bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A fast LP‐based solution to the production planning problem with capacity constraints including setup considerations
Authors: Padron Mario , Resto Pedro , Muñoz Jennifer 
Published: January 2012

PurposeResource capacity and product changeovers must be both considered in the preparation of a realistic production plan. The purpose of this paper is to present a heuristic for enforcing resource availability and the accompanying changeover realities into a continuous‐variable linear programming formulation that would otherwise require a mixed‐integer model. The results from both approaches are compared in terms of objective function values and computational requirements; the effectiveness of the heuristic approach is demonstrated.Design/methodology/approachA case study search was conducted to identify relevant data sets that could be used to exercise the optimization and heuristic models. The case studies found in the literature were too small and simple compared to the problem complexity desired. The authors developed a case study based on the development of a production plan for a typical flashlight. It includes two end‐products that differ in their bills of materials and process requirements. Basic processes include plastic part preparation and final assembly; various raw materials with pre‐defined lead times are purchased from external suppliers. The results of the LP‐based heuristic and the mixed‐integer programming (MIP) optimization algorithm are then compared through a statistical experiment. The experiment includes four factors: number of products, number of periods, number of machines, and percentage line capacity utilization.FindingsWhen a MIP algorithm is applied to obtain the results, most of the time the planner would have to wait days or even weeks for the algorithm to provide a solution. However, the authors' linear programming‐based procedure provides the same quality of solution in minutes and for some problems in seconds.Originality/valueThe originality of the heuristic approach resides on the avoidance of the lengthy MIP computer runs. At each iteration, the authors solve the LP production planning problem without changeover considerations, and then subtract from the original capacity the time associated with the changeovers resulting from the last LP solution. After a small number of iterations the heuristic always converges to the optimal MIP solution. The contribution of this research can be appreciated by someone who is using this tool to generate a production plan in a real world factory where setups are important and the results can immediately suggest changes to some of the assumptions or parameters used in the planning exercise.
China‐Germany commodity trade and the S‐curve
Authors: Bahmani‐Oskooee Mohsen , Xi Dan 
Published: January 2012

PurposeImpact of currency depreciation or devaluation on the trade balance is not instantaneous. Indeed, because of adjustment lags favorable effects of depreciation is only realized in the future. This short‐run dynamics of the trade balance is summarized by the S‐Curve phenomenon. The purpose of this paper is to test this phenomenon by using commodity level data between China and Germany.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology is based on cross‐correlation function.FindingsOut of 62 industries studied, only 22 support the S‐Curve or enjoy improvement in their trade balance in the future. The list included small and large industries as well as durable and non‐durable goods.Originality/valueNo study in the literature has considered commodity level trade between China and Germany.
The limits of guanxi from the perspective of the Israeli diamond industry
Authors: Berger Ron , Herstein Ram 
Published: January 2012

PurposeRecognizing the significant impact of guanxi (the Chinese network of reciprocal business relations) and its influence on everyday dealings in China is important for Western firms. Researchers argue that social capital has limits and is not a commodity that has a place in China aspiring to be a global business hub. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to deal with the question of whether guanxi still matters in the Chinese business arena, and if so, to what extent.Design/methodology/approachTo illustrate the evolutional direction of the Chinese institutional system, the authors compare it to a similar system that went through the evolutionary cycle from a social to a rational institutional base of exchange and discuss what one can learn from the institutional evolution process of the global diamond industry and its implications for the current evolution of Chinese institutions. The authors compare two similar cultures/religions, Judaism and Confucianism.FindingsThis study found parallels between the evolution of the Israeli diamond industry, dominated by Orthodox Jews, from a social exchange mechanism to a transactional mechanism and the present ongoing rationalization of the Chinese economy, dominated by the Confucianism culture from a social to a transactional business mechanism.Originality/valueDespite the vast efforts of researchers in the area of guanxi, there is very little published knowledge about its limitations and its usefulness in today's changing business environment. This paper contributes to the existing literature on the future aspects of guanxi from a unique perspective – the evolution of the Israeli diamond industry.
The historical development of segmentation: the example of the German book trade 1800‐1928
Authors: Fullerton Ronald A. 
Published: January 2012

PurposeUsing the German book trade as a case example, the aim of the paper is to show how the evolution of segmentation began with increasingly sophisticated marketing practice long before formal thought was developed to explain matters.Design/methodology/approachThe paper's approach is a careful and critical examination of exclusively primary sources.FindingsMarketing practice developed increasingly sophisticated segmentation over the 100 years before there was formal marketing thought about it. Marketing thought developed in part because the growth of universities stimulated the development of formal disciplines, and in part because businesspeople wanted to accelerate learning what they should do to grow their businesses.Originality/valueThe paper is based on an in‐depth examination of one of the first businesses to adopt aggressive marketing.
Early schools of marketing thought and marketplace evolution
Authors: Powers Thomas L. 
Published: January 2012

