bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is the magnetization transfer ratio a marker for myelin in multiple sclerosis?
Authors: Vavasour Irene M. , Laule Cornelia , Li David K.B. , Traboulsee Anthony L. , MacKay Alex L. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the correlation between water content (WC) and magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) in normal and multiple sclerosis (MS) brain. The MTR has been proposed as a marker for myelin in central nervous system tissue. However, changes in WC due to inflammation and edema may also affect the MTR.Materials and MethodsSeven MS subjects with active disease and seven age‐ and gender‐matched controls were scanned using quantitative magnetic resonance techniques. WC, myelin water content, T1 relaxation time, and MTR were calculated from areas of lesion (divided into new lesions less than 2 months old, isointense T1 lesions, and hypointense T1 lesions), contralateral normal‐appearing white matter (NAWM), and location‐matched normal white matter (NWM) in controls. Linear regression was used to determine the correlation between WC and MTR.ResultsA significant correlation was found between WC and MTR across all tissue (R = −0.65, P < 0.0005).ConclusionMTR was correlated with WC in MS tissue, indicating that inflammation and edema influence MTR. Therefore, caution should be used when associating MTR exclusively with myelin content. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Short laser pulse‐induced irreversible photothermal effects in red blood cells
Authors: Lukianova‐Hleb Ekaterina Y. , Oginsky Alexander O. , Olson John S. , Lapotko Dmitri O. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPhotothermal (PT) responses of individual red blood cells (RBC) to short laser pulses may depend upon PT interactions at microscale.Study Design/Materials and MethodsA sequence of identical short laser pulses (0.5 and 10 nanoseconds, 532 nm) was applied to individual RBCs, and their PT properties were analyzed at microscale in real time after each single pulse.ResultsPT interactions in RBC were found to be localized to sub‐micrometer zones associated with Hb that may be responsible for overheating and evaporation at higher optical energies. At sub‐ablative energies, a single short laser pulse induced irreversible changes in the optical properties of RBC that stimulated the transition from a heating‐cooling response to ablative evaporation in individual erythrocytes during their exposure to subsequent, but identical pulses.ConclusionThe PT response of RBCs to short laser pulses of specific energy includes localized irreversible modifications of cell structure, resulting in three different effects: thermal non‐ablative response, ablative evaporation, and residual thermal response. Lasers Surg. Med. 43:249–260, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bicycling breaks the ice for freezers of gait
Authors: Snijders Anke H. , Toni Ivan , Ružička Evžen , Bloem Bastiaan R. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPatients with freezing of gait (FOG) have episodic problems with generating adequate steps. This phenomenon is both common and debilitating in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) or atypical parkinsonism. We recently presented a video case of a patient with longstanding PD and severe FOG, who showed a remarkably preserved ability to ride a bicycle. Here, we comment on the scientific and clinical implications of this single case observation, and show the video of a similar case. We first consider several pathophysiological explanations for this striking discrepancy between walking and cycling in PD. We then discuss the merits and shortcomings of cycling as a potential new avenue for rehabilitation and exercise training in patients grounded by FOG. Finally, we provide some directions for future research stimulated by this fascinating observation. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Prevalence of Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Gabrielli Maurizio , Bonazzi Patrizia , Scarpellini Emidio , Bendia Emanuele , Lauritano Ernesto C. , Fasano Alfonso , Ceravolo Maria G. , Capecci Marianna , Rita Bentivoglio Anna , Provinciali Leandro , Tonali Pietro A. , Gasbarrini Antonio 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackground:Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with gastrointestinal motility abnormalities that could favor the occurrence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in PD patients.Methods:Consecutive PD patients were enrolled. The controls were subjects without PD. All patients and controls underwent the glucose breath test to assess small intestinal bacterial overgrowth.Results:Forty‐eight PD patients and 36 controls were enrolled. The prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth was significantly higher in PD patients than in controls (54.17% vs 8.33%; P < .0001; OR, 2.24; 95% CI, 3.50–48.24). Multivariate analysis showed Hoehn and Yahr stage (OR, 3.07; 95% CI, 1.14–8.27) and Unified PD Rating score (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.02–1.23) were significantly associated with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in PD patients.Conclusions:Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth is highly prevalent in PD. Gastrointestinal motility abnormalities might explain this association. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Survival of Korean patients with multiple system atrophy
