bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing academic and community‐based hospitalists
Authors: Malkenson David , Siegal Eric M. , Leff Jared A. , Weber Rachel , Struck Rhonda 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn 2006, hospitalist programs were formally introduced at both an academic and community hospital in the same city providing an opportunity to study the similarities and differences in workflows in these two settings. The data were collected using a time‐flow methodology allowing the two workflows to be compared quantitatively. The results showed that the hospitalists in the two settings devoted similar proportions of their workday to the task categories studied. Most of the time was spent providing indirect patient care followed by direct patient care, travel, personal, and other. However, after adjusting for patient volumes, the data revealed that academic hospitalists spent significantly more time per patient providing indirect patient care (Academic: 54.7 ± 11.1 min/patient, Community: 41.9 ± 9.8 min/patient, p < 0.001). Additionally, we found that nearly half of the hospitalists' time at both settings was spent multitasking. Although we found subtle workflow differences between the academic and community programs, their similarities were more striking as well as greater than their differences. We attribute these small differences to the higher case mix index at the academic program as well greater complexity and additional communication hand‐offs inherent to a tertiary academic medical center. It appears that hospitalists, irrespective of their work environment, spend far more time documenting, communicating and coordinating care than they do at the bedside raising the question, is this is a necessary feature of the hospitalist care model or should hospitalists restructure their workflow to improve outcomes? Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010;5:349–352. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Complex mixture analysis of organic compounds in green coffee bean extract by two‐dimensional NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Wei Feifei , Furihata Kazuo , Hu Fangyu , Miyakawa Takuya , Tanokura Masaru 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA complex mixture analysis by one‐ and two‐dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was carried out for the first time for the identification and quantification of organic compounds in green coffee bean extract (GCBE). A combination of 1H1H DQF‐COSY, 1H13C HSQC, and 1H13C CT‐HMBC two‐dimensional sequences was used, and 16 compounds were identified. In particular, three isomers of caffeoylquinic acid were identified in the complex mixture without any separation. In addition, GCBE components were quantified by the integration of carbon signals by use of a relaxation reagent and an inverse‐gated decoupling method without a nuclear Overhauser effect. This NMR methodology provides detailed information about the kinds and amounts of GCBE components, and in our study, the chemical makeup of GCBE was clarified by the NMR results. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synchronous acquisition of hyperpolarised 3He and 1H MR images of the lungs – maximising mutual anatomical and functional information
Authors: Wild Jim M. , Ajraoui Salma , Deppe Martin H. , Parnell Steven R. , Marshall Helen , Parra‐Robles Juan , Ireland Rob H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe development of hybrid medical imaging scanners has allowed imaging with different detection modalities at the same time, providing different anatomical and functional information within the same physiological time course with the patient in the same position. Until now, the acquisition of proton MRI of lung anatomy and hyperpolarised gas MRI of lung function required separate breath‐hold examinations, meaning that the images were not spatially registered or temporally synchronised. We demonstrate the spatially registered concurrent acquisition of lung images from two different nuclei in vivo. The temporal and spatial registration of these images is demonstrated by a high degree of mutual consistency that is impossible to achieve in separate scans and breath holds. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MRI of stroke using hyperpolarized 129Xe
Authors: Zhou Xin , Sun Yanping , Mazzanti Mary , Henninger Nils , Mansour Joey , Fisher Marc , Albert Mitchell 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBecause there is no background signal from xenon in biological tissue, and because inhaled xenon is delivered to the brain by blood flow, we would expect a perfusion deficit, such as is seen in stroke, to reduce the xenon concentration in the region of the deficit. Thermal polarization yields negligible xenon signal relative to hyperpolarized xenon; therefore, hyperpolarized xenon can be used as a tracer of cerebral blood flow. Using a rat permanent right middle cerebral artery occlusion model, we demonstrated that hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI is able to detect, in vivo, the hypoperfused area of focal cerebral ischemia, that is the ischemic core area of stroke. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI has been used to explore normal and abnormal cerebral perfusion. Our study shows a novel application of hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI for imaging stroke, and further demonstrates its capacity to serve as a complementary tool to proton MRI for the study of the pathophysiology during brain hypoperfusion. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MRI of retinal and choroidal blood flow with laminar resolution
