bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is there a role for rifampicin, ofloxacin and minocycline (ROM) therapy in the treatment of leprosy? Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Setia Maninder S. , Shinde Santosh S. , Jerajani Hemangi R. , Boivin Jean‐François 
Published: September 2011

SummaryBackground  A combination of rifampicin, ofloxacin and minocycline (ROM) is one of the newer recommendations for treatment of leprosy. We performed a systematic review and a meta‐analysis of studies that had evaluated the efficacy of ROM therapy in treatment of paucibacillary and multibacillary leprosy patients.Methods  Studies were identified by searching the PubMed, Embase, LILACS and Cochrane databases. Data were abstracted from all relevant studies, and fixed effects models were used to calculate the summary estimate of effect in paucibacillary and multibacillary leprosy patients.Results  Six studies comparing ROM therapy to multidrug therapy and eight studies that evaluated the effect of ROM therapy alone (no comparison group) were included in the review and meta‐analysis. The combined estimate for single dose ROM vs. multidrug therapy in paucibacillary leprosy patients suggested that ROM was less effective than multidrug therapy in these patients [relative risk: 0.91, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.86–0.97]. However, the combined estimate for multiple doses of ROM vs. multidrug therapy in multibacillary leprosy patients suggested that ROM was as effective as multidrug therapy in reducing bacillary indices in these patients (proportion change: −4%, 95% CI −31% to 23%). No major side effects were reported in either the ROM or the multidrug treatment groups.Conclusions  Single‐dose ROM therapy was less effective than multidrug therapy in paucibacillary patients. However, there are insufficient data to come to a valid conclusion on the efficacy of multidose ROM therapy in multibacillary leprosy, and additional studies with ROM therapy in multibacillary leprosy are needed. Furthermore, multiple doses may be considered as another alternative even for paucibacillary patients, and randomised controlled trials of this therapy may be useful to understand its contribution in the treatment and control of leprosy.
Olfactory response of Typhlodromus pyri (Acari: Phytoseiidae) to synthetic methyl salicylate in laboratory bioassays
Authors: Gadino Angela N. , Walton Vaughn M. , Lee Jana C. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe herbivore‐induced plant volatile (HIPV) methyl salicylate (MeSA) is widely present in the chemical profile of several plant species and is known to attract natural enemies, including predatory mites. In this study, the response of Typhlodromus pyri, a key predator of pest mites in west coast vineyards, to synthetically produced MeSA was tested using a Y‐tube olfactometer in laboratory bioassays. Six doses ranging from 0.002 to 200 μg of MeSA diluted in 0.1 ml hexane were tested. Significantly higher proportions of T. pyri preferred MeSA at doses 0.02, 0.2 and 20 μg. No differences in response to MeSA were detected at the highest (200 μg), intermediate (2 μg) and lowest (0.002 μg) doses. Mite response to MeSA was a function of dose when fitting polynomial and logistic regression models using dose and square of the log dose prediction factors. Results indicate that synthetic MeSA may be applied to attract predatory arthropod populations in vineyards to enhance biological control of pest mites.
Marriage, Divorce, and Interstate Risk Sharing*
Authors: Halla Martin , Scharler Johann 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we study the importance of marriage for interstate risk sharing in the US. We find that US federal states in which married couples account for a higher share of the population are less exposed to state‐specific output shocks. Thus, in addition to improving the allocation of risk at the individual level, marriage also has implications for risk sharing at the more aggregated state level. Quantitatively, the impact of marriage on interstate risk sharing varies over divorce regimes.
Romantic Relationship Commitment and Its Linkages with Commitment to Parents and Friends during Adolescence
Authors: De Goede Irene H. A. , Branje Susan , van Duin Jet , VanderValk Inge E. , Meeus Wim 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis five‐wave longitudinal study examines linkages between adolescents' perceptions of romantic relationship commitment and the development of adolescents' perceptions of commitment to parents and friends. A total of 218 early‐to‐middle adolescents (39.0 percent boys) and 185 middle‐to‐late adolescents (30.8 percent boys) participated. Multivariate growth curves showed that higher base levels of commitment and a stronger positive development of commitment to parents and friends were associated with higher levels of later commitment to romantic partners. The effects were equally strong in early‐to‐middle adolescence and middle‐to‐late adolescence. Also, commitment to parents and commitment to friends were associated equally strong to romantic relationship commitment. No gender differences were found regarding these linkages. Overall, this study shows the importance of parents and friends for boys and girls regarding committed romantic relationships. The results support the idea of one stable and general working model used in different types of relationships.
