bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can Voice Parameters Provide Cutoff Values to Predict Dysphagia in Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis?
Authors: Sapmaz Atalar Merve , Genç Gençer , Işık Elif Ezgi , Cangi Mehmet Emrah , Pehlivan Beyza , Bulut Serpil 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In dysphagia assessment, along with well-defined measurements and signs, voice parameters can potentially support clinical decision as a marker, but more evidence is needed. This study aims to determine the voice parameters that can predict the risk of dysphagia and to determine optimal cutoff values in individuals with multiple sclerosis (IwMS). Seventy-six adults participated in the study, including 39 IwMS and 37 healthy individuals (HI). The study used the Dysphagia in Multiple Sclerosis Questionnaire (DYMUS), Gugging Swallowing Screen (GUSS), and Voice Handicap Index (VHI-10) and recorded voice samples using Praat programme. Voice recordings were taken pre- and post-swallowing. The voice parameters analysed are fundamental frequency (F0), standard deviation F0 (SD F0), jitter (local), shimmer (local), and harmonic-to-noise ratio (HNR). Roc analysis was performed to examine the diagnostic accuracy performance of the risk for dysphagia/penetration. The parameters of IwMS pre-swallowing differed significantly from those of HI on the VHI-10, DYMUS, GUSS scores, and jitter (local), shimmer (local), and HNR. IwMS but not HI exhibited significant differences in shimmer (local) and HNR between the pre- and post-swallowing measurements. In IwMS, GUSS revealed significant differences in shimmer (local) pre- and post-swallowing between the groups with and without dysphagia/penetration. In the ROC analysis results, the area under the curve (AUC) for shimmer (local) pre-swallowing was 73.1% (cutoff = 1.69); post-swallowing, it was 78.6% (cutoff = 1.57). In conclusion, IwMS can be associated with differences in shimmer (local) and HNR parameters, low quality of life-related to voice, and dysphagia/penetration risk. The AUC values for shimmer (local) in IwMS pre- and post-swallowing may help to strengthen diagnostic decisions of dysphagia risk.
A Modified Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing Evaluating Esophageal Dysphagia by a Capsule: A Pilot Study
Authors: Slovik Youval , Kaminer Benyamin Meir , Revital Gorali , Ron Alona , Harris Mai , Ziv Oren , Loutati Ayelet , Cohen Oded 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
While functional endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) is the most useful diagnostic test for the evaluation of dysphagia, it cannot evaluate the esophageal phase of swallowing. To evaluate if a modification for the FEES exam by swallowing an empty capsule and screening of the upper esophagus could be used for early detection of esophageal dysphagia. A prospective, single-center, pilot study. At the end of a standard FEES exam, the patients were asked to swallow an empty capsule. Fifteen seconds later, the endoscope was inserted into the upper esophagus. A pathological capsule test was defined when the capsule was seen in the esophagus. In such cases, the patient was advised to undergo a gastroscopy, MBS, or esophageal manometry, which were compared to the results of the capsule test. The capsule test was utilized in 109 patients. A pathological capsule test was found in 55 patients (57.8%). In 48 patients (87.3%), an isolated or combined esophageal dysphagia was seen. The accuracy value of the capsule test compared to gastroenterology tests was 83.3%, sensitivity 88.46%, specificity 75%, PPV 85%, and NPV 80%. A modification of the standard FEES exam by including an empty capsule swallow test with an upper esophagus examination may provide a useful screening tool for esophageal dysphagia.
