bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paired fins in vertebrate evolution and ontogeny
Authors: Bayramov Andrey V. , Yastrebov Sergey A. , Mednikov Dmitry N. , Araslanova Karina R. , Ermakova Galina V. , Zaraisky Andrey G. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe origin of paired appendages became one of the most important adaptations of vertebrates, allowing them to lead active lifestyles and explore a wide range of ecological niches. The basic form of paired appendages in evolution is the fins of fishes. The problem of paired appendages has attracted the attention of researchers for more than 150 years. During this time, a number of theories have been proposed, mainly based on morphological data, two of which, the Balfour‐Thacher‐Mivart lateral fold theory and Gegenbaur's gill arch theory, have not lost their relevance. So far, however, none of the proposed ideas has been supported by decisive evidence. The study of the evolutionary history of the appearance and development of paired appendages lies at the intersection of several disciplines and involves the synthesis of paleontological, morphological, embryological, and genetic data. In this review, we attempt to summarize and discuss the results accumulated in these fields and to analyze the theories put forward regarding the prerequisites and mechanisms that gave rise to paired fins and limbs in vertebrates.
Appraisal of the IADT fellowship – A member survey
Authors: Onetto Juan , Sobczak Michal , Skapetis Tony , Kahler Bill , Tishkina Olga , Van Gorp Geertje , O'Connell Anne C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground/AimThe International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) is considered the foremost authority in Dental Traumatology. Fellowship status was introduced in 2015 and is considered an international standard of excellence. The Fellowship Committee of the IADT believed it was essential to survey members seeking information on the benefits of the IADT Fellowship and potential considerations for future development. This survey aimed to explore the perceptions of members of IADT surrounding the fellowship process in terms of interest, accessibility, equality, perceived prestige, and value to the membership.Material and MethodsThe survey was sent to 546 IADT members, of whom 89 were fellows (as of 31 July 2022) from 74 countries via an email invitation. Answers were analysed using the Chi2 and Fisher's exact test (p < .05).ResultsThe response rate to the survey was 20.69% (n = 113), including 28 fellows (24.78%). Forty‐six respondents (40.71%) were female, and 67 (59.30%) were male. Dentists identified as specialists were significantly more likely to be involved in teaching dental trauma (p = .000008). A majority of respondents (87.76%; 86/98) expressed interest in obtaining fellowship, with increased interest from more recent graduates. Learning opportunities, obtaining expertise, networking and a sense of community and prestige, were key factors in considering fellowship. There was interest in alternate pathways other than examination alone, with 60.2% of 98 respondents suggesting a combination of publications /service to IADT/ reviewer for Dental Traumatology, 57.14% suggesting the submission of case reports, and 42.86% suggesting Honorary Fellowship. Respondents (73%) were willing to participate in online discussion forums and other professional development opportunities. This preference was more notable among non‐fellows (75.29%) than fellows (67.85%).ConclusionsThe survey indicates the diverse motivations and perceptions regarding the IADT Fellowship, despite the low participation of IADT members. Achieving fellowship status is desired by 87.7% of non‐fellows. The majority of respondents were aware of the process, but main concerns were identified as eligibility criteria and examination difficulty. Options for alternate pathways and other initiatives promoting engagement were identified. Further exploration of these issues is required to be representative of the entire IADT membership. Addressing these obstacles could significantly enhance fellowship participation and overall member satisfaction within the IADT community.
A systematic search, heuristic evaluation and analysis of dental trauma mobile applications
Authors: Walia Tarun , Muthu M. S. , Saikia Ankita , Anthonappa Robert , Satyanarayana M. S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundDespite the exponential growth of mobile device applications in promoting awareness on traumatic dental injuries (TDIs), the overall validity of existing applications in content, engagement, usability, functionality, esthetics, and user perception remains largely uncertain.AimsThe primary aim was to systematically search and assess the quality, functionality, perceived impact and usability of available applications related to TDIs using the User Version of the Mobile Application Rating Scale (uMARS) and the Coventry, Aberdeen, and London–Revised (CA‐LO‐RE) scale. A heuristic evaluation was additionally performed. The secondary aim was to categorize existing mobile applications according to their target users, including general population, dentists, dental students, medical healthcare professionals, and researchers.MethodsA systematic search for dental trauma applications (free and paid) was conducted using the AppStore and Google Play store. Two reviewers independently performed data extraction and quality assessment for all the included applications using uMARS and CA‐LO‐RE. A user experience architect conducted a heuristic evaluation.ResultsOnly 6 of the 3061 initially screened applications were eligible for qualitative and quantitative assessments. These applications' average star uMARS rating was 12.5 (standard deviation [SD] 2.6). The mean and SD for the uMARS objective items were as follows: A‐engagement (mean 12.1 [SD 3.3]), B‐functionality (mean 15.5 [SD 1.4]), C‐esthetics (mean 9.5 [SD 2.5]), and D‐information (mean 13 [SD 4.5]). The severity rating for the heuristic evaluation criteria was low to moderate for all the included applications, excluding tooth emergencies with a high severity score.ConclusionDespite moderate quality, functionality, user perception, behavioural impact and usability scores, the inclusion of advanced features to “engagement” and “usability” in existing trauma based apps will enhance their purpose. A design‐thinking approach coupled with interactive features is recommended for future mobile applications on TDIs.
Emerging Ideas: Personal identity and mother–child relationship: Experiences of young adults raised by single mothers by choice
Authors: Huri Yisca , Attar‐Schwartz Shalhevet , Landau Ruth 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis qualitative study examined the experiences of young adults raised by single mothers by choice and the way the circumstances of their upbringing have modeled their personal identity and mother–child relationships.BackgroundBeing conceived through anonymous sperm donation may create uncertainty among children and young adults. However, there is little research on the implications of this situation from the perspective of young adults.MethodIn‐depth narrative interviews were conducted with 21 young Israeli adults born to single mothers by choice as a result of anonymous sperm donation.ResultsThe findings revealed several themes regarding the relationship with the mother, including her image as influential, exclusive, and deeply invested in the relationship. The interviews highlighted anxiety of abandonment and dependency on the mother, who was presented as both powerful and vulnerable or dependent on her child. Participants expressed mix of appreciation and anger toward their mothers' decision. They often conveyed that their mothers had openly and transparently discussed the circumstances surrounding their birth.ConclusionThe experience of children of single mothers by choice conceived by sperm donation is complex, including mixed feelings regarding their relationship with their mother and the effects of the father's absence on their life and identity.ImplicationsThe findings underscore the importance of considering anonymity in sperm donation within policy and bioethical research. Additionally, they carry implications for interventions aimed at supporting single‐mother‐by‐choice families.
Awe of the blue minds: Location, corporate social responsibility, and firm value
Authors: Ismail Ghada 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNeuropsychologists claim that exposure to a massive water scene triggers the feeling of Awe which causes more prosocial behavior. I find that coastal firms have significantly higher corporate social responsibility (CSR) scores than non‐coastal firms. The difference‐in‐difference test shows that CSR engagement erodes when firms relocate away from coasts. These results are robust to the use of propensity score matching and entropy balancing to address selection bias, Oster's test to address omitted variable bias, and control for institutional ownership, social capital, religiosity, CEO and local political orientation, and natural disaster risk. Further analysis shows that CSR creates value only for coastal firms.
A practical method based on gas chromatography–mass spectrometry combined with chemometrics for the identification of Moutai liquor
Authors: Zhang Jian , Yin Baohua , Lian Zhe , Sun Huihui , Zhang Guannan , Li Zhihao , Zhang Xiuxiu , Liu Zhenxing , Qi Fengliang , Zou Jixin , Shi Gaojun 
Published: April 2024

SummaryThe cases of fake Moutai‐flavour liquor have occurred frequently, seriously disrupting market economic order, therefore it is of great significance to realise the Moutai‐flavour liquor identification. Herein, an approach based on GC–MS technology coupled with chemometrics was established to achieve products identification and origins traceability. The normalised metabolite data were analysed by PCA, OPLS‐DA and volcano plot to screen differential metabolites. The heatmap visualisation and boxplot were used to explore the correlation between chemical markers and liquor samples. PLS‐DA model realised the accurate classification of Moutai‐flavour liquor samples using the screened chemical markers. All Moutai‐flavour liquor samples of the prediction set were accurately differentiated with 100% accuracy during the external verification. This study indicated that an approach based on GC–MS coupled with chemometrics has great potential for products identification and source tracing, thus providing technical support for combating crime of fake Moutai‐flavour liquor.
The attitudes of nurses towards seclusion: A New Zealand in‐patient mental health setting
Authors: Pohatu Carly , Kake Tai 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSeclusion is a form of restraint practised in mental health services world‐wide, and has been criticised as unethical and traumatising to patients. Several countries have committed to reducing or eliminating seclusion. In New Zealand, there has been a focus on reducing seclusion of the indigenous Māori population, who experience particularly high rates. Nurses typically lead decisions to place patients in seclusion and their attitudes towards seclusion likely influence this process. This study aimed to address the primary question: what are the attitudes of registered nurses towards the use of seclusion? A mixed methods pragmatic approach was used involving qualitative interviews of nurses working in a high seclusion mental health ward located in the North Island of New Zealand, and a quantitative analysis of the seclusion data from this ward. This report is adherent with COREQ and STROBE. Thirteen nurses were interviewed and four main themes were identified: seclusion is necessary; seclusion is being used unnecessarily; nurse characteristics influence the use of seclusion; nurses perceived their ward culture to be improving in the use of seclusion. However, analysis of seclusion data indicated that rates had been increasing for this ward prior to this study, and the rates for indigenous Māori patients were especially elevated. This pattern of increasing rates was congruent with the ‘supportive’ attitudes of nurses towards seclusion. Interestingly, during the time of this study, the seclusion rates began to decline, including for Māori patients. This decline may have been partially due to the increased awareness prompted by the study.
Nurses’ level of sleepiness during night shift
Authors: Kaplan Ali , Ozdemir Cevriye , Bulbul Emre 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to determine the peak hours of sleepiness and the factors affecting the sleepiness levels of nurses.BackgroundSleepiness is commonly seen in individuals working night shifts. However, in case of nurses, this sleepiness can be a major threat to patient and staff safety.MethodThis was a prospective cross‐sectional study. Data were collected between July and September 2023, and a stratified sampling method was used according to the departments in which the nurses worked. Data were collected using the Personal Information Form and Visual Analog Scale. Nurses reported their sleepiness levels at the beginning of each hour between midnight and 8:00 am.EQUATOR checklistThe study adhered to the STROBE checklist for reporting.ResultsThe mean sleepiness levels of emergency department nurses, intensive care nurses, internal or surgical clinic nurses, and all nurses were 59.75 ± 15.50, 43.53 ± 20.49, 44.67 ± 18.88, and 49.15 ± 19.67, respectively. The highest sleepiness level of the nurses was at 05:00 am. A significant correlation was found between the variables of age, gender, marital status, sleep quality, number of patients cared, working style and satisfaction with working in the department, and sleepiness level (P < 0.05).ConclusionNurses working night shifts experience sleepiness (highest at 5:00 am). In addition, the sleepiness levels of nurses are affected by some personal and clinical factors.Implications for nursing and nursing policyBased on the results, there is a need for necessary policies regarding nurses' working hours and working conditions. To protect patient and employee safety, necessary strategies should be devised regarding the hours when nurses experience the highest sleepiness and the factors affecting sleepiness levels.
Assessing digital capabilities for digital transformation—The MIND framework
Authors: Baiyere Abayomi , Salmela Hannu , Nieminen Harri , Kankainen Tomi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWith the rise in the advances and adoption of digital technologies and evolving business dynamics, we live in an era where many organisations are embarking on digital transformation. To stay relevant, however, organisations struggle to comprehensively outline the digital capabilities they have or need in relation to the digital transformation objectives they aim for. This struggle stems from the paucity of knowledge and practical guidance on how to assess the digital capabilities of organisations relative to their desired digital transformation goals. This paper presents a framework (MIND Framework) for assessing digital capabilities in four critical areas – Management (M), Infrastructure (I), Networking/Sourcing (N), and Development (D) – abstracted from prior literature. The framework assesses digital capability status in each area in relation to the organisation's stated digital transformation goals. MIND, which is an outcome of a multi‐year design science research project, helps organisations assess their current capability status and create a pathway for navigating from their current status to the desired transformation state. In this article, we describe an in‐depth application of the MIND framework in assessing the digital capabilities of an incumbent company in the digital transformation process. Based on this, we illustrate how the framework can provide valuable insights and attitudinal shifts in an organisation's digital transformation efforts. We further abstract from the case to demonstrate how the assessment of an organisation's digital capabilities can provide valuable insights and critical input for any organisation embarking on a digital transformation journey. We conclude with a detailed guideline on how organisations can apply the MIND framework in their transformation journey.
Bortezomib suppresses acute myelogenous leukaemia stem‐like KG‐1a cells via NF‐κB inhibition and the induction of oxidative stress
Authors: Costa Rafaela G. A. , Oliveira Maiara de S. , Rodrigues Ana Carolina B. da C. , Silva Suellen L. R. , Dias Ingrid R. S. B. , Soares Milena B. P. , de Faro Valverde Ludmila , Gurgel Rocha Clarissa Araujo , Dias Rosane Borges , Bezerra Daniel P. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAcute myelogenous leukaemia (AML) originates and is maintained by leukaemic stem cells (LSCs) that are inherently resistant to antiproliferative therapies, indicating that a critical strategy for overcoming chemoresistance in AML therapy is to eradicate LSCs. In this work, we investigated the anti‐AML activity of bortezomib (BTZ), emphasizing its anti‐LSC potential, using KG‐1a cells, an AML cell line with stem‐like properties. BTZ presented potent cytotoxicity to both solid and haematological malignancy cells and reduced the stem‐like features of KG‐1a cells, as observed by the reduction in CD34‐ and CD123‐positive cells. A reduction in NF‐κB p65 nuclear staining was observed in BTZ‐treated KG‐1a cells, in addition to upregulation of the NF‐κB inhibitor gene NFΚBIB. BTZ‐induced DNA fragmentation, nuclear condensation, cell shrinkage and loss of transmembrane mitochondrial potential along with an increase in active caspase‐3 and cleaved PARP‐(Asp 214) level in KG‐1a cells. Furthermore, BTZ‐induced cell death was partially prevented by pretreatment with the pancaspase inhibitor Z‐VAD‐(OMe)‐FMK, indicating that BTZ induces caspase‐mediated apoptosis. BTZ also increased mitochondrial superoxide levels in KG‐1a cells, and BTZ‐induced apoptosis was partially prevented by pretreatment with the antioxidant N‐acetylcysteine, indicating that BTZ induces oxidative stress‐mediated apoptosis in KG‐1a cells. At a dosage of 0.1 mg/kg every other day for 2 weeks, BTZ significantly reduced the percentage of hCD45‐positive cells in the bone marrow and peripheral blood of NSG mice engrafted with KG‐1a cells with tolerable toxicity. Taken together, these data indicate that the anti‐LSC potential of BTZ appears to be an important strategy for AML treatment.
