bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agricultural producer and non-producer perceptions of crop residue burning: a focus on arkansas
Authors: Hyink Jillian , Bresnahan Ryan , McFadden Brandon R. , Shew Aaron M. , Mitchell James 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAgricultural producers adopt management practices that positively and negatively affect the lives of non-producers in their communities. CRB has important environmental and human health implications, and local non-producers might have different perceptions and attitudes from agricultural producers about crop residue burning. In this paper, we use a multi-stakeholder approach to study the issue of crop residue burning (CRB). Survey data were collected from a sample of producers in Arkansas who burn crop residue and a sample of non-producers who resided in the same counties as the producers. Non-producers may not be willing to compensate producers at an amount that would reduce the use of CBR. Non-producers do not fully understand some of the benefits of CRB, like reduced tillage or equipment savings cost, and producers are less likely to perceive increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions as a negative externality associated with CRB. A multi-stakeholder approach can provide more depth and breadth to understanding complex decisions about farm management practices, and these results have implications for policies that incentivize adopting best farm management practices.
Addressing corrigibility in near-future AI systems
Authors: Firt Erez 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWhen we discuss future advanced autonomous AI systems, one of the worries is that these systems will be capable enough to resist external intervention, even when such intervention is crucial, for example, when the system is not behaving as intended. The rationale behind such worries is that such intelligent systems will be motivated to resist attempts to modify or shut them down so they can preserve their objectives. To mitigate and face these worries, we want our future systems to be corrigible, i.e., to tolerate, cooperate or assist many forms of outside correction. One important reason for considering corrigibility as an important safety property is that we already know how hard it is to construct AI agents with a generalized enough utility function; and the more advanced and capable the agent is, the more it is unlikely that a complex baseline utility function built into it will be perfect from the start. In this paper, we try to achieve corrigibility in (at least) systems based on known or near-future (imaginable) technology, by endorsing and integrating different approaches to building AI-based systems. Our proposal replaces the attempts to provide a corrigible utility function with the proposed corrigible software architecture; this takes the agency off the RL agent – which now becomes an RL solver – and grants it to the system as a whole.
Evaluating ChatGPT-4 in medical education: an assessment of subject exam performance reveals limitations in clinical curriculum support for students
Authors: Mackey Brendan P. , Garabet Razmig , Maule Laura , Tadesse Abay , Cross James , Weingarten Michael 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study evaluates the proficiency of ChatGPT-4 across various medical specialties and assesses its potential as a study tool for medical students preparing for the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 2 and related clinical subject exams. ChatGPT-4 answered board-level questions with 89% accuracy, but showcased significant discrepancies in performance across specialties. Although it excelled in psychiatry, neurology, and obstetrics and gynecology, it underperformed in pediatrics, emergency medicine, and family medicine. These variations may be potentially attributed to the depth and recency of training data as well as the scope of the specialties assessed. Specialties with significant interdisciplinary overlap had lower performance, suggesting complex clinical scenarios pose a challenge to the AI. In terms of the future, the overall efficacy of ChatGPT-4 indicates a promising supplemental role in medical education, but performance inconsistencies across specialties in the current version lead us to recommend that medical students use AI with caution.
A cluster of Candida parapsilosis displaying fluconazole-trailing in a neonatal intensive care unit successfully contained by multiple infection-control interventions
Authors: Baba Hiroaki , Kanamori Hajime , Nakayama Asami , Sato Takami , Katsumi Makoto , Chida Takae , Ikeda Shinobu , Seki Rio , Arai Teppei , Kamei Katsuhiko , Tokuda Koichi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective:
This study aimed to investigate and contain a cluster of invasive candidiasis cases caused by fluconazole-resistant Candida parapsilosis (FRC) in a neonatal intensive care unit.

Methods:
Active surveillance was initiated. Direct observations of hand-hygiene compliance (HHC) among staff were conducted before and after the implementation of hand-hygiene (HH) education. Thirty-five environmental cultures were obtained. Phylogenetic analysis of FRC was performed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and microsatellite genotyping.

