bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phagocytic Activity of Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes Lavaged from the Lungs of Horses with Clinically Diagnosed Chronic Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Klucinski W. , Winnicka A. , Olszewski M. , Sikora J. , Sitarska E. , Niemialtowski M. , Muzylak M. , Bylinka G. , Wyszynski M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe aim of this study was to compare phagocytic activity of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) from the bronchoalveolar lavage of clinically healthy horses and those with severe chronic bronchiolitis. Research was carried out on 28 horses. Chronic inflammation of the lower airways was diagnosed in nine horses. Cells from the respiratory tract were lavaged according to accepted methods. For comparison, PMNs were isolated from peripheral blood of all investigated horses. The phagocytic activity of PMNs was determined in relation to two standard strains ofStaphylococcus aureus, Staph. aureusSmith which was phagocytized after previous opsonization, andStaph. aureus305, phagocytized without opsonization. From the investigations, it is shown that the PMNs present in the terminal airways of horses with severe chronic bronchiolitis are characterized by decreased phagocytic activity in relation to opsonizedStaphylococcus aureusSmith and increased activity in relation to non‐opsonizedStaphylococcus aureus305, as compared to the PMNs lavaged from the terminal airways of clinically healthy horses. No changes in the phagocytic activity of the peripheral blood PMNs were observed between clinically diseased horses and healthy horses.
Increased Airway Pressure in Response to Xylazine is Inhibited by both Atipamezole and Atropine in Sheep
Authors: Papazoglou L. , Raptopoulos D. , Kokolis N. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe effect on airway pressure of xylazine alone or following the administration of atipamezole or atropine was studied in 31 halothane‐anaesthetized sheep. Xylazine produced a significant increase in airway pressure which lasted for at least 30 min. This effect was inhibited by both atipamezole and atropine. The results suggest that the xylazine‐induced increase in airway pressure in sheep is α2‐adrenergically mediated. Moreover, activation of central α2‐adrenoceptors leading to vagal stimulation may be involved.
Messung der Fibrinogenkonzentration beim gesunden Hund: Standardisierung, Methodenvergleich und Referenzwerte
Authors: Mischke R. , Menzel D. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryMeasuring Fibrinogen Concentrations in Healthy Dogs: Standardization, Comparison of Methods and Reference ValuesPlasma fibrinogen concentration was measured in 67 healthy, adult dogs using five different methods (gravimetry, methods described by Jacobsson(1955) Ratnoffand Menzie(1951), and Clauss(1957), and functional photometric assay). Apart from using linear regression and the Pearson correlation coefficient (r) in order to characterize the relation between different methods, reference ranges (2.5–97.5%‐fractile) were calculated for all methods. For calibration of the Claussmethod (1957) and the photometric assay, dog plasma with a defined fibrinogen concentration was used. Measurements of commercial human fibrinogen standards yielded a good conformity with the concentrations specified by the manufacturer (values approximately 3% too low). These standards appear, therefore, to be also suited to the calibration of measurements of dog fibrinogen. The reference range for the gravimetry was 1.08–2.88 g fibrinogen per litre of plasma. A considerable conformity and close correlation was seen between the fibrinogen concentration measured by gravimetry and by using methods described by Jacobsson(1955; y = 1.088 × −0.142, r = 0.967) or Clauss(1957; y = 0.999 × −0.004, r = 0.973), respectively. Between the reference‐method gravimetry and the photometric method and Ratnoff‐Menzie(1951) method, respectively, a