bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving Earth-like planet detection in radial velocity using deep learning
Authors: Zhao Yinan , Dumusque Xavier , Cretignier Michael , Cameron Andrew Collier , Latham David W. , López-Morales Mercedes , Mayor Michel , Sozzetti Alessandro , Cosentino Rosario , Gómez-Vargas Isidro , Pepe Francesco , Udry Stephane 
Published: May 2024

Context. Many novel methods have been proposed to mitigate stellar activity for exoplanet detection as the presence of stellar activity in radial velocity (RV) measurements is the current major limitation. Unlike traditional methods that model stellar activity in the RV domain, more methods are moving in the direction of disentangling stellar activity at the spectral level. As deep neural networks have already been proven to be one of the most effective tools in data mining, in this work, we explore their potential in the context of Earth-like planet detection in RV measurements.
Aims. The goal of this paper is to present a novel convolutional neural network-based algorithm that efficiently models stellar activity signals at the spectral level, enhancing the detection of Earth-like planets.
Methods. Based on the idea that the presence of planets can only produce a Doppler shift at the spectral level while the presence of stellar activity can introduce a variation in the profile of spectral lines (asymmetry and depth change), we trained a convolutional neural network to build the correlation between the change in the spectral line profile and the corresponding RV, full width at half maximum (FWHM) and bisector span (BIS) values derived from the classical cross-correlation function.
Results. This algorithm has been tested on three intensively observed stars: Alpha Centauri B (HD 128621), Tau ceti (HD 10700), and the Sun. By injecting simulated planetary signals at the spectral level, we demonstrate that our machine learning algorithm can achieve, for HD 128621 and HD 10700, a detection threshold of 0.5 m s−1 in semi-amplitude for planets with periods ranging from 10 to 300 days. This threshold would correspond to the detection of a ~4 M⊕ in the habitable zone of those stars. On the HARPS-N solar dataset, thanks to significantly more data, our algorithm is even more efficient at mitigating stellar activity signals and can reach a threshold of 0.2 m s−1, which would correspond to a 2.2 M⊕ planet on the orbit of the Earth.
Conclusions. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that such low detection thresholds are reported for the Sun, but also for other stars, and therefore this highlights the efficiency of our convolutional neural network-based algorithm at mitigating stellar activity in RV measurements.
Prüfungsthema: Giftig
Authors: Schmid Eva C. 
Published: May 2024

SummaryLiebe Heilpraktikeranwärter – mit diesen Karteikarten wollen wir Sie bei der Vorbereitung auf die mündliche Heilpraktikerüberprüfung unterstützen. Viel Erfolg beim Lernen wünscht Ihnen HP Eva C. Schmid!
Neue Wirkstoffe: Nebelkerze oder echte Innovation?
Authors: Wendland Matthias 
Published: May 2024

SummaryNachdem zur Migränetherapie über Jahrzehnte weitgehend nur ASS und Mutterkornalkaloide zur Verfügung standen, gefolgt von Triptanen in den 90er-Jahren, sind mit dem CGRP-Hemmer Rimegepant (Akuttherapie und Prophylaxe) und dem 5-HT1FRezeptoragonisten Lasmiditan (Akuttherapie) nun zwei spezifischere Wirkstoffe auf dem Markt. Für die Behandlung der homozygoten familiären Hypercholesterolämie (HoFH) steht nun der Antikörper Evinacumab als Cholesterinsenker zur Verfügung, für die Typ-2-Diabetes-Therapie außerdem das blutzuckersenkende GLP-1- und GIP-Analogon Tirzepatid. Der selektive Zytokininhibitor Tezepelumab bietet einen neuen Ansatz für die Add-on-Erhaltungstherapie bei schwerem Asthma bronchiale, das trotz kombinierter Anwendung von hochdosierten inhalativen Glukokortikoiden und einem weiteren Arzneimittel nicht ausreichend behandelt werden kann.
Kleiner Stich mit großen Folgen?
Authors: Schmid Eva C. 
Published: May 2024

SummaryBisse und Stiche von Insekten oder Spinnen kennt fast jeder. Sie sind unangenehm und häufig schmerzhaft, ihre Folgen jedoch zumeist relativ harmlos. Komplikationen sind möglich, wenn durch die Bisse oder Stiche gefährliche Krankheitserreger oder toxische Substanzen übertragen werden. Neben Hautveränderungen können lebensbedrohliche Immunreaktionen ebenso auftreten wie schwerwiegende Folgeerkrankungen. Differenzialdiagnostisch werden Beschwerden mit Symptomen wie Hautrötung, Juckreiz und Schwellungen, die nicht durch Bisse oder Stiche provoziert werden, betrachtet.
