bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical approximation of viscous terms in finite volume models for shallow waters
Authors: Mohammadian A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractTwo methods for the numerical treatment of viscous terms in shallow water equations are studied and computational details are given for structured grids. It is demonstrated that the first scheme, which is widely used, may lead to spurious oscillations arising from computational modes. In fact, the shortest resolvable waves of wave length 2Δx are invisible to this method. The second method, although more expensive, is free of computational modes and it presents a more accurate approximation of viscous terms. The dispersion relation of the second method is closer to the analytical case and it has a smaller truncation error, which is due to the fact that it uses a more localized control volume. Numerical experiments are also presented that support the study. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparing isotropic and anisotropic smoothing for voxel‐based DTI analyses: A simulation study
Authors: Van Hecke Wim , Leemans Alexander , De Backer Steve , Jeurissen Ben , Parizel Paul M. , Sijbers Jan 
Published: July 2009

AbstractVoxel‐based analysis (VBA) methods are increasingly being used to compare diffusion tensor image (DTI) properties across different populations of subjects. Although VBA has many advantages, its results are highly dependent on several parameter settings, such as those from the coregistration technique applied to align the data, the smoothing kernel, the statistics, and the post‐hoc analyses. In particular, to increase the signal‐to‐noise ratio and to mitigate the adverse effect of residual image misalignments, DTI data are often smoothed before VBA with an isotropic Gaussian kernel with a full width half maximum up to 16 × 16 × 16 mm3. However, using isotropic smoothing kernels can significantly partial volume or voxel averaging artifacts, adversely affecting the true diffusion properties of the underlying fiber tissue. In this work, we compared VBA results between the isotropic and an anisotropic Gaussian filtering method using a simulated framework. Our results clearly demonstrate an increased sensitivity and specificity of detecting a predefined simulated pathology when the anisotropic smoothing kernel was used. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Two novel NPM1 mutations in a therapy‐responder AML patient
Authors: Pianta Annalisa , Fabbro Dora , Damiani Daniela , Tiribelli Mario , Fanin Renato , Franzoni Alessandra , Romanello Milena , Tell Gianluca , Di Loreto Carla , Damante Giuseppe 
Published: July 2009

AbstractNucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) is an abundant phosphoprotein mainly located in the nucleolus but also shuttling between the nucleus and cytoplasm. NPM1 has been proposed to be involved in synthesis and processing of ribosomal RNA, regulation of chromatin structure and transport of rRNA and ribosomal proteins. NPM1 gene is considered to be implicated in human cancer as it is a frequent target of genetic alterations, primarily in haematopoietic neoplasms. We describe a case of a therapy‐responder acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patient bearing two novel NPM1 mutations. Cells' transfection studies indicate that the presence of one of these mutations is associated to an abnormal nucleolar structure, suggesting that NPM1 may contribute to the control of nucleolar integrity. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental and clinical characteristics in myelodysplastic syndrome patients with or without HLA‐DR15 allele
Authors: Xiao Li , Qiong Liao , Yan Zhang , Zheng Zhang , Luxi Song , Li Xu , Ying Tao , Yizhi Liu , Quan Pu 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe studied the effects of the presence of the HLA‐DR15 allele on the experimental and clinical features of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) by assessing the clinical data of 136 patients with MDS. We observed that the frequency of HLA‐DR15 expression in MDS patients (38.7%) was significantly higher than that in the healthy controls (p < 0.01). We noted the following observations with regard to disease progression: None of the 46 HLA‐DR15 positive patients with international prognostic scoring system (IPSS) scores ≤1 developed acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) during the follow‐up period, while six of the 63 DR15‐negative patients with the same IPSS score developed AML within a shorter follow‐up period (p = 0.039). Furthermore, the incidence of poor chromosomal abnormalities, the percentage of patients with IPSS scores ≥1.5 and the presence of ≥5% blasts in the