less close correlation, as well as a minor conformity, was found.ZusammenfassungIm Plasma von 67 gesunden, adulten Hunden wurde die Fibrinogenkonzentration mit fünf verschiedenen Methoden (Gravimetrie, Methoden nach Jacobsson(1955), Ratnoffund Menzie(1951) und nach Clauss(1957), Kinetischer Trübungstest) gemessen. Neben der linearen Regressionsbeziehung und dem Korrelationskoeffizienten nach Pearson (r) zur Beschreibung der Abhängigkeit zwischen verschiedenen Methoden wurden für alle Verfahren Referenzbereiche (2,5–97,5%‐Quantil) ermittelt. Die Eichung der Clauss‐Methode und der kinetischen Bestimmung erfolgte über ein Hundeplasma mit definiertem Fibrinogengehalt. Die Messung kommerzieller Humanfibrinogenstandards ergab eine gute Übereinstimmung mit den vom Hersteller angegebenen Konzentrationen (jeweils ca. 3% zu niedrige Werte), so daß sie auch zur Eichung der Messung von Hundefibrinogen geeignet erscheinen. Der Referenzbereich für die Gravimetrie war 1,08–2,88 g Fibrinogen/l. Eine gute Übereinstimmung und enge Abhängigkeit zeigte sich zwischen der gravimetrisch und der mit der Jacobsson‐Methode (y = 1.088x — 0,142; r = 0,967) bzw. der Clauss‐Methode (y = 0,999x — 0,004; r = 0,973) gemessenen Fibrinogenkonzentration.Eine weniger enge Abhängigkeit und geringere Übereinstimmung ergab sich zwischen Gravimetrie und dem kinetisch bzw. nach Ratnoff‐Menzie gemessenen Fibrinogen.
Histological and Immunohistological Classification of Canine Glomerular Disease
Authors: Vilafranca M. , Wohlsein P. , Trautwein G. , Leopold‐Temmler B. , Nolte I. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA histological and immunohistological study of the kidneys of 115 dogs, with and without clinical signs of spontaneous renal disease, was performed to prove the applicability of the WHO criteria for the classification of human glomerulopathy. Aside from the morphological investigation of paraffin and resin semithin sections, deposits of immunoglobulins, the complement component C3, and fibrinogen were observed immunoenzymatically in paraffin‐embedded tissue specimens. From this, eight different types of glomerular lesions with various frequencies were identified: minor glomerular abnormalities (28 cases), focal and segmental hyalinosis and sclerosis (12 cases), focal glomerulonephritis (GN; 18 cases), diffuse membranous GN (nine cases), diffuse mesangial proliferative GN (2 cases), diffuse endocapillary proliferative GN (five cases), diffuse mesangiocapillary GN (25 cases), diffuse sclerosing GN (11 cases) und unclassified GN (two cases). In one case, renal dysplasia was diagnosed and two dogs did not present glomerular alterations. The results are discussed with regard to human glomerular diseases and pathogenic mechanisms.ZusammenfassungEine histologische und immunhistologische Untersuchung wurde an Nieren von 115 Hunden mit und ohne klinisch manifestierte Nierenerkrankung durchgeführt, um die Anwendbarkeit der WHO‐Kriterien zur Einteilung humaner Glomerulopathien zu überprüfen. Außer einer morphologischen Untersuchung von Paraffin‐ und semidünnen Kunststoffschnitten wurden Ablagerungen von Immunglobulinen, der Komplementkomponente C3 und Fibrinogen in paraffineingebetteten Gewebeproben immunenzymhistochemisch dargestellt. Acht verschiedene Formen glomerulärer Veränderungen wurden nachgewiesen: minimale glomeruläre Veränderungen (28 Fälle), fokale und segmentale Hyalinose und Sklerose (12 Fälle), fokale Glomerulonephritis (GN; 18 Fälle), diffuse membranöse GN (neun Fälle), diffuse mesangialproliferative GN (zwei Fälle), diffuse endokapillär‐proliferative GN (fünf Fälle), diffuse mesangiokapilläre GN (25 Fälle), diffuse sklerosierende GN (11 Fälle) und zwei nicht‐klassifizierbare Glomerulopathien. In einem Fall wurde eine renale Dysplasie festgestellt, und zwei Hunde wiesen keine glomerulären Alterationen auf. Die Ergebnisse werden unter Berücksichtigung der beim Menschen vorkommenden Glomerulopathien und ihrer Pathomechanismen diskutiert.
