bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grasping the structure of journal articles: Utilizing the functions of information units
Authors: Zhang Lei 
Published: November 2011

AbstractFew studies have been done concerning document components and their effects on information use. This research empirically tested a taxonomy of functional units in a prototype journal system. This taxonomy was developed by identifying functions of the smallest information units within four journal article components (i.e., introduction, methods, results, discussion), and their associations with information tasks of using journal articles. Experimental results show that functional units can be utilized in supporting navigation, close reading, comprehension, and information use of journal articles to various extents. The results provide evidence that an individual functional unit has varying relevance to information use tasks, and has varying relevance to other functional units in the same or another component for a particular task. This research suggests that the information within a journal article can be organized and presented by functions to enhance effectiveness and efficiency in reading process and reading outcome.
Risk Factors of Cardiac Troponin T Elevation in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease After Elective Coronary Drug‐Eluting Stent Implantation
Authors: Chen Zhang‐Wei , Qian Ju‐Ying , Ma Jian‐Ying , Ge Lei , Ge Jun‐Bo 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground:Cardiac troponin T elevation after coronary intervention has been demonstrated to be associated with the prognosis of coronary artery disease (CAD). However, there were few studies about comprehensive risk factors analysis of troponin T elevation after elective drug‐eluting stent (DES) implantation.Hypothesis:The prognosis of CAD after coronary interventions was associated with clinical and procedural risk factors of CAD, such as age, hypertension, severity extent of CAD and so on.Methods:From March to December in 2010, patients with stable CAD were admitted for elective coronary intervention in our hospital. They were divided into an elevated troponin T group and a normal troponin T group by postprocedural troponin T. Clinical factors, laboratory‐test factors, and angiographic factors (such as gender, age, cholesterol, Gensini score, and others) were analyzed.Results:A total of 209 patients with an average age of 64.0 ± 9.9 years were enrolled in the study: 70 patients with elevated troponin T (≥0.03 ng/mL) after DES implantation and 139 patients with normal troponin T (<0.03 ng/mL). After univariate analysis, we found that age, hypertension, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (LDL‐C), Gensini score, number of stenosed vessels, and total implanted stents were associated with postprocedural troponin T elevation. According to the results of multivariate analysis, we found that age, total cholesterol, number of stenosed vessels, and number of implanted stents were independent risk factors of postprocedural troponin T elevation.Conclusions:Age, serum total cholesterol, number of stenosed vessels, and number of implanted stents could be independent risk factors of troponin T elevation after elective DES implantation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Z. Chen and J. Qian contributed equally to the article.This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30671998 and
30901383).The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Differential Effect of β‐Blockers for Heart Rate Control in Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Cordero Alberto , Bertomeu‐González Vicente , Mazón Pilar , Moreno‐Arribas José , Fácila Lorenzo , Bueno Héctor , González‐Juanatey Jose R. , Bertomeu‐Martínez Vicente 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground:Resting heart rate is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is mainly controlled by β‐blockers (BBs). BBs are part of the optimal medical treatment for coronary artery disease (CAD), and their benefit correlates with resting heart rate (RHR) reduction.Hypothesis:RHR is poorly controlled in daily practice among patients with stable cardiovascular disease, and control is only achieved by some BBs.Methods:Observational, cross‐sectional, and multicenter study of CAD patients recruited nationwide from 20 institutions. Antecedents, risk factors, and treatments were collected. Controlled RHR was considered at <70 bpm.Results:The mean age of the 2897 patients included was 67.4 years (11.4%), and 75.9% were males. Patients treated with a BB (56.5%) had a lower mean age and comorbidities. The mean RHR was 69.6 bpm (12.6). A significantly lower RHR was observed in patients treated with a BB compared to the rest (67.2 vs 73.0 bpm; P<0.01), and no difference was observed in patients treated with a calciumchannel blocker (CCB). The analysis by individual agents identified that only patients treated with atenolol, bisoprolol, and metoprolol had significantly lower RHR than those not receiving a BB. No