bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Structures of New Azobenzene Derivatives with a 3-Guaiazulenylvinyl Group
Authors: Takekuma Shin-ichi , Fukuda Kenji , Minematsu Toshie , Takekuma Hideko 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Wittig reactions of (E)-4-(4-methoxyphenyldiazenyl)benzaldehyde and (E)-4-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyldiazenyl]benzaldehyde with (3-guaiazulenylmethyl)triphenylphosphonium bromide in ethanol in the presence of sodium ethoxide at 25 °C for 24 h under argon give only E forms (E)-4-{(E)-4-[2-(3-guaiazulenyl)vinyl]phenyldiazenyl}methoxybenzene and (E)-N,N-dimethyl-4-{(E)-4-[2-(3-guaiazulenyl)vinyl]phenyldiazenyl}aniline in 71 and 73% yields. Comparative studies on spectroscopic properties and crystal structures of the two new extended π-electron systems with those of structurally related (and delocalized) π-electron systems (3-guaiazulenyl)[(E)-4-(4-methoxyphenyldiazenyl)phenyl]methylium ion and {(E)-4-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyldiazenyl]phenyl}(3-guaiazulenyl)methylium ion compounds are reported. Similarly, Wittig reaction of (E)-diphenyldiazene-4,4′-dicarbaldehyde with the same reagent under the same reaction conditions as the above affords only E forms (E)-4-{(E)-4-[2-(3-guaiazulenyl)vinyl]phenyldiazenyl}benzaldehyde and (E)-bis{(E)-4-[2-(3-guaiazulenyl)vinyl]phenyl}diazene in 7 and 24% yields. Furthermore, reaction of guaiazulene (=7-isopropyl-1,4-dimethylazulene) with (E)-diphenyldiazene-4,4′-dicarbaldehyde in methanol in the presence of hexafluorophosphoric acid at 25 °C for 30 min provides (E)-diphenyldiazene-4,4′-bis(3-guaiazulenylmethylium) bis(hexafluorophosphate) in 46% yield which upon reduction with NaBH4 in a mixed solvent of ethanol and acetonitrile at 25 °C for 30 min gives (E)-bis[4-(3-guaiazulenylmethyl)phenyl]diazene in 88% yield. Comparative studies of spectroscopic properties of a new extended π-electron system (E)-bis{(E)-4-[2-(3-guaiazulenyl)vinyl]phenyl}diazene with those of a new delocalized π-electron system (E)-diphenyldiazene-4,4′-bis(3-guaiazulenylmethylium) bis(hexafluorophosphate) are documented.
Radical Addition of Polyhaloalkanes to 2-Ethynyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane
Authors: Wada Tatsuya , Sumida Yuto , Kondoh Azusa , Yorimitsu Hideki , Oshima Koichiro 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Radical addition of bromotrichloromethane to 2-ethynyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane takes place in the presence of a radical initiator in refluxing benzene. Perfluoroalkyl iodides undergo similar addition reactions. The addition reactions proceed in an anti fashion. The corresponding 1-halo-1-alkenylboronic esters are useful intermediates that undergo cross-coupling reactions.
Book Reviews
Authors: Lev Benjamin 
Published: November 2009

In Book Reviews, we review an extensive and diverse range of books. They cover theory and applications in operations research, statistics, management science, econometrics, mathematics, computers, and information systems. In addition, we include books in other fields that emphasize technical applications. However, we do not review software. To submit a book for review, please send it to me at the above address. Although we cannot review all books because of space limitations, we do list all books that we receive. We commission all book reviews and do not accept unsolicited reviews. To become a reviewer, please send me your name, address, and specific areas of expertise. We encourage readers to suggest books for review or to ask publishers to send copies of such books. The authors or editors of books we review in this issue are Bruce Golden, S. Raghavan, Edward Wasil, Stephen G. Powell, Robert J. Batt, and Berend Wierenga.
LaSe1.85, CeSe1.83, NdSe1.83 and SmSe1.84 – four new rare earth metal polyselenides with incommensurate site occupancy and displacive modulation
Authors: Graf Christian , Doert Thomas 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Crystals of the four new binary rare earth metal polyselenides LaSe1.85, CeSe1.83, NdSe1.83 and SmSe1.84 were obtained by flux reactions. Their two-dimensionally incommensurately modulated structures were solved from X-ray diffraction data. Structure models were established in super space group X4/n(–αβ0)(βα0)00 with modulation wave vectors
q