Effect of Protein and Fat Content in Feed on Plasma Alanine‐Aminotransferase and Hepatic Fatty Infiltration in Mink
Authors: Damgaard B. M. , Clausen T. N. , Henriksen P. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe effect of the content of protein and fat in the feed on the development of fatty infiltration of the liver in the period from weaning until pelting was measured in two groups of male scanblack mink (Mustela vison) fed 20% and 45%, respectively, of metabolizable energy (ME) from protein. Furthermore, plasma activity of alanine‐aminotransferase and the content of specifically chosen clinical‐chemical variables in the blood were measured. At pelting time in December, the liver weights were absolutely and relatively heavier to body weight and had a considerably higher fat content at 20% of ME from protein than at 45% of ME from protein. From August to pelting time, the activity of alanine‐aminotransferase in plasma was higher at a low protein level than at a higher protein level in the feed. It is concluded that the content of protein and fat in the feed affects the incidence of hepatic fatty infiltration in mink. In the growth period, it is possible, based on plasma activity of alanine‐aminotransferase, to select animals with histological fatty infiltration of the liver.
Blood Levels of the Prostaglandin F2α Metabolite during the Postpartum Period in Bos indicus Cows in the Humid Tropics
Authors: Toribio R. E. , Molina J. R. , Bolaños J. M. , Kindahl H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryPlasma levels of the prostaglandin F2α metabolite (15‐ketodihydroprostaglandin F2α) were determined by radioimmunoassay in 26 postpartum multiparous Brahman cows. Variation in the concentrations of the metabolite was high among animals. 15‐Ketodihydro‐PGF2α concentrations on day 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 postpartum ranged from 402 to ≥1000, from 251 to ≥1000, from 237 to ≥1000, from 75 to 608 and from 75 to 267 pmol l−1, respectively. The prostaglandin metabolite levels were elevated at parturition and remained elevated thereafter for periods varying up to 10 to 23 days postpartum (16.7 ± 0.7 days, mean ± SEM). Uterine involution (UI) was completed by 28.0 ± 0.8 days (ranging from 20 to 36 days). A markedly linear decrease of 15‐ketodihydro‐PGF2α levels (P < 0.001) occurred from parturition until Day 23 postpartum. A significant correlation between the duration of the elevated PGF2α metabolite and the time required for completion of UI was observed (r = −0.50, P < 0.01).The effect of parity (PT) on 15‐ketodihydro‐PGF2α levels was not significant, however the relationship between UI and PT was affected (r = −0.59, P < 0.001). Both PGF2α release and PT had effects on the variability of UI (R2 = 0.62, P < 0.001). No significant relationship was found between elevated levels of 15‐ketodihydro‐PGF2α, UI and PT with postpartum anoestrous interval (PPAI).
A Comparative Study of Aerobic Capacity and Fitness in Three Different Horse Breeds (Andalusian, Arabian and Anglo‐Arabian)
Authors: Castejón F. , Rubio D. , Tovar P. , Vinuesa M. , Riber C. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryAerobic capacity and fitness was studied in three different horse breeds (Andalusian, Arabian and Anglo‐Arabian) using a four‐level exercise test of gradually increasing intensity (15, 20, 25 and 30 km/h). The lactate concentration at the first three exercise levels was significantly lower for Arabian and Anglo‐Arabian horses relative to Andalusian horses, but similar for the three breeds at the last level. Arabian and Anglo‐Arabian horses reached a higher rate than Andalusian horses at plasma lactate concentration of 2 mmol/l (VLA2) and 4 mmol/l (VLA4).Andalusian horses exhibited a significantly lower heart rate at rest than the other two breeds, but the differences virtually disappeared at 15 km/h. At 20 km/h, Andalusian horses reached a higher heart rate than Arabian and Anglo‐Arabian horses; at 25 km/h, however, their heart rate only exceeded that of Anglo‐Arabian horses. Finally, no significant differences between breeds were observed at 30 km/h.No differences between breeds as regards heart rate were found if this was expressed as a function of lactate plasma concentrations of 2 mmol/l (HRLA2) and 4 mmol/l (HRLA4). At a heart rate of 150 (VHR150) and 200 beat/min (VHR200), Andalusian horses achieved the lowest speeds.
