bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Strategies Based on Aryllithium and N‐Acyliminium Ion Cyclizations for the Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Alkaloids and Related Systems
Authors: Martinez‐Estibalez Unai , Gomez‐SanJuan Asier , Garcia‐Calvo Oihane , Aranzamendi Eider , Lete Esther , Sotomayor Nuria 
Published: October 2011

AbstractReview: 180 refs.
Synthesis of ZnO nanorods by the thermal reduction process of a mixture of ZnO and Al powder
Authors: Nam Kyung‐Don , Kwak Sang Kyu , Lee Jong‐Min 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSingle‐crystalline Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods were firstly synthesized on gold‐coated Si substrate via a simple thermal reduction method from the mixture of ZnO and Al powder. The growth process was carried out in a quartz tube at different temperature (550‐700 °C) and at different oxygen partial pressure. Their structure properties were investigated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The length of the as‐prepared ZnO nanorods was up to several micrometers and their diameters were about 130 nm. The X‐ray diffraction patterns, transmission electron microscopic images, and selective area electron diffraction patterns indicate that the one‐dimensional ZnO nanorods are a pure Single‐crystal and preferentially oriented in the [0001] direction. The reaction mechanism of ZnO nanorods was proposed on the basis of experimental data. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Multilayer context cloud framework for mobile Web 2.0: a proposed infrastructure
Authors: Hsu I‐Ching 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYExisting context‐aware systems focus only on characterizing the situation of an entity to exhibit the advantage of contextual information association, but they have no mechanism to facilitate the interoperation and reuse of contextual information. Cloud computing offers an adaptable and flexible solution for existing context‐aware applications, integrating Mobile Web 2.0 technologies. This work presents a multilayer context cloud framework (MCCF) that integrates Web 2.0 technologies into a mobile context‐aware system for use in a cloud computing environment. The proposed MCCF includes a context sensor layer, a context information layer, a context service layer, a context representation layer, a cloud computing layer, and a mobile Web 2.0 context‐aware Software as a Service layer. To demonstrate the feasibility of this approach, a Mobile Web 2.0‐based context‐aware Software as a Service platform, which is a cloud computing application based on MCCF, is implemented to provide continuous and context‐aware monitoring of a specific application. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A glimpse into dorso‐ventral patterning of the Drosophila eye
Authors: Singh Amit , Tare Meghana , Puli Oorvashi Roy , Kango‐Singh Madhuri 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDuring organogenesis in all multi‐cellular organisms, axial patterning is required to transform a single layer organ primordium into a three‐dimensional organ. The Drosophila eye model serves as an excellent model to study axial patterning. Dorso‐ventral (DV) axis determination is the first lineage restriction event during axial patterning of the Drosophila eye. The early Drosophila eye primordium has a default ventral fate, and the dorsal eye fate is established by onset of dorsal selector gene pannier (pnr) expression in a group of cells on the dorsal eye margin. The boundary between dorsal and ventral compartments called the equator is the site for Notch (N) activation, which triggers cell proliferation and differentiation. This review will focus on (1) chronology of events during DV axis determination; (2) how early division of eye into dorsal and ventral compartments contributes towards the growth and patterning of the fly retina, and (3) functions of DV patterning genes. Developmental Dynamics 241:69–84, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Direct and Stereoretentive Synthesis of Amides from Cyclic Alcohols
Authors: Mondal Deboprosad , Bellucci Luca , Lepore Salvatore D. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractChlorosulfites prepared in situ using thionyl chloride react with nitrile complexes of titanium(IV) fluoride to give a one‐pot conversion of alcohols into amides. For the first time, amides are obtained from cyclic alcohols with stereoretention. Critical to the design of these new TiIV reactions has been the use of little‐explored TiIV nitrile complexes that are thought to chelate chlorosulfites in the transition state tocreate a carbocation that is rapidly captured by the nitrile nucleophile through a front‐side attack mechanism.
Green Catalysts Derived from Agricultural and Industrial Waste Products: The Preparation of Phenols from CsOH and Aryl Iodides using CuO on Mesoporous Silica
Authors: Chan Chien‐Ching , Chen Yan‐Wun , Su Chi‐Shen , Lin Hong‐Ping , Lee Chin‐Fa 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe synthesis of CuO catalysts supported on mesoporous silica derived from rice husks and semiconductor copper from chemical mechanical planarization (Cu‐CMP) wastewater is described. These catalysts are active for the coupling reaction of CsOH with aryl iodides. Low catalyst loading (1 mol‐%) without the need for ancillary ligands make these very attractive “green” catalysts.
Effects of adjunct valproic acid on clinical symptoms and saccadic eye movements in schizophrenia
Authors: Larrison Abigail L. , Babin Shelly L. , Xing Yuan , Patel Saumil S. , Wassef Adel A. , Sereno Anne B. 
Published: October 2011

ObjectiveValproic acid (VPA) has been suggested as a potential adjunct therapy in schizophrenia for the treatment of clinical symptoms and cognitive deficits. Here, we investigate the effects of VPA on clinical symptoms and saccadic eye movements while controlling for multiple medication effects.MethodsRemitted and first‐episode schizophrenia patients taking haloperidol were given adjunct VPA for approximately 2 weeks and tested using a measure of clinical symptoms (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale) and saccadic eye movement tasks over three testing periods. The effects of VPA were compared with schizophrenia patients medicated with equivalent doses of haloperidol alone (HAL group) and normal controls.ResultsSchizophrenia patients had higher error rates on the antisaccade task (AS task) compared with normal controls. Adjunct VPA did not affect AS task error rates but was associated with an increase in response times for both saccade and AS tasks, with a significantly greater and dose‐dependent increase in response times for the AS task. There were no differences in clinical improvement between VPA and HAL schizophrenia patient groups when controlling for haloperidol medication state.ConclusionsThese results suggest that adjuvant VPA therapy results in both sensorimotor and cognitive slowing but does not either help or further impair inhibitory control in schizophrenia, as measured by the elevated AS task errors. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Associations of circulating 25‐hydroxyvitamin D with prostate cancer diagnosis, stage and grade
Authors: Gilbert Rebecca , Metcalfe Chris , Fraser William D. , Donovan Jenny , Hamdy Freddie , Neal David E. , Lane J. Athene , Martin Richard M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractEpidemiological studies suggest that vitamin D protects against prostate cancer, although evidence is limited and inconsistent. We investigated associations of circulating total 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) with prostate specific antigen‐detected prostate cancer in a case‐control study nested within the prostate testing for cancer and treatment (ProtecT) trial. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) quantifying the association between circulating total 25(OH)D and prostate cancer. In case‐only analyses, we used unconditional logistic regression to quantify associations of total 25(OH)D with stage (advanced vs. localized) and Gleason grade (high‐grade (≥7) vs. low‐grade (<7)). Predetermined categories of total 25(OH)D were defined as: high: ≥30 ng/mL; adequate: 20 – <30 ng/mL; insufficient: 12 – <20 ng/mL; deficient: <12 ng/mL. Fractional polynomials were used to investigate the existence of any U‐shaped relationship. We included 1,447 prostate cancer cases (153 advanced, 469 high‐grade) and 1,449 healthy controls. There was evidence that men deficient in vitamin D had a 2‐fold increased risk of advanced versus localized cancer (OR for deficient vs. adequate total 25(OH)D = 2.33, 95% CI: 1.26, 4.28) and high‐grade versus low‐grade cancer (OR for deficient vs. adequate total 25(OH)D = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.15, 2.77). There was no evidence of a linear association between total 25(OH)D and prostate cancer (p = 0.44) or of an increased risk of prostate cancer with high and low vitamin D levels. Our study provides evidence that lower 25(OH)D concentrations were associated with more aggressive cancers (advanced versus localized cancers and high‐ versus low‐Gleason grade), but there was no evidence of an association with overall prostate cancer risk.
Are US firms stockpiling too much cash?
Authors: Marcum Bill , Martin Dale R. , Strickland Deon 
Published: October 2011

AbstractUS companies are stockpiling cash, despite the economic downturn. But why are they doing this? And are they holding too much cash? The authors of this article investigate the reasons for this trend, the effect on a company's value, and how a firm can tell if it is indeed holding too much cash. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Managing FX risk: How useful is accounting information?
Authors: Makar Stephen , Wang Li , Alam Pervaiz 
Published: October 2011

AbstractMultinational companies manage their exposure to changes in foreign exchange (FX) rates, in part, by using FX derivatives (FXD). And recent volatility in FX rates has increased the importance of evaluating this strategic choice. However, current accounting practices do not provide timely and sufficient information to accurately predict future cash flows for FXD hedge percentages less than 100 percent.This article will help CFOs and treasurers with their FX risk and cash management strategies—by describing the limits of existing accounting information on derivatives use and the Financial Accounting Standards Board's efforts to address such limits. Since CFOs are required to sign off on the veracity and accuracy of financial statements under the Sarbanes‐Oxley Act, they should understand the limits of FXD hedge accounting information. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High‐resolution proton density weighted three‐dimensional fast spin echo (3D‐FSE) of the knee with IDEAL at 1.5 tesla: Comparison with 3D‐FSE and 2D‐FSE—initial experience
Authors: McMahon Colm J. , Madhuranthakam Ananth J. , Wu Jim S. , Yablon Corrie M. , Wei Jesse L. , Rofsky Neil M. , Hochman Mary G. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPurpose:To assess the feasibility of combining three‐dimensional fast spin echo (3D‐FSE) and Iterative‐decomposition‐of water‐and‐fat‐with‐echo asymmetry‐and‐least‐squares‐estimation (IDEAL) at 1.5 Tesla (T), generating a high‐resolution 3D isotropic proton density‐weighted image set with and without “fat‐suppression” (FS) in a single acquisition, and to compare with 2D‐FSE and 3D‐FSE (without IDEAL).Materials and Methods:Ten asymptomatic volunteers prospectively underwent sagittal 3D‐FSE‐IDEAL, 3D‐FSE, and 2D‐FSE sequences at 1.5T (slice thickness [ST]: 0.8 mm, 0.8 mm, and 3.5 mm, respectively). 3D‐FSE and 2D‐FSE were repeated with frequency‐selective FS. Fluid, cartilage, and muscle signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and fluid‐cartilage contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) were compared among sequences. Three blinded reviewers independently scored quality of menisci/cartilage depiction for all sequences. “Fat‐suppression” was qualitatively scored and compared among sequences.Results:3D‐FSE‐IDEAL fluid‐cartilage CNR was higher than in 2D‐FSE (P < 0.05), not different from 3D‐FSE (P = 0.31). There was no significant difference in fluid SNR among sequences. 2D‐FSE cartilage SNR was higher than in 3D FSE‐IDEAL (P < 0.05), not different to 3D‐FSE (P = 0.059). 2D‐FSE muscle SNR was higher than in 3D‐FSE‐IDEAL (P < 0.05) and 3D‐FSE (P < 0.05). Good or excellent depiction of menisci/cartilage was achieved using 3D‐FSE‐IDEAL in the acquired sagittal and reformatted planes. Excellent, homogeneous “fat‐suppression” was achieved using 3D‐FSE‐IDEAL, superior to FS‐3D‐FSE and FS‐2D‐FSE (P < 0.05).Conclusion:3D FSE‐IDEAL is a feasible approach to acquire multiplanar images of diagnostic quality, both with and without homogeneous “fat‐suppression” from a single acquisition. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;361‐369. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The changing landscape of axillary surgery: Which breast cancer patients may still benefit from complete axillary lymph node dissection?
