bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Common and Uncommon Mouse Models of Growth Hormone Deficiency
Authors: List Edward O , Basu Reetobrata , Berryman Darlene E , Duran-Ortiz Silvana , Martos-Moreno Gabriel Á , Kopchick John J 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Mouse models of growth hormone deficiency (GHD) have provided important tools for uncovering the various actions of GH. Nearly 100 years of research using these mouse lines has greatly enhanced our knowledge of the GH/IGF-1 axis. Some of the shared phenotypes of the 5 “common” mouse models of GHD include reduced body size, delayed sexual maturation, decreased fertility, reduced muscle mass, increased adiposity, and enhanced insulin sensitivity. Since these common mouse lines outlive their normal-sized littermates—and have protection from age-associated disease—they have become important fixtures in the aging field. On the other hand, the 12 “uncommon” mouse models of GHD described herein have tremendously divergent health outcomes ranging from beneficial aging phenotypes (similar to those described for the common models) to extremely detrimental features (such as improper development of the central nervous system, numerous sensory organ defects, and embryonic lethality). Moreover, advancements in next-generation sequencing technologies have led to the identification of an expanding array of genes that are recognized as causative agents to numerous rare syndromes with concomitant GHD. Accordingly, this review provides researchers with a comprehensive up-to-date collection of the common and uncommon mouse models of GHD that have been used to study various aspects of physiology and metabolism associated with multiple forms of GHD. For each mouse line presented, the closest comparable human syndromes are discussed providing important parallels to the clinic.
Dysregulated Urinary Extracellular Vesicle Small RNAs in Diabetic Nephropathy: Implications for Diagnosis and Therapy
Authors: Ali Hamad , Malik Md Zubbair , Abu-Farha Mohamed , Abubaker Jehad , Cherian Preethi , Al-Khairi Irina , Nizam Rasheeba , Jacob Sindhu , Bahbahani Yousif , Al Attar Abdulnabi , Thanaraj Thangavel Alphonse , Al-Mulla Fahd 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundDiabetic nephropathy (DN) represents a major chronic kidney disorder and a leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Small RNAs have been showing great promise as diagnostic markers as well as drug targets. Identifying dysregulated micro RNAs (miRNAs) could help in identifying disease biomarkers and investigation of downstream interactions, shedding light on the molecular pathophysiology of DN. In this study, we analyzed small RNAs within human urinary extracellular vesicles (ECVs) from DN patients using small RNA next-generation sequencing.MethodIn this cross-sectional study, urine samples were collected from 88 participants who were divided into 3 groups: type 2 diabetes (T2D) with DN (T2D + DN, n = 20), T2D without DN (T2D − DN, n = 40), and healthy individuals (n = 28). The study focused on isolating urinary ECVs to extract and sequence small RNAs. Differentially expressed small RNAs were identified, and a functional enrichment analysis was conducted.ResultsThe study revealed a distinct subset of 13 miRNAs and 10 Piwi-interacting RNAs that were significantly dysregulated in urinary ECVs of the DN group when compared to other groups. Notably, miR-151a-3p and miR-182-5p exhibited a unique expression pattern, being downregulated in the T2D − DN group, and upregulated in the T2D + DN group, thus demonstrating their effectiveness in distinguishing patients between the 2 groups. Eight driver genes were identified PTEN, SMAD2, SMAD4, VEGFA, CCND2, CDK6, LIN28B, and CHD1.ConclusionOur findings contribute valuable insights into the pathogenesis of DN, uncovering novel biomarkers and identifying potential therapeutic targets that may aid in managing and potentially decelerating the progression of the disease.
BirthSeq, a new method to isolate and analyze dated cells in different vertebrates
Authors: Rueda-Alaña Eneritz , Grillo Marco , Vázquez Enrique , Salas Sergio Marco , Senovilla-Ganzo Rodrigo , Escobar Laura , Quintas Ana , Benguría Alberto , Aransay Ana María , Bengoa-Vergniory Nora , Dopazo Ana , Encinas Juan Manuel , Nilsson Mats , García-Moreno Fernando 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Embryonic development is a complex and dynamic process that unfolds over time and involves the production and diversification of increasing numbers of cells. The impact of developmental time on the formation of the central nervous system is well documented, with evidence showing that time plays a crucial role in establishing the identity of neuronal subtypes. However, the study of how time translates into genetic instructions driving cell fate is limited by the scarcity of suitable experimental tools. We introduce BirthSeq, a new method for isolating and analyzing cells based on their birth date. This innovative technique allows for in vivo labeling of cells, isolation via fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and analysis using high-throughput techniques. We calibrated the BirthSeq method for developmental organs across three vertebrate species (mouse, chick and gecko), and utilized it for single-cell RNA sequencing and novel spatially resolved transcriptomic approaches in mouse and chick, respectively. Overall, BirthSeq provides a versatile tool for studying virtually any tissue in different vertebrate organisms, aiding developmental biology research by targeting cells and their temporal cues.
Quantitative proteomics reveals insights into the assembly of IFT trains and ciliary assembly
Authors: Shao Shangjin , Chen Yuling , Deng Haiteng , Pan Junmin 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Intraflagellar transport (IFT) is required for ciliary assembly. The IFT machinery comprises the IFT motors kinesin-2 and IFT dynein plus IFT-A and IFT-B complexes, which assemble into IFT trains in cilia. To gain mechanistic understanding of IFT and ciliary assembly, here, we performed an absolute quantification of IFT machinery in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cilium. There are ∼756, ∼532, ∼276 and ∼350 molecules of IFT-B, IFT-A, IFT dynein and kinesin-2, respectively, per cilium. The amount of IFT-B is sufficient to sustain rapid ciliary growth in terms of tubulin delivery. The stoichiometric ratio of IFT-B:IFT-A:dynein is ∼3:2:1 whereas the IFT-B:IFT-A ratio in an IFT dynein mutant is 2:1, suggesting that there is a plastic interaction between IFT-A and IFT-B that can be influenced by IFT dynein. Considering diffusion of kinesin-2 during retrograde IFT, it is estimated that one kinesin-2 molecule drives eight molecules of IFT-B during anterograde IFT. These data provide new insights into the assembly of IFT trains and ciliary assembly.
Frailty Increases Morbidity and Mortality in Patients Undergoing Oncological Liver Resections: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Lunca Sorinel , Morarasu Stefan , Rouet Kevin , Ivanov Andreea Antonina , Morarasu Bianca Codrina , Roata Cristian Ene , Clancy Cillian , Dimofte Gabriel-Mihail 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Considered to reflect a patients’ biological age, frailty is a new syndrome shown to predict surgical outcomes in elderly patients. In view of the increasing age at which patients are proposed oncological liver surgery and the morbidity associated with it, we attempted to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare morbidity and mortality between frail and nonfrail patients after liver resections.

