bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wormlike Micelle Formation and Rheological Behavior in the Aqueous Solutions of Mixed Sulfate Gemini Surfactant without Spacer Group and Dodecyltrimethylammonium Bromide
Authors: Pei Xiaomei , Zhao Jianxi , You Yi , Liu Yufang , Wei Xilian 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe rheological behavior of the aqueous solutions of mixed sulfate gemini surfactant with no spacer group, referred to as d‐C12S, and dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (C12TABr) at a total concentration of 100 mmol·L−1 but different molar ratios of C12TABr to d‐C12S (α1) was investigated using steady rate and frequency sweep measurements. The wormlike micelles were formed over a narrow α1 range of 0.20–0.27. The viscoelastic solutions exhibited Maxwell fluid behavior. At the optimum molar ratio of 0.25, the zero‐shear viscosity was as high as 600 Pa·s and the length of the mixed wormlike micelle was about 0.45–0.85 µm. The present result provides an example to construct long wormlike micelles by anionic gemini surfactant.
Effect of Electrolytes and Polymers on the Thixotropy of Mg‐Al‐Layered Double Hydroxides/Kaolinite Dispersions
Authors: Dai Xiaonan , Hou Wanguo , Duan Hongdong 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe effect of electrolytes (NaCl and CaCl2) and polymers (CPAM and HPAM) on the thixotropy of Mg‐Al‐layered double hydroxide (LDHs)/kaolinite dispersions has been investigated. It was observed that the type of thixotropy in LDH/kaolinite dispersions may be affected by NaCl, but not by CaCl2 in range of concentration of interest. The type of thixotropy in LDH/kaolinite dispersion with R=0 transformed from positive thixotropy to complex thixotropy and at last positive thixotropy again with the concentration of NaCl in range of 0.00–0.10 mol·L−1; the type of thixotropy in LDHs/kaolinite dispersions with R=0.25 transformed from complex thixotropy to positive thixotropy and then complex thixotropy again with the concentration of NaCl in range of 0.00–0.10 mol·L−1. The type of thixotropy in LDH/kaolinite dispersion with R=0 may be not affected by cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) and hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM); but the LDHs/kaolinite dispersions with R=0.25 transformed from complex thixotropy to positive thixotropy with the both polymers concentration in range of interest, which indicated that the microstructure of the dispersion changed from weak folc sediments structure to steric network structure.
Reactivity of Schiff Base Manganese(III) Complexes with Different Pendants toward the Hydrolysis of p‐Nitrophenyl Picolinate
Authors: Jiang Weidong , He Xiyang , Wang Ying , Xu Bin , Li Jianzhang , Liu Fuan 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis paper describes the catalytic performance of two manganese(III) complexes with mono‐Schiff base ligands as artificial hydrolases towards the hydrolysis of p‐nitrophenyl picolinate (PNPP). Observations reveal that the one complex (MnL22Cl) containing morpholine pendants exhibits 1.2–1.7 fold kinetic advantage over the other one (MnL21Cl) containing benzoaza‐15‐crown‐5 group. Especially, optimum molecule structures using a Gaussian 03 software confirm that MnL22Cl indeed possesses a relatively open linked site for the approaching of PNPP, resulting in higher efficiency due to a convenient association between substrate (PNPP) and MnL22Cl. In addition, the steric hindrance of two pendants, i.e., benzoaza‐15‐crown‐5 and morpholine, may be a main influencing factor for tuning catalytic activities of the synthesized Mn(III) catalysts. Both Mn(III) catalysts used here were found to have fine tolerance to the operated temperature and pH. Related kinetic and thermodynamic analyses were also given to demonstrate their structure‐activity relationships (SAR) of both catalysts used.
CrCl3·6H2O/Hydrogenated Bis‐Schiff Base as a New Efficient Catalyst System for Synthesis of Bis(indoly) Methane
Authors: Yang Yonglei , Xie Zhengfeng , Wang Jide 
Published: October 2011

AbstractCrCl3·6H2O/hydrogenated bis‐Schiff base is found to be an effective catalyst system for synthesis of bis(indoly) methane via electrophilic addition reaction of indoles with aldehydes using acetonitrile as the solvent. The yields of isolated products are from good to excellent.
