bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
External validation of QDSCORE® for predicting the 10‐year risk of developing Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Collins G. S. , Altman D. G. 
Published: January 2011

Diabet. Med. 28, 599–607 (2011)AbstractBackground  A small number of risk scores for the risk of developing diabetes have been produced but none has yet been widely used in clinical practice in the UK. The aim of this study is to independently evaluate the performance of QDSCORE® for predicting the 10‐year risk of developing diagnosed Type 2 diabetes in a large independent UK cohort of patients from general practice.Methods  A prospective cohort study of 2.4 million patients (13.6 million person years) aged between 25 and 79 years from 364 practices from the UK contributing to The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database between 1 January 1993 and 20 June 2008.Results  QDSCORE® showed good performance data when evaluated on a large external data set. The score is well calibrated with reasonable agreement between observed and predicted outcomes. There is a slight underestimation of risk in both men and women aged 60 years and above, although the magnitude of underestimation is small. The ability of the score to differentiate between those who develop diabetes and those who do not is good, with values for the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve exceeding 0.8 for both men and women. Performance data in this external validation are consistent with those reported in the development and internal validation of the risk score.Conclusions  QDSCORE® has shown to be a useful tool to predict the 10‐year risk of developing Type 2 diabetes in the UK.
Do Financial Systems Converge?
Authors: Antzoulatos Angelos A. , Panopoulou Ekaterini , Tsoumas Chris 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe apply the new panel convergence methodology developed by Phillips and Sul (2007a) on 13 financial development indices from the World Bank's Financial Development and Structure database, to test for financial system convergence across a large set of industrial and developing countries. Our results indicate that there is no convergence for either the financial systems as a whole or their main segments. Far from decreasing, the differences in the financial systems of the sample countries seemingly persist or even increase over time. These differences are more pronounced for the stock market segment and private credit by banks, and less so for the bond market segment and bank deposits. Moreover, the convergent clubs for most indices transcend the distinction industrial vs developing countries, as well as the distinction bank‐based vs capital‐market‐based financial systems.
Global Integration of Central and Eastern European Financial Markets—The Role of Economic Sentiments
Authors: Beckmann Joscha , Belke Ansgar , Kühl Michael 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis paper examines the importance of different economic sentiments for the Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs) during the transition process. We first analyze the importance of economic confidence with respect to the CEECs' financial markets. Since the integration of formerly strongly‐regulated markets into global markets can also lead to an increase in the dependence of the CEECs' economies on global sentiments, we also investigate the relationship between global economic sentiments, domestic income, and share prices. Applying a restricted cointegrating VAR (CVAR) framework, which allows us to distinguish between the long‐run and the short‐run dynamics, our results for the short run suggest that economic sentiments are influenced by share prices but also offer some predictive power with respect to the latter. What is more, European sentiments play an important role in particular for the CEECs' income and sentiments.
Reviews
Authors: Blom‐Cooper L. J. , Hammelmann H. A. , Hammelmann H. A. , Bate S. H. , Borrie Gordon , Giles O. C. , Green L. C. , Mann F. A. , Jackson Paul , Lazar Leonard , de Smith S. A. , Harvey C. P. 
Published: January 2011

