bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic value of systemic inflammation score in patients with esophageal cancer
Authors: Yoneda Akira , Ogata Ryosuke , Ryu Shintaro , Yoshino Kyohei , Fukui Saeko , Kugiyama Tota , Kitasato Amane , Sugiyama Nozomu , Takeshita Hiroaki , Minami Shigeki , Kuroki Tamotsu 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
The systemic inflammatory score (SIS), a new inflammatory marker based on a combination of the lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) and serum albumin concentration, has been reported to be a useful prognostic marker for several malignancies. The authors conducted this retrospective study on data from a cohort of esophageal cancer patients undergoing potentially curative resection to clarify the value of SIS as a prognostic marker for clinical outcome in this population.

Methods:
This retrospective cohort study included 32 patients who underwent thoracoscopic esophagectomy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for esophageal cancer between January 2016 and December 2019. Blood samples were collected within one week prior to the initiation of preoperative chemotherapy. Three inflammatory and nutritional markers; SIS, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and prognostic nutrition index (PNI) were examined in this study. Disease-free survival was assessed using the Kaplan–Meier method, and univariable and multivariable Cox models were applied to evaluate the predictive value of SIS, NLR and PNI.

Results:
NLR and PNI were not associated with recurrence, while SIS scores of 1 and 2 were significantly associated with recurrence. In multivariate analysis, SIS scores of 1 or 2 were found to be independently associated with recurrence, each with a hazard ratio of 1.98. In addition, when examining immunologic and nutritional factors and survival rates, there was no significant difference in the survival rate for NLR and PNI; for SIS, however, the survival rate was significantly worse in patients with SIS scores of 1 or 2.

Conclusions:
The authors demonstrated that a novel and easily obtained prognostic score, termed SIS, based on pre-treatment serum albumin and LMR, can serve as an independent prognostic factor in postoperative esophageal cancer patients. It could be incorporated into conventional clinical and pathological algorithms to enhance the prognostic accuracy in this population.
Traumatic cavernosal artery pseudoaneurysm: a rare cause of erectile dysfunction following pelvic trauma: a case report and comprehensive literature review
Authors: katwal Shailendra , Ghimire Aastha , Paudel Pratiksha , Khatiwada Bidur 
Published: May 2024

Introduction and importance:
Erectile dysfunction (ED) resulting from pelvic trauma, particularly cavernosal artery pseudoaneurysm, poses a complex clinical challenge. Traumatic injuries, including blunt force trauma, can lead to diverse vascular complications affecting erectile function. Recognizing and addressing these issues is pivotal for optimal patient management.

Case presentation:
A 40-year-old male presented with gradual-onset ED following a traumatic incident, involving a fall from a bike and subsequent hematoma on the penile shaft. Despite initial successful conservative management, the patient experienced recurrent symptoms. Comprehensive evaluation, including ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT) angiography, revealed a cavernosal artery pseudoaneurysm. The diagnostic journey involved Doppler ultrasound and penile arteriography, confirming the arteriogenic etiology.

Clinical discussion:
Pelvic trauma, a common cause of erectile dysfunction in men under 40, can lead to cavernosal arterial injuries and pseudoaneurysms. This condition often results from blunt perineal trauma or iatrogenic factors, requiring precise diagnostic tools like Doppler ultrasound and penile arteriography. Treatment options include coil embolization and Gelfoam application, emphasizing the importance of timely intervention.

Conclusion:
Successful angiography and coil embolization yielded significant improvement in symptoms for the presented case. This underscores the critical role of accurate diagnosis and tailored interventions in addressing cavernosal artery pseudoaneurysms resulting from pelvic trauma, thereby enhancing patient outcomes and quality of life.
Relative Cost and Infectious Days Averted Associated With Rapid Gonorrhea and Chlamydia Testing Among Men Who Have Sex With Men
Authors: Welford Elliott , Martin Thomas C.S. , Martin Natasha K. , Tilghman Winston , Little Susan J. 
Published: May 2024

Background
Standard-of-care nucleic acid amplification tests (routine NAATs) for Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) can take several days to result and therefore delay treatment. Rapid point-of-care GC/CT NAAT (rapid NAAT) could reduce the time to treatment and therefore onward transmission. This study evaluated the incremental cost per infectious day averted and overall cost of implementation associated with rapid compared with routine NAAT.

