bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective Inhibition of CYP17 With Abiraterone Acetate Is Highly Active in the Treatment of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Attard Gerhardt , Reid Alison H.M. , A'Hern Roger , Parker Christopher , Oommen Nikhil Babu , Folkerd Elizabeth , Messiou Christina , Molife L. Rhoda , Maier Gal , Thompson Emilda , Olmos David , Sinha Rajesh , Lee Gloria , Dowsett Mitch , Kaye Stan B. , Dearnaley David , Kheoh Thian , Molina Arturo , de Bono Johann S. 
Published: May 2009

PurposeIt has been postulated that castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) commonly remains hormone dependent. Abiraterone acetate is a potent, selective, and orally available inhibitor of CYP17, the key enzyme in androgen and estrogen biosynthesis.Patients and MethodsThis was a phase I/II study of abiraterone acetate in castrate, chemotherapy-naive CRPC patients (n = 54) with phase II expansion at 1,000 mg (n = 42) using a two-stage design to reject the null hypothesis if more than seven patients had a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) decline of ≥ 50% (null hypothesis = 0.1; alternative hypothesis = 0.3; α = .05; β = .14). Computed tomography scans every 12 weeks and circulating tumor cell (CTC) enumeration were performed. Prospective reversal of resistance at progression by adding dexamethasone 0.5 mg/d to suppress adrenocorticotropic hormone and upstream steroids was pursued.ResultsA decline in PSA of ≥ 50% was observed in 28 (67%) of 42 phase II patients, and declines of ≥ 90% were observed in eight (19%) of 42 patients. Independent radiologic evaluation reported partial responses (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors) in nine (37.5%) of 24 phase II patients with measurable disease. Decreases in CTC counts were also documented. The median time to PSA progression (TTPP) on abiraterone acetate alone for all phase II patients was 225 days (95% CI, 162 to 287 days). Exploratory analyses were performed on all 54 phase I/II patients; the addition of dexamethasone at disease progression reversed resistance in 33% of patients regardless of prior treatment with dexamethasone, and pretreatment serum androgen and estradiol levels were associated with a probability of ≥ 50% PSA decline and TTPP on abiraterone acetate and dexamethasone.ConclusionCYP17 blockade by abiraterone acetate results in declines in PSA and CTC counts and radiologic responses, confirming that CRPC commonly remains hormone driven.
Latent Epstein-Barr Virus Infection of Tumor Cells in Classical Hodgkin's Lymphoma Predicts Adverse Outcome in Older Adult Patients
Authors: Diepstra Arjan , van Imhoff Gustaaf W. , Schaapveld Michael , Karim-Kos Henrike , van den Berg Anke , Vellenga Edo , Poppema Sibrand 
Published: May 2009

Purpose In classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (cHL), the impact of tumor cell Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) status on clinical outcome is controversial. Patients and Methods We assessed failure-free survival (FFS) and relative survival (RS) in 412 patients with cHL and age-defined subgroups in a population-based study in the northern Netherlands. Tumor cell EBV status was positive in 34%, and the median follow-up time was 7.1 years. Patients' median age at diagnosis was 35 years (range, 7 to 91 years), and 63% had Ann Arbor stage I or II, 24% had stage III, and 12% had stage IV disease. Results EBV status influenced 5-year FFS and RS only in patients from the age group 50 to 74 years. Five-year FFS was 60% in patients with EBV-positive versus 85% in EBV-negative tumors (P = .01). Five-year RS was 69% in patients with EBV-positive versus 82% in EBV-negative tumors (P = .03). After adjusting for histology, HLA class II expression by tumor cells, stage, presence of extranodal localizations and treatment, and the effect of positive EBV tumor status remained significant in FFS multivariate analysis (hazard ratio, 3.11; 95% CI, 1.28 to 7.53; P = .01). Conclusion This study indicates that treatment failure in older adult patients with cHL is associated with positive tumor cell EBV status.
