bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occupational Hazard for Pathologists
Authors: George Evan 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
The association of prolonged microscope use with the development of chronic pain syndromes has been recognized for nearly 3 decades; yet most pathologists are not well-informed about this hazard until after they develop a problem. The purpose of this article is to make pathologists aware of this risk, discuss current pathogenetic models, and encourage them to proactively integrate prevention strategies into their daily lives.
Investigation of a typology of alcohol‐related violence defined by ultimate goals
Authors: McMurran Mary , Jinks Mary , Howells Kevin , Howard Richard 
Published: March 2010

Purpose. Alcohol‐related violence is a serious problem and treatments for high‐risk individuals need to be developed. Classification helps to route people into appropriate treatments. Drawing on animal research, we define alcohol‐related violence in relation to ultimate goals. We propose three types of violence: (1) violence in the pursuit of material goals, (2) violence in pursuit of social dominance goals, and (3) violence as defence in response to threat. The aim is to explore factors that we expect to relate to this tripartite typology, with the aim of providing a preliminary validation. Method. Participants were 149 young male prisoners who had committed an offence of violence that was alcohol related. Semi‐structured interviews elicited information about the offence that enabled classification into one of the three types. Differences between groups were examined at the event level – level of violence during the offence and alcohol consumption before the offence – and at group level – trait aggression, trait anxiety, anger control, and alcohol–aggression outcome expectancies. Results. No differences were found in levels of violence or alcohol consumption. Those whose violence was in the pursuit of material goals were high on trait aggression, trait anger, trait anxiety, and anger suppression. Those who used violence in the pursuit of social dominance showed high trait aggression and trait anger. Those whose violence was a defence in response to threat showed lower trait aggression and trait anger. Conclusion. The findings are discussed in relation to differential group profiles and treatment needs.
The dynamics of illness perceptions: Testing assumptions of Leventhal's common‐sense model in a pulmonary rehabilitation setting
Authors: Fischer Maarten , Scharloo Margreet , Abbink Jannie , van 't Hul Alex , van Ranst Dirk , Rudolphus Arjan , Weinman John , Rabe Klaus , Kaptein Ad A. 
Published: March 2010

Objectives. Although Leventhal's common‐sense model (CSM) is proposed to represent a dynamic system, limited research has been conducted to investigate whether and how illness perceptions change. This study tested two hypotheses from the CSM about the dynamics of illness perceptions of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a pulmonary rehabilitation setting.Design and methods. The study employed a longitudinal design. Patients with COPD (N=87) who took part in a pulmonary rehabilitation programme filled out the Illness Perception Questionnaire – Revised (IPQ‐R) before and after treatment and rated the degree to which the rehabilitation had led to the achievement of desired outcomes. Clinical variables and quality of life (Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire) data were obtained from medical records.Results. In line with expectations, results showed that, at baseline, longer time since diagnosis was associated to perceptions corresponding with a chronic illness model (longer illness duration, more experienced consequences, less perceived personal controllability), after correction for clinical variables. After completion of the rehabilitation programme, patients who were more convinced that their participation had led to the achievement of desired outcomes were less concerned about the negative consequences of COPD, had stronger perceptions about the variability in symptoms (cyclical timeline) and had stronger perceptions of personal controllabilityConclusions. We conclude that, in accordance with Leventhal et al.'s CSM, coping with an illness is a continuous process and the achievement of desired outcomes during treatment is likely to enable patients to adopt a more positive representation of their illness.
Coping in subclinical paranoia: A two nations study
Authors: Melo Sara Sigmaringa , Bentall Richard P. 
Published: March 2010

