bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non‐malignant haematology research in the UK: looking forward to new opportunities
Authors: Collins P. W. , Baglin T. P. , Dang R. , Evans G. , Greaves M. , Laffan M. , Pasi K. J. , Rose P. , Stanworth S. , Toh C. H. , Gower J. ,   on behalf of the UK Non‐Malignant Haematology Speciality Group
Published: September 2010

SummaryOver the last few years there has been rapid and radical change in the way clinical research in the UK is funded and supported within the NHS. This has resulted from restructuring and major new investment in research infrastructure, co‐ordinated through Clinical Local Research Networks (CLRNs) and equivalent organisations in the devolved nations. CLRNs have resources to support local researchers undertake studies that have been adopted on to the national research portfolio. For example, CLRNs can help with gaining local approvals or provide research nurses to recruit patients, undertake study procedures and perform data entry. CLRNs can establish Local Speciality Groups in a number of areas of medicine, including non‐malignant haematology. These new networks offer non‐malignant haematology access to significant new resources and a major opportunity to support clinical research for the benefit of our patients.
Coho salmon productivity in relation to salmon lice from infected prey and salmon farms
Authors: Connors Brendan M. , Krkošek Martin , Ford Jennifer , Dill Lawrence M. 
Published: September 2010

Summary 1. Pathogen transmission from open net‐pen aquaculture facilities can depress sympatric wild fish populations. However, little is known about the effects of pathogen transmission from farmed fish on species interactions or other ecosystem components. Coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch smolts are susceptible hosts to the parasitic salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis as well as a primary predator of juvenile pink Oncorhynchus gorbuscha salmon, a major host species for lice. 2. We used a hierarchical model of stock‐recruit dynamics to compare coho salmon population dynamics across a region that varies in salmon louse infestation of juvenile coho and their pink salmon prey. 3. During a period of recurring salmon louse infestations in a region of open net‐pen salmon farms, coho salmon productivity (recruits per spawner at low spawner abundance) was depressed approximately sevenfold relative to unexposed populations. Alternate hypotheses for the observed difference in productivity, such as declines in coho prey, perturbations to freshwater habitat or stochasticity, are unlikely to explain this pattern. 4. Lice parasitizing juvenile coho salmon were likely to be trophically transmitted during predation on parasitized juvenile pink salmon as well as directly transmitted from salmon farms. 5. Synthesis and applications. The finding that species interactions may cause the effects of pathogen transmission from farmed to wild fish to propagate up a marine food web has important conservation implications: (i) the management of salmon aquaculture should consider and account for species interactions and the potential for these interactions to intensify pathogen transmission from farmed to wild fish, (ii) the ecosystem impact of louse transmission from farmed to wild salmon has likely to have been previously underestimated and (iii) comprehensive monitoring of wild salmon and their population dynamics in areas of intensive salmon aquaculture should be a priority to determine if open net‐pen salmon aquaculture is ecologically sustainable.
Why students leave in the UK: an integrative review of the international research literature
Authors: Cameron Joan , Roxburgh Michelle , Taylor Julie , Lauder William 
Published: September 2010

