bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of deprotonated acids with silicon nanoparticle‐assisted laser desorption/ ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Hua Yimin , Dagan Shai , Wickramasekara Samanthi , Boday Dylan J. , Wysocki Vicki H. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractChemically modified silicon nanoparticles were applied for the laser desorption/negative ionization of small acids. A series of substituted sulfonic acids and fatty acids was studied. Compared to desorption ionization on porous silicon (DIOS) and other matrix‐less laser desorption/ionization techniques, silicon nanoparticle‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (SPALDI) mass spectrometry allows for the analysis of acids in the negative ion mode without the observation of multimers or cation adducts. Using SPALDI, detection limits of many acids reached levels down to 50 pmol/µl. SPALDI of fatty acids with unmodified silicon nanoparticles was compared to SPALDI using the fluoroalkyl silylated silicon powder, with the unmodified particles showing better sensitivity for fatty acids, but with more low‐mass background due to impurities and surfactants in the untreated silicon powder. The fatty acids exhibited a size‐dependent response in both SPALDI and unmodified SPALDI, showing a signal intensity increase with the chain length of the fatty acids (C12‐C18), leveling off at chain lengths of C18‐C22. The size effect may be due to the crystallization of long chain fatty acids on the silicon. This hypothesis was further explored and supported by SPALDI of several, similar sized, unsaturated fatty acids with various crystallinities. Fatty acids in milk lipids and tick nymph samples were directly detected and their concentration ratios were determined by SPALDI mass spectrometry without complicated and time‐consuming purification and esterification required in the traditional analysis of fatty acids by gas chromatography (GC). These results suggest that SPALDI mass spectrometry has the potential application in fast screening for small acids in crude samples with minimal sample preparation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐covalent interactions of alkali metal cations with singly charged tryptic peptides
Authors: Rožman Marko , Gaskell Simon J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe complexes formed by alkali metal cations (Cat+ = Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+) and singly charged tryptic peptides were investigated by combining results from the low‐energy collision‐induced dissociation (CID) and ion mobility experiments with molecular dynamics and density functional theory calculations. The structure and reactivity of [M + H + Cat]2+ tryptic peptides is greatly influenced by charge repulsion as well as the ability of the peptide to solvate charge points. Charge separation between fragment ions occurs upon dissociation, i.e. b ions tend to be alkali metal cationised while y ions are protonated, suggesting the location of the cation towards the peptide N‐terminus. The low‐energy dissociation channels were found to be strongly dependant on the cation size. Complexes containing smaller cations (Li+ or Na+) dissociate predominantly by sequence‐specific cleavages, whereas the main process for complexes containing larger cations (Rb+) is cation expulsion and formation of [M + H]+. The obtained structural data might suggest a relationship between the peptide primary structure and the nature of the cation coordination shell. Peptides with a significant number of side chain carbonyl oxygens provide good charge solvation without the need for involving peptide bond carbonyl groups and thus forming a tight globular structure. However, due to the lack of the conformational flexibility which would allow effective solvation of both charges (the cation and the proton) peptides with seven or less amino acids are unable to form sufficiently abundant [M + H + Cat]2+ ion. Finally, the fact that [M + H + Cat]2+ peptides dissociate similarly as [M + H]+ (via sequence‐specific cleavages, however, with the additional formation of alkali metal cationised b ions) offers a way for generating the low‐energy CID spectra of ‘singly charged’ tryptic peptides. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oxaliplatin‐based hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in primary or recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer: A pilot study of 31 patients
Authors: Frenel Jean‐Sebastien , Leux Christophe , Pouplin Luc , Ferron Gwenael , Berton‐Rigaud Dominique , Bourbouloux Emmanuelle , Dravet François , Jaffre Isabelle , Classe Jean‐Marc 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe feasibility and safety of oxaliplatin‐based hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) associated with cytoreductive surgery (CRS) was assessed in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis resulting from primary advanced or relapsing epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).MethodsThirty‐one patients received neoadjuvant platin‐based chemotherapy followed by oxaliplatin‐based HIPEC associated with CRS as consolidation of primary therapy (n = 19) or for relapsing disease (n = 12). Grade 3/4 complications were recorded according to National Cancer Institute definitions.ResultsMedian peritoneal carcinomatosis index (PCI) was 2.7 after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Mean duration of surgery was 352 min (range 105–614) and median hospital stay was 11 days (range 6–87). Grade 3 toxicity was observed in nine patients: five required repeat surgery, two an invasive procedure, four rehospitalization, and three a return to the ICU. No grade 4 toxicity occurred, excepted one hypokalemia. Median progression‐free survival (PFS) for primary advanced EOC was 13.2 months and 1‐year PFS was 59.3%. Median PFS for relapsing patients was 14.3 months and 1‐year PFS was 54.4%.ConclusionCRS with oxaliplatin‐based HIPEC is feasible and relatively safe in recurrent and primary EOC. HIPEC after neoadjuvant chemotherapy reduces the PCI and decreases the number of surgical procedures and morbidity. Further evaluations of this procedure are required to assess the survival benefits. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011;103:10–16. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adverse prognosis of clustered‐cell versus single‐cell micrometastases in pN0 early gastric cancer
Authors: Cao Liang , Hu Xiang , Zhang Yi , Huang Gang 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe clinical significance of lymph node micrometastasis (MM) for pN0 early gastric cancer is not well documented. The aim of this study is to clarify the risk factors of lymph node MM and the prognostic significance of the type of lymph node MM in patients with pN0 early gastric cancer.MethodsWe investigated the lymph node MM with using an anticytokeratin immunohistochemical stain in 160 patients with pN0 early gastric cancer who underwent curative resection between 2000 and 2005.ResultsWe identified lymph node MM in 34 of 160 patients (21.3%), and in 84 of 1,656 lymph nodes (5.1%). MM occurred as single‐cell type in 10 patients and as cell cluster type in 24 patients. MM was significantly associated with tumor size (P = 0.041) and lymphatic invasion (P = 0.008). The statistically significant prognostic factors affecting 5‐year survival rates were depth of tumor invasion (P = 0.020), tumor size (P = 0.035), lymphatic invasion (P = 0.018), MM (P < 0.001), and type of MM (P < 0.001). Cox regression survival analysis revealed that the presence of MM, and particularly the cluster‐type MM (P < 0.001), were independent prognostic factors in pN0 early gastric cancer patients.ConclusionsThe incidence of lymph node MM in patients with node negative early gastric cancer was 21.3%, and cancer cell cluster type of MM proved a primary independent prognostic factor for pN0 early gastric cancer patients. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011;103:53–56. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of 151 consecutive gastric submucosal tumors according to tumor location
Authors: Lee Han Hong , Hur Hoon , Jung Hun , Jeon Hae Myung , Park Cho Hyun , Song Kyo Young 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the histopathological characteristics of gastric submucosal tumors (SMTs) according to their location.MethodsA retrospective analysis of a prospective database of 151 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for gastric SMTs between 2001 and 2009 was performed.ResultsOf 151 gastric SMTs, 100 (66.2%) were gastrointestinal stromal tumors, 21 (13.9%) were leiomyomas, and 30 (19.9%) were other benign tumors. Leiomyoma was the most common neoplasm at the cardia (55.2%; P < 0.05), and the incidence of endophytic cardia tumors was higher compared with other locations (65.5%; P < 0.05). SMTs located at the cardia were significantly smaller than those found in the upper third (2.6 ± 1.0 vs. 4.1 ± 3.0; P < 0.05) and middle third (2.6 ± 1.0 vs. 3.9 ± 3.3; P < 0.05) of the stomach.ConclusionsThe characteristics of gastric SMTs located at the cardia differ significantly from those of gastric SMTs located in other regions of the stomach. These findings suggest that treatment strategy should be tailored by the location of tumors. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011;104:72–75. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A matrix solid‐phase dispersion–gel permeation chromatography–programmed temperature vaporisation–GC‐MS procedure for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in mussel samples
Authors: Fernández‐González Verónica , Concha‐Graña Estefanía , Muniategui‐Lorenzo Soledad , López‐Mahía Purificación , Fernández‐Fernández Esther , Prada‐Rodríguez Dario 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA simultaneous matrix solid‐phase dispersion extraction‐gel permeation chromatography cleanup with programmed temperature vaporisation GC‐MS determination is proposed for the analysis of parent and alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in mussel samples. The parameters affecting the extraction and elution efficiency were studied. Final conditions were: 0.5 g of mussel sample, 0.5 g diatomaceous earth as dispersant; and 4 g of Bio‐Beads S‐X3 for the gel permeation chromatography. Ethyl acetate/hexane (1:1, v/v) was selected for the elimination of the lipid fraction and the elution of PAHs. The detection and quantification limits achieved with this procedure were between 0.01 μg/kg and 0.67 μg/kg and 0.02 μg/kg and 1.93 μg/kg, respectively. The linearity of the method ranged between 5 μg/kg and 1000 μg/kg for most of the studied PAHs. The method was validated by the analysis of mussel tissue reference material (SRM 2977). The repeatability, intermediate precision and accuracy of the method obtained are in excellent agreement with the certified values. The proposed method is simple, precise and robust; no special instruments or costly equipment are required, and a reduction in the total time of analysis, sample handling and solvent consumption is achieved in comparison with classic procedures.
