bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dendritic Cell-Specific ICAM-3–Grabbing Nonintegrin Expression on M2-Polarized and Tumor-Associated Macrophages Is Macrophage-CSF Dependent and Enhanced by Tumor-Derived IL-6 and IL-10
Authors: Domínguez-Soto Angeles , Sierra-Filardi Elena , Puig-Kröger Amaya , Pérez-Maceda Blanca , Gómez-Aguado Fernando , Corcuera María Teresa , Sánchez-Mateos Paloma , Corbí Angel L. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3–grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN; CD209) is a human pathogen-attachment C-type lectin with no obvious murine ortholog and for which ligation leads to enhanced anti-inflammatory cytokine release and altered proinflammatory cytokine production. Although induced by IL-4 in monocytes and considered as a DC marker, DC-SIGN expression on human APCs under homeostatic conditions is so far unexplained. We report in this study that M-CSF enhances DC-SIGN expression on in vitro derived anti-inflammatory macrophages and that M-CSF mediates the induction of DC-SIGN by fibroblast- and tumor cell-conditioned media. The M-CSF–inducible DC-SIGN expression along monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation is dependent on JNK and STAT3 activation, potentiated by STAT3-activating cytokines (IL-6, IL-10), and abrogated by the M1-polarizing cytokine GM-CSF. In pathological settings, DC-SIGN expression is detected in tumor tissues and on ex vivo-isolated CD14+ CD163+ IL-10–producing tumor-associated macrophages. Importantly, DC-SIGN Abs reduced the release of IL-10 from macrophages exposed to Lewisx-expressing SKBR3 tumor cells. These results indicate that DC-SIGN is expressed on both wound-healing (IL-4–dependent) and regulatory (M-CSF–dependent) alternative (M2) macrophages and that DC-SIGN expression on tumor-associated macrophages might help tumor progression by contributing to the maintenance of an immunosuppressive environment.
TRIF Is a Critical Survival Factor in Viral Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Riad Alexander , Westermann Dirk , Zietsch Christin , Savvatis Konstantinos , Becher Peter M. , Bereswill Stefan , Heimesaat Markus M. , Lettau Olga , Lassner Dirk , Dörner Andrea , Poller Wolfgang , Busch Matthias , Felix Stephan B. , Schultheiss Heinz P. , Tschöpe Carsten 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
TRIF is a member of the innate immune system known to be involved in viral recognition and type I IFN activation. Because IFNs are thought to play an important role in viral myocarditis, we investigated the role of TRIF in induced myocarditis in mice. Whereas C57BL/6 (wild-type) mice showed only mild myocarditis, including normal survival postinfection with coxsackievirus group B serotype 3 (CVB3), infection of TRIF−/− mice led to the induction of cardiac remodeling, severe heart failure, and 100% mortality (p &lt; 0.0001). These mice showed markedly reduced virus control in cardiac tissues and cardiomyocytes. This was accompained with dynamic cardiac cytokine activation in the heart, including a suppression of the antiviral cytokine IFN-β in the early viremic phase. TRIF−/− myocytes displayed a TLR4-dependent suppression of IFN-β, and pharmacological treatment of CVB3-infected TRIF−/− mice with murine IFN-β led to improved virus control and reduced cardiac inflammation. Additionally, this treatment within the viremic phase of myocarditis showed a significant long-term outcome indexed by reduced mortality (20 versus 100%; p &lt; 0.001). TRIF is essential toward a cardioprotection against CVB3 infection.
