bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Telomerisation of 1,3‐Butadiene with 1,4:3,6‐Dianhydrohexitols: An Atom‐Economic and Selective Synthesis of Amphiphilic Monoethers from Agro‐Based Diols
Authors: Lai Jonathan , Bigot Sandra , Sauthier Mathieu , Molinier Valérie , Suisse Isabelle , Castanet Yves , Aubry Jean‐Marie , Mortreux André 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe telomerisation of 1,3‐butadiene with a Pd/TPPTS catalytic system in water or an organic solvent was used for the synthesis of C8 ethers from isosorbide, an agro‐based diol. The use of water/oil biphasic reaction conditions allowed the selective synthesis of monoethers with improved rates upon using inorganic bases as promotors. As isosorbide is a non‐symmetric diol, the two hydroxyl groups display different reactivities. 2‐O‐substituted‐monoethers were preferentially obtained if water was used as the solvent, whereas in DMSO 5‐O‐substituted monoethers were the major products. Complete conversions of isosorbide with up to 94 % monoether selectivities were obtained. The optimized reaction conditions were successfully applied to isomannide and isoidide for the selective synthesis of the derived ethers. An improved reactivity of the endo‐hydroxy groups of isosorbide and isomannide versus the exo‐hydroxy groups of isosorbide and isoidide was observed if the reaction was performed in DMSO instead of water.
Bandwidth allocation for cooperative relay networks based on Nash bargaining solution
Authors: Ma Kai , Han Qiaoni , Chen Cailian , Guan Xinping 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYThis paper is concerned with the bandwidth allocation problem for cooperative relay networks. The relay takes the roles of not only forwarding the data originated from the users but also of transmitting its own data to the access point. We focus on the interesting questions of when and how the users and the relay can both benefit from the cooperation by bandwidth allocation for relaying among the users. The bandwidth allocation problem is formulated in this paper as a Nash bargaining problem, and then the bandwidth allocation algorithm can be given on the basis of the sub‐gradient method. Simulation results illustrate that users and the relay can both obtain more profits through cooperation. Copyright ©2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Within‐litter variance in early rat pup–mother interactions and adult offspring responses to novelty
Authors: Ragan C.M. , Loken E. , Stifter C.A. , Cavigelli S.A. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractSiblings share similar genetics and environments, however, their behavior can be quite different. To determine if within‐litter variance in neonatal–maternal interactions predict adult sibling behavioral variance, we observed mother–pup interactions during postnatal days 1–8 in four Sprague–Dawley rat litters and measured adult offspring behavioral responses to social and physical novelty. Our results indicate that pup and maternal behavior varied by at least twofold within each litter, and that specific pup behaviors within each litter (perioral contact) were associated with increased maternal licking. Furthermore, siblings that received more licks and made more perioral contact during postnatal days 1–8 had longer latencies to approach novel objects in adulthood than siblings that received less licking and made less perioral contact. This within‐litter variance in postnatal mother and pup behavior and offspring adult behavior indicates that early social dynamics within families are an important area to examine to understand the development of sibling variance. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 54:199‐206, 2012.
Self‐regulation of negative affect at 5 and 10 months
Authors: Morasch Katherine C. , Bell Martha Ann 
Published: July 2011

AbstractOne hundred six infants participated in a longitudinal study of cognition–emotion integration exploring the effects of attentional control on regulation of negative affect across infancy. At both 5 and 10 months, attentional control was measured behaviorally (looking time to neutral stimulus), physiologically (cardiac reactivity), and with temperament‐based parental ratings of orienting/regulation. Looking and cardiac measures were examined both before and after a mild stressor. At 5 months, post‐distress negative affect was related only to distress‐related increases in heart rate. At 10 months, however, behavioral, cardiac, and parent‐report aspects of attentional control explained unique variance in post‐distress negative affect. Attentional control measures at 5 months did not predict negative affect at 10 months. This pattern of results is discussed with respect to the development of frontally mediated regulatory mechanisms from infancy into early childhood. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 54:215‐221, 2012.
Does the early social environment affect structure and consistency of personality in wild‐type male rats?
Authors: Gracceva Giulia , Koolhaas Jaap M. , Groothuis Ton G.G. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAnimal personality has been extensively studied from a functional and evolutionary point of view. Less attention has been paid to the development of personality, its phenotypic plasticity, and the influence of manipulation of early environmental factors. Here we describe the effects of manipulating the sex ratio of the litter, at postnatal day (pnd) 3, in wild‐type rats, on personality traits in adulthood. We measured the treatment effects on aggression, defensive burying, and open field behavior at pnd 90 and 120, as well as on their contextual generality, and stability over time (differential and structural consistency). Main effects of litter composition were found on open field behavior at pnd 120 but not on the other behaviors. Since correlations between behaviors changed over time irrespective of the specific treatment, whereas in previous studies on unmanipulated litters this was not the case we suggest that early handling may disrupt adult personality traits. Overall the data indicate that personality is less stable over time that often assumed, having both proximate and ultimate implications. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 53:614–623, 2011.
