bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of first and second trimester ultrasound screening for fetal anomalies in the southeast region of Sweden
Authors: Hildebrand Eric , Selbing Anders , Blomberg Marie 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjective. To assess and compare the sensitivity for detecting fetal anomalies and chromosomal aberrations by routine ultrasound examination performed in the second trimester with results from an examination performed at 11–14 weeks gestation. Design. Observational study. Setting. Five centers in the southeast region of Sweden. Population. A total of 21,189 unselected pregnant women. Methods. The scan was performed at one center in the first trimester and at the remaining four centers in the second trimester. Outcome measures resulting from first trimester scanning were compared with those from the second trimester scanning. Main outcome measures. Detection rates of fetal structural anomalies and chromosomal aberrations. Results. At the first trimester scan 13% of all anomalies were detected, and at the second trimester scan 29% were detected. Lethal anomalies were detected at a high level at both times: 88% in the first, 92% in the second. The percentage of chromosomal aberrations discovered at the early scan was 71%, in the later 42%. The percentage of heart malformations detected was surprisingly low. Conclusion. The results showed the advantages of the later scan in discovering anomalies of the heart, urinary tract and CNS, and of the early scan in discovering chromosomal aberrations. Lethal malformations were detected at a high level in both groups, but detection of heart malformations needs improvement.
Sexual behavior and contraception among young Polish women
Authors: Olszewski Jaroslaw , Olszewska Hanna , Abacjew‐Chmylko Anna , Chmylko Lukasz , Gaworska‐Krzeminska Aleksandra , Wydra Dariusz 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjective. To analyze sexual behavior and the use of contraception among young women in Poland. Design. Cross‐sectional study. Population. 1,478 young women in higher (78.9%) and secondary (21.1%) education. Setting. Gdansk region in Poland. Methods. The data were gathered between September and December 2008 by the use of a questionnaire prepared for the purpose of this study, completed anonymously and in person by the young women. Results. Sexual activity had been initiated by 67.2% of the women studied at a mean age of 18.7 years (±1.97). Assessment was made of changes in their contraceptive practice between the time of sexual initiation and later sexual activity. Since their first experience of intercourse 67.0% did not change their contraceptive methods. As many as 40.1% continued using either low effective methods or no contraception. Early sexual initiation was linked to a significantly lower likelihood of highly effective contraception, more frequent unprotected sexual intercourse and more sexual partners (p < 0.05). Over half of women assigned to a ‘high‐risk’ group with regard to the chance of unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infection, declared that their behavior did not carry any risk, similar (p > 0.05) to those who did not have a history of hazardous behavior. Conclusion. Sexual behavior differentiates Polish women from the women in Western Europe. Despite the welcome tendency toward choosing reliable contraceptives, use of appropriate contraception is still insufficient.
Seedling dynamics at elevation limits: Complex interactions beyond seed and microsite limitations
Authors: García‐Camacho Raúl , Iriondo José María , Escudero Adrián 
Published: October 2010

