bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Porphyrins are not present in feline ocular tissues or corneal sequestra
Authors: Newkirk Kim M. , Hendrix Diane V. H. , Keller Rachel L. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjective To determine if feline lacrimal glands, glands of the third eyelid, corneas, and corneal sequestra contain porphyrins, which could be responsible for the brown/amber discoloration of corneal sequestra and tears in affected cats.Procedures Samples of grossly normal cornea, lacrimal gland, gland of the third eyelid, and sequestra obtained via keratectomy were collected. Porphyrin concentrations of the homogenate were determined by spectrofluorometry with protoporphyrin IX and coproporphyrin III dihydrochloride used as standards. A hamster harderian gland was used as a positive control.Results Normal tissues were harvested from one eye each of 14 nonclient owned, adult, mixed‐breed, short‐hair cats euthanized for reasons not associated with this study. Eighteen sequestra were acquired from cats undergoing unilateral lamellar keratectomies. Breeds of the affected cats included eight Himalayan, five domestic shorthair, and one each of four other breeds. Only the positive control and standards contained levels of porphyrins above background. All feline samples examined were histologically normal with no evidence of porphyrins.Conclusions Porphyrins are absent in normal feline lacrimal glands, corneas, and corneal sequestra. Porphyrins do not appear to be the cause of the brown/amber color of feline corneal sequestra.
Intracranial meningioma causing partial amaurosis in a cat
Authors: Goulle Frédéric , Meige Frédéric , Durieux Franck , Malet Christophe , Toulza Olivier , Isard Pierre‐François , Peiffer Robert L. , Dulaurent Thomas 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjective To describe a case of intracranial meningioma causing visual impairment in a cat, successfully treated by surgery.Procedures An adult neutered male domestic cat was referred with a 10‐month history of progressive visual impairment and altered behavior. Investigations included physical, ophthalmologic and neurological examinations as well as hematology, serum biochemistry and CT scan of the head.Results The menace response was absent in the left eye and decreased in the right eye. Electroretinograms were normal on both eyes, as was ophthalmic examination, ruling out an ocular cause and allowing a presumptive diagnosis of partial amaurosis due to a post‐retinal lesion. CT scan demonstrated a large sessile extra axial mass along the right parietal bone and thickening of the adjacent bone. Cerebrospinal fluid was not collected because high intracranial pressure represented a risk for brain herniation. A right rostrotentorial craniectomy was performed to remove the tumor. Ten days after surgery, vision was improved, neurological examination was normal and normal behavior was restored. Ten months after surgery, ophthalmological examination showed no visual deficit and CT scan did not reveal any sign of recurrence.Conclusion Advanced imaging techniques allow veterinarians to detect early cerebral diseases and to provide specific treatment when it is possible. In cases of feline amaurosis due to intracranial meningioma, the vital prognosis is good while the visual prognosis is more uncertain, but recovery of normal vision and normal behavior is possible as demonstrated in the present case.
Successful treatment of distichiasis in a cat using transconjunctival electrocautery
Authors: Reinstein Shelby L. , Gross Stephen L. , Komáromy András M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA 2‐year‐old male castrated Domestic Short‐haired cat presented to the Ophthalmology Service at the Matthew J. Ryan Veterinary Hospital at the University of Pennsylvania for evaluation of chronic bilateral ocular discharge and blepharospasm. Initial ophthalmic examination revealed severe conjunctivitis and keratitis and the presence of upper eyelid distichiae bilaterally. Initial therapy for suspected feline herpesviral infection provided moderate, but not complete, resolution of the clinical signs. Over the subsequent year, the cat suffered from recurrent, severe, ulcerative keratitis in both eyes despite appropriate medical therapy. Approximately 13 months after the initial presentation, the distichiae were surgically removed using transconjunctival electrocautery, which resulted in complete resolution of the clinical signs. This report documents bilateral distichiasis in a cat, a condition that is considered rare in this species.
