bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic Kidney Disease and the Risk of Heart Failure in Men
Authors: Dhingra Ravi , Gaziano J. Michael , Djoussé Luc 
Published: January 2011

Background—
The relations between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and incident heart failure remain unclear.

Methods and Results—

We related CKD to incident nonfatal heart failure and cardiovascular (CVD) death (as separate and combined end points) in 10 181 male participants (mean age, 67 years). Kidney function was assessed by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation in clinically relevant categories of <60 and ≥60 mL · min
−1
· 1.73 m
−2
(referent) and <45, 45 to 60, 60 to 90, and ≥90 mL · min
−1
· 1.73 m
−2
(referent). During follow-up (mean, 10.1 years; range, 0.03 to 12.2), 439 developed heart failure and 832 had CVD death/heart failure. In multivariable models, men with eGFR <60 mL · min
−1
· 1.73 m
−2
had a 2-fold risk of heart failure (95% confidence interval, 1.62 to 2.56,
P
<0.0001) compared with referent category. The hazard ratio (with corresponding 95% confidence interval) for development of heart failure according to eGFR categories of 60 to 90, 45 to 60, and <45 mL · min
−1
· 1.73 m
−2
compared with referent category were 1.24 (0.98 to 1.56), 2.58 (1.91 to 3.49), and 1.52 (0.92 to 2.76), respectively. In the analyses restricted to subgroup of nondiabetic individuals and normotensive individuals at baseline (n=7545), men with eGFR <60 mL · min
−1
· 1.73 m
−2
had a 2.2-fold risk of heart failure (95% confidence interval, 1.66 to 2.95), compared with men with eGFR ≥60 mL · min
−1
· 1.73 m
−2
. Additionally, risk of heart failure or CVD death was >2.5-fold higher among individuals with eGFR 45 to 60 and <45 mL · min
−1
· 1.73 m
−2
, compared with referent category.

Conclusions—
Moderate level of CKD, even in absence of diabetes and hypertension at baseline, is associated with a higher risk of development of heart failure and CVD death/heart failure in men.
Sildenafil Preserves Lung Endothelial Function and Prevents Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling in a Rat Model of Diastolic Heart Failure
Authors: Yin Jun , Kukucka Marian , Hoffmann Julia , Sterner-Kock Anja , Burhenne Juergen , Haefeli Walter E. , Kuppe Hermann , Kuebler Wolfgang M. 
Published: January 2011

Background—Pulmonary hypertension as a frequent complication of left heart disease (PH-LHD) is characterized by lung endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodeling. Although PH-LHD contributes to morbidity and mortality in heart failure, established therapies for PH-LHD are lacking. We tested the effect of chronic sildenafil treatment in an experimental model of PH-LHD.Methods and Results—In Sprague-Dawley rats, PH-LHD was induced by supracoronary aortic banding. Oral sildenafil treatment (60 mg/kg daily) was initiated after 7 days, and lung endothelial function (n=5), vascular remodeling, and right ventricular function (n=11 each) were analyzed 9 weeks after banding. As compared with sham-operated controls, aortic banding induced pulmonary hypertension and lung endothelial dysfunction evident as lack of endothelial nitric oxide production and endothelium-dependent vasodilation. These changes were associated with an increased pulmonary vascular resistance, medial thickening, and biventricular cardiac hypertrophy. Sildenafil treatment largely attenuated these pathological changes and was not associated with detectable adverse effects pertinent to lung vascular barrier function, edema formation, or systemic hemodynamics.Conclusions—Our data identify sildenafil as a promising therapy for PH-LHD. In light of its documented protective effects at the myocardial level in heart failure, sildenafil presents a particularly attractive strategy in that it simultaneously targets cardiac remodeling and secondary PH-LHD.
A Simultaneous X-Ray/MRI and Noncontact Mapping Study of the Acute Hemodynamic Effect of Left Ventricular Endocardial and Epicardial Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Humans
Authors: Ginks Matthew R. , Lambiase Pier D. , Duckett Simon G. , Bostock Julian , Chinchapatnam Phani , Rhode Kawal , McPhail Mark J.W. , Simon Marcus , Bucknall Cliff , Carr-White Gerald , Razavi Reza , Rinaldi C. Aldo 
Published: January 2011

Background—
Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) using endocardial left ventricular (LV) pacing may be superior to conventional CRT. We studied the acute hemodynamic response to conventional CRT and LV pacing from different endocardial sites using a combined cardiac MRI and LV noncontact mapping (NCM) protocol to gain insights into the underlying mechanisms.