Determinants of Medical Care for Young Women with Turner Syndrome
Authors: Devernay Marie , Ecosse Emmanuel , Coste Joël , Carel Jean-Claude 
Published: May 2009

Context: Turner syndrome is associated with reduced life expectancy. Lifelong follow-up is strongly recommended, but follow-up during the transition between pediatric and adult care has been little evaluated.Objective: Our objective was to evaluate the medical follow-up of a population-based cohort of young adult patients.Design, Setting, and Patients: A questionnaire study was conducted with a national cohort of 568 women, aged 22.6 ± 2.6 yr (range, 18.3–31.2), a mean of 6 yr after stopping GH treatment (StaTur cohort).Main Outcome Measures: We assessed the proportion of patients with adequate follow-up at seven medical assessments over 4 yr and its determinants.Results: Most participants were followed by gynecologists or general practitioners. Medical assessments were performed in 16% (audiometry) to 68% (lipid level determinations) of participants, with little consistency in individual patients. Only 20 of 568 patients (3.5%) underwent all assessments in the 4-yr period. Multivariate analysis identified the type of physician as the only factor consistently associated with follow-up, which was more adequate with endocrinologists than with other physicians. Other variables associated with at least one adequate follow-up assessment were paternal socioeconomic class, education level, number of Turner syndrome disease components, size of the medical center following the patient in childhood, and physical health dimensions of Short Form 36 questionnaire.Conclusions: By contrast with the intensive medical follow-up in childhood, follow-up was grossly inadequate during the transition phase. During this phase, patients should be sent to physicians specializing in Turner syndrome and particular attention should be paid to patients with lower levels of education and from families of low socioeconomic status.This study finds adherence to recommended follow-up for young adult women with Turner syndrome is incomplete even when there is good access to care.
Drug–Drug Interaction Between Clopidogrel and the Proton Pump Inhibitors
Authors: Norgard Nicholas B , Mathews Kathryn D , Wall Geoffrey C 
Published: May 2009

Objective:To evaluate the interaction between clopidogrel and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs).Data Sources:Literature retrieval was accessed through PubMed (1980–January 2009), abstracts from 2008 American Heart Association and 2009 Society of Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions Scientific Sessions, and media press releases using the terms clopidogrel, proton pump inhibitors, cytochrome 2C19, genetic cytochrome P450 polymorphisms, and drug interaction. In addition, reference citations from publications identified in the search were reviewed.Study Selection and Data Extraction:Relevant original research articles and review articles were evaluated. Articles were selected if they were published in English and focused on any of the key words or appeared to have substantial content addressing the drug interaction.Data Synthesis:Recent attention has been placed on a potential interaction observed between clopidogrel and the widely used PPIs. Preliminary evidence suggests that omeprazole interacts with clopidogrel, reducing clopidogrel's antiplatelet effects as measured by various laboratory tests. Most data indicate that the interaction involves the competitive inhibition of the CYP2C19 isoenzyme. The interaction appears to be clinically significant, as several retrospective analyses have shown an increase in adverse cardiovascular outcomes when PPIs and clopidogrel are used concomitantly. However, this may not be a class effect.Conclusions:Available data suggest that omeprazole is the PPI most likely to have a significant interaction with clopidogrel. Further studies are needed to determine that an interaction between the other PPIs and clopidogrel does not exist. In situations in which both clopidogrel and a PPI are indicated, pantoprazole should be used since it is the PPI least likely to interact with clopidogrel.
Design of a Robot and Test Procedure for the Dynamic Testing of Anchorages in a Geotechnical Centrifuge
Authors: Hao J. , Neilson R. D. , Ivanović A. , Li J. , Starkey A. J. , Rodger A. A. , Davies M. C. R. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
The design of a novel robot for the dynamic testing of ground anchorages in a geotechnical centrifuge is presented. The structure tested comprises nine pretensioned anchorages in a 3×3 array, installed in dry sand, supporting a retaining wall. The anchorages are partially threaded and have washers and nuts installed so that the amount of load can be varied by tightening the nuts against the wall. The purpose of the robot is to move to the head of anchorage during operation of the centrifuge, locate onto the nut, rotate it by a prescribed amount to change the load, disengage from the nut, and then apply an impulse to the end of the length of anchorage protruding from the wall. The resulting vibration response is measured by an accelerometer and captured by a data acquisition system for processing to investigate the effect of load on the dynamic response of the anchorage. The robot has four degrees of freedom, three linear motions, and one rotation and includes a solenoid operated impulse-generating device. The design specification and detailed structure of the robot are presented along with commissioning tests to prove the effectiveness of the system before deployment on an extensive test program.
