bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ENCLAVE EMPLOYMENT AT VIRGINIA COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY GROUNDS DEPARTMENTS
Authors: Dobbs Gerald S. , Relf Paula Diane 
Published: April 2024

In 1991 and 1992, two surveys were developed and sent to 87 Virginia colleges and universities to ascertain the most effective method of employing individuals with mental disabilities within their grounds departments. There were 62 (71%) responses to the surveys. The surveys show that 21 (34%) colleges and universities have employed or currently employ individuals with mental disabilities within their grounds departments (total of 67 individuals). Currently, 11 (18%) college and university grounds departments employ 27 individuals with mental disabilities. Of these, four colleges and universities employ 20 (74%) as members of enclaves.There were 25 individuals previously or currently employed as members of an enclave; 20 (80%) were still employed in 1992. There were 42 individuals previously or currently employed as individual employees by the grounds departments; 7 (16%) were still employed in 1992. Based on these surveys, the enclave model of employment appears to be the most successful for continued employment of individuals with mental disabilities within Virginia college and university grounds departments.
PHENOMENOLOGICAL INTERVIEWING: A USEFUL RESEARCH TOOL FOR THE HORTICULTURE INDUSTRY
Authors: Wilson Susan L. 
Published: April 2024

Many research methods are available for horticulturists to use in obtaining information about a target audience. Most methods used (eg. surveys and questionnaires) are quantitative in nature in that they provide numerical data on statistical generalizable patterns.Phenomenological interviewing is a qualitative research method which allows investigators, through open-ended interview questions, to obtain more in-depth data than traditional quantitative techniques. This research method allows investigators to understand and capture the points of view of the participants without predetermining those points of view through prior selection of questionnaire or survey categories. This research approach is used extensively in the social sciences and has implications for those working in horticulture.To provide an understanding of the phenomenological interviewing approach as it could be used in horticulture, examples from a pilot study done on visitors to the University of Tennessee Research Gardens will be provided.
LEAF, STEM, AND FLOWER CHARACTERISTICS OF ROSA HYBRIDA L. UNDER DIFFERENT CO2 CONCENTRATIONS
Authors: Meinke Troy T. , Hopper Douglas A. , Story Virginia S. 
Published: April 2024

Two greenhouses received ambient CO2 and two were enriched between 1000 and 1200 ppm CO2 when vents were closed. Two-year-old Rosa hybrida L. `Royalty', `Emblem', and `Samantha' plants growing in each house were pinched 20 Oct. and 28 Dec. 1992 for Christmas and Valentine's Day crops. All temperature set points were 22C/17C day/night. At flowering, 5 shoots from each bench location were destructively sampled for stem diameter, stem length, and fresh and dry weights of stem, leaves, and flower bud.At flowering for the Christmas 1992 crop, shoots in the enriched houses tended to have larger stem, leaf, and flower fresh weights, and larger stem diameters. Analysis of variance found stem lengths of combined cultivars to be longer (p < .05) in the CO2 enriched houses. Mean stem lengths were 68.8 cm and 63.9 cm for flower stems in CO2 enriched and ambient houses, respectively. Dry weight data from the Christmas crop, and results from the 1993 Valentine's crop will be presented.
SIMULATED TRANSPORT AND POSTPRODUCTION OF LILIES
Authors: Nell Terril A. , De Hertogh A. A. , Leonard Ria T. , Barrett James E. 
Published: April 2024

Simulated transport (ST) of `Aristocrat', `Polka' and `Horizon' flowering Lilies was conducted at 2, 7 or 13C for 3, 6 or 9 days, then plants were held at 21±2C at 10 μmol ·s-1 ·m-2 for postproduction evaluations. Number of open flowers was reduced for `Polka' at ST of 9 days at 13C, while `Aristocrat' and `Horizon' were unaffected. Differences in individual flower longevity were found between the first and last open flowers. First open flower longevity was reduced by ST of 9 days and last open flower longevity was reduced by ST of 7 and 13C for both `Polka' and `Horizon'. ST for 9 days at 13C increased flower diameter and decreased whole plant longevity.Exp. 2. Postproduction evaluation of `Stargazer' and `Aristocrat' were conducted using 18, 19.5 or 21C at 8 or 16 μmol ·s-1 ·m-2. Number of open flowers was unaffected by treatments, while flower longevity and whole plant longevity were greatest at 18C.
THINNING OF “EMPIRE” APPLE WITH BENZYLADENINE
Authors: Emongor V.E. , Proctor J.T.A. , Lougheed E.C. , Murr D.P. 
Published: April 2024

In a two-year trial using mature Empire/M.27 apple trees, application of 100 or 200 mg·l-1 benzyladenine (BA) as dilute sprays 16 or 22 days after full bloom (DAFB) thinned to 6 or 5 fruit cm-1 limb circumference. BA reduced fruit set by 50% and proportionately increased trunk cross-sectional area growth. BA increased return bloom, total shoot growth and shoot number cm-1 limb circumference, but decreased mean shoot length. At harvest, fruit from thinned trees were significantly greater in weight, diameter, length and L/D ratio, but fruit colour and harvest maturity was unaffected. Firmness and soluble solids (TSS) of fruit from thinned trees were higher than control at harvest and following storage at 0-0.5°C and 90-95% RH. BA-treated fruit exhibited reduced respiration rate and ethylene production, and exhibited no storage disorders.Application of 500 or 1000 mg 1-1 BA 4 weeks before harvest to mature Empire and McIntosh/M.27 apple trees was performed to determine if late BA application could reduce the loss of fruit firmness that occurs upon storage, especially in McIntosh. BA-treated fruit of both cultivars, were firmer at harvest and following storage in air for up to 4 months. Fruit TSS were unaffected.
Flood hazard analysis in Mumbai using geospatial and multi-criteria decision-making techniques
Authors: Solanki Yash Parshottambhai , Kumar Vijendra , Sharma Kul Vaibhav , Deshmukh Arpan , Tiwari Deepak Kumar 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
Flood risk assessment remains a crucial element, particularly within locations highly susceptible to repeated flood occurrences. This study seeks to conduct an elaborate flood risk analysis for Mumbai, India based on an integrated method of geographic information systems and analytic hierarchy process (AHP). In this study, land use/land cover, average annual rainfall, elevation, drainage density, normalized difference vegetation index, distance from rivers as well as distance from roads are identified and considered. For this reason, the expert survey utilizes the AHP weights so as to find out the significance of these factors towards flooding danger. Investigations show a flood risk index and a corresponding map for Mumbai, where all areas are divided into risk zones very low to very high. Very high risks are particularly situated along rivers. Such details offer critical knowledge to policymakers who will undertake informed emergency preparedness measures designed to shield Mumbai's citizens and assets. Therefore, this research is considered as one of the modern techniques for flood risk assessment, which can be applied in other flood-affected areas worldwide.
Quantifying the influence of climate change on streamflow of Rietspruit sub-basin, South Africa
Authors: Banda Vincent Dzulani , Dzwairo Rimuka Bloodless , Singh Sudhir Kumar , Kanyerere Thokozani 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

This study integrated climate projections from five global climate models (GCMs) into the soil and water assessment tool to evaluate the potential impact of climate alterations on the Rietspruit River sub-basin under two representative concentration pathways (RCP4.5 and 8.5). The model's performance was evaluated based on the coefficient of determination (R2), percent bias (PBIAS), Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), probability (P)-factor and correlation coefficient (R)-factor. Calibration results showed an R2 of 0.62, NSE of 0.60, PBIAS of 20, P-factor of 0.86 and R-factor of 0.91, while validation produced an R2 of 0.64, NSE of 0.61, PBIAS of 40, P-factor of 0.85 and R-factor of 1.22. Precipitation is predicted to increase under both RCPs. Maximum temperature is projected to increase under both RCPs, with a major increase in the winter months. Minimum temperatures are projected to decrease under RCP4.5 in the near (−0.99 °C) and mid (−0.23 °C) futures, while the far future is projected to experience an increase of 0.14 °C. Precipitation and temperature changes correspond to increases in streamflow by an average of 53% (RCP4.5) and 47% (RCP8.5). These results indicate a need for an integrated approach in catchment water resource management amid potential climate and land use variations.
A Systematic Patent Review (2008-2023) for Treatment in Pregnancy
Authors: Pereira Kélle Velasques , Pacheco Camila Oliveira , Alves Izabel Almeida , Haas Sandra Elisa 
Published: April 2024

