bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial resistance and phylogenetic groups in isolates of Escherichia coli from seagulls at the Berlengas nature reserve
Authors: Radhouani H. , Poeta P. , Igrejas G. , Gonçalves A. , Vinué L. , Torres C. 
Published: October 2010

Fifty‐three faecal samples from yellow‐legged gulls (Larus cachinnans) at the Berlengas nature reserve in Portugal were cultured on Levine agar plates not supplemented with antimicrobial agents, and one Escherichia coli colony was isolated and identified from each sample. The percentages of resistant isolates for each of the drugs were ampicillin (43·4 per cent), tetracycline (39·6 per cent), nalidixic acid (34·0 per cent), streptomycin (32·1 per cent), trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (SXT) (26·4 per cent), ciprofloxacin (18·9 per cent), chloramphenicol (18·9 per cent), gentamicin (7·5 per cent), tobramycin (7·5 per cent) amikacin (5·7 per cent) and amoxicillin‐clavulanic acid (1·9 per cent). All the isolates were susceptible to cefoxitin, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, aztreonam and imipenem. The following resistance genes were detected: bla TEM (17 of 23 ampicillin‐resistant isolates), tet (A) and/or tet (B) (18 of 21 tetracycline‐resistant isolates), aadA (12 of 17 streptomycin‐resistant isolates), cmlA (all chloramphenicol‐resistant isolates), aac(3)‐II with or without aac(3)‐IV (all four gentamicinresistant isolates), and sul1 and/or sul2 and/or sul3 (all 14 SXT‐resistant isolates). The intI1 gene was detected in 10 of 14 SXT‐resistant isolates, and three of them also contained class 2 integrons; four different gene cassette arrangements were identified among class 1 integrons (aadA, dfrA1 +aadA1, dfrA12 +orfF +aadA2 and sat +psp +aadA2) and one among the class 2 integrons (dfrA1 +sat +aadA1). Ninety per cent of the isolates were included in the A or B1 phylogenetic groups.
Investigation into the pathology of shoulder ulcerations in sows
Authors: Jensen H. E. 
Published: October 2010

The pathogenesis and pathology of 421 cases of shoulder ulcerations in sows were examined and compared with 95 normal shoulders. The ulcerations started on the surface as a result of thrombosis and gradually progressed inwards to the tuber spina scapula. At each stage the lesions contained multiple bacterial colonies, and as the ulcerations progressed the amount of granulation tissues and fibroplasia increased. In 45 of the 95 normal shoulders there were areas of acute haemorrhage, oedema and fibroplasia, which followed the cords of normal fibrous tissue. However, in these cases the tissue was never necrotic, and the reaction was comparable with the subcutaneous lesions caused by blunt trauma to the skin.
Enteral fluid therapy in 108 horses with large colon impactions and dorsal displacements
Authors: Monreal L. , Navarro M. , Armengou L. , José‐Cunilleras E. , Cesarini C. , Segura D. 
Published: October 2010

To assess the effect of enteral fluid therapy (EFT) in horses with colic, 78 adult horses with colon impactions and 30 with left dorsal colon displacements received an isotonic electrolyte solution via a nasogastric tube at a rate of 8 to 10 l every two hours until resolution of clinical signs. Clinical progression was monitored closely, and plasma biochemistry was evaluated before, during and after treatment. Volume of fluids, time to resolution, and outcome were also recorded. EFT was well tolerated by 102 of 108 horses and was an effective method to resolve 99 per cent of colon impactions and 83 per cent of displacements. For both groups, the mean (sd) time to resolution was 20.2 (5.2) hours and the volume of fluid administered was 118.6 (34.5) l. No relevant abnormalities were observed in most plasma biochemistry parameters during treatment, except for a mild haemodilution effect in 63 per cent of horses.
Occurrence ofMycoplasma hyopneumoniaeinfections in suckling and nursery pigs in a region of high pig density
Authors: Nathues H. , Kubiak R. , Tegeler R. , Beilage E. Grosse 
Published: October 2010

