bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Season length influences breeding range dynamics of trumpeter swans Cygnus buccinator
Authors: Schmidt Joshua H. , Lindberg Mark S. , Johnson Devin S. , Verbyla David L. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe breeding range of large‐bodied waterfowl nesting in the northern boreal forest is likely influenced by breeding season length. This may be particularly true for the largest species of North American waterfowl, the trumpeter swan Cygnus buccinator, due to the extended time period necessary to raise young to fledging. This species recently recovered from near‐extinction in the early 1900s to reoccupy historic breeding areas throughout the boreal forest in Alaska, although recolonization patterns may have been influenced by variation in season length over the same time period. This may have resulted in range expansion into areas that were historically unavailable due to an ice‐free period insufficient for successful reproduction. We used hierarchical occupancy models to analyze trumpeter swan survey data collected over the entire breeding range in Alaska during 1968‐2005. We fit models containing combinations of recolonization parameters, trend and latitude, and season length to these data to determine whether these variables explained the variation in occupancy across our survey area. Support for season length parameters would provide evidence that the recolonization process was partially related to the length of the breeding season. We expected that occupancy probability would increase range‐wide due to overall population growth, while occupancy would be greatest at mid‐latitudes, near the center of the species range. Because this population was recovering, we also expected that expansion would proceed outward from the range center. Our results indicated that habitat occupancy was positively related to season length, partially explaining the recently observed northward range expansion. Our results suggest that increases in annual temperatures due to climate warming would likely be associated with further range expansion in trumpeter swans and may have implications for other wetland obligates. Changes in species distributions will likely increase competition for breeding areas with potential negative effects on species not limited by season length. This may already be occurring in Alaska where the breeding distribution of trumpeter swans has begun to overlap with that of tundra swans Cygnus columbianus.
Invasion of eastern Greenland by the high arctic wolf Canis lupus arctos
Authors: Marquard‐Petersen Ulf 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe high arctic wolf Canis lupus arctos was exterminated from eastern Greenland during the 1930s by commercial hunters and was considered absent for 40 years. In this study, I examined the recolonisation of east Greenland by wolves from north Greenland through an invasion that began in 1979. The invasion successfully led to the establishment of a new population, because a wolf pair arrived into the core historical wolf range followed by one or two wolves during the next four years. Weight of evidence suggested that the invaders arrived into east Greenland through unintentional, human‐mediated jump dispersal. I present two cases of long‐distance dispersals by lone wolves following military sled patrols in northern Greenland. Wolves had likely failed to establish a viable population in east Greenland for 40 years for the following reasons: 1) a low propagule pressure, 2) invasions were high risk, occurring through vast areas of the lowest, large ungulate prey biomass reported for wolves in North America, and 3) only singletons made it into eastern Greenland.
Primary telangiectatic osteosarcoma of the cervical spine
Authors: Turel Mazda K. , Joseph Vivek , Singh Vandita , Moses Vinu , Rajshekhar Vedantam 
Published: January 2012

Telangiectatic osteosarcoma (TOS) is one of the 8 subtypes of osteosarcoma that infrequently affects the spine. The radiopathological features of TOS overlap with those of more benign entities, most commonly the aneurysmal bone cyst), and therefore is a significant diagnostic challenge. It is a rare but well-described entity in the thoracolumbar and sacral spine, and to the authors' knowledge has not been previously reported in the cervical spine.
The authors report the case of a 15-year-old boy who presented with a 6-month history of neck pain and torticollis. He underwent preoperative glue embolization followed by a staged subtotal C-5 spondylectomy and posterior fusion for a C-5 vertebral body lytic expansile lesion. Histopathological examination showed the lesion to be TOS. The surgery was followed by adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy with a favorable outcome at the 1-year follow-up. This report reiterates that TOS is an important differential diagnosis for aneurysmal bone cyst and giant-cell tumor of the spine, as its biological behavior and clinical outcome differ from those of these more benign lesions, which it mimics.
Production of TNF-α in Macrophages Activated by T Cells, Compared with Lipopolysaccharide, Uses Distinct IL-10–Dependent Regulatory Mechanism
Authors: Agbanoma Gideon , Li Ching , Ennis Darren , Palfreeman Andrew C. , Williams Lynn M. , Brennan Fionula M. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated that spontaneous TNF-α production by macrophages in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial tissue is largely driven by contact-dependent activation with T cells in that tissue. Whereas abundant IL-10 is present in these RA synovial cultures, it does not adequately control the production of TNF-α. In this study, we have compared the mechanisms involved in IL-10–mediated TNF-α regulation in LPS-stimulated macrophages with macrophages stimulated with activated T cells. We confirm that in LPS-stimulated macrophages the 3′ enhancer region of tnf is essential for tnf transcription, and its regulation by IL-10 is dominated by a STAT3-dependent pathway. However, in contrast, we have found that tnf transcription in macrophages stimulated by activated T cells or by RA synovial T cells does not require the 3′ enhancer region of tnf, and that its regulation by IL-10 is subsequently altered and clearly is not mediated by a dominant STAT3 pathway. These observations have very important implications for our understanding as to how IL-10 regulates TNF-α production at sites of chronic inflammation, such as the synovial tissue of patients with RA. Furthermore, these distinct IL-10 mechanisms will have bearing upon the identification of potential therapeutic targets in RA synovial macrophages where the activation stimulus is clearly not LPS.
Efficacy of Two Methods for Restorative Materials’ Removal in Primary Teeth
Authors: Bittar Daniela Gonçalves , Murakami Christiana , Hesse Daniela , Imparato José Carlos Pettorossi , Mendes Fausto Medeiros 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACT

Aim
This in vitro study aimed to compare the time required for removal, the presence of residues of restorative material, tooth structure loss and dental surface morphology after removal of composite resin and amalgam restorations from occlusal cavities in primary molars using conventional high-speed bur and CVDentus® ultrasonic diamond tips.

Materials and methods
A total of 37 primary molars were allocated into four groups: Group 1 (n=9)—amalgam restorations removed using high-speed bur; Group 2 (n=10)—amalgam restorations removed using ultrasonic tip; Group 3 (n=8)— composite resin restorations removed using high-speed bur; Group 4 (n=10)—composite resin restorations removed using ultrasonic tip. After being restored, teeth were sectioned and analyzed through stereoscopic microscope images before and after restoration removal. The structural loss was analyzed by software of image analysis, and an examiner assessed for the presence of residues. Scanning electron microscopy was used to evaluate the morphology. Time and structural loss values were compared using ANOVA, and the percentages of samples with residues using Fisher test.

Results
There was no statistically significant difference in the tooth structure loss among different methods and restorative materials, as well as in the presence of residues of restorative material. However, diamond burs were faster than the ultrasonic method for both materials. Differences in dental morphology were observed between the methods of restoration removal, but not related to the restorative material.

Conclusion
Both conventional high-speed bur and ultrasonic diamond tip methods remove similar amounts of tooth structure, but the removal performed with diamond tips in ultrasonic devices is slower.

Clinical significance
This study shows that both ultrasonic and conventional high-speed bur methods for removing restorations generate similar loss of sound dental tissue, but the former is slower.

How to cite this article
Bittar DG, Murakami C, Hesse D, Imparato JCP, Mendes FM. Efficacy of Two Methods for Restorative Materials’ Removal in Primary Teeth. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(5):372-378.
Digital health investment opportunities abound, but standouts deliver disruptive change
Authors: Burrill G. Steven 
Published: January 2012