Methods and Results—

Fifteen patients (age, 63±10 years; 12 men) awaiting CRT were studied in a combined x-ray and MRI laboratory. Delayed-enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance was performed to define areas of myocardial fibrosis. Patients underwent an electrophysiological study incorporating endocardial and epicardial LV pacing. Acute hemodynamic response was measured using a pressure wire within the LV cavity to derive LV dP/dt max. NCM was used to define areas of slow conduction. There was a significant improvement in all LV pacing modes versus baseline (
P
<0.001). LV endocardial CRT from the best endocardial site was superior to conventional CRT, with a 79.8±49.0% versus 59.6±49.5% increase in LV dP/dt max of from baseline (
P
<0.05). The hemodynamic benefits of pacing were greater when LV stimulation was performed outside of areas of slow conduction defined by NCM (
P
<0.001). Delayed-enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance was able to delineate zones of slow conduction seen with NCM in ischemic patients but was unreliable in nonischemic patients.

Conclusions—
Endocardial LV pacing appears superior to conventional CRT, although the optimal site varies between subjects and is influenced by pacing within areas of slow conduction. Delayed-enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance was a poor predictor of zones of slow conduction in nonischemic patients.
Usefulness of Carvedilol in the Treatment of Chronic Aortic Valve Regurgitation
Authors: Zendaoui Adnane , Lachance Dominic , Roussel Élise , Couet Jacques , Arsenault Marie 
Published: January 2011

Background—
Aortic regurgitation (AR) is a chronic disease for which there is currently no approved medical treatment. We previously reported in an animal model that β-blockade with metoprolol exerted beneficial effects on left ventricular remodeling and survival. Despite the recent publication of promising human data, β-blockade in chronic AR remains controversial. More data are needed to support this potentially new treatment strategy. We hypothesized that carvedilol might be another safe treatment option in chronic AR, considering its combined β-blocking and α-blocking effects and proven efficacy in patients with established heart failure.

Methods and Results—
The effects of a 6-month treatment with carvedilol 30 mg/kg/d orally were evaluated in adult Wistar rats with severe AR. Sham-operated and untreated AR animals were used as controls. Carvedilol treatment resulted in less left ventricular hypertrophy and dilatation. Ejection fraction was improved and filling pressures were reduced by carvedilol. β1-Receptor expression was also improved as well as myocardial capillary density. Those beneficial effects were noted despite the presence of drug-induced bradycardia.

Conclusions—
Carvedilol exerted protective effects against volume-overload cardiomyopathy in this model of aortic valve regurgitation with preserved ejection fraction. These results suggest a protective class effect of β-blockers. Combined with the recent publication of promising human data, our findings support the need to carefully design a prospective study in humans to evaluate the effects of β-blockers in chronic aortic valve regurgitation.
A Prospective, Randomized Trial of Single-Drug Versus Dual-Drug Immunosuppression in Heart Transplantation
Authors: Baran David A. , Zucker Mark J. , Arroyo Luis H. , Camacho Margarita , Goldschmidt Marc E. , Nicholls Stephen J. , Prevost-Fernandez Jeanne , Carr Candace , Adams Laura , Pardi Susan , Hou Vera , Binetti Maria , McCahill Jeanine , Chichetti Joanne , Viloria Valerie , SanAgustin Mary Gladys , Ebuenga-Smith Jennifer , Mele Leslie , Martin Anthony , Blicharz Donna , Wolski Kathy , Olesnicky Ludmilla , Qian Fang , Gass Alan L. , Cohen Marc 
Published: January 2011

Background—
Cardiac transplantation, a procedure nearly abandoned in the 1970s, has evolved into the standard of care for appropriate patients with end-stage heart failure. Much of this success has been due to improvements in immunosuppression, including the introduction of a triple-drug regimen. Retrospective reports suggested that single-drug immunosuppression with tacrolimus was feasible. As such, a prospective, randomized trial was conducted to test this approach.

Methods and Results—

One hundred fifty adult de novo heart transplant recipients were enrolled in a prospective, randomized, controlled, open-label trial comparing tacrolimus monotherapy (MONO) with tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil therapy (COMBO). Corticosteroids were used in the early postoperative period but discontinued in all patients over 8 to 9 weeks. The primary end point was the composite biopsy score at 6 months after transplant. Patients were followed for 1 to 5 years. The composite biopsy score was similar between groups at 6 and 12 months: 6-month MONO, 0.70±0.44 (95% confidence interval, 0.60 to 0.80) versus COMBO, 0.65±0.40 (95% confidence interval, 0.55 to 0.74;
P
=0.44). Allograft vasculopathy was assessed by angiography and intravascular ultrasound, with no significant differences noted. Three-year survival was also similar (92.4% MONO versus 97% COMBO;
P
=0.58, log-rank).