bone marrow in the DR15‐positive patients were lower than the corresponding findings in the DR15‐negative patients. In addition, we also recorded the following observations with regard to bone marrow (BM) failure: The bicytopenia/pancytopenia ratio in the DR15‐positive patients was higher than that in the DR15‐negative patients (92.4 vs. 78.3%; p = 0.029). The peripheral–neutrophil count and the platelet count in the DR15‐positive patients were lower than those in the DR15‐negative patients (p = 0.028 and p = 0.011, respectively). Moreover, hypocellularity was more easily detectable in the DR15‐positive patients (26.4 vs. 16.9%). In addition, the BM CD4+ lymphocyte count and the CD4/CD8 ratio in the DR15‐positive patients were higher than the corresponding values in the DR15‐negative patients (p < 0.05 for both). However, there were no significant differences between the polarization of T‐helper (Th) and T‐cytotoxic (Tc) cells and the cytokine levels in these two patient groups. We concluded that the presence of the HLA‐DR15 allele is indicative of a genetic susceptibility to MDS and, the presence of the HLA‐DR15 allele showed less association with disease progression and greater association with BM failure. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inhibition of ovarian cancer cell proliferation by a cell cycle inhibitory peptide fused to a thermally responsive polypeptide carrier
Authors: Massodi Iqbal , Moktan Shama , Rawat Aruna , Bidwell Gene L. , Raucher Drazen 
Published: July 2009

AbstractCurrent treatment of solid tumors is limited by normal tissue tolerance, resulting in a narrow therapeutic index. To increase drug specificity and efficacy and to reduce toxicity in normal tissues, we have developed a polypeptide carrier for a cell cycle inhibitory peptide, which has the potential to be thermally targeted to the tumor site. The design of this polypeptide is based on elastin‐like polypeptide (ELP). The coding sequence of ELP was modified by the addition of the cell penetrating peptide Bac‐7 at the N‐terminus and a 23 amino acid peptide derived from p21 at the C‐terminus (Bac‐ELP1‐p21). Bac‐ELP1‐p21 is soluble in aqueous solutions below physiological temperature (37°C) but aggregates when the temperature is raised above 39°C, making it a promising thermally responsive therapeutic carrier that may be actively targeted to solid tumors by application of focused hyperthermia. While Bac‐ELP1‐p21 at 37°C did not have any effect on SKOV‐3 cell proliferation, the use of hyperthermia increased the antiproliferative effect of Bac‐ELP1‐p21 compared with a thermally unresponsive control polypeptide. Bac‐ELP1‐p21 displayed both a cytoplasmic and nuclear distribution in the SKOV‐3 cells, with nuclear‐localized polypeptide enriched in the heated cells, as revealed by confocal microscopy. Using Western blotting, we show that Bac‐ELP1‐p21 caused a decrease in Rb phosphorylation levels in cells treated at 42°C. The polypeptide also induced caspase activation, PARP cleavage, and cell cycle arrest in S‐phase and G2/M‐phase. These studies indicate that ELP is a promising macromolecular carrier for the delivery of cell cycle inhibitory peptides to solid tumors.
Risk of testicular cancer according to birthplace and birth cohort in Denmark
Authors: Myrup Charlotte , Wohlfahrt Jan , Oudin Anna , Schnack Tine , Melbye Mads 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBased on the intriguing finding of an east‐west gradient of testicular cancer risk in the Nordic countries with a low risk in Finland, intermediate in Sweden, and high risk in Denmark, it was suggested that national practices rather than individual behavior may be important in the etiology of this cancer. We investigated the risk of testicular cancer in all men born in Denmark, 1931–1969 according to birthplace. Testicular cancer information was derived from the Danish Cancer Registry and population data from Statistics Denmark. There was a several fold geographical variation in testicular cancer risk within Denmark. Among men born in the early period, 1931–39, the highest risk was primarily observed in the western part of Denmark whereas no such gradient was observed in more recent cohorts. The incidence of testicular cancer increased in all counties from the earliest to the latest birth cohort, but the increase was highest in the eastern parts of Denmark. The heterogeneity in risk according to place of birth within Denmark suggests that individual behavior plays an important role for the risk of testicular cancer. Based on the Danish data, the factor that may have caused the east‐west gradient in testicular cancer risk appears to have been more unevenly distributed in the early part of the past century compared to more recent times.