Methods
The study was registered with PROSPERO. A systematic search of PubMed and EMBASE databases was performed for all comparative studies examining surgical outcomes after liver resections between frail and nonfrail patients.

Results
Ten studies were included based on the selection criteria with a total of 71,102 patients, split into two groups: frail (n = 17,167) and the control group (n = 53,928). There were more elderly patients with a lower preoperative albumin level in the frail group (p = 0.02, p = 0.001). Frail patients showed higher rates of morbidity with more major complications and a higher incidence of postoperative liver failure (p < 0.001). Mortality (p < 0.001) and readmission rate (p = 0.021) also was higher in frail patients.

Conclusions
Frailty seems to be a solid predictive risk factor of morbidity and mortality after liver surgery and should be considered a selection criterion for liver surgery in at-risk patients.
Hamstrings Hypertrophy Is Specific to the Training Exercise: Nordic Hamstring versus Lengthened State Eccentric Training
Authors: MAEO SUMIAKI , BALSHAW THOMAS G. , NIN DARREN Z. , MC DERMOTT EMMET J. , OSBORNE THOMAS , COOPER NAOMI B. , MASSEY GARRY J. , KONG PUI W. , PAIN MATTHEW T. G. , FOLLAND JONATHAN P. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The hamstring muscles play a crucial role in sprint running but are also highly susceptible to strain injuries, particularly within the biceps femoris long head (BFlh). This study compared the adaptations in muscle size and strength of the knee flexors, as well as BFlh muscle and aponeurosis size, after two eccentrically focused knee flexion training regimes: Nordic hamstring training (NHT) vs lengthened state eccentric training (LSET, isoinertial weight stack resistance in an accentuated hip-flexed position) vs habitual activity (no training controls: CON).

