bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Republican Families?
Authors: Gheaus Anca 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
What would the institution of the family look like if it were reformed according to republican desiderata? Would it even survive such re-shaping? This chapter examines the charges that the family dominates women and children in what is taken to be their most convincing interpretations, and considers the theoretical and practical implications. The deepest source of women’s domination within the family is the gendered division of labour. Surprisingly perhaps, an analysis of how the gendered division of labour generates domination yields the conclusion that not only women, but also men who engage in very pronounced forms of gendered specialization, can be dominated; this raises the interesting questions of whether mutual (and potentially equal) dependencies can count as domination, and if yes, whether they are less or more objectionable than one-sided domination. Achieving non-domination in upbringing doesn’t seem, all things considered, in children’s interests. If so, justified child rearing should merely seek to minimize domination. Indeed, it is undesirable, and maybe impossible, to eliminate it not only from the family but from any imaginable form of upbringing—such as an orphanage or a kibbutz. The reason is that children need intimate relationships that can only exist in the absence of proper mechanisms that check the exercise of parental power; further, the kind of vulnerability that concerns republicans may be constitutive of the emotional intimacy that is essential to children’s well-being. Finally, the chapter argues that full eradication of domination from close relationships in general is undesirable.
Legitimacy and the Global Order
Authors: Kassner Joshua 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In ‘Republican Law of Peoples’, Philip Pettit offers a republican account of a just international order. The argument in this chapter, though at times departing from Pettit’s account, is meant to be complementary to his view. Grounded in the contemporary republican commitment to freedom as non-domination, if we understand domination to be about a normative relationship between those capable of domination and those subject to such domination and we take sovereign states as they are in a world of global interdependence and interconnectedness, then there are certain structural features of the international order that render domination unavoidable. This does not undermine Pettit’s argument but builds upon and adds another layer of analysis to an understanding of the legitimacy of the international order grounded in a republican commitment to freedom as non-domination. The argument begins with a justification of the proposition that the legitimacy of the international order depends on the extent to which the practices, principles, and institutions that make up international order protect against domination. Then, several potential objections are identified and answered. Having responded to those objections, the implications the argument has for the legitimacy of the international order are outlined. Finally, the chapter concludes with some thoughts on what this means for the foreign policy of states and for the normative framework of international relations.
Republican Global Economic Justice
Authors: O’Shea Tom 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses international economic justice from a civic republican perspective. It begins with a historical survey of republican thinking on international economic matters, with special attention to the idea and practice of slavery. This account reveals a number of stances bearing on international economic life that republicans have defended, including patriotic militarism, free-trading commercialism, and internationalist socialism. The chapter then outlines and evaluates the global dimensions of contemporary republican economic philosophy, considering economic domination by states, as well as non-state actors such as multinational corporations. Disagreement over the institutional or normative viability of cosmopolitanism has been an important factor in shaping republican approaches to international economic justice, so republican contributions to this debate are then evaluated. Finally, the account is rounded out with a sketch of future directions for republican thinking about global economic justice, focusing on commercial and socialist republicanisms.
The Critique of Transitional Justice
Authors: Meierhenrich Jens , Hinton Alexander Laban , Douglas Lawrence 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter looks into the critique of transitional justice. It explains that historical sensitivity to genealogies of indigenous critique and their afterlives is relevant for developing a better understanding of the political present. Even though Supreme Court Justice Robert H. Jackson expressed the ethos of liberal internationalism that informed the rise of transitional justice in the late twentieth century, the ethos also heralded its decline in the twenty-first century. The chapter considers the meaning and efficacy of the modalities of transitional justice which now range from archives to truth commissions. It also elaborates on the dangers of ideology masked as eschatology.
What We Talk about When We Talk about Transitional Justice—And What We Don’t
Authors: Moon Claire 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter reprises and re-evaluates the origin story of transitional justice. It discusses the play of the post-atrocity “way of worldmaking” gifted by Nuremberg (crimes against humanity must be punished), against that bestowed by the end of the Cold War (violent authoritarians must be pacified rather than punished). It concentrates attention on a set of late-Cold War political conditions largely ignored by the field to date. It spotlights the Reagan Doctrine, an important artifact of late US Cold War foreign policy, in order to show how the political allegiances and norms it generated shaped early debates and cases in transitional justice. The chapter draws on examples from a range of constitutive events and artifacts in the emergence of the field, namely, founding debates and official documents which preceded and shaped important early cases in Chile (1990) and South Africa (1996) respectively. This early context—history, politics, and debates—provides a rich snapshot of a new way of worldmaking at the moment of its inception. This chapter argues that this history gifted transitional justice with a distinctive, modular, way of addressing atrocity that was designed to transcend political differences. It argues further that this modular way of knowing went on to indelibly imprint the field, and facilitated the proliferation of transitional justice far beyond the contexts it was originally set up to address. Finally, the chapter argues that the features of transitional justice that have made it so successful have also led to an over-extension of the field and an exhaustion of its meaning.
