bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electromagnetic shielding properties of MWCNT/PMMA composites in Ka‐band
Authors: Mazov Ilya , Kuznetsov Vladimir , Moseenkov Sergey , Usoltseva Anna , Romanenko Anatoly , Anikeeva Olga , Buryakov Timofey , Kuzhir Polina , Maksimenko Sergey , Bychanok Dmitry , Macutkevic Jan , Seliuta Dalius , Valusis Gintaras , Banys Juras , Lambin Philippe 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA novel lightweight multi‐wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) based polymethylmetacrylate (PMMA) composite is shown to present high electromagnetic (EM) shielding. EM shielding effectiveness (SE) was investigated in the frequency range 26–37 GHz (Ka‐band). It was found that SE of the given composites strongly depends on MWCNT content. The highest EM attenuation reaching −37 dB at 28 GHz was observed for polymer film comprising 10 wt.% of MWCNT. Data on SE correlates well with the electrical conductivity measured by four‐probe technique and by broadband dielectric spectroscopy (20 Hz–1 MHz). Both microwave and low‐frequency analysis demonstrate low percolation threshold (lower than 1 wt.%) for the produced MWCNT/PMMA composites. At the same time significant electromagnetic interference absorbance demonstrates the contribution of the absorbance mechanisms specific for carbon nanostructures different of the main conductance mechanism.
Thermal expansion co‐efficient of nanotube–metal composites
Authors: Uddin Sheikh M. , Mahmud Tanvir , Wolf Christoph , Glanz Carsten , Kolaric Ivica , Hulman Martin , Neubauer Erich , Roth Siegmar 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThermal expansion exhibits considerable challenges developing residual stresses at the interfaces of different materials treated at high temperature. Electrical devices containing materials with different thermal expansion behaviour very often suffer this problem. Thermal expansion co‐efficient (TEC) of different metals can be tuned by using carbon nanotube (CNT). Metal matrix composites (MMCs) using CNT are fabricated by hot‐press sintering method and TEC of the composites are investigated throughout a wide range of temperature (−155 to 275 °C). Reduction of TEC of the composite materials was observed up to 20% compared to that of pure metals. The effect of CNTs in the matrix materials and the mechanism behind the improvement are explained from the microscopic investigation of the composites.
Carbon nanotube synthesis via ceramic catalysts
Authors: Bachmatiuk Alicja , Bystrzejewski Michal , Schäffel Franziska , Ayala Paola , Wolff Ulrike , Mickel Christine , Gemming Thomas , Pichler Thomas , Borowiak‐Palen Ewa , Klingeler Rüdiger , Hübers Heinz‐Wilhelm , Ulbrich Marek , Knupfer Martin , Haberer Danny , Büchner Bernd , Rümmeli Mark H. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe potential for ceramics as catalysts for carbon nanotubes (CNTs) formation exceeds that of metal catalysts in that ceramics can serve not only as a catalyst particle for CNT nucleation/growth as found with metal catalysts, but they can also serve as a template for the synthesis of carbon nanostructures. They can also be purified more readily. Here we present studies on the growth of CNTs from ceramics in laser pyrolysis and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) routes. We show CNT growth from both nanowires and ceramic particles. In addition, doping of the CNTs can also be achieved through the use of ceramic catalysts. Since ceramic materials are easily removed from the as‐produced samples as compared to metal catalysts, they are attractive for further application, e.g., in carbon‐based electronics.
CVD growth of carbon nanotubes using molecular nanoclusters as catalyst
Authors: Goss K. , Kamra A. , Spudat C. , Meyer C. , Kögerler P. , Schneider C. M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe growth of isolated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using chemical vapour deposition process catalysed by the molecular nanocluster {Mo72Fe30} of the Keplerate structure type in different oxidation states is studied on different substrates. The molecule in its oxidized state (MoVI/FeIII) agglomerates in solution. Thus, nucleation from large catalyst particles cannot provide a narrow CNT diameter distribution. However, a partially reduced and charged form of the same molecule (MoV/MoVI) enables growth from small nucleation sites as evidenced by atomic force microscope imaging, albeit the yield in this case is dramatically reduced.