The occurrence ofMycoplasma hyopneumoniaeinfections in young pigs was surveyed in a retrospective study of 1122 datasets obtained from routine diagnostics where either suckling or nursery pigs were examined forM hyopneumoniaein lung tissue. Findings were correlated with the presence of lung lesions, detection of other respiratory pathogens, vaccination history and parameters describing the herd of origin. The prevalence ofM hyopneumoniaein lung tissue from 201 suckling pigs was 2.0 per cent and, therefore, significantly lower than in lung tissue from 921 nursery pigs, which was 9.3 per cent. Previous use of antimicrobials and the vital status of the pigs when delivered for postmortem examination did not influence the detection ofM hyopneumoniaeinfection. The presence of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)‐EU genotype,Pasteurella multocida, Haemophilus parasuis, Mycoplasma hyorhinisorStreptococcus suiswas correlated with a higher probability of also findingM hyopneumoniae. The history of vaccination, the time of the first or second application, and the type of vaccine (one‐ versus two‐shot) did not influence the detection ofM hyopneumoniae. A correlation between the type of herd and the presence ofM hyopneumoniaewas statistically insignificant and no effect of farrowing rhythm could be confirmed.
Foreign body‐associated intestinal pyogranuloma resulting in intestinal obstruction in four dogs
Authors: Papazoglou L. G. , Tontis D. , Loukopoulos P. , Patsikas M. N. , Hermanns W. , Kouti V. , Timotheou T. , Liapis I. , Tziris N. , Rallis T. S. 
Published: October 2010

Intestinal obstruction resulting from an intramural foreign body‐associated pyogranuloma was diagnosed in four dogs. Vomiting and weight loss were the main clinical signs. On physical examination, a mass in the abdomen was detected in three dogs. Abdominal radiography demonstrated the presence of soft tissue opacity in three of the dogs and gas‐filled dilated intestinal loops in all four dogs. Abdominal ultrasonography showed hyperkinetic fluid‐filled dilated intestinal loops and a hypoechoic small intestinal mass in all the dogs. Exploratory coeliotomy confirmed the presence of a jejunal mass, which was removed by resection and anastomosis in all the dogs. In one of the dogs a linear foreign body was also found cranial to the mass and was removed through a separate enterotomy incision. The lesions were diagnosed as foreign body‐associated intestinal pyogranulomas on histological examination. Three dogs recovered without complications, but the fourth showed signs of septic peritonitis four days after surgery and was euthanased at the owner’s request. The other three dogs remained disease‐free 12 to 42 months after surgery.
Characterisation of milbemycin‐, avermectin‐, imidazothiazole‐ and benzimidazole‐resistant Teladorsagia circumcincta from a sheep flock
Authors: Sargison N. D. , Jackson F. , Wilson D. J. , Bartley D. J. , Penny C. D. , Gilleard J. S. 
Published: October 2010

Selection for milbemycin resistance in a population of Teladorsagia circumcincta was examined in a sheep flock in which a lack of persistence of an oral dose of 0.2 mg/kg moxidectin against T circumcincta had previously been identified. A faecal egg count reduction test also showed resistance to benzimidazole, levamisole and avermectin anthelmintic groups. Bioassays were used to compare the moxidectin‐resistant T circumcincta with another previously characterised benzimidazole‐, levamisole‐ and ivermectin‐resistant (MTci5) strain that had been isolated from a sheep flock in the same region in south‐east Scotland and with an anthelmintic‐susceptible (MTci3) strain of T circumcincta. The mean ED50 value (the concentration of drug required to prevent 50 per cent of eggs from hatching) obtained for thiabendazole in egg hatch assays was higher in the moxidectin‐resistant T circumcincta than in the ivermectin‐resistant MTci5 strain. The inclusion of the cytochrome p450 inhibitor piperonyl butoxide in larval feeding inhibition assays increased the level of ivermectin resistance in vitro in the ivermectin‐ and moxidectin‐resistant populations, but not in the ivermectin‐susceptible MTci3 strain of T circumcincta.
Induction of anaesthesia with alfaxalone or propofol before isoflurane maintenance in cats
Authors: Martinez Taboada F. , Murison P. J. 
Published: October 2010