Authors: Kim Han‐Joon , Jeon Beom S. , Lee Jee‐Young , Yun Ji Young 
Published: February 2011

AbstractMethods:We conducted a retrospective medical record review to determine the survival of 455 Korean multiple system atrophy (MSA) patients and examined the effect of clinical factors that could possibly influence survival. The patients comprised 222 men and 233 women.Results:Age at onset was 60.1 ± 8.8 years (mean ± SD) and did not differ between the sexes. Parkinsonism was the most prevalent initial symptom, followed by cerebellar dysfunction and dysautonomia. Age at onset was significantly older in patients with predominant parkinsonism at the last visit (MSA‐P) than in the other patients. At the time of data collection, 107 patients had died. Median survival time was 10 years. The survival rate of women was slightly better than that of men, especially in MSA‐P patients.Conclusions:Survival was not affected by age at onset, initial symptom, or predominant symptom at the last visit or by the presence of autonomic symptoms or multiple symptoms at disease onset. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Predictors of time to requiring dopaminergic treatment in 2 Parkinson's disease cohorts
Authors: Marras Connie , McDermott Michael P. , Marek Ken , Rochon Paula , Naglie Gary , Tanner Caroline M. , Rudolph Alice , Shoulson Ira , Lang Anthony E. ,   on behalf of the Parkinson Study Group DATATOP and PRECEPT investigators
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe rate of progression of Parkinson's disease (PD) is highly variable. Knowledge of factors associated with disease milestones and commonly used research outcome measures helps with patient counseling and guides the design and interpretation of clinical studies. The objective of the study was to identify prognostic factors for time to acquiring disability requiring dopaminergic therapy that are reproducible within 2 large prospectively followed cohorts. Potential prognostic factors were identified using data from the Deprenyl and Tocopherol Antioxidative Therapy of Parkinsonism (DATATOP) trial, and their reproducibility was examined using data from the Parkinson Research Examination of CEP‐1347 trial (PRECEPT). In multivariable analyses of the DATATOP cohort, higher baseline Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) scores, full‐time employment, a lesser smoking history, and onset on the left side were associated with a shorter time to disability requiring dopaminergic therapy. PRECEPT data confirmed the associations of higher baseline UPDRS scores and full‐time employment with shorter time to requiring treatment. Any clinical trial using the end point of time to disability requiring dopaminergic therapy should ensure that groups are well balanced with respect to baseline UPDRS scores and the proportion of subjects employed full time and should consider including these variables as covariates in the statistical model for primary analysis of treatment effects. We suspect that individuals employed full time may have a lower threshold for requiring dopaminergic therapy because of occupational demands. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Characterizing mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Dalrymple‐Alford John C. , Livingston Leslie , MacAskill Michael R. , Graham Charlotte , Melzer Tracy R. , Porter Richard J. , Watts Richard , Anderson Tim J. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThere is growing interest in identifying Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with mild cognitive impairment (PD‐MCI), but widely disparate criteria have been used. We assessed 143 PD patients and 50 matched controls on 20 measures across 4 cognitive domains (executive function, attention and working memory, learning and memory, visuoperception). Twenty‐four patients met criteria for dementia (PD‐D); nondementia patients were classified as either with normal cognition or MCI for 12 neuropsychological criteria. We compared the influence of these criteria on the distribution of global cognitive performance in the resulting PD‐MCI groups relative to the control and PD‐D groups. Different criteria produced substantial variation in the proportion of PD‐MCI cases identified. Fourteen percent