bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Century‐Long Records of Sedimentary Input on a Caribbean Reef From Coral Ba/Ca Ratios
Authors: Shaw Kathryn M. M. , Standish Christopher D. , Fowell Sara E. , Stewart Joseph A. , Castillo Karl D. , Ries Justin B. , Foster Gavin L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCoral reef ecosystems are delicately balanced and are thus prone to disruption by stressors such as storms, disease, climate variability and natural disasters. Most tropical coral populations worldwide are now in rapid decline owing to additional anthropogenic pressures, such as global warming, ocean acidification and a variety of local stressors. One such problem is the addition of excess sediment and nutrients flux to reefs from increased soil erosion from land use changes. Here we present century‐long Ba/Ca records from two Siderastrea siderea colonies as a proxy for local riverine discharge and sediment flux to the southern Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System (MBRS). The coral colonies have linear extension trends, which can be seen as a first‐order indicator for coral health and response. The coral colony that exhibits a decline in linear extension rate from the forereef of the MBRS, mainly receives riverine input from Honduras, whilst the coral from the backreef, which does not exhibit a decline in extension rate, primarily receives riverine input from more sparsely populated regions of Belize. Coral Ba/Ca increased (>70%) through time in the forereef colony, while the backreef colony showed little long‐term increase in Ba/Ca over the last century. Our results suggest that increasing sediment supply may have played a role in the decline of forereef skeletal extension in the southernmost MBRS region, likely stemming from increasing land‐use changes in Honduras.
Maternal obesity, interpregnancy weight changes and congenital heart defects in the offspring: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Hedermann Gitte , Hedley Paula L. , Gadsbøll Kasper , Thagaard Ida N. , Krebs Lone , Hagen Christian M. , Sørensen Thorkild. I. A. , Christiansen Michael , Ekelund Charlotte K. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objective
To evaluate the association between maternal BMI and congenital heart defects (CHDs) in the offspring when including live births, stillbirths, aborted and terminated pregnancies and to investigate if maternal interpregnancy weight changes between the first and second pregnancy influences the risk of foetal CHDs.

Methods
A nationwide cohort study of all singleton pregnancies in Denmark from 2008 to 2018. Data were retrieved from the Danish Foetal Medicine Database, which included both pre- and postnatal diagnoses of CHDs. Children or foetuses with chromosomal aberrations were excluded. Odds ratios were calculated with logistic regression models for CHDs overall, severe CHDs and five of the most prevalent subtypes of CHDs.

Results
Of the 547 105 pregnancies included in the cohort, 5 442 had CHDs (1.0%). Risk of CHDs became gradually higher with higher maternal BMI; for BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.17 (95% CI 1.10-1.26), for BMI 30-34.9 kg/m2, aOR 1.21 (95% CI 1.09-1.33), for BMI 35-39.9 kg/m2, aOR 1.29 (95% CI 1.11-1.50) and for BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2, aOR 1.85 (95% CI 1.54-2.21). Data was adjusted for maternal age, smoking status and year of estimated due date. The same pattern was seen for the subgroup of severe CHDs. Among the atrioventricular septal defects (n = 231), an association with maternal BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 was seen, OR 1.67 (95% CI 1.13-2.44). 109 654 women were identified with their first and second pregnancies in the cohort. Interpregnancy BMI change was associated with the risk of CHDs in the second pregnancy (BMI 2 to < 4 kg/m2: aOR 1.29, 95% CI 1.09-1.53; BMI ≥ 4 kg/m2: aOR 1.36, 95% CI 1.08-1.68).

Conclusion
The risk of foetal CHDs became gradually higher with higher maternal BMI and interpregnancy weight increases above 2 BMI units were also associated with a higher risk of CHDs.
A 3D In-vitro model of the human dentine interface shows long-range osteoinduction from the dentine surface
Authors: Macalester William , Boussahel Asme , Moreno-Tortolero Rafael O. , Shannon Mark R. , West Nicola , Hill Darryl , Perriman Adam 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEmerging regenerative cell therapies for alveolar bone loss have begun to explore the use of cell laden hydrogels for minimally invasive surgery to treat small and spatially complex maxilla-oral defects. However, the oral cavity presents a unique and challenging environment for in vivo bone tissue engineering, exhibiting both hard and soft periodontal tissue as well as acting as key biocenosis for many distinct microbial communities that interact with both the external environment and internal body systems, which will impact on cell fate and subsequent treatment efficacy. Herein, we design and bioprint a facile 3D in vitro model of a human dentine interface to probe the effect of the dentine surface on human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) encapsulated in a microporous hydrogel bioink. We demonstrate that the dentine substrate induces osteogenic differentiation of encapsulated hMSCs, and that both dentine and β-tricalcium phosphate substrates stimulate extracellular matrix production and maturation at the gel-media interface, which is distal to the gel-substrate interface. Our findings demonstrate the potential for long-range effects on stem cells by mineralized surfaces during bone tissue engineering and provide a framework for the rapid development of 3D dentine-bone interface models.
