bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How does science and technology studies contribute to climate mitigation research? Advanced review of infrastructure as a concept and method
Authors: Silvast Antti , Virtanen Mikko J. , Valkenburg Govert , Kongsager Rico 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to review how Science and Technology Studies (STS) has contributed to climate change mitigation research. We focus on large‐scale infrastructures as a key topic of both mitigation efforts and recent STS scholarship. The paper assesses the conceptual and methodological treatments in this field, uses literature evidence to identify research gaps, and suggests potential topics for future research. Our research firstly contributes to the use of STS approaches in the novel field of climate change mitigation infrastructure, asking how scholarship in the field has learned from STS and developed STS further. Second, we examine how infrastructures are approached in this literature and conclude that the reviewed works almost exclusively associate infrastructure with physical supply systems. This is paradoxical since several of them also advocate a socio‐technical perspective on infrastructures, which would require much more substantiation of the social aspects than they seem to provide. Third, we explore the fits between theoretical frameworks and methods in this field and discover a strong reliance on case studies, literature reviews, and theoretical‐conceptual discussions. This situation suggests that methodological advancements in STS infrastructure studies has still been untapped in this area.This article is categorized under:
The Carbon Economy and Climate Mitigation > Decarbonizing Energy and/or Reducing Demand
A review of nature‐based infrastructures and their effectiveness for urban flood risk mitigation
Authors: Esraz‐Ul‐Zannat Md. , Dedekorkut‐Howes Aysin , Morgan Edward Alexander 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAnthropogenic climate change and rapid urbanization are contributing to more frequent and intense urban flooding. There is widespread agreement that traditional gray infrastructure, a single‐purpose solution, fails to address the problem properly and contributes to adverse direct and indirect environmental impacts. As such, Nature‐based Solutions (NbS) can provide improved outcomes to flood risk management along with co‐benefits to society and the economy, as they have numerous benefits incuding often a smaller carbon footprint or even sometimes sequestering carbon. However, there is ambiguity and misconception about NbS and the uptake of NbS for flood management, which is still inadequate compared to traditional gray infrastructure. This research seeks to explore various nature‐based infrastructures including their present status of application for flood risk management to build resilience to urban flooding through a systematic literature review. The robustness of some NbS is questionable and varies across different spatial scales from plot to watershed. NbS can work stand‐alone in many cases as well as supplement traditional gray infrastructure to achieve wider benefits. The review provides a comparison of nature‐based solutions with gray infrastructure, identifies flood mitigation infrastructures that include nature‐based elements, and provides an overview of their effectiveness across different scales. The research findings should contribute to a better understanding of appropriate and diverse options of NbS, gray, and hybrid designs by policymakers and decision‐makers to enable them in effectively designing and implementing urban flood risk mitigation measures.This article is categorized under:
Climate and Development > Urbanization, Development, and Climate Change
Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Learning from Cases and Analogies
Conservation and mitigation approaches for human–gray wolf (Canis lupus) conflicts in Shigar Valley, Northern Pakistan
Authors: Zaman Muhammad , Riegert Jan , Chen Yi , Yu Yang , Guo Cheng , Fan Longcheng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHuman‐gray wolf conflict over livestock depredation and absence of mitigation measures is a key threat leading to the decline of wolf populations in Pakistan, where gray wolves are endangered. In this study, we collected data from January 2019 to September 2021, and human–wolf conflict and mitigation measures were investigated by interviews with 200 shepherds that were randomly selected from 43 different human settlements. We used binary logistic GLM models to predict landscape features related to gray wolf conflict patterns. Over the 3 years of the study, the gray wolf was responsible for 963 livestock losses and 244.50 million rupees (1,381,388.14 USD) in economic loss in summer, and 798 livestock losses along with 169.31 million rupees (956,608.1356 USD) economic loss in winter for the same 200 shepherds in Shigar valley. Our questionnaires revealed that shepherds hold negative attitudes toward the species when there is inadequate compensation by the several government department.
Analyzing groundwater storage anomalies in data‐scarce areas of Ethiopia's Rift Valley Basin using artificial neural network