Intrauterine Bacterial Findings in Postpartum Cows with Retained Fetal Membranes
Authors: Bekana M. , Jonsson P. , Ekman T. , Kindahl H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryEleven Swedish postpartum cows with retained fetal membranes (RFM) were studied to determine the intrauterine bacterial flora. Bacteriological examination was performed from twice weekly uterine biopsies. A total of 161 biopsies were collected during the first 8 weeks postpartum of which 82 (50.9 %) were found with bacterial growth. Seventy‐one of the 82 bacteria‐positive biopsies (86.6 %) showed mixed infections whereas the remaining 11 (13.4 %) were pure cultures. Generally, a total of 322 isolates belonging to 12 different genera of bacteria, 6 facultative and 6 obligate anaerobic pathogens were identified. Mixed infections were most frequent forActinomyces pyogenestogether with obligate anaerobic bacteria, especiallyBacteroides levii/spp. andFusobacterium necrophorum. All of the studied cows had an infection that involved the first two genera of bacteria, whereasF. necrophorumwas found in 8 of the 11 animals. The present work suggests that a possible pathogenic synergism betweenA. pyogenesand the two main Gram‐negative anaerobes might have caused early endometritis and/or persistent infection.
Influence of Anti‐inflammatory Drugs on Adhesion of Neutrophils to Endothelial Cells Cultured on Microcarriers: A Novel in Vitro System as an Alternative to Animal Experimentation
Authors: Zwahlen R. D. , Holden W. J. , Wyder‐Walther M. , Holub M. , Moiola F. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryPharmacological control of inflammation by steroidal (SAIDs) and nonsteroidal (NSAIDs) antiinflammatory drugs is of substantial clinical importance. To reduce the number of animals used in pharmacological and toxicological evaluation of these drugs we developed a novel assay to determine adhesion of bovine neutrophils (PMN) to bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) cultured on microcarriers in a flow‐through system.Pretreatment of BAEC with thrombin (10−7‐10−4 M) led to a dose‐dependent increase of PMN‐adhesion (10−6‐10−4 M:P < 0.05); platelet‐activating factor (10−9 M) and 1:200 diluted zymosan‐activated serum (ZAS) had similar effects (P < 0.001). Pretreatment of PMN with SAIDs (50.9 and 509 μM dexamethasone, 12.2 and 24.4 μM flumethasone) did inhibit adhesion to ZAS‐treated BAEC dose‐dependently. Pretreatment of PMN with NSAIDs had a less consistent influence on adhesion to ZAS‐stimulated BAEC. While phenylbutazone (0.33 and 3.3 mM), diclofenac (0.392 and 0.574 mM), indomethacine (0.436 and 0.872 mM), and acetylsalicylic acid (3.47 and 16.94 mM) induced dose‐dependent inhibition of PMN‐adhesion to ZAS‐treated BAEC, piroxicam (0.377 and 0.754 mM) inhibited PMN‐adhesion strongly (P < 0.001) but not dose‐dependently, and ketoprofene (0.614 and 1.228 mM) had no effect on PMN‐adhesion. The method presented here is efficient for evaluating the pharmacological modulation of PMN interaction with endothelial cells, and useful for studying further aspects of endothelial cell biology.
