bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Surface Markers by Combined Membrane-Polysome Translation State Array Analysis and Immunotranscriptional Profiling
Authors: Kolle Gabriel , Ho Mirabelle , Zhou Qi , Chy Hun S. , Krishnan Keerthana , Cloonan Nicole , Bertoncello Ivan , Laslett Andrew L. , Grimmond Sean M. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Surface marker expression forms the basis for characterization and isolation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Currently, there are few well-defined protein epitopes that definitively mark hESCs. Here we combine immunotranscriptional profiling of hESC lines with membrane-polysome translation state array analysis (TSAA) to determine the full set of genes encoding potential hESC surface marker proteins. Three independently isolated hESC lines (HES2, H9, and MEL1) grown under feeder and feeder-free conditions were sorted into subpopulations by fluorescence-activated cell sorting based on coimmunoreactivity to the hESC surface markers GCTM-2 and CD9. Colony-forming assays confirmed that cells displaying high coimmunoreactivity to GCTM-2 and CD9 constitute an enriched subpopulation displaying multiple stem cell properties. Following microarray profiling, 820 genes were identified that were common to the GCTM-2high/CD9high stem cell-like subpopulation. Membrane-polysome TSAA analysis of hESCs identified 1,492 mRNAs encoding actively translated plasma membrane and secreted proteins. Combining these data sets, 88 genes encode proteins that mark the pluripotent subpopulation, of which only four had been previously reported. Cell surface immunoreactivity was confirmed for two of these markers: TACSTD1/EPCAM and CDH3/P-Cadherin, with antibodies for EPCAM able to enrich for pluripotent hESCs. This comprehensive listing of both hESCs and spontaneous differentiation-associated transcripts and survey of translated membrane-bound and secreted proteins provides a valuable resource for future study into the role of the extracellular environment in both the maintenance of pluripotency and directed differentiation.
Radio resource allocation for interference management in mobile broadband OFDMA based networks
Authors: Hernández Ángela , Guío Israel , Valdovinos Antonio 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis paper focuses on the inter‐cell interference (ICI) management problem in the downlink channel for mobile broadband wireless OFDMA‐based systems. This subject is addressed from the standpoint of different interrelated resource allocation mechanisms operating in multi‐cell scenarios in order to exploit frequency and multi‐user diversity: ICI coordination/avoidance and adaptive subcarrier and power allocation. Even though these methods can be applied in a stand‐alone way, a significant performance improvement is achieved if they are jointly designed and operate in a combined basis. Several alternatives for mixed frequency and power ICI coordination schemes are proposed in this paper. Connected with a proper power mask‐based design, the potential gain of a flexible frequency sectorization solution, halfway between fractional/soft frequency reuse and pure frequency sectorization, is explored. The main objective is to outperform fractional/soft frequency reuse offering an attractive trade‐off between cell‐edge user data rates and average cell throughput. Proposals concerning ICI coordination/avoidance have been evaluated in combination with several heuristic adaptive subcarrier and power allocation algorithms. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Die Kristallstrukturen der Cyanidofluoridoborate K[BFx(CN)4–x], x = 0–4