differences were observed in mean doses of each agent according to RHR control, except for verapamil. BB treatment was independently associated with RHR control (odds ratio [OR]: 2.42, 95% CI: 2.05–2.87; P<0.01), and no association was found for nondihydropyridine CCBs (OR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.96–1.02; P = 0.38). Bisoprolol (OR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.38–1.78; P<0.01), atenolol (OR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.57–3.49; P<0.01), and metoprolol (OR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.04–1618; P = 0.04) were independently associated with RHR control.Conclusions:RHR is poorly controlled in CAD patients, and although BBs are the most efficient therapy, in daily clinical practice RHR <70 bpm is only independently associated with atenolol, bisoprolol, or metoprolol. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The TRECE registry has an unrestricted grant from Servier Laboratories, Spain. The authors have no other funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Regulation of epithelial permeability by the actin cytoskeleton
Authors: Rodgers Laurel S. , Fanning Alan S. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe actin cytoskeleton is a dynamic structure necessary for cell and tissue organization, including the maintenance of epithelial barriers. The epithelial barrier regulates the movement of ions, macromolecules, immune cells, and pathogens, and is thus essential for normal organ function. Disruption in the epithelial barrier has been shown to coincide with alterations of the actin cytoskeleton in several disease states. These disruptions primarily manifest as increased movement through the paracellular space, which is normally regulated by tight junctions (TJ). Despite extensive research demonstrating a direct link between the actin cytoskeleton and epithelial permeability, our understanding of the physiological mechanisms that link permeability and tight junction structure are still limited. In this review, we explore the role of the actin cytoskeleton at TJ and present several areas for future study. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Automated extraction of the femoral anatomical axis for determining the intramedullary rod parameters in total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Van Cauter S. , De Beule M. , Van Haver A. , Verdonk P. , Verhegghe B. 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYThe automated extraction of anatomical reference parameters may improve speed, precision and accuracy of surgical procedures. In this study, an automated method for extracting the femoral anatomical axis (FAA) from a 3D surface mesh, based on geometrical entity fitting, is presented. This was applied to conventional total knee arthroplasty, which uses an intramedullary rod (FIR) to orient the femoral prosthesis with respect to the FAA. The orientation and entry point of a FIR with a length of 200 mm are automatically determined from the FAA, as it has been shown that errors in these parameters may lead to malalignment of the mechanical axis. Moreover, the effect of partially scanning the leg was investigated by creating reduced femur models and comparing the results with the full models. Precise measurements are obtained for 50 models by using a central and two outer parts, with lengths of 20 and 120 mm, which correspond to 58% of the mean femoral length. The deviations were less than 2 mm for the FAA, 2.8 mm for the FAA endpoints and 0.7°and 1.3 mm for the FIR orientation and entry point. The computer‐based techniques might eventually be used for preoperative planning of total knee arthroplasty. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trends and challenges in operating systems—from parallel computing to cloud computing
Authors: Polze Andreas , Tröger Peter 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYOver many decades, advances in computer system design and processor manufacturing have resulted in an ever‐increasing per‐chip transistor count, which, in combination with increased clock frequencies, has led to a tremendous increase in single‐thread performance in desktop and server CPUs. The trend to higher integration in processor manufacturing will continue for the next couple of years. However, the increased transistor count leads to additional compute cores within a CPU, rather than to an increased single‐thread performance. Programming and utilizing these future CPUs impose a number of problems commonly referred to as the multicore challenge. These trends primarily affect server computers, whereas on client systems, a break‐even between users' willingness to pay for compute power and today's CPU implementation seems to be reached. In this paper, we argue that the full exploitation of many‐core architectures on the server demands better support by the operating system. This relates to the support of new application programming models, the seamless integration of internal and external services, security, as well as on monitoring and (self‐adaptive) management of such server environments. Within this paper, we discuss three major trends that will drive the adoption of server operating systems to modern many‐core hardware: dynamic parallelism, dynamic partitioning, and dynamic provisioning. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance Analysis of Reversed Binary Decision Diagram Pass Transistor Logic Synthesis
