bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collagen fibril morphology and mechanical properties of the Achilles tendon in two inbred mouse strains
Authors: Rigozzi S. , Müller R. , Snedeker J. G. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe relationship between collagen fibril morphology and the functional behavior of tendon tissue has been investigated in numerous experimental studies. Several of these studies suggest that larger fibril radius is a primary determinant of higher tendon stiffness and strength; others have shown that factors apart from fibril radius (such as fibril–fibril interactions) may be critical to improved tendon strength. In the present study, we investigate these factors in two inbred mouse strains that are widely used in skeletal structure–function research: C57BL/6J (B6) and C3H/HeJ (C3H). The aim was to establish a quantitative baseline that will allow one to assess how regulation of tendon extracellular matrix architecture affects tensile mechanical properties. We specifically focused on collagen fibril structure and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content – the two primary constituents of tendon by dry weight – and their potential functional interactions. For this purpose, Achilles tendons from both groups were tested to failure in tension. Tendon collagen morphology was analyzed from transmission electron microscopy images of tendon sections perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. Our results showed that the two inbred strains are macroscopically similar, but C3H mice have a higher elastic modulus (P < 0.05). Structurally, C3H mice showed a larger collagen fibril radius compared to B6 mice (96 ± 7 nm and 80 ± 10 nm respectively). Tendons from C3H mice also showed smaller specific fibril surface (0.015 ± 0.001 nm nm−2 vs. 0.017 ± 0.003 nm nm−2 in the B6 tendons, P < 0.05), and accordingly a lower concentration of GAGs (0.60 ± 0.07 μg mg−1 vs. 0.83 ± 0.11 μg mg−1, P < 0.05). As in other studies of tendon structure and function, larger collagen fibril radius appears to be associated with stiffer tendon, but this functional difference could also be attributed to reduced potential surface area exchange between fibrils and the surrounding proteoglycan‐rich matrix, in which the hydrophilic GAG side chains may promote inter‐fibril sliding. This study provides an architectural and functional baseline for a comparative murine model that can be used to investigate the genetic regulation of tendon biomechanics.
Microglial peroxiredoxin V acts as an inducible anti‐inflammatory antioxidant through cooperation with redox signaling cascades
Authors: Sun Hu‐Nan , Kim Sun‐Uk , Huang Song Mei , Kim Jin‐Man , Park Young‐Ho , Kim Seok‐Ho , Yang Hee‐Young , Chung Kyoung‐Jin , Lee Tae‐Hoon , Choi Hoon Sung , Min Ju Sik , Park Moon‐Ki , Kim Sang‐Keun , Lee Sang‐Rae , Chang Kyu‐Tae , Lee Sang‐Ho , Yu Dae‐Yeul , Lee Dong‐Seok 
Published: March 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 114, 39–50.AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) actively participate in microglia‐mediated pathogenesis as pro‐inflammatory molecules. However, little is known about the involvement of specific antioxidants in maintaining the microglial oxidative balance. We demonstrate that microglial peroxiredoxin (Prx) 5 expression is up‐regulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) through activation of the ROS‐sensitive signaling pathway and is involved in attenuation of both microglial activation and nitric oxide (NO) generation. Unlike in stimulation of oxidative insults with paraquat and hydrogen peroxide, Prx V expression is highly sensitive to LPS‐stimulation in microglia. Reduction of ROS level by treatment with either NADPH oxidase inhibitor or antioxidant ablates LPS‐mediated Prx V up‐regulation in BV‐2 microglial cells and is closely associated with the activation of the c‐jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway. This suggests the involvement of ROS/JNK signaling in LPS‐mediated Prx V induction. Furthermore, NO induces Prx V up‐regulation that is ablated by the addition of inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor or deleted mutation of inducible nitric oxide synthase in LPS‐stimulated microglia. Therefore, these results suggest that Prx V is induced by cooperative action among the ROS, RNS, and JNK signaling cascades. Interestingly, knockdown of Prx V expression causes the acceleration of microglia activation, including augmented ROS generation and JNK‐dependent NO production. In summary, we demonstrate that Prx V plays a key role in the microglial activation process through modulation of the balance between ROS/NO generation and the corresponding JNK cascade activation.
