bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of the Paclitaxel-Eluting Stent and Tirofiban in Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Postfibrinolysis Angioplasty
Authors: Sánchez Pedro L. , Gimeno Federico , Ancillo Pablo , Sanz Juan J. , Alonso-Briales Juan H. , Bosa Francisco , Santos Ignacio , Sanchis Juan , Bethencourt Armando , López-Messa Juan , de Prado Armando Pérez , Alonso Joaquin J. , San Román J. Alberto , Fernández-Avilés Francisco 
Published: August 2010

Background—
A catheter-based approach after fibrinolysis is recommended if fibrinolysis is likely to be successful in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction. We designed a 2×2 randomized, open-label, multicenter trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the paclitaxel-eluting stent and tirofiban administered after fibrinolysis but before catheterization to optimize the results of this reperfusion strategy.

Methods and Results—

We randomly assigned 436 patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction to (1) bare-metal stent without tirofiban, (2) bare-metal stent with tirofiban, (3) paclitaxel-eluting stent without tirofiban, and (4) paclitaxel-eluting stent with tirofiban. All patients were initially treated with tenecteplase and enoxaparin. Tirofiban was started 120 minutes after tenecteplase in those patients randomly assigned to tirofiban. Cardiac catheterization was performed within the first 3 to 12 hours after inclusion, and stenting (randomized paclitaxel or bare stent) was applied to the culprit artery. The primary objectives were the rate of in-segment binary restenosis of paclitaxel-eluting stent compared with that of bare-metal stent and the effect of tirofiban on epicardial and myocardial flow before and after mechanical revascularization. At 12 months, in-segment binary restenosis was similar between paclitaxel-eluting stent and bare-metal stent (10.1% versus 11.3%; relative risk, 1.06; 95% confidence interval, 0.74 to 1.52;
P
=0.89). However, late lumen loss (0.04±0.055 mm versus 0.27±0.057 mm,
P
=0.003) was reduced in the paclitaxel-eluting stent group. No evidence was found of any association between the use of tirofiban and any improvement in the epicardial and myocardial perfusion. Major bleeding was observed in 6.1% of patients receiving tirofiban and in 2.7% of patients not receiving it (relative risk, 2.22; 95% confidence interval, 0.86 to 5.73;
P
=0.14).

Conclusions—
This trial does not provide evidence to support the use of tirofiban after fibrinolysis to improve epicardial and myocardial perfusion. Compared with bare-metal stent, paclitaxel-eluting stent significantly reduced late loss but appeared not to reduce in-segment binary restenosis.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00306228.
Deriving a Barthel Index from the Northwick Park Dependency Scale and the Functional Independence Measure: are they equivalent?
Authors: Turner-Stokes Lynne , Williams Heather , Rose Hilary , Harris Sarah , Jackson Diana 
Published: August 2010

Objective: To examine the extent of agreement between Barthel Index scores derived from Northwick Park Dependency Scores (NPDS) and the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) ratings, in an inpatient setting. Design and setting: Previously described conversion criteria were applied in a secondary analysis of a large existing dataset, gathered in a tertiary specialist inpatient neurorehabilitation unit. Subjects: Patients with neurological disabilities (N = 1347), mainly following acquired brain injury. Main measures: Comparison of Barthel scores derived from the NPDS (rated by nursing staff) and from parallel FIM scores (rated by the therapy team). Results: Very strong intraclass correlations were observed between the total scores (0.93, P<0.001); 95% limits of agreement ranged from —3.53 to 4.90. Item-by-item agreement (linear-weighted Cohen’s kappa coefficients) ranged from 0.41 to 0.77, which represents ‘moderate’ to ‘substantial’ agreement. A significant bias towards lower NPDS-derived scores (median 10 (interquartile range (IQR) 6—16) compared with median 11 (IQR 7—16) for the FIM-derived score; Wilcoxon z 11.60, P<0.001) was considered most likely to reflect actual differences in patient performance observed by therapy and nursing staff. Conclusions: This study demonstrates good overall agreement between the Barthel Index ratings derived from NPDS and FIM scores. However, scores may be affected by differential performance with nursing and therapy staff, and should not automatically be regarded as equivalent.
Anatomy of Lateral Patellar Instability
Authors: Balcarek Peter , Jung Klaus , Ammon Jan , Walde Tim Alexander , Frosch Stephan , Schüttrumpf Jan Philipp , Stürmer Klaus Michael , Frosch Karl-Heinz 
Published: August 2010