Thirty‐nine healthy cats that were presented for ovariohysterectomy received intramuscular acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg) and subcutaneous meloxicam (0.3 mg/kg) as preanaesthetic medication. They were then randomly assigned to receive either propofol or alfaxalone by intravenous injection for induction of anaesthesia, administered to effect until tracheal intubation was possible. Anaesthesia was maintained with isoflurane in oxygen. Cardiorespiratory variables were measured before induction and every five minutes throughout anaesthesia. The recovery times and quality of recovery were also recorded. Data relating to one cat were omitted because it was found to be pregnant. The mean (sd) induction doses were 4.7 (1.2) mg/kg for alfaxalone and 7.5 (2.0) mg/kg for propofol. Postinduction apnoea was not observed. There were no significant differences in cardiorespiratory variables between the alfaxalone group (mean pulse rate [PR] 155 [18]) bpm, Doppler arterial blood pressure [DBP] 73 [6] mmHg, respiratory rate [RR] 31 [8] breaths/minute, end‐tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure [PECO2] 3.7 [0.8] kPa) and the propofol group (PR 147 [16] bpm, DBP 77 [12] mmHg, RR 32 [8] breaths/minute, PECO2 3.7 [0.5] kPa). Recovery times were very similar and the quality of recovery was considered fair or good in most cats in both groups. The induction of anaesthesia, the cardiorespiratory variables and the recovery were clinically acceptable and similar after induction with either alfaxalone or propofol.
Effect of the addition of tramadol to a combination of tiletamine‐zolazepam and xylazine for anaesthesia of miniature pigs
Authors: Lu D‐Z. , Fan H‐G. , Wang H‐B. , Hu K. , Zhang J‐T. , Yu S‐M. 
Published: October 2010

This study investigated the effects of a combination of tiletamine‐zolazepam and xylazine plus tramadol (TZXT) and compared the efficacy of this combination with that of tiletaminezolazepam and xylazine (TZX) for providing anaesthesia in Chinese experimental miniature pigs. Fourteen healthy, eight‐month‐old miniature pigs of both sexes were immobilised with TZXT or TZX on two different occasions. The pigs' immobilisation and analgesia scores and baseline physiological parameters (heart rate, respiratory rate, non‐invasive systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressures, arterial haemoglobin oxygen saturation and rectal temperature) were determined before and five, 10, 30, 45, 60, 80 and 100 minutes after the administration of TZXT or TZX. Pigs in both groups became laterally recumbent within three minutes. Some physiological parameters were changed after administration of the drug combinations, but they remained within biologically acceptable limits and were not significantly different between the two treatments. The use of TZXT resulted in better induction time and quality of recovery compared with TZX, with higher scores for sedation, analgesia, muscle relaxation, posture and auditory response. The animals were much calmer during recovery after TZXT immobilisation.
Effect of a saline chaser for contrast enhancement of computed tomographic angiography in cattle
Authors: Lee K. , Kishimoto M. , Shimizu J. , Iwasaki T. , Miyake Y. , Yamada K. 
Published: October 2010

Computed tomographic angiography was performed on nine normal Holstein calves in a crossover method to investigate the effect of a saline chaser for enhancement of the maxillary arteries and dorsal sagittal sinus. One group was administered a contrast injection (600 mg iodine/kg at 4 ml/s) followed by 50 ml of a saline chaser at the same rate as the contrast material. The second group was administered a contrast injection without a saline chaser. Addition of the saline chaser to the contrast material resulted in a higher peak attenuation in the maxillary artery (244.45 ± 36.19 v 202.20 ± 27.07, P&#60;0.05) and dorsal sagittal sinus (241.2 ± 31.51 v 198.88 ± 21.09, P&#60;0.05). These results indicate that a contrast injection followed by saline chaser increased uptake in contrast‐enhanced CT.
Review of the safety and efficacy of long‐term NSAID use in the treatment of canine osteoarthritis
Authors: Innes J. F. , Clayton J. , Lascelles B. D. X. 
Published: October 2010

The published, peer‐reviewed literature was systematically searched for information on the safety and efficacy of long‐term (defined as 28 days or more of continuous therapy) NSAID use in the treatment of canine osteoarthritis. Online databases were reviewed in June 2008 and papers were selected based on their relevance. Fifteen papers were identified and evaluated. Six of seven papers indicated a benefit of long‐term treatment over short‐term treatment in terms of the reduction of clinical signs or lameness; one study showed no benefit. Fourteen papers evaluated safety with calculated experimental (adverse) event rates (EER) between 0 and 0.31, but there was no correlation between study length and EER (rs=‐0.109, P=0.793). The balance of evidence for the efficacy of NSAIDs supports longer‐term use of these agents for increased clinical effect. There is no indication in the literature that such an approach is associated with a reduction in safety, although robust data on the safety of long‐term NSAID use are lacking in large numbers of dogs.
In Vivo Therapeutic Gas Delivery for Neuroprotection With Echogenic Liposomes
Authors: Britton George L. , Kim Hyunggun , Kee Patrick H. , Aronowski Jaroslaw , Holland Christy K. , McPherson David D. , Huang Shao-Ling 
Published: October 2010

