bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wicking properties of various polyamide nanofibrous structures with an optimized method
Authors: De Schoenmaker Bert , Van der Schueren Lien , De Vrieze Sander , Westbroek Philippe , De Clerck Karen 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn comparison with conventional structures, nanofibrous structures have unique characteristics, such as higher surface‐to‐volume ratios, smaller pores, and higher porosity. Their hydrophilic nature is a key characteristic for many applications. However, because of their high porosity, it is difficult to measure the hydrophilicity of nanofibrous structures with contact‐angle measurements. Therefore, characterization through wicking behavior is more appropriate. The International Organization for Standardization norm on wicking needs some refining to account for the specific nature of highly porous nanofibrous structures. A refined method was used on several structures that differed in the fiber diameter and the polyamide type. The structures with the thickest nanofibers had the highest wicking rates. At equilibrium, the wicking heights of structures of different polyamide types with the same average fiber diameter followed the trend expected from their intrinsic hydrophilicity. In the initial phase, the capillary forces established the wicking behavior. Later in the process, the wicking behavior was determined by the capillary forces and the hydrophilicity. In conclusion, the hydrophilicity of nanofibrous structures can be successfully determined by an optimized wicking procedure, and the fiber diameter is the dominant parameter for the resulting wicking height at equilibrium. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
The illumination intensity and applied bias voltage on dielectric properties of au/polyvinyl alcohol (Co, Zn‐doped)/n‐Si Schottky barrier diodes
Authors: Uslu Habibe , Altındal Şemsettin , Tunç Tuncay , Uslu İbrahim , Mammadov Tofig S. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe Au/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (Co, Zn‐doped)/n‐Si Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) were exposed to various illumination intensities. Illumination effect on the dielectric properties has been investigated by using capacitance–voltage (C–V) and conductance–voltage (G/ω–V) characteristics at 1 MHz and room temperature. The values of dielectric constant (ε′), dielectric loss (ε″), loss tangent (tanδ), electric modulus (M′ and M″), and AC electrical conductivity (σAC) were found strongly intensity dependent on both the illumination levels and applied bias voltage especially in depletion and accumulation regions. Such bias and illumination dependency of these parameters can be explained on the basis of Maxwell–Wagner interfacial polarization and restructuring and reordering of charges at interface states. In addition, the ε′–V plots also show an intersection feature at ∼ 2.8 V and such behavior of the ε′–V plots appears as an abnormality compared with the conventional behavior of an ideal SBD. The obtained results revealed that illumination intensity enhances the conductivity of Au/PVA(Co, Zn‐doped)/n‐Si SBD. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Synthesis, characterization, and application of polyethersulfone bound‐iminodiacetic acid
Authors: Cao Xue L. , Cheng Chong , Yin Ze H. , Bai Peng L. , Wei Qiang , Fang Bao H. , Zhao Chang S. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA new method to introduce iminodiacetic acid (IDA) onto polyethersulfone (PES) matrix through chlorosulfonation was described in this work, and the prepared PES‐IDA was used as adsorbent for the removal of metal ions from aqueous solutions. Chlorosulfonic groups (SO2Cl) were introduced onto PES first, then IDA was grafted onto PES by using the interactions between the chlorosulfonic group and the imino group of IDA. The grafted IDA was characterized by fourier transform infrared measurement, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis spectra. The adsorbed amounts by the PES‐IDA for Cu2+ and Ag+ were 3.44 mg/g and 7.09 mg/g, respectively. The PES‐IDA adsorbent may expand the usage of PES in purification fields and could make some potential contributions to the polymer‐based adsorbents. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
The preparation and characterization of crosslinked polytriazoles with different network grids
Authors: Wang Xiaofei , Wan Liqiang , E Yanpeng , Huang Farong , Du Lei 
Published: October 2010

AbstractCrosslinked structures of a resin had a great influence on its properties. Studying the effect of a crosslinked network on resin properties will benefit to design and prepare a new resin with good performances. A series of alkyne group‐capped oligomers were designed and well characterized. The corresponding crosslinked polytriazoles with different network grids were obtained when multifunctional azide monomer was used as a crosslinking agent. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the crosslinked polytriazoles was measured by Differential Scanning Calorimetry. The results showed networks with a small grid size would exihibit high Tgs. The relationship between Tg and the size of the network grids of the crosslinked polytriazoles was discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
A facile approach to fabricate porous nylon 6 nanofibers using silica nanotemplate
Authors: Shi Quan , Vitchuli Narendiran , Ji Liwen , Nowak Joshua , McCord Marian , Bourham Mohamed , Zhang Xiangwu 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPorous Nylon 6 nanofibers were prepared using silica nanoparticles as the template. Firstly, Nylon 6/silica composite nanofibers were prepared as precursors by electrospinning Nylon 6 solutions containing different contents of silica nanoparticles. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to examine the surface morphology and the inner structure of composite nanofibers; where it was found that silica nanoparticles were distributed both inside and on the surface of nanofibers. Analytical techniques [Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction) were used to study the structure and properties of these composite nanofibers. The glass transition, melting, and crystallization processes of the fibers were affected by the addition of silica nanoparticles. Secondly, porous Nylon 6 nanofibers were obtained by removing silica nanoparticles via hydrofluoric acid treatment. The removal of silica nanoparticles was confirmed using FTIR and TGA tests. SEM and TEM observations revealed the formation of the porous structure in these nanofibers. After the formation of the porous structure, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller specific surface areas of nanofibers were increased as compared to solid Nylon 6 and composite nanofibers. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Phase separation and thermal aging behavior of styrene‐butadiene rubber vulcanizates using liquid polymers as plasticizers studied by differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical spectroscopy
Authors: Nakazono Takeo , Ozaki Anri , Matsumoto Akikazu 
Published: October 2010

AbstractStyrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) vulcanizates were prepared using plasticizers including the four liquid types of styrene–butadiene copolymers (LPSB), polybutadiene (LPB), polyisoprene (LPI), and the hydrogenated polyisoprene (LHPI) as well as the conventional process oil, and their phase‐separated structures and mechanical properties were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical spectroscopy. The phase separation was observed for the SBR vulcanizates when LPI and LHPI were used as the plasticizers, while the LPSB and LPB gave homogeneous structures because of the good miscibility with the SBR. The phase‐separated structure of the SBR vulcanizate prepared using LPI changed to the homogeneous during the thermal aging. We revealed the role of the liquid polymers as the plasticizers in maintaining the physical and mechanical properties of the SBR vulcanizates during the thermal aging process when the plasticizers were miscible to the SBR. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
High‐performance hyperbranched poly(phenylene oxide) modified bismaleimide resin with high thermal stability, low dielectric constant and loss
Authors: Huang Pingzhen , Gu Aijuan , Liang Guozheng , Yuan Li 
Published: October 2010

AbstractHigh‐performance hyperbranched poly(phenylene oxide)‐modified bismaleimide resin with high thermal stability, low dielectric constant, and loss was developed, which is made up of hyperbranched poly(phenylene oxide) (HBPPO), 4,4′‐bismaleimidodiphenylmethane (BDM), and o, o′‐diallylbisphenol A (DBA). The curing reactivity, morphology, and performance of BDM/DBA/HBPPO resin were systemically investigated, and similar investigations for BDM/DBA resin were also carried out for comparison. Results show that BDM/DBA/HBPPO and BDM/DBA resins have similar curing mechanism, but the former can be cured at lower temperature than the later; in addition, cured BDM/DBA/HBPPO resin with suitable HBPPO content has better thermal stability and dielectric properties (lower dielectric constant and loss) than BDM/DBA resin. The difference in macroproperties between BDM/DBA/HBPPO and BDM/DBA resins results from the different chemical structures and morphologies of their crosslinking networks. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Degradation and initiation polymerization mechanism of α‐methylstyrene‐containing macroinitiators
Authors: Jiang Shan , Deng Jianping , Yu Qiang , Yang Wantai 
Published: October 2010

AbstractCopolymers obtained from radical copolymerization of α‐methylstyrene (AMS) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) behave as macroinitiators, when heated in the presence of a second monomer, giving rise to block copolymers. The relevant degradation and initiation polymerization mechanism of the macroinitiators were studied. Thermal depropagation of the macroinitiators generated monomers, identified by 1H‐NMR, photoionization mass spectroscopy and FT‐IR. According to the results of structure analysis by GPC, ESR and NMR spectroscopy, the AMS‐GMA (head‐head) and AMS‐AMS (head‐head) bonds in the macroinitiators are easily scissored providing free radicals when the temperature is above 80°C. The radicals lead to subsequent polymerization of the second monomer, and thereby block copolymers are formed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Three‐dimensional morphometrical analysis of the M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery: Potential clinical and neurosurgical implications
Authors: Żurada Anna , Gielecki Jerzy , Tubbs R. Shane , Loukas Marios , Maksymowicz Wojciech , Cohen‐Gadol Aaron A. , Michalak Maciej , Chlebiej Michał , Żurada‐Zielińska Agnieszka 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWith an increase in the understanding of the formation and treatment of cerebral aneurysms and an improvement in imaging technology, actual standardized measurement values for the cerebral arteries are necessary. Therefore, the aim of this study was to provide a detailed assessment of the three‐dimension (3D) morphology (vessel's curvature and trajectory) and 3D‐morphometry of the M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery using computer tomography angiography (CTA) images. The DICOM files from CTA of 40 male and 75 female individuals with a mean age of 50.1 years were analyzed using an interactive postprocessing 3D volume‐rendering algorithm. Specifically, the M1 segment was evaluated. Calculations included the length, internal diameter, volume, deviation (DI) and tortuosity indices (TI). The M1 segment had a mean internal diameter of 2.23 mm and was greater in men. M1 asymmetry was identified in 23.4% of the individuals and was more common in women. The mean length was 15.62 mm and the left M1 segments were a little longer. The mean volume of the M1 segments was 63.92 mm3, and this was typically greater in men and on the left sides. The mean TI and DI for the M1 segment were 0.91 and 2.17 mm, respectively. Therefore, the M1 segments are only slightly curved or straight in their course. In addition, the longest vascular M1 segments are more deviated (curved) and more tortuous. Such standardized data as presented herein may be useful in the preprocedural evaluation of patients with intracranial vascular pathology of the M1 segment. Clin. Anat. 24:34–46, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ectopic pancreas, intussusception, and a ruptured mesenteric band: An unusual association
Authors: Ganapathi Senthil , Villa Francesco , Perera Ranmith , Wan Andrew 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAlthough ectopic pancreas and intussusception are not unusual conditions, intussusception caused by ectopic pancreas is extremely rare. Its presence along with a ruptured congenital mesenteric vascular band raises the possibility of an anomaly of the vitelline vascular system. We report the case of a 26‐year‐old man presenting with acute abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea. CT scan showed a large amount of free fluid in his abdomen and an ileo‐ileal intussusception. At laparotomy he was found to have hemoperitoneum with a ruptured, actively bleeding congenital band attached to the ileal mesentery, which was ligated, with ileo‐ileal intussusception that was resected. Histopathology showed ectopic pancreatic tissue as the lead point for the intussusception. It was likely to be a ruptured mesodiverticular band and along with other findings suggested a constellation of anomalies of the vitello‐intestinal tract. Clin. Anat. 24:128–132, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structure and functional significance of the transverse vesical fold
Authors: Boaz N.T. , Martin A.H. , Thompson K. , Ferreira C. , Forest‐Nearn L. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe plica vesicalis transversa or transverse vesical fold (TVF) is a peritoneal fold extending from the lateral side of the bladder to the side of the lesser pelvis near the deep inguinal ring. It is an important landmark in laparoscopic surgery of the pelvis but is variably observed in the embalmed cadaver. We investigated the gross anatomy of this structure in the cadaver and confirmed that its medial portion corresponds to the location of the superior vesical artery(ies), thus supporting the idea that the TVF is “mesovesical.” However, no large vessels were observed grossly in the lateral portion of the TVF. The hypothesis that the lateral TVF has a suspensory function was tested histologically by comparison with the suspensory ligament of the duodenum and the phrenicocolic ligament, both of which have smooth muscle contributing to their inferred suspensory function. Microscopic examination of prepared samples from 20 cadavers shows that the TVF evinces no smooth muscle in either its lateral or medial segments. The TVF is demonstrated to be a mesentery‐like reflection of peritoneum raised by branches of the superior vesical artery which provides no demonstrable structural support for the bladder. Implications of these findings include avoidance of sectioning of medial TVF during laparoscopic surgery because of its vascular nature, and inadvisability of utilizing any portion of theTVF for an anchor in reconstruction of the anterior pelvic floor within the paravesical fossae. Clin. Anat. 24:62–69, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anatomical variations of the human sural nerve and its role in clinical and surgical procedures
Authors: Eid Essam M. , Hegazy Ahmed M.S. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe sural nerve is the most commonly nerve used in nerve transplantation, and so the aim of this study was to determine the variations of the sural nerve in the back of the leg, its relations to the calcaneal tendon and lateral malleolus, and determine the patterns of its distribution on the dorsum of the foot. Twenty‐four Egyptian legs and feet were dissected. The results showed that the sural communicating nerve connected with the sural nerve in 87.5%. The predominant site of union between these two nerves was in the lower one‐third of the leg and ankle region (62%). There was only one right leg that the sural nerve passed through the gastrocnemius. The small saphenous vein passed along the medial side of the sural nerve in 100%. The sural nerve crossed the lateral border of the calcaneal tendon in 50%. The distance between the sural nerve and insertion of calcaneal tendon was 16 + 7 mm in 91.7%. There were four types of pattern of innervation of the toes by the sural nerve. The predominant pattern was type I (45.8%), where the lateral side of the little toe was supplied by the sural nerve alone. The second pattern was type IV (29.2%), where the lateral 2 ½ toes were supplied by the sural nerve alone. These findings are important for sural nerve biopsy and grafts, surgical repair of the calcaneal tendon, and regional anesthesia of the foot. Clin. Anat. 24:237–245, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkyne Competition in the Benzannulation Reaction with Chromium Carbene Complexes.
Authors: Wu Chunrui , Berbasov Dmytro O. , Wulff William D. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIt is found that chromium carbene complexes react much faster with terminal alkynes than with internal alkynes which allows highly selective formation of products of type (IV), (VII), and (XII) after oxidation.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium(0) Nanoparticle Catalyzed sp2 C—H Activation: A Convenient Route to Alkyl—Aryl Ketones by Direct Acylation of Aryl Bromides and Iodides with Aldehydes.
Authors: Adak Laksmikanta , Bhadra Sukalyan , Ranu Brindaban C. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractOptimized conditions are developed for in situ generation of Pd(0) nanoparticles.
ChemInform Abstract: Reinvestigating the Synthesis of N‐Arylbenzamidines from Benzonitriles and Anilines in the Presence of AlCl3.
Authors: Koutentis Panayiotis A. , Mirallai Styliana I. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBy modifying the mode of addition and by moderating the reaction temperature, the AlCl3 catalyzed reaction of benzonitriles (I) or (IV) with anilines affords benzamidines with significantly improved yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Carbon—Carbon Bond Formation via Soft Enolization: A Biomimetic Asymmetric Mannich Reaction of Phenylacetate Thioesters.
Authors: Kohler Mark C. , Yost Julianne M. , Garnsey Michelle R. , Coltart Don M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe approach to enolization using the cinchona based amino thiourea catalyst PCU is based on the cooperative action of a carbonyl‐activating hydrogen bonding thiourea moiety and an amine base contained within a single catalytic entity to facilitate intracomplex deprotonation.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of 2‐Alkylthio‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydrobenzothieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐4(3H)‐ones.
Authors: Zeng Xiao‐Hua , Liu Min , Ding Ming‐Wu , He Hong‐Wu 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe title compounds (VI) (15 examples) are obtained starting from easily available materials without using the highly toxic thiophosgene.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Optically Active α‐(Allenyl)‐ and α‐Substituted‐α‐(allenyl)glycines.
Authors: Okada Takuya , Oda Naoko , Suzuki Hiroyuki , Sakaguchi Kazuhiko , Ohfune Yasufumi 
Published: October 2010

AbstractVarious types of title compounds are synthesized through a dianionic Claisen rearrangement as the key step followed by different deprotection modes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 5‐Substituted 7,8‐Benzomorphans by Intramolecular Cyclization of N‐Protected 4,4‐Disubstituted 1,4‐Dihydropyridines.
Authors: Schmaunz Cornelia E. , Pabel Joerg , Wanner Klaus T. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAcid‐mediated cyclization of substrates (I) and (IV) proceeds via N‐acyliminium ions that undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction at the benzyl substituent to afford the target compounds.
Photothermal multispectral image cytometry for quantitative histology of nanoparticles and micrometastasis in intact, stained and selectively burned tissues
Authors: Nedosekin Dmitry A. , Shashkov Evgeny V. , Galanzha Ekaterina I. , Hennings Leah , Zharov Vladimir P. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThere is a rapidly growing interest in the advanced analysis of histological data and the development of appropriate detection technologies in particular for mapping of nanoparticle distributions in tissue in nanomedicine applications. We evaluated photothermal (PT) scanning cytometry for color‐coded imaging, spectral identification, and quantitative detection of individual nanoparticles and abnormal cells in histological samples with and without staining. Using this tool, individual carbon nanotubes, gold nanorods, and melanoma cells with intrinsic melanin markers were identified in unstained (e.g. sentinel lymph nodes) and conventionally‐stained tissues. In addition, we introduced a spectral burning technique for histology through selective laser bleaching areas with nondesired absorption background and nanobubble‐based PT signal amplification. The obtained data demonstrated the promise of PT cytometry in the analysis of low‐absorption samples and mapping of various individual nanoparticles' distribution that would be impossible with existing assays. Comparison of PT cytometry and photoacoustic (PA) cytometry previously developed by us, revealed that these methods supplement each other with a sensitivity advantage (up to 10‐fold) of contactless PT technique in assessment of thin (≤100 μm) histological samples, while PA imaging provides characterization of thicker samples which, however, requires an acoustic contact with transducers. A potential of high‐speed integrated PT–PA cytometry for express histology and immunohistochemistry of both intact and stained heterogeneous tissues with high sensitivity at the zepromolar concentration level is further highlighted. © 2010 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Cytologic diagnosis of recurrent medullary thyroid carcinoma with oncocytic change twenty‐one years post‐thyroidectomy: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Tranchida Paul , Estigarribia Juan , Sethi Seema , Giorgadze Tamar 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA 66‐year‐old woman presented 21 years prior with diarrhea and elevated serum calcitonin levels. The left lobe of the thyroid was aspirated but specimen was unsatisfactory. Nevertheless, based on the radiological and clinical impressions, the patient underwent total thyroidectomy and the histologic examination established the diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). Approximately 5 years later, the patient had a recurrence of the disease and underwent a neck lymph node dissection, which showed metastatic MTC in a lymph node. Sixteen years later, the patient presented with left neck mass detected by ultrasound in the area of thyroid bed. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) of this area was performed and the FNA diagnosis was consistent with oncocytic variant of MTC. This case illustrates a first report of this uncommon variant of MTC diagnosed by FNA cytology of the thyroid bed. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.