• Premise of the study: Limited availability of seeds and microsites are important constraints for seedling emergence and survival. However, little is known about population‐level feedbacks between seed and microsite limitation and how these relationships vary in contrasting conditions. Focusing on Armeria caespitosa, a high‐mountain endemic, we asked whether seedling establishment was simultaneously limited by seed and microsite availability, whether the balance between seed and microsite limitations varied with contrasting environments, and whether seed and microsite limitations interacted with each other.• Methods: We studied seedling emergence and survival at the edges of the elevation range of A. caespitosa in central Spain over 4 years. We used mixed linear models and structural equation modeling.• Key results: Our results showed that A. caespitosa recruits similar numbers of new seedlings per plot in contrasting environments. Seedling emergence and survival in A. caespitosa were both limited by seed and microsite availability. Habitat suitability (the surrogate of microsite limitation) varied between populations and indirectly affected fertility (the surrogate of seed limitation).• Conclusions: Seedling emergence and survival are both seed and microsite limited, there are interactions between seed and microsite limitations, and both factors, which control seedling establishment, and their interconnections, vary among local populations.
Expanded Numbers of Circulating Myeloid Dendritic Cells in Patent Human Filarial Infection Reflect Lower CCR1 Expression
Authors: Semnani Roshanak Tolouei , Mahapatra Lily , Dembele Benoit , Konate Siaka , Metenou Simon , Dolo Housseini , Coulibaly Michel E. , Soumaoro Lamine , Coulibaly Siaka Y. , Sanogo Dramane , Seriba Doumbia Salif , Diallo Abdallah A. , Traoré Sekou F. , Klion Amy , Nutman Thomas B. , Mahanty Siddhartha 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
APC dysfunction has been postulated to mediate some of the parasite-specific T cell unresponsiveness seen in patent filarial infec-tion. We have shown that live microfilariae of Brugia malayi induce caspase-dependent apoptosis in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro. This study addresses whether apoptosis observed in vitro extends to patent filarial infections in humans and is reflected in the number of circulating myeloid DCs (mDCs; CD11c−CD123lo) in peripheral blood of infected microfilaremic individuals. Utilizing flow cytometry to identify DC subpopulations (mDCs and plasmacytoid DCs [pDCs]) based on expression of CD11c and CD123, we found a significant increase in numbers of circulating mDCs (CD11c+CD123lo) in filaria-infected individuals compared with uninfected controls from the same filaria-endemic region of Mali. Total numbers of pDCs, monocytes, and lymphocytes did not differ between the two groups. To investigate potential causes of differences in mDC numbers between the two groups, we assessed chemokine receptor expression on mDCs. Our data indicate that filaria-infected individuals had a lower percentage of circulating CCR1+ mDCs and a higher percentage of circulating CCR5+ mDCs and pDCs. Finally, live microfilariae of B. malayi were able to downregulate cell-surface expression of CCR1 on monocyte-derived DCs and diminish their calcium flux in response to stimulation by a CCR1 ligand. These findings suggest that microfilaria are capable of altering mDC migration through downregulation of expression of some chemokine receptors and their signaling functions. These observations have major implications for regulation of immune responses to these long-lived parasites.
Sialylation of 3-Methylcholanthrene–Induced Fibrosarcoma Determines Antitumor Immune Responses during Immunoediting
Authors: Cohen Merav , Elkabets Moshe , Perlmutter Michal , Porgador Angel , Voronov Elena , Apte Ron N. , Lichtenstein Rachel G. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Sialylation of tumor cells is involved in various aspects of their malignancy (proliferation, motility, invasion, and metastasis); however, its effect on the process of immunoediting that affects tumor cell immunogenicity has not been studied. We have shown that in mice with impaired immunoediting, such as in IL-1α−/− and IFNγ−/− mice, 3-methylcholanthrene–induced fibrosarcoma cells are immunogenic and concomitantly bear low levels of surface sialylation, whereas tumor cells derived from wild type mice are nonimmunogenic and bear higher levels of surface sialylation. To study immune mechanisms whose interaction with tumor cells involves surface sialic acid residues, we used highly sialylated 3-methylcholanthrene–induced nonimmunogenic fibrosarcoma cell lines from wild type mice, which were treated with sialidase to mimic immunogenic tumor cell variants. In vivo and in vitro experiments revealed that desialylation of tumor cells reduced their growth and induced cytotoxicity by NK cells. Moreover, sialidase-treated tumor cells better activated NK cells for IFN-γ secretion. The NKG2D-activating receptor on NK cells was shown to be involved in interactions with desialylated ligands on tumor cells, the nature of which is still not known. Thus, the degree of sialylation on tumor cells, which is selected during the process of immunoediting, has possibly evolved as an important mechanism of tumor cells with low intrinsic immunogenicity or select for tumor cells that can evade the immune system or subvert its function. When immunoediting is impaired, such as in IFN-γ−/− and IL-1α−/− mice, the overt tumor consists of desialylayed tumor cells that interact better with immunosurveillance cells.
Influenza A Infection Enhances Cross-Priming of CD8+ T Cells to Cell-Associated Antigens in a TLR7- and Type I IFN-Dependent Fashion
Authors: Wei Joe , Waithman Jason , Lata Roleen , Mifsud Nicole A. , Cebon Jonathan , Kay Thomas , Smyth Mark J. , Sadler Anthony J. , Chen Weisan 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
The initiation of antitumor immunity relies on dendritic cells (DCs) to cross-present cell-associated tumor Ag to CD8+ T cells (TCD8+) due to a lack of costimulatory molecules on tumor cells. Innate danger signals have been demonstrated to enhance cross-priming of TCD8+ to soluble as well as virally encoded Ags; however, their effect on enhancing TCD8+ cross-priming to cell genome-encoded Ags remains unknown. Furthermore, influenza A virus (IAV) has not been shown to enhance antitumor immunity. Using influenza-infected allogeneic cell lines, we show in this study that TCD8+ responses to cell-associated Ags can be dramatically enhanced due to enhanced TCD8+ expansion. This enhanced cross-priming in part involves TLR7- but not TLR3-mediated sensing of IAV and is entirely dependent on MyD88 and IFN signaling pathways. We also showed that the inflammasome-induced IL-1 and IFN-γ did not play a role in enhancing cross-priming in our system. We further demonstrated in our ex vivo system that CD8+ DCs are the only APCs able to prime TCR-transgenic TCD8+. Importantly, plasmacytoid DCs and CD8− DCs were both able to enhance such priming when provided in coculture. These observations suggest that IAV infection of tumor cells may facilitate improved cross-presentation of tumor Ags and may be used to augment clinical vaccine efficacy.
Molecular Basis of Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Björklund Peyman , Starker Lee F , Fonseca Annabelle L , Carling Tobias 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
During the past decade and a half, studies of genetic predisposition, parathyroid tumorigenesis, and molecular genetics of familial hyperparathyroid disorders have started to unveil the molecular basis of pHPT. Primary HPT is found in several distinct disorders with autosomal dominant inheritance such as in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), MEN2A, the HPT-jaw tumor syndrome (HPT-JT), familial isolated hyperparathyroidism (FIHPT), autosomal dominant mild hyperparathyroidism (ADMH), and neonatal severe HPT (NSHPT).
Pseudopheochromocytoma following Adrenal Hemorrhage
Authors: Rees Geraint J , Davies J Stephen , Scott-Coombes David M 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Pseudopheochromocytoma usually presents with the signs and symptoms suggestive of pheochromocytoma, yet investigations fail to show any evidence of the tumor. This case reports a man who presented with severe abdominal pain and hypertension without previous symptoms of anxiety, tremor or palpitations at the time of presentation. Initial 24 hours urinary metanephrines were raised which suggested a diagnosis of hemorrhage into a pheochromocytoma. Clinicians need to be aware of this scenario if unnecessary surgery is to be avoided.
Clomiphene Citrate or Letrozole for Ovulation Induction in Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Prospective Randomized Trial
Authors: Puri Randhir , Badawy Ahmed , Aal Ibrahim Abdel , Abulatta Mohamed 
Published: October 2010

