bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reporting of Animal Research Studies in Concordance with ARRIVE Guidelines in Indian Medical Journals
Authors: Sawachia Kavita , Singhal Shubha , Mishra Ankita , Kalra Bhupinder Singh 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Inappropriate reporting of animal studies has been a serious issue. The Animals in Research: Reporting in Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE) guidelines were published to improve design, analysis, and reporting of animal studies.

Methods:
The present study is a retrospective observational study of published original research using small laboratory animals. Studies published between the year 2015 and 2020 in Indian Journal of Medical Research (IJMR), Indian Journal of Pharmacology (IJP), Indian Journal of Experimental Biology (IJEB), and Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics (JPP) were reviewed in accordance with ARRIVE guidelines.

Results:
Three hundred and seventy-seven studies (JPP n = 15, IJMR n = 37, IJEB n = 157, IJP n = 167) were analyzed. A statement regarding ethics approval was reported in 90.2% of studies. Information regarding randomization and blinding was reported in 20.4% and 0.53% of studies, respectively. Only nine studies mentioned sample-size calculation. Macroenvironmental information such as room temperature/humidity were detailed in 87.5% and light/dark cycle in 96.5% of studies. Concerning microenvironmental conditions, access to food and water was reported in 75% of studies. Only 6.3% studies mentioned the details of adverse events. Information regarding humane endpoint was missing in all studies.

Conclusion:
Inappropriate and inadequate reporting in some areas of animal research need to be curbed by adhering to ARRIVE guidelines.
Efficacy of Single-Dose Ivermectin on Virologic and Clinical Recovery in COVID-19
Authors: Saxena Romit , Rajanagam Muthu , Jhamb Urmila , Manchanda Vikas , Saxena Sonal , Pallavi  
Published: May 2024

Background:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic mounts an ever increasing challenge on healthcare resources. Ivermectin shows promise in in vitro studies on coronavirus, but there are few prospective trials on currently approved dosage recommendation for the treatment of COVID-19.

Aims:
To study the virologic and clinical recovery after single-dose ivermectin, given within first 5 days of symptom onset.

Settings and design:
Prospective, open-labeled, randomized controlled trial. Patients were recruited in between August 30, 2020, and November 6, 2020, at a single referral center for patients with COVID.

Materials and methods:
The study participants included patients presenting with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. The patients were randomized to receive a single-dose ivermectin, 0.2 mg/kg in the treatment group (TG). Both groups [TG and control group (CG)], continued to receive standard treatment.

Results:
The recruited cohort was comparable in the two arms of the study, except age and height. There was no statistically significant difference in virologic clearance between the two arms (percentage COVID positive day 7: TG: 34.2% vs. CG: 52.6%, P = 0.165).

Conclusion:
Our study shows that after administration of single dose of currently approved doses of ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg), there does not exist a significant virologic or clinical recovery in COVID-19 disease.
Spontaneous Resolution of Type 1 Macrocystic Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation
Authors: Kumar Shishir , Panda Shasanka Shekhar , Neogi Sujoy , Ratan Simmi K 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We present a case of 6-month-old boy who presented with respiratory distress due to empyema, which was initially managed by the intercostal drain. Computed tomography scan confirmed the diagnosis of type 1 congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM). Subsequently, there was the spontaneous resolution of empyema and CCAM prior to surgical intervention. Our case illustrates the postnatal spontaneous resolution of CCAM, which is rare.
Evaluation of Efficacy of Two Different Doses of Intravenous Lidocaine in Patients with Chronic Pain
Authors: Ghai Anju , Verma Bharti , Rohilla Kanika 
Published: May 2024

Background:
An intravenous infusion of lidocaine has been used on numerous occasions to produce analgesia in neuropathic pain. It has been shown to be beneficial for the treatment of variety of neuropathic pain states in a wide range of dosage, from 2 to 7.5 mg/kg. The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of two different doses of intravenous lidocaine (3 and 4 mg/kg) in patients with chronic pain.