Aims and objectives.  The purpose of this integrative review of the literature was to find and review international research studies that explored student attrition to determine what is known about the topic and to identify gaps in the research with a view to addressing the situation in the UK.Background.  Attrition from nursing programmes is a serious problem in the UK. It is recognised as a complex phenomenon, not attributable to a single cause. Regardless of actual attrition rates and trends, departments of nursing are challenged to perform in a business‐like manner. Consequently, every student lost to a programme of study equates to a financial penalty for the department and to the future workforce and community.Design.  Integrative review of the literature.Method.  Using electronic databases and specific search terms, 18 articles were identified and reviewed. Findings from the identified international research literature were analysed using qualitative content analysis.Results.  Four broad themes that accounted for factors of relevance to attrition were identified: Social, Prediction, Programme and Personal.Conclusions.  Retention studies are fraught with methodological problems. These include incomplete or inaccurate data and low response rates. Attrition early in programmes may be attributed to a failure to understand the roles of nurses in contemporary societies. This has led to dissatisfaction with programmes and academic failure, as students may underestimate the intellectual demands of their programmes. Attrition later in the programme may be attributed to a combination of personal factors that culminate in a personal crisis.Relevance to clinical practice.  The research literature suggests that stereotyping of nurses is a major factor in attrition. Both professions need to find ways of communicating contemporary roles to wider society.
An evaluation of a community dietetics intervention on the management of malnutrition for healthcare professionals
Authors: Kennelly S. , Kennedy N. P. , Rughoobur G. F. , Slattery C. G. , Sugrue S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground:  Healthcare professionals working in the community setting have limited knowledge of the evidence‐based management of malnutrition. The present study aimed to evaluate a community dietetics intervention, which included an education programme for healthcare professionals in conjunction with the introduction of a community dietetics service for patients ‘at risk’ of malnutrition. Changes in nutritional knowledge and the reported management of malnourished patients were investigated and the acceptability of the intervention was explored.Methods:  An education programme, incorporating ‘Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST)’ training, was implemented in eight of 10 eligible primary care practices (14 general practitioners and nine practice nurses attended), in seven private nursing homes (20 staff nurses attended) and two health centres (53 community nurses attended) in conjunction with a community dietetics service for patients at risk of malnutrition. Nutritional knowledge was assessed before, immediately after, and 6 months after the intervention using self‐administered, multiple‐choice questionnaires. Reported changes in practice and the acceptability of the education programme were considered using self‐administered questionnaires 6 months after the intervention.Results:  A significant increase in nutritional knowledge 6 months after the intervention was observed (P < 0.001). The management of malnutrition was reported to be improved, with 69% (38/55) of healthcare professionals reporting to weigh patients ‘more frequently’, whereas 80% (43/54) reported giving dietary advice to prevent or treat malnutrition. Eighty‐percent (44/55) of healthcare professionals stated that ‘MUST’ was an acceptable nutrition screening tool.Conclusion:  An education programme supported by a community dietetics service for patients ‘at risk’ of malnutrition increased the nutritional knowledge and improved the reported management of malnourished patients in the community by healthcare professionals.
Regulation of the 18 kDa heat shock protein in Mycobacterium ulcerans: an alpha‐crystallin orthologue that promotes biofilm formation
Authors: Pidot Sacha J. , Porter Jessica L. , Tobias Nicholas J. , Anderson Jeffrey , Catmull Deanne , Seemann Torsten , Kidd Stephen , Davies John K. , Reynolds Eric , Dashper Stuart , Stinear Timothy P. 
Published: September 2010

Summary Mycobacterium ulcerans is the causative agent of the debilitating skin disease Buruli ulcer, which is most prevalent in Western and Central Africa. M. ulcerans shares > 98% DNA sequence identity with Mycobacterium marinum, however, M. marinum produces granulomatous, but not ulcerative, lesions in humans and animals. Here we report the differential expression of a small heat shock protein (Hsp18) between strains of M. ulcerans (Hsp18+) and M. marinum (Hsp18‐) and describe the molecular basis for this difference. We show by gene deletion and GFP reporter assays in M. marinum that a divergently transcribed gene called hspR_2, immediately upstream of hsp18, encodes a MerR‐like regulatory protein that represses hsp18 transcription while promoting its own expression. Naturally occurring mutations within a 70 bp segment of the 144 bp hspR_2‐hsp18 intergenic region among M. ulcerans strains inhibit hspR_2 transcription and explain the Hsp18+ phenotype. We also propose a biological role for Hsp18, as we show that this protein significantly enhances bacterial attachment or aggregation during biofilm formation. This study has uncovered a new member of the MerR family of transcriptional regulators and suggests that upregulation of hsp18 expression was an important pathoadaptive response in the evolution of M. ulcerans from a M. marinum‐like ancestor.
Nitric oxide‐sensitive and ‐insensitive interaction of Bacillus subtilis NsrR with a ResDE‐controlled promoter
Authors: Kommineni Sushma , Yukl Erik , Hayashi Takahiro , Delepine Jacob , Geng Hao , Moënne‐Loccoz Pierre , Nakano Michiko M. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryNsrR is a nitric oxide (NO)‐sensitive transcription repressor that controls NO metabolism in a wide range of bacteria. In Bacillus subtilis, NsrR represses transcription of the nitrite reductase (nasDEF) genes that are under positive control of the ResD–ResE two‐component signal transduction system. Derepression is achieved by reaction of NO with NsrR. Unlike some NsrR orthologues that were shown to contain a NO‐sensitive [2Fe–2S] cluster, B. subtilis NsrR, when purified anaerobically either from aerobic or from anaerobic Escherichia coli and B. subtilis cultures, contains a [4Fe–4S] cluster. [4Fe–4S]‐NsrR binds around the −35 element of the nasD promoter with much higher affinity than apo‐NsrR and binding of [4Fe–4S]‐NsrR, but not apo‐protein, is sensitive to NO. RNA polymerase and phosphorylated ResD make a ternary complex at the nasD promoter and NsrR dissociates the preformed ternary complex. In addition to the −35 region, NsrR binds to two distinct sites of the upstream regulatory region where ResD also binds. These interactions, unlike the high‐affinity site binding, do not depend on the NsrR [4Fe–4S] cluster and binding is not sensitive to NO, suggesting a role for apo‐NsrR in transcriptional regulation.
The actinobacterial signature protein ParJ (SCO1662) regulates ParA polymerization and affects chromosome segregation and cell division during Streptomyces sporulation
Authors: Ditkowski Bartosz , Troć Paulina , Ginda Katarzyna , Donczew Magdalena , Chater Keith F. , Zakrzewska‐Czerwińska Jolanta , Jakimowicz Dagmara 
Published: September 2010