Distances to on‐ and off‐premise alcohol outlets and experiences of alcohol‐related amenity problems
Authors: WILKINSON CLAIRE , LIVINGSTON MICHAEL 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIntroduction and Aims. There are a number of studies in recent years that have examined the relationship of alcohol outlets to the incidence of alcohol‐related problems. Only a small number of these studies examine the types of alcohol‐related problems which may be considered amenity problems, such as neighbourhood disturbance, litter and noise. This paper examines the association between the proximity of someone's home to alcohol outlets and their experience of public amenity problems.Design and Methods. Data came from an Australian general population survey: the Alcohol's Harm to Others Survey (2008). Two thousand six hundred and forty‐nine Australians aged 18 years and over were asked about their experiences of a number of amenity‐type problems and the distance they lived to the nearest on‐ and off‐premise alcohol outlet.Results. Bivariate results showed that respondents living closer to on‐ and off‐premise outlets reported more problems, with minor differences by distance to on‐ and off‐premise outlet. In multivariate logistic regression analyses, controlling for possible confounding effects of the respondent and neighbourhood characteristics, living closer to on‐premise outlets was independently associated with reporting being kept awake or disturbed at night and living closer to an off‐premise outlet was independently associated with reporting property damage.Discussion and Conclusions. A possible interpretation of the results is that respondents living close to on‐ and off‐premise outlets experience more amenity problems than those living further away, but that these experiences are concentrated among demographic groups who live in these areas. Direction of influence cannot be inferred from these cross‐sectional findings.[Wilkinson C, Livingston M. Distances to on‐ and off‐premise alcohol outlets and experiences of alcohol‐related amenity problems. Drug Alcohol Rev 2012;31:394–401]
Baseline assessment of community knowledge and attitudes toward drug use and harm reduction in Kabul, Afghanistan
Authors: STANEKZAI MOHAMMAD RAZA , TODD CATHERINE S. , ORR MARK G. , BAYAN SHAIRSHAH , RASULI MOHAMMAD ZAFAR , WARDAK SAIFUR‐REHMAN , STRATHDEE STEFFANIE A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIntroduction and Aims. Problem drug use has been identified as a significant public health problem in Afghanistan. The study aim was to assess community knowledge and attitude toward drug use and harm reduction in Kabul, Afghanistan.Design and Methods. A cross‐sectional convenience sample of community representatives of 10 possible professions were recruited, distributed between the 17 Kabul city districts in 2007. A questionnaire measured sociodemographic characteristics and awareness, knowledge, and attitudes toward drug use and harm reduction. Logistic regression and cluster analysis were performed to test for associations with participant attitude.Results. Of 210 participants, mean age was 36.7 years. Most (98.6%) were Afghan and employed (87.6%). Most (88.6%) were aware of problem drug use in Afghanistan, primarily attributed to unemployment. The majority of participants agreed that addiction is a disease (88.6%) and believed more and better treatment and vocational training facilities were needed (90.5%). Use of only punitive measures in response to drug use was favoured by few (7.1%) participants. Only 33.3% of participants could correctly identify legal consequences of drug use.Discussion and Conclusions. Community acknowledgement of problem drug use and support for addiction treatment are present in Kabul, Afghanistan. However, knowledge gaps concerning drug laws and harm reduction should be addressed in efforts to introduce culturally appropriate harm reduction programming.[Stanekzai MR, Todd CS, Orr MG, Bayan S, Rasuli MZ, Wardak S‐R, Strathdee SA. Baseline assessment of community knowledge and attitudes toward drug use and harm reduction in Kabul, Afghanistan. Drug Alcohol Rev 2012;31:451–460]
Permit Trading: Merely an Efficiency‐Neutral Redistribution away from Climate‐Change Victims?*
Authors: Godal Odd , Holtsmark Bjart 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we present a climate‐policy game with international emissions trading, where governments first select their amounts of emissions permits. These permits are transferred to firms, and then traded competitively on an international market. Compared with a game without trading, we find that the potential efficiency gains from permit trading, which have been identified in other studies, are totally undone if governments also employ a tax or subsidy on domestic emissions. The only effect of permit trading in this case is a redistribution of income away from those most affected by climate change.
