bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fatigue testing strategies for the X65 steel catenary riser with small‐scale specimens considering the effect of welding residual stress
Authors: Zhang Niantao , Deng Caiyan , Liang Hang , Gong Baoming , Liu Yong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTo accurately evaluate the fatigue performance of a full‐scale deep‐water steel catenary riser (SCR) using small‐size specimens, six fatigue testing strategies were explored, considering the effect of welding residual stress. Through a comparison with the full‐scale resonant bending fatigue testing results, the most equivalent strategy using small‐scale specimens was identified. The results indicate that the test strategies applying constant stress underestimated the fatigue life, compared with that of a full‐scale specimen; meanwhile, fatigue life values obtained from the low‐stress ratio testing strategy were higher, particularly in the low‐stress range region. Comparatively, the fatigue lives obtained for the 100 mm‐wide specimens without cutting were higher in the high‐stress range region. The variable‐applied mean stress strategy using the 25 mm‐wide welded joint specimen was the most suitable for equivalence with the full‐scale fatigue testing, with only a 9.7% difference in the fatigue life testing results. The difference between the applied mean stress and the actual transverse welding residual stress under various fatigue testing strategies is the key factor affecting the equivalence of the fatigue testing results.
A Decision Aid for Patients Considering Surgery for Sciatica: Codesign and User‐Testing With Patients and Clinicians
Authors: Ayre Julie , Kumarage Richie , Jenkins Hazel , McCaffery Kirsten J. , Maher Christopher G. , Hancock Mark J. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundSurgery can help patients with leg pain caused by sciatica recover faster, but by 12 months outcomes are similar to nonsurgical management. For many the decision to have surgery may require reflection, and patient decision aids are an evidence‐based clinical tool that can help guide patients through this decision.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to develop and refine a decision aid for patients with sciatica who are deciding whether to have surgery or ‘wait and see’ (i.e., try nonsurgical management first).DesignSemistructured interviews with think‐aloud user‐testing protocol.ParticipantsTwenty clinicians and 20 patients with lived experience of low back pain or sciatica.Outcome MeasuresItems from Technology Acceptance Model, Preparation for Decision Making Scale and Decision Quality Instrument for Herniated Disc 2.0 (knowledge instrument).MethodsThe prototype integrated relevant research with working group perspectives, decision aid standards and health literacy guidelines. The research team refined the prototype through seven rounds of user‐testing, which involved discussing user‐testing feedback and implementing changes before progressing to the next round.ResultsAs a result of working group feedback, the decision aid was divided into sections: before, during and after a visit to the surgeon. Across all rounds of user‐testing, clinicians rated the resource 5.9/7 (SD = 1.0) for perceived usefulness, and 6.0/7 for perceived ease of use (SD = 0.8). Patients reported the decision aid was easy to understand, on average correctly answering 3.4/5 knowledge questions (SD = 1.2) about surgery for sciatica. The grade reading score for the website was 9.0. Patients scored highly on preparation for decision‐making (4.4/5, SD = 0.7), suggesting strong potential to empower patients. Interview feedback showed that patients and clinicians felt the decision aid would encourage question‐asking and help patients reflect on personal values.ConclusionsClinicians found the decision aid acceptable, patients found it was easy to understand and both groups felt it would empower patients to actively engage in their care and come to an informed decision that aligned with personal values. Input from the working group and user‐testing was crucial for ensuring that the decision aid met patient and clinician needs.Patient or Public ContributionPatients and clinicians contributed to prototype development via the working group.