Simulation-based approach to analyze modular intralogistic systems in the chemical industry
Authors: Pannok Maik , Lier Stefan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractModular production systems are a response to trends towards shorter product life cycles, increasing product diversity and the resulting volatile market conditions, especially in the fine and specialty chemicals industry. The ability to flexibly adapt the production system to volatile market conditions allows different product types or production quantities to be realized quickly, flexibly and cost-efficiently. Against this background, modular intralogistic systems consisting of conceptually developed logistics equipment assemblies (LEAs) promise flexibility advantages in the case of volatile product, packaging or quantity requirements for the adjacent production-related intralogistic systems. This especially applies to the operation in small-scale, decentralized production networks. Various concepts of LEAs have already been developed for different intralogistics processes, such as the filling of liquids or granulates into small or large packages. However, the characteristics of these different modular concepts in a system integration have not yet been analyzed in the market environment of the chemical industry. Therefore, we analyze the performance of modular intralogistic systems consisting of a system integration of LEAs under disturbances and volatile market conditions in contrast to conventional intralogistic units already existing in the market. Accordingly, this paper develops a simulation-based approach as a methodological basis. With this methodology it is possible to compare different system configurations based on throughput, throughput time or utilization output parameters for different market requirements. Finally, the developed methodology represents a tool for decision support in the planning of modular intralogistic systems and provides the possibility to analyze new concepts of LEAs in a system integration.
Intrinsic aerobic capacity modulates Alzheimer’s disease pathological hallmarks, brain mitochondrial function and proteome during aging
Authors: Kugler Benjamin A. , Lysaker Colton R. , Franczak Edziu , Hauger Brittany M. , Csikos Vivien , Stopperan Julia A. , Allen Julie A. , Stanford John A. , Koch Lauren G. , Britton Steven L. , Thyfault John P. , Wilkins Heather M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLow aerobic capacity is strongly associated with all-cause mortality and risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Individuals with early dementia and AD have lower aerobic capacity compared to age-matched controls. The mechanism by which aerobic capacity influences AD risk is unknown but is likely mediated by sexual dimorphism and tissue-level differences in mitochondrial energetics. Here, we used rats selectively bred for large differences in intrinsic aerobic exercise capacity. Brain tissue from 18-month and 24-month-old female and male low-capacity runner (LCR) and high-capacity runner (HCR) rats were analyzed for markers of mitochondrial function and AD-associated pathologies. LCR rats, irrespective of sex, exhibited a greater increase in brain amyloid beta (Aβ42) and tau hyperphosphorylation (pTauthr181/total tau) with aging. In female LCR rats, brain mitochondrial respiration at states 3, 4, and FCCP-induced uncoupling, when stimulated with pyruvate/malate, was reduced at 18 and 24 months, leading to lower ATP-linked mitochondrial respiration compared to mitochondria from HCR rats. Male LCR rats also showed reduced complex II-stimulated mitochondrial respiration (succinate + rotenone) at 24 months compared to HCR rats. Differences in mitochondrial respiration were associated with tau hyperphosphorylation and Aβ42 alterations in both HCR and LCR strains. Proteomic analysis unveiled a distinct difference in the mitochondrial proteome, wherein female LCR rats displayed diminished mitochondrial translation and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) proteins at 18 months compared to female HCR rats. Conversely, male LCR rats exhibited increased OXPHOS protein abundance but reduced tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle proteins compared to male HCR rats. These findings underscore a robust association between intrinsic aerobic exercise capacity, brain mitochondrial function, and AD pathologies during aging.
Pulsed THz radiation under ultrafast optical discharge of vacuum photodiode
Authors: Ushakov Aleksandr , Mamaeva Kseniia , Seleznev Leonid , Rizaev Georgy , Bukin Vladimir , Dolmatov Timophey , Chizhov Pavel , Bagdasarov Vladimir , Garnov Sergey 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we first present an experimental demonstration of terahertz radiation pulse generation with energy up to 5 pJ under the electron emission during ultrafast optical discharge of a vacuum photodiode. We use a femtosecond optical excitation of metallic copper photocathode for the generation of ultrashort electron bunch and up to 45 kV/cm external electric field for the photo-emitted electron acceleration. Measurements of terahertz pulses energy as a function of emitted charge density, incidence angle of optical radiation and applied electric field have been provided. Spectral and polarization characteristics of generated terahertz pulses have also been studied. The proposed semi-analytical model and simulations in COMSOL Multiphysics prove the experimental data and allow for the optimization of experimental conditions aimed at flexible control of radiation parameters.
