bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavioural faecal exposure pathways in a nomadic lifestyle :
Authors: Burji Batula Jaro , Wandili Sarah , Muthuri Grace Gakii , Karani Caroline 
Published: April 2024

Background: Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) is the cornerstone for health and growth at all stages of life in maintain health and increase in life span. Poor sanitation has led to disease increase in microorganisms such as Escherichia coli. Sanitation is influenced in a community by factors such as perception, behavioral practices such as open defecation and disposal of these waste. This study aimed to identify behavioral faecal exposure pathways in the nomadic community of Turbi ward.
Methods: Mixed method approach using qualitative and quantitative research methods was applied in this study to assess exposure pathways and related behavior among the nomadic community of Turbi ward. Thematic data analysis was used to analyze data generated from behavioural observations. Data was presented using graphs and pie charts.
Results: A total of 100 households were sampled and about 68% (n=100) of population use surface water for domestic. Turbi manyatta had the highest with 30% (n=100), followed by Kambi Nyoka at 16%(n=100) and the least was Shurr manyatta at 2% (n=100). Surface water was the dominant source of water for these community. About 76% (n=100) of the households did not treat their water before use for domestic purposes and due to scarcity of water the community store water in jerricans for more than one week. About 87% of the residents reported not washing hands before milking animals. Open defecation was the predominant method of waste disposal among the five selected Manyattas, accounting for 95% (n= 100). There was significant relationship between practicing open defecation and using surface water without treatment for domestic purpose at p-value 0.032 (95% CI), using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test.
Conclusion: The study revealed that the study community’s behavioral practices exposes them to faecal exposure due to habitual practice of open defecation, throwing waste to the bush, open burning, drinking untreated surface water and not washing hands before milking animals. There is need for advocacy on social behavior change, and strategies on health promotion targeting Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH).
Sanitation risk factors contributing to diarrhea in children below five years in Igembe South Sub-County, Meru County, Kenya.
Authors: Anampiu Jacob , Rutto Jane , Kaimuri MaryJoy , Kubai Patrick 
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Lack of safe water, poor hygiene, and poor sanitation account for about 90% of the diarrheal diseases in the world. Globally, half a million people lack adequate sanitation, leading to fatalities for over five million people annually. In Kenya, diarrhea still remains one of the top five causes of morbidity and mortality in children below 5 years.
Aim: To identify the household sanitation risk factors contributing to diarrhea in under-five-year-old children in Igembe South Sub County in Meru County, Kenya.
Study Design: A retrospective and cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of the study: Nyambene Sub-County Hospital, Igembe South Sub-County in Meru County, Kenya between December 2022 and March 2023.
Methodology: The sample size was 196 children calculated from a population of 3,332 children who had diarrhea in Igembe South Sub County out of 22412 children who had diarrhea in Meru County for the last year. Data was analyzed by use of SPSS (2022) and ANOVA.
Results: The study found a strong link (p=0.0034) between diarrhea cases in children under five and the absence of household latrines, as well as sanitation-related factors. It noted that many households lacked proper latrines, and many caregivers did not practice hand washing after handling child feces.
Conclusion: The study identified access to safe drinking water as a key factor in reducing diarrhea in young children. The study recommends close monitoring of sanitation facilities and ongoing assessments of water source safety by the County Government of Meru and other stakeholders to improve overall hygiene and reduce diarrhea cases in the region.
A systematic review of predictive blood donor retention models.
Authors: Kiarie Nahashon , Amos Chege Kirongo  , Mary Mwadulo  
Published: April 2024