Methods
Prospective sexually transmitted infection (STI) treatment data from men who have sex with men and transgender women in San Diego who received rapid NAAT between November 2018 and February 2021 were evaluated. Historical time from testing to treatment for routine NAAT was abstracted from the literature. Costs per test for rapid and routine NAAT were calculated using a micro-costing approach. The incremental cost per infectious day averted comparing rapid to routine NAAT and the costs of rapid GC/CT NAAT implementation in San Diego Public Health STI clinics were calculated.

Results
Overall, 2333 individuals underwent rapid NAAT with a median time from sample collection to treatment of 2 days compared with 7 to 14 days for routine NAAT equating to a reduction of 5 to 12 days. The cost of rapid and routine GC/CT NAAT was $57.86 and $18.38 per test, respectively, with a cost-effectiveness of between $2.43 and $5.82 per infectious day averted. The incremental cost of rapid NAAT improved when at least 2000 tests were performed annually.

Conclusions
Although rapid GC/CT NAAT is more expensive than routine testing, the reduction of infectious days between testing and treatment may reduce transmission and provide improved STI treatment services to patients.
Isolated Fallopian Tube Torsion in Children With Hydrosalpinx
Authors: Mariani Aurora , Hameury Frédéric , Dubois Rémi , Demède Delphine , Gelas Thomas , Mure Pierre Yves , Gorduza Daniela 
Published: May 2024

Background
Isolated fallopian tube torsion (IFTT) is very rare gynecological emergency in pediatric population. Our objective is to assess treatment options and discuss outcome of a cohort of IFTT with a focus on the association between IFTT and hydrosalpinx (HSX).

Methods
A retrospective review was conducted. Pediatric patients with IFTT operated in the same center were included.

Results
Seventeen girls (aged: 11–16 years) were managed for acute abdominal pain between 2008 and 2018, with intraoperative diagnosis of IFTT. All patients underwent laparoscopic exploration, with laparoscopically fallopian tube detorsion in all patients. Based on the association of IFTT with HSX after fallopian tube detorsion, patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (IFTT without HSX; 12 girls) and group 2 (IFTT with HSX; 5 girls). During the same surgery, complementary surgical procedures were done. In group 1: salpingectomies (4), partial salpingectomies (2) and cystectomies (6) were done. In group 2: salpingectomy (1), salpingotomy (1), and cyst ablation (1). The treatment was called conservative when the tube was preserved.
Follow-up was uneventful in group 1. In group 2, for all patients with initial fallopian tube preservation, further surgical procedures were necessary (1–4 surgeries/patient), and, finally, another 3 patients required salpingectomy.

Conclusions
Conservative treatment with tube preservation of IFTT without HSX appeared to be beneficial compared to those with HSX, with no recurrence of torsion or symptoms during the follow-up. However, the same conservative treatment was not sufficiently effective for IFTT with HSX and required further procedures due to recurrence of torsion.

Level of Evidence
IV.
Medial Epicanthoplasty with the Skin-Redraping Technique: Technical Refinements for Predictable Outcomes
Authors: Wong Chin-Ho , Hsieh Michael Ku Hung 
Published: May 2024

Summary:
The epicanthus is a common feature of Asian eyes. A prominent medial epicanthal fold gives the impression of blunted affect. Medial epicanthoplasty for its removal is commonly requested by Asian patients. This may be performed as an isolated procedure or, more commonly, in combination with upper blepharoplasty. Many conventional medial epicanthoplasty techniques are based on skin flap transposition and excisions, usually variations of the V-Y, W, or Z-plasties. Although these have been variably successful at correcting the epicanthal fold, scarring in the medial canthal and lower eyelid regions is common. This is particularly problematic in Asian patients, who have greater tendencies for hypertrophic scarring and scar hypopigmentation or hyperpigmentation. Recently, the skin redraping method, designed with incisions limited within the margins of the medial canthus and precise and targeted disruption of the underlying fibromuscular tissues, has emerged as the preferred surgical technique for many surgeons in Asia because of its effectiveness and superior aesthetic outcomes. This technique delivers the most inconspicuous incisions and is advantageous because it is effective in eliminating epicanthal folds of various severities. Precise execution of this technique is difficult, given the complex 3-dimensional anatomy of the epicanthus. The authors present a detailed explanation of surgical concepts of the skin redraping epicanthoplasty and provide a step-by-step guide to performing this procedure in a safe and effective manner.
Using Behavioral Insights to Strengthen Strategies for Change. Practical Applications for Quality Improvement in Healthcare
Authors: Johansen Rie Laurine Rosenthal , Tulloch Simon 
Published: May 2024

Objectives
For over 30 years, quality improvement (QI) methods have been used as a means of increasing the quality and safety of healthcare services, but with mixed success. One explanation highlighted in the literature for this outcome is the overemphasis on technical elements of change, and a failure to fully appreciate the human side of change. Behavioral insights (BI) is an approach that utilizes knowledge and tools from a broad range of scientific disciplines, such as neuroscience and behavioral psychology, to support behavior change. The aim of this paper is to explore the possibility of supplementing QI methods with tools and understanding from BI.

Methods
We outline a practical case that involved applying aspects BI methods into a QI program aimed at reducing the use of intravenous antibiotics in patients accessing services at a busy university hospital in Copenhagen, Denmark. We exemplify how to use BI tools to guide the analysis of staff behaviors during standard clinical processes and develop targeted interventions aimed at increasing actions and behaviors more aligned to best clinical practice.

Results
Outcomes suggest that it is possible to combine the models and methods from BI and QI in a way that is helpful in focusing attention on the human side of change when developing strategies for change. Potential psychological barriers identified from the analysis included the following: ‘default inertia,’ ‘decision complexity,’ ‘risk aversion,’ and biases related to confidence, confirmation, and omission.

Conclusions
Future quality improvement projects could benefit from integrating models and tools from BI to guide and support behavior change.
Care interruptions and mortality among adults in Europe and North America
Authors: Trickey Adam , Zhang Lei , Rentsch Christopher T. , Pantazis Nikos , Izquierdo Rebeca , Antinori Andrea , Leierer Gisela , Burkholder Greer , Cavassini Matthias , Palacio-Vieira Jorge , Gill M. John , Teira Ramon , Stephan Christoph , Obel Niels , Vehreschild Jorg-Janne , Sterling Timothy R. , Van Der Valk Marc , Bonnet Fabrice , Crane Heidi M. , Silverberg Michael J. , Ingle Suzanne M. , Sterne Jonathan A.C. ,   the Antiretroviral Therapy Cohort Collaboration (ART-CC)
Published: May 2024

Objective:
Interruptions in care of people with HIV (PWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) are associated with adverse outcomes, but most studies have relied on composite outcomes. We investigated whether mortality risk following care interruptions differed from mortality risk after first starting ART.

Design:
Collaboration of 18 European and North American HIV observational cohort studies of adults with HIV starting ART between 2004 and 2019.

Methods:
Care interruptions were defined as gaps in contact of ≥365 days, with a subsequent return to care (distinct from loss to follow-up), or ≥270 days and ≥545 days in sensitivity analyses. Follow-up time was allocated to no/preinterruption or postinterruption follow-up groups. We used Cox regression to compare hazards of mortality between care interruption groups, adjusting for time-updated demographic and clinical characteristics and biomarkers upon ART initiation or re-initiation of care.

Results:
Of 89 197 PWH, 83.4% were male and median age at ART start was 39 years [interquartile range (IQR): 31–48)]. 8654 PWH (9.7%) had ≥1 care interruption; 10 913 episodes of follow-up following a care interruption were included. There were 6104 deaths in 536 334 person-years, a crude mortality rate of 11.4 [95% confidence interval (CI): 11.1–11.7] per 1000 person-years. The adjusted mortality hazard ratio (HR) for the postinterruption group was 1.72 (95% CI: 1.57–1.88) compared with the no/preinterruption group. Results were robust to sensitivity analyses assuming ≥270-day (HR 1.49, 95% CI: 1.40–1.60) and ≥545-day (HR 1.67, 95% CI: 1.48–1.88) interruptions.

