bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sedimentology, ichnology and hydrodynamics of strait‐margin, sand and gravel beaches and shorefaces: Juan de Fuca Strait, British Columbia, Canada
Authors: FREY SHANNON E. , DASHTGARD SHAHIN E. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractOn the south‐west coast of Vancouver Island, Canada, sedimentological and ichnological analysis of three beach–shoreface complexes developed along a strait margin was undertaken to quantify process–response relations in straits and to develop a model for strait‐margin beaches. For all three beaches, evidence of tidal processes are expressed best in the lower shoreface and offshore and, to a lesser extent, in the middle shoreface. Tidal currents are dominant offshore, below 18 m water depth (relative to the mean spring high tide), whereas wave processes dominate sediment deposition in the nearshore (intertidal zone to 5 m water depth). From 18 to 5 m water depth, tidal processes decrease in importance relative to wave processes. The relatively high tidal energy in the offshore and lower shoreface is manifest sedimentologically by the dominance of sand, of a similar grain size to the upper shoreface/intertidal zone and, by the prevalence of current‐generated structures (current ripples) oriented parallel to the shoreline. In addition, the offshore and lower shoreface of strait‐bound beach–shoreface complexes are recognized ichnologically by traces typical of the Skolithos Ichnofacies. This situation contrasts to the dominantly horizontal feeding traces characteristic of the Cruziana Ichnofacies that are prevalent in the lower shoreface and offshore of open‐coast (wave‐dominated) beach–shorefaces. These sedimentological and ichnological characteristics reflect tidal influence on sediment deposition; consequently, the term ‘tide‐influenced shoreface’ most accurately describes these depositional environments.
Syngenta ‘RISQ’ test: a novel in‐season method for detecting resistance to post‐emergence ACCase and ALS inhibitor herbicides in grass weeds
Authors: KAUNDUN S S , HUTCHINGS S‐J , DALE R P , BAILLY G C , GLANFIELD P 
Published: January 2011

Kaundun SS, Hutchings S‐J, Dale RP, Bailly GC & Glanfield P (2011). Syngenta ‘RISQ’ test: a novel in‐season method for detecting resistance to post‐emergence ACCase and ALS inhibitor herbicides in grass weeds. Weed Research51, 284–293.SummaryThis paper describes a novel method for detecting resistance to post‐emergence acetolactate synthase and acetyl CoA carboxylase herbicides in grass weeds. The method relies on seedlings being collected from farmer’s fields and sent for testing to a central laboratory. These seedlings are plated onto agar containing discriminating rates of herbicides and survivorship is recorded after 10 days and compared with standard sensitive and resistant populations. The test has been validated in the glasshouse, growth cabinet and phytotron on Lolium spp. seedlings at the 1–3 leaf stage and has resulted in very low levels of false positives and negatives of resistance. Based on several pre‐determined target site and non‐target site resistant Lolium spp. populations and three commonly used herbicides, clodinafop‐propargyl, pinoxaden and iodosulfuron + mesosulfuron, we demonstrate that the results from the agar‐based seedling assay correlate very well with classical whole‐plant pot tests. The method has been successfully applied to Lolium spp. seedlings collected from two UK fields in 2009 and proved transferable to other grass weeds. As it is applied very early in the season, it provides an opportunity for predicting herbicide efficacy prior to field application and thus allows for an informed choice of herbicide for effective weed control. To distinguish this cost effective, simple and early season bioassay from the many existing ones, we propose to refer to it as the Syngenta ‘Resistance In‐Season Quick’ test.
Childhood acute urticaria in northern and southern Europe shows a similar epidemiological pattern and significant meteorological influences
Authors: Konstantinou George N. , Papadopoulos Nikolaos G. , Tavladaki Theonimfi , Tsekoura Theofani , Tsilimigaki Amalia , Grattan Clive E. H. 
