bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Empirical Bayes False Coverage Rate Controlling Confidence Intervals
Authors: Zhao Zhigen , Gene Hwang J. T. 
Published: June 2012

SummaryBenjamini and Yekutieli suggested that it is important to account for multiplicity correction for confidence intervals when only some of the selected intervals are reported. They introduced the concept of the false coverage rate (FCR) for confidence intervals which is parallel to the concept of the false discovery rate in the multiple-hypothesis testing problem and they developed confidence intervals for selected parameters which control the FCR. Their approach requires the FCR to be controlled in the frequentist’s sense, i.e. controlled for all the possible unknown parameters. In modern applications, the number of parameters could be large, as large as tens of thousands or even more, as in microarray experiments. We propose a less conservative criterion, the Bayes FCR, and study confidence intervals controlling it for a class of distributions. The Bayes FCR refers to the average FCR with respect to a distribution of parameters. Under such a criterion, we propose some confidence intervals, which, by some analytic and numerical calculations, are demonstrated to have the Bayes FCR controlled at level q for a class of prior distributions, including mixtures of normal distributions and zero, where the mixing probability is unknown. The confidence intervals are shrinkage-type procedures which are more efficient for the θis that have a sparsity structure, which is a common feature of microarray data. More importantly, the centre of the proposed shrinkage intervals reduces much of the bias due to selection. Consequently, the proposed empirical Bayes intervals are always shorter in average length than the intervals of Benjamini and Yekutieli and can be only 50% or 60% as long in some cases. We apply these procedures to the data of Choe and colleagues and obtain similar results.
Joint Composite Estimating Functions in Spatiotemporal Models
Authors: Bai Yun , Song Peter X.-K. , Raghunathan T. E. 
Published: June 2012

SummaryModelling of spatiotemporal processes has received considerable attention in recent statistical research. However, owing to the high dimensionality of the data, the joint modelling of spatial and temporal processes presents a great computational challenge, in both likelihood-based and Bayesian approaches. We propose a joint composite estimating function approach to estimating spatiotemporal covariance structures. This substantially reduces the computational complexity and is more efficient than existing composite likelihood methods. The novelty of the proposed joint composite estimating function is rooted in the construction of three sets of estimating functions from spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal cross-pairs, which results in overidentified estimating functions. Thus, we form a joint inference function in a spirit that is similar to Hansen’s generalized method of moments. We show that under practical scenarios the estimator proposed is consistent and asymptotically normal. Simulation studies prove that our method performs well in finite samples. Finally, we illustrate the joint composite estimating function method by estimating the spatiotemporal dependence structure of airborne particulates (PM10) in the north-eastern USA over a 32-month period.
The Causal Effect of Education on Wages Revisited*
Authors: Dickson Matt 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis study estimates the return to education in Britain using two instrumental variable (IV) estimators: one exploits variation in schooling associated with early smoking, the other uses the raising of the school leaving age; both affect a sizeable proportion of the sample. Early smoking is found to be a strong and valid IV and unlike previous IV strategies uses variations in education at numerous points across the distributions of (i) education, and (ii) ability. Thus whilst still a ‘local average treatment effect’ the estimate is closer to the average effect of additional education, akin to least squares but corrected for endogeneity.
‘Who's the Daddy?’ – Ideas about Fathers from a Young Men's Prison
Authors: Earle Rod 
Published: June 2012

AbstractDrawing from an ethnographically‐informed study of men's identities and social relations in prison, this article explores the ways in which ideas about fatherhood are institutionally deployed and personally experienced. Based on interviews and observational data in a young offender institution (YOI) for 18‐ to 21‐year‐old men, the article considers young men's orientations toward being a father and their participation in parenting classes and a ‘Fathers Inside’ group. Four vignettes are constructed to present an account of some of the issues surrounding men's experience of prison, being a man and a father, researching men in prison and gender regimes in which fathers are being rediscovered and reinvented.
