bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review of “Depression in the Elderly—Simulated Patient Small Group Activity”
Authors: Farrell Timothy W. 
Published: October 2011

This activity teaches knowledge and skills regarding the assessment and management of geriatric depression to second‐year medical students. Students actively participate in a standardized patient scenario with a “collateral source,” which the authors define as a relative, friend, neighbor, healthcare power of attorney, or healthcare provider of a cognitively impaired patient who can provide additional history that might be more accurate than that obtained from the patient. Students also discuss proposed physical examination items, formulate a management plan with assistance from a handout on geriatric depression and facilitation by a faculty member, and receive feedback from the standardized patient and a “collateral source.” This activity is designed to take c approximately 2 hours to administer to small groups of learners and emphasizes that depression often presents atypically in older adults.
Combined Intramedullary and External Skeletal Fixation of Metatarsal and Metacarpal Fractures in 12 Dogs and 19 Cats
Authors: Fitzpatrick Noel , Riordan Jerry O. , Smith Thomas J. , Modlinska Jola H. , Tucker Russell , Yeadon Russell 
Published: October 2011

ObjectiveTo report surgical technique, clinical experiences, and long‐term outcomes of combined intramedullary/external skeletal fixation of metatarsal (MT) and metacarpal (MC) fractures in dogs and cats.Study DesignCase series.AnimalsDogs (n = 12); 19 cats.MethodsClinical and radiographic records of animals managed by combined intramedullary/external fixation of MT/MC fractures were reviewed. Signalment, fracture configuration, complications, and subjective clinical findings were recorded. Surgical technique involved retrograde intramedullary pin placement into fractured MT/MC bones, and transverse pin placement in the base of the MT/MCs or tarsal/carpal bones. Contoured pin ends were enshrouded dorsally in epoxy resin and implants maintained until fracture union. Postoperative clinical and radiographic reassessment was performed where possible.ResultsSmall breed dogs (n = 12) and 19 cats were operated. Fixator removal occurred in < 10 weeks in all cases. Complications included synostosis (n = 2), pin tract discharge (7), excessive postoperative swelling (8), skin abrasions from the frame (2), and paw distortion associated with frame impingement (2). Long‐term radiography documented degenerative changes associated with MT‐phalangeal or MC‐phalangeal joints in 2 dogs; 7 cats, but changes were typically graded mild or moderate and affected only 1 or 2 joints.ConclusionsCombined intramedullary/external fixation of MT/MC fractures is viable, particularly juxta‐articular fractures. Pin penetration of MT‐phalangeal or MC‐phalangeal joints may cause morbidity and requires further study.
Quantification of Humeroulnar Incongruity inLabradorRetrievers with and without Medial Coronoid Disease
Authors: Proks Pavel , Necas Alois , Stehlik Ladislav , Srnec Robert , Griffon Dominique J. 
Published: October 2011

ObjectiveTo quantify humeroulnar incongruity on elbow radiographs inLabradorRetrievers with or without medial coronoid disease (MCD).Study DesignRetrospective study of 92 elbows.Sample PopulationRadiographic projections of elbow joints fromLabradorRetrievers with MCD (n= 42 elbows; 26 dogs) and withoutMCD(n= 50 elbows; 25 dogs).ProcedureThe congruity of the humeroulnar joint was measured using an index of subluxation (SI) for each elbow.SIwas defined as the distance between the centers of 2 circles drawn along the margins of theincisura trochlearisand the trochlea of humerus on mediolateral digital radiographic projections, normalized by the radius of the circle circumscribing the humeral trochlea.SIwas compared between right and left elbows with and without pathology using aWilcoxon test for paired data, and between normal and abnormal groups with aWilcoxon test for unpaired data. Mismatch between ulnar curvature and curvature of humeral trochlea and radioulnar incongruency were also noted (Wilcoxon test). The intraobserver repeatability, correlation betweenSIand radioulnar incongruency, and betweenSIand mismatch elbow curvature were estimated with aPearson's correlation coefficient.ResultsIntraobserver repeatability ofSImeasurement was high (r= 0.97). Mean ±SDhumeroulnar incongruity (SI) was greater in elbows withMCD(18.5 ± 6.6) than in the normal elbows (1.7 ± 2.0,P< 0.001). The difference between the diameters of the curvatures of the ulnar and humeral trochlea was greater in elbows withMCD(12.5 ± 4.4) than in the normal group (10.7 ± 4.1,P< 0.05). A moderate correlation was found between the degree of humeroulnar incongruity and a radioulnar step (r= 0.63); however, no correlation was identified betweenSIand the difference between the diameters of the curvatures of the ulnar and humeral trochleae (r= 0.14).ConclusionWe propose a radiographic index to measure humeroulnar incongruity on mediolateral digital radiographic projections. This index (SI) supports the presence of humeroulnar incongruity in Labrador Retrievers withMCD. Further evaluation of its reproducibility and clinical importance are warranted. Although there is a moderate correlation between humeroulnar incongruity and radioulnar incongruency, causation has not been established.
Incidence of Medial Meniscal Tears after Arthroscopic Assisted Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy
Authors: Kalff Stephen , Meachem Sarah , Preston Christopher 
Published: October 2011

