bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Dual Function Organoclay Sorbent for Lead and Chlorobenzene
Authors: Sheng Guangyao , Boyd Stephen A. , Xu Shihe 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTo demonstrate the concept of organoclays with dual sorptive properties, carboxylic group‐bearing carboxydecyltriethylammonium [(HOOC)C10H20N(C2H5)3]+ cations (CDTEA) were used to substitute exchangeable inorganic cations of montmorillonite. Sorption of Pb2+ and chlorobenzene was examined as a function of pH and over a range of equilibrium concentrations at constant pH. The dual sorptive properties of CDTEA‐montmorillonite were compared with those of its nonfunctionalized analogue, decyltrimethylammonium(DTMA)‐montmorillonite, and with Na‐montmorillonite. The infrared spectra showed bands corresponding to the carboxylic acid group and alkyl chain of CDTEA in CDTEA‐montmorillonite. Titration of CDTEA‐montmorillonite with NaOH indicated the existence of two distinct types of acidity originating from the native acid groups of the clay and the carboxylic groups of CDTEA. Sorption of Pb2+ by CDTEA‐montmorillonite was much higher than that by Na‐montmorillonite. Complete removal of 0.00724 cmol L‐1 (15 mg L‐1) of Pb2+ by CDTEA‐montmorillonite occurred at pH 5 and above, but this was not achieved by Na‐montmorillonite, regardless of pH. Pb2+ sorption by DTMA‐montmorillonite was lower than that by Na‐montmorillonite. These results indicate that Pb2+ is effectively bound to carboxylic groups of CDTEA. Sorption of chlorobenzene by CDTEA‐montmorillonite was comparable to that by DTMA‐montmorillonite. These results indicate that CDTEA‐montmorillonite possesses dual sorptive properties for both heavy metals and organic contaminants. Neither Na‐ nor DTMA‐montmorillonite were effective sorbents for both types of contaminants. The simultaneous removal of Pb2+ and chlorobenzene by CDTEA‐montmorillonite and the non‐competitive nature of the sorption processes each suggest the potential utility of such functionalized organoclays in the treatment of water contaminated by both heavy metals and organic chemicals.
Naphthalene Sorption to Organic Soil Materials Studied with Continuous Stirred Flow Experiments
Authors: de Jonge Hubert , Heimovaara Timo J. , Verstraten J. M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractEstimation of sorption‐desorption kinetics of hydrophobic contaminants in soils and sediments is a prerequisite for assessing the risk of hazardous compounds and for studying the feasibility of bioremediation treatments. Naphthalene sorption studies were carried out with four organic soil materials, using a batch sorption technique and a continuously stirred flow (CSF) cell. Reproducibility of the CSF experiments was tested (root mean squared error = 0.074), and an experiment with different inputs showed that experimental results were independent of input pulse length (RMSE = 0.090). Single‐particle and multi‐particle linear driving force models and bicontinuum models were tested. When the sorption coefficient Kom was fixed at the values obtained from the batch experiments, the RMSE modeling error increased with increasing N2 surface area, SN2, of the soil materials. The high RMSE for soil materials with a high N2 surface area was the result of strong sorption‐desorption non‐singularity, most probably due to a larger fraction of the applied naphthalene diffusing to “slow” sorption sites. A dual resistance sorption model was able to accurately describe the data (average RMSE = 0.143) with two free parameters. However, parameter uncertainty resulted from the simultaneous optimization of the rate parameter, α, and Kom. The combination of batch sorption experiments, input‐response experiments, and model exercises give supporting evidence that sorption kinetics of hydrophobic organic compounds to soil OM are controlled by (i) rapid pore diffusion toward SN2 (α ≈ 0.1 h‐1) and (ii) slow diffusion into the soil organic matter structure (α ≈ 0.01–0.001 h‐1).