Sanfte Entlastung mit Genuss
Authors: Fernkäse Uta 
Published: May 2024

SummaryDie Aufnahme zu vieler säurebildender Nahrungsmittel belastet den Säure-Basen-Haushalt des Körpers. Auch Erkrankungen können dazu führen, dass Säuren nur unzureichend abgebaut werden. Das Basenfasten kann chronischer Übersäuerung entgegenwirken und hilft, das Säure-Basen-Gleichgewicht im Körper wiederherzustellen. Eine Basenwoche ist leicht umzusetzen und bietet einen Einstieg in eine ausgeglichene Ernährungsweise. Mit der Fünf-Elemente-Ernährung der TCM lässt sich der basenbetonte Speiseplan ergänzen. Dabei lindert die gesündere Lebensweise verschiedene Beschwerden – und ist darüber hinaus bekömmlich und genussvoll.
Rektumkarzinom: neoadjuvante Strategien und total neoadjuvante Therapie
Authors: Hofheinz Ralf-Dieter 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Behandlungsstrategien beim lokal fortgeschrittenen Rektumkarzinom sind stark im
Wandel. Die in den Leitlinien für lokal fortgeschrittene Tumoren uniform empfohlene Therapie
mit neoadjuvanter Radio(chemo)therapie (RChT), gefolgt von Chirurgie und ggf. adjuvanter
Therapie ist mittlerweile zugunsten folgender Konzepte verlassen: 1. verlängerte neoadjuvante
Therapie („mehr Chemotherapie vor der Operation“ als totale neoadjuvante Therapie, TNT,
bezeichnet); 2. Organerhalt bei Patienten mit einem kompletten klinischen Ansprechen nach
einer neoadjuvanten RChT; 3. Verzicht auf Strahlentherapie bei niedrigem Lokalrezidivrisiko;
4. definitive Immuntherapie mit Checkpoint-Inhibitoren bei Patient*innen mit einem
mikrosatelliteninstabilen (MSI) Primärtumor. Im vorliegenden Beitrag sollen ausgehend vom
leitlinienbasierten Status quo diese 4 neuen Strategien und aktuelle Studienkonzepte
diskutiert werden.
Influence of Substitutions and Roles on Kinematic Variables in
Professional Soccer Players
Authors: Laterza Francesco , Savoia Cristian , Bovenzi Antonio , D’Onofrio Rosario , Pompa Dario , Annino Giuseppe , Manzi Vincenzo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn soccer, roles and substitutions can make it unclear how different physical
capacities decrease over time and impact performance. This investigation aimed
to analyze kinematic parameters and their changes over game time, and provide
information to effectively prescribe training programs. Data from four
professional teams were analyzed, and all the teams competed in the Italian
First Division (Serie A). Average metabolic power and high-intensity activities
associated with critical moments in the match were considered in the
comparisons. The video analysis system STATS SportVU collected the data during
official matches. Players were assigned to a specific group according to their
time played, categorized as follows: 0–15’, 15–30’, 30–45’, 45–60’, 60–75’,
75–90’, and > 90 min. Different roles, including forwards and wingers (FW),
midfielders (MF), center-backs (CB), and side-backs (SB) were also considered.
Significant differences (p<0.05) were found in different roles and within
roles at different times played. The results highlighted how MF performance
decreased over time, whereas CB was unaffected by time. SB spent more time at
very high velocity than other roles, independently from the time played. These
findings provide valuable information about the physical demands of official
soccer matches and could be used to review training prescriptions.
Surgical Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation in High-Risk Patients: Success versus Risk
Authors: Niemann Bernd , Doll Nicolas , Grubitzsch Herko , Hanke Thorsten , Knaut Michael , Senges Jochen , Ouarrak Taoufik , Vondran Maximilian , Böning Andreas 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background Surgical atrial ablation is evaluated by surgeons in relation to the estimated surgical risk. We analyze whether high-risk patients (HRPs) experience risk escalation by ablation procedures.
