bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate proxies for recent fjord sediments in the inner Sognefjord region, western Norway
Authors: Paetzel Matthias , Dale Torbjørn 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Three high-resolution sediment cores from the periodically anoxic Inner Barsnesfjord and the oxic Outer Barsnesfjord and Sogndalsfjord, Western Norway, are analysed for signals of climate variation. Sedimentation rates are 0.85, 0.75 and 0.45 cm a
−1
, respectively. Sediment slices are taken of 0.3–0.5 cm thickness revealing annual resolution. Corresponding peaks of mineral clay particles, total organic matter and freshwater diatoms correlate well with maxima in regional precipitation, temperature and cloud cover over the last 20 years. This regional climate record is also correlated to the wider NAO (North Atlantic Oscillation) winter index, northern hemisphere temperature and solar activity (cosmic rays and open solar flux) based on 60 years of continuous observation. There is a strong indication that the fjord sediment record contains a climate archive spanning the last 20–100 a; it is suggested that these proxies might also work on longer timescales. A simple box model is presented describing the use of the sediment record for the interpretation of climate variability on a regional scale and at a longer timescale on a millennium scale. It is predicted that this model can be transferred to sediment settings of similar regional climate influence.
Fjord systems and archives: a review
Authors: Howe John A. , Austin William E. N. , Forwick Matthias , Paetzel Matthias , Harland Rex , Cage Alix G. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Fjords are glacially over-deepened semi-enclosed marine basins, typically with entrance sills separating their deep waters from the adjacent coastal waters which restrict water circulation and thus oxygen renewal. The location of fjords is principally controlled by the occurrence of ice sheets, either modern or ancestral. Fjords are therefore geomorphological features that represent the transition from the terrestrial to the marine environment and, as such, have the potential to preserve evidence of environmental change. Typically, most fjords have been glaciated a number of times and some high-latitude fjords still possess a resident glacier. In most cases, glacial erosion through successive glacial/interglacial cycles has ensured the removal of sediment sequences within the fjord. Hence the stratigraphic record in fjords largely preserves a glacial-deglacial cycle of deposition over the last 18 ka or so. Sheltered water and high sedimentation rates have the potential to make fjords ideal depositional environments for preserving continuous records of climate and environmental change with high temporal resolution. In addition to acting as high-resolution environmental archives, fjords can also be thought of as mini-ocean sedimentary basin laboratories. Fjords remain an understudied and often neglected sedimentary realm. With predictions of warming climates, changing ocean circulation and rising sea levels, this volume is a timely look at these environmentally sensitive coastlines.

Supplementary material:

The Glossary is available at:
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18440
.
Holocene climate variations at the entrance to a warm Arctic fjord: evidence from Kongsfjorden trough, Svalbard
Authors: Skirbekk Kari , Kristensen Dorthe Klitgaard , Rasmussen Tine L. , Koç Nalan , Forwick Matthias 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

