bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystallization of polypropylene at high cooling rates: Microscopic and calorimetric studies
Authors: Boyer S. A. E. , Robinson P. , Ganet P. , Melis J.‐P. , Haudin J.‐M. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe use of three different calorimeters made it possible to measure the overall kinetics of isotactic polypropylene in the α‐phase in a wide temperature range. Original results concerning the growth rate of α spherulites were also obtained by optical microscopy by using a prototype hot stage developed in our laboratory. A new growth regime seems to exist at low crystallization temperature. The number of nuclei shows a smooth evolution with temperature with no rupture in the nucleation behavior in the low‐temperature range. Combination of experimental results and an appropriate extrapolation procedure lead to an overall kinetics law valid in the whole domain of existence of the α‐phase. This law is based on Ozawa's formalism. It will be used in polymer processing. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Degradation of polyurethanes in compost under natural conditions
Authors: Krasowska Katarzyna , Janik Helena , Gradys Arkadiusz , Rutkowska Maria 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe estimation of degradability of different polyurethanes under natural weather depending conditions in compost pile was the subject of this study. The incubation of polymer samples took place for a period up to 24 months. The characteristic parameters of the compost: temperature, pH, moisture content, and activity of dehydrogenases were monitored and their influence on degradation of polyurethanes was discussed. The compostability of polyurethanes was investigated by changes of weight, tensile strength, morphology, and thermal properties. The degradation study revealed that the degree of degradation of polyurethanes in the natural environment, like compost, is dependent on their chemical and structural composition. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Golimumab in psoriatic arthritis: One‐year clinical efficacy, radiographic, and safety results from a phase III, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Kavanaugh Arthur , van der Heijde Désirée , McInnes Iain B. , Mease Philip , Krueger Gerald G. , Gladman Dafna D. , Gómez‐Reino Juan , Papp Kim , Baratelle Anna , Xu Weichun , Mudivarthy Surekha , Mack Michael , Rahman Mahboob U. , Xu Zhenhua , Zrubek Julie , Beutler Anna 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjectiveGolimumab, administered subcutaneously every 4 weeks, has been shown to be effective in reducing the signs and symptoms of active psoriatic arthritis (PsA) through week 24 of the GO‐REVEAL study. Herein we report 1‐year clinical, radiographic, and safety findings.MethodsAdult patients with active PsA (≥3 swollen and ≥3 tender joints) were randomly assigned to receive subcutaneous placebo, golimumab 50 mg, or golimumab 100 mg every 4 weeks through week 20. At week 16, patients with <10% improvement from baseline in swollen and tender joint counts entered a blinded early escape phase, with placebo crossover to golimumab 50 mg, golimumab 50 mg increased to 100 mg, and golimumab 100 mg continued at 100 mg. Patients receiving placebo who did not enter the early escape phase crossed over to golimumab 50 mg at week 24. Findings through 1 year are reported, including the second of 2 coprimary end points (i.e., change from baseline to week 24 in PsA‐modified Sharp/van der Heijde score [SHS]).ResultsA total of 405 patients were randomized: 113 to placebo and 146 each to the golimumab 50 mg and 100 mg groups. Mean changes in PsA‐modified SHS from baseline to week 24 for the combined golimumab 50 mg and 100 mg group (−0.09) and the golimumab 50 mg group (−0.16) were significantly different versus placebo (0.27) (P = 0.015 and P = 0.011, respectively). Radiographic benefit was maintained through week 52 with golimumab. Clinical efficacy, including improvement in joint and skin responses and physical function, was maintained through 1 year. The frequency/types of adverse events were similar to those reported through week 24.ConclusionTreatment of PsA with golimumab inhibited structural damage progression and demonstrated continued clinical efficacy and safety through 1 year.
