bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children's Screen Viewing is Related to Psychological Difficulties Irrespective of Physical Activity
Authors: Page Angie S. , Cooper Ashley R. , Griew Pippa , Jago Russell 
Published: October 2010

OBJECTIVE:
We hypothesized that greater screen use would be associated with greater psychological difficulties and that children with high levels of screen entertainment use and low levels of physical activity would have the most-negative psychological profiles.

METHODS:
Participants were 1013 children (age, mean ± SD: 10.95 ± 0.41 years), who self-reported average daily television hours and computer use and completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Sedentary time (minutes per day with &lt;100 cpm) and moderate/vigorous physical activity (MVPA) (minutes with ≥2000 cpm) were measured by using accelerometers. Multivariate regression models examined the association between television viewing, computer use, sedentary time, and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire scores, with adjustment for MVPA, age, gender, level of deprivation, and pubertal status.

RESULTS:
Greater television and computer use were related to higher psychological difficulty scores after adjustment for MVPA, sedentary time, and confounders. However, sedentary time was inversely related to psychological difficulties after adjustment. Children who spent &gt;2 hours per day watching television or using a computer were at increased risk of high levels of psychological difficulties (television, odds ratio [OR]: 1.61 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20–2.15]; computer, OR: 1.59 [95% CI: 1.32–1.91]), and this risk increased if the children also failed to meet physical activity guidelines (television, OR: 1.70 [95% CI: 1.09–2.61]; computer, OR: 1.81 [95% CI: 1.02–3.20]).

CONCLUSION:
Both television viewing and computer use are important independent targets for intervention for optimal well-being for children, irrespective of levels of MVPA or overall sedentary time.
Clinical Utility of the Vanderbilt ADHD Rating Scale for Ruling Out Comorbid Learning Disorders
Authors: Langberg Joshua M. , Vaughn Aaron J. , Brinkman William B. , Froehlich Tanya , Epstein Jeffery N. 
Published: October 2010

OBJECTIVE:
The goal was to examine the clinical utility of using the Vanderbilt Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Rating Scale (VARS) to determine when to refer children with ADHD for learningdisorder (LD) evaluations.

METHODS:
A total of 128 stimulant-naive children with ADHD, 7 to 11 years of age, were included in the study. The parents and teachers of 128 children with diagnosed ADHD completed the VARS. The reading, numerical operations, and spelling subtests from the Wechsler Individual Achievement Test, Second Edition, were used to identify children with a comorbid LD. We examined the predictive validity and clinical utility of the VARS performance items for ruling in/out the presence of a comorbid LD.

RESULTS:
Thirty-eight percent of the samples met the criteria for a comorbid LD. A cutoff score of 7.5 for the sum of the VARS parent and teacher reading items had excellent clinical utility for ruling out both reading and spelling LDs. Cutoff scores of 4 for the VARS teacher reading and writing items had excellent utility for ruling out comorbid reading and spelling LDs, respectively. None of the VARS performance items effectively identified or ruled out math LDs.

CONCLUSION:
The VARS performance items should be used with an interview about school functioning and a review of school records to rule out the presence of a comorbid reading or spelling LD for children with diagnosed ADHD.
Different Approaches to Habitat Surveys Can Impact Fisheries Management and Conservation Decisions
Authors: Al-Chokhachy Robert , Roper Brett B. 
Published: October 2010

We illustrate how the variability in data collected within and among habitat sampling protocols can profoundly affect the interpretation of habitat quality and quantity, along with the development of habitat-to-fish population metrics. We input data collected from two standardized survey techniques, as well as data collected using one standardized technique with multiple crews, into empirically-based relationships and found the variability in estimates of habitat data resulted in 1-50% differences in predictions of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) egg-to-fry survival rates. Estimates of percent pool habitat collected via different protocols resulted in up to a 3.5-fold difference in juvenile trout abundance. We also found substantial differences in the geomorphic relationships between large woody debris (LWD) and the frequency of pools when using data collected by different protocols. We illustrate how the precision of estimates of LWD and pool frequency can substantially affect data-crosswalk opportunities between habitat data collected via different protocols. The effects of the variability in habitat assessments illustrated here highlights the importance of standardized, well-documented protocols, adequate training of field crews collecting habitat data, and the need to evaluate potential bias and error.
en el presente trabajo se ilustra cómo la variabilidad en la toma de datos con diferentes protocolos de muestreo, aplicados dentro y entre distintos hábitats, puede afectar sustancialmente la interpretación de la calidad y cantidad del hábitat y el desarrollo de medidas que sirven para relacionan las distintas poblaciones de peces con su hábitat particular. Se utilizaron datos obtenidos mediante dos técnicas estandarizadas de muestreo así como también datos provenientes de una técnica que involucra la participación de distintas tripulaciones en una embarcación. Se encontró que la variación en la toma de datos relativos al hábitat produjo diferencias de entre 1% y 50% en la predicción de las tasas de supervivencia de huevos del salmón Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Así mismo, los estimados del porcentaje de hábitat muestreado mediante distintos protocolos resultó en diferencias de hasta 3.5 veces en la abundancia de juveniles de trucha. También se encontraron diferencias notables en las relaciones geomórficas entre los escombros grandes de madera (EGM) y la frecuencia de las parcelas de hábitat al usar datos colectados con diferentes protocolos de muestreo. Los efectos que aquí se ilustran sobre la variabilidad en las evaluaciones del hábitat, indican la importancia de protocolos de muestreo estandarizados y bien documentados, el entrenamiento adecuado de tripulaciones en el campo y la necesidad de evaluar potenciales sesgos y errores.
Potential Impacts of Docks on Littoral Habitats in Minnesota Lakes
Authors: Radomski Paul , Bergquist Lyn A. , Duval Michael , Williquett Andrew 
Published: October 2010

To understand the potential impacts of docks on lake shoreline habitat, an inventory of docks across north-central Minnesota was undertaken and full build-out projections were simulated. Lakes were selected randomly from three lake development classifications (lake class), which define statewide minimum development standards for Minnesota. The three lake classes, in order of increasing restrictions for development, are general development, recreational development, and natural environment. Docks were pervasive along shores for many lakes. Over 14% of the shoreline and 3% of the littoral zone were estimated to be impacted by docks. Build-out scenarios estimated that up to half of the shoreline and 14% of the littoral zone could be impacted with future development. Shoreline development policies may need to be revised to address impacts to fish habitat and recreational surface water use.
Con el propósito de comprender los impactos potenciales que tienen los muelles sobre los hábitats que se encuentran en las orillas de los lagos, se realizó un inventario de los muelles existentes a lo largo de la parte nortecentral de Minnesota y se simularon proyecciones completas de construcción. Los lagos se eligieron al azar a partir de tres clasificaciones de desarrollo de lagos (tipo de lago) en las que se definen estándares estatales mínimos de desarrollo para Minnesota. Los tres tipos de lago, en orden ascendente según las restricciones de desarrollo, son: general, recreativo y de ambiente natural. Se observaron persistentemente muelles a lo largo de la orilla de varios lagos. Se estimó que más del 14% de la orilla y 3% de la zona litoral se encuentra impactada por los muelles. De acuerdo a las simulaciones se estimó que más de la mitad de las orillas y el 14% de la zona litoral puede verse impactada por desarrollos en el futuro. Es posible que las políticas de desarrollo costero deban revisarse detenidamente con el propósito de atender el impacto sobre el hábitat de los peces y el uso del agua con fines recreativos.
Afterword: Turning Back to Literature
Authors: Caruth Cathy 
Published: October 2010

