bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of copper germanate nanowires with good electrochemical sensing properties
Authors: Pei L. Z. , Wang J. F. , Yang L. J. , Dong Y. P. , Wang S. B. , Fan C. G. , Hu J. L. , Zhang Q. F. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractTernary copper germanate nanowires have been synthesized by the hydrothermal deposition route in an autoclave using germanium dioxide and copper oxide powders as the starting materials as well as the copper germanate nanowires have been investigated for cysteine sensing characteristics. The nanowires with the length of several dozens of micrometers are mainly composed of single crystalline orthorhombic CuGeO3, which are supported by X‐ray diffraction, selected area electron diffraction, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectrum. Room temperature photoluminescence spectrum exhibits strong green light emission ability at 535.4 nm with a broad emission band. The copper germanate nanowires may be controlled grown by controlling the growth conditions of the nanowires. The nanowire growth process is explained using a solid state growth mechanism. The electrochemical analysis demonstrates that the copper germanate nanowires serve as a good electrochemical sensor with excellent electrochemical sensing ability for cysteine and catalytic ability for electron‐transfer process. The electrochemical result of the copper germanate nanowires presents an important advance toward the application for electrochemical sensors operating at room temperature. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Expanding the clinical use of standard OGTT: the percentage increment of 2 h with respect to fasting glucose as an index of β‐cell dysfunction
Authors: Carnevale Schianca G. P. , Mella R. , Scaglia E. , Bigliocca M. , Colli E. , Fra Gian Paolo , Bartoli E. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAimsSince glucose levels during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) are determined both by insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion, we investigated whether the percentage increment (PG%) of 2‐h plasma glucose (2hPG) over fasting plasma glucose (FPG) is related to validated indexes of insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion.MethodsUsing Stumvoll's formulas we calculated estimated insulin sensitivity index and first‐phase insulin secretion in 1281 subjects who underwent a standard OGTT. The ratio first‐phase insulin secretion/(1/estimated insulin sensitivity index) was considered a surrogate index of β‐cell function. For each subject we calculated PG% using the formula: [(2hPG − FPG)/FPG] × 100. For each glucose tolerance group we formed tertiles based on PG% values.ResultsIn each glucose tolerance group, β‐cell function was better preserved in lower PG% tertiles, demonstrating a correlation between PG% and insulin resistance.ConclusionsBy a simple calculation, our study allows, expansion of the clinical use of OGTT to recognize subjects liable to further worsening of glucose homeostasis, independent from glucose tolerance groupings. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implementation of the biological passport: The experience of the International Cycling Union
Authors: Zorzoli Mario , Rossi Francesca 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe concept of the biological passport is to evaluate, on an individual and longitudinal basis, the effects of doping substances and prohibited methods—blood doping and gene doping—on the body. Indirect biological markers can be measured and used to establish an individual's biological profile, when variations in an athlete's profile are found to be incompatible with physiological or medical conditions; a disciplinary procedure may be launched on the presumption that a prohibited substance or method has been used. As such, an athlete with a biological passport is his or her own reference.The International Cycling Union (UCI) launched the biological passport programme in January 2008 in cooperation with the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA). The UCI programme includes more than 850 athletes. These athletes are subject to urinary and blood anti‐doping tests both in‐ and out‐of‐competition several times a year. Almost 20 000 samples were collected in 2008 and 2009.In this article, the real‐time process from sample collection to the opening of a disciplinary procedure is described. The establishment of this large‐scale programme is discussed; the modalities which have to be applied and the difficulties encountered are presented. As for the results, some examples of normal and abnormal profiles are illustrated and indirect deterrent advantages of the programme are shown. Suggestions to improve the efficacy of the fight against doping through the implementation of the biological passport are discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multi‐level interactions in a sustainable development context: different routes for Flanders to decision‐making in the UN commission on sustainable development
Authors: Van den Brande Karoline , Happaerts Sander , Bruyninckx Hans 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis article focuses on how subnational governments try to be part of the global sustainable development debate. In particular, it looks at the Belgian subnational government of Flanders and decision‐making in the UN Commission on Sustainable Development. Subnational entities, such as Flanders, are not directly represented in global multilateral organizations and thus need to find other ways if they want to be involved. Yet, those organizations play an important role, for example with regard to agenda‐setting and the formulation of global sustainable development goals. Starting from a multi‐level governance perspective, we use a typology of four routes, along the dimensions intra‐ and extra‐state and intra‐ and extra‐European, that subnational governments have at their disposal. In each of those routes multiple interactions take place between different levels of government. We show that the Flemish government has most extensively used intra‐state routes, first and foremost because of the constitutional opportunities it has within the Belgian institutional context. Extra‐state routes that bypass the state are used less, because greater access is possible through the state and because those routes require a higher investment in financial and human resources. A direct consequence of the use of the intra‐state routes is the important role that has to be ascribed to the interactions between the Flemish and the federal level of government. Those interactions are steered by specific intra‐Belgian arrangements and shape how Flanders can be involved. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Influence of the Introduction of Cyanido and Phosphane Ligands in Multifunctionalized (Mercaptomethyl)silane [FeFe] Hydrogenase Model Systems
Authors: Apfel Ulf‐Peter , Halpin Yvonne , Görls Helmar , Vos Johannes G. , Weigand Wolfgang 
Published: December 2010

AbstractCyanido‐ and phosphane‐substituted [FeFe] hydrogenase models are known to show increased basicity of the [2Fe2S] cluster. Following our continued interest in [2Fe2S(Si)] compounds, substitution reactions of such complexes with tetraethylammonium cyanide as well as triphenylphosphane were investigated to yield the respective monosubstituted triphenylphosphane complexes 2a–c and cyanido complexes 3a–c. Cyclic voltammetry was used to investigate the electrocatalytic H2 formation with acetic acid.
A Decade of Octacyanides in Polynuclear Molecular Materials
Authors: Sieklucka Barbara , Podgajny Robert , Korzeniak Tomasz , Nowicka Beata , Pinkowicz Dawid , Kozieł Marcin 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe aim and the scope of this review is to show the results of ten years of research following the first reports on magnetic and photomagnetic assemblies constructed from [M(CN)8]n–. It is illustrated on the basis of our own work as well as a wide range of studies carried out in numerous laboratories around the world. The diversity and evolution of topological and structural patterns is discussed alongside synthetic strategies, which led to the establishment of regular magnetostructural correlations in selected 3D systems. Different types of functionality observed in solid phases are presented with special attention devoted to tuning of magnetic properties by physical and chemical stimuli. Examples of advanced properties discovered in octacyanometallate‐based magnetic materials comprise SMMs (single molecule magnets) and SCMs (single chain magnets), nonlinear effects MSHG (magnetization‐induced second harmonic generation) and chirality, SCO (spin crossover) and luminescence. The potential of the development of octacyanometallate‐based coordination assemblies towards addressable, multifunctional molecular materials for future application is discussed.
Simultaneous isolation of DNA, RNA, and protein from Medicago truncatula L.
Authors: Xiong Junbo , Yang Qingchuan , Kang Junmei , Sun Yan , Zhang Tiejun , Margaret Gruber , Ding Wang 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe describe a method for the simultaneous extraction of proteins and nucleic acids from Medicago truncatula tissues. Using a modified TRIzol reagent method, we developed a simple and an effective way to simultaneously extract proteins and nucleic acids from a single sample. We verified that this method does not affect the quality or quantitation of the isolated DNA and RNA. Furthermore, we used 2‐DE to compare M. truncatula leaf, stem, and root samples processed using this new method with two commonly used methods: phenol extraction/methanol–ammonium acetate precipitation and trichloroacetic acid/acetone precipitation. The results showed that our method was superior to the other methods, based on 2‐DE patterns. We also demonstrated that our protocol is compatible with proteomic analysis, as 10 out of 14 selected proteins isolated by the method were identified by MALDI‐TOF‐MS/MS. The protocol described can be used with sample preparation protocols for proteomic, transcriptomic, and genomic studies.
What are the top five essential features of a high quality eating disorder service? A comparison of the views of US and UK eating disorder sufferers, carers and health professionals.
Authors: Nishizono‐Maher Aya , Escobar‐Koch Tatiana , Ringwood Susan , Banker Judith , van Furth Eric , Schmidt Ulrike 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to identify what are the main features of a high quality eating disorders service and to triangulate the views of patients, carers and health professionals in a cross‐national (USA, UK) survey.MethodsData from an internet survey were subjected to content analysis and common themes were identified.ResultsAll six stakeholder groups (US and UK patients, carers and health professionals) included the professional qualities of staff amongst their top five quality features. Personal qualities of staff, support for carers and psychological interventions were mentioned by four of the six groups, Support for service users and nutritional assistance was mentioned by three groups. Availability/access and Rapid access to care were mentioned by UK Carers and UK health care personnel. Medical assistance was only mentioned by US health care professionals and flexible care only by UK sufferers.ConclusionThis study suggests many similarities and some differences between different stakeholders from two countries with different health care systems in their views on quality of care. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Empirical Support for a Reclassification of Eating Disorders NOS
Authors: Helverskov J. L. , Lyng B. , Clausen L. , Mors O. , Frydenberg M. , Thomsen P. H. , Rokkedal K. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the empirical support for a reclassification of the eating disorders NOS (EDNOS) category.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional design eight specific subgroups of EDNOS were compared to anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) on interview‐based data and questionnaire measures. The sample consisted of 965 patients in the age 13–54 years admitted to treatment for an eating disorder.ResultsAccording to the DSM‐IV 176(18%) presented with AN, 290(30%) with BN and 499(52%) with EDNOS. Of all EDNOS cases 34% could be reclassified as AN or BN. Three specific subgroups emerged as separate diagnostic entities. A heterogeneous subgroup of 122 patients (13% of all) was proposed as ‘true’ EDNOS. Implications of the results on the DSM‐V are discussed.ConclusionsThe results support a broader definition of AN and BN and suggest subgroups of EDNOS as separate diagnostic entities. This results in a substantial reduction of the heterogeneous EDNOS group. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
The role of aridification in constraining the elevation range of Holocene solifluction processes and associated landforms in the periglacial belt of the Sierra Nevada (southern Spain)
Authors: Oliva Marc , Schulte Lothar , Ortiz Antonio Gómez 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTClimate variability during the Mid‐Late Holocene has influenced the activity of geomorphic processes in the current periglacial belt of the Sierra Nevada. We studied two types of sedimentary records that reveal a synchronous timing for slope instability in this high semi‐arid massif: solifluction landforms and mountain lake sediments. Lithological and sedimentological properties of both records have recorded numerous cycles of different magnitude of slope processes in the massif. Solifluction deposits record seven phases of solifluction activity and soil development during the last 7 ka bp and lake sediments show evidence of eight periods with increased geomorphic activity in the catchments over the last 6 ka bp. Although present‐day climate conditions do not promote active solifluction processes in the Sierra Nevada, colder and wetter periods during the Holocene triggered solifluction and transported coarse‐grained sediments into the lakes. By contrast, warm phases favoured soil formation and spread an incipient vegetation cover over the headwaters of the highest valleys, diminishing the grain size of the particles reaching the lakes. Lake sediments record an aridification trend in the massif intensifying since 4·2 ka bp that has conditioned solifluction activity to shift gradually to higher elevations. During major cooler phases such as the Little Ice Age active solifluction was recorded back down to 2500 m altitude. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measuring the willingness to pay to avoid guilt: estimation using equilibrium and stated belief models
Authors: Bellemare Charles , Sebald Alexander , Strobel Martin 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe estimate structural models of guilt aversion to measure the population level of willingness to pay (WTP) to avoid feeling guilt by letting down another player. We compare estimates of WTP under the assumption that higher‐order beliefs are in equilibrium (i.e., consistent with the choice distribution) with models estimated using stated beliefs which relax the equilibrium requirement. We estimate WTP in the latter case by allowing stated beliefs to be correlated with guilt aversion, thus controlling for a possible source of a consensus effect. All models are estimated using data from an experiment of proposal and response conducted with a large and representative sample of the Dutch population. Our range of estimates suggests that responders are willing to pay between €0.40 and €0.80 to avoid letting down proposers by €1. Furthermore, we find that WTP estimated using stated beliefs is substantially overestimated (by a factor of two) when correlation between preferences and beliefs is not controlled for. Finally, we find no evidence that WTP is significantly related to the observable socio‐economic characteristics of players. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reexamination of the π‐bond strengths within H2C=XHn systems: A theoretical study
Authors: Chen Jun‐Xian , Kim Chang Kon , Lee Hai Whang , Xue Ying , Kim Chan Kyung 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe accurate determination of π‐bond energies, Dπ, in doubly‐bonded species has been an important issue in theoretical chemistry. The procedure using the divalent state stabilization energy defined by Walsh has been suggested, and the procedure seems to be conceptually reasonable and applicable to all kinds of doubly‐bonded species. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine whether the procedure could be a reliable methodology for estimating the Dπ values for a variety of H2C=XHn species. To achieve a higher accuracy, the Dπ values were estimated at QCISD(T)/6‐311++G(3df,2p) level of theory combined with isogyric correction. The Dπ values estimated in this work were in excellent agreement with the extant literature values. On the other hand, in determining accurate Dπ values for doubly bonded species, especially in species with lone‐pair electrons such as H2C=O, it has been found that consideration of highly sophisticated electron correlation effects could be important. However, sufficiently accurate Dπ values have been obtainable at QCISD(T) or CCSD(T) levels with a 6‐311++G(3df,2p) basis set on geometries at relatively inferior correlated levels such as MP2 and B3LYP levels with a 6‐31+G(d) basis set. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011
Passivity–preserving interpolation‐based parameterized model order reduction of PEEC models based on scattered grids
Authors: Ferranti Francesco , Antonini Giulio , Dhaene Tom , Knockaert Luc 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe increasing operating frequencies and decreasing IC feature size call for 3‐D electromagnetic (EM) methods, such as the Partial Element Equivalent Circuit (PEEC) method, as necessary tools for the analysis and design of high‐speed systems. Very large systems of equations are often generated by 3‐D EM methods and model order reduction (MOR) techniques are commonly used to reduce such a high model complexity. A typical design process includes optimization and design space exploration, and hence requires multiple simulations for different design parameter values. Traditional MOR techniques perform model reduction only with respect to frequency and such design activities call for parameterized MOR (PMOR) methods that can reduce large systems of equations with respect to frequency and other design parameters of the circuit, such as geometrical layout or substrate characteristics.We present a novel PMOR technique applicable to the PEEC method that provides parametric reduced order models, stable and passive by construction, over a user defined design space. We treat the construction of parametric reduced order models on scattered design space grids. Pertinent numerical examples validate the proposed approach. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing longitudinal change of and dynamic relationships among role stressors, job attitudes, turnover intention, and well‐being in neophyte newcomers
Authors: Vandenberghe Christian , Panaccio Alexandra , Bentein Kathleen , Mignonac Karim , Roussel Patrice 
Published: December 2010