Methods:
Patients above the age of 18 years suffering from chronic pain due to postherpetic neuralgia, post-surgical scar pain, chronic low back pain having numeric analogue scale (NAS) pain score of ≥3 without satisfactory pain relief from conservative treatment were randomised to receive either 3 mg/kg or 4 mg/kg intravenous lidocaine in 250 mL normal saline infusions weekly over a period of 1 hour for 3 weeks. NAS was measured before starting each infusion, immediately after completion of infusion, 2 and 24 hours, 7th day, 14th day, 21st day, and 28th day.

Results:
NAS score at first hour and 24th hour was significantly reduced (P = 0.001), after each infusion [7th, 14th day] in both the groups. There was no statistical difference in pain score among both groups except for day 7 (P value 0.04). Reduction in NAS score was also present on 21st and 28th day in both groups, but it did not reach a significant value. On 28th day, NAS score values showed increasing trend. Duration of pain relief was around 1 week after each infusion in both groups.

Conclusion:
Intravenous lidocaine at a dose of 3 mg/kg or 4 mg/kg was effective in reducing pain in patients with chronic pain. The analgesic effect was not different among both groups. Trend of greater response was observed with 4 mg/kg dose.
Stigma and its Associated Factors among People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) Attending ART Centre in a Tertiary Care Institute in Kolkata
Authors: Adhikari Kaushik , Dutt Debashis , Pal Dipak , Hazra Suprakas 
Published: May 2024

Background:
AIDS stigma exists in a variety of ways, including ostracism, rejection, discrimination, and avoidance of HIV-infected people. Some people are rejected by family and community, whereas others face poor treatment in healthcare and educational settings, erosion of their rights, and psychologic damage. All these limit access to HIV testing, treatment, and other HIV services.

Objectives:
This study was undertaken to determine the proportion of patients with severe stigma among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) and to identify the factors associated with it.

Materials and methods:
It was a cross-sectional study conducted among 444 PLHA, attending ART center of a tertiary care institute of Kolkata, chosen by systematic random sampling. Berger scale was used to classify stigma as no, mild, and severe stigma. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the risk factors.

Results:
About 32.7% of PLHA had experienced severe forms of stigma. These were severe forms of personalized stigma (33.8%), negative self-image (25.9%), perceived public attitude (27.5%), and disclosure concerns (30.0%). Overall severe stigma was higher in females (33.3%) than males (31.8%). After binary logistic regression, factors significantly associated with severe stigma included age [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.564 (1.071–2.285), sig: 0.021], socioeconomic status [AOR 0.748 (0.574–0.974), sig: 0.031], HIV status known to the partner [AOR 19.965 (3.3673–78.357), sig: <0.0001], presence of comorbidities [AOR 8.497 (3.541–20.389), sig: <0.0001], and possible mode of transmission not known by the patient [AOR 0.615 (0.380–0.993), sig: 0.047].

Conclusion:
Study found that those who were older, who were from lower socioeconomic group, whose partner knew their disease status, who were having comorbidities, and who do not know their mode of infection experienced a higher level of HIV-related stigma.
Effect of Traditional Raga Therapy on Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Level in Preoperative Patients Undergoing Cataract Surgeries
Authors: Achar Asha , Talwar Badrinath , Kumar Ashok , Addanki Purna Singh 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Psychologic behavior plays a key role in the outcome of any treatment or therapy. It was recommended to assess the psychologic status of the patient along with the clinical examination and also counsel him with adequate management therapies. Ragas have a high impact on mental well-being. Listening to ragas was reported to be highly effective in regulating the blood pressure and heart rate.

Methods:
The present study involved 30 (10 males and 20 females) preoperative patients who will be undergoing cataract surgery in 2 days and within the age group of 55 to 60 years from the ophthalmology department. The patients were subjected to listen to Raga Bhairavi for 30 minutes for 2 days.

Results:
There is a significant decrease in depression anxiety and stress levels followed by raga therapy.

Conclusion:
There is a significant decrease in depression anxiety and stress levels followed by raga therapy. There is a strong need for further studies with multiple centers and a higher sample size to recommend raga therapy in the management of mental health problems in the patients.
Diaphragmatic Hernia in Pregnancy – a Case Report
Authors: Tempe Anjali , Bali Vedika , Kumar Devender , Guguloth Chaithanya 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Maternal diaphragmatic hernias (DH) identified during pregnancy are rare and pose significant management challenges with respect to the timing of delivery, mode of delivery, and hernia repair.

