bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Planning of factorial experiments with one control treatment in a block design with nested rows and columns for environmental research
Authors: Łacka Agnieszka , Kozłowska Maria 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe presented principles for the planning of factorial experiments concerned with protection of the environment, carried out on heterogeneous experimental material or, for example, in the case of non‐uniform or, particularly, low levels of disease or pest infection. A block design with nested rows and columns (NRC) is proposed. We supposed that there are a levels of experimental factor A and b levels of experimental factor B. Hence ab experimental combinations and one control treatment are applied to experimental units. We assumed a mixed linear model resulting from randomization of blocks, rows and columns. We proposed stratum analysis and obtained the efficiency factors of estimation of treatment contrasts in the strata. We described a NRC design having certain properties. We considered type S designs, designs possessing C‐property and presented constructions of type S NRC designs and NRC designs possessing C‐property. A necessary and sufficient condition is obtained for a type S NRC design to be design possessing C‐property. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of gas radiation on radiative heat transfer in urban street canyon model
Authors: Yamada Noboru , Hasegawa Yutaka , Maruyama Shigenao 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we describe the results of numerical simulation of radiative heat transfer between the human body and an urban street canyon (building walls, pavement, and the sky) in the presence of participating non‐gray gas mixtures consisting of H2O and CO2. The ambient temperature in typical summer conditions and the concentration of gas mixtures during summer in Tokyo were assumed. Further, the parallel infinite plane model and simple urban street canyon model were used. The results show that the participating gas significantly affects the infrared radiation field in an urban street canyon. The radiation flux emitted by the participating gas is approximately 35% of the total radiation flux incident on the human body surface. This causes a homogenization of the infrared radiation field surrounding the human body. Gas radiation plays an important role in the heat transfer between the human body and the environment under hot and humid summer conditions. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20258
Influence of air‐flow imbalance and refrigerant flow path pattern on an evaporator's performance
Authors: Kaga Kunihiko , Kotoh Satoru , Ogushi Teturo , Yoshida Hideo 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis paper presents the influence of air flow imbalance on performance of an evaporator and the effect of the refrigerant flow path pattern. To estimate the influence, we applied a thermal network method that takes refrigerant quality distribution in the heat exchanger into account. The prediction shows that performance of the evaporator falls by 6% with a 40% imbalance of air flow rate for a simple 2 rows and 2 paths heat exchanger. Also, the prediction shows that the performance level will be recovered to when the air flow distribution is uniform by optimizing refrigerant flow path pattern. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20260
Forty keratin‐associated β‐proteins (β‐keratins) form the hard layers of scales, claws, and adhesive pads in the green anole lizard, Anolis carolinensis
Authors: Dalla Valle Luisa , Nardi Alessia , Bonazza Giulia , Zuccal Chiara , Emera Deena , Alibardi Lorenzo 
Published: July 2009

AbstractUsing bioinformatic methods we have detected the genes of 40 keratin‐associated β‐proteins (KAβPs) (β‐keratins) from the first available draft genome sequence of a reptile, the lizard Anolis carolinensis (Broad Institute, Boston). All genes are clustered in a single but not yet identified chromosomal locus, and contain a single intron of variable length. 5′‐RACE and RT‐PCR analyses using RNA from different epidermal regions show tissue‐specific expression of different transcripts. These results were confirmed from the analysis of the A. carolinensis EST libraries (Broad Institute). Most deduced proteins are 12–16 kDa with a pI of 7.5–8.5. Two genes encoding putative proteins of 40 and 45 kDa are also present. Despite variability in amino acid sequences, four main subfamilies can be described. The largest subfamily includes proteins high in glycine, a small subfamily contains proteins high in cysteine, a third large subfamily contains proteins high in cysteine and glycine, and the fourth, smallest subfamily comprises proteins low in cysteine and glycine. An inner region of high amino acid identity is the most constant characteristic of these proteins and maps to a region with two to three close β‐folds in the proteins. This β‐fold region is responsible for the formation of filaments of the corneous material in all types of scales in this species. Phylogenetic analysis shows that A. carolinensis KAβPs are more similar to those of other lepidosaurians (snake, lizard, and gecko lizard) than to those of archosaurians (chick and crocodile) and turtles. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 314B:11–32, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Examining the relationship between resilience and posttraumatic growth
Authors: Levine Stephen Z. , Laufer Avital , Stein Einat , Hamama‐Raz Yaira , Solomon Zahava 
Published: July 2009

AbstractTo extend the literature the present study aims to examine the interrelationships between resilience (defined by a lack of posttraumatic stress disorder following trauma) and posttraumatic growth. Two studies were conducted of Israeli: (a) adolescents exposed to terror (N = 2908), and (b) citizens and army personnel following the second Lebanon War (N = 588). Across studies the results showed that high levels of resilience were associated with the lowest posttraumatic growth scores. The results imply that although growth and resilience are both salutogenic constructs they are inversely related. The theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
PTSD symptoms, satisfaction with life, and prejudicial attitudes toward the adversary among Israeli civilians exposed to ongoing missile attacks
Authors: Besser Avi , Neria Yuval 
Published: July 2009

AbstractFew studies have examined the consequences of exposure to ongoing missile attacks in civilian populations. The authors examine the relationships between such exposure, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), satisfaction with life, and prejudicial attitudes toward the adversary. By using a stratified probability sampling, 160 adults, exposed to repeated missile attacks in southern Israel, were compared to 181 adults from areas outside the range of these attacks. Exposed participants reported more PTSD symptoms and less satisfaction with life, as compared to unexposed participants. The associations between PTSD and satisfaction with life and between PTSD and prejudicial attitudes were significantly stronger among the exposed participants, as compared to those who were not exposed to the attacks. Theoretical and clinical implications of the findings are discussed.
