bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polymerization of α‐amino acid N‐carboxyanhydrides catalyzed by rare earth tris(borohydride) complexes: Mechanism and hydroxy‐endcapped polypeptides
Authors: Peng Hui , Ling Jun , Zhu Yinghong , You Lixin , Shen Zhiquan 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn this work, rare earth tris(borohydride) complexes, Ln(BH4)3(THF)3 (Ln = Sc, Y, La, and Dy), have been used to catalyze the ring‐opening polymerization of γ‐benzyl‐L‐glutamate N‐carboxyanhydride (BLG NCA). All the catalysts show high activities and the resulting poly(γ‐benzyl‐L‐glutamate)s (PBLGs) are recovered with high yields (≥90%). The molecular weights (MWs) of PBLG can be controlled by the molar ratios of monomer to catalyst, and the MW distributions (MWDs) are relatively narrow (as low as 1.16) depending on the rare earth metals and reaction temperatures. Block copolypeptides can be easily synthesized by the sequential addition of two monomers. The obtained P(γ‐benzyl‐L‐glutamate‐b‐ε‐carbobenzoxy‐L‐lysine) [P(BLG‐b‐BLL)] and P(γ‐benzyl‐L‐glutamate‐b‐alanine) [P(BLG‐b‐ALA)] have been well characterized by NMR, gel permeation chromatography, and differential scanning calorimetry measurements. A random copolymer P(BLG‐co‐BLL) with a narrow MWD of 1.07 has also been synthesized. The polymerization mechanisms have been investigated in detail. The results show that both nucleophilic attack at the 5‐CO of NCA and deprotonation of 3‐NH of NCA in the initiation process take place simultaneously, resulting in two active centers, that is, an yttrium ALA carbamate derivative [H2BOCH2(CH)NHC(O)OLn] and a N‐yttriumlated ALA NCA. Propagation then proceeds on these centers via both normal monomer insertion and polycondensation. After termination, two kinds of telechelic polypeptide chains, that is, α‐hydroxyl‐ω‐aminotelechelic chains and α‐carboxylic‐ω‐aminotelechelic ones, are formed as characterized by MALDI‐TOF MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 1H–1H COSY, and 1H–13C HMQC measurements. By decreasing the reaction temperature, the normal monomer insertion pathway can be exclusively selected, forming an unprecedented α‐hydroxyl‐ω‐aminotelechelic polypeptide. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Do Benzodiazepines Still Deserve a Major Role in The Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders? A Critical Reappraisal
Authors: Dell’osso B. , Lader M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractDiscovered in the late 1950s by Leo Sternbach, the first benzodiazepine (BZD) chlordiazepoxide was followed by several congeners, which rapidly constituted one of the largest and most widely prescribed classes of psychotropic compounds. After 50 years, BZDs are still routinely utilized not only in psychiatry but, more generally, in the whole of medicine. Despite their high therapeutic index which makes BZDs safer than other compounds like barbiturates, as well as their rapidity of onset, psychiatrists and family physicians are well aware about the controversy that surrounds the wide use – often not adequately based on scientific evidence – of BZDs in many psychiatric disorders. In this overview of international treatment guidelines, systematic reviews and randomized clinical trials, the aim was to provide a critical appraisal of the current use and role of BZDs in psychiatric disorders and their disadvantages, with specific emphasis on anxiety and affective disorders, sleep disorders, alcohol withdrawal, violent and aggressive behaviours in psychoses, and neuroleptic-induced disorders. In addition, specific emphasis has been given to the extent of usage of BZDs and its appropriateness through the assessment of available international surveys. Finally, the entire spectrum of BZD-related adverse effects including psychomotor effects, use in the elderly, paradoxical reactions, tolerance and rebound, teratologic risk, dependence, withdrawal and abuse issues was examined in detail.
