bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Induced Vagal and Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Trauma in Canines
Authors: Eimear Phelan , Kamani Dipti , Dralle Henning , Randolph Gregory W. 
Published: September 2011

Objective1) Identify electromyographic changes (EMG), specifically amplitude and latency changes that are associated with nerve injury. 2) Correlate induced recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) and vagal nerve trauma in dogs with postoperative vocal cord function.MethodThe study was conducted over a 2‐year period. The vagus and recurrent laryngeal nerve electrophysiological parameters of 12 canines were recorded during induced nerve injury. These electrophysiological parameters were correlated with postoperative vocal cord function.ResultsTwelve canines were subjected to vagus and/or RLN trauma. Compression and/or stretch trauma was associated with significant posttrauma electromyographic parameter changes. An amplitude decrease of greater than 80% and latency increase of greater than 10% was observed in the vocal cord palsy group. In addition, aggressive nerve stimulation caused mild amplitude variation but no associated vocal cord palsy. Prolonged nerve stimulation caused significant EMG changes, which recovered, but no associated vocal cord palsy.ConclusionWe present canine vagal and RLN electrophysiological data. Preliminary data suggest that electrophysiological parameter changes are associated with vocal cord palsy. Prolonged nerve stimulation is safe. Human vagal nerve and RLN studies are required to assess if similar EMG changes are seen in humans and associated with vocal cord palsy.
Initiating a Transoral Robotic Surgical Program: The First 30 Cases
Authors: Cognetti David M. , Luginbuhl Adam , Nguyen Anthony 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveEstablish the feasibility of initiating a transoral robotic surgery (TORS) program.MethodProspectively collected data for 30 patients treated with TORS at an academic institution. Main outcome measures were intraoperative times, complications, time to diet, time to discharge. Following FDA approval of TORS, the senior surgeon (DMC) completed the training for TORS. Credentialing included equipment training, porcine dissection, cadaver dissection, and case observation.ResultsSubsites included BOT, tonsil, parapharyngeal space, retromolar trigone, and supraglottis. Average retractor setup was 12 minutes. Surgical console time ranged from 8 to 205 minutes, averaging 64 minutes (±57 minutes). Variability was noted due to the learning curve at the beginning and increased complexity of cases toward the end. For radical tonsillectomies the surgical times for the final 3 patients averaged 32 minutes whereas the first 3 patients averaged 60 minutes. There were no major complications, tracheostomy was avoided in all patients, and average LOS was 2.3 days. Average time to oral diet was 1.2 days for the 24 patients discharged on a diet.ConclusionEfficient establishment of a TORS program is feasible. With appropriate training and preparation, this technology can be safely applied with acceptable operative times and minimal complications.
A Novel Scaffold Implant Comparison to Current Biomaterials
Authors: Kolb Caroline M. , Mings Jamie , Pierce Lisa , Roofe Scott B. 
Published: September 2011