PD‐MCI was found when using 2 scores in 1 domain at 2 standard deviations (SD) below normative scores, with no controls identified as MCI, through to 89% PD‐MCI with 1 score in 1 domain at 1 SD below normative scores, when 70% of controls were identified as MCI. The balance of cases with impaired cognition but not those with generally intact cognition was better served by using criteria that required 2 specific deficit scores or deficits across 2 domains. As comparisons with external normative data may have greater applicability across centers, we suggest that 2 scores at −1.5 SD within any single domain (30% PD‐MCI) or 1 score at −1.5 SD in each of 2 domains (37% PD‐MCI) provide suitable criteria to minimize the inclusion of cognitively well patients. Clinical dementia rating did not improve the relative identification of cognitively impaired and unimpaired nondementia PD patients. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Oleoyl‐Estrone
Authors: Remesar Xavier , Fernández‐López José Antonio , Alemany Marià 
Published: February 2011

AbstractOleoyl‐estrone (OE) is a powerful slimming agent that is also present in plasma and adipose tissue, where it is synthesized. It acts through the formation of a derivative W. OE effects (and W levels) are proportional to the dose. OE reduces food intake but maintains energy expenditure (thermogenesis). The energy gap is fulfilled with adipose tissue fat, sparing body protein and maintaining glycemia (and glycogen) with lower insulin and leptin levels. OE (in fact W) acts through specific receptors, different from those of estrogen. OE increases cholesterol catabolism, reducing hypercholesterolemia in obese rats. The main metabolic effect on adipose tissue is lowering of lipid synthesis, maintaining unchanged the intracellular lipolytic processes; the imbalance favors the progressive loss of fat, which is largely used by the muscle. OE administration induces additive effects with other antiobesity agents, such as β3‐adrenergic agonists, forcing a massive loss of lipid. Corticosteroids markedly limit OE action by altering the liver control of lipogenesis. OE also inhibits the action of 17β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, decreasing the synthesis of β‐estradiol and testosterone. Discontinuous treatment allows for maximal efficacy both in rats and humans. OE has the advantage that the loss of fat is maintained and does not require additional dietary limitations.
Improvements in multislice parallel imaging using radial CAIPIRINHA
Authors: Yutzy Stephen R. , Seiberlich Nicole , Duerk Jeffrey L. , Griswold Mark A. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractMultislice parallel imaging involves the simultaneous sampling of multiple parallel slices which are subsequently separated using parallel imaging reconstruction. The CAIPIRINHA technique improves this reconstruction by manipulating the phase of the RF excitation pulses to shift the aliasing pattern such that there is less aliasing energy to be reconstructed. In this work, it is shown that combining the phase manipulation used in CAIPIRINHA with a non‐Cartesian (radial) sampling scheme further decreases the aliasing energy for the parallel imaging algorithm to reconstruct, thereby further increasing the degree to which a multi‐channel receiver array can be utilized for parallel imaging acceleration. In radial CAIPIRINHA, individual bands (slices) in a multislice excitation are modulated with view‐dependent phase, causing a destructive interference of entire slices. This destructive interference leads to a reduction in aliasing compared to the coherent shifts one observes when using this same technique with a Cartesian trajectory. Recovery of each individual slice is possible because the applied phase pattern is known, and a conjugate‐gradient reconstruction algorithm minimizes the contributions from other slices. Results are presented with a standard 12‐channel head coil with acceleration factors up to 14, where radial CAIPIRINHA produces an improved reconstruction when compared with Cartesian CAIPIRINHA. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
First image from a combined positron emission tomography and field‐cycled MRI system