A model for the anisotropic response of fibrous soft tissues using six discrete fibre bundles
Authors: Flynn Cormac , Rubin M. B. , Nielsen Poul 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe development of constitutive models of fibrous soft‐tissues is a challenging problem. Many consider the tissue to be a collection of fibres with a continuous distribution function representing their orientations. A discrete fibre model is presented consisting of six weighted fibre‐bundles. Each bundle is oriented such that it passes through opposing vertices of a regular icosahedron. A novel aspect is the use of simple analytical distribution functions to simulate undulated collagen fibres. This approach yields closed‐form analytical expressions for the strain energy of the collagen fibre‐bundle that avoids the sometimes costly numerical integration of some statistical distribution functions. The elastin fibres are characterized by a modified neo‐Hookean type strain energy function which does not allow for fibre compression. The model accurately simulates biaxial stretching of rabbit‐skin (error‐of‐fit 8.7), uniaxial stretching of pig‐skin (error‐of‐fit 7.6), equibiaxial loading of aortic valve cusp (error‐of‐fit 0.8), and simple shear of rat septal myocardium (error‐of‐fit 8.9). It compares favourably with previous soft‐tissue models and alternative methods of representing undulated collagen fibres. Predicted collagen fibre stiffnesses range from 8.0thinspaceMPa to 930 MPa. Elastin fibre stiffnesses range from 2.0 kPa to 154.4 kPa. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cover Picture: Eur. J. Immunol. 11/11
Authors: Renoux Virginie M. , Bisig Bettina , Langers Inge , Dortu Estelle , Clémenceau Béatrice , Thiry Marc , Deroanne Christophe , Colige Alain , Boniver Jacques , Delvenne Philippe , Jacobs Nathalie 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe cover shows a modified electron microscopic image of HPV16‐virus‐like particle (HPV16‐VLP)‐internalization by NK cells. The colour added to the cover image is purely for aesthetic purposes and has no biological significance. The original, unmodified image is from Renoux et al. (pp. 3240–3252) in which the authors demonstrate that HPV16‐VLPs are taken up by NK cells by macropinocytosis. CD16 is shown to play a central role in the NK cell response to HPV16, being shown to be required for viral uptake, and for granzyme and cytokine release.
Postmenopausal estradiol–progestagen therapy and risk for uterine cervical cancer
Authors: Jaakkola Susanna , Pukkala Eero , K.Lyytinen Heli , Ylikorkala Olavi 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association of postmenopausal estradiol–progestagen therapy (EPT) with the risk for precancerous lesions, squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix. All Finnish women who had used EPT in 1994–2008 for at least 6 months (n = 243,857) at the age of 50 years or more were identified from the national Medical Reimbursement Registry and linked to the Finnish Cancer Registry. The incidence of cervical precancerous or cancerous lesions among EPT users was compared to that in the background population. There were 210 EPT users with squamous lesions (178 with precancerous and 32 with cancer) and 79 EPT users with glandular lesions (14 precancerous and 65 adenocarcinomas). The ever use of EPT did not associate with the incidence of precancerous lesions, but the risk for squamous cell carcinoma decreased (standardized incidence ratio 0.41; 95% confidence interval 0.28–0.58) and that for adenocarcinoma increased (1.31; 1.01–1.67). After the use of EPT for 5 years, the risk for squamous cell carcinoma decreased (0.34; 0.16–0.65), and the risk for adenocarcinomas increased (1.83; 1.24–2.59). The prolonged use of EPT is associated with the occurrence of cervical malignancies. If the association would be a causal one, the use for 5+ years among 10,000 women followed for 10 years would mean about two to three fewer cases of cervical squamous cell carcinoma but about two extra cases with adenocarcinoma.
What It Is They Do: Differentiating Knowledge and Literacy Practices Across Content Disciplines
Authors: Johnson Holly , Watson Patricia A. , Delahunty Tina , McSwiggen Patrick , Smith Tara 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis study addresses the gap that exists between literacy educators’ knowledge of content disciplines and the literacy strategies often suggested for use in content classrooms. The authors worked with disciplinary experts in mathematics and geography to understand the differences that exist in their conceptions of the disciplines and what it means to be literate in them. Study results were categorized into themes, which include “major understandings of the field,” “literacy in the discipline,” and “practice of the discipline.” Further subcategories include texts used in the discipline; the types of strategies used to become literate in the discipline, and the types of questions addressed within the discipline. Implications for teachers and teacher candidates are also addressed.
