bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of acrylic fatty acid derivative and use as reactive coalescing agent
Authors: Barbosa Joana V. , Veludo Etelvina , Moniz Jorge , Magalhães Fernão D. , Bastos Margarida M.S.M. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA novel reactive coalescing agent based on vegetable oils is described. This conjugated acrylic fatty acid derivative (AcFAD) was synthesized by esterification of conjugated fatty acids (CFAs) with ethylene glycol, followed by reaction with acryloyl chloride. The reactions were monitored by monitoring the acid value and by IR spectroscopy. GC–MS and NMR were used to obtain complete spectroscopic characterization of AcFAD. The potential of this conjugated derivative as reactive coalescing agent for waterborne acrylic resin formulations was evaluated in terms of drying times, minimum film forming temperatures and solvent rubbing resistance. Significant performance improvement was observed in all tests when AcFAD was added to acrylic resin, indicating occurrence of crosslinking of conjugated double bonds upon exposure to atmospheric oxygen (i.e. oxidative cure behaviour). On the other hand, CFAs addition to acrylic resin did not enhance drying behaviour or rubbing resistance of the dry films, despite the presence of conjugated double bonds as in AcFAD. This shows that introduction of (2‐acryloyloxy)ethyl function plays an important role in insuring compatibility of the additive with the resin.
Casein kinase I epsilon interacts with mitochondrial proteins for the growth and survival of human ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Rodriguez Noah , Yang Junzheng , Hasselblatt Kathleen , Liu Shubai , Zhou Yilan , Rauh‐Hain Jose A. , Ng Shu‐Kay , Choi Pui‐Wah , Fong Wing‐Ping , Agar Nathalie Y. R. , Welch William R. , Berkowitz Ross S. , Ng Shu‐Wing 
Published: June 2012

AbstractEpithelial ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death among gynaecologic cancers in Western countries. Our studies have shown that casein kinase I‐epsilon (CKIε), a Wnt pathway protein, is significantly overexpressed in ovarian cancer tissues and is associated with poor survival. Ectopic expression of CKIε in normal human ovarian surface epithelial cells and inhibition of CKIε in ovarian cancer cells and in xenografts demonstrated the importance of CKIε in regulating cell proliferation and migration. Interestingly, CKIε function did not seem to involve β‐catenin activity. Instead, CKIε was found to interact with several mitochondrial proteins including adenine nucleotide translocase 2 (ANT2). Inhibition of CKIε in ovarian cancer cells resulted in suppression of ANT2, downregulation of cellular ATP and the resulting cancer cells were more susceptible to chemotherapy. Our studies indicate that, in the context of ovarian cancer, the interaction between CKIε and ANT2 mediates pathogenic signalling that is distinct from the canonical Wnt/β‐catenin pathway and is essential for cell proliferation and is clinically associated with poor survival.
CGG trinucleotide repeat length modulates neural plasticity and spatiotemporal processing in a mouse model of the fragile X premutation
Authors: Hunsaker Michael R. , Kim Kyoungmi , Willemsen Rob , Berman Robert F. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe fragile X premutation is a CGG repeat expansion on the FMR1 gene between 55 and 200 repeats in length. It has been proposed that impaired spatiotemporal function underlies cognitive deficits in genetic disorders, including the fragile X premutation. This study characterized the role of the premutation for cognitive function by demonstrating CGG KI mice with 70–198 CGG repeats show deficits across tasks requiring spatial and temporal pattern separation. To elucidate mechanisms whereby CGG repeats affect spatiotemporal processing, hippocampal slices were evaluated for LTP, LTD, and mGluR1/5 LTD. Increasing CGG repeat length modulated the induction of LTP, LTD, and mGluR1/5 LTD, as well as behavioral tasks emphasizing spatiotemporal processing. Despite the deficits in the induction of all forms of plasticity, there were no differences in expression of plasticity once evoked. These data provide evidence for a neurocognitive endophenotype in the CGG KI mouse model of the premutation in which CGG repeat length negatively modulates plasticity and spatiotemporal attention. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Subplasma membrane Ca2+ signals
