bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of recent GOCE geopotential models in Brazil
Authors: Guimarães G. , Matos A. , Blitzkow D. 
Published: August 2012

An evaluation of recent GOCE geopotential models in BrazilSeveral global geopotential models based on Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) data have been published in the last two years. Some of these models use combinations of different satellite missions, while others use only GOCE data. This paper presents the evaluation and analysis of each approach using GOCE data in the Southeast of Brazil. Two assessments have been made. We compared the geoid heights derived from GOCE-based models with the geoidal heights from 176 GPS stations on leveling benchmarks. The findings show an improvement in GOCE-based models TIM_R3 (0.40 m) and DIR_R3 (0.39 m) for degree and order 210 in relation to EGM2008 (0.44 m) in terms of RMS. For the other models the results did not exceed 0.44 m. The second evaluation reports the comparison in terms of gravity disturbances between terrestrial gravity data and the models. The results, in terms of RMS and up to degree and order 210, indicate slightly low GOCO 02S values (10.34 mGal), TIM_R2 (10.37 mGal) and TIM_R3 (10.47 mGal) compared to EGM2008 (10.66 mGal). We also applied the residual terrain model and, as a result, the RMS errors were reduced by ~35% (~6.0 mGal) in the entire area and by ~45% in the mountain region.
Validation of recent GOCE/GRACE geopotential models over Khartoum state - Sudan
Authors: Abdalla A. , Fashir H. , Ali A. , Fairhead D. 
Published: August 2012

Validation of recent GOCE/GRACE geopotential models over Khartoum state - SudanThis paper evaluates a number of latest releases of GOCE/GRACE global geopotential models (GGMs) using the GPS-levelling geometric geoid heights, terrestrial gravity data and existing local gravimetric models. We investigate each global model at every 5 degree of spherical harmonics. Our analysis shows that the satellite-only models derived by space-wise and time-wise approaches (SPW_R1, SPW_R2 TIM_R1 and TIM_R2), GOCO01S together with EGM08 (combined model) are very distinct and consistent to the local data, which guarantees one of them to be selected as the best of candidate models and then to be utilized in our further geoid studies. One of Satellite-only models will be employed for acquiring the long wavelength geoid component which is one of major steps in the geoid determination. EGM08 will be used to compensate and restore the missing gravity data points in the un-surveyed parts within the target area. We expect further improvements in geoid studies in Sudan due to the improved medium wavelength part of the gravity field from GOCE mission.
Synthesis and enantioseparation of derivatives of propranolol
Authors: Čižmáriková R. , Chudáčiková S. , Valentová J. , Némethy A. 
Published: August 2012

Synthesis and enantioseparation of derivatives of propranololPropranolol is one of the first prepared and in therapeutic praxis used beta- adrenolytics. In this paper novel derivatives of propranolol with cyclohexylamino and pyrrolidin-1-yl groups in hydrophilic part were prepared. HPLC-enantioseparation propranolol (as reference compound) and of the prepared derivatives has been achieved using a Chiralpak AD CSP based on the amylose tris (3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate).(R)-enantiomer of the propranolol was prepared by stereoselective synthesis using Jacobsen catalyst.
The content of phenolic compounds in underground and aerial parts of different Mentha species
Authors: Fialová S. , Tekeľová D. , Grančai D. 
Published: August 2012

The content of phenolic compounds in underground and aerial parts of different Mentha speciesMentha L., the genus belonging to family Lamiaceae, subfamily Nepetoidae, has high commercial importance in the pharmacy as well as in food industry. Mints are available in all five continents and are important sources of each traditional medicine in the prevention and therapy of plenty of diseases. The most active compounds are essential oil and polyphenols. In the past the secondary metabolites in aerial parts were examined, but there is no evidence about the determination of secondary metabolites in underground parts of mints. Therefore the object of this work was to determine the content of phenolic compounds (total hydroxycinnamic derivatives (THD) and flavonoids) of methanol extracts of rhizomes of different Mentha L. and their comparison with leaves extracts. The contents of secondary metabolites were determined using spectrophotometric methods of Slovak Pharmacopoeia. We have detected similar quantities of THD in leaves (0.79 - 2.48 %) and rhizomes (0.96 - 2.18 %), but underground parts were poor in content of flavonoids (< 0.1 %). The free radical scavenging activity using DPPH free radical was investigated as well. A bit stronger antioxidant activity was shown in leaves extracts considering flavonoids content.
Comparison of classic and derivative UV spectrophotometric methods for determination of dextromethorphani hydrobromidum
Authors: Drozd J. 
Published: August 2012