Methods The CASE-Atrial Fibrillation (AF) registry is a prospective, multicenter, all-comers registry of atrial ablation in cardiac surgery. We analyzed the 1-year outcome regarding survival and rhythm endpoints of 1,000 consecutive patients according to the operative risk classification (EuroSCORE II ≤ 2 vs. >2).
Results Higher NYHA (New York Heart Association) score, ischemic heart failure, status poststroke, renal insufficiency, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and diabetes mellitus were strongly represented in HRPs. HRPs exhibit more left ventricular ejection fraction < 40% (19.2 vs. 8.8%; p < 0.001) but identical left atrial diameter and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter compared with low-risk patients (LRPs). CHA2DS-Vasc-score (2.4 ± 1 vs. 3.6 ± 1.5; p < 0.001), sternotomies, combination surgeries, coronary artery bypass graft, and mitral valve procedures were increased in HRPs. LRPs underwent stand-alone ablations as well. Ablation energy did not differ. Left atrial appendage closure was performed in up to 86.1% (mainly cut-and-sew procedures). Mortality corresponded to the original risk class without an escalation that may be related to ablation, stroke rate, or myocardial infarction. A total of 60.6% of HRPs versus 75.1% of LRPs were discharged in sinus rhythm. Long-term EHRA (European Heart Rhythm Association) score symptoms were lower in HRPs. Repeated rhythm therapies were rare. Additional antiarrhythmics received a minority without group dependency. A total of 1.6 versus 4.1% of HRPs (p = 0.042) underwent long-term stroke; excess mortality was not observed. Anticoagulation remained common in HRPs.
Conclusion Surgical risk and long-term mortality are determined by the underlying disease. In HRPs, freedom from AF and symptom relief can be achieved. Preoperative risk scores should not lead to withholding an ablation procedure.
Terrorism Studies beyond counter-counterterrorism: opening the door to Jenseits
Authors: Ó Guaire Keagan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper offers some lines of flight away from stagnant features of Terrorism Studies. I largely reiterate the critiques made by field leaders like Lee Jarvis, but I frame the field in a way that eases the tensions between different forms of critical scholarship which have frustrated other writers. Where others split the field into ‘traditional’ and ‘critical’ strands and admonish the ‘critical’ strand for its reticence to reflexively critique its referent objects, I suggest that Terrorism Studies can be read as a convergence of ‘Counterterrorism Studies’, ‘Critical Terrorism Studies’ and ‘The Beyond’. While the second category exists primarily to grapple with the first, relying heavily on the language and theoretical frameworks of the first, the third category troubles the very constitution of concepts like the state and the figure of the terrorist, which are the sine qua non of the first two categories.
Patterning and epitaxy of large-area arrays of nanoscale complex oxide epitaxial heterostructures
Authors: Betancourt-Ponce Miguel A. , Liu Rui , Sun Jian , Evans Paul G. , Gopalan Padma 
Published: May 2024

A combination of block copolymer (BCP) lithography and solid-phase epitaxy can be employed to form large areas, on the order of square centimeters, of a high density of epitaxial crystalline complex oxide nanostructures. We have used BCP lithography with a poly(styrene-block-methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) copolymer to template a nanohole array either directly on an (001)-oriented SrTiO3 (STO) single crystal substrate or on a 20 nm-thick Si3N4 layer deposited on the STO substrate. BCPs with the selected compositions assembled in a cylindrical phase with 16 nm diameter PMMA cylinders and a cylinder-to-cylinder spacing of 32 nm. The substrate was modified with an energetically non-preferential polymer layer to allow for the vertical alignment of the cylinders. The PMMA cylinders were removed using a subtractive process, leaving an array of cylindrical holes. For BCPs assembled on Si3N4/STO, the pattern was transferred to the Si3N4 layer using reactive ion etching, exposing the underlying STO substrate in the nanoholes. An amorphous LaAlO3 (LAO) layer was deposited on the patterned Si3N4/STO at room temperature. The amorphous LAO epitaxially crystallized within the nanoscale-patterned holes with fully relaxed lattice parameters through solid phase epitaxy, resulting in the formation of nanoscale LAO/STO epitaxial heterostructures.
