bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards Narrowing a Conceptual Gap between IT Industry and University
Authors: Rudzajs Peteris , Penicina Ludmila , Kirikova Marite , Strazdina Renate 
Published: March 2010

Towards Narrowing a Conceptual Gap between IT Industry and UniversityThe situation when the number of the students and the popularity of the engineering education in general and IT education in particular is not increasing dramatically due to the fact that there exists an opinion that engineering education is complex and time-consuming from one side and that the graduates are not sufficiently prepared for the industry from another, requires the University to perform a series of actions that can improve the current situation. One of the areas for improvement is the quality of the study programs in the sense of their suitability to ‘customers’, namely Students and Industry. Previous research shows that the knowledge requirements monitoring system and the processes behind it can improve the quality of the study programs, e.g. the results of the Value Network Analysis demonstrate that the Monitoring System can give additional value to both the University and the Industry. Developing a monitoring system prototype requires narrowing the gap between industry and university and introduces new ways of industry-university cooperation.
Mājsaimniecību Ietekme uz Klimatu Latvijā: Oglekļa Pēdas Rādītājs
Authors: Brizga J. , Kudreņickis I. 
Published: March 2010

Mājsaimniecību Ietekme uz Klimatu Latvijā: Oglekļa Pēdas Rādītājs
People more and more recognize climate change as one of the main environmental problems and the term ‘carbon footprint’ (CF) has become popular and is now in widespread use. In this paper, the CF concept has been applied to analyse average per capita household Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions in Latvia. We explore household CF in housing (heating and electricity consumption), transport, food and goods and service sectors, which are the main household environmental pressure areas. This paper provides an understanding of both direct and indirect (embodied) GHG emissions. Results from the study suggest that the average Latvian exceeds its global fair share of GHG emissions - the average per capita GHG in 2006 was 4.35 t CO2e. The highest household emissions arise from housing (37%), mobility (26%) and food consumption (25%), goods and services together account only for 12% of total household GHG emissions. This study, however, does not cover capital investments in infrastructure (roads, public buildings etc.) which could increase total emission by almost a ton. The study emphasizes that attention must be paid to the lifestyles, infrastructure and institutions that result in considerable amounts of carbon being locked up in the household activities through which people meet their everyday needs. The findings also indicate that policies should be targeted at the segments in society responsible for the highest carbon footprints, ie. housing, food and mobility.
Multi-Objective Optimization Approach for Improving Performance of Building
Authors: Kamenders A. , Blumberga A. 
Published: March 2010

Multi-Objective Optimization Approach for Improving Performance of Building
Energy efficiency measures are different from energy efficiency and cost effectiveness perspective. For decision maker it is hard to make right decision about different energy efficiency measure combinations in building. It is a complex problem to choose the best energy efficiency measure combination as decision involves many different factors that should be taken in account. Decision on implementation of energy efficiency measure implementation usually depends on investment costs and pay back time. Standards like Latvian Building Code LBN 002-01 can't be used to achieve reasonable expenses in renovation of buildings. Therefore, in order to find the optimal energy-efficiency measures, it is necessary to carry out optimization taking all the variable parameters into account. In the paper target function was presented that gives ability of the multi-objective optimization approach to handle the problem of improving energy efficiency in buildings. Case study is used to demonstrate the feasibility of the approach. 104. series soviet type dwellings was analysed to optimized insulation thickness for external walls. Even if accord with the LBN 002-01 it is enough to use 7 cm thick isolation (λ-0,039 W/(m2K)) layers optimal insulation layer is 12 cm (λ-0,039 W/(m2K)).
Optimization of Ethanol Autothermal Reforming Process with Chemical Equilibrium Calculations
Authors: Markova D. , Valters K. , Bažbauers G. 
Published: March 2010

Optimization of Ethanol Autothermal Reforming Process with Chemical Equilibrium Calculations
The dependence of carbon formation, hydrogen yield and efficiency of the ethanol autothermal reforming process on critical process factors is studied in the work by using chemical equilibrium calculations with a process simulation model made in the ChemCAD environment. The studied process factors are carbon-to-steam ratio S/C, air-to-fuel ratio λ and temperature in the reactor TATR. Since the goal of the reforming process is to achieve possibly higher values of H2 concentration in the reforming gas, by operating reformer at the maximum efficiency at the same time, the optimization of the reforming process was done by using objective functions which include hydrogen yield and the amount of heat supplied to the process. As a result it was found that the maximum process efficiency, which is defined as the ratio of obtained hydrogen energy to the energy supplied to the process in the studied range of process factors is 0,61, and this value can be achieved at λ value of 0,1, S/C values of 2,5-3 and temperatures in the reactor TATR 680 - 695°C. Hydrogen yield under these conditions is 4,41-4,55 mol/molC2H5OH.
Development of a Set of Criteria as an Eco-Design Tool for Evaluation of Environmental Impact of Material Choice
Authors: Simanovska J. , Valters K. , Bažbauers G. 
Published: March 2010

Development of a Set of Criteria as an Eco-Design Tool for Evaluation of Environmental Impact of Material Choice
Eco-design is part of the product design process aimed at reducing the environmental impacts of products during their entire lifecycle. Nowadays, the eco-design concept becomes more and more important, and it is also incorporated in the latest developments in legislation. However, with regard to the implementation of eco-design, many guidelines and tools still focus on the strategic level, but the practical tools are underdeveloped. In order to promote eco-design in the industry, there is a need for the further development of more practical tools, taking into account the scientific findings, but also making them applicable into a product design process. The intention of this paper is to present major considerations in order to develop a set of criteria for the material choice taking into account LCA studies and available data regarding environmental performance of materials. The proposed criteria system is based on three main criteria - toxicity, energy, recyclability, which corresponds to the main impact areas of material choice according to findings from the published LCA studies. These criteria are also linked to each other - e.g. with increasing recyclability one can decrease the energy content, as well as the toxic dispersion. The important innovation in this list of criteria would be that the product design - product structure -and use patterns (incl. end of life scenario) is linked to energy content, recyclability and toxicity. The next step would be development of the quantifiable values of this criteria system (expressed in 5 units), in order to make it more applicability of a quick screening tool in the product design process.
Malignant renal cysts: Diagnostic performance and strong predictors at MDCT
Authors: Kim Dae Yoon , Kim Jeong Kon , Min Gyeong-Eun , Ahn Han-Jong , Cho Kyoung-Sik 
Published: March 2010

Background: Utilization of multidetector-row CT (MDCT) is anticipated to improve the diagnostic accuracy and reliability for determining malignant cysts. Purpose: To assess the diagnostic accuracy, interobserver agreement, benefit of consensus reading, and strong predictors of malignancy in determining malignant cystic renal masses at MDCT. Material and Methods: Two radiologists independently rated the probability of malignancy at MDCT in 72 benign and 53 malignant cysts. The accuracy and interobserver agreement for determining malignant cysts were evaluated. The strong predictors of malignancy were determined, and in patients with interobserver disagreement for determining malignant cysts, consensus readings were performed. Results: Az value of the two readers was 0.905–0.936 and the sensitivity and specificity were 85–89% and 83–93%, respectively. The overall interobserver agreement for determining the malignant cyst was good as the κ value was 0.696 (% agreement, 61% (76/125)). Thickened irregular wall, thickened irregular septa, and enhancing soft tissue component were strong predictors for malignancy with both readers. In the 17 patients with interobserver disagreement for determining malignant cysts, the sensitivity was improved from 38–63% to 89% by the consensus reading. Conclusion: At MDCT, some false negative decisions for determining malignant cysts can be corrected by consensus reading, and thickened irregular septa, thickened irregular wall, and enhancing soft tissue component are the strong predictors of malignant cysts.
Probably benign breast lesions on ultrasonography: A retrospective review of ultrasonographic features and clinical factors affecting the BI-RADS categorization
Authors: Moon Hee Jung , Kim Min Jung , Kwak Jin Young , Kim Eun-Kyung 
Published: March 2010

