bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RELIGIOUS AND SECULAR DEATH: A PARTING OF THE WAYS
Authors: TONTI‐FILIPPINI NICHOLAS 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTMost organized religions have indicated a level of support for organ donation including the diagnosis of death by the brain criterion. Organ donation is seen as a gift of love and fits within a communitarian ethos that most religions embrace. The acceptance of the determination of death by the brain criterion, where it has been explained, is reconciled with religious views of soul and body by using a notion of integration. Because the soul may be seen as that which integrates the human body, in the absence of any other signs of human functioning, loss of integration is considered to be an indication that soul and body have separated. To some extent this view would seem to be informed by an Aristotelian notion of the soul, but it fits well enough with religious notions of the person continuing after death.There have been several developments internationally that indicate that the acceptance of so‐called ‘brain death’ by organized religions has been challenged by new developments including the acceptance of a lesser standard than loss of all brain function and a rejection by the US President's Council on Bioethics of the notion of loss of integration as an explanation of death by the brain criterion.
THE OPTIMAL MINIMUM WAGE FOR POVERTY MINIMIZATION
Authors: Goto Hideaki 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper characterizes the poverty minimizing minimum wage, and shows how it varies as productivity, inequality and market competitiveness change. We show that the optimal minimum wage is equal to the competitive wage only in special cases. In general, the former is higher than the latter. Thus, poverty minimization does not coincide with employment maximization. We also show that the optimal minimum wage always rises with productivity and, under certain conditions, falls with competitiveness and inequality. Furthermore, the higher the competitiveness and inequality, the more the optimal wage rises with productivity.
EXACT RELATIONS BETWEEN FOUR DEFINITIONS OF PRODUCTIVITY INDICES AND INDICATORS
Authors: Briec Walter , Kerstens Kristiaan , Peypoch Nicolas 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTGeneralizing earlier approximation results, we establish exact relations between the Luenberger productivity indicator and the Malmquist productivity index under rather mild assumptions. Furthermore, we show that similar exact relations can be established between the Luenberger–Hicks–Moorsteen indicator and the Hicks–Moorsteen index.
INCOME INEQUALITY AND POLITICAL POLARIZATION AND FRACTURALIZATION:AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF SOME EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
Authors: Akdede Sacit Hadi 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the relationship between economic inequality and the distribution of votes among political parties, namely political polarization and fracturalization. Economic inequality is captured by the Gini index, whereas new measures of political polarization and fracturalization are offered. This is the first paper to calculate political polarization and fracturalization indices by a methodology previously used for ethnic, religious and linguistic polarization and fracturalization. Empirical analysis uses data for 17 European countries and for three decades, 1980s, 1990s and 2000s. It is shown that increased income inequality increases political party polarization and reduces fracturalization and that political party polarization decreases with increased GDP per capita.
Person × Context Effects on Anticipated Moral Emotions Following Aggression
Authors: Roos Sanna , Salmivalli Christina , Hodges Ernest V. E. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe investigated person (sex, aggression level), context (witness type, victim reactions), and person × context effects on children's anticipated moral emotions following hypothetical acts of aggression against a peer. Children (N = 378, mean age = 11.3 years) were presented a series of hypothetical vignettes in which the presence of witnesses (no witnesses/most liked classmates/all of the class) and victim's reactions (neutral/ sad/ angry) were manipulated. The results indicated several person effects (e.g., girls anticipated more guilt and shame but less pride than boys; aggressiveness was related to less guilt and shame), as well as context effects (e.g., anticipated shame depended on who witnessed the situation and the emotional reactions of the victim). However, person × context effects predominated. The overall pattern of results indicated that girls and low‐aggressive children were more sensitive to contextual cues than boys and high‐aggressive children. The findings support the importance of a person × context approach to understanding the emotional reactions of different children in different situations.
