bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Common OXTR Risk Variant Alters Regulation of Gene Expression by DNA Hydroxymethylation in Pregnant Human Myometrium
Authors: Danoff Joshua S. , Lillard Travis S. , Myatt Leslie , Connelly Jessica J. , Erickson Elise N. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPostpartum hemorrhage, or excessive bleeding after birth, is a leading cause of maternal morbidity. A major cause of postpartum hemorrhage is uterine atony, tiring of the uterus which leads to ineffective contractions. Uterine contractions depend on oxytocin signaling in the myometrium, which in turn depends on expression of the oxytocin receptor (OXTR). Both genetic and epigenetic factors related to the oxytocin receptor are associated with risk of postpartum hemorrhage, but a mechanism relating these factors to oxytocin receptor activity in myometrium remains unclear. We report a genetic by epigenetic interaction whereby the relationship between DNA hydroxymethylation and OXTR gene expression depends on a common OXTR gene variant (rs53576). We also provide evidence that a similar genetic by epigenetic interaction using blood-derived DNA methylation is associated with relevant clinical outcomes: quantity of oxytocin administration and odds for postpartum hemorrhage. These results provide new avenues for predicting how women will respond to pharmacological agents in the prevention and treatment of postpartum hemorrhage.
Light soaking of hydrogenated amorphous silicon: a short review
Authors: Wang Na , Meng Fanying , Zhang Liping , Liu Zhengxin , Liu Wenzhu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) has a long history in the development of photovoltaics, especially in the research field of a-Si:H thin-film solar cells and crystalline/amorphous silicon heterojunction solar cells. More than 40 years ago, Staebler and Wronski reported conductance decrease of a-Si:H induced by light soaking. This phenomenon has been widely investigated for electronic applications. In contrast to that, we found light soaking can also improve dark conductance of a-Si:H when boron or phosphorus atoms are doped into the amorphous network. Here we survey these two photoelectronic effects, and discuss their implementations to silicon solar cells.
Cystinosis — a review of disease pathogenesis, management, and future treatment options
Authors: Devitt Lauren 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCystinosis is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterised by an accumulation of cystine in the lysosomes. It is caused by pathogenic variants of the cystinosin gene (CTNS), which interrupts the transport of cystine from the lysosomes into the cytosol. Intra-lysosomal cystine accumulation leads to subsequent cellular dysfunction. Cystinosis has an incidence of 0.5–1/100,000 live births. There are three forms of cystinosis: nephropathic cystinosis, juvenile cystinosis, and ocular cystinosis, with nephropathic cystinosis being the most prevalent disease subtype. Renal impairment is the most common manifestation of disease. Extrarenal manifestations of cystinosis include hypothyroidism, diabetes, and hypogonadism. The current treatment for cystinosis is cysteamine, a cystine-depleting agent. This is not a curative treatment and only aims to slow the progression of disease. A total of 90% of cystinosis patients progress to kidney failure within the first 20 years of life. Kidney transplantation is the only option available to patients once the disease has progressed to this stage. This review highlights the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of cystinosis, as well as potential future treatment options.
