bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bronchoalveolar lavage cell pattern from healthy human lung
Authors: Heron M , Grutters J C , ten Dam-Molenkamp K M , Hijdra D , van Heugten-Roeling A , Claessen A M E , Ruven H J T , van den Bosch J M M , van Velzen-Blad H 
Published: November 2011

SummaryBronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is widely accepted as a key diagnostic procedure in interstitial lung diseases (ILD). We performed a study to obtain reference intervals of differential cell patterns in BAL fluid with special attention to the origin of lavage fluid, e.g. bronchial/alveolar, to atopy and smoking status and to age of the healthy people. We performed bronchoalveolar lavage in 55 healthy subjects with known atopy status (age: 18–64 years, non-smokers/smokers: 34/21) and determined differential cell counts and lymphocyte subsets in BAL fluid and blood. Moreover, in a subgroup of non-smoking healthy individuals we measured the expression of the regulatory T cell marker forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3) on blood and BAL fluid lymphocytes in addition to a comprehensive set of activation markers. Differential cell counts from the alveolar lavage fraction differed significantly from calculated pooled fractions (n = 11). In contrast, marginal differences were found between atopic and non-atopic subjects. Interestingly, the BAL fluid CD4+/CD8+ ratio correlated strongly with age (r2 = 0·50, P &lt; 0·0001). We consider the bronchial and alveolar fraction to be lavage fluid from fundamentally different compartments and recommend analysis of the alveolar fraction in diagnostic work-up of ILD. In addition, our data suggest that age corrected BAL fluid CD4+/CD8+ ratios should be used in the clinical evaluation of patients with interstitial lung diseases.
Unusual and recently described cutaneous atrophic disorders
Authors: Chisholm Cary , Miedler John , Etufugh Chukwuemeka N. , Ghali Fred , Cockerell Clay J. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractCutaneous atrophic conditions are typically caused by changes in the dermis or subcutaneous tissue, sometimes consisting of the loss of a single fiber type. Since a significant decrease of subepidermal tissue is necessary for these lesions to be macroscopically atrophic, many conditions may not be appreciated as atrophy in the clinical setting. Clinicians should be familiar with the common or classic disorders causing cutaneous atrophy; however, there are a few new or rarely described atrophic conditions which are more difficult to identify and may not be atrophic clinically. This paper serves to describe the salient clinical and histological features of these new or rare disorders.
Effect of isotretinoin treatment on plasma holotranscobalamin, vitamin B12, folic acid, and homocysteine levels: non‐controlled study
Authors: Karadag Ayse Serap , Tutal Emre , Ertugrul Derun Taner , Akin Kadir Okhan 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIsotretinoin (Iso) has been used for the treatment of acne. Some previous studies reported elevated homocysteine (Hcy) levels after treatment with Iso. Some side effects have clinical presentations similar to vitamin B12, folic acid deficiencies, and hyperhomocysteinemia. In the present study we evaluated the plasma Hcy levels, the vitamins involved in its metabolism (vitamin B12 and folic acid), and holotranscobalamin (HoloTC), a transport system for vitamin B12 absorption in patients receiving Iso treatment for acne vulgaris. A total of 66 patients with acne vulgaris between the ages of 18 and 40 years were included. Screening for hemoglobin, creatinine, SGOT, SGPT, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), and very low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL‐C), folic acid, vitamin B12, Hcy, and HoloTC were done just before initiation (pretreatment) and after four months of Iso treatment (posttreatment). Posttreatment vitamin B12, folic acid, and HoloTC levels were significantly lower while Hcy levels were significantly higher compared with initial values. Posttreatment total cholesterol, LDL‐C, triglycerides, VLDL‐C, SGPT, and SGOT levels were also higher, and HDL‐C levels were lower compared with initial values while there was no change in hemoglobin levels during Iso treatment. We found that Iso usage might cause decreased vitamin B12, folic acid, and HoloTC. These Iso side effects might contribute to the missing link between Iso usage, hyperhomocysteinemia, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Trials may be made with the aim of demonstrating (clearly) if starting vitamin B12 and folic acid replacement therapies with Iso treatment initialization could be useful for preventing hyperhomocysteinemia and possibly related disorders.
Augmented diagnostic capability using videodermatoscopy on selected infectious and non‐infectious penile growths
Authors: Micali Giuseppe , Lacarrubba Francesco 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground  A large variety of infectious and non‐infectious penile growths may occur on the glans or shaft with variable clinical presentation. Although most of these penile growths can be diagnosed through medical history and clinical examination, small, single or early lesions may not be easily recognized or differentiated by their clinical features. Videodermatoscopy (VD) is a non‐invasive technique that has greatly improved the diagnostic accuracy for pigmented and non‐pigmented skin disorders.Materials and methods  Selected cases of penile growths from our Genital Dermatology Clinic have been evaluated by VD in order to identify specific VD patterns.Results  Pearly penile papules, Fordyce’s spots, genital warts, molluscum contagiosum, angiokeratoma of Fordyce, and median raphe penile cysts were found to show specific VD features, which are described and analyzed in detail.Conclusions  VD offers the possibility to enhance diagnostic accuracy and aids in the differential diagnosis of selected infectious and non‐infectious penile growths. In case of single or not clinically specific lesions, VD allows non‐invasive recognition of specific patterns and features in order to make a more definitive diagnosis and to rule out clinically similar growths, thus avoiding biopsy and other invasive measures in some cases.
Developing a sustainable model of rural cancer care: The Western Australian Cancer Network project
Authors: McConigley Ruth , Platt Violet , Holloway Kristi , Smith Jodi 
Published: November 2011