1 = –α

a
* + β

b
* and
q

2 = β

a
* + α

b
* and the centering vector (0, 0, 1/2, 1/2, 1/2). The unit cell parameters at T = 293 K are a = 4.216(1) Å and c = 17.048(2) Å for LaSe1.85, a = 4.178(1) Å and c = 16.942(3) Å for CeSe1.83, a = 4.123(1) Å and c = 16.792(2) Å for NdSe1.83 and a = 4.080(1) Å and c = 16.672(2) Å for SmSe1.84; the components of the modulation wave vectors are α = β = 0.292(1) for LaSe1.85 and CeSe1.83, and α = β = 0.293(1) for NdSe1.83 and SmSe1.84, respectively. The modulation originates from a site occupancy wave caused by defects in planar selenium layers coupled to a displacive modulation.
Caenorhabditis elegans unc-82 Encodes a Serine/Threonine Kinase Important for Myosin Filament Organization in Muscle During Growth
Authors: Hoppe Pamela E , Chau Johnnie , Flanagan Kelly A , Reedy April R , Schriefer Lawrence A 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Mutations in the unc-82 locus of Caenorhabditis elegans were previously identified by screening for disrupted muscle cytoskeleton in otherwise apparently normal mutagenized animals. Here we demonstrate that the locus encodes a serine/threonine kinase orthologous to human ARK5/SNARK (NUAK1/NUAK2) and related to the PAR-1 and SNF1/AMP-Activated kinase (AMPK) families. The predicted 1600-amino-acid polypeptide contains an N-terminal catalytic domain and noncomplex repetitive sequence in the remainder of the molecule. Phenotypic analyses indicate that unc-82 is required for maintaining the organization of myosin filaments and internal components of the M-line during cell-shape changes. Mutants exhibit normal patterning of cytoskeletal elements during early embryogenesis. Defects in localization of thick filament and M-line components arise during embryonic elongation and become progressively more severe as development proceeds. The phenotype is independent of contractile activity, consistent with unc-82 mutations preventing proper cytoskeletal reorganization during growth, rather than undermining structural integrity of the M-line. This is the first report establishing a role for the UNC-82/ARK5/SNARK kinases in normal development. We propose that activation of UNC-82 kinase during cell elongation regulates thick filament attachment or growth, perhaps through phosphorylation of myosin and paramyosin. We speculate that regulation of myosin is an ancestral characteristic of kinases in this region of the kinome.
A Genetic Analysis of Mortality in Pigs
Authors: Varona Luis , Sorensen Daniel 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAn analysis of mortality is undertaken in two breeds of pigs: Danish Landrace and Yorkshire. Zero-inflated and standard versions of hierarchical Poisson, binomial, and negative binomial Bayesian models were fitted using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). The objectives of the study were to investigate whether there is support for genetic variation for mortality and to study the quality of fit and predictive properties of the various models. In both breeds, the model that provided the best fit to the data was the standard binomial hierarchical model. The model that performed best in terms of the ability to predict the distribution of stillbirths was the hierarchical zero-inflated negative binomial model. The best fit of the binomial hierarchical model and of the zero-inflated hierarchical negative binomial model was obtained when genetic variation was included as a parameter. For the hierarchical binomial model, the estimate of the posterior mean of the additive genetic variance (posterior standard deviation in brackets) at the level of the logit of the probability of a stillbirth was 0.173(0.039) in Landrace and 0.202(0.048) in Yorkshire. The implications of these results from a breeding perspective are briefly discussed.
Day Case Cleft Lip Surgery in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Ugburo A. O. , Desalu I. , Adekola A. F. , Fadeyibi I. O. 
Published: November 2009

Background: The correction of cleft lip deformity has included overnight admission and postoperative ward admission from 5 to 7 days. In developing countries, increasing cost of treatment and medical insurance and shortage of bed space have led to a reduction in the length of hospitalization or its elimination for some cases of surgery. Objective: To assess the feasibility and complications associated with day case cleft lip surgery in our center. Methods: A prospective study of patients undergoing day case cleft lip repair at three hospitals from 1995 to 2005. Results: A total of 43 patients were seen. Twenty seven (63.8%) were treated as day case, and 16 (37.2%) were operated as inpatients. The mean age for patients treated as day case was 1.32 ± 1.45 years. Fifteen (55.6%) of these patients had severe associated nasal deformities, six (22.2%) had moderate nasal deformity, and four (14.83%) had mild nasal deformity. The only complication was a nasovestibular fistula that occurred in one of the day case patients. From 27 patients operated on as day cases, eight calls were received. Two (7.4%) mothers called to report febrile illness in their children on the first postoperative day. Two mothers (7.4%) reported excessive crying. The most frequent reason for postoperative consultation was obstruction of the modified nasal retainer, which occurred in four patients (14.8%). Conclusion: Day case surgery for cleft lip can be said to be safe, with a 2.3% rate of complications in selected patients. Day case surgery was a cheaper alternative to admission.
The Surgical Repair of Macrostomia
Authors: Fadeyibi I. O. , Ugburo A. O. , Ogunbanjo C. V. , Ilombu C. A. , Ademiluyi S. A. 
Published: November 2009

