bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of various pH values, ionic strength, and temperature on papain hydrolysis of salivary film
Authors: Yao Jiang‐Wu , Xiao Yin , Lin Feng 
Published: February 2012

Yao J‐W, Xiao Y, Lin F. Effect of various pH values, ionic strength, and temperature on papain hydrolysis of salivary film.

Eur Oral Sci 2012; 120: 140–146. © 2012 Eur J Oral SciStimulated human whole saliva (WS) was used to study the dynamics of papain hydrolysis at defined pH, ionic strength, and temperature with the view of reducing an acquired pellicle. A quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM‐D) was used to monitor the changes in frequency caused by enzyme hydrolysis of WS films, and the hydrolytic parameters were calculated using an empirical model. The morphological and conformational changes of the salivary films before and after enzymatic hydrolysis were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging and grazing‐angle Fourier transform infrared (GA‐FTIR ) spectra, respectively. The characteristics of papain hydrolysis of WS films were pH‐, ionic strength‐, and temperature‐dependent. The WS films were partially removed by the action of papain, resulting in thinner and smoother surfaces. The infrared data suggested that hydrolysis‐induced deformation did not occur on the remnants of salivary films. The processes of papain hydrolysis of WS films can be controlled by properly regulating pH, ionic strength, and temperature.
Explants of Intact Endometrium to Model Bovine Innate Immunity and Inflammation Ex Vivo
Authors: Borges Álan Maia , Healey Gareth David , Sheldon Iain Martin 
Published: February 2012

ProblemBacterial infections commonly cause bovine endometritis and infertility via innate immune pathways. However, mechanistic studies using isolated cells or chopped tissue may be compromised by the disruption of endometrial architecture and release of damage‐associated molecular patterns. So, this study aimed to establish an ex vivo model of intact bovine endometrium to study innate immunity and inflammation.Method of studyIntact bovine endometrium explants were collected using a sterile 8‐mm punch biopsy and cultured ex vivo with bacteria or pathogen‐associated molecules. Interleukin accumulation was measured, and tissue viability was assessed by microscopy, TdT‐mediated biotin–dUTP nick‐end labelling and lactate dehydrogenase assay.ResultsIntact endometrium explants accumulated IL‐6, IL‐1β and IL‐8 in response to Gram‐negative or Gram‐positive bacteria, and their purified pathogen‐associated molecules; inflammatory responses were dependent on the stage of oestrous cycle. Explants of intact endometrium maintained viability and tissue architecture, and had lower basal accumulation of interleukins compared with explants using chopped endometrium.ConclusionThis study established a tractable ex vivo model of intact endometrium to explore the mechanisms of immunity and inflammation in the bovine endometrium.
Graves' disease presenting with catatonia: a probable case of encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroid disease
Authors: Bharadwaj Balaji , Sugaparaneetharan Ayyanar , Rajkumar Ravi P. 
Published: February 2012

Bharadwaj B, Sugaparaneetharan A, Rajkumar RP. Graves' disease presenting with catatonia: a probable case of encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroid disease.Introduction: Encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroid disease (EAATD) is diagnosed when neuropsychiatric symptoms of acute or sub-acute onset occur along with clinical or subclinical autoimmune thyroid dysfunction. Supporting evidence includes the presence of anti-thyroid antibodies in the serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid. The thyroid hormone alteration is not sufficient to explain the neuropsychiatric manifestations. The most commonly described electroencephalographic abnormality in this condition is a generalised background slowing. Clinical descriptions of EAATD have focused mainly on neurological symptoms including seizures, loss of consciousness, myoclonus and cognitive symptoms.Case: We present the case of a 48-year-old lady who presented with catatonia. Her clinical and laboratory features were suggestive of Graves' disease which was hitherto undiagnosed. Anti-thyroid antibodies were positive. Electroencephalogram showed a brief period of temporal delta activity. The findings are suggestive of EAATD. Differential diagnoses of metabolic derangements like electrolyte imbalance, hepatic and renal failure, neuroinfections and psychiatric conditions like acute psychosis were ruled out.Discussion: Treatment involves a course of corticosteroids. Response to corticosteroids, however, is not essential for the diagnosis of EAATD as the patient may respond to symptomatic treatment alone as in our case. Outcomes reported in case series have been generally good as in our patient.Conclusion: This report illustrates the need to keep a high index of suspicion for an organic aetiology in cases presenting with catatonia. A thorough neuropsychiatric evaluation is useful in such cases. In patients with severe neuropsychiatric manifestations associated with thyroid disease, an autoimmune thyroid disease should be considered as a possibility.
Antiallodynia and antihyperalgesia effects of ceftriaxone in treatment of chronic neuropathic pain in rats
Authors: Hajhashemi Valiollah , Hosseinzadeh Hossein , Amin Bahareh 
Published: February 2012

