bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distance separated simultaneous sweeping, for fast, clean, vibroseis acquisition
Authors: Bouska Jack 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTDistance separated simultaneous sweeping DS3 is a new vibroseis technique that produces independent records, uncontaminated by simultaneous source interference, for a range of offsets and depths that span all target zones of interest. Use of DS3 on a recent seismic survey in Oman, resulted in a peak acquisition rate of 1024 records per hour. This survey employed 15 vibrators, with a distance separation of 12 km between simultaneous active sources, recorded by 8000 active channels across 22 live lines in an 18.5 km × 11 km receiver patch. Broad distribution of simultaneous sources, across an adequately sized recording patch, effectively partitions the sensors so that each trace records only one of the simultaneous sources. With proper source separation, on a scale similar to twice the maximum usable source receiver offset, wavefield overlap occurs below the zone of interest. This yields records that are indistinguishable from non‐simultaneous source data, within temporal and spatial limits. This DS3 technique may be implemented using a wide variety of acquisition geometries, optimally with spatially large recording patches that enable appropriate source separation distances. DS3 improves acquisition efficiency without data quality degradation, eliminating the requirement for special data processing or noise attenuation.
Sonic extracts from a bacterium related to periapical disease activate gelatinase A and inactivate tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases TIMP‐1 and TIMP‐2
Authors: Sato Y. , Kishi J. , Suzuki K. , Nakamura H. , Hayakawa T. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAim  To examine the effects of sonicated bacterial extracts (SBEs) from three related to periapical disease bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis, P. endodontalis and F. nucleatum) on the activation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP‐2) and the inactivation of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP‐1 and TIMP‐2).Methodology  Each SBE was added to cultures of human periodontal ligament (PL) cells or HT1080 cells and their supernatants were analysed by zymography for MMP‐2. Each SBE was added to PL cell cultures, and the amount of TIMP‐1 was determined by ELISA. P. gingivalis SBE was incubated with HT1080 cell culture supernatants, and the amounts of TIMP‐1 and TIMP‐2 were determined by ELISA. Statistical analysis was performed with the paired Student’s t‐test.Results  In extracts of PL cells that had been incubated in the presence of P. gingivalis SBE, one representing pro‐MMP‐2 (72 kDa) and a band corresponding to the active MMP‐2 (66 kDa) were observed; but in the other extracts it was not detected. When HT1080 cells were treated with P. gingivalis SBE, the pro‐MMPs was processed into 86‐ and 66‐kDa fragments, but in the other extracts, the processing did not occur when the other SBEs were used. When PL cells were incubated with the same SBEs, the amount of TIMP‐1 was markedly decreased (P < 0.01), but in the other extracts, it was not. The amounts of both TIMP‐1 and TIMP‐2 were decreased in a dose‐dependent manner when HT1080 cell culture supernatant was incubated with P. gingivalis SBE.Conclusions  These findings suggest that P. gingivalis SBE may cause connective tissue to be destroyed, contributing to the process of periapical disease, by activating pro‐MMP‐2 as well as by inactivating TIMP‐1 and TIMP‐2.
Habitat selection as an antipredator behaviour in a multi‐predator landscape: all enemies are not equal
Authors: Morosinotto Chiara , Thomson Robert L. , Korpimäki Erkki 
Published: November 2009

Summary 1. Breeding territory choice constitutes a crucial antipredator behaviour for animals that determines reproductive success and survival during the breeding season. On arrival to breeding grounds migrant prey face a multitude of ‘waiting’ predators already settled within the landscape. 2. We studied territory selection and reproductive investment of migrant pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) relative to breeding pygmy owls (POs) (Glaucidium passerinum) and Tengmalm’s owls (TOs) (Aegolius funereus). Diurnal POs present a greater predation threat to adult flycatchers (up to 80% songbirds in diet) compared with nocturnal TOs (up to 36%). 3. During territory selection, pied flycatchers strongly avoided POs (occupation: 42% in presence vs. 92% in absence of owl nest) but not TOs (80% vs. 75%). This suggests that flycatchers are able to distinguish between two potential predators, avoiding dangerous POs but not obviously responding to the less risky TOs. 4. Flycatchers responded to presence of PO nests with c. 4‐day delay in the start of egg‐laying. A significantly prolonged nest building period contributed to this potentially costly breeding delay. Flycatchers further significantly reduced initial reproductive investment in presence of POs by laying 8·2% smaller clutch sizes, even if laying date was controlled. No breeding delay and clutch size reduction was found relative to TO presence. 5. Our results highlight flexibility in breeding territory selection and reproductive strategies as antipredator responses to perceived risk in a multi‐predator environment. This supports the idea that for prey, not all predators are equal.
