bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE FAR-ULTRAVIOLET “CONTINUUM” IN PROTOPLANETARY DISK SYSTEMS. II. CARBON MONOXIDE FOURTH POSITIVE EMISSION AND ABSORPTION*
Authors: France Kevin , Schindhelm Rebecca N. , Burgh Eric B. , Herczeg Gregory J. , Harper Graham M. , Brown Alexander , Green James C. , Linsky Jeffrey L. , Yang Hao , Abgrall Hervé , Ardila David R. , Bergin Edwin , Bethell Thomas , Brown Joanna M. , Calvet Nuria , Espaillat Catherine , Gregory Scott G. , Hillenbrand Lynne A. , Hussain Gaitee , Ingleby Laura , Johns-Krull Christopher M. , Roueff Evelyne , Valenti Jeff A. , Walter Frederick M. 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACT
We exploit the high sensitivity and moderate spectral resolution of the Hubble Space Telescope Cosmic Origins Spectrograph to detect far-ultraviolet (UV) spectral features of carbon monoxide (CO) present in the inner regions of protoplanetary disks for the first time. We present spectra of the classical T Tauri stars HN Tau, RECX-11, and V4046 Sgr, representative of a range of CO radiative processes. HN Tau shows CO bands in absorption against the accretion continuum. The CO absorption most likely arises in warm inner disk gas. We measure a CO column density and rotational excitation temperature of N(CO) = (2 ± 1) × 1017 cm−2 and T
rot(CO) 500 ± 200 K for the absorbing gas. We also detect CO A–X band emission in RECX-11 and V4046 Sgr, excited by UV line photons, predominantly H i Lyα. All three objects show emission from CO bands at λ > 1560 Å, which may be excited by a combination of UV photons and collisions with non-thermal electrons. In previous observations these emission processes were not accounted for due to blending with emission from the accretion shock, collisionally excited H2, and photo-excited H2, all of which appeared as a “continuum” whose components could not be separated. The CO emission spectrum is strongly dependent upon the shape of the incident stellar Lyα emission profile. We find CO parameters in the range: N(CO) ∼ 1018–1019 cm−2, T
rot(CO) ≳ 300 K for the Lyα-pumped emission. We combine these results with recent work on photo-excited and collisionally excited H2 emission, concluding that the observations of UV-emitting CO and H2 are consistent with a common spatial origin. We suggest that the CO/H2 ratio (≡ N(CO)/N(H2)) in the inner disk is ∼1, a transition between the much lower interstellar value and the higher value observed in solar system comets today, a result that will require future observational and theoretical study to confirm.
Squeeze effect and coherent coupling behaviour in photonic crystal vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers
Authors: Liu An-Jin , Chen Wei , Zhou Wen-Jun , Jiang Bin , Fu Feiya , Qu Hong-Wei , Zheng Wan-Hua 
Published: May 2011

The caption of figure 11 should be changed from:Figure 11.Spectrum of device B at currents of (a) 0 mA and (b) 30 mA. The inset in (b) is the magnified spectrum.to:Figure 11.(a) Spectrum measured from figure 10(b) for device B. (b) Spectrum of light emitting out from the central defect of device B at 30 mA. The inset is the magnified spectrum.
Empirical likelihood for small area estimation
Authors: Chaudhuri Sanjay , Ghosh Malay 
Published: May 2011

AbstractCurrent methodologies in small area estimation are mostly either parametric or heavily dependent on the assumed linearity of the estimators of the small area means. We discuss an alternative empirical likelihood-based Bayesian approach, which neither requires a parametric likelihood nor assumes linearity of the estimators, and can handle both discrete and continuous data in a unified manner. Empirical likelihoods for both area- and unit-level models are introduced. We discuss the suitability of the proposed likelihoods in Bayesian inference and illustrate their performances on a real dataset and a simulation study.
Incidental CD8 T cell reactivity against caspase-cleaved apoptotic self-antigens from ubiquitously expressed proteins in islets from prediabetic human leucocyte antigen-A2 transgenic non-obese diabetic mice
Authors: Coppieters K T , Amirian N , von Herrath M G 
Published: May 2011