Dynamic modulation of multicolor upconversion luminescence of Er3+ via excitation pulse width
Authors: Ma En , Yu Shiqi , You Wenwu , Tu Datao , Wen Fei , Xing Yun , Lu Shan , Chen Xueyuan 
Published: May 2024

Lanthanide-doped upconversion (UC) luminescent materials display multicolor emissions, making them ideal for a variety of applications, such as multi-channel biological imaging, fluorescence encryption, anti-counterfeiting, and 3D display. Manipulating the UC emissions of the luminescent materials with a fixed composition is crucial for their applications. Herein, we propose a facile strategy to achieve pulse-width-dependent multicolor UC emissions in NaYF4:Yb/Er/Tm nanocrystals. Upon excitation with a 980 nm continuous-wave laser diode, Er3+ ions in NaYF4:20%Yb,15%Er,1%Tm nanocrystals exhibited UC emissions with a red-to-green (R/G) ratio of 11.3. Nevertheless, by employing a 980 nm pulse laser with pulse widths from 0.1 to 10 ms, the UC R/G ratio can be easily adjusted from 0.9 to 11.3, resulting in continuous and remarkable color transformation from green, yellow, orange, to red. By virtue of the dynamic luminescence color variation of these NaYF4:20%Yb,15%Er,1%Tm nanocrystals, we demonstrated their potential applications in the areas of anti-counterfeiting and information encryption. These findings provide deep insights into the excited-state dynamics and energy transfer of Er3+ in NaYF4:Yb/Er/Tm nanocrystals upon 980 nm pulse excitation, which may pave the way for designing multicolor UC materials toward versatile applications.
Discovering melting temperature prediction models of inorganic solids by combining supervised and unsupervised learning
Authors: Gharakhanyan Vahe , Wirth Luke J. , Garrido Torres Jose A. , Eisenberg Ethan , Wang Ting , Trinkle Dallas R. , Chatterjee Snigdhansu , Urban Alexander 
Published: May 2024

The melting temperature is important for materials design because of its relationship with thermal stability, synthesis, and processing conditions. Current empirical and computational melting point estimation techniques are limited in scope, computational feasibility, or interpretability. We report the development of a machine learning methodology for predicting melting temperatures of binary ionic solid materials. We evaluated different machine-learning models trained on a dataset of the melting points of 476 non-metallic crystalline binary compounds using materials embeddings constructed from elemental properties and density-functional theory calculations as model inputs. A direct supervised-learning approach yields a mean absolute error of around 180 K but suffers from low interpretability. We find that the fidelity of predictions can further be improved by introducing an additional unsupervised-learning step that first classifies the materials before the melting-point regression. Not only does this two-step model exhibit improved accuracy, but the approach also provides a level of interpretability with insights into feature importance and different types of melting that depend on the specific atomic bonding inside a material. Motivated by this finding, we used a symbolic learning approach to find interpretable physical models for the melting temperature, which recovered the best-performing features from both prior models and provided additional interpretability.
Designing PEDOT: PSS/Si hybrid solar cells via numerical simulation: optimum selection of the absorber and hole transport layer thickness and defect density
Authors: Krishnan Akhil , Ahmed Nafis , P Balaji Bhargav , P Ramasamy 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Numerical investigation of PEDOT: PSS/Si heterostructures was carried out using solar cell capacitance simulation (SCAPS 1D) in which experimentally observed absorbance of PEDOT: PSS was incorporated. The defect density of PEDOT: PSS, the defect density of n-Si, and the donor doping density of n-type silicon wafer were investigated based on the optimized absorption coefficient of n-type silicon wafer. The optimized value of PEDOT: PSS thickness, doping density, and the defect density of both PEDOT: PSS and n-Si were determined. The contour colour mapping tool was used to predict the efficiency region of the heterojunction solar cell. 21.2% efficient PEDOT: PSS/n-Si hybrid solar cells resulted after optimizing the parameters.
Analytical solution and spectral structure of the two-photon anisotropic Rabi-Stark model
Authors: Yan Zhanyuan , Cheng Jiaxin , Qiu Fangcheng , Liu Ronghai , Zhao Weiran , Ma Jinying 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Since the realization of the strong coupling between light and matter in experimental setups, the quantum Rabi model and its generalized models describing the interaction between the boson field and the two-level system have attracted extensive interest again. The study of anisotropic generalized Rabi models enables us to better understand the novel physical properties of the interaction between light and matter in the ultra-strong and deep-strong coupling regions. In this work, the two-photon anisotropic Rabi-Stark model (tpARSM) is analytically solved by using the Bogoliubov operator approach and the su(1, 1) Lie algebra. We derive the G-function, whose zeros give the regular spectrum of the system. By studying the pole structure of the G-function and the coefficients in the function, exceptional solutions, including the first-order quantum phase transition points, doubly degenerate exceptional solutions and nondegenerate exceptional solutions, are obtained. By discussing the spectral structure, we give the conditions for the first-order quantum phase transition of tpARSM. Furthermore, we find that the property that all of the lowest doubly degenerate crossing points in the two-photon Rabi-Stark model have the same energy only holds for the special case of the tpARSM in which the anisotropy parameter is equal to 1. Finally, from the perspective of first-order quantum phase transitions, concise conditions for the ground state energy level to collapse to or escape from the collapse point for the tpARSM are presented. A good understanding of the tpARSM will lay a good foundation for studying the extended two-photon systems involving multiple levels and multiple bosonic modes, and even the relevant open quantum systems.