Conclusions:
Mortality was higher among PWH reinitiating care following an interruption, compared with when PWH initially start ART, indicating the importance of uninterrupted care.
Impact of HIV preexposure prophylaxis prescriptions on HIV diagnoses in New York City
Authors: Xia Qiang , Edelstein Zoe R. , Katz Benjamin , Bertolino Daniel , Berry Amanda , Tsoi Benjamin W. , Torian Lucia V. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has proven to be efficacious and effective in preventing HIV infections, but few studies have reported its impact in the real world.

Methods:
We conducted an ecological analysis and compared the trends in HIV PrEP prescriptions with the trends in age-adjusted HIV diagnosis rates in New York City (NYC). Joinpoint regression analyses were used to identify any temporal trends in HIV diagnosis rates in NYC.

Results:
The number of people filling at least one PrEP prescription in NYC increased from 2551 in 2014 to 35 742 in 2022. The overall age-adjusted HIV diagnosis rate steadily decreased from 48.1 per 100 000 in 2003 to 17.1 per 100 000 in 2022. After the rollout of PrEP, accelerated decreases were detected in some subpopulations including white men [2014–2019 annual percentage change (APC): −16.6%; 95% confidence interval (CI) −22.7 to −10.0], Asian/Pacific Islander men (2016–2022 APC: −9.8%), men aged 20–29 years (2017–2020 APC: −9.4%) and 40 –49 years (2014–2020 APC: −12.2%), Latino/Hispanic people aged 40–49 years (2015–2020 APC: −13.0%), white people aged 20–29 years (2012–2022 APC: −11.4%) and 40–49 years (2014–2018 APC: −27.8%), and Asian/Pacific Islander people aged 20–29 years (2017–2022 APC: −13.0%).

Conclusion:
With a high coverage, PrEP can have a long-term impact in reducing HIV infections in a population, but if preexisting social determinants that contribute to racial, ethnic, and gender inequities are not well addressed, the implementation of PrEP can exacerbate these inequalities.
Cell-type-specific Labeling of Endogenous Proteins Using the Split GFP System inDrosophila
Authors: Inal Melissa Ana , Banzai Kota , Kamiyama Rie , Kamiyama Daichi 
Published: May 2024

i.AbstractAccurate identification of the locations of endogenous proteins is crucial for understanding their functions in tissues and cells. However, achieving precise cell-type-specific labeling of proteins has been challengingin vivo. A notable solution to this challenge is the self-complementing split green fluorescent protein (GFP1-10/11) system. In this paper, we present a detailed protocol for labeling endogenous proteins in a cell-type-specific manner using the GFP1-10/11system in fruit flies. This approach depends on the reconstitution of the GFP1-10and GFP11fragments, creating a fluorescence signal. We insert theGFP11fragment into a specific genomic locus while expressing its counterpart,GFP1-10, through an available Gal4 driver line. The unique aspect of this system is that neither GFP1-10nor GFP11alone emits fluorescence, enabling the precise detection of protein localization only in Gal4-positive cells expressing the GFP11tagged endogenous protein. We illustrate this technique using the adhesion molecule geneteneurin-m(Ten-m) as a model, highlighting the generation and validation of GFP11protein trap lines via Minos-mediated integration cassette (MiMIC) insertion. Furthermore, we demonstrate the cell-type-specific labeling of Ten-m proteins in the larval brains of fruit flies. This method significantly enhances our ability to image endogenous protein localization patterns in a cell-type-specific manner and is adaptable to various model organisms beyond fruit flies.
Quinolinic acid links kidney injury to brain toxicity
Authors: Saliba Afaf , Debnath Subrata , Tamayo Ian , Tumova Jana , Maddox Meyer , Singh Pragya , Fastenau Caitlyn , Maity Soumya , Lee Hak Joo , Zhang Guanshi , Hejazi Leila , O’Connor Jason C. , Fongang Bernard , Hopp Sarah C , Bieniek Kevin F. , Lechleiter James D. , Sharma Kumar 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTKidney dysfunction often leads to neurological impairment, yet the complex kidney-brain relationship remains elusive. We employed spatial and bulk metabolomics to investigate a mouse model of rapid kidney failure induced by mouse double minute 2 (Mdm2)conditional deletion in the kidney tubules to interrogate kidney and brain metabolism. Pathway enrichment analysis of focused plasma metabolomics panel pinpointed tryptophan metabolism as the most altered pathway with kidney failure. Spatial metabolomics showed toxic tryptophan metabolites in the kidneys and brains, revealing a novel connection between advanced kidney disease and accelerated kynurenine degradation. In particular, the excitotoxic metabolite quinolinic acid was localized in ependymal cells adjacent to the ventricle in the setting of kidney failure. These findings were associated with brain inflammation and cell death. A separate mouse model of acute kidney injury also had an increase in circulating toxic tryptophan metabolites along with altered brain inflammation. Patients with advanced CKD similarly demonstrated elevated plasma kynurenine metabolites and quinolinic acid was uniquely correlated with fatigue and reduced quality of life in humans. Overall, our study identifies the kynurenine pathway as a bridge between kidney decline, systemic inflammation, and brain toxicity, offering potential avenues for diagnosis and treatment of neurological issues in kidney disease.
Neuronal interactions in forebrain organoids lead to protective antiviral responses
Authors: Negatu Seble G. , Vazquez Christine , Bannerman Carl , Amses Kevin R. , Ming Guo-li , Jurado Kellie A. 
Published: May 2024

