bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Prevention of Pediatric Overuse Injuries
Authors: Valovich McLeod Tamara C. , Decoster Laura C. , Loud Keith J. , Micheli Lyle J. , Parker J. Terry , Sandrey Michelle A. , White Christopher 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjective:To provide certified athletic trainers, physicians, and other health care professionals with recommendations on best practices for the prevention of overuse sports injuries in pediatric athletes (aged 6–18 years).Background:Participation in sports by the pediatric population has grown tremendously over the years. Although the health benefits of participation in competitive and recreational athletic events are numerous, one adverse consequence is sport-related injury. Overuse or repetitive trauma injuries represent approximately 50% of all pediatric sport-related injuries. It is speculated that more than half of these injuries may be preventable with simple approaches.Recommendations:Recommendations are provided based on current evidence regarding pediatric injury surveillance, identification of risk factors for injury, preparticipation physical examinations, proper supervision and education (coaching and medical), sport alterations, training and conditioning programs, and delayed specialization.
Management of the Facial Nerve in Lateral Skull Base Surgery Analytic Retrospective study
Authors: Shazly Mohamed A. El , Mokbel Mahmoud A.M. , Elbadry Amr A. , Badran Hatem S. 
Published: March 2011

Background Surgical approaches to the jugular foramen are often complex and lengthy procedures associated with significant morbidity based on the anatomic and tumor characteristics. In addition to the risk of intra-operative hemorrhage from vascular tumors, lower cranial nerves deficits are frequently increased after intra-operative manipulation. Accordingly, modifications in the surgical techniques have been developed to minimize these risks. Preoperative embolization and intra-operative ligation of the external carotid artery have decreased the intraoperative blood loss. Accurate identification and exposure of the cranial nerves extracranially allows for their preservation during tumor resection. The modification of facial nerve mobilization provides widened infratemporal exposure with less postoperative facial weakness. The ideal approach should enable complete, one stage tumor resection with excellent infratemporal and posterior fossa exposure and would not aggravate or cause neurologic deficit. The aim of this study is to present our experience in handling jugular foramen lesions (mainly glomus jugulare) without the need for anterior facial nerve transposition. Methods In this series we present our experience in Kasr ElEini University hospital (Cairo–-Egypt) in handling 36 patients with jugular foramen lesions over a period of 20 years where the previously mentioned preoperative and operative rules were followed. The clinical status, operative technique and postoperative care and outcome are detailed and analyzed in relation to the outcome. Results Complete cure without complications was achieved in four cases of congenital cholesteatoma and four cases with class B glomus. In advanced cases of glomus jugulare (28 patients) (C and D stages) complete cure was achieved in 21 of them (75%). The operative complications were also related to this group of 28 patients, in the form of facial paralysis in 20 of them (55.6%) and symptomatic vagal paralysis in 18 of them (50%). Conclusions Total anterior rerouting of the facial nerve carries a high risk of facial paralysis. So it should be reserved for cases where the lesion extends beyond the vertical ICA. Otherwise, for less extensive lesions and less aggressive pathologies, less aggressive approaches could be adopted with less hazards.
Barriers and facilitators to evidence-based library and information practice: An international perspective
Authors: Booth Andrew 
Published: March 2011

Abstract

Objective: To describe the barriers encountered when attempting to undertake evidence-based library and information practice (EBLIP).

Design: Qualitative evidence synthesis and thematic synthesis of qualitative data.

Data sources: PubMed MEDLINE, Library Information Science Abstracts (LISA), Library Information Science & Technology Abstracts (LISTA), Evidence Based Library and Information Practice (EBLIP) journal full text, Google Scholar and Google Desktop searches of the author’s personal collection of articles and conference proceedings.

Review methods: Thematic synthesis involved line-by-line data extraction of mentions of barriers, obstacles and challenges and development of descriptive and analytical themes.

Results: 55 papers that reported at least one barrier, obstacle or challenge to EBLIP were included. Five major domains, comprising 17 specific themes, were identified as key to barriers for EBLIP: the environment (pace of change, poor access to the evidence base, language and cultural barriers), the evidence (limitations of the evidence base, inappropriate orientation of research), the workplace (lack of time, lack of financial resources, lack of infrastructure, lack of organisational support), the profession (leadership, lack of research culture, professional characteristics, communication difficulties, need for skills/training, need for education, failure to implement) and the paradigm (limitations of EBLIP).

