bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of a Predictive Biomarker for Hematologic Toxicities of Gemcitabine
Authors: Matsubara Junichi , Ono Masaya , Negishi Ayako , Ueno Hideki , Okusaka Takuji , Furuse Junji , Furuta Koh , Sugiyama Emiko , Saito Yoshiro , Kaniwa Nahoko , Sawada Junichi , Honda Kazufumi , Sakuma Tomohiro , Chiba Tsutomu , Saijo Nagahiro , Hirohashi Setsuo , Yamada Tesshi 
Published: March 2009

PurposeGemcitabine monotherapy is the current standard for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer, but the occurrence of severe neutropenia and thrombocytopenia can sometimes be life threatening. This study aimed to discover a new diagnostic method for predicting the hematologic toxicities of gemcitabine.Patients and MethodsUsing quantitative mass spectrometry (MS), we compared the baseline plasma proteomes of 25 patients who had developed severe hematologic adverse events (grade 3 to 4 neutropenia and/or grade 2 to 4 thrombocytopenia) within the first two cycles of gemcitabine with those of 22 patients who had not (grade 0).ResultsWe identified 757 peptide peaks whose intensities were significantly different (P < .001, Welch t test) among a total of 60,888. The MS peak with the highest statistical significance (P = .0000282) was revealed to be derived from haptoglobin by tandem MS. A scoring system (nomogram) based on the values of haptoglobin, haptoglobin phenotype, neutrophil count, platelet count, and body-surface area was constructed to estimate the risk of hematologic adverse events (grade 3 to 4 neutropenia and/or grade 2 to 4 thrombocytopenia) with an area under curve value of 0.782 in a cohort of 166 patients with pancreatic cancer. Predictive ability of the system was confirmed in two independent validation cohorts consisting of 87 and 52 patients with area under the curve values of 0.655 and 0.747, respectively.ConclusionAlthough the precise mechanism responsible for the correlation of haptoglobin with the future onset of hematologic toxicities remains to be clarified, our prediction model seems to have high practical utility for tailoring the treatment of patients receiving gemcitabine.
Effect of HPV-Associated p16INK4A Expression on Response to Radiotherapy and Survival in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck
Authors: Lassen Pernille , Eriksen Jesper G. , Hamilton-Dutoit Stephen , Tramm Trine , Alsner Jan , Overgaard Jens 
Published: March 2009

Purpose A subset of head and neck cancers is associated with the human papillomavirus (HPV). Viral infection is closely correlated with expression of p16INK4A in these tumors. We evaluated p16INK4A as a prognostic marker of treatment response and survival in a well-defined and prospectively collected cohort of patients treated solely with conventional radiotherapy in the Danish Head and Neck Cancer Group (DAHANCA) 5 trial. Patients and Methods Immunohistochemical expression of p16INK4A was analyzed in pretreatment paraffin-embedded tumor blocks from 156 patients treated with conventional primary radiotherapy alone. The influence of p16INK4A status on locoregional tumor control, disease-specific survival, and overall survival after radiotherapy was evaluated. Results p16INK4A positivity was found in 35 tumors (22%). Tumor-positivity for p16INK4A was significantly correlated with improved locoregional tumor control (5-year actuarial values 58% v 28%; P = .0005), improved disease-specific survival (72% v 34%; P = .0006), and improved overall survival (62% v 26%; P = .0003). In multivariate analysis, p16INK4A remained a strong independent prognostic factor for locoregional failure (hazard ratio [HR], 0.35; 95% CI, 0.19 to 0.64), disease-specific death (HR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.20 to 0.64), and overall death (HR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.28 to 0.68). Conclusion Expression of p16INK4A has a major impact on treatment response and survival in patients with head and neck cancer treated with conventional radiotherapy.
Parental mental health and child development from six to thirty-six months in a birth cohort study in Taiwan
Authors: Lung For-Wey , Chiang Tung-Liang , Lin Shio-Jean , Shu Bih-Ching 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
This study investigated the reciprocity between parental mental health and the different stages of child development at 6, 18, and 36 months. As the pilot of a birth cohort study, this study comprised 2048 children and their parents who were randomly selected and invited to participate. The development of these children and the mental health of their parents were followed at 6, 18, and 36 months postpartum. Child development was assessed using the Taiwan Birth Cohort Study instrument, and parental health was assessed using the Taiwanese version of the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey. Complete responses for all three stages were received from 844 families. Our results showed that parental mental health had a direct effect on language and social development; however, this effect did not become significant until 36 months. The reciprocity between child development and parental mental health and proper intervention are vital.
Das Ich im Fachtext: Selbstnennung und Selbstdarstellung in wissenschaftlichen Zeitschriftenaufsätzen zur Ökologie in deutscher, englischer und spanischer Sprache
Authors: Resinger Hildegard 
Published: March 2009

