bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometric and semi‐empirical calculations study of five isoflavone aglycones
Authors: Madeira Paulo J. Amorim , Borges Carlos M. , Florêncio M. Helena 
Published: December 2010

AbstractFive isoflavones, daidzein, genistein, formononetin, prunetin and biochanin A, known for their biological properties, are investigated by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in the positive ion mode. The most probable protonation sites are determined taking into account semi‐empirical calculations using the PM6 Hamiltonian. Fragmentation mechanisms are proposed based on accurate mass measurements, MS3 experiments and supported by the semi‐empirical calculations. Some of the fragmentation pathways were found to be dependent on the substitution pattern of the B‐ring and the ions afforded by these fragmentations can be considered as diagnostic. It was possible to distinguish between prunetin and biochanin A, two isobaric isoflavone aglycones included in this study. Furthermore, a comparison of the fragmentation patterns of genistein and biochanin A, two isoflavones, with those of their flavone counterparts, apigenin and acacetin, enabled us to identify some key ions mainly due to structural features, allowing distinction to be made between these two classes of compounds. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Real‐time monitoring of the progress of polymerization reactions directly on surfaces at open atmosphere by ambient mass spectrometry
Authors: Nørgaard Asger W. , Vaz Boniek G. , Lauritsen Frants R. , Eberlin Marcos N. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe progress of an on‐surface polymerization process involving alkyl and perfluoroalkyl silanes and siloxanes was monitored in real‐time via easy ambient sonic spray ionization mass spectrometry (EASI‐MS). When sprayed on surfaces, the organosilicon compounds present in commercially available nanofilm products (NFPs) react by condensation to form a polymeric coating. A NFP for coating of floor materials (NFP‐1) and a second NFP for coating tiles and ceramics (NFP‐2) were applied to glass, filter paper or cotton surfaces and the progress of the polymerization was monitored by slowly scanning the surface. Via EASI(+)‐MS monitoring, significant changes in the composition of hydrolysates and condensates of 1H,1H,2H,2H‐perfluorooctyl triisopropoxysilane (NFP‐1) and hexadecyl triethoxysilane (NFP‐2) were observed over time. The abundances of the hydrolyzed species decreased compared with those of the non‐hydrolysed species for both NFP‐1 and NFP‐2 and the heavier oligomers became relatively more abundant over a period of 15–20 min. A similar tendency favouring the heavier oligomers was observed via EASI(−)‐MS. This work illustrates the potential of ambient mass spectrometry for the direct monitoring of polymerization reactions on surfaces. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
N‐Nitrosopiperazines form at high pH in post‐combustion capture solutions containing piperazine: a low‐energy collisional behaviour study
Authors: Jackson Phil , Attalla Moetaz I. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractDuring the process of exploring aqueous piperazine chemistry under simulated flue‐gas scrubbing conditions, positive‐ion electrospray ionisation mass spectrometric (ESI‐MS) analyses of the resulting reaction mixtures in a triple quadrupole system revealed the presence of peaks at m/z 116 and 145, the putative N‐nitroso derivatives of piperazine. Confirmation of the presence of these species in the reaction mixtures was achieved using collision‐induced dissociation experiments. A purchased standard, together with in‐house synthesised N‐nitrosopiperazine standards (including N‐nitroso derivatives derived from deuterium‐labelled precursor materials), were used for this purpose. Across a small range of collision energies, large fluctuations in the abundance of the two major product ions of protonated N‐nitrosopiperazine, m/z 86 and 85, were observed. Using B3LYP/6‐311 + +G(d,p) computations, the potential energy surface was determined for loss of NO and [H,N,O]. At an activation energy slightly in excess of 1 eV, intramolecular isomerisation precedes loss of NO (m/z 86) via a 4,1 H‐shift, and at activation energies between 2.1–2.3 eV, consecutive loss of NO and atomic hydrogen competes with the direct loss of nitrosyl hydride (m/z 85). It is recommended that any multiple reaction monitoring method for quantifying N‐nitrosopiperazines at low collision energies use the sum of both transitions (m/z 116 ← 85, m/z 116 ← 86) to avoid errors that could be introduced by subtle changes in ES source conditions or collision voltages. This approach is adopted in an HPLC/MS/MS method used to monitor the degradation of N‐nitrosopiperazine exposed to (i) broad‐band UV light and (ii) heat typical of an amine regeneration (stripper) tower. The results reveal that aqueous N‐nitrosopiperazine is thermally stable at 150°C but will degrade slowly upon exposure to UV light. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Specification, implementation and performance evaluation of the QoS‐friendly encapsulating security payload (Q‐ESP) protocol
Authors: Mostafa Mahmoud , Kalam Anas Abou El , Maachaoui Mohamed , Idboufker Noureddine 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWhile IPSec standard is largely used to protect real time network applications, it unfortunately consumes more processing time, cause packet delay and impede QoS enforcement. The QoS level that a flow receives depends on the value of the Type of Service (ToS) field; the later is set by the ‘Multi‐Field’ (MF) packet classifiers according to the IP source and destination addresses and ports as well as the transport layer protocol. The last three fields are encrypted by the IPSec ESP, and thus ESP prevents network control devices from providing preferred treatment for time critical applications. To solve this problem, we propose a QoS‐friendly Encapsulated Security Payload (Q‐ESP) as a new IPSec security protocol that provides QoS supports while enforcing the same security services assured by IPSec ESP and AH used jointly. Basically, Q‐ESP allows network elements to inspect all the needed fields to perform classification adequately. In this paper, we present details about Q‐ESP design, processing and kernel implementation. Moreover, we give analytical as well as experimental evaluation of our protocol to measure its impact on real time VoIP; we also compare it to IPSec ESP and AH according to QoS and security metrics. Finally, we present and discuss some application scenarios in which the use of the Q‐ESP protocol has many advantages. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tuning Temperature and Size of Hot Spots and Hot‐Spot Arrays
Authors: Saïdi Elika , Babinet Nicolas , Lalouat Loïc , Lesueur Jérôme , Aigouy Lionel , Volz Sébastian , Labéguerie‐Egéa Jessica , Mortier Michel 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBy using scanning thermal microscopy, it is shown that nanoscale constrictions in metallic microwires deposited on an oxidized silicon substrate can be tuned in terms of temperature and confinement size. High‐resolution temperature maps indeed show that submicrometer hot spots and hot‐spot arrays are obtained when the SiO2 layer thickness decreases below 100 nm. When the SiO2 thickness becomes larger, heat is less confined in the vicinity of the constrictions and laterally spreads all along the microwire. These results are in good agreement with numerical simulations, which provide dependences between silica‐layer thickness and nanodot shape and temperature.
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in patients with Roux‐en‐Y anatomy
Authors: Lopes Tercio L. , Baron Todd H. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIntroductionRoux‐en‐Y gastric bypass is increasingly performed in the United States. In addition, liver transplantation and other complex hepatobiliary surgeries are increasingly performed with creation of a Roux‐en‐Y hepaticojejunostomy. Consequently, endoscopists more frequently need to carry out endoscopic procedures in patients with Roux‐en‐Y anatomy.Materials and methodsThe present article discusses the techniques and instruments available to therapeutic endoscopists who are faced with the challenge of performing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in patients with long‐ or short‐limb Roux‐en‐Y anatomy.ConclusionEndoscopists can successfully perform ERCP in patients with Roux‐en‐Y anatomy by making use of appropriate techniques and instruments.
Free acid gel form of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) improves HMB clearance from plasma in human subjects compared with the calcium HMB salt
Authors: Fuller John C. , Sharp Rick L. , Angus Hector F. , Baier Shawn M. , Rathmacher John A. 
