bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Music on Repetitive Disruptive Vocalizations of Persons With Dementia
Authors: Casby Julie A. , Holm Margo B. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Objective. This study examined the effect of classical music and favorite music on the repetitive disruptive vocalizations of long-term-care facility (LTCF) residents with dementia of the Alzheimer’s type (DAT).
Method. Three subjects diagnosed with DAT who had a history of repetitive disruptive vocalizations were selected for the study. Three single-subject withdrawal designs (ABA, ACA, and ABCA) were used to assess subjects’ repetitive disruptive vocalizations during each phase: no intervention (A); relaxing, classical music (B); and favorite music (C).
Results. Classical music and favorite music significantly decreased the number of vocalizations in two of the three subjects (p &lt; .05).
Conclusion. These findings support a method that was effective in decreasing the disruptive vocalization pattern common in those with DAT in the least restrictive manner, as mandated by the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987.
Cerebrovascular Accident: Relationship of Demographic, Diagnostic, and Occupational Therapy Antecedents to Rehabilitation Outcomes
Authors: Brodie Joanne , Holm Margo B. , Tomlin George S. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Objective. This study was conducted to identify factors that were significant in predicting occupational therapy treatment choices and discharge outcomes after inpatient rehabilitation for 112 patients who had experienced a cerebrovascular accident.
Method. A retrospective descriptive study was conducted.
Results. According to discriminant function analysis, the cerebrovascular accident disability Score (i.e., level of functional disability) during the initial evaluation period was the predictor of discharge outcomes with the most clinical significance. A greater proportion of occupational therapy assessment units was the most influential occupational therapy factor associated with a positive discharge outcome. In one inpatient rehabilitation setting, a greater proportion of occupational therapy intervention for all study subjects was directed at the level of impairment compared to the level of disability.
Conclusion. Shorter inpatient stays, as well as shifts to outpatient rehabilitation, may require occupational therapists to examine whether intervention at the level of impairment or disability yields the best functional outcomes for patients who have sustained a cerebrovascular accident.
Stability and Change in Functional Assessment of Patients With Geropsychiatric Disorders
Authors: Rogers Joan c. , Holm Margo B. , Goldstein Gerald , McCue Michael , Nussbaum Paul D. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Objectives. Functional assessments of patients with geropsychiatric disorders accomplished by self-rating, informant rating, and performance test were compared.
Method. Fifty-eight inpatients with major depression or progressive dementia were evaluated on three occasions over 6 months with informant and patient versions of the Activities of Daily Living Scale of the Older Americans Resources and Services Multidimensional Functional Assessment (OARS-ADL) and with the Performance Assessment of Self-Care Skills (PASS).
Results. Patients’ scores became significantly worse (p &lt; .01) on the informant version of the OARS-ADL and the PASS. Self-ratings with the OARS-ADL did not worsen significantly (p &gt; .05).
Conclusion. Agreement between informant rating and performance test concerning functional status of patients with dementia was good. Elderly patients with depression may experience subtle deterioration that only becomes apparent on performance tests.
A Prediction Model of Performance in Level II Fieldwork in Physical Disabilities
Authors: Best Christopher E. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Objectives. A prediction model of performance in physical disabilities fieldwork was generated with grades received in the occupational therapy curriculum and in prerequisite courses.
Method. Grades included those from functional anatomy, neuroanatomy, physical disabilities lecture, physical disabilities clinic, and prerequisite anatomy and physiology courses. Sampling was done collectively over graduated occupational therapy classes from 1987 to 1992 at the University of Puget Sound. A multiple regression analysis was performed and prediction equations were generated far each subscale of the Fieldwork Evaluation for the Occupational Therapist. Equations for combinations of the subscale categories were also produced.
Results. Adjusted R2 values were found to be less than 10% in all equations.
Conclusion. This poor ability of grades to predict fieldwork performance suggests that future investigation be focused on variables other than grades. Such variables might include student motivation, rapport between the student and fieldwork supervisor, and hospital experience in physical disabilities.
Interrater Reliability of the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales: Fine Motor Scale
Authors: Gebhard Ann R. , Ottenbacher Kenneth J. , Lane Shelly J. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Objective. The interrater reliability of the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales (PDMS) fine motor scale was examined in 23 children with developmental disabilities who were between 2 years and 5 years of age.
Method. Three occupational therapists viewed videotapes of the children and scored each child’s performance on the fine motor section of the test. Data were analyzed with the intraclass correlation (ICC) approach; ICC values ranged from 0.90 to 0.97 for the subskills of Grasping, Hand Use, Eye–Hand Coordination, and Manual Dexterity.