Three times I rushed, and my heart urged me to hold her, and three times she flew from my hands like a shadow or even a dream.—Homer, The Odyssey 11.206–08.To speak of the future of literary criticism is always to speak of the future of literature, which is a mode of language and an institution whose very being essentially touches on the possibility and fragility of its own future. “The fragility of literature,” as Richard Klein suggests, “its susceptibility to being lost,” is at the heart of all literary writing, which emerges from the absence of a “real referent” and thus sustains itself through its reference to other texts, to the archive of literary writing that is made up of figures and other literary articulations that allow us to read. Klein reminds us, citing Jacques Derrida, that literary texts may always disappear: not only because they may be forgotten but also because they are susceptible to the erasure of the archive, to apocalyptic destruction, and to the collective loss of the knowledge of how to read—as a result of new modes of media saturation or, I would add, through the collapse of readability in the age of what Hannah Arendt calls “the modern lie” (“Truth” 253). The force and fragility of literature and of literary criticism are bound up with the possible disappearance of the literary archive, which we implicitly confront in reading literature and in pursuing its forms and thoughts as literary critics.
Adapting to the Image and Resisting It: On Filming Literature and a Possible World for Literary Studies
Authors: Balfour Ian 
Published: October 2010

Predicting any future—or futures—for literary criticism is a risky business, perhaps all the more so now that the relation of literature to its others is arguably subject to greater and faster changes than ever before. The changes to come in literary criticism will be determined by transformations in literature proper as well as by any number of forces outside literature. By changes “within” literature we cannot mean simply those to contemporary or recent literature, whose canons—to say nothing of what exceeds these canons—are far from settled. The literary past continues to change even if every given text endlessly repeats itself like a broken record. For an authoritative formulation of this position, one need not turn to some outré poststructuralist or to Walter Benjamin's contention that even the dead are not “safe” from the reaches of the present (“On the Concept” 391). One can appeal to the sober, usually conservative thinking of T. S. Eliot:The existing monuments form an ideal order among themselves, which is modified by the introduction of the new (the really new) work of art among them. The existing order is complete before the new work arrives; for order to persist after the supervention of novelty, the whole existing order must be, if ever so slightly, altered; and so the relations, proportions, values of each work of art toward the whole are readjusted; and this is conformity between the old and the new. Whoever has approved this idea of order, of the form of European, of English literature, will not find it preposterous that the past should be altered by the present as much as the present is directed by the past. (38)
Kleene's Amazing Second Recursion Theorem
Authors: Moschovakis Yiannis N. 
Published: October 2010

This little gem is stated unbilled and proved (completely) in the last two lines of §2 of the short note Kleene [1938]. In modern notation, with all the hypotheses stated explicitly and in a strong (uniform) form, it reads as follows:SecondRecursionTheorem(SRT). Fix a set V ⊆ ℕ,and suppose that for each natural number nϵ ℕ = {0, 1, 2, …}, φn: ℕ1+n⇀ Vis a recursive partial function of (1 + n) arguments with values in V so thatthe standard assumptions(a)and(b)hold with.(a)Every n-ary recursive partial function with values in V isfor some e.(b)For all m, n, there is a recursive function: Nm+1→ ℕ such that.Then, for every recursive, partial function fof (1+m+n) arguments with values in V, there is a total recursive functionof m arguments such thatProof. Fixeϵ ℕ such thatand let.We will abuse notation and write ž; rather than ž() whenm= 0, so that (1) takes the simpler formin this case (and the proof sets ž =S(e, e)).
Serious Psychological Distress and Diabetes Care among California Adults
Authors: Williams Summer L. , Haskard-Zolnierek Kelly B. , Banta Jim E. , Haviland Mark G. , Dimatteo M. Robin , Anderson Donald L. , Werner Leonard S. 
Published: October 2010