PurposeThe marketplace evolution associated with the development of the electronic marketplace provides the marketing discipline with a unique opportunity to examine the value of its early literature in the context of a changing market environment. The purpose of this paper is to use the early marketing literature to develop theoretical propositions related to the internet marketplace.Design/methodology/approachSeminal marketing thought is reviewed and used to provide a conceptual understanding of various aspects of electronic commerce.FindingsPerspectives from the commodity, functional, regional, institutional, and functionalist schools of marketing are used to explain the evolution of the electronic marketplace as well as to provide propositions to guide future research.Originality/valueThe application of historical marketing thought to a contemporary business situation serves to validate the robustness of the early literature and demonstrates its ongoing value and usefulness to the discipline.
The 2S albumin allergens of Arachis hypogaea, Ara h 2 and Ara h 6, are the major elicitors of anaphylaxis and can effectively desensitize peanut‐allergic mice
Authors: Kulis M. , Chen X. , Lew J. , Wang Q. , Patel O. P. , Zhuang Y. , Murray K. S. , Duncan M. W. , Porterfield H. S. , W. Burks A. , Dreskin S. C. 
Published: January 2012

SummaryBackgroundAra h 2 and Ara h 6, co‐purified together in a 13–25 kD fraction (Ara h 2/6; 20 kD fraction) on gel filtration chromatography, account for the majority of effector activity in a crude peanut extract (CPE) when assayed with RBL SX‐38 cells sensitized with IgE from human peanut allergic sera.ObjectivesTo determine if Ara h 2/6 are the primary peanut allergens responsible for allergic reactions in vivo and to determine if Ara h 2/6 would be sufficient to prevent allergic reactions to a complete CPE.MethodsAn oral sensitization mouse model of peanut allergy was used to assess the activity of Ara h 2/6 (20 kD) and CPE without the 20 kD fraction (CPE w/o 20 kD) for allergic provocation challenge and immunotherapy. The activity of these preparations was also tested in an assay of histamine release from human basophils in whole blood.ResultsCompared with mice challenged with control CPE, mice challenged with CPE w/o 20 kD experienced reduced symptoms (P < 0.05) and a smaller decrease in body temperature (P < 0.01). Results with the basophil histamine release assay corroborated these findings (P < 0.01). The mouse model was also used to administer Ara h 2/6 (20 kD) in an immunotherapy protocol, in which peanut‐allergic mice treated with the 20 kD fraction experienced significantly reduced symptoms, changes in body temperature, and mast cell protease (MMCP‐1) release compared with placebo (P < 0.01 for all parameters). Importantly, immunotherapy with the 20 kD fraction was just as effective as treatment with CPE, whereas CPE w/o 20 kD was significantly less effective for higher dose peanut challenges.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceAra h 2/6 are the most potent peanut allergens in vivo and can be used to desensitize peanut‐allergic mice. These results have potential implications for clinical research in the areas of diagnosis and immunotherapy for peanut allergy.
What is severe asthma?
Authors: Blakey J. D. , Wardlaw A. J. 
Published: January 2012

SummaryAsthma is common, and some individuals are severely affected by it. Learned institutions have sought to provide a definition of ‘severe asthma’ to facilitate research and clinical care. This is a challenging undertaking given the difficulty in defining asthma and the lack of supportive evidence for a distinct severe asthma phenotype. In this review, we discuss the rationale for a definition of severe asthma and the relative merits of the sequential attempts that have been made to produce such a definition. The difficulty in disentangling control and severity is highlighted, as is the heterogeneity of phenotype in severe asthma, and potential for misclassification. We conclude that the search for a singular definition of severe asthma is problematic, though likely to continue. We suggest the alternative strategy of using classifiers with a specific aim related to symptoms, pathophysiology or service provision.
Effects of zooplankton dynamics on epilimnetic phosphorus loss
Authors: PITSCH MATTHIAS , AWASSI VIVIANE , SUSKO EMILY , HÜLSMANN STEPHAN 
Published: January 2012