Authors: McGhan L.J. , Dueck A.C. , Gray R.J. , Wasif N. , McCullough A.E. , Pockaj B.A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesMany breast cancer patients undergoing completion axillary lymph node dissection (CALND) for sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastases have no further disease. Predicting patients at high risk of non‐sentinel lymph node (NSLN) metastasis may help guide effective utilization of CALND.MethodsSLN+ breast cancer patients undergoing frozen section (FS) analysis at a single institution (2004–2010) were studied retrospectively. Factors associated with NSLN metastases were identified.ResultsTwo‐hundred forty SLN+ patients were identified. The incidence of NSLN metastases was 45% in FS(+) patients undergoing CALND, compared to 10% of FS(−) patients following CALND (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that FS positivity, tumor size, and the presence of angiolymphatic invasion were significant factors associated with NSLN metastases (all P < 0.05). Further analysis of FS(+) patients revealed that tumor size, ER(−) status, and lymph node metastasis size were also associated with risk of NSLN metastases. An algorithm for the management of the axilla in SLN+ breast cancer patients was devised, based on clinic‐pathologic predictors of NSLN metastases.ConclusionA SLN+ biopsy by FS predicts the presence of NSLN metastases and, in combination with other factors, may justify immediate CALND. CALND may, however, be avoided in selected low‐risk SLN+ patients. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 106:254–259. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Industrielle Lasertechnik in Russland
Authors: Kovsh Ivan B. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDie Laser Association (LAS) ist eine 1990 gegründete, gemeinnützige Nichtregierungsorganisation aktiver Forscher, Entwickler und Hersteller von Lasertechnik aus dem Territorium der Gemeinschaft Unabhängiger Staaten (GUS). Mehr als 330 Organisationen — 80 Prozent davon aus Russland — traten der LAS in den vergangenen 21 Jahren als Firmenmitglieder bei.
Der Blick auf die Zukunft
Authors: Hafner Margit , Freitag Christian 
Published: October 2011

AbstractCarbonfaserverstärkter Kunststoff, kurz CFK, ist aufgrund seiner herausragenden mechanischen Eigenschaften bei gleichzeitig geringem Gewicht ein vielversprechender Werkstoff. Am Institut für Strahlwerkzeuge der Universität Stuttgart wird mit Hilfe verschiedener Diagnosemethoden wie Thermografie, Hochgeschwindigkeitsaufnahmen mit Bildwiederholungsraten im Megahertzbereich und Spektroskopie der Laserbearbeitungsprozess von CFK untersucht und optimiert.
Language design and analyzability: a retrospective
Authors: Ryder Barbara G. , Wiedermann Ben 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYThere is tension between programming language design for modularity and flexibility of programming and the amenability of the resulting programs to static analysis. At the start of Software Practice and Experience in 1971, most languages in commercial use were procedural (e.g., FORTRAN, ALGOL, PL/I) and on the whole were easier to analyze than languages of today such as JavaScript and Python. Modern languages include dynamic features, which enhance prototyping of approaches, often resulting in programs that are difficult for software tools or humans to understand. Starting with this perspective, we explore the relationship between language features and the ability of static analysis to precisely determine control flow and data flow in programs, thus enabling program optimization, transformation and understanding. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cross‐layer design of outage optimum routing metric for wireless ad hoc networks
Authors: Amiri Bahador , Sadjadpour Hamid R. , Garcia‐Luna‐Aceves Jose Joaquin 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTA new routing metric for multihop wireless ad hoc networks is presented. The proposed metric is based on the computation of signal‐to‐noise ratio and path minimization of wireless ad hoc network outage probability in a fading environment. This metric improves the quality of service by reducing the number of dropped packets. Further, by modeling the network with a Trellis diagram and then using Viterbi algorithm to select the best routing path, we reduce the routing complexity of our approach. The performance of the proposed metric is compared with other commonly used routing metrics such as minimum hop count, expected transmission count, and two other signal‐to‐noise ratio‐based metrics in both mobile and stationary networks. Simulation results demonstrate the improvement achieved by this new metric. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metal(II) Complexes Based on Imidazo[4, 5‐f]‐1, 10‐phenanthroline and Bridging Dicarboxylato Ligands: Synthesis, Characterization and Photoluminescence
Authors: Gong Yun , Wu Tao , Li Jinghua , Qin Jianbo , Wu Xiaoxia , Cao Rong 
Published: October 2011

AbstractEight metal(II) complexes based on imidazo[4, 5‐f]‐1, 10‐phenanthroline (HIMP) and bridging dicarboxylato ligands such as 4, 4′‐biphenyldicarboxylic acid (H2BPDC), 1, 4‐benzenedicarboxylic acid (H2BDC), thiophene‐2, 5‐dicarboxylic acid (H2TDC), and 2, 6‐naphthalenedicarboxylic acid (H2NDC) were hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Complexes 1, 3, 6, and 7 are molecular dinuclear metal complexes. Complexes 2, 4, and 5 exhibit chain‐like structures. Compound 8 shows a novel 3D architecture, in which ZnII dimers are connected by four NDC2– anions. In the metal(II) complexes, HIMP exhibits a similar chelating coordination mode. Different π···π stacking interactions are observed in the complexes. The emission of HIMP is completely quenched in complexes 1–4 due to the strong π···π stacking interactions in the structures. Complexes 5–8 exhibit different photoluminescence properties. Firstly, we quantitatively investigated the effect of the strong HIMP–HIMP stacking interactions on the emission quenching of HIMP in the metal complexes. It was found that a higher extent of π···π stacking interactions in the complexes resulted in a higher extent of the emission quenching of HIMP. The introduction of aromatic conjugated carboxylate groups into metal(II)‐HIMP complexes changed the extent of the strong π···π stacking interactions in the structures and thus the photoluminescence properties of the complexes.
