bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Augmented Intelligence‐Based Interference Pattern Analysis (AI‐IPA) in Concentric Needle Electromyography
Authors: Nandedkar Sanjeev D. , Barkhaus Paul E. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroduction/AimsTo add objectivity to the routine needle electromyography examination, we describe an “Augmented Intelligence” based interference pattern (IP) analysis method that mimics the subjective assessment by quantifying IP fullness, discreteness, amplitude, pitch, and motor unit firing rate (FR).MethodsIP recordings from 20 control subjects and other patients with neuropathy and myopathy were analyzed. The IP was divided into three groups: low, intermediate, and full to mimic visual appearance. Reference values (RVs) were defined for each group. “Fence” pattern was defined based on the discreteness and amplitude. Upper limit of FR was defined. Various technical artifacts were detected and excluded from analysis.ResultsIn control subjects, a total of 2435 recordings from 119 commonly tested muscles were analyzed. The single set of RVs was satisfactory across the tested muscles. Amplitude increased when the pattern changed from low to full. Pitch did not correlate with fullness and its RVs were same for all groups. In patients with neuropathy, an intermediate or low pattern, high amplitude, fence pattern, low pitch, and high FR were demonstrated. In patients with myopathy, a full pattern with low amplitude and high pitch was demonstrated.DiscussionThe algorithm makes simple measurements that are readily interpreted by the electromyographer. In this respect, it augments analysis by providing quantitative data. If implemented in an “on‐line” manner, it can provide guidance to the operator without adding to the procedure time or changing the recording technique. The measurements can also be included in the report to support the study's findings.
More than food production: Assemblages of values underpinning women‐led agroecological initiatives
Authors: Vizuete Beatriz , Gross Milena , García‐Llorente Marina , Oteros‐Rozas Elisa , Martín‐López Berta 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Agroecology advocates the transformation to sustainable agri‐food systems by renouncing production maximization and holistically integrating ecological and social aspects. The new peasantry fosters such sustainable agri‐food systems based on agroecological principles, driven by values of care for nature and people. In fact, values ascribed to nature can be pivotal in promoting sustainable agri‐food systems. Exploring which values, that is intrinsic, instrumental, and relational values, underpin agroecological initiatives and how they are assembled in farming practices could hold promise for moving towards agroecological transitions.

We performed semi‐structured interviews with 15 new peasantry women who were active managers of agroecological initiatives in rural areas of the Madrid region, Spain.

We found that new peasantry women expressed plural values of nature and frequently mentioned the relational values of meaningful occupation, care of nature and stewardship, and social relations.

Values were articulated in three assemblages in which the (in‐)dependency of the values differed: co‐occurrence, bundling and blending. In co‐occurrence, the values coexisted without relating to each other. In bundling, the values were linked creating a narrative but their existence does not depend on each other. In blending, the values were mutually dependent. We found that instrumental and relational values often blended.

We conclude that the plural and assembled appearance of values align with agroecological principles, being key to achieving bottom‐up agroecological transitions that care and have a sense of duty for biodiversity and fellow humans.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Challenges and opportunities for embedding social science in pesticide resistance research and outreach
Authors: Dentzman Katherine , Espig Martin , Graham Sonia 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPesticide resistance constitutes a growing management challenge across agricultural systems worldwide, as complex interplays between social, biophysical, and technological factors create wicked problems that resist simple solutions. Transdisciplinary approaches that bring together researchers and practitioners with diverse disciplinary repertoires have been proposed to tackle pesticide resistance but, despite increasing interest, remain sporadic and often ineffective. In many cases this is due to an insufficient involvement of social scientists, misconceptions that better management merely requires more information, and limited appreciation for the diversity of social scientific perspectives. This article addresses this dearth by synthesizing relevant scholarship to show how the social sciences can help to better understand and more effectively manage pesticide resistance. Following an overview of the main theoretical and methodological approaches employed by social scientists, we demonstrate their nuanced practical contributions in herbicide and insecticide resistance management. These cases demonstrate that the crux of pesticide resistance management is context, with no one‐size‐fits‐all solutions. Social scientists can offer a diverse range of distinct perspectives and tools to jointly develop context‐specific solutions with biophysical and applied scientists. However, effective transdisciplinarity requires early collaborative problem framing involving all disciplinary partners and meaningful ongoing engagements. The article, therefore, concludes with practical suggestions for how pest management researchers and practitioners can start to connect with social scientists to more holistically address the various aspects that make pesticide resistance management a complex wicked problem. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Differential Frequency Comparison of Conditionally and Unconditionally Spin‐Squeezed States of an Optical Lattice Clock
Authors: Yu Deshui , Xue Xiaobo , Zhang Jia , Zhang Shougang , Chen Jingbiao 
Published: February 2025

AbstractOptical lattice clocks are the world's most accurate and stable timepieces. Thus far, the differential clock comparison has reached a stability limited by the quantum projection noise of uncorrelated atoms. Overcoming this limit relies on using spin squeezing, where quantum fluctuations of the collective spin undergo a strong suppression in one direction while being enhanced in the conjugation direction. The recent differential comparison of spin‐squeezed clocks mainly employs multiple atomic clouds or sub‐ensembles within one cloud, complicating the clock operation. Here, it is numerically investigated the differential comparison of conditionally and unconditionally spin‐squeezed states of one lattice‐trapped cloud of neutral atoms. The simulation results in a comparison stability of at the averaging time for atoms. The metrological gain reaches dB, primarily limited by the decoherence induced by quantum jumps of intracavity probe photons during quantum non‐demolition measurements. Besides the quantum precision enhancement, our scheme paves the way to using one spin squeezing protocol to appraise the other.
Rethinking the rollercoaster: Resilience and affect in entrepreneurship
Authors: Zettel Lauren A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractResearch SummaryThe emotional rollercoaster of entrepreneurship is characterized by encounters with challenges that impede venture progress. Consequently, resilience, which is reflected in the ability to maintain functioning through such challenges, has become of particular interest to scholars. Existing research emphasizes the ability of resilient individuals to use positive emotions to overcome challenges. Yet, scholarship has largely overlooked the role of affective fluctuations in resilience processes, which is problematic for entrepreneurs facing the chahighs and lows of venturing. This daily diary study of technology entrepreneurs reveals that those who are more resilient report smaller day‐to‐day fluctuations in their affective state over the course of two working weeks. This finding suggests that theory on self‐regulation may serve as an important key in understanding the microprocesses underlying resilience.Managerial SummaryEntrepreneurship is often considered an emotional rollercoaster. For this reason, many entrepreneurs are interested in understanding resilience and its role in managing the ups and downs of business venturing. This research examines the relationship between resilience and fluctuations in affect by studying entrepreneurs over the course of two working weeks, as they confront a challenge in their venture. The results show that entrepreneurs who are more resilient also report smaller changes in affect day‐to‐day. This suggests that entrepreneurs looking to enact resilience may need to turn the emotional rollercoaster of entrepreneurship into a train ride.
Enhancing Performance of NiOx‐Based Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells: Advances in Buried Interface Material Modification Strategy
Authors: Wei Yulin , Zhang Chenyang , Wang Han , Xu Ruida , Li Jing , Fu Gongbo , Wang Kai , Xiao Mingjia 
Published: February 2025

AbstractInverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have become a current research hotspot due to their advantages such as low‐temperature preparation, low hysteresis, and compatibility with stacked other cells. NiOx, as a metal oxide hole transport layer material, is widely used in inverted PSCs. However, challenges such as high defect density, low intrinsic conductivity, and unfavorable valence band mismatch at the NiOx/perovskite interface hinder further improvement of device performance. Therefore, enhancing the buried interface between NiOx and perovskite layers is crucial for optimizing performance. This review systematically categorizes materials based on their types, including organic small molecules, self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs), polymers, and salts. Additionally, it incorporates other strategies, such as the introduction of low‐dimensional materials, metal doping, and advancements in NiOx deposition technology. By reviewing the materials and technologies used in the past 2 years, this article aims to provide insights for enhancing the buried interface to achieve more efficient and stable NiOx‐based PSCs. Finally, we also discuss future directions and challenges.
The duality of microchimerism and cancer in parous women: a review and evolutionary perspective
Authors: Parmeggiani Cristiano , Sallinger Katja , James Cleaves H. , Boddy Amy M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The transfer of a small number of cells between parent and offspring during pregnancy, commonly referred to as microchimerism, is thought to occur in all human pregnancies. The impact of microchimeric cells on health outcomes in mothers and offspring with respect to cancer, remains unknown. Molecular and epidemiological studies yield conflicting results on the link between microchimerism and cancer, underscoring the complexity of this phenomenon. Further, most studies on microchimerism and cancer focus on the relationship between circulating fetal cells in parous women. Given that the cellular exchange between the mother and offspring is thought to have arisen due to the evolution of internal gestation, we provide an evolutionary perspective on how internal gestation may impact the risk of cancer in humans. We highlight the potential mechanisms that may play a role in cancer vulnerability in mammals, such as genomic conflict and placental invasion. We then review the literature to investigate the effects of microchimerism on cancer outcomes in parous women, highlighting each study's interpretation of the role microchimeric cells play in cancer development, whether it is a protective or contributing role. We conclude that our current understanding of the relationship between microchimerism and cancer is poorly understood and propose mechanisms for when we would expect to see microchimerism contribute to a role in protecting the host from cancer and when microchimerism may contribute to tumor development. Future studies, including more advanced methods to detect and identify microchimerism, will be important for elucidating the link between microchimerism and cancer initiation and progression.
Decomposing delta plots: exploring the time course of the congruency effect using inhibition and facilitation curves
Authors: Smith Parker , Ulrich Rolf 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
When assessing the time-course of evidence accrual in conflict tasks, delta plots are often employed to show the time course of congruency effects. However, delta plots on reaction time and response errors only capture the differences between the congruent and incongruent conditions, detailing that a pattern or shift is occurring, but not what contributes to creating these changes. To gain a clearer idea of what is causing these trends and shifts, the neutral condition can be added to conflict tasks in order to decompose the congruency effect into two components: facilitation and inhibition. Similarly, the traditional delta plot of the congruency effect can also be decomposed to capture the time-course of facilitation and inhibition in separate curves. Thus, this article endeavored to both assess the utility of inhibition and facilitation curves as a tool for parsing apart the congruency effect, and also to see how the observed patterns changed on a larger time frame. To do this, an exploratory study was conducted on three conflict task experiments (a linguistic flanker task, numeric Stroop task, and symbolic Simon task) that were run with a speed-accuracy tradeoff measure implemented as well. By observing the conflict tasks at various speed stresses, we hoped to evaluate how, or if, inhibition and facilitation change at different response thresholds. The addition of delta functions for facilitation and inhibition provided further insight into base mean RT data. The results also provided evidence for numerous assumptions regarding cognitive control, such as a dominant effect of inhibition driving most of the congruency effect.
The UBR5 protein facilitates mesangial cell hypertrophy and glycolysis induced by high glucose by increasing the phosphorylation levels of AKT
Authors: Liao Lin , Xu Qiming , Xu Jie , Chen Jie , Liu Wenrui , Chen Wenhao , Tang Yunqing , Duan Lianxiang , Guo Yue , Liu Ziyang , Tao Pengyu , Cao Yu , Lu Jianrao , Hu Jing 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Aims
One of the primary pathological features in the early stages of diabetic nephropathy is mesangial cell (MC) hypertrophy in the glomerulus. Considering the role of E3 ubiquitin ligases in regulating MC hypertrophy, the aim of this study was to identify the functional ubiquitin protein ligase E3 component N-recognin 5 (UBR5) during MC hypertrophy under high glucose conditions.

