bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Haploidentical bone marrow transplantation in Mexico
Authors: Vázquez‐Meraz José Eugenio , Arellano‐Galindo José , Mendoza‐García Emma , Jiménez‐Hernández Elva , Avalos Armando Martínez , Guadarrama Norma Velázquez , Arangure Juan Manuel Mejía 
Published: March 2012

AbstractHaploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation using CD34+ cells depleted of T lymphocytes by the CliniMACS is a treatment for hematological malignancy. We report on four Mexican children, three with acute lymphocytic leukemia and one with chronic myelocytic leukemia, who was transplanted with 12 × 106 CD34+ stem cells/kg body weight (98% of purity) with a follow‐up of $9{\textstyle{{1} \over {2}}}$ years. The engraftment was successful in three of the four children. All showed cytomegalovirus reactivation, and one died because of graft rejection and infectious complication. The risk of infections was a major problem. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59: 950–952. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An exploratory epidemiological study of Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Authors: Venkatramani Rajkumar , Rosenberg Shira , Indramohan Gitanjali , Jeng Michael , Jubran Rima 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe explored potential risk factors associated with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) in a predominantly Hispanic population in Los Angeles. Sixty children with LCH (cases) and, 150 randomly selected patients (controls) were interviewed. There was no statistically significant difference between cases and controls in the following: Family history of thyroid disease, smokers in the family, maternal problems during pregnancy, and pesticide exposure. Cases were more likely to report a family history of cancer (OR 2.5), infection during infancy (OR 2.76), and parental occupational exposure to metal, granites, or wood dust (OR 2.48). Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59: 1324–1326. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Health literacy variables related to parents' understanding of their child's cancer prognosis
Authors: Miller Kimberly S. , Vannatta Kathryn , Vasey Michael , Yeager Nicholas , Compas Bruce E. , Gerhardt Cynthia A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundObtaining an accurate understanding of a child's cancer prognosis can help parents make informed decisions about treatment. Research has shown that parents tend to overestimate their child's cancer prognosis relative to physicians. Thus, we examined whether the content of physician communication, parent sources of medical information, and parent demographic factors affected the association between oncologist and parent estimates of a child's cancer prognosis.ProcedureFamilies were recruited 3–8 weeks after a child's new diagnosis or relapse of cancer. Parents (77 mothers; 42 fathers) completed questionnaires regarding their sources of medical information, age, and education. The child's oncologist reported on the content of their communication with parents regarding prognosis. Parents and oncologists estimated the child's chance of 5‐year survival using a visual‐analogue scale.ResultsMothers and fathers reported a more favorable prognosis for their child, which was on average about 30% higher than oncologists. Time since diagnosis was correlated with less discrepancy between physician and mother prognosis ratings, with a similar trend noted for fathers. Agreement between oncologists and parents was better for younger fathers, but it was unrelated to physician communication, sources of medical information, or other demographic factors.ConclusionsFathers' age may be important to their understanding of their child's cancer prognosis, but we did not find support for other factors related to prognosis literacy. Given the homogeneity of our sample, future research should assess differences in parents' prognosis knowledge across cancer diagnosis, race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status (SES), which may aid in developing interventions to improve parent understanding. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59: 914–918. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Low‐velocity impact response in composite plates embedding shape memory alloy wires
Authors: Pappadà Silvio , Rametta Rocco , Largo Alessandro , Maffezzoli Alfonso 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn this work, the behavior of hybrid composite plates, embedding superelastic shape memory alloy (SMA) wires, subjected to low‐velocity impacts was studied. The impact experiments were performed on glass reinforced thermoset composite plates containing 1% by volume of superelastic thin wires (0.1 mm of diameter) of a SMA. The specimens were impacted with instrumented drop weight impact equipment: different dropping heights were used to attain impact energies from 1 to 500 J. The shape and size of damaged area were analyzed using two nondestructive inspection methods: (1) light scattering under back illumination was used to observe minor damages such as matrix cracks and fiber matrix debonding and (2) the size and shape of large damages such as delaminations were evaluated by infrared thermography. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
