bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Presubiculum layer III conveys retrosplenial input to the medial entorhinal cortex
Authors: Kononenko Natalia L. , Witter Menno P. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractNavigation is mediated by a network of brain areas, and research has focused on the head‐direction system in the presubiculum (PrS), the grid cell containing medial entorhinal cortex (EC) (MEC) and place cells in the hippocampus. Less research addressed the interactions of the retrosplenial cortex (RSC) and the navigational system, although it is well established that damage to the RSC leads to navigational deficits. We previously showed that RSC provides a dense input to deep layers of MEC and to superficial layers of PrS. In this study we use confocal microscopical analysis and show that the dense projection from the caudal part of the ventral retrosplenial granular cortex targets neurons in Layer III of PrS, which provide input to superficial layers of MEC. Our high resolution anatomical data indicate that sparsely spiny pyramidal neurons in Layer III of PrS that originate projections to Layer III of MEC are the main target of these retrosplenial projections. Retrosplenial axonal boutons were found to equally contact spines and shafts of basal dendrites in Layer III, but contacts on shafts are more prominent close to the soma, indicating the potential for efficient synaptic transfer. These observations suggest that neurons in Layer III of PrS have an important role in mediating RSC contributions to navigation. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc
Tumour lysis syndrome in children: experience of last decade
Authors: Ahn Yo Han , Kang Hyoung Jin , Shin Hee Young , Ahn Hyo Seop , Choi Yong , Kang Hee Gyung 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe strategy against tumour lysis syndrome (TLS) had been hyperhydration, urine alkalinization, and allopurinol. Recently, rasburicase was added to the armament against this life‐threatening condition. In Korea, rasburicase is used as a rescue therapy for cases with allopurinol‐resistant hyperuricemia, because of the restriction by the National Health Insurance. We reviewed our experiences to re‐assess the risk factors of TLS and the efficacy of rasburicase. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for 396 children who were diagnosed as positive with acute leukemia and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma between the years 2000 and 2009. The risk factors for TLS were analyzed statistically, and those before and after the availability of rasburicase were compared. Sixty eight patients (17.2%) had TLS. Multivariate analysis showed that pre‐chemotherapy hypophosphatemia was a risk factor for TLS, in addition to the known risk factors of hyperuricemia and high lactate dehydrogenase concentration. The availability of rasburicase as a rescue therapy did not negate the importance of uric acid as a risk factor of TLS. Rasburicase as a second line treatment for intractable hyperuricemia was not effective in reducing the incidence of TLS. Pre‐chemotherapy hypophosphatemia was a significant independent risk factor for TLS. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bioinformatic analyses to select phenotype affecting polymorphisms in HTR2C gene
Authors: Piva Francesco , Giulietti Matteo , Baldelli Luisa , Nardi Bernardo , Bellantuono Cesario , Armeni Tatiana , Saccucci Franca , Principato Giovanni 
Published: June 2011

ObjectiveSingle nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in serotonin related genes influence mental disorders, responses to pharmacological and psychotherapeutic treatments. In planning association studies, researchers that want to investigate new SNPs have to select some among a large number of candidates. Our aim is to guide researchers in the selection of the most likely phenotype affecting polymorphisms. Here, we studied serotonin receptor 2C (HTR2C) SNPs because, till now, only relatively few of about 2000 are investigated.MethodsWe used the most updated and assessed bioinformatic tools to predict which variations can give rise to biological effects among 2450 HTR2C SNPs.ResultsWe suggest 48 SNPs that are worth considering in future association studies in the field of psychiatry, psychology and pharmacogenomics. Moreover, our analyses point out the biological level probably affected, such as transcription, splicing, miRNA regulation and protein structure, thus allowing to suggest future molecular investigations.ConclusionsAlthough few association studies are available in literature, their results are in agreement with our predictions, showing that our selection methods can help to guide future association studies. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of forest recovery on summer streamflow in small forested watersheds, Northeastern China