Background A trend toward young women being at greatest risk for primary and recurrent dislocation of the patella is evident in the current literature. However, a causative factor is missing, and differences in the anatomical risk factors between men and women are less defined. Purpose To identify differences between the sexes in the anatomy of lateral patellar instability. Study Design Case control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods Knee magnetic resonance images were collected from 100 patients treated for lateral patellar instability. Images were obtained from 157 patients without patellar instability who served as controls. Using 2-way analyses of variance, the influence of patellar dislocation, gender, and their interaction were analyzed with regard to sulcus angle, trochlear depth, trochlear asymmetry, patellar height, and the tibial tubercle—trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance. Mechanisms of injury of first-time dislocations were divided into high-risk, low-risk, and no-risk pivoting activities and direct hits. Results For all response variables, a significant effect was observed for the incidence of patellar dislocation (all P < .01). In addition, sulcus angle, trochlear asymmetry, and trochlear depth depended significantly on gender (all P < .01) but patellar height did not (P = .13). A significant interaction between patellar dislocation and gender was observed for the TT-TG distance (P = .02). The mean difference in TT-TG distance between study and control groups was 4.1 mm for women (P < .01) and 1.6 mm for men (P = .05). Low-risk and no-risk pivoting injuries were most common in women, whereas first-time dislocations in men occurred mostly during high-risk pivoting activities (P < .01). Conclusion The data from this study indicate that trochlear dysplasia and the TT-TG distance is more prominent in women who dislocate the patella. Both factors might contribute to an increased risk of lateral patellar instability in the female patient as illustrated by the fact that dislocations occurred most often during low-risk or no-risk pivoting activities in women.
‘Annihilating framing’: How Israeli television framed wounded soldiers during the Second Lebanon War (2006)
Authors: Gavriely-Nuri Dalia , Balas Tiki 
Published: August 2010

