bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated speech and phonological awareness intervention for pre‐school children with Down syndrome
Authors: van Bysterveldt Anne Katherine , Gillon Gail , Foster‐Cohen Susan 
Published: February 2010

Background: Children with Down syndrome experience difficulty with both spoken and written language acquisition, however controlled intervention studies to improve these difficulties are rare and have typically focused on improving one language domain.Aims: To investigate the effectiveness of an integrated intervention approach on the speech, letter knowledge, and phonological awareness development of ten pre‐school children with Down syndrome aged between 4;4 and 5;5.Methods & Procedures: A multiple single‐subject design was used to evaluate treatment effectiveness. Baseline and intervention measures for speech and pre‐ and post‐intervention measures for letter knowledge and phonological awareness were compared. The intervention comprised three components: a parent‐implemented home programme; centre‐based speech–language therapy sessions, and ‘Learning through Computer’ sessions with a total intervention time of 20 hours over 18 weeks. Letter knowledge and phonological awareness activities were linked to each child's speech targets.Outcomes & Results: Results indicated significant treatment effects on speech measures for all ten participants. Six of the ten participants showed increases on letter knowledge and nine showed increased awareness of initial phonemes in words but responses were not above binomial chance level (that is, 70% correct) for phonological awareness tasks. Individual results are presented and implications for parents and therapists are discussed.Conclusions and Implications: The findings of this study suggest an intervention approach that integrates speech, letter knowledge, and phonological awareness targets is effective in remediating speech error patterns at the single‐word level in young children with Down syndrome. Phonological awareness and letter knowledge appeared to be stimulated through the intervention, but significant improvement above chance levels on untrained phonological awareness tasks was not evident. Follow‐up investigation is necessary to determine longer‐term outcomes.
A Clinical Study of Chondral-Separated Types of Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus
Authors: Monden Satoshi , Hasegawa Atsushi , Takagishi Kenji 
Published: February 2010

Background: The progress of diagnostic imaging technology, including CTs, MRIs, and ankle arthroscopy has encouraged more detailed descriptions of osteochondral lesions of the talus. These lesions can vary from chondral fragments separated from the subchondral bone with or without bone sclerosis or cysts in the subchondral layers. Isolated lesions of the cartilage, defined as chondral-separated types, as opposed to the osteochondral-separated types which were osteochondral fragments, were retrospectively evaluated in this study. Materials and Methods: Seventy-three osteochondral lesions of the talus in 69 patients were treated. There were 29 chondral-separated types in 29 patients confirmed by examining CT, MRI, and arthroscopic findings. Results: The average age at onset of the chondral-separated type was 30.7 years. CT findings (29 ankles) showed sclerosis in seven ankles, micropores in nine, honeycombs in seven, and cysts in six. MRI T2-weighted image findings (28 ankles) showed micro to large pore high signals in the subchondral layers in 18 ankles, low to high mixed signals with poor margins in six, and high signals on the articular surfaces in four. Arthroscopic findings (29 ankles) showed softening of the articular cartilage in two ankles, fissures in 16, bulging and fissures in six, and detachment of the articular cartilage in five. Conclusion: The onset of these lesions occurred in adults after bone maturity with involvement of the chondral and subchondral layers. Each layer seemed to have experienced different degenerative and reparative processes. Level of Evidence: III, Retrospective Case Series
Curettage of Aneurysmal Bone Cysts of the Feet
Authors: Chowdhry Majid , Chandrasekar C. R. , Mohammed R. , Grimer R. J. 
Published: February 2010

