bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advanced parental cancer and adolescents: Parenting issues and challenges
Authors: Pholsena Thepthara N. , Lewis Frances Marcus , Phillips Farya , Loggers Elizabeth T. , Yockel Mary Rose , Zahlis Ellen H. , Shands Mary Ellen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundAn estimated 609,820 child-rearing adults in 2023 died from advanced cancer, affecting 153,675 dependent children. Although children are known to suffer significant distress when a parent is diagnosed with cancer, few studies have described parents’ views of their adolescent’s behavioral response to their advanced cancer or what the parent did to interpret or manage that response.ObjectivesTo describe patient-reported concerns about their adolescent and how they responded to their adolescent’s behavior.MethodsSingle occasion interviews were administered to 6 adolescent-rearing parents with Stage IV cancer. Interviews were analyzed using inductive content analysis by trained coders. Trustworthiness of results was protected through peer debriefing, coding to consensus, and maintaining an audit trail.ResultsThe core construct that explained study data was Being There without Taking Over, comprised of 4 domains: Struggling to Read My Child, Attempting to Talk with My Child about My Cancer, Trying to Maintain Optimism, and Understanding My Child.ConclusionsParents were deeply concerned about the impact of their advanced cancer on their adolescent but were unable to distinguish between cancer-related distress and adolescent angst. They feared initiating cancer-related discussions and struggled with their own feelings of guilt and parental inadequacy but did not turn to professionals for help.Significance of resultsAdolescent-rearing patients with advanced disease need to be triaged into services that offer a framework from which parents can interpret their child’s behavior and learn ways to have adolescent-appropriate conversations about the cancer. Such services should also help parents gain skills to manage feelings of parental inadequacy and guilt. In the absence of services, parents struggle and do not know how to interpret and respond to their adolescent’s cancer-related behavior.
Lip service to liberal democracy in Western Europe?
Authors: Kaftan Lea 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPolitical scientists heavily rely on standard survey questions referring to “democracy” when they study citizens’ attitudes toward (liberal) democracy. However, we only know little about the way in which citizens respond to these questions. This article focuses on two frequently highlighted issues: social desirability and the consistency between citizens’ understanding and researchers’ understanding of the term “democracy.” To address these issues, I collected novel survey data via YouGov from 14,000 British, French, German, and Italian respondents. I use a list experiment to show that respondents do not feel socially pressured to misreport their support for democracy. However, what citizens have in mind when they claim to support democracy only reflects norms and institutions of minimal conceptions of democracy. Overall, this encourages the usage of questions regarding citizens’ support for democracy widely, although this should not be interpreted as the support for anything going beyond minimal conceptions of democracy (providing freedom and allowing for citizens’ influence on political decisions).
Causal Analysis Discovers an Enhanced Impact of Tropical Western Pacific on Indian Summer Monsoon Subseasonal Anomalies
Authors: Du Danni , Subramanian Aneesh C. , Han Weiqing , Ninad Urmi , Runge Jakob 
Published: May 2024

AbstractExisting studies have shown changes in the impact of atmospheric teleconnections on Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) at interannual time scales due to the changing background state. However, the exploration of potential changes at subseasonal time scales remains limited. In this study, we use a causal discovery method to find the tropical atmospheric drivers of ISM subseasonal anomalies, and quantify the causal effects of the drivers on ISM, as well as the changes in causal effects over the past 40 years. We find the impact of tropical western Pacific on ISM subseasonal anomalies has strengthened, while the ISM self‐feedback has weakened. Wavenumber‐frequency analysis shows that the Rossby wave energy over 15°N–30°N at periods of 10–20 days has increased over the past four decades, which offers a plausible explanation for the enhanced tropical atmospheric teleconnection between western Pacific and ISM at subseasonal time scales.
Diversity of Stratospheric Error Growth Across Subseasonal Prediction Systems
Authors: Lee R. W. , Charlton‐Perez A. J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe stratosphere has previously been shown to be a significant source of subseasonal tropospheric predictability. The ability of ensemble prediction systems to appropriately exploit this depends on their ability to reproduce the statistical properties of the real atmosphere. In this study, we investigate predictability properties of the coupled stratosphere‐troposphere system in the sub‐seasonal to seasonal prediction project hindcasts by fitting a simple, minimal model. We diagnose the signal and noise components of each system in the stratosphere and troposphere and their coupling. We find that while the correlation skill scores are similar in most systems, the signal to noise properties can be substantially different. In the stratosphere, some systems are significantly overconfident, with a quantifiable impact on the tropospheric confidence. We link the method and details of the design of a prediction system to these predictive properties.