Authors: McCarron John G. , Chalmers Susan , Olson Marnie L. , Girkin John M. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractCa2+ may selectively activate various processes in part by the cell's ability to localize changes in the concentration of the ion to specific subcellular sites. Interestingly, these Ca2+ signals begin most often at the plasma membrane space so that understanding subplasma membrane signals is central to an appreciation of local signaling. Several experimental procedures have been developed to study Ca2+ signals near the plasma membrane, but probably the most prevalent involve the use of fluorescent Ca2+ indicators and fall into two general approaches. In the first, the Ca2+ indicators themselves are specifically targeted to the subplasma membrane space to measure Ca2+ only there. Alternatively, the indicators are allowed to be dispersed throughout the cytoplasm, but the fluorescence emanating from the Ca2+ signals at the subplasma membrane space is selectively measured using high resolution imaging procedures. Although the targeted indicators offer an immediate appeal because of selectivity and ease of use, their limited dynamic range and slow response to changes in Ca2+ are a shortcoming. Use of targeted indicators is also largely restricted to cultured cells. High resolution imaging applied with rapidly responding small molecule Ca2+ indicators can be used in all cells and offers significant improvements in dynamic range and speed of response of the indicator. The approach is technically difficult, however, and realistic calibration of signals is not possible. In this review, a brief overview of local subplasma membrane Ca2+ signals and methods for their measurement is provided. © 2012 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 64(7): 573–585, 2012
Germ granules and the control of mRNA translation
Authors: Sengupta Madhu S. , Boag Peter R. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractGerm granules are an evolutionarily conserved feature of germ cell cytoplasm and are critical for gametogenesis and embryonic development. Germ granules are highly enriched for RNA and RNA‐binding proteins and are key centers for post‐transcriptional gene regulation in germ cells. Over the last 20 years, the molecular events in germ granule function and formation in several organisms have begun to be revealed. This review seeks to give an overview of some conserved features of germ granules and highlights a conserved strategy for regulating translation of maternal mRNAs. © 2012 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 64(7): 586–594, 2012
Changes in seasonal maximum daily precipitation in China over the period 1961–2006
Authors: Yang Long , Villarini Gabriele , Smith James A. , Tian Fuqiang , Hu Heping 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTDaily rainfall data from 485 stations in China over the period 1961‐2006 are used to examine changes in seasonal extreme rainfall. We focus on the temporal changes in their distribution, together with examination of the dependence of seasonal extreme rainfall on elevation. The validity of the stationarity assumption is investigated by testing for nonstationarities in the form of abrupt and slowly varying changes. The nonparametric Pettitt test is used to detect change points in the mean and variance of the rainfall distribution, while the presence of monotonic trends and trend magnitude is tested using Mann‐Kendall test and Sen's slope estimator. Violation of the stationarity assumption is mostly associated with abrupt rather than gradual changes, and monotonic trends are generally not statistically significant. Most of the change points occurred in the 1980s, when China underwent a socioeconomic development. Extreme rainfall in autumn (spring and winter) points to a decreasing (increasing) tendency over the majority of the country, while summer extreme rainfall exhibits a ‘dipole‐like’ structure, with an overall tendency towards increasing trends in the south and decreasing in the north. The parameters of the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distribution are used to examine the dependence of extreme rainfall on elevation. The location and scale parameters are negatively correlated with elevation, while orography does not appear to be an important control on the shape parameter. The dependence of GEV parameters on elevation is more pronounced in northern rather than southern China. We also investigated the relation between summer extreme rainfall and climate variability, focusing on the East Asia Summer Monsoon (EASM) index. EASM is negatively (positively) correlated with summer extreme rainfall over South (North) China. Considering the weakening trend of EASM in recent years, there is a potential water shortage in the North China Plain and increasing flood risk in the south. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Multiplicity of Salmonella entry mechanisms, a new paradigm for Salmonella pathogenesis
