bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INSIGHTS INTO CHRYSIN'S PROTECTIVE MECHANISTIC PATHWAYS AGAINST ISOPROTERENOL-INDUCED CARDIAC HYPERTROPHY AND FIBROSIS IN RATS
Authors: Srivastava Arti , Verma Vipin Kumar , Bhatia Jagriti , Arya Dharamveer Singh 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
Cardiac hypertrophy is associated with the enlargement of cardiomyocytes in response to the persistent release of catecholamine, leading to cardiac fibrosis. Chrysin is a natural flavonoid, present in plants, honey, and propolis, with multifarious properties like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and antiapoptotic. This study aims to determine the cardioprotective potential of chrysin against isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in rats

Design and method:
The male Wistar rats were divided into seven groups (n=6): normal control (carboxymethyl cellulose at 0.5% p.o; normal saline), experimental control (ISO 3mg/kg; s.c), Treatment control (Chrysin 15 mg/kg,30 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg + ISO at 3mg/kg; s.c respectively), perse control (chrysin 60mg/kg) and standard control (losartan 10mg/kg p.o+ ISO at 3mg/kg; s.c) treated for 28 days. On the 29th day, rats underwent surgery and hemodynamic parameters were recorded after sacrificed blood and heart were excised for biochemical, histological, ultrastructural, and molecular evaluations.

Results:
Our findings show that ISO administration significantly increases heart weight: body weight ratio, pro-oxidants, inflammatory and cardiac injury markers. In addition, histopathological, ultrastructural, and molecular studies showed deteriorative changes. While, pre-treatment with chrysin 60mg/kg ameliorated ISO-induced myocardium damage and protected cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis through anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-antioxidant, and anti-fibrotic pathways

Conclusions:
Data suggest that chrysin mitigates myocardial hypertrophy and prevents fibrosis via activation of the transforming growth factor-beta /Smad signaling pathway
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CIRCADIAN BLOOD PRESSURE PROFILE AND LEFT ATRIAL MECHANICS, ARTERIAL STIFFNESS AND LEFT VENTRICULAR PERFORMANCE IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS
Authors: Olszanecka Agnieszka , Stopa Marek , Jamros Jan , Jakubowski Wojciech , Sordon Krzysztof , Dadanski Emil , Rajzer Marek 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
Background: The left atrium plays a crucial role in managing left ventricular filling and contractility through its functions as a reservoir, conduit, and boost pump. Consequently, the interaction between the left atrium(LA), left ventricle(LV), and the arterial system appears as a critical determinant of comprehensive cardiovascular performance. Non-dipping profile of blood pressure(BP) in 24-hr monitoring(ABPM) is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, including atrial fibrillation and stroke.
We aimed to investigate the association between LA mechanics, LV performance, arterial stiffness and circadian rhythm of BP in essential hypertension.

Design and method:
Hypertensive patients without overt cardiovascular disease were recruited. In all subjects 24-hr ABPM and extended echocardiographic image acquisition protocol were performed(Vivid E95, GE). Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity(PWV) was measured with the SphygmoCor device(Atcor Medical). All analyses, including LV global longitudinal strain(GLS) and LA reservoir strain(LAR), LA conduit strain(LACD), LA booster pump strain(LACT) were performed off-line. The related factors were evaluated by multivariate linear regression analysis to find the independent factors. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS statistics software