Background: Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABC) mainly occur in the long bones but only rarely in the bones of the feet. This study reviews the 25-year experience of a tertiary orthopaedic oncology referral center treating ABC's in the bones of the feet, using prospectively collected data to document their incidence, treatment and the outcome. Materials and Methods: Information on the diagnosis, treatment, complications and outcomes were collected for all eligible patients from our prospectively collected database. Radiologic healing was used as our primary outcome measure. Cases were considered to have failed treatment if there was progression of the lesion that needed further treatment. Results: Of 273 patients with ABC, 16 patients (5.9%) were found to have their lesions in the foot. There were ten female and six male patients, aged from 4 to 52 (mean, 18.2) years. The metatarsals were the most commonly affected site (44%). Curettage of the lesion without additional adjuvant measures (14 of 16 patients) was sufficient for the treatment in 11 of 14 patients (79%). This gave a recurrence rate of 21% (three of 14 patients) in those treated by curettage alone and 19% (three of 16 patients) if the whole cohort is considered. Conclusion: Although relatively rare, there is no reason to assume that ABCs of the feet will respond to treatment or recur any differently from ABCs that occur elsewhere in the body. Our experience has been that surgical curettage alone is sufficient to treat most ABCs of the feet. Level of Evidence: IV, Case Series
Glacier inventory of the upper Huasco valley, Norte Chico, Chile: glacier characteristics, glacier change and comparison with central Chile
Authors: Nicholson Lindsey , Marín Jorge , Lopez David , Rabatel Antoine , Bown Francisca , Rivera Andrés 
Published: February 2010

AbstractResults of a new glacier inventory of the upper Huasco valley, which lies within the arid Norte Chico zone of the Chilean Andes, are presented for 2004. Despite the high altitude, the glaciation in this region is limited in extent and is not classical mountain glaciation, which poses difficulties in completing standard inventory attribute tables. Small cornice-style ridgeline features constitute a large number of the non-transient ice bodies identified, and glaciers with surface areas <0.1 km2 comprise 18% of the glacierized area and 3% of the water resource stored as glacier ice within the Huasco valley. Rock glaciers are an important component of the cryosphere, comprising 12% of the total water volume stored in glacial features. Changes in glacier area over the last ~50 years are in line with those for glaciers in central Chile despite the contrasting climate conditions. Projections of glacier area change based on glacier hypsometry and zero isotherm shifts predicted using the PRECIS regional model temperature change for IPCC scenario B2 conditions suggest that the survival of 65% of glacier area and 77% of active rock-glacier area will be threatened under forecast conditions for the end of the 21st century.
Remote sensing of glacier change in West Greenland: accounting for the occurrence of surge-type glaciers
Authors: Citterio Michele , Paul Frank , Ahlstrøm Andreas P. , Jepsen Hans F. , Weidick Anker 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAutomated glacier mapping from thresholded band ratios of multispectral satellite data is a well-established technique to update glacier inventories over large and remote regions. The local glaciers and ice caps on Greenland are of particular interest for such efforts, as they have been only partly mapped, mainly during the 1940s–60s, and their potential contribution to global sea-level rise could be large. Here we use three Landsat ETM+ scenes from 2001 covering Disko Island (Qeqertarsuaq) and the Nuussuaq and Svartenhuk peninsulas, West Greenland, to map the glacier extent in 2001 of 1172 entities. We also manually digitize Little Ice Age (LIA) extents from clearly visible trimlines for a subsample of 500 entities. In this region with numerous surge-type glaciers, the related area-change calculation is challenging and we consider different samples with and without known surging glaciers. For the three regions the mean area changes are –28%, –20% and –23%, respectively, when known surge-type glaciers are excluded. The glaciers on smaller islands and peninsulas closer to the margin of the ice sheet show a lower mean area change of –15%. Moreover, lower (–16%) and upper (–21%) bounds are calculated for the overall area changes in the entire region between the LIA and 2001 using different upscaling assumptions. Cumulative length changes since the LIA are found to be slightly lower for surge-type glaciers.
Assessment of glacier water resources based on the Glacier Inventory of China
Authors: Ersi Kang , Chaohai Liu , Zichu Xie , Xin Li , Yongping Shen 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAccording to the division into subareas of water-resource distribution in China, and based on the Glacier Inventory of China (GIC), China’s total glacier water storage is 5040.2 x 109m3, 33.0% of which is distributed in the southwest drainage basins and 64.1% in the northwest inland drainage basins, forming enormous solid reservoirs with plentiful freshwater storage. Glacier change in China is estimated for the periods from the Little Ice Age (LIA) maximum to about 1960 and from 1960 to 1995. The relative glacierized area loss is 23% and 8.9% respectively for maritime glaciers and 15% and 4.9% respectively for continental glaciers. The normal annual glacier meltwater runoff is estimated at 60 465 x 106m3 by the climate parameter temperature-index method, 38.7% of which is distributed in the northwest inland drainage basins, and at 61 574 x 106m3 by the glacier system temperature-index method, 41.5% of which is distributed in the northwest inland drainage basins. Simulation of glacier meltwater runoff under the temperature change ratio of 0.03 K a–1 by the glacier system model in west China between 1980 and 2000 indicates that the total glacier meltwater runoff increment is 10.8% overall, 14.3% in the inland drainage basins of northwest China and 9.0% in the outflow drainage basins of southwest China.
Completing the World Glacier Inventory
Authors: Ohmura Atsumu 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAn inventory of the surface area and volume of the world’s glaciers, outside Greenland and Antarctica, was part of the International Hydrological Decade (1965–74). It was considered essential to an understanding of the role played by glaciers in the hydrological cycle and was to be repeated every 50 years to detect change. To date, 46% of the estimated total glacier area has been inventoried and made available through the World Glacier Monitoring Service and the US National Snow and Ice Data Center. As the original inventory method was too time-consuming and inapplicable for some areas, a simplified method was developed in the early 1980s using satellite images. The Global Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS) project now covers 34% of the estimated glacierized area outside Greenland and Antarctica. Both inventory efforts have made good progress and contributed substantially to our knowledge of glaciology and its related sciences, but global coverage is still incomplete. If both inventories are combined, 46% of the world’s glacierized area is still missing; 26% is covered by both methods, which allows the quality of the satellite-based and semi-automatic inventories to be assessed by comparison. About 95 000 glaciers remain to be inventoried, of which about half are in the Canadian Cordillera, South America and the Canadian Arctic Islands. As the cryosphere is changing rapidly, it is of the utmost importance to complete the global glacier inventory as soon as possible, and identify an appropriate repeat cycle.
Glaciers, glacial lakes and glacial lake outburst floods in the Mount Everest region, Nepal
Authors: Bajracharya Samjwal Ratna , Mool Pradeep 
Published: February 2010