Ki-67 – new faces of an old player
Authors: Bubán Tamás , Tóth László , Tanyi Miklós , Kappelmayer János , Antal-Szalmás Péter 
Published: May 2009

Huszonöt évvel ezelőtt izolálták először a Ki-67 fehérjét, ami napjainkra az osztódó sejtek első számú hisztológiai markere lett. Ez a kivételes szerkezetű molekula olyan alapvető biológiai funkciókkal bír, amelyek nélkülözhetetlenek a normális sejtciklushoz. Miután a Ki-67 fehérje minden osztódó sejtben (G1, S, G2/M fázis) jelen van, de a nyugvó sejtekből (G0 fázis) hiányzik, kiválóan alkalmazható az osztódó sejtfrakció kimutatására, ezáltal klinikai jelentőséggel is bír különböző tumoros folyamatok malignitásának megállapításában, a terápiára adott válasz megítélésében. A sejtproliferációban betöltött nélkülözhetetlen funkciói alapján felvetődik a tumorgenezisben is lehetséges szerepe. A szerzők munkájukban áttekintik a fehérje történetét, tulajdonságait, lehetséges szerepeit a sejtciklus szabályozásában és prognosztikai jelentőségét különböző tumoros betegségekben.
Use of Ice-Water and Salt Treatments to Eliminate an Exotic Snail, the Red-Rim Melania, from Small Immersible Fisheries Equipment
Authors: Mitchell Andrew J. , Brandt Thomas M. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Ice-water and salt treatments were evaluated for disinfection of small immersible fisheries equipment contaminated with a nonindigenous tropical snail, the red-rim melania Melanoides tuberculatus. This introduced species can displace native snails and transmit trematodes directly to fish and indirectly to other animals, including humans. The red-rim melania has a well-developed operculum that protects it from desiccation and allows it to remain viable for days on dry fisheries equipment. Treatments were produced by adding 10 kg of salt and 33.3 kg of ice to 66.6 L of water (salt–ice-water [SIW]) or by adding 40 kg of ice to 32 L of water (ice-water only [IW]) and were tested for various periods (0.17 min to 24 h) to find exposures that would kill 100% of the treated snails. Temperatures produced in the test containers ranged from −6.3°C to −2.4°C for SIW and from 0°C to 4.9°C for IW. The survival of snails in saltwater-only (SW) treatments (10 kg of NaCl in 100 L of water) was also tested. Three size-groups of snails were tested: 2–4-, 15–20-, and 30–40-mm shell heights. Exposure periods that resulted in an estimated 0% survival for the 15–20-mm snails were 35.8 min for SIW, 179.6 min for IW, and 423.6 min for SW. The calculated amounts of time (regression analysis) required to kill 100% of the three size-groups of snails exposed to the SIW treatment were 17.8 min for 30–40-mm snails, 35.8 min for 15–20-mm snails, and 67.5 min for 2–4-mm snails.
A New Technique to Enhance Cement Resistance to Mud Acids
Authors: Al-Taq Ali A. , Nasr-El-Din Hisham A. , Al-Shafei Tawfiq A. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Cement attack by acids during acid stimulation is a serious problem as indicated by both field experience and lab tests. A new cost effective technique was developed to enhance cement resistance to full strength mud acid. This technique will not only protect cement from acid attack, but will also prevent side problems, such as released iron (III) that may damage the formation around the wellbore area
The new technique includes preflushing the cement in the wellbore area (bridge plugs and cement behind casing) with 10 wt% acetic acid + 1.5 wt% HF prior to mud acid stimulation. This preflush will provide a protective layer on the surface of set cement that will minimize acid/cement interactions.
