bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le musée du Svalbard: le musée le plus septentrional du monde
Authors: Hagevik Ellen Marie 
Published: July 2010

C'est an nord du 78e parallèle, à un millier de kilometres du pôle Nord, que se trouve le musée le plus septentrional du monde. Il est situé sur l'archipel du Svalbard, à Longyearbyen, dans un univers par bien des aspects très particulier. Quoique l'archipel soit au nord du cercle polaire arctique, la mer qui le baigne reste libre pendant la majeure partie de l'année; c'est depuis 1920 une possession norvégienne, mais les quarante pays signataires du traité du Svalbard disposent des mêmes droits en matière d'activité économique et d'exploitation des ressources. Un tiers seulement des 3700 habitants de l'archipel sont norvégiens.Il n'y a pas d'aborigènes sur ces îles, dont les côtes glaciales n'ont accueilli que des migrants venus y chercher fortune. Aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles, c'était pour chasser la baleine et le phoque, et les îles fourmillaient de pêcheurs hollandais, britanniques, russes et scandinaves. Depuis le début du XXe siècle, c'est la houille qui fait la richesse du Svalbard. Et aujourd'hui s'annonce un autre groupe de migrants, depuis que l'industrie du tourisme a compris que les paysages encore vierges peuvent valoir de l'or.La plupart des gens viennent au Svalbard pour travailler, et leur séjour est éphémère. La rotation de la population est rapide, la mémoire locale est courte. Qu'est‐ce qui pouvait mieux qu'un musée favoriser cette mémoire? Ellen Marie Hagevik, journaliste et photographe norvégienne résidant au Svalbard brosse le portrait d'une institution unique en son genre et de son directeur peu ordinaire.
A System of Generalized Mixed Equilibrium Problems and Fixed Point Problems for Pseudocontractive Mappings in Hilbert Spaces
Authors: Kumam Poom , Jaiboon Chaichana 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe introduce and analyze a new iterative algorithm for finding a common element of the set of fixed points of strict pseudocontractions, the set of common solutions of a system of generalized mixed equilibrium problems, and the set of common solutions of the variational inequalities with inverse-strongly monotone mappings in Hilbert spaces. Furthermore, we prove new strong convergence theorems for a new iterative algorithm under some mild conditions. Finally, we also apply our results for solving convex feasibility problems in Hilbert spaces. The results obtained in this paper improve and extend the corresponding results announced by Qin and Kang (2010) and the previously known results in this area.
Feasibility of Circumferential Pulmonary Vein Isolation Using a Novel Endoscopic Ablation System
Authors: Schmidt Boris , Metzner Andreas , Chun Kyoung Ryul Julian , Leftheriotis Dionysios , Yoshiga Yasuhiro , Fuernkranz Alexander , Neven Kars , Tilz Roland Richard , Wissner Erik , Ouyang Feifan , Kuck Karl-Heinz 
Published: July 2010

Background—
Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is an established treatment option for patients with drug refractory paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. A novel compliant endoscopic ablation system housing a 980-nm-diode laser allows for discrete point-by-point ablation enabling a true circumferential ablation line design. We sought to determine the feasibility and safety of a circumferential ablation using endoscopic ablation system.

Methods and Results—

Thirty patients (17 female; mean age, 58±9 years) with a median paroxysmal atrial fibrillation history of 3 years (range, 1 to 17 years) were treated. PVI was achieved in 114 of 116 (98%) PVs (4 left common PVs), thereby achieving simultaneous PVI for separate ipsilateral PVs in 19 of 26 (73%) left PVs and 6 of 30 (20%) right PVs. The total procedure time was 250±62 minutes. Procedure time decreased from 310±59 to 220±37 minutes (
P
=0.0001) between the first 10 and the last 20 cases. Mean fluoroscopy time was 30±18 minutes. Twenty-seven patients underwent postoperative endoscopy showing no or minimal thermal lesions in the esophagus in 21 (78%) and 2 (7%), respectively. In 4 (15%) patients, an esophageal ulceration was found that healed without sequelae. One pericardial tamponade and 1 right-sided phrenic nerve palsy occurred. During a median follow-up of 168 days (113 to 203 days; q1-q3), 24 of 30 patients (80%) remained free of atrial fibrillation recurrence.

