bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Angiographic and clinical outcomes from 396 aneurysms treated with the pipeline flex embolization device with shield technology
Authors: Lylyk Ivan , Scrivano Esteban , Lundquist Javier , Bleise Carlos , Perez Nicolas , Lylyk Pedro Nicolas , Nella-Castro Rodolfo , Lylyk Pedro 
Published: May 2024

Background The PEDESTRIAN registry demonstrated high rates of complete long-term occlusion and good clinical outcomes among patients with intracranial aneurysms treated with the pipeline embolization device. The pipeline flex embolization device with shield technology was introduced to minimize thromboembolic complications. In this study, we investigated the safety and effectiveness of pipeline embolization device with shield technology among all patients treated for intracranial aneurysms at our center. Methods This was a single-arm retrospective study of prospectively collected data of patients treated with pipeline embolization device with shield technology at our high-volume center between January 2018–January 2021. The primary efficacy endpoint was complete occlusion as measured by a class 1 Raymond-Roy score at 1-year and 2-year follow-up. The primary safety endpoint was major morbidity and neurological mortality up to 1 year following intervention. Results A total of 328 patients (mean age 56.1 ± 14.7 years; 81.1% female), 80 of whom were previously included in PEDESTRIAN, with 396 aneurysms, were analyzed. A total of 378 devices were deployed, with 93.9% (372/396) of aneurysms requiring only one device. Follow-up angiography was available for 90.2% (296/328) of the procedures after a mean time of 14.0 ± 8.2 months. Complete occlusion was demonstrated for 78.5% (132/168) of aneurysms at 12 months and 90.7% (98/108) at 24 months. The overall rates of major morbidity and neurological mortality after 2 years were 1.5% (5/328) and 0.6% (2/328), respectively. Conclusion Our results demonstrate high rates of complete long-term occlusion among patients treated with pipeline embolization device with shield technology. We also observed low rates of mortality and morbidity consistent with fewer thromboembolic complications with pipeline embolization devices with shield technology.
Vertebral Endplate Defects Induced Mechanical Alterations and Disc Calcification
Authors: Imran Sumera , Latif Rabia , Ahmad Ijaz , Ilyas Muhammad Saad , Aziz Amer , Zehra Uruj 
Published: May 2024