Background.Trower and Chadwick argued that there are two types of paranoia: ‘poor me’, in which persecution is seen as undeserved, and ‘bad me’, in which it is perceived to be deserved. These authors outlined a theory which accounts for both types of paranoia and makes predictions regarding their stability.Aims and objectives.To examine whether different degrees of persecutory ideation and deservedness are associated with different coping strategies in non‐clinical populations.Methodology.Six hundred and eight university students from two European countries (UK and Portugal) took part via the Internet, and were assessed in terms of the severity of persecution and deservedness (Persecution and Deservedness Scale), mood (Beck Depression Inventory), and coping strategies (Response Styles to Depression Questionnaire and COPE Questionnaire).Results.Deservedness was associated with acceptance and with engaging in dangerous activities.Conclusions.‘Poor me’ and ‘bad me’ paranoia may represent separate phases of the same unstable defensive phenomenon. The effectiveness of the existing psychological interventions in prodromal psychosis could be increased by addressing the negative impact of safety behaviours and of substance misuse and by encouraging the practice of more adaptive ways of dealing with everyday problems.
Black Box Data from Accident Vehicles: Methods of Retrieval, Translation, and Interpretation
Authors: Rosenbluth William 
Published: March 2010

Description
This new ASTM monograph introduces detailed methods of analyzing information from automobile EDRs. EDRs in automobiles accumulate and store data from specific sensors and actuators which can be analyzed to help investigators determine what the vehicle was doing before, during and after an impact event. The methods discussed are illustrated with specific examples of the parsing, translation and interpretation of raw downloaded hexadecimal EDR data into engineering units useful to engineering investigators.
Also included are specific spreadsheet formulations to accomplish the importing, parsing, translation and interpretation of EDR data into useful engineering units.
In addition to providing primary translations and interpretations, such methods and examples can also help investigators verify and confirm translations and interpretations previously provided to them.
Seventh International ASTM∕ESIS Symposium on Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics (36th ASTM National Symposium on Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics)
Authors: Neu Richard W. , Wallin Kim R. W. , Thompson Steven R. 
Published: March 2010

Description
Forty-two peer reviewed papers present the latest research in:
• Residual stress effects on fatigue and fracture
• Multiscale and physics-based approaches
• Reactor components and materials
• Fatigue crack growth
• Predicting the effects of elevated temperatures and environment
• Fatigue and fracture of specific components, joining methods, surface treatments, and coatings.
Each of these areas presents their own challenges to the development and application of engineering approaches to predict the structural integrity and remaining life of systems.
Josquin's Qui habitat and the Psalm Motets
Authors: Perkins Leeman L. 
Published: March 2010

Traditional methods of stylistic analysis may be useful for delimiting repertories and musical genres on the basis of common features, but they have proved inadequate to the task of distinguishing between general style traits that a composer may choose to cultivate and the compositional voice that is uniquely his own. Particularly relevant in this regard are the questions raised by compositions ascribed to Josquin Desprez. Examples from among the psalm motets that bear his name in the sources illustrate the usefulness of stylistic criteria in establishing affinities shared by a group of works and, conversely, the radically different conclusions that have been drawn by scholars working in the field regarding specific pieces as to their composer and the date of their composition. This circumstance has apparently led to an increased reliance on source-critical criteria for accepting or rejecting Josquin's authorship.
Josquin's Qui habitat in adiutorio Altissimi, one of the most widely circulated and securely attributed of the psalm motets that carry the composer's name, serves as a paradigm for identifying compositional procedures that go beyond the stylistic generalities shared by Josquin and his immediate contemporaries (i.e., traits in use everywhere that could be imitated with comparative ease by a skilled composer) and that can therefore be understood as elements of Josquin's unique compositional voice. The most striking feature of this sort in Qui habitat is a skillful and ingenious use of a variety of iterative procedures, including internal repetitions that appear to be largely wanting in the music of his contemporaries even in their use of syntactic imitation.
Owing to their close identification with the composer's unique idiom, such procedures furnish a touchstone for determining the reliability of the attributions in the sources. Specifically, their presence in the small repertory of psalm motets that appear to have been more or less universally admitted to the Josquin canon provides a basis for comparison with a number of works whose attributions to Josquin have been questioned.
Outcome of Early-Onset Sepsis in a National Cohort of Very Low Birth Weight Infants
Authors: Klinger Gil , Levy Itzhak , Sirota Lea , Boyko Valentina , Lerner-Geva Liat , Reichman Brian ,   in collaboration with the Israel Neonatal Network
Published: March 2010

BACKGROUND:
Early-onset sepsis (EOS) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality among infants with a very low birth weight (VLBW); however, there is a sparse amount of complete data on large cohorts.

