bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurons with GABAergic phenotype in the visual system of Drosophila
Authors: Raghu Shamprasad Varija , Claussen Jing , Borst Alexander 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe visual system of Drosophila contains ∼60,000 neurons per hemisphere that are organized in parallel, retinotopically arranged columns. The neuroanatomy of these neurons has been mapped in considerable detail at both the light and ultrastructural level. However, studies providing direct evidence for synaptic signaling and the neurotransmitter used by individual neurons are relatively sparse. Here we characterize those neurons in the Drosophila optic lobes that possibly release gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter of the insect central nervous system. We identified 26 different types of neurons of the lamina, medulla, lobula, and lobula plate. Based on the previous Golgi‐staining analysis (Fischbach and Dittrich [1989] Cell Tissue Res 258:441–475), the identified neurons are further classified into 11 major subgroups representing lamina monopolar (L), medulla intrinsic (Mi, Mt), bushy T (T), transmedullary (Tm), transmedullary Y (TmY), Y, lobula‐complex intrinsic (Lccn), lobula columnar (Lcn), lobula plate intrinsic (Lpi), and lobula tangential (Lt) cell types. This detailed map of neurons with GABAergic phenotype will contribute to the future neurogenetic dissection of information processing circuits in the fly visual system. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:252–265, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Males but not females show differences in calbindin immunoreactivity in the dorsal thalamus of the mouse model of fragile X syndrome
Authors: Giráldez‐Pérez Rosa M. , Ávila M. Nieves , Feijóo‐Cuaresma Mónica , Heredia Raúl , De Diego‐Otero Yolanda , Real M. Ángeles , Guirado Salvador 
Published: August 2012

AbstractFragile X syndrome (FXS), the most common form of inherited mental retardation, is caused by the loss of the Fmr1 gene product, fragile X mental retardation protein. Here we analyze the immunohistochemical expression of calcium‐binding proteins in the dorsal thalamus of Fmr1 knockout mice of both sexes and compare it with that of wildtype littermates. The spatial distribution pattern of calbindin‐immunoreactive cells in the dorsal thalamus was similar in wildtype and knockout mice but there was a notable reduction in calbindin‐immunoreactive cells in midline/intralaminar/posterior dorsal thalamic nuclei of male Fmr1 knockout mice. We counted the number of calbindin‐immunoreactive cells in 18 distinct nuclei of the dorsal thalamus. Knockout male mice showed a significant reduction in calbindin‐immunoreactive cells (range: 36–67% lower), whereas female knockout mice did not show significant differences (in any dorsal thalamic nucleus) when compared with their wildtype littermates. No variation in the calretinin expression pattern was observed throughout the dorsal thalamus. The number of calretinin‐immunoreactive cells was similar for all experimental groups as well. Parvalbumin immunoreactivity was restricted to fibers and neuropil in the analyzed dorsal thalamic nuclei, and presented no differences between genotypes. Midline/intralaminar/posterior dorsal thalamic nuclei are involved in forebrain circuits related to memory, nociception, social fear, and auditory sensory integration; therefore, we suggest that downregulation of calbindin protein expression in the dorsal thalamus of male knockout mice should be taken into account when analyzing behavioral studies in the mouse model of FXS. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:894–911, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sputter power and sputter pressure influenced structural and optical behaviour of RF sputtered nanocrystalline ZnO films
Authors: Reddy R. Subba , Reddy A. Sivasankar , Radhakrishna B. , Uthanna S. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractZinc oxide thin films were deposited on p‐type (100) silicon and Corning glass substrate by using RF magnetron sputtering at different sputter powers range 100–200 W and sputter pressures range 2–8 Pa. The deposited films were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscope and UV‐Vis‐NIR spectrophotometer. The films formed at sputter power of 100 W consists of weak (100) reflection and then sputter power increased to 150 W additional (110) reflection was present with enhancement in the intensity of (100) peak. Further increase of sputtering power to 200 W the intensity of (100) phase decreased with the presence of additional peaks of (002) and (101) of ZnO. The FTIR analysis confirms the Zn‐O absorption band was located at 414 cm‐1. The optical band gap of zinc oxide films decreased from 3.28 to 3.07 eV with increase of sputter power from 100 to 200 W. The maximum crystallite size of 21 nm, the root mean square roughness of 7.2 nm was found at films formed at working pressure of 5 Pa. The optical transmittance of the films increased from 88 to 96% and then decreased to 84% with increase of sputter pressure from 2 to 8 Pa.