Detection of GRM1 gene rearrangements in chondromyxoid fibroma: a comparison of fluorescence in‐situ hybridisation, RNA sequencing and immunohistochemical analysis
Authors: Torrence Dianne , Dermawan Josephine K , Zhang Yanming , Vanderbilt Chad , Hwang Sinchun , Mullaney Kerry , Jungbluth Achim , Rao Mamta , Gao Kate , Sukhadia Purvil , Linos Konstantinos , Agaram Narasimhan , Hameed Meera 
Published: June 2024

AimsChondromyxoid fibroma (CMF) is a rare, benign bone tumour which arises primarily in young adults and is occasionally diagnostically challenging. Glutamate metabotropic receptor 1 (GRM1) gene encodes a metabotropic glutamate receptor and was recently shown to be up‐regulated in chondromyxoid fibroma through gene fusion and promoter swapping. The aim of this study was to interrogate cases of CMF for the presence of GRM1 gene rearrangements, gene fusions and GRM1 protein overexpression.Methods and resultsSelected cases were subjected to testing by fluorescent in‐situ hybridisation (FISH) with a GRM1 break‐apart probe, a targeted RNA sequencing method and immunohistochemical study with an antibody to GRM1 protein. Two cases were subjected to whole transcriptomic sequencing. In 13 of 13 cases, GRM1 protein overexpression was detected by immunohistochemistry using the GRM1 antibody. Of the 12 cases successfully tested by FISH, nine of 12 showed GRM1 rearrangements by break‐apart probe assay. Targeted RNA sequencing analysis did not detect gene fusions in any of the eight cases tested, but there was an increase in GRM1 mRNA expression in all eight cases. Two cases subjected to whole transcriptomic sequencing (WTS) showed elevated GRM1 expression and no gene fusions.ConclusionGRM1 gene rearrangements can be detected using FISH break‐apart probes in approximately 75% of cases, and immunohistochemical detection of GRM1 protein over‐expression is a sensitive diagnostic method. The gene fusion was not detected by targeted RNA sequencing, due most probably to the complexity of fusion mechanism, and is not yet a reliable method for confirming a diagnosis of CMF in the clinical setting.
Efficacy and Safety of Ensitrelvir for Asymptomatic or Mild COVID‐19: An Exploratory Analysis of a Multicenter, Randomized, Phase 2b/3 Clinical Trial
Authors: Ohmagari Norio , Yotsuyanagi Hiroshi , Doi Yohei , Yamato Masaya , Imamura Takumi , Sakaguchi Hiroki , Yamanaka Hideki , Imaoka Ryosuke , Fukushi Akimasa , Ichihashi Genki , Sanaki Takao , Tsuge Yuko , Uehara Takeki , Mukae Hiroshi 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThis phase 2b/3, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial explored the efficacy and evaluated the safety of ensitrelvir. This trial involved individuals with asymptomatic infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and patients with mild symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19).MethodsThe trial was conducted at 57 medical institutions in Japan, South Korea, and Vietnam (study period: January 6–August 14, 2022). Eligible participants were randomized (1:1:1) to the ensitrelvir 125‐mg, ensitrelvir 250‐mg, or placebo group, received the allocated intervention orally, and were followed up until Day 28. Participants self‐rated the severity of 14 typical COVID‐19 symptoms and recorded the data in an electronic diary.ResultsIn total, 572 participants (194, 189, and 189 in the ensitrelvir 125‐mg, ensitrelvir 250‐mg, and placebo groups, respectively) were included in the intention‐to‐treat population. Ensitrelvir 125‐mg group observed a 77% reduction in the risk of developing any of the 14 COVID‐19 symptoms or fever and a 29% reduction in the risk of worsening of such symptoms or fever versus placebo (statistically nonsignificant). The viral RNA, viral titer, and time to infectious viral clearance observed a statistically significant decrease versus placebo. Most treatment‐related adverse events (TEAEs) were mild to moderate in severity, and the most common TEAE observed across groups was a decrease in high‐density lipoprotein.ConclusionsOur exploratory results suggest a potential reduction in the risk of development or worsening of COVID‐19 symptoms with ensitrelvir. Ensitrelvir showed antiviral efficacy and was well tolerated.Trial Registration: Japan Registry of Clinical Trials identifier: jRCT2031210350.
