bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Furan carcinogenicity: DNA binding and genotoxicity of furan in rats in vivo
Authors: Neuwirth Carolin , Mosesso Pasquale , Pepe Gaetano , Fiore Mario , Malfatti Mike , Turteltaub Ken , Dekant Wolfgang , Mally Angela 
Published: August 2012

ScopeFuran is a potent hepatotoxicant and liver carcinogen in rodents. However, short‐term tests for genotoxicity of furan are inconclusive. The aim of this study was to assess the potential of furan to covalently bind to DNA, and to assess furan genotoxicity in rats in vivo.Materials and methodsAccelerator mass spectrometry was used to determine the 14C‐content in DNA following administration of [3,4–14C]‐furan (0.1 and 2.0 mg/kg bw) to F344 rats. DNA damage, micronuclei, chromosomal aberrations, and sister chromatid exchanges were analyzed in F344 rats treated with furan for up to 28 days.ConclusionThe 14C‐content in liver DNA was significantly increased in a dose‐dependent manner, with mean concentrations of 7.9 ± 3.5 amol 14C/μg DNA and 153.3 ± 100.2 amol 14C/μg DNA, corresponding to 16.5 ± 7.4 and 325.2 ± 212.7 adducts/109 nucleotides at 0.1 and 2.0 mg/kg bw, respectively. There was no evidence for genotoxicity of furan in peripheral blood and bone marrow cells. However, a dose‐related increase in the incidence of chromosomal aberrations in rat splenocytes and some indication of DNA damage in liver were observed. Collectively, results from this study indicate that furan may operate—at least in part—by a genotoxic mode of action.
A generalized assignment model for dynamic supply chain capacity planning
Authors: Mazzola Joseph B. , Neebe Alan W. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe consider a generalization of the well‐known generalized assignment problem (GAP) over discrete time periods encompassed within a finite planning horizon. The resulting model, MultiGAP, addresses the assignment of tasks to agents within each time period, with the attendant single‐period assignment costs and agent‐capacity constraint requirements, in conjunction with transition costs arising between any two consecutive periods in which a task is reassigned to a different agent. As is the case for its single‐period antecedent, MultiGAP offers a robust tool for modeling a wide range of capacity planning problems occurring within supply chain management. We provide two formulations for MultiGAP and establish that the second (alternative) formulation provides a tighter bound. We define a Lagrangian relaxation‐based heuristic as well as a branch‐and‐bound algorithm for MultiGAP. Computational experience with the heuristic and branch‐and‐bound algorithm on over 2500 test problems is reported. The Lagrangian heuristic consistently generates high‐quality and in many cases near‐optimal solutions. The branch‐and‐bound algorithm is also seen to constitute an effective means for solving to optimality MultiGAP problems of reasonable size. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2012
Dietary, lifestyle and clinicopathological factors associated with APC mutations and promoter methylation in colorectal cancers from the EPIC‐Norfolk study
Authors: Gay Laura J , Mitrou Panagiota N , Keen Jennifer , Bowman Richard , Naguib Adam , Cooke James , Kuhnle Gunter G , Burns Philip A , Luben Robert , Lentjes Marleen , Khaw Kay‐Tee , Ball Richard Y , Ibrahim Ashraf EK , Arends Mark J 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe tumour suppressor APC is the most commonly altered gene in colorectal cancer (CRC). Genetic and epigenetic alterations of APC may therefore be associated with dietary and lifestyle risk factors for CRC. Analysis of APC mutations in the extended mutation cluster region (codons 1276‐1556) and APC promoter 1A methylation was performed on 185 archival CRC samples collected from participants of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC)‐Norfolk study, with the aim of relating these to high‐quality seven‐day dietary and lifestyle data collected prospectively. Truncating APC mutations (APC+) and promoter 1A methylation (PM+) were identified in 43% and 23% of CRCs analysed, respectively. Distal CRCs were more likely than proximal CRCs to be APC+ or PM+ (p = 0.04). APC+ CRCs were more likely to be moderately/well differentiated and microsatellite stable than APC− CRCs (p = 0.05 and 0.03). APC+ CRC cases consumed more alcohol than their counterparts (p = 0.01) and PM+ CRC cases consumed lower levels of folate and fibre (p = 0.01 and 0.004). APC+ or PM+ CRC cases consumed higher levels of processed meat and iron from red meat and red meat products (p = 0.007 and 0.006). Specifically, CRC cases harbouring GC‐to‐AT transition mutations consumed higher levels of processed meat (35 versus 24 g/day, p = 0.04) and iron from red meat and red meat products (0.8 versus 0.6 mg/day, p = 0.05). In a logistic regression model adjusted for age, sex and cigarette‐smoking status, each 19 g/day (1SD) increment increase in processed meat consumption was associated with cases with GC‐to‐AT mutations (OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.03–2.75). In conclusion, APC+ and PM+ CRCs may be influenced by diet and GC‐to‐AT mutations in APC are associated with processed meat consumption, suggesting a mechanistic link with dietary alkylating agents, such as N‐nitroso compounds. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cold plasma modification of boron nitride fillers and its effect on the thermal conductivity of silicone rubber/boron nitride composites
