bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF DADMARDAN, NEEM AND IVERMECTIN AGAINST SKIN LESIONS IN CALVES AND GOATS
Authors: Rahman M. M. , Mostofa M. , Barman V. G. , Mian R. , Mamun S.A. 
Published: November 2011

The experiment was conducted to investigate the comparative efficacy of indigenous medicinal plants, dadmardan (Cassia alata) and neem (Azadiracta indica) and ivermectin against skin lesions in calves and goats. Twelve calves of 8- 12 months and twelve goats of 1-2 years of age irrespective of sex having skin lesions (ringworm, scabies, humpsore, wounds) were used in the experiment. Selected calves and goats were divided into four equals groups (group A,BC and D), each group consists of 3 calves and 3goats. The group A kept as control group. The group B was treated with ivermectin (Cevamec 1%(R) @200 ug/kg body weight subcutaneously ,group C with dadmardan ointment (30%) ointment topically and group D with 30% combined ointment(dadmardan and neem leaves) topically. Calves and goats treated with ivermectin were almost cured within18 days and the rate of healing was 98.36% & 99.03% respectively whereas animals treated with dadmardan ointment cured at 30thdays of treatment in calves and at 27thdays of treatment in goats and the rate of healing was 99.80% & 99.88% respectively and those treated with combined ointments of dadmardan and neem leaves cured at 27thdays of treatment in calves and at 24th day of treatment in goats and the rate of healing was 99.94% & 99.35% respectively. Ivermectin treatment was more effective in comparison to other treatments considering the time required for healing. On the other hand, treatment with the onitmemts of indigenous medicinals plants were more effective considering the rate of healing. It may be concluded that the ointments of indigenous medicinals plants (dadmardan ointment and the combined ointment of dadmardan and neem leaves) may be used as alternative drugs for the treatment of skin lesions in calves and goats.
EFFECT OF SPINACH AGAINST ARSENIC TOXICITY IN RATS
Authors: Islam MZ , Awal MA , Mostofa M , Ghosh A , Khair A 
Published: November 2011

The present study was undertaken with a view to evaluate the efficacy of spinach against arsenic (As) induced toxicity in rats during the period between July to October 2008. Thirty six female Long Evans rats (age about 120days; average body weight at day 0 = 154.5g) were randomly divided into three equal groups (n=12) and marked as T0, T1 and T2 groups. Rats of T0 group were given normal feed and water and kept as control. Rats of T1 and T2 groups were given 5mg Sodium arsenite/kg body weight (BW) and 5mg Sodium arsenite/kg (BW) plus spinach extract 100 mg/kg body weight respectively daily for 30 days orally. Four rats from each group were sacrificed at 10 days interval in order to quantitatively determine the As content in liver, lungs and kidney by using Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and serum creatinine were determined by Autoanalyser. No visible clinical sign were observed in any group of experimental rats except loss of body weight in the spinach treated group. Tissue (lung, liver and kidney) concentration of As was significantly (p<0.01) higher in T1 group rats compared to that of T0 and T2 groups and the highest concentration of As was found in kidney followed by lung and liver in T1 group rats. After 30 days of feeding, spinach significantly (p<0.01) decreased As from lung, liver and kidney. As intoxication significantly (p<0.01) increased SGOT values but insignificantly decrease SGPT values and spinach treatment improve these condition. There was no significant effect found in serum creatinine level. It can be concluded that feeding of spinach could reduce body burden of As in rats.
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ECTOPARASITIC INFESTATIONS IN CATTLE AT BHAWAL FOREST AREA, GAZIPUR
Authors: Rony SA , Mondal MMH , Begum N , Islam MA , Affroze S 
Published: November 2011