On the morphology of polymer‐based photovoltaics
Authors: Liu Feng , Gu Yu , Jung Jae Woong , Jo Won Ho , Russell Thomas P. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe review the morphologies of polymer‐based solar cells and the parameters that govern the evolution of the morphologies and describe different approaches to achieve the optimum morphology for a BHJ OPV. While there are some distinct differences, there are also some commonalities. It is evident that morphology and the control of the morphology are important for device performance and, by controlling the thermodynamics, in particular, the interactions of the components, and by controlling kinetic parameters, like the rate of solvent evaporation, crystallization and phase separation, optimized morphologies for a given system can be achieved. While much research has focused on P3HT, it is evident that a clearer understanding of the morphology and the evolution of the morphology in low bad gap polymer systems will increase the efficiency further. While current OPVs are on the verge of breaking the 10% barrier, manipulating and controlling the morphology will still be key for device optimization and, equally important, for the fabrication of these devices in an industrial setting. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2012
Complex Responses of Microorganisms as a Community to a Flowing Atmospheric Plasma
Authors: Bayliss Danny L. , Walsh James L. , Iza Felipe , Shama Gilbert , Holah John , Kong Michael G. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIt is well known that microorganisms are highly adaptable to changing microenvironments and to a diversity of external stresses. To investigate this, a vacuum filtration technique was used to deposit Listeria innocua cells in a single monolayer onto a membrane and a pulsed radio‐frequency atmospheric plasma plume was used to treat such samples. Unexpectedly however, the resulting inactivation kinetics were biphasic despite the initial homogeneity. This paper reveals complex cascading events in the microbial community, starting with the emergence of discrete isles of cell aggregates, through their evolution into what we refer to as “cell refuges” that protect viable cells from subsequent plasma treatment and finally, the disintegration of the cell refuges leaving only a thin layer of fragmented cell debris. It is shown that plasma‐mediated cell aggregates and cell refuges introduce heterogeneity and are key to explaining the biphasic inactivation kinetics. The evolving surface architecture of the bacterial community could lead to the regulation of plasma species that the bacteria come to be exposed to. All of these factors could strongly affect the role played by charged plasma species involved in plasma–cell interactions. The complex and dynamically evolving responses of the bacteria to the gaseous plasma do not conform to the spatial distribution of the plasma, thus representing a process of self‐organization. Plasma‐mediated self‐organization of cell refuges and their selective screening of plasma species are perhaps only early signs of the undoubtedly sophisticated ability of microorganisms as a community to respond to the action of plasmas.magnified image
Evidence for fractional filling in ultrathin GaInN/GaN multiple‐quantum wells
Authors: Tit Nacir 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe (Ga1 − xInxN)Nw/GaN single‐ and multiple‐quantum wells (SQWs, MQWs) are theoretically investigated using the sp3s* tight‐binding (TB) method, with inclusion of spin–orbit coupling. Because of the huge mismatch in both the lattice constant and the energy gap between the constituent materials, two trends are shown to clearly put on display: (i) the existence of two types of confinement characters inside the deep wells of GaInN. The bound states at the bottom of the well are found to be singlets and to follow the power‐law quantum confinement (QC) character, similar to the case of a single particle in a quantum box. Whereas the bound states at the top of the well follow the exponential localization as being relatively weaker in their QC characters. (ii) In the limit of ultrathin quantum wells (QWs), the indium content is found to be restricted to remain low if coherent growth is aimed. This restriction is found to be natural as a compromise to maintain the growth free of misfit dislocations. For instance, in case of 1‐ML thick QWs, the indium content is found to be as low as ranging in the interval 0.15 < x < 0.25. Such restriction is corroborated by recent experimental evidence. The favorable modeling of our theoretical results to recent photoluminescence data further support our claims.
