bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ON THE KAUFFMAN–VOGEL AND THE MURAKAMI–OHTSUKI–YAMADA GRAPH POLYNOMIALS
Authors: WU HAO 
Published: April 2012

This paper consists of three parts. First, we generalize the Jaeger Formula to express the Kauffman–Vogel graph polynomial as a state sum of the Murakami–Ohtsuki–Yamada graph polynomial. Then, we demonstrate that reversing the orientation and the color of a MOY graph along a simple circuit does not change the 𝔰𝔩(N) Murakami–Ohtsuki–Yamada polynomial or the 𝔰𝔩(N) homology of this MOY graph. In fact, reversing the orientation and the color of a component of a colored link only changes the 𝔰𝔩(N) homology by an overall grading shift. Finally, as an application of the first two parts, we prove that the 𝔰𝔬(6) Kauffman polynomial is equal to the 2-colored 𝔰𝔩(4) Reshetikhin–Turaev link polynomial, which implies that the 2-colored 𝔰𝔩(4) link homology categorifies the 𝔰𝔬(6) Kauffman polynomial.
Lactate-Induced IL-8 Pathway in Endothelial Cells—Letter
Authors: Pinheiro Céline , Longatto-Filho Adhemar , Nogueira Rosete , Schmitt Fernando , Baltazar Fátima 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Végran and colleagues proposed a model in which the lactate released from tumor cells through MCT4 would be taken up by endothelial cells via the MCT1 transporter and stimulate angiogenesis, using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) as model of tumor endothelial cells. By analyzing a total of 505 cases of human tumor samples immunostained for MCT1, we do not confirm plasma membrane expression of MCT1 in the endothelial cells of tumor-associated vessels. Cancer Res; 72(7); 1901–2. ©2012 AACR.
Preexisting MEK1 Exon 3 Mutations in V600E/K
BRAF Melanomas Do Not Confer Resistance to BRAF Inhibitors
Authors: Shi Hubing , Moriceau Gatien , Kong Xiangju , Koya Richard C. , Nazarian Ramin , Pupo Gulietta M. , Bacchiocchi Antonella , Dahlman Kimberly B. , Chmielowski Bartosz , Sosman Jeffrey A. , Halaban Ruth , Kefford Richard F. , Long Georgina V. , Ribas Antoni , Lo Roger S. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) induce antitumor responses in nearly 60% of patients with advanced V600E/KBRAF melanomas. Somatic activating MEK1 mutations are thought to be rare in melanomas, but their potential concurrence with V600E/KBRAF may be selected for by BRAFi. We sequenced MEK1/2 exon 3 in melanomas at baseline and upon disease progression. Of 31 baseline V600E/KBRAF melanomas, 5 (16%) carried concurrent somatic BRAF/MEK1 activating mutations. Three of 5 patients with BRAF/MEK1 double-mutant baseline melanomas showed objective tumor responses, consistent with the overall 60% frequency. No MEK1 mutation was found in disease progression melanomas, except when it was already identified at baseline. MEK1-mutant expression in V600E/KBRAF melanoma cell lines resulted in no significant alterations in p-ERK1/2 levels or growth-inhibitory sensitivities to BRAFi, MEK1/2 inhibitor (MEKi), or their combination. Thus, activating MEK1 exon 3 mutations identified herein and concurrent with V600E/KBRAF do not cause BRAFi resistance in melanoma. Cancer Discov; 2(5); 414–24. ©2012 AACR.
Significance: As BRAF inhibitors gain widespread use for treatment of advanced melanoma, biomarkers for drug sensitivity or resistance are urgently needed. We identify here concurrent activating mutations in BRAF and MEK1 in melanomas and show that the presence of a downstream mutation in MEK1 does not necessarily make BRAF–mutant melanomas resistant to BRAF inhibitors.
Read the Commentary on this article by Paraiso and Smalley, p. 390.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 377.
The Symposium and Platonic Ethics: Plato, Vlastos, and a Misguided Debate
Authors: Sheffield Frisbee 
Published: April 2012

