bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multispectral classification of grass weeds and wheat (Triticum durum) using linear and nonparametric functional discriminant analysis and neural networks
Authors: LÓPEZ‐GRANADOS F , PEÑA‐BARRAGÁN J M , JURADO‐EXPÓSITO M , Francisco‐FERNÁNDEZ M , CAO R , ALONSO‐BETANZOS A , FONTENLA‐ROMERO O 
Published: September 2010

SummaryField studies were conducted to determine the potential of multispectral classification of late‐season grass weeds in wheat. Several classification techniques have been used to discriminate differences in reflectance between wheat andAvena sterilis,Phalaris brachystachys,Lolium rigidumandPolypogon monspeliensisin the 400–900 nm spectrum, and to evaluate the accuracy of performance for a spectral signature classification into the plant species or group to which it belongs. Fisher’s linear discriminant analysis, nonparametric functional discriminant analysis and several neural networks have been applied, either with a preliminary principal component analysis (PCA) or not and in different scenarios. Fisher’s linear discriminant analysis, feedforward neural networks and one‐layer neural network, all showed classification percentages between 90% and 100% with PCA. Generally, a preliminary computation of the most relevant principal components considerably improves the correct classification percentage. These results are promising becauseA. sterilisandL. rigidum, two of the most problematic, clearly patchy and expensive‐to‐control weeds in wheat, could be successfully discriminated from wheat in the 400–900 nm range. Our results suggest that mapping grass weed patches in wheat could be feasible with analysis of real‐time and high‐resolution satellite imagery acquired in mid‐May under these conditions.
Influence of application volume on the efficacy of clodinafop‐propargyl and fenoxaprop‐P‐ethyl on oats
Authors: GAUVRIT C , LAMRANI T 
Published: September 2010

SummaryThe influence of application volume on the efficacy of clodinafop‐propargyl and fenoxaprop‐P‐ethyl on cultivated oats (Avena sativa) was studied in the glasshouse. Both herbicides were more efficacious when applied in 75 L ha−1 than in 300 L ha−1, with 11002 and 11006 nozzles respectively. However, when the same two volume rates were created by varying the speed of a 11003 nozzle, clodinafop‐propargyl efficacy was not affected by application volume, whereas fenoxaprop‐P‐ethyl remained more efficacious at 75 L ha−1. This suggests that in the first experiment, fenoxaprop‐P‐ethyl efficacy was affected by changes in both spray quality and concentration, whereas only the former influenced clodinafop‐propargyl efficacy. The hypothesis that the fenoxaprop‐P‐ethyl formulation was more influenced by concentration than clodinafop‐propargyl was supported by dynamic surface tension studies and measures of active ingredient retention by oat plants. Within the practically relevant concentration range considered, surface activity of clodinafop‐propargyl remained low, with little influence on herbicide retention. In contrast, depending on the concentration, surface activity of fenoxaprop‐P‐ethyl was below or above levels that were critical for its retention. Although these differences may not be as apparent in the field as in the glasshouse, our study certainly indicates that both clodinafop‐propargyl and fenoxaprop‐P‐ethyl are herbicides favoured by low application volumes.
Identification of sources of resistance to crenate broomrape (Orobanche crenata) in Spanish lentil (Lens culinaris) germplasm
Authors: FERNÁNDEZ‐APARICIO M , SILLERO J C , PÉREZ‐DE‐LUQUE A , RUBIALES D 
Published: September 2010

SummaryThe weedy root parasite Orobanche crenata constitutes a serious threat to lentils and other legumes grown in the Mediterranean and western Asia. Control strategies have centred on agronomic practices and the use of herbicides. Resistance breeding is hampered by scarcity of proper sources of resistance and of a reliable and practical screening procedure. A stepwise procedure was used here. A Spanish germplasm collection of 234 accessions of lentils (Lens culinaris) was screened for resistance to crenate broomrape under field conditions. A wide range of responses was observed, however, complete resistance was not detected. Some accessions exhibited a substantial reduction in broomrape infection. Thirty‐five lentil accessions with reduced broomrape infection were selected for further screening in the field and to determine the components of resistance in pot and in mini‐rhizotron experiments. Low infection seemed to be based on a combination of various escape and resistance mechanisms: (i) a lower root density, (ii) a lower induction of Orobanche seed germination, (iii) the reduced establishment of broomrape radicles and (iv) a limited development of established tubercles. In addition, necrosis of tubercles was observed in some accessions. This study shows how complementary in vitro screening methods may be used to rank and identify lentil accessions with potential broomrape resistance, based on different resistance mechanisms which may in the future be combined into a single cultivar by breeding.