Results:
A total of 14 patients (mean birth weight = 860 g, gestational age = 25 weeks) infected with FRC were identified using the fully automated analyzer, including 5 with clinical infection (three with catheter-related bloodstream infection, one with cutaneous infection, and one with fatal peritonitis) and 9 with colonization. The HHC rate in nurses before performing a sterile or aseptic procedure significantly improved after the HH education (P < .05). Sinks near the patients were contaminated with FRC. All FRC strains were confirmed to be susceptible to fluconazole using the CLSI method, and the microdilution procedure indicated a trailing effect. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all the fluconazole-trailing isolates from patients were clustered together and had the same genotype. Sinks were successfully decontaminated using accelerated hydrogen peroxide and drainage pipes were replaced. Ultraviolet-C decontamination was applied in the milk preparation room. No new cases were detected after the education and disinfection interventions.

Conclusions:
Sinks are an important reservoir of C. parapsilosis. Active surveillance, environmental hygiene, and constant staff education on maintaining a high level of HHC are necessary to limit the spread of C. parapsilosis.
Psychological interventions for children with emotional and behavioral difficulties aged 5–12 years: An evidence review
Authors: Brown Felicity L. , Lee Catherine , Servili Chiara , Willhoite Ann , Van Ommeren Mark , Hijazi Zeinab , Kieselbach Berit , Skeen Sarah 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), children and families face a multitude of risk factors for mental health and well-being. These risks are even further exacerbated in humanitarian emergencies. However, access to effective mental health services in such settings is severely limited, leading to a large mental health treatment gap. Middle childhood (5–12 years) is a crucial period for human development during which symptoms of emotional distress often emerge, with one in three mental disorders developing prior to age 14. However, there is little evidence of effective psychological interventions for children in this developmental stage, and suitable for implementation within LMICs and humanitarian emergencies. We conducted this evidence review to inform the development of a new intervention package based on existing best practice for this age group, drawing insights from both global and LMIC resources. Our review synthesizes the findings of 52 intervention studies from LMICs and humanitarian settings; 53 existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses covering both LMICs and high-income countries, and 15 technical guidelines. Overall, there is limited high-quality evidence from which to draw recommendations for this age group; however, some promising intervention approaches were identified for children experiencing externalizing and internalizing symptoms, traumatic stress and a combination of difficulties. Several effective interventions utilize cognitive-behavioral techniques for children, in either group or individual format, and incorporate caregiver skills training into treatment, although the findings are mixed. Most evaluated interventions use specialists as delivery agents and are lengthy, which poses challenges for scale-up in settings where financial and human resources are scarce. These findings will inform the development of new psychological interventions for children in this age group with emotional and behavioral difficulties.
Socialist Sex Education and Its Transnational Entanglements: Monika Krause and the Effort to “Teach Tenderness” to the People
Authors: Töpper Daniel 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article traces the transnational circulation of socialist reforms in the field of sex education through the work of Monika Krause, a citizen of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) who migrated to Cuba and became the “Cuban Queen of Condoms.” For Krause, the overarching goal of sex education was to “teach tenderness” to the people. The socialist state’s mission to prepare the population for love, marriage, partnership, and family in Cuba and the GDR involved using complex measures. This paper describes these, contextualizes them in transnational debates, and explains some of the internal reasoning behind their institutionalization. It also explains why looking at state-level efforts to “teach tenderness to the people” matters for a transnational history of sex education.
The effects of dry heat and steam on germination of dry and imbibed seeds of the invasive garden lupine (Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl.)
