bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brief Report: Chimeric Pigs Produced from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Demonstrate Germline Transmission and No Evidence of Tumor Formation in Young Pigs
Authors: West Franklin D. , Uhl Elizabeth W. , Liu Yubing , Stowe Heather , Lu Yangqing , Yu Ping , Gallegos-Cardenas Amalia , Pratt Scott L. , Stice Steven L. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
The recent development of porcine induced pluripotent stem cells (piPSCs) capable of generating chimeric animals, a feat not previously accomplished with embryonic stem cells or iPSCs in a species outside of rodents, has opened the doors for in-depth study of iPSC tumorigenicity, autologous transplantation, and other key aspects to safely move iPSC therapies to the clinic. The study of iPSC tumorigenicity is critical as previous research in the mouse showed that iPSC-derived chimeras possessed large numbers of tumors, rising significant concerns about the safety of iPSC therapies. Additionally, piPSCs capable of generating germline chimeras could revolutionize the transgenic animal field by enabling complex genetic manipulations (e.g., knockout or knockin of genes) to produce biomedically important large animal models or improve livestock production. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time in a nonrodent species germline transmission of iPSCs with the live birth of a transgenic piglet that possessed genome integration of the human POU5F1 and NANOG genes. In addition, gross and histological examination of necropsied porcine chimeras at 2, 7, and 9 months showed that these animals lacked tumor formation and demonstrated normal development. Tissue samples positive for human POU5F1 DNA showed no C-MYC gene expression, further implicating C-MYC as a cause of tumorigenicity. The development of germline-competent porcine iPSCs that do not produce tumors in young chimeric animals presents an attractive and powerful translational model to study the efficacy and safety of stem cell therapies and perhaps to efficiently produce complex transgenic animals.
Three‐dimensional transperineal ultrasound findings associated with anal incontinence after intrapartum sphincter tears in primiparous women
Authors: Valsky D. V. , Cohen S. M. , Lipschuetz M. , Hochner‐Celnikier D. , Yagel S. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractObjectiveThree‐dimensional transperineal sonography (3D‐TPS) performed in women following third‐ or fourth‐degree intrapartum tears repaired with the overlapping technique demonstrates characteristic signs. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation of these signs with clinical complaints of incontinence.MethodsThis was a prospective observational study. Sixty primiparous women underwent 3D‐TPS 3–42 (mean, 10.6) months after surgical repair of third‐ or fourth‐degree postpartum sphincter tears with the overlapping technique and were evaluated for clinical degree of incontinence using the St Mark's Incontinence Score (SMIS) questionnaire. The following signs were assessed on 3D‐TPS: interruption of the internal anal sphincter or external anal sphincter, ‘half moon’ sign, changes in the mucosal folds and thickening of the external anal sphincter in the area of sphincter repair. As a comparison group, 27 primiparous women after normal vaginal delivery, without clinically recognized anal sphincter tears, were evaluated similarly, 3–37 (mean, 9.9) months postpartum.ResultsAbnormal sonographic signs were apparent in 35 (58.3%) of 60 women in the study group, and 39 (65%) of 60 had some clinical complaints of incontinence 3–42 months after delivery, most of a mild degree. Higher SMIS results were found in women of the study group than in those of the comparison group (mean (SD) 2.80 (0.481) vs. 1.15 (0.365); P = 0.018). The rates of incontinence were similar between the women in the study group with normal ultrasound findings and the women in the comparison group (9/25 vs. 10/27; relative risk (RR) = 0.97, 95% CI, 0.47–1.97).ConclusionsSonographic signs of anal sphincter tear and repair had disappeared at follow‐up examination in almost half of the patients, and therefore this examination should be deferred from the early postpartum period. A substantial proportion of women report some complaint of incontinence after sphincter repair, most of a slight degree. Such complaints are associated with abnormal 3D‐TPS findings at follow up, while in women with a normal 3D‐TPS scan the rate of incontinence complaints is similar to that in women after normal delivery. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predicting the filial behaviors of Chinese–Malaysian adolescents from perceived parental investments, filial emotions, and parental warmth and support
Authors: Cheah Charissa S.L. , Bayram Özdemir Sevgi , Leung Christy Y.Y. 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTThe present study examined the mediating role of perceived parental warmth and support in predicting Chinese Malaysian adolescents’ filial behaviors from their age, perceived parental investments, and positive filial emotions toward their parents. The effects of these predictors were examined separately for mothers and fathers. Participants included 122 Chinese adolescents (M = 13.14 years; SD = 2.22) in Malaysia. Adolescents’ perceived parental investments, filial emotions, and warmth and support from each parent were positively, and age was negatively associated with their filial behaviors. No gender differences were found. Perceived maternal warmth and support significantly mediated the effect of age, perceived investments from, and filial emotions toward mothers on adolescents’ filial behaviors, but perceived paternal warmth and support did not have a mediating role. The present study sheds light on the unique maternal versus paternal filial role, and important familial processes in Chinese‐Malaysian children and adolescents from a cultural perspective.