Methylglyoxal‐mediated anxiolysis involves increased protein modification and elevated expression of glyoxalase 1 in the brain
Authors: Hambsch Boris , Chen Bud‐Gen , Brenndörfer Julia , Meyer Melanie , Avrabos Charilaos , Maccarrone Giuseppina , Liu Ray H. , Eder Matthias , Turck Christoph W. , Landgraf Rainer 
Published: March 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 113, 1240–1251.AbstractMethylglyoxal (MG) is a highly reactive metabolite that forms adducts with basic amino acid side chains in proteins. MG is degraded by glyoxalase1 (GLO1), an enzyme shown to be differentially expressed in several mouse models of anxiety‐related behavior. As yet, molecular mechanisms by which altered GLO1 expression influences emotionality have not been elucidated. Here we report that both MG concentration and protein modification are altered in brain tissue of a mouse model for trait anxiety, with elevated levels in low anxiety‐related behavior relative to high anxiety‐related behavior animals. Accordingly, repeated intracerebroventricular injections of MG mediated anxiolysis in inbred high anxiety‐related behavior and outbred CD1 mice. We found that anxiolytic‐like properties of MG were independent of GLO1 expression. In contrast, antidepressant‐like properties of intracerebroventricular MG were suppressed in CD1 mice carrying extra copies of the GLO1 gene. Moreover, MG treatment increased expression of GLO1 only in CD1 mice that did not have extra copies of GLO1. Taken together, these results suggest that the MG levels in brain are negatively correlated with anxiety. Thereby, we identified a novel molecular mechanism for anxiety‐related behavior in mice that may help to elucidate genesis of psychiatric disorders in humans.
Evaluation of acute congestive heart failure in dogs and cats: 145 cases (2007–2008)
Authors: Goutal Caroline M. , Keir Iain , Kenney Shale , Rush John E. , Freeman Lisa M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjective –To characterize the clinical presentation, management, and in‐hospital outcomes of dogs and cats diagnosed with acute congestive heart failure (CHF).Design –Retrospective study of animals seen between January 2007 and May 2008.Setting –Emergency service at a university teaching hospital.Animals –Ninety dogs and 55 cats with CHF.Measurements and Main Results –Patient characteristics, including age, clinical signs, clinicopathologic abnormalities, diagnostic testing, and outcome were recorded. Forty‐eight of the animals already were receiving cardiac medications at the time of presentation. The most common diseases represented were chronic valvular disease and cardiomyopathies. Cats had significantly lower median body temperature at admission compared with dogs (P<0.001). The most common abnormalities were elevated lactate (64%), elevated BUN (52%), hypochloremia (31%), hyperglycemia (27%), and elevated liver enzymes (26%). Many of these became even more prevalent during hospitalization. One hundred and sixteen animals were discharged from the hospital, for a survival rate of 80%. There was no survival difference between dogs and cats (P=0.39). Dogs that developed hypokalemia during hospital stay (P=0.04) were more likely to survive compared with those without hypokalemia and initial body temperature was lower for those cats that did not survive (P=0.02). Of those that did not survive, the majority were euthanized (n=25), while 4 dogs died.Conclusions –Dogs and cats presented to the emergency service with CHF had a high survival rate. In cats, initial body temperature was lower for those cats that did not survive. Although clinicopathologic abnormalities were common in both species, only dogs with hypokalemia had improved survival to hospital discharge.
Depositional environments and chronology of Late Weichselian glaciation and deglaciation in the central North Sea
Authors: GRAHAM ALASTAIR G. C. , LONERGAN LIDIA , STOKER MARTYN S. 