Authors: Ji Tuo , Zhang Li‐Qun , Wang Wen‐Cai , Liu Yu , Zhang Xiao‐Feng , Lu Yong‐Lai 
Published: August 2012

AbstractHexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) fillers were first coated with low‐molecular‐weight polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) by solution dispersion and then treated in argon plasma for different times. The modified h‐BN fillers were characterized by high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and contact angle analysis. The results revealed that a thin PDMS film several nanometers thick was tightly coated on the surface of the h‐BN filler after plasma treatment, and this thin film could not be removed by 48 h Soxhlet extraction with n‐hexane at 120°C. Furthermore, the effect of plasma modification on the h‐BN filled silicone rubber composites was investigated. The results indicated that the plasma modification improved the interfacial interaction between h‐BN and the matrix, but hardly affected the distribution state of the h‐BN in the composites. The composites filled with the modified h‐BN exhibit significantly higher thermal conductivity than the composites filled with untreated h‐BN. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Ferromagnetic polyaniline/TiO2 nanocomposites
Authors: Radoičić Marija , Šaponjić Zoran , Ćirić‐Marjanović Gordana , Konstantinović Zorica , Mitrić Miodrag , Nedeljković Jovan 
Published: August 2012

AbstractNovel ferromagnetic semiconducting polyaniline PANI/TiO2 nanocomposites were synthesized by the oxidative polymerization of aniline with ammonium peroxydisulfate in an aqueous medium, in the presence of colloidal TiO2 nanoparticles (d ∼ 4.5 nm), without added acid. The morphological, magnetic, structural, and optical properties of the PANI/TiO2 nanocomposites prepared at initial aniline/TiO2 mole ratios 80, 40, and 20 were studied by scanning electron microscopy, superconducting quantum interference device, X‐ray powder diffraction, FTIR, Raman, and UV‐Vis spectroscopies. The emeraldine salt form of linear PANI chains as well as the presence of phenazine units, branched PANI chains, and anatase crystalline structure of TiO2 in PANI/TiO2 nanocomposites was confirmed by FTIR and Raman spectroscopies. The electrical conductivity of synthesized composites was ∼10−3 S cm−1. The room temperature ferromagnetic response with coercive field of Hc ∼ 300 Oe and the remanent magnetization of Mr ∼ 4.35 × 10−4 emu/g was detected in all investigated PANI/TiO2 nanocomposites. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
A perspective on emerging polymer technologies for bisphenol‐A replacement
Authors: Nelson Ashley M , Long Timothy E 
Published: August 2012

AbstractRecent attention surrounds bisphenol‐A (BPA) due to potential estrogen mimicry and human health hazards. The public's negative reactions to these concerns threaten the commercial use of BPA requiring the global polymer community to investigate suitable replacements for commercial products that demand very good thermal and mechanical properties from BPA. This review highlights four classes of polymers that often utilize BPA for enhancing specific properties: polycarbonates, polyesters, epoxies and polyimides. A compilation of recent efforts involving the design of BPA‐free polymers is provided. Alternative monomers include 2,2,4,4‐tetramethyl‐1,3‐cyclobutanediol and isosorbide, and emerging polymers that exhibit acceptable thermal and mechanical properties are discussed. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Towards high‐efficiency multi‐junction solar cells with biologically inspired nanosurfaces