Conclusions—
Addition of mycophenolate to single-agent immunosuppression did not provide an advantage over single-agent immunosuppression in terms of rejection, allograft vasculopathy, or 3-year survival. Corticosteroids, which have traditionally been a mainstay of therapy, were successfully discontinued in all patients. These conclusions are tempered by the limited statistical power associated with a sample size of only 150 patients.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00299221.
Poikilolaimus carsiops n. sp. (Rhabditida: Rhabditidae) associated with Neotermes koshunensis (Kalotermitidae) in Kenting National Park, Taiwan
Authors: Kanzaki Natsumi , Li Hou-Feng , Lan Yen-Chiu , Kosaka Hajime , Giblin-Davis Robin M. , Center Barbara J. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
During a survey of termite-associated nematodes in southern Taiwan (Kenting
National Park), two species of Poikilolaimus, Poikilolaimus cf. floridensis
and an undescribed species, were isolated from termites in the family
Kalotermitidae. The undescribed species is morphologically observed,
described and figured herein as P. carsiops n. sp. The new species is
characterised by an unusual cross-shaped stomatal opening formed by two well
developed dorsal and two subventral lip sectors, each with a triangular flap
and two vestigial lateral lip sectors lacking a flap, and several other
morphological characters. Based upon morphology and molecular phylogenetic
analysis, P. carsiops n. sp. is closest to P. floridensis; i. e., these two
species share a plesiomorphic regular cuticle and short tail in both males
and females, and a lack of metastegostomatal teeth or denticle. In the
molecular phylogenetic analysis, P. carsiops n. sp. and P. floridensis
formed a well-supported clade which was clearly separated from, but
monophyletic with, a clade that includes the other Poikilolaimus species.
Because both P. carsiops n. sp. and P. floridensis have been isolated only
from the kalotermitid termites, the P. floridensis/P. carsiops n. sp. clade
is considered to be specialised with dry wood and damp wood termites
(Kalotermitidae).
Studies on the genus Aporcelaimellus Heyns, 1965 (Dorylaimida: Aporcelaimidae). Species from Sri Lanka originally studied by Loos
Authors: Álvarez -Ortega Sergio , Peña-Santiago Reyes 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
This paper provides new information about five species of Aporcelaimellus
sensu lato from Sri Lanka (formerly Ceylon) studied by Loos in two
contributions published in 1945 and 1949, and whose corresponding material
is deposited in part at the University of California (Riverside).
Aporcelaimellus insignis is re-described on the basis of the type material.
Aporcelaimellus loosi sp. n. is described on the basis of two females and
characterised by its body length of 1.52-1.71 mm, lip region offset by
constriction and 15.015.5 μ m in diam., odontostyle 18.5-19.0 μ m long and
with aperture occupying about two-thirds its length, neck 450-467 μ m long,
pharyngeal expansion 234-246 μ m long or occupying 52-53% of total neck
length, uterus short and simple, V = 55-56, female tail short and rounded
(23 μm, c = 67-74, c = 0.6), and male unknown. One female of A. tropicus
perfectly fits those forming part of the type population. Aporcelaimellus
mamillatus is described in detail and transferred to the genus Aporcelinus.
One female of Makatinus minor is also described and compared with type
material of this species. Measurements and illustrations, including line
drawings and/or LM pictures, are given for the five species.
Novel bioassays to examine the host-finding ability of plant-parasitic nematodes
Authors: Dalzell Johnathan J. , Kerr Rachel , Corbett Matthew D. , Fleming Colin C. , Maule Aaron G. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
We present two novel bioassays to be used in the examination of
plant-parasitic nematode host-finding ability. The hostfinding 'pipette-bulb
assay' was constructed from modelled Pasteur pipette bulbs and connecting
barrels using parafilm fastenings. This assay examines the direction of
second-stage juvenile (J2) migration in response to a host seedling, through
a moistened sand substrate, which underlies terminal upward-facing 'seedling
bulbs', one containing a host seedling in potting compost, the other with
only potting compost. An equal watering regime through both upward-facing
seedling bulbs creates a directional concentration gradient of host
diffusate chemotactic factors. Positive chemotactic stimuli cause the J2 to
orientate and migrate towards the host plant. We present validation data
collected from assays of the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, and
the potato cyst nematode, Globodera pallida, which indicate a highly
significant positive attraction of J2 of both species to respective host
plants. This represents a simple, quick and inexpensive method of assessing
host-finding behaviour in the laboratory. We consider that the pipette-bulb
assay improves on previous host-finding/chemo-attraction assays through
creating a more biologically relevant environment for experimental J2;