Objective1) Develop a model to evaluate biocompatibility and integrationof novel porous bioscaffolds for maxillofacial and plastic reconstruction usingsphere‐templated angiogenic regeneration (STAR) technology. 2) Demonstrate substrate‐independence of STAR technology. 3) Perform a pilot study to compare a novel STAR implant withcurrently available synthetic and biologic soft tissue implants.MethodFive pigs underwent dorsal subcutaneous implantation of a polypropylene‐based material coated with precision pore silicone granules (STAR scaffold), expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, human dermis, and porcine dermis. Sham dissection was also performed. Specimens were harvested 7, 21, 90, and 180 days after surgery and evaluated histologically for inflammation, neovascularization, and collagen deposition.ResultsAll materials and sham sites induced a mild to moderate inflammatory response that decreased over time, except for human dermis, which elicited persistent marked inflammation. Overall, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene elicited the most favorable foreign body reaction and demonstrated minimal chronic inflammation. The STAR scaffold demonstrated the greatest number of foreign body giant cells adjacent to the silicone granules, highlighting the importance of using inert biodegradable substances for bioscaffold constructs in future studies. All materials were similarly encapsulated with a layer of poorly vascularized collagen. Porcine dermis, sham dissections, and the STAR scaffolds received the best scores for collagen deposition and encapsulation.ConclusionImplantation studies in an in‐vivo pig model revealed that polypropylene/silicone‐based STAR implants confer no advantage over expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, the current gold standard for soft tissue reconstruction. Future testing of less reactive, biodegradable materials for STAR constructs such as hyaluronic acid may show an improvement over current soft tissue implants.
Is There Still a Role for Salvage Supracricoid Partial Laryngectomy with Cricohyoidoepiglottopexy?
Authors: Nakayama Meijin , Okamoto Tabito , Seino Yutomo , Okamoto Makito , Miyamoto Shunsuke , Matsuki Takashi 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveA history of radiation therapy is known to be a major risk factor promoting postsurgical complications. By comparing the clinical outcomes of supracricoid partial laryngectomy with cricohyoidoepiglottopexy (SCPL‐CHEP) in radiated and nonradiated patients, we investigated the usefulness of salvage SCPL‐CHEP.MethodAmong 61 patients who received SCPL‐CHEP between 1997 and 2010, 25 (41%) had received radiation therapy preoperatively and 36 (59%) had not. Staging error, wound infection, accuracy of surgical margin determination, acquired laryngeal function, and prognosis were compared between the two groups.ResultsStaging error occurred in 5 out of 25 (20%) irradiated and 13 out of 36 (36%) nonirradiated patients. Wound infection developed in 11 out of 25 (44%) irradiated and 5 out of 36 (14%) nonirradiated patients. Delayed wound infection (eg, infection appearing more than 1 month after an uneventful postsurgical course) was identified in 4 patients with a radiation dose over 65 Gy. Intraoperative margin study demonstrated dysplastic or positive margin in 13 out of 25 (52%) irradiated and 9 out of 36 (25%) nonirradiated patients. Swallowing function (ability to eat out) was acquired in 23 out of 25 (92%) irradiated and 32 out of 36 (89%) nonirradiated patients. Five‐year overall survival rates were 83% in both groups.ConclusionRisk of infection was significantly higher in irradiated patients; delayed infection should be appropriately managed. Functional and oncological results were stable regardless of radiation history. When salvage SCPL‐CHEP is the only option to save a functioning larynx, head and neck surgeons are encouraged to take reasonable risks in performing SCPL‐CHEP.
Laryngeal Nerve Monitoring Use: An Emerging Consensus?
Authors: Singer Michael C. , Sundaram Krishnamurthi , Rosenfeld Richard M. 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveThere is continued debate over the value of laryngeal nerve monitoring (LNM) during thyroidectomy. Previous studies have suggested that utilization of electromyographic endotracheal tubes for neuromonitoring is limited. We queried head and neck surgeons regarding their attitudes toward LNM.MethodAn anonymous, internet‐based survey of the members of the American Head and Neck Society was performed. Information was collected on participants’ training history, practice setting, years of experience, and annual volume of thyroid and parathyroid surgeries. Participants’ use of LNM and their beliefs regarding possible benefits were assessed.ResultsA total of 170 surveys were completed (18% response rate). Of respondents, 65% use LNM in at least some thyroid and parathyroid cases, 37% always, and 29% sometimes. Utilization was associated with the belief that LNM reduces the risk of recurrent nerve injury (P <. 001). However, the most commonly cited reasons for LNM use were “medical‐legal protection” and “increased confidence.” Comparing otolaryngologists to general surgeons, 43% vs 17% (P =. 016) always use LNM, 25% vs 36% sometimes, and 30% vs 47% never use monitoring. Younger surgeons were more likely to use LNM. No association was found between LNM utilization and case volume or practice type.ConclusionCurrently, no consensus exists regarding the use of LNM during thyroid and parathyroid surgery. The results of this survey suggest that LNM use has become more widespread. Irrespective of the reasons surgeons are adopting LNM, if this trend continues LNM may eventually become routine practice among head and neck surgeons.
Morbidity of Prophylactic Node Dissection in Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Volpi Erivelto , Bertelli Antonio , Vasconcelos Evandro Cezar , Steck Jose H. , Massarollo Luiz , Kulcsar Marco 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveDetermine if the implementation of prophylactic neck dissection of the central compartment as a routine procedure increases the risk of injury over the recurrent laryngeal nerve and parathyroid glands in patients with clinical stage T1N0M0 compared with patients who underwent total thyroidectomy only.MethodRetrospective study of 46 patients undergoing total thyroidectomy plus prophylactic central lymph node dissection for papillary cancer with preoperative staging T1N0M0 from March 2008 to July 2010. The outcomes were compared with 107 patients in the same conditions and period undergoing total thyroidectomy alone.ResultsThe 2 groups (with and without neck dissection) were similar in age, gender, pathologic features, and completeness of thyroidectomy. Of the 46 patients who underwent neck dissection, 6 (13.0%) had vocal fold paralysis with one (2.1%) permanent. In patients who underwent only total thyroidectomy, 9 (8.4%) had transient paralysis, with no cases of permanent paralysis. Regarding hypoparathyroidism 15 patients (32.6%) had transient and 2 (4.3%) had permanent among those who underwent neck dissection, but in patients who underwent only total thyroidectomy, the total rate of hypoparathyroidism was 7.4% (8 cases) with 2 cases (1.8%) of permanent hypoparathyroidism.ConclusionEven though the prophylactic neck dissection of the central compartment did not cause a statistically significant increase in injuries on the recurrent laryngeal nerve, its realization is associated with high rates of hypoparathyroidism. These results make it difficult to indicate this procedure as a routine treatment for early thyroid tumors.
Perineural Invasion in Early Stage Oral Tongue Cancer
Authors: Maxwell Jessica H. , Lezner Diana , McHugh Jonathan , Duvvuri Umamaheswar 
Published: September 2011

