bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calculation of pure compound saturated enthalpies and saturated volumes with the PRSV equation of state. Revised k1 parameters for alkanes
Authors: Proust  , Meyer E. , Vera J. H. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe Stryjek‐Vera (1986a) modification of the Peng‐Robinson (1976) equation of state has been used to predict heats of vaporization, enthalpies of saturated phases and saturated volumes for pure compounds ranging in molecular complexity from diatomic gases to compounds showing polarity and association.Heats of vaporization at the normal boiling temperature are reproduced within 2% for the majority of the compounds tested. Similar results were obtained for the enthalpy of the saturated phases. Revised k1 parameters of the PRSV equation of state are reported for alkanes.An empirical correction has been developed for calculating saturated liquid volumes from the liquid volumes given by the PRSV equation of state. For the range of reduced temperatures from 0.5 to 0.99, deviations from experimental values are smaller than 4%. Saturated vapor volumes calculated from the PRSV equation of state were found to be satisfactory for most technical calculations.
Hydrodynamics and power consumption of a reciprocating plate gas–liquid column
Authors: Lounes Mustapha , Thibault Jules 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAn experimental program has been initiated to use a reciprocating plate column for aerobic fermentations. This paper reports the results of the initial phase consisting of the hydrodynamic studies and the evaluation of the power consumption as a function of the level of agitation and gas superficial velocity. The variation of the gas holdup is presented and compared to a correlation. It is shown that a simple correlation can predict adequately the gas holdup when water is used. The power consumption, necessary for scale‐up and design considerations, was evaluated using the pressure variation at the base of the column, the pressure difference across the column and the force exerted on the central shaft to reciprocate the plate stack. Results for the power consumed by the fluid mixture obtained with the three methods are presented and analyzed. The three methods give approximately the same value of the power consumption.
Characteristics and so2 capture capacities of sorbents prepared from products of spray‐drying flue gas desulfurization
Authors: Ho Ch'Un‐Sung , Shih Shin‐Min 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe characteristics and the SO2 capture capacities of sorbents prepared from products of spray‐drying flue gas desulfurization (FGD) have been studied. Sorbents were prepared by first slurrying Ca(OH)2 and CaSO3 and/or CaSO4 with and without the addition of fly ash and then drying. Compared to the use of pure Ca(OH)2, the SO2 capture and Ca(OH)2 utilization decreased for sorbents prepared without fly ash and increased for sorbents with fly ash. Flakelike ill‐crystallized tobermorites were observed for all the sorbents containing fly ash. In addition, significant amounts of needle‐shape Ca4Al2(OH)12SO4 . 6H2O and Ca6Al2 (OH)12(SO4)3 . 26H2O (ettringite) were also observed for the sorbents containing CaSO3 and/or CaSO4. These newly formed compounds dissociated into CaSO3 . 0.5 H2O and inert precursors upon sulfation, and were responsible for the high SO2 capture capacities and Ca(OH)2 utilizations of the sorbents prepared with fly ash.
Modified oil agglomeration process for coal beneficiation. iv. pilot‐plant demonstration of the simultaneous grinding‐agglomeration process
Authors: Trass Olev , Vasquez E. R. , Campbell P. D. , Gandolfi E. A. J. , Koka V. R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSimultaneous grinding and agglomeration (SGA) in the novel Szego Mill allows significant simplifications and energy savings. The excess grinding energy is used for mixing and agglomerate formation. Results are reported over a range of operating conditions. The SGA process has been demonstrated in the laboratory and in a 12 tonnes/day pilot plant with satisfactory results. The economics of coal beneficiation for slurry fuel preparation is considered.