To determine the prevalence of ectoparasitic infestation of cattle in and around the Bhawal forest area in Gazipur district in Bangladesh, an epidemiological investigation was carried out during the period from November 2008 to October 2009. Of 206 cattle examined, 132 (64.07%) were found to be infested with several species of ticks and lice. The prevalence rate was highest in case of Boophilus microplus (45.63%) followed by Rhipicephalus sanguineus (36.89%), Linognathus vituli ((23.30%), Haematopinus euysternus (17.96%), Hemaphysalis bispinosa (16.50%), and Damalinia bovis (8.25%). Results revealed that, older cattle aged > 8 years are more (71.11%) susceptible than that of adults aged > 2-8 years (67.74%), and young aged ≤2 years (47.05%). In females, prevalence of ectoparasitic infestation was observed significantly (p< 0.005) higher than that of male. Prevalence of ectoparasitic infestation was significantly (p<0.005) higher in animal reared under free range system than that of semi-intensive system and cattle with malnourished and poor health status were found to be significantly more vulnerable to such parasitic infestation than normal healthy cattle. Seasonal prevalence showed that, significantly (p<0.001) higher prevalence occurred in summer season (78.46%), followed by winter (62.85%) and rainy season (52.11%). Mean parasitic burden were 1.49±0.80 per square inches of heavily infected area. DOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v8i1.7399 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2010). 8(1): 27-33
Psycho-socio-sémiotique : Définitions et propositions
Authors: Chabrol Claude 
Published: November 2011

Dans une première partie, des définitions possibles mais inadéquates de la Psycho-socio-sémiotique (P.S.S) sont examinées et des objections mettant plus ou moins en cause sa légitimité écartées.
La P.S.S n'est pas plus une branche de la Sémiotique qu'une annexe de la Psycho-sociologie. Elle est une nouvelle discipline avec son propre principe de pertinence, sa théorie intégrée "inter-disciplinaire" ses méthodes et ses données spécifiques. Naturellement elle ne saurait être réduite à des démarches pluri-disciplinaires consistant à croiser variables psycho-sociologiques et langagières, sans hypothèses psycho-socio-langagières précises.
En un deuxième temps, référence est faite à E. Benveniste pour marquer le primat du mode de signifiance sémantique, soit de la question de la construction et de l'attribution de significations par les acteurs sociaux en situation.
Une compétence psycho-socio-pragmatique est postulée. Elle sera étudiée par enquêtes, observations et expérimentations. Son point de départ ou son entrée est constitué par les hypothèses que l'analyse sémio-linguistique du produit fini sémiotique permet d'élaborer à propos de sa Production et de sa Réception.
La compétence psycho-socio-pragmatique intègre ces hypothèses. Elle comprend une élaboration des normes , rôles et attitudes psycho-socio-langagiers, généraux ou spécifiques aux domaines de la pratique sociale ainsi que des cadres cognitifs psychiques et sociaux : classif icatoires (représentations supposées partagées) et narratifs (schémas d'actes complets), éléments nécessaires pour la production adéquate et l'interprétation correcte des discours sociaux.
En conclusion l'exemple des attitudes psycho-socio-langagières est examiné.
Les préférences ou rejets qu'elles entraînent chez les acteurs sociaux (effets de plaisir, de conviction...) sont rapportés à des comportements sémio-linguistiques donnés, caractéristiques.
Ceux-ci correspondraient à une série de choix sélectifs cohérents sur des dimensions sémio-linguistiques sous-jacentes.
Quelques remarques sur le sociologique et le sociolinguistique dans Langage et Société
Authors: Leimdorfer François , Tessonneau Alex-Louise 
Published: November 2011

A partir d'une lecture d'un certain nombre d'articles de "Langage et Société", les auteurs analysent, d'un point de vue sociologique, les rapports entre linguistique et sociologie. Ils se centrent sur les traitements de l'articulation entre un "interne" langagier ou discursif est un "externe" social dans les différents courants d'analyse du langagier et du discours, tels qu'ils apparaissent dans la revue.
Ils proposent en conclusion de considérer que l'analyse des discours permet de décrire des processus sociaux, plutôt que des "états" ou des structures.
Quand les linguistes ont mal aux mots et quand l'État prend les citoyens pour des gamins ou on n'en finit jamais avec la langue de bois
Authors: Calvet Louis-Jean 
Published: November 2011

Calvet Louis-Jean - When words hurt linguists and when the State takes its citizens for little children, or : there's no doing away with Newspeak.