Coblation for epistaxis management in patients with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia: a multicentre case series
Authors: Joshi H , Woodworth B A , Carney A S 
Published: August 2011

AbstractObjective:To propose radiofrequency coblation as a potential treatment modality for mild to moderate epistaxis in patients with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia.Method:Case reports and review of the world literature concerning coblation and other treatment modalities for epistaxis in patients with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia.Results:Effective epistaxis control was achieved in four out of five cases of hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia. In the fifth case, we struggled to achieve haemostasis due to disease severity.Conclusion:Radiofrequency coblation is a novel technique, which was found to be a safe, effective, quick and well tolerated treatment option for epistaxis management in patients with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia.
A multi-site randomized controlled trial of a cognitive skills programme for male mentally disordered offenders: social–cognitive outcomes
Authors: Cullen A. E. , Clarke A. Y. , Kuipers E. , Hodgins S. , Dean K. , Fahy T. 
Published: August 2011

BackgroundCognitive skills programmes have been associated with improvements on psychometric measures and reductions in antisocial behaviour in mentally disordered offenders (MDOs). However, to date there have been no randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of such programmes with this population. In the first RCT of a cognitive skills programme with MDOs we aimed to determine if participation in the Reasoning and Rehabilitation (R&R) programme was associated with improvements in social–cognitive skills and thinking styles.MethodA total of 84 men with a primary diagnosis of psychotic disorder and a history of violence were recruited from medium-secure forensic units and allocated to receive R&R (n=44) or treatment as usual (TAU;n=40). At baseline and post-treatment interviews, participants completed questionnaires to assess social problem-solving, criminal attitudes, anger experience, blame externalizing and perspective-taking. Researchers were not blind to group status.ResultsThe R&R group demonstrated significant improvements on measures of social problem-solving relative to the TAU group, some of which were maintained at 12 months post-treatment. Only half of those allocated to receive R&R completed the full programme. Inpost-hocanalyses programme completers showed improvements in social problem-solving at the end of treatment and changes in criminal attitudes at 12 months post-treatment.ConclusionsAmong male MDOs, R&R participation was associated with improvements in social–cognitive skills, some of which were maintained for up to 12 months post-treatment. Our finding that programme completers do better may reflect pre-treatment patient characteristics. This study establishes that multi-site RCTs can be conducted in medium-secure forensic units.
Insight into the molecular basis for the kinetic differences between the two insulin receptor isoforms
Authors: Knudsen Louise , De Meyts Pierre , Kiselyov Vladislav V. 