Regional Judicial Cooperation and Dialogue
Authors: De Visser Maartje 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores intra-Asian judicial dialogues that take place through personal encounters or electronic means. It suggests that instances of such judicial cooperation can vary in design along four dimensions: bilateral-multilateral, generalist-specialist, ad hoc-systematic, and formal-informal; and it illustrates the application of this framework through a series of case studies. Next, the factors that shape the frequency and contours of judicial cooperation are discussed. This is followed by an examination of five factors that account for the actual success and impact of judicial networking: the number of participants; the availability of resources to support the dialogue; the capacity and motivation of the judges; the regularity and quality of the interaction; and the structure and organization of participating courts. The conclusion identifies trends that appear likely to shape the future development of judicial dialogue and cooperation in Asia, namely transnational judicial education and the emergence of a genuinely regional consciousness among courts.
Electoral Systems
Authors: Reilly Benjamin , Kasuya Yuko 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A “majoritarian turn” was identified by scholars of Asian electoral systems starting in the 1990s, based on the rise of mixed-member majoritarian electoral systems and more centripetal party competition. Beginning in the 2000s, the pendulum shifted, with more consensual approaches to democracy appearing. While maintaining the basic majoritarian thrust of electoral democracy, the new Asian model typically adds a range of consensual elements to represent key identity cleavages of gender, ethnicity, and territory. This shift typically involves institutional reforms, grafting gender quotas, multi-ethnic party lists, and quasi-federal elements onto ostensibly majoritarian state structures. Across much of Asia, this has led to the development of more inclusive political systems than was the case only a decade ago.
Religious Freedom
Authors: Neo Jaclyn L. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Asia is a religiously diverse region; indeed, according to one measure, roughly half of the world’s most religiously diverse countries are in the Asia-Pacific region. The region’s political systems also run the gamut from liberal democracies, authoritarian democracies, socialist or communist regimes, to absolute monarchies and they diverge widely in terms of how religious freedom is addressed by constitutional law. Notwithstanding the region’s great diversity and complexity, it is possible to discern some broad patterns in how constitutional arrangements of state and religion shape claims of religious freedom across Asia. This chapter canvasses the scope of religious freedom protections across the region and suggests three broad models of state–religion arrangements that help to illuminate the constitutional trends and patterns of religious freedom claims: (i) states that explicitly prioritize religion; (ii) those that explicitly subordinate religion to state interests; and (iii) those that explicitly commit to the separation of state and religion.
Authoritarian Learning
Authors: Heydemann Steven 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Authoritarian learning plays an increasingly important role in global processes of autocratization and democratic backsliding yet remains understudied and undertheorized. This chapter reviews conditions that elevate the role of authoritarian learning in the international system. It assesses the state of research with a focus on definitional debates concerning what authoritarian learning is and is not. In contrast to more restrictive definitions, the chapter presents an expansive definition of authoritarian learning as a process in which autocratic actors assess the appropriateness and effectiveness of ideas, rules, norms, and practices based on their observed utility. It argues that such processes are evident in both authoritarian and democratic regimes, and operate at the domestic, regional, and international levels. Turning to research horizons in the study of authoritarian learning, it advocates for comparative work that will shed light on specific mechanisms and causal pathways of authoritarian learning.
The CO-to-H2 conversion factor in the Central Molecular Zone of the Milky Way using CO isotopologues
Authors: Kohno Mikito , Sofue Yoshiaki 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We performed correlation analyses between the 12CO and 13CO J = 1–0 line intensities in order to derive the variability of the CO-to-H2 conversion factor (XCO,iso) in the central molecular zone (CMZ) of our Galaxy. New high-resolution XCO,iso maps at a resolution of ∼30″ and a longitude–velocity diagram (LVD) at resolution ${\sim }{30^{\prime\prime}}\times 2$ km s−1 are presented using the 12CO and 13CO archival survey data obtained by the Nobeyama 45 m telescope. We revealed the variation of XCO,iso in the CMZ within the range of XCO,iso ∼ (0.2–1.3) × 1020 cm−2 (K km s−1)−1, if we assume a normalization value of 0.59 × 1020 cm−2 (K km s−1)−1. The mean value is obtained as XCO,iso = (0.48 ± 0.15) × 1020 cm−2 (K km s−1)−1 in the CMZ of our Galaxy.