Authors: Bernhardt Eduard , Willner Helge 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe crystal structure of K[BF3(CN)] (Pbcn (Nr. 60) with a = 13.3486(15) b = 6.5239(7) c = 10.0085(11) Å, and eight formula units per unit cell) has been determined and the one of K[BF2(CN)2] was confirmed and improved. The different networks in the complete series of borates K[BFx(CN)4–x], x = 0–4 are compared and discussed.
The Crystal Structures of Er3OFS3 and Er3OF3S2: Two Erbium Oxide Fluoride Sulfides with Condensed Tetrahedral [ZEr4] Units (Z = O and F)
Authors: Strobel Sabine , Müller Alexander C. , Schleid Thomas 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe two new compounds Er3OFS3 and Er3OF3S2 vary mostly in their fluoride and sulfide content. The fluoride‐poor erbium(III) oxide fluoride sulfide Er3OFS3 crystallizes in the tetragonal space group I4/mmm (a = 374.86(2), c = 2068.41(9) pm, Z = 2) with two crystallographically different Er3+ cations. (Er1)3+ is surrounded by six S2– anions in the shape of a slightly distorted octahedron, whereas (Er2)3+ exhibits a coordination number of eight (4 × O2–/F– and 4 × S2– arranged as a square antiprism). In the crystal structure of Er3OFS3 edge‐sharing tetrahedral [ZEr4]10.5+ units (Zn– = 50 % O2– + 50 % F–) form condensed {}^2_\infty[OFEr2]3+ layers. These layers alternate with {}^2_\infty[ErS3]3– sheets, built up of [ErS6]9– octahedra, which are connected through four common edges, to complete the three‐dimensional crystal structure of Er3OFS3. The fluoride‐rich erbium(III) oxide fluoride sulfide Er3OF3S2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Ccce (a = 538.31(2), b = 1892.03(9), c = 538.27(2) pm, Z = 4). Two crystallographically distinct Er3+ cations are present in its crystal structure. (Er1)3+ is surrounded by eight Zn– anions (Z = 25 % O2– + 75 % F–) in the shape of a twisted square antiprism, whereas (Er2)3+ holds a coordination number of nine (4 × O2–/F– and 5 × S2– arranged as a monocapped square antiprism), copying the arrangement around the Er3+ cations in PbFCl‐type ErFS. The three‐dimensional structure of Er3OF3S2 is built up of S2– sheets and {}^2_\infty[OF3Er3]4+ double layers, which are formed by strongly contorted tetrahedral [ZEr4]10.75+ units (Zn– = 25 % O2– + 75 % F–). The crystals of this compound show a prominent superstructure in the tetragonal space group I4/mmm with a = 380.59(3), c = 1892.03(9) pm and Z = 2. In the crystal structures of both title compounds, the light anions O2– and F– occupy one crystallographically unique Wyckoff position in a statistic allocation. Subject to the O/F content in the formulae, the ratio of O2–:F– is 1:1 in Er3OFS3 and 1:3 in Er3OF3S2.
Finite‐Time Thermodynamics and the Optimal Control of Chemical Syntheses
Authors: Schön J. Christian 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe optimization of chemical processes that take place in a finite time constitutes an important application of finite‐time thermodynamics. In this study we investigate two generic optimal control problems for nucleation‐and‐growth based syntheses: the maximization of the amount of a crystalline solid phase generated via cooling from the melt within a finite time τ, and the maximization of the difference between two metastable crystalline modifications again synthesized by crystallization from a supercooled melt. In both cases the optimal temperature program consists in a bang‐bang solution with constant values of the temperature, where a switch from a temperature T1, where nucleation rates are high, to a temperature T0 > T1, where the growth rates of the crystallites are maximal, occurs. The location of the switching time ts* (0 ≤ ts* ≤ τ) is analyzed as function of the parameters of the models describing the chemical systems, and an application to the synthesis of glycerol crystals is given.
Plant foods and the risk of cerebrovascular diseases: a potential protection of fruit consumption
Authors: Mizrahi Anna , Knekt Paul , Montonen Jukka , Laaksonen Maarit A. , Heliövaara Markku , Järvinen Ritva 
Published: July 2009

Studies on the association between plant foods and cerebrovascular diseases have given contradictory results suggesting the existence of some effect-modifying factors. The present study determines whether the consumption of plant foods (i.e. fruits and berries, vegetables, and cereals) predicts a decreased cerebrovascular disease incidence in a population with low fruit and vegetable and high wholegrain intake. This cohort study on 3932 men and women was based on data from the Finnish Mobile Clinic Health Examination Survey, conducted in 1968–72. The participants were 40–74 years of age and free of cardiovascular diseases at baseline. Data on the plant food consumption were derived from a 1-year dietary history interview. During a 24-year follow-up 625 cases of cerebrovascular diseases occurred, leading to either hospitalisation or death. An inverse association was found between fruit consumption and the incidence of cerebrovascular diseases, ischaemic stroke and intracerebral haemorrhage. The adjusted relative risks (RR) between the highest and lowest quartiles of intake of any cerebrovascular disease, ischaemic stroke and intracerebral haemorrhage were 0·75 (95 % CI 0·59, 0·94), 0·73 (95 % CI 0·54, 1·00) and 0·47 (95 % CI 0·24, 0·92), respectively. These associations were primarily due to the consumption of citrus fruits and occurred only in men. Total consumption of vegetables or cereals was not associated with the cerebrovascular disease incidence. The consumption of cruciferous vegetables, however, predicted a reduced risk of cerebrovascular diseases (RR 0·79; 95 % CI 0·63, 0·99), ischaemic stroke (RR 0·67; 95 % CI 0·49, 0·92) and intracerebral haemorrhage (RR 0·49; 95 % CI 0·25, 0·98). In conclusion, the consumption of fruits, especially citrus, and cruciferous vegetables may protect against cerebrovascular diseases.
DIOPHANTINE APPROXIMATION BY PRIMES
Authors: MATOMÄKI KAISA 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe show that whenever δ > 0 and constants λisatisfy some necessary conditions, there are infinitely many prime triplesp1,p2,p3satisfying the inequality |λ0+ λ1p1+ λ2p2+ λ3p3| < (maxpj)−2/9+δ. The proof uses Davenport–Heilbronn adaption of the circle method together with a vector sieve method.
COMPARISON THEOREMS ON THE OSCILLATION AND ASYMPTOTIC BEHAVIOUR OF HIGHER-ORDER NEUTRAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Authors: KARPUZ BAŞAK , ÖCALAN ÖZKAN , ÖZTÜRK SERMIN 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn this work, oscillatory and asymptotic behaviours of all solutions of higher-order neutral differential equations are compared with first-order delay differential equations, depending on two different ranges of the coefficient associated with the neutral part. Some simple examples are given to compare our results with the existing results in the literature and to illustrate the significance and applicability of our new results. Our results generalise, improve and correct some of the existing results in the literature.
Striking Deaths: Lethal Contestation and the “Exceptional” Character of the American Labor Movement, 1870–1970
Authors: Lipold Paul F. , Isaac Larry W. 
Published: July 2009

