bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human infections by Hymenolepis diminuta in Europe: a case report and literature review
Authors: Mijatović Stefan , Štajner Tijana , Čalovski Ivana Čolović , Dubljanin Eleonora , Bobić Branko , Leković Zoran , Barać Aleksandra , Džamić Aleksandar M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We performed a review of published and gray literature of human Hymenolepis diminuta cases across Europe up to July 2022. Of all detectable publications and records, we further analyzed only those that contained demographic, clinical or epidemiological data regarding the infected subjects. Additionally, one case of hymenolepiasis in a 16-mo-old boy living in the urban part of Belgrade was included in the analysis. Published studies were based in 13/50 European countries and identified 104 laboratory-confirmed cases in total. Almost one-half (49%) of all cases originated from Mediterranean countries. Among symptomatic children, the infection most often manifested with diarrhea, abdominal pain, allergic reaction and behavioral changes. The diagnosis was made by the detection and identification of H. diminuta eggs or parts of strobila in stool samples, although cases of misdiagnosis were also reported. The parasite clearance was established with praziquantel or niclosamide, while the administration of albendazole or mebendazole led to unfavorable results. Future multicentric prospective studies focused on infection screening and the gathering of detailed sociodemographic and clinical data could provide an updated insight into the true distribution and characteristics of H. diminuta infection across Europe.
Measuring Pain-related Behavioral Inhibition and Behavioral Activation System Responses
Authors: López-Martínez Alicia E. , Esteve Rosa , Sainero-Tirado Gloria , Ramírez-Maestre Carmen , Serrano-Ibáñez Elena R. , de la Vega Rocío , Day Melissa A. , Jensen Mark P. 
Published: June 2024

Objectives:
The Pain Responses Scale and its Short Form (PRS-SF) were recently developed to assess the affective, behavioral, and cognitive responses to pain based on the behavioral inhibition system (BIS) and behavioral activation system (BAS) model of chronic pain. The purpose of this study was to provide additional tests of the psychometric properties of the PRS-SF in a new sample of individuals with chronic pain.

Methods:
A sample of Spanish adults (N = 190) with chronic non-cancer pain completed a translated version of the PRS-SF and a battery of questionnaires measuring validity criteria hypothesized the be associated with BIS and BAS activation, including measures of sensitivity to punishment, sensitivity to reward, pain intensity, pain interference, catastrophizing, and pain acceptance.

Results:
Confirmatory factor analysis supported a 4-factor structure for the PRS-SF assessing despondent, escape, approach, and relaxation responses (S-B χ2 [5] = 1.49, Comparative Fit Index = 0.99, Non-Normed Fit Index = 0.99, root-mean-square error of approximation = 0.051, Akaike Information Criterion = 4113.66), with marginal internal consistency for 1 scale (relaxation) and adequate to good internal consistency for the others. The pattern of associations found between the PRS-SF Scale scores and the validity criterion supports the validity of the instrument.

Conclusion:
The results provide additional support for the validity of the 4 PRS-SF Scale scores, and the reliability of 3 of the scales. If these findings are replicated in future research, investigators may wish to administer more items from the original Relaxation Scale when assessing this domain to ensure adequate reliability for this scale. The other items from the PRS-SF assessing despondent, escape, and approach responses appear to provide at least adequate reliability. When used in this way, the PRS-SF may be used to measure BIS and BAS responses to pain to: (1) provide further tests of the BIS-BAS model of chronic pain and/or (2) understand the potential mediating effects of BIS and BAS responses on the effects of psychological pain treatments to help determine which specific responses are most responsible for the benefits of treatment, and, therefore, which responses should be specifically targeted to enhance treatment response.
Ipsilateral Supracondylar and Medial Epicondyle Humerus Fractures in Pediatric Patients: A Retrospective Analysis of Incidence, Epidemiology, Treatment, and Outcomes
Authors: McGraw-Heinrich Jessica , Amaral Jason Zarahi , Williams Elizabeth , Schultz Rebecca , Rosenfeld Scott 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Pediatric supracondylar humerus (SCH; AO/OTA13-M/3.1) and medial epicondyle fractures (AO/OTA13u-M/7.1) are common. Concomitant SCH with ipsilateral medial epicondyle fractures remain scarcely reported. We investigated the epidemiology, treatment, and outcomes of this rare, combined injury.

