bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fear of COVID-19 associated with burnout syndrome in dentists of the Health Directorate of the National Police of Peru: a cross-sectional study at national level under multivariable regression model
Authors: Verástegui-Sandoval Arturo , Aquiles-Barzola Flor , Machco-Pasmiño Heriberto , Ladera-Castañeda Marysela , Briceño-Vergel Gissela , Castro-Rojas Miriam , Cornejo-Pinto Alberto , Cervantes-Ganoza Luis , Cayo-Rojas César 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
During the pandemic, many police dentists had the crucial responsibility of ensuring law and order while providing dental care by taking government-approved health measures to stop the spread of the coronavirus. The aim of this study was to assess the association between the fear of COVID-19 and Burnout syndrome in Peruvian dentists belonging to the Health Department of the National Police of Peru (PNP), taking into account possible confounding variables.

Methods
This cross-sectional and analytical study included 182 PNP dentists. The Fear COVID-19 Scale assessed fear of COVID-19 and the Maslach Burnout Inventory Test assessed burnout syndrome. The association between the fear of COVID-19 and Burnout syndrome (self-fulfilment) was analyzed using Spearman's Rho. A multivariable Poisson regression model with a robust variance estimation method was employed to evaluate the impact of fear of COVID-19 on the various dimensions of Burnout syndrome, considering possible confounding variables. The statistical significance level was set at p < 0.05.

Results
Under bivariate analysis, fear of COVID-19 was significantly linked with low direct intensity toward emotional exhaustion (Rho = 0.325, p < 0.001), very low direct intensity toward depersonalization (Rho = 0.180, p = 0.015), and very low inverse intensity toward self-fulfilment (Rho =—0.186, p = 0.012). Under multivariable analysis, it was observed that dentists who exhibited fear of COVID-19 were 3.4 and 3.7 times more likely to experience emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, respectively (APR = 3.40, 95% CI: 1.74—6.63 and APR = 3.68, 95% CI: 1.31—10.37), as compared to those who did not display fear of COVID-19. Moreover, none of the potential confounding factors were found to have a significant impact on emotional exhaustion (p > 0.05), depersonalization (p > 0.05), and self-fulfilment (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
Fear of COVID-19 was significantly associated with emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, and inversely associated with self-fulfilment. PNP dentists who exhibited fear of COVID-19 were at greater risk for emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. In developing Burnout syndrome, no significant impact was observed from factors such as age, gender, marital status, children, hierarchy, years of service, work area, private practice, work over 40 h per week, type of service, work performed, sport practice and daily exercise time.
Pseudarthrosis risk factors in lumbar fusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Boonsirikamchai Win , Wilartratsami Sirichai , Ruangchainikom Monchai , Korwutthikulrangsri Ekkapoj , Tongsai Sasima , Luksanapruksa Panya 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study presents a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of pseudarthrosis risk factors following lumbar fusion procedures. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were used for outcome measurements. The objective of this study was to identify the independent risk factors for pseudarthrosis after lumbar spinal fusion, which is crucial for mitigating morbidity and reoperation. Systematic searches in PubMed, Embase, and Scopus (1990–July 2021) were conducted using specific terms. The inclusion criteria included prospective and retrospective cohorts and case‒control series reporting ORs with 95% CIs from multivariate analysis. The quality assessment utilized the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Meta-analysis, employing OR and 95% CI, assessed pseudarthrosis risk factors in lumbar fusion surgery, depicted in a forest plot. Of the 568 abstracts identified, 12 met the inclusion criteria (9 retrospective, 2006–2021). The 17 risk factors were categorized into clinical, radiographic, surgical, and bone turnover marker factors. The meta-analysis highlighted two significant clinical risk factors: age (95% CI 1.02–1.11; p = 0.005) and smoking (95% CI 1.68–5.44; p = 0.0002). The sole significant surgical risk factor was the number of fused levels (pooled OR 1.35; 95% CI 1.17–1.55; p < 0.0001). This study identified 17 risk factors for pseudarthrosis after lumbar fusion surgery, emphasizing age, smoking status, and the number of fusion levels. Prospective studies are warranted to explore additional risk factors and assess the impact of surgery and graft type.
Can conservative treatment be effective for thoracolumbar injuries patients with TLICS scores of 4 or 5? An analysis of initial radiological findings and clinical risk factors for treatment failure
Authors: Khil Eun Kyung , Choi Il , Lee Kyoung Yeon , Kim Young Woo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to assess the outcomes of conservative management in patients with thoracolumbar fractures classified with a Thoracolumbar Injury Classification and Severity (TLICS) score of 4 or 5, and to analyze initial imaging findings and clinical risk factors associated with treatment failure.

