bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Superselective intra‐arterial chemotherapy complications in advanced retinoblastoma
Authors: HADJISTILIANOU D , DE FRANCESCO S , DE LUCA M , BORRI M , MENICACCI C , MICHELI L , BRACCO S , GENNARI P 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose The purpose of this study is to report the complications of superselective intra‐arterial chemotherapy with melphalan in children undergoing treatment for advanced intraocular retinoblastoma.Methods 49 eyes of 43 children with advanced intraocular retinoblastoma (Reese‐Ellsworth Group Vb or International Classification Group D) were treated with superselective intra‐ophthalmic artery infusion of melphalan. 22 eyes of 43 children were first diagnosis. 27 eyes of 43 children had previously failed traditional management with systemic chemotherapy and focal therapies and underwent intra‐ophthalmic artery infusion of melphalan as an alternative option to enucleation. Serial complications RETCAM images were collected.Results Ophthalmic artery cannulation was successfully performed in 49 eyes of 43 patients. 9 eyes out of 43 (20.9%) patients were enucleated. 4 eyes out of 43 (9.3%) patients were lost to follow‐up. No severe systemic side effects occurred. Grade III neutropenia was seen in 3 patients (0.6%). No transfusions were required. 25 (58.1%) patients developed eyelid hyperaemia, 10 (23.2%) frontal region skin rash, 12 (27.9%) emiptosis, 6 (13.9%) eyelid edema, 2 (4.6%) frontal alopecia, 2 (4.6%) eyelashes loss, 2 (4.6%) chorioretinal atrophy, 1 (2.3%) acute ischemic optic neuropathy, all resolved spontaneously. 1 case (2.3%) with permanent ptosis underwent surgery. 1 case (2.3%) presented Roth’s spots.Conclusion Ophthalmic intra‐arterial infusion with melphalan is a promising globe‐conserving treatment option in advanced retinoblastoma cases with minimal systemic side effects.
Anterior segment OCT and histopathologic data in conjunctival, limbal and subconjunctival tumors
Authors: PAJAUJIS M , PETROSKA D , SVALBONAITE E , ASOKLIS R 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To show the use of anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS‐OCT) in conjunctival, limbal, subconjunctival tumors and to compare the data with histopathologic specimens.Methods 15 patients (15 eyes) with conjunctival, limbal and subconjunctival lesions were examined using AS‐OCT (Visante OCT 2.0, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA). Eyes were scanned using Anterior Segment Single, High Resolution Corneal and Raw Image modes. Gray‐scale, OCT Color and Rainbow Color images were analyzed using built‐in software. All tumors were excised and histopathologicaly examined.Results In all small tumor cases AS‐OCT allowed to see the deeper lesion structure with complete penetration. In conjunctival melanoma, papilloma, subepithelial naevus and pterygia cases AS‐OCT showed tumor structure, layers and extension clearly. Underlying cornea was also visible. In larger and solid tumors (squamous cell carcinoma, fibroma and lipoma) anterior surfaces were hyper‐reflective, but the deeper structures of the lesions were incompletely penetrated. However, in all cases it was possible to differentiate cystic lesions from solid lesions. Histopathologic examination revealed the diagnosis and in small tumors confirmed the AS‐OCT data showing tumor epithelium and underling layers.Conclusion AS‐OCT may be a useful non‐invasive diagnostic tool for the evaluation of ocular surface tumors in selective cases. AS‐OCT may give useful information before planning the surgery.
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the caruncle, with clinical presentation of an inflammatory mass.