The problem of genesis of gold and silver sulfides and selenides in the Kupol deposit (Chukotka, Russia)
Authors: Savva N.E. , Pal’yanova G.A. , Byankin M.A. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Gold and silver minerals from the Kupol epithermal deposit, Chukotka, were studied. A schematic sequence of mineral formation has been compiled. Specific mineral assemblages have been revealed in jarosite breccias: with native gold, uytenbogaardtite, fischesserite, acanthite, and native sulfur. We considered a possible mechanism of formation of gold and silver sulfides and selenides in volcanogenic deposits: They might have formed during solfatara and postsolfatara processes with the participation of volcanic gases or their condensates and sublimates as well as liquid sulfur (and selenium) and sulfuric hydrotherms produced under the interaction of volcanic gases with meteoric waters. The specific features of the Kupol deposit confirm the solfatara genesis of Au–Ag sulfides and selenides.
Stoneley waves in the Biot–Johnson and continuum filtration theories
Authors: Dorovsky V.N. , Perepechko Yu.V. , Fedorov A.I. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The paper concerns with mathematical modeling of two-velocity media with reference to data on Stoneley wave propagation at the fluid-porous solid interface from experiments by K.W. Winkler, H.L. Liu, and D.J. Johnson. Models obtained within the limits of two theories, that of Biot (Biot–Johnson) and continuum filtration, are investigated in comparison. On this basis, it is discussed whether it is reasonable to include pore tortuosity and frequency-dependent permeability and tortuosity when modeling the mechanics of deforming fluid-saturated porous solids.
Impact of heart failure and changes to volume status on liver stiffness: non‐invasive assessment using transient elastography
Authors: Hopper Ingrid , Kemp William , Porapakkham Pornwalee , Sata Yusuke , Condon Eilis , Skiba Marina , Farber Lauren , Porapakkham Pramote , Williams Trevor J. , Menahem Solomon , Roberts Stuart , Krum Henry 
Published: April 2012

AimThe impact of cardiac dysfunction on the liver is known as cardiac hepatopathy. In certain instances this can result in significant hepatic fibrosis or cirrhosis. The validity of non‐invasive tools to assess hepatic fibrosis, such as FibroScan® which measures liver stiffness (LSM), has not been established in this setting. We examined the impact of cardiac dysfunction on LSM using FibroScan® and the influence of volume changes on LSM.Methods and resultsA prospective, cross‐sectional study examined the use of FibroScan® in subjects with left‐sided heart failure (LHF, n = 32), right‐sided heart failure (RHF, n = 9), and acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF, n = 8). The impact of volume changes upon LSM was further examined in the ADHF group (pre‐ and post‐diuresis) and in a haemodialysis group (HD, n = 12), pre‐ and post‐ultrafiltration on dialysis. Compared with healthy controls [n = 55, LSM = median 4.4 (25th percentile 3.6, 75th percentile 5.1) kPa], LSM was increased in all the cardiac dysfunction subgroups [LHF, 4.7 (4.0, 8.7) kPa, P = 0.04; RHF, 9.7 (5.0, 10.8) kPa, P < 0.001; ADHF, 11.2 (6.7, 14.3) kPa, P < 0.001]. Alteration in volume status via diuresis did not change the baseline LSM in ADHF [11.2 (6.7, 14.3) to 9.5 (7.3, 21.6) kPa, P > 0.05] with mean diuresis 5051 ± 1585 mL, or ultrafiltration in HD [6.0 (3.6, 5.1) vs. 5.7 (4.8, 7.0) kPa, P > 0.05] with mean diuresis 1962 ± 233 mL.ConclusionOur findings support the concept of increased LSM in the cardiac failure population. LSM was not altered to a statistically significant level with acute volume changes.
Overview of the status of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in the North Atlantic and trends in marine mortality
Authors: Chaput Gérald 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Chaput, G. 2012. Overview of the status of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in the North Atlantic and trends in marine mortality. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 1538–1548. Since the early 1980s, the ICES Working Group on North Atlantic Salmon has collated and interpreted catch data, exchanged information on research initiatives, and provided advice to managers in support of conservation efforts for Atlantic salmon. During the past three decades, the annual production of anadromous Atlantic salmon from more than 2000 rivers draining into the North Atlantic has been less than 10 million adult-sized salmon. This represents a minor component, by number and biomass, of the pelagic ecosystem in the North Atlantic Ocean. Ideally, Atlantic salmon would be assessed and managed based on river-specific stock units, the scale that best corresponds to the spawner to recruitment dynamic. In reality, comparatively few river-specific assessments are available for either the Northwest or the Northeast Atlantic. The marine survival of Atlantic salmon is low and, based on return rates of smolts to adults from monitored rivers, has declined since the mid- to late 1980s. Abundance has declined more severely for the multi-sea-winter components, and especially in the southern areas of the species' range. Common patterns in abundance, inferred at the level of stock complex in the North Atlantic, suggest that broad-scale factors are affecting productivity and abundance and that they are acting throughout the salmon's time at sea.
Arthritogenic T cells drive the recovery of autoantibody-producing B cell homeostasis and the adoptive transfer of arthritis in SCID mice
Authors: Kis-Toth Katalin , Radacs Marianna , Olasz Katalin , van Eden Willem , Mikecz Katalin , Glant Tibor T. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
T cells orchestrate joint inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but B cells/B cell-derived factors are also involved in disease pathogenesis. The goal of this study was to understand the role of antigen-specific T and B cells in the pathological events of arthritis, which is impossible to study in humans due to the small number of antigen-specific cells. To determine the significance of antigen-specific lymphocytes and antibodies in the development of an autoimmune mouse model of RA, we generated TCR transgenic (TCR-Tg) mice specific for the dominant arthritogenic epitope of cartilage proteoglycan (PG) and performed a series of combined transfers of T cells, B cells and autoantibodies into BALB/c. Scid mice. The adoptive transfer of highly purified T cells from naive TCR-Tg, arthritic TCR-Tg or arthritic wild-type mice induced arthritis in SCID recipients, but the onset and severity of the disease were dependent on the sequential events of the T cell-supported reconstitution of PG-specific B cells and autoantibodies. The presence of activated PG-specific T cells was critical for disease induction, establishing a unique milieu for the selective homeostasis of autoantibody-producing B cells. In this permissive environment, anti-PG autoantibodies bound to cartilage and induced activation of the complement cascade, leading to irreversible cartilage destruction in affected joints. These findings may lead to a better understanding of the complex molecular and cellular mechanisms of RA.
A review of theoretical models of health information seeking on the web
Authors: Marton Christine , Wei Choo Chun 
Published: April 2012

PurposeBy selectively reviewing theory‐driven survey studies on internet health information seeking, the paper aims to provide an informal assessment of the theoretical foundations and research methods that have been used to study this information behavior.Design/methodology/approachAfter a review of the literature, four theory‐driven quantitative survey studies are analyzed in detail. Each study is examined in terms of: theoretical framework; research variables that form the focus of the study; research design (sampling, data collection and analysis); and findings and results of hypothesis testing and model testing. The authors then discuss the theoretical models and analytical methods adopted, and identify suggestions that could be helpful to future researchers.FindingsTaken as a whole, the studies reviewed point strongly to the need for multidisciplinary frameworks that can capture the complexity of online health information behavior. The studies developed theoretical frameworks by drawing from many sources – theory of planned behavior, technology acceptance model, uses and gratifications, health belief model, and information seeking models – demonstrating that an integration of theoretical perspectives from the health sciences, social psychology, communication research, and information science, is required to fully understand this behavior. The results of these studies suggest that the conceptual models and analytical methods they adopted are viable and promising. Many relationships tested showed large effect sizes, and the models evaluated were able to account for between 23 and 50 percent of the variance in the dependent variables.Originality/valueThe paper represents a first attempt to compare, evaluate, and to a degree synthesize the work that has been done to develop and test theoretical models of health information seeking on the web.