Authors: Yao Yuefeng , Cai Tijiu , Wei Xiaohua , Zhang Mingfang , Ju Cunyong 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe hydrological effect of forest recovery is receiving renewed interest globally because information on forest carbon–water relationship is critically needed to support carbon management through reforestation and sustainable water management. In Northeastern China, summer (June to August) streamflow accounts for about 50% of total annual streamflow and is vital to water supply and management in the region. Understanding how forest recovery may affect streamflow is important to both reforestation campaign and long‐term water sustainability. In this study, we analysed 33 years of summer hydrologic data (1970–2002) from two comparable small‐scale watersheds located in the Xiaoxing'anling, Northeastern China. Time series analysis and two graphic methods (double mass curve and flow duration curve) with statistical testing as well as long‐term data on forest cover changes and climate were used. Our results show that the significant streamflow reduction as a result of reforestation occurred when forest cover reached 70% or 10 years after planting. After forest cover reached 85%, water reduction became stabilized. The accumulative streamflow reduction in 2002 reached 8·61% of the total accumulative streamflow. Among those water reduced, high flows (from 5 to 25 percentiles) were mostly affected, demonstrating that northeastern forests have an important role in reducing high flows. Implications of these results are discussed in the context of climate change, reforestation and water resource management. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatiotemporal variations and abrupt changes of potential evapotranspiration and its sensitivity to key meteorological variables in the Wei River basin, China
Authors: Zuo Depeng , Xu Zongxue , Yang Hong , Liu Xingcai 
Published: June 2011

AbstractEvapotranspiration is an important component of hydrological cycle and a key input to hydrological models. Therefore, analysis of the spatiotemporal variation of potential evapotranspiration (PET) will help a better understanding of climate change and its effect on hydrological cycle and water resources. In this study, the Penman–Monteith method was used to estimate PET in the Wei River basin (WRB) in China based on daily data at 21 meteorological stations during 1959–2008. Spatial distribution and temporal trends of annual and seasonal PET were analysed by using the Spline interpolation method and the Mann–Kendall test method. Abrupt changes were detected by using the Pettitt test method. In order to explore the contribution of key meteorological variables to the variation of PET, the sensitivity coefficients method was employed in this study. The results showed that: (1) mean annual and seasonal PET in the WRB was generally decreasing from northeast to southwest. Summer and spring made the major contributions to the annual values; (2) annual and seasonal PET series in most part of the WRB exhibited increasing trends; (3) abrupt changes appeared in 1993 for annual and spring PET series for the entire basin, while summer value series was detected in the late 1970s. (4) Relative humidity was the most sensitive variable for PET in general for the WRB, followed by wind speed, air temperature and solar radiation. In the headwater and outlet of the WRB, relative humidity and air temperature were the most sensitive variables to PET, while relative humidity and wind speed were more influential in most part of the middle‐lower region. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evapotranspiration of a drip‐irrigated, film‐mulched cotton field in northern Xinjiang, China
Authors: Zhou Shiqiao , Wang Jin , Liu Jingxian , Yang Jinghui , Xu Yan , Li Jihui 
Published: June 2011

AbstractEddy covariance flux measurements were performed at a cotton crop site of an oasis in northern Xinjiang, northwest China from 2008 to 2010 in order to study ecosystem evapotranspiration (ET). The soil surface area was approximately 80% covered by plastic film mulch and a cotton crop was grown with a mean population density of around 24 plants m−2 under drip irrigation. The total annual ET was measured to be 560 mm, which was 350 mm more than the average annual mean precipitation for the time period 1963–2006. Due to the low vapor pressure deficit associated with low temperatures, the ET was low from November to March. The ET totaled 538 mm during the cotton crop growing season, generally from early‐April through mid‐October. Mean daily ecosystem ET was 1·4–1·6 mm day−1 in April and May, 3·4–4·7 mm day−1 from June through August, 1·8–2·3 mm day−1 in September and 0·7–0·8 mm day−1 in October. The diurnal variations of ET in all months were consistent with those of net radiation, although the leaf area index (LAI) and climate conditions changed substantially. Soil water content was not a limiting factor for ET during the period from April through September, as the crop was regularly irrigated. Therefore, ET was mainly controlled by the available energy in April and May, and by leaf area from June through September. Due to a complete lack of irrigation, ET was constrained by soil water in October. These results of ET variability are helpful for improved allocation of water resources and agricultural water use practices in the region. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Temporal fluctuations of water repellency in forest soils of Galicia, NW Spain. Do soil samples dried at laboratory reflect the potential soil water repellency?