DynaChannAl: dynamic channel allocation with minimal end‐to‐end delay for two‐tier wireless sensor networks
Authors: Ko JeongGil , Mishra Amitabh 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTWith recent advances in wireless networking and in low‐power sensor technology, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have taken significant roles in various applications. Whereas some WSNs only require minimal bandwidth, newer applications operate with a noticeably larger amount of data. One way to deal with these applications is to maximize the available capacity by utilizing multiple wireless channels. We propose DynaChannAl, a distributed dynamic wireless channel allocation algorithm that effectively distributes nodes to multiple wireless channels in WSNs. Specifically, DynaChannAl targets applications where mobile nodes connect to preexisting wireless backbones and takes the expected end‐to‐end queuing delay as its core metric. We used the link quality indicator values provided by 802.15.4 radios to whitelist high‐quality links and evaluate these links with the aggregated queuing latency, making it useful for applications that require minimal end‐to‐end delay (i.e., health care). DynaChannAl is a lightweight and adoptable scheme that can be incorporated easily with predeveloped systems. As the first study to consider end‐to‐end latency as the core metric for channel allocation in WSNs, we evaluate DynaChannAl on a 45 node test bed and show that DynaChannAl successfully distributes source nodes to different channels and enables them to select channels and links that minimizes the end‐to‐end latency. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Partitive clustering (K‐means family)
Authors: Xiao Yu , Yu Jian 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPartitional clustering is an important part of cluster analysis. Cluster analysis can be considered as one of the the most important approaches to unsupervised learning. The goal of clustering is to find clusters from unlabeled data, which means that data belonging to the same cluster are as similar as possible, whereas data belonging to different clusters are as dissimilar as possible. Partitional clustering is categorized as a prototype‐based model, i.e., each cluster can be represented by a prototype, leading to a concise description of the original data set. According to different definitions of prototypes, such as data point, hyperplane, and hypersphere, the clustering methods can be categorized into different types of clustering algorithms with various prototypes. Besides organizing these partitional clustering methods into such a unified framework, relations between some commonly used nonpartitional clustering methods and partitional clustering methods are also discussed here. We give a brief overview of clustering, summarize well‐known partitional clustering methods, and discuss the major challenges and key issues of these methods. Simple numerical experiments using toy data sets are carried out to enhance the description of various clustering methods. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.This article is categorized under:Algorithmic Development > Structure DiscoveryFundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Knowledge RepresentationTechnologies > Structure Discovery and Clustering
Pyrrole‐2‐carbaldehyde Thiosemicarbazonates of Nickel(II) and Palladium(II): Synthesis, Structure, and Spectroscopy
Authors: Lobana Tarlok S. , Kumari Poonam , Bawa Gagandeep , Hundal Geeta , Butcher Ray J. , Fernandez Francisco J. , Jasinski Jerry P. , Golen James A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractComplexes of pyrrole‐2‐carbaldehyde thiosemicarbazones, [(C4H4N4)(H)C2=N3–N2(H)–C1(=S)–N1HR; R = Ph, H2L1; Me, H2L2; H, H2L3] with nickel(II) and palladium(II) are described. The reaction of nickel(II) acetate with H2L1 in methanol in 1:1 molar ratio yielded a complex of composition, [Ni(κ2‐N3,S‐HL1)2] (1). Likewise reaction of NiCl2 with H2L2 in 1:1 molar ratio in acetonitrile in the presence of triethylamine base followed by the addition of pyridine did not yield the anticipated [Ni(κ3‐N4,N3,S‐L2)(py)] complex, moreover a bis‐square‐planar complex, [Ni(κ2‐N3,S‐HL2)2] (2) was formed. However, in the presence of bipyridine (bipy), it yielded the addition product, [Ni(κ2‐N3,S‐HL2)2(κ2‐N, N‐bipy)] (3). Reaction of PdCl2(κ2‐P, P–PPh2–CH2–PPh2) with H2L3 in toluene in the presence of triethylamine has yielded a complex of stoichiometry, [Pd(κ3‐N4,N3,S–L3)(κ1‐P–PPh2–CH2–P(O)Ph2] (4). The ligands (HL1)– and (HL2)– are chelating to NiII metal atom as anions binding through N3,S‐donor atoms with pendant pyrrole groups, and (L3)2– is chelating to the PdII metal atom as dianion through N4,N3,S‐donor atoms (pyrrole is N4‐bonded). Fourth site in 4 is bonded to one P‐donor atom of PPh2–CH2–P(O)Ph2, whose pendant –PPh2 group involves auto oxidation to –P(O)PPh2 during reaction. These complexes were characterized using analytical data, IR, NMR (1H, 31P) spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography. Complexes 1, 2, and 4 have square‐planar arrangement, whereas complex 3 is octahedral.