Authors: DE KEIZER RJW , VAN DE PUT MAJ , DE WOLFF ROUENDAAL D , HAESEKER BI 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose The presentation of 2 cases with a very rare adenoidlike SCC of the lacrimal caruncle, clinical referred with a inflammation mass apparent as an abscess.Methods The tissue of a lacrimal caruncle is arising as well as from skin as mucous and adnexal structures, where in most of the patients only benign laesions could be developed. In our cases inflammation and malignant tumours were found. The diagnosis were made clinical, by imaging methods, (as coherence tomography scan (CT), and ultrasound) and histological analyses. In both cases good differentiated squamous cell carcinomas of the right caruncle were characterizedResults Although in the literature very rarely found, the adenoid type of SCC is described as a less malignant type but in our cases with inflammation a more aggressive behaviour was demonstrated during the follow‐up. Both patients refused orbital exenteration and radiotherapy was performed. However in the second patient, at a later stage, an exenteration was done for a recurrence and extension to the nose and sinus, she died several months later.Conclusion The very rarely published adenoid caruncle SCC , which first was presented in two cases as an
Adenocarcinoma of the retinal pigment epithelium: clinicopathological case report
Authors: GKARAGKANI E , SCHALENBOURG A , ZOGRAFOS L 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose Adenocarcinomas of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) are rare adult tumors, treated with enucleation or surgical excision. We present a child with an adenocarcinoma of RPE, treated with protontherapy.Methods A 10‐year‐old girl with loss of vision had a pigmented macular tumor, diagnosed as hamartoma. Five years later, tumor growth led to a transvitreal incisional biopsy.Results Histopathology and immunohistochemistry were compatible with an adenocarcinoma of the RPE. The tumor was irradiated. After 5 years of follow‐up, the tumor is under control and the patient presents no distant metastases.Conclusion Adenocarcinomas of the RPE can simulate a combined hamartoma of the retina and RPE. Diagnosis can only be established after biopsy. Protontherapy is a valid therapeutic alternative.
Ocular surface epithelial thickness evaluation with spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography in patients with dry eye syndrome
Authors: FRANCOZ M , KARAMOKO I , BAUDOUIN C , LABBE A 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To use spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) to measure corneal, limbal and bulbar conjunctival epithelial thickness in patients with dry eye syndrome.Methods A total of 111 eyes of 56 subjects were enrolled in 3 groups: (1) young control (YC group), < 40 years; (2) middle‐aged control (MAC group), > 40 years; (3) patients with dry eye syndrome (KCS group). The central corneal epithelium (CE) thickness, and the limbal (LE) and bulbar conjunctival epithelium (BCE) thickness in four quadrants were measured using a SD‐OCT. All patients underwent a complete examination of the ocular surface including Schirmer test, TBUT and fluorescein staining.Results The ocular surface epithelial thickness was not significantly different between the YC and MAC groups. CE thicknesses were not significantly different between the KCS (49.0 ± 4.1 µm) and control groups (48.3 ± 2.9 µm in YC and 48.8 ± 3.0 µm in MAC). The mean LE thickness was significantly lower in the KCS group (77.3 ± 17.2 µm) compared to the MAC group (84.3 ± 10.1 µm, p=0.031). The mean BCE was significantly thicker in the KCS group (50.4 ± 11.1 µm) compared to the MAC group (42.2 ± 7.9 µm, p=0.005). In the KCS group, the BCE thickness was significantly higher in the superior and inferior quadrants compared to nasal and temporal. The mean BCE thickness was significantly higher in ocular surface severity grades 3 and 4 (53.3 ± 12.1 µm) compared to grades 1 and 2 (45.7 ± 7.2 µm) (p=0.031).Conclusion SD‐OCT can provide a non invasive in vivo evaluation of ocular surface epithelial thickness. Limbal and conjunctival epithelium thicknesses were modified in dry eye patients whereas aging seemed to have no effect.
Ocular Surface evaluation in children Presenting Ongoing Ocular Allergy
Authors: BREMOND‐GIGNAC D , COPIN H , MILAZZO S 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose to evaluate in a retrospective study ocular surface impairment and tear osmolarity in children presenting ongoing ocular allergy. Tears are necessary for continued health of ocular surface and tear osmolarity is considered a key point for tear film impairment and ocular surface damage.Methods Our retrospective study included 20 children (mean age 11 yo, range 6 to 17 yo) of two groups that presented at ocular consultation of our hospital. Group a, 10 children with ongoing ocular allergy, group b 10 control children who had been tested but finally did not present any sign of allergy or dry eye. All the children underwent a tear osmolarity measure prior to complete ocular consultation to be aware of influencing results by the examination. The tear osmolarity measure was obtained with the Tear Lab Osmolarity System (OcuSense). A complete ocular examination was also performed. So the type of ocular allergy was diagnosed.Results In group a, all the children presented clinical signs of on going ocular allergy with conjunctival redness, follicles and/or papillae. In two cases severe keratitis was present. In group b no ocular signs of conjunctiva anomalies were found. Mean tear osmolarity in group b, was 305mOsm/l and in group a, was 316mOsm/l. Tear osmolarity appeared higher in the ocular allergy group than in the non symptomatic children. Younger children had a higher measure of tear osmolarity.Conclusion In adults 305mOsm/l is a cut‐off value for dry eye. In our study this measure appears similar to adults but could be higher in youngest children. In children with ocular allergy, higher measure of tear osmolarity indicates an ocular surface damage that is underestimated. Tear osmolarity can be useful to manage ocular surface disease in children.