Authors: Nannawo Abera Shigute , Lohani Tarun Kumar , Eshete Abunu Atlabachew 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGroundwater storage anomalies (GWSA) study requires the use of hydro‐climatic models coupled with Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment climate (GRACE) and GRACE Follow‐On (GRACE‐FO) Terrestrial Water Storage experiments. Understanding groundwater storage anomalies in the research area is difficult due to the restricted hydro‐meteorological data availability, especially, groundwater levels, changes in groundwater storage, and budgetary and technical constraints. No such investigation of GWS anomalies prior to this study in this Basin was conducted. The research focuses on GWSA investigations in the basin employing Global Land Data Assimilation Systems and Artificial Neural Networks‐Back Propagation Algorithm techniques are required. The ultimate objective of this study was to reduce the GRACE GWS from 1° to 0.25° and close the discontinuity between GRACE/GRACE‐FO observations. The results illustrated that GRACE/GRACE‐FO GWS throughout the basin were overall declining. The GWS anomaly significantly decreased between 2011 and 2013, with the highest monthly depletion in March 2011 (−158 mm). In contrast, from mid‐June to mid‐October, the maximum positive value varied from 20.80 mm in the southernmost basin to 39.49 mm in the central‐southeastern basin. The basin's eastern, central‐southeastern, northern, and southern areas displayed positive monthly GWS trends. The entire dry season has been influenced by negative anomalies. Hence, the identification of GWS variations and a comprehensive understanding of their effects provided valuable scientific insights. Identifying and analyzing anomalies in groundwater storage (GWS) can provide valuable information. This data can be efficiently used to develop appropriate regulatory frameworks, which may contribute to the long‐term viability of the availability of groundwater.
Detecting Inequalities from Earth Observation–Derived Global Societal Variables
Authors: Ehrlich Daniele , Pesaresi Martino , Kemper Thomas , Schiavina Marcello , Freire Sergio , Melchiorri Michele 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSocietal inequalities manifest at a range of scales, from coarse (inter-continent) to fine (intra-city). Satellite-measured night-time lights (NTL) have shown value for capturing and estimating socioeconomic characteristics, including economic activity, well-being, and poverty. However, multi-scale mapping and visualization of inequalities, especially their relative gradations and spatial patterns, have remained a challenge. To narrow this gap, we developed an approach that combines globally available built-up surface, population density, and night-time light intensity data. The integration of these earth observation-derived variables through a spatial visualization frame reveals patterns of societal inequalities at different scales. Our findings suggest that: (1) Outlining and mapping settlements using night-time lights alone underrepresent settlements of low-income countries, as both rural and suburbia of larger cities of the Global South are scarcely lit at night. (2) Combining population and built-up density that spatially locate people on the surface of the Earth with NTL provides insights on deprivation related to the lack of electricity and the services that come with it. (3) Night-time lights and inequality maps are the results of many factors that need to be addressed at different scales. A body of scientific literature that we review has just started to describe the variety of night-time light sources and the spatial variation within and across countries. New, fine-resolution NTL, population, and built-up density that are now becoming available may provide additional insights.
Interpretable deep learning models for the inference and classification of LHC data
Authors: Ngairangbam Vishal S. , Spannowsky Michael 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The Shower Deconstruction methodology is pivotal in distinguishing signal and background jets, leveraging the detailed information from perturbative parton showers. Rooted in the Neyman-Pearson lemma, this method is theoretically designed to differentiate between signal and background processes optimally in high-energy physics experiments. A key challenge, however, arises from the combinatorial growth associated with increasing jet constituents, which hampers its computational feasibility. We address this by demonstrating that the likelihood derived from comparing the most probable signal and background shower histories is equally effective for discrimination as the conventional approach of summing over all potential histories in top quark versus Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) scenarios. We propose a novel approach by conceptualising the identification of the most probable shower history as a Markov Decision Process (MDP). Utilising a sophisticated modular point-transformer architecture, our method efficiently learns the optimal policy for this task. The developed neural agent excels in constructing the most likely shower history and demonstrates robust generalisation capabilities on unencountered test data. Remarkably, our approach mitigates the complexity inherent in the inference process, achieving a linear scaling relationship with the number of jet constituents. This offers a computationally viable and theoretically sound method for signal-background differentiation, paving the way for more effective data analysis in particle physics.
Coherent γ*-nucleus scattering and coherent nuclear states
