bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Women in glaciology, a historical perspective
Authors: Hulbe Christina L. , Wang Weili , Ommanney Simon 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWomen’s history in glaciology extends as far back in time as the discipline itself, although their contributions to the scientific discourse have for all of that history been constrained by the sociopolitical contexts of the times. The firstJournal of Glaciologypaper authored by a woman appeared in 1948, within a year of the founding of theJournal, but it was not until the 1980s that women produced more than a few percent ofJournalandAnnals of Glaciologypapers. Here international perspectives on women’s participation in the sciences are presented in order to establish an economic and sociopolitical context for stories of women ‘pioneers’ in glaciology and a frame in which to discuss women’s persistent under-representation relative to men. We find that the experiences of individual glaciologists mirror women’s experiences in higher education and the sciences as a whole. The existence of both positive and negative trends in women’s participation in the sciences suggests caution in the interpretation of recent positive trends for women’s participation in glaciology.
Transmission des connaissances dans les relations de coopération inter-entreprises : TIC versus face à face
Authors: Aguilera Anne , Lethiais Virginie 
Published: July 2011

L’usage des TIC est régulièrement envisagé comme pouvant favoriser une réduction des besoins de mobilité physique. Cette recherche vise à identifier et hiérarchiser les facteurs qui influencent la fréquence relative des rencontres face à face dans les relations de coopération inter-entreprises. Une analyse économétrique, basée sur une enquête auprès de 348 entreprises bretonnes, nous permet de confirmer l’existence d’une relation positive entre le besoin de partager des informations tacites et les rencontres face à face. Nous montrons aussi que la capacité à codifier les échanges, la distance géographique entre les partenaires, le nombre des relations de coopération et l’appropriation d’Internet dans l’entreprise contribuent à réduire le recours à la mobilité.
Chemical Coupling of Carbon Nanotubes and Silicon Nanoparticles for Improved Negative Electrode Performance in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Martin Cédric , Crosnier Olivier , Retoux Richard , Bélanger Daniel , Schleich Donald M. , Brousse Thierry 
Published: July 2011

AbstractMulti‐walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/silicon nanocomposites obtained by a grafting technique using the diazonium chemistry are used to prepare silicon negative electrodes for lithium‐ion batteries. The covalent bonding of the two compounds is obtained via mono‐ and multi‐layers of phenyl bridges, leading to an ideal dispersion of MWCNTs and silicon nanoparticles that are bound together. The presence of MWCNTs close to silicon nanoparticles enhances the electronic pathway to the active material particles and probably helps to prevent silicon decrepitation upon repeated lithium insertion/extraction by improving the mechanical stability of the electrode at a nanoscale level. This effect results in the enhancement of cycling ability and capacity, which are demonstrated by comparing the nanocomposite electrode to a simple mixture of the two compounds. This technique can be applied to other carbon conductive additives together with silicon or other nanosized active compounds.
Very Low Degree of Energetic Disorder as the Origin of High Mobility in an n‐channel Polymer Semiconductor
Authors: Caironi Mario , Bird Matt , Fazzi Daniele , Chen Zhihua , Di Pietro Riccardo , Newman Christopher , Facchetti Antonio , Sirringhaus Henning 
Published: July 2011

AbstractCharge transport is investigated in high‐mobility n‐channel organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) based on poly{[N,N′‐bis(2‐octyldodecyl)‐naphthalene‐1,4,5,8‐bis(dicarboximide)‐2,6‐diyl]‐alt‐5,5′‐(2,2′‐bithiophene)} (P(NDI2OD‐T2), Polyera ActivInk™ N2200) with variable‐temperature electrical measurements and charge‐modulation spectroscopy. Results indicate an unusually uniform energetic landscape of sites for charge‐carrier transport along the channel of the transistor as the main reason for the observed high‐electron mobility. Consistent with a lateral field‐independent transport at temperatures down to 10 K, the reorganization energy is proposed to play an important role in determining the activation energy for the mobility. Quantum chemical calculations, which show an efficient electronic coupling between adjacent units and a reorganization energy of a few hundred meV, are consistent with these findings.
