bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of oral administration of microcin Y on growth performance, intestinal barrier function and gut microbiota of chicks challenged with Salmonella Pullorum
Authors: Li Wenjing , Zeng Zhiwei , Zhou Di , Wang Guyao , Wang Zepeng , Li Yu , Han Yu , Qin Miaomiao , Luo Changqi , Feng Saixiang , Cao Weisheng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe lasso peptide microcin Y (MccY) effectively inhibits various serotypes of Salmonella in vitro, but the antibacterial effect against S. Pullorum in poultry is still unclear. This study was the first to evaluate the safety and anti-S. Pullorum infection of MccY in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chicks. The safety test showed that the body weight, IgA and IgM levels of serum, and cecal microbiota structure of 3 groups of chicks orally administrated with different doses of MccY (5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg) for 14 days were not significantly different from those of the control group. Then, the chicks were randomized into 3 groups for the experiment of anti-S. Pullorum infection: (I) negative control group (NC), (II) S. Pullorum-challenged group (SP, 5 × 108 CFU/bird), (III) MccY-treated group (MccY, 20 mg/kg). The results indicated that compared to the SP group, treatment of MccY increased body weight and average daily gain (P < 0.05), reduced S. Pullorum burden in feces, liver, and cecum (P < 0.05), enhanced the thymus, and decreased the spleen and liver index (P < 0.05). Additionally, MccY increased the jejunal villus height, lowered the jejunal and ileal crypt depth (P < 0.05), and upregulated the expression of IL-4, IL-10, ZO-1 in the jejunum and ileum, as well as CLDN-1 in the jejunum (P < 0.05) compared to the SP group. Furthermore, MccY increased probiotic flora (Barnesiella, etc.), while decreasing (P < 0.05) the relative abundance of pathogenic flora (Escherichia and Salmonella, etc.) compared to the SP group.
Prognostic value of serum lactate level for mortality in patients with acute kidney injury
Authors: Chen Meng , Lv Dezhao 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Serum lactate is associated with mortality in diverse kinds of patients. This study aimed to investigate whether serum lactate level may independently predict mortality in acute kidney injury (AKI) patients.

Methods
A total of 4461 AKI patients were collected from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC III) database and followed up for 365 days. According to serum lactate tertiles, participants were divided into three groups (Q1–Q3) by: Q1 ≤ 1.60 mg/dl, Q2 = 1.61–2.70 mg/dl, and Q3 ≥ 2.71 mg/dl. We calculated the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (Cls) for mortality across each tertile of lactate by using the Q1 as reference and constructed four models to adjust for the HR of mortality.

Results
Nonsurvivors had significantly higher lactate compared with patients in the survival group. Mortality rate gradually elevated with the increase in serum lactate level (Q1: 29.30%, Q2: 33.40%, Q3: 37.40%). When compared with Q1 after adjustment of all confounders, the HRs of Q3 still was 1.20 (95% Cl 1.05–1.37).

Conclusions
This study demonstrated that high serum lactate levels were an independent predictor of mortality in AKI patients.
An RNA-seq study in Friedreich ataxia patients identified hsa-miR-148a-3p as a putative prognostic biomarker of the disease
Authors: Vancheri Chiara , Quatrana Andrea , Morini Elena , Mariotti Caterina , Mongelli Alessia , Fichera Mario , Rufini Alessandra , Condò Ivano , Testi Roberto , Novelli Giuseppe , Malisan Florence , Amati Francesca 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFriedreich ataxia (FRDA) is a life-threatening hereditary ataxia; its incidence is 1:50,000 individuals in the Caucasian population. A unique therapeutic drug for FRDA, the antioxidant Omaveloxolone, has been recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). FRDA is a multi-systemic neurodegenerative disease; in addition to a progressive neurodegeneration, FRDA is characterized by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, diabetes mellitus and musculoskeletal deformities. Cardiomyopathy is the predominant cause of premature death. The onset of FRDA typically occurs between the ages of 5 and 15. Given the complexity and heterogeneity of clinical features and the variability of their onset, the identification of biomarkers capable of assessing disease progression and monitoring the efficacy of treatments is essential to facilitate decision making in clinical practice. We conducted an RNA-seq analysis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from FRDA patients and healthy donors, identifying a signature of small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) capable of distinguishing healthy individuals from the majority of FRDA patients. Among the differentially expressed sncRNAs, microRNAs are a class of small non-coding endogenous RNAs that regulate posttranscriptional silencing of target genes. In FRDA plasma samples, hsa-miR-148a-3p resulted significantly upregulated. The analysis of the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve, combining the circulating expression levels of hsa-miR-148a-3p and hsa-miR-223-3p (previously identified by our group), revealed an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.86 (95%, Confidence Interval 0.77–0.95; p-value < 0.0001). An in silico prediction analysis indicated that the IL6ST gene, an interesting marker of neuroinflammation in FRDA, is a common target gene of both miRNAs. Our findings support the evaluation of combined expression levels of different circulating miRNAs as potent epi-biomarkers in FRDA. Moreover, we found hsa-miR-148a-3p significantly over-expressed in Intermediate and Late-Onset Friedreich Ataxia patients’ group (IOG and LOG, respectively) compared to healthy individuals, indicating it as a putative prognostic biomarker in this pathology.
Analyzing the worldwide perception of the Russia-Ukraine conflict through Twitter
Authors: Breve Bernardo , Caruccio Loredana , Cirillo Stefano , Deufemia Vincenzo , Polese Giuseppe 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we analyze the worldwide perception of the Russia-Ukraine conflict (RU conflict for short) on the Twitter platform. The study involved collecting over 17 million tweets written in 63 different languages and conducting a multi-language sentiment analysis, as well as an analysis of their geographical distribution and verification of their temporal relationship to daily events. Additionally, the study focused on analyzing the accounts producing pro-conflict tweets to evaluate the possible presence of bots. The results of the analysis showed that the war had a significant global impact on Twitter, with the volume of tweets increasing as the war’s threats materialized. There was a strong correlation between the succession of events, the volume of tweets, and the prevalence of a specific sentiment. Most tweets had a negative sentiment, while tweets with positive sentiment mainly contained support and hope for people directly involved in the conflict. Moreover, a bot detection analysis performed on the collected tweets revealed the presence of many accounts spreading tweets including pro-conflict hashtags that cannot be identified as real users. Overall, this study sheds light on the importance of social media in shaping public opinion during conflicts and highlights the need for reliable methods to detect bots.
Young children’s trust and sharing decisions
Authors: Kotaman Hüseyin , Aslan Mustafa 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate how young children define trust and to find out if there is a relationship between the people whom they trust and the people with whom they share their favorite food and toy. The participants consist of 273 kindergarteners enrolled in five public kindergartens. Research assistants asked the participants questions such as what they think trust is, who they trust, with whom they want to share their favorite food and favorite toy, and why. Findings did not reveal age or gender as factors for children’s trust and sharing decisions. Children’s trust decisions were not associated with their sharing decisions. Accordingly, it appears that children perceive trust and sharing as two separate concepts. This might be due to the abstract nature of trust and the social nature of sharing, in which immediate reciprocity might play a more important role in children’s sharing decisions. Children mentioned reciprocity as the second highest reason for their sharing decisions.
Comparison of different diet plans on patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Fathy Shaimaa A. , Meligi Amr El , AlWakil Sahar S. , Ahmed Mohamed B. , Ahmed Ghada R. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Obesity and diabetes are interrelated growing problems worldwide. Life style modifications including nutritional intervention are considered the first line in management of diabetes.

Materials and methods
Our study included 81 type 2 diabetic patients, all treated with Metformin 500 mg twice daily, with Body mass index (BMI) more than 25 kg/m2. They were randomized to one of three dietary interventions; high protein diet (Zone diet), high fat diet (Modified Atkins) and conventional high carbohydrates diet with consideration of being on a caloric deficit diet of 500 kcal per day. Patients were assessed by: body mass index, waist circumference and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) method for assessment of body fat and muscle mass (FM, MM) before and after 12 weeks of following a dietary plan. Laboratory tests included: Hemoglobin A1c, C-reactive protein levels, lipid profile and insulin resistance before and after 12 weeks of following a dietary plan.

Results
Significant weight loss and reduction of BMI, reduction of waist circumference, significant fat mass reduction, significant muscle mass reduction, improvement of the insulin resistance, LDL and triglyceride reduction was achieved by the three dietary plans, with no significant difference between them. There was also significant improvement in HbA1c in all dietary plans; however Modified Atkins diet showed more significant improvement. Significant HDL improvement was seen with High carbohydrate diet and Modified Atkins diet, with more significant reduction with Modified Atkins diet, while Zone diet did not show significant improvement. CRP marker of inflammation showed significant improvement with High carbohydrate diet and Modified Atkins diet, while Zone diet did not show significant improvement.