Silicon carbide nanowires: synthesis and cathodoluminescence
Authors: Huczko Andrzej , Dąbrowska Agnieszka , Savchyn Volodymyr , Popov Anatoli I. , Karbovnyk Ivan 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSilicon carbide nanowires have been synthesized via a combustion synthesis route. Structural studies showed that obtained SiC nanowires belong dominantly to 3C polytype with zincblend structure. Cathodoluminescence spectra from these nanostructures within the temperature range of 77…300 K, show obvious differences with respect to the bulk materials. The exciton band of the bulk 3C‐SiC is significantly damped and the prevailing line is found to be at 1.99 eV (77 K), proving the key role of defect centers in optical properties of the investigated nanomaterial.magnified imagePurified SiC nanowires.
Commercial carbon nanotubes as heterogeneous catalysts in energy related applications
Authors: Zhang J. , Su D.S. , Schlögl R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe report the application of commercial carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in two important heterogeneously catalyzed reactions, i.e., NH3 decomposition and oxidative dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene (EB). For NH3 decomposition, CNTs were used as supports for Co–Mo nanoparticles. The structure of fresh and used catalysts was characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and line‐scan energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX). Most of the nanoparticles are individually separated and the synergism mainly increases the long‐term stability rather than the activity. For the oxidative dehydrogenation, the metal‐free CNTs display a superior performance as compared to the Fe‐doped CNTs. The outstanding results in both reactions predict an extremely promising future of commercial nanocarbons in modern catalysis.
Thin‐film transistors fabricated from semiconductor‐enriched single‐wall carbon nanotubes
Authors: Fujii Shunjiro , Tanaka Takeshi , Miyata Yasumitsu , Suga Hiroshi , Naitoh Yasuhisa , Minari Takeo , Miyadera Tetsuhiko , Tsukagoshi Kazuhito , Kataura Hiromichi 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSolution‐processed thin‐film transistors (TFTs) were fabricated from semiconductor‐enriched single‐wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). By coating with a self‐assembled monolayer of aminosilanes, one drop of SWCNT solution produced a uniform SWCNT random network on a SiO2/Si substrate. Thin films prepared by this method were used to fabricate SWCNT‐TFTs and high‐yield fabrication and stable transfer characteristics were achieved. We prepared three types of TFTs from pristine, metal‐enriched, and semiconductor‐enriched SWCNTs. All TFTs fabricated from semiconductor‐enriched SWCNTs exhibited on/off ratios greater than 104, whereas the other TFTs had much lower on/off ratios. This result clearly demonstrates the advantage of using semiconductor‐enriched SWCNTs for device applications and is expected to lead to integrated circuits made from SWCNTs in the near future.
Electronic properties of single‐walled carbon nanotubes encapsulating a cerium organometallic compound
Authors: Shiozawa Hidetsugu , Kramberger Christian , Rümmeli Mark , Batchelor David , Kataura Hiromichi , Pichler Thomas , Silva S. Ravi P. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSingle‐walled carbon nanotubes are filled with a cerium organometallic compound. Using core‐level excitation spectroscopy we study the electronic structure of specific atoms in this complex compound. From X‐ray absorption spectroscopy we show that the electronic configuration of cerium is nearly trivalent. Resonant photoemission spectroscopy provides further details of the valence electronic properties of cerium as well as of carbon. Thermal annealing modifies the chemical identity of the filling that varies the electronic interactions between the nanotubes and filling material.Schematic for a single‐walled carbon nanotube encapsulating cerocene molecules.magnified image
Generation and Analysis of Interaction Energy Maps of p‐Substituted Benzoic Acid [(5‐Nitro‐thiophen‐2‐yl)‐methylene]‐ Hydrazides Active against MRSA
Authors: Masunari Andrea , Sonehara Ieda Yuriko , Pasqualoto Kerly Fernanda Mesquita , Tavares Leoberto Costa 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn this preliminary study eighteen p‐substituted benzoic acid [(5‐nitro‐thiophen‐2‐yl)‐methylene]‐hydrazides with antimicrobial activity were evaluated against multidrug‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus, correlating the three‐dimensional characteristics of the ligands with their respective bioactivities. The computer programs Sybyl and CORINA were used, respectively, for the design and three‐dimensional conversion of the ligands. Molecular interaction fields were calculated using GRID program. Calculations using Volsurf resulted in a statistically consistent model with 48 structural descriptors showing that hydrophobicity is a fundamental property in the analyzed biological response.