Summary
Apoptosis is known as a major mechanism which contributes to beta cell decay in type 1 diabetes. Commitment to this pathway generally involves caspase-mediated protein cleavage and was found to induce cross-presentation of a specific antigen repertoire under certain inflammatory conditions. We aimed to assess the significance of the CD8 T cell population reactive against such caspase-cleaved apoptotic self-antigens in pancreatic islets of prediabetic human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-A2 transgenic non-obese diabetic chimeric monochain transgene construct (NOD.HHD) mice. We have reproduced a unique peptide library consisting of human CD8 T cell-derived apoptosis-specific antigens, all of which belong to structural proteins expressed ubiquitously in human islets. Pancreatic islets from prediabetic NOD.HHD mice, harbouring humanized major histocompatibilty complex (MHC) class I, were isolated and handpicked at various ages, and islet-infiltrating CD8 T cells were expanded in vitro and used as responders in an interferon (IFN)-γ enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay. Human T2 cells were used as antigen-presenting cells (APC) to avoid endogenous antigen presentation. Analogous to the interindividual variability found with peptides from known islet autoantigens such as islet-specific glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit related protein (IGRP) and insulin, some mice showed variable, low-degree CD8 T cell reactivity against caspase-cleaved self-antigens. Because reactivity was predominantly minor and often undetectable, we conclude that beta cell apoptosis does not routinely provoke the development of dominant cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) reactive against caspase-cleaved self-antigens in the NOD.HHD model.
The biological hallmarks of ileal carcinoids
Authors: Cunningham Janet L. , Janson Eva T. 
Published: May 2011

Eur J Clin Invest 2011; 41 (12): 1353–1360AbstractEndocrine tumours derived from the small intestine, ileal carcinoids, produce and secrete the hormones tachykinins and serotonin, which induces the specific symptoms related to the tumour. Because of their low proliferation rate, they are often discovered at late stages when metastases have occurred. The biology that characterizes these tumours differs in many ways from what is generally recognized for other malignancies. In this overview, the current knowledge on the development and progression of ileal carcinoids is described.
αvβ3 Integrin may Participate in Conceptus Attachment by Regulating Morphologic Changes in the Endometrium during Peri‐implantation in Ovine
Authors: Wan P‐C , Bao Z‐J , Wu Y , Yang L , Hao Z‐D , Yang Y‐L , Shi G‐Q , Liu Y , Zeng S‐M 
Published: May 2011

ContentsThe objective of this study was to determine expression and potential functions of αv and β3 integrin subunits in ovine endometrium during the peri‐implantation period (days 8–17 after fertilization). The morphologic changes in the endometrium were observed histochemically following haematoxylin/eosin (HE) staining, whereas the expressions of αv and β3 integrin subunits were analysed by RT‐PCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blot. The filamentous conceptus attached to the luminal epithelium (LE) on day 17 of pregnancy, with no differences in endometrial morphology between days 8–12 of pregnancy. However, endometrial glands in the endometrial stroma (S) underwent extensive hyperplasia from day 14 to day 17, increased reductus of the LE with an obvious proliferation of caruncles, and an increased number and diameter of blood vessels (V) in the endometrium. The relative expression levels of αv and β3 integrin subunits mRNA gradually increased until day 16, but sharply declined on day 17. Western blot analysis revealed that the expression pattern of αv and β3 integrin subunit proteins paralleled that of the corresponding mRNA. In addition, immunohistochemical localization of αv and β3 integrin subunits confirmed their presence in the glandular epithelium (GE), LE and endometrial stroma. Immunostaining on LE and stroma varied with the increasing days of pregnancy, with the strongest immunostaining on days 16 and 17. In conclusion, expression of αV and β3 integrin subunits was closely related to the early progression of pregnancy and conceptus attachment; therefore, we inferred that αvβ3 integrin may participate in conceptus attachment by the regulation of endometrial morphology during peri‐implantation in ovine.
The pGRT1 plasmid of Pseudomonas putida DOT‐T1E encodes functions relevant for survival under harsh conditions in the environment
Authors: Molina Lázaro , Duque Estrella , Gómez Manuel J. , Krell Tino , Lacal Jesus , García‐Puente Alicia , García Vanina , Matilla Miguel A. , Ramos Juan‐Luis , Segura Ana 
Published: May 2011