ObjectiveNeuropathic pain is a chronic and disabling syndrome with complex pathogenesis. It has been suggested that the function of glutamate transporters (GLTs) has a major role in the development of neuropathic pain. This study was performed to evaluate various doses of ceftriaxone, a beta-lactam antibiotic, on the symptoms in the rat chronic constriction injury (CCI) model of neuropathic pain. This drug has been recently introduced as a selective up-regulator and activator of GLT1.MethodsNeuropathy was induced in adult male Wistar rats and animals were treated intraperitoneally with 100–400 mg/kg of ceftriaxone for seven consecutive days immediately after surgery. Gabapentin (100 mg/kg, i.p.) was used as a reference drug. von Frey filaments, acetone drop and radiant heat methods were used to assess mechanical allodynia, thermal allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia, respectively.ResultsCeftriaxone in the repeated doses for 7 days showed significant antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic effects especially at a dose of 200 mg/kg twice a day.ConclusionThe results suggest that ceftriaxone as a modulator of glutamate uptake could provide beneficial effects in the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain, especially allodynia that is less sensitive to the most available drugs.
Catholic Social Teaching and the Gospel
Authors: McLoughlin David 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe documents that represent Catholic Social Teaching are primarily papal and clerical. Following the approach of Herbert McCabe that CST is not a body of doctrine but is a response to concrete social circumstances, this paper notes the absence of serious engagement with the Bible in CST and particularly the teaching of Jesus. Using two parables as paradigms, we can see that Jesus was using the social and economic circumstances of his day to provoke debate and an imaginative response that might lead his listeners towards the kingdom of God. In developing the current state of CST, the Church must draw on the practical wisdom of already existing Church groups and must collaborate with groups outside the Church.
The Myth of Rerum Novarum
Authors: Walsh Michael 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIt is often claimed that the encyclical Rerum Novarum of Leo XIII laid a foundation for the emergence of trades unions and was ‘the workers’ charter’. This is a myth. The origins of the encyclical and Catholic Social Teaching in the late nineteenth-century were entirely socially conservative. Rerum Novarum condemns socialism and its authors thought that the primary purpose of what the encyclical calls ‘associations’ was devotional, ‘confraternities of mutual support and religious observance’.
Liberation Theology and Catholic Social Teaching
Authors: Kirwan Michael 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis article argues for a broad compatibility between the Theology of Liberation and Catholic Social Thought. It can be argued that both of these discourses have been eclipsed in the post-conciliar period by the attention given to sexual ethics rather than the ‘social question’. Two possibilities are put forward as to how these discourses may re-connect with contemporary political and economic debates. Firstly, the notions of the ‘State of Exception’ and the homo sacer (advanced by Giorgio Agamben) have opened up new space for theological reflection centred upon the victim. Secondly, the search for a post-Rawlsian account of global justice, such as we find in the work of Amartya Sen, offers a possible version of a political ‘project’, to which both Liberation Theology and Catholic Social Thought can contribute.
Making the Encyclicals Click: Catholic Social Teaching and Radical Traditions
Authors: Beck Ashley 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe radical Catholic movement that takes its name from the Catholic Worker paper and the communities inspired by it has had an important influence on the life of the Church both in the United States, where it was founded, and elsewhere in the world. This paper looks at ways in which its distinctive theological vision and praxis can revive and focus the presentation and living-out of Catholic Social teaching in this country – particularly with regard to unconditional love for the poor, a commitment to pacifism, and a grounding of this work in Catholic sacramental and devotional life.
Silver Co‐Firable Li2ZnTi3O8 Microwave Dielectric Ceramics with LZB Glass Additive and TiO2 Dopant
Authors: Chen Guohua , Hou Meizhen , Bao Yan , Yuan Changlai , Zhou Changrong , Xu Huarui 
Published: February 2012

