bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case History: Lessons Learned From Retrieval of Coiled Tubing Stuck by Massive Hydrate Plug When Well Testing in an Ultradeepwater Gas Well in Mexico
Authors: Arrieta Victor Vallejo , Torralba Aciel Olivares , Hernandez Pablo Crespo , García Eduardo Rafael , Maia Claudio Tigre , Guajardo Michael 
Published: December 2011

Summary
A well-testing operation was performed to confirm productivity potential in an ultradeepwater area where a 5,660-ft exploratory well had been drilled. This was a gas well drilled from a semisubmersible drilling rig. Because well testing from semisubmersible rigs is a critical and sensitive operation, all planning had been carefully reviewed by the operator to ensure a safe, environmentally friendly operation.
The formation of hydrate plugs during ultradeepwater well testing is a critical concern because water can be trapped and form a solid crystalline structure around gas when there are low temperatures near the mudline. This hydrate formation is a common occurrence in deepwater drilling operations, particularly while using water-based mud. Thermodynamic inhibition may not be effective in these cases because several limitations in achieving the required injection rate exist.
Oilwell testing operations in deep and ultradeep water have become common practice around the world, and vast experience with these types of operations has been acquired; experience with gas wells, however, has not been as comprehensive, and only a few gas wells have been tested under the conditions presented in this type of scenario. Because of the low number of gas wells tested in these deepwater conditions, best-practice information is limited.
The intention of this paper is to present a case history and the lessons learned during a well-testing operation in which water production in the gas well was greater than anticipated during the cleanup period. A massive hydrate plug was formed while coiled tubing was being pulled out of hole, and the coiled tubing became stuck. The steps taken to free the coiled tubing will be discussed, and the discussion will include the following: Conditions that must be present to form hydratesHow the problem in this case was resolvedHow to help prevent hydrate formationBest practices for well testing in deepwater gas wells to maintain safety and economic viability
This case history discusses a gas well being drilled with a semisubmersible drilling rig in ultradeep water, offshore Mexico.
Modeling of Hydraulic-Fracture-Network Propagation in a Naturally Fractured Formation
Authors: Weng X. , Kresse O. , Cohen C. , Wu R. , Gu H. 
Published: December 2011

Summary
Hydraulic fracturing in shale-gas reservoirs has often resulted in complex-fracture-network growth, as evidenced by microseismic monitoring. The nature and degree of fracture complexity must be understood clearly to optimize stimulation design and completion strategy. Unfortunately, the existing single-planar-fracture models used in the industry today are not able to simulate complex fracture networks.
A new hydraulic-fracture model is developed to simulate complex-fracture-network propagation in a formation with pre-existing natural fractures. The model solves a system of equations governing fracture deformation, height growth, fluid flow, and proppant transport in a complex fracture network with multiple propagating fracture tips. The interaction between a hydraulic fracture and pre-existing natural fractures is taken into account by using an analytical crossing model and is validated against experimental data. The model is able to predict whether a hydraulic-fracture front crosses or is arrested by a natural fracture it encounters, which leads to complexity. It also considers the mechanical interaction among the adjacent fractures (i.e., the "stress shadow" effect). An efficient numerical scheme is used in the model so it can simulate the complex problem in a relatively short computation time to allow for day-to-day engineering design use.
Simulation results from the new complex-fracture model show that stress anisotropy, natural fractures, and interfacial friction play critical roles in creating fracture-network complexity. Decreasing stress anisotropy or interfacial friction can change the induced-fracture geometry from a biwing fracture to a complex fracture network for the same initial natural fractures. The results presented illustrate the importance of rock fabrics and stresses on fracture complexity in unconventional reservoirs. These results have major implications for matching microseismic observations and improving fracture stimulation design.
A Novel Forecasting Tool for Water Alternative Gas (WAG) Floods
Authors: Mollaei Alireza , Delshad Mojdeh 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Water alternating gas (WAG) processes have been successfully performed as an oenhanced oil recovery (EOR) method. The main purpose is to increase the sweep efficiency of miscible/immiscible gas flooding by reducing the mobility ratio between injected gas and the formation oil which is the major problem in solvent EOR floods with very poor sweep and early gas breakthrough. Forecasting the WAG performance using fast and robust analytical techniques are of great importance to study and better design the EOR projects as an alternative to very costly and time consuming numerical simulation. In this study we present a novel approach to predict the performance of WAG processes based on a general isothermal EOR forecasting model.
We have developed a general isothermal EOR forecasting tool using fundamental principles of material balance, segregated flow and fractional flux. The effects of mobility ratio, miscibility conditions, heterogeneity and WAG ratio are all incorporated using Koval fractional flux model with its general applicability to even extremely heterogeneous formations. The validity of our WAG forecasting tool was confirmed by matching numerous fields and pilots WAG projects and also numerical simulation results.
For forecasting purposes, we have developed proxy models for both Koval factor (called effective mobility ratio) and final average oil saturation as a function of reservoir and process variables such as reservoir pressure, heterogeneity, and WAG ratio. Numerous WAG simulation scenarios were designed and history matched by the forecasting model. The strength of the correlations between the forecasting model parameters (Koval factor and final average oil saturation) and reservoir/process variables confirms the ability of the model for forecasting in addition to history matching.
The forecasting tool provides time evolutions of key flood performances such as average oil saturation, cumulative oil recovery, oil cut, oil rate, recovery efficiency and volumetric sweep for miscible/immiscible WAG EOR processes. The volumetric sweep efficiency predictions enable us to study the sweep efficiency of the miscible flood that has a major impact on the success of gas flooding projects. In addition it is able to predict the oil bank creation, existence and durability of the miscible slug that greatly affects the WAG results.
Efficiently Developing Fayetteville Shale Gas Reserves: Percussion Drilling Solves Application Challenges/Reduces Drilling Costs
Authors: Ford Robert , Stone Andy , Spedale Angelo , Slaughter Robert , Swadi Shantanu , Dewey Charles 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Activity in the Fayetteville Shale Gas play on the northern Arkansas side of the Arkoma Basin is gaining momentum and is now rated as the second largest shale gas play in the USA. The Fayetteville prospect is attractive because the thickest part (up to 200ft) of the Mississippian reservoir is encountered at relatively shallow depths (less than 7,000ft). It is also appealing because of its large areal extent estimated at approximately 9,000 square miles. Recently, the operator completed several high-flowing gas producers in White County that highlight the prolific nature of the shale deposit.
The multiple wells required to efficiently develop the gas reserves are usually drilled from one pad. To reduce costs and hel p maintain hole verticality, the operator is drilling the surface and vertical intermediate hole sections with percussion air tools. The advantages of drilling with air as the circulating medium rather than mud are significant. Percussion drilling delivers faster penetration rates (ROP) compared to rollercone and reduces mud costs and incidence of lost circulation
Challenges in the intermediate section include potential hole deviation from vertical and lithology/formation issues. The overburden is composed of highly interbedded shale and hard and abrasive sandstone which can significantly reduce bit life. The sandstone section is responsible for dulling the hammer bit’s cutting structure, reducing its ability to accumulate additional footage while slowing ROP. Historically, the hole section has required up to four bits to reach section TD.
To extend hammer bit life and increase total footage capabilities, an innovative overlapping/adjacent gauge row layout was designed and manufactured. The new hammer bit was run with outstanding results. An engineering analysis was performed comparing the average footage drilled with the new-style bit on 73 runs to 196 runs with conventional hammer bits. Utilizing the new bit technology enabled the operator to drill approximately 58% more footage at high ROP. The increased durability has reduced the number of bits/trips required to complete the interval. The authors will give an overview of the area, outli ne application challenges and document the operator’s time and cost savings.
Eagle Ford Shale: A Multi-Stage Hydraulic Fracturing, Completion Trends and Production Outcome Study Using Practical Data Mining Techniques
Authors: Centurion Sergio 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The Eagle Ford Shale is a hydrocarbon-producing formation, located in the state of Texas, and it is a discovery type called unconventional shale oil and gas. Eagle Ford Shale is considered a recent discovery because the drilling and completion activities began significantly only around 2009. The main difference between this and other formations of the same type is its ability to produce gas and liquid hydrocarbon. For many reasons, including its high mineralogical heterogeneity, uncertainty about its development is present, and the associated risk of efficient well construction and completion is considered high.
This paper summarizes the information for about approximately 1,000 hydraulic fracturing stages performed in the Eagle Ford shale formation and documents a data-mining study of well, multistage hydraulic fracture treatments, production parameters and completion techniques. A Geographical Information System (GIS) pattern-recognition technique was used to map and plot well data. This work took advantage of a large and rich well and production data set available from the Eagle Ford Shale, which was associated with each well completed in this area.
As the successful development of this reservoir has relied in the combination of horizontal drilling, multistage completions and innovative hydraulic fracturing, the results and conclusions found here can be applied as a part of an overall optimization on each stage of the completion process in this area.
The conclusions of this paper lead us to actual and hidden trends in the multistage hydraulic fracturing techniques applied here as well as the completion steps. They also identify parameters that can impact and improve understanding of these processes.