Results. The ICC interrater reliability value for the total fine motor score was 0.99. Reliability values were additionally computed with the PDMS fine motor scale age-equivalent scores and Z scores. The ICC values for these methods of scoring the PDMS were 0.99 and 1.00, respectively.
Conclusion. The PDMS fine motor scale can be used consistently to evaluate fine motor delays in this population of young children.
Doing Occupational Therapy: Dimensions of Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction
Authors: Hasselkus Betty Risteen , Dickie Virginia Allen 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Objectives. A phenomenological study was conducted to gain understanding of the nature of the lived experience of doing occupational therapy.
Method. One hundred and forty-eight occupational therapists nationwide were asked to describe especially satisfying and dissatisfying experiences of practice. The resulting narrative data were analyzed with dimensional analysis techniques.
Results. With the metaphor of therapy as story, three overarching dimensions of practice were derived from the narrative data: Change, Community, and Craft. The dimension of Change is strongly related to the ending or outcome of the story, Community encompasses the harmony or disharmony of the interrelationships in the shared story, and Craft includes both the skills of therapy and the broader core experience of doing therapy.
Conclusion. These findings are complementary to the three-track mind discussed in the clinical reasoning study and contribute further to our understanding of the experience of doing occupational therapy.
Moral Treatment: How a Caring Practice Lost Its Rationale
Authors: Peloquin Suzanne M. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The 19th-century practices of moral treatment and phrenology serve as historical examples of a narrowing focus in health care and reveal the manner in which theories can shape practice. The story of moral treatment, as it is told in connection with phrenology, emphasizes the push for success and right solutions. The push followed several shifts in the conceptualization of mental illness, the last of which proved moral therapy unreasonable. If practitioners in this century hope to ensure that the heart of moral treatment will withstand the effects of ever-changing theories, they must hold caring attitudes, words, and actions at the center of their practice.
Neglect in Three Dimensions
Authors: Kageyama Shigehisa , Imagase Miyuki , Okubo Mayumi , Takayama Yoshihiro 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Objectives. Neglect in vertical and radial directions is rarely evaluated systematically in patients with brain damage.
Method and Results. Using the line bisection task, we confirmed that some patients with unilateral brain damage manifest vertical or radial spatial neglect. In fact, patients with severe left horizontal neglect tend to have severe vertical neglect.
Conclusion. Because vertical and radial neglect may affect the ability to perform functional daily activities, occupational therapists need to address the existence of vertical and radial neglect when evaluating and training patients with brain damage.
The Effects of Casting on Upper Extremity Motor Disorders After Brain Injury
Authors: Hill Judy 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Objectives. This study compares casting to traditional techniques, such as passive range of motion, static stretch, and splinting, in the treatment of the hypertonic upper extremity in individuals with severe brain injury.
Method. Fifteen subjects with brain injury were randomly assigned to one of two groups. One group received a month of casting followed by a month of traditional therapy; the second group received 1 month of traditional therapy followed by casting. The subjects’ limbs were evaluated for range of motion, clinical indications of spasticity, and functional use of the extremity at three intervals – before intervention. after the first month of intervention, and after the second month of intervention. Two sample t-tests and paired t-tests were used in data analysis.
Results. All but one subject showed a greater improvement in range of motion with casting than with traditional treatment; 11 subjects showed a greater improvement in clinical measures of spasticity with casting. There was no apparent correlation between these measures and functional use of the extremity.
Conclusion. These findings suggest that casting is more effective than traditional techniques in reducing contracture and in decreasing hypertonicity in some cases. The greater improvements in these motor indicators with casting did not translate into greater gains in functional use of the upper extremities.
Illness Behavior After Severe Brain Injury: Two Case Reports
Authors: Giles Gordon Muir 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This paper introduces the concept of illness behavior to occupational therapists working with patients with acquired neurological impairments. The paper presents two case reports of patents with unequivocal severe brain trauma who demonstrated help-seeking and dependency behaviors that could not he accounted for by brain damage alone. Incorporating the illness behavior concept in an understanding of the patients’ behavior difficulties assisted in the development of an appropriate treatment plan and interventions. This paper emphasizes that severe neurological sequelae and illness behavior may coexist in the same patient. Without an understating of the personality and environmental factors that may influence recovery, rehabilitative efforts may be less than optimally effective.