In the USA the fashion of "political correctness" has given birth to an oversimplification of the relationships between form and meaning : to think "correctly" today is easy, you just have to find the right words... And this naive analysis is answered for not only by the man in the street, but also by certain linguists.
Faced with the rebirth of Newspeak, should linguists not be the first to criticize this futile confusion ?
Rapport dynamique entre l'oral monologal surveillé et l'écrit rédigé : une étude empirique
Authors: Boubnova Galina 
Published: November 2011

Galina Boubnova - The dynamics between careful monologai speech and the formal written style: an empirical study.

This empirical study of scientific discourse is organized along two main lines. Analysing the discourse process of speech in order to extract the material surdeterminations proper to the oral order: pluridimensionnal encoding, irreversibility, linear progression. These specifics of oral encoding, coped with by the speaker at the cognitive level, are visible through a close interaction between the prosodie and syntactic components. A special analytical grid is thus devised in order to avoid distorting the observable reality of monologai oral speech.
The second main line deals with the analysis of transcoding written to oral speech and vice-versa. It displays the strategies that the speakers use to go from one system to the other and permits one to characterize the transformations undergone in the process.
Fonctions de l'alternance des langues chez des enfants bilingues francophones-anglophones
Authors: Giancarli Pierre-Don 
Published: November 2011

GIANCARLI Pierre-Don - Fonctions de l'alternance des langues
chez des enfants bilingues francophones-anglophones.

Un bilingue face à un autre bilingue parlant les mêmes langues X et Y que lui a tendance à donner libre cours à une exploitation des ressources de ses deux langues, d'où de fréquents contacts de langues en production. Mais en plus des ressources propres à chacune de ses langues, le bilingue a la possibilité d'alterner en entre celles-ci, ce qui constitue un type de contact appelé alternance ou "switching", que nous définirons comme passage complet (à la fois conscient et non-imposé) de X à Y résultant d'une activation en succession des systèmes linguistiques correspondant à X et à Y. Pourquoi les enfants bilingues ont-ils recours à l'alternance de langues ? Le présent article propose quelques réponses à cette question.
Protein Structural Domains: Definition and Prediction
Authors: Ezkurdia Iakes , Tress Michael L. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractRecognition and prediction of structural domains in proteins is an important part of structure and function prediction. This unit lists the range of tools available for domain prediction, and describes sequence and structural analysis tools that complement domain prediction methods. Also detailed are the basic domain prediction steps, along with suggested strategies for different protein sequences and potential pitfalls in domain boundary prediction. The difficult problem of domain orientation prediction is also discussed. All the resources necessary for domain boundary prediction are accessible via publicly available Web servers and databases and do not require computational expertise. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. 66:2.14.1‐2.14.16. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Survey of Protein Engineering Strategies
Authors: Bornscheuer Uwe , Kazlauskas Romas J. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractProtein engineering is altering the structure of a protein to improve or change its properties. This unit summarizes concepts for protein engineering using rational design, directed evolution, and combinations of them. Different strategies are presented for identifying the best mutagenesis method, how to identify desired variants by screening or selection, and examples for successful applications are given. This should enable researchers to choose the most promising tools to solve their protein engineering challenges. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. 66:26.7.1‐26.7.14. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Back‐and‐forth endoscopic septoplasty: analysis of the technique and outcomes
Authors: Trimarchi Matteo , Bellini Chiara , Toma Salvatore , Bussi Mario 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground:To describe our clinical experience in 218 consecutive patients undergoing endoscopic back‐and‐forth septoplasty (EBFS), examining surgical indications, technique, and follow‐up.Methods:From January 2005 to November 2008, 218 patients underwent EBFS at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy. The indication for EBFS in this series was nasal airway obstruction (NAO). Patients were studied with nasal rigid endoscopy and in some cases computed tomography (CT) was used to exclude rhinosinusitis. The most common concomitant diagnoses included allergic rhinitis and turbinate hypertrophy. EBFS facilitates the interruption of perichondrial and periosteal bridges, which are more represented in the anterior portion of the septum between the caudal quadrangular cartilage and the vomeropremaxillary crest. Septal splints were positioned. No nasal packing was required.Results:No cases required conversion to a traditional headlight approach, and no intraoperative complications were encountered. Intraoperative mucosal microlacerations occurred in 77.98% of cases; suturing was required in only 8.25% of cases. Of 218 patients, 74.77% experienced resolution of NAO, while 16.06% experienced only improvement; 9.17% noted the persistence of symptoms. Complications included transient dental pain/hypesthesia (6.88%), septal hematoma (5.04%), synechiae formation (2.29%), epistaxis (1.83%), septal perforation (1.83%), cheek swelling (0.45%), and septal abscess (0.45%).Conclusion:EBFS as a variation of endoscopic septoplasty (ES) represents a viable procedure with good outcomes and a low rate of complications. The technique allows lysis of tissue fibers while preserving the integrity of mucosa at the critical area using less force and reduces the probability of mucosal tears, based on embryologic knowledge of anatomical dissection. © 2011 ARS‐AAOA, LLC.
Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Colloidal Inorganic Nanocrystals
Authors: Baghbanzadeh Mostafa , Carbone Luigi , Cozzoli P. Davide , Kappe C. Oliver 
Published: November 2011