Lab results showed that the new technique significantly reduced the weigh loss experienced by neat cement exposed to a full strength mud acid by 16-fold. Moreover, it was more effective in reducing acid attack on cement than acid resistant cements (latex and latex-expanding).
Induced Sulfur Deposition During Carbon Dioxide Miscible Flooding in Carbonate Reservoirs
Authors: Shedid Shedid A. , Zekri Abdulrazag Y. , Almehaideb Reyadh 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
The existence of sulfur compounds in crude oils decreases their economical value and creates many problems of sulfur deposition in the vicinity of a wellbore hole, in well completion and/or production equipment, and in producing reservoir rocks. Laboratory testing of carbonate reservoirs containing sulfur and asphaltene shows that carbon dioxide flooding is likely to be more efficient if these reservoirs have permeabilities near 10 md than higher levels. Furthermore, faster production rates are likely to reduce displacement efficiency as the contaminants deposit in porous medium and increase damage. Likewise, crude oil viscosity increases with increase of sulfur and asphaltene contents for different temperatures.
Eight core flooding experiments were conducted using multiple flow rates, and reservoir rock permeabilities. All runs were conducted at secondary mode (no water flooding) using carbon dioxide slug size of 15 % hydrocarbon pore volume (HCPV). Three other runs using different initial oil saturations were also performed to study the effect of mobile oil saturation. Our results suggest that application of CO2 flooding to these reservoirs could exacerbate damage to the reservoir porous rocks.
Unlocking Hidden Reservoir Potential Through Integrated Formation Damage Evaluation
Authors: McPhee C. A. , Byrne M. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Formation damage during drilling and completion has often led to poor well test results and, in many cases, the wrong conclusions have been drawn. Poor productivity has been mistaken for poor permeability and connectivity. Reservoir potential has been hidden and assets abandoned.
However, the recognition of formation damage in unwanted assets has led to the re-evaluation of legacy drilling and production data. Two examples are presented which demonstrate the methodologies and techniques employed in an integrated solution for the recognition, diagnosis and mitigation of formation damage. In particular, return permeability tests on core in the laboratory are essential but must be coupled with a more rigorous validation of well test interpretations before reaching any decision on relinquishment or abandonment.
An integrated petrophysical, geomechanical and formation evaluation strategy can open up significant development opportunities in what were regarded as uneconomic oil and gas fields. In one case, the methodology resulted in a ten-fold increase in absolute well flow potential and the commercial development of the field.
The methodologies and workflows developed in these field examples mean that it is possible to drill and develop low permeability reservoirs economically without causing damage and avoiding the need for expensive stimulation through careful planning and design.
Evaluation of Reservoir Performance under Water Injection Considering the Effect of Inorganic Scale Deposition in an Iranian Carbonate Oil Reservoir
Authors: Taheri A. , Zahedzadeh M. , Masoudi Rahim , Alikhani F. , Roayaei E. , Ghanavati M. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Water injection is one of the main oil recovery techniques, which usually associated with problematic and challenging formation damage concerns including mineral scale deposition, organic scale, clay swelling, particle invasion, fine migration and microbial damage. These concerns usually significantly affect the performance of water injection scenarios by reduction of production rate and therefore ultimate recovery.
In this work, mineral scale deposition phenomenon due to sea water injection and its influence on productivity loss and the reservoir performance of an Iranian offshore carbonate oil reservoir have been investigated. This filed has been producing by water injection since 1985. During these years the field has facing several formation damages mechanisms especially mineral scale deposition. For this purpose, a simulation study using solid deposition module of Eclipse 100 (v. 2006) has been conducted to simulate various phenomena occurring in the reservoir due to water injection, which undermines the oil production rate. As input of the simulation, the actual amount and concentrations of scale formed due to mixing of various portions of formation and injected sea waters and the productivity index reduction due to injection of different water mixtures are needed. These data must be experimentally measured in an actual bulk and core media for the studied reservoir. Comprehensive laboratory studies have been, therefore, conducted to obtain the simulation required information. These data have been incorporated into the simulation model to evaluate the scale deposition effects.