Authors: Rodríguez‐Alleres M. , Benito E. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWater repellency is a widespread property of Pinus pinaster and Eucalyptus globulus forest soils in NW Spain and is particularly severe during the summer dry conditions. The aim of this work was to compare actual water repellency at field‐moist samples with potential water repellency after drying at 25 and 105 °C in samples collected at different times of year under four forest soils. Also, we investigated whether drying at 25 or 105 °C led to repellency values comparable to the highest levels reached under field conditions in the summer with a view to developing an appropriate sampling protocol towards estimating the maximum possible water repellency of a given soil as a key to establishing its environmental effects. The actual and potential water repellency was determined by using the water drop penetration time (WDPT) and molarity of an ethanol drop (MED) tests.Clear seasonal patterns of water repellency were observed from the results for the four forest soils, peaking in the dry period and disappearing after prolonged wet periods. Water repellency lasts longer in sandy loam soils than in more finely textured soils, and also under eucalyptus than under pine forests. Drying soil samples at 25 or 105 °C increased water repellency, as measured with the WDPT method, in the four soils, but especially in the non‐repellent samples collected during the wet period. The increase was more marked in the sandy loam soils than in the more finely textured soils, and also after drying at 105 °C than at 25 °C. MED measurements exposed a common trait in the four soils; thus, the water repellency values obtained under field conditions in summer invariably exceeded those obtained after drying at 25 or 105 °C. In addition, the repellency values for dried samples collected in the wet period were never comparable to the maximum levels observed under field conditions in the summer. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Daily variability of river concentrations and fluxes: indicators based on the segmentation of the rating curve
Authors: Meybeck Michel , Moatar Florentina 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe variability of water chemistry on a daily scale is rarely addressed due to the lack of records. Appropriate tools, such as typologies and dimensionless indicators, which permit comparisons between stations and between river materials, are missing. Such tools are developed here for daily concentrations (C), specific fluxes or yields (Y) and specific river flow (q). The data set includes 128 long‐term daily records, for suspended particulate matter (SPM), total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved and total nutrients, totalling 1236 years of records. These 86 river basins (103–106 km2) cover a wide range of environmental conditions in semi‐arid and temperate regions. The segmentation—truncation of C–q rating curves into two parts at median flows (q50) generates two exponents (b50inf and b50sup) that are different for 66% of the analysed rating curves. After segmentation, the analysis of records results in the definition of nine major C–q types combining concentrating, diluting or stable patterns, showing inflexions, chevron and U shapes. SPM and TDS are preferentially distributed among a few types, while dissolved and total nutrients are more widely distributed. Four dimensionless indicators of daily variability combine median (C50, Y50), extreme (C99, Y99) and flow‐weighted (C*, Y*) concentrations and yields (e.g. C99/C50, Y*/Y50). They vary over two to four orders of magnitude in the analysed records, discriminating stations and river material. A second set of four indicators of relative variability [e.g. (Y*/Y50)/(q*/q50)], takes into account the daily flow variability, as expressed by q*/q50 and q99/q50, which also vary over multiple orders of magnitude. The truncated exponent b50sup is used to describe fluxes at higher flows accounting for 75% (TDS) to 97% (SPM) of interannual fluxes. It ranges from − 0·61 to + 1·86 in the database. It can be regarded as the key amplificator (positive b50sup) or reductor (negative b50sup) of concentrations or yields variability. C50, Y50, b50sup can also be estimated in discrete surveys, which provides a new perspective for quantifying and mapping water quality variability at daily scale. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A conceptual–numerical model to simulate hydraulic head in aquifers that are hydraulically connected to surface water bodies
