bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RESOURCE PRODUCTIVITIES IN AN IRRIGATED DAIRYING AREA*
Authors: Hickey G.J. , Lloyd Alan G. 
Published: April 2012

In 1962‐63 a survey was conducted of forty‐three dairy farmers in the Nambrok‐Denison area of the Central Gippsland Irrigation District, near Maffra, in Victoria. One of the main purposes of the survey was to obtain estimates of resource productivities, using the Cobb‐Douglas production function approach.This approach, to be successful, requires (inter alia) a high degree of uniformity between farms as regards soil, climate, stage of development and technical efficiency in management. A detailed soil survey of the area was available, and all eligible farms on a group of closely similar soil types were included in the sample. The restricted area ensured uniformity of climate (23" rainfall) and the fact that the farms were part of a Soldier Settlement Commission development, commenced in 1951, suggested that there would be less variance in stage of development and technical efficiency than is encountered in most farm surveys (assuming the Commission's selection procedures have some efficacy).
BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: MORELLI EMERY A. 
Published: April 2012

Fundamentals of Modern Agriculture. Edited by C. D. Blake.Distribution of Groceries. Economic Aspects of the Distribution of Groceries, with Special Reference to Western Australia. By D. H. Briggs and R. L. Smyth.Marketing and Economic Development. Edited by C. J. Miller.Agricultural Producers and Their Markets. Edited by T. K. Warley.Agricultural Development in Tropical Africa. By J. D. DE Wilde et. al.Wool? Modern Myths and New Horizons, By G. S. LE Couteur.Agricultural Economics in Tangunyiku. By H. Ruthenberg.Back of Bourke. By R. L. Heathcote.Shearing Shed Management. By H. S. Woodbridge.Tax Burden on Indian Agriculture. By V. P. Gandhi.A General Theory of Tax Structure Change During Economic Development. By H. H. Hinricks.The Economics of Agricultural Development. By J. W. Mellor.
BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: MORELLI EMERY A. 
Published: April 2012

Book reviewed in this article:Getting from Here to There: A Policy for the Post‐Keynesian Age. By W. W. Rostow.Agriculture and Economic Growth in an Open Economy: The Case of Argentina. By D. Cavallo AND Y. Mundlak.Urban Food Marketing and Third World Rural Development. By T. Scarlett Epstein.Livestock Production Systems and Livestock Development in Tropical Africa. By Hans E. Jahnke.Farm Accounting and Management. By Ford Sturrock, Seventh Edition.Farm Business Management: Successful Decisions in a Changing Environment. By Peter H. Calkins and Dennis D. Dupietre.Assessing the Social Costs of Oil Spills: The Amoco‐Cadiz Case Study. By U.S. Department OF Commerce, National Oceanic AND Atmospherica Administration.Economic Theory of Co‐operative Enterprises: Selected Readings. By Liam Kennedy (ed.).
SUPPLY AND DEMAND RESPONSES FOR POULTRY MEAT IN AUSTRALIA1
Authors: Bhati U.N. 
Published: April 2012

This study of poultry meat supply and demand responses has two objectives. The first is to help meet the needs of the Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics for models for its commodity outlook and other work. The second objective is to quantify the effects on the poultry meat sector of a recent significant change in the domestic feed wheat marketing policy.The paper commences with a review of changes in the poultry meat sector since about 1970, including a description of the new feed wheat policy and its relevance to the poultry sector. The review forms a basis for the formulation, estimation and interpretation of an econometric model of poultry meat supply and demand.
BEYOND ALTRUISTIC AND COMMERCIAL CONTRACT MOTHERHOOD: THE PROFESSIONAL MODEL
Authors: VAN ZYL LIEZL , WALKER RUTH 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTIt has become common to distinguish between altruistic and commercial contract motherhood (or ‘surrogacy’). Altruistic arrangements are based on the ‘gift relationship’: a woman is motivated by altruism to have a baby for an infertile couple, who are free to reciprocate as they see fit. By contrast, in commercial arrangements both parties are motivated by personal gain to enter a legally enforceable agreement, which stipulates that the contract mother or ‘surrogate’ is to bear a child for the intending parents in exchange for a fee. She is required to undergo medical examinations and to refrain from behaviour that could harm the foetus. The intending parents are the child's legal parents from the outset. The parties to the contract can, but are not expected to, maintain contact after the transaction is completed. We argue that contract motherhood should not be organized according to the norms of the gift relationship, and that contract mothers should be compensated for their labour. However, we accept that there are good reasons for rejecting the commercial model as a suitable framework for contract pregnancy, and argue, instead, in favour of viewing it as a profession.
‘I hope he goes first’: Exploring determinants of engagement in future planning for adults with a learning disability living with ageing parents. What are the issues?
Authors: Bibby Rita 
Published: April 2012

