bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The classical Hodgkin's lymphoma microenvironment and its role in promoting tumour growth and immune escape
Authors: Aldinucci Donatella , Gloghini Annunziata , Pinto Antonio , De Filippi Rosaria , Carbone Antonino 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIt has become clear that cancer is not merely a growth of autonomously proliferating cells, but that other non‐malignant cell types are a functional part of the disease. Immune cells, fibroblasts, specialized mesenchymal cells and microvasculature together make up the tumour microenvironment and have functional interactions with tumour cells. Classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (cHL) is characterized by only a few malignant cells and an abundance of inflammatory cells. Hodgkin and Reed–Sternberg (HRS) cells are surrounded by T and B cells admixed with plasma cells, macrophages, eosinophils and mast cells. A constitutive activity of NF‐κB and an altered JAK–STAT signalling pathway are part of the biological background associated with the increased expression of cytokines and cytokine receptors seen in HRS cells. Over‐expression of the members of the TNF receptor family, especially CD30 and CD40, is a hallmark of HRS cells. cHL is a tumour where aberrant cytokine production contributes not only to the proliferation of HRS cells but also to the maintenance of an appropriate environment for the tumour cells. In addition, several chemokines contribute to the composition of the inflammatory background in cHL. This review summarizes updated information on the complex interactions between the HRS cells and their tissue microenvironment and highlights the development of newer therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting the non‐malignant inflammatory/immune cellular components of HL that are involved in cancer cell growth and/or immune escape. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intratumoural cytogenetic heterogeneity of sporadic colorectal carcinomas suggests several pathways to liver metastasis
Authors: Sayagués José María , del Mar Abad María , Melchor Hermann Barquero , Gutiérrez María Laura , González‐González María , Jensen Evan , Bengoechea Oscar , Fonseca Emilio , Orfao Alberto , Muñoz‐Bellvis Luís 
Published: March 2010

AbstractMuch has been learned about the chromosomal abnormalities of colorectal carcinomas but the cytogenetic relationship between the neoplastic clones present in primary versus metastatic tumour samples remains unclear. We analyse the frequency of abnormalities for 47 chromosome regions using the interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization technique in a group of 48 tumours, including 24 primary colorectal tumours and 24 paired liver metastases. All tumours showed complex karyotypes with numerical/structural abnormalities for seven or more different chromosomes/chromosome regions both in the primary tumours and in their paired metastases. Chromosome 8 was the most frequently altered (22/24 primary tumours), consistently showing del(8p22) and/or gains/amplification of 8q24, followed by abnormalities of the entire chromosome 7 (21/24 primary tumours) and of chromosomes 17p and 20q (20/24 primary tumours). Simultaneous staining for multiple chromosome probes revealed the presence of two or more tumour cell clones in 23/24 cases (46/48 tumour samples). Interestingly, the liver metastases typically contained tumour cell clones similar to those found in the primary tumours, suggesting the absence of selective selection of specific tumour clones. Despite this, additional chromosomal abnormalities were detected in 23/24 metastatic tumours, which preferentially consisted of del(17p13) and gains/amplification of 11q13 and 20q13; moreover, compared to primary tumours, metastases showed an increased number of abnormalities of chromosomes 1p, 7q, 8q, 13q, and 18q, and new chromosomal abnormalities involving chromosomes 6, 10q23, 14q32, 15q22, and 19q13. Owing to the high frequency of numerical abnormalities of the entire chromosome 7 and loss and/or gain/amplification of specific regions of chromosome 8, eg del(8p22) and/or gains/amplification of 8q24 in primary colorectal tumours with associated metastases, it is suggested that their assessment at diagnosis could be of great clinical utility for the identification of colorectal cancer patients at higher risk of developing liver metastases. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Load bearing properties of three‐component polymer composites