Case presentation:
We describe a case of traumatic maternal DH, diagnosed at 31 weeks of gestation presenting with multiple episodes of vomiting. Owing to no evidence of visceral compromise and a stable maternal and fetal condition, the patient was conservatively managed allowing further fetal maturation and was delivered by cesarean section at 34 weeks. This was followed by laparoscopic intraperitoneal mesh hernial repair at 6 weeks postpartum. The patient had an uncomplicated recovery.

Conclusion:
Maternal DH in pregnancy require multidisciplinary care and individualized management for the optimal outcome for mother and fetus.
Iliopsoas bleeds in patients with hemophilia
Authors: Varadarajan Meera , Ramaiah Smitha 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Iliopsoas bleed is a serious complication in people with hemophilia (PWH), with significant morbidity. Studies examining the profile, incidence, and outcomes in psoas bleeds are scarce and will shed more light and increase awareness about its management.

Material and Methods:
Data of 453 PWH with confirmed iliopsoas bleed treated at Bangalore Medical College were retrospectively analyzed.

Results:
Eighty-five (18.8%) PWH presented with total of 154 psoas bleeds. Their mean age was 21.96 years. Common symptoms were thigh/hip/groin pain (100.0%), hip flexion spasm (41.2%), numbness/tingling in quadriceps muscle (5.9%), abdominal tenderness (3.5%), hematuria, and anemia requiring blood transfusion in 2.4% each. Long-term complications were quadriceps atrophy (9.4%), permanent abnormal posture (10.6%), transient paresthesia in the distribution of femoral nerve (3.5%), and pseudo tumor in pelvis (1.2%). The overall average duration of therapy with clotting factor concentrate was 1.7 days with a mean duration of therapy of 1.4 days in patients without inhibitors and 2.8 days in patients with inhibitors (p = 0.010). The overall mean duration of hospitalization was 7.2 days with 5.3 days in PWH without inhibitors and 8.3 days in PWH with inhibitors (p = 0.342).

Conclusion:
Pain in hip joint/groin/hip flexion spasm suggests the possibility of an iliopsoas hematoma and early factor replacement therapy should be started to prevent complications. Early treatment at first sign of discomfort reduces the duration of treatment, and prevents severe complication and invasive interventions. Patients with inhibitors were overrepresented in the cohort who needed longer duration of factor replacement therapy.
Seroprevalence of Sexually Transmitted Infections (Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis C Virus, Syphilis, and Hiv) in Pregnant Women and Evaluation of Sociodemographic Characteristics and Awareness Regarding Stis in North Indian Population
Authors: Bhatia Ruby , Mehta Girisha , Sidhu Sukhbir Pal Kaur , Arora Trisha , Raina Renuka 
Published: May 2024

Context:
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a problem of increasing concern among men and women. They can affect fertility, increase maternal and neonatal morbidity, and can become a burden on both physical and emotional health. Owing to lack of awareness and partly due to the social stigma attached, couples do not come forward for screening. Antenatal testing for STIs is an effective strategy recommended to detect STIs in this subset of the population.

Aims:
To estimate the seroprevalence of four STIs (hepatitis B, hepatitis C virus, HIV, and syphilis) in pregnant women, to evaluate its correlation with sociodemographic characteristics and sexual behavior, and to check awareness regarding STIs.

Settings and Design:
It was an observational study on 500 pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic at a tertiary care hospital in rural Haryana, India.

Methods and Material:
Pregnant women were screened for four STIs – hepatitis B, hepatitis C virus, HIV, and syphilis.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The sample size was calculated considering the mean reported seroprevalence of infections in pregnant women in previous studies. The power of the study was kept 80% and the alpha error was 0.05.

Results:
Seroprevalence for STIs in pregnancy was 5.2% – hepatitis C virus (2.6%), hepatitis B (2.4%), and syphilis (0.4%).