The simulator enables to model the mixing zone, mineral scales precipitation, reservoir performance and productivity index reduction due to sea water injection process. The results show that the production loss due to scale deposition can be predicted/simulated reliably by using the applied methodology and appropriate required experimental works.
Underbalanced Drilling in a Highly Depleted Reservoir, Onshore South Australia: Technical and Operational Challenges
Authors: Vonthethoff M. L. , Schoemaker S. , Telesford A. L. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
The Moomba field was first discovered in 1966 in the Cooper Basin, South Australia with first production commencing in 1969. From inception, the gas wells were drilled conventionally overbalanced with the majority of wells fracture stimulated to optimise production from the tight inter-bedded gas sands. Today the reservoir is highly depleted and conventional methods of accessing reserves are no longer viable over most areas of the field. Santos Ltd. investigated the application of new technology to accelerate the remaining reserves while avoiding formation damage and optimising potential production rates. Coiled Tubing Underbalanced Drilling was identified as a potential enabling technology for this application and 3 sidetracks from existing depleted wells and 2 new wells were drilled in the field in early 2007.
This paper will discuss the planning, implementation and post drilling analysis of the campaign. The paper will also discuss the technical challenges encountered due to the high pressure depletion, complex geology of the reservoir, hostile drilling environment and remote location.
Of the five wells drilled, four produced with increased rates when compared to modelling with a physically recorded zero skin on all wells. One of the two new wells achieved production rates not seen in the field for over 20 years. Overall, the campaign showed it was technically viable to drill wells in a geologically complex, depleted, tight gas field without damaging the reservoir. The paper concludes with a detailed discussion of how the degree of success achieved is reliant upon the selection of the right technology with a comprehensive understanding of the reservoir and its physical properties. In addition candidate selection is illustrated to be a critical element in achieving projects goals.
Modeling Formation Damage for Flow Simulations at Reservoir Scale
Authors: Ding D. Y. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Formation damage is generally limited in the immediate near-wellbore region and needs a particular near-well flow modeling using fine gridblocks. However, near-well models are usually developed standalone and are decoupled from reservoir models. Using a standalone near-well model, which does not take into account production scenarios, cannot correctly predict well injectivity or productivity.
In this paper, we propose a new technique for the coupled modeling of the near-well flow model and the reservoir model in a simple and consistent way. In this new approach, data are exchanged and updated through boundary conditions for the near-well model and numerical productivity index (PI) (or skin factors) for the reservoir model. Examples show that this coupled modeling gives quite satisfying results.
How to Apply the Flow Velocity as a Design Criteria in RPM Treatments
Authors: Stavland Arne 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
The effect of water control using Relative Permeability Modification (RPM) depends strongly on the well's flow rate. This is because the permeability reduction decreases as the flow velocity increases. This will affect the amount of volume as well as the properties of the injected RPM fluid. This paper discusses how the velocity dependent permeability reduction can be accounted for in the job design. The approach is to introduce a velocity dependent permeability reduction and to solve the Darcy law for Non-Newtonian flow.
Core flood experiments report permeability reduction as residual resistance factors (RRFw and RRFo). In scaling up to field situations the reduction in productivity is a better measure. Designing an RPM treatment to a fixed reduction in water productivity demonstrated that low volume - high permeability reduction is better than larger volumes with lower permeability reduction. In high productive wells there may be situations where certain RPM systems fail to reduce the water productivity adequately. By including pressure constraints on the injection of the RPM fluid, the planned pumping schedule is derived.
The criteria for increased oil production are reported as a balance between the increased drawdown, based on the water-cut reduction and improved lift, and the reduction in oil productivity. The critical oil productivity depends on the water productivity, initial water-cut, density difference between the water and the hydrocarbon phase, and depth (TVD). It is clearly demonstrated that the potential for increased oil production increases by increasing the ratio between the oil and the water productivity reduction (M). In addition, M increases as RRFw increases and the volume decreases.
The time to restore the productivity from the oil zone, the clean up time, can be understood based on the fractional flow theory. In theory, the clean up time can be derived from relative permeability curves or the saturation profiles during the oil back production. Also the clean up time was reduced by the use of low volume - high water permeability reduction.