bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronology and Geochemistry of the Nadingcuo Volcanic Rocks in the Southern Qiangtang Region of the Tibetan Plateau: Partial Melting of Remnant Ocean Crust along the Bangong‐Nujiang Suture
Authors: Baodi WANG , Jianlin CHEN , Jifeng XU , Liquan WANG , Qinggao ZENG , Yanhui DONG 
Published: December 2010

Abstract:The Nadingcuo high‐K calc‐alkaline rocks mainly composed of trachyte and trachyandesite are the largest outcrop area of volcanic rocks in southern Qiangtang terrane in the Tibetan plateau. However, their exact source and peterogenesis are still debated. 40Ar‐39Ar and LAM‐ICPMS zircon U‐Pb isotopic dating confirm that these rocks erupted in Eocene. In addition, the Nadingcuo volcanic rocks are characterized by high Sr/Y content ratios, similar with the adakite derived from partial melting of oceanic crust. They can be further classified as high Mg# (Mg#= 48–57) and low Mg# (Mg#= 33–42) subtypes. The Nadingcuo adakitic rocks have relatively low (87Sr/86Sr)i and high εNd(t), showing a trend of similarity to the Dongcuo ophiolite present in the Bangong‐Nujiang oceanic crust. Simple modeling indicates that the Nadingcuo adakitic rocks are a mix resulting from the basalt of Bangong‐Nujiang Ocean with 10%–20% crustal material of Lhasa terrane. On these bases we suggest that the low Mg# Nadingcuo adakitic rocks are the product of partial melting of remnant oceanic crust with small sediment, and the high Mg# rocks are the result of reaction between rising melt of remnant oceanic crust with subducted sediment and mantle wedge. Therefore, the origin of Nadingcuo adakitic rocks may be related to intracontinental subduction triggered by collision of India‐Asia during Cenozoic.
Chronology, Geochemistry and Tectonic Settings of the Hadamiao Granodiorite on the Northern Margin of the North China Platform
Authors: Baiwu HAO 
Published: December 2010

Abstract:The Hadamiao granodiorite, located on the northern margin of the North China platform and acting as the country rock of gold deposits in the Hadamiao region, was formed in the same age and similar tectonic settings with the Hadamiao gold deposit and the large‐scale Bilihe gold deposit in the same area. By using the LA‐ICP‐MS method, the U‐Pb age obtained is 267±1.3 Ma, which represents the crystallized age of the granodiorite, and that of the xenolithic zircon is 442.8±5 Ma. Base on the main elements, it exhibits the features of calc‐alkaline to high‐potassium calc‐alkaline series, low silicon, and quasi‐aluminous I‐type granites, and with high magnesium (Mg#=0.45–0.57) and high sodium contents (Na2O/K2O=0.98–2.29). The SREE values (81.6–110.15 ppm) are relatively low, the fractionations between LREE and HREE are obvious, showing a right‐inclined dispersion in the REE distribution diagram. Compared with the primitive mantle, the rock is relatively rich in LREE (La and Ce), LILE (K, Sr, and Th), and intensively depleted in HFSE (Ti, P, Nb and Ta). The ratios of Sr/Y and (La/Yb)N and the contents of Rb, Nb and Y are relatively low, the Sr values are high (436.35–567.26 ppm), and the Yb contents of most samples are low (1.25–1.8), which indicate the features of typical continental margin arc and adakitic rocks. According to the values of εNd(t) (–2.4 to +0.2) and ISr (0.7028–0.7083), and variations of the La/Sm ratios, the Hadamiao granodiorite was formed from mixing of the thickened molten lower crust and the mantle wedge substances. The rock was related to the southward subduction and accretion of the Paleo‐Asia Ocean in the Late Paleozoic, being Late Paleozoic magma of the continental margin arc formed on the basement of the Early Paleozoic accretion complexes, and showing a trend of turning into adakitic rocks, which indicates their great metallogenic (Au) potential.
Spatial Variations in Particle Size and Magnetite Concentration on Cedar Beach: Implications for Grain‐Sorting Processes, Western Lake Erie, Canada
Authors: Shuwei ZHANG , CIOPPA Maria T. , Shihong ZHANG 
Published: December 2010

