bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sodium fluoride in otosclerosis treatment: review
Authors: Cruise A S , Singh A , Quiney R E 
Published: February 2010

AbstractObjectives:To review the current literature on the use of sodium fluoride in the treatment of otosclerosis.Design:A literature review was conducted, searching the Medline and PubMed database from 1966 to 2009, using the terms ‘otosclerosis’ and ‘fluoride’. Article abstracts were reviewed and relevant full articles acquired.Results:There has been only one double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the use of sodium fluoride in otosclerosis patients, and this found a reduced incidence of deterioration in hearing after two years in the treatment group. Several case–control series have described a hearing benefit in the sodium fluoride treated group. Treatment doses vary greatly, and there is no evidence regarding the optimum duration of treatment.Conclusions:There is low quality evidence suggesting that sodium fluoride may be of benefit to preserve hearing and reduce vestibular symptoms in patients with otosclerosis.
Evolution of nonlinearly coupled drift wave-zonal flow system in a nonuniform magnetoplasma
Authors: JOVANOVIC D. , SHUKLA P. K. , ELIASSON B. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe amplitude modulation of a finite amplitude drift wave by zonal flows in a non-uniform magnetoplasma is considered. The evolution of a nonlinearly coupled drift wave-zonal flow (DW-ZF) system is governed by a nonlinear equation for the slowly varying envelope of the drift waves, which drives (via the Reynolds stress of the drift wave envelope) the second equation for zonal flows. The nonlinear dispersion relation for the modulational instability of a drift wave pump is derived and analyzed. In a special case, the DW-ZF system of equations reduces to the cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation, which admits localized solutions in the form of DW envelope solitons, accompanied by a shock-like ZF structure. Numerical solutions of the nonlinearly coupled DW-ZF systems reveal that an arbitrary spatial distribution of the DW rapidly decays into an array of localized drift wave structures, propagating with different speeds, that are robust and, in many respect, behave as solitons. The corresponding ZF evolves into the sequence of shocks that produces a strong shearing, i.e. multiple plasma flows in alternating directions.
Finfish disappearances around Bohol, Philippines inferred from traditional ecological knowledge
Authors: LAVIDES MARGARITA N. , POLUNIN NICHOLAS V. C. , STEAD SELINA M. , TABARANZA DON GEOFF , COMEROS MIA THERESA , DONGALLO JESUS RAY 
Published: February 2010

SUMMARYLittle is known about local extinctions of finfish species in the most biodiverse marine ecosystem in the most marine biodiverse and anthropogenically threatened region on Earth. This paper examines coral reef associated finfish species that disappeared in the catches around the island of Bohol over the period 1950 to 2007, based on the only available data, namely traditional ecological knowledge. Generalized least squares (GLS) tests showed steep declines to zero among species formerly recorded in catches. Finfish species recommended as priority for further monitoring based on life history and disappearances in fish catch are giant grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus) and African pompano (Alectis ciliaris). Twenty out of the 21 species that disappeared from catches were moderate to very large-bodied, six were slow-growing fish and four were late-maturing fish. Species of large body size and subject to high fishing pressure may be particularly vulnerable. Traditional ecological knowledge when applied to population dynamics studies can add value to development of new monitoring methods. This knowledge can moreover inform the prioritization of species for fisheries assessment and conservation action.
Urban and rural perceptions of protected areas: a case study in Dandeli Wildlife Sanctuary, Western Ghats, India
Authors: TRIGUERO-MAS MARGARITA , OLOMÍ-SOLÀ MARC , JHA NAVEEN , ZORONDO-RODRÍGUEZ FRANCISCO , REYES-GARCÍA VICTORIA 
Published: February 2010

SUMMARYResearchers, governments and conservation organizations recognize that the long-term integrity of protected areas (PAs) in low-income nations depends upon the support of indigenous and rural communities that live within or around them. Thus, understanding the determinants of residents’ attitudes towards PAs might provide guidance in the design, implementation and evaluation of this strategic form of biodiversity conservation. This paper (1) compares urban and rural residents’ perceptions of the impact of a PA and (2) analyses the association between the perception of economic, social and environmental impacts, and overall attitude towards the PA. Information was collected among urban and rural residents living in the vicinity of the Dandeli Wildlife Sanctuary in the Western Ghats (Karnataka, India). Local residents’ attitudes towards the PA were mainly positive, especially among urban residents. Multivariate analysis showed a positive association between the perception of economic benefits and individual attitudes towards the PA. There was no statistically significant association between attitudes towards the PA and perception of social and environmental impacts. Future research should address whether positive attitudes translate into more sustainable behaviours.
The extent of injection site infection in injecting drug users: findings from a national surveillance study
Authors: HOPE V. D. , MARONGIU A. , PARRY J. V. , NCUBE F. 
Published: February 2010

