bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Partial Colocalization of Oxidized, N‐formylkynurenine‐containing Proteins in Mitochondria and Golgi of Keratinocytes†
Authors: Ehrenshaft Marilyn , Bonini Marcelo G. , Feng Li , Chignell Colin F. , Mason Ronald P. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractProteins are the dominant cellular target for oxidative reactions because they comprise the majority of macromolecules. Posttranslational oxidative protein modifications include fragmentation, aggregation and alteration of specific amino acid residues. The amino acids and amino acid residues most susceptible to oxidative modification are those containing sulfur and those with aromatic rings. Tryptophan reacts with radicals, ozone and singlet oxygen to form the end product N‐formylkynurenine (NFK). We recently described a novel anti‐NFK antiserum and validated its use in immunological assays for the specific detection of NFK in isolated proteins and protein mixtures. Here we photo‐oxidize rose bengal‐containing HaCaT keratinocyte cells and examine the results using fluorescent confocal microscopy and staining with anti‐NFK antiserum and markers for both Golgi and mitochondria. We show that photosensitization mediates the accumulation of NFK and that NFK can be detected in photosensitized cells with only slightly decreased viability. Additionally, we detect NFK‐modified proteins in both Golgi and mitochondria of photosensitized cells. These experiments demonstrate that we have developed a tool for the specific detection of oxidized tryptophan residues in cells and suggest that this tool could be useful in tracking the fate of these oxidized proteins.
One‐electron Oxidation of a Pyrenyl Photosensitizer Covalently Attached to DNA and Competition Between its Further Oxidation and DNA Hole Injection
Authors: Yun Byeong Hwa , Dedon Peter C. , Geacintov Nicholas E. , Shafirovich Vladimir 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe photosensitized hole injection and guanine base damage phenomena have been investigated in the DNA sequence, 5′‐d(CATG1PyCG2TCCTAC) with a site‐specifically positioned pyrene‐like (Py) benzo[a]pyrene 7,8‐diol 9,10‐epoxide‐derived N2‐guanine adduct (G1Py). Generation of the Py radical cation and subsequent hole injection into the DNA strand by a 355 nm nanosecond laser pulses (∼4 mJ cm−2) results in the transformation of G1Py to the imidazolone derivative Iz1Py and a novel G1Py* photoproduct that has a mass larger by 16 Da (M+16) than the mass (M) of G1Py. In addition, hole transfer and the irreversible oxidation of G2, followed by the formation of Iz2 was observed (Yun et al. [2007], J. Am. Chem. Soc., 129, 9321). Oxygen‐18 and deuterium isotope labeling methods, in combination with an extensive analysis of the MS/MS fragmentation patterns of the individual dGPy* nucleoside adduct and other data show that dGPy* has an unusual structure with a ruptured cyclohexenyl ring with a carbonyl group at the rupture site and intact guanine and pyrenyl residues. The formation of this product competes with hole injection and thus diminishes the efficiency of oxidation of guanines within the oligonucleotide strand by at least 15% in comparison with that in the dGPy nucleoside adduct.
Masked Hypertension Defined by Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring Is Associated With an Increased Serum Glucose Level and Urinary Albumin‐Creatinine Ratio
Authors: Ishikawa Joji , Hoshide Satoshi , Eguchi Kazuo , Schwartz Joseph E. , Pickering Thomas G. , Shimada Kazuyuki , Kario Kazuomi 
Published: April 2010

J Clin Hypertens(Greenwich). 2010;12:578–587. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The authors evaluated the relationship of hypertensive target organ damage to masked hypertension assessed by ambulatory blood pressure (BP) and home blood pressure (HBP) monitoring in 129 participants without taking antihypertensive medication. Masked hypertension was defined as office BP ≤140/90 mm Hg and 24‐hour ambulatory BP ≥130/80 mm Hg. The masked hypertensive participants defined by 24‐hour ambulatory BP (n=13) had a higher serum glucose level (126 vs 96 mg/dL, P=.001) and urinary albumin‐creatinine ratio (38.0 vs 7.5 mg/gCr, P<.001) than the normotensive participants (n=74); however, these relationships were not observed when the authors defined groups using HBP (≥135/85 mm Hg). Masked hypertension by both 24‐hour ambulatory BP and HBP had a higher urinary albumin‐creatinine ratio than normotension by both 24‐hour ambulatory BP and HBP (62.1 vs 7.4 mg/gCr, P=.001), and than masked hypertension by HBP alone (9.3 mg/gCr, P=.009). Masked hypertension defined by 24‐hour ambulatory BP is associated with an increased serum glucose level and urinary albumin‐creatinine ratio, but these relationships are not observed in masked hypertension defined by HBP.
