bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poststroke Balance Improves With Yoga
Authors: Schmid Arlene A. , Van Puymbroeck Marieke , Altenburger Peter A. , Schalk Nancy L. , Dierks Tracy A. , Miller Kristine K. , Damush Teresa M. , Bravata Dawn M. , Williams Linda S. 
Published: July 2012

Background and Purpose—
Balance impairment is common after stroke; modified yoga may be able to improve balance and other important poststroke variables. Scientific-evidence is needed to support such treatment interventions. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of a yoga-based rehabilitation intervention on balance, balance self-efficacy, fear of falling (FoF), and quality of life after stroke.

Methods—
This was a prospective, randomized, pilot study of yoga-based rehabilitation for people with chronic stroke. All yoga sessions were taught by a registered yoga therapist, occurred twice per week for 8 weeks and included seated, standing, and floor postures with relaxation and meditation. Balance was assessed with the Berg Balance Scale, balance self-efficacy with the Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale, FoF with a dichotomous yes/no question, and quality of life with the Stroke Specific Quality of Life scale.

Results—

There were no significant differences between wait-list control (n=10) and yoga (n=37) groups in baseline or follow-up scores. However, using within-group comparisons, yoga group data demonstrated significant improvement in balance (Berg Balance Scale, 41.3±11.7 vs 46.3±9.1;
P
<0.001) and FoF (51% vs 46% with FoF;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—
A group yoga-based rehabilitation intervention for people with chronic stroke has potential in improving multiple poststroke variables. Group yoga may be complementary to rehabilitation, may be possible in medical-based and community-based settings, and may be cost-effective. Further testing of group yoga-based rehabilitation interventions is warranted.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique Identifier: NCT01109602.
Damage of Land Biosphere due to Intense Warming by 1000-Fold Rapid Increase in Atmospheric Methane: Estimation with a Climate–Carbon Cycle Model
Authors: Obata Atsushi , Shibata Kiyotaka 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Decadal-time-scale responses of climate and the global carbon cycle to warming associated with rapid increases in atmospheric methane from a massive methane release from marine sedimentary methane hydrates are investigated with a coupled climate–carbon cycle model. A 1000-fold methane increase (from &lt;1 to 1000 ppmv) causes surface air temperatures to increase with a global warming of &gt;6°C within 80 yr. The amount of carbon stored in the land biosphere decreases by &gt;25%. This is mostly due to a large decrease in tropical net primary production during the first few years (~−40%), which is caused by a decrease in photosynthesis and an increase in plant maintenance respiration with the early warming of ~3°C, leading to tropical forest dieback (&gt;20%) and the largest decrease in vegetation carbon of &gt;50% (~80% of the decrease in global vegetation carbon). The decrease in global land carbon is also partly due to forest diebacks (mainly boreal forest dieback by heat stress) at northern middle latitudes. In contrast, vegetation increases by &gt;50% at northern high latitudes because of the amelioration to warm and wet conditions. Sensitivity experiments show that the warming of &gt;6°C consists mainly of &gt;5°C by the 1000-fold atmospheric methane and an additional increase of 1°C by the atmospheric CO2 increase due to the land CO2 release and that the CO2 fertilization of land plants prevents further warming of 1°C by limiting the atmospheric CO2 increase. The large decrease in land biomass estimated in this study suggests a critical situation for the land ecosystem or agricultural production, especially in the tropics. Because global methane content of marine methane hydrates is estimated at ~10 000 Gt, more intense warming leading to greater damage to the land biomass than the authors’ experiment (~2000 Gt) is possible in the future methane release event that would be caused by the ongoing anthropogenic warming.
Reply to “Comments on ‘Changes to the North Atlantic Subtropical High and Its Role in the Intensification of Summer Rainfall Variability in the Southeastern United States’”
Authors: Li Wenhong , Li Laifang , Fu Rong , Deng Yi , Wang Hui 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Recently Diem questioned the western ridge movement of the North Atlantic subtropical high (NASH) reported in a 2011 paper of Li et al. This reply shows more analysis that further strengthens the conclusions originally put forth by Li et al. Diem&#x92;’s analysis of the trend in the western ridge of the NASH was based on the data over a 30-yr period (1978–2007), whereas the main conclusions in Li et al. were drawn according to the data over a 60-yr period (1948–2007). Over the last 60 years, the NASH has shown a significant trend of westward movement, the meridional movement of the western ridge of the NASH has enhanced in the recent three decades, and the potential impact of global warming cannot be ruled out in an attempt to explain these changes of the NASH.
Roles of ENSO and PDO in the Link of the East Asian Winter Monsoon to the following Summer Monsoon
Authors: Chen Wen , Feng Juan , Wu Renguang 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