KurzzusammenfassungNaturwissenschaftliche Fachaufsätze gelten im Allgemeinen als stark entpersönlichte Texte, in denen es fast ausschließlich um eine möglichst objektive und wertungsfreie Wiedergabe von Forschungsergebnissen geht; Autor oder Autorin treten zugunsten ihrer Daten in den Hintergrund. Da wissenschaftliches Arbeiten aber auch Verantwortung gegenüber der Gesellschaft mit einschließt, soll in diesem Artikel bewusst versucht werden, in Umkehrung der genannten Prämisse den individuellen „Fingerabdrücken“ der Selbstnennung und Selbstdarstellung in diesen Texten nachzuspüren. Zu diesem Zweck wird ein dreisprachiges Volltext-Korpus ökologischer Fachaufsätze mit einer Gesamtzahl von etwa 135.000 Wörtern auf spezifische Elemente hin analysiert und kontrastiv ausgewertet.
Effect of Specimen Type on Reduction-of-Area Measurements
Authors: Holt JM 
Published: March 2009

Because the susceptibility of plate material to lamellar tearing is believed to be related to the amount of reduction of area measured by a tension test specimen oriented in the through-thickness (Z) direction, tests were conducted to determine the influence of specimen dimensions on the tensile properties of ASTM A36, A588, and A514 Grade F steels for the two types of specimens commonly used for testing in the Z-direction. The first is the standard specimen with the length of the reduced section shortened so that the overall length of the specimen is equal to the thickness of the plate (stub specimen). The second is the standard specimen machined from a blank that has been prepared by welding prolongations to the plate surfaces so that the plate forms a full-plate-thickness insert at the midlength of the specimen (tab specimen). Because the intent was to compare only the trends in the changes of the tensile strength values and the reduction-of-area values for the different specimens, and because variability obtained in the longitudinal direction is less than that obtained in the through-thickness direction, the specimens were oriented in the longitudinal direction of the plate.
The results indicated a significant decrease in the reduction of area and a significant increase in the tensile strength of both types of specimens as the thickness of the insert or the length of the reduced section is decreased to less than two specimen diameters. These trends are due to constraint in plastic flow caused by the higher strength of the weld area of the tab specimens or by the shoulders of the stub specimens.
A Comparison of Short Transverse Tension Test Methods
Authors: Reed DN , Smith RP , Strattan JK , Swift RA 
Published: March 2009

There are several methods presently being used to measure the short transverse tensile properties of light gage (&lt;50 mm) steel plate. The methods can be divided into two categories: miniature specimens machined from the plate and short transverse specimens with welded prolongations. Both test methods give reliable information about the material. Recently, however, the use of the miniature specimen has been questioned because the surfaces of the plates are not tested. Since one purpose of the short transverse test is to assess susceptibility to lamellar tearing, this is a valid criticism. On the other hand, the welded prolongations, while testing the plate from surface to surface, have fusion zones and heat-affected zones present that may affect the testing of the plate surfaces. Proponents of both test methods argue the benefits of each test and are convinced theirs is the more accurate.
This study presents comparisons of both test methods. The results show the advantages of each method as well as its limitations. The miniature specimen is ideally suited for light gage plates since the button ends are only 3 mm thick. The disruption in microstructure due to welding can be greater than 3 mm, thereby affecting test results, and these specimens are better suited for short transverse tests.
Another advantage of the miniature specimen is the ability to test specific regions of a plate such as surface, quarterline, or centerline, through positioning of the specimen. Data show the value of this approach, particularly when highly stressed weld joints are to be made on the surface of plates.
It is concluded that the miniature specimen provides valuable test data unobtainable from the welded specimen. Generally, both tests give comparable results. There are optimum gage ranges for each type of specimen.
Factors Affecting Variability in Through-Thickness Reduction-of-Area Measurements
Authors: Ludwigson DC 
Published: March 2009

