bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 7-day continuous infusion of PTH or PTHrP suppresses bone formation and uncouples bone turnover
Authors: Horwitz Mara J , Tedesco Mary Beth , Sereika Susan M , Prebehala Linda , Gundberg Caren M , Hollis Bruce W , Bisello Alessandro , Garcia-Ocaña Adolfo , Carneiro Raquel M , Stewart Andrew F 
Published: May 2011

AbstractHuman in vivo models of primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT), humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM), or lactational bone mobilization for more than 48 hours have not been described previously. We therefore developed 7-day continuous-infusion models using human parathyroid hormone(1–34) [hPTH(1–34)] and human parathyroid hormone–related protein(1–36) [hPTHrP(1–36)] in healthy human adult volunteers. Study subjects developed sustained mild increases in serum calcium (10.0 mg/dL), with marked suppression of endogenous PTH(1–84). The maximal tolerated infused doses over a 7-day period (2 and 4 pmol/kg/h for PTH and PTHrP, respectively) were far lower than in prior, briefer human studies (8 to 28 pmol/kg/h). In contrast to prior reports using higher PTH and PTHrP doses, both 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] and tubular maximum for phosphorus (TmP/GFR) remained unaltered with these low doses despite achievement of hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria. As expected, bone resorption increased rapidly and reversed promptly with cessation of the infusion. However, in contrast to events in primary HPT, bone formation was suppressed by 30% to 40% for the 7 days of the infusions. With cessation of PTH and PTHrP infusion, bone-formation markers abruptly rebounded upward, confirming that bone formation is suppressed by continuous PTH or PTHrP infusion. These studies demonstrate that continuous exposure of the human skeleton to PTH or PTHrP in vivo recruits and activates the bone-resorption program but causes sustained arrest in the osteoblast maturation program. These events would most closely mimic and model events in HHM. Although not a perfect model for lactation, the increase in resorption and the rebound increase in formation with cessation of the infusions are reminiscent of the maternal skeletal calcium mobilization and reversal that occur following lactation. The findings also highlight similarities and differences between the model and HPT. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Molecular dynamics simulations of ionic and nonionic surfactant micelles with a generalized born implicit‐solvent model
Authors: Wang Yuhang , Wallace Jason A. , Koenig Peter H. , Shen Jana K. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn recent years, all‐atom and coarse‐grained models have been developed andapplied to simulations of micelles and biological membranes. Here, we explorethe question of whether a combined all‐atom representation of surfactantmolecules and continuum description of solvent based on the generalized Bornmodel can be used to study surfactant micelles. Specifically, we report theparameterization of the GBSW model with a surface‐area dependent nonpolarsolvation energy term for dodecyl sulfate, dodecyl tetramethylammonium, anddodecyl triethyleneglycol ether molecules. In the parameterization procedure,the atomic Born radii were derived from the radial distribution functions ofsolvent charge and refined targeting the potential of mean force of dimerinteractions from explicit‐solvent simulations. The optimized radii were thenapplied in molecular dynamics simulations of the ionic and nonionic micelles.We found that the micelles are stable but more compact and rigid than inexplicit solvent as a consequence of the drastic reduction in solvation andmobility of surfactant monomers within the micelle. Based on these data and ourprevious work, we suggest that in addition to a more accurate description ofthe nonpolar solvation energy, the ruggedness in the short‐range interactionsdue to solvent granularity is a critical feature that needs to be taken intoaccount to accurately model processes such as micelle formation and proteinfolding in implicit solvent. Finally, the explicit‐solvent data presented hereoffers new insights into different conformational behavior of ionic andnonionic micelles which is valuable for understanding hydrophobic assembliesand of interest to the detergent industry. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011
Pancreatic splenosis demonstrated by contrast‐enhanced sonography
Authors: Rogers Patrick , Williams M. P. , Fernando Rashika , Freeman Simon 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPancreatic splenosis is a very rare condition whose features on contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) have not, to our knowledge, been previously reported. We present the imaging findings in a case of pancreatic splenosis, in which a confident diagnosis was achieved with the use of CEUS and confirmed by a labeled heat denatured red cell scan. Accumulation of ultrasound contrast microbubbles in splenic tissue can be readily visualized on late‐phase CEUS and this technique has already been used to confirm the nature of intrapancreatic accessory spleens. This case shows that it can also confirm the diagnosis of splenosis. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2011