ObjectiveTo determine the incidence of medial meniscal tears in dogs with naturally occurring cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) disease treated with arthroscopy and tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO).Study designRetrospective case series.Sample populationCanine Stifles (n = 357) with naturally occurring CCL disease.MethodsMedical records (November 2006–November 2009) were reviewed for all dogs with CCL disease treated with arthroscopic CCL debridement, meniscal probing, and TPLO. We investigated the significance of the preoperative variables; age, weight, tibial plateau angle (TPA), sex, and the preoperative condition of the CCL on the prevalence of concurrent meniscal tears (CMT) and incidence of late onset meniscal tears (LMT).ResultsPrevalence of CMT and incidence of LMT was 32.2% and 5.6%, respectively. A significant difference between age of dogs with and without CMT was identified. There was a significantly lower prevalence of CMT and incidence of LMT in dogs that had a partial CCL tear compared with those that had a complete CCL tear. All dogs with LMT treated by partial meniscectomy (PMM) returned to peak postoperative limb function after (PMM) based on client‐assessed outcomes.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the importance of LMT as a complication, the importance of comprehensive meniscal assessment, and may add to the evidence against routinely performing meniscal release in TPLO. The preoperative condition of the CCL should be considered before operating on grossly normal menisci.
Death and Near Death from Cardiac Arrest during the Boston Marathon
Authors: COHEN STAFFORD I. , ELLIS ETHAN R. 
Published: October 2011

The Boston Marathon has been run for 115 years during which there were three sudden cardiac arrests. The most recent was a near death avoided by rapid cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and defibrillation. Awareness of the dangers of participating in a marathon, the risk factors associated with sudden death during competition, and the life‐saving importance of rapid CPR and defibrillation are essential for participants and event organizers. Available records and reports of the three known cases of cardiac arrest during the Boston Marathon were examined. These cases were identified by representatives of the Boston Athletic Association, which has organized each marathon since its inception. Pertinent literature was reviewed and new information was obtained during interviews of witnesses and rescuers. The data were analyzed in search of shared risk factors for cardiac arrest, death, and the optimal requirements for survival.In 115 years, there were two cardiac deaths and one near death from cardiac arrest. A history of coronary artery disease, advanced age, and prolonged race time are risk factors for sudden cardiac arrest. Rapid application of CPR and defibrillation are essential for survival.Prevention or reduction of life‐threatening cardiac incidents during marathon races might be achieved if participants of advanced age or with a history of coronary artery disease seek medical clearance prior to entering an event. Those with coronary risk factors should have a discussion with their physician. Availability of trained personnel and defibrillators are important considerations in marathon planning. (PACE 2012; 35:241–244)
Online Recognition of Music Is Influenced by Relative and Absolute Pitch Information
Authors: Creel Sarah C. , Tumlin Melanie A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThree experiments explored online recognition in a nonspeech domain, using a novel experimental paradigm. Adults learned to associate abstract shapes with particular melodies, and at test they identified a played melody’s associated shape. To implicitly measure recognition, visual fixations to the associated shape versus a distractor shape were measured as the melody played. Degree of similarity between associated melodies was varied to assess what types of pitch information adults use in recognition. Fixation and error data suggest that adults naturally recognize music, like language, incrementally, computing matches to representations before melody offset, despite the fact that music, unlike language, provides no pressure to execute recognition rapidly. Further, adults use both absolute and relative pitch information in recognition. The implicit nature of the dependent measure should permit use with a range of populations to evaluate postulated developmental and evolutionary changes in pitch encoding.
Testing the central market hypothesis: a multivariate analysis of Tanzanian sorghum markets
Authors: Asche Frank , Gjølberg Ole , Guttormsen Atle G. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe central market hypothesis is important in the analysis of market integration because it implies a specific market structure while avoiding a simultaneity problem. However, despite its importance, the central market hypothesis is difficult to test and is therefore often assumed. This article shows that the hypothesis can be tested in a Johansen cointegration test provided that prices are nonstationary. This approach is applied to reveal the existence of central markets for sorghum in Tanzania. The results indicate that the Tanzanian sorghum market can be grouped into two market regions, with prices being determined in a central market in each region.
Porphyromonas gingivalis promotes monocyte migration by activating MMP‐9
Authors: Zhou J. , Zhang J. , Chao J. 
Published: October 2011

