bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anisotropic complex permittivity measurement using a microstrip air line
Authors: Li Qunying , Wu Changying 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A microstrip air line system for measuring the complex permittivity of anisotropic materials in the band from 0.3 to 1 GHz is proposed. The multireflect-thru method is used to calibrate the measurement system in the whole band with a single microstrip air line without suffering from the limited space resolution of time-gating technique. During the measurement, the material under test (MUT) is placed both above and below the strip. With this deployment, the TEM mode propagates along the microstrip in the MUT. Therefore, it is possible to measure the anisotropic permittivity. Since a small portion of the electric field is parallel to the ground plane around two edges of the strip, the extracted property is not purely along one direction. To obtain higher accuracy, with the help of linear combination, the properties along two directions are disentangled by two measurements. For validation of the method, an isotropic material and an anisotropic material in the microstrip air line were simulated and their permittivities were extracted from simulation results. An anisotropic material polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and two anisotropic materials, FR4 and honeycomb absorber, were measured. The results of PTFE show that there is a maximum relative error of 1.4% and 2.5% for the permittivity extracted from simulation and measurement, respectively. The validity and the accuracy of the system for measuring anisotropic materials are verified by the simulation and measurement results.
Implementation of 3D-focusing in an ion momentum spectrometer
Authors: Wu Ruichang , Ding Bocheng , Liao Jianfeng , Feng Yunfei , Wu Kefei , Jin Xin , Liu Xiao-Jing 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
An ion momentum spectrometer is used to acquire an ion’s three-dimensional (3D) momentum by measuring its time-of-flight and position. Recently, 3D-focusing techniques were implemented by several groups to improve energy resolution. Here, we build a 3D-focusing momentum spectrometer and apply the nonlinear parameter scaling rule to improve the ion kinetic energy resolution. In the experimental test, the O+/O+ ion pairs are created by focusing 25 fs Ti: sapphire laser pulses on an O2 molecular jet. In the kinetic energy release spectrum of O+/O+ pairs, a resolution of 0.5 eV is obtained at 11.2 eV. Furthermore, the validity of the nonlinear parameter scaling rule is also confirmed in the analysis of O+/CO+ ion pairs from CO2 molecules. So it can be consistently applied to different ions in the spectrometer that uses a pure electric field.
Res2-UNet++: a deep learning image post-processing method for electrical resistance tomography
Authors: Huang Qiushi , Liang Guanghui , Tan Chao , Dong Feng 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The monitoring of multiphase flow distribution in industrial processes in order to optimize production presents a challenge. Electrical resistance tomography (ERT) is a technique used to visualize the inner distribution of multiphase flow. Image reconstruction plays a vital role in ERT. However, the nonlinearity and ill-posedness of inverse problems make image reconstruction in ERT difficult. The development of advanced imaging algorithms has attracted much interest for this purpose. In this work, an improved U-shaped deep learning model is proposed, which combines the advantages of the multi-scale feature extraction of UNet++ and the residual feature fusion of Res2Net. The network is designed to post-process the pre-reconstruction results of traditional ERT image-reconstruction methods, combining the generalization ability of the model-based methods and the flexible feature-extraction advantage of deep learning methods. The post-processing includes super-resolution, image denoising and artifact removal. Simulations and experiments are designed to verify the generalization ability and effectiveness of the proposed post-processing model. Both simulation and experimental results show that the proposed U-shaped network approach outperforms other deep learning methods, and the proposed deep learning model is fit for post-processing in ERT, making it a robust solution for applications.