Introduction:
During pregnancy, the woman’s body undergoes anatomical
and physiological changes, making this period susceptible to maternal-fetal diseases and
complications. The consequences of not treating pregnant women include premature
birth, low birth weight fetuses, and postnatal behavior disorders. Developing new therapies
can accelerate the discovery of safe and effective drugs, contributing to designing
novel natural and synthetic products to treat complications the pregnancy.

Objective:
This study aimed to carry out a patent review to identify and explore trends
in innovation and therapeutic strategies for treating pregnant women.

Methods:
The Espacenet and WIPO databases were used, with the inclusion criteria being
the keywords “pregnancy and drug” and code A61k, from 2008 to 2023, and as exclusion
were the access to the patent and focus on human pregnant women.

Results:
After the final screening, 32 patents were selected, with strategies for the treatment
of diseases in pregnant women. Of these, 20 patents are on preclinical studies on
animals and 12 on pregnant women. It was observed that universities lead the ranking of
applications (17/32), and China has the highest number of patents (18/32). Most findings
contain herbal medicines and/or the association of natural extracts with synthetic
drugs.

Conclusion:
From this perspective, new drug administration systems were also developed,
which can be a promising source for obtaining new medicines for the treatment of
pregnant women; however, research is still limited and shows a gap in stimulating the
rapid development of safe drugs that improve the health of pregnant women.
Design and Biological Evaluation of Cephalosporin Based Metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) Inhibitors
Authors: Patel Shaan , Jadav Pradip , Bahekar Rajesh , Nagaswamy Kumargurubaran , Viswanathan Kasinath , Vyas Purvi , Giri Poonam , Sachchidanand S. , Jain Mukul 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Prevalence of microbial resistance due to Metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) enzyme pose a serious threat to human life. MBLs depend on active site zinc for their hydrolytic activity; hence, the investigation of zinc chelators emerged as an attractive strategy for the development of
potent MBL inhibitors.

Methods:
To prove that such chelators selectively target MBLs, in the present investigation, novel
cephalosporins based MBL inhibitors (Cef-MBLi) were designed as a conjugate of cephalosporins
with a potent zinc binder 8-thioquinoline (8-TQ).

Results:
Cef-MBLi showed site specific release of conjugate only in the presence of a Veronaintegron encoded metallo-β-lactamase 2 (VIM-2) bacterial enzyme through hydrolytic cleavage
mechanism. A total of 6 (4a-e and 6f) New Chemical Entities (NCE’s) were prepared, characterized
and subjected for in vitro study.

Conclusion:
Among tested NCE’s, 4c showed potent MBL inhibitory activity against the VIM-2
enzyme.
Fluorometric Determination of Fe3+ Ions using Carbon Dots Prepared from the Extract of Singapore Cherry
Authors: Dhanapalan Sangeetha , Magesh Vasanth , Atchudan Raji , Arya Sandeep , Nallaswamy Deepak , Sundramoorthy Ashok K. 
Published: April 2024

Background:
The development of affordable and ecologically acceptable technologies
for heavy metal detection and removal is required due to the rising levels of water and soil
pollution. Carbon Dots (CDs) have emerged as a promising nanomaterial for heavy metal detection
due to their unique properties. In this study, we report a simple and eco-friendly method to
produce CDs using Muntingia calabura fruit extract as a precursor.