Effects of human‐mediated processes on weed species composition in internationally traded grain commodities
Authors: SHIMONO Y , KONUMA A 
Published: September 2010

SummaryInternational trade is a major route by which non‐indigenous organisms are introduced into new habitats. Various kinds of weed seeds have been introduced through grain trade. The objectives of this study were to understand the factors that affect the initial assemblage of plant species introduced by the international grain trade and to extract their general attributes. We surveyed weed seed contamination of spring wheat imported from Canada to Japan and analysed the effects of the field abundance of each weed and of harvesting and cleaning on the quantity of weed seed included in the imported wheat. The field abundance was positively correlated with the weed seed quantity. Seeds of short weeds and seeds with a pappus were eliminated from the wheat by the harvesting or cleaning process. Many other crop plants contaminated the wheat. Because various transportation vehicles, temporary storage sites and port elevators are used commonly with all exported crops and it is difficult to remove all residues from them, other crops might be carried over into the wheat commodity. These relationships also apply to other grains.
Preemptive liver transplantation in a child with familial hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Maiorana Arianna , Nobili Valerio , Calandra Sebastiano , Francalanci Paola , Bernabei Silvia , El Hachem Maya , Monti Lidia , Gennari Fabrizio , Torre Giuliano , de Ville de Goyet Jean , Bartuli Andrea 
Published: September 2010

Maiorana A, Nobili V, Calandra S, Francalanci P, Bernabei S, El Hachem M, Monti L, Gennari F, Torre G, de Ville de Goyet J, Bartuli A. Preemptive liver transplantation in a child with familial hypercholesterolemia. Pediatr Transplantation 2011: 15:E25–E29. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Familial hypercholesterolemia is an autosomal codominant disorder associated with markedly elevated plasma concentration of LDL‐cholesterol and increased cardiovascular risk. Homozygous patients have rapid development of atherosclerosis with death from cardiovascular disease even in childhood. Life‐long recurrent apheresis to reduce plasma LDL‐cholesterol is considered the gold standard for treatment. Liver transplantation can be curative for this condition, but is usually only considered after the development of cardiovascular disease. We report a 5.5‐yr‐old child initially misdiagnosed with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia and treated by low‐fat diet only. In view of persistent hypercholesterolemia and development of xanthomatosis, new molecular studies indicated the presence of two different mutations in the LDL receptor gene, with one being a deletion of two exons not identifiable with standard sequencing analysis. Recurrent plasma apheresis in combination with statins lowered, but did not normalize plasma LDL‐cholesterol levels. It caused progressive reduction of the size of xanthomas and prevented the development of vascular complications. After two yr, liver transplantation normalized LDL‐cholesterol levels and completely resolved the skin lesions. Preemptive liver transplantation is a definitive cure of familial homozygous hypercholesterolemia and might be more effective if performed before development of vascular complications.
Nonviral gene transfer for cancer gene therapy
Authors: Walther W. , Fichtner I. , Kobelt D. , Siegel R. , Schlag P. , Stein U. 
