bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A three‐dimensional Monte Carlo model for the simulation of nanoelectronic devices
Authors: Sadi T. , Thobel J.‐L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWe present a three‐dimensional (3D) semi‐classical ensemble Monte Carlo model newly developed to simulate a variety of nanoelectronic devices. The characteristics of the 3D model are compared with the widely used two‐dimensional (2D) models. The advantages of our model, in terms of accuracy in modelling the physics behind the operation of nanodevices, are presented by applying it to T‐branch junctions based on InGaAs/InAlAs heterostructures. Simulation of a T‐branch junction with a Schottky gate terminal is presented, using both 2D and 3D models, demonstrating the necessity of using 3D simulation models to study the physics of complex‐geometry nanostructures. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reducing the computational requirements of time‐reversal device optimizations
Authors: Scott Ian , Vukovic Ana , Sewell Phillip 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTime‐reversal simulations using conventional numerical algorithms provide the basis for a simple component optimization procedure. However, the computational requirements of the approach can become excessive, requiring the recording of the complete field time histories on a surface surrounding the problem space. In this work temporal, spatial and modal filtering methods are employed to significantly reduce the computational resources demanded by the time‐reversal process. The design of a number of WR90 (X‐band) waveguide components is used to quantify the balance between the computational efficiency gains and deterioration in the final design quality. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional silica nanoparticle‐mediated neuronal membrane sealing following traumatic spinal cord injury
Authors: Cho Youngnam , Shi Riyi , Ivanisevic Albena , Ben Borgens Richard 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe mechanical damage to neurons and their processes induced by spinal cord injury (SCI) causes a progressive cascade of pathophysiological events beginning with the derangement of ionic equilibrium and collapse of membrane permeability. This leads to a cumulative deterioration of neurons, axons, and the tissue architecture of the cord. We have previously shown that the application of the hydrophilic polymer polyethylene glycol (PEG) following spinal cord or brain injury can rapidly restore membrane integrity, reduce oxidative stress, restore impaired axonal conductivity, and mediate functional recovery in rats, guinea pigs, and dogs. However there are limits to both the concentration and the molecular weight of the application that do not permit the broadest recovery across an injured animal population. In this study, PEG‐decorated silica nanoparticles (PSiNPs) sealed cells, as shown by the significantly reduced leakage of lactate dehydrogenase from damaged cells compared with uncoated particles or PEG alone. Further in vivo tests showed that PSiNPs also significantly reduced the formation of reactive oxygen species and the process of lipid peroxidation of the membrane. Fabrication of PSiNPs containing embedded dyes also revealed targeting of the particles to damaged, but not undamaged, spinal cord tissues. In an in vivo crush/contusion model of guinea pig SCI, every animal but one injected with PSiNPs recovered conduction through the cord lesion, whereas none of the control animals did. These findings suggest that the use of multifunctional nanoparticles may offer a novel treatment approach for spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, and possibly neurodegenerative disorders. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Progressive noradrenergic deficits in the locus coeruleus of Mecp2 deficient mice
Authors: Roux Jean‐Christophe , Panayotis Nicolas , Dura Emmanuelle , Villard Laurent 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMethyl‐CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) is a transcriptional regulator. Mutations in this gene cause a wide range of neurological disorders. Mecp2 deficiency has been previously associated to catecholaminergic dysfunctions leading to autonomic defects in the brainstem and the sympathoadrenergic system of the mouse. The present study was undertaken to determine if the locus coeruleus (LC), the main noradrenergic cell group of the brain, is affected. Using real type PCR, we found a reduction of the tyrosine hydroxylase (Th) mRNA level, the rate‐limiting enzyme in catecholamine synthesis, in the whole pons of P15 (‐36%), P30 (‐47%) and P50 (‐42%) Mecp2 null male as well as in adult heterozygous female (‐44%) mice. Using immunoquantification we did not observe any difference of the Th staining level in P30 null male mice. However at P50, we demonstrated a significant decrease in both the Th staining level (‐24%), and the number of Th‐positive neurons (‐23%). We subsequently characterized a reduction (‐28%) of the dendritic density of the Th‐positive fibers surrounding the LC in P50 null male mice. In heterozygous female mice immunoquantification did not revealed significant modifications, but only a tendency towards reduction. Finally, we did not found any apoptotic neurons in the pons indicating that LC neurons are not dying but are more likely loosing their catecholaminergic phenotype. In conclusion, our results showing a progressive catecholaminergic deficit in the LC of Mecp2 deficient null male mice could open new perspectives to better understand the autonomic and cognitive deficits due to the lack of Mecp2. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
