bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Museality as a Matrix of the Production, Reception, and Circulation of Knowledge Concerning Religion
Authors: Triplett Katja , Grieser Alexandra , Hermann Adrian 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAesthetics of religion focuses on the sensual and representational aspects of religion and develops appropriate terminological tools. The idea of museality as an analytical and heuristic term for culture analysis is specified in the present paper by linking it to the history and dynamics of knowledge. Museums as institutions and cultural practice play a crucial role in the orders and politics of knowledge about religion in Europe. By means of different examples, museality is described as a specific and historically generated cultural pattern of perceiving, imagining, and knowing about religion in modernity. The examples focus on the production of different qualities of knowledge in exhibitions relating to religion, on transitions between religion and science in museums, and on popularisation as a mode of the circulation of knowledge about religion.These reflections on museality and knowledge dynamics could provide new potentials for inter-connective academic research, as well as for trans-disciplinary cooperation between the study of religion and museums.
Reflections on 'Museality' as a Critical Term in the Aesthetics of Religion
Authors: Mohr Hubert 
Published: March 2011

Abstract'Museality' and 'museal' can be viewed as perceptible qualities of a social—and thus also religious—complex of forms of expression, representation, and action, which have become consolidated in modern times in Europe in the institution of the 'museum,' but which are not restricted to it as group-specific and individual representation patterns. The basic aim of this article is to show that there is a 'museal principle' which, like theatrality, permeates both social and individual action, which is not restricted to the European tradition, and which can described by the term 'museality.' Taking a combined perspective of cultural anthropology and the aesthetics of religion the following study understands the 'museal principle' as a social practice, a perceptible and productive gesture and habitus centred around the collecting and exhibiting of artifacts. The prototype of museality is the modern European institution of the 'museum' that is found also in premodern and religious contexts: cathedral treasures, church interiors, cemeteries are types of museal practice and aesthetics, as well as home altars, private collections, or ensembles of sacred buildings.
Memory, Religion and Museal Spaces
Authors: Kugele Jens , Jahn Maud , Quack Johannes 
Published: March 2011

AbstractFor centuries, nativity scenes have been used to illustrate, teach, and commemorate central biblical stories in a tangible display. Oscillating between public crib exhibitions at the museum and crib displays in private homes, the dynamics between individual and collective re-narration, re-construction, re-experience, and re-membering lead to the construction of a collective memory within specific political contexts. The article suggests the term 'museality' as a heuristic tool to capture the vivid interdependences of museal spaces within and beyond the museum as a cultural institution. The construction, decoration, arrangement, and display of crib scenes are a complex example of such museal spaces. Beyond the institutionalised Christian tradition, nativity scenes have their place in the larger context of the European history of religion and invite future research within the analytical framework of the aesthetics of religion.
Politics of Representation—Normativity in Museum Practice
Authors: Luepken Anja 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis article explores the relevance of normativity for the critical term 'museality.' The normative structures that become visible in museum practice are outlined in connection with the practice of appropriation. The relations between museum practice and the ruling paradigm of incumbent political systems are shown as strategies of legitimization. An additional focus is laid on the blurred boundaries between museums and temples. Finally, the 'ethization' of museums in recent decades is discussed. It is shown that normativity is a central aspect of museality, being correlated to all its facets.
Looking Different: Images of Hindu Deities in Temple and Museum Spaces
Authors: Luchesi Brigitte 
Published: March 2011

AbstractEuropeans familiar with sacred Hindu art from visits to museums often are perplexed when they encounter similar objects in temples and sacred sites. The exhibits tend to look different. This can be explained by the different ways to present them as well as the different underlying conceptions which in turn guide the perception and behaviour of the beholders.
The Dancing Shiva: South Indian Processional Bronze, Museum Artwork, and Universal Icon
Authors: Beltz Johannes 
Published: March 2011