Evolution of sonographic findings in a fetus with ileal atresia
Authors: Lee Jung‐Hyun , Im Soo‐Ah , Lee Guisera 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe report a case of a meconium pseudocyst secondary to ileal atresia and midgut volvulus. Initially, a single anechoic cyst was detected on prenatal sonography. The cyst gradually increased in size during the second trimester and eventually appeared as a large mass in the lower abdomen with echogenic content and associated with bowel dilatation. This case indicates that until the mid third trimester a single sonolucent cyst without signs of bowel obstruction may be associated with congenital intestinal obstruction. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2011
Characterization of nontraumatic focal splenic lesions using contrast‐enhanced sonography
Authors: Chiavaroli Roberto , Grima Pierfrancesco , Tundo Paolo 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPurpose.To compare contrast‐enhanced sonography (CEUS) with contrast‐enhanced CT in the assessment of nontraumatic focal lesions of the spleen.Methods.CEUS and CT findings in 22 patients with fever of unknown origin and ultrasound‐detected splenic focal lesions were analyzed retrospectively. CEUS was performed using an ultrasound unit equipped with a 3.6‐MHz probe and contrast‐specific software. A 4‐ml bolus of second‐generation contrast medium was used. The CEUS examinations included a 4‐minute recording following injection of the contrast medium. MRI, splenic biopsy, or ultrasound follow‐up were used if findings from CT were inconclusive.Results.The final diagnoses were as follows: seven splenic infarcts, five hemangiomas, three lacerations, two benign cysts, one lymphoma, one granuloma, one abscess, and two lesions of unknown etiology. CEUS and CT had the same specificity (77.2%). Both CEUS and CT failed to characterize nodular hypovascular lesions with a hypoenhancing pattern.Conclusions.CEUS is as effective as CT for characterizing nontraumatic focal lesions of the spleen. If CEUS findings are consistent with a benign splenic lesion, CT seems to be of limited additional value. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2011;
Sonographic measurement of cervical volume in nonpregnant women using the geometric formula for a cylinder versus the three‐dimensional automated virtual organ computer‐aided analysis (vocal)
Authors: Papoutsis Dimitrios , Daskalakis George , Antonakou Angeliki , Rodolakis Alexandros , Mesogitis Spiridon , Antsaklis Aris 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackground.To sonographically evaluate the volume of uterine cervix in nonpregnant women with use of the geometric formula for a cylinder and to assess agreement with the reference Virtual Organ Computer‐Aided AnaLysis (VOCAL) method.Methods.Three‐dimensional ultrasound volume datasets of the uterine cervix from 81 women were obtained prospectively within a 1‐year period. Volume measurements were performed using VOCAL and the geometric formula for a cylinder. Reliability was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficient and Bland‐Altman plots were produced to examine intermethod agreement. Time needed to perform measurements was compared with Student's t test.Results.There was good agreement between VOCAL and the geometric formula for a cylinder (mean percentage difference, −0.78%; 95% limits of agreement, −17.59–16.03%). Measurements made by the formula for a cylinder were slightly greater than VOCAL by a mean (±SE) of 0.78% (±0.95%). A high degree of reliability was observed between the two methods (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.97; 95%CI, 0.95–0.98). Cervical volume estimation with the geometric formula for a cylinder was faster to obtain.Conclusions.This method comparison study shows that the geometric formula for a cylinder has good agreement with VOCAL and can determine the volume of the cervix in a faster way. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2011
Assessment of right atrial pressure using echocardiography and correlation with catheterization
