bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A survey of women and health providers about information regarding the timing of driving a car after experiencing a caesarean section
Authors: Sedgley Jocelyn , Rickard Kristen , Morris Jonathan 
Published: April 2012

BackgroundIn NSW, around 30% of women experience a caesarean section. Anecdotally, few receive consistent information regarding driving after a caesarean delivery.AimsThe aims were to determine the information provided to women following caesarean section and by whom it was given, and compare this with women's actual driving behaviour.MethodPrior to hospital discharge, 101 consenting women completed a survey of five questions documenting the information they received about when to commence driving. They were telephoned 6–8 weeks postpartum and asked when they drove and whether they experienced any problems. Following this, a staff survey was conducted to establish what information was given to women. Insurance companies and government departments were contacted for relevant polices about when women can drive postcaesarean.Results100 women completed both surveys (99% of recruits); 65% were advised to wait for 6 weeks or longer before driving. However, 72% of women reported they had driven by 6 weeks, and 35% by 3 weeks. In our sample, women reported minimal discomfort and rarely discontinued driving. Returned staff surveys (n = 138) revealed inconsistent advice ranging from no advice to 8 weeks of driving abstinence. Other recommendations included following insurance company guidelines (of which there were none specific to postcaesarean) (34%), ‘listen to your body and be able to perform an emergency stop’ (27%).ConclusionWomen receive conflicting advice, and current recommendations are not reflected in women's behaviour. Women are driving earlier than advised with minimal reported complications.
The New Label for Erythropoiesis Stimulating Agents: The FDA’S Sentence
Authors: Fishbane Steven , Jhaveri Kenar D. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractOn June 24, 2011, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) revised the prescribing instructions (the label) for erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents. The new label, the second revision since publication of the TREAT Study, placed new restrictions on the use of these agents, and increased the strength of warnings. We believe that the new label language may deprive patients of the full benefits of erythropoiesis‐stimulating agent treatment and impair the opportunity to individualize treatment through shared decision making. Diminished discovery and innovation in the treatment of one of the most common and important complications of kidney disease may also be an unintended consequence of the label change.
Usefulness of continuous renal replacement therapy for correcting hypernatremia in a patient with severe congestive heart failure
Authors: Park Hoon Suk , Hong Yu Ah , Kim Hyun Gyung , Choi Sun Ryoung , Sun In O. , Chung Byung Ha , Park Cheol Whee , Yang Chul Woo , Kim Yong Soo , Choi Bum Soon 
Published: April 2012

AbstractContinuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is used as an alternative to intermittent hemodialysis (IHD) in patients who have acute kidney injury (AKI) and cannot tolerate IHD. Several studies have reported the usefulness of CRRT in treating sepsis, which is a non‐renal indication for CRRT. Recently, CRRT was also introduced as a useful tool for treating severe congestive heart failure (CHF). By using CRRT, we successfully treated hypernatremia in a patient with severe CHF, without observing any fluid overload. Therefore, we report this case to suggest that CRRT should be considered for the treatment of hypernatremia in patients with severe CHF.
Optimal fluid control can normalize cardiovascular risk markers and limit left ventricular hypertrophy in thrice weekly dialysis patients
Authors: Velasco Nestor , Chamney Paul , Wabel Peter , Moissl Ulrich , Imtiaz Toufeeq , Spalding Elaine , McGregor Mark , Innes Andrew , MacKay Ian , Patel Rajan , Jardine Alan 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIncreased hemodialysis frequency can make fluid overload easier to treat, although most patients are still treated thrice weekly. Chronic fluid overload is associated with left ventricular hypertrophy and elevated serum cardiac biomarkers, recognized as mortality risk factors. Serum cardiac troponin T (cTnT), N‐terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP), left ventricular mass index by cardiac magnetic imaging, and ambulatory blood pressure was measured in 30 thrice weekly hemodiafiltration patients. Time‐averaged fluid overload (TAFO) was quantified by bioimpedance spectroscopy. In the study group, left ventricular hypertrophy was found to be 26% by cardiac magnetic resonance. Ambulatory blood pressure was 130 mmHg (112–151) requiring a low equivalent dose of medication of 0.25 units (0–1). Significantly, lower levels of left ventricular mass index (P < 0.05) were associated in those patients with TAFO <1 L or NT‐proBNP <1200 pg/mL or cTnT <0.1 ug/L. In the subgroups, 16 patients had normal cTnT (<0.03 ug/L), 16 patients had NT‐proBNP <400 pg/mL, and 20 patients had TAFO <1 L. Nine patients had both cTnT <0.03 ug/L and NT‐proBNP <400 pg/mL. Normally hydrated thrice‐weekly hemodiafiltration patients can have cardiac biomarker and TAFO levels indistinguishable from the normal healthy population. Obtaining TAFO by bioimpedance monitoring can offer a practical alternative to serum cardiac biomarkers.
Hemolysis‐induced acute kidney injury following cardiac surgery: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Shih Hong‐Mou , Chen Yi‐Chou , Pan Chi‐Fong , Lin Hsin‐Chang , Wu Chi‐Jen , Chen Han‐Hsiang 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAcute kidney injury is a common complication following cardiac surgery. Even small increases in creatinine levels are associated with increases in morbidity and mortality. Numerous factors such as hemolysis can contribute to the development of acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery. We present a rare case of severe hemolysis related to cardiopulmonary bypass resulting in kidney injury and requiring dialysis. The patient's renal function gradually recovered when hemolysis was improved. After follow‐up for 3 months, his creatinine levels returned to normal. We discussed the pathogenesis of this hemolysis‐related kidney dysfunction, the causes of hemolysis during cardiac surgery, and a new treatment option.
Prevalence, location and morphology of maxillary sinus septa: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Pommer Bernhard , Ulm Christian , Lorenzoni Martin , Palmer Richard , Watzek Georg , Zechner Werner 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAimTo gain further insights and resolve conflicting results in the literature regarding prevalence, predominant location and morphologic variability of maxillary sinus septa.Material and MethodsElectronic and hand searching of English literature identified 33 investigations published from 1995 to 2011. Septa were defined as at least 2–4 mm in height.ResultsSepta were present in 28.4% of 8923 sinuses investigated (95% confidence interval: 24.3–32.5%). Prevalence was significantly higher in atrophic sinuses compared with dentate maxillae (p < 0.001). Septa were located in premolar, molar and retromolar regions in 24.4%, 54.6% and 21.0% respectively. Orientation of septa was transverse in 87.6%, sagittal in 11.1% and horizontal in 1.3% of cases. Septa height measured 7.5 mm on average. Complete septa (dividing the sinus into two separate cavities) were found in only 0.3%. Other rare conditions included multiple septa in one sinus (4.2%) and bilateral septa (17.2%). Septa diagnosis using panoramic radiographs yielded incorrect results in 29% of cases.ConclusionsIn view of their high overall prevalence and significant morphologic variability, 3D radiographic imaging prior to sinus floor augmentation may help to reduce complication rates in the presence of maxillary sinus septa.
Nevoid hyperkeratosis of the areola misinterpreted as mycosis fungoides
Authors: Rosman Ilana S. , Hepper Donna M. , Lind Anne C. , Anadkat Milan J. 
Published: April 2012

Nevoid hyperkeratosis of the nipple and areola is a benign condition with fewer than 70 cases reported in the literature. We report a case of unilateral nevoid hyperkeratosis of the areola with intraepidermal lymphocytes that resembled Pautrier's microabscesses on histological examination. This is the third report of mycosis fungoides‐like changes in nevoid hyperkeratosis of the nipple and areola. In addition, this is the first case to present immunohistochemical and T‐cell gene rearrangement studies of the intraepidermal lymphocytes. This case highlights a potential histopathological pitfall in the diagnosis of nevoid hyperkeratosis of the nipple and areola.Rosman IS, Hepper DM, Lind AC, Anadkat MJ. Nevoid hyperkeratosis of the areola misinterpreted as mycosis fungoides.
Alopecia with perineural lymphocytes: a clue to linear scleroderma en coup de sabre
Authors: Goh Carolyn , Biswas Asok , Goldberg Lynne J. 
Published: April 2012