On the Oxygenation Efficacy of Geoengineered Artificial Downwelling in the Estuarine Ecosystem
Authors: Luo Qihao , Xiao Canbo , Lu Wenfang , Lai Zhigang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study examines the oxygenation efficacy of geoengineered artificial downwelling (AD) in the hypoxia zone of the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) using a fine‐resolution coupled physical‐biogeochemical model. Like many estuaries worldwide, the PRE experiences summer hypoxia because of intense stratification and eutrophication. AD provides a potential solution for short‐term hypoxia relief via the mixture of surface and bottom water, but its oxygenation efficacy relying on both local hydrodynamics and biogeochemistry is largely uncertain. Our simulations suggest that AD has extremely low oxygenation efficacy in the PRE during the hypoxia period. The estimated oxygen transfer efficiency (OTE), defined as the rate of oxygen transfer per unit of power needed for pumping, varies between −0.81 and +0.92 kg O2 kWh−1. This is an order of magnitude less than the previous estimate of 10–100 kg kWh−1 in closed lakes and fjords. Moreover, a negative OTE means that AD sometimes backfires and exacerbates hypoxia in the bottom water. The above results remain unchanged when different values of engineering parameters including downwelling rate and discharging depth are used. Extremely low oxygenation efficacy is attributed to strong subtidal advection in the estuary as well as the engineering side effects including reduced vertical diffusion.
Numerical Diffusion and Turbulent Mixing in Convective Self‐Aggregation
Authors: Silvestri L. , Saraceni M. , Bongioannini Cerlini P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractConvective Self‐Aggregation (CSA) is a common feature of idealized numerical simulations of the tropical atmosphere in Radiative‐Convective Equilibrium (RCE). However, at coarse grid resolution where deep convection is not fully resolved, the occurrence of this phenomenon is extremely sensitive to subgrid‐scale processes. This study examines the role of mixing and entrainment, provided by the turbulence model and the implicit numerical diffusion. The study compares the results of two models, WRF and SAM, by varying turbulence models, initial conditions, and horizontal spatial resolution. At a coarse grid resolution of 3 km, the removal of turbulent mixing prevents CSA in models with low numerical diffusivity but is preserved in models with high numerical diffusivity. When the horizontal grid resolution is refined to 1 km, CSA can only be achieved by increasing explicit turbulent mixing, even with a small amount of shallow clouds. Therefore, the sensitivity of CSA to horizontal grid resolution is not primarily caused by the decrease in shallow clouds. The analysis of the total water path spectrum suggests that the amplitude of initial humidity perturbations introduced by convection in the free troposphere is the key factor. This amplitude is regulated by turbulent mixing and diffusion at small scales. Prior to the onset of CSA, increased mixing makes updrafts more sensitive to the dryness of the free troposphere, which strengthens the moisture‐convection feedback. This leads to an increased distance between convective cores and a stronger humidity perturbation in the free troposphere, which can destabilize the RCE state.
New Insights Into the Surface‐Ocean Dynamics of the Northeastern Atlantic Ocean Across the Marine Isotope Stage 7
Authors: Singh Harshit , Singh Arun Deo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe upper water‐column dynamics and surface productivity variability in the Northeastern Atlantic Ocean across the Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 7 interglacial complex is not well understood. Here, we present high‐resolution planktic foraminiferal proxies combined with Artificial Neural Network based‐sea‐surface temperature (SST) and ice‐rafted detritus records from International Ocean Discovery Program Site U1385, SW Iberian Margin for the intervals representing MIS 8 deglaciation, MIS 7 interglacial complex and MIS 6 glacial inception. The long‐term SST pattern is modulated by insolation and precession parameters across the MIS 7 interglacial complex and is superimposed by the millennial‐scale variability (stadials at ∼250, ∼243, ∼230, ∼221, ∼203, ∼196 and ∼192 ka). The regional SST records indicate high temperature gradient (∼6°C) between the sub‐polar North Atlantic Ocean and the SW Iberian Margin during MIS 7d which enhanced the moisture transport from mid‐to‐high latitudes. Further, low obliquity with low insolation induced cooling at high latitudes and promoted the expansion of ice‐sheets during MIS 7d. Comparison of our faunal proxies with the published marine and terrestrial records from SW Europe and western Mediterranean Sea suggested a weakening and southward shift of Azores High (AH) pressure system, similar to the present‐day (−) NAO‐like atmospheric configuration during the early phases of MIS 7e, MIS 7c and MIS 7a, resulting reduced surface productivity of SW Iberian Margin. During the late phases of MIS 7e, MIS 7c and MIS 7a, the AH pressure system strengthened and shifted northward causing the intensification of the trade winds, a scenario similar to present‐day (+) NAO‐like atmospheric configuration, which resulted in high surface productivity of SW Iberian Margin.