Conclusions:
Viral STIs are more prevalent among pregnant women. Antenatal screening is an effective strategy for the detection of STIs in pregnant women.
Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccine and Its Related Determinants Among the Residents of Western Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Panwar Aprajita , Tyagi P.K. , Bhargava Apoorva , Gupta Rakesh K. 
Published: May 2024

Background and Objectives:
Amidst multiple waves of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, numerous vaccines are being used worldwide to provide immunity against the coronavirus. Knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of the community toward COVID-19 vaccination could influence vaccine acceptance. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions toward COVID-19 vaccination and assess its determinants.

Material and Methods:
A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted as a structured 27-item questionnaire through Google Forms. Qualitative data were processed by categorizing responses for an item according to intended objectives, and data were coded numerically. The associations between variables were explored by using a modified Poisson regression to determine adjusted prevalence ratios and their 95% confidence intervals.

Results:
The vaccine acceptance rate among the respondents was 72% and was more among those involved in the health care sector. The participants feared vaccine-related side effects and were less willing to accept the vaccination. The participants who believed adults also require vaccination against diseases accepted the COVID-19 vaccine. We found that the subjects with comorbid conditions, urban areas, and those who had contacted COVID-19 infection or family members were more willing to get vaccinated (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
We concluded that a considerable majority (72%) of residents exhibit good vaccine acceptability. Health care providers, social media, and community influencers can design awareness campaigns to address perceived safety concerns and achieve a 100% acceptance rate in the community.
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Morbidity among Postmenopausal Women in a Rural Area in Kozhikode District
Authors: Shamin P. R. , Kannan S. Suthanthira 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
The focus of women's health researchers and health policy planners has also shifted toward postmenopausal women since recent trends suggest an increase in their number and life expectancy. In general, women have more complex and stressful aging process as men do, as a consequence of hormonal changes that occur during menopausal transition.

Objectives:
The objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence of postmenopausal symptoms among women in a rural area of Kozhikode and study factors associated with it.

Material and Methodology:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among postmenopausal women aged 40–55 years in Nanminda panchayat, a rural area in Kozhikode district. This 1-year study was conducted from June 2015 to June 2016, had 245 participants with informed consent. There are 17 wards (17 clusters) in Nanminda panchayat area from which 6 wards were selected. The prevalence of postmenopausal symptoms and associated factors such as sociodemographic profile, morbidity details, diet supplements, anthropometric, clinical, and reproductive components was assessed using the pretested semistructured questionnaire.

Results:
A total of 245 postmenopausal women were studied. The prevalence of postmenopausal symptoms was found to be 64%. The mean age of the study population was 50.87 years. Age, education, marital status, menopausal age, and duration of menopause were found to be significantly associated with the presence of postmenopausal symptoms. Intake of Calcium supplements was found to be having protective effect against menopausal symptoms. Binary logistic regression revealed that age, educational status, marital status, and dietary intake of calcium supplements are significantly associated with postmenopausal symptoms.

Conclusion:
Women with early age of menopause and less duration since menopause had more risk of having postmenopausal symptoms. The prevalence of symptoms was found to be less if calcium supplements were taken.
Effect of anxiety, stress, and depression on hypertension and diabetes during COVID-19 lockdown period in Faridabad
Authors: Arora Utkarsh , Chaudhary Chetana , Babu G. Krishna , Kona J S Surya Prabha , Babji K. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic with a high contagion potential poses a pathological threat to the community but has a larger psychological impact, elemental in the aggravation of blood pressure and blood glucose levels. The aim of this study is to examine and interpret the effect on individuals, with or without preexisting diabetes and hypertension, of depression, anxiety, and stress and to assess the factors associated with exacerbation of blood pressure and blood glucose levels.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional observational study was carried out through a snowball sampling method in Faridabad. A predesigned and pretested questionnaire was circulated on Google Forms. A total of 1002 responses accorded with our inclusion criteria and were involved in the final analysis.