Authors: Ahmed Ahsan , Fahim Atef , Naguib Hani E. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractMetal or solid polymer anchors are used as the load transfer components for foam and foam composites when they are used as the structural elements in design. The traditional method of fixation of these components is by fastening and adhesion. In this study, anchors were created in the form of inserts and were imbedded in the sandwich composite during the foaming process, resulting in the manufacture of three‐component composite. Flexure tests were conducted to study the effect of different geometries (rectangular, cylindrical, tapered/wedge shaped) and lengths of metal inserts on the strengths of sandwich composites. The stress strain response, mode of fracture of sandwich composite with metallic anchors was elucidated. The results showed that long tapered inserts imbedded in sandwich composite provide better load bearing and adhesion properties than other geometries. A model is presented that describes the relationship between stiffness reduction and progressive crack length of sandwich composite. Finite element analysis (FEA) of the interactions between the inserts and sandwich composites under different loads were carried out. FEA modeling and experimental results were in good agreement, thus validating the model. POLYM. COMPOS., 31:1731–1737, 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Electrochemically modified graphite nanosheets and their nanocomposite films with poly(vinyl alcohol)
Authors: Hu Huawen , Chen Guohua 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA novel, facile, and environment friendly approach based on electrochemical oxidation and ultrasonication was presented to prepare electrically conductive graphite nanosheets (GNs). The as‐prepared GNs with a large aspect ratio were then incorporated into poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) by solution compounding. The GNs can be well and stably dispersed in water medium without the need for polymeric or surfactant stabilizers because of the electrochemical modification and their PVA nanocomposite films exhibit enhanced electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties compared with pure PVA film. Electrical resistivity decreases by 4 orders of magnitude with a percolation threshold of ca. 6 wt%. A significant improvement in thermal stability of 45°C and a large shift in glass transition temperature of 14°C are obtained, together with improved mechanical strength and toughness with the optimal GNs loading. POLYM. COMPOS., 31:1770–1775, 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Mandibular dimensions and growth in 11‐ to 26‐week‐old Danish fetuses studied by 3D ultrasound
Authors: Hermann Nuno V. , Darvann Tron A. , Sundberg Karin , Kreiborg Sven , Jørgensen Connie 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo present normative data on prenatal mandibular morphology and growth.Material and MethodsFifty‐four normal fetuses (Danish Caucasian) were included in the study (gestational age: 11–26 weeks). Fetuses were scanned using a GE Voluson 730 Expert 3D scanner. Scans were visualized and analyzed using GE 4DVIEW™ software. Mandibular dimensions [base length (B), ramus height (H), and total length (L)] and the mandibular angle (φ) were measured, and the mandibular index was calculated. Method error was estimated by duplicate measurements. Growth was calculated by regressing measured variables on age.ResultsMandibular measurements were found to be reliable [precision: 0.5–1.2 mm (1SD)]. Mean mandibular variable values at week 11: B = 5.2 ± 2.5 mm; H = 2.7 ± 1.3 mm; L = 7.7 ± 3.2 mm; φ = 149 ± 6.0°; and at week 26: B = 22.6 ± 2.5 mm; H = 12.3 ± 1.3 mm; L = 33.1 ± 3.2 mm; φ = 135 ± 6.0°. A linear model described growth (Bg/Hg/Lg/φg) giving Bg = 1.2; Hg = 0.64; L = 1.7 mm/week; φg = − 0.9°/week.ConclusionNormative 3D data values for the human mandible in 11‐ to 26‐week‐old fetuses were presented. All measured mandibular parameters could be described using a linear increasing model from 11 to 26 weeks. All linear dimensions increased in size, while the mandibular angle decreased steadily during the observation period. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distributions of current and new first‐trimester Down syndrome screening markers in twin pregnancies