Enhancing crystal integrity and structural rigidity of CsPbBr3 nanoplatelets to achieve a narrow color-saturated blue emission
Authors: Huang Qianqian , Yin Wenxu , Gao Bo , Zeng Qingsen , Yao Dong , Zhang Hao , Zhao Yinghe , Zheng Weijia , Zhang Jiaqi , Yang Xuyong , Zhang Xiaoyu , Rogach Andrey L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractQuantum-confined CsPbBr3 perovskites are promising blue emitters for ultra-high-definition displays, but their soft lattice caused by highly ionic nature has a limited stability. Here, we endow CsPbBr3 nanoplatelets (NPLs) with atomic crystal-like structural rigidity through proper surface engineering, by using strongly bound N-dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (DBSA). A stable, rigid crystal structure, as well as uniform, orderly-arranged surface of these NPLs is achieved by optimizing intermediate reaction stage, by switching from molecular clusters to mono-octahedra, while interaction with DBSA resulted in formation of a CsxO monolayer shell capping the NPL surface. As a result, both structural and optical stability of the CsPbBr3 NPLs is enhanced by strong covalent bonding of DBSA, which inhibits undesired phase transitions and decomposition of the perovskite phase potentially caused by ligand desorption. Moreover, rather small amount of DBSA ligands at the NPL surface results in a short inter-NPL spacing in their closely-packed films, which facilitates efficient charge injection and transport. Blue photoluminescence of the produced CsPbBr3 NPLs is bright (nearly unity emission quantum yield) and peaks at 457 nm with an extremely narrow bandwidth of 3.7 nm at 80 K, while the bandwidth of the electroluminescence (peaked at 460 nm) also reaches a record-narrow value of 15 nm at room temperature. This value corresponds to the CIE coordinates of (0.141, 0.062), which meets Rec. 2020 standards for ultra-high-definition displays.
SARS-CoV-2 aberrantly elevates mitochondrial bioenergetics to induce robust virus propagation
Authors: Shin Hye Jin , Lee Wooseong , Ku Keun Bon , Yoon Gun Young , Moon Hyun-Woo , Kim Chonsaeng , Kim Mi-Hwa , Yi Yoon-Sun , Jun Sangmi , Kim Bum-Tae , Oh Jong-Won , Siddiqui Aleem , Kim Seong-Jun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a ‘highly transmissible respiratory pathogen, leading to severe multi-organ damage. However, knowledge regarding SARS-CoV-2-induced cellular alterations is limited. In this study, we report that SARS-CoV-2 aberrantly elevates mitochondrial bioenergetics and activates the EGFR-mediated cell survival signal cascade during the early stage of viral infection. SARS-CoV-2 causes an increase in mitochondrial transmembrane potential via the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-nucleocapsid cluster, thereby abnormally promoting mitochondrial elongation and the OXPHOS process, followed by enhancing ATP production. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 activates the EGFR signal cascade and subsequently induces mitochondrial EGFR trafficking, contributing to abnormal OXPHOS process and viral propagation. Approved EGFR inhibitors remarkably reduce SARS-CoV-2 propagation, among which vandetanib exhibits the highest antiviral efficacy. Treatment of SARS-CoV-2-infected cells with vandetanib decreases SARS-CoV-2-induced EGFR trafficking to the mitochondria and restores SARS-CoV-2-induced aberrant elevation in OXPHOS process and ATP generation, thereby resulting in the reduction of SARS-CoV-2 propagation. Furthermore, oral administration of vandetanib to SARS-CoV-2-infected hACE2 transgenic mice reduces SARS-CoV-2 propagation in lung tissue and mitigates SARS-CoV-2-induced lung inflammation. Vandetanib also exhibits potent antiviral activity against various SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, including alpha, beta, delta and omicron, in in vitro cell culture experiments. Taken together, our findings provide novel insight into SARS-CoV-2-induced alterations in mitochondrial dynamics and EGFR trafficking during the early stage of viral infection and their roles in robust SARS-CoV-2 propagation, suggesting that EGFR is an attractive host target for combating COVID-19.