Cyber Aggression: The Relation between Online Offenders and Offline Social Competence
Authors: Schoffstall Corrie L. , Cohen Robert 
Published: March 2011

AbstractChildren are increasingly using computer technologies to engage in acts of aggression against peers, often termed ‘cyber aggression’. Media reports have sensationalized instances of cyber aggression, and social scientists have begun to examine its characteristics and consequences. Using a younger sample of children than most previous research (192 third‐ through sixth‐grade children), the present research evaluated grade and gender effects on cyber aggression and, most importantly, evaluated the classroom peer social consequences of engaging in cyber aggression, after controlling for traditional, face‐to‐face aggression. Children reported engaging in cyber aggression at comparable rates across grades and between males and females. Engaging in cyber aggression was related to higher rates of loneliness and lower rates of global self‐worth, peer optimism, number of mutual friendships, social acceptability, and popularity. In short, after controlling for effects attributable to traditional aggression, cyber aggression was related to significant negative peer relations outcomes.
Supporting activity modelling from activity traces
Authors: Georgeon Olivier L. , Mille Alain , Bellet Thierry , Mathern Benoit , Ritter Frank E. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe present a new method and tool for activity modelling through qualitative sequential data analysis. In particular, we address the question of constructing a symbolic abstract representation of an activity from an activity trace. We use knowledge engineering techniques to help the analyst build an ontology of the activity, that is, a set of symbols and hierarchical semantics that supports the construction of activity models. The ontology construction is pragmatic, evolutionist and driven by the analyst in accordance with their modelling goals and their research questions. Our tool helps the analyst define transformation rules to process the raw trace into abstract traces based on the ontology. The analyst visualizes the abstract traces and iteratively tests the ontology, the transformation rules and the visualization format to confirm the models of activity. With this tool and this method, we found innovative ways to represent a car‐driving activity at different levels of abstraction from activity traces collected from an instrumented vehicle. As examples, we report two new strategies of lane changing on motorways that we have found and modelled with this approach.
Increased levels of circulating SDF‐1α and CD34+ CXCR4+ cells in patients with moyamoya disease
Authors: Ni G. , Liu W. , Huang X. , Zhu S. , Yue X. , Chen Z. , Chen M. , Liu X. , Xu G. 
Published: March 2011

Background and Purpose:  Recent studies reported that peripheral blood CD34+ cells and endothelial progenitor cells contributed to angiogenesis in patients with moyamoya disease (MMD), and stromal cell‐derived factor‐1α (SDF‐1α) modulated angiogenesis by interacting with corresponding CXCR4 receptors. We investigated in this study whether SDF‐1α/CXCR4 axis involved in neovascularization in patients with MMD.Methods:  Eighteen patients with MMD and twelve healthy individuals were enrolled. Patients with MMD detected by cerebral angiography were retrieved from the Nanjing Stroke Registry Program. Peripheral whole blood cells were double stained with anti‐CD34 and anti‐CXCR4 (CD184). Numbers of CD34+ CXCR4+ cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Plasma concentration of SDF‐1α was determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.Results:  In consecutive patients with MMD, the number of CD34+ CXCR4+ cells was greater than healthy individuals (54.1 ± 28.6/μl peripheral blood (PB) versus 24.6 ± 25.6/μl PB; P = 0.015). Plasma SDF‐1α level was significantly higher in patients with MMD compared with healthy controls (1676.76 ± 198.65 pg/ml versus 1508.26 ± 137.27 pg/ml; P = 0.016). No significant correlation between number of CD34+ CXCR4+ cells and plasma SDF‐1α level in the patients with MMD was observed (r = 0.185; P = 0.46).Conclusion:  This study indicated that increased levels of circulating SDF‐1α and CD34+ CXCR4+ cells in patients with MMD, which may play an important role in the vasculogenesis in MMD.