Published: March 2010

Graham, A.G.C., Lonergan, L. & Stoker, M.S. 2010: Depositional environments and chronology of Late Weichselian glaciation and deglaciation in the central North Sea. Boreas, Vol. 39, pp. 471–491. 10.1111/j.1502‐3885.2010.00144.x. ISSN 0300‐9483.Geological constraints on ice‐sheet deglaciation are essential for improving the modelling of ice masses and understanding their potential for future change. Here, we present a detailed interpretation of depositional environments from a new 30‐m‐long borehole in the central North Sea, with the aim of improving constraints on the history of the marine Late Pleistocene British–Fennoscandian Ice Sheet. Seven units characterize a sequence of compacted and distorted glaciomarine diamictons, which are overlain by interbedded glaciomarine diamictons and soft, bedded to homogeneous marine muds. Through correlation of borehole and 2D/3D seismic observations, we identify three palaeoregimes. These are: a period of advance and ice‐sheet overriding; a phase of deglaciation; and a phase of postglacial glaciomarine‐to‐marine sedimentation. Deformed subglacial sediments correlate with a buried suite of streamlined subglacial bedforms, and indicate overriding by the SE–NW‐flowing Witch Ground ice stream. AMS 14C dating confirms ice‐stream activity and extensive glaciation of the North Sea during the Last Glacial Maximum, between c. 30 and 16.2 14C ka BP. Sediments overlying the ice‐compacted deposits have been reworked, but can be used to constrain initial deglaciation to no later than 16.2 14C ka BP. A re‐advance of British ice during the last deglaciation, dated at 13.9 14C ka BP, delivered ice‐proximal deposits to the core site and deposited glaciomarine sediments rapidly during the subsequent retreat. A transition to more temperate marine conditions is clear in lithostratigraphic and seismic records, marked by a regionally pervasive iceberg‐ploughmarked erosion surface. The iceberg discharges that formed this horizon are dated to between 13.9 and 12 14C ka BP, and may correspond to oscillating ice‐sheet margins during final, dynamic ice‐sheet decay.
Sedimentary evidence for a major glacial oscillation and proglacial lake formation in the Solway Lowlands (Cumbria, UK) during Late Devensian deglaciation
Authors: LIVINGSTONE STEPHEN J. , Ó COFAIGH COLM , EVANS DAVID J.A. , PALMER ADRIAN 
Published: March 2010

Livingstone, S. J., Ó Cofaigh, C., Evans, D. J. A. & Palmer, A. 2010: Sedimentary evidence for a major glacial oscillation and proglacial lake formation in the Solway Lowlands (Cumbria, UK) during Late Devensian deglaciation. Boreas, Vol. 39, pp. 505–527. 10.1111/j.1502‐3885.2010.00149.x. ISSN 0300‐9483.This paper is a sedimentological investigation of Late Devensian glacial deposits from the Solway Lowlands, northwest England, in the central sector of the last British–Irish Ice Sheet. In this region, laminated glaciolacustrine sediments occur, sandwiched between diamictons interpreted as subglacial tills. At one location the laminated sediments are interpreted as varves, and indicate the former presence of a proglacial lake. Correlation of these varves with other laminated sediments indicates that the glacial lake was at least 140 km2 in area and probably much larger. Extensive beds of sand, silt and gravel throughout the Solway Basin associated with the lake demonstrate ice‐free conditions over a large area. Based on the number of varves, the lake was in existence for at least 261 years. The stratigraphic sequence of varves bracketed by tills implies a major glacial oscillation prior to the Scottish Re‐advance (16.8 cal. ka BP). This oscillation is tentatively correlated with the Gosforth oscillation at c.19.5 cal. ka BP. Subsequent overriding of these glaciolacustrine sediments during a westward‐moving re‐advance demonstrates rapid ice loss and then gain within the Solway Lowlands from ice‐dispersal centres in the Lake District, Pennines and Southern Uplands. It is speculated that the existence of this and other lakes along the northeastern edge of the Irish Sea Basin would have influenced ice‐sheet dynamics.
Postglacial changes in the Asian summer monsoon system: a pollen record from the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: ZHOU WEIJIAN , YU SHI‐YONG , BURR GEORGE S. , KUKLA GEORGE J. , JULL A. J. T. , XIAN FENG , XIAO JIAYI , COLMAN STEVEN M. , YU HUAGUI , LIU ZHAO , KONG XIANGHUI 
Published: March 2010

Zhou, W., Yu, S.‐Y., Burr, G. S., Kukla, G. J., Jull, A. J. T., Xian, F., Xiao, J., Colman, S. M., Yu, H., Liu, Z. & Kong, X. 2010: Postglacial changes in the Asian summer monsoon system: a pollen record from the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Boreas, Vol. 39, pp. 528–539. 10.1111/j.1502‐3885.2010.00150.x. ISSN 0300‐9483.A new pollen record constrained by 32 AMS radiocarbon dates from the Hongyuan peatland in the Zoige Basin reveals the long‐term dynamics of an alpine wetland ecosystem on the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau over the last 13 500 years. Changes in pollen assemblages and influxes suggest that local vegetation has experienced three distinct stages, from alpine coniferous forest–meadow (13 500–11 500 cal. a BP), through alpine coniferous forest (11 500–3000 cal. a BP), back to alpine coniferous forest–meadow (3000 cal. a BP–present). This record reflects an ecosystem response along a transition zone where the South Asian and East Asian monsoon systems may have had different palaeoclimatic influences. A comparison of this record with other pollen records across the Tibetan Plateau shows common features with regard to large‐scale Holocene climatic changes, but highlights a pattern of regional temporal and spatial variability that depends on the topography and position relative to the South Asian and East Asian monsoon fronts.
