bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical compatibility of telavancin hydrochloride with select i.v. drugs during simulated Y-site administration
Authors: Housman Seth T. , Tessier Pamela R. , Nicolau David P. , Kuti Joseph L. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract

Purpose
The physical compatibility of telavancin with select i.v. drugs during simulated Y-site administration was evaluated.

Methods
Telavancin for injection was reconstituted according to manufacturer’s recommendations and diluted with 0.9% sodium chloride injection, 5% dextrose injection, or lactated Ringer’s injection to a concentration of 7.5 mg/mL. A Y site was simulated in culture tubes by mixing 5 mL of telavancin solution with 5 mL of a tested drug solution and then switching the order of drug mixing. All mixtures were prepared in duplicate and stored at room temperature. Solutions were inspected for visual, turbidity, and pH changes immediately after preparation and 15, 60, and 120 minutes after preparation.

Results
Of the 52 drugs tested, telavancin was physically compatible with 39 drugs in all test solutions. Telavancin was incompatible with amphotericin B deoxycholate, liposomal amphotericin B, digoxin, esomeprazole sodium, furosemide, levofloxacin, and micafungin sodium in all diluents. Colistimethate sodium, cyclosporine, heparin sodium, imipenem–cilastatin sodium, methylprednisolone sodium succinate, and propofol were incompatible with telavancin in specific diluents. Incompatibilities included precipitation, positive Tyndall beam test, and increases in turbidity. There were no substantial changes in pH over the 120-minute study period.

Conclusion
Telavancin 7.5 mg/mL in 0.9% sodium chloride injection, 5% dextrose injection, and lactated Ringer’s injection was found to be physically compatible for 120 minutes at room temperature with 39 of the 52 drugs tested during simulated Y-site administration. Seven drugs were incompatible in all diluents, and 6 were incompatible in at least one diluent.
Introductory Accounting as Theater: A Look Behind the Scenes of Large-Lecture Production
Authors: Cunningham Billie M. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT
Feeling like a bit of a thespian in class? Why not expand your class role and channel your inner Stanley Tucci or Kathleen Marshall? Large-lecture classes offer an opportunity to run a whole production. While much has been written about large-lecture classes, papers have tended to address the relative merits of these classes or some specific issue related to teaching them within a specific discipline. This paper adds to the existing literature by providing an overview of the day-to-day considerations, planning, and mechanics of developing and teaching a large-lecture introductory accounting course, by taking you on a behind-the-scenes tour through the pre-production and production processes for a large-lecture, introductory accounting course. It describes the pre-production process, including the following: understanding the audience, developing a vision for the course, identifying resource and financing needs, determining the cast and crew, designing the set, developing the production elements, casting the show, and rehearsing the show. Additionally, the paper describes the production itself, including the dimensions of acting, addressing problems that occur during the production, and managing intermissions (exams). The paper closes with a brief discussion of the critics.
An Imperfect Measurement System Introduction to Accounting
Authors: Tinkelman Daniel P. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT
The process of measuring, and reporting measurements, is fundamental in scientific and business activity. I propose introducing accounting as an example of a measurement system, albeit an imperfect one. The accounting measurement system includes: users and their decision models, attributes of objects to be measured, measurement rules, methods of accumulating measurements, reports, rule-makers, measurers, and verifiers. By looking at how accounting measures different business activities, this approach encourages the teaching of general measurement, reporting, and analytical skills. (For nonaccounting students, the concepts of measurement are clearly transferable to other fields.) It allows a logical, interesting presentation of accounting topics, and highlights links to other academic fields. An important feature of this approach is considering such pervasive measurement issues as uncertainty and allocations. Students examining accounting's imperfections are encouraged to think critically about accounting rules, and can understand why accounting changes over time.
Inertias and ranks of some Hermitian matrix functions with applications
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Wang Qing-Wen , Liu Xin 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Let S be a given set consisting of some Hermitian matrices with the same size. We say that a matrix A ∈ S is maximal if A − W is positive semidefinite for every matrix W ∈ S. In this paper, we consider the maximal and minimal inertias and ranks of the Hermitian matrix function f(X,Y) = P − QXQ* − TYT*, where * means the conjugate and transpose of a matrix, P = P*, Q, T are known matrices and for X and Y Hermitian solutions to the consistent matrix equations AX =B and YC = D respectively. As applications, we derive the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of maximal matrices of $$H = \{ f(X,Y) = P - QXQ* - TYT* : AX = B,YC = D,X = X*, Y = Y*\} .$$ The corresponding expressions of the maximal matrices of H are presented when the existence conditions are met. In this case, we further prove the matrix function f(X,Y)is invariant under changing the pair (X,Y). Moreover, we establish necessary and sufficient conditions for the system of matrix equations $$AX = B, YC = D, QXQ* + TYT* = P$$ to have a Hermitian solution and the system of matrix equations $$AX = C, BXB* = D$$ to have a bisymmetric solution. The explicit expressions of such solutions to the systems mentioned above are also provided. In addition, we discuss the range of inertias of the matrix functions P ± QXQ* ± TYT* where X and Y are a nonnegative definite pair of solutions to some consistent matrix equations. The findings of this pape extend some known results in the literature.