Results:
Study group included 219 patients(age 55.3±13.5 years, 55% females). According to BP patterns patients were divided into two groups: non-dippers(n=53), presenting with <10% reduction in both systolic and diastolic BP at nighttime, and dippers(n=166). Non-dippers were older(61.3±11.3 vs 54.2±13.7 years, p<0.01) and exhibited higher BMI(30.2±4.9 vs 28.6±4.5 kg/m2 p<0.01). There were no differences between groups in office BP(non-dippers 128.3±13.3/72.9±9.5 vs 128.1±14.6/75.8±10.8 mmHg in dippers), neither 24hr BP(124.2±13.3/73.5±9.6 vs 121.4±11.5/74.2±7.1 mmHg, respectively). After adjustments for age and BMI, in the non-dipper group higher PWV(8.3±1.2 vs 7.9±1.2, p=0.05) and LACD(-14.7±5.7 vs -17.0±6.7, p<0.001) were observed, with no-differences in LV GLS(-20.7±3.3 vs -19.8±3.9; NS). Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that age(p<0.001), office(p<0.001) and nighttime SBP(p=0.008)(but not dipping status, p=0.50), diabetes(p=0.02) and creatinine level(p=0.02) were independently corelated with PWV. LACD was independently corelated with age(p<0.001), LV mass(p=0.04) and LV GLS(p=0.03)

Conclusions:
Arterial stiffness and left atrial performance are associated with circadian rhythm of BP. Nocturnal systolic BP but not dipping profile is the independent risk factor of worse arterial and left atrial performance.
DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH IN PRIMARY HEALTHCARE FOR CARDIAC AMYLOIDOSIS: CASE REPORT
Authors: Chyczij Fabiana , Alexandre Jose 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
Cardiac amyloidosis occurs through the accumulation of amyloid in cardiac tissue, This is the most common form of restrictive cardiomyopathy in the Western world. In recent years, significant advances in the knowledge of cardiac amyloidosis have been consolidated, bringing a profound reformulation of its clinical meaning.
The purpose of this case report is to demonstrate the importance of primary health care in the suspicion and diagnosis of patients with cardiac amyloidosis.

Design and method:
Interview with patient, bibliographical review and revision of medical records.

Results:
We describe here, the case of a 70-year-old caucasian man with no known personal or family history. He was consulted by his family doctor for unmedicated essential arterial hypertension associated with progressive worsening of fatigue during light exertion over 4 months of evolution.
On physical examination, he was normotensive, tachycardic and had symmetrical bimalleolar edema.
The electrocardiogram demonstrated atrial fibrillation with a heart rate of 100 - 120 bpm without other changes. Transthoracic echocardiogram showed dilation of the left ventricle, markedly thickened walls and hyperechogenic appearance, diffuse hypokinesia with compromised ejection fraction (±21%); binaural dilation and dilated right ventricle (RV) with compromised longitudinal function; without significant valvular changes. He started oral hypocoagulation and beta-blockers and was referred to a Cardiology consultation.
Cardiac magnetic resonance demonstrated changes phenotypic characteristics and pattern of late gadolinium enhancement compatible with cardiac amyloidosis. Scintigraphy with technesium 99 diphosphonic-1,2-propane carboxylic acid (Tc99m-DPD) positive for ATTR amyloidosis.
The diagnosis of heart failure with reduced EF due to ATTR amyloid cardiomyopathy was assumed. Exfoliating therapy with diuretic was performed, prognosis-modifying therapy and Tafamidis were initiated with excellent clinical response.

Conclusions:
Cardiac amyloidosis is a rare pathology, its diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion based on the clinic and the findings of complementary non-invasive tests, particularly transthoracic echocardiography and cardiac resonance.
The family doctor plays a fundamental role not only in early diagnosis, but also in the first therapeutic approach, whenever possible, also referring all situations that require more specialized healthcare at hospital level.
MORIN, A BIOFLAVONOID, ATTENUATES MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY BY ATTENUATING RISK/SAPK PATHWAY
Authors: Bhatia Jagriti , Verma Vipin Kumar , Arya D S 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
It is important to address the impact of rising incidence of mortality and morbidity associated with myocardial infarction (MI). There is need to explore new safer and efficacious drugs with novel mechanisms to manage MI. Morin, (2-(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-3, is a bioflavanoid which is found in Maclura cochinchinensis, Maclura tinctoria, Maclura pomifera and leaves of Psidium guajava. It possesses good anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activity. Hence, we have evaluated the cardio-protective effect of Morin in Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion (IR) injury model of rat.