Objective: To evaluate three aspects of diabetes care (foot checks, eye examinations, and hemoglobin AlC checks by a physician) among California adults with Type 2 diabetes and serious psychological distress (SPD). Method: Data were from the population-based 2005 California Health Interview Survey. Estimates were that in 2005, 1,516,171 Californians (5.75% of all adults) had a physician-given diabetes diagnosis, and of those, 108,621 (7.16%) had co-morbid SPD. Results: Among Californians with Type 2 diabetes, SPD was associated with fewer physician foot checks (odds ratio = 0.56, 95% Confidence Interval = 0.32 to 0.97) but not with fewer eye examinations or hemoglobin AlC checks. Conclusions: The findings highlight a specific area—foot complication evaluation and prevention—for improving the quality of diabetes care among adult Californians with Type 2 diabetes and SPD.
Prevalence of Depression among Mothers of Young Children in Honduras
Authors: Wulsin Lawson , Somoza Eugene , Heck Jeffery , Bauer Leah 
Published: October 2010

Objective: Maternal depression is a substantial problem that has negative consequences on the health of both mother and child. Little research has been done on the prevalence of maternal depression in the developing world. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of current depression among mothers in Honduras and identify demographic predictors of depression in this sample. Methods: A modified Spanish version of the PHQ-9 and a demographic questionnaire were administered by trained interviewers to 415 rural and urban women aged 15–66 who had children between 1 and 10 years old. Results: Prevalence of current major depressive syndrome was 17.6%. Mild depressive symptoms were detected in 52% of the sample. The estimated prevalence of current major depressive syndrome in the urban sample (19%) was not significantly greater than in the rural sample (16%, p = 0.49). None of the demographic variables measured, including age, number of children, or marital status predicted major depression in this sample. Conclusions: Maternal depression occurred at a high rate in this sample of Honduran women. The estimated prevalence rates in this study are similar to rates of maternal depression in studies of mothers in other Latin American countries, as well as in samples of mothers on Medicaid in the United States. Further study is needed to confirm and extend these findings, and to identify predictors of maternal depression in this population.
Community-Based Co-Morbidity of Depression and Chronic Physical Illnesses in Hong Kong
Authors: Lee Sing , Ling Yee , Tsang Adley 
Published: October 2010

Objective: To examine the co-morbidity of depression and chronic physical illnesses in a representative sample of Hong Kong Chinese. Methods: Five thousand and four participants aged 18–65 years completed a structured telephone interview on major depressive episode (MDE) and eight chronic physical illnesses. Results: 21.5% ( N = 1078) of respondents had any physical illness in the previous 1 year. Twelve-month MDE was found in 15% ( N = 162) of these physically ill respondents and was significantly associated with physical illnesses (OR: 2.56, 95% CI: 2.07–3.16, p < 0.001). Number of co-morbid physical illnesses had an incremental association with the risk of MDE. Conclusion: Co-morbidity of depression and chronic physical illnesses is common in Hong Kong as in Western countries. This speaks to the need for evidence-based practice that encompasses models of integrated care in Hong Kong.
Nasal Carriage of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Is Associated with Higher All-Cause Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Lai Chun-Fu , Liao Chun-Hsing , Pai Mei-Fen , Chu Fang-Yeh , Hsu Shih-Ping , Chen Hung-Yuan , Yang Ju-Yeh , Chiu Yen-Ling , Peng Yu-Sen , Chang Shan-Chwen , Hung Kuan-Yu , Tsai Tun-Jun , Wu Kwan-Dun 
Published: October 2010

Summary

Background and objectives
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal carriage is a recognized risk factor for subsequent endogenous infections. However, the association between MRSA carriage and patient survival in hemodialysis patients has not been established.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
In March 2007, this prospective cohort study enrolled 306 outpatients under maintenance hemodialysis from a hospital-based dialysis center in Taiwan. They received two consecutive weekly nasal swab cultures at the beginning of the study. Patients having at least one positive culture of MRSA were defined as MRSA carriers. Subjects were followed up until December 31, 2008. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Main secondary outcomes were infection-related mortality and morbidity.