The Letters of Frederic William Maitland. Edited by C. H. S. Fifoot.Chitty & Jacob's Queen's Bench Forms. Nineteenth edition. By I. H. Jacob, LL.B.Studies in Criminal Law. By Norval Morris and Colin Howard.Ventures in Criminology. Selected Recent Papers. By Sheldon and Eleanor Glueck.Hendrick the Axe Collector. A Study in juvenile criminal guilt. By Denis Hart.Forgery Detection–A Practical Guide. By Wilson R. Harrison, M.SC., PH.D.The Law of Carriage by Inland Transport. Fourth Edition. By Otto Kahn‐Freund, M.A., LL.M., DR.JUR., with the assistance of John Hucker, LL.B.Chalmers on Bills of Exchange. Thirteenth edition. By David A. L. Smout.Carver's Carriage by Sea. Eleventh edition. By Raoul P. Colinvaux.Scrutton on Charter Parties and Bills of Lading. Seventeenth edition. By Sir W. L. McNair, Sir A. Mocatta and M. J. Mustill.Developments in the Law of the Sea, 1958–1964. The British Institute of International and Comparative Law: International Law Series No. 3.Linje‐Konferanser og Kartell‐Lovgivning. (With summary in English.) By Arvid Frihagen.The Sources of the Law of International Trade, with Special Reference to East‐West Trade. Edited by Clive M. Schmitthoff.The Changing Structure of International Law. By Wolfgang Friedmann.Protection of Human Rights under the Law. By Gaius Ezejiofor.Conflict of Interests. International Law in a Divided World. By Rosalyn Higgins.The Law of Delict. Sixth edition. By R. G. McKerron. [Cape Town: Juta & Co. Ltd. Stocked and distributed in the United KingdomAn Outline of the Constitutional Development of Malta under British Rule. By Professor the hon. J. J. Cremona, LL. D., B. A. (Malta), B. A. (Lond), PH. D. (Lond.), D. Litt.(Rome), F. R. Hist. S., Attorney‐General and Member of the Consultative Council, Malta.
Factors related to pain during routine photodynamic therapy: a descriptive study of 301 patients
Authors: Miller I.M. , Nielsen J.S. , Lophaven S. , Jemec G.B.E. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackground  Pain may be a limiting factor in the use of photodynamic therapy (PDT). The consequences of the pain i.e. the resources spent on pain‐intervention during routine PDT therapy are poorly described.Objectives  To describe the consequences of pain during PDT by describing the use of pain‐reducing interventions in routine use. We studied the frequency as well as level of pain‐reducing intervention.Methods  Descriptive data from PDT treated patients. The level of pain‐reducing intervention was graded 0, no intervention; +, cold water spray and ++, pause or nerve block.Results  Data from 983 PDT treatments on 579 lesions distributed on 301 patients: 56% did not require pain‐reducing intervention, 35% required spraying of cold water, while 9% required pause or nerve block. Ordinate logistic regression revealed an association between lesion size and pain‐reducing intervention: the larger the lesion, the more frequent the intervention. Lesion size did not, however, appear associated with the level of intervention. Intervention was most frequently required when treating the scalp/forehead and the extremities. The scalp/forehead also required the highest level of intervention. No significant association between pain‐reducing intervention and diagnosis, pre‐treatment, gender or age was found.Conclusions  Pain‐reducing intervention was required in 44% of the PDT treatments. Intervention was particularly required when treating lesions in areas suited for PDT therapy for cosmetic reasons such as the scalp/forehead or extremities. Treatment of large areas more frequently calls for pain intervention than treatment of small areas.
Surgical Technique, Postoperative Complications and Outcome in 14 Dogs Treated for Hydrocephalus by Ventriculoperitoneal Shunting
Authors: de Stefani Alberta , de Risio Luisa , Platt Simon R. , Matiasek Lara , Lujan‐Feliu‐Pascual Alejandro , Garosi Laurent S. 
Published: January 2011

Objective:To report frequency and type of complications, and outcome in dogs with severe neurologic signs secondary to internal, suspected obstructive hydrocephalus treated by ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunting.Study Design:Case series.Animals:Dogs (n=14).Methods:Medical records (2001–2006) was reviewed for dogs that had VP shunting. Inclusion criteria were complete medical record, progressive forebrain signs unresponsive to medical treatment, normal metabolic profile, negative antibody titers and/or cerebrospinal PCR forToxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, andcanine distemper virus, magnetic resonance images of the brain, confirmed diagnosis of VP shunting, and follow‐up information.Results:Hydrocephalus was idiopathic in 5 dogs and acquired (interventricular tumors, intraventricular hemorrhage, inflammatory disease) in 9 dogs. Four dogs developed complications 1 week to 18 months postoperatively, including ventricular catheter migration, infection, shunt under‐drainage, kinking of the peritoneal catheter, valve fracture, and abdominal skin necrosis. Three of these dogs had 1 or more successful revision surgeries and 1 dog was successfully treated with antibiotics. All, but 1 dog, were discharged within 1 week of surgery, and had substantial neurologic improvement. Median survival time for all dogs was 320 days (1–2340 days), for dogs with idiopathic hydrocephalus, 274 (60–420) days and for dogs with secondary hydrocephalus, 365 (1–2340) days.Conclusions:VP shunting was successful in relieving neurologic signs in most dogs and postoperative complications occurred in 29%, but were resolved medically or surgically.
Arthrodesis of the Equine Proximal Interphalangeal Joint: A Biomechanical Comparison of 3‐Hole 4.5 mm Locking Compression Plate and 3‐Hole 4.5 mm Narrow Dynamic Compression Plate, with Two Transarticular 5.5 mm Cortex Screws
Authors: Zoppa André L. V. , Santoni Brandon , Puttlitz Christian M. , Cochran Kayla , Hendrickson Dean A. 
Published: January 2011