Published: January 2011

To cite this article: Konstantinou GN, Papadopoulos NG, Tavladaki T, Tsekoura T, Tsilimigaki A, Grattan CEH. Childhood acute urticaria in northern and southern Europe shows a similar epidemiological pattern and significant meteorological influences. Pediatric Allergy Immunology 2011: 22: 36–42.AbstractAcute urticaria (AU) is a common condition that often presents in childhood. Although there is a general perception of cyclic annual trends in AU, no one has tried to identify any seasonal variation on its prevalence and incidence, associate environmental influences and impute geographic, ethnical, or even genetic features that may contribute to its onset. We aimed to analyze the influence of climate and geographic parameters on annual fluctuation of AU cases referred to the Emergency Departments (EDs) of Norwich (UK) and Heraklion (Crete, Greece), compare all identifiable potential triggers and severity, and calculate the prevalence and incidence of AU. Record‐based data of all children up to 14 yr of age referred to both EDs between June 2005 and May 2007 were examined retrospectively. Demographic characteristics and any potential identifiable triggers of AU were recorded and compared. Poisson’s regression was utilized to examine any influence of meteorological parameters on AU incidence. Edwards’ test for seasonality was applied to identify any significant seasonal trend of the AU incidence within each city. Seven hundred and twenty‐nine AU cases were identified (324 in Norwich and 405 in Heraklio), among 56,624 total referrals (28,931 and 27,693 cases, respectively). Respiratory infections were found to be the most commonly associated potential triggers of AU and food allergens the least. AU cases and incidence rates in both cities were equally distributed during the study period. A non‐significant seasonal trend in AU incidence (October, April–May) was observed in Norwich, in contrast to a significant seasonal pattern (December, February–May) of AU in Heraklio. Temperature was inversely associated with AU incidence, while the statistically significant effect of relative humidity varied. Acute childhood urticaria shows a similar epidemiological pattern in northern and southern Europe regardless of the expected differences in genetic, geographic, and environmental background. Temperature and humidity are correlated with AU incidence. Seasonality of several acute respiratory viral infections, the most prominent associated trigger of AU, coincides with the observed AU seasonality, suggesting a potential linkage. However, this needs to be elucidated from larger epidemiological studies.
Chronic spontaneous urticaria in children: Itching for insight
Authors: Church Martin K. , Weller Karsten , Stock Philippe , Maurer Marcus 
Published: January 2011

To cite this article: Church MK, Weller K, Stock P, Maurer M. Chronic spontaneous urticaria in children: Itching for insight. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2011: 22: 1–8.AbstractWhile there is increasing information about the pathogenesis and treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria (csU) in adults, there is little published information about csU in children. Consequently, most of the recommendations contained in current guidelines for the prevention and treatment of csU in infants and children is based on extrapolation of data obtained in adults. To rectify this, this review points out critical gaps in our knowledge and suggests strategies which may help us to improve our understanding of this condition. How common is csU in children? What do we know about its clinical presentation and the presence of useful biomarkers? What are its common underlying causes? What is the course of csU in children? How does csU affect the everyday life of children? What treatment options are available for children? To answer these questions, two separate types of information are required. The first is information about the prevalence of the condition in the community at large and how csU affects the everyday life of both the child‐patient and the parent or carer. Because most csU cases in infants and children do not come to specialists but are treated by general practitioners or by parents using over‐the‐counter medications, these questions may be answered only by general population surveys or schools programmes. The second is clinical information including family history and disease presentation, the presence of biomarkers and comorbidities, objective measures of severity, frequency and duration of exacerbations, the response to therapy and the time to remission. Targeted questionnaires need to be developed and validated for these investigations. This has already begun in Germany with the establishment of the CU‐KID Netzwerk (Email address: cu-kid@charite.de), the aim of which is to identify clinical centres and colleagues who treat children with urticaria and to initiate the information gathering described above.
Formaldehyde induces neurotoxicity to PC12 cells involving inhibition of paraoxonase‐1 expression and activity
Authors: Tang Xiao‐Qing , Ren Yan‐Kai , Chen Rong‐Qian , Zhuang Yuan‐Yuan , Fang Heng‐Rong , Xu Jin‐Hua , Wang Chun‐Yan , Hu Bi 
Published: January 2011

Summary1. Formaldehyde (FA) has been found to cause toxicity to neurons. However, its neurotoxic mechanisms have not yet been clarified. Increasing evidence has shown that oxidative damage is one of the most critical effects of formaldehyde exposure. Paraoxonase‐1 (PON‐1) is a pivotal endogenous anti‐oxidant. Thus, we hypothesized that FA‐mediated downregulation of PON1 is associated with its neurotoxicity.2. In the present work, we used PC12 cells to study the neurotoxicity of FA and explore whether PON‐1 is implicated in FA‐induced neurotoxicity.3. We found that FA has potent cytotoxic and apoptotic effects on PC12 cells. FA induces an accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species along with downregulation of Bcl‐2 expression, as well as increased cytochrome c release. FA significantly suppressed the expression and activity of PON‐1 in PC12 cells. Furthermore, H2S, an endogenous anti‐oxidant gas, antagonizes FA‐induced cytotoxicity as well as 2‐hydroxyquinoline, a specific inhibitor of PON‐1, which also induces cytotoxicity to PC12 cells.4. The results of the present study provide, for the first time, evidence that the inhibitory effect on PON‐1 expression and activity is involved in the neurotoxicity of FA, and suggest a promising role of PON‐1 as a novel therapeutic strategy for FA‐mediated toxicity.
Renal (pro)renin receptor contributes to development of diabetic kidney disease through transforming growth factor‐β1 – connective tissue growth factor signalling cascade
Authors: Huang Jiqian , Matavelli Luis C , Siragy Helmy M 
Published: January 2011

Summary1. Transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) are expressed in renal glomeruli, and contribute to the development of diabetic nephropathy. Recently, we showed that (pro)renin receptor (PRR) is upregulated in the kidneys of the streptozocin (STZ)‐induced diabetes rat model. We hypothesized that in the presence of hyperglycaemia, increased renal PRR expression contributes to enhanced TGF‐β1–CTGF signalling activity, leading to the development of diabetic kidney disease.2. In vivo and in vitro studies were carried out in Sprague–Dawley rats and rat mesangial cells (RMC). PRR blockade was achieved in vivo by treating STZ induced diabetes rats with the handle region peptide (HRP) of prorenin and in vitro by HRP or PRR siRNA in RMC. Angiotensin AT1 receptor blockade was achieved by valsartan treatment.3. Results showed that expression of PRR, TGF‐β1 and CTGF were upregulated in diabetic kidneys and RMC exposed to high glucose. Glucose exposure also induced PRR phosphorylation, a process that was inhibited by HRP, valsartan or PRR siRNA. HRP and valsartan significantly attenuated renal TGF‐β1 and CTGF expression in diabetic animals and high glucose treated RMC. Similar results were observed in high glucose exposed RMC in response to PRR siRNA. TGF‐β receptor blockade decreased CTGF expression in RMC. Combined administration of valsartan and PRR siRNA showed further reduction of TGF‐β1 and CTGF expression in RMC.4. In conclusion, PRR contributes to kidney disease in diabetes through an enhanced TGF‐β1–CTGF signalling cascade.
From GERD to Barrett's esophagus: Is the pattern in Asia mirroring that in the West?
Authors: Ho Khek Yu 
Published: January 2011

AbstractGastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a known predisposing factor for Barrett's esophagus. Amongst individuals with symptomatic GERD, the prevalence of Barrett esophagus is estimated to be more than 10%, and an individual with Barrett's esophagus is more likely than the general population to develop esophageal adenocarcinoma. In Western Europe and North America, incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma had been on the upward trend for many decades. In comparison, although the prevalence of GERD and reflux esophagitis has increased several fold in some parts of Asia, the prevalence of esophageal adenocarcinoma and Barrett's esophagus remains generally low in the region. Rising incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma has been observed in regions witnessing increasing prevalence of GERD. If the recent increase in prevalence of GERD in parts of urbanized Asia is any indication of the beginning of an upsurge in the incidence of Barrett's esophagus and associated adenocarcinoma, would we be witnessing a pattern of epidemiological shift mirroring that in the West? Given that more than 90% of Barrett's esophagus in Asian patients is of the short‐segment type, which is reported to have lesser propensity to develop to adenocarcinoma, could the ongoing epidemiologic transition take Asia on the same trail as that which the West has taken? This article will draw on relevant findings from various parts of Asia and take an in‐depth look at prevailing disease trends to see where Asia stands now in the changing epidemiology of GERD, Barrett's esophagus and associated adenocarcinoma.