Abstract:This study examined spatial variations in the concentration, grain size and heavy mineral assemblages on Cedar Beach (Lake Erie, Canada). Magnetic studies of heavy mineral‐enriched, dark‐reddish sands present on the beach showed that magnetite (~150 μm) is the dominant magnetic mineral. Surficial magnetic susceptibility values defined three zones: a lakeward region close to the water line (Zone 1), the upper swash zone (Zone 2) and the region landwards of the upper swash zone (Zone 3). Zone 2 showed the highest bulk and mass susceptibility (κ, χ) and the highest mass percentage of smaller grain‐size (<250 μm) fractions in the bulk sand sample. Susceptibility (i.e. κ and χ) values decreased and grain size coarsened from Zone 2 lakewards (into Zone 1) and landwards (into Zone 3), and correlated with the distribution of the heavy mineral assemblage, most probably reflecting preferential separation of large, less dense particles by waves and currents both along and across the beach. The eroded western section of Cedar Beach showed much higher concentrations of heavy minerals including magnetite, and finer sand grain sizes than the accreting eastern section, suggesting that magnetic techniques could be used as a rapid, cost‐effective way of examining erosion along sensitive coastline areas.
Safety and Immunogenicity of Coadministering a Combined Meningococcal Serogroup C and
Haemophilus influenzae
Type b Conjugate Vaccine with 7-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine and Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccine at 12 Months of Age
Authors: Miller Elizabeth , Andrews Nick , Waight Pauline , Findlow Helen , Ashton Lindsey , England Anna , Stanford Elaine , Matheson Mary , Southern Joanna , Sheasby Elizabeth , Goldblatt David , Borrow Ray 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT

The coadministration of the combined meningococcal serogroup C conjugate (MCC)/
Haemophilus influenzae
type b (Hib) vaccine with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) and measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine at 12 months of age was investigated to assess the safety and immunogenicity of this regimen compared with separate administration of the conjugate vaccines. Children were randomized to receive MCC/Hib vaccine alone followed 1 month later by PCV7 with MMR vaccine or to receive all three vaccines concomitantly. Immunogenicity endpoints were MCC serum bactericidal antibody (SBA) titers of ≥8, Hib-polyribosylribitol phosphate (PRP) IgG antibody concentrations of ≥0.15 μg/ml, PCV serotype-specific IgG concentrations of ≥0.35 μg/ml, measles and mumps IgG concentrations of >120 arbitrary units (AU)/ml, and rubella IgG concentrations of ≥11 AU/ml. For safety assessment, the proportions of children with erythema, swelling, or tenderness at site of injection or fever or other systemic symptoms for 7 days after immunization were compared between regimens. No adverse consequences for either safety or immunogenicity were demonstrated when MCC/Hib vaccine was given concomitantly with PCV and MMR vaccine at 12 months of age or separately at 12 and 13 months of age. Any small differences in immunogenicity were largely in the direction of a higher response when all three vaccines were given concomitantly. For systemic symptoms, there was no evidence of an additive effect; rather, any differences between schedules showed benefit from the concomitant administration of all three vaccines, such as lower overall proportions with postvaccination fevers. The United Kingdom infant immunization schedule now recommends that these three vaccines may be offered at one visit at between 12 and 13 months of age.
Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Genotyping of Taylorella equigenitalis Isolates Collected in the United States from 1978 to 2010
Authors: Aalsburg Alan M. , Erdman Matthew M. 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT

Taylorella equigenitalis
is the etiologic agent of contagious equine metritis (CEM), a venereal disease of horses. A total of 82 strains of
T. equigenitalis
isolated in the United States were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) after digestion of genomic DNA with restriction enzyme ApaI. Twenty-eight of those strains isolated from horses in the 2009 U.S. outbreak (CEM09) were further analyzed with NotI and NaeI enzymes. When ApaI alone was used for analysis, the 82 isolates clustered into 15 different genotypes that clearly defined groups of horses with known epidemiological connections. The PFGE profiles of the CEM09 isolates were indistinguishable after digestion with ApaI, NotI, and NaeI and did not match those of isolates from previous U.S. outbreaks in 1978 and 2006 or of any other isolate from the National Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL) culture library. Coupled with the fact that the CEM09 isolates are epidemiologically related, these results suggest a common source for the outbreak not linked to previous occurrences of CEM in the United States.
Extraction of MS2 Phage RNA from Upper Respiratory Tract Specimens by Use of Flat Glass Devices
Authors: Nanassy Oliver Z. , Haydock Paul , Beck Nicola , Barker Lynn M. , Hargrave Perry , Gestwick Daniel , Lindsey Wesley C. , Reed Michael W. , Meschke J. Scott 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTThe isolation of pure nucleic acids from clinical samples is a crucial step in the molecular diagnosis of viral infections by nucleic acid testing (NAT). In this study, novel flat glass devices (cards) were demonstrated to support the rapid and efficient extraction of nucleic acids from upper respiratory tract specimens (nasal washes and swabs). The performance of the nucleic acid extraction cards was directly compared to an existing standardized and automated platform for viral extraction from these types of specimens. The flowthrough card method improved the speed of nucleic acid purification and accommodated larger sample volumes in extraction of bacteriophage MS2 RNA from the various specimen matrices. The dynamic range and estimated sensitivity of the card extraction method for reverse transcriptase quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR)-based detection approximate those of the standardized magnetic glass bead extraction method used in this study.
Unapparent Microsporidial Infection among Immunocompetent Humans in the Czech Republic
Authors: Sak Bohumil , Brady Daniel , Pelikánová Markéta , Květoňová Dana , Rost Michael , Kostka Martin , Tolarová Věra , Hůzová Zuzana , Kváč Martin 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTIn the present population-based study, we determined the prevalences of the most common human-pathogenic microsporidia,Encephalitozoonspp. andEnterocytozoon bieneusi, in asymptomatic healthy people living in the Czech Republic. A total of 382 males and females (ages, 1 to 84 years) living in the Czech Republic, of whom 265 were Czech nationals and 117 were foreign students, were included in a study testing for the presence of microsporidia by use of coprology and molecular methods. Single-species infections withEnterocytozoon bieneusior anEncephalitozoonsp. were detected for 9 and 136 individuals, respectively. Moreover, coinfections were detected for 14 individuals. Four genotypes of 3 human-pathogenicEncephalitozoonspp. and 7E. bieneusigenotypes, including 3 novel genotypes, were detected. Some of these were reported in humans for the first time. The highest prevalence was recorded for individuals older than 50 years and for loose, unformed stool samples. These findings clearly show that exposure to microsporidia is common among immunocompetent people and that microsporidiosis is not linked to any clinical manifestation in healthy populations.
Incidence and Epidemiology of Streptococcus pseudoporcinus in the Genital Tract
Authors: Stoner Kevin A. , Rabe Lorna K. , Austin Michele N. , Meyn Leslie A. , Hillier Sharon L. 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT

Streptococcus pseudoporcinus
, a beta-hemolytic microorganism first isolated from the female gastrourinary tract in 2006, cross-reacts with serogrouping kits for group B
Streptococcus
(GBS) and could be misidentified in the laboratory. The epidemiologic characteristics of this species have not been reported previously, but this organism is thought to be rare. Paired vaginal and rectal samples were collected from 663 nonpregnant women enrolled in a phase II clinical vaccine trial of a GBS type III capsular polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccine, and isolates initially identified as
S. pseudoporcinus
were collected for further testing. A total of 120 isolates of
S. pseudoporcinus
were recovered from 36 unique individuals with 5.4% of 663 women having this organism recovered at least once during follow-up. All of these isolates cross-reacted with a commercially available GBS serogrouping kit. Women colonized with isolates confirmed as
S. pseudoporcinus
by genotypic and phenotypic methodologies were compared to women who were not colonized to determine whether there were any significant factors associated with acquisition of
S. pseudoporcinus
. Acquisition of
S. pseudoporcinus
vaginally and/or rectally was 36 per 846.0 women-years of follow-up for an annual incidence of 4 per 100 woman-years of follow-up. Acquisition of
S. pseudoporcinus
was independently associated with black women, being 30 to 40 years of age, recent
Trichomonas vaginalis
infection, primary or recurrent genital herpes, having bacterial vaginosis by Nugent criteria, and having had two or more male sexual partners since the last visit. This study suggests that
S. pseudoporcinus
is not rare, especially among black women, and could be misidentified as GBS.
Reassessment of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Phenotype
Authors: Carmody Lisa A. , Spilker Theodore , LiPuma John J. 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT

Standard microbiology references describe
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
as oxidase negative and variable with respect to utilization of lactose and sucrose. Analysis of a collection of 766
S. maltophilia
isolates indicated that approximately 20% are oxidase positive and that this species should be reevaluated for other phenotypes, including oxidative fermentation of lactose and sucrose.
Prevalence and Risk Factor Analysis for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization in Children Attending Child Care Centers
Authors: Miller Melissa B. , Weber David J. , Goodrich Jennifer S. , Popowitch Elena B. , Poe Michele D. , Nyugen Viet , Shope Timothy R. , Foster David T. , Miller James R. , Kotch Jonathan 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT

Children attending child care centers (CCCs) are at increased risk for infections, including those caused by methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA). Nasal colonization often precedes infection, and MRSA colonization has been associated with increased infection risk. Community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) has caused increased MRSA infections in the general population, including children. Little is known about the frequency of MRSA nasal colonization in young children, particularly in those attending CCCs where disease transmission is common. We sampled the nares of 1,163 children in 200 classrooms from 24 CCCs in North Carolina and Virginia to assess
S. aureus
colonization. MRSA strains were molecularly analyzed for staphylococcal cassette chromosome
mec
(SCC
mec
) type, Panton-Valentine leukocidin status, and multilocus sequence type. A case-control study was performed to identify risk factors for MRSA colonization. We found that 18.1% children were colonized with
S. aureus
and 1.3% with MRSA. Molecular analysis of the MRSA strains identified 47% as CA-MRSA and 53% as health care-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA). Although two centers had multiple children colonized with MRSA, genotyping indicated that no transmission had occurred within classrooms. The case-control study did not detect statistically significant risk factors for MRSA colonization. However, MRSA-colonized children were more likely to be nonwhite and to have increased exposure to antibiotics and skin infections in the home. Both CA-MRSA and HA-MRSA strains were found colonizing the nares of children attending CCCs. The low frequency of colonization observed highlights the need for a large multicenter study to determine risk factors for MRSA colonization and subsequent infection in this highly susceptible population.
Rapid Detection of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant and Heteroresistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Use of Sloppy Molecular Beacons and Dual Melting-Temperature Codes in a Real-Time PCR Assay
Authors: Chakravorty Soumitesh , Aladegbami Bola , Thoms Kimberley , Lee Jong Seok , Lee Eun Gae , Rajan Vignesh , Cho Eun-Jin , Kim Hyunchul , Kwak Hyunkyung , Kurepina Natalia , Cho Sang-Nae , Kreiswirth Barry , Via Laura E. , Barry Clifton E. , Alland David 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT

Fluoroquinolones (FQ) are important second-line drugs to treat tuberculosis; however, FQ resistance is an emerging problem. Resistance has been mainly attributed to mutations in a 21-bp region of the
Mycobacterium tuberculosis gyrA
gene, often called the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR). We have developed a simple, rapid, and specific assay to detect FQ resistance-determining QRDR mutations. The assay amplifies the
M. tuberculosis gyrA
QRDR in an asymmetrical PCR followed by probing with two sloppy molecular beacons (SMBs) spanning the entire QRDR. Mutations are detected by melting temperature (

T
m

) shifts that occur when the SMBs bind to mismatched sequences. By testing DNA targets corresponding to all known QRDR mutations, we found that one or both of the SMBs produced a

T
m

shift of at least 3.6°C for each mutation, making mutation detection very robust. The assay was also able to identify mixtures of wild-type and mutant DNA, with QRDR mutants identified in samples containing as little as 5 to 10% mutant DNA. The assay was blindly validated for its ability to identify the QRDR mutations on DNA extracted from clinical
M. tuberculosis
strains. Fifty QRDR wild-type samples, 34 QRDR mutant samples, and 8 heteroresistant samples containing mixtures of wild-type and mutant DNA were analyzed. The results showed 100% concordance to conventional DNA sequencing, including a complete identification of all of the mixtures. This SMB