Molecular‐imprinted polymer extraction combined with dispersive liquid–liquid micro‐extractionfor ultra‐preconcentration of mononitrotoluene
Authors: Ebrahimzadeh Homeira , Abedi Hamid , Yamini Yadollah , Adlnasab Laleh 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMolecular‐imprinted polymer (MIP) combined with dispersive liquid–liquid micro‐extraction (DLLME) were developed for ultra‐preconcentration and determination of mononitrotoluenes in wastewater samples using gas chromatography–flame ionization detector. MIP was synthesized by copolymerization of methacrylic acid–ethylene glycole dimethacrylate–2,2‐azobisisobutyronitrile as the initiator that imprinted with 3‐nitrotoluene as the template molecule. Effects of several factors, such as type and volume of eluent, adsorption, and desorption times of the analyte on the polymer, and breakthrough volume were investigated. Optimization of 3‐nitrotoluene extraction from MIP was studied forward followed by DLLME. Preconcentration factor of MIP‐DLLME method was about 2800 under the optimum conditions. The LOD of the proposed method was 0.02 μg/L and a linear dynamic range in the range of 0.04–20 μg/L was obtained. The performance of the present method was evaluated for extraction and determination of nitrotoluene compounds in wastewater samples in the range of microgram per liter and satisfactory results were achieved (RSD<13%).
Financial cost–benefit analysis of bench terraces in Rwanda
Authors: Bizoza A. R. , de Graaff J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBench terracing has received considerable attention from soil and water conservation (SWC) programmes involved in soil erosion control in Rwanda. It is questioned, however, whether enough attention is paid to the suitability of the soils and to the eventual financial profitability. Terraces may reduce soil erosion and increase production but they should also provide sufficient financial gains at farm level. A plot level financial cost–benefit analysis was undertaken to examine under which social and economic conditions bench terraces are financially viable in Northern and Southern Rwanda. Farmers' estimates of respective costs and potato yields from plots with subsidized and un‐subsidized bench terraces, progressive terraces and plots with no terraces at all were obtained for the analysis. Costs of labour and manure were found to be the most influential for the profitability of bench and progressive terraces. While the cost–benefit analysis, using market prices, showed that bench terraces would be hardly profitable, an analysis with opportunity costs for labour and manure indicated that bench terraces and even more progressive terraces can be financially profitable. Extra measures and incentives may be required to facilitate use of labour and access to manure, as now achieved with the one cow per family policy. This paper suggests that further studies should be undertaken to determine costs and benefits of bench terraces beyond private perspective in Rwanda. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Sterilization on Non‐woven Polyethylene Terephthalate Fiber Structures for Vascular Grafts
Authors: Dimitrievska Sashka , Petit Alain , Doillon Charles J. , Epure Laura , Ajji Abdellah , Yahia L'Hocine , Bureau Martin N. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractNon‐woven polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers produced via melt blowing and compounded into a 6 mm diameter 3D tubular scaffold were developed with artery matching mechanical properties. This work compares the effects of ethylene oxide (EtO) and low temperature plasma (LTP) sterilization on PET surface chemistry and biocompatibility. As seen through X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, LTP sterilization led to an increase in overall oxygen content and the creation of new hydroxyl groups. EtO sterilization induced alkylation of the PET polymer. The in vitro cytotoxicity showed similar fibroblastic viability on LTP‐ and EtO‐treated PET fibers. However, TNF‐α release levels, indicative of macrophage activation, were significantly higher when macrophages were incubated on EtO‐treated PET fibers. Subcutaneous mice implantation revealed an inflammatory response with foreign body reaction to PET grafts independent of the sterilization procedure.