Demand for blood and blood products is increasing due to population growth, medical advances, and increased disease. Availability of a stable blood supply is critical for healthcare organizations and requires effective donor recruitment and retention strategies. This systematic review paper examines the development and implementation of predictive models using machine learning techniques to classify and predict blood donor retention rates. The aim is to analyze the existing literature and provide insights into the design, performance and potential of such models through a systematic search of relevant databases. The reviewed studies include a variety of machine learning approaches and algorithms used to predict blood donor retention rates. These models use various demographic, behavioral, and historical donation data to predict the likelihood of a donor returning to donate blood. The utilization of machine learning techniques, such as decision trees, logistic regression, support vector machines, and neural networks, enables accurate predictions and enable healthcare organizations to implement targeted donor retention interventions to increase blood supply. The models' predictive performance reveals their capacity to recognize donors who are not likely to return and donate blood and target retention strategies appropriately, improving donor engagement and fostering long-term commitment. Several challenges and limitations face the identified existing models. They include the need for comprehensive and high-quality data, interpretability of complex models as well as the requirement for regular model updates to accommodate changing donor behaviors. There is need for development of versatile and comprehensive models with improved accuracy that can reduce the need for constant recruitment of new donors, which is costly and time-consuming enabling blood agencies to accurately predict donor retention rates, inform donor retention strategies, and prioritize resources appropriately and ultimately saving lives.
Factors Contributing to the Accuracy of PET Scans in Detecting Cancer Metastases in Cairo Hospitals, Egypt
Authors: Sayeed Fatmah 
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Positron emission tomography (PET) has become an important diagnostic tool in oncology, providing metabolic information that can aid in the detection and evaluation of cancer. However, the accuracy of PET scans in detecting cancer metastases can be influenced by various factors, including the type of cancer, location of metastases, and image acquisition protocol. This study aims to evaluate the factors that influence the accuracy of PET scans in detecting cancer metastases in patients at Cairo Hospital, Egypt.
Methods: Patient data were collected retrospectively. A total of 5000 research subjects participated in this study. Data were analyzed to identify factors associated with false-positive or false-negative PET scan results.
Results: Patients with lung or colorectal cancer were 2.45 times more likely to experience accurate positive PET scan results than patients with other types of cancer. Patients with metastases in lymph nodes were 1.93 times more likely to experience accurate positive PET scan results than patients with metastases in solid organs. Patients with a long PET scan image acquisition protocol were 1.78 times more likely to experience accurate positive PET scan results than patients with a short image acquisition protocol.
Conclusion: PET scan is a valuable diagnostic tool in oncology, but its accuracy in detecting cancer metastases can be influenced by various factors. These factors should be considered when interpreting PET scan results and to improve cancer diagnosis and management.
El trabajo multidisciplinario: herramienta clave para la Pediatría basada en evidencia
Authors: Salvatierra Guillermo , Huby María del Pilar , Granados-Guibovich Katia , Tomas-Gonzales Zulema 
Published: April 2024

La medicina basada en evidencia es un proceso que busca integrar la evidencia generada por la investigación y la práctica clínica diaria, con el fin de optimizar los resultados para los pacientes (1). Se ha demostrado que su aplicación mejora la atención del paciente, específicamente en los estándares de cuidado y la comunicación médico-paciente (2). A pesar que la pediatría ha usado evidencia científica como base para sus prácticas por años, también se conoce que muchas intervenciones usadas diariamente son producto del conocimiento empírico, lo que potencialmente genera déficits en la calidad del cuidado provisto a los pacientes (3,4). La práctica basada en evidencia puede ser lograda de una mejor manera cuando es aplicada por equipos multidisciplinarios, que involucren no sólo médicos, sino un trabajo en conjunto con enfermeras, psicólogos, nutricionistas, epidemiólogos, ingenieros, biólogos, entre otros (5). Sumado a ello, actualmente existe un incremento anual de pacientes que requieren el apoyo de una coordinación compleja para el control y manejo de enfermedades y discapacidades. Los pacientes pediátricos con alguna complejidad médica sin duda requieren de equipos multidisciplinarios que permitan abordar sus necesidades de atención (6).
Síndrome dismórfico neonatal: reporte de caso de un diagnóstico severo
Authors: Ismena Cari Flor , Rojas-Guerra Roy Jonatan 
Published: April 2024

Introducción: El síndrome dismórfico hace referencia a los pacientes que presenten al nacer alguna anormalidad física, estructural y/o funcional. Se estima que anualmente el 6% de niños a nivel mundial nacen con una anomalía congénita y más de 300 000 mueren durante su primer mes de vida. Su diagnóstico puede llegar a ser complicado e incluso subjetivo, sobre todo cuando existen variaciones fenotípicas, diferentes grados de severidad y comorbilidades asociadas, y patologías maternas no evaluadas de manera adecuada ni oportuna. A esto se le suma que es necesario el uso de pruebas genéticas que en muchas ocasiones no son de fácil acceso.
Objetivo: Informar sobre las manifestaciones clínicas y complicaciones del síndrome dismórfico.
Presentación del caso: Se presenta el caso de un recién nacido de 30 semanas según Capurro, cuya madre tenía antecedente de diabetes e inadecuado control prenatal. El neonato presenta múltiples rasgos dismórficos, además de atresia de esófago. Se plantean como posibles diagnósticos una asociación VACTERL (defectos vertebrales, malformaciones anales, cardiopatías congénitas, alteraciones traqueo-esofágicas, malformaciones renales y alteración en extremidades) o una trisomía 18. Este último llegó a confirmarse mediante pruebas genéticas, pero posterior a la defunción del paciente, ocurrida al final de la tercera semana de vida.
Conclusiones: El abordaje del neonato con síndrome dismórfico representa un verdadero desafío diagnóstico, terapéutico y social. La falta de recursos y deficiencias en el sistema de salud hacen difícil un diagnóstico precoz, más aún en estas patologías infrecuentes.
Trayectorias académicas de estudiantes de la Licenciatura en Enfermería de la Universidad Nacional de Tucumán a través del análisis de indicadores de rendimiento académico
Authors: Ortigoza Analía , Prchal Abigail , Canova-Barrios Carlos Jesús 
Published: April 2024

Introduction: In Argentina, nursing education shows progress, but it still does not improve the quantitative deficit of the group, nor the distribution by regions. The analysis of academic trajectories makes it possible to identify the path taken by the student in the study plan and to plan remedial measures for those aspects considered deficient.Objective: To analyze the academic trajectories of students of the bachelor’s degree in nursing at the National University of Tucumán, through the analysis of academic performance indicators in the period 2015-2019.Methodes: Descriptive, retrospective, and quantitative study. The population was constituted by the total number of students of the bachelor’s degree in nursing in the period 2015-2019.Results: The average GPA of the career is 6.35 out of 10 and the average actual duration of the career is 13.35 years, exceeding the expected duration of 5 years. A failure rate was found in 57% of the subjects of the first cycle and 38% of the second cycle.Conclusions: The academic performance of nursing students has decreased in the last decades, which can be seen in the decrease of the grade point average and the increase of the actual duration of the course. These results show the existing decoupling between the academic trajectories of nursing students in relation to those expected by the system.
Introducción: En Argentina la formación en enfermería muestra avances, pero aún no mejora el déficit cuantitativo del colectivo, ni la distribución por regiones. El análisis de las trayectorias académicas permite identificar el recorrido realizado por el estudiante en el plan de estudios y planificar instancias remediales para los aspectos que se consideren deficitarios.Objetivo: Analizar las trayectorias académicas de los estudiantes de la Licenciatura en Enfermería de la Universidad Nacional de Tucumán a través del análisis de indicadores de rendimiento académico en el periodo 2015-2019.Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y cuantitativo. La población estuvo constituida por el total de estudiantes de la carrera Licenciatura en Enfermería en el período 2015-2019. Resultados: El promedio de calificaciones de la carrera es 6,35 de 10 y el promedio de duración real de la misma es de 13,35 años superando los 5 años de duración esperada. Se halló un índice de desaprobación y aplazos en el 57% de las materias del primer ciclo y el 38% del segundo.Conclusión: El rendimiento académico de las/os estudiantes de enfermería disminuyó en las últimas décadas, y esto se visibiliza en el descenso de los promedios de calificaciones y el incremento en la duración real de la carrera. Estos resultados muestran el desacople existente entre las trayectorias académicas de las/os estudiantes de enfermería, en relación con las esperadas por el sistema.
Relación entre la espiritualidad del cuidador informal y la resiliencia del anciano con cáncer
Authors: Rosas Cervantes Elisa , Jiménez González María de Jesús , Valenzuela Suazo Sandra , Guerrero Castañeda Raul Fernando 
Published: April 2024

Introduction: The increase in the number of older adults with cancer generates high rates of dependency, leading to an exponential growth in the demand for informal caregivers, which implies having to address specific care needs that are the competence of nursing and can be addressed from the spiritual sphere as proposed by the Transpersonal Human Caring Theory.Objective: To determine the relationship between informal caregiver spirituality and resilience in the older adult with cancer.Materials and Methods: This is a quantitative, correlational, non-experimental study in which 42 older adults with cancer and their informal caregivers participated. The level of spirituality of the caregivers and the level of resilience of the older adults were measured. The correlation between the variables was calculated using Spearman's ρ test.Results: The mean age of the caregivers was 49.6 ± 15.6 years, 64.3% were female, 85.7% Catholic; 73.8% reported high levels of spirituality. Regarding the older adults, their mean age was 69.9 ± 7.1 years, 59.5% were female, 88.1% Catholic; the predominant type of cancer was gastric and leukemia; 83.3% reported high resilience. A positive correlation (r=0.440, p=<0.05) was found between caregiver spirituality and older adult resilience.Conclusions: The results provide scientific support for the Theory of Transpersonal Human Caring, as it acknowledges the conception of self and spirit (spiritual transcendence) described by Jean Watson.
Introducción: El incremento de ancianos con cáncer genera altos índices de dependencia que conlleva la demanda exponencial de cuidadores informales, representando necesidades de cuidado específicas que son competencía de enfermería y se pueden abordar desde la esfera espiritual como lo propone la Teoría del Cuidado Humano Transpersonal.Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre la espiritualidad del cuidador informal y la resiliencia del anciano con cáncer. Material y método: Estudio cuantitativo, correlacional, no experimental. Participaron 42 ancianos con cáncer y sus cuidadores informales. Se midió el nivel de espiritualidad de los cuidadores y el nivel de resiliencia de los ancianos. La correlación entre las variables se calculó mediante la prueba ρ de Spearman. Resultados: Edad media de los cuidadores 49.6±15.6 años, 64.3% mujeres, 85.7% católicos; 73.8% obtuvo niveles altos de espiritualidad. En los ancianos, edad media 69.9±7.1 años, 59.5% mujeres, 88.1% católicos; el tipo de cáncer predominante fue gástrico y leucemia; 83.3% obtuvo resiliencia alta. Se encontró correlación positiva (r=0.440, p=<0.05) entre la espiritualidad del cuidador y la resiliencia del anciano. Conclusiones: Los resultados constituyen un soporte científico para la Teoría del Cuidado Humano Transpersonal, pues acepta la concepción del ser y del espíritu (trascendencia espiritual) descritos por Jean Watson.
Homeschooling dalam Perspektif Islam
Authors: Muthma'innah M 
Published: April 2024

Tulisan ini mengkaji tentang homeschooling dalam sudut pandang pendidikan Islam. Berdasarkan hasil analisis kepustakaan, homeschooling merupakan proses pendidikan terarah yang dilakukan oleh orang tua dan juga keluarga terhadap anak-anaknya dengan proses belajar mengajar yang kondusif. Dalam Islam, proses pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model homeschooling yang dilakukan oleh orang tua atau keluarga sudah biasa dilakukan. Bahkan, Islam dengan sangat tegas memberikan tanggung jawab langsung pendidikan Islam untuk anaknya kepada orang tua. Orang tualah yang paling pertama dan utama memberikan pendidikan pada putra-putrinya ke arah yang baik agar mereka terbimbing menjadi anak-anak yang dapat dibanggakan kelak di hadapan Allah subhanahu wa ta’ala. Homeschooling berdasarkan perspektif pendidikan Islam mempunyai dasar dalam Al-Qur’an dan as-sunnah.
EFFECTIVENESS, OUTCOME, AND SAFETY OF VITAMIN D SUPPLEMENTATION IN PATIENTS WITH PSORIASIS: A COMPREHENSIVE SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Yulianto Ronald , Aristika Gunawan Ellen 
Published: April 2024

