bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The counselees' self‐reported request for psychological help in genetic counseling for hereditary breast/ovarian cancer: not only psychopathology matters
Authors: Vos Joël , van Asperen Christi J. , Oosterwijk Jan C. , Menko Fred H. , Collee Margriet J. , Garcia Encarna Gomez , Tibben Aad 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackgroundSeveral studies have shown that counselees do not experience psychopathological levels of distress after DNA test result disclosure. However, it has not systematically been studied whether the absence of psychopathology also means that counselees do not want to receive help. Their self‐reported request for help may be related not only with psychopathology/distress but also with other psychological needs (e.g., surgery decisions), genetics‐specific needs (e.g., feeling vulnerable/stigmatized), and existential concerns (e.g., meaning in life).MethodsQuestionnaires were filled in by Dutch cancer patients, before and after disclosure of BRCA1/2 test results for hereditary breast/ovarian cancer: pathogenic mutation results (n = 30), uninformative results (n = 202), or unclassified variants (n = 16). Newly developed questions measured request for help, psychopathology was estimated with factor analyses on distress/psychopathology instruments, and several validated questionnaires measured other needs/concerns.ResultsOne‐third of all counselees who reported a request for psychological help had actually received help. The level of psychopathology correlated between 0.34 and 0.44 with this self‐reported need‐for‐help. Other needs, genetics‐specific distress, and existential concerns correlated strongly/moderately with the counselees' self‐reported need‐for‐help. Examples of other needs were intention to undergo surgery, inaccuracy of their interpretation, the impact of cancer, and family communication difficulties. Genetics‐specific distress was for instance feeling vulnerable to develop cancer, stigma, and lack of mastery. Existential concerns were, among others, lack of purpose in life, low self‐acceptance, and an unfulfilled wish for certainty.ConclusionsThe request for help is related to multiple factors. Referral to psychosocial professionals may be improved by not only discussing psychopathology during genetic‐counseling sessions but also by other needs and existential concerns. Questions about other needs and existential issues may be added to psychological screening instruments. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dabigatran (Pradaxa) for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation
Authors: Chaplin Steve , Lip Gregory 
Published: June 2012

AbstractDabigatran (Pradaxa) is a new oral anticoagulant licensed for the prevention of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation and a risk factor for stroke. In our New products review, Steve Chaplin presents the data relating to its efficacy and adverse events compared with warfarin, and Professor Gregory Lip considers its potential role in therapy.
Constructing a Crisis: the Role of Immigration Detention in Malta
Authors: Mainwaring Cetta 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTMalta remains the only country in the European Union that maintains an 18‐month, mandatory detention policy for all irregular migrants upon arrival. This paper examines the role that detention has played in the Maltese government's response to the flows of irregular immigration to the island in the 21st century. It argues that detention is symbolic of the crisis narrative that the Maltese government has constructed as a response to these immigration flows in order to gain more practical and financial support from the European Union. The detention policy also serves to reinforce this interpretation of irregular immigration. Such a portrayal, combined with the use of detention as a deterrent, produces detrimental consequences for the migrant population, as well as the wider Maltese society. The paper draws on over 50 interviews, conducted by the author, with government officials, non‐governmental organisations, and migrants and refugees on the island. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Complete Partite subgraphs in dense hypergraphs
Authors: Rödl Vojtěch , Schacht Mathias 
Published: June 2012

