bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Properties of RNA Modified with Thioamide Internucleoside Linkage
Authors: Gafur Sayed Habibul , Ghosh Samir , Richter Michael , Rozners Eriks 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRecent success of RNA therapeutics has reinvigorated interest in chemical modifications of RNA. As exemplified by the phosphorothioates, modifications of sugar‐phosphate backbone have been remarkably impactful but relatively underexplored in therapeutic RNAs. The present study reports synthesis, thermal stability, and RNA interference activity of RNAs modified with thioamide linkages. Compared to the previously studied amide‐modified RNA, thioamide linkages strongly destabilized a short self‐complementary RNA model duplex. However, in short interfering RNAs amides and thioamides had a similar effect on duplex stability and target RNA cleavage activity and specificity. Hence, the thioamide may be added to the toolbox of chemical biologist as a useful backbone modification well tolerated by the RNA interference machinery.
Insights into Amorphous Metal‐Organic Framework as Carbonic Anhydrase Mimic
Authors: Xiong Jun , Yuan Xin , Li Zhixian , Zong Min‐Hua , Lou Wen‐Yong , Wu Xiaoling 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCarbonic anhydrase (CA) is an important enzyme which breaks the C−O bond and catalyzes the hydration of CO2 and developing artificial enzyme to mimic the function of CA is important for the related applications. Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) with typical tetrahedral Zn−N coordination units which were similar to the catalytically active site of natural CA have been reported to displayed CA‐like activities. However, the activity of crystalline ZIFs remains unsatisfactory. Herein, amorphous zeolitic imidazolate framework (aZIF) was fabricated through a facile self‐assembly process and exhibited 2.2‐fold higher CA‐like hydrolytic activity than the corresponding crystalline ZIF‐8.This phenomenon can be ascribed to the unsaturated Zn−N coordination structure and mesopores inside aZIF. This work affords a new avenue for the rational design of nanozymes.
Radicals as Chiral Catalysts for Asymmetric Radical Cyclization Reactions
Authors: Zhao Quan‐Qing , Gu Min , Chen Jia‐Rong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDue to the innate highly reactive properties and short life‐time, organic free radicals can often serve as promoters or intermediates to engage in various radical transformations, which are often otherwise difficult to access by ionic pathway‐based mechanisms. With the evolvement of radical chemistry, chiral radical catalyzed‐transformations have recently emerged as an attractive and robust platform for synthesis of chiral molecules of interest. Herein, we highlight several creative and strategic advances in chiral radical catalyst design, cyclization reaction achievements, and future challenges.

Key ScientistsIn the 1980s, some pioneering studies by Feldman and Oshima revealed that the thiyl radical could catalyze cyclization of vinylcyclopropane with alkenes, providing access to racemic cyclopentanes. In 1996, Brian P. Roberts reported an interesting enantioselective hydrosilylation of prochiral alkenes by using thioglucose‐derived chiral thiyl radical catalysts. Since then, chiral radical catalysis has become an emerging and promising catalytic strategy in organic synthesis. However, this field has not been extensively explored further until the Maruoka group in 2014 achieved the asymmetric C—C bond formation by employing a newly designed indanol core‐based chiral thiyl radical catalyst. In this protocol, an enantioselective radical cyclization of vinylcyclopropanes with electron‐rich alkenes was developed. In 2020, Chen and Xiao disclosed a nitrogen radical‐catalyzed version of this reaction. Later, this strategy was further expanded to metalloradical catalyzed asymmetric radical cascade cyclization reactions by Zhang in 2021. Later on, Wang, Fu and Zhang et al. described a novel class of boryl radical‐catalyzed asymmetric radical cycloisomerization reactions, further showcasing enormous synthetic potential of chiral radical catalysis. This Emerging Topic has focused on asymmetric radical cyclization reactions involving diverse chiral radical catalysts.
