bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prebiotic effects and intestinal fermentation of cereal arabinoxylans and arabinoxylan oligosaccharides in rats depend strongly on their structural properties and joint presence
Authors: Damen Bram , Verspreet Joran , Pollet Annick , Broekaert Willem F. , Delcour Jan A. , Courtin Christophe M. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractScope: Cereal arabinoxylan (AX) is one of the main dietary fibers in a balanced human diet. To gain insight into the importance of structural features of AX for their prebiotic potential and intestinal fermentation properties, a rat trial was performed.Methods and results: A water unextractable AX‐rich preparation (WU‐AX, 40% purity), water extractable AX (WE‐AX, 81% purity), AX oligosaccharides (AXOS, 79% purity) and combinations thereof were included in a standardized diet at a 5% AX level. WU‐AX was only partially fermented in the ceco‐colon and increased the level of butyrate and of butyrate producing Roseburia/E. rectale spp. Extensive fermentation of WE‐AX and/or AXOS reduced the pH, suppressed relevant markers of the proteolytic breakdown and induced a selective bifidogenic response. Compared with WE‐AX, AXOS showed a slightly less pronounced effect in the colon as its fermentation was virtually complete in the cecum. Combining WU‐AX and AXOS caused a striking synergistic increase in cecal butyrate levels. WU‐AX, WE‐AX and AXOS together combined a selective bifidogenic effect in the colon with elevated butyrate levels, a reduced pH and suppressed proteolytic metabolites.Conclusion: The prebiotic potential and fermentation characteristics of cereal AX depend strongly on their structural properties and joint presence.
Chemielaboranten überwinden Grenzen
Authors: Letzel Thomas 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAuf Initiative der TU München hat das internationale Projekt Chemlab einen dualen Ausbildungsgang zum Chemielaboranten mit Schwerpunkt analytische Chemie in süd‐ und osteuropäischen Partnerländern gestartet. Nach zweijähriger Vorbereitungsphase beginnen in Georgien, Griechenland, Polen und der Türkei nun die ersten jungen Leute ihre Ausbildung in Unternehmen und Schule.
Push–Pull archetype of reduced graphene oxide functionalized with polyfluorene for nonvolatile rewritable memory
Authors: Zhang Bin , Chen Yu , Liu Gang , Xu Li‐Qun , Chen Junneng , Zhu Chun‐Xiang , Neoh Koon‐Gee , Kang En‐Tang 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA solution‐processable PFTPA‐convalently grafted reduced graphene oxide (RGO‐PFTPA) was synthesized by the 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylide. Bistable electrical switching and nonvolatile rewritable memory effects were demonstrated in a sandwich structure of indium tin oxide/RGO‐PFTPA/Al. The switch‐on voltage of the as‐fabricated device was around −1.4 V, and the ON/OFF‐state current ratio was more than 103. The ON–OFF transition process is reversible because the application of a high enough positive voltage can induce the reverse transfer of electrons, reducing the conductivity back to its initial OFF state. Both the OFF and ON states are accessible and very stable under a constant voltage stress of −1 V for up to 3 h, or under a pulse voltage stress of −1 V for up to 108 continuous read cycles (pulse period = 2 μs, pulse width = 1 μs). © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Design and proof of reversible micelle‐to‐vesicle multistimuli‐responsive morphological regulations
Authors: Jin Qiao , Luy Christoph , Ji Jian , Agarwal Seema 
Published: November 2011

AbstractMultistimuli‐responsive precise morphological control over self‐assembled polymers is of great importance for applications in nanoscience as drug delivery system. A novel pH, photoresponsive, and cyclodextrin‐responsive block copolymer were developed to investigate the reversible morphological transition from micelles to vesicles. The azobenzene‐containing block copolymer poly(ethylene oxide)‐b‐poly(2‐(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate‐co‐6‐(4‐phenylazo phenoxy)hexyl methacrylate) [PEO‐b‐P(DEAEMA‐co‐PPHMA)] was synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization. This system can self‐assemble into vesicles in aqueous solution at pH 8. On adjusting the solution pH to 3, there was a transition from vesicles to micelles. The same behavior, that is, transition from vesicles to micelles was also realizable on addition of β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) to the PEO‐b‐P(DEAEMA‐co‐PPHMA) solution at pH 8. Furthermore, after β‐CD was added, alternating irradiation of the solution with UV and visible light can also induce the reversible micelle‐to‐vesicle transition because of the photoinduced trans‐to‐cis isomerization of azobenzene units. The multistimuli‐responsive precise morphological changes were studied by laser light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and UV–vis spectra. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Star‐shaped polymer PFStODO by atom transfer radical polymerization: Its synthesis, characterization, and fluorescence property