Investigation of the Hydrolysis Stability of Triazine Tricarboxylate in the Presence of Transition Metal(II) Ions and Synthesis and Crystal Structure of the Alkaline Earth Triazine Tricarboxylates M3[C3N3(CO2)3]2·12H2O (M = Sr, Ba)
Authors: Makowski Sophia J. , Calta Evelyn , Hörmannsdorfer Michael , Schnick Wolfgang 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe stability against hydrolysis of triazine tricarboxylate (TTC) in the presence of divalent transition metal and alkaline earth ions was investigated by means of X‐ray diffraction and FTIR spectroscopy. Depending on the size of the cation either formation of the respective triazine tricarboxylate salts or hydrolysis of TTC yielding oxalate was observed. The hydrolysis of TTC induced by transition metal ions could be explained in analogy to the hydrolysis of triazine tris(2‐pyrimidyl) as a result of ring tension caused by the coordination of these ions. By the reaction of potassium triazine tricarboxylate with alkaline earth salts in aqueous solution the alkaline earth triazine tricarboxylates M3[C3N3(CO2)3]2·12H2O (M = Sr, Ba) were obtained and analyzed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The isotypic salts represent the first examples of alkaline earth triazine tricarboxylates and the first TTC salts comprising solely divalent cations.
Verification of Tokyo Guidelines for diagnosis and management of acute cholangitis
Authors: Fujii Yoshiro , Ohuchida Jiro , Chijiiwa Kazuo , Yano Koichi , Imamura Naoya , Nagano Motoaki , Hiyoshi Masahide , Otani Kazuhiro , Kai Masahiro , Kondo Kazuhiro 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to verify diagnostic criteria and severity assessment of the Tokyo Guidelines for acute cholangitis.MethodsWe re‐examined whether acute cholangitis was concomitant with gallstones according to the Tokyo Guidelines in 248 patients with choledocholithiasis. Our conventional diagnoses based on physician decision were compared with diagnoses from the Tokyo Guidelines. Problems with severity grade criteria were also evaluated.ResultsIn total, 53 cases of acute cholangitis were determined by using the Tokyo Guidelines, including three false‐negative and seven false‐positive cases (acute cholecystitis or pancreatitis was concomitant with choledocholithiasis). Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 94%, 96%, and 96%, respectively. Forty of the 53 patients underwent biliary drainage (mean interval between admission and drainage, 1.4 days). Severity grades were mild in 10, moderate in 30, and severe in 13 patients. Of these 13 patients with severe disease, 2 had chronic renal failure, 1 had liver cirrhosis, and 1 had severe acute pancreatitis and liver cirrhosis. No patients died, irrespective of severity grade.ConclusionsAcute cholangitis should be carefully diagnosed when other inflammatory disease is concomitant with choledocholithiasis. A few patients have absolute acute cholangitis even when they do not meet Tokyo Guidelines diagnostic criteria. Classification into mild or moderate grade using the Tokyo Guidelines is difficult when early biliary drainage is routinely performed. When determining severity grade, clinicians must distinguish between organ dysfunction associated with cholangitis itself and that associated with the underlying/concomitant disease. Apart from a few problems like these, the Tokyo Guidelines are mostly acceptable for the diagnosis and management of acute cholangitis.