bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corneal Endothelial Cell Density after Myopic Intra-LASIK and the Effect of AC Gas Bubbles on the Corneal Endothelium
Authors: Tomita Minoru , Watabe Miyuki , Waring George O. , Durrie Daniel S. 
Published: December 2010

Purpose TO evaluate the endothelial cell density (ECD) change after laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) using IntraLase FS30®and the influence of anterior chamber gas bubbles (AC gas bubbles) produced during flap creation on the corneal endothelium during the excimer laser ablation. Methods Myopic LASIK was performed in 436 eyes of 252 patients at Shinagawa LASIK Center. Average age was 32.4±7.05 years. IntraLase FS30® was used for flap creation and Allgretto Wave Eye-Q® 400Hz was used for excimer laser ablation. Preoperative and 3-month postoperative ECD were measured with a noncontact specular microscope (Noncon Robo FA-3509®) and compared. The preoperative and 3-month postoperative ECD changes that developed AC gas bubbles during the flap creation (19 eyes of 18 patients) were also examined. The change of ECD was compared to the group that did not produce AC gas bubbles. Results The average ECD reduction after LASIK was −15±102 cells/mm2 for AC gas bubbles (-) group (0.51%, p>0.05) and-35±130 cells/mm2 (1.21%, p>0.05) for AC gas bubbles (+) group. There was no significant ECD change in the AC gas bubbles (-) and AC gas bubbles (+) groups, and no significant difference was observed between AC gas bubbles (-) and AC gas bubbles (+) groups. Conclusions IntraLase FS30® is a safe and effective tool for LASIK operation which does not cause damage to corneal endothelium. Anterior chamber gas bubbles produced during flap creation did not damage corneal endothelial cells and did not interfere with LASIK operations.
Intravitreal Bevacizumab Associated with Grid Laser Photocoagulation in Macular Edema Secondary to Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Salinas-Alamán Angel , Zarranz-Ventura Javier , González-Jauregui Jose M. Caire , Sádaba-Echarri Luis M. , Barrio-Barrio Jesús , García-Layana Alfredo 
Published: December 2010

Purpose TO evaluate intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) combined with grid laser photocoagulation in macular edema (ME) secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). Methods Eight eyes (8 patients) with ME associated with BRVO with at least 3 months of evolution since symptom onset were included. All subjects underwent measurement of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and imaging with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) at baseline and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Intravitreal bevacizumab was administered at baseline and macular grid laser photocoagulation 1 month later. During follow-up, additional IVB was administered based on physician discretion if persistent or recurrent intraretinal fluid (cysts) was observed on SD-OCT. The mean BCVA and SD-OCT central subfield thickness (CST) values were determined at each time point. Fisher exact test was performed to assess differences between baseline and post-treatment BCVA and SD-OCT measurements. Results The mean baseline BCVA was 0.28±0.14 (mean ± SD), and the mean CST was 479±137 μm. The mean BCVAs at 1, 3, 6, and 12months were 0.47±0.18 (p=0.031), 0.56±0.50 (p=0.031), 0.65±0.60 (p=0.008), and 0.66±0.65 (p=0.016), respectively. The mean CST values at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months were 295±60 μm (p=0.008), 333±114 μm (p=0.070), 339±80 μm (p=0.008), and 335±109 μm (p=0.008). A mean 2.13 injections were administered; the second injection was administered a mean of 2.71 months after baseline. Conclusions Combined treatment with IVB and macular grid photocoagulation provided good results and may be considered as an alternative therapy for ME in BRVO. Further studies are needed to assess these preliminary results.
Lymphoepithelioma-Like Carcinoma Involving the Lacrimal Gland and Infiltrating the Eyelids
Authors: Blasi Maria Antonietta , Ventura Luca , Laguardia Michela , Tiberti Alessandra C. , Sammarco Maria Grazia , Balestrazzi Emilio 
Published: December 2010

Purpose TO report a case of a lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC), which is a variant of carcinoma most commonly involving the nasopharynx and rarely occurring in a variety of sites outside its typical location. Methods We present the case of a 79-year-old Caucasian man with LELC of the lacrimal gland undergoing surgical resection of the mass. Results The patient had remained disease-free for 2 years, and then he developed homolateral metastases in latero-cervical and parotid lymph nodes, detected by computed tomography and confirmed by fine-needle aspiration biopsy. He did not receive any surgical treatment, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy because of the advanced stage of the disease and poor health condition. Conclusions This case report suggests that a diagnosis of lacrimal gland LELC makes combined early and radical therapy necessary.
Do Adherence Rates and Glaucomatous Visual Field Progression Correlate?
Authors: Rossi Gemma C.M. , Pasinetti Gian Maria , Scudeller Luigia , Radaelli Rosella , Bianchi Paolo Emilio 
Published: December 2010

Purpose TO assess the relation between visual field progression and adherence rate in patients with glaucoma using Travatan Dosing Aid® (TDA). Methods In this 36-month retrospective study, 35 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma on travoprost or travoprost/timolol fixed combination monotherapy were submitted to ophthalmic examination and to visual field (VF) test from 2007 to 2009. Adherence was recorded with TDA. The association between VF progression (from 2007 to the end of the follow-up period) and a number of predictors (adherence rates at 12 months) was tested by means of chi-square test (or Fisher exact test) or Mann-Whitney test as appropriate. Results The mean (±SD) adherence rates were 71.9%±27.8% after 1 month of follow-up and 76.8%±20.9% at 12 months. A total of 25 (71.4%) patients with stable VF had a median adherence rate (IQR) of 85% (75%-97%); patients who worsened (n=10; 28.6%) recorded a median (IQR) adherence of 21% (9%-45%) (p<0.001). No association was found between VF progression and any of the other variables (age, sex, schooling, visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP) at baseline and over time, other ocular diseases, time since diagnosis and actual therapy, number of concomitant systemic therapies). Patients who were at least 90% adherent did not progress, while 43.5% of the patients with lower adherence worsened (p=0.01). Conclusions Our data suggest that adherence rate may play a role in glaucomatous damage and/or progression; the target IOP therefore should be adjusted by adherence rates. Monitoring tools, educational programs, use of videos, a better doctor-patient relationship, or other means to improve adherence are desirable and necessary to preserve visual function.
Visual and Optical Coherence Tomography Outcomes of Intravitreal Bevacizumab and Ranibizumab in Inflammatory Choroidal Neovascularization Secondary to Punctate Inner Choroidopathy
Authors: Cornish Kurt Spiteri , Williams Graeme J. , Gavin Michael P. , Imhe Fraser R. 
Published: December 2010

Purpose Choroidal neovascular membranes (CNV) are the major cause of visual loss in punctate inner choroidopathy (PIC), an idiopathic inflammatory condition predominantly affecting young, myopic women. We present a case series of 9 patients with CNV associated with PIC, treated with intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents. Methods This is a retrospective case series of 9 patients treated with either intravitreal bevacizumab or ranibizumab for inflammatory CNV secondary to PIC. Initial and posttreatment converted logMAR visual acuity, fundus fluorescein angiograms (FFA), optical coherence tomography (OCT), previous and concurrent treatments, and side effects were recorded. Informed consent for treatment was obtained from each patient. Results Nine patients (8 female, 1 male) with an average age of 34.4 years were treated for an average of 14.9 months. Six patients were treated with bevacizumab, and 3 with ranibizumab, with a mean of 2.34 injections per year. The mean visual acuity gain for the whole group of 9 patients was 0.26 converted logMAR units (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, p<0.015). Eight patients remained stable or had visual improvement at final follow-up, with a mean gain of 0.36 converted logMAR units. Only one patient's vision deteriorated (loss of 0.48 converted logMAR units). Concomitant short courses of oral corticosteroid were used in 3 of the 9 patients. Conclusions Over a 1-year period, bevacizumab and ranibizumab can be safely and successfully used to treat inflammatory CNV secondary to PIC, avoiding the need for systemic immunosuppression in the majority of patients.
Structural Origin of the Strain‐Hardening of Spider Silk
Authors: Du Ning , Yang Zhen , Liu Xiang Yang , Li Yang , Xu Hong Yao 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSpider dragline silk, as a type of high‐performance natural fiber, displays a unique combination of tensile strength and extensibility that gives rise to a greater toughness than any other natural or synthetic fiber. In contrast to silkworm silk, spider dragline silk displays a remarkable strain‐hardening character for which the origin remains unknown. In this paper, the performance of silkworm silk and spider dragline fibers under stretching is compared based on a combined structural and mechanical analysis. The molecular origin of the strain‐hardening of spider silk filaments is addressed in comparison to rubber and Kevlar. Unlike rubber, the occurrence of strain‐hardening can be attributed to the unfolding of the intramolecular β‐sheets in spider silk fibrils, which serve as “molecular spindles” to store lengthy molecular chains in space compactly. With the progressive unfolding and alignment of protein during fiber extension, protein backbones and nodes of the molecular network are stretched to support the load. Consequently the dragline filaments become gradually hardened, enabling efficient energy buffering when an abseiling spider escapes from a predator. As distinct from synthetic materials such as rubber (elastomers), this particular structural feature of spider draglines not only enables quick energy absorption, but also efficiently suppresses the drastic oscillation which occurs upon an impact. The mimicking of this strain‐hardening character of spider silk will give rise to the design and fabrication of new advanced functional materials with applications in kinetic energy buffering and absorption.
Compressible and incompressible 1‐D linear wave propagation assessment in fast fluidized beds
Authors: Sánchez‐López J. R. G. , Soria A. , Salinas‐Rodríguez E. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe propose two equivalent 1‐D perturbation models for a fast fluidized bed considering compressibility effects. The first model is the explicit summation of incompressible and compressible terms. All compressible terms appear multiplied by the inverse squared gas sound propagation speed, s. In the second model, a lumped waving structure is presented, with just one term corresponding to each wave hierarchy. In both proposed models, the incompressible part was retrieved in the limit s → ∞. The Liu's linear stability analysis, based on Whitham's, was extended to estimate the compressibility contribution. Stability conditions on the propagation speeds and a criterion on the wave number were developed. This method was applied to two physical systems whose solid properties differ widely. It was shown that the effect of the fluid compressibility is at least as important as the effect of the solid compressibility modulus. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
The IARC october 2009 evaluation of benzene carcinogenicity was incomplete and needs to be reconsidered
Authors: Infante Peter F. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractI have been familiar with the toxicological and epidemiological literature on benzene since I was a member of the NIOSH Benzene Task Force in 1975. I also am familiar with the procedures of IARC Monographs meetings from past participation, and as observer I applied this experience to the Monograph 100 F review.In October of 2009, a Working Group (WG) of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) met in Lyon, France to evaluate the available evidence for site‐specific cancer to humans for 33 chemical agents and related occupations previously categorized by IARC as human carcinogens.Generally, review and discussion of the epidemiological cancer literature related to benzene was limited due to the enormous amount of material needing to be covered since the last full monograph meeting on benzene in 1981, and because 32 other chemicals and occupations were also being evaluated. Moreover, among the 33 chemicals and occupations reviewed, there was some inconsistency in the use of studies for evaluating various cancers. In some situations, consideration could have been given to the inclusion of relevant unpublished, but readily available study results. Discussion and synthesis of the animal cancer studies and mechanistic data related to specific cancers also were limited.IARC's conclusion that there is sufficient evidence for benzene to cause acute non‐lymphocytic leukemia only was based on an incomplete review. IARC should schedule another monographs meeting dedicated to a complete and full review and discussion of all potential cancers related to exposure to benzene and to benzene‐containing mixtures. Am. J. Ind. Med. 54:157–164, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The interplay between interpersonal and electronic resources in knowledge seeking among co‐located and distributed employees
Authors: Yuan Y. Connie , Rickard Laura N. , Xia Ling , Scherer Clifford 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn the information age, a common problem for employees is not lack of resources but rather how to sift through multiple resources, both electronic and interpersonal, to retrieve and locate true expert knowledge. The main objective of this study is hence to explore employees' simultaneous usage of both resources and to identify situations where employees showed a clear preference of interpersonal resources over electronic ones, and where employees found these two resources (a) (ir)replaceable and (b) complementary. Both qualitative interview data and quantitative social‐network data were collected from a university‐affiliated community educational office. Data analysis showed that (a) social relationships were crucial for seeking and gaining actual access to needed knowledge; (b) employees were task‐driven in knowledge seeking and obtained different types of knowledge depending on availability; and (c) the choice between interpersonal and electronic resources was determined by the characteristics of the knowledge sought as well as such contextual factors as time, cost, and location. Additional interviews from other study contexts validated most of our findings, except those that require collection of complete social‐network data. The article ends with a discussion on how organizations can better leverage their investment in human and technical resources to facilitate knowledge seeking.
Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Intermolecular Hydroarylation of Allenes with Indoles and Reaction Mechanism by Density Functional Theory Calculations
Authors: Wang Ming‐Zhong , Zhou Cong‐Ying , Guo Zhen , Wong Ella Lai‐Ming , Wong Man‐Kin , Che Chi‐Ming 
Published: December 2010

AbstractChiral binuclear gold(I) phosphine complexes catalyze enantioselective intermolecular hydroarylation of allenes with indoles in high product yields (up to 90 %) and with moderate enantioselectivities (up to 63 % ee). Among the gold(I) complexes examined, better ee values were obtained with binuclear gold(I) complexes, which displayed intramolecular AuIAuI interactions. The binuclear gold(I) complex 4c [(AuCl)2(L3)] with chiral biaryl phosphine ligand (S)‐(−)‐MeO‐biphep (L3) is the most efficient catalyst and gives the best ee value of up to 63 %. Substituents on the allene reactants have a slight effect on the enantioselectivity of the reaction. Electron‐withdrawing groups on the indole substrates decrease the enantioselectivity of the reaction. The relative reaction rates of the hydroarylation of 4‐X‐substituted 1,3‐diarylallenes with N‐methylindole in the presence of catalyst 4c [(AuCl)2(L3)]/AgOTf [L3=(S)‐(−)‐MeO‐biphep], determined through competition experiments, correlate (r2=0.996) with the substituent constants σ. The slope value is −2.30, revealing both the build‐up of positive charge at the allene and electrophilic nature of the reactive AuI species. Two plausible reaction pathways were investigated by density functional theory calculations, one pathway involving intermolecular nucleophilic addition of free indole to aurated allene intermediate and another pathway involving intramolecular nucleophilic addition of aurated indole to allene via diaurated intermediate E2. Calculated results revealed that the reaction likely proceeds via the first pathway with a lower activation energy. The role of AuIAuI interactions in affecting the enantioselectivity is discussed.
A Rational Repeating Template Method for Synthesis of 2 D Hexagonally Ordered Mesoporous Precious Metals
Authors: Takai Azusa , Doi Yoji , Yamauchi Yusuke , Kuroda Kazuyuki 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA repeating template method is presented for the synthesis of mesoporous metals with 2D hexagonal mesostructures. First, a silica replica (i.e., silica nanorods arranged periodically) is prepared by using 2D hexagonally ordered mesoporous carbon as the template. After that, the obtained silica replica is used as the second template for the preparation of mesoporous ruthenium. After the ruthenium species are introduced into the silica replica, the ruthenium species are then reduced by a vapor‐infiltration method by using the reducing agent dimethylamine borane. After the ruthenium deposition, the silica is chemically removed. Analysis by transmission and scanning electron microscopies, a nitrogen‐adsorption–desorption isotherm, and small‐angle X‐ray scattering revealed that the mesoporous ruthenium had a 2D hexagonal mesostructure, although the mesostructural ordering is decreased compared to that of the original mesoporous carbon template. This method is widely applicable to other metal systems. By changing the metal species introduced into the silica replica, several mesoporous metals (palladium and platinum) can be synthesized. Ordered mesoporous ruthenium and palladium, which are not easily attainable by the soft‐templating methods, can be prepared. This study has overcome the composition variation limitations of the soft‐templating method.
