bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Public property management in Italian municipalities
Authors: Vermiglio Carlo 
Published: October 2011

PurposeThis article aims to present an overview of the main issues related to public real estate management in Italian local governments and to define a reliable approach for the employment of real estate properties during the time.Design/methodology/approachThe research defines a theoretical framework that takes under consideration the “key variables” that affect the strategic management of a real estate asset portfolio. The suggested approach may help public managers in the decision‐making process, enhancing the performance of the organization and the accountability in favor of the stakeholders.FindingsThe results demonstrate that there are still several omissions in the management of these assets and that strategies adopted have not been centered on a preliminary analysis of the financial, economic and social fallouts in the mid‐long term, mainly answering to short‐term political needs and budgetary constraints. Unlike experiences developed in other European countries, in Italy the main answer was the divestment of real estate assets, assumed as a “first best solution”.Practical implicationsThe article suggests a systemic and multidimensional approach for the management of a real estate portfolio and aims at developing a depth of knowledge in a field such as public property management, which can still be considered essentially unexplored by Italian literature.Originality/valueThe paper emphasizes the strategic relevance of the subject for politicians, managers, technicians and researchers involved in the management of a real estate portfolio.
Real estate education: an investigation of multiple stakeholders
Authors: Poon Joanna , Hoxley Mike , Fuchs Willow 
Published: October 2011

PurposeThis paper seeks to report the detailed findings of a Centre for Education in the Built Environment (CEBE) funded study into real estate programmes of study in UK universities. The aim is to critically evaluate the gaps in the professional practice firm employers' expectations of real estate graduates, real estate graduates' perceptions of what they attained during their studies and universities' views of the content of Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS) accredited real estate courses.Design/methodology/approachThe paper presents the research findings from questionnaire surveys of professional practice firm employers and graduates and of interviews with RICS accredited courses providers and with the human resource managers of major surveying firms.FindingsThe findings of the questionnaire survey should provide some comfort to real estate education providers since the top employer rated knowledge and skills are by and large found in most programmes of study. Universities would argue that they cannot actually do much about the personal attributes that graduates possess. There are significant differences in the views of employers and graduates and the only area of knowledge in which graduates currently exceed the requirements of employers is “research methods”. The comments made by both groups suggest that practical experience is considered to be missing from courses but most universities would not see this as one of their principal areas of responsibility. The RICS accredited course directors mentioned that they provide alternative simulated work experience for students. Apart from practical experience, the human resource managers also raised concerns about graduates' levels of commercial awareness.Practical implicationsThe findings of this research will enable those designing real estate programmes of study in real estate in the UK and around the world to ensure that their curricula are current and relevant to the needs of employers, from a UK perspective.Originality/valueThe paper presents the findings of questionnaire surveys of employers and graduates and of interviews with RICS accredited courses providers and human resource managers, which suggest that employers and graduates would like to see more practical skills and knowledge incorporated within university curricula.
Numerical model of electrode induction melting for gas atomization
Authors: Bojarevics Valdis , Roy Alan , Pericleous Koulis 
Published: October 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to create a numerical model of electrode induction melting process for the gas atomization (EIGA) and process and investigate the complex interaction of the electromagnetic and thermal fields on the fluid flow with free surface.Design/methodology/approachThe modelling approach is based on the free surface code SPHINX which includes time dependent electromagnetic, thermal and fluid flow with free surface modelling and the commercial software COMSOL for investigating 3D electromagnetic effects.FindingsThe melting dynamics, liquid film formation and the outflow free surface behavior are predicted by SPHINX using an optimized geometry. Quasi‐stationary AC electromagnetic solutions with COMSOL predict some 3D effects of the coil, including frequency dependent estimates of voltage, electric current and power.Originality/valueThe importance of magnetic forces controlling the free surface jet formation, partial semi‐levitation and the outflow superheat is uncovered by numerical modelling tools. An optimized geometry is presented for the EIGA process.
A cell method‐based numerical model for resistance welding
Authors: Alotto P. , Guarnieri M. , Moro F. , Stella A. 