Detection of gastric carcinoma‐associated MG7‐Ag by serum immuno‐PCR assay in a high‐risk Chinese population, with implication for screening
Authors: Zhang Lian , Ren Jun , Pan Kaifeng , Ma Junling , Li Jiyou , Shen Lin , Zhang Xiaodong , Li Jie , Fan Daiming , Gail Mitchell , You Weicheng 
Published: July 2009

AbstractTo evaluate gastric carcinoma‐associated antigen, MG7‐Ag, for detection of gastric cancer in a high‐risk population, a population‐based screening of gastric cancer was conducted in Linqu County, Shandong Province, China. In 2002 and 2003, a total of 2,710 participants aged 35–65 years received an endoscopic examination with 5 biopsies taken from standard sites with pathological diagnosis, and serum samples were collected to detect MG7‐Ag by serum‐based Immunopolymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. The sensitivity and specificity of MG7‐Ag Immuno‐PCR assay in detecting of gastric cancer were assessed. Of 2,710 participants, 148 (5.46%) were determined to be MG7‐Ag positive. The sensitivity of MG7‐Ag Immuno‐PCR assay for the detection of gastric cancer was 77.5% (31 of 40 gastric cancer cases), the specificity was 95.62% (2,553 of 2,670 nongastric cancer subjects) and the accuracy was 73.12%. A total of 24 gastric cancer cases were in Stage I or II, of which 17 (70.8%) were MG7‐Ag positive. However, the proportion of MG7‐Ag positivity in subjects with superficial gastritis, chronic atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, indefinite dysplasia or dysplasia was ranged from 3.00% to 5.61% in comparison with 77.5% in those with gastric cancer. Our findings suggest that MG7‐Ag was a sensitive and specific serum biomarker and may have a potential for gastric cancer screening in the high‐risk population.
Elevated procalcitonin and C‐reactive protein as potential biomarkers of sepsis in a subpopulation of thrombotic microangiopathy patients
Authors: Erickson Yasuko O. , Samia Noelle I. , Bedell Bruce , Friedman Kenneth D. , Atkinson Bonnie S. , Raife Thomas J. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) comprises a group of microvascular thrombosis syndromes associated with multiple pathogenic factors. Deficient activity of ADAMTS13 is a pathogenic factor in a subset of TMA patients that provides a strong rationale for plasma exchange treatment. However, the subset of TMA patients with normal ADAMTS13 activity remains a heterogeneous group of patients in which the appropriate treatment is not well understood. In addition to the common forms of TMA thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and the hemolytic uremic syndrome, the differential diagnosis of TMA may include sepsis, autoimmune disorders, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Optimal treatment of TMA depends on timely recognition of treatable pathogenic factors. We hypothesized that sepsis is a rapidly identifiable pathogenic factor in a subset of TMA patients. To test this hypothesis, we retrospectively measured the rapid biomarkers of sepsis C‐reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT), in a repository of pretreatment plasma samples from 61 TMA patients treated with plasma exchange. Levels were analyzed in 31 severely ADAMTS13‐deficient and 30 ADAMTS13‐normal patients. None of the 31 patients with severe deficiency of ADAMTS13 had elevated PCT. However, 11 of 30 (37%) non‐ADAMTS13‐deficient patient samples were strongly positive for PCT. These patient samples also had a >10‐fold higher median CRP level than patients with normal PCT. We conclude that rapid assays may help identify sepsis in a subset of TMA patients. J. Clin. Apheresis, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and characterization of some 3‐acyl‐4‐amino‐1‐aryl‐1H‐pyrazoles
Authors: Šimůnek Petr , Svobodová Markéta , Macháček Vladimír 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
magnified imageA series of 3‐acyl‐4‐amino‐1‐aryl‐1H‐pyrazoles has been prepared by reaction of β‐enaminones with benzenediazonium tetrafluoroborates substituted especially by fluorine‐containing groups (F, CF3, and OCF3). The compounds prepared have been characterized by means of 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. In the case of reaction of 5‐phenylaminohept‐4‐en‐3‐one with 2,6‐dichloro‐4‐trifluoromethylbenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate the product of azo coupling on phenylamino group of the corresponding pyrazole has been isolated and identified. The intermediate (4‐(4‐methoxyphenyldiazenyl)‐5‐methylaminohept‐4‐en‐3‐one) on the route from enaminone to pyrazole has been isolated. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).
Synthesis and characterization of new phthalhydrazothiazole derivatives: A preliminary investigation on their activity against hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Cardia Maria Cristina , Distinto Simona , Maccioni Elias , Plumitallo Antonio , Sanna Laura , Sanna Maria Luisa , Vigo Sara 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
magnified imageThe synthesis of new 2‐(4‐substituted thiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,3‐dihydrophthalazine‐1,4‐diones, 2‐(4‐oxo‐4,5‐dihydro‐thiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,3‐dihydrophthalazine‐1,4‐diones, and 2‐(5‐arylidene‐4‐oxo‐4,5‐dihydrothiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,3‐dihy‐drophthalazine‐1,4‐diones is reported. The introduction of different substituents on the phthalazine, the thiazole and the thiazolinone has been studied. The new compounds have been characterized and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against hepatocellular carcinoma, one of the most lethal tumors. The activity shown by some of these compounds towards liver tumor cells is encouraging. J. Heterocyclic Chem. (2009).
Work characteristics, challenge appraisal, creativity, and proactive behavior: A multi‐level study
Authors: Ohly Sandra , Fritz Charlotte 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWork characteristics such as time pressure and job control can be experienced as a challenge that is positively associated with performance‐related behaviors. Using experience‐sampling data from 149 employees, we examined the relationships between these work characteristics and creativity and proactive behavior on a daily level. Results from multilevel analyses indicate that time pressure and job control are perceived as challenging, and that challenge appraisal in turn is related to daily creativity and proactive behavior. Furthermore, cross‐level mediation analyses revealed that daily work characteristics act as the mechanism underlying the relationships between chronic work characteristics and challenge appraisal. This study supports the view of time pressure as a challenge‐related stressor that leads to favorable outcomes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of metal ion on the water structure studied by the Raman OH stretching spectrum
Authors: Li Ruihua , Jiang Zhanpeng , Guan Yuntao , Yang Hongwei , Liu Bo 
Published: July 2009

AbstractRaman spectra in the OH stretching region of aqueous salt solutions were measured and compared, and the effects of metal ions on water structure deduced. The effects of alkali ions, alkaline ions or the first‐row transition metals on water structure were found to be similar. Differences of metal ionic effects on water structure exist among Na+, Mg2+ and Al3+, and between Ca2+ and Mn2+ and Al3+ and Fe3+. The factors that influence the metal ionic effects on the water structure are the ionic charge, the outmost electronic structure and ionic size, the ionic charge being the most important. With a five‐component Gaussian deconvolution of the Raman spectra of the aqueous solutions of NaCl, MgCl2, AlCl3 and FeCl3 with concentrations of 0 to ∼1mol/l, the ionic effects were found to be similar on the bands at 3233, 3393, 3511 and 3628 cm−1, but different on the band at 3051 cm−1. With increasing polarization of the metal ion, the band at 3051 cm−1, due to strong hydrogen bonding, increases. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spectroscopy properties of the amide group in valpromide and some derivatives with antiepileptic activity
Authors: Comelli Nieves C. , Massa Néstor E. , Castro Eduardo A. , Jubert Alicia H. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractInfrared spectra at 300 and 77 K and Raman spectra at 300 K of the valpromide (Vpd), N‐substituted derivatives, N‐ethylvalpromide (Etvpd), N‐isopropylvalpromide (Ipvpd) and the N,N‐disubstituted derivative, N,N‐dimethylvalpromide (Dmvpd) with antiepileptic activity, have been measured and analyzed with results derived from computational chemistry calculation. In agreement with theoretical predictions, experimental data indicate that while in Etvpd, Dmvpd and Ipvpd there are four different conformational co‐existing components (Etvpd: TTCG+, TCCG−, TTTC, G+G+C G+; Dmvpd: TTCC, G−TTA+, G+A−TC, G+A−C A+; Ipvpd: TTCT, TCCT, TCCC, G− TTT) in the Vpd there are only three distinct stable conformations of C1 symmetry group: TTC, TCT, G+G+T. Based on the accuracy of the B3LYP calculation, with the 6‐31 + G** basis set estimated by comparison between the predicted values of the vibrational modes and the available experimental data, we performed a structural and vibrational study of the amide group in the Vpd and their derivatives. We found that small nonplanarity deviations of C(O)N backbone induce significant changes on the structural and spectroscopic properties. These are not compatible with the decreasing of the resonance effect as it is produced when the twisting around the C(O)N increases. From the Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis the existence of stabilizing electrostatic interactions of type CH···O/N and CH···HN/C, which induce significant structural changes and a complex electronic redistribution of charge on the π‐system in those structures becomes evident. We view this as a consequence of the filled electron density change Lewis‐type NBOs type lpO1, 2, lpN1, σ(CH)Nacyl and empty non‐Lewis NBOs type σ*(CH)Nacyl, σ*NH. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman polarization studies of highly oriented organic thin films
Authors: Presser V. , Schuster B.‐E. , Casu M. B. , Heinemeyer U. , Schreiber F. , Nickel K. G. , Chassé T. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn this work we report on the capability of polarized Raman spectroscopy to investigate the structure of thin organic films. Diindenoperylene (DIP) thin films on (1 × 1)‐rutile(110) were prepared via organic molecular beam deposition (OMBD). Raman spectra of DIP thin films showed several strong Raman modes in the wavenumber region from 1200 to 1650 cm−1. The Ag mode at 1284 cm−1 shows two contributions, thereby indicating the coexistence of at least two DIP film structures. Polarized Raman spectroscopy was applied to characterize the molecular orientation and the dominance of the σ‐configuration (i.e. upright standing DIP molecules) was found. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhancement of bonding to enamel and dentin prepared by Er,Cr:YSGG laser
Authors: Obeidi Ali , McCracken Michael S. , Liu Perng‐Ru , Litaker Mark S. , Beck Preston , Rahemtulla Firoz 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveErbium lasers are potential tools to remove caries and dental hard tissue but bond strengths of composites to those preparations are reported to be lower than conventional methods. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of mechanical excavation and/or chemical alteration on bond strength of composites to laser irradiated enamel and dentin.Materials and MethodsSeventy‐two premolars were ground to obtain flat enamel (E, n = 36) or dentin (D, n = 36) surfaces in both buccal and lingual cusps, divided into: LaserExcavation (LEx), LaserNo‐excavation (LNex), and Bur (B) groups. The laser groups were irradiated for 10 seconds by Er,Cr:YSGG laser [4.5 W, 60% air, 80% water (enamel) 3 W, 60% air, 70% water (dentin)]. Irradiated surfaces in the excavation groups (Ex) were then mechanically smoothed with a dental excavator, prepared surfaces were then etched (37% H3PO4) for 20 or 40 seconds (enamel) and 15 or 30 seconds (dentin), washed (20 seconds), adhesive was applied(Single Bond Plus), and light cured (20 seconds). A composite cylinder (Filtek Supreme Plus) formed, placed and light cured (40 seconds). The specimens were stored (37°C,48 hours), shear bond tested (1 mm/minute), and statistically analyzed (P < 0.05).ResultsMixed‐model ANOVA showed significant differences between enamel (P = 0.0091) and between dentin groups (P = 0.0035). Tukey/Kramer showed mean shear bond strength (SBS±SE) of EB40 (27.01±2.38 MPa) was significantly higher than ELNoExc20 (14.39±2.5 MPa) and ELExc40 (14.90±2.28 MPa). Also DB30 (17.57± 1.67 MPa) and DLExc30 (18.6±1.74 MPa) were significantly higher than DLNoExc15 (9.56±1.86 MPa).ConclusionIncreasing the etching time up to 40 seconds or excavation of the laser prepared surface (but not the combination) may increase the bond strength to the level of conventional methods in enamel but excavation has a greater influence in dentin. Also the combination of both methods [excavation+longer etching time (30 seconds)] exhibit significantly better results in dentin.Mode of failure study showed mechanical excavation in both enamel and dentin can significantly reduce the cohesive failure in tooth structure. Lasers Surg. Med. 41:454–462, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Directing the Smectic Layer Orientation by Shear Flow in Hierarchical Lamellar‐within‐lamellar Liquid Crystalline Diblock Copolymers
Authors: Laiho Ari , Hiekkataipale Panu , Ruokolainen Janne , Ikkala Olli 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA self‐assembled lamellar‐within‐lamellar structure of a side chain liquid crystalline diblock copolymer was shear aligned to induce overall alignment and to direct the smectic layer orientation within the copolymer lamellae. The copolymer consisted of a polystyrene block and a poly(methyl methacrylate) block bearing cholesteryl mesogens with only short oxycarbonyloxyethyl spacers separating the mesogens from the backbone. Upon shearing, the copolymer lamellae exhibited uniaxial alignment whereas the smectic layers of the mesogens showed coexisting perpendicular and parallel orientations with respect to the copolymer lamellae. The fraction of the parallel oriented domains could be systematically increased by tuning the oscillation frequency and strain amplitude.magnified image
Amphiphilic Hybrid π‐Conjugated Polymers Containing Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes
Authors: Miyake Junpei , Sawamura Toshiyuki , Kokado Kenta , Chujo Yoshiki 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAmphiphilic hybrid π‐conjugated polymers that have polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes on their side chains have been successfully synthesized by the Sonogashira–Hagihara polycondensation reaction. The obtained polymers were studied with ultraviolet‐visible absorption and photoluminescence spectra. In these polymers, the π‐conjugation length was extended along the poly(p‐phenylene‐ethynylene) backbone. Furthermore, the content of the POSS substituents can influence the aggregation behavior of the polymers and subsequent luminescent properties.magnified image