Authors: Koster M. P. H. , Wortelboer E. J. , Stoutenbeek Ph. , Visser G. H. A. , Schielen P. C. J. I. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectivesTo study the distributions of pregnancy‐associated plasma protein A (PAPP‐A), the free β subunit of human chorion gonadotrophin (fβ‐hCG), A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease 12 (ADAM12) and Placental Protein 13 (PP13) in first trimester twin pregnancies.MethodsSerum marker concentrations were measured in monochorionic and dichorionic twin pregnancies and singleton controls to study differences in multiples of the gestation‐specific normal medians (MoMs).ResultsMedian PAPP‐A and fβ‐hCG MoMs were 2.03 and 1.87 for monochorionic twins (n = 116) and 2.18 and 1.89 for dichorionic twins (n = 650). Furthermore, ADAM12 and PP13 MoMs were 1.66 and 1.56 for monochorionic twins (n = 51) and 1.64 and 1.53 for dichorionic twins (n = 249). No statistically significant differences between monochorionic and dichorionic twin pregnancies were found. Correlations between markers in these pregnancies did not differ from singletons.ConclusionFor first‐trimester screening, different parameters for monochorionic and dichorionic twin pregnancies is not necessary. Furthermore, if ADAM12 and PP13 will be adopted as screening markers, the presented median MoM values, standard deviations and correlation coefficients for twin pregnancies may contribute to a proper twin risk estimation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of rapid aneuploidy detection (RAD) in addition to karyotyping versus karyotyping on maternal quality of life
Authors: Boormans E. M. A , Birnie E. , Oepkes D. , Bilardo C. M. , Wildschut H. I. J. , Creemers J. , Bonsel G. J. , Lith J. M. M. van 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the impact of rapid aneuploidy detection (RAD) combined with fetal karyotyping versus karyotyping only on maternal anxiety and health‐related quality of life.MethodsWomen choosing to undergo amniocentesis were selected into group 1, i.e. receiving a karyotype result only (n = 132) or to group 2, i.e. receiving both the result of RAD and karyotyping (n = 181).ResultsThere were no systematic differences in time of RAD combined with karyotyping versus karyotyping only in terms of anxiety (P = 0.91), generic physical health (P = 0.76, P = 0.46), generic mental health (P = 0.52, P = 0.72), personal perceived control (P = 0.91) and stress (P = 0.13). RAD combined with karyotyping reduced anxiety and stress two weeks earlier compared to karyotyping only.ConclusionRAD as add‐on to karyotyping reduces anxiety and stress in the short term but it does not influence overall anxiety, stress, personal perceived control, and generic mental and physical health when compared to a karyotype‐only strategy. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
First trimester maternal serum placental growth factor in trisomy 21 pregnancies
Authors: Cowans N. J. , Stamatopoulou A. , Spencer K. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo examine placental growth factor (PlGF) levels in first trimester maternal serum in trisomy 21 pregnancies and to investigate the potential value of PlGF in a first trimester screening test.MethodsFirst trimester maternal serum from 70 trisomy 21 cases and 375 euploid controls were retrospectively analyzed for PlGF using a DELFIA® Xpress immunoassay platform. Results were expressed as multiples of medians (MoM) for comparison.ResultsPlGF levels were significantly decreased in pregnancies with trisomy 21, 0.76 MoM versus 0.98 MoM in controls. Inclusion of PlGF into the first trimester combined test [maternal age, pregnancy associated plasma protein‐A (PAPP‐A), free‐β human chorionic gonadotrophin (β‐hCG) and nuchal translucency] would increase the detection rate by 0.5% at a 5% false positive rate.ConclusionPlGF at 11 weeks to 13 weeks 6 days has the potential to be included as a marker for the detection of pregnancies with trisomy 21. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimating the prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in Portugal using a pharmaco‐epidemiological approach
Authors: Azevedo L. F. , Magro F. , Portela F. , Lago P. , Deus J. , Cotter J. , Cremers I. , Vieira A. , Peixe P. , Caldeira P. , Lopes H. , Gonçalves R. , Reis J. , Cravo M. , Barros L. , Ministro P. , Lurdes M. , Duarte A. , Campos M. , Carvalho L. , Costa‐Pereira A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractPurposeTo estimate inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) prevalence in Portugal from 2003 to 2007, and to obtain disease, sex and age specific estimates.MethodsA pharmaco‐epidemiological approach based on intestinal anti‐inflammatory (IAI) drugs consumption was used. Proportion of patients taking IAI drugs and mean prescribed daily dose (PDD) were estimated from a sample of 513 IBD patients. Assumptions were made about unknown parameters and sensitivity analysis performed: drug compliance (80% in base case; range 70–85%) and proportion of sulphasalazine used in IBD (52%; range 40–80%). Sex and age specific estimates were based on a proposed methodological extension and results from a nationwide (n = 5893) cross‐sectional study.ResultsIBD prevalence increased from 86 patients per 100 000 in 2003 to 146 in 2007. Regions