Published: September 2010

Although the pre‐clinical and clinical results of gene therapy have shown promise for some cancers, cancer gene therapy is still at an early stage of clinical development. Due to the complexity of targeted vector delivery to the tumor, our strategy for gene therapy is focussed on the development of local non‐viral gene transfer to treat tumors. The local application of non‐viral gene therapy is of particular value in the context of pre‐ or intraoperative application of therapeutic genes. This ensures accessibility of targeted tumor areas and will contribute to better local control of the disease. In this regard, applicable transfer technologies are needed in gene therapy. Different physical procedures, such as in vivo electroporation, sonoporation, ballistic transfer etc. are employed to deliver naked DNA into the target cells or tissues in vitro and in vivo. Among the various non‐viral gene delivery technologies jet‐injection is gaining increasing acceptance, since this technique allows gene transfer into different tissues with deep penetration of naked DNA. The jet‐injection technology is based on low‐volume jets of high‐velocity to penetrate skin and deeper tissues associated with efficient transfection of the affected area. For non‐viral in vivo gene transfer a jet‐injector prototype was created and tested. The beta‐galactosidase (LacZ), green fluorescence protein reporter gene constructs were successfully jet‐injected into different syngeneic mouse and patient‐derived xenotransplanted human tumor models of colon‐ or mammary carcinoma and malignant melanoma. Qualitative and quantitative expression analysis of jet‐injected tumor tissues revealed the efficient expression of these genes. Therapeutic in vivo experiments using the jet‐injection transfer of the cytosine deaminase suicide gene in tumors demonstrated antitumor effects with significant growth inhibition of the jet‐injected xenotransplanted colon carcinomas. Furthermore, jet‐injection was also successfully used for the application of a heat‐inducible TNF‐α expressing vector system leading to efficient in vivo tumor growth inhibition in the combined non‐viral TNF‐α gene transfer and hyperthermia approach.Based on our pre‐clinical experiments for non‐viral gene transfer, a phase I clinical trial has been conducted at the Clinic for Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Charité, Berlin to evaluate the feasibility, efficiency, and safety of jet‐injection aided LacZ‐reporter gene transfer in patients with cutaneous metastases from breast cancer and malignant melanoma. In this study naked GMP‐plasmid DNA was applied intratumorally by jet‐injection. The jet‐injection was well tolerated by all patients and no side effects have been experienced. The study clearly demonstrated that the single application of plasmid‐DNA is safe and leads to the expression of the LacZ‐reporter gene in the tumor tissue, as shown at mRNA‐ and at protein level.
Porcine cells express more than one functional ligand for the human lymphocyte activating receptor NKG2D
Authors: Tran Peter D. , Christiansen Dale , Winterhalter Adam , Brooks Andrew , Gorrell Mark , Lilienfeld Benjamin G. , Seebach Jörg D. , Sandrin Mauro , Sharland Alexandra 
Published: September 2010

Abstract:  Background:  Xenotransplantation could ameliorate the severe shortage of donor organs. The initial results of transplantation from genetically‐modified pig donors to primate recipients suggest that hyperacute rejection can be overcome, but thrombotic microangiopathy and the human anti‐pig cellular immune response remain as significant impediments to successful clinical xenotransplantation. NKG2D is an activating immunoreceptor found on human natural killer (HuNK) cells, CD8+ and γδ T cells. Signaling through NKG2D mediates cytotoxicity and cytokine secretion by NK cells and co‐stimulation of T cells.Methods:  Chinese hamster ovary P (CHOP) cells were transfected with human NKG2D and used in cell–cell binding studies with porcine epithelial, and endothelial cell lines. Soluble recombinant NKG2D‐Fc was used to stain various porcine cells and tissues to indicate ligand expression. Porcine cells were used as targets in cytotoxicity assays with the HuNK cell lines NKL and YT, with and without enzymatic removal of pULBP1 and antibody blockade of NKG2D signaling.Results and conclusions:  In this study, we demonstrate the expression of ligands for human NKG2D on porcine cell lines of endothelial and epithelial origin, islet cell clusters and rejecting kidney. HuNK cells were activated to kill pig cells expressing NKG2D ligands, and cytotoxicity was inhibited by antibody blockade of NKG2D. A previous study identified pULBP1 as the principal ligand for human NKG2D on pig aortic endothelial cells. In the current study, renal epithelial and intestinal endothelial cells each expressed high surface levels of pULBP1, but binding of soluble recombinant NKG2D and NKG2D‐dependent cytotoxicity against these cells persisted after the enzymatic removal of pULBP1, strongly suggesting the presence of at least one additional functional ligand for human NKG2D in these cell types.
A gene influencing seed shape of desi type chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Knights E. J. , Wood J. A. , Harden S. 