Vitamin D Supplementation and Endothelial Function in Vitamin D Deficient HIV-Infected Patients: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Longenecker Chris T , Hileman Corrilynn O , Carman Teresa L , Ross Allison C , Seydafkan Shabnam , Brown Todd T , Labbato Danielle E , Storer Norma , Tangpricha Vin , McComsey Grace A 
Published: November 2011

Background Studies suggest that vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in HIV patients but the effect of vitamin D supplementation on cardiovascular risk in this population is unknown. Methods We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial among 45 HIV-infected adults in Cleveland (OH, USA) on stable antiretroviral therapy with durable virological suppression and a baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level of ≤20 ng/ml. Participants were randomized 2:1 to vitamin D3 4,000 IU daily or placebo for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was a change in flow-mediated brachial artery dilation (FMD). Results Baseline demographics were similar except for age (vitamin D versus placebo, mean ±sd 47 ±8 versus 40 ±10 years; P=0.009). Both groups had reduced FMD at baseline (median values 2.9% [IQR 1.6–4.8] for vitamin D versus 2.5% [IQR 1.7–6.4] for placebo; P=0.819). Despite an increase in the concentration of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D from baseline to 12 weeks (5.0 ng/ ml [IQR -0.9–7.4] versus -1.9 ng/ml [IQR -4.0–0.1] for vitamin D versus placebo, respectively; P=0.003), there was no difference in FMD change (0.55% [IQR -1.05– 2.13] versus 0.29% [IQR -1.61–1.77]; P=0.748). Vitamin D supplementation was associated with a decrease in total and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and an increase in indices of insulin resistance. Conclusions Among HIV-infected individuals with vitamin D deficiency, supplementation with 4,000 IU vitamin D3 daily for 12 weeks modestly improved vitamin D status and cholesterol but worsened insulin resistance without change in endothelial function. The mechanisms of resistance to standard doses of vitamin D and the complex role of vitamin D in glucose metabolism in this population require further investigation.
A ten-year review of neonatal bloodstream infections in a tertiary private hospital in Kenya
Authors: Kohli-Kochhar Ruchika , Omuse Geoffrey , Revathi Gunturu 
Published: November 2011

Introduction: Neonatal mortality in developing countries is usually due to an infectious cause. The gold standard of investigation in developing countries is a positive blood culture. It is important to know the aetiology of neonatal bloodstream infections so that empiric treatment can be effective. Methodology: We conducted a retrospective clinical audit over ten years between January 2000 until December 2009, looking at the aetiology of both early and late onset neonatal sepsis. We analysed data from 152 (23%) patient isolates out of 662 suspected cases of neonatal sepsis. Results: Our study revealed that Gram-positive organisms were the predominant cause of both early and late onset sepsis; the common isolates were Staphylococcus epidermidis (34%) and Staphylococcus aureus (27%). There were no isolates of group B Streptococcus. Candida species was isolated only in patients with late onset sepsis (6.9%). Bacterial isolates were relatively sensitive to the commonly used first- and second-line empiric antibiotics. Conclusion: Gram-positive organisms remain the major cause of neonatal bloodstream infections in our setup. The findings of this study will guide clinicians in prescribing the right empiric therapy in cases of suspected neonatal sepsis before the definitive culture results are obtained.
Mesurer le développement : autres données, autres conclusions ?