Valrubicin-loaded immunoliposomes for specific vesicle-mediated cell death in the treatment of hematological cancers
Authors: Georgievski Aleksandra , Bellaye Pierre-Simon , Tournier Benjamin , Choubley Hélène , Pais de Barros Jean-Paul , Herbst Michaële , Béduneau Arnaud , Callier Patrick , Collin Bertrand , Végran Frédérique , Ballerini Paola , Garrido Carmen , Quéré Ronan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe created valrubicin-loaded immunoliposomes (Val-ILs) using the antitumor prodrug valrubicin, a hydrophobic analog of daunorubicin. Being lipophilic, valrubicin readily incorporated Val-lLs that were loaded with specific antibodies. Val-ILs injected intravenously rapidly reached the bone marrow and spleen, indicating their potential to effectively target cancer cells in these areas. Following the transplantation of human pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), or acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in immunodeficient NSG mice, we generated patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models, which were treated with Val-ILs loaded with antibodies to target CD19, CD7 or CD33. Only a small amount of valrubicin incorporated into Val-ILs was needed to induce leukemia cell death in vivo, suggesting that this approach could be used to efficiently treat acute leukemia cells. We also demonstrated that Val-ILs could reduce the risk of contamination of CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells by acute leukemia cells during autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation, which is a significant advantage for clinical applications. Using EL4 lymphoma cells on immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice, we also highlighted the potential of Val-ILs to target immunosuppressive cell populations in the spleen, which could be valuable in impairing cancer cell expansion, particularly in lymphoma cases. The most efficient Val-ILs were found to be those loaded with CD11b or CD223 antibodies, which, respectively, target the myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) or the lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3 or CD223) on T4 lymphocytes. This study provides a promising preclinical demonstration of the effectiveness and ease of preparation of Val-ILs as a novel nanoparticle technology. In the context of hematological cancers, Val-ILs have the potential to be used as a precise and effective therapy based on targeted vesicle-mediated cell death.
Mono-ADP-ribosylation, a MARylationmultifaced modification of protein, DNA and RNA: characterizations, functions and mechanisms
Authors: Wu Hao , Lu Anqi , Yuan Jiuzhi , Yu Yang , Lv Chongning , Lu Jincai 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe functional alterations of proteins and nucleic acids mainly rely on their modifications. ADP-ribosylation is a NAD+-dependent modification of proteins and, in some cases, of nucleic acids. This modification is broadly categorized as Mono(ADP-ribosyl)ation (MARylation) or poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation). MARylation catalyzed by mono(ADP-ribosyl) transferases (MARTs) is more common in cells and the number of MARTs is much larger than poly(ADP-ribosyl) transferases. Unlike PARylation is well-characterized, research on MARylation is at the starting stage. However, growing evidence demonstrate the cellular functions of MARylation, supporting its potential roles in human health and diseases. In this review, we outlined MARylation-associated proteins including MARTs, the ADP-ribosyl hydrolyses and ADP-ribose binding domains. We summarized up-to-date findings about MARylation onto newly identified substrates including protein, DNA and RNA, and focused on the functions of these reactions in pathophysiological conditions as well as speculated the potential mechanisms. Furthermore, new strategies of MARylation detection and the current state of MARTs inhibitors were discussed. We also provided an outlook for future study, aiming to revealing the unknown biological properties of MARylation and its relevant mechanisms, and establish a novel therapeutic perspective in human diseases.