Out ofFlorida: mtDNAreveals patterns of migration andPleistocene range expansion of theGreenAnole lizard (Anolis carolinensis)
Authors: Campbell‐Staton Shane C. , Goodman Rachel M. , Backström Niclas , Edwards Scott V. , Losos Jonathan B. , Kolbe Jason J. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAnolis carolinensisis an emerging model species and the sole member of its genus native to theUnitedStates. Considerable morphological and physiological variation has been described in the species, and the recent sequencing of its genome makes it an attractive system for studies of genome variation. To inform future studies of molecular and phenotypic variation withinA. carolinensis, a rigorous account of intraspecific population structure and relatedness is needed. Here, we present the most extensive phylogeographic study of this species to date. Phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrialDNAsequence data support the previous hypothesis of a westernCuban origin of the species. We found five well‐supported, geographically distinct mitochondrial haplotype clades throughout the southeasternUnitedStates. MostFlorida populations fall into one of three divergent clades, whereas the vast majority of populations outsideFlorida belong to a single, shallowly diverged clade. Genetic boundaries do not correspond to major rivers, but may reflect effects of Pleistocene glaciation events and theAppalachianMountains on migration and expansion of the species. Phylogeographic signal should be examined using nuclear loci to complement these findings.
Abrupt watercourse formation in a semiarid sedimentary landscape of central Argentina: the roles of forest clearing, rainfall variability and seismic activity
Authors: Contreras S. , Santoni C. S. , Jobbágy E. G. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTIn a semiarid sedimentary catchment of central Argentina, we describe a recent process of landscape dissection, abrupt canyon and watercourse formation and soil salinization. We link these adverse hydrological and geomorphological transformations to three potentially important drivers: precipitation increase, seismic activity and deforestation. Remote sensing imagery in the last 48 years showed an exponential increase in the length of streams, with drainage density values tripling to reach 0.22 km km2. During the same period, forest area declined from 47% to 10%, at the expense of agriculture expansion. A 3.4‐fold expansion of surface water bodies and water table level raise of 0.15 m y−1over the last 35 years was observed. Discharge of a new stream at the middle of the basin ranged between 0.25 and 0.45 m3s−1accompanied by a large and stable load of salts (~0.7 g l−1). Nil recharge and large vadose accumulation of salts in dry forests stands contrasted with recharge rates of ~16 mm y−1and salt‐leached profiles under agriculture. Although the process of landscape dissection occurred during decades of higher than average precipitation, extreme rainfall events and seismic activity were not exceptional in that period. Results suggest that the replacement of forests by annual crops played a more important role, reducing evapotranspiration, triggering the onset of groundwater recharge and favouring subsurface through piping/sapping processes. The abrupt landscape dissection shows no signs of stabilization at the present and may only be ameliorated through changes in vegetation that restore the original non‐flow condition of the forest. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Calixarene‐Supported Polynuclear Cobalt(II) Cluster Complexes Tuned by Substitution Groups of the Second Bridging Ligands
Authors: Liu Cai‐Ming , Zhang De‐Qing , Hao Xiang , Zhu Dao‐Ben 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA wheel‐like dodecanuclear cobalt(II) cluster complex [Co12(TBSOC)4(5‐NH2‐tz)8(CH3OH)6]·3H2O·5CH3OH (1, 5‐NH2‐tzH = 5‐amino‐1H‐tetrazole) and an irregular rod‐like tetradecanuclear cobalt(II) cluster complex [Co14(OH)2(TBSOC)4(5‐ph‐tz)10(5‐ph‐tzH)2(CH3OH)2]·16·5H2O·2CH3OH(2, 5‐ph‐tzH = 5‐phenyl‐1H‐tetrazole) were solvothermally synthesized by using p‐tert‐butylsulfonylcalix[4]arene (H4TBSOC) and 5‐subst‐1H‐tetrazoles as ligands. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses revealed that the 5‐substituent groups of the 1H‐tetrazole bridging ligands have asignificant influence on the structure of the polynuclear cobalt(II) cluster complexes: 1 shows a closed wheel‐like structure whereas 2 an open rod‐like structure. A magnetic investigation indicated that both complexes exhibit antiferromagnetic properties.