cyTRBC1 evaluation rapidly identifies sCD3‐negative peripheral T‐cell lymphomas and reveals a novel type of sCD3‐negative T‐cell clone with uncertain significance
Authors: Lu Cong , Li Mingyong , Fu Jun , Fan Xiaoming , Zhong Ling , Li Yanxin , Xi Qian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe flow cytometry‐based evaluation of TRBC1 expression has been demonstrated as a rapid and specific method for detecting T‐cell clones in sCD3‐positive TCRαβ+ mature T‐cell lymphoma. The aim of the study was to validate the utility of surface (s) TRBC1 and cytoplastic (cy) TRBC1 assessment in detecting clonality of sCD3‐negative peripheral T‐cell lymphomas (PTCLs), as well as exploring the existence and characteristics of sCD3‐negative clonal T‐cell populations with uncertain significance (T‐CUS). Evaluation of sTRBC1 and cyTRBC1 were assessed on 61 samples from 37 patients with sCD3‐negative PTCLs, including 26 angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma (AITL) patients and 11 non‐AITL patients. The sCD3‐negative T‐CUS were screened from 1602 patients without T‐cell malignancy and 100 healthy individuals. Additionally, the clonality of cells was further detected through T‐cell gene rearrangement analysis. We demonstrated the monotypic expression patterns of cyTRBC1 in all sCD3‐negative PTCLs. Utilizing the cyTRBC1 evaluation assay, we identified a novel and rare subtype of sCD3‐negative T‐CUS for the first time among 13 out of 1602 (0.8%) patients without T‐cell malignancy. The clonality of these cells was further confirmed through T‐cell gene rearrangement analysis. This subset exhibited characteristics such as sCD3‐cyCD3 + CD4 + CD45RO+, closely resembling AITL rather than non‐AITL. Further analysis revealed that sCD3‐negative T‐CUS exhibited a smaller clone size in the lymph node and mass specimens compared to AITL patients. However, the clone size of sCD3‐negative T‐CUS was significantly lower than that of non‐AITL patients in both specimen groups. In conclusion, we validated the diagnostic utility of cyTRBC1 in detecting sCD3‐negative T‐cell clonality, provided a comprehensive analysis of sCD3‐negative T‐CUS, and established a framework and provided valuable insights for distinguishing sCD3‐negative T‐CUS from sCD3‐negative PTCLs based on their phenotypic properties and clone size.
The impact of pretreatment symptom burden on long‐term quality of life following head and neck radiation: A prospective longitudinal study
Authors: Ladbury Colton , Wilde Taylor , Amini Arya , Xiao Yi , Maghami Ellie , Massarelli Erminia , Vora Nayana , Sun Virginia , Sampath Sagus 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study characterized the impact of baseline symptom burden on long‐term quality‐of‐life in patients receiving head and neck radiation therapy (RT).MethodsThe Vanderbilt Head and Neck Symptom Survey was collected prior to head and neck RT and at follow‐up visits. Responses were divided into symptom clusters of toxicities and scored from 0 (asymptomatic) to 10 (severe). Patients with responses at baseline and 1‐year or 2‐year follow‐up were stratified by scores ≤1 or >1 and compared using the Mann–Whitney U‐test.ResultsAt 1‐year follow‐up (n = 75), patients with higher baseline scores had greater symptom burden for every cluster except in taste/smell. At 2‐year follow‐up (n = 47), patients with higher baseline scores had greater symptom burden for every cluster except in nutrition, dry mouth, trismus, neck tightness, and hearing.ConclusionThe Vanderbilt Head and Neck Symptom Survey demonstrated a relationship between baseline symptom burden and long‐term quality‐of‐life and might be useful as a screening tool.
A note on the determinants of non‐fungible tokens returns
Authors: Panagiotidis Theodore , Papapanagiotou Georgios 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe aim to identify the determinants of non‐fungible tokens (NFTs) returns. The 10 most popular NFTs based on their price, trading volume, and market capitalisation are examined. Twenty‐three potential drivers of the returns of each NFT are considered. We employ a Bayesian LASSO model which takes into account stochastic volatility and leverage effect. The results indicate that NFTs returns are primarily driven by volatility and ethereum returns. We find a weak connection between NFTs returns and conventional assets, such as stock, oil, and gold markets.
Arterial blood pressure. Part 1: physiology and measurement in cats and dogs
Authors: Rollet Madelyn , Auckburally Adam , Elsom Jacqueline 
Published: May 2024

Background: Arterial blood pressure (ABP) is essential to provide adequate perfusion pressure and blood flow to tissues. Usually, ABP is tightly controlled through a variety of complex physiological mechanisms, and significant deviation of ABP from normal may result in end‐organ damage. Measurement of ABP is relatively straightforward and can be used to assess cardiovascular function and guide therapeutic decisions. Challenges in the interpretation of ABP may arise due to individual patient factors and may be dependent on the method of measurement.Aim of the article: This article is the first in a two‐part series and aims to review the physiology and measurement of arterial blood pressure in small animal practice. The second article, to be published in a subsequent issue of In Practice, will focus on the pathophysiology of hypotension and the options for treatment.
Reimagining writing: Integrating wicked problems into secondary writing instruction through a research practice partnership
Authors: James Carrie L. , McCarthey Sarah J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLiteracy scholars have called for writing instruction to promote civic engagement, student agency, and multimodal composing. This study addressed this call by describing a research‐practice partnership to reimagine writing instruction in a high school English course by incorporating human‐centered design challenges. Using case study methods, we describe the process to negotiate curriculum, the divergent ways teachers implemented it, and the positive impact it had on students' attitudes toward writing. Through a transliteracies lens, we found that negotiating a (re)designed curriculum means working through tensions that can lead to new ways of thinking about writing. The (re)designed instruction centered 21st century composing practices that were inherently multimodal and resonated with students' out‐of‐school composing practices. This led to a positive shift in students' attitudes toward writing. The study suggests that incorporating “wicked problem” design challenges has the potential to reimagine how we teach writing in secondary education.