Published: September 2010

With 1 figure and 1 table AbstractChickpea is an important food legume in many developing countries. Seed characteristics, especially size, shape and colour, define the two main types (‘desi’ and ‘kabuli’) and also influence the mode of consumption and economic value. We observed two distinct seed shapes in the desi breeding line 9113‐13N‐2, ‘rounded’ and ‘angular’, and sought to demonstrate a genetic basis for this difference. The mode of inheritance was studied in F1, F2 and F3 generations of crosses between rounded and angular single plant progeny from 9113‐13N‐2 and in the F2 generation of another cross between rounded and angular parents. Rounded shape was dominant to angular shape in the F1 generation, and a 3 rounded : 1 angular ratio was observed in the F2 and F3 generations. These results indicated a monogenic inheritance for seed shape in desi chickpeas. Visual differences in shape were confirmed by sphericity measurements: sphericity values for rounded seeds were significantly greater than for angular seeds. We propose the symbols Rd and rd for alleles conferring rounded and angular shape, respectively.
Influence of screw diameter and number on reduction loss after plating of distal radius fractures
Authors: Drobetz Herwig , Schueller Michael , Tschegg Elmar Karl , Heal Clare , Redl Heinz , Muller Reinhold 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground:  The current options for plate–screw combinations in volar locking distal radius plates used for the treatment of distal radius fractures are either plates with a single distal screw row or plates with multiple distal screw rows. Additionally, the screws themselves may have either fixed angle locking or polyaxial locking mechanisms. To date, there is no evidence or consensus regarding the optimal plate–screw combination. The aim of this study was to assess the biomechanical behaviour of different plate–screw combinations with respect to total distal screw number, number of distal screw rows and screw projection surface area of the most distal row.Methods:  Biomechanical study to assess six different plating configurations in five different volar locking plate models in a Sawbone distal radius fracture model. The specimens were loaded with 800 Newton loads for 2.000 cycles at 1 Hz. After cyclic loading, load‐to‐failure testing was performed.Results:  With cyclical testing, there was a significant and positive correlation between rigidity and a greater projection area of the most distal screws. Dorsal tilting was significantly more pronounced in plate models with a lesser projection area of the most distal screws and a smaller number of distal screws. With load‐to‐failure testing, there was a significant increase in rigidity with increasing screw projection area of the most distal row and total number of distal screws.Conclusions:  Additional distal screw rows in volar locking distal radius plates might not add substantially to resistance against loss of reduction in the post‐operative period.
Significance of sentinel infective events in haematogenous prosthetic knee infections
Authors: Swan John , Dowsey Michelle , Babazadeh Sina , Mandaleson Avanthi , Choong Peter F. M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground:  Infection after primary knee arthroplasty is devastating. The aim of this study was to determine the significance of sentinel infective events prior to the development of haematogenous prosthetic knee infection.Methods:  A retrospective single‐centre case control study of 1641 primary knee arthroplasties was conducted between 1998 and 2006. Seventeen haematogenous prosthesis infections were identified and were matched with 51 controls. Perioperative data were collected prospectively, and co‐morbidities, infection parameters and sentinel events were collected from patient files and questionnaires. Analysis was performed between controls and the 17 haematogenous infections.Results:  The overall prosthetic infection rate was 2.2%. Acute infections accounted for 1.2% with late haematogenous accounting for 1%. The mean time to infection in the haematogenous infection group was 2.3 years (range 3 months to 11 years), and the mean follow‐up was 3.8 years (range 7 months to 11 years). Significant risk factors included the number of co‐morbidities (relative risk 3.4) and a sentinel event of cellulitis (relative risk 2.7). Fifteen of 17 cases described a sentinel event prior to infection compared with 31 of 51 controls (P= 0.041). The commonest preceding event was skin or soft tissue infection in nine (53%) cases. The most common infecting organism was Staphylococcus aureus in 12 patients (four methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus, eight methicillin‐sensitive Staphylococcus aureus).Conclusions:  Fifteen of 17 (88%) patients who developed late haematogenous infection had a preceding sentinel event with the commonest source being skin and soft tissue infection. Haematogenous infections are more likely to occur in patients with multiple co‐morbidities.
