bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Taxonomic review of the genusSymmorphusWesmael (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from the Far East
Authors: KIM Jeong Kyu , LEE Seung Gil 
Published: September 2010

AbstractFar Eastern species of the genusSymmorphusWesmael are taxonomically reviewed. Fourteen species are recognized. Taxonomic information regarding this group that has been treated fragmentarily is summarized in this study. A revised key is presented, and recognition characteristics and images are supplied for each species.
Occurrence ofVespa velutinaLepeletier from Korea, and a revised key for KoreanVespaspecies (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)
Authors: KIM Jeong‐Kyu , CHOI Munbo , MOON Tae‐Young 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis is the first report of occurrence ofVespa velutinaLepeletier from Korea. The diagnosis and taxonomic relationship between geographical subspecies is provided, with a revised key to complement the previous taxonomic information of KoreanVespaspecies. The ecological aspect of the species is also discussed.
Towards the genetic control of insect vectors: An overview
Authors: ABRAHAM Eappen G. , CHA Sung‐Jae , JACOBS‐LORENA Marcelo 
Published: September 2010

AbstractInsects are responsible for the transmission of major infectious diseases. Recent advances in insect genomics and transformation technology provide new strategies for the control of insect borne pathogen transmission and insect pest management. One such strategy is the genetic modification of insects with genes that block pathogen development. Another is to suppress insect populations by releasing either sterile males or males carrying female‐specific dominant lethal genes into the environment. Although significant progress has been made in the laboratory, further research is needed to extend these approaches to the field. These insect control strategies offer several advantages over conventional insecticide‐based strategies. However, the release of genetically modified insects into the environment should proceed with great caution, after ensuring its safety, and acceptance by the target populations.
Endoscopic dewaxing in the audiology department – the Bristol experience
Authors: Pothier D.D. , Nieuwoudt D. 
Published: September 2010

Keypoints

Impacted wax accounts for a considerable proportion of cancelled appointments in the audiology department.
Current practice usually involves the patient being referred back to their General Practitioner (GP) for wax removal.
Endoscopic dewaxing is a technique that can be used to remove wax under direct vision.
Having been trained in the technique, an audiologist successfully removed wax from 94% of the patients seen with wax preventing the appointment from going ahead.
Thirty‐three appointments and 29 h (1740 min) of appointment time were saved over the 6‐week period.
When introduced with sufficient training of staff, endoscopic dewaxing offers a solution to the problem of impacted wax in the audiology department.
The epidemiology and chronobiology of epistaxis: an investigation of Scottish hospital admissions 1995–2004
Authors: Walker T.W.M. , Macfarlane T.V. , McGarry G.W. 
Published: September 2010

Objectives:  This study aimed at investigating aspects of the epidemiology and chronobiology of emergency admissions with epistaxis in Scotland between 1995 and 2004. In particular, we sought to examine the epidemiology of hospital admission with epistaxis and effects of factors such as day of week, time of year and lunar cycle.Design:  A statistical analysis, in terms of descriptive statistics, logistical regression and linear regression, was carried out on data obtained from the Scottish Morbidity Records related to emergency Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) admissions.Setting and participants:  All emergency inpatient admissions for Scottish residents to ENT wards in Scottish NHS hospitals during the 10‐year period, between 1st January 1995 and December 31st 2004 were studied. This study only looked at admissions and thus excludes Accident and Emergency attendances caused by epistaxis.Main outcome measures:  Age, gender, year, month and day of the week of admission were considered, as was relationship to the moon phase.Results:  During the study period, the mean daily admission rate with epistaxis was six. Epistaxis accounted for 33% of all ENT emergency admissions. The average age of non‐epistaxis ENT emergency admission was 31 years. For epistaxis emergency admissions the median age was 70 years. There were fewer admissions in the summer months [August RR: 0.59 (95% CI: 0.54–0.65) P < 0.001]. There were more admissions at the weekends and on non‐weekend public holidays [RR: −0.115 (95% CI −0.160–0.071) P < 0.001]. There was a trend towards a reduction in admission rates from the year 2001. Despite the fluctuations with season and weekday, there was no relationship with phase of the moon [RR: 0.98 (95% CI: 0.88–1.09) for day of the full moon compared with non‐full moon weekday].Conclusions:  This study underlines the importance of epistaxis as the single most frequent emergency diagnosis in ENT. The frequency and patterns of admission show pronounced fluctuations. The observed increase in winter admissions confirms earlier work and may have implications for health resource allocation. Relationships between weekends/public holidays and increased admissions with epistaxis may correspond with social patterns of alcohol use (a known aetiological factor). The lunar cycle does not have an effect on the frequency of epistaxis admissions.
Extracorporal septal reconstruction with polydioxanone foil
Authors: Gerlinger I. , Kárász T. , Somogyvári K. , Szanyi I. , Ráth G. , Móricz P. , Boenish M. 
Published: September 2010