The North Atlantic Current transports warm and salty water into the Nordic Seas and continues northwards into the Arctic Ocean as the West Spitsbergen Current. This current flows along the west coast of the Svalbard archipelago and into the fjords and troughs on the Svalbard shelf. We have investigated a core (NP05-11-21GC) from the Kongsfjorden trough, which spans the last 12 ka. The core site presently experiences seasonal inflow of Atlantic Water masses, and may therefore provide a record of past variations in Atlantic Water inflow to the Arctic. Lithological analysis and benthic foraminifera have been used to reconstruct the palaeoceanographic development in the area. The results show that cold and harsh conditions prevailed during the late part of the Younger Dryas and that the site was in proximity to glaciers. After 11.8 ka BP the first influence of Atlantic Water is seen in the fauna. This was followed by changes in glacial activity at 11.5 ka BP. During the period 11.5–10.6 ka BP the fauna indicate increased influence of Atlantic Water and the final deglaciation of the fjord after the Younger Dryas period. These initial ameliorated conditions were interrupted by a 250-year long cooling starting at 11.3 ka BP, corresponding to the Preboreal Oscillation. After 10.6 ka BP a marked change from an ice proximal to ice distal environment occurred accompanied by the strong influence of Atlantic Water masses. In the Mid-Holocene at 7 ka BP, the influence of Atlantic Water diminished but no sign of an immediate response of the glaciers to this are found in the core. The evidence suggests that intensification of glacial activity started as late as
c
. 3.5 ka BP. Comparing the core from Kongsfjorden trough with two shelf records from Svalbard generally shows similar faunal development although some differences exist. These are assumed to be related to the distance of each record to the position of the Arctic front.
Using seismic facies and pollen analyses to evaluate climatically driven change in a Scottish sea loch (fjord) over the last 20 ka
Authors: Baltzer Agnès , Bates Richard , Mokeddem Zohra , Clet-Pellerin Martine , Walter-Simonnet Anne-Véronique , Bonnot-Courtois Chantal , Austin William E. N. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Loch Sunart is a glacially over-deepened sea loch (fjord) on the west coast of Scotland, UK. The loch is divided into three sub-basins, separated by relatively shallow and narrow sills. A programme of data collection including high-resolution bathymetric sonar and sub-bottom seismic surveys were conducted in the loch as part of an investigation into the sedimentological and climatic change signatures preserved in western sea lochs since the Last Glacial Maximum. Very-high-resolution sub-bottom profiles were obtained using the SEISTEC boomer system. The seismic profiles revealed an igneous and metamorphic basement covered by a 10–70 m thick sediment sequence. Five different acoustic facies were recognized and interpreted in terms of glacial activity, ice retreat and subsequent Holocene sedimentation. These facies have been correlated to sediments sampled in a radiocarbon-dated 12 m long giant piston core (MD04-2833) acquired from the main basin of Loch Sunart. Pollen analyses conducted along the length of the core, together with
14
C dating, indicate a complex series of palaeoclimate changes in the loch. In particular, five distinct cooling events have been recognized
c
. 9.8, 8.2, 5.8, 1.2 cal ka BP and 771–1211 cal a BP (possibly the Little Ice Age), corresponding to phases of Holocene rapid climate change.
Short-term hydrographic variability in a stratified Arctic fjord
Authors: Skarðhamar J. , Svendsen H. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Fjords in the Arctic often have a more complex circulation pattern than the classical two-dimensional estuarine circulation. This is due to the effects of the Earth's rotation on stratified waters in wide fjords. Observations from a semi-enclosed fjord basin, Van Mijenfjorden on Spitsbergen, show that the hydrography and circulation vary considerably on short timescales (hours) in the summer season. The depth and distribution of the low salinity upper water layer respond quickly to changes in the wind field. The Coriolis effect has an essential impact on the circulation, inducing eddy-like flow patterns and strong cross-fjord gradients. Within the upper layer, the lowest salinity values and highest temperatures were found on the northern side of the fjord in calm wind periods. When the wind was strong from the west, the cross-fjord gradients were reversed. Internal wave activity contributes to large vertical displacement of water below the upper layer. Knowledge of such strongly variable hydrographic conditions in fjords are important for sampling strategy and interpretation of data, for instance of primary production and sedimentation processes, and for the understanding of fjords as depositional systems.
Dinoflagellate cysts as proxies for palaeoceanographic conditions in Arctic fjords
Authors: Howe John A. , Harland Rex , Cottier Finlo R. , Brand Tim , Willis Kate J. , Berge Jørgen R. , Grøsfjeld Kari , Eriksson Anita 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