Methods
In this retrospective analysis, patients with thoracolumbar fractures and a TLICS score of 4 or 5, determined through MRI from January 2017 to December 2020, were included. Patients undergoing conservative treatment were categorized into two groups: Group 1 (treatment success) and Group 2 (treatment failure), based on initial and 6-month follow-up outcomes. Clinical data were compared between the two groups. Initial radiological assessments included three kyphosis measurements (Cobb angle, Gardner angle, and sagittal index [SI]), anterior and posterior wall height, and central canal compromise (CC). Additionally, risk factors contributing to treatment failure were analyzed.

Results
The conservative treatment group comprised 84 patients (mean age, 60.25 ± 15.53; range 22–85; 42 men), with 57 in Group 1 and 27 in Group 2. Group 2 exhibited a higher proportion of women, older age, and lower bone mass density (p = 0.001–0.005). Initial imaging findings in Group 2 revealed significantly greater values for Cobb angle, SI, and CC (p = 0.001–0.045 or < 0.001; with cutoff values of 18.2, 12.8, and 7.8%, respectively), and lower anterior wall height (p = 0.001), demonstrating good to excellent interobserver agreement (0.72–0.99, p < 0.001). Furthermore, osteoporosis was identified as a significant risk factor (odds ratio = 5.64, p = 0.008).

Conclusion
Among patients with TLICS scores of 4 or 5, those experiencing conservative treatment failure exhibited unfavorable initial radiological findings, a higher proportion of women, advanced age, and osteoporosis. Additionally, osteoporosis emerged as a significant risk factor for treatment failure.
Knowledge, usability and challenges of e-learning platforms for continuing Professional Development of healthcare professionals at University Teaching Hospital of Kigali
Authors: Mukamana Agnes , Byungura Jean Claude , Manirakiza Felix , Rushingabigwi Gerard 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Healthcare professionals constitute a critical component of clinical care services. To provide the expected service, they must continuously develop their profession through continuous learning. This kind of learning is recognized as continuing professional development (CPD). Traditionally, CPD is offered onsite. Onsite training is associated with some barriers that prevent healthcare professionals from attending such educational activities, including financial difficulties and long distance. This is why online learning is proposed to overcome these barriers.

Objective
The main purpose was to evaluate usability, knowledge and challenges of e-learning platforms for CPD of healthcare professionals at University Teaching Hospital of Kigali (CHUK).

Methods
The cross-sectional quantitative study approach was utilized; the data was collected at the workplace of nurses, midwives, and allied health professionals by using a pre-designed questionnaire. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 and presented as frequencies.

Results
A significant majority was aware of CPD e-learning platforms. For example, 95.7% of the participants were familiar with these platforms, indicating that they had some degree of knowledge about their existence and purpose. Regarding the mode of accessing CPD courses, 82.1% of participants preferred online platforms, demonstrating a strong will to use e-learning platforms.

Conclusion
This study highlighted a high level of awareness and utilization of CPD e-learning platforms among healthcare professionals at CHUK, additionally, participants expressed confidence in using the platforms but emphasized the need for further support and training.
3D exploration of gene expression in chicken embryos through combined RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization, immunofluorescence, and clearing
Authors: André Maëlys , Dinvaut Sarah , Castellani Valérie , Falk Julien 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Fine characterization of gene expression patterns is crucial to understand many aspects of embryonic development. The chicken embryo is a well-established and valuable animal model for developmental biology. The period spanning from the third to sixth embryonic days (E3 to E6) is critical for many organ developments. Hybridization chain reaction RNA fluorescent in situ hybridization (HCR RNA-FISH) enables multiplex RNA detection in thick samples including embryos of various animal models. However, its use is limited by tissue opacity.