The correlation between ocular surface inflammation and corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) in patients with moderate to severe dry eye disease (DED) participating in a randomized clinical trial
Authors: BUGGAGE R , AMRANE M , ISMAIL D , LEMP M , BAUDOUIN C , BAUDOUIN F 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose The relationship between ocular surface inflammation, signs and symptoms in DED remains poorly understood. A correlation between ocular surface inflammation and CFS in DED patients is reported.Methods DED patients with tear break up time ≤8 seconds and CFS grades 2‐4 modified Oxford scale and Schirmer test without anesthesia ≥2 and <10 mm/5min and lissamine green staining, Van Bijsterveld >4 and at least 1 dry eye symptom were randomized to CYCLOKAT® (unpreserved 0.1% cyclosporine cationic emulsion) or vehicle QD. Impression cytology for conjunctival HLA‐DR expression (an ocular surface inflammatory biomarker) was performed in a subset of patients.Results Cytology samples were collected in 89 of 492 patients. At baseline the mean HLA‐DR expression was higher in the CYCLOKAT® (84,345 AUF vs 46,888 AUF) arm. Notably, the mean HLA‐DR expression increased with baseline CFS grade (grade 2: 48,343; grade 3: 56,749; grade 4: 127,623). At month 6, CYCLOKAT® significantly reduced the HLA‐DR expression (‐50896 AUF vs ‐1192 AUF, p=0.022). The efficacy of CYCLOKAT® on improving CFS [as measured by mean change (delta of CYCLOKAT® over vehicle) and % achieving ≥ 2 grade improvement] increased with the CFS grade at baseline (grade 2‐4: 0.22 and 33.6% vs 21.8%, grades 3‐4: 0.32 and 40.4% vs 27.7%, grade 4: 0.77 and 48.8% vs 19.5%, p<0.05 for all comparisons).Conclusion The demonstrated correlation between HLA‐DR expression and CFS support the role of inflammation in DED and justifies the need for anti‐inflammatory therapy. The benefit of CYCLOKAT® appears to be greatest in patients with severe DED.
Commercial interest
Response of the lipid and aqueous layers of the precorneal tear film to horizontal saccades. Novel findings and a new paradigm
Authors: BRON AJ , YOKOI N , GEORGIEV GA , TIFFANY JM 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To consider the effect of horizontal saccades on the lipid and aqueous layers of the tear film.Methods i. The interference pattern of the tear film lipid layer (TFLL) was studied in the left eye of 6 normal subjects, using the DR‐1TM video‐interferometer. Images were recorded continuously within a single interblink, with the eye in the primary position to capture the TFLL pattern: a. at least 1 second after the blink, when the pattern had stabilised and b. immediately after return to the primary position following a nasal saccade. ii. In a separate study, the movements of the aqueous layer, stained with fluorescein, were recorded during horizontal saccades, using standard slit‐lamp video equipment.Results i. In all subjects, the TFLL pattern after the first return saccade strongly resembled the initial pattern, but showed some degradation with multiple saccades. ii. The stained, precorneal aqueous layer moved with the cornea during saccades, with minimal displacement which was rectified on return to the primary position.Conclusion Two alternative explanations are offered for these findings: i. The precorneal TFLL is ‘glued’ to the aqueous subphase so that these fluid layers move together with the cornea, during horizontal rotations of the eye. ii.Cooling of the tear film during the interblink, causes an increase in stiffness of the viscoelastic TFLL, so that it behaves like a stable carapace, uninfluenced by movements of the aqueous layer. Further experiments are planned to resolve these alternative hypotheses.
Altered corneal nerve morphology and epithelial wound healing in experimental lacrimodeficient dry eye
Authors: GALLAR J , LUNA C , FERNANDEZ‐SANCHEZ L , BERBEL D , SESMA J , MIZERSKA K , QUIRCE S , KOVACS I , BELMONTE C , CUENCA N , ACOSTA MC 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To analyze the morphological changes of corneal nerves and its influence on corneal epithelial wound healing in a lacrimodeficient dry eye model in the guinea‐pig.Methods Corneal nerve architecture and the rate of corneal epithelial wound healing were studied in guinea‐pigs to whom the main lacrimal gland was removed 4 weeks before (dry eye) and in control animals. Eyes were fixed, cryoprotected and incubated with neuronal class III Beta‐tubulin antibody. Epithelial migration rate (EMR) and estimated time of healing (ETH) were calculated for 2mm‐diameter epithelial corneal debridations stained with fluorescein, photographed regularly until complete closure and analyzed with image processing software.Results Density (16±6 vs 27±11 nerves/mm2) and length (115±45 vs 186±74 µm) of subbasal nerves decreased significantly in dry eye. Subbasal nerves were less branched and tortuous. Epithelial nerve terminals were also reduced. EMR decreased significantly (63±4 vs 110±1 µm/h) and ETH increased significantly (38.6±1.8 vs 20.1±0.1 h) in dry eye.Conclusion The morphological appearance and the decreased density, length and branches of corneal subbasal nerves are suggestive of corneal nerve degeneration at 4 weeks after lacrimal gland removal. Lacrimodeficient eyes presented also a slowing‐down in corneal epithelial wound healing suggesting an early trophic defect consecutive to nerve damage. (Supported by: SAF2008‐00529, CSD2007‐00023, BFU2008‐04425, BFU2009‐07793 and RETICS RD07/0062/0012 from Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spain, and the Leonardo da Vinci Lifelong Learning Program.)
Efficacy of amnion membrane transplantation (AMT) on corneal surface in annular abscess and anterior uveitis
Authors: KOEV K , GEORGIEV R 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To determine the effect of amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) on a patient with an annular abscess with a stromal defect of the cornea and anterior uveitis. To determine the effect of amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) on a patient with an annular abscess with anterior uveitis.Methods In June 2010 a transplantation of amniotic membrane was performed on a patient suffering from an annular abscess with a stromal defect of the cornea and anterior uveitis. On examination objective findings show a mixed hyperemia with conjuctival chemosis and corneal opacifications, a hypopyon reaching a level of 4 mm and the presence of posterior synechiae, as well as opacities in the vitreous body. We also established corneal epithelial disruption, detected with fluorescein staining of the eye.Results One month after the AMT a significant improvement was established. We observed epithelization of the cornea, disappearance of the ciliary hyperemia, closure of the stromal defect , resorption of the hypopyon, of the corneal opacifications and opacities in the vitreous body. There was a partial presence of posterior synechiae. The inflammatory process was overcome. Three months after the AMT a semi‐transparent leucoma was observed and an increased visual acuity was registered. We inspected solitary posterior synechiae.Conclusion The AMT was efficient, has manifestivе anti‐inflammatory effects and could be successfully applied in cases of sever inflammation processes, anular abscess, corneal defects and anterior uveitis.
Ocular surface changes and corneal sensitivity in Keratoconus
Authors: CHO KJ , MOK JW , CHOI MY , JOO CK 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose This study aims to describe ocular surface, tear function, corneal nerve and sensitivity in patients with keratoconus.Methods Thirty‐one patients diagnosed as having asymmetrical KC (31 keratoconus eyes, and 31 subclinical keratoconus eyes) and 31 normal control subjects (one eye) were studied in a prospective, cross‐sectional study. The subjects underwent routine ophthalmic examinations, corneal topography, corneal sensitivity measurements, Schirmer test, conjunctival impression cytology, and tear osmolarity. Western blot analysis and Immunofluorescent staining with monoclonal antibodies for Class III β‐tubulin in corneas of keratoconus and normal were done.Results The mean corneal sensitivity and Schirmer test values were significantly lower in eyes of keratoconus and subclinical keratoconus compared with control. Conjunctiva of keratoconus and subclinical keratoconus had significantly higher grades of squamous metaplasia and goblet cell loss compared with normal. Corneal nerves were significantly decreased in eyes of keratoconus and subclinical keratoconus compared with control.Conclusion Whatever the keratoconus‐related factors might be, we found marked changes on the ocular surface that affected not only the corneal, but also the conjunctival epithelium. The loss or decreae of trophic effects of corneal nerves due to primary or secondary events with the progression of keratoconus may plays a role in the pathogenesis of the ocular surface change in keratoconus.
