bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Conducting Polymer Spiral Nanostructures Using a Surfactant Crystallite Template
Authors: Wang Yong , Chen Wei , Zhou Dongshan , Xue Gi 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe present work describes, for the first time, the synthesis of spiral nanostructures of conducting polymers by chemical oxidant polymerization using a hydrated surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDSn)) crystallite template. A spiral dislocation structure on the surface of a hydrated SDSn crystallite has been observed and is responsible for the growth of the spiral nanoarchitecture of conducting polymers (polypyrrole, polyaniline). Ammonium peroxydisulfate (APS) has a strong tendency to induce the formation of a spiral dislocation structure of hydrated SDSn crystallites. The mechanism of adsorption of pyrrole or aniline oligomers on the steps of dislocation is proposed for the growth of conducting polymer spirals.magnified image
Proteomics of the photoneuroendocrine circadian system of the brain
Authors: Møller Morten , Lund‐Andersen Casper , Rovsing Louise , Sparre Thomas , Bache Nicolai , Roepstorff Peter , Vorum Henrik 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe photoneuroendocrine circadian system of the brain consists of (a) specialized photoreceptors in the retina, (b) a circadian generator located in the forebrain that contains “clock genes,” (c) specialized nuclei in the forebrain involved in neuroendocrine secretion, and (d) the pineal gland. The circadian generator is a nucleus, called the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). The neurons of this nucleus contain “clock genes,” the transcription of which exhibits a circadian rhythm. Most circadian rhythms are generated by the neurons of this nucleus and, via neuronal and humoral connections, the SCN controls circadian activity of the brain and peripheral tissues. The endogenous oscillator of the SCN is each day entrained to the length of the daily photoperiod by light that reach the retina, and specialized photoreceptors transmit impulses to the SCN via the optic nerves. Mass screening for day/night variations in gene expression in the circadian system as well as in the whole brain and peripheral tissues have, during the last decade, been performed. However, studies of circadian changes in the proteome have been less investigated. In this survey, the anatomy and function of the circadian‐generating system in mammals is described, and recent proteomic studies that investigate day/night changes in the retina, SCN, and pineal gland are reviewed. Further circadian changes controlled by the SCN in gene and protein expression in the liver are discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 29:313–325, 2010
Intrajejunal levodopa infusion in Parkinson's disease: A pilot multicenter study of effects on nonmotor symptoms and quality of life
Authors: Honig Holger , Antonini Angelo , Martinez‐Martin Pablo , Forgacs Ian , Faye Guy C. , Fox Thomas , Fox Karen , Mancini Francesca , Canesi Margherita , Odin Per , Chaudhuri K. Ray 
Published: May 2009

AbstractSwitching from oral medications to continuous infusion of levodopa/carbidopa gel reduces motor complications in advanced Parkinson's disease (PD), but effects on nonmotor symptoms (NMSs) are unknown. In this prospective open‐label observational study, we report the effects of intrajejunal levodopa/carbidopa gel infusion on NMS in PD based on standard assessments utilizing the nonmotor symptoms scale (NMSS) along with the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS 3 motor and 4 complications) and quality of life (QoL) using the Parkinson's disease questionnaire (PDQ‐8). Twenty‐two advanced PD patients (mean age 58.6 years, duration of disease 15.3 years) were followed for 6 months. A statistically significant beneficial effect was shown in six of the nine domains of the NMSS: cardiovascular, sleep/fatigue, attention/memory, gastrointestinal, urinary, and miscellaneous (including pain and dribbling) and for the total score of this scale (NMSST) paralleling improvement of motor symptoms (UPDRS 3 motor and 4 complications in “best on” state) and dyskinesias/motor fluctuations. In addition, significant improvements were found using the Parkinson's disease sleep scale (PDSS) and the PDQ‐8 (QoL). The improvement in PDQ‐8 scores correlated highly significantly with the changes in NMSST, whereas a moderately strong correlation was observed with UPDRS changes. This is the first demonstration that a levodopa‐based continuous dopaminergic stimulation is beneficial for NMS and health‐related quality of life in PD in addition to the reduction of motor fluctuations and dyskinesias. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Gene expression, cell cycle arrest and MAPK signalling regulation in Caco‐2 cells exposed to ellagic acid and its metabolites, urolithins
Authors: González‐Sarrías Antonio , Espín Juan‐Carlos , Tomás‐Barberán Francisco A. , García‐Conesa María‐Teresa 
Published: May 2009

AbstractNovel gene expression profiles and cellular functions modulated in Caco‐2 cells in response to the dietary polyphenol, ellagic acid (EA), and its colonic metabolites, urolithin‐A (3,8‐dihydroxy‐6H‐dibenzo[b,d] pyran‐6‐one) and urolithin‐B (3‐hydroxy‐6H‐dibenzo[b,d] pyran‐6‐one) have been identified. Exposure of cells to EA and urolithins arrested cell growth at the S‐ and G2/M‐phases. Transcriptional profiling using microarray and functional analysis revealed changes in the expression levels of MAPK signalling genes such as, growth factor receptors (FGFR2,EGFR), oncogenes (K‐Ras,c‐Myc), and tumour suppressors (DUSP6,Fos) and of genes involved in cell cycle (CCNB1,CCNB1IP1). Results suggest that EA and urolithin‐A and ‐B, at concentrations achievable in the lumen from the diet, might contribute to colon cancer prevention by modulating the expression of multiple genes in epithelial cells lining the colon. Some of these genes are involved in key cellular processes associated with cancer development and are currently being investigated as potential chemopreventive targets.