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Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Nanofilms Used as Thin Materials for Cell Mechano‐Sensitivity Studies
Authors: Boudou Thomas , Crouzier Thomas , Nicolas Claire , Ren Kefeng , Picart Catherine 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThree types of multilayer films made from poly(L‐lysine)/hyaluronan, chitosan/hyaluronan, and poly(allylamine hydrochloride)/poly(L‐glutamic acid), were used to investigate the interplay between film mechano–chemical properties and cell adhesion. We showed that C2C12 myoblast adhesion and proliferation depended on the extent of film cross‐linking for all films whatever their internal chemistry. Cell spreading areas were found to correlate with the film's stiffness and to be distributed over a unique curve. Immuno‐staining of the cytoskeletal components revealed the formation of F‐actin stress fibers and vinculin plaques only on stiff films. Finally, we compared our results with previous studies performed on polyacrylamide and PDMS gels, two recognized materials for mechano‐sensitivity studies. We found that the effect of substrate stiffness on cell spreading is material‐dependent.
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Influence of water vapour on high temperature oxidation of steels used in petroleum refinery heaters
Authors: Sultan A. , Karakaya İ. , Erdoğan M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe oxidation behaviours of three different steels used in the construction of petroleum refinery heaters were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) technique. C‐5, P‐11 and P‐22 steel samples were tested in two different environments: air and CO2 + 2H2O + 7.52N2, a gas composition which simulates the combustion products of natural gas, at 450 and 500 °C. P‐22 steel had the best oxidation resistance at both temperatures in air. In CO2 + 2H2O + 7.52N2 environment, the oxidations of all the steels were accelerated and C‐5 exhibited better oxidation resistance than P‐22 and P‐11.Analyses of oxidation products by optical microscopy, SEM‐EDX and XRD were carried out to correlate TGA results to oxide composition and morphology. The lower oxidation rate of P‐22 in air was explained with reference to the formation of a protective Cr‐containing oxide layer between the steel and the iron oxide scale. The higher oxidation rates of chromium containing steels in CO2 + 2H2O + 7.52N2 environment were attributed to the depletion of protective Cr‐containing oxide scale, which was deduced from the lower Cr content of this layer than that formed in air oxidation, as a result of probably faster oxidation of Cr even inside the steel. Therefore, the oxidation mechanisms of FeCr alloys with intermediate Cr contents at higher temperatures could also be valid for steels with low chromium contents such as P‐22 (2.25%) even at 450 and 500 °C.
Effect of sodium silicate pretreatment on phosphate layer: Morphology and corrosion resistance behavior
Authors: Wang J. , Zhou W. , Du Y. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPhosphating is a widely adopted treatment in industry for many purposes. In this paper, carbon steel was pretreated with sodium silicate before phosphating. X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electrochemical measurements were used to evaluate the pretreatment effect by sodium silicate on the phosphating layer. The results demonstrate that the phosphate layer pretreated by sodium silicate has a better corrosion resistance as compared with the un‐pretreated ones. More compact and uniform coatings composed of finer crystals were obtained with the pretreatment of sodium silicate.
Corrosion in alkanolamine used for acid gas removal: From natural gas processing to CO2 capture
Authors: Kittel J. , Fleury E. , Vuillemin B. , Gonzalez S. , Ropital F. , Oltra R. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to review some of the parameters influencing the corrosivity of alkanolamine solvents used for natural gas purification or for CO2 capture. In the light of literature data and of new experimental results, the influences of temperature and of acid gas loading are discussed. These two parameters appear to have a strong impact on corrosion rates of carbon steel, with extrapolated corrosion rates of several tens of mm/year for the highest temperature and acid gas loading condition.It is then proposed to discuss about similarities and differences between natural gas processing and CO2 capture from flue gas. For both applications, alkanolamine processes are used. Still, differences can be found in operating parameters. The most significant gap concerns the lean amine sections. In acid gas treatment, the regeneration of the solvent is often performed down to zero loading. Under these conditions, an extremely low corrosivity of the lean solvent is expected. On the contrary, CO2 capture from flue gas requires only a partial stripping of the CO2 in the regeneration section, due to energy efficiency reasons. Then, the lean solvent still contains some acid gas, and subsequently a higher corrosivity.Finally, the general principles for material selection for the different parts of acid gas removal units are discussed, considering both cases of natural gas processing or CO2 capture.