Eyelid skin tightening: a novel ‘Niche’ for fractional CO2 rejuvenation
Authors: Bonan P. , Campolmi P. , Cannarozzo G. , Bruscino N. , Bassi A. , Betti S. , Lotti T. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackground  The periorbital area is a barometer of chronologic and environmental age for which patients usually seek rejuvenation; fractional CO2 laser plays a key role among the variety of available dermatologic treatments.Objectives  The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Fractional CO2 laser in eyelid tightening and periorbital wrinkles.Methods  Forty‐five patients received a range of 2–3 treatments in the upper, lower eyelids and periorbital area with a fractional laser device. Photographs were taken before and after each treatment and 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after the final treatment. The results were judged by three dermatologists who had not taken part in the treatments.Results  One year after the last laser session, all patients showed global improvements in eyelid skin tightening: five patients (11.1%) achieved excellent improvement, 11 patients (24.5%) marked improvement, 15 patients (33.3%) moderate improvement and 14 subjects (31.1%) slight improvement. At the 1‐year follow‐up, the percentage of subjects with a lift in their eyebrows and consequently a widened palpebral fissure was 82.2 (37 patients), whereas 17.8% (eight patients) showed no eyebrow elevation.Conclusions  Fractional CO2 laser treatments allow dermatologists to achieve notable improvements in eyelid skin tightening, and eyebrow elevation safely and without significant side‐effects.
Thyroid autoimmunity associated with recurrent aphthous stomatitis
Authors: Ozdemir I.Y. , Calka O. , Karadag A.S. , Akdeniz N. , Ozturk M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackground  Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the periodic appearance of aphthous lesions on the oral mucosa. TH1 cytokines plays a key role in the aetiopathogenesis. Autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD) is the most common autoimmune disease and is frequently accompanied by various other autoimmune diseases.Objective  To investigate the frequency of ATD which has not been studied in the patients with RAS.Methods  Ninety patients and 30 healthy volunteers were included into the study. The serum samples were assayed for thyroid stimulant hormone (TSH), free and total triiodothyronine (fT3, TT3), free and total thyroxine (fT4, TT4), thyroglobuline, anti‐thyroid peroxidase antibody (anti‐TPO) and anti‐thyroglobuline antibody (anti‐TG) levels. Thyroid ultrasonography was performed as well.Results  In RAS patients, the fT3, TT3 levels were higher; whereas the fT4 levels were lower that the control group (P < 0.05). The anti‐thyroid antibody was positive in 31.11% of the patients with RAS, and in only 10% of the individuals in the control group (P < 0.05). The mean anti‐TG level was also higher in the RAS group. Ultrasonography revealed nodules in 28.8% of the patients with RAS and in 16.7% of the individuals in the control group (P < 0.05). The sT4 levels were lower and the TSH, anti‐TPO and anti‐TG levels were significantly higher in the RAS patients with thyroid nodules than the RAS patients without nodules (P < 0.05).Discussion  These results may be related to either the advance age of the patients or the increased duration of the autoimmune activation which may affect the thyroid.Conclusions  The frequency of thyroid autoimmune‐related problems was higher in patients with RAS. It would be worthy of searching autoimmune thyroid disorders in patients with RAS.
Safety of treatment with biologics for psoriasis in daily practice: 5‐year data
Authors: van Lümig P.P.M. , Driessen R.J.B. , Berends M.A.M. , Boezeman J.B.M. , van de Kerkhof P.C.M. , de Jong E.M.G.J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackground  The cumulative exposition to biologics is increasing with prolonged treatment with a certain biologic or consecutive biological treatment. However, long‐term safety data are limited available.Objectives  The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the 5‐year safety of biological treatment for psoriasis in daily practice.Methods  A cohort of 173 psoriasis patients on biologics was prospectively followed for 5 years. All adverse events reported were documented and analysed. Primary endpoint was the percentage of patients reporting at least one serious adverse event. The rate of malignancies, serious infections and serious cardiovascular events was compared with the general population incidence rate. The nature and rate of dermatological adverse events was compared with a group of prospectively followed rheumatoid arthritis patients on TNF‐α blocking therapy.Results  Between February 2005 and April 2010, 173 patients were enrolled in the registry and went through a total number of 263 treatment episodes. The total number of patient‐years of follow‐up in the registry was 409. The number of patient‐years was the highest for etanercept. Forty‐nine patients (28%) reported 88 serious adverse events. Only one serious adverse event was certainly causally related to the biologic and 21 events (24% of SAEs) were considered possibly related. The incidence of malignancies, serious infections and serious cardiovascular events was comparable with the population incidence rate, except for skin malignancies. The incidence of skin malignancies was significantly higher than the general population incidence rate. The nature and rate of dermatological adverse events differed from the rheumatoid arthritis cohort.Conclusions  In this cohort, the safety of biological therapies for psoriasis was favourable with a low incidence of therapy‐related serious adverse events.