Authors: Velge P. , Wiedemann A. , Rosselin M. , Abed N. , Boumart Z. , Chaussé A. M. , Grépinet O. , Namdari F. , Roche S. M. , Rossignol A. , Virlogeux‐Payant I. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe Salmonella enterica species includes about 2600 diverse serotypes, most of which cause a wide range of food‐ and water‐borne diseases ranging from self‐limiting gastroenteritis to typhoid fever in both humans and animals. Moreover, some serotypes are restricted to a few animal species, whereas other serotypes are able to infect plants as well as cold‐ and warm‐blooded animals. An essential feature of the pathogenicity of Salmonella is its capacity to cross a number of barriers requiring invasion of a large variety of phagocytic and nonphagocytic cells. The aim of this review is to describe the different entry pathways used by Salmonella serotypes to enter different nonphagocytic cell types. Until recently, it was accepted that Salmonella invasion of eukaryotic cells required only the type III secretion system (T3SS) encoded by the Salmonella pathogenicity island‐1. However, recent evidence shows that Salmonella can cause infection in a T3SS‐1‐independent manner. Currently, two outer membrane proteins Rck and PagN have been clearly identified as Salmonella invasins. As Rck mediates a Zipper‐like entry mechanism, Salmonella is therefore the first bacterium shown to be able to induce both Zipper and Trigger mechanisms to invade host cells. In addition to these known entry pathways, recent data have shown that unknown entry routes could be used according to the serotype, the host and the cell type considered, inducing either Zipper‐like or Trigger‐like entry processes. The new paradigm presented here should change our classic view of Salmonella pathogenicity. It could also modify our understanding of the mechanisms leading to the different Salmonella‐induced diseases and to Salmonella‐host specificity.
Meal triacylglycerol profile modulates postprandial absorption of carotenoids in humans
Authors: Goltz Shellen R. , Campbell Wayne W. , Chitchumroonchokchai Chureeporn , Failla Mark L. , Ferruzzi Mario G. 
Published: June 2012

ScopeDietary lipids are considered to be primary potentiators of carotenoid absorption, yet the amount and source required to optimize bioavailability has not been systematically evaluated. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of both amount and source of triacylglycerols on postprandial absorption of carotenoids from vegetable salads.Methods and resultsHealthy subjects (n = 29) were randomized using a Latin square design (3×3) and consumed three identical salads with 3, 8, or 20 g of canola oil, soybean oil, or butter. Blood was collected from 0–10 h and triacylglycerol‐rich fractions (TRLs) were isolated by ultracentrifugation. Carotenoid contents of TRL fractions were analyzed by HPLC‐DAD. Considering all lipid sources, 20 g of lipid promoted higher absorption compared to 3 and 8 g for all carotenoid species (p < 0.05), except for α‐carotene (p = 0.07). The source of lipid had less impact on the absorption of carotenoids than amount of lipid. Pooling results from all lipid amounts, monounsaturated fatty acid rich canola oil trended toward enhancing absorption of lutein and α‐carotene compared to saturated fatty acid rich butter (p = 0.06 and p = 0.08, respectively).ConclusionWhile both amount and source of co‐consumed lipid affect carotenoid bioavailability from vegetables, amount appears to exert a stronger effect.
Distinct roles of different forms of vitamin E in DHA‐induced apoptosis in triple‐negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Xiong Ailian , Yu Weiping , Tiwary Richa , Sanders Bob G. , Kline Kimberly 
Published: June 2012

ScopeDocosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has been shown to exhibit anticancer actions in vitro and in vivo in a variety of cancers. Here, we investigated the role for DHA in inducing apoptosis in triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) and studied the mechanisms of action.Methods and resultsDHA induces apoptosis as detected by Annexin V‐FITC/PI assay as well as induces cleavage of caspase‐8 and ‐9, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), and elevated levels of death receptor‐5 (DR5) protein expression as detected by western blot assays. Chemical inhibitors of caspase‐8 and ‐9 and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) show DHA to induce ERS/CHOP/DR5‐mediated caspase‐8 and ‐9 dependent apoptosis. Furthermore, DHA induces elevated cellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant; RRR‐α‐tocopherol (αT) blocked DHA‐induced apoptotic events. In contrast to the antagonistic impact of αT, gamma‐tocotrienol (γT3) was demonstrated to cooperate with DHA in inducing apoptotic events in TNBC cells.ConclusionData, for the first time, demonstrate that DHA induces apoptosis in TNBC cells via activation of ERS/CHOP/DR5‐mediated caspase‐8 and ‐9 dependent pro‐apoptotic events, and that different forms of vitamin E exhibit distinct effects on DHA‐induced apoptosis; namely, inhibition by αT and enhancement by γT3.