AbstractScholarship on theSymposiumis dominated by a debate on interpersonal love started by Gregory Vlastos in his article, ‘The Individual as an Object of Love in Plato.’ This paper argues that this debate is a misguided one, because it is not reflective of the central concerns of this text. Attention needs to be turned to the broader ethical questions posed about the ends of life, the nature of human happiness, and contemplation. Failure to do so will mean that theSymposiumcontinues to be eclipsed as a key resource in central debates in Platonic ethics.
Sexual signals of the Amazonian frog Allobates paleovarzensis: geographic variation and stereotypy of acoustic traits
Authors: Kaefer Igor Luis , Lima Albertina Pimentel 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBecause of its close relationship with the process of evolutionary differentiation, it is expected that geographic variability in acoustic sexual traits should be greater among than within populations. This is particularly expected in organisms with typically high population genetic structure and low dispersal abilities, such as anuran amphibians. We studied the acoustic traits of the advertisement call in the small-sized dendrobatoid frogAllobates paleovarzensisthrough its range in Central Amazonia. We accessed the variability of call traits from the within-male to the among-population levels, and evaluated the degree of stereotypy of the call characteristics. Call variability had comparable magnitudes within and among populations, and was independent of the degree of stereotypy of call measurements. Therefore, none of the call traits stood out as a potential cue for discrimination between populations. Spectral call measurements were static and strongly related with body size, which explained between 30 and 35% of the variation of these acoustic traits. Temporal characters of the notes were dynamic and influenced by environmental temperature (e.g., 27% of note rate variation), whilst temporal measurements of the entire calls were not related to the co-factors analysed. Both spectral and temporal call traits varied among populations and between sides of the Amazon River. Our results also indicate that body size and sampling site jointly affected the variability of the call traits. However, geographic distances among populations and the river barrier had no significant effect on the overall acoustic variation, indicating that local stabilising selective forces may be important in the process of call differentiation.
The role of male nest building in post-mating sexual selection in the monogamous red-necked grebe
Authors: Gąska Michał , Grela Przemysław , Kloskowski Janusz 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn monogamous birds, early male parental effort, such as nest building, may serve as a post-mating sexually-selected display allowing female assessment of male quality. We examined the functional significance of male nest building and the potential role of nest size as a sexually-selected signal in the red-necked grebe (Podiceps grisegena), a species with high mate fidelity. Time-activity budgets showed that no behaviour was performed exclusively by one sex in the pre-laying period, but males spent significantly more time nest building and were more often involved in aggressive intra- and interspecific interactions. Nest building in pairs attempting a second brood was also performed predominantly by males. Greater participation in nest construction by males allowed females to allocate more time to self-maintenance activities in the period prior to egg-laying. The positive relationship found between the relative contribution of males to nest building and later to brood provisioning indicates that male nest building is an honest indicator of future paternal effort. Males obtained copulations solicited by females proportionally to the time spent on nest building, and the extent of male participation in nest construction was of importance for explaining variation in clutch size. Nest size itself is not very likely to be sexually selected in red-necked grebes, as it was found to depend on nest site conditions such as water depth and exposure to wave action. We suggest that greater investment of males in energetically demanding pre-laying activities is functionally similar to post-mating courtship feeding; it constitutes males’ indirect contribution to clutch production and may help to negotiate the relative investment each sex makes in the different stages of the breeding cycle. The results support the idea that, in monogamous birds, naturally selected male characters related to parental care may evolve into important sexual signals to females, although not into extreme displays.
The Independence of the Inter-American Judge
Authors: Ruiz-Chiriboga Oswaldo 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This article describes and analyzes several safeguards of the independence of the Inter-American judge. It concludes that the system enshrined in the American Convention on Human Rights, the Statute of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and the Court’s practice are not enough to guarantee the appearance of independence of the Court’s judges. The major problem is the process of nomination and election of judges. At both national and international levels the process is not clear, transparent, or accountable. Women and ethnic and cultural groups are underrepresented. Judges’ terms of office and the re-election possibilities should be revised. Lastly, some guidelines should be adopted in order to regulate judges’ outside activities, incompatibilities, and disqualifications. All these issues should by addressed by the Organization of American States, States Parties to the Convention, and the Court itself, and this article gives some recommendations in this respect.