Authors: Deaton Angus 
Published: November 2011

Résumé Nous disposons aujourd’hui de mesures du développement économique plus nombreuses et plus précises que jamais. Avec le temps, les enquêtes auprès des ménages se sont multipliées. Celles-ci fournissent non seulement des données sur les revenus et les dépenses des ménages, mais aussi des mesures directes de la santé, liées en particulier à l’anthropométrie, à la mortalité infantile et juvénile ou aux niveaux subjectifs de bien-être et de vécu affectif. Pour la première fois, nous pouvons compiler des cartes mondiales reprenant les multiples composantes du bien-être humain. Le dernier cycle du Projet de comparaison internationale (PCI) a relevé les prix de biens comparables dans 146 pays, dont beaucoup n’avaient encore jamais fait l’objet d’enquête. Ces nouvelles données ouvrent de multiples perspectives pour comprendre le développement économique des nations et des individus. Pourtant, des problèmes d’interprétation et de cohérence entre les différents types de données demeurent. Pourquoi la pauvreté dans le monde ne recule-t-elle pas aussi vite que la croissance économique mondiale pourrait le laisser espérer ? Pourquoi les habitants de l’Inde consomment-ils de moins en moins de calories, alors même que leur situation nutritionnelle est plus que médiocre et que leurs revenus augmentent rapidement ? Pourquoi la croissance économique ne va-t-elle pas toujours de pair avec une amélioration du bien-être subjectif ? Enfin, comment devons-nous interpréter la sensible aggravation des estimations de la pauvreté et des inégalités dans le monde établies à partir des dernières données du PCI ? Nous reviendrons sur ces interrogations qui donnent à réfléchir avant d’identifier un certain nombre de problématiques cruciales à résoudre.
Croissance durable : mesurons-nous bien le défi ?
Authors: Aglietta Michel 
Published: November 2011

Résumé La mesure des agrégats macroéconomiques est un processus long et ardu qui touche au système de comptabilité nationale. La difficulté est liée aux exigences de la politique économique. Nous avons besoin aujourd’hui d’une croissance soutenable alliant préoccupations environnementales et politique de développement. Cela demande de radicalement transformer la comptabilité nationale, aujourd’hui système de comptes de recettes et de dépenses axé sur le PIB, en un système de comptabilité de la richesse, qui met en avant un concept du capital étendu englobant tous les actifs contribuant au bien-être social et associant une mesure de l’épargne « authentique ». L’article analyse ensuite les problèmes soulevés par la mesure de différents types de capital que les règles classiques de la comptabilité nationale ignorent ou traitent peu en tant que tels. Pourtant, dans les pays développés, les actifs immatériels sont aussi conséquents que le capital fixe productif et ce sont les principaux facteurs de croissance de l’économie du savoir. Par ailleurs, le capital naturel doit être évalué sur la base de sa rareté du point de vue de ses fonctions de source de ressources primaires, d’absorption des gaz à effet de serre et de préservation de la biodiversité. Parce que la nature intrinsèque de ces types de capital conduit à les mesurer à la valeur actualisée des rentes futures, le choix du taux d’actualisation joue un rôle critique dans le processus d’évaluation. Le taux d’actualisation est aussi important pour l’évaluation de l’engagement social des pensions qu’il l’est pour l’estimation du coût de l’épuisement des ressources non renouvelables et des dommages causés par la production anthropique de dioxyde de carbone. L’article montre que le processus d’évaluation des différents types de capital et d’estimation de leur substituabilité dans la production de bien-être social est entaché d’une radicale incertitude. En effet, de multiples sentiers de croissance présentent une soutenabilité incertaine en raison des « inconnues inconnues » inhérentes aux interactions entre les facteurs économiques et écologiques qui pourraient être associées à des rétroactions perturbatrices fortement non linéaires. Dès lors, le choix des taux d’actualisation est profondément éthique et doit s’inscrire dans un principe de précaution généralisé puisqu’il concerne le sort des générations futures. Ce principe est validé tant qu’existent des situations possibles d’exposition à des risques illimités. Les sociétés confrontées à une crise catastrophique de probabilité inconnue doivent débattre immédiatement des modalités souhaitables d’organisation des décisions collectives afin d’engager les politiques opportunes.