Authors: Mueller A. H. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In the context of a McLerran-Venugopalan (MV) model for a large nucleus, coherent scattering of a virtual photon on that nucleus is evaluated in the A− = 0 gauge, the gauge appropriate for the target nucleus. The evaluation of the scattering in A− = 0 gauge is very intricate compared to the usual A+ = 0 gauge evaluation natural for the scattering process, but has the advantage of directly giving the scattering in terms of a partonic description of the nucleus. In the limit where a tagged forward jet puts the dipole-nucleus scattering in the saturation regime the coherent reactions are equal to the inelastic reactions. In terms of the nuclear wave function the coherent reactions come from color singlet and zero total transverse momentum quark-antiquark pairs in the wave function and in the saturation regime the nuclear wave function is a coherent state for these pairs. In the saturation region half of all quarks (or antiquarks) come from zero momentum and color charge pairs.
Correlation functions of scalar field theories from homotopy algebras
Authors: Okawa Yuji 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We present expressions for correlation functions of scalar field theories in perturbation theory using quantum A∞ algebras. Our expressions are highly explicit and can be used for theories both in Euclidean space and in Minkowski space including quantum mechanics. Correlation functions at a given order of perturbation theory can be calculated algebraically without using canonical quantization or the path integral, and we demonstrate it explicitly for φ3 theory. We show that the Schwinger-Dyson equations are satisfied as an immediate consequence of the form of the expressions based on quantum A∞ algebras.
Neutrino masses from new Weinberg-like operators: phenomenology of TeV scalar multiplets
Authors: Giarnetti Alessio , Herrero-García Juan , Marciano Simone , Meloni Davide , Vatsyayan Drona 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The unique dimension-5 effective operator, LLHH, known as the Weinberg operator, generates tiny Majorana masses for neutrinos after electroweak spontaneous symmetry breaking. If there are new scalar multiplets that take vacuum expectation values (VEVs), they should not be far from the electroweak scale. Consequently, they may generate new dimension-5 Weinberg-like operators which in turn also contribute to Majorana neutrino masses. In this study, we consider scenarios with one or two new scalars up to quintuplet SU(2) representations. We analyse the scalar potentials, studying whether the new VEVs can be induced and therefore are naturally suppressed, as well as the potential existence of pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone bosons. Additionally, we also obtain general limits on the new scalar multiplets from direct searches at colliders, loop corrections to electroweak precision tests and the W-boson mass.
Revisiting logarithmic correction to five dimensional BPS black hole entropy
Authors: Anupam A.H. , Chowdhury Chandramouli , Sen Ashoke 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We compute logarithmic correction to the entropy of BPS black holes in asymptotically flat five dimensional space-time using finite temperature black hole geometry and find perfect agreement with the microscopic results and macroscopic computations based on zero temperature near horizon geometry. We also reproduce the Bekenstein-Hawking term for zero temperature black hole entropy from the corresponding term for finite temperature black hole.
Structure-activity relationships and pharmacokinetic evaluation of L-cystine diamides as L-cystine crystallization inhibitors for cystinuria
Authors: Hu Longqin , Albanyan Haifa , Yang Jeffrey , Tan Xiangduan , Wang Yiling , Yang Min , Zhong Xiaodi , Ward Michael D. , Sahota Amrik 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCystinuria is a rare genetic disorder characterized by defective l-cystine reabsorption from the renal proximal tubule, resulting in abnormally high concentrations of L-cystine and subsequent l-cystine crystallization and stone formation in urine. l-Cystine diamides have shown great promise as inhibitors of l-cystine crystallization. The free α-amino groups in l-cystine diamides have previously been shown to be necessary for l-cystine crystallization inhibitory activity. In this study, three additional series of l-cystine diamide analogs were designed to explore further the structure-activity relationships for l-cystine crystallization inhibition. It has been demonstrated that the middle disulfide bond is required for optimal l-cystine crystallization inhibitory activity, and the only regions that can be modified are the two terminal amides. The presence of another basic amine 2–3 atoms away from the amide nitrogen is also critical for optimal activity. Disulfide exchange was found to be the main metabolic pathway resulting in the formation of two molecules of the active mixed disulfide metabolite from a single l-cystine diamide. l-Cystine diamides have the potential to be developed into a much-needed therapy for cystinuria.
Efficacy and safety of surufatinib plus toripalimab, a chemotherapy-free regimen, in patients with advanced gastric/gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, or biliary tract cancer
Authors: Zhang Panpan , Chen Zhendong , Shi Si , Li Zhiping , Ye Feng , Song Lijie , Zhang Yanqiao , Yin Fei , Zhang Xing , Xu Jianming , Cheng Ying , Su Weiguo , Shi Michael , Fan Songhua , Tan Panfeng , Zhong Chen , Lu Ming , Shen Lin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
The programmed death 1 inhibitor toripalimab plus the angio-immuno kinase inhibitor surufatinib showed a tolerable safety profile and preliminary efficacy in patients with advanced solid tumors in a phase I study.