SUMMARYInjection site infections in injecting drug users (IDUs) are associated with serious morbidity and healthcare costs. Factors associated with symptoms of these were examined through annual (2006–2008) unlinked-anonymous survey of IDUs in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Overall 36% (1863/5209) self-reported having a symptom with no trend over time (35% 2006, 37% 2007, 34% 2008). Symptoms were less common in the North East of England; increased with years injecting; and were higher in women, those recently homeless, those recently using a needle exchange, and those injecting both opiates and stimulants. Of those injecting during the previous 4 weeks (n=3733) symptoms were associated with: injecting daily; injecting ⩾10 times a day; injecting into hands, groin, or legs; sharing filters; and reusing water to flush syringes. Symptoms of injection site infections are common in IDUs. Better-targeted preventive interventions are needed, and continued surveillance should assist with assessing the impact of new initiatives.
The experience of being next of kin to an older person in the last phase of life
Authors: Andersson Magdalena , Ekwall Anna K. , Hallberg Ingalill R. , Edberg Anna-Karin 
Published: February 2010

AbstractObjective:The aim of the study was to investigate the experience of being next of kin to an older person in the last phase of life as narrated after the older person's death.Method:Qualitative interviews were performed with the next of kin (n = 17) to people aged 75 years and older who had recently died and had received help and/or care from the municipality in the last phase of life. Eleven women and six men participated, of whom seven were spouses, nine were children, and one was a grandchild. The interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis.Results:The experience of the next of kin could be understood asbeing a devoted companion during the transition toward the inevitable end, embracing the categories of living in the shadow of death; focusing on the needs of the dying person, making adjustments to everyday life; feeling the major responsibility; struggling with the health and social care system; and gaining strength from support.Significance of results:Being next of kin to an old person at the end of life means being a devoted companion during the transition toward the inevitable end, including the feeling of bearing the major responsibility and the need to be acknowledged by professionals. This study points to the importance of having access to professional care when it is needed, to complement and support the next of kin when his or her own resources and strength falter. This also includes support to enable the next of kin to remain involved in the care of his or her loved ones, thereby fulfilling their own wishes.
Art therapy with cancer patients during chemotherapy sessions: An analysis of the patients' perception of helpfulness
Authors: Forzoni Silvia , Perez Michela , Martignetti Angelo , Crispino Sergio 
Published: February 2010

AbstractObjective:Art therapy has been shown to be helpful to cancer patients at different stages in the course of their illness, especially during isolation for bone marrow transplantation, during radiotherapy treatment, and after treatment. The aim of this study is twofold: (1) to assess whether patients during chemotherapy sessions perceive art therapy as helpful and (2) to outline in which way art therapy is perceived as helpful.Method:157 cancer patients attending an Oncology Day Hospital (Siena, Italy) met the art therapist during their chemotherapy sessions. The art therapist used the same art therapy technique with each patient during the first encounter (“free collage”); afterward the relationship would evolve in different ways according to the patients' needs. A psychologist interviewed a randomized group of 54 patients after the chemotherapy treatment using a semistructured questionnaire.Results:Out of the 54 patients, 3 found art therapy “not helpful” (“childish,” “just a chat,” “not interesting”). The other 51 patients described their art therapy experience as “helpful.” From patients' statements, three main groups emerged: (1) art therapy was perceived as generally helpful (e.g., “relaxing,” “creative”; 37.3%), (2) art therapy was perceived as helpful because of the dyadic relationship (e.g., “talking about oneself and feeling listened to”; 33.3%), and (3) art therapy was perceived as helpful because of the triadic relationship, patient–image–art therapist (e.g., “expressing emotions and searching for meanings”; 29.4%).Significance of results:These data have clinical implications, as they show that art therapy may be useful to support patients during the stressful time of chemotherapy treatment. Different patients use it to fulfil their own different needs, whether it is a need to relax (improved mood) or to talk (self-narrative) or to visually express and elaborate emotions (discovering new meanings). Some illustrations of patients using the art therapy process to fulfill these three different needs are provided.
Health care staff's opinions about existential issues among patients with cancer
Authors: Browall Maria , Melin-Johansson Christina , Strang Susann , Danielson Ella , Henoch Ingela 
Published: February 2010