Zhou J, Zhang J, Chao J. Porphyromonas gingivalis promotes monocyte migration by activating MMP‐9. J Periodont Res 2012; 47: 236–242. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/SBackground and Objective:  The migration of monocytes into the local environment is crucial for their maturation into macrophages or osteoclasts in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. The objective of this study was to investigate the role and mechanisms mediated by Porphyromonas gingivalis in promoting the migration of monocytes by regulating MMP‐9 and TIMP‐1 expression.Material and Methods:  Human THP1 monocytes were treated with culture supernatant derived from P. gingivalis (ATCC 33277) for 24 h. Zymography, western blot analysis and quantitative PCRs were performed to analyse protein and mRNA levels of MMP‐9. Protein and mRNA levels of TIMP‐1 from monocytes treated with or without P. gingivalis were determined as well. Transwell migration assay was carried out to analyse the effect of P. gingivalis on the migration of human peripheral blood CD14‐positive monocytes. An MMP inhibitor (GM6001) and a proteinase inhibitor (leupeptin) were used to determine the role of MMP‐9 in P. gingivalis supernatant‐ and lipopolysaccharide‐induced monocyte migration.Results:  In zymography and western blot, an 82 kDa band of active MMP‐9 emerged in P. gingivalis‐treated monocyte culture media in a dose‐dependent manner, in addition to the MMP‐9 proenzyme (92 kDa) band expressed in control cell culture media. P. gingivalis supernatant increased both the protein and the mRNA levels of MMP‐9 and TIMP‐1. P. gingivalis supernatant, but not its lipopolysaccharide, increased the migratory ability of CD14‐positive monocytes. The increased migratory ability of P. gingivalis‐treated monocytes was partly inhibited by leupeptin (200 μg/mL) and completely antagonized by the MMP inhibitor GM6001 (100 nm). Lipopolysaccharide of P. gingivalis increased protein and mRNA levels of MMP‐9 in monocytes, but had no effect on the migratory ability or MMP‐9 activation.Conclusion:  P. gingivalis supernatant increased the migratory ability of monocytes, in part, by increasing activation and expression of MMP‐9.
Two‐Way Calf to Dam Major Histocompatibility Class I Compatibility Increases Risk for Retained Placenta in Cattle
Authors: Benedictus Lindert , Thomas Aaron J. , Jorritsma Ruurd , Davies Christopher J. , Koets Ad P. 
Published: October 2011