Design and method:
Male albino Wistar rats were pre-treated with Morin (40 and 80 mg/kg; p.o.) for 28 days and on the 29th day, the chest cavity was opened and myocardial ishemia was induced for 45 minutes by ligatiing the LAD coronary artery. Thereafter, reperfusion was carried out for 60 minutes. The hemodynamic parameters as well as left ventricular pressures (±LV dp/dt and LVEDP) were recorded throughout the ischemia and reperfusion. At the end of the procedure, the blood and heart were collected for evaluation of cardiac-injury markers, antioxidant-oxidant parameters, inflammatory markets, histopathological evaluation and molecular signalling pathway protein expressions.

Results:
Morin pretreatment for 28 days at 40 mg/kg and 80 mg/kg doses significantly controlled hemodynamic parameters, reduced cardiac injury markers, inflammation and apoptosis and reduced oxidative stress and mitigated histological changes following IR injury in rat heart. Morin also downregulated expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic SAPK pathway proteins (p38 and JNK), and upregulated the survival kinase protein expression i.e. RISK pathway (ERK, eNOS).

Conclusions:
Morin reduced myocardial oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in ischemia-reperfusion induced cardiac injury through upregulation of RISK and downregulation of SAPK pathways proteins.
DELETION OF BRADYKININ TYPE 2 RECEPTORS SELECTIVELY IN THE RENOMEDULLARY INTERSTITIAL CELLS OF THE KIDNEY MEDULLA ATTENUATES ANGIOTENSIN II-INDUCED HYPERTENSION IN MICE
Authors: Zhuo Jia Long , Hassan Rumana , El-dahr Samir S , Li Xiao Chun 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
The present study tested the hypothesis that deletion of vasoactive peptide bradykinin B2 receptors selectively in the renomemdullary interstitial cells (RMICs) of the kidney medulla attenuates angiotensin II-induced hypertension in mice.

Design and method:
To test the hypothesis, we employed inducible Tenascin-C-CreER2 and bradykinin B2 receptor-floxed recombination approach to generate a novel mouse model with deletion of B2 receptors selectively in the RMICs of the kidney medulla (RMIC-B2R-/-). Basal blood pressure and urine osmolality and their responses to angiotensin II (Ang II, ∼500 μg/kg/day, i.p., for 2 weeks) were determined in adult male wildtype (WT) and RMIC-B2R-/- mice (n=10 per group), respectively.

Results:
Mice with deletion of B2 receptors selectively in RMICs of the kidney medulla developed normally without structural abnormalities in the kidney medulla. However, basal telemetry systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure were significantly lower in RMIC-B2R-/- than WT mice (WT: 123 ± 3 mmHg vs. RMIC-B2R-/-: 106 ± 3 mmHg, P<0.01). The hypotensive phenotype in RMIC-B2R-/- mice was associated with significant decreases in 24 h urine output (WT: 1.86 ± 0.15 mL/24 h vs. RMIC-B2R-/-: 1.09 ± 0.15 mL/24 h, P<0.05) and urine osmolality (WT: 1893 ± 441 mOsm/Kg H2O vs. RMIC-B2R-/-: 1311 ± 78 mOsm/Kg H2O, P<0.01). In response to Ang II infusion (∼0.5 mg/kg/day, i.p., for 2 weeks), systolic blood pressure increased to 166 ± 6 mmHg in WT mice (P<0.01 vs. Basal), but it increased only to 139 ± 5 mmHg in RMIC-B2R-/- mice (P<0.01 vs. WT). By comparison, infusion of DDAVP (1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin, ∼0.5 mg/kg/day, i.p., for 2 weeks) did not significantly alter blood pressure in WT and RMIC-B2R-/- mice (n.s.). However, infusion of Ang II for 2 weeks significantly increased urine osmolality in WT mice (P<0.01), and restored urine osmolality in RMIC-B2R-/- mice to the WT basal level (1995 ± 315 mOsm/Kg H2O, P<0.01).

