bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential of fish bioactive peptides for the prevention of global pandemic non-communicable disease: production, purification, identification, and health benefits
Authors: Baraiya Ravi , Anandan R. , Elavarasan K. , Prakash Patekar , Rathod Sanjaykumar Karsanbhai , Rajasree S. R. Radhika , Renuka V. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe synthesis of bioactive peptides demonstrates strong antioxidant, anti-proliferative, anti-hypertensive, and anti-diabetic attributes. This presents a promising path for developing cost-effective pharmaceuticals that have fewer side effects as they are derived from foods. Production of bioactive peptides through enzymatic hydrolysis exhibits greater potential compared to alternative chemical-assisted hydrolysis. The purification of bioactive peptides involves size fractionation techniques such as ultrafiltration and gel filtration. Further separation using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) techniques aids in the production of peptides with different hydrophobicity which may have specific bioactivities. Sequencing of peptides is commonly completed through Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), electrospray ionization (ESI), and Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS). Generally, smaller peptides with lower molecular weights exhibit higher bioactivity due to higher absorption within the gastrointestinal tract. While most investigations into bioactive peptides have been conducted in vitro only a few studies have confirmed these findings in vivo, particularly regarding the bioavailability and toxicity of fish protein peptides especially in individuals with non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cancer, cardiovascular, diabetes and chronic respiratory. Bioactivities of peptides derived from fish show cardioprotective, anti-hypertensive, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, and anti-oxidative effects, suggesting their promising potential in the treatments and preventive care for NCD. Further research is strongly encouraged to explore these aspects comprehensively.
Graphical Abstract
Recent progress of covalent organic frameworks in high selective separation of radionuclides
Authors: Rong Qiuyu , Jin Jie , Wang Suhua , Wang Xiangke 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe utilization of nuclear energy power and nuclear weapon tests not only releases large amounts of radionuclides into environment, but also needs 235U as nuclear fuel for nuclear energy generation. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have the advantages of tunable porous structures, adjustable active sites and enough special functional groups, which assure the high selective preconcentration of target radionuclides from complex solutions. In this perspective, the selective extraction of radionuclides (U(VI) as representative cationic ion, Tc(VII) as representative anionic ion, I2 as gaseous nuclide and other nuclides) by COFs through sorption, and photocatalytic strategies are described, and the results show the high efficiency of COFs in target radionuclides removal. The perspective and challenges for the real applications of COFs in future are discussed in the end.
Graphical Abstract
Localised and tree total crop loads influence trunk growth, return fruit set, yield, and fruit quality in apples
Authors: Scalisi Alessio , Plozza Tim , Reddy Priyanka , Peavey Madeleine , McClymont Lexie , Rochfort Simone , Stefanelli Dario , Goodwin Ian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLocalised fruit thinning strategies must be investigated to improve precision crop load management in narrow-canopy, multileader apple trees. This study aimed to determine the effects of within-leader and tree total crop load on leaders’ and trunk’s growth, fruit set, yield, and fruit quality in ‘Ruby Matilda’ apples (marketed as Pink Lady®) over three years. Different crop loads were imposed on two leaders (primary and secondary) of bi-axis trees. Leader and trunk relative growth rate, return fruit set, yield, and fruit quality parameters at harvest were measured. High within-leader crop loads led to a significant increase in yield and reductions in trunk growth, return fruit set, and deterioration of fruit quality parameters except for flesh firmness and starch index. Similar trends were observed in whole-tree relationships. High crop load in secondary leaders had moderate negative effects on trunk growth, yield, and fruit mass of primary leaders; it only marginally affected their return fruit set and had no significant effect (p > 0.05) on their fruit quality. A crop load of 6.8 fruit no. cm−2 of leader cross-sectional area was estimated to achieve a relatively consistent return fruit set within the same leader. At a whole-tree level, a similar crop load (6.9 fruit no. cm−2 of trunk cross-sectional area) produced a consistent return fruit set despite its higher variability. These crop loads produced high yields (120 and 111 t ha−1, respectively) and good quality fruit. Using individual leaders as management units is recommended to simplify operations and reduce variability.