SummaryThe decades between the Great Railway Strike of 1877 and the post-World- War-II institutionalization of organized labor in the US have been impressionistically characterized by labor scholars as the most violent and bloody to be found in any Western, democratic nation. A variety of different forms of labor repression have been identified and studied. Yet because of a lack of systematic data, none have been able to examine directly the incidence and contours of the ultimate form of violent repression in collective contention. We create the conceptual space for pursuing bloodshed and a new data set featuring deaths resulting from labor strikes as a new and promising direction in the American exceptionalism debate and in studies of comparative strikes. Through a painstaking search of the historical record, we produce the first systematic quantitative gauge of striking deaths between 1870 and 1970. These data permit a mapping of fatalities resulting from labor strikes across time, geographical region, and industry. After describing configurations of strike-based mortality, we suggest what these patterned variations may mean and identify additional questions that these data may help resolve in subsequent studies. We urge comparable data collections in other countries that would permit direct comparative-historical assessments of the magnitude and role of bloodshed in different labor movements.
“I Fear You Will Think Me Too Presumtuous in My Demands but Necessity Has No Law”: Clothing in English Pauper Letters, 1800–1834
Authors: King Steven 
Published: July 2009

SummaryThis article investigates the way in which the English poor used the rhetoric of clothing in their engagement with local officials as they attempted to secure poor relief. Using letters written about or by the dependent poor from a wide selection of English communities, the article suggests that the poor employed concepts such as raggedness, lost clothing, nakedness, compromised dignity, and community presence and the link between poor clothing and unemployment, to assert their deservingness. An exemplar of a series of letters from the same person is used to explore how paupers developed the rhetoric of clothing over a sustained period of correspondence, suggesting that paupers had a keen appreciation of the impact of compromised clothing in their negotiations with officials. Ultimately, this paper will argue, paupers and officials had a shared concept of minimal clothing standards and a shared linguistic register for linking clothing and deservingness.
Long-term relationships among early first language skills, second language aptitude, second language affect, and later second language proficiency
Authors: SPARKS RICHARD L. , PATTON JON , GANSCHOW LEONORE , HUMBACH NANCY 
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACTFifty-four students were followed over 10 years beginning in first grade to determine best predictors of oral and written second language (L2) proficiency. Predictor variables included measures of first language (L1) skill administered in first through fifth grades, L1 academic aptitude, L2 aptitude (Modern Language Aptitude Test), and L2 affect (motivation, anxiety). All participants completed 2 years of L2 study in high school. Findings revealed strong correlations between early L1 skills and later L2 proficiency, but the Modern Language Aptitude Test was the best predictor of overall L2 proficiency and most L2 proficiency subtests. However, L1 word decoding was the best predictor of L2 word decoding skills. Early L1 skills, L2 motivation, or L2 anxiety added a small amount of variance to the prediction models. Findings suggested that language-related variables are the most robust predictors of L2 proficiency. Results are discussed in the context of long-term cross linguistic transfer of early L1 skills to later L2 aptitude and L2 proficiency.
Terrestrial and understorey insectivorous birds of a Peruvian cloud forest: species richness, abundance, density, territory size and biomass
Authors: Kikuchi David W. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract:Terrestrial insectivorous birds in a cloud-forest on the north-western slope of the Peruvian Andes were described in terms of species richness, abundance, density, territory size and biomass. Abundance, density and territory size were also characterized for several understorey insectivores. The three terrestrial insectivore species, all in the genusGrallaria, had 35.25 territories on a 26.2-ha plot, defended territories of (mean ± SD) 1.65 ± 1.34 ha, dwelled at an average density of 4.4 ± 2.7 pairs per 10 ha per species and constituted a biomass of 2470 g per 10 ha. Eight understorey insectivore species had 122.75 territories on the plot, held territories 0.86 ± 0.62 ha in size, and lived at an average density of 5.0 ± 2.7 pairs per 10 ha per species. Six of the 11 species studied each occupied over 50% of the plot. Data on terrestrial insectivores from this study were compared with data from other Neotropical plots to examine how properties of guild structure relate to one another. Increasing densities, smaller territory sizes and higher biomasses appeared to be linked with decreasing species richness and increasing elevation, suggesting consistent patterns of covariance.
Mountains of Sublimity, Mountains of Fatigue: Towards a History of Speechlessness in the Alps
Authors: Felsch Philipp 
Published: July 2009

ArgumentThe discovery of the Alps in the second half of the eighteenth century spawned an aesthetics of sublimity that enabled overwhelmed beholders of mountains to overcome their confusion symbolically by transforming initial speechlessness into pictures and words. When travelers ceased to be content with beholding mountains, however, and began climbing them, the sublime shudder turned into something else. In the snowy heights, all attempts to master symbolically the challenging landscape was thwarted by vertigo, somnolence, and fatigue. After 1850, physiologists intervened, using the Alpine terrain as a laboratory landscape that was ideally suited to examine one of the most threatening concerns offin de siècleindustrial societies: fatigue. This essay examines how the picturesque voyage turned into an experimental physiology of fatigue, and how the “wordless subjectivity” of romantic travelers turned into the “wordless objectivity” of life scientists.
Mountains Made in Switzerland: Facts and Concerns in Nineteenth-Century Cartography
Authors: Speich Daniel 
Published: July 2009

ArgumentCultural history has investigated the appropriation of mountain wilderness in considerable detail, without however systematically including the contributions of science and technology in the process. This paper suggests a way of filling this gap. It argues that cartography was instrumental in giving mountains their modern shape. In the course of the nineteenth century, mountains arguably gained a new factual existence at the intersection of new aesthetic, scientific, economic, and political concerns with landscape. Taking the case of Swiss cartography, the paper shows how mapmakers strived to represent this matter of concern in ever more perfect ways, culminating in the three-dimensional rendering of mountains as plaster reliefs. The paper concludes with the observation that this transformation is to a certain extent irreversible. The mountains made in Switzerland in the nineteenth century are probably here to stay.
Professionals on the Peak
Authors: Becker Catherine Nisbett 
Published: July 2009

ArgumentThe administration of mountain expeditions from the ground created special managerial problems. The Harvard College Observatory's Boyden Expeditions of 1887–1890 sent men and materiel to three sites: Pike's Peak, Colorado; Mount Wilson, California; and Chosica, Peru. Their goal was to test sites in order to find a suitable site for a permanent Boyden station to conduct astrophysical work in service of Harvard's preexisting projects. The logistical difficulties of living on the mountainside combined with the organizational difficulties of administrating a station at a distance. The men who lived on the mountain were professionally vulnerable, and often cut off from their home observatory both by the weather conditions at their own altitude and local politics on the ground below them. Only when an unbroken line of communication could be established between the mountain station and the Harvard Observatory could the astronomers on both ends work together to create a successful expedition.
Characterising equilibrium logic and nested logic programs: Reductions and complexity,
Authors: PEARCE DAVID , TOMPITS HANS , WOLTRAN STEFAN 
Published: July 2009