Graphical Abstract
Bipolar-Valued Complex Hesitant fuzzy Dombi Aggregating Operators Based on Multi-criteria Decision-Making Problems
Authors: Özlü Şerif 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Complex Hesitant Fuzzy sets are a powerful tool for depicting vagueness and uncertainty. This paper addresses to Bipolar-Valued Complex Hesitant Fuzzy sets (BVCHFSs) to decode inconsistent, complexity data because of including bipolarity being opposite polar, complexity dividing membership value into two parts, hesitation degree including several membership values. Then, we interpret some new rules such as addition, scalar multiplication, scalar power, multiplication, and present score function. Moreover, some aggregation operators based on BVCHFSs are presented, such as Bipolar-valued Complex Hesitant Fuzzy-Weighted Dombi Averaging operator (BVCHFWDA), Ordered and Hybrid concepts, and Bipolar valued Complex Hesitant Fuzzy-Weighted Dombi Geometric operator (BVCHFWDG), Ordered and Hybrid structures, and some properties, such as idempotency, monotonicity, and boundedness. Later on, the obtained operators are applied over an investment example to show originality and efficiency of suggested instructions. We test to merits and restrictions of the new instructions by comparing them with some existing measures based on bipolar complex fuzzy sets. The comparative analysis indicates that our discussed operators and distance measures over bipolar complex fuzzy sets are agreement especially for BVCHFWDA.
Effects of Manganese and Heat Treatment on Mechanical Properties in Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron
Authors: Nobuki Tohru , Aoki Takanori , Hatate Minoru 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIt is well known that the mechanical properties of spheroidal graphite cast iron deeply depend on the volume of pearlite matrix microstructures. Therefore, the theoretical criterion of pearlite matrix nucleation is considered important in this graphite cast iron that to obtain the higher mechanical properties of graphite cast iron, the pearlite stabilizing element such as Mn or Cu is very important. The present work aims to study the influence of manganese (Mn) content and heat treatment on the mechanical properties of 3% or 4% (Solution Strengthened Ferritic Ductile Iron-SSFDI) of silicon (Si) containing spheroidal graphite cast irons. The six 3.6%C–3%Si melts with different chemical compositions from 0.2 to 1.7 mass% of Mn content were produced using a high-frequency induction furnace. The melt was poured into a Y-block CO2 sand mold of 25 or 40 mm in thickness. The microstructure analysis and mechanical testing were performed for as-cast and some heat treatment conditions, such as annealing or air cooling. As a result, the tensile strength had a good relationship with the area fraction of pearlite, over 600 MPa in UTS, and high proof stress for some 3 or 4%Si–Mn series samples in the as-cast condition. By the heat treatment from the unique (α + γ) region, the 3% Si sample showed over 800 MPa and over 10% in elongation. And 4%Si–1.5%Mn (SSFDI) series sample showed over 600 MPa in UTS and over 15% in elongation which was prepared by annealing heat treatment to reduce to less than 5% of the area fraction of pearlite. This study suggests that it can be understood of the correlation between optimizing the heat treatment condition and mechanical properties of SSFDI cast irons.