The present study investigates the roles of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) in the relationship between the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) and the following East Asian summer monsoon (EASM). The variability of the EAWM is divided into an ENSO-related part named EAWMEN and an ENSO-unrelated part named EAWMres. Corresponding to a weak EAWMEN, an anomalous low-level anticyclone forms over the western North Pacific (WNP) and persists from winter to the following summer. This anticyclone enhances southerlies over the coast of East Asia in summer. Hence, a weak EAWMEN tends to be followed by a strong EASM and vice versa. As such, a link is established between the EAWMEN and the EASM. The persistence of this WNP anticyclone may be mainly attributed to the sea surface temperature anomalies associated with the ENSO-related EAWM part in the tropical Indian Ocean and the extratropical North Pacific. In contrast, corresponding to a weak EAWMres, the anomalous WNP anticyclone is only seen in winter, and there is no obvious relationship between the EAWMres and the following EASM. Therefore, the observed EAWM–EASM relationship is dominated by the winter monsoon variability associated with ENSO. It is found that the EAWMEN–EASM relationship is modulated by the PDO. There tends to be a much stronger EASM after a weak EAWMEN during the positive PDO phases than during the negative PDO phases.
Hadley Circulation Response to Orbital Precession. Part II: Subtropical Continent
Authors: Merlis Timothy M. , Schneider Tapio , Bordoni Simona , Eisenman Ian 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
The response of the monsoonal and annual-mean Hadley circulation to orbital precession is examined in an idealized atmospheric general circulation model with a simplified representation of land surface processes in subtropical latitudes. When perihelion occurs in the summer of a hemisphere with a subtropical continent, changes in the top-of-atmosphere energy balance, together with a poleward shift of the monsoonal circulation boundary, lead to a strengthening of the monsoonal circulation. Spatial variations in surface heat capacity determine whether radiative perturbations are balanced by energy storage or by atmospheric energy fluxes. Although orbital precession does not affect annual-mean insolation, the annual-mean Hadley circulation does respond to orbital precession because its sensitivity to radiative changes varies over the course of the year: the monsoonal circulation in summer is near the angular momentum-conserving limit and responds directly to radiative changes; whereas in winter, the circulation is affected by the momentum fluxes of extratropical eddies and is less sensitive to radiative changes.
Impact from a Volumetric Radar-Sampling Operator for Radial Velocity Observations within EnKF Supercell Assimilation
Authors: Thompson Therese E. , Wicker Louis J. , Wang Xuguang 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Maximizing the accuracy of ensemble Kalman filtering (EnKF) radar data assimilation requires that the observation operator sample the model state in the same manner that the radar sampled the atmosphere. It may therefore be desirable to include volume averaging and power weighting in the observation operator. This study examines the impact of including radar-sampling effects in the Doppler velocity observation operator on EnKF analyses and forecasts. Locally substantial differences are found between a simple point operator and a realistic radar-sampling operator when they are applied to the model state at a single time. However, assimilation results indicate that the radar-sampling operator does not substantially improve the EnKF analyses or forecasts, and it greatly increases the computational cost of the data assimilation.
Observations of Polarimetric Signatures in Supercells by an X-Band Mobile Doppler Radar
Authors: Snyder Jeffrey C. , Bluestein Howard B. , Venkatesh Vijay , Frasier Stephen J. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Polarimetric weather radars significantly enhance the capability to infer the properties of scatterers within a resolution volume. Previous studies have identified several consistently seen polarimetric signatures in supercells observed in the central United States. Nearly all of these studies used data collected by fixed-site S- and C-band radars. Because there are few polarimetric mobile radars, relatively little has been documented in high-resolution polarimetric data from mobile radars. Compared to S and C bands, there has been very limited examination of polarimetric signatures at X band.
The primary focus of this paper is on one signature that has not been documented previously and one that has had little documentation at X band. The first signature, seen in at least seven supercell datasets collected by a mobile, X-band, polarimetric radar, consists of a narrow band of locally reduced reflectivity factor ZH and differential reflectivity, typically near the location where the hook echo “attaches” to the main body of the storm echo. No consistent pattern is seen in radial velocity VR or copolar cross correlation ρHV. The small size of this feature suggests a significant heterogeneity in precipitation microphysics, the cause and impact of which are unknown. The greater resolution and the scattering differences at X band compared to other frequencies may make this feature more apparent. The second signature consists of anomalously low ρHV in areas of high ZH along the left section (relative to storm motion) of the bounded weak-echo region. Examples of other polarimetric signatures at X band are provided.
Three-dimensional braiding for composites: A review
Authors: Bilisik Kadir 
Published: July 2012