AbstractFor a given r ‐uniform hypergraph
${\cal F}$
we study the largest blow‐up of ${\cal F}$
which can be guaranteed in every large r ‐uniform hypergraph with many copies of ${\cal F}$. For graphs this problem was addressed by Nikiforov, who proved that every n ‐vertex graph that contains Ω(nℓ) copies of the complete graph Kℓ must contain a complete ℓ ‐partite graph with Ω(log n) vertices in each class. We give another proof of Nikiforov's result, make very small progress towards that problem for hypergraphs, and consider a Ramsey‐type problem related to a conjecture of Erdős and Hajnal.© 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2012
Mirtrons, an emerging class of atypical miRNA
Authors: Curtis Helen J. , Sibley Christopher R. , Wood Matthew J. A. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPost‐transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) via RNA interference (RNAi) is a vital gene regulatory mechanism for fine‐tuning gene expression. RNAi effectors termed microRNAs (miRNAs) are implicated in various aspects of animal development and normal physiological function, while dysregulation has been linked to several pathologies. Several atypical miRNA biogenesis pathways have been identified, yet in most cases the reasons for their emergence remain unclear. One of these atypical pathways is the mirtron pathway, where short introns are excised by splicing to generate intermediates of the RNAi pathway, with no cleavage by the microprocessor. Closely related pathways involving tailed‐mirtron and simtron biogenesis have also been described. There is extensive evidence that mirtrons function as miRNAs, and while some are evolutionarily conserved across similar species, others appear to have emerged relatively recently. In addition, through exploitation of the potent and sequence‐specific silencing capabilities of RNAi, synthetic mirtrons may have potential for overcoming certain therapeutic challenges. WIREs RNA 2012 doi: 10.1002/wrna.1122This article is categorized under:

Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Biogenesis of Effector Small RNAs
Exploring probabilistic bisimulations, part I
Authors: Hennessy Matthew 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
We take a fresh look at strong probabilistic bisimulations for processes which exhibit both non-deterministic and probabilistic behaviour. We suggest that it is natural to interpret such processes as distributions over states in a probabilistic labelled transition system, a pLTS; this enables us to adapt the standard notion of contextual equivalence to this setting. We then prove that a novel form of bisimulation equivalence between distributions are both sound and complete with respect to this contextual equivalence. We also show that a very simple extension to HML, Hennessy–Milner Logic, provides finite explanations for inequivalences between distributions. Finally we show that our bisimulations between distributions in a pLTS are simply an alternative characterisation of a standard notion of probabilistic bisimulation equivalence, defined between states in a pLTS.
In praise of algebra
Authors: Hoare Tony , van Staden Stephan 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
We survey the well-known algebraic laws of sequential programming, and extend them with some less familiar laws for concurrent programming. We give an algebraic definition of the Hoare triple, and algebraic proofs of all the relevant laws for concurrent separation logic. We give the provable concurrency laws for Milner transitions, for the Back/Morgan refinement calculus, and for Dijkstra’s weakest preconditions. We end with a section in praise of algebra, of which Carroll Morgan is such a master.
The effects of CO2 and nutrient enrichment on photosynthesis and growth of Poa annua in two consecutive generations
Authors: Bezemer T. Martijn , Jones T. Hefin 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe studied short‐ and long‐term growth responses of Poa annua L. (Gramineae) at ambient and elevated (ambient +200 μmol mol−1) atmospheric CO2. In experiment 1 we compared plant growth during the early, vegetative and final, reproductive growth phases. Plant growth in elevated CO2 was significantly enhanced during the early phase, but this was reversed in the reproductive phase. Seed mass and percentage germination were significantly reduced in elevated CO2. Experiment 2 tested for the impact of transgenerational and nutrient effects on the response of Poa annua to elevated CO2. Plants were grown at ambient and elevated CO2 for one or two consecutive generations at three soil nutrient levels. Leaf photosynthesis was significantly higher at elevated CO2, but was also affected by both soil nutrient status and plant generation. Plants grown at elevated CO2 and under conditions of low nutrient availability showed photosynthetic acclimation after 12 weeks of growth but not after 6 weeks. First‐generation growth remained unaffected by elevated CO2, while second‐generation plants produced significantly more tillers and flowers when grown in elevated CO2 compared to ambient conditions. This effect was strongest at low nutrient availability. Average above‐ and belowground biomass after 12 weeks of growth was enhanced in elevated CO2 during both generations, but more so during plant generation 2. This study demonstrates the importance of temporal/maternal effects in plant responses to elevated CO2.
Microarray Analysis of Ageing-Related Signatures and Their Expression in Tumors Based on a Computational Biology Approach
Authors: Wang Xiaosheng 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Ageing and cancer have been associated with genetic and genomic changes. The identification of common signatures between ageing and cancer can reveal shared molecular mechanisms underlying them. In this study, we collected ageing-related gene signatures from ten published studies involved in six different human tissues and an online resource. We found that most of these gene signatures were tissue-specific and a few were related to multiple tissues. We performed a genome-wide examination of the expression of these signatures in various human tumor types, and found that a large proportion of these signatures were universally differentially expressed among normal vs. tumor phenotypes. Functional analyses of the highly-overlapping genes between ageing and cancer using DAVID tools have identified important functional categories and pathways linking ageing with cancer. The convergent and divergent mechanisms between ageing and cancer are discussed. This study provides insights into the biology of ageing and cancer, suggesting the possibility of potential interventions aimed at postponing ageing and preventing cancer.
Common Alzheimer's Disease Research Ontology: National Institute on Aging and Alzheimer's Association Collaborative Project
Authors: Refolo Lorenzo M. , Snyder Heather , Liggins Charlene , Ryan Laurie , Silverberg Nina , Petanceska Suzana , Carrillo Maria C. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAlzheimer's disease is recognized as a public health crisis worldwide. As public and private funding agencies around the world enhance and expand their support of Alzheimer's disease research, there is an urgent need to coordinate funding strategies and leverage resources to maximize the impact on public health and avoid duplication of effort and inefficiency. Such coordination requires a comprehensive assessment of the current landscape of Alzheimer's disease research in the United States and internationally. To this end, the National Institute on Aging at the National Institutes of Health and the Alzheimer's Association developed the Common Alzheimer's Disease Research Ontology (CADRO) as a dynamic portfolio analysis tool that can be used by funding agencies worldwide for strategic planning and coordination.
Learning from others’ misfortune: Factors influencing knowledge acquisition to reduce operational risk
Authors: Hora Manpreet , Klassen Robert D. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractRisks arising from operations are increasingly being highlighted by managers, customers, and the popular press, particularly related to large‐scale (and usually low‐frequency) losses. If poorly managed, the resulting disruptions in customer service and environmental problems incur enormous recovery costs, prompt large legal liabilities, and damage customer goodwill and brand equity. Yet, despite conventional wisdom that firms should improve their own operations by observing problems that occur in others’ processes, significant operational risks appear to be ignored and similar losses recur. Using a randomized vignette‐based field experiment, we tested the influence of organization‐level factors on knowledge acquisition. Two organization‐level factors, namely perceived operational similarity, and to a lesser extent, market leadership, significantly influenced the risk manager's likelihood of acquiring knowledge about possible causes that triggered another firm's operational loss. These findings suggest that senior managers need to develop organizational systems and training to expand the screening by risk managers to enhance knowledge acquisition. Moreover, industry and trade organizations may have a role in fostering the transfer of knowledge and potential learning from operational losses of firms.
Direct energy estimation of the 2011 Japan tsunami using deep‐ocean pressure measurements
Authors: Tang Liujuan , Titov Vasily V. , Bernard Eddie N. , Wei Yong , Chamberlin Christopher D. , Newman Jean C. , Mofjeld Harold O. , Arcas Diego , Eble Marie C. , Moore Christopher , Uslu Burak , Pells Clint , Spillane Michael , Wright Lindsey , Gica Edison 
Published: June 2012