A cautionary note on substituting spatial subunits for repeated temporal sampling in studies of site occupancy
Authors: Kendall William L. , White Gary C. 
Published: November 2009

Summary 1. Assessing the probability that a given site is occupied by a species of interest is important to resource managers, as well as metapopulation or landscape ecologists. Managers require accurate estimates of the state of the system, in order to make informed decisions. Models that yield estimates of occupancy, while accounting for imperfect detection, have proven useful by removing a potentially important source of bias. To account for detection probability, multiple independent searches per site for the species are required, under the assumption that the species is available for detection during each search of an occupied site. 2. We demonstrate that when multiple samples per site are defined by searching different locations within a site, absence of the species from a subset of these spatial subunits induces estimation bias when locations are exhaustively assessed or sampled without replacement. 3. We further demonstrate that this bias can be removed by choosing sampling locations with replacement, or if the species is highly mobile over a short period of time. 4. Resampling an existing data set does not mitigate bias due to exhaustive assessment of locations or sampling without replacement. 5. Synthesis and applications. Selecting sampling locations for presence/absence surveys with replacement is practical in most cases. Such an adjustment to field methods will prevent one source of bias, and therefore produce more robust statistical inferences about species occupancy. This will in turn permit managers to make resource decisions based on better knowledge of the state of the system.
Utilization of tissue habitats byMyxobolus wuliiLandsberg & Lom, 1991 in different carp hosts and disease resistance in allogynogenetic gibel carp: redescription ofM. wuliifrom China and Japan
Authors: Zhang J Y , Yokoyama H , Wang J G , Li A H , Gong X N , Ryu‐Hasegawa A , Iwashita M , Ogawa K 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMyxobolus wulii(=Myxosoma magna) was first described from the gills of goldfish,Carassius auratus auratus,in China. Subsequently, a myxosporean infecting the hepatopancreas of allogynogenetic gibel carp,C. auratus gibelio, was designated as a different species,Myxobolus guanqiaoensis, although the morphological features were almost identical to those ofM. wulii. In Japan, an unidentifiedMyxobolussp. was found in the gills and hepatopancreas of goldfish. Morphological and molecular analyses in the present study identified these myxosporeans asM. wulii, which was thus shown to use different habitats in the host fish. Phylogenetic analyses of small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences showed thatM. wuliiis closely related to two gill‐infectingMyxobolusspecies,M. ampullicapsulatusandM. longisporus. Fish infected withM. wuliiin the hepatopancreas exhibit swollen abdomens and chronic mortality. Hepatopancreas tissues are virtually destroyed and replaced with plasmodia ofM. wulii. A remarkable difference in susceptibility toM. wuliibetween two clones of allogynogenetic gibel carp was observed, suggesting that resistance to the myxosporean infection was established in a clone of fish bred by allogynogenesis.
Modulating the bacterial surface with small RNAs: a new twist on PhoP/Q‐mediated lipopolysaccharide modification
Authors: Overgaard Martin , Kallipolitis Birgitte , Valentin‐Hansen Poul 
Published: November 2009

SummaryIn recent years, small non‐coding RNAs have emerged as important regulatory components in bacterial stress responses and in bacterial virulence. Many of these are conserved in related species and act on target mRNAs by sequence complementarity. They are tightly controlled at the transcription level, and are frequently elements of global regulatory systems. In Escherichia coli and Salmonella, almost one‐third of the functional characterized small RNAs participate in control of outer membrane protein production. A subset of these genes is under the control of the σE‐signalling system that monitors the folding status of the envelope and interacts with other regulatory systems to integrate multiple signals into a co‐ordinated cellular response. In this issue of Molecular Microbiology, Moon and Gottesman describe a novel baseparing small RNA that participates in modulation of bacterial surface properties by regulating lipopolysaccharide modification. The small RNA is expressed as part of the PhoP/PhoQ two‐component system that plays a major role in virulence of pathogenic species. This work expands the list of global regulators known to control small RNA expression in enterobacteria and reinforces the idea that one central role of bacterial small regulatory RNAs is to modulate and fine‐tune cell surface composition and structure.