SummaryPseudomonas putida DOT‐T1E has the capacity to grow in the presence of high concentrations of toluene. This ability is mainly conferred by an efflux pump encoded in a self‐transmissible 133 kb plasmid named pGRT1. Sequence analysis of the pGRT1 plasmid revealed several key features. Most of the genes related to the plasmid maintenance functions show similarity with those encoded on pBVIE04 from Burkholderia vietnamensis G4, and knock‐out mutants in several of these genes confirmed their roles. Two additional plasmid DNA fragments were incorporated into the plasmid backbone by recombination and/or transposition; in these DNA regions, apart from multiple recombinases and transposases, several stress‐related and environmentally relevant functions are encoded. We report that plasmid pGRT1 not only confers the cells with tolerance to toluene but also resistance to ultraviolet light. We show here the implication of a new protein in solvent tolerance which controls the level of expression of the TtgGHI efflux pump, as well as the implication of a protein with homology to the universal stress protein in solvent tolerance and ultraviolet light resistance. Furthermore, this plasmid encodes functions that allow the cells to chemotactically respond to toluene and participate in iron scavenging.
Trophic interactions between viruses, bacteria and nanoflagellates under various nutrient conditions and simulated climate change
Authors: Bouvy M. , Bettarel Y. , Bouvier C. , Domaizon I. , Jacquet S. , Le Floc'h E. , Montanié H. , Mostajir B. , Sime‐Ngando T. , Torréton J. P. , Vidussi F. , Bouvier T. 
Published: May 2011

SummaryPopulation dynamics in the microbial food web are influenced by resource availability and predator/parasitism activities. Climatic changes, such as an increase in temperature and/or UV radiation, can also modify ecological systems in many ways. A series of enclosure experiments was conducted using natural microbial communities from a Mediterranean lagoon to assess the response of microbial communities to top‐down control [grazing by heterotrophic nanoflagellates (HNF), viral lysis] and bottom‐up control (nutrients) under various simulated climatic conditions (temperature and UV‐B radiations). Different biological assemblages were obtained by separating bacteria and viruses from HNF by size fractionation which were then incubated in whirl‐Pak bags exposed to an increase of 3°C and 20% UV‐B above the control conditions for 96 h. The assemblages were also provided with an inorganic and organic nutrient supply. The data show (i) a clear nutrient limitation of bacterial growth under all simulated climatic conditions in the absence of HNF, (ii) a great impact of HNF grazing on bacteria irrespective of the nutrient conditions and the simulated climatic conditions, (iii) a significant decrease in burst size (BS) (number of intracellular lytic viruses per bacterium) and a significant increase of VBR (virus to bacterium ratio) in the presence of HNF, and (iv) a much larger temperature effect than UV‐B radiation effect on the bacterial dynamics. These results show that top‐down factors, essentially HNF grazing, control the dynamics of the lagoon bacterioplankton assemblage and that short‐term simulated climate changes are only a secondary effect controlling microbial processes.
Methanogenesis in the sediments of Rio Tinto, an extreme acidic river
Authors: Sanz José L. , Rodríguez Nuria , Díaz Emiliano E. , Amils Ricardo 
Published: May 2011

SummaryRío Tinto (Iberian Pyritic Belt, SW Spain) is well known for its low pH (mean pH 2.3), high redox potential (> +400 mV) and high concentration of heavy metals. In this work we describe and analyse the presence of methanogenic archaea in the extreme acidic and oxidizing environment of the Tinto basin. Methane formation was measured in microcosms inoculated with sediments from the Rio Tinto basin. Methanol, formate, volatile fatty acids and lactate stimulated the production of methane. Methane formation was associated with a decrease of redox potential and an increase in pH. Cores showed characteristic well‐defined black bands in which a high acetate concentration was measured among the otherwise reddish‐brown sediments with low acetate concentration. Methanosaeta concilii was detected in the black bands. In enrichment cultures, M. concilii (enriched with a complex substrate mixture), Methanobacterium bryantii (enriched with H2) and Methanosarcina barkeri (enriched with methanol) were identified. Our results suggest that methanogens thrive in micro‐niches with mildly acidic and reducing conditions within Rio Tinto sediments, which are, in contrast, immersed in an otherwise extremely acidic and oxidizing environment.
Isolation of obligately alkaliphilic magnetotactic bacteria from extremely alkaline environments
Authors: Lefèvre Christopher T. , Frankel Richard B. , Pósfai Mihály , Prozorov Tanya , Bazylinski Dennis A. 
Published: May 2011

