bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status: Creating a crosswalk with the Mini‐Mental State Examination
Authors: Fong Tamara G. , Fearing Michael A. , Jones Richard N. , Shi Peilin , Marcantonio Edward R. , Rudolph James L. , Yang Frances M. , Dan Kiely K. , Inouye Sharon K. 
Published: August 2009

BackgroundBrief cognitive screening measures are valuable tools for both research and clinical applications. The most widely used instrument, the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), is limited in that it must be administered face‐to‐face, cannot be used in participants with visual or motor impairments, and is protected by copyright. Screening instruments such as the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS) were developed to provide a valid alternative, with comparable cut‐point scores to rate global cognitive function.MethodsThe MMSE, TICS‐30, and TICS‐40 scores from 746 community‐dwelling elders who participated in the Aging, Demographics, and Memory Study (ADAMS) were analyzed with equipercentile equating, a statistical process of determining comparable scores based on percentile equivalents for different forms of an examination.ResultsScores from the MMSE and TICS‐30 and TICS‐40 corresponded well, and clinically relevant cut‐point scores were determined. For example, an MMSE score of 23 is equivalent to 17 and 20 on the TICS‐30 and TICS‐40, respectively.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that TICS and MMSE scores can be linked directly. Clinically relevant and important MMSE cut points and the respective ADAMS TICS‐30 and TICS‐40 cut‐point scores are included, to identify the degree of cognitive impairment among respondents with any type of cognitive disorder. These results will help in the widespread application of TICS in both research and clinical practice.
The Society of Antiquaries, 1707–18: meeting places and origin stories
Authors: Evans Dai Morgan 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe genesis of this paper lay in the 2007 Tercentenary celebrations of the Society of Antiquaries and the challenge of compiling a tour of the premises used by the Society for its meetings prior to the Society’s move into a permanent home at Somerset House in 1780. The first part of the paper deals with the competing claims of the Bear in the Strand and the Young Devil taverns as the location for the foundation meeting of the Society of Antiquaries in 1707. The second part examines the evidence for the precise locations of these two taverns, a subject curiously neglected by antiquaries, together with an attempt to determine the character of the taverns. The paper then considers the demise of the 1707 Society and examines the evidence for the claim that 1707 marks the foundation year of the present Society of Antiquaries. Reference is also made to the other known meeting places of the Society up to 1718.
Notes On The ‘Elamite’ Garment Of Cyrus The Great
Authors: Álvarez-Món Javier 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAccording to the latest collation of theNabonidus Chronicle, a reference is made to Cyrus the Great wearing an ‘Elamite’ garment during the investiture ceremony of Cambyses. This study examines the likely characteristics of this garment in the light of a recent study of seventh- and sixth-centurybcElamite elite garments. Within this context it is suggested that theChroniclemay have done no more than state the obvious. In 538bc, Cyrus went to Babylon clad in (traditional) Elamite (style) attire. This ceremonial garment is to be identified with a fine (perhaps cotton-made) fringed robe decorated with bands, including golden bracteates.
A figure sculpture at Upton Bishop, Herefordshire: continuity and revival in early medieval sculpture
Authors: Hunt John 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn the nineteenth century, a red sandstone figural carving was located in the south-facing chancel wall of the church of St John the Baptist, Upton Bishop, near Ross-on-Wye in Herefordshire. In 2005, following the removal of the stone for recording and conservation, the author was invited to examine and report on the sculpture, and particularly to review the proposal that the sculpture, rather than being of Roman date as had traditionally been supposed, was more probably a Romanesque carving of the twelfth century. The characteristics of the Upton Bishop carving are here examined and the various attributions of dating are reviewed, as a consequence of which it is suggested that the sculpture is neither Roman nor Romanesque in date, but rather is of pre-Conquest origin, most probably of aroundad800. It is thus suggested that the Upton Bishop sculpture represents a significant addition to the corpus of Anglo-Saxon figural sculpture in Herefordshire and the western Midlands, that the characteristics of the sculpture suggest well-established traits forming part of a local style and that these were taken forward into the Romanesque period, thus contributing to the distinctive character of the Herefordshire School of sculpture.
Rapid diagnostic multiplex PCR (RD-PCR) to discriminate Schistosoma haematobium and S. bovis
Authors: Webster B.L. , Rollinson D. , Stothard J.R. , Huyse T. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractSchistosoma haematobium and S. bovis are widespread schistosome species causing human and cattle schistosomiasis, respectively, in Africa. The sympatric occurrence of these two species and their ability to infect the same Bulinus intermediate snail hosts necessitates precise methods of identification of the larval stages. A rapid diagnostic ‘mulitplex’ one-step polymerase chain reaction protocol (RD-PCR) was developed using cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COX1) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to discriminate between S. haematobium and S. bovis. A single forward primer and two species-specific reverse primers were used to produce a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fragment of 306 bp and 543 bp for S. bovis and S. haematobium, respectively. Serial dilutions were carried out on various lifecycle stages and species combinations to test the sensitivity and specificity of the primers. This RD-PCR proved highly sensitive, detecting a single larval stage and as little as 0.78 ng of genomic DNA (gDNA) from an adult schistosome, providing a cost-effective, rapid and robust molecular tool for high-throughput screening of S. haematobium and S. bovis populations. In areas where human and cattle schistosomiasis overlap and are transmitted in close proximity, this mitochondrial assay will be a valuable identification tool for epidemiological studies, especially when used in conjunction with other nuclear diagnostic markers.
Tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis in a patient with laryngeal carcinoma
Authors: Al-Zahid S , Singh V 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjective:We report an extremely rare presentation of concomitant tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis in a patient with carcinoma of the larynx.Case report:A 66-year-old man presented with a nine-month history of hoarseness. He was found to have an exophytic lesion over the posterior half of the right vocal fold. He also had a palpable right jugulodigastric node. Biopsy of the vocal fold lesion revealed invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Histological analysis of an excision biopsy specimen from the lymph node was highly suggestive of tuberculosis. On further assessment of the slides, one acid-fast bacillus was seen. The patient was treated with radiotherapy to the larynx and concomitant anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy. Five months following treatment, there was no sign of laryngeal cancer recurrence; however, the patient continued to have a productive cough and night sweats.Conclusion:To our knowledge, this is the first report of a laryngeal carcinoma with concurrent tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis. In the face of an unhelpful fine needle aspiration cytology examination, an assumption of metastatic neck disease could have been made. Subsequent surgical and/or oncological intervention would have been highly inappropriate, with potentially catastrophic effects. This case highlights the importance of proper diagnosis, and emphasises the fact that tuberculosis should always be borne in mind in the differential diagnosis.
Septotomy: a useful approach to the anterior maxillary sinus
Authors: Lesser T H , Suryanarayanan R 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn endonasal surgery, approaching the anterior maxillary wall via the ipsilateral nostril is difficult. It is necessary to have good visual and instrument control when removing lesions such as inverted papilloma. We describe an approach through a temporary septotomy which provides good access from the contralateral nostril. The contralateral mucoperichondrial incision is anterior and the ipsilateral one posterior. The cartilage is hinged superiorly. There is minimal chance of perforation.
Congenital cholesteatoma of the infratemporal fossa
Authors: Chen Z , Tang L , Zhou H , Xing G 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjective:We report an extremely rare case of congenital cholesteatoma of the infratemporal fossa.Method:The clinical, radiological and intra-operative findings of the patient are presented.Results:A five-year-old girl presented to our hospital with symptoms in the left ear consistent with middle-ear effusion. A congenital cholesteatoma was not suspected until an enlarging mass in the anteroinferior quadrant of the tympanic membrane was observed. Radiological studies revealed that the mass was located largely in the infratemporal fossa, with limited extension into the tympanic cavity. The patient underwent surgical treatment, which confirmed the clinical and radiological findings.Conclusion:This patient's clinical, radiological and intra-operative findings strongly suggested the infratemporal fossa as the site of origin of her congenital cholesteatoma.
Effect of different salinities on survival and growth of prawn,Palaemon elegans(Palaemonidae)
Authors: Yazdani Maryam , Taheri Mehrshad , Seyfabadi Jafar 
Published: August 2009

The LS5096 hof prawn,Palaemon elegans, was determined at various salinities (0–45 ppt) with the Caspian Sea salt proportion. In addition, growth indices, survival and moulting at salinities 8, 13 and 18 ppt were also studied during four weeks. All the experiments were carried out in the laboratory (24±1°C). The results showed that more than 50% of the prawns survived at 1 to 30 ppt salinity range, while above and below this range, less than 50% survived within 24 hours. No significant differences (*P > 0.05) in growth parameters such as carapace length (CL) increase, specific growth rate (SGR) and also in survival and moulting rates were observed in prawns reared in salinities 8, 13 and 18 ppt. Mean intermoult period in each salinity was 8.12 ± 3.07, 8.61 ± 2.96 and 8.92 ± 3.47 days, respectively. Salinity 8–18 ppt was found to be the optimum range forP. elegansin the studied length range (CL, 6–9 mm).
Leishmania majorH-line attenuated under pressure of gentamicin, induces a Th1 response which protects susceptible BALB/c mice against infection with virulentL. major
Authors: DANESHVAR HAMID , BURCHMORE RICHARD , HAGAN PAUL , PHILLIPS R. STEPHEN 
Published: August 2009

SUMMARYAn attenuated line ofLeishmania major(L. majorH-line) has been established by culturing promastigotesin vitrounder gentamicin pressure. A modification of the previously described method for the generation of attenuatedL. majoris described, giving rise to attenuated parasites after 8 rather than 12 subpassages. No lesions developed in BALB/c mice infected withL. majorH-line, whereasL. majorwild-type (WT) induced a Th2 like response with progressive lesions. Analysis of splenocyte IFN-γ and IL-4 production following stimulation with promastigotes shows that theL. majorH-line preferentially induces Th1-like responses and possibly down-regulates Th2 responses in BALB/c mice.L. majorH-line parasites remained localized in the skin and draining lymph node, whereasL. majorWT parasites disseminated into the visceral organs of BALB/c mice. Mice infected withL. majorH-line acquired some resistance againstL. majorWT. These results show that the attenuated cell line ofL. majoris not only avirulent but that it may also modulate the host immune response.
Schistosoma mansonicercariae experience influx of macromolecules during skin penetration
Authors: THORNHILL J. , COELHO P. M. Z. , McVEIGH P. , MAULE A. , JURBERG A. D. , KUSEL J. R. 
Published: August 2009

SUMMARYWe have observed that when cercariae penetrate the skin of mice, there is influx into their tissues of Lucifer Yellow and certain labelled molecules of up to 20 kDa molecular weight. This observation was made using a variety of fluorescent membrane-impermeant compounds injected into the skin before the application of cercariae. This unexpected phenomenon was investigated further by transforming cercariaein vitroin the presence of the membrane-impermeant compounds and examining the distribution by microscopy. In schistosomula derived from this procedure, the nephridiopore and surface membrane were labelled while the pre- and post-acetabular glands were not labelled. The region associated with the oesophagus within the pharyngeal muscle clearly contained the fluorescent molecules, as did the region adjacent to the excretory tubules and the germinal mass. We used cercariae stained with carmine to aid identification of regions labelled with Lucifer Yellow. Although the mechanism of this influx is unclear, the observation is significant. From it, we can suggest an hypothesis that, during skin penetration, exposure of internal tissues of the parasite to external macromolecules represents a novel host-parasite interface.
Parasite communities of a fish assemblage from the intertidal rocky zone of central Chile: similarity and host specificity between temporal and resident fish
Authors: MUÑOZ G. , CORTÉS Y. 
Published: August 2009

SUMMARYThe different species of a fish assemblage can, to some extent, be similar in terms of their parasite communities, which can be associated with certain ecological host traits. This study compared the parasite community descriptors between temporal and resident fish species composing an intertidal assemblage from central Chile. Host specificity and similarity indices of parasite communities among the fish species were also considered. A total of 1097 fish representing 14 species were collected during spring and summer of 2 consecutive years. A total spectrum of 40 parasite species was found, of which copepods and trematodes were the commonest. Congeneric fish species had the highest similarities in their parasite communities. Based on a cluster analysis, using only some fish species, no group was distinguished using abundance or prevalence of parasites, because 50% of parasite species had high host specificity and only few of them were shared among fish species. Adult parasites showed high host specificity and were found mainly in resident intertidal fish, whereas the temporal fish had parasites with different degrees of specificity. Consequently, resident intertidal fish were characterized by their own parasite species, meaning that their transmissions might be restricted to the intertidal zone.
Translation numbers for a class of maps on the dynamical systems arising from quasicrystals in the real line
Authors: ALISTE-PRIETO JOSÉ 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we study translation sets for non-decreasing maps of the real line with a pattern-equivariant displacement with respect to a quasicrystal. First, we establish a correspondence between these maps and self maps of the continuous hull associated with the quasicrystal that are homotopic to the identity and preserve orientation. Then, by using first-return times and induced maps, we provide a partial description for the translation set of the latter maps in the case where they have fixed points and obtain the existence of a unique translation number in the case where they do not have fixed points. Finally, we investigate the existence of a semiconjugacy from a fixed-point-free map homotopic to the identity on the hull to the translation given by its translation number. We concentrate on semiconjugacies that are also homotopic to the identity and, under a boundedness condition, we prove a generalization of Poincaré’s theorem, finding a sufficient condition for such a semiconjugacy to exist depending on the translation number of the given map.
Staphylococcus aureusis the most common identified cause of cellulitis: a systematic review
Authors: CHIRA S. , MILLER L. G. 
Published: August 2009

SUMMARYWe utilized Medline to perform a systematic review of the literature to quantify the aetiology of cellulitis with intact skin. Of 808 patients with cellulitis, 127–129 (15·7–16·0%) patients had positive needle aspiration and/or punch biopsy cultures from intact skin. Of the patients with positive cultures, 65 (50·4–51·2%) had cultures positive forStaphylococcus aureus, 35 (27·1–27·6%) for group A streptococcus, and 35–37 (27·1–29·1%) for other pathogens. The most common aetiology of cellulitis with intact skin, when it can be determined, isS. aureus, outnumbering group A streptococcus by a ratio of nearly 2:1. Given the increasing incidence of community-associated methicillin-resistantS. aureusinfections, our findings may have critical therapeutic implications.
Zircon U-Pb dating of Mesozoic volcanic and tectonic events in north-west Palmer Land and south-west Graham Land, Antarctica
Authors: Leat P.T. , Flowerdew M.J. , Riley T.R. , Whitehouse M.J. , Scarrow J.H. , Millar I.L. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractNew whole rock Rb-Sr and zircon U-Pb geochronological data and Sm-Nd isotopic data are presented from the central magmatic arc domain of the Antarctic Peninsula in the area of north-west Palmer Land and south-west Graham Land, Rb-Sr isochrons indicate an age of 169 ± 6 Ma for basement orthogneisses and 132 ± 9 to 71 ± 9 Ma for plutons. A U-Pb age of 183 ± 2.1 Ma, with no detectable inheritance, on zircons from an orthogneiss from Cape Berteaux provides the first reliable age for the orthogneisses, which are interpreted as metamorphosed silicic volcanic rocks, and Sm-Nd data indicate derivation in a mature volcanic arc. The age indicates they may be correlatives of the Jurassic ‘Chon Aike’ volcanism of the eastern Antarctic Peninsula. A U-Pb zircon age of 107 ± 1.7 Ma on a terrestrial volcanic sequence overlying an uncomformity strongly suggests a mid-Cretaceous age for the extensive volcanic cover of north-west Palmer Land that was previously thought to be Jurassic. The unconformity is interpreted to have been a result of compressional uplift related to the Palmer Land event. This is the first date for the event in the western part of the central magmatic arc terrane of the Antarctic Peninsula.
Hydrothermal time germination models for radiata pine (Pinus radiataD. Don)
Authors: Bloomberg M. , Sedcole J.R. , Mason E.G. , Buchan G. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe objective of this study was to fit a hydrothermal germination model to germination data for a seedlot of radiata pine (Pinus radiataD. Don). Seeds were incubated for 50 d at constant temperatures and water potentials (T = 12.5–32.5°C, Ψ = 0 to − 1.2 MPa). Most seeds completed germination within 50 d, but for low Ψ and/or non-optimal temperatures (T < 17.5°C,T>25°C) many seeds did not complete germination. In general, germination data conformed to the hydrothermal model. Departures from the model were encountered for slow-germinating seeds at suboptimal temperatures (T ≤ 20°C). To account for these departures, two alternative hydrothermal models were fitted with an additional term for an upwards shift in seed base water potential with increasing time to germination. The alternative models more correctly predicted germination time than the original model. Similarly, reduced percentage germination at supra-optimal temperatures (T>20°C) was explained by including a term in the hydrothermal model which shifted the base water potential of seeds upwards towards zero, which in turn reduced the predicted rate that hydrothermal time would be accumulated by seeds. The rate of this upwards shift in base water potential was dependent on time to complete germination and ambient water potential as well as supra-optimal temperature.
Soybean seed coat cup unloading on plants with low-raffinose, low-stachyose seeds
Authors: Kosina Suzanne M. , Castillo Alexander , Schnebly Steven R. , Obendorf Ralph L. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractSucrose, raffinose and stachyose accumulate in soybean [Glycine maxL. (Merrill)] embryos during seed maturation. To determine the relationship of plant maternal composition on seed composition, soluble carbohydrates in three 1-cm2leaf punches at three plant growth stages (R2, R3, R6) and in seed coat cup exudatesin plantawere analysed at four 30-min intervals on soybean plants (R5) with low-raffinose, low-stachyose (LRS) seeds expressing the mutantstc1phenotype; low-raffinose, low-stachyose and low-phytin (LRSP1, LRSP2) seeds expressing the mutantmipsphenotype; or normal raffinose, stachyose and phytin (CHECK) seeds expressing theStc1andMipsphenotype. Leaf sucrose (23.6 μg cm− 2),myo-inositol (9.3 μg cm− 2),d-chiro-inositol (6.7 μg cm− 2),d-ononitol (0.76 μg cm− 2),d-pinitol (50.1 μg cm− 2) and total soluble carbohydrates (107.1 μg cm− 2) were not significantly different between phenotypes.d-chiro-Inositol,myo-inositol,d-pinitol and sucrose were unloaded from soybean seed coat cupsin plantaat decreasing rates over the four sequential periods of sampling. Unloading rates of sucrose andmyo-inositol were highest for LRS,d-pinitol was highest for LRSP2, andd-chiro-inositol was not different between LRS, LRSP1, LRSP2 and CHECK. Free cyclitols were 60% of total soluble carbohydrates in leaves and 20% in seed coat cup exudates. Except for sucrose andd-pinitol, seed phenotype had little influence on the composition of compounds unloaded from seed coats to maturing embryos of low-raffinose, low-stachyose seeds. Maternally supplied cyclitols may contribute, in part, to changes in the composition of cyclitol galactosides stored in mature seeds.
DNA preservation and utility of a historic seed collection
Authors: Leino Matti W. , Hagenblad Jenny , Edqvist Johan , Strese Else-Marie Karlsson 
Published: August 2009

AbstractHistoric collections of biological material are important genetic resources for taxonomic, evolutionary and historical research. In this paper we describe a seed collection dating from 1862 to 1918 maintained at the Swedish Museum of Cultural History. The collection contains over 3000 well-documented seed samples of various agricultural crops, mostly cereals. A subset of 100 samples divided over ten species frequently represented in the collection and a range of ages were tested for germinability and DNA preservation. None of these accessions were found to contain viable seeds. DNA extracted from the seeds was degraded, but the amount of degradation varied between species. DNA quality was evaluated by yield, fragment size and size of amplification product. Quality was highest for DNA extracted fromPisum sativumandVicia sativa. DNA extracted fromBrassica napus,Beta vulgarisandTrifolium pratensewas more fragmented, and DNA extracted fromTriticum aestivum,Secale sereale,Hordeum vulgare,Avena sativaandPhleum pratensewas most degraded. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of ribosomal DNA fragments of up to 700 bp was permitted for most samples in all species. To test whether single-copy nuclear genes could be amplified from the extracted DNA, microsatellite markers were used on thePisum sativumandHordeum vulgaresamples. Polymorphisms of microsatellite markers were detected between samples for both species. The results show that the 19th-century seed collection can be utilized to infer genetic relationships among obsolete cultivars as well as for other types of genetic research based on sequence or marker analysis.