Background: Many surgical techniques have been described for the repair of macrostomia. However, most were designed for the repair of unilateral macrostomia. Most reports of repairs involved small numbers of patients. This has not allowed for evaluation of complications and comparison of various techniques. Objective: This study describes a modification of an older technique designed for unilateral macrostomia. Details of the operative technique used for the repair are described, along with the principles underlying the various steps. Materials and Methods: This study involves 13 patients operated for macrostomia using the same surgical technique. The patients were seen at a recent screening and mass surgery exercise for patients with orofacial and craniofacial deformities. Results: Eleven patients had bilateral macrostomia; two had unilateral macrostomia. No anesthetic or surgical complications occurred in any of the patients. All patients tolerated the procedure well. Oral continence and acceptable facial symmetry were restored in all patients, with minimal scarring.
Registry- and Clinic-Based Analyses of Birth Defects and Syndromes Associated with Cleft Lip/Palate in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Tan Tiong Yang , Amor David J. , Riley Merilyn , Halliday Jane , Kilpatrick Nicky , Simms Katrina , White Susan M. 
Published: November 2009

Objective: To study the birth defects and syndromes associated with cleft lip and/or cleft palate in children born from 2000 through 2002 in Victoria, Australia, comparing data from the birth defects registry and detailed clinical assessment. Design, Setting, and Participants: Data recorded in the Victorian Birth Defects Register were retrieved for all children with cleft lip and/or palate born from 2000 through 2002. In parallel, a cohort of children with clefts was recruited from the two cleft centers in Victoria. Clinical data were collected using structured parental interview, clinical/dysmorphologic examination, and file review. Results: Victorian Birth Defects Register records of 312 children with cleft lip and/or palate were identified, and 53 children were recruited for the clinical study. The clinical study found a higher proportion of nonisolated clefts than were listed in the registry; this was largely due to the more detailed assessment, but some selection bias was possible. Poor growth and developmental delay were most likely to predict the presence of other birth defects or a syndrome diagnosis in a child with cleft lip and/or palate. The clinical study led to modifications to 16/53 (30.2%) of records in the Victorian Birth Defects Register. Conclusions: This study provides complementary registry- and clinic-based data on cleft lip and/or palate–associated malformations and syndrome diagnoses in Australian children and emphasizes the value of having a clinician experienced in dysmorphology involved in cleft services with ongoing reporting to the Victorian Birth Defects Register.
Infant Orthopedics and Facial Growth in Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate until Six Years of Age (Dutchcleft)
Authors: Bongaarts Catharina A. M. , Prahl-Andersen Birte , Bronkhorst Ewald M. , Prahl C. , Ongkosuwito Edwin M. , Borstlap Wilfred A. , Kuijpers-Jagtman Anne M. 
Published: November 2009

Objective: To evaluate longitudinally the effect of infant orthopedics (IO) on dentofacial cephalometric variables in unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) patients from 4 to 6 years of age. Design: Prospective two-arm randomized controlled clinical trial in three cleft palate centers in The Netherlands (Dutchcleft trial). Patients: Fifty-four children with complete UCLP. Interventions: Patients were divided randomly into two groups. Half of the patients (IO+) had IO until surgical closure of the soft palate at the age of ±52 weeks; the other half (IO−) received no intervention. Mean Outcome Measures: Cephalometric values representing soft tissue, hard tissue, and dental structures, measured on lateral headfilms made at 4 and 6 years of age. Results: In the IO+ group, 21 patients were analyzed; in the IO− group, 20 patients were analyzed at age 4 and 22 at age 6. No differences were found between IO+ and IO−, except for two measurements: The interincisal angle was larger and the mentolabial angle was smaller in the IO+ group. Conclusions: For infants with UCLP whose surgical management included soft palate repair at 12 months and delayed hard palate closure, cephalometric outcomes at ages 4 and 6 provide no indication for the type of IO used in this study.
Repaired Cleft Palate and Ventilation Tubes and Their Associations with Cholesteatoma in Children and Adults
Authors: Reiter Rudolf , Haase Stephan , Brosch Sibylle 
Published: November 2009