Secondary School Transition and the Use of Different Sources of Information for the Construction of the Academic Self‐concept
Authors: Gniewosz Burkhard , Eccles Jacquelynne S. , Noack Peter 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis study focuses on processes involved in students' academic self‐concept constructions before, during, and after secondary school transition. The study is based on a four‐wave longitudinal dataset (N = 1953). Structural equation modeling showed that during school transition, the impact of grades on students' academic self‐concepts in Math and English decreased whereas the effects of maternal competence perceptions increased. After the transition, the effects of grades increased, while the effects maternal competence beliefs decreased again. The results are interpreted in terms of differential emphasizing of sources of information for students' self‐concept construction. During school transition, elementary school grades lost informational value for self‐evaluations due to the changed frame of reference. To secure stable and valid self‐assessments, students emphasized other sources than grades; in this, case information obtained through parental competence appraisals. After transition, when valid grades were available for the students' constructions again, the temporarily heightened parental influence decreased again.
Commercial, non‐profit and governmental residential elderly care in Flanders: Differences in client selection and efficiency?
Authors: Verschuere Bram , Moray Nathalie , Decramer Adelien 
Published: September 2011

Verschuere B, Moray N, Decramer A. Commercial, non‐profit and governmental residential elderly care in Flanders: differences in client selection and efficiency?Inspired by New Public Management, governments have stimulated competition, outsourcing and privatisation in the public sector. Also, in care of the elderly, there has been a substantial increase in commercial provision. The present study explored the presumed differences in the performance of public (governmental), private non‐profit and private commercial elderly care organisations. We used quantitative indicators on the population of residential elderly care organisations in Flanders (Belgium). Although we found that commercial elderly care facilities tended to be more input‐efficient while non‐profit and public elderly care facilities tended to be more attentive to recruiting and housing residents with high care needs, these results need to be interpreted in light of the regulatory framework in which the different types of elderly care facilities operate.
False positives or hidden dimensions: What can monetary and multidimensional measurement tell us about child poverty in Vietnam?
Authors: Roelen Keetie , Gassmann Franziska , de Neubourg Chris 
Published: September 2011

Roelen K, Gassmann F, de Neubourg C. False positives or hidden dimensions: what can monetary and multidimensional measurement tell us about child poverty in Vietnam?A widely used division between poverty measures based on conceptual underpinnings and analytical outcomes is that of monetary versus multidimensional measures. Comparisons of the use and outcomes of the two methods have shown that they predominantly provide different pictures of poverty in terms of size, rank and group. This article contributes to the long‐standing and ongoing debate on poverty measurement by comparing the use of monetary and multidimensional poverty approaches, with a special focus on children in Vietnam and extending the empirical analysis beyond conventional methods. In addition to investigating whether poverty outcomes or groups of identified poor children differ when using the two different poverty measures, we also investigated the drivers underlying these differences. Findings confirm a considerable degree of mismatch: both poverty measures proved to be inadequate proxies for the other and factors underlying the identification by either one or both of the measures differed.
