bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The development of emotional face and eye gaze processing
Authors: Hoehl Stefanie , Striano Tricia 
Published: January 2010

AbstractRecent research has demonstrated that infants’ attention towards novel objects is affected by an adult’s emotional expression and eye gaze toward the object. The current event‐related potential (ERP) study investigated how infants at 3, 6, and 9 months of age process fearful compared to neutral faces looking toward objects or averting gaze away from objects. Furthermore, we examined how the processing of novel objects is affected by gaze direction and emotional expression. We hypothesized that an adult’s fearful expression should be particularly salient when it is directed toward a referent in the environment. Furthermore, responses to objects should be increased if the face previously expressed fear toward the object. Three‐month‐olds did not show differential neural responses to fearful vs. neutral faces regardless of gaze direction. Six‐month‐olds showed an enhanced negative central (Nc) component for fearful relative to neutral faces looking toward objects, but not when eye gaze was averted away from the objects. Furthermore, 6‐month‐olds showed an enhanced Nc for objects that had been gaze‐cued by a fearful compared to a neutral face. Nine‐month‐olds showed an enhanced Nc for fearful relative to neutral faces in both eye gaze conditions and showed an enhanced Nc for objects that had been gaze‐cued by a neutral face. The findings are discussed in the context of social cognitive and brain development.
THE EXTENT OF THE WORLD COFFEE MARKET
Authors: Ghoshray Atanu 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTThis paper employs a novel method to determine whether the prices of various types of coffee are co‐integrated. In the spirit of Stigler's arbitrage definition of the market, an attempt is made to test whether all the prices co‐integrate in pairs, implying that there is a single market for coffee. This test for co‐integration is carried out using both linear and non‐linear approaches. This finding demonstrates that the conclusions drawn from the linear and non‐linear tests may be drastically different.
Assessing the Concept of the ‘Insecure‐Other’ Category in the Cassidy–Marvin Scheme: Changes Between 4 and 6 Years in the English and Romanian Adoptee Study
Authors: Kreppner Jana , Rutter Michael , Marvin Robert , O'Connor Thomas , Sonuga‐Barke Edmund 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe set out to explore the meaning of the attachment categories in the Cassidy/Marvin strange situation procedure, as employed in the home, using data from a longitudinal study of children adopted into UK families up to the age of 42 months from Romanian institutions, and of adopted children without the experience of institutional care––both groups being assessed at 4 and 6 years of age. Inter‐rater reliability was found to be good. Security (meaning the use of the parent as a secure base and no negative behavior on reunion) was the modal categorical rating in both the institution‐reared and comparison groups, but the category of anomalous non‐normative behavior (meaning a lack of any ordered attachment behavior as covered by the standard ratings), previously labeled ‘insecure‐other’, was more common in the institution‐reared children. Because this was unassociated with the usual manifestations of insecurity (such as avoidance or resistance) and because it was largely evident in interactions with the stranger, it is concluded that the adjective ‘insecure’ was not appropriate. Although this ‘insecure‐other’ category was associated with disinhibited attachment as reported by parents (meaning a lack of differentiation among adults, a willingness to go off with strangers and a lack of checking back with parents in anxiety‐provoking situations), it did not prove to be a good index of disinhibited attachment because changes over time in the ‘insecure‐other’ category were not associated with changes in the rate of disinhibited attachment. Also, whereas the rate of ‘insecure‐other’ fell markedly in the institution‐reared group between 4 and 6 years of age, it rose in the comparison group, raising queries over its meaning.
Random-Effects Models for Migration Attractivity and Retentivity: A Bayesian Methodology
Authors: Congdon Peter 
Published: January 2010

SummarySeveral studies have proposed methods for deriving summary scores for describing the in-migrant attractivity of areas, as well as out-migrant push (or conversely migrant retentivity). Simple in-migration and out-migrant rates (migrant totals divided by populations) do not correct for spatial separation or the migration context of a particular area, namely the size and proximity of nearby urban areas with populations at risk of migrating to an area, or offering potential destinations for out-migrants from an area. An extended random-effects gravity model is proposed to represent the influences of attractivity and retentivity after controlling for urban structure. Whereas the existing literature is focused on fixed effects modelling (and classical estimation), the focus in this paper is on a Bayesian hierarchical random-effects approach that links estimates of pull-and-push scores across areas (i.e. allows scores to be spatially correlated) and also allows correlation between attractivity and retentivity within areas. As demonstrated by a case-study of English local authorities, a random-effects model may have a lower effective model dimension than a fixed effects model.
How Much can we Learn about Missing Data?: An Exploration of a Clinical Trial in Psychiatry
Authors: Jackson Dan , White Ian R. , Leese Morven 
Published: January 2010