SummaryBacterial chromosome segregation usually involves cytoskeletal ParA proteins, ATPases which can form dynamic filaments. In aerial hyphae of the mycelial bacterium Streptomyces coelicolor, ParA filaments extend over tens of microns and are responsible for segregation of dozens of chromosomes. We have identified a novel interaction partner of S. coelicolor ParA, ParJ. ParJ negatively regulates ParA polymerization in vitro and is important for efficient chromosome segregation in sporulating aerial hyphae. ParJ–EGFP formed foci along aerial hyphae even in the absence of ParA. ParJ, which is encoded by sco1662, turned out to be one of the five actinobacterial signature proteins, and another of the five is a ParJ paralogue. We hypothesize that polar growth, which is characteristic not only of streptomycetes, but even of simple Actinobacteria, may be interlinked with ParA polymer assembly and its specific regulation by ParJ.
The SAM‐responsive SMK box is a reversible riboswitch
Authors: Smith Angela M. , Fuchs Ryan T. , Grundy Frank J. , Henkin Tina M. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryThe SMK (SAM‐III) box is an S‐adenosylmethionine (SAM)‐responsive riboswitch found in the 5′ untranslated region of metK genes, encoding SAM synthetase, in many members of the Lactobacillales. SAM binding causes a structural rearrangement in the RNA that sequesters the Shine‐Dalgarno (SD) sequence by pairing with a complementary anti‐SD (ASD) sequence; sequestration of the SD sequence inhibits binding of the 30S ribosomal subunit and prevents translation initiation. We observed a slight increase in the half‐life of the metK transcript in vivo when Enterococcus faecalis cells were depleted for SAM, but no significant change in overall transcript abundance, consistent with the model that this riboswitch regulates at the level of translation initiation. The half‐life of the SAM–SMK box RNA complex in vitro is shorter than that of the metK transcript in vivo, raising the possibility of reversible binding of SAM. We used a fluorescence assay to directly visualize reversible switching between the SAM‐free and SAM‐bound conformations. We propose that the SMK box riboswitch can make multiple SAM‐dependent regulatory decisions during the lifetime of the transcript in vivo, acting as a reversible switch that allows the cell to respond rapidly to fluctuations in SAM pools by modulating expression of the SAM synthetase gene.
The interaction dynamics of a negative feedback loop regulates flagellar number in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium
Authors: Aldridge Christine , Poonchareon Kritchai , Saini Supreet , Ewen Thomas , Soloyva Alexandra , Rao Christopher V. , Imada Katsumi , Minamino Tohru , Aldridge Phillip D. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryEach Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium cell produces a discrete number of complete flagella. Flagellar assembly responds to changes in growth rates through FlhD4C2 activity. FlhD4C2 activity is negatively regulated by the type 3 secretion chaperone FliT. FliT is known to interact with the flagellar filament cap protein FliD as well as components of the flagellar type 3 secretion apparatus. FliD is proposed to act as an anti‐regulator, in a manner similar to FlgM inhibition of σ28 activity. We have found that efficient growth‐dependent regulation of FlhD4C2 requires FliT regulation. In turn, FliD regulation of FliT modulates the response. We also show that, unlike other flagellar‐specific regulatory circuits, deletion of fliT or fliD did not lead to an all‐or‐nothing response in FlhD4C2 activity. To investigate why, we characterized the biochemical interactions in the FliT : FliD :  FlhD4C2 circuit. When FlhD4C2 was not bound to DNA, FliT disrupted the FlhD4C2 complex. Interestingly, when FlhD4C2 was bound to DNA it was insensitive to FliT regulation. This suggests that the FliT circuit regulates FlhD4C2 activity by preventing the formation of the FlhD4C2:DNA complex. Our data would suggest that this level of endogenous regulation of FlhD4C2 activity allows the flagellar system to efficiently respond to external signals.
Identification of a novel bacteriocin regulatory system in Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Xie Zhoujie , Okinaga Toshinori , Niu Guoqing , Qi Fengxia , Merritt Justin 
Published: September 2010