Micro‐scale water potential gradients visualized in soil around plant root tips using microbiosensors
Authors: HERRON PATRICK M. , GAGE DANIEL J. , CARDON ZOE G. 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTWater availability and movement in soil are critical determinants of resource availability to, and interactions among, members of the soil community. However, it has been impossible to observe gradients in soil water potential empirically at millimetre spatial scales. Here we describe progress towards that goal using output from two microbial biosensors, Pantoea agglomerans BRT98/pPProGreen and Pseudomonas putida KT2442/pPProGreen, engineered with a reporter system based on the osmotically sensitive proU promoter from Escherichia coli. The proU‐GFP construct in both microbiosensors produced green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a function total water potential in nonsterile soil. Controlled experiments in liquid culture showed that dramatically different microbiosensor growth rates (resulting from exposure to different salts as osmolytes) did not alter the GFP output as a function of water potential in either sensor, but P. agglomerans' GFP levels at a given water potential were strongly influenced by the type of carbon (energy) source available to the microbes. In non‐sterile rhizosphere soil along Zea mays L. roots, though GFP expression was quite variable, microbiosensors reported statistically significantly more negative soil water potentials as a function of axial distance from root tips, reflecting the gradient in soil water potential hypothesized to develop during transpiration.
One year period prevalence of blood transfusion
Authors: Madsen J. T. , Kimper‐Karl M. L. , Sprogøe U. , Georgsen J. , Titlestad K. 
Published: November 2009

Transfusion practice is reported to differ considerably between countries. Comparisons often rely on transfusion rates, incidence ‐ or prevalence rates. In this paper, the one‐year period prevalence rate (1‐YPPR) of transfusion of red cells (RBC) is presented.Transfusion data, demographic data and patient data were retrospectively combined to calculate sex and diagnosis specific and age standardized 1‐YPPR s of RBC transfusion for the complete population in a Danish county. During the calendar year of 2006, 4427 patients received RBC transfusion in Funen County. The crude 1‐YPPR of RBC transfusion was 9.2/1000 citizens. Most of the transfused patients had a main diagnosis of neoplasm (22% of recipients), diseases of the circulatory system (15%), the digestive system (15%), injuries (13%) and diseases of the blood (8%). Age standardization reversed the relation between sex specific 1‐YPPRs, yielding a statistically significantly higher 1‐YPPR in males (6.8/1000) vs. females (6.3/1000). The method for calculating a diagnosis specific 1‐YPPR of transfusion of RBC is presented and proposed as an option for comparison of transfusion practice with other transfusion centres. The crude and the diagnosis specific 1‐YPPR s are found to increase with age. Thus, age standardization of crude prevalence rates is necessary for meaningful comparisons between populations.
Conducting implementation research in community‐based primary care: a qualitative study on integrating patient decision support interventions for cancer screening into routine practice
Authors: Frosch Dominick L. , Singer Kirsty J. , Timmermans Stefan 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackground  Despite a growing body of evidence supporting the efficacy of patient decision support interventions (DESI), little is known about their implementation in community‐based primary care practices.Objective  The goal of this study was to explore the feasibility of integrating the use of DESIs for cancer screening in primary care practices serving patients from diverse backgrounds and learn more about the potential barriers and facilitators of integration.Setting  12 community‐based primary care practices in metropolitan Los Angeles.Main variables studied  Qualitative field notes documented the roles played by staff and physicians in accomplishing project goals, the impact of the programmes on the clinical work‐flow in the practices and other noteworthy observations.Results  Practices that were better able to integrate the project had adequate clinic infrastructure, a relatively well‐matched patient pool, and positive work and patient care environments. The remaining identified components, including staff facilitation and the physician’s role accounted for higher level differences between the clinics, acting as barriers and facilitators that distinguished practices that were able to work independently from those that required more assistance and, to a lesser extent, those clinics that did and those that did not meet the project goals.Discussion and conclusions  This study suggests that implementation of DESIs to be used immediately before a consultation is feasible if the practice infrastructure can provide sufficient basic accommodation and physician and staff are dedicated to patient care goals that are implicit in the use of these tools. Overall, the physician’s role appeared to be the most important factor in determining whether project integration was successful.
