bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expansion of a subset of CD14highCD16negCCR2low/neg monocytes functionally similar to myeloid-derived suppressor cells during SIV and HIV infection
Authors: Gama Lucio , Shirk Erin N , Russell Julia N , Carvalho Karina I , Li Ming , Queen Suzanne E , Kalil Jorge , Zink M Christine , Clements Janice E , Kallas Esper G 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACT
Monocytes have been categorized in three main subpopulations based on CD14 and CD16 surface expression. Classical monocytes express the CD14++CD16−CCR2+ phenotype and migrate to inflammatory sites by quickly responding to CCL2 signaling. Here, we identified and characterized the expansion of a novel monocyte subset during HIV and SIV infection, which were undistinguishable from classical monocytes, based on CD14 and CD16 expression, but expressed significantly lower surface CCR2. Transcriptome analysis of sorted cells demonstrated that the CCR2low/neg cells are a distinct subpopulation and express lower levels of inflammatory cytokines and activation markers than their CCR2high counterparts. They exhibited impaired phagocytosis and greatly diminished chemotaxis in response to CCL2 and CCL7. In addition, these monocytes are refractory to SIV infection and suppress CD8+ T cell proliferation in vitro. These cells express higher levels of STAT3 and NOS2, suggesting a phenotype similar to monocytic myeloid-derived cells, which suppress expansion of CD8+ T cells in vivo. They may reflect an antiproliferative response against the extreme immune activation observed during HIV and SIV infections. In addition, they may suppress antiviral responses and thus, have a role in AIDS pathogenesis. Antiretroviral therapy in infected macaque and human subjects caused this population to decline, suggesting that this atypical phenotype is linked to viral replication.
Monte Carlo full-waveform inversion of crosshole GPR data using multiple-point geostatistical a priori information
Authors: Cordua Knud Skou , Hansen Thomas Mejer , Mosegaard Klaus 
Published: February 2012

We present a general Monte Carlo full-waveform inversion strategy that integrates a priori information described by geostatistical algorithms with Bayesian inverse problem theory. The extended Metropolis algorithm can be used to sample the a posteriori probability density of highly nonlinear inverse problems, such as full-waveform inversion. Sequential Gibbs sampling is a method that allows efficient sampling of a priori probability densities described by geostatistical algorithms based on either two-point (e.g., Gaussian) or multiple-point statistics. We outline the theoretical framework for a full-waveform inversion strategy that integrates the extended Metropolis algorithm with sequential Gibbs sampling such that arbitrary complex geostatistically defined a priori information can be included. At the same time we show how temporally and/or spatiallycorrelated data uncertainties can be taken into account during the inversion. The suggested inversion strategy is tested on synthetic tomographic crosshole ground-penetrating radar full-waveform data using multiple-point-based a priori information. This is, to our knowledge, the first example of obtaining a posteriori realizations of a full-waveform inverse problem. Benefits of the proposed methodology compared with deterministic inversion approaches include: (1) The a posteriori model variability reflects the states of information provided by the data uncertainties and a priori information, which provides a means of obtaining resolution analysis. (2) Based on a posteriori realizations, complicated statistical questions can be answered, such as the probability of connectivity across a layer. (3) Complex a priori information can be included through geostatistical algorithms. These benefits, however, require more computing resources than traditional methods do. Moreover, an adequate knowledge of data uncertainties and a priori information is required to obtain meaningful uncertainty estimates. The latter may be a key challenge when considering field experiments, which will not be addressed here.
Increased retinoic acid levels through ablation of Cyp26b1 determine the processes of embryonic skin barrier formation and peridermal development
Authors: Okano Junko , Lichti Ulrike , Mamiya Satoru , Aronova Maria , Zhang Guofeng , Yuspa Stuart H. , Hamada Hiroshi , Sakai Yasuo , Morasso Maria I. 
Published: February 2012