Key points

Conventional septoplasty cannot be the answer to all types of septal deviation.
Indications of extracorporal septal reconstruction with polydioxanone (PDS) foil: (i) selected cases of very high septal deviations, (ii) post‐traumatic and (iii) extremely pronounced congenital septal deviations and/or aesthetic deformities.
Polydioxanone foil facilitates the incorporation of a newly implanted septal graft without significant postoperative complications and is absorbed within 25 weeks.
The surgical technique is described in detail, and the early postoperative functional and aesthetic results (mean follow‐up: 11 months) on 16 patients (mean age: 42 years) are reported. Overall, 88% of the patients responded positively to the question of whether they would choose to undergo the same procedure again, knowing the postoperative result.
The procedure is easy to learn and has already proved to be an excellent combination of modern functional and aesthetic nasal surgery.
Objective assessment of surgical competency – ENT trainees
Authors: Bath A.P. , Wilson T. 
Published: September 2010

Key points

The objective assessment of the progression of surgical competence throughout the career of a trainee surgeon is complicated.
An operative competence assessment form was introduced into the RITA process for ENT trainees in 2004 in the Eastern Deanery.
Analysis of the data has shown that there is a clear improvement in their surgical ability with ‘minor’ procedures being mastered much earlier in their career than ‘major’ procedures.
The value of such an assessment tool is that it has the potential to identify the trainee that has poor surgical ability early and it also provides evidence that senior trainees at the end of their training are surgically competent to meet the demands of a consultant post.
What can catarrh patients tell us about catarrh?
Authors: Russell C. 
Published: September 2010

Introduction.  Chronic catarrh represents a putative abberation of a normal physiological process. It continues to elude useful definition and convincing explanation. The aims of this research were to explore, though the narrative of patients, the transition of catarrh from body sensation into symptom proper, and to better define the symptomatology associated with chronic catarrh.Method.  A qualitative study using semi‐structured interviews of 19 chronic catarrh patients. Narrative analysis was carried out on the transcribed interviews, using a constant comparative technique approach to the generation of grounded theory. An open‐ended questionnaire provided supplementa data.Results.  The transition of physiological body sensation into a symptom seems a complex one; in the case of catarrh, the process is driven by a change in constancy, intensity or quality of the sensation. This change in sensation must have a deemed consequence, which in turn draws a response from the patient, the size of which is indicative of the strength of belief they hold about their problem. Catarrh patients identified a wide variety of associated symptoms. Although described as akin to having a constant cold, they admitted that they rarely had any quantity of mucus to expel, giving rise to a pervading sense of frustration.Conclusion.  Delineating a catarrh patient's psychosocial response to their perceived problem can provide an indication of the strength of their belief about that problem, thus facilitating their management. Contrary to common assumption, chronic catarrh patients are not productive of an excess of mucus, explaining why nasal steroids are invariably poorly beneficial to them.
Microscopic versus otoendoscopic examination of the tympanic membrane using digital imaging and objective assessment
Authors: Nassif R. , Speilman P. , Ogoston S. , Hussain S.S.M. 
Published: September 2010

Objectives.  The microscope and oto‐endoscope are the standard tools for clinical assessment of the tympanic membrane (TM). We aim to compare the adequacy of the tympanic membrane visualisation between methods.Method.  Healthy adult volunteers with no previously known ear pathology were recruited following ethical committee approval. The senior author conducted the examinations. We used an operating microscope fixed to magnification ×4, and a 0 degree oto‐endoscope connected to a Storz Tricam wired to a computer desktop with digital imaging capture software. Video clips were recorded until the clinician ensured complete clinical examination. Three different assessors conducted assessment using objective criteria and scoring system of the video clips separately.Results.  42 ears were examined in 21 subjects producing 84 video clips. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 12. The inter‐observer reliability measured using Cronbach's alpha co‐efficient is 0.831, showing reliable agreement between the different 3 assessors. There was near complete agreement on the visualisation of the posterior ½ of the TM in all the clips. The whole TM and the anterior½ measured by Fisher's exact test showed significant difference 0.001 and 0.001 in favour of the oto‐endoscope. There was no significant difference in assessment of TM position. Although the microscopes now have built in camera systems, we accept that the three dimensional view through binocular microscopy is projected as a flat two‐dimensional view on the monitor and video clip.Conclusions.  In the assessment of normal ears, the oto‐endoscope provides a more complete visualisation of the eardrum than the microscope.
Gamma tubulin: a powerful indicator of recurrence in human squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx
Authors: Syed M.I. , Syed S. , Harrower S. , Singh J. , Chin A. , McLellan D. , Parkinson E.K. , Clark L.J. 
Published: September 2010