Accessible Summary

This paper attempts to find out why it is that many adults with a learning disability and their older parents and carers do not make plans for their future.
The author takes a look at other research to try and find the reasons for why this is.
The author finds that this may be to do with the type of relationship families have with professionals and if they feel able to trust them.
The author suggests ways to improve these relationships.

SummaryThis paper reports on the key findings from a review of the literature on future planning for adults with a learning disability who live with older parents and carers. This area has gained attention in recent years, owing to the improved life expectancy of people with a learning disability and the increasing number who now outlive their parents. For those currently living with older parents and carers, this has major implications for the future, with the likelihood that formal services will eventually take over the care role. It is suggested that the presence of a plan for the future, formulated at a time of stability and in advance of any crisis, may lead to improved outcomes for this next phase of life. However, regardless of several policy initiatives to encourage active planning for the future, the take‐up rate remains poor. This review of the literature seeks to offer an explanation for this through identifying the barriers to future planning as experienced by people with a learning disability and their older carers. The evidence suggests that there are ten key barriers to engagement in future planning. Consideration is given to each of these in turn, and a common thread is identified, that of the quality of the relationships between the families and the professionals who they come into contact with. Gaps in the research are considered, and the need for further work identified to reflect the views of black and minority ethnic families and so‐called hidden families who are not known to statutory services. Also highlighted is the lack of participation in the research of those people with more severe disabilities who use alternative methods of communication.
Obtaining consent from young people with autism to participate in research
Authors: Loyd Daisy 
Published: April 2012

Accessible summary
Young people with autism should be involved in research about them.
Sometimes it can be difficult to understand what it means to be involved in research.
Approaches can be devised to help young people with autism say ‘yes’ or ‘no’ to research and understand their involvement.
SummaryYoung people with autism were involved in a study examining the participation of young people with autism in drama education. This study considers the approaches devised to obtain consent from ten young people with autism who communicated in different ways. The process of obtaining consent and monitoring assent is outlined and evaluated. The research illustrates that young people with autism who communicate in different ways can give their consent and be helped to understand what it means to be involved in research. Challenges specific to researching a group of young people with autism are considered and implications for future research presented.
Dentists’ attitude to provision of care for people with learning disabilities in Udaipur, India
Authors: Nagarajappa Ramesh , Tak Mridula , Sharda Archana J. , Asawa Kailash , Jalihal Sagar , Kakatkar Gauri 
Published: April 2012

Scand J Caring Sci; 2013; 27; 57–62

Dentists’ attitude to provision of care for people with learning disabilities in Udaipur, India
This study determines and compares the attitudes of dentists to the provision of care for people with learning disabilities according to gender, qualification, previous experience of treating patients with learning disabilities and work experience of dentists. A cross‐sectional study was conducted among 247 dentists (166 men and 81 women) using a pretested structured questionnaire. This questionnaire assessed the respondent’s attitude towards learning‐disabled patients in five categories: beliefs about treating them, their capabilities, discrimination against these patients, their social behaviour and quality of care to be received by these patients. The information on dentist’s gender, qualification, work experience and previous experience of treating patients with learning disabilities was also collected through questionnaire. The Student’s t‐test and anova test were used for statistical analysis. The mean attitude score was found to be 71.13 ± 8.97. A statistically significant difference was found in the mean attitude scores of dentists with work experience (p = 0.000). Study subjects with postgraduate qualification and previous experience of treating patients with learning disabilities had significantly greater mean attitude score than their counterparts (p = 0.000). The overall attitude of dentists towards provision of care for people with learning disabilities was favourable, which increased with higher qualification and past experience.
Bipolar tissue sealant device decreases hemoglobin loss in multilevel spine surgery
Authors: Hill Steven E. , Broomer Bob , Stover John , White William , Richardson William 
Published: April 2012