Technology for Adults With Multiple Impairments: A Trilogy of Case Reports
Authors: Bailey Diana M. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Three persons with severe physical and cognitive impairments, residents of a facility for persons with mental retardation, learned to use switch-controlled assistive devices. Previous case reports have described the technology and techniques used to enable these women to explore their surroundings. Material was collected, organized, and analyzed in three sections: clients, powered devices, and treatment approaches. The purpose was to affirm tenets that often provide the basis for treatment when powered activities are used in occupational therapy with adults with severe impairments. Client enthusiasm, responsiveness, and stamina can be predictive of success in using technology. Powered devices can elicit a client’s drive for competence, aid therapists in assessing the cognitive level of adults with extreme physical disability, and allow persons with multiple impairments to interact with objects in their environment. When clients learn to use powered devices, success will be self-perpetuating. Persons with multiple impairments using powered devices are well served by conditional clinical reasoning.
A Competency-Based Training Program in Early Intervention
Authors: Hinojosa Jim , Moore Deborah S. , Sabari Joyce S. , Doctor Rochelle G. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This paper describes a federally funded training program developed to prepare entry-level occupational therapists to deliver early intervention services. The program had two phases. Phase I was designed to provide occupational therapy supervisors with advanced skills for supervising and teaching the students about the provision of early intervention services. These skills were specific supervisory strategies and learning techniques designed to facilitate optimal communication between the student, the supervisor, and the academic faculty members, as well as to facilitate consistency of information between workshops and practices in the clinic. Phase II involved a 12-week clinical fieldwork experience for the students in an early intervention program combined with didactic programs at the university. Both supervisors and students provided feedback on the program.
Supervisors reported that the training strengthened their supervisory skills and techniques. Students reported that the training helped them to clarify the role of occupational therapy in early intervention and that they had developed skills critical to providing family-centered early intervention. These skills included both providing direct treatment to children and working in partnership with families and caregivers.
Ethnographic Analysis: A Study of Classroom Environments
Authors: Griswold Lou Ann Sooy 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Objectives. Occupational therapists assess and adapt an environment to enhance clients’ abilities to function. Therapists working in schools may assess several classroom environments in a week. Identifying relevant information in an efficient manner is essential yet presents a challenge for school therapists.
Method. In this study, ethnographic research methodology was used to analyze the plethora of data gained from observations in eight classrooms.
Results. Three major categories were identified to structure observations: activities, people, and communication. These categories were used to compile a Classroom Observation Guide that gives therapists relevant questions to ask in each category.
Conclusion. Using the Classroom Observation Guide, occupational therapists can recommend classroom activities that suit a particular teacher’s style. For example, working with a teacher who prefers structured activities with clear time and space boundaries for one specific purpose, a therapist might suggest organized sensorimotor games with a distinct purpose to be carried out for a given time period.
A Meal Preparation Treatment Protocol for Adults With Brain Injury
Authors: Neistadt Maureen E. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Adults with acquired brain injury often demonstrate dysfunction in meal preparation due to deficits in component cognitive–perceptual skills. Although occupational therapy for these clients routinely includes meal preparation training, there are no protocols in the occupational therapy literature to help structure that activity to address clients’ cognitive–perceptual deficits. This paper describes a meal preparation treatment protocol based on cognitive–perceptual information processing theory that has been pilot tested in a treatment outcome study with adult men with traumatic or anoxic acquired brain injury. In that study, the group of 23 subjects treated with this meal preparation protocol showed significant improvement in their meal preparation skill, as measured by the Rabideau Kitchen Evaluation-Revised (RKE-R), a test of meal preparation skill, and in their cognitive–perceptual skill, as measured by the WAIS-R Block Design Test. The treatment protocol includes descriptions of the structure, grading, and cuing methods for light meal preparation activities.
Interdisciplinary Team Approach in the Rehabilitation of Hip and Knee Arthroplasties
Authors: Erickson Barbara , Perkins Max 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Use of an interdisciplinary case management team approach in the treatment of patients with hip or knee arthroplasty has resulted in a decrease in length of stay and achievement of functional outcomes at the authors’ center. Case management was used to standardize patient care and to measure each patient’s progress toward independence against established criteria of treatment outcomes. Outcomes established for physical therapy were ambulation distance, performance of a home exercise program, stair climbing, amount of active knee flexion (for knee arthroplasties), and incorporation of hip precautions. Outcomes for occupational therapy were bed mobility, chair transfers, toilet transfers, and activities of daily living with emphasis on lower extremity dressing. The case management team consists of an occupational therapist, an occupational therapy assistant, a physical therapist, and two nurses. The specific role of the occupational therapy personnel in this team approach is to maximize, by discharge, a patient’s functional level of independence in activities of daily living. Data from a 6-month period indicated that occupational therapy goals were achieved for 79% of the 33 knee arthroplasty patients and 73% of the 37 hip arthroplasty patients.
COMPETE: A Model for Vocational Evaluation, Training, Employment, and Community for Integration for Persons With Cognitive Impairments
Authors: Mann William C. , Svorai Susan Braun 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This paper describes a job skills training program for young adults with cognitive impairments called COMPETE, an acronym for Computer Preparation: Evaluation, Training, and Employment. Participants in COMPETE trained in use of information-age machines, (e g., computers, fax machines). The 3-year demonstration project resulted in successful placement of 17 of 27 persons who were unemployed before entering the program.
The Effect of Oral Support on Sucking Efficiency in Preterm Infants
Authors: Einarsson-Backes Lynn M. , Deitz Jean , Price Robert , Glass Robin , Hays Ross 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Objective. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of oral support on feeding efficiency in preterm infants who were identified by the medical team as poor feeders.
Method. Thirteen premature infants between 34 and 40 weeks’ postconceptional age were selected from a group of infants at Children’s Hospital and Medical Center in Seattle, Washington. They were fed twice within a 26-hr period, once with oral support and once without. The order of occurrence of these two conditions was randomly selected without replacement to assure that an equal number of both conditions occurred during the first feed. Only the first 2 min of the feed were used in data analysis.
Results. A statistically significant difference (z = − 2.62, p &lt; .01, two-tailed) in volume intake occurred between the oral support condition (M = 10.9 cc) and the no oral support condition (M = 4.8 cc).
Conclusion. This study validates the use of oral support as an effective treatment technique to enhance sucking efficiency in preterm infants.
A Global Perspective on Feeding Assessment in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Glass Robin P. , Wolf Lynn S. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
A comprehensive assessment of feeding performance of infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) includes not only the traditional approaches of evaluating oral motor control and sensory responses but also evaluation of other factors. Infant feeding is a highly complex and integrated process involving numerous body systems. A global assessment would determine the infant’s feeding function in the key areas of state and behavior, tactile responses, motoric control, oral motor function, physiologic control, and coordination of Sucking, swallowing, and breathing. Information is obtained through skilled clinical observation as well as from technological monitors or medical tests and procedures. This article provides an overview of a comprehensive assessment that occupational therapists may use when providing service to infants in the NICU.
Parent and Occupational Therapist Collaboration in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Holloway Elise 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Medical care of infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is so complex that professionals have been almost exclusively responsible for providing care to the infants and information to their families. Although federal law now mandates early intervention programs and service providers to include families in decision making and treatment implementation for their children, family-centered care has generally not been implemented in the NICU. This article offers suggestions for occupational therapists from members of the Parent Connection, an NICU parent support group. They state that a therapist can have the greatest effect on an infant’s development by helping the parents develop skills to nuture their infant the way that they choose.
Developing Competency in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Hospital Training Program
Authors: Hyde Ann S. , Jonkey Barbara W. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
There are few specialized programs available to train occupational therapists and physical therapists to treat competently in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), yet hospitals are trying to fill such positions and the need for advanced training is essential. A hospital-based program that provides clinical NICU training to therapists from other hospitals is presented. The program is short-term and highly individualized and emphasizes learning pertinent medical information, nonintrusive evaluation skills, and therapeutic intervention with advanced clinical judgment.
Dreams, Dilemmas, and Decisions for Occupational Therapy Practice in a New Millennium: An American Perspective
Authors: Yerxa Elizabeth J. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This article presents the assumption that the 21st century will have characteristics that are important to occupational therapists and the persons they serve. These characteristics include increases in chronicity, knowledge of human purpose, complexity of living, emphasis on personal power, awareness of demands from the environments where persons live and work, and a new conceptualization of health as persons’ capacities to achieve goals through a repertoire of skills. The 21st century can lead into the millennium of occupation because occupational therapists can help persons become their own agents of competency, remove social barriers to their self-definition, and thrive in their environments.
The Ecology of Human Performance: A Framework for Considering the Effect of Context
Authors: Dunn Winnie , Brown Catana , McGuigan Ann 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
In theory and in practice, context (as an area of concern to occupational therapists) has not received the same attention as performance components and performance areas. The Ecology of Human performance serves as a framework for considering the effect of context. Context is described as a lens from which persons view their world. The interrelationship of person and context determines which tasks fall within the person’s performance range. The Ecology of Human Performance framework provides guidelines for encompassing context in occupational therapy theory, practice, and research.