bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of grit in thinking styles and academic major satisfaction
Authors: Cheng Sanyin , Deng Li , Li Jiaqi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Satisfaction with one’s academic major is critical to a university student’s development. This study explores the interrelationships among thinking styles, grit, and academic major satisfaction in both deaf or hard-of-hearing (DHH) and hearing students, employing independent samples t-tests to compare the two groups, Pearson’s correlation analysis to explore relationships among the variables, and mediation analysis to understand the mediating effect of grit on the relationship between thinking styles and academic major satisfaction. The results indicated significantly higher levels of grit and consistency of interest in DHH students than hearing students, with no significant differences in perseverance of effort. A strong correlation was found between thinking styles and both grit and academic major satisfaction, particularly in DHH students. Mediation analysis revealed that grit significantly mediated the relationship between thinking styles and academic major satisfaction, underscoring its role in enhancing students’ academic experience. These findings contribute to the limited literature on DHH students’ psychological attributes and the complex interplay of psychological constructs in academic major satisfaction, offering valuable insights for tailored educational strategies.
Higher prevalence of sacbrood virus in Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) colonies after pollinating highbush blueberries
Authors: McAfee Alison , French Sarah K , Wizenberg Sydney B , Newburn Laura R , Tsvetkov Nadejda , Higo Heather , Common Julia , Pernal Stephen F , Giovenazzo Pierre , Hoover Shelley E , Guzman-Novoa Ernesto , Currie Robert W , Veiga Patricia Wolf , Conflitti Ida M , Pepinelli Mateus , Tran Lan , Zayed Amro , Guarna M Marta , Foster Leonard J 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Highbush blueberry pollination depends on managed honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) for adequate fruit sets; however, beekeepers have raised concerns about the poor health of colonies after pollinating this crop. Postulated causes include agrochemical exposure, nutritional deficits, and interactions with parasites and pathogens, particularly Melisococcus plutonius [(ex. White) Bailey and Collins, Lactobacillales: Enterococcaceae], the causal agent of European foulbrood disease, but other pathogens could be involved. To broadly investigate common honey bee pathogens in relation to blueberry pollination, we sampled adult honey bees from colonies at time points corresponding to before (t1), during (t2), at the end (t3), and after (t4) highbush blueberry pollination in British Columbia, Canada, across 2 years (2020 and 2021). Nine viruses, as well as M. plutonius, Vairimorpha ceranae, and V. apis [Tokarev et al., Microsporidia: Nosematidae; formerly Nosema ceranae (Fries et al.) and N. apis (Zander)], were detected by PCR and compared among colonies located near and far from blueberry fields. We found a significant interactive effect of time and blueberry proximity on the multivariate pathogen community, mainly due to differences at t4 (corresponding to ~6 wk after the beginning of the pollination period). Post hoc comparisons of pathogens in near and far groups at t4 showed that detections of sacbrood virus (SBV), which was significantly higher in the near group, not M. plutonius, was the primary driver. Further research is needed to determine if the association of SBV with highbush blueberry pollination is contributing to the health decline that beekeepers observe after pollinating this crop.
The devil is in the divisional: an analysis of divisional patents, deadlines, declarations and suggestions for future practice
Authors: Filler Mieke 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This article argues that divisional patent applications and litigation are strategically employed in the pharmaceutical sector to delay generic and biosimilar market entry. These practices are given a legitimate basis in the European Patent Convention and the Patents Act 1977, but recent UK case law shows that their misuse results in deliberate obfuscation of existing safeguards. Nonetheless, patent law should not be passive. The reintroduction of the divisional filing time limit coupled with shorter compliance periods would offer practical administrative steps for shortening the time frame within which divisionals can be filed. Moreover, further clarity surrounding the implementation of the double patenting prohibition would reduce the number of substantially similar divisional patents that are successfully obtained. This article also discusses Arrow declarations at length, before concluding with a brief analysis of the suitability of the abuse of process doctrine for dealing with divisional misuse.
Separated, united or a bit of both? Infringement and validity at the Unified Patent Court
Authors: Kessler Nora , Palzer Christoph 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The so-called separation principle, according to which claims for infringement and the validity of a patent are assigned to different specialized courts, is a peculiarity of the German patent system, albeit not unique to it. Much more widespread across Europe is the so-called principle of unity, which provides infringement and validity to be decided jointly at the same court. The drafters of the Agreement on a Unified Patent Court (UPCA), however, did not favour one principle over the other, and thus did not opt for a bifurcated or a non-bifurcated system; rather they decided in favour of a hybrid system. Against this background, at the Unified Patent Court (UPC), the interplay of infringement and validity is rather complex. What this looks like exactly is the focus of this article, which also keeps an eye on the legal situation in Germany.
