bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of granzyme B-based fluorescent protein reporters to monitor granzyme distribution and granule integrity in live cells
Authors: Bird Catherina H. , Rizzitelli Alexandra , Harper Ian , Prescott Mark , Bird Phillip I. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractReporter proteins comprising granzyme B (GrB) fused to eGFP, ecliptic pHluorin or mCherry, were generated and used to study granule (lysosome) distribution and properties in COS-1 cells and natural killer cells. The reporters resembled native GrB in biosynthesis and localization, and accumulated in granules. In live cells both the eGFP and pHluorin reporters were dark in lysosomes, but fluoresced when the granule integrity or pH was perturbed by Leu-Leu methyl ester, hydrogen peroxide, naphthazarin, or sphingosine treatment. By contrast, fluorescence of the mCherry reporter was not pH-dependent. The quenching of eGFP within granules indicates that this commonly-used fluorescent protein is not appropriate as a vital intra-lysosomal marker.
Activation of the plasma kallikrein-kinin system on human lung epithelial cells
Authors: della Vergiliana Julius F. Varano , Asokananthan Nithiananthan , Stewart Geoffrey A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractActivation of the tissue kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) plays a major inflammatory role in the lung, but the contribution of the plasma KKS remains unclear. Plasma KKS involves assembly and activation of high molecular weight kininogen (HK) and plasma prekallikrein (PPK) on cell surfaces, resulting in the liberation of the inflammatory peptide, bradykinin (BK), from HK by plasma kallikrein (PK). To this end, we determined the possible contribution of plasma KKS in BK formation using airway epithelium. The HK binding proteins, urokinase plasminogen activator receptor, cytokeratin 1 and gC1qR, were expressed on transformed A549 and BEAS-2B cell lines, as well as on normal lung tissue, but Mac-1 was absent. A549 cells bound FITC-labelled HK, which was only partially inhibited by a combination of antibodies to the HK binding proteins. HK-PPK complex activation on the transformed epithelial cell lines, as well as primary epithelial cells, resulted in PK formation and liberation of BK. HK-PPK activation was inhibited by cysteine, BK and protamine, and by novobiocin, a heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitor. In summary, lung epithelial cells support the assembly and activation of the plasma KKS by a mechanism dependent on HSP90, and could contribute to KKS-mediated inflammation in lung disease.
Wild type p53-dependent transcriptional upregulation of cathepsin L expression is mediated by C/EBPα in human glioblastoma cells
Authors: Katara Rahul , Mir Riyaz A. , Shukla Abhay A. , Tiwari Ashutosh , Singh Neelima , Chauhan Shyam S. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Mutations in the tumor suppressor gene p53 are frequent in human glioblastomas. Similarly cathepsin L, a lysosomal cysteine protease, is overexpressed and secreted by most human tumors including glioblastomas. However, hitherto there is no information on whether or not the mutation(s) in the p53 gene affect(s) expression of this protease. Using human glioblastoma cell lines harboring wild type and mutant p53, we demonstrate here for the first time that only the wild type but not the mutant p53 upregulates cathepsin L expression. By transfection of promoter reporter constructs, site-directed mutagenesis and chip assays we have established that wild type p53 elevates the levels of cathepsin L in these cells. It does so directly by binding to the cathepsin L promoter and also indirectly by inducing the expression of C/EBPα, which is crucial for the transcription of this protease. In view of its role in tumorigenesis, angiogenesis and tumor cell invasion, increased expression of cathepsin L in glioblastoma cells harboring wild type p53 might confer invasive ability and growth advantage to these cells. Therefore, use of cathepsin L inhibitors could prove useful in the management of these tumors.
Epstein-Barr virus lytic cycle activation alters proteasome subunit expression in Burkitt's lymphoma cells
Authors: De Leo Alessandra , Matusali Giulia , Arena Giuseppe , Di Renzo Livia , Mattia Elena 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe have shown that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) lytic cycle activation in Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) cells down-regulates chymotrypsin- and caspase-like activities of the proteasome. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether EBV activation might also affect proteasome subunit composition. Our results indicate that, independently of the latency program established in the host cells, induction of the EBV lytic cycle reduces the expression of the proteasomal components β5, β1 and β2i, whereas it increases that of β2, β1i, PA28α and PA28β. The modulation of the composition and enzymatic activities of the proteolytic complex are indicative of a less efficient generation of viral immunoepitopes.