Objectives: To compare the biomechanical characteristics of 2 arthrodesis techniques for the equine proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP) using either a 3‐hole 4.5 mm locking compression plate (LCP) or 3‐hole 4.5 mm narrow dynamic compression plate (DCP), both with 2 transarticular 5.5 mm cortex screws.Study Design: Experimental.Sample Population: Cadaveric adult equine forelimbs (*n=6 pairs).Methods: For each forelimb pair, 1 limb was randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatment groups and the contralateral limb by default to the other treatment group. Construct stiffness, gap formation across the PIP joint, and rotation about the PIP joint were determined for each construct before cyclic axial loading and after each of four, 5000 cycle loading regimens. After the 20,000 cycle axial loading regimen, each construct was loaded to failure.Results: There were no significant differences in construct stiffness, gap formation, or sagittal plane rotation between the LCP and DCP treatment groups at any of the measured time points.Conclusion: Biomechanically, fixation of the equine PIP joint with a 3‐hole 4.5 mm LCP is equivalent to fixation with a 3‐hole 4.5 mm narrow DCP under the test conditions used.
Location of posterior superior alveolar artery and evaluation of maxillary sinus anatomy with computerized tomography: a clinical study
Authors: Güncü Güliz N. , Yildirim Yagmur D. , Wang Hom‐Lay , Tözüm Tolga F. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectives: Knowledge and evaluation of the maxillary sinus anatomy before sinus augmentation are essential for avoiding surgical complications. Posterior superior alveolar artery (PSAA) is the branch of maxillary artery that supplies lateral sinus wall and overlying membrane. The aims of this study were to examine the prevalence, diameter, and location of the PSAA and its relationship to the alveolar ridge and to study the prevalence of the sinus pathology and septum using computerized tomography (CT) scans.Materials and methods: One hundred and twenty‐one CT scans (242 sinuses) from patients undergoing sinus augmentation procedure and/or implant therapy were included. Lower border of the artery to the alveolar crest, bone height below the sinus floor to the ridge crest, distance of the artery to the medial sinus wall, diameter of the artery, and position of the artery were measured; presence of septa and pathology were recorded from CT sections.Results: Prevalence of sinus septa and sinus pathology was 16.1% and 24.8%, respectively. Artery was seen in 64.5% of all sinuses and was mostly intraosseous (68.2%). Mean diameter of PSAA was found 1.3 ± 0.5 mm. No significant correlation between the diameter of the artery and age was observed.Conclusions: The results from this study suggested that CT scan is a valuable tool in evaluating presence of sinus pathology, septa, and arteries before maxillary sinus surgery. Although variations exist in every patient, the findings from this study suggest limiting the superior border of the lateral window up to 18 mm from the ridge to avoid any potential vascular damage.To cite this article:
Güncü GN, Yildirim YD, Wang H‐L, Tözüm TF. Location of posterior superior alveolar artery and evaluation of maxillary sinus anatomy with computerized tomography: a clinical study. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 22, 2011; 1164–1167. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2010.02071.x
Intradermal tacrolimus prevent scar hypertrophy in a rabbit ear model: a clinical, histological and spectroscopical analysis
Authors: Gisquet Heloise , Liu Honghui , Blondel W. C. P. M. , Leroux Agnes , Latarche Clothilde , Merlin J. L. , Chassagne J. F. , Peiffert Didier , Guillemin François 
Published: January 2011