Conclusions:
In conclusion, the present study demonstrates for the 1st time that bradykinin B2 receptors in the RMICs of the kidney medulla plays an important role in maintaining basal blood pressure and urine osmolality homeostasis and the development of Ang II-induced hypertension.
ECHINOCOCCUS MULTIOCULARIS IN ADRENAL GLAND - THE UNEXPECTED CAUSE OF SECONDARY HYPERTENSION IN A YOUNG MAN
Authors: Wilk-sledziewska Katarzyna , Leszkowicz Danuta , Anikie Katarzyna , Piotrowska Weronika , Zbroch Aleksandra , Wawierna Julia , Zdanska Adrianna , Wysocka Anna , Malinowska Dominika , Baranowska Magdalena , Cabaj Marta , Czajkowski Mateusz , Gawryluk Mateusz , Zimnowski Mateusz , Nazarko Weronika , Panas Zuzanna , Zbroch Edyta 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
The case report presents the patient with hydatid cyst of Echinococcus multiocularis located in the adrenal gland. Hydatid cysts in adrenal glands occur very rarely, and symptoms are nonspecific. The aim of this case report is to draw attention to atypical causes of arterial hypertension.

Design and method:
Th case report of the male-patient with Echinococcus multiocularis hydatid cyst in right adrenal gland complicated with extensive thrombosis of inferior vena cava and both renal veins, as well as right hepatic vein with preserved marginal flow and developed collateral circulation.

Results:
32-year-old man, with a history of arterial hypertension treated since 3 weeks was admitted to the Department of Internal Medicine and Hypertension due to chest pain and peripheral oedemaMoreover, patient reported lower back pain and high blood pressure values despite of multidrug therapy. Laboratory tests indicated elevated creatinine level and proteinuria. An ultrasound examination revealed kidney enlargement and suspicion of right renal artery stenosis, prompting further investigation.
Angio-CT of the abdomen and pelvis uncovered a contrast-enhanced polycyclic mass with calcifications in the right adrenal gland and several similar lesions in the liver, some of which had star-shaped calcifications. The imaging also revealed extensive thrombosis in the inferior vena cava, renal veins, and right hepatic vein, with preserved marginal flow and developed collateral circulation.
The patient was started on therapeutic anticoagulation with low molecular weight heparin.
After performing a series of diagnostic tests and consultations, the infection of Echinococcus multilocularis was diagnosed by serological tests. Albendazole in a dose of 400 mg twice a day was added to the therapy.
The patient's condition remained stable, and surgical removal of the cysts was planned.

Conclusions:
The case shows how important is collaboration between specialists. Holistic approach to patient enabled to find out the cause of high blood pressure. It was renal vein thrombosis due to Echinococcus multiocularis infection.
LONG-TERM BLOOD PRESSURE VARIATION AND CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS IN PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY ALDOSTERONISM
Authors: Tulak Simili , Luo Qin 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
Blood pressure variability (BPV) has been reported to be associated with cardiovascular risks. Patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) have a high risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, while the association of BPV and cardiovascular events in PA patients is unclear. This study aimed to explore the association of BPV with cardiovascular events in PA patients

Design and method:
This study was a retrospective cohort study. We included hypertensives with confirmed PA in hypertension center of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Autonomous Region between December 2004 and December 2021. BPV includes the variability of the coefficient of variation (CV), standard deviation (SD), and extreme range (MMD). The primary outcomes of the study were first occurring cardiovascular events, including acute coronary syndrome, coronary revascularization (coronary stenting, coronary artery bypass grafting CABG), heart failure, stroke, and death related to CVD disease. Multivariate analysis was performed using logstic regression, including demographic variables (age and sex, BMI, etc.); clinical characteristics (i. e., smoking, drinking fasting glucose, etc.) and mean blood pressure as adjusted covariates; two-sided test at 0.05.R 4.3.1 was used for the above statistical analysis

Results:
The present study included 2483 patients with PA with BP measurement more than three times and more than one month apart, including 1329 male and 1154 female patients. After adjusting for multiple confounding factors (eg., age, gender, duration of hypertension, and history of diabetes mellitus), pulse pressure BPV was significantly associated with cardiovascular disease (OR 1.02, P 0.02.), and systolic SD (0R=1.03; P 0.024) also showed a association of diastolic BPV

Conclusions:
Long-term pulse pressure BPV, systolic pressure SD may be an important clinical implication for prevention of cardiovascular disease in patients with PA.
MITOCHONDRIAL DEACETYLASE SIRTUIN 3 IN THE PROXIMAL TUBULES OF THE KIDNEY PLAYS A PROTECTIVE ROLE AGAINST ANGIOTENSIN II-INDUCED HYPERTENSION AND KIDNEY INJURY IN MICE
Authors: Li Xiao Chun , Hassan Rumana , Katsurada Akemi , Sato Ryosuke , Zhuo Jia Long 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
Sirtuin 3 (Sirt3), a major NAD-dependent deacetylase in the mitochondrial matrix, exerts anti-oxidative, anti-inflammation, and cardiovascular effects by counteracting angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced responses in the mitochondria. The present study tested the hypothesis that Sirt3 in the mitochondria of the proximal tubules plays a protective role against angiotensin Ang II-induced hypertension and kidney injury.

Design and method:
To test the hypothesis, we generated mice with proximal tubule-specific deletion of Sirt3, PT-Sirt3-/-, using the iL-Sglt2-Cre/Sirt3f/f recombination approach. Three groups (n=10 each) of adult male wildtype (WT) and PT-Sirt3-/- mice were infused with Ang II (∼0.5 mg/kg/day, i.p., 2 weeks) or induced with 2 h ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) kidney injury.

Results:
PT-Sirt3-/- mice developed and grew normally without structural abnormalities in the proximal tubules of the kidney. Basal telemetry blood pressure (WT: 118 ± 3 mmHg vs. PT-Sirt3-/-: 102 ± 5 mmHg, P<0.01) and glomerular filtration rate (WT: 165.3 ± 8.4 μl/min vs. PT-Sirt3-/-: 121.3 ± 5.3 μl/min, P<0.01) were significantly lower. However, 24 h urine (WT: 1.38 ± 0.16 mL/24 h vs. PT-Sirt3-/-: 1.82 ± 0.25 mL/24 h, P<0.01) and urinary sodium excretion were higher in adult male PT-Sirt3-/- mice (WT: 158.0 ± 5.2 μmol/24 h vs. PT-Sirt3-/-: 208.0 ± 5.8 μmol/24 h, P<0.01). Deletion of Sirt3 selectively in the proximal tubules significantly increased renin mRNA expression in PT-Sirt3-/- mice (WT: 1173 ± 141 copies/ng RNA vs. PT-Sirt3-/-: 1741 ± 125 copies/ng RNA, P<0.01), but not HIF-1-alpha, fibronectin, or KIM-1 mRNA in the kidney cortex under basal conditions. In response to Ang II infusion, however, deletion of Sirt3 selectively in the proximal tubules of the kidney significantly augmented the pressor response in PT-Sirt3-/- mice (WT: 27 ± 3 mmHg vs. PT-Sirt3-/-: 38 ± 5 mmHg, P<0.01), and increased HIF-1-alpha, TGF-beta1, fibronectin, or KIM-1 mRNA expression in response to 24-h I/R-induced kidney injury (P<0.01).