Authors: Pulido‐Velazquez David , Sahuquillo Andrés , Andreu Joaquín 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we present a conceptual‐numerical model that can be deduced from a calibrated finite difference groundwater‐flow model, which provides a parsimonious approach to simulate and analyze hydraulic heads and surface water body–aquifer interaction for linear aquifers (linear response of head to stresses). The solution of linear groundwater‐flow problems using eigenvalue techniques can be formulated with a simple explicit state equation whose structure shows that the surface water body–aquifer interaction phenomenon can be approached as the drainage of a number of independent linear reservoirs. The hydraulic head field could be also approached by the summation of the head fields, estimated for those reservoirs, defined over the same domain set by the aquifer limits, where the hydraulic head field in each reservoir is proportional to a specific surface (an eigenfunction of an eigenproblem, or an eigenvector in discrete cases). All the parameters and initial conditions of each linear reservoir can be mathematically defined in a univocal way from the calibrated finite difference model, preserving its characteristics (geometry, boundary conditions, hydrodynamic parameters (heterogeneity), and spatial distribution of the stresses). We also demonstrated that, in practical cases, an accurate solution can be obtained with a reduced number of linear reservoirs. The reduced computational cost of these solutions can help to integrate the groundwater component within conjunctive use management models. Conceptual approximation also facilitates understanding of the physical phenomenon and analysis of the factors that influence it. A simple synthetic aquifer has been employed to show how the conceptual model can be built for different spatial discretizations, the parameters required, and their influence on the simulation of hydraulic head fields and stream–aquifer flow exchange variables. A real‐world case was also solved to test the accuracy of the proposed approaches, by comparing its solution with that obtained using finite‐difference MODFLOW code. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Skykomish River, Washington: Impact of ongoing glacier retreat on streamflow
Authors: Pelto M. S. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractGlacier retreat and changes in summer runoff have been pronounced in the Skykomish River Basin, North Cascades, Washington from 1950 to 2009. An analysis comparing USGS streamflow records for the 1950–1985 to the 1985–2009 period indicates that during the recent period the Skykomish River summer streamflow (July–September) has declined 26% in the watershed, spring runoff (April–June) has declined 6%, while winter runoff (November–March) has increased 10%. The minimum mean monthly August discharge from 1928 to 2010 occurred in 2003 and 2005 when streamflow was 15·1 and 15·2 m3s−1, respectively. From 1929 to 1985, streamflow was less than 14 m3s−1 during the glacier melt season on a single day in 1951. From 1986 to 2007 there were 217 days with discharge below 14 m3s−1 with 9 periods lasting for 10 consecutive days. In the Skykomish River watershed from 1958 to 2009, glacier area declined from 3·8 to 2·1 km2. Columbia, Foss, Hinman and Lynch Glacier, the primary glaciers in the basin, declined in area by 10, 60, 90 and 35%, respectively, since 1958. Annual mass balance measurements completed from 1984 to 2009 on Columbia, Foss and Lynch Glacier indicate a mass loss of 13·1 m w.e. Despite 15% higher ablation rates during the 1985–2009 period, the 45% reduction in glacier area led to a 38% reduction in glacier runoff between 1958 and 2009. The 38% reduction in glacier runoff did not lead to a significant decline in the percentage summer runoff contributed by glaciers under average conditions; the contribution has remained in the range of 1–3% from July to September. The glacier runoff decline impacted river discharge only during low flow periods in August and September. In August 2003 and 2005, glacier ablation contributed 1·5–1·6 m3s−1 to total discharge, or 10–11% of August discharge. While declining glacier area in the region has and will lead to reduced glacier runoff and reduced late summer streamflow, it has limited impact on the Skykomish River except during periods of critically low flow, below 14 m3s−1 when glaciers currently contribute more than 10% of the streamflow. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
3‐Deazaneplanocin A is a promising therapeutic agent for the eradication of tumor‐initiating hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Chiba Tetsuhiro , Suzuki Eiichiro , Negishi Masamitsu , Saraya Atsunori , Miyagi Satoru , Konuma Takaaki , Tanaka Satomi , Tada Motohisa , Kanai Fumihiko , Imazeki Fumio , Iwama Atsushi , Yokosuka Osamu 
Published: June 2011

AbstractRecent advances in stem cell biology have identified tumor‐initiating cells (TICs) in a variety of cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Polycomb group gene products such as BMI1 and EZH2 have been characterized as general self‐renewal regulators in a wide range of normal stem cells and TICs. We previously reported that Ezh2 tightly regulates the self‐renewal and differentiation of murine hepatic stem/progenitor cells. However, the role of EZH2 in tumor‐initiating HCC cells remains unclear. In this study, we conducted loss‐of‐function assay of EZH2 using short‐hairpin RNA and pharmacological inhibition of EZH2 by an S‐adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase inhibitor, 3‐deazaneplanocin A (DZNep). Both EZH2‐knockdown and DZNep treatment impaired cell growth and anchorage‐independent sphere formation of HCC cells in culture. Flow cytometric analyses revealed that the two approaches decreased the number of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)+ tumor‐initiating cells. Administration of 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) or DZNep suppressed the tumors by implanted HCC cells in non‐obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mice. Of note, however, DZNep but not 5‐FU predominantly reduced the number of EpCAM+ cells and diminished the self‐renewal capability of these cells as judged by sphere formation assays. Our findings reveal that tumor‐initiating HCC cells are highly dependent on EZH2 for their tumorigenic activity. Although further analyses of TICs from primary HCC would be necessary, pharmacological interference with EZH2 might be a promising therapeutic approach to targeting tumor‐initiating HCC cells.
Milk, dairy intake and risk of endometrial cancer: A 26‐year follow‐up
Authors: Ganmaa Davaasambuu , Cui Xiaohui , Feskanich Diane , Hankinson Susan E. , Willett Walter C. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractEstrogens have a central role in the etiology of endometrial cancer. Milk and dairy products are a source of steroid hormones and growth factors that might have physiological effects in humans. We hypothesized that high intakes of milk and dairy products are associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer, particularly among postmenopausal women not using hormone therapy. This was a prospective cohort study with 68,019 female participants in the Nurses' Health Study aged 34–59 in 1980. Milk and dairy consumption were assessed in 1980, 1984, 1986, 1990, 1994, 1998 and 2002 as servings per day and the follow‐up continued through 2006. The multivariate relative risks (RRs) of adenocarcinoma of the endometrium across categories of cumulatively averaged total dairy consumption compared with < 1 svg/day were: 0.94 (95% CI = 0.71–1.25) for 1–1.4 svg/day, 1.14 (0.87–1.49) for 1.5–1.9 svg/day, 1.10 (0.84–1.44) for 2–2.9 svg/day, 1.26 (0.94–1.70) for ≥ 3 svg/day (p for trend = 0.06). The association between total dairy intake and endometrial cancer was significant only among the postmenopausal women (for ≥ 3 svg/day RR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.01–1.98, p for trend = 0.02) and was evident only among those who were not currently using hormone therapy (RR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.05–2.36, p for trend = 0.003). Total dairy intake was not significantly associated with risk of preinvasive endometrial cancer. In conclusion, we observed a marginally significant overall association between dairy intake and endometrial cancer and a stronger association among postmenopausal women who were not using estrogen‐containing hormones.