Authors: Yildirimturk Ozlem , Tayyareci Yelda , Erdim Refik , Ozen Ersin , Yurdakul Selen , Aytekin Vedat , Demiroglu IC Cemsid , Aytekin Saide 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPurpose:Right ventricular systolic pressure is crucial for both treatment and prognosis of cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. The proper measurement of right ventricular systolic pressure depends on an accurate estimation of right atrial pressure (RAP). There is no standard method for estimating RAP noninvasively. The purpose of this study was to compare different noninvasive methods, namely, inferior vena cava (IVC) size and inspiratory collapse, tissue Doppler derived E/E′ (TV E/E′) for estimating RAP, and their correlation with catheter‐based measurements in patients with mitral valve stenosis with atrial fibrillation (AF) or normal sinus rhythm (NSR).Methods:The study group consisted of 39 patients (13 men, mean age 58.9 ± 11.8 years) with rheumatic mitral valve stenosis. We performed cardiac catheterization and transthoracic echocardiography on all patients.Results:Mean RAP measured by catheterization was 9.7 ± 3.8 mmHg. No correlation was found between RAP and TV E/E′ ratio, but there was a significant correlation between RAP and IVC diameter (r = 0.51, p < 0.05). Seventeen patients (43.6%) were in AF and 22 patients (56.4%) were in NSR. There was no correlation between TV E/E′ ratio and RAP in patients with AF and in patients with NSR. RAP was correlated with collapsibility index in patients with AF (r = 0.56, p < 0.05). RAP was significantly correlated with IVC diameter (r = 0.62, p < 0.005) and collapsibility index (r = 0.49, p < 0.05) in patients with NSR.Conclusions:The combination of IVC diameter and collapsibility index is a simple a semiquantitative approach that might provide a better estimation of RAP. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2011;
Transfection of Noggin in bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) enhances BMSC‐induced functional outcome after stroke in rats
Authors: Chen Chen , Cheng Yan , Chen Jieli 
Published: May 2011

AbstractEarly intervention with intravenous administration of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) reduces infarction size and ameliorates functional deficits in rat ischemia models. Noggin, an inhibitor of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), has been demonstrated to provide protection from ischemic disease. In the present work, we hypothesize that administering Noggin‐transfected BMSCs enhances BMSC‐induced brain repair after cerebral ischemia. We compared the effects of BMSCs alone and Noggin‐transfected BMSCs (Noggin‐BMSCs) systematically delivered into the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) rat model. Noggin expression in BMSCs was achieved using adenoviral infection together with a green fluorescent protein (GFP) vector to monitor transduction efficiency and facilitate posttransplantation tracking. BMSCs and Noggin‐BMSCs were intravenously injected into the rats 6 hr after MCAo. At 7 days after MCAo, the GFP‐expressing BMSCs and Noggin‐BMSCs were found primarily in the ischemic penumbra, which indicated that the intravenously delivered cells survived and reached in the lesion site. Both BMSC and Noggin‐BMSC treatment significantly promoted neurogenesis in the ipsilateral subventrical zone (SVZ), reduced infarct volume, and led to functional improvement compared with the control group. Moreover, these beneficial effects were significantly greater in the Noggin‐BMSC‐treated group compared with BMSCs alone treatment (P < 0.05). Noggin expression in the ischemic hemisphere was significantly increased in the Noggin‐BMSC‐treated group as revealed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at 7 days after MCAo compared with BMSC‐treated and control groups (P < 0.05). These results indicate that transfection of Noggin in BMSCs enhances BMSC‐induced neuroprotective effects when administered intravenously during the acute phase after stroke. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of plant residues and calcite amendments on soil sodicity
Authors: Ranjbar Faranak , Jalali Mohsen 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe effects of wheat, potato, sunflower, and rape residues and calcite were evaluated in soil that received sodic water. These materials were added to a sandy‐loam soil at a rate of 5%, after which the treated soils were incubated for 1 month at field‐capacity moisture and a temperature of 25°C–30°C. Column leaching experiments using treated soils were then conducted under saturated conditions using water with three sodium‐adsorption ratios (SAR) (0, 10, 40) with a constant ionic strength (50 mmol L–1). The results indicated that the application of plant residues to soils caused an increase in cation‐exchange capacity and exchangeable cations. Leaching experiments indicated that the addition of plant amendments led to increased Na+ leaching and decrease in exchangeable‐sodium percentage (ESP). The ESP of the control soil, after leaching with solutions with an SAR of 10 and 40, increased significantly, but the level of sodification in soils treated with plant residue was lower. Such decreases of soil ESP were greatly affected by the type of plant residues, with the order of: potato‐treated soil > sunflower‐treated soil > rape‐treated soil > wheat‐treated soil > calcite‐treated soil > control soil.