more affected were Lisboa and Porto (173 and 163 per 100 000 in 2007, respectively). Prevalence increased from 42 and 43 per 100 000 in 2003 to 71 and 73 in 2007, respectively for ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). In 2007, prevalence was higher in the 40–64 age stratum for UC (99 per 100 000) and in the 17–39 stratum for CD (121). Prevalence was consistently higher in females.ConclusionsPortugal is half way between countries with the highest and lowest IBD prevalence, but is steeply making the road to the highest‐level group. Despite limitations of the proposed methods, assumptions were reasonable and estimates seem to be valid. Feasibility and comparability of this methodology makes it an interesting tool for future studies on IBD epidemiology. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Laboratory monitoring and adverse patient outcomes with antihypertensive therapy in primary care
Authors: McDowell Sarah E. , Coleman Jamie J. , Evans Stephen J. W. , Gill Paramjit S. , Ferner R. E. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractPurposeThe monitoring of serum electrolyte and creatinine concentrations in patients treated with antihypertensive therapy is recommended. We wished to examine the relationship between laboratory monitoring and adverse patient outcomes.MethodsWe carried out a retrospective cohort study using the General Practice Research Database (GPRD). Patients aged 18 years or older with newly diagnosed hypertension and prescribed a single antihypertensive agent were included. Monitoring was defined as any laboratory test for serum electrolyte and creatinine (or urea) concentrations within 6 months of starting treatment.ResultsWe identified 74 096 patients who were newly diagnosed with hypertension and prescribed a single antihypertensive agent. Twenty six thousand nine hundred forty six (36.4%) patients had any biochemical laboratory measurement within 6 months. Three hundred ten patients (0.4%) died, 1451 (2%) were admitted to hospital at least once and 29 749 (40.2%) discontinued their first course of antihypertensive treatment within 6 months. Patients were more likely to be admitted to hospital if their biochemistry had been monitored after beginning treatment (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.37; 95%CI 1.21–1.55). They were also marginally more likely to discontinue treatment (adjusted HR 1.04; 95%CI 1.02–1.07). They were not significantly more likely to die (adjusted HR 1.21; 95%CI 0.87–1.67).ConclusionsBiochemical testing at baseline and monitoring after starting treatment is often omitted in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients. Those patients who are monitored are more likely to be admitted to hospital and to discontinue initial antihypertensive therapy, but not to die. Many biochemical adverse drug reactions are found only by laboratory monitoring. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome and its controversies
Authors: Margetić Branimir , Margetić Branka Aukst 
Published: March 2010

AbstractPurposeNeuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a rare and life threatening condition usually defined as a complication of treatment with antipsychotics characterized by severe rigidity, tremor, fever, altered mental status, autonomic dysfunction, and elevated serum creatine phosphokinase and white blood cell count. The literature on this topic is rather extensive, but many aspects related to the syndrome are thought to be controversial. The aim of this paper, written with the clinician in mind, is to summarize some of the most prominent controversies that may have importance in usual clinical practice.MethodsThe literature was searched for reviews, reports on the series of cases, individual case reports of NMS, and other clinically and theoretically important information.ResultsThere are controversies associated with virtually all important aspects of NMS. At the moment, it is not clear if this drug reaction is idiosyncratic or not, what diagnostic criteria are the most appropriate for usual clinical practice, and it seems that the estimated incidence is not in accordance with the number of treated patients. There are rather different approaches to the pathophysiological mechanisms, differential diagnosis, and treatment.ConclusionsSome of the controversies related to NMS have an influence on our understanding of the condition and may have importance in clinical practice. There is a need for further research that should elucidate these controversies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and characterization of high‐temperature resistance polyimide foams