Assessing contact-induced change in Palestinian Arabic: Evidence from Beirut
Authors: Abou Taha Yasmine , Levey Stephen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe investigate whether Palestinian Arabic (PA), as spoken by the local Palestinian refugee population in Beirut, is converging with Lebanese Arabic (LA), the majority variety. Using a sociolinguistic framework, we target three variables considered to be susceptible to convergent change. We find evidence of contact-induced change in PA in the variable raising of word-medial /a:/ to [e:], as well as in the attrition of socially marked exponents of verbal negation. By contrast, in the case of the third variable, the future temporal reference system, the evidence for convergence is less compelling on account of key differences between the contact varieties, including the vertiginous rise of the proclitic future marker ħa- in PA. We implicate the respective social salience of the targeted variables in their differential susceptibility to convergence. Our results afford new insights into dialect contact and elucidate under-studied patterns of grammatical variation and change in Levantine Arabic.
Glitter and Graffiti: Labour, Expertise and the Feminist Remaking of Mexican National Heritage
Authors: Islas Weinstein Tania 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn 2019, thousands of women took to the streets in Mexico City to protest gender-based violence. The demonstrations were characterised by the defacement of iconic monuments, which was widely condemned. But the protests also ignited widespread political mobilisation, including by a group of women restorers who, despite being designated to clean the monuments, refused to perform their work and publicly defended the protesters. By withholding their labour and their ostensible duty to the state and to the nation, the restorers’ actions helped to transform narratives around feminism, protest and the meaning of national heritage. Based on a case study of this previously depoliticised group of art restorers who went on to become one of the most important faces of Mexico's feminist movement, this article argues that political mobilisation can be rooted in and directly linked to people's labour and professional expertise.
Circinaria persepolitana (Megasporaceae), a new lichen species from historic stone surfaces in Persepolis, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Iran
Authors: Sohrabi Mohammad , Paukov Alexander , Pérez-Ortega Sergio , Nourozi Hooman , Fadaie Hamid , Favero-Longo Sergio Enrico , Talebian Mohammad Hassan , de los Ríos Asunción 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPersepolis, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in south-western Iran, dates back to more than 2500 years ago, and is colonized by a great diversity of lichen-forming fungi. A survey of the lichen-forming fungi revealed a species abundant in different areas of the cultural site, which turned out to be a new species of the genus Circinaria. The new species, Circinaria persepolitana, is introduced and described on the basis of morphological and molecular data. Circinaria persepolitana is characterized by having a crustose thallus, rimose to areolate, usually with bullate areoles, with an olive green to olive-brown surface and angular to elongate areoles in the marginal zone. Phylogenetic analyses including other species of the genus showed that the new species is phylogenetically close to C. mansourii, C. ochracea and C. reptans. We propose a new combination of Circinaria reptans (Looman) Sohrabi, Owe-Larsson & Paukov. The bioweathering capacity of the new species was also analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, examining the interface between the lichen thallus and the lithic substratum to assess its potential threat to the conservation of heritage surfaces. We found this species to be a potential biodeteriogenic agent, as thalli were closely attached to the lithic substratum and biogeophysical and biogeochemical changes at the rock surface could be associated with the colonization.