New dielectric ceramics are prepared by the conventional solid‐state ceramic route. Effects of LZB glass on sintering, phase purity, microstructure, and dielectric properties of Li2ZnTi3O8 ceramics have been investigated. Adding LZB lowers sintering temperature from 1050°C to 875°C, and does not induce much degradation of dielectric properties. The 1.0 wt% LZB glass‐added ceramic has better properties of εr = 23.9, Q × f = 31,608 GHz, τf = −14.3 ppm/°C. Additions of TiO2 markedly improve microwave properties. Typically, the Li2ZnTi3O8 + 1 wt%LZB + 3.5 wt%TiO2 sintered at 900°C shows εr = 26.1, Q × f = 45,168 GHz, τf = −4.1 ppm/°C. Compatibility with Ag electrode indicates that this material may be applied to LTCC devices.
Top‐level managers’ and politicians’ worries about future care for older people with complex and acute illnesses – a Nordic study
Authors: Finnbakk Elisabeth , Skovdahl Kirsti , Blix Ellen Störe , Fagerström Lisbeth 
Published: February 2012

finnbakk e., skovdahl k., störe blix e. & fagerström l. (2012) Top‐level managers’ and politicians’ worries about future care for older people with complex and acute illnesses – a Nordic study. International Journal of Older People Nursing7, 163–172  doi: 10.1111/j.1748‐3743.2012.00312.xBackground.  The growing aging population, with its associated complex needs and illnesses, will in the future become an even more important challenge for the Nordic countries.Aim.  The aim of the study was to describe and explore the perceptions and views of top‐level managers and politicians in regard to an optimal future care for older people during the next decade.Design.  The study has a qualitative, descriptive design.Methods.  Top‐level managers (n = 11) and politicians (n = 8) were interviewed in Sweden, Finland, Denmark and Norway in 2009. The data material was analysed through manifest and latent content analyses.Results.  Future care should substantially focus on the individual needs and dignity of older people. The respondents also recommended a preventive perspective on future care. They anticipate that older people’s needs will be complex, requiring nursing competence on an advanced level within home care and nursing homes, and point to the importance of leadership abilities and workplace image. Limited resources and the use of health technology will be dominant issues, entailing the need for open‐mindedness to reorganise future care. The latent theme expressed was ‘A creative willingness to act – but with an underlying worry about the future’.Conclusions.  The findings reveal a multifaceted scenario of optimal future care; older people will have significant, acute and complex needs but resources will be limited. In the near future, medical treatment and nursing care for older people at advanced and specialised levels within primary health care will be needed.Implications for practice.  To meet demands, a clear need exists for the advanced clinical competence of nurses. There is also a clear need to reorganise health care services for older people, develop the leadership abilities of nurse managers and make workplaces more attractive.
‘With a bit of tweaking…we could be great’. An exploratory study of the perceptions of students on working with older people in a preregistration BSc (Hons) Nursing course
Authors: Duggan Seana , Mitchell Elizabeth A. , Moore Kevin D. 
Published: February 2012