Published: October 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to simulate in the time domain three‐dimensional electrical, thermal, mechanical coupled contact problems arising in electric resistance welding (ERW) processes.Design/methodology/approachA three‐dimensional multiphysical numerical model for analyzing contact problems is proposed. Electrical and thermal field equations in bulk domains are discretized with the cell method (CM). Welding resistance at contact interfaces is described locally by synthetic statistic parameters and contacting domains are matched together by a non‐overlapping domain decomposition method. Contact pressure distribution is resolved by a finite‐element procedure. The model is validated with 3D FEM software package.FindingsThe semi‐analytical model describing the electric and thermal resistances at contact interfaces can be easily embedded in CM formulations, where problem variables are expressed directly in integral form. Compatibility conditions between contact members are enforced by a domain decomposition approach. System conditioning and computing time are improved by a solution strategy based on the Schur complement method.Research limitations/implicationsThe electrical‐thermal analysis is not coupled strongly with the mechanical analysis and contact pressure distribution is assumed to be not depending on thermal stresses, which can be considerable near the contact area where localized joule heating occurs.Practical implicationsResistance welding processes involve mechanical, electrical, and thermal non‐linear coupled effects that cannot be simulated by standard commercial software packages. The proposed numerical model can be used instead for designing and optimizing ERW processes.Originality/valueThe paper shows that numerical modeling of ERW processes requires a careful prediction of the localized joule heating occurring at the electrode‐material interface. This effect is reconstructed by the proposed approach simulating coupled electrical, thermal, and mechanical effects on different spatial scales.
The stand for determining of thermal‐electrical material properties of induction heated charge
Authors: Zgraja Jerzy 
Published: October 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the efficiency of indirect determining of the thermal and electrical material characteristics of induction heated charges.Design/methodology/approachIn the paper, the indirect method based on comparing the experimental and simulation results of temperature distribution has been considered. An influence of the type of the optimization techniques and the objective function form on its effectiveness was analysed. The experimental stand used in the described method was presented too.FindingsThe method of indirect determining of material characteristics can contribute to correcting the accuracy of the simulation of the induction heating systems. Its main problem is however the explicitness of determination of the material properties. It can be reduced by initial estimation of material characteristics, which can be made on the same experimental stand.Originality/valueThe paper describes how the response surface methodology was tested in indirect method of determining the thermal and electrical material characteristics.
Numerical simulation of electromagnetic stirring in continuous casting of wires
Authors: Turewicz P. , Baake E. , Umbrashko A. 
Published: October 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe how electromagnetic stirring during continuous casting of ferrous and non‐ferrous metals is applied in order to increase the homogeneity and the material properties by improving the grain refinement in the solidification process. The fluid flow and thermal modeling was performed for studying the metal wire pulling process, where melt is being stirred at the solidification front (SF) by electromagnetic forces. Transient simulation has been carried out in order to investigate the periodical character of the process.Design/methodology/approachThe numerical analysis was performed in 2D utilizing the rotational symmetry of the problem. First the electromagnetic fields were estimated using FEM and were subsequently exported as source terms in a coupled thermal and flow simulation with FVM.FindingsThe presented numerical model estimated the most suitable position between the stirring coil and the SF to achieve high flow velocities which improve the grain refinement process.Originality/valueThis work enables estimation of the melt solidification in an electromagnetic stirred continuous casting process with oscillating pull velocities.
Higher‐order finite element modeling of rotational induction heating of nonferromagnetic cylindrical billets
Authors: Karban Pavel , Mach František , Dolezel Ivo , Barglik Jerzy 
Published: October 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a methodology of high‐precision finite element modeling of induction heating of rotating nonferromagnetic cylindrical billets in static magnetic field produced by appropriately arranged permanent magnets.Design/methodology/approachThe mathematical model consisting of two partial differential equations describing the distribution of the magnetic and temperature fields are solved by a fully adaptive higher‐order finite element method in the monolithic formulation and selected results are validated experimentally.FindingsThe method of solution realized by own code is very fast, robust and exhibits much more powerful features when compared with classical low‐order numerical methods implemented in existing commercial codes.Research limitations/implicationsFor sufficiently long arrangements the method provides good results even for 2D model. The principal limitation consists in problems with determining correct boundary conditions for the temperature field (generalized coefficient of convective heat transfer as a function of the temperature and revolutions).Practical implicationsThe methodology can successfully be used for design of devices for induction heating of cylindrical nonmagnetic bodies by rotation and determination of their operation parameters.Originality/valueThe paper is a presentation of the fully adaptive higher‐order finite element and its utilization for a monolithic numerical solution of a relatively complicated coupled problem.
A new high efficiency technology for the induction heating of non magnetic billets
Authors: Dughiero F. , Forzan M. , Lupi S. , Nicoletti F. , Zerbetto M. 
Published: October 2011

PurposeLow electrical resistivity metal billets can be heated by the currents induced by the rotation of the billet itself inside a transverse DC magnetic field produced by a superconductive coil. The main drawback of this approach is related to cost of installation that requires an adequate refrigerating system. The purpose of this paper is to propose a more convenient solution, which allows the same high efficiency to be achieved at lower cost. In this solution, the billet is kept still and a series of permanent magnets, positioned in the inner part of a ferromagnetic frame, is rotated.Design/methodology/approachSome results of the new induction system are shown. These results are obtained applying for the electromagnetic solution both an FE commercial code and an analytical method. The analytical code is developed because several parameters of the system need to be optimized.FindingsThe performance of the solution presented is comparable with those of the system with superconductive coils. The results of the two methods applied are in good agreement; thus the analytical code is validated.Originality/valueA new solution for the induction heating of aluminum billets is presented. The analytical code developed requires a very short computational time, also because it gives directly the steady‐state condition of the system and, for this reason, it can be conveniently applied to an automatic design process.
Compensation of induction heating load edge‐effect by space control
Authors: Forzan Michele , Lupi Sergio , Toffano Ezio 
Published: October 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a calculation optimization method that is able to achieve the best induced power profile (and subsequent temperature distribution) in a disk or billet workpiece processed by induction heating.Design/methodology/approachA volume integral method, also known as the mutually coupled circuits method, is implemented in MatLab® environment to solve axial‐symmetrical induction systems. It is completed with an optimization procedure based on Nelder‐Mead simplex algorithm, with the goal of obtaining a specified distribution of the induced power in the load. In this way, it is possible to predict current amplitudes for implementing the so‐called “zone controlled induction heating” (ZCIH) process.FindingsSome examples of calculation results are given, both for disc and billet loads. By the excitation of the inductor coils with a set of currents of appropriate amplitude and phase values, it is possible to achieve an optimized profile of induced power distributions.Originality/valueThis paper validates a method to predict currents and phases in a load‐inductor ZCIH system, confirming the possibility of obtaining specified induced power density distributions, according to the process requirements, e.g. for compensation of the load edge‐effect.
A 3D numerical FEM model for the simulation of induction welding of tubes
Authors: Dughiero F. , Forzan M. , Garbin M. , Pozza C. , Sieni E. 
Published: October 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present two simulation strategies for tube induction welding process. Coupled electromagnetic and thermal problem is solved by applying 3D FEM models. The resulting power density and temperature distribution are compared.Design/methodology/approachFE analysis has been used in order to compute the magnetic and thermal field in a suitable 3D model.FindingsTwo strategies for coupled magnetic and thermal simulation with movement are proposed.Practical implicationsReported strategies can be used to design tube induction welding devices and to verify the influence of the main parameters of the process, i.e. welding velocity, frequency, specific and total power.Originality/valueThe paper summarizes two different simulation strategies taking into account the movement of the tube through the inductor. In the first strategy, the tube heating is simulated by providing the mean power absorbed by a tube section crossing the inductor. In the second strategy, a spatial translation of the material properties is implemented.
Heat generation ability in AC magnetic field of needle‐type Ti‐coated mild steel for ablation cancer therapy
Authors: Naohara Takashi , Aono Hiromichi , Hirazawa Hideyuki , Maehara Tsunehiro , Watanabe Yuji , Matsutomo Shinya 
Published: October 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a ferromagnetic needle adaptable for a novel ablation cancer therapy; the heat generation ability of the mild steel rod embedded into the Ti‐tube having a different thickness was investigated in a high‐frequency output at 300 kHz.Design/methodology/approachThe outer diameter and length of the Ti‐tubes were 1.8 and 20 mm, respectively, while the inner diameter was varied from 1.6 to 0 mm. The mild steel rod was embedded in a Ti‐tube for preparing the needle‐type specimen. Their heat generation ability was examined by changing the inclination angle to the magnetic flux direction in a high‐frequency coil.FindingsWhen the thickness of the Ti surrounding the mild steel rod was as low as 0.1 mm, the heat generation ability was drastically different among the three inclination angles (θ=0°, 45°, and 90°) to the magnetic flux direction due to the effect of the shape‐induced magnetic anisotropy. However, the effect of the inclination angle was almost eliminated in the specimen surrounded by the 0.4 mm thick Ti, suggesting that the non‐oriented heat generation property is achieved for the needle‐type mild steel rod coated with Ti having the optimum thickness.Originality/valueThe prototype ablation needle having a complete non‐oriented heat generation ability was fabricated to use in subsequent animal experiments. It is considered that the newly designed Ti‐coated device is useful in ablation treatments using a high‐frequency induction heating.
Phase‐modulated currents in induction heating
Authors: Kapusta A. , Levy A. , Mikhailovich B. 
Published: October 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to determine technological potential of using multi‐frequency electromagnetic fields for the optimization of induction heating process.Design/methodology/approachThe aim of the research is achieved by using phase‐modulated current feeding the solenoid that excites the magnetic field. In this case, the magnetic field, side by side with the carrier frequency, contains frequency spectrum arising due to modulation. At that, spectral components possess different penetration depths, which ensures a more uniform current density distribution over the cross‐section of the heated object. The results are obtained using theoretical analysis of electrodynamic and thermal processes in the heated body.FindingsIn the course of the work, a basic possibility of the objective realization is established, and its high enough efficiency is achieved using a sufficiently large range of modulation parameters.Practical implicationsThe described method can significantly improve the technology of thermal treatment of metals and alloys liable to the formation of surface defects due to extreme temperature stresses.Originality/valueThe novelty of the paper consists in the use of phase‐modulated currents in induction heating.
Analysis of reactive and resistive open waveguide filters for use in microwave‐heating applicators
Authors: Clemente‐Fernández Francisco J. , Monzó‐Cabrera Juan , Pedreño‐Molina Juan L. , Lozano‐Guerrero Antonio J. , Díaz‐Morcillo Alejandro 
Published: October 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the limitations of conventional reactive and resistive filters employed in the open ports of microwave‐heating applicators, in order to know the limits of these filters as a function of the permittivity of the inner materials.Design/methodology/approachCST Studio Suite™ commercial electromagnetic software has been employed to simulate the behaviour of singly and doubly corrugated reactive filters. Additionally, several configurations for resistive filters implemented with water are assessed. Optimization procedures based on genetic algorithms have been used by modifying some geometric parameters of the filters in order to obtain the best possible bandstop response.FindingsResults show the serious limitations of these filters depending on the electric permittivity of the inner materials.Practical implicationsThese limitations restrict the type of the materials that can be processed, so there is a need for new structures which solve these problems.Originality/valueAlthough extensively used in many applications, there are few works that analyze the behaviour of these filters as a function of the geometric parameters or the sample permittivity, and therefore this influence needs to be studied.
Influence of the channel design on the heat and mass exchange of induction channel furnace
Authors: Baake E. , Jakovics A. , Pavlovs S. , Kirpo M. 
Published: October 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present in‐depth numerical modelling of heat and mass exchange in industrial induction channel furnace (ICF).Design/methodology/approachThe turbulent heat and mass exchange in the melt is calculated using a three‐dimensional (3D) electromagnetic model and a 3D transient large eddy simulation method. The simulation model has been verified by flow velocity and temperature measurements, which were carried out using an industrial sized channel inductor operating with Wood's metal as a low temperature model melt.FindingsThe ICF is well‐established for melting, holding and casting in the metallurgical industry. But there are still open questions regarding the heat and mass exchange in the inductor channel itself and between the channel and the melt bath. Different new designed channel geometries have been investigated numerically in order to find an optimized shape of the channel, which leads to an improved heat and mass transfer.Originality/valueLong‐term computations for the industrial ICF have been performed. Low frequency oscillations of the temperature maximum and its position in the ICF channel are considered.
Turbulence model effect on heat exchange characteristics through the neutron beam window for European spallation source
Authors: Spitans S. , Jakovičs A. 
Published: October 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to compare k‐ω shear‐stress transport (SST) and large eddy simulation (LES) turbulence model application effect on numerical computation of flow pattern and heat exchange characteristics through the neutron beam window region for European spallation source setup model.Design/methodology/approachTransient hydrodynamic and thermal calculations with appropriate heat sources are performed using both turbulence models and typical discrepancies in flow and thermal patterns are discussed, as well as, simulation results are qualitatively compared with experimental data for heat transfer coefficient distribution α at the window surface.FindingsContribution of greater k‐energy field obtained with LES calculation leads to prediction of more intensive heat transfer in comparison to k‐ω SST.Originality/valueThe paper illustrates discrepancies of thermal patterns caused by application of k‐ω SST and LES turbulent models.