Hapten Application to the Skin Induces an Inflammatory Program Directing Hapten-Primed Effector CD8 T Cell Interaction with Hapten-Presenting Endothelial Cells
Authors: Kish Danielle D. , Volokh Nina , Baldwin William M. , Fairchild Robert L. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Contact hypersensitivity is a CD8 T cell-mediated response to hapten sensitization and challenge of the skin. Effector CD8 T cell recruitment into the skin parenchyma to elicit the response to hapten challenge requires prior CXCL1/KC-directed neutrophil infiltration within 3–6 h after challenge and is dependent on IFN-γ and IL-17 produced by the hapten-primed CD8 T cells. Mechanisms directing hapten-primed CD8 T cell localization and activation in the Ag challenge site to induce this early CXCL1 production in response to 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene were investigated. Both TNF-α and IL-17, but not IFN-γ, mRNA was detectable within 1 h of hapten challenge of sensitized mice and increased thereafter. Expression of ICAM-1 was observed by 1 h after challenge of sensitized and nonsensitized mice and was dependent on TNF-α. The induction of IL-17, IFN-γ, and CXCL1 in the challenge site was not observed when ICAM-1 was absent or neutralized by specific Ab. During the elicitation of the contact hypersensitivity response, endothelial cells expressed ICAM-1 and produced CXCL1 suggesting this as the site of CD8 T cell localization and activation. Endothelial cells isolated from challenged skin of naive and sensitized mice had acquired the hapten and the ability to activate hapten-primed CD8 T cell cytokine production. These results indicate that hapten application to the skin of sensitized animals initiates an inflammatory response promoting hapten-primed CD8 T cell localization to the challenge site through TNF-α–induced ICAM-1 expression and CD8 T cell activation to produce IFN-γ and IL-17 through endothelial cell presentation of hapten.
Cutting Edge: Selective Role of Ubiquitin in MHC Class I Antigen Presentation
Authors: Huang Lan , Marvin Julie M. , Tatsis Nia , Eisenlohr Laurence C. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe importance of ubiquitination in MHC class I-restricted Ag processing remains unclear. To address this issue, we overexpressed wild-type and dominant-negative lysineless forms of ubiquitin (Ub) in mammalian cells using an inducible vaccinia virus system. Overexpression of the lysineless Ub nearly abrogated polyubiquitination and potently inhibited epitope presentation from a cytosolic N-end rule substrate as well as endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-targeted model Ags. In contrast, there was little impact on Ag presentation from cytosolic proteins. These trends were location dependent; redirecting cytosolic Ag to the ER rendered presentation lysineless Ub-sensitive, whereas retargeting exocytic Ag to the cytosol had the inverse effect. This dichotomy was further underscored by small interfering RNA knockdown of the ER-associated Ub ligase Hrd1. Thus, Ub-dependent degradation appears to play a major role in the MHC class I-restricted processing of ER-targeted proteins and a more restricted role in the processing of cytosolic proteins.
Bivariate population balance model of ethanol‐fueled spray combustors
Authors: Rosner Daniel E. , Arias‐Zugasti Manuel 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe present a bivariate population balance‐based formulation of the performance of well‐mixed adiabatic combustors fed by ethanol (EtOH)‐containing sprays of prescribed droplet size distribution (DSD) and composition. Our historically interesting example is the fuel‐cooled V‐2 chemical rocket—using 75 wt % EtOH + H2O solution, and oxidizer O2(L). Of special interest are the predicted combustion “intensity” (GW/m3) and efficiency (EtOH fraction vaporized) at each ratio of combustor mean residence time to feed‐droplet characteristic vaporization time. Our formulation exploits a quasi‐steady, gas‐diffusion‐controlled individual droplet evaporation rate law, and the method‐of‐characteristics to solve the associated first‐order population balance partial differential equation governing the joint distribution function n(m1, m2) of the fuel spray exiting such a chamber, where m1 = EtOH mass/droplet, and m2 = H2O mass/droplet. Besides the combustor efficiency and intensity, this bivariate distribution function enables predictions of corresponding unconditional DSD, and the joint distribution function(diam., droplet temperature)—perhaps measurable. Our numerically exact formulation/results also provide valuable test cases for convenient approximate methods (bivariate moment and spectral/weighted residual) to predict these “correlated” bivariate distribution functions in more complex situations. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Hydrochloric acid‐catalyzed levulinic acid formation from cellulose: data and kinetic model to maximize yields