Conclusions: Numerous barriers characterise the challenges posed to EBLIP in day-to-day practice. These have been organised within a generic taxonomy or framework. The author suggests some possible approaches to overcome such barriers. A greater awareness of such barriers and corresponding facilitators may help the international community to further develop the EBLIP paradigm.
Structure and Properties of Nanograined Fe–C Alloys after Severe Plastic Deformation
Authors: Straumal Boris B. , Dobatkin Sergei V. , Rodin Alexei O. , Protasova Svetlana G. , Mazilkin Andrei A. , Goll Dagmar , Baretzky Brigitte 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe microstructure and properties of several Fe–C alloys are studied in a) the as‐cast state, b) after a long annealing time at 725 °C, and, c) after high‐pressure torsion (HPT) The grain size after HPT is in the nanometer range. Only Fe3C (cementite) and α‐Fe remain in the alloys after HPT. Less stable Hägg carbide and retained austenite disappear after HPT, and phase composition closely approaches the equilibrium corresponding to the HPT temperature and pressure. This HPT behavior differs from that associated with ball‐milling, which can lead to the formation of metastable or amorphous phases. Therefore, severe plastic deformation opens the way to produce materials with very stable phase structure and thus ensures the stable properties of nanograined steel during its life‐time.
A Numerical Model for Powder Densification by SPS Technique
Authors: Mondalek Pamela , Silva Luisa , Bellet Michel 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSpark plasma sintering (SPS) belongs to a class of sintering techniques that employs electric current to assist compaction. This technology seems very promising to obtain net‐shape components made of intermetallic alloys with a fine microstructure. However, the SPS process is difficult to stabilize because of density heterogeneities arising from non‐homogeneous temperature or stress in the powder. This motivates the development of a three‐dimensional finite element simulation in order to understand the distribution of current, temperature and porosity. The model couples three physical problems: electrical, thermal and mechanical. The numerical implementation is based on a monolithic formulation consisting in solving the different conservation equations on a single mesh including the specimen and the tooling. The general set of equations is described; the effect of the powder physical properties and of the geometry of the set up on the distribution of electrical current and temperature is discussed. A macroscopic Abouaf constitutive model is used to simulate powder densification; first results involving porosity evolution are presented.
In Situ Forming Hydrogels: A Thermo‐Responsive Polyelectrolyte as Promising Liquid Artificial Vitreous Body Replacement
Authors: Strotmann Falko , Bezdushna Ella , Ritter Helmut , Galla Hans‐Joachim 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe use of fully synthetic polymers as a liquid artificial vitreous body replacement (LAVR) was already considered, but yet none of these polymers have proven to be successful in long term retention in the vitreous cavity due to inadequate biocompatibility and fast biodegradation. Our novel cross‐linked polyelectrolyte as a potential intraocular endotamponade shows an innovative concept of thermoresponsive behavior proposed for the first time in ophthalmologic surgery. The polyelectrolyte has been elaborated via a three‐step procedure by combining classical synthetic protocols and microwave technique. We observed that the polyelectrolyte comprising sodium 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropane sulfonate and acrylic functionalized poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) macromonomer with glycerol dimethacrylate as cross‐linker displays a noticeable thermosensitive behavior. It exhibits enhancement of shear viscosity at physiological temperatures without phase separation. First in vitro experiments on a retinal ganglion cell line (RGC‐5) present a promising biocompatibility without harmful effects. Cell viability, proliferation rate, and inflammatory cascade (COX‐2 and iNOS expression) were not affected.
Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Burdick Jason A. , Prestwich Glenn D. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractHyaluronic acid (HA), an immunoneutral polysaccharide that is ubiquitous in the human body, is crucial for many cellular and tissue functions and has been in clinical use for over thirty years. When chemically modified, HA can be transformed into many physical forms—viscoelastic solutions, soft or stiff hydrogels, electrospun fibers, non‐woven meshes, macroporous and fibrillar sponges, flexible sheets, and nanoparticulate fluids—for use in a range of preclinical and clinical settings. Many of these forms are derived from the chemical crosslinking of pendant reactive groups by addition/condensation chemistry or by radical polymerization. Clinical products for cell therapy and regenerative medicine require crosslinking chemistry that is compatible with the encapsulation of cells and injection into tissues. Moreover, an injectable clinical biomaterial must meet marketing, regulatory, and financial constraints to provide affordable products that can be approved, deployed to the clinic, and used by physicians. Many HA‐derived hydrogels meet these criteria, and can deliver cells and therapeutic agents for tissue repair and regeneration. This progress report covers both basic concepts and recent advances in the development of HA‐based hydrogels for biomedical applications.
A Versatile Protocol for Copper‐Catalyzed Cyanation of Aryl and Heteroaryl Bromides with Acetone Cyanohydrin
Authors: Schareina Thomas , Zapf Alexander , Cotté Alain , Gotta Matthias , Beller Matthias 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA novel copper‐catalyzed cyanation of aryl and heteroaryl bromides using acetone cyanohydrin has been developed.
Cyanides‐Free Cyanation of Aryl Halides using Formamide
Authors: Sawant Dinesh N. , Wagh Yogesh S. , Tambade Pawan J. , Bhatte Kushal D. , Bhanage Bhalchandra M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA novel method for cyanation of aryl halides using formamide as a non‐toxic cyanide source is reported. It is a single‐step, solvent‐free method wherein formamide itself acts as solvent as well as source of cyanide in the presence of phosphorus oxychloride and palladium acetate/xantphos catalyst. Aryl iodides as well as aryl bromides provided moderate to excellent yields of up to 93%.
Solid Acids as Heterogeneous Support for Primary Amino Acid‐Derived Diamines in Direct Asymmetric Aldol Reactions
Authors: Demuynck Anneleen L. W. , Peng Li , de Clippel Filip , Vanderleyden Jozef , Jacobs Pierre A. , Sels Bert F. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe have achieved the non‐covalent immobilization of chiral primary amino acid‐derived diamines on organic and inorganic sulfonated solid acids through acid‐base interaction. With the commercial sulfonated fluoropolymer nafion® NR50 as support an optimal balance was found between activity and stereoselectivity of the supported catalyst in direct asymmetric aldol reactions of linear ketones and aromatic aldehydes. Under optimized conditions aldol products were obtained in high yields and with excellent enantioselectivities for the syn‐product (up to 98% ee). Furthermore, catalysis with the supported diamine was demonstrated to occur truly heterogeneously and the loaded nafion® NR50 beads could be reused several times. Ultimately, the immobilized catalyst/nafion® NR50 system was successfully implemented in a fixed‐bed reactor set‐up under continuous flow conditions.
Network measures for dyadic interactions: stability and reliability
Authors: Voelkl Bernhard , Kasper Claudia , Schwab Christine 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSocial network analysis (SNA) is a general heading for a collection of statistical tools that aim to describe social interactions and social structure by representing individuals and their interactions as graph objects. It was originally developed for the social sciences, but more recently it was also adopted by behavioral ecologists. However, although SNA offers a full range of exciting possibilities for the study of animal societies, some authors have raised concerns about the correct application and interpretation of network measures. In this article, we investigate how reliable and how stable network measures are (i.e. how much variation they show under re‐sampling and how much they are influenced by erroneous observations). For this purpose, we took a data set of 44 nonhuman primate grooming networks and studied the effects of re‐sampling at lower re‐sampling rates than the originally observed ones and the inclusion of two types of errors, “mis‐identification” and “mis‐classification,” on six different network metrics, i.e. density, degree variance, vertex strength variance, edge weight disparity, clustering coefficient, and closeness centrality. Although some measures were tolerant toward reduced sample sizes, others were sensitive and even slightly reduced samples could yield drastically different results. How strongly a metric is affected seems to depend on both the sample size and the structure of the specific network. The same general effects were found for the inclusion of sampling errors. We, therefore, emphasize the importance of calculating valid confidence intervals for network measures and, finally, we suggest a rough research plan for network studies. Am. J. Primatol. 73:731–740, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
TiO2‐Nanoröhren: Synthese und Anwendungen
Authors: Roy Poulomi , Berger Steffen , Schmuki Patrik 
Published: March 2011