Long‐lasting neuroprotection and neurological improvement in stroke models with new, potent and brain permeable inhibitors of poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase
Authors: Moroni F , Cozzi A , Chiarugi A , Formentini L , Camaioni E , Pellegrini‐Giampietro DE , Chen Y , Liang S , Zaleska MM , Gonzales C , Wood A , Pellicciari R 
Published: September 2011

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSES Thienyl‐isoquinolone (TIQ‐A) is a relatively potent PARP inhibitor able to reduce post‐ischaemic neuronal death in vitro. Here we have studied, in different stroke models in vivo, the neuroprotective properties of DAMTIQ and HYDAMTIQ, two TIQ‐A derivatives able to reach the brain and to inhibit PARP‐1 and PARP‐2.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Studies were carried out in (i) transient (2 h) middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO), (ii) permanent MCAO (pMCAO) and (iii) electrocoagulation of the distal portion of MCA in conjunction with transient (90 min) bilateral carotid occlusion (focal cortical ischaemia).KEY RESULTS In male rats with tMCAO, HYDAMTIQ (0.1–10 mg·kg−1) injected i.p. three times, starting 4 h after MCAO, reduced infarct volumes by up to 70%, reduced the loss of body weight by up to 60% and attenuated the neurological impairment by up to 40%. In age‐matched female rats, HYDAMTIQ also reduced brain damage. Protection, however, was less pronounced than in the male rats. In animals with pMCAO, HYDAMTIQ administered 30 min after MCAO reduced infarct volumes by approximately 40%. In animals with focal cortical ischaemia, HYDAMTIQ treatment decreased post‐ischaemic accumulation of PAR (the product of PARP activity) and the presence of OX42‐positive inflammatory cells in the ischaemic cortex. It also reduced sensorimotor deficits for up to 90 days after MCAO.CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our results show that HYDAMTIQ is a potent PARP inhibitor that conferred robust neuroprotection and long‐lasting improvement of post‐stroke neurological deficits.
Inhibitory effect of bufalin and cinobufagin on steroidogenesis via the activation of ERK in human adrenocortical cells
Authors: Kau Mei‐Mei , Wang Jiing‐Rong , Tsai Shiow‐Chwen , Yu Ching‐Han , Wang Paulus S 
Published: September 2011

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Bufalin and cinobufagin exhibit cardiotonic and natriuretic activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of bufalin and cinobufagin on aldosterone and cortisol secretion and their mechanisms of action in human adrenocortical cells (NCI‐H295).EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH H295 cells were incubated with bufalin or cinobufagin in the presence or absence of angiotensin II (Ang II), forskolin, 8‐Br‐cAMP, corticosterone or deoxycortisol. The role of ERK1/2 was studied by use of the inhibitor of MEK (U0126). The binding of transcription factor steroidogenic factor 1 (SF‐1) to steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) gene promoter was analysed by EMSA.KEY RESULTS Bufalin and cinobufagin markedly inhibited basal, Ang II‐, forskolin‐ or 8‐Br‐cAMP‐stimulated aldosterone and cortisol secretion, and the conversions of corticosterone to aldosterone and deoxycortisol to cortisol. Bufalin and cinobufagin also inhibited StAR protein expression and SF‐1 binding to StAR gene promoter. They both increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2, and U0126 fully abolished these effects on ERK1/2 in H295 cells. Furthermore, U0126 reversed the inhibitory effects of bufalin and cinobufagin on StAR protein expression and the binding of SF‐1 to StAR gene promoter. However, U0126 did not completely reverse their inhibitory effects on aldosterone and cortisol release.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The inhibitory effects of bufalin and cinobufagin on steroidogenesis of aldosterone and cortisol were associated with inhibition of aldosterone synthase and 11β‐hydroxylase, as well as the suppression of StAR protein expression and SF‐1 binding to StAR promoter via the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in H295 cells.
The Feasibility of Inpatient Geriatric Assessment for Older Adults Receiving Induction Chemotherapy for Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
Authors: Klepin Heidi D. , Geiger Ann M. , Tooze Janet A. , Kritchevsky Stephen B. , Williamson Jeff D. , Ellis Leslie R. , Levitan Denise , Pardee Timothy S. , Isom Scott , Powell Bayard L. 
