bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges facing Canadian Long-Term Care Homes and Retirement Homes during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Fahim Christine , Hassan Ayaat T. , Quinn de Launay Keelia , Takaoka Alyson , Togo Elikem , Strifler Lisa , Bach Vanessa , Paul Nimitha , Mrazovac Ana , Firman Jessica , Gruppuso Vincenza , Boyd Jamie M. , Straus Sharon 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTCOVID-19 presented a crisis for long-term care homes (LTCHs) and retirement homes (RHs). This study explored the pandemic-related challenges LTCHs and RHs faced and the strategies they used to mitigate them. Ninety-one key informant interviews were conducted with LTCH and RH leadership across 47 homes (33 LTCHs, 14 RHs) in Ontario, Canada from February 2021 to July 2022. Findings confirmed evidence for three main challenges. First, leaders were challenged to implement infection prevention and control protocols and measures. Second, they needed supports to facilitate COVID-19 vaccine access and to promote vaccine confidence. Third, LTCH/RH staff experienced significant well-being challenges in the face of COVID-19 pressures. Findings also reveal a plethora of strategies implemented by homes, with ranging reports of perceived success. Homes’ needs evolved rapidly as the COVID-19 pandemic progressed. The use of a co-creation, responsive and tailored approach to address evolving barriers and meaningfully support homes during emergencies is recommended.Key pointsCOVID-19 challenges in homes persisted over one year into the pandemicWe describe the IPAC, vaccine and wellness challenges faced by LTCH and RHWe used these data to design a congregate care home support program to navigate COVID-19 challenges
A Survey of Open Science Attitudes and Behaviors among US Pharmacy Faculty
Authors: Harpe Spencer E. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectives: To describe the current attitudes, behaviors, and perceived disciplinary norms related to open science practices among full-time pharmacy faculty in the US and to examine differences in attitudes and behaviors across pharmacy disciplines.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the Center for Open Science’s Open Scholarship Survey modules on data sharing, code sharing, materials sharing, preregistration, preprints, and open access publishing were administered to a random sample of 3,200 faculty from the AACP Roster of Pharmacy Faculty as of February 2022. Individuals with at least a 0.8 full-time equivalent faculty appointment in pharmacy practice or one of the pharmaceutical sciences were eligible to participate.Results: Responses were obtained from 663 faculty (502 complete; 161 partial). The most positive attitudes were for open access publishing (overall mean [SD]: 4.1 [0.9]) with the lowest attitudes for study preregistration (3.2 [0.9]) and posting preprints (3.1 [1.1]). Statistically significant differences in attitudes across pharmacy disciplines were identified for data sharing, code sharing, and study preregistration. The most commonly reported open science practice was open access publishing (mean [SD], 27.7% [29.1%]). Study preregistration was the least common (mean [SD], 1.7% [7.0%]). After accounting for respondent and institutional characteristics, differences in open science behaviors were noted across pharmacy disciplines.Conclusion: This study provides a baseline assessment of faculty attitudes towards and engagement in open science practices among US pharmacy faculty. Given the relatively low frequency with which open science practices were reported, there is considerable room for improvement in the uptake of open science practices.
PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH MALARIA INFECTION IN CHILDREN ATTENDING LUANGWA DISTRICT HOSPITAL, ZAMBIA; A FACILITY-BASED CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Mtonga Betina , Nawa Mukumbuta 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionMalaria persists as a major public health issue globally, with sub-Saharan Africa, including Zambia, bearing a disproportionate burden of the disease, necessitating ongoing efforts to combat transmission and improve healthcare access and prevention strategies. This research was aimed at investigating the prevalence and associated risk factors of malaria infection in children attending Luangwa District Hospital, Zambia.MethodsAn analytical cross-sectional study was used and the study population included children attending the Out-Patient Department at Luangwa District Hospital. A structured questionnaire and a checklist were used to collect data on malaria infection status, demographic information, and potential risk factors were collected through interviews, medical records review, and laboratory testing. Prevalence rates were calculated using frequencies, and hypothesis tests using the Chi-square test while logistic regression was used to analyse associated factors to malaria infection.ResultsA total of 400 children with a mean age of five years participated in the study. Malaria was prevalent in two-thirds of the children (66.2%) with over 57.7% of the infected children presenting with a severe form of malaria and 42.3% having mild disease. 60% had a high malaria parasite density, whereas 40% showed a low density of the parasite. The odds of having malaria were higher for children who did not sleep under Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs) compared to children who used ITNs (aOR = 24.6, CI = 10.8, 55.7, p-value < 0.001). Furthermore, children whose parents had a secondary-level education compared to parents with no formal education had 3.3 times increased odds of having malaria (aOR = 3.3, CI = 1.09, 9.98, p = 0.034). On the other hand, gender, age of the child, and age of the parent were not significantly associated with malaria infection.ConclusionThis study found a high prevalence of malaria of 66% among children who attended Luangwa District Hospital indicating that Luangwa is still a hotspot with the low transmission province of Lusaka. Factors associated with malaria included not sleeping under ITNs and secondary education. Factors not associated with malaria included gender, age of the child and age of the parent.
Early B-cell transcription factor-2 defect as a novel cause of lipodystrophy: disruption of the adipose tissue character and integrity
Authors: Foss-Freitas Maria C. , Gilio Donatella , Monteiro da Rocha Andre , Pais Lynn , O’Leary Melanie C. , Rehm Heidi L. , Neidert Adam , Udler Miriam S. , Seale Patrick , Oral Elif A. , Chun Tae-Hwa 
Published: June 2024

SummaryWe report a novel cause of partial lipodystrophy associated with early B cell factor 2 (EBF2) nonsense variant (EBF28:26033143 C>A, c.493G>T, p.E165X) in a patient with an atypical form of partial lipodystrophy. The patient presented with progressive adipose tissue loss and metabolic deterioration at pre-pubertal age.In vitroandin vivodisease modeling demonstrates that theEBF2variant impairs adipogenesis, causing excess accumulation of undifferentiated CD34+cells, extracellular matrix proteins, and inflammatory myeloid cells in subcutaneous adipose tissues. Thus, thisEBF2p.E165X variant disrupts adipose tissue structure and function, leading to the development of partial lipodystrophy syndrome.
Study of the hidden-heavy pentaquarks and
Pcs
states
Authors: Zhang Wen-Xuan , Liu Chang-Le , Jia Duojie 
Published: June 2024

Inspired by the recently observed resonance states PψsΛ(4338)0 and Pcs(4459)0 by LHCb Collaboration in J/ψΛ decay channel, we perform a systematical study of all possible hidden-heavy pentaquarks with strangeness S=0,−1,−2,−3, in unified framework of MIT bag model. The color-spin wave functions in terms of Young-Yamanouchi bases and transformed into baryon-meson couplings are utilized to calculate masses, magnetic moments, and relative partial widths of the hidden-heavy pentaquarks, suggesting that the observed PψsΛ(4338)0 is likely to be a 1/2− compact Pcs pentaquark, and the Pcs(4459)0 favors two-peak structure of 3/2− and 1/2− Pcs states. Our computation indicates that hidden-heavy pentaquarks have the masses around 4.35–4.90 GeV for the Pcs, 11.21–11.67 GeV for the Pbs, 4.73–5.02 GeV for the Pcss, and 11.54–11.77 GeV for the Pbss.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Investigating the impact of technological orientation and innovation orientation on the sustainability and development the industrial sector
Authors: Jaradat Zaid , AL-Hawamleh Ahmad Mtair , Altarawneh Marwan 
Published: June 2024

Purpose
The aim of this study is to investigate technological and innovation orientation contribution to the development and sustainability of the industrial sector.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors gathered the perspectives of many experts who were aware enough of their company’s technical and innovation orientations to participate in this study to understand how technology and innovation orientations may affect sustainability and development. These people included the company managers, accounting department heads, IT department workers and employees in the innovation department. This was accomplished by distributing a thorough questionnaire intended to gather their perspectives.

Findings
The study’s results highlight the significant positive relationship between technological and innovation orientation. Moreover, the study demonstrates that both technological and innovation orientation were found to positively impact the sustainability and development of the industrial sector.

Practical implications
This study provides practical insights for policymakers, industrial managers and innovation supporters in Jordan. Managers can use these insights to reassess technology adoption and innovation strategies. Additionally, investing in staff skills and technology readiness can boost efficiency, competitiveness and long-term growth.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is pioneering research to shed light on the connection between technological orientation, innovation orientation and sustainability and development in the industrial sector, providing valuable insights for policymakers and practitioners alike.
Governance quality and the labor market in the MENA region post-Arab Spring
Authors: Fakih Ali , El Chaar Jana , El Arissy Jad , Kassab Sara Zaki 
Published: June 2024

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the impact of governance quality on total unemployment in general and female unemployment in particular in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, comparing the post-Arab Spring period to the pre-Arab Spring era.Design/methodology/approachA fixed-effects model was used to analyze data from 15 MENA countries from 2002 to 2019.FindingsOur results generally indicate that following the Arab Spring, an enhancement in governance quality is linked with a reduction in unemployment in the MENA region, specifically in the Levant and GCC regions, with this reducing effect being stronger for female unemployment compared to total unemployment. Yet, this trend does not hold in North Africa, where government improvements do not result in better employment.Originality/valueThis study uniquely uncovers the different effects of governance quality on unemployment across sub-regions and sheds light on its significant implications on female unemployment. The findings offer valuable insights for policymakers interested in the relationship between governance quality and economic outcomes in the region.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-12-2022-0826
Developing systems thinking to address climate change
Authors: Lorenzo-Rial María-Asunción , Varela-Losada Mercedes , Pérez-Rodríguez Uxío , Vega-Marcote Pedro 
Published: June 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the presence of systems thinking after an educational proposal on climate sustainability based on reflection and video creation. To evaluate this competency, an evaluation rubric was constructed.

Design/methodology/approach
This research is a case study with a mixed approach. It was carried out with 82 future teachers of Primary Education, making content analysis of the videos made. For the design of the rubric, a specific review of the literature was conducted.

Findings
The results showed that trainee teachers can identify, relate and understand interconnected processes, but have difficulties in thinking temporally or in understanding the hidden dimensions of the system. The results reveal how the development of systems thinking in the Climate Change framework is a complex learning process. The rubric created allowed us to systematize the evaluation by making it possible to assess the subskills involved.