State of the art and new horizons in the diagnosis and management of egg allergy
Authors: Benhamou A. H. , Caubet J.‐C. , Eigenmann P. A. , Nowak‐We˛grzyn A. , Marcos C. P. , Reche M. , Urisu A. 
Published: November 2009

To cite this article: Benhamou AH, Caubet J‐C, Eigenmann PA, Nowak‐We˛grzyn A, Marcos CP, Reche M, Urisu A. State of the art and new horizons in the diagnosis and management of egg allergy. Allergy 2010; 65: 283–289.AbstractEgg allergy is one of the most frequent food allergies in children below the age of three. Common symptoms of egg allergy involve frequently the skin as well as the gut and in more severe cases result in anaphylaxis. Non‐IgE‐mediated symptoms such as in eosinophilic diseases of the gut or egg‐induced enterocolitis might also be observed. Sensitization to egg white proteins can be found in young children in absence of clinical symptoms. The diagnosis of egg allergy is based on the history, IgE tests as well as standardized food challenges. Ovomucoid is the major allergen of egg, and recent advances in technology have improved the diagnosis and follow‐up of patients with egg allergy by using single allergens or allergens with modified allergenic properties. Today, the management of egg allergy is strict avoidance. However, oral tolerance induction protocols, in particular with egg proteins with reduced allergenic properties, are promising tools for inducing an increased level of tolerance in specific patients.
Intranasal cooling with or without intravenous cold fluids during and after cardiac arrest in pigs
Authors: COVACIU L. , ALLERS M. , LUNDERQUIST A. , RUBERTSSON S. 
Published: November 2009

Background: Intranasal balloon catheters circulated with cold saline have previously been used for the induction and maintenance of selective brain cooling in pigs with normal circulation. In the present study, we investigated the feasibility of therapeutic hypothermia initiation, maintenance and rewarming using such intranasal balloon catheters with or without addition of intravenous ice‐cold fluids during and after cardiac arrest treatment in pigs.Material and methods: Cardiac arrest was induced in 20 anaesthetised pigs. Following 8 min of cardiac arrest and 1 min of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), cooling was initiated after randomisation with either intranasal cooling (N) or combined with intravenous ice‐cold fluids (N+S). Hypothermia was maintained for 180 min, followed by 180 min of rewarming. Brain and oesophageal temperatures, haemodynamic variables and intracranial pressure (ICP) were recorded.Results: Brain temperatures reductions after cooling did not differ (3.8 ± 0.7 °C in the N group and 4.3 ± 1.5 °C in the N+S group; P=0.47). The corresponding body temperature reductions were 3.6 ± 1.2 °C and 4.6 ± 1.5 °C (P=0.1). The resuscitation outcome was similar in both groups. Mixed venous oxygen saturation was lower in the N group after cooling and rewarming (P=0.024 and 0.002, respectively) as compared with the N+S group. ICP was higher after rewarming in the N group (25.2 ± 2.9 mmHg; P=0.01) than in the N+S group (15.7 ± 3.3 mmHg).Conclusions: Intranasal balloon catheters can be used for therapeutic hypothermia initiation, maintenance and rewarming during CPR and after successful resuscitation in pigs.
Body positions and esophageal sphincter pressures in obese patients during anesthesia
Authors: DE LEON A. , THÖRN S.‐E. , OTTOSSON J. , WATTWIL M. 