analysis is quick and easy, allowing the straightforward interpretation of
results. In addition, we have developed an 'agar trough' sensory assay
variant which we believe can be used rapidly to ratify nematode responses to
chemical gustatory or olfactory cues. This was constructed from a water agar
substrate such that two counting wells were connected by a raised central
trough, all flooded with water. Two small water agar plugs were dehydrated
briefly in an oven and then hydrated in either an attractant, repellent or
water control; these plugs were then placed in the terminal counting wells
and subsequently leached the attractant or repellent to form a concentration
gradient along the central trough, which contained the initial J2 innoculum.
Our data show that both M. incognita and G. pallida J2 are positively
attracted to host diffusates. In addition, they displayed a strong repulsion
in response to 1 M NaCl2. J2 of M. incognita displayed a mild aversion to a
non-host oak root diffusate, whereas G. pallida J2 displayed a strong
aversion to the same non-host diffusate; neither species responded to a
compost leachate. We believe that the agar trough assay improves on previous
methods by facilitating rapid diffusion of attractant or repellents. Both of
the aforementioned assays were designed as tools to assess the impact of
RNAi-based reverse genetics screens for gene targets involved in
chemosensory orientation.
Toxicity of Kaempferia galanga rhizome constituents to Meloidogyne incognita juveniles and eggs
Authors: Hong Tae-Kyun , Kim Soon-Il , Heo Jae-Won , Lee Jae-Kook , Choi Dong-Ro , Ahn Young-Joon 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe toxicity of Kaempferia galanga rhizome constituents to second-stage juveniles (J2) and eggs of Meloidogyne incognita was examined in vitro and in container experiments. Results were compared with those of three nematicides: carbofuran, fosthiazate and metam sodium. Ethyl cinnamate (EC) and ethyl p-methoxycinnamate (EMC) were the nematicidal and hatch inhibitory principles. In direct-contact mortality bioassays, EC 0.037 mg ml–1) and EMC (0.041 mg ml–1) were more toxic than carbofuran (0.092 mg ml–1) but less toxic than fosthiazate (0.002 mg ml–1) towards J2 based upon 48 h LC50 values. EC and EMC treatments resulted in 100% and 93 and 81% inhibition of hatch at 125.0 and 62.5 μg ml–1, respectively. Inhibition of these compounds was higher than carbofuran and metam sodium but significantly lower than fosthiazate. In contact +fumigant mortality bioassays with J2, EC and EMC applied at 0.25 and 0.125 mg (g soil)–1resulted in 81 and 80% and 77 and 73% mortality, respectively, while carbofuran and metam sodium treatments resulted in 86 and 96% and 57 and 73% mortality, respectively. Fosthiazate resulted in 92% mortality at 0.063 mg (g soil)–1. In vapour-phase mortality bioassays with J2, EC and EMC were more effective in a closed container than in an open one, indicating that mode of delivery was, in part, a result of vapour action. Global efforts to reduce the level of highly toxic synthetic nematicides in the agricultural environment justify further studies on K. galanga rhizome-derived materials, particularly ethyl cinnamate and ethyl p-methoxycinnamate, as potential nematicides and hatching inhibitors for the control of M. incognita as fumigants with contact action.
Diversity and incidence of plant-parasitic nematodes in Belgian turf grass
Authors: Vandenbossche Bart , Viaene Nicole , Sutter Nancy , Maes Martine , Karssen Gerrit , Bert Wim 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Eleven golf courses and eight football pitches, located in Belgium, were
surveyed for plant-parasitic nematodes. This revealed a remarkably high
diversity: 52 different species/taxa were identified morphologically,
belonging to 23 genera and nine families. Among the most prevalent nematodes
on both sports field types were Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus and
Meloidogyne naasi (>85% and >45% of the analysed samples,
respectively). Golf greens contained a higher density and diversity of cyst
nematodes than football fields. Cyst nematode species included Punctodera
punctata, Heterodera mani, H. ustinovi, H. bifenestra and H. hordecalis.
Multivariate statistics of the first three species showed that they could be
separated based on morphometrical characters of juveniles, but not on values
based on the vulval pattern. Several detected species, e. g., Meloidogyne
minor, are a potential source of infestation of agricultural fields. This
study shows the importance of plant-parasitic nematodes in turf grass in
temperate Europe. In addition, a comparison between two extraction methods
revealed that significantly more nematodes were extracted with the zonal
centrifuge than after 2 weeks extraction with the Baermann method, except
for juveniles of Meloidogyne spp. and cyst-forming species.
Description of Schistonchus microcarpus n. sp. (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae), an associate of Ficus microcarpa in China
Authors: Zeng Yongsan , Ye Weimin , Giblin-Davis Robin , Li Changhui , Zhang Shinian , Du Zhijian 
Published: January 2011