Exploring a framework for comprehensive and successful preservation management in libraries
Authors: Krtalić Maja , Hasenay Damir 
Published: April 2012

PurposeThis paper aims to explore a theoretical and methodological approach to preservation management in libraries, relying on the basic presumption that preservation is a complex and comprehensive process that involves many different and seemingly diverse aspects whose efficiency lies in preservation management.Design/methodology approachUsing a case study of Croatia, the paper describes a methodology for exploring the general preservation management context and presents a preservation management model that comprises five key components.FindingsThe paper offers insight into preservation management issues in a specific national context.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough this paper focuses primarily on written heritage in libraries, it is applicable to other types of heritage and to other types of information institutions.Practical implicationsThe theoretical and methodological approach presented in this paper and described in the example of Croatia can be useful for exploring similar issues in other countries. It can be expanded to other types and forms of heritage and heritage institutions.Originality/valueThe paper describes a model of organising preservation activities into an efficient and successful preservation system, and establishes a methodology for exploring diverse preservation issues on national and institutional levels.
Semantic storyboard of judicial debates: a novel multimedia summarization environment
Authors: Fersini E. , Sartori F. 
Published: April 2012

PurposeThe need of tools for content analysis, information extraction and retrieval of multimedia objects in their native form is strongly emphasized into the judicial domain: digital videos represent a fundamental informative source of events occurring during judicial proceedings that should be stored, organized and retrieved in short time and with low cost. This paper seeks to address these issues.Design/methodology/approachIn this context the JUMAS system, stem from the homonymous European Project (www.jumasproject.eu), takes up the challenge of exploiting semantics and machine learning techniques towards a better usability of multimedia judicial folders.FindingsIn this paper one of the most challenging issues addressed by the JUMAS project is described: extracting meaningful abstracts of given judicial debates in order to efficiently access salient contents. In particular, the authors present an ontology enhanced multimedia summarization environment able to derive a synthetic representation of judicial media contents by a limited loss of meaningful information while overcoming the information overload problem.Originality/valueThe adoption of ontology‐based query expansion has made it possible to improve the performance of multimedia summarization algorithms with respect to the traditional approaches based on statistics. The effectiveness of the proposed approach has been evaluated on real media contents, highlighting a good potential for extracting key events in the challenging area of judicial proceedings.
Virtue theory and organizations: considering persons with disabilities
Authors: Barclay Lizabeth A. , Markel Karen S. , Yugo Jennifer E. 
Published: April 2012

PurposeThis research aims to apply virtue theory to the under‐employment problem of persons with disabilities (PWD). Historically, PWD have been under‐employed within society and discriminated against in the workplace. The authors review virtue theory research and illustrate how it can be used to better support the meaningful employment of PWD.Design/methodology/approachThis research reviews the current literature in the areas of virtue theory and the employment challenges of PWD to create a new framework that can assist in the integration of PWD into the workplace.FindingsLiterature on the employment of PWD indicates that significant differences exist in the employment experiences between PWD and persons without disabilities (PWOD). Problems such as stigmatization impede the integration of PWD into the work environment. The review of the virtue theory literature supports the development of a new framework that provides additional ways to address this ongoing problem.Practical implicationsThis paper suggests human resource management practices that virtuous organizations could use to address the problem of the under‐employment and stigmatization of PWD.Originality/valueNo research currently applies virtue theory to the under‐employment problem of persons with disabilities.