Res, veluti per Machinas, Conficiatur: Natural History and the 'Mechanical' Reform of Natural Philosophy
Authors: Stewart Ian G. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis paper revisits Bacon's persistent 'mechanical' imagery by which he described the 'aid' through which the human mind would be rendered adequate to framing axioms about nature's processes and properties that underlie all natural phenomena. It argues that the role Bacon ascribed to his own insights into the properties and motions of matter is crucial for grasping such instrumental imagery, because his own writings—both methodological and natural historical—need to be read as themselves comprising, at least in incipient form, the very instruments of which they speak. From that reflexive standpoint, this paper in particular focuses on the 'aid' to the senses that his natural histories were to have offered under the interpretative guidance offered by the Novum organum and other works. The 'hypothetical' status to which Bacon is often thought to have accorded his own natural philosophical insights does not adequately take into account the transformative power Bacon thought these insights should have through his own writings. The fact that Bacon was keenly sensitive to the psychological effects of textual authority in his intellectual milieu prompts new reflection concerning how he intended his own texts to be read, and how we should read them.
Redefining the Role of Experiment in Bacon's Natural History: How Baconian was Descartes before Emerging from His Cocoon?
Authors: Giurgea Mădălina , Georgescu Laura 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn this article we argue that the views that Francis Bacon and René Descartes held about the role of experiments in the process of discovery are closer than previously accepted. Looking at the way experiments and the heuristics of experimentation are embedded in Bacon's posthumous History of Dense and Rare and Descartes' Discourses 8, 9, 10 of the Meteorology, we will show that experiments help the investigator both in solving specific problems that could not have otherwise been foreseen and in generating relevant information that advances the scope of the investigation.
Francis Bacon's Natural History and the Senecan Natural Histories of Early Modern Europe
Authors: Jalobeanu Dana 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAt various stages in his career, Francis Bacon claimed to have reformed and changed traditional natural history in such a way that his new “natural and experimental history” was unlike any of its ancient or humanist predecessors. Surprisingly, such claims have gone largely unquestioned in Baconian scholarship. Contextual readings of Bacon's natural history have compared it, so far, only with Plinian or humanist natural history. This paper investigates a different form of natural history, very popular among Bacon's contemporaries, but yet unexplored by contemporary students of Bacon's works. I have provisionally called this form of natural history 'Senecan' natural history, partly because it took shape in the Neo-Stoic revival of the sixteenth-century, partly because it originates in a particular cosmographical reading of Seneca's Naturales quaestiones. I discuss in this paper two examples of Senecan natural history: the encyclopedic and cosmographical projects of Pierre de la Primaudaye (1546–1619) and Samuel Purchas (1577–1626). I highlight a number of similarities between these two projects and Francis Bacon's natural history, and argue that Senecan natural history forms an important aspect in the historical and philosophical background that needs to be taken into consideration if we want to understand the extent to which Bacon's project to reform natural history can be said to be new.
Aπαθ&epsi;&iota;α and &Pi;&rho;&ogr;παθ&epsi;&iota;α&iota; in Early Modern Discussions of the Passions: Stoicism, Christianity and Natural History
Authors: Kraye Jill 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis paper examines the reception of the Stoic theory of the passions in the early modern period, highlighting various differences between the way notions such as απαθ&epsi;&iota;α (complete freedom from passions) and π&rho;&ogr;παθ&epsi;&iota;α&iota; (pre-passions) were handled and interpreted by Continental and English authors. Both groups were concerned about the compatibility of Stoicism with Christianity, but came to opposing conclu- sions; and while the Continental scholars drew primarily on ancient philosophical texts, the English ones relied, in addition, on experience and observation, developing a natural history of the passions.
John Abernethy: Calvinist Natural Histories of the Soul in the Seventeenth Century
Authors: Andersson Daniel C. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis paper looks at the relation of natural history, in its guise as an observational genre and one which tended to offer competing explanations of its phenomena, to the discourse of practical divinity. Natural history is here intended as a genre in which the practice of observation is accorded a significant place and a genre which lends itself to the accumulation of competing explanatory accounts of the phenomena ('polycausal'). In particular, it examines the relation of the cognitive and the practical with respect to a rather unusual instance of that discourse. It attempts to site the work of practical divinity vertically (to its own tradition), horizontally (to the local contexts of John Abernethy) and orthogonally (to the Baconian project of descriptive enquiry as a basis for philosophical enquiry).
CHARLES BOURGEOIS (1759-1832), HIS ANTINEWTONIAN COLOUR THEORY AND THE RECONCILEMENT OF ART AND SCIENCE
Authors: MERTENS JOOST 
Published: April 2012