Induction of Endoplasmic Reticulum–Endosome Fusion for Antigen Cross-Presentation Induced by Poly (γ-Glutamic Acid) Nanoparticles
Authors: Mukai Yohei , Yoshinaga Tomoyo , Yoshikawa Mai , Matsuo Kazuhiko , Yoshikawa Tomoaki , Matsuo Keisuke , Niki Kazuyuki , Yoshioka Yasuo , Okada Naoki , Nakagawa Shinsaku 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
We previously reported that poly (γ-glutamic acid)-based nanoparticles (γ-PGA NPs) are excellent vaccine carriers for inducing efficient cross-presentation in dendritic cells, thereby producing strong antitumor immunity in vivo. Analyzing the mechanism of cross-presentation induced by γ-PGA NPs will be useful toward designing novel vaccine carriers. In this study, we show an intracellular mechanism of efficient cross-presentation induced by OVA-loaded γ-PGA NPs. Cross-presentation induced by γ-PGA NPs depended on cytoplasmic proteasomes and TAP, similar to the classical MHC class I presentation pathway for endogenous Ags. Intracellular behavior analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that encapsulated OVA and γ-PGA accumulated in both the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and endosome compartments within 2 h. At the same time, electron microscopy analysis clearly showed that intracellular γ-PGA NPs and encapsulated Au NPs were enveloped in endosome-like vesicles, not in the ER. These findings strongly suggest that γ-PGA NPs enhance ER–endosome fusion for cross-presentation. Moreover, inhibition of ER translocon sec61 significantly decreased the γ-PGA NP/OVA-mediated cross-presentation efficiency, indicating that sec61 is important for transporting Ags from the fused ER–endosome to the cytoplasm. These findings imply that the ER–endosome complex is key for the efficient cross-presentation of Ags encapsulated in γ-PGA NPs.
The Proteoglycan Biglycan Enhances Antigen-Specific T Cell Activation Potentially via MyD88 and TRIF Pathways and Triggers Autoimmune Perimyocarditis
Authors: Popovic Zoran V. , Wang Shijun , Papatriantafyllou Maria , Kaya Ziya , Porubsky Stefan , Meisner Maria , Bonrouhi Mahnaz , Burgdorf Sven , Young Marian F. , Schaefer Liliana , Gröne Hermann-Josef 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBiglycan is a proteoglycan ubiquitously present in extracellular matrix of a variety of organs, including heart, and it was reported to be overexpressed in myocardial infarction. Myocardial infarction may be complicated by perimyocarditis through unknown mechanisms. Our aim was to investigate the capacity of TLR2/TLR4 ligand biglycan to enhance the presentation of specific Ags released upon cardiomyocyte necrosis. In vitro, OVA-pulsed bone marrow-derived dendritic cells from wild-type (WT; C57BL/6) and TLR2-, TLR4-, MyD88-, or TRIF-deficient mice were cotreated with LPS, biglycan, or vehicle and incubated with OVA-recognizing MHC I- or MHC II-restricted T cells. Biglycan enhanced OVA-specific cross-priming by &gt;80% to MHC I-restricted T cells in both TLR2- and TLR4-pathway–dependent manners. Accordingly, biglycan-induced cross-priming by both MyD88- and TRIF-deficient dendritic cells (DCs) was strongly diminished. OVA-specific activation of MHC II-restricted T cells was predominantly TLR4 dependent. Our first in vivo correlate was a model of experimental autoimmune perimyocarditis triggered by injection of cardiac Ag-pulsed DCs (BALB/c). Biglycan-treated DCs triggered perimyocarditis to a comparable extent and intensity as LPS-treated DCs (mean scores 1.3 ± 0.3 and 1.5 ± 0.4, respectively). Substitution with TLR4-deficient DCs abolished this effect. In a second in vivo approach, WT and biglycan-deficient mice were followed 2 wk after induction of myocardial infarction. WT mice demonstrated significantly greater myocardial T lymphocyte infiltration in comparison with biglycan-deficient animals. We concluded that the TLR2/4 ligand biglycan, a component of the myocardial matrix, may enhance Ag-specific T cell priming, potentially via MyD88 and TRIF, and stimulate autoimmune perimyocarditis.
Blocking IL-1 Signaling Rescues Cognition, Attenuates Tau Pathology, and Restores Neuronal β-Catenin Pathway Function in an Alzheimer’s Disease Model
Authors: Kitazawa Masashi , Cheng David , Tsukamoto Michelle R. , Koike Maya A. , Wes Paul D. , Vasilevko Vitaly , Cribbs David H. , LaFerla Frank M. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractInflammation is a key pathological hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), although its impact on disease progression and neurodegeneration remains an area of active investigation. Among numerous inflammatory cytokines associated with AD, IL-1β in particular has been implicated in playing a pathogenic role. In this study, we sought to investigate whether inhibition of IL-1β signaling provides disease-modifying benefits in an AD mouse model and, if so, by what molecular mechanisms. We report that chronic dosing of 3xTg-AD mice with an IL-1R blocking Ab significantly alters brain inflammatory responses, alleviates cognitive deficits, markedly attenuates tau pathology, and partly reduces certain fibrillar and oligomeric forms of amyloid-β. Alterations in inflammatory responses correspond to reduced NF-κB activity. Furthermore, inhibition of IL-1 signaling reduces the activity of several tau kinases in the brain, including cdk5/p25, GSK-3β, and p38–MAPK, and also reduces phosphorylated tau levels. We also detected a reduction in the astrocyte-derived cytokine, S100B, and in the extent of neuronal Wnt/β-catenin signaling in 3xTg-AD brains, and provided in vitro evidence that these changes may, in part, provide a mechanistic link between IL-1 signaling and GSK-3β activation. Taken together, our results suggest that the IL-1 signaling cascade may be involved in one of the key disease mechanisms for AD.
