bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mediastinal transposition of the greater omentum for treatment of infected prostheses of the ascending aorta and aortic arch
Authors: Pitts Leonard , Pasic Miralem , Wert Leonhard , Nersesian Gaik , Kaemmel Julius , Buz Semih , Knosalla Christoph , Düsterhöft Volker , Starck Christoph , Kempfert Jörg , Jacobs Stephan , Falk Volkmar 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of transposition of the omentum into the mediastinum to support the replacement of infected aortic grafts or to cover infected aortic grafts that are not amenable for surgical replacement.

METHODS
All patients with thoracic aortic graft infections who underwent mediastinal transposition of the omentum at our institution between 2005 and 2023 were included in this study. Mediastinal transposition of the omentum was performed either after replacement of the infected graft (‘curative concept’) or solely as bailout procedure by wrapping the infected graft (‘palliative concept’). The diagnosis, including computed tomography scans during follow-up, was made according to the criteria of the Management of Aortic Graft Infection Collaboration.

RESULTS
The patient cohort consisted of 31 patients. Both in-hospital and 1-year mortality were 0% (n = 0) for the curative concept (n = 9) compared to 23% (n = 5) and 41% (n = 9) for the palliative concept (n = 22), respectively. There was no graft infection-associated death or recurrence of infection after 3 years in the curative group. Survival was 52% at 3 years in the palliative group, with freedom of infection in 59% of the patients (n = 13).

CONCLUSIONS
Transposition of the omentum and wrapping of the infected aortic prosthetic graft is a useful bailout strategy for patients who are ineligible for replacement of an infected aortic graft. However, mortality stays high. For radical treatment of aortic graft infections, it may prove an effective supportive therapy and represents an important tool in the armamentarium of cardiac surgeons.
Anticoagulation for post-operative atrial fibrillation after isolated coronary artery bypass grafting: a meta-analysis
Authors: van de Kar Mileen R D , van Brakel Thomas J , van’t Veer Marcel , van Steenbergen Gijs J , Daeter Edgar J , Crijns Harry J G M , van Veghel Dennis , Dekker Lukas R C , Otterspoor Luuk C 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
This study aimed to evaluate clinical outcomes in patients developing post-operative atrial fibrillation (POAF) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and characterize variations in oral anticoagulation (OAC) use, benefits, and complications.

Methods
A systematic search identified studies on new-onset POAF after CABG and OAC initiation. Outcomes included risks of thromboembolic events, bleeding, and mortality. Furthermore, a meta-analysis was conducted on these outcomes, stratified by the use or non-use of OAC.

Results
The identified studies were all non-randomized. Among 1 698 307 CABG patients, POAF incidence ranged from 7.9% to 37.6%. Of all POAF patients, 15.5% received OAC. Within 30 days, thromboembolic events occurred at rates of 1.0% (POAF: 0.3%; non-POAF: 0.8%) with 2.0% mortality (POAF: 1.0%; non-POAF: 0.5%). Bleeding rates were 1.1% for POAF patients and 2.7% for non-POAF patients. Over a median of 4.6 years, POAF patients had 1.73 thromboembolic events, 3.39 mortality, and 2.00 bleeding events per 100 person-years; non-POAF patients had 1.14, 2.19, and 1.60, respectively. No significant differences in thromboembolic risks [effect size −0.11 (−0.36 to 0.13)] and mortality [effect size −0.07 (−0.21 to 0.07)] were observed between OAC users and non-users. However, OAC use was associated with higher bleeding risk [effect size 0.32 (0.06–0.58)].