Background—
Ischemia-related neurological injury is a primary cause of stroke disability. Studies have demonstrated that xenon (Xe) may have potential as an effective and nontoxic neuroprotectant. Xe delivery is, however, hampered by lack of suitable administration methods. We have developed a pressurization-freeze method to encapsulate Xe into echogenic liposomes (Xe-ELIP) and have modulated local gas release with transvascular ultrasound exposure.

Methods and Results—
Fifteen microliters of Xe were encapsulated into each 1 mg of liposomes (70% Xe and 30% argon). Xe delivery from Xe-ELIP into cells and consequent neuroprotective effects were evaluated with oxygen/glucose-deprived and control neuronal cells in vitro. Xe-ELIP were administered into Sprague-Dawley rats intravenously or intra-arterially after right middle cerebral artery occlusion. One-megahertz low-amplitude (0.18 MPa) continuous wave ultrasound directed onto the internal carotid artery triggered Xe release from circulating Xe-ELIP. Effects of Xe delivery on ischemia-induced neurological injury and disability were evaluated. Xe-ELIP delivery to oxygen/glucose-deprived neuronal cells improved cell viability in vitro and resulted in a 48% infarct volume decrease in vivo. Intravenous Xe-ELIP administration in combination with the ultrasound directed onto the carotid artery enhanced local Xe release from circulating Xe-ELIP and demonstrated 75% infarct volume reduction. This was comparable to the effect after intra-arterial administration. Behavioral tests on limb placement and grid and beam walking correlated with infarct reduction.

Conclusions—
This novel methodology may provide a noninvasive strategy for ultrasound-enhanced local therapeutic gas delivery for cerebral ischemia–related injury while minimizing systemic side effects.
Enhanced External Counterpulsation Improves Peripheral Artery Flow-Mediated Dilation in Patients With Chronic Angina
Authors: Braith Randy W. , Conti C. Richard , Nichols Wilmer W. , Choi Calvin Y. , Khuddus Matheen A. , Beck Darren T. , Casey Darren P. 
Published: October 2010

Background—
Mechanisms responsible for anti-ischemic benefits of enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) remain unknown. This was the first randomized sham-controlled study to investigate the extracardiac effects of EECP on peripheral artery flow-mediated dilation.

Methods and Results—

Forty-two symptomatic patients with coronary artery disease were randomized (2:1 ratio) to thirty-five 1-hour sessions of either EECP (n=28) or sham EECP (n=14). Flow-mediated dilation of the brachial and femoral arteries was performed with the use of ultrasound. Plasma levels of nitrate and nitrite, 6-keto-prostaglandin F
1α
, endothelin-1, asymmetrical dimethylarginine, tumor necrosis factor-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and 8-isoprostane were measured. EECP increased brachial (+51% versus +2%) and femoral (+30% versus +3%) artery flow-mediated dilation, the nitric oxide turnover/production markers nitrate and nitrite (+36% versus +2%), and 6-keto-prostaglandin F
1α
(+71% versus +1%), whereas it decreased endothelin-1 (−25% versus +5%) and the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor asymmetrical dimethylarginine (−28% versus +0.2%) in treatment versus sham groups, respectively (all
P
<0.05). EECP decreased the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (−16% versus +12%), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (−13% versus +0.2%), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (−6% versus +1%), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (−32% versus +5%), and the lipid peroxidation marker 8-isoprostane (−21% versus +1.3%) in treatment versus sham groups, respectively (all
P
<0.05). EECP reduced angina classification (−62% versus 0%;
P
<0.001) in treatment versus sham groups, respectively.