A family of large margin linear classifiers and its application in dynamic environments
Authors: Shen Jianqiang , Dietterich Thomas G. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractReal‐time prediction problems pose a challenge to machine learning algorithms because learning must be fast, the set of classes may be changing, and the relevance of some features to each class may be changing. To learn robust classifiers in such nonstationary environments, it is essential not to assign too much weight to any single feature. We address this problem by combining regularization mechanisms with online large‐margin learning algorithms. We prove bounds on their error and show that removing features with small weights has little influence on prediction accuracy, suggesting that these methods exhibit feature selection ability. We show that such regularized learning algorithms automatically decrease the influence of older training instances and focus on the more recent ones. This makes them especially attractive in dynamic environments. We evaluate our algorithms through experimental results on real data sets and through experiments with an online activity recognition system. The results show that these regularized large‐margin methods adapt more rapidly to changing distributions and achieve lower overall error rates than state‐of‐the‐art methods. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 2: 328‐345, 2009
A structural view on the emergence of a conception: Conceptual change as radical reconstruction of contexts
Authors: Larsson Åsa , Halldén Ola 
Published: November 2009

AbstractConceptual change is often described as a causal process in which changes in an embraced system of beliefs result in a new system of beliefs. Here, it is argued that conceptual change is better understood as an intentional activity with regard to the learner, that is, what the learner is doing when trying to understand something. Children were interviewed every year during a period of 3 years from their ages of 4–6 years of age. In the study, there were 37 children participating, of which 29 were followed during all 3 years. They were asked to tell about their beliefs about the earth, and their developing understanding is described. The results show that in the conceptual changes the children's main concern was to restructure the often vast amount of knowledge they possessed. This reconstruction is described as a simultaneous reconstruction of conceptual contexts as well as contexts for their application. This also directs the focus of conceptual change from specific conceptions to structural changes. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 94:640–664, 2010
Der Aufschweißbiegeversuch oder: Nichts ist beständiger als ein Provisorium?
Authors: Stranghöner Natalie 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDer vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen historischen Rückblick auf die Entwicklung des Aufschweißbiegeversuchs nach SEP 1390:1996‐07, der seit den 40er Jahren des letzten Jahrhunderts als empirischer Versuch zur Gewährleistung ausreichender Duktilität der verwendeten Stahlgüte bei auf Zug oder Biegezug beanspruchten geschweißten Stahlblechen mit Dicken größer 30 mm angewendet wird. Der Aufschweißbiegeversuch wurde nach den Schadensfällen 1936 an der Zoo‐Brücke in Berlin und 1938 an der Reichsautobahnbrücke Rüdersdorf als Versuch zur Beurteilung der Dehnfähigkeit eines geschweißten Blechs von Otto Kommerell entwickelt und zunächst als best geeignetes Hilfsmittel angesehen. Korrelationsuntersuchungen zum Kerbschlagbiegeversuch wurden seinerzeit und heutzutage mit dem Ergebnis durchgeführt, dass es keine gute Korrelation gibt. Im Zuge der europäischen Harmonisierung wurde der Aufschweißbiegeversuch durch ein Äquivalenzkriterium ersetzt, so dass seine Funktion – die Erzielung einer bestimmten Lieferqualität – erhalten bleibt.The AUBI‐test or: nothing is more constant than a provisionary solution?The present contribution is a review on the development of the German AUBI‐test (Aufschweißbiegeversuch) according to SEP 1390:1996‐07. In the forties of the last century the AUBI‐test was developed by Otto Kommerell after brittle fractures occurred 1936 at the Zoo‐bridge in Berlin and at the highway bridge at Rüdersorf 1938. The AUBI‐test should provide a possibility for testing and ensuring sufficient ductility of welded steel plates loaded in tension with a thickness greater than 30 mm. Initially the AUBI‐test was treated just as an auxiliary possibility. Investigations regarding a possible correlation between impact bending tests and AUBI‐tests at that time and nowadays showed that a good correlation is not available. In the frame of the European harmonisation the AUBI‐test was replaced by an equivalent criterion, which still obtains the function of the test: achieving a special quality of delivery.
Zur Tragfähigkeit von druck‐ und biegebeanspruchten C‐Profilen aus Stahl
Authors: Ungermann Dieter , Kalameya Jens , Brune Bettina 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDie Regelungen und Nachweiskonzepte in den Stahlbaunormen DIN 18800 und Eurocode 3 zur Stab‐ und Gesamtstabilität von Bauteilen unter Normalspannungen sind weitestgehend durch Untersuchungen an I‐ und Kastenprofilen hergeleitet und verifiziert worden. Eine Übertragung und Überprüfung für davon abweichende Profilformen, im Speziellen für die hier behandelten C‐Profile, existiert nicht.Es wird ein geschlossenes, durchgängiges Bemessungskonzept vorgestellt, das es erlaubt, das Tragverhalten von Bauteilen mit C‐förmigem Querschnitt ohne längsaussteifende Querschnittselemente unter Druck‐ und/oder Biegebeanspruchung wirklichkeitsnah zu beschreiben und rechnerisch zu erfassen. Dabei wird den möglichen Stabilitätsproblemen – das heißt lokalem Plattenbeulen, globaler Stabstabilität und dem Zusammenspiel beider einzelnen Stabilitätsprobleme – besondere Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt.Ultimate loads of steel channel sections in compression and bending.Especially for members susceptible to global buckling or coupled instabilities the design rules in the relevant codes DIN 18800 and Eurocode 3 have been developed for and verified by research on I‐shaped or hollow sections. For deviant shapes, particularly the regarded channel sections, a transfer or verification of these design concepts does not exist.A comprehensive design method is presented, allowing to describe the load‐carrying behavior of channel‐shaped members without longitudinal stiffeners in compression and/or bending realistically. Special attention has been paid to the regards of stability problems, i.e. local and global buckling as well as a combination of both, the so‐called coupled instability.
Stabilitätsnachweis für Tragpfähle von kombinierten Stahlspundwänden nach EC 3
Authors: Kuhlmann Ulrike , Grabe Jürgen , Froschmeier Bernadette , Pavlovčič Luka , Schümann Björn 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDieser Beitrag stellt die Ergebnisse einer Kurzstudie [17] vor, in der das Stabilitätsverhalten der Tragpfähle von kombinierten Stahlspundwänden untersucht wurde. Zunächst werden die neu entwickelten Bemessungsregeln für Stabstabilität nach Eurocode 3 vorgestellt. Erste Beispielberechnungen zeigen, dass mit dessen Anwendung nicht nur der Berechnungsaufwand ansteigt, sondern auch das Bemessungsniveau konservativer wird. Wird die Stützwirkung des Bodens in Form einer Federhalterung angesetzt, ist ein großer Anstieg der rechnerischen Tragfähigkeit zu verzeichnen. Für die Spezifizierung der Federsteifigkeit des Baugrunds wurden beispielhaft Momenten‐Verdrehungsbeziehungen ermittelt. Die erforderlichen Drehfedersteifigkeiten, die notwendig sind, um das alte Bemessungsniveau zu erreichen, können von den Werten für die vorhandene Steifigkeit überschritten werden. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Entwicklung eines Verfahrens für die effiziente Stabilitätsbemessung der Tragpfähle von Stahlspundwänden sowohl notwendig als auch möglich ist.Stability verification of H‐Sections used in combined quay walls according EC 3.This contribution presents results of a small research project [17] analysing the stability aspects of king‐piles of combined steel sheet piles. First of all the, new design rules according to Eurocode·3 are explicated. Exemplified calculations have shown that with the use these rules not only the effort for design increases but also the verification level will be more conservative. The embedment of the surrounding soil being considered in the form of a spring support, a big rise of the bearing load is observed. For the specification of the spring stiffness derived from the soil embedment exemplified moment‐rotation relations were developed. The stiffness exceeds the required rotational stiffness necessary for reaching the old level of bearing load respectively based on the existing codes. Thus, it was possible to show, that the development of a procedure for the efficient stability design of combined steel sheet pile walls is necessary as well as feasible.
Vereisung von Kabeln
Authors: Wagner Tobias , Peil Udo 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAerodynamische Instabilität von Seilen als Folge eines durch Eisablagerungen geänderten Querschnitts ist ein bekanntes Phänomen. Da die experimentelle Untersuchung von Vereisungsvorgängen sehr aufwendig ist, soll hier ein numerisches Vereisungsmodell vorgestellt werden. Das numerische Modell besteht aus zwei Berechnungsschritten: Zunächst wird die Strömung aus Luft und Niederschlagspartikeln als einfach gekoppelte Zweiphasenströmung berechnet. Basierend auf dem Massestrom der Niederschlagspartikel wird dann das Eiswachstum ermittelt. Die neue Geometrie dient dann als Grundlage für die nächste Strömungsberechnung.Ice accretion on cables.Aerodynamic instability of cables due to ice accretion is a known phenomenon. Investigating the shape and density of the ice accretion by experiments is very complex. Therefore a numerical model is presented to simulate ice accretion processes on cables. The model is divided into two main parts, the calculation of the flow field and the ice accretion. The stream of air and precipitation particles is modeled as a one‐way coupled multiphase flow. Ice accretion and flow field are calculated iteratively to account for geometrical changes of the ice deposit in the flow calculation.
