bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Standardized In-Bed Mobility Protocol to Increase Functional Outcomes in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kupferschmid Megan , Monk Samantha , Poorman Jamie , Gehlbach Jonathan , Burkiewicz Kimberly , Henrekin LaMonica , Ledford Cara , Welty Maureen , Tripathi Sandeep 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe primary aim of this study is to determine whether a standardized in-bed mobility protocol involving an in-bed cycle ergometer in critically ill children increases functional outcomes as measured by the Functional Status Scale (FSS) and dynamometer measurements compared with patients participating in standard rehabilitation care. The secondary aim was to compare hospital length of stay (HLOS) between the two groups. This pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted between April 2021 and December 2022. Eligible patients were randomized to the intervention group (up to 30 minutes of daily in-bed cycle ergometer use) or the control group (standardized rehabilitation care). During the study duration, 30 patients were randomized (13 in the control group and 17 in the intervention group). The difference in whole-body muscle strength measurements (enrollment vs. completion of study) was higher in the experimental group (3.68 lbs.) compared with the control group (1.5 lbs.). However, the difference between groups was not statistically significant (p = 0.18). Both the intervention group and the control group showed similar significant improvements in the FSS scores throughout the therapy, with no difference between the two groups. There was a significant positive correlation between exercise time and change in muscle strength (r = 0.75, p = 0.002). No difference in HLOS was detected in the study. Results from this pilot RCT suggest a trend toward benefits from using in-bed cycle ergometers. These devices may be an additional modality for preserving muscle function in critically ill children. Larger multicentric studies are needed for more conclusive evidence.
Drug Administration Patterns in Patients on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Green Danielle J. , Norris Jesse G. , McKnite Autumn , Hall Mark W. , Watt Kevin M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to identify drug administration patterns in patients of all ages supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) across multiple institutions and determine which of the most commonly administered drugs lack published dosing guidance.We conducted a retrospective, multicenter database study using the TriNetX data network and the Pediatric Health Information Systems database. All adults and children supported with ECMO were included for analysis. Drug exposure and days of use were described according to age category (Infants [<2 years], Children [≥2 and <18 years], and Adults [≥18 years]). The literature was reviewed for the top 50 most commonly administered drugs in all ages; all pharmacokinetic and ex vivo studies were included.A total of 17,909 patients were analyzed. The patient population comprised 24% adults (n = 4,253), 18% children (n = 3266), and 58% infants (n = 10,390). The 10 most commonly administered drugs, by days of use, were heparin, furosemide, midazolam, morphine, fentanyl, vancomycin, milrinone, hydrocortisone, epinephrine, and lorazepam. Published literature comprised 86 studies, including 66 pharmacokinetic studies (77%) and 20 ex vivo studies (23%). Of these, 29% (n = 19) were conducted in adults, 14% (n = 9) were conducted in children, and 60% (n = 39) were performed in infants. ECMO-specific dosing guidance for any age was available for only 28% (n = 14) of the top 50 most commonly administered drugs.Sedatives, antimicrobials, and cardiovascular agents are among the most commonly administered drugs in patients supported with ECMO. This study highlights an urgent need for evidence-based dosing guidance in this patient population.
Examining variation in the relationship between disability and physical activity across Australian local government areas
Authors: Rachele Jerome N. , Disney George , Milner Allison , Thomas Rees , Le Busque Jacqueline , Reid Rebecca A. , Kavanagh Anne M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the relationship between disability and physical activity and whether it differs across local government jurisdictions may aid in the development of placed-based approaches to reducing disability-related inequalities in physical activity. The objectives of this study were to examine the association between disability and physical activity and assess whether this association varied between Australian Local Government Areas. The sample included 13,315 participants aged 18–64 years from the Household Income and Labour Dynamics Australia Survey, 2017. Participants self-reported disability and physical activity. Linear mixed-effects models estimated the association between disability and physical activity. People with disability reported less physical activity per week. We did not find evidence that this association varied across LGAs. Our findings do not add evidence towards local government-based approaches in Australia to reducing physical activity inequalities between people with and without a disability.
Negotiating the recovery and resilience facility: the emergence of coordinative conditionality
Authors: Ladi Stella , Tsarouhas Dimitris , Copeland Paul 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper analyses the design and negotiations of the National Recovery and Resilience Plans (NRRPs) which the EU member states were required to formulate so as to access the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF). By focusing on three Eurozone members (Austria, Greece, and Slovakia) which represent distinct voices and experiences within the EU integration project, we argue that a new form of conditionality, coordinative conditionality, can be identified. While this conditionality shares many features with previous conditionality forms, it is also unique as it results from what has been described as coordinative Europeanisation, namely early coordination between the EU and member states; informal channels of communication alongside formal negotiations; and a heightened salience of ownership by national governments. We argue that although evidence of coordinative Europeanisation can be found during the design and negotiation of the NRRPs in all three countries, the intensity of conditionality’s different aspects is mediated by the credibility of a given member state’s government.