Authors: Blomqvist Elin L. , Orlikowska Ewa H. , Paikert Hanna , Eckstein R. Lutz 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRegularly mown road verges are an important habitat for conservation of grassland vegetation. Disturbance and movement of seed-contaminated soil during road construction and maintenance makes road verges susceptible to the establishment of invasive alien plants such as garden lupine (Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl.). To combat the spread of L. polyphyllus via seeds, we tested methods for seed destruction using heat. This study aimed at developing heat eradication methods for dry and imbibed L. polyphyllus seeds applying dry heat (88, 93, 98, 103 C for 1, 3, 5, 10 min) in a laboratory, steam (85, 90, 95 C for 3, 5, 10 min) in a test box steaming device, and (97 C at 10 to 17 min; dry seeds only) in a stationary soil-steaming machine (S30). To speed up water absorption and posttreatment germination, the imbibed seeds were manually scarified before the heat treatment and the dry seeds afterward. Additionally, germination of two seed batches of different ages was tested applying dry heat (88, 98 C at 3, 5 min). Steam treatments inhibited seed germination more than dry heat in both dry and imbibed seeds. Germination dropped to <5% when steamed at ≥90 C or dry heated at >100 C. Seed germination decreased with higher temperatures and longer exposure times. Imbibed seeds exhibited lower germination compared with dry seeds for dry and steam heat. Approximately 0.5% of dry seeds germinated when steamed using the S30. The seeds collected in 2022 were less sensitive to dry heat than seeds from 2020. In conclusion, hot steam is more effective in reducing L. polyphyllus seed germination than dry heat. Thus, to successfully eradicate L. polyphyllus seeds in soil masses, we recommend steaming them at 97 C for at least 10 min.
Series expansions for random disc-polygons in smooth plane convex bodies
Authors: Fodor Ferenc , Montenegro Pinzón Nicolás A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe establish power-series expansions for the asymptotic expectations of the vertex number and missed area of random disc-polygons in planar convex bodies with
$C^{k+1}_+$
-smooth boundaries. These results extend asymptotic formulas proved in Fodor et al. (2014).
Late glacial to Holocene fluvial dynamics in the Upper Rhine alluvial plain, France
Authors: Abdulkarim Mubarak , Schmitt Laurent , Fülling Alexander , Rambeau Claire , Ertlen Damien , Mueller Daniela , Chapkanski Stoil , Preusser Frank 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHigh-resolution sedimentological and geochronological investigations of paleochannel systems in the Ried Central d'Alsace (northeastern France) allow for the reconstruction of the late glacial and Holocene fluvial evolution of this section of the Upper Rhine alluvial plain. During the Oldest Dryas, the landscape featured a dominant braided Rhine system and, to a lesser extent, a braided Fecht system. The shift to the Bølling-Allerød saw a narrowing of the Rhine's active channel belt, the development of a complex channel pattern, and the genesis of the Ill River. The river channel patterns remained unchanged during the Younger Dryas. In the Early Holocene, the Rhine's active belt narrowed further, and the Rhine and Ill Rivers developed braided-anastomosing and anastomosing channel patterns, respectively. Throughout the Holocene, both rivers maintained their channel patterns while migrating east and west across the alluvial plain, respectively. In the late glacial, fluvial dynamics in this section of the Upper Rhine plain were primarily influenced by climate-related environmental and hydrogeomorphological changes. Conversely, during the Holocene, the evolution of the fluvial hydrosystems was driven by a complex interaction of climatic and non-climatic factors, including human activity at the catchment scale, alluvial plain architecture, and local neotectonics.
A 1179-yr (417–1595 CE) tree-ring oxygen isotope chronology for northern Japan validated using the 774–775 CE radiocarbon spike
Authors: Sano Masaki , Li Zhen , Tsushima Akane , Kimura Katsuhiko , Nakamura Toshio , Ohyama Motonari , Sakamoto Minoru , Nakatsuka Takeshi , Hakozaki Masataka 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe present an annual-resolution, millennium-long tree-ring chronology for northern Japan. The chronology is based on 5309 measurements of tree-ring δ18O from 37 samples of Hiba arbor-vitae (Thujopsis dolabrata var. hondae). Although the exact geographical origin of 27 of the samples is unknown because they were extracted from excavated archaeological material, pattern matching of the tree-ring δ18O variations was robust among all 37 samples. The floating chronology constructed using all samples was cross-dated against a previously published δ18O chronology from central Japan, yielding a correlation coefficient of 0.26 (t = 9.0; p < 0.01), resulting in a temporal coverage of 417–1595 CE (i.e., 1179 yrs). The global 14C spike event at 774–775 CE was clearly recorded in the annual 14C data, which provides independent support for the dating of tree rings using oxygen isotopes. Furthermore, this δ18O chronology from northern Japan was used to successfully cross-date a wood sample buried during the “Millennium Eruption” of Baitoushan, which is located on the border between China and North Korea.
