bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term safety and efficacy of upadacitinib versus adalimumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: 5-year data from the phase 3, randomised SELECT-COMPARE study
Authors: Fleischmann Roy , Swierkot Jerzy , Penn Sara K , Durez Patrick , Bessette Louis , Bu Xianwei , Khan Nasser , Li Yihan , Peterfy Charles G , Tanaka Yoshiya , Mysler Eduardo 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesTo assess the safety and efficacy of upadacitinib versus adalimumab from SELECT-COMPARE over 5 years.MethodsPatients with rheumatoid arthritis and inadequate response to methotrexate were randomised to receive upadacitinib 15 mg once daily, placebo or adalimumab 40 mg every other week, all with concomitant methotrexate. By week 26, patients with insufficient response to randomised treatment were rescued; patients remaining on placebo switched to upadacitinib. Patients completing the 48-week double-blind period could enter a long-term extension. Safety and efficacy were assessed through week 264, with radiographic progression analysed through week 192. Safety was assessed by treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs). Efficacy was analysed by randomised group (non-responder imputation (NRI)) or treatment sequence (as observed).ResultsRates of TEAEs were generally similar with upadacitinib versus adalimumab, although numerically higher rates of herpes zoster, lymphopenia, creatine phosphokinase elevation, hepatic disorder and non-melanoma skin cancer were reported with upadacitinib. Numerically greater proportions of patients randomised to upadacitinib versus adalimumab achieved clinical responses (NRI); Clinical Disease Activity Index remission (≤2.8) and Disease Activity Score based on C reactive protein <2.6 were achieved by 24.6% vs 18.7% (nominal p=0.042) and 31.8% vs 23.2% (nominal p=0.006), respectively. Radiographic progression was numerically lower with continuous upadacitinib versus adalimumab at week 192.ConclusionThe safety profile of upadacitinib through 5 years was consistent with the known safety profile of upadacitinib, with no new safety risks. Clinical responses were numerically higher with upadacitinib versus adalimumab at 5 years. Upadacitinib demonstrates a favourable benefit–risk profile for long-term rheumatoid arthritis treatment.Trial registration numberNCT02629159.
End of the world perspective to BCFT
Authors: Kim Kyung Kiu , Kim Sejin , Lee Jung Hun , Park Chanyong , Seo Yunseok 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this work, we study the end-of-the-world (EOW) branes anchored to the boundaries of BCFT$${}_2$$

2

dual to the BTZ black hole. First, we explore the thermodynamics of the boundary system consisting of the conformal boundary and two EOW branes. This thermodynamics is extended by the tension appearing as the effective cosmological constant of JT black holes on the EOW branes. The tension contribution is identified with the shadow entropy equivalent to the boundary entropy of the BCFT$${}_2$$

2

. The thermodynamics of the JT black holes and the bulk of BCFT$${}_2$$

2

can be combined into a novel grafted thermodynamics based on the first law. Second, we focus on the observer’s view of the EOW branes by lowering the temperature. We show that the EOW branes generate a scale called “reefs” inside the horizon. This scale also appears in the grafted thermodynamics. At high temperatures, observers on the EOW branes see their respective event horizons. The reef starts to grow relatively to the horizon size at the temperature, $$T_{grow}$$

T

grow

. As the temperature cools down the reef area fills the entire interior of the JT black holes at the temperature $$T_{out}$$

T

out

. Then, the observers recognize their horizons disappear and see the large density of the energy flux. At this temperature, the two JT regions become causally connected. This connected spacetime has two asymptotic $$AdS_2$$

A
d

S
2

boundaries with a conformal matter. Also, we comment on the grafted thermodynamics to higher dimensions in Appendix B.
Remark on neutrino oscillations
Authors: Fujikawa Kazuo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe oscillations of ultra-relativistic neutrinos are realized by the propagation of assumed zero-mass on-shell neutrinos with the speed of light in vacuum combined with the phase modulation by the small mass term $$\exp [-i(m^{2}_{\nu _{k}}/2|\vec {p}|)\tau ]$$

exp
[
-
i
(

m

ν
k

2

/
2
|

p
→

|
)
τ
]

with a time parameter $$\tau $$
τ
. This picture is realized in the first quantization by the mass expansion and in field theory by the use of $$\delta (x^{0}-y^{0}-\tau ) \langle 0|T^{\star }\nu _{L k}(x)\overline{\nu _{L k}(y)}|0\rangle $$