AbstractUsing a latent growth modeling (LGM) approach, this paper examines the trajectories of change in role stressors (ambiguity, conflict, and overload), job attitudes (affective commitment and job satisfaction), and turnover intention and psychological well‐being among neophyte newcomers, as well as the relationships among these changes. Based on a sample of 170 university alumni surveyed three times during the first months of employment, we found that role conflict and role overload increased, affective commitment and job satisfaction declined, and turnover intention increased over the course of the study. Role ambiguity and well‐being did not change. The initial levels of affective commitment, job satisfaction, and well‐being were positively related to the increase in role overload, while the initial level of turnover intention was related to a reduced increase in role overload over time. We also found that the increase in role overload and role conflict was associated with a decline in affective commitment and job satisfaction, respectively, and that the decrease in affective commitment and satisfaction was related to an increase in turnover intention. We discuss the implications of these findings. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitation of antioxidants in water samples using ionic liquid dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by high‐performance liquid chromatography‐ultraviolet detection
Authors: Sobhi Hamid Reza , Kashtiaray Amir , Farahani Hadi , Farahani Mohammad Reza 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA simple and efficient method, ionic liquid‐based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with high‐performance liquid chromatography‐ultraviolet detection (HPLC‐UV), has been applied for the extraction and determination of some antioxidants (Irganox 1010, Irganox 1076 and Irgafos 168) in water samples. The microextraction efficiency factors were investigated and optimized: 1‐hexyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [C6MIM][PF6] (0.06 g) as extracting solvent, methanol (0.5 mL) as disperser solvent without salt addition. Under the selected conditions, enrichment factors up to 48‐fold, limits of detection (LODs) of 5.0–10.0 ng/mL and dynamic linear ranges of 25–1500 ng/mL were obtained. A reasonable repeatability (RSD≤11.8%, n=5) with satisfactory linearity (r2≥0.9954) of the results illustrated a good performance of the presented method. The accuracy of the method was tested by the relative recovery experiments on spiked samples, with results ranging from 85 to 118%. Finally, the method was successfully applied for determination of the analytes in several real water samples.
Highly efficient proteome analysis with combination of protein pre‐fractionation by preparative microscale solution isoelectric focusing and identification by μRPLC‐MS/MS with serially coupled long microcolumn
Authors: Tao Dingyin , Sun Liangliang , Zhu Guijie , Liang Yu , Liang Zhen , Zhang Lihua , Zhang Yukui 
Published: December 2010

AbstractTo improve the efficiency of proteome analysis, a strategy with the combination of protein pre‐fractionation by preparative microscale solution isoelectric focusing, peptide separation by μRPLC with serially coupled long microcolumn and protein identification by ESI‐MS/MS was proposed. By preparative microscale solution isoelectric focusing technique, proteins extracted from whole cell lysates of Escherichia coli were fractionated into five chambers divided by isoelectric membranes, respectively with pH range from 3.0 to 4.6, 4.6 to 5.4, 5.4 to 6.2, 6.2 to 7.0 and 7.0 to 10.0. Compared to the traditional on‐gel IFF, the protein recovery could be obviously improved to over 95%. Subsequently, the enriched and fractionated proteins in each chamber were digested, and further separated by a 30‐cm long serially coupled RP microcolumn. Through the detection by ESI‐MS/MS, about 200 proteins were identified in each fraction, and in total 835 proteins were identified even with one‐dimensional μRPLC‐MS/MS system. All these results demonstrate that by such a combination strategy, highly efficient proteome analysis could be achieved, not only due to the in‐solution protein enrichment and pre‐fractionation with improved protein recovery but also owing to the increased separation capacity of serially coupled long μRPLC columns.
An examination of US hotel firms' risk features and their determinants of systematic risk
Authors: Kim Hyunjoon , Kim Jiyoung , Gu Zheng 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis study examined risk features of hotel firms and the determinants of their systematic risk. After reviewing the financial data for 31 US hotel firms from 2004 through 2008, we found that 86% of the hotel firms' total risk could be characterized as unsystematic risk. The results showed that while debt leverage and growth are positively related to systematic risk, firm size is negatively associated with such risk. Our findings suggest that conservative growth via mergers and acquisitions, and less reliance on debt financing is advisable for hotel firms seeking to reduce systematic risk and enhance firm value. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.