Methods:
The hydrothermal method produced a well-defined size, structure, and optical properties
of CDs, which were analyzed by using various characterization techniques, including Field
Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy
(EDS), Elemental mapping (E-map), UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier
Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, and Transmission
Electron Microscopy (TEM). Additionally, Zeta potential and DLS analysis were used to
characterize the CDs.

Results:
As-synthesized CDs exhibited strong fluorescence emission, making them suitable for
the selective determination of Fe3+ ions. The detection limit was found to be 3.6 μM for Fe3+
ions, which highlighted the potential application of as-prepared CDs in environmental monitoring.

Conclusion:
The green synthesized CDs from Muntingia calabura fruit extract provided a sustainable
approach for developing efficient nanoprobes for detecting Fe3+ ions in environmental
and biological samples.
Cell-Derived Allograft Models as a Solution to the Obstacles of Preclinical Studies under Limited Resources: A Systematic Review on Experimental Lung Cancer Animal Models
Authors: Mahendra Isa , Kurniawan Ahmad , Febrian Muhamad Basit , Halimah Iim , Rizaludin Asep , Syarif Dani Gustaman 
Published: April 2024

Background:
The use of appropriate animal models for cancer studies is a major challenge,
particularly for investigators who lack the resources to maintain and use xenograft animals or
genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM). In addition, several countries intending to incorporate
these models must conduct importation procedures, posing an additional challenge.

Objective:
This review aimed to explore the use of cell-derived allograft or syngeneic models under
limited resources. The results can be used by investigators, specifically from low-middle-income
countries, to contribute to lung cancer eradication.

Methods:
A literature search was carried out on various databases, including PubMed, Web of Science,
and Scopus. In addition, the publication year of the selected articles was set between 2013 and
2023 with different search components (SC), namely lung cancer (SC1), animal models (SC2), and
preclinical studies (SC3).

Results:
This systematic review focused on selecting animals, cells, and methods that could be applied
to generating allograft-type lung cancer animal models from 101 included articles.

Conclusion:
Based on the results, the use of cell-derived allograft models in cancer studies is feasible
and relevant, and it provides valuable insights regarding the conditions with limited resources.
Assessment of the External Social Activity of Russian Insurers at the Present Stage of Insurance Market Development
Authors: Stepanova M. N. 
Published: April 2024

The relevance of the research is associated with the task of more active promotion of the principles and ideas of corporate social responsibility in the insurance community. It is mediated by the duty of involvement of representatives of all types of business in the formation of a civilized social developed public space in Russia.The purpose is to assess the degree of external social activity of Russian insurers at the current stage of development of the insurance market.Objectives: establish the share of insurance companies participating in external socially oriented projects and events; identify the most common forms of their external social activity; assess the level of awareness of potential recipients of insurance services about the participation of insurers in socially oriented events, identify their attitude to such practices.Methodology. The research is based on a content analysis of the factual material of invariant sources and the results of a sociological survey. The fulfillment of the tasks was ensured by referring to general scientific methods of generalization, interpretation of data and their analysis.Results. The share of insurers involved in the implementation of socially oriented projects and activities is currently extremely small. Only 20% of insurance organizations demonstrate consistent active external social activities; there are few large-scale projects. The most common objects of social response are sports, culture and the interests of the population in need of social protection. The awareness of the population about such practices is extremely low and, as noted by the majority of respondents, is able to influence the attitude towards the insurance organization, but not so much that it affects the formed partnerships in the field of insurance.Conclusions. The insurance market demonstrates the passivity of most insurance organizations in participating in the social life of society, going beyond the problems of minimizing risks. Quite often, involvement in the trend of conducting socially responsible business is only declared. The task is to increase the social activity of insurers not only as an ethical aspect of their presence in the socio-economic space, but also as a way to meet the expectations of potential recipients of insurance services and society as a whole.
Economic Factors of the Socio-Environmental Agenda in the ESG Concept
Authors: Pokrovskaia N. N. , Molodkova E. B. , Snisarenko S. O. , Onufrieva A. M. 
Published: April 2024