SummaryRecently, we described the function of an uncharacterized two‐gene regulatory system consisting of a LytTR family transcription regulator and a putative membrane protein, which we referred to as the hdrRM operon. In this study, we determined that the HdrRM system controls the expression of an analogous uncharacterized regulatory system annotated as SMU.2080 and SMU.2081. Like hdrRM, the SMU.2080–2081 operon encodes a LytTR family transcription regulator and putative membrane protein, which we now refer to as BrsR and BrsM respectively. Examination of the regulatory mechanism of the BrsRM system suggests that BrsM serves to antagonize the function of the transcription regulator BrsR. Further analyses of the regulatory role of BrsR determined that it functions as a transcription activator for a variety of bacteriocins and bacteriocin‐related genes. In vitro electromobility shift assays confirmed that BrsR binds to the promoter regions of several bacteriocin genes and requires the presence of a LytTR family consensus direct repeat in order to stably bind DNA. In addition, we identified a novel regulatory scheme in which both the HdrRM and BrsRM systems coregulate each other and ultimately determine whether bacteriocin production will inhibit competitor organisms or result in lethality to the producer.
Generation of Se‐fortified broccoli as functional food: impact of Se fertilization on S metabolism
Authors: HSU FU‐CHEN , WIRTZ MARKUS , HEPPEL SIMON C. , BOGS JOCHEN , KRÄMER UTE , KHAN MUHAMMAD SAYYAR , BUB ACHIM , HELL RÜDIGER , RAUSCH THOMAS 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTSelenium (Se)‐fortified broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) has been proposed as a functional food for cancer prevention, based on its high glucosinolate (GSL) content and capacity for Se accumulation. However, as selenate and sulphate share the initial assimilation route, Se fertilization could interfere with sulphur metabolism and plant growth. Consequently, GSL accumulation could be compromised. To evaluate these potentially adverse effects of Se fertilization, we performed a comprehensive study on sand‐grown young broccoli plants (weekly selenate applications of 0.8 µmol plant−1 via the root) and field‐grown adult broccoli plants during head formation (single foliar selenate application: 25.3 or 253 µmol plant−1). The results show that under these conditions, Se application does not affect plant growth, contents of cysteine, glutathione, total GSL, glucoraphanin (major aliphatic GSL) or the expression of BoMYB28 (encoding a functionally confirmed master regulator for aliphatic GSL biosynthesis). Conversely, due to the changed expression of sulphate transporters (BoSULTR1;1, 1;2, 2;1, and 2;2), sulphate and total S contents increased in the shoot of young plants while decreasing in the root. We conclude that broccoli can be fertilized with Se without reduction in GSL content, even with Se accumulation exceeding the level recommended for human consumption.
Effect of recombinant canine interferon‐γ on granulocyte–macrophage colony‐stimulating factor, transforming growth factor‐β and CC chemokine ligand 17 mRNA transcription in a canine keratinocyte cell line (CPEK)
Authors: Shibata Sanae , Maeda Sadatoshi , Kondo Naho , Inoue Akiko , Maeda Shingo , Chimura Naoki , Fukata Tsuneo 
Published: September 2010