Time-resolved clinical dose volume metrics, calculations and predictions based on source tracking measurements and uncertainties to aid treatment verification and error detection for HDR brachytherapy—a proof-of-principle study
Authors: van Wagenberg Teun , Voncken Robert , van Beveren Celine , Berbee Maaike , van Limbergen Evert , Verhaegen Frank , Paiva Fonseca Gabriel 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective. High-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy lacks routinely available treatment verification methods. Real-time tracking of the radiation source during HDR brachytherapy can enhance treatment verification capabilities. Recent developments in source tracking allow for measurement of dwell times and source positions with high accuracy. However, more clinically relevant information, such as dose discrepancies, is still needed. To address this, a real-time dose calculation implementation was developed to provide more relevant information from source tracking data. A proof-of-principle of the developed tool was shown using source tracking data obtained from a 3D-printed anthropomorphic phantom. Approach. Software was developed to calculate dose-volume-histograms (DVH) and clinical dose metrics from experimental HDR prostate treatment source tracking data, measured in a realistic pelvic phantom. Uncertainty estimation was performed using repeat measurements to assess the inherent dose measuring uncertainty of the in vivo dosimetry (IVD) system. Using a novel approach, the measurement uncertainty can be incorporated in the dose calculation, and used for evaluation of cumulative dose and clinical dose-volume metrics after every dwell position, enabling real-time treatment verification. Main results. The dose calculated from source tracking measurements aligned with the generated uncertainty bands, validating the approach. Simulated shifts of 3 mm in 5/17 needles in a single plan caused DVH deviations beyond the uncertainty bands, indicating errors occurred during treatment. Clinical dose-volume metrics could be monitored in a time-resolved approach, enabling early detection of treatment plan deviations and prediction of their impact on the final dose that will be delivered in real-time. Significance. Integrating dose calculation with source tracking enhances the clinical relevance of IVD methods. Phantom measurements show that the developed tool aids in tracking treatment progress, detecting errors in real-time and post-treatment evaluation. In addition, it could be used to define patient-specific action limits and error thresholds, while taking the uncertainty of the measurement system into consideration.
Characterization of the clinically approved MRI tracer resotran for magnetic particle imaging in a comparison study
Authors: Mohn Fabian , Scheffler Konrad , Ackers Justin , Weimer Agnes , Wegner Franz , Thieben Florian , Ahlborg Mandy , Vogel Patrick , Graeser Matthias , Knopp Tobias 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective. The availability of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with medical approval for human intervention is fundamental to the clinical translation of magnetic particle imaging (MPI). In this work, we thoroughly evaluate and compare the magnetic properties of an magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) approved tracer to validate its performance for MPI in future human trials. Approach. We analyze whether the recently approved MRI tracer Resotran is suitable for MPI. In addition, we compare Resotran with the previously approved and extensively studied tracer Resovist, with Ferrotran, which is currently in a clinical phase III study, and with the tailored MPI tracer Perimag. Main results. Initial magnetic particle spectroscopy (MPS) measurements indicate that Resotran exhibits performance characteristics akin to Resovist, but below Perimag. We provide data on four different tracers using dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry measurements, MPS to derive hysteresis, point spread functions, and a serial dilution, as well as system matrix based MPI measurements on a preclinical scanner (Bruker 25/20 FF), including reconstructed images. Significance. Numerous approved MNPs used as tracers in MRI lack the necessary magnetic properties essential for robust signal generation in MPI. The process of obtaining medical approval for dedicated MPI tracers optimized for signal performance is an arduous and costly endeavor, often only justifiable for companies with a well-defined clinical business case. Resotran is an approved tracer that has become available in Europe for MRI. In this work, we study the eligibility of Resotran for MPI in an effort to pave the way for human MPI trials.
Two-dimensional Mo decorated borophenes: high critical temperature, large magnetic anisotropy, and stacking-dependent magnetism
Authors: Gao Zhen , Ma Fengxian , Wu Hongbo , Meng Weizhen , Jiao Yalong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Two-dimensional magnetic materials with high critical temperature, large magnetic anisotropy energy and intrinsic magnetism hold great promise for advancements in spintronics. However, synergizing these attributes within a single material remains challenging. Through the application of swarm-intelligence-based structure searching along with first-principles calculations, we identify two Mo decorated borophene variants, denoted as MoB4 and MoB6, are such candidates with high thermal and dynamical stabilities. MoB4 and MoB6 are characterized as either ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic metals. Notably, both MoB4 and MoB6 display sizable magnetic anisotropy energy—924 and 932 μeV per Mo atom, respectively—surpassing that of the widely studied CrI3 monolayer, which measures 685 μeV per Cr atom. Monte Carlo simulation suggests the Curie temperature of MoB4 sheet is 390 K, which is above room temperature. Our examination uncovers that bilayer Mo
x
B
y
formations exhibit layer-specific van der Waals interactions, contrasting with bilayer borophenes produced experimentally, which display robust interlayer chemical bonding. We determine that the stacking order profoundly influence both the magnetic anisotropy energy and critical temperatures of the material. Specifically, the magnetic anisotropy energy for both structures doubles in their bilayer configurations, with AB-stacked MoB4 and AC-stacked MoB6 demonstrating critical temperatures of 550 K and 320 K, respectively. The exceptional electronic and magnetic characteristics of the Mo
x
B
y
monolayers position them as favorable candidates for future spintronic devices.