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the mortality and major morbidities among VLBW infants with EOS.

METHODS:
This was a population-based observational study. Data were prospectively collected by the Israel Neonatal Network on all VLBW infants born in Israel from 1995 through 2005. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed to assess the independent association of EOS on morbidity and mortality of VLBW infants.

RESULTS:
The study cohort included 15 839 infants, of whom 383 (2.4%) developed EOS. EOS was associated with significantly increased odds for mortality (odds ratio [OR]: 2.57 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.97–3.35]), severe intraventricular hemorrhage (OR: 2.24 [95% CI: 1.67–3.00]), severe retinopathy of prematurity (OR: 2.04 [95% CI: 1.32–3.16]), and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (OR: 1.74 [95% CI: 1.24–2.43]). EOS was associated with an increased risk of death and/or severe neurologic morbidity (OR: 2.92 [95% CI: 2.27–3.80]).

CONCLUSIONS:
Although only 2.4% of VLBW infants had an episode of EOS, these infants were at an approximately threefold excess risk of death or major neurologic morbidities.
Recovery Mechanisms in Fractured Reservoirs and Field Performance
Authors: Firoozabadi Abbas 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Fractured petroleum reservoirs provide considerable challenge in studyingnatural depletion, immiscible gas injection, miscible gas injection, and waterinjection. In this overview, certain key aspects of two-phase flow in relationto gas injection and water injection in fractured reservoirs are reviewed. Onemain conclusion from the review is that the field performance can be veryefficient by water injection in some weakly water-wet fractured eservoirsdespite the poor recovery in the laboratory by the conventional imbibitiontests.

Introduction
Fractured hydrocarbon reservoirs provide over 20 % of the world oil reserves andproduction. Examples of the prolific fractured petroleum reservoirs are:the Asmari limestone reservoirs in Iran,the vugular carbonate reservoirs in Mexico, andthe group of chalk reservoirs of the North Sea.
These prolificreservoirs produce more than five million barrels of oil a day; their commonfeature is a long life span, which could last several decades. There are alarge number of other fractured hydrocarbons reservoirs that may have featuresvery different from the above reservoirs. Examples of such reservoirs are the Austin chalk field and the Keystone (Ellenberger) field in Texas, and the Tempa Rossa field in Italy. In the Keystone field, the average matrix porosity isaround 2.5% the Austin chalk and Tempa Rossa also have very low porosity. Onthe other hand, the average matrix porosity of the Ekofisk chalk field in the North Sea is around 35%.
Fractured reservoirs can be classified into three different groups. For groupone, the bulk of the hydrocarbon resides in the matrix and fracture pore volume(PV) is very small in comparison to the matrix PV. The Ekofisk field in the North Sea is an example of this group(1). In group two, most of thehydrocarbon is in the matrix, but fracture PV could be as high as 10 to 20%.The Asmari limestone reservoirs are an example of the secondgroup(2). For group three, more than half of the hydrocarbon residesin the fracture; in some cases, the contribution of the matrix can benegligible. The Keystone (Ellenberger) field in Texas is an example of afractured reservoir where most of the hydrocarbon is from thefractures(3). There are very few reports of the productionperformance of group three in the literature. For all three groups, the matrixpermeability is often low-of the order of several md to less than 0.01 md. Theeffective permeability due to fractures increases from one to several orders ofmagnitude. In some of the reservoirs of group three, the productive life variesfrom less than one year to several years. The ultimate recovery from fracturedreservoirs varies widely- from less than 10 % to over 60%. The recovery factorin group three could vary from 10% to over 60% the recovery factor of 10 % ismostly from the fracture and rock compressibility, and the recovery of 60 % ismainly from gravity drainage. Later we will study the key factors that affectrecovery performance of fractured reservoirs.
Numerical and Experimental Modelling of the Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD)
Authors: Sasaki K. , Akibayahsi S. , Yazawa N. , Doan Q. , Ali S.M. Farouq 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
For complex petroleum recovery processes, an experimental investigation isusually performed with a numerical simulation to study the recoverymechanism(s). In this paper, both physical and numerical simulations of thesteam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) process were performed. One of theobjectives of the numerical investigation was to determine the match betweenumerical results with data generated from scaled model experiments. The Computer Modelling Group's (CMG) STARS? thermal simulator was used. Resultsfrom the numerical simulation were found to be in reasonable agreement withthose obtained from the experiments for oil production rates, and cumulativeoil production. In addition, the steam chamber volume and temperaturedistribution were also examined. ffects of different parameters, such as steaminjection pressure, vertical separation between injection and production wells, nd reservoir thickness, on the performance of the SAGD process ereinvestigated. They were observed to have the same effects on both experimentaland numerical results. The numerical simulator was also used to study theinfluence of rock and fluid properties, such as oil viscosity, permeability, porosity, and the mount of heat loss from the reservoir to thesurroundings.