Study Design Cross sectional comparative study. Objectives The current study aims to explore the calcification potential (BMP2 expression) of intervertebral discs and its association with the presence of vertebral endplate defects visible on MRI. Methods Forty-seven herniated lumbar disc samples obtained from patients aged 20-76 (31 M/16F) undergoing surgery. Five-µm thin sections were stained with H&E in order to assign a histological degeneration score (HDS) from 0-15 on the basis of cell density (0-5), structural alterations (0-4), granular changes (0-3) and mucus degeneration (0-3). Sections were immuno-stained with anti BMP-2 antibodies to observe the calcification potential in these discs. In addition, pre-operativeT2-T1 W MRI images of the lumbar spine were analyzed for the presence and type (typical or atypical) of vertebral endplate defects, grade of disc degeneration (Pfirrmann grade I-V), presence of high intensity zones (HIZ), and Modic changes at the operated level. Results Vertebral endplate defects, Modic changes & HIZ were observed in 81%, 29% and 21% of patients respectively. Mean HDS & BMP-2 expression was 9 ± 2 and mean 71 ± 36 spots/mm2 respectively. Discs with adjacent vertebral endplate defects showed increased cell density ( P = .004), mucus degeneration ( P = .002), HDS ( P = .01) and BMP-2 expression ( P = .01). Discs with HIZ also had increased HDS, but significance was seen with increased BMP2 expression ( P = .006). HDS showed a positive correlation with BMP 2 expression (r = .30, P = .04). Conclusion These findings suggest that the altered mechanical environment of discs is strongly associated with BMP-2 expression which is an important marker of intervertebral disc calcification.
Characteristics and outcomes of patients developing pulmonary hypertension associated with proteasome inhibitors
Authors: Grynblat Julien , Khouri Charles , Hlavaty Alex , Jaïs Xavier , Savale Laurent , Chaumais Marie Camille , Kularatne Mithum , Jevnikar Mitja , Boucly Athénaïs , Antigny Fabrice , Perros Frédéric , Simonneau Gérald , Sitbon Olivier , Humbert Marc , Montani David 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) has been described in patients treated with proteasome inhibitors (PIs). Our objective was to evaluate the association between PIs and PAH.MethodsCharacteristics of incident PAH cases previously treated with carfilzomib or bortezomib were analysed from the French pulmonary hypertension registry and the VIGIAPATH programme from 2004 to 2023, concurrently with a pharmacovigilance disproportionality analysis using the World Health Organization (WHO) global database (VigiBase) and a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.Results11 incident cases of PI-associated PAH were identified (six with carfilzomib and five with bortezomib) with a female:male ratio of 2.7:1, a median age of 61 years, and a median delay between PI first exposure and PAH of 6 months. Four patients died (two from right heart failure, one from respiratory distress and one from an unknown cause). At diagnosis, six were in New York Heart Association Functional Class III/IV with severe haemodynamic impairment (median mean pulmonary arterial pressure 39 mmHg, cardiac index 2.45 L·min−1·m−2and pulmonary vascular resistance 7.2 WU). In the WHO pharmacovigilance database, 169 cases of PH associated with PI were reported since 2013 with significant signals of disproportionate reporting (SDR) for carfilzomib, regardless of the definition of cases or control group. However, SDR for bortezomib were inconsistent. The systematic review identified 17 clinical trials, and carfilzomib was associated with a significantly higher risk of dyspnoea, severe dyspnoea and PH compared with bortezomib.ConclusionPIs may induce PAH in patients undergoing treatment, with carfilzomib emitting a stronger signal than bortezomib, and these patients should be monitored closely.
Real-world use of inhaled corticosteroid/formoterol as needed in adults with mild asthma: the PRIME study
Authors: Brusselle Guy , Blasi Francesco , Gessner Christian , Kuna Piotr , Wark Peter , Cappellini Glauco , Oosterom Emilie , Van Der Deijl Marielle , Bucchioni Enrica , Topole Eva 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionInhaled corticosteroid/formoterol fumarate (ICS/FF) as needed is recommended by the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) as sole therapy in adults with mild asthma, with low-dose maintenance ICS plus short-acting β2-agonist (SABA) as an alternative. SABA alone is no longer recommended. Given these changes in recommendations, the observational PRIME study aimed to describe real-world treatment patterns in mild asthma in Europe.MethodsAdults with asthma receiving low-dose maintenance ICS, or as needed ICS/FF or SABA were followed for 6 months. Data collected included Asthma Control Test (ACT), Asthma Control Questionnaire 5-item (ACQ-5), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and asthma exacerbations.ResultsThe study was conducted in 883 