AbstractRecent climate changes have had a significant impact on the high-mountain glacial environment. Rapid melting of glaciers has resulted in the formation and expansion of moraine-dammed lakes, creating a potential danger from glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs). Most lakes have formed during the second half of the 20th century. Glaciers in the Mount Everest (Sagamartha) region, Nepal, are retreating at an average rate of 10–59 ma–1. From 1976 to 2000, Lumding and Imja Glaciers retreated 42 and 34 ma–1, respectively, a rate that increased to 74 ma–1 for both glaciers from 2000 to 2007. During the past decade, Himalayan glaciers have generally been shrinking and retreating faster while moraine-dammed lakes have been proliferating. Although the number of lakes above 3500 m a.s.l. has decreased, the overall area of moraine-dammed lakes is increasing. Understanding the behaviour of glaciers and glacial lakes is a vital aspect of GLOF disaster management.
A glacier inventory for South Tyrol, Italy, based on airborne laser-scanner data
Authors: Knoll Christoph , Kerschner Hanns 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA new approach to glacier inventory, based on airborne laser-scanner data, has been applied to South Tyrol, Italy: it yields highly accurate results with a minimum of human supervision. Earlier inventories, from 1983 and 1997, are used to compare changes in area, volume and equilibrium-line altitude. A reduction of 32% was observed in glacier area from 1983 to 2006. Volume change, derived from the 1997 and 2006 digital elevation models, was –1.037 km3, and an ELA rise of 54 m, to almost 3000 m a.s.l., was calculated for this period. Losses vary widely for individual glaciers, but have accelerated for all South Tyrolean glaciers since the first inventory in 1983.
A new glacier inventory on southern Baffin Island, Canada, from ASTER data: II. Data analysis, glacier change and applications
Authors: Paul Frank , Svoboda Felix 
Published: February 2010