Authors: Muir Eric R. , Duong Timothy Q. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe retina is nourished by two distinct circulations: the retinal vessels within the inner retina and the choroidal vessels behind the neural retina. The outer nuclear layer and the inner and outer segments of the photoreceptors in between are avascular. The aim of this study was to determine whether arterial spin labeling MRI could provide sufficient resolution to differentiate between quantitative retinal blood flow (rBF) and choroidal blood flow (chBF), and whether this technique is sufficiently sensitive to detect vascular‐specific blood flow (BF) changes modulated by anesthetics. Arterial spin labeling MRI was performed at 42 × 42 × 400 µm3 in the mouse retina at 7 T, and was used to investigate the effects of isoflurane and ketamine/xylazine anesthesia on rBF and chBF. MRI yielded unambiguous differentiation of rBF, chBF and the avascular layer in between. Under isoflurane, chBF was 7.7 ± 2.1 mL/g/min and rBF was 1.3 ± 0.44 mL/g/min (mean ± SD, n = 7, p < 0.01). Under ketamine/xylazine anesthesia in the same animals, chBF was 4.3 ± 1.9 mL/g/min and rBF was 0.88 ± 0.22 mL/g/min (p < 0.01). Under ketamine/xylazine anesthesia, rBF was lower by 29% (P < 0.01) and chBF by 42% (P < 0.01) relative to isoflurane. This study demonstrates, for the first time, the quantitative imaging of rBF and chBF in vivo, providing a new method to study basal values and alterations of rBF and chBF. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The photoinduced reaction of 2‐iodothiophene in solutions of n‐heptane, dichloromethane and methanol
Authors: Herrera O. S. , Nieto J. D. , Olleta A. C. , Lane S. I. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe photoinduced reaction of 2‐iodothiophene in n‐heptane, dichloromethane and methanol was studied at room temperature from experiments carried out with degassed solutions. The photoproducts of the reaction were mainly thiophene and small amounts of iodine in all three solvents used. The concentration of 2‐iodothiophene decreases throughout photolysis, following a first‐order rate law and the pseudo‐first‐order rate constants were determined in the three solvents used. The photochemistry of the system was quantified determining the quantum yields of 2‐iodothiophene consumption and thiophene formation in n‐heptane solutions. The results show that under the experimental conditions of this research, products deriving only from the reaction of the thienyl radical were observed. To support the experimental results, calculations were performed of the ionization potential of the thienyl radical, electron affinity of the iodine atom and free energy of solvation of the corresponding iodide and carbocation in the different solvents used. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Feasibility study of a randomized controlled trial of a telephone‐delivered problem‐solving–occupational therapy intervention to reduce participation restrictions in rural breast cancer survivors undergoing chemotherapy
Authors: Hegel Mark T. , Lyons Kathleen D. , Hull Jay G. , Kaufman Peter , Urquhart Laura , Li Zhongze , Ahles Tim A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjective: Breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy often experience functional effects of treatment that limit participation in life activities. The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility of conducting a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of a novel intervention for these restrictions, determine acceptability of the intervention, and preliminarily assess its effects.Methods: A pilot RCT of a telephone‐delivered Problem‐solving and Occupational Therapy intervention (PST‐OT) to improve participation restrictions in rural breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Thirty‐one participants with Stages 1–3 breast cancer were randomized to 6 weekly sessions of PST‐OT (n= 15) and usual care (n= 16). The primary study outcome was the feasibility of conducting the trial. Secondary outcomes were functional, quality of life and emotional status as assessed at baseline, 6 and 12 weeks.Results: Of 46 patients referred 31 were enrolled (67% recruitment rate), of which 6 participants withdrew (81% retention rate). Twenty‐four participants completed all study‐related assessments (77%). Ninety‐two percent of PST‐OT participants were highly satisfied with the intervention, and 92% reported PST‐OT to be helpful/very helpful for overcoming participation restrictions. Ninety‐seven percent of planned PST‐OT treatment sessions were completed. Completion rates for PST‐OT homework tasks were high. Measures of functioning, quality of life, and emotional state favored the PST‐OT condition.Conclusion: This pilot study suggests that an RCT of the PST‐OT intervention is feasible to conduct with rural breast cancer patients undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy and that PST‐OT may have positive effects on function, quality of life, and emotional state. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fatigue and its correlates in cancer patients who had returned to work—a cohort study
Authors: Taskila T. , de Boer A. G. E. M. , van Dijk F. J. H. , Verbeek J. H. A. M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectives: Fatigue and other symptoms in cancer patients often interfere with social and occupational activities. Only a few studies, however, have examined relationship between fatigue and work‐related outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate which disease‐related factors (treatment, diagnosis, cognitive dysfunction, depression, pain, and sleep disturbance) and work‐related factors (work‐load, work pressure, relationship to supervisor and colleagues, size of the company, and workplace accommodations) were related to fatigue in employed cancer survivors.Methods: Data was collected by questionnaire at 6 months (baseline) and 18 months (end of the follow‐up) after cancer diagnosis from 135 people with different types of cancer who had returned to work at follow‐up. Fatigue was measured with a four‐item sub‐scale of MFI. Scores ranged from 4 to 20, with higher scores indicating more fatigue.Results: The mean rate of general fatigue was 11.9 at baseline decreasing to 10.4 at the end of the follow‐up (p<0.0001). At 6 months, higher work pressure (p = 0.02), physical workload (p<0.05) and less workplace accommodations (p = 0.03) were related to higher levels of fatigue. From disease‐related factors, depression was associated with fatigue (p<0.0001) at baseline. Lack of workplace accommodations was the only factor affecting higher levels of fatigue at 18 months (p<0.001) and was also related to higher levels of depression at 6 months (p = 0.02) and at 18 months (p<0.001).Conclusions: Lack of workplace accommodations was significantly related to fatigue at the end of the follow‐up, which suggests that accommodations for illness can help to reduce fatigue and depression. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monitoring the allyl ester deprotection by HR MAS NMR in BAL‐solid phase peptide synthesis
Authors: Duchène T. , Mihai C. , Willem R. , Tourwé D. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe backbone amide linker strategy, in which the growing peptide chain is anchored to a solid support via a backbone amide nitrogen, has proven to be successful for the synthesis of cyclic peptides. Optimisation of the reaction conditions for the synthesis of c(Gly‐Trp‐βAla‐Phe) could be accomplished by the help of high resolution magic angle spinning (HR MAS) NMR and the results are presented here. Signal vanishing of HR MAS NMR resonances were encountered and proven to be originated from interchain aggregations of peptide chains. Copyright © 2010 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theoretical phonon dispersion of armchair and metallic zigzag carbon nanotubes beyond the adiabatic approximation
Authors: Popov Valentin N. , Lambin Philippe 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe dynamic corrections to the phonon dispersion of armchair and metallic zigzag carbon nanotubes are studied systematically within a non‐orthogonal tight‐binding model. These corrections were found to be important in the vicinity of the Kohn anomaly of the phonon dispersion at two points of the Brillouin zone. The first point is the zone‐centre and the dynamic corrections are large for the longitudinal optical phonons, which give rise to the G−‐band in the Raman spectra. The obtained frequencies of these phonons for a large number of metallic nanotubes are in good agreement with previous estimations and available experimental data. The second point is inside the zone for armchair nanotubes and at the zone centre for zigzag nanotubes. In this case, the dynamic effects are also studied and discussed in view of their importance for modelling of double‐resonance scattering processes.
Electron spin resonance investigation of undoped and Li‐doped CdWO4 scintillator crystals
Authors: Buryi M. , Laguta V. V. , Hybler J. , Nikl M. , Rosa J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractElectron spin resonance spectra were studied in the nominally pure and 0.05% Li‐doped single crystals of CdWO4. The measurements revealed the presence of Fe3+ ions in the undoped crystal and Mn2+ ions in the Li‐doped crystal with concentrations of about 20–70 ppm. The zero‐field splitting parameters are determined with a high precision for both accidental impurities: (i) Fe3+: $b_{2}^{0} = {-} 0.7567(10)\;{\rm cm}^{{-} 1} $, $b_{2}^{2} = 0.3150(10)\;{\rm cm}^{{-} 1} $ and (ii) Mn2+: $b_{2}^{0} = {-} 0.1799(10)\;{\rm cm}^{{-} 1} $, $b_{2}^{2} = 0.1445(20)\;{\rm cm}^{{-} 1} $. They are in a good agreement with the early data for Mn2+ [R.E. Donovan and A.A. Vuylsteke, Phys. Rev. 127, 76 (1962)] but differ by about 5% in the case of Fe3+ [Z. Šroubek and K. Ždansky, Czech. J. Phys. B 12, 784 (1962)]. We have found that the Li+ doping essentially influences the charge balance in the lattice. The results suggest that the Li doping restores the ionic charges of iron and manganese to 2+, conventional for CdWO4 lattice, diminishing thus their participiation in photoinduced processes.
Growth and coalescence behavior of semipolar $(11{\bar {2}}2)$ GaN on pre‐structured r‐plane sapphire substrates
Authors: Schwaiger Stephan , Metzner Sebastian , Wunderer Thomas , Argut Ilona , Thalmair Johannes , Lipski Frank , Wieneke Matthias , Bläsing Jürgen , Bertram Frank , Zweck Josef , Krost Alois , Christen Jürgen , Scholz Ferdinand 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSemipolar $(11{\bar {2}}2)$ oriented GaN has been grown on a pre‐structured r‐plane sapphire substrate. By using silicon doped marker layers (MLs) we have been able to monitor the growth evolution of the stripes until coalescence. With that technique we correlated the growth type (direction) with the results of cathodoluminescence (CL) and transmission electron microscopy. Both characterization methods show only a few defects for the major part of the structure and a relatively high defect density for material grown in a‐direction at one side of the stripes. It is shown that during coalescence these defects are mainly terminated resulting in a flat, planar $(11{\bar {2}}2)$ GaN layer with strongly reduced defect density. Additionally, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) measurements show the high quality of these layers.
Determination of cystathionine beta‐synthase activity in human plasma by LC‐MS/MS: potential use in diagnosis of CBS deficiency
Authors: Krijt Jakub , Kopecká Jana , Hnízda Aleš , Moat Stuart , Kluijtmans Leo A. J. , Mayne Philip , Kožich Viktor 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCystathionine β‐synthase (CBS) deficiency is usually confirmed by assaying the enzyme activity in cultured skin fibroblasts. We investigated whether CBS is present in human plasma and whether determination of its activity in plasma could be used for diagnostic purposes. We developed an assay to measure CBS activity in 20 μL of plasma using a stable isotope substrate – 2,3,3‐2H serine. The activity was determined by measurement of the product of enzyme reaction, 3,3‐2H‐cystathionine, using LC‐MS/MS. The median enzyme activity in control plasma samples was 404 nmol/h/L (range 66–1,066; n = 57). In pyridoxine nonresponsive CBS deficient patients, the median plasma activity was 0 nmol/ho/L (range 0–9; n = 26), while in pyridoxine responsive patients the median activity was 16 nmol/hour/L (range 0–358; n = 28); this overlapped with the enzyme activity from control subject. The presence of CBS in human plasma was confirmed by an in silico search of the proteome database, and was further evidenced by the activation of CBS by S‐adenosyl‐L‐methionine and pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate, and by configuration of the detected reaction product, 3,3‐2H‐cystathionine, which was in agreement with the previously observed CBS reaction mechanism. We hypothesize that the CBS enzyme in plasma originates from liver cells, as the plasma CBS activities in patients with elevated liver aminotransferase activities were more than 30‐fold increased. In this study, we have demonstrated that CBS is present in human plasma and that its catalytic activity is detectable by LC‐MS/MS. CBS assay in human plasma brings new possibilities in the diagnosis of pyridoxine nonresponsive CBS deficiency.
Effects ofLactobacillus acidophilusNCFM on insulin sensitivity and the systemic inflammatory response in human subjects
Authors: Andreasen Anne Sofie , Larsen Nadja , Pedersen-Skovsgaard Theis , Berg Ronan M. G. , Møller Kirsten , Svendsen Kira Dynnes , Jakobsen Mogens , Pedersen Bente Klarlund 
Published: September 2010

According to animal studies, intake of probiotic bacteria may improve glucose homeostasis. We hypothesised that probiotic bacteria improve insulin sensitivity by attenuating systemic inflammation. Therefore, the effects of oral supplementation with the probiotic bacteriumLactobacillus acidophilusNCFM on insulin sensitivity and the inflammatory response were investigated in subjects with normal or impaired insulin sensitivity. In a double-blinded, randomised fashion, forty-five males with type 2 diabetes, impaired or normal glucose tolerance were enrolled and allocated to a 4-week treatment course with eitherL. acidophilusNCFM or placebo.L. acidophiluswas detected in stool samples by denaturating gradient gel electrophoresis and real-time PCR. Separated by the 4-week intervention period, two hyperinsulinaemic–euglycaemic clamps were performed to estimate insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, the systemic inflammatory response was evaluated by subjecting the participants toEscherichia colilipopolysaccharide injection (0·3 ng/kg) before and after the treatment course.L. acidophilusNCFM was detected in 75 % of the faecal samples after treatment with the probiotic bacterium. Insulin sensitivity was preserved among volunteers in theL. acidophilusNCFM group, whereas it decreased in the placebo group. Both baseline inflammatory markers and the systemic inflammatory response were, however, unaffected by the intervention. In conclusion, intake ofL. acidophilusNCFM for 4 weeks preserved insulin sensitivity compared with placebo, but did not affect the systemic inflammatory response.