SummaryWhen a randomized controlled trial has missing outcome data, any analysis is based on untestable assumptions, e.g. that the data are missing at random, or less commonly on other assumptions about the missing data mechanism. Given such assumptions, there is an extensive literature on suitable methods of analysis. However, little is known about what assumptions are appropriate. We use two sources of ancillary data to explore the missing data mechanism in a trial of adherence therapy in patients with schizophrenia: carer-reported (proxy) outcomes and the number of contact attempts. This requires additional assumptions to be made whose plausibility we discuss. Proxy outcomes are found to be unhelpful in this trial because they are insufficiently associated with patient outcome and because the ancillary assumptions are implausible. The number of attempts required to achieve a follow-up interview is helpful and suggests that these data are unlikely to depart far from being missing at random. We also perform sensitivity analyses to departures from missingness at random, based on the investigators’ prior beliefs elicited at the start of the trial. Wider use of techniques such as these will help to inform the choice of suitable assumptions for the analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Assessing Publication Bias in Meta-Analyses in the Presence of Between-Study Heterogeneity
Authors: Peters Jaime L. , Sutton Alex J. , Jones David R. , Abrams Keith R. , Rushton Lesley , Moreno Santiago G. 
Published: January 2010

SummaryBetween-study heterogeneity and publication bias are common features of a meta-analysis that can be present simultaneously. When both are suspected, consideration must be made of each in the assessment of the other. We consider extended funnel plot tests for detecting publication bias, and selection modelling and trim-and-fill methods to adjust for publication bias in the presence of between-study heterogeneity. These methods are applied to two example data sets. Results indicate that ignoring between-study heterogeneity when assessing publication bias can be misleading, but that methods to test or adjust for publication bias in the presence of heterogeneity may not be powerful when the meta-analysis is not large. It is therefore unrealistic to expect to disentangle the effects of publication bias and heterogeneity reliably in all except the largest meta-analyses.
Combining Available Migration Data in England to Study Economic Activity Flows Over Time
Authors: Smith Peter W. F. , Raymer James , Giulietti Corrado 
Published: January 2010

SummaryInformation about internal migration in England may come from decennial censuses, surveys or population (health) registers. We propose a methodology that allows us to combine aspects from multiple sources of data to provide a time series of detailed migration flows. By detailed, we refer to a migration flow table cross-classified by origin, destination, age, sex and economic activity (e.g. employees, retirees or students). Our results can be used to analyse the movements of various population groups between counties in England over time.
Disaggregated Spatial Modelling for Areal Unit Categorical Data
Authors: Tassone Eric C. , Miranda Marie Lynn , Gelfand Alan E. 
Published: January 2010

SummaryWe consider joint spatial modelling of areal multivariate categorical data assuming a multiway contingency table for the variables, modelled by using a log-linear model, and connected across units by using spatial random effects. With no distinction regarding whether variables are response or explanatory, we do not limit inference to conditional probabilities, as in customary spatial logistic regression. With joint probabilities we can calculate arbitrary marginal and conditional probabilities without having to refit models to investigate different hypotheses. Flexible aggregation allows us to investigate subgroups of interest; flexible conditioning enables not only the study of outcomes given risk factors but also retrospective study of risk factors given outcomes. A benefit of joint spatial modelling is the opportunity to reveal disparities in health in a richer fashion, e.g. across space for any particular group of cells, across groups of cells at a particular location, and, hence, potential space–group interaction. We illustrate with an analysis of birth records for the state of North Carolina and compare with spatial logistic regression.
Shape Spaces for Prealigned Star-Shaped Objects—Studying the Growth of Plants by Principal Components Analysis
Authors: Hotz T. , Huckemann S. , Munk A. , Gaffrey D. , Sloboda B. 
Published: January 2010