Caregiver and Noncaregiver Attitudes Toward Dementia Screening
Authors: Boustani Malaz A. , Justiss Michael D. , Frame Amie , Austrom Mary G. , Perkins Anthony J. , Cai Xueya , Sachs Greg A. , Torke Alexia M. , Monahan Patrick , Hendrie Hugh C. 
Published: March 2011

OBJECTIVES: To compare attitudes toward dementia screening of older adults with and without an experience of dementia caregiving.DESIGN: A cross‐sectional study.SETTING: Primary care clinics in Indianapolis, Indiana.PARTICIPANTS: Eighty‐one participants with dementia caregiving experience (CG) and a random sample of 125 participants without dementia caregiving experience (NCG).MEASUREMENTS: Attitudes of dementia screening, including acceptance of dementia screening and its perceived harms and benefits, as determined according to the Perceptions Regarding Investigational Screening for Memory in Primary Care questionnaire.RESULTS: After adjusting for age, race, sex, and education, CGs had a lower dementia screening acceptance mean score (53.9 vs 60.6; P=.03) and a higher perceived suffering score (61.6 vs 55.9, P=.04) than NCGs, but there were no differences in perceived benefits of dementia screening (72.8 vs 69.0; P=.50), perceived stigma (32.9 vs 37.5; P=.12), and perceived negative effect on independence (47.6 vs 54.0; P=.20). The top three barriers to screening identified by both groups were emotional suffering by the family (86% of CGs and 75% of NCGs), loss of driving privileges (75% of CGs and 78% of NCGs), and becoming depressed (64% of CGs and 43% of NCGs).CONCLUSION: The experience of being a dementia caregiver may influence one's own attitude about accepting dementia screening for oneself.
Prosthodontic Treatment of a Class IV ACP PDI Patient, with Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH)
Authors: Papavasiliou George , Kamposiora Phophi , Sklavounou Alexandra , Christopoulos Panos 
Published: March 2011

AbstractLangerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a disease of unknown etiology with a frustrating and unpredictable course. Surviving adult patients suffering from the multisystem type of the disease present with problems in most organs. This article presents the oral rehabilitation of a 28‐year‐old patient, with multisystem sequelae that included the oral cavity, classifying him as a Class IV American College of Prosthodontists Prosthodontic Diagnostic Index patient. A 5‐year course of treatment is analyzed, starting from merely replacing missing teeth with a removable partial denture. The second stage of prosthetic rehabilitation included replacement of the removable prosthesis with fixed partial dentures. The final and most important aspect of treatment was the 2‐year follow‐up, when the patient presented with no problems or adverse effects. The purpose of this presentation is to offer an insight to prosthodontic treatment possibilities for patients suffering from multisystem LCH and to show the value of a “team approach” to achieving a positive outcome.
Multidisciplinary Management of Limited Interocclusal Space: A Clinical Report
Authors: Geckili Onur , Sakar Olcay , Yurdakuloglu Tugce , Firatli Sonmez , Bilhan Hakan , Katiboglu Bulent 
Published: March 2011

AbstractProsthetic management of partial edentulism can be challenging with the presence of limited interocclusal space. The extrusion of opposing teeth combined with the alveolar extrusion of the edentulous areas reduces the space needed for fabricating a removable or fixed prosthesis when edentulous areas are present in the maxilla. This clinical report describes the treatment provided to a patient who presented with a limited interocclusal space on the posterior right quadrant. Before prosthetic rehabilitation, mandibular right posterior teeth were intruded, and the maxillary right posterior alveolar crest was reduced by alveoloplasty. After gaining adequate space, prosthetic rehabilitation was completed with a maxillary removable partial denture. During the 2‐year follow‐up period, the patient's chewing functions and physical appearance improved, and no complications occurred.