Enhancing genome editing in hPSCs through dual inhibition of DNA damage response and repair pathways
Authors: Park Ju-Chan , Kim Yun-Jeong , Hwang Gue-Ho , Kang Chan Young , Bae Sangsu , Cha Hyuk-Jin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPrecise genome editing is crucial for establishing isogenic human disease models and ex vivo stem cell therapy from the patient-derived hPSCs. Unlike Cas9-mediated knock-in, cytosine base editor and prime editor achieve the desirable gene correction without inducing DNA double strand breaks. However, hPSCs possess highly active DNA repair pathways and are particularly susceptible to p53-dependent cell death. These unique characteristics impede the efficiency of gene editing in hPSCs. Here, we demonstrate that dual inhibition of p53-mediated cell death and distinct activation of the DNA damage repair system upon DNA damage by cytosine base editor or prime editor additively enhanced editing efficiency in hPSCs. The BE4stem system comprised of p53DD, a dominant negative p53, and three UNG inhibitor, engineered to specifically diminish base excision repair, improves cytosine base editor efficiency in hPSCs. Addition of dominant negative MLH1 to inhibit mismatch repair activity and p53DD in the conventional prime editor system also significantly enhances prime editor efficiency in hPSCs. Thus, combined inhibition of the distinct cellular cascades engaged in hPSCs upon gene editing could significantly enhance precise genome editing in these cells.
Cavity-enhanced photon indistinguishability at room temperature and telecom wavelengths
Authors: Husel Lukas , Trapp Julian , Scherzer Johannes , Wu Xiaojian , Wang Peng , Fortner Jacob , Nutz Manuel , Hümmer Thomas , Polovnikov Borislav , Förg Michael , Hunger David , Wang YuHuang , Högele Alexander 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIndistinguishable single photons in the telecom-bandwidth of optical fibers are indispensable for long-distance quantum communication. Solid-state single photon emitters have achieved excellent performance in key benchmarks, however, the demonstration of indistinguishability at room-temperature remains a major challenge. Here, we report room-temperature photon indistinguishability at telecom wavelengths from individual nanotube defects in a fiber-based microcavity operated in the regime of incoherent good cavity-coupling. The efficiency of the coupled system outperforms spectral or temporal filtering, and the photon indistinguishability is increased by more than two orders of magnitude compared to the free-space limit. Our results highlight a promising strategy to attain optimized non-classical light sources.
Coherent optical coupling to surface acoustic wave devices
Authors: Iyer Arjun , Kandel Yadav P. , Xu Wendao , Nichol John M. , Renninger William H. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSurface acoustic waves (SAW) and associated devices are ideal for sensing, metrology, and hybrid quantum devices. While the advances demonstrated to date are largely based on electromechanical coupling, a robust and customizable coherent optical coupling would unlock mature and powerful cavity optomechanical control techniques and an efficient optical pathway for long-distance quantum links. Here we demonstrate direct and robust coherent optical coupling to Gaussian surface acoustic wave cavities with small mode volumes and high quality factors (>105 measured here) through a Brillouin-like optomechanical interaction. High-frequency SAW cavities designed with curved metallic acoustic reflectors deposited on crystalline substrates are efficiently optically accessed along piezo-active directions, as well as non-piezo-active (electromechanically inaccessible) directions. The precise optical technique uniquely enables controlled analysis of dissipation mechanisms as well as detailed transverse spatial mode spectroscopy. These advantages combined with simple fabrication, large power handling, and strong coupling to quantum systems make SAW optomechanical platforms particularly attractive for sensing, material science, and hybrid quantum systems.
An integrated multi-omics approach reveals polymethoxylated flavonoid biosynthesis in Citrus reticulata cv. Chachiensis
Authors: Wen Jiawen , Wang Yayu , Lu Xu , Pan Huimin , Jin Dian , Wen Jialing , Jin Canzhi , Sahu Sunil Kumar , Su Jianmu , Luo Xinyue , Jin Xiaohuan , Zhao Jiao , Wu Hong , Liu E-Hu , Liu Huan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCitrus reticulata cv. Chachiensis (CRC) is an important medicinal plant, its dried mature peels named “Guangchenpi”, has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine to treat cough, indigestion, and lung diseases for several hundred years. However, the biosynthesis of the crucial natural products polymethoxylated flavonoids (PMFs) in CRC remains unclear. Here, we report a chromosome-scale genome assembly of CRC with the size of 314.96 Mb and a contig N50 of 16.22 Mb. Using multi-omics resources, we discover a putative caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (CcOMT1) that can transfer a methyl group to the 3-hydroxyl of natsudaidain to form 3,5,6,7,8,3’,4’-heptamethoxyflavone (HPMF). Based on transient overexpression and virus-induced gene silencing experiments, we propose that CcOMT1 is a candidate enzyme in HPMF biosynthesis. In addition, a potential gene regulatory network associated with PMF biosynthesis is identified. This study provides insights into PMF biosynthesis and may assist future research on mining genes for the biosynthesis of plant-based medicines.