Published: August 2011

More than 20 years after the description of the two IR (insulin receptor) isoforms, designated IR-A (lacking exon 11) and IR-B (with exon 11), nearly every functional aspect of the alternative splicing both in vitro and in vivo remains controversial. In particular, there is no consensus on the precise ligand-binding properties of the isoforms. Increased affinity and dissociation kinetics have been reported for IR-A in comparison with IR-B, but the opposite results have also been reported. These are not trivial issues considering the reported possible increased mitogenic potency of IR-A, and the reported link between slower dissociation and increased mitogenesis. We have re-examined the ligand-binding properties of the two isoforms using a novel rigorous mathematical analysis based on the concept of a harmonic oscillator. We found that insulin has 1.5-fold higher apparent affinity towards IR-A and a 2-fold higher overall dissociation rate. Analysis based on the model showed increased association (3-fold) and dissociation (2-fold) rate constants for binding site 1 of IR in comparison with IR-B. We also provide a structural interpretation of these findings on the basis of the structure of the IR ectodomain and the proximity of the sequence encoded by exon 11 to the C-terminal peptide that is a critical trans-component of site 1.
Mesopores provide an amorphous state suitable for studying biomolecular structures at cryogenic temperatures
Authors: Huang Ya-Wen , Lai Yei-Chen , Tsai Chia-Jung , Chiang Yun-Wei 
Published: August 2011

In nano-confinements, aqueous solutions can be found to remain in a liquid state at subfreezing temperatures. The finding provides a means of entering into previously inaccessible temperature regions for studying the dynamics and structure of bulk liquid. Here we show that studying biomolecular structures in nano-confinements improves the accuracy of cryostructures and provides better insight into the relationship between hydration water and biomolecules. Synthetic prion protein peptides are studied in two experimental conditions: (
i
) in confined nanochannels within mesoporous materials, and (
ii
) in vitrified bulk solvents, with a temperature range of 50–275 K, using cw/pulse ESR techniques. A large inhomogeneous lineshape broadening is only observed for the spectra from the vitrified bulk solvent below 70 K, suggesting a possible peptide clustering in the solution. The spin-counting and distance measurements by DEER-ESR provide further evidence that peptides are dispersed homogeneously in mesopores but heterogeneously in vitrified solvents wherein the biomolecular structure is disturbed due to heterogeneity in the bulk solvent structure. Our study demonstrates that the nanospace within mesoporous materials provides an amorphous environment that is better than vitrified bulk solvent for studying biostructures at cryogenic temperatures.
Efficacy of two Ni‐Ti systems and hand files for removing gutta‐percha from root canals
Authors: Mollo A. , Botti G. , Prinicipi Goldoni N. , Randellini E. , Paragliola R. , Chazine M. , Ounsi H. F. , Grandini S. 
Published: August 2011

Mollo A, Botti G, Prinicipi Goldoni N, Randellini E, Paragliola R, Chazine M, Ounsi HF, Grandini S. Efficacy of two Ni‐Ti systems and hand files for removing gutta‐percha from root canals. International Endodontic Journal, 45, 1–6, 2012.AbstractAim  To compare the effectiveness of two Ni‐Ti systems and hand files for removing gutta‐percha and sealer from root canals.Methodology  The root canals of 60 single‐rooted human teeth were prepared, filled with gutta‐percha and sealer (Pulp Canal Sealer; SybronEndo, Orange, CA, USA). Specimens were then divided into three groups (n = 20), and root filling material was removed using MTwo Retreatment Files (group 1); R‐Endo (group 2); K‐files and Gates‐Glidden drills (group 3). After retreatment, the efficacy of each technique was assessed using radiographs that were later digitized and the images analysed using AutoCAD 2004. The percentage of residual gutta‐percha was calculated for the whole canal as well as for the coronal, middle and apical thirds. Time required, apically extruded debris and the number of fractured instruments were also recorded. Data were statistically analysed using Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U‐tests.Results  All instrumentation techniques left gutta‐percha and sealer remnants inside the root canals. Ni‐Ti systems were significantly faster (P < 0.05) than the manual technique and significantly more effective (P < 0.05) in removing gutta‐percha particularly from the middle and apical thirds of the root canal. R‐Endo instrumentation was significantly more effective (P < 0.05) than MTwo retreatment files in removing gutta‐percha from the middle and apical thirds. R‐Endo instruments were associated with the least number of cases of apical extrusion. One MTwo instrument fractured.Conclusions  The Ni‐Ti systems were more effective and faster than hand files, although all techniques left gutta‐percha and sealer remnants on the root canals.