A variational principle of amenable random metric mean dimensions
Authors: Tang Dingxuan , Li Zhiming 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the context of random amenable group actions, we introduce the notions of random upper metric mean dimension with potentials and the random upper measure-theoretical metric mean dimension. Besides, we establish a variational principle for the random upper metric mean dimensions. At the end, we study the equilibrium state for random upper metric mean dimensions.
Comprehension of complex sentences containing temporal connectives: How children are led down the event-semantic kindergarten-path
Authors: Makrodimitris Christos , Schulz Petra 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Children up to school age are known to have difficulty comprehending complex sentences with temporal connectives, but the reasons remain controversial. We tested six- to twelve-year-old children to assess how the iconicity of event-language mapping, type of connective, and clause order mediate the comprehension of temporal sentences. Sixty monolingual Greek-speaking children and 15 adult controls completed a picture-sequence selection task in which they judged after- and before-sentences in iconic and non-iconic order. Up to age twelve, children did not reach full adult-like comprehension of the connectives; performance in non-iconic after-sentences was significantly lower than in the other three conditions across all ages. We conclude that neither iconicity, connective, nor clause order can fully explain these findings and propose an account based on the interaction of iconicity and clause order: non-iconic, sentence-medial after requires revision of the initial event representation, resulting in an event-semantic kindergarten-path that children find difficult to overcome.
“Doing the Work of Science”: Tibetan Environmentalists and the Changing Dynamics of Ecological Conservation in China
Authors: Bum Tsering 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In the context of China's “Constructing ecological civilization” initiative, Tibetan environmentalists are proactively incorporating ecological science into their wildlife conservation efforts. This ethnographic study explores the logics, rationales and motivations behind this approach among Tibetans in Qinghai province. The article contends that Tibetan environmentalists adopt ecological science to gain legibility in the eyes of both the state and the wider environmental conservation community, thereby enhancing their political legitimacy and social recognition. On one hand, this practice counters the stigmatizing narratives that depict Tibetan pastoralists as backward. By embracing scientific discourses and practices, they challenge such derogatory views and position themselves as forward-thinking conservationists. On the other hand, this strategy indirectly preserves the traditional knowledge of pastoralists. Through their involvement with ecological science, they merge traditional insights with scientific methodologies, ensuring the protection of their cultural heritage while adapting to the sociopolitical landscape of contemporary conservation dynamics in China.
A Grand Jury Exhortation
Authors: Keener Benjamin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This essay brings to light a rare feature of the Stewart legal system. Grand jury charges remain understudied, partly for want of primary source materials. The brief historical and biographical sketches of the essay are appended by a unique and relevant artifact of the time: a preamble or exhortation to a grand jury charge, ostensibly delivered by a Justice of the King's Bench, John Dodderidge.