The process by which the periderm transitions to stratified epidermis with establishment of skin barrier is unknown. Understanding the cellular and molecular processes involved is critical for the treatment of human pathologies, where abnormal skin development and barrier dysfunction are associated with hypothermia and perinatal dehydration. For the first time, we demonstrate that Retinoic Acid (RA) levels are important for periderm desquamation, embryonic skin differentiation and barrier formation. While excess exogenous RA has been known to have teratogenic effects, little is known about the consequences of elevated endogenous retinoids in skin during embryogenesis. Absence of Cyp26b1, a retinoic acid-degrading enzyme, results in aberrant epidermal differentiation and filaggrin expression, defective cornified envelopes and skin barrier formation, in conjunction with peridermal retention. We show that these alterations are RA-dependent since administration of exogenous RA in vivo and to organotypic skin cultures phenocopy Cyp26b1-/- skin abnormalities. Furthermore, utilizing the Flaky tail (Ft/Ft) mice, a mouse model for human ichthyosis characterized by mutations in the FILAGGRIN gene, we establish that proper differentiation and barrier formation is a prerequisite for periderm sloughing. These results are significant in understanding pathologies associated with abnormal embryonic skin development and barrier dysfunction.
Twenty-four-hour urinary trace element excretion: reference intervals and interpretive issues
Authors: Sieniawska Christine E , Jung Lynne C , Olufadi Rasaq , Walker Valerie 
Published: February 2012

Background Introduction of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) into clinical laboratories has led to an increasing application of analyses to risk assessment for toxicity from environmental exposure to trace elements, and in occupational monitoring. Interpretation of results from random urine samples may be problematic and measurement of excretion over 24 h is sometimes preferable. Recent reference data are sparse. Methods Twenty-four-hour urine samples from 111 healthy adults from the renal stones clinic in Southampton, UK, were analysed for 31 trace elements using ICP-MS and for zinc using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Non-parametric 0.95 coverage intervals were determined for trace element excretion per 24 h and as a ratio to creatinine, for the full study cohort and separately for men ( n = 77) and women ( n = 34). Results Beryllium was undetectable in 95% of samples, bismuth in 87% and uranium in 75%. In comparison with published ranges, reference intervals for this cohort were higher for molybdenum, tin and vanadium, and for arsenic due to inclusion of fish arsenicals. Aluminium, chromium, iron, lead and mercury were lower. In our cohort, 24-h excretion of 17 elements was significantly higher in men than in women. However, when expressed as trace element to creatinine ratios, the situation reversed strikingly. Because of their lower creatinine excretion, ratios for 18 elements were significantly higher for women. Conclusions New adult reference intervals were obtained for 24-h urine trace element excretion. Trace element:creatinine ratios must be used cautiously, with separate ranges for men and women.
Application of adaptive non-linear 2D and 3D postprocessing filters for reduced dose abdominal CT
Authors: Borgen Lars , Kalra Mannudeep K , Lærum Frode , Hachette Isabelle W , Fredriksson Carina H , Sandborg Michael , Smedby Örjan 
Published: February 2012

Background Abdominal computed tomography (CT) is a frequently performed imaging procedure, resulting in considerable radiation doses to the patient population. Postprocessing filters are one of several dose reduction measures that might help to reduce radiation doses without loss of image quality. Purpose To assess and compare the effect of two- and three-dimensional (2D, 3D) non-linear adaptive filters on reduced dose abdominal CT images. Material and Methods Two baseline abdominal CT image series with a volume computer tomography dose index (CTDI vol) of 12 mGy and 6 mGy were acquired for 12 patients. Reduced dose images were postprocessed with 2D and 3D filters. Six radiologists performed blinded randomized, side-by-side image quality assessments. Objective noise was measured. Data were analyzed using visual grading regression and mixed linear models. Results All image quality criteria were rated as superior for 3D filtered images compared to reduced dose baseline and 2D filtered images ( P < 0.01). Standard dose images had better image quality than reduced dose 3D filtered images ( P < 0.01), but similar image noise. For patients with body mass index (BMI) < 30 kg/m2 however, 3D filtered images were rated significantly better than normal dose images for two image criteria ( P < 0.05), while no significant difference was found for the remaining three image criteria ( P > 0.05). There were no significant variations of objective noise between standard dose and 2D or 3D filtered images. Conclusion The quality of 3D filtered reduced dose abdominal CT images is superior compared to reduced dose unfiltered and 2D filtered images. For patients with BMI < 30 kg/m2, 3D filtered images are comparable to standard dose images.
Overlap of hospital use and social care in older people in England
Authors: Bardsley Martin , Georghiou Theo , Chassin Ludovic , Lewis Geraint , Steventon Adam , Dixon Jennifer 
Published: February 2012

Objectives: To link pseudonymous health and social care use data in order to determine what proportion of older people access hospital and social care services. Methods: Retrospective analysis of linked, pseudonymous, routine service use data of people aged 75 and over (n 5 133,055) drawn from the operational systems of four primary care trusts and their corresponding local authorities in England. Results: Fourteen percent of older people received local authority-funded social care in one year, 59% accessed NHS hospital care and 10% accessed both types of service. Most people using social care also used a hospital service (71%). This was a higher proportion than for people who did not use social care services (57%, P < 0.001). However, the use of hospitals varied by type of social care such that the residents of care homes had fewer admissions to hospital, fewer Accident and Emergency attendances and fewer outpatient visits than people receiving high intensity home care. Conclusions: Using routine data from large populations, we have demonstrated interactions in the use of hospital care and social care for older people. Residents of care homes tend to use hospitals less frequently than people receiving home care. More detailed work is required to explain this phenomenon.
Selective Fragmentation of Oolitic Iron Ores by Microwave Pretreatment
Authors: Campos-Toro Ernesto F. , Song Shaoxian , López-Valdivieso Alejandro 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTThere are plentiful of oolitic iron ore resources on the earth, which cannot be currently exploited because of great difficulties for beneficiating the ore. In this work, the selective fragmentation of a Chinese oolitic iron ore (which fragments ore particles along the interfaces of iron and gangue minerals) through microwave was studied in order to liberate the iron minerals at a coarse particle size and thus to effectively concentrate the iron minerals from the ore. The experimental results have shown that a large amount of fractures on the oolitic iron ore were formed along iron and gangue mineral interfaces after being treated by microwave radiation at an appropriate frequency and potential. Following a microwave treatment, the oolitic iron ore was ground by using a ball vertimill. It was indicated that the pretreatment increased the liberation of the iron and gangue minerals at the same particle size, about 10-20% and 10-30% respectively.
Combined Use of Vitamin D Status and FGF23 for Risk Stratification of Renal Outcome
Authors: Nakano Chikako , Hamano Takayuki , Fujii Naohiko , Matsui Isao , Tomida Kodo , Mikami Satoshi , Inoue Kazunori , Obi Yoshitsugu , Okada Noriyuki , Tsubakihara Yoshiharu , Isaka Yoshitaka , Rakugi Hiromi 
Published: February 2012

Summary

Background and objectives
Hyperphosphatemia, vitamin D deficiency, hyperparathyroidism, and high serum fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) levels, when studied separately, were found to predict the progression of CKD. However, studies with simultaneous measurement of mineral bone disorder (MBD)–related factors were scarce. This study aimed to identify factors predicting renal outcome independent of other factors.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
This was a prospective cohort study of 738 Japanese predialysis outpatients in the nephrology departments of two hospitals. The outcome was defined as a doubling of serum creatinine or initiation of dialysis.

Results
Mean estimated GFR (eGFR) was 35 ml/min per 1.73 m2. At enrollment, the increase in intact FGF23 with decreasing eGFR was the earliest among changes in MBD-related factors, followed by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D decrease, parathyroid hormone increase, and phosphate increase. During a median duration of 4.4 years, 213 patients reached the endpoint. In a multivariable Cox model, high FGF23 and low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25D) levels were the only MBD-related factors associated with a higher risk of renal endpoint (adjusted hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] per unit change of log FGF23 and 10 ng/ml of 25D: 1.83 [1.28–2.61] and 0.61 [0.41–0.90], respectively). There was no significant interaction between 25D and FGF23 (P=0.11). Active vitamin D therapy, serum phosphate, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and parathyroid hormone levels were not related to the renal endpoint. Treating death as a competing risk or multiple imputation for missing values yielded similar results.

Conclusions
Combined use of two markers is useful for the risk stratification of renal outcome.
Rab3D regulates amylase levels, not agonist-induced amylase release, in AR42J cells
Authors: Limi Saima , Ojakian George , Raffaniello Robert 
Published: February 2012

AbstractRab3D is a low molecular weight GTP-binding protein that associates with secretory granules in exocrine cells. AR42J cells are derived from rat pancreatic exocrine tumor cells and develop an acinar cell-like phenotype when treated with dexamethasone (Dex). In the present study, we examined the role of Rab3D in Dex-treated AR42J cells. Rab3D expression and localization were analyzed by subcellular fractionation and immunoblotting. The role of Rab3D was examined by overexpressing myc-labeled wild-type-Rab3D and a constitutively active form of Rab3D (Rab3D-Q81L) in AR42J cells. We found that Rab3D is predominantly membrane-associated in AR42J cells and co-localizes with zymogen granules (ZG). Following CCK-8-induced exocytosis, amylase-positive ZGs appeared to move towards the periphery of the cell and co-localization between Rab3D and amylase was less complete when compared to basal conditions. Overexpression of WT, but not mutant Rab3D, resulted in an increase in cellular amylase levels. Overexpression of mutant and WT Rab3D did not affect granule morphology, CCK-8-induced secretion, long-term (48 hr) basal amylase release or granule density. We conclude that Rab3D is not involved in agonist-induced exocytosis in AR42J cells. Instead, Rab3D may regulate amylase content in these cells.
Analysis of Regional Peculiarities of Strongylid (Nematoda, Strongylidae) Biodiversity in Domestic Horses in Ukraine
Authors: Kuzmina T. 
Published: February 2012

Analysis of Regional Peculiarities of Strongylid (Nematoda, Strongylidae) Biodiversity in Domestic Horses in UkraineAnalysis of regional peculiarities of species composition and structure of strongylid communities in domestic horses from various parts of Ukraine is presented. More than 86,000 strongylid specimens were collected using the diagnostic deworming technique from 180 horses in 10 regions (Kyivska, Kyrovogradska, Poltavska, Kharkivska, Sumska, Donetska, Ternopilska, Zakarpatska, Khersonska and AR Crimea) and identified to the species level. Thirty-three strongylid species from 12 genera were found - 26 species in the subfamily Cyathostominae and seven - in the subfamily Strongylinae. General structure of the strongylid community appeared to be multimodal. The highest biodiversity of strongylids was found in horses from Southern regions of Ukraine (29 species from 12 genera) and the lowest in Eastern regions (15 species from six genera). However, no statistically significant differences in species composition of strongylid communities in horses from various regions of Ukraine were found (p > 0.05). Comparison of strongylid biodiversity in domestic horses from Ukraine with that from others countries revealed the highest similarity of the strongylid communities from Ukraine, Czech Republic, and Poland; the lowest was in horses from South Africa and north-western Europe (France and the UK). Our results showed that the peculiarities of horse-keeping conditions influenced the biodiversity of the strongylid communities in domestic horses much more than climatic conditions in various regions.
The Genus Sintula (Aranei, Linyphiidae) in Ukraine, with the Description of a New Species
Authors: Gnelitsa V. 
Published: February 2012

The Genus Sintula (Aranei, Linyphiidae) in Ukraine, with the Description of a New Species
The data on biology of three species of the genus Sintula Simon, 1884 with their distribution in Ukraine are presented. Sintula solitarius Gnelitsa, sp. n. from the Crimean Peninsula is described. The genitalia of all four species are depicted.
New Finds of Tokophrya Wenzeli (Ciliophora, Suctorea), a Commensal of Water Mites (Acari, Hydrachnidia), and the Redescription of the Species
Authors: Dovgal I. , Zawal A. , Pešić V. 
Published: February 2012

New Finds ofTokophrya Wenzeli(Ciliophora, Suctorea), a Commensal of Water Mites (Acari, Hydrachnidia), and the Redescription of the SpeciesThe article deals with investigations of suctorian speciesTokophrya wenzeliMatthes et Stiebler, 1970 which was observed in waterbodies of Ukraine, Poland and Macedonia. New observations permit to precise the morphology of tentacles and show the variability of such sufficient characters of the species as morphology of basal plate, stalk and actinophores. The redescription of the species is also presented.
First Record of the Genus Myopias (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from India, with Description of New Species
Authors: Bharti H. , Wachkoo A. 
Published: February 2012

First Record of the Genus Myopias (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from India, with Description of New Species
Myopias shivalikensis Bharti et Wachkoo, sp. n. is described based on a single worker, collected in lower Shivalik range (700 m a. s. l.) of Northwest Himalaya by soil core method. The genus Myopias is recorded for the first time in India. M. shivalikensis is a cryptobiotic species with reduced body size and rudimentary eyes. It is similar to M. nops Willey et Brown, 1983, distinctly differing from all described species of this genus.
Preterm discharge effects: Relationship between the maternal experience and newborn's psychobiological regulation
Authors: Sparano Ausilia , Nieznanska Agnieszka , De Berardinis Daniela , Panetta Valentina , Ferri Rosa , Agostino Rocco 
Published: February 2012