Methods:
A retrospective review of pediatric patients with concomitant SCH and medial epicondyle fractures at a level 1 hospital from 2010 to 2020 was performed. Patient data, treatments, and outcomes were assessed. Radiographs were reviewed for fracture classification and alignment. Patients aged above 18 years and those with inaccessible imaging were excluded. Descriptive statistics were performed.

Results:
Of 3344 patients undergoing surgery for SCH fractures, 14 (6 females, mean: 10.59 y) with concomitant SCH and medial epicondyle fractures were included. Overall, 28.6% of patients exhibited preoperative nerve palsies (3 PIN, 1 median nerve). There was 1 flexion type and 13 Gartland type III SCH fractures. Medial epicondyle fracture displacement averaged 4.13 mm (range: 2 to 7 mm). Thirteen medial epicondyle fractures occurred medial to the physis with 1 through the physis. Eight patients (57.1%) had medial fixation—7 medial pins, 1 medial screw—which captured both the medial epicondyle and medial column of the SCH fracture. Six medial epicondyles were treated closed. The average time to pin pull was 33.1 days (range: 27 to 51 d) with average follow-up of 138.6 days (range: 27 to 574 d). Overall, 50% of patients completed physical therapy (PT). Complications occurred in 4 cases: prominence of a medial pin, 1 patient required additional PT and dynamic splinting for loss of functional extension, 1 patient underwent a manipulation under anesthesia 3.5 months postoperatively for flexion contracture, and 1 patient developed medial epicondyle nonunion and SCH malunion that underwent corrective osteotomy 10.5 months postoperatively.

Conclusions:
Concurrent SCH and medial epicondyle fractures exhibited a high rate of nerve palsy (28.6%) and complications (28.6%) and were frequently referred to physical therapy. While patients treated without medial fixation went on to union, this combined injury might represent a relative indication for medial pinning of the SCH fracture. Further studies on this rare injury pattern are needed to determine optimal treatment methods.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV—therapeutic.
Challenging Treatment of Disseminated Aspergillosis in a Child With Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Dizi Işik Aylin , Akkoç Gülşen , Ergenç Zeynep , Yılmaz Seyhan , Aslan Tuncay Sevgi , Parlak Burcu , Canizci Erdemli Pınar , Büyüktaş Aytaş Didem , Abacı Çapar M. Çağla , Sönmez Özcan , Dağçınar Adnan , Öcal Demir Sevliya , Kepenekli Eda 
Published: June 2024

Introduction:
Central nervous system (CNS) aspergillosis is an opportunistic infection with an increasing incidence and a high mortality rate. It is seen in immunocompromised patients as well as in immunocompetent patients. Here, we present disseminated aspergillosis in a child with nephrotic syndrome treated with long-term and aggressive systemic antifungal treatment and intraventricular (IVent) liposomal amphotericin B (L-AmB) as well as surgical excision and drainage due to difficulty in management.

Case report:
A 10-year-old boy with nephrotic syndrome on steroid therapy was admitted with limping and weakness. The cranial magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple intraparenchymal scattered abscesses. The largest one was excised and drained. Abscess culture revealed Aspergillus fumigatus and histopathological examination revealed septate hyphae compatible with Aspergillosis. Intravenous (IV) voriconazole was started, and IV L-AmB was added. The size of lesions and perilesional edema continued to increase, and then IVent L-AmB was added. With IVent and systemic antifungal treatment, regression of the lesions was observed. He was followed up with oral voriconazole and weekly IVent L-AmB. After 2 and a half months, he was re-operated because of increased lesion size, number and perilesional edema, and IV voriconazole and other salvage antifungal therapies were started. Since the lesions had decreased and remained stable, IV voriconazole was switched to oral therapy, and he was followed up as an outpatient. Immunodeficiency diseases were excluded by immunological and genetic tests.

Conclusion:
Management of central nervous system aspergillosis can be challenging despite long-term and aggressive systemic and IVent antifungal treatment as well as surgical excision and drainage.
Dermatology resident comfort level treating hair conditions related to patients with skin of color
Authors: Tolliver Starling , Cascardo Camilla , Wong Nikita , Abushukur Yasmine , Potts Geoffrey 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Although recent studies demonstrated resident satisfaction in the treatment of skin of color (SOC) related disease, comfort levels treating hair specific to populations within the SOC spectrum is unclear.

Objective:
The purpose of this study is to assess dermatology residents comfort level in recognizing and treating various common hair conditions with a focus on those specific to SOC.

Methods:
An Institutional Review Board-approved survey was distributed to United States residents of Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-accredited dermatology programs. Data pertaining to hair care knowledge and treatment comfort levels were collected. Analysis was completed using equal variance 2-sample t tests and analysis of variance F tests, P < .05.

Results:
Dermatology residents were relatively comfortable with common conditions such as androgenetic alopecia and alopecia areata, but uncomfortable with creating healthy hair regimens, discussing natural hair care products, and treating trichorrhexis nodosa. Resident self-identification as underrepresented in medicine significantly impacted resident knowledge of hair care and treatment in patients with SOC.

Limitations:
This study was limited due to small sample size and potential recall bias.

Conclusion:
This study highlights knowledge gaps in understanding hair-related care for patients with SOC, affirming the continued importance of diversifying dermatology programs as well as hair-specific training for residents.
Outcomes After Exoscopic Versus Microscopic Type 1 Tympanoplasty
Authors: Fan Caleb J. , Fritz Christian G. , Lucas Jacob C. , Conway Robert M. , Kato Masanari G. , Babu Seilesh C. 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveTo analyze the outcomes of exoscopic versus microscopic type 1 tympanoplasty.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.SettingTertiary care otology-neurotology practice.PatientsAdult subjects with a diagnosis of tympanic membrane perforation from 2018 to 2022.InterventionExoscopic or microscopic tympanoplasty with cartilage + perichondrium or perichondrium/fascia graft.Main Outcome MeasuresPrimary outcomes were graft success rate (1 wk, 3 wk, 3 mo, and 6 mo postoperatively) and operative time. Secondary outcomes included audiometric outcomes of postoperative air-bone gap (ABG), change in ABG, pure tone average (PTA), speech reception threshold (SRT), and word recognition score (WRS) at 6-month follow-up and complication rates of cerebrospinal fluid leak, facial nerve injury, persistent tinnitus, and persistent vertigo.ResultsSeventy-one patients underwent type 1 tympanoplasty by a single surgeon. Thirty-six patients underwent exoscopic tympanoplasty, and 35 patients underwent microscopic tympanoplasty. Cartilage and perichondrium were utilized in 27 subjects (75.0%) in the exoscopic group and in 25 subjects (71.4%) in the microscopic group (p= 0.7, Cramer’s V = 0.04). Graft success rate was as follows (exoscope versus microscope): 100% (36/36) versus 100% (35/35) at 1 week (p= 1.0, Cramer’s V = 0.0), 97.2% (35/36) versus 100% (35/35) at 3 weeks (p= 1.0, Cramer’s V = 0.1), 97.2% (35/36) versus 94.3% (33/35) at 3 months (p= 1.0, Cramer’s V = 0.07), and 91.7% (33/36) versus 91.4% (32/35) at 6 months (p= 0.7, Cramer’s V = 0.0). Operative time was 57.7 minutes for the exoscopic group and 65.4 minutes for the microscopic group (p= 0.08, 95% CI [−16.4, 0.9], Cohen’s d = 0.4). There were no serious complications. All preoperative and postoperative audiometric outcomes were comparable.ConclusionsThe outcomes after exoscopic versus microscopic type 1 tympanoplasty are comparable.
Management of Cochlear Implant Electrode Arrays Misplaced in the Internal Auditory Canal: A Systematic Review
Authors: Johnson Benjamin R. , Benaim Ezer H. , Thompson Nicholas J. , Marouf Azmi , Dedmon Matthew M. , Anderson Melissa R. , Selleck A. Morgan , Brown Kevin D. , Dillon Margaret T. 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveMisplacement of electrode arrays in the internal auditory canal (IAC) presents a unique clinical challenge. Speech recognition is limited for cochlear implant (CI) users with misplaced arrays, and there are risks with revision surgery including facial and/or cochlear nerve injury.Databases ReviewedPubMed, Embase, and Scopus.MethodsA literature search was performed from inception to September 2023. The search terms were designed to capture articles on misplaced arrays and the management options. Articles written in English that described cases of array misplacement into the IAC for children and adults were included. The level of evidence was assessed using Oxford Center for Evidence Based Medicine guidelines. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed.ResultsTwenty-eight cases of arrays misplaced in the IAC were identified. Thirteen (46%) were patients with incomplete partition type 3 (IP3), and 7 (25%) were patients with common cavity (CC) malformations. Most misplaced arrays were identified postoperatively (19 cases; 68%). Of these cases, 11 (58%) were managed with array removal. No facial nerve injuries were reported with revision surgery. Eight cases (42%) were left in place. Several underwent mapping procedures in an attempt improve the sound quality with the CI.ConclusionElectrode array misplacement in the IAC is a rare complication that reportedly occurs predominately in cases with IP3 and CC malformations. Removal of misplaced arrays from the IAC reportedly has not been associated with facial nerve injuries. Cases identified with IAC misplacement postoperatively can potentially be managed with modified mapping techniques before proceeding with revision surgery.
Cochlear Implant Device Failures Falling Under the 2020 FDA Voluntary Field Corrective Action: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Govindan Aparna , Saade Mia , Perez Enrique R. , Wanna George B. , Cosetti Maura K. , Schwam Zachary G. 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveTo compare the rate of device failure for those cochlear implants (CIs) involved in the 2020 Food and Drug Administration (FDA) voluntary field corrective action (VFCA).Databases ReviewedMedline, Embase, and Scopus.MethodsA systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. Publications reporting institutional experiences with implants affected by the VFCA were included. Outcomes assessed included etiology of, rate of, and time to failure and pre-/post-device failure speech perception testing. All outcomes reported in at least two independent studies were included in a meta-analysis.ResultsSix studies met criteria for analysis. The overall pooled failure rate was 23.7% (95% CI, 11.6–38.4%). The pooled device, inconclusive, and medical failure rates were 21.5%, 0.2%, and 0.7%, respectively. Pediatric failure rates were higher than those of adults (46.9% [95% CI, 11.2–84.5%] versus 32.6% [95% CI, 8.2–63.7%]). WRS declined with primary implant failure (55.1% [95% CI, 48.0–62.1%] to 34.1% [95% CI, 30.2–38.0%]) but improved after reimplantation (34.1% [95% CI, 30.2–38.0%] to 50.1% [95% CI, 45.2–55.1%]).ConclusionsThe rate of pooled reported failure for CIs falling under the 2020 VFCA in the literature thus far is 23.7%. The overwhelming majority of these failures were device related, the rates of which were higher in children. Speech perception improved significantly after reimplantation.
Antibody-mediated autoimmunity in symptom-based disorders: position statement and proceedings from an international workshop
Authors: Mountford Rebecca , Adler Brittany L. , Andersson David , Bashford-Rogers Rachael , Berwick Richard , Bevan Stuart , Caro Xavier , Chung Tae Hwan , Clark J. David , Dawes John M. , Dong Xinzhong , Helyes Zsuzsanna , Kingery Wade , van Middendorp Joost J. , Neiland Harvey , Maurer Margot , Scheibenbogen Carmen , Schmack Katharina , Schreiner Thomas , Svensson Camilla I. , Tékus Valéria , Goebel Andreas 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A 2-day closed workshop was held in Liverpool, United Kingdom, to discuss the results of research concerning symptom-based disorders (SBDs) caused by autoantibodies, share technical knowledge, and consider future plans. Twenty-two speakers and 14 additional participants attended. This workshop set out to consolidate knowledge about the contribution of autoantibodies to SBDs. Persuasive evidence for a causative role of autoantibodies in disease often derives from experimental “passive transfer” approaches, as first established in neurological research. Here, serum immunoglobulin (IgM or IgG) is purified from donated blood and transferred to rodents, either systemically or intrathecally. Rodents are then assessed for the expression of phenotypes resembling the human condition; successful phenotype transfer is considered supportive of or proof for autoimmune pathology. Workshop participants discussed passive transfer models and wider evidence for autoantibody contribution to a range of SBDs. Clinical trials testing autoantibody reduction were presented. Cornerstones of both experimental approaches and clinical trial parameters in this field were distilled and presented in this article. Mounting evidence suggests that immunoglobulin transfer from patient donors often induces the respective SBD phenotype in rodents. Understanding antibody binding epitopes and downstream mechanisms will require substantial research efforts, but treatments to reduce antibody titres can already now be evaluated.
U-Turn Design Metatarsal Artery Flap
Authors: Reingrittha Pissanu , Kittipibul Krittin , Kulkittaya Somchai , Jitprapaikulsarn Surasak 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundIn distal forefoot defect, finding wound closure is challenging because of the distal site and small blood vessels involved. One possible resolution is the utilization of a metatarsal artery flap in a ‘U-turn’ design. This method offers several advantages, including its long length and a viable option for distal forefoot defect.MethodsThirty-six patients with forefoot injuries from metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint to distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint due to trauma were consecutively recruited and completed the study. Outcomes were analyzed descriptively, and risk prediction modeling for edge necrosis was performed.ResultsThe mean ± SD follow-up time was 27.3 months ±1.9. The median (IQR) MTP-to-DIP joint wound width and length were 1.8 (1.4, 3.0) and 3.2 cm (2.9, 6.2), respectively. The median (IQR) width, length, and width-to-length ratio flap dimensions were 3.6 (2.8, 6.0), 4.7 cm (4.3, 9.3), and 1.5 (1.2, 1.7), respectively. The mean ± SD operative time was 32.9 min ± 5.7. The median (IQR) intraoperative blood loss was 5.0 mL (4.0, 5.0). The mean ± SD hospital length of stay postoperatively was 4.0 days ±1.0. The mean ± SD Foot and Ankle Outcome Score and Foot Function Index were 64.1 ± 2.5 and 7.8% ± 3.3, respectively. All patients had good or excellent aesthetic satisfaction. Spontaneously resolving edge necrosis occurred in 13.9%. The mean ± SD time-to-start-ambulation was 1.7 weeks ±0.5. At the 2-year follow-up visit, all patients had reduced U-turn flap pivot point redundancy without shoe size impact, needing reoperation, or donor site morbidity. Edge necrosis was significantly associated with length-to-width ratio (P= 0.014) but not with Foot and Ankle Outcome Score or Foot Function Index.ConclusionsMetatarsal artery flap of U-turn design was reliable and was associated with a short recovery time, alternative resolution for forefoot area due to short operation time, minimal blood loss, short hospital length of stay, and excellent availability.
An Innovative Approach to Classifying and Treating Axillary Scar Contracture
Authors: Chen Fuhuan , Wu Jiang , Zhang Xulong , Chen Zhaohan , Yue Xiaotong , Chen Baoguo 
Published: June 2024

Background
Axillary cicatricial contracture is a debilitating condition that can greatly impair shoulder joint function. Therefore, timely correction of this condition is imperative. In light of Ogawa's prior classification of axillary cicatricial contracture deformities, we have proposed a novel classification system and reconstruction principles based on a decade of treatment experience. Our proposed system offers a more comprehensive approach to correcting axillary cicatricial contracture deformities and aims to improve patient outcomes.

Methods
Our study included 196 patients with a total of 223 axillary cicatricial contracture deformities. The range of shoulder abduction varied between 10 and 120 degrees. Our treatment approach included various methods such as the lateral thoracic flap, transverse scapular artery flap, cervical superficial artery flap, medial upper arm flap, latissimus dorsi flap, Z-shape modification, and the use of local flaps combined with skin grafting. After 2 weeks, the sutures were removed, and patients were instructed to start functional exercises. To categorize the deformities, we divided them into 2 types: axillary-adjacent region cicatricial contracture (type I) and extended area contracture (type II).

Results
For each subtype, a specific treatment method was chosen based on a designed algorithm decision tree. Out of the total cases, 133 patients underwent treatment with various types of local flaps, including Z-plasty, whereas 63 patients received treatment involving skin grafting and different types of local flaps. At the time of discharge, the abduction angle of the shoulder joint ranged from 80 to 120 degrees. Among the 131 patients who were followed up, 108 of them adhered to a regimen of horizontal bar exercises. After a 1-year follow-up period, the abduction angle of the shoulder joint had significantly improved to a range of 110–180 degrees.

Conclusions
We have proposed a novel classification method for the correction of axillary cicatricial contracture deformity. This approach involves utilizing distinct correction strategies, in conjunction with postoperative functional exercise, to ensure the effectiveness of axillary reconstruction.