A finite-time quantum Otto engine with tunnel coupled one-dimensional Bose gases
Authors: Nautiyal V V , Watson R S , Kheruntsyan K V 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe undertake a theoretical study of a finite-time quantum Otto engine cycle driven by inter-particle interactions in a weakly interacting one-dimensional (1D) Bose gas in the quasicondensate regime. Utilizing ac-field approach, we simulate the entire Otto cycle, i.e. the two work strokes and the two equilibration strokes. More specifically, the interaction-induced work strokes are modelled by treating the working fluid as an isolated quantum many-body system undergoing unitary evolution. The equilibration strokes, on the other hand, are modelled by treating the working fluid as an open quantum system tunnel-coupled to another quasicondensate which acts as either the hot or cold reservoir, albeit of finite size. We find that, unlike a uniform 1D Bose gas, a harmonically trapped quasicondensate cannot operate purely as aheatengine; instead, the engine operation is enabled by additionalchemicalwork performed on the working fluid, facilitated by the inflow of particles from the hot reservoir. The microscopic treatment of dynamics during equilibration strokes enables us to evaluate the characteristic operational time scales of this Ottothermochemicalengine, crucial for characterizing its power output, without any ad hoc assumptions about typical thermalization timescales. We analyse the performance and quantify the figures of merit of the proposed Otto thermochemical engine, finding that it offers a favourable trade-off between efficiency and power output, particularly when the interaction-induced work strokes are implemented via a sudden quench. We further demonstrate that in the sudden quench regime, the engine operates with an efficiency close to the near-adiabatic (near maximum efficiency) limit, while concurrently achieving maximum power output.
MHz cut-off frequency and permeability mechanism of iron-based soft magnetic composites
Authors: Jin 金 Xiao-Wei 校伟 , Li 李 Tong 通 , Shi 史 Hui-Gang 慧刚 , Xue 薛 De-Sheng 德胜 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The lack of soft magnetic composites with high power density in MHz frequency range has become an obstacle in the efficient operation of the electrical and electronic equipments. Here, a promising method to increase the cut-off frequency of iron-based soft magnetic composites to hundreds of MHz is reported. The cut-off frequency is increased from 10 MHz to 1 GHz by modulating the height of the ring, the distribution of particles, and the particle size. The mechanism of cut-off frequency and permeability is the coherent rotation of domain modulated by inhomogeneous field due to the eddy current effect. An empirical formula for the cut-off frequency in a magnetic ring composed of iron-based particles is established from experimental data. This work provides an effective approach to fabricate soft magnetic composites with a cut-off frequency in hundreds of MHz.
Instruments and methods for coating of wavelength-shifting materials used for noble liquid technology
Authors: Canci N. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The use of wavelength-shifting coatings is of primary interest in the area of liquified
noble gases detectors. Argon and xenon are used as active medium in the neutrino physics and dark
matter experiments, because charged particles crossing the noble liquid volume produce excitation
and ionization followed by recombination and both the processes lead to the emission of VUV light.
Noble liquid scintillation light emitted in the VUV range needs to be converted to be detected by
conventional photosensors. Wavelength-shifting materials, such as TetraPhenyl-Butadiene and
p-TerPhenyl, are used for this conversion to the visible range. The wavelength-shifters are
particularly important in the case of large area detectors since only a fraction of the surface
can be instrumented. To this purpose dedicated set-ups have been built and specific techniques
have been adopted to produce and characterize very uniform wavelength-shifting coatings on highly
reflecting material substrates, optical filters and optical guides. Some type of the facilities
used to this task, with particular attention to the vacuum deposition systems, will be described,
operations for production of the coatings will be reported, methods for the characterization of
the samples will be briefly presented.