Plate steels are frequently subjected to through-thickness tension tests to assess their susceptibility to lamellar tearing. In the use of test data, however, the technologist is often hindered by a large variability in measured through-thickness reduction-of-area (TTRA) values. In particular, a group of reduction-of-area values from through-thickness specimens may exhibit a standard deviation 5 to I0 times that exhibited by a group from adjacent planar specimens. The technologist must either accept an inability to discern small differences in test results or increase the number of specimens in replicate tests.
Accordingly, an analysis was made of standard deviation values obtained in through-thickness tension testing of plate. In particular, six coupons were taken from each of 108 samples of various plate steels. Prolongs were stud-welded to both surfaces of each coupon, and 12.83-mm (0.500-in.)-diameter by 127-mm (5-in.)-long tension test specimens were strained to failure in a universal testing machine at a crosshead-separation speed of 0.1 mm/s (1∕4 in./min). Reduction of area was measured for each specimen and for each group of six specimens representing a sample, a mean value and a standard deviation value were calculated.
Regression analysis of the data produced the model
standard deviation, % = 4.614 + 1.136 (plate thickness, in.) - 0.004778 (TTRA% - 38)2
Variability among test results increased with increasing plate thickness and decreased as the mean TTRA value departed in either direction from 38 percent.
The overall standard deviation in TTRA values observed was about 5.1 percentage points. This figure indicates that mean TTRA values resulting from sextuplicate tests must differ by more than about 6.5 percentage points to be judged statistically different at the 97.5 percent confidence level. More tests would be required if finer discrimination were desired; fewer tests could be tolerated if lack of certainty about differences in TTRA values greater than 6.5 percentage points were tolerable.
Stud Welding of Prolongations to Plate for Through-Thickness Tension Test Specimens
Authors: Domis WF 
Published: March 2009

The usual method of preparing specimens for through-thickness tension tests is to weld extensions (prolongations) to the plate by shielded metal-arc, electronbeam, or friction welding and to machine ASTM standard round tension specimens from these weldments. All three methods have disadvantages. Shielded metal-arc welding is time-consuming because small electrodes must be used and the sample must cool between weld passes to minimize the size of the heat-affected zone. The equipment for friction and electron-beam welding is relatively expensive. Consequently, a rapid and low-cost stud-welding method has been developed for attaching prolongations to plate coupons to produce weldments from which tension specimens up to 12.8 mm (0.505 in.) in diameter can be prepared.
A portable stud-welding gun, mounted in a drill press to ensure axial alignment, is being used for welding studs to plate to produce weldments suitable for through-thickness testing. Welds have been made successfully on A36, A588, A514, A516, A537, and A633 steel plates, and through-thickness tension specimens machined from these weldments have been tested with a stud- or weld-failure rate of less than 2 percent. A stud fabricated from AISI 8620 steel bar and quenched and tempered to a minimum hardness of 30 Rockwell C appears to be suitable for through-thickness testing of plate products having strength levels up to and including that of A514 steel. Data show that this procedure is suitable for determining through-thickness reduction-of-area values for plate of about 25.4-mm (l-in.) thickness or more.
Test results indicated that the strength level of studs does not have a significant effect on the tensile properties of the test plate (provided that the strength of the stud is greater than that of the test plate).
Dependence of Through-Thickness Ductility on Location in Plate Length, Width, and Thickness
Authors: Ludwigson DC 
Published: March 2009