Effect of femtosecond laser induced surface patterns on the flexural strength of monolithic zirconia
Authors: Okutan Yener , Gundogdu Yasemin , Donmez Mustafa Borga , Seker Huseyin , Kilic Hamdi Sukur 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTo investigate how patterns generated by femtosecond (fs) laser and femtosecond laser power affect the surface roughness (Ra) and biaxial flexural strength (BFS) of monolithic zirconia. Eighty disk‐shaped zirconia specimens were divided into eight subgroups (n = 10): Control (C), airborne‐particle abrasion (APA), 400 mW fs laser (spiral [SP(400)], square [SQ(400)], circular [CI(400)]), and 700 mW fs laser ([SP(700)], [SQ(700)], [CI(700)]). Ra values were calculated by using a surface profilometer. One additional specimen per group was analyzed with scanning electron microscopy and x‐ray diffractometry. BFS values were obtained by using the piston‐on‐3‐ball test. One‐way ANOVA and either Tukey's HSD (BFS) or Tamhane's T2 (Ra) tests were used to evaluate data (α = 0.05). Regardless of the pattern and power, fs laser groups had higher Ra than C and APA, while SP groups had lower Ra than CI and SQ groups (p ≤ 0.004). For each pattern, Ra increased with higher laser power (p < 0.001), while the laser power did not affect the BFS (p ≥ 0.793). CI and SQ groups had lower BFS than the other groups (p ≤ 0.040), whereas SP groups had similar BFS to C and APA (p ≥ 0.430). Fs laser microstructuring with spiral surface pattern increased the Ra without jeopardizing the BFS of zirconia. Thus, this treatment might be an option to roughen tested zirconia.
Dengue virus transmission risk in blood donation: Evidence from Thailand
Authors: Limothai Umaporn , Tachaboon Sasipha , Dinhuzen Janejira , Singh Jasleen , Leewongworasingh Akarathep , Watanaboonyongcharoen Phandee , Fernandez Stefan , Hunsawong Taweewun , Farmer Aaron R. , Tantawichien Terapong , Thisyakorn Usa , Srisawat Nattachai 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIndividuals infected with dengue virus (DENV) often show no symptoms, which raises the risk of DENV transfusion transmission (TT‐DENV) in areas where the virus is prevalent. This study aimed to determine the evidence of DENV infection in blood donors from different geographic regions of Thailand. A cross‐sectional study was conducted on blood donor samples collected from the Thai Red Cross National Blood Center and four regional blood centers between March and September 2020. Screening for DENV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1), anti‐DENV immunoglobulin G (IgG), and IgM antibodies was performed on residual blood from 1053 donors using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kits. Positive NS1 and IgM samples indicating acute infection were verified using four different techniques, including quantitative real‐time (q) RT‐PCR, nested PCR, virus isolation in C6/36 cells, and mosquito amplification. DENV IgG seropositivity was identified in 89% (938/1053) of blood donors. Additionally, 0.4% (4/1053) and 2.1% (22/1053) of Thai blood donors tested positive for NS1 and IgM, respectively. The presence of asymptomatic dengue virus infection in healthy blood donors suggests a potential risk of transmission through blood transfusion, posing a concern for blood safety.
Casein‐based nanocarriers for encapsulation of propolis extract: Design, fabrication, and characterization
Authors: Feizy Javad , Soleimanifard Mansooreh , Maestrelli Francesca 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundPropolis exhibits multiple biological and pharmacological properties attributed to the presence of natural bio active compounds. In spite of its potential healthy effects, its use in health‐food and pharmaceutical products is very restricted due to its intense aroma, highly unstable, low aqueous solubility, and low bioavailability. The purpose of this study is to fabricate an appropriate, stable, and biodegradable casein‐based nanocarrier as propolis delivery system. Propolis‐loaded casein nanocarriers were prepared at different propolis extract/caseinate ratio and assessed for physicochemical, structural, and thermal properties.ResultsThe nanocarriers showed an increase of particle size augmenting propolis extract/caseinate ratio and caseinate concentration. Image processing studies revealed an increase in L* parameter (89.743), while b* parameter revealed a reduction in the yellow color (14.655) increasing the amount propolis extract in the nanocarrier. Surface photomicrographs evidenced that an increment of propolis extract decreased the network compactness of the nanocarriers correlated with the lower entrapment of propolis extract into carriers at higher propolis extract/caseinate ratio. X‐ray diffraction pattern suggested that propolis encapsulation produced a decrement in the caseinate crystallinity while differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis thermograms evidenced an increment of thermal stability of nanocarrier with increasing propolis extract content.ConclusionPropolis extract encapsulated within casein nanocarriers represented convenient physicochemical attributes and could provide as bioactive load in food/medical system.