Exploring intra-diagnosis heterogeneity and inter-diagnosis commonality in genetic architectures of bipolar disorders: association of polygenic risks of major psychiatric illnesses and lifetime phenotype dimensions
Authors: Baek Ji Hyun , Lee Dongbin , Lee Dongeun , Jeong Hyewon , Cho Eun-Young , Ha Tae Hyon , Ha Kyooseob , Hong Kyung Sue 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundBipolar disorder (BD) shows heterogeneous illness presentation both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. This phenotypic heterogeneity might reflect underlying genetic heterogeneity. At the same time, overlapping characteristics between BD and other psychiatric illnesses are observed at clinical and biomarker levels, which implies a shared biological mechanism between them. Incorporating these two issues in a single study design, this study investigated whether phenotypically heterogeneous subtypes of BD have a distinct polygenic basis shared with other psychiatric illnesses.MethodsSix lifetime phenotype dimensions of BD identified in our previous study were used as target phenotypes. Associations between these phenotype dimensions and polygenic risk scores (PRSs) of major psychiatric illnesses from East Asian (EA) and other available populations were analyzed.ResultsEach phenotype dimension showed a different association pattern with PRSs of mental illnesses. PRS for EA schizophrenia showed a significant negative association with the cyclicity dimension (p = 0.044) but a significant positive association with the psychotic/irritable mania dimension (p = 0.001). PRS of EA major depressive disorder demonstrated a significant negative association with the elation dimension (p = 0.003) but a significant positive association with the comorbidity dimension (p = 0.028).ConclusionThis study demonstrates that well-defined phenotype dimensions of lifetime-basis in BD have distinct genetic risks shared with other major mental illnesses. This finding supports genetic heterogeneity in BD and suggests a pleiotropy among BD subtypes and other psychiatric disorders beyond BD. Further genomic analyses adopting deep phenotyping across mental illnesses in ancestrally diverse populations are warranted to clarify intra-diagnosis heterogeneity and inter-diagnoses commonality issues in psychiatry.
Data-driven learning: From Collins Cobuild Dictionary to ChatGPT
Authors: Flowerdew John 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The invitation to speak at this conference on corpora and data-driven language learning (DDL) at COSEDI, the University of Grenoble, was received at the beginning of February 2023. ChatGPT had been released on 30 November 2022 and it was already becoming obvious that this technology would present revolutionary opportunities and challenges for corpus applications to language learning. Through a limited number of case studies – the Collins Cobuild Dictionary, a data-driven workshop for academic writing for research students, and the replication of the tasks used in the workshop, using ChatGPT – this presentation selectively highlights the trajectory of DDL from its beginnings to the present day and takes a look into a possible future with large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT.
Geochemistry of lake sediments from the South Shetland Islands and James Ross Archipelago, north Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Coria Silvia H. , Pérez Catán Soledad , Pasquini Andrea I. , Arribere María , Vieira Rosemary , Rosa Luiz H. , Lirio Juan M. , Lecomte Karina L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe geochemistry of lake sediments provides valuable information on environmental conditions and geochemical processes in polar regions. To characterize geochemical composition and to analyse weathering and provenance, 26 lakes located in six islands of the South Shetland Islands (SSI) and James Ross Archipelago (JRA) were analysed. Regarding major composition, the studied lake sediments correspond to ferruginous mudstones and to a lesser extent to mudstones. The weathering indices indicate incipient chemical alteration (Chemical Index of Alteration = 52.6; Plagioclase Index of Alteration = 57.6). The La-Th-Sc plot shows different provenance signatures. SSI lake sediments correspond to oceanic island arcs, whereas those of JRA denote a signal of continental arcs with mixed sources. In James Ross Island lake sediments are of continental arcs (inland lakes), oceanic island arcs (coastal lakes) and a middle signature (foreland lakes). Multi-elemental analysis indicates that the sediments are enriched from regional basalts in Ba, Rb, Th, Cs and U (typical of silica-rich rocks) and depleted in Cr and Co due to mafic mineral weathering. The geochemical signals identified by principal component analysis enable us to group the sediments according to the studied islands and their geomorphological characteristics. This study underlines the importance of knowing the geochemical background levels in pristine lake sediments to evaluate potential future anthropogenic effects.
Enfolding empire into 1930s London: the India Round Table Conference
Authors: Legg Stephen 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This survey reflects on the intersections of global and urban history through brief reflections on the Round Table Conference which took place over three sessions in London between 1930 and 1932. Uniting Indian representatives and the British government in London to solve political stalemate in South Asia, the conference provides a dramatic event through which to explore the enfolding of the British empire into the imperial capital. But the conference was also indebted to international and global connections and comparisons which intersected in the intimate spaces of diplomatic networking in the capital.
How Does Plant CO2 Physiological Forcing Amplify Amazon Warming in CMIP6 Earth System Models?
Authors: Kimm Haechan , Park So‐Won , Jun Sang‐Yoon , Kug Jong‐Seong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe physiological response to increasing CO2 concentrations will lead to land surface warming through a redistribution of the energy balance. As the Amazon is one of the most plant‐rich regions, the increase in surface temperature, caused by plant CO2 physiological forcing, is particularly large compared to other regions. In this study, we analyze the outputs of the 11 models in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 to find out how CO2 physiological forcing amplifies Amazonian warming under elevated CO2 levels. With the CO2 concentration increase from 285 to 823 ppm, the Amazon temperature increased by 0.48 ± 0.42 K as a result of plant physiological forcing. Moreover, we assess the contributions of each climate feedback to the surface warming due to physiological forcing by quantifying climate feedbacks based on radiative kernels. Lapse rate feedback and cloud feedback, analyzed as the primary contributors, accounted for 53% and 37% of Amazon warming, respectively. The warming contributions of these two feedbacks also exhibit a significant spread, which contributes to the predictive uncertainty. The surface warming due to reduced evapotranspiration is larger than the upper tropospheric warming in the Amazon, resulting in surface warming by lapse rate feedback. In addition, cloud cover in the Amazon region decreases due to the reduced evapotranspiration. Decreased cloud cover amplifies surface warming through the shortwave cloud feedback. Furthermore, differences in circulation and local convection caused by physiological effect contribute to the inter‐model spread of the cloud feedback.
Effect of a diabetes-specific formula in non-diabetic inpatients with stroke: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: López-Gómez Juan J. , Delgado García Esther , Primo-Martín David , Simón de la Fuente Mónica , Gómez-Hoyos Emilia , Jiménez-Sahagún Rebeca , Torres-Torres Beatriz , Ortolá-Buigues Ana , Gómez-Vicente Beatriz , Arenillas-Lara Juan F. , De Luis Román Daniel A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background/objectives
In patients with acute stroke, the presence of hyperglycaemia has been associated with higher morbidity and less neurological recovery. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of a diabetes specific enteral nutrition (EN) formula on glycaemia, comorbidities and mortality in patients admitted with a first episode of stroke who received complete EN.

Methods
This was a prospective randomised controlled trial. Patients with acute stroke did not have diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and required nasogastric tube feeding. This study has been registered with code NCT03422900. The patients were randomised into two arms: an isocaloric isoprotein formula (control group (CG), 27 patients) vs a diabetes-specific formula (low glycaemic index carbohydrates, fibre (80% soluble) and higher lipid content) (experimental group (EG), 25 patients). Pre-EN blood glucose, hyperglycaemia during EN treatment, HbA1c, insulin use, oral route recovery, length of stay (LOS) and mortality at 30 days were collected. The complications of enteral nutrition during admission were collected as well.

Results
52 patients were included, 50% females, with an age of 77.44(11.48) years; 34 (65.4%) had ischaemic stroke, with a Rankin score of 0(0–2), and a National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) of 19 (15–22). In CG, there were more cases of hyperglycaemia on the 5th day post-NE (13(65%) vs7(35%), p < 0.01). CG showed an OR of 7.58(1.49–39.16) (p = 0.02) for the development of hyperglycaemia. There were no differences in LOS between groups (12(8.5) days vs 14(23) days, p = 0.19) or in the death rate (10(37%) vs 10(40%), p = 0.8), although differences were found in terms of oral route recovery (EG: 11(44%) patients vs CG: 5(18.5%) patients, p = 0.04) (OR (EG): 5.53(1.25–24.47); p = 0.02).

Conclusions
The use of a diabetes-specific enteral formula in non-diabetic patients admitted with acute stroke reduced the risk of developing hyperglycaemia and improved the rate of oral route recovery.