Objectives.  Centrosome amplification as detected by gamma tubulin (GT) immunostaining is associated with genetic instability and tumour aggressiveness.1 We have assessed GT for its ability to predict recurrence of squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx (SCCL).Methods.  Five‐micrometer sections of 35 archival SCCL samples were subjected to antigen retrieval and immunostained with an antibody to GT. The keratin antibody (CK5) served as a positive control for antigen retrieval, and tonsillar tissue was used as a negative control.Results.  Of the 35 tumours analysed, 22 suffered recurrence (R) and 13 did not (NR). 14 of the 22 R tumours, but 0 of 13 of the NR tumours had a GT staining score of 2+ or 3+ (P = 0.0002 by the Fisher's exact Test). Recurrence was unrelated to T stage (P = 0.726) and had a weak relationship to N status (P = 0.211).Conclusion.  GT staining appears to be a better indicator of tumour recurrence than either T stage or node status.Reference 1 Carroll P.E., Okuda M., Horn H.F. et al. (1999) Centrosome hyperamplification in human cancer: chromosome instability induced by p53 mutation and/or Mdm2 overexpression. Oncogene, 18, 1935–44
Psychometric qualities of questionnaires for the assessment of otitis media impact
Authors: Timmerman A.A. , Meesters C.M.G. , Speyer R. , Anteunis L.J.C. 
Published: September 2010

Background:  The assessment of impact and evaluation of treatment effects in chronic otitis media (OM) calls for a much broader approach than just examining the presence of middle ear effusion or hearing loss. It is increasingly recognised that this condition may result in a comprised quality of life. Several studies have used proxy completed questionnaires to objectify the illness experience associated with chronic OM.Objective of review:  To review questionnaires which have been developed to describe the effects of chronic OM on the daily functioning of children. Psychometric properties have been evaluated, in addition to discriminative and evaluative qualities.Type of review:  A systematic review of publications pertaining to developed questionnaires related with chronic OM.Search strategy:  Systematic literature searches of PubMed (1966–January 2007) and EMBASE (1989–January 2007) were conducted, supplemented by using free text words to identify publications after January 2005.Results:  The included 15 questionnaires were developed for children with recurrent or persistent OM, describing functional health status (FHS), while two questionnaires also evaluate the effect of tympanostomy tubes insertion. The questionnaires generally cover six impact areas (physical symptoms, child development, educational performance, emotional/practical burden and general health status) with physical symptoms being the most prominant.Conclusions:  The OM8‐30, OMO‐22 and OM‐6 adequately reflect the multidimensional aspects of FHS in chronic OM. The OMO‐22 and OM8‐30 show the best psychometric properties for the discrimination of impact severity between children, while the OM‐6 was found to have the best qualities for the evaluation of clinical change. Clinical applicability is crucial for the assessment of FHS in chronic OM, but requires a trade‐off with necessary psychometric properties.
Student Attrition from Traditional and Immersion Foreign Language Programs
Authors: Wesely Pamela M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper describes the research that has been conducted on the phenomenon of student attrition from traditional and immersion foreign language (FL) programs. It includes an explanation of the relevant terminology and a brief review of how researchers have studied FL student attrition. After providing this background, the article explores the four major factors in FL student attrition identified in the research studies on the topic: instruction, academic success, anxiety, and motivation. This summary of the studies and synthesis of their findings reveals both powerful insights and important lacunae in the literature on the phenomenon. The paper concludes with some recommendations for instructors hoping to reduce FL student attrition in their programs, as well as for individuals designing future studies about FL student attrition.
The Past and Future of White Pine Forests in the Great Lakes Region
Authors: Ziegler Susy Svatek 
Published: September 2010

