bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of alternative models for personality disorders, II: 6-, 8- and 10-year follow-up
Authors: Morey L. C. , Hopwood C. J. , Markowitz J. C. , Gunderson J. G. , Grilo C. M. , McGlashan T. H. , Shea M. T. , Yen S. , Sanislow C. A. , Ansell E. B. , Skodol A. E. 
Published: December 2011

BackgroundSeveral conceptual models have been considered for the assessment of personality pathology in DSM-5. This study sought to extend our previous findings to compare the long-term predictive validity of three such models: the Five-Factor Model (FFM), the Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality (SNAP), and DSM-IV personality disorders (PDs).MethodAn inception cohort from the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorder Study (CLPS) was followed for 10 years. Baseline data were used to predict long-term outcomes, including functioning, Axis I psychopathology, and medication use.ResultsEach model was significantly valid, predicting a host of important clinical outcomes. Lower-order elements of the FFM system were not more valid than higher-order factors, and DSM-IV diagnostic categories were less valid than dimensional symptom counts. Approaches that integrate normative traits and personality pathology proved to be most predictive, as the SNAP, a system that integrates normal and pathological traits, generally showed the largest validity coefficients overall, and the DSM-IV PD syndromes and FFM traits tended to provide substantial incremental information relative to one another.ConclusionsDSM-5 PD assessment should involve an integration of personality traits with characteristic features of PDs.
Echocardiographic evaluation of cardiac structure and function in obese Egyptian adolescents
Authors: Kamal Hanan M. , Atwa Hoda A. , Saleh Omar M. , Mohamed Faten A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to detect structural and functional changes in the left and right ventricles in obese Egyptian adolescents.Methods and resultsAnthropometric and echocardiographic parameters, including tissue Doppler imaging, were obtained from 70 obese adolescents with average body mass index of 34 plus or minus 3.8 and compared with 50 age- and sex-matched controls, with a body mass index of 21.6 plus or minus 1.9. Cardiac dimensions, stroke volume, left ventricular and right ventricular systolic and diastolic functions were evaluated. The obese group had a higher end-diastolic septal and posterior wall thickness and left ventricular mass index than the non-obese group. Body mass index, mid-arm and hip circumference values showed significant correlations with these echocardiographic variables. Systolic and diastolic functions of the left ventricle were normal in both groups, although stroke volume was high in the obese group. The right ventricle tissue Doppler parameters were similar in both groups. However, the S wave of the septal/lateral tricuspid valve annulus was reduced in the obese group, but not to the level reflecting systolic dysfunction. This was inversely correlated with hip, waist, and mid-arm circumference. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that the mid-arm and hip circumference followed by the body mass index are significant predictors of these early cardiac abnormalities.ConclusionLeft ventricular hypertrophy is present in obese children, although both systolic and diastolic functions are normal. Tissue Doppler imaging revealed a minor, but still significant, reduction in the right ventricular systolic function. Mid-arm and hip circumference are predictors of left ventricular hypertrophy.
Dual Task Abilities as a Possible Preclinical Marker of Alzheimer's Disease in Carriers of the E280A Presenilin-1 Mutation
Authors: MacPherson Sarah E. , Parra Mario A. , Moreno Sonia , Lopera Francisco , Della Sala Sergio 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPrevious dual task studies have demonstrated that patients with sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) are impaired in their ability to perform two tasks simultaneously compared with healthy controls, despite being able to successfully perform the tasks alone relatively well. Yet, it remains unclear what the earliest clinical manifestation of this dual task coordination deficit is. This study examined dual task abilities in individuals who are at risk of early-onset familial AD due to an E280A presenilin-1 mutation. Thirty-nine carriers of the gene mutation who did not meet the criteria for AD and 29 non-carrier healthy controls were asked to perform digit recall accompanied by a secondary tracking task. Individuals who were carriers of the genetic mutation demonstrated significantly higher dual task costs than healthy non-carriers. Dual task performance was found to be more sensitive to this very early stage of FAD than episodic memory measures. The findings support the notion that a deficit in the coordination mechanism of the central executive may be a pre-clinical marker for the early detection of AD due to the E280A presenilin-1 gene mutation. (JINS, 2012, 18, 234–241)
Dorsal Stream Contributions to Perceptual Asymmetries
Authors: Thomas Nicole A. , Schneider Oliver , Gutwin Carl , Elias Lorin J. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractNeurologically normal individuals show a bias toward the left side of space, referred to as pseudoneglect due to its similarity to clinical hemispatial neglect. The left bias appears to be stronger in the lower visual field during free-viewing, which could result from preferential dorsal stream processing. The current experiments used modified greyscales tasks, incorporating motion and isoluminant color, to explore whether targeting dorsal or ventral stream processing influenced the strength of the left bias. It was expected that the left bias would be stronger on the motion task than on a task incorporating isoluminant color. In Study 1, similar left biases were observed during prolonged viewing for luminance, motion and red, but not green color. The unexpected finding of a leftward bias for red under prolonged viewing was replicated in Study 2. A leftward bias for motion was also evident during 150 ms viewing in Study 2. In Study 3, the left bias was not apparent when using a blue/yellow condition, suggesting the left bias for red under prolonged viewing was likely unique to red. Furthermore, the leftward bias for red disappeared under brief viewing conditions. It is suggested that dorsal stream processing likely underlies visual field differences in pseudoneglect. (JINS, 2012,18, 251–259)
Introduction: nature at risk.
Authors: Storey K. B. , Tanino K. K. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the impact of global climate change on non-human life on Earth. It then discusses the huge consequences of a warming climate, be it natural and/or driven by human action. They include melting of polar ice caps, thawing of permafrost, a rise in sea level, shifting ocean currents, ocean acidification, altered weather patterns over continents (especially precipitation patterns), changes in the distribution of arable land, and changes in the habitats available for many plant and animal species including man.
On thin ice: marine mammals and climate change.
Authors: Castellini M. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