Registered under ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier no. NCT03422900.
The neglected association between schizophrenia and bone fragility: a systematic review and meta-analyses
Authors: Azimi Manavi Behnaz , Corney Kayla B. , Mohebbi Mohammadreza , Quirk Shae E. , Stuart Amanda L. , Pasco Julie A. , Hodge Jason M. , Berk Michael , Williams Lana J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSchizophrenia is associated with increased risk of medical comorbidity, possibly including osteoporosis, which is a public health concern due to its significant social and health consequences. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to determine whether schizophrenia is associated with bone fragility. The protocol for this review has been registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020171959). The research question and inclusion/exclusion criteria were developed and presented according to the PECO (Population, Exposure, Comparison, Outcome) framework. Schizophrenia was identified from medical records, DSM-IV/5 or the ICD. The outcomes for this review were bone fragility [i.e., bone mineral density (BMD), fracture, bone turnover markers, bone quality]. A search strategy was developed and implemented for the electronic databases. A narrative synthesis was undertaken for all included studies; the results from eligible studies reporting on BMD and fracture were pooled using a random effects model to complete a meta-analysis. The conduct of the review and reporting of results adhered to PRISMA guidelines. Our search yielded 3103 studies, of which 29 met the predetermined eligibility criteria. Thirty-seven reports from 29 studies constituted 17 studies investigating BMD, eight investigating fracture, three investigating bone quality and nine investigating bone turnover markers. The meta-analyses revealed that people with schizophrenia had lower BMD at the lumbar spine [standardised mean difference (SMD) −0.74, 95% CI −1.27, −0.20; Z = −2.71, p = 0.01] and at the femoral neck (SMD −0.78, 95% CI −1.03, −0.53; Z = −6.18, p ≤ 0.001). Also observed was a higher risk of fracture (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.27, 1.61; Z = 5.88, p ≤ 0.001). Following adjustment for publication bias, the association between schizophrenia and femoral neck BMD (SMD −0.63, 95% CI −0.97, −0.29) and fracture (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.28, 1.35) remained. Significantly increased risk of bone fragility was observed in people with schizophrenia. This association was independent of sex, participant number, methodological quality and year of publication.
1-Methyltryptophan treatment ameliorates high-fat diet-induced depression in mice through reversing changes in perineuronal nets
Authors: Hu Juntao , Zhang Shanshan , Wu Haoran , Wang Leilei , Zhang Yuwen , Gao Hongyang , Li Meihui , Ren Hong , Xiao Honglei , Guo Kun , Li Wensheng , Liu Qiong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDepression and obesity are prevalent disorders with significant public health implications. In this study, we used a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mouse model to investigate the mechanism underlying HFD-induced depression-like behaviors. HFD-induced obese mice exhibited depression-like behaviors and a reduction in hippocampus volume, which were reversed by treatment with an indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor 1-methyltryptophan (1-MT). Interestingly, no changes in IDO levels were observed post-1-MT treatment, suggesting that other mechanisms may be involved in the anti-depressive effect of 1-MT. We further conducted RNA sequencing analysis to clarify the potential underlying mechanism of the anti-depressive effect of 1-MT in HFD-induced depressive mice and found a significant enrichment of shared differential genes in the extracellular matrix (ECM) organization pathway between the 1-MT-treated and untreated HFD-induced depressive mice. Therefore, we hypothesized that changes in ECM play a crucial role in the anti-depressive effect of 1-MT. To this end, we investigated perineuronal nets (PNNs), which are ECM assemblies that preferentially ensheath parvalbumin (PV)-positive interneurons and are involved in many abnormalities. We found that HFD is associated with excessive accumulation of PV-positive neurons and upregulation of PNNs, affecting synaptic transmission in PV-positive neurons and leading to glutamate-gamma-aminobutyric acid imbalances in the hippocampus. The 1-MT effectively reversed these changes, highlighting a PNN-related mechanism by which 1-MT exerts its anti-depressive effect.