The impact of emergency obstetric care training in Somaliland, Somalia
Authors: Ameh Charles , Adegoke Adetoro , Hofman Jan , Ismail Fouzia M. , Ahmed Fatuma M. , van den Broek Nynke 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo provide and evaluate in‐service training in “Life Saving Skills – Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care” in order to improve the availability of emergency obstetric care (EmOC) in Somaliland.MethodsIn total, 222 healthcare providers (HCPs) were trained between January 2007 and December 2009. A before–after study was conducted using quantitative and qualitative methods to evaluate trainee reaction and change in knowledge, skills, and behavior, in addition to functionality of healthcare facilities, during and immediately after training, and at 3 and 6 months post‐training.ResultsThe HCPs reacted positively to the training, with a significant improvement in 50% of knowledge and 100% of skills modules assessed. The HCPs reported improved confidence in providing EmOC. Basic and comprehensive EmOC healthcare facilities provided 100% of expected signal functions—compared with 43% and 56%, respectively, at baseline—with trained midwives performing skills usually performed by medical doctors. Lack of drugs, supplies, medical equipment, and supportive policy were identified as barriers that could contribute to nonuse of new skills and knowledge acquired.ConclusionThe training impacted positively on the availability and quality of EmOC and resulted in “up‐skilling” of midwives.
Openness versus secrecy? Historical and historiographical remarks
Authors: VERMEIR KOEN 
Published: March 2012

AbstractTraditional historiography of science has constructed secrecy in opposition to openness. In the first part of the paper, I will challenge this opposition. Openness and secrecy are often interlocked, impossible to take apart, and they might even reinforce each other. They should be understood as positive (instead of privative) categories that do not necessarily stand in opposition to each other. In the second part of this paper, I call for a historicization of the concepts of ‘openness’ and ‘secrecy’. Focusing on the early modern period, I briefly introduce three kinds of secrecy that are difficult to analyse with a simple oppositional understanding of openness and secrecy. In particular, I focus on secrecy in relation to esoteric traditions, theatricality and allegory.
THE TIMING OF TORTIOUS AND CRIMINAL ACTIONS FOR THE SAME WRONG
Authors: Dyson Matthew 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis paper traces a key example of the overlap between tort and crime and explains the impact of how disjointed English legal thinking has been. For about 400 years English civil courts have accepted some form of pre-eminence of the criminal law where civil and serious criminal liability co-exist. This has often been described as the rule that “a trespass merges in a felony” though a more neutral term would be a “timing rule”. The development of the timing rules casts light on how English legal reasoning has approached the relationship between the victim and the state, the procedural context of substantive rules and the impact rules in one area of law can have elsewhere.
In vitro screening for cestocidal activity of three species of Cassia plants against the tapeworm Raillietina tetragona
Authors: Kundu S. , Lyndem L.M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractDifferent species of Cassia plant are widely available in India and are commonly used either for their laxative, antimicrobial or antibacterial activity. In the present study the effectiveness in vitro of the crude alcoholic extracts of three species, namely Cassia alata, C. occidentalis and C. angustifolia, in the early paralysis and mortality of the fowl tapeworm Raillietina tetragona at concentrations ranging from 5 to 80 mg/ml was investigated. Time of paralysis and death were monitored frequently. Immediately after paralysis the tapeworms were processed for electron microscopic studies. While the untreated or control parasites survived for 81.93 ± 5.85 h, the parasites treated with C. alata took less time (1.68 ± 0.27 h) to be paralysed, followed by those treated with C. angustifolia (2.95 ± 0.29 h). Although C. occidentalis took more time (4.13 ± 0.31 h) to paralyse, in combination with either C. alata or C. angustifolia the time taken to paralyse became shorter. All the plant-treated parasites showed irrevocable changes in the scolex and proglottids as compared with the control, and these observations are comparable with those obtained with praziquantel. These results indicate that the three plants tested can be claimed to have anthelmintic activity in addition to their known properties, both when used individually and in combination. Further investigations will be required to evaluate their mechanism of action.