AbstractToday, in addition to the Om sign or the image of Ganesha, the image of the dancing Shiva is one of the best known Hindu symbols in the world: the 'Nataraja' is not only omnipresent in museums; his image adorns holy cards, posters, holiday brochures, as well as countless websites and diverse esoteric and academic book covers. This article examines how this image could attain such great popularity. It focuses on processes of cultural appropriation and reinterpretation. Originally a southern Indian processional bronze, the dancing Shiva became transformed into a museum artwork and a universal icon. This paper traces the different actors, networks and interactions behind this career from southern Indian temples to the stages of the Western world.
Improvement and Implementation of a Parameterization for Shallow Cumulus in the Global Climate Model ECHAM5-HAM
Authors: Isotta Francesco A. , Spichtinger P. , Lohmann U. , von Salzen K. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA transient shallow-convection scheme is implemented into the general circulation model ECHAM5 and the coupled aerosol model HAM, developed at the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology in Hamburg. The shallow-convection scheme is extended to take the ice phase into account. In addition, a detailed double-moment microphysics approach has been added. In this approach, the freezing processes and precipitation formation are dependent on aerosols. Furthermore, in the scheme, tracers are transported and scavenged consistently as in the rest of the model. Results of a single-column model simulation for the Barbados Oceanography and Meteorology Experiment (BOMEX) campaign are compared with previously published large-eddy simulation (LES) results. Compared to the standard version, the global ECHAM5-HAM simulations with the newly implemented scheme show a decreased frequency of shallow convection in better agreement with LES. Less shallow convection is compensated by more stratus and stratocumulus. Deep and especially midlevel convection are markedly affected by those changes, which in turn influence high-level clouds. Generally, a better agreement with the observations can be obtained. For a better understanding of the scheme’s impact and to test different setting parameters, sensitivity analyses are performed. The mixing properties, cloud-base vertical velocity, and launching layer of the test parcel, respectively, are varied. In this context, results from simulations without shallow convection are also presented.
Cochlear Implantation in Developing Countries as Humanitarian Service
Authors: Saunders James , Barrs David 
Published: March 2011

ObjectiveTo make recommendations concerning cochlear implantation during humanitarian medical trips by exploring the attitudes of US cochlear implant surgeons.Study DesignCross‐sectional survey.SettingAcademic.Subjects and MethodsQuestionnaires were sent to 405 members of the William House Cochlear Implant Study Group. The 198 respondents (49%), all active cochlear implant surgeons, were divided into 3 groups depending on their level of experience working in a developing country.ResultsEighty‐nine percent of respondents supported cochlear implants in these environments, although 42% of these cochlear implant surgeons stated that they would modify their criteria for implantation considering the challenges in developing countries. There was strong support for cochlear implants in postlingual deafened patients and prelingual deafened patients under the age of 3 years, although nearly half of respondents (48%) would not implant prelingual deafened patients after they reached the age of 3 years. Three‐quarters of respondents (74%) believed that developing countries should have the same access to current multichannel devices used in developed countries, as opposed to simpler, possibly lower cost devices. A local audiologist was deemed the most important personnel requirement (83%), and limited audiology and rehabilitative resources were the greatest postoperative concern rather than lack of postoperative care or infection.ConclusionThis survey strongly supports the practice of performing cochlear implants during humanitarian trips to developing countries and makes best‐practice recommendations to make outcomes successful.
Migraine features, associated symptoms and triggers: A principal component analysis in the Women’s Health Study
Authors: Schürks Markus , Buring Julie E , Kurth Tobias 
Published: March 2011

Aims: Migraine has a wide clinical spectrum. Our aim was to group information on migraine characteristics into meaningful components and to identify key components of the migraine phenotype. Methods: We performed two principal component analyses, one among participants in the Women’s Health Study enrollment cohort and one in a sub-cohort with additional migraine-specific information. Results: Among the 9427 women with migraine attack–related information at enrollment, the three most important components pertained to central nervous system (CNS) sensitization, attack frequency/pain location and aura/visual phenomena. In the subgroup of 1675 women with more detailed information, food triggers and unspecific symptoms constituted two principal components that explain more of the variance of the migraine phenotype than the three attack–related components. Conclusions: Our results indicate that information on migraine-associated features, symptoms and triggers is highly correlated, allowing the extraction of principal components. Migraine attack–related symptoms are best summarized by symptoms related to CNS sensitization, attack frequency/pain location and aura/visual phenomena. Taking a more general view, unspecific symptoms and food triggers appear to carry stronger importance in characterizing the migraine phenotype. These components are useful for future research on the pathophysiology and genetics of migraine and may have implications for diagnosing and treating patients.
Platelet Activation by Collagen Provides Sustained Release of Anabolic Cytokines
Authors: Harrison Sophia , Vavken Patrick , Kevy Sherwin , Jacobson May , Zurakowski David , Murray Martha M. 
Published: March 2011