Linear scleroderma en coup de sabre (‘the stroke of the sword’) is an uncommon form of morphea with onset typically in childhood or adolescence. Involvement is usually located on the paramedian forehead and is associated with alopecia. It is microscopically indistinguishable from other forms of scleroderma. We present a 51‐year‐old woman who presented with alopecia and subsequently developed linear scleroderma en coup de sabre on her adjacent forehead. Histopathology revealed a strikingly perineural lymphocytic and plasmacytic infiltrate, extending deeply into the subcutis and fascia. To our knowledge, this is the first report of alopecia with perineural lymphocytic inflammation as a presenting sign of linear scleroderma en coup de sabre.Goh C, Biswas A, Goldberg LJ. Alopecia with perineural lymphocytes: a clue to linear scleroderma en coup de sabre.
Evaluation of the effect of storage medium on fragment reattachment
Authors: Sharmin David Ditto , Thomas Eapen 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackground/AimFragment reattachment is a conservative and a valid alternative to a direct composite restoration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of commonly available storage media on the fracture resistance of reattached fragments.Material and methodsSixty sound human maxillary incisors were divided into three groups, the teeth were then sectioned and the fragments were kept dry (Group A), stored in milk (Group B) and in saline (Group C) for 24 h. The fragments were then reattached using simple reattachment technique with flowable composite resin. These teeth were then subjected to thermocycling and the fracture resistance of these reattached fragments were recorded. The mode of fracture was also recorded.ResultsGroup C (saline) recorded the highest mean fracture resistance (76.9 N) followed by Group B (milk) and Group C (dry), (38.7 N and 27.2 N, respectively). Most of the samples in Group A (65%) and Group C (70%) showed adhesive fracture, whereas 50% of the samples in Group B showed adhesive fracture.ConclusionsFragments stored in saline and milk showed greater fracture resistance than those kept dried.
Pharmacological management of pain during orthodontic treatment: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Angelopoulou M. V. , Vlachou V. , Halazonetis D. J. 
Published: April 2012

Angelopoulou M. V., Vlachou V., Halazonetis D.J. Pharmacological management of pain during orthodontic treatment: a meta‐analysis  Orthod Craniofac Res 2012; 15: 71–83. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/SStructured AbstractObjectives –  To evaluate the effectiveness of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in managing pain arising from orthodontic interventions, such as archwire or separators placement.Data Sources –  Medline and Cochrane databases searched in February 2010 and updated in July 2010 using orthodontics and pain as the search terms. Additional studies located from Google Scholar, Clinical Trials and the reference lists of retrieved articles.Study Selection –  Randomized controlled trials comparing NSAID to placebo using visual analogue scale (VAS) scores.Data Synthesis –  Of the 1127 studies identified through database searches, seven were included for meta‐analysis. Treatment effects (Hedges’ g using random effects model) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the pain VAS scores were evaluated at 2, 6 and 24 h after intervention, during chewing and biting activities. Pain level at 2 h differed between the ibuprofen and placebo groups during biting (95% CI: −0.178 to −0.046), but not during chewing (95% CI: −0.551 to 0.148). At 6 h, the ibuprofen group exhibited lower pain levels during both activities (chewing 95% CI: −0.640 to −0.123, biting 95% CI: −0.857 to −0.172). At 24 h, no statistically significant difference could be detected between ibuprofen and placebo (chewing 95% CI: −0.642 to 0.112, biting 95% CI: −0.836 to 0.048). No statistically significant difference was found between ibuprofen and acetaminophen at any time point.Conclusion –  Ibuprofen appears to lower orthodontic pain compared to placebo at 2 and 6 h after separators or archwire placement, but not at 24 h, when pain peaks.
The need for worldwide policy and action plans for rare diseases
Authors: Forman John , Taruscio Domenica , Llera Virginia A. , Barrera Luis A. , Coté Timothy R. , Edfjäll Catarina , Gavhed Désirée , Haffner Marlene E. , Nishimura Yukiko , Posada Manuel , Tambuyzer Erik , Groft Stephen C. , Henter Jan‐Inge ,   on behalf of the International Conference for Rare Diseases and Orphan Drugs (ICORD)
Published: April 2012

AbstractThere are more than 6000 rare diseases (defined as affecting <5/10 000 individuals in Europe, <200 000 people in the United States). The rarity can create problems including: difficulties in obtaining timely, accurate diagnoses; lack of experienced healthcare providers; useful, reliable and timely information may be hard to find; research activities are less common; developing new medicines may not be economically feasible; treatments are sometimes very expensive; and in developing countries, the problems are compounded by other resource limitations. Emphasis is required to support appropriate research and development leading to better prevention, diagnosis and treatments of rare diseases. Notably, clinical trials using already existing drugs may result in new, affordable, treatment strategies. Moreover, rare diseases may teach us about common disorders.Conclusions:  Countries are encouraged to implement specific research and development activities within their individual capabilities, so that patients worldwide have equal access to necessary interventions to maximize the potential of every individual.
Congenital cytomegalovirus infection – a common cause of hearing loss of unknown aetiology
Authors: Karltorp Eva , Hellström Sten , Lewensohn‐Fuchs Ilona , Carlsson‐Hansén Eva , Carlsson Per‐Inge , Engman Mona‐Lisa 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAim:  The aim of this study was to investigate the role of congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection as a cause of various types of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in a group of nonsyndromic children with otherwise unknown aetiology of hearing loss. Furthermore, the occurrence of combined congenital CMV infection and connexin 26 (Cx26) mutations was investigated.Methods:  The dried blood spot (DBS) cards of 45 children with various degrees of hearing deficits and 46 children with severe/profound hearing loss were tested for CMV DNA with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. The DBS cards of the 46 children with severe/profound hearing loss were also analysed for Cx26 mutations.Results:  Of the 45 children with various degrees of hearing loss, nine were positive for CMV DNA (20%). The nine children represented severe/profound, mild and unilateral hearing loss. From the 46 children with severe/profound hearing loss, nine of 46 (20%) were positive for CMV DNA. In addition, three of the CMV DNA‐positive children were carriers of mutations of Cx26.Conclusion:  Congenital CMV infection is a high risk factor in hearing impairment among children.
Quality of care for severe acute malnutrition delivered by community health workers in southern Bangladesh
Authors: Puett Chloe , Coates Jennifer , Alderman Harold , Sadler Kate 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis study assessed the quality of care provided by community health workers (CHWs) in managing cases of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) according to a treatment algorithm. A mixed methods approach was employed to provide perspectives on different aspects of quality of care, including technical competence and acceptability to caretakers. CHWs screened children at community level using a mid‐upper arm circumference measurement, and treated cases without medical complications. Fifty‐five case management observations were conducted using a quality of care checklist, with 89.1% (95% confidence interval: 77.8–95.9%) of CHWs achieving 90% error‐free case management or higher. Caretakers perceived CHWs' services as acceptable and valuable, with doorstep delivery of services promoting early presentation in this remote area of Bangladesh. Integration of the treatment of SAM into community‐based health and nutrition programs appears to be feasible and effective. In this setting, well‐trained and supervised CHWs were able to effectively manage cases of SAM. These findings suggest the feasibility of further decentralization of treatment from current delivery models for community‐based management of acute malnutrition.
Antifreeze protein gene amplification facilitated niche exploitation and speciation in wolffish
Authors: Desjardins Mariève , Graham Laurie A. , Davies Peter L. , Fletcher Garth L. 
Published: April 2012

During winter, the coastal waters of Newfoundland can be considered a ‘freeze risk ecozone’ for teleost fishes, where the shallower habitats pose a high (and the deeper habitats a low) risk of freezing. Atlantic (Anarhichas lupus) and spotted (Anarhichas minor) wolffish, which inhabit these waters, reside at opposite ends of this ecozone, with the Atlantic wolffish being the species facing the greatest risk, because of its shallower niche. In order to resist freezing, this species secretes five times the level of antifreeze protein (AFP) activity into the plasma than does the spotted wolffish. The main basis for this interspecific difference in AFP levels is gene dosage, as the Atlantic wolffish has approximately three times as many AFP gene copies as the spotted wolffish. In addition,AFPtranscript levels in liver (the primary source of circulating AFPs) are several times higher in the Atlantic wolffish. One explanation for the difference in gene dosage and transcript levels is the presence of tandemly arrayed repeats in the latter, which make up two‐thirds of its AFP gene pool. Such repeats are not present in the spotted wolffish. The available evidence indicates that the two species diverged from a common ancestor at a time when the ebb and flow of northern glaciations would have resulted in the emergence of shallow water ‘freeze risk ecozones’. The results of this study suggest that the duplication/amplification of AFP genes in a subpopulation of ancestral wolffish would have facilitated the exploitation of this high‐risk habitat, resulting in the divergence and evolution of modern‐day Atlantic and spotted wolffish species.Database Nucleotide sequence data are available in the GenBank database under the accession numbers AWG1‐4,JQ040521,JQ040515,JQ040516,JQ040517, AWE1‐3,JQ040522,JQ040523,JQ040524, SWG1‐3,JQ040518,JQ040519, andJQ040520
SEXUALITY IN CHILD CUSTODY DECISIONS*
Authors: Pearson Kim H. 
Published: April 2012

For gay and lesbian parents, child custody decisions have progressed considerably since the time it was generally accepted by courts that homosexual parents were per se unfit for custody. Most states now employ an orientation blind standard or nexus test, meaning that the court will not take a parent's orientation into account unless there is evidence of harm to the child. Although this is a step in a positive direction, there are unforeseen costs. Orientation blindness may seem neutral on the surface because nexus tests usually employ the term “sexual orientation,” but the question of harm is applied only to homosexual parents and not heterosexual parents. Gay and lesbian parents who wish to raise sexual orientation claims about the positive aspects of role‐modeling and community inclusion may be discouraged from doing so because parent‐child role‐modeling has traditionally been seen as recruitment, predation or the disruption of “normal” sexual development when the parent is gay or lesbian.Key Points for the Family Court Community:
Gay and Lesbian parents have strong incentives to argue against parent‐child imitation.
Heterosexual parents are not similarly constrained about positive modeling for their children.
Orientation‐blind standards may not be neutral in the application because of the strong social belief in parent‐child imitation.
If courts are aware of the disincentives that lesbian and gay parents have against arguing for positive modeling, they can more neutrally apply the orientation standards.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: The hepatic metabolic syndrome
Authors: Page, ACNP‐BC Jeni 
Published: April 2012

Abstract  Purpose: To examine a case of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and review the incidence, pathophysiology, appropriate diagnostic procedures and imaging, clinical considerations, and treatment options.Data sources: Findings from the history, physical examination, and diagnostic testing of a 39‐year‐old man with elevated liver enzymes presenting to the hepatology clinic; a search of evidence‐based literature in the PubMed and CINAHL database with the terms “fatty liver,”“nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,” and “nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.”Conclusions: NAFLD is the deposition of fat in the liver that can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, resulting in fibrosis and cirrhosis. The exact pathophysiology is unknown, but risk factors can include those criteria associated with metabolic syndrome. NAFLD is a diagnosis of exclusion and can lead to serious health consequences if it is not identified and interventions are not implemented promptly. Treatment options remain limited but currently focus on weight loss, exercise, and diet.Implication for practice: The clinician must include the spectrum of NAFLD in the differential diagnosis for any patient with elevated liver enzymes. The key actions for diagnosing NAFLD are identifying risk factors and ordering appropriate testing for confirmation. These considerations will lead to early diagnosis and implementation of treatment interventions.