AbstractDespite its large area covered by glaciers and ice caps, detailed glacier inventory data are not yet available for most parts of Baffin Island, Canada. Automated classification of satellite data could help to overcome the data gaps. Along-track stereo sensors allow the derivation of a digital elevation model (DEM) and glacier outlines from the same point in time, and are particularly useful for this task. While part I of this study describes the remote-sensing methods, in part II we present an analysis of the derived glacier inventory data for 662 glaciers and an application to glacier volume and volume-change calculations. Among other things, the analysis reveals a mean glacier elevation of 990 m, with a weak dependence on aspect and a close agreement of the arithmetic mean with the statistical mean elevation as derived from the DEM. A strong scatter of mean slope is observed for glaciers <1 km2, and the derived glacier thickness differs by a factor of two for glaciers of the same size. For the period from about 1920 to 2000 the relative area change is –12.5% (264 glaciers), with a strong dependence on glacier size. Mean mass loss as derived from volume changes is about –0.15 mw.e. a–1.
De l'usage de la notion d'identité en géographie. Réflexions à partir d'exemples sud-africains // The notion of identity in geography, a reflection through South African exemples
Authors: Gervais-Lambony Philippe 
Published: February 2010

L'article s'attache à démontrer pourquoi la notion d'identité est nécessaire à la
géographie à travers quelques exemples pris en Afrique du Sud, essentiellement dans le domaine urbain. Cette démonstration se déroule en trois temps. Premièrement la manière dont les acteurs politiques manipulent les identités pour tenter de produire des territoires est décrite. L'exemple utilisé est celui des townships dans les villes de l'apartheid. Deuxièmement est ébauchée une analyse de la façon dont les identités individuelles se construisent dans une complexité qui va au-delà de la production politique de territoires identitaires. Troisièmement c'est l'identité des lieux qui est examinée, à travers le cas de Johannesburg. Il s'agit de montrer finalement comment les identités des lieux et de ceux qui les habitent convergent dans la référence au passé.
De la périphérie vers le centre : l'évolution de l'espace francophone du Nouveau-Brunswick au Canada
Authors: Cao Huhua , Chouinard Omer , Dehoorne Olivier 
Published: February 2010

Les questions linguistiques font partie intégrante de la vie des Canadiens, plus particulièrement de celle des francophones en situation minoritaire. Or, l'urbanisation en cours depuis plusieurs décennies n considérablement modifié l'espace de la francophonie: dans la plupart des cas, les francophones, traditionnellement installés en milieu rural, ont perdu leur emprise sur
leurs communautés d'origine n In suite de leur dispersion nu profit des centres urbains anglophones. Au Nouveau-Brunswick seule province officiellement bilingue du Canada les communautés francophones résistent
au processus d'assimilation linguistique et démontrent une appropriation du territoire particulière. Conséquence d'un processus d'urbanisation remarquable engagé depuis les minées 1960, le phénomène du déplacement de francophones du milieu rural («In périphérie») vers l'espace urbain («le centre») a profondément marqué l'espace francophone néo-brunswickois. Ainsi, quoique la plupart des francophones demeurent concentrés au nord de In province (un autre niveau de «la périphérie»), ils se dirigent en nombre croissant vers le centre urbain de Moncton («le centre»). Ces deux modes de regroupement de In minorité francophone sont cruciaux puisqu'ils déterminent bien souvent In reconnaissance qui leur est accordée, ainsi que la possibilité de recevoir l'appui nécessaire à la fondation d'institutions. Cette réalité fait l'objet d'une série d'analyses spatio-temporelles à
l'aide des Systèmes d'information géographique (SIC) qui portent sur
l'évolution de la population francophone au cours des quatre dernières décennies. Les résultats de celle étude permettent de présenter un polirait
global de l'évolution de cette population dans l'espace francophone et
d'ouvrir une réflexion sur les enjeux qui découlent de ces transformations.
Les ressources du département et du canton dans la "petite fabrique des territoires"
Authors: Tesson Frédéric 
Published: February 2010