Dispelling the collective myth of Chinese consumers: a new generation of brand‐conscious individualists
Authors: Ye Lilly , Bose Mousumi , Pelton Lou 
Published: April 2012

PurposeThe unprecedented increase in brand development among one of the fastest‐growing consumer markets, the new generation of Chinese consumers, compels a greater understanding of the psychological factors that were largely stereotyped to be collective and homogeneous. Grounded in self‐congruity theory, the primary purpose of this study is to understand the joint impact of Chinese consumers' self‐ and gender consciousness on their ensuing brand perceptions. This study aims to critically explore the process that underlies the aforementioned relationships with consumers' need for uniqueness and brand consciousness.Design/methodology/approachAn online survey using consumer panel data was conducted in three “tier‐one” cities in the People's Republic of China. The focus on these cities coincided with the competitive density of retail brands, and resulted in 302 respondents in the population of interest. The data were analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM).FindingsSelf‐ and gender consciousness do impact brand consciousness indirectly through Chinese consumers' need for uniqueness. Contrary to expectations, the study finds that self‐consciousness has a negative direct impact on brand consciousness, while gender consciousness does not have a direct impact on brand consciousness. Furthermore, brand consciousness leads to positive brand perceptions, including brand attitudes, brand loyalty, and willingness to pay a price premium.Practical implicationsThe research provides an in‐depth understanding of self‐congruity in Chinese consumers' brand perceptions. The research findings can be used to formulate brand positioning and promotion strategies for brand managers.Originality/valueThe study integrates extant theories in gender schema and self‐congruity to understand brand perceptions in light of self‐ and gender consciousness. To date, no research has explored this relationship. Furthermore, the study discusses the role of consumers' need for uniqueness as a process that underlines the relationship between consumer self‐ and gender consciousness, and brand perceptions in terms of brand consciousness, brand attitude and loyalty and willingness to pay a price premium.
Proactive diagnosis: how professional service firms sustain client dialogue
Authors: Henrik Sieg Jan , Fischer Alban , Wallin Martin W. , von Krogh Georg 
Published: April 2012

PurposeThis paper seeks to contribute to the discussion of relationship marketing in professional services firms (PSF). The process of dialogical interaction with clients is central to relationship marketing. However, client dialogue may fall dormant if not properly cultivated by employees of the PSF, that is, by professionals. This inductive study aims to investigate how professionals sustain a fruitful client dialogue by proactively introducing additional client problems to the dialogue.Design/methodology/approachExtensive field research with a “Big Four” accounting firm and 11 client companies inductively generates a framework to describe how professionals engage in proactive diagnosis of client problems to introduce these problems to the client dialogue. The framework is grounded in 49 focused interviews with professionals and client managers, as well as supplementary interviews, observations, and firm documents.FindingsThe suggested framework consists of the components of proactive diagnosis (information‐seeking and influence strategies), a trade‐off that professionals must make among these components, several enablers of and constraints on proactive diagnosis, and key client concerns that professionals must address to introduce additional client problems.Originality/valueDespite the importance of client dialogue for relationship marketing, recommendations about how professionals can sustain client dialogue over time remain limited. This study describes proactive diagnosis as one potential approach. It contributes to literature on relationship marketing in PSFs by showing how proactive diagnosis helps professionals overcome the problem of dormancy in client dialogue, complements personal selling, and extends the role of diagnosis beyond paid client assignments into the pre‐selling phase.
Fuzzy AHP for forest fire risk modeling
Authors: Kant Sharma Laxmi , Kanga Shruti , Singh Nathawat Mahendra , Sinha Suman , Chandra Pandey Prem 
Published: April 2012

PurposeThe purpose of study is linked to management and policy‐making strategies, such as forest management, land use planning and sustainable management of natural resources. It aims to help prevent forest fire by taking precautions. It also aims to be helpful for authorities coping during the event of occurrence of fire.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology paradigm applied here is based on knowledge‐based and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) techniques. Knowledge‐based criteria involve topographic and different themes for risk assessment. The assignment of value given to equation is significant due to its importance.FindingsResults are in strong agreement with actual fire occurrences in the past years. The risk zones are identified according to past occurrence of fire. The gradients of low‐ to high‐risk zones are according to fuel, topographic features and weather conditions. Direction and aspect value were taken accordingly.Originality/valueThe paper presents forest fire risk zones designed on knowledge‐based information. Crisp and fuzzy AHP approaches were applied to improve the efficacy of the model. The mapping results were in accordance with actual fire occurrences in the past years.