Preterm discharge effects: Relationship between the maternal experience and newborn's psychobiological regulation
The purpose of this study is to investigate how the past experiences of mothers and their potentially traumatic events during pregnancy may have influenced the processes of psychobiological self-regulation and cognitive development in a child born preterm. Eighty children who had a gestational age of < 32 weeks were examined at the 9th month of the corrected age. The mothers and children were divided in two groups: multipara mothers and their children and the primipara mothers and their children. These children were examined on the basis of sleep disorders, nutritional problems and mental development. Perinatal data from clinical observations and data from standardized developmental tests (BSID, II ed.) were used to describe the differences. The children of primipara mothers who had unexpected preterm delivery presented major incidences of sleep disorders while the children of primipara mothers, who programmed preterm delivery, presented a major incidences of nutrition problems. The predictability of preterm delivery has a major influence on the capacity of newborns for self-regulation in the case of primipara mothers.
Microsatellite markers for the native Texas perennial grass, Panicum hallii (Poaceae)
Authors: Lowry David B. , Purmal Colin T. , Meyer Eli , Juenger Thomas E. 
Published: February 2012

• Premise of the study: We developed microsatellites for Panicum hallii for studies of gene flow, population structure, breeding experiments, and genetic mapping.• Methods and Results: Next‐generation (454) genomic sequence data were used to design markers. Eighteen robust markers were discovered, 15 of which were polymorphic across six accessions of P. hallii var. hallii. Fourteen of the markers cross‐amplified in a P. capillare accession. For the 15 polymorphic markers, the total number of alleles per locus ranged from two to 26 (mean: 11.0) across six populations (11–19 individuals per population). Observed heterozygosity (mean: 0.031) was 13.7 times lower than the expected heterozygosity (mean: 0.426).• Conclusions: The deficit of heterozygous individuals is consistent with P. hallii having a high rate of self‐fertilization. These markers will be useful for studies in P. hallii and related species.
Environnement urbain et obésité : peut-on transposer en Europe les approches nord-américaines ?
Authors: Dupuy Gabriel , Minster Clotilde , Watel Renaud 
Published: February 2012

La plupart des études nord-américaines disponibles sur les liens entre environnement urbain et obésité font état de corrélations entre l’obésité et l’étalement urbain, la motorisation et les contextes urbains non propices à la marche. La possibilité du transfert de ces résultats au cas européen reste cependant à établir. Pour cela, trois terrains de recherche, situés au Luxembourg, en Allemagne et en France ont été analysés. L’étude de ces cas, dont les échelles et les contextes urbains diffèrent, remet en question la transposabilité au cas européen des approches nord-américaines. Les caractéristiques que nous avons étudiées : étalement urbain, motorisation, et « marchabilité » ne semblent pas jouer un rôle décisif dans les cas européens étudiés. Les différences de morphologie urbaine et de fonctionnement de la ville entre l’Europe Occidentale d’une part, et l’ensemble États-Unis/Canada d’autre part, entrent sans doute pour une bonne part dans ce résultat.
Cybernéologisme : Quelques outils informatiques pour l'identification et le traitement des néologismes sur le web
Authors: Issac Fabrice 
Published: February 2012

L’objectif de cet article est de présenter un ensemble de techniques liées à la problématique de la détection et du traitement des candidats néologismes. Deux types de néologismes seront étudiés : les néologismes de forme, morphologiques, et les néologismes de syntaxe ou de sens. Pour chacun de ces types, nous présenterons des techniques d’extraction et de classification. Le traitement des néologismes de forme passe par différentes analyses, notamment morphologiques, par l’utilisation d’heuristiques et par l’expertise d’un être humain via une interface adéquate. L’identification d’un néologisme de syntaxe ou de sens est beaucoup plus délicate et se situe à un niveau d’analyse plus élevé. Le problème rencontré ici se focalise non pas sur la classification, mais sur l’élaboration de modèles, tant numériques que formels, suffisamment robustes.