The Variability of IPO Initial Returns
Authors: LOWRY MICHELLE , OFFICER MICAH S. , SCHWERT G. WILLIAM 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTThe monthly volatility of IPO initial returns is substantial, fluctuates dramatically over time, and is considerably larger during “hot” IPO markets. Consistent with IPO theory, the volatility of initial returns is higher for firms that are more difficult to value because of higher information asymmetry. Our findings highlight underwriters’ difficulty in valuing companies characterized by high uncertainty, and raise serious questions about the efficacy of the traditional firm‐commitment IPO process. One implication of our results is that alternate mechanisms, such as auctions, could be beneficial for firms that value price discovery over the auxiliary services provided by underwriters.
The New Game in Town: Competitive Effects of IPOs
Authors: HSU HUNG‐CHIA , REED ADAM V. , ROCHOLL JÖRG 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTWe analyze the effect of initial public offerings (IPOs) on industry competitors and provide evidence that companies experience negative stock price reactions to completed IPOs in their industry and positive stock price reactions to their withdrawal. Following a successful IPO in their industry, they show significant deterioration in their operating performance. These results are consistent with the existence of IPO‐related competitive advantages through the loosening of financial constraints, financial intermediary certification, and the presence of knowledge capital. These aspects of competitiveness are significant in explaining the cross‐section of underperformance as well as survival probabilities for competing firms.
Financial Structure, Acquisition Opportunities, and Firm Locations
Authors: ALMAZAN ANDRES , DE MOTTA ADOLFO , TITMAN SHERIDAN , UYSAL VAHAP 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the relation between firms' locations and their corporate finance decisions. We develop a model where being located within an industry cluster increases opportunities to make acquisitions, and to facilitate those acquisitions, firms within clusters maintain more financial slack. Consistent with our model we find that firms located within industry clusters make more acquisitions, and have lower debt ratios and larger cash balances than their industry peers located outside clusters. We also document that firms in high‐tech cities and growing cities maintain more financial slack. Overall, the evidence suggests that growth opportunities influence firms' financial decisions.
Taxes on Tax‐Exempt Bonds
Authors: ANG ANDREW , BHANSALI VINEER , XING YUHANG 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTImplicit tax rates priced in the cross section of municipal bonds are approximately two to three times as high as statutory income tax rates, with implicit tax rates close to 100% using retail trades and above 70% for interdealer trades. These implied tax rates can be identified because a portion of secondary market municipal bond trades involves income taxes. After valuing the tax payments, market discount bonds, which carry income tax liabilities, trade at yields around 25 basis points higher than comparable municipal bonds not subject to any taxes. The high sensitivities of municipal bond prices to tax rates can be traced to individual retail traders dominating dealers and other institutions.
Do Bonds Span Volatility Risk in the U.S. Treasury Market? A Specification Test for Affine Term Structure Models
Authors: ANDERSEN TORBEN G. , BENZONI LUCA 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTWe propose using model‐free yield quadratic variation measures computed from intraday data as a tool for specification testing and selection of dynamic term structure models. We find that the yield curve fails to span realized yield volatility in the U.S. Treasury market, as the systematic volatility factors are largely unrelated to the cross‐section of yields. We conclude that a broad class of affine diffusive, quadratic Gaussian, and affine jump‐diffusive models cannot accommodate the observed yield volatility dynamics. Hence, the Treasury market per se is incomplete, as yield volatility risk cannot be hedged solely through Treasury securities.
Corporate Political Contributions and Stock Returns
Authors: COOPER MICHAEL J. , GULEN HUSEYIN , OVTCHINNIKOV ALEXEI V. 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTWe develop a new and comprehensive database of firm‐level contributions to U.S. political campaigns from 1979 to 2004. We construct variables that measure the extent of firm support for candidates. We find that these measures are positively and significantly correlated with the cross‐section of future returns. The effect is strongest for firms that support a greater number of candidates that hold office in the same state that the firm is based. In addition, there are stronger effects for firms whose contributions are slanted toward House candidates and Democrats.