Promoting an Evidence‐Informed Approach to Addressing Problem Gambling in UK Prison Populations
Authors: May‐Chahal Corinne , Wilson Alison , Humphreys Leslie , Anderson Jill 
Published: June 2012

AbstractInternational studies find that between a quarter and a third of offenders may be defined as problem gamblers. No comparable studies have been conducted in the UK during the last decade, which has seen unprecedented changes in gambling legislation and opportunities. The present study in two English prisons (one male and one female) found that levels of problem gambling were in line with global estimates. 27.8% of men and 18.1% of women were rated as medium‐risk and problem gamblers. Gambling problems were linked to current and previous offending for between 7% and 13% of all offenders.
Estimating tropical forest ungulate densities from sign surveys using abundance models of occupancy
Authors: Gopalaswamy A. M. , Karanth K. U. , Kumar N. S. , Macdonald D. W. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractLarge ungulates critically influence forest structure and functioning besides being seriously threatened by anthropogenic pressures. For assessing their populations, surveys of ungulate sign encounters are widely used because of their practicality. However, these yield unreliable results because of their failure to address the problem of imperfect detection. Here, we present an innovative application to address this key weakness in traditional ungulate sign surveys. We describe the ecological process of ungulate sign deposition as well as the observation process of sign detection in our modelling. We simulate 183 ecological and sampling‐related parameter values to first evaluate model performance. Simulation results demonstrate that we can achieve good estimates of animal density when the radius of the animal daily movement range is accounted for during survey design. We design and conduct a field survey of ungulate signs to estimate ungulate densities using both occupancy and distance sampling approaches. For five species of ungulates, the densities estimated from our sign survey (number of ungulate clusters km−2) were 1.46(0.68) chitalAxis axis, 1.42(0.67) sambarRusa unicolor, 1.01(0.44) gaurBos gaurus, 0.74(0.39) wild pigSus scrofaand 1.42(1.59) muntjacMuntiacus muntjak, and were similar to those generated from line transect sampling 2.16(0.76) chital, 2.47(0.56) sambar, 0.94(0.3) gaur, 1.09(0.37) wild pig and 4.03(0.83) muntjac), except for muntjac. The potential utility of this approach extends beyond sign surveys of forest ungulates to a wider range of animal monitoring contexts, including those based on scent‐station surveys and camera trap surveys of elusive mammals.
Medial frontal negativity reflects learning from positive feedback
Authors: Van Der Helden Jurjen , Boksem Maarten A.S. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe ability to learn from the consequences of our actions is crucial for adaptive goal‐directed behavior. We learn to avoid actions that lead to unfavorable outcomes and pursue actions that lead to desirable results. By recording event‐related potentials (ERPs), we show that neural reinforcement learning signals associated with positive outcomes are predictive of subsequent learning of a sequence of motor actions: Positive feedback to a response that was later correctly repeated was associated with a larger Medial Frontal Negativity (MFN) compared to when it was not correctly repeated on a subsequent encounter. This finding adds to recent evidence suggesting that the function of the Anterior Cingulate Cortex is to establish associations between actions and their outcomes, both positive and negative.
Increasing impact in a time of decreasing budgets
Authors: Sutton Anthea 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis virtual issue (VI) has been compiled to mark the CILIP Health Libraries Group Conference 2012. In line with the conference theme: ‘Health libraries under the microscope: perfecting your formula’, the VI is a collection of 10 articles and regular features that have been published in Health Information and Libraries Journal in the last 2 years. The VI focuses specifically on the topics of impact, value and cost‐effectiveness. All the articles and regular features contained in this VI are freely available online.
P‐glycoprotein trafficking at the blood–brain barrier altered by peripheral inflammatory hyperalgesia
Authors: McCaffrey Gwen , Staatz William D. , Sanchez‐Covarrubias Lucy , Finch Jessica D. , DeMarco Kristen , Laracuente Mei‐Li , Ronaldson Patrick T. , Davis Thomas P. 