Anthropogenic forcings reverse a simulated multi-century naturally-forced Northern Hemisphere Hadley cell intensification
Authors: Hess Or , Chemke Rei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Hadley circulation plays a central role in determining the location and intensity of the hydrological cycle in tropical and subtropical latitudes. Thus, the human-induced historical and projected weakening of the Northern Hemisphere Hadley circulation has considerable societal impacts. Yet, it is currently unknown how unparalleled this weakening is relative to the response of the circulation to natural forcings in past centuries. Here, using state-of-the-art climate models, we show that in contrast to the recent and future human-induced Hadley circulation weakening, natural forcings acted to intensify the circulation by cooling the climate over the last millennium. The reversal of a naturally-forced multi-centennial trend by human emissions highlights their unprecedented impacts on the atmospheric circulation. Given the amplifying effect of natural forcings on the Hadley circulation, our analysis stresses the importance of adequately incorporating natural forcings in climate model projections to better constrain future tropical climate changes.
Cerebellar Purkinje cells combine sensory and motor information to predict the sensory consequences of active self-motion in macaques
Authors: Zobeiri Omid A. , Cullen Kathleen E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAccurate perception and behavior rely on distinguishing sensory signals arising from unexpected events from those originating from our own voluntary actions. In the vestibular system, sensory input that is the consequence of active self-motion is canceled early at the first central stage of processing to ensure postural and perceptual stability. However, the source of the required cancellation signal was unknown. Here, we show that the cerebellum combines sensory and motor-related information to predict the sensory consequences of active self-motion. Recordings during attempted but unrealized head movements in two male rhesus monkeys, revealed that the motor-related signals encoded by anterior vermis Purkinje cells explain their altered sensitivity to active versus passive self-motion. Further, a model combining responses from ~40 Purkinje cells accounted for the cancellation observed in early vestibular pathways. These findings establish how cerebellar Purkinje cells predict sensory outcomes of self-movements, resolving a long-standing issue of sensory signal suppression during self-motion.
Highest fusion performance without harmful edge energy bursts in tokamak
Authors: Kim S. K. , Shousha R. , Yang S. M. , Hu Q. , Hahn S. H. , Jalalvand A. , Park J.-K. , Logan N. C. , Nelson A. O. , Na Y.-S. , Nazikian R. , Wilcox R. , Hong R. , Rhodes T. , Paz-Soldan C. , Jeon Y. M. , Kim M. W. , Ko W. H. , Lee J. H. , Battey A. , Yu G. , Bortolon A. , Snipes J. , Kolemen E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe path of tokamak fusion and International thermonuclear experimental reactor (ITER) is maintaining high-performance plasma to produce sufficient fusion power. This effort is hindered by the transient energy burst arising from the instabilities at the boundary of plasmas. Conventional 3D magnetic perturbations used to suppress these instabilities often degrade fusion performance and increase the risk of other instabilities. This study presents an innovative 3D field optimization approach that leverages machine learning and real-time adaptability to overcome these challenges. Implemented in the DIII-D and KSTAR tokamaks, this method has consistently achieved reactor-relevant core confinement and the highest fusion performance without triggering damaging bursts. This is enabled by advances in the physics understanding of self-organized transport in the plasma edge and machine learning techniques to optimize the 3D field spectrum. The success of automated, real-time adaptive control of such complex systems paves the way for maximizing fusion efficiency in ITER and beyond while minimizing damage to device components.
A fully autonomous robotic ultrasound system for thyroid scanning
Authors: Su Kang , Liu Jingwei , Ren Xiaoqi , Huo Yingxiang , Du Guanglong , Zhao Wei , Wang Xueqian , Liang Bin , Li Di , Liu Peter Xiaoping 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe current thyroid ultrasound relies heavily on the experience and skills of the sonographer and the expertise of the radiologist, and the process is physically and cognitively exhausting. In this paper, we report a fully autonomous robotic ultrasound system, which is able to scan thyroid regions without human assistance and identify malignant nod- ules. In this system, human skeleton point recognition, reinforcement learning, and force feedback are used to deal with the difficulties in locating thyroid targets. The orientation of the ultrasound probe is adjusted dynamically via Bayesian optimization. Experimental results on human participants demonstrated that this system can perform high-quality ultrasound scans, close to manual scans obtained by clinicians. Additionally, it has the potential to detect thyroid nodules and provide data on nodule characteristics for American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR TI-RADS) calculation.