Glycosylated Eumelanin Building Blocks by Thioglycosylation of 5,6‐Diacetoxyindole with an Expedient Selenium‐Based Dynamic‐Mixture Methodology
Authors: Adinolfi Matteo , d'Ischia Marco , Iadonisi Alfonso , Leone Loredana , Pezzella Alessandro , Valerio Silvia 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA series of 3‐thioglycosylated 5,6‐diacetoxyindole derivatives, which are important tools for eumelanin research and application, were prepared through a practical and efficient approach exploiting a dynamic mixture of thioglycoside agents. The strategy is feasible for installing both mono‐ and disaccharide units and relies on the facile in situ conversion of glycosyl disulfides into the corresponding, more reactive, phenylselenenyl sulfides in the presence of diphenyl diselenide, N‐bromosuccinimide (NBS) and tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB).
Activation of Si–Si Bonds for Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Conjugate Silylation
Authors: Iannazzo Laura , Molander Gary A. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractSeveral alkyl‐ and vinylsilanes were prepared through the copper(I)‐catalyzed conjugate silylation of α,β‐unsaturated compounds. Optimal reaction conditions were first investigated to realize the conjugate addition of a nucleophilic silicon species to poorly electrophilic acceptors such as phenylvinyl sulfone by cleavage of the Si–Si bond of a disilane reagent. The scope of this reaction was extended to various electrophiles bearing different electron‐withdrawing groups and afforded the desired substituted alkyl‐ and vinylsilanes. Among the wide range of commercially available disilanes, the reactivities of alkyl‐, aryl‐, and ethoxydisilane were also examined.
Acute toxicity of nanosized TiO2 to Daphnia magna under UVA irradiation
Authors: Amiano Irene , Olabarrieta Josune , Vitorica Joana , Zorita Saioa 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
The production and use of nanoparticles (NPs), especially those of titanium dioxide (TiO2) have increased steadily within the last decade. Common knowledge of photoactive nanosized TiO2 (nTiO2) effects on freshwater organisms is largely limited to acute toxicity tests without taking into consideration solar ultraviolet-A (UVA) irradiation. The authors' approach in the present study, based on a combination of a standardized ecotoxicology method (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development [OECD] test 202) and the expected solar UVA contribution, will allow a more realistic understanding of the toxicity of TiO2 to Daphnia magna. The results show that the contribution of UVA to TiO2 toxicity cannot be ignored. The half-maximal effective concentration values (median effective concentration [EC50], immobilization as the endpoint) using Organization for Standardization (ISO) test water as well as river water decreased from 29.7 to 33.6 mg/L under dark conditions to 1.2 to 3.4 mg/L TiO2 after exposure to 0.56 mW/cm2 UVA radiation. The authors also discuss possible mechanisms of NPs toxicity and the accuracy of results in terms of problems observed, such as solubilization and sedimentation of NPs, in ecotoxicological testing of nTiO2. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 2564–2566. © 2012 SETAC
PETROTOX: An aquatic toxicity model for petroleum substances
Authors: Redman Aaron D. , Parkerton Thomas F. , McGrath Joy A. , Di Toro Dominic M. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
A spreadsheet model (PETROTOX) is described that predicts the aquatic toxicity of complex petroleum substances from petroleum substance composition. Substance composition is characterized by specifying mass fractions in constituent hydrocarbon blocks (HBs) based on available analytical information. The HBs are defined by their mass fractions within a defined carbon number range or boiling point interval. Physicochemical properties of the HBs are approximated by assigning representative hydrocarbons from a database of individual hydrocarbons with associated physicochemical properties. A three-phase fate model is used to simulate the distribution of each structure among the water-, air-, and oil-phase liquid in the laboratory test system. Toxicity is then computed based on the predicted aqueous concentrations and aquatic toxicity of each structure and the target lipid model. The toxicity of the complex substance is computed assuming additivity of the contribution of the individual assigned hydrocarbons. Model performance was evaluated by using direct comparisons with measured toxicity data for petroleum substances with sufficient analytical characterization to run the model. Indirect evaluations were made by comparing predicted toxicity distributions using analytical data on petroleum substances from different product categories with independent, empirical distributions of toxicity data available for the same categories. Predictions compared favorably with measured aquatic toxicity data across different petroleum substance categories. These findings demonstrate the utility of PETROTOX for assessing environmental hazards of petroleum substances given knowledge of substance composition. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 2498–2506. © 2012 SETAC
Investigating Reliability on Fuel Cell Model Identification. Part II: An Estimation Method for Stochastic Parameters
