bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
S100β as a novel and accessible indicator for the presence of monocyte‐driven encephalitis in AIDS
Authors: Renner N. A. , Redmann R. K. , Moroney‐Rasmussen T. , Sansing H. A. , Aye P. P. , Didier P. J. , Lackner A. A. , MacLean A. G. 
Published: June 2011

N. A. Renner, R. K. Redmann, T. Moroney‐Rasmussen, H. A. Sansing, P. P. Aye, P. J. Didier, A. A. Lackner and A. G. MacLean (2012) Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology38, 162–174S100β as a novel and accessible indicator for the presence of monocyte‐driven encephalitis in AIDSAims: The pathogenesis of human/simian immunodeficiency virus encephalitis (HIVE/SIVE) remains incompletely understood, but is associated with alterations in the blood–brain barrier. At present, it is not possible to easily determine if an individual has HIVE/SIVE before post mortem examination. Methods: We have examined serum levels of the astroglial protein S100β in SIV‐infected macaques and show that it can be used to determine which animals have SIVE. We also checked for correlations with inflammatory markers such as CCL2/MCP‐1, IL‐6 and C‐reactive protein. Results: We found that increased S100β protein in serum correlated with decreased expression of the tight junction protein zonula occludens‐1 on brain microvessels. Furthermore, the decrease in zonula occludens‐1 expression was spatially related to SIVE lesions and perivascular deposition of plasma fibrinogen. There was no correlation between encephalitis and plasma levels of IL‐6, MCP‐1/CCL2 or C‐reactive protein. Conclusions: Together, these data indicate that SIVE lesions are associated with vascular leakage that can be determined by S100β protein in the periphery. The ability to simply monitor the presence of SIVE will greatly facilitate studies of the neuropathogenesis of AIDS.
Cytokinin antagonizes ABA suppression to seed germination of Arabidopsis by downregulating ABI5 expression
Authors: Wang Yanping , Li Lin , Ye Tiantian , Zhao Shujuan , Liu Zhao , Feng Yu‐Qi , Wu Yan 
Published: June 2011

SummaryAbscisic acid (ABA) and cytokinin are key hormones controlling plant development. How ABA and cytokinin interplay to control the transition from a dry seed into a young seedling remains elusive. Here we undertook a gain‐of‐function genetic screen to identify ABA‐insensitive mutants during seed germination in Arabidopsis using an estradiol‐inducible approach. In the presence of estradiol, one of these mutants gim1 (germination insensitive to ABA mutant 1) exhibited an elevated level of cytokinin that was attributed to the estradiol‐induced expression of AtIPT8 that encodes an isopentenyltransferase for the biosynthesis of cytokinins. Our data on OE‐2 and Com‐1 transgenic plants carrying the ectopically expressing AtIPT8 gene indicated that the elevation of cytokinin level was responsible for the ABA‐insensitivity of gim1 seed germination. Further analyses on alterations of gene transcriptomes in the gim1 mutant demonstrated that the expression of some ABA‐inducible genes, including ABI5, was reduced, and could not be restored by exogenous ABA treatment. Moreover, we also failed to observe the ABA‐mediated repression of a family of cytokinin signal transducers and transcription repressors called type‐A ARR4, ARR5 and ARR6 in the gim1 seedlings. Further analysis demonstrated that type‐A ARR4, ARR5 and ARR6 could negatively regulate ABI5 expression, and the physical interaction of ABI5 and type‐A ARR4, ARR5 and ARR6 proteins was detected. In summary, our study suggests that the interaction of ABA and cytokinin during seed germination and seedling growth can be mediated by the interplay of transcriptional regulators in Arabidopsis.
Knowledge, attitude and practice towards blood donation in Iranian population
Authors: Mousavi F. , Tavabi A. A. , Golestan B. , Ammar‐Saeedi E. , Kashani H. , Tabatabaei R. , Iran‐Pour E. 
Published: June 2011