Authors: Yu Peichen , Chiu Meng‐Yih , Chang Chia‐Hua , Hong Chung‐Yu , Tsai Yu‐Lin , Han Hau‐Vei , Wu Yu‐Rue 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTMulti‐junction solar cells offer extremely high power conversion efficiency with minimal semiconductor material usage, and hence are promising for large‐scale electricity generation. However, suppressing optical reflection in the UV regime is particularly challenging due to the lack of adequate dielectric materials. In this work, bio‐inspired antireflective structures are demonstrated on a monolithically grown Ga0.5In0.5P/In0.01Ga0.99As/Ge triple‐junction solar cell, which overcome the limited optical response of reference devices. The fabricated device also exhibits omni‐directional enhancement of photocurrent and power conversion efficiency, offering a viable solution to concentrated illumination with large angles of incidence. A comprehensive design scheme is further developed to tailor the reflectance spectrum for maximum photocurrent output of tandem cells. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Standardized Assessment of Personality—Abbreviated Scale as a screening instrument for personality disorders in substance‐dependent criminal offenders
Authors: Jansen Brigitte P. M. , Damen Katinka F. M. , Hoffman Tonko O. , Vellema Sietske L. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTPersonality disorders (PDs) are considered to be potential predictors of treatment outcome in substance‐dependent patients and potential treatment matching variables. There is a need for a brief and simple screening instrument for PDs that can be used in routine psychological assessment, especially in a treatment setting for previously substance‐dependent criminal offenders, where a high prevalence of PDs is expected.This study investigated the psychometric properties of the Standardized Assessment of Personality—Abbreviated Scale (SAPAS), a commonly used screening interview for PDs, in a population of inpatient criminal offenders with a history of substance dependence. Various statistical procedures were used to establish reliability and validity measures, such as Kuder–Richardson 20, confirmative factor analysis, receiver operating characteristic analysis and multitrait multimethod matrix. The SAPAS was administered to 101 inpatient criminal offenders with a history of substance dependence at baseline. Within three weeks, participants were administered the Structured Interview for DSM‐IV Personality in order to assess the presence of PDs.Results show limited evidence to make firm conclusions on the psychometric qualities of the SAPAS as a screening instrument for comorbid PDs in a substance dependence treatment setting for criminal offenders. Suggestions for improvement concerning the psychometric qualities of the SAPAS as a screening instrument for this population are noted. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and clustering of supramolecular “graft” polymers
Authors: Hackethal Katharina , Herbst Florian , Binder Wolfgang H. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe synthesis and melt rheology of supramolecular poly(isobutylene) polymers bearing statistically distributed hydrogen‐bonding moieties is reported, aiming at understanding the formation of the underlying supramolecular networks for self‐healing polymers. Two different hydrogen bonds were incorporated into a poly(isobutylene) (PIB) copolymer, one based on a (weak) pyridinium/pyridine interaction, the other based on a (stronger) 2,6‐diaminotriazine/thymine interaction. A direct copolymerization based on living cationic polymerization of isobutene and the comonomers 1, 2, and 4 in amounts of 1 mol % lead to the copolymers PIB‐1, PIB‐2, and PIB‐4 with a content of ∼1 mol % of comonomer and molecular weights ranging from ∼2000 to 19,000 g mol−1 (Mw/Mn ∼ 1.2–1.5). Subsequent azide/alkyne “click” chemistry enabled the attachment of 2,6‐diaminotriazine‐ and thymine‐moieties to yield the copolymers PIB‐5, PIB‐6, and PIB‐7. Proof of the statistical incorporation of ∼1 mol % of hydrogen‐bonding moieties was achieved by 1H NMR spectroscopy and matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization measurements. The true presence of a supramolecular network in PIB‐1 (pyridinium/pyridine interaction) as well as with 1/1 blends of PIBs interacting via the 2,6‐diaminotriazine/thymine interaction (PIB‐5/PIB‐6) was proven via the increasing plateau modulus with increasing molecular weights (5.5k, 9.9k, 12.4k, 16k, and 19k). Dynamics of the hydrogen bonds in the melt state was investigated by determining the effective cluster lifetime (τ) observing a clear difference in the (weaker) pyridinium/pyridine interaction (τ ∼ 1 s) to the 2,6‐ (stronger) diamintriazine/thymine interaction (τ ∼ 100 s). The so‐generated materials will be useful as a basis for self‐healing polymers, as dynamics plays a major role in such polymers. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
A facile “graft from” method to prepare molecular‐level dispersed graphene–polymer composites
Authors: Cui Liang , Liu Jingquan , Wang Rui , Liu Zhen , Yang Wenrong 
Published: August 2012