Cathelicidin LL-37 Increases Lung Epithelial Cell Stiffness, Decreases Transepithelial Permeability, and Prevents Epithelial Invasion by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Byfield Fitzroy J. , Kowalski Marek , Cruz Katrina , Leszczyńska Katarzyna , Namiot Andrzej , Savage Paul B. , Bucki Robert , Janmey Paul A. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
In addition to its antibacterial activity, the cathelicidin-derived LL-37 peptide induces multiple immunomodulatory effects on host cells. Atomic force microscopy, F-actin staining with phalloidin, passage of FITC-conjugated dextran through a monolayer of lung epithelial cells, and assessment of bacterial outgrowth from cells subjected to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection were used to determine LL-37’s effect on epithelial cell mechanical properties, permeability, and bacteria uptake. A concentration-dependent increase in stiffness and F-actin content in the cortical region of A549 cells and primary human lung epithelial cells was observed after treatment with LL-37 (0.5–5 μM), sphingosine 1-phosphate (1 μM), or LPS (1 μg/ml) or infection with PAO1 bacteria. Other cationic peptides, such as RK-31, KR-20, or WLBU2, and the antibacterial cationic steroid CSA-13 did not reproduce the effect of LL-37. A549 cell pretreatment with WRW4, an antagonist of the transmembrane formyl peptide receptor-like 1 protein attenuated LL-37’s ability to increase cell stiffness. The LL-37–mediated increase in cell stiffness was accompanied by a decrease in permeability and P. aeruginosa uptake by a confluent monolayer of polarized normal human bronchial epithelial cells. These results suggested that the antibacterial effect of LL-37 involves an LL-37–dependent increase in cell stiffness that prevents epithelial invasion by bacteria.
Stable Coordination of the Inhibitory Ca2+ Ion at the Metal Ion-Dependent Adhesion Site in Integrin CD11b/CD18 by an Antibody-Derived Ligand Aspartate: Implications for Integrin Regulation and Structure-Based Drug Design
Authors: Mahalingam Bhuvaneshwari , Ajroud Kaouther , Alonso José Luis , Anand Saurabh , Adair Brian D. , Horenstein Alberto L. , Malavasi Fabio , Xiong Jian-Ping , Arnaout M. Amin 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
A central feature of integrin interaction with physiologic ligands is the monodentate binding of a ligand carboxylate to a Mg2+ ion hexacoordinated at the metal ion-dependent adhesion site (MIDAS) in the integrin A domain. This interaction stabilizes the A domain in the high-affinity state, which is distinguished from the default low-affinity state by tertiary changes in the domain that culminate in cell adhesion. Small molecule ligand-mimetic integrin antagonists act as partial agonists, eliciting similar activating conformational changes in the A domain, which has contributed to paradoxical adhesion and increased patient mortality in large clinical trials. As with other ligand-mimetic integrin antagonists, the function-blocking mAb 107 binds MIDAS of integrin CD11b/CD18 A domain (CD11bA), but in contrast, it favors the inhibitory Ca2+ ion over the Mg2+ ion at MIDAS. We determined the crystal structures of the Fab fragment of mAb 107 complexed to the low- and high-affinity states of CD11bA. Favored binding of the Ca2+ ion at MIDAS is caused by the unusual symmetric bidentate ligation of a Fab-derived ligand Asp to a heptacoordinated MIDAS Ca2+ ion. Binding of the Fab fragment of mAb 107 to CD11bA did not trigger the activating tertiary changes in the domain or in the full-length integrin. These data show that the denticity of the ligand Asp/Glu can modify the divalent cation selectivity at MIDAS and hence integrin function. Stabilizing the Ca2+ ion at MIDAS by bidentate ligation to a ligand Asp/Glu may provide one approach for designing pure integrin antagonists.