Researching involvement in health care practices: interrupting or reproducing medicalization?
Authors: Donetto Sara , Cribb Alan 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn this paper we reflect upon and problematize the ways in which ‘patient involvement’ is interpreted in a substantial proportion of the research literature on involvement and shared decision making. Drawing upon an analysis of this literature we raise concerns about the ‘medicalization of involvement’ embedded in, and reproduced by, some dominant research lenses, suggesting that this medicalization has powerful discursive and material effects. For example, we suggest that it tends to normalize and arguably trivialize intrinsically problematic and contentious concepts such as ‘patient preferences’ and, at the same time, to obscure the full range of possibilities for reciprocity in the exchanges between the medical world of the professional and the experiential and narrative world of the patient. We argue that richer conceptualizations of collaboration in clinical work are both possible and very much needed, and we indicate some examples of scholarly resources and perspectives that point towards richer and more defensible accounts of involvement. Overall we call for more attention to the idea of ‘epistemic involvement’ and much greater cross‐fertilization between different epistemological paradigms in this area of research.
Contribution of the amygdala, but not orbitofrontal or medial prefrontal cortices, to the expression of flavour preferences in marmoset monkeys
Authors: Agustín‐Pavón Carmen , Parkinson John , Man Mei‐See , Roberts Angela C. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe development of food preferences contributes to a balanced diet, and involves both innate and learnt factors. By associating flavour cues with the reinforcing properties of the food (i.e. postingestive nutrient cues and innately preferred tastes, such as sweetness), animals acquire individual preferences. How the brain codes and guides selection when the subject has to choose between different palatable foods is little understood. To investigate this issue, we trained common marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus) to respond to abstract visual patterns on a touch‐sensitive computer screen to gain access to four different flavoured juices. After preferences were stable, animals received excitotoxic lesions of either the amygdala, the orbitofrontal cortex or the medial prefrontal cortex. Neither the orbitofrontal nor the medial prefrontal cortex lesions affected pre‐surgery‐expressed flavour preferences or the expression of preferences for novel flavours post‐surgery. In contrast, amygdala lesions caused a shift in the preferences for juices expressed pre‐surgery such that, post‐surgery, juices were chosen according to their overall carbohydrate (simple sugars) content or ‘sweetness’. Subsequent tests revealed that amygdala‐lesioned animals only expressed juice preferences if they differed in ‘sweetness’. Unlike controls, orbitofrontal cortex‐lesioned and medial prefrontal cortex‐lesioned animals, they were unable to display preferences between juices matched for ‘sweetness’ i.e. 5% sucrose solutions aromatised with different essential oils. The most parsimonious explanation is that the amygdala contributes to the expression of food preferences based on learnt cues but not those based on an innate preference for sweetness.
The experience of risk as ‘measured vulnerability’: health screening and lay uses of numerical risk
Authors: Gillespie Chris 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAs clinical and epidemiological research turns increasingly to statistical probabilities in the identification and management of disease, numerous risk factors have emerged that are applied to individual health surveillance. However, the application of statistical risk is interpreted differently by lay persons from the way it is by public health or medical professionals. This paper examines the experience of being designated as at risk of a serious health condition. Specifically, an examination of the experiences of people with elevated blood cholesterol levels and men with elevated prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) levels is presented in order to characterise the risk experience. This paper deals primarily with how being at risk symbolically alters health identities, with an introduction to the concept of measured vulnerability. Measured vulnerability refers to the capacity for scientifically‐derived statistical measures that are intended to tame randomness and provide certainty in managing risk to, instead, produce uncertainty and anxiety in those to whom the statistic is applied.
Female acne – a different subtype of teenager acne?