Methods
Human MCs (HMCs) transduced with UBR5 silencing or overexpression vector were treated with high glucose, AKT inhibitor, or glycolysis inhibitor. Cell proliferation, cell cycle, hypertrophy and glycolysis were evaluated in the HMCs after indicated treatment. m6A methylated RNA immunoprecipitation, luciferase reporter assay, and RNA immunoprecipitation were performed to determine the regulation of UBR5 by Wilms tumor 1-associating protein (WTAP)/insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1) induced m6A modification. Western blot was performed to determine the protein expression levels.

Results
UBR5 expression was upregulated in db/db mice and in high glucose-induced HMCs. UBR5 silencing inhibited high glucose-induced HMC cell cycle arrest, cell hypertrophy, and glycolysis. UBR5 facilitated HMC hypertrophy and glycolysis by promoting the phosphorylation levels of AKT. Additionally, the promoting effect of glycolysis on cell hypertrophy were also elucidated. Further investigation into upstream regulators revealed that WTAP promoted m6A modification of UBR5 through the m6A reader IGF2BP1.

Conclusions
Our study unveils a novel mechanism involved in high glucose-induced cell hypertrophy, offering new insights into the understanding and treatment of early pathological mechanisms in diabetic nephropathy.
Wechselwirkungen in forensischen Psychotherapien
Authors: Pilz Niko , Löffler-Stastka Henriette , Komorowski Arkadiusz 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Artikel werden Erkenntnisse aus einer Pilotstudie zur ambulanten forensischen Psychotherapie beschrieben. Untersuchte Wechselwirkungen betreffen die Persönlichkeitsmerkmale der Klient:innen, die Abbruchraten, die Indikationsstellung für psychotherapeutische und psychiatrische Behandlungen sowie die Rolle der Gerichte.
Im Rahmen dieser retrospektiven Studie wurden insgesamt 210 Akten von Klient:innen mit Weisung zur Psychotherapie beim Verein für Männer- und Geschlechterthemen (VMG) einbezogen. Aus dem ursprünglichen Datensatz konnten sodann 33 Akten operationalisiert und statistisch untersucht werden.
Die wesentlichen Resultate deuten an, dass Abbruchraten mit Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen und Vorstrafen in Verbindung stehen. Zudem zeigt sich, dass für Psychotherapien im Weisungskontext der Standort des zuständigen Gerichts eine Rolle spielt. Trotz des Pilotcharakters der Studie ergeben sich Erkenntnisse hinsichtlich der Wechselwirkungen in forensischen Psychotherapien sowie Hypothesen für weiterführende Forschungsprojekte.
Potential Crawling Distance for an Invading Urban Tree Pest: Implications for Settling Decisions and Between-Tree Movement
Authors: Wright Erika R. , Long David E. , McAndrew Kristy M. , Paul Thomas G. , Sabet Afsoon , Riggins Isaac O. , Chaves Ariadna Santos , Ward Rebecca M. , Ward Samuel F. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Scale insects are prevalent urban landscape pests and are considered to move between neighboring trees via wind-aided and phoretic dispersal by cryptic, short-lived crawlers. Crawling likely plays a central role in these dispersal processes by shaping their ability to move onto phoretic hosts or to locate host plants and/or settling locations after being blown off a tree. Additionally, walking capabilities of crawlers drive on-tree movement, such as how far they disperse before settling. Here, we studied movement of the damaging, non-native crapemyrtle bark scale (CMBS), Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae). We aimed to determine survival times for crawlers under starved conditions, evaluated crawler walking distances on various substrates, and combined survival times and walking distances from these experiments to simulate potential walking distances over the lifetime of the crawler stage and 1, 6, 12, 18, 24, 48, and 72-h intervals. We found that half of the crawlers survived approximately three days, with < 25% surviving up to seven days. On different substrates, crawlers walked five times farther on average on carboard than white posterboard over 15-min periods; crawling distances did not significantly vary during 5-min trials using colored construction paper, however. Combining these results, we estimated crawlers could move a median distance of 62 m (range: 2–211 m) if they walked for the entirety of their life as a crawler. These findings provide insight into a vulnerable life stage of scale insects and suggest that crawlers blown off of trees could walk to new hosts and easily move between adjacent trees.