Background: The retrospective review of probably benign lesions on mammograms is well investigated. Although suspicious malignant ultrasonography (US) features have been detected on retrospective reviews of US examinations, the review of probably benign lesions on US is rarely studied. Purpose: To investigate how many probably benign lesions on US fulfilled the published criteria and to evaluate how clinical and personal factors influenced the categorization of breast lesions. Material and Methods: A total of 920 nodules in 920 women with more than 24 months follow-up after the initial category 3 assessment on US or excision were included. We retrospectively reviewed the initial US images according to previously published criteria, and evaluated several factors that could influence the characterization of breast lesions in clinical practice such as age, multiplicity, palpability, radiologist's experience, and lesion size. Results: Of 920 lesions, 906 (98.5%) were benign and 14 (1.5%) were malignant. Of 920 lesions, 376 (40.9%) including 13 malignancies were reassessed as category 4. If strict criteria had been applied at initial US examination, the positive biopsy rate would have been only 3.5% (13/376) and 96.5% (363 of 376) biopsies would have been unnecessary. Lesions in women 40 years or older and multiple lesions were more frequently reassessed as category 4 ( P<0.00 and P=0.01, respectively). The presence of palpability, lesion size, and the radiologist's experience did not significantly influence the categorization of breast lesions on US. Of 920 probably benign lesions, 40.9% could be classified as category 4 lesions when strict criteria were applied in initial practice. Conclusion: The multiplicity of the lesion and the patient's age were found to have a significant influence on the classification of probably benign solid masses.
Commercialized childhood
Authors: Torrent Jordi 
Published: March 2010

Contemporary strategies of marketing and advertisement have overloaded the mass-media helping to create a materialistic society where children have become both socio-economic system’s engine and victims. Children are the engine because of their economic power, and the victims because of the emotional effects that this socio-economic system has developed on them: results of some studies showed that 62% of American children are only interested in making money, and 80% of anti-depressant prescriptions are written for children.
Las estrategias de marketing y la publicad contemporánea han sobrecargado los medios de comunicación de masas, ayudando, en gran medida, al desarrollo de una sociedad materialista en la que el niño se ha convertido en motor y víctima. Motor por su fuerza económica, víctima por los efectos emocionales que este sistema socio-económico está creando. El 62% de los niños norteamericanos actuales sólo están interesados en ganar dinero, el 80% de las recetas de productos antidepresivos son para los niños.
Values education in childhood TV programmes
Authors: Moreno-García Laura 
Published: March 2010

This paper emphasizes the influence of TV programmes for children on their ethical values, taking some programmes of the Spanish television (TVE) as examples. Their contents usually fit values praised by the society and human rights. On the other hand, other programmes aimed at a different audience (such as series or advertisements) but also watched by children, don´t respect those principles and they even contradict them.Este texto hace hincapié en cómo desde los programas infantiles televisivos se puede moldear la concepción moral del público al que van dirigido, basándose en ejemplos concretos de TVE. Sus mensajes suelen ajustarse a valores compartidos por una amplia base de la sociedad y recogen el fundamento de los derechos humanos. Aunque este estudio se centra en este aspecto concreto, cabe resaltar como otros formatos televisivos no dirigidos al público infantil pero sí consumidos por los mismos (teleseries o publicidad), no sólo no respetan esta concepción sino que incluso la contradicen. Sirva como ejemplo que dentro de las franjas de publicidad dirigidas al público infantil, la publicidad no siempre respeta principios como el de la igualdad de género.
The use of digital video in class: a pedagogical proposition
Authors: de-Souza Karla Isabel , Ferreira-do-Amaral Sérgio 
Published: March 2010