Regional ventilation distribution determined by electrical impedance tomography: Reproducibility and effects of posture and chest plane
Authors: REIFFERSCHEID FLORIAN , ELKE GUNNAR , PULLETZ SVEN , GAWELCZYK BARBARA , LAUTENSCHLÄGER INGMAR , STEINFATH MARKUS , WEILER NORBERT , FRERICHS INÉZ 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTBackground and objective:  Reliable assessment of regional lung ventilation and good reproducibility of electrical impedance tomography (EIT) data are the prerequisites for the future application of EIT in a clinical setting. The aims of our study were to determine (i) the reproducibility of repeated EIT measurements and (ii) the effect of the studied transverse chest plane on ventilation distribution in different postures.Methods:  Ten healthy adult subjects were studied in three postures on two separate days. EIT and spirometric data were obtained during tidal breathing and slow vital capacity (VC) manoeuvres. EIT data were acquired in two chest planes at 13 scans/s. Reproducibility of EIT findings was assessed by Bland‐Altman analysis and Pearson correlation in 16 regions of interest in each plane. Regional ventilation distribution during tidal breathing and deep expiration was determined as fractional ventilation in four quadrants of the studied chest cross‐sections.Results:  Our study showed a good reproducibility of EIT measurements repeated after an average time interval of 8 days. Global tidal volumes and VCs determined by spirometry on separate days were not significantly different. Regional ventilation in chest quadrants assessed by EIT was also unaffected. Posture exerted a significant effect on ventilation distribution among the chest quadrants during spontaneous breathing and deep expiration in both planes. The spatial distribution patterns in the two planes were not identical.Conclusions:  We conclude that regional EIT ventilation findings are reproducible and recommend that the EIT examination location on the chest is carefully chosen especially during repeated measurements and follow‐up.
Combination of endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration with standard bronchoscopic techniques for the diagnosis of stage I and stage II pulmonary sarcoidosis
Authors: NAVANI NEAL , BOOTH HELEN L. , KOCJAN GABRIJELA , FALZON MARY , CAPITANIO ARRIGO , BROWN JAMES M. , PORTER JOANNA C. , JANES SAM M. 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTBackground and objective:  Standard bronchoscopic techniques (transbronchial lung biopsy and endobronchial biopsy) provide a diagnosis in 70% of patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis. Previous data suggest that endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS‐TBNA) has a high sensitivity in patients with sarcoidosis. The feasibility and utility of combining EBUS‐TBNA with standard bronchoscopic techniques is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of combined EBUS‐TBNA and standard bronchoscopic techniques in patients with suspected sarcoidosis and enlarged mediastinal or hilar lymphadenopathy.Methods:  Forty consecutive patients with suspected pulmonary sarcoidosis and enlarged mediastinal or hilar lymph nodes (radiographical stage I and stage II) underwent EBUS‐TBNA followed by transbronchial biopsies and endobronchial biopsies under conscious sedation.Results:  Thirty‐nine out of 40 patients successfully underwent combined EBUS‐TBNA and standard bronchoscopy. Twenty‐seven patients were diagnosed with sarcoidosis, eight had tuberculosis, two had reactive lymphadenopathy, two had lymphoma and one had metastatic adenocarcinoma. In patients with sarcoidosis, the sensitivity of EBUS‐TBNA for detection of non‐caseating granulomas was 85%, compared with a sensitivity of 35% for standard bronchoscopic techniques (P < 0.001). The diagnostic yield of combined EBUS‐TBNA and bronchoscopy was 93% (P < 0.0001).Conclusions:  Combination of EBUS‐TBNA with standard bronchoscopic techniques is safe and feasible, and optimizes the diagnostic yield in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis and enlarged intrathoracic lymphadenopathy.