Published: November 2009

Background: The lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) play a central role in preventing regurgitation and aspiration. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the UES, LES and barrier pressures (BP) in obese patients before and during anesthesia in different body positions.Methods: Using high‐resolution solid‐state manometry, we studied 17 patients (27–63 years) with a BMI≥35 kg/m2 who were undergoing a laparoscopic bariatric surgery before and after anesthesia induction. Before anesthesia, the subjects were placed in the supine position, in the reverse Trendelenburg position (+20°) and in the Trendelenburg position (−20°). Thereafter, anesthesia was induced with remifentanil and propofol and maintained with remifentanil and sevoflurane, and the recordings in the different positions were repeated.Results: Before anesthesia, there were no differences in UES pressure in the different positions but compared with the other positions, it increased during the reverse Trendelenburg during anesthesia. LES pressure decreased in all body positions during anesthesia. The LES pressure increased during the Trendelenburg position before but not during anesthesia. The BP remained positive in all body positions both before and during anesthesia.Conclusion: LES pressure increased during the Trendelenburg position before anesthesia. This effect was abolished during anesthesia. LES and BPs decreased during anesthesia but remained positive in all patients regardless of the body position.
Potassium‐dependent wood formation in poplar: seasonal aspects and environmental limitations
Authors: Ache P. , Fromm J. , Hedrich R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPotassium availability and acquisition are pivotal for the generation of biomass and thus wood formation in growing poplar trees. Here, we focus on the role of potassium (K+) in wood production, transitions between dormancy and active growth, and limiting environmental conditions. Molecular mechanisms, such as expression and activity of K+ transporters and channels controlling seasonal changes in wood formation, are discussed.
Poplar volatiles – biosynthesis, regulation and (eco)physiology of isoprene and stress‐induced isoprenoids
Authors: Schnitzler J.‐P. , Louis S. , Behnke K. , Loivamäki M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPlants interact with their environment through a wide variety of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), with isoprenoids (≡ terpenes), i.e. isoprene, mono‐ and sesquiterpenes, playing an important role. Isoprene, a hemiterpene, is the simplest isoprenoid compound mainly emitted by tree species like poplars, oaks and willows. Woody plants alone comprise 75% of the global isoprene emitted to the atmosphere. Due to its significant influence on atmospheric chemistry, research has been focused on this C5 compound, with poplar being the most prominent model system. Recent studies indicate that isoprene can enhance thermotolerance or quench oxidative stress, while also interfering with the attraction of herbivores and parasitoids to plants. In this paper, we report on biosynthesis, regulation and function of isoprene and other stress‐induced volatile isoprenoids in poplar, and discuss the future scientific challenges in this genus with respect to the importance of plant volatiles in high‐density poplar biomass plantations.
Histological intestinal alterations in chickens fed low protein diet
Authors: Buwjoom T. , Yamauchi K. , Erikawa T. , Goto H. 
Published: November 2009

SummaryTo demonstrate whether that hypotrophied histological alterations of intestinal villi and epithelial cells are observed in chickens fed low crude protein (CP) diet, 36 male chickens were allotted into 10%, 16% and 22% CP diets groups for 35 days. The 10% CP group showed a lower value of weight gain and feed efficiency than the other two CP groups (p < 0.05). On the relative weight of visceral organs, the 10% CP group showed a heavier gizzard than the 22% CP group, a heavier jejunum than the other two CP groups and a heavier value of ileum and caeca than the 22% CP group (p < 0.05). On the relative length of intestines, the 10% CP group showed a longer value of duodenum and caeca than the other two CP groups, a longer jejunum than the 16% CP group and a longer colon than the 22% CP group (p < 0.05). The villus height and villus area of all intestinal segments did not change in all groups. The duodenal cell areas and cell mitosis numbers tended to be lower in 10% CP group than in the other two protein groups, and the jejunal cell area and duodenal cell mitosis numbers were decreased in the 10% crude protein group (p < 0.05). In relation to the protuberated cells in the higher CP groups, the 10% CP group showed only faintly protuberated cells on the duodenal and jejunal villus apical surface. The ileal villi did not show specific alterations among each group. The chronic feeding of low CP diet induced a hypotrophied histological alteration. This suggests that the hypotrophied histological alterations can assess that the fed‐diet is not so well‐balanced diets, nutritionally.