bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can knowledge improve population forecasts at subcounty levels?
Authors: Chi Guangqing 
Published: May 2009

AbstractRecent developments in urban and regional planning require more accurate population forecasts at subcounty levels, as well as a consideration of interactions among population growth, traffic flow, land use, and environmental impacts. However, the extrapolation methods, currently the most often used demographic forecasting techniques for subcounty areas, cannot meet the demand. This study tests a knowledge-based regression approach, which has been successfully used for forecasts at the national level, for subcounty population forecasting. In particular, this study applies four regression models that incorporate demographic characteristics, socioeconomic conditions, transportation accessibility, natural amenities, and land development to examine the population change since 1970 and to prepare the 1990-based forecast of year 2000 population at the minor civil division level in Wisconsin. The findings indicate that this approach does not outperform the extrapolation projections. Although the regression methods produce more precise projections, the least biased projections are often generated by one of the extrapolation techniques. The performance of the knowledge-based regression methods is discounted at subcounty levels by temporal instability and the scale effect. The regression coefficients exhibit a statistically significant level of temporal instability across the estimation and projection periods and tend to change more rapidly at finer geographic scales.
Health Care Expenditures Associated With Skeletal Fractures Among Medicare Beneficiaries, 1999–2005
Authors: Kilgore Meredith L , Morrisey Michael A , Becker David J , Gary Lisa C , Curtis Jeffrey R , Saag Kenneth G , Yun Huifeng , Matthews Robert , Smith Wilson , Taylor Allison , Arora Tarun , Delzell Elizabeth 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Fractures impose substantial burdens, in terms of both costs and health, on individuals and health care systems. This is particularly true for older Americans and the Medicare system. The objective of this study was to estimate the costs of care associated with selected fractures among Medicare beneficiaries. This was a retrospective, person-level, pre/postfracture analysis using administrative data. The study used Medicare claims data from 1999 through 2005 for a 5% sample of Medicare beneficiaries. The subjects included Medicare beneficiaries, ≥65 yr of age, who had at least 13 mo of both Parts A and B coverage and not enrolled in Medicare Advantage and who experienced a closed fracture of the hip, femur, pelvis, tibia/fibula, ankle, distal forearm, nondistal radius/ulna, humerus, clavicle, spine, or wrist, or any fracture of the distal forearm or ankle during the years 2000 through 2005. The main outcome measures were incremental (greater than baseline) and attributable (directly associated) payments for Medicare-covered services for the first 6 mo after incident fractures. Incremental payments ranged from $7788 (95% CI, $7550–$8025) for distal forearm fractures to $31,310 (95% CI, $31,073–$31,547) for open hip fractures; the attributable payments for distal forearm and hip fractures were $1856 and $18,734, respectively. Fractures are associated with substantial increases in health services utilization and costs among Medicare beneficiaries, but significant proportions of those costs are not directly attributable to fracture treatment. Further research is needed to ascertain other health conditions that are driving costs for Medicare beneficiaries after fractures.
Evidence for a Heritable General Factor of Personality in Two Studies
Authors: Veselka Livia , Schermer Julie Aitken , Petrides K. V. , Vernon Philip Anthony 
Published: May 2009