Association study of IL10 and IL23R–IL12RB2 in Iranian patients with Behçet's disease
Authors: Xavier Joana M. , Shahram Farhad , Davatchi Fereydoun , Rosa Alexandra , Crespo Jorge , Abdollahi Bahar Sadeghi , Nadji Abdolhadi , Jesus Gorete , Barcelos Filipe , Patto José Vaz , Shafiee Niloofar Mojarad , Ghaderibarim Fahmida , Oliveira Sofia A. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjectiveIndependent replication of the findings from genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) remains the gold standard for results validation. Our aim was to test the association of Behçet's disease (BD) with the interleukin‐10 gene (IL10) and the IL‐23 receptor–IL‐12 receptor β2 (IL23R–IL12RB2) locus, each of which has been previously identified as a risk factor for BD in 2 different GWAS.MethodsSix haplotype‐tagging single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL10 and 42 in IL23R–IL12RB2 were genotyped in 973 Iranian patients with BD and 637 non‐BD controls. Population stratification was assessed using a panel of 86 ancestry‐informative markers.ResultsSubtle evidence of population stratification was found in our data set. In IL10, rs1518111 was nominally associated with BD before and after adjustment for population stratification (odds ratio [OR] for T allele 1.20, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.02–1.40, unadjusted P [Punadj] = 2.53 × 10−2; adjusted P [Padj] = 1.43 × 10−2), and rs1554286 demonstrated a trend toward association (Punadj = 6.14 × 10−2; Padj = 3.21 × 10−2). Six SNPs in IL23R–IL12RB2 were found to be associated with BD after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing, the most significant of which were rs17375018 (OR for G allele 1.51, 95% CI 1.27–1.78, Punadj = 1.93 × 10−6), rs7517847 (OR for T allele 1.48, 95% CI 1.26–1.74, Punadj = 1.23 × 10−6), and rs924080 (OR for T allele 1.29, 95% CI 1.20–1.39, P = 1.78 × 10−5). SNPs rs10489629, rs1343151, and rs1495965 were also significantly associated with BD in all tests performed. Results of meta‐analyses of our data combined with data from other populations further confirmed the role of rs1518111, rs17375018, rs7517847, and rs924080 in the risk of BD, but no epistatic interactions between IL10 and IL23R–IL12RB2 were detected. Results of imputation analysis highlighted the importance of IL23R regulatory regions in the susceptibility to BD.ConclusionThese findings independently confirm, extend, and refine the association of BD with IL10 and IL23R–IL12RB2. These associations warrant further validation and investigation in patients with BD, as they may have implications for the development of novel therapies (e.g., immunosuppressive therapy targeted at IL‐23p19).
Jatropha cultivation in southern India: assessing farmers' experiences
Authors: Axelsson Lisa , Franzén Maria , Ostwald Madelene , Berndes Göran , Lakshmi G. , Ravindranath N.H. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractTogether with 106 farmers who started growing Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) in 2004–2006, this research sought to increase the knowledge around the real‐life experience of Jatropha farming in the southern India states of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh. Launched as an alternative for diesel in India, Jatropha has been promoted as a non‐edible plant that could grow on poor soils, yield oil‐rich seeds for production of bio‐diesel, and not compete directly with food production. Through interviews with the farmers, information was gathered regarding their socio‐economic situation, the implementation and performance of their Jatropha plantations, and their reasons for continuing or discontinuing Jatropha cultivation. Results reveal that 82% of the farmers had substituted former cropland for their Jatropha cultivation. By 2010, 85% (n = 90) of the farmers who cultivated Jatropha in 2004 had stopped. Cultivating the crop did not give the economic returns the farmers anticipated, mainly due to a lack of information about the crop and its maintenance during cultivation and due to water scarcity. A majority of the farmers irrigated and applied fertilizer, and even pesticides. Many problems experienced by the farmers were due to limited knowledge about cultivating Jatropha caused by poor planning and implementation of the national Jatropha program. Extension services, subsidies, and other support were not provided as promised. The farmers who continued cultivation had means of income other than Jatropha and held hopes of a future Jatropha market. The lack of market structures, such as purchase agreements and buyers, as well as a low retail price for the seeds, were frequently stated as barriers to Jatropha cultivation. For Jatropha biodiesel to perform well, efforts are needed to improve yield levels and stability through genetic improvements and drought tolerance, as well as agriculture extension services to support adoption of the crop. Government programs will ‐probably be more effective if implementing biodiesel production is conjoined with stimulating the demand for Jatropha biodiesel. To avoid food‐biofuel competition, additional measures may be needed such as land‐use restrictions for Jatropha producers and taxes on biofuels or biofuel feedstocks to improve the competitiveness of the food sector compared to the bioenergy sector. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Numeracy as a Predictor of Adaptive Risky Decision Making