When does quality of relationships with coworkers predict burnout over time? The moderating role of work motivation
Authors: Fernet Claude , Gagné Marylène , Austin Stéphanie 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe present prospective study examines the interplay between the quality of relationships with coworkers and work motivation in predicting burnout. Considering self‐determined motivation at work as a potential moderator, we investigated whether relationships with coworkers are equally important to all employees in preventing burnout. A total of 533 college employees participated in this study. Data were collected at two time points, two years apart. Results from structural equation modeling indicated negative main effects for high‐quality relationships and self‐determined motivation on burnout. A significant interaction effect between these two factors on burnout was also revealed, suggesting that high‐quality relationships with coworkers is crucial for those employees who exhibit less self‐determined work motivation. Implications for burnout research and management practices are discussed (Deci & Ryan, 1985). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Understanding the connections between relationship conflict and performance: The intervening roles of trust and exchange
Authors: Lau Rebecca S. , Cobb Anthony T. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractResearch shows that relationship conflict has a negative impact on job performance. There is scant theoretical work, however, explaining the interpersonal dynamics that lead to this outcome. A conceptual model is developed that explores how relationship conflict impacts performance through its effects on trust and exchange. We argue that relationship conflict has a detrimental effect on trust motivating coworkers to rely more on calculus‐based trust than on relationship‐based trust. This, in turn, affects the form of exchange coworkers use with one another, leading them to rely on negotiated exchange to the exclusion of reciprocal exchange. This kind of exchange relationship, finally, affects in‐role, extra‐role, and attitudinal outcomes. The literature shows that superordinate goals can mitigate relationship conflict and we use social and self‐categorization theories to explain and explore this effect on both relationship conflict and trust. How trust and exchange might change over time is also explored. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of bromoacetate‐substituted β‐CD‐bonded silica particles as chiral stationary phase for HPLC
Authors: Thamarai Chelvi Sennappan K. , Yong E. L. , Gong Yinhan 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBromoacetate‐substituted [3‐(2‐O‐β‐cyclodextrin)‐2‐hydroxypropoxy]propylsilyl‐appended silica particles (BACD‐HPS), an important and useful synthetic intermediate for preparation of novel types of macrocycles‐capped β‐CD‐bonded silica particles including crown ether/cyclam/calix[4]arene‐capped β‐CD‐bonded silica particles, have been prepared and used as chiral stationary phase for HPLC. This synthetic stationary phase is characterized by means of elemental analysis. For the first time, the chromatographic behavior of BACD‐HPS was systematically evaluated with several disubstituted benzenes and some chiral drug compounds under both normal and RP conditions in HPLC. The results show that BACD‐HPS has excellent selectivity for the separation of aromatic positional isomers and chiral isomers of some drug compounds when used as stationary phase in HPLC.
Determination of phthalates in fruit jellies by dispersive SPE coupled with HPLC‐MS
Authors: Ma Yuwei , Hashi Yuki , Ji Feng , Lin Jin‐Ming 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn this study, a simple, rapid and sensitive method for the determination of five phthalates including dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, dipropyl phthalate, benzyl butyl phthalate, and dicyclohexyl phthalate in fruit jellies by LC coupled with MS has been developed. Samples were pretreated by a dispersive SPE method, termed QuEChERS, which is an acronym for quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe. The standard calibration curves were linear for all the analytes over the concentration range of 10–250 ng/mL, and the correlation coefficients ranged from 0.9976 to 0.9991. The LODs and LOQs were in the ranges of 0.09–3.68 ng/mL and 0.28–11.25 ng/mL, respectively. The accuracy of this method was evaluated by measuring the recovery from spiked samples. The recoveries of all five phthalates from samples spiked at three different concentrations (0.01, 0.03, and 0.05 mg/kg), were in the ranges of 83.5–103.9%, 86.7–95.8%, and 87.1–95.2%, respectively. The RSD values for the samples spiked at 0.01, 0.03 , and 0.05 mg/kg ranged from 2.0–7.6%, 1.4–6.4%, and 1.2–3.8%, respectively. The method has been used for the analysis of real samples and BBP and DEP were found in real samples.