Rezension: Stahlbau 11/2009
Authors: Kurrer Karl‐Eugen 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDie MAN. Eine deutsche Industriegeschichte. By J. Bähr, R. Banken, Th. FlemmingVon Ideen und Erfolgen. 40 Jahre MAN TECHNOLOGIE. By H.‐G. Hansen, H. Rauck
Zuschriften zu: Momber, A., Plagemann, P., Stenzel, V., Schneider, M.: Beurteilung von Korrosionsschutzsystemen für Offshore‐Windenergietürme — Teil 2: Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerungen
Authors: Momber Andreas 
Published: November 2009

Abstract[Stahlbau 78 (2009), H. 6, S. 394–401 ]
Translating FSP into LOTOS and networks of automata
Authors: Lang Frédéric , Salaün Gwen , Hérilier Rémi , Kramer Jeff , Magee Jeff 
Published: November 2009

Abstract

Many process calculi have been proposed since Robin Milner and Tony Hoare opened the way more than 25 years ago. Although they are based on the same kernel of operators, most of them are incompatible in practice. We aim at reducing the gap between process calculi, and especially making possible the joint use of underlying tool support. Finite state processes (FSP) is a widely used calculus equipped with L
tsa
, a graphical and user-friendly tool. Language of temporal ordering specification (L
otos
) is the only process calculus that has led to an international standard, and is supported by the C
adp
verification toolbox. We propose a translation of FSP sequential processes into L
otos
. Since FSP composite processes (i.e., parallel compositions of processes) are hard to encode directly in L
otos
, they are translated into networks of automata which are another input language accepted by C
adp
. Hence, it is possible to use jointly L
tsa
and C
adp
to validate FSP specifications. Our approach is completely automated by a translator tool.
Pregabalin, celecoxib, and their combination for treatment of chronic low-back pain
Authors: Romanò Carlo Luca , Romanò Delia , Bonora Cristina , Mineo Giuseppe 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Background
The efficacy and safety of the association of celecoxib [a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor] and pregabalin (commonly used to control neuropathic pain), compared with monotherapy of each, were evaluated for the treatment of chronic low-back pain, a condition known to be due to neuropathic as well as nociceptive pain mechanisms.

Materials and methods
In this prospective randomized trial, 36 patients received three consecutive 4-week treatment regimes, randomly assigned: celecoxib plus placebo, pregabalin plus placebo, and celecoxib plus pregabalin. All patients were assessed by using a visual analogue scale (VAS, 0–100 mm) and the Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (LANSS) pain scale by an investigator blinded to the administered pharmacological treatment.

Results
Celecoxib and pregabalin were effective in reducing low-back pain when patients were pooled according to LANSS score. The association of celecoxib and pregabalin was more effective than either monotherapy in a mixed population of patients with chronic low-back pain and when data were pooled according to LANSS score. Adverse effects of drug association and monotherapies were similar, with reduced drug consumption in the combined therapy.

Conclusions
Combination of celecoxib and pregabalin is more effective than monotherapy for chronic low-back pain, with similar adverse effects.
Vertical Bazaars of Modernity: Western Department Stores and Their Staff in Istanbul (1889–1921)
Authors: Köse Yavuz 
Published: November 2009

SummaryThis article examines Western department stores active in Istanbul between 1889 and 1921. It explores two aspects crucial for the department stores’ retail system: location and personnel. It goes on to demonstrate that Western department stores were situated not only in the Western districts of the city but also in traditional areas, such as the bazaar district. Rather than being exclusive they appear to have been closely connected with local business and aimed to appeal to the ethnically highly mixed customer pool. Equally, the workforce was heterogeneous, with the majority of local employees having diverse ethnic backgrounds, including Greek, Jewish, and Armenian, though rarely Muslim. Based on a large-scale sample drawn from the address registers of the Annuaire Oriental yearbook, the analysis of personal letters, and on Ottoman daily newspaper and journals, this study sheds light on the individuals who worked at a number of department stores, their ethnic composition, sex ratio, duration of employment, the job types they carried out, as well as their income situation, career paths, and domiciles. It hopes to contribute to the labour history of the late Ottoman Empire by exploring, for the first time, the employees of Western department stores, workers who have rarely attracted the attention of scholars so far.