This chapter discusses the impact of climate change on ice-associated marine mammal habitat; and temperature regulation in marine mammals. It is suggested that climate-induced changes on the water temperatures of the ocean will have an impact on marine mammals. The impact may not happen directly on the physiology and biochemistry of the animals themselves, but through ecosystem alterations, ice platform changes and subsequent behavioural modifications.
Climate change and plant diseases.
Authors: Gaudet D. A. , Tronsmo A. M. , Laroche A. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

This chapter reviews the effects of climate change on diseases (focusing on those caused by fungi) in both natural (which include native forests, grasslands and other habitats) and managed ecosystems (that encompass agriculture, horticulture and some silviculture). It also examines the approaches and tools currently available for combating plant diseases (including the use of cultural and chemical control methods as as well as plant genetic resistance) and evaluate their future potential in mitigating losses predicted to increase as a result of climate change.
Biology, ecology and spread of the invasive weed Parthenium hysterophorus in India.
Authors: Batish D. R. , Kohli R. K. , Singh H. P. , Kaur G. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

This chapter covers the geographical distribution (including central Argentina, the West Indies, the Gulf of Mexico, China, Taiwan, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Vietnam, Pacific Islands, Africa, USA, Central America, Australia and India), morphology, ecological and biological traits (growth, survival, stress response and reproduction), invasiveness, allelopathic potential, environmental and agricultural impact, economic importance and management (chemical and biological control methods) of P. hysterophorus.
Ageratum conyzoides: an alien invasive weed in India.
Authors: Kaur S. , Batish D. R. , Kohli R. K. , Singh H. P. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

This chapter describes the geographical distribution, spread, habitat, invasive potential, ecological impact (i.e. to soil nutrients, native vegetation and biodiversity, humans and animals), chemical composition (volatile compounds and non-volatile compounds), uses (medicinal, insecticidal, bactericidal, antifungal and herbicidal properties), and management (physical, chemical and cultural control) of A. conyzoides.
Biology of Mikania micrantha H.B.K.: a review.
Authors: Tripathi R. S. , Khan M. L. , Yadav A. S. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

This chapter describes the geographical distribution (including Asia, and Central and South America), morphology, reproductive potential, growth, flowering, chemical composition, allelopathic effects, ecological impact, and management (biological and chemical methods) of M. micrantha.
Anthemis cotula L.: a highly invasive species in the Kashmir Himalaya, India.
Authors: Reshi Z. A. , Shah M. A. , Rashid I. , Rasool N. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

This chapter describes A. cotula invasion in Kashmir Himalaya, India, and its effects on above- and below-ground communities. Traits associated with its invasive potential (phenotypic variability, seed germination, seedling emergence, allelopathic potential, and mycorrhizal mutualism) are also described.
Invasive alien weeds of the Western Ghats: taxonomy and distribution.
Authors: Rao R. R. , Sagar K. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

This chapter describes the characteristics of invasive alien species that are associated with their invasive nature, factors influencing the introduction of invasive species, and ecological disturbance resulting from the introduction of invasive species. The taxonomy, morphology and geographical distribution of 42 invasive species in the Western Ghats region in India (i.e. classified under Amaranthaceae, Araceae, Butomaceae, Calceolariaceae, Caesalpiniaceae, Convolvulaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Melastomataceae, Mimosaceae, Papaveraceae, Pontederiaceae, Salviniaceae, Typhaceae and Verbenaceae) are briefly covered.
Status of alien plant invasions in the North-eastern region of India.
Authors: Shankar U. , Yadav A. S. , Rai J. P. N. , Tripathi R. S. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