Relevance. The rationalization of complex social ties of economic activities has given rise to the concept of balanced provision of comfortable living conditions, protection of the natural and cultural environment, meeting the needs of private business maximizing efficiency. The society requires to assess discrepancies between the priorities of economic factors and the generally accepted ESG green agenda.Purpose. To conduct a theoretical and conceptual analysis of the parameters of socio-ecological problems of economy, identify priority groups of criteria for choosing models of individual, institutional, country socio-ecological behavior.Objectives: Determine the conceptual framework for the evolution of approaches to the social and environmental agenda, conduct a study of the specifics of social and environmental assessments of the behavior of subjects, identify groups of factors in the dynamics of the carbon intensity of the economy, including the production and consumption of carbon intensive goods.Methodology. The methodological approach included an analysis of the dynamics of the concepts from environmental protection to the social and environmental component of the corporate strategy and the argument of market communication at the micro-level, from the millennium goals to the sustainable development of supranational communities; retrospective analysis of national volumes of CO2 emissions; methods of grouping, classification, graphical interpretation of the results of a comparative analysis to identify the evolution of the socio-ecological behavior of states.Results. An analysis of the statistical data on carbon dioxide emissions from a number of countries, taking into account consumption, showed an underestimated share of the economic "center" (USA, European Union) in emissions and an overestimation of the "periphery" countries (China, India). The use of a socio-ecological instrument of market promotion and squeezing out competitors reflects the predominance of economic factors in the behavior of organizational institutionalized economic entities. An analysis of the results of public opinion surveys confirms the discrepancy between the commitment to reasonable consumption declared by buyers and the real significance of cost-price factors of choice.Conclusions. The study of the declared and implemented socio-ecological model of individual, corporate, country behavior showed the predominance of economic factors in the implementation of the ESG approach by individuals, enterprises, and states. Actually implemented behavioral strategies are determined by the dominance of economic factors in the choice of models of individual, corporate, territorial (national, regional) socio-ecological behavior, along with the stated balancing of environmental, socio-cultural, economic factors (ESG).
The Economic Aspect of the Image of Well-Being of the Kursk Region: Comparative Analysis of Statistical Indicators of the Chernozem Regions
Authors: Vetrova O. A. , Krasilnikova T. D. 
Published: April 2024

The relevance of the topic of the article is due to the uneven level of economic development among the regions of the Chernozem region. The need for a comparative analysis of economic factors of well-being is associated with determining the best indicators among the regions, and identifying the Kursk region's place in this rating.The purpose of the article is the economic characteristics of the well-being of the Chernozem regions and their comparative analysis.Objectives: to consider the theoretical aspects of the formation of the image of well-being; to consider the system of economic indicators that make up the image of well-being; to provide statistical data for the Kursk region, as well as for other regions of the Chernozem region (Voronezh, Lipetsk, Tambov, Belgorod regions); to conduct a comparative analysis of the obtained indicators for the regions of the Chernozem region.Methodology. The study was carried out on the basis of a systematic approach within the framework of structural-functionalism using universal scientific methods such as analysis, synthesis, generalization, as well as the method of correlation analysis.Results. In the course of the study, criteria were identified, on the basis of which we derived economic parameters by which well-being was measured. Further, statistical data were collected according to the selected parameters, with which computational manipulations were carried out, in particular, the dynamics index was calculated. The data were analyzed and compared by region.Conclusions. Economic indicators, among which we used the levels of GRP, unemployment and employment, showed an ambiguous picture in which the Kursk region occupies a median position in a number of regions of the Black Earth region, having average indicators and growth rates of indicators. However, the unemployment rate of the Kursk region, considered in dynamics, allows us to judge higher rates of unemployment decline, which is good for the region, but does not give grounds to call the Kursk region more or less prosperous in comparison with the rest.