A Novel Laboratory Technique for Measuring Grain‐Size‐Specific Transport Characteristics of Bed Load Pulses
Authors: Reiterer Kevin , Gold Thomas , Hauer Christoph , Habersack Helmut , Sindelar Christine 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAlthough several laboratory studies on the propagation of bed load pulses were carried out in the last decades, most studies neglect grain‐size‐specific aspects or use invasive measurement techniques. To remedy the situation, we present a novel, time‐efficient and non‐destructive laboratory technique to investigate grain‐size‐specific transport characteristics of bed load pulses. The method consists of a through‐water, high‐resolution image acquisition followed by the application of a supervised color classification algorithm (Gaussian Maximum Likelihood Classification). The analyzed bed load pulse consisted of five different grain size classes of dyed quartz sand and gravel, each having a unique color. The initial experimental bed was uni‐colored and contained the same size fractions as the augmented pulse. Quality assessment based on a confusion matrix approach and basic random sampling showed a high classification performance. By statistically analyzing the temporal and spatial color distribution of the experimental reach, characteristic parameters to describe the propagation behavior were determined. The bed load pulse presented in the application example initially showed strong deviations in the grain‐size‐specific advection and dispersion, and advection proved to be predominant in the transport process.
Thank You to Our 2023 Peer Reviewers
Authors: Beal Lisa M. , Chafik Léon , Fawcett Sarah , Flexas Mar , Friedrichs Marjorie A. M. , Gnanaseelan Chellappan , Goodkin Nathalie F. , Lachkar Zouhair , Li Yuanlong , Mulligan Ryan P. , Nagai Takeyoshi , O'Callaghan Joanne (Joe) , Power Hannah E. , von Schuckmann Karina , Sherwood Christopher , Singh Arvind , Umlauf Lars , Vancoppenolle Martin , Wahlin Anna , Xu Fanghua 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThank you to the 1396 reviewers who provided 2328 reviews during 2023 to ensure the quality and integrity of JGR‐Oceans manuscripts.
Intermittent theta-burst stimulation to the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex may increase potentiated startle in healthy individuals
Authors: Teferi Marta , Gura Hannah , Patel Milan , Casalvera Abigail , Lynch Kevin G. , Makhoul Walid , Deng Zhi-De , Oathes Desmond J. , Sheline Yvette I. , Balderston Nicholas L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) treatment protocols targeting the right dlPFC have been effective in reducing anxiety symptoms comorbid with depression. However, the mechanism behind these effects is unclear. Further, it is unclear whether these results generalize to non-depressed individuals. We conducted a series of studies aimed at understanding the link between anxiety potentiated startle and the right dlPFC, following a previous study suggesting that continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) to the right dlPFC can make people more anxious. Based on these results we hypothesized that intermittent TBS (iTBS), which is thought to have opposing effects on plasticity, may reduce anxiety when targeted at the same right dlPFC region. In this double-blinded, cross-over design, 28 healthy subjects underwent 12 study visits over a 4-week period. During each of their 2 stimulation weeks, they received four 600 pulse iTBS sessions (2/day), with a post-stimulation testing session occurring 24 h following the final iTBS session. One week they received active stimulation, one week they received sham. Stimulation weeks were separated by a 1-week washout period and the order of active/sham delivery was counterbalanced across subjects. During the testing session, we induced anxiety using the threat of unpredictable shock and measured anxiety potentiated startle. Contrary to our initial hypothesis, subjects showed increased startle reactivity following active compared to sham stimulation. These results replicate work from our two previous trials suggesting that TMS to the right dlPFC increases anxiety potentiated startle, independent of both the pattern of stimulation and the timing of the post stimulation measure. Although these results confirm a mechanistic link between right dlPFC excitability and startle, capitalizing upon this link for the benefit of patients will require future exploration.
Iron promotes ovarian cancer malignancy and advances platinum resistance by enhancing DNA repair via FTH1/FTL/POLQ/RAD51 axis
Authors: Zhang Qingyu , Chen Caiyun , Zou Xinxin , Wu Weifeng , Di Yunbo , Li Ning , Fu Aizhen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIron is crucial for cell DNA synthesis and repair, but an excess of free iron can lead to oxidative stress and subsequent cell death. Although several studies suggest that cancer cells display characteristics of ‘Iron addiction’, an ongoing debate surrounds the question of whether iron can influence the malignant properties of ovarian cancer. In the current study, we initially found iron levels increase during spheroid formation. Furthermore, iron supplementation can promote cancer cell survival, cancer spheroid growth, and migration; vice versa, iron chelators inhibit this process. Notably, iron reduces the sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to platinum as well. Mechanistically, iron downregulates DNA homologous recombination (HR) inhibitor polymerase theta (POLQ) and relieves its antagonism against the HR repair enzyme RAD51, thereby promoting DNA damage repair to resist chemotherapy-induced damage. Additionally, iron tightly regulated by ferritin (FTH1/FTL) which is indispensable for iron-triggered DNA repair. Finally, we discovered that iron chelators combined with platinum exhibit a synergistic inhibitory effect on ovarian cancer in vitro and in vivo. Our findings affirm the pro-cancer role of iron in ovarian cancer and reveal that iron advances platinum resistance by promoting DNA damage repair through FTH1/FTL/POLQ/RAD51 pathway. Our findings highlight the significance of iron depletion therapy, revealing a promising avenue for advancing ovarian cancer treatment.
Integrated and DC-powered superconducting microcomb
Authors: Wang Chen-Guang , Xu Wuyue , Li Chong , Shi Lili , Jiang Junliang , Guo Tingting , Yue Wen-Cheng , Li Tianyu , Zhang Ping , Lyu Yang-Yang , Pan Jiazheng , Deng Xiuhao , Dong Ying , Tu Xuecou , Dong Sining , Cao Chunhai , Zhang Labao , Jia Xiaoqing , Sun Guozhu , Kang Lin , Chen Jian , Wang Yong-Lei , Wang Huabing , Wu Peiheng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFrequency combs, specialized laser sources emitting multiple equidistant frequency lines, have revolutionized science and technology with unprecedented precision and versatility. Recently, integrated frequency combs are emerging as scalable solutions for on-chip photonics. Here, we demonstrate a fully integrated superconducting microcomb that is easy to manufacture, simple to operate, and consumes ultra-low power. Our turnkey apparatus comprises a basic nonlinear superconducting device, a Josephson junction, directly coupled to a superconducting microstrip resonator. We showcase coherent comb generation through self-started mode-locking. Therefore, comb emission is initiated solely by activating a DC bias source, with power consumption as low as tens of picowatts. The resulting comb spectrum resides in the microwave domain and spans multiple octaves. The linewidths of all comb lines can be narrowed down to 1 Hz through a unique coherent injection-locking technique. Our work represents a critical step towards fully integrated microwave photonics and offers the potential for integrated quantum processors.
The structural basis for 2′−5′/3′−5′-cGAMP synthesis by cGAS
Authors: Wu Shuai , Gabelli Sandra B. , Sohn Jungsan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractcGAS activates innate immune responses against cytosolic double-stranded DNA. Here, by determining crystal structures of cGAS at various reaction stages, we report a unifying catalytic mechanism. apo-cGAS assumes an array of inactive conformations and binds NTPs nonproductively. Dimerization-coupled double-stranded DNA-binding then affixes the active site into a rigid lock for productive metal•substrate binding. A web-like network of protein•NTP, intra-NTP, and inter-NTP interactions ensures the stepwise synthesis of 2′−5′/3′−5′-linked cGAMP while discriminating against noncognate NTPs and off-pathway intermediates. One divalent metal is sufficient for productive substrate binding, and capturing the second divalent metal is tightly coupled to nucleotide and linkage specificities, a process which manganese is preferred over magnesium by 100-fold. Additionally, we elucidate how mouse cGAS achieves more stringent NTP and linkage specificities than human cGAS. Together, our results reveal that an adaptable, yet precise lock-and-key-like mechanism underpins cGAS catalysis.