The convergence of ubiquitous smartphones, wireless Internet, and low-cost monitoring devices, is driving the emergence of a new world of digital health. At the same time, cost pressures on healthcare are creating demand for new ways to not just improve the way patients receive information and care and the way doctors provide it, but fundamentally change the way they interact with each other.Â The article discusses a venture capitalist's approach to investing in the sector.Â
Processing of Fine Particles of Soft Metals by Extreme Extrusion
Authors: Fedorov V. T. , Hahn H. , Ivanisenko Yu. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe processing of fine dispersed powder particles in the diameter range from 10 to 0.1 µm of soft metals, such as Sn and In, using extreme extrusion (EE) was achieved using a specially designed device. The effect of fine dispersion of bulk metals appears at extrusion rates and pressures, which are one to two orders of magnitude larger than in conventional extrusion. It is proposed that the main mechanism of the fine dispersion using EE is melting due to the high strain rate deformation and the subsequent spraying of the liquid.
The histone deacetylase inhibitor, romidepsin, suppresses cellular immune functions of cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma patients
Authors: Kelly‐Sell Michael J. , Kim Youn H. , Straus Suzanne , Benoit Bernice , Harrison Cameron , Sutherland Katherine , Armstrong Randall , Weng Wen‐Kai , Showe Louise C. , Wysocka Maria , Rook Alain H. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractRomidepsin is the second histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) approved for the treatment of advanced stages of cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL). Recent in vitro data suggest that HDACis suppress immune function although these findings have not been confirmed in patients. Thus, we serially examined the cellular immune function of eight CTCL patients undergoing treatment with three cycles of romidepsin. We measured the patients' natural killer (NK) and dendritic cell (DC) function and performed an in vitro terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay to measure cellular apoptosis. Patients' NK cell cytolytic activity decreased from baseline to the third cycle of treatment (P = 0.018) but stimulation with a toll‐like receptor (TLR) agonist increased this activity (P = 0.018). At baseline, a TLR agonist could both activate patients' DC (P = 0.043) and stimulate interleukin‐12 protein production (P = 0.043) but both were suppressed after the first cycle of romidepsin. Finally, we observed increased specificity for romidepsin‐induced CD4+ tumor cell apoptosis and dose‐dependent increases in cellular apoptosis of healthy cells in multiple lineages (P < 0.05). These findings raise concern that HDACis suppress immune function in CTCL patients and they support the concurrent use of multiple immune stimulatory agents to preserve the host immune response. Am. J. Hematol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neuropsychological intra‐individual variability explains unique genetic variance of ADHD and shows suggestive linkage to chromosomes 12, 13, and 17
Authors: Frazier‐Wood Alexis C. , Bralten Janita , Arias‐Vasquez Alejandro , Luman Marjolein , Ooterlaan Jaap , Sergeant Joseph , Faraone Stephen V. , Buitelaar Jan , Franke Barbara , Kuntsi Jonna , Rommelse Nanda N. J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAttention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly heritable neuropsychiatric disorder that is usually accompanied by neuropsychological impairments. The use of heritable, psychometrically robust traits that show association with the disorder of interest can increase the power of gene‐finding studies. Due to the robust association of intra‐individual variability with ADHD on a phenotypic and genetic level, intra‐individual variability is a prime candidate for such an attempt. We aimed to combine intra‐individual variability measures across tasks into one more heritable measure, to examine the relatedness to other cognitive factors, and to explore the genetic underpinnings through quantitative trait linkage analysis. Intra‐individual variability measures from seven tasks were available for 238 ADHD families (350 ADHD‐affected and 195 non‐affected children) and 147 control families (271 children). Intra‐individual variability measures from seven different tasks shared common variance and could be used to construct an aggregated measure. This aggregated measure was largely independent from other cognitive factors related to ADHD and showed suggestive linkage to chromosomes 12q24.3 (LOD = 2.93), 13q22.2 (LOD = 2.36), and 17p13.3 (LOD = 2.00). A common intra‐individual variability construct can be extracted from very diverse neuropsychological tasks; this construct taps into unique genetic aspects of ADHD and may relate to loci conferring risk for ADHD (12q24.3 and 17p13.3) and possibly autism (12q24.3). Given that joining of data across sites boosts the power for genetic analyses, our findings are promising in showing that intra‐individual variability measures are viable candidates for across site analyses where different tasks have been used. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Responses to ethanol in C57BL/6 versus C57BL/6 × 129 hybrid mice
Authors: Lim Jana P. , Zou Mimi E. , Janak Patricia H. , Messing Robert O. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAlthough genetic background alters responses to ethanol, there has not yet been a methodical quantification of differences in ethanol‐related behaviors between inbred and hybrid mice commonly used in gene‐targeting studies. Here, we compared C57BL/6NTac × 129S6/SvEvTac F1 hybrid mice (B6129S6) with C57BL/6NTac inbred mice (B6NT), and C57BL/6J × 129X1/SvJ (B6129X1) and C57BL/6J × 129S4/SvJae F1 hybrids (B6129S4) with C57BL/6J mice (B6J), in five commonly used tests: continuous access two‐bottle choice drinking, intermittent limited‐access binge drinking, ethanol clearance, ethanol‐induced loss of the righting reflex, and conditioned place preference (CPP) for ethanol. We found that inbred B6J and B6NT mice showed greater ethanol preference and consumption than their respective hybrids when ethanol was continuously available. Within the intermittent limited‐access drinking procedure, though all lines showed similar intake over eight drinking sessions, the average of all sessions showed that B6NT mice drank significantly more ethanol than B6129S6 mice. In addition, B6J mice consumed more ethanol than B6129X1 mice, although they drank less than B6129S4 mice. No differences in ethanol LORR duration were observed between inbred and hybrid mice. Although ethanol clearance was similar among B6J mice and their respective hybrids, B6NT mice cleared ethanol more rapidly than B6129S6 mice. All lines developed CPP for ethanol. Our findings indicate that it may not be necessary to backcross hybrids to an inbred B6 background to study many ethanol‐related behaviors in gene‐targeted mice.
