bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protein complexes from edible mushrooms as a sustainable potato protection against coleopteran pests
Authors: Pogačar Karmen , Grundner Maja , Žigon Primož , Coll Anna , Panevska Anastasija , Lukan Tjaša , Petek Marko , Razinger Jaka , Gruden Kristina , Sepčić Kristina 
Published: May 2024

SummaryProtein complexes from edible oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus sp.) composed of pleurotolysin A2 (PlyA2) and pleurotolysin B (PlyB) exert toxicity in feeding tests against Colorado potato beetle (CPB) larvae, acting through the interaction with insect‐specific membrane sphingolipid. Here we present a new strategy for crop protection, based on in planta production of PlyA2/PlyB protein complexes, and we exemplify this strategy in construction of transgenic potato plants of cv Désirée. The transgenics in which PlyA2 was directed to the vacuole and PlyB to the endoplasmic reticulum are effectively protected from infestation by CPB larvae without impacting plant performance. These transgenic plants showed a pronounced effect on larval feeding rate, the larvae feeding on transgenic plants being on average five to six folds lighter than larvae feeding on controls. Further, only a fraction (11%–37%) of the larvae that fed on transgenic potato plants completed their life cycle and developed into adult beetles. Moreover, gene expression analysis of CPB larvae exposed to PlyA2/PlyB complexes revealed the response indicative of a general stress status of larvae and no evidence of possibility of developing resistance due to the functional inactivation of PlyA2/PlyB sphingolipid receptors.
Free curves, eigenschemes, and pencils of curves
Authors: Di Gennaro Roberta , Ilardi Giovanna , Miró‐Roig Rosa Maria , Schenck Henry , Vallès Jean 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLet . A reduced plane curve is free if its associated module of tangent derivations is a free ‐module, or equivalently if the corresponding sheaf of vector fields tangent to splits as a direct sum of line bundles on . In general, free curves are difficult to find, and in this paper, we describe a new method for constructing free curves in . The key tools in our approach are eigenschemes and pencils of curves, combined with an interpretation of Saito's criterion in this context. Previous constructions typically applied only to curves with quasihomogeneous singularities, which is not necessary in our approach. We illustrate our method by constructing large families of free curves.
“Now We Can Speak”: Wheelchair Sport Participation in Areas of Armed Conflict
Authors: Kirk T.N. , McKay Cathy , Holland Katherine 
Published: May 2024

This study sought to understand the lived experiences of wheelchair basketball athletes from low- and middle-income countries of recent or current armed conflict and the meaning that they ascribed to their participation. Wheelchair basketball athletes (N = 108) from eight national teams participated in semistructured focus-group interviews. Study data were analyzed thematically using an interpretive descriptive approach. Three themes were developed: “I can do anything I want; not only basketball,” self-concept changes through sport participation; “Now they see me as a respectable person,” societal belonging through sport; and “I have motivated other disabled people,” influence on nonparticipating disabled persons. The findings indicated that participation in wheelchair sports may help disabled persons see themselves as capable individuals on the court and in aspects of daily living, perhaps even peer role models for other disabled persons in their communities and countries.
NET‐Related Gene as Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers for Diabetic Tubulointerstitial Injury
Authors: Liang Yufeng , Lin Jiaqun , Huang Binsan , Weng Mengjie , Zhen Tingting , Yang Liyan , Chen Yongping , Li Qiu , Wan Jianxin 
Published: May 2024

Background: Tubulointerstitial injury plays a pivotal role in the progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), yet the link between neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and diabetic tubulointerstitial injury is still unclear.Methods: We analyzed microarray data (GSE30122) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with DKD’s tubulointerstitial injury. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses were conducted to elucidate the involved biological processes (BP) and pathways. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) identified modules associated with DKD. LASSO regression and random forest selected NET‐related characteristic genes (NRGs) related to DKD tubulointerstitial injury.Results: Eight hundred ninety‐eight DEGs were identified from the GSE30122 dataset. A significant module associated with diabetic tubulointerstitial injury overlapped with 15 NRGs. The hub genes, CASP1 and LYZ, were identified as potential biomarkers. Functional enrichment linked these genes with immune cell trafficking, metabolic alterations, and inflammatory responses. NRGs negatively correlated with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in the Neph v5 database. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) validated increased NRGs in DKD tubulointerstitial injury.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the CASP1 and LYZ genes may serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers for diabetic tubulointerstitial injury. Furthermore, NRGs involved in diabetic tubulointerstitial injury could emerge as prospective targets for the diagnosis and treatment of DKD.
Sodium‐Glucose Cotransporter‐2 Inhibitors and Cardiovascular Protection Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review
Authors: Yankah Richard K. , Anku Eric K. , Eligar Vinay 
Published: May 2024

Background: Accumulating evidence has demonstrated the positive effects of sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in managing patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). SGLT2 inhibitors protect patients with T2DM from cardiovascular complications and are generally safe.Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the cardiovascular effects of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with T2DM.Methods: A systematic review was conducted using published English literature in PubMed and Google Scholar databases.Results: Most of the studies showed significant positive cardiovascular effects of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with and without established cardiovascular disease (CVD). Empagliflozin reduced the risk of cardiovascular death, hospitalization for heart failure (HHF), cardiovascular death or heart failure, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) such as nonfatal stroke, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and cardiovascular death regardless of the number of cardiovascular risk factors. The effects of empagliflozin on cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) were assessed. Further, the efficacy of empagliflozin in three different phenotypic groups, namely, younger patients with shorter duration of T2DM and highest glomerular filtration rate, women without coronary artery disease, and older adults with advanced coronary artery disease plus several comorbidities, was also assessed. The effects of canagliflozin were evaluated in patients with and without a history of CVD and with different body weights, and in those with and without prior heart failure. Treatment with canagliflozin based on multivariable‐predicted cardiovascular risk factors prevented heart failure events more than treatment based on glycated hemoglobin and albuminuria alone. The efficacy of dapagliflozin was evaluated in patients with or at risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), heart failure status, and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), as well as the elderly population. A reduction in HHF or cardiovascular death and insignificant reduction in MACE were noted. Furthermore, significant reduction in the risk of cardiovascular death and all‐cause mortality in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) was also observed. Sotagliflozin was studied for its cardiovascular outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease with or without albuminuria and resulted in a reduction in cardiovascular‐related deaths and HHF.Conclusion: SGLT2 inhibitors have beneficial cardiovascular effects in patients with T2DM and should be incorporated into their management.
Pristionchus seladoniae n. sp. (Diplogastridae) isolated from a eusocial soil-dwelling bee, Halictus (Seladonia) aerarius, in Nagano, Japan
Authors: Kanzaki Natsumi , Fujimori Yuta , Ekino Taisuke , Degawa Yousuke 
Published: May 2024

Summary
A new species of Pristionchus was isolated from a soil-dwelling bee, Halictus (Seladonia) aerarius, collected from Sugadaira, Nagano, Japan. The nematode was successfully cultured on nematode growth medium agar previously inoculated with the Escherichia coli strain OP50; however, it did not propagate well. Typologically, the new species is similar to other Pristionchus belonging to the maupasi, pacificus and lheritieri groups in the stomatal structure of stenostomatous form. However, the species is characterised by the relatively short, conical tail of the female and the arrangement of male genital papillae in which the second- and third-paired papillae are almost at the same level and one of these two are directed laterally. Phylogenetically, the nematode belongs to the maupasi group, the ‘American clade’ within the genus, and is separable from the other species in the group. Biologically, the species has several interesting characters: it is seemingly native to Japan, regardless of its phylogenetic group; it is in tight and specific phoretic association with a eusocial bee; it lacks a eurystomatous form (or this form occurs rarely) under cultured conditions; and it shows characteristic clumping behaviour on culture media. The new species is taxonomically described herein as Pristionchus seladoniae n. sp.
Bursaphelenchus glaucae n. sp. isolated from larval faeces of a longhorn beetle, Aeolesthes chrysothrix chrysothrix (Bates), in its pupal chamber constructed in the dead wood of Quercus glauca Thunb. from Japan
Authors: Kanzaki Natsumi , Fujimori Yuta 
Published: May 2024

Summary
A Bursaphelenchus species belonging to the hofmanni group (corneolus subgroup) was isolated from a small piece of larval faeces of the longhorn beetle Aeolesthes chrysothrix chrysothrix in its pupal chamber. The chamber was constructed in a dead wood section of Quercus glauca obtained from a live tree. The material was obtained during a management procedure of a garden tree to remove the dead part from live tree. The species is typologically characterised by its three-lined lateral field, the position of its secretory-excretory pore overlapping with the metacorpus anterior half, a very small spicule with distinctive broad and rounded condyles, a flattened trapezoid-shaped rostrum and small flattened cucullus, the presence of seven (P1, P2 and P3 papilliform and P5 gland) male genital papillae, a female vulva with a side flap and female tail forming an elongate conoid with a strongly ventrally curved posterior half and narrowly rounded or digitate tip. The species is typologically close to B. corneolus, sharing a small cucullus and female tail shape, but can be distinguished from the other species by the position of the secretory-excretory pore and the spicule rostrum shape. Phylogenetically, the new species forms a well-supported clade with B. corneolus, but can be distinguished by its clearly separable phylogenetic status inferred from SSU and D2-D3 LSU sequences and the difference in the ITS sequence. The new species is described as B. glaucae n. sp. Although the nematode was isolated from the larval faeces of A. c. chrysothrix, it has not been directly isolated from the insect body to date, thus, the carrier insect of the nematode has not been determined.
Wavy grain in sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus) — a structural analysis of xylem and phloem
Authors: Lewandrowski Tim , Dremel Kilian , Haag Volker 
Published: May 2024

Summary
Wavy grain (fiddle back) in trees has attracted the interest of both science and industry due to its aesthetic and economic importance. As the underlying causes of this particular structural feature in trees remain uncertain, this study investigates the possibility of non-invasively detecting wavy grain patterns within tree bark tissue of sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus). Wavy grain, characterized by alternating light and dark stripes on the wood surface, is highly valued in the production of musical instruments. This research explores the potential of employing transmission light microscopy and microcomputer tomography (μCT) to examine the internal structure of phloem tissue to inspect whether the wavy grain structure found in the xylem continues in the bark. The investigation of phloem tissue proved challenging due to its irregular cellular arrangement. Nonetheless, slight phloem fibre deviations were observed in individual trees. However, no definite connection was found between the periodic oscillations of the xylem fibre tissue and the structure of the phloem in a given area. Variability in wavy grain expression among the xylem of the trees posed an additional challenge, with amplitudes and wavelengths differing across specimens. The application of μCT offered advantages over traditional sample preparation, enabling the study of the anatomical structure across larger areas and multiple depths without altering the specimen. This study sheds light on the potential of employing advanced imaging techniques to detect wavy grain patterns, providing insights that could benefit industries reliant on high-quality wood, such as musical instrument crafting and forestry.
Validation of the Cognitive Assessment Instrument for Obsessions and Compulsions (CAIOC-13) in an Indian Sample
Authors: Bhattacharya Mahashweta , Kashyap Himani , Balachander Srinivas , Reddy Y. C. Janardhan 
Published: May 2024

Background: Brief self-report measures of cognition are advantageous for flagging significant cognitive dysfunction without extensive neuropsychological assessments. The Cognitive Assessment Instrument for Obsessions and Compulsions (CAIOC-13) is a recently developed self-report that assesses everyday cognitive dysfunction in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), for example, difficulties with reading, slowness, and decision-making. This study was undertaken to validate the CAIOC-13 in an Indian sample of OCD. Material and Methods: 75 subjects with OCD and 81 non-clinical controls completed CAIOC-13, Perceived Deficits Questionnaire (PDQ), and Dysfunctional Attitude Scale-Short Form (DAS-SF1). Convergent and divergent validity with PDQ and DAS-SF1 were established with Pearson’s correlation; the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze discriminant validity; and factorial structure was evaluated using the principal component analysis (PCA). Results: CAIOC-13 scores showed a strong significant correlation ( r = 0.56; p < .001) with PDQ and a moderate correlation with DAS-SF1 scores ( r = 0.33; p = .003). CAIOC-13 could accurately discriminate between OCD and controls (area under curve = 0.92). PCA revealed strong loading on a single component. Conclusion: CAIOC-13 is a valid tool for briefly assessing OCD-related cognitive dysfunction in Indian samples. Future studies may examine the correlation of CAIOC-13 with standardized neuropsychological assessments.
Non-vascular ATP-sensitive potassium channel activation does not trigger migraine attacks: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Kokoti Lili , Al-Karagholi Mohammad Al-Mahdi , Zhuang Zixuan Alice , Amirguliyev Sarkhan , Amin Faisal Mohammad , Ashina Messoud 
Published: May 2024

Objective To investigate the role of NN414, a selective KATP channel opener for the Kir6.2/SUR1 channel subtype found in neurons and β-pancreatic cells, in inducing migraine attacks in individuals with migraine without aura. Methods Thirteen participants were randomly allocated to receive NN414 and placebo on two days separated by at least one week. The primary endpoint was the difference in the incidence of migraine attacks after NN414 compared with placebo. The secondary endpoints were the difference in the area under the curve for headache intensity scores, middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity (VMCA), superficial temporal artery diameter, heart rate and mean arterial pressure. Results Twelve participants completed the study, with two (16.6%) reporting migraine attacks after NN414 compared to one (8.3%) after placebo (p = 0.53). The area under the curve for headache intensity, VMCA, superficial temporal artery diameter, heart rate and mean arterial pressure did not differ between NN414 and placebo (p > 0.05, all comparisons). Conclusion The lack of migraine induction upon activation of the Kir6.2/SUR1 channel subtype suggests it may not contribute to migraine pathogenesis. Our findings point to KATP channel blockers that target the Kir6.1/SUR2B subtype, found in cerebral vasculature, as potential candidates for innovative antimigraine treatments. Registration number: NCT04744129
The characteristics of high temperature polymer fuel cell electrolyte membranes based on 2-pyridene polybenzimidazole blends with poly(vinyl-phosphonic acid)
Authors: Rathwa Yashesh J , Parmar Sanjay K , Chikhaliya Navin P 
Published: May 2024

The present study has focused on exploring new 2-pyridine-bridge-based polybenzimidazole (2-Py-PBIs) based materials for various energy-related uses in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). An electrochemical device, which transforms chemical energy into electrical energy, is known as fuel cell. Using solution polymerization with polyphosphoric acid as a solvent, a series of 2-Py-PBIs were synthesised from the 4,4'-([2,4′-bipyridine]-2′,6′-diyl)bis (benzene-1,2-diamine). 2-Pyridine bridge Polybenzimidazoles are cross-linked with poly (vinylphosphonic acid), which helps us to improve membrane properties like mechanical properties and proton conductivities. FT-IR was used to characterize chemical structure, Ubbelohde viscometer was employed to determine the inherent viscosity. Additionally investigated were the oxidative stability, swelling ratio, ion exchange capability, and water uptake for 2-Py-PBIs. Thermogravimetric analysis is used to evaluate thermal stability. The obtained 2-Py-PBIs membranes were thermally stable and mechanically strong when compared with conventional polybenzimidazole-based membranes. The 2-Py-PBIs:PVPA membranes showed proton conductivity between 0.10 µS/m to 4.65 µS/m.
Studying the Use of Virtual Reality Learning Environments to Engage School Children in Safe Cycling Education
Authors: Vuorio Jaakko 
Published: May 2024

Background The promotion of cycling for children is beneficial from a health and environmental perspective, however road safety and awareness amongst this age group remain a considerable issue. As children are developing their cognitive and physical abilities, they are considered a high-risk group for injuries and fatalities on the roads. Virtual learning environments have demonstrated promising ways to engage children in learning about road risks and teach children about safe cycling. Intervention A web-based Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) and Virtual Reality (VR) environment was designed to offer a platform for schoolchildren to learn about safe cycling and to develop skills for them to better detect hazards in traffic. Both learning environments were used by 455 school children and 20 class teachers. Methods Fun toolkit methods, specifically designed for child participants were used to assess the design of the technology, and for teachers a qualitative survey to provide evidence around the use of both learning environments. Results Results suggest both learning environments were appealing for lower school grade participants. For grades five and six a need to review the relevance and user design of the learning content was evident. The VR environment was highly attractive across all school grades, suggesting that VR could be a feasible way to teach road safety and safe cycling for school children. Discussion Although VLE and VR environment were attractive and fun to use, some users of VR experienced motion sickness. This would need to be considered and further examined before engaging a young learner in a VR learning environment. Several considerations are provided for teachers, practitioners, researchers, and designers seeking means to promote safe cycling for children.
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence in Employee Onboarding Programs
Authors: Brown Julie G. 
Published: May 2024

Problem Employee onboarding is one of the most important phases of an employee’s life cycle. Human resources (HR) is vital in setting employees up for success, particularly during this employment stage. Some organizations lose employees before they have had a chance to learn about and acclimate to the organization. An ineffective onboarding program may contribute to high turnover costs and low employee retention. Solution This article discusses emerging trends in the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in human resource development (HRD) and how AI is being used to develop more effective and efficient processes and programs. Recommendations for practitioners will include how AI may create an informative and engaging onboarding program that may increase employee retention. Stakeholders Organizational development (OD) and learning and development (LD) professionals who want a more effective employee onboarding program that will provide the knowledge employees need while creating an engaging learning experience.
School nurses and menstrual communication: Destigmatizing the stigma among adolescents
Authors: LeBlanc Sarah S 
Published: May 2024

Objective: The purpose of this study is to understand how school nurses, often the first line of defense for menstruating adolescents, use communication to assist adolescents in destigmatizing menstruation. Design: I conducted semi-structured narrative interviews with nine nurses employed in a large school district in Northeast Indiana. Methods: Interviews were coded, categorized, and used a phronetic iterative approach. Results: Analysis determines that nurses assist menstruating students using steps toward accepting menstruation and suggesting ways to avoid menstrual stigmatization. Conclusion: This study suggests that school nurses use positive language to assist students in handling their menstruation problems, develop allyships with parents and other teachers, and stress menstrual education. This study highlights the need for more funding for menstrual products and additional school nurses.