Electrochemical-repaired porous graphene membranes for precise ion-ion separation
Authors: Zhou Zongyao , Zhao Kangning , Chi Heng-Yu , Shen Yueqing , Song Shuqing , Hsu Kuang-Jung , Chevalier Mojtaba , Shi Wenxiong , Agrawal Kumar Varoon 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe preparation of atom-thick porous lattice hosting Å-scale pores is attractive to achieve a large ion-ion selectivity in combination with a large ion flux. Graphene film is an ideal selective layer for this if high-precision pores can be incorporated, however, it is challenging to avoid larger non-selective pores at the tail-end of the pore size distribution which reduces ion-ion selectivity. Herein, we develop a strategy to overcome this challenge using an electrochemical repair strategy that successfully masks larger pores in large-area graphene. 10-nm-thick electropolymerized conjugated microporous polymer (CMP) layer is successfully deposited on graphene, thanks to a strong π-π interaction in these two materials. While the CMP layer itself is not selective, it effectively masks graphene pores, leading to a large Li+/Mg2+ selectivity from zero-dimensional pores reaching 300 with a high Li+ ion permeation rate surpassing the performance of reported materials for ion-ion separation. Overall, this scalable repair strategy enables the fabrication of monolayer graphene membranes with customizable pore sizes, limiting the contribution of nonselective pores, and offering graphene membranes a versatile platform for a broad spectrum of challenging separations.
Tailoring amorphous boron nitride for high-performance two-dimensional electronics
Authors: Chen Cindy Y. , Sun Zheng , Torsi Riccardo , Wang Ke , Kachian Jessica , Liu Bangzhi , Rayner Gilbert B. , Chen Zhihong , Appenzeller Joerg , Lin Yu-Chuan , Robinson Joshua A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTwo-dimensional (2D) materials have garnered significant attention in recent years due to their atomically thin structure and unique electronic and optoelectronic properties. To harness their full potential for applications in next-generation electronics and photonics, precise control over the dielectric environment surrounding the 2D material is critical. The lack of nucleation sites on 2D surfaces to form thin, uniform dielectric layers often leads to interfacial defects that degrade the device performance, posing a major roadblock in the realization of 2D-based devices. Here, we demonstrate a wafer-scale, low-temperature process (<250 °C) using atomic layer deposition (ALD) for the synthesis of uniform, conformal amorphous boron nitride (aBN) thin films. ALD deposition temperatures between 125 and 250 °C result in stoichiometric films with high oxidative stability, yielding a dielectric strength of 8.2 MV/cm. Utilizing a seed-free ALD approach, we form uniform aBN dielectric layers on 2D surfaces and fabricate multiple quantum well structures of aBN/MoS2 and aBN-encapsulated double-gated monolayer (ML) MoS2 field-effect transistors to evaluate the impact of aBN dielectric environment on MoS2 optoelectronic and electronic properties. Our work in scalable aBN dielectric integration paves a way towards realizing the theoretical performance of 2D materials for next-generation electronics.
Dynamic Arabidopsis P5CS filament facilitates substrate channelling
Authors: Guo Chen-Jun , Zhang Tianyi , Leng Qingqing , Zhou Xian , Zhong Jiale , Liu Ji-Long 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn plants, the rapid accumulation of proline is a common response to combat abiotic stress1–7. Delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS) is a rate-limiting enzyme in proline synthesis, catalysing the initial two-step conversion from glutamate to proline8. Here we determine the first structure of plant P5CS. Our results show that Arabidopsis thaliana P5CS1 (AtP5CS1) and P5CS2 (AtP5CS2) can form enzymatic filaments in a substrate-sensitive manner. The destruction of AtP5CS filaments by mutagenesis leads to a significant reduction in enzymatic activity. Furthermore, separate activity tests on two domains reveal that filament-based substrate channelling is essential for maintaining the high catalytic efficiency of AtP5CS. Our study demonstrates the unique mechanism for the efficient catalysis of AtP5CS, shedding light on the intricate mechanisms underlying plant proline metabolism and stress response.