Decolonizing IT governance in international non‐governmental organisations: An Ubuntu approach
Authors: Zubler Marie‐E. , Plattfaut Ralf , Niehaves Björn 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIT has an enormous potential to democratise, equalise and decolonize development aid; however, the right IT governance is needed to actualize this potential. Such governance must align with the general efforts in development work to decolonize and eradicate adverse power imbalances. Power imbalances are at play when donors from the Global North finance and thereby set the development agenda for the Global South without concern for the actual needs. IT use in development aid is an important tool in decolonisation struggles, but corresponding structures also risk cementing problematic power distributions. As such, guidelines are needed on how to set up and decolonize IT governance structures. Using insights from a case study of a large international development aid NGO and building on the African emancipation philosophy Ubuntu, we propose five organising principles for a decolonized IT governance. These organising principles serve as guidelines to set up decolonized and emancipating IT governance structures and extend current IT governance theories.
Evaluating strategies to increase PET bottle recycling in the United States
Authors: Basuhi R. , Bhuwalka Karan , Roth Richard , Olivetti Elsa A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn the United States, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottle collection rates have not increased in a decade. Recycling rates remain abysmal while industry commitments and policy targets escalate the demand for recycled plastics. We investigate the PET bottle recycling system, where collection is a critical bottleneck and recycled PET supply is not meeting the expected demand. We characterize demand for recycled PET (R‐PET), analyze scenarios of expanding deposit return systems (DRS), and quantify cost barriers to improving PET bottle recycling. We find that a nation‐wide DRS can increase PET bottle recycling rates from 24% to 82%, supplying approximately 2700 kt of recycled PET annually. With stability in demand, we estimate that this PET bottle recycling system can achieve 65% bottle‐to‐bottle circularity, at a net cost of 360 USD/tonne of PET recycled. We also discuss environmental impacts, stakeholder implications, producer responsibility, and complimentary policies toward an efficient and effective recycling system.
Embed systemic equity throughout industrial ecology applications: How to address machine learning unfairness and bias
Authors: Bozeman Joe F. , Hollauer Catharina , Ramshankar Arjun Thangaraj , Nakkasunchi Shalini , Jambeck Jenna , Hicks Andrea , Bilec Melissa , McCauley Darren , Heidrich Oliver 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRecent calls have been made for equity tools and frameworks to be integrated throughout the research and design life cycle —from conception to implementation—with an emphasis on reducing inequity in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) applications. Simply stating that equity should be integrated throughout, however, leaves much to be desired as industrial ecology (IE) researchers, practitioners, and decision‐makers attempt to employ equitable practices. In this forum piece, we use a critical review approach to explain how socioecological inequities emerge in ML applications across their life cycle stages by leveraging the food system. We exemplify the use of a comprehensive questionnaire to delineate unfair ML bias across data bias, algorithmic bias, and selection and deployment bias categories. Finally, we provide consolidated guidance and tailored strategies to help address AI/ML unfair bias and inequity in IE applications. Specifically, the guidance and tools help to address sensitivity, reliability, and uncertainty challenges. There is also discussion on how bias and inequity in AI/ML affect other IE research and design domains, besides the food system—such as living labs and circularity. We conclude with an explanation of the future directions IE should take to address unfair bias and inequity in AI/ML. Last, we call for systemic equity to be embedded throughout IE applications to fundamentally understand domain‐specific socioecological inequities, identify potential unfairness in ML, and select mitigation strategies in a manner that translates across different research domains.
Using dynamic life cycle assessment to evaluate the effects of industry digitalization: A steel case study
Authors: Astudillo Miguel F. , Krämer Kai , Arteaga Asier 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDecarbonization of steelmaking has stagnated while it has a considerable share of global greenhouse gas emissions and a growing demand. Digitalization is seen as a viable option to reduce emissions and costs of the sector in the near term and life cycle assessment (LCA) as a comprehensive framework to evaluate changes in production practices. In this study, we analyze the potential impact of using optimization algorithms to improve the operation of a steelmaking plant in Spain. Specifically, we study the potential effects of optimizing the sequence in which steel is produced to minimize losses during casting. The global warming (GW) impacts and economic costs are quantified using a dynamic LCA model, considering uncertainty and temporal variability using an open‐source LCA framework. The results indicate, on average, modest savings in costs and are inconclusive regarding GW emissions. Most of the cost savings come from a reduction in the use of additives and electricity, which are wasted when the steel is scrapped during casting. The methodological framework has proven useful in quantifying and interpreting the potential effects of digitalization. The implemented solution, tested in an industrial setting, allows an automated evaluation of production at the plant using the LCA model, facilitating the use of sustainability criteria in decision‐making.