Conclusions
In multiple timeframes following CABG, the incidence of complications in patients who develop POAF is low. The use of OAC in patients with POAF after CABG is associated with increased bleeding risk.
Real-world assessment of multipolar and point-by-point mapping for premature ventricular contraction ablation
Authors: Sousa Pedro A , Tonko Johanna , Dilling-Boer Dagmara , Barra Sérgio , Eberl Anna-Sophie , Pezo Borka , Cortez-Dias Nuno , Khoueiry Ziad , Medeiros Paulo , Rodríguez-Mañero Moisés , Lebreiro Ana , Pereira Mariana , Puga Luís , Scherr Daniel , António Natália , Ferreira Afonso , Saleiro Carolina , Lagrange Philippe , Adão Luis , de Sousa Joao , Elvas Luís , Oliveira Mário , Gonçalves Lino , Silberbauer John 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Aims
We aimed to assess the acute and midterm efficacy of premature ventricular contraction (PVC) ablation guided by multielectrode and point-by-point (PbP) mapping.

Methods and results
This is a retrospective, international multicentre study of consecutive patients referred for PVC ablation in 10 hospital centres from January 2017 to December 2021. Based on the mapping approach, two cohorts were identified: the ‘Multipolar group’, where a dedicated high-density mapping catheter was employed, and the ‘PbP group’, where mapping was performed with the ablation catheter. Procedural endpoints, safety, and acute (procedural) and midterm efficacies were assessed. Of the 698 patients included in this study, 592 received activation mapping [46% males, median age of 55 (41–65) years]—248 patients in the Multipolar group and 344 patients in the PbP group. A higher number of activation points [432 (217–843) vs. 95 (42–185), P &lt; 0.001], reduced mapping time (40 ± 38 vs. 61 ± 50 min, P &lt; 0.001), and shorter procedure time (124 ± 60 vs. 143 ± 63 min, P &lt; 0.001) were reported in the Multipolar group. Both groups had high acute success rates (84.7% with Multipolar mapping vs. 81.3% with PbP mapping, P = 0.63), as well as midterm efficacy (83.4% vs. 77.4%, P = 0.08), with no significant differences in the risk of adverse events (6.0% vs. 3.5%, P = 0.24). However, for left-sided PVC ablation specifically, there was a higher midterm efficacy in the Multipolar group (80.7% vs. 69.5%, P = 0.04), with multipolar mapping being an independent predictor of success [adjusted OR = 2.231 (95% CI, 1.476–5.108), P = 0.02].