Published: June 2012

J. Neurochem. (2012) 122, 962–975.AbstractP‐glycoprotein (ABCB1/MDR1, EC 3.6.3.44), the major efflux transporter at the blood–brain barrier (BBB), is a formidable obstacle to CNS pharmacotherapy. Understanding the mechanism(s) for increased P‐glycoprotein activity at the BBB during peripheral inflammatory pain is critical in the development of novel strategies to overcome the significant decreases in CNS analgesic drug delivery. In this study, we employed the λ‐carrageenan pain model (using female Sprague–Dawley rats), combined with confocal microscopy and subcellular fractionation of cerebral microvessels, to determine if increased P‐glycoprotein function, following the onset of peripheral inflammatory pain, is associated with a change in P‐glycoprotein trafficking which leads to pain‐induced effects on analgesic drug delivery. Injection of λ‐carrageenan into the rat hind paw induced a localized, inflammatory pain (hyperalgesia) and simultaneously, at the BBB, a rapid change in colocalization of P‐glycoprotein with caveolin‐1, a key scaffolding/trafficking protein. Subcellular fractionation of isolated cerebral microvessels revealed that the bulk of P‐glycoprotein constitutively traffics to membrane domains containing high molecular weight, disulfide‐bonded P‐glycoprotein‐containing structures that cofractionate with membrane domains enriched with monomeric and high molecular weight, disulfide‐bonded, caveolin‐1‐containing structures. Peripheral inflammatory pain promoted a dynamic redistribution between membrane domains of P‐glycoprotein and caveolin‐1. Disassembly of high molecular weight P‐glycoprotein‐containing structures within microvascular endothelial luminal membrane domains was accompanied by an increase in ATPase activity, suggesting a potential for functionally active P‐glycoprotein. These results are the first observation that peripheral inflammatory pain leads to specific structural changes in P‐glycoprotein responsible for controlling analgesic drug delivery to the CNS.
Potential methods for estimating nitrogen fertilizer value of organic residues
Authors: DELIN S. , STENBERG B. , NYBERG A. , BROHEDE L. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractNew organic fertilizers based on waste products are continually being introduced in agriculture. Their nitrogen (N) fertilizer value of their total N and mineral N content varies widely, creating a demand for standardized laboratory methods. This study evaluated some potential methods for estimating the N fertilizer value of different kinds of organic fertilizers. The methods were evaluated against the N fertilizer value obtained from a ryegrass pot experiment. Fifteen fertilizers were tested, including different kinds of manure, powders from meat, bone, blood and feathers, rapeseed cake, lucerne pellets, sewage sludge, biogas residue, vinasse and mussel compost. Mineral fertilizer equivalents (MFE) were calculated as the fraction of total N (MFE) or organic N (MFEorg) out of total N that has the same availability to plants as inorganic N. Mineral N content (% of total N added with organic residue) after 4 weeks of incubation of soil was correlated to MFE (r2 = 0.78), but was on average 17% lower. Warm water‐extractable N, amino acid N and crude fibre analysis all proved to be unsatisfactory as methods for estimating MFE or MFEorg. However, the carbon/nitrogen ratio accurately reflected short‐term plant‐available N through a negative linear relationship (r2 = 0.83) and would thus be a very useful method for estimating MFE, with MFE decreasing by 5% per unit increase in C/N ratio. The results also indicated that the analysis of near infrared reflectance (NIR) spectra can be an even quicker and cheaper method to estimate MFE of organic residues, but this issue requires further research.
Effect of Influenza on Functional Decline
Authors: Gozalo Pedro L. , Pop‐Vicas Aurora , Feng Zhanlian , Gravenstein Stefan , Mor Vincent 
Published: June 2012

ObjectivesTo examine the relationship between influenza and activity of daily living (ADL) decline and other clinical indicators in nursing home (NH) residents.DesignRetrospective NH‐aggregated longitudinal study.SettingTwo thousand three hundred fifty‐one NHs in 122 U.S. cities from 1999 to 2005.ParticipantsLong‐stay (>90 days) NH residents.MeasurementsQuarterly city‐level influenza mortality and state‐level influenza severity. Quarterly incidence of Minimum Data Set–derived ADL decline (≥4 points), weight loss, new or worsening pressure ulcers (PUs), and infections. Outcome variables chosen as clinical controls were antipsychotic use, restraint use, and persistent pain.ResultsCity‐level influenza mortality and state‐level influenza severity were associated with higher rates of large (≥4 points) ADL decline (mortality β = 0.20, P < .001; severity β = 0.18, P < .001), weight loss (β = 0.19, P < .001; β = 0.24, P < .001), worsening PUs (β = 0.04, P = .08; β = 0.12, P < .001), and infections (β = 0.41, P < .001; β = 0.47, P < .001) but not with restraint use, antipsychotic use, or persistent pain. NH influenza vaccination rates were weakly associated with the outcomes (e.g., β = −0.009, P = .03 for ADL decline, β = 0.008, P = .07 for infections). Compared with the summer quarter of lowest influenza activity, the results for the other quarters translate to an additional 12,284 NH residents experiencing large ADL decline annually, 15,168 experiencing significant weight loss, 6,284 new or worsening PUs, and 29,753 experiencing infections due to influenza.ConclusionThe results suggest a substantial and potentially costly effect of influenza on NH residents. The effect of influenza vaccination on preventing further ADL decline and other clinical outcomes in NH residents should be studied further.