Effect of buffer pH on methane production and fermentation characteristics of three forages tested in vitro
Authors: Della Rosa Maria M. , Jonker Arjan , Janssen Peter H. , Reid Peter , Pacheco David , Muetzel Stefan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDLow rumen pH is proposed to be a major mechanism for low methane (CH4) emissions from sheep fed forage rape. However, it is difficult to separate this from other in vivo factors, such as rumen passage rate. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of pH alone on CH4 production in vitro using different pH buffers. Ryegrass, white clover and forage rape were incubated in vitro using three different incubation buffers with starting pH values of 5.5, 6.2 and 6.8.RESULTSDecreasing pH reduced overall in vitro CH4 emission relative to fermented hexoses (CH4/FHex) by up to 54% and overall fermentation by 40%. pH also changed fermentation profiles where the acetate + butyrate to propionate + valerate ratio decreased when pH decreased. Within the three forages, forage rape led to the lowest CH4/FHex, but only in pH 5.5 and 6.2 buffer, and this was enhanced when the pH fell below 6.CONCLUSIONReducing pH in vitro decreased CH4 production and overall fermentation across all forages. The lower pH reached by forage rape compared to ryegrass and white clover appears to drive the lower CH4 production relative to the extent of fermentation from forage rape compared to the other forages. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Investigating the effect of climate factors on fig production efficiency with machine learning approach
Authors: Sahın Demırel Ayca Nur 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study employs a machine learning approach to investigate the impact of climate change on fig production in Turkey. The eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm is used to analyze production performance and climate variable data from 1988 to 2023. Fig production is a significant component of Turkey's agricultural economy. Therefore, understanding how climate change affects fig production is essential for the development of sustainable agricultural practices.RESULTSDespite an observed increase in fig production between 2005 and 2020, potential yield may be negatively impacted by climate variables. Identifying the specific climatic factors affecting fig production efficiency remains a challenge. In the study, two different machine learning models are created: one for fig production yield per decare and another for fig production yield per bearing fig sapling. Eight climate variables (16 variables considering day and night values) serve as independent variables in the models. The models reveal that temperature change has the highest impact, with a percentage contribution of 41.30% in the first model and 43.90% in the second model. Thermal radiation (day and night) and 2 m temperature also significantly affect individually fig production. Wind speed, precipitation and humidity contribute to a lesser extent.CONCLUSIONThis study illuminates the intricate interrelationship between climate change and fig production in Turkey. The utilization of machine learning as a predictive tool for future production trends and an instrument for informing agricultural practices is a valuable contribution to the field. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Development of a diagnostic support system for the fibrosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease using artificial intelligence and deep learning
Authors: Preechathammawong Noppamate , Charoenpitakchai Mongkon , Wongsason Nutthawat , Karuehardsuwan Julalak , Prasoppokakorn Thaninee , Pitisuttithum Panyavee , Sanpavat Anapat , Yongsiriwit Karn , Aribarg Thannob , Chaisiriprasert Parkpoom , Treeprasertsuk Sombat , Chirapongsathorn Sakkarin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLiver fibrosis is a pathological condition characterized by the abnormal proliferation of liver tissue, subsequently able to progress to cirrhosis or possibly hepatocellular carcinoma. The development of artificial intelligence and deep learning have begun to play a significant role in fibrosis detection. This study aimed to develop SMART AI‐PATHO, a fully automated assessment method combining quantification of histopathological architectural features, to analyze steatosis and fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) core biopsies and employ Metavir fibrosis staging as standard references and fat assessment grading measurement for comparison with the pathologist interpretations. There were 146 participants enrolled in our study. The correlation of Metavir scoring system interpretation between pathologists and SMART AI‐PATHO was significantly correlated (Agreement = 68%, Kappa = 0.59, p‐value <0.001), which subgroup analysis of significant fibrosis (Metavir score F2‐F4) and nonsignificant fibrosis (Metavir score F0‐F1) demonstrated substantial correlated results (agreement = 80%, kappa = 0.61, p‐value <0.001), corresponding with the correlation of advanced fibrosis (Metavir score F3‐F4) and nonadvanced fibrosis groups (Metavir score F0‐F2), (agreement = 89%, kappa = 0.74, p‐value <0.001). SMART AI‐PATHO, the first pivotal artificially intelligent diagnostic tool for the color‐based NAFLD hepatic tissue staging in Thailand, demonstrated satisfactory performance as a pathologist to provide liver fibrosis scoring and steatosis grading. In the future, developing AI algorithms and reliable testing on a larger scale may increase accuracy and contribute to telemedicine consultations for general pathologists in clinical practice.