δ

(

x
0

-

y
0

-
τ
)

⟨
0
|

T
⋆

ν

Lk

(
x
)

ν

Lk

(
y
)

¯

|
0
⟩

with the neutrino mass eigenstates $$\nu _{L k}$$

ν

Lk

and a finite positive $$\tau $$
τ
after the contour integral of the propagating neutrino energies. By noting that the conventional detectors are insensitive to neutrino masses, the measured energy-momenta of the initial and final states with assumed zero-mass neutrinos are conserved. The propagating neutrinos preserve the three-momentum in this sense but the energies of the massive neutrinos are conserved up to uncertainty relations and thus leading to oscillations. Conceptual complications in the case of Majorana neutrinos due to the charge conjugation in $$d=4$$

d
=
4

are also discussed.
On electroweak corrections to neutral current Drell–Yan with the POWHEG BOX
Authors: Chiesa Mauro , Del Pio Clara Lavinia , Piccinini Fulvio 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMotivated by the requirement of a refined and flexible treatment of electroweak corrections to the neutral current Drell–Yan process, we report on recent developments on various input parameter/renormalization schemes for the calculation of fully differential cross sections, including both on-shell and $$\overline{ \mathrm MS}$$

M
S

¯

schemes. The latter are particularly interesting for direct determinations of running couplings at the highest LHC energies. The calculations feature next-to-leading order precision with additional higher order contributions from universal corrections such as $$\varDelta \alpha $$

Δ
α

and $$\varDelta \rho $$

Δ
ρ

. All the discussed input parameter/renormalization scheme options are implemented in the package of dedicated to the neutral current Drell–Yan simulation, i.e. , which is used to obtain the presented numerical results. In particular, a comprehensive analysis on physical observables calculated with different input parameter/renormalization schemes is presented, addressing the Z peak invariant mass region as well as the high energy window. We take the opportunity of reporting also on additional improvements and options introduced in the package after svn revision 3376, such as different options for the treatment of the hadronic contribution to the running of the electromagnetic coupling and for the handling of the unstable Z resonance.
Finsler–Randers–Sasaki gravity and cosmology
Authors: Kapsabelis E. , Saridakis Emmanuel N. , Stavrinos P. C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe present for the first time a Friedmann-like construction in the framework of an osculating Finsler–Randers–Sasaki (F–R–S) geometry. In particular, we consider a vector field in the metric on a Lorentz tangent bundle, and thus the curvatures of horizontal and vertical spaces, as well as the extra contributions of torsion and non-linear connection, provide an intrinsic richer geometrical structure, with additional degrees of freedom, that lead to extra terms in the field equations. Applying these modified field equations at a cosmological setup we extract the generalized Friedmann equations for the horizontal and vertical space, showing that we obtain an effective dark energy sector arising from the richer underlying structure of the tangent bundle. Additionally, as it is common in Finsler-like constructions, we obtain an effective interaction between matter and geometry. Finally, we consider a specific model and we show that it can describe the sequence of matter and dark-energy epochs, and that the dark-energy equation of state can lie in the quintessence or phantom regimes, or cross the phantom divide.
Diversity of fruit fly species in agricultural area Chott Zahrez Chergui (Djel-fa): First record of Trupanea amoena (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Algeria
Authors: Yahiaoui Siham Rekia , Sehl Boudjemaa , Marniche Faiza , Guerzou Ahlem 
Published: May 2024

Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are cosmopolitan, species-rich, and yet poorly studied in Algeria, particularly in the agro area of Djelfa. We sampled fruit flies in orchard containing three types of trees apricot, fig and grapes at each site, using the yellow traps. Results show that the orchard differed significantly in species richness, abundance, diversity and evenness. A total of 956 individuals distributed by nine species of Diptera, including four species of fruit flies are collected. The results revealed that most abundant species are Drosophila melanogaster at the apricot fruit site (RA%=28.32%), Zaprionus indianus at fig fruit site (RA%=34.74 %) and Tephritis praecox at the grapes fruit site with (RA%= 51.61 %). The orchard selected a greater number of species and individuals, and higher diversity indices H′=2.40 bits; 2.32 bits and 2.02 bits. Statistically, the result of stepwise multiple regressions revealed a very strong correlation between the number of fruit fly species and the temperatures with (r=93.1%) and (Sig .000**). Thus, fruit flies appear to have rather arrow with the host plant requirements and their phenology was correlated with environmental differences. Our study highlighted for; the first time; the presence of Trupanea amoena in Algeria. This important and substantial preliminary work on this new species in Algeria provides a solid basis for future research and extension of the study in particular for monitoring and control of this dreaded agricultural pest.
In vitro digestion and fermentation of animal-derived fermentable substrates using canine and feline faecal inoculum
Authors: Butowski C.F. , Young W. , Thomas D.G. , Bermingham E.N. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
There is increasing interest in understanding the fermentative benefits of animal-derived fermentable substrates (ADFS) in pet foods. While previous research has assessed various ADFS using faecal inoculum derived from the cat, there is no published literature available for the dog. Additionally, very little is understood of the fermentation profiles of ADFS, such as skin and bone. Therefore, faeces were collected from a cohort of cats and dogs fed a complete and balanced high-protein diet and a selection of substrates were analysed in this study. Individual ADFS (tendon, bone cake, mechanically deboned meat (MDM), corium and hydrolysed collagen (a positive control)) were digested in vitro, followed by fermentation using either canine or feline faecal inoculum. Concentrations of butyrate, indole and ammonia were determined after 24 h of fermentation. Regardless of whether cat or dog faecal inoculum was used, fermentation of hydrolysed collagen produced the highest (P < 0.01) concentrations of butyrate and ammonia and the lowest concentrations of indole. For the other substrates, there were differences in the fermentation profiles between the canine and feline inocula. During the feline faecal fermentations, in comparison to the other substrates bone cake produced high (P < 0.05) butyrate concentrations, whereas in the dog faecal fermentations, MDM resulted in high (P < 0.05) butyrate concentrations. In conclusion, ADFS from different alternative co-products lead to different fermentation products, providing valuable information which may be considered in canine and feline dietary formulations.
Food Culture in Precolonial Taiwan
Authors: Joby Christopher 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Central to food culture are food practices that encompass any activity in which food is involved. Furthermore, food culture studies analyse the many meanings generated by these practices. This article explores food culture in precolonial Taiwan. It charts the meanings generated by the food practices of the Siraya, a Formosan ethnic group who lived in southwest Taiwan and had intensive contact with Dutch East India Company colonisers and an array of Chinese in the seventeenth century. The article analyses the rich variety of edible animals, plants, and fish, and drinks available in Taiwan before focusing on Siraya food practices and the meanings generated by these practices. These include the use of food for sacrifice, funeral rites, gifting, and exchange. The article also examines taboos around food and their social function. Furthermore, it compares Siraya food culture with that of other Formosan groups and pre-Columbian America.
Academic Freedom and Patterns of Self-Censorship in Psychology Education in Turkey
Authors: Hünler Olga S. , Namer Yudit , Düzen N. Ekrem 
Published: May 2024

Background The recent academic purge in Turkey eventuated by a twin wave starting in January 2016 was unprecedented. Two years of statutory rule after the July 2016 failed coup further damaged the rule of law. Even the legal authorities did not respect fundamental human rights. Psychology faculty had to keep a low profile to avoid further encroachments. Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the extent to which psychology faculty discerned research and teaching-bound sociopolitical risks and exercised mitigation strategies. Method Sixty-three faculty responded to a questionnaire assessing risk appraisals and mitigation appeals countering threats to their research and teaching. Results Faculty remained inactive against high-risk appraisal in research and appealed to avoidance or vagueness when their risk appraisals were moderate. By contrast, avoidance was the primary strategy, compared to vagueness or inaction, in risk-bearing teaching. Conclusion Faculty try to cope with the adverse negative intellectual climate by being highly selective in their research and teaching. They appeal to differential strategies in either domain. Teaching Implications Research in risk apprehension and mitigation along with studies highlighting shared experiences may inform psychology departments on how to proceed under antagonistic circumstances.
Interior noise prediction of inter-coach space of high-speed maglev trains based on wavenumber decomposition on aerodynamic excitation
Authors: Wang Rusi , Huang Jingyu 
Published: May 2024