Background: Keloids and hypertrophic scars (HSc) affect 4.5–16% of the population. Thus far, the different approaches of keloid treatment are not very efficient, with a 50% relapse rate and many ongoing researches are looking for simple, safe and more efficient therapeutic methods. Tacrolimus is an immunomodulator that could be useful in treating keloid.Objectives: The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of Tacrolimus in inhibiting HSc formation on rabbits' ears model and to check optical skin spectroscopy in tissue characterization.Methods: Our study was carried out on 20 New‐Zealand female white rabbits. HSc were obtained by wounding rabbits' ear. These wounds were treated with intradermal injections of tacrolimus (0.2–0.5 mg/cm2) or a vehicule. The assessment of treatment efficacy was performed by clinical examinations, histological assay and skin spectrometry.Results: Tacrolimus did not induce general or local side‐effects. The scar elevation index in treated subjects was half less than that of the untreated ones. Furthermore, dermal thickness and inflammatory cellular density were both significantly smaller for treated scars than for the control ones. In vivo optical skin spectroscopy can characterize hypertrophic and normal skin with high sensibility and specificity.Conclusion: Intradermal injection of tacrolimus at 0.5 mg/cm2 is an efficient way to prevent HSc in our experiment model and its tolerance is correct. Optical spectroscopy could be a good non‐invasive tool to evaluate HSc treatment. These promising results might be proposed for patients suffering from keloid.
Predictive value of body mass index and waist circumference for metabolic syndrome in 6–12‐year‐olds
Authors: Barzin Maryam , Hosseinpanah Farhad , Fekri Sahba , Azizi Fereidoun 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAim:  To determine the predictive value of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) and their optimal cut‐off points for metabolic syndrome (MetS), and also the incidence of MetS.Methods:  This study included 888 children, aged 6–12 years, who were followed for a mean of 6.6 years. BMI, WC and their optimal cut‐off points to predict MetS were investigated.Results:  The cumulative incidence of MetS was 10.7%. The adjusted ORs for age, sex and family history to predict MetS for BMI and WC z‐scores were 2.6 (95% CI, 2.0–3.5) and 2.6 (95% CI, 1.9–3.5), respectively. In their correspondent models, area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.73 (95% CI, 0.68–0.79) for BMI z‐scores and 0.72 (95% CI, 0.67–0.78) for WC z‐scores with no statistically significant difference. The optimal cut‐off values for BMI were 16.5 kg/m2 for boys and 16.3 kg/m2 for girls and those for WC were 57.5 cm for boys and 56.5 cm for girls.Conclusions:  Our findings suggest that both BMI and WC have the same power to predict MetS and also children with higher BMI or WC are more susceptible to MetS. Moreover, a high incidence of MetS in children highlights the importance of interventional strategies during early childhood.
Children, adolescents and their carers’ expectations of child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS)
Authors: Ronzoni Pablo , Dogra Nisha 
Published: January 2011

Background: The use of service users’ views as performance indicators highlights the trend to make services more responsive to patients’ needs. However, recent research indicates that there is a lack of clear understanding about specialist CAMHS and the outcomes that children, adolescents and their parents hope to achieve from treatment differ. Aims: To explore children/young people’s and parents/carers’ expectations of CAMHS in Leicestershire, England. Methods: Sixty children/young people and their parents/carers were asked to identify goals they want to achieve following contact with CAMHS. Qualitative thematic analysis in relation to Hoagwood’s SFCES model (Symptoms, Functional, Consumer perspectives, Environment and Systems) was used. Results: The question was answered by 46.7% of children and young people and 60% of carers. Overall, children, young people and parents/carers agreed that symptomatic modification and functional aspects were the most important goals. However, internalising items seemed more important for parents/carers than children and adolescents, who in contrast hoped for improvement in externalising factors. Goals outside the scope of CAMHS were also noted for both groups. Conclusion: Attention to children/young people and their parents/carers’ expectations of services is needed to improve therapeutic relationships and engagement. Improvement in mental health literacy and practitioners’ guidance is required to allow service users to set realistic and achievable treatment goals.
Increasing Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Throughput by Mass Tagging: A Sample-Multiplexed High-Throughput Assay for 25-Hydroxyvitamin D2 and D3
Authors: Netzel Brian C , Cradic Kendall W , Bro Eric T , Girtman Adam B , Cyr Richard C , Singh Ravinder J , Grebe Stefan KG 
Published: January 2011

BACKGROUND
The limits of chromatographic speed and mechanical frontend capabilities have been reached for many high-volume liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) tests, curtailing the maximal achievable sample throughput. To overcome these boundaries, we developed and validated a derivatization-based sample-multiplex LC-MS/MS assay for detection of 25-hydroxyvitamins D2 and D3 [25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3], which increased sample throughput 5-fold.