Liver fat in obesity: role of type 2 diabetes mellitus and adipose tissue distribution
Authors: Bozzetto Lutgarda , Prinster Anna , Mancini Marcello , Giacco Rosalba , De Natale Claudia , Salvatore Marco , Riccardi Gabriele , Rivellese Angela A. , Annuzzi Giovanni 
Published: September 2010

Eur J Clin Invest 2010; 41 (1): 39–44AbstractBackground  Fatty liver is commonly associated with insulin‐resistant conditions, often related to increased abdominal visceral fat. Our objective was to elucidate the specific roles of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin‐resistance and abdominal fat distribution.Materials and methods  The study population comprised 13 diabetic obese (DO), 10 nondiabetic obese (NDO), and nine normal‐weight control (C) men aged 28–65 years, with normal plasma triglyceride levels. DO were in good glycaemic control (HbA1c = 6·8 ± 0·8%) (M ± SD) with diet (n = 8) or diet + metformin (n = 5). Liver fat content was measured by 1H‐magnetic resonance spectroscopy, abdominal fat distribution by magnetic resonance imaging and insulin sensitivity by hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp.Results  DO and NDO subjects had similar whole‐body insulin resistance, BMI and waist circumference, higher than those of C subjects (P < 0·001). DO had more liver fat (11·9 ± 7·0%) than NDO (5·2 ± 2·8%, P < 0·05) and C (1·6 ± 1·0%, P < 0·001). Abdominal fat was greater in DO and NDO than in C (visceral: DO 3184 ± 843, NDO 2843 ± 1378 vs. C 1212 ± 587 cm3, P < 0·001; subcutaneous: DO 4029 ± 362, NDO 5197 ± 1398 vs. C 2312 ± 626 cm3, P < 0·001), visceral fat being not significantly different between the two obese groups, and subcutaneous fat significantly less in DO than in NDO (P < 0·05).Conclusions  Type 2 diabetes is associated with increased fat accumulation in the liver, independent of obesity and whole‐body insulin resistance. The increased liver fat in DO patients may be part of an altered regional fat distribution that includes an inadequate subcutaneous fat storing capacity, rather than simply being a consequence of increased abdominal visceral content.
Transcription factors BmPOUM2 and BmβFTZ‐F1 are involved in regulation of the expression of the wing cuticle protein gene BmWCP4 in the silkworm, Bombyx mori
Authors: Deng H. , Zheng S. , Yang X. , Liu L. , Feng Q. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn Bombyx mori, the wing cuticle protein gene BmWCP4 is expressed specifically in the epidermis at the onset and mid‐stage of pupation and is responsible for the formation of the pupal cuticle during the larval–pupal metamorphosis. The gene consists of four exons and three introns and is present as a single copy in the genome. Its expression was up‐regulated by 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E) and the 20E‐induced expression was suppressed by juvenile hormone (JH) III. The upstream regulatory sequence region of the BmWCP4 gene was cloned and the regulatory elements responsible for 20E induction were identified. Two cis‐regulatory elements (CREs) bound by the transcription factors BmPOUM2 and BmβFTZ‐F1 were identified that mediated 20E‐regulated expression of this gene. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay detected two nuclear proteins isolated from the epidermis and the BmN cell line that specifically bound to the POU and βFTZ‐F1 CREs, respectively. BmPOUM2 recombinant protein explicitly bound to the POU CRE. Developmental and 20E‐induced expression of the BmWCP4, BmPOUM2 and BmβFTZ‐F1 genes showed that BmPOUM2 and BmβFTZ‐F1 were initially expressed, followed by BmWCP4. These data suggest that the 20E‐induced expression of BmWCP4 is mediated by the transcription factors BmPOUM2 and BmβFTZ‐F1 binding to their CREs in the regulatory sequence region of the BmWCP4 gene.