Charge amplification in low pressure CF4:SF6:He mixtures with a multi-mesh ThGEM for directional dark matter searches
Authors: Amaro F.D. , Baracchini E. , Benussi L. , Bianco S. , Borra F. , Capoccia C. , Caponero M. , Cardoso D.S. , Cavoto G. , Costa I.A. , Crane T. , Dané E. , D'Astolfo M. , Dho G. , Di Giambattista F. , D'Imperio G. , Di Marco E. , Dos Santos J.M.F. , Ezeribe A.C. , Fiorina D. , Iacoangeli F. , Lima Júnior H.P. , Lopes G.S.P. , Maccarrone G. , Mano R.D.P. , Marcelo Gregorio R.R. , Marques D.J.G. , Mazzitelli G. , McLean A.G. , Monteiro C.M.B. , Nobrega R.A. , Pains I.F. , Paoletti E. , Passamonti L. , Piacentini S. , Piccolo D. , Pierluigi D. , Pinci D. , Prajapati A. , Renga F. , Roque R.J.d.C. , Rosatelli F. , Russo A. , Saviano G. , Scarff A. , Spooner N.J.C. , Tesauro R. , Tomassini S. , Torelli S. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The CYGNO collaboration is developing next generation
directional Dark Matter (DM) detection experiments, using gaseous
Time Projection Chambers (TPCs), as a robust method for identifying
Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) below the Neutrino
Fog. SF6 is potentially ideal for this since it provides a high
fluorine content, enhancing sensitivity to spin-dependent
interactions and, as a Negative Ion Drift (NID) gas, reduces charge
diffusion leading to improved positional resolution. CF4,
although not a NID gas, has also been identified as a favourable gas
target as it provides a scintillation signal which can be used for a
complimentary light/charge readout approach. These gases can operate
at low pressures to elongate Nuclear Recoil (NR) tracks and
facilitate directional measurements. In principle, He could be added
to low pressure SF6/CF4 without significant detriment to the
length of 16S, 12C, and 19F recoils. This would
improve the target mass, sensitivity to lower WIMP masses, and offer
the possibility of atmospheric operation; potentially reducing the
cost of a containment vessel. In this article, we present gas gain
and energy resolution measurements, taken with a Multi-Mesh Thick
Gaseous Electron Multiplier (MMThGEM), in low pressure SF6 and
CF4:SF6 mixtures following the addition of He. We find that
the CF4:SF6:He mixtures tested were able to produce gas gains
on the order of 104 up to a total pressure of 100 Torr. These
results demonstrate an order of magnitude
improvement [1] in charge amplification in NID gas
mixtures with a He component.
Effects of different pretreatments on Ti/RuO2-TiO2 anode
Authors: Li Zhengyi , Xu Yang , Han Zhaohui , Zhou Shenggang , Wei Sikang , Xu Lei 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this study, H2C2O4, H2SO4, HNO3, and HCl were used to etch the TA2 titanium matrix at the same concentration and temperature, and the effects of different acid etching methods on the properties of the titanium matrix and Ru-Ti electrode were investigated. The surface morphology of the titanium substrate and anode after acid etching was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while the electrochemical performance of the anode was determined by cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), and tafel plots. SEM observations showed that H2C2O4 had the best etching effect on the titanium substrate, as the scratches were uniform, and the surface cracks of the prepared anode reached 4–6 μm; Analysis of the CV curves revealed that the Ti/RuO2-TiO2 anode prepared by H2C2O4 etching had the highest surface charge capacity (172 mC) compared to the anodes prepared by other acid etchings, while the LSV curves showed that the Ti/RuO2-TiO2 anode after H2C2O4 etching had the lowest polarization potential (1.232 V). Tafel curve analysis revealed that the corrosion potential of the Ti anode prepared by H2C2O4 etching was 0.203 V, and the self-corrosion current density was −5.11 A cm−2, indicating that the corrosion resistance of the Ti anode prepared by H2C2O4 treatment is the weakest. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis showed that the electrode surface changed from Ru4+ to Ru3+ after corrosion, with the Ti2p spectra showing similar transition from Ti4+ to Ti3+.