Conclusion
The acute and midterm efficacies of PVC ablation are high with both multipolar and PbP mapping, although the former allows for quicker procedures and may potentially improve the outcomes of left-sided PVC ablation.
Organizing a global list of cyanobacteria and algae from soil biocrusts evidenced great geographic and taxonomic gaps
Authors: Dal-Ferro Luana Soares , Schenider Arthur , Missiaggia Dabny Goulart , Silva Libério Junio , Maciel-Silva Adaíses Simone , Figueredo Cleber Cunha 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Biocrusts determine soil stability and resiliency, with a special role played by oxygenic photoautotrophic microorganisms in these communities. We evaluated temporal and geographic trends in studies focused on these microorganisms in biocrusts. Two databases were surveyed to obtain scientific articles published from 1998 to 2020 containing the terms ‘biocrusts,’ ‘algae,’ and ‘cyanobacteria.’ Although interest in biocrusts has increased recently, their ecological importance is still little explored. The scientific articles that mentioned a species list of cyanobacteria and/or algae revealed a very heterogeneous geographic distribution of research. Biocrusts have not been explored in many regions and knowledge in the tropics, where these communities showed high species richness, is limited. Geographic gaps were detected and more detailed studies are needed, mainly where biocrust communities are threatened by anthropogenic impacts. Aiming to address these knowledge gaps, we assembled a taxonomic list of all algae and cyanobacteria found in these articles, including information on their occurrence and ecology. This review is an updated global taxonomic survey of biocrusts, which importantly reveals their high species richness of oxygenic photoautotrophic microorganisms. We believe this database will be useful to future research by providing valuable taxonomic and biogeographic information regarding algae and cyanobacteria in biocrusts.
The vast landscape of carbohydrate fermentation in prokaryotes
Authors: Hackmann Timothy J 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Fermentation is a type of metabolism carried out by organisms in environments without oxygen. Despite being studied for over 185 years, the diversity and complexity of this metabolism are just now becoming clear. Our review starts with the definition of fermentation, which has evolved over the years and which we help further refine. We then examine the range of organisms that carry out fermentation and their traits. Over one-fourth of all prokaryotes are fermentative, use more than 40 substrates, and release more than 50 metabolic end products. These insights come from studies analyzing records of thousands of organisms. Next, our review examines the complexity of fermentation at the biochemical level. We map out pathways of glucose fermentation in unprecedented detail, covering over 120 biochemical reactions. We also review recent studies coupling genomics and enzymology to reveal new pathways and enzymes. Our review concludes with practical applications for agriculture, human health, and industry. All these areas depend on fermentation and could be improved through manipulating fermentative microbes and enzymes. We discuss potential approaches for manipulation, including genetic engineering, electrofermentation, probiotics, and enzyme inhibitors. We hope our review underscores the importance of fermentation research and stimulates the next 185 years of study.
From heterosis to outbreeding depression: genotype-by-environment interaction shifts hybrid fitness in opposite directions
Authors: Wang Haolong , Su Baofeng , Zhang Ying , Shang Mei , Li Shangjia , Xing De , Wang Jinhai , Bern Logan , Johnson Andrew , Al-Armanazi Jacob , Hasin Tasnuba , Hettiarachchi Darshika , Paladines Parrales Abel , Dilawar Hamza , Bruce Timothy J , Dunham Rex A , Wang Xu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In F1 hybrids, phenotypic values are expected to be near the parental means under additive effects or close to one parent under dominance. However, F1 traits can fall outside the parental range, and outbreeding depression occurs when inferior fitness is observed in hybrids. Another possible outcome is heterosis, a phenomenon that interspecific hybrids or intraspecific crossbred F1s exhibit improved fitness compared to both parental species or strains. As an application of heterosis, hybrids between channel catfish females and blue catfish males are superior in feed conversion efficiency, carcass yield, and harvestability. Over 20 years of hybrid catfish production in experimental settings and farming practices generated abundant phenotypic data, making it an ideal system to investigate heterosis. In this study, we characterized fitness in terms of growth and survival longitudinally, revealing environment-dependent heterosis. In ponds, hybrids outgrow both parents due to an extra rapid growth phase of 2–4 months in year 2. This bimodal growth pattern is unique to F1 hybrids in pond culture environments only. In sharp contrast, the same genetic types cultured in tanks display outbreeding depression, where hybrids perform poorly, while channel catfish demonstrate superiority in growth throughout development. Our findings represent the first example, known to the authors, of opposite fitness shifts in response to environmental changes in interspecific vertebrate hybrids, suggesting a broader fitness landscape for F1 hybrids. Future genomic studies based on this experiment will help understand genome-environment interaction in shaping the F1 progeny fitness in the scenario of environment-dependent heterosis and outbreeding depression.
Somatic epigenetic drift during shoot branching: a cell lineage-based model
Authors: Chen Yifan , Burian Agata , Johannes Frank 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Plant architecture is shaped by the production of new organs, most of which emerge postembryonically. This process includes the formation of new lateral branches along existing shoots. Current evidence supports a detached-meristem model as the cellular basis of lateral shoot initiation. In this model, a small number of undifferentiated cells are sampled from the periphery of the shoot apical meristem (SAM) to act as precursors for axillary buds, which eventually develop into new shoots. Repeated branching thus creates cellular bottlenecks (i.e. somatic drift) that affect how de novo (epi)genetic mutations propagate through the plant body during development. Somatic drift could be particularly relevant for stochastic DNA methylation gains and losses (i.e. spontaneous epimutations), as they have been shown to arise rapidly with each cell division. Here, we formalize a special case of the detached-meristem model, where precursor cells are randomly sampled from the SAM periphery in a way that maximizes cell lineage independence. We show that somatic drift during repeated branching gives rise to a mixture of cellular phylogenies within the SAM over time. This process is dependent on the number of branch points, the strength of drift as well as the epimutation rate. Our model predicts that cell-to-cell DNA methylation heterogeneity in the SAM converges to nonzero states during development, suggesting that epigenetic variation is an inherent property of the SAM cell population. Our insights have direct implications for empirical studies of somatic (epi)genomic diversity in long-lived perennial and clonal species using bulk or single-cell sequencing approaches.
Perceptions of Dementia and Dementia Care Among African Immigrants in Minnesota: Insights From Community Conversations
Authors: Nkimbeng Manka , Yam Hawking , Aswani Truphosa , Russell Wynfred N , Shippee Tetyana P , Gaugler Joseph E 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives
This qualitative descriptive study explored the perceptions of dementia, dementia care, and caregiving within the African immigrant community.