This article summarizes the findings of a case study conducted for the purpose of examining Israeli television coverage of wounded soldiers during the Second Lebanon War (2006). The findings indicate that this coverage dwelt on demonstrating the professionalism of the medical corps while blurring the injuries and personal suffering of the wounded soldiers. The theoretical claim made is that such coverage uses what we call annihilating framing. Annihilating framing aims to blur basic components of an object, phenomenon or event in order to exclude it from the public discourse and therefore from the public consciousness. The article examines the various ways by which political challenges are translated into media challenges and exposes the contribution of political and cultural mechanisms in shaping news frames. It also contributes another level to the research probing the reciprocities maintained between journalism and politicians during wartime.
Bone marrow macrophages maintain hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niches and their depletion mobilizes HSCs
Authors: Winkler Ingrid G. , Sims Natalie A. , Pettit Allison R. , Barbier Valérie , Nowlan Bianca , Helwani Falak , Poulton Ingrid J. , van Rooijen Nico , Alexander Kylie A. , Raggatt Liza J. , Lévesque Jean-Pierre 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
In the bone marrow, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in specific niches near osteoblast-lineage cells at the endosteum. To investigate the regulation of these endosteal niches, we studied the mobilization of HSCs into the bloodstream in response to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). We report that G-CSF mobilization rapidly depletes endosteal osteoblasts, leading to suppressed endosteal bone formation and decreased expression of factors required for HSC retention and self-renewal. Importantly, G-CSF administration also depleted a population of trophic endosteal macrophages (osteomacs) that support osteoblast function. Osteomac loss, osteoblast suppression, and HSC mobilization occurred concomitantly, suggesting that osteomac loss could disrupt endosteal niches. Indeed, in vivo depletion of macrophages, in either macrophage Fas-induced apoptosis (Mafia) transgenic mice or by administration of clodronate-loaded liposomes to wild-type mice, recapitulated the: (1) loss of endosteal osteoblasts and (2) marked reduction of HSC-trophic cytokines at the endosteum, with (3) HSC mobilization into the blood, as observed during G-CSF administration. Together, these results establish that bone marrow macrophages are pivotal to maintain the endosteal HSC niche and that the loss of such macrophages leads to the egress of HSCs into the blood.
Low-strength T-cell activation promotes Th17 responses
Authors: Purvis Harriet A. , Stoop Jeroen N. , Mann Jelena , Woods Steven , Kozijn Anne E. , Hambleton Sophie , Robinson John H. , Isaacs John D. , Anderson Amy E. , Hilkens Catharien M. U. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
We show that the strength of T-cell stimulation determines the capability of human CD4+ T cells to become interleukin-17 (IL-17) producers. CD4+ T cells received either high- (THi) or low (TLo)–strength stimulation via anti-CD3/CD28 beads or dendritic cells pulsed with superantigen in the presence of pro-Th17 cytokines IL-1β, transforming growth factor β, and IL-23. We found that TLo, but not THi, stimulation profoundly promoted Th17 responses by enhancing both the relative proportion and total number of Th17 cells. Titration of anti-CD3 revealed that low TCR signaling promoted Th17 cells, but only in the presence of anti-CD28. Impaired IL-17 production in THi cells could not be explained by high levels of Foxp3 or transforming growth factor β–latency-associated peptide expressed by THi cells. Nuclear factor of activated T cells was translocated to the nucleus in both THi and TLo cells, but only bound to the proximal region of the IL-17 promoter in TLo cells. The addition of a Ca2+ ionophore under TLo conditions reversed the pro-Th17 effect, suggesting that high Ca2+ signaling impairs Th17 development. Although our data do not distinguish between priming of naive T cells versus expansion/differentiation of memory T cells, our results clearly establish an important role for the strength of T-cell activation in regulating Th17 responses.
Prevalence of t(12;21)[ETV6-RUNX1]–positive cells in healthy neonates
Authors: Lausten-Thomsen Ulrik , Madsen Hans Ole , Vestergaard Therese Risom , Hjalgrim Henrik , Nersting Jacob , Schmiegelow Kjeld 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
t(12;21)(p13;q22)[ETV6-RUNX1] is the most common chromosomal translocation in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and it can often be backtracked to Guthrie cards supporting prenatal initiation and high levels of circulating t(12;21)-positive cells at birth. To explore the prevalence of ETV6-RUNX1–positive cells in healthy neonates, mononuclear cells from 1417 umbilical cord blood samples were isolated within 24 hours from birth and subsequently screened for ETV6-RUNX1 transcripts using a highly sensitive real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay. In first-run polymerase chain reaction, 14 samples were positive at levels below 10−5, of which specific hybridization reflecting the relevant genetic region was positive in 9 cases. Repeated analyses using stored mRNA and flowcytometric sorting of a CD19+, CD8+, and CD19−/CD8− subpopulations from cryopreserved mononuclear cells from the same cord blood samples (mean sorted: 18 × 106 cells) revealed no positive findings, which demonstrates that the level and/or frequency of ETV6-RUNX1–positive cells is markedly lower than suggested in previous studies.
Improvement in hematological, visceral, and skeletal manifestations of Gaucher disease type 1 with oral eliglustat tartrate (Genz-112638) treatment: 2-year results of a phase 2 study
Authors: Lukina Elena , Watman Nora , Arreguin Elsa Avila , Dragosky Marta , Iastrebner Marcelo , Rosenbaum Hanna , Phillips Mici , Pastores Gregory M. , Kamath Ravi S. , Rosenthal Daniel I. , Kaper Mathilde , Singh Tejdip , Puga Ana Cristina , Peterschmitt M. Judith 
Published: August 2010