Authors: Bhuvaneswari Thangavel , Prasad Vishnuvajjula , Singh Ajay Kumar , Senthilpari Chinnaiyan 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYBinary decision diagrams (BDDs) are the most frequently used data structure for the representation and handling of Boolean functions because of their excellent time and space efficiencies. In this article, a reversed BDD‐based pass transistor logic (PTL) logic synthesis is presented for low‐power and high‐performance circuits without exploiting the canonical property of BDDs. The procedure of the reversed BDD transformation into PTL is achieved by a one‐to‐one correspondence with the BDD node and PTL cell. Layouts are generated for the benchmark circuits and simulated in terms of power dissipation, propagation delay and area. The reversed BDD technique performs better in terms of area, delay and power dissipation due to the regularity, a reduced critical path, less interconnection wires, a multiplexer‐based construction of PTL circuits, and less switching activities. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ten antibodies, six colors, twelve parameters: A multiparameter flow cytometric approach to evaluate leptomeningeal disease in B‐cell non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas
Authors: Stacchini Alessandra , Aliberti Sabrina , Demurtas Anna , Benevolo Giulia , Godio Laura 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground:Flow cytometry (FC) is considered a sensitive and specific technique for the detection of occult lymphoma cells in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).Methods:The diagnostic sensitivity of a FC approach which uses a combination of 10 antibodies, a single‐tube evaluation, and a six‐color instrument, was evaluated and compared to conventional cytology (CC) for the detection of lymphomatous cells in the CSF of 44 patients affected by B‐cell non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (B‐NHL) considered at high risk of central nervous system spread.Results:The CSF obtained from 36 newly diagnosed and 8 relapsed patients affected by B‐cell lymphoma was assessed by FC and CC on a total of 62 samples; 52/62 (82.6%) were considered paucicellular as they had fewer than 10 cells/μl. All cases were evaluated by both methods. FC gave 15/62 (24%) positive results, CC 10/62 (16%) positive results; none of the samples evaluated had a positive CC with a negative FC result.Conclusions:The use of a multiparameter FC approach, which collects an elevated number of monoclonal antibodies in a single tube and identify different cell populations with a selective gating strategy analysis, allows for the evaluation of lymphocyte subsets and the detection of leptomeningeal disease in B‐NHL, even in the presence of paucicellularity of samples. © 2012 International Clinical Cytometry Society
An embryonic stem cell‐based system for rapid analysis of transcriptional enhancers
Authors: Tsanov Kaloyan M. , Nishi Yuichi , Peterson Kevin A. , Liu Jing , Baetscher Manfred , McMahon Andrew P. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWith the growing use of genome‐wide screens for cis‐regulatory elements, there is a pressing need for platforms that enable fast and cost‐effective experimental validation of identified hits in relevant developmental and tissue contexts. Here, we describe a murine embryonic stem cell (ESC)‐based system that facilitates rapid analysis of putative transcriptional enhancers. Candidate enhancers are targeted with high efficiency to a defined genomic locus via recombinase‐mediated cassette exchange. Targeted ESCs are subsequently differentiated in vitro into desired cell types, where enhancer activity is monitored by reporter gene expression. As a proof of principle, we analyzed a previously characterized, Sonic hedgehog (Shh)‐dependent, V3 interneuron progenitor (pV3)‐specific enhancer for the Nkx2.2 gene, and observed highly specific enhancer activity. Given the broad potential of ESCs to generate a spectrum of cell types, this system can serve as an effective platform for the characterization of gene regulatory networks controlling cell fate specification and cell function. genesis 50: 443–450, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Histology of plastic embedded amphibian embryos and larvae