Events, Politics and Patterns of Policy‐Making: Impact of Major Incidents on Health Sector Regulatory Reforms in the UK and Japan
Authors: Kodate Naonori 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis article examines the major malpractice incidents in the late 1990s through early 2000s in the UK and Japan, comparing how these incidents opened up pathways for a new type of hospital regulation in each case. Applying John Kingdon's three‐stream model of agenda‐setting and policy change, the article argues that governance arrangements as well as the policy instruments that a government has at its disposal determine how an event could be translated into a political agenda by throwing light on the problems within the public domain. The long‐term effect of such adverse events is therefore determined by how open the relevant institutional arrangements are, and is enhanced if actors constantly scrutinize the system by proactively setting the agenda. A higher level of political accountability in the UK led to British politicians taking a greater role in promoting patient‐led reforms than Japanese counterparts. However, a political system with clear accountability is more conscious of its own involvement and any potential blame it might receive for policy failures. Therefore, the political class could become more engaged in continuous reforms and the delegation of tasks rather than a constant search for remedial actions. The article sheds light on the interactive aspects of the particular triggering events discussed through the decade of regulatory developments in the two health‐care systems.
Childhood attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder as an extreme of a continuous trait: a quantitative genetic study of 8,500 twin pairs
Authors: Larsson Henrik , Anckarsater Henrik , Råstam Maria , Chang Zheng , Lichtenstein Paul 
Published: September 2011

Background:  Although the clinical utility of categorically defined attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is well established, there is also strong evidence supporting the notion of ADHD as an extreme of a continuous trait. Nevertheless, the question of whether the etiology is the same for different levels of DSM–IV ADHD symptoms remains to be investigated. The aim of this study was to assess genetic links between the extreme and the subthreshold range of ADHD symptoms.Method:  Parents of all Swedish 9‐ and 12‐year‐old twins born between 1992 and 2000 were interviewed for DSM–IV ADHD symptoms and associated conditions. Two validated cutoff values were used for screening and assigning research diagnoses. Response rate was 80%. Twin methods were applied to investigate the extent to which ADHD is etiologically distinct from subthreshold variations in ADHD symptoms.Results:  Extremes analyses indicated a strong genetic link between the extreme and the subthreshold variation, with almost identical group heritability estimates around .60 for the diagnostic (prevalence 1.78%) and screening (prevalence 9.75%) criteria of ADHD.Conclusion:  A strong genetic link between the extreme and the subthreshold variation of DSM–IV based assessments of ADHD symptoms was found. The data suggest that ADHD is best viewed as the quantitative extreme of genetic and environmental factors operating dimensionally throughout the distribution of ADHD symptoms, indicating that the same etiologic factors are involved in the full range of symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity.
Ethanol‐induced increase in Fyn kinase activity in the dorsomedial striatum is associated with subcellular redistribution of protein tyrosine phosphatase α
Authors: Gibb Stuart L. , Hamida Sami Ben , Lanfranco Maria Fe , Ron Dorit 
Published: September 2011

J. Neurochem. (2011) 119, 879–889.AbstractIn vivo exposure of rodents to ethanol leads to a long‐lasting increase in Fyn kinase activity in the dorsomedial striatum (DMS). In this study, we set out to identify a molecular mechanism that contributes to the enhancement of Fyn activity in response to ethanol in the DMS. Protein tyrosine phosphatase α (PTPα) positively regulates the activity of Fyn, and we found that repeated systemic administration or binge drinking of ethanol results in an increase in the synaptic localization of PTPα in the DMS, the same site where Fyn resides. We also demonstrate that binge drinking of ethanol leads to an increase in Fyn activity and to the co‐localization of Fyn and PTPα in lipid rafts in the DMS. Finally, we show that the level of tyrosine phosphorylated (and thus active) PTPα in the synaptic fractions is increased in response to contingent or non‐contingent exposure of rats to ethanol. Together, our results suggest that the redistribution of PTPα in the DMS into compartments where Fyn resides is a potential mechanism by which the activity of the kinase is increased upon ethanol exposure. Such neuroadaptations could be part of a mechanism that leads to the development of excessive ethanol consumption.
Unity and Difference: A Critical Appraisal of Polarizing Gender Identities
Authors: Adair Stephanie 
Published: September 2011

In The Phenomenology of Spirit, Hegel draws out the interdependency of unity and difference. In order to have a unity, there must be differences that compose it, as a unity unifies different elements. At the same time, in unifying these elements, they must not cease to be different from one another, as that would reduce the unity to a simple singularity.In this paper, I take up this interdependency of unity and difference, applying it to gender identities. I follow the psychoanalytically oriented exchange between Judith Butler and Adam Phillips, in which they agree that gender identities are a farce, superimposed upon ungendered subjects, but disagree about the extent to which this artificial binary should be disassembled. Picking up their conversation at this point, I investigate how binary systems of identity can be both injurious and useful. Should they be cast off or does it make sense to keep them? Following this vein of thought, I end with a discussion of good and bad hate, arguing that there is an inescapable need for psychologically productive hate neutralized through empathy.