Summary1. Our aim was to analyse the impact of zooplankton dynamics on the relative importance of two mechanisms contributing to the loss of phosphorus (P) from the epilimnion of stratified lakes: net population incorporation into zooplankton biomass and P sedimentation.2. We established enclosures without Daphnia (control), with a growing Daphnia population (treatment D) and with a high, stable Daphnia population (treatment D+). The P incorporated in zooplankton biomass and sedimented was measured at short intervals over a period of 17 days.3. In both Daphnia treatments, sedimentation increased and the P content of sedimented matter was higher than in the control and highest in D+. The P loss by sedimentation between day 3 and 17 was generally high (>25%, >1.8% day−1) with particularly high values in D+ (∼60%, 4.3% day−1). Phosphorus sedimentation was higher in the zooplankton treatments, although the contribution of exuviae and dead Daphnia was minor. Faecal material was probably a major component of sedimentation.4. By contrast, the amount of P in zooplankton (mainly Daphnia) biomass increased in D but remained constant in D+. Phosphorus loss owing to net population incorporation was generally low and ranged up to 6.5% (0.5% day−1) in treatment D. A positive relationship between Daphnia dry mass and P sedimentation, as well as P incorporation, was found.5. Sedimentation is evidently an important cause of P loss from the epilimnion where Daphnia is abundant. By contrast, P incorporation into Daphnia biomass may only become an important loss factor when the population is growing.
The use of cone‐beam computed tomography and virtual reality simulation for pre‐surgical practice in endodontic microsurgery
Authors: Suebnukarn S. , Rhienmora P. , Haddawy P. 
Published: January 2012

Suebnukarn S, Rhienmora P, Haddawy P. The use of cone‐beam computed tomography and virtual reality simulation for pre‐surgical practice in endodontic microsurgery. International Endodontic Journal, 45, 627–632, 2012.AbstractAim  To design and evaluate the impact of virtual reality (VR) pre‐surgical practice on the performance of actual endodontic microsurgery.Methodology  The VR system operates on a laptop with a 1.6‐GHz Intel processor and 2 GB of main memory. Volumetric cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) data were acquired from a fresh cadaveric porcine mandible prior to endodontic microsurgery. Ten inexperienced endodontic trainees were randomized as to whether they performed endodontic microsurgery with or without virtual pre‐surgical practice. The VR simulator has microinstruments to perform surgical procedures under magnification. After the initial endodontic microsurgery, all participants served as their own controls by performing another procedure with or without virtual pre‐surgical practice. All procedures were videotaped and assessed by two independent observers using an endodontic competency rating scale (from 6 to 30).Results  A significant difference was observed between the scores for endodontic microsurgery on molar teeth completed with virtual pre‐surgical practice and those completed without virtual presurgical practice, median 24.5 (range = 17–28) versus median 18.75 (range = 14–26.5), P = 0.041. A significant difference was observed between the scores for osteotomy on a molar tooth completed with virtual pre‐surgical practice and those completed without virtual pre‐surgical practice, median 4.5 (range = 3.5–4.5) versus median 3 (range = 2–4), P = 0.042.Conclusions  Pre‐surgical practice in a virtual environment using the 3D computerized model generated from the original CBCT image data improved endodontic microsurgery performance.
Abnormal repetitive behaviours: shared phenomenology and pathophysiology
Authors: Muehlmann A. M. , Lewis M. H. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackground  Self‐injurious behaviour (SIB) is a devastating problem observed in individuals with various neurodevelopmental disorders, including specific genetic syndromes as well as idiopathic intellectual and developmental disability. Although an increased prevalence of SIB has been documented in specific genetic mutations, little is known about the neurobiological basis of SIB. This makes vulnerability assessment and pharmacological treatment incredibly challenging.Method  Here we review evidence that SIB and other repetitive, invariant behaviours, such as stereotypy, compulsions and tics, share many phenotypic similarities, are often co‐morbidly expressed and have common inducing conditions. This argues for shared or overlapping pathophysiology. As much more is known about the neurobiology of these related disorders, this should make the neurobiology of SIB a more tractable problem.Results  Stereotypy, compulsions and tics are diagnostic for disorders that have received focused neurobiological investigation (autism, obsessive compulsive disorder, Tourette syndrome, respectively). In addition, animal models of these repetitive behaviours have been well characterised. Collectively, these studies have found that cortical basal ganglia circuitry dysfunction mediates repetitive behaviour. Moreover, these studies provide more detailed information and potentially testable hypotheses about specific aspects of the circuitry that may be operative in SIB.Conclusions  We can use available information from clinical and animal models to make more precise hypotheses regarding the particular pathophysiology driving SIB. The results of testing such hypotheses should generate pharmacological strategies that may prove efficacious in reducing SIB.
Pharmacokinetics of ketamine and propofol combination administered as ketofol via continuous infusion in cats
Authors: ZONCA A. , RAVASIO G. , GALLO M. , MONTESISSA C. , CARLI S. , VILLA R. , CAGNARDI P. 
Published: January 2012