BACKGROUND: Traditional techniques for obtaining hemostasis during orthopedic surgery, such as conventional electrocautery and sealants, have limited clinical effectiveness in reducing hemoglobin (Hb) loss and requirement for transfusion. The bipolar tissue sealant device studied in this trial combines radiofrequency energy with saline irrigation to hemostatically seal both cut bone and soft tissue, potentially aiding hemostasis.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Sixty patients undergoing multilevel posterior lumbar instrumentation and fusion were randomly assigned to unipolar cautery alone (control group) or unipolar cautery plus use of the bipolar tissue sealant device (treatment group). Hb loss from the surgical field was measured (rather than estimated) and compared between the two groups. The primary hypothesis was that the treatment group would lose significantly less Hb than the control group.RESULTS: The control group experienced a mean Hb loss of 102.4 g while the treatment group showed a significantly lower mean Hb loss of 66.2 g (p = 0.0004). No significant difference was found between groups with respect to secondary endpoints including length of surgery, number of red blood cell units transfused, number of total blood component units transfused, transfusion avoidance, length of stay, or serious adverse events.CONCLUSION: Use of a bipolar tissue sealant device in addition to unipolar cautery significantly decreased Hb loss during multilevel, posterior lumbar spinal instrumentation and fusion when compared with unipolar cautery alone.
Institutional Equity Trading Costs: NYSE Versus Nasdaq
Authors: CHAN LOUIS K. C. , LAKONISHOK JOSEF 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTWe compare execution costs (market impact plus commission) on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and Nasdaq for institutional investors. The differences in cost generally conform to each market's area of specialization. Controlling for firm size, trade size, and the money management firm's identity, costs are lower on Nasdaq for trades in comparatively smaller firms, while costs for trading the larger stocks are lower on NYSE. The cost differences estimated from a regression model are, however, sensitive to the choice of time period.
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition Prevents Atrial Fibrillation in a Canine Model of Atrial Pacing‐Induced left Ventricular Dysfunction
Authors: SAKABE MASAO , FUJIKI AKIRA , SAKAMOTO TAMOTSU , NAKATANI YOSUKE , MIZUMAKI KOICHI , INOUE HIROSHI 
Published: April 2012

Allopurinol and Atrial Fibrillation. Aims: Oxidative stress could be a possible mechanism and a therapeutic target of atrial fibrillation (AF). Xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibition reduces oxidative stress, but the effects of XO inhibitor on AF have not been evaluated. Hence, we assessed the effects of XO inhibitor, allopurinol, on progression of atrial vulnerability in dogs associated with tachycardia‐induced cardiomyopathy.
Methods and Results:
The dogs were subjected to atrial tachypacing (ATP, 400 bpm) without atrioventricular block for 4 weeks. The dynamics of atrial‐tachycardia remodeling were evaluated in allopurinol‐treated dogs (ALO, n = 5), placebo‐treated controls (CTL, n = 6), and sham‐operated dogs (n = 6). In CTL dogs, 4 weeks of ATP significantly increased AF duration (DAF; from 0.2 ± 0.2 seconds to 173 ± 67 seconds, P < 0.05) and decreased atrial effective refractory period (ERP; from 152 ± 9 milliseconds to 80 ± 4 milliseconds at a cycle length of 350 milliseconds, P < 0.01). Allopurinol attenuated the ATP effects on ERP (118 ± 6 milliseconds, P < 0.01) or DAF (0.6 ± 0.3 seconds, P < 0.05).In CTL dogs, ATP‐induced rapid ventricular responses decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF; from 58.6 ± 0.1 to 23.5 ± 2.4%, P < 0.01), and increased left atrial diameter (LAD; from 17 ± 1 mm to 24 ± 1 mm, P < 0.01). ATP increased atrial fibrosis when compared with sham‐operated dogs (CTL 10.7 ± 0.8% vs Sham 1.1 ± 0.3%, P < 0.01). Allopurinol suppressed atrial fibrosis (2.3 ± 0.6%, P < 0.01 vs CTL) and eNOS reduction without affecting LVEF (20.6 ± 2.2%, ns) and LAD (23 ± 1 mm, ns).
Conclusion:
Allopurinol suppresses AF promotion by preventing both electrical and structural remodeling. These results suggest that XO may play an important role in enhancement of atrial vulnerability, and might be a novel target of AF therapy. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 23 pp. 1130‐1135, October 2012)
Determining Activation Volume for the Pressure‐Induced Phase Transformation in β‐Eucryptite Through Nanoindentation
Authors: Ramalingam Subramanian , Reimanis Ivar E. , Packard Corinne E. 
Published: April 2012

