimizing the disruption in ventilation to perfusion ratio and thus gas exchange. © 2011 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol1:339‐355, 2011.