Fracture mechanisms of selective laser sintered parts manufactured in build direction
Authors: Cronau J. , Krönert M. , Engstler F. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSelective laser sintering (SLS) is an additive manufacturing process that, in addition to rapid prototyping, is becoming increasingly popular to produce end-use parts. Predictable mechanical properties of the produced parts through this process is a desired primary goal. It has long been known that the mechanical properties especially the elongation at break of SLS components decrease in the build direction. In various test series with tensile specimen fabricated in build direction by SLS, it was found that, on the one hand, these have a very large scatter of the elongation at break, and, on the other hand, it was noticed that these frequently break outside the test range in the upskin radius. The upskin area describes regions that point in a positive build direction relative to the building plate. The fracture occurs at a point where, due to the specimen cross-section, a lower fracture stress occurs than in the test area of the specimen. This fracture leads to a much lower elongation at break than in the case of specimens that fracture in the test area. This study investigates which mechanism triggers this behavior. It turns out that different roughnesses can be determined in the upskin and downskin radius and different defects can be seen in the fracture surfaces, especially in the edge areas. It cannot be predicted based on surface roughness measurements or surface profiling exactly where, or in which layer the fracture occurs. However, the defects lead to a local stress spike, at which the failure of the specimen begins.
Global Justice Index Report 2023
Authors: Gu Yanfeng , Guo Sujian , Gan Yiqing , Qin Xuan , Qu Wen , Wang Zhongyuan , Zhang Tiantian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe Global Justice Index is a multiyear research project based at Fudan Institute for Advanced Study in Social Sciences that assesses the contributions made by each country to achieving greater global justice. We have published results for yeas from 2010 to 2020 in Global Justice Index Report from 2019 to 2022, and are now presenting our fifth year of results, covering data from 2021 in Global Justice Index Report 2023, which is an updated version of previous years’ reports. But, we have been improving our index year by year to with changes that have taken place globally. We have also refined our imputation methodology to better address the challenge of missing data. The report consists of four sections: introduction, findings, main results, and conclusion. In the introduction, we discuss the development of the conceptual framework and evaluative principles to justify our selection of the dimensions and indicators for measurement. Next, in the findings section, we report the data, indicators, and our results for each country for each of the 10 issues we identify, and provide regional comparisons for Asia, Europe, North America, Latin America, Africa, and Oceania. In the following section, we present the main results for the global justice indices, and report the ranking of each country’s contribution to achieving greater global justice. In the final section, we discuss the applications and limitations of the index and potential further research trajectories.
Triple Mixed Integral Transformation and Applications for Initial-Boundary Value Problems
Authors: Wang Chun , Xu Tian-Zhou 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we establish a new integral transformation method for solving the initial-boundary value problems of the partial differential equations. The method is a combined expression mainly based on the triple integral transformation of Laplace and Sumudu. We study the basic properties of the triple Laplace-Sumudu transform, and give the triple Laplace-Sumudu transforms of some basic functions. And as applications, we solve some heat flow equations and wave equations with initial-boundary value conditions by using the method. The results show that the triple Laplace-Sumudu transform is more efficient and useful to deal with these problems.
Reinterpretation of Marine Magnetic Anomalies in the Bay of Bengal: Implications for Plate Tectonics During the Mid‐Cretaceous
Authors: Desa Maria Ana , Jacob Jensen , Khan Saif Ali , Carlier Brandis 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe breakup of India from Antarctica in the Early Cretaceous and subsequent seafloor spreading in the NW‐SE direction initiated the formation of the Bay of Bengal and its conjugate Enderby Basin. Two hypotheses are proposed to explain the evolutionary tectonics between India and Antarctica. One involves a single breakup, while the second invokes another breakup episode. Further, a major reorganization of the plate boundaries in the mid‐Cretaceous caused the spreading center to align E‐W by Late Cretaceous. The tectonics involved in this spreading direction change is unknown and difficult to understand as it occurred in the mid‐Cretaceous, coincident with the Cretaceous Normal Superchron. In the present study, we have generated a revised magnetic isochron map of the Bay of Bengal and used the modulus of its analytic signal to understand the evolutionary tectonics between the two plates, India and Antarctica. Mesozoic magnetic anomalies M12n to M0, and mid‐Cretaceous incursion Q2 (108 Ma) are identified in the western basin of the Bay of Bengal, while Q2, Q1 (92 Ma) and Late Cretaceous isochron A34 are inferred in its eastern basin. Gravity grid reconstructions demonstrate asymmetrical crustal accretion in the conjugate corridors. Fan‐shaped spreading and a southward ridge jump between 108 and 92 Ma in the eastern basin, aided the ∼40° clockwise rotation of the spreading center. The presence of volcanic basement beneath the additional crust suggests on‐axis mode of formation for the Ninetyeast Ridge by 100 Ma. The present study favors the two‐phase breakup model for the evolution of these plates.