Inhibition of mutagenic PhIP formation by epigallocatechin gallate via scavenging of phenylacetaldehyde
Authors: Cheng Ka‐Wing , Wong Chi Chun , Chao Jianfei , Lo Clive , Chen Feng , Chu Ivan K. , Che Chi‐Ming , Ho Chi‐Tang , Wang Mingfu 
Published: May 2009

AbstractChemical model investigation showed that both epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and its peracetate, which has all the hydroxyl groups acetylated, effectively reduced the formation of 2‐amino‐1‐methyl‐6‐phenylimidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine (PhIP), the most abundant mutagenic heterocyclic amine found in foods. Mechanistic study was subsequently carried out to characterize the probable inhibitory mechanism involved. GC‐MS analysis showed that EGCG in only one‐fourth molar quantity of phenylalanine reduced formation of phenylacetaldehyde, a key PhIP intermediate by nearly 90%. Its peracetate also showed similar inhibitory activity. This further supported the existence of an antioxidant‐independent mechanism contributing to the inhibition of PhIP formation by EGCG. Subsequent LC‐MS analyses of samples from a wide range of model systems consisting of PhIP precursors showed the generation of characteristic analytes with molecular weight corresponding to the sum of EGCG and phenylalanine fragment(s) only in models where phenylalanine and EGCG were simultaneously present. An isotope‐labeling study revealed that these analytes all contained fragment(s) of phenylalanine origin. Direct reaction employing phenylacetaldehyde and EGCG further confirmed the capability of EGCG to form adducts with phenylacetaldehyde, thus reducing its availability for PhIP formation. Finally, an investigation of the time course of the generation of postulated adduction products supported EGCG as an effective inhibitor of PhIP formation in prolonged heating processes.
Comparative analysis of 13C shielding constants stereospecificity in the silicon and germanium derivatives of acetylenic aldehyde and ketone oximes based on the 13C NMR spectroscopy and GIAO calculations
Authors: Afonin Andrei V. , Pavlov Dmitry V. , Mareev Alexander V. , Simonenko Dmitry E. , Ushakov Igor A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn the acetylenic aldehyde oximes with substituents containing silicon and germanium, the 13C NMR signal of the C‐2 carbon of triple bond is shifted by 3.5 ppm to lower frequency and that of the C‐3 carbon is moved by 7 ppm to higher frequency on going from E to Z isomer. A greater low‐frequency effect of 5.5 ppm on the C‐2 carbon signal and a greater high‐frequency effect of 11 ppm on the C‐3 carbon signal are observed in the analogous acetylenic ketone oximes. The carbon chemical shift of the CN bond is larger by 4 ppm in E isomer relative to Z isomer for the aldehyde and ketone oximes. The 29Si chemical shifts in the silicon containing acetylenic aldehyde and ketone oximes are almost the same for the diverse isomers. The trends in changes of the measured chemical shifts are well reproduced by the gauge‐including atomic orbital (GIAO) calculations of the 13C and 29Si shielding constants. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Algorithm for the introduction of rapid‐acting insulin analogues in patients with type 2 diabetes on basal insulin therapy
Authors: Owens DR , Schalkwyk C van , Smith P , Beer S , Goenka N , Bain SC , Bootle S , Robertson D , Robinson A , Shaw JAM 
Published: May 2009

AbstractMore than 4% of men and 3% of women in the UK are known to have type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, an ageing population and increasing prevalence of obesity, both associated with the onset of diabetes, mean that the number of people with the condition is expected to rise dramatically. Uncontrolled diabetes can lead to the development of complications such as retinopathy, neuropathy and myocardial infarction, the treatment of which places an ever increasing burden on health care services. The incidence of such complications can be reduced by adequate glycaemic control, and this can be achieved using an evolving therapeutic strategy which comprises a variety of treatment options involving oral hypoglycaemic agents and insulin