Methods
Forty-two healthy young males completed 34 sessions of NHT or LSET over 12 wk or served as CON (n = 14/group). Magnetic resonance imaging-measured muscle volume of seven individual knee flexors and BFlh aponeurosis area, and maximum knee flexion torque during eccentric, concentric, and isometric contractions were assessed pre- and post-training.

Results
LSET induced greater increases in hamstrings (+18% vs +11%) and BFlh (+19% vs +5%) muscle volumes and BFlh aponeurosis area (+9% vs +3%) than NHT (all P ≤ 0.001), with no changes after CON. There were distinctly different patterns of hypertrophy between the two training regimes, largely due to the functional role of the muscles; LSET was more effective for increasing the size of knee flexors that also extend the hip (2.2-fold vs NHT), whereas NHT increased the size of knee flexors that do not extend the hip (1.9-fold vs LSET; both P ≤ 0.001). Changes in maximum eccentric torque differed only between LSET and CON (+17% vs +4%; P = 0.009), with NHT (+11%) inbetween.

Conclusions
These results suggest that LSET is superior to NHT in inducing overall hamstrings and BFlh hypertrophy, potentially contributing to better sprint performance improvements and protection against hamstring strain injuries than NHT.
A Sampling Strategy for High-Dimensional, Simulation-Based Transportation Optimization Problems
Authors: Tay Timothy , Osorio Carolina 
Published: June 2024

When tackling high-dimensional, continuous simulation-based optimization (SO) problems, it is important to balance exploration and exploitation. Most past SO research focuses on the enhancement of exploitation techniques. The exploration technique of an SO algorithm is often defined as a general-purpose sampling distribution, such as the uniform distribution, which is inefficient at searching high-dimensional spaces. This work is motivated by the formulation of exploration techniques that are suitable for large-scale transportation network problems and high-dimensional optimization problems. We formulate a sampling mechanism that combines inverse cumulative distribution function sampling with problem-specific structural information of the underlying transportation problem. The proposed sampling distribution assigns greater sampling probability to points with better expected performance as defined by an analytical network model. Validation experiments on a toy network illustrate that the proposed sampling distribution has important commonalities with the underlying and typically unknown true sampling distribution of the simulator. We study a high-dimensional traffic signal control case study of Midtown Manhattan in New York City. The results show that the use of the proposed sampling mechanism as part of an SO framework can help to efficiently identify solutions with good performance. Using the analytical information for exploration, regardless of whether it is used for exploitation, outperforms benchmarks that do not use it, including standard Bayesian optimization. Using the analytical information for exploration only yields solutions with similar performance than when the information is used for exploitation only, reducing the total compute times by 65%. This paper sheds light on the importance of developing suitable exploration techniques to enhance both the scalability and the compute efficiency of general-purpose SO algorithms. Funding: T. Tay thanks the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore for funding his work. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2023.0110 .
CRISPRi screen of long non-coding RNAs identifies LINC03045 regulating glioblastoma invasion
Authors: Tsung Kathleen , Liu Kristie Q. , Han Jane S. , Deshpande Krutika , Doan Tammy , Loh Yong-Hwee Eddie , Ding Li , Yang Wentao , Neman Josh , Dou Yali , Attenello Frank J. 
Published: June 2024

Introduction
Glioblastoma (GBM) invasion studies have focused on coding genes, while few studies evaluate long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), transcripts without protein-coding potential, for role in GBM invasion. We leveraged CRISPR-interference (CRISPRi) to evaluate invasive function of GBM-associated lncRNAs in an unbiased functional screen, characterizing and exploring the mechanism of identified candidates.

Methods
We implemented a CRISPRi lncRNA loss-of-function screen evaluating association of lncRNA knockdown (KD) with invasion capacity in Matrigel. Top screen candidates were validated using CRISPRi and oligonucleotide(ASO)-mediated knockdown in three tumor lines. Clinical relevance of candidates was assessed via The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression(GTEx) survival analysis. Mediators of lncRNA effect were identified via differential expression analysis following lncRNA KD and assessed for tumor invasion using knockdown and rescue experiments.