Authors: Bindseil Geron A. , Gilbert Kyle M. , Scholl Timothy J. , Handler William B. , Chronik Blaine A. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractCombining positron emission tomography and MRI modalities typically requires using either conventional MRI with a MR‐compatible positron emission tomography system or a modified MR system with conventional positron emission tomography. A feature of field‐cycled MRI is that all magnetic fields can be turned off rapidly, enabling the use of conventional positron emission tomography detectors based on photomultiplier tubes. In this demonstration, two photomultiplier tube‐based positron emission tomography detectors were integrated with a field‐cycled MRI system (0.3 T/4 MHz) by placing them into a 9‐cm axial gap. A positron emission tomography‐MRI phantom consisting of a triangular arrangement of positron‐emitting point sources embedded in an onion was imaged in a repeating interleaved sequence of ∼1 sec MRI then 1 sec positron emission tomography. The first multimodality images from the combined positron emission tomography and field‐cycled MRI system show no additional artifacts due to interaction between the systems and demonstrate the potential of this approach to combining positron emission tomography and MRI. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fluoroquinolones influence the intracellular calcium handling in individuals susceptible to malignant hyperthermia
Authors: Metterlein Thomas , Schuster Frank , Tadda Lukas , Hager Martin , Muldoon Sheila , Capacchione John , Roewer Norbert , Anetseder Martin 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIntroduction:The mechanisms of fluoroquinolone‐induced myotoxicity are unknown but an involvement of intracellular calcium handling is suspected. An in vitro contracture test used to investigate cellular processes in malignant hyperthermia (MH) can be applied to study the effects of fluoroquinolones.Methods:With approval of the local ethics committee, muscle biopsies of 18 MH susceptible (MHS) and 12 MHS non‐susceptible (MHN) pigs were performed. Individual bundles were mounted on an isometric force transducer, preloaded, and electrically stimulated. After equilibration they were exposed to ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin. The measured baseline tension was analyzed (Wilcoxon test: P < 0.05).Results:There were no differences in weight, length, or predrug tension between the groups. Both levofloxacin an ciprofloxacin induced significant contractures in MHS muscle bundles but not in MHN.Conclusions:Fluoroquinolones appear to have a pathological influence on intracellular calcium handling. A pre‐existing impairment of the calcium homeostasis, however, seems to be necessary for this behavior. Muscle Nerve, 2011
Response to treatment in patients with lewis–sumner syndrome
Authors: Attarian Shahram , Verschueren Annie , Franques Jérome , Salort‐Campana Emmanuelle , Jouve Elisabeth , Pouget Jean 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIntroduction:Our aim was to document the classification of Lewis–Sumner syndrome (L‐SS) based on the response to treatment and the pattern of progression over time.Methods:We retrospectively identified 15 patients with L‐SS treated for at least 12 months.Results:After 1 year, intravenous immunoglobulin was effective in 7 patients, 6 were stable, and 2 worsened. After 5 years, 5 patients had improved, and 3 were stable. These 8 patients needed repeated treatment, and 2 patients gradually worsened. Two patients worsened dramatically after steroid treatment. In 3 patients the neuropathy progressed to the other limbs and developed into an asymmetric polyneuropathy. In 12 other patients the pattern remained multifocal and asymmetric.Conclusions:The possibility of decline resulting from corticosteroids, and the fact that no neurological progression toward a diffuse pattern was observed in the majority of patients suggests that L‐SS is a different entity from chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. Muscle Nerve, 2011
Multiple cranial neuropathy variant of guillain–barré syndrome: A case series
Authors: Wang Qingsong , Xiang Yang , Yu Ke , Li Congyang , Wang Jun , Xiao Li 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIntroduction:Prompt identification of the rare cranial variant of Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is crucial, but the clinical characteristics remain poorly defined.Methods:We conducted a retrospective review of 12 GBS patients hospitalized from 1995 to 2009 with multiple cranial nerve (CN) impairment at disease onset.Results:Eight patients had impairment of CN IX and X; 3 of CN VII; and 1 of CN VII, IX, and X. All patients had areflexia or hyporeflexia, 6 had Lasegue sign, and 5 required tracheostomy and mechanical ventilation. All patients had cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) albuminocytologic dissociation within 2–3 weeks after onset. Electrophysiological studies showed motor conduction velocity and F‐wave abnormalities in 10 of 12 and 10 of 11 patients, respectively. Treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin was effective.Conclusions:Bilateral CN IX, X, and/or VII impairment with areflexia or hyporeflexia, early abnormal F‐wave response, nerve conduction abnormalities, and CSF albuminocytologic dissociation support a diagnosis of this GBS cranial variant. Muscle Nerve, 2011
Fast truncation of mode ranks for bilinear tensor operations
Authors: Savostyanov D. V. , Tyrtyshnikov E. E. , Zamarashkin N. L. 