From narrative historiography to historical biography. New trends in Byzantine historical writing in the 10th–11th centuries
Authors: Markopoulos A. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
It is well known that the historical texts composed under the Macedonian dynasty (Theophanes Continuatus, Genesios, but also Leo the Deacon, Manuel protospatharios, John Skylitzes or even Michael Psellos) display certain element, which can be seen as attempts to make a clean break with the past; the formalist style of unbroken historical narrative was largely rejected in favour of historical biography in which the influence of rhetorical methods is self-evident. It is not known which criteria tipped the balance in favour of such a development, though we would do well to consider both the influence of Antiquity, and the close ties that bound biography to hagiography, which from the empire's very beginnings (Vita Constantini) also served as a uniquely Byzantine mode of promoting the image of the emperor. It may be legitimate to speak of a new type of historical writing which is specifically designed for the extremely beautified career of its subject and constitutes a contemporary movement which manifested itself in various cultural contexts.
Changes in mammary caveolin-1 signaling pathways are associated with breast cancer risk in rats exposed to estradiol in utero or during prepuberty
Authors: Shajahan Ayesha N. , Goel Shruti , de Assis Sonia , Yu Bin , Clarke Robert , Hilakivi-Clarke Leena 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Developmental stage of rat mammary gland at the time of estrogen exposure determines whether the exposure increases or reduces later breast cancer risk. For example, in utero exposure to 17β-estradiol (E2) increases, whereas prepubertal exposure to this hormone decreases susceptibility of developing carcinogen-induced mammary tumors. E2 mediates its actions by interacting with caveolin-1 (CAV1), a putative tumor suppressor gene in breast cancer. Mammary tissues from 2-month-old rats exposed to E2 in utero contained decreased levels of CAV1, whereas prepubertal E2 exposure increased the levels, when compared to vehicle controls. Low CAV1 expression was associated with increased cell proliferation and estrogen receptor α expression, and reduced apoptosis in the mammary glands of rats exposed to E2 in utero. In contrast, high CAV1 expression correlated with reduced cell proliferation and cyclin D1 and phospho-Akt levels, and increased apoptosis in the mammary glands of rats exposed to E2 during prepuberty. In support of the role of CAV1 as a negative regulator of a variety of pro-growth signaling proteins, we detected decreased levels of Src and ErbB2 in rats exposed to E2 during prepuberty. Thus, estrogen exposure during mammary gland development affects the expression and function of CAV1 in a manner consistent with observed changes in susceptibility to mammary tumorigenesis.
Zur Vorgeschichte Lykiens: Städtenamen in hethitischen Quellen
Authors: Schürr Dieter 
Published: June 2010

Zusammenfassung
In keilschrift-hethitischen und hieroglyphen-luwischen Texten des 14. und 13. Jahrhunderts v. Chr. sind mit einiger Sicherheit acht Ortsnamen belegt, die auf engem Raum im späteren Lykien und in einem Fall im angrenzenden Karien fortlebten: Hinduwa, Patara, Pinali, Awarna, Tlawa, Kwalabassi, Kwalandarna und Kwakwalwanda (aber nicht Wijanawanda). Diese Namen dürften der Sprache entstammen, aus der das Lykische und auch das Karische hervorgingen. Mit dem Land Lukka lassen sie sich aber nicht verbinden, so daß sich dessen auch nur teilweise Identität mit Lykien nicht erweisen läßt. Archäologisch ist eine Besiedlung Lykiens zu dieser Zeit nicht belegbar, und dafür gibt es keine Erklärung.
Kaiser in der Krise – religions- und rechtsgeschichtliche Aspekte der ,Familienmorde' des Jahres 326
Authors: Olbrich Konstantin 
Published: June 2010

Zusammenfassung
Die Festlegung des Konzils von Nicaea auf Wesensgleichheit von Gottvater und Gottsohn konnte im Jahr 325 nicht allein als dogmatische Entscheidung verstanden werden: Vielmehr wurde damit in der Tradition römischer Herrscherideologie, welche den Kaiser durchgängig als lebende Gottheit verstand, in für die Öffentlichkeit erkennbarer Weise das Verhältnis zwischen dem Kaiser und Crispus als gleichrangig präfiguriert, nachdem deren gemeinsamer Sieg über Licinius bereits 324 mit dem Zusammenwirken zwischen Gottvater und Christus verglichen worden war. Damit war in der Nachfolgefrage eine Vorentscheidung zu Lasten der Söhne Faustas getroffen. Die Familienkrise des Jahres 326, in deren Verlauf Crispus hingerichtet, Fausta jedoch ermordet wurde, dürfte hierdurch mitverursacht worden sein. Rechts- und religionsgeschichtliche Argumente legen nahe, daß es sich beim anschließenden Palästinaaufenthalt der Kaiserin Helena um ein Ehrenexil handelte. Dies dürfte die einzige Möglichkeit dargestellt haben, mit welcher der Kaiser eine persönliche Beteiligung seiner Mutter an den Ereignissen von 326 ahnden konnte.