Objective: To determine the influence of ventilation tubes (VTs) on the formation of cholesteatoma and hearing in operated cleft palate patients with chronic ear problems. Design: Retrospective 72-month follow-up of 116 operated cleft palate patients. Patients and Interventions: Demographic data, clinical examination, and hearing were evaluated. The patients were divided according to age and type of cleft and subdivided in a subgroup with (VT+) or without ventilation tube (VT−). Main Outcome Measures: The effect of ventilation tubes (VT) on the incidence of cholesteatoma formation and degree of hearing loss in operated cleft palate patients with chronic ear problems. Results: The overall incidence of cholesteatoma was 15.5% (VT+, 14.0%; VT−, 16.7%; not significant). Bilateral hearing loss of >20 dB remained in 14.0% of the VT+ patients and in 22.7% of the VT− patients (p < .05). Submucous cleft palate (SM CP) adults (n  =  15) developed high rates of cholesteatoma and hearing loss of >20 dB (both 26.7%). Conclusions: Tube insertion had no influence on the development of cholesteatoma. Adults with submucous cleft palate especially require periodic otologic evaluation because they have Eustachian tube–related otologic disease and hearing loss at a higher rate than expected.
Plasma level of myeloperoxidase in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (a pilot study)
Authors: Pruunsild Chris , Heilman Kaire , Zilmer Kersti , Uibo Karin , Liivamägi Hille , Talvik Tiina , Zilmer Mihkel , Tillmann Vallo 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
To examine the plasma levels of MPO in oligoarthritis and polyarthritis subtypes of JIA in comparison with healthy age-matched controls. Thirty-eight JIA patients (25 girls and 13 boys) aged 9.1–11.8 years and 23 healthy controls (8 girls and 15 boys) participated in the study. Twenty-one patients had oligoarthritis (8 with extended oligoarthritis) and 17 had polyarthritis (among them three were seropositive). The plasma concentration of MPO was measured by the ELISA technique (OxisResearchTM, BIOXYTECH® MPO-EIATM, Portland, OR USA). The mean plasma concentration of MPO in the JIA group was significantly higher than in the control group (76.6±24.8 µg/L versus 62.7±15.6 µg/L; p=0.01). Patients with polyarthritis presented a significantly higher mean plasma MPO level than patients with oligoarthritis (81.3±25.6 µg/L and 62.1±27.1 µg/L, respectively; p=0.02). Different subtypes of JIA may have different MPO-related backgrounds. MPO is a new potent inflammatory marker. Patients with polyarthritis have higher mean plasma MPO levels than patients with oligoarthritis and may therefore have an enhanced risk for subclinical oxidative stress-related atherogenic promotion.
Testing the general linear hypothesis Via K. Pearson’s chi-squared statistic
Authors: LaMotte Lynn 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
In a linear model Y ∼ (Xβ, σ
2
I), powers of tests of H0: H′Xβ= 0 are developed following Pearson’s (1900) formulation. The class considered comprises all tests based on linear statistics A′
Y that have expected value 0 under H0. The standard F-statistic, which is in this class, has good power properties, but others may be preferred in some settings.
Bifuzzy left h-ideals of hemirings with interval-valued membership function
Authors: Akram Muhammad 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
In this paper we apply the concept of interval-valued bifuzzy sets to hemirings. We introduce the notion of interval-valued bifuzzy left h-ideals of hemirings and investigate some of their properties. Using interval-valued bifuzzy left h-ideals, characterizations of Artinian and Noetherian hemirings are established.
Variational measures and the Kurzweil-Henstock integral
Authors: Schwabik Štefan 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
For a given continuous function F on a compact interval E in the set ℝ of reals the problem is how to describe the “total change” of F on a set M ⊂ E. Full variational measures W
F(M) and V
F(M) (see Section 2) in the sense presented by B. S. Thomson are introduced in this work to this aim. They are generated by two slightly different interval functions, namely the oscillation of F over an interval and the value of the additive interval function generated by F, respectively. They coincide with the concept of classical total variation if M is an interval and they are zero if on the set M the function F is of negligible variation.
The Kurzweil-Henstock integration is shortly described and some of its properties are studied using the variational measure W
F(M) for the indefinite integral F of an integrable function f.