AbstractEquilibrium logic is an approach to non-monotonic reasoning that extends the stable-model and answer-set semantics for logic programs. In particular, it includes the general case ofnested logic programs, where arbitrary Boolean combinations are permitted in heads and bodies of rules, as special kinds of theories. In this paper, we present polynomial reductions of the main reasoning tasks associated with equilibrium logic and nested logic programs intoquantified propositional logic, an extension of classical propositional logic where quantifications over atomic formulas are permitted. Thus, quantified propositional logic is a fragment of second-order logic, and its formulas are usually referred to asquantified Boolean formulas(QBFs). We provide reductions not only for decision problems, but also for the central semantical concepts of equilibrium logic and nested logic programs. In particular, our encodings map a given decision problem into some QBF such that the latter is valid precisely in case the former holds. The basic tasks we deal with here are theconsistency problem,brave reasoningandskeptical reasoning. Additionally, we also provide encodings for testing equivalence of theories or programs under different notions of equivalence, viz.ordinary,stronganduniform equivalence. For all considered reasoning tasks, we analyse their computational complexity and give strict complexity bounds. Hereby, our encodings yield upper bounds in a direct manner. Besides this useful feature, our approach has the following benefits: First, our encodings yield auniform axiomatisationfor a variety of problems in a common language. Second, extant solvers for QBFs can be used as back-end inference engines to realise implementations of the encoded task in a rapid prototyping manner. Third, our axiomatisations also allow us to straightforwardly relate equilibrium logic with circumscription.
Meta‐analysis: deamidated gliadin peptide antibody and tissue transglutaminase antibody compared as screening tests for coeliac disease
Authors: LEWIS N. R. , SCOTT B. B. 
Published: July 2009

SummaryBackground  Following the appreciation of the importance of gliadin deamidation in the immunopathogenesis of coeliac disease, diagnostic tests based on antibodies to deamidated gliadin peptides have been developed and shown to have high sensitivity and specificity.Aim  To compare the performance of the deamidated gliadin peptides antibody test with the current standard, the tissue transglutaminase antibody test, through a meta‐analysis of published studies.Methods  Databases from 1998 to 2008 were searched for relevant studies. These were assessed for methodological quality and standard statistical tests were applied to compare particularly the sensitivity and specificity of the two tests for the diagnosis of coeliac disease.Results  Most studies had methodological flaws, especially ascertainment bias. The pooled sensitivities for the deamidated gliadin peptides antibody and tissue transglutaminase antibody tests were 87.8% (95% CI, 85.6–89.9) and 93.0% (95% CI, 91.2–94.5) respectively and the pooled specificities were 94.1% (95% CI, 92.5–95.5) and 96.5% (95% CI, 95.2–97.5) respectively.Conclusion  Although both tests perform well, the tissue transglutaminase antibody test outperforms the deamidated gliadin peptides antibody test and remains the preferred serological test for the diagnosis and/or exclusion of coeliac disease.
Biological measurements in a nationwide soil monitoring network
Authors: Rutgers M. , Schouten A. J. , Bloem J. , Van Eekeren N. , De Goede R. G. M. , Jagersop Akkerhuis G. A. J. M. , Van der Wal A. , Mulder C. , Brussaard L. , Breure A. M. 
Published: July 2009

SummaryIn the Netherlands soil biological measurements are undertaken in a nationwide monitoring programme. The measurements are combined in the Biological Indicator of Soil Quality (BISQ). About 300 locations were selected in a random stratified design comprising stringent combinations of land use and soil type. All locations were sampled in a six‐year cycle. In this contribution we describe the monitoring network and the BISQ and present average values for biomass, abundances and taxonomic diversity of various soil dwelling organisms derived from 10 years of measurements. We further highlight some results and discuss the possibilities in soil and land management policy frameworks for improving sustainable land management.