Dendritic structural plasticity
Authors: Tavosanis Gaia 
Published: July 2011

AbstractDendrites represent the compartment of neurons primarily devoted to collecting and computating input. Far from being static structures, dendrites are highly dynamic during development and appear to be capable of plastic changes during the adult life of animals. During development, it is a combination of intrinsic programs and external signals that shapes dendrite morphology; input activity is a conserved extrinsic factor involved in this process. In adult life, dendrites respond with more modest modifications of their structure to various types of extrinsic information, including alterations of input activity. Here, the author reviews classical and recent evidence of dendrite plasticity in invertebrates and vertebrates and current progress in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie this plasticity. Importantly, some fundamental questions such as the functional role of dendrite remodeling and the causal link between structural modifications of neurons and plastic processes, including learning, are still open. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 72: 73–86, 2012
Role of extracellular matrix proteins and their receptors in the development of the vertebrate neuromuscular junction
Authors: Singhal Neha , Martin Paul T. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe vertebrate neuromuscular junction (NMJ) remains the best‐studied model for understanding the mechanisms involved in synaptogenesis, due to its relatively large size, its simplicity of patterning, and its unparalleled experimental accessibility. During neuromuscular development, each skeletal myofiber secretes and deposits around its extracellular surface an assemblage of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins that ultimately form a basal lamina. This is also the case at the NMJ, where the motor nerve contributes additional factors. Before most of the current molecular components were known, it was clear that the synaptic ECM of adult skeletal muscles was unique in composition and contained factors sufficient to induce the differentiation of both pre‐ and postsynaptic membranes. Biochemical, genetic, and microscopy studies have confirmed that agrin, laminin (221, 421, and 521), collagen IV (α3‐α6), collagen XIII, perlecan, and the ColQ‐bound form of acetylcholinesterase are all synaptic ECM proteins with important roles in neuromuscular development. The roles of their many potential receptors and/or binding proteins have been more difficult to assess at the genetic level due to the complexity of membrane interactions with these large proteins, but roles for MuSK‐LRP4 in agrin signaling and for integrins, dystroglycan, and voltage‐gated calcium channels in laminin‐dependent phenotypes have been identified. Synaptic ECM proteins and their receptors are involved in almost all aspects of synaptic development, including synaptic initiation, topography, ultrastructure, maturation, stability, and transmission. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 71: 982‐1005, 2011
Brain activity associated with graphic emoticons. The effect of abstract faces in communication over a computer network
Authors: Yuasa Masahide , Saito Keiichi , Mukawa Naoki 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we describe the brain activities that are associated with graphic emoticons by using functional MRI (fMRI). We use various types of faces, from abstract to photorealistic, in computer network applications. A graphics emoticon is an abstract face in communication over a computer network. In this research, we created various graphic emoticons for the fMRI study and the graphic emoticons were classified according to friendliness and level of arousal. We investigated the brain activities of participants who were required to evaluate the emotional valence of the graphic emoticons (happy or sad). The experimental results showed that not only the right inferior frontal gyrus and the cingulate gyrus, but also the inferior and middle temporal gyrus and the fusiform gyrus, were found to be activated during the experiment. Furthermore, it is possible that the activation of the right inferior frontal gyrus and the cingulate gyrus is related to the type of abstract face. Since the inferior and middle temporal gyrus were activated, even though the graphic emoticons are static, we may perceive graphic emoticons as dynamic and living agents. Moreover, it is believed that text and graphics emoticons play an important role in enriching communication among users. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 177(3): 36–45, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21162
Molecular Rotors as Fluorescent Viscosity Sensors: Molecular Design, Polarity Sensitivity, Dipole Moments Changes, Screening Solvents, and Deactivation Channel of the Excited States
Authors: Zhou Fuke , Shao Jingyin , Yang Yubin , Zhao Jianzhang , Guo Huimin , Li Xiaolian , Ji Shaomin , Zhang Zongying 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA library of new fluorescent molecular rotors (FMRs) for viscosity sensing was synthesized. The sensitivity of the fluorescence emission toward solvent viscosity and polarity was investigated by using UV/Vis absorption, fluorescence emission spectra, and theoretical calculations. For the new FMRs, red‐shifted emissions at 620 nm, Stokes shifts of 170 nm, and up to 40‐fold fluorescence enhancement upon increasing the viscosity of solvents were observed (cf. known FMRs with emissions at 491 nm, Stokes shift of 33 nm and fivefold emission enhancement). By using solvents with high viscosity but low polarity, for example, polyethylene glycol (PEG‐400) or dimethyl silicone oil, rotors previously identified as non‐FMRs with ethylene glycol/glycerol show FMR properties. We found triphenylamine (TPA)‐based rotors showed solvent‐polarity‐dependent emission, but also FMR properties. This is contrary to the known theory of FMRs. One of the TPA‐based rotors shows the highest x value of 0.88 (versus 0.6 for known FMRs). The emissive excited states of the FMRs proved to be locally excited (LE) states and twisted intramolecular charge‐transfer (TICT) states were identified as dark states through trifluoroacetic acid titration and DFT/time‐dependent DFT calculations, which show that the nonradiative decay channel of the excited FMRs is the rotation about the dicyanovinyl C=C double bonds in the S1 state, not rotation around C–C single bonds. Extension of the π conjugation of the rotors increases the rotation barrier around the C=C double bond in the S1 state (to ca. 50 kJ mol–1 or higher), thus the nonradiative channel is blocked and higher fluorescence quantum yields are observed for the new rotors. Our results will be useful for future design of FMRs as fluorescent viscosity sensors.