Near‐critical phase behavior of mixtures using equations of state
Authors: Firoozabadi Abbas , Arbabi Sepehr , Dindoruk Birol 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPhase behavior calculation of hydrocarbon mixtures and gas condensate systems in the near‐critical and retrograde regions is of a fundamental nature. Current approaches using an equation of state cannot be used reliably to calculate the phase behavior of gas condensates in the near‐critical region, and the use of complicated mixing rules may not yield reliable results.In this paper, we propose to modify the binary interaction coefficients. These coefficients, contrary to the current assumption, may not be constant (even at a given temperature), but are a function of the distance to the critical point of the system. When this variation is accounted for, significant improvement in the description of the phase behavior around the critical point can be obtained.
Mass transfer study in a pulsed bed electrode ‐ application to the electrodeposition of a poly(dibenzo‐18‐crown‐6) film
Authors: Lebolay N. , Guilland J. F. , Ricard A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe polymerization of dibenzo‐18‐crown‐6 has been carried out in an electrochemical reactor containing a granular electrode percolated by a pulsed solution. The influence of different parameters (pulse frequency, permanent flow velocity of the electrolytic solution, particle diameter and bed height) on the mass transfer has been studied. A correlation between the reduced mass transfer coefficient and the Strouhal number has been established. The maximum mass transfer coefficient and the maximum Strouhal number have been determined as a function of the Galilee number. The correlation predicts well the mass transfer coefficient over a larger range of the variables than previously achieved.
Hysteresis effects in countercurrent gas‐liquid flow limitations in a vertical tube
Authors: Shoukri M. , Abdul‐Razzak A. , Yan C. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractNew experiments on air‐water countercurrent flow limitations in a vertical pipe are presented. The experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of test procedure on the occurrence of the two countercurrent flow limitations; namely the onset of flooding and complete carry‐up limits. The results revealed the existence of significant hysteresis effects at both limits particularly for high liquid feed rate. For low liquid feed rate, hysteresis effects were only observed at the complete carry‐up limit. Some associated visual observations are reported and the results were empirically correlated and compared with recent data obtained by others.
Drag on non‐spherical particles in non‐newtonian fluids
Authors: Rodrigue D. , Chhabra R. P. , de Kee D. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractExtensive experimental results on the free fall of a range of non‐spherical particles such as square bars, cylinders, spheres and crushed rock chips in Newtonian, inelastic, viscoelastic and Boger fluids are presented. It is demonstrated that the use of a volume equivalent sphere diameter in addition to a shape factor provides an adequate approximation for the non‐sphericity of particles used in this study. The applicability of two rheological models, namely, the power‐law and the Carreau viscosity model has been examined in representing the drag coefficient results. Appropriate predictive expressions of the drag coefficient as a function of the particle Reynolds number and the Deborah number, encompassing wide ranges of rheological and kinematic conditions, are presented.
Determination of thermal parameters of non‐spherical particles in a packed bed from svstem response analysis in the time domain
Authors: Doan H. D. , Brown R. B. , Davidson V. J. , Otten L. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe thermal conductivity and the particle‐to‐fluid heat‐transfer coefficient for peanut‐shaped polyester particles in a packed bed were determined simultaneously using the pseudo‐random binary noise sequence (PRBNS) response technique. The modified Dispersion‐Concentric (D‐C) model was applied to beds packed with the non‐spherical particles. A time domain method, using the convolution integral, was developed for removing the effects of the bed ends and the transducer time lag on the experimental responses. Parameter estimation was performed in the time domain, using a simplex method to fit the thermal response calculated from the parametric D‐C model to the experimental response curve. The particle‐to‐fluid heat transfer coefficient in the bed was determined to be 106 W/m2. K at an interstitial fluid velocity of 2.0 m/s. The thermal conductivity of polyester was 0.22 W/m. K at 313 K.