Psychological consequences of forced evacuation on children: Risk and protective factors
Authors: Slone Michelle , Shoshani Anat , Paltieli Tal 
Published: July 2009

AbstractChildren's psychological distress and symptoms after forced evacuation from the Gaza Strip in Israel were studied. Fifty families living in temporary residences 2 weeks postevacuation were assessed for general political and evacuation life events exposure as risk factors and family support and hardiness as protective factors. The hypothesis predicting a positive correlation between forced evacuation events and political life events and symptom levels was confirmed. Perceived family support served as a significant predictor of symptomatology, but not family hardiness, substantiating parents' role in aiding children's coping.
Diabetes‐related changes in hearing
Authors: Austin Donald F. , Konrad‐Martin Dawn , Griest Susan , McMillan Garnett P. , McDermott Daniel , Fausti Stephen 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Determine the effects on hearing of diabetes mellitus (DM) severity.Study Design:We conducted a cross‐sectional study among Veterans to investigate the relationship of diabetes severity and hearing in randomly selected subjects with (165) and without (137) DM and who had no more than a moderate hearing loss.Methods:Subjects were classified by three age tertiles (<50, 50–56, and 57+ years). Diabetes severity was classified as insulin‐dependent (IDDM), noninsulin‐dependent (NIDDM), or no DM. Other DM measures included concurrent serum glucose, serum HbA1c, duration of disease, and several measures of DM‐related complications. Pure‐tone thresholds were measured in both ears of each subject at frequencies from 250 Hz through 14,000 Hz. Outcome measures were adjusted for age and frequency and analyzed for differences between subject groups using analysis of variance. Contrasts of the mean NIDDM and IDDM thresholds at each frequency to the DM group, and controlled for the effects of frequency, age, and interactions were modeled.Results:There was greater hearing loss in younger tertile DM subjects compared to those without DM. Significant hearing differences were at all frequencies for NIDDM subjects, but for IDDM subjects, differences were at 1,000 Hz and below, and 10,000 Hz and above. Over age 50 years, there were significant associations between hearing at low frequencies and IDDM only. Self‐report of prior noise exposure did not explain observed differences.Conclusions:Diabetes is associated with an increased risk of hearing loss, and this difference is manifest particularly in adults <50 years old. Laryngoscope, 2009
Simulation of the mean urban heat island using 2D surface parameters: empirical modelling, verification and extension
Authors: Balázs Bernadett , Unger János , Gál Tamás , Sümeghy Zoltán , Geiger János , Szegedi Sándor 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe spatial distribution of the annual mean urban heat island (UHI) intensity was simulated applying empirical models based on datasets from urban areas of Szeged and Debrecen, using simple and easily determinable urban surface cover variables. These two cities are situated on the Alföld (Great Hungarian Plain) and have similar topographic and climatic conditions. Temperature field measurements were carried out, Landsat satellite images were evaluated, and then one‐ and multiple variable models were constructed using linear regression techniques. The selected multiple‐parameter models were verified using independent datasets from three urban settlements. In order to obtain some impression of the mean UHI patterns in other cities with no temperature measurements available, the better model was extended to urban areas of four other cities situated in geographical environments similar to Szeged and Debrecen. The main shortcoming of typical empirical models, namely that they are often restricted to a specific location, is overcome by the obtained model since it is not entirely site but more region specific, and valid in a large and densely populated area with several settlements. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Valuing meteorological information
Authors: Leviäkangas Pekka 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis paper approaches the value of meteorological information from the perspectives of value engineering, pricing or valuation techniques and information economics. The value of information can be looked at from at least two angles: the value of information to the decision maker and the value of information realized through the impact occurring as a result actions and decisions based on information. The value of information is not a singular, uniform concept. It consists of multiple attributes weighed in different ways by different actors who evaluate information according to their own particular preferences. When designing information value chains the value build‐up and relative importance of different attributes in different sections of the chain cannot be neglected. There are multiple methods and techniques for measuring the value, but these must be applied with care, being aware of the relevant attributes and in which part of the information value chain the measurement takes place. With the valuation tools described in this paper, the valuation problem can be clarified and appropriate methods selected. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Photoreactive particle prepared from natural rubber and 1,9‐nonandioldimethacrylate