Conclusions—
Circumferential PVI using the novel compliant endoscopic ablation system was feasible in the majority of left PVs and minority of right PVs accompanied by a complication rate comparable to established approaches. To minimize the risk for thermal esophageal injury temperature monitoring is recommended.
Mechanisms of aberrant GATA3 expression in classical Hodgkin lymphoma and its consequences for the cytokine profile of Hodgkin and Reed/Sternberg cells
Authors: Stanelle Jens , Döring Claudia , Hansmann Martin-Leo , Küppers Ralf 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The transcription factor network in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) represents a unique composition of proteins found in no other hematopoietic cell. Among these factors, an aberrant expression of the T-cell transcription factor GATA3 is observed in B cell–derived Hodgkin and Reed/Sternberg (HRS) tumor cells. Herein, we elucidate the regulation and function of this factor in HL. We demonstrate binding of NFκB and Notch-1, 2 factors with deregulated activity in HL to GATA3 promoter elements. Interference with NFκB and Notch-1 activity led to decreased GATA3 expression, indicating a dependency of deregulated GATA3 expression on these transcription factors. Down-regulation of GATA3 in HL cell lines demonstrated its role in the regulation of IL-5, IL-13, STAT4, and other genes. A correlation between GATA3 and IL-13 expression was confirmed for HRS cells in HL tissues. Thus, GATA3 shapes the cytokine expression and signaling that is typical of HL. Conclusively, aberrant GATA3 expression in HRS cells is stimulated by the deregulated constitutive activity of NFκB and Notch-1, indicating a complex network of deregulated transcription factors in these cells. GATA3 activity significantly contributes to the typical cytokine secretion of and signaling in HRS cells, which presumably plays an essential role in HL pathogenesis.
Construction of the ABC Ring System of Taxanes via Stereoselective One-Pot Three-Component Coupling and Intramolecular Alkylation of a Protected Cyanohydrin Ether
Authors: Serizawa Takayuki , Miyamoto Shigeru , Fuse Shinichiro , Doi Takayuki , Takahashi Takashi 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Construction of the ABC ring system of taxanes via one-pot three-component coupling and intramolecular alkylation is accomplished. The 1,4-addition of a protected cyanohydrin ether to 2-methyl-2-cyclohexenone and subsequent addition of the resulting enolate to formaldehyde proceeded stereoselectively to provide the AC ring in 90% yield. The stereoselective reduction of the 2-keto group was achieved by using hydroxy-directed hydride reduction with LiAlH4. The intramolecular alkylation of the protected cyanohydrin ether furnished the ABC ring system of taxanes in 43% yield.
Fast Guest Exchange of a 1:1 Zinc Porphyrin–Amine Host–Guest Complex via a Six-Coordinated Zinc Porphyrin
Authors: Hitomi Yutaka , Ohyama Junya , Takegoshi Minori , Ando Akira , Funabiki Takuzo , Kodera Masahito , Tanaka Tsunehiro 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
A novel zinc porphyrin receptor has been synthesized that has two identical binding pockets surrounded by six phenyl rings on both sides of the porphyrin plane. The binding of amine guests to the zinc porphyrin receptor was studied by UV–vis titration experiments. Among the amine guests, 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) showed the highest binding affinity (ΔG = −36.6 kJ mol−1 at 298 K in toluene) thanks to close contacts of DABCO with the aromatic walls of the binding pocket. The binding of DABCO was further investigated by dynamic NMR experiments. DABCO was tightly bound in one binding pocket when less than 1 equivalent of DABCO was added, but it started a rapid exchange between the two binding pockets when exceeding 1 equivalent.
