bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of the CO2 Sensing Pathway Via Differential Expression of Carbonic Anhydrase in Cryptococcus neoformans
Authors: Kim Min Su , Ko Young-Joon , Maeng Shinae , Floyd Anna , Heitman Joseph , Bahn Yong-Sun 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) sensing and metabolism via carbonic anhydrases (CAs) play pivotal roles in survival and proliferation of pathogenic fungi infecting human hosts from natural environments due to the drastic difference in CO2 levels. In Cryptococcus neoformans, which causes fatal fungal meningoencephalitis, the Can2 CA plays essential roles during both cellular growth in air and sexual differentiation of the pathogen. However the signaling networks downstream of Can2 are largely unknown. To address this question, the present study employed comparative transcriptome DNA microarray analysis of a C. neoformans strain in which CAN2 expression is artificially controlled by the CTR4 (copper transporter) promoter. The PCTR4∷CAN2 strain showed growth defects in a CO2-dependent manner when CAN2 was repressed but resumed normal growth when CAN2 was overexpressed. The Can2-dependent genes identified by the transcriptome analysis include FAS1 (fatty acid synthase 1) and GPB1 (G-protein β subunit), supporting the roles of Can2 in fatty acid biosynthesis and sexual differentiation. Cas3, a capsular structure designer protein, was also discovered to be Can2-dependent and yet was not involved in CO2-mediated capsule induction. Most notably, a majority of Can2-dependent genes were environmental stress-regulated (ESR) genes. Supporting this, the CAN2 overexpression strain was hypersensitive to oxidative and genotoxic stress as well as antifungal drugs, such as polyene and azole drugs, potentially due to defective membrane integrity. Finally, an oxidative stress-responsive Atf1 transcription factor was also found to be Can2-dependent. Atf1 not only plays an important role in diverse stress responses, including thermotolerance and antifungal drug resistance, but also represses melanin and capsule production in C. neoformans. In conclusion, this study provides insights into the comprehensive signaling networks orchestrated by CA/CO2-sensing pathways in pathogenic fungi.
Implant Installation With Ridge Augmentation Using Autogenous Bone Harvested From an Adjacent Site
Authors: Park Jun-Beom 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
In general, autogenous bone is the most predictable material of choice for augmentation procedure. However, the autogenous bone graft procedure requires an additional surgical wound, and the amount of graft is limited because of the donor site. In this case, autogenous corticocancellous bone cores were harvested adjacent to the implant surgical site and the defect, which was distal to the implant surface, was treated with autogenous bone and deproteinized bovine bone. The implant-supported prosthesis was functioning well up to 6 months without any probing depth or gingival inflammation.
Cooling Profile Following Prosthetic Preparation of 1-Piece Dental Implants
Authors: Cohen Omer , Gabay Eran , Machtei Eli E. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of water irrigation on heat dissipation kinetics following abutment preparation of 1-piece dental implants. UNO 1-piece dental implants were mounted on Plexiglas apparatus clamping the implant at the collar. T-type thermocouple was attached to the first thread of the implant and recorded thermal changes at 100 millisecond intervals. Implants were prepared using highspeed dental turbine at 400 000 RPM with a coarse diamond bur. Once temperature reached 47°C, abutment preparation was discontinued. Thirty implants were divided into 2 groups. Group A: Passive cooling without water irrigation. Group B: Cooling with turbine's water spray adjacent to the implant (30 mL/min). The following parameters were measured: T47 (time from peak temperature to 47°C), T50%, T75% (time until the temperature amplitude decayed by 50% and 75%, respectively), dTemp50%/dt decay, and dTemp75%/dt decay (cooling rate measured at 50% and 75% of amplitude decay, respectively). Water spray irrigation significantly reduced T47 (1.37 ± 0.29 seconds vs 19.97 ± 3.06 seconds, P &lt; 0.0001), T50% (3.04 ± 0.34 seconds vs 27.37 ± 2.56 seconds, P &lt; 0.0001), and T75% (5.71 ± 0.57 seconds vs 57.61 ± 5.47 seconds, P &lt; 0.0001). Water spray irrigation also increased cooling capacity ninefold: dTemp50%/dt decay (4.14 ± 0.61°C/s vs 0.48 ± 0.06°C/s, P &lt; 0.0001), and dTemp50%/dt decay (1.70 ± 0.29°C/s vs 0.19 ± 0.03°C/s, P &lt; 0.0001). The continuous use of water spray adjacent to the abutment following the cessation of implant preparation might prove beneficial for rapid cooling of the implant.
Efficacy of Primary Prevention Interventions When Fasting and Postglucose Dysglycemia Coexist
Authors: Ramachandran Ambady , Arun Nanditha , Shetty Ananth Samith , Snehalatha Chamukuttan 
Published: June 2010