Authors: Pukkate Nanthaporn , Horimai Tatsuya , Wakisaka Osamu , Yamamoto Yoshimasa , Kawahara Seiichi 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPhotoreactive particle was prepared by graft copolymerization of 1,9‐nonandioldimethacrylate (NDMA) onto deproteinized natural rubber (DPNR) particles in latex stage. First, NDMA was mixed with α‐cyclodextrin (α‐CD) as a coupling agent to form an inclusion complex to stabilize a carbon–carbon double bond of NDMA as a bifunctional monomer. Second, the inclusion complex was graft‐copolymerized onto natural rubber (NR) in latex stage with potassium persulfate (KPS) as an initiator, after deproteinization with urea in the presence of surfactant. A terminal vinyl group of NDMA was used for the graft copolymerization, while the other remained in the resulting polymer, due to the coupling effect of the α‐CD. The products, after washing α‐CD out, were characterized by FTIR, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), 1H NMR and solid‐state 13C NMR measurements. The amount of residual carbon–carbon double bond after graft copolymerization was investigated in relation to the amount of rubber and reaction temperature. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 4111–4118, 2009
The mental adjustment to cancer scale: a psychometric analysis in Spanish cancer patients
Authors: Costa‐Requena Gema , Gil Francisco 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjective: The Mental Adjustment to Cancer (MAC) scale was used to assess the cognitive responses to a cancer diagnosis. The aim of this study was to replicate the factorial structure of the Spanish version of the scale and ascertain the correlations between dimensions of the MAC and socio‐demographic characteristics or medical variables.Material and Methods: The sample included 693 cancer outpatients. In order to validate the MAC questionnaire was applied a principal component analysis. The dimensions of the questionnaire were compared and correlated with socio‐demographic characteristics (age and gender), medical variables (cancer site, time since diagnosis) and distress.Results: After the MAC factorial analysis, 28 items were included in five factors: Hopeless, Anxiety, Resignation/Fatalism, Illness Acceptance and Self‐Safety Behaviour. In relation to the variables, the women cope with cancer with more Illness Acceptance and Resignation subscales than men. More mature ages were related with Hopeless, Resignation and Self‐Safety Behaviour, also correlated negatively with Anxiety. The cancer site showed significant differences on the Hopeless and a tendency on Resignation subscale. Time since diagnosis did not correlate significantly with any subscales in the Spanish version of the MAC. Distress was reflected in the Anxiety and Hopeless subscales, and moreover it was related negatively with Self‐Safety Behaviour.Conclusions: The MAC scale was a valid and acceptable tool for Spanish cancer patients, however, these findings provide a factorial structure different from the original MAC scale. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Short‐form Supportive Care Needs Survey Questionnaire (SCNS‐SF34‐J)
Authors: Okuyama Toru , Akechi Tatsuo , Yamashita Hiroko , Toyama Tatsuya , Endo Chiharu , Sagawa Ryuichi , Uchida Megumi , Furukawa Toshiaki A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPurpose: Provision of supportive care to meet patients' individual needs is instrumental to enhancing their quality of life. We therefore need an appropriate assessment tool to measure such needs. The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric property of the Japanese version of the Short‐form Supportive Care Needs Survey questionnaire (SCNS‐SF34‐J).Subjects and methods: The forward–backward translation method was used to develop the Japanese version of SCNS‐SF34, originally developed by Boyes et al. in Australia. Randomly selected ambulatory female patients with breast cancer participated in this study. They were asked to complete the SCNS‐SF34‐J and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ‐C 30. The validity and the reliability of SCNS‐SF34‐J were evaluated statistically.Results: Complete data were available from 408 patients. A five‐factor solution that accounted for 74.6% of the total variance was reproduced. The results confirmed the five‐factor structure found in the original SCNS development study, consisting of Health system and Information needs, Psychological needs, Physical needs, Care and Support needs, and Sexuality needs. Cronbach's alpha coefficients, which are the measures of the internal consistency, were above 0.85 for all of five subscales. Significant correlations were also found for corresponding subscales in each of the instruments. The anticipated differences in supportive care needs between groups divided by the patient characteristics, such as the disease stage, were found to be significant.Conclusion: The results indicated that SCNS‐SF34‐J is a valid and reliable tool for assessing the supportive care needs of Japanese cancer patients. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychological factors and preferences for communicating prognosis in esophageal cancer patients