AbstractEastern white pine plays an important role in the Great Lakes ecosystems of the Upper Midwest. White pine forests were even more extensive two centuries ago before the logging industry, logging‐related fires, subsequent fire suppression, and changing forest‐management goals of Euro‐American settlers profoundly altered the species composition and structure of the pine stands. Pine forests of the Great Lakes region have not recovered from the logging era because multiple factors have impeded the successful establishment of pine seedlings and saplings. Herbivores, diseases, insect pests, fire suppression, and climate change affect the current distribution of white pine and will influence future management decisions. Efforts to rejuvenate the pine forests will be expensive, time consuming, labor intensive, and slow, so desired future conditions should be chosen carefully. White pine persists in the Lake States despite environmental and land‐use changes, and it probably will continue to thrive on certain sites. With a better appreciation of the biophysical and human geography that help explain the dynamics of eastern white pine in the Lake States, we can decide how directly we wish to help the species adapt to the rapidly changing environment.
Use of Ground‐based Radar for Climate‐Scale Studies of Weather and Rainfall
Authors: Matyas Corene J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractReflectivity data from weather radar provide information on the location and quantity of water and ice in the atmosphere at high spatial and temporal resolutions. Although the analysis of radar data facilitates spatially accurate climatologies of weather events and rainfall, relatively few studies have utilized data from the US Next Generation Radar (NEXRAD) network for climate‐scale research. Towards the goal of increasing the use of these data by geographers, this article details the collection of radar data, their limitations, and conversion into rainfall rates. Examples of climate‐scale research incorporating NEXRAD data are also presented. Although its capabilities to analyze temporal data are limited, the use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) by non‐geographers is growing. This suggests that the collaboration of geographers specializing in geospatial techniques with those pursuing research in climatology could develop new GIS‐based methods for the spatial analysis of radar data that facilitate climate‐scale research of weather patterns.
Seasonal Patterns of Nitrate Discharge from Forested Catchments: Information Derived from Japanese Case Studies
Authors: Ohte Nobuhito , Tokuchi Naoko , Fujimoto Masamitsu 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn recent decades, the seasonal variation of NO3− discharge from forest ecosystems has been increasingly used by ecologists and hydrologists as a diagnostic indicator of the nutrient status of ecosystems. Major factors controlling the seasonal patterns of stream NO3− concentrations include seasonal variations in (i) nutrient demands of the ecosystem, (ii) solute transport capability of the hydrological condition, and (iii) in‐stream nutrient usage and supply. In this article, we show how case studies have helped elucidate the dominant controlling factors by comparing data from Japanese catchments with previously compiled data from studies in North America and Europe, and explain the different influences hydrological and biogeochemical controls exert in rainy summer regions ( Japanese catchments) and dry summer regions (sites in the northeast United States and Europe). The seasonal variation of hydrological conditions is a predominant controlling factor in Japanese forests, whereas nutrient demand may predominate in the northeast United States and Europe. We emphasize that it is important to compare seasonal patterns among different climate regions to obtain more universal explanations of the seasonal variation in stream NO3− concentration. In addition, multi‐scale investigations will be needed to provide insight into the relative contribution of hillslope biogeochemical effects and the influences of in‐stream biological activities.
The Illusion of Equity: An Examination of Community Based Natural Resource Management and Inequality in Africa
Authors: Gibbes Cerian , Keys Eric 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis article examines the dual goals of community based natural resource management (CBNRM) as a way to protect the environment (specifically wildlife) and enhance the socio‐economic equity of communities. As described in the literature, CBNRM should integrate ecological sustainability, economic efficiency and social equity (Pagdee et al. 2006). Although occasionally successful at the first two ideal objectives, the enhancement of social equity is often wanting due to a priori assumptions about communities and resource management devolution. This article based largely on published literature, and addresses the constraints and opportunities for successful CBNRM in Africa, largely focusing on southern Africa as that part of the world has been one of the early testing grounds for these environmental management ideas.
Haemoglobinuria and hypophosphataemia in postparturient dairy cows without dietary deficiency of phosphorus
Authors: Jubb TF , Jerrett IV , Browning JW , Thomas KW 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYPostparturient haemogloblnuria occurred in 11 Holstein‐Friesian cows in 8 dairy herds in East Gippsland, Victoria. The affected cows had a wide range of ages, body condition and production level. Seven of 9 cows sampled were hypophosphataemic, 4 of 8 cows examined had Heinz bodies present in erythrocytes and strong ketonuria was present in 6 of 10 urine samples tested. Herdmates having similar calving dates had mostly normal serum phosphorus levels and none had Heinz bodies. There was no evidence for dietary phosphorus (P) deficiency, hypocuprosis or excessive P drain from high production being predisposing factors. There were no cruciferous plants in the diet. Haemolysis persisted in 4 cows despite treatment to raise serum P levels.An hyposthesis is proposed for the sporadic nature and clinical manifestations of the disease. This is based on mechanisms of hypophosphataemia occurring in man and mechanisms of Heinz body formation and haemolysis in other circumstances. We suggest that hypophosphataemia occurs following recovery from preparturient keto‐acidosis caused by undernutrition in late pregnancy and then becoming nutritionally replete in the early postparturient period. Circulating oxidants may cause erythrocyte damage which may be predisposed to by hypophosphataemia.
Electroejaculation in goats
Authors: Carter PD , Hamilton PA , Dufty JH 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYA comparison was made of a sine‐wave and a pulse‐wave electroejaculator for the collection of semen from male goats. Six animals were ejaculated once, using one or other instrument and 8 were ejaculated with each device with an intervening rest period. Comparing the sine‐wave with the pulse‐wave equipment, the mean total number of sperm collected was 5.3 × 109 and 2.1 × 109 cells respectively, in the first experiment and 4.0 × 109 and 1.0 × 109 cells, respectively, in the second experiment. In the latter experiment, a significant difference (p<0.05) was found in the sperm concentration, which was higher with the sine‐wave generator. This instrument, with controlled output, was considered less stressful to the animal.