AbstractTiO2ist eine der am besten untersuchten Verbindungen in den Materialwissenschaften und weist einige herausragende Eigenschaften auf, die z. B. für die Photokatalyse, für farbstoffsensibilisierte Solarzellen oder für biomedizinische Funktionseinheiten genutzt werden. 1999 zeigten erste Berichte, dass es möglich ist, hoch geordnete Anordnungen von TiO2‐Nanoröhren durch eine einfache, aber optimierte elektrochemische Anodisierung einer Ti‐Metallfolie herzustellen. Dies löste intensive Forschungsaktivitäten aus, deren Schwerpunkt auf der Herstellung und der Modifizierung sowie auf den Eigenschaften und Anwendungen dieser eindimensionalen Nanostrukturen lagen. Dieser Aufsatz geht auf all diese Aspekte und die zugrundeliegenden Prinzipien und funktionellen Haupteigenschaften von TiO2ein und will außerdem versuchen, Entwicklungsperspektiven für das Gebiet aufzuzeigen.
Analysis of atmospheric pressure plasma parameters during treatment of polyethylene terephthalate films
Authors: Deichmann Thorsten , McCord Marian G. , Bourham Mohamed A. , Gries Thomas 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe North Carolina atmospheric plasma system (NCAPS) was interfaced with electric diagnostics and computer‐based instrument control hardware and software to display plasma parameters in real‐time. The monitoring system is also interfaced with gas flow controllers and a Teflon‐coated thermocouple for continuous monitoring of the gas flow and the ambient temperature inside the plasma test cell. A simplified plasma model was developed and built in the interface system to solve for the plasma electron number density and display the results during device operation. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films were treated in the device using various gas combinations. The ambient gas temperature inside the test cell increases from 83 to close to 95°F (28.33–35°C) for most gases within 30 s, and further increases to about 105 (40.6°C) after 300 s of operation, indicating a nonthermal plasma condition inside the test cell. The interface solver shows that the electron number density decreases when PET films are immersed in the plasma, indicating recombination of etched species to the free electrons. Contact angle measurements showed that the wettability of PET surfaces increased after plasma exposure for all used gas combinations. Measurements of Young's modulus with dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) showed an increase of the modulus of PET after treatment with helium plasma, whereas the modulus slightly decreased after treatment with oxygen, tetrafluorocarbon and hexafluorocarbon gases. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Synthesis of degradable copolymer networks containing hemiacetal components and well‐defined backbones
Authors: Sui Xince , Fu Zhifeng , Shi Yan 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA novel copolymer network was prepared using divinyl ether bis[4‐(vinyloxy)butyl] (4‐methyl‐1,3‐phenylene) biscarbamate (BECT) as crosslinking agent. First, the backbone chains were synthesized by the copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) using reversible addition‐fragmentation chain‐transfer technique. The molecular weight of poly(AA‐co‐MMA) was well‐controlled, and the polydispersity was low. Carboxyl group on the poly(AA‐co‐MMA) chains then reacted with BECT in the presence of pyridinium p‐toluenesulfonate, generating a copolymer network with hemiacetal component in the crosslinking segment. After being treated in strong acid, this copolymer network was able to be degraded owing to the hemiacetal structure, but the backbone chains remained intact. The copolymer network was stable in basic or neutral environment. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Reaction kinetics of carboxymethylation of cornstarch
Authors: Wu Zongwen 
Published: March 2011