Deportationen römischer Christen in das Sasanidenreich durch Shapur I. und ihre Folgen – Eine Neubewertung
Authors: Mosig-Walburg Karin 
Published: June 2010

Zusammenfassung
Im Verlauf der Kampagnen, die Shapur I. zwischen den Jahren 253 und 260 in die römischen Ostprovinzen Syrien, Kappadokien und Kilikien unternahm, wurden römische Kriegsgefangene in das Sasanidenreich deportiert und dort angesiedelt. In der Forschung geht man von einem Zustrom von bis zu mehreren hunderttausend Gefangenen aus, unter denen sich ein beträchtlicher Anteil Christen befunden haben soll. Diesen römischen Christen wird nicht nur im Hinblick auf die Verbreitung des Christentums im Sasanidenreich und die Entwicklung der Struktur der persischen Kirche sondern auch im Hinblick auf die persische Wirtschaft eine herausragende Rolle zugewiesen. Eine Analyse des verfügbaren Quellenmaterials erweist die Unhaltbarkeit solcher Vorstellungen.
Athanarich, Alarich, Athaulf. Zum Wandel westgotischer Herrschaftskonzeptionen
Authors: Faber Eike 
Published: June 2010

Zusammenfassung
In den drei Generationen von Athanarich bis Athaulf unterlag die terwingische/westgotische Konzeption und Ausübung von Herrschaft einem tiefgreifenden Wandlungsprozeß. Athanarich, der letzte Richter der Terwingen regierte in traditioneller Weise, innerhalb der (sakralen) Grenzen seiner Position und ohne seinen Machtanspruch durch römische Ämter oder Titel zu stärken. Alarich etablierte ein Heerkönigtum und trug durch die Erfolge, zu denen er seine Gruppe führte, wesentlich zur Ethnogenese der Westgoten bei. Athaulf, sein Schwiegersohn und Nachfolger, unternahm durch seine Heirat mit Galla Placidia, der Halbschwester des Kaisers Honorius einen neuartigen Versuch, die Westgoten ins weströmische Reich zu integrieren.
Narrative Bewältigungsstrategien von Katastrophenerfahrungen: Das Geschichtswerk des Nikitas Honiatis
Authors: Niehoff-Panagiotidis Johannes 
Published: June 2010

Zusammenfassung
Thema des Artikels ist die schlimmste Katastrophe, welche das Byzantinische Reich bis dahin getroffen hatte: die Eroberung und Zerstörung der Hauptstadt durch die Ritter des Vierten Kreuzzugs von 1204. Nicht die wirkliche Geschichte steht in ihm im Mittelpunkt, sondern seine Wahrnehmung durch die zeitgenössische byzantinische Historiographie. Diese ist weitgehend mit Nikitas Honiatis (1155–1216), dem höchsten Beamten des Reiches kurz vor seinem Zusammenbruch identisch, der von den letzten Jahrzehnten des 12. Jahrhunderts an aus Autopsie berichtete. Zu diesem Zweck werden die narrativen Techniken der byzantinischen Historiographie, vor allem in ihrem Verhältnis zur antiken Geschichtsschreibung, vorgestellt. Die Unbegreiflichkeit des Untergangs von Konstantinopel führte dazu, daß die narrativen Modi, auf die sich Nikitas berufen konnte, versagten. Welche Lösungen Nikitas dafür versuchte, darüber geben die Manuskripte unerwarteten Aufschluß.
Die häufigen Verkürzungen und Bearbeitungen dieses Autors belegen auch die stufenweise Einfügung dieses geschichtlichen Erdbebens in die heutige griechische Memorialkultur, die Vorstellung mithin vom Verrat des Westens.
Mandibular Reconstruction With Vascularized Fibula Flap and Osseointegrated Implants: A Clinical Report
Authors: Khatami Amir H. , Toljanic Joseph A. , Kleinman Alejandro 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPrimary and secondary reconstruction of mandibular discontinuity defects with vascularized flap is currently the standard of care in many institutions. The most commonly used donor site for such flaps is fibula. Fibula provides enough bone length, allows 2-team approach, and has low donor site morbidity and abundant periosteal blood supply. The placement of endosseous implants in the vascularized fibula flap also facilitates functional dental rehabilitation. This clinical report describes the prosthetic rehabilitation and the complications of 2 mandibular discontinuity defects treated with vascularized fibula flap and implant-supported fixed prosthesis.