AbstractObjective:The objective of this study was to explore health care staff's opinions about what existential issues are important to patients with cancer and staff's responsibility when existential issues are raised by patients.Method:Four focus group interviews were conducted with health care staff (N = 23) at an in-patient hospice, on an oncology ward, on a surgical ward, and with a palliative home health care team. The focus group interviews focused on two questions, first, about health care staff's opinions about patients' important existential questions and, second, about health care staff's responsibility when existential issues are raised by the patient. The interviews were taperecorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed by qualitative content analysis into subcategories and categories.Results:Four categories and 11 subcategories emerged from the first question. The first category, “life and death,” was based on joy of living and thoughts of dying. The second category “meaning,” consisted of acceptance, reevaluation, hope, and faith. The third category, “freedom of choice,” consisted of responsibility and integrity, and the fourth and last category, “relationships and solitude,” consisted of alleviation, dependency, and loss. One category emerged from the second question about the health care staff's responsibility, “to achieve an encounter,” which was based on the subcategories time and space, attitudes, and invitation and confirmation.Significance of results:One strength of this study was that the findings were fairly congruent in different settings and in different geographical areas. Health care staff were aware of the importance of existential issues to patients. The existential issues, mentioned by health care staff, are similar to findings from studies conducted among patients, which is another strength of the present study. Health care staff are also confident about how to act when these issues are raised by the patients. The challenge for the future is to implement the findings from this study among health care staff in different settings.
Differences in quality of life modalities give rise to needs of individual support in patients with ALS and their next of kin
Authors: Olsson Anneli G. , Markhede Inga , Strang Susann , Persson Lennart I. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractObjective:The aim of this study was to examine health-related quality of life (HRQoL), individual QoL, anxiety and depression in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and their next of kin in relation to patients' physical function over time.Methods:35 patients and their next of kin were studied using the Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36), Schedule for Evaluation of Individual Quality of Life-Direct Weighting (SEIQoL-DW), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and patients also by the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised and the Norris scale every fourth to sixth month, one to four times.Results:Changes were found over time in both patients and their next of kin in the SF-36 but not in the SEIQoL-DW or HADS. Patients rated worse than their next of kin in the SF-36 physical subscales and next of kin rated worse than the patients in the global QoL score in SEIQoL-DW. Health, hobbies, and total relations were important areas in the SEIQoL-DW among all participants, but some important areas also differed between the patients and their next of kin. In most important areas among the pairs, the next of kin estimated their functioning/satisfaction worse than patients estimated their functioning/satisfaction.Significance of results:There were few changes over time in the QoL among the participants. Although most of the estimates in patients and their next of kin were equal, there were also some differences. These results emphasize the importance of support for both patients and their next of kin and that support ought to be given on both individual bases and together in pairs. The SEIQoL-DW might give signposts in the care through the course of the disease about what should be focused on to increase satisfaction of the important areas of life and might help the person to find coping strategies to handle his or her life situation.
Reducing the potential for suffering in older adults with advanced cancer
Authors: Thompson Genevieve N. , Chochinov Harvey M. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractObjective:To deliver quality care at the end of life, understanding the impact of various changes and life transitions that occur in older age is essential. This review seeks to uncover potential sources of distress in an elder's physical, psychological, social, and spiritual well-being to shed light on the unique challenges and needs facing this age group.Methods:Papers relating to older adults (aged 65 years and older or a mean age of 65 years and older) with advanced/terminal cancer receiving palliative, hospice, or end-of-life care published after 1998 were reviewed.Results:Older adults with advanced cancer have unique needs related to changes in their physical, psychological, social, and spirituals well-being. Changes in each of these domains offer not only the risk of causing distress but also the potential for growth and development during the final stages of advanced cancer.Significance of results:Being aware of the various changes that occur with aging will help health care professionals tailor interventions to promote dignity-conserving care and greatly reduce the potential for suffering at the end of life.
Bereavement Dream? Successful antidepressant treatment for bereavement-related distressing dreams in patients with major depression
Authors: Ishida Mayumi , Onishi Hideki , Wada Mei , Wada Tomomi , Wada Makoto , Uchitomi Yosuke , Nomura Shinobu 
Published: February 2010

AbstractObjective:The death of a person is a stressful event. Such stress affects the physical and psychological well-being of the bereaved. As an associated mental disorder, major depressive disorder (MDD) is common. Some dream of the deceased, and these dreams are called bereavement dreams. Some MDD patients also experience dreams. These two types of dreams are sometimes difficult to differentiate. The dream of the bereaved might be only a bereavement-related dream, yet it might be a symptom of MDD. Herein, we report one patient who had distressing dreams after the death of her mother.Methods:A 63-year-old woman was referred for psychiatric consultation because of generalized fatigue and insomnia. Questioning her about recent events, she said that her mother had died of colonic carcinoma 5 months previously. Two months after the death, she suddenly started dreaming of her mother, getting angry with her almost every night. Generalized fatigue, insomnia, and distressing dreams appeared simultaneously. The dream caused much distress, making her afraid to fall asleep.Results:Her psychiatric features fulfilled the DSM-IV-TR criteria for MDD, single episode. The death of her mother was considered to be one of the causes of MDD. She was administered 25 mg/day of sertraline hydrochloride. After that, her symptoms gradually disappeared, and the frequency of distressing dreams was reduced. Five months later, physical and psychiatric symptoms of MDD were completely resolved. Subsequently, she has not suffered from any distressing dreams of her mother.Significance of results:This case indicates that dreams experienced after the death of a loved one should not be regarded simply as bereavement dreams. Some of the dreams may be symptoms of MDD. If the dreams are the symptoms of MDD, antidepressant treatment as well as psychotherapy may be useful. Therefore, we should avoid regarding symptoms of MDD as reactions to bereavement.
Taking the “Boulder” Step From Static to Dynamic Geoid: 2009 Workshop on Monitoring North American Geoid Change; Boulder, Colorado, 21–23 October 2009
Authors: Smith Dru , Edwards Karla 
Published: February 2010