Television is part of the young people´s daily life and the new technologies, such as the digital video, make a new pedagogical approach possible. This approach enables the teacher to take a critical view of the mass media and to set the knowledge, which is fundamental in the learning process. This paper is based upon the research carried out in Primary schools in Brazil and it intends to show the pedagogical possibilities of television when using the digital video. The results are audiovisual productions with pedagogical, social and cultural aims.La televisión está en el cotidiano de todos los jóvenes y ahora las facilidades tecnológicas que el vídeo digital posibilita favorece una nueva postura pedagógica, una acción que permite al profesor favorecer una visión crítica de los medios y la construcción de los conocimientos, tan fundamentales en el proceso educativo. Con base en la investigación en escuelas de enseñanza básica en Brasil, este trabajo pretende mostrar las posibilidades pedagógicas de la televisión con la utilización de vídeo digital. El resultado son producciones audio-visuales con objetivos peda-gógicos, sociales, culturales y reflexivos.
Educating our ways of viewing through the dialogue
Authors: Pulido-Rodríguez Cristina María , Tortajada-Giménez Iolanda 
Published: March 2010

It is said that media literacy «knows no age limits». Though most practice and literature on media education has focused so far on childhood and teenagers, there are also projects to use and understand the media in the field of adult education. Both the current technological revolution in our society and the main role played in it by the media call for spaces and opportunities within our lifetime to educate our way of view continually. The methodology, based on dialogue has been used in several courses developed within the framework of the EC-supported «e-Learning» program. Its application testified the fact that such methodology is more significant than the object of study itself or the specific activities performed.El presente trabajo defiende que la alfabetización mediática «no tiene edad». Aunque buena parte de la educación en medios se ha centrado (y se centra) en la infancia y la adolescencia, también en la educación de personas adultas se están generando proyectos para utilizar e interpretar los medios. La revolución tecnológica que estamos viviendo y el papel central de los medios hacen especialmente importante que existan espacios a lo largo de nuestra vida para educar de forma continuada nuestra mirada. La metodología basada en el diálogo que aquí se presenta se ha utilizado en diferentes cursos desarrollados en el marco del programa «e-learning». De su aplicación se ha podido deducir que dicha metodología es más importante que el objeto de estudio o las actividades concretas que se lleven a cabo.
Mass media educative value: social correlations
Authors: Marcellán-Baraze Idoia , Agirre-Arriaga Imanol 
Published: March 2010

There is an obvious social alarm concerning the media, specially the TV. In order to check out the users´ perception of this phenomenon, investigation was set up with Primary school kids, and their parents. This investigation has revealed that there are some correlations between the investigated sample and the general social perception of any media. Communication itself explains some of these correlations: the identification of all the media with TV and a peculiar idea about the educational power of this means of communication.
La alarma social ante los medios, en especial la televisión es patente. Con el fin de constatar la percepción de los usuarios ante este fenómeno se puso en marcha una investigación con un grupo de niños de educación primaria y sus padres. Esta investigación ha revelado que ante los medios, además de otras cuestiones, se presentan ciertas correlaciones entre la percepción social general y la del grupo investigado. La comunicación explica dos de algunas de éstas: la identificación de los medios con la televisión y una peculiar idea del poder educativo de este medio.
School and TV: love and mistrust in a liquid environment
Authors: Bacher Silvia 
Published: March 2010

TV parameters are speed, atomization and history absence. The weakest voices like the children´s are not usually «taken into account» by television. Schools must be rethought and they should and redefine their strategies in order to adjust to the ethics/aesthetics of «video clip life». Adding TV up to school studies might be profitable. Integrating TV as a study object can help to develop a thinking process. One of the education greatest challenges is to achieve the promotion of the children’s rights through television.
Los parámetros de la TV son la velocidad, la fragmentación y la ausencia de historia. Ésta suele dejar afuera las voces más débiles, como las de niñas y niños. La escuela debe repensarse y redefinir sus estrategias para revertir la ética/estética de «vivir en vídeo clip». Al pensar en la TV como objeto de estudio, se puede intervenir para darle lugar al pensamiento. Un gran desafío de la educación es intervenir en pantallas y audiencias para promover la concepción de infancia y juventud como sujetos de derecho.
Psychopedagogic orientation for learning and teaching to watch TV
Authors: Monescillo-Palomo Manuel 
Published: March 2010