Modeling of single‐cell oil production under nitrogen‐limited and substrate inhibition conditions
Authors: Economou C.N. , Aggelis G. , Pavlou S. , Vayenas D.V. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSweet sorghum extract was used as substrate for lipid accumulation by the oleaginous fungus Mortierella isabellina in batch cultures. Various initial sugar (13–91 g/L) and nitrogen (100–785 mg/L) concentrations resulting in various C/N (43–53) ratios were tested. Oil accumulation ranged between 43% and 51% corresponding to oil production from 2.2 to 9.3 g/L. A detailed mathematical model was developed. This model is able to adequately predict biomass growth, lipid accumulation, and sugar and nitrogen consumption. The model assumes that fungus growth is inhibited at high sugar concentrations. A set of kinetic experiments was used for model kinetic parameters estimation, while another set of experiments was used for model validation. The developed model could be generalized for similar systems of lipid accumulation and become a useful tool for reactor design for biofuel production. Bioeng. 2011; 108:1049–1055. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Activation of Alkanes by Gold‐Modified Lanthanum Oxide
Authors: Sá Jacinto , Ace Matthew , Delgado Juan José , Goguet Alexandre , Hardacre Christopher , Morgan Kevin 
Published: December 2010

AbstractFunctionalization of alkanes is much sought after for the production of fine and bulk chemicals. In particular, the oxidative activation of alkanes and their conversion to ethene and propene has been studied extensively, owing to the use of these alkenes in polymerization reactions. The greater reactivity of the products in comparison with the reactants has proven a major issue in this reaction as this can result in overoxidation, producing CO and CO2 and, therefore, reducing the alkene yield. Herein, the first application of supported gold catalysts for the direct activation of C2+ aliphatic alkanes with oxygen to form alkenes is demonstrated. This catalyst is particularly notable as it is highly active, selective to propene and ethene, and stable on stream over a 48 h period. Maintaining cationic gold is thought to be critical for the stability and this catalyst design provides the possibility of applying gold‐based catalysts over a much wider temperature range than has been reported.
Tumor volume and patient weight as predictors of outcome in children with intermediate risk rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Rodeberg David A. , Stoner Julie A. , Garcia‐Henriquez Norbert , Randall R. Lor , Spunt Sheri L. , Arndt Carola A. , Kao Simon , Paidas Charles N. , Million Lynn , Hawkins Douglas S. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:The objectives of this study were to compare tumor volume and patient weight versus traditional factors of tumor size (greatest dimension) and patient age and to determine which parameters best discriminated outcome among pediatric patients with intermediate‐risk rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS).METHODS:Complete information was available for 370 patients with nonmetastatic RMS who were enrolled in the Children's Oncology Group (COG) intermediate‐risk study D9803 (1999‐2005). The Kaplan‐Meier method was used to estimate survival distributions. A recursive partitioning model was used to identify prognostic factors that were associated with event‐free survival (EFS). Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the association between patient characteristics and the risk of failure or death.RESULTS:For all patients with intermediate‐risk RMS, a recursive partitioning algorithm for EFS suggested that prognostic groups should be defined optimally by tumor volume (with a transition point at 20 cm3), patient weight (with a transition point at 50 kg), and embryonal histology. Tumor volume and patient weight added significant outcome information to the standard prognostic factors, including greatest tumor dimension and patient age (P = .02). The ability to resect the tumor completely was not associated significantly with the size of the patient, and patient weight did not significantly modify the association between tumor volume and EFS after adjustment for standard risk factors (P = .2).CONCLUSIONS:The factors that had the strongest association with EFS were tumor volume, patient weight, and histology. On the basis of regression modeling, tumor volume and patient weight were superior predictors of outcome compared with greatest tumor dimension and patient age in children with intermediate‐risk RMS. The current results indicated that the prognostic performance of tumor volume and patient weight should be assessed in an independent prospective study. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.