SummaryWe analyse the shapes of star-shaped objects which are prealigned. This is motivated from two examples studying the growth of leaves, and the temporal evolution of tree rings. In the latter case measurements were taken at fixed angles whereas in the former case the angles were free. Subsequently, this leads to different shape spaces, related to different concepts of size, for the analysis. Whereas several shape spaces already existed in the literature when the angles are fixed, a new shape space for free angles, called spherical shape space, needed to be introduced. We compare these different shape spaces both regarding their mathematical properties and in their adequacy to the data at hand; we then apply suitably defined principal component analysis on these. In both examples we find that the shapes evolve mainly along the first principal component during growth; this is the ‘geodesic hypothesis’ that was formulated by Le and Kume. Moreover, we could link change-points of this evolution to significant changes in environmental conditions.
A Copula Model for Dependent Competing Risks
Authors: Lo Simon M. S. , Wilke Ralf A. 
Published: January 2010

SummaryMany popular estimators for duration models require independent competing risks or independent censoring. In contrast, copula-based estimators are also consistent in the presence of dependent competing risks. We suggest a computationally convenient extension of the copula graphic estimator to a model with more than two dependent competing risks. We analyse the applicability of this estimator by means of simulations and unemployment duration data from Germany. We obtain evidence that our estimator yields nice results if the dependence structure is known and that it is a powerful tool for the assessment of the relevance of (in-)dependence assumptions in applied duration research.
Selim's Sisters: Muslim Women in Novels by Uwe Timm and Hermann Schulz
Authors: Albrecht Monika 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTAgainst the backdrop of the fact that German writers with a German background do not seem to be very interested in casting Germans with a migrant background as their literary characters, this paper focuses on two of the rare exceptions that deal with Muslim women of Turkish origin, Uwe Timm's Rot (2001) and Hermann Schulz's Iskender (1999). In discussing these novels, I am mostly interested in the way these writers take part in current debates on Muslims in Western societies and in how they engage in their specific vision of a multicultural Germany. The results are at least twofold; on the one hand one has to conclude that both Hermann Schulz and Uwe Timm are dividing Muslims into good and bad, desired and not desired; on the other hand their novels also provide facets of a counter image and introduce largely unfamiliar aspects – which can count as a major achievement in the light of the prevailing idea of the Islamic world in the imagination of the German public.Ethnische Minderheiten sind selten in Werken von einheimischen Schriftstellern zu finden. Vor diesem Hintergrund konzentriert sich der vorliegende Essay auf zwei der wenigen Ausnahmen, Uwe Timms Roman Rot (2001) and Hermann Schulz' Iskender (1999), in denen türkisch‐muslimische Frauen Teil des literarischen Ensembles sind. Das Interesse gilt insbesondere der Art und Weise, wie ihre Autoren an gegenwärtigen Debatten über Muslime in westlichen Gesellschaften Teil haben, und es wird nach ihrer Vision eines multikulturellen Deutschland gefragt, wie es in den Texten zum Ausdruck kommt. Dabei fällt auf, dass Muslime sowohl bei Hermann Schulz als auch bei Uwe Timm in gute und schlechte, erwünschte und weniger erwünschte aufgeteilt werden. Andererseits entwerfen die Romane jedoch auch Gegenbilder und beziehen Aspekte ein, die der Mehrheit der Deutschen nicht vertraut sind – was angesichts gängiger Vorstellungen über die islamische Lebenswelt als bemerkenswerter Beitrag zur Multikulturalismusdebatte gelten kann.
Work, Sex, and Socialism: Reading Beyond Cultural Hybridity in Emine Sevgi Özdamar's Die Brücke vom Goldenen Horn
Authors: Weber Beverly M. 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTEmine Sevgi Özdamar's work reveals and challenges two dominant images of the immigrant woman in circulation in Germany. When she superimposes the images of the headscarf and the cleaning woman, she reveals the often hidden intersections of representations of the veiled immigrant woman and her role in the German service industry. As ‘the Other’ within Germany, the Muslim woman's veiled body constructs emancipated, democratic Germanness while effectively obscuring the role immigrant women's labour has played in Germany's globalised economy. This production of Germanness participates in a peculiar biopolitics that limits the terrain on which immigrant women, particularly Muslim immigrant women, can participate in German culture. In this essay I briefly sketch out one of the dominant discourses within which immigrant women have been represented in Germany. I then consider a novel by the Turkish German author Emine Sevgi Özdamar, Die Brücke vom Goldenen Horn (1998), in order to consider how her narrative of a ‘sexual’ coming of age also becomes a narrative that reveals and resists those discursive boundaries that circumscribe Muslim woman's femininity and the possibility for ‘Islam in Germany’.Das Werk Emine Sevgi Özdamars legt die dominanten Bilder von Frauen mit Migrationshintergrund in Deutschland offen, und stellt diese Darstellungen wiederum in Frage. Wenn Özdamar die Bilder des Kopftuchs und der Putzfrau zusammenbringt, enthüllt sie die oft versteckten Verschränkungen der Darstellungen der bedeckten Frau mit Migrationshintergrund und ihre wirkliche Rolle in der Dienstindustrie. Als das schlechthin ‘Andere’ fungiert der bedeckte Körper der muslimischen Frau, um ein emanzipiertes, demokratisches Deutschand zu bestätigen. Gleichzeitig verdeckt er die Rolle, die ihre Arbeit in der globalisierten Wirtschaft Deutschlands spielt. So eine Konstruktion von Deutschland wirkt bei einer seltsamen Biopolitik mit, die den Raum begrenzt, in dem Frauen mit Migrationshintergrund, besonders muslimische Frauen, mitmachen dürfen. In diesem Aufsatz skizziere ich zunächst ein wichtiges Diskursfeld, in dem die muslimische Frau dargestellt wird. Ich analysiere den Roman Die Brücke vom Goldenen Horn um zu zeigen, wie dieses Buch die Form eines sexuellen Bildungsromans verwendet, um die diskursiven Grenzen der ‘muslimischen Frau’ und ‘Islam in Deutschland’ in Frage zu stellen.
Hybridity and the Politics of the Everyday in Contemporary Austria1
Authors: Karner Christian 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTThis article pursues two inter‐related aims. First, it adds to existing research on contemporary Austrian society and politics by analysing select empirical snapshots of different forms of hybridity from within the realms of the country's ideologically heterogeneous media, recent political debates, cultural production and everyday life. Second, analysis of these empirical materials is used to engage critically with existing theoretical strands in the literature on hybridity and creolisation. Taking conceptualisations of anthropoemic and anthropophagic responses to ‘the stranger’ as my point of conceptual departure, I demonstrate that both strategies depend on clear‐cut classifications of self and other that construct liminality as problematic. This is then followed by a discussion of alternative discourses of national identity not premised on rigid self‐other distinctions and other manifestations of hybridity not primarily defined by precarious liminality. Hybridity is thus shown to be also reflexively politicised and celebrated, in critical opposition to nationalist discourses of belonging. I discuss the tension between everyday syncretism and culturally hybrid life histories on the one hand, and their denial or silencing by exclusivist identity politics on the other.Dieser Artikel verfolgt zwei Absichten. Erstens leistet er einen Beitrag zur bereits bestehenden Literatur zur österreichischen Gesellschaft und Politik, indem er ausgewählte ‘Schnappschüsse’ unterschiedlicher Arten der Hybridität in Österreichs ideologisch vielfältiger Medienlandschaft, aktuellen politischen Debatten, Kulturproduktion und Alltag analysiert. Zweitens dient die Analyse dieser empirischen Materialien einer kritischen Auseinandersetzung mit theoretischen Ansätzen zur ‘Hybridität’ und ‘Creolisierung’. Dabei liefern Überlegungen bezüglich anthropoemischer und anthropophagischer Reaktionen auf ‘den Fremden’ einen Ansatzpunkt. Es wird gezeigt, dass beide Strategien das Eigene und das Andere als deutlich getrennte Kategorien konstruieren und dabei jegliche Überschneidungen als problematisch betrachten. Dem folgt eine Diskussion alternativer Diskurse nationaler Identität, welche nicht auf starre Grenzziehungen bestehen, und eine Analyse anderer Arten der Hybridität, die nicht in erster Linie durch einen prekären Schwellenzustand gekennzeichnet sind. Dabei wird gezeigt, dass Hybridität zum Teil auch aktiv politisiert und zelebriert wird – und zwar in kritischem Widerstand zu nationalistischen Diskursen der Ausgrenzung. Letztlich findet auch die Spannung zwischen Alltagssynkretismus und kulturell vielfältigen Lebensgeschichten und deren Verdrängung in ausgrenzender Identitätspolitik Erwähnung.
Badiou and the philosophy of social work: a reply to Stephen Webb
Authors: Imre Robert 
Published: January 2010

Imre R. Badiou and the philosophy of social work: a reply to Stephen WebbInt J Soc Welfare 2010: 19: 253–258 © 2010 The Author, Journal compilation © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and the International Journal of Social Welfare.Stephen Webb's recent article ‘Against diversity and difference in social work’ claims that the work of Alain Badiou has the potential to be of great use in social work practice. Webb is faced with the problem of a discourse that has eroded any practical meaning attached to notions of diversity and difference, he laments the ‘ethical turn’ in social work practice and blames post‐modernism. Webb views the work of Badiou as a way to reinvigorate social work practice. I claim that Badiou's Being and Event is exclusive to ontology. Connections between Being and Event and possible ‘uses’ of Badiou's subtractive ontology, as an instrumentalisation, are not worthwhile. Critiquing Badiou's non‐ontological philosophies and political polemics is a better way to assess the practicality of his thought outside of his ontology. Webb's conflation of post‐modernism, neoliberalism and the difference, diversity and ethics discourse is also problematic and is critiqued here.
An introduction to electrocardiogram monitoring
Authors: Jevon Phil 
Published: January 2010

The aim of this paper is to provide an introduction to electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring. The objectives are to:

define an ECG;
describe how the ECG relates to cardiac contraction, with specific reference to the conduction system of the heart;
recognize sinus rhythm;
list the indications for ECG monitoring;
discuss the important features of a modern bedside cardiac monitor;
describe where to position ECG electrodes;
outline a suggested procedure for ECG monitoring;
discuss the infection control issues related to ECG monitoring.
Clinical Assessment of Ischemia‐modified Albumin and Heart Fatty Acid–binding Protein in the Early Diagnosis of Non‐ST‐elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome in the Emergency Department
Authors: Charpentier Sandrine , Ducassé Jean Louis , Cournot Maxime , Maupas‐Schwalm Françoise , Elbaz Meyer , Baixas Cécile , Juchet Henri , Lang Thierry , Lauque Dominique 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectives:  Heart fatty acid–binding protein (h‐FABP) and ischemia‐modified albumin (IMA) have recently been evaluated, but to the best of our knowledge, no study has reported an analysis of these two markers for the detection of early myocardial infarction and myocardial ischemia in a large cohort of consecutive patients presenting to an emergency department (ED). This study evaluates the diagnostic accuracy and the clinical utility of h‐FABP and IMA for non‐ST‐segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (ACS) diagnosis in the first hour of management in an ED.Methods:  In a prospective 11‐month study, 677 patients admitted to the ED with chest pain and suspected non‐ST‐segment elevation ACS were enrolled. On presentation, blood samples were obtained for the measurement of the biomarkers h‐FABP (immunodetection with CardioDetect) and IMA (albumin cobalt‐binding test). Two physicians, blinded to the results of the markers, independently categorized patients as having or not having non‐ST‐segment elevation ACS.Results:  Of the 677 patients who were prospectively recruited, non‐ST‐segment elevation ACS was diagnosed in 185 (27.3%). While IMA was not predictive of the ACS diagnosis (odds ratio [OR] = 1.23; 95% CI = 0.87 to 1.81), h‐FABP was predictive of ACS diagnosis (OR = 4.65; 95% CI = 2.39 to 9.04) with specificity at 96.8% (95% CI = 95.4% to 98.1%) and sensitivity at 13.5% (95% CI = 10.9% to 16.1%). However, h‐FABP did not add significant additional information to a predictive model that included the usual diagnostic tools for non‐ST‐elevation ACS management (p = 0.40).Conclusions:  In this study on a large cohort of patients admitted to an ED for chest pain, IMA and h‐FABP did not provide valuable information for ACS diagnosis.ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2010; 17:27–35 © 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine