bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Refining Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilization Strategies for Controlling the Toxigenic Alga Prymnesium parvum1
Authors: Kurten Gerald L. , Barkoh Aaron , Begley Drew C. , Fries Loraine T. 
Published: February 2010

Kurten, Gerald L., Aaron Barkoh, Drew C. Begley, and Loraine T. Fries, 2010. Refining Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilization Strategies for Controlling the Toxigenic Alga Prymnesium parvum. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 46(1):170‐186. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2009.00401.xAbstract:  Previous studies have shown that three times weekly applications of phosphorus (30 μg P/l) and nitrogen (300 μg N/l) were effective at reducing the density and toxicity of the alga Prymnesium parvum in limnocorrals simulating a 40‐day moronid (e.g., striped bass, Morone saxatilis, and palmetto bass, M. saxatilis ×Morone chrysops) fingerling culture period. However, this fertilization regime produced high pH and unionized ammonia‐N concentrations that are detrimental to the survival of moronid fry and fingerlings. In two follow‐up experiments we changed the source of N from ammonia to nitrate, reduced fertilization rates, and examined the effect of N‐only or P‐only fertilization. In the first experiment P fertilization rates were reduced by one‐half to 15 μg P/l and NO3‐N was substituted for NH3‐N at the previously used rate of 300 μg N/l. In the second experiment, N fertilization rates were reduced to 150 μg N/l and the frequency of fertilization was determined by pH and P. parvum responses. Nitrate appeared to be as effective as ammonia as a source of N and when used in combination with P reduced P. parvum cell density and ichthyotoxicity. However, reduced N and P application rates and lower pond water temperatures during the study appeared to have decreased the speed at which fertilization produced these effects. While lower fertilization rates reduced algal productivity, high pH remained a concern for fish culture although pH was reduced to levels that might be acceptable with careful management of fish culture activities. Neither N‐only nor P‐only fertilization had a measurable effect on algal productivity or eliminated P. parvum and its toxicity. Furthermore, P‐only fertilization may have increased P. parvum density and toxicity. For controlling P. parvum density and ichthyotoxicity we recommend a fertilization rate of 212 μg NO3‐N/l plus 30 μg PO4‐P/l applied three times weekly for aquaculture ponds where high pH is not a concern. Where high pH is a concern we recommend a fertilization rate of 117 μg NO3‐N/l plus 16 μg PO4‐P/l applied three times weekly with careful attention to afternoon pond pH.
Potential Methods for Managing Prymnesium parvum Blooms and Toxicity, With Emphasis on Clay and Barley Straw: A Review1
Authors: Hagström Johannes A. , Sengco Mario R. , Villareal Tracy A. 
Published: February 2010

Hagström, Johannes A., Mario R. Sengco, and Tracy A. Villareal, 2010. Potential Methods for Managing Prymnesium parvum Blooms and Toxicity, With Emphasis on Clay and Barley Straw: A Review. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 46(1):187‐198. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2009.00402.xAbstract:  Harmful algal bloom (HAB) control and mitigation is a complex problem in ecosystem management. Phytoplankton play an important role in aquatic ecosystems as primary producers and food sources for many commercially important shellfish and there are limited options for targeting just a single species within the community. Chemical treatments (e.g., algaecides), rotting barley straw, nitrogen and phosphorus manipulation, and clay and/or flocculants are but a few techniques tested or used to reduce fish kills or shellfish contamination during a HAB event. Prymnesium parvum control has focused on the use of chemicals, nutrient manipulation, and clay flocculation. However, many HAB control methods have been rejected due to their effects on ecosystems, high costs, or limited effects on target organisms. For example, rotting barley straw (Hordeum vulgare) is considered to be an environmentally friendly alternative, but has been found to have very different results on the phytoplankton community depending on the dominating taxa and is ineffective against P. parvum and dinoflagellate blooms. Clay flocculation is a useful control/mitigation technique during fish kills in marine aquaculture sites in South Korea and can be effective in freshwater if the correct combination of clay and flocculent is used. Toxins produced by P. parvum and Karenia brevis also bind to phosphatic clay, thereby removing and/or neutralizing the toxins, but there is concern that the clay will have a negative effect on sessile organisms. Some shellfish suffer high mortalities and significant impacts on somatic and reproductive tissue growth at high clay loads; however, benthic communities appear to be unchanged after five years of clay treatment in South Korea. There are likely site‐specific and ecosystem‐specific characteristics that make generalizations about control options difficult and require careful assessment of options at each location.
Recovery of litter inhabiting beetle assemblages during forest regeneration in the Atlantic forest of Southern Brazil
Authors: HOPP PHILIPP W. , OTTERMANNS RICHARD , CARON EDILSON , MEYER STEFAN , ROß‐NICKOLL MARTINA 
Published: February 2010

Abstract.  1. As mature tropical forests disappear, secondary forests with their potential to conserve mature tropical forest species are increasingly of interest in a conservation context.2. We investigated the recovery of litter inhabiting beetle diversity and composition during natural forest regeneration in the coastal submontane forest of Southern Brazil, using chronosequences on two different soil types: cambisol and gleysol. Secondary forests, ranging in ages from 5 to 50 years, as well as old‐growth forests were studied. Beetles were sifted from leaf litter and extracted using the Winkler technique.3. Young secondary forests had a very low species density and a significantly different and heterogeneous species composition compared to old‐growth forests. During forest regeneration, species density greatly increased and the species composition of older secondary forests was similar to that of old‐growth forests. The recovery pattern of species density and composition differed between soil types; nonetheless, they showed the same tendencies generally. Thus, mature secondary forests of about 35–50 years can be assumed to contribute substantially to the maintenance of forest beetle species.4. Litter quantity was not only significantly correlated with species density; but, even reflected the density pattern of both soil types. Thus, litter quantity is an important factor for maintaining or recovering high beetle densities. The composition of beetle assemblages was strongly affected by soil type. Thus, soil type should be considered in regional biodiversity monitoring and conservation actions.
Sensitivity of General Compound Planetary Gear Natural Frequencies and Vibration Modes to Model Parameters
Authors: Guo Yichao , Parker Robert G. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
This paper studies the sensitivity of general compound planetary gear natural frequencies and vibration modes to inertia and stiffness parameters. The model admits planetary gears having any combination of stepped-planet, meshed-planet, and multiple stage arrangements. Eigensensitivities in terms of eigenvalue and eigenvector derivatives are analytically derived for both tuned (i.e., cyclically symmetric) and mistuned systems. The results are expressed in compact closed-form formulas. The well-defined modal properties of general compound planetary gears simplify the expressions of eigenvalue sensitivities to ones that are proportional to modal strain/kinetic energies. Inspection of the modal strain/kinetic energy distribution plots provides an effective way to quantitatively and qualitatively determine the parameters that have the largest impact on a certain mode. For parameter perturbations that preserve the system symmetry, the structured modal properties imply that the modes of the same type are independent of the same group of system parameters. Parameter mistuning, with a few exceptions, splits a degenerate natural frequency of the unperturbed system into two frequencies; one frequency keeps its original value and retains its well-defined modal properties, while the other frequency changes and its associated mode lose its structured modal properties.
Sound Transmission Through Simply Supported Finite Double-Panel Partitions With Enclosed Air Cavity
Authors: Xin F. X. , Lu T. J. , Chen C. Q. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
The vibro-acoustic performance of a rectangular double-panel partition with enclosed air cavity and simply mounted on an infinite acoustic rigid baffle is investigated analytically. The sound velocity potential method rather than the commonly used cavity modal function method is employed, which possesses good expandability and has significant implications for further vibro-acoustic investigations. The simply supported boundary condition is accounted for by using the method of modal function and the double Fourier series solutions are obtained to characterize the vibro-acoustic behaviors of the structure. The results for sound transmission loss, panel vibration level, and sound pressure level are presented to explore the physical mechanisms of sound energy penetration across the finite double-panel partition. Specifically, focus is placed on the influence of several key system parameters on sound transmission including the thickness of air cavity, structural dimensions, and the elevation angle and azimuth angle of the incidence sound. Further extensions of the sound velocity potential method to typical framed double-panel structures are also proposed.
Valorisation de coproduits de l’industrie agro-alimentaire par production de compost de haute qualitéArticle envoyé à la Revue du génie et de la science de l'environnement.
Authors: Boutin Élaine , Blais Jean-François , Mercier Guy , Drogui Patrick , Chartier Myriam 
Published: February 2010

Les industries de transformation alimentaire génèrent des quantités imposantes de coproduits organiques, lesquels demeurent, même aujourd’hui, peu valorisés. La présente recherche a permis de réaliser un inventaire détaillé des coproduits générés dans des usines de production de biscuits, chocolat, céréales et barres collations et d’identifier des formulations adéquates de mélanges d’intrants (écailles de cacao, résidus de biscuits et céréales, boues physico-chimiques et biologiques) pour des essais de compostage. Un dispositif expérimental comprenant six tas de compost d’approximativement une tonne métrique, et aérés par retournement manuel, a ensuite été opéré pendant une période de 4 mois. Des températures maximales se situant entre 60 et 68 °C ont été mesurées dans les différents tas au cours de la période de compostage, alors que des températures moyennes supérieures à 50 °C ont été maintenues pendant des périodes se situant entre 6 et 10 semaines. Des composts d’excellente qualité, répondant aux exigences de qualité AA (normes du Bureau de normalisation du Québec) en termes de teneurs en contaminants métalliques et microbiens et de stabilité microbiologique, ont été générés au terme de la période de compostage. Ces essais ont aussi démontré que les écailles de cacao, un coproduit important de la fabrication du chocolat, constituent un excellent agent de foisonnement de compostage.
Effects of warm mix asphalt additives on performance properties of polymer modified asphalt binders
Authors: Kim Hakseo , Lee Soon-Jae , Amirkhanian Serji N. 
Published: February 2010

This study presents an experimental evaluation for the performance properties of polymer modified asphalt (PMA) binders containing warm mix asphalt (WMA) additives. The PMA binders with the additives were produced using two of the available warm asphalt processes (i.e., Aspha-min and Sasobit) and three PMA binders graded as performance grade (PG) 76-22. The warm PMA binders were artificially short-term and then long-term aged using the rolling thin film oven (RTFO) and pressure aging vessel (PAV) procedures. Superpave binder tests were carried out on the binders through the rotational viscometer (RV), the dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), and the bending beam rheometer (BBR). In general, the results of this research indicated that (1) the addition of the WMA additives into the PMA binders showed positive effects on increasing rutting resistance at high temperature (based on the high failure temperature values from the DSR test); (2) the PMA binders containing the additives were observed to be less resistant to fatigue cracking at intermediate temperatures compared to the control PMA binders (based on the G*sin δ values at 25 °C from the DSR test); and (3) the addition of wax additive represented a possible lower resistance on low temperature cracking (based on the stiffness and the m-value at –12 °C from the BBR test).
Detailed analysis of electricity, water, and gas consumption quantities and costs in Toronto’s public schools
Authors: Issa M. H. , Attalla M. , Rankin J. H. , Christian A. J. 
Published: February 2010

This study analyzes the consumption quantities and costs of energy, water, and gas for a sample of 10 conventional and 20 energy-retrofitted public schools in Toronto over a 5 year study period to establish a benchmark for the consumption of energy in traditional versus more sustainable buildings. Through extensive statistical analysis of the data collected, the study demonstrates that electricity and gas consumption quantities and costs decrease more significantly in energy-retrofitted schools than in conventional schools. Whereas energy-retrofitted schools consume and spend on average as much money on energy as conventional schools, energy-retrofitted schools consume and spend more money on electricity and less money on gas than conventional schools. Energy-retrofitted schools also exhibit stronger and more significant positive relationships between the quantities of electricity, water, and gas consumed per user in those schools and the schools’ total number of users than conventional schools.
Management of hydrocarbon-contaminated soil through bioremediation and landfill disposal at a remote location in Northern CanadaA paper submitted to the Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science.
Authors: Sanscartier David , Reimer Kenneth , Zeeb Barbara , George Karen 
Published: February 2010

Northern communities often have limited resources to resolve petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC) contamination. This project investigated an innovative approach for the management of diesel-contaminated soil in a remote community in Labrador. The soil was first treated in a passively aerated biopile to reduce the concentrations of mobile PHCs. The treated soil was then disposed of in the local landfill. Maximum total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentrations in soil, concentrations of PHCs with less than 16 carbons in soil, and TPH in leachate decreased during the 1 year field treatment. Microcosms incubated at 7 and 22 °C in the laboratory showed the potential for biodegradation of the PHCs. However, volatilization was likely the predominant PHC removal mechanism in the field. Disposal of treated soil to landfills has the advantage of transforming waste (i.e., soil) into a valued product (i.e., cover for the refuse). The development of risk-based guidelines for the disposal of PHC-contaminated soil into landfills in Canada appears to be needed and is discussed in this paper. Guidelines should be protective of the environment while prevent over-treatment of the soil, which may result in unnecessary spending and environmental impacts. The cost of the system tested was compared to that of treating soil in an off-site facility.
Mechanism of boron tolerance in soil bacteria
Authors: Ahmed Iftikhar , Fujiwara Toru 
Published: February 2010

Boron (B) is toxic to living cells at levels above a certain threshold. We isolated several B-tolerant bacterial strains from soil samples and studied them for possible mechanisms of B tolerance. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and comparative phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the isolates belong to the following 6 genera: Arthrobacter , Rhodococcus , Lysinibacillus , Algoriphagus , Gracilibacillus , and Bacillus . These isolates exhibited B-tolerance levels of 80, 100, 150, 300, 450, and 450 mmol/L, respectively, whilst maintaining a significantly lower intracellular B concentration than in the medium. Statistical analysis showed a negative correlation between the protoplasmic B concentration and the degree of tolerance to a high external B concentration. The kinetic assays suggest that the high B efflux and (or) exclusion are the tolerance mechanisms against a high external B concentration in the isolated bacteria.
Aeromonas caviaestrain induces Th1 cytokine response in mouse intestinal tract
Authors: Hayes Samuel L. , Lye Dennis J. , McKinstry Craig A. , Vesper Stephen J. 
Published: February 2010

Aeromonas caviae has been associated with human gastrointestinal disease. Strains of this species typically lack virulence factors (VFs) such as enterotoxins and hemolysins that are produced by other human pathogens of the Aeromonas genus. Microarray profiling of murine small intestinal extracts, 24 h after oral infection with an A. caviae strain, provides evidence of a Th1 type immune response. A large number of gamma-interferon (γ-IFN) induced genes are up-regulated as well as several tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) transcripts. Aeromonas caviae has always been considered an opportunistic pathogen because it lacks obvious virulence factors. This current effort suggests that an A. caviae strain can colonize the murine intestinal tract and cause what has been described by others as a dysregulatory cytokine response. This response could explain why a number of diarrheal waterborne disease cases have been attributed to A. caviae even though it lacks obvious enteropathogenic properties.
Analysis ofSalmonellaand enterococci isolated from rendered animal products
Authors: Kinley Brandon , Rieck James , Dawson Paul , Jiang Xiuping 
Published: February 2010

The objectives of this study were to determine the current status of bacterial contamination in rendered animal products and to analyze Salmonella and enterococci isolates from the samples. One hundred and fifty samples were provided by various rendering companies across the United States, including the following meal types: feather, meat, meat and bone, meat and bone from poultry, poultry, and blood meals. The average pH of the meals ranged from 6.16 to 7.36, and the moisture content ranged from 1.9% to 11.5%. The total bacterial counts were in the range of 1.7 to 6.68 log10CFU/g, with the highest in blood meal and the lowest in meat meal. Enterococcus species were detected in 81.3% of the samples and accounted for up to 54% of the total bacterial counts in some samples. Both blood meal and feather meal were more contaminated (P < 0.05) with enterococci than other meal types, although all blood meals were from a single company. Salmonella was detected in 8.7% of the samples. Escherichia coli was not detected in any of the samples, but coliforms were detected in four samples. Among enterococci isolates, three were vancomycin resistant. Thirteen serotypes of Salmonella displayed 16 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis has indicated that Salmonella contamination was not persistent in the plant environment over time. The D-values for the Salmonella isolates at 55, 60, and 65 °C were in the ranges of 9.27–9.99, 2.07–2.28, and 0.35–0.40 min, respectively. These results suggest that the presence of Salmonella in the finished products may be due to postprocessing contamination. This study has also revealed that the rendering industry has microbiologically improved its products since earlier studies were conducted.
Transformation of Sinorhizobium meliloti MTCC 100 and Mesorhizobium ciceri TAL 620 by CaCl2 method
Authors: Patel Urmi , Sinha Sarika 
Published: February 2010

The CaCl2 method, commonly used for transformation of Escherichia coli, was modified and used to develop a simpler and easier transformation method for Rhizobia sp. Two species of Rhizobia, Sinorhizobium meliloti MTCC 100 and Mesorhizobium ciceri TAL 620, were transformed with the 13.2 kb binary vector pGA482. At an optical density of 0.4, the transformation efficiencies in Sinorhizobium meliloti MTCC 100 and Mesorhizobium ciceri TAL 620 were 104 and 103, respectively. Competent cells of Sinorhizobium meliloti MTCC 100 were prepared at different growth intervals and transformed by the same vector. A maximum transformation efficiency of 104 was achieved at an optical density of 0.5.
A Note on Strong Convergence of a Modified Halpern's Iteration for Nonexpansive Mappings
Authors: Wang Shuang 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn the paper by Hu in 2008, the author proved a strong convergence result for nonexpansive mappings using a modified Halpern's iteration algorithm. Unfortunately, the case "Equation missing" does not guarantee the strong convergence of the sequence "Equation missing". In this note, we provide a counter-example to the theorem.
Chronic cough in patients with sleep-disordered breathing
Authors: Chan K. K. Y. , Ing A. J. , Laks L. , Cossa G. , Rogers P. , Birring S. S. 
Published: February 2010

Chronic cough can be the sole presenting symptom for patients with obstructive sleep apnoea. We investigated the prevalence, severity and factors associated with chronic cough in patients with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB).We invited 108 consecutive patients who had been referred for evaluation of SDB to complete a comprehensive questionnaire on respiratory and sleep health, which included the Leicester Cough Questionnaire (cough specific quality of life; LCQ), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and the Mayo Clinic gastro-oesophageal questionnaire. Chronic cough was defined as cough for a duration of >2 months.33% of patients with SDB reported a chronic cough. Patients with a chronic cough had impaired cough related-quality of life affecting all health domains (mean±semLCQ score 17.7±0.7; normal = 21). Patients with SDB and chronic cough were predominantly females (61%versus17%; p<0.001) and reported more nocturnal heartburn (28%versus5%; p = 0.03) and rhinitis (44%versus14%; p = 0.02) compared to those without SDB. There were no significant differences in ESS, respiratory disturbance index, body mass index, or symptoms of breathlessness, wheeze, snoring, dry mouth and choking between those with cough and those without.Chronic cough is prevalent in patients with SDB and is associated with female sex, symptoms of nocturnal heartburn and rhinitis. Further studies are required to investigate the impact of continuous positive airway pressure therapy on cough associated with SDB to explore the mechanism of this association.