Published: December 2010

The leucine metabolite, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB), is a nutritional supplement that increases lean muscle and strength with exercise and in disease states. HMB is presently available as the Ca salt (CaHMB). The present study was designed to examine whether HMB in free acid gel form will improve HMB availability to tissues. Two studies were conducted and in each study four males and four females were given three treatments in a randomised, cross-over design. Treatments were CaHMB (gelatin capsule, 1 g), equivalent HMB free acid gel swallowed (FASW) and free acid gel held sublingual for 15 s then swallowed (FASL). Plasma HMB was measured for 3 h following treatment in study 1 and 24 h with urine collection in study 2. In both the studies, the times to peak plasma HMB were 128 (sem11), 38 (sem4) and 38 (sem1) min (P < 0·0001) for CaHMB, FASW and FASL, respectively. The peak concentrations were 131 (sem6), 249 (sem14) and 239 (sem14) μmol/l (P < 0·0001) for CaHMB, FASW and FASL, respectively. The areas under the curve were almost double for FASW and FASL (P < 0·0001). Daily urinary HMB excretion was not significantly increased resulting in more HMB retained (P < 0·003) with FASW and FASL. Half-lives were 3·17 (sem0·22), 2·50 (sem0·13) and 2·51 (sem0·14) h for CaHMB, FASW and FASL, respectively (P < 0·004). Free acid gel resulted in quicker and greater plasma concentrations (+185 %) and improved clearance (+25 %) of HMB from plasma. In conclusion, HMB free acid gel could improve HMB availability and efficacy to tissues in health and disease.
Dealcoholised beers reduce atherosclerosis and expression of adhesion molecules in apoE-deficient mice
Authors: Martinez Nuria , Urpi-Sarda Mireia , Martinez-Gonzalez Miguel Angel , Andres-Lacueva Cristina , Mitjavila Maria Teresa 
Published: December 2010

Polyphenols exert beneficial effects in atherosclerosis. The crucial step in atherosclerosis is the recruitment of monocytes to the subendothelial space, induced by endothelial adhesion molecules through the activation of factors such as NF-κB. We studied the effect of a dealcoholised lager beer (DLB) and a dealcoholised dark beer (DDB) on atherosclerotic lesions, and the underlying mechanisms. Dealcoholised beers were administered in the diet (42 ml/kg body weight per d) to 4-week-old male apoE knockout (apoE − / − ) mice for 20 weeks. The atherosclerotic lesions in the thoracic aorta were reduced by 44 % (P = 0·003) and 51 % (P < 0·001) in DLB- and DDB-treated mice, respectively. Also, the mRNA expressions of the endothelial adhesion molecules in the total aorta were decreased: P-selectin showed a 17 % (P = 0·004) reduction in DDB-treated mice; vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) was decreased by 20 % (P = 0·012) and 32 % (P = 0·001) in DLB- and DDB-treated mice, respectively; intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) showed a 14 % (P = 0·014) reduction in DLB-treated mice. The protein expressions of these molecules and NF-κB were studied in the aortic root. P-selectin was decreased by 37 % (P = 0·012) in DDB-treated mice; VCAM-1 was reduced by 48 % (P = 0·001) and 54 % (P < 0·001) in DLB- and DDB-treated mice, respectively; ICAM-1 was decreased by 25 % (P = 0·028) and 30 % (P = 0·018) in DLB- and DDB-treated mice, respectively; NF-κB was reduced by 46 % (P = 0·042) in DDB-treated mice. In conclusion, dealcoholised beers protected apoE − / − mice against atherosclerosis, through the modulation of endothelial adhesion molecules, possibly induced by NF-κB.
Occurrence of a short variant of theTol2transposable element in natural populations of the medaka fish
Authors: KOGA AKIHIKO , SASAKI SHIN , NARUSE KIYOSHI , SHIMADA ATSUKO , SAKAIZUMI MITSURU 
Published: December 2010

SummaryTol2is a member of thehAT(hobo/Activator/Tam3) transposable element family, residing as 10–30 copies per diploid genome in the medaka fish. We previously reported that this element is highly homogeneous in structure at both the restriction map level and the nucleotide sequence level. It was, however, possible that there is variation of such a low frequency as not to have been detected in our previous surveys, in which samples from 12 geographical locations were used. In the present study, we first conducted searches of genome sequence databases of medaka, and found a 119-bp-long internal deletion. We then conducted a survey of samples from 58 locations for this deletion by performing PCR preceded by restriction enzyme digestion to increase the sensitivity to this deletion. We found that copies suffering this deletion have spread, or have been generated by multiple origins, in the northern-to-central part of mainland Japan. Thus, although the high homogeneity in structure is a distinct feature ofTol2, variation does exist at low frequencies in natural populations of medaka. The current status ofTol2is expected to provide information with which results of future surveys can be compared for clarification of determinants of population dynamics of this DNA-based element.
SEX DIFFERENCES IN SMILING AND OTHER PHOTOGRAPHED TRAITS: A THEORETICAL ASSESSMENT
Authors: ELLIS LEE , DAS SHYAMAL 
Published: December 2010

SummaryMany studies have shown that females smile more than males do in social situations. The present study extends this research by examining a large sample of high school yearbook photographs. In addition to assessing the degree of smiling, ratings were obtained of the following traits for each photograph: hair length, hair colour, masculine–feminine appearance and physical attractiveness. Results reconfirmed earlier research showing that females smile more than males do while they are being photographed. Other findings were that smiling was positively correlated with hair length, femininity and physical attractiveness for females but not for males. When a multivariate analysis was performed, none of these traits predicted smiling in males, and only femininity was significant in predicting smiling in females. Although social learning theories of smiling can account for some of these findings, a recently proposed neurohormonal theory seems to best explain why femininity is related to smiling in females but not in males.
Psychopathology in young adults born at extremely low birth weight
Authors: Boyle M. H. , Miskovic V. , Van Lieshout R. , Duncan L. , Schmidt L. A. , Hoult L. , Paneth N. , Saigal S. 
Published: December 2010

BackgroundLittle is known about the long-term mental health of extremely low birth weight (ELBW) (<1000 g) survivors. We test whether young adults aged 22 to 26 years born at ELBW differ from normal birth weight (NBW) controls in self-reported levels of psychopathology.MethodParticipants included 142 ELBW survivors (86% response) born between 1977 and 1982 to residents of central-west Ontario, Canada and 133 NBW control subjects (92% response). The Young Adult Self-Report measure was used to create five DSM-IV oriented scales aggregated to form internalizing (depressive problems, anxiety problems, avoidant personality problems) and externalizing (attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder problems and antisocial personality problems) scales.ResultsAfter adjusting for family background characteristics, mean scores for ELBW survivors were 3.02 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.78–5.26] points higher for internalizing problems and no different, i.e. 0.00 (95% CI −1.17 to 1.17), for externalizing problems. There was a sex×group statistical interaction such that being male muted the risk for externalizing problems among those born at ELBW: −2.11 (95% CI −4.21 to −0.01). Stratifying ELBW adults as born small for gestational age (SGA)versusappropriate weight for gestational age (AGA) revealed a significant gradient of risk for levels of internalizing problems that was largest for SGA, i.e. 4.75 (95% CI 1.24–8.26), and next largest for AGA, 2.49 (95% CI 0.11–4.87), compared with NBW controls.ConclusionsDepression, anxiety and avoidant personality problems (internalizing problems) are elevated in young adulthood among ELBW survivors. This effect is relatively small overall but noticeably larger among ELBW survivors born SGA.
Trajectory planning for flexible Cartesian robot manipulator by using artificial neural network: numerical simulation and experimental verification
Authors: Abe Akira 
Published: December 2010

SUMMARYThis paper presents a novel trajectory planning method for a flexible Cartesian robot manipulator in a point-to-point motion. In order to obtain an exact mathematical model, the parameters of the equation of motion are determined from an identification experiment. An artificial neural network is employed to generate the desired base position, and then, a particle swarm optimization technique is used as the learning algorithm, in which the sum of the displacements of the manipulator is chosen as the objective function. We show that the residual vibrations of the manipulator can be suppressed by minimizing the displacement of the manipulator. The effectiveness and validity of the proposed method are demonstrated by comparing the simulation and experimental results.
Embodied Activisms: The Case of the Mu Guiying Brigade
Authors: Manning Kimberley Ens 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn this article I re-think the complex legacies of the Maoist era and their relationship to the contemporary decline in rural women's leadership. By focusing on some of the gendered dimensions of rural development policy, it becomes evident that many “traditional” beliefs about the leadership abilities of rural women were given new life during the Maoist era. Prior to the Cultural Revolution rural women had two dominant paths of “liberation” orjiefangavailable to them: one that involved a liberationthroughthe female body and household, the path ofdangjia, and one that involved a liberationfromthe constraints of the female body and household, the path offanshen. In this article I show how the simultaneous implementation of these two paths of liberation on a unique women-led Mu Guiying Brigade during the Great Leap Forward reproduced the problem of the political unacceptability of rural women.
Income, Work Preferences and Gender Roles among Parents of Infants in Urban China: A Mixed Method Study from Nanjing
Authors: won Kim Sung , Fong Vanessa L. , Yoshikawa Hirokazu , Way Niobe , Chen Xinyin , Deng Huihua , Lu Zuhong 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis article explores the relationship between gender and income inequality within and across households in an urban Chinese sample by looking at survey data from 381 married couples with infants born in a Nanjing hospital between 2006 and 2007 and in-depth interviews with a subsample of 80 of these couples. We explore the relationship between family income and differences between husbands’ and wives’ work preferences. A couple-level quantitative analysis shows that in lower-income families, husbands were more likely than their wives to prefer career advancement and low stress at work, and wives were more likely than their husbands to prefer state jobs. Our analyses of the qualitative subsample show that, even though high-income husbands and wives are more likely to share similar work preferences, the household division of roles within their marriages is still gendered along traditional lines, as it is in the marriages of low-income couples.
Intergenerational Transmission of Family Property and Family Management in Urban China
Authors: Wang Danning 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis article applies Myron Cohen's studies of family division and family management in rural China to an examination of how working class families in urban China cope with the hardships created by industrial transition and housing reform. Senior parents work with their adult children; parental authority retains a critical role. By flexibly shifting powerful domestic roles, senior women, in particular, work with their adult sons in order to transmit the domestic resources necessary to secure the filial services to which they feel entitled. In China's fast-changing economic environment, fuelled by the modernization process, the dynamics of family culture still present effective tools and strategies for individual citizens seeking to protect and advance their own interests.
Unpacking the Relationship between Operational Efficiency and Quality of Care in Ontario Long-Term Care Homes
Authors: Berta Whitney , Laporte Audrey , Kachan Natasha 
Published: December 2010

RÉSUMÉDans cette étude de cas multiples, nous avons retenu les administrateurs des maisons de soins de longue durée (SLD) dans les entretiens semi-structurés afin d’accroître notre compréhension de l’influence exercée par les facteurs organizationnels et extra-organisationnels sur deux aspects clés de la performance organizationnelle : l’efficacité operationnelle et la qualité des soins. Nous avons aussi examiné l’influence de ces facteurs sur la relation entre l’efficacité et la qualité. Grace à un examen de la littérature de soins de santé et de l’organisation de gestion, quatre grands facteurs ont été identifiés a priori comme influents pour un ou deux résultats de rendement et ont été utilisés pour guider notre collecte de données : les caractér-istiques du personnel, les caractéristiques de l’établissement, les influences extra-organisationnelles, et les fonction de bénévoles.Nos résultats suggèrent que, alors que tous les deux, haut rendement et haut qualité des soins, sont réalisables, il y a des aspects de la fonctionnement d’une maison et les réalités associés au secteur des soins de longue durée en Ontario qui peut faire atteindre tous les deux à la fois, simultanément, excessivement difficile.
Echocardiography of the aortopulmonary window, aorto-ventricular tunnels, and aneurysm of the sinuses of Valsalva
Authors: Mahle William T. , Kreeger Joseph , Silverman Norman H. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThere is a collection of rare congenital cardiac defects that can produce significant haemodynamic embarrassment. Owing to their rarity, these lesions may be overlooked or mistaken for other more common congenital cardiac defects. Using careful segmental echocardiographic techniques, such as multiple planes of imaging and inferential Doppler findings, it is possible to identify these lesions and thus plan surgical management. Some of the lesions of importance reviewed include the aortopulmonary window, the aorto-ventricular tunnels, the aorto-atrial tunnels, and aneurysm of the sinuses of Valsalva. Some conditions such as the aortopulmonary window and aneurysm of the sinuses of Valsalva often occur in the setting of other congenital cardiac lesions. At times, the presence of coexisting lesions may mask some of the characteristic features of these defects. With prompt identification, all of these rare conditions are amenable to complete surgical repair. Newer modalities such as three-dimensional echocardiography can further enhance surgical planning.