We have developed a method to compute the total energy transmitted by tsunami waves, to the case where the earthquake source is unknown, by using deep‐ocean pressure measurements and numerical models (tsunami source functions). Based on the first wave recorded at the two closest tsunameters (Deep‐Ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (DART)), our analysis suggests that the March 11, 2011 Tohoku‐Oki tsunami generated off Japan originated from a 300–400 km long and 100 km wide area, and the total propagated energy is 3 × 1015J (with 6% uncertainty). Measurements from 30 tsunameters and 32 coastal tide stations show excellent agreement with the forecasts obtained in real time. Our study indicates that the propagated energy and the source location are the most important source characteristics for predicting tsunami impacts. Interactions of tsunami waves with seafloor topography delay and redirect the energy flux, posing hazards from delayed and amplified waves with long duration. Seafloor topography also gives its spectral imprint to tsunami waves. Travel time forecast errors are path‐specific and correlated to the major wave scatterers in the Pacific. Numerical dissipation in the propagation modeling highlights the need of high‐resolution inundation models for accurate coastal predictions. On the other hand, it also can be used to account for physical dissipation to achieve efficiency. Our results provide guidelines for the earliest reliable tsunami forecast, warnings of long duration tsunami waves signals and enhancement of the experimental tsunami forecast system. We apply the method to quantify the energy of 15 past tsunamis, independently from earthquake magnitudes. The small tsunami to seismic radiation energy ratios, and their variability (0.01–0.8%), reinforce the importance of using deep‐ocean tsunami data, the direct measures of tsunamis, for estimates of tsunami energy and accurate forecasting.
Impact of suborbital climate changes in the North Atlantic on ice sheet dynamics at the Mid‐Pleistocene Transition
Authors: Hernández‐Almeida I. , Sierro F. J. , Cacho I. , Flores J. A. 
Published: June 2012

Early and Mid‐Pleistocene climate, ocean hydrography and ice sheet dynamics have been reconstructed using a high‐resolution data set (planktonic and benthicδ18O time series, faunal‐based sea surface temperature (SST) reconstructions and ice‐rafted debris (IRD)) record from a high‐deposition‐rate sedimentary succession recovered at the Gardar Drift formation in the subpolar North Atlantic (Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Leg 306, Site U1314). Our sedimentary record spans from late in Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 31 to MIS 19 (1069–779 ka). Different trends of the benthic and planktonic oxygen isotopes, SST and IRD records before and after MIS 25 (∼940 ka) evidence the large increase in Northern Hemisphere ice‐volume, linked to the cyclicity change from the 41‐kyr to the 100‐kyr that occurred during the Mid‐Pleistocene Transition (MPT). Beside longer glacial‐interglacial (G‐IG) variability, millennial‐scale fluctuations were a pervasive feature across our study. Negative excursions in the benthicδ18O time series observed at the times of IRD events may be related to glacio‐eustatic changes due to ice sheets retreats and/or to changes in deep hydrography. Time series analysis on surface water proxies (IRD, SST and planktonicδ18O) of the interval between MIS 31 to MIS 26 shows that the timing of these millennial‐scale climate changes are related to half‐precessional (10 kyr) components of the insolation forcing, which are interpreted as cross‐equatorial heat transport toward high latitudes during both equinox insolation maxima at the equator.
Estimating the permeability distribution and its uncertainty at the EGS demonstration reservoir Soultz‐sous‐Forêts using the ensemble Kalman filter
Authors: Vogt C. , Marquart G. , Kosack C. , Wolf A. , Clauser C. 
Published: June 2012

We present an estimation of the permeability fields of the reservoir at the Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) at Soultz‐sous‐Forêts, France, based on the data assimilation technique Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF). To this end, we assimilate data from a tracer circulation experiment performed in 2005. Using a 3‐D numerical simulation of fluid transport and chemical tracer dispersion, we advance the tracer in time and control the concentration. With the EnKF we obtain reliable fits for concentration data recorded in both existing production boreholes, GPK2 and GPK4. As an alternative to discrete fracture networks, our heterogeneous equivalent porous medium approach thus can also characterize the hydraulically fractured zone of the engineered geothermal system. We present best estimates for permeabilities (10−14 m2–10−12 m2for the fracture zone) and the corresponding uncertainty which is about one order of magnitude. After comparing our results to results from a massive Monte Carlo and from a gradient‐based Bayesian approach, it becomes clear that only the EnKF of this three approaches is able to fit concentrations at GPK2 and GPK4 simultaneously. Based on the EnKF estimates obtained, a long‐term performance prediction including an uncertainty analysis for the reservoir (as it was in 2005) yields no thermal breakthrough in the system within at least 50 years of operation. Our study demonstrates the efficiency of the EnKF when estimating the permeability distribution in an EGS reservoir even with sparse data available.
Satellite observations of an annual cycle in the Agulhas Current
Authors: Krug M. , Tournadre J. 
Published: June 2012