Case History: Challenges Using Ultraviolet Light to Control Bacteria in Marcellus Completions
Authors: Rodvelt G. , Yeager V. , Hyatt M. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Covering nearly 60 million acres in New York, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Ohio, and Kentucky, the Marcellus formation is a proven gas resource for years to come. The keys to unlocking the hydrocarbons trapped in this deep shale are horizontal drilling and high-volume water fracturing. Large amounts of water are needed to perform the completions and must be treated to control bacterial growth. Previously, the only method available was the use of chemical aids, which could represent a health hazard during operations in storage, addition, and recovery of returned fluids. The use of a new, environmentally acceptable process that has shown the ability to kill 99.9% of the bacteria in fracturing water is presented. Disinfection is accomplished on-the-fly while pumping downhole at normal job rates as required by design. Conditions for optimum kill are detailed, along with case histories from jobs that used the process. In addition, a solution is detailed for locations with substandard makeup water to accomplish high kill rates when pumping on-the-fly. The units used were truck-mounted to help ensure access to any locations that fracturing equipment could access.
Field Demonstration of an Integrated Water Treatment Technology Solution in Marcellus Shale
Authors: Bruff Matthew , Jikich Sinisha A. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The U.S. Department of Energy’s National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) awarded a cooperative agreement to Altela, Inc., and its partners Argonne National Laboratory, BLX, Inc. and CWM Environmental, Inc. with the goal to provide an integrated approach to address the increasing water resource conflict between natural gas production and the interests of water stakeholders located within shale gas basins.
The objective was to demonstrate that the AltelaRain® technology could be successfully deployed in the Marcellus Shale Basin to treat frac flow-back water. Specific goals of the project included field-proof that: 1) the regulatory environment would support implementation of the water treatment technology solution; 2) the technology was capable of treating highly challenged Marcellus frac water to water quality standards required for discharge and/or applicable beneficial re-use; and 3) the technology could economically treat the frac water at a cost equal to or lower than current disposal methods.
Effects of Increased Reporting Frequency on Nonprofessional Investors' Earnings Predictions
Authors: Pitre Terence J. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT
More frequent financial reporting has been a topic of debate for many years. However, little evidence exists about the possible effects of more frequent reporting on investors' decision making. Using a between-subjects experiment, this study analyzes how altering the timing or frequency of earnings reports—weekly, as opposed to quarterly, reports—affects the accuracy and dispersion of earnings predictions by nonprofessional investors. This is important, since regulators have identified nonprofessionals as a significant audience for financial reports. I hypothesize and find that more frequent reporting results in less accurate predictions and greater variance, particularly when a strong seasonal pattern exists. Finally, investors in the more-frequent reporting condition self-reported that they were more influenced by older historical data—suggesting primacy effects—while those in the less-frequent reporting condition self-reported that they were more influenced by the newer historical data, suggesting recency effects.
Data Availability: Data are available from the author on request.
Firm-Level Formalization and Auditor Performance on Complex Tasks
Authors: Stuart Iris C. , Prawitt Douglas F. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT
Formalization has been studied in a variety of contexts and continues to be a relevant and important construct. This study compares the performance of auditors from two public accounting firms with different degrees of formalization in their audit decision processes on four different tasks characterized by low or high levels of complexity. Results indicate that performance depends on the interaction between task complexity and degree of firm formalization. For the two less-complex tasks, auditors from both firms demonstrate comparable performance. In contrast, for the two relatively complex tasks, auditors from the less formalized firm outperform auditors from the more formalized firm. We argue that the use of less formalized processes affords increased opportunities for auditors to learn underlying concepts and to exercise judgment. These results contribute to the existing body of research, indicating that the decision to employ different levels of formalization can significantly impact the development of a firm's human resources.
An Examination of the Effect of Positive and Negative Performance on the Relative Weighting of Strategically and Non-Strategically Linked Balanced Scorecard Measures
Authors: Kaplan Steven E. , Petersen Michael J. , Samuels Janet A. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT
Kaplan and Norton (1992 1996)) espouse that performance measures in a balanced scorecard (BSC) should be linked to strategy. However, the BSCs of many firms include both strategically linked and non-strategically linked measures. Banker et al. (2004) provide initial evidence on evaluators' weightings of strategically linked (SL) and non-strategically linked (NSL) measures when evaluating performance in settings in which managers always performed better than the target level on every performance measure. They found that when evaluators have a sufficient understanding of the firm's strategy, they weight SL measures more than NSL measures when evaluating performance. The purpose of the current study is to examine performance evaluations when, relative to the target level of performance, managers exhibit favorable performance on some measures and unfavorable performance on other measures. We contend that evaluators will exhibit a negativity bias such that negative performance information is weighted more heavily than positive performance information for both SL and NSL measures. Consequently, we predict that the findings from Banker et al. (2004) will not hold in settings involving unfavorable performance. Specifically, when performance on NSL measures is unfavorable for one manager, we find that NSL measures are weighted more than SL measures. Implications of this finding for theory and practice are discussed.
