bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le drame de Creusot-Loire : échec industriel ou fiasco politico-financier ?
Authors: Beaud Claude 
Published: June 2009

Résumé Creusot-Loire subit de plein fouet, de 1976 à 1979, une première crise, celle de la sidérurgie. Elle est la seule société à ne pas avoir obtenu l’aide du « plan sidérurgie » de 1978. Cependant, grâce aux efforts de redressement, l’entreprise renoue en 1981 avec de modestes bénéfices. Mais cette éclaircie est sans lendemain : en 1982 et 1983, Creusot-Loire est victime d’un effondrement financier brutal, en contradiction avec le maintien de sa compétitivité internationale. L’accumulation des pertes de plus de 2 milliards en deux ans apparaît comme un suicide ou un assassinat. Le salut ne peut venir que de l’État. Le 28 juin 1984, le refus du gouvernement d’apporter son aide conduit à la mise en règlement judiciaire puis à une liquidation qui s’annonçait désastreuse. L’étude ultérieure de cette liquidation peut nous réserver quelques surprises.
Le dépérissement de l'usine de Graffenstaden
Authors: Jeanvoine Luc 
Published: June 2009

Résumé En 1960, l’usine de constructions mécaniques de Graffenstaden à 8 kilomètres au sud de Strasbourg était un des plus grands établissements de constructions mécaniques d’Europe. Son organisation industrielle semblait immuable depuis sa fondation en 1838 puisqu’elle fabriquait tout bien d’équipement métallique : locomotives à vapeur, crics, vérins, machines-outils, machineries d’écluse et engrenages. Après une chute de l’emploi dramatique surtout dans les années 1960, une réorientation momentanée vers la fourniture de machines-outils pour l’industrie automobile dans la décennie 1970-1980 principalement, l’usine a perdu les quatre cinquièmes de ses effectifs et se résume depuis le milieu des années 1980 à deux PME issues des anciennes activités : les centres de fraisage (descendant de l’activité machine-outil) et la fabrication d’engrenages. Le présent article tente de décrire les modalités de cette implosion, afin de contribuer à un débat sur la désindustrialisation en France dans le dernier quart du XX e siècle.
Concentration de l'industrie automobile américaine et échec de l'entrée de Kaiser-Frazer (1946-1955) : leçons managériales
Authors: Bounfour Ahmed 
Published: June 2009

Résumé La tentative de Kaiser-Frazer pour s’introduire sur le marché de l’automobile a bénéficié de l’écart entre une demande non satisfaite accumulée durant la guerre et une offre encore insuffisante. Mais, à partir de 1949, sa position commerciale s’est détériorée. On peut proposer à cela plusieurs explications. D’abord, elle s’est heurtée à la structure oligopolistique qui prévalait aux États-Unis depuis les années trente au profit des trois leaders GM, Ford et Chrysler. Surtout, elle a commis des erreurs de stratégie : réseau de distribution insuffisant, incapacité à lancer de nouveaux produits au moment opportun et mode d’organisation industrielle insuffisamment orienté vers la baisse des coûts.
Cinquante ans après...
Authors: de M’Uzan Michel 
Published: June 2009

Résumé Le commentaire présenté concerne deux observations figurant dans L’Investigation psychosomatique , dont Michel de M’Uzan est co-auteur, avec Pierre Marty et Christian David. Le phénomène de la « pensée opératoire », dont l’observation clinique est partagée par les auteurs, est l’objet d’interprétations, sinon différentes, du moins complémentaires : plus phénoménologique chez P. Marty, plus méta-psychologique dans cet article. La notion d’« effondrement traumatique » est discutée : conséquence d’un pur facteur quantitatif, ou d’un échec de la « pensée opératoire ».
Le sophiste Dion de Pruse, le bon roi et l'empereur
Authors: Gangloff Anne 
Published: June 2009