Authors: Gu Pei‐Yang , Lu Cai‐Jian , Xu Qing‐Feng , Ye Gao‐Jie , Chen Wei‐Qiang , Duan Xuan‐Ming , Wang Li‐Hua , Lu Jian‐Mei 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA novel monomer bearing with pyrazoline chromophore, 3‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐1‐phenyl‐5‐(4‐(4‐vinylbenzyloxy)phenyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazole (FStODO), was synthesized, and its atom transfer radical polymerization initiated by a tetrafunctional initiator, pentaerythritol tetrakis(2‐bromoisobutyrate) (4Bri‐Bu), was studied in detail and characterized by 1H NMR, GPC, and TG‐DSC. The solution, film luminescence of monomer, and its polymer were studied in detail. Compared with that of monomer, both luminescence emission intensity and quantum yield of star‐shaped polymer PFStODO in DMF solution are decreased. However, the two‐photon absorption (TPA) spectra in DMF solution measured by a femtosecond laser show an entirely different result that the maxima TPA cross‐section value of polymer reaches to 203 GM, better than that of the monomer itself (13 GM). More interestingly, the film of polymer shows surprisingly white emission ranging from 400 to 700 nm assigned to the excimer formation. We attribute this formation of excimers to the ordered chromophore aggregates in film, which is further verified by X‐ray diffraction. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Poly(3‐hexylselenophene) solar cells: Correlating the optoelectronic device performance and nanomorphology imaged by low‐energy scanning Transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Klein Michael F. G. , Pfaff Marina , Müller Erich , Czolk Jens , Reinhard Manuel , Valouch Sebastian , Lemmer Uli , Colsmann Alexander , Gerthsen Dagmar 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe conjugated polymer poly(3‐hexylselenophene‐2,5‐diyl) (P3HS) is a promising donor material for organic solar cells as its absorption covers a large part of the visible spectrum up to 730 nm. We investigate bulk heterojunctions of P3HS and the fullerene derivative [6,6]‐phenyl C61‐butyric acid methyl ester as the active layer in organic photovoltaic devices. Annealing of the respective samples leads to the formation of needle‐like structures that we identify as P3HS whiskers by means of low‐energy scanning transmission electron microscopy using a high‐angle annular dark‐field detector. A quantitative description of the size of the nanostructures was elaborated by means of spatial Fourier analyses. The results of electron microscopic studies are correlated with the macroscopic optoelectronic device properties, that is, solar cell performance parameters, with changes in the absorption spectrum and with the impact on the time‐dependent device photoresponse. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2012
Soil amendments with Brassica cover crops for management of Phytophthora blight on squash
Authors: Ji Pingsheng , Koné Daouda , Yin Jingfang , Jackson Kimberly L , Csinos Alexander S 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Phytophthora blight induced by Phytophthora capsici is responsible for serious yield loss in vegetable production in the United States and other countries. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Brassica cover crops used as soil amendments for managing Phytophthora blight of squash.RESULTS: In greenhouse studies, disease incidence on squash plants was significantly reduced by soil amendment with mustard shoots or roots used at 1 and 2.5% (plant tissue/soil, w/w). The shoots of canola used at 1 or 2.5% also suppressed disease, while the roots of canola or other crops did not reduce disease significantly. In field studies, soil amendments with mustard and canola provided the greatest disease reduction and increased squash yield significantly compared with the non‐treated control. Mustard and canola did not appear to be susceptible to P. capsici.CONCLUSION: The results indicated that some Brassica crops, particularly mustard and canola, had the potential to significantly reduce Phytophthora blight on squash when used as soil amendments. As P. capsici has a remarkable ability to develop resistance to chemical fungicides, use of effective Brassica cover crops could be a biorational alternative to fungicides and a valuable component in developing integrated disease management programs. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Screening of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) for resistance against temperate root‐knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.)