T
m

shift assay will be a valuable molecular tool to rapidly detect FQ resistance and to detect the emergence of FQ heteroresistance in clinical samples from tuberculosis patients.
Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains Producing Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases in Spain: Microbiological and Clinical Features
Authors: de Alegría C. Ruiz , Rodríguez-Baño J. , Cano M. E. , Hernández-Bello J. R. , Calvo J. , Román E. , Díaz M. A. , Pascual A. , Martínez-Martínez L. 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT

Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) of the CTX-M, SHV, and TEM families were recognized in 76 (67%), 31 (27%), and 6 (5%) isolates, respectively, among 162 ESBL-producing
Klebsiella pneumoniae
(ESBL-Kp) strains obtained in a multicenter study in Spain. Predisposing factors for ESBL-Kp acquisition included invasive procedures, mechanical ventilation, and previous antimicrobial use.
Vaccine-Induced Control of Viral Shedding following Rhesus Cytomegalovirus Challenge in Rhesus Macaques
Authors: Abel Kristina , Martinez Joy , Yue Yujuan , Lacey Simon F. , Wang Zhongde , Strelow Lisa , Dasgupta Anindya , Li Zhongqi , Schmidt Kimberli A. , Oxford Kristie L. , Assaf Basel , Longmate Jeffrey A. , Diamond Don J. , Barry Peter A. 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT
The use of animal models of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is critical to refine HCMV vaccine candidates. Previous reports have demonstrated that immunization of rhesus monkeys against rhesus cytomegalovirus (RhCMV) can reduce both local and systemic replication of RhCMV following experimental RhCMV challenge. These studies used prime/boost combinations of DNA expression plasmids alone or DNA priming and boosting with either inactivated virion particles or modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) expressing the same antigens. Viral outcomes included reduced RhCMV replication at the site of subcutaneous inoculation and RhCMV viremia following intravenous inoculation. Since shedding of cytomegalovirus from mucosal surfaces is critical for horizontal transmission of the virus, DNA priming/MVA boosting was evaluated for the ability to reduce oral shedding of RhCMV following subcutaneous challenge. Of six rhesus monkeys vaccinated exclusively against RhCMV glycoprotein B (gB), phosphoprotein 65 (pp65), and immediate-early 1 (IE1), half showed viral loads in saliva that were lower than those of control monkeys by 1 to 3 orders of magnitude. Further, there was a strong association of memory pp65 T cell responses postchallenge in animals exhibiting the greatest reduction in oral shedding. These results highlight the fact that a DNA/MVA vaccination regimen can achieve a notable reduction in a critical parameter of viral replication postchallenge. The recently completed clinical trial of a gB subunit vaccine in which the rate of HCMV infection was reduced by 50% in the individuals receiving the vaccine is consistent with the results of this study suggesting that additional immunogens are likely essential for maximum protection in an outbred human population.
Experimental Adaptation of an RNA Virus Mimics Natural Evolution
Authors: Hajimorad M. R. , Wen R.-H. , Eggenberger A. L. , Hill J. H. , Maroof M. A. Saghai 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT

Identification of virulence determinants of viruses is of critical importance in virology. In search of such determinants, virologists traditionally utilize comparative genomics between a virulent and an avirulent virus strain and construct chimeras to map their locations. Subsequent comparison reveals sequence differences, and through analyses of site-directed mutants, key residues are identified. In the absence of a naturally occurring virulent strain, an avirulent strain can be functionally converted to a virulent variant via an experimental evolutionary approach. However, the concern remains whether experimentally evolved virulence determinants mimic those that have evolved naturally. To provide a direct comparison, we exploited a plant RNA virus, soybean mosaic virus (SMV), and its natural host, soybean. Through a serial
in vivo
passage experiment, the molecularly cloned genome of an avirulent SMV strain was converted to virulent variants on functionally immune soybean genotypes harboring resistance factor(s) from the complex
Rsv1
locus. Several of the experimentally evolved virulence determinants were identical to those discovered through a comparative genomic approach with a naturally evolved virulent strain. Thus, our observations validate an experimental evolutionary approach to identify relevant virulence determinants of an RNA virus.