Ocean models show an annual cycle in the Agulhas Current transport which has not yet been confirmed in analyses of in‐situ or satellite observations. A cross‐stream coordinate approach is used to study the variability of the Agulhas Current from 18 years of along‐track altimetry and merged altimetry and close to 7 years of high frequency Sea Surface Temperature (SST) observations. While the position and width of the Agulhas Current's dynamical core do not display an annual cycle, the geostrophic current speed at the current's core exhibits distinct seasonal variations, with a stronger flow observed in austral summer. The annual cycle dominates the frequency spectra of the current's core geostrophic velocities.
Estimating the frequency of extremely energetic solar events, based on solar, stellar, lunar, and terrestrial records
Authors: Schrijver C. J. , Beer J. , Baltensperger U. , Cliver E. W. , Güdel M. , Hudson H. S. , McCracken K. G. , Osten R. A. , Peter T. , Soderblom D. R. , Usoskin I. G. , Wolff E. W. 
Published: June 2012

The most powerful explosions on the Sun – in the form of bright flares, intense storms of solar energetic particles (SEPs), and fast coronal mass ejections (CMEs) – drive the most severe space‐weather storms. Proxy records of flare energies based on SEPs in principle may offer the longest time base to study infrequent large events. We conclude that one suggested proxy, nitrate concentrations in polar ice cores, does not map reliably to SEP events. Concentrations of select radionuclides measured in natural archives may prove useful in extending the time interval of direct observations up to ten millennia, but as their calibration to solar flare fluences depends on multiple poorly known properties and processes, these proxies cannot presently be used to help determine the flare energy frequency distribution. Being thus limited to the use of direct flare observations, we evaluate the probabilities of large‐energy solar events by combining solar flare observations with an ensemble of stellar flare observations. We conclude that solar flare energies form a relatively smooth distribution from small events to large flares, while flares on magnetically active, young Sun‐like stars have energies and frequencies markedly in excess of strong solar flares, even after an empirical scaling with the mean coronal activity level of these stars. In order to empirically quantify the frequency of uncommonly large solar flares extensive surveys of stars of near‐solar age need to be obtained, such as is feasible with the Kepler satellite. Because the likelihood of flares larger than approximately X30 remains empirically unconstrained, we present indirect arguments, based on records of sunspots and on statistical arguments, that solar flares in the past four centuries have likely not substantially exceeded the level of the largest flares observed in the space era, and that there is at most about a 10% chance of a flare larger than about X30 in the next 30 years.
The A-kinase-anchoring protein AKAP-Lbc facilitates cardioprotective PKA phosphorylation of Hsp20 on Ser16
Authors: Edwards Helen V. , Scott John D. , Baillie George S. 
Published: June 2012

Hsp20 (heat-shock protein of 20 kDa; HspB6) is a cardioprotective agent which combats a number of pathophysiological processes in the heart, including hypertrophy, apoptosis and ischaemia/reperfusion injury. The cardioprotective actions of Hsp20 require its phosphorylation by PKA (cAMP-dependent protein kinase) on Ser16. Although the extracellular stimuli that promote cAMP-responsive phosphorylation of Hsp20 are well known, less is understood about the molecular processes that regulate this modification. AKAPs (A-kinase-anchoring proteins) physically compartmentalize PKA to specific locations within a cell to both direct PKA phosphorylation toward selected substrates and to orchestrate downstream signalling events. In the present study we used PKA anchoring disruptor peptides to verify that an AKAP underpins the cardioprotective phosphorylation of Hsp20. Biochemical and immunofluorescence techniques identify the cytosolic protein AKAP-Lbc (AKAP13) as the anchoring protein responsible for directing PKA phosphorylation of Hsp20 on Ser16. Gene silencing and rescue experiments establish that AKAP-Lbc-mediated PKA phosphorylation of Hsp20 is crucial to the anti-apoptotic effects of the Hsp. Thus AKAP-Lbc may serve an ancillary cardioprotective role by favouring the association of PKA with Hsp20.