Background.  With ageing demographics, it is important that nurse education curriculum can prepare students to work with older people.Aims and objectives.  To explore students’ perceptions of working with older people and the extent to which their preregistration curriculum is preparing them for this role.Design.  A qualitative research design, incorporating focus groups in data collection.Methods.  Four focus groups were held in January 2011, involving a total of 32 students undertaking a preregistration BSc (Hons) nursing degree course.Results.  An overt focus in the preregistration curriculum on acute and critical care and perceived deficits in care of older people content left some students feeling underprepared to work with older people and to challenge ritualistic practice. Clinical placement experience and mentor support appeared to be influencing students’ decisions about whether they would consider working with older people in the future.Conclusion.  Education providers should ensure that students are adequately prepared to work with older people and that students are supported when they observe poor practice. A finding that observation of ritualistic practice could prompt some students to consider working with older people, warrants further research.Implications for practice.  Nurse educators should evaluate the content and delivery of their preregistration courses to ensure that the prerequisite knowledge, skills and attitudes required to work with older people are accorded appropriate value and attention.
Impact of viral infections in children with community‐acquired pneumonia: results of a study of 17 respiratory viruses
Authors: Esposito Susanna , Daleno Cristina , Prunotto Giulia , Scala Alessia , Tagliabue Claudia , Borzani Irene , Fossali Emilio , Pelucchi Claudio , Principi Nicola 
Published: February 2012

Please cite this paper as: Esposito et al. (2012) Impact of viral infections in children with community‐acquired pneumonia: results of a study of 17 respiratory viruses. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses DOI: 10.1111/j.1750‐2659.2012.00340.x.Background  Little is known about the prevalence of viral infections in children with community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP).Objectives  To describe the clinical and virological data collected from children with radiographically confirmed CAP in whom 17 respiratory viruses were sought in respiratory secretion samples during the acute phase of the disease.Patients and methods  The study involved 592 children with radiographically confirmed CAP whose respiratory secretion samples were tested using the Luminex xTAG Respiratory Virus Panel Fast assay, which simultaneously detects influenza A virus, influenza B virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)‐A and ‐B, parainfluenzavirus‐1, ‐2, ‐3, and ‐4, adenovirus, human metapneumovirus, coronaviruses 229E, NL63, OC43, and HKU1, enterovirus/rhinovirus, and bocavirus. A real‐time PCR assay was used to identify the rhinovirus in the enterovirus/rhinovirus‐positive samples.Results  A total of 435 children (73·5%) were positive for at least one virus: the most frequently detected was RSV, which was found in 188 (31·7%), followed by rhinovirus (n = 144, 24·3%), bocavirus (n = 60, 10·1%), influenza viruses (n = 57, 9·6), and hMPV (n = 49, 8·2%). Viral co‐infections were found in 117 children (19·7% of the enrolled children; 26·9% of those with viral infections). Marginal differences were found between the infections owing to a single virus. Co‐infections showed radiographic evidence of alveolar pneumonia significantly more frequently than single infections (OR 1·72, 95% CI 1·05–2·81).Conclusions  The findings of this study highlight the importance of respiratory viruses (mainly RSV and rhinovirus) in children with CAP and show the characteristics of both the single infections and co‐infections associated with the disease.
Irreversible Sediment Formation in Green Tea Infusions
Authors: Xu Yong‐Quan , Chen Gen‐Sheng , Wang Qiu‐Shuang , Yuan Hai‐Bo , Feng Chun‐Hong , Yin Jun‐Feng 
Published: February 2012