Introduction
The steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) process was developed by Butler(1), and is illustrated in Figure 1. It has been applied inseveral projects, including the Underground Test Facility (UTF) and has shownpromise of achieving high recovery (more than 50 % of OOIP in some cases).
Many experimental and numerical studies of the SAGD process have been carriedout over the last ten years, on different aspects of the process. One of therecent numerical studies was presented by Chow and Butler(2). Theyfocused on history matching the oil recovery and the steam temperatureinterface position with those observed in the SAGD experiments by Chung and Butler(3).
In the present study, numerical history matching of the experimental data, suchas the oil production and the steam chamber temperature contours [Sasaki etal.(4)] is the main focus. Furthermore, time to establish initialcommunication between the two steam injection and production wells (steambreakthrough time) was investigated. The physical and operational conditions inthe experimental study were different, compared to those used in Chung and Butler's experiments(3). They included a pressure drop of?Pi = 20 kPa, permeability of k =142 D; no pre-heating was employed.The experiments were configured to examine phenomena associated with the risingchamber. More details are provided in the following, for both experimentalinvestigation and numerical simulation.

Description of the Experimental Model
Several 2D visual, scaled physical models were used in the experiments. Theywere designed to represent a vertical section of a heavy oil reservoir. Themodels had sidewalls of acrylic resin (of 20 mm in thickness).
Some Recent Developments in SAGD
Authors: Butler Roger. M. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) is being used increasingly for the recovery of bitumen and heavy oil in Canada. Four large SAGD projects are under construction in Athabasca and two others have been announced. These projects are expected to produce bitumen economically and with a recovery greater than 50%. Productivity will be close to 1000 B/d per well pair. There are also many successful smaller, and growing, projects and pilots in Athabasca, Cold Lake and Lloydminster. Because of the rising costs of fuel it is desirable to reduce steam requirements for SAGD. Means for doing this include cogeneration of steam and power, alternate fuels, choosing better reservoirs, improved heat recovery, and the newer related processes, SAGP and Vapex.
In Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD)(1), Steam and Gas Push (SAGP)(2), and Vapour Extraction (Vapex)(3) the oil isduced in viscosity and produced by gravity drainage to horizontalells placed low in the reservoir. As the oil drains, the vacatedreservoir pores are filled largely with gas/steam in SAGD, steam lus non-condensible gas in SAGP and solvent vapour plus noncondensible gas in Vapex.
A common feature of the three processes is that the use of long horizontal wells combined with the reduced viscosity of the produced oil allows the production of oil with essentially no by-pass of free gas. In suitable reservoirs economic rates are achieved whereas with conventional wells or without adequate viscosity reduction there would be intolerable gas coning. High recoveries are obtained because of the systematic nature of the drainage. Since the author's earlier paper in this series(4) there has been a great increase in the interest in this subject and there are now many substantial field projects in various stages of planning and construction.