Assessment of Endothelial Function by Means of Flow‐Mediated Changes Using Pulse Wave Velocity
Authors: Rusak Eduardo J. , Bellido Claudio A. , Iavicoli Oscar R. , Vazquez Sonia T. , Duarte Mariano , Lerman Jorge 
Published: April 2010

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2010;12:495–501. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Endothelial dysfunction is a leading cause of early development of cardiovascular diseases. Endothelial function can be assessed using ultrasound methods to watch the arterial flow‐mediated dilation. It is also possible to find changes in pulse wave velocity (PWV) after induced ischemia related to the vessel diameter changes. Pre‐ and post‐induced ischemia carotid‐radial PWV was recorded in 226 hypertensive patients (150 women [63.5±12.4 years old] and 76 men [63.2±11.8 years old] and 55 healthy patients (38 women [63.1±12.6 years old] and 17 men [54.8±12.8 years old]). The authors considered normal endothelial function a PWV reduction of 5% from baseline. To assess nondependent endothelial dilation the authors performed carotid‐radial PWV after sublingual administration of 5 mg of isosorbide dinitrate in a group of patients with abnormal flow‐mediated dilation. A significant PWV reduction of 9.8% in normal patients and only 1.2% among hypertensive patients (P<.0005) was found. After sublingual isosorbide dinitrate intake the authors observed a greater fall in PWV (14%) than that observed in healthy people after induced ischemia. Carotid‐radial PWV after induced ischemia decreased significantly in normal participants. No significant changes were observed in hypertensive patients. These results may offer a reliable tool to assess endothelial function in medium‐size arteries.
Health Economics Perspective of the Components of the Cardiometabolic Syndrome
Authors: Tamariz Leonardo , Palacio Ana , Yang Yadong , Parris Donald , Ben‐Joseph Rami , Florez Hermes 
Published: April 2010

J ClinHypertens (Greenwich). 2010;12:549–555. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The components of the cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS) increase the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). The authors compared 12‐month costs of subjects with different number of components of the CMS. In claims data from a large health benefits company, 383,420 individuals with the first International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes for hypertension, diabetes, lipid abnormalities, and obesity were identified. Patients were stratified according to presence of CAD and the number of components of the CMS. Twelve‐month costs were added after the identification of the risk factor. Mean annual costs increased with the number of components of CMS both in those with and without CAD, even after adjusting for age, sex, and comorbidities (P<.01). Similar trends were seen for medical and pharmacy costs. The adjusted total annual health care cost in those with an isolated component of the CMS was $5564 (95% confidence interval: $5491–$5631) while in those with 4 components was $12,287 (95% confidence interval: $11,987–$12,587). Individuals with accumulating components of the CMS have higher health care costs regardless of age, sex, and other comorbidities.
Habitat‐mediated size selection in endangered Atlantic salmon fry: selectional restoration assessment
Authors: Bailey Michael M. , Kinnison Michael T. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPreservation of adaptive variation is a top priority of many species restoration programs, but most restoration activities are conducted without direct knowledge of selection that might foster or impair adaptation and restoration goals. In this study, we quantified geographic variation in selection on fry size of endangered Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) during the 6‐week period immediately following stocking in the wild. We also used a model selection approach to assess whether habitat variables influence patterns of such selection. We found evidence for significant size‐selection in five out of six selection trials. Interestingly, the strength and pattern of selection varied extensively among sites, and model selection suggested that this variation in phenotypic selection was related to geographic variation in the presence of large woody debris and the slope of the stream gradient. The strong selection differentials we observed should be a concern for endangered salmon restoration, whether they reflect natural processes and an opportunity to maintain adaptation, or an indicator of the potentially deleterious phenotypic consequences of hatchery practices.