As coastal communities are increasingly affected by sea level rise and flooding from extreme weather events, and as less evident (yet significant) tectonic shifts reshape the North American continent, the need for elevation data that are accurate, consistent, updated, and easily accessible has become critical. Currently, however, the vertical datums in North America are defined by tide gauge and leveling observations, which inevitably become outdated and are costly to replace or repeat. Therefore, two North American governments (Canada and United States) have resolved that the next generation of their national vertical datums will be geoid‐ based and accessible through Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) technology.To adequately serve as the reference surface for a future vertical datum, the geoid must be modeled accurately and its changes over time must be monitored. But what mix of tools and techniques could fulfill this requirement? To address this question and to plan for a campaign to monitor North American geoid change, experts from North America (including United States, Canada, and Mexico) and Europe specializing in satellite and terrestrial gravimetry as well as satellite positioning convened in Colorado.
Residents, Decision Makers, and Scientists Discuss Volcanic Hazard in Colombia: Knowledge Sharing and Collaboration in Volcanic Risk Mitigation at Galeras Volcano, Colombia; Pasto, Colombia, 6–11 July 2009
Authors: Sheridan Michael F. , Cordoba Gustavo 
Published: February 2010

Galeras volcano, located in southwestern Colombia, imposes several hazards on the surrounding population: pyroclastic flows, lahars, ashfall, and shock waves. The current hazard map shows three zones: high, medium, and low (see A. D. Hurtado Artunduaga and G. P. Cortés Jiménez, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 77, 89–100, 1997). The pyroclastic flow hazard on this map defines the Zone of High Volcanic Hazard (ZAVA) for civil authorities.Current activity of Galeras has provoked two contentious issues related to hazard management: (1) Decision makers announce an evacuation order of ZAVA whenever the volcanic alert reaches a high level, and (2) the Colombian government initiated a relocation program for the inhabitants within ZAVA (Colombian Decrees‐Laws 4106 and 3905). However, communities within ZAVA refuse to obey both the evacuation orders and the relocation process. To help resolve this situation, the University of Nariño (Colombia) and the State University of New York at Buffalo organized a workshop, which was sponsored by the U.S. National Science Foundation. A daily average of 92 people attended, including residents of ZAVA, decision makers, Colombian technical and scientific personnel, international scientists and researchers, students, and academics from the University of Nariño.
Blazing New Paths for Inter disciplinary Hydrology
Authors: Wilson Jennifer S. , Hermans Caroline , Sivapalan Murugesu , Vörösmarty Charles J. 
Published: February 2010

As society tackles climate change adaptation and planning, community and regional managers are turning to science for answers. The role of water, and thus hydrologists, is central to many pressing questions.Faced with concerns about water resource availability and quality degradation, society needs information on hydrologic processes at the catchment scale and smaller; although the community has significantly improved its understanding of such processes, there is a need for a new and integrative foundation of knowledge. Hydrology must not only reach beyond disciplinary boundaries but also forge broad connections with natural and social sciences to make useful water cycle predictions at regional and global scales.
Seismic Tomography of Erebus Volcano, Antarctica
Authors: Zandomeneghi Daria , Kyle Philip , Miller Pnina , Passcal Iris , Snelson Catherine , Aster Richard 
Published: February 2010

Mount Erebus (77°32′S, 167°10′E; elevation 3794 meters) is the most active volcano in Antarctica and is well known for its persistent lava lake. The lake constitutes an “open window” into the conduit and underlying feeding system and offers a rare opportunity to observe a shallow convecting magmatic system.Imaging and modeling of the internal structure of Erebus volcano are best done through compiling information from arrays of seismometers positioned strategically around the volcano. From these data, the three‐dimensional (3‐D) structure of the conduit can be pieced together. Building this 3‐D model of Erebus was a main goal of the seismic tomographic experiment Tomo Erebus (TE). During the 2007–2008 austral field season, 23 intermediate‐period seismometers were installed to contribute data, through the winter, for the passive‐source aspect of the experiment. One year later, 100 three‐component short‐period stations were deployed to record 16 chemical blasts (see Figure 1).