Ablation of supraventricular tachycardia allows more liberal therapy in some children with attention‐deficit–hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Shetty Ira , Silver Eric S. , Hordof Allan J. , Goldberg Pablo H. , Liberman Leonardo 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackground:  First‐line therapy for children with attention‐deficit–hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is stimulant medication, which may have potential cardiovascular side‐effects. In patients with supraventricular tachycardia or Wolf‐Parkinson‐White syndrome (WPW), therapy for ADHD could become challenging. The purpose of the present study was to review the authors' experience of performing electrophysiologic study (EPS) with or without ablation to determine how it affected ADHD therapy.Methods:  Retrospective chart review of patients who underwent EPS between 2002 and 2009 was carried out. All patients under 21 years of age who had prior diagnosis of ADHD were included.Results:  Twenty patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 12.1 ± 2.7 years (range: 5.6–16.8 years). The patients were diagnosed with ADHD on average 3.9 ± 2.7 years (range: 6 months–9 years) prior to the EPS. All patients had a structurally normal heart. Sixteen patients had cardiac symptoms. Seventeen patients underwent ablation of the arrhythmia substrate (16/17, 94% successful). Three patients with asymptomatic WPW were at low risk for life‐threatening arrhythmias and did not have ablation. After the EPS, two patients had increased doses of their ADHD medications, and two patients whose health‐care providers stopped the stimulant medication prior to EPS because of recurrent tachycardia were restarted on medications. All other patients on ADHD medications continued therapy.Conclusions:  EPS for risk stratification and ablation of arrhythmia substrate is safe and effective, allowing more liberal therapy in patients with ADHD and supraventricular tachycardia or WPW.
Seizure‐modifying potential of histamine H1 antagonists: A clinical observation
Authors: Miyata Ippei , Saegusa Hirokazu , Sakurai Michiro 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackground:  The widely used histamine H1 antagonists have a potential to induce seizures, although clinical evaluation is scarce except for a few case reports.Methods:  The medical records of all pediatric consultations at Enshu General Hospital due to seizures during two successive winter seasons were collected. Cases involving known convulsive background were excluded. Seizures were categorized into two types: generalized seizures ceasing within 5 min (“typical”); and others (“atypical”). Eligible subjects were classified based on type of seizure and whether they were receiving histamine H1 antagonists or not; the association between these classifications was examined using Fisher's exact test.Results:  There were 66 eligible consultations among 95 consultations due to seizures. A significantly increased incidence of atypical seizures among patients receiving histamine H1 antagonists was found (P= 0.041; 95% confidence interval: 1.028–16.40; Fisher's exact test).Conclusion:  Clinical doses of histamine H1 antagonists have the potential to adversely modify seizures in children.
DNA‐, rRNA‐ and mRNA‐based stable isotope probing of aerobic methanotrophs in lake sediment
Authors: Dumont Marc G. , Pommerenke Bianca , Casper Peter , Conrad Ralf 
Published: January 2011

SummaryA stable isotope probing (SIP) approach was used to study aerobic methane‐oxidizing bacteria (methanotrophs) in lake sediment. Oligotrophic Lake Stechlin was chosen because it has a permanently oxic sediment surface. 16S rRNA and the pmoA gene, which encodes a subunit of the methane monooxygenase enzyme, were analysed following the incubation of sediment with 13CH4 and the separation of 13C‐labelled DNA and RNA from unlabelled nucleic acids. The incubation with 13CH4 was performed over a 4‐day time‐course and the pmoA genes and transcripts became progressively labelled such that approximately 70% of the pmoA genes and 80% of the transcripts were labelled at 96 h. The labelling of pmoA mRNA was quicker than pmoA genes, demonstrating that mRNA‐SIP is more sensitive than DNA‐SIP; however, the general rate of pmoA transcript labelling was comparable to that of the pmoA genes, indicating that the incorporation of 13C into ribonucleic acids of methanotrophs was a gradual process. Labelling of Betaproteobacteria was clearly seen in analyses of 16S rRNA by DNA‐SIP and not by RNA‐SIP, suggesting that cross‐feeding of the 13C was primarily detected by DNA‐SIP. In general, we show that the combination of SIP approaches provided valuable information about the activity and growth of the methanotrophic populations and the cross‐feeding of methanotroph metabolites by other microorganisms.