AbstractTwo studies were conducted to see whether a general factor of personality (GFP) could be extracted from different measures of personality. Using samples of twins in both studies also allowed an assessment of the extent to which genetic and/ or environmental factors contributed to individual differences in the GFPs that were found. In Study 1, principal components analysis of the Big Five personality traits in combination with four scales of mental toughness yielded a strong GFP and behavior genetic model-fitting showed that individual differences in this GFP were fully accounted for by genetic and nonshared environmental factors. In Study 2, a GFP was extracted from the Big Five traits in combination with 15 facets of emotional intelligence. Individual differences in this GFP were also fully accounted for by genetic and nonshared environmental factors. These studies add to the growing body of research demonstrating the existence of a GFP and replicate one previous report of its heritability.
Physical Activity in Adolescence as a Predictor of Alcohol and Illicit Drug Use in Early Adulthood: A Longitudinal Population-Based Twin Study
Authors: Korhonen Tellervo , Kujala Urho M. , Rose Richard J. , Kaprio Jaakko 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe investigated prospectively whether physical activity level in adolescence predicts use of alcohol and illicit drugs in early adulthood. We studied 4,240 individual twins (1,870 twin pairs). We classified those who consistently reported frequent leisure physical activity at ages 16, 17 and 181/2 as persistent exercisers, those exercising less than three times monthly as persistently inactive, and all others as occasional exercisers. To control for familial confounds, within-family analyses compared activity-substance use associations in co-twins discordant for baseline physical activity. Individual-based analyses showed no clear association between baseline physical activity and subsequent weekly alcohol consumption. However, weekly alcohol intoxication (OR = 1.9,p= .002) and problems due to alcohol use (OR = 2.0,p< .001) were more common among persistently inactive participants. After excluding those reporting weekly intoxication at baseline, the risk for alcohol intoxication remained elevated among women occasionally (OR = 2.4,p= .017) or persistently (OR = 5.8,p< .001) inactive at baseline, but this association was not replicated within discordant twin pairs. Individual-based analyses showed that drug use in adulthood was more common among those persistently physically inactive in adolescence (OR = 3.7,p< .001) in comparison to those persistently active. This finding was replicated within discordant twin pairs. Among those with no drug experience during adolescence, persistent inactivity (OR = 1.9,p= .007) increased risk for drug use. We conclude that persistent physical inactivity in adolescence may increase the risk of later problems due to excess alcohol use. Sedentary lifestyle predicts illicit drug use even when controlling for familial factors.
A Prospective Twin Registry in Southwestern China (TRiSC): Exploring the Effects of Genetic and Environmental Factors on Cognitive and Behavioral Development and Mental Health Wellbeing in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Huang Yi , Collier David , Li Tao 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe goals, prospects and methods of the Prospective Twin Registry in Southwestern China (TRiSC) are described. The aim of this study is to measure children's behavioral development and psychopathology from phenotypic, genetic and environmental perspectives. It focuses on measuring children's behavior and psychopathology from child self-reports, as well as parental and teacher informant reports, and relating it to the children's general cognitive abilities, and to the parenting style in the family. Other variables of interest such as children's temperament and parental health status are discussed, as well as plans for further research.
A soluble form of ammonia monooxygenase in Nitrosomonas europaea
Authors: Gilch Stefan , Meyer Ortwin , Schmidt Ingo 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) of Nitrosomonas europaea is a metalloenzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of ammonia to hydroxylamine. This study shows that AMO resides in the cytoplasm of the bacteria in addition to its location in the membrane and is distributed approximately equally in both subcellular fractions. AMO in both fractions catalyzes the oxidation of ammonia and binds [14C]acetylene, a mechanism-based inhibitor which specifically interacts with catalytically active AMO. Soluble AMO was purified 12-fold to electrophoretic homogeneity with a yield of 8%. AMO has a molecular mass of approximately 283 kDa with subunits of ca. 27 kDa (α-subunit, AmoA), ca. 42 kDa (β-subunit, AmoB), and ca. 24 kDa (γ-subunit, cytochrome c
1) in an α3β3γ3 sub-unit structure. Different from the β-subunit of membrane-bound AMO, AmoB of soluble AMO possesses an N-terminal signal sequence. AMO contains Cu (9.4±0.6 mol per mol AMO), Fe (3.9±0.3 mol per mol AMO), and Zn (0.5 to 2.6 mol per mol AMO). Upon reduction the visible absorption spectrum of AMO reveals absorption bands characteristic of cytochrome c. Electron para-magnetic resonance spectroscopy of air-oxidized AMO at 50 K shows a paramagnetic signal originating from Cu2+ and at 10 K a paramagnetic signal characteristic of heme-Fe.
Emerging roles of mitochondrial membrane dynamics in health and disease
Authors: Schäfer Anja , Reichert Andreas S. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles forming a tubular network that is sustained by fusion and fission events. Impairment thereof leads to various neuropathies in humans, such as optic atrophy and Parkinson's disease. We have only begun to understand the molecular machineries facilitating fusion and fission of mitochondria and how these processes are regulated. The physiological role of mitochondrial dynamics and how it may be involved in maintaining mitochondrial functionality is still unclear. Here, we discuss current views in this emerging field focusing on the molecular basis of how mitochondrial morphology is regulated and how this may contribute to mitochondrial quality control.
Multiple pathways for mitochondrial protein traffic
Authors: Endo Toshiya , Yamano Koji 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Mitochondria are two-membrane bounded organelles consisting of 1000–2000 different proteins, most of which are synthesized in the cytosol and subsequently imported into mitochondria. The imported proteins are further sorted to one of the four compartments, the outer membrane, intermembrane space, inner membrane, and matrix, mostly following one of the five major pathways. Mitochondrial protein import and sorting are mediated by the translocator complexes in the membranes and chaperones in the aqueous compartments operating along the import pathways. Here, we summarize the expanding knowledge on the roles of translocators, chaperones, and related components in the multiple pathways for mitochondrial protein trafficking.
The nanodisc: a novel tool for membrane protein studies
Authors: Borch Jonas , Hamann Thomas 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
A major challenge in the research on membrane-anchored and integral membrane protein complexes is to obtain these in a functionally active, water-soluble, and monodisperse form. This requires the incorporation of the membrane proteins into a native-like membrane or detergent micelle that mimics the properties of the original biological membrane. However, solubilization in detergents or reconstitution in liposomes or supported monolayers sometimes suffers from loss of activity and problematic analyses due to heterogeneity and aggregation. A developing technology termed nanodiscs exploits discoidal phospholipid bilayers encircled by a stabilizing amphipatic helical membrane scaffold protein to reconstitute membranes with integral proteins. After reconstitution, the membrane nanodisc is soluble, stable, and monodisperse. In the present review, we outline the biological inspiration for nanodiscs as discoidal high-density lipoproteins, the assembly and handling of nanodiscs, and finally their diverse biochemical applications. In our view, major advantages of nanodisc technology for integral membrane proteins is homogeneity, control of oligomerization state, access to both sides of the membrane, and control of lipids in the local membrane environment of the integral protein.
Inorganic-organic layered halide perovskites, with specific focus on PAMC, and its key and slot joint interlayers
Authors: Depmeier Wulf 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA brief account is given on layered halide perovskitesA2BX4, and their relationships with the 3DABX3perovskites. The scientific history of the family of inorganic-organic hybrid structures of (CnH2n+1NH3)2MCl4, withM= Mn, Cd, Cu is described. The special case of PAMC, (C3H7NH3)2MnCl4, is shortly discussed, with special emphasis on the importance of non-bonded interlock layers interwoven with the topological layered perovskite structure and occurring accidentally on geometrical grounds in the propyl-compounds. These layers are believed to be the main reason for the uniqueness of these compounds in the series (CnH2n+1NH3)2MCl4, withn= 1–10 (at least). Modern achievements of investigations into other inorganic-organic hybrid perovskite-type layer structures are also addressed to.
Toxicity of ivermectin on cladocerans: Comparison of toxic effects onDaphnia and Ceriodaphniaspecies
Authors: Lopes Christelle , Charles Sandrine , Vollat Bernard , Garric Jeanne 
Published: May 2009