Methods
Six community conversations (focus groups) were held with 24 participants. Three conversations were led by project advisory board members and utilized a 12-question conversation guide. The recorded conversations were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results
Of the 24 African immigrants who participated, 52% were 55–75 years old, 67% identified as female, and 39% were married or cohabitating. Twenty percent were currently providing care to a relative with dementia and 40% had provided care to a relative with dementia in the past. Four themes were identified. These included (1) attitudes toward mental health, illnesses, and poor health, (2) community attitudes toward dementia, and dementia caregiving, (3) barriers to dementia care and caregiving, and (4) current dementia care resources in the African immigrant community.

Discussion
The findings show that African immigrant cultural beliefs significantly shape dementia care and caregiving attitudes, preferences, and behavioral practices. African immigrants’ cultural backgrounds influence (or have the potential to influence) timely access and engagement in dementia care. And, depending on how deeply held these cultural beliefs are, they could affect dementia care and caregiving both positively and negatively. With the rapidly growing immigrant older adult population, there is a need for systemic strategies to facilitate affordable and culturally responsive dementia care for African immigrants and other minoritized older adults.
Leadership, regulatory approaches and policy to re-orientate health services towards health promotion
Authors: Han Chun , Lin Clare , Raichur Anil , Hall Martin , Nguyen Tan Minh 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Globally, oral conditions remain the most prevalent of all non-communicable diseases. Among the broad range of target goals and recommendations for action by the World Health Organization’s Global Oral Health Strategy, we call out three specific actions that provide an enabling environment to improve population oral health including: (i) enabling population oral health reform through leadership, (ii) enabling innovative oral health workforce models, (iii) enabling universal health coverage that includes oral health. The aim of the article is to outline how leadership, regulatory approaches and policy in Australia can strengthen health promotion practice and can inform global efforts to tackle the complex wicked problems associated with population oral health. Examples in Australia show that effective leadership, regulatory approaches and well-designed policies can address the growing burden of non-communicable diseases, and are made possible through public health advocacy, collaboration and research.
The Weis-Fogh Number Describes Resonant Performance Tradeoffs in Flapping Insects
Authors: Wold Ethan S , Liu Ellen , Lynch James , Gravish Nick , Sponberg Simon 
Published: May 2024