Authors: Preneau S. , Dreno B. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAbove all, acne is considered an adolescent affection. However, in literature as in daily life, female acne is becoming more and more common. According to the articles that cover this subject, the prevalence is estimated from 40% to 50%. The objective of our work was to make an overview of new data about female acne at the clinical and epidemiological level to be precise if female acne has to be considered as a subtype of acne different from teenager acne. This review shows that the most frequently recognized age when speaking about female acne is 25 years old. Most commonly it is a light to moderate acne that mainly affects the face. Two clinical forms can be identified: an inflammatory form, the most frequent, made up of papulo‐pustules and nodules on the lower part of the face and a retentional form made up of blackheads and micro cysts with hyperseborrhoea. Concerning its evolution, it is characterized by three subtypes of which two are predominant: the most frequent form called ‘continue acne’ from adolescence to adult age and the less frequent form called ‘late onset acne’ that starts after 25 years of age. On a physiopathological level two main hypotheses can be proposed. Specific global assessment and therapeutic algorithm would be necessary for female acne, which in addition, in future would have to be considered separately from teenagers for the evaluation of a new drug.
Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic basics of rivaroxaban
Authors: Kreutz Reinhold 
Published: August 2011

AbstractRivaroxaban, an oral, direct factor Xa inhibitor, is a small molecule drug capable of inhibiting not only free factor Xa with high selectivity but also prothrombinase‐bound and clot‐associated factor Xa in a concentration‐dependent manner. Clinical studies have demonstrated predictable anticoagulation and confirmed dose‐proportional effects for rivaroxaban in humans with a rapid onset (within 2–4 h) and a half‐life of 7–11 h and 11–13 h for young and elderly subjects, respectively. For a 10 mg dose, the oral bioavailability of rivaroxaban is high (80–100%) and is not affected by food intake. These favourable pharmacological properties underpin the use of rivaroxaban in fixed dosing regimens, with no need for dose adjustment or routine coagulation monitoring. Rivaroxaban has a dual mode of excretion with the renal route accounting for one‐third of the overall elimination of unchanged active drug. Rivaroxaban is a substrate of CYP3A4 and P‐glycoprotein and therefore not recommended for concomitant use with strong inhibitors of both pathways, e.g. most azole antimycotics and protease inhibitors. Rivaroxaban is currently approved for the prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in adult patients undergoing elective hip or knee replacement surgery. Studies using 10 mg rivaroxaban once daily in this indication demonstrated its suitability for a wide range of patients regardless of age, gender or body weight. Further studies in the treatment of VTE, prevention of cardiovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndrome, prevention of stroke in those with atrial fibrillation and prevention of VTE in hospitalized medically ill patients have been reported or are ongoing.
Effect of Tibial Tuberosity Advancement on the Contact Mechanics and the Alignment of the Patellofemoral and Femorotibial Joints
Authors: Guerrero Tomás G. , Pozzi Antonio , Dunbar Nicholas , Kipfer Nicolas , Haessig Michael , Beth Horodyski Mary , Montavon Pierre M. 
Published: August 2011

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) on patellofemoral (PF) contact mechanics, and alignment of thePFand femorotibial (FT) joints in cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL)‐deficient stifles of dogs.Study DesignEx vivo biomechanical study.AnimalsUnpaired cadaveric hind limbs (n=9).MethodsDigital pressure sensors placed in thePFjoint were used to measure contact force, contact area, peak and mean contact pressure, and peak pressure location with the limb under an axial load of 30% body weight and a stifle angle of 135°. TheFTandPFposes were obtained using a 2‐dimensional computer digitization technique. Each specimen was tested under normal,CrCL‐deficient, andTTA‐treated conditions. Data was normalized and analyzed, after testing for normality byWilk–Shapiro, using 1 sampleT‐test, pairedT‐test, andANOVA;P≤.05 was considered significant.Bonferroni's correction was used when needed.ResultsA significant cranioproximal tibial displacement and increase in patellar tilt were found in theCrCL‐deficient joints. BothFTandPFalignments were restored afterTTA. Contact areas and peak pressure did not vary between conditions. Peak pressure location displaced proximally from intact toCrCL‐deficient condition and returned to normal afterTTA. Total force measured in theCrCL‐deficient stifle andTTAconditions were significantly lower than in the control.ConclusionTTArestored the normalFTandPFalignment, and reduced the retropatellar force by about 20%.