bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colorimetric properties and stability of 3D prints
Authors: Stanic Maja , Lozo Branka , Gregor Svetec Diana 
Published: March 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate and discuss colour properties, stability and lightfastness after accelerated exposure in xenon‐arc light apparatus, of 3D ink jet prints produced by using 3D colour printing process.Design/methodology/approach3D colour prints were produced using ZCorporation 3D printing method. The samples were divided into groups according to the finishing process applied (untreated, finished with different infiltrants). Colorimetric properties were measured using spectrophotometer. Samples were placed into xenon‐arc based weathering apparatus (Xenotest), using the preset glass filtered sunlight, standard indoor conditions. Colour stability was evaluated as change in colour after repeating the spectrophotometer measurements and comparing spectral and specific colorimetric values of initial and exposed samples.FindingsBased on methodology used, the analysis has shown the changes in colour appearance of differently finished 3D prints, which were mostly attributed to chroma and lightness variations. The colour stability of samples studied noticeably varied and is dependent on colour, percentage of ink coverage and finishing method. Issues of colour and stability of 3D ink jet prints could become important as 3D printing emerges into new application areas, in which the object properties will need to be maintained for a certain amount of time.Research limitations/implicationsThe research is comparative and is limited to the specific materials and procedures used.Originality/valueThe paper describes aspects of colour 3D printing for which the published research and literature data are still, for the most part, lacking. Colour measurements methodology and evaluation of stability described could be of value for further research and for users of the technology.
Rational expectations?
Authors: Fuerst Franz , Grandy Anna‐Maija 
Published: March 2012

PurposeExpectations of future market conditions are acknowledged to be crucial for the development decision and hence for shaping the built environment. The purpose of this paper is to study the central London office market from 1987 to 2009 and test for evidence of rational, adaptive and naive expectations.Design/methodology/approachTwo parallel approaches are applied to test for either rational or adaptive/naive expectations: vector auto‐regressive (VAR) approach with Granger causality tests and recursive OLS regression with one‐step forecasts.FindingsApplying VAR models and a recursive OLS regression with one‐step forecasts, the authors do not find evidence of adaptive and naïve expectations of developers. Although the magnitude of the errors and the length of time lags between market signal and construction starts vary over time and development cycles, the results confirm that developer decisions are explained, to a large extent, by contemporaneous and historic conditions in both the City and the West End, but this is more likely to stem from the lengthy design, financing and planning permission processes rather than adaptive or naive expectations.Research limitations/implicationsMore generally, the results of this study suggest that real estate cycles are largely generated endogenously rather than being the result of large demand shocks and/or irrational behaviour.Practical implicationsDevelopers may be able to generate excess profits by exploiting market inefficiencies but this may be hindered in practice by the long periods necessary for planning and construction of the asset.Originality/valueThis paper focuses the scholarly debate of real estate cycles on the role of expectations. It is also one of very few spatially disaggregate studies of the subject matter.
Regional economic integration and international strategic alliances: evidence from the EU
Authors: Alhorr Hadi S. , Boal Kimberly , Cowden Birton J. 
Published: March 2012

PurposeRegional economic integration has been a major area of research in the field of international economics and international trade, with little attention being paid to the impact of these economic collaborations on the organizational strategies of firms within the economically integrated regions. By building on the organization‐environment relationship paradigm, this paper aims to address the impact of environmental changes associated with economic integration, market commonality and currency commonality, on the patterns and structures of strategic alliances within members of the economic community.Design/methodology/approachUsing mixed linear models, the study looks at changes associated with the integration of the European Union and their effects on international alliances within the integrated area and among the various member countries.FindingsThe findings suggest that the emergence and the adoption of economic integration policies at the country level do impact the patterns and structures of strategic alliances practiced between member countries. Specifically, the adoption of common market policies among members of an economic community has implications on the pattern and structure of strategic collaborative relationships of firms within these member countries.Originality/valueWhile regional economic integrations have accelerated, theoretical and empirical research addressing their impact on multinational strategies has yet to catch up.
Measuring downstream supply chain performance
Authors: Cirtita Horatiu , Glaser‐Segura Daniel A. 
Published: March 2012