The potential of using dinoflagellate cysts as proxies for palaeoceanographic conditions and as monitors of the dynamic marine environment of climatically sensitive Arctic fjords was investigated with sediment traps. Dinoflagellate cysts were analysed from three separate deployments in two high Arctic fjords in the Svalbard archipelago. Two deployments in Kongsfjorden on the west coast of Svalbard occurred during 2002 and 2006–2007 and a deployment in Rijpfjorden on the NE coast occurred during 2006–2007. The cyst production displayed peaks of abundance in the spring and late summer with distinct differences in cyst occurrence in different fjords and in different years. The recorded and identified cyst species were consistent both with the hydrography of the fjords and with changes in cyst composition that are comparable to the seasonal shifts in water mass characteristics. The presence of the heterotrophic species
Protoperidinium conicum
in Kongsfjorden during 2002 is of note and may reflect the availability of a particular food source possibly associated with the strong influx of Atlantic Water. Cysts recovered from Kongsfjorden during 2006–2007 were dominated by
Islandinium minutum
, an indicator of cold, polar to subpolar conditions. The temperature and salinity characteristics of the ambient hydrography in this period indicated less influence by Atlantic Water than in 2002, and the cyst production was consistent with regional cyst distribution patterns. In Rijpfjorden, cyst assemblages were dominated by
Pentapharsodinium dalei
, consistent with the fjord being dominated by full Arctic conditions during the mooring deployment and the possible occurrence of stratified water with high productivity during the spring phytoplankton bloom.
High benthic foraminiferal species counts in a Clyde Sea maerl bed, western Scotland
Authors: Austin William E. N. , Cage Alix G. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
A preliminary investigation of the occurrence of hard-shelled benthic foraminifera in a sample of maerl (gravels derived from calcareous red seaweed) collected from a water depth of 10 m by SCUBA diving in the Clyde Sea, Scotland reveals an exceptionally well-preserved and diverse assemblage. A total of 90 different species were identified, comprising 12 agglutinated, 15 porcelaneous and 63 hyaline types; this represents the highest recorded species count described from the west of Scotland. The assemblage probably represents an integrated record of material derived directly from the maerl (mostly epifaunal types) and material derived from the reworking of adjacent sediments (mostly infaunal types). Maerl deposits represent an important near-shore habitat which appear to have been largely overlooked in regional studies of benthic foraminiferal distribution/ecology.
Pazopanib Reveals a Role for Tumor Cell B-Raf in the Prevention of HER2+ Breast Cancer Brain Metastasis
Authors: Gril Brunilde , Palmieri Diane , Qian Yong , Smart DeeDee , Ileva Lilia , Liewehr David J. , Steinberg Seth M. , Steeg Patricia S. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Purpose: Brain metastases of breast cancer contribute significantly to patient morbidity and mortality. We have tested pazopanib, a recently approved antiangiogenic drug that targets VEGFR1, VEGFR2, VEGFR3, PDGFRβ, PDGFRα, and c-kit, for prevention of experimental brain metastases and mechanism of action.
Experimental Design: In vitro assays included B-Raf enzymatic assays, Western blots, and angiogenesis assays. For in vivo assays, HER2 transfectants of the brain seeking sublines of MDA-MB-231 cells (231-BR-HER2) and MCF7 cells (MCF7-HER2-BR3, derived herein) were injected into the left cardiac ventricle of mice and treated with vehicle or pazopanib beginning on day 3 postinjection. Brain metastases were counted histologically, imaged, and immunostained.
Results: Treatment with 100 mg/kg of pazopanib resulted in a 73% decline in large 231-BR-HER2 metastases (P &lt; 0.0001) and a 39% decline in micrometastases (P = 0.004). In vitro, pazopanib was directly antiproliferative to 231-BR-HER2 breast cancer cells and inhibited MEK and ERK activation in vitro despite B-Raf and Ras mutations. Enzymatic assays demonstrated that pazopanib directly inhibited the wild type and exon 11 oncogenic mutant, but not the V600E mutant forms of B-Raf. Activation of the B-Raf targets pERK1/2 and pMEK1/2 was decreased in pazopanib-treated brain metastases whereas blood vessel density was unaltered. In the MCF7-HER2-BR3 experimental brain metastasis model, pazopanib reduced overall brain metastasis volume upon magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by 55% (P = 0.067), without affecting brain metastasis vascular density.
Conclusions: The data identify a new activity for pazopanib directly on tumor cells as a pan-Raf inhibitor and suggest its potential for prevention of brain metastatic colonization of HER2+ breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 17(1); 142–53. ©2010 AACR.
The individual-cell-based cryo-chip for the cryopreservation, manipulation and observation of spatially identifiable cells. II: Functional activity of cryopreserved cells
Authors: Afrimzon Elena , Zurgil Naomi , Shafran Yana , Ehrhart Friederike , Namer Yaniv , Moshkov Sergei , Sobolev Maria , Deutsch Assaf , Howitz Steffen , Greuner Martin , Thaele Michael , Meiser Ina , Zimmermann Heiko , Deutsch Mordechai 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe cryopreservation and thawing processes are known to induce many deleterious effects in cells and might be detrimental to several cell types. There is an inherent variability in cellular responses among cell types and within individual cells of a given population with regard to their ability to endure the freezing and thawing process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the fate of cryopreserved cells within an optical cryo apparatus, the individual-cell-based cryo-chip (i3C), by monitoring several basic cellular functional activities at the resolution of individual cells.ResultsIn the present study, U937 cells underwent the freezing and thawing cycle in the i3C device. Then a panel of vital tests was performed, including the number of dead cells (PI staining), apoptotic rate (Annexin V staining), mitochondrial membrane potential (TMRM staining), cytoplasm membrane integrity and intracellular metabolism (FDA staining), as well as post-thawing cell proliferation assays. Cells that underwent the freezing - thawing cycle in i3C devices exhibited the same functional activity as control cells. Moreover, the combination of the multi-parametric analysis at a single cell resolution and the optical and biological features of the device enable an accurate determination of the functional status of individual cells and subsequent retrieval and utilization of the most valuable cells.ConclusionsThe means and methodologies described here enable the freezing and thawing of spatially identifiable cells, as well as the efficient detection of viable, specific, highly biologically active cells for future applications.
Contribution of constitutively proliferating precursor cell subtypes to dentate neurogenesis after cortical infarcts
Authors: Keiner Silke , Walter Josephine , Oberland Julia , Redecker Christoph 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Background
It is well known that focal ischemia increases neurogenesis in the adult dentate gyrus of the hippocampal formation but the cellular mechanisms underlying this proliferative response are only poorly understood. We here investigated whether precursor cells which constitutively proliferate before the ischemic infarct contribute to post-ischemic neurogenesis. To this purpose, transgenic mice expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of the nestin promoter received repetitive injections of the proliferation marker bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) prior to induction of cortical infarcts. We then immunocytochemically analyzed the fate of these BrdU-positive precursor cell subtypes from day 4 to day 28 after the lesion.

Results
Quantification of BrdU-expressing precursor cell populations revealed no alteration in number of radial glia-like type 1 cells but a sequential increase of later precursor cell subtypes in lesioned animals (type 2a cells at day 7, type 3 cells/immature neurons at day 14). These alterations result in an enhanced survival of mature neurons 4 weeks postinfarct.

Conclusions
Focal cortical infarcts recruit dentate precursor cells generated already before the infarct and significantly contribute to an enhanced neurogenesis. Our findings thereby increase our understanding of the complex cellular mechanisms of postlesional neurogenesis.
A novel genetically-obese rat model with elevated 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 activity in subcutaneous adipose tissue
Authors: Prasad Sakamuri SS Vara , Prashanth Anamthathmakula , Kumar Chodavarapu Pavan , Reddy Sirisha J , Giridharan Nappan V , Vajreswari Ayyalasomayajula 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) catalyzes the conversion of inactive glucocorticoids to active glucocorticoids and plays an important role in the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome. 11β-HSD1 activity is lower in liver and higher in omental adipose tissue of obese rodent models like obese zucker rats, Ob/Ob and db/db mice. Here, we report the 11β-HSD1 activity in liver and adipose tissue of lean and obese rats of WNIN/Ob strain, a new genetic rat model of obesity. 11β-HSD1 activity in liver, omental and subcutaneous adipose tissues of 3 month-old male WNIN/Ob lean and obese rats was assayed. As observed in other rodent models, 11β-HSD1 activity was lower in liver and higher in omental adipose tissue. In contrast to other rodent obese models, WNIN/Ob obese rats had elevated 11β-HSD1 activity in subcutaneous adipose tissue, which is in line with the observation in human obesity. Here, we conclude that dysregulation of 11β-HSD1 in WNIN/Ob obese rat model is identical to human obesity, which makes it an excellent model for studying the effect of 11β-HSD1 inhibitors in ameliorating obesity and metabolic syndrome.
Temporomandibular joint dysfunction and orthognathic surgery: a retrospective study
Authors: Dujoncquoy Jean-Pascal , Ferri Joël , Raoul Gwénael , Kleinheinz Johannes 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Background
Relations between maxillo-mandibular deformities and TMJ disorders have been the object of different studies in medical literature and there are various opinions concerning the alteration of TMJ dysfunction after orthognathic surgery. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate TMJ disorders changes before and after orthognathic surgery, and to assess the risk of creating new TMJ symptoms on asymptomatic patients.