Highly selective GC stationary phases consisting of binary mixtures of polymeric ionic liquids
Authors: Zhao Qichao , Anderson Jared L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractGC stationary phases composed of binary mixtures of two polymeric ionic liquids (PILs), namely, poly(1‐vinyl‐3‐hexylimidazolium) bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide (poly(ViHIm‐NTf2))/poly(1‐vinyl‐3‐hexylimidazolium) chloride (poly(ViHIm‐Cl)) and poly(1‐vinyl‐3‐hexadecylimidazolium) bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide (poly(ViHDIm‐NTf2))/poly(1‐vinyl‐3‐hexadecylimidazolium) chloride (poly(ViHDIm‐Cl)), were evaluated in terms of their on‐set bleed temperature and separation selectivity. A total of six neat or binary PIL stationary phases were characterized using the solvation parameter model to investigate the effects of the polymeric cation and anion and PIL composition on the system constants of the resulting stationary phases. The hydrogen bond basicity of the mixed poly(ViHIm‐NTf2)/poly(ViHIm‐Cl) stationary phases was enriched linearly with the increase in the poly(ViHIm‐Cl) content. Results revealed that tuning the composition of the stationary phase allowed for fine control of the retention factors and separation selectivity for alcohols and carboxylic acids as well as selected ketones, aldehydes, and aromatic compounds. A reversal of elution order was observed for particular classes of analytes when the weight percentage of the chloride‐based PIL was increased.
New Generation of Polymeric Drugs: Copolymer from NIPAAM and Cyclodextrin Methacrylate Containing Supramolecular‐Attached Antitumor Derivative
Authors: Maciollek Arkadius , Munteanu Maricica , Ritter Helmut 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWe describe the synthesis of an adamantane‐bearing analogue of 5‐fluorocytosine. The process was investigated by 1H NMR, FT‐IR spectroscopy, MS‐EI mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. The non‐covalent inclusion complexation of the synthesized compound with a copolymer containing NIPAAM and cyclodextrin methacrylate was investigated by turbidity measurement, dynamic light scattering, and UV–Vis spectrofotometry.magnified image
Endocytosis and Intracellular Distribution of PLGA Particles in Endothelial Cells: Effect of Particle Geometry
Authors: Yoo Jin‐Wook , Doshi Nishit , Mitragotri Samir 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTargeting, internalization, and intracellular trafficking of carriers are key processes in drug delivery to endothelial cells. We synthesized PLGA particles with spherical and elliptical disk geometries and investigated the effect of particle shape on rate of particle endocytosis and their intracellular distribution in endothelial cells. Elliptical disks (aspect ratio of 5) were endocytosed at a slower rate compared to spheres (1.8 µm diameter) of the same volume. However, both particles were eventually internalized and accumulated around the nucleus. We quantified the orientation of elliptical disks and found that disks, on average, oriented tangentially with the nuclear membrane. The non‐spherical geometry of elliptical disks brings unique aspects to the kinetics and equilibrium distribution of these particles in cells.magnified image
Controlling the Optical Properties of Hyperbranched Conjugated Polyazomethines through Terminal‐Backbone Interactions
Authors: Song Liang , Tu Chunlai , Shi Yunfeng , Qiu Feng , He Lin , Jiang Yi , Zhu Qi , Zhu Bangshang , Yan Deyue , Zhu Xinyuan 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA simple approach to tune the optical properties of the hyperbranched conjugated polymers by only adjusting the terminal‐backbone interactions has been reported in this article. Hyperbranched conjugated polyazomethines have been successfully prepared by the reaction of tetramine and dialdehyde. Not only varying the monomer feed ratio to change the quantity of terminal amino groups, but also adopting protonation or complexion with proper dopants (SnCl2 and β‐cyclodextrin), can alter the interactions between amino terminals and imine bonds in the backbone. Correspondingly, the optical properties of the resulting hyperbranched polymers are controlled.magnified image
Diosgenin attenuates inflammatory changes in the interaction between adipocytes and macrophages