Vertical root distribution in single‐crop and intercropping agricultural systems in Central Kenya
Authors: Neykova Nina , Obando Joy , Schneider Raimund , Shisanya Chris , Thiele‐Bruhn Sören , Thomas Frank M. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIntercropping is an important and widespread land‐management system in the tropics. At two agricultural sites in Central Kenya differing in elevation and soil type Haplic Nitisols (eutric) and Vitric Gleysols (eutric, epiclayic, endoclayic), we investigated the vertical root distributions using the trench wall profile method in single‐crop systems of maize (Zea mays L.) and in intercropping systems of maize and legumes (common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L.; pigeon pea, Cajanus cajan [L.] Millsp.) to test for possible differences in the use of water and nutrient resources. The physico‐chemical soil properties of the sites were similar and imposed no restrictions to the vertical growth of the roots into soil depths of 1.4 m. The vertical distributions of the fine roots (∅︁ 0.5–2 mm) and very fine roots (∅︁ < 0.5 mm) were quantified by calculating the parameter β which was computed from the cumulative fraction (Y) of the root densities along the depth (d) of the soil profiles (Y = 1 – βd). We found no consistent differences between the single‐crop and the intercropping systems in the rooting depth down to 1.4 m. However, higher β values for fine roots of the intercropping systems were indicative of a more homogeneous vertical root distribution than in the single‐crop fields. In the intercropping fields, 50% of the total number of fine roots were distributed over the uppermost 36 cm of the soil, whereas in the single‐crop fields, 50% of the fine roots were concentrated in the uppermost 15–21 cm. Medium‐sized roots (∅︁ > 2–5 mm) were detected in the intercropping fields only. The more homogeneous root distribution in the intercropping fields likely indicates a more efficient use of the limited resources nutrients and water.
Accumulation, distribution, and physiological contribution of oxalic acid and other solutes in an alkali‐resistant forage plant, Kochia sieversiana, during adaptation to saline and alkaline conditions
Authors: Ma Ying , Guo Liquan , Wang Haixiu , Bai Bing , Shi Decheng 
Published: May 2011

AbstractKochia sieversiana (Pall.) C. A. Mey is a forage plant in the family Chenopodiaceae, which can grow in extremely alkalinized grasslands at pH levels of 10 or higher. Kochia sieversiana often contains a large amount of oxalic acid. In the present study, seedlings of K. sieversiana were exposed to the following conditions: nonstress, salt stress (molar ratio of NaCl : Na2SO4 = 1:1, salinity: 200 mM), and alkali stress (molar ratio of NaHCO3 : Na2CO3 = 1:1, salinity: 200 mM). By determining and analyzing various physiological factors such as the concentrations and distribution of different organic acids (including oxalic acid) in various parts of K. sieversiana, the concentrations of inorganic ions (K+, Na+, Cl–, SO$ _4^{2-} $, etc.), the organic solutes (proline, betaine, and soluble sugar) in shoots, and the accumulation and distribution of oxalic acid in K. sieversiana, the physiological contribution of oxalic acid to K. sieversiana adaptability to saline and alkaline conditions was investigated. Results show that oxalic acid mainly accumulated in shoots, and that its concentration was highest in mature functional leaves where photosynthesis productivity was based and lowest in old stems and roots, regardless of plant treatment (nonstress, salt, or alkali conditions). Under nonstress, salt, and alkali conditions, the concentrations of oxalic acid in mature leaves were 8%, 10%, and 12% of their dry weights, respectively, and were 1%, 0.7%, and 0.6% of dry weights, respectively, in roots. There were varying effects of salt and alkali conditions on oxalic acid concentrations in different parts of K. sieversiana. Oxalic acid concentration increased in leaves, did not change significantly in young stems, and decreased in old stems and roots. The present analysis shows that oxalic acid exists as an organic anion in K. sieversiana. Consequently, oxalic acid not only plays a crucial role in osmoregulation and pH adjustment, but it also is the dominant contributor of negative charge, playing a key role in maintaining ionic balance in vivo. Oxalic acid in K. sieversiana shoots is a key substance on which the adaptation to saline and alkaline conditions is based.
Iodine biofortification in tomato
Authors: Landini Martina , Gonzali Silvia , Perata Pierdomenico 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIodine is an essential element in the human diet, and iodine deficiency is a significant health problem. No attempts to increase iodine content in plant‐derived food (biofortification) have so far been particularly effective. We studied iodine uptake in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) to evaluate whether it is possible to increase the iodine concentration in its fruits. Iodine translocation and storage inside tomato tissues were studied using radioactive iodine. Potassium iodide was also supplied at different concentrations to tomato plants to evaluate the resulting iodide concentration both in the vegetative tissues and the fruits. The results indicate that iodine was taken up better when supplied to the roots using hydroponically grown plants. However, a considerable amount of iodine was also stored after leaf treatment, suggesting that iodine transport through phloem also occurred. We found that tomato plants can tolerate high levels of iodine, stored both in the vegetative tissues and fruits at concentrations that are more than sufficient for the human diet. We conclude that tomato is an excellent crop for iodine‐biofortification programs.
Patterns of activity and fatality of migratory bats at a wind energy facility in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Baerwald Erin F. , Barclay Robert M. R. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractStudying migratory behavior of bats is challenging. Thus, most information regarding their migratory behavior is anecdotal. Recently, however, fatalities of migratory bats at some wind energy facilities across North America have provided the opportunity and impetus to study bat migration at fine spatial and temporal scales. Using acoustic monitoring and carcass searches, we examined temporal and spatial variation in activity levels and fatality rates of bats at a wind energy facility in southern Alberta, Canada. Our goals were to better understand the influence of weather variables and turbine location on the activity and fatality of hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus) and silver‐haired bats (Lasionycteris noctivagans), and to use that understanding to predict variation in fatality rates at wind energy facilities and recommend measures to reduce fatalities. Overall activity of migratory bats and of silver‐haired bats increased in low wind speeds and warm ambient temperatures, and was reduced when the wind was from the North or Northeast, whereas hoary bat activity increased with falling barometric pressure. Fatalities of migratory bats in general increased with increased activity of migratory bats, increased moon illumination, and falling barometric pressure and were influenced by the interaction between barometric pressure change and activity. Fatalities of silver‐haired bats increased with increased activity, moon illumination, and winds from the south‐east. Hoary bat fatalities increased with falling barometric pressure. Our results indicate that both the activity and fatality of migratory bats are affected by weather variables, but that species differ in their responses to environmental conditions. Spatially, fatalities were not influenced by the position of turbines within a turbine row, but were influenced by the location of turbines within the facility. Our findings have implications for our understanding of bat migration and efforts to reduce fatalities at wind energy facilities. To maximize the reduction of bat fatalities, operators of wind energy facilities could incorporate migratory bats' response to environmental variables, such as barometric pressure and fraction of moon illuminated, into their existing mitigation strategies. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Spatial patch occupancy patterns of the Lower Keys marsh rabbit
Authors: Eaton Mitchell J. , Hughes Phillip T. , Nichols James D. , Morkill Anne , Anderson Chad 
Published: May 2011

AbstractReliable estimates of presence or absence of a species can provide substantial information on management questions related to distribution and habitat use but should incorporate the probability of detection to reduce bias. We surveyed for the endangered Lower Keys marsh rabbit (Sylvilagus palustris hefneri) in habitat patches on 5 Florida Key islands, USA, to estimate occupancy and detection probabilities. We derived detection probabilities using spatial replication of plots and evaluated hypotheses that patch location (coastal or interior) and patch size influence occupancy and detection. Results demonstrate that detection probability, given rabbits were present, was <0.5 and suggest that naïve estimates (i.e., estimates without consideration of imperfect detection) of patch occupancy are negatively biased. We found that patch size and location influenced probability of occupancy but not detection. Our findings will be used by Refuge managers to evaluate population trends of Lower Keys marsh rabbits from historical data and to guide management decisions for species recovery. The sampling and analytical methods we used may be useful for researchers and managers of other endangered lagomorphs and cryptic or fossorial animals occupying diverse habitats. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.