OBJECTIVE
Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) have different pathophysiological abnormalities, and their combination may influence the effectiveness of the primary prevention tools. The hypothesis was tested in this analysis, which was done in a pooled sample of two Indian Diabetes Prevention Programmes (IDPP-1 and IDPP-2).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Researchers analyzed and followed up on the details of 845 of the 869 IGT subjects in the two studies for 3 years. Incidence of diabetes and reversal to normoglycemia (normal glucose tolerance [NGT]) were assessed in group 1 with baseline isolated IGT (iIGT) (n = 667) and in group 2 with IGT + IFG (n = 178). The proportion developing diabetes in the groups were analyzed in the control arm with standard advice (IDPP-1) (n = 125), lifestyle modification (LSM) (297 from both), metformin (n = 125, IDPP-1), and LSM + metformin (n = 121, IDPP-1) and LSM + pioglitazone (n = 298, IDPP-2). Cox regression analysis was used to assess the influence of IGT + IFG versus iIGT on the effectiveness of the interventions.

RESULTS
Group 2 had a higher proportion developing diabetes in 3 years (56.2 vs. 33.6% in group 1, P = 0.000) and a lower rate of reversal to NGT (18 vs. 32.1%, P = 0.000). Cox regression analysis showed that effectiveness of intervention was not different in the presence of fasting and postglucose glycemia after adjusting for confounding variables.

CONCLUSIONS
The effectiveness of primary prevention strategies appears to be similar in subjects with iIGT or with combined IGT + IFG. However, the possibility remains that a larger study might show that the effectiveness is lower in those with the combined abnormality.
Effect of Paternal Diabetes on Pre-Diabetic Phenotypes in Adult Offspring
Authors: Penesova Adela , Bunt Joy C. , Bogardus Clifton , Krakoff Jonathan 
Published: June 2010

OBJECTIVE
Paternal and maternal type 2 diabetes, exclusive of gestational diabetes, may influence risk factors in the offspring differently (through possible epigenetic effects of parental diabetes) and are difficult to identify without accurate dates of diagnosis. We aimed to examine a metabolic phenotype in three different groups of offspring to see distinct paternal versus maternal effects.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We examined body composition and insulin action (M) in nondiabetic subjects and insulin secretion tested via acute insulin response (AIR) in normal glucose-tolerant full-heritage Pima Indian adults categorized by disparate parental diabetes status: 1) offspring of fathers with early-onset diabetes (age &lt;35 years) and nondiabetic mothers (ODF; n = 10), 2) offspring of mothers with early-onset diabetes (age &lt;35 years), not exposed to diabetes in utero with nondiabetic fathers (OMED; n = 11), and 3) a control group of offspring of parents without diabetes until &gt;50 years of age (CON; n = 15).

RESULTS
ODFs were leaner than CONs and OMEDs (percent of body fat [%BF]: least-squares means adjusted for age and sex [95% CI]: 27.3 [23.3–31.3] in ODFs vs. 35.4 [32.2–38.5] in CONs and 32.4 [28.8–36.1] in OMEDs, P = 0.04). ODFs were more insulin sensitive (had a higher M) than OMEDs or CONs, but not after adjustment for age, sex, and %BF. AIR adjusted for M, age, sex, and %BF was lower in ODFs versus CONs and OMEDs (P &lt; 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
Adult ODFs were leaner and had lower early insulin secretion, despite being equally insulin sensitive after adjustment for body fat compared to the other groups, indicating a paternal imprinted effect.
Statistical approximation of Baskakov and Baskakov-Kantorovich operators based on the q-integers
Authors: Mahmudov Nazim 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn the present paper we introduce and investigate weighted statistical approximation properties of a q-analogue of the Baskakov and Baskakov-Kantorovich operators. By using a weighted modulus of smoothness, we give some direct estimations for error in the case 0 < q < 1.
The Mechanical Transient Process at Asynchronous Motor Oscillating Mode
Authors: Antonovičs Uldis , Bražis Viesturs , Greivulis Jānis 
Published: June 2010

The Mechanical Transient Process at Asynchronous Motor Oscillating ModeThe research object is squirrel-cage asynchronous motor connected to single-phase sinusoidal. There are shown, that by connecting to the stator windings a certain sequence of half-period positive and negative voltage, a motor rotor is rotated, but three times slower than in the three-phase mode. Changing the connecting sequence of positive and negative half-period voltage to stator windings, motor can work in various oscillating modes. It is tested experimentally. The mechanical transient processes had been researched in rotation and oscillating modes.
Solid insulation drying of 110 kV paper-oil instrument transformers
Authors: Gavrilovs Gerards , Vītoliņa Sandra 
Published: June 2010

Solid insulation drying of 110 kV paper-oil instrument transformersInfluence of moisture on the instrument transformers' paper-oil insulation and its further maintenance is described in this paper. Improved insulation drying method using vacuum and temperature regulation with definite regulation algorithm of parameters is proposed and analyzed by comparing it with conventional drying method.
Determination and analysis of synchronous motor's parameters
Authors: Mesņajevs Aleksandrs , Zviedris Andrejs 
Published: June 2010

Determination and analysis of synchronous motor's parametersIn this work the parameters of synchronous machines are analyzed- direct-axis reaction Xad and quadrature-axis reaction Xaq. Methods of calculation in view of magnetic system's and its element's saturation are presented.It is shown that definition of these reactances, using as a basis a two-reaction method, is not correct and connected with work demanding chart analyzing calculations.The new approach to the qualitative and quantitative analysis of synchronous machine's operating modes which is based on consecutive use of the magnetic field's theory is offered, without it with two-reaction parameters Xad and Xaq. This approach is realized by means of a magnetic field's modeling using numerical methods with help of modern computers.
Operation Modes of HV/MV Substations
Authors: Survilo Josifs , Kutjuns Antons 
Published: June 2010

Operation Modes of HV/MV SubstationsA distribution network consists of high voltage grid, medium voltage grid, and low voltage grid. Medium voltage grid is connected to high voltage grid via substations with HV/MV transformers. The substation may contain one, mostly two but sometimes even more transformers. Out of reliability and expenditure considerations the two transformer option prevail over others mentioned. For two transformer substation, there may be made choice out of several operation modes: 1) two (small) transformers, with rated power each over 0.7 of maximum substation load, permanently in operation; 2) one (big) transformer, with rated power over maximum substation load, permanently in operation and small transformer in constant cold reserve; 3) big transformer in operation in cold season, small transformer-in warm one. Considering transformer load losses and no load losses and observing transformer loading factor β it can be said that the mode 1) is less advantageous. The least power losses has the mode 3). There may be singled out yet three extra modes of two transformer substations: 4) two big transformers in permanent operation; 5) one big transformer permanently in operation and one such transformer in cold reserve; 6) two small transformers in operation in cold season of the year, in warm season-one small transformer on duty. At present mostly two transformers of equal power each are installed on substations and in operation is one of them, hence extra mode 5). When one transformer becomes faulty, it can be changed for smaller one and the third operation mode can be practiced. Extra mode 4) is unpractical in all aspects. The mode 6) has greater losses than the mode 3) and is not considered in detail. To prove the advantage of the third mode in sense of power losses, the notion of effective utilization time of power losses was introduced and it was proven that relative value of this quantity diminishes with loading factor β. The use of advantageous substation option would make it possible to save notable amount of electrical energy but smaller transformer lifetime of this option must be taken into account as well.
Analysis of Gate Drivers for Overvoltage Suppression in Matrix Converters for Integrated Drives
Authors: Sokolovs Alvis , Galkins Ilja 
Published: June 2010

Analysis of Gate Drivers for Overvoltage Suppression in Matrix Converters for Integrated DrivesThis paper describes commutation overvoltage suppression methods by means of gate voltage and current control. Power IGBT gate drive circuits are compared in order to estimate the most compact and efficient topology in terms of gate charge and discharge current. Suggestions for further development of such drivers are made.
Development of a Modular Power Converter
Authors: Stepanov A. , Biesenieks L. , Sokolovs A. , Galkin I. 
Published: June 2010

Development of a Modular Power ConverterThis report describes the most important details of elaboration of a versatile power module that can be utilized as a part of various converters. Two or more modules connected together can form a frequency converter or multilevel converter or 3-phase inverter/rectifier etc. Initially the module was developed for fast prototyping of uninterruptible power supplies and energy systems with alternative energy sources. The module can be used also as a basis for laboratory equipment of the power electronics course.
Low Cost Embedded Controlled Full Bridge LC Parallel Resonant Converter
Authors: Chandrasekhar P. , Reddy S. 
Published: June 2010

Low Cost Embedded Controlled Full Bridge LC Parallel Resonant ConverterIn this paper the converter requirements for an optimum control of an electrolyser linked with a DC bus are analyzed and discussed. An electrolyser is a part of renewable energy system which generates hydrogen from water electrolysis. The hydrogen generating device is part of a complex system constituted by a supplying photovoltaic plant, the grid and a fuel cell battery. The characterization in several operative conditions of an actual industrial electrolyser is carried out in order to design and optimize the DC/DC converter. A dedicated zero voltage switching DC/DC converter is presented and simulated inside the context of the distributed energy production and storage system. The proposed supplying converter gives a stable output voltage and high circuit efficiency in all the proposed simulated scenarios. The adopted DC/DC converter is realized in a full-bridge topology technique in order to achieve zero voltage switching for the power switches and to regulate the output voltage. This converter has advantages like high power density, low EMI and reduced switching stresses. The simulation results are verified with the experimental results.
Comparison and Choice of Supply and Driver Unit for Power LED Luminary
Authors: Galkin Ilya , Avotinsh Ansis , Suzdalenko Alexander , Ribickis Leonids 
Published: June 2010

Comparison and Choice of Supply and Driver Unit for Power LED Luminarythe given paper estimates LED lighting technology in the context of development of Riga city illumination system. The main content of the presented report is the analysis of the photometrical and electrical performance of power LEDs at different supply and driving conditions. Possible configurations of the LED luminaries are described, as well as experimentally tested and compared. Conclusions regarding the further development of the LED luminaries are made.
Automatic Measurement for Internal Resistance of Battery in Uninterruptible Power Source
Authors: Mezitis Mareks , Karevs Vladimirs 
Published: June 2010

Automatic Measurement for Internal Resistance of Battery in Uninterruptible Power SourceThis paper considers the approach to the measurement of internal resistance of the battery in the uninterruptible power sources (UPSs [1]). Advantages of the approach are the measurements in power supplies without switching-off the battery, simplicity in realization of algorithm.The basic expressions of the theory used in the method about internal resistance of the storage battery are considered.The function chart of construction of an analog part of the scheme, and also algorithm of action of the scheme of logic of decision-making are considered.Construction of the tracing generator of load, the important part in realization of the method is stated. The use of the analog machine for processing of the results of measurements and a differential method of measurement with the purpose of increase the accuracy of the method is offered.
A Sensorless Speed Control System for DC Motor Drives
Authors: Georgiev Tsolo , Mikhov Mikho 
Published: June 2010

A Sensorless Speed Control System for DC Motor DrivesAn approach to sensorless speed control of permanent magnet DC motor drives is presented in this paper. The motor speed has been estimated indirectly by the respective back EMF voltage. Using a discrete vector-matrix description of the controlled object, an optimal modal state observer has been synthesized, as well as an optimal modal controller. The results obtained show that the applied control method can ensure good performance.
Control of Comfort Parameters in Interior of Railway Coach Using ANN and RFID Tasks
Authors: Beinarts Ivars , Levchenkov Anatoly 
Published: June 2010

Control of Comfort Parameters in Interior of Railway Coach Using ANN and RFID TasksThe main idea of this paper is to use methods of ANN (artificial neural network) and RFID (radio frequency identification) to create an algorithm and coordination mechanism for climate parameters control in the railway passengers' coach to save an electrical energy and keep a high comfort level in the passengers' interior of railway coach. The article presents mathematical problem using intelligent control of HVAC (heating, ventilation and air conditioning) systems for microclimate parameters optimal control. The methods of the problem solving and the structure of problem solving algorithm are given in the article.
Patterns of cord, placental and post‐delivery maternal malaria parasitemia
Authors: Oringanje Chioma , Meremikwu Martin , Ogar Bam , Okon Asikpo , Udoh Albert 
Published: June 2010

AbstractMalaria transmission is high and perennial in south‐east Nigeria and is associated with a high burden of morbidity and mortality in children under 5 years and pregnant women. It is associated with maternal anemia, placental infection, intrauterine growth retardation and low birth weight. To evaluate the status of malaria in pregnancy in Cross River State, Nigeria, we assessed the prevalence rates of maternal, cord and placental malaria parasitemia in the dry and rainy seasons for 626 consecutively recruited pregnant women who delivered at two rural and two urban health facilities. Demographic data were obtained at delivery and maternal, placental and cord blood samples were collected and examined for malaria parasites by light microscopy. Of the mother and infant pairs, 120 (19.2%), 69 (14.7%) and 62 (13.5%), respectively, had positive maternal, placental and cord blood parasitemia. Parasitemia rates in the rainy season were higher than in the dry season (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in maternal, placental and cord parasitemia between urban and rural areas. The prevalence rates of parasitemia at delivery indicate high malaria transmission and poor control during pregnancy.
HIV-Specific IL-21 Producing CD4+ T Cells Are Induced in Acute and Chronic Progressive HIV Infection and Are Associated with Relative Viral Control
Authors: Yue Feng Yun , Lo Calvin , Sakhdari Ali , Lee Erika Yue , Kovacs Colin M. , Benko Erika , Liu Jun , Song Haihan , Jones R. Brad , Sheth Prameet , Chege Duncan , Kaul Rupert , Ostrowski Mario A. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
We examined the role of CD4+ T cell IL-21 production in viral control of HIV infection. HIV-infected individuals had greater circulating IL-21–producing CD4+ T cells in blood compared with uninfected volunteers. HIV-specific IL-21–producing CD4+ T cells were detected in blood during untreated acute and chronic HIV infection, and elevated frequencies of these cells correlated with relative viral control. These cells had an effector memory or end effector phenotype and expressed CXCR5. HIV-specific CD8+ T cells exhibited high levels of IL-21R, indicating sensitivity to IL-21. Low or aviremic long-term nonprogressors, however, showed absent or low HIV-specific IL-21 CD4+ T cells, but more easily detectable HIV-specific IL-2–producing CD4+ T cells, suggesting changing requirements for particular γ-chain cytokines depending on Ag abundance. Thus, IL-21–producing CD4+ T cells are induced in viremic HIV infection and likely contribute to viral control by affecting CD8+ T cell maintenance.
Purinergic Receptor Inhibition Prevents the Development of Smoke-Induced Lung Injury and Emphysema
Authors: Cicko Sanja , Lucattelli Monica , Müller Tobias , Lommatzsch Marek , De Cunto Giovanna , Cardini Silvia , Sundas William , Grimm Melanine , Zeiser Robert , Dürk Thorsten , Zissel Gernot , Boeynaems Jean-Marie , Sorichter Stephan , Ferrari Davide , Di Virgilio Francesco , Virchow J. Christian , Lungarella Giuseppe , Idzko Marco 
Published: June 2010

AbstractExtracellular ATP acts as a “danger signal” and can induce inflammation by binding to purinergic receptors. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is one of the most common inflammatory diseases associated with cigarette smoke inhalation, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. In this study, we show that endogenous pulmonary ATP levels are increased in a mouse model of smoke-induced acute lung inflammation and emphysema. ATP neutralization or nonspecific P2R-blockade markedly reduced smoke-induced lung inflammation and emphysema. We detected an upregulation the purinergic receptors subtypes on neutrophils (e.g., P2Y2R), macrophages, and lung tissue from animals with smoke-induced lung inflammation. By using P2Y2R deficient (−/−) animals, we show that ATP induces the recruitment of blood neutrophils to the lungs via P2Y2R. Moreover, P2Y2R deficient animals had a reduced pulmonary inflammation following acute smoke-exposure. A series of experiments with P2Y2R−/− and wild type chimera animals revealed that P2Y2R expression on hematopoietic cell plays the pivotal role in the observed effect. We demonstrate, for the first time, that endogenous ATP contributes to smoke-induced lung inflammation and then development of emphysema via activation of the purinergic receptor subtypes, such as P2Y2R.