Current research on noise and vibration control of high-speed maglev trains pays more attention to far-field noise, while the level of interior noise has a direct impact on the ride comfort and should be placed equal weight on. In this paper, inter-coach space, one of the main pressure fluctuation sources of a specific type of high-speed maglev train with a design speed of 600 km·h−1, is taken as the research object. The turbulent and acoustic components of wall pressure fluctuations (WPF) are separated based on a wavenumber-frequency analysis approach, and then each component is applied as different forms of source input to the vibroacoustic model, namely, finite element method-boundary element method (FEM-BEM) and statistical energy analysis (SEA) for low- and high-frequency ranges respectively, to investigate the contribution of both components to interior acoustic cavity in all frequency range. It can be seen quantitatively from the results that the amplitude of turbulent component is generally much higher than that of the acoustic one, but it can be vice versa when it comes to the interior response. The conclusion drawn in this paper are able to provide guidance for future researches on more targeted interior noise control of high-speed maglev trains.
Did Precious Metals Serve as Hedge and Safe-haven Alternatives to Equity During the COVID-19 Pandemic: New Insights Using a Copula-based Approach
Authors: Banerjee Ameet Kumar , Pradhan HK 
Published: May 2024

We examine the hedging and safe-haven characteristics of gold, silver, platinum, and palladium and three major indices in the US market. The metal markets are known for their hedging characteristics during financial distress. This article sheds new insights using high-frequency data into precious metals’ hedging and safe-haven abilities under extreme market volatility conditions attributed to the COVID-19 crisis using the copula method. The results show that gold outperforms all other precious metals in hedging and as a safe haven under extreme stock market conditions, in both the pre-crisis and crisis periods, with silver as the next best alternative. JEL codes: G01, G11, G15, G19
Insulin Requirements According to Sex and Weight in a Population of 9036 Adult Persons With Type 1 Diabetes Using Closed-Loop Insulin Delivery
Authors: Lebbad Hocine , Desir Chesner , Vesin Aurélien , Adenis Alice , Charpentier Guillaume , Benhamou Pierre-Yves 
Published: May 2024

Background: The prediction of the individual insulin needs may facilitate the initiation of insulin therapy. Our aim was to explore the relationships between body weight, sex, and daily amounts of insulin delivered by a hybrid closed-loop system. Methods: We performed a retrospective data collection of all consenting adult patients with type 1 diabetes who were equipped in Europe with the Diabeloop Generation 1 (DBLG1) hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery device between March 1, 2021 and February 28, 2023. Results: A total of 9036 users (59% females, age 45.6 ± 14.3 years) were included, reaching a mean follow-up of 320 ± 143 days, an overall 2 887 188 days of data. We observed a mean insulin-weight ratio of 0.617 ± 0.207 U/kg (0.665 ± 0.217 for males and 0.584 ± 0.193 for females, P < .001). Exploratory analysis of a subset of 4066 patients reaching >70% Time in Range (70-180 mg/dL) showed a mean insulin-weight ratio of 0.55 ± 0.17 U/kg ( P < .001) (0.59 ± 0.18 for the 1438 males and 0.53 ± 0.16 for the 2628 females). Conclusion: This large real-world analysis provides a quantitative estimation of the daily insulin requirements in adult patients with type 1 diabetes and shows significant differences between sex. These findings have relevant implications in the practical management of insulin therapy.
The Association of High and Low Glycation With Incident Diabetic Retinopathy in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Shah Viral N. , Kanapka Lauren G. , Karakus Kagan Ege , Kollman Craig , Beck Roy W. 
Published: May 2024