«La petite fabrique des territoires» (M. Va nier, 1995) à l'échelle locale est un
processus qui se généralise dans un contexte législatif très favorable. De nouveaux territoires (EPCI, Pays), construits de toutes pièces, viennent se
surimposer à ceux déjà existants et leurs acteurs s'appliquent à les construire en légitimité. Dans ce contexte, alors qu'on se questionne sur la nécessité de maintenir les découpages plus anciens (canton et département notamment), il est intéressant de regarder de plus près les ressources dont
ces territoires disposent pour garantir leur pérennité. Alors que P. A. Landel (2004) se demande si nous assistons à la fin des fiefs, nous cherchons à
montrer ici que ces territoires hérités résistent, portés par l'idéologie territoriale dominante. À partir d'études réalisées dans le grand Sud-Ouest, nous montions comment le département et le canton continuent de se
construire en territoire en se servant des entités supposées les faire disparaître. En cherchant à cumuler les mandats de conseiller général et de président d'EPCI, sur des structures à périmètres quasi identiques, l'élu local se donne les moyens d'agir sur son territoire d'élection et, au final, de construire ses deux territoires de référence: EPCI-canton et département. Véritables prophéties atitoréalisatrices (Merton, 1997 11953]), ces discours marquent, selon nous, la prégnance de l'idéologie territoriale et la difficulté pour l'élu local de penser son rapport à l'espace selon d'autres modalités.
Pas rien / Pas aucun en français classique : variation dialectale et historique
Authors: Martineau France , Deprez Viviane 
Published: February 2010

France Martineau & Viviane Déprez : Pas rien/Pas aucun en français classique : variation dialectale et historique
We examine the relation between ne... pas rien and ne... pas aucun in I7th and I 8th centuries French negative contexts, in Standard French but also in vernacular French. We make the hypothesis that the source of negative concord with pas + Neg Word is not linked to the deletion of ne and the weakening of pas but is rather triggered by changes which affected the value of the negative word itself. We argue that, as in forclusive contexts, the Neg word is analyzed as an polarity item in the context ne... pas rien/aucun. This polarity reading in that context disappears during Classical Standard French with the fixation of the two-terms negation (ne... N-word) and the reanalysis of rien as an negative adverb. However.the polarity item reading has been maintained in vernacular French for rien and aucun, more particularly in contexts where the polarity item is modified.
Négation et coordination en français classique : le morphème ni dans tous ses états
Authors: Badiou-Monferran Claire 
Published: February 2010

Claire Badiou-Nonferran : Négation et coordination en français classique : le morphème ni dans tous ses états
In classical French, conjunctive ni, which can be equally written ni ou ny (but no more ne), is no more — as it was in medieval French — a "conjunction of virtually" appearing in "not entirely affirmative contexts" (like affirmative interrogative clauses, or affirmative comparative clauses of superiority, in particular). Ni is not yet — as it is in contemporary French — a "negative forclusive conjunction" exclusively linked to ne. It works as an argumentative connector, organizing into a hierarchy of increasing relevance the connected sequences when it appears as a single ni, and giving this connected sequences as argumentatively equivalents when it appears as ni... ni (polysyndetic conjunction).
Effacement énonciatif et co-construction de l'opinion dans les forums du journal Le Monde
Authors: Juan Manuel Lopez Munoz 
Published: February 2010

Juan Manuel López Muñoz: Enunciative effacement and co-construction of the opinion in the forums of Le Monde web site.
This article approaches the question of the enunciative effacement in reported speech linked to the issue of the co-construction of the opinion through the slant of the others' speeches, without producing an unanimous collective opinion. This co-construction is apprehended by means of the scientific paradigms of Pragmatics and analysed in its enunicative, interactional and argumentative dimensions. His hypothesis is that ЕЕ lies on the basis of meta-pragmatic knowledge and that it is because of this that it acquires its power of argumentation. Juan Manuel López Muñoz focuses on the importance of the argumentative strategies of counter-argumentation, in the case of extraction linked to the superenunciation; and of justification, in the case when the speaker makes use of an undetermined point of view, linked to a dominating coenunciation.
Les coordinations relèvent-elles de la syntaxe X-barre ?
Authors: D. Borsley Robert 
Published: February 2010

Robert D, Borsley: Coordination and X-bar Syntax.
It is widely accepted within Principles and Parameters theory that coordinate structures are Conjunction Phrases, in which the first term is the specifier, the conjunction the head, and the second
term the complement. They differ from typical specifier-head-complement structures in various ways. so at most they could be exceptional instances of such structures. A consideration of the distribution
of coordinate structures, the number of conjuncts (or terms), the nature of conjuncts (or terms), and
the basic structure of coordinate structures suggests that there are no significant similarilies between
coordinate structures and specifier-head-complement structures and a consideration of certain
unbalanced coordinate structures points to the same conclusion. It seems, then, that the Conjunction Phrase analysis is untenable.