Conclusions—
Our findings provide novel mechanistic evidence that EECP has a beneficial effect on peripheral artery flow-mediated dilation and endothelial-derived vasoactive agents in patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease.
Metabolic Modulator Perhexiline Corrects Energy Deficiency and Improves Exercise Capacity in Symptomatic Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Abozguia Khalid , Elliott Perry , McKenna William , Phan Thanh Trung , Nallur-Shivu Ganesh , Ahmed Ibrar , Maher Abdul R. , Kaur Kulvinder , Taylor Jenny , Henning Anke , Ashrafian Houman , Watkins Hugh , Frenneaux Michael 
Published: October 2010

Background—
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients exhibit myocardial energetic impairment, but a causative role for this energy deficiency in the pathophysiology of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy remains unproven. We hypothesized that the metabolic modulator perhexiline would ameliorate myocardial energy deficiency and thereby improve diastolic function and exercise capacity.

Methods and Results—

Forty-six consecutive patients with symptomatic exercise limitation (peak V̇
o
2
<75% of predicted) caused by nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (mean age, 55±0.26 years) were randomized to perhexiline 100 mg (n=24) or placebo (n=22). Myocardial ratio of phosphocreatine to adenosine triphosphate, an established marker of cardiac energetic status, as measured by
31
P magnetic resonance spectroscopy, left ventricular diastolic filling (heart rate normalized time to peak filling) at rest and during exercise using radionuclide ventriculography, peak V̇o
2
, symptoms, quality of life, and serum metabolites were assessed at baseline and study end (4.6±1.8 months). Perhexiline improved myocardial ratios of phosphocreatine to adenosine triphosphate (from 1.27±0.02 to 1.73±0.02 versus 1.29±0.01 to 1.23±0.01;
P
=0.003) and normalized the abnormal prolongation of heart rate normalized time to peak filling between rest and exercise (0.11±0.008 to −0.01±0.005 versus 0.15±0.007 to 0.11±0.008 second;
P
=0.03). These changes were accompanied by an improvement in primary end point (peak V̇
o
2
) (22.2±0.2 to 24.3±0.2 versus 23.6±0.3 to 22.3±0.2 mL · kg
−1
· min
−1
;
P
=0.003) and New York Heart Association class (
P
<0.001) (all
P
values ANCOVA, perhexiline versus placebo).

Conclusions—
In symptomatic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, perhexiline, a modulator of substrate metabolism, ameliorates cardiac energetic impairment, corrects diastolic dysfunction, and increases exercise capacity. This study supports the hypothesis that energy deficiency contributes to the pathophysiology and provides a rationale for further consideration of metabolic therapies in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00500552.
Pediatric Metabolic Syndrome Predicts Adulthood Metabolic Syndrome, Subclinical Atherosclerosis, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus but Is No Better Than Body Mass Index Alone
Authors: Magnussen Costan G. , Koskinen Juha , Chen Wei , Thomson Russell , Schmidt Michael D. , Srinivasan Sathanur R. , Kivimäki Mika , Mattsson Noora , Kähönen Mika , Laitinen Tomi , Taittonen Leena , Rönnemaa Tapani , Viikari Jorma S.A. , Berenson Gerald S. , Juonala Markus , Raitakari Olli T. 
Published: October 2010

Background—
The clinical utility of identifying pediatric metabolic syndrome (MetS) is controversial. This study sought to determine the status of pediatric MetS as a risk factor for adult subclinical atherosclerosis (carotid intima-media thickness [cIMT]) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and compare and contrast this prediction with its individual components.

Methods and Results—
Using data from the population-based, prospective, observational Bogalusa Heart and Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns studies, we examined the utility of 4 categorical definitions of youth MetS and their components in predicting adult high cIMT and T2DM among 1781 participants aged 9 to 18 years at baseline (1984 to 1988) who were then examined 14 to 27 years later (2001–2007) when aged 24 to 41 years. Youth with MetS were at 2 to 3 times the risk of having high cIMT and T2DM as adults compared with those free of MetS at youth. Risk estimates with the use of high body mass index were similar to those of MetS phenotypes in predicting adult outcomes. Comparisons of area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and net reclassification index suggested that prediction of adult MetS, high cIMT, and T2DM in adulthood with the use of youth MetS was either equivalent or inferior to classification based on high body mass index or overweight and obesity.

Conclusions—
Youth with MetS are at increased risk of meaningful adult outcomes; however, the simplicity of screening for high BMI or overweight and obesity in the pediatric setting offers a simpler, equally accurate alternative to identifying youth at risk of developing adult MetS, high cIMT, or T2DM.