AbstractProblem:  Cancer‐related mortality is higher in rural areas than in urban centres. One of the contributing factors is limited access to treatment options in rural areas.Design:  An evaluation of the effectiveness of the Western Australian Cancer Network (CanNET WA) pilot project was undertaken using qualitative methods and document analysis.Setting:  CanNET WA was established in the Great Southern region of Western Australia.Key measures for improvement:  Three measures were assessed: impact of the CanNET WA on consumers, care providers and changes to systems and processes.Strategies for change:  CanNET WA comprised a number of initiatives that together led to an improvement in cancer care. These included a multidisciplinary cancer team, improved access to visiting medical specialists, formal links with tertiary cancer centres, increased primary health involvement in cancer care and increased education regarding cancer care for local health care providers.Effects of change:  Changes in the three key outcome measures were reported. Consumers had greater choice of treatment options and had more involvement in decision making. Health professionals reported improvements in care coordination and in peer support related to the new multidisciplinary cancer care team, and improved links with tertiary cancer centres in Perth. Systemic changes included mapping of referral pathways and tumour‐specific care pathways.Lessons learnt:  CanNET WA has demonstrated the need for coordinated cancer care for rural people that offers care locally whenever possible. The success of the project paved the way for the rollout of the CanNET WA concept into other regional areas of Western Australia.
Molecular mechanisms of maternal cannabis and cigarette use on human neurodevelopment
Authors: Morris Claudia V. , DiNieri Jennifer A. , Szutorisz Henrietta , Hurd Yasmin L. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPrenatal development is highly sensitive to maternal drug use due to the vulnerability for disruption of the fetal brain with its ongoing neurodevelopment, resulting in lifelong consequences that can enhance risk for psychiatric disorders. Cannabis and cigarettes are the most commonly used illicit and licit substances, respectively, among pregnant women. Although the behavioral consequences of prenatal cannabis and cigarette exposure have been well‐documented in epidemiological and clinical studies, only recently have investigations into the molecular mechanisms associated with the developmental impact of early drug exposure been addressed. This article reviews the literature relevant to long‐term gene expression disturbances in the human fetal brain in relation to maternal cannabis and cigarette use. To provide translational insights, we discuss animal models in which protracted molecular consequences of prenatal cannabis and cigarette exposure can be better explored and which enable future evaluation of epigenetic pathways, such as DNA methylation and histone modification, that could potentially maintain abnormal gene regulation and related behavioral disturbances. Altogether, this information may help to address the current gaps of knowledge regarding the impact of early drug exposure that set in motion lifelong molecular disturbances that underlie vulnerability to psychiatric disorders.
From filopodia to synapses: the role of actin‐capping and anti‐capping proteins
Authors: Menna Elisabetta , Fossati Giuliana , Scita Giorgio , Matteoli Michela 
Published: November 2011

AbstractActin‐capping and anti‐capping proteins are crucial regulators of actin dynamics. Recent studies have indicated that these proteins may be heavily involved in all stages of synaptogenesis, from the emergence of filopodia, through neuritogenesis and synaptic contact stabilization, to the structural changes occurring at the synapse during potentiation phenomena. In this review, we focus on recent evidence pointing to an active role of actin‐capping and anti‐capping proteins in orchestrating the processes controlling neuronal connectivity and plasticity.
Multifunctional membrane vesicles in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Tashiro Yosuke , Uchiyama Hiroo , Nomura Nobuhiko 
Published: November 2011

SummaryGram‐negative bacteria secrete small particles called membrane vesicles (MVs) into the extracellular milieu. While MVs have important roles in delivering toxins from pathogenic bacteria to eukaryotic cells, these vesicles also play ecological roles necessary for survival in various environmental conditions. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which lives in soil, ocean, plant, animal and human environments, has become a model organism for studying these small extracellular particles. Such studies have increased our understanding of the function and biogenesis of bacterial MVs. Pseudomonas aeruginosa MVs possess versatile components and chemical substances with unique structures. These characteristics allow MVs to play their multifunctional biological roles, including microbial interaction, maintenance of biofilm structure and host infection. This review summarizes the comprehensive biochemical and physiochemical properties of MVs derived from P. aeruginosa. These studies will help us understand their biological roles of MVs not only in pathogenicity but also in microbial ecology. Also, the mechanisms of MV production, as currently understood, are discussed.
Transanal extraction of the specimen during laparoscopic colectomy
Authors: Diana M. , Wall J. , Costantino F. , D’agostino J. , Leroy J. , Marescaux J. 
Published: November 2011

SypnosisAim  To assess the current state of the art of transanal specimen extraction in colonic resections.Method  A systematic literature search was conducted including the terms ‘transrectal or transanal specimen extraction’, ‘Natural Orifice Specimen Extraction’ and ‘laparoscopic colectomy’ for the period from 1955 to May 2011. Exclusion criteria were abdomino‐perineal resections, pull‐through technique, experimental studies and paediatric population.Results  Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria, representing 154 patients. The overall postoperative complication rate was 10%. The risks of peritoneal contamination and sphincter dysfunction were evaluated by a single study of each.Conclusion  Transanal extraction is a feasible option to minimize incisions in colorectal surgery.
Early, minimally invasive closure of anastomotic leaks: a new concept
Authors: Verlaan T. , Bartels S. A. L. , van Berge Henegouwen M. I. , Tanis P. J. , Fockens P. , Bemelman W. A. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractChronic pelvic sepsis after ileoanal or coloanal anastomosis precludes ileostomy closure and, even if closure is ultimately possible, function of the neorectum is badly affected. Early closure of the anastomotic leak might prevent chronic pelvic sepsis and its adverse sequelae. In our experience of early closure in a consecutive group of six patients with a leaking low anastomosis (five with ileoanal pouch anastomosis and one after a low anterior resection), we were able to achieve anastomotic closure in five by means of initial endosponge therapy followed either by early suture (four patients) or endoscopic clip repair (one patient). Early minimally invasive closure of low anastomotic leaks is therefore possible provided that the para‐anastomotic cavity is drained well prior to closure and the anastomosis is defunctioned.
‘It burdens me’: the impact of stroke in central Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Norris Meriel , Allotey Pascale , Barrett Geraldine 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe complex primary and secondary consequences of stroke have often been equated with the concept of biographical disruption, although a number of mediating factors have been identified. However, the research to date is almost exclusively based in western contexts, despite the fact that stroke is increasing most rapidly in low‐income and middle‐income countries. This research explores the experience of stroke in the rural community of central Aceh, Indonesia. The participants included 11 stroke survivors and 18 carers, with data collected through in‐depth interviews and photographic facilitated interviews, supported with participant observation over a nine month period. The participants discussed and illustrated the disruptive result of their stroke, but for most, their ability to maintain religious duties and contribute to their family resulted in a form of biographical continuity. Their strategies and challenges are discussed alongside the implications for care in this context.
Patterns, ideologies and strategies of non‐statutory employee representation in German private sector companies
Authors: Hertwig Markus 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTNon‐statutory firm level employee representation (NSR), which in contrast to legally based works councils is composed of voluntary patterns, is by now only rarely recognised in German labour relations debate and research. Based on case studies, the article analyses the establishment, modes of operation and participation outcome of NSRs in German private sector companies. While previous NSR research in countries such as Britain and the United States mainly focused on employer‐initiated representation plans, the array of NSRs in German companies appears to be broader: Four types of NSRs are introduced, and a theoretical account is developed, which emphasises cultural–institutional arguments and actors strategies. Hence, it is argued that while NSRs appear to be instruments of management seeking to effectively organise company interest regulation, they strongly reflect cultural conditions and ideologies of non‐statutory employee representation.
Hypoxia inducible factor‐1α is involved in the neurodegeneration induced by isoflurane in the brain of neonatal rats
Authors: Jiang Hong , Huang Yan , Xu Hui , Sun Yu , Han Ning , Li Qi Fang 
Published: November 2011