The Sensory Field and Repeatability of the Cutaneous Trunci Muscle Reflex of the Dog
Authors: Muguet‐Chanoit Audrey C. , Olby Natasha J. , Babb Kellett M. , Lim Ji‐Hey , Gallagher Ryan , Niman Zachary , Dillard Stacy , Campbell James 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveTo describe the cutaneous trunci muscle (CTM) reflex in dogs.Study DesignProspective descriptive study.AnimalsNormal dogs (n = 155) and 10 dogs with thoracolumbar myelopathies.MethodsThe CTM reflex caudal border was assessed from the ilial crests moving cranially until a CTM contraction was elicited. The lateral borders were evaluated at 4 levels and the distance from the midline to the lateral border was expressed as a percentage of the trunk hemicircumference. The caudal border was assessed in 10 dogs with myelopathies by 4 different observers and by 1 observer on 3 occasions; the inter‐ and intraobserver kappa coefficient was calculated.ResultsThe CTM reflex was elicited in all dogs. Its caudal border was at L5 or L6 in 153 dogs and at L1 and L3 in 2 dogs. The lateral field of the reflex occupied >50% of the hemicircumference of the trunk at each level tested. The mean difference in measurement of the reflex caudal border was 0.55 cm between observers and 0.28 cm for the same observer. The inter‐ and intraobserver kappa coefficient was 0.67 and 0.87, respectively.ConclusionsThe CTM reflex is elicited caudal to L5 in most normal dogs, and the lateral sensory field extends to 50% or more of the circumference of the trunk. Inter‐ and intraobserver differences in assessment of the caudal border are low.
Prospective Comparison of Cisterna Chyli Ablation to Pericardectomy for Treatment of Spontaneously Occurring Idiopathic Chylothorax in the Dog
Authors: McAnulty Jonathan F. 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveProspective comparison of cisterna chyli ablation (CCA) or pericardectomy (PC) for chylothorax.Study DesignRandomized prospective study.Subject PopulationDogs with idiopathic chylothorax (n= 23).MethodsDogs were treated by thoracic duct ligation (TDL) with eitherCCA(n= 12) orPC(n= 11). Long‐term outcomes, intraoperative central venous pressures (CVPs) and pericardial histology were assessed. Dogs with persistent chylothorax were offered retreatment by the alternative procedure.ResultsTen (83%) dogs treated byCCA‐TDLand 6 (60%) treated byPC‐TDLresolved their chylothorax. Retreatment in 4 dogs resulted in resolution in 2 dogs and 2 perioperative deaths. Four dogs developed nonchylous effusions; 2 of which resolved after initiating steroid therapy, 1 of which was unsuccessfully treated byPC, and 1 continues to be managed by thoracocentesis 6.5 years later.CVPs were normal in most dogs and unaffected byPC. On histology, pericardial tissues had extensive external surface fibrosis with mild inflammation. On follow‐up (≤6.5 years), no recurrence of pleural effusions occurred after initial resolution.ConclusionsCCA‐TDLappears to offer improved outcomes over historical results withTDL. Results withPC‐TDLwere more variable for unknown reasons. Venous pressure measurements did not support the hypothesis that venous hypertension was involved in chylothorax or response to therapy in these dogs.
Improved Oxidation Resistance of Zirconium Carbide at 1500°C by Lanthanum Hexaboride Additions
Authors: Zhao Liyou , Jia Dechang , Duan Xiaoming , Yang Zhihua , Zhou Yu 
Published: September 2011

Addition of LaB6 is adopted to improve the oxidation resistance of ZrC at 1500°C. Mixed powder of ZrC‐25 vol% LaB6 is reactively hot pressed at 1900°C for 30 min under vacuum with an applied pressure of 25 MPa. The LaB6 reacts with ZrC to form ZrB2 and a layered La‐containing phase. ZrB2 improves the oxidation resistance of ZrC in static air. The La‐containing phase is beneficial to increasing the relative density of oxide scale during oxidation and in enhancing the oxide scale stability during exposure to thermal cycles.