AbstractColloidal inorganic nanocrystals stand out as an important class of advanced nanomaterials owing to the flexibility with which their physical–chemical properties can be controlled through size, shape, and compositional engineering in the synthesis stage and the versatility with which they can be implemented into technological applications in fields as diverse as optoelectronics, energy conversion/production, catalysis, and biomedicine. The use of microwave irradiation as a non‐classical energy source has become increasingly popular in the preparation of nanocrystals (which generally involves complex and time‐consuming processing of molecular precursors in the presence of solvents, ligands and/or surfactants at elevated temperatures). Similar to its now widespread use in organic chemistry, the efficiency of “microwave flash heating” in dramatically reducing overall processing times is one of the main advantages associated with this technique. This Review illustrates microwave‐assisted methods that have been developed to synthesize colloidal inorganic nanocrystals and critically evaluates the specific roles that microwave irradiation may play in the formation of these nanomaterials.
The experimental results and simulation of temperature dependence of brittle‐ductile transition in PVC/CPE blends and PVC/CPE/nano‐CaCO3 composites
Authors: You Feng , Chen Guangshun , Zou Jiajia , Yang Zhuo , Guo Shaoyun 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe effect of chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) content and test temperature on the notched Izod impact strength and brittle‐ductile transition behaviors for polyvinylchloride (PVC)/CPE blends and PVC/CPE/nano‐CaCO3 ternary composites is studied. The CPE content and the test temperature regions are from 0–50 phr and 243–363 K, respectively. It is found that the optimum nano‐CaCO3 content is 15 phr for PVC/CPE/nano‐CaCO3 ternary composites. For both PVC/CPE blends and PVC/CPE/nano‐CaCO3 ternary composites, the impact strength is improved remarkably when the CPE content or test temperature is higher than the critical value, that is, brittle‐ductile transition content (CBD) or brittle‐ductile transition temperature (TBD). The TBD is closely related to the CPE content, the higher the CPE content, the lower the TBD. The temperature dependence of impact strength for PVC/CPE blends and PVC/CPE/nano‐CaCO3 ternary composites can be well simulated with a logistic fitting model, and the simulation results can be illustrated with the percolation model proposed by Wu and Jiang. DMA results reveal that both PVC and CPE can affect the TBD of PVC/CPE blends and PVC/CPE/nano‐CaCO3 composites. When the CPE content is enough (20 phr), the CPE is more important than PVC for determining the TBD of PVC/CPE blends and PVC/CPE/nano‐CaCO3 composites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations reveal that the impact fractured mechanism can change from brittle to ductile with increasing test temperature for these PVC systems. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Hydrogels for water filters: Characterization and regeneration
Authors: Ahmed Abd El‐Shafey I. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAcrylic acid was crosslinked with N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide followed by a reaction with hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) to form a new hydrogel, Gel (2). Water absorbance rate and retention of Gel (2) were characterized. At the same time, factors affecting absorbance rate such as pH, temperature, and ions concentration were studied. The rate decreased with decreasing pH and increasing ions concentration, whereas increased with raising temperature. The effect of the hydrogel on bacterial (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) viability