Effects of Verapamil, Sodium Nitroprusside, Tetrodotoxin and Caffeine on the Electrical Transmural Stimulation Induced Contraction in the Reticular Groove Smooth Muscle of Adult Cattle
Authors: San Andrés M. D. , González F. , Encinas T. , de Vicente M. L. , Rodríguez C. , San Andrés M. I. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe effect of electrical transmural stimulation (ETS) on smooth muscle strips in the floor of reticular groove of adult cattle was studied. The mechanical activity of the muscle strips was recorded isometrically. ETS (4 ms, 5 s, supramaximal voltage) caused frequency dependent (230 Hz) contractions of this smooth muscle. An increase in cytoplasmatic free calcium concentration can be achieved by release of the cation from intracellular store sites or by an influx of extracellular Ca2+through calcium channels. The contractile response of the muscle strips was inhibited about 66 % when it was incubated in a calcium‐free EGTA‐containing solution. The excitatory effect of ETS was not antagonized by verapamil (10−6mol/1), sodium nitroprusside (10−6mol/1) or tetrodotoxin (10−6mol/1). The electrically‐evoked contraction was inhibited strongly (92 %) by caffeine (30 mmol/1). The contractions of the smooth muscle from the reticular groove smooth muscle are dependent on the concentration of free calcium in the cell cytosol. This response was intracellular Ca2+ion dependent.
Effects of a Low Sodium Diet with a High Potassium Content on Plasma Endothelin‐1, Atrial Natriuretic Peptide and Arginine Vasopressin in Normal Dogs
Authors: Pedersen H. D. , Koch J. , Bie P. , Jensen A. L. , Flagstad A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryEight clinically healthy male beagle dogs received a low sodium diet for 5 weeks. Before and after this period the dogs received a control diet for 3 weeks. Both diets provided the dogs with approximately 6.8 mmol K+/kg/day. Neither introducing nor withdrawing the low sodium diet changed the plasma concentrations of endothelin‐1 (ET‐1), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and arginine vasopressin (AVP). Pooled data from the control periods were not different from the low sodium period for either ET‐1 (2.31 pg/ml and 2.09 pg/ml, P = 0.21), ANP (42.51 pg/ml and 38.99 pg/ml, P = 0.44) or AVP (4.14 pg/ml and 4.16 pg/ml, P = 0.91). It was concluded that ET‐1, ANP and AVP in normal dogs are unaffected by a 6‐fold change in sodium intake in the presence of a high potassium intake.
Generalisierte Zeroid‐Lipofuszinose bei Cocker‐Spanieln
Authors: Kirchhoff A. , Kobe C. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryResults of macroscopic, microscopic and electronmicroscopic investigations of two cocker spaniels with generalized ceroid‐lipofuscinosis are recorded. In the nerve system, the lipofuscin granules were mainly localized, primarily in nervous cells and secondarily in glial cells of themedulla oblongataand spinal cord. Extraneuronal lipofuscin granules were found in the smooth muscle fibres (bowel, bladder, trabecles of the spleen, prostata etc.) and also in the cells of the exocrine pancreas. Electronmicroscopically the lipofuscin granules in the neurons and in the smooth muscle fibres showed the ‘typical’ structure of lipofuscin, whereas in macrophages and glial cells the lipofuscin appeared as fingerprint‐like, pleomorphic, curvilinear and multimembranous bodies.ZusammenfassungBei zwei Cocker Spanieln werden makroskopische, lichtmikroskopische, transmissionsund rasterelektronenmikroskopische Befunde dargestellt. Die Lipofuszingranula waren im Bereich des ZNS vor allem in Ganglienzellen derMedulla oblongatasowie im Rückenmark lokalisiert. Extraneuronal waren hauptsächlich die glatte Muskulatur (Darm, Blase, Milztrabekel, Prostata etc.) sowie die exokrinen Pankreaszellen betroffen.Elektronenmikroskopisch stellten sich die Granula in den Neuronen und in den glatten Muskelfasern als ‘typische’ Lipofuszingranula dar, in den Makrophagen und Gliazellen fanden sich darüber hinaus auch Fingerabdruckkörper sowie pleomorphe, kurvilineare sowie multimembranöse Gebilde.