Background: Insights into psoriasis as a systemic ailment have spurred the investigation of novel therapies due to dissatisfaction with current treatments and significant quality of life impairment. Vitamin D3 deficiency is implicated in psoriasis pathophysiology, with studies highlighting its impact on keratinocyte regulation and autoimmune disease resistance. This review critically evaluates evidence on high-dose oral vitamin D3 supplementation for psoriasis management, aiming to assess its effectiveness, treatment outcomes, and safety profile to inform clinician.
Methods: This systematic review focused on full-text English literature published between 2017 and 2024 using the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Editorials and review pieces published in the same journal as the submission without a DOI were not accepted. The literature was compiled using PubMed, ScienceDirect, and SagePub, among other online venues.
Result: Our research team initially collected numerous publications from credible sources such as Science Direct, PubMed, and JAMA Dermatology. Employing a meticulous three-tier screening approach, we identified only five papers that were directly pertinent to our ongoing systematic assessment. Subsequently, we conducted a comprehensive examination of the entire text and further selected articles; case control study, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study, randomized controlled trial, a bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization analysis, and observational cross-sectional study.
Conclusion: In conclusion, maintaining serum vitamin D levels above 30 ng/ml may benefit severe psoriasis, while oral vitamin D2 supplementation showed promise in mild cases. Larger trials are needed for severe psoriasis, and future research should explore higher doses. Additionally, a study found no support for monthly vitamin D3 supplementation in older mild psoriasis patients. We confirmed the causal link between vitamin D levels and psoriasis, identified associations with increased risk, and explored effects on atopic dermatitis. While no significant difference was found in serum vitamin D levels between psoriasis patients and controls, lower levels in psoriasis suggest various influences.
Evaluation Method for Technology Readiness Assessment in High-purity Metal Target
Authors: Li Baocheng , Zhang Zhenjie , Che Pengcheng , Liu Ying , Sun Zeming , Yu Ying 
Published: April 2024

Technology readiness level is an assessment tool for technology risk control, widely used in large-scale complex engineering such as military and aerospace industries. High purity metal targets are one of the key materials required for production in fields such as semiconductors, flat panel displays, and solar cells. The technology and process are very complex, which determines the level of technological maturity and will have a significant impact on downstream applications. This article combines the needs of downstream users and establishes a technology maturity evaluation model for high-purity metal targets with "parameters-indicators-data" as the core. It develops a technology maturity evaluation method suitable for high-purity metal targets and uses high-purity cobalt targets as an example for evaluation and application practice. It diagnoses the problems existing in the industrialization process, proposes improvement suggestions, and helps target production enterprises continuously improve and enhance.
The Effect of Light Interventions on Nap Quality and Subjective Alertness
Authors: Wu Yuhao , Yang Yuanli , Liu Kai , Cheng Min , Ren Genxing , Zou Nianyu , Yu Ling , He Xiaoyang 
Published: April 2024

The human eyes can perceive light even when napping during the day. In order to further investigate the effects of constant light exposure during napping on nap quality and subjective alertness, seven lighting conditions were designed in this paper, L0 (darkness), L1 (60 lx, 2800 k), L2 (300 lx, 2800 k), L3 (600 lx, 2800 k), L4 (60 lx, 5800 k), L5 (300 lx, 5800 k), L6 (600 lx, 5800 k). 12 participants were invited to perform a 30-minute light intervention nap experiment. Participants' Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Electroencephalographic (EEG), Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS), skin temperature, and heart rate data were recorded. The results show that at L2 afternoon nap, θ band share is higher than other lighting conditions. At L6 afternoon nap, the δ band share was the lowest. High illuminance and low CCT significantly affected immediate subjective alertness during nap wakefulness, but reduced afternoon alertness was not related to light during nap. Although post-nap vigilance was lowest in L0 darkness, it rose rapidly to a maximum within 30 min of waking. From 0-25 min of napping, heart rate decreased significantly at L1 vs. L4, and skin temperature increased significantly at L2 vs. L5. None of the seven lighting conditions (L0-L6) inhibited participants' napping to a greater extent, and high illuminance and high colour temperature did not significantly increase the level of nap arousal (25-30 min).