Dental Laboratory Communication Regarding Removable Dental Prosthesis Design in the UAE
Authors: Haj‐Ali Reem , Al Quran Firas , Adel Omar 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPurpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the methods dental practitioners in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) use to communicate cast removable dental prosthesis (RDP) design to dental laboratories; identify common practices taken by dentists/dental technicians prior to fabrication of RDP framework; and seek out dental technicians’ attitudes toward their role in RDP design decisions.Materials and Methods: All dental laboratories (n = 28) listed in a local telephone directory were invited to complete a questionnaire through a face‐to‐face interview. They were also requested to examine RDP cases fabricated in the past 2 months and identify steps taken by dentists/dental technicians prior to fabrication of the framework. Descriptive statistics were used to report frequencies and percentages.Results: Twenty‐one (75%) dental laboratories agreed to participate, out of which 19 had the facilities to fabricate chrome‐cobalt RDPs. Cast RDPs comprised approximately 4.04% (±2.67) of services provided. A reported 84.2% of dentists frequently communicate through generic lab script, with 89.5% rarely/never giving details regarding RDP design. While 52.6% of labs agree/strongly agree that it is the dentist's responsibility to decide the final RDP design, 94.7% agree/strongly agree that dentists should depend on dental technicians for design‐making decisions. A total of 19 RDP cases were reviewed. All 19 were surveyed and designed by dental technicians but received dentist approval of design prior to fabrication. Thirteen (68.4%) had rest‐seat preparations done by dentists after approval, and new impressions sent to the lab. No other tooth modifications were noted.Conclusion: The responsibility of RDP design appeared to be largely delegated to dental technicians. Importance of tooth modifications seemed to be undervalued and not completed prior to framework fabrication.
Conventional and Modified Veneered Zirconia vs. Metalloceramic: Fatigue and Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Silva Nelson R.F.A. , Bonfante Estevam , Rafferty Brian T. , Zavanelli Ricardo A. , Martins Leandro L. , Rekow, DDS, PhD E. Dianne , Thompson Van P. , Coehlo Paulo G. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPurpose: The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that all‐ceramic crown core‐veneer system reliability is improved by modifying the core design and as a result is comparable in reliability to metal‐ceramic retainers (MCR). Finite element analysis (FEA) was performed to verify maximum principal stress distribution in the systems.Materials and Methods: A first lower molar full crown preparation was modeled by reducing the height of proximal walls by 1.5 mm and occlusal surface by 2.0 mm. The CAD‐based preparation was replicated and positioned in a dental articulator for specimen fabrication. Conventional (0.5 mm uniform thickness) and modified (2.5 mm height, 1 mm thickness at the lingual extending to proximals) zirconia (Y‐TZP) core designs were produced with 1.5 mm veneer porcelain. MCR controls were fabricated following conventional design. All crowns were resin cemented to 30‐day aged composite dies, aged 14 days in water and either single‐loaded to failure or step‐stress fatigue tested. The loads were positioned either on the mesiobuccal or mesiolingual cusp (n = 21 for each ceramic system and cusp). Probability Weibull and use level probability curves were calculated. Crack evolution was followed, and postmortem specimens were analyzed and compared to clinical failures.Results: Compared to conventional and MCRs, increased levels of stress were observed in the core region for the modified Y‐TZP core design. The reliability was higher in the Y‐TZP‐lingual‐modified group at 100,000 cycles and 200 N, but not significantly different from the MCR‐mesiolingual group. The MCR‐distobuccal group showed the highest reliability. Fracture modes for Y‐TZP groups were veneer chipping not exposing the core for the conventional design groups, and exposing the veneer‐core interface for the modified group. MCR fractures were mostly chipping combined with metal coping exposure.Conclusions: FEA showed higher levels of stress for both Y‐TZP core designs and veneer layers compared to MCR. Core design modification resulted in fatigue reliability response of Y‐TZP comparable to MCR at 100,000 cycles and 200 N. Fracture modes observed matched with clinical scenarios.
