bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility and efficacy of chronic transfusion for stroke prevention in children with sickle cell disease
Authors: Mirre Elsa , Brousse Valentine , Berteloot Laureline , Lambot‐Juhan Karen , Verlhac Suzanne , Boulat Claire , Dumont Marie‐Dominique , Lenoir Gérard , De Montalembert Mariane 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjectives:  In children with sickle cell disease (SCD), chronic transfusion to maintain haemoglobin S (HbS) below 30% markedly decreases both the risk of a first stroke when transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography shows abnormal cerebral blood flow velocities and the risk of recurrent stroke. Maintaining HbS below 30% may be difficult, especially in countries where blood donors and recipients belong to different ethnic groups and where the availability of closely matched blood products is limited. We assessed the feasibility and efficacy of chronic transfusion with an HbS target of 30% in children with SCD living in the Paris area.Methods:  We retrospectively studied 29 children aged 6.8 ± 3.0 yr (3–15 yr) at inclusion who received chronic transfusion either because of abnormal TCD findings (primary prevention group, PPG, n = 17) or because of a previous cerebrovascular event (secondary prevention group, SPG, n = 12 including nine with a history of stroke and three of transient ischaemic attacks).Results:  Mean follow‐up was 3.5 ± 3.0 yr (0.5–12 yr). No cases of stroke occurred in the PPG. In the SPG, one patient with a history of stroke and severe cerebrovascular disease had a recurrence after 11 yr of chronic transfusion, when the HbS level was 20%. The stroke recurrence rate (SPG group) was 1.6/100 patient‐years. Mean HbS levels before and after transfusion were 30 ± 10% and 20.6 ± 7%, respectively. Two patients acquired red‐cell alloantibodies. Of the 29 patients, 22 required iron chelation.Conclusions:  Regular transfusion maintaining HbS below 30% is feasible and safe in children with SCD in France and protects from overt stroke.
The effect of daily repeated sedation using ketamine or ketamine combined with medetomidine on physiology and anesthetic characteristics in Rhesus Macaques
Authors: Settle T.L. , Rico P.J. , Lugo‐Roman L.A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackground Non‐human primates are frequently sedated to permit handling that can alter physiological values. The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of daily serial sedation using ketamine (K) or ketamine combined with medetomidine (KM). We hypothesized KM would reduce observed effects of repeated sedation.Methods Eight rhesus macaques were anesthetized for three consecutive days. Physiological data were recorded daily at 5‐minute intervals. Time intervals from injection to ataxia, recumbency, first movement and recovery were recorded. Depth of anesthesia was evaluated.Results Data showed an 11.7% increased heart rate at 5 minutes between the first and third day of injection with K and 17.9% with KM. Time from injection to ataxia increased 13.7% with K and 14.3% with KM. Time to recumbency increased 34.7% with K and 37.1% with KM.Conclusion These findings demonstrate repeated anesthesia with ketamine can initiate changes suggesting a tolerance effect.
Characterization of Candida parapsilosis infection of an in vitro reconstituted human oral epithelium
Authors: Silva Sónia , Henriques Mariana , Oliveira Rosário , Azeredo Joana , Malic Sladjana , Hooper Samuel J. , Williams David W. 
Published: November 2009