Early marriage of girls in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: a literature review
Authors: Atiqul Haq Shah Md , Ahmed Mufti Nadimul Quamar , Lalin Shamim Al Aziz , Arno Arnika Tabassum , Ahmed Khandaker Jafor 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has had far-reaching consequences worldwide and has also led to significant changes in people’s lifestyles, resulting in an increase in social problems, such as early marriages for girls in different contexts. This study aimed to examine the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and early marriage among girls. Our analysis of 36 studies published between 2020 and 2023 shows that the pandemic has accelerated the number of early marriages for girls in several ways. In many countries, early marriages often result from social disintegration, loss of social support, inability to pay for basic needs, prolonged school closures, economic collapse, and parental death due to COVID-19. Although people in different contexts have different opinions about early marriages for girls due to COVID-19, there is evidence that early marriages for girls are sometimes seen as a solution to ease the financial burden and reduce stress for parents. However, there was a significant decline in traditional marriages in developed countries during the COVID-19 pandemic, including the United States, Mexico, Japan, Korea, and Indonesia. Early marriage can have serious consequences for young adolescents, including mental health problems, such as depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, and feelings of powerlessness. Mixed results, such as an increase or decrease in early marriage among girls, indicate a need for detailed contextual empirical research. It is known that actions are being taken to reduce the prevalence of early marriages, especially in developing countries, but certain situations may accelerate or reverse trends in girls’ early marriages because of various social, economic, and cultural influences. This study suggests further consideration of strategic planning for emergencies, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, that people may face again in the future. Therefore, it is necessary to implement appropriate support for abused and mistreated girls by raising awareness to reduce the psychological and physiological consequences of early marriage due to the pandemic in the near past.
Saudi female students’ perceptions of the Community of Inquiry in online learning environments
Authors: Aldosemani Tahani I. , Shepherd Craig E. , Bolliger Doris U. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDistance Education in Saudi Arabia is experiencing a steady increase in female student enrollments due to a number of factors including increased E-learning modalities. E-learning provides more equal learning opportunities than traditional gender-segregated face-to-face classes because online learning environments have fewer gender restrictions. This allows women to participate more equally in higher education and benefit from the expertize of male instructors. This study examines Saudi female students’ perceptions of online learning in university courses taught by male instructors. It documents the supports and challenges female students encountered when they took these courses and considers cognitive, social, and teaching presence. Recommendations include providing faculty training and professional development programs to build online teaching confidence and equip faculty members with teaching skills in culturally specific teaching contexts.
778.1 nm distributed feedback lasers for Rb two-photon atomic systems with sub-4 kHz linewidths
Authors: Di Gaetano E. , Keliehor B. , Gallacher K. , Griffin P. F. , Sorel M. , Riis E. , Paul D. J. 
Published: May 2024

A new epitaxial layer design with a double mode expander layer, high refractive index claddings, and an aluminum-free active area has been used to demonstrate distributed feedback lasers operating at 778.1 nm wavelength with reduced Lorentzian linewidth aimed at miniature atomic clock applications. The design also reduces the vertical beam divergence to improve the modal matching with optical fibers as well as maintain the high power output and reduce the emission linewidth. The lasers demonstrate single-mode operation with an over 35 dB side-mode suppression ratio, a power output ≤58 mW, a coupling efficiency to tapered fibers ≤40%, and a Lorentzian linewidth of 3.7 kHz. The performance allowed the free-running distributed feedback lasers to demonstrate spectroscopy of Rb vapor, which resolved the 85Rb and 87Rb two-photon transitions.
Unsupervised learning enables multicolor synchronous fluorescence microscopy without cytoarchitecture crosstalk
Authors: Lu Bolin , Ding Zhangheng , Ning Kefu , Zhang Xiaoyu , Li Xiangning , Zhao Jiangjiang , Xie Ruiheng , Shen Dan , Hu Jiahong , Jiang Tao , Chen Jianwei , Gong Hui , Yuan Jing 
Published: May 2024

In multicolor fluorescence microscopy, it is crucial to orient biological structures at a single-cell resolution based on precise anatomical annotations of cytoarchitecture images. However, during synchronous multicolor imaging, due to spectral mixing, the crosstalk from the blue signals of 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI)-stained cytoarchitecture images to the green waveband hinders the visualization and identification of green signals. Here, we proposed a deep learning-based framework named the crosstalk elimination and cytoarchitecture enhancement pipeline (CECEP) to simultaneously acquire crosstalk-free signals in the green channel and high-contrast DAPI-stained cytoarchitecture images during multicolor fluorescence imaging. For the CECEP network, we proposed an unsupervised learning algorithm named the cytoarchitecture enhancement network (CENet), which increased the signal-to-background ratio (SBR) of the cytoarchitecture images from 1.5 to 15.0 at a reconstruction speed of 25 Hz for 1800 × 1800 pixel images. The CECEP network is widely applicable to images of different quality, different types of tissues, and different multicolor fluorescence microscopy. In addition, the CECEP network can also facilitate various downstream analysis tasks, such as cell recognition, structure tensor calculation, and brain region segmentation. With the CECEP network, we simultaneously acquired two specific fluorescence-labeled neuronal distributions and their colocated high-SBR cytoarchitecture images without crosstalk throughout the brain. Experimental results demonstrate that our method could potentially facilitate multicolor fluorescence imaging applications in biology, such as revealing and visualizing different types of biological structures with precise locations and orientations.