PurposeDownstream supply chain (DSC) performance metrics provide a standard framework to assess internal performance. DSC performance metrics can also help balance performance tradeoffs among firms. The purpose of this paper is to develop a survey instrument to determine whether observed performance metrics correspond to the literature and to determine if performance metric systems are used to improve inter‐firm performance.Design/methodology/approachThe survey instrument used in this study was based on SCOR performance attributes consisting of: delivery reliability, responsiveness, flexibility, costs, and asset management efficiency. The survey was completed by 73 members of the Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals (CSCMP) consisting of high‐level managers representing US companies.FindingsOne factor explained the underlying one‐dimensional structure of the surveyed Supply‐chain operations reference (SCOR) model as an internal metrics system but the authors did not find convincing support for the notion that external performance metrics are used to coordinate external, DSC inter‐firm activities.Research limitations/implicationsA larger sample size would have allowed more insight into the inter‐relationships of the performance attribute variables. Moreover, the sampling plan limited generalization beyond US firms.Practical implicationsFirms used a standardized performance metric system and did not “pick” among metrics. In addition, firms used metrics independently of the decision to coordinate DSC activities. Perhaps they first learn to coordinate the internal performance and later extend to DSC members.Originality/valueThe paper describes one of the few empirical studies of the SCOR model in US industry.
The politics of destination marketing
Authors: Atorough Peter , Martin Andrew 
Published: March 2012

PurposeDestination Management Organisations (DMOs) are very much a part of the Scottish tourism landscape in 2011. Some regional tourism stakeholders have created DMOs to manage their respective regional attractions, but until now, this has not been the case with north‐east Scotland. As a prelude to the potential creation of a regional DMO, the purpose of this paper is to empirically evaluate tourism business leaders' attitudes and likely acceptance of the DMO's structure and functions.Design/methodology/approachThe Thomas‐Kilmann Conflict Mode (TKCM) was utilised to provide an evaluative framework, with discussion of the assertiveness versus cooperativeness needs of tourism business stakeholders in the region. The TKCM's measurement instrument was utilised along with a purpose‐built questionnaire to gather information about tourism leaders' interaction orientations and their level of support for the formation of a DMO, its structure and functions.FindingsTourism leaders in north‐east Scotland are collaboration‐oriented. Initial findings indicate that on balance, tourism businesses (as expressed by their managers/owners) are persuaded by the attractiveness of collaboration at an integrated regional level, but would nevertheless prefer a certain degree of competition. In addition, organisational size and membership of existing destination management networks appear to moderate the interaction choice preference.Research limitations/implicationsFirst, the scale and questionnaire instrument developed to test attitudes toward a DMO formation have not been exhaustively evaluated, nor have the potential moderating factors been comprehensively assessed. A more robust and validated scale should be developed and moderators clearly modelled. Second, current sample size is limited and may not provide an adequate basis for generalisation. In future, a larger sample should be employed. Finally, this research is exploratory in scope, and future research, designed along an evaluative and analytical basis, is encouraged.Practical implicationsCollaboration within a new DMO in marketing to new markets and the support for this is not challenged, but some competition among tourism providers will continue. It is likely that the disparity between tourism performance in the city and rural areas will continue in the near future. The role of the DMO will therefore involve enlarging the customer base and raising the tourism profiles of both city and rural locations, in order to create a level playing field.Originality/valueThis research is the first to utilise the TKCM and Instrument to assess tourism business leaders' assertiveness versus cooperativeness orientations, prior to the initiation of an alliance in a region. The paper shows that this approach holds viability for future research in this direction, especially the potential of TKCM as a predictive framework for interorganisational interaction and collaboration.
Measuring women's beliefs about glass ceilings: development of the Career Pathways Survey
Authors: Smith Paul , Crittenden Nadia , Caputi Peter 
Published: March 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a new measure called the Career Pathways Survey (CPS) which allows quantitative comparisons of women's beliefs about glass ceilings.Design/methodology/approachA 34‐item version of the CPS was completed by 243 women from all levels of management, mostly in Australia. An expanded 38‐item CPS was administered to another sample of women (n=307).FindingsAnalyses of data from both studies yielded a four factor model of attitudes to glass ceilings: resilience, acceptance, resignation and denial. The factors demonstrated good internal consistency.Practical implicationsThe CPS allows a comparison of positive attitudes towards seeking promotions via resilience and denial scores, and provides feedback on negative attitudes towards seeking promotions via resignation and acceptance scores.Social implicationsThis new measure can be recommended for studies of women's and men's attitudes towards gender inequality in organizational leadership. Also, it could play a role in identifying sexist cultures in organizations.Originality/valueBecause of the scarcity of measures of glass ceiling beliefs, this study makes a major contribution to the literature on women's beliefs about barriers to career advancement.
Structural integrity during remanufacture of a topologically interlocked material
Authors: Mather Adam , Cipra Raymond , Siegmund Thomas 
Published: March 2012

PurposeTopologically interlocked materials are a class of materials in which individual unit elements interact with each other through contact only. Cracks and other defects occurring due to external loading are contained in the individual unit elements. Thus, topologically interlocked materials are damage tolerant and provide high structural integrity. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the concepts of remanufacturing in the context of a material for which the intended use is structural such that the material's structural integrity is of concern. In particular, the study is concerned with the mechanical behavior of a topologically interlocked material.Design/methodology/approachA topologically interlocked material based on tetrahedron unit elements is investigated experimentally. Manufacturing with aid of a robotically controlled end‐effector is demonstrated, and mechanical properties are determined for a plate configuration. A conceptual mechanical model for failure of topologically interlocked materials is developed and used to interpret the experimental results.FindingsIt is demonstrated that remanufacturing of the topologically interlocked material is possible with only a limited loss of material performance. The proposed model predicts trends in agreement with the experimental findings.Research limitations/implicationsWhile the model predictions are qualitatively in agreement with experiments, more detailed finite element models are needed to predict the material performance accurately. Experiments were conducted on a model material obtained from a 3D printer and should be verified on other solids.Practical implicationsThe authors demonstrate that damage containment together with the absence of binders or adhesives enables reuse through remanufacturing without loss of structural integrity.Social implicationsTopologically interlocked materials emerge as attractive materials for sustainable engineering once their material performance are weighted with an environmental impact factor.Originality/valueRemanufacturing experiments on a novel class of materials were conducted and a new model for the characterization of the structural integrity of topologically interlocked materials is proposed and successfully evaluated against experiments in at least qualitative form.
Nuclear expression of N‐cadherin correlates with poor prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Luo Wei‐Ren , Wu Ai‐Bing , Fang Wei‐Yi , Li Si‐Yi , Yao Kai‐Tai 
Published: March 2012

Luo W‐R, Wu A‐B, Fang W‐Y, Li S‐Y & Yao K‐T (2012) Histopathology 61, 237–246Nuclear expression of N‐cadherin correlates with poor prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinomaAims:  To investigate the aberrant expression of N‐cadherin in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and its prognostic significance.Methods and results:  Immunohistochemical staining for N‐cadherin protein was performed on tissue microarray (TMA) from 122 NPC patients. Cytoplasmic N‐cadherin was observed in 42.6% and nuclear N‐cadherin in 45.1% of NPC tissues. High expression of cytoplasmic and nuclear N‐cadherin was associated with a majority of the clinicopathological variables, including lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and clinical stage. Cytoplasmic N‐cadherin was associated positively with nuclear N‐cadherin expression (P = 0.000). In univariate analysis, cytoplasmic N‐cadherin showed no significant impact on patient prognosis. In contrast, the overall survival was significantly shorter in patients with high nuclear N‐cadherin than those with low levels of staining (P = 0.002). A high expression of nuclear N‐cadherin predicted poorer survival in patients with late stage disease (P = 0.033), but not those with early tumour stage. In addition, multivariate analysis showed nuclear N‐cadherin to bean independent prognostic marker for NPC patients (P = 0.024).Conclusions:  Nuclear N‐cadherin expression may represent a valuable prognostic marker in NPC patients, especially those with late stage disease.
The nature of innate and adaptive interleukin‐17A responses in sham or bacterial inoculation
Authors: Chong Deborah L. W. , Ingram Rebecca J. , Lowther Daniel E. , Muir Roshell , Sriskandan Shiranee , Altmann Daniel M. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryStreptococcus pyogenes is the causative agent of numerous diseases ranging from benign infections (pharyngitis and impetigo) to severe infections associated with high mortality (necrotizing fasciitis and bacterial sepsis). As with other bacterial infections, there is considerable interest in characterizing the contribution of interleukin‐17A (IL‐17A) responses to protective immunity. We here show significant il17a up‐regulation by quantitative real‐time PCR in secondary lymphoid organs, correlating with increased protein levels in the serum within a short time of S. pyogenes infection. However, our data offer an important caveat to studies of IL‐17A responsiveness following antigen inoculation, because enhanced levels of IL‐17A were also detected in the serum of sham‐infected mice, indicating that inoculation trauma alone can stimulate the production of this cytokine. This highlights the potency and speed of innate IL‐17A immune responses after inoculation and the importance of proper and appropriate controls in comparative analysis of immune responses observed during microbial infection.
Rheological interactions of selected hydrocolloid–sugar–milk–emulsifier systems
Authors: BahramParvar Maryam , Razavi Seyed M. A. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryRheological properties of solutions containing different ratios and concentrations of three hydrocolloids, i.e., basil seed gum (BSG), guar gum and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) were investigated. In addition, the effect of sucrose, skim milk powder and emulsifier, as key ice cream constituents, on the rheological properties of selected hydrocolloids was studied. Power law model was used to describe the rheological properties. Results showed that flow behaviour index of selected hydrocolloids, without any additives, was in the range of 0.501–0.789, while consistency coefficient and apparent viscosity of samples varied from 0.052 to 0.750 Pa.sn, and 0.014 to 0.110 Pa.s, respectively. Addition of sucrose and emulsifier to hydrocolloids led to more viscous and more pseudoplastic solutions, whereas skim milk decreased viscosity and pseudoplasticity in some cases. BSG as a new source of hydrocolloid revealed promising results. Synergistic interactions between gums improved the viscosity of solutions, especially in the case of CMC and guar.
Testing edible mushrooms to inhibit the pancreatic lipase activity by an in vitro digestion model
Authors: Palanisamy Marimuthu , Gil‐Ramírez Alicia , Ruiz‐Rodríguez Alejandro , Marín Francisco R. , Reglero Guillermo , Soler‐Rivas Cristina 
Published: March 2012