AbstractRecombinant canine interferon‐γ (rCaIFN‐γ) produced by a baculovirus expression system has therapeutic efficacy against atopic dermatitis in dogs. Although the mechanism of action of rCaIFN‐γ is not completely understood, rCaIFN‐γ is thought to downregulate the activity of interleukin‐4‐ and interleukin‐5‐producing T helper 2 cells. However, rCaIFN‐γ may also act directly on canine keratinocytes by inhibiting the release of inflammatory mediators. In this study, we investigated the effects of rCaIFN‐γ on cytokine and chemokine mRNA transcription in a canine keratinocyte cell line, CPEK. It was found that granulocyte–macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) mRNA transcription was significantly inhibited after treatment with rCaIFN‐γ (P < 0.001), whereas transforming growth factor‐β and CC chemokine ligand 17 mRNA levels were unchanged. This study suggests that rCaIFN‐γ may suppress GM‐CSF production from canine keratinocytes, although further studies are required to confirm this.
Intracoronary administration of autologous mesenchymal stem cells in a critically ill patient with dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Zeinaloo Aliakbar , Zanjani Keyhan S. , Bagheri Mohammad M. , Mohyeddin‐Bonab Mandana , Monajemzadeh Maryam , Arjmandnia Mohammad H. 
Published: September 2010

Zeinaloo AA, Zanjani KS., Bagheri MM., Mohyeddin‐Bonab M, Monajemzadeh M, Arjmandnia MH. Intracoronary administration of autologous mesenchymal stem cells in a critically ill patient with dilated cardiomyopathy.  Pediatr Transplantation 2011: 15: E183–E186. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Relatively high prevalence of dilated cardiomyopathy in children, unfavorable response to traditional drug therapy, and limitations in heart transplantation call for new therapeutic options. Stem cell therapy can be promising in children suffering from this disease. The presented case documents that intracoronary injection of autologous bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells in a boy with progressive dilated cardiomyopathy is feasible and safe. Furthermore, it may positively influence functional class, quality of life, and echocardiographic indices of cardiac function.
Childhood actinic lichen planus: Successful treatment with antimalarials
Authors: Ramírez Paloma , Feito Marta , Sendagorta Elena , González‐Beato Maria , De Lucas Raul 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTActinic lichen planus (ALP) is a photosensitive variant of lichen planus, affecting mainly young adults of Middle Eastern descent. We report a case of ALP in a 9‐year‐old Colombian girl with an excellent response to hydroxychloroquine and photoprotection.
Folliculosebaceous cystic hamartoma of the ear and periauricular skin
Authors: Osipov Vladimir O. , Vincent Peter , Packer Andrew M. , Oliver Guy Fergus 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTFolliculosebaceous cystic hamartoma (FSCH) is a rare, recently recognized cutaneous hamartoma comprised of follicular, sebaceous and mesenchymal elements. Fewer than 30 cases have been reported to date. The authors present two additional cases of FSCH.
Urotensin‐II receptor antagonism does not improve renal haemodynamics or function in rats with endotoxin‐induced acute kidney injury
Authors: Nitescu Nicoletta , Grimberg Elisabeth , Guron Gregor 
Published: September 2010

Summary1. Urotensin‐II (U‐II) is a vasoactive peptide that influences renal haemodynamics and kidney function. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of the selective U‐II receptor antagonist, urantide, on renal haemodynamics, oxygenation and function in endotoxaemic rats.2. Endotoxaemia was induced in Sprague–Dawley rats by an intraperitoneal dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; Escherichia coli O127:B8, 7.5 mg/kg). At 16 h after endotoxin was given, renal clearance experiments were carried out in thiobutabarbital anaesthetized rats. Group 1, sham‐saline; group 2, sham‐urantide; group 3 LPS‐saline; and group 4, LPS‐urantide received isotonic saline or urantide (0.2 mg/kg bolus intravenously, followed by an infusion of 1.2 mg/kg/h throughout) after baseline measurements. Kidney function, renal blood flow (RBF), and cortical and outer medullary perfusion (laser‐Doppler flowmetry) and oxygen tension (Clark‐type microelectrodes) were analysed during 2 h of drug administration.3. At baseline, endotoxaemic rats showed approximately 50% reductions in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and RBF (P < 0.05), a decline in cortical and outer medullary perfusion and pO2 (P < 0.05), and a significant increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP; P < 0.05) compared with saline‐injected controls. In sham animals, urantide in a dose that did not significantly influence MAP or RBF, increased GFR (P < 0.05 time × treatment interaction) and filtration fraction (P < 0.05 treatment effect). However, urantide had no statistically significant effects on any of the investigated variables in endotoxaemic rats.4. These findings show that U‐II, through the UT receptor, does not contribute to abnormalities in renal haemodynamics and function in endotoxaemic rats.