Optimizing drilling parameters for fly ash-filled hemp/epoxy composites: investigating drill bit geometries, feed rates, and spindle speeds
Authors: Roy Choudhury Mridusmita , Dutta Hrishikesh , Srinivas M Shanmuka , Debnath Kishore , Arunkumar T , Upadhyay Vikas 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This article investigates the drilling behavior of hemp fiber-reinforced epoxy composites, both unfilled and fly ash-filled. Drilling performance tests were conducted at varying feed rates (8, 16, and 24 mm min−1) and spindle speeds (700, 1400, and 2100 RPM) using three drill geometries: parabolic, 8-facet, and dagger. The fly ash-filled hemp/epoxy composite showed significant reductions in maximum thrust force (25.09%, 19.92%, and 21.43%) and torque (80%, 79.87%, and 59.25%) when drilled with parabolic, 8-facet, and dagger drill bits, respectively, compared to the unfilled composite. The maximum drilling temperature reached 90.6 °C during cutting and decreased to 71.7 °C post-drilling. Overall, the fly ash-filled composites demonstrated superior performance in terms of drilling-induced stresses and damage.
Two-dimensional coherent spectrum of high-spin models via a quantum computing approach
Authors: Mootz Martin , Orth Peter P , Huang Chuankun , Luo Liang , Wang Jigang , Yao Yong-Xin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe present and benchmark a quantum computing approach to calculate the two-dimensional coherent spectrum (2DCS) of high-spin models. Our approach is based on simulating their real-time dynamics in the presence of several magnetic field pulses, which are spaced in time. We utilize the adaptive variational quantum dynamics simulation algorithm for the study due to its compact circuits, which enables simulations over sufficiently long times to achieve the required resolution in frequency space. Specifically, we consider an antiferromagnetic quantum spin model that incorporates Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions and single-ion anisotropy. The obtained 2DCS spectra exhibit distinct peaks at multiples of the magnon frequency, arising from transitions between different eigenstates of the unperturbed Hamiltonian. By comparing the one-dimensional coherent spectrum with 2DCS, we demonstrate that 2DCS provides a higher resolution of the energy spectrum. We further investigate how the quantum resources scale with the magnitude of the spin using two different binary encodings of the high-spin operators: the standard binary encoding and the Gray code. At low magnetic fields both encodings require comparable quantum resources, but at larger field strengths the Gray code is advantageous. Numerical simulations for spin models with increasing number of sites indicate a polynomial system-size scaling for quantum resources. Lastly, we compare the numerical 2DCS with experimental results on a rare-earth orthoferrite system. The observed strength of the magnonic high-harmonic generation signals in the 2DCS of the quantum high-spin model aligns well with the experimental data, showing significant improvement over the corresponding mean-field results.
A novel high-performance TG-based SRAM cell with 5 nm FinFET technology
Authors: Pal Sandipan , Upadhyaya Bijoy Kumar , Majumder Tanmoy , Das Narottam , Bhattacharjee Abhishek 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this study, we investigate the performance and reliability of a novel static random-access memory (SRAM) cell utilizing advanced 5 nm FinFET technology. Our research aims to address critical challenges in SRAM design by integrating transmission gates and power gated transistors. Through extensive simulations using the Cadence Virtuoso tool, we optimize the SRAM cell’s read and write paths, resulting in substantial improvements in both functionalities. Additionally, our study unveils temperature-dependent variations in the read current and write margin, emphasizing the influence of temperature on SRAM performance. Compared to conventional FinFET SRAM circuits of equivalent bit-cell area and read latency, our innovative design showcases remarkable improvements across various parameters. Specifically, we achieve a commendable increase of 6.16% in the write static noise margin (WSNM) and 5.86% in the hold static noise margin (HSNM). Moreover, our findings reveal a substantial boost in read stability, increasing from 14.75% to 18.35%. These advancements underscore the promising potential of our approach in paving the way for future innovations in high-performance memory architectures. By leveraging state-of-the-art technology and meticulous optimization techniques, our research sets a new standard for SRAM design, offering enhanced performance, reliability, and efficiency in memory systems.