Reaction kinetics of rye straw for thermnochemical conversion
Authors: Ghaly A. E. , Ergüdenler A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) were conducted on two common types of rye straws (Danko and Kustro) at a heating rate of 20°C/min in an oxidizing atmosphere (15% oxygen and 85% nitrogen, by volume) between ambient temperature and 700°C. The two step nature of the TGA curves and the dual peak characteristics of the DTA curves showed that rye straw had two distinct reaction zones. The initial degradation temperatures, the residual mass at 700°C, the thermal degradation rates in the first and second reaction zones and the kinetic parameters of each reaction zone (order of reaction, activation energy and pre‐exponential factor) were determined. Higher thermal degradation rates were observed in the first reaction zone as compared to those in the second reaction zone.
Estimating parameters in nonlinear rate equations
Authors: Watts Donald G. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractReaction rate equations with coefficients that have an Arrhenius dependence on temperature require nonlinear procedures to obtain parameter estimates. Estimates are important, but of equal importance are their measures of plausibility. The simplest measures, in the form (estimate ± limits), are based on linear approximations, which can be, and often are, highly misleading. But there is no need to use approximations because modern statistical profiling techniques can produce accurate intervals very efficiently. Profiling also provides valuable insight into the estimation situation by revealing how models can be simplified. Strategies are given for model reformulation and parameter transformation to produce models with well‐behaved estimates.
Friction and heat and mass transfer for turbulent pseudoplastic non‐newtonian fluid flows in rough pipes
Authors: Kawase Y. , Shenoy A. V. , Wakabayashi K. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractFriction factor and heat and mass transfer coefficient correlations are developed for turbulent pseudoplastic (purely viscous or inelastic) non‐Newtonian fluids flowing through rough pipes.A correlation for friction factor which is applicable in the region of transition from the smooth to the fully‐rough regime is proposed. It is obtained by adding the two correlations for the limiting situations, i.e. smooth pipes and fully‐rough pipes. The predictions of the proposed correlation are compared with published experimental data and other previous correlations.A model for heat and mass transfer is developed on the basis of the Levich three‐zone model. It is found that the proposed model is capable of predicting satisfactorily heat and mass transfer coefficients for Newtonian and pseudoplastic non‐Newtonian fluid flow in rough pipes.
Prediction of surface tension of naphtha reformate using UNIFAC
Authors: Darwish E. I. , Al‐Sahhaf T. A. , Fahim M. A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe surface tension of naphtha reformate cuts (60−170°C) were predicted using a modified UNIFAC group contribution method. The naphtha was distilled into eleven cuts of 10°C intervals to obtain narrow boiling range cuts. The surface tensions were determined in the temperature range 10−50°C and were compared with predicted values. A standard deviation of 5.9% was found using this method, versus 3.7% when the corresponding states method was used over the temperature range of 60−170°C. However, for the higher temperature range of 140−170°C, this method gave a standard deviation of 2.9% versus 7.6% for the other method.
Transfert de matière entre une nappe de mercure et des jets liquides immergés, simples ou multiples
Authors: Bensmaili A. , Coeuret F. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractOn a déterminé expérimentalement, par une méthode électrochimique, le coefficient moyen de transfert de matière entre des jets circulaires immergés verticaux de liquide, uniques ou multiples, et une nappe horizontale de mercure placée sous ces jets. Cette nappe est déformée par l'impact des jets et sa surface se trouve augmentée d'au maximum 30%. Des corrélations des résultats sont proposées. Dans le cas de jets uniques, le problème se trouve décrit d'une manière analogue à celui du transfert de matière dans une couche limite laminaire développée sur une plaque plane. Dans le cas de jets multiples, les corrélations sont empiriques, mais un support théorique a été considéré pour les jets turbulents.
Methane oxidative coupling over promoted Pb/Ca catalysts
Authors: Zhou Bing , Mcfarlane Richard A. , Smith Kevin J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA series of Pb/Ca catalysts, promoted with Li, K and La, and prepared by different procedures, have been examined for the oxidative coupling of methane. The Li promoted Pb/Ca had the highest C2 selectivity and yield of the catalysts studied, including the unpromoted Pb/Ca. For the Li/Pb/Ca catalyst, CO2 added to the feed resulted in a decreased CH4 conversion and an increased C2 selectivity. Addition of H2O to the feed with the same catalyst, increased C2 yield. These effects are discussed in terms of deactivation and regeneration of the active sites by CO2 and H2O, respectively.
