bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Single and Repeated Psychiatric Occupational Therapy on Psychiatric Symptoms: Assessment Using a Visual Analogue Scale
Authors: Yamashita Hitomi , Terao Takeshi , Mizokami Yoshinori 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe main aims of psychiatric occupational therapy are to improve daily activity, to enhance communication with others and to reinforce social adaptation. Also, substantial improvements in psychiatric symptoms have been reported, but the effects on psychiatric symptoms are yet to be established. In the present study, we investigated the effects of single and repeated administrations of psychiatric occupational therapy on psychiatric symptoms and determined whether the effects can be predicted. Our subjects were 215 inpatients or outpatients at our university hospital who participated in psychiatric occupational therapy. Five psychiatric symptoms (i.e. depressive mood, tension, irritability, anxiety and fatigue) were subjectively measured just before and just after each psychiatric occupational therapy by using a visual analogue scale (VAS). As a result, there was a significant short‐term effect from single psychiatric occupational therapy, but there was no significant further improvement of any psychiatric symptom from repeated psychiatric occupational therapy. The VAS value at the beginning stage significantly predicted improvement of each psychiatric symptom. These findings suggest that single psychiatric occupational therapy can bring about a short‐term effect, whereas repeated psychiatric occupational therapy cannot induce long‐term effect (accumulated effect) on psychiatric symptoms, and that the improvement can be predicted by baseline psychiatric symptoms. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Incorporation of full‐scale testing and nonlinear connection analyses into the seismic upgrade of a 15‐story steel moment frame building
Authors: Malley James O. , Sinclair Mark , Graf Tim , Blaney Colin , Ahmed Tamer 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis paper summarizes the seismic analysis and rehabilitation design of a 15‐story steel moment‐resisting frame building constructed with connection details that were found to be vulnerable to fracture in the 1994 Northridge earthquake. This building is located in Oakland, California, less than 5 miles from the Hayward Fault. Previous testing of the existing moment connections demonstrated that the beam flange to column flange complete joint penetration groove welds were vulnerable to fracture, and consequently, the building presented a risk to life safety in the event of a major earthquake. Seismic rehabilitation to meet the requirements of the State of California, Department of General Services resulted in a retrofit scheme, including a combination of moment connection strengthening and addition of viscous dampers. Because of the deep W27 column and very large W36 beam sections present in the special moment‐resisting frames, a series of four full‐scale tests were conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed rehabilitation schemes. Sophisticated analysis techniques were performed in the rehabilitation design, including nonlinear time history analyses. These models included a nonlinear fiber element that approximated the fracture behavior observed in the existing connection tests and incorporated results from the test program to model the strengthened connection behavior. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Safrole induces cell death in human tongue squamous cancer SCC‐4 cells through mitochondria‐dependent caspase activation cascade apoptotic signaling pathways
Authors: Yu Fu‐Shun , Huang An‐Cheng , Yang Jai‐Sing , Yu Chun‐Shu , Lu Chi‐Cheng , Chiang Jo‐Hua , Chiu Chang‐Fang , Chung Jing‐Gung 
Published: May 2011

AbstractSafrole is one of important food‐borne phytotoxin that exhibits in many natural products such as oil of sassafras and spices such as anise, basil, nutmeg, and pepper. This study was performed to elucidate safrole‐induced apoptosis in human tongue squamous carcinoma SCC‐4 cells. The effect of safrole on apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry and DAPI staining and its regulatory molecules were studied by Western blotting analysis. Safrole‐induced apoptosis was accompanied with up‐regulation of the protein expression of Bax and Bid and down‐regulation of the protein levels of Bcl‐2 (up‐regulation of the ratio of Bax/Bcl‐2), resulting in cytochrome c release, promoted Apaf‐1 level and sequential activation of caspase‐9 and caspase‐3 in a time‐dependent manner. We also used real‐time PCR to show safrole promoted the mRNA expressions of caspase‐3, ‐8, and ‐9 in SCC‐4 cells. These findings indicate that safrole has a cytotoxic effect in human tongue squamous carcinoma SCC‐4 cells by inducing apoptosis. The induction of apoptosis of SCC‐4 cells by safrole is involved in mitochondria‐ and caspase‐dependent signal pathways. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2012.
A novel assay of biofilm antifungal activity reveals that amphotericin B and caspofungin lyseCandida albicanscells in biofilms
Authors: DiDone Louis , Oga Duana , Krysan Damian J. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe ability ofCandida albicansto form drug‐resistant biofilms is an important factor in its contribution to human disease. Assays to identify and characterize molecules with activity against fungal biofilms are crucial for the development of drugs with improved anti‐biofilm activity. Here we report the application of an adenylate kinase (AK)‐based cytotoxicity assay of fungal cell lysis to the characterization of agents active againstC. albicansbiofilms. We have developed three protocols for the AK assay. The first measures AK activity in the supernatants of biofilms treated with antifungal drugs and can be performed in parallel with a standard 2,3‐bis‐(2‐methoxy‐4‐nitro‐5‐sulphophenyl)‐2H‐tetrazolium‐5‐caboxanilide‐based biofilm susceptibility assay; a second, more sensitive protocol measures the AK activity present within the biofilm matrix; and a third procedure allows the direct visualization of lytic activity toward biofilms formed on catheter material. Amphotericin B and caspofungin, the two most effective anti‐biofilm drugs currently used to treat fungal infections, both directly lyse planktonicC. albicanscellsin vitro, leading to the release of AK into the culture medium. These studies serve to validate the AK‐based lysis assay as a useful addition to the methods for the characterization of antifungal agents active toward biofilms and provide insights into the mode of action of amphotericin B and caspofungin againstC. albicansbiofilms. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Supramolecular Intercluster Compounds Consisting of 1D Arrays of Silver Alkynyl Clusters and Wells–Dawson Anions, Displaying Ligand‐Free Interfaces
Authors: Gruber Franziska , Jansen Martin 
Published: May 2011

AbstractCombining polymeric silver alkynyl clusters with the Wells–Dawson polyoxometalate [P2W18O62]6– has led to the formation of the first chain‐like intercluster compounds {[Ag14(C≡CtBu)8(C3H7NO)10][Ag12(C≡CtBu)6Cl(C3H7NO)10]H[P2W18O62]2}n (1) and {[Ag16(C≡CtBu)11(CH3CN)6][P2W18O62]}2[Ag14(C≡CtBu)12(CH3CN)2] (2). Both compounds contain large, yet‐unknown silver alkynyl clusters as cationic building blocks which are linked to the polyanions by direct silver–oxygen contacts, i.e. by ligand‐free interfaces.
Maximum Probability Domains in the Solid‐State Structures of the Elements: the Diamond Structure
Authors: Causà Mauro , Savin Andreas 
Published: May 2011

AbstractRegions of space are defined to maximize the probability to find two electrons in it. They can be interpreted as regions where Lewis’ electron pairs are most likely to be found. These maximum probability domains (MPDs) provide information similar to that obtained from the electron localization function (ELF), but is not identical to it. The elements in the diamond structure provide examples for a comparison.
The difference between above‐ and below‐ground self‐thinning lines in forest communities
Authors: Zhang Wei‐Ping , Jia Xin , Bai Yan‐Yuan , Wang Gen‐Xuan 
Published: May 2011