Effect of Fluoride on the Corrosion Behavior of Ti and Ti6Al4V Dental Implants Coupled With Different Superstructures
Authors: Anwar Eman M , Kheiralla Lamia S , Tammam Riham H 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
The effect of fluoride ion concentration on the corrosion behavior of Ti and Ti6Al4V implant alloys, when coupled with either metal/ceramic or all-ceramic superstructure, was examined by different electrochemical methods in artificial saliva solutions. It was concluded that increased fluoride concentration leads to a decrease in the corrosion resistance of all tested couples. The type of the superstructure also showed a significant effect on the corrosion resistance of the couple.
Stress Related Peri-Implant Bone Loss
Authors: Flanagan Dennis 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Psychological stress has been reported to be associated with periodontal bone loss; however, this association has not been studied for peri-implant bone loss. Psychological stress may be a factor in peri-implant bone loss. Alone, stress may not be significant, but in tandem with other factors, certain types of psychological stress may aggravate or accelerate peri-implant bone loss. This association needs to be studied further.
Predicted 1,3‐Dichloropropene Air Concentrations Resulting from Tree and Vine Applications in California
Authors: Cryer S. A. , van Wesenbeeck I. J. 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTThe preplant soil fumigant 1,3‐dichloropropene (1,3‐D) is effective for nematode control and is expected to further replace methyl bromide (MeBr) as MeBr use is phased out. Acute human exposure to soil fumigants is managed in part by using buffer zones between treated fields and occupied structures. The required buffer zone for 1,3‐D in California is 91.4 m (300 ft) for all uses. However, a 30.5‐m (100‐ft) buffer setback is desired for 1,3‐D to be an important replacement for MeBr in the orchard and vineyard markets. The Industrial Source Complex Short‐Term model, Version 3 (ISCST3) was used to simulate township‐wide long‐term average and short‐term air concentration distributions of 1,3‐D. The Gaussian plume model ISCST3 can be used to assess dispersion of air pollutants and pollutant concentrations on receptors from a variety of sources and in diverse airsheds. Long‐term and daily‐average air concentrations can be compared with the California permitted chronic or acute toxicity endpoints, respectively, to assess the potential risk for individuals living within the township at the proposed buffer setback. Modifications to ISCST3 were made for specific nonpoint‐source agricultural constraints and management practices. Chronic and acute air concentration distributions of 1,3‐D with a 30.5‐m buffer constraint around treated fields are similar to currently permitted air concentration distributions in California. Refinement of exposure as a function of buffer distance, application rate, and field size is possible due to the resolution of the simulation and external post‐processing capabilities. Simulated examples of 1,3‐D acute and chronic exposure cumulative distributions are presented.
Spatial Extrapolation of Soil Characteristics Using Whole‐Soil Particle Size Distributions
Authors: Shirazi Mostafa A. , Boersma Larry , Haggerty Patricia K. , Johnson Colleen Burch 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTSoils support ecosystem functions such as plant growth and water quality because of certain physical, chemical, and biological properties. These properties have been studied at different spatial scales, including point scales to satisfy basic research needs, and regional scales to satisfy monitoring needs. Recently, soil property data for the entire USA have become available in the State Soil Geographic Data Base (STATSGO), which is appropriate for regional‐scale research. We analyzed and created models of STATSGO data in this study to serve as a research tool, for example, for linking the soil to regional water quality monitoring data in our companion paper. Map units in STATSGO define geographic land areas by soil characteristics (SCs) of similar soil series. We selected 27 SCs that influenced water properties (in varying degrees), aggregated the layer and component SCs to map unit SCs, and used SCs to calculate relationships among map units. The relationships were defined by equations of conditional mean for the qth SC (SCq), while using the remaining 26 SCs as predictors. The relative standard errors for 22 of the 27 SCs were less than 10%, and less than 22% for the remaining five. We conclude that spatial extrapolation of SCs is feasible and the procedures are a first step toward extrapolating information across a region using SC–water property relationships. Although our procedure is for regional scale monitoring, it is also applicable to finer spatial scales commensurate with available soil data.