Anointing variation across wild capuchin populations: a review of material preferences, bout frequency and anointing sociality in Cebus and Sapajus
Authors: Alfaro Jessica W. Lynch , Matthews Luke , Boyette Adam H. , Macfarlan Shane J. , Phillips Kimberley A. , Falótico Tiago , Ottoni Eduardo , Verderane Michele , Izar Patrícia , Schulte Meredith , Melin Amanda , Fedigan Linda , Janson Charles , Alfaro Michael E. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe frequency of anointing bouts and the materials used for self‐ and social anointing vary across capuchin species in captivity, but there is little published data on capuchin anointing in the wild. Here we present previously unpublished data on anointing behaviors from capuchin monkey populations at ten different field sites and incorporate these data into a review of the anointing literature for captive and wild capuchins. Using a comparative phylogenetic framework, we test four hypotheses derived primarily from captive literature for variation in anointing between wild untufted capuchins (Cebus) and tufted capuchins (Sapajus), including that (1) the frequency of anointing is higher in Cebus, (2) Cebus uses a higher proportion of plant species to insect species for anointing compared with Sapajus, (3) anointing material diversity is higher in Cebus, and (4) social indices of anointing are higher in Cebus. We found that wild Cebus anoints more with plant parts, including fruits, whereas wild Sapajus anoints more with ants and other arthropods. Cebus capucinus in particular uses more plant species per site for anointing compared with other capuchins and may specialize in anointing as an activity independent from foraging, whereas most other capuchin species tend to eat the substances they use for anointing. In agreement with captive studies, we found evidence that wild Cebus anoints at a significantly higher frequency than Sapajus. However, contrary to the captive literature, we found no difference in the range of sociality for anointing between Cebus and Sapajus in the wild. We review anointing in the context of other Neotropical primate rubbing behaviors and consider the evidence for anointing as self‐medication; as a mechanism for enhanced sociality; and as a behavioral response to chemical stimuli. Am. J. Primatol. 74:299–314, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bacterial pathogens of acute sinusitis in the osteomeatal complex during common colds and wellness
Authors: Han Joseph K. , Hendley J. Owen , Winther Birgit 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground:Pathogenic bacteria have been cultured from the osteomeatal complex (OMC) in one‐third of adults with apparent acute bacterial sinusitis; however, it is not known whether bacteria are present in the OMC during uncomplicated viral colds in adults.Methods:Adult volunteers were recruited for a study during wellness and at the time of acute common cold. Swab cultures were obtained from the OMC and from the nasopharynx by 2 routes (through the nose and through the mouth). Swab eluates were inoculated on selective agars to detect S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and M. catarrhalis.Results:Bacterial pathogens were detected in the OMC more frequently during common colds than during wellness (31% vs 8%, p < 0.008). Pathogens detected in the OMC were always present in the nasopharynx of the subject.Conclusion:Bacterial pathogens are present in the OMC in a subgroup of adult patients with uncomplicated upper respiratory illness/common cold. The nasopharynx appears to be the reservoir for bacterial pathogens in the OMC. © 2011 ARS‐AAOA, LLC.
Intraarticular injection of platelet‐rich plasma reduces inflammation in a pig model of rheumatoid arthritis of the knee joint
Authors: Lippross Sebastian , Moeller Bjoern , Haas Holger , Tohidnezhad Mersedeh , Steubesand Nadine , Wruck Christoph Jan , Kurz Bodo , Seekamp Andreas , Pufe Thomas , Varoga Deike 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectiveTreatment options for rheumatoid arthritis range from symptomatic approaches to modern molecular interventions such as inhibition of inflammatory mediators. Inhibition of inflammation by platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) has been proposed as a treatment for tendinitis and osteoarthritis. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of PRP on antigen‐induced arthritis (AIA) of the knee joint in a large animal model.MethodsSix‐month‐old pigs (n = 10) were systemically immunized by bovine serum albumin (BSA) injection, and arthritis was induced by intraarticular BSA injection. PRP was injected into the knee joints of 5 of the animals after 2 weeks. An additional 5 animals received no systemic immunization (controls). Signs of arthritis were documented by plain histologic analysis, Safranin O staining, and immunohistochemistry analysis for type II collagen (CII), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), IL‐6, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), VEGF, and insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) protein content was measured by Luminex assay.ResultsIn the pigs with AIA, plain histologic analysis revealed severe arthritic changes in the synovium. Safranin O and CII staining showed decreased proteoglycan and CII content in cartilage. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed increased levels of IL‐6 and VEGF in synovium and cartilage, and protein concentrations of IL‐6, VEGF, IL‐1β, and IGF‐1 in synovium and cartilage were elevated as well; in addition, TNFα protein was increased in cartilage. Treatment with PRP led to attenuation of these arthritic changes in the synovium and cartilage.ConclusionWe have described a porcine model of AIA. Experiments using this model demonstrated that PRP can attenuate arthritic changes as assessed histologically and based on protein synthesis of typical inflammatory mediators in the synovial membrane and cartilage.