Data Availability: Data are available upon request.
An Integrated Approach to Beginning Financial Accounting and Finance Courses
Authors: McWilliams Victoria B. , Peters Michael F. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT
In response to external pressures for a business curriculum that recognizes how business decisions are made, the Villanova School of Business has a six-credit-hour, team-taught course that integrates the introductory financial accounting course with principles of finance. The class provides students with a better understanding of how the two disciplines relate, and students leave the course with a richer, more robust awareness of both topic areas and how they come together. One theme throughout the course is the use of financial statements and other financial information in valuation of financial instruments such as stocks and bonds. This course better prepares for most business environments, which increasingly requires professionals to complete tasks assuming skills from both disciplines. This manuscript describes the course, its benefits and drawbacks, the content, as well as examples of materials created for the course to facilitate student learning.
Influence of Glazed Zirconia on Dual-Cure Luting Agent Bond Strength
Authors: Valentino TA , Borges GA , Borges LH , Platt JA , Correr-Sobrinho L 
Published: December 2011

Clinical Relevance
Treatment of yttrium-stabilized tetragonal zirconia ceramic surfaces with a low-fusing porcelain layer as a glaze significantly increased the bond strength of dual-cure resin cement to the ceramic surface.
The Ethical Context of Justifying Anti-Doping Attitudes: Critical Reflections
Authors: Kosiewicz Jerzy 
Published: December 2011

The Ethical Context of Justifying Anti-Doping Attitudes: Critical ReflectionsThe reflections presented in the paper are not normative (in general, it can be
said, that they do not create moral values and demands). The presented
reflections particularly stress the sense, essence, meaning, and identity of
sport in the context of moral demands. A disquisition pointing out that sports
and sport-related doping can be situated beyond the moral good and evil
must be considered precisely as metaethical, and leads in a consciously
controversial way to fully defining the identity of sport in general, as well as
the identity of particular sports disciplines.These reflections also refer to the issue concerning the identity of sports
philosophy, i.e. general deliberations and specific issues concerning, for
example, the factual and cognitive status of normative ethics in sport.It is impossible to overestimate the role and meaning of metaethical
reflection in the context of substantiating moral demands in sports as well as
in the context of practical results of expectations. This metaethical reflection
not only extends self-knowledge, but also contributes to the metaphilosophy
of sports. The degree of the development of self-knowledge – both the
metaethics of sports and the metaphilosophy of sports – is also a very
important declaration, and a sign of general maturity of the philosophy of
sports (Kosiewicz 2008/2009, pp. 5-38).
Proteomic Insight Into the Molecular Principles of Grapevine Habituation
Authors: Čarná Mária , Repka Vladimír , Šturdí Ernest 
Published: December 2011

Proteomic Insight Into the Molecular Principles of Grapevine Habituation
Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled to protein microarray analysis was used to examine, for the first time, the molecular mechanisms of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L., cv. Limberger) habituation. The examination of 2-D maps derived from control and habituated cell culture revealed the presence of 55 protein spots displaying a differential expression pattern. These facts have provide a molecular evidence suggesting that the habituated cells can be used as a model for study of cell differentiation and plant defense mechanisms. Cell death, extra-cellular alkalinization and expression of genes responsible for the formation of the defense-related proteins were analyzed in suspension cultures with hormonal autonomy (habituation). Results obtained using habituated grapevine cells compared with non-habituated cells were different and strongly depended on the concentration of elicitor applied.
Isolation of compound microsatellite markers in Begonia fenicis (Begoniaceae) endemic to East and Southeast Asian islands
Authors: Nakamura Koh , Huang Chiun‐Jr , Rubite Rosario Rivera , Leong Wai‐Chao , Kono Yoshiko , Yang Hsun‐An , Peng Ching‐I 
Published: December 2011

• Premise of the study: We developed compound microsatellite markers for Begonia fenicis, a species endemic to eastern and southeastern Asian islands, to investigate geographical genetic structure.• Methods and Results: Using the compound microsatellite marker technique, 21 markers were developed and six polymorphic markers were characterized for samples from four islands in Taiwan and southern Japan. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to six (mean = 4.33). Observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.125–0.725 (0.383) and 0.498–0.719 (0.641), and polymorphic information content was 0.371–0.664 (0.567). The interspecific transferability of the 21 markers was evaluated for eight species of the section Diploclinium from the Philippines; 15 markers were successfully amplified in one to eight species.• Conclusions: These results indicate the utility of the six microsatellite markers in B. fenicis to investigate geographical genetic structure. The transferable markers are potentially useful for other species of the section.