Comparison of classic and derivative UV spectrophotometric methods for determination of dextromethorphani hydrobromidumA method for the fast determination of dextromethorphani hydrobromidum in pharmaceutical preparations by classic spectrophotometry - zero and first-, second- and third-order derivative spectrophotometry, using "peak - peak" (P - P) and "peak - zero" (P - O) measurements has been performed. The calibration curves are linear within the concentration range of 1.0 - 25.0 μg ml-1 for dextromethorphani hydrobromidum. The procedure is simple, rapid and the results are reliable.
Off-label drug use among hospitalized children: identifying extent and nature
Authors: Slažneva J. , Kovács L. , Kuželová M. 
Published: August 2012

Off-label drug use among hospitalized children: identifying extent and natureObjective of the study was to determine the extent and nature of medicinal products used off-label in hospitalized children and to highlight the therapeutic areas with the highest need. Over a 4 week period, data about prescribed drugs to patients under 18 years of age at two paediatric wards in Bratislava (Unit for Infants and Unit for Older Children) were recorded and the drug-licensing status according to valid Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) was identified. In total, 206 medicinal products containing 70 different generic substances were given to 49 paediatric patients at the Unit for Infants. Of these, 22% were evaluated as off-label. The highest rates were established among the drugs used for diseases of respiratory system and diseases of digestive system. The 68 children had been given at the Unit for Older Children 267 medicinal products resulting in 97 generic substances. In 15.7% of cases medicines were used in off-label manner, mainly due to unapproved paediatric indication and age. This pilot study provided a preliminary survey on drugs administered off-label to paediatric patients in Slovak Republic.
Effect of microemulsion on liberation of indomethacin from hydrophilic and lipophilic gel
Authors: Žabka M. , Hukeľová M. , Čuchorová M. , Starýchová L. 
Published: August 2012

Effect of microemulsion on liberation of indomethacin from hydrophilic and lipophilic gelThe paper is focused on liberation of indomethacin from gels and the influence of microemulsion's presence in the system. Liberation of drug was performed in vitro through a semipermeable membrane and drug quantity was determined spectrophotometrically. Our results pointed out that the influence of microemulsion system on drug liberation depends on the gel selection. The presence of o/w microemulsion in the lipophilic gel (aerosil in liquid paraffin) increased the released amount of the drug approximately 50%. The liberation profile of indomethacin is better when the hydrophilic gel (carbopol) was used. Drug was released in higher amounts from hydrophilic gel comparised to the commercial gel. The presence of microemulsion in carbopol gel did not have any significant influence.
Europeanization - Fashionable Notion or Inspiring Conceptual Frames?
Authors: Lackowska-Madurowicz Marta 
Published: August 2012

Europeanization - Fashionable Notion or Inspiring Conceptual Frames?
Europeanization is not a new term, but only throughout the recent two decades it has turned into a notion very frequently used in social science. It seems there are two reasons for its success: (1) the intensification of European integration in the late 1980's and (2) the development of the conceptual studies on Europeanization. Numerous theoretical approaches elaborated under the term have stimulated its popularity, yet they have also raised a critical question on the empirical usefulness of the broadly and vaguely defined concept. In the article the concept of Europeanization is taken under scrutiny. Recently developed multiple attitudes to Europeanization are critically discussed and presented with reference to the broader body of the literature on European integration. The considerations end with a short revision of possible empirical usages of the popular term in Polish context. This aim has been triggered by a shortage of references to the widely discussed concept in Polish literature. Polish debate on repercussions of the membership in the European Union may be significantly enriched by a thoughtful reference to the popular, even though controversial concept. Being aware of its shortcomings we can make a better use of its advantages.
Function of Agricultural Terraces in Mediterranean Conditions - Selected Examples From the Island of Ikaria (The Southern Sporades, Greece)
Authors: Tsermegas Irena , Dłużewski Maciej , Biejat Katarzyna , Szynkiewicz Adam 
Published: August 2012