SummaryLarge numbers of magnetotactic bacteria were discovered in mud and water samples collected from a number of highly alkaline aquatic environments with pH values of ∼ 9.5. These bacteria were helical in morphology and biomineralized chains of bullet‐shaped crystals of magnetite and were present in all the highly alkaline sites sampled. Three strains from different sites were isolated and cultured and grew optimally at pH 9.0–9.5 but not at 8.0 and below, demonstrating that these organisms truly require highly alkaline conditions and are not simply surviving/growing in neutral pH micro‐niches in their natural habitats. All strains grew anaerobically through the reduction of sulfate as a terminal electron acceptor and phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, as well as some physiological features, showed that they could represent strains ofDesulfonatronum thiodismutans, a known alkaliphilic bacterium that does not biomineralize magnetosomes. Our results show that some magnetotactic bacteria can be considered extremophilic and greatly extend the known ecology of magnetotactic bacteria and the conditions under which they can biomineralize magnetite. Moreover, our results show that this type of magnetotactic bacterium is common in highly alkaline environments. Our findings also greatly influence the interpretation of the presence of nanometer‐sized magnetite crystals, so‐called magnetofossils, in highly alkaline environments.
Prehospital experiences of older men with a first myocardial infarction: a qualitative analysis within the Northern Sweden MONICA Study
Authors: Isaksson Rose‐Marie , Brulin Christine , Eliasson Mats , Näslund Ulf , Zingmark Karin 
Published: May 2011

Scand J Caring Sci; 2011; 25; 787–797

Prehospital experiences of older men with a first myocardial infarction: a qualitative analysis within the Northern Sweden MONICA StudyAim:  To explore older men’s prehospital experiences of their first myocardial infarction (MI).Background:  The delay between the onset of symptoms to the initiation of medical care is a major determinant of prognosis in MI. The majority of people experiencing MI are men. But few studies have been conducted solely on men’s experiences before seeking medical care for MI. The objective of this study was to explore older men’s experiences of symptoms and their reasoning during the prehospital phase of their first MI.Method:  Data collection was carried out through individual interviews with 20 men representing the age range 65–80 (mean 71) years. The participants were interviewed 3 days after admission for a confirmed first MI. The interviews were designed to prompt the men to describe their symptoms and their reasoning up to the decision to seek care. A qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the interviews.Findings:  The prehospital phase in older men was found to be a complex and extended journey. The symptoms were perceived from diffuse ill‐being to a cluster of alarming symptoms. The participants dealt with conceptions about MI symptoms. They were unsure about the cause of their symptoms, which did not correspond to their expectations about an MI, and whether they should seek medical care. They had difficulty making the final decision to seek care and strived to maintain a normal life. They initially tried to understand, reduce or treat the symptoms by themselves. The decision to seek medical care preceded a movement from uncertainty to conviction.Conclusions:  Understanding older men’s prehospital experiences of MI is essential to reduce their patient decision times. This requires knowledge about the complexity and dynamic evolvement of symptoms, beliefs and strategies to maintain an ordinary life.
Living with haemodialysis when nearing end of life
Authors: Axelsson Lena , Randers Ingrid , Jacobson Stefan H. , Klang Birgitta 
Published: May 2011