Abstracttitle ABSTRACT /title Between 1810 and 1825, Charles Bourgeois (1759-1832), miniaturist, pigment manufacturer and physicist, developed a colour optics that defied both the Newtonian view of the composite nature of white light and the widely accepted strict separation between science and the arts. In this paper four themes are discussed: the general rules of colour mixing and the resulting three-dimensional colour space CEI (Couleur, Excdent, Intensit); Bourgeois' theory of light as a vehicle for non-luminous colours; His attempt at disproving Newton's central principle of the unequal refrangibility of different colours; and his relation, or rather non-relation, with the Royal Academy of Sciences which considered Bourgeois' theory of light a piece of nonsense.
L'MERGENCE D'UNE TECHNO-SCIENCE DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT OCANIQUE (1860-1914)
Authors: LOCHER FABIEN 
Published: April 2012

Abstracttitle ABSTRACT /title In the second half of the XIX century, one attends the emergence of a techno-science of the oceanic environment. We will consider one of the aspects of this emergence, by studying the program of wind cartography organized within the Depot des cartes et plans of the French Navy. We will analyze the practices, discourses, and epistemological standards at work in this context. We will consider particularly the action of naval officer Leon Brault (1839-1885). The new oceanographical and meteorological approaches of the second half of the century will seem to us strongly marked by the material and intellectual culture of industrial modernity.
AN 'ABSTRUSE' DOCTRINE: THE HISTORICAL-PHILOSOPHICAL MEANING OF EINSTEIN'S RELATIVITY IN FEDERIGO ENRIQUES
Authors: TOSCANO MARCO 
Published: April 2012

Abstracttitle ABSTRACT /title The aim of this article is to analyse the epistemological and historical interpretation that Federigo Enriques offered about Einstein's relativity. In the first part, we will point out the importance, in Enriques' thought, of the mathematical and philosophical concept of space in order to consider relativity as a link between physics and geometry. We will show how Einstein's theory constituted, for Enriques, the proof of the same empirical nature of geometry and physics. The second part is dedicated to the historical roots of relativity. Enriques identified in Parmenides' philosophy, and in its movement's existence denial, the first formulation of the relativity concept. At the end we will show how epistemological and historical points of view on relativity are complementary in Enriques' analysis, and allow a reciprocal comprehension.
ADDITAMENTA GALILAEANA
Authors: BALDINI UGO 
Published: April 2012

Abstracttitle SUMMARY /title This second article of the series ADDITAMENTA GALILAEANA continues in the intention of providing new material on Galileo and on the repercussions of his ideas. It presents the texts of two letters of the Elector Ernest of Bavaria to Christoph Grienberger, as well as the correspondence between this Jesuit and a personality new to Galileian studies, Ricardo de Burgo. Various parts of this series of papers (dating to the years 1611-1620) offer new information or document conceptual situations formerly unsuspected or of a controversial nature.
LIST OF OLD GLOBES IN PORTUGAL
Authors: REIS ANTONIO ESTACIO DOS 
Published: April 2012