Background: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been increasingly used in sports medicine applications. Platelets are thought to release growth factors important in wound healing, including transforming growth factor (TGF-β1), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-AB), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). However, little is known about the effect of platelet activator choice on growth factor release kinetics. Hypothesis: The choice of platelet activator would affect the timing and level of growth factor release from PRP. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Platelet-rich plasma aliquots were activated with either thrombin or collagen. A control group of whole blood aliquots was clotted with thrombin. Supernatant containing the released growth factors was collected daily for 1 week. Levels of TGF-β1, PDGF-AB, and VEGF were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The use of thrombin as an activator resulted in immediate release of TGF-β1 and PDGF-AB, while the collagen-activated PRP clots released similar amounts each day for 5 days. The use of collagen as an activator resulted in an 80% greater cumulative release of TGF-β1 from the PRP aliquots over 7 days ( P < .001). Concentrating platelets to 3 times the systemic blood level resulted in a 3-fold higher release of TGF-β1, 2.5-fold greater release of PDGF, and 5-fold greater release of VEGF (all P < .0001) when compared with whole blood control clots, but no significant differences in the timing of release were noted. Conclusion: These experiments demonstrated that the choice of platelet activator can significantly influence the release kinetics of cytokines from PRP, with thrombin resulting in an immediate release and collagen having a more sustained release pattern. Clinical Relevance: The level and rate of growth factor release depends on the selected platelet activator, a factor that should be considered when selecting a PRP system for a given application.
Persuasion: Infusing advocacy practice with insights from anti-oppression practice
Authors: Curry-Stevens Ann 
Published: March 2011

• Summary: The role of social work has not, to date, been sufficiently explored in persuasive policy practice. This article draws upon messages from a study about the motivators used by educators to reach more privileged learners on issues of social justice. Applying messages to policy practice allows advocates to comprehensively craft advocacy practices that draw from these motivators, which have been shown to enlist support from more privileged power holders in social justice issues. • Findings: This article confirms the importance of Goodman’s motivators (2000 , 2001 ) of empathy, values and beliefs, spirituality, and self-interest; a deeper complexity about how to effectively use these motivators is explored. The research reveals that another four categories of motivators can be added to persuasion strategies: guilt, anger, desire to create a legacy, and a universal yearning for justice. • Applications: The contribution of this article is to advance the strategic dimensions of advocacy efforts undertaken by social workers. It seeks to inspire practitioners of the need to move away from a value-neutral position of social work (where practitioners avoid using their influence to obtain specific outcomes) to exploring the strategic value of being as persuasive as possible, in order to advance social justice among policy-makers.
Spirituality vis-à-vis Muslim Filipino families: Implications for social work intervention
Authors: Hall Ronald E 
Published: March 2011

• Summary: Although social work literature acknowledges spirituality, Islamic spirituality has been neglected as a practice resource. • Findings: Among the various Muslim populations, Islamic spirituality was found to be fundamental. The psychological well-being of Filipino Muslims is thus contingent upon access to said spirituality. It is not compulsory that social workers endorse client belief systems, but they should acknowledge such systems as critical to the client’s frame of reference as in the case of Juvy. • Applications: Toward the end of her first semester at a Christian college, Juvy became increasingly overwhelmed with stress. The Islamic support system applied by the social worker resulted in a therapeutic experience which significantly reduced the client’s level of stress. Thus, it is essential for social workers to become informed about Islamic spirituality vis-à-vis Filipinos and other Muslim clientele.
Rapid molecular screening for meticillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) carriage: an economic evaluation
Authors: Scott MA , Panesar P. , Grosso AM , Urquhart R. , Jeanes A. , Wilson APR 
Published: March 2011