Bleach gel: A simple agarose gel for analyzing RNA quality
Authors: Aranda Patrick S. , LaJoie Dollie M. , Jorcyk Cheryl L. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractRNA‐based applications requiring high‐quality, non‐degraded RNA are a foundational element of many research studies. As such, it is paramount that the integrity of experimental RNA is validated prior to cDNA synthesis or other downstream applications. In the absence of expensive equipment such as microfluidic electrophoretic devices, and as an alternative to the costly and time‐consuming standard formaldehyde gel, RNA quality can be quickly analyzed by adding small amounts of commercial bleach to TAE buffer‐based agarose gels prior to electrophoresis. In the presence of low concentrations of bleach, the secondary structure of RNA is denatured and potential contaminating RNases are destroyed. Because of this, the ‘bleach gel’ is a functional approach that addresses the need for an inexpensive and safe way to evaluate RNA integrity and will improve the ability of researchers to rapidly analyze RNA quality.
DIFFERENCES IN LENGTH OF STAY FOR HIP REPLACEMENT BETWEEN PUBLIC HOSPITALS, SPECIALISED TREATMENT CENTRES AND PRIVATE PROVIDERS: SELECTION OR EFFICIENCY?
Authors: Siciliani Luigi , Sivey Peter , Street Andrew 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTWe investigate differences in patients’ length of stay between National Health Service (NHS) public hospitals, specialised public treatment centres and private treatment centres that provide elective (non‐emergency) hip replacement to publicly funded patients. We find that the specialised public treatment centres and private treatment centres have, on average, respectively 18% and 40% shorter length of stay compared with NHS public hospitals, even after controlling for differences in age, gender, number and type of diagnoses, deprivation and regional variation. Therefore, we interpret such differences as because of efficiency as opposed to selection of less complex patients. Quantile regression suggests that the proportional differences between different provider types are larger at the higher conditional quantiles of length of stay. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
AN EVALUATION OF THE UK FOOD STANDARDS AGENCY'S SALT CAMPAIGN
Authors: Shankar Bhavani , Brambila‐Macias Jose , Traill Bruce , Mazzocchi Mario , Capacci Sara 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTExcessive salt intake is linked to cardiovascular disease and several other health problems around the world. The UK Food Standards Agency initiated a campaign at the end of 2004 to reduce salt intake in the population. There is disagreement over whether the campaign was effective in curbing salt intake or not. We provide fresh evidence on the impact of the campaign, by using data on spot urinary sodium readings and socio‐demographic variables from the Health Survey for England over 2003–2007 and combining it with food price information from the Expenditure and Food Survey. Aggregating the data into a pseudo‐panel, we estimate fixed effects models to examine the trend in salt intake over the period and to deduce the heterogeneous effects of the policy on the intake of socio‐demographic groups. Our results are consistent with a previous hypothesis that the campaign reduced salt intakes by approximately 10%. The impact is shown to be stronger among women than among men. Older cohorts of men show a larger response to the salt campaign compared to younger cohorts, while among women, younger cohorts respond more strongly than older cohorts. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Concentrations and annual fluxes of sediment‐associated chemical constituents from conterminous US coastal rivers using bed sediment data
Authors: Horowitz Arthur J. , Stephens Verlin C. , Elrick Kent A. , Smith James J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractCoastal rivers represent a significant pathway for the delivery of natural and anthropogenic sediment‐associated chemical constituents to the Atlantic, Pacific and Gulf of Mexico coasts of the conterminous USA. This study entails an accounting segment using published average annual suspended sediment fluxes with published sediment‐associated chemical constituent concentrations for (1) baseline, (2) land‐use distributions, (3) population density, and (4) worldwide means to estimate concentrations/annual fluxes for trace/major elements and total phosphorus, total organic and inorganic carbon, total nitrogen, and sulphur, for 131 coastal river basins. In addition, it entails a sampling and subsequent chemical analysis segment that provides a level of ‘ground truth’ for the calculated values, as well as generating baselines for sediment‐associated concentrations/fluxes against which future changes can be evaluated.Currently, between 260 and 270 Mt of suspended sediment are discharged annually from the conterminous USA; about 69% is discharged from Gulf rivers (n = 36), about 24% from Pacific rivers (n = 42), and about 7% from Atlantic rivers (n = 54). Elevated sediment‐associated chemical concentrations relative to baseline levels occur in the reverse order of sediment discharges: Atlantic rivers (49%) > Pacific rivers (40%) > Gulf rivers (23%). Elevated trace element concentrations (e.g. Cu, Hg, Pb, Zn) frequently occur in association with present/former industrial areas and/or urban centres, particularly along the northeast Atlantic coast. Elevated carbon and nutrient concentrations occur along both the Atlantic and Gulf coasts but are dominated by rivers in the urban northeast and by southeastern and Gulf coast (Florida) ‘blackwater’ streams. Elevated Ca, Mg, K, and Na distributions tend to reflect local petrology, whereas elevated Ti, S, Fe, and Al concentrations are ubiquitous, possibly because they have substantial natural as well as anthropogenic sources. Almost all the elevated sediment‐associated chemical concentrations found in conterminous US coastal rivers are lower than worldwide averages. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.