Results
We optimized HCR RNA-FISH protocol to efficiently label RNAs in whole mount chicken embryos from E3.5 to E5.5 and adapted it to ethyl cinnamate (ECi) tissue clearing. We show that light sheet imaging of HCR RNA-FISH after ECi clearing allows RNA expression analysis within embryonic tissues with good sensitivity and spatial resolution. Finally, whole mount immunofluorescence can be performed after HCR RNA-FISH enabling as exemplified to assay complex spatial relationships between axons and their environment or to monitor GFP electroporated neurons.

Conclusions
We could extend the use of HCR RNA-FISH to older chick embryos by optimizing HCR RNA-FISH and combining it with tissue clearing and 3D imaging. The integration of immunostaining makes possible to combine gene expression with classical cell markers, to correlate expressions with morphological differentiation and to depict gene expressions in gain or loss of function contexts. Altogether, this combined procedure further extends the potential of HCR RNA-FISH technique for chicken embryology.
Hepatic steatosis, metabolic dysfunction and risk of mortality: findings from a multinational prospective cohort study
Authors: Mayén Ana-Lucia , Sabra Mirna , Aglago Elom K. , Perlemuter Gabriel , Voican Cosmin , Ramos Ines , Debras Charlotte , Blanco Jessica , Viallon Vivian , Ferrari Pietro , Olsen Anja , Tjønneland Anne , Langmann Fie , Dahm Christina C. , Rothwell Joseph , Laouali Nasser , Marques Chloé , Schulze Matthias B. , Katzke Verena , Kaaks Rudolf , Palli Domenico , Macciotta Alessandra , Panico Salvatore , Tumino Rosario , Agnoli Claudia , Farràs Marta , Molina-Montes Esther , Amiano Pilar , Chirlaque María-Dolores , Castilla Jesús , Werner Mårten , Bodén Stina , Heath Alicia K. , Tsilidis Kostas , Aune Dagfinn , Weiderpass Elisabete , Freisling Heinz , Gunter Marc J. , Jenab Mazda 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are implicated in the aetiology of non-communicable diseases. Our study aimed to evaluate associations between NAFLD and MetS with overall and cause-specific mortality.

Methods
We used dietary, lifestyle, anthropometric and metabolic biomarker data from a random subsample of 15,784 EPIC cohort participants. NAFLD was assessed using the fatty liver index (FLI) and MetS using the revised definition. Indices for metabolic dysfunction–associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) were calculated. The individual associations of these indices with overall and cause-specific mortality were assessed using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs). As a subobjective, risk associations with adaptations of new classifications of metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and metabolic and alcohol-related liver disease (MetALD) were also assessed.

Results
Among the 15,784 sub-cohort participants, a total of 1997 deaths occurred (835 due to cancer, 520 to CVD, 642 to other causes) over a median 15.6 (IQR, 12.3–17.1) years of follow-up. Compared to an FLI < 30, FLI ≥ 60 was associated with increased risks of overall mortality (HR = 1.44, 95%CI = 1.27–1.63), and deaths from cancer (HR = 1.32, 95%CI = 1.09–1.60), CVD (HR = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.61–2.63) or other causes (HR = 1.21, 95%CI = 0.97–1.51). Mortality risk associations were also elevated for individuals with MAFLD compared to those without. Individuals with MetS were at increased risk of all mortality endpoints, except cancer-specific mortality. MASLD and MetALD were associated with higher risk of overall mortality.

Conclusions
Our findings based on a prospective cohort suggest that individuals with hepatic steatosis or metabolic dysfunction have a higher overall and cause-specific mortality risk.
Evaluation the kill rate and mutant selection window of danofloxacin against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in a peristaltic pump model
Authors: Wang Hongjuan , Liao Chengshui , Ding Ke , Zhang Longfei , Wang Lei 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is a serious pathogen in pigs. The abundant application of antibiotics has resulted in the gradual emergence of drugresistant bacteria, which has seriously affected treatment of disease. To aid measures to prevent the emergence and spread of drug-resistant bacteria, herein, the kill rate and mutant selection window (MSW) of danofloxacin (DAN) against A. pleuropneumoniae were evaluated.

