bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide analysis of the sox family in the calcareous sponge Sycon ciliatum: multiple genes with unique expression patterns
Authors: Fortunato Sofia , Adamski Marcin , Bergum Brith , Guder Corina , Jordal Signe , Leininger Sven , Zwafink Christin , Rapp Hans Tore , Adamska Maja 
Published: July 2012

Abstract

Background
Sox genes are HMG-domain containing transcription factors with important roles in developmental processes in animals; many of them appear to have conserved functions among eumetazoans. Demosponges have fewer Sox genes than eumetazoans, but their roles remain unclear. The aim of this study is to gain insight into the early evolutionary history of the Sox gene family by identification and expression analysis of Sox genes in the calcareous sponge Sycon ciliatum.

Methods
Calcaronean Sox related sequences were retrieved by searching recently generated genomic and transcriptome sequence resources and analyzed using variety of phylogenetic methods and identification of conserved motifs. Expression was studied by whole mount in situ hybridization.

Results
We have identified seven Sox genes and four Sox-related genes in the complete genome of Sycon ciliatum. Phylogenetic and conserved motif analyses showed that five of Sycon Sox genes represent groups B, C, E, and F present in cnidarians and bilaterians. Two additional genes are classified as Sox genes but cannot be assigned to specific subfamilies, and four genes are more similar to Sox genes than to other HMG-containing genes. Thus, the repertoire of Sox genes is larger in this representative of calcareous sponges than in the demosponge Amphimedon queenslandica. It remains unclear whether this is due to the expansion of the gene family in Sycon or a secondary reduction in the Amphimedon genome. In situ hybridization of Sycon Sox genes revealed a variety of expression patterns during embryogenesis and in specific cell types of adult sponges.

Conclusions
In this study, we describe a large family of Sox genes in Sycon ciliatum with dynamic expression patterns, indicating that Sox genes are regulators in development and cell type determination in sponges, as observed in higher animals. The revealed differences between demosponge and calcisponge Sox genes repertoire highlight the need to utilize models representing different sponge lineages to describe sponge development, a prerequisite for deciphering evolution of metazoan developmental mechanisms.
A comparative 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging of experimental Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis and Staphylococcus epidermidis foreign-body-associated infection in the rabbit tibia
Authors: Lankinen Petteri , Lehtimäki Kaisa , Hakanen Antti J , Roivainen Anne , Aro Hannu T 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackground18F-FDG-PET imaging has emerged as a promising method in the diagnosis of chronic osteomyelitis commonly due toStaphylococcus aureus. The inaccuracy of18 F-FDG-PET in the detection of periprosthetic joint infections may be related to the predominance of low-virulentS. epidermidisstrains as the causative pathogen. We have compared the18F-FDG-PET characteristics ofS. aureusosteomyelitis and foreign-body-associatedS. epidermidisinfections under standardized laboratory conditions.MethodsTwenty-two rabbits were randomized into three groups. In group 1, a localized osteomyelitis model induced with a clinical strain ofS. aureuswas applied. In groups 2 and 3, a foreign-body-associated infection model induced with a clinical or laboratory strain ofS. epidermidiswas applied. A small block of bone cement was surgically introduced into the medullary cavity of the proximal tibia followed by peri-implant injection ofS. aureus(1 × 105 CFU/mL) or one of the twoS. epidermidis(1 × 109 CFU/mL) strains with an adjunct injection of aqueous sodium morrhuate. In group 1, the cement block was surgically removed at 2 weeks but left in place in groups 2 and 3 in order to mimic foreign-body-associatedS. epidermidisinfections. At 8 weeks, the animals were imaged using18 F-FDG PET/CT. The presence of bacterial infection was confirmed by cultures, and the severity of bone infections was graded by means of radiography, peripheral quantitative CT, and semi-quantitative histology.ResultsTheS. aureusstrain caused constantly culture-positive osteomyelitis. The clinicalS. epidermidisstrain resulted in foreign-body-associated infections, while the laboratoryS. epidermidisstrain (ATCC 35983) induced only occasionally culture-positive infections. There was a correlation (r = 0.645;P = 0.013) between semi-quantitative score of leukocyte infiltration and the18 F-FDG uptake in animals with positive cultures. Standardized uptake value (SUV) of the infected bones was twofold (P < 0.001) inS. aureusanimals compared withS. epidermidisanimals, but there was only a trend (P = 0.053, ANOVA) in the differences of the corresponding SUV ratios. This was due to the altered18 F-FDG uptake of the contralateral tibias probably reflecting a systemic impact of severe osteomyelitis.ConclusionThe peri-implant inoculation ofS. epidermidis, reflecting low virulence of the pathogen and limited leukocyte infiltration, was characterized by low18 F-FDG uptake.
Identification of novel human receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB isoforms generated through alternative splicing: implications in breast cancer cell survival and migration
Authors: Papanastasiou Anastasios D , Sirinian Chaido , Kalofonos Haralabos P 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Introduction
The receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) (RANK)/receptor activator of NF-kB ligand (RANKL) axis emerges as a key regulator of breast cancer initiation, progression and metastasis. RANK receptor is a tumor necrosis superfamily member, which upon ligand binding transduces a variety of survival, proliferation, differentiation and migration signals. The majority of these intracellular cues merge through the NF-kB transcription machinery.

Methods
TNFRSF11A (RANK) variants were identified and cloned in mammalian expression vectors. Their expression was analyzed using real time PCR on RNA from normal tissue, cell lines and breast cancer specimens. Western blot analysis and immunofluoresence stainings were used to study expression and localization of protein isoforms in a panel of breast cancer cell lines and in transfected 293T cells. Luciferase assays were employed to assess the contribution of each isoform alone or in combinations on NF-kB activation. Isoform effect on cell survival after doxorubicin treatment was analyzed through MTT assay. Wound healing and transwell assays were employed to evaluate the effect of TNFRSF11A isoforms on migration of MDA-MB-231 and 293T cells.

Results
We report the identification of three novel TNFRSF11A (RANK) variants, named TNFRSF11A_Δ9, TNFRSF11A_Δ8,9 and TNFRSF11A_Δ7,8,9 which result from the alternative splicing of exons 7 to 9. Interestingly, variant TNFRSF11A_Δ7,8,9 was found to be upregulated in breast cancer cells lines and its expression inversely correlated with tumor grade and proliferation index. TNFRSF11A_Δ7,8,9 encodes a 40-45 kDa protein, we named RANK-c, which lacks the transmembrane domain and most of the intracellular part of the wild type receptor. Furthermore, we showed that RANK-c could act as a dominant negative regulator of RANK-dependent NF-kB activation, affecting cell survival after apoptosis induction. In addition, RANK-c suppresses cell migration and represses the tumorigenic properties of invasive breast carcinoma cells.

Conclusions
In this study, we provide evidence of a complex regulatory network of RANK receptor splice variants with a role in breast cancer. We identify that the RANK-c isoform is expressed in breast cancer samples and its expression reversely correlates with histological grade. Finally, isoform RANK-c seems to have the capacity to regulate signaling through wild type RANK and moreover to inhibit cell motility and migration of breast cancer cells.
Integration von Vorwissen über Eigenschaften von Funktionen bei der Modellbildung
Authors: Gröll Lutz 
Published: July 2012

Zusammenfassung
Modelle können durch Einbeziehen von Vorwissen hinsichtlich Problemadäquatheit und Statistik verbessert werden. Hierzu ist das Vorwissen in eine für die Optimierung geeignete Form zu bringen. Modelle, die durch Funktionen beschrieben werden, stehen dabei im Fokus: statische Kennlinien, Dichtefunktionen, Sprungfunktionen, Kurven und nichtparametrische Darstellungen. Methoden für punkt- und intervallweise Restriktionen, Stetigkeits-, Differenzierbarkeitsrestriktionen, von Nichtnegativität, Monotonie, Konvexität, Unimodalität sowie von Symmetrie- und Sektorrestriktionen werden vorgestellt.
Bandbreitensteigerung von piezoelektrischen Energy Harvesting Systemen durch Magnetkräfte
Authors: Westermann Henrik , Neubauer Marcus , Wallaschek Jörg 
Published: July 2012

Zusammenfassung
Piezoelektrische Energy Harvesting Systeme zur Nutzung von Umgebungsenergie haben in den letzten Jahren an Bedeutung gewonnen. Viele vibrationserregte Wandler erzeugen die nötige Energiemenge nur, wenn sie in ihrer Eigenfrequenz angeregt werden. Magnetische Kräfte sind eine Möglichkeit die Energieausbeute zu verbessern. Dieser Beitrag stellt verschiedene Methoden dar durch nichtlineare Magnetkräfte die Bandbreite des Energy Harvestings zu verbessern.
Vorsteuerungs-Entwurf im Frequenzbereich: Offline oder Online
Authors: Zeitz Michael 
Published: July 2012

Zusammenfassung
Beim Vorsteuerungs-Entwurf muss unterschieden werden, ob die Solltrajektorien wie bei einem Arbeitspunktwechsel vorab geplant oder beispielsweise mit einem Joystick in Realzeit vorgegeben werden. Im ersten Fall werden die Trajektorien für die Vorsteuerung offline entworfen und in einer Look-up-Tabelle gespeichert. Der zweite Fall ist typisch für die Trajektorienfolge in Servosystemen und erfordert, dass die Generierung der Trajektorien für die Vorsteuerung online erfolgt. In dem Übersichtsbeitrag wird der Vorsteuerungs-Entwurf beispielhaft für lineare zeitinvariante SISO-Systeme im Frequenzbereich erläutert, wobei der Offline- und der Online-Fall betrachtet werden.
A Strictly Dissipative State Space Representation of Second Order Systems
Authors: Panzer Heiko , Wolf Thomas , Lohmann Boris 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
This article introduces a novel way of transforming linear second order systems to first order state space models in strictly dissipative realization. This property extends the potential for the analysis of large-scale systems in many ways: it allows for the application of efficient methods for the solution of Lyapunov equations and the guaranteed preservation of asymptotic stability during model order reduction. The transformation is easy to implement and applicable to models of very high order due to its negligible computational effort.
Two photoluminescent silver(I) saccharinate complexes: The formation of a potassium-oxygen cluster, and Ag ··· π and (O—H) ··· Ag interactions
Authors: Yeşilel Okan Zafer , Günay Güneş , Semerci Fatih , Erkmen Duygu 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Two new Ag(I)-saccharinate complexes, K[Ag(sac)2] · H2O (1) and [Ag(sac)(ina)] · 1.5 H2O (2) (sac = saccharinate and ina = isonicotinamide), have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectroscopy, thermal analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The silver atoms adopt a linear AgN2 geometry in each case defined by two sac ligands in 1, and one sac and one ina ligand in 2. In 1, the anionic complex units are linked into a two-dimensional array by two potassium atoms, forming an eight-membered bimetallic ring and a K2O10 potassium−oxygen cluster. Complex 2 shows rare (O—H) ··· Ag and (N—H) ··· Ag interactions. The molecules are connected by Ag ··· Csac (η3) interactions involväing the saccharinate-phenyl rings.
Monitoring phase behavior of hydrogen confined in carbon nanopores byin-situSmall Angle Neutron Scattering technique
Authors: Zhang Hongxin , He Lilin , Melnichenko Yuri B. , Contescu Cristian I. , Gallego Nidia C. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTWe report on the use ofin-situsmall angle neutron scattering (SANS) technique to study the phase behavior of hydrogen confined in narrow pores of ultramicroporous carbon (UMC) with a very large surface area (2630 m2/g) and pore volume (1.3 cm3/g). The effect of pore size and pressure on hydrogen adsorbed on UMC at room temperature and pressures up to ∼200 bar were investigated. In a previous experiment, we have measured the density of adsorbed H2gas in the nanopores and mesopores of polyfurfuryl alcohol-derived activated carbon (PFAC) by SANS technique. Here, a comparative SANS study between the UMC and PFAC was conducted in order to further investigate the densification of H2as a function of pore size and pressure. Initial results suggest that the density of confined H2in both UMC and PFAC is considerably higher than that of the bulk hydrogen gas. The density is systematically higher in the narrow pores and decreases with increasing pore size. These results clearly demonstrate the advantage of adsorptive storage over compressed gas storage and emphasize the greater efficiency of micropores over mesopores in the adsorption process, which can be used to guide the development of new carbon adsorbents tailored for maximum H2storage capacities at near-ambient temperatures.
ATLANTIC DIP: Closing the Loop
Authors: Owens Lisa A. , Avalos Gloria , Kirwan Breda , Carmody Louise , Dunne Fidelma 
Published: July 2012

OBJECTIVE
Prospective evaluation of pregnancy outcomes in women with pregestational diabetes over 6 years.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The ATLANTIC Diabetes in Pregnancy group provides care for women with diabetes throughout pregnancy. In 2007, the group identified that women were poorly prepared for pregnancy and outcomes were suboptimal. A change in practice occurred, offering women specialist-led, hub-and-spoke evidence-based care. We now compare outcomes from 2005 to 2007 with those from 2008 to 2010.

RESULTS
There was an increase in the numbers attending preconception care (28–52%, P = 0.01). Glycemic control before and throughout pregnancy improved. There was an overall increase in live births (74–92%, P &lt; 0.001) and decrease in perinatal mortality rate (6.2–0.65%, P &lt; 0.001). There was a decrease in large-for-gestational-age babies in mothers with type 1 diabetes mellitus (30–26%, P = 0.02). Elective caesarean section rates increased, while emergency section rates decreased.

CONCLUSIONS
Changing the process of clinical care delivery can improve outcomes in women with pregestational diabetes.
The Effect of Anesthetic Technique on Recovery After Orthognathic Surgery: A Retrospective Audit
Authors: Chegini Soudeh , Johnston Kevin D , Kalantzis Athanasios , Dhariwal Daljit K 
Published: July 2012

We audited the recovery characteristics of 51 patients who had undergone orthognathic maxillofacial surgery at a single center. Patients whose anesthesia had been maintained with intravenous propofol and remifentanil (n  =  21) had significantly higher pain scores during the first 4 hours after surgery than those whose anesthesia was maintained with volatile inhalational agents and longer-acting opioids (n  =  30) (P  =  .016). There was a nonsignificant trend towards shorter recovery times in the former group, while there were no differences in early postoperative opioid usage, hemodynamic parameters, or postoperative nausea and vomiting . Given that our data were collected retrospectively and without the ability to control for potential confounders, we interpret the results with caution. Notwithstanding these limitations, we believe this is the first report comparing the effects of different opioid-based anesthetic regimens on early recovery from orthognathic surgery, and we believe this report may be used as the starting point for a controlled study.
Effect of Lidocaine- and Prilocaine-Based Topical Anesthetics on the Inflammatory Exudates in Subcutaneous Tissue of Rats
Authors: Pochapski Márcia Thaís , Neto José Laufer , Jassen Jocélia Lago , Farago Paulo Vitor , Santos Fábio André 
Published: July 2012

The aim of this present study was to evaluate the irritative potential of 2 topical anesthetics used in intrapocket anesthesia for periodontal scaling/root planing when applied in subcutaneous tissue of rats. Sixty animals were divided into 4 groups: group 1, saline solution (control); group 2, poloxamer gel (thermosetting vehicle); group 3, lidocaine and prilocaine poloxamer thermosetting gel; group 4: EMLA, a lidocaine and prilocaine dermatological cream. Injections of 2% Evans blue were administrated intravenously into the lateral caudal vein. In order to analyze vascular permeability, the tested substances were injected intradermally. The rats were sacrificed 3, 6, and 9 hours after injection of the substances. The dorsal skin was dissected and removed. The vascular permeability was evaluated by the measurement of area of dye extravasation and the dye was subsequently extracted after immersion in formamide. Statistical analyses were made by ANOVA with Bonferroni's post hoc test and Pearson correlation. The 2 methods to analyze the exudative phase of the inflammatory process showed statistically significant difference among the groups and periods of evaluation (P < .05). Both methods had a significant correlation (P < .0001). Under the tested conditions, the anesthetic agents showed mild initial inflammatory response when implanted in subcutaneous connective tissue.
Holt-Oram Syndrome in a family from Eastern Nepal
Authors: Paudel Navaraj , Shrestha Nikesh Raj , Koirala Puru , Kafle Ram Chandra , Jaiswal Niraj Kumar , Thapa Sanjeev 
Published: July 2012

Holt-Oram Syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder with complete penetrance characterized by congenital cardiac defects and skeletal abnormalities of the upper limbs. Till now more than 300 cases have been reported showing wide spectrum of clinical signs but to the best of our knowledge, reporting of familial cases from Nepal has not been done. We found Holt-Oram syndrome in a 16 years old male patient with upper limb anomalies who was being evaluated for dyspnea and palpitation. Similar findings were later found in his two siblings. We recommend a thorough physical and cardiac evaluation for patients with limb anomalies who present with cardiac symptoms or history of recurrent pneumonias. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jaim.v1i2.6530 Journal of Advances in Internal Medicine 2012;01(02):70-72
Mucormycosis in diabetes mellitus
Authors: Khatiwada Prashant , Giri Aditi , Khatiwoda Prasana 
Published: July 2012

Mucormycosis is an opportunistic fulminant fungal infection, which mainly infects immunocompromised patients. Infection with mucormycosis can cause devastating rhino-orbital-cerebral and pulmonary infection with an extremely poor prognosis. The infection begins in the nose and paranasal sinuses due to inhalation of fungal spores. We report a case of mucormycosis in an uncontrolled diabetic patient to emphasize early diagnosis of this potentially fatal fungal infection. Rhino-orbitalcerebral mucormycosis is the most common manifestation in patients with diabetes mellitus. We also review the current concepts in management of mucormycosis. Mucormycosis remains difficult to treat and requires a multifaceted approach involving elimination of predisposing factors, surgical debridement, and anti-fungal therapy. Lipid formulations of Amphotericin B are the treatments of choice. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jaim.v1i2.6531 Journal of Advances in Internal Medicine 2012;01(02):73-75
Complications of Protective Ileostomy in Emergency Surgery- A Study of 50 Cases
Authors: Roy HR , Basunia MA , Quayum MA 
Published: July 2012

The temporary proximal loop or end ileostomy is considered suitable to protect a distal anastomosis following surgery for gangrene or perforation of terminal ileum with faecal peritonitis and colorectal surgery. This technique is, however, associated with failure, complications and even mortality. The aim of this study was to quantify retrospectively the morbidity associated with an ileostomy and its subsequent closure. Fifty patients with a temporary ileostomy, created between July 2007 and December 2009 were retrospectively analyzed from a review of patient records. All operations of ileostomy closure were done after a median period of 106 days (interquartile range: 69174 days). Stoma related morbidity occurred in 26(52%) patients. After ileostomy closure, 21 major complications were seen in 10(20%) patients and 28 minor complications occurred in 17(34%) patients. Sixteen (32%) patients had neither stoma-related morbidity or peri- or postoperative complications after stoma closure. Protective proximal ileostomy was found to be associated with a high morbidity. This raises the question of the mode of identifying the specific patients with an ileal perforation/gangrene or low anastomosis who should be provided an ileostomy for protection, set against the potential complications of the formation and closure of the ileostomy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v29i4.11325 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2011; 29: 196-200
Efficacy of Oral Itraconazole in the Treatment of Seborrheic Dermatitis
Authors: Khondker L , Choudhury AM , Wahab MA , Khan MSI 
Published: July 2012

Background: Seborrheic dermatitis is a common papulosquamous dermatosis and occurring in 2% to 5% of the population. The prevalence of seborrheic dermatitis among HIV-positive and AIDS patients between 34% and 83%. The anti-inflammatory activity of oral itraconazole and efficacy on Malessezia suggests that itraconazole capsule will be the first oral treatment option in future in seborrheic dermatitis. Unfortunately there is no data base study with the efficacy of oral itraconazole for the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis over Bangladeshi people.Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of itraconazole in the treatment of Seborrheic dermatitis.Methods: This was an interventional type of study and total thirty seven patients of seborrheic dermatitis from department of Dermatology and Venereology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) was enrolled. The study was carried out for a period of two years from January 2008 to December 2009 and purposive type non-probability sampling technique was followed in this study.Results: The scoring of seborrhea was 6.33±1.15 before treatment and 4.33 ±3.21 after treatment, scoring of itching was 6.66 ±1.49 before treatment and 3.61 ±2.70 after treatment and scoring of greasy crust was 7.12 ±2.70 before treatment and 4.00 ±3.16 after treatment. It was observed that before treatment, erythema was severe in 43.2% cases, moderate in 51.4% cases and mild type erythema was present in 5.4% cases. And after treatment, 29.7% had severe type erythema, no patient had moderate type erythema, only 43.2% had mild type and 27% cases had no erythema at all. Before treatment, papular eruption was severe in 27% cases, moderate in 54.1% cases and only 18.9% had mild type papular eruption. But after treatment, 10.8% had severe type, 18.9% had moderate, 51.4% had mild and 18.9% had no papular eruption at all. It was observed that before treatment, squamation was severe in 37.8% cases and moderate in 62.2% cases. But after treatment, 18.9% had severe type squamation, 10.8% had moderate, 45.9% had mild and 24.3% had no squamation. Improvement was shown in 26(70.27%) cases and 11(29.73%) cases shown no improvement at all.Conclusion: The study suggests that oral itraconazole has significant efficacy profile for treatment option of seborrheic dermatitis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v29i4.11326 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2011; 29: 201-206