J. Neurochem. (2012) 120, 453–460.AbstractMore and more data show isoflurane, a commonly used volatile anesthetic has dual effects on neuron fate. However, the underlying mechanisms that can explain the apparent paradox are poorly understood. Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)‐1α, a transcription factor, has been found regulating both prosurvival and prodeath pathways in the CNS. Previously, we found that isoflurane can activate HIF‐1α under normoxic conditions in vitro and HIF‐1α has been found to be involved in the pre‐conditioning effect of isoflurane in various organs. Here, we investigated whether HIF‐1α is a contributing factor in the neurodegenration in rodent primary cultured neurons and in developing rat brain. Isoflurane dose‐dependently induced apoptotic neurodegeneration in neonatal rats as assessed by S100β, cleaved caspase 3 and poly‐(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP), respectively. Notably, isoflurane up‐regulates HIF‐1α protein levels in vivo and in vitro during induction of neurodegeneration. Likewise, isoflurane resulted in a significant elevation of cytosonic calcium levels in neuron cultures. Furthermore, knockdown of HIF‐1α expression in cultured neurons attenuated isoflurane‐induced neurotoxicity. Finally, Morris water maze (MWM) test showed neonatal exposure to isoflurane impaired juvenile learning and memory ability in rats. These findings indicate that HIF‐1α is involved in the neurodegeneration induced by isoflurane in the brain of neonatal rats, suggesting HIF‐1α may be a candidate for the dual effects of isoflurane on neuron fate.
Why Are Socially Anxious Adolescents Rejected by Peers? The Role of Subject‐Group Similarity Characteristics
Authors: Blöte Anke W. , Bokhorst Caroline L. , Miers Anne C. , Westenberg P. Michiel 
Published: November 2011

This study addressed the role of actual and perceived similarity in peer rejection of socially anxious adolescents. Videotapes of 20 high and 20 low socially anxious adolescents (13–17 years old) giving a speech were rated by groups of unfamiliar peers with regard to perceived similarity and desire for future interaction (lower scores indicating rejection). Actual similarity between speakers and observers regarding social anxiety and gender was also taken into account. Findings showed that high socially anxious students were more rejected and that perceived but not actual similarity between peer observers and speakers (partly) mediated rejection.
Analysis of 120 pediatric patients with nonmalignant disorders transplanted using unrelated plasma‐depleted or ‐reduced cord blood
Authors: Petz Lawrence , Jaing Tang‐Her , Rosenthal Joseph , Karanes Chatchada , Nademanee Auayporn , Chan Lee Lee , Graham Michael L. , Lin Hai Peng , Tan Patrick , Wang B.C. , Fu Chen , Chow Michelle , Forman Stephen , Chow Robert 
Published: November 2011