This chapter describes the diversity of invasive alien species in the north-eastern region of India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim and Tripura, and the three northern districts in West Bengal, i.e. Darjeeling, Jalpaiguri and Coochbehar), their dominance patterns, and the mechanisms facilitating the dominance in agricultural systems, forest systems and grasslands/marginal lands.
Invasive alien weeds in the tropics: the changing pattern in the herbaceous flora of Meghalaya in North-east India.
Authors: Rao R. R. , Kavitha Sagar Kavitha Sagar 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

This chapter describes floristic changes, particularly in the herbaceous flora, that have occurred during recent years due to the introduction and spread of alien invasive weeds in Meghalaya and other states in north-east India. Factors favouring biological invasions are briefly covered. Some of the worst invasive weeds that have affected human health and the economic status of the tribal populations of the region are presented: Mikania micrantha, Lantana camara, Chromolaena odorata, Ageratina adenophora, Eichhornia crassipes, Galinsoga quadriradiata and Parthenium hysterophorus.
Risk assessment for management of biological invasions.
Authors: Reshi Z. A. , Irfan Rashid Irfan Rashid 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

This chapter describes a general risk analysis framework for biological invasions, which involves risk analysis for both invasive species and invaded habitats, and discusses its key elements, i.e. (i) problem formulation, (ii) analysis of exposure and effects, (iii) risk characterization and (iv) risk management. Trait-based risk assessment schemes and habitat suitability models for plant invasions are briefly covered. A risk assessment analysis for invasive plants in Kashmir Himalaya is presented.
Population dynamics of invasive alien species of Eupatorium.
Authors: Tripathi R. S. , Yadav A. S. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

This chapter describes the population dynamics of E. odoratum, E. adenophorum and E. riparium in Shillong, Meghalaya, India. The survival of seeds, seedlings and adult plants as affected by various environmental conditions, and factors affecting the population growth rate (such as burning and associated vegetation) are discussed.
Lantana mulching for soil fertility improvement, soil and water conservation and crop yield enhancement in rainfed rice in the Kumaun hills.
Authors: Kumar P. , Pant M. , Negi G. C. S. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

This chapter presents a study conducted in 2006-07 on the effects of the application of different combinations of three types of leaf litter (oak [Quercus], pine [Pinus] and Lantana) on soil fertility and rice yield under rainfed conditions in Kosi-Katarmal, Almora, Uttarakhand, India. The quantity of mulch materials applied to the experimental plots (surface mulching) just after sowing of rice in late May 2006 was: L1 (25% oak, 1.22 kg; 25% pine, 1.63 kg; and 50% Lantana, 2.07 kg); L2 (33% oak, 1.62 kg; 33% pine, 2.14 kg; and 33% Lantana, 1.37 kg); L3 (12.5% oak, 0.612 kg; 12.5% pine, 0.812 kg; and 75% Lantana, 3.11 kg); and L4 (100% Lantana, 4.116 kg). Three control (conventional tillage) plots were maintained as in the conventional practice of crop cultivation in the region involving farmyard manure (FYM) application (7.5 kg per plot). Four combinations of leaf litter mulch (oak, pine and Lantana), when applied to a mountain rainfed rice cropland, enhanced soil fertility and crop yield over the control (the traditional practice of crop cultivation using FYM). L4 resulted in the highest soil nutrient levels (organic C, total P, available N and microbial biomass), rate of N mineralization and crop yield (greater than than control by 34.0%). The results indicated that the application of Lantana leaves (high N and low C:N ratio compared with the traditionally used oak and pine leaves) at 1.7 t/ha (dry matter basis) presents a suitable alternative in soil fertility management in rainfed rice fields to achieve greater yields.
Woody, alien and invasive Prosopis juliflora (Swartz) D.C.: management dilemmas and regulatory issues in Gujarat.
Authors: Pandey C. N. , Pandey R. , Bhatt J. R. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