Published: September 2011

ObjectivesTo test the feasibility and utility of a bedside geriatric assessment (GA) to detect impairment in multiple geriatric domains in older adults initiating chemotherapy for acute myelogenous leukemia (AML).DesignProspective observational cohort study.SettingSingle academic institution.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 60 and older with newly diagnosed AML and planned chemotherapy.MeasurementsBedside GA was performed during inpatient exmination for AML. GA measures included the modified Mini‐Mental State Examination; Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; Distress Thermometer, Pepper Assessment Tool for Disability (includes self‐ reported activities of daily living (ADLs), instrumental ADLs, and mobility questions); Short Physical Performance Battery (includes timed 4‐m walk, chair stands, standing balance); grip strength, and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Comorbidity Index.ResultsOf 54 participants (mean age 70.8 ± 6.4) eligible for this analysis, 92.6% completed the entire GA battery (mean time 44.0 ± 14 minutes). The following impairments were detected: cognitive impairment, 31.5%; depression, 38.9%; distress, 53.7%; impairment in ADLs, 48.2%; impaired physical performance, 53.7%; and comorbidity, 46.3%. Most were impaired in one (92.6%) or more (63%) functional domains. For the 38 participants rated as having good performance status according to standard oncologic assessment (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Performance Scale score ≤1), impairments in individual GA measures ranged from 23.7% to 50%. Significant variability in cognitive, emotional, and physical status was detected even after stratification according to tumor biology (cytogenetic risk group classification).ConclusionInpatient GA was feasible and added new information to standard oncology assessment, which may be important for stratifying therapeutic risk in older adults with AML.
How comfortable is neonatal transport?
Authors: Harrison Cath , McKechnie Liz 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAims:  Discomfort and stress have been widely studied in the newborn baby but data are lacking for the infant undergoing transport. The aim of our study was to identify infant discomfort during road transport and its pattern.Methods:  This was a prospective cohort study on all infants transported by the Yorkshire Neonatal Transport Service over a 6‐month period. The same environmental measures were used for each baby. The premature infant pain profile was used to measure stress and discomfort at five specified times during transport. The score before any intervention was the gold standard.Results:  Of 239 transport episodes, 140 had complete data. Twenty‐four babies were ventilated and routinely sedated with morphine, and the remaining babies had no pain relief. The same pattern of premature infant pain profile (PIPP) score was seen in all infants regardless of gestation or sedation. The raw PIPP scores (and data when ranked) peaked during road transport, and this was a significant change compared to baseline observations. This pattern was consistent across all gestational age groups. The sedated/ventilated babies showed the same pattern although it was blunted.Conclusion:  All babies showed higher levels of discomfort during transport compared to baseline. More work is needed to develop interventions that could potentially decrease this.
Effect of roll clearance of mechanical processing of corn silage harvested at the black‐line stage of maturity on carbohydrate and protein utilization in dairy cows
Authors: TANIGAWA Tamako , OOSAKA Ikuo , KAWAMOTO Satoshi , HARA Satoshi 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTThe experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of roll clearance of mechanical processing of whole plant corn silage (CS) on carbohydrate and protein utilization in dairy cows. Treated CS was harvested at the black‐line stage of maturity and chopped at a theoretical length of cut (TLC) of 9.5 mm without processing or at a TLC of 19 mm with processing at a roll clearance of 1, 3 and 5 mm. Four ruminally and duodenally cannulated dry cows were assigned to a 4 × 4 Latin square design for 14‐day periods. Cows were fed diets containing 77% CS and 23% soybean meal (dry matter basis) to equalize the crude protein supply. Mechanical processing had no significant effect on dry matter intake and neutral detergent fiber digestibility. Ruminal and total tract starch digestibility and total digestible nutrients tended to be higher with processing at a roll clearance of 1 or 3 mm than at 5 mm. Microbial nitrogen efficiency in cows did not differ among all treatment groups. These results suggest that when CS is harvested at the black‐line stage of maturity, roll clearance should be 3 mm or less with a TLC of 19 mm.
Mapping QTL for fat area ratios and serum leptin concentrations in a Duroc purebred population
Authors: UEMOTO Yoshinobu , SOMA Yusuke , SATO Shuji , SHIBATA Tomoya , KADOWAKI Hiroshi , KATOH Kazuo , KOBAYASHI Eiji , SUZUKI Keiichi 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTThe reduction of extra subcutaneous, intermuscular and abdominal fat is important to increase the carcass lean percentage of pigs. Image analyses of fat area ratios were effective for estimation of separated fat in pig carcasses. Serum concentrations of leptin are useful as physiological predictors of fat accumulation in pigs. The objectives of the present study were to perform a quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis for fat area ratios and serum leptin concentrations in a Duroc purebred population. Pigs (n = 226 to 538) were measured for fat area ratios of carcass cross‐sections at the fifth to sixth thoracic vertebrae, half body length and last thoracic vertebra using an image analysis system, and serum leptin concentration. In total, animals were genotyped for 129 markers and used for QTL analysis. For fat area ratios, four significant and 12 suggestive QTLs were detected on chromosomes 1, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12 and 13. Significant QTLs were detected on the same region of chromosome 6, which was located near a leptin receptor gene. For serum leptin concentrations, two significant and two suggestive QTLs were detected on chromosomes 6, 9, and 16, and the QTLs on chromosome 6 were also in the same region for fat area ratios.
Identification and characterization of lactic acid bacteria isolated from mixed pasture of timothy and orchardgrass, and its badly preserved silage
Authors: TOHNO Masanori , KOBAYASHI Hisami , NOMURA Masaru , UEGAKI Ryuichi , CAI Yimin 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTIn order to understand the relationship between lactic acid bacteria (LAB) species and silage fermentation, a total of 65 LAB strains isolated from mixed pasture of timothy (Phleum pratense L.) and orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), and its badly preserved silages were subjected to phenotypic and genetic analysis. According to these analyses, the isolates were divided into 13 groups, including Enterococcus gallinarum, Lactobacillus acidipiscis, L. coryniformis subsp. coryniformis, L. coryniformis subsp. torquens, L. curvatus, L. paraplantarum, L. plantarum subsp. argentoratensis, L. plantarum subsp. plantarum, L. sakei subsp. carnosus, Lactococcus garvieae, Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris, Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides, Pediococcus acidilactici, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Weissella hellenica, Weissella paramesenteroides and Carnobacterium divergens. This is the first report to document that C. divergens, L. acidipiscis, L. sakei subsp. carnosus, L. garvieae, phenotypically novel L. lactis subsp. cremoris, E. gallinarum and W. hellenica are present in vegetative forage crops. L. plantarum group strains were most frequently isolated from the badly preserved silages. Some isolates showed a wide range of growth preferences for carbohydrate utilization, optimal growth pH and temperature in vitro, indicating that they have a high growth potential. These results are useful in understanding the diversity of LAB associated with decayed silage of timothy and orchardgrass.
Variation in chemical composition of corn dried distillers grains with solubles in relation to in situ protein degradation profiles in the rumen
Authors: KAJIKAWA Hiroshi , MIYAZAWA Kei , YANASE Ayako , TANABE Yuki , TSUCHIDA Yu , MITSUMOTO Yukiko , KOZATO Yoshinobu , MITSUMORI Makoto 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTChemical composition and in situ degradation profiles were analyzed for 27 samples of dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) distributed in Japan, and a wide variation was found in neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content, which had positive relationships to detergent‐insoluble crude proteins such as neutral detergent‐insoluble crude protein (NDICP) and acid detergent‐insoluble CP (ADICP). Samples with lower NDF (< 35% on dry matter (DM)) showed higher soluble fractions of protein, but the degradation rate of microbially degradable protein in the rumen was not different in comparison with the samples with higher NDF, and no difference was shown between samples with higher and lower NDF after 24 and 48 h of in situ incubation for DM and CP degradation, respectively. The NDICP content in the digestion residue decreased with time of incubation, especially for samples with higher NDF, while the ADICP content increased. These results suggest that a part of the soluble fraction of CP in DDGS would be incorporated into NDICP by the heating process in bio‐ethanol production, which is still highly degradable, whereas another part of the fraction incorporated into ADICP would proceed to the advanced steps of irreversible amino‐carbonyl reaction.
Breaking the ice: planetesimal formation at the snowline
Authors: Aumatell Guillem , Wurm Gerhard 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACT
Recently Saito & Sirono proposed that large ice aggregates which drift inwards in protoplanetary discs breakup during sublimation, ejecting embedded silicate particles. This would lead to a concentration of small solid particles close to the snowline. In view of this model, we carried out laboratory experiments where we observed freely levitating ice aggregates sublimating. We find that frequent breakup is indeed very common. Scaled to a 10 cm aggregate, about 2 × 104 small silicate aggregates might result. This supports the idea that sublimation of drifting ice aggregates might locally increase the density of small dust (silicate) particles which might more easily be swept up by larger dust aggregates or trigger gravitational instability. Either way, this might locally boost the formation of planetesimals at the snowline.