AbstractEliglustat tartrate is an investigational oral substrate reduction therapy for Gaucher disease type 1 that is pharmacologically distinct from intravenous enzyme replacement therapy. Eliglustat tartrate improved clinical manifestations in patients who received 50 or 100 mg twice daily for 1 year during an open-label phase 2 study (Blood. 2010;116(6):893-899). We report further improvements after 2 years of treatment in 20 patients (11 females, 9 males; mean age, 33 years) with baseline splenomegaly and thrombocytopenia and/or anemia. Statistically significant (P < .001) percentage improvements from baseline occurred in platelet count (mean ± SD, 81% ± 56%), hemoglobin level (20% ± 15%), spleen volume (−52% ± 11%), and liver volume (−24% ± 13%). Mean platelet count increased ∼ 50 000/mm3. Mean hemoglobin level increased 2.1 g/dL overall and 3.1 g/dL in 10 patients with baseline anemia. Organ volume reductions were greatest in patients with severe baseline organomegaly. Seventeen (85%) patients met established therapeutic goals for ≥ 3 of the 4 parameters. Lumbar spine bone mineral density increased 7.8% ± 10.6% (P = .01) and T-score 0.6 ± 0.8 (P = .012), with major gains in osteoporotic and osteopenic patients. Magnetic resonance imaging assessment showed that bone marrow infiltration by Gaucher cells was decreased (8/18 patients) or stable (10/18 patients). No safety-related trends emerged during 2 years of treatment. This multisite, open-label, single-arm phase 2 study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00358150.
TOPSAN: a collaborative annotation environment for structural genomics
Authors: Weekes Dana , Krishna S Sri , Bakolitsa Constantina , Wilson Ian A , Godzik Adam , Wooley John 
Published: August 2010

Abstract

Background
Many protein structures determined in high-throughput structural genomics centers, despite their significant novelty and importance, are available only as PDB depositions and are not accompanied by a peer-reviewed manuscript. Because of this they are not accessible by the standard tools of literature searches, remaining underutilized by the broad biological community.

Results
To address this issue we have developed TOPSAN, The Open Protein Structure Annotation Network, a web-based platform that combines the openness of the wiki model with the quality control of scientific communication. TOPSAN enables research collaborations and scientific dialogue among globally distributed participants, the results of which are reviewed by experts and eventually validated by peer review. The immediate goal of TOPSAN is to harness the combined experience, knowledge, and data from such collaborations in order to enhance the impact of the astonishing number and diversity of structures being determined by structural genomics centers and high-throughput structural biology.

Conclusions
TOPSAN combines features of automated annotation databases and formal, peer-reviewed scientific research literature, providing an ideal vehicle to bridge a gap between rapidly accumulating data from high-throughput technologies and a much slower pace for its analysis and integration with other, relevant research.
Strong reproductive barriers in a narrow hybrid zone of West-Mediterranean green toads (Bufo viridissubgroup) with Plio-Pleistocene divergence
Authors: Colliard Caroline , Sicilia Alessandra , Turrisi Giuseppe Fabrizio , Arculeo Marco , Perrin Nicolas , Stöck Matthias 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackgroundOne key question in evolutionary biology deals with the mode and rate at which reproductive isolation accumulates during allopatric speciation. Little is known about secondary contacts of recently diverged anuran species. Here we conduct a multi-locus field study to investigate a contact zone between two lineages of green toads with an estimated divergence time of 2.7 My, and report results from preliminary experimental crosses.ResultsThe Sicilian endemicBufo siculusand the Italian mainland-originB. balearicusform a narrow hybrid zone east of Mt. Etna. Despite bidirectional mtDNA introgression over a ca. 40 km North-South cline, no F1hybrids could be found, and nuclear genomes display almost no admixture. Populations from each side of the contact zone showed depressed genetic diversity and very strong differentiation (FST= 0.52). Preliminary experimental crosses point to a slightly reduced fitness in F1hybrids, a strong hybrid breakdown in backcrossed offspring (F1x parental, with very few reaching metamorphosis) and a complete and early mortality in F2(F1x F1).ConclusionGenetic patterns at the contact zone are molded by drift and selection. Local effective sizes are reduced by the geography and history of the contact zone,B. balearicuspopulations being at the front wave of a recent expansion (late Pleistocene). Selection against hybrids likely results from intrinsic genomic causes (disruption of coadapted sets of genes in backcrosses and F2-hybrids), possibly reinforced by local adaptation (the ranges of the two taxa roughly coincide with the borders of semiarid and arid climates). The absence of F1in the field might be due to premating isolation mechanisms. Our results, show that these lineages have evolved almost complete reproductive isolation after some 2.7 My of divergence, contrasting sharply with evidence from laboratory experiments that some anuran species may still produce viable F1offspring after > 20 My of divergence.
Combination of genomic approaches with functional genetic experiments reveals two modes of repression of yeast middle-phase meiosis genes
Authors: Klutstein Michael , Siegfried Zahava , Gispan Ariel , Farkash-Amar Shlomit , Zinman Guy , Bar-Joseph Ziv , Simchen Giora , Simon Itamar 
Published: August 2010