Symplasmic phloem loading and subcellular transport in storage roots are key factors for carbon allocation in cassava
Authors: Rüscher David , Vasina Viktoriya V , Knoblauch Jan , Bellin Leo , Pommerrenig Benjamin , Alseekh Saleh , Fernie Alisdair R , Neuhaus H Ekkehard , Knoblauch Michael , Sonnewald Uwe , Zierer Wolfgang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Cassava (Manihot esculenta) is a deciduous woody perennial shrub that stores large amounts of carbon and water in its storage roots. Previous studies have shown that assimilating unloading into storage roots happens symplasmically once secondary anatomy is established. However, mechanisms controlling phloem loading and overall carbon partitioning to different cassava tissues remain unclear. Here, we used a combination of histological, transcriptional, and biochemical analyses on different cassava tissues and at different timepoints to better understand source–sink carbon allocation. We found that cassava likely utilizes a predominantly passive symplasmic phloem loading strategy, indicated by the lack of expression of genes coding for key players of sucrose transport, the existence of branched plasmodesmata in the companion cell/bundle sheath interface of minor leaf veins, and very high leaf sucrose concentrations. Furthermore, we showed that tissue-specific changes in anatomy and non-structural carbohydrate contents are associated with tissue-specific modification in gene expression for sucrose cleavage/synthesis, as well as subcellular compartmentalization of sugars. Overall, our data suggest that carbon allocation during storage root filling is mostly facilitated symplasmically and is likely mostly regulated by local tissue demand and subcellular compartmentalization.
High-throughput single-microbe RNA sequencing reveals adaptive state heterogeneity and host-phage activity associations in human gut microbiome
Authors: Shen Yifei , Qian Qinghong , Ding Liguo , Qu Wenxin , Zhang Tianyu , Song Mengdi , Huang Yingjuan , Wang Mengting , Xu Ziye , Chen Jiaye , Dong Ling , Chen Hongyu , Shen Enhui , Zheng Shufa , Chen Yu , Liu Jiong , Fan Longjiang , Wang Yongcheng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Microbial communities such as those residing in the human gut are highly diverse and complex, and many with important implications for health and diseases. The effects and functions of these microbial communities are determined not only by their species compositions and diversities but also by the dynamic intra- and inter-cellular states at the transcriptional level. Powerful and scalable technologies capable of acquiring single-microbe-resolution RNA sequencing information in order to achieve a comprehensive understanding of complex microbial communities together with their hosts are therefore utterly needed. Here we report the development and utilization of a droplet-based smRNA-seq (single-microbe RNA sequencing) method capable of identifying large species varieties in human samples, which we name smRandom-seq2. Together with a triple-module computational pipeline designed for the bacteria and bacteriophage sequencing data by smRandom-seq2 in four human gut samples, we established a single-cell level bacterial transcriptional landscape of human gut microbiome, which included 29,742 single microbes and 329 unique species. Distinct adaptive response states among species in Prevotella and Roseburia genera and intrinsic adaptive strategy heterogeneity in Phascolarctobacterium succinatutens were uncovered. Additionally, we identified hundreds of novel host-phage transcriptional activity associations in the human gut microbiome. Our results indicated that smRandom-seq2 is a high-throughput and high-resolution smRNA-seq technique that is highly adaptable to complex microbial communities in real-world situations and promises new perspectives in the understanding of human microbiomes.
Grin and bare it: the recent kerfuffle over bare trusts
Authors: Nitikman Joel 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Recent changes to the Canadian Income Tax Act have resulted in the concept of bare trusts coming under discussion. In this article, Joel Nitikman, K.C. explores the history, definition and details of the concept of a bare trust and concludes that a trustee may have significant powers and even numerous inherent fiduciary duties and yet still be a bare trustee.
Self-management behavior strategy based on behavioral economics in patients with hypertension: a scoping review
Authors: Peng Guotian , Yan Fanghong , Sun Ruiyi , Zhang Yanan , Zhao Rongrong , Zhang Guoli , Qiao Pengyu , Ma Yuxia , Han Lin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Hypertensive patients often do not make the most favorable choices and behaviors for managing disease. Behavioral economics strategies offer new ideas for guiding patients toward health behavior. The scoping review aimed to summarize behavioral economics strategies designed to improve hypertension self-management behaviors. A literature search was conducted in September 2022 using the following electronic databases: Embase, Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wan Fang Database for Chinese Periodicals, and CBM-SinoMed. We screened the literature for experimental studies written in Chinese or English reporting on BE strategies designed to improve self-management behavior in hypertension. We searched 17 820 records and included 18 articles in the final scoping review. We performed qualitative synthesis by the categories of choice architecture. The most common BE strategies were those targeting decision information and decision assistance, such as changing the presentation of information, making information visible, and providing reminders for actions. Most strategies targeted BP, diet, medication adherence, and physical activity behavior. Ten out of 18 studies reported statistically significant improvement in self-management behavior. Further research on BE strategies should focus on addressing the challenges, including changing the decision structure, encompassing a more comprehensive range of target behaviors, and examining the long-term effects of BE strategies.