β‐eucryptite (LiAlSiO4) has received widespread attention, both industrially and academically because of its low negative average coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and one dimensional Li‐ion conductivity. It undergoes a reversible pressure‐induced phase transformation at ~1 GPa to a metastable polymorph, ε‐eucryptite. In the present work, low load (~30 μN) nanoindentation tests were performed on polycrystalline and single crystal β‐eucryptite to characterize this phase transformation. Hundreds of tests at several loading rates revealed a rate‐dependence, with higher loading rates suppressing the deviation from isotropic elastic behavior—a signature of a thermally‐activated process. The occurrence of reversible hysteretic loops in the load‐displacement curves is consistent with a reversible process during nanoindentation, viz. the phase transformation. Calculations of the activation volume suggest that the nucleation event that is believed to mark the onset of the phase transformation is approximately the size of the silica and alumina tetrahedra comprising the β‐eucryptite structure. This study provides fundamental insights into the mechanism of pressure‐induced phase transformation in β‐eucryptite.
1  Beyond Belief: The Archaeology of Religion and Ritual
Authors: Rowan Yorke M 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTUntil recently, the study of religion and ritual by archaeologists was typically found among those studying “world religions,” particularly those with the benefit of texts. Building upon a renewed interest in archaeological explorations of ancient religion and sacred ritual, the authors in this volume construct new understandings of the material forms of religion through the combination of multiple perspectives and differing methodological approaches. By using a variety of strategies applied to widely divergent regions and time periods, these scholars demonstrate how the archaeological study of ancient religion and ritual is methodologically and theoretically valid.
5  Toward an Archaeology of Secrecy: Power, Paradox, and the Great Gods of Samothrace
Authors: Blakely Sandra 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTThe mystery cult of the Great Gods of Samothrace offers productive material for theory building with respect to the archaeology of secrecy in ritual contexts. The social practice of secrecy builds political power and relies on communicative strategies that simultaneously conceal and reveal, employing culturally specific codes involving abstraction, ambiguity, metaphor, and allusion. Samothrace increased its secrecy as it grew in prestige: archaeological materialization of this secrecy includes euphemistic inscriptions and magnetized iron rings used as tokens of initiation. The rings use myth, philosophy, and ritual practice to communicate the initiate's status while emphasizing the rites’ resistance to disclosure.
12  What Should an Archaeology of Religion Look Like to a Blind Archaeologist?
Authors: Joyce Rosemary A. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTArchaeology understands religion from embodied practices; interrogates the role of materiality in the reproduction of religion, accomplished in ritual; and explores what historical perspectives tell us about how religions persist and change. Archaeology is specially prepared to examine the repetition of practices over time, and their mediation through material forms. Embodied practices, routinized, unquestioned, yet subject to recognition and approval as “right,” are the core of religion in action, or ritual. A pragmatic archaeological approach asks not what religionis,but what itdoes,and how the material and historical basis of archaeology might change our view of religion.
Omega‐3 essential fatty acid status is improved during nutritional rehabilitation of adolescent girls with eating disorders and weight loss
Authors: Swenne Ingemar , Rosling Agneta 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAim:  Essential fatty acid status is altered in eating disorders with weight loss, and deficiencies in polyunsaturated omega‐3 essential fatty acids have been implicated in the development of depression and other psychopathologies. Presently, recovery of essential fatty status during the treatment of adolescent girls with eating disorders has been investigated.Methods:  Fatty acids were analysed in erythrocyte membranes of 24 adolescents girls with eating disorders of short duration, and on the average >10 kg weight loss at presentation. Blood samples were obtained at presentation and following weight recovery on standard diet without supplementation with essential fatty acids.Results:  Alterations of essential fatty status observed at presentation largely normalized during treatment. Omega‐3 status improved following weight gain.Conclusion:  Adequate nutrition, normalization of eating behaviours, weight gain and the consequent return to normalization of metabolism and endocrine function are sufficient to ensure normalization of essential fatty acid status. Supplementation with omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids does not appear warranted.
Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in an elderly population in the city of Valparaiso, Chile
Authors: Cueto Alfredo , Martínez René , Niklander Sven , Deichler Javiera , Barraza Alan , Esguep Alfredo 
Published: April 2012

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2012.00663.x

Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in an elderly population in the city of Valparaiso, Chile
Objective:  Chilean population is ageing, which means an increase in the prevalence of multiple pathologies, including those located in the oral cavity.Aim:  To measure the prevalence and distribution of oral mucosal lesions and to identify associated risk factors in elderly patients in the city of Valparaiso.Material and methods:  This study includes 126 patients over 60 years. The sample was calculated with a sampling error of 3.7% from a population size of 6000 file cards. Frequency and contingency tables were made together with odds ratios, with a confidence interval of 95%. Finally, we built a predictive model based on a binary logistic regression.Results:  From the whole sample, 85 patients (67.5%) had some oral mucosal lesion. The most frequent lesions were denture‐induced stomatitis (37.1%). It was noted that there is a statistically significant association between the use of denture and the presence of oral candidiasis. The consumption of drugs and the use of denture increase the likelihood of having oral mucosal lesions.Conclusion:  There is a high prevalence of oral lesions in the elderly patients of Valparaiso. The use of drugs and /or denture increases significantly the likelihood that a person over 60 years presents lesions in the oral mucosa.
Zur Kenntnis der Askorbinsäure‐Oxydase1
Authors: Rosenberg Hans 
Published: April 2012

ZusammenfassungDie in Gurken enthaltene hochwirksame Askorbinsäure‐Oxydase wurde an zwei Stereo‐Isomeren der 1‐Askorbinsäure auf ihre Spezifität geprüft.Die Wirksamkeit der Askorbinsäure‐Oxydase gegenüber d‐Askorbinsäure und d‐Arabo‐askorbinsäure ist geringfügig im Vergleich mit ihrer Wirksamkeit gegenüber 1‐Askorbinsäure.Nach Abschluß dieser Arbeit finden wir eine kurze Mitteilung von Zilva (1936, Biochemic. J. 30, 1215), daß ein Homologon der d‐Askorbinsäure, d‐Gluko‐Askorbinsäure, von Askorbinsäure‐Oxydase langsam, aber vollständig oxydiert wird.
Die Restreduktion des Blutes in der Ruhe und während körperlicher Arbeit1
Authors: Bøje O. 
Published: April 2012

ZusammenfassungDie Restreduktion im Totalblut bei der Blutzuckerbestimmung a.m. Hagedorn‐Jensen wird nach Vergären der Glukose bestimmt. Sie ist durchschnittlich 11 — 12 mg% als Glukose berechnet, von der Totalreduktion unabhängig und nicht von körperlicher Arbeit beeinflußt.Nach langdauernder, körperlicher Arbeit, wo der Blutzucker, a.m. Hagedorn‐Jensen bestimmt, bis auf 40 mg% sinken kann, ist noch ungefähr 30 mg% Glukose im Blut vorhanden.