Dialysis in the poisoned patient
Authors: BAYLISS George 
Published: March 2010

AbstractPatients who ingest toxic substances may require extracorporeal removal of the poisons or their toxic metabolites if native renal clearance is not sufficient because of acute kidney injury, acuity of symptoms, or burden of toxin. Here, a case is presented, and the literature on renal replacement therapy in the event of acute intoxication is reviewed. Extracorporeal therapy efficacy is examined in terms of the characteristics of the toxin (molecular size, charge, protein, or lipid binding); the patient (body habitus and volume of distribution); and the process (membrane effects on extraction ratios and sieving, role of blood, and dialysate flow rates). The choice of extracorporeal therapy and hemodialysis prescriptions for specific poisonings are discussed.
Simultaneous use of serum IgG and IgM for risk scoring of suspected early Lyme borreliosis: graphical and bivariate analyses
Authors: DESSAU RAM B. , EJLERTSEN TOVE , HILDEN JØRGEN 
Published: March 2010

Dessau RB, Ejlertsen T, Hilden J. Simultaneous use of serum IgG and IgM for risk scoring of suspected early Lyme borreliosis: graphical and bivariate analyses. APMIS 2010; 118: 313–23.The laboratory diagnosis of early disseminated Lyme borreliosis (LB) rests on IgM and IgG antibodies in serum. The purpose of this study was to refine the statistical interpretation of IgM and IgG by combining the diagnostic evidence provided by the two immunoglobulins and exploiting the whole range of the quantitative variation in test values. ELISA assays based on purified flagella antigen were performed on sera from 815 healthy Danish blood donors as negative controls and 117 consecutive patients with confirmed neuroborreliosis (NB). A logistic regression model combining the standardized units of the IgM and IgG ELISA assays was constructed and the resulting disease risks graphically evaluated by receiver operating characteristic and ‘predictiveness’ curves. The combined model improves the discrimination between NB patients and blood donors. Hence, it is possible to report a predicted risk of disease graded for each individual patient, as is theoretically preferable. The predictiveness curve, when adapted to the local pretest probability of LB, allows high‐risk and low‐risk thresholds to be defined instead of cut‐offs based on the laboratory characteristics only, and it allows the extent of under‐ and over‐treatment to be assessed. It is shown that an example patient with low ELISA results in IgM and IgG, considered negative by the conventional cut‐off, has a relatively high risk of belonging to the truly diseased population and a low risk of being false positive. Using a 20% high‐risk threshold for advising the clinician to consider treatment, the sensitivity of the assay is increased from 76% to 85%, while the specificity is maintained at around 95%.
Multiple human papilloma virus types in cervical infections: competition or synergy?
Authors: MEJLHEDE NINA , PEDERSEN BO V. , FRISCH MORTEN , FOMSGAARD ANDERS 
Published: March 2010

Mejlhede N, Pedersen BV, Frisch M, Fomsgaard A. Multiple human papilloma virus types in cervical infections: competition or synergy? APMIS 2010; 118: 346–52.Coinfection with multiple human papilloma virus (HPV) types is common in cervical HPV infection. To evaluate if infections with different HPV types occur independently, we examined 3558 women above 15 years of age suspected of cervical HPV infection. Among them, 1842 (52%) women were HPV negative and 1716 (48%) were HPV positive as analysed by a PCR‐based commercial microarray assay for mucosal types. Of the HPV‐positive samples, 824 (48%) had single infections, while 892 (52%) had multiple infections. Observed numbers of concurrent HPV types differed from expected numbers under the assumption of independence between infections by the various HPV types. Significant positive associations were observed for 16 pairs of HPV types in statistical analysis accounting for mass significance. Significant negative associations were also found, i.e. women with HPV‐16 infection had 0.4 times the odds of having HPV‐51 compared with women not infected with HPV‐16. HPV‐16 was the only type with odds ratios <1 for all pairwise combinations. While our findings of statistically significant coexistence do not prove biological dependence among HPV types, they do suggest that infections with some HPV types may depend on the existence of certain other HPV types. Any interaction between coexisting HPV types could either decrease or increase the efficacy of current HPV vaccines that offer mainly type‐specific protection, depending on whether the types vaccinated against compete with other HPV types or not.