Human health risk assessment of microbial contamination and trace metals in water and soils of Chileka Township, Blantyre, Malawi
Authors: Dzinjalamala Gunseyo Dickson , Kaonga Chikumbusko Chiziwa , Kumwenda Save , Kosamu Ishmael Bobby Mphangwe , Thulu Fabiano Gibson Daud , Chitete-Mawenda Upile , Makwinja Rodgers , Kanyerere Thokozani , Sakugawa Hiroshi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study assessed nutrients and microbial contamination in water and soil samples from Chileka Township, Blantyre City, Malawi. Elevated total and fecal coliforms (1300 cfu/100 mL and 290 cfu/100 mL) in groundwater (GW), and (34,000 cfu/100 mL and 8000 cfu/100 mL) in surface water (SW) were found, representing a risk of exposure to water-borne disease. While the criteria in the Malawi Standard for raw groundwater was mostly met, water from only 20% of the boreholes complied with the WHO requirements. Nitrate (NO3─) and Cl─ (47.8 mg/L and 263 mg/L) exceeded the WHO limits in GW. Cadmium (Cd) occurred in a few cases at concentrations up to 0.217 mg/L and 0.138 mg/L in GW and SW. Lead (Pb) and Cr were below detection limits, while Mn (0.319 mg/L and 0.640 mg/L) in GW and SW, and Fe (6.92 mg/L) in SW compromised taste. Though bacteriologically unfit for raw consumption by humans, both GW and SW chemically met FAO-acceptable limits for irrigation, and standards for livestock watering. The NO3─ and PO43─ maximum concentrations in soil were 58.9 mg/kg and 506 mg/kg, respectively. Lead (Pb) and Cd were not detected whereas Cr, Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe in soil were 27.7 mg/kg, 190 mg/kg, 60.4 mg/kg, 1307 mg/kg and 6552 mg/kg, respectively. Magnesium (Mg), Ca, Na and K were 20,523 mg/kg, 22,334 mg/kg, 544 mg/kg and 5758 mg/kg, respectively in soil. The human health risk assessment results, on the other hand, showed that at least 30% (6 out of 20) of the GW samples and 60% (3 out 8) of the SW samples had HI > 1 for adults, children and infants, indicating existence of non-carcinogenic risk. Similarly, at least 15% (3 out 20) of the GW samples and 18% (1 out of 8) of the SW samples had CR > 0.001 for adults, children and infants, suggesting a risk of developing cancer during a lifetime due to Cd exposure. Though both GW and SW are generally of good chemical quality, chronic exposure to nitrate and cadmium is a health risk in the area. The current trace metal levels are not worrisome, but soil nitrate and phosphate may need regular monitoring.
Crustal Structure, Deformational History, and Tectonic Origin of the Bahamas Carbonate Platform
Authors: Shipper Kenneth , Mann Paul 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe 2–10‐km‐thick, mainly carbonate cap of the 14,000 km2 Bahamas carbonate platform (BCP) has impeded imaging of its underlying crustal structure. The deeper structure of the BCP records both its Mesozoic rift and hotspot history and its later deformation related to its Paleogene collision with the Great Arc of the Caribbean (GAC). We use regional gravity data to model the crustal structure, type, and deformational processes of the BCP by: (a) integrating publicly available seismic data; (b) inverting the Moho along 2D regional gravity transects across the collisional zone; (c) modeling flexural uplift of a forebulge that reflects the attempted subduction of the BCP beneath the GAC; and (d) using downhole temperatures and radiogenic heat production in 1D basin models to differentiate crustal types related to the Mesozoic rift history. We interpret three crustal domains underlying the BCP: (a) 27–12‐km‐thick, rifted, and thinned continental crust of the northern Bahamas between the Blake Plateau and Exuma Sound; (b) 24–12‐km‐thick, volcanically‐thickened oceanic crust related to the Triassic‐Jurassic Bahamas hotspot in the central Bahamas southeast of Long Island; and (c) 20–12‐km‐thick, thickened oceanic crust north of Hispaniola. We propose that these crustal types reflect northwest‐southeastward, Triassic‐Jurassic rifting of the Bahamas region during the breakup of Pangea and accompanying magmatic activity related to the Triassic‐Jurassic Bahamas hotspot and early oceanic spreading. Growth of the BCP during the Cretaceous in this area was followed by Late Cretaceous‐Paleogene subduction‐related flexure and terminal Paleogene collision between the GAC and the BCP.
Mapping Glacier Structure in Inaccessible Areas From Turning Seismic Sources Into a Dense Seismic Array
Authors: Nanni Ugo , Roux Philippe , Gimbert Florent 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUnderstanding glaciers structural heterogeneity is crucial for assessing their fate. Yet, places where structure changes are strong, such as crevasses fields, are often inaccessible for direct instrumentation. To overcome this limitation, we introduce an innovative technique that transforms seismic sources, here generated by crevasses, into virtual receivers using source‐to‐receiver spatial reciprocity. We demonstrate that phase interference patterns between well‐localized seismic sources can be leveraged to retrieve phase velocity maps using Seismic Michelson Interferometry. The obtained phase velocity exhibits sensitivity to changes in glacier structure, offering insights into the origins of mechanical property changes, with spatial resolution surpassing traditional methods by a factor of five. In particular, we observe sharp variations in phase velocity related to strongly damaged subsurface areas indicating a complex 3‐D medium. Applying this method more systematically and in other contexts will enhance our understanding of the structure of glaciers and other seismogenic environments.
What Controls Near‐Surface Relative Humidity Over the Ocean?
Authors: Shakespeare Callum J. , Roderick Michael L. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObservations and models show that near‐surface relative humidity is nearly constant at ∼80% over the ocean in the current climate, and almost invariant in the global mean in projected future climates. Here, this behavior is investigated through the development of a simple theoretical model for near‐surface relative humidity by considering the moisture balance above a uniform ocean surface. The relative humidity is predicted to depend on only the near‐surface wind speed, air‐surface temperature difference, surface wetness and large‐scale moisture convergence. Although developed in the context of moist over‐ocean convection, the theory is able to determine the relative humidity in a suite of idealized simulations over both wet and dry surfaces with a root‐mean‐square error of less than 3%. The theory also predicts the climatology of relative humidity over the ocean with a root‐mean‐square error of less than 3%. The theory thus provides a theoretical basis for investigating changes in relative humidity over the ocean, water vapor feedbacks and the water cycle in current and future climates.
Cold Electron Temperature in the Inner Magnetosphere Estimated Through the Dispersion Relation of ECH Waves From the Arase Satellite Observations
Authors: Taki Tomoe , Kurita Satoshi , Kojima Hirotsugu , Kasahara Yoshiya , Matsuda Shoya , Matsuoka Ayako , Kazama Yoichi , Jun Chae‐Woo , Wang Shiang‐Yu , Tam Sunny W. Y. , Chang Tzu‐Fang , Wang Bo‐Jhou , Miyoshi Yoshizumi , Shinohara Iku 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe have analyzed Electrostatic Electron Cyclotron Harmonic (ECH) waves observed using interferometry observation mode performed by the Arase satellite to estimate low‐energy electron temperatures. Interferometry can be used to calculate velocities, but the Arase satellite can only perform interferometry observations in a one‐dimensional direction. We proposed a method to estimate the wave vector of the observed ECH waves from the observed electric fields and calculated the phase velocity for each frequency. We determined the particle parameters from the particle detector and the upper hybrid resonance and estimated the unknown low‐energy electron temperature from the agreement between the observed ECH dispersion relation and the theoretical dispersion curves. We performed our analysis for six events and found that the low‐energy electron temperature in the observed region is on the order of 1 eV.
ULF Wave Transport of Relativistic Electrons in the Van Allen Belts: Criteria for Transition to Radial Diffusion
Authors: Li Zhi‐Gu , Mann Ian R. , Ozeke Louis G. , Olifer Leonid , Degeling Alexander W. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRelativistic electrons in the radiation belts can be transported as a result of wave‐particle interactions (WPI) with ultra‐low frequency (ULF) waves. Such WPI are often assumed to be diffusive, parametric models for the radial diffusion coefficient often being used to assess the rates of radial transport. However, these WPI transition from initially coherent interactions to the diffusive regime over a finite time, this time depending on the ULF wave power spectral density, and local resonance conditions. Further, in the real system on the timescales of a single storm, interactions with finite discrete modes may be more realistic. Here, we use a particle‐tracing model to simulate the dynamics of outer radiation belt electrons in the presence of a finite number of discrete frequency modes. We characterize the point of the onset of diffusion as a transition from separate discrete interactions in terms of wave parameters by using the “two‐thirds” overlap criterion (Lichtenberg & Lieberman, 1992, https://doi.org/10.1007/978‐1‐4757‐2184‐3), a comparison between the distance between, and the widths of, the electron's primary resonant islands in phase space. Further, we find the particle decorrelation time in our model system with typical parameters to be on the timescale of hours, which only afterward can the system be modeled by one‐dimensional radial diffusion. Direct comparison of particle transport rates in our model with previous analytic diffusion coefficient formulations show good agreement at times beyond the decorrelation time. These results are critical for determining the time periods and conditions under which ULF wave radial diffusion theory can be applied.
An ultra-deep TSV technique enabled by the dual catalysis-based electroless plating of combined barrier and seed layers
Authors: Su Yuwen , Ding Yingtao , Xiao Lei , Zhang Ziyue , Yan Yangyang , Liu Zhifang , Chen Zhiming , Xie Huikai 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSilicon interposers embedded with ultra-deep through-silicon vias (TSVs) are in great demand for the heterogeneous integration and packaging of opto-electronic chiplets and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices. Considering the cost-effective and reliable manufacturing of ultra-deep TSVs, the formation of continuous barrier and seed layers remains a crucial challenge to solve. Herein, we present a novel dual catalysis-based electroless plating (ELP) technique by tailoring polyimide (PI) liner surfaces to fabricate dense combined Ni barrier/seed layers in ultra-deep TSVs. In additional to the conventional acid catalysis procedure, a prior catalytic step in an alkaline environment is proposed to hydrolyze the PI surface into a polyamide acid (PAA) interfacial layer, resulting in additional catalysts and the formation of a dense Ni layer that can function as both a barrier layer and a seed layer, particularly at the bottom of the deep TSV. TSVs with depths larger than 500 μm and no voids are successfully fabricated in this study. The fabrication process involves low costs and temperatures. For a fabricated 530-μm-deep TSV with a diameter of 70 μm, the measured depletion capacitance and leakage current are approximately 1.3 pF and 1.7 pA at 20 V, respectively, indicating good electrical properties. The proposed fabrication strategy can provide a cost-effective and feasible solution to the challenge of manufacturing ultra-deep TSVs for modern 3D heterogeneous integration and packaging applications.
Farnesyltransferase inhibitor lonafarnib suppresses respiratory syncytial virus infection by blocking conformational change of fusion glycoprotein
Authors: Yang Qi , Xue Bao , Liu Fengjiang , Lu Yongzhi , Tang Jielin , Yan Mengrong , Wu Qiong , Chen Ruyi , Zhou Anqi , Liu Lijie , Liu Junjun , Qu Changbin , Wu Qingxin , Fu Muqing , Zhong Jiayi , Dong Jianwei , Chen Sijie , Wang Fan , Zhou Yuan , Zheng Jie , Peng Wei , Shang Jinsai , Chen Xinwen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the major cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in young children and the elderly. There are currently no approved RSV-specific therapeutic small molecules available. Using high-throughput antiviral screening, we identified an oral drug, the prenylation inhibitor lonafarnib, which showed potent inhibition of the RSV fusion process. Lonafarnib exhibited antiviral activity against both the RSV A and B genotypes and showed low cytotoxicity in HEp-2 and human primary bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC). Time-of-addition and pseudovirus assays demonstrated that lonafarnib inhibits RSV entry, but has farnesyltransferase-independent antiviral efficacy. Cryo-electron microscopy revealed that lonafarnib binds to a triple-symmetric pocket within the central cavity of the RSV F metastable pre-fusion conformation. Mutants at the RSV F sites interacting with lonafarnib showed resistance to lonafarnib but remained fully sensitive to the neutralizing monoclonal antibody palivizumab. Furthermore, lonafarnib dose-dependently reduced the replication of RSV in BALB/c mice. Collectively, lonafarnib could be a potential fusion inhibitor for RSV infection.
Tumour cell-derived serglycin promotes IL-8 secretion of CAFs in gastric cancer
Authors: Li Xiang , Xie Guiping , Chen Jia , Wang Yaohui , Zhai Jing , Shen Lizong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs)-derived IL-8 plays important roles in chemoresistance, immunosuppression, and lymph node metastasis of gastric cancer. However, the mechanisms underlying IL-8 production in CAFs remains unclear.

Methods
DNA pulldown assay was performed to identify the transcription factors responsible for IL-8 expression in CAFs, which was further verified using CHIP-qPCR and DNA agarose gel electrophoresis assays. The cellular localisation of IL-8 was analysed using multiplex immunofluorescence (MxIF).

Results
MxIF demonstrated that IL-8 was mainly produced by CAFs in gastric cancer. Lysine[K]-specific demethylase 5B (KDM5B) was identified as an IL-8 transcription factor in CAFs, and the binding of KDM5B to phosphorylated RB1 limited the transcriptional regulation of IL-8 in gastric cancer cells. Serglycin (SRGN) secreted by tumour cells activated the CD44/c-Myc pathway to upregulate KDM5B expression, thereby promoting IL-8 production in CAFs. Furthermore, tumour-associated neutrophils (TANs)-derived regenerating family member 4 (REG4) upregulates SRGN expression by activating cAMP-responsive element binding protein 1 (CREB1) in gastric cancer cells. Thus, the SRGN-IL-8-TANs-SRGN loop, which facilitates tumour progression, has been explored in gastric cancer.

Conclusions
This study revealed the mechanisms of the preferential production of IL-8 by CAFs in gastric cancer, and paves the way for potential new therapeutic strategies for gastric cancer.
The lncRNAMALAT1-WTAP axis: a novel layer of EMT regulation in hypoxic triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Dragonetti Martina , Turco Chiara , Benedetti Anna , Goeman Frauke , Forcato Mattia , Scalera Stefano , Allegretti Matteo , Esposito Gabriella , Fazi Francesco , Blandino Giovanni , Donzelli Sara , Fontemaggi Giulia 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEarly metastatic disease development is one characteristic that defines triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) as the most aggressive breast cancer (BC) subtype. Numerous studies have identified long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) as critical players in regulating tumor progression and metastasis formation. Here, we show that MALAT1, a long non-coding RNA known to promote various features of BC malignancy, such as migration and neo angiogenesis, regulates TNBC cell response to hypoxia. By profiling MALAT1-associated transcripts, we discovered that lncRNA MALAT1 interacts with the mRNA encoding WTAP protein, previously reported as a component of the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification writer complex. In hypoxic conditions, MALAT1 positively regulates WTAP protein expression, which influences the response to hypoxia by favoring the transcription of the master regulators HIF1α and HIF1β. Furthermore, WTAP stimulates BC cell migratory ability and the expression of N-Cadherin and Vimentin, hallmarks of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In conclusion, this study highlights the functional axis comprising MALAT1 and WTAP as a novel prognostic marker of TNBC progression and as a potential target for the development of therapeutic approaches for TNBC treatment.
Electrodiagnostic tests of the visual pathway and applications in neuro-ophthalmology
Authors: Calcagni Antonio , Neveu Magella M. , Jurkute Neringa , Robson Anthony G. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis article describes the main visual electrodiagnostic tests relevant to neuro-ophthalmology practice, including the visual evoked potential (VEP), and the full-field, pattern and multifocal electroretinograms (ffERG; PERG; mfERG). The principles of electrophysiological interpretation are illustrated with reference to acquired and inherited optic neuropathies, and retinal disorders that may masquerade as optic neuropathy, including ffERG and PERG findings in cone and macular dystrophies, paraneoplastic and vascular retinopathies. Complementary VEP and PERG recordings are illustrated in demyelinating, ischaemic, nutritional (B12), and toxic (mercury, cobalt, and ethambutol-related) optic neuropathies and inherited disorders affecting mitochondrial function such as Leber hereditary optic neuropathy and dominant optic atrophy. The value of comprehensive electrophysiological phenotyping in syndromic diseases is highlighted in cases of SSBP1-related disease and ROSAH (Retinal dystrophy, Optic nerve oedema, Splenomegaly, Anhidrosis and Headache). The review highlights the value of different electrophysiological techniques, for the purposes of differential diagnosis and objective functional phenotyping.
Influence of the spaceflight environment on macrophage lineages
Authors: An Rocky , Blackwell Virginia Katherine , Harandi Bijan , Gibbons Alicia C. , Siu Olivia , Irby Iris , Rees Amy , Cornejal Nadjet , Sattler Kristina M. , Sheng Tao , Syracuse Nicholas C. , Loftus David , Santa Maria Sergio R. , Cekanaviciute Egle , Reinsch Sigrid S. , Ray Hami E. , Paul Amber M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSpaceflight and terrestrial spaceflight analogs can alter immune phenotypes. Macrophages are important immune cells that bridge the innate and adaptive immune systems and participate in immunoregulatory processes of homeostasis. Furthermore, macrophages are critically involved in initiating immunity, defending against injury and infection, and are also involved in immune resolution and wound healing. Heterogeneous populations of macrophage-type cells reside in many tissues and cause a variety of tissue-specific effects through direct or indirect interactions with other physiological systems, including the nervous and endocrine systems. It is vital to understand how macrophages respond to the unique environment of space to safeguard crew members with appropriate countermeasures for future missions in low Earth orbit and beyond. This review highlights current literature on macrophage responses to spaceflight and spaceflight analogs.