Citation  Benedictus L, Thomas AJ, Jorritsma R, Davies CJ, Koets AP. Two‐way calf to dam major histocompatibility class I compatibility increases risk for retained placenta in cattle. Am J Reprod Immunol 2012; 67: 224–230Problem  In cattle, retained placenta (RP) is suggested to arise from failure of immune‐mediated rejection of the fetal membranes by the maternal immune system and is associated with major histocompatibility (MHC) class I compatibility between calf and dam.Method of study  To study the association between RP and different MHC class I compatibilities between calf–dam–granddam combinations, massively parallel pyrosequencing was used to determine the MHC class I haplotypes of cows with and without RP.Results  Two‐way calf to dam MHC class I compatibility gave a high risk for RP. There was a tendency for a higher risk for RP with calf to dam MHC class I compatibility.Conclusions  We concluded that in two‐way compatible pregnancies, the maternal immune system fails to reject the fetal membranes, and the fetal immune system does not mount an immune response against maternal MHC class I antigens that could influence the immune‐mediated rejection of the fetal membranes by the maternal immune system. The lack of immune‐mediated rejection of the fetal membranes by the maternal immune system increases the risk of occurrence of RP.
Follicular Dynamic and Immunoreactions of the Vitrified Ovarian Graft After Host Treatment with Variable Regimens of Melatonin
Authors: Hemadi Masoud , Shokri Saeed , Pourmatroud Elham , Moramezi Farideh , Khodadai Ali 
Published: October 2011

Citation  Hemadi M, Shokri S, Pourmatroud E, Moramezi F, Khodadai A. Follicular dynamic and immunoreactions of the vitrified ovarian graft after host treatment with variable regimens of melatonin. Am J Reprod Immunol 2012; 67: 401–412Problem  This study investigates dose‐dependent effects of melatonin on ovarian graft.Method of Study  Vitrified‐thawed whole ovaries of newborn mice were grafted into ovariectomized mature ones. Melatonin (20, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/day) was administrated to separate groups of host mice for 32 days. IgM and IgG antibodies, Th1 and Th2 cytokines, and melatonin in recipient’s blood were measured. Subsequent survival of the grafted ovaries was scored. An assessment of follicular morphology was performed using TUNEL assay and hematoxylin‐eosin staining.Results  The administration of melatonin did not disturb the circadian rhythm of melatonin concentration. The ovarian graft lifespan was prolonged at 200 mg/kg/day melatonin (P < 0.001). However, in doses of higher than 20 mg/kg/day melatonin, the proportion of healthy follicles and ovary size decreased. Th1 cytokines levels were reduced dose dependently. However, the effect of melatonin on Th2 cytokines was not pronounced. IgM and IgG2a decreased in recipients receiving 200 mg/kg/day melatonin in comparison with non‐treated group (P < 0.001), while this variables were significantly increased at the dose of 50 mg/kg/day (P < 0.001).Conclusion  Melatonin at 200 mg/kg/day has an immunosuppresent effect and produce prolongation of graft survival. However, the associated reduction in healthy follicles suggests that melatonin in doses of higher than 20 mg/kg/day has no preventative ischemic action.
XyliMelts time‐release adhering discs for night‐time oral dryness
Authors: Burgess J , Lee P 
Published: October 2011

To cite this article:

Int J Dent Hygiene 10, 2012; 118–121  DOI: 10.1111/j.1601‐5037.2011.00532.xBurgess J, Lee P. XyliMelts time‐release adhering discs for night‐time oral dryness.Abstract:Dry mouth can be caused by medication, CPAP use, radiation treatment and a variety of connective tissue diseases, with the prevalence increasing with age. In most individuals, daytime dryness is easily managed. However, except for a new product tested in this study, there is no product lasting longer than an hour that can be used at night to reduce the perception of oral dryness while sleeping. The purpose of this study was to assess whether a self‐adhering, slowly dissolving disc that time‐releases 500 mg of xylitol, cellulose gum (lubricant and humectant) and mild mint flavour (XyliMelts for Dry Mouth, OraHealth Corp.) used during sleep would reduce perceived morning oral dryness and discomfort. Fifteen subjects self‐identified as having morning oral dryness were evaluated first without treatment and again with the use of XyliMelts for Dry Mouth. Measures of initial morning discomfort and perceived wetness demonstrated significant improvement. Perceived oral wetness scores increased more than threefold with the use of XyliMelts for Dry Mouth while sleeping. These findings suggest that XyliMelts for Dry Mouth may be an effective strategy for managing oral dryness that occurs at night.
Impaired working memory and normal sustained attention in borderline personality disorder
Authors: Lazzaretti Matteo , Morandotti Niccolò , Sala Michela , Isola Miriam , Frangou Sophia , De Vidovich Giulia , Marraffini Elisa , Gambini Francesca , Barale Francesco , Zappoli Federico , Caverzasi Edgardo , Brambilla Paolo 
Published: October 2011