Zonca, A., Ravasio, G., Gallo, M., Montesissa, C., Carli, S., Villa, R., Cagnardi, P. Pharmacokinetics of ketamine and propofol combination administered as ketofol via continuous infusion in cats. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 35, 580–587.The pharmacokinetics of the extemporaneous combination of low doses of ketamine and propofol, known as ‘ketofol’, frequently used for emergency procedures in humans to achieve safe sedation and analgesia was studied in cats. The study was performed to assess propofol, ketamine and norketamine kinetics in six female cats that received ketamine and propofol (1:1 ratio) as a loading dose (2 mg/kg each, IV) followed by a continuous infusion (10 mg/kg/h each, IV, 25 min of length). Blood samples were collected during the infusion period and up to 24 h afterwards. Drug quantification was achieved by HPLC analysis using UV‐visible detection for ketamine and fluorimetric detection for propofol. The pharmacokinetic parameters were deduced by a two‐compartment bolus plus infusion model for propofol and ketamine and a monocompartmental model for norketamine. Additional data were derived by a noncompartmental analysis. Propofol and ketamine were quantifiable in most animals until 24 and 8 h after the end of infusion, respectively. Propofol showed a long elimination half‐life (t1/2λ2 7.55 ± 9.86 h), whereas ketamine was characterized by shorter half‐life (t1/2λ2 4 ± 3.4 h) owing to its rapid biotransformation into norketamine. The clinical significance of propofol’s long elimination half‐life and low clearance is negligible when the drug is administered as short‐term and low‐dosage infusion. The concurrent administration of ketamine and propofol in cats did not produce adverse effects although it was not possible to exclude interference in the metabolism.
Cascade stomach is associated with upper gastrointestinal symptoms: a population‐based study
Authors: Kusano M. , Hosaka H. , Moki H. , Shimoyama Y. , Kawamura O. , Kuribayashi S. , Mori M. , Akuzawa M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackground  Cascade stomach (CS) is recognized by characteristic findings on barium studies. We prospectively investigated the relationship between CS and upper gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms.Methods  In subjects undergoing health screening, CS was diagnosed by barium studies. Consecutive persons (500 men and 127 women) with CS were identified and the same number of age‐matched subjects without CS were selected as controls. Upper GI symptoms were classified as reflux symptoms, dyspepsia symptoms, or epigastralgia symptoms. Then, we prospectively analyzed barium studies to classify the gastric morphology and also assessed upper GI symptoms in consecutive 5008 men and 2736 women.Key Results  BMI was significantly higher in men with CS than in controls, and also in women with CS than in controls. Upper GI symptoms were significantly more frequent in the CS group than the controls among both men and women, especially reflux symptoms. In men, logistic regression analysis identified CS as an independent risk factor for upper GI symptoms (odds ratio = 1.771, P = 0.005) and for reflux symptoms (odds ratio = 2.07, P = 0.009). In women, CS was also significantly related to upper GI symptoms (odds ratio = 2.544, P = 0.020). The prevalence of CS was significantly higher (P < 0.0001) among symptomatic men than among those with no symptoms.Conclusions & Inferences  Gastric morphology is related to upper GI symptoms in both men and women. Cascade stomach should be reconsidered as a pathophysiological factor associated with upper GI symptoms.
The deceased organ donor with an “open abdomen”: proceed with caution
Authors: Watkins A.C. , Vedula G.V. , Horan J. , Dellicarpini K. , Pak S.‐W. , Daly T. , Samstein B. , Kato T. , Emond J.C. , Guarrera J.V. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn solid organ transplantation, the disparity between donor supply and patients awaiting transplant continues to increase. The organ shortage has led to relaxation of historic contraindications to organ donation. A large percentage of deceased organ donors have been subjected to traumatic injuries, which can often result in intervention that leads to abdominal packing and intensive care unit resuscitation. The donor with this “open abdomen” (OA) presents a situation in which the risk of organ utilization is difficult to quantify. There exists a concern for the potential of a higher risk for both bacterial and fungal infections, including multidrug‐resistant (MDR) pathogens because of the prevalence of antibiotic use and critical illness in this population. No recommendations have been established for utilization of organs from these OA donors, because data are limited. Herein, we report a case of a 21‐year‐old donor who had sustained a gunshot wound to his abdomen, resulting in a damage‐control laparotomy and abdominal packing. The donor subsequently suffered brain death, and the family consented to organ donation. A multiorgan procurement was performed with respective transplantation of the procured organs (heart, liver, and both kidneys) into 4 separate recipients. Peritoneal swab cultures performed at the time of organ recovery grew out MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the day after procurement, subsequently followed by positive blood and sputum cultures as well. All 4 transplant recipients subsequently developed infections with MDR P. aeruginosa, which appeared to be donor‐derived with similar resistance patterns. Appropriate antibiotic coverage was initiated in all of the patients. Although 2 of the recipients died, mortality did not appear to be clearly associated with the donor‐derived infections. This case illustrates the potential infectious risk associated with organs from donors with an OA, and suggests that aggressive surveillance for occult infections should be pursued.