Advanced Commercial SAGD Projects In Athabasca
SAGD is at the stage where several major field projects to recover bitumen from Athabasca are either under construction or about to be. In most cases, the reservoirs are thicker than those that have been exploited previously and superior results are anticipated. The initial investment for large SAGD projects is of the order of $10,000 Canadian per B/d of capacity and the Steam Oil Ratio (SOR) is about 1.9 to 2.5. The supply costs for bitumen will probably be less than $10 Canadian per barrel, including return but excluding the fuel cost. This important cost is discussed later. Generally product lifting from the reservoir is by natural flow, a technique first demonstrated by Sceptre Resources and now used in several of the pilots. Four large commercial SAGD projects are described below. A recovery of over 50﹪ of the oil in place is expected in each. Figure 1 shows the approximate locations of the projects discussed below.

Alberta Energy Company (AEC) Foster Creek (T70 R4 W4M)(5)
This is a commercial expansion of AEC's pilot project, which produces 2,000 B/d from three SAGD well pairs.
Mechanisms of Solution Gas Drive in Heavy Oil Reservoirs
Authors: Firoozabadi Abbas 
Published: March 2010

Introduction
Solution gas drive in heavy oil reservoirs (with viscosity in the range of 10 to 1,000 poise and API gravity in the range of eight to 15), which is often referred to as cold production, has a long production history in Canada. In a recent review paper, Dusseault et al.(1) presented the information that more than 5,000 wells in Canada have produced heavy oil by cold production. In addition to Canada, cold production from heavy oil reservoirs has been practiced in Venezuela(2), China(3), and Oman(4). Recoveries from some of the heavy oil reservoirs by cold production are estimated to be as high as 20﹪. The high recovery is often associated with a low pressure decline rate in the reservoir and the slow increase of GOR in the two-phase below the bubblepoint, as well as geomechanical effects. Recoveries in the range of 10 to 20﹪ below the bubblepoint pressure are believed unusual for very heavy oils. In this overview, we will briefly review the literature and then provide some insight into the relevant mechanisms for cold production.

Literature Review
An early paper by Smith(5) set the stage for the understanding of cold production from solution gas drive in heavy oil reservoirs. In his work, Smith provides an analysis of solution gas drive in heavy oil reservoirs from the examination of field data. He attributes the high efficiency of solution gas drive in viscous oils to:a significant reduction (around one order of magnitude) in the oil viscosity due to formation of small gas bubbles in the oil,simultaneous flow of continuous oil phase and discontinuous gas phase in the form of tiny bubbles,an increase in absolute permeability due to sand production, andhigh fluid compressibility due to high gas bubble density in the oil. In order to validate some of the postulations by Smith, the bulk of research has focused on the socalled pseudo-single phase model. In the pseudo-single phase model, a new terminology has evolved to distinguish solution gas drive in heavy oil reservoirs. The so-called foamy oil terminology was introduced in 1992 by Sarma and Maini(6); it was defined as a viscous (heavy) oil containing dispersed gas bubbles. Claridge and Prats(7) used the term " foamy heavy oil" and " foamy crude" mainly to imply drastic reduction in the oil viscosity due to dispersed as bubbles. The term " foamy oil" has had a wide acceptance because the oil samples at the wellhead produced from the reservoirs seem to be in the form of oil-continuous foam, with the appearance of chocolate mousse, and may contain a large volume of dispersed gas bubbles. Hu et al.(3) report that the density of the produced oil from a heavy oil pilot well from the Henan oil field in China is about 0.58 g/cm3, while the density after all the gas has left the oil (which may take several days) is 0.95 g/cm3.