Function of Agricultural Terraces in Mediterranean Conditions - Selected Examples From the Island of Ikaria (The Southern Sporades, Greece)
The aim of the research was to define the influence of agricultural terraces on slope erosion. There have been selected three plots located on the Greek island Ikaria. On the plots detailed geomorphological mapping was done, spatial relief models were created based on the measurements taken using GPS RTK, georadar profiles were made using RAMAC/GPR and the extent of destruction of terrace resistance walls was evaluated.
In comparison with similar forms on other Aegean islands, Ikarian terraces are narrow and high. Their stability depends on: lihtology, slope gradient, height and spatial arrangement of particular terrace steps and the current way of their usage. It was acknowledged that the most stable are the forms created on crystalline schists and gneisses, whereas the slopes, which erode the easiest, are the terraced ones consisting of carbonate rocks.
The obtained results indicate that on Ikaria similarly to numerous other regions the most significant factor facilitating erosion on the terraced slopes is the cessation of their agricultural usage.
Assessment of Regional Bioclimatic Contrasts in Poland
Authors: Błażejczyk Krzysztof 
Published: August 2012

Assessment of Regional Bioclimatic Contrasts in Poland
Traveling is one of most popular tourism activity. Usually it is associated with the change of climate conditions. In a short time we can move to different environment and our organisms are under great pressure of atmospheric stimuli which have diverse level and range of variability in comparison to home location. The general climate information seem to be insufficient to be prepared to new conditions. The paper presents new complex index which can be used to assess contrasts of bioclimatic conditions (BCI). It was applied to compare differences in bioclimatic conditions in six stations represented various bioclimate regions of Poland: Koszalin (Coastal region), Białystok (North-East region), Warszawa and Wrocław (Central region), Rzeszów (South-East region) and Hala Gąsienicowa (Tatras, Carpathians region).
Functions of Urban Greenspace and Ecosystem Services
Authors: Szumacher Iwona 
Published: August 2012

Functions of Urban Greenspace and Ecosystem Services
The concept of ecosystems services has become an important model for linking the functions of ecosystems to human welfare. The aim of this paper is to identify ecosystem services generated by green areas within the urban area, classify and value them. "Ecosystem services" refers to components of nature, directly enjoyed, consumed, or used to yield human well-being (Boyd, Banzhaf 2007). This definition advances the ability to use ecosystem services as a practical measurement tool.
Subregional Growth Poles in the Competition for Development Factors
Authors: Dąbrowska Anna , Łukomska Julita 
Published: August 2012

Subregional Growth Poles in the Competition for Development Factors
This article presents the findings of a two-year research project1. The main aim of the project was to analyse the role and growth possibilities of subregional centres in Poland, taking into account polarisation processes and a knowledge-based economy. The cities chosen for their degree of competitiveness and growth possibilities were those of over 40000 inhabitants, not situated in close proximity to capitals of Polish regions. Apart from that questionnaires were sent by post to all previously identified subregional growth poles and municipalities of their surroundings. Moreover, ten subregional growth poles were chosen to be analysed as case studies. Six fragmentary hypotheses were verified in the research: historical hypothesis, metropolitan hypothesis, hypothesis of internal resources, networking hypothesis, hypothesis of strong surroundings, administrative-political hypothesis.
Higher Schools vs. Cities' Social Capital in the Light of Theory of Contacts Świetokrzyskie Voivodeship Case
Authors: Mularczyk Mirosław 
Published: August 2012

Higher Schools vs. Cities' Social Capital in the Light of Theory of Contacts Świetokrzyskie Voivodeship Case
Systemic transformation process in Poland has led to a dynamic development of higher schools. Those higher schools generate new, both formal and informal, connections triggered by people working there, especially by those at higher positions. This situation leads to the creation of relation networks. Thanks to them one can get, process and transfer information, enlarge the owned knowledge which is necessary to raise the productivity of own activities. In compliance with the theory of contacts it should lead to social capital growth which stimulates development of the analysed areas. The objective of this paper is to characterise and compare contacts of rectors and deputy rectors of state and private higher schools in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship as well as to evaluate on this basis the part of social capital which develops thanks to formal contacts kept by the researched with people who are at a similar position in other institutions.
Island Studies. Island Geography. but What is an Island?
Authors: Jędrusik Maciej 
Published: August 2012

Island Studies. Island Geography. but What is an Island?

Introduction. There are institutes which research phenomena and processes taking place on islands. Such research is conducted nowadays among others at universities in France, United States, Australia, New Zealand, Great Britain and Scandinavia. Godfrey Baldacchino from the University of Prince Edward Island is a professor of Island Studies (and the editor-in-chief of the "Island Studies Journal"1). One of the actively operating commissions of the International Geographical Union is the IGU Commission on Islands. Therefore, the term "island" is commonly present in the modern reality and so strongly rooted that, as a results, its meaning very rarely raises doubts. Sometimes a group of researchers makes an attempt to reflect upon the definition of the term2. Those attempts are not followed by satisfying results, which does not encourage to further research on islands, be what they may.
The following article is another attempt to ponder the nature of islandness and to point those characteristics of an island which differentiate it from other geographical objects. According to the author, the group of geographical objects treated as islands is definitely too wide, and the vast protruding lands, commonly regarded as islands, continue to be islands in the universal awareness only out of habit, or due to the lack of a better, adequate term as a result of existing terminological dichotomy between the terms island/continent.
New Integral Formulas Involving Polynomials and Ī-Function
Authors: Agarwal Praveen , Jain Shilpi 
Published: August 2012

New Integral Formulas Involving Polynomials and Ī-FunctionThe aim of the present paper is to evaluate new finite integral formulas involving polynomials and Ī-function. The values of the formulas are obtained in terms of ψ(z) (The logarithmic derivative of Γ(z)). These integral formulas are unified in nature and act as key formula from which we can obtain as their special cases. For the sake of illustration we record here some special cases of our main formulas which are also new and known. The formulas establish here are basic in nature and are likely to find useful applications in the field of science and engineering.
Geographical genetic structuring and phenotypic variation in the Vellozia hirsuta (Velloziaceae) ochlospecies complex
Authors: Barbosa Ariane R. , Fiorini Cecília F. , Silva‐Pereira Viviane , Mello‐Silva Renato , Borba Eduardo L. 
Published: August 2012

• Premise of the study: Vellozia hirsuta forms a complex presenting wide morphological and anatomical variation, resulting in five specific names and 14 morpho‐anatomical patterns occurring in disjunct populations. We carried out a phylogeographical study to investigate the existence of correlation among the genetic and morphological patterns within this complex, and to determine whether it is composed of various species or should be treated as an ochlospecies, a species having widely polymorphic and weakly polytypic complex variation, with morphological characteristics varying independently.• Methods: We carried out phylogeographical analyses using cpDNA rpl32F‐trnL intergenic region.• Key results: We found 20 haplotypes in 23 populations sampled. The populations are genetically structured (ΦST = 0.818) into four phylogeographical groups demonstrating geographical structuring but with no correlation with morpho‐anatomical patterns. Our analyses do not support recognizing any of the species now synonymized under Vellozia hirsuta. The northern populations were the most genetically differentiated and could be considered a distinct taxon, as they are also morphologically different.• Conclusions: It is recommended that Vellozia hirsuta be considered a single enormously variable species. The patterns of variation within V. hirsuta probably are related to climatic changes that occurred during the Pleistocene Epoch in tropical Brazil when reductions in forest cover favored the expansion of V. hirsuta populations into extensive lowland areas. The expansion of forest cover at the end of the glaciations would have again restricted the occurrence of campos rupestres vegetation to high elevations, which constitute the current centers of diversity of this species.
Les sculptures du temps familial. Une méthode de “narration analogique”
Authors: Onnis Luigi , Bernardini Marco , Leonelli Antonella , Mulè Angela Maria , Vietri Agostino , Romano Carlotta 
Published: August 2012