Hair transplantation versus scalp micropigmentation: A retrospective study of treatment selection in persons with female pattern hair loss
Authors: Park Jae Hyun , Kim Narae , You Seung Hyun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundHair transplant (HT) is the standard treatment for female pattern hair loss (FPHL), but scalp micropigmentation (SMP) is an alternative. Currently, there are no criteria to help choose between HT and SMP.MethodsForty female patients with FPHL who had successfully undergone HT and SMP, were reviewed to identify factors that might help decide between treatments. Hair density (HD) and hair caliber were measured at the part line and mid‐occipital region by a Folliscope. The sensitivity and specificity of HT and SMP were determined by area under the curve (AUC) and receiver operating characteristic curve.ResultsPatients were divided into HT (n = 23) and SMP (n = 17) groups. The follicular unit density (FUD) (HT: 62.06 ± 4.8551/cm2; SMP: 66.59 ± 3.4971/cm2) and HD (HT: 96.16 ± 16.6954/cm2; SMP: 116.08 ± 17.0520/cm2) were significantly different (p < 0.01) between groups. The AUC for FUD was 77.6% with a cutoff value of 66.83 and 87.0% (1–0.412) sensitivity. The AUC for HD was 82.4% with a cutoff value of 96.17 and 69.6% (1–0.118) sensitivity.ConclusionsHD was the most important factor when deciding between HT surgery and SMP. SMP is recommended when the HD is ≥104.6 hairs/cm2 and HT surgery is strongly recommended when the HD is ≤96.17 hairs/cm2.
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma metastasizing to the oral cavity: A diagnostic challenge of a case revealing an unusual clinical presentation
Authors: Franzoi Gabriely , Rabelo Gustavo Davi , Smiderle Fabiane , Lisboa Mariah Luz , Vieira Daniella Serafin Couto , Meurer Maria Inês , Grando Liliane Janete 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveDiagnosing lesions with unusual clinical presentation can be challenging, mostly for cases in which the inclusion of oral metastasis in the differential diagnosis is necessary.Materials and MethodsA 55‐year‐old man complaining of a large mass in the oral cavity was referred to the Hospital Dentistry Service. The patient reported bleeding episodes and pain, with a 5‐month evolution. Intraoral examination revealed a 5 cm tumour with purplish‐red and ulcerated focal areas at the right buccal mucosa. Differential diagnosis included malignant mesenchymal tumours, lymphoproliferative lesions, and metastasis of an occult primary lesion. Two biopsies were conducted, with the first one presenting an intense haemorrhage, and the second performed under general anaesthesia and difficult bleeding control.ResultsHistologic and immunohistochemical analysis diagnosed a clear cell carcinoma infiltration. A whole‐body CT scan reveals a renal tumour with multiple metastasis sites in the abdomen and bones. Metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma was finally confirmed, and the patient was followed with palliative care for 4 months.ConclusionA challenging diagnosis of a rare metastatic lesion in the oral cavity was conducted after two procedures under difficult bleeding conditions.
The museology of peace: How accessible, collection‐led, peace history contributes to cultures of peace
Authors: Barrett Clive 
Published: June 2024

AbstractYamane and Anzai (2020) identify over 300 “museums for peace” worldwide, including large national tourist attractions, Sites of Conscience with their “dark tourism,” and small independent institutions celebrating civil society and war resistance. A subset of these, “peace museums,” focus on peace and peace movement history. The Peace Museum, Bradford, UK, uses a collection of 16,000 peace artifacts to encourage casual tourists to access past peace activism and to adopt that mantle themselves.