Authors: Wesemael Wim ML , Moens Maurice 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: An important part of the production area of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Belgium is located on the sandy soils of the provinces of Antwerp and Limburg where Meloidogyne chitwoodi (Golden), M. fallax (Karssen) and M. hapla (Chitwood) are present. The host plant status of ten bean cultivars for root‐knot nematodes was determined by evaluating penetration, development and egg mass formation after inoculation with second‐stage juveniles.RESULTS: The tested cultivars were poor to good hosts for M. chitwoodi, non‐hosts or bad hosts for M. fallax and excellent hosts for M. hapla. Significantly fewer M. fallax were found in the roots, and their development was delayed. Penetration of M. hapla took place over a longer period than that of M. chitwoodi and M. fallax. The number of mature females of M. chitwoodi in cv. Polder 6 weeks after inoculation was no different from that in other cultivars, although fewer egg masses were found on this cultivar in the screening test. There was no influence of M. chitwoodi on vegetative growth of cv. Polder.CONCLUSION: The differences found in host plant status of bean cultivars stress the importance of a correct diagnosis of the Meloidogyne species in agricultural fields. Cultivar Polder showed potential as a trap crop for M. chitwoodi. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
The influence of background As on GaSb/GaAs quantum dots and its application in infrared photodetectors
Authors: Lin Wei‐Hsun , Tseng Chi‐Che , Wu Shung‐Yi , Wu Meng‐Hsun , Lin Shih‐Yen , Wu Meng‐Chyi 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn this paper, GaSb nanostructures prepared under different Sb/background As ratios are investigated. With decreasing Sb/background As ratios, the morphologies of GaSb nanostructure changing from quantum dots (QDs) to quantum rings (QRs) are observed. The higher optical recombination probabilities of GaSb QRs are attributed to enhanced electron‐hole wave function overlapping and more surrounding electrons around the GaSb QR core shell. With well‐control Sb/background As ratios, the high‐temperature operation GaSb quantum‐dot infrared photodetector (QDIP) with simple stacked structure has been demonstrated. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Beam steering and lateral hole burning in mid‐infrared quantum‐ cascade lasers
Authors: Yang Quankui , Kinzer Michel , Fuchs Frank , Hugger Stefan , Hinkov Borislav , Bronner Wolfgang , Lösch Rainer , Aidam Rolf , Wagner Joachim 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe investigated the beam‐steering phenomenon of quantum‐cascade lasers emitting at ∼7.8 µm wavelength, operated in pulsed mode at heat sink temperatures around room‐temperature. The lasers have a dimension of 12 µm × 1500 µm. The observed beam‐steering phenomenon has been explained by considering spatial hole burning in the population inversion of conduction electrons along the lateral direction. Rate equations have been set up to describe the lateral hole burning effect. The simultaneous oscillation of at least two lateral modes, which are a consequence of the lateral hole burning and at the same time possible cause of beam steering, has been verified by high‐resolution spectroscopy. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Assessing the performance of a prognostic and a diagnostic cloud scheme using single column model simulations of TWP–ICE
Authors: Franklin Charmaine N. , Jakob Christian , Dix Martin , Protat Alain , Roff Greg 
Published: November 2011

AbstractSingle column model simulations using the UK Met Office Unified Model, as used in the Australian Community Climate Earth System Simulator, are presented for the Tropical Warm Pool–International Cloud Experiment (TWP–ICE) field study. Two formulations for the representation of clouds are compared with the extensive observations taken during the campaign, giving insight into the ability of the model to simulate tropical cloud systems. During the active monsoon phase the modelled cloud cover has a stronger dependence on relative humidity than the observations. Observed ice cloud properties during the suppressed monsoon period show that the ice water content is significantly underestimated in the simulations. The profiles of modelled ice fall speeds are faster than those observed in the levels above 12 km, implying that the observations have smaller sized particles in larger concentrations than the models. Both simulations show similar errors in the diurnal cycle of relative humidity during the active monsoon phase, suggesting that the error is less sensitive to the choice of cloud scheme and rather is driven by the convection scheme. However, during the times of suppressed convection the relative humidity error is different between the simulations, with congestus convection drying the environment too much, particularly in the prognostic cloud‐scheme simulation. This result shows that the choice of cloud scheme and the way that the cloud and convection schemes interact plays a role in the temperature and moisture errors during the suppressed monsoon phase, which will impact the three‐dimensional model simulations of tropical variability. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Reduced rank ridge regression and its kernel extensions