patients in Germany, Italy, Poland and Spain; 833 (94.3%) completed follow-up. At enrolment, 32.2% received maintenance ICS, 56.3% ICS/FF as needed and 11.6% SABA as needed; 57.4%, 61.2% and 54.9%, respectively, had well-controlled asthma (ACQ-5/ACT definition). After 6 months, changes in mean FEV1were small in the maintenance ICS and ICS/FF as needed groups, whereas there was a decline in FEV1in the SABA as needed group. ACQ-5 total score improved from baseline in all three groups; 0.4%, 0.4% and 2.0% patients, respectively, had a severe exacerbation during the study.ConclusionsMore patients received ICS/FF as needed than SABA as needed, suggesting that physicians are aware of the latest treatment recommendations. This real-world study provides additional support to the use of ICS/FF as needed as preferred treatment for patients with mild asthma, whereas SABA as needed was associated with a fall in lung function and more severe exacerbations.
Green synthesized AgNPs as a probe for colorimetric detection of Hg (II) ions in aqueous medium and fluorescent imaging in liver cell lines and its antibacterial activity
Authors: Tewari Sanjana , Sahani Shalini , Yaduvanshi Neetu , Painuli Ritu , Sankararamakrishnan Nalini , Dwivedi Jaya , Sharma Swapnil , Han Sung Soo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe present research aimed at green synthesis of Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) based colorimetric sensor using persimmon leaf extract (PLE) for selective detection of mercuric ion (Hg2+). Optimization of reaction conditions viz. pH, concentration of PLE, time was done and further AgNPs were characterized using UV, IR, FE-SEM, EDX, XRD and TEM analysis. The developed AgNPs were evaluated for the selective colorimetric detection of Hg2+ in aqueous medium and fluorescence imaging of Hg2+ ions in liver cell lines. Later, the antibacterial activity of AgNPs was performed against S. aureus and E. coli. The findings of the study revealed that PLE mediated AgNPs exhibited notable limit of detection up to 0.1 ppb, high efficiency, and stability. The antibacterial study indicated that developed AgNPs has impressive bacterial inhibiting properties against the tested bacterial strains. In conclusion, developed biogenic AgNPs has high selectivity and notable sensitivity towards Hg2+ ions and may be used as key tool water remediation.
Graphical abstract
Graphene quantum dot-crafted nanocomposites: shaping the future landscape of biomedical advances
Authors: Dar Mohammad Suhaan , Sahu Niroj Kumar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGraphene quantum dots (GQDs) are a newly developed class of material, known as zero-dimensional nanomaterials, with characteristics derived from both carbon dots (CDs) and graphene. GQDs exhibit several ideal properties, including the potential to absorb incident energy, high water solubility, tunable photoluminescence, good stability, high drug-loading capacity, and notable biocompatibility, which make them powerful tools for various applications in the field of biomedicine. Additionally, GQDs can be incorporated with additional materials to develop nanocomposites with exceptional qualities and enriched functionalities. Inspired by the intriguing scientific discoveries and substantial contributions of GQDs to the field of biomedicine, we present a broad overview of recent advancements in GQDs-based nanocomposites for biomedical applications. The review first outlines the latest synthesis and classification of GQDs nanocomposite and enables their use in advanced composite materials for biomedicine. Furthermore, the systematic study of the biomedical applications for GQDs-based nanocomposites of drug delivery, biosensing, photothermal, photodynamic and combination therapies are emphasized. Finally, possibilities, challenges, and paths are highlighted to encourage additional research, which will lead to new therapeutics and global healthcare improvements.
Redefining and interpreting genomic relationships of metafounders
Authors: Legarra Andres , Bermann Matias , Mei Quanshun , Christensen Ole F. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMetafounders are a useful concept to characterize relationships within and across populations, and to help genetic evaluations because they help modelling the means and variances of unknown base population animals. Current definitions of metafounder relationships are sensitive to the choice of reference alleles and have not been compared to their counterparts in population genetics—namely, heterozygosities, FST coefficients, and genetic distances. We redefine the relationships across populations with an arbitrary base of a maximum heterozygosity population in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. Then, the relationship between or within populations is a cross-product of the form $${\Gamma }_{\left(b,{b}^{\prime}\right)}=\left(\frac{2}{n}\right)\left(2{\mathbf{p}}_{b}-\mathbf{1}\right)\left(2{\mathbf{p}}_{{b}^{\prime}}-\mathbf{1}\right)^{\prime}$$