Improvement in the Durability of Carbon Nanotube-Supported Ruthenium Catalysts by Coverage with Silica Layers
Authors: Arike Takafumi , Takenaka Sakae , Matsune Hideki , Kishida Masahiro 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Carbon nanotube-supported Ru (Ru/CNT) catalysts were covered with silica layers to inhibit the aggregation of Ru particles as well as the detachment of Ru particles from the CNTs during catalytic reactions. Coverage of the Ru/CNT with silica was performed by the successive hydrolysis of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and tetraethoxysilane in the presence of CNT-supported Ru metal precursors, followed by reduction with hydrogen at 623 K. The diameter of the Ru particles in the silica-coated Ru/CNT ranged from 1 to 3 nm. The Ru particles and the CNTs in the silica-coated catalysts were uniformly covered with silica layers a few nanometers thick. The size of the Ru particles in the silica-coated catalysts did not change appreciably after treatment at 873 K, while the metal particles in the Ru/CNT were seriously aggregated after treatment at 873 K. The silica-coated Ru/CNT catalyzed the CO hydrogenation and the 1-hexene hydrogenation, despite the coverage of Ru particles with silica. In addition, the silica-coated Ru catalysts showed high durability toward Ru detachment from the CNTs during the repeated hydrogenation of 1-hexene, whereas the catalysts without silica layers were deactivated because of Ru detachment. Therefore, coverage of the Ru/CNT catalysts with silica layers prevented the deactivation of the catalysts.
Turn-on Detection of Targeted Biochemical Reactions by Triple Resonance NMR Analysis Using Isotope-labeled Probe
Authors: Mizusawa Keigo , Igarashi Ryuji , Uehira Kosei , Takafuji Yoshimasa , Tabata Yasuhiko , Tochio Hidehito , Shirakawa Masahiro , Sando Shinsuke , Aoyama Yasuhiro 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
We report on a strategy for the “turn-on” detection of target biochemical (metabolic) reactions using a triple resonance NMR technique with an isotope-labeled probe. Our NMR study clearly reveals that otherwise NMR-nonactive-13C/2H-labeled glucose actually turns “on” its 1H NMR signal by conversion to an important biomarker lactate as the end product of anaerobic glycolysis in cells and in injected mice with high selectivity.
Preparation of Dispersible Chitosan Particles with Borate Crosslinking for Antimicrobial and Antifungal Application
Authors: Nagaoka Shoji , Saita Kanako , Kobayashi Seitaro , Horikawa Maki , Shirosaki Tomohiro , Takafuji Makoto , Ihara Hirotaka 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
This paper introduces a facile preparation method using chitosan lactate with borate crosslinking for creation of dispersible chitosan submicron spheres and its excellent antimicrobial and antifungal activities.
Aqueous Synthesis of Highly Luminescent Amorphous CdSe Quantum Dots at Low Temperature
Authors: Song Lianxiang , Duan Junling , Zhan Jinhua 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Highly defect-related luminescent aqueous CdSe quantum dots (QDs) were successfully synthesized by using sulfanylsuccinic acid (SSA) as capping ligands at low temperature by water bath. The photoluminescence quantum yields (PL QYs) of as-prepared CdSe QDs could reach up to 30%. XRD and HRTEM characterization suggest an amorphous state.
A New Static Strength Test for Characterization of Rutting of Dense-Graded Asphalt Mixtures
Authors: Kim Kwang W. , Amirkhanian Serji N. , Kim Hyun H. , Lee Moonsup , Doh Yong S. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
A new static-test protocol was developed for measuring the deformation resistance of asphalt mixtures at high temperature, 60°C. A round edge loading head was used for estimating rut-related performance by statically pressing a specimen at the flat top center. The value measured by this test is considered as a strength against deformation or deformation strength and designated as “SD.” The SD has shown a high correlation with the rut depths of wheel tracking (WT) and the asphalt pavement analyzer (APA) tests. In this study, the feasibility of utilizing this test method to predict the rutting potential of asphalt mixtures is shown. Stiffness (G∗/sin δ) test data for asphalt binders, two rutting tests’ (WT and APA) data, and SD data for various laboratory mixtures were used in this evaluation. More than 50 field mixtures were also used for APA and SD tests. Correlation analyses showed that the SD had very high correlation with the stiffness of the binder (R2=0.9), with rut depth of WT (R2&gt;0.90) and somewhat less with rut depth of APA (R2=0.77). It was concluded that the newly developed test is comparable to WT and APA and that the SD is a property providing a reasonable estimation of rut potential of asphalt mixtures at high temperatures, even though it is a static-test property.
Automatische Diagnose oszillierender Regelkreise in komplexen industriellen Anlagen
Authors: Jelali Mohieddine , Karra Srivinas 
Published: July 2010

Zusammenfassung
Ein besonders häufiges Problem in der Prozessindustrie ist das Auftreten oszillatorischer Verläufe der Signale in Regelkreisen. Diese führen unter anderem zu einer erhöhten Streuung der Produktqualität, zu einem erhöhten Energiebedarf, zu Produktivitätsverlusten sowie zu erhöhtem Komponentenverschleiß. Der Beitrag stellt ein neues Verfahren zur automatischen und umfassenden Diagnose von Oszillationen in ventilgeregelten Prozessen auf der Basis der Identifikation eines Hammerstein-Modells vor. Die beschriebene Diagnoseprozedur ermöglicht nicht nur die Erkennung und Quantifizierung von statischer Reibung (Stiction) in Ventilen, sondern auch die Aufdeckung von Fehlern, wie z. B. aggressiver Reglereinstellung oder externer oszillatorischer Störgrößen.
Automatische formale Verifikation der Fehlertoleranz von Schaltkreisen
Authors: Fey Görschwin , Sülflow André , Frehse Stefan , Drechsler Rolf 
Published: July 2010

Zusammenfassung
Die kontinuierliche Verringerung der Strukturgrößen führt zu einer erhöhten Fehleranfälligkeit von digitalen Schaltungen. Sowohl Produktionsfehler als auch transiente Fehler oder durch Strahlung induzierte Fehler können die Funktionsfähigkeit beeinflussen. Deshalb wird die Untersuchung der Fehlertoleranz im Entwicklungsprozess zunehmend wichtig. In dieser Arbeit wird ein formales Verfahren zur Berechnung der Fehlertoleranz bzgl. kurzzeitig auftretenden Fehlern vorgestellt. Darüber hinaus werden Erweiterungen zur Erhöhung der Genauigkeit, zur Beschleunigung und für die Behandlung von Mehrfachfehlern vorgeschlagen.
Effects of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction on Quadriceps Strength, Function, and Patient-Oriented Outcomes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kim Kyung-Min , Croy Ted , Hertel Jay , Saliba Susan 
Published: July 2010

Study Design Systematic literature review. Objective To perform a systematic review of randomized controlled trials assessing the effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on quadriceps strength, functional performance, and self-reported function after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Background Conflicting evidence exists regarding the effectiveness of NMES following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Methods Searches were performed for randomized controlled trials using electronic databases from 1966 through October 2008. Methodological quality was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database Scale. Between-group effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results Eight randomized controlled trials were included. The average Physiotherapy Evidence Database Scale score was 4 out of possible maximum 10. The effect sizes for quadriceps strength measures (isometric or isokinetic torque) from 7 studies ranged from −0.74 to 3.81 at approximately 6 weeks postoperatively; 6 of 11 comparisons were statistically significant, with strength benefits favoring NMES treatment. The effect sizes for functional performance measures from 1 study ranged from 0.07 to 0.64 at 6 weeks postoperatively; none of 3 comparisons were statistically significant, and the effect sizes for self-reported function measures from 1 study were 0.66 and 0.72 at 12 to 16 weeks postoperatively; both comparisons were statistically significant, with benefits favoring NMES treatment. Conclusion NMES combined with exercise may be more effective in improving quadriceps strength than exercise alone, whereas its effect on functional performance and patient-oriented outcomes is inconclusive. Inconsistencies were noted in the NMES parameters and application of NMES. Level of Evidence Therapy, level 1a-. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2010;40(7):383–391. doi:10.2519/jospt.2010.3184
Waterfall ice: formation, structure and evolution
Authors: Montagnat M. , Weiss J. , Cinquin-Lapierre B. , Labory P.A. , Moreau L. , Damilano F. , Lavigne D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFor the first time, to our knowledge, a scientific study of the formation and evolution of waterfall ice, the ephemeral ice structures that form from the freezing of liquid water seeping on steep rock, was performed. We surveyed and analysed three waterfall ice structures near Glacier d’Argentière, Mont Blanc massif, France, between winter 2007 and spring 2009. We reconstruct the global evolution of two vertical ice structures using automatic digital cameras, while the internal ice microstructure was analysed using ice coring and sampling. Macro- and microstructural observations are considered, along with temperature conditions recorded at a nearby meteorological station and directly within the ice structure. They reveal that vertical structures initially grow rapidly from the aggregation of stalactites with microstructures indicative of temperature conditions during their crystallization. After this initial stage, the volume of the ice structure reaches an asymptotic value, as water continues to flow inside the structure, isolated from the outside cold ice; the outer surface remains dry. At the end of the season, the collapse of the free-standing structure does not occur by progressive melting, but is initiated by a horizontal crack propagation at the top. The initiation of this crack seems to be triggered by a drastic temperature decrease.
Seismic wave attenuation in the uppermost glacier ice of Storglaciären, Sweden
Authors: Gusmeroli Alessio , Clark Roger A. , Murray Tavi , Booth Adam D. , Kulessa Bernd , Barrett Brian E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe conducted seismic refraction surveys in the upper ablation area of Storglaciären, a small valley glacier located in Swedish Lapland. We estimated seismic-wave attenuation using the spectral-ratio method on the energy travelling in the uppermost ice with an average temperature of approximately −1 °C. Attenuation values were derived between 100 and 300 Hz using the P-wave quality factor, QP, the inverse of the internal friction. By assuming constant attenuation along the seismic line we obtained mean QP = 6 ± 1. We also observed that QP varies from 8 ± 1 to 5 ± 1 from the near-offset to the far-offset region of the line, respectively. Since the wave propagates deeper at far offsets, this variation is interpreted by considering the temperature profile of the study area; far-offset arrivals sampled warmer and thus more-attenuative ice. Our estimates are considerably lower than those reported for field studies in polar ice (∼500–1700 at −28°C and 50–160 at −10°C) and, hence, are supportive of laboratory experiments that show attenuation increases with rising ice temperature. Our results provide new in situ estimates of QP for glacier ice and demonstrate a valuable method for future investigations in both alpine and polar ice.
Cryptic Epitopes Induce High-Titer Humoral Immune Response in Patients with Cancer
Authors: Fischer Eliane , Kobold Sebastian , Kleber Sascha , Kubuschok Boris , Braziulis Erik , Knuth Alexander , Renner Christoph , Wadle Andreas 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn search of novel markers for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of cancer, screening of rcDNA expression libraries with patient’s sera has been established as a valuable tool for identification of cancer-specific Ags. Interestingly, besides the expected humoral responses to annotated proteins, patients with cancer were frequently found to have serum Abs that bind to peptides without homology to known proteins. So far, the nature of these unconventional epitopes and their possible significance in tumor immunology have never been thoroughly investigated. In our study, we specifically analyzed humoral immune response toward such peptides in patients with pancreatic or breast cancer using yeast-displayed cDNA expression libraries derived from tumor tissue. A detailed analysis of the identified peptides revealed that they originated from translation of sequences outside annotated open reading frames and may derive from the use of alternative start codons or from DNA indel mutations. In several cases, the corresponding mRNA templates have a known association with cancer. In a final analysis, we were able to detect one of these tumor Ags in cancer tissue arrays by a selected Fab-Ab. We conclude that cryptic epitopes may elicit specific humoral immune responses in patients with cancer and thus play a role in immunologic surveillance. Due to the high prevalence of immune responses against some of the peptides, they may also be valuable markers for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, or therapy monitoring.
Soluble HIV Tat Protein Removes the IL-7 Receptor α-Chain from the Surface of Resting CD8 T Cells and Targets It for Degradation
Authors: Faller Elliott M. , Sugden Scott M. , McVey Mark J. , Kakal Juzer A. , MacPherson Paul A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIL-7 signaling is essential to CD8 T cell development, activation, and homeostasis. We have previously shown decreased expression of the IL-7R α-chain (CD127) on CD8 T cells in HIV+ patients and that this downregulation is mediated at least in part by the HIV Tat protein. We show in this study that CD127 has a prolonged t1/2 in resting CD8 T cells and continuously recycles on and off the cell membrane. We also demonstrate soluble Tat protein significantly decreases the t1/2 of CD127. Soluble Tat is taken up from the medium and accumulates in CD8 T cells with a peak of 6 h. Once inside the cell, Tat exits the endosomes during their normal acidification and enters the cytosol. Tat then translocates to the inner leaflet of the cell membrane, where it binds directly to the cytoplasmic tail of CD127, inducing receptor aggregation and internalization through a process dependent on microtubules. Tat appears to then target CD127 for degradation via the proteasome. By removing CD127 from the cell surface, the HIV Tat protein is thus able to reduce IL-7 signaling and impair CD8 T cell proliferation and function.