METHODS
After separate derivatization with 1 of 5 different triazoline-diones (TADs), 5 calibrators, controls, or patient specimens were combined and injected together into an LC-MS/MS. On the basis of mass differences between TADs, the MS/MS quantified analyte and stable isotope internal standards for 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 for each respective multiplexed sample within the injection. Limits of detection and quantification, spiked recovery, linearity, imprecision, and patient results were determined and compared against our standard LC-MS/MS assay.

RESULTS
TAD multiplexing increased throughput on an LC-quadruplexed LC-MS/MS system from 60 samples/h to 300 samples/h. Limits of detection and quantification were 4.9 nmol/L [2 μg/L, 25(OH)D2], 2.2 nmol/L [0.9 μg/L, 25(OH)D3], and 10 nmol/L [4 μg/L, 25(OH)D2], 5 nmol/L [2 μg/L, 25(OH)D3], respectively. The assay was linear to 250 nmol/L (100 μg/L). Interassay CVs across the reportable range were 3.7%–15.2%. Spiked recoveries were 94%–119%. The method comparison with the standard LC-MS/MS method showed slopes of 0.96 and 0.97 (Deming regression) for 25(OH)D2 (n = 1733) and 25(OH)D3 (n = 7614) (R2=0.96 and 0.97), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
Multiplexing samples by differential mass tagging in LC-MS/MS measurement of 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 allows for reliable quantification, with throughput increased over standard methods by the multiplexing factor.
Toeplitz matrices, ergodicity and Fréchet spaces
Authors: Ramanujan M. S. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Yosida´s version of the mean ergodic theorem is extended to positive Toeplitz matrices and locally convex spaces. This is used to provide extensions of the results of Albanese, Bonet and Ricker on the structure of Fréchet spaces and also Köthe echelon spaces.
Selenium status, thyroid volume, and multiple nodule formation in an area with mild iodine deficiency
Authors: Rasmussen Lone Banke , Schomburg Lutz , Köhrle Josef , Pedersen Inge Bülow , Hollenbach Birgit , Hög Antonia , Ovesen Lars , Perrild Hans , Laurberg Peter 
Published: January 2011

ObjectiveThe objective was to study the associations between serum selenium concentration and thyroid volume, as well as the association between serum selenium concentration and risk for an enlarged thyroid gland in an area with mild iodine deficiency before and after iodine fortification was introduced. Another objective was to examine the association between serum selenium concentration and prevalence of thyroid nodules.DesignCross-sectional study.MethodsWe studied participants of two similar cross-sectional studies carried out before (1997–1998, n=405) and after (2004–2005, n=400) introduction of iodine fortification. Serum selenium concentration and urinary iodine were measured, and the thyroid gland was examined by ultrasonography in the same subjects. Associations between serum selenium concentration and thyroid parameters were examined in multiple linear regression models or logistic regression models.ResultsSerum selenium concentration was found to be significantly, negatively associated with thyroid volume (P=0.006), and a low selenium status significantly increased the risk for thyroid enlargement (P=0.007). Furthermore, low serum selenium status had a tendency to increase the risk for development of multiple nodules (P=0.087).ConclusionsLow serum selenium concentration was associated with a larger thyroid volume and a higher prevalence of thyroid enlargement.
The inscriptions upon liturgical rolls in Byzantine apse decoration
Authors: Babić Gordana , Walter Christopher 
Published: January 2011

REB 34 1976 France p. 269-280
Gordana Babić and Ch. Walter, The inscriptions upon liturgical rolls in Byzantine apse decoration. — The authors present a list of the Incipits of all the liturgical texts which they have noted, inscribed upon the rolls held by bishops painted in Byzantine apses. They add a list of forty-two churches, indicating, for the most part after personal observation, the names of the bishops represented and which text is inscribed on their rolls. They distinguish two principles governing the choice of texts : either a synthetic presentation of the liturgy or the dogma of the real presence of Christ in the consecrated species.
Un incendie à Constantinople en 1305
Authors: Failler Albert 
Published: January 2011

REB 36 1978 France p. 153-170
A. Failler, Un incendie à Constantinople en 1305. — L'auteur édite et commente les trois versions conservées du livre XIII, chapitre 10, de l'Histoire de Georges Pachymère. L'édition de Bonn donne un texte qui n'est qu'un démarquage partiel de l'original. Par ailleurs ce chapitre fournit, dans sa version originale, des données chronologiques et toponymiques intéressantes, que le texte abrégé et l'édition correspondante avaient négligées.