Authors: Franssen Sanne J. , Lagarde Sjoerd M. , van Werven Jochem R. , Smets Ellen M. A. , Tran Khe T. C. , Plukker John Th. M. , van Lanschot J. Jan B. , de Haes Hanneke C. J. M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjective: Discussing prognosis is often confronting and complex for cancer patients. This study investigates how patients' psychological characteristics relate to their preferences concerning the disclosure of prognosis.Methods: One hundred and seventy‐six esophageal cancer patients participated in the study. They had undergone esophagectomy within the past 28 months and did not have evidence of cancer recurrence. Patients completed a questionnaire eliciting their preferences for prognostic information. Sociodemographic characteristics, involvement preferences, anxiety, depression, fear of recurrence, striving for quality of life (QOL) or quantity of life and trust in physicians were explored as predictors for (a) wanting to be informed about prognosis and (b) the initiation of discussion about prognosis.Results: Patients wanting all prognostic information had more fear for the disease to recur (p<0.05) and were inclined to be more actively involved during consultation (p<0.001). Post hoc analyses showed that patients with worse QOL scores reported more fear of recurrence. Anxiety, depression, trust and tendency to strive for QOL or quantity of life were not related to preferences concerning prognostic information.Conclusions: The more fear patients have for esophageal cancer to recur, the more information they want about prognosis. Thus, patient's fear for recurrent disease is not a reason for withholding prognostic information. Results also suggest that there is no harm in asking patients what information they want. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Family communication, genetic testing and colonoscopy screening in hereditary non‐polyposis colon cancer: a qualitative study
Authors: McCann Siobhan , MacAuley Domhnall , Barnett Yvonne , Bunting Brendan , Bradley Aoife , Jeffers Lisa , Morrison Patrick J. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjective: Genetic testing and colonoscopy is recommended for people with a strong history of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, families must communicate so that all members are aware of the risk. The study aimed to explore the factors influencing family communication about genetic risk and colonoscopy among people with a strong family history of CRC who attended a genetic clinic with a view to having a genetic test for hereditary non‐polyposis colon cancer (HNPCC).Methods: Interviews were held with 30 people with a high familial risk of colon cancer. The transcripts were transcribed verbatim and analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.Results: The family context, family history and perceptions about family duties and responsibilities were important motivators for communication about risk, genetic testing and colonoscopy and influenced participation in genetic testing and screening programmes. Participants reported usually communicating openly with their relatives about genetic risk and colonoscopy. Individuals felt a duty towards affected relatives and to their own children. The influence of the spouse and other relatives, particularly those affected by CRC, was also important. Colonoscopy was perceived to be embarrassing, unpleasant and sometimes painful. While there was sometimes anxiety about the result of the colonoscopy the results were usually reassuring.Conclusions: The family context and the experience of the family history can have an impact on communication, genetic testing and screening in HNPCC and this should be explored during counselling. Some individuals might benefit from support in communicating with relatives about genetic risk. Ways of improving the individual's experience of colonoscopy should also be examined. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Symptoms of post‐traumatic stress in children with cancer: does personality trump health status?
Authors: Phipps Sean , Jurbergs Nichole , Long Alanna 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjective: To examine the symptoms of post‐traumatic stress (PTSS) in children as a function of health status (cancer vs healthy) and adaptive style.Methods: Children with cancer (N=199) and healthy acquaintance control children (N=108) completed a standardized measure of PTSS. Measures of trait anxiety and defensiveness were obtained to characterize the adaptive style of respondents.Results: Within the cancer group, levels of PTSS did not differ as a function of diagnosis, time since diagnosis, or whether children were on‐ or off‐treatment. The only cancer‐related factor associated with elevated PTSS was a history or relapse or recurrence. Children with cancer reported significantly fewer symptoms of re‐experiencing/intrusion than did healthy children, but also reported greater symptoms of numbing/avoidance. However, there were no differences in total PTSS scores between children with cancer and controls. In contrast, a significant effect of adaptive style on PTSS was observed, with children identified as repressors or low anxious obtaining lower scores on total PTSS and all PTSS subscales than high‐anxious children, regardless of health status. Estimates of the number of children meeting criteria for post‐traumatic stress disorder did not differ between children with cancer and healthy children, and were low in both groups.Conclusions: Children with cancer report levels of PTSS that are not higher than that of their healthy peers. Personality factors such as adaptive style are a much more salient determinant of PTSS than is health history. These findings raise further questions regarding the value of a traumatic stress model for understanding the experiences of children with cancer. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.