Objective
To compare the effects of letrozole (5 mg) and clomiphene citrate (100 mg) for ovulation induction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Design
Prospective randomized trial.

Setting
University teaching hospital and private practice setting.

Patients
The study comprised a total of 438 infertile women (1063 cycles) with PCOS.

Intervention
Patients were randomized to treatment with 5 mg of letrozole daily (218 patients, 545 cycles) or 100 mg of clomiphene citrate daily (220 patients, 518 cycles) for 5 days starting on day 3 of menses. Timed intercourse was advised 24 to 36 hours after hCG injection.

Main Outcome Measure
Number of follicles, serum estradiol, serum progesterone, endometrial thickness, and pregnancy and miscarriage rates.

Results
The mean age, parity, and duration of infertility in both groups were similar. The total number of follicles was statistically significantly greater in the clomiphene citrate group (6.8 _ 0.3 vs 4.4 _ 0.4). Endometrial thickness at the time of hCG administration was statistically significantly greater in the CC group (9.2 _ 0.7 mm vs 8.1 _ 0.2 mm). The duration to reach a dominant follicle was statistically significantly longer in the letrozole group (12.1_1.3 vs 8.8_2.9 days). Ovulation occurred in 365 out of 540 cycles (67.5%) in letrozole group and 371 out of 523 cycles (70.9%) without a statistically significant difference. Levels of serum estradiol and progesterone were statistically significantly higher in the clomiphene citrate group. The pregnancy rate per cycle was 15.1% in the letrozole group and 17.9% in the clomiphene citrate group without statistically difference between the groups.