Results
Forty-eight lncRNAs were significantly associated with 33–83% decrease in invasion (p<0.01) upon knockdown. The top candidate, LINC03045, identified from effect size and p-value, demonstrated 82.7% decrease in tumor cell invasion upon knockdown, while LINC03045 expression was significantly associated with patient survival and tumor grade(p<0.0001). RNAseq analysis of LINC03045 knockdown revealed that WASF3, previously implicated in tumor invasion studies, was highly correlated with lncRNA expression, while WASF3 KD was associated with significant decrease in invasion. Finally, WASF3 overexpression demonstrated rescue of invasive function lost with LINC03045 KD.

Conclusion
CRISPRi screening identified LINC03045, a previously unannotated lncRNA, as critical to GBM invasion. Gene expression is significantly associated with tumor grade and survival. RNA-seq and mechanistic studies suggest that this novel lncRNA may regulate invasion via WASF3.
Exploring the perspectives of healthcare professionals on providing supported asthma self-management for Bangladeshi and Pakistani people in the UK
Authors: Ahmed Salina , Pinnock Hilary , Steed Liz 
Published: June 2024

Background
Self-management support improves asthma outcomes and is widely recommended in guidelines, yet it is poorly implemented in routine practice. There may be additional challenges in the context of ethnic minority groups, where making sense of culture may be necessary. This study aimed to explore the perspectives of healthcare professionals on supporting UK Bangladeshi and Pakistani patients to self-manage their asthma.

Methods
One-to-one semi-structured interviews with professionals (primary and secondary care; medical and nursing) who routinely provide asthma care to Bangladeshi or Pakistani patients. Topics addressed included perceptions of professionals in supporting patients with asthma self-management and ideas for improving culturally competent care. Data were analysed thematically.

Results
Nine professionals, from a range of ethnic backgrounds, with considerable experience of treating patients from these communities were interviewed. Despite organisational restrictions (language and time/resources) and expressed gaps in cultural knowledge and training, all interviewees reported attempting to tailor support according to culture. They used their perception of the patient’s culture (e.g., big families and family involvement), integrated with their perception of patients’ ability to self-manage (e.g., degree of responsibility taken for asthma), to formulate theories about how to culturally adapt their approach to supported self-management, e.g., supporting barriers in understanding asthma. There was consensus that gaps in cultural knowledge of professionals needed to be addressed through training or information. Interventions recommended for patients included basic education, group meetings, and culturally relevant action plans.

Conclusion
In the absence of formal training and constrained by organisational limitations, self-management support was adapted based on personal and professional perception of culture. These ideas were based on experience and formulated a chain of reasoning. Professionals recognised the limitations of this approach and potential to overgeneralise their perceptions of culture and adaptations of supported self-management. Interventions were desired and need to address professional training in cultural competence and the provision of culturally relevant materials.
DIGITAL EDUCATION AS A BASIS FOR IMPROVING THE SOCIAL MECHANISM OF COMMITMENT TO THE PROFESSION OF HIGHER SCHOOL TEACHERS
Authors: Sidorenko Igor Olegovich 
Published: June 2024