AbstractReaction kinetics of carboxymethylation of cornstarch in the reaction media of ethanol was studied in this article by determining the changes of NaOH concentration and degree of substitute of reacting matter in the reaction process at different temperature. The equation of reaction rate has been set up and proved to be corresponding with the second‐order reaction. The main and side reaction rate constants at different temperature and the main and the side reaction activation energy have been obtained, respectively. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Visible Light‐Triggered Photoswitchable Diarylethene‐Based Iridium(III) Complexes for Imaging Living Cells
Authors: Tan Wenjuan , Zhou Jing , Li Fuyou , Yi Tao , Tian He 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA novel diarylethene‐based iridium(III) complex was synthesized as a phosphorescence probe for monitoring living cells. The switchable phosphorescence complex in solution and within living cells was controlled by two distinguishable visible‐light irradiations, which suggests that this complex can be developed as a promising probe with weak photodamage for biological samples.
Raman microspectroscopic and dynamic vapor sorption characterization of hydration in collagen and dermal tissue
Authors: Zhang Qihong , Andrew Chan K. L. , Zhang Guojin , Gillece Timothy , Senak Laurence , Moore David J. , Mendelsohn Richard , Flach Carol R. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWater is an integral part of collagen's triple helical and higher order structure. Studies of model triple helical peptides have revealed the presence of repetitive intrachain, interchain, and intermolecular water bridges (Bella et al., Structure 1995, 15, 893–906). In addition, an extended cylinder of hydration is thought to be responsible for collagen fiber assembly. Confocal Raman spectroscopy and dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) measurements of human Type I collagen and pigskin dermis were performed to probe relative humidity (RH)‐dependent differences in the nature and level of collagen hydration. Raman spectra were also acquired as a function of time for both Type I collagen and pigskin dermis samples upon exchange of a 100% RH H2O to deuterium oxide (D2O) environment. Alterations in Amide I and III modes were consistent with anticipated changes in hydrogen bonding strength as RH increased and upon H → D exchange. Of note is the identification of a Raman spectral marker (band at 938 cm−1) which appears to be sensitive to alterations in collagen‐bound water. Analysis of DVS isotherms provided a quantitative measure of adsorbed and absorbed water vapor consistent with the Raman results. The development of a Raman spectral marker of collagen hydration in intact tissue is relevant to diverse fields of study ranging from the evaluation of therapeutics for wound healing to hydration of aging skin. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 95: 607–615, 2011.
Brownian dynamics study of the association between the 70S ribosome and elongation factor G
Authors: Długosz Maciej , Huber Gary A. , McCammon J. Andrew , Trylska Joanna 
Published: March 2011