Authors: Mukherjee Ashin , Zhu Ji 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn multivariate linear regression, it is often assumed that the response matrix is intrinsically of lower rank. This could be because of the correlation structure among the prediction variables or the coefficient matrix being lower rank. To accommodate both, we propose a reduced rank ridge regression for multivariate linear regression. Specifically, we combine the ridge penalty with the reduced rank constraint on the coefficient matrix to come up with a computationally straightforward algorithm. Numerical studies indicate that the proposed method consistently outperforms relevant competitors. A novel extension of the proposed method to the reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) set‐up is also developed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 4: 612–622, 2011
Photoluminenscence Blinking Dynamics of Colloidal Quantum Dots in the Presence of Controlled External Electron Traps
Authors: Xu Zhihua , Cotlet Mircea 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe effect of the external charge trap on the photoluminescence blinking dynamics of individual colloidal quantum dots is investigated with a series of colloidal quantum dot–bridge–fullerene dimers with varying bridge lengths, where the fullerene moiety acts as a well‐defined, well‐positioned external charge trap. It is found that charge transfer followed by charge recombination is an important mechanism in determining the blinking behavior of quantum dots when the external trap is properly coupled with the excited state of the quantum dot, leading to a quasi‐continuous distribution of ‘on' states and an early fall‐off from a power‐law distribution for both ‘on' and ‘off' times associated with quantum dot photoluminescence blinking.
Novel extracellular hyper acidophil and thermostable α‐amylase from Micrococcus sp.NS 211
Authors: Samie Nima , Reddy Padma R. M. , Ashouri Masoumeh 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAmong several bacteria examined in this study, a hyper acidophil and thermostable Micrococcus sp.NS 211 designated as M.Amy NS 211 was selected for production of amylase using starch agar plates with following incubation at 85°C. Identification by 16SrRNA on selected bacterium disclosed the highest similarity for protean regions of this gene, 27 F and 1492R as Micrococcus sp.NS 211. Although activity of M.Amy NS 211 was established at temperatures between 70 and 110°C and pH ranges 1.2–8.0, the optimum temperature and pH was achieved at 85°C and 3.5 in sodium citrate buffer system respectively. Two‐step chromatography was performed using (CM Bio‐Gel A) and (Bio‐Gel A‐150) columns to purify 84 kDa hyper acidophil and thermostable α‐amylase. SDS‐PAGE analysis showed molecular mass and amylolytic activity as single band. Enhancement of enzyme activity was obtained in presence of 5 mM MnCl2 (298%), CaCl2 (347%), FeCl2 (211%), MgCl2 (253%), ZnCl2 (146%), NiCl (142%), NaCl (141%), Na‐sulfate (153%) while inhibition was observed with (5 mM) EDTA, PMSF (3 mM), urea (8 M), and SDS (1%) at 143, 134, 43, and 119%, respectively. M.Amy NS 211 can be applied in laundry detergents, textile, and modern relevant industrial processes at extreme temperatures and under acidic conditions.
Myostatin blockage using actRIIB antagonism in mice bearing the Lewis lung carcinoma results in the improvement of muscle wasting and physical performance
Authors: Busquets Sílvia , Toledo Míriam , Orpí Marcel , Massa David , Porta Maria , Capdevila Eva , Padilla Núria , Frailis Valentina , López-Soriano Francisco J. , Han H. Q. , Argilés Josep M. 
Published: November 2011

BackgroundCachexia is a multiorganic syndrome associated with cancer, characterized by body weight loss, muscle and adipose tissue wasting and inflammation.MethodsThe aim of this investigation was to examine the effect of the soluble receptor antagonist of myostatin (sActRIIB) in cachectic tumor‐bearing animals analyzing changes in muscle proteolysis and in quality of life.ResultsAdministration of sActRIIB resulted in an improvement in body and muscle weights. Administration of the soluble receptor antagonist of myostatin also resulted in an improvement in the muscle force.ConclusionsThese results suggest that blocking myostatin pathway could be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cancer cachexia.