Design of a waveguide power splitter based on the employment of bi‐omega resonators
Authors: Di Palma Luca , Bilotti Filiberto , Toscano Alessandro , Vegni Lucio 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn this letter, we propose the design of two new narrowband power splitters in waveguide technology. The proposed layouts are based on the extraordinary transmission phenomenon, obtained using metamaterial‐inspired bi‐omega particles. In this way, the power splitters operate in a narrow frequency range and allow rejecting the undesired spectral components within the operating range of the waveguide. The proposed designs are supported by proper full‐wave numerical results. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2091–2095, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26988
Multilayer dielectric cavity antenna design for wide bandwidth
Authors: Lee K. J. , Lee J. A. , Kim M. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe dimension optimization of a rectangular cavity antenna is presented in this letter. The cavity antenna is fabricated in a multilayer substrate. The antenna operation is based on lowest order TE101 cavity mode. The antenna performance can be predicted using a simple equivalent model for a dielectric cavity. The estimated antenna bandwidth using the quality‐factor of the cavity model indicates that the larger aperture and thinner thickness is the wider bandwidth becomes. In this letter, however, the aperture size is limited to operating in a single mode. The antenna sample is fabricated in multilayer FR4 substrates with a dielectric constant of 4.4, so that it operates at 7.2 GHz. The antenna with enhanced bandwidth has an aperture size of 32 × 10 mm2 and total thickness of 4.3 mm. The measured 10‐dB bandwidth is 12.1% and the radiation pattern confirms that it operates in a single mode. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2046–2049, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27022
Photonic generation of microwave signal using a dual‐wavelength fiber ring laser with fiber bragg grating‐based fabry‐perot filter and saturable absorber
Authors: Li Qi , Feng Suchun , Peng Wanjing , Liu Peng , Feng Ting , Tan Siyu , Yan Fengping 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn this article, a simple approach for photonic generation of microwave signal using a dual‐wavelength single longitudinal mode fiber ring laser is proposed and demonstrated.A narrow transmission band fiber Bragg grating (FBG) based Fabry‐Perot cavity is used to select the longitudinal mode. A FBG with reflectivity of 99.5% is used together with 2‐m unpumped erbium‐doped fiber acting as saturable absorber. Stable dual‐wavelength single longitudinal mode fiber lasers with a wavelength separation of approximately 0.057 nm are experimentally realized. By beating the dual‐wavelength fiber lasers at a photodetector, photonic generation of microwave signal at 7.129 GHz is successfully obtained. Both of the laser emission and generated microwave signal have good stability at room temperature. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2074–2077, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com.). DOI 10.1002/mop.27029
Mobile terminal antenna using a planar inverted‐e feed structure for enhanced impedance bandwidth
Authors: Jeon Sinhyung , Kim Hyeongdong 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis article proposes a planar inverted–E (PIE) antenna, able to attain a wide impedance bandwidth.The antenna is created by inserting a branch capacitance between the feed line and the shorting pin of a conventional planar inverted–F antenna (PIFA). Such a modification significantly enhances the impedance bandwidth while maintaining the size of the antenna element. A comparative analysis on the characteristics of both the reference PIFA and the proposed PIE antenna was conducted to demonstrate the performance improvement in the bandwidth and efficiency of the proposed antenna. In the lower frequency bands, the proposed antenna possesses a very wide impedance bandwidth, 245 MHz, from 730 to 975 MHz, under a voltage standing wave ratio of 3:1 with good antenna efficiency. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2133–2139, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27035
Excitation and geometrically matched local encoding of curved slices