Γ

b
,

b

′

=

2
n

2

p
b

-
1

2

p

b

′

-
1

′

with $$\mathbf{p}$$
p
being vectors of allele frequencies at $$n$$
n
markers in populations $$b$$
b
and $$b^{\prime}$$

b
′

. This is simply the genomic relationship of two pseudo-individuals whose genotypes are equal to twice the allele frequencies. We also show that this coding is invariant to the choice of reference alleles. In addition, standard population genetics metrics (inbreeding coefficients of various forms; FST differentiation coefficients; segregation variance; and Nei’s genetic distance) can be obtained from elements of matrix $${\varvec{\Gamma}}$$

Γ

.
Estimating genomic relationships of metafounders across and within breeds using maximum likelihood, pseudo-expectation–maximization maximum likelihood and increase of relationships
Authors: Legarra Andres , Bermann Matias , Mei Quanshun , Christensen Ole F. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
The theory of “metafounders” proposes a unified framework for relationships across base populations within breeds (e.g. unknown parent groups), and base populations across breeds (crosses) together with a sensible compatibility with genomic relationships. Considering metafounders might be advantageous in pedigree best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) or single-step genomic BLUP. Existing methods to estimate relationships across metafounders $${\varvec{\Gamma}}$$

Γ

are not well adapted to highly unbalanced data, genotyped individuals far from base populations, or many unknown parent groups (within breed per year of birth).

Methods
We derive likelihood methods to estimate $${\varvec{\Gamma}}$$

Γ

. For a single metafounder, summary statistics of pedigree and genomic relationships allow deriving a cubic equation with the real root being the maximum likelihood (ML) estimate of $${\varvec{\Gamma}}$$

Γ

. This equation is tested with Lacaune sheep data. For several metafounders, we split the first derivative of the complete likelihood in a term related to $${\varvec{\Gamma}}$$

Γ

, and a second term related to Mendelian sampling variances. Approximating the first derivative by its first term results in a pseudo-EM algorithm that iteratively updates the estimate of $${\varvec{\Gamma}}$$

Γ

by the corresponding block of the H-matrix. The method extends to complex situations with groups defined by year of birth, modelling the increase of $${\varvec{\Gamma}}$$

Γ

using estimates of the rate of increase of inbreeding ($$\Delta F$$

Δ
F

), resulting in an expanded $${\varvec{\Gamma}}$$

Γ

and in a pseudo-EM+$$\Delta F$$

Δ
F

algorithm. We compare these methods with the generalized least squares (GLS) method using simulated data: complex crosses of two breeds in equal or unsymmetrical proportions; and in two breeds, with 10 groups per year of birth within breed. We simulate genotyping in all generations or in the last ones.

Results
For a single metafounder, the ML estimates of the Lacaune data corresponded to the maximum. For simulated data, when genotypes were spread across all generations, both GLS and pseudo-EM(+$$\Delta F$$

Δ
F

) methods were accurate. With genotypes only available in the most recent generations, the GLS method was biased, whereas the pseudo-EM(+$$\Delta F$$

Δ
F

) approach yielded more accurate and unbiased estimates.

Conclusions
We derived ML, pseudo-EM and pseudo-EM+$$\Delta F$$

Δ
F

methods to estimate $${\varvec{\Gamma}}$$

Γ

in many realistic settings. Estimates are accurate in real and simulated data and have a low computational cost.
The use of longitudinal CT-based radiomics and clinicopathological features predicts the pathological complete response of metastasized axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer
Authors: Wang Jia , Tian Cong , Zheng Bing-Jie , Zhang Jiao , Jiao De-Chuang , Qu Jin-Rong , Liu Zhen-Zhen 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Accurate assessment of axillary status after neoadjuvant therapy for breast cancer patients with axillary lymph node metastasis is important for the selection of appropriate subsequent axillary treatment decisions. Our objectives were to accurately predict whether the breast cancer patients with axillary lymph node metastases could achieve axillary pathological complete response (pCR).

Methods
We collected imaging data to extract longitudinal CT image features before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), analyzed the correlation between radiomics and clinicopathological features, and developed models to predict whether patients with axillary lymph node metastasis can achieve axillary pCR after NAC. The clinical utility of the models was determined via decision curve analysis (DCA). Subgroup analyses were also performed. Then, a nomogram was developed based on the model with the best predictive efficiency and clinical utility and was validated using the calibration plots.