Abstract:  The formation of irreversible tea sediment (IRS) and its chemical components in green tea infusions were investigated. The results showed that the amounts of IRS in the green tea infusions from various tea cultivars ranged from 0.10 to 1.47 mg/mL. The amount of IRS was influenced remarkably by the chemical components in the green tea infusion. Principal component analysis and regression analysis indicated that gallated catechins, Mn, Ca, caffeine, Na, and (−)‐gallocatechin gallate (GCG) were the principal components. IRS (mg/mL) =−4.226 + 0.275 gallated catechins + 79.551 Na + 7.321 Mn + 21.055 Ca + 0.513 caffeine − 0.129 GCG (R2= 0.697). The contents of the main chemical components in the reversible tea sediment (RTS) and IRS were markedly different, especially the minerals. Large amount of minerals participated in the formation of irreversible green tea sediment. The amount of IRS increased with the extraction temperature.Practical Application:  The results of this paper will help select the right tea cultivars, which have less RTS and IRS. This paper also helps understand the chemical components of IRS in green tea infusions and to find the right method to prevent its formation.
Hairless and NFκB Form a Positive Feedback Loop After UVB and TNFα Stimulation†
Authors: Casta Alexandre , Kim Hyunmi , Luke Courtney T. , Bachelor Michael A. , Engelhard Andrew , Owens David M. , Christiano Angela M. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractHairless (HR) is a nuclear protein with corepressor activity whose exact function in the skin remains to be determined. Mutations in both human and mouse Hairless lead to hair loss accompanied by the appearance of papules, a disorder called atrichia with papular lesions. Furthermore, mice with mutations in HR are known to have a higher susceptibility to ultraviolet radiation‐induced tumorigenesis, suggesting that HR plays a crucial role in the epidermal UVB response. Using normal human keratinocytes (NHKs) and keratinocytes containing a mutation in HR, we found that HR is an early UVB response gene that negatively regulates NFκB mRNA expression. HR mutant keratinocytes have a dysregulated UVB response that includes increased proliferation and the aberrant activation of NFκB effector genes. Additionally, we show that another UVB response gene, TNFα, negatively regulates HR mRNA expression. TNFα‐induced negative regulation of HR occurs through a direct interaction of the p65 subunit with a single NFκB‐binding domain located in the HR promoter region. Therefore, we show for the first time that HR and NFκB participate in a positive feedback loop that can be initiated either by UVB or TNFα.
Patient Factors, But Not Provider and Health Care System Factors, Predict Medication Adherence in Hypertensive Black Men
Authors: Lewis Lisa M. , Schoenthaler Antoinette M. , Ogedegbe Gbenga 
Published: February 2012

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2012;14:250–255. ©2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The problem of medication adherence is pronounced in hypertensive black men. However, factors influencing their adherence are not well understood. This secondary analysis of the ongoing Counseling African Americans to Control Hypertension (CAATCH) randomized clinical trial investigated the patient, provider, and health care system factors associated with medication adherence among hypertensive black men. Participants (N=253) were aged 56.6±11.6 years, earned <$20,000 yearly (72.7%), and almost one half were on Medicaid (44%). Mean systolic blood pressure was 148.7±15.8 mm Hg and mean diastolic blood pressure was 92.7±9.8 mm Hg. Over one half of participants (54.9%) were nonadherent. In a hierarchical regression analysis, the patient factors that predicted medication adherence were age, self‐efficacy, and depression. The final model accounted for 32.1% of the variance (F=7.80, df 10, 165, P<.001). In conclusion, age, self‐efficacy, and depression were associated with antihypertensive medication adherence in black men followed in Community/Migrant Health Centers. Age is a characteristic that may allow clinicians to predict who may be at risk for poor medication adherence. Depression can be screened for and treated. Self‐efficacy is modifiable and its implications for practice would be the development of interventions to increase self‐efficacy in black men with hypertension.
Individual Risk
Authors: Stern Ralph H. 
Published: February 2012

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2012;14:261–264. ©2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Patients don’t have an “individual risk” or unique probability of an outcome. Outside Mendelian inheritance, risks are conditional probabilities and differ as the risk factors included differ, at times substantially. This lack of reliability is an inherent limitation and is not resolved by including additional risk factors. Groups of like individuals need to be assembled to measure the probability of an outcome. Many groups, like any individual, can be identified, eg, groups of the same age, sex, race, or any combination of these attributes (or any others). That each of these groups may have different risk means there is no such thing as individual risk. This issue was identified by John Venn in 1866 and is known as the reference class problem. Models relate risk factors to outcomes in populations. The number calculated for an individual should not be reported as their individual or true risk, nor should it be used as the sole criterion for clinical decisions. Instead, Feinstein proposed relying on clinically important subgroups. An example would be utilizing an individual’s blood pressure as the primary determinant of hypertension treatment decisions, not an unreliable individual risk estimate.