and growth rate was determined. Gel (2) has achieved a 5 log reduction on both E. coli and S. aureus in 2 h while no cells were detected after 3 h in case of S. aureus and 4 h in case of E. coli. Lifetime and regeneration of Gel (2) using both stirred flask and column (a model for a water filter) methods were determined. Identifying the lifetime using columns showed that the gel stays active up to 5 and 7 runs for both E. coli and S. aureus respectively. In addition, it was recycled successfully up to 10 times, using column and stirred flask methods, against both types of bacteria. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Effect of flexibility of ethylene vinyl acetate and crystallization of polypropylene on the mechanical properties of i‐PP/EVA blends
Authors: Kakkar Dipti , Maiti S. N. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPolymer blend technology has been widely used for the past several years for the modification or enhancement of mechanical properties of polymers to obtain an overall balance of properties over those of the constituents. Despite its interesting mechanical and thermal properties, the impact strength of polypropylene leaves wide scope for improvement. A series of blends of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer with an impact grade of isotactic polypropylene (i‐PP) were prepared by single screw extrusion at 0–0.32 volume fraction of the dispersed phase. The mechanical properties such as tensile behavior, elongation‐at‐break, and impact strength of these blends systems as well as crystallinity were evaluated. Crystallinity data have been used in greater depth to support the mechanical properties. Differential scanning calorimetry studies conducted to study the modification in crystallinity of the crystalline component, i‐PP, of the blend revealed that the rubber component of the blend enhanced the crystallinity of i‐PP phase by providing sites for nucleation. Tensile modulus and strength decreased while the impact strength and breaking elongation enhanced with blending elastomer concentration. The improved properties of these PP/EVA blends are encouraging for carrying out further work on this system (composites) and suggest potential high impact strength applications for PP. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Studies of AC conductivity and dielectric relaxation behavior of CdO‐doped nanometric polyaniline
Authors: Roy Aashis S. , Anilkumar Koppalkar R. , Prasad M. V. N. Ambika 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe Cadmium oxide doped in nanocrystalline polyaniline (CdO/PANI) composite were prepared with various weight percentages by in situ polymerization method using aniline, ammonium per sulfate, and CdO as starting materials. The frequency dependent conductivity and dielectric behavior of PANI/CdO composites have been studied. The formation of nano PANI and PANI/CdO composites with regards to the structural and microstructural properties of the materials were investigated by XRD, FTIR, and SEM techniques. The variation of σac with frequency obeys Jonscher power law except a small deviation in the low frequency region and is due to dipole polarization effect. The σac increases with increase in CdO concentration. Studies of dielectric properties at lower frequencies show that the relaxation behavior is superimposed by dipole polarization effect. The appearance of peak for each concentration in the loss tangent suggests the presence of relaxing dipoles in the PANI/CdO composite. On addition of CdO, the peak shifts toward higher frequency side indicating the speed up of the relaxation time. Analysis of frequency dependent dielectric suggests that the electronic and polymer segmental motions are strongly coupled. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012