Background: The increase in demand for blood products because of new surgical and medical procedures seeks more research to find new ways to recruit people to donate blood.Objective/Aim: To determine the level of people's knowledge about donating blood considering its relation with infectious and chronic diseases, drug abuse, unsafe sexual intercourse, menstruation and anaemia. In addition, their attitude towards blood donation regarding their previous behaviour and factors such as altruism, religion, family, fears and availability of blood donation centres has been evaluated.Methods: This study was conducted in Tehran, Iran in 2009 on 1000 respondents. Data were collected through questionnaires that comprised 37 questions considering demographic and background characteristics, level of knowledge and positive and negative attitudes towards blood donation. Finally, data were analysed using SPSS software.Results: Of 1000 in this study, 26% were donors, of whom 55% had donated blood more than once. The mean knowledge score of the participants was 8·6, which was associated with the subjects' gender and level of education (P = 0·031 and P < 0·001, respectively). Age, gender and level of education were significantly associated with one's attitude towards blood donation (P = 0·021, P < 0·001 and P = 0·003,respectively). Ninety‐five percent of people have stated that their main motivation to donate blood was altruism.Conclusion: Altruism and being encouraged by others had the leading roles in peoples' positive attitude towards blood donation; whereas hard access to blood donation centres seemed to be the main inhibitory factor.
Genotype–phenotype correlation in colorectal polyposis
Authors: Newton KF , Mallinson EKL , Bowen J , Lalloo F , Clancy T , Hill J , Evans DGR 
Published: June 2011

Newton KF, Mallinson EKL, Bowen J, Lalloo F, Clancy T, Hill J, Evans DGR. Genotype–phenotype correlation in colorectal polyposis.Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) has been divided into three clinical subtypes: mild, classical and severe. This study aimed to investigate for a correlation between genotype and phenotype. A codon‐specific survival difference is unknown. A retrospective longitudinal study of 492 patients on the Manchester Polyposis Registry was conducted. Patients were grouped according to genotypes: 0, unknown mutation; 1, adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) 0–178 (and 312–412 of exon 9); 2, APC >1550; 3, APC 179–1249; 4, APC 1250–1549; and 5, MutYH. Date of onset of polyposis, incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC), survival and actuarial time to surgery were calculated. Median age of onset of polyposis for genotype 0 was 20.3 years, genotype 1 35.6 years, genotype 2 32.2, genotype 3 15.9 years, and genotype 4 14.8 years (p < 0.0001). Age of onset of CRC was similar between genotypes. Median survival for genotype 0 was 56.6 years, genotype 1 74.9 years, genotype 2 61.0 years, genotype 3 63.0 years, genotype 4 48.1 years, and genotype 5 69.7 years (p = 0.003). This survival difference was also seen when patients who underwent screening and those who did not were analysed separately. Survival in the screened population was 53.9 years in genotype 4 and 72.9 years in genotype 3. Patients with genotype 4 (APC 1249–1549) have a significantly worse survival despite screening and early prophylactic surgery. This analysis supports a genotype–phenotype correlation. Patients with a mutation APC 1249–1549 develop polyposis at an early age and have a worse survival. Patients with a mutation APC 0–178 or 312–412 develop polyposis later and have an improved survival. This survival difference has not previously been documented.
High frequency of autosomal‐recessive DFNB59 hearing loss in an isolated Arab population in Israel
Authors: Borck G , Rainshtein L , Hellman‐Aharony S , Volk AE , Friedrich K , Taub E , Magal N , Kanaan M , Kubisch C , Shohat M , Basel‐Vanagaite L 
Published: June 2011