Studies on a multi-point boundary value problem for second order differential equation with p-Laplacian
Authors: Liu Xingyuan , Liu Yuji 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
The existence of at least one solution of the following multi-point boundary value problem $$
\left\{ \begin{gathered}
[\varphi (x'(t))]' = f(t,x(t),x'(t)),t \in (0,1), \hfill \\
x(0) - \sum\limits_{i = 1}^m {\alpha _i x'(\xi _i ) = 0,} \hfill \\
x'(1) - \sum\limits_{i = 1}^m {\beta _i x(\xi _i ) = 0} \hfill \\
\end{gathered} \right.
$$ is studied. where α
i ∈ ℝ, β
i ∈ ℝ for all i = 1, ..., m. Examples are presented to illustrate the main result.
AN UNUSUAL NEW SPECIES OF TRIGONOPELTASTES BURMEISTER FROM CHIAPAS, MEXICO (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE: TRICHIINAE)
Authors: Howden H.F. , Ratcliffe B.C. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTrigonopeltastes thomasi sp.nov. from Sumidero Canyon National Park, Chiapas, Mexico, is described and figured. Unusual characters of the new species that relate to generic placement are discussed.
DESCRIPTION OF CYMODUSA BOREALIS, A NEW SPECIES OF ICHNEUMONIDAE FROM THE CANADIAN ARCTIC
Authors: Sanborne Michael 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCymodusa borealis sp.nov. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) is described from the Canadian arctic. This species belongs to the cruentata group of Cymodusa Holmgren (sensu Sanborne 1986).
LIFE HISTORIES, FLIGHT PATTERNS, AND RELATIVE ABUNDANCE OF NINE CUTWORMS (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) IN MANITOBA
Authors: Ayre G.L. , Lamb R.J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSix of the nine most common indigenous species of noctuid moths caught in a light trap at Glenlea, Man., over an 11-year period were univoltine and three were typically bivoltine but sometimes trivoltine. For the univoltine species, the day of peak catch and the day of 50% catch differed only by 3 days or less during 11 years. The timing of flight periods of Feltia jaculifera (Gn.), F. herilis (Grt.), Agrotis venerabilis Wlk., and Nephelodes minians Gn. were not influenced by the degree-days above 10 °C and the standard deviation of the date of 50% catch for these species was within 5–6 days. The date of 50% catch was more variable for Crymodes devastator (Brace) and Euxoa ochrogaster (Gn.), and the variation for the latter was partly explained by a relationship between flight dates and accumulated degree-days above 10 °C. For the multivoltine species, Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haw.), Discestra trifolii (Hufn.), and Xestia adela Franc., the day of peak catch for two generations also varied little from the day of 50% catch for each generation, but the day on which peaks occurred varied from year to year. Only for the first generation of D. trifolii was the day of 50% catch correlated with accumulated degree-days over 10 °C. Moth numbers for each species were not necessarily high when there were reports of crop damage by their respective larvae. There was no correlation between catches of moths in the first and second generation of multivoltine species, and there were no patterns of population trends among any of the economically important species. The life history, feeding habits, and economic importance of each species are discussed.
NEUTRAL LIPID CONTENT AND FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF 1,2-DIACYLGLYCEROLS IN THE HEMOLYMPH OF THE MALE GYPSY MOTH,LYMANTRIA DISPARL. (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE)
Authors: Clark J. Marshall , Marion J.R. , Scarano L.J. , Potter T.L. , Gosselin P.F. , Argentine J.A. , Elkinton J.S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractQualitative and quantitative changes in the neutral lipid content of hemolymph of gypsy moths,Lymantria disparL., were assayed in larval, pupal, and adult stages. The major neutral lipid constituents of the hemolymph were 1,2-diacylglycerols and ranged in nominal concentration from 1.6–3.4 (larval), 3.1–4.9(pupal),toamaximumof 19.3 μg lipid per microlitre hemolymph in the adult male. When detected, triacylglycerols and monoacylglycerols never exceed diacylglycerol concentrations. The fatty acid composition of 1,2-diacylglycerols from adult male moths (0–12 h after emergence) was determined as fatty acid methyl esters using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. Nine fatty acid structures have been assigned. Of these, five are saturated, unbranched, aliphatic fatty acids (C14:0 – C18:0) which comprise 80.5% of the total fatty acid abundance. The remaining four fatty acids consist of two saturated, methyl-branched, aliphatic compounds, a mono-unsaturated aliphatic acid, and a tri-unsaturated, tricyclic, diterpenoid acid.