Magnesium oxide nanoparticles: Preparation, characterization, and uranium sorption properties
Authors: Camtakan Zeyneb , Erenturk Sema (Akyil) , Yusan Sabriye (Doyurum) 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe objective of this work was to study the sorption of uranium (VI) ions on magnesium oxide (MgO) from aqueous solutions. The MgO has been prepared via hydroxide precipitation followed by thermal decomposition of the hydroxide. MgO was characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and multipoint Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller. The relative importance of test parameters such concentration of adsorbate, pH, contact time, and temperature on adsorption performance of MgO for U(VI) ion were studied and the optimum sorption efficiency was found as 87.61 ± 3.10%. Desorption tests were also carried out and desorption efficiency was found as 100% with NH4Cl and NaNO3 solutions containing 0.1 M on a single step. Typical sorption isotherms (Freundlich and Dubinin‐Raduskevich) were determined for the mechanism of sorption process and thermodynamic constants (ΔH°, ΔS°, and ΔG°) were calculated as −8.738 kJ mol−1, −21.68 kJ mol−1, and 0.102 kJ mol−1 K−1, respectively. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2011
A study of no conversion into No2 and N2O over Co3O4 catalyst
Authors: Ayoub Muhammad , Faisal Irfan Muhammad , Zuhairi Abdullah Ahmad 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe catalytic activity of Co3O4 catalyst was examined in a differential reactor for converting NO to NO2 and N2O. It was observed that mostly NO was oxidized to NO2 rather than N2O over the catalyst at temperatures above 250°C in the presence of 5% oxygen and 10% water. The maximum conversion was 71% at 300°C. However, the presence of H2O slightly suppressed NO2 generation due to the occupation of active sites by H2O but no such effect was observed during N2O generation. At calcination temperature of 300°C, the maximum activity of the catalyst for NO conversion was observed due to the sintering of the catalyst at higher temperatures. In the presence of hydrocarbon, inhibition of NO conversion was also observed. This was due to the hydrocarbon competition with NO for the active sites of the catalyst. Moreover, on comparing with other workers, the activity of NO conversion over Co3O4 catalyst was found to be more selective towards NO2 generation at a wide range of temperatures resulting in less N2O generation. The activation energy (Ea) and pre‐exponential factor (Ao) values were found to be 37.7 kJ mol−1 and −7.26 ppm−2 s−1. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2011
Dark fermentation of hydrogen from waste glycerol using hyperthermophilic eubacterium Thermotoga neapolitana
Authors: Ngo Tien Anh , Sim Sang Jun 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWaste glycerol from bio‐diesel manufacturing is currently held to be a new, attractive, and abundant resource for future bio‐fuel. Bio‐hydrogen production via the fermentation route was examined for the first time from pure glycerol and discharged waste glycerol as the sole substrate by the hyperthermophilic eubacterium Thermotoga neapolitana. The bacterium, directly fermenting pure glycerol and crude waste glycerol in the medium, showed respective retarded growth and low H2 production 447 ± 22 mL H2 L−1 and 437 ± 21 mL H2 L−1. Attempting to improve the growth and H2 production, small amount (1.5 g L−1) of itaconic acid was added into the culture medium. In this case, H2 production from fermentation was approximately 620 ± 30 mL H2 L−1 for both pure glycerol and pre‐treated waste glycerol as main substrate, an increase of 36.6% compared with cultures grown without itaconic acid, respectively. Further optimization of the glycerol concentration and culture conditions revealed enhancements in growth, H2 production, and glycerol utilization. The H2 fermentation from waste glycerol is of potential importance as wastes from bio‐diesel processes can be utilized to produce bio‐hydrogen. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2011
Evaluation of meteorological controls of reconstructed rockfall activity in the Czech Flysch Carpathians
Authors: Šilhán Karel , Brázdil Rudolf , Pánek Tomáš , Dobrovolný Petr , Kašičková Lucie , Tolasz Radim , Turský Ondřej , Václavek Marek 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTRockfall is an important process in the final sculpturing of escarpments and scree slopes that originate in bedrock landslides in the Flysch Carpathians. The spatio‐temporal characteristics of rockfall activity were studied at four localities representative of old landslides in the highest part of the Czech Flysch Carpathians (Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mountains). Historical activity, chronology, and spatial context of rockfall activity were reconstructed using dendrogeomorphic techniques and rockfall rate index (RR). A total of 1132 increment cores from 283 trees growing in the rockfall transport and accumulation zones enabled the dating of 989 rockfall events. Reconstruction of a 78‐year‐long RR chronology suggests similar rockfall histories and trends at all study sites, indicating the existence of major common factors driving rockfall dynamics in the region. Temporal analysis and correlation of the RR series obtained with monthly mean temperatures, numbers of days with temperature transitions through 0 °C and monthly precipitation totals show that meteorological characteristics have evident but variable influence on rockfall activity. The most important factor is the effect of freeze–thaw cycles throughout the year, supplemented by low temperatures, especially during autumn. The influence of precipitation totals is of lesser importance. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The coupling status of alluvial fans and debris cones: a review and synthesis
Authors: Harvey Adrian M. 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTAlluvial fans and debris cones link two zones of the fluvial system (e.g. hillslope gully systems to stream channels; mountain catchment sediment source areas to main river systems or to sedimentary basins) and therefore have important coupling or buffering roles. These roles may be both functional and preservational. The functional role includes debris‐cone coupling, which controls sediment supply from hillslope gully systems to stream channels, influencing channel morphology. Coupling through larger alluvial fans, expressed by fanhead trenching, causes a distal shift in sedimentation zones, or when expressed by through‐fan trenching, causes complete sediment by‐pass. The preservational role stems from the fact that fans and cones are temporary sediment storage zones, and may preserve a record of source–area environmental change more sensitively than would sediments preserved further downsystem. Fan coupling mechanisms include distally‐induced coupling (basal scour, ‘toe cutting’, marginal incision) and proximally‐induced coupling (fanhead and midfan trenching). These mechanisms lead initially to partial coupling, either extending the immediate sediment source area to the stream system or shifting the focus of sedimentation distally. Complete coupling involves transmission of sediment from the feeder catchment through the fan environment into the downstream drainage or a sedimentary basin. The implications of coupling relate to downstream channel response, fan morphology, sedimentation patterns and vertical sedimentary sequences. Temporal and spatial scales of coupling are related, and with increasing scales the dominant controls shift from storm events to land cover to climatic and base‐level change and ultimately to the relationships between tectonics and accommodation space. Finally, future research challenges are identified. Modern dating techniques and sophisticated analysis of remotely sensed data can greatly improve our understanding of fan dynamics, and should lead to better cross‐scale integration between short‐term process‐based approaches and long‐term sedimentological applications, while maintaining high quality field‐based observations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Xenobiotic-induced changes in the arginase activity of zebrafish (Danio rerio) eleutheroembryo
Authors: Fuentealba González Pablo , Llanos-Rivera Alejandra , Carvajal Baeza Nelson , Uribe Pérez Elena 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
The impact of xenobiotics in organisms at the biochemical level can be detected using specific or nonspecific biochemical markers. Activity of the enzyme arginase is used as a biochemical parameter of cell proliferation in mammals because of its importance in polyamine synthesis, which provides molecules for cellular growth and differentiation. Therefore, total arginase activity could indicate sublethal organism alterations induced by xenobiotics. In the present study, bioassays with early stages of Danio rerio were implemented using the pesticide malathion as a reference toxicant and a kraft pulp mill (KPM) effluent to assess their potential toxicity. The experimental design considered a 144-h static bioassay that involved incubation from an early 3-h postfertilization embryonic stage through to the eleutheroembryo stage. Growth variations and observations of organ development were evaluated and related to total arginase activity. The enzymatic activity in eleutheroembryo exposed to malathion exhibited a significant decrease at concentrations equal to or higher than 3 mg/L. Delays in the early development and morphometric parameters suggest metabolic depression in these conditions. A significant positive relationship between total arginase activity and eleutheroembryo development was observed, indicating that a decrease in total arginase activity might be related to sublethal alterations in eleutheroembryo growth. Bioassay results with KPM effluents resulted in a delay in organogenesis only in effluent concentrations of 100% and were related to a significant decrease in total arginase activity. In conclusion, total arginase activity has a higher sensitivity compared with morphological parameters in providing an early signal of the sublethal effects on early life stages of fish exposed to environmental stress. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:2285–2291. © 2011 SETAC