Borck G, Rainshtein L, Hellman‐Aharony S, Volk AE, Friedrich K, Taub E, Magal N, Kanaan M, Kubisch C, Shohat M, Basel‐Vanagaite L. High frequency of autosomal‐recessive DFNB59 hearing loss in an isolated Arab population in Israel.Autosomal‐recessive non‐syndromic hearing impairment (DFNB) is usually of prelingual onset with a moderate to profound degree of hearing loss. More than 70 DFNB loci have been mapped and ∼40 causative genes have been identified. Non‐syndromic hearing impairment caused by mutations of DFNB59 (encoding pejvakin) has been described in a couple of families in which affected individuals presented with either auditory neuropathy or hearing loss of cochlear origin. We have identified and clinically evaluated three consanguineous families of Israeli Arab origin with prelingual non‐syndromic hearing impairment and absent otoacoustic emissions in a total of eight affected individuals. All the families originate from the same village and bear the same family name. We have identified a c.406C>T (p.R136X) nonsense mutation in the DFNB59 gene in affected individuals from these families. Among the inhabitants of the village, we found an exceptionally high carrier frequency of ∼1 in 12 individuals (7/85; 8.2%). The high prevalence of hearing impairment can be explained by a founder effect and the high consanguinity rate among the inhabitants of this village.
Novel mutation in ATP13A2 widens the spectrum of Kufor‐Rakeb syndrome (PARK9)
Authors: Eiberg H , Hansen L , Korbo L , Nielsen IM , Svenstrup K , Bech S , Pinborg LH , Friberg L , Hjermind LE , Olsen OR , Nielsen JE 
Published: June 2011

Eiberg H, Hansen L, Korbo L, Nielsen IM, Svenstrup K, Bech S, Pinborg LH, Friberg L, Hjermind LE, Olsen OR, Nielsen JE. Novel mutation in ATP13A2 widens the spectrum of Kufor‐Rakeb syndrome (PARK9).Kufor‐Rakeb syndrome (KRS) is a rare autosomal recessive inherited juvenile parkinsonian syndrome caused by mutations in ATP13A2. We describe six patients from a consanguineous Greenlandic Inuit family, homozygous for a novel frame‐shift mutation in exon 22 of ATP13A2 (c.2473C>AA, p.Leu825AsnfsX32). Disease onset varied from 10 to 29 years of age, the latest reported, and the clinical features were highly variable within a wide spectrum of an extrapyramidal–pyramidal syndrome with cognitive/psychiatric features. Ataxia was seen in two patients and axonal neuropathy in one, features not previously related to KRS. Dopamine transporter scans showed symmetrical, severely reduced uptake in striatum in two patients. Magnetic resonance imaging was without atrophy in one patient despite disease duration of 17 years, and cerebral and cerebellar atrophy was seen in another patient after 4 years of disease duration. The molecular pathogenic mechanisms of ATP13A2 mutations are discussed. The observation that the mutant transcript is not degraded by nonsense‐mediated RNA decay and the fact that none of the eight heterozygous carriers from the family have KRS symptoms suggest that the mutant protein does not interfere and destroy the function of the wild‐type ATP13A2 protein.
Infectious risk in xenotransplantation – what post‐transplant screening for the human recipient?
Authors: Denner Joachim 
Published: June 2011

Denner J. Infectious risk in xenotransplantation – what post‐transplant screening for the human recipient? Xenotransplantation 2011; 18: 151–157. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Xenotransplantation may be associated with the transmission of pig microorganisms including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites. As the recipient may be immunosuppressed, infection and pathologic consequences may be more pronounced compared to non‐immunosuppressed individuals. Transmission of most microorganisms with exception of porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERV) may be prevented by screening the donor pig and qualified pathogen‐free breeding. PERVs represent a special risk as they are present in the genome of all pigs and infect human cells in vitro. Until now, no PERV transmission was observed in experimental and clinical xenotransplantations as well as in numerous infection experiments. Nevertheless, several strategies have been developed to prevent PERV transmission.
Attitudinal study of organ xenotransplantation in patients on the kidney and liver transplant waiting list in a country with a high rate of deceased donation
Authors: Martínez‐Alarcón Laura , Ríos Antonio , Pons Jose A. , González Maria J. , Ramis Guillermo , Ramírez Pablo , Parrilla Pascual 
Published: June 2011