AbstractProtein synthesis on the ribosome involves a number of external protein factors that bind at its functional sites. One key factor is the elongation factor G (EF‐G) that facilitates the translocation of transfer RNAs between their binding sites, as well as advancement of the messenger RNA by one codon. The details of the EF‐G/ribosome diffusional encounter and EF‐G association pathway still remain unanswered. Here, we applied Brownian dynamics methodology to study bimolecular association in the bacterial EF‐G/70S ribosome system. We estimated the EF‐G association rate constants at 150 and 300 mM monovalent ionic strengths and obtained reasonable agreement with kinetic experiments. We have also elucidated the details of EF‐G/ribosome association paths and found that positioning of the L11 protein of the large ribosomal subunit is likely crucial for EF‐G entry to its binding site. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 95: 616–627, 2011.
Development and validation of a RP‐HPLC method for stability‐indicating assay of gemifloxacin mesylate including identification of related substances by LC‐ESI‐MS/MS, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Nageswara Rao R. , Naidu Ch. Gangu , Prasad K. Guru , Narasimha R. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTA validated stability indicating RP‐HPLC assay of gemifloxacin mesylate was developed by separating its related substances on an Inertsil‐ODS3V‐C18 (4.6 × 250 mm; 5 μm) column using 0.1% trifluoroaceticacid (pH 2.5) and methanol as a mobile phase in a gradient elution mode at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min at 27°C. The column effluents were monitored by a photodiode array detector set at 287 nm. The method was validated in terms of accuracy, precision and linearity as per ICH guidelines. Forced degradation of gemifloxacin (GFX) was carried out under acidic, basic, thermal, photolysis and peroxide conditions and the degradation products were separated and characterized by ESI‐MS/MS, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of bulk drugs and the recoveries of gemifloxacin and impurities were in the range of 97.60–102.90 and 96.99–102.10%, respectively. No previous reports were found in the literature on identification of degradation products of gemifloxacin. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.