preparations, tailored to meet the progressive nature of the condition. Diet and lifestyle modifications have limited long‐term success in maintaining glycaemic control, and it is recommended that metformin, an oral hypoglycaemic agent, is introduced from diagnosis. Meal‐related blood glucose peaks pose a particular challenge to achieving overall glycaemic control, and the introduction of prandial insulin using short‐acting insulin analogues is effective in quickly lowering postprandial blood glucose.This article presents an algorithm that has been developed to provide guidance to health care professionals on the use of prandial insulin to control excessive post‐meal glycaemic excursions in persons with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled (HbA1c >7%) on basal insulin, with or without oral hypoglycaemic agents. Copyright ©2009 John Wiley & Sons.
Spectroscopic study of the low‐dimensional (C3H7NH3)2CdCl4 crystal irradiated with X‐rays
Authors: Kapustianyk Volodymyr , Panasyuk Myron , Partyka Maryan , Rudyk Viktor , Tsybulskyy Volodymyr 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe optical absorption spectra of the two‐dimensional crystals of n ‐(C3H7NH3)2CdCl4 induced by X‐ray irradiation at 20 K were studied and compared with those for the as‐received sample. It has been found that X‐irradiation causes effects similar to those observed in the related crystals of (Cn H2n +1NH3)2CdCl4 (n = 1, 2). New optical absorption bands (IR bands) were found in the region 10–17 kcm–1, besides the absorption band of the Cl2– molecular center characteristic of this compound. The absorption intensities of these bands decrease at temperatures higher than 40 K accompanying the decrease of the Cl2– concentration in n‐ (C3H7NH3)2CdCl4 crystals. These IR bands are assigned to the electron‐trapped center where an electron is trapped by an alkylammonium head in the neighborhood of a Cl– vacancy. Such a model was found to be in good agreement with the results of the X‐ray luminescence and thermoluminescence study. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Threading dislocations annihilation in regrown GaN film on nanoporous GaN template
Authors: Soh C. B. , Hartono H. , Chow S. Y. , Chua S. J. , Tripathy S. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractRegrowth of GaN buffer layer on nanoporous GaN at different chamber temperature of 750 °C, 850 °C and 1000 °C are used to study the mechanism behind threading dislocations reduction in the GaN film subsequently overgrown. The growth of a 100 nm GaN buffer layer at 850 °C causes dislocations to bend into the underlying GaN and annihilated at the interface of GaN buffer/nanoporous GaN. Thermal treatment of nanoporous GaN in MOCVD growth chamber at 850 °C in NH3 and N2 ambient leads to the pinning of the threading dislocations at its surface edge steps by impurity –vacancy complexes of SiNx. The SiNx are formed by the impinging adatoms of NH3 which interact with Si dangling bonds at the subgrain boundaries of the nanoporous Si‐doped GaN. When the nanoporous GaN sample undergoes rapid thermal annealing in N2 ambient, no effective filling of these voids are observed and dislocations density is not substantial reduced. Regrowth of GaN at 850 °C re‐structured the nanoporous GaN, forming a SiNx complex at the voids or pores which pinned dislocation propagation. This explained the mechanism behind dislocation annihilation in regrown GaN on nanoporous GaN template with the use of additional interfacial GaN buffer layer. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Growth of M ‐plane (10‐10) InN on LiAlO2 (100) substrate