Effect of atmosphere composition on the oxidation behavior of MCrAlY coatings
Authors: Song P. , Subanovic M. , Toscano J. , Naumenko D. , Quadakkers W. J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn the present work the effect of atmosphere composition on the growth rate and adherence of the alumina scales was studied using free‐standing MCrAlY‐coatings and TBC‐specimens with MCrAlY‐bondcoats. The exposures comprised isothermal and cyclic exposures in laboratory air and Ar‐H2‐H2O at 1100 °C.It is shown that minor Zr‐addition to the bondcoat results in enhanced scale growth and internal oxidation. This effect is independent of the atmosphere composition. As a consequence of the rapid oxide formation the times to TBC failure on the Zr‐containing bondcoat in both atmospheres were much shorter compared to those with Zr‐free bondcoat. In the latter case the formation of a thin compact alumina TGO was slower in H2/H2O than in air resulting in significantly longer TBC‐lifetime in the former atmosphere.
Internal surface protection of gas turbine blade by Si‐aluminide coating
Authors: Firouzi A. , Shirvani K. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA laboratory‐scale slurry silicoaluminizing process has been developed to apply coating into cooling passageways of a first‐stage gas turbine blade. Analytical techniques for characterizing the coatings comprised optical microscopy, SEM, EDS, and XRD. The results of metallographic examinations demonstrated that acceptable coatings had been formed in almost all of the passageways. The amounts of Al and Si in the topcoat were found to be in the ranges of 24–26 wt% and 4.5–6 wt%, respectively. The heat treated coating consisted largely of β‐NiAl phase as the coating matrix with uniform distribution of <2 µm‐size precipitates. In addition, oxidation and hot corrosion performance of the coatings were investigated by cyclic exposure to 1100 °C and the furnace method using a mixture of sodium sulfate‐40 wt% sodium vanadate‐10 wt% sodium chloride at 780 °C, respectively. It was found that the presence of Si in the coating improves both oxidation and hot corrosion Type II properties.
Thermoresponsive Copolymer Cryogel Possessing Molecular Memory: Synthesis, Energetics of Collapse and Interaction with Ligands
Authors: Burova Tatiana V. , Grinberg Natalia V. , Kalinina Elena V. , Ivanov Roman V. , Lozinsky Vladimir I. , Alvarez‐Lorenzo Carmen , Grinberg Valerij Y. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAn imprinted thermoresponsive cryogel of copolymer of N‐isopropylacrylamide and N‐[3‐(N,N′‐dimethylamino)propyl]acrylamide was synthesized in a frozen (−10 °C) aqueous medium in presence of a molecular template, the drug substance ibuprofen. A reversible volume phase transition upon heating (thermotropic collapse) of the swollen cryogel was studied by high‐sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry. In the absence of ligands, the transition temperature, enthalpy, and width were 82.5 °C, 9.8 J · g−1 and 32.2 °C, respectively. Significant changes in the transition parameters were observed in presence of the template ligand (ibuprofen): with increasing ligand concentration the transition temperature decreased down to 30 °C, the enthalpy passed through a minimum, and the transition width notably reduced. The binding constants of ibuprofen by the cryogel subchains in the collapsed and swollen states were 119 and 5 M−1, respectively. This implies a preferential binding of ibuprofen by the shrunken cryogel. The excess absorption of ibuprofen by the cryogel related to its collapse amounted to 0.327 mmol · g−1 while for all other ligands that were structural analogs of ibuprofen this parameter did not exceed 0.016 mmol · g−1. Consequently, the imprinted cryogel possessed a selective molecular memory toward the template ligand.
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