Authors: Weber Hans , Gallichan Daniel , Schultz Gerrit , Cocosco Chris A. , Littin Sebastian , Reichardt Wilfried , Welz Anna , Witschey Walter , Hennig Jürgen , Zaitsev Maxim 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn this work, the concept of excitation and geometrically matched local in‐plane encoding of curved slices (ExLoc) is introduced. ExLoc is based on a set of locally near‐orthogonal spatial encoding magnetic fields, thus maintaining a local rectangular shape of the individual voxels and avoiding potential problems arising due to highly irregular voxel shapes. Unlike existing methods for exciting curved slices based on multidimensional radiofrequency‐pulses, excitation and geometrically matched local encoding of curved slices does not require long duration or computationally expensive radiofrequency‐pulses. As each encoding field consists of a superposition of potentially arbitrary (spatially linear or nonlinear) magnetic field components, the resulting field shape can be adapted with high flexibility to the specific region of interest. For extended nonplanar structures, this results in improved relevant volume coverage for fewer excited slices and thus increased efficiency. In addition to the mathematical description for the generation of dedicated encoding fields and data reconstruction, a verification of the ExLoc concept in phantom experiments and examples for in vivo curved single and multislice imaging are presented. Magn Reson Med, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Efficient adaptive integration of functions with sharp gradients and cusps in n‐dimensional parallelepipeds
Authors: Mousavi S.E. , Pask J.E. , Sukumar N. 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYIn this paper, we study the efficient numerical integration of functions with sharp gradients and cusps. An adaptive integration algorithm is presented that systematically improves the accuracy of the integration of a set of functions. The algorithm is based on a divide and conquer strategy and is independent of the location of the sharp gradient or cusp. The error analysis reveals that for a C0 function (derivative discontinuity at a point), a rate of convergence of n + 1 is obtained in . Two applications of the adaptive integration scheme are studied. First, we use the adaptive quadratures for the integration of the regularized Heaviside function—a strongly localized function that is used for modeling sharp gradients. Then the adaptive quadratures are employed in the enriched finite element solution of the all‐electron Coulomb problem in crystalline diamond. The source term and enrichment functions of this problem have sharp gradients and cusps at the nuclei. We show that the optimal rate of convergence is obtained with only a marginal increase in the number of integration points with respect to the pure finite element solution with the same number of elements. The adaptive integration scheme is simple, robust, and directly applicable to any generalized finite element method employing enrichments with sharp local variations or cusps in n‐dimensional parallelepiped elements. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Side‐on Surface Modification of Polystyrene with an Atmospheric Pressure Microplasma Jet
Authors: Olabanji Olumuyiwa T. , Bradley James W. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAn atmospheric‐pressure microplasma jet operating in helium gas has been used in a side‐on configuration to modify locally the surface energy of polystyrene (PS). The plasma plume and gas outflow emanating from the capillary‐type discharge (8 kVp–p at 30 kHz excitation) were directed parallel to (side‐on) and just above the sample surface, rather than head‐on as in conventional treatment. This side‐on treatment method has been shown to prevent surface damages, pitting or roughing caused by head‐on treatment methods. Schlieren photography has been used to identify regions of laminar and turbulent flow in the exiting gas stream and the nature of their interaction with the substrate surface. Correlation of these observations with spatially resolved water contact angle (WCA) measurements of the treated PS, show clearly that substantial reductions in WCA (∼50–60°) occur in downstream regions where the turbulent gas mixed with air impinges the surface. In contrast, only small changes in WCA occur (∼10–20°) in regions closer to the exit orifice where the helium (He) flow is still laminar across the surface. Little or no treatment is observed for distances greater than 5 cm from the source. In addition, low levels of treatment were observed in the regions where the visible plasma glow of the jet is adjacent and parallel to the surface. The results indicate that excited air species (either mixed or entrained in the He gas flow) are the main agents causing surface covalent bond breaking leading to surface modification.magnified image