Background: We investigated the risk of incident diabetic retinopathy (DR) among high glycator compared to low glycator patients based on the hemoglobin glycation index (HGI). Visit-to-visit variations in HGI also were assessed. Methods: Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and continuous glucose monitoring data were collected up to 7 years prior to the date of eye examination defining incident DR or no retinopathy (control). Hemoglobin glycation index was calculated as difference in measured HbA1c and an estimated A1c from sensor glucose (eA1c) to define high (HbA1c − eA1c >0%) or low (HbA1c − eA1c <0%) glycator. Stable glycators were defined as ≥75% of visits with same HGI category. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between glycation category and incident DR. Results: Of 119 adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D), 49 (41%) were stable low glycator (HbA1c − eA1c <0%), 36 (30%) were stable high glycator (HbA1c − eA1c >0%), and 34 (29%) were unstable glycator. Using alternate criteria to define high vs low glycator (consistent difference in HbA1c − eA1c of > 0.4% or <0.4%, respectively), 53% of the adults were characterized as unstable glycator. Compared to low glycators, high glycators did not have a significantly higher risk for incident DR over time when adjusted for age, T1D duration and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) sensor type (odds ratio [OR] = 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.48-3.62, P = .15). Conclusions: The risk of diabetic retinopathy was not found to differ significantly comparing high glycators to low glycators in adults with T1D. Moreover, HbA1c − eA1c relationship was not stable in nearly 30% to 50% adults with T1D, suggesting that discordance in HbA1c and eA1c are mostly related either HbA1c measurements or estimation of A1c from sensor glucose rather than physiological reasons.
Association between nutritional status assessed by a digital self-administered tool (R+ dietitian) and clinicopathologic factors in cancer patients: A comprehensive analysis
Authors: Zhu Jianmei , Wang Silu , Li Tenglong , Long Zhiwen , He Chengyuan , Xie Ke , Huang Shan 
Published: May 2024

Objective Malnutrition is prevalent among cancer patients, smartphone-based self-administered nutritional assessment tools offer a promising solution for effective nutritional screening. This study aims to retrospectively analyze the relationships between nutritional status evaluated by the digital tool (R+ Dietitian) and clinicopathologic factors of cancer patients. Methods Cancer patients who met the inclusion criteria were divided into two subgroups based on age, Nutritional Risk Screening-2002, Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment Short Form, body mass index, and hospital stays for comparison. Correlation and regression analysis were used to comprehensively assess the relationship between nutritional status and clinicopathologic factors. Findings A total of 535 hospitalized cancer patients (58.32 ± 11.24 years old) were recruited. Patients identified with nutritional risk assessed by R+ Dietitian were significantly older, had lower body weight, lower body mass index, greater weight loss, and longer hospital stays (all of above, P < 0.01). Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that serum prealbumin concentration (odds ratio: 0.992, 95% confidence interval: 0.987–0.997, P = 0.001), weight loss (odds ratio: 7.309, 95% confidence interval: 4.026–13.270, P < 0.001), and body mass index < 18.5 (odds ratio: 5.882, 95% confidence interval: 2.695–12.821, P < 0.001) predicted nutritional risk indicated by Nutritional Risk Screening-2002 score ≥3. Hemoglobin concentration (odds ratio: 0.983, 95% confidence interval: 0.970–0.996, P = 0.011), weight (odds ratio: 1.111, 95% confidence interval: 1.056–1.169, P < 0.001), weight loss (odds ratio: 7.502, 95% confidence interval: 4.394–12.810, P < 0.001), body mass index (odds ratio: 0.661, 95% confidence interval: 0.564–0.775, P < 0.001), and energy intake (odds ratio: 0.996, 95% confidence interval: 0.995–0.997, P < 0.001) predicted nutritional risk indicated by Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment Short Form score ≥4. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment Short Form scores ≥3 ( b = 2.032, P = 0.008) were significantly associated with longer hospital stays. Conclusions The nutritional risks assessed by R+ Dietitian accurately reflected the characteristics of malnutrition in cancer patients and predicted hospital stay and cost, indicating the applicability of R+ Dietitian to improving the efficiency of nutritional management for cancer patients.