RÉSUMÉ Cet article porte sur la réflexion politique grecque au sujet du principat et sur les relations entre le sophiste Dion de Pruse (40-50 après J.-C. - après 110 ?) et le pouvoir impérial. Il propose une analyse des discours de Dion qui concernent les modèles de royauté : les quatre discours Sur la royauté ( Or., I à IV), l’ Agamemnon ( Or., LVI), le discours Sur la royauté et la tyrannie ( Or., LXII). La première partie examine les circonstances de rédaction ou de prononciation des discours, afin de distinguer différentes étapes dans la pensée politique du sophiste et dans son jugement sur la figure de l’empereur. La deuxième partie étudie les deux images du " bon " roi : le roi imparfait, soumis à reddition de compte ; l’ Optimus Princeps . Cette seconde image, beaucoup plus développée, est définie à la fois par un ensemble de vertus et par l’imitation du roi des dieux. La troisième partie analyse les objectifs de Dion, compare sa réflexion avec celles des intellectuels romains du I er et du II e siècle, dégage sa position complexe à l’égard du principat et de la figure de Trajan.
Le débat sur Rome capitale (1861-1871) : choix de localisation et achèvement de la construction nationale italienne
Authors: Djament-Tran Géraldine 
Published: June 2009

RÉSUMÉ Cet article aborde le débat sur Rome capitale (1861-1871) dans la perspective d’une étude territoriale de la construction nationale italienne. Le choix de localisation de la capitale est interprété en s’inspirant des thèses de D. Mack Smith comme la reprise cavourienne du choix spatial du Risorgimento démocratique vidé de son contenu politique et comme facteur de la victoire du Risorgimento monarchique. Le débat parlementaire et d’opinion est également analysé comme un révélateur des représentations du territoire italien au moment de l’unification. La conception d’une Italie polycentrique, terre d’histoire traversée par la question méridionale, conduit au choix de Rome comme capitale historique, capitale charnière et capitale neutre. Cette logique de désignation constitue un élément d’explication des difficultés que connaît la " Ville Éternelle " après 1871.
Narcissistic Pathology: Empirical Approaches
Authors: Levy Kenneth N. , Chauhan Preeti , Clarkin John F. , Wasserman Rachel H. , Reynoso Joseph S. 
Published: June 2009

CME Educational Objectives1.Describe the historical context for development of theDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-based narcissistic personality disorder diagnosis.2.Identify the empirical literature on the prevalence, comorbidity, subtypes, gender differences, and assessment procedures for narcissistic personality disorder.3.Identify the treatment literature regarding narcissistic personality disorder.
Narcissistic and Borderline Personality Disorders in a Sample of Treatment Refractory Patients
Authors: Clemence A. Jill , Perry J. Christopher , Plakun Eric M. 
Published: June 2009

CME Educational Objectives

1.
Discuss the similarities and differences between patients with treatment resistant narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) in a residential setting.

2.
Display factors that might contribute to treatment resistance for patients with NPD in a residential setting.

3.
Define ways that these patients may differ from those in less intensive settings.
Narcissism and Criminality
Authors: Stone Michael H. 
Published: June 2009

CME Educational Objectives

1.
Identify the connection between narcissistic personality traits and the tendency of criminal behavior.

2.
Explain the manner in which certain psychiatric disorders magnify the tendency of narcissistic traits and antisocial behaviors.

3.
Discuss the variety of prenatal and post-natal (environmental) factors that contribute to the evolution of violent criminality in certain narcissistic persons.
Large-group Narcissism and Political Leaders with Narcissistic Personality Organization
Authors: Volkan Vamık D. , Fowler J. Christopher 
Published: June 2009

CME Educational Objectives

1.
Describe large-group narcissism and how to detect it.

2.
Outline the role of “chosen traumas” in sustaining and fomenting large-group narcissism.

3.
Describe the interplay between narcissistic leaders and the need for a savior in large groups.
Topical Cyclosporin A and Mitomycin C Injection as Adjunctive Therapy for Prevention of Primary Pterygium Recurrence
Authors: Ibáñez Miguel A. , Eugarrios Marcela F. , Calderón Delmy I. 
Published: June 2009

Background and Objective:The authors evaluated the results of topical cyclosporin A 1% and injected mitomycin C 0.01% use as adjunctive therapy for prevention of primary pterygium recurrence.Patients and Methods:Eighty eyes of 76 consecutive patients who had pterygium excision surgery in a prospective, interventional clinical trial received conjunctival autografting combined with an immediate postoperative 0.1-cc injection of 0.01% mitomycin C in caruncula were randomized into two groups: those who received postoperative topical application of cyclosporin A and those who did not.Results:The recurrence rate in patients who received topical application of postoperative cyclosporin A was 7.5% (3 of 40) compared with 17.5% (7 of 40) for patients who did not receive topical application of postoperative cyclosporin A (P= .31). An unexpected and significant finding in women was that those who received cyclosporin A had no recurrences (0 of 26), whereas those who did not receive cyclosporin A did (6 of 25; 24%) (P= .03).Conclusion:Intracaruncular mitomycin C 0.01% and topical cyclosporin A 1% combined with conjunctival autograft is useful in reducing pterygium recurrence.[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2009;40:239–244.]
Fresh-Tissue Corneolimbal Covering Graft for Large Corneal Perforation Following Childhood Trachoma
Authors: Kremer Israel , Ehrenberg Miriam , Weinberger Dov 
Published: June 2009

Background and Objective:
When corneal perforation develops in patients with severe ocular surface disease and limbal stem cell deficiency following childhood trachoma infection, penetrating keratoplasty is doomed to fail. To overcome this problem, the use of a fresh-tissue corneolimbal covering graft is described.