Recruitment of platelets, white blood cells, and hematopoietic progenitor cells during high‐yield plateletpheresis
Authors: Fontana Stefano , Rados Lenka , Schmid Pirmin , Leibundgut Elisabeth Oppliger , Taleghani Behrouz Mansouri 
Published: March 2011

BACKGROUND: Previous observations suggested recruitment of platelets (PLTs) and white blood cells (WBCs) during plateletpheresis and recruitment of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) by HPC apheresis. Quantification of recruitment helps to optimize yields and safety of these procedures; detection of WBC or HPC recruitment during plateletpheresis may further elucidate the mechanisms.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This study was a prospective cohort study with 68 single‐needle plateletpheresis donations (23 double, PLT yield ≥4.8 × 1011; 23 triple, ≥7.2 × 1011; 22 quadruple, ≥9.6 × 1011). We measured PLTs, WBCs, WBC subpopulations, and circulating HPCs (CD34 mRNA) before, during, and after apheresis; calculated PLT recruitment and ratio of recruited to yielded PLT; and propose a novel concept to optimize the prediction of the PLT counts after apheresis (PLTpost).RESULTS: PLT recruitment (mean ± SD, 1.56 ± 0.31) caused a higher PLTpost than predicted by the instrument (164 × 109 ± 23 × 109 vs. 111 × 109 ± 31 × 109/L; p < 0.0001) in all three groups. The ratio of recruited to yielded PLT was 0.36 ± 0.15. The WBC count decreased by 9% to the time before rinse‐back and returned to the baseline thereafter. No changes in circulating HPCs occurred.CONCLUSIONS: PLT recruitment during high‐yield plateletpheresis facilitates the harvest of multiple PLT units in a single donation. The use of the ratio of recruited to yielded PLT may optimize the algorithm to predict PLTpost. There was no recruitment of WBCs and HPCs during plateletpheresis. Therefore, the previously observed recruitment of HPCs during HPC apheresis seems to be related to other factors than the apheresis procedure itself.
Reduction of Right Ventricular Pacing with Advanced Atrioventricular Search Hysteresis: Results of the PREVENT Study
Authors: KOLB CHRISTOF , SCHMIDT ROLAND , DIETL JOSEF U. , WEYERBROCK SONJA , MORGENSTERN MARTIN , FLECKENSTEIN MARTIN , BEIER THOMAS , VON BARY CHRISTIAN , MACKES KARL G. , WIDMAIER JOCHEN , KREUZER JÖRG , SEMMLER VERENA , ZRENNER BERNHARD ,   on behalf of the PREVENT study group
Published: March 2011

Background: Right ventricular pacing predisposes to the development of heart failure and atrial fibrillation. Automatic atrioventricular search hysteresis (AVSH) is a commonly used strategy to decrease the percentage of right ventricular pacing (%VP) in patients without permanent AV block, but the results have not been optimal.
Methods: The randomized, crossover PREVENT study evaluated whether an enhanced AVSH with two new features can reduce %VP compared with standard AVSH. The new features are the repetitive hysteresis [switch from extended to basic AV delay after a consistent loss of intrinsic AV conduction (IAVC) lasting for six consecutive atrial cycles] and the scan hysteresis (periodic IAVC search extension over six consecutive atrial cycles). Both standard AVSH and enhanced AVSH performed a periodic IAVC search every 180 cardiac cycles and operated with a basic AV‐delay of 225 ms and a rate‐independent maximum AV‐delay of 300 ms for paced and sensed atrial events.
Results: Among 178 patients, 53.4% had no evidence of AV block at enrollment and 46.6% had history of intermittent AV block. The median %VP was decreased by enhanced AVSH compared to standard AVSH (4.0% vs 5.5%, P < 0.001), particularly in patients with a history of AV block (21.4% vs 25.5%, P < 0.001). The primary study hypothesis that 25% of all patients would experience > 20% relative %VP reduction was not met as 46 (25.8%) patients (95% confidence interval, 20.5–31.8%) presented such relative reduction.
Conclusion: The enhanced AVSH algorithm reduces %VP compared with standard AVSH in patients with intermittent AV block. (PACE 2011; 34:975–983)