Objective1) Determine the true incidence of perineural invasion (PNI) in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue (SCCOT). 2) Understand the relationship between PNI, tumor thickness, and nodal metastases. 3) Analyze the effect of PNI on overall survival (OS).MethodTumor tissue from 47 patients with early stage SCCOT diagnosed between 1981 and 2001 at the University of Pittsburgh was prospectively analyzed for PNI, number/size of nerves involved, intraneural invasion, nodal metastases, and tumor thickness. Outcome data included overall survival, disease‐specific survival, and disease recurrence.ResultsPNI was found in 48.9% (23/47) of patients. At initial diagnosis, the incidence of PNI was 36.8% (7/19) among those patients evaluated for PNI. This agreement was fair (Kappa = 0.39, 95% CI:0.02, 0.76). Patients with PNI had significantly greater tumor thickness (mean = 13.2mm) than patients without PNI (mean = 6.9mm; P =. 001). Three (3/23; 13%) patients with PNI had intraneural invasion. Ten of 23 (43.5%) patients with PNI had nodal metastases compared with 4 of 20 (16.7%) patients without PNI (P =. 060). Patients without PNI had better OS than patients with PNI (median = 10.1 years vs 4.2 years, respectively), although this was not significant (P =. 154).ConclusionThe true incidence of PNI is nearly 50% for SCCOT. PNI is significantly associated with greater tumor thickness. Patients with PNI have increased nodal metastases and worse overall survival compared to patients without PNI. However, these trends are not significant.
Toxicity of cyanuric acid to broilers on hepatic and renal health with and without melamine
Authors: Wang L , Ding X-M , Zhang K-Y , Bai S-P , Wu C-M 
Published: September 2011