Scand J Caring Sci; 2012; 26; 45–52

Living with haemodialysis when nearing end of lifeAims and objectives:  The aim of this study was to describe and to elucidate the meanings of being severely ill living with haemodialysis when nearing end of life.Introduction:  To have end stage renal disease and to be treated with maintenance haemodialysis implies being dependent on lifelong treatment. Several studies have reported that these patients suffer a high symptom burden and an impaired quality of life due to both disease and treatment. In the dialysis unit, where the focus is on handling technology and maintaining life, end of life care may be neglected or overlooked. Nevertheless, mortality rates show that about one‐fourth of patients in haemodialysis care are in their last year of life.Design:  A qualitative interpretative design was used.Methods:  Serial qualitative interviews over a period of 12 months were conducted with eight patients (aged 66–87). Altogether text of 31 interviews was interpreted using a phenomenological hermeneutical method in three phases. The study is ethically approved.Findings:  The structural analysis resulted in 11 subthemes and thereafter the following three themes were formulated; being subordinate to the deteriorating body, changing outlook on life and striving for upheld dignity. The comprehensive interpretation revealed that being severely ill living with haemodialysis near the end of life means living with suffering simultaneously with reconciliation and well‐being. Further, the meanings are understood as intertwined with being old.Conclusions:  Findings contribute to an increased awareness of the complexities of these patients’ life worlds and their meanings, and thus of the importance to listen to their experiences and their understandings. Findings suggest that to integrate the philosophy of palliative care in haemodialysis units may improve care for patients who are living with haemodialysis and approaching the end of their lives.
Identification of telocytes in skeletal muscle interstitium: implication for muscle regeneration
Authors: Popescu L. M. , Manole Emilia , Şerboiu Crenguţa S. , Manole C. G. , Suciu Laura C. , Gherghiceanu Mihaela , Popescu B. O. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractSkeletal muscle interstitium is crucial for regulation of blood flow, passage of substances from capillaries to myocytes and muscle regeneration. We show here, probably, for the first time, the presence of telocytes (TCs), a peculiar type of interstitial (stromal) cells, in rat, mouse and human skeletal muscle. TC features include (as already described in other tissues) a small cell body and very long and thin cell prolongations—telopodes (Tps) with moniliform appearance, dichotomous branching and 3D‐network distribution. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed close vicinity of Tps with nerve endings, capillaries, satellite cells and myocytes, suggesting a TC role in intercellular signalling (via shed vesicles or exosomes). In situ immunolabelling showed that skeletal muscle TCs express c‐kit, caveolin‐1 and secrete VEGF. The same phenotypic profile was demonstrated in cell cultures. These markers and TEM data differentiate TCs from both satellite cells (e.g. TCs are Pax7 negative) and fibroblasts (which are c‐kit negative). We also described non‐satellite (resident) progenitor cell niche. In culture, TCs (but not satellite cells) emerge from muscle explants and form networks suggesting a key role in muscle regeneration and repair, at least after trauma.
The linear excisional wound: an improved model for human ex vivo wound epithelialization studies
Authors: Rizzo Amilcar Ezequiel , Beckett Laurel A. , Baier Brian S. , Isseroff R. Rivkah 
Published: May 2011

Background/purpose: Wound healing is a complex process that involves multiple intercellular and intracellular processes and extracellular interactions. Explanted human skin has been used as a model for the re‐epithelialization phase of human wound healing. The currently used standard technique uses a circular punch biopsy tool to make the initial wound. Despite its wide use, the geometry of round wounds makes it difficult to measure them reliably.
Methods: Our group has designed a linear wounding tool, and compared the variability in ex vivo human linear and circular wounds.
Results: An F test for differences in variances demonstrated that the linear wounds provided a population of wound size measurements that was 50% less variable than that obtained from a group of matched circular wounds. This reduction in variability would provide substantial advantages for the linear wound technique over the circular wound punch technique, by reducing the sample sizes required for comparative studies of factors that alter healing.
Conclusion: This linear wounding tool thus provides a method for wounding that is standardized, provides minimal error in wound gap measurements, and is easily reproducible. We demonstrate its utility in an ex vivo model for the controlled investigation of human skin wounds.
Thermography as a predictor of postherpetic neuralgia in acute herpes zoster patients: a preliminary study
Authors: Park Juhee , Jang Woo Sun , Park Kui Young , Li Kapsok , Seo Seong Jun , Hong Chang Kwun , Lee Jong Beum 
Published: May 2011

Background/purpose: Infrared thermal images in patients suffering from herpes zoster (HZ) may exhibit thermal asymmetry due to the unilateral distribution of HZ lesions. This study examined the usefulness of infrared thermography in acute HZ as a predictor for the development of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN).
Methods: The authors collected demographic and clinical data including age, sex, onset of skin lesion, pain intensity by a visual analogue scale (VAS) and the development of PHN from a total of 55 patients diagnosed with HZ. We evaluated the body surface thermographic parameters between the lesion and contralateral normal skin: maximal difference in the temperature (ΔT) and the size of the body surface area (BSA) showing thermal asymmetry.
Results: Temperatures of the lesions were found to be warmer than the control side in most patients with acute HZ. We compared the patient group who developed PHN with those who did not. In univariate analysis, patients with PHN were older (P=0.004), had a higher VAS score for pain (P<0.001), higher ΔT (P<0.001) and larger BSA (P=0.001). In logistic regression analysis to identify independent risk factors of PHN, older age (>60 years old) and ΔT more than 0.5 °C were found to be statistically significant.