The aim of this study is to review three-dimensional (3D) braided fabrics and, in particular, to provide a critical review of the development of 3D braided preform structures and techniques. 3D braided preforms are classified based on various parameters depending on the yarn sets, yarn orientation and intertwining, micro-meso unit cells and macro geometry. Biaxial and triaxial two-dimensional (2D) braided fabrics have been widely used as simple- and complex-shaped structural composite parts in various technical areas. However, 2D braided fabric has size and thickness limitations. 3D braided fabrics have multiple layers and no delamination due to intertwine-type out-of-plane interlacement. However, the 3D braided fabrics have low transverse properties and they also have size and thickness limitations. On the other hand, various unit cell base models on 3D braiding were developed to analyze the properties of 3D braided structures. Most of the unit cell base models include micromechanics and numerical techniques. Multiaxis 3D braided fabrics have multiple layers and no delamination. The in-plane properties of multiaxis 3D braided fabrics may be enhanced due to the ±bias yarn layers. However, the multiaxis 3D braiding technique is at an early stage of development and needs to be fully automated.
Changes in the Length of the Medial Patellofemoral Ligament
Authors: Yoo Yon-Sik , Chang Ho Geun , Seo Young-Jin , Byun Jae Chul , Lee Gyung Kyu , Im Hyoungjune , Song Si Young 
Published: July 2012

Background: The ideal points for medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction have not been precisely defined. Purpose: To determine at which flexion angles the grafts should be fixed to best restore patellar stability as well as to compare the length change of various femoral and patellar fixation sites for current MPFL reconstruction during knee flexion in vivo. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: The right knees of 10 living patients were scanned with a high-resolution computed tomography scanner at 0°, 30°, 60°, 90°, and 120° of knee flexion, and 3-dimensional knee models were constructed using customized software. Based on recent anatomic studies and current surgical techniques, 4 femoral points (A: adductor tubercle; B: midpoint between the medial epicondyle and the adductor tubercle; C: medial epicondyle; and D: 10 mm inferior to the adductor tubercle) and 2 patellar points (30% [point 1] and 45% [point 2] from the proximal pole of the patella) were marked. The lengths of the 8 ligaments were digitally measured, and the length changes of these ligaments at the 5 different knee flexion angles were calculated. Results: Two ligaments including the adductor tubercle (A1, A2) showed an increase while the knee was flexed over 60°. Four ligaments (B1, B2, D1, D2) showed a slight increase as the knee flexed from 0° to 30° and a decrease as the flexion angle exceeded 30°. Length changes in these 6 ligaments were not significantly different. There was no significant difference between 2 patellar points in the length changes of these 6 ligaments. Two ligaments including the medial epicondyle (C1, C2) showed an excessive decrease during knee flexion and showed greatest length changes. Conclusion: The femoral fixation sites should be located at point B or point D. Point A and point C are not ideal femoral fixation sites. The best angle for graft fixation would be near 30° of knee flexion. Clinical Relevance: The data obtained for length and length change pattern in each virtual ligament will serve as a useful basis for improved MPFL reconstruction.
Evaluation of Pharmacist Utilization of a Poison Center as a Resource for Patient Care
Authors: Armahizer Michael J. , Johnson David , Deusenberry Christina M. , Foley John J. , Krenzelok Edward P. , Pummer Tara L. 
Published: July 2012