Authors: Hirai Shizuka , Uemura Taku , Mizoguchi Noriko , Lee Joo‐Young , Taketani Keiko , Nakano Yuki , Hoshino Shohei , Tsuge Nobuaki , Narukami Toshihiko , Yu Rina , Takahashi Nobuyuki , Kawada Teruo 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObese adipose tissues are characterized by the enhanced infiltration of macrophages. It is considered that the paracrine loop involving monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, tumor necrosis factor‐α, and the free fatty acid between adipocytes and macrophages establishes a vicious cycle that aggravates inflammatory changes and insulin resistance in obese adipose tissues. Diosgenin, a saponin aglycon found in a variety of plants, has anti‐inflammatory properties. In the present study, we examined the effect of diosgenin on the inflammatory changes in the interaction between adipocytes and macrophages. A coculture of 3T3‐L1 adipocytes and RAW 264 macrophages markedly enhanced the production of tumor necrosis factor‐α, monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, and nitric oxide compared with the sum of their single cultures; however, treatment with diosgenin inhibited the production of these proinflammatory mediators. Diosgenin also suppressed the inflammation in RAW 264 macrophages that was induced by the conditioned medium derived from 3T3‐L1 adipocytes. Furthermore, diosgenin inhibited the conditioned medium‐induced degradation of inhibitor κB and the phosphorylation of c‐jun N‐terminal kinase in macrophages. These results indicate that diosgenin exhibits anti‐inflammatory properties in the interaction of adipocytes and macrophages by inhibiting the inflammatory signals in macrophages. Diosgenin may be useful for ameliorating the inflammatory changes in obese adipose tissues.
A comparative study of directivity enhancement of microstrip patch antennas with using three different superstrates
Authors: Mittra Raj , Li Yanfei , Yoo Kyungho 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn this article, we present the results of a comparative study of three different types of superstrates used to enhance the directivity of a microstrip patch antenna. The three superstrates are frequency selective surface (FSS) with dipole elements; a dielectric slab; and a double negative (DNG) slab. We find that microstrip antennas (MPAs) covered either by an FSS or a plain dielectric slab superstrate provide higher directivities than that realized by using a DNG superstrate. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 327–331, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24898
New and accurate synthesis formulas for open supported coplanar waveguides
Authors: Kaya S. , Guney K. , Yildiz C. , Turkmen M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn this article, new and accurate synthesis formulas to compute the physical dimensions of open supported coplanar waveguides (OS‐CPWs) are presented. The synthesis formulas are obtained with the use of differential evolution (DE) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms. They are useful for the computer‐aided design of OS‐CPWs. The average percentage errors of the synthesis formulas obtained by using DE and PSO algorithms are computed to be 1.26% and 1.67%, respectively, for 4560 OS‐CPW samples having different electrical parameters and physical dimensions, as compared with the results of quasi‐static analysis. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 262–269, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24908
Highly linear analog predistortion power amplifier with low memory effects at high drain bias voltage
Authors: Lee Yong‐Sub , Lee Mun‐Woo , Kam Sang‐Ho , Jeong Yoon‐Ha 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn this article, we propose a highly linear analog predistortion power amplifier (PA). To successfully use the analog predistorter, memory effects of the PA are significantly reduced using drain bias circuit with high drain bias voltage as well as widened λ/4 bias line and several decoupling capacitors. For a two‐tone signal and a two‐carrier wideband code division multiple access signal, the analog predistortion PA shows the significant IM3 cancellation and ACLR improvement by delivering low memory effects. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 295–299, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24909
A 2.6‐GHz fully integrated CMOS power amplifier using power‐combining transformer