Results
A total of 549 breast cancer patients with metastasized axillary lymph nodes were enrolled in this study. 42 independent radiomics features were selected from LASSO regression to construct a logistic regression model with clinicopathological features (LR radiomics-clinical combined model). The AUC of the LR radiomics-clinical combined model prediction performance was 0.861 in the training set and 0.891 in the testing set. For the HR + /HER2 − , HER2 + , and Triple negative subtype, the LR radiomics-clinical combined model yields the best prediction AUCs of 0.756, 0.812, and 0.928 in training sets, and AUCs of 0.757, 0.777 and 0.838 in testing sets, respectively.

Conclusions
The combination of radiomics features and clinicopathological characteristics can effectively predict axillary pCR status in NAC breast cancer patients.
Identification of prognostic signatures in remnant gastric cancer through an interpretable risk model based on machine learning: a multicenter cohort study
Authors: Zhan Zhouwei , Chen Bijuan , Cheng Hui , Xu Shaohua , Huang Chunping , Zhou Sijing , Chen Haiting , Lin Xuanping , Lin Ruyu , Huang Wanting , Ma Xiaohuan , Fu Yu , Chen Zhipeng , Zheng Hanchen , Shi Songchang , Guo Zengqing , Zhang Lihui 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objective
The purpose of this study was to develop an individual survival prediction model based on multiple machine learning (ML) algorithms to predict survival probability for remnant gastric cancer (RGC).

Methods
Clinicopathologic data of 286 patients with RGC undergoing operation (radical resection and palliative resection) from a multi-institution database were enrolled and analyzed retrospectively. These individuals were split into training (80%) and test cohort (20%) by using random allocation. Nine commonly used ML methods were employed to construct survival prediction models. Algorithm performance was estimated by analyzing accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), confusion matrices, five-fold cross-validation, decision curve analysis (DCA), and calibration curve. The best model was selected through appropriate verification and validation and was suitably explained by the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) approach.

Results
Compared with the traditional methods, the RGC survival prediction models employing ML exhibited good performance. Except for the decision tree model, all other models performed well, with a mean ROC AUC above 0.7. The DCA findings suggest that the developed models have the potential to enhance clinical decision-making processes, thereby improving patient outcomes. The calibration curve reveals that all models except the decision tree model displayed commendable predictive performance. Through CatBoost-based modeling and SHAP analysis, the five-year survival probability is significantly influenced by several factors: the lymph node ratio (LNR), T stage, tumor size, resection margins, perineural invasion, and distant metastasis.

Conclusions
This study established predictive models for survival probability at five years in RGC patients based on ML algorithms which showed high accuracy and applicative value.
Perceptions of TB-HIV comorbidity among the Nomads in Adamawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Abdulkarim Suraj , John Stephen , Garba Tomon , Basason Hunpiya , Balogun Paul , Kuye Joseph 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe recalcitrance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) to eradication was related to achieving a nonreplicating (dormant) state and the increasing global burden of HIV coinfection. Consequently, understanding the knowledge and perception of the population at risk of tuberculosis-HIV infection is essential to designing a strategy of intervention embraced by the target population. A cross-sectional study was conducted among Nomads in Adamawa State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was employed to recruit consented participants. Self-administered questionnaires were used to gather the required information from 4 nomadic schoolteachers in each selected school. Data were entered into a Microsoft Excel sheet where trends and tables of collated data were developed. The findings show that only 13.5% of the participants expressed the correct perceptions of the complementary relationship between HIV and TB. More people in government employment (35%) understand the coexisting relationship of TB-HIV infections. At the same time, cattle herders and crop farmers who practice the prevalent occupation lack knowledge of TB-HIV relatedness. Across gender, only a proportion of males (14.8%) than females (10.5%) were more likely to show an understanding of the complementary association of HIV and TB, and this difference showed statistical significance (p = 0.0001). In conclusion, male gender, education at a degree or professional level, and employment with the government are factors associated with positive perceptions of TB/HIV relatedness. Thus, there is a need to intensify communication to educate Nomads on HIV and TB-related issues.