Methods
This open-label, multi-cohort study in China enrolled patients with advanced solid tumors who had failed or were intolerable to standard treatment into tumor-specific cohorts. Patients received surufatinib (250 mg orally, once daily) plus toripalimab (240 mg intravenously, once every three weeks). Results for three cohorts (gastric/gastroesophageal junction [GC/GEJ] adenocarcinoma, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma [ESCC], and biliary tract carcinoma [BTC]) are reported here. The primary endpoint was investigator-assessed objective response rate (ORR) per Response Evaluation criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1.

Results
Between December 17, 2019, and January 29, 2021, 60 patients were enrolled (GC/GEJ, n = 20; ESCC, n = 20; BTC, n = 20). At data cutoff (February 28, 2023), ORRs were 31.6%, 30.0%, and 11.1%, respectively. Median progression-free survival was 4.1, 2.7, and 2.9 months, respectively. Median overall survival was 13.7, 10.4, and 7.0 months, respectively. Overall, grade ≥  3 treatment-related adverse events occurred in 28 (46.7%) patients.

Conclusions
Surufatinib plus toripalimab showed promising antitumor activity and a tolerable safety profile in immunotherapy-naïve patients with GC/GEJ adenocarcinoma, ESCC, or BTC. These findings warrant further study in larger randomized trials comparing surufatinib plus toripalimab with standard therapies in these tumors.
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04169672.
Long-term survival after anti-PD-1 discontinuation in advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC): a proof of concept of benefit of concomitant cemiplimab and radiotherapy
Authors: Bailly-Caillé Barbara , Levard Romain , Kottler Diane , Dompmartin Anne , L’Orphelin Jean-Matthieu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
In a princeps study we conducted in patients with advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma treated with concomitant anti-Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and radiotherapy, we demonstrated a clinico radiological response to cemiplimab that appeared to persist over time, 1 year after treatment discontinuation.

Method
We conducted a single-center descriptive study at Caen Hospital from September 1, 2021 to September 2023, in 14 patients with advanced carcinoma treated with cemiplimab until September 1, 2021. The aim of this update is to examine clinical and radiological follow-up 2 years after discontinuation of cemiplimab.

Results
Of the 12 patients with a partial or complete response, we report 8 (66.7%) persistent responses 2 years after stopping cemiplimab, with only 2 patients progressing to distant disease, one lost to follow-up, and one death a priori unrelated to the disease.