Oral candidosis is a common problem in immunocompromised patients, and whilst Candida albicans is regarded as the principal cause of infection, other non‐Candida albicans Candida (NCAC) species are increasingly being recognized as human pathogens. Relatively little is known about the virulence factors associated with NCAC species, and the aim of this study was to use a reconstituted human oral epithelium (RHOE) to examine epithelial infection withCandida parapsilosis. Strains originating from the oral and vaginal mucosa and from the urinary tract were all shown to colonize RHOE in a strain‐dependent manner. Strain differences were found in the colonizing morphology and in the extent of invasion of the RHOE. Low invasion of RHOE was detected for strains after 12 h, whereas extensive tissue damage was evident after 24 h when assessed using histological examination and lactate dehydrogenase activity determination. Tissue damage was reduced in the presence of pepstatin A, although C. parapsilosis invasion of the tissue was not inhibited. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction of secreted aspartyl proteinase (SAP) genes (SAPP1–3) showed that expression was strain dependent, with an increased expression generally occurring for Candida infecting RHOE compared with planktonic equivalents. In summary, C. parapsilosis was not highly invasive of RHOE but did induce significant tissue damage, which could relate to specific SAPgene expression.
A retrospective study of intrusive injuries in primary dentition
Authors: Colak Ivana , Markovic Dejan , Petrovic Bojan , Peric Tamara , Milenkovic Ana 
Published: November 2009

Abstract –  Objective:  The aim was to evaluate epidemiological aspects of intrusive injuries in primary teeth, extent and severity of injuries, provided treatment, and complications to the primary and permanent dentition.Methods:  This was a retrospective study based on the clinical and radiographic data of 102 intruded teeth in 70 patients. Follow‐up period varied from 6 months to 6 years, with the mean time of 2.7 ± 1.5 years. Data were collected through dental files and dental trauma forms. The following parameters were analyzed at control examinations: rate of spontaneous re‐eruption, presence of complications, time elapsed between the injury and complication, and possible sequels on permanent successors.Results:  Mean age of the patients was 2.5 ± 1.3 years. Fifty‐six children were injured because of the fall while walking or running. Most of children had one intruded tooth. Maxillary central incisors were the most frequently injured teeth. Seventy injured teeth were <2 mm intruded. Mean time elapsed from the injury until the professional help was 45.0 ± 67.3 h. Within 2 months after trauma, 48 intruded teeth re‐erupted spontaneously. Crown discoloration occurred in 10 intruded teeth, pulp necrosis was diagnosed in nine cases and pathologic root resorption was found in five injured teeth.Conclusions:  The most common mechanism of injury was fall. Spontaneous re‐eruption occurred in the majority of intruded primary teeth. In comparison with moderate or severe intrusions, mildly intruded teeth took less time to re‐erupt. Mildly intruded teeth exhibited less complications in comparison with moderately and severely intruded teeth.
Penicillin and vitamin A as possible therapeutic agents in pityriasis rubra pilaris
Authors: Popova Ludmila , Darlenski Razvigor , Tsankov Nikolai 
Published: November 2009

SummaryPityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) is a rare skin disorder with versatile clinical presentations. A 62‐year‐old Caucasian woman with progressive erythroderma and classic adult (type I) PRP is presented. Treatment with systemic steroids and methotrexate produced no improvement. Clinical remission was achieved after systemic therapy with penicillin (both intravenous and intramuscular) and vitamin A. The therapy of PRP is reviewed, focusing on a possible infectious genesis of PRP as well as the role of antibiotics in its management.
A Large Multicenter Outcome Study of Female Genital Plastic Surgery
Authors: Goodman Michael P. , Placik Otto J. , Benson Royal H. , Miklos John R. , Moore Robert D. , Jason Robert A. , Matlock David L. , Simopoulos Alex F. , Stern Bernard H. , Stanton Ryan A. , Kolb Susan E. , Gonzalez Federico 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTIntroductionFemale Genital Plastic Surgery, a relatively new entry in the field of Cosmetic and Plastic Surgery, has promised sexual enhancement and functional and cosmetic improvement for women. Are the vulvovaginal aesthetic procedures of Labiaplasty, Vaginoplasty/Perineoplasty (“Vaginal Rejuvenation”) and Clitoral Hood Reduction effective, and do they deliver on that promise? For what reason do women seek these procedures? What complications are evident, and what effects are noted regarding sexual function for women and their partners? Who should be performing these procedures, what training should they have, and what are the ethical considerations?AimThis study was designed to produce objective, utilizable outcome data regarding FGPS.Main Outcome Measures1) Reasons for considering surgery from both patient’s and physician’s perspective; 2) Pre-operative sexual functioning per procedure; 3) Overall patient satisfaction per procedure; 4) Effect of procedure on patient’s sexual enjoyment, per procedure; 5) Patient’s perception of effect on her partner’s sexual enjoyment, per procedure; 6) Complications.MethodsThis cross-sectional study, including 258 women and encompassing 341 separate procedures, comes from a group of twelve gynecologists, gynecologic urologists and plastic surgeons from ten centers in eight states nationwide. 104 labiaplasties, 24 clitoral hood reductions, 49 combined labiaplasty/clitoral hood reductions, 47 vaginoplasties and/or perineoplasties, and 34 combined labiaplasty and/or reduction of the clitoral hood plus vaginoplasty/perineoplasty procedures were studied retrospectively, analyzing both patient’s and physician’s perception of surgical rationale, pre-operative sexual function and several outcome criteria.ResultsCombining the three groups, 91.6% of patients were satisfied with the results of their surgery after a 6–42 month follow-up. Significant subjective enhancement in sexual functioning for both women and their sexual partners was noted (p = 0.0078), especially in patients undergoing vaginal tightening/perineal support procedures. Complications were acceptable and not of major consequence.ConclusionsWhile emphasizing that these female genital plastic procedures are not performed to correct “abnormalities,” as there is a wide range of normality in the external and internal female genitalia, both parous and nulliparous, many women chose to modify their vulvas and vaginas. From the results of this large study pooling data from a diverse group of experienced genital plastic surgeons, outcome in both general and sexual satisfaction appear excellent.
The International Index of Erectile Function: Development of an Adapted Tool for Use in HIV-Positive Men Who Have Sex with Men
Authors: Coyne Katherine , Mandalia Sundhiya , McCullough Sonya , Catalan Jose , Noestlinger Christiana , Colebunders Robert , Asboe David 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTIntroductionErectile dysfunction is common in HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM). A standardized scale is needed to assess erectile function in clinical practice and research studies.AimThe International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) is a widely accepted tool for assessing erectile function designed for heterosexual men. We modified the tool for MSM. We present an analysis of internal consistency of the questionnaire in an HIV-positive cohort.MethodsThe adapted questionnaire included modified questions within each of the five domains of the IIEF: (i) erectile function, (ii) intercourse satisfaction, (iii) orgasmic function, (iv) sexual desire, and (v) overall satisfaction with sex. MSM at seven European HIV treatment centers completed the questionnaire.Main Outcome MeasuresResponses were analyzed for internal consistency using standardized Cronbach’s alpha values within each of the five domains. A factor analysis was performed to confirm the domain structure of the questionnaire.ResultsData from 486 MSM were analyzed. The factor analysis supported the domain structure described. Questions about erectile function, orgasmic function, and sexual desire performed well, with Cronbach’s alpha values of 0.82, 0.83, and 0.89, respectively. Questions concerning intercourse satisfaction were less consistent (Cronbach’s alpha 0.55) because frequency of attempts at sexual intercourse did not correlate with other responses. Responses about satisfaction with sex with a regular partner diverged from satisfaction with overall sex life. Frequency of morning erections diverged from other aspects of erectile function, whereas erections with masturbation correlated better.ConclusionsInternal consistency was high overall. This tool is suitable for HIV-positive MSM and can be used in screening, research, and monitoring treatment response.
Feasability of a Novel Audio-Video Sexual Stimulation System: An Adjunct to the Use of Penile Duplex Doppler Ultrasonography for the Investigation of Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Kuo Yuh-Chen , Liu Shih-Ping , Chen Jyh-Horng , Chang Hong-Chiang , Tsai Vincent F.S. , Hsieh Ju-Ton 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Penile color Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS) with pharmacotesting has become an important tool for evaluating vascular erectile dysfunction (ED), and audio-visual sexual stimulation (AVSS) has been suggested to be helpful in assisting the performance of CDUS during the examination.