Made and created in China: the role of processing trade
Authors: Chen Zhiyuan , Erbahar Aksel , Zi Yuan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper examines the main participants of China's processing trade regime – firms that engage in both processing and ordinary exports. By matching several datasets from China, including a unique sample of transaction‐level customs data with firms' branding information, we uncover three stylized facts. First, these “mixed” firms exhibit superior performance in various margins such as revenue and physical productivity. Second, even within firms, there is a link between export mode choice and brand ownership – own‐branded products are typically exported under ordinary trade while products under other firms' brands are exported under processing trade. Third, there is a price premium associated with selling one's own‐branded products. To rationalize these findings, we present a simple theoretical framework where firms with multi‐attributes (i.e., “making” and “creating”) endogenously determine their specialization within a production network. We find evidence for the model's main prediction that firms in China intensified their branding activities when faced with favorable processing trade policies upstream.
Measuring Sleep Among Cancer Survivors: Accelerometer Measures Across Days and Agreement Between Accelerometer and Self-Reported Measures
Authors: Donzella Sidney M. , Sikorski Alla , Lind Kimberly E. , Skiba Meghan B. , Thomson Cynthia A. , Crane Tracy E. 
Published: June 2024

Background: The associations between subjective (self-reported) and objective (actigraphy) sleep measurements are not well documented among survivors of cancer. The purpose of this study was to examine actigraphy measurements across days and the associations of two self-reported sleep measures with actigraphy-measured sleep measures. Methods: Sleep data were collected using self-reported sleep diary, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and hip-worn actigraphy at baseline for a subsample participating in the Lifestyle Intervention for oVarian cancer Enhanced Survival (N = 516) randomized controlled trial. Intraclass correlation coefficients were used to evaluate consistency of actigraphy sleep measures across days of wear and associations of sleep diary with actigraphy for total sleep time (TST), time asleep, and time awake. Bland–Altman plots were used to assess the associations of sleep duration and sleep efficiency derived from Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and actigraphy. Results: Participants were aged 60.3 years (SD 9.3 years). For TST, the associations were strongest after 3 weekdays of consecutive actigraphy wear (ICC = .43 95% CI [.35, .51]), and actigraphy-measured daily TST was longest (617, SD 135 min) compared with self-reported measures. Sleep diary versus actigraphy associations for TST, time asleep, and time awake were weak to moderate. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index versus actigraphy association was weak for all sleep constructs. Conclusion: The strength of association between self-reported and actigraphy measures of sleep ranged from weak to very strong, depending on the sleep construct. Impact: Results highlight the importance of selecting an appropriate measurement tool for estimating individual sleep constructs among survivors of cancer.
Inter-Brand, -Dynamic Range, and -Sampling Rate Comparability of Raw Accelerometer Data as Used in Physical Behavior Research
Authors: Lettink Annelinde , van Wieringen Wessel N. , Altenburg Teatske M. , Chinapaw Mai J.M. , van Hees Vincent T. 
Published: June 2024

Objective: Previous studies that looked at comparability of accelerometer data focused on epoch or recording level comparability. Our study aims to provide insight into the comparability at raw data level. Methods: We performed five experiments with accelerometers attached to a mechanical shaker machine applying movement along a single axis in the horizontal plane. In each experiment, a 1-min no-movement condition was followed by nineteen 2-min shaker frequency conditions (30–250 rpm). We analyzed accelerometer data from Axivity, ActiGraph, GENEActiv, MOX, and activPAL devices. Comparability between commonly used brands and dynamic ranges was assessed in the frequency domain with power spectra and in the time domain with maximum lagged cross-correlation analyses. The influence of sampling rate on magnitude of acceleration across brands was explored visually. All data were published open access. Results: Magnitude of noise in rest was highest in MOX and lowest in ActiGraph. The signal mean power spectral density was equal between brands at low shaker frequency conditions (<3.13 Hz) and between dynamic ranges within the Axivity brand at all shaker frequency conditions. In contrast, the cross-correlation coefficients between time series across brands and dynamic ranges were higher at higher shaking frequencies. Sampling rate affected the magnitude of acceleration most in Axivity and least in GENEActiv. Conclusions: The comparability of raw acceleration signals between brands and/or sampling rates depends on the type of movement. These findings aid a more fundamental understanding and anticipation of differences in behavior estimates between different implementations of raw accelerometry.