SummaryOne of the strategies in prevention or treatment of obesity is altering metabolism of lipids by inhibition of dietary fat absorption. The extracts obtained with methanol, water and methanol:water (1:1) from 21 mushroom species were screened as potential sources of pancreatic lipase (PL) inhibitors using a standardised in vitro test. Lepiota procera methanol:water (1:1) extracts showed the highest inhibition activity closely followed by Grifola frondosa, Pleurotus eryngii and Lyophyllum shimeji. Other mushroom strains such as Morchella conica, Marasmius oreades, Lentinula edodes, Amanita ponderosa and Boletus edulis also showed a certain inhibitory activity. However, when the PL inhibitory activity was evaluated using an in vitro digestion model mimicking gut conditions, none of the selected mushroom extracts were able to inhibit PL activity. On the contrary, stimulation of the lipase activity levels was observed and it was not due to endogenous mushroom lipases activities.
The mediating effects of perceived parental teasing on relations of body mass index to depression and self‐perception of physical appearance and global self‐worth in children
Authors: Bang Kyung‐Sook , Chae Sun‐Mi , Hyun Myung‐Sun , Nam Hye Kyung , Kim Ji‐Soo , Park Kwang‐Hee 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAim.  To report a correlational study of the relation of body mass index to children’s perceptions of physical appearance and global self‐worth and depression, as mediated by their perceptions of parental teasing.Background.  The relation between depression and self‐perception in children with obesity has been reported. Recently, parental factors were found to be related to childhood obesity. Little is known about the effects of perceived parental teasing on depression and self‐perception in children.Design.  A descriptive correlational research design was used.Methods.  Data were collected from 455 children in the fifth and sixth grades in four provinces of South Korea using self‐report questionnaires for measuring self‐perception of physical appearance and global self‐worth, depression and perceived parental teasing between October–December in 2009. The children’s weight and height information from school health records was used. Multiple regression analysis and the Sobel test were used to identify the mediating effect of perceived parental teasing.Results.  Among the children, 20% were overweight or obese. Although children with obesity did not differ in the level of depression from their normal weight counterparts, they demonstrated lower perceived physical appearance and higher perceived parental teasing. The mediating effects of perceived parental teasing were found for the relations between body mass index and self‐perception of physical appearance and global self‐worth, and body mass index and depression, respectively.Conclusion.  Obese children at risk of parental teasing should be identified to prevent their psychological problems. A well‐designed intervention study is necessary to examine the effects of psycho‐emotional interventions for obese children.
Radiation following long‐distance dispersal: the contributions of time, opportunity and diaspore morphology in Sicyos (Cucurbitaceae)
Authors: Sebastian Patrizia , Schaefer Hanno , Lira Rafael , Telford Ian R. H. , Renner Susanne S. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAim To infer the most plausible explanations for the presence of 14 species of the Neotropical cucurbit genus Sicyos on the Hawaiian Islands, two on the Galápagos Islands, two in Australia, and one in New Zealand.Location Neotropics, the Hawaiian and Galápagos archipelagos, Australia and New Zealand.Methods We tested long‐problematic generic boundaries in the tribe Sicyoeae and reconstructed the history of Sicyos using plastid and nuclear DNA sequences from 87 species (many with multiple accessions) representing the group’s generic and geographic diversity. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches were used to infer relationships, divergence times, biogeographic history and ancestral traits.Results Thirteen smaller genera, including Sechium, are embedded in Sicyos, which when re‐circumscribed as a monophyletic group comprises 75 species. The 14 Hawaiian species of Sicyos descended from a single ancestor that arrived c. 3 million years ago (Ma), Galápagos was reached twice at c. 4.5 and 1 Ma, the species in Australia descended from a Neotropical ancestor (c. 2 Ma), and New Zealand was reached from Australia. Time since arrival thus does not correlate with Sicyos species numbers on the two archipelagos.Main conclusions A plausible mechanism for the four trans‐Pacific dispersal events is adherence to birds of the tiny hard fruit with retrorsely barbed spines found in those lineages that underwent long‐distance migrations. The Hawaiian clade has lost these spines, resulting in a lower dispersal ability compared with the Galápagos and Australian lineages, and perhaps favouring allopatric speciation.