Patients and Methods:
Retrospective interventional case series of four patients who presented to a tertiary center from 2003 to 2005 with a large corneal perforation due to ocular surface disease. Emergency surgery consisted of suturing a fresh-tissue corneolimbal covering graft to the patients' peripheral sclera.

Results:
The corneolimbal graft became partially incorporated into the perforated cornea, which healed by scar tissue, after a few months. The ocular epithelial surface improved considerably. There was no recurrence of corneal perforation during the follow-up period of 1 to 3 years.

Conclusion:
Fresh-tissue corneolimbal covering graft was found to be a useful technique for saving the integrity of the eye in cases of a large corneal perforation in patients with severe ocular surface disease, such as in childhood trachoma.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2009;40:245–250.]
Immediate Evaluation of the Flaps Created by Femtosecond Laser Using Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Kucumen Raciha Beril , Dinc Umut Asli , Yenerel Nursal Melda , Gorgun Ebru , Alimgil Murat Levent 
Published: June 2009

Background and Objective:
To demonstrate the practical and functional evaluation of flaps created intraoperatively by femtosecond laser using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT).

Patients and Methods:
The study prospectively examined 11 eyes of 6 patients who underwent uneventful LASIK surgery with the aid of the Intra-Lase femtosecond laser (IntraLase Corp., Irvine, CA). During the waiting period between femtosecond laser and excimer laser, all eyes were evaluated by AS-OCT to image each flap immediately before flap lifting and laser ablation. Flap thickness and residual stromal bed thickness were calculated automatically using the software's flap tool.

Results:
A uniform flap was created by femtosecond laser not only in the central cornea, but also in all quadrants.

Conclusion:
The qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the corneal flap created by a femtosecond laser using AS-OCT before lifting the flap confirms that the femtosecond laser is a practical intraoperative approach that offers a safer surgery.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2009;40:251–254.]
Titanium:Sapphire Laser Trabeculoplasty Versus Argon Laser Trabeculoplasty in Patients With Open-Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Goldenfeld Modi , Melamed Shlomo , Simon Gabriel , Ben Simon Guy J. 
Published: June 2009

Background and Objective:
To compare the medium-term outcome of titanium:sapphire laser trabeculoplasty (TLT) (SOLX, Inc., Waltham, MA) to argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT) in patients with uncontrolled open-angle glaucoma.

Patients and Methods:
Thirty-seven patients with open-angle glaucoma who had uncontrolled intraocular pressure and no previous filtration surgery participated. Eighteen patients were treated with TLT and 19 patients were treated with ALT. All patients underwent comprehensive eye and visual field examinations.

Results:

The 18 patients in the TLT group had an average (± standard deviation) reduction of 8.3 (± 2.7) mm Hg, or 32%, from preoperative intraocular pressure (
P
< .001). The 19 patients in the ALT group had an average reduction of 6.5 (± 4.3) mm Hg, or 25%, from preoperative intraocular pressure (
P
< .001). Patients in both groups achieved a similar decrease in intraocular pressure (
P
> .05). Two patients (1 in each group) underwent trabeculectomy and were considered failures. Mean follow-up time was 15 months.

Conclusion:
TLT provides similar efficacy to ALT in intraocular pressure reduction in patients with open-angle glaucoma. If confirmed in additional studies, TLT may be used as an alternative to ALT in patients with open-angle glaucoma.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2009;40:264–269.]
Photodynamic Therapy for Age-Related Macular Degeneration Treatment: Epidemiological and Clinical Analysis of a Long-Term Study
Authors: Mataix Jorge , Desco M. Carmen , Palacios Elena , Garcia-Pous Maria , Navea Amparo 
Published: June 2009

Background and Objective:
The aim of this article was to analyze the long-term results of patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration treated with photodynamic therapy (PDT).