Methods
For the kill rate study, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was tested using the micro dilution broth method and time-killing curves of DAN against A. pleuropneumoniae grown in tryptic soy broth (TSB) at a series drug concentrations (from 0 to 64 MIC) were constructed. The relationships between the kill rate and drug concentrations were analyzed using a Sigmoid Emax model during different time periods. For the MSW study, the MIC99 (the lowest concentration that inhibited the growth of the bacteria by ≥ 99%) and mutant prevention concentration (MPC) of DAN against A. pleuropneumoniae were measured using the agar plate method. Then, a peristaltic pump infection model was established to simulate the dynamic changes of DAN concentrations in pig lungs. The changes in number and sensitivity of A. pleuropneumoniae were measured. The relationships between pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters and the antibacterial effect were analyzed using the Sigmoid Emax model.

Results
In kill rate study, the MIC of DAN against A. pleuropneumoniae was 0.016 µg/mL. According to the kill rate, DAN exhibited concentration-dependent antibacterial activity against A. pleuropneumoniae. A bactericidal effect was observed when the DAN concentration reached 4–8 MIC. The kill rate increased constantly with the increase in DAN concentration, with a maximum value of 3.23 Log10 colony forming units (CFU)/mL/h during the 0–1 h period. When the drug concentration was in the middle part of the MSW, drugresistant bacteria might be induced. Therefore, the dosage should be avoided to produce a mean value of AUC24h/MIC99 (between 31.29 and 62.59 h. The values of AUC24h/MIC99 to achieve bacteriostatic, bactericidal, and eradication effects were 9.46, 25.14, and > 62.59 h, respectively.

Conclusion
These kill rate and MSW results will provide valuable guidance for the use of DAN to treat A. pleuropneumoniae infections.
From “Husky” to “Bulldog”– behavioural correlates between castration and breed groups in the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris)
Authors: Kolkmeyer C.A. , Baum J. , Warlich-Zach N. , Gansloßer U. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNeutering dogs is a widespread method and is carried out for various behavioural and husbandry reasons. This study’s main objective is to investigate the behavioural correlations between neutering and the breed of male dogs. In order to possibly find breed-dependent differences in the behaviour of intact and castrated dogs, a differentiation between two clades - the “Huskies“(chow chow, shar pei, akita/shiba inu, alaskan malamute, siberian/alaskan husky) and the “Bulldogs” (german boxer, english/french bulldog, old english mastiff, boston terrier, english bull terrier, staffordshire bull terrier, american staffordshire terrier), based on Parker et al. [1], was made.Using an online questionnaire,, 31 neutered and 37 intact male dogs from the clade “Huskies“ and 30 neutered and 38 intact male dogs from the clade “Bulldogs”, participated in the study (N = 136).The survey included detailed questions on the dogs’ personality and any associated issues as well as a behavioural anamnesis. Further questions relating to four of the “big five” personality dimensions based on the “Budapest questionnaire” by Turcsán et al. from 2011 [2] were also added.The results show, that neutered males from both breed clades more frequently displayed aggression toward humans than intact males (multinomial logistic regression, p = 0.002). When it came to aggression towards other dogs, it was the “Huskies” that differed significantly from the “Bulldogs“(multinomial logistic regression, p = 0.04) with being more aggressive. There were also significant differences in stress-related behaviour depending on castration status and breed (multinomial logistic regression, p < 0.001; Cramer’s V = 0.33) and only the castration status had an impact on the significance (multinomial logistic regression, p < 0.001). The analysis also revealed significance for stress-indicating behaviour with dependence on neutering status (multinomial logistic regression, p < 0.001) and showed that stress as well as uncertainty are significantly more common in neutered dogs depending on breed and neutering status (multinomial logistic regression, p < 0.001; Cramer’s V = 0.42), in that only neutered “Bulldogs“ were stressed, but more “Huskies“ overall.According to the Budapest questionnaire data, the “Bulldog” clade had considerably greater extraversion scores overall (ordinal regression, p < 0.001) than the “Huskies“.Our findings highlight the risks and potential negative effects of neutering. Gonadectomy in no way substitutes for the dog receiving the necessary socialization, training, or bonding. Although in some circumstances it might have a favourable impact on the dog’s behaviour, it should not be seen as a panacea for unwanted behaviour. Given that not all behaviours are influenced by sex hormones, every castration decision must be weighed up individually.
Effects of genetically proxied lipid-lowering drugs on acute myocardial infarction: a drug-target mendelian randomization study
Authors: Xiao Wendi , Li Yueying , Zhuang Zhenhuang , Song Zimin , Wang Wenxiu , Huang Ninghao , Dong Xue , Jia Jinzhu , Liu Zhonghua , Zhao Yimin , Qi Lu , Huang Tao 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Objective
High low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol has been associated with an increased risk of coronary artery diseases (CAD) including acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, whether lipids lowering drug treatment is causally associated with decreased risk of AMI remains largely unknown. We used Mendelian randomization (MR) to evaluate the influence of genetic variation affecting the function of lipid-lowering drug targets on AMI.