Intellectual property norms in the polycrisis—(still) omnipresent, distracting, irrelevant?
Authors: Ncube Caroline B 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Twenty years since Professor Cornish asked whether IP is ‘omnipresent, distracting, irrelevant?’, this article revisits that question following recent times of instability, which have compounded the polycrisis the world is facing, whilst the 2030 deadline to achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goals looms closer and closer. This contribution argues that IP plays a critical role as one of multiple regulatory systems seeking solutions in the highly dynamic and insecure contexts of the climate emergency, uneven global development and pandemics, requiring timely and comprehensive normative development. However, over the last two decades there has been a glacial pace towards setting appropriate IP norms and states, policymakers and legislatures have to move beyond merely settling for a ‘more of the same’ approach. The ongoing World Health Organization’s Pandemic Accord negotiations present an opportunity to confirm IP’s relevance to combatting the polycrisis by setting effective norms and a technology transfer mechanism. It is concluded that missing this opportunity would render debates about IP no more than a deadly distraction.
Correlation adjusted debiased Lasso: debiasing the Lasso with inaccurate covariate model
Authors: Celentano Michael , Montanari Andrea 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We consider the problem of estimating a low-dimensional parameter in high-dimensional linear regression. Constructing an approximately unbiased estimate of the parameter of interest is a crucial step towards performing statistical inference. Several authors suggest to orthogonalize both the variable of interest and the outcome with respect to the nuisance variables, and then regress the residual outcome with respect to the residual variable. This is possible if the covariance structure of the regressors is perfectly known, or is sufficiently structured that it can be estimated accurately from data (e.g. the precision matrix is sufficiently sparse). Here we consider a regime in which the covariate model can only be estimated inaccurately, and hence existing debiasing approaches are not guaranteed to work. We propose the correlation adjusted debiased Lasso, which nearly eliminates this bias in some cases, including cases in which the estimation errors are neither negligible nor orthogonal.
Lessons Learned From a Large-Scale Military Mass Casualty Incident: Reevaluation of the Response to the Khobar Towers Bombing
Authors: Obiajulu Joseph , DeSoucy Erik , Robb Douglas , Atkins Michael , Rush Stephen 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The 1996 Khobar Towers bombing, a large-scale mass casualty incident (MASCAL) at a coalition forces housing complex, resulted in 519 casualties. Key lessons learned include the importance of MASCAL exercises, self-aid and buddy care, and casualty triage, all critical to preparation for future terrorist attacks or near-peer combat operations MASCALs.
Effects of feedback-free starburst galaxies on the 21-cm signal and reionization history
Authors: Libanore Sarah , Flitter Jordan , Kovetz Ely D , Li Zhaozhou , Dekel Avishai 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Different star formation models at Cosmic Dawn produce detectable signatures in the observables of upcoming 21-cm experiments. In this work, we consider the physical scenario of feedback-free starbursts (FFB), according to which the star formation efficiency (SFE) is enhanced in sufficiently massive haloes at early enough times, thus explaining the indication from the JWST for an excess of bright galaxies at $z \ge 10$. We model the contribution of FFBs to popII SFE and compute the impact these have on the 21-cm global signal and power spectrum. We show that FFBs affect the evolution of the brightness temperature and the 21-cm power spectrum, but they only have a limited effect on the neutral hydrogen fraction. We investigate how the observables are affected by changes in the underlying star formation model and by contribution from popIII stars. Finally, we forecast the capability of next-generation Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA) to detect the existence of FFB galaxies via power spectrum measurements. Our results show the possibility of a significant detection, provided that popII stars are the main drivers of lowering the spin temperature. Efficient popIII star formation will make the detection more challenging.
Companion-launched jets at varying companion masses
Authors: Shiber Sagiv , Iaconi Roberto 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
We conduct three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations, and show that when a secondary star launches jets while interacting with a primary $0.88~\mathrm{ M}_{\rm \odot }$ giant star in a close orbit, the system can avoid entering the common envelope evolution (CEE). Instead of a fast in-spiral, the companion slowly enters the envelope as the jets facilitate the unbinding of the giant star envelope outside the companion orbit, in what is termed the grazing envelope evolution (GEE). The assumptions are that the secondary main-sequence star accretes mass via an accretion disc, and that the accretion disc launches the jets. We perform two sets of simulations with and without jets for different companion masses at the range of 0.1–0.9 M$_{\odot }$, maintaining a constant jet power in the former case of $1.5\times 10^{38}~{\rm ergs~s^{-1}}$. We examine which of the simulated systems undergo a GEE rather than a CEE and how efficiently the jets unbind the envelope. The results indicate that systems with companion masses at the range of 0.1–0.3 M$_{\odot }$ are more likely to result in a phase of GEE lasting 1–3 yr. With the smallest companion, a 0.1 solar mass star, the jets unbind 65 per cent of the envelope mass, while almost none of the envelope is unbound if jets are not present. The results of the simulations show that the GEE can serve as an alternative to the CEE, in forming short-period binaries that have compact objects and an ejected envelope.