AbstractGraphene–polymer composites of positive‐charged poly(dimethyl aminoethyl acrylate), negative‐charged poly(acrylic acid), and neutral polystyrene were prepared by “graft from” methodology using reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization via a pyrene functional RAFT agent (PFRA) modified graphene precursor. Fluorescence spectroscopy and attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR‐IR) evidenced that the PFRA was attached on the graphene basal planes by π–π stacking interactions, which is strong enough to anti‐dissociation in the polymerization mixture up to 80°C. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed that the thickness of a graphene–polymer sheet was about 4.0 nm. Graphene composites of different polymers with the same polymerization degree exhibited similar conductivity; however, when the polymer chain was designed as random copolymer the conductivity was significantly decreased. It was also observed that the longer the grafted polymer chains the lower the conductivity. ATR‐IR spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis were also performed to characterize the as‐prepared composites. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Viscosity studies of poly(DL‐lactic acid) in supercritical CO2
Authors: Kelly Catherine A. , Howdle Steven M. , Shakesheff Kevin M. , Jenkins Mike J. , Leeke Gary A. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe effect of supercritical CO2 on the viscosity and activation energy to viscous flow of PDLLA is investigated, using a high pressure parallel plate rheometer, over a range of temperatures (50–140 °C) and pressures (5–12 MPa). The Cross model is fitted to the data to enable calculation of the zero shear viscosity and critical shear rate. A significant decrease in the viscosity is observed on increasing both variables; however, at high temperatures, the pressure effect becomes negligible. An increase in the critical shear rate is also observed on raising the pressure, indicative of a reduction in the relaxation time of the polymer. Manipulation of the Arrhenius equation shows a reduction in the activation energy to viscous flow as the pressure is increased. Together, these results show that the melt processing temperature of PDLLA can be reduced in the presence of supercritical and high pressure CO2. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2012
Accumulation of Excess Ground Ice in an Age Sequence of Drained Thermokarst Lake Basins, Arctic Alaska
Authors: Bockheim J. G. , Hinkel K. M. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTThe excess ice content of near‐surface permafrost near Barrow, Alaska, was estimated using cores collected from 57 drained thermokarst‐lake basins and additional cores from a nearby landform unaffected by thaw‐lake processes. The excess ice content, estimated using soil cryostructures, increased with surface age: from 20 per cent in young basins < 50 years in age to 40 per cent in ancient basins that drained 2000–5500 years ago. The frequency of ice wedges encountered during coring increased from 0 per cent in young basins to 50 per cent in ancient basins. These results indicate that the volume of ground ice increases rapidly immediately following lake drainage, as permafrost aggrades into unfrozen basin sediments. Ice enrichment continues over time by incorporating meteoric water as ice veins and lenses, and expanding networks of ice wedges. To test the efficacy of visually estimating excess ice content, the ice content was measured on a subsample of cores; measured volumetric values were strongly correlated (r2 = 0.72; p < 0.001) to the estimated excess ice content. The results of this study have important implications for estimating soil organic carbon content of soils with abundant excess ice, and for evaluating the susceptibility of these soils to thermokarst. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Risk‐based approach for evaluating safety events in large plants
Authors: Shah Jatin N. , Shaffer Dorothy Maxwell 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIn the nitrogen fertilizer industry, potentially severe impacts can stem from toxic, fire, and explosion hazards from accidental releases and hazards associated with failures in high pressure equipment. While consequence analysis can be used to calculate the severity (as measured by the personnel or buildings in the hazard zone), the very large zones associated with some of the most severe scenarios essentially place the entire facility within the hazard zone, leaving few practical options to mitigate the consequence. Using a quantitative risk analysis approach, which evaluates both the consequence and likelihood of potential events at fertilizer sites, provides additional insight to help make informed decisions about the best way to minimize the risk exposure. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2012
The non‐target impact of spinosyns on beneficial arthropods