Deep and Superficial Masseter Muscle Blood Flow in Women
Authors: Curtis Donald A. , Gansky Stuart A. , Plesh Octavia 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPurpose: Although changes in blood perfusion have been described as being associated with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) myofascial pain, very little is known about blood flow levels in the deep and superficial masseter muscle. This study investigated blood flow in deep and superficial sites of six healthy female particpants at baseline and during intermittent and continuous biting exercises and recovery.Materials and Methods: Blood flow was monitored unilaterally using a single‐fiber probe laser Doppler flowmeter. The blood flow was continuously monitored at baseline and during two biting exercises: (a) intermittent at 25%, 50%, and 100% maximum voluntary bite force for 30 seconds each followed by 90 seconds rest between each biting level and (b) continuous biting at similar maximum voluntary bite force levels followed by 90 seconds rest.Results: There was significantly higher blood flow in the deep sites compared to the superficial sites (p < 0.001) and a significant increase in blood flow during biting compared to baseline (p < 0.001). There were no significant changes in blood flow among the three levels of biting, between the intermittent and continuous exercises, or from baseline blood flow compared to recovery.Conclusions: This study showed regional differences in masseter muscle blood flow, perhaps related to differences in muscle fiber type and pattern of muscle fiber recruitment.
A New Surgical Template with a Handpiece Positioner for Use During Flapless Placement of Four Dental Implants to Retain a Mandibular Overdenture
Authors: ELsyad Moustafa Abdou 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis article describes the fabrication of a new and inexpensive surgical template from a radiographic template for flapless placement of dental implants to retain a mandibular overdenture. A radiographic template with radiopaque metal plate markers is constructed and used as a guide for achieving three‐dimensional evaluation of bone using computed tomography (CT). The potential position and angulation of the implants are measured relative to the metal plates using the CT data. The radiographic template is converted into a surgical template by attaching rigid metal rods that guide the handpiece precisely during subsequent drilling procedures.
Abutment Design for Implant‐Supported Indirect Composite Molar Crowns: Reliability and Fractography
Authors: Bonfante Estevam Augusto , Suzuki Marcelo , Lubelski William , Thompson Van P. , de Carvalho Ricardo Marins , Witek Lukasz , Coelho Paulo G. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPurpose: To investigate the reliability of titanium abutments veneered with indirect composites for implant‐supported crowns and the possibility to trace back the fracture origin by qualitative fractographic analysis.Materials and Methods: Large base (LB) (6.4‐mm diameter base, with a 4‐mm high cone in the center for composite retention), small base (SB‐4) (5.2‐mm base, 4‐mm high cone), and small base with cone shortened to 2 mm (SB‐2) Ti abutments were used. Each abutment received incremental layers of indirect resin composite until completing the anatomy of a maxillary molar crown. Step‐stress accelerated‐life fatigue testing (n = 18 each) was performed in water. Weibull curves with use stress of 200 N for 50,000 and 100,000 cycles were calculated. Probability Weibull plots examined the differences between groups. Specimens were inspected in light‐polarized and scanning electron microscopes for fractographic analysis.Results: Use level probability Weibull plots showed Beta values of 0.27 for LB, 0.32 for SB‐4, and 0.26 for SB‐2, indicating that failures were not influenced by fatigue and damage accumulation. The data replotted as Weibull distribution showed no significant difference in the characteristic strengths between LB (794 N) and SB‐4 abutments (836 N), which were both significantly higher than SB‐2 (601 N). Failure mode was cohesive within the composite for all groups. Fractographic markings showed that failures initiated at the indentation area and propagated toward the margins of cohesively failed composite.Conclusions: Reliability was not influenced by abutment design. Qualitative fractographic analysis of the failed indirect composite was feasible.