Statistical Analysis of Published Carbon‐13 CPMAS NMR Spectra of Soil Organic Matter
Authors: Mahieu N. , Randall E. W. , Powlson D. S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe have collected solid‐state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data from the published literature (76 papers) and from our own results on 311 whole soils, physical fractions (25 clay‐, 43 silt‐, and 52 sand‐size fractions) and chemical extracts (208 humic and 66 fulvic acids). Our purpose was to see whether a comprehensive analysis of data on >300 soils that ranged in organic C content from 0.42 to 53.9% would show any universal influence of management practice on the chemical composition of soil organic matter (SOM). The relative abundance of functional groups was calculated for the following chemical shift regions: 0–50 ppm (alkyls), 50–110 ppm (O‐alkyls), 110–160 ppm (aromatics), and 160–200 ppm (carbonyls). There was a remarkable similarity between all soils with respect to the distribution of different forms of C despite the wide range of land use (arable,grassland, uncultivated, forest), climate (from tropical rainforest to tundra), cropping practice, fertilizer or manure application, and the different spectrometer characteristics and experimental conditions used. Functional groups in whole soils were always in the same abundance order despite the generally wide proportion range: O‐alkyls (a mean of 45% of the spectrum, increasing with soil C content), followed by alkyls (mean 25%), aromatics (mean 20%), and finally carbonyls (mean 10%, decreasing with soil C content). Humic and fulvic acids contained much smaller proportions of O‐alkyls than whole soils (means of 26%). Clay‐size fractions were the most different from whole soils, being more aliphatic (+8%). Sand‐size fractions generally gave very similar results to whole soils.
A Non-Dimensional Analysis of Hemodialysis
Authors: Bonert Michael , Saville Bradley A 
Published: July 2010

Background:
Non-dimensional analysis is a powerful approach that can be applied to multivariate problems to better understand their behaviour and interpret complex interactions of variables. It is has not been rigorously applied to the parameters that define renal dialysis treatments and may provide insight into the planning of hemodialysis treatments.

Methods:
Buckingham’s non-dimensional approach was applied to the parameters that define hemodialysis treatments. Non-dimensional groups were derived with knowledge of a mass transfer model and independent of it. Using a mass transfer model, the derived non-dimensional groups were plotted to develop an understanding of key relationships governing hemodialysis and toxin profiles in patients with end-stage renal disease.

Results:
Three non-dimensional groups are sufficient to describe hemodialysis, if there is no residual renal function (RRF). The non-dimensional groups found represent (1) the number of half-lives that characterize the mass transfer, (2) the toxin concentration divided by the rise in toxin concentration without dialysis for the cycle time (the inverse of the dialysis frequency), and (3) the ratio of dialysis time to the cycle time. If there is RRF, one additional non-dimensional group is needed (the ratio between cycle time and intradialytic elimination rate constant). Alternate non-dimensional groups can be derived from the four unique groups.

Conclusions:
Physical interpretation of the non-dimensional groups allows for greater insight into the parameters that determine dialysis effectiveness. This technique can be applied to any toxin and facilitates a greater understanding of dialysis treatment options. Quantitative measures of dialysis adequacy should be based on dimensional variables.
Something Black in the American Psyche: Formal Innovation and Freudian Imagery in the Comics of Winsor McCay and Robert Crumb
Authors: Shannon Edward A. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract: Winsor McCay's Little Nemo in Slumberland anticipates Robert Crumb's work. McCay's innocent dreamscapes seem antithetical to the sexually explicit work of anti-capitalist Crumb, but Nemo looks forward to Crumb in subject and form. Nemo's presentation of class, gender, and race, and its pre-Freudian sensibility are ironic counterpoints to Crumb's political, Freudian comix.
The structure, biological activity and biogeochemistry of cryoconite aggregates upon an Arctic valley glacier: Longyearbreen, Svalbard
Authors: Hodson Andy , Cameron Karen , Bøggild Carl , Irvine-Fynn Tristram , Langford Harry , Pearce Dave , Banwart Steven 
Published: July 2010

AbstractGlacier surfaces support unique microbial food webs dominated by organic and inorganic debris called ‘cryoconite’. Observations from Longyearbreen, Spitsbergen, show how these aggregate particles can develop an internal structure following the cementation of mineral grains (mostly quartz and dolomite) by filamentous microorganisms. Measurements of carbon and dissolved O2show that these microorganisms, mostly cyanobacteria, promote significant rates of photosynthesis (average 17 μgC g−1d−1) which assist aggregate growth by increasing the biomass and producing glue-like extracellular polymeric substances. The primary production takes place not only upon the surface of the aggregates but also just beneath, due to the translucence of the quartz particles. However, since total photosynthesis is matched by respiration (average 19 μgC g−1d−1), primary production does not contribute directly to cryoconite accumulation upon the glacier surface. The microorganisms therefore influence the surface albedo most by cementing dark particles and organic debris together, rather than simply growing over it. Time-lapse photographs show that cryoconite is likely to reside upon the glacier for years as a result of this aggregation. These observations therefore show that a better understanding of the relationship between supraglacial debris and ablation upon glaciers requires an appreciation of the biological processes that take place during summer.
Modelled mass balance of Xibu glacier, Tibetan Plateau: sensitivity to climate change
Authors: Caidong Caidong , Sorteberg Asgeir 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDue to a lack of in situ measurements, model-based studies of glacier mass balance in the Tibetan Plateau are very limited. An energy-balance model is applied to analyse the mass-balance sensitivity of Xibu glacier, in the Nyainqêntanglha mountain range, to climatic change. A sensitivity calculation shows that a temperature change of ±1°C or a precipitation change of ±35% changes the equilibrium-line altitude (ELA) by 140 ± 125 m. We use a clustering method to link local weather parameters, including wet-season temperatures, to weather types observed over the period 1955–2006. Modelled variability of the Xibu glacier mass balance seems to be controlled by air-temperature variations during the wet season (May–September) and by a long-term warming trend that is unrelated to weather type. The observed wet-season temperature trend of 0.23°C (10 a)−1 leads to an estimated lengthening of the ablation season by 8 days at the glacier terminus (5000 m a.s.l.) and by 23 days at the ELA (5590 m a.s.l.) over the period 1966–2005. The calculated rise in the ELA was 49 m (10 a)−1.
A Case When the Fiber of the Double Suspension is the Double Loops on Anick's Space
Authors: Theriault Stephen D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe fiber Wn of the double suspension S2n–1 → Ω2S2n+1 is known to have a classifying space BWn. An important conjecture linking the EHP sequence to the homotopy theory of Moore spaces is that BWn ≃ ΩT2np+1(p), where T2np+1(p) is Anick's space. This is known if n = 1. We prove the n = p case and establish some related properties.
The effects of prayer on organizational life: A phenomenological study
Authors: Vasconcelos Anselmo Ferreira 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThere is substantial evidence showing that it is not uncommon for workers to face, for example, unfriendly relationships, poor organizational climate, and aggressive bosses in their work settings. While self-help readings, relaxation exercises, yoga, mentalization therapies and psychological counseling help to address workers' reactions, this paper focuses on prayer and its effects, through a phenomenological study. The results indicate that the sample members usually pray everyday and/or many times during the day. The majority of them seek for some form of celestial support, like to express gratitude to some deity, and believe that there is no right place or time to pray. The findings show that the average time that is spent on praying varies. Further, prayer is also seen as a form of communication with a divine power and it is also regarded as beneficial to deal with tasks, colleagues' relationships, negative emotions and spiritual vibrations at work settings, among other things.
Development and validation of the brief‐satisfaction with appearance scale for systemic sclerosis
Authors: Jewett Lisa R. , Hudson Marie , Haythornthwaite Jennifer A. , Heinberg Leslie , Wigley Fredrick M. , Baron Murray , Thombs Brett D. ,   The Canadian Scleroderma Research Group
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjectiveBody image concerns are understudied in systemic sclerosis (SSc; scleroderma). The objective was to develop and cross‐validate a brief version of the Satisfaction with Appearance Scale (SWAP) in order to reduce item redundancy, increase SSc relevancy, and improve the feasibility of body image assessment in SSc.MethodsFemale patients with SSc in a development sample (Johns Hopkins Scleroderma Center) and a validation sample (Canadian Scleroderma Research Group Registry) completed the 14‐item SWAP. Items for the 6‐item Brief‐SWAP were selected based on theoretical considerations and psychometric data from the development sample. In both samples, internal consistency reliability, convergent validity, and the hypothesized 2‐factor structure (perceived social impact and subjective dissatisfaction) were compared between the Brief‐SWAP and SWAP.ResultsTwo hundred seventeen women from the development sample and 654 women from the validation sample completed the SWAP. Cronbach's alpha for the Brief‐SWAP was 0.82 in both samples, compared with 0.90 and 0.91 for the full SWAP. Correlations between the Brief‐SWAP and SWAP were 0.94 and 0.95 in the development and validation samples, respectively. All correlations of the Brief‐SWAP and SWAP with measures of convergent validity were substantively equal with no statistically significant differences in either sample. Based on confirmatory factor analysis, model fit for the Brief‐SWAP was good in the development (χ2[4] = 9.0, comparative fit index [CFI] = 0.99, Tucker‐Lewis Index [TLI] = 0.99, root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.07) and validation samples (χ2[4] = 19.5, CFI = 0.99, TLI = 0.99, RMSEA = 0.08) and better than for the SWAP.ConclusionThe Brief‐SWAP is a reliable and valid measure of body image dissatisfaction and social discomfort in SSc that is shorter and more feasibly implemented than the SWAP.
Azathioprine in severe uveitis of Behçet's disease
Authors: Saadoun D. , Wechsler B. , Terrada C. , Hajage D. , Le Thi Huong D. , Resche‐Rigon M. , Cassoux N. , Le Hoang P. , Amoura Z. , Bodaghi B. , Cacoub P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy and tolerance of azathioprine in severe uveitis related to Behçet's disease (BD).MethodsWe reported 157 consecutive patients with severe uveitis (active posterior uveitis or panuveitis) fulfilling the international criteria for BD and treated with corticosteroids (0.5–1 mg/kg/day) and azathioprine (2.5 mg/kg/day). Long‐term outcome and factors associated with complete remission were assessed.ResultsMean ± SD age at diagnosis was 29.9 ± 10.1 years, with 71.3% men. At baseline, 59 patients (37.6%) had loss of useful vision, 54 (34.4%) had retinal vasculitis, 66 (42.0%) had panuveitis, and 132 (84.1%) had bilateral uveitis. Following azathioprine therapy, 81 patients (51.6%) were complete responders, 65 (41.4%) were partial responders, and 11 (7%) were nonresponders. The visual acuity significantly improved (P < 0.001), and a significant decrease in the mean oral prednisone dosage (55.3 to 10.5 mg/day; P < 0.001) was observed after therapy. Patients with retinal vasculitis (odds ratio [OR] 0.45 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.2–0.9], P = 0.02) and severe visual loss (OR 0.28 [95% CI 0.2–0.7], P < 0.0001) at diagnosis were less likely to be complete responders. Azathioprine was well tolerated, with only 3 withdrawals due to hepatotoxic effects (n = 2) and bacterial septicemia (n = 1).ConclusionAzathioprine represents an effective and safe therapy in patients with severe uveitis of BD.
Syntheses and characterization of a new class of mono‐ and heterodinuclear derivatives of boron derived from Schiff bases
Authors: Sharma Priyanka , Vajpayee Vaishali , Sharma Jyoti , Singh Yashpal 
Published: July 2010

AbstractReactions of 2‐isopropoxy‐1, 3, 2‐ benzodioxaborole with equivalent amounts of Schiff base ligands having two hydroxyl groups (1a–3a) yield mononuclear derivatives with one residual hydroxy group. The reactions of these mononuclear derivatives with hexamethyldisilazane in a 2:1 ratio yield heterodinuclear derivatives. All these newly synthesized derivatives have been characterized by elemental analyses and molecular weight measurements. Tentative structures have been proposed on the basis of IR and NMR (1H, 13C, 11B,29Si)spectral data and Fab‐mass studies. Schiff bases and their corresponding mono‐ and heterodinuclear derivatives of boron have also been screened for antifungal activities. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
(Z)‐1,2‐bis(ethoxydimethylsilyl)arylethenes as new building blocks for organic synthesis
Authors: Pawluc Piotr , Hreczycho Grzegorz , Szudkowska Justyna , Franczyk Adrian , Marciniec Bogdan 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA new efficient synthetic protocol for highly stereoselective synthesis of (Z)‐1,2‐bis(ethoxydimethylsilyl)arylethenes from vinylsilanes based on sequential ruthenium‐catalyzed silylative coupling‐palladium‐catalyzed Heck coupling is reported. Reactivity of title compounds towards carbon electrophiles in the catalytic desilylative arylation is discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sorption of carbon dioxide by ionic liquid‐based sorbents
Authors: Bi Wentao , Zhu Tao , Park Dong Wha , Row Kyung Ho 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIonic liquids and ionic liquid‐based materials were emerging as sorbents for carbon dioxide capture. Amino‐imidazolium materials, a kind of sorbents, were synthesized and characterized for the sorption of carbon dioxide. The ionic liquid‐modified materials have higher sorption capacity of carbon dioxide than the unmodified sorbents. The effects of pressure and temperature were investigated. The adsorbed amount of carbon dioxide increased with the increasing pressure and the ionic liquid‐based polymer show higher sorption efficiency than that of ionic liquid‐based silica. Copyright © 2010 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microencapsulation and application of fluorine‐free water repellent agent‐AH102
Authors: Li Yonghai , Cai Zaisheng 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFluorine‐free water repellent agent, AH102, was microencapsulated by interfacial polymerization with polyurethane as shell material to restrict its hydrolysis and improve its dispersibility in water. The appearance of the resultant microcapsules was characterized with optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. Chemical structure of microcapsules was identified with Fourier‐transforming infrared spectrometer. The size and size distribution of the microcapsules were determined by laser particle size analyzer. The thermal property of the microcapsules was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis. The stability and dispersibility of the microcapsules in aqueous medium were characterized by evaluating the static water contact angles of the treated cotton fabrics with the emulsions of unencapsulated and microencapsulated AH102 at different storage intervals. The results showed that AH102 was successfully encapsulated and its stability and dispersibility in water were greatly improved. As expected, the emulsion of the microencapsulated AH102 became more stable than that of the unencapsulated one at water repellence to cotton fabric with increasing storage intervals. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Effect of oxidized polypropylene as a new compatibilizer on the water absorption and mechanical properties of wood flour–polypropylene composites
Authors: Najafi Saeed Kazemi , Bahra Alireza , Abdouss Majid 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe effect of oxidized polypropylene (OPP) as new compatibilizer on the water absorption and mechanical properties of wood flour–polypropylene (PP) composites were studied and compared with maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP). The oxidation of PP was performed in the molten state in the presence of air. Wood flour, PP, and the compatibilizers (OPP and MAPP) were mixed in an internal mixer at temperature of 190°C. The amorphous composites removed from the mixer were then pressed into plates that had a nominal thickness of 2 mm and nominal dimensions of 15 × 15 cm2 with a laboratory hydraulic hot press at 190°C. Physical and mechanical tests showed that the wood flour–PP composites with OPP exhibited higher flexural and impact properties but lower water absorption than MAPP. All of the composites with 2% compatibilizers (OPP and MAPP) gave higher flexural and impact properties and lower water absorption compared to those with 4% compatibilizers. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Thermal and mechanical properties of wood flour–polystyrene blends from postconsumer plastic waste
Authors: Lisperguer Justo , Bustos Ximena , Saravia Yanina 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPolystyrene (PS) from packing materials and plastic cups was reinforced with 30 and 50% wood flour through a blending process with and without a commercial compatibilizing agent. The processability of the pure recycled polystyrene (rPS) and wood–rPS composites was studied in terms of the torque of the mixing process; this was then compared with that of a commercial virgin multipurpose PS. The physical and mechanical properties were compared with those of the virgin PS reinforced with 30 and 50% wood flour. The results show that the mechanical properties of the pure and reinforced rPS did not decrease with respect to the virgin PS, and in terms of the impact strength, the rPS was superior to the virgin plastic. The mechanical properties were not affected by the commercial compatibilizing agent, but the torque of the blends was significantly lower with the compatibilizer. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis were used to study the glass‐transition temperature (Tg) of both the pure virgin PS and pure rPS and the wood flour–PS composites. The Tg values of the rPS and wood–rPS composites were higher than those of the virgin PS and wood–virgin PS composites. The use of rPS increased the stiffness and flexural modulus of the composites. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the thermal stability of rPS and its composites was slightly greater than that of the virgin PS and its composites. These results suggest that postconsumer PS can be used to obtain composite materials with good mechanical and thermal properties. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011