This chapter discusses the ecological impact, beneficial or otherwise, of P. juliflora in Banni grasslands, Jessore Wildlife Sanctuary, Velavadar National Park, Kachchh Great Indian Bustard Sanctuary and Little Rann Wild Ass Sanctuary in Gujarat, India, and describes the economic relevance of this invasive species to the people in the region. Policy and regulatory decisions concerning P. juliflora invasion in Gujarat are briefly covered.
Small RNA Profiling in Two Brassica napus Cultivars Identifies MicroRNAs with Oil Production- and Development-Correlated Expression and New Small RNA Classes
Authors: Zhao Ying-Tao , Wang Meng , Fu San-Xiong , Yang Wei-Cai , Qi Cun-Kou , Wang Xiu-Jie 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs are important regulators of plant development and seed formation, yet their population and abundance in the oil crop Brassica napus are still not well understood, especially at different developmental stages and among cultivars with varied seed oil contents. Here, we systematically analyzed the small RNA expression profiles of Brassica napus seeds at early embryonic developmental stages in high-oil-content and low-oil-content B. napus cultivars, both cultured in two environments. A total of 50 conserved miRNAs and 9 new miRNAs were identified, together with some new miRNA targets. Expression analysis revealed some miRNAs with varied expression levels in different seed oil content cultivars or at different embryonic developmental stages. A large number of 23-nucleotide small RNAs with specific nucleotide composition preferences were also identified, which may present new classes of functional small RNAs.
Persuasive design: a different approach to information systems (and information)
Authors: Hasle Per 
Published: December 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to introduce the theme issue on “Persuasive design”.Design/methodology/approachThis editorial describes the essential ideas and purposes of persuasive design (PD). PD's relation to other IT‐disciplines and rhetoric in general is discussed. A special emphasis is put on the possible wider implications for the concept of information.FindingsPD makes an important difference for information systems design. It is also an obvious part of a wider development towards user involvement. PD rests not only on persuasive techniques adapted to information systems, but also on overall information architecture. For that reason PD may be seen as having wider implications for the very ideas of information and information systems.Originality/valueThe introduction of the essential ideas of PD is per se mainly descriptive. The emphasis on the relation to rhetoric and the concomitant implications for library and information systems is largely original (when compared with other discussions of PD).
A standard procedure for Bradford analysis and its application to the periodical literature in systems librarianship
Authors: Xu Fei 
Published: December 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a standard procedure for Bradford analysis: export citations from research databases to a bibliographic management tool, separate the desired citation fields with bibliographic output styles, and then manipulate the empirical data, formulate graph and analyze linearity with Microsoft Excel.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology mainly employed by the paper is to test the theory of Bradford's law of scattering. Based on research work and experiments, a standard procedure for Bradford analysis is to be developed.FindingsA standard procedure for Bradford analysis is developed. The study also shows that the literature in systems librarianship follows Bradford distribution.Originality/valueMany fields or disciplines of literature have been found to follow Bradford's law, which seems to offer a great potential promise for solving library problems. However, empirical Bradford analysis demands tedious computation, and sophisticated graphical formulation. This paper develops an easy operational procedure for Bradford analysis, which will shed light on problem solving in a similar bibliometric analysis.
Developmental intervention, learning climate and use of knowledge in elderly care
Authors: Hauer Esther , Nordlund Annika M. , Westerberg Kristina 
Published: December 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the learning climate in elderly care, its potential improvements after the “Steps for skills”, and its influence on knowledge from formal training. The assumptions were: the different activities of the Steps for skills should enhance the perceived learning climate; differences in working conditions in home help and residential homes should influence the perceived learning climate and its improvements; and changes in the perception of the learning climate should bring changes in the perceived usefulness of new knowledge.Design/methodology/approachThe study is a case study carried out in the public elderly care in Sweden, and used a repeated measurements design. A total of 270 nursing assistants answered a questionnaire at Time I, and 174 at Time II.FindingsResults show no improvements of the learning climate for the full sample. When contrasting the learning climate in home help services and in residential homes significant differences are found, and also a tendency for their learning climate to change in opposite directions. The perception of the learning climate seems to influence the perceived usefulness of new knowledge.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample was from one single organization.Practical implicationsDevelopmental interventions should take in to consideration that context matters, and that the perceived learning climate influences the use of new knowledge.Originality/valueIn this study, a 15‐items learning climate scale (LCS) is presented. Another contribution is identifying working condition failure as a potential explanation to why interventions usually do not result in expected changes.
Framing numbers “at a distance”: intangible performance reporting in a theater
Authors: Sundström Andreas 
Published: December 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore how the framing of numbers may be related to the distance between the information provider and information users.Design/methodology/approachThe design of the paper is a case study, in an organizational situation where there are perceived problems in producing stable inscriptions for reporting to users at a distance. The study focuses on the top management level in a small‐sized publicly‐funded theater. The qualitative research design incorporates interviews, observations and document analysis.FindingsThe paper illustrates how knowledge and understanding of the circumstances of measurement form a substantial part of what constitutes “distance” between an accounting user and the referred context. It is argued that the framing of numbers may be utilized as a means to control action at a distance. The findings also imply that the use of measurements regarding intangibles may be perceived as useful for purposes beyond internal management.Originality/valueThe paper contributes in two ways to prior research on accountability relations and accounting as an enabler of action at a distance: it elaborates on what constitutes a distance, and it also adds an emphasis on reciprocal behavior by the provider of information in an accountability relation.