Phosphorus Transfer in Runoff Following Application of Fertilizer, Manure, and Sewage Sludge
Authors: Withers Paul J. A. , Clay Stephen D. , Breeze Victor G. 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTPhosphorus (P) transfer in surface runoff from field plots receiving either no P, triplesuperphoshate (TSP), liquid cattle manure (LCS), liquid anaerobically digested sludge (LDS), or dewatered sludge cake (DSC) was compared over a 2‐yr period. Dissolved inorganic P concentrations in runoff increased from 0.1 to 0.2 mg L−1 on control and sludge‐treated plots to 3.8 and 6.5 mg L−1 following application of LCS and TSP, respectively, to a cereal crop in spring. When incorporated into the soil in autumn, runoff dissolved P concentrations were typically <0.5 mg L−1 across all plots, and particulate P remained the dominant P form. When surface‐applied in autumn to a consolidated seedbed, direct loss of LCS and LDS increased both runoff volume and P transfers, but release of dissolved P occurred only from LCS. The largest P concentrations (>70 mg L−1) were recorded following TSP application without any increase in runoff volume, while application of bulky DSC significantly reduced total P transfers by 70% compared with the control due to a reduced runoff volume. Treatment effects in each monitoring period were most pronounced in the first runoff event. Differences in the release of P from the different P sources were related to the amounts of P extracted by either water or sodium bicarbonate in the order TSP > LCS > LDS > DSC. The results suggest there is a lower risk of P transfer in land runoff following application of sludge compared with other agricultural P amendments at similar P rates.
In Vitro Pesticide Degradation in Turfgrass Soil Incubated under Open and Sealed Conditions
Authors: Suzuki Toshinari , Yaguchi Kumiko , Suzuki Sukeji , Suga Tetsuya 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTDegradation of selected pesticides was conducted in a turfgrass soil from a golf course under open (i.e., allowing gas exchange with atmosphere) and sealed systems. The time required for 50% of the initial dose of fenitrothion (O,O‐dimethyl O‐4‐nitro‐m‐tolyl phosphorothioate), diazinon (O,O‐dimethyl O‐2‐isopropyl‐6‐methylpyrimidin4‐yl phosphorothioate), iprodione [3‐(3,5‐dichlorophenyl)‐N‐isopropyl‐2,4‐dioxo‐imidazolidine‐1‐carboxamide], mecoprop [(RS)‐2‐(4‐chloro‐o‐tolyloxy)propionic acid], and asulam (4‐aminophenylsulfonyl‐carbamate) to dissipate (half‐life, t1/2) was less than 2 wk under both conditions. The t1/2 values of dithiopyr (S,S′‐dimethyl 2‐difluoromethyl‐4‐isobutyl‐6‐trifluoro‐methylpyridine‐3,5‐dicarbothioate) were 324 and 185 d under the open and sealed conditions, respectively. The t1/2 values of isoprothiolane (di‐isopropyl 1,3‐dithiolan‐2‐ylidene‐malonate), flutolanil (α,α,α‐trifluoro‐3′‐isopropoxy‐o‐toluanilide), and benefin (N‐butyl‐N‐ethyl‐α,α,α‐trifluoro‐2,6‐dinitro‐p‐toluidine) under the open conditions were 154, 336, and 47 d, respectively. The t1/2 values of these pesticides increased slightly under the sealed conditions. The t1/2 values of terbutol (2,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐methylphenyl N‐methycarbamate) and one of the major degradation products, N‐demethyl‐terbutol (2,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐methylphenyl carbamate), were 182 and 291 d under the open conditions and increased by six‐ and threefold under the sealed conditions, respectively. The degradation system under the sealed conditions could characterize the persistence of terbutol and N‐demethyl‐terbutol, which were the most persistent in the field.
Accumulation of Rare Earth Elements in Corn after Agricultural Application
Authors: Wang Zijian , Liu Dingfang , Lu Peng , Wang Chunxia 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTUsing both pot and plot experiments, the dose‐dependent accumulation of rare earth elements (REs) in corn (Zea mays L.) after application of an agricultural REs mixture was measured. In the pot experiment, the dose‐dependent accumulation of REs in corn root and stem was observed, but it could not be detected in corn leaf under the dosage of 20 mg REs kg−1 soil (oven‐dry mass). The non‐observed effect concentration (NOEC) for accumulation of REs in corn seedling with the pot experiment was 1.0 mg REs kg−1 In the plot experiment, the dose‐dependent accumulation was observed at an early stage after application of REs and the NOEC value of 32 mg REs m−2 was obtained. At harvest, no dose‐dependent accumulation of REs was observed in any part of the corn. These results can be confirmed by the fingerprinting analysis based on the differences between La to RE ratios in the REs mixture and in pot or plot soil. We observed that the plant shows no preference on individual RE and the results of fingerprinting indicated clearly the incorporation of exogenous REs in plant tissues, in a similar manner as that observed in the dose‐dependent distribution of RE concentrations. The results indicated also a translocation process of REs from plant root to leaf when applied to soil or from leaf to root when applied to leaf. A homeostatic regulation mechanism for excessive uptake of REs in plants is suggested to regulate the concentrations of REs in the plant.