Authors: Jasper John D. , Bhattacharya Chandrima , Levin Irwin P. , Jones Lance , Bossard Elaine 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTNumeracy or one's ability to appropriately process and use numerical information has been shown to be an important individual difference factor in decision making. The current study utilized a risky decision‐making task (called the “cups task”) in which choices are made to both earn and avoid losing hypothetical money. Critically, this design allowed investigators to examine numeracy‐related differences in adaptive decision‐making as measured by sensitivity to expected value (EV) differences over 54 paired‐choice trials—some in which it was advantageous to take a risk and some in which it was not. Results showed that in an undergraduate sample of 114 individuals, the less numerate took more risks and were less sensitive to varying EV levels than the more numerate, especially when it was disadvantageous to take a risk and when the choice involved a potential loss (rather than a gain). These results are consistent with a dual processing account in which the more numerate are much better than the less numerate at extracting the precise affective “gist” of the numerical information, which is then used to determine the goodness or badness of a particular choice. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Methods for iPS cell generation for basic research and clinical applications
Authors: Mochiduki Yuji , Okita Keisuke 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe induction of pluripotency can be achieved by forced expression of defined factors in somatic cells. The established cells, termed induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, have pluripotency and an infinite capacity for self‐renewal in common with embryonic stem (ES) cells. Patient‐specific iPS cells could be a useful source for drug discovery and cell transplantation therapies; however, the original method for iPS cell generation had several issues that were obstacles to their clinical application. Recent studies have brought about various improvements for iPS cell generation and uncovered several characteristics of iPS cells. Here we summarize the current status of iPS cell studies, with a focus on the improved methods that can be used to generate iPS cells, and also refer to the future challenges.
Particle‐based simulation of bubbles in water–solid interaction
Authors: Shao Xuqiang , Zhou Zhong , Wu Wei 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTIn this paper, a particle‐based multiphase method for creating realistic animations of bubbles in water–solid interaction is presented. To generate bubbles from gas dissolved in the water on the fly, we propose an approximate model for the creation of bubbles, which takes into account the influence of gas concentration in the water, the solid material, and water–solid velocity difference. As the air particle on the bubble surface is treated as a virtual nucleation site, the bubble absorbs air from surrounding water and grows. The density and pressure forces of air bubbles are computed separately using smoothed particle hydrodynamics; then, the two‐way coupling of bubbles with water and solid is solved by a new drag force, so the generated bubbles’ flow on the surface of solid and the deformation in the rising process can be simulated. Additionally, touching bubbles merge together under the cohesion forces weighted by the smoothing kernel and velocity difference. The experimental results show that this method is capable of simulating bubbles in water–solid interaction under different physical conditions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Percutaneous left ventricular assist device with TandemHeart for high‐risk percutaneous coronary intervention: The Mayo Clinic experience
Authors: Alli Oluseun O. , Singh Inder M. , Holmes David R. , Pulido Juan N. , Park Soon J. , Rihal Charanjit S. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundIn patients with poor left ventricular function and severe left main or multivessel coronary disease, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery has been the preferred therapy. However, a number of these patients are either inoperable or poor surgical candidates due to comorbid conditions and previous cardiac surgical procedures. These patients are generally poor candidates for standard percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) techniques. A hybrid PCI approach with hemodynamic support may be a viable strategy for these patients. We report our experience using the TandemHeart percutaneous left ventricular assist device during high‐risk PCI.MethodsRetrospective cross‐sectional analysis of prospectively collected data in 54 patients undergoing high‐risk PCI using the TandemHeart device for support. Hemodynamic and clinical data were collected and analyzed.ResultsBaseline clinical characteristics were as follows: mean age 72 ± 1.7 years, males 78%, median ejection fraction 20%, mean serum creatinine 1.6 ± 0.3 2 mg/dL, recent myocardial infarction 52%, COPD 33%, previous CABG 50%, diabetes mellitus 41%, and hypertension 83%. The median SYNTAX score was 33, and the median Jeopardy score was 10. The predicted surgical revascularization mortality was 13% by the Society for Thoracic Surgery risk score and 33% by Euroscore. There was a significant decrease in right and left heart pressures (P < 0.05) with a concomitant increase in the cardiac output from 4.7 to 5.7 L/min (P = 0.03) during TandemHeart support. Left main and multivessel PCI was performed in 62% of patients, and rotablation was used in 48%. Procedural success rate was 97%, whereas 30‐day and 6 month survival were 90% and 87%, respectively. Major vascular complications occurred in 13% of cases. None of our patients developed contrast induced nephropathy or needed dialysis.ConclusionsHigh‐risk PCI with percutaneous left ventricular support using TandemHeart is a viable therapeutic strategy for a select subset of patients at very high risk with standard percutaneous revascularization techniques. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals Inc.
