bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Holocene history of climate, fire, landscape evolution, and human activity in northeastern Iceland
Authors: Ardenghi Nicolò , Harning David J. , Raberg Jonathan H. , Holman Brooke R. , Thordarson Thorvaldur , Geirsdóttir Áslaug , Miller Gifford H. , Sepúlveda Julio 
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Paleoclimate reconstructions across Iceland provide a template for past changes in climate across the northern North Atlantic, a crucial region due to its position relative to the global northward heat transport system and its vulnerability to climate change. The roles of orbitally driven summer cooling, volcanism, and human impact as triggers of local environmental changes in the Holocene of Iceland remain debated. While there are indications that human impact may have reduced environmental resilience during late Holocene summer cooling, it is still difficult to resolve to what extent human and natural factors affected Iceland's late Holocene landscape instability. Here, we present a continuous Holocene fire record of northeastern Iceland from proxies archived in Stóra Viðarvatn sediment. We use pyrogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pyroPAHs) to trace shifts in fire regimes, paired with continuous biomarker and bulk geochemical records of soil erosion, lake productivity, and human presence. The molecular composition of pyroPAHs and a wind pattern reconstruction indicate a naturally driven fire signal that is mostly regional. Generally low fire frequency during most of the Holocene significantly increased at 3 ka and again after 1.5 ka BP before known human settlement in Iceland. We propose that shifts in vegetation type caused by cooling summers over the past 3 kyr, in addition to changes in atmospheric circulation, such as shifts in North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) regime, led to increased aridity and biomass flammability. Our results show no evidence of faecal biomarkers associated with human activity during or after human colonisation in the 9th century CE. Instead, faecal biomarkers follow the pattern described by erosional proxies, pointing toward a negligible human presence and/or a diluted signal in the lake's catchment. However, low post-colonisation levels of pyroPAHs, in contrast to an increasing flux of erosional bulk proxies, suggest that farming and animal husbandry may have suppressed fire frequency by reducing the spread and flammability of fire-prone vegetation (e.g. heathlands). Overall, our results describe a fire frequency heavily influenced by long-term changes in climate through the Holocene. They also suggest that human colonisation had contrasting effects on the local environment by lowering its resilience to soil erosion while increasing its resilience to fire.
Updated climatological mean ΔfCO2 and net sea–air CO2 flux over the global open ocean regions
Authors: Fay Amanda R. , Munro David R. , McKinley Galen A. , Pierrot Denis , Sutherland Stewart C. , Sweeney Colm , Wanninkhof Rik 
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The late Taro Takahashi (Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), Columbia University) and colleagues provided the first near-global monthly air–sea CO2 flux climatology in Takahashi et al. (1997), based on available surface water partial pressure of CO2 measurements. This product has been a benchmark for uptake of CO2 in the ocean. Several versions have been provided since, with improvements in procedures and large increases in observations, culminating in the authoritative assessment in Takahashi et al. (2009a, b). Here we provide and document the last iteration using a greatly increased dataset (SOCATv2022) and determining fluxes using air–sea partial pressure differences as a climatological reference for the period 1980–2021 (Fay et al., 2023, https://doi.org/10.25921/295g-sn13). The resulting net flux for the open ocean region is estimated as -1.79±0.7 Pg C yr−1, which compares well with other global mean flux estimates. While global flux results are consistent, differences in regional means and seasonal amplitudes are discussed. Consistent with other studies, we find the largest differences in the data-sparse southeast Pacific and Southern Ocean.
Modelling the vulnerability of urban settings to wildland–urban interface fires in Chile
Authors: Aguirre Paula , León Jorge , González-Mathiesen Constanza , Román Randy , Penas Manuela , Ogueda Alonso 
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Wildland–urban interface (WUI) regions are particularly vulnerable to wildfires due to their proximity to both nature and urban developments, posing significant risks to lives and property. To enhance our understanding of the risk profiles in WUI areas, we analysed seven fire case studies in central Chile. We developed a mixed-method approach for conducting local-scale analyses, which involved field surveys, remote-sensing through satellite and drone imagery, and GIS-based analysis of the collected data. The methodology led to the generation of a georeferenced dataset of damaged and undamaged dwellings, including 16 variables representing their physical characteristics, spatial arrangement, and the availability of fire suppression resources. A binary classification model was then used to assess the relative importance of these attributes as indicators of vulnerability. The analysis revealed that spatial arrangement factors have a greater impact on damage prediction than the structural conditions and fire preparedness of individual units. Specifically, factors such as dwelling proximity to neighbours, distance to vegetation, proximity to the border of dwelling groups, and distance from the origin of the fire substantially contribute to the prediction of fire damage. Other structural attributes associated with less affluent homes may also increase the likelihood of damage, although further data are required for confirmation. This study provides insights for the design, planning, and governance of WUI areas in Chile, aiding the development of risk mitigation strategies for both built structures and the broader territorial area.
Improving seasonal predictions of German Bight storm activity
Authors: Krieger Daniel , Brune Sebastian , Baehr Johanna , Weisse Ralf 
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Extratropical storms are one of the major coastal hazards along the coastline of the German Bight, the southeastern part of the North Sea, and a major driver of coastal protection efforts. However, the predictability of these regional extreme events on a seasonal scale is still limited. We therefore improve the seasonal prediction skill of the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM) large-ensemble decadal hindcast system for German Bight storm activity (GBSA) in winter. We define GBSA as the 95th percentiles of three-hourly geostrophic wind speeds in winter, which we derive from mean sea-level pressure (MSLP) data. The hindcast system consists of an ensemble of 64 members, which are initialized annually in November and cover the winters of 1960/61–2017/18. We consider both deterministic and probabilistic predictions of GBSA, for both of which the full ensemble produces poor predictions in the first winter. To improve the skill, we observe the state of two physical predictors of GBSA, namely 70 hPa temperature anomalies in September, as well as 500 hPa geopotential height anomalies in November, in areas where these two predictors are correlated with winter GBSA. We translate the state of these predictors into a first guess of GBSA and remove ensemble members with a GBSA prediction too far away from this first guess. The resulting subselected ensemble exhibits a significantly improved skill in both deterministic and probabilistic predictions of winter GBSA. We also show how this skill increase is associated with better predictability of large-scale atmospheric patterns.
Analysis of Property Marketing Strategy by Utilizing Digital Marketing (Case Study of PT Rizki Mandiri)
Authors: Atila Cici Winda , Syarvina Wahyu 
Published: May 2024

Digital marketing has now penetrated several fields, including property. Therefore, it is important for companies to implement digital marketing strategies for broader marketing. The company optimizes online marketing or digital marketing as a way of communicating with target consumers. This is definitely a very effective option. The purpose of this research is to find out how PT Rizki Mandiri Barokah can use digital marketing to increase sales. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach which was developed to provide information. Data collection techniques used in documentation and interviews. The results of this study are PT Rizki Mandiri Barokah implementing the right marketing strategy through digital real estate marketing to increase real estate sales and make a significant contribution to sales and reach many customers.
The Influence Of Leadership, Motivation, And Work Discipline On The Performance Of Village Community Development Officials (DPMD) In Bengkulu Selatan District
Authors: Yanwar Tegar Dewantara , Yulinda Ade Tiara 
Published: May 2024

This study aims to determine the influence of leadership, motivation and work discipline on the performance of Village Community Empowerment Service (DPMD) Employees of South Bengkulu Regency, either partially or simultaneously. There are several factors that will be discussed in this study, including Leadership, Motivation, and Work Discipline. The objects in this study were 40 Village Community Empowerment Service (DPMD) employees of South Bengkulu Regency. In this study the authors used data collection methods by means of observation, distributing questionnaires or questionnaires and interviews. There are several data analysis techniques used in this study, including by using respondent response analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, determinant coefficients, and also hypothesis testing. From the research that has been done, it can be seen that the Leadership Variable has a positive and significant effect on the Employee Performance of the Village Community Empowerment Service (DPMD) of South Bengkulu Regency. This means that with the existence of leadership provided by agencies, of course this shows that the leadership in the Village Community Empowerment Service (DPMD) of South Bengkulu Regency is good at directing human resources (HR). The Variable Motivation has a positive and significant effect on the Performance of Village Community Empowerment Service (DPMD) Employees of South Bengkulu Regency. This means that with motivation in the form of appropriate salaries and incentives, of course this can trigger employees to work even better and be able to improve the performance of their employees. South. This means that with good work discipline, it will also have a good impact on employee performance
The Influence Of Tasks Division, Motivation, Competence, And Work Discipline On Teacher Quality At Smp Negeri 1 Ujanmas Muara Enim District
Authors: Kohar April , Madjir Subahri , Darmin Darmin 
Published: May 2024

This study aims to the effect of the division of tasks, Motivation, Competence, and Work discipline on the quality of teachers at state Junior High School 1 Ujanmas Muara EnimRegency. The type of research used in this study was quantitatipe research. The data in this study used primary data by using research Collection technugues and questioonnaires. The reserch used survey methods, thereserch respondent werw 35 techers. Questionnaire instruments regarding quality of work as related variable, divison of tasaks, motivation, competence, and work discipline as independent variables an the analisys tool of tasks partially has a signicante affect on quality of work competence partially has a signicante affect on quality and work discipline paertially andf correlation has a significante affect on the quality of Juniore high school teachers in Negeri 1 Ujanmas Muara Enim District.
مهارات طلبة PISMP واتجاهاتهم نحو تنفيذ مهارات التفكير العليا في تعليم اللغة العربية
Authors: Che Amran Aisyah Aminah , Abu Bakar Radhwa 
Published: May 2024

مهارات التفكير العليا أمر مهم في تطوير نظام تعليم المعلمين وتحسينه، ولذلك تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى معرفة مستويات مهارات طلبة برنامج البكالوريوس في التعليم (PISMP) واتجاهاتهم نحو تنفيذ مهارات التفكير العليا في تعليم اللغة العربية. وقد تم اختيار هؤلاء الطلبة لكونهم معلمين بعد التخرج من المعهد. احتاجت الباحثتان إلى تعرف استعداد الطلبة نحو تنفيذ مهارات التفكير العليا وتطبيقها بعد التخرج من حيث مهاراتهم واتجاهاتهم. تم اختيار عدد من العينة في هذه الدراسة من 82 طالبا وطالبة PISMP بمعهد تأهيل المعلمين الإسلامي (IPG KPI). واعتمدت الباحثتان على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي لتغطية الجانب النظري للدراسة وقد تم توزيع الاستبانة لمعرفة مستوى مهارات الطلبة ومستوى اتجاهاتهم نحو تنفيذ مهارات التفكير العليا. استنتجت الباحثتان أن مهارات الطلبة واتجاهاتهم نحو تنفيذ مهارات التفكير العليا في تعليم اللغة العربية في المستوى المتوسط لمهاراتهم بلغ عددها 3.55 ولاتجاهاتهم 3.45. وقدمت الباحثتان التوصيات والمقترحات لتحسين هذا المجال.

Higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) are required for the expansion and improvement of a teacher education system. Therefore, the goal of this study is to determine the levels of skills and attitudes of PISMP undergraduate teaching program students regarding the adoption of higher-order order thinking skills (HOTS) in Arabic teaching. These students were selected because they intend to become teachers after graduating from the institute. The researchers must ascertain the students' abilities and attitudes with reference to their preparedness to apply higher-order thinking skills after graduation. A sample of 82 PISMP students from the Institut Pendidikan Guru Kampus Pendidikan Islam (IPG KPI) was chosen for this study. A questionnaire about the students' abilities and attitudes toward applying higher order thinking skills (HOTS) was given out, and the researchers utilized an analytical descriptive method to ascertain each student's level. The researchers concluded that their attitudes and skills were around average, with 3.45 for attitudes and 3.55 for skills. The researchers offered ideas and recommendations for advancing this field.
Teste de condutividade elétrica para sementes de mogno africano
Authors: Rocha Ruthelly Viereca Sena , David Andréia Márcia Santos de Souza , Silva Rebeca Alves Nunes , Figueiredo Josiane Cantuária , Silva Cleisson Dener da , Paraizo Eliene Almeida , Alves Franson Ronner Pereira , Custodio Debora Cristina Santos , Rodrigues Júnior Geraldo Antônio Alves , Santos João Rafael Prudêncio dos 
Published: May 2024

O teste de condutividade elétrica se sobressai como uma técnica eficiente para a análise do vigor das sementes, destacando-se pela sua capacidade de avaliar a integridade do sistema de membranas através da medição dos exsudatos liberados durante sua condução. É uma excelente ferramenta para avaliar a qualidade de sementes de diversas espécies, inclusive as florestais. Este método, ao fornecer uma avaliação mais abrangente e detalhada, contribui significativamente para a seleção de lotes de sementes de alta qualidade, beneficiando a produção florestal e conservação ambiental. O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar uma metodologia precisa para o teste de condutividade elétrica, permitindo a estratificação de lotes de sementes de mogno africano em diferentes níveis de vigor. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC). Para realização do estudo foram utilizados três lotes de sementes de mogno africano, abrangendo diversos parâmetros fundamentais para avaliação da qualidade inicial das sementes, tais como teor de água, germinação, índice de velocidade emergência, emergência em areia e a matéria seca das plântulas. O teste de condutividade elétrica foi conduzido sob diferentes condições experimentais, variando tanto o volume de água destilada empregado (75 e 100 mL) quanto os períodos de embebição (3, 6, 12, 24, 48 e 96 horas). Os resultados obtidos revelaram que a aplicação do teste de condutividade elétrica, conduzido com o uso de 25 sementes, embebidas em 100 mL de água destilada e leitura após 96 horas de embebição é eficiente para diferenciar lotes de mogno africano quanto à qualidade fisiológica das sementes.
Parkinson’s Disease Treatment and the Role of Genetic Polymorphisms in the Efficacy and Adverse Effects
Authors: Usman Halima , Khalid Tooba , Ghaffar Amama 
Published: May 2024

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a relentlessly growing neurodegenerative disorder clinically manifested by rigidity, tremors, and dyskinesia ascribed to loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic innervation. Conventional therapies focus on alleviating disease symptoms as far as possible, yet lack the ability to halt the progression of the neurodegenerative process. A major historic turning point in PD therapy came through the inception of levodopa (l-dopa), however, its prolonged use is associated with complications and a decline in response. Some alternate modalities to treat PD are also available as dopamine agonists (DA), catechol-o-methyl transferase inhibitors (COMTIs), and non-dopaminergic drugs that could be used as a supportive therapy with l-dopa or alone. Nonetheless, these drugs are less effective than l-dopa in regulating motor symptoms. On the other hand, substantial inter-individual variations are observed in response to l-dopa. Although many factors can influence an individual’s response to therapy, a patient’s genetic makeup could be a starting point in creating precision medicine with greater safety and efficacy. Precision medicine that incorporates pharmacogenomics data can optimize patients’ response to PD drugs and facilitate treatment. In this review, we aim to present PD pathogenesis, challenges of current therapy, and pharmacogenetics aspects of levodopa.
Discovery of Anti-inflammatory Compounds from Pleione Grandiflora.
Authors: Editorial Staff  
Published: May 2024

An investigation of the pseudobulbs of Pleione grandiflora (Rolfe) yielded several new glucosyloxybenzyl 2-hydroxy-2-isobutylsuccinates, pleionesides. Acidic and Alkaline hydrolysis experiments alongside analytical techniques namely NMR and HRESIMS were used to determine the structure and configuration of these novel phytocompounds. These compounds were subjected to LPS-induced BV2 microglia for potential anti-inflammatory effect. Results showed that 3 of these compounds possess moderate activity compared with quercetin used as a positive control. Fitoterapia. 2021 Nov;155:105062.
Chemomodulatory Potential of n-Hexane Extract of Conyza bonariensis Against Skin Carcinogenesis in Mice Induced by Carcinogens: An in Vitro and in Vivo Study
Authors: Naseer Faiza , Imran Aziz Hafiz Muhammad , Asghar Amna , Qurshi Waqas , Abid Rameesha 
Published: May 2024