Abstract

Background
Regulation of meiosis and sporulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a model for a highly regulated developmental process. Meiosis middle phase transcriptional regulation is governed by two transcription factors: the activator Ndt80 and the repressor Sum1. It has been suggested that the competition between Ndt80 and Sum1 determines the temporal expression of their targets during middle meiosis.

Results
Using a combination of ChIP-on-chip and expression profiling, we characterized a middle phase transcriptional network and studied the relationship between Ndt80 and Sum1 during middle and late meiosis. While finding a group of genes regulated by both factors in a feed forward loop regulatory motif, our data also revealed a large group of genes regulated solely by Ndt80. Measuring the expression of all Ndt80 target genes in various genetic backgrounds (WT, sum1Δ and MK-ER-Ndt80 strains), allowed us to dissect the exact transcriptional network regulating each gene, which was frequently different than the one inferred from the binding data alone.

Conclusion
These results highlight the need to perform detailed genetic experiments to determine the relative contribution of interactions in transcriptional regulatory networks.
Hippocampal CA1/subiculum-prefrontal cortical pathways induce plastic changes of nociceptive responses in cingulate and prelimbic areas
Authors: Nakamura Hiroyuki , Katayama Yoko , Kawakami Yoriko 
Published: August 2010

Abstract

Background
Projections from hippocampal CA1-subiculum (CA1/SB) areas to the prefrontal cortex (PFC), which are involved in memory and learning processes, produce long term synaptic plasticity in PFC neurons. We examined modifying effects of these projections on nociceptive responses recorded in the prelimbic and cingulate areas of the PFC.

Results
Extracellular unit discharges evoked by mechanical noxious stimulation delivered to the rat-tail and field potentials evoked by a single stimulus pulse delivered to CA1/SB were recorded in the PFC. High frequency stimulation (HFS, 100 Hz) delivered to CA1/SB, which produced long-term potentiation (LTP) of field potentials, induced long-term enhancement (LTE) of nociceptive responses in 78% of cases, while, conversely, in 22% responses decreased (long-term depression, LTD). These neurons were scattered throughout the cingulate and prelimbic areas. The results obtained for field potentials and nociceptive discharges suggest that CA1/SB-PFC pathways can produce heterosynaptic potentiation in PFC neurons. HFS had no effects on Fos expression in the cingulated cortex. Low frequency stimulation (LFS, 1 Hz, 600 bursts) delivered to the CA1/SB induced LTD of nociceptive discharges in all cases. After recovery from LTD, HFS delivered to CA1/SB had the opposite effect, inducing LTE of nociceptive responses in the same neuron. The bidirectional type of plasticity was evident in these nociceptive responses, as in the homosynaptic plasticity reported previously. Neurons inducing LTD are found mainly in the prelimbic area, in which Fos expression was also shown to be inhibited by LFS. The electrophysiological results closely paralleled those of immunostaining. Our results indicate that CA1/SB-PFC pathways inhibit excitatory pyramidal cell activities in prelimbic areas.

Conclusion
Pressure stimulation (300 g) applied to the rat-tail induced nociceptive responses in the cingulate and prelimbic areas of the PFC, which receives direct pathways from CA1/SB. HFS and LFS delivered to the CA1/SB induced long-term plasticity of nociceptive responses. Thus, CA1/SB-PFC projections modulate the nociceptive responses of PFC neurons.