Synopsis
Dimensionless numbers have long been used in comparative biomechanics to quantify competing scaling relationships and connect morphology to animal performance. While common in aerodynamics, few relate the biomechanics of the organism to the forces produced on the environment during flight. We discuss the Weis-Fogh number, N, as a dimensionless number specific to flapping flight, which describes the resonant properties of an insect and resulting tradeoffs between energetics and control. Originally defined by Torkel Weis-Fogh in his seminal 1973 paper, N measures the ratio of peak inertial to aerodynamic torque generated by an insect over a wingbeat. In this perspectives piece, we define N for comparative biologists and describe its interpretations as a ratio of torques and as the width of an insect’s resonance curve. We then discuss the range of N realized by insects and explain the fundamental tradeoffs between an insect’s aerodynamic efficiency, stability, and responsiveness that arise as a consequence of variation in N, both across and within species. N is therefore an especially useful quantity for comparative approaches to the role of mechanics and aerodynamics in insect flight.
On Symplectic Birational Self-Maps of Projective Hyperkähler Manifolds of K3[n]-Type
Authors: Dutta Yajnaseni , Mattei Dominique , Prieto-Montañez Yulieth 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We prove that projective hyperkähler manifolds of K3$^{[n]}$-type admitting a non-trivial symplectic birational self-map of finite order are isomorphic to moduli spaces of stable (twisted) coherent sheaves on K3 surfaces. Motivated by this result, we analyze the reflections on the movable cone of moduli spaces of sheaves and determine when they come from a birational involution.
The Endoscopic Classification of Representations of Non-Quasi-Split Odd Special Orthogonal Groups
Authors: Ishimoto Hiroshi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In an earlier book of Arthur, the endoscopic classification of representations of quasi-split orthogonal and symplectic groups was established. Later Mok gave that of quasi-split unitary groups. After that, Kaletha, Minguez, Shin, and White gave that of non-quasi-split unitary groups for generic parameters. In this paper we prove the endoscopic classification of representations of non-quasi-split odd special orthogonal groups for generic parameters, following Kaletha, Minguez, Shin, and White.
Outpatient Follow-Up and Reconstructive Surgery Rates in Massive Burn Survivors: Investigating the Social Determinants
Authors: Valdez Jessica , Sen Soman , Palmieri Tina , Romanowski Kathleen , Greenhalgh David , Heard Jason 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Burn care continues to improve and larger total body surface area (TBSA) burn survival is increasing. These survivors require more extensive care than smaller burns and are at higher risk for wound/scar-related complications. Prior work has shown low rates of follow-up for burn survivors linked to socioeconomic factors such as housing insecurity and substance use. There are limited studies that evaluate socioeconomic factors that contribute to follow-up and reconstructive surgery rates in massively burned patients. Patients who survived to discharge with &gt;50% TBSA burns and planned return to the treating institution were included in the study. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed on the data collected. Sixty-five patients were included with an average TBSA of 63.1%. Fifty-three patients (81.5%) attended at least one follow-up appointment with median of 4 follow-up appointments. Younger patients (33 ± 9 vs 44 ± 11; P = .0006), patients with larger TBSA burns (65 ± 13 vs 55 ± 5%; P = .02), those with private insurance, and those without housing insecurity (1.8% vs 45.4%; P = .003) were more likely to follow up. On multivariate regression analysis, patients with housing insecurity were independently associated with lack of follow-up (OR: 0.009; CI: 0.00001-0.57). Thirty-five patients had at least one reconstructive surgery and 31 patients had reconstructive surgery after discharge. No patients with housing insecurity underwent reconstructive surgery. Follow-up rates in massive burns were higher than reported for smaller TBSA burns and more than half received reconstructive surgery. Housing-insecure patients should be targeted for improved follow-up and access to reconstructive surgery.
Differential expression of microRNAs in diapause and non-diapause gonads of Aspongopus chinensis Dallas (Hemiptera: Dinidoridae): implications for reproductive control
Authors: Yin Zhiyong , Yan Yufang , Khan Samiullah , Cai Renlian , Li Haiyin , Guo Jianjun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Aspongopus chinensis Dallas, 1851 (Hemiptera: Dinidoridae), an edible and medicinal insect, usually found in China and Southeast Asia, offers substantial potential for various applications. The reproductive cycle of this particular insect occurs annually because of reproductive diapause, leading to inadequate utilization of available natural resources. Despite its considerable ecological importance, the precise mechanisms underlying diapause in A. chinensis are not yet well understood. In this study, we conducted an analysis of comparing the microRNA (miRNA) regulation in the diapause and non-diapause gonads of A. chinensis and identified 303 differentially expressed miRNAs, among which, compared with the diapause group, 76 miRNAs were upregulated and 227 miRNAs downregulated. The results, regarding the Enrichment analysis of miRNA-targeted genes, showed their involvement in several essential biological processes, such as lipid anabolism, energy metabolism, and gonadal growth. Interestingly, we observed that the ATP-binding cassette pathway is the only enriched pathway, demonstrating the capability of these targeted miRNAs to regulate the reproductive diapause of A. chinensis through the above essential pathway. The current study provided the role of gonadal miRNA expression in the control of reproductive diapause in A. chinensis, the specific regulatory mechanism behind this event remained unknown and needed more investigation.