Dans cet article, les auteurs présentent une méthode d’intervention, « Les sculptures du Temps Familial », fondée sur l’utilisation d’un langage analogique avec les familles. Ils décrivent d’abord l’intérêt que représente cet outil pour explorer les mythes familiaux en respectant la syntonisation avec le langage de symptômes exprimés par le corps, et en s’articulant sur les récentes découvertes des neurosciences. Ils abordent ensuite la “Méthode des Sculptures du Temps Familial” où chaque membre de la famille est invité à faire trois sculptures : du présent, du futur et du passé, présentant ainsi une narration analogique de l’histoire familiale. Le cas d’une adolescente boulimique illustrera l’utilisation de cette méthode dans un processus thérapeutique.
A Case Study of Designing an E-learning Electrical Engineering Course
Authors: Khader Sameer Hanna , Abu-aisheh Akram A. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract: This paper presents a case study of designing an e-learning course in the field of electrical engineering- Industrial automation program at Palestine Polytechnic University. The applied methodology consisting of few stages starting with formulating the major course objectives, extracting topics outcomes, design the appropriate teaching tools and storyboard, and as final stage the evaluation system is designed.
On other hand, an information communication technology (ICT) questionnaire has been designed and targeting attended in the course students with purpose evaluating student ICT knowledge, knowledge leveling, and treatment their weaknesses.
The designed topics are modified according to feedback evaluation obtained from students throughout designed for this purpose questionnaire. The observed weaknesses in course topics have been eliminated and finally the modified course was uploaded to the university e-learning platform. Electrical engineering core course with 300 level was carried out for department students, where the obtained results shows significant enhancement in teaching and learning performances of both course instructors and students.
Type III IFNs Are Produced by and Stimulate Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells
Authors: Yin Zhiwei , Dai Jihong , Deng Jing , Sheikh Faruk , Natalia Mahwish , Shih Tiffany , Lewis-Antes Anita , Amrute Sheela B. , Garrigues Ursula , Doyle Sean , Donnelly Raymond P. , Kotenko Sergei V. , Fitzgerald-Bocarsly Patricia 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) are rare cells found in peripheral blood and lymphoid tissues. pDC are considered to be “professional” type I IFN-producing cells and produce 10- to 100-fold more IFN-α than other cell types in response to enveloped viruses or synthetic TLR7 and TLR9 agonists. In this study, purified pDC were found to express high levels of IFN-λ receptor mRNA, as well as cell-surface IFN-λ receptor. We have developed intracellular flow cytometry assays using Abs to IFN-λ1/3 or -λ2 to assess the expression of IFN-λ proteins by pDC. We observed that a subset of human pDC expresses only intracellular IFN-α, whereas another subset produces both IFN-α and IFN-λ after stimulation with virus or the TLR9 agonist, CpG A; the cells that coexpressed IFN-α and IFN-λ were the cells with the highest levels of IFN-α expression. Ab cross-linking of CD4 or CD303 molecules on pDC inhibited both HSV-induced IFN-λ and IFN-α production. Like the production of IFN-α, the HSV-induced IFN-λ production in pDC was mediated through TLR9 and independent of virus replication. Exogenous IFN-λ treatment of pDC resulted in increased virus-induced expression of both IFN-α and IFN-λ. In addition, both exogenous IFN-λ and -α inhibited dexamethasone-induced apoptosis of pDC. We conclude that pDC are major producers of IFN-λ1 and -λ2 in response to viral stimulation and also express functional receptors for this cytokine. Thus, IFN-λ can serve as an autocrine signal to strengthen the antiviral response of pDC by increasing IFN-α and IFN-λ production, resulting in prolonged pDC survival.