Knockdown of LAP2α inhibits adipogenesis of human adipose‐derived stem cells and ameliorates high‐fat diet‐induced obesity
Authors: Gu Hang , Pan Yuan , Xiao Han , Zhao Lijun , Tang Yiman , Ge Wenshu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAdipogenesis, a pivotal cellular process involving the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to mature adipocytes, plays a significant role in various physiological functions. Dysregulation of adipogenesis is implicated in conditions such as obesity. However, the complete molecular understanding of adipogenesis remains elusive. This study aimed to uncover the novel role of lamina‐associated polypeptide 2 alpha (LAP2α) in human adipose‐derived stem cells (hASCs) adipogenesis and its impact on high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced obesity and associated metabolic disturbances. LAP2α expression was assessed during the adipogenic differentiation of hASCs using RT‐qPCR and western blotting. The functional role of LAP2α in adipogenesis was explored both in vitro and in vivo through loss‐ and gain‐of‐function studies. Moreover, mice with HFD‐induced obesity received lentivirus injection to assess the effect of LAP2α knockdown on fat accumulation. Molecular mechanisms underlying LAP2α in adipogenic differentiation were investigated using RT‐qPCR, Western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, and Oil Red O staining. LAP2α expression was upregulated during hASCs adipogenic differentiation. LAP2α knockdown hindered adipogenesis, while LAP2α overexpression promoted adipogenic differentiation. Notably, LAP2α deficiency resisted HFD‐induced obesity, improved glucose intolerance, mitigated insulin resistance, and prevented fatty liver development. Mechanistically, LAP2α knockdown attenuated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation by reducing the protein level of phosphorylated STAT3. A STAT3 activator (Colivelin) counteracted the negative impact of LAP2α deficiency on hASCs adipogenic differentiation. Taken together, our current study established LAP2α as a crucial regulator of hASCs adipogenic differentiation, unveiling a new therapeutic target for obesity prevention.
Emerging concepts of myosin 18A isoform mechanobiology in organismal and immune system physiology, development, and function
Authors: DeKryger William , Chroneos Zissis C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAlternative and combinatorial splicing of myosin 18A (MYO18A) gene transcripts results in expression of MYO18A protein isoforms and isoform variants with different membrane and subcellular localizations, and functional properties. MYO18A proteins are members of the myosin superfamily consisting of a myosin‐like motor domain, an IQ motif, and a coiled‐coil domain. MYO18A isoforms, however, lack the ability to hydrolyze ATP and do not perform ATP‐dependent motor activity. MYO18A isoforms are distinguished by different amino‐ and carboxy‐terminal extensions and domains. The domain organization and functions of MYO18Aα, MYO18Aβ, and MYO18Aγ have been studied experimentally. MYO18Aα and MYO18Aβ have a common carboxy‐terminal extension but differ by the presence or absence of an amino‐terminal KE repeat and PDZ domain, respectively. The amino‐ and carboxy‐terminal extensions of MYO18Aγ contain unique proline and serine‐rich domains. Computationally predicted MYO18Aε and MYO18Aδ isoforms contain the carboxy‐terminal serine‐rich extension but differ by the presence or absence of the amino‐terminal KE/PDZ extension. Additional isoform variants within each category arise by alternative utilization or inclusion/exclusion of small exons. MYO18Aα variants are expressed in somatic cells and mature immune cells, whereas MYO18Aβ variants occur mainly in myeloid and natural killer cells. MYO18Aγ expression is selective to cardiac and skeletal muscle. In the present review perspective, we discuss current and emerging concepts of the functional specialization of MYO18A proteins in membrane and cytoskeletal dynamics, cellular communication and signaling, endocytic and exocytic organelle movement, viral infection, and as the SP‐R210 receptor for surfactant protein A.
The Proportions of Term or Late Preterm Births After Exposure to Early Antenatal Corticosteroids, and Outcomes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 1.6 Million Infants
Authors: Ninan K. , Gojic A. , Wang Y. , Asztalos E.V. , Beltempo M. , Murphy K.E. , McDonald S.D. 
Published: May 2024

(BMJ. 2023;382:e076035 | doi: 10.1136/bmj-2023-076035 l. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2023-076035)
Preterm birth is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in both newborns and children. Women at risk of preterm delivery often receive antenatal corticosteroids, depending on their gestational age. These steroids enhance fetal lung maturation; however, unnecessary corticosteroid exposure is a concern. Guidelines recommend tracking and minimizing such exposure to discourage overuse. Animal studies indicate potential risks to fetal brain development and long-term health. This systematic review explored the outcomes of infants exposed to early antenatal corticosteroids, emphasizing the importance of their reasonable use in mitigating risks.