Conyza bonariensis (CB) is a cosmopolitan herb, family Asteraceae (Compositeae), commonly known as mrich booti or gulava previously used to cure cancer in traditional medicine. In the present study, n-hexane fraction by CB's triterpenoid constituents was assessed for their cytotoxic property using the human skin carcinoma cell line (SCC-13) and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The chemo modulatory potential of CB n-hexane was evaluated against skin carcinogenesis in mice induced by (7-12-dimethylbenz(a)antheracene) DMBA and Croton oil. CB n-hexane extract was orally administered at the doses of 3, 6, and 9 mg/kg/day, and 9 mg/kg was also applied locally on mice skin for 16 weeks. The results from cell lines revealed that CB induces cytotoxicity against the SCC-13 cells (IC50=7.5 µM). It was found to be 4.05 times more selective in exerting cytotoxicity against SCC-13 than the PBMC (IC50=30.4 µM). The results from the mice model of skin carcinogenesis have shown that whole plant n-hexane extract administered via oral and topical routes, both reduced the number of precancerous skin papillomas and their incidence. At these concentrations, CB n-hexane also augmented the actions of catalase and superoxide dismutase, glutathione content and reduced the skin lipid peroxidation levels. These outcomes presented the cytotoxic and antioxidative effects of CB n-hexane whole plant extract and also authenticates the traditional assertions and strengthen the technical base of its chemopreventive activity.
Gestão municipal da agropecuária nos municípios cearenses
Authors: Insaurralde Paula Andreia Bezerra , Lima Patrícia Verônica Pinheiro Sales , Cabral Nájila Rejanne Alencar Julião , Casimiro Filho Francisco , Silva Everton Nogueira , Mesquita Daiane Felix Santiago 
Published: May 2024

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o nível de implementação de instrumentos de gestão municipal direcionados ao apoio da agropecuária nos municípios do Ceará. Para tanto, utiliza dados extraídos da Pesquisa de Informações Básicas Municipais – MUNIC, ano 2020, publicada pelo IBGE. Foram selecionados trinta instrumentos de gestão municipal, distribuídos em cinco dimensões: i) entidades gestoras, ii) programas de apoio à diversificação da agropecuária, iii) Programas de apoio à produção agropecuária, iv) ações de apoio social ao produtor agropecuário e v) oferta de infraestrutura de apoio à comercialização da produção. Para mensuração do nível de implementação dos instrumentos foram construídos índices agregados, submetidos à análise estatística. Segundo principais resultados os municípios apresentam baixa adesão aos instrumentos que poderiam apoiar as atividades agropecuárias, especialmente na dimensão de oferta de serviços para auxiliar a comercialização. O estudo mostrou a necessidade de maior engajamento do poder local no apoio às atividades agropecuárias. A omissão dos gestores municipais é um fator que pode inibir a criação de uma estrutura de governança capaz de dar suporte às políticas públicas de desenvolvimento rural.
Efecto antitoxicológico del tocosh de papa (Solanum tuberosum) frente al sulfametoxazol-trimetropina en raíces de cebolla (Allium cepa)
Authors: Gonzales-Llontop Luis Felipe , Chotón Calvo Mariel del Rocío , Chico-Ruíz Julio 
Published: May 2024

Varios fármacos de venta libre son ofrecidos a pacientes y no les alcanzan información de los efectos secundarios por su consumo frecuente. Ello estimuló a valorar el efecto antitoxicológico del tocosh de papa (Solanum tuberosum) frente al sulfametoxasol-trimetropina en raíces de cebolla (Allium cepa). Se desarrollaron raícillas de 3,0 cm en 20 bulbos de cebolla, las cuales se sostuvieron en cuatro procedimientos: testigo (100 ml de agua destilada), problema 1 (20 uL de tocosh), problema 2 (sulfametoxasol-trimetropina 1%) y problema 3 (sulfametoxasol-trimetropina 1% más 20 uL de tocosh.). Se aplicó la técnica de coloración de Tjio y Levan para la observación celular. El grupo 3 presentó: anomalías cromosómicas clastogénicas: puentes (2,3%), puentes múltiples (1,2%), cromosoma en c-metafase (0,5%) y aneugénicas: cromosoma pegajoso (1,1%) y yema nuclear (1,3%) y sin aberraciones (99,6%) mientras la agrupación que recibió antibiótico más tocosh expresó falta de anormalidades cromosómicas. En las condiciones de laboratorio, a una dosis de 2uL de tocosh se percibió el mejor efecto antitoxicológico en raicillas de Allium cepa lo cual muestra al tocosh como una alternativa antitoxicológica ante el poder tóxico de ciertos fármacos.