Psychedelics and disorders of consciousness: the current landscape and the path forward
Authors: Cardone Paolo , Alnagger Naji , Annen Jitka , Bicego Aminata , Gosseries Olivia , Martial Charlotte 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Modern medicine has been shaken by the surge of psychedelic science that proposes a new approach to mitigate mental disorders, such as depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. Clinical trials to investigate whether psychedelic substances can treat psychiatric conditions are now underway, yet less discussion gravitates around their use in neurological disorders due to brain injury. One suggested implementation of brain-complexity enhancing psychedelics is to treat people with post-comatose disorders of consciousness (DoC). In this article, we discuss the rationale of this endeavour, examining possible outcomes of such experiments by postulating the existence of an optimal level of complexity. We consider the possible counterintuitive effects of both psychedelics and DoC on the functional connectivity of the default mode network and its possible impact on selfhood. We also elaborate on the role of computational modelling in providing complementary information to experimental studies, both contributing to our understanding of the treatment mechanisms and providing a path towards personalized medicine. Finally, we update the discourse surrounding the ethical considerations, encompassing clinical and scientific values.
Risks of occupational mental disorders in Korean civil servants (2009–18)
Authors: Choi B-Y , Min K-B , Ryoo S-W , Min J-Y 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Previous studies have suggested that firefighters, police officers and civil servants in the education sector, particularly in Western countries, are vulnerable to mental stress and disorders; however, evidence for this association in South Korea is lacking.

Aims
This study aimed to identify whether firefighters, police officers and teachers are at a higher risk for occupational mental health disorders.

Methods
We used workers’ compensation claims from civil servants (2009–18). Our target population comprised 46 209 civil servants (9009 civil servants in administrative and technical positions, 23 107 police officers, 4417 firefighters and 8676 civil servants in the educational sector). Occupational and environmental medicine physicians and medical doctors defined and confirmed mental disorders. We conducted Cox proportional hazards regression analyses to evaluate civil servants’ risk of occupational mental health disorders.

Results
Compared with the civil servants in administrative and technical positions, civil servants in the education sector (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.16; 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.65–2.84) showed a statistically significant increased risk of mental disorders; conversely, firefighters did not (HR = 0.80; 95% CI 0.51–1.27). Police officers had a significantly decreased mental disorder risk compared with civil servants in administrative and technical positions (HR = 0.17; 95% CI 0.11–0.25).

Conclusions
The risk of occupational mental health disorders was higher in civil servants in the education sector but lower in police officers and firefighters than civil servants in administrative and technical positions. Further studies on civil servants’ mental health awareness are required to confirm our results.
Long-acting HIV Treatments: Study Design, Logistics, and Access
Authors: Murdock Nicholas A , Alajaji Nayri E , Schaefer Robin , Boone Cheriko A , Campo Rafael E , Dore Gregory J , Gandhi Monica , Gorospe J Rafael , Gulick Roy M , Hodder Sally L , Liu Jonathan , Rhee Martin S , Rooney James F , Vannappagari Vani , Wilkin Timothy , Miller Veronica 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
New long-acting HIV treatment products have the potential to change the HIV epidemic in the United States and globally. Phase 3 clinical trials of HIV treatments tend to underrepresent populations bearing a disproportionate burden of the HIV epidemic—including women, racial minorities, trans and gender-diverse people, older adults, the unhoused, people who inject drugs, those in rural areas, individuals with mental illness, and other marginalized groups. These populations commonly face significant challenges in adhering to daily HIV treatment regimens. Conducting clinical trials of long-acting treatment targeting specific unmet medical needs of these populations can improve understanding of optimal care approaches, broaden the indication for use of long-acting products, and inform treatment guidelines, all of which can influence reimbursement and access policies. Innovative trial designs and programmatic implementation can improve inclusivity for long-acting therapy. This article summarizes discussions of a multistakeholder workshop on study designs for long-acting HIV treatments.