AbstractInterspecies differences in contaminant sensitivity are measured to assess environmental risk based on species sensitivity distribution. The present study was intended to demonstrate the importance of studying the effects of contaminants on the life-history traits of various species. To do this, we compared the effects of ivermectin on the survival, growth, and reproduction of two cladoceran species (Daphnia magna and Ceriodaphnia dubia) and two strains of D. magna (one Japanese and one European). Ivermectin is widely used against endo- and ectoparasites in livestock and pets and is known for its high toxicity. Local aquatic ecosystems can be contaminated due to direct excretion into surface waters, but few data are available about the chronic effects of ivermectin on aquatic organisms. Adult daphnids were exposed to concentrations from 0 to 1 ng/L. Our results show a significant effect on all the life-history traits measured and reveal inter- and intraspecies differences. The no-observed-effect concentration found for growth and reproduction is 0.0003 ng/L for D. magna versus 0.001 ng/L for C. dubia, and the lowest-observed-effect concentration is 0.001 ng/L for D. magna versus 0.01 ng/L for C. dubia. C. dubia is smaller than D. magna and appeared to be less sensitive to ivermectin. The European strain of D. magna exhibited less resistance than the Japanese strain. A bias in the sex ratio was observed for all strains tested.
The Theory And Instrumentation Of Radiation Logging
Authors: Atkins E.R. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
This review contains the fundamentals of radiation logging, as known today. After a brief history of nuclear physics and radiation logging, the general theories of nuclear physics and their application to the interpretation of particular radiation logs are discussed. A general description of the instruments required for radiation logging is given. The types of logs being used and field tested today are indicated. For those interested in a more complete review of radiation logging, the references will provide further information.