Results:
In the general population, 20.7%, 42.4%, and 39.4% of individuals experienced moderate-to-severe stress, anxiety, and depression, respectively. The prevalence of stress (22.6%) and anxiety (52.9%) was higher in people with preexisting hypertension and diabetes as compared to people without these preexisting comorbidities. Participants with severe depression and severe anxiety had blood sugar level aggravation 5.55 times and 10.10 times more than the ones with lower depression and lower anxiety. Individuals with severe anxiety experienced exacerbation of blood pressure levels 7.35 times more than individuals with lower anxiety.

Conclusion:
Individuals experienced high mental distress during the lockdown period, especially the ones with preexisting health conditions, who displayed a higher incidence of depression, anxiety, and stress. The results further point toward a bidirectional relationship between hypertension and diabetes with mental health as people with preexisting health conditions experienced greater psychological stress than others.
Prevalence of depression, anxiety, stress, and substance use among medical undergraduates
Authors: Chauhan Pooja , Katkuri Sushma 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Prevalence of anxiety and depression indicates the mental health status of the community. Prevalence of stress among the medical students varies from 12% to 73%. They affect their curriculum. Substance use affects their health and academics. It has been estimated by the World Health Organization that there are about 2 billion people who use alcohol, 1.3 billion people who smoke, and 185 million people who use the drugs.

Objective:
The objective is to study the prevalence of depression, anxiety, stress, and substance use among medical undergraduates.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional survey was conducted among 243 medical and students of a medical college, during the period of November to December 2015. The students were contacted keeping the privacy, and the data were collected in the prescribed study questionnaire. The name, batch, or registration number was not enquired to maintain the confidentiality.

Results:
The prevalence of depression was 39.1%; mild = 15.2%; extremely severe = 0.8%; moderate = 18.5%. The prevalence of anxiety was 48.5%; mild = 11.5%; extremely severe = 8.6%; moderate = 14.8%. The prevalence of stress was 34.6%; mild = 18.9%; extremely severe = 0.8%. 97 students expressed their inability to concentrate during classes. 15.2% were involved in violence while 14% had thoughts of self-harm/suicide. 54.2% preferred parents as their primary support approach for mental support. 23.5% told the reason for not approaching mentors as they were not accessible. The prevalence of smoking was 5.7%; that of alcohol was 5.7%; and that of tobacco chewing was 3.3%. 12.2% had father as their role model for substance use and 3.6% initiated it out of curiosity.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress as well as substance use was high in these medical and students. Consequences of mental health issues are lethal. Father was the most common role model for substance use among these students.
Prevalence and severity of anemia among children and adolescent individuals of the age group of 0–18 years old
Authors: Anisetti Bhrugun , Komuravelli Myna 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Since anemia is the most prevalent disorder in India, it got the significance to be studied and understood about. It is necessary to make people aware of the causes in certain age groups and genders, the preventive measures, and the importance of nutritional supplements, proper diet required to prevent anemia.

Objective:
The objective of this study is to study the prevalence and severity of anemia among children and adolescent individuals of the age group of 0–18 year old.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted from October 2020 to March 2021 (6 months) using the data of 267 children and adolescent individuals (0–18 years old) visiting the laboratory for complete blood count (CBC) investigation in the Hematology Department of Chalmeda Anand Rao Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, Telangana, India. The type and severity of anemia were assessed based on red cell indices and hemoglobin (HGB) levels, respectively.

Results:
Most common red blood cell (RBC) morphology was microcytic hypochromic (109) and least being macrocytic morphology. The average age was the highest for microcytic hypochromic. Average HGB was the highest in normocytic normochromic (9.68 g%). Majority were in the age group of 10–18 years. There were 126 male participants and 141 female participants. Average Hb in males was around 8.49 g%; common RBC morphology was microcytic hypochromic. Out of the 267 participants, 37 were nonanemic, 70 mild, 50 moderate, 55 severe, and 55 life-threatening anemias. Moreover, the average ages being 9.31, 8.78, 9.51, 10.67, and 13.6 years, respectively.

Conclusion:
The female predominance of anemia between the ages of 10–18 could be attributed to initiation of menstrual cycles and microcytic hypochromic smears could be related to chronic iron deficient diet.