Paediatric cutaneous lymphomas including rare subtypes: A 40‐year experience at a tertiary referral centre
Authors: Alberti‐Violetti Silvia , Avallone Gianluca , Colonna Cristiana , Tavoletti Gianluca , Venegoni Luigia , Merlo Valentina , Cambiaghi Stefano , Marzano Angelo V. , Berti Emilio , Cavalli Riccardo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrimary cutaneous lymphomas are neoplasms of the immune system with a distinct tropism for the skin and an absence of extracutaneous manifestations at the time of diagnosis. Studies focusing on cutaneous lymphomas in children and adolescents remain scarce and often do not encompass the rare subtypes.ObjectivesTo address this knowledge gap by describing the clinical, histological and molecular characteristics of a large group of paediatric patients affected by primary cutaneous lymphoma. We also provided the Paediatric Primary Cutaneous Lymphoma Atlas that illustrates the clinicopathological spectrum of observed presentations, in the hope of supporting other physicians in the diagnostic process.MethodsRetrospective chart review of paediatric patients diagnosed with primary cutaneous lymphomas between 1980 and 2022 at the Paediatric Dermatology Unit of Fondazione IRCCS Ca′ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan.ResultsA total of 101 patients (58 males, 43 females) met the inclusion criteria. The most common subtypes were lymphomatoid papulosis (n = 48) and mycosis fungoides (n = 31). These were followed by primary cutaneous CD4+ small/medium T‐cell lymphoproliferative disorders (n = 7), primary cutaneous anaplastic large‐cell lymphomas (n = 5), primary cutaneous marginal zone B‐cell lymphomas (n = 3), primary cutaneous follicle centre lymphomas (n = 2), subcutaneous panniculitis‐like T‐cell lymphomas (n = 2), primary cutaneous peripheral T‐cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (n = 1), primary cutaneous precursor B‐lymphoblastic lymphoma (n = 1) and Sézary syndrome (n = 1). Clinical follow‐up data covering a median of 70.8 months (range 1–324) were available for 74 patients, of whom three died due to cutaneous lymphoma.ConclusionsOur findings shed light on the peculiar aspects and long‐term outcomes of paediatric cutaneous lymphomas, particularly emphasizing their distinctive features in comparison to their adult counterparts and exploring the less common subtypes. Further larger‐scale studies are warranted to better characterize these entities and to achieve a more rapid and accurate diagnosis.
Taxonomical use of scale ornamentation: Challenges by intraspecific and intra‐individual variations in four adult specimens of Polypterus bichir
Authors: Coelho Marcos Vinícius , Cupello Camila , Brito Paulo M. , Otero Olga 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMany actinopterygian fish groups, including fossil and extant polypteriforms and lepisosteiforms, fossil halecomorphs, and some basal teleosts, have stout bony scales covered by layers of ganoin—an enamel layer ornamented with minute tubercles. Ganoid scales preserve well as disarticulated remains and notably constitute most of the fossil record for polypteriform in both South America and Africa. Based on two variables (tubercle size and distance between tubercles), some authors reported that the ganoin tubercle ornamentation in these scales is constant within a species and differs between species and allows distinguishing species or at least groups of species. However, despite its promising potential for assessing polypteriform paleodiversity, this tool has remained unused, probably because the variables are not well defined, and intraspecific variation does not seem to have been considered. To address this gap, we aimed to test the intraspecific and intra‐individual variation in the ornamentation of ganoid scales in the type species Polypterus bichir. We propose three different parameters to describe the tubercle ornamentation: the distance between contiguous tubercles centers, their density, and their relative spatial organization. With these parameters, we investigate the variation in ganoin ornamentation among four specimens and across different regions of the body. Our results show that the distribution of the tubercles is highly variable within a same species, regardless of the body region, and sometimes even between different sectors of a same scale. Moreover, the variation observed in P. bichir overlaps with the distribution described in the literature for several extant and fossil species. Thus far, the ornamentation of ganoid scales is not a reliable diagnostical feature for polypterids.