Methods
A questionnaire was sent to 176 patients operated at the Maxillo-Facial Service of the Lille's 2 Universitary Hospital Center (Chairman Pr Joël Ferri) from 01.01.2006 to 01.01.2008. 57 patients (35 females and 22 males), age range from 16 to 65 years old, filled the questionnaire. The prevalence and the results on pain, sounds, clicking, joint locking, limited mouth opening, and tenseness were evaluated comparing different subgroups of patients.

Results
TMJ symptoms were significantly reduced after treatment for patients with pre-operative symptoms. The overall subjective treatment outcome was: improvement for 80.0% of patients, no change for 16.4% of patients, and an increase of symptoms for 3.6% of them. Thus, most patients were very satisfied with the results. However the appearance of new onset of TMJ symptoms is common. There was no statistical difference in the prevalence of preoperative TMJ symptoms and on postoperative results in class II compared to class III patients.

Conclusions
These observations demonstrate that: there is a high prevalence of TMJ disorders in dysgnathic patients; most of patients with preoperative TMJ signs and symptoms can improve TMJ dysfunction and pain levels can be reduced by orthognathic treatment; a percentage of dysgnathic patients who were preoperatively asymptomatic can develop TMJ disorders after surgery but this risk is low.
Bilateral heterochronic spontaneous hemothorax caused by pulmonary arteriovenous malformation in a gravid: A case report
Authors: Zhao Yinghao , Li Guang-Yu , Yang Zhiguang , Zhang Peng , Zhang Kun , Shao Guoguang 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Bilateral heterochronic spontaneous hemothorax as a result of pulmonary ateriovenous malformation is a very rarely happened disease. A 34-year-old woman presented major symptoms with right-sided chest pain and shortness of breath. The following contrast-enhanced computed tomographic scan of the chest showed a large amount of fluid in the right thorax with mediastinal shift, but without major vessel injury and 2 small dense opacities in the apical segment of the right lower lobe and in the posterior aspect of the left lower lobe. The patient underwent local resection of the right lower lobe. The pulmonary ateriovenous malformation was further identified by pathological examination. One month after she was discharged home, the symptoms described above recurred. A follow-up computed tomographic scan of the chest showed a large amount of fluid in the left thorax. During the emergency operation, we found a bullous lesion in the left lower lobe and a small blood vessel overlying the lesion that was actively bleeding. As stated above, local resection of the left lower lobe was performed once more. Pathological result was the same as observed previously. There were no postoperative complications and she was discharged from the hospital after two weeks. Two months later, she successfully delivered a healthy female infant. Up to now, regular follow-up observation has shown her to be perfectly asymptomatic.
Human papillomavirus-16 presence and physical status in lung carcinomas from Asia
Authors: Aguayo Francisco , Anwar Muhammad , Koriyama Chihaya , Castillo Andres , Sun Quanfu , Morewaya Jacob , Eizuru Yoshito , Akiba Suminori 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Background
Although human papillomavirus (HPV) genome has been detected in lung cancer, its prevalence is highly variable around the world. Higher frequencies have been reported in far-east Asian countries, when compared with European countries. The present study analysed the HPV-16 presence in 60 lung carcinomas from the Asian countries China, Pakistan and Papua New Guinea.

Results
HPV-16 was present in 8/59 (13%) samples. According to histological type, HPV-16 was detected in 8/18 (44%) squamous cell carcinomas (SQCs), which were mainly from Pakistan; 0/38 (0%) adenocarcinomas (ACs), which were mainly from China; and in 0/4 (0%) small cell carcinomas (SCLCs). The observed histological difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). HPV-16 viral load was also determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR); it ranged between 411 to 2345 copies/100 ng of genomic DNA. HPV-16 genome was found integrated into the host genome in every HPV-16 positive carcinoma.

Conclusion
These results support the notion that HPV-16 infection is highly associated with SQCs in Pakistan. Our results show a frequent HPV-16 integration in SQCs, although the low viral load casts doubt respect a direct etiological role of HPV in lung carcinomas from Asia. Additional HPV-16 characterization is necessary to establish a direct or indirect etiological role of HPV in this malignancy.