The solubility of CO2 in a 30 mass percent monoethanolamine solution
Authors: Jou Fang‐Yuan , Mather Alan E. , Otto Frederick D. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe solubility of CO2 in a 30 mass % monoethanolamine (MEA) solution has been measured at eight temperatures between 0 and 150°C at partial pressures of CO2 ranging from 0.001 to 20,000 kPa. The data have been correlated using the Deshmukh‐Mather (1981) model.
Small‐Molecule Inhibitors of Store‐Operated Calcium Entry
Authors: Sweeney Zachary K. , Minatti Ana , Button Donald C. , Patrick Silvia 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMolecules that inhibitstore‐operated calcium entry (SOCE) are potentially useful immunomodulating agents. The identification of proteins involved in this pathway may further enable the identification of selective inhibitors. Herein we document some examples of the small‐molecule inhibitors of SOCE that have been reported to date. We also describe methods that were used to characterize the mechanism of action of these inhibitors.magnified imageControlled variation in intracellular calcium concentration is a key component of the immune response signaling pathway in lymphocytes. Store‐operated calcium entry (SOCE) in these cells provides a prolonged increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+concentrations and ultimately leads to the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Molecules that inhibit SOCE could therefore be useful immunomodulating agents for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, and other conditions. Although the presence of the SOCE signaling pathway in lymphocytes and other cells involved in the immune response has been known for many years, key proteins involved in SOCE were identified only recently. The identification of these proteins may further enable the identification of agents that inhibit SOCE without affecting other cellular processes. This contribution documents representative examples of the small‐molecule inhibitors of SOCE that have been reported to date. Where possible, methods that were used to characterize the mechanism of action of the inhibitors are also described.
Preparation of Remote NHC Complexes of Rhodium(I) and Gold(I) by Ligand Transfer
Authors: Strasser Christoph E. , Stander‐Grobler Elzet , Schuster Oliver , Cronje Stephanie , Raubenheimer Helgard G. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe rNHC complexes (5‐butyl‐1,2‐dimethylpyridin‐4(1H)‐ylidene)Cr(CO)5 (1), as well as the novel compounds (1,2‐dimethyl‐5‐phenylpyridin‐4(1H)‐ylidene)M(CO)5 (2, M = Cr; 3, M = W) and (1‐methylpyridin‐4(1H)‐ylidene)Cr(CO)5 (7) were prepared from Fischer carbene complexes. Reaction of 1 with [Rh2(μ‐Cl)2(CO)4] then afforded the first rNHC RhI complex, 4. Transfer of the ligand in 2 to Ph3PAu+ afforded the cationic rNHC gold complex, 5 and reaction of 3 and 7 with [AuCl(tht)] gave the neutral rNHC–AuCl complexes 6 and 8. The compounds were characterised by IR and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy as well as mass spectrometry. The crystal and molecular structures of the remote pyridinylidene complexes 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8 were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Study of interaction in bioindication research on tobacco plant injuries caused by ground level ozone
Authors: Kayzer Dariusz , Borowiak Klaudia , Budka Anna , Zbierska Janina 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTropospheric ozone is one of the most phytotoxic air pollutants. Its concentration has increased over recent decades. Bioindication methods could help to measure ozone levels in places where automatic methods are not available. The investigations described were carried out in the city of Poznan (Poland) and in its vicinity, using tobacco plants as a bioindicator for ozone. Plants were located at 10 sites during the years 2002–2004, and visible ozone injuries were assessed. Statistical methods based on multidimensional models were used to interpret the results. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the level of ozone‐related injury to the 5th tobacco leaf, using multivariate analysis of variance. Differences of leaf injury levels between certain years and exposition sites were especially analyzed. The results of multivariate analysis were presented graphically in the space of canonical variates. The described study shows that multidimensional analysis of variance using canonical variates appears be an appropriate technique for testing hypotheses about differences between years and exposition sites as regards 5th leaf injury degree. The studies revealed a high variability of tobacco leaf injury caused by ozone in Poznan and its vicinity. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of ambient air pollution on respiratory illness in Hong Kong: a regional study