Authors: Tsikonis L. , Diethelm S. , Seiler H. , Nakajo A. , Van herle J. , Favrat D. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAn alternative way to process data from polarization measurements for fuel cell model validation is proposed. The method is based on re‐ and subsampling of I–V data, with which repetitive estimations are obtained for the model parameters. This way statistics such as standard deviations and correlations between the parameters may be experimentally derived. Histograms may also be produced, approximating the probability distributions that they follow. Two experimental case studies are discussed. In the first case, observations are made on the behavior of the parameter values for two mathematical models. As the number of data points (measurement points) employed in the estimation of the parameters increases, parameters with high variances converge to specific values. On the contrary, parameters with small variances diverge linearly. The parameters' histograms do not usually follow normal distributions rather they show a connection between the number of peaks in the graphs and correlations of the parameters. The second case study is an application on a fast degraded SOFC button cell, where the values and the histograms of the parameters are compared before and after degradation.
How much does it cost to achieve coverage targets for primary healthcare services? A costing model from Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Abdullah Asnawi , Hort Krishna , Abidin Azwar Zaenal , Amin Fadilah M. 
Published: August 2012

SUMMARYDespite significant investment in improving service infrastructure and training of staff, public primary healthcare services in low‐income and middle‐income countries tend to perform poorly in reaching coverage targets. One of the factors identified in Aceh, Indonesia was the lack of operational funds for service provision. The objective of this study was to develop a simple and transparent costing tool that enables health planners to calculate the unit costs of providing basic health services to estimate additional budgets required to deliver services in accordance with national targets. The tool was developed using a standard economic approach that linked the input activities to achieving six national priority programs at primary healthcare level: health promotion, sanitation and environment health, maternal and child health and family planning, nutrition, immunization and communicable diseases control, and treatment of common illness. Costing was focused on costs of delivery of the programs that need to be funded by local government budgets. The costing tool consisting of 16 linked Microsoft Excel worksheets was developed and tested in several districts enabled the calculation of the unit costs of delivering of the six national priority programs per coverage target of each program (such as unit costs of delivering of maternal and child health program per pregnant mother). This costing tool can be used by health planners to estimate additional money required to achieve a certain level of coverage of programs, and it can be adjusted for different costs and program delivery parameters in different settings. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Passive and active targeting of quantum dots for whole‐body fluorescence imaging of breast cancer xenografts
Authors: Balalaeva Irina V. , Zdobnova Tatiana A. , Krutova Irina V. , Brilkina Anna A. , Lebedenko Ekaterina N. , Deyev Sergey M. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractFar‐red and near‐infrared fluorescent quantum dots (QDs) have become advancing contrast agents for efficient whole‐body tumor imaging. In this study, we investigated the possibility of the vital fluorescence imaging of tumor using two contrast agents on the basis of QDs: bioinert QDs coated with polyethyleneglycol and QDs bound with anti‐HER2/neu scFv antibodies. HER2/neu‐positive breast cancer tumor xenografts in nude mice were used as a model. It was shown that both bioinert and tumor‐targeted QD probes can be successfully applied for visualization of the tumor using in vivo imaging method, but fluorescent signal of QD‐4D5scFv in tumors was considerably stronger than that of QD‐PEG. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
MMPI profiles of men referred for a pretrial psychiatric assessment as a function of offense type
Authors: Quinsey Vernon L. , Arnold Larry S. , Pruesse Manfred G. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractGathered MMPI and demographic data on six groups of 25 men each who had been remanded by the courts to a maximum security psychiatric hospital for pretrial assessment. The groups differed according to offense type: Murder or attempted murder of a family member or girlfriend, murder or attempted murder of an unrelated victim, rape, arson, child molesting, or property. The MMPI profiles of the groups were remarkably similar, and the prediction that the murder family group would have the highest Overcontrolled Hostility scores was not supported. Multiple discriminant analyses showed that the remand's age on admission and whether he had been in corrections before the current offense were the best discriminators among the groups. These data indicate that the MMPI is not related to the offense types of mentally disordered offenders referred by the courts for assessment, but does reflect their relatively high levels of psychopathology.
