bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Xanthoangelols isolated from Angelica keiskei inhibit inflammatory‐induced plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI‐1) production
Authors: Ohkura Naoki , Nakakuki Yoshitaka , Taniguchi Masahiko , Kanai Shiho , Nakayama Akiko , Ohnishi Katsunori , Sakata Toshiyuki , Nohira Tomoyoshi , Matsuda Juzo , Baba Kimiye , Atsumi Gen‐ichi 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe folk medicine Angelica keiskei (Ashitaba) exhibits antitumor, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities and it has recently attracted attention as a health food. Ashitaba is thought to have antithrombotic properties, but this has not yet been scientifically proven. The elevation of plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI‐1), an inhibitor of fibrinolysis results in a predisposition to the risk of thrombosis. The present study showed that Ashitaba exudates injected intraperitoneally and orally administered over long‐term suppressed the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced PAI‐1 increase in mouse plasma. We also found that xanthoangelol, xanthoangelols B and D, the components of Ashitaba exudates, significantly inhibited TNFα‐induced PAI‐1 production from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). These findings suggest that Ashitaba can decrease elevated PAI‐1 production, and that daily consumption of Ashitaba product might maintain anticoagulant status by inhibiting elevations in PAI‐1 under inflammatory conditions.
Selective decontamination of the oral and digestive tract in surgical versus non-surgical patients in intensive care in a cluster-randomized trial
Authors: Melsen W G , de Smet A M G A , Kluytmans J A J W , Bonten M J M 
Published: October 2011

Abstract

Background
Selective digestive decontamination (SDD) and selective oropharyngeal decontamination (SOD) are effective in improving survival in patients under intensive care. In this study possible differential effects in surgical and non-surgical patients were investigated.

Methods
This was a post hoc subgroup analysis of data from a cluster-randomized multicentre trial comparing three groups (SDD, SOD or standard care) to quantify effects among surgical and non-surgical patients. The primary study outcome was 28-day mortality rate. Duration of mechanical ventilation, duration of intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital length of stay, and bacteraemia rates were secondary outcomes.

Results
The subgroup analyses included a total of 2762 surgical and 3165 non-surgical patients. Compared with standard care, adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for mortality were comparable in SDD-treated surgical and non-surgical patients: 0·86 (95 per cent confidence interval 0·69 to 1·09; P = 0·220) and 0·85 (0·70 to 1·03; P = 0·095) respectively. However, duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU stay and hospital stay were significantly reduced in surgical patients who had SDD. SOD did not reduce mortality compared with standard treatment in surgical patients (adjusted OR 0·97, 0·77 to 1·22; P = 0·801); in non-surgical patients it reduced mortality (adjusted OR 0·77, 0·63 to 0·94; P = 0·009) by 16·6 per cent, representing an absolute mortality reduction of 5·5 per cent with number needed to treat of 18.

Conclusion
Subgroup analysis found similar effects of SDD in reducing mortality in surgical and non-surgical ICU patients, whereas SOD reduced mortality only in non-surgical patients. The hypothesis-generating findings mandate investigation into mechanisms between different ICU populations.
Neuroimaging features of xeroderma pigmentosum group A
Authors: Ueda Takehiro , Kanda Fumio , Aoyama Nobukazu , Fujii Masahiko , Nishigori Chikako , Toda Tatsushi 
Published: October 2011

AbstractXeroderma pigmentosum group A (XPA) is a hereditary dermatological disease in which hypersensitivity to ultraviolet radiation and various neurological symptoms are observed. In this study, to evaluate the degeneration occurring in the brain of XPA patients, neurological examinations by an established neurologist and 3‐Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed in 10 Japanese XPA patients. MRI studies included diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in addition to conventional sequences. Neurological examinations revealed various deteriorations in the both central and peripheral nervous systems in all subjects. MRI studies demonstrated age‐dependent decline in multimodalities. Severe brain atrophy in conventional sequences, decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) value in DTI, and reduced NAA/Cre ratio in MRS were observed in the adult patients. Multimodal MRI studies unmask the neurological deterioration in XPA patients.
Synthetic Small Molecules for Epigenetic Activation of Pluripotency Genes in Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts
Authors: Pandian Ganesh N. , Shinohara Ken‐ichi , Ohtsuki Akimichi , Nakano Yusuke , Masafumi Minoshima , Bando Toshikazu , Nagase Hiroki , Yamada Yasuhiro , Watanabe Akira , Terada Naohiro , Sato Shinsuke , Morinaga Hironobu , Sugiyama Hiroshi 
Published: October 2011

AbstractConsidering the essential role of chromatin remodeling in gene regulation, their directed modulation is of increasing importance. To achieve gene activation by epigenetic modification, we synthesized a series of pyrrole–imidazole polyamide conjugates (PIPs) that can bind to predetermined DNA sequences, and attached them with suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), a potent histone deacetylase inhibitor. As histone modification is associated with pluripotency, these new types of conjugates, termed SAHA–PIPs, were screened for their effect on the expression of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) factors. We found certain SAHA–PIPs that could differentially up‐regulate the endogenous expression of Oct‐3/4, Nanog, Sox2, Klf4 and c‐Myc. SAHA and other SAHA–PIPs did not show such induction; this implies a role for PIPs and their sequence specificity in this differential gene activation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis suggested that SAHA–PIP‐mediated gene induction proceeds by histone H3 Lys9 and Lys14 acetylation and Lys4 trimethylation, which are epigenetic features associated with transcriptionally active chromatin.
Supporting Design and Control of a Reversed‐Phase Chromatography Step by Mechanistic Modeling
Authors: Westerberg K. , Borg N. , Andersson N. , Nilsson B. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThere is a need to design and understand control strategies for biopharmaceutical processes. The control strategy will influence the design space and process performance and should be chosen together with the operating point and design space. Mechanistic modeling is used to design and evaluate control strategies for product pooling in preparative chromatography. A kinetic dispersive model was calibrated to reversed‐phase chromatography experiments. Uncorrelated process disturbances were introduced to optimized operating points, and the effects of disturbances were evaluated and reduced by control strategies. Pooling control was implemented at a fixed UV absorbance or as a function of retention volume and UV peak height. The higher flexibility of the second control strategy decreased the loss of yield and productivity caused by the disturbances.
Dendritic, Nanosized Building Block for Siloxane‐Based Materials: A Spherosilicate Dendrimer
Authors: Kawahara Kazufumi , Hagiwara Yoshiaki , Kuroda Kazuyuki 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA spherosilicate dendrimer (DMS‐1) with closely spaced reaction sites (SiH groups) on the dendrimer surface has been synthesized by stepwise silylation of double‐four‐ring silicate with chlorotriethoxysilane (ClSi(OEt)3) and subsequently with chlorodimethylsilane (ClSiHMe2). DMS‐1 consists of a maximum of 40 Si atoms in the interior frameworks and 24 reactive SiH groups on the surface. Because DMS‐1 is spherical and about 1.5 nm in diameter, it can be regarded as the smallest well‐defined silica‐based nanoparticle. DMS‐1 also forms molecular crystals and is soluble in typical organic solvents. A molecularly ordered silica‐based hybrid can be prepared by heating a cast film of DMS‐1 at 180 °C for 5 days. The surface of DMS‐1 can be modified by hydrosilylation with 1‐hexadecene, triethoxyvinylsilane, and allylic‐terminated tetraethylene glycol monomethyl ether. More than 20 SiH groups out of 24 react with these reagents. The solubilities of the products depend on the modification. DMS‐1 is not only a building block for nanohybrids, but also the smallest and most precisely designed siloxane‐based nanoparticle.
N‐(β‐Carboxypropionyl)luminol as a new chemiluminescence label in immunoassay
Authors: Zhuang Hui‐Sheng , Wang Qiong‐E , Zhang Fan , Huang Qiao‐Jia , Tang Yu‐Chai 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA new chemiluminescence label N‐(β‐carboxpropionyl)luminol (CPL) was used to label sheep anti‐human IgG (SaHIgG). The labeled antibody waa stable and could be detected at least dawn to 10−17 ∼10−16 mol. The molar incorporation ratio was estimated to be 0.26 mol of CPL per mol of SaHIgG. There were no apparent changes in the immunoreactivity of the labeled SaHIgG and in the quantum efficiency of the CPL after labeling.
Long‐Term Follow‐Up of Prophylactic Implantable Cardioverter‐Defibrillator–Only Therapy: Comparison of Ischemic and Nonischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Smith Tim , Theuns Dominic A.M.J. , Caliskan Kadir , Jordaens Luc 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackground:The benefits of primary prophylactic implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators (ICDs) are actually debated, as some drawbacks become more apparent and as the natural history of cardiac disease seems to improve. Therefore, contemporary follow‐up data of non‐trial populations treated according to current guidelines remain necessary. The aim of this study was to evaluate mortality and the occurrence of ICD interventions in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) who received in the recent era a primary prophylactic ICD without resynchronization therapy.Hypothesis:Survival and event‐free rates from appropriate ICD therapy are different between ischemic and nonischemic ICD patients.Methods:Prospective cohort study of 427 consecutive primary prevention ICD patients with ischemic or nonischemic heart disease, excluding patients with resynchronization.Results:Ischemic heart disease was present in 290 patients (68%), nonischemic heart disease in 137 patients (32%). During a median follow‐up of 31 months (interquartile range [IQR] 15–45 months), 30 patients (7%) died. Mortality was not different in both disease categories. The incidence of appropriate ICD interventions was similar in CAD and DCM (23% vs 21%). Appropriate ICD intervention occurred more frequently in patients with atrial fibrillation (29% vs 19%). Inappropriate ICD intervention occurred in 11% of patients.Conclusions:The clinical course of ischemic and nonischemic heart disease patients treated with a primary prophylactic ICD is similar with respect to mortality and to appropriate and inappropriate ICD interventions, in spite of a younger age at baseline of the DCM patients. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.This work was partly funded by “het College Voor Zorgverzekeringen” (OP 0864207). Dr. D.A.M.J. Theuns received research grants from Biotronik, Boston Scientific, and St. Jude Medical, and he is a consultant to Cameron Health (USA). L. Jordaens received research grants and speaker fees from Biotronik, Boston Scientific, Cameron Health, Medtronic, Sorin, and St. Jude Medical. T. Smith and K. Caliskan had no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to declare.
Adsorption Kinetics, Isotherms, and Desorption of Monocrotophos and Dichlorvos on Various Indian Soils
Authors: Kaur Paramjeet , Sud Dhiraj 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPesticide sorption on to the soil has a significant role in deciding the fate and behavior of pesticides in soil and aquatic environment. The present study investigates the adsorption of monocrotophos (MCP) and dichlorvos (DDVP) on the three soils of Malwa region of Punjab, India under different conditions. Batch adsorption experiments were preformed in replicates using 2 g of air‐dried soil and varying concentrations of pesticides and 20 mL of 0.01 M CaCl2 as background electrolyte. The results revealed high adsorption of MCP and DDVP in soil B with kf‐values 0.1261 and 0.0498 and n‐values 2.7345 and 1.831, respectively. The adsorption isotherms obtained were analyzed and the data was subjected to classical Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin models. The experimental data best fitted to the logarithm form of Freundlich and Temkin model. Kinetics analyses were performed using pseudo‐first order, pseudo‐second order, and intraparticle diffusion models. The regression results showed that the experimental data fitted very well with the pseudo‐second order kinetic model as correlation coefficient value is very closer to 1 and also followed the intraparticle diffusion model, whereas, diffusion is not only the rate controlling step. The percentages desorption with tap and distilled water is 32–64% for MCP and 25–48% for DDVP.
Removal of Heavy Metals from Synthetic Mixture as well as Pharmaceutical Sample Via Cation Exchange Resin Modified with Rhodamine B: Its Thermodynamic and Kinetic Studies
Authors: Nabi Syed A. , Shahadat Mohammad , Shalla Abid H. , Khan Amjad M. T. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA new sorbent was prepared by loading rhodamine B on Amberlite IR‐120. Various physico‐chemical parameters such as effects of adsorbate concentration, contact time, pH, and temperature on the sorption of the dye have been studied. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔH° and ΔS°) were also evaluated for the sorption of dye. Kinetic studies revealed that the sorption of the dye was best fit for pseudo‐second‐order kinetic. The metal ion uptake in different solvent systems has been explored through column studies. On the basis of distribution coefficient (Kd), some heavy metal ions of analytical interest from binary mixtures have been separated. The limit of detection (LOD) for the Ni2+ and Fe3+ metal ions was 0.81 and 0.60 µg L−1, and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was found to be 2.72 and 2.0 µg L−1. This sorbent has also been successfully applied in the analysis of multivitamin formulation. The applicability of the modified resin in the separation of heavy metals constituting real and synthetic samples has been explored.
Mineral Content of Bottled and Desalinated Household Drinking Water in Kuwait
Authors: Al‐Mudhaf Humood F. , Al‐Hayan Mohammad N. , Selim Mustafa I. , Abu‐Shady Abdel‐Sattar I. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThree hundred and twenty‐two samples of desalinated household water were collected from 99 sampling locations that covered 95% of Kuwaiti's residential areas. Seventy‐one brands of bottled water were collected from Kuwaiti markets. The water quality parameters that were studied included pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), F−, Cl−, Br−, ${\rm NO}_{2}^{- } $, ${\rm NO}_{3}^{- } $, ${\rm SO}_{4}^{2- } $,${\rm PO}_{4}^{3- } $, ${\rm BrO}_{3}^{- } $, ${\rm ClO}_{3}^{- } $, ${\rm ClO}_{2}^{- } $, and the major macronutrients Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+. The analysis yielded a large range of results for most of these parameters, with differences in some cases exceeding 10‐fold. With a few exceptions, the results were found to comply with US‐EPA and WHO standards. Only the water in two brands of bottled water was acidic (pH < 6.5). The TDS was found to be higher than the US‐EPA regulated value in 4 and 3% of the household samples and bottled water brands, respectively. The fluoride levels were generally higher in bottled water than in household water. However, the household water that was produced by the Doha desalination plant and some of the European brands of bottled water were the best samples studied in terms of their quantity of Ca2+, Mg2+, and Na+ compared with the DRI values for those substances. EC and TDS were positively correlated with ${\rm NO}_{3}^{- } $, ${\rm SO}_{4}^{2- } $, Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ for household water but only with Ca2+ and Mg2+ for bottled water.
A fast‐switching, low‐inductance gradient set for motion encoding
Authors: Newling Benedict , Poirier Christopher P. , Snow Timothy A. , Balcom Bruce J. , Glover Paul M. , Colpitts Bruce G. , Mastikhin Igor V. , Hetherington Nathan L. , Macgregor Rodney P. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe present the design for a fast‐switching, three‐axis microimaging gradient set. To achieve high slew rates, we have reduced the inductance of the windings sacrificing peak gradient amplitude per unit current. The design suits our motion‐sensitized measurements of centimeter‐sized samples, which require rapidly switched, but low amplitude gradients. The gradient design has also proven useful for its reasonable bore size (12 cm). © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 39B: 173‐179, 2011
Three‐dimensional EPR/NMR image coregistration using a MATLAB‐based software
Authors: Ohfuchi Masashi , Goodwin Jonathan , Fujii Hirotada , Hirata Hiroshi 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe coregistration of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) images in three‐dimensional (3D) data space typically involves a process of visual inspection and manual alignment of the images. This is due primarily to the use of separate scanners, which can result in a number of potential differences between the two image types, such as resolution, field‐of‐view, and image orientation. In this article, we describe recently developed methodology and software that enables automatic coregistration of EPR and NMR acquired images without the need for manual alignment. The technique requires the use of fiducial markers during both EPR and NMR image acquisition, which contain a solution of free radical spin probes, and allow adjustment of the positions and the fields‐of‐view of the measured images. In this work we present results for EPR/NMR image coregistration using an isoflurane‐anesthetized mouse, injected with triarylmethyl radical (Oxo63) spin probes. The same spin probes were also used inside the fiducial markers and in plastic tubes used for phantom measurements. Using our MATLAB‐based software, we were able to successfully coregister EPR/NMR images in approximately 60 s. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 39B: 180–190, 2011
Numerical analysis of human sample effect on RF penetration and liver mr imaging at ultrahigh field
Authors: Pang Yong , Wu Bing , Wang Chunsheng , Vigneron Daniel B. , Zhang Xiaoliang 
Published: October 2011

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide clinically‐valuable images for hepatic diseases and has become one of the most promising noninvasive methods in evaluating liver lesions. To facilitate the ultrahigh field human liver MRI, in this work, the RF penetration behavior in the conductive and high dielectric human body at the ultrahigh field of 7 Tesla (7T) is investigated and evaluated using the finite‐difference time‐domain numerical analysis. The study shows that in brain imaging at the ultrahigh field of 7T, the “dielectric resonance” effect dominates among other factors, resulting in improved B1 penetration; while in liver imaging, due to its irregular geometry of the liver, the “dielectric resonance” effect is not readily to be established, leading to a reduced B1 penetration or limited image coverage comparing to that in the brain. Therefore, it is necessary to build a large size coil to have deeper penetration to image human liver although the coil design may become more challenging due to the required high frequency. Based on this study, a bisected microstrip coil operating at 300 MHz range is designed and constructed. Three‐dimensional in vivo liver images in axial, sagittal and coronal orientations are then acquired from healthy volunteers using this dedicated RF coil on a 7T whole body MR scanner. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 39B: 206–216, 2011
Castration‐resistant prostate cancer: Many treatments, many options, many challenges ahead
Authors: Garcia Jorge A. , Rini Brian I. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAlthough the long natural history of prostate cancer presents challenges in the development of novel therapeutics, major contributions have been observed recently. A better understanding of the long‐term complications of androgen deprivation has changed the initial approach to most patients with advanced disease. Specifically, recognition of the limitations of prostate‐specific antigen has driven the pursuit of new tools capable of becoming true surrogates for disease outcome. Understanding the molecular biology of castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) has led to a dramatic paradigm shift in the treatment of patients with metastatic disease where the androgen receptor becomes a central therapeutic target. Specific adrenal inhibitors and engineered super androgen receptor inhibitors have become the most promising agents in the disease. Novel immune therapies have been shown to improve survival in selected patients with castration‐resistant disease despite the inability to impact traditional markers of response. Similarly, agents such as cabazitaxel and abiraterone acetate have demonstrated clinical benefit are now a standard of care in docetaxel‐refractory metastatic CRPC patients. All these changes have occurred in a relatively short period and are likely to change the prostate cancer treatment paradigm. This review summarizes the current management of CRPC and discusses potential future directions. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Empirical Hydrogen‐Bond Potential Functions—An Old Hat Reconditioned
Authors: Korth Martin 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe accurate description of hydrogen‐bond interactions is of vital importance for the computational modeling of biological systems. Standard force field (FF) as well as semiempirical quantum mechanical (SQM) methods are now known to have considerable problems with the accurate description of hydrogen bonds. It was found that the performance of SQM methods can be greatly improved with empirical hydrogen‐bond correction terms. In the first part of this work we review the improvements developed during the recent revival of dedicated hydrogen‐bond terms, also in the light of earlier FF‐related work. The second part presents new findings connected to open questions in this field, namely, a study on the importance of angular and torsional information, a scheme how to avoid atom‐type‐defined target angles and a reduced version of our DH+ model for the application to force‐field methods and physically motivated protein–ligand scoring functions. Our results highlight the importance of using a complete geometric description (including angular and torsional coordinates) for the accurate treatment of hydrogen bonding. The reduced DH+ model—applied to a modified version of the UFF force field—shows a much improved accuracy for non‐covalent interactions also with FF methods, with gains in accuracy by more than one order of magnitude.
Important Steric Effects Resulting from the Additional Substituent at Boron within Scorpionate Complexes Containing κ3‐NNH Coordination Modes
Authors: Tsoureas Nikolaos , Hope Rebecca F. , Haddow Mairi F. , Owen Gareth R. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe complexes [Ru(Tai)H(PPh3)2] (4) [Tai = HB(7‐azaindolyl)3] and [Ru(ArBai)H(PPh3)2] [ArBai = Ar(H)B(7‐azaindolyl)2; Ar = phenyl (5), mesityl (6) and 2‐naphthyl (7)] have been prepared and fully characterised. Structural characterisation of complexes 4, 5 and 7 confirmed the expected κ3‐NNH coordination mode of the azaindolyl‐based ligands. In all complexes, the borohydride unit is located trans to the hydrido ligand, and the two triphenylphosphane ligands occupy sites trans to the two nitrogen donors. The strong Ru···H–B interaction means that the third substituent at the boron atom is held in close proximity to the ruthenium centre. In the case of complex 7, rotation of the naphthyl group about the boron centre is hindered by the triphenylphosphane substituents.