Authors: Shao Quanxi , Wong Heung , Ip Wai‐Cheung , Li Ming 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIt is widely agreed that the exposure in air pollution causes serious respiratory illnesses and that the weather may also contribute to the seriousness. However, it is difficult to quantify the effects of pollutants and weather conditions due to the high unknown nonlinearities in the impact of these environmental and weather factors on the illnesses and possible interactions amongst these factors. In this paper, the multiple index model is employed to explore such relationship in Hong Kong. Time lags are incorporated to address the incubative period from the impact to the symptoms. We found that the weather factors are important in triggering the illnesses. However, the similarity in the number of illnesses and weather pattern causes the seriousness of ambient air pollutants being distorted. We restrict the time periods in winter and summer in which the weather is relatively stable. We then clearly identified the importance of air pollutants to respiratory illnesses. The results also revealed the difference between sub‐regions. By comparing with linear and several nonlinear models, we understood that the nonlinear relationship is supportive. We also found that our model is better than the single index model, indicating that further fine‐tuning is necessary to achieve better forecasting results. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The SNRI venlafaxine improves emotional unawareness in patients with post‐stroke depression
Authors: Cravello Luca , Caltagirone Carlo , Spalletta Gianfranco 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectivePatients with stroke have a high prevalence of depression and unawareness of emotions or alexithymia. Here we investigated the effects of the serotoninergic and noradrenergic reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) venlafaxine in comparison with the SSRI fluoxetine on alexithymia severity in patients with DSM‐IV post‐stroke major depressive‐like episode (PSD).MethodsFifty inpatients with first‐ever stroke and PSD were consecutively enrolled in this randomized open‐label study. Twenty‐five were treated with the SNRI venlafaxine SR (75–150 mg/die), and 25 with the SSRI fluoxetine (20–40 mg/die). All patients were assessed at day 0, and after 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks, using the Mini‐Mental State Examination, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS‐20).ResultsPatients treated with fluoxetine and those treated with venlafaxine showed similar improvement in depressive symptoms. However, patients treated with venlafaxine had a greater improvement on alexithymia severity than those treated with fluoxetine. The effect of venlafaxine on unawareness of emotions was evident in patients with alexithymia (TAS‐20 ≥ 61) at the baseline and in those without alexithymia (TAS‐20 < 61).ConclusionsAntidepressants acting on both the serotoninergic and noradrenergic systems might represent a valid resource not only for the treatment of depression but also for improving emotional unawareness in stroke patients. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecularly imprinted polymer for the determination of trace ractopamine in pork using SPE followed by HPLC with fluorescence detection
Authors: Wang Shuo , Liu Li , Fang Guozhen , Zhang Chao , He Jinxing 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn this study, a molecularly imprinted functionalized polymer for the selective separation of ractopamine (RAC) was prepared by combining a surface molecular imprinting technique with a sol–gel method process. The polymer was evaluated by static, kinetic adsorption, and selective experiments. Results indicated that the molecularly imprinted polymer had high adsorption capacity, selective ability, and fast mass transfer rate. The polymer was applied for the determination of trace RAC through online SPE‐HPLC. With a sample loading flow rate of 2 mL/min, the enhancement factor of 516.26 and the LOD (S/N = 3) of 4.6 ng/L were achieved, respectively, and the linear range of the calibration curve was 0.04–18 μg/L with r2 >0.99. The RAC in pork was determined at three spiked levels (0.5, 1, and 2 ng/g) with recoveries ranging from 55.86 to 67.28%.