Pneumatic Retinopexy for Uncomplicated Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment
Authors: KISS S 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose Since its introduction in 1985, pneumatic retinopexy (PR) has become an important office based procedure for treating an ever‐expanding group of rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (RRD). As an alternative to scleral buckling (SB) or pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), estimates suggest that over 40% of primary RRDs may be managed by PR.Methods The efficacy of PR is dependant on 4 cardinal steps: (1) Identification and localization of all retinal breaks; (2) Induction of retinopexy around all breaks with cryopexy or laser; (3) Intraocular gas injection; and (4) Consistent post‐operative head positioning for appropriate gas tamponade to achieve closure of the retinal breaks.Results Numerous prospective and retrospective reports have confirmed that the single operation success rate for PR ranges from 65‐75%, with a final anatomical success rate of over 95%. New retinal breaks typically occur in 10% of PR cases, and proliferative vitreoretinopathy is noted in approximately 5% of eyes. For repair of primary RRD, final post‐operative visual acuity does not appear to differ among eyes initially treated with PR when compared to those treated with SB or PPV.Conclusion PR has become a valuable technique in the modern era of RRD management. Despite its limitations and shortcomings, multiple clinical studies have clearly established its essential role in the armamentarium of surgical techniques utilized for the primary repair of RRD.
Prognostic factors for anatomical and functional results after retinal detachment surgery. The SPR study
Authors: HEIMANN H 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose In the "Scleral buckling vs. primary vitrectomy in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment study (SPR study)" two different surgical methods for the treatment of retinal detachment (RD) were compared in a randomised prospective multicentre clinical trial. This secondary analysis was conducted to investigate possible associations between pre‐ and intraoperative factors with the functional and anatomical outcomes.Methods Univariate and multivariate analysis of 48 pre‐ and intraoperative factors and their association with anatomical outcome, functional outcome and the number of secondary surgical interventions.Results In phakic patients, a significant correlation of successful outcome could be associated with number of retinal breaks, large breaks, cryotherapy, duration of symptoms, baseline visual acuity, central RD, total RD, drainage during buckling surgery and chain formation of breaks. In pseudophakic patients, factors identified were number of breaks, capsular fibrosis, Yag‐laser capsulotomy, retinal laser photocoagulation, and inferior RD.Conclusion The most important risk factor for functional and anatomical failure was a higher number of retinal breaks. Other risk factors varied between the phakic and pseudophakic patients as well as between functional and anatomical outcomes. These findings are of clinical importance for identification of patients with a higher risk for failure and for the planning of future trials on RD surgery.
Subretinal fluid lavage: a novel concept in retinal detachment surgery
Authors: VECKENEER M 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To review possible causes and therapeutic options for persistent submacular fluid after retinal detachment surgery.Optical coherence tomography identifies persistent subretinal fluid (PSF) after apparently successful retinal detachment repair surgery in up to 94% of patients. PSF is associated with delayed recovery of visual function.Methods Based on the literature and the results of subretinal fluid analyses, we hypothesised that highly viscous PSF, which interferes with the normal function of the retinal pigment epithelium, can lead to these persistent blebs. We reviewed all reported interventions for PSF. We devised a novel surgical manoeuvre of subretinal lavage to dilute the subretinal fluid (SRF) during surgery. We expected that this would reduce the incidence of PSF. We report our experience with a modified surgical drainage technique in patients with long standing retinal detachments.Results No postoperative medical or surgical intervention has been proven to be effective in a series of patients. On the contrary, none of the patients undergoing modified drainage and lavage developed PSF.Conclusion In the absence of an effective cure, prevention appears to be a promising option.