The objective of this study was to evaluate pharmacist use of a Regional Poison Information Center (RPIC), identify potential barriers to utilization, and provide strategies to overcome these barriers. All calls placed to a RPIC by a pharmacist, physician, or nurse over a 5-year period were retrieved. These data were analyzed to assess the pharmacist utilization of the RPIC and the variation of call types. Additionally, a survey, designed to assess the past and future use of the RPIC by pharmacists, was distributed to pharmacists in the region. Of the 37 799 calls made to the RPIC, 26 367 (69.8%) were from nurses, 8096 (21.4%) were from physicians, and 3336 (8.8%) were from pharmacists. Among calls initiated by pharmacists, the majority involved medication identification (n = 2391, 71.7%). The survey had a 38.9% response rate (n = 715) and revealed a trend toward less RPIC utilization by pharmacists with more formal training but less practice experience. The utilization of the RPIC was lowest among pharmacists as compared to other health care professionals. This may be due to pharmacists’ unfamiliarity with the poison center’s scope of services and resources. Therefore, it is important that pharmacists are educated on the benefit of utilizing poison centers in clinical situations.
The Development of a Patient Care Center in a Supermarket Chain Pharmacy
Authors: Pattin Anthony , Szyskowski Jim 
Published: July 2012

Purpose: The objective of this manuscript is to describe the development and implementation of a patient care center in a grocery store supermarket chain pharmacy. Methods: A clinical pharmacist and shared faculty member between Wayne State University and Kroger Pharmacy developed a patient care center and rotation site for P4 PharmD advanced pharmacy practice experiences (APPEs). The site was developed to provide advanced pharmacy services to patients and as a practice site for students to learn how to deliver care. Preliminary outcomes observed include the number and types of patients that utilized the patient care center and the educational experiences provided for student pharmacists practicing in this setting. Results: Since implementation, 160 patients visited the patient care center. The pharmacists involved in the clinic performed 30 biometric screenings and 47 comprehensive medication reviews. Conclusions: Establishing a patient care center in a supermarket pharmacy provides important care for patients and valuable learning experiences for student pharmacists. The collaborative efforts of both Wayne State University and Kroger Pharmacy demonstrate commitment to providing clinical care to patients and strong clinical community practice experiences for students. Future goals include creating more clinical services in the community and practice experiences for students.
Tyrosine 201 is required for constitutive activation of JAK2V617F and efficient induction of myeloproliferative disease in mice
Authors: Yan Dongqing , Hutchison Robert E. , Mohi Golam 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
The JAK2V617F mutation has been detected in most cases of Ph-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). The JAK2V617F protein is a constitutively activated tyrosine kinase that leads to transformation of hematopoietic progenitors. Previous studies have shown that several tyrosine residues within JAK2 are phosphorylated on growth factor or cytokine stimulation. However, the role of these tyrosine residues in signaling and transformation mediated by JAK2V617F remains unclear. In this study, we sought to determine the role of tyrosine 201, which is a potential binding site for Src homology 2 domain-containing proteins, in JAK2V617F-induced hematopoietic transformation by introducing a tyrosine-to-phenylalanine point mutation (Y201F) at this site. We observed that the Y201F mutation significantly inhibited cytokine-independent cell growth and induced apoptosis in Ba/F3-EpoR cells expressing JAK2V617F. The Y201F mutation also resulted in significant inhibition of JAK2V617F-mediated transformation of hematopoietic cells. Biochemical analyzes revealed that the Y201F mutation almost completely inhibited constitutive phosphorylation/activation of JAK2V617F. We also show that the Y201 site of JAK2V617F promotes interaction with Stat5 and Shp2, and constitutive activation of downstream signaling pathways. Furthermore, using a BM transduction/transplantation approach, we found that tyrosine 201 plays an important role in the induction of MPNs mediated by JAK2V617F.
Mast cells play a protumorigenic role in primary cutaneous lymphoma
Authors: Rabenhorst Anja , Schlaak Max , Heukamp Lukas C. , Förster Anja , Theurich Sebastian , von Bergwelt-Baildon Michael , Büttner Reinhard , Kurschat Peter , Mauch Cornelia , Roers Axel , Hartmann Karin 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPrimary cutaneous lymphomas (PCLs) are clonal T- or B-cell neoplasms, which originate in the skin. In recent years, mast cells were described as regulators of the tumor microenvironment in different human malignancies. Here, we investigated the role of mast cells in the tumor microenvironment of PCL. We found significantly increased numbers of mast cells in skin biopsies from patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) and cutaneous B-cell lymphoma (CBCL). Mast cell infiltration was particularly prominent in the periphery, at lymphoma rims. Interestingly, CTCL and CBCL patients with a progressive course showed higher mast cell counts than stable patients, and mast cell numbers in different stages of CTCL correlated positively with disease progression. In addition, mast cell numbers positively correlated with microvessel density. Incubating primary CTCL cells with mast cell supernatant, we observed enhanced proliferation and production of cytokines. In line with our in vitro experiments, in a mouse model of cutaneous lymphoma, tumor growth in mast cell–deficient transgenic mice was significantly decreased. Taken together, these experiments show that mast cells play a protumorigenic role in CTCL and CBCL. Our data provide a rationale for exploiting tumor-associated mast cells as a prognostic marker and therapeutic target in PCL.
Outcomes in females hospitalised with community-acquired pneumonia are worse than in males
Authors: Arnold Forest W. , Wiemken Timothy L. , Peyrani Paula , Mirsaeidi Mehdi , Ramirez Julio A. 
Published: July 2012

There is little recent information on sex-specific outcomes of patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The objective of this study was to determine whether female sex is associated with better clinical outcomes in hospitalised patients with CAP.A secondary analysis was conducted by the Community Acquired Pneumonia Organization regarding male and female patients with CAP from 80 hospitals in 17 countries from June 1, 2001 to August 2, 2011. Outcomes were time to clinical stability, length of stay and in-hospital and 28-day mortality. Propensity-adjusted, multivariate regression models were used to predict the probability of occurrence of each of the study outcomes.There were 6718 patients in this study, of whom 40% were female. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for time to clinical stability was 0.91 (95% CI 0.85–0.97; p=0.005). The adjusted HR for length of stay was 0.94 (95% CI 0.88–1.01; p=0.089). The adjusted risk ratio for in-hospital mortality was 1.04 (95% CI 0.86–1.24; p=0.717), and for 28-day mortality was 1.15 (95% CI 1.02–1.30; p=0.018).This study demonstrates that the epidemiology of CAP may be changing, and that females have worse outcomes for CAP than males. They are more likely to take longer to reach clinical stability, have longer hospital stays and are 15% more likely to have died after 28 days. Current pneumonia scoring systems may need to be revised regarding female mortality risk.