Authors: Kurth Thomas , Weiche Susanne , Vorkel Daniela , Kretschmar Susanne , Menge Anja 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAmphibians including the South African clawed frogXenopus laevis, its close relativeXenopus tropicalis, and the Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) are important vertebrate models for cell biology, development, and regeneration. For the analysis of embryos and larva with altered gene expression in gain‐of‐function or loss‐of‐function studies histology is increasingly important. Here, we discuss plastic or resin embedding of embryos as valuable alternatives to conventional paraffin embedding. For example, microwave‐assisted tissue processing, combined with embedding in the glycol methacrylate Technovit 7100, is a fast, simple, and reliable method to obtain state‐of‐the‐art histology with high resolution of cellular details in less than a day. Microwave‐processed samples embedded in Epon 812 are also useful for transmission electron microscopy. Finally, Technovit‐embedded samples are well suited for serial section analysis of embryos labeled either by whole‐mount immunofluorescence, or with tracers such as GFP or fluorescent dextrans. Therefore, plastic embedding offers a versatile alternative to paraffin embedding for routine histology and immunocytochemistry of amphibian embryos. genesis 50:235–250, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterization of a novel Xenopus tropicalis cell line as a model for in vitro studies
Authors: Sinzelle Ludivine , Thuret Raphaël , Hwang Ho‐Yon , Herszberg Bérénice , Paillard Elodie , Bronchain Odile J. , Stemple Derek L. , Dhorne‐Pollet Sophie , Pollet Nicolas 
Published: November 2011

AbstractCell lines are useful tools to facilitate in vitro studies of many biological and molecular processes. We describe a new permanent fibroblast‐type cell line obtained from disaggregated Xenopus tropicalis limb bud. The cell line population doubling time was ∼ 24 h. Its karyotype was genetically stable with a chromosome number of 2n = 21 and a chromosome 10 trisomy. These cells could be readily transfected and expressed transgenes faithfully. We obtained stable transformants using transposon‐based gene transfer technology. These cells responded to thyroid hormone and thus can provide a complementary research tool to study thyroid hormone signaling events. In conclusion, this cell line baptized “Speedy” should prove useful to couple in vitro and in vivo biological studies in the X. tropicalisfrog model. genesis 50:316–324, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Understanding ciliated epithelia: The power of Xenopus
Authors: Werner M.E. , Mitchell B.J. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractCiliated epithelia are important in a wide variety of biological contexts where they generate directed fluid flow. Here we address the fundamental advances in understanding ciliated epithelia that have been achieved using Xenopus as a model system. Xenopus embryos are covered with a ciliated epithelium that propels fluid unidirectionally across their surface. The external nature of this tissue, coupled with the molecular tools available in Xenopus and the ease of microscopic analysis on intact animals has thrust Xenopus to the forefront of ciliated epithelia biology. We discuss advances in understanding the molecular regulators of ciliated epithelia cell fate as well as basic aspects of ciliated epithelia cell biology including ciliogenesis and cell polarity. genesis 50:176–185, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Investigations of the Tautomeric Equilibria between Phosphane Oxides and Their Corresponding Phosphinous Acids Bearing Electron‐Withdrawing Perfluoroaryl Groups
Authors: Kurscheid Boris , Wiebe Waldemar , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Hoge Berthold 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe unusual form of a phosphinous acid can be stabilized by strongly electron‐withdrawing substituents such as trifluoromethyl and pentafluoroethyl groups. The less electron‐withdrawing pentafluorophenyl group favors the phosphane oxide tautomer (Rf)2P(O)H in the solid state, whereas in solution a solvent‐dependent equilibrium with the phosphinous acid tautomer (Rf)2POH is observed. The increasing donating ability of the solvent leads to an increasing amount of the corresponding phosphinous acid tautomer. In accord with quantum chemical calculations, the electron‐withdrawing effects of the p‐tetrafluoropyridyl and 2,4‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl groups exceed the pentafluorophenyl group and should therefore be ideally suited to stabilize the corresponding phosphinous acid tautomer (Rf)2POH. The syntheses of bis(tetrafluoropyridyl)‐ and bis[2,4‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]phosphane oxide enabled the investigation of the solvent‐dependent tautomerism by NMR spectroscopy. Introduction of the tetrafluoropyridyl group shifts the tautomeric equilibrium significantly towards the phosphinous acid. Surprisingly, the comparably electron‐withdrawing but more bulky 2,4‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group favors the oxide tautomer. The experimental results have been confirmed by DFT calculations. In summary, electron‐withdrawing substituents stabilize the phosphinous acid tautomer, whereas it is destabilized by space‐demanding groups by an increased C–P–C angle.