Aim: To establish the cost-effectiveness of screen-A ing and treating meticillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) carriers, potentially reducing both financial and clinical burdens of managing healthcare-acquired infections. Methods: A decision health economic model analysed the impact of a ‘screen and treat’ strategy for Hospital inpatients from the perspective of the UK National Health Service. Results: Cost savings in excess of £600k and around 840 potential infections could be avoided in a 70,000 patient cohort, at a nasal carriage prevalence of 30%. For 2000 high infection risk cardiothoracic surgery patients, cost savings could reach £8,636 per annum. The dominance of the ‘screen and treat’ strategy holds for plausible variations in the model parameter values and simple modelling of secondary transmission. Conclusion: Adopting rapid screening and treating MSSA nasal carriers should be clinically and financially advantageous, compared to current strategies of not screening, even under conservative assumptions for costs and probabilities of managing infections.
Context-dependent function of “GATA switch” sites in vivo
Authors: Snow Jonathan W. , Trowbridge Jennifer J. , Johnson Kirby D. , Fujiwara Tohru , Emambokus Nikla E. , Grass Jeffrey A. , Orkin Stuart H. , Bresnick Emery H. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Master transcriptional regulators of development often function through dispersed cis elements at endogenous target genes. While cis-elements are routinely studied in transfection and transgenic reporter assays, it is challenging to ascertain how they function in vivo. To address this problem in the context of the locus encoding the critical hematopoietic transcription factor Gata2, we engineered mice lacking a cluster of GATA motifs 2.8 kb upstream of the Gata2 transcriptional start site. We demonstrate that the −2.8 kb site confers maximal Gata2 expression in hematopoietic stem cells and specific hematopoietic progenitors. By contrast to our previous demonstration that a palindromic GATA motif at the neighboring −1.8 kb site maintains Gata2 repression in terminally differentiating erythroid cells, the −2.8 kb site was not required to initiate or maintain repression. These analyses reveal qualitatively distinct functions of 2 GATA motif-containing regions in vivo.
Surface expression patterns of negative regulatory molecules identify determinants of virus-specific CD8+ T-cell exhaustion in HIV infection
Authors: Yamamoto Takuya , Price David A. , Casazza Joseph P. , Ferrari Guido , Nason Martha , Chattopadhyay Pratip K. , Roederer Mario , Gostick Emma , Katsikis Peter D. , Douek Daniel C. , Haubrich Richard , Petrovas Constantinos , Koup Richard A. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
A highly complex network of coinhibitory and costimulatory receptors regulates the outcome of virus-specific CD8+ T-cell responses. Here, we report on the expression patterns of multiple inhibitory receptors on HIV-specific, cytomegalovirus-specific, and bulk CD8+ T-cell memory populations. In contrast to cytomegalovirus-specific CD8+ T cells, the majority of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells exhibited an immature phenotype and expressed Programmed Death-1, CD160 and 2B4 but not lymphocyte activation gene-3. Notably, before antiretroviral therapy, simultaneous expression of these negative regulators correlated strongly with both HIV load and impaired cytokine production. Suppression of HIV replication by antiretroviral therapy was associated with reduced surface expression of inhibitory molecules on HIV-specific CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, in vitro manipulation of Programmed Death-1 and 2B4 inhibitory pathways increased the proliferative capacity of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells. Thus, multiple coinhibitory receptors can affect the development of HIV-specific CD8+ T-cell responses and, by extension, represent potential targets for new immune-based interventions in HIV-infected persons.
Malignant hematologic diseases in adolescents and young adults
Authors: Wood William A. , Lee Stephanie J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAdolescents and young adults (AYA) with cancer have been designated as a vulnerable population by the National Cancer Institute. This group, defined by the ages of 16-39 years, has not enjoyed the same survival improvements over the past several decades as older and younger cohorts. Several barriers prevent the optimal delivery of oncologic care in this subpopulation. This review will describe these challenges in the context of the major hematologic malignancies affecting this population (acute lymphoblastic leukemia [ALL], acute myeloid leukemia [AML], Hodgkin lymphoma [HL], and non-Hodgkin lymphoma [NHL]). For example, historical differences in care delivery between pediatric and adult health care systems have created confusion about optimal treatment planning for AYAs, a population that spans the pediatric-adult divide. In the case of ALL, retrospective studies have demonstrated significantly better outcomes when AYAs are treated according to pediatric and not adult protocols. Additional challenges more specific to AYAs include increased treatment-related toxicity relative to younger patients; less access to care and, specifically, access to clinical trials; lower adherence to medications and treatment plans; and psychosocial stressors relevant to individuals at this stage of life. Recognizing and responding to these challenges in AYAs may create opportunities to improve the cancer outcomes of this group.
Le Rôle Des Femmes Dans L'évangélisation Protestante de Tahiti Et Des Îles « Adjacentes »
Authors: Malogne-Fer Gwendoline 
Published: March 2011

Les écrits des circumnavigateurs contribuent à la fin du dix-huitième siècle à forger le mythe de Tahiti en décrivant la très grande liberté sexuelle des Polynésiens. Si cette liberté sexuelle est le plus souvent vantée dans les écrits des circumnavigateurs, elle est en revanche fortement critiquée par les missionnaires protestants. Cet article analyse, dans un premier temps, comment les missionnaires protestants britanniques de la London Missionary Society (1797–1863) puis les missionnaires protestants français de la Société des missions évangéliques de Paris ont contribué à l'élaboration de normes sexuées illustrées par l'obligation du mariage. Dans un second temps, la lecture de la littérature missionnaire fait apparaître un rôle actif des femmes, occidentales et polynésiennes, dans l'évangélisation de Tahiti et des « îles adjacentes ». Mais ce dynamisme suscite parfois l'inquiétude des missionnaires occidentaux soucieux dans le cadre de la « mission civilisatrice » de maintenir les hiérarchies de sexe et de « race ».
The accounts of eighteenth-century explorers forged the Tahitian myth of the great sexual freedom enjoyed by Polynesians. While these explorers were inclined to praise such freedom, Protestant missionaries strongly disapproved of it. This article examines how first the British Protestant missionaries from the London Missionary Society (1797–1863) and then the French missionaries from the Société des Missions Evangéliques de Paris contributed to the elaboration of new sexual norms, exemplified in the marriage commitment. The article also examines missionary literature to shed light on the active role played by both Western and Polynesian women in the evangelization of Tahiti and its “adjacent islands.” It shows how the dynamism of these women sometimes worried the Western male missionaries, who, as part of their “civilizing mission,” aimed to maintain hierarchies of gender and race.