Identification of heat exchanger process through Hammerstein and polynomial models
Authors: J Jencia , D Hepsiba , L D Vijay Anand 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Process industries extensively use heat exchangers in their operations, playing a crucial role in various sectors by facilitating efficient heat transfer, conserving energy, and reducing operational costs. This paper focuses on identifying and validating the system model, with the primary task of designing the controller involving the determination of the mathematical representation of the system. The First Order Plus Dead Time (FODT) model, derived from basic principles, is used to represent the system. To analyze the system’s behavior and construct a suitable controller, model development is essential, achieved by constructing principles models using energy balance equations to identify the heat exchanger process. Data collected from the model are utilized in the identification process, with the temperature at the outlet of the hot air blower being the controlled variable in this investigation. The research aims to determine the mathematical model based on time versus temperature data acquired from the Heat Exchanger. Various system identification methods, such as Hammerstein Wiener (HW), Auto Regressive with Exogenous Input (ARX), Box-Jenkins (BJ), Output-Error (OE), and Auto Regressive Moving Average with Exogenous Input (ARMAX) models, are implemented for the heat exchanger. The models obtained undergo validation, and the best-fit model closest to the physical system is considered for controller design. After conducting the analysis, it was found that the Output-Error (OE) model outperforms other models in terms of achieving the best fit.
Affordable and customizable electrospinning set-up based on 3D printed components
Authors: Skoumal V , Pechoušek J , Paralı L , Koç M 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The widespread use of electrospinning, a technique widely used for fabricating micro/nanofibrous materials, has been limited by the high acquisition costs of commercial equipment. This study introduces an accessible alternative by leveraging 3D-printing technology, providing detailed insights into the design and functionality of each component. Specifically, a cost-effective syringe pump, a rotating collector that allows fiber orientation control, and a user-friendly control unit are described. The affordability and customizability of the proposed setup are emphasized, demonstrating its versatility in accelerating material research. Experimental results on polyvinyl difluoride (PVDF) showcase successful electrospinning, validating the efficacy of the 3D-printed electrospinning device. This innovative solution aims to increase the method’s availability and broader utilization in research and development applications.
Accretion flows around spinning compact objects in the post-Newtonian regime
Authors: Nazari Elham , Mitra Samik , Abbassi Shahram , Das Santabrata 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We present the structure of a low angular momentum accretion flows around rotating compact objects incorporating relativistic corrections up to the leading post-Newtonian order. To begin with, we formulate the governing post-Newtonian hydrodynamic equations for the mass and energy-momentum flux without imposing any symmetries. However, for the sake of simplicity, we consider the flow to be stationary, axisymmetric, and inviscid. Toward this, we adapt the polytropic equation of state (EoS) and analyze the vertically integrated accretion flow confined to the equatorial plane. It is shown that the spin-orbit effects manifest themselves in the accretion dynamics. In the present analysis, we focus on global transonic accretion solutions, where a subsonic flow enters far away from the compact object and gradually gains radial velocity as it moves inwards. Thus, the flow becomes supersonic after reaching a certain radius, known as the critical point. To better understand the transonic solutions and examine the effect of post-Newtonian corrections, we classify the post-Newtonian equations into semi-relativistic (SR), semi-Newtonian (SN), and non-relativistic (NR) limits and compare the accretion solutions and their corresponding flow variables. With these, we find that SR and SN flow are in good agreement all throughout, although they deviate largely from the NR ones. Interestingly, the density profile seems to follow the profile ρ ∝ r
-3/2 in the post-Newtonian regime. The present study has the potential to connect Newtonian and GR descriptions of accretion dynamics.