Martínez‐Alarcón L, Ríos A, Pons JA, González MJ, Ramis G, Ramírez P, Parrilla P. Attitudinal study of organ xenotransplantation in patients on the kidney and liver transplant waiting list in a country with a high rate of deceased donation. Xenotransplantation 2011; 18: 168–175. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Background:  The organ transplant deficit is leading to an increase in the importance of solid organ xenotransplantation. However, the use of animals for human transplantation causes a certain amount of opposition in patients and the general public. The objective of this study was to analyze the attitude of patients on the kidney and liver waiting list toward xenotransplantation and the variables affecting this attitude.Methods:  Patients on the kidney and liver waiting list (January 2003 – December 2005) were surveyed. Attitude toward xenotransplantation was assessed using a psychosocial questionnaire about the donation of organs of animal origin administered by a healthcare professional from the Transplant Unit.Results:  A total of 373 patients were interviewed (kidney [n = 214] and liver patients [n = 158]). In the case of kidney patients, if the results of xenotransplantation were as effective as those attained using human organs, 76% (n = 162) would be in favor. If the results were worse, only 8% (n = 17) would be in favor. Two factors affected this attitude: a high level of education (P = 0.007) and a positive attitude toward organ donation upon death (P < 0.001). In the case of liver patients, 67% (n = 106) would be in favor if the results of xenotransplantation were as effective as those attained using human organs, decreasing to 16% (n = 25) if the results were worse. Attitude toward deceased organ donation also affected the attitude of these patients (P < 0.043).Conclusions:  The attitude toward xenotransplantation of patients on the kidney and liver transplant waiting list was favorable and associated with a positive attitude toward human organ donation.
Effect of αGal on corneal xenotransplantation in a mouse model
Authors: Choi Hyuk Jin , Kim Mee Kum , Lee Hyun Ju , Jeong So Hee , Kang Hee Jung , Park Chan‐Sik , Park Chung‐Gyu , Joon Kim Sang , Wee Won Ryang 
Published: June 2011

Choi HJ, Kim MK, Lee HJ, Jeong SH, Kang HJ, Park C‐S, Park C‐G, Kim SJ, Wee WR. Effect of αGal on corneal xenotransplantation in a mouse model. Xenotransplantation 2011; 18: 176–182. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Background:  It has been reported that hyperacute rejection (HAR) does not occur after pig‐to‐nonhuman corneal xenotransplantation. However, considering that immune privilege is already disrupted in most human corneal recipients, and the expression of αGal can be gradually reduced after pig‐to‐rat corneal transplantation, the long‐term survival of corneal grafts from wild‐type pigs cannot be guaranteed. Accordingly, we aimed to investigate the effect of αGal on the change in anti‐Gal antibodies, using sensitized α1,3‐galactosyltransferase gene‐knockout (GTKO) mice recipients.Methods:  C57BL/6 (B6) and GTKO mice were divided into 5 groups and underwent orthotopically full thickness cormeal transplantation as follows (n=4 for each group): (1) group 1: B6 to B6; (2) group 2: fresh porcine posterior corneal lamella to B6; (3) fresh porcine posterior corneal lamella to GTKO; (4) group 4: decellularized porcine posterior corneal lamella to GTKO, and (5) group 5: B6 to GTKO. Before transplantation, all GTKO recipients were sensitized using intraperitoneal injections of rabbit blood cells. Median survival times (MST) for the corneal grafts of the different groups were compared and plasma concentrations of IgG/IgM anti‐Gal antibodies were evaluated at 1 week, 2 weeks and 3 weeks post‐transplantation.Results:  There were no differences in MSTs between groups. Although there was no HAR of fresh porcine posterior corneal grafts even in sensitized GTKO recipients, αGal expression was induced in the transplanted fresh porcine corneal grafts and plasma concentration of IgG anti‐Gal antibody was gradually increased in fresh porcine cornea‐grafted GTKO recipients. On the contrary, αGal expression did not increase in the grafts and plasma concentration of anti‐Gal antibodies did not change after transplantation using decellularized porcine corneas.Conclusions:  Our findings suggest that αGal may affect the long‐term survival of porcine corneal xenografts via antibody‐mediated rejection, although αGal does not have an effect on acute rejection and decellularized porcine corneas may enable the long‐term survival of porcine corneal xenografts.
Discoid lupus erythematosus at a site of previous injury
Authors: Ruocco Eleonora , Brunetti Giampiero , Sangiuliano Sonia , Caccavale Stefano , Lo Schiavo Ada 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTA 71‐year‐old man with three patches of discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) confined to the right preauricular region drew our attention because of the unusual linear arrangement of the lesions. Twenty‐five years previously, the patient had suffered a trauma in the same area from falling off his motorcycle. We believe that, despite the great lapse in time, this injury may have facilitated the onset of DLE in the very same area, through long‐term destabilization of the local neuroimmune network. The case fits the recently coined concept of the immunocompromised district, a cutaneous region with altered immune control, more susceptible to harbouring opportunistic infections, tumours, and immune disorders.
Coexistence of congenital linear porokeratosis and disseminated superficial porokeratosis
Authors: Cho Eujin , Lee Young Bok , Park Hyun Jeong , Cho Baik Kee 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTThe coexistence of two or more forms of porokeratosis in a single individual is rarely reported. We report here on a patient exhibiting the coexistence of congenital linear porokeratosis and disseminated superficial porokeratosis. To our knowledge, this entity has been previously reported only once.
Experiences of women who have a vaginal birth after requesting a Cesarean section due to a fear of birth: A biographical, narrative, interpretative study
Authors: Ramvi Ellen , Tangerud Margrethe 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA fear of childbirth is a reason for a Cesarean section on request without a medical indication. The law for patients' rights in Norway does not give women the opportunity to choose a Cesarean section, only the potential to participate in the decision‐making process. This requires cooperation between health professionals and patients. The present study explores the experience of women who had a vaginal birth after requesting a Cesarean section due to a fear of birth. A biographical, narrative, interpretative method was used. Through five women's stories, it is evident that the practice of decision‐making constitutes a challenge for both the women and the health professionals. The importance of a woman's right to be taken seriously, even if she does not want to understand the reason behind her fear of birth, is emphasized. An open mind from midwives and physicians is required, although this seems difficult to achieve.
Fatigue strength analysis of notched aluminium specimens using the highly stressed volume method
Authors: VAN HOOREWEDER BRECHT , MOENS DAVID , BOONEN RENE , SAS PAUL 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper describes a methodology to analyse the fatigue strength of notched aluminium 7075 T7531 specimens using the highly stressed volume method. A straightforward test setup was developed to load test samples with different stress concentrations in repeated bending at high frequency. The highly stressed volumes are precisely determined using static finite element analysis in combination with Matlab for post‐processing. Mean values of the local endurable stress amplitudes are calculated by means of the staircase method. The results indicate that the highly stressed volume can be used as an accurate and efficient design parameter to take the notch‐effect in aluminium components into account.
Messenger RNA processing and its role in diabetes
Authors: Harries L. W. 
Published: June 2011