Individualized optimization of the screening interval for diabetic retinopathy: a new model
Authors: Mehlsen Jesper , Erlandsen Mogens , Poulsen Per Løgstrup , Bek Toke 
Published: April 2010

Abstract.Introduction: Screening programmes for diabetic retinopathy follow guidelines that ensure that vision‐threatening complications are detected even when the disease progression is fast. This implies that patients with slow disease progression will be recommended examinations more often than needed.Method: On the basis of previously defined individual risk factors, multiple logistic regression was used to develop a model for individualized determination of the screening interval in diabetic retinopathy, while adjusting for the fact that in the data set used to construct the model, the screening interval acted as a time‐dependent confounder. The model was tested on 1372 patients screened during year 2000.Results: It was possible to construct a model for calculating the optimal screening interval in low‐risk patients in whom the recommended screening interval was longer than 12 months. When the probability of reaching a treatment requiring event was set to 0.5%, none of the patients reached a treatment end‐point in a validation of the model, and the screening interval was prolonged on average 2.9 times in patients with type 1 diabetes and 1.2 times in those with type 2 diabetes. The predictive strength of the model depended on the number of variables included.Conclusions: It is possible to construct a model for optimizing the examination interval during screening for diabetic retinopathy in low‐risk patients. The model can potentially be improved by identifying unknown or unmeasured confounders and by including knowledge of risk factors before and after the examination on the basis of which the prediction is made.
Annual transition of major depressive episode in university students using a structured self‐rating questionnaire
Authors: Uehara Toru , Takeuchi Kazuo , Kubota Fumio , Oshima Kihachi , Ishikawa Osamu 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIntroduction: Depression frequently affects college and university students worldwide. The authors’ purpose was to estimate the positive rate of major depressive episodes (MDE) using a structured self‐report according to annual changes among Japanese university students. Data of freshmen were compared with those of students of other grades.Methods: During 9 years from 2001, 11,164 freshmen filled out the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM) scale for depression every April. During the 8 years from 2002, the same survey was administered to 31,454 students of other grades as a regular examination.Results: The positive rates of MDE were 1.2–2.0% among freshmen; they were 0.8–1.3% among students in other grades. Regarding data after 2005–2007 for female freshmen, the decrease from 2004 to 2007 was significant (P<0.05); from 2002 to 2007 (P<0.05). In 2001, and during 2005–2007, positive rates tended to be higher in male than in female students. Comparisons of MDE of freshmen and students of the other grades showed significant differences in 2005, 2006 (P<0.05), and 2009 (P<0.01). Male freshmen showed higher rates than males of the other grades in 2005, 2006 (P<0.05), 2007, and 2009 (P<0.01).Discussion: The MDE rates among university students were similar to those among the general population in Japan, and lower than those in Western countries. Among male freshmen, rates of MDE were particularly high. The reason for the recent decrease of MDE among female freshmen remains unclear. Sociocultural factors or selection bias should be considered.
Comparison of
Discharge Coefficient Measurements and Correlations for Orifices With Cross-Flow and
Rotation
Authors: Hüning Marcus 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Gas turbines and jet engines consist of a network of connected cavities beside the main gas path called the secondary air system. These cavities, which are often surrounded by stationary and high angular speed rotating walls are exposed to varying pressure and temperature levels of air or oil contaminated air and are connected to each other by orifices or restrictors. It is vital to control the secondary flow to enable a reliable and efficient engine design, which meets component durability with a minimum of parasitic air consumption. It is essential to understand the flow physics as well as network interdependency in order to minimize the flow consumption and yet meeting engine operating requirements, as well as practical parts component design or manufacturing needs. In this connection, computer network codes containing model conceptions, which can accurately predict orifice flows, are essential. In an effort to provide usable further insight into flows across restrictors, such as orifices, this publication compares test results and orifice loss calculation models from the open literature with the aid of transformation laws and contour plots. The influence of different geometric features is incorporated into a model for the calculation of discharge coefficients. This publication is an extract of the underlying widespread and more detailed ASME paper (Huening, 2008, “Comparison of Discharge Coefficient Measurements and Correlations for Several Orifice Designs With Cross-Flow and Rotation Around Several Axes,” ASME Paper No. GT2008-50976). Minor errors, noticed during adapting, are corrected.
SU‐DD‐A1‐01: Improving Delivery Accuracy of Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT)
Authors: Ye J , Rao M , Chen F , Cao D 
Published: April 2010

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of VMAT sequencer, MLC leaf motion range and MU difference for adjacent control points in VMAT plan, and gantry interval used for dose calculation on the treatment delivery accuracy. Material and Methods: VMAT plans with leaves moving across the field in alternate open‐close pattern for every 10 degrees of rotation were created on Pinnacle SmartArc 8.1v and Ergo++ V1.7.1, where VMAT DICOM RT plans were generated with different sequencers. Various MLC motion range and MU with different ratios were assigned to the adjacent control points. The plans were delivered on Elekta Synergy. Measurements with Matrixx ion‐chamber array were analyzed. Gamma passing rate were evaluated using dose calculated by interpreting the MU and MLC shapes between control points with different gantry intervals. Results: DICOM plans transferred from SmartArc had higher gamma passing rate than those from Ergo++. Passing rate decreased as the MU ratio increased for Ergo++ because its VMAT sequencer averaged the MU from two adjacent control points. Less than 2% difference was observed between dose calculated with 1 and 2 degree gantry interval. Compared to plans with 2.5cm MLC motion, passing rate for 5.0cm plans decreased by 5–15%. Verification results degraded as MU ratio increased from 5:5 to 1:9 if dose was calculated using the gantry interval of 2 degrees or larger. Gamma pass rate decreased as the calculation interval increased from 2 to 10 degrees for VMAT plans were calculated assuming MLC leaves were stationary between control points. Conclusion: Smaller MLC leaf motion range can improve VMAT delivery accuracy. A sequencer capable of keeping original MU for each control point should be used to generate VMAT DICOM RT plan. Fine gantry interval should be used for dose calculation to show the VMAT plan that reflects the delivered dose accurately.Research supported by Elekta.
SU‐DD‐A2‐06: Reliability Growth of a Fully Automated Robotic IGBT System
Authors: Podder T , Buzurovic I , Huang K , Dicker A , Yu Y 
Published: April 2010

Purpose: To evaluate the reliability growth in seed delivery by TJU's EUCLIDIAN, a fully automated robotic system, developed for image‐guided brachytherapy (IGBT). Method and Materials: Important steps in reliability growth analysis are: identification and isolation of failures, classification of failures, and trend analysis. For any one‐of‐a‐kind product, like EUCLIDIAN, reliability enhancement is accomplished through test‐fix‐test cycles of the product. Failure Mode, Effect and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) were used for collection and analysis of reliability data by identifying and categorizing the failure modes. Failures were classified according to severity. Failures that occurred in EUCLIDIAN operations were considered as Non‐Homogenous Poisson Process (NHPP), and the trend was analyzed using Laplace test. For analyzing and predicting reliability growth, commonly used and widely accepted models, Duane's model and Crow's model, were applied. Mean Time Before Failure (MTBF) was used as an important measure for assessing reliability. Results: During pre‐clinical testing, 360 seeds (in 10 cases) were deposited automatically and 6 critical failures were encountered. The majority (5 failures) of which occurred during the first three cases. The Laplace test index was −1.134 (<0), indicating significant trend in failure data, and the failure interval values were gradually becoming larger. Since the failure occurrence interval was increasing, the system reliability exhibited an increasing trend. System's failures distribution followed both the Duane's and Crow's postulations of reliability growth. MTBF was 129.4 seeds, which meant that a full brachytherapy case could be performed without any critical failure. The shape parameter for MTBF was 0.4638 (<1), suggesting positive reliability growth of the EUCLIDIAN. At 0.95 confidence, the lower and upper bounds of the MTBF were 42.8 and 612.9, respectively. Conclusion: Analyses of failure mode strongly indicated a gradual improvement in EUCLIDIAN's reliability. For better consistency in MTBF and reliability prediction, more data are being collected.Acknowledgement: supported by NCI‐R01‐CA091763.
SU‐EE‐A2‐01: Spatial Dose‐Volume Histogram (sDVH) — Incorporating Spatial Dose Information Back Into the DVH
Authors: Zhao B , Joiner MC , Liu Q , Burmeister J 
Published: April 2010

Purpose: To incorporate spatial information into dose‐volume histograms (DVH). Methods and materials: For clinical prostate and head/neck cases, initial plans were created using dose‐volume constraints for planning target volume (PTV) and organs at risk in the Eclipse treatment planning system. Dicom RT files were exported to in‐house Matlab‐based software which categorizes target dose voxels by their location within the PTV. For this study, we arbitrarily chose three regions: center, middle, and periphery. Spatial dose‐volume histograms (sDVH) were created by color‐coding the three regions within the differential DVH. Spatially optimized plans were then created using the sDVH concept to preferentially push cold spots from the target center to the periphery. Results: For both prostate and head/neck cases, the DVH and dose distributions are different for the two plans. Using DVH only, the initial plan appears more homogeneous than the spatially optimized plan, however, inspection of the dose distribution reveals that the spatially optimized plan may be clinically favorable since there is less underdosing in the center of the target. The more homogeneous initial plan has a sharper peak in the sDVH. However, it also leaves a significantly larger fraction of the center region underdosed in comparison to the spatially optimized plan (5% vs 0.5% for prostate; 11% vs 3% for head/neck). Conclusion: Treatment plan evaluation based on DVH analysis alone excludes spatial information about the dose distribution. Plans with superior DVHs might be clinically inferior once spatial dose information is considered. The sDVH is a very simple and intuitive way to incorporate spatial dose information back into the DVH format. The sDVH provides more information than DVH alone and may be more consistent with dose distribution analysis for plan ranking purposes, thus making it a useful tool for plan quality evaluation and optimization.Conflict of interest: Supported by Varian Medical Systems.
SU‐FF‐I‐41: Accuracy and Computing Time of a Ray‐Driven Projector/back‐Projector for Simulation and Reconstruction in Tomosynthesis and Cone Beam CT Imaging
Authors: Han T , Zhong Y , Chen L , Lai C , Liu X , Shen Y , Ge S , Yi Y , Shaw C 
Published: April 2010

Accurate and fast projector/back‐projector (PBP) is the key to successful simulation and iterative reconstruction of tomosynthesis and cone beam CT. In this study, the accuracy and computation speed of a ray‐driven PBP operator were investigated.To simulate x‐ray tomography imaging, a ray‐driven projector was developed and implemented on a 64 computing node PC Cluster. Each x‐ray path is represented by sampling points in the object. Their μ values are summed up to compute the integral attenuation along the path. To evaluate the accuracy of the reprojection algorithm as the function of sampling ratio (Sampling length / voxel length), reprojections obtained with a significantly smaller sampling ratio were used as reference. To minimize the additional loss of accuracy from pixelization, the pixel size of the projection images was selected to be one third of the voxel size projected back to the image plane. Error images were formed by subtracting the re‐projection from the reference re‐projection and used to compute the percentage errors.SART were implemented for image reconstruction in tomosynthesis and CBCT imaging. To evaluate its accuracy, CBCT images reconstructed with 300 projection views over 360 degree were compared to the original CBCT images. Errors were computed from the subtraction images and plotted together the computing time as the function of the sampling ratio.With reduced sampling ratio, the accuracies of both the re‐projection and SART algorithms were improved at the expense of longer computing time. The improvement was accelerated with smaller sampling ratios. Aliasing artifacts were visible when the sampling ratios were greater than 0.5.We have demonstrated that the accuracy of the re‐projection and SART reconstructions improved with reduced the sampling ratio at the expense of longer computing time for a ray‐driven PBP. The tradeoff between accuracy and computing time should be determined by the imaging requirement.