A description of congenital anomalies among infants in Entebbe, Uganda
Authors: Ndibazza Juliet , Lule Swaib , Nampijja Margaret , Mpairwe Harriet , Oduru Gloria , Kiggundu Molly , Akello Miriam , Muhangi Lawrence , Elliott Alison M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Data on congenital anomalies from developing countries of the sub‐Saharan region are scarce. However, it is important to have comprehensive and reliable data on the description and prevalence of congenital anomalies to allow surveillance and the implementation of appropriate public health strategies for prevention and management. In this study, we describe the profile of congenital anomalies seen in a birth cohort in Entebbe, Uganda. METHODS: Congenital anomalies were defined as any structural defect present at birth. Pregnant women were recruited to the cohort between 2003 and 2005. Defects present at birth were recorded by the midwife at delivery and by physicians at the routine six‐week postnatal visit and at illness‐related visits until 1 year of life. The anomalies were classified by organ system according to the 10th version of the World Health Organization International Classification of Diseases (ICD‐10). RESULTS: There were 180 infants with a congenital anomaly among 2365 births. The most commonly affected systems were the musculoskeletal (42.7 per 1000 births) and skin (16.1 per 1000 births). The prevalence of major anomalies was 20.3 per 1000 births; 1.7 per 1000 births for cardiac anomalies and 1.3 per 1000 births for neural system anomalies. Forty (22%) of the congenital anomalies were identified at birth, 131 (73%) at the 6‐week postnatal visit, and nine (5%) at illness‐related visits. CONCLUSION: Congenital anomalies are common in developing countries. Establishment of comprehensive databases for surveillance would be helpful for surveillance of effects of new exposures, for prevention, management, and health care planning. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of developmental toxicity induced by anticholinesterase insecticide, diazinon in female rats
Authors: ElMazoudy Reda H. , Attia Azza A. , AbdElGawad Horeya S. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractDevelopmental toxicities, including birth defects, are significant public health problems. This study was planned to assess the cholinergic and developmental potentials of diazinon that is widely used as an organophosphate insecticide. Pregnant female Sprague‐Dawley rats were given diazinon orally at doses of 0, 1.9, 3.8, and 7.6 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)/day on gestation days 6 to 15. Maternal brain acetylcholinesterase activities, measured on gestation day20, were significantly decreased at 3.8 and 7.6 mg/kg b.w./day, but fetal acetylcholinesterase activity was not altered. Maternal toxicities, as evidenced by cholinergic symptoms including diarrhea, tremors, weakness, salivation, and decreased activities, were observed at the 3.8 and 7.6 mg/kg b.w./day dose groups. Net gravid uterine weight was decreased at a dose of 7.6 mg/kg b.w./day. No maternal effects were apparent in the 1.9 mg/kg b.w./day dose group. Maternal toxicity at a dose of 3.8 mg/kg b.w./day did not induce fetotoxicity or teratogeneicity. However, 7.6 mg/kg b.w./day doses significantly resulted in fetal toxicity and malformations in addition to maternal toxicity in animals. In conclusion, teratogenic disorders only outlined by doses that produced marked maternal toxicity. Since the malformations were not morphologically related, they were considered to be secondary to maternal toxicity; hence, the malformations were not related to cholinesterase inhibition. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 92:534–542, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of complex permittivities of isotonic colloids containing single‐wall carbon nanotubes of varying chirality
Authors: Nair Tejas , Symanowski James T. , Gach H. Michael 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe application of bio‐compatible, conductive nanoparticles in combination with radiofrequency (RF) irradiation to raise tissue temperatures between 40 and 60 °C for hyperthermia and ablation spurred interest in the complex permittivities of isotonic nanoparticle‐based colloids. Nanoparticles with large aspect ratios and high permittivities increase the bulk permittivity of the colloid and RF losses at the macroscopic scale. The complex permittivities of isotonic colloids with and without single‐wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) containing either metallic, semiconducting, or mixed chiralities were measured from 20 MHz to 1 GHz at room temperature. The colloids were made with one of three different isotonic solvents: phosphate buffered saline (PBS), and Dulbecco's modified eagle medium (DMEM) with and without 0.5% weight/volume bovine serum albumin to simulate cytosol and blood, respectively. The concentration of elemental carbon from the SWCNTs in the colloids ranged from 16 to 17 mM. The permittivities were corrected for electrode polarization effects by fitting the data to the Cole–Cole relaxation model with a constant phase angle element. The presence of SWCNTs increased both the real and imaginary components of the permittivities of the colloids. For all three solvents, the direct current (DC) components of the real and imaginary permittivities were greatest for the colloids containing the mixed chirality SWCNTs, followed by the colloids with semiconducting SWCNTs, and then metallic SWCNTs. Bioelectromagnetics 33:134–146, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Photosynthetic efficiency of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in flashing light
Authors: Vejrazka Carsten , Janssen Marcel , Streefland Mathieu , Wijffels René H. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractEfficient light to biomass conversion in photobioreactors is crucial for economically feasible microalgae production processes. It has been suggested that photosynthesis is enhanced in short light path photobioreactors by mixing‐induced flashing light regimes. In this study, photosynthetic efficiency and growth of the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were measured using LED light to simulate light/dark cycles ranging from 5 to 100 Hz at a light‐dark ratio of 0.1 and a flash intensity of 1000 µmol m−2 s−1. Light flashing at 100 Hz yielded the same photosynthetic efficiency and specific growth rate as cultivation under continuous illumination with the same time‐averaged light intensity (i.e., 100 µmol m−2 s−1). The efficiency and growth rate decreased with decreasing flash frequency. Even at 5 Hz flashing, the rate of linear electron transport during the flash was still 2.5 times higher than during maximal growth under continuous light, suggesting storage of reducing equivalents during the flash which are available during the dark period. In this way the dark reaction of photosynthesis can continue during the dark time of a light/dark cycle. Understanding photosynthetic growth in dynamic light regimes is crucial for model development to predict microalgal photobioreactor productivities. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011;108: 2905–2913. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Role of Attachment in Immigrant Sociocultural Adaptation and Psychological Distress
Authors: Sochos Antigonos , Diniz Marcio 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTThe study extends recent research on the link between attachment security and the sociocultural and psychological adaptation of immigrants. It was hypothesised that attachment style would moderate the effects of sociocultural adaptation difficulties on psychological distress and the relationship between attachment style and immigrant background variables was explored. The study was correlational and questionnaire‐based, including a sample of 172 Brazilian immigrants living in the UK. According to the findings, secure and dismissing attachment styles moderated the effects of sociocultural adaptation difficulties on psychological distress. Preoccupied attachment style moderated the effects of previous immigration experience on psychological distress and the effects of duration of stay in the UK on concerns over terrorism. Future studies should employ longitudinal designs and include a variety of immigrant groups. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phenol Group in Pyridoxamine Acts as a Stabilizing Element for Its Carbinolamines and Schiff Bases
Authors: Caldés Catalina , Vilanova Bartolomé , Adrover Miquel , Muñoz Francisco , Donoso Josefa 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPyridoxamine (PM), a natural derivative of vitamin B6, possesses a high biological and biomedical significance by virtue of its acting as enzyme cofactor in amino acid metabolism and as inhibitor in the nonenzymatic glycation of proteins. Both types of processes require the initial formation of a Schiff base. In this work, we used NMR spectroscopy to study the formation mechanism for a Schiff base between PM and formaldehyde (FA). This allowed the Schiff base and an intermediate carbinolamine (CA) to be detected. The Schiff base was found to be in isomeric equilibrium with a hemiaminal (HE) form. The formation equilibrium constants for the CA and HE over the pD range of 6.0–13.0 were determined and compared with those for the reaction between 4‐picolylamine (PAM) and formaldehyde (FA). The comparison revealed a strong influence of the phenol group on the equilibrium constant. Based on the results, the phenol group in PM is a key structural element towards stabilizing the resulting carbinolamine and Schiff base.
Phytoremediation of heavy metal‐contaminated water and sediment by Eleocharis acicularis
Authors: Sakakibara Masayuki , Ohmori Yuko , Ha Nguyen Thi Hoang , Sano Sakae , Sera Koichiro 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPhytoremediation is an environmental remediation technique that takes advantage of plant physiology and metabolism. The unique property of heavy metal hyperaccumulation by the macrophyte Eleocharis acicularis is of great significance in the phytoremediation of water and sediments contaminated by heavy metals at mine sites. In this study, a field cultivation experiment was performed to examine the applicability of E. acicularis to the remediation of water contaminated by heavy metals. The highest concentrations of heavy metals in the shoots of E. acicularis were 20 200 mg Cu/kg, 14 200 mg Zn/kg, 1740 mg As/kg, 894 mg Pb/kg, and 239 mg Cd/kg. The concentrations of Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb in the shoots correlate with their concentrations in the soil in a log‐linear fashion. The bioconcentration factor for these elements decreases log‐linearly with increasing concentration in the soil. The results indicate the ability of E. acicularis to hyperaccumulate Cu, Zn, As, and Cd under natural conditions, making it a good candidate species for the phytoremediation of water contaminated by heavy metals.
Synthesis of 2‐(1‐Phenylvinyl)benzofurans and 2‐(1‐Phenylvinyl)indoles as Antimitotic Agents by a Tandem Palladium‐Assisted Coupling‐Cyclization Reaction between 1‐Phenylvinyl Iodides and ortho‐Substituted Arylalkynes
Authors: Tréguier Bret , Rasolofonjatovo Evelia , Hamze Abdallah , Provot Olivier , Wdzieczak‐Bakala Joanna , Dubois Joëlle , Brion Jean‐Daniel , Alami Mouad 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA series of functionalized 2‐(1‐phenylvinyl)benzofurans 2 and 2‐(1‐phenylvinyl)indoles 3 were prepared from 1‐phenylvinyl iodides and silylated alkynes in a one‐pot reaction. After a desilylation step, the Sonogashira coupling reaction between the resulting terminal alkynes and 1‐phenylvinyliodide derivatives 6 gave enyne intermediates, which underwent a 5‐endo‐dig cyclization to afford 2‐(1‐phenylvinyl) heterocycles 2 and 3 in good yields. This method provides a rapid and efficient approach to build up benzoheterocycle‐based isocombretastatin A‐4 analogues of biological interest. From this series of compounds, the indoles 3o and 3r inhibited tubulin assembly at a micromolar level comparable to that of isoCA‐4.
Confirmation that SNPs in the high mobility group‐A2 gene (HMGA2) are associated with adult height in the Japanese population; wide‐ranging population survey of height‐related SNPs in HMGA2
Authors: Takeshita Haruo , Fujihara Junko , Soejima Mikiko , Koda Yoshiro , Kimura‐Kataoka Kaori , Ono Rei‐Ichiro , Yuasa Isao , Iida Reiko , Ueki Misuzu , Nagao Masataka , Yasuda Toshihiro 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAdult height is a highly heritable trait in that multiple genes are involved. Recent genome‐wide association studies have identified a novel single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1042725 in the high mobility group‐A2 gene (HMGA2) and shown it to be associated with human height in Caucasian populations. We performed a replication study to examine the associations between SNPs in HMGA2 and adult height in the Japanese population based on autopsy cases. Although we could not confirm a significant association between rs1042725 in HMGA2 and adult height, another SNP, rs7968902, in the gene achieved significance for its association in the same populations, and the effect was the same as that documented previously. These findings permit us to conclude that the SNPs in HMGA2 are common variants influencing human height across different populations. Moreover, a worldwide population study of these SNPs using 14 different populations including Asians, Africans and Caucasians demonstrated that both haplotypes and genotypes for three height‐related SNPs (rs1042725, rs7968682 and rs7968902) in HMGA2 were distributed in an ethnicity‐dependent manner. This information will be useful for clarifying the genetic basis of human height.