The processes of cognition of the theory of commitment to the profession of a higher education teacher for the establishment of improved higher education and the accompanying scientific and expert discussions began long before the start of the reformation of the 21st century, however, the total transition to a new form of advanced training and innovative work of universities since 2021 has updated a new round of discussions about how the use of digital technologies is changing the landscape of higher education and the roles and modes of work of professionals. The article, based on a series of semi-structured interviews with teachers from 3 universities, most often of a humanitarian nature, which were collected in two stages from March to April 2021 and a survey of teachers in June 2023, discusses the transformation of the teaching profession in the new conditions after 2015. The key attention is paid to what is happening with the social mechanism of management in the new conditions, how the relationship between the administration and the teaching community is changing. It is shown that in the conditions of “forced bureaucratization” two divergent aspects are emerging. On the one hand, in the conditions of an unprecedented natural experiment on the mass transfer of all work processes into a mixed learning format, traditional forms of manifestation of the social management mechanism are being revived through the self-organization of the teaching community, the emergence of networks of cooperation and mutual support between professionals. On the other hand, teachers note increased administrative control and bureaucratization of the educational process. In some cases, this leads to an aggravation of conflict between the administration and the teaching community and is perceived by the latter as a threat to the social management mechanism. In this way, scientific algorithms are updated in relation to the future of the profession of a higher education teacher. The presented analysis concludes with a discussion of possible measures that can be taken to reduce the potential negative effects of the identified aspects on the entire higher education system.
Skeptical Suspension in the Face of Disagreement
Authors: Bullock Joseph B. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Pyrrhonian skeptics, according to Sextus Empiricus, suspend judgment in the face of equally strong oppositions, but they also continue to investigate. This joint characterization has puzzled scholars: Why keep investigating if the evidence demands epochē? On this point, Sextus has been accused of muddled thinking at best and incoherence at worst. In this paper, I explain how investigative activity harmonizes with the suspensive mindset. My interpretation helps to explain several puzzling features of Pyrrhonian philosophy in addition to the idea that one can both suspend judgment and continue investigating.
Argumente gegen Stammtischparolen – auch für Bibliothekarinnen und Bibliothekare
Authors: Fühles-Ubach Simone , Hufer Klaus-Peter , Banach Wiktoria , Kortmann Melina , Persé Lina , Rickert Elisa , Schlimbach Anna , Seitz Bjarne 
Published: June 2024

Zusammenfassung
Der Text beleuchtet die Einführung einer neuen Wahl-Lehrveranstaltung an der Technischen Hochschule Köln (TH Köln) mit dem Titel Argumentationstraining gegen Stammtischparolen. Diese Veranstaltung, initiiert von Prof. Klaus-Peter Hufer, bietet Studierenden des Studiengangs Bibliothek und digitale Kommunikation die Möglichkeit, sich in Argumentationstechniken gegen rechtsextreme Äußerungen zu schulen. Der Bedarf für Demokratiearbeit in Bibliotheken wird herausgearbeitet, wobei die Rolle von Bibliotheken als Orte gelebter Demokratie und demokratischer Kultur hervorgehoben wird. Der Artikel betont die steigende Forschungsaktivität zu diesem Thema und unterstreicht die Relevanz von Bibliotheken als Akteure der Demokratieförderung. Die Lehrveranstaltung wird mit ihren Zielen, Inhalten und Methoden erläutert. Darüber hinaus werden die Ergebnisse der Interviews von Studierenden mit acht Bibliotheken zum Thema bibliothekarische Demokratiearbeit vorgestellt.
Natural pigment indigoidine production: process design, simulation, and techno-economic assessment
Authors: Mora-Jiménez Jhared Axel , Alvarez-Rodriguez Vanessa Andreina , Cisneros-Hernández Sebastián , Ramírez-Martínez Carolina , Ordaz Alberto 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Natural pigment production represents an innovative and sustainable alternative to synthetic pigments. However, its industrial production to meet the global demand for pigments poses technological and economic challenges. In this work, a process design and simulation were conducted using SuperPro Designer to produce a blue natural pigment known as indigoidine, which is in high demand as a natural alternative to synthetic blue dyes in industries. The process design included upstream, bioreaction, and downstream processing to produce 113 tons per year of dry indigoidine. For the conception and design of the bioprocess, experimental data reported in the literature, such as kinetic and stoichiometric parameters, culture media, feeding strategy, and volumetric power input, were taken into account. The economic and profitability indicators of four scenarios were assessed based on a base scenario, which involved changing the typical stirred tank reactor to an airlift reactor, decreasing indigoidine recovery, and reducing biomass production. It was estimated that the use of an airlift reactor significantly improves the profitability of the bioprocess, while a 50 % decrease in biomass concentration (less than 40 g/L) significantly affected the profitability of the process. Finally, an equilibrium production point of around 56 tons per year was determined to balance total revenues with operational costs. This is the first work that offers valuable insights into the scaling-up of natural pigment indigoidine production using bacteria.