BACKGROUND: Unrelated cord blood (CB) is an important stem cell source for unrelated hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) of patients with nonmalignant disorders. Processing methods to prepare red blood cell–reduced CB units incur significant nucleated cell loss. In contrast, plasma depletion or reduction (PDR) processing of CB units entails the removal of only a portion of the plasma with minimal nucleated cell loss. However, there are relatively limited data regarding outcomes of CB transplants using units processed by PDR.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR)‐audited analysis was performed on 120 pediatric patients with nonmalignant disorders transplanted between November 2001 and January 2008 at 29 US and 17 international centers using PDR CB units from two CB banks.RESULTS: Transplant characteristics were as follows: median age, 3.5 years (range, 0.1‐14 years); median patient weight, 15 kg (range, 4‐61 kg); 58% male; HLA matches (intermediate‐resolution HLA‐A and HLA‐B and high‐resolution HLA‐DRB1) of the units used in these patients six of six in 26, five of six in 48, four of six in 47, and three of six or two of six in 6; median prefreeze total nucleated cell dose, 10.5 × 107/kg; median prefreeze CD34+ dose, 3.7 × 105/kg; and nonmyeloablative regimen in 24%. The median times to myeloid and platelet engraftment were 21 and 49 days, respectively. The cumulative incidence of reported Grade II to IV acute graft‐versus‐host disease (aGVHD) was 38 ± 5%, and 19 ± 4% had Grade III to IV aGVHD. The Kaplan‐Meier estimates of 3‐year transplant‐related mortality, overall survival, and disease‐free survival were 20 ± 4, 79 ± 4, and 70 ± 6%, respectively.CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate the effectiveness of PDR CB units for HCT.
Oral infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis and systemic cytokine profile in C57BL/6.KOR‐ApoEshl mice
Authors: Miyauchi S. , Maekawa T. , Aoki Y. , Miyazawa H. , Tabeta K. , Nakajima T. , Yamazaki K. 
Published: November 2011

Miyauchi S, Maekawa T, Aoki Y, Miyazawa H, Tabeta K, Nakajima T, Yamazaki K. Oral infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis and systemic cytokine profile in C57BL/6.KOR‐ApoEshlmice. J Periodont Res 2012; 47: 402–408. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/SBackground and Objective:  Periodontal infection affects atherosclerotic diseases, such as coronary heart diseases. Mouse models have revealed that oral infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis induces changes in inflammatory‐ and lipid metabolism‐related gene expression, regardless of the development of atherosclerotic lesions. However, the serum protein expression profile in the oral infection model has not been investigated. The present study aimed to analyse the effect of oral infection with P. gingivalis on the expression levels of multiple cytokines in the serum in apolipoprotein E‐deficient mice by using a cytokine antibody array.Material and Methods:  C57BL/6.KOR‐Apoeshl mice were orally infected with P. gingivalis five times at 3 day intervals and were then killed. Splenocytes were isolated and analysed for proliferative activity and immunoglobulin G (IgG) production in response to in vitro restimulation with P. gingivalis. The expression levels of various cytokines in the sera were analysed using a mouse antibody array glass chip.Results:  Splenocytes from P. gingivalis‐infected mice demonstrated significantly greater proliferation and IgG production in response to P. gingivalis compared with those from sham‐infected mice. Antibody array analysis revealed the selective upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase 3, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, insulin‐like growth factor binding protein 2 and chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) ligand 7 and the downregulation of interleukin‐17, tumor necrosis factor‐α and L‐selectin.Conclusion:  These data demonstrate that oral infection with P. gingivalis induces alterations in systemic cytokine production. These cytokines could play roles in the development not only of periodontitis but also of atherosclerosis.