Patients and Methods:
This prospective nonrandomized clinical trial included 262 patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration who were treated with PDT in accordance with the Protocol of the Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration with Photodynamic Therapy Study. The follow-up lasted 48 months.

Results:
There was a significant loss of visual acuity 3 months after the first PDT treatment, a slow, progressive decrease of vision until month 12, and then visual acuity remained stable from months 24 to 48. The choroidal neovascularization size increased noticeably during the first 12 months, particularly the first 3 months after PDT. The higher the classic component of choroidal neovascularization, the better it responded to PDT. The evolution of juxtafoveal choroidal neovascularization was worse than that of subfoveal choroidal neovascularization after PDT because it grew quickly toward the fovea and visual acuity loss was greater.

Conclusion:
PDT is a safe, long-term treatment for exudative age-related macular degeneration, but it is not definitive because this treatment cannot stop the initial growth of the choroidal neovascularization lesion.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2009;40:277–284.]
The Influence of Cache Organization on E-learning Environments
Authors: Al-Nsour Ayman 
Published: June 2009

In this study, the performance of an e-learning environment is analyzed and evaluated in terms of average network traffic and upload/download rates under various cache memory organizations. In particular, we study the influence of three cache organizations, namely fully associative, direct, and set associative caches.
As a result of this work, we recommend the set associative cache memory organization with the LFU replacement policy, as this led to optimal performance in e-learning environments with the highest hit ratio and upload/download rates.
Selective Reduction of Graft-versus-Host Disease-Mediating Human T Cells by Ex Vivo Treatment with Soluble Fas Ligand
Authors: Bohana-Kashtan Osnat , Morisot Sebastien , Hildreth Richard , Brayton Cory , Levitsky Hyam I. , Civin Curt I. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Previous work done in our laboratory, using mouse models, showed that soluble Fas ligand (sFasL) can efficiently delete donor anti-host T cells during their activation against irradiated host cells in MLCs. In the mouse models, this ex vivo sFasL treatment abrogated graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) while sparing donor T cells with antitumor reactivity. The present work was performed with human cells, to extend our work toward reduction of clinical GVHD. PBMC responders from a given individual (first party) were stimulated in vitro with irradiated PBMC stimulators from a second person (second party), in the presence of sFasL. In control MLCs without sFasL, alloreacting T cells began to up-regulate Fas (CD95) detectably and became sensitive to Fas-mediated apoptosis by as early as day 1–2. In MLCs containing sFasL, there were greatly reduced numbers of alloreacting CD3+CFSElo cells, activation Ag-expressing CD4hi and CD8hi cells, IFN-γ-producing CD4+ and CD8+ cells, and CD8+CD107a+ CTLs. Furthermore, mice transplanted with the ex vivo sFasL/MLR-treated cells had prolonged time to fatal GVHD in an in vivo xenogeneic GVHD model. Responder cells harvested from primary MLCs containing sFasL had reduced proliferation in response to second party cells, but proliferated in response to CMV Ags, PHA, and third party cells. In addition, sFasL/MLR-treated cell populations contained influenza-specific T cells, CD4+FOXP3+ T cells, and CD4+CD25+ T cells. These data indicate that this ex vivo sFasL/MLR depletion of alloreacting human donor anti-host T cells was efficient and selective.
Cutting Edge: Cardiac Myosin Activates Innate Immune Responses through TLRs
Authors: Zhang Ping , Cox Carol J. , Alvarez Kathy M. , Cunningham Madeleine W. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Autoimmune attack on the heart is linked to host immune responses against cardiac myosin, the most abundant protein in the heart. Although adaptive immunity is required for disease, little is known about innate immune mechanisms. In this study we report that human cardiac myosin (HCM) acted as an endogenous ligand to directly stimulate human TLRs 2 and 8 and to activate human monocytes to release proinflammatory cytokines. In addition, pathogenic epitopes of human cardiac myosin, the S2 fragment peptides S2-16 and S2-28, stimulated TLRs directly and activated human monocytes. Our data suggest that cardiac myosin and its pathogenic T cell epitopes may link innate and adaptive immunity in a novel mechanism that could promote chronic inflammation in the myocardium.
Evidence for the Specificity for Platelet HPA-1a Alloepitope and the Presenting HLA-DR52a of Diverse Antigen-Specific Helper T Cell Clones from Alloimmunized Mothers
Authors: Rayment Rachel , Kooij Taco W. , Zhang Wei , Siebold