The emerging role of effector functions exerted by tissue-resident memory T cells
Authors: Iijima Norifumi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The magnitude of the effector functions of memory T cells determines the consequences of the protection against invading pathogens and tumor development or the pathogenesis of autoimmune and allergic diseases. Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM cells) are unique T-cell populations that persist in tissues for long periods awaiting re-encounter with their cognate antigen. Although TRM cell reactivation primarily requires the presentation of cognate antigens, recent evidence has shown that, in addition to the conventional concept, TRM cells can be reactivated without the presentation of cognate antigens. Non-cognate TRM cell activation is triggered by cross-reactive antigens or by several combinations of cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-2, IL-7, IL-12, IL-15 and IL-18. The activation mode of TRM cells reinforces their cytotoxic activity and promotes the secretion of effector cytokines (such as interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha). This review highlights the key features of TRM cell maintenance and reactivation and discusses the importance of effector functions that TRM cells exert upon being presented with cognate and/or non-cognate antigens, as well as cytokines secreted by TRM and non-TRM cells within the tissue microenvironment.
Secret Weapon of Insects: The Oral Secretion Cocktail and Its Modulation of Host Immunity
Authors: Prajapati Vinod Kumar , Vijayan Vishakh , Vadassery Jyothilakshmi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Plants and insects have co-existed for almost 400 million years and their interactions can be beneficial or harmful, thus reflecting their intricate co-evolutionary dynamics. Many herbivorous arthropods cause tremendous crop loss, impacting the agro-economy worldwide. Plants possess an arsenal of chemical defenses that comprise diverse secondary metabolites that help protect against harmful herbivorous arthropods. In response, the strategies that herbivores use to cope with plant defenses can be behavioral, or molecular and/or biochemical of which salivary secretions are a key determinant. Insect salivary secretions/oral secretions (OSs) play a crucial role in plant immunity as they contain several biologically active elicitors and effector proteins that modulate plants’ defense responses. Using this oral secretion cocktail, insects overcome plant natural defenses to allow successful feeding. However, a lack of knowledge of the nature of the signals present in oral secretion cocktails has resulted in reduced mechanistic knowledge of their cellular perception. In this review, we discuss the latest knowledge on herbivore oral secretion derived elicitors and effectors and various mechanisms involved in plant defense modulation. Identification of novel herbivore-released molecules and their plant targets should pave the way for understanding the intricate strategies employed by both herbivorous arthropods and plants in their interactions.
Characterization of the Arabidopsis Mutant oligocellula6-D Reveals the Importance of Leaf Initiation in Determining the Final Leaf Size
Authors: Takeda Risa , Sato Shoki , Ui Takumi , Tsukaya Hirokazu , Horiguchi Gorou 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The leaf is a determinate organ with a final size under genetic control. Numerous factors that regulate the final leaf size have been identified in Arabidopsis thaliana; although most of these factors play their roles during the growth of leaf primordia, much less is known about leaf initiation and its effects on the final leaf size. In this study, we characterized oligocellula6-D (oli6-D), a semidominant mutant of A. thaliana with smaller leaves than the wild type (WT) due to its reduced leaf cell numbers. A time-course analysis showed that oli6-D had approximately 50% fewer leaf cells even immediately after leaf initiation; this difference was maintained throughout leaf development. Next-generation sequencing showed that oli6-D had chromosomal duplications involving 2-kb and 3-Mb regions of chromosomes 2 and 4, respectively. Several duplicated genes examined had approximately 2-fold higher expression levels, and at least one gene acquired a new intron/exon structure due to a chromosome fusion event. oli6-D showed reduced auxin responses in leaf primordia, primary roots and embryos, as well as reduced apical dominance and partial auxin-resistant root growth. CRISPR-associated protein-9-mediated genome editing enabled the removal of a 3-Mb duplicated segment, the largest targeted deletion in plants thus far. As a result, oli6-D restored the WT leaf phenotypes, demonstrating that oli6-D is a gain-of-function mutant. Our results suggest a new regulatory point of leaf size determination that functions at a very early stage of leaf development and is negatively regulated by one or more genes located in the duplicated chromosomal segments.
Neutrino Phenomenology and keV Dark Matter in the Two-Higgs Doublet Model with A4 Symmetry
Authors: Vien V V 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We propose a minimal extended seesaw scheme based on the discrete symmetry $A_4\times Z_4\times Z_2\times Z_8$, which can successfully address neutrino phenomenology and keV sterile neutrino dark matter. The lepton mass hierarchy is naturally achieved. Active neutrino mixing angles can reached the best-fit points with the predictive Dirac CP violation phase. The active–sterile mixing matrix elements are small enough to access the observed cosmological dark matter abundance constraint with keV sterile neutrino dark matter. The effective neutrino masses are predicted to be in the ranges of the recent experimental limits.