Originality/value
To improve the development of systemic thinking, using real data linked to the consequences of this problem and ICT applications that foster an approximation to future realities is suggested. In addition, conscious and fair decision-making should be promoted on the basis of a transformative education that favors this thinking in interaction with other key competences in sustainability. The innovative rubric allows the evaluation of systemic thinking skills for the study of climate change, conceptualized from the interrelationships of the natural, social and economic dimensions and from its implications for life, on different geographical and temporal levels.
The impact of cutaneous neurofibromas on quality of life and mental health in neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: Dance Brieana , Dardare Alice , Fleming Jane , Siow Sue‐Faye , Schlub Timothy E. , Crawford Hilda , Saunderson Rebecca B. , Wong Claire , Berman Yemima 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe skin manifestations of neurofibromatosis 1 significantly reduce health‐related quality‐of‐life. However, data on the utility of existing surveys in capturing neurofibromatosis 1 skin treatment outcomes are lacking. This quantitative study examined the relationship between clinician‐rated severity and visibility and patient‐rated itch and quality‐of‐life (QoL) to (1) establish baseline levels of skin‐ and condition‐specific‐related QoL, itch, depression and anxiety; (2) identify patient concerns to inform the development and evaluation of skin interventions; and (3) compare the sensitivity of different QoL measures. Validated scales included Skindex‐29, Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), Neurofibromatosis 1‐adult quality‐of‐life (NF1‐AdQOL) questionnaire, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). We recruited 100 participants (response rate: 95%). Of these, 42% reported itch and 23% had probable clinical anxiety. Our cohort had higher levels of anxiety and total HADS scores compared to a control population. Using multivariate regression analysis, increasing visibility significantly predicted poorer QoL using the Skindex‐29, NF1‐AdQOL, and DLQI (p < 0.05); and itch significantly predicted worse QoL in Skindex‐29 and NF1‐AdQOL (p < 0.05). The highest mean scoring questions in Skindex‐29 and NF1‐AdQOL concerned worry about worsening skin disease and embarrassment. The highest mean scoring questions in DLQI were regarding itch, pain, and embarrassment. Items asking specifically about cutaneous neurofibromas (cNF) scored higher than comparable skin‐specific questions (t‐test p value <0.05). In summary, this study provides insights into the factors contributing to impaired QoL, anxiety, and mood in NF1 patients with cutaneous neurofibromas. Key factors identified for use in cNF measures include visibility, itch, anxiety, embarrassment, fears of worsening skin disease, and cNF‐specific questions.
Early‐life demographic processes do not drive adult sex ratio biases and mating systems in sympatric coucal species
Authors: Eberhart‐Hertel Luke , Safari Ignas , Makomba Poyo , Hertel Anne , Goymann Wolfgang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Sex differences in early‐life survival can drive skewed adult sex ratios (ASR), which play an important role in mating tactics and parental sex roles. Among birds, cuckoos exhibit the largest diversity in mating systems and thus represent an interesting system to study sex‐specific demography.

Here we investigate the early‐life survival pathways shaping ASR using long‐term field data and sex‐ and stage‐specific demographic modelling of black coucals and white‐browed coucals—two sympatric Centropus cuckoo species differing in mating system and the extent of sexual size dimorphism.

We hypothesized that sexual size dimorphism would lead to differential juvenile mortality due to the greater energy demands and predation risk of the larger sex during maturation. We expected higher early‐life mortality among large‐bodied females in the sexually dimorphic and classically polyandrous black coucal, whereas no bias should exist in the less dimorphic and monogamous white‐browed coucal.

Both species had balanced hatching sex ratios, but in black coucals, female survival (μ = 0.64 ± 0.061 SD) was lower during the ‘groundling’ phase (i.e. a flightless 3‐week period following nest departure) than male survival (0.70 ± 0.066). Yet, this sex difference in survival was not strong enough to account for the species' male‐biased ASR where 70% of the adult population is male. In white‐browed coucals, survival during maturation exhibited high inter‐individual variation but lacked clear sex differences, reflecting the emergence of a balanced ASR.

In summary, we found no evidence that the strongly male‐biased ASR of black coucals is driven by sex‐specific survival during maturation. In black coucals, the male‐biased ASR must therefore stem from processes occurring later in life: possibly, larger females are more likely to die during migration and/or the recruitment of young females is delayed due to competitive exclusion by more experienced females.

Our results differ from studies on shorebirds, in which sex‐specific mortality of precocial young is related to ASR and mating dynamics. Hence, early‐life sex biases in survival of precocial shorebirds cannot be generalized to other taxonomic groups.

Factors other than early‐life sex biases in survival are likely to be important in shaping adult sex ratios and the associated mating dynamics and social behaviours in altricial coucals.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Cocaine and amphetamine‐regulated transcript improves myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury through PI3K/AKT signalling pathway
Authors: Wang Yachen , Wang Ziwei , Peng Zeyan , Feng Lifeng , Tian Wencong , Zhang Shengzheng , Cao Lei , Li Jing , Yang Liang , Xu Yang , Gao Yang , Liu Jie , Yan Jie , Ma Xiaodong , Sun Wangchun , Guo Lihong , Li Xuan , Shen Yanna , Qi Zhi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMyocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury (MIRI) is a common clinic scenario that occurs in the context of reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction. It has been shown that cocaine and amphetamine‐regulated transcript (CART) can ameliorate cerebral ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury, but the effect of CART on MIRI has not been studied yet. Here, we revealed that CART protected the heart during I/R process by inhibiting apoptosis and excessive autophagy, indicating that CART would be a potential drug candidate for the treatment of MIRI. Further analysis showed that CART upregulated the activation of phospho‐AKT, leading to downregulation of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, apoptosis, oxidative stress and excessive autophagy after I/R, which was inhibited by PI3K inhibitor, LY294002. Collectively, CART attenuated MIRI through inhibition of cardiomyocytes apoptosis and excessive autophagy, and the protective effect was dependent on PI3K/AKT signalling pathway.
Inclusive education: Voices from elementary school principals in the United States
Authors: Arroyo‐Rojas Fabián , Hidalgo‐Kawada Felipe , Watanabe Rio , Fast Danene 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCurrently, schools in the United States are highly diversified and integrated. In other words, the integration of students representing multiple identities and positionalities existing in the same educational spaces is much more common. The purpose of this study was to examine elementary school principals' perspectives on inclusive education. Grounded in social constructionism, the research design was a descriptive case study positioned using qualitative methodology. The primary data sources were semi‐structured one‐on‐one Zoom interviews with four elementary school principals from the Midwestern region of the United States; and researchers' reflexive notes in order to understand how principals understand and deploy inclusion within their respective schools. Based on thematic analysis, in this paper, we constructed the following interrelated themes: (a) building discourses around inclusion from prior educational experiences; (b) culturally responsive leadership as a practice to inclusion; (c) collective feelings of safety, comfort and harmony and (d) the negotiation of privilege. These themes highlighted that the conceptualization and implementation of inclusion heavily prioritize the perspectives of professionals within schools rather than those of the individuals being included.
Slovenia: Political Developments and Data in 2023
Authors: KRAŠOVEC ALENKA 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe political arena was lively in Slovenia, even though no elections or referendums were held in 2023. Both the government and all three governmental parties, especially the biggest one, the Freedom Movement, as a new party, experienced considerable turbulence—such as changes in the parliamentary party group and changes in the four ministerial positions falling within that party's quota. Having previously been the successful manager of an energy company, the Prime Minister encountered a multitude of challenges in the political arena. While the government announced many reforms, it managed to deliver substantially less. It also faced many (threats of) strikes and protests, particularly by public sector employees and farmers. Even though in the first year of its term the government enjoyed high public support, by November 2023, the situation was very different, with just 18 per cent of voters assessing its work as (very) positive. Parallel to this, two opposition parties were facing their own challenges.
The quality of residential aged care in the context of the Australian aged care reforms: A scoping review
Authors: Monro Cathy , Mackenzie Lynette , duToit Sanetta 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveAustralia has been undergoing a major aged care reform process since 2012 focused on consumer‐oriented home and community‐supported care, but little is known about the impact of these reforms on residential aged care delivery. This study aimed to review research about the quality of residential aged care service delivery during the implementation period of these reforms.MethodsThe review followed a five‐stage scoping review framework and searched five databases for articles published between 2012 and February 2022 (the 10‐year implementation period of the reforms). Initial searches identified 495 articles. Articles were imported to Covidence™ for title, abstract and full‐text screening.ResultsTwenty‐two articles were included in the review. Articles were framed using the micro (residents and families)/meso (staff)/macro (governance, government) continuum in the operation of residential aged care facilities. Most articles focused on workforce perspectives.ConclusionsAttention was paid to workforce issues and a limited focus was on consumer experience and expectations. There is a need for an evaluation of the reforms as a vehicle for promoting consumer empowerment. Many contributing factors to quality of care were identified, and there were some quality issues that were contrary to the intended objectives of the reforms. These warrant closer attention.