Methods
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with lipids as instruments were extracted from the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium (GLGC). The genome-wide association study (GWAS) data for AMI were obtained from UK Biobank. Two sample MR analysis was used to study the associations between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides (TG) with AMI (n = 3,927). Genetic variants associated with LDL cholesterol at or near drug target gene were used to mimic drug effects on the AMI events in drug target MR.

Results
Genetically predicted higher LDL-C (per one SD increase in LDL-C of 38.67 mg/dL, OR 1.006, 95% CI 1.004–1.007) and TG (per one SD increase in TG of 90.72 mg/dL, 1.004, 1.002–1.006) was associated with increased risk of AMI, but decreased risk for higher HDL-C (per one SD increase in HDL-C of 15.51 mg/dL, 0.997, 0.995–0.999) in univariable MR. Association remained significant for LDL-C, but attenuated toward the null for HDL-C and TG in multivariable MR. Genetically proxied lower LDL-C with genetic variants at or near the PCSK9 region (drug target of evolocumab) and NPC1L1 (drug target of ezetimibe) were associated with decreased risk of AMI (0.997, 0.994–0.999 and 0.986, 0.975–0.998, respectively), whereas genetic variants at HMGCR region (drug target of statin) showed marginal association with AMI (0.995, 0.990-1.000). After excluding drug target-related SNPs, LDL-C related SNPs outside the drug target region remained a causal effect on AMI (0.994, 0.993–0.996).

Conclusions
The findings suggest that genetically predicted LDL-C may play a predominant role in the development of AMI. The drug MR results imply that ezetimibe and evolocumab may decrease the risk of AMI due to their LDL-C lowering effect, and there are other non-drug related lipid lowering pathways that may be causally linked to AMI.
STING agonists as promising vaccine adjuvants to boost immunogenicity against SARS-related coronavirus derived infection: possible role of autophagy
Authors: Rezabakhsh Aysa , Sadaie M. Reza , Ala Alireza , Roosta Yousef , Habtemariam Solomon , Sahebnasagh Adeleh , Khezri Mohammad Rafi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAs a major component of innate immunity and a positive regulator of interferons, the Stimulator of interferon gene (STING) has an immunotherapy potential to govern a variety of infectious diseases. Despite the recent advances regarding vaccines against COVID-19, nontoxic novel adjuvants with the potential to enhance vaccine efficacy are urgently desired. In this connection, it has been well-documented that STING agonists are applied to combat COVID-19. This approach is of major significance for boosting immune responses most likely through an autophagy-dependent manner in susceptible individuals against infection induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus (SARS‑CoV‑2). Given that STING agonists exert substantial immunomodulatory impacts under a wide array of pathologic conditions, these agents could be considered novel adjuvants for enhancing immunogenicity against the SARS-related coronavirus. Here, we intend to discuss the recent advances in STING agonists’ recruitment to boost innate immune responses upon vaccination against SARS-related coronavirus infections. In light of the primordial role of autophagy modulation, the potential of being an antiviral vaccine adjuvant was also explored.