Results
We identified 29 MRSA carriers (9.48%) at study entry. After a median of 613 days of follow-up, Kaplan-Meier analysis showed significant survival differences between MRSA carriers and noncarriers (log-rank P = 0.02). Compared with noncarriers, MRSA carriers had a 2.46-fold increased risk of dying from any cause, after adjusting for covariates at the start of follow-up. The adjusted hazard ratios of infection-related mortality and occurrence of subsequent S. aureus infection in carriers were 4.99 and 4.31, respectively.

Conclusions
A major limitation is the relatively small sample size of MRSA carriers. Nevertheless, we demonstrated that there may be an association between MRSA nasal carriage and poor clinical outcomes in an outpatient hemodialysis population. This underscores the need for routine surveillance of MRSA nasal carriage and should alert the physicians of a group at high risk of morbidity and mortality.
A1C and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Colayco Danielle C. , Niu Fang , McCombs Jeffrey S. , Cheetham T. Craig 
Published: October 2010

OBJECTIVE
Type 2 diabetes is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. The role of aggressive glycemic control in preventing cardiovascular events is unclear. A nested case-control study design was used to evaluate the association between average A1C and cardiovascular outcomes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Adults with type 2 diabetes were identified among members of Kaiser Permanente Southern California. Type 2 diabetes was identified based on ICD-9 diagnosis codes and either A1C &gt;7.5% or prescriptions for hypoglycemic agents. Case subjects were defined based on nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or death attributed to cardiovascular events during a 3-year window. Four type 2 diabetes control subjects were matched to each case subject based on age, sex, and index date for the corresponding case. A conditional logistic regression model was used to estimate the odds ratio of cardiovascular events and compare three patient groups based on average A1C measured in the preindex period (≤6, &gt;6–8, &gt;8%).

RESULTS
A total of 44,628 control subjects were matched to 11,157 case subjects. Patients with an average A1C ≤6% were 20% more likely to experience a cardiovascular event than the group with an average A1C of &gt;6–8% (P &lt; 0.0001). Patients with an average A1C &gt;8% experienced a 16% increase in the likelihood of a cardiovascular event (P &lt; 0.0001). We found evidence of statistical interaction with A1C category and LDL level (P = 0.0002), use of cardiovascular medications (P = 0.02), and use of antipsychotics (P = 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
High-risk patients with type 2 diabetes who achieved mean A1C levels of ≤6% or failed to decrease their A1C to &lt;8% are at increased risk for cardiovascular events.
Evaluation of treatment with a combination of azathioprine and prednisone in dogs with meningoencephalomyelitis of undetermined etiology: 40 cases (2000-2007)
Authors: Wong Michael A. , Hopkins Andrew L. , Meeks John C. , Clarke Jeff D. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate outcome of treatment with a combination of azathioprine and prednisone in dogs with meningoencephalomyelitis of undetermined etiology (MUE).
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—40 dogs.
Procedures—Medical records of dogs with MUE treated with prednisone and azathioprine were evaluated with regard to response, survival, and adverse effects.
Results—All dogs improved during treatment. Twenty-four (60%) dogs had a complete response (resolution of clinical signs), and the other 16 (40%) dogs had a partial response (improvement but not resolution of signs). Most dogs that achieved a complete response remained neurologically normal. Six dogs remained stable after a partial response. Eleven dogs had a relapse of clinical signs. Twenty dogs died during the study period, 18 survived, and 2 were lost to follow-up monitoring. Median survival time was 1,834 days (range, 50 to 2,469 days). Survival time was significantly longer for dogs that had a complete response than for those that did not. Survival time was significantly shorter for dogs that relapsed than for those that did not. The most common adverse effects included weight gain, thinning of the hair, and elevated activities of liver enzymes, all of which may have been attributed to concurrent corticosteroid administration. Less common adverse effects included diabetes mellitus, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, mammary gland adenoma, lymphoma, and hepatic masses.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Azathioprine appeared to be a safe and potentially effective adjunct to prednisone for treatment of dogs with MUE. Prospective, double-blinded, controlled studies with histologic confirmation are warranted to substantiate these findings.