AbstractSchistonchus microcarpus n. sp. was recovered from the syconia of Ficus microcarpa from Shenzhen and Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China, during a survey of nematode biodiversity from 2007 to 2009. It is characterised by possessing the combined characters of a short post-uterine sac (PUS) (3-11 μm or <0.4 vulval body diam. (VBD) long), excretory pore located just posterior to the head but anterior to the conus level of the stylet, prominent amphids, three pairs of subventral papillae on the male tail (one pair adcloacal, one pair halfway between cloaca and tail terminus, and one pair near tail tip), unique recurved and sickleshaped spicules with finely rounded tip with cucullus, amoeboid sperm, and rounded male tail tip with or without mucron. Schistonchus microcarpus n. sp. is morphologically differentiated from all other described species in this genus by the possession of a spicule with a cucullus on the tip. Schistonchus microcarpus n. sp. was easily differentiated from other sequenced species by the partial small subunit rRNA gene (SSU) and D3 expansion segments of the large subunit rRNA gene (LSU). Phylogenetic analysis with partial SSU sequences suggests that S. microcarpus n. sp. is in a highly supported monophyletic clade with sequenced Schistonchus species except for S. hirtus. Based upon inferences using D3 LSU sequence data, it forms a clade with an undescribed species of Schistonchus ex F. benjamini from Australia and is part of a larger clade of Schistonchus that mostly share the character of an anteriorly placed excretory pore. Sequences of partial mtDNA COI (590 bp) from males of S. microcarpus n. sp. with and without a mucronate tail tip were identical, proving that these two morphotypes are conspecific.
Organic amendments and their influences on plant-parasitic and free-living nematodes: a promising method for nematode management?
Authors: Thoden Tim C. , Korthals Gerard W. , Termorshuizen Aad J. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The use of organic soil amendments, such as green manures, animal manures,
composts or slurries, certainly has many advantageous aspects for soil
quality and is suggested as a promising tool for the management of
plant-parasitic nematodes. However, during a recent literature survey we
also found numerous studies reporting an increase of plant-parasitic
nematodes after the use of organic amendments. Therefore, we critically
re-evaluated the usefulness of organic amendments for nematode management
and suggest possible mechanisms for a stimulation of plant-parasitic
nematodes, as well as mechanisms that might be causing a reduction of
plant-parasitic nematodes. In addition, we also elucidate a possible
mechanism that might be responsible for the observed overall positive
effects of organic amendments on crop yields. It is likely that a
significant part of this is, inter alia, due to the proliferation of
non-pathogenic, free-living nematodes and their overall positive effects on
soil microbial populations, organic matter decomposition, nutrient
availability, plant morphology and ecosystem stability.
Effects of Instrumented Bottom Tripods on Process Measurements
Authors: Bolaños Rodolfo , Amoudry Laurent O. , Doyle Ken 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The measurement and assessment of ocean bottom processes are important sources of information for understanding bedform evolution and sediment entrainment and for improving numerical models. Instrumented tripods have been used to investigate bottom boundary layer and sediment dynamics processes for several decades. In this paper, the effects of instrumented tripods on hydrodynamics and on the sea bed are investigated via numerical modeling and field data collected under moderate to strong tidal currents and mild surface waves. Under high currents, streamlines are modified and structure-induced vertical velocities are produced. To minimize this effect, a rotation of the three-dimensional current measurement under the frame is recommended. Acceleration of the flow under the frame is also significant (on the order of 10%–20%), which leads to an increase in bottom stress and can produce a large scour pit in energetic currents. Wave–structure interactions mainly increase turbulence near the frame. No significant wave effect has been observed near the bed, and scouring thus mostly relates to tidal currents.