Authors: Takagi Yusuke , Muto Daisuke , Yamaguchi Tomohiro , Araki Tsutomu , Nanishi Yasushi 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn this study, we report the growth and characterization of M ‐plane InN films on LiAlO2 (100) substrates by radio‐frequency plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy (RF‐MBE). InN films were grown at various temperatures and under various V/III ratios on the substrates. Pure M ‐plane InN films were successfully grown at a high temperature of 450 °C and under a slightly In‐rich condition, while the incorporation of C ‐plane phase was observed in M ‐plane InN films grown at low temperatures of less than 400 °C or under a N‐rich condition. These indicate that controls of growth temperature and V/III ratio are important for the growth of pure M ‐plane InN films. The in‐plane epitaxial relationships of M ‐plane InN on LiAlO2 (100) were [0001]InN // [010]LiAlO2 and [1‐210]InN // [001]LiAlO2. A surface electron accumulation layer on the obtained M ‐plane InN film is also discussed. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A method for assessing and maintaining the reproducibility of mass spectrometric analyses of complex samples
Authors: Lecchi Paolo , Zhao Jinghua , Wiggins Wesley S. , Chen Tzong‐Hao , Bertenshaw Greg P. , Yip Ping F. , Mansfield Brian C. , Peltier John M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDirect injection mass spectrometric analysis of biological samples is potentially an attractive approach to the discovery of diagnostic patterns for specific pathophysiological conditions because of its speed and simplicity. Despite the possible benefits offered by such a method, its extensive application has been limited so far by several factors, including the inadequate reproducibility of the analytical results. We describe a method for monitoring and optimizing the performance of mass spectrometers used for biomarker discovery studies, based on the analysis of patterns of standardized spectral features. The method was successfully applied to maintaining spectral reproducibility during a multi‐day analysis of hundreds of serum samples despite an ion source failure, which necessitated minor maintenance. The monitoring method allowed the early detection of that failure and the restoration of the spectral profiles after the system was restarted. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Deployment algorithms for a power‐constrained mobile sensor network
Authors: Kwok Andrew , Martínez Sonia 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis paper presents distributed coverage algorithms for mobile sensor networks in which agents have limited power to move. Rather than making use of a constrained optimization technique, our approach accounts for power constraints by assigning non‐homogeneously time‐varying regions to each robot. This leads to novel partitions of the environment into limited‐range, generalized Voronoi regions. The motion control algorithms are then designed to ascend the gradient of several types of locational optimization functions. In particular, the objective functions reflect the global energy available to the group and different coverage criteria. As we discuss in the paper, this has an effect on limiting each agent's velocity to save energy and balance its expenditure across the network. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanofountain‐Probe‐Based High‐Resolution Patterning and Single‐Cell Injection of Functionalized Nanodiamonds
Authors: Loh Owen , Lam Robert , Chen Mark , Moldovan Nicolaie , Huang Houjin , Ho Dean , Espinosa Horacio D. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractNanodiamonds are rapidly emerging as promising carriers for next‐generation therapeutics and drug delivery. However, developing future nanoscale devices and arrays that harness these nanoparticles will require unrealized spatial control. Furthermore, single‐cell in vitro transfection methods lack an instrument that simultaneously offers the advantages of having nanoscale dimensions and control and continuous delivery via microfluidic components. To address this, two modes of controlled delivery of functionalized diamond nanoparticles are demonstrated using a broadly applicable nanofountain probe, a tool for direct‐write nanopatterning with sub‐100‐nm resolution and direct in vitro single‐cell injection. This study demonstrates the versatility of the nanofountain probe as a tool for high‐fidelity delivery of functionalized nanodiamonds and other agents in nanomanufacturing and single‐cell biological studies. These initial demonstrations of controlled delivery open the door to future studies examining the nanofountain probe's potential in delivering specific doses of DNA, viruses, and other therapeutically relevant biomolecules.
[3H]4‐(Dimethylamino)‐N‐[4‐(4‐(2‐methoxyphenyl)piperazin‐ 1‐yl)butyl]benzamide, a selective radioligand for dopamine D3receptors. I. In vitro characterization
Authors: Xu Jinbin , Chu Wenhua , Tu Zhude , Jones Lynne A. , Luedtke Robert R. , Perlmutter Joel S. , Mintun Mark A. , Mach Robert H. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract4‐(Dimethylamino)‐N‐(4‐(4‐(2‐methoxyphenyl)piperazin‐1‐yl)butyl)benzamide (WC‐10), aN‐phenyl piperazine analog, has been shown to have high affinity and selectivity for dopamine D3receptors versus dopamine D2receptors (Chu et al. [2005] Bioorg Med Chem 13:77–87). In this study,WC‐10was radiolabeled with tritium (specific activity = 80 Ci/mmol) and [3H]WC‐10binding to genetically cloned dopamine D2Land D3receptors was evaluated in vitro. [3H]WC‐10binds with a 66‐fold higher affinity to human HEK D3than HEK D2Lreceptors, with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 1.2 nM at HEK D3receptors. However, [3H]WC‐10binds to rat Sf9 rD3receptors with aKdof 3.9 nM, a value that is 3‐fold lower than binding to human HEK D3receptors and 40‐fold value higher than binding to rat Sf9 rD2Lreceptors. TheKdvalues obtained from saturation binding experiments were consistent with the results determined from kinetic (konandkoff) studies. The pharmacologic profiles of a series of dopaminergic drugs for inhibiting the binding of [3H]WC‐10to D3receptors was in agreement with previously reported data. In vitro autoradiography studies of rat and monkey brains show that [3H]WC‐10labeled D3sites in the striatal region. Synapse 63:717–728, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of dominant ground frequency and soil on multiple tuned mass dampers
Authors: Li Chunxiang , Han Bingkang 
Published: May 2009

AbstractUsing the proposed model of earthquake ground motions, the parametric study is performed to examine the effects of the DGF and SC on the performance of the MTMD with identical stiffness and damping coefficient but unequal mass. Examination on the optimum parameters of the MTMD is conducted through minimization of the minimum values of the maximum displacement dynamic magnification factors of the structure with the MTMD. The optimum parameters of the MTMD include the optimum frequency spacing measuring the robustness, average damping ratio and tuning frequency ratio. Minimizing the minimum values of the maximum displacement dynamic magnification factors, non‐dimensionalized by the maximum displacement dynamic magnification factors of the structure without the MTMD, is used to measure the effectiveness of the MTMD. Likewise, an evaluation is made on the stroke displacement of the MTMD through assessing the maximum displacement dynamic magnification factors of each TMD in the MTMD. The results indicate that DGF and SC, in particular, the former, have significant effects on the optimum parameters, effectiveness and stroke displacement of the MTMD. Nonetheless, the MTMD may be used to reduce the seismic response of the structure with controlled natural frequency less than DGF. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of peak structural responses based on consistent elastic and inelastic design spectra
Authors: Swensen Scott , Wong Kevin 
Published: May 2009

AbstractMany structures built in seismically active regions are expected to behave nonlinearly during an earthquake event. Because of the complex and cumbersome nature of nonlinear time history structural analysis, more recent research has been focused on a way of producing inelastic response spectra that will accurately estimate the peak structural responses. In this paper, peak acceleration and displacement values for three different two‐dimensional steel frames were determined using linear and nonlinear time history analysis, and the results were then compared with peak responses found using elastic and inelastic response spectrum analysis. In order to compare the accuracy of these methods, 12 ground motions were adjusted using spectral matching to produce 12 different ground motion histories with nearly identical 5% damped elastic design spectra for the University of Utah location in Salt Lake City, as specified by the United States Geological Survey. It was determined that linear response spectrum analysis proves to be a fairly accurate estimate of time history peak responses. While inelastic response spectrum analysis was found to provide a somewhat less accurate estimation of time history peak responses, the method still shows promise as a simpler and less computationally intensive alternative to time history analysis. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of extraction temperature and refining on the Halphen‐test response of cottonseed oil
Authors: Bailey August V. , Magne Frank C. , Pittman Robert A. , Skau Evald L. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractCottonseed oil of higher Halpen‐acid‐moiety concentration can be obtained by hot hexane extraction of cotton‐seed meats from which the oil has already been partially extracted at room temperature. The intensity of the Halphen‐test color solution is affected by many nitrogen‐containing substances including soybean phosphatides.
Molecular Mechanisms of Obesity and Diabetes: At the Intersection of Weight Regulation, Inflammation, and Glucose Homeostasis
Authors: O’Rourke Robert W. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractObesity is a major health crisis, and diabetes is one of its most serious sequelae. Obesity is associated with a state of chronic systemic inflammation that is a primary etiologic factor in the development of insulin resistance and diabetes. This inflammatory state is based in adipose tissue and mediated in large part by tissue macrophages and their cytokine and adipokine products. Recent research has identified specific molecular mediators of the link between inflammation and insulin resistance in obesity. Study of these mediators and the specific mechanisms underlying inflammation and insulin resistance in obesity holds the promise for novel pharmacotherapy for obesity‐related metabolic disease.