The formal education offered at schools has an intentional and professional curricular space that influences, in a direct way, on the people’s formation, their behaviours, their strategies to cope with daily interpersonal relationships, and their new challenges. This paper includes a reflection on the incidence of psychopedagogic orientation in the development of abilities and competences for a more responsible and critical use of television messages. It also offers some practical proposals that can be implemented by practitioners or tutors in collaboration with their students’ families.La educación formal que se dispensa en los centros educativos ofrece un espacio curricular intencional y profesional que incide, de forma directa, en la formación de las personas, en los estilos que éstas van adoptando, en las formas de afrontar cada día las relaciones personales y los retos que les van surgiendo. En esta comunicación se reflexiona sobre la incidencia de la orientación psicopedagógica en el desarrollo de habilidades y competencias para consumir los mensajes televisivos de forma responsable y crítica, aportándose algunas propuestas prácticas que pueden ser implementadas por los profesores tutores en colaboración con las familias de sus alumnos.
Teaching to watch television with a critical spirit
Authors: Vera-Aranda Ángel Luis 
Published: March 2010

Young people spend more time watching television than attending classes at school. However, violent, aggressive or just clearly harmful programmes are broadcast for the minors more and more often every day. Faced with the lack of real self-regulation on the part of operators, it is necessary that the administration takes definitely measures in this respect. A possible solution can be found by implementing projects of media literacy, which have not been carried out in our country yet, although they are quite frequent in the most developed countries in Europe and America.
Los jóvenes dedican más tiempo a ver la televisión que a asistir a clase en un centro educativo. Sin embargo, los contenidos televisivos que se emiten tienen cada vez una carga mayor de violencia, de agresividad o de pautas que son claramente perjudiciales para los menores de edad. Ante la falta de una verdadera autorregulación por parte de los operadores, es necesario que la administración tome decididamente medidas al respecto. Una posibilidad de solución se encuentra en la puesta en práctica de proyectos de alfabetización mediática, que aunque son bastante frecuentes en los países más avanzados de Europa y de América, aún no han sido llevados a cabo en nuestro país.
Signaling through the A2B Adenosine Receptor Dampens Endotoxin-Induced Acute Lung Injury
Authors: Schingnitz Ulrich , Hartmann Katherine , MacManus Christopher F. , Eckle Tobias , Zug Stephanie , Colgan Sean P. , Eltzschig Holger K. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Sepsis and septic acute lung injury are among the leading causes for morbidity and mortality of critical illness. Extracellular adenosine is a signaling molecule implicated in the cellular adaptation to hypoxia, ischemia, or inflammation. Therefore, we pursued the role of the A2B adenosine receptor (AR) as potential therapeutic target in endotoxin-induced acute lung injury. We gained initial insight from in vitro studies of cultured endothelia or epithelia exposed to inflammatory mediators showing time-dependent induction of the A2BAR (up to 12.9 ± 3.4-fold, p &lt; 0.05). Similarly, murine studies of endotoxin-induced lung injury identified an almost 4.6-fold induction of A2BAR transcript and corresponding protein induction with LPS exposure. Studies utilizing A2BAR promoter constructs and RNA protection assays indicated that A2BAR induction involved mRNA stability. Functional studies of LPS-induced lung injury revealed that pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of the A2BAR was associated with dramatic increases in lung inflammation and histologic tissue injury. Studies of A2BAR bone marrow chimeric mice suggested pulmonary A2BAR signaling in lung protection. Finally, studies with a specific A2BAR agonist (BAY 60-6583) demonstrated attenuation of lung inflammation and pulmonary edema in wild-type but not in gene-targeted mice for the A2BAR. These studies suggest the A2BAR as potential therapeutic target in the treatment of endotoxin-induced forms of acute lung injury.