The effect of collar weight and capture frequency on bodyweight in feral cats (Felis catus)
Authors: Ryan-Schofield Ned L. , Moseby Katherine E. , McWhorter Todd J. , Legge Sarah M. , McGregor Hugh W. 
Published: May 2024

Context Animal-borne devices can affect animal survival, reproduction, and behaviour through both the addition of weight and bulk and the direct effects of initial and subsequent capture. Researchers commonly employ a general rule of thumb that weight of the device must be less than 5% of bodyweight for terrestrial animals; however, this threshold has little empirical basis. Aims We evaluated the effects of environmental variables, repeated capture, and weight of animal-borne devices on bodyweight in free-ranging feral cats. Methods We recaptured feral cats at varying frequencies, wearing GPS and/or VHF collars that ranged from 0.29% to 4.88% of bodyweight, and recorded change in cat weight over time. Key results Collar weight as a percentage of bodyweight was not a significant predictor of feral cat weight change. Rather, change in bodyweight was best described by a negative relationship with an increasing temperature and number of captures, and a positive relationship with time since collar attachment. Conclusions Capture had a significant influence on feral cat weight but collar weights up to 5% of bodyweight did not significantly contribute to weight loss. However, the absence of control cats without collars hindered definitive conclusions on the effect of collar weight on cat weight change. Implications Researchers should space capture and handling events more than 30 days apart to reduce effects of weight loss from capture and handling. Researchers should also consider increasing collar weight and reducing frequency of capture (where collars are less than 5% of bodyweight), particularly if cat bodyweight is a parameter of interest.
Data-driven estimation of battery state-of-health with formation features
Authors: He Weilin , Li Dingquan , Sun Zhongxian , Wang Chenyang , Tang Shihai , Chen Jing , Geng Xin , Wang Hailong , Liu Zhimeng , Hu Linyu , Yang Dongchen , Tu Haiyan , Lin Yuanjing , He Xin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Accurately estimating the state-of-health (SOH) of a battery is crucial for ensuring battery safe and efficient operation. The lifetime of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) starts from their manufacture, and the performance of LIBs in the service period is highly related to the formation conditions in the factory. Here, we develop a deep transfer ensemble learning framework with two constructive layers to estimate battery SOH. The primary approach involves a combination of base models, a convolutional neural network to combine electrical features with spatial relationships of thermal and mechanical features from formation to subsequent cycles, and long short-term memory to extract temporal dependencies during cycling. Gaussian process regression (GPR) then handles SOH prediction based on this integrated model. The validation results demonstrate highly accurate capacity estimation, with a lowest root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 1.662% and a mean RMSE of 2.512%. Characterization on retired cells reveals the correlation between embedded formation features and their impact on the structural, morphological, and valence states evolution of electrode material, enabling reliable prediction with the corresponding interplay mechanism. Our work highlights the value of deep learning with comprehensive analysis through the relevant features, and provides guidance for optimizing battery management.
Unveiling the pathways of ethanol decomposition to carbon radicals by nanosecond pulse bubble discharge in liquid: a two-step hybrid model
Authors: Li Yuan , Shi Yaxuan , Wang Luning , Yuan Lei , Wang Yazhen , Zhang Guanjun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In recent years, bubble discharge in liquid has become a novel approach for the synthesis of carbon nanomaterials; however, the fundamental discharge process and synthesis mechanism are still not well understood. In this work, we build a two-step simulation model (combining 2D fluid dynamics and zero-dimensional plasma kinetics) to investigate nanosecond pulse discharge in an Ar bubble immersed in liquid ethanol and chemical reaction processes inside. The 2D simulation results show that discharge develops along the gas‒liquid interface where ethanol decomposes, resulting in much higher densities of active species (CH3, C2H5 and OH). The electric field of the selected reference point near the interface obtained by the 2D model is transmitted into the 0D model. The numerical results show that the decomposition of ethanol mainly occurs at the discharge stage, in which electron impact dissociation (e.g. C2H5OH + e → CH2OH + CH3 + e) and Penning dissociation (e.g. C2H5OH + Ar* → CH2OH + CH3 + Ar) dominate. The density of all carbonaceous species rapidly increases during discharge, while that of some carbon radicals (CH and C) continues to increase due to neutral species reactions when discharge ceases. By quantitative analysis of the reaction contributions, the dominant pathways of C2, CH and C are revealed, i.e. C2H5OH → C2H5 → [C2H, C2H2, C2H3] → C2 and C2H5OH → CH3 → CH2 → CH → C. In addition, the formation pathways of H and OH radicals, which are indispensable for the transformation of carbonaceous intermediates, are also analysed.