Torque and cognitive ability: Some contradictions to Blau's proposals
Authors: Jarman Ronald F. , Nelson J. Gordon 
Published: August 2012

AbstractInvestigated with two spatial and language tasks Blau's (1977a) theory that clockwise directionality in circle drawing indicates neural integration difficulties. The tasks were administered to 106 children of approximately 8 years of age, and the data were analyzed for sex differences and circling behavior. None of the hypotheses based on Blau's theory was supported, and some significant results in the opposite direction to predictions were found. Aspects of the results that may be of potential future research interest are identified.
Kimura's recurring‐figures‐test: A normative study
Authors: Rixecker H. , Hartje W. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAdministered Kimura's Recurring‐Figures‐Test to 427 normal Ss from Germany. A Kuder‐Richardson test reliability of rtt = .94 was obtained. T‐scale norms are given for two subgroups of different educational level.
Heart rate changes associated with EMG and alpha biofeedback
Authors: Travis T. A. , Partlow J. , Bean J. A. , Kondo C. Y. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPhysiological concomitants of relaxation are needed to characterize objectively the response to biofeedback training. Ss (N = 30) received either alpha, EMG, or no biofeedback training. Heart rate, EMG, and alpha activity were measured in all groups. Increases in alpha and decreases in EMG were noted in their respective feedback groups. Heart rate, however, was not related systematically to these changes, and no significant changes in heart rate occurred in any group.
The MacAndrew scale as a measure of substance abuse and delinquency among adolescents
Authors: Rathus Spencer A. , Fox James Alan , Ortins J. Bradley 
Published: August 2012

AbstractUsed regression equations to determine the predictive power of the abbreviated MacAndrew Scale of the MMPI‐168 on self‐reported delinquent behavior of 1,672 suburban high school students. The abbreviated MacAndrew Scale score successfully predicted alcohol abuse, but was also shown to be related to crimes against property and persons and to marijuana usage. It was concluded that the MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale may not be uniquely sensitive to alcohol abuse among the population sampled.
Alcoholics' recovery from cerebral impairment as a function of duration of abstinence
Authors: Kish G. B. , Hagen J. M. , Woody M. M. , Harvey H. L. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThere is clear evidence in the literature for permanent cerebral impairment due to prolonged alcohol abuse. Observation also suggests that there is a component of this cerebral impairment that is found immediately subsequent to heavy drinking and that is reversible. This study examined the time‐course of recovery from this temporary impairment and delineated more specifically the neuropsychological functions that participate in the recovery. Four groups (N = 87) of hospitalized male alcoholics were tested after 6, 15, 21, and 110 days of abstinence using the Raven Progressive Matrices, the Trail‐Making Test, the Memory for Designs, and the following subscales of the WAIS: Arithmetic, Digit Span, Block Design, Similarities, and Digit Symbol. The results indicated that significant improvement occurred during the third week of abstinence (between 15 and 21 days) on the Digit Span, Block Design, Similarities, Memory for Designs, Raven, and Trail‐Making tests, but not on the Arithmetic and Digit Symbol tests. These results suggest that treatment programs that use a preliminary “drying‐out” period should consider lengthening this period to 3 weeks to insure that patients are maximally responsive to psychotherapy.