SUMMARYNeurotropic viruses are the most common cause of infectious encephalitis and largely target neurons for infection. Our understanding of intrinsic neuronal innate immune response capacity to mediate protective antiviral responses remains incomplete. Here, we evaluated the role of intercellular crosstalk in mediating intrinsic neuronal immunity and its contribution to limiting viral infection. We found that in the absence of viral antagonism, neurons transcriptionally induce robust interferon signaling and can effectively signal to neighboring uninfected bystander neurons. Yet, in two-dimensional cultures, this dynamic response did not restrict viral spread. Interestingly, this differed in the context of viral infection in three-dimensional forebrain organoids with complex neuronal interactions, where we observed protective capacity. We show antiviral crosstalk between infected neurons and bystander neural progenitors is mediated by type I interferon signaling. Using spatial transcriptomics, we then uncover distinct regions of bystander progenitor interactions that reveal critical underpinnings of protective antiviral responses, including expression of distinct antiviral genes. These findings underscore the importance of intercellular communication in protective antiviral immunity in the brain and implicate key contributions to protective antiviral signaling.
Using informative priors to account for identifiability issues in occupancy models with identification errors
Authors: Monchy Célian , Etienne Marie-Pierre , Gimenez Olivier 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNon-invasive monitoring techniques like camera traps, autonomous recording units and environmental DNA are increasingly used to collect data for understanding species distribution. These methods have prompted the development of statistical models to suit specific sampling designs and get reliable ecological inferences.Site occupancy models estimate species occurrence patterns, accounting for the possibility that the target species may be present but unobserved. Here, two key processes are crucial: detection, when a species leaves signs of its presence, and identification where these signs are accurately recognized. While both processes are prone to error in general, wrong identifications are often considered as negligible with in situ observations. When applied to passive bio-monitoring data, characterized by datasets requiring automated processing, this second source of error can no longer be ignored as misclassifications at both steps can lead to significant biases in ecological estimates. Several model extensions have been proposed to address these potential errors.We propose an extended occupancy model that accounts for the identification process in addition to detection. Similar to other recent attempts to account for false positives, our model may suffer from identifiability issues, which usually require another source of data with perfect identification to resolve them. As an alternative when such data are unavailable, we propose leveraging existing knowledge of the identification process within a Bayesian framework by incorporating this knowledge through an informative prior. Through simulations, we compare different prior choices that encode varying levels of information, ranging from cases where no prior knowledge is available, to instances with accurate metrics on the performance of the identification, and scenarios based on generally accepted assumptions. We demonstrate that, compared to using a default prior, integrating information about the identification process as a prior reduces bias in parameter estimates. Overall, our approach mitigates identifiability issues, reduces estimation bias, and minimizes data requirements.In conclusion, we provide a statistical method applicable to various monitoring designs, such as camera trap, bioacoustics, or eDNA surveys, alongside non-invasive sampling technologies, to produce ecological outcomes that inform conservation decisions.