Sintering Effect on Microstructure and Properties of (K,Na)NbO3 Ceramics
Authors: Zhang Shujun , Lee Hyeong Jae , Ma Cheng , Tan Xiaoli 
Published: September 2011

(K,Na)NbO3 (KNN) lead‐free ceramics were fabricated using conventional solid‐state reaction method. The domain configurations were studied with transmission electron microscopy and found to be closely related to the sintering temperature and cooling rate. High density ceramics with uniform compositions were obtained when sintered at 1200°C with a slow cooling rate, resulting in the improved piezoelectric properties, with d33 on the order of 150–160 pC/N, which is comparable to the hot pressed KNN ceramics. The microstructures of the ceramics synthesized at various conditions were explained in terms of the solid‐solution characteristics of KNN system, based on the high temperature phase diagram. The relationship of processing parameter–microstructure–property established herein will lead to further improvements in the piezoelectric properties of KNN lead‐free materials.
Temperature Dependence of the Piezoelectric Coefficient in BiMeO3‐PbTiO3 (Me = Fe, Sc, (Mg1/2Ti1/2)) Ceramics
Authors: Leist Thorsten , Chen Jun , Jo Wook , Aulbach Emil , Suffner Jens , Rödel Jürgen 
Published: September 2011

The piezoelectric coefficient of high temperature piezoelectric ceramics, denoted as Bi(Me)O3‐PbTiO3, (Me = Fe, Sc, (Mg1/2Ti1/2)) was investigated as a function of temperature by using a custom‐designed test frame. Utilizing laser vibrometry, it was possible to assess the piezoelectric coefficient in situ in the range from room temperature to 500°C. The constraints on the sample geometry as they exist in the commonly used resonance/antiresonance technique such as those encountered during poling were circumvented by the use of the converse piezoelectric effect. Comparison with literature data revealed that the current method is a useful alternative for determining the depolarization temperature (Td), defined as the inflection point in a temperature‐dependent d33 plot. Measured Td for each poled specimen was compared with that determined by dielectric permittivity as well as temperature‐dependent X‐ray diffraction data to understand a possible origin of Td. It was also shown that Td matches with the temperature where the dielectric anomaly initiates, and hence Td from the d33 measurement is consistently lower than that from the dielectric permittivity measurement. It is proposed that this discrepancy in the position of Td is due to the fact that the depolarization occurs in two steps.
Association of P1635 and P1655 polymorphisms in dysbindin (DTNBP1) gene with schizophrenia
Authors: Alizadeh Fatemeh , Tabatabaiefar Mohammad Amin , Ghadiri Mohammad , Yekaninejad Mir Saeed , Jalilian Nazanin , Noori-Daloii Mohammad Reza 
Published: September 2011

Objectives: Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a severe psychiatric disorder with a lifetime prevalence of approximately 1% in most of the populations studied. SCZ is multifactorial with the contribution of multiple susceptibility genes that could act in conjunction with epigenetic processes and environmental factors. There is some evidence supporting the association between genetic variants in dysbindin (DTNBP1) gene and SCZ in populations. In this study, we investigated the association between polymorphisms P1635 and P1655 in dysbindin gene with SCZ.Methods: Totally, 115 unrelated patients with SCZ and 117 unrelated healthy volunteers were studied. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood. Genotyping was done with the PCR-RFLP method. The allele and genotype associations were analysed with X2 test. The Benjamini-Hochberg procedure was used to correct p values for multiple comparisons.Results: The results showed no significant difference between patients and controls in allelic frequencies or genotypic distributions of SNP P1635 (p = 0.809), but a significant difference between the case and control groups for SNP P1655 (p = 0.009) was found. We could also find a significant positive association between A-C haplotype and SCZ (OR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.18–2.42; p = 0.004, pc = 0.02) and a protective effect for A-G haplotype (p = 0.003, OR = 0.57, 95% CI 1.18–2.42; p = 0.003, pc = 0.02).Conclusion: This study may provide further support for the association between SNP polymorphisms in DTNBP1 and SCZ in the Iranian population. Studies with more markers and subjects for various populations will be necessary to understand the genetic contribution of the gene to the development of SCZ.