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the toxicity potential of cyanuric acid (CYA) and a combination of melamine (MEL) and CYA in broilers. A total of 1200 male COBB 500 broilers were randomly allocated into 1 of 10 treatment groups by a 5 × 2 factorial design in a 42-d experiment. The dietary treatments were as follows: T1 to T5: basal diets with 0, 10, 20, 33.3, and 50 mg CYA per kg diet; T6 to T10: basal diet with CYA regimens similar to T1 to T5 but with 100 mg MEL per kg diet. There were 6 replication pens with 20 chicks per pen. No differences were observed in alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities. But on d 22, uric acid (UA) and creatinine (Crea) concentrations were significantly greater when birds were fed CYA at 33.3 mg/kg with MEL 100 mg/kg, and Crea concentration was also higher when birds were fed CYA at 50 mg/kg. No crystals were found in kidneys but dilated renal tubules and small blood vessel expansion were found in kidneys of birds fed CYA at 50 mg/kg and CYA at 33.3 mg/kg with MEL 100 mg/kg. The apoptosis rate (AR) of kidneys of all birds fed CYA and MEL contaminated diets were higher than the control group. These results indicated that the dietary addition of CYA and MEL could induce kidney damage, and the effects were harmful when the ratio of CYA/MEL was 1:3.
The CXCR4 antagonist plerixafor corrects panleukopenia in patients with WHIM syndrome
Authors: McDermott David H. , Liu Qian , Ulrick Jean , Kwatemaa Nana , Anaya-O'Brien Sandra , Penzak Scott R. , Filho Joao Oliveira , Priel Debra A. Long , Kelly Corin , Garofalo Mary , Littel Patricia , Marquesen Martha M. , Hilligoss Diane , DeCastro Rosamma , Fleisher Thomas A. , Kuhns Douglas B. , Malech Harry L. , Murphy Philip M. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
WHIM syndrome is a rare congenital immunodeficiency disorder characterized by warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections, and myelokathexis (neutropenia because of impaired egress from the BM); most patients also have severe panleukopenia. Because WHIM syndrome is caused by mutations in the chemokine receptor CXCR4 that result in increased agonist-dependent signaling, we hypothesized that the CXCR4 antagonist plerixafor (Mozobil [Genyzme Corporation], AMD3100), might be an effective treatment. To test this, we enrolled 3 unrelated adult patients with the most common WHIM mutation, CXCR4R334X, in a phase 1 dose-escalation study. Plerixafor increased absolute lymphocyte, monocyte, and neutrophil counts in blood to normal without significant side effects in all 3 patients. Peak responses occurred at 3-12 hours after injection and waned by 24 hours after injection which tracked the drug's pharmacokinetics. All 3 cell types increased in a dose-dependent manner with the rank order of responsiveness absolute lymphocyte > monocyte > neutrophil. These data provide the first pharmacologic evidence that panleukopenia in WHIM syndrome is caused by CXCL12-CXCR4 signaling-dependent leukocyte sequestration, and support continued study of plerixafor as mechanism-based therapy in this disease. This study is registered at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00967785.
Comparison between observed children's tooth brushing habits and those reported by mothers
Authors: Martins Carolina C , Oliveira Maria J , Pordeus Isabela A , Paiva Saul M 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

Background
Information bias can occur in epidemiological studies and compromise scientific outcomes, especially when evaluating information given by a patient regarding their own health. The oral habits of children reported by their mothers are commonly used to evaluate tooth brushing practices and to estimate fluoride intake by children. The aim of the present study was to compare observed tooth-brushing habits of young children using fluoridated toothpaste with those reported by mothers.

Methods
A sample of 201 mothers and their children (aged 24-48 months) from Montes Claros, Brazil, took part in a cross-sectional study. At day-care centres, the mothers answered a self-administered questionnaire on their child's tooth-brushing habits. The structured questionnaire had six items with two to three possible answers. An appointment was then made with each mother/child pair at day-care centres. The participants were asked to demonstrate the tooth-brushing practice as usually performed at home. A trained examiner observed and documented the procedure. Observed tooth brushing and that reported by mothers were compared for overall agreement using Cohen's Kappa coefficient and the McNemar test.

Results
Cohen's Kappa values comparing mothers' reports and tooth brushing observed by the examiner ranged from poor-to-good (0.00-0.75). There were statistically significant differences between observed tooth brushing habits and those reported by mothers (p < 0.001). When observed by the examiner, the frequencies of dentifrice dispersed on all bristles (35.9%), children who brushed their teeth alone (33.8%) and those who did not rinse their mouths during brushing (42.0%) were higher than those reported by the mothers (12.1%, 18.9% and 6.5%, respectively; p < 0.001).

Conclusions
In general, there was low agreement between observed tooth brushing and mothers' reports. Moreover, the different methods of estimation resulted in differences in the frequencies of tooth brushing habits, indicative of reporting bias. Data regarding children's tooth-brushing habits as reported by mothers should be considered with caution in epidemiological surveys on fluoridated dentifrice use and the risk of dental fluorosis.
Differential expression of proteins and phosphoproteins during larval metamorphosis of the polychaete Capitella sp. I
Authors: Chandramouli Kondethimmanahalli H , Soo Lisa , Qian Pei-Yuan 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

Background
The spontaneous metamorphosis of the polychaete Capitella sp. I larvae into juveniles requires minor morphological changes, including segment formation, body elongation, and loss of cilia. In this study, we investigated changes in the expression patterns of both proteins and phosphoproteins during the transition from larvae to juveniles in this species. We used two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) followed by multiplex fluorescent staining and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry analysis to identify the differentially expressed proteins as well as the protein and phosphoprotein profiles of both competent larvae and juveniles.