Conclusion
The results of this study did not show any advantage to the use of letrozole over clomiphene citrate as a first-line treatment for induction of ovulation in women with PCOS (Fertil Steril_2009;92:849-52. _2009 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine).
Histopathology of Nasal Masses
Authors: Dua Kapil , Chopra Neha , Mittal Vikrant , Chopra Hemant 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACT

Objective
Comparison of clinical and histopathological diagnosis of nasal masses.

Material and methods
A prospective randomized study conducted over a three years period on 100 patients of nasal mass selected from the inpatient department of Otorhinolaryngology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana.

Results
A variety of pathological condition (ranging from benign lesions to malignant tumors) can present as nasal mass. The results show that the final diagnosis can be established only on histopathology.

Conclusion
It is concluded that for proper evaluation of a nasal mass, clinical and histopathological evaluation should be done conjointly in all the patients. Histopathology always gives a confirmatory diagnosis. Although rare, unexpected clinically relevant findings may be identified during routine histologic examination of nasal mass specimens.
Nasal Mucociliary Clearance in Allergic Rhinitis in Children
Authors: Ranga Rupender K , Yadav Jyoti , Singh Jagat 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Allergic rhinitis in children is not an uncommon disease in India. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of allergic rhinitis on nasal mucociliary clearance. The nasal mucociliary clearance time (NMC) was studied using Andersen's saccharin method in fifty controls and fifty age and sex matched patients of allergic rhinitis. The nasal mucociliary clearance time in healthy controls was found to be 5.11 ± 1.51 minutes. A significant impairment (p < 0.01) in nasal mucociliary clearance time of 12.46 ± 3.74 minutes was observed in children suffering with allergic rhinitis, signifying that allergic rhinitis may predispose to sinusitis and pulmonary diseases.
Skull Base Chondrosarcoma: Is there a Role of Endoscopic Excision?
Authors: Kalsotra Gopika , Gupta Ashok K 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Skull base chondrosarcomas are rare and account for approximately 0.15% of all intracranial tumors. Management of these tumors is challenging because of their potential to recur, and their proximity to vital structures such as major vessels and cranial nerves. We describe five patients with chondrosarcoma of the skull base who were managed at our institute between January 2002 and December 2009.
Fungal Cerebral Embolic Infarction by Rhino-Orbitocranial Aspergillosis
Authors: Arora Vipin , Dash Anil 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Aspergillosis of paranasal sinuses is a rare infection with invasion of surrounding soft tissues, orbit and anterior cranial base. Eighteen years old immunocompetent man presented with gross facial swelling, proptosis and unilateral blindness. Histopathology was reported as invasive aspergillosis. The patient was given systemic antifungal therapy in the form of liposomal amphotericin B. He died of cerebral infarction by fungal embolism. Aspergillus fumigatus was the causative organism.
Inhaled Glucocorticoids in Rhinosinusitis: A Few Pharmacological Aspects, We Must Know
Authors: Thakur JS , Mohindroo NK , Sharma DR , Thakur Anamika 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Inhaled glucocorticoids are very effective for the management of seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis. Various glucocorticoids are available for inhalation therapy with varying affinity for the receptors. Inhaled glucocorticoids have very low incidence of systemic side effects at the usual therapeutic doses. In this review we have discussed the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and adverse effects profile of the commonly available inhaled glucocorticoids.
Nasal Saline Irrigation for Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Gupta Vipan , Singh Sunder 
Published: October 2010

Abstract

Background
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a very common disorder in ENT practice. There are many modalities available for the treatment and control of symptoms of allergic rhinosinusitis, varying from antihistamines, corticosteroids, mast cell stabilizers in oral and topical formulations.

Objective
The present study was planned to see the influence of nasal saline irrigation on symptomatology of chronic rhinosinusitis.

Design
Qualitative study using a questionnaire.

Methods
Nasal saline irrigation (NSI) was advised to 53 patients twice a day along with anti-allergic treatment. The control group consists of 47 allergic patients who received only anti-allergic treatment.

Results
The symptom score significantly (p < 0.001) improved in the group 1 patients using nasal saline irrigation along with anti-allergic treatment.