Introduction
In the 55 years since Villard of France discovered the effects of gamma rays on a photographic plate, this form of electromagnetic radiation has been put to many practical uses. A considerable fund of information has been accumulated regarding the nature of gamma rays and means for their measurement.
0nly 25 years have elapsed since Bothe and Becker first observed the effects of neutrons in the laboratory. Today the technology of neutron application is being brought to bear on problems of both peace and war.
This paper is concerned with the interactions of both gamma rays and neutrons with earth strata penetrated by boreholes. For purposes of convenience, this discussion will be restricted to these interactions as they apply to formations encountered in oil exploration and development. Under suitable conditions, the interpretation of the recorded effects of these reactions are useful for:The location of porous zones which might contain petroleum.The correlation between wells of similar lithologic structures.The determination of gas-oil interfaces in known petroleum reservoirs.The evaluation of the porosity of particular beds.The determination, in conjunction with a collar locator, of the location of casing with respect to beds of interest.The logging of wells which were drilled and cased without obtaining an electric log.The evaluation, in conjunction with an induction log, of oil or gas content of beds drilled with oil base mud.
Formation Evaluation Of Felix Jackson No. 40 Well, Frio Formation, Oyster Bayou Field, Chambers County, Texas
Authors: Glanville C.R. 
Published: May 2009

Introduction
The Oyster Bayou field is located in southeastern Chambers County, Tex., about 10 miles north of the High Island Dome. The geological structure is anticlinal, probably the result of a deep-seated salt dome. Oil and gas accumulations occur on the upthrown side of a major down-to-the-coast fault which is striking almost due north and south and limited by lesser east-west faulting to an area of about 1,200 acres. Production is obtained primarily from the first massive sands below the Marginulina texana shore line [Frio], locally named the Seabreeze A-1 and A-2 sands. These sands are connected through minor faulting and are operating as a single reservoir. The total productive column is 260 ft, 200 ft of which is oil.
The discovery well was completed in April, 1941, fill-in drilling reduced the well spacing to 40 acres. There are presently 41 wells completed in the Seabreeze sand reservoir. The productivity of the field is extremely high, and 400 BOPD on a 1/8 in. coke is the current well allowable. The original production was obtained by a dissolved gas drive plus a natural water drive. Production is now obtained almost entirely by artificial water drive under a program of reservoir pressure maintenance by water flooding which began in 1951.
The Felix Jackson No. 40 well was drilled during July and Aug., 1953,as a fill-in well. Although drilled late in the field development, this well was selected for a very unusual coring and logging program. The procedure was to core the entire Seabreeze reservoir section using oil base mud and to log the same section by many different methods. An interesting situation was thereby created for a study of the usefulness of log interpretation of basic reservoir information in place of core analysis.

Operations
Drilling was begun using a mixture of clay and water as a drilling fluid. This mixture was treated with complex phosphates and Quebracho, and clays were added to increase gelation during drilling.
Therapeutic Perspectives of Angiotensin-(1-7) in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Höcht Christian , Mayer Marcos , A. Taira Carlos 
Published: May 2009

In the last decade, new biologically active components of the renin-angiotensin system were found. Angiotensin-(1-7)
(Ang-(1-7)), a metabolite of angiotensin I and angiotensin II (Ang II), is considered the most pleiotropic
component of the renin-angiotensin system, acting as a counterregulatory mediator of Ang II. Ang-(1-7) exerts beneficial
effects on the cardiovascular system, including reduction of blood pressure, myocardial antihypertrofic and antifibrotic actions,
and reversal of renal dysfunction, among others. Recent discovery of enzymatic pathways involved in Ang-(1-7)
synthesis, such as the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) and the existence of a specific receptor to this heptapeptide,
the Mas receptor, have increased interest in the design of therapeutic strategies aimed at increasing the biological actions
of Ang-(1-7). ACE inhibitors, AT receptor blockers and aldosterone antagonists enhance Ang-(1-7) levels by different
mechanisms. Actually, non-peptidic Ang-(1-7) agonists and ACE2 activators are under development and could
have a role in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
The aim of the present review is to describe the biochemical and physiological actions of Ang-(1-7), the therapeutic
strategies designed to enhance Ang-(1-7) activity foccusing in their possible role and limitations in the treatment of cardiovascular
disease.
Characteristics of the Tooth in the Initial Movement: The Influence of the Restraint Site to the Periodontal Ligament and the Alveolar Bone
Authors: Shinya Kyoko , Shinya Akikazu , Nakahara Rizako , Nakasone Yuji , Shinya Akiyoshi 
Published: May 2009

It is critical to clarify orthodontic load transfer mechanism from tooth to alveolar bone, and to determine the influence of applied orthodontic force on tooth behaviour. In this study, two dimensional (2-D) finite element (FE) models were constructed to simulate to mechanical behaviour observed during the initial movement of periodontal ligament (PDL) deformation, and to evaluate the effects of the presence of PDL and various restraint sites on tooth behaviour.
A 2-D solid FE model of the tooth-PDL-alveolar bone system was constructed and investigated into stress distribution pattern and displacement. The first analysis was carried out with combinations of FE model with and without PDL. The second analysis was compared with three different sites restraint of alveolar bone.
By incorporating PDL in FE models, excessively large stress values and deformation generated in a tooth and alveolar bone were relieved. Since restraint conditions did not affect a tooth and PDL, but had an effect on alveolar bone, orthodontic force necessary for tooth displacement was transmitted correctly. The results of this study revealed that inclusion of PDL in FE models is indispensable to transmit orthodontic force appropriately when investigating tooth behaviour for orthodontic treatment. Restrained sites affected stress distribution in alveolar bone.
Effect of Pre-Incisional Continuous Regional Block on Early and Late Postoperative Conditions in Tibial Osteotomy and Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Motamed C , Combes X , Ndoko S.-K , Dhonneur G 
Published: May 2009

Background:Postoperative regional anesthesia hastens recovery and reduces the length of hospital stay of orthopedic surgical patients. This study was designed to assess the impact of pre-incisional continuous femoral block on postoperative conditions (POC) of tibial osteotomy and total knee arthroplasty patients.Methods:After insertion of a femoral catheter under peripheral nerve stimulation control, 111 patients scheduled for total knee arthroplasty or tibial osteotomy were randomized to receive either pre-incisionnal (treatment) or postoperative (control) continuous femoral block. Anesthesia and postoperative management was standardized. An assessor blinded to the randomization process recorded early and late postoperative conditions (POC) which included pain scores, opioid demands, length of stay in Postoperative care unit and patients’ satisfaction.Results:Eleven patients were excluded from the final analysis because of catheter disconnection or malfunction. Thus 100 patients (50 in each group) were analyzed for POC. Treatment failed to influence patients overall satisfaction but significantly improved early POC. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that late POC were significantly improved in tibial osteotomy as compared to total knee arthroplasty patients. No complication occurred during the study period.Conclusion:Continuous femoral nerve block before surgery significantly improved early postoperative conditions in both surgery while late postoperative conditions were improved only in tibial osteotomy.