Authors: Chiou Hwann‐Kaeo , Liao Hsien‐Yuan , Chen Chien‐Chung , Wang Shih‐Ming , Chen Cheng‐Chung 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA 2.6‐GHz power amplifier was implemented with a 0.18 μm RF CMOS process. The matching networks were fully integrated without any external components. To increase the output power, the power combining technique was adopted and realized by a 2:1 on‐chip transformer, which was designed to provide an optimum load for the power cell. The measured efficiency of this power combining transformer is about 75% at 2.6 GHz. The proposed power amplifier exhibits maximum output power of 26.7 dBm with power‐added efficiency of 18.1%. The power gain is 13.6 dB under 3.3 V supply voltage. Moreover, this letter shows good agreement between simulated and measured results. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 299–302, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24910
Well‐conditioned MLFMA for electromagnetic scattering from dielectric objects above a lossy half‐space
Authors: Hu Yun Qin , Ding Dazhi Z. , Fan Z. H. , Chen Ru Shan 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn this article, the electromagnetic analysis of arbitrarily shaped three‐dimensional homogenous dielectric objects located above a lossy half space is considered with a well‐conditioned surface integral equation. The electric‐magnetic current combined‐field integral equation (JMCFIE) is extended to the half‐space situation to realize accurate and fast solution. This formulation can lead to a well‐tested equation system with the RWG basis functions and Galerkin's testing procedure. The multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA) accelerated inner‐outer Flexible Generalized Minimal Residual method (FGMRES) is used for the efficient solution. Numerical results demonstrate the accuracy and high efficiency of this method. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 381–386, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24914
Bandwidth enhancement of open slot antenna with a T‐shaped stub
Authors: Song Kun , Yin Ying‐Zeng , Wu Xiao‐Bo , Zhang Li 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA novel open slot antenna with a T‐shaped stub for bandwidth enhancement is presented. By attaching a T‐shaped stub to the rectangular radiating patch, the bandwidth enhancement of the proposed antenna is achieved well. From experimental results, the measured impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna can reach an operating bandwidth of about 131% over a wideband frequency range from 2.3 to 11.1 GHz, which makes it an excellent candidate for the WLAN (2.4/5 GHz) and UWB (3.1–10.6 GHz) applications. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 390–393, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24929
Novel compact UWB bandpass filter with notched band
Authors: Qi Li , Chang‐Hong Liang , Wei Zhang , Wei‐Feng Xu 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA compact planar microstrip ultra‐wideband (UWB) bandpass filter (BPF) with notched band has been proposed and implemented in this letter for the use in UWB wireless communication applications set by Federal Communications Commission (FCC). Three coupled lines and quarter‐wave short‐circuited shunt stubs are used to realize a high selectivity filtering characteristic. By employing embedding open stubs, the narrow notched band was introduced to reject the undesired wireless local‐area network (WLAN) radio signals. The bandwidth of the notched filter can be controlled by adjusting the width or length of the slot. The proposed component has been designed, simulated, and fabricated for verification. Simulation results are confirmed via experiment, showing good wideband filtering performance with notched band. The measured insertion loss is less than 1.2 dB, the return loss is more than 18 dB, and the variation of group delay is lessthan 0.4 ns throughout the passband except for the notched band. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 280–283, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24934
A compact step recovery diode subnanosecond pulse generator
Authors: Protiva Pavel , Mrkvica Jan , Macháč Jan 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA compact Ultra‐Wideband subnanosecond pulse generator is described in this article. The fundamental part of the generator consists of a step recovery diode (SRD), which works as a waveform edge sharpener. The SRD is included in a compact pulse‐forming network, which is used to form a narrow Gaussian pulse. Theproposed circuit solution utilizes the performance of the SRD effectively with minimal requirements regarding the driver stage of the generator. The measurements show the waveform and power spectrum of the Gaussian pulse that is generated. ©2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 438–440, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience. wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24945