Quantifying reaction rates in methane oxidation: atomistic simulations at high temperature
Authors: Mao Yijin , Zhang Yuwen 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study presents a comprehensive analysis of methane oxidation at high temperatures (2500 K–3500 K)—a critical process in atmospheric chemistry and energy production. Employing reactive molecular dynamics simulations, the research bridges the knowledge gap in understanding the complex reaction networks at these elevated temperatures. Key features include the identification of intermediate species and the simplification of the reaction networks through advanced simulation and post-processing techniques. Another focus of the study is on employing the Arrhenius equation for nonlinear curve fitting to determine activation energy and pre-exponential factors for various reactions. The analysis reveals that, despite temperature variations, there are 121 common reactions among the reduced reaction systems. This discovery revealed the underlying consistency in methane oxidation pathways across a range of high temperatures. The results of this research are vital for enhancing current models of methane oxidation, particularly in the context of improving combustion processes and deepening our understanding of atmospheric dynamics involving methane.
Directional growth of iron oxide nanowires on a vicinal copper surface
Authors: Andrzejewska Weronika , Wojciechowski Paweł , Dobrotvorska Mariya V , Murawka Szymon , Sobieszczyk Paweł , Zelent Mateusz , Lewandowski Mikołaj 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Single-crystal magnetic nanostructures with well-defined shapes attract lots of interest due to their potential applications in magnetic and spintronic devices. However, development of methods allowing controlling their mutual crystallographic and geometric orientation constitutes a significant scientific challenge. One of the routes for obtaining such structures is to grow the materials epitaxially on naturally-structured supports, such as vicinal surfaces of single-crystal substrates. Iron oxides are among the most well-known magnetic materials which, depending on the phase, may exhibit ferro/ferri- or antiferromagnetic ordering. We have grown iron oxide nanowires on a Cu(410) single-crystal substrate faceted with molecular oxygen. Scanning tunneling microscopy and low energy electron diffraction revealed that the oxide grows in the [111] direction, along the step edges of the substrate and rotated by ±15° with respect to the [010] direction of copper atomic terraces (so that the the growing elongated structures are orientated parallel to each other). Notably, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed that the nanowires represent the ferrimagnetic γ-Fe2O3 (maghemite) iron oxide phase, while micromagnetic simulations indicated that the wires are single-domain, with the easy magnetization axis orientated in-plane and along the long axis of the wire.
Phase- and temperature-driven chiral topological superfluids on a honeycomb lattice
Authors: Li Tong , Li Ning , Guo Miaodi , Wu Ya-Jie 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The correlated spinful Haldane model exhibits rich topological phases consisting of chiral topological superfluids (TSFs) and topological spin density waves. However, most of previous studies mainly focus on the case with the fixed hopping phase or at zero temperature. In this paper, we study the attractive spinful Haldane model with arbitrary phase at finite temperature. The chiral TSFs with Chern number C = 2 and 4 emerge driven by the phase and temperature. In particular, the temperature can drive a C = 2 topological superfluid from a trivial normal insulator phase at an appropriate interaction. The bulk topology of all TSFs is uncovered by the Wilson loop method, and confirmed by the responses of edge dislocations.
Quantum transport in InSb quantum well devices: progress and perspective
Authors: Lei Zijin , Cheah Erik , Schott Rüdiger , Lehner Christian A , Zeitler Uli , Wegscheider Werner , Ihn Thomas , Ensslin Klaus 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
InSb, a narrow-band III–V semiconductor, is known for its small bandgap, small electron effective mass, high electron mobility, large effective g-factor, and strong spin-orbit interactions. These unique properties make InSb interesting for both industrial applications and quantum information processing. In this paper, we provide a review of recent progress in quantum transport research on InSb quantum well devices. With advancements in the growth of high-quality heterostructures and micro/nano fabrication, quantum transport experiments have been conducted on low-dimensional systems based on InSb quantum wells. Furthermore, ambipolar operations have been achieved in undoped InSb quantum wells, allowing for a systematic study of the band structure and quantum properties of p-type narrow-band semiconductors. Additionally, we introduce the latest research on InAsSb quantum wells as a continuation of exploring physics in semiconductors with even narrower bandgaps.