Substantial differences in the variation of through-thickness ductility with location in plate length, width, and thickness have been observed. Some rareearth-treated steel plates made for lamellar-tearing-resistant applications exhibit large variations in ductility with location, whereas other plates are much more uniform. Data are given to illustrate both patterns of behavior.
When variation is encountered, the poorest ductility is found in that portion of the plate that represents the bottom/midwidth/midthickness of the ingot. Rare-earth-oxysulfide inclusions tend to cluster and segregate to that location and reduce ductility there. If such inclusions are sufficiently prevalent, the consequent variation in ductility can be substantial. If inclusion prevalence is very low, however, good uniformity of properties is observed.
Some Effects of Specimen Design, Sample Location, and Material Strength on Through-Thickness Tensile Properties
Authors: Jesseman RJ , Murphy GJ 
Published: March 2009

The percent reduction of area for tension specimens made in the through-thickness direction of plates (%RAZ) is often determined to give a relative measure of the resistance to lamellar tearing. Testing variables can affect the %RAZ measured. Results are presented of investigations designed to examine some effects of (1) tension specimen design, (2) specimen location relative to the original ingot, (3) steel microstructure, (4) material strength level, (5) specimen-to-specimen variability, and (6) final diameter measurement reproducibility. Tension specimens in the Z-direction with an 8.9 mm (0.350 in.) diameter and 50.8 to 63.5 mm (2 to 21∕2 in.) parallel section gave the highest average %RAZ and smallest variability. Specimen location had a very marked effect on the %RAZ, with the lowest values found along the ingot centerline and highest levels at the ingot corners and edges. Normalized ASTM A537 Class 1 steel gave higher %RAZ than when quenched and tempered to nearly the same ultimate tensile strength. Material strength level varied by changing the tempering temperature after quenching had only a small effect on the %RAZ. Considerable specimen-to-specimen variability in the %RAZ can exist even within a small area of a plate and reduce the significance of a single specimen result. Final specimen diameters can be difficult to measure and reproducibility of the %RAZ calculated by different testing personnel for an individual specimen is sometimes poor.
Results indicate that specifications covering the through-thickness tension testing of roiled steel plates should reference the test location to the original as-cast ingot or slab if the region of lowest %RAZ is to be reported. Specifications need to address the problem of specimen-to-specimen variability and %RAZ reproducibility when determining the number of specimens to be tested and establishing acceptance criteria.
Effect of the Brittle-Bead Welding Conditions on the Nil-Ductility Transition Temperature
Authors: Ando Y , Ogura N , Susukida H , Satoh M , Tanaka Y , Ando E 
Published: March 2009

The drop-weight test plays an important role in determining the reference nil-ductility transition temperature (RTNDT), which indicates the fracture toughness characteristics of ferritic steels in the design of nuclear power plant components. In recent years, however, it has been shown by various papers that the nil-ductility transition temperature (NDTT) obtained by this test depends on such parameters as the welding conditions of the crack-starter bead, notch location, and other factors.
In this paper, the authors have investigated the scattering of NDTT and discuss the necessity of revising Japan Electric Association Code 4202, The Method of Drop-Weight Testing of Ferritic Steels, under the auspices of the Japan Electric Association; this standard refers to the practical welding conditions employed by many research organizations in Japan.
From the results of this study on the effects of such parameters as the welding current, preheating, interpass temperature, shape of bead, welding speed, and notch location on NDTT, the authors conclude that the most influential factor to be determined for prevention of wide scattering of NDTT is the welding current. Based upon these results, standard JEAC 4202 was revised on 20 March 1984.
Effect of Crack-Starter Bead Application on the Drop-Weight NDT Temperature
Authors: Onodera S , Ohnishi K , Tsukada H , Suzuki K , Iwadate T , Tanaka Y 
Published: March 2009

The present paper summarizes several findings in relation to the effect of bead application on the nil-ductility transition (NDT) temperature (NDTT) of drop-weight test specimens.
A series of tests simulating the heat-affected zone (HAZ) under the bead have proved that the overlap of the bead placing in standard specimens exerts a quench and temper effect on the specimen material and produces high toughness values in the HAZ. This HAZ works as a barrier against crack propagation and causes the NDTT to be lower.
It was also found that the toughness of the HAZ depends on the welding conditions, the configuration of the overlapping of the two-pass beads, and the chemical composition of the material.
Further, some embrittled materials were deembrittled by the thermal effect of the welded beads. This problem is specific to temper-embrittled material, and the bead application results in a lower apparent NDTT.
The above-mentioned phenomena are intrinsic to low-alloy and alloy steels. Since the drop-weight test was originally applied to carbon steels, the test method should be reevaluated based on the new findings.
Effect of Post Buckling on the Fatigue of Composite Structures
Authors: Rhodes JE 
Published: March 2009