Lazzaretti M, Morandotti N, Sala M, Isola M, Frangou S, De Vidovich G, Marraffini E, Gambini F, Barale F, Zappoli F, Caverzasi E, Brambilla P. Impaired working memory and normal sustained attention in borderline personality disorder.Objective: Although reports in the literature describe deficits in working memory in borderline personality disorder (BPD), the evidence is limited and inconsistent. The aim of this study was to evaluate further this cognitive dimension and its clinical correlates in BPD.Method: We compared the performance of 15 BPD patients to 1:1 matched healthy controls on verbal working memory as determined by the sequential letter N-back test and sustained attention as measured using the continuous performance test (CPT).Results: BPD patients performed significantly worse on the N-back test compared to healthy controls (p < 0.05), but not on the CPT. The N-back deficit was more pronounced and significant in the 3-back condition and inversely correlated with impulsivity.Conclusions: These results suggest the presence of working memory deficits in BPD that may be linked to greater impulsivity and sustained by impairment in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.
An observational study to quantify manual adjustments of the inspired oxygen fraction in extremely low birth weight infants
Authors: van der Eijk Anne Catherine , Dankelman Jenny , Schutte Sander , Simonsz Huibert Jan , Smit Bert Johan 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAim:  To quantify manual fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) adjustments performed by caregivers in extremely low birth weight (ELBW; ≤1000 g) infants, in relation to oxygen saturation (SpO2) and bedside care.Methods:  In a single‐centre study, FiO2, SpO2 and alarm limits of ELBW infants were collected for 3 days continuously, while caregivers were filmed. A descriptive analysis, focused on manual FiO2 adjustments, was performed.Results:  Twelve ELWB infants were included. Total recording time was 726 h. FiO2 was increased 851 times and decreased 1309 times; median (range) step size was 5% (1% to 65%) and −3% (−1% to −65%), respectively. Wide variation of FiO2 adjustments for equal levels of SpO2 was observed in all included infants. One hundred and twenty‐six of 136 FiO2 adjustments with a step size ≥15% and 111 of 171 desaturations <70% were associated with medical or nursing procedures. When FiO2 was >21%, alarm limits for SpO2 were set according to protocol (88–94%) in 64% of the time. Within these periods, SpO2 was >94% for 30% and <88% for 16% of the time.Conclusions:  Manual FiO2 adjustments varied widely in frequency and step size. Deep desaturations and large FiO2 adjustments were associated with medical or nursing procedures. When large adjustments are really necessary, it will be challenging to implement them in an automatic adjustment device.
Isotonic versus hypotonic fluid supplementation in term neonates with severe hyperbilirubinemia – a double‐blind, randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Balasubramanian Karthik , Kumar Praveen , Saini Shiv Sajan , Attri Savita Verma , Dutta Sourabh 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAim:  To compare the incidence of hyponatremia in full‐term neonates with severe hyperbilirubinemia, receiving intravenous fluid supplementation with 0.2% saline in 5% dextrose versus 0.9% saline in 5% dextrose, to prevent blood exchange transfusion (BET).Methods:  In this double‐blind, randomized, controlled trial, full‐term newborns (≥37 weeks), appropriate for gestational age, with severe non‐haemolytic hyperbilirubinemia (serum bilirubin ≥ 20 mg/dL) were enrolled. Eligible neonates were randomized to receive either 0.2% saline in 5% dextrose (hypotonic fluid group) or 0.9% saline in 5% dextrose (isotonic fluid group) over 8 hrs, in addition to phototherapy. The primary outcome was proportion of neonates developing hyponatremia (serum Na < 135 mmol/L) after 8 h.Results:  Forty‐two neonates were analysed in each group. Proportion of neonates developing hyponatremia after 8 h was higher in hypotonic fluid group as compared to isotonic fluid group (48.8% vs. 10.5%, p < 0.001). However, a larger proportion in isotonic fluid group developed hypernatremia (39.5% vs. 12.2%, p < 0.001). The rate of BET was similar in both groups.Conclusion:  In full‐term neonates with severe hyperbilirubinemia, administration of hypotonic fluid to prevent BET was associated with a higher incidence of hyponatremia while isotonic fluid was associated with an increased incidence of hypernatremia.