Bovine Glomerular Amyloidosis: Morphological Studies
Authors: Nordstoga K. , Zhou Z.‐Y. , Husby G. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryBovine kidney material with advanced glomerular deposits of amyloid was studied immunohistochemically using the avidin biotin complex immunoperoxidase method, with rabbit antihorse AA serum as primary antibody. Severely affected glomeruli consisted of strongly reacting positive material, obscuring all cellular structures. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the amyloidotic areas, with evident amyloid fibrils, also contained a considerable admixture of cellular remnants. In this investigation it was found that such material was more abundant in the bovine glomerular amyloid masses than in amyloid laden organs from other animal species, and it is discussed to what extent this observation may explain the varying tinctorial properties of amyloid deposits in bovine tissues, and the relative high content of histones in bovine amyloid proteins.
Experimental Treatment of Equine Sarcoid Using a Xanthate Compound and Recombinant Human Tumour Necrosis Factor Alpha
Authors: Otten N. , Marti E. , Söderström C. , Amtmann E. , Burger D. , Gerber H. , Lazary S. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA xanthate compound with antiviral and antitumoural activities, tricyclodecan‐9‐yl‐xanthogenate (D609) in combination with the potassium salt of the lauric acid (KC12) and, in a further investigation, the above‐mentioned substances together with recombinant human TNFα‐(rh‐TNFα), were tested on equine sarcoid tumours for therapeutic efficacy.A pilot investigation on 5 healthy horses showed that the compounds were well‐tolerated; apart from a local, temporary oedema at the injection site, no other clinical symptoms were observed after subcutaneous administration of volumes from 0.1 to 10 ml per injection. The tested concentrations of D609 and KC12(5 mg/ml solution) and of rh‐TNFα‐ (50 μg/ml) were used for the treatment experiments. The repeated injections of the compounds to 11 sarcoid affected horses were also well‐tolerated, except by one horse. In this case the treatment had to be interrupted after two injections because of severe reaction, i.e. fever and lameness due to oedemas.Five horses (n = 6 sarcoids) were treated by local, subcutaneous injection of D609 and KC12under the tumour at intervals of 3 weeks. On one periocular sarcoid the compounds were applied as an ointment. After a follow‐up period of 18 months, 5 tumours did completely regress and one remained unchanged. The periocular tumour showed a reduction in size.Five horses (n = 9 sarcoids) were then treated with a combination of D609, KC12and rh‐TNFα‐. After a follow‐up period of 13 months, one horse showed a complete regression of the treated tumour, 3 horses showed an important reduction (50 %) in size of the treated neoplasms (n = 4) and one of those also exhibited a complete regression of the other multiple, small untreated tumours. Two sarcoids (2 horses) did not change and one of the horses even showed continuous growth of two other treated sarcoids. These preliminary results may open a new way to conservative treatment of the equine sarcoid.
Development In Vitro of Rabbit Embryos After Freezing by Two‐Step or Ultrarapid Cooling Methods
Authors: Béjar M. López , López‐Gatius F. , Camón J. , Rutllant J. , Labèrnia J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe effects of rapid freezing by two‐step and ultrarapid cooling methods on 2‐cell, 8 to 16‐cell, compacted morula and early blastocyst stages of rabbit embryos were examined. Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO, 3.5mol/l) combined with sucrose (0.25mol/l) was used as the freezing medium. The embryos were loaded into plastic straws with the freezing medium, held during 2.5 min and then were directly plunged into liquid nitrogen (ultrarapid cooling) or after a time from 30 to 45 min held at — 27 °C (two‐step cooling). After rapid thawing embryo development was evaluated by in vitro developmental capacity shown by the embryos and was compared to control. All studied embryonic stages developed in vitro after two‐step and ultrarapid cooling procedures. However, higher developmental rates were obtained when the two‐step cooling method was used. Using the two‐step cooling method, best results were obtained at compacted morula and blastocyst stages, and no significant differences were shown when compared with control embryos at blastocyst stage. All embryonic stages to which the ultrarapid cooling method was applied showed lower developmental rates than control.The results show that a high proportion of rabbit embryos can develop in vitro after freezing by two‐step cooling method.