Authors: Shen Jiacheng , Wyman Charles E. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn this study, the kinetics of the acid catalyzed hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel PH101) to levulinic (LA) and formic (FA) acids was investigated in a batch reactor over the following range of conditions: 160–200°C, hydrochloric acid concentrations of 0.309–0.927 M (11.3–33.8 g/l), cellulose concentrations of 49.8–149 mM (8.06–24.1 g/l), and residence times of 0–50 min. The maximum LA yield of around 60% of theoretical was achieved for an initial cellulose concentration of 99.6 mM, acid concentration 0.927 M, and 180–200°C. A mathematical model and its analytical solution were developed to predict conversion of cellulose to LA and FA through glucose and hydroxymethyl‐2‐furfural based on an irreversible pseudo‐first order reaction. Rate analysis of each reaction indicated that the rate‐controlling step shifted from LA formation initially to HMF formation later. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Lagrangian tools for the analysis of mixing in single‐phase and multiphase flow systems
Authors: Guida Antonio , Nienow Alvin W. , Barigou Mostafa 
Published: January 2011

AbstractMixing is intrinsically a Lagrangian process and, while Eulerian data are very important, Lagrangian information is necessary for its complete description. Lagrangian data can, in principle, be generated by using numerical simulations or experimental techniques based on Lagrangian tracking to provide the trajectories of fluid elements or particles. We present a set of theoretical and computational tools specifically developed for the analysis and validation of single‐phase and multiphase Lagrangian flow data obtained from tracer trajectories in mechanically agitated vessels. The implementation and power of these tools are demonstrated by analyzing a wide range of measurements acquired using the technique of positron emission particle tracking during mixing of Newtonian and non‐Newtonian fluids as well as mixing of concentrated solid–liquid suspensions. Finally, the accuracy of the raw Lagrangian data treatment developed here is illustrated by comparing with an Eulerian technique and showing very precise mass continuity for an agitated solid–liquid system. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
The propagation of pressure in a gelled waxy oil pipeline as studied by particle imaging velocimetry
Authors: El‐Gendy Husam , Alcoutlabi Mataz , Jemmett Mark , Deo Milind , Magda Jules , Venkatesan Rama , Montesi Alberto 
Published: January 2011

AbstractParaffinic crude oils in pipelines may form waxy gels during flow shutdowns. These gels can be dislodged by applying pressure if the wall shear stress, proportional to the local pressure gradient, exceeds the gel yield stress. The simplest models assume that the axial pressure profile becomes linear immediately after a jump in upstream pressure, but this fails to account for gel time‐dependent rheology or the effect of gel voids on pressure wave propagation. To investigate the former factor, pressure profile and particle imaging velocimetry (PIV) measurements were performed on a model oil gelled under pressure to reduce void formation. After a jump in upstream pressure to a value insufficient to restart flow, the axial pressure profile becomes linear in a two‐step process, with an immediate small rise in downstream pressure followed by a time‐delayed jump. The local downstream gel deformation measured by PIV exhibits similar two‐step time dependence. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Does social media improve communication? Evaluating the NIOSH science blog
Authors: Sublet Virginia , Spring Christina , Howard John ,   National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackgroundIn 2007, NIOSH created the Science Blog as its first social media channel. The blog has more than 22,000 subscribers. The purpose of the evaluation was to identify the blog community of readers, its use as a two‐way conversation channel and its effectiveness as an information resource.MethodsSeventy‐five readers randomly participated in an online survey from July 2009 to September 2009 to evaluate the Science Blog.ResultsResponses indicated that the NIOSH Science Blog was a valued social media resource. Sixty percent of participants planned to continue using the blog in the next 6 months. A significant proportion of readers reported that they would make changes in the workplace based on information obtained from the Science Blog.ConclusionsThe NIOSH Science Blog provides is a useful communication channel to provide workplace safety and health information and expand the Institute's reach to new consumers. Am. J. Ind. Med. 54:384–394, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hypoxia activates the notch signaling pathway in cells of the intervertebral disc: Implications in degenerative disc disease
Authors: Hiyama Akihiko , Skubutyte Renata , Markova Dessislava , Anderson D. Greg , Yadla Sanjay , Sakai Daisuke , Mochida Joji , Albert Todd J. , Shapiro Irving M. , Risbud Makarand V. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether hypoxia regulates Notch signaling, and whether Notch plays a role in intervertebral disc cell proliferation.MethodsReverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to measure expression of Notch signaling components in intervertebral disc tissue from mature rats and from human discs. Transfections were performed to determine the effects of hypoxia and Notch on target gene activity.ResultsCells of the nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus of rat disc tissue expressed components of the Notch signaling pathway. Expression of Notch‐2 was higher than that of the other Notch receptors in both the nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus. In both tissues, hypoxia increased Notch1 and Notch4 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression. In the annulus fibrosus, mRNA expression of the Notch ligand Jagged1 was induced by hypoxia, while Jagged2 mRNA expression was highly sensitive to hypoxia in both tissues. A Notch signaling inhibitor, L685458, blocked hypoxic induction of the activity of the Notch‐responsive luciferase reporters 12xCSL and CBF1. Expression of the Notch target gene Hes1 was induced by hypoxia, while coexpression with the Notch–intracellular domain increased Hes1 promoter activity. Moreover, inhibition of Notch signaling blocked disc cell proliferation. Analysis of human disc tissue showed that there was increased expression of Notch signaling proteins in degenerated discs.ConclusionIn intervertebral disc cells, hypoxia promotes expression of Notch signaling proteins. Notch signaling is an important process in the maintenance of disc cell proliferation, and thus offers a therapeutic target for the restoration of cell numbers during degenerative disc disease.
Long‐term immunologically competent human peripheral lymphoid tissue cultures in a 3D bioreactor
Authors: Kuzin Igor , Sun Hongliang , Moshkani Safiekhatoon , Feng Changyong , Mantalaris Athanasios , Wu J.H. David , Bottaro Andrea 
Published: January 2011

AbstractPeripheral lymphoid organs (PLOs), the primary sites of development of adaptive immune responses, display a complex structural organization reflecting separation of cellular subsets (e.g., T and B lymphocytes) and functional compartments which is critical for immune function. The generation of in vitro culture systems capable of recapitulating salient features of PLOs for experimental, biotechnological, and clinical applications would be highly desirable, but has been hampered so far by the complexity of these systems. We have previously developed a three‐dimensional bioreactor system for long‐term, functional culture of human bone marrow cells on macroporous microspheres in a packed‐bed bioreactor with frequent medium change. Here we adapt the same system for culture of human primary cells from PLOs (tonsil) in the absence of specific exogenous growth factors or activators. Cells in this system displayed higher viability over several weeks, and maintain population diversity and cell surface markers largely comparable to primary cells. Light microscopy showed cells organizing in large diverse clusters within the scaffold pores and presence of B cell‐enriched areas. Strikingly, these cultures generated a significant number of antibody‐producing B cells when challenged with a panel of diverse antigens, as expected from a lymphoid tissue. Thus the three‐dimensional tonsil bioreactor culture system may serve as a useful model of PLOs by recapitulating their structural organization and function ex vivo. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011; 108:1430–1440. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and Radioprotective Properties of Pulvinic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Le Roux Antoine , Meunier Stéphane , Le Gall Thierry , Denis Jean‐Marc , Bischoff Pierre , Wagner Alain 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA high‐throughput screening method has highlighted the marked antioxidant activity of some pulvinic acid derivatives (PADs) towards oxidation of thymidine, under γ and UV irradiation, and Fenton‐like conditions. Here, we report the synthesis of a series of new hydrophilic PADs and the evaluation of their radioprotective efficacy in cell culture. Using a cell‐based fluorescent assay, we show that some of these compounds have a pronounced ability to prevent cell death caused by radiation and to allow the subsequent resumption of proliferation. Thus, PADs may be considered as a novel class of radioprotective agents.