AbstractQuantifying the self‐thinning process in various plant communities has been a long‐standing issue in both theoretical and empirical studies. Most studies on plant self‐thinning have centered only on aboveground parts, and rarely on belowground parts. There is still a general lack of comparison between above‐ and belowground self‐thinning processes, especially for forest communities. The fundamental mechanistic difference and the functional association between above‐ and belowground competition indicate that the self‐thinning process of belowground parts may be different from that of aboveground parts. We investigated the self‐thinning lines for above‐ground (MA), below‐ground (MB), and total biomass (MT), respectively, across forest communities in China. The results showed that neither the classical self‐thinning rule (−3/2 exponent) nor the universal scaling rule (−4/3 exponent) can apply to all the self‐thinning relationships across these forest communities and that the self‐thinning lines for belowground biomass were flatter and lower than those for aboveground biomass across most of these forest communities.
Fetal lipopolysaccharide exposure modulates diet-dependent gut maturation and sensitivity to necrotising enterocolitis in pre-term pigs
Authors: Cilieborg Malene S. , Schmidt Mette , Skovgaard Kerstin , Boye Mette , Weber Nicolai R. , Heegaard Peter M. , Burrin Douglas G. , Sangild Per T. 
Published: May 2011

Uterine infections during pregnancy predispose to pre-term birth and postnatal morbidity, but it is unknown how prenatal bacterial exposure affects maturation of the immature gut. We hypothesised that a prenatal exposure to gram-negative lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has immunomodulatory effects that improve resistance towards necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) in pre-term neonates. At approximately 85 % gestation, pig fetuses were injected intramuscularly with saline or LPS (0·014 mg/kg), or intra-amniotically with LPS (0·4 mg/kg). Pigs were delivered by caesarean section 3–5 d later and fed colostrum (C) or formula (F) for 48 h. Gut indices did not differ between pigs injected intramuscularly with saline or LPS, and these groups were therefore pooled into two control groups according to diet (control-F,n32 and control-C,n11). Control-F pigs showed reduced villus heights, mucosal structure, gut integrity, digestive enzymes, elevated NEC incidence (38v.0 %,P < 0·05) and several differentially expressed immune-related genes, relative to control-C pigs. Compared with the control-F and control-C groups, values in formula-fed pigs given intra-amniotic LPS formula (n17) were intermediate for villus height, enzyme activities, intestinal permeability and NEC incidence (18 %,P = 0·2 relative to control-F), and numbers of differentially expressed immune genes. In conclusion, prenatal exposure of the fetal gut to Gram-negative bacteria may modulate the immediate postnatal response to an enteral diet and colonising bacteria.
Association between dietary phyto-oestrogens and bone density in men and postmenopausal women
Authors: Kuhnle Gunter G. C. , Ward Heather A. , Vogiatzoglou Anna , Luben Robert N. , Mulligan Angela , Wareham Nicholas J. , Forouhi Nita G. , Khaw Kay-Tee 
Published: May 2011

Phyto-oestrogens have been associated with a decreased risk for osteoporosis, but results from intervention and observational studies in Western countries have been inconsistent. In the present study, we investigated the association between habitual phyto-oestrogen intake and broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) of the calcanaeum as a marker of bone density. We collected 7 d records of diet, medical history and demographic and anthropometric data from participants (aged 45–75 years) in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer-Norfolk study. Phyto-oestrogen (biochanin A, daidzein, formononetin; genistein, glycitein; matairesinol; secoisolariciresinol; enterolactone; equol) intake was determined using a newly developed food composition database. Bone density was assessed using BUA of the calcanaeum. Associations between bone density and phyto-oestrogen intake were investigated in 2580 postmenopausal women who were not on hormone replacement therapy and 4973 men. Median intake of total phyto-oestrogens was 876 (interquartile range 412) μg/d in postmenopausal women and 1212 (interquartile range 604) μg/d in men. The non-soya isoflavones formononetin and biochanin A were marginally significant or significantly associated with BUA in postmenopausal women (β = 1·2; P < 0·1) and men (β = 1·2; P < 0·05), respectively; enterolignans and equol were positively associated with bone density in postmenopausal women, but this association became non-significant when dietary Ca was added to the model. In the lowest quintile of Ca intake, soya isoflavones were positively associated with bone density in postmenopausal women (β = 1·4; P < 0·1). The present results therefore suggest that non-soya isoflavones are associated with bone density independent of Ca, whereas the association with soya or soya isoflavones is affected by dietary Ca.
Diabetes prevalence is associated with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in US middle-aged Caucasian men and women: a cross-sectional analysis within the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial
Authors: Brock Kaye E. , Huang Wen-Yi , Fraser David R. , Ke Liang , Tseng Marilyn , Mason Rebecca S. , Stolzenberg-Solomon Rachael Z. , Michal Freedman D. , Ahn Jiyoung , Peters Ulrike , McCarty Catherine , Hollis Bruce W. , Ziegler Regina G. , Purdue Mark P. , Graubard Barry I. 
Published: May 2011