The effect of ascorbic acid on the distribution of soluble Cr and Co ions in the blood and organs of rats
Authors: Afolaranmi Grace A. , Helen Grant M. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTMetal ions (Cr and Co) are released from metal orthopaedic implants in situ. We investigated tissue dissemination of Cr III, Cr VI and Co II ions in the body, and determined if administration of ascorbic acid (AA) affected their in vivo distribution using rats as a model system. Organs of rats treated with both Cr (VI) and Co (II) have higher metal ion levels when compared with control levels in the organs of rats without metal treatment. The reduced form of chromium, Cr III, is reported to be relatively impermeant to cell membranes in vitro, and in line with this, Cr III did not distribute into the organs of the rats after administration in vivo. Potent in vitro reduction of Cr (VI) to Cr III by AA was observed in this study. Prior intraperitoneal injection of AA lowered tissue uptake of both Cr VI and Co II, and increased faecal excretion, but not to a significant extent. AA may only be effective in increasing elimination of Cr VI at high concentrations when plasma reduction is saturated, and may be of limited therapeutic use in patients with orthopaedic implants. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevalence of congenital cytomegalovirus infection in Slovenia: A study on 2,841 newborns
Authors: Paradiž Katarina Rednak , Seme Katja , Puklavec Evelin , Paro‐Panjan Darja , Poljak Mario 
Published: October 2011

AbstractHuman cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most frequent cause of congenital infection in humans. In the first prevalence study of congenital CMV infection in Eastern and Central Europe, all neonates born in a 22‐month period in two Slovenian maternity units (total of 2,841 newborns) were screened prospectively for congenital CMV infection by a real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in urine. In all newborns with positive screening results, plasma and dried blood spots (DBS) collected at birth were tested additionally for CMV DNA. Congenital CMV infection was confirmed by virus isolation from a urine sample collected within the first 2 weeks of life. Congenital CMV infection was identified in four out of 2,841 newborns tested (incidence 0.14%; 95% CI, 0.05–0.39%). In four newborns with confirmed congenital infection, the concentration of CMV DNA in urine ranged from 4.68 to 8.18 log10 copies/ml, all four newborns had detectable CMV DNA in plasma taken at birth (1.26–3.34 log10 copies/ml) and two out of four had detectable CMV DNA in DBS collected during newborn metabolic screening. None of the four newborns with confirmed congenital CMV infection was symptomatic. The study showed that the prevalence of congenital CMV infection at birth in Slovenia is among the lowest in the world and that CMV DNA PCR testing of urine is a suitable and affordable real‐time screening strategy for congenital CMV infection. If it is performed in 24 mini‐pools, the cost of screening is 1.4 €/newborn and the cost of detecting a single newborn with congenital CMV infection 1,000 €. J. Med. Virol. 84:109–115, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Conductive Polymer for Elevated Temperature Applications Based on Sodium Sulfosuccinate Coupled Poly(ethylene glycol)s
Authors: Zimmerer Cordelia , Nagel Jürgen , Steiner Gerald , Heinrich Gert 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSodium sulfosuccinate coupled poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) (S–PEG–SS) conductive polymers for hot melt adhesives are synthesized from PEG, maleic anhydride, and sodium hydrogen sulphite using a one‐pot three‐step reaction. Infrared spectroscopy and 1H NMR spectroscopy are used to characterize the molecular structure and to determine the yield of esterification. S–PEG150–SS has the highest yield of esterification, whereas S–PEG2000–SS provides the lowest yield of esterification. Gel permeation chromatography and shear viscosity measurements are applied to characterize multiple condensation products and to describe the viscoelastic properties. The results reveal that the viscoelastic properties and the conductivity depend on molar mass of esterified PEG, on the degree of condensation, and on the concentration of ions.
α2‐Agonisten in Anästhesie und Intensivmedizin
Authors: Tonner Peter H. , Paris Andrea 
Published: October 2011

Abstractα2‐Agonisten spielen heute eine wichtige Rolle in der Anästhesie und Intensivmedizin. Bei sachgemäßem Einsatz sind die Nebenwirkungen substanzspezifisch und vorhersehbar. Die Kombination aus sedierenden und analgetischen Eigenschaften bei gleichzeitig fehlender Atemdepression und Glättung des hämodynamischen Profils durch sympatholytische Eigenschaften machen dies Substanzklasse heute zu einer wichtigen Bereicherung des pharmakologischen Armamentariums in der Anästhesie und Intensivmedizin.