Conclusion
Our study confirms a long-term and persistent effect despite discontinuation of cemiplimab at least up to 2 years later.
Different Dilutions of Mesobotox in Facial Rejuvenation: Which is Better?
Authors: Salem Samar Abdallah , Seoudy Wael Mohamed , Abd El-Rahman Nesma Saber , Afify Ahmed Abdelfattah 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Microbotulinum toxin A treatment is a technique of delivering multiple intradermal injections of diluted botulinum toxin type A into the dermis or the interface between the dermis and the superficial layer of the facial muscles to preserve the facial mobility. The current study aimed to evaluate and compare the clinical effect of different dilutions of microbotulinum toxin A in periorbital and mid-facial rejuvenation.

Methods
This randomized prospective interventional study included 30 female patients with different types of wrinkles in periorbital and/or mid-face. Patients were divided into three groups: group I (10 patients): 100U botulinum toxin in 5 ml saline, group II (10 patients): 100U botulinum toxin in 7 ml saline and group III (10 patients): 100U botulinum toxin in 10 ml saline.

Results
A statistically significant better global esthetic improvement scale (GAIS) scores after 1 month were observed in group I compared to groups II and III. Also, after 6 months better GAIS scores were observed in group I compared to group II and in group II compared to group III. Assessment of different esthetic parameters measured by the Antera 3D camera revealed a statistically significant improvement in all parameters (periorbital and mid-face) in group I and in most of parameters (periorbital and mid-face) in groups II and III with more evident improvement after 1 month compared to after 6 months.

Conclusion
Intradermal microbotulinum toxin A is a cost-effective method for improving periorbital and mid-face wrinkles with a better effect of 1:5 than 1:7 and 1:10 dilutions.

Facial wrinkles possess a great burden on patients' psychological status, and the emergence of novel rejuvenation technique with minimal side effects is necessary.

MicroBoNT-A usage in the literature was through variety of dilutions and concentrations. Therefore, a conclusive and comparative study was essential to compare the effect of different microBoNT-A dilutions.

In this context, the current study aimed to evaluate and compare the clinical effect of different dilutions of microBoNT-A in periorbital and mid-facial rejuvenation.

Level of Evidence III
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
The Impact of Epidural Analgesia on Immobility and extended Hospital Stay After Periacetabular Osteotomy
Authors: Ahmad Sufian S. , Becker Nils , Grap Laura-Vanessa , Windhagen Henning , Haertlé Marco 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Aims
Early mobilisation after periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) represents an important goal after surgery. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the use of epidural aznalgesia (EA) is associated with prolonged immobility and an increased length of stay (LOS) after PAO surgery.

Methods
From January 2022 to July 2023, the study included a cohort of 150 PAO procedures all performed by the same surgeon (SSA). Patients were categorized into two distinct groups: those who received epidural analgesia (EA) (79 PAOs) and those who did not receive EA (71 PAOs). "Ready for discharge" was defined as the ability to ascend and descend a standardized flight of stairs independently. Multivariable linear regression was used to identify additional factors influencing LOS after PAO.

Results
Patients in the EA group were ready for discharge 5.95 ± 2.09 days after surgery which was significantly longer than in the No EA group´s average of 4.18 days ± 2.5, (p < 0.001). While the reduction in the number of patients experiencing pulmonary embolism in the No EA group did not reach statistical significance, it still demonstrated a relevant decrease from two patients within the EA group (2.53%) to 0 (0%) in the No EA group. The active engagement of the surgeon in mobilising patients led to a substantial reduction in LOS, decreasing it from 5.81 ± 2.18 days to 2.2 ± 0.77 days (p < 0.001). Multivariable analysis revealed five independent factors influencing the LOS following PAO which included absence of EA, surgeon-led mobilisation within 24 h after surgery, postoperative hemoglobin levels, BMI, and prior experience with PAO surgery on the contralateral side.

Conclusions
Opting against the use of EA in patients undergoing PAO is advisable, as it will result in extended postoperative immobility and the associated risks. Additionally, the active participation of the surgeon in the mobilisation process is strongly recommended.