Association between mitochondrial DNA content in leukocytes and colorectal cancer risk
Authors: Qu Falin , Liu Xiaonan , Zhou Feng , Yang Hushan , Bao Guoqiang , He Xianli , Xing Jinliang 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Compelling epidemiological evidence indicated that alterations of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), including mutations and abnormal content of mtDNA, were implicated in the tumorigenesis of several malignancies in a tumor‐specific manner, such as lung cancer, breast cancer, and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma. This study was undertaken to investigate whether mtDNA content in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) could be used as a risk predictor for colorectal cancer (CRC).METHODS:The mtDNA content was measured by using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction in PBLs from 320 CRC patients and 320 matched controls.RESULTS:The authors found that CRC patients exhibited statistically significantly higher mtDNA content than matched controls (median, 1.03 vs .86; P < .001). They further assessed the association between mtDNA content and CRC risk using multivariate logistic regression. By using the median value in controls as the cutoff point, they found that, compared with low mtDNA content, high mtDNA content was associated with a significantly increased CRC risk (adjusted odds ratio, 2.03; 95% confidence interval, 1.41‐2.81). In a trend analysis, they found a statistically significant dose‐response relationship between higher mtDNA content and increased CRC risk (P for trend <.001). Stratified analysis showed that the association between mtDNA content and CRC risk was not modulated by major host characteristics.CONCLUSIONS:These findings provide the first epidemiological evidence linking the high mtDNA content in PBLs to elevated CRC risk. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Synthesis and tribological properties of hexagonal titanium silicon carbide crystals
Authors: Wu Qiong , Tang Hua , Li Changsheng , Yang Xiaofei , Song Haojie , Chen Kangmin 
Published: January 2011

AbstractHexagonal titanium silicon carbide (Ti3SiC2) crystals were prepared by vacuum sintering of Ti, Si, and C powders at 1300 °C. The microstructure and grain deformations of Ti3SiC2 were examined by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The tribological properties of hexagonal Ti3SiC2 crystals as lubrication additive in HVI500 base oil were investigated by a UMT‐2 ball‐on‐plate friction and wear tester. The Ti3SiC2 additives exhibited good friction reduction. Under determinate conditions, the friction coefficient of base oil containing Ti3SiC2 crystals is lower than that of pure base oil. The base oil with 3.0 wt.% hexagonal Ti3SiC2 crystals presented good anti‐wear capability. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Hydrothermal synthesis of CdSe hierarchical microspheres
Authors: Liu Xiaodi , Guo Ge , Bao Keyan , Liang Bingyu 
Published: January 2011

AbstractCdSe hierarchical microspheres have been successfully synthesized by a hydrothermal route at 120 °C for 16 h via a reaction between CdCl2 and Na2SeSO3 in ionic liquid (1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bromide)‐water mixed medium. The structure and morphology of the as‐prepared products have been investigated by XRD and SEM, and the results indicate that the CdSe hierarchical microspheres have wurtzite structures and are self‐assembled by nanorods. It has been found that ionic liquid, reaction temperature, and reaction time have influence on the morphology of the products. The possible growth mechanism of CdSe with special morphology has been discussed. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The chemokine receptor CXCR7 functions to regulate cardiac valve remodeling
Authors: Yu Sangho , Crawford Dianna , Tsuchihashi Takatoshi , Behrens Timothy W. , Srivastava Deepak 
Published: January 2011

AbstractCXCR7 (RDC1), a G‐protein‐coupled receptor with conserved motifs characteristic of chemokine receptors, is enriched in endocardial and cushion mesenchymal cells in developing hearts, but its function is unclear. Cxcr7 germline deletion resulted in perinatal lethality with complete penetrance. Mutant embryos exhibited aortic and pulmonary valve stenosis due to semilunar valve thickening, with occasional ventricular septal defects. Semilunar valve mesenchymal cell proliferation increased in mutants from embryonic day 14 onward, but the cell death rate remained unchanged. Cxcr7 mutant valves had increased levels of phosphorylated Smad1/5/8, indicating increased BMP signaling, which may partly explain the thickened valve leaflets. The hyperproliferative phenotype appeared to involve Cxcr7 function in endocardial cells and their mesenchymal derivatives, as Tie2‐Cre Cxcr7flox/− mice had semilunar valve stenosis. Thus, CXCR7 is involved in semilunar valve development, possibly by regulating BMP signaling, and may contribute to aortic and pulmonary valve stenosis. Developmental Dynamics 240:384–393, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.