Conclusion
the results of the study suggest that concomitant use of NSI with anti-allergic treatment gives much more satisfactory results than with only anti-allergic treatment in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.
Bilateral Antrochoanal Polyp with Diabetes: A Rare Presentation of Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Gupta Monica , Gupta Manish 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Bilateral antrochoanal (AC) polyps have been rarely reported in english literature. Here we report the first case of an adolescent male with bilateral AC polyps, cystic fibrosis and diabetes. The case was managed successfully by functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). The patient has been under follow-up for the last six months with no signs of recurrence.
Paranasal Sinuses Fungal Balls in Children
Authors: Agarwal Sunita 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectiveRare cases of fungal balls of paranasal sinuses in children. No case has been reported in young children so far. However, allergic aspergillosis has been reported in young children.MethodA case report of 2 cases of fungal balls of paranasal sinuses in children and review of the current literature concerning fungal balls of paranasal sinuses in children are presented.Result2 cases of fungal balls in paranasal sinuses were diagnosed in children of 9 and 10 years respectively. Both of them presented with nasal obstruction and eye signs provisional diagnosis was based on CT scan findings. FESS was done and fungal balls were subjected to histopathological examination to rule out invasive fungal sinusitis, fungal staining and culture were done which confirmed the diagnosis of Aspergillosis.ConclusionTo our knowledge this is the first case report of fungal balls in PNS in children in otolaryngology literature. Both the patients were males with age of 9 and 10 years respectively.
A Novel Approach to Hemangiopericytoma of the Sinonasal Cavity
Authors: Shankar Amit 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Hemangiopericytomas of the sinonasal cavity are relatively rare tumors. Most of them are essentially benign though malignant potential and metastasis to distant sites has also been reported. Treatment options usually involve external approaches. We hereby discuss the combined endoscopic and transoral approach to these tumors.
Culture of HIV in Monocytes and Macrophages
Authors: Crowe Suzanne , Maslin Clare , Ellery Philip , Kedzierska Katherine 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMonocytes and macrophages constitute important cellular targets for macrophage‐tropic (M‐tropic) strains of HIV‐1 and are believed to play a major role in the pathogenesis of AIDS. This updated unit provides procedures for culturing HIV in these target cells under suspension and adherent cell culture conditions. The unit also provides methods for expanding M‐tropic primary isolates of HIV and determining the 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) of HIV stocks. Curr. Protoc. Immunol. 70:12.4.1‐12.4.13. © 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Au25(SG)18 2‐ and 4‐nm Gold Nanoparticles and Comparison of Their Size‐Dependent Properties
Authors: Wu Zhikun , Chen Jenny , Jin Rongchao 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA one‐pot synthesis of glutathione (denoted as ‐SG) capped gold nanoparticles, including Au25(SG)18 (ca. 1 nm in diameter) 2‐ and 4‐nm particles is reported. These nanoparticles are isolated by methanol‐induced precipitation with a controlled amount of added methanol. Except for their particle size, these nanoparticles have an identical chemical composition (i.e., gold and ‐SG content), synthetic history, and surface conditions, which allows for precise comparison of their size‐dependent properties, in particular the magnetic property as this could be attributed to contamination by trace iron impurities. Specifically, the structure, optical, and magnetic properties of these gold nanoparticles are compared. A trend from non‐fcc (fcc = face centered cubic) Au25(SG)18 nanoclusters (ca. 1 nm) to 2‐ and 4‐nm fcc‐crystalline Au nanocrystals is revealed. The Au25(SG)18 nanoparticles resemble molecules and exhibit multiple optical absorption peaks ascribed to one‐electron transitions, whereas the 4‐nm nanoparticles exhibit surface plasmon resonance at around 520 nm related to the collective excitation of conduction electrons upon optical excitation. The transition from the non‐fcc cluster state to the fcc crystalline state occurs at around 2 nm. Interestingly, both 2‐ and 4‐nm particles exhibit paramagnetism, whereas the Au25(SG)18 (anionic) clusters are diamagnetic. The information attained on the evolution of the properties of nanoparticles from nanoclusters to fcc‐structured nanocrystals is of major importance and provides insight into structure—property relationships.