Published: February 2011

SUMMARYWe propose a fast algorithm for mode rank truncation of the result of a bilinear operation on 3‐tensors given in the Tucker or canonical form. If the arguments and the result have mode sizes n and mode ranks r, the computation costs (nr3 + r4). The algorithm is based on the cross approximation of Gram matrices, and the accuracy of the resulted Tucker approximation is limited by square root of the machine precision. We apply the proposed algorithms for the evaluation of the Hadamard square of the electron density and demonstrate that it outperforms previously used methods for this purpose. We also check the accuracy of the resulted Tucker approximation and show that one iteration of the Tucker‐ALS method improves it almost up to the machine precision. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An efficient algorithm for clustered integer least squares problems
Authors: Chun Joohwan , Park Jaehyun 
Published: February 2011

SUMMARYThe integer least squares problem is known to be NP‐hard, and the algorithms such as the sphere decoding algorithm, which give the optimal solution, are usually too slow. To obtain a solution efficiently one may use one of the suboptimal algorithms such as the ordered successive interference cancellation (OSIC) algorithm or the LLL‐aided OSIC algorithm that first modifies the system of equations using the LLL algorithm due to Lenstra, Lenstra, and Lovász. However, these suboptimal algorithms still may not be fast enough depending on the applications. In this paper we present two decoupling techniques to speed‐up the LLL‐aided OSIC algorithm. Our LLL‐aided decoupled OSIC algorithm, which is applicable to clustered integer least squares problems, has the accuracy comparable to the ordinary LLL‐aided OSIC algorithm (without decoupling), but is much faster than the OSIC algorithm or the LLL‐aided OSIC algorithm. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Energy‐momentum consistent algorithms for dynamic thermomechanical problems—Application to mortar domain decomposition problems
Authors: Hesch Christian , Betsch Peter 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAn energy‐momentum consistent integrator for non‐linear thermoelastodynamics is newly developed and extended to domain decomposition problems. The energy‐momentum scheme is based on the first law of thermodynamics for strongly coupled, non‐linear thermoelastic problems. In contrast to staggered algorithms, a monolithic approach, which solves the mechanical as well as the thermal part simultaneously, is introduced. The approach is thermodynamically consistent in the sense that the first law of thermodynamics is fulfilled. Furthermore, a domain decomposition method for the thermoelastic system is developed based on previous developments in the context of the mortar method. The excellent performance of the new approach is illustrated in representative numerical examples. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relationship of health locus of control to lifestyle change programs
Authors: Jordan‐Marsh Maryalice , Neutra Raymond 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe relationship of health locus of control (HLC) scores to changes in physical parameters of 339 participants in a lifestyle change program was examined. Physical parameters included weight, blood pressure, low density lipoproteins, triglycerides, and the ratio between cholesterol and high density lipoproteins. Data were collected on admission and on completion of the 24‐day residential program, and at a 6‐month followup. There were significant changes in HLC scores (p < .001) from admission to discharge. Weight changes at 6 months were positively correlated with admission HLC composite scores (p < .01) and chance dimension (p < .05) scores. There were negative correlations at 6 months between admission powerful other scores and changes in triglycerides (p < .01) and changes in the ratio of cholesterol and high density lipids (p < .01).
An approach to modifying self‐report instruments
Authors: Holm Karyn , Kavanagh Jack 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe Rasch model, a simple latent trait model was applied to responses to a 21‐item self‐report instrument. Items were assigned values reflective of interval scale measurement. To modify the instrument, items below the calibrated mean were eliminated. The proposed revision contains fewer items with known scale values and only those items that are the strongest indicants of the variable in question. The present work suggests that the Rasch and similar models are useful for increasing the measurement properties of self‐report instruments.