Abstracttitle RIASSUNTO /title Su invito della Societ Coronelli di Vienna, l'autore ha steso l'elenco dei globi antichi conservati in Portogallo. Dopo tre anni di ricerche nei musei, negli osservatori astronomici, negli archivi, nelle biblioteche ed in altre collezioni pubbliche e private, ha scoperto 96 globi costruiti fra il XVII secolo e la fine del XIX. Si sottolinea l'importanza di queste liste per richiamare l'attenzione dei proprietari dei globi sulla necessit di proteggerli dai loro peggiori nemici: il degrado derivante dal tempo e, di uguale se non di maggior importanza, il danno provocato dall'incuria dell'uomo.
GIOACCHINO TADDEI, 1792-1860
Authors: ANTONIOTTI PAOLA 
Published: April 2012

Abstract<title> SUMMARY </title>Taddei's image is linked to that branch of scientific research that was born in the first half of the nineteenth century, from the interaction of chemistry and physiology. Taddei's studies were a such and so many that it is difficult to put them into a specific branch of research. His works concerning relation of live and inanimate nature become in scientific terms the study of the interaction of organic and inorganic substances. Taddei graduated in medicine and immediately began his research in chemistry at the Accademia of Georgofili. The first works were about the composition of manure and the relation between these and the composition of soil and plants. The studies about glutin are linked to the researches on the chemical composition of foods. His work concerning wheat meal and cereals brought Taddei to discover two distinct substances, « gloiodina » and « zimoma », in the glutin. During his research on glutin and about the possibility of some mercury salts breaking the fermentation of the meals, he observed some interesting phenomena that shifted his attention to toxicology. The interest of Taddei not only about pure science but applied science too, allowed him to obtain results recognized both in Italy and in foreign countries. His researches concerning glutin led him to discover in that substance the property to operate as an antidote towards a dreadful poison: the corrosive sublimate. Taddei's glutin became the best antidote towards the corrosive sublimate after the albumen of Orfila (considered the phomoter of Toxicology). The controversy about the effectiveness of these antidotes is linked to the treatment of a very diffuse disease, syphilis. The syphilitic disease had been treated for many years with drugs containing the corrosive sublimate and the major part of the patient were poisoned by this substance.
PER UN ARCHIVIO DELLA CORRISPONDENZA DEGLI SCIENZIATI ITALIANI
Authors: CONTARDI SIMONE 
Published: April 2012

Abstract<title> SUMMARY </title>The purpose of the present paper is the publication of the index of Giovanni Gualberto De Soria's manuscript, from the Biblioteca Labronica F. Guerrazzi in Leghorn, Raccolta di lettere di G. G. De Soria. The author emphasizes the cultural relations instaured by De Soria with the Tuscan scientific and political milieu during the decline of the Medicean dinasty, and the subsequent rule of the Lorena family. This correspondence, which covers the years 1744 to 1764, offers an important testimony for the history of scientific thought in early eighteenth century Italy, from the discussion on the most important biological theories of the time to the analysis of geological doctrines, and the discussion by De Soria of his own work in geometry.
SUL FILO DELLE ACQUE
Authors: MAFFIOLI CESARE S 
Published: April 2012

Abstract<title> SUMMARY </title>This article wishes to demonstrate the importance of several areas of scientific research, until now neglected, and their relevance to Italian physical sciences in the age between Galileo and Volta. The science of waters, which joined the cluster of the new Galilean sciences in the seventeenth century in particular deserves greater attention if we are to understand the scientific traditions developed South of the Alps. This science represented an extension of the Galilean science of motion in an engineering context, a development that concerned both mathematical and experimental theories. This development took place in the border area between the physical and the mathematical sciences, and also involved the medical and naturalistic traditions. This line of tought led the Italian physical scientists to discover both new fields of research and new forms of social support, and hence overcome the crisis that followed the end of the historic Medicis patronage.