Authors: Pan Ling‐Ying , Zhan Mao‐Sheng , Wang Kai 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA new high‐temperature resistance polyimide foam was synthesized from 2,3,3′,4′‐biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (α‐BPDA) and p‐phenylenediamine (p‐PDA). The structures and foaming process of polyimide precursor powders were characterized by wide‐angle X‐ray diffractometer (WXRD) and the self‐made visualization device, respectively. The imidization degree, thermal mechanical properties and thermal stability of the polyimide foams with different post‐treatment temperatures were also measured by fourier transform infrared spectrometer spectrum (FTIR), dynamic thermal mechanical anaylsis (DMTA), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Results showed that the inflation onset temperatures of polyimide precursor powders ranged from 122 to 135°C with varying the heating rate. And the increase in the imidization degree, glass transition temperatures (Tg) and temperatures for 5 wt% mass loss of high‐temperature resistance polyimide foams can be achieved with increasing post‐treatment temperature. It was quite surprising to find that Tg of high‐temperature resistance polyimide foam post‐treated at 420°C was up to above 450°C, and the char yield at 800°C was more than 60%. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Gel‐spun polyacrylonitrile fiber from pregelled spinning solution
Authors: Tan Lianjiang , Liu Shuiping , Song Kunyang , Chen Huifang , Pan Ding 
Published: March 2010

AbstractPolyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers have been gel spun from pregelled PAN spinning solution. The pregelled solution had network structure with elevated spinnability, the as‐spun fiber from which had more circular cross‐section and reduced skin‐core difference. Drawing was more effective in inducing the segmental orientation and crystallization in gel‐spun fiber than in dry–wet spun fiber. The mechanical properties of the gel‐spun fiber were better than those of the dry–wet spun fiber after multi‐stage drawing. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Characterization of highly filled wood flour–polyvinyl chloride composites: Dynamic mechanical and dielectric analysis
Authors: Marathe D.S. , Joshi P.S. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractViscoelastic and dielectric properties of composites with polyvinyl chloride as major matrix constituent, ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) as polymeric plasticizer, and wood flour (WF) and fly ash (FA) as filler have been studied. The effect of variation of WF, FA, and EVA on storage modulus E′, loss modulus E″, and glass transition temperature, Tg has been evaluated using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Effect on permittivity ε′ and conductivity is evaluated using dielectric analysis. The results show considerable influence of constituents of the composite on the properties evaluated. DMA shows that WF contributes to an increase in Tg, E′, and E″ and a decrease in loss tangent, tan δ. The FA content has insignificant effect on these properties. Increasing WF content increases ε′. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Changes in lamellar arrangement of crystalline and flexible fluorinated transparent films with drawing
Authors: Fujimori Atsuhiro , Numakura Kazuya , Hayasaka Yuichiro 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn recent times, a “crystalline” and flexible optical waveguide candidate with excellent heat‐resistance and dimensional stability are developed. For the practical use of this crystalline optical film in the near future, an accurate control of the solid‐state structure is indispensable because of the necessity of reducing light refraction at the crystalline/amorphous interface. In this study, changes in the fine structure and lamella arrangement upon drawing poly[tetrafluoroethylene‐co‐(perfluoroethylvinylether)] (EFA) transparent crystalline films were investigated by using wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) and small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) methods. The EFA was crystallized as a lamella crystal in the films and formed a thicker lamella. Upon the drawing of the EFA films, four‐point SAXS diagrams developed in the photograph at through direction to the film, which implied that a particular type of layer structure, an alternately tilted lamella arrangement known as the herringbone, was formed. From the result of WAXD and SAXS measurements at edge direction to the film, it is found that formation of isotropic disordered lamella arrangement. Therefore, it is indicated that three‐dimensional lamella arrangement in this fluorinated transparent film forms uniaxially cylindrical symmetry. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers