bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CHANGES IN TEXTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PANEER IN READY‐TO‐EAT CANNED PANEER CURRY DURING STORAGE
Authors: RAO K. JAYARAJ , PATIL G.R. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT Paneer is an Indian soft cheese obtained by coagulating hot milk using citric acid or vinegar, pressing the hot coagulum and cooling by dipping in chilled water. In this study, paneer curry with a water activity (Aw) of 0.95 and a pH of 5.0 was prepared using ingredients like tomatoes, onions, cream, milk powder, curds and different spices, then canned at an F value of 0.80 (lethality). The product was stored at 15, 30 and 45C, and change in textural characteristics during storage was studied. Cohesiveness and chewiness increased, but hardness decreased. These changes were attributed to continued changes in texture initiated by frying of paneer and canning process. These were also linked to Maillard browning which progressed during storage as measured by hydroxymethylfurfural content. These changes were found to be slower vis‐à‐vis those observed in the product, which was sterilized at conventional F value of 15.0 (control) (Aw = 0.98 and pH 5.2).
COMPARISON OF ALLO–KRAMER, WARNER–BRATZLER AND RAZOR BLADE SHEARS FOR PREDICTING SENSORY TENDERNESS OF BROILER BREAST MEAT
Authors: XIONG R. , CAVITT L.C. , MEULLENET J.‐F. , OWENS C.M. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT Regression models were established to predict sensory tenderness of broiler pectoralis major muscles from instrumental shear values. Birds were processed and the breasts were removed at one of nine postmortem (PM) deboning times: 0.25, 1.25, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 6.0 and 24.0 h. A seven‐member trained panel evaluated the cooked samples for initial hardness, cohesiveness, moisture release, hardness of mass, cohesiveness of mass and number of chews. A 74‐member consumer panel was used to evaluate the samples for acceptance of overall texture and tenderness, appropriateness of juiciness and tenderness, and intensity of tenderness. The samples were analyzed using three instrumental shear tests (Allo–Kramer [AK], Warner–Bratzler [WB] and razor blade [RB]). Shear values and sensory scores were significantly affected by PM deboning time. Shear values correlated well with descriptive sensory attributes (R2 = 0.57 − 0.89) and consumer sensory attributes (R2 = 0.76 − 0.96). Descriptive sensory tenderness (hardness) was predicted better by the RB test, while consumer tenderness was predicted well equivalently by all three shear tests. As the RB test is simple and rapid, it is recommended that it be evaluated by the poultry industry as a quality control method.
Identification of Mold and Dampness‐Associated Respiratory Morbidity in 2 Schools: Comparison of Questionnaire Survey Responses to National Data
Authors: Sahakian Nancy M. , White Sandra K. , Park Ju‐Hyeong , Cox‐Ganser Jean M. , Kreiss Kathleen 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTBackground:  Dampness and mold problems are frequently encountered in schools. Approximately one third of US public schools require extensive repairs or need at least 1 building replaced. This study illustrates how national data can be used to identify building‐related health risks in school employees and students.Methods:  School employees (n = 309) in 2 elementary schools (schools A and B) with dampness and mold problems completed standardized questionnaires. Responses were compared with participant responses from the 3rd National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and were indirectly standardized for gender, age, smoking status, and (for school B) race. Uncontrolled comparisons were made to responses from a study of office workers, as well as between responses from school employees in different sections of the school buildings designated by decade of construction.Results:  Employees from both schools had excess work‐related throat and lower respiratory symptoms, as well as eye, nasal, sinus, and wheezing symptoms. School B employees also had excess physician‐diagnosed asthma and work‐related fatigue, headache, and skin irritation. Employees in sections of the school buildings that were categorized as having greater dampness and mold contamination had more frequent upper and lower respiratory symptoms than employees working in other building sections.Conclusions:  This noncostly type of analysis of indoor air quality complaints can be used to motivate and prioritize building remediation in public schools where funds for building remediation are usually limited.
Cognitive and Temperament Clusters in 3‐ to 5‐Year‐Old Children With Aggressive Behavior
Authors: Sakimura Jean N. , Dang Michelle T. , Ballard Kelley B. , Hansen Robin L. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTBackground:  This study assessed the co‐occurrence of cognitive problems and difficult temperament characteristics in children aged 3 to 5 years exhibiting aggressive behavior.Methods:  Thirty‐one children with high ratings on the Aggressive Behavior subscale of the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist or Teacher Report Form were recruited from a school district–based clinic. Cognitive ability and temperament were assessed with the Differential Ability Scales and the Carey Temperament Scales Behavioral Styles Questionnaire, respectively. Cluster analysis was applied to these variables.Results:  Three prominent groups of children sharing cognitive and temperament characteristics emerged. The first, comprising 41.9% of the sample, demonstrated low adaptability, low persistence, high activity, negative mood, and low rhythmicity, along with borderline‐deficient cognitive scores. The second (38.7%) demonstrated low adaptability, low persistence, high activity, and negative mood, along with average cognitive scores. The third (19.4%) demonstrated essentially midrange temperament characteristics and average cognitive scores. All 3 groups shared temperamental tendencies toward a higher threshold of response. Most children in the sample also had significant sleep disturbances (54.5%), other health problems (63.6%), and/or suspected developmental problems (54.5%).Conclusions:  The widespread presence of sleep, health, cognitive, temperament, and developmental problems in this sample supports the involvement of medical and developmental health experts in teams evaluating young children who present with high levels of aggressive behavior. The diverse nature of cognitive‐temperament profiles in this sample also suggests a need to assess cognitive ability and temperament in young, aggressive children to provide individualized interventions.
Differences in Students’ Smoking‐Related Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors Among Public, Factory, and Private Secondary Schools in Guangzhou, China
Authors: Wen Xiaozhong , Chen Weiqing , Qian Zhengmin , Muscat Joshua E. , Lu Ciyong , Ling Wenhua 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTBackground:  The prevalence of smoking among Chinese adolescents has dramatically increased in recent years. The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in smoking‐related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among Chinese students in 3 types of secondary schools.Methods:  This cross‐sectional study was conducted among 3957 students of seventh, eighth, and ninth grades and 2870 student parents from 3 public, 1 factory, and 2 general‐paid private secondary schools at Guangzhou in 2004. Participants were asked to complete self‐administered questionnaires about sociodemographic characteristics, smoking‐related family and school environments, smoking‐related knowledge and attitudes, and smoking behaviors.Results:  The average scores of students’ smoking‐related knowledge and attitudes (higher score, more against smoking) were highest in the factory school, followed by public schools and private schools. The differences among them were statistically significantly (P < .05). The lifetime smoking prevalence was also significantly different (P < .001) among 3 types of schools: 35.4% in private schools, 17.4% in public schools, and 13.2% in the factory school. The prevalence of students’ weekly smoking was also higher in private schools (6.2%) than in public schools (4.9%) or the factory school (4.0%). Similar disparity was observed in the prevalence of daily smoking (3.9% private, 3.5% public, and 2.7% factory). However, differences in weekly and daily smoking were not statistically significant (P > .05).Conclusions:  Compared with students in public and factory schools, those in general‐paid private schools had poorer smoking‐related knowledge, more supportive attitudes toward smoking, and more popular smoking behaviors. Therefore, more intensive smoking prevention programs should be implemented among them.
MasterMind: Empower Yourself With Mental Health. A Program for Adolescents
Authors: Tacker Katherine A. , Dobie Sharon 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTBackground:  Teachers need classroom‐based programs to develop and support mental health fitness in adolescents because this age group faces significant challenges to their mental health. There is a paucity of such ready‐made programs. This article describes the development and proposed implementation of a low‐cost, effective, adaptable, 6‐week, classroom‐based workshop entitled MasterMind: Empower Yourself With Mental Health. MasterMind provides students with a “toolbox for mental health” by creating a safe environment for discussion of mental health and emotionally charged topics, by increasing student knowledge of mental health issues, and by providing tools to develop and maintain mental health. Instructional materials address topics identified through needs assessments. The program combines instruction and written exercises with “peer‐teaching‐peer” group activities, individual assignments, and open discussion. Specific methods are included to allow students to ask questions anonymously and to build each other’s self‐esteem.Methods:  MasterMind was implemented as a pilot program to a Seattle, WA, middle school class of 30 students and addressed self‐esteem, media literacy, school resources, relationships, emotions, stress and ways to de‐stress, and future goals.Results:  The students’ enthusiasm and participation increased throughout the program, and they gave high satisfaction ratings to the topics covered. Additionally, the host teacher continued selected program activities after MasterMind was completed.Conclusions:  MasterMind educates all students in a class, not just those with identified emotional problems, and can potentially identify children with mental health needs not already evident. The pilot program implementation of MasterMind shows that such programs have potential for providing adolescents with tools to optimize mental health.
MICROBIAL DOLOMITES FROM CARBONATE‐EVAPORITE SEDIMENTS OF THE COASTAL SABKHA OF ABU DHABI AND THEIR EXPLORATION IMPLICATIONS
Authors: Sadooni F. N. , Howari F. , El‐Saiy A. 
Published: September 2010

Detailed petrographic studies of Recent dolomites from the coastal sabkha of Abu Dhabi using SEM and Energy Dispersive X‐ray (EDX) analyses indicate that most of the dolomite started to form in “micro‐niches” (i.e. small isolated pore spaces) within the carbonate sediments. These micro‐niches tend to retain connate waters, becoming anoxic and supporting specific microbial activity which ultimately results in the formation of dolomite. This novel concept may help to explain the origin of many dolomite types, since recently deposited carbonate sediments have high porosities (up to 60%) and the pore spaces may serve as nucleation sites or “stations” for dolomite formation. The combination of neighbouring micro‐niches in a porous carbonate may result in dolomitization of an entire stratum.Six dolomite types were reported from the studied sediments in the Abu Dhabi sabkha. These were pustular and cluster dolomite; dolomites associated with clay minerals and with evaporites; and dolomites associated with microbial mats and foraminiferal tests.
SOURCE ROCK POTENTIAL AND ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY OF CENOMANIAN‐TURONIAN BLACK SHALES, WESTERN TAURUS, SW TURKEY
Authors: Kara‐Gülbay R. , Yurtsever T. S. , Korkmaz S. , Demirel I. H. 
Published: September 2010

The depositional environment and hydrocarbon source rock potential of Cenomanian‐Turonian black shales of the Dereköy and Ballik Formations in SW Turkey were investigated by organic geochemical methods. In detail, 33 samples from three section of the Dereköy Formation, and 15 samples from one section of the Ballik Formation were analysed for elemental (TOC, Rock ‐Eval pyrolysis), C15+‐lipid and biomarker compositions.Based on maximum pyrolysis degradation temperatures of not more than 420°C, all the shale samples are classified as immature, corresponding to a vitrinite reflectance of less than 0.45% Rr and a lignite to sub‐bituminous coal stage. This is confirmed by relatively high isoprenoid to n‐alkane ratios as well as by high biomarker contents. According to this maturity stage, and both total organic carbon contents of 6–41% and hydrogen indices of 255–708 mg HC/g TOC, the Cenomanian‐Turonian black shales exhibit fair to excellent source rock potential with mixed Type II and Type I kerogen.Relatively high isoprenoid to n‐alkane ratios may indicate at least partial (bio‐) degradation/evaporation/waterwashing and selective modification of the lipid composition due to the nature of the outcrop. However, very similar unimodal n‐alkane distributions in the gas chromatograms of four selected shale samples, with a predominance in the C16 to C17 region, clearly point to a significant contribution of algal and/or bacterial type organic matter with low terrigenous organic input.C27, C28 and C29 steranes in shales from both formations have similar distributions (C29>C27>C28). High C31 R homohopane / C30 hopane ratios indicate a marine depositional environment. This is confirmed by the presence of gammacerane in all the black shales investigated which in general indicates salinity. Pregnanes in one sample (BA‐6) may point to hypersaline conditions.
SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY AND RESERVOIR CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TURONIAN‐CONIACIAN KHASIB FORMATION IN CENTRAL IRAQ
Authors: Al‐Qayim B. 
Published: September 2010

Bioturbated chalky limestones of the Khasib Formation (Upper Turonian – Lower Coniacian) form potential reservoir rocks at oilfields and structures in central Iraq. Core and cuttings samples and wire‐line logs from wells in the East Baghdad, Balad, Samarra and Tikrit fields (wells EB‐77, EB‐57, Ba‐1, Ba‐2, Sr‐1, Sr‐2, and Ti‐1) were used to investigate microfacies types and porosity evolution. Facies modelling was applied to predict the relationship between facies distribution and reservoir characteristics to construct a predictive geologic model which will assist future exploration in central Iraq.Microfacies analysis and electrofacies identification and correlations indicate that the limestones of the Khasib Formation were deposited in a ramp setting. The ramp developed over the distal margin of the Upper Cretaceous proforeland basin, adjacent to the evolved forebulge. Inner ramp facies are characterized by carbonate bank bioclastic packstones intercalated with lagoonal green shales. Middle ramp facies dominate the Khasib Formation and consist of bioturbated, chalky, dolomitic and bioclastic limestones. Bioclasts include benthic and planktonic foraminifera. Intense Thalassinoides and less common Palaeophycus bioturbation has enhanced the porosity of this facies. Outer ramp deposits consist of alternating mid‐ramp bioturbated bioclastic chalky limestones and argillaceous and marly limestones. The latter contain basinal bioclasts including planktonic foraminifera, oligosteginids, dwarf rotaliids, and sponge spicules.Sequence stratigraphic analyses of the Khasib Formation indicate that it represents a third‐order depositional cycle. At the base is a type 1 sequence boundary which separates it from the underlying LST deposits of the Kifl Formation. Shaly and argillaceous limestones in the lower part of the Khasib Formation represent the early TST. These are overlain by a thick, deepening‐upwards succession of outer ramp facies. The maximum flooding surface is represented by a thin and extensive horizon of Oligosteginal limestones with Palaeophycus bioturbation. HST deposits are represented by aggradational build‐ups of bioturbated chalky dolomitic limestones, followed by progradational late HST shales and limestones. The boundary with the overlying Tanuma Formation is a type 2 sequence boundary. Bioclastic packstones and intensively bioturbated (Thalassinoides) bioclastic limestones of the mid‐outer ramp are the primary source of fabric‐selective porosity which is greatly enhanced by diagenetic overprints. These two units constitute the prime target for future exploration in central Iraq.
Loss of parents in childhood – associations with depression, loneliness, and attitudes towards life in older Finnish people
Authors: Savikko Niina , Routasalo Pirkko , Tilvis Reijo S. , Strandberg Timo E. , Pitkälä Kaisu H. 
Published: September 2010

Aim.  This study examines the prevalence of parental loss in childhood of older generations in Finland and how it is associated with demographic variables, depression, feelings of loneliness and attitudes towards life in old age.Background.  A parental loss is a significant trauma in a child's life. It has long‐term consequences in late adulthood, such as depression in middle age. Loss of parent/parents has not been under concern in the nursing literature. Little is known about the prevalence of parental loss and its consequences in old age such as depression, inner feelings of loneliness and life attitudes.Methods.  The data were collected with a postal questionnaire from a random sample of 3728 older people (≥75 years) in Finland who responded to a question concerning loss of a parent when respondent was age ≤17 years.Results.  Of those responding to the question concerning parental loss, 31.2% had lost their mother and/or father in the childhood (at age ≤17 years). Loss of parents was associated with lower level of education, physically heavy lifetime work, and not being married. There was no statistically significant relation between the loss of parent/parents in the childhood and self‐reported depression or loneliness in the old age. In addition, loss of parent/parents was not associated with any attitudes towards life, such as life satisfaction, plans for the future, zest for life or happiness.Conclusions.  Surprisingly many people from older generations had lost their parent/parents in their childhood, but it is not associated with depression, feelings of loneliness or other attitudes towards life. Several explanations for this are discussed.Relevance to clinical practice.  Loss of parents does not necessarily lead to older people's psychological frailty. Nurses should be cautious when making interpretations about older people's early life history. Among older people early losses may be a source of successful coping skills rather than a risk factor for depression, loneliness and pessimistic life attitudes.
SPECTRAL SENSITIVITY IN TWO SPECIES OF PINNIPEDS (PHOCA VITULINA AND OTARIA FLAVESCENS)
Authors: Griebel Ulrike , KÖnig Gertrude , Schmid Axel 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSpectral sensitivity was measured in air in the light adapted state in two harbor seals and a South American sea lion using a behavioral training technique. Increment thresholds were determined in a spectral range from 390 nm to 670 nm in a simultaneous two‐choice discrimination task. The spectral sensitivity curves show two maxima in sensitivity, one main peak with a maximum around 500 nm in the harbor seal and around 550 nm in the South American sea lion, and a second, smaller peak with a maximum in the range of 410 nm in both species. The broad shape and the position of the maximum of the spectral sensitivity curve of the harbor seals suggests that even under photopic conditions both rods and cones are contributing to the measurements since harbor seals possess only one cone type. The maximum sensitivity in the green part of the spectrum may indicate an adaptation to a specific underwater environment.
Religion at Ugarit
Authors: Rahmouni Aicha 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe purpose of ‘Religion at Ugarit’ is to present an overview of the Canaanite religion of the Ugaritic metropolis in accordance with its textual sources and archaeological data. Special attention will be paid in this article to the state of the official Ugaritic religion as reflected by the status of the different gods in the Ugaritic pantheon and their theological universe, and to the recent discussion concerning religion in daily life as expressed in the epic and ritual genres.
Preservation of Chicken Breast Meat Treated with Thyme and Balm Essential Oils
Authors: Fratianni Florinda , De Martino Laura , Melone Antonio , De Feo Vincenzo , Coppola Raffaele , Nazzaro Filomena 
Published: September 2010

Abstract:  The present study evaluated the effects of thyme and balm essential oils on the 3‐wk storage of fresh chicken breast meat at 4 °C. Thyme and, to a lesser extent, balm essential oils reduced DPPH (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl) radical formation in the meat (25% to 30% and 20%, respectively). Treatment with the 2 essential oils also limited lipid peroxidation and the deterioration of sarcoplasmic proteins, helping to preserve the meat even after 2 wk of storage. Thyme and balm essential oils decreased the natural microflora present in the meat; total microbial content decreased down to 50% in comparison to the control samples. In addition, a clear effect on lactic acid bacterial growth was recorded. Balm essential oil significantly limited the growth of Salmonella sp., whereas thyme essential oil effectively inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli. Our data demonstrate that these 2 essential oils effectively reduced deteriorative processes in chicken meat and extended the shelf life of this fresh product.Practical Application:  The essential oils of thyme and balm can protect the chicken meat from decomposition during the storage time.
Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Italian Bella di Cerignola Table Olives: Selection of Potential Multifunctional Starter Cultures
Authors: Bevilacqua Antonio , Altieri Clelia , Corbo Maria Rosaria , Sinigaglia Milena , Ouoba Labia Irène Ivette 
Published: September 2010

Abstract:  Lactic acid bacteria (19 isolates) from Bella di Cerignola Italian table olives were investigated for their technological and probiotic properties for the selection of multifunctional starter cultures for table olives. The bacteria were first identified by phenotyping and genotyping, then characterized for the production of biogenic amines, growth at different pH, NaCl concentrations, and temperatures. The potentiality of the bacteria to have some probiotic properties (antimicrobial activity against foodborne pathogens, survival in low pH and in the presence of bile salts, ability to adhere to the mammalian cells model IPEC‐J2) was also investigated. Eighteen of the studied isolates were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum and one as Enterococcus faecalis. All bacteria were able to grow at a range of pH between 4.0 and 10.0 as well as in media supplemented with 2.5 to 7.5% of NaCl and 0.3% bile salts and survived in MRS broth acidified at pH 2.5; moreover, they inhibited significantly Escherichia coli O157:H7. The adhesion to IPEC‐J2 cells was in general low to moderate (5.3 to 8.3%); however, 2 isolates of L. plantarum (c16 and c19) showed interesting higher adhesion values (up to 16%). Our results suggest that at least 3 isolates could be possible multifunctional starters for Bella di Cerignola olives: L. plantarum 16 and 19 for mainly their probiotic properties and L. plantarum 10 for mainly its technological characteristics.Practical Application:  A functional starter is a microorganism exerting benefits on human health (probiotic) and able to guide a fermentation (starter). The main goal of this article was to select a functional starter for table olives.