Results
Twenty-three differentially expressed proteins were identified in the two developmental stages. Expression patterns of two of those proteins were examined at the protein level by Western blot analysis while seven were further studied at the mRNA level by real-time PCR. Results showed that proteins related to cell division, cell migration, energy storage and oxidative stress were plentifully expressed in the competent larvae; in contrast, proteins involved in oxidative metabolism and transcriptional regulation were abundantly expressed in the juveniles.

Conclusion
It is likely that these differentially expressed proteins are involved in regulating the larval metamorphosis process and can be used as protein markers for studying molecular mechanisms associated with larval metamorphosis in polychaetes.
Prevalence of Dysglycemia Among Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Patients with No Previous Diabetic History
Authors: McGinn Joseph T , Shariff Masood A , Bhat Tariq M , Azab Basem , Molloy William J , Quattrocchi Elaena , Farid Mina , Eichorn Ann M , Dlugacz Yosef D , Silverman Robert A 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

Background
Dysglycemia is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis. In many patient populations dysglycemia is under-diagnosed. Patients with severe coronary artery disease commonly have dysglycemia and there is growing evidence that dysglycemia, irrespective of underlying history of diabetes, is associated with adverse outcome in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery patients, including longer hospital stay, wound infections, and higher mortality. As HbA1c is an easy and reliable way of checking for dysglycemia we routinely screen all patients undergoing CABG for elevations in HbA1c. Our hypothesis was that a substantial number of patients with dysglycemia that could be identified at the time of cardiothoracic surgery despite having no apparent history of diabetes.

Methods
1045 consecutive patients undergoing CABG between 2007 and 2009 had HbA1c measured pre-operatively. The 2010 American Diabetes Association (ADA) diagnostic guidelines were used to categorize patients with no known history of diabetes as having diabetes (HbA1c ≥ 6.5%) or increased risk for diabetes (HbA1c 5.7-6.4%).

Results
Of the 1045 patients with pre-operative HbA1c measurements, 40% (n = 415) had a known history of diabetes and 60% (n = 630) had no known history of diabetes. For the 630 patients with no known diabetic history: 207 (32.9%) had a normal HbA1c (< 5.7%); 356 (56.5%) had an HbA1c falling in the increased risk for diabetes range (5.7-6.4%); and 67 (10.6%) had an HbA1c in the diabetes range (6.5% or higher). In this study the only conventional risk factor that was predictive of high HbA1c was BMI. We also found a high HbA1c irrespective of history of DM was associated with severe coronary artery disease as indicated by the number of vessels revascularized.

Conclusion
Among individuals undergoing CABG with no known history of diabetes, there is a substantial amount of undiagnosed dysglycemia. Even though labeling these patients as "diabetic" or "increased risk for diabetes" remains controversial in terms of perioperative management, pre-operative screening could lead to appropriate post-operative follow up to mitigate short-term adverse outcome and provide high priority medical referrals of this at risk population.
Synthesis and Properties of Polymer Having Electronegative Terthiophene Pendants Based on Cyclopenta[c]thiophene
Authors: Ie Yutaka , Yoshimura Atsuki , Takeuchi Daisuke , Osakada Kohtaro , Aso Yoshio 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
We have designed a new pendant-type polymer having an electronegative terthiophene at pendant positions. This polymer was successfully synthesized by the combination of Stille coupling reaction and palladium-catalyzed cyclopolymerization. To investigate the properties of the polymer, electronic absorption and fluorescence spectra as well as cyclic voltammogram were measured.
Mechanistic Insight into the Anomalous syn-Selectivity Observed during the Addition of Allenylboronates to Aromatic Aldehydes
Authors: Sasaki Yusuke , Sawamura Masaya , Ito Hajime 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
The reaction of enantioenriched allenylboronate 3a (98% ee) with benzaldehyde gave homopropargylic alcohol syn- and anti-4b with anomalous syn addition selectivity (anti:syn = 29:71) and high ee (98% and 97%, respectively). The stereochemical outcome in terms of the absolute configuration shows that this reaction proceeds through a cyclic transition state. Density functional theoretical (DFT) calculations were carried out to elucidate the mechanism of this anomalous syn-selectivity.