Behavioural Biases in Investment Decisions of Pension Savers: Evidence from the 2nd Pillar of the Pension System in Slovakia
Authors: Szakadatova Estera , Caplanova Anetta , Sivak Rudolf 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The paper investigates the risk aversion and decision-making of pension fund investors within the investment pillar of the Slovak pension system. The default strategy of the investment pillar of the Slovak pension system was based on a conservative, guaranteed bond portfolio, between 2012–2023, which is not an optimal strategy for virtually any investor. A sample of the economically active population under the age of 50 was used to study how personality traits, sociodemographic and economic characteristics influence risk aversion and inertia among pension investors within the context of a bond portfolio default strategy. This represents a unique framework, which to the best of our knowledge, has not been replicated elsewhere. The analysis is based on the sample of 100 respondents. The data were collected by a professional survey agency. The results show that the personality traits of agreeableness and conscientiousness are associated with higher risk aversion, while openness to new experiences is associated with lower risk aversion. Agreeable people were less likely to opt out of the default investment strategy. Individual characteristics, such as gender, age, and mother's education, increased reluctance to opt out of the default investment strategy. On the contrary, individuals whose parents invest were more likely to opt out of the default investment strategy.
Gestaltung von Arbeitssystemen mittels soziotechnischer Prototypen in der virtuellen Realität
Authors: Hamborg Kai-Christoph , Schumacher Jan-Philip , Straatmann Tammo 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Artikel der Zeitschrift Gruppe Interaktion Organisation beschäftigt sich nach Klärung des Begriffs des Soziotechnischen Prototyps damit, wie sich soziotechnische Prototypen mit Mitteln der virtuellen Realität (VR) umsetzen und für die Gestaltung von Arbeitssystemen in Praxisprojekten nutzen lassen. Zudem werden empirische Befunde zu der Wirksamkeit und Akzeptanz soziotechnischer Prototypen berichtet. Schließlich werden Ansatzpunkte und Implikationen für die Begleitung von Maßnahmen der Gestaltung von Arbeitssystemen mittels soziotechnischer Prototypen im Rahmen der Organisationsberatung und des Change-Managements thematisiert und diskutiert.
Structural Modifications of Certain Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids During Sample Extraction and Its Impact on Analytical Results
Authors: Kaltner Florian , Klein Lisa Monika 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), a group of plant toxins often contaminating food or feed, are typically extracted from samples using liquid extraction. The crude extracts are then often purified using solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges before being analysed by LC–MS/MS. During the development of analytical methods based on strong cation exchange SPE, certain structurally related PAs showed unexpectedly low or significantly increased recoveries, suggesting transformation reactions may be at play. To investigate this hypothesis, sample preparations were conducted using PA-free milk as food matrix, water or organic solvents, into which PA reference standards were spiked before or after critical steps of the protocol. The results revealed a significant decrease in acetylated PA N-oxides to their corresponding deacetylated compounds, as well as the formation of epoxydic PAs from PA compounds containing chlorine and hydroxyl groups in the α position. Evaporation of the alkaline SPE eluates, combined with the use of the protic solvent methanol in cases of deacetylation, was responsible for these phenomena. An alkaline ester hydrolysis mechanism was hypothesised for the deacetylation, while an internal SN2 reaction, similar to the chlorohydrin reaction was suggested for the formation of epoxy PA compounds. Consequently, using different sample preparation methods may inadvertently bias the determined PA patterns.