Hysteroscopic rollerball endometrial ablation as an alternative treatment for adenomyosis with menorrhagia and/or dysmenorrhea
Authors: Preutthipan Sangchai , Herabutya Yongyoth 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAim:  The aim of this study was to assess the long‐term effectiveness and safety of hysteroscopic rollerball endometrial ablation as a surgical management of adenomyosis with menorrhagia and/or dysmenorrhea. We compared the results of patients who underwent pretreatment with gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist with the results of those who did not.Methods:  A retrospective study included 190 adenomyotic patients who suffered from menorrhagia and/or dysmenorrhea and underwent hysteroscopic rollerball endometrial ablation. Main outcome measures were rates of successful operation, complications, improvement of abnormal uterine bleeding and pelvic pain after the surgery.Results:  The majority of the patients (142, 74.7%) underwent hysteroscopic rollerball endometrial ablation during the early proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle. The rest were operated on after GnRH agonist pretreatment for 6–8 weeks. Ablations were successfully performed on all patients in a day surgery setting. The average operation time was 36.3 ± 7.1 min. The mean glycine deficit was 583.4 ± 247.3 mL. The ablation in the no‐pretreatment group took a significantly longer time and had more glycine absorption compared to the GnRH agonist pretreatment group (P < 0.0001). Mean postoperative follow‐up duration was five years (range 1–10 years). A total of 187 patients (98.4%) who had undergone hysteroscopic endometrial ablation reported decreased bleeding: amenorrhea in 58 (30.5%), hypomenorrhea in 78 (41.1%), and eumenorrhea in 51 (26.8%) patients. Three patients (1.6%) underwent hysterectomy due to symptoms recurrence. A total of 165 (86.8%) patients with dysmenorrhea reported either reduced or no dysmenorrhea. There was no significant difference in the efficacy of hysteroscopic rollerball endometrial ablation between patients who underwent pretreatment with GnRH agonists and those who did not. No major complications related to the procedure were reported.Conclusions:  Hysteroscopic rollerball endometrial ablation as a surgical management of menorrhagia and dysmenorrhea that develops in patients with adenomyosis is an effective and safe procedure. It can reduce the need for the unnecessary major surgery of hysterectomy.
Effects of postoperative analgesia on postpartum urinary retention in women undergoing cesarean delivery
Authors: Liang Ching‐Chung , Chang Shuenn‐Dhy , Wong Shu‐Yam , Chang Yao‐Lung , Cheng Po‐Jen 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAim: Various analgesics and administration methods are used to provide women undergoing cesarean delivery pain relief after surgery. We compared three methods of postoperative analgesia regarding the incidence of postpartum urinary retention (PUR) in primiparous women undergoing elective cesarean delivery.Methods: We estimated post‐void residual bladder volume after the first postpartum micturition among 150 parturient women. Risk factors stratified for PUR defined by 150‐mL post‐void residual bladder volume were analyzed. Obstetric parameters and prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms after surgery were compared among three groups of parturient women given different postoperative analgesia: epidural bolus morphine (EBM), patient‐controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) with ropivacaine‐fentanyl, and intramuscular pethidine.Results: The incidence of PUR was higher in the group given EBM (33.3%) than the groups receiving ropivacaine‐fentanyl by PCEA (15%) or intramuscular pethidine (16.7%) (P = 0.038). Eighteen (12%) parturient women needed bladder catheterization to resolve their urinary retention at 1 day postpartum but all achieved spontaneous micturition prior to hospital discharge. The need for catheterization was also increased in the group with EBM (21.7%) in comparison with the other two groups (6.7% and 3.3%, respectively,P = 0.011). At the 3‐month follow up, six women (4%) had obstructive voiding problems and seven women (4.7%) had irritating voiding problems. At the 1‐year follow up, only one woman in the EBM group had incomplete emptying and another in the PCEA group had urinary incontinence.Conclusion: Epidural analgesia with morphine was significantly associated with post‐cesarean urinary retention. Nonetheless, it was not detrimental to later urinary function.