Intrinsic Catalytic Role of Mesoporous Silica in Preferential Oxidation of Carbon Monoxide in Excess Hydrogen
Authors: Huang Shengjun , Hara Kenji , Fukuoka Atsushi 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe have studied the intrinsic catalytic role of MCM‐41 mesoporous silica in preferential oxidation of CO in excess H2 (PROX). Two types of MCM‐41 supports (MCM‐41A and MCM‐41B) were obtained from the same pristine as‐synthesized materials by using different procedures for surfactant removal: one‐step calcination or two‐step extraction–calcination. Although two kinds of Pt catalysts prepared from the MCM‐41 supports exhibit high similarity in apparent physicochemical parameters such as Pt morphology, particle‐size distribution, electronic states, support architecture, and pore‐size distribution, they show a dramatic difference in catalytic activity (ca. 100 % versus 10 % CO conversions at 298 K). This feature motivated us to investigate the catalytic role of MCM‐41 in the PROX reaction. By means of infrared experiments with the isotope tracer technique, it was revealed that the reactive microenvironment at the interface between Pt and the MCM‐41A support is the origin of the high activity. On the highly active Pt/MCM‐41A catalyst, interfacial silanols play a decisive role in the ignition of CO oxidation, and gaseous O2 and H2 are dissociated on CO‐free Pt sites created by the interfacial reaction. The dissociated oxygen and hydrogen are proposed to sustain the catalytic cycle in the form of regenerated silanols on the support, which is catalyzed by the Pt surface in the presence of H2.
Ruthenium(II) Photosensitizers of Tridentate Click‐Derived Cyclometalating Ligands: A Joint Experimental and Computational Study
Authors: Schulze Benjamin , Escudero Daniel , Friebe Christian , Siebert Ronald , Görls Helmar , Sinn Stephan , Thomas Martin , Mai Sebastian , Popp Jürgen , Dietzek Benjamin , González Leticia , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA systematic series of heteroleptic bis(tridentate)ruthenium(II) complexes of click‐derived 1,3‐bis(1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)benzene N^C^N‐coordinating ligands was synthesized, analyzed by single crystal X‐ray diffraction, investigated photophysically and electrochemically, and studied by computational methods. The presented comprehensive characterization allows a more detailed understanding of the radiationless deactivation mechanisms. Furthermore, we provide a fully optimized synthesis and systematic variations towards redox‐matched, broadly and intensely absorbing, cyclometalated ruthenium(II) complexes. Most of them show a weak room‐temperature emission and a prolonged excited‐state lifetime. They display a broad absorption up to 700 nm and high molar extinction coefficients up to 20 000 M−1 cm−1 of the metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer bands, resulting in a black color. Thus, the complexes reveal great potential for dye‐sensitized solar‐cell applications.
Simulation of Extraction Columns in Industrial Practice
Authors: Buchbender Florian , Schmidt Markus , Steinmetz Tilmann , Pfennig Andreas 
Published: February 2012

AbstractDie Dimensionierung von Extraktionskolonnen erfolgt in der Regel auf Basis von experimentellen Untersuchungen im Labor und Auslegungsversuchen im Technikum. Eine neue, alternative Auslegungsmethode basiert auf Einzeltropfenuntersuchungen zum Stoffaustausch und zur Sedimentation im Labormaßstab, aus denen die erforderlichen Modellparameter zur Simulation der Technikumskolonnen ermittelt werden. Diese bisher bei Standardtestsystemen erfolgreich erprobte Vorgehensweise soll in der Industrie etabliert werden. Hierzu werden Trennleistungen und Flutpunkte aus Kolonnenexperimenten eines realen industriellen Stoffsystems mit Simulationsergebnissen auf Basis von Einzeltropfenmessungen verglichen. Die bei der Simulation technischer Systeme vorhandenen Herausforderungen werden angesprochen und diskutiert.
Synthesis and Characterization of Planar Five‐Ring‐Fused Dithiophene‐dione
Authors: Wang Jing , Zeng Weijing , Xu Huan , Li Bin , Cao Xiaoping , Zhang Haoli 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA series of new organic semiconductors based on s‐indaceno[1,2‐b:5,6‐b′]dithiophene‐4,9‐dione was successfully synthesized and characterized. The electron withdrawing carbonyl group lowers the LUMO energy levels, leading to increased electronegativities, which is beneficial for high photo‐stability in air. The n‐alkyl substituted compounds, 1c and 1d, crystallize with the rigid coplanar systems packed into slipped face‐to‐face π‐stacks. Interestingly, 1c and 1d also show liquid crystalline behaviors, which give highly ordered molecular packing over large area.
Study on the Metabolic Characteristics of Aconite Alkaloids in the Extract of Radix aconiti under Intestinal Bacteria of Rat by UPLC/MSn Technique
Authors: Xin Yang , Pi Zifeng , Song Fengrui , Liu Zhiqiang , Liu Shuying 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe extract of Radix aconiti was incubated with rat intestinal bacteria in vitro. Further, aconitine and hypaconitine standard were incubated at the same condition as the extract of Radix aconiti, respectively. Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography/Multi‐Mass Spectrometry (UPLC/MSn) was used for detecting and identifying all the aconite alkaloids. Results showed that there were four metabolites which were identified as 8‐butyryl‐14‐benzoylmesa‐conine (m/z660), 8‐propionyl‐14‐benzoylaconine (m/z660), 8‐butyryl‐14‐benzoylaconine (m/z 674) and 8‐valeryl‐14‐benzoylmesaconine (m/z674) in the metabolized sample of the extract of Radix aconiti. The relative area ratio of them presented increasing trend during 6 d. On the basis of all results, we could concluded that substitution at N atom mainly influenced the metabolizing rate of diester‐diterpenoid alkaloids (DDAs), C‐8 substitute was active metabolized site, intestinal bacterial metabolites of the aconite alkaloids in the extract of Radix aconiti were mainly the substitute with propionyl group, butyl group or valeryl group at C‐8. This paper illustrated holistic metabolizing profile of the extract of Radix aconiti in vitro and possible metabolizing reaction type of main DDAs, which could provide reference for finding out potential bioactive components in the extract and the prescription of Chinese Medicine.
Efficient Synthesis of Pyrrolo[2,1‐a]isoquinoline and Pyrrolo[1,2‐a]quinoline Derivatives via One‐pot Two‐step Metal‐catalyzed Three‐component Reactions
Authors: Wu Lei , Sun Jing , Yan Chaoguo 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA sequential one‐pot two‐step reaction for efficient synthesis of pyrrolo[2,1‐a]isoquinoline and pyrrolo[1,2‐a]quinoline derivatives in good yields has been successfully developed. The reaction included firstly Cu‐catalyzed three‐component reaction of isoquinoline (quinoline), acetylenedicarboxylate and alkynylbenzene and then Pd‐catalyzed intramolecular C(sp)‐C(sp2) coupling reaction of initially formed 1‐alkenyl‐2‐alkynyl‐1,2‐dihydroisoquinoline (1,2‐dihydroquinoline).
Fabrication of a Retinal‐protein Photoreceptor Array
Authors: Zhao Yingchun , Wu Jia , Huang Weida , Ding Jiandong 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA pixel‐architecture film of retinal proteins was prepared by an approach combining chemical, physical and biological technologies. Oriented multilayers of purple membrane composed of bacteriorhodopsin (BR) and lipids were patterned on an array of gold electrode pixels. In order to improve stability and resolution, the gene engineering technique was employed to make a mutant of the protein BR by replacing the 36th amino acid residue from aspartic acid to cysteine with a thiol end group ready to react with gold; electric sedimentation was used to guarantee the high probability of formation of the Au‐S bond and meanwhile to orient BR; further chemical crosslinking was introduced among layers of purple membranes to significantly enhance photoelectrical signals while keeping high stability. The non‐bound BR region was eventually washed out by detergent, and the remaining BR pixels were thus detergent resistant due to chemical crosslinking among BR layers and covalent binding between the multilayer and the substrate. The protein array was confirmed to keep photoelectrical activity.