Studies on the Total Synthesis of Lactonamycin: Synthesis of the Fused Pentacyclic B–F Ring Unit
Authors: Jacques Sylvain A. , Michaelis Simon , Gebhardt Björn , Blum Andreas , Lebrasseur Nathalie , Larrosa Igor , White Andrew J. P. , Barrett Anthony G. M. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis paper describes an approach towards the total synthesis of lactonamycin with the elaboration of a key pentacyclic unit. Key steps include the synthesis of benzyl bromide 8 in eight steps and 23 % overall yield starting from 4‐methoxyphenol; a high‐yielding Suzuki coupling between boronic ester 9 and benzyl bromide 8; and a Lewis acid mediated, intramolecular Friedel–Crafts acylation to obtain the fused BCDEF ring core.
Sediment transport in an alpine river before and after a dambreak flood event
Authors: Morche David , Schmidt Karl‐Heinz 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTFluvial sediment transport in the high mountain Partnach River (Reintal Valley, Bavarian Alps) was investigated during a 10‐year observation period (2001–2010). During this period, the downstream reach of the Partnach River was decoupled from upstream sediment throughput by a rockslide deposit until 2005. In August 2005, the dam was partially breached during a flood event resulting in renewed sediment coupling between the upstream and downstream reaches. A comparison of pre‐ and post‐dambreak river sediment load data showed that the dissolved load dominated sediment transport prior to August 2005 with a switch to the dominance of bedload transport, post‐dambreak. The higher post‐dambreak bedload rates were particularly evident during the first years after the dam failure due to significant coarse material coupling between active sediment sources (undercut banks/talus cones) and the Partnach River. In the last years of the observation period (2009 and 2010) the dominance of dissolved load transport was re‐established. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Encompassing ROADM add/drop constraints in GMPLS‐based WSONs
Authors: Sambo Nicola , Cugini Filippo , Bottari Giulio , Iovanna Paola , Castoldi Piero 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTDifferent reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexer (ROADM) architectures can be considered for the deployment of cost‐effective wavelength switched optical networks (WSONs). They impose add/drop constraints that might significantly affect the efficient utilisation of the overall WSON resources.In this paper, the most relevant ROADM architectures and related constraints are first reviewed and discussed. Then novel provisioning schemes are proposed to effectively handle different ROADM architectures and provide a preference on the utilisation of add/drop resources with limited flexibility. The schemes are specifically designed to exploit the recently introduced generalised multiprotocol label switching extensions for the advertisement of capacity and/or availability of ROADM add/drop resources. Simulation results show that the proposed schemes guarantee the effective utilisation of the add/drop ROADM resources under several WSON scenarios. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cramer–Rao lower bounds for nonhybrid and hybrid localisation techniques in wireless networks
Authors: Laaraiedh Mohamed , Avrillon Stéphane , Uguen Bernard 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTTheoretical performances of localisation techniques are revisited in this paper. Expressions of asymptotic Cramer–Rao lower bounds are derived for nonhybrid and hybrid localisation techniques based on received signal strength indicator, time of arrival and time difference of arrival under Gaussian uncorrelated measurements assumption. These localisation techniques and the useful expressions of their maximum likelihood estimators are presented in this paper. From these expressions, asymptotic Cramer–Rao lower bounds expressions are derived. Simulations are then carried out using realistic location‐dependent parameters (LDPs) values to evaluate different nonhybrid and hybrid techniques of localisation. Simulations show that the fusion of more than one LDP enhances localisation accuracy and gives alternatives for the lack of LDPs. Moreover, the number, the nature, the precision of measurements and the reference nodes positions are the key parameters that influence localisation accuracy. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.