bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Voices from Beyond Time: Translating Japanese Soldiers”Letters and Diaries
Authors: Yamanouchi Midori 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWhen I began my studies in the United Sates soon after the Pacific War, I was deeply moved to read Harukanaru sanga-ni (In the faraway mountains and rivers), a collection of writings by students at the University of Tokyo or Todai (then the Tokyo Imperial University) who had been killed in the war. It was published in December 1947 by the University of Tokyo Co-op Publishing Department. I was filled with sorrow that those fine, able men had to die in a war that they did not want and could not control. The book was followed, in October 1949, by a sequel, Kike wadatsumi no koe (Listen to the voices from the sea), a collection of letters, diary entries, and other writings by students from Todai and other colleges and universities.
Labor’s Cold Warriors: The American Federation of Labor and “Free Trade Unionism” in Cold War Japan
Authors: Gerteis Christopher 
Published: March 2011

AbstractDuring the 1950s, the American Federation of Labor (AFL) led a global covert attempt to suppress left-led labor movements in Western Europe, the Mediterranean, West Africa, Central and South America, and East Asia. American union leaders argued that to survive the Cold War, they had to demonstrate to the United States government that organized labor was not part-and-parcel with Soviet communism. The AFL’s global mission was placed in care of Jay Lovestone, a founding member of the American Communist Party in 1921 and survivor of decades of splits and internecine battles over allegiance to one faction or another in Soviet politics before turning anti-Communist and developing a secret relation with the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) after World War II. Lovestone’s idea was that the AFL could prove its loyalty by helping to root out Communists from what he perceived to be a global labor movement dominated by the Soviet Union. He was the CIA’s favorite Communist turned anti-Communist.
The Mad Chinese Man in America: Zhang Xiguo’s .Wife Killing
Authors: Qian Suoqiao 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAsian immigrant literature has attracted far less attention than it deserves in Asian-American studies. Almost exclusive attention has been paid to English-language texts while Asian immigrant literature is multilingual. In deploring such monolingual prejudice, Werner Sollors has recently made an urgent and groundbreaking plea “for a multilingual turn in American Studies.”
Study of the History of Christianity in U.S.-China Relations: A New Departure?
Authors: Bays Daniel H. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractForty years ago, in late December 1968, John K. Fairbank, the longtime dean of American China scholars, gave a memorable presidential address to the annual meeting of the American Historical Association (AHA) in New York City. In it, he urged his fellow historians to take up a task expressed in the title of his address, “Assignment for the 1970s: The Study of American–East Asian Relations.” Although he spoke amid academic upheaval over the Vietnam War, his address made it clear that he was mainly referring to China and Sino-American relations. He described China as .a uniquely large and compact section of mankind…too big and too different to be assimilated into our…culture.. He also argued that .China is too weak to conquer the world but too large to be digested by it.
Christianity, Academics, and National Salvation in China: Yenching University, 1924–1949
Authors: Rosenbaum Arthur Lewis 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe have been for several months past experiencing violent anti-Christian-education attacks and scarcely less vigorous intellectual discrediting of religion. How could it be made clear that Christianity was not an agency of Imperialism, Capitalism, Conservatism, and that the students in Christian schools were not denationalized and dominated by foreign interests.—John Leighton Stuart, 1925
The Beida-Tsinghua Connection: Yenching in the World of Beijing’s Elite Universities
Authors: Israel John 
Published: March 2011

AbstractYenching University did not exist in isolation but was part of several overlapping educational networks, international, national, sectarian, and local. Internationally, it was a modern Christian liberal arts university, comparable to Christian higher educational institutions in the United States and elsewhere in the world. Nationally, it was one of the colleges under the aegis of the United Board for Christian Higher Education in China and, more broadly, part of a modern higher educational network, centered in the large cities of eastern China. Locally, it was a component of a super-elite North China complex of higher education located in Beijing and Tianjin. This complex, as Yeh Wen-hsin has pointed out in her taxonomy of Republican-era higher education, stood in contrast with Guomindang universities such as National Central and Sun Yat-sen, as well as with teachers colleges, provincial universities, diploma mills, and other less renowned institutions.
How Many Asymmetries?: Continuities, Transformations, and Puzzles in the Study of Chinese Foreign Relations
Authors: Wills John E. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractI began my graduate studies at Harvard in September 1958. In the summer and fall of 1959, I started groping for ways to think about China in the seventeenth century, discovered that there had been some very interesting European eyewitnesses of the Ming-Qing wars, and wrote my first seminar paper for John King Fairbank on the first Dutch embassy, 1655.1657. The rest, shall we say, is history.
Severe Thunderstorm Internal Structure from Dual-Doppler Radar Measurements
Authors: Eagleman Joe R. , Lin Wen C. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractDual-Doppler radar data were analyzed for three different times during the life cycle of a severe thunderstorm. The thunderstorm developed a double vortex inside as a tornado was generated beneath the cloud.The organized kinematic and precipitation internal structure of the thunderstorm support a theoreticaldouble-vortex thunderstorm model that was developed earlier. The horizontal perturbation and relativewinds, vertical winds, horizontal divergence and vorticity are compared for the three different times ofmeasurement. The measurements and theoretical model provide new explanations of the severe thunderstorm and the relationship of associated tornadoes.
Laser Absorption Techniques for the Measurementof Atmospheric Water Vapor Concentration
Authors: Brannen E. , Kucerovsky Z. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA sensitive laser method with fast response time has been developed which is suitable for measuringatmospheric water vapor concentration. The method utilizes the absorption of 33.02 and 27.972 pm radiationfrom a water vapor laser. Experiments were carried out in a 2 m controlled atmosphere absorption cell atconditions corresponding to ground-level to high-altitude atmospheric pressures. Typically, an absorptionof 1% was produced in a 1 m path length by a water vapor pressure of 1.1 Pa at ground level and 2.2 Paat 5 km using 33.02 pm laser radiation. With 27,972 pm laser radiation the absorption is about a factor 50less and can be used when higher concentrations of water vapor are encountered. The response time of thedetecting apparatus can be less than a second and still achieve these sensitivities. Possibilities of building anairborne instrument for measuring water vapor concentration are discussed.
Tropical Upper-Tropospheric Extended Clouds: Inferences from Winter MONEX
Authors: Webster Peter J. , Stephens Graeme L. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
The most common cloud species observed during the Winter Monsoon Experiment (WMONEX) wasthick (optically black) middle and upper tropospheric extended cloud. Data from the GeostationaryMeteorological Satellite (GMS) showed the extended cloud to occupy half the near-equatorial SouthChina Sea and Indonesia on some days with tops in the vicinity of the 200 mb level. Detailed observations from the WMONEX composite observing array indicated that the clouds extended up to 750 kmfrom the convective source regions, possessed bases in the vicinity of the freezing level and lay above agenerally suppressed and subsident lower troposphere. The observation of widespread precipitation fromthe extended cloud and the encountering of ice particles during the cloud penetrations suggest that theextended clouds are active in a diabatic heating sense.Calculations using a radiative transfer model and cloud and atmospheric states derived from WMONEXdata indicate substantial net heating at the base of the cloud (-20 K day1) and cooling at the top(-5 to -15 K day1), resulting in a heating rate differential between the base and top of the cloud of upto 35 K day". Net heating or cooling occurs depending upon the diurnal cycle. It is conjectured thatthe effect of the radiative heating is to destabilize the cloud layer. As the magnitude of the radiativeheating at the base of the cloud is at least within a factor of 2 of estimates of the cooling at the cloudbase due to melting for moderate disturbances and relatively greater for weak disturbances or in locationswell removed from the convective source in any disturbance, it is argued that radiative effects cannotbe ignored in the calculation of the total diabatic heating fields in tropical cloud systems.
Impact of the Ocean Mixed Layer Diurnal Variations on the Intraseasonal Variability of Sea Surface Temperatures in the Atlantic Ocean*
Authors: Guemas Virginie , Salas-Mélia David , Kageyama Masa , Giordani Hervé , Voldoire Aurore 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
This study investigates the nonlinear processes by which the ocean diurnal variations can affect the intraseasonal sea surface temperature (SST) variability in the Atlantic Ocean. The Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques one-dimensional ocean model (CNRMOM1D) is forced with the 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40) surface fluxes with a 1-h frequency in solar heat flux in a first simulation and with a daily forcing frequency in a second simulation. This model has a vertical resolution of 1 m near the surface. The comparison between both experiments shows that the daily mean surface temperature is modified by about 0.3°–0.5°C if the ocean diurnal variations are represented, and this correction can persist for 15–40 days in the midlatitudes and more than 60 days in the tropics. The so-called rectification mechanism, by which the ocean diurnal warming enhances the intraseasonal SST variability by 20%–40%, is found to be robust in the tropics. In contrast, in the midlatitudes, diurnal variations in wind stress and nonsolar heat flux are shown to affect the daily mean SST. For example, an intense wind stress or nonsolar heat flux toward the atmosphere during the first half of the day followed by weak fluxes during the second half result in a shallow mixed layer. The following day, the preconditioning results in heat being trapped near the surface and the daily mean surface temperature being higher than if these diurnal variations in surface forcings were not resolved.
Simulation of Seasonal Variation of Marine Boundary Layer Clouds over the Eastern Pacific with a Regional Climate Model*
Authors: Wang Lei , Wang Yuqing , Lauer Axel , Xie Shang-Ping 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
The seasonal cycle of marine boundary layer (MBL) clouds over the eastern Pacific Ocean is studied with the International Pacific Research Center (IPRC) Regional Atmospheric Model (iRAM). The results show that the model is capable of simulating not only the overall seasonal cycle but also the spatial distribution, cloud regime transition, and vertical structure of MBL clouds over the eastern Pacific. Although the modeled MBL cloud layer is generally too high in altitude over the open ocean when compared with available satellite observations, the model simulated well the westward deepening and decoupling of the MBL, the rise in cloud base and cloud top of the low cloud decks off the Peru and California coasts, and the cloud regime transition from stratocumulus near the coast to trade cumulus farther to the west in both the southeast and northeast Pacific. In particular, the model reproduced major features of the seasonal variations in stratocumulus decks off the Peru and California coasts, including cloud amount, surface latent heat flux, subcloud-layer mixing, and the degree of MBL decoupling. In both observations and the model simulation, in the season with small low-level cloudiness, surface latent heat flux is large and the cloud base is high. This coincides with weak subcloud-layer mixing and strong entrainment at cloud top, characterized by a high degree of MBL decoupling, while the opposite is true for the season with large low-level cloudiness. This seasonal cycle in low-cloud properties resembles the downstream stratocumulus-to-cumulus transition of marine low clouds and can be explained by the “deepening–decoupling” mechanism proposed in previous studies. It is found that the seasonal variations of low-level clouds off the Peru coast are mainly caused by a large seasonal variability in sea surface temperature, whereas those off the California coast are largely attributed to the seasonal cycle in lower-tropospheric temperature.
The Apparent Water Vapor Sinks and Heat Sources Associated with the Intraseasonal Oscillation of the Indian Summer Monsoon
Authors: Wong Sun , Fetzer Eric J. , Tian Baijun , Lambrigtsen Bjorn , Ye Hengchun 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
The possibility of using remote sensing retrievals to estimate apparent water vapor sinks and heat sources is explored. The apparent water vapor sinks and heat sources are estimated from a combination of remote sensing, specific humidity, and temperature from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder/Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AIRS) and wind fields from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)’s Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC)’s Modern Era Retrospective-Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA). The intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) of the Indian summer monsoon is used as a test bed to evaluate the apparent water vapor sink and heat source. The ISO-related northward movement of the column-integrated apparent water vapor sink matches that of precipitation observed by the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) minus the MERRA surface evaporation, although the amplitude of the variation is underestimated by 50%. The diagnosed water vapor and heat budgets associated with convective events during various phases of the ISO agree with the moisture–convection feedback mechanism. The apparent heat source moves northward coherently with the apparent water vapor sink associated with the deep convective activity, which is consistent with the northward migration of the precipitation anomaly. The horizontal advection of water vapor and dynamical warming are strong north of the convective area, causing the northward movement of the convection by the destabilization of the atmosphere. The spatial distribution of the apparent heat source anomalies associated with different phases of the ISO is consistent with that of the diabatic heating anomalies from the trained heating (TRAIN Q1) dataset. Further diagnostics of the TRAIN Q1 heating anomalies indicate that the ISO in the apparent heat source is dominated by a variation in latent heating associated with the precipitation.
Infant feeding practices: Perceptions of Native American mothers and health paraprofessionals
Authors: Horodynski Mildred A , Calcatera Mary , Carpenter Amanda 
Published: March 2011

Objective: To ascertain infant feeding practices and to explore the feasibility of an in-home feeding intervention with Native American Indian (NAI) mothers in six Native American communities in the United States (US). Design: Qualitative focus group study. Setting: Six Native American communities in the Midwest region of the United States. Method: Fourteen NAI health paraprofessionals and 42 NAI mothers took part in 12 focus groups that were conducted by a facilitator, according to a semi-structured topic guide. Focus group data were supplemented with demographic data. Results: For the NAI health paraprofessionals, four major themes emerged: (1) maternal feeding practices for their infants; (2) special considerations when working with the NAI population; (3) sources of advice for NAI mothers; and (4) tailoring a feeding intervention to NAI mothers of infants. For the NAI mothers, four major themes emerged: (1) maternal feeding practices for their infants; (2) expectations about an in-home intervention and how to make it work; (3) useful information regarding infant feeding; and (4) importance of family. Conclusion: Data provided examples of NAI mothers’ feeding practices, suggesting that development of an effective intervention to assist NAI mothers transition their infants to solid foods can help promote healthy infant growth during their first year of life. Health paraprofessionals need to incorporate nutrition messages that are culturally-congruent for NAI mothers. Inclusion of NAI family members may enhance successful changes in infant feeding practices.
The Developmental Relation between Adenoid Tissue and Paranasal Sinus Volumes in 3‐Dimensional Computed Tomography Assessment
Authors: Apuhan Tayfun , Yıldırım Yavuz Selim , Özaslan Hakkı 
Published: March 2011

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the developmental relationship between the volumes of paranasal sinuses and adenoid tissue by using a 3‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction technique.Study DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingTertiary referral center.Subjects and MethodsMultislice computed tomography (MSCT) images were obtained using 3D reconstructions and a volume‐rendering technique (VRT) in 69 boys and 35 girls aged 3 to 16 years, and bilateral maxillary, frontal, and sphenoid sinus volumes, as well as adenoid tissue volume marked in axial‐coronal‐sagittal planes, were calculated. The patients were grouped in 3 categories according to adenoid tissue volumes, and comparisons were made.ResultsThere was no significant difference between the right maxillary volume and left maxillary volume (P =. 93). No significant difference was noted between the groups in terms of age and gender. There was no significant correlation between frontal, sphenoid, right and left maxillary, or total maxillary sinus volumes in all 3 groups of patients.ConclusionWhen classified according to adenoid tissue size, it was observed that increasing adenoid tissue volumes did not significantly affect the development of paranasal sinuses. Developmentally, there are no statistically significant correlations between the volumes of paranasal sinuses and adenoid tissues.
Association between ACE polymorphism and risk of IgA nephropathy: A meta-analysis
Authors: Qin Yuan-Han , Zhou Tian-Biao , Su Li-Na , Lei Feng-Ying , Huang Wei-Fang , Zhao Yan-Jun 
Published: March 2011

Background and objective: The effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism on risk or progression of immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is still debated.Therefore, a meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the association of ACE gene polymorphism with IgAN in different ethnic groups. Method: A predefined search strategy was performed to collect data from electronic databases. Results: Twenty articles were identified for the analysis of the relationship between ACE polymorphism and IgAN risk, including 11 in Asians and nine in Caucasians. There was a markedly positive association between the D allele or DD genotype and IgAN risk in Asians (OR = 1.27, p = 0.006; OR = 1.83, p < 0.0001). However, a link between D allele or DD genotype and IgAN risk was not found in Caucasians (OR = 1.04, p = 0.46; OR = 1.13, p = 0.12). Ten investigations were included for analysis of the association of ACE polymorphism with IgAN progression, including six in Asians and four in Caucasians. These data did not support a link between the ACE D allele or DD genotype and IgAN progression in Asians and Caucasians (Asians: D: OR = 1.03, p = 0.80; DD: OR = 1.43, p = 0.16; Caucasians: D: OR = 1.29, p = 0.22; DD: OR = 1.31, p = 0.17). Conclusions: The D allele or DD genotype is associated with IgAN risk in Asian, but not in Caucasian populations; there was no significant association between the D allele or DD gene and IgAN progression for Asians and Caucasians.
Moderators of chronic disease self-management programs: who benefits?
Authors: Ritter Philip L , Lee Jonathan , Lorig Kate 
Published: March 2011

Background: The Stanford University Chronic Disease Self-Management Program (CDSMP) has resulted in moderate beneficial outcomes in randomized controlled trials. A study of a modified CDSMP in England suggested that younger participants, those with lower initial self-efficacy and those with greater depression benefited most from the program. Design: Using data from previous CDSMP programs in English and Spanish, we examined whether there were statistically significant interactions between baseline statuses (demographic, disease and health status variables) and randomization (intervention or usual-care control) in estimating 6-month changes in health status (health distress, activity limitation/role function, self-efficacy and self-reported general health). If an interaction was found, post hoc examinations of the relationships between the baseline variables and outcomes determined the directions of the relationships. Results: Six moderating variables were found in the original English-language CDSMP and three in the Spanish program. Each moderator was specific to only one outcome within only one of the two studies. Conclusion: There were no consistent moderating effects across four outcomes and two programs and little evidence to suggest that any groups should be targeted for program recruitment. The CDSMP appears to remain useful to a wide range of people with chronic illness.
Medial Column Rodding Facilitated by Transitional Osteochondral Graft
Authors: Cook Jeremy , Cook Emily , Basile Philip 
Published: March 2011

This is a case report using a new technique designed to allow passage of a screw through a joint while simultaneously preserving the joint cartilage. A 58-year-old woman with diabetes with midfoot Charcot neuro-arthropathy underwent reconstruction, which included a medial column rodding. A headless 8.0-mm screw was inserted into the first metatarsal head coursing along the entire medial column after temporary removal of a portion of the osteochondral surface. This allowed the screw to be positioned perpendicular to the medial column joints. Serial radiographs were collected to evaluate alignment, stability, and osteochondral graft incorporation. The patient showed preservation of joint motion and function with complete osteochondral graft incorporation without evidence of joint degeneration or pain after 45 months of follow-up. This is the first study to present the use of a local osteochondral graft to allow passage of a large diameter screw in the foot. Although graft incorporation was complete, the situation regarding joint preservation remains unclear, but midterm follow-up shows promise. Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV, retrospective case study