Aim
To investigate the feasibility of using a novel, remotely controllable AVSS system to assist CDUS.

Methods
This prospective randomized cross-over study recruited 60 consecutive ED patients. Each patient received three randomized sessions of CDUS under different conditions—AVSS, intracavernous injection (ICI) of alprostadil 20 microgram, or AVSS plus ICI. Clinical responses (rigidity) and penile vascular parameters including peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), and resistive index (RI) were measured. At the end of the study, patients were asked about how they perceived the AVSS system in generating sexual arousal.

Main Outcome Measures
PSV, EDV, RI, and rigidity.

Results
Fifty-eight ED patients (aged 21–79) underwent 174 sessions of CDUS. The mean PSV and maximal rigidity of patients under ICI alone were significantly greater than those of patients under AVSS alone (48.25 ± 22.78 vs. 36.54 ± 23.25 cm/second and 65.00 ± 23.93% vs. 43.28 ± 31.79%, respectively; both P &lt;0.05). The mean PSV of patients under AVSS plus ICI (55.38 ± 28.81 cm/second) was significantly greater than that of patients under ICI alone (P &lt;0.05), while the mean maximal rigidity (72.50 ± 22.03%) was only marginally greater (P = 0.082). EDV or RI was of no significant difference among the different conditions. Ultrasonographic diagnoses of ED under different conditions varied substantially. Fifty-four (93%) patients considered the AVSS system “very satisfactory” or “satisfactory” in evoking sexual arousal.

Conclusions
The novel, remotely controllable AVSS system is well accepted by patients and, in conjunction with ICI, helps to produce higher PSV for patients undergoing CDUS.
Diabetes Exacerbates the Functional Deficiency of NO/cGMP Pathway Associated with Erectile Dysfunction in Human Corpus Cavernosum and Penile Arteries
Authors: Angulo Javier , González-Corrochano Rocío , Cuevas Pedro , Fernández Argentina , Fuente José M. La , Rolo Francisco , Allona Antonio , Sáenz de Tejada Iñigo 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Diabetic men with erectile dysfunction (ED) are less responsive to therapy with type 5 phosphodiesterase (PDE5) inhibitors. Although an impairment of the nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic guanosin-monophosphate (cGMP) pathway has been shown in diabetic ED vs. non-diabetic ED, the functionality of NO/cGMP pathway in non-diabetic and diabetic ED patients with respect to non-ED patients has not been established.

Aim
The aim of this study is to evaluate the function of NO/cGMP signalling in human erectile tissues from ED patients exploring the added impact of diabetes.

Methods
Corpus cavernosum strips (human corpus cavernosum [HCC]) and penile resistance arteries (HPRA) were collected from penile specimens from organ donors (OD) and from diabetic and non-diabetic men with ED undergoing penile prosthesis implantation.

Main Outcome Measures
Relaxations to acetylcholine, electrical field stimulation, sodium nitroprusside, and sildenafil were evaluated in phenylephrine-contracted HCC and norepinephrine-contracted HPRA. cGMP content in HCC was also determined.

Results
The impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation in HCC and HPRA from ED patients was exacerbated by diabetes (Emax 76.1, 62.9, and 49.3% in HCC and 73.1, 59.8, and 46.0% in HPRA from OD, non-diabetic and diabetic ED, respectively). Hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, or aging did not exert a further impairment of endothelial relaxation among ED patients. Diabetes also causes a further impairment of neurogenic relaxation in HCC and HPRA. The basal and stimulated content of cGMP in HCC was significantly decreased in patients with ED, but specially reduced in diabetic patients. Diabetes clearly impaired PDE5 inhibitor-induced vasodilation of HPRA from ED patients.

Conclusions
ED is related to impaired vasodilation, reduced relaxant capacity, and diminished cGMP content in penile tissue. These alterations are more severe in diabetes and accompany reduced relaxant efficacy of PDE5 inhibition. Thus, an exacerbated reduction of nitric oxide/cGMP signaling could be responsible for ED in diabetic men and would explain their reduced response to treatment.
RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF BATTER DOUGH: EFFECT OF EGG LEVEL
Authors: MIGLIORI M. , GABRIELE D. , BALDINO N. , LUPI F.R. , DE CINDIO B. 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACT In this study a rheological characterization of batter dough for pudding production is presented. Small amplitude oscillation tests in linear viscoelastic range were performed at different temperatures (from 10 to 76C), and rheological characterization was completed also measuring apparent viscosity, as a function of shear rate and batter surface tension. A physical model based on weak gel behavior was used to asset the mechanical behavior of the material by measuring the three‐dimensional network connectivity and interaction strength. This approach allowed the effect of egg level to be investigated, correlating the changes in mechanical properties to the egg amount in the recipe. It was found that egg affects the rheological response of the material and its level may be adjusted in order to change the mechanical properties at low temperatures (compensating raw ingredients variation). In addition, at high temperature (after baking) some differences arise in network properties and the final structure of the proof may vary as a consequence. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSBatter is a widely diffused “liquid‐like” dough, used to produce numerous baked cereal goods. Batter formulation is quite simple and, in addition to flour, egg proteins are added to guarantee the final proof texture. In addition, in some applications raising agents are not used and water is responsible for proof expansion during baking. Therefore a fine control of the rheological properties is requested in order to guarantee bubbles growth and gas retention within a weakly structured system. At industrial level, the control is performed by acting on the protein content (i.e., egg level) aiming at keeping the optimal rheological behavior even in the presence of raw material variability. The rheological characterization of batter at different egg levels may be helpful in order to better understand the effect of protein amount variation on the batter structure as a function of temperature.
STABILITY OF BLACK CARROT ANTHOCYANINS IN THE TURKISH DELIGHT (LOKUM) DURING STORAGE
Authors: ÖZEN GÖKHAN , AKBULUT MEHMET , ARTIK NEVZAT 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACT In this research, traditional Turkish delight (lokum) was colored with black carrot juice concentrate, and the variations in anthocyanin content, during storage at different temperatures (12, 20 and 30C) for 5‐month periods, were observed by spectrophotometer and high‐performance liquid chromatography. Analysis of kinetic data suggested a first‐order reaction for the degradation of black carrot anthocyanins in Turkish delight. Degradation rates of anthocyanins of black carrot increased with increasing temperature. It was determined that the degradation rate of black carrot anthocyanins during the storage period at 12C increased faster than that of the other temperatures (20 and 30C). The k values for 12, 20 and 30C were found to be 6.91 × 10−3, 4.21 × 10−3and 9.21 × 10−3/day, respectively. Effects of pH on the thermal stability of black carrot anthocyanins were also determined. Results showed that the stability of anthocyanins decreased as the pH value increased. Increase in pH values correlated well with the decrease in anthocyanin content of the samples during storage. In all of the samples, redness (a*) decreased during the storage at all temperatures; however, lightness (L*) increased.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSMost of commercial anthocyanins used as a colorant in foods are obtained from fruits or vegetables such as: red grape, elderberry, blackcurrant, blackberry, raspberry, black chokeberry, red cabbage, black carrot, purple corn, red radish and purple sweet potato.Turkish delight (lokum), one of the most popular traditional food products in Turkey, is a famous Turkish desert known all over the world. Lokum is produced by using sugar, water, starch, citric acid, aromatic compounds, dried fruits and natural colorant. The color of foods, which is one of the initial properties noticed in foods, is one of the most important quality parameters affecting consumers. Because of consumer anxiety over the safety of synthetic food colorants, the demand for natural food colorants has increased. Particularly, there is an increasing request for natural red food colorants as alternatives to the most commonly used synthetic red colorant. Therefore, the availability and the suitability of black carrot juice concentrate as a natural colorant instead of synthetic colorants which are considered to have some negative properties for human health was investigated by this work.