Nonlinear low-frequency structures in an electron–positron–ion plasma
Authors: MOOLLA S. , LAZARUS I. J. , BHARUTHRAM R. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractNonlinear ion cyclotron and ion-acoustic waves have been studied in an electron–positron–ion plasma. Using Boltzmann distributions for the electrons and positrons and fluid equations for the ions, a set of nonlinear equations in the rest frame of the propagating wave is derived and numerically solved for the electric field. A scan of parameter space reveals a range of solutions for the parallel electric field, from sinusoidal to sawtooth to highly spiky waveforms. The results are compared with satellite observations.
Exchange rate regimes in the major Latin American countries since the 1950s: lessons from history
Authors: Frenkel Roberto , Rapetti Martín 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe paper analyses exchange rate regimes implemented by the major Latin American (LA) countries since the 1950s, with special attention to the period beginning in the 1970s. The aim is to evaluate the relationship between exchange rate regimes and macroeconomic performance. After an overview of the main trends followed by the major LA countries over the last 60 years, the paper focusses on regimes that were implemented (1) with stabilisation purposes (nominal anchor) and (2) with the aim of targeting competitive and stable real exchange rates. These sections analyse in greater detail some important links between exchange rate regimes and macroeconomic performance. The paper closes with an assessment of the experiences with exchange rate regimes in LA.
On the Seifert graphs of a link diagram and its parallels
Authors: HUGGETT STEPHEN , MOFFATT IAIN , VIRDEE NATALIA 
Published: March 2012

AbstractRecently, Dasbach, Futer, Kalfagianni, Lin and Stoltzfus extended the notion of a Tait graph by associating a set of ribbon graphs (or, equivalently, cellularly embedded graphs) to a link diagram. Here we focus on Seifert graphs, which are the ribbon graphs of a knot or link diagram that arise from Seifert states. We provide a characterization of Seifert graphs in terms of Eulerian subgraphs. This characterization can be viewed as a refinement of the fact that Seifert graphs are bipartite. We go on to examine the family of ribbon graphs that arises by forming the parallels of a link diagram and determine how the genus of the ribbon graph of ar-fold parallel of a link diagram is related to that of the original link diagram.
Stability of backwater‐influenced river bifurcations: A study of the Mississippi‐Atchafalaya system
Authors: Edmonds D. A. 
Published: March 2012

In this paper I use numerical modeling to show that the hydraulic backwater profile creates a feedback that may stabilize river bifurcations. The numerical model simulates flow and sediment transport in the Mississippi‐Atchafalaya River system without the Old River Control Structure. The results show that bifurcation evolution strongly depends on the discharge upstream of the bifurcation. At upstream discharges greater than 12600 m3 s−1 the Atchafalaya River discharge increases through time at the expense of the Mississippi River. Interestingly, at upstream discharges lower than 12600 m3 s−1 the opposite occurs and the Mississippi River discharge increases at the expense of the Atchafalaya River. The capture direction changes because the backwater profile of each river varies enough at high and low discharge to invert the water surface slope ratio. These results suggest that the capture direction would change at high and low flow, which would have a stabilizing effect by preventing the runaway growth of one channel. Accounting for this, I calculate that in the absence of the Old River Control Structure capture would not happen catastrophically, but rather the Atchafalaya River would capture the Mississippi River in ∼300 years from present day.
Identification of transcription factor genes and their correlation with the high diversity of Stramenopiles
Authors: Buitrago Francisco , Restrepo Silvia , Riaño-Pachón Diego 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn this study we identify, and classify into families, transcription factors (TFs) and other transcriptional regulators (TRs) in genome sequences available from the Stramenopile group. For this we exploit the presence of protein domains and their combinations to build rules in the form of boolean rules, that are specific for each family of TFs and TRs. We found a correlation between the family size and some traits that has been described to be involved in the complexity of organisms. Furthermore, we found specific gains, losses and families that shows higher abundance in different lineages, which may be involved in the regulation of specific traits for some Stramenopile species.