Diabet. Med. 28, 1010–1017 (2011)AbstractThe past few years have seen huge advances in our understanding of the genetics of diabetes. However, definition of the mechanisms that underpin these observations is less clear. It is now becoming apparent that the processes that mediate these effects are complex and interlinked, and will require consideration of other factors in addition to the DNA sequence. The information in our genes is conveyed to the cellular machinery via an intermediate molecule, RNA. However, we now understand that RNA is not merely a messenger, as RNA‐based mechanisms are responsible for a large proportion of the fine‐tuning of gene expression and gene regulation. The initial RNA transcript produced undergoes a series of modifications known as RNA processing to generate a mature messenger RNA (mRNA). This includes addition of the 5’ cap sequences and the poly‐A tail of the mRNA molecule, and removal of its intronic sequences. The exact pattern of mRNA processing may vary from cell type to cell type and differ in response to internal and external stimuli. In this review, using examples from my own work, I will outline how mRNA processing mechanisms can sometimes provide a mode of action for mutations causing monogenic diabetes, and also suggest potential explanations for phenotypic variation in this condition. The potential for mRNA processing to impact on more complex causes of diabetes as well will also be considered.
As Autumn Turns to Winter – in Search of the Archive Without an Address
Authors: MAIR KIMBERLY 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis paper reflects upon absences in the institutional archive and considers the problems associated with the search for non‐textual records. Speculating on the potential of the city street, or spaces as such, as sites of collection, this paper aims to perform a displacement of public forms of memorialization, such as the formal archive, the gravestone, or the public monument and argues that institutional forms of memorialization tend to trade the ontological accumulation of imprints, echoes, and trajectories embodied in everyday spaces for both physical and conceptual containment in a form that is subject to hierarchies of meaning to which public space is ultimately accountable.