Drop impact onto immiscible liquid films floating on pools
Authors: Fudge Ben D. , Cimpeanu Radu , Castrejón-Pita Alfonso A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe interface dynamics of a droplet impacting onto a liquid pool has been well studied, and the common interfacial velocity quantified for the cases when the pool is both the same and a different fluid to the impacting droplet. In this work we investigate, experimentally and computationally, the scenario of a droplet impacting onto a pool of the same fluid coated by a layer of another fluid with various thicknesses. The effect of the film thickness on the penetration velocity of the upper droplet-film interface is measured for experiments and simulations, and carefully compared to theoretical predictions for early-to-moderate timescales in the limiting cases of: (i) zero film thickness, in which the film has no effect and thus behaves like a fluid on same fluid impact, and (ii) infinite film thickness, in which the underlying pool has no effect. For finite layer thickness cases we carefully quantify the transition between the two limiting scenarios, and provide insight into the interfacial and flow quantities of interest, with a robust transitional behaviour observed over a rich parametric landscape. This exploration provides new quantitative insight into the nonlinear behaviour of the multi-fluid systems in newly explored finite thickness regimes, as well as a clear delineation of their effect in the context of the noted distinguished limits, with films of up to one impacting drop diameter in thickness shown to induce meaningful interpretable changes in the resulting post-impact dynamics. We also explore longer timescale features of the lower interface dynamics, revealing comparatively lower velocities and larger film thicknesses as the liquid film viscosity is increased.
Poor self-care practices and contributing factors among adults with type 2 diabetes in Adama, Ethiopia
Authors: Bekele Nardos Tilahun , Habtewold Ephrem Mannekulih , Deybasso Haji Aman , Mekuria Negussie Yohannes 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a prominent global health challenge, characterized by a rising prevalence and substantial morbidity and mortality, especially evident in developing nations. Although DM can be managed with self-care practices despite its complexity and chronic nature, the persistence of poor self-care exacerbates the disease burden. There is a dearth of evidence on the level of poor self-care practices and contributing factors among patients with DM in the study area. Thus, this study assessed the proportion of poor self-care practices and contributing factors among adults with type 2 DM in Adama, Ethiopia. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 404 patients. Self-care practice was assessed by the summary of diabetes self-care activities questionnaires. Binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with poor self-care practices. An adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used to assess the strength of associations. The statistical significance was declared for a p-value < 0.05. The proportion of poor self-care practices was 54% [95% CI 49.1, 58.6]. Being divorced (AOR = 3.5; 95% CI 1.0, 12.2), having a lower level of knowledge (AOR = 1.70; 95% CI 1.0, 2.8), being on insulin (AOR = 6.3; 95% CI 1.9, 20.6), taking oral medication (AOR = 8.6; 95% CI 3.0, 24.5), being unaware of fasting blood sugar (AOR = 2.9; 95% CI 1.6, 5.2), not a member of a diabetic association (AOR = 3.6; 95% CI 1.7, 7.5), a lack of social support (AOR = 2.9; 95% CI 1.7, 4.9), and having a poor perceived benefit of self-care practices (AOR = 1.84; 95% CI 1.0, 3.2) were associated with poor self-care practices. Overall, this finding demonstrated that a significant percentage of participants (54%) had poor self-care practices. Being divorced, having a low level of knowledge about diabetes and fasting blood sugar, lacking social support, relying on oral medication, perceiving limited benefits from self-care practices, and not being a member of diabetic associations were identified as independent factors of poor self-care.