Conclusion
All three dietary plans show benefit and improve the anthropometric and metabolic outcomes of type 2 diabetic patients. Modified Atkins diet showed superior benefit as regards improvement of HbA1c, HDL and CRP in comparison to the other dietary plans.
North County Jail
Authors: Han Sora 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This article explores the history of jail construction and architecture on the occasion of a now vacant North County Jail that sits in the center of downtown Oakland. Put to use neither by the state as COVID-19 ravaged overcrowded prisons nor by the city trying to find ways of offering shelter to the houseless, its vacancy became all the more material during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic. What do abolitionists do with such vacancies? Inspired by the sonic geography of Angela Davis's memories of the New York Women's House of Detention, this article is a performance of how abolitionist thought both engages and exceeds the terms of panopticism by focusing on the curious boundary of the panoptic jail window. The sculptural abolitionist imaginaries provoked by conceptual artists Sonya Clark and Charisse Pearlina Weston provide new ways of doing things with the shadows and sounds these windows reflect, transmit, and occlude.
Effectiveness of preoperative and perioperative pulmonary rehabilitation nursing program for the management of patients undergoing thoracic surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Ming , Yang Xiaoqin , Guo Lingyan 
Published: May 2024

Background & Objective: Several studies have investigated the effectiveness of preoperative or perioperative pulmonary rehabilitation in thoracic surgery patients, but the results are inconsistent and inconclusive. This study attempts to summarize the existing data on the effect of the preoperative and perioperative pulmonary rehabilitation nursing program for the management of patients undergoing thoracic surgery.
Methods: Systematic search was done in PubMed Central, SCOPUS, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect for papers published until December 2022 and reporting data of postoperative complications and pulmonary health status in patients undergoing thoracic surgery and receiving preoperative or perioperative pulmonary rehabilitation nursing intervention or standard care. Meta-analysis was done by random-effects model and pooled standardised mean differences (SMD) or odds ratios (OR) along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported.
Results: Eighteen studies were included and analysed. Pooled SMD was 0.44 (95%CI: -0.21 to 1.08) for forced expiratory volume (FEV-1), -0.34 (95%CI: -0.94 to 0.26) for peak expiratory flow (PEF), 0.61 (95%CI: -0.60 to 1.81) for forced vital capacity (FVC), 0.42 (95%CI: -0.13 to 0.98) for diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide (DLCO). Pooled SMD for length of hospital stay was -0.64 (95%CI: -1.09 to -0.19). Pooled OR was 0.87 [95%CI: 0.32 to 2.37] for all-cause mortality, 0.35 [95%CI: 0.25 to 0.50] for postoperative pulmonary complications, 0.98 [95%CI: 0.45 to 2.12] for respiratory failure, 0.52 [95%CI: 0.38 to 0.78] for pneumonia and 0.50 [95%CI: 0.33 to 0.76] for atelectasis.
Conclusion: Perioperative pulmonary rehabilitation nursing program is effective in reducing the postoperative lung complications and shortening the length of hospital stay in patients undergoing thoracic surgery.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.6.9259
How to cite this: Xu M, Yang X, Guo L. Effectiveness of preoperative and perioperative pulmonary rehabilitation nursing program for the management of patients undergoing thoracic surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(6):1280-1286. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.6.9259
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
From the Orphic texts to the Homeric Epics and to the Dramatic Poetry:
Authors: Makripoulias Vasileios 
Published: May 2024

Logos is the most important requested thing, because this is the internal joint which unites beings and their evolution. We think of Logos as a gnosiological and not ontologiacal factor. We are making mention of Logos as a real process and not as a simple manner, because we believe that human Logos could be known by the man of thought and action. Orphic texts rasionalize the universe as a kind of movements and as a dynamic evolution. They can see inside the universal forces the very cause, manner and the purpose of proceeding and improvement, so far these forces are not naughtily thrown any more. Homer’s epics offered an invaluable service to the Humane spiritual arsenal: They connected men with the macrocosm powers, Odysseus, Achilles are made of the same universal powers. These powers are the very God’s content, twelve Gods evolve kosmos according to these universal powers in a humane manner. Human qualities which are attributed to the gods help men to imitate this anthropomorphic way of the gods in order human Logos slowly intervene to the universe world. All these interventions could be transferred through Logos inside human society, inside human organizations. Odysseus learns to use Logos through his contact with the human form of goddess Athena – who represents the Wisdom. So, he can justify his actions, he is able of categorizing his life, he manages to complete his Nostos, the very purpose of Him. In the 5th century a.d. Athens was the sum of people like the Odysseus. The glory City of Athens was an aggregate of thinking people like a Kingdom of wisdom, which is projected in the poetical work of tragic poetry. The reasonable Subject of the Athenean Democracy came up through the Orphic texts and Homeric Epics (we should not forget that Peisistratus (an Athenean tyrant) introduced the Homeric Epics because he thought that these texts could cultivate Athenean adolescents). This reasonable Subject believed that he could transform the universal powers (which influence the earth movement) into ideal social forces, which are able to produce atomic and social happiness and eydaimonia. The bitter denial, which happened through Peloponnesian War, disappeared this kind of human individualism as a piece of universal power. So far kosmic forces separated into two parts: what I can think (idea) and what I could act (praxis). Humanity proceeded glorifying not the sense of what there really exists but glorifying the sense of what I am thinking that there really exists. Plato and Aristotle supported this appreciable process because they thought that idea and not what there really exist is the basis of Human skepsis and praxis.
Law’s diversity:
Authors: Howse Robert 
Published: May 2024

Should the question of what is law be the central preoccupation of legal theory? Is this question inherently normative or could it be adequately answered by a purely descriptive or positive account?[1] Does the question itself wrongly suppose that there is an ultimate unity in law or legality that permits the elaboration of a “concept of law”? In the short Platonic dialogue the Minos, Socrates asks an unnamed comrade, “what is law for us?” Throughout the work Plato puts in question whether an essentialist account of law is reasonable at all, with Socrates and the companion exploring various constructions of law as unitary, universal, and unchangeable. In the argument, all of these are forced to yield to the reality of law’s diversity. This diversity, though, does not prevent a rational account of law’s functions of social order and control, nor exclude that there could be expert knowledge of law oriented to such ends. Yet this knowledge is never absolute or fixed, and always subject to question and modification based on experience of law over time. Hence law can only “wish” to be the discovery of what is. Ultimately law’s diversity does not do justice to human diversity. Law, in responding to collective needs, inevitably clashes with differences among humans to some extent, and even where protecting physical collective existence is unable to minister to the individuality and difference among human souls.
Credit Market Conditions and Mental Health
Authors: Hu Qing , Levine Ross , Lin Chen , Tai Mingzhu 
Published: May 2024

Research offers conflicting predictions about the impact of credit conditions on mental health. We first assess how bank regulatory reforms that improved credit conditions, for example, by enhancing the efficiency of credit allocation and lowering lending rates, impacted mental health. We discover that among low-income individuals, these regulatory reforms reduced mental depression, boosted labor market outcomes, eased access to mortgage debt, and reduced the ranks of the “unbanked.” We also find that mergers of large regional banks that led to branch closures and tighter credit constraints in affected counties harmed the mental health of lower-income individuals in treated counties. This paper was accepted by Kay Giesecke, finance. Funding: C. Lin and M. Tai acknowledge financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 72192841] and the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China [Project T35/710/20R]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.00194 .
Inadequate sanitation in healthcare facilities: A comprehensive evaluation of toilets in major hospitals in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Amin Nuhu , Foster Tim , Hossain Md. Imam , Hasan Md Rezaul , Sarkar Supriya , Rahman Aninda , Adnan Shaikh Daud , Rahman Mahbubur , Willetts Juliet 
Published: May 2024

Background
Lack of access to functional and hygienic toilets in healthcare facilities (HCFs) is a significant public health issue in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), leading to the transmission of infectious diseases. Globally, there is a lack of studies characterising toilet conditions and estimating user-to-toilet ratios in large urban hospitals in LMICs. We conducted a cross-sectional study in 10-government and two-private hospitals to explore the availability, functionality, cleanliness, and user-to-toilet ratio in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Methods
From Aug-Dec 2022, we undertook infrastructure assessments of toilets in selected hospitals. We observed all toilets and recorded attributes of intended users, including sex, disability status, patient status (in-patient/out-patient/caregiver) and/or staff (doctor/nurse/cleaner/mixed-gender/shared). Toilet functionality was defined according to criteria used by the WHO/UNICEF Joint-Monitoring Programme in HCFs. Toilet cleanliness was assessed, considering visible feces on any surface, strong fecal odor, presence of flies, sputum, insects, and rodents, and solid waste.

Results
Amongst 2875 toilets, 2459 (86%) were observed. Sixty-eight-percent of government hospital toilets and 92% of private hospital toilets were functional. Only 33% of toilets in government hospitals and 56% in private hospitals were clean. A high user-to-toilet ratio was observed in government hospitals’ outpatients service (214:1) compared to inpatients service (17:1). User-to-toilet ratio was also high in private hospitals’ outpatients service (94:1) compared to inpatients wards (19:1). Only 3% of toilets had bins for menstrual-pad disposal and <1% of toilets had facilities for disabled people.

Conclusion
A high percentage of unclean toilets coupled with high user-to-toilet ratio hinders the achievement of SDG by 2030 and risks poor infection-control. Increasing the number of usable, clean toilets in proportion to users is crucial. The findings suggest an urgent call for attention to ensure basic sanitation facilities in Dhaka’s HCFs. The policy makers should allocate resources for adequate toilets, maintenance staff, cleanliness, along with strong leadership of the hospital administrators.