Quality Assessment of Commercial Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex by 1H‐NMR‐based Metabolomics and HPLC Methods
Authors: Jiang Yong , Vaysse Julie , Gilard Véronique , Balayssac Stéphane , Déjean Sébastien , Malet‐Martino Myriam , David Bruno , Fiorini Christel , Barbin Yves 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe quality control of Magnoliae officinalis Cortex, a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine, is currently based on the assay of the two active compounds, honokiol and magnolol, by TLC or HPLC.ObjectiveTo compare 1H‐NMR‐based metabolomics with the HPLC method for controlling the quality of Magnoliae officinalis Cortex. To identify the metabolites contributing to the differences between the samples and to discriminate different medicinal parts and geographic origins of these samples by 1H‐NMR‐based metabolomics.Methodology1H‐NMR and several multivariate analysis techniques were applied to analyse the extracts of 18 batches of Magnoliae officinalis Cortex commercial samples, and the contents of honokiol and magnolol in these samples were determined by HPLC. The correlation analysis between the data from 1H‐NMR and HPLC was performed with the mixOmics software based on an unsupervised method.ResultsHonokiol and magnolol were the main compounds responsible for the discrimination of samples from different batches, thus proving that the choice of these two compounds as markers for quality assessment by HPLC is relevant. The two sources of Magnoliae officinalis Cortex recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Magnolia officinalis and Magnolia officinalis var. biloba, could be differentiated from 1H‐NMR data, but the pattern recognition analysis by PLS‐DA was unsuccessful in discriminating samples from various geographical origins.ConclusionThe combination of 1H‐NMR that gives a comprehensive profile of the metabolites and HPLC that targets two biomarkers is an efficient means for a better quality control of Magnoliae officinalis Cortex. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inactivation of Bacillus subtilis Spores in Water by a Direct‐Current, Cold Atmospheric‐Pressure Air Plasma Microjet
Authors: Sun Peng , Wu Haiyan , Bai Na , Zhou Haixia , Wang Ruixue , Feng Hongqing , Zhu Weidong , Zhang Jue , Fang Jing 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBacillus subtilis spores suspended in distilled water was effectively inactivated in 6 min by a direct‐current atmospheric pressure non‐thermal air plasma microjet. Scanning electron microscopic images show clear distortion and debris of spores after plasma treatment. Direct contribution by temperature and pH change of water as well as relatively long lived species in plasma activated water (PAW) is excluded. Short lived species (such as •OH, •O and O2(1Δg)) are detected in the plasma‐water system by electron spin resonance spectroscopy, and are considered to be the most important agents in the inactivation process.magnified image
Global impact of asthma on children and adolescents' daily lives: The room to breathe survey
Authors: Wildhaber Johannes , Carroll William D. , Brand Paul L.P. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo establish children and adolescents' perspectives regarding their asthma and its impact upon their daily lives.DesignA 14‐item questionnaire.SettingCanada, Greece, Hungary, The Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and South Africa.ParticipantsChildren/adolescents (aged 8–15 years) with physician‐diagnosed asthma.InterventionInterviews were conducted by telephone (Canada, Greece, Hungary, The Netherlands, and the United Kingdom) or face‐to‐face (South Africa).Outcome MeasuresAsthma symptoms, impact on activities, and quality of life.ResultsOf the 943 children/adolescents interviewed, 60% were male. Most (81%) described their asthma as “not too bad” or “I only get it every now and then,” with only 4% reporting their asthma as being “very bad”; however, 92% experienced asthma‐related coughing and 59% reported nocturnal awakening. Over half (57%) of children/adolescents believed they could predict when their asthma would make them ill; the most common initial symptoms being breathlessness (41%) and bad cough (33%). They considered the worst things about having asthma to be the symptoms of an asthma attack (32%) and not being able to play sport (25%). Almost half (47%) of children/adolescents felt that their asthma affected their ability to play sport or engage in physical activity. One in ten reported they had suffered asthma‐related bullying.ConclusionsChildren/adolescents underestimate the severity of their asthma, and overestimate its control, indicating that they expect their illness to be symptomatic. Asthma has a substantial impact on their daily lives, particularly on physical activity and social functioning. Efforts are required to improve asthma control and expectations of health in children/adolescents. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012; 47:346–357. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prenatal cigarette smoke exposure and postnatal respiratory responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia
Authors: Pendlebury Jonathan D. , Yusuf Kamran , Bano Shehr , Lumb Kathleen J. , Schneider Jennifer M. , Hasan Shabih U. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPrenatal cigarette smoke (CS) exposure, in combination with hypoxia and/or hyperthermia can lead to gasping and attenuated recovery from hypoxia in 7 days old rat pups. We studied 95 unanesthetized spontaneously breathing 14 days old rat pups to investigate if the destabilizing effects of increased ambient temperature and prenatal CS exposure on respiratory control observed in 7 days old rats were still evident at day 14. This postnatal age was selected as it is beyond the analogous risk period for SIDS in human. Furthermore, we investigated if the breathing responses to hypercapnia are affected by prenatal CS exposure. Since high ambient (HA) temperature can lead to gasping and aberrant respiratory control, we recorded respiratory patterns at low (24–25°C) and high (29–30°C) ambient temperatures, and under hypoxic or hypercapnic states. No gasping was observed in 14 days old rat pups. During hypoxia, breathing frequency increased in the CS‐exposed group under low and HA temperatures. Rectal temperature decreased only in the sham group in response to low ambient temperature hypoxia. At HA temperature, breathing frequency increased in both sham and CS‐exposed groups during hypercapnia, however, it remained elevated during washout period only in the sham group. We demonstrate that prenatal CS exposure continues to have profound effects on respiratory and thermoregulatory responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia at day 14. The attenuated respiratory and thermoregulatory responses to acute hypoxia and hypercapnia on day 14 demonstrate a strong interaction between CS exposure, respiratory control, and thermoregulation during postnatal maturation. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012; 47:487–497. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Significance of Remyelination by Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells Transplanted into the Injured Spinal Cord
Authors: Yasuda Akimasa , Tsuji Osahiko , Shibata Shinsuke , Nori Satoshi , Takano Morito , Kobayashi Yoshiomi , Takahashi Yuichiro , Fujiyoshi Kanehiro , Hara Chikako Miyauchi , Miyawaki Atsuhi , Okano Hirotaka James , Toyama Yoshiaki , Nakamura Masaya , Okano Hideyuki 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPrevious reports of functional recovery from spinal cord injury (SCI) in rodents and monkeys after the delayed transplantation of neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PCs) have raised hopes that stem cell therapy could be used to treat SCI in humans. More research is needed, however, to understand the mechanism of functional recovery. Oligodendrocytes derived from grafted NS/PCs remyelinate spared axons in the injured spinal cord. Here, we studied the extent of this remyelination's contribution to functional recovery following contusive SCI in mice. To isolate the effect of remyelination from other possible regenerative benefits of the grafted cells, NS/PCs obtained from myelin-deficient shiverer mutant mice (shi-NS/PCs) were used in this work alongside wild-type NS/PCs (wt-NS/PCs). shi-NS/PCs behaved like wt-NS/PCs in vitro and in vivo, with the exception of their myelinating potential. shi-NS/PC-derived oligodendrocytes did not express myelin basic protein in vitro and formed much thinner myelin sheaths in vivo compared with wt-NS/PC-derived oligodendrocytes. The transplantation of shi-NS/PCs promoted some locomotor and electrophysiological functional recovery but significantly less than that afforded by wt-NS/PCs. These findings establish the biological importance of remyelination by graft-derived cells for functional recovery after the transplantation of NS/PCs into the injured spinal cord. STEM CELLS 2011;29:1983–1994.
Putting the Fun Back Into Fluency Instruction
Authors: Cahill Mary Ann , Gregory Anne E. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBased on recent research in fluency instruction, the authors present a scenario in which a teacher focuses her fluency instruction on authentic fluency tasks based in performance. Beginning with establishing a student‐friendly definition of fluency and culminating with student engagement in fun fluency activities, this article explores the possibilities for bringing joy back into repeated reading practice. Directions for creating a fun fluency kit for classroom use are included.