Conclusions:
Our data support the hypothesis that Sirt3 in the mitochondria of the proximal tubules plays an important protective role against Ang II-induced hypertension and I/R-induced kidney injury.
THE PREVALENCE, CHARACTERISTICS, AND PREDICTORS OF HYPERTENSION PHENOTYPES IN A CHINESE POPULATION
Authors: Huanhuan Miao , Yang Shijie , Zhou Zhangyang , Yin Zheng , Zhang Yuqing 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
Different phenotypes of hypertension are associated with varying degrees of cardiovascular risk. However, there is limited data available regarding the features and predictors of hypertension phenotypes in Chinese populations. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence, characteristics, and predictors of different patterns of hypertension in a Chinese population.

Design and method:
In this study, a cross-sectional design was employed, and a total of 13,073 community participants were included. Hypertension phenotypes were defined as isolated systolic hypertension (ISH, systolic blood pressure (SBP) no less than 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) less than 90 mmHg), isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH, SBP less than 140 mmHg and DBP no less than 90 mmHg), and systolic-diastolic hypertension (SDH, SBP on less than 140 mmHg and DBP no less than 90 mmHg). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were utilized to investigate the predictors of various hypertension phenotypes.

Results:
The mean age of participants was 56.1 years, and 8625 (66%) were women. The prevalence rates of normotension, ISH, IDH, and SDH were 77.7%, 15.6%, 1.2%, and 5.6%, respectively. Compared with the normotensive group, participants with ISH were more likely to be older, men, overweight, obese, presenting with abdominal obesity, artery stiffness, and diabetes, as well as having lower levels of serum creatinine. Patients with IDH demonstrated a higher likelihood of being younger, men, presenting with abdominal obesity, and having higher levels of heart rate compared to normotensive individuals. Furthermore, male gender, alcohol consumption, overweight, obesity, abdominal obesity, artery stiffness, and higher levels of heart rate were predictors for SDH compared to normotension.

Conclusions:
Male gender and abdominal obesity were identified as common risk factors for three phenotypes of hypertension. However, age had a varying effect on the prevalence of distinct patterns of hypertension.
NOVEL ABPM PARAMETERS AND BLOOD PRESSURE PHENOTYPES IN CKD
Authors: Athavale Bahaar , Shah Hardik , Kirpalani Dilip , Kirpalani Ashok 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
Our study aims to compare novel ABPM parameters between CKD and non-CKD patients and also within various subgroups of CKD.

Design and method:
100 consecutive hypertensive patients-{Group A with CKD Stage 1 to 4 (n=50) and Group B - without CKD (n=50)}; underwent measurement of single clinic BP (SOBP, by Omron 7113), averaged automated clinic BP (AOBP, by Omron HEM 907) and 24 hours ABPM (by SunTech Oscar 2).

Results:
When compared with daytime ABPM, mean AOBP (136.8/78.5 mm Hg) correlated significantly better than mean single clinic BP (141.2/81.6 mm Hg); (r=0.75 versus 0.59). Group A had significantly higher (p<0.05) awake, asleep and 24 hour mean systolic BP {144.8, 133.4, 141.9} than Group B {139.6, 125.3, 136.7 mm Hg respectively}. Group A had significantly higher (p=0.03) masked hypertension (38% vs. 20% in Group B). Group A had EMBS (36% vs. 22%, p=0.04) and higher non dipping of BP (60% vs. 46%, p=0.04) as well as nocturnal heart rate (14% vs. 12%, p=0.06) than Group B. BP variability was significantly higher (p<0.05) in Group A (Average real variability: 12.9+4.18 vs. 11.6+3.63; Variability independent of the mean: 24.74+16.25 vs. 22.2+13.3).

Conclusions:
As compared to non-CKD population, CKD patients have higher prevalence of ABPM phenotypes such as masked hypertension, nocturnal hypertension, EMBS and BP variability irrespective of age, stage of CKD and level of control of office BP. Utilization of novel ABPM parameters can guide towards holistic management of hypertension in CKD.