The Jeffery–Hamel similarity solution and its relation to flow in a diverging channel
Authors: Haines P. E. , Hewitt R. E. , Hazel A. L. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe explore the relevance of the idealized Jeffery–Hamel similarity solution to the practical problem of flow in a diverging channel of finite (but large) streamwise extent. Numerical results are presented for the two-dimensional flow in a wedge of separation angle $2\ensuremath{\alpha} $, bounded by circular arcs at the inlet/outlet and for a net radial outflow of fluid. In particular, we show that in a finite domain there is a sequence of nested neutral curves in the $(\mathit{Re}, \ensuremath{\alpha} )$ plane, each corresponding to a midplane symmetry-breaking (pitchfork) bifurcation, where $\mathit{Re}$ is a Reynolds number based on the radial mass flux. For small wedge angles we demonstrate that the first pitchfork bifurcation in the finite domain occurs at a critical Reynolds number that is in agreement with the only pitchfork bifurcation in the infinite-domain similarity solution, but that the criticality of the bifurcation differs (in general). We explain this apparent contradiction by demonstrating that, for $\ensuremath{\alpha} \ll 1$, superposition of two (infinite-domain) eigenmodes can be used to construct a leading-order finite-domain eigenmode. These constructed modes accurately predict the multiple symmetry-breaking bifurcations of the finite-domain flow without recourse to computation of the full field equations. Our computational results also indicate that temporally stable, isolated, steady solutions may exist. These states are finite-domain analogues of the steady waves recently presented by Kerswell, Tutty, & Drazin (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 501, 2004, pp. 231–250) for an infinite domain. Moreover, we demonstrate that there is non-uniqueness of stable solutions in certain parameter regimes. Our numerical results tie together, in a consistent framework, the disparate results in the existing literature.
Instabilities and inertial waves generated in a librating cylinder
Authors: Lopez J. M. , Marques F. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA librating cylinder consists of a rotating cylinder whose rate of rotation is modulated. When the mean rotation rate is large compared with the viscous damping rate, the flow may support inertial waves, depending on the frequency of the modulation. The modulation also produces time-dependent boundary layers on the cylinder endwalls and sidewall, and the sidewall boundary layer flow in particular is susceptible to instabilities which can introduce additional forcing on the interior flow with time scales different from the modulation period. These instabilities may also drive and/or modify the inertial waves. In this paper, we explore such flows numerically using a spectral-collocation code solving the Navier–Stokes equations in order to capture the dynamics involved in the interactions between the inertial waves and the viscous boundary layer flows.
Finite wavelength selection for the linear instability of a suspension of settling spheroids
Authors: Dahlkild Anders A. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe instability of an initially homogeneous suspension of spheroids, settling due to gravity, is reconsidered. For non-spherical particles, previous studies in the literature report that normal-mode density perturbations of maximum growth rate are those of arbitrarily large, horizontal wavelength. Using the ‘mixture theory’ for two-phase flow we show that the maximum growth rate for horizontal density perturbations is obtained for a finite wavelength if the inertia of the bulk motion associated with the normal-mode density perturbation is accounted for. We find that for long wavelengths, $\lambda \ensuremath{\rightarrow} \infty $, the growth rate approaches zero as ${\lambda }^{\ensuremath{-} 2/ 3} $. The maximum growth rate is obtained for $\lambda \ensuremath{\sim} d/ \sqrt{{\ensuremath{\alpha} }_{0} { \mathit{Re}}_{L}^{1/ 2} \raisebox {-5pt}{}} $, where $d$ is the axis perpendicular to the axis of rotational symmetry of the spheroid, ${\ensuremath{\alpha} }_{0} $ is the undisturbed volume fraction of particles and ${\mathit{Re}}_{L} $, typically ${\ll }1$, is a Reynolds number of the bulk motion on a typical length scale $L\ensuremath{\sim} d/ \sqrt{{\ensuremath{\alpha} }_{0} } $ and a velocity scale on the order of the undisturbed settling speed. The theoretical results for the wavelength selection agree qualitatively well with previous experimental results in the literature of measured correlation lengths of vertical streamers in settling fibre suspensions.