Authors: Biondi Antonio , Mommaerts Veerle , Smagghe Guy , Viñuela Elisa , Zappalà Lucia , Desneux Nicolas 
Published: August 2012

AbstractSpinosyn‐based products, mostly spinosad, have been widely recommended by extension specialists and agribusiness companies; consequently, they have been used to control various pests in many different cropping systems. Following the worldwide adoption of spinosad‐based products for integrated and organic farming, an increasing number of ecotoxicological studies have been published in the past 10 years. These studies are primarily related to the risk assessment of spinosad towards beneficial arthropods. This review takes into account recent data with the aim of (i) highlighting potentially adverse effects of spinosyns on beneficial arthropods (and hence on ecosystem services that they provide in agroecosystems), (ii) clarifying the range of methods used to address spinosyn side effects on biocontrol agents and pollinators in order to provide new insights for the development of more accurate bioassays, (iii) identifying pitfalls when analysing laboratory results to assess field risks and (iv) gaining increasing knowledge on side effects when using spinosad for integrated pest management (IPM) programmes and organic farming. For the first time, a thorough review of possible risks of spinosad and novel spinosyns (such as spinetoram) to beneficial arthropods (notably natural enemies and pollinators) is provided. The acute lethal effect and multiple sublethal effects have been identified in almost all arthropod groups studied. This review will help to optimise the future use of spinosad and new spinosyns in IPM programmes and for organic farming, notably by preventing the possible side effects of spinosyns on beneficial arthropods. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Microwave assisted synthesis of Cu2ZnSnS4 colloidal nanoparticle inks
Authors: Flynn Brendan , Wang Wei , Chang Chih‐hung , Herman Gregory S. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractCu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) nanoparticle inks were synthesized for the first time by a one‐pot synthesis method using microwave heating. Precursor solutions were mixed and reacted at 190 °C for 30 min. Varying the initial concentration of the metal chlorides in ethylene glycol was necessary to avoid formation of copper rich and zinc poor nanoparticles. Analysis of the reaction supernatant indicates that Cu+ was fully utilized while significant amounts of Zn2+ remained unreacted. The CZTS nanoparticles were determined to be 7.6 ± 2.1 nm in diameter and were found to agglomerate into larger clusters. A solar cell fabricated with the CZTS nanoparticles had a conversion efficiency of 0.25%.
Breastmilk Is a Novel Source of Stem Cells with Multilineage Differentiation Potential
Authors: Hassiotou Foteini , Beltran Adriana , Chetwynd Ellen , Stuebe Alison M. , Twigger Alecia-Jane , Metzger Philipp , Trengove Naomi , Lai Ching Tat , Filgueira Luis , Blancafort Pilar , Hartmann Peter E. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
The mammary gland undergoes significant remodeling during pregnancy and lactation, which is fuelled by controlled mammary stem cell (MaSC) proliferation. The scarcity of human lactating breast tissue specimens and the low numbers and quiescent state of MaSCs in the resting breast have hindered understanding of both normal MaSC dynamics and the molecular determinants that drive their aberrant self-renewal in breast cancer. Here, we demonstrate that human breastmilk contains stem cells (hBSCs) with multilineage properties. Breastmilk cells from different donors displayed variable expression of pluripotency genes normally found in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). These genes included the transcription factors (TFs) OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, known to constitute the core self-renewal circuitry of hESCs. When cultured in the presence of mouse embryonic feeder fibroblasts, a population of hBSCs exhibited an encapsulated ESC-like colony morphology and phenotype and could be passaged in secondary and tertiary clonogenic cultures. While self-renewal TFs were found silenced in the normal resting epithelium, they were dramatically upregulated in breastmilk cells cultured in 3D spheroid conditions. Furthermore, hBSCs differentiated in vitro into cell lineages from all three germ layers. These findings provide evidence that breastmilk represents a novel and noninvasive source of patient-specific stem cells with multilineage potential and establish a method for expansion of these cells in culture. They also highlight the potential of these cells to be used as novel models to understand adult stem cell plasticity and breast cancer, with potential use in bioengineering and tissue regeneration.