Hypovitaminosis D may be associated with diabetes, hypertension and CHD. However, because studies examining the associations of all three chronic conditions with circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) are limited, we examined these associations in the US Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial (n2465). Caucasian PLCO participants selected as controls in previous nested case–control studies of 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D were included in this analysis. Diabetes, CHD and hypertension prevalence, risk factors for these conditions and intake of vitamin D and Ca were collected from a baseline questionnaire. Results indicated that serum levels of 25(OH)D were low ( < 50 nmol/l) in 29 % and very low ( < 37 nmol/l) in 11 % of subjects. The prevalence of diabetes, hypertension and CHD was 7, 30 and 10 %, respectively. After adjustment for confounding by sex, geographical location, educational level, smoking history, BMI, physical activity, total dietary energy and vitamin D and Ca intake, only diabetes was significantly associated with lower 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D levels. Caucasians who had 25(OH)D ≥ 80 nmol/l were half as likely to have diabetes (OR 0·5 (95 % CI 0·3, 0·9)) compared with those who had 25(OH)D < 37 nmol/l. Those in the highest quartile of 1,25(OH)2D ( ≥ 103 pmol/l) were less than half as likely to have diabetes (OR 0·3 (95 % CI 0·1, 0·7)) than those in the lowest quartile ( < 72 pmol/l). In conclusion, the independent associations of 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D with diabetes prevalence in a large population are new findings, and thus warrant confirmation in larger, prospective studies.
Carnosic acid-rich rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalisL.) leaf extract limits weight gain and improves cholesterol levels and glycaemia in mice on a high-fat diet
Authors: Ibarra Alvin , Cases Julien , Roller Marc , Chiralt-Boix Amparo , Coussaert Aurélie , Ripoll Christophe 
Published: May 2011

Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalisL.) extracts (RE) are natural antioxidants that are used in food, food supplements and cosmetic applications; exert anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperglycaemic effects; and promote weight loss, which can be exploited to develop new preventive strategies against metabolic disorders. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the preventive effects of rosemary leaf extract that was standardised to 20 % carnosic acid (RE) on weight gain, glucose levels and lipid homeostasis in mice that had begun a high-fat diet (HFD) as juveniles. The animals were given a low-fat diet, a HFD or a HFD that was supplemented with 500 mg RE/kg body weight per d (mpk). Physiological and biochemical parameters were monitored for 16 weeks. Body and epididymal fat weight in animals on the HFD that was supplemented with RE increased 69 and 79 % less than those in the HFD group. Treatment with RE was associated with increased faecal fat excretion but not with decreased food intake. The extract also reduced fasting glycaemia and plasma cholesterol levels. In addition, we evaluated the inhibitory effects of REin vitroon pancreatic lipase and PPAR-γ agonist activity; thein vitrofindings correlated with our observations in the animal experiments. Thus, the present results suggest that RE that is rich in carnosic acid can be used as a preventive treatment against metabolic disorders, which merits further examination at physiological doses in randomised controlled trials.
Where Governmentality Ends: Border Control Officers and Deportations of Sojourners in Israel
Authors: Korczyn Oded 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis paper will shed light on the deportation process of visaless sojourners staying and working in Israel. I will explain how state bureaucrats, specifically border control officers of the Enforcement Unit of the Interior Ministry (in Hebrew,hamemune al bikoret hagvulot beyekhidat ha'akhifa, misrad hapnim) are able to conduct activities that cause suffering to sojourners while still viewing themselves as moral human beings, by breaking down the decision-making process into a series of dichotomic categories, by defining Zionism as a context that justifies deportation, and by governing their emotions. I claim that in Israel, state bureaucrats view sojourners as unmanageable and incorrigible. Consequently, deportation becomes a logical course of action. Such an approach, which stresses the bureaucratic aspect of national projects, enables a better understanding of how the “State” is able to perform large-scale projects that cause suffering to individuals.
Unofficial Citizens: Indian Entrepreneurs and the State-Effect in Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Authors: Vora Neha 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBuilding upon theories of the state as an “effect” of multiple, sometimes contradictory practices and narratives, I argue that Indian business elites in Dubai play an important role in both bounding the state as distinct from the economy and legitimizing its power. I focus, therefore, on the forms of citizenship and subjectivity that are being produced in Dubai and how the legitimacy of the state relies not just on the recruitment of citizen subjects, but also on those who are excluded from belonging—like Indian elites in Dubai. Neoliberal narratives and practices of economic “freedom” by elite expatriates mask the ways in which foreign elites are complicit with the state in producing social and economic hierarchies that benefit both citizens and elite expatriates while maintaining a structure of labor migration that significantly disadvantages the majority of foreign residents living in the United Arab Emirates.
Project-Tied Labor Migration from Turkey to the MENA Region: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: İçduygu Ahmet , Sert Deniz 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe geographic region of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) comprises one of the most fascinating immigration regions of the world, hosting millions of migrants and receiving thousands of new migrants each year. While the panorama of MENA's immigration arena is extremely diverse, this article aims to investigate project-tied, or contract-based, labor migration from Turkey, which occurs mostly through the long-established work of Turkish companies that engage in various construction and service-sector businesses. Taking the analytical context of migration system theory into consideration, the main aim of this essay is twofold: while it attempts to document the dynamics and mechanisms of contract-based labor migration from Turkey to the MENA countries, it also intends to elaborate on research about migratory systems between Turkey and the MENA region, mainly referring to macro-level factors affecting the relevant migration system.
Migration, Neoliberal Capitalism, and Islamic Reform in Kozhikode (Calicut), South India
Authors: Osella Filippo , Osella Caroline 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis article explores relationships between religious and economic practices in Kozhikode, a medium-sized city in Kerala. We examine debates concerning the apparent decline of the “bazaar economy” in the face of the onslaught of globalization and the consequent emergence of a “new economy.” The latter is felt locally to be overdetermined by capital and entrepreneurial practices connected, either directly or indirectly, to the combined effects of migration to the Gulf countries of West Asia and to the post-1991 liberalization of the Indian economy. We argue that these public debates are not simply reflections on the harsh reality of economic rationalization, but underscore the production and articulation of specific economies of morality and affect. We also perceive a drawing together of seemingly divergent orientations, sensibilities, and practices—namely, those commonly associated with reformist Islam and what in recent literature has been described as “neoliberal global capitalism.”
Philippine Migrant Workers' Transnationalism in the Middle East
Authors: Rodriguez Robyn Magalit 
Published: May 2011

AbstractHow do migrants assert their rights as workers when they do not enjoy the rights of citizenship in their countries of employment and are unable to assert their human rights through international conventions? This article focuses on the work of Migrante-International's Middle East chapter in Saudi Arabia. Specifically, it examines the ways Philippine migrants strategically assert their rights as Philippine citizens transnationally in local labor struggles. This case study of transnational labor activism in a region where migrant workers enjoy limited rights not only highlights how migrants exercise their agency in spite of major obstacles, but it also offers up novel ways to think about worker organizing within the context of contemporary neoliberal globalization for labor activists and scholars concerned with the labor rights of migrants.