The Effect of Energy Deposition Hemispherical Asymmetry on Characteristics of LSTIDs During 17 March 2015 Geomagnetic Storm
Authors: Terefe Dejene Ambisa , Nigussie Melessew , Habarulema John Bosco 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article presents the effect of energy deposition hemispherical asymmetry on characteristics of large scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (LSTIDs) such as the amplitude and velocity during the geomagnetic storm of 17–18 March 2015. LSTIDs are quantified using total electron content (TEC) derived from Global Navigation Satellite System observations considering a longitude range of 50° over the America, Europe‐Africa, and Asia‐Australia sectors at geomagnetic Conjugate Regions (CR). We applied the cross‐correlation method between time series of change in TEC (ΔTEC) to estimate meridional velocities of LSTIDs in all sectors of both hemispheres. Our results revealed that amplitude of LSTIDs are larger most of the time in the northern hemisphere than the geomagnetic CR in the southern hemisphere which may partly be accounted for by hemispherical energy imbalance during storm time. In addition, on average higher meridional LSTIDs velocities are observed in northern hemisphere in all sectors during 17 March 2015 geomagnetic storm.
Orientation of IMF Discontinuity Normals Across the Solar Cycles
Authors: Lee S. H. , Sibeck D. G. , Weimer D. R. , Omidi N. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTransient events like hot flow anomalies and foreshock bubbles are common in the Earth's foreshock. These foreshock transients may play an important role in the solar wind‐magnetosphere interaction. They typically occur when backstreaming ions accumulate at the intersection of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) discontinuities with the bow shock. Discontinuity orientations play a key role in determining when and where transients form in the foreshock and strike the magnetopause. They also play a role in determining the amplitude, and significance, of individual transients. We investigate properties of the IMF discontinuity normals across two solar cycles. We compare Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) IMF discontinuity observations for 2001, 2002, 2012, and 2014 (solar maximum) and 2008, 2009, 2019, and 2020 (solar minimum). We employ both the Minimum variance analysis (MVA) and Cross‐product methods to determine phase front normals. Most discontinuity normals point earthward and dawnward at longitudes ranging from 180° to 250°. A greater range of normal can be seen during solar minimum than during solar maximum. Normals lie further from the Sun‐Earth line when solar wind densities are low and velocities are high. This provides a natural explanation for the observed tendency of transients to occur for low solar wind densities and high velocities in terms of longer discontinuity interaction times with the bow shock.
Statistical Observations of Proton‐Band Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron Waves in the Outer Magnetosphere: Full Wavevector Determination
Authors: Toledo‐Redondo S. , Lee J. H. , Vines S. K. , Albert I. F. , André M. , Castilla A. , Dargent J. P. , Fu H. S. , Fuselier S. A. , Genot V. , Graham D. B. , Kitamura N. , Khotyaintsev Yu. V. , Lavraud B. , Montagud‐Camps V. , Navarro E. A. , Norgren C. , Perrone D. , Phan T. D. , Portí J. , Salinas A. , Stawarz J. E. , Vaivads A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractElectromagnetic Ion Cyclotron (EMIC) waves mediate energy transfer from the solar wind to the magnetosphere, relativistic electron precipitation, or thermalization of the ring current population, to name a few. How these processes take place depends on the wave properties, such as the wavevector and polarization. However, inferring the wavevector from in‐situ measurements is problematic since one needs to disentangle spatial and time variations. Using 8 years of Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission observations in the dayside magnetosphere, we present an algorithm to detect proton‐band EMIC waves in the Earth's dayside magnetosphere, and find that they are present roughly 15% of the time. Their normalized frequency presents a dawn‐dusk asymmetry, with waves in the dawn flank magnetosphere having larger frequency than in the dusk, subsolar, and dawn near subsolar region. It is shown that the observations are unstable to the ion cyclotron instability. We obtain the wave polarization and wavevector by comparing Single Value Decomposition and Ampere methods. We observe that for most waves the perpendicular wavenumber (k⊥) is larger than the inverse of the proton gyroradius (ρi), that is, k⊥ρi > 1, while the parallel wavenumber is smaller than the inverse of the ion gyroradius, that is, k‖ρi < 1. Left‐hand polarized waves are associated with small wave normal angles (θBk < 30°), while linearly polarized waves are associated with large wave normal angles (θBk > 30°). This work constitutes, to our knowledge, the first attempt to statistically infer the full wavevector of proton‐band EMIC waves observed in the outer magnetosphere.