This paper discusses the physics involved in shear and compression post buckling and compares their forced displacement forms. First level, simplified mathematical treatise are presented. The more complex rigorous mathematics are avoided, with emphasis being placed on the qualitative aspects. The objective is to contribute to a fundamental understanding of post-buckling behavior that will help establish practical design limits.
It is shown that the surface strains and substructure separation forces can be assessed, with reasonable accuracy, once the displacement shapes are established. Test panel deflections and strain measurements are compared with predicted values. Static and fatigue test results on panels subject to loadings in the post-buckled range are presented.
Bolt Hole Growth in Graphite-Epoxy Laminates for Clearance and Interference Fits When Subjected to Fatigue Loads
Authors: Kam CY 
Published: March 2009

This paper presents the results of an experimental program that was conducted to evaluate the damage to the bolt hole as related to the fit of the bolt to the hole in the graphite-epoxy laminate when the joint is subjected to a fatigue load spectrum. The experimental program was conducted using a double-lap bolted-joint test specimen. Three types of bolt fit were used in the experiment: interference fit, clearance fit, and clearance fit with wet sealant. The bolts were torqued to values representing standard installation torque. The graphite-epoxy laminate used for the test specimens was pseudoisotropic laminate of (0/90, ±45)4S. The prepreg was T300/5208 and the laminate was cured in the standard Narmco 5208 cure cycle.
The test program consisted of applying cyclic loadings to produce bearing stress levels of 397 × 106 N/m2 (+57 600 psi) for 50 000, 100 000, 200 000, and 500 000 cycles. The bolted specimens were disassembled and the bolt hold diameters measured for hole growth. Preliminary results indicated that hole growth will occur when the bearing stresses are above 50 000 psi. Bolts installed in clearance holes with the PR1422 sealant had the same hole growth as bolts installed without the sealant.
Establishment of Biotic Communities Within a Newly Constructed Ash Settling Basin and Its Drainage System
Authors: Guthrie RK , Cherry DS , Davis EM , Murray HE 
Published: March 2009

A newly constructed coal-ash settling basin and its drainage system at the 400D area power plant of the Savannah River Project, in Aiken, S.C., were studied from April 1977 to December 1978. The basin was filled in August 1977 by a flow of 7500 litres/min that consisted of Savannah River water and coal ash. The effluent was released to an excavated canal approximately 300 m in length, which drained into an older stream (300 m long) and then into a 3-km2 swamp area that had received effluent from a previous ash settling basin. Between March and August 1977, the stream and swamp received only runoff from rainfall. During this time, when no basin effluent was released to the stream and swamp, the water quality characteristics were altered, and aquatic biota were reduced throughout the system.
The water quality characteristics were tested in the new ash settling system approximately every two months between April 1977 and December 1978. Samples were collected to determine the aerobic bacterial, phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthic invertebrate, and vertebrate populations at five stations in the basin system and one in the Savannah River at the pump station.
During the period of study, there were no major changes in water quality characteristics within the new basin. Seasonal peaks occurred in the bacterial populations in warmer months, and the composition of those populations within the basin system was determined to be different from that in the Savannah River. Sparse planktonic populations within the basin increased in numbers and diversity as the basin stabilized. Benthic invertebrates were first collected in the new basin in December 1977 and then increased in density and diversity at each subsequent sampling. Tadpoles were first collected in the basin in April 1978, and mosquito fish were first collected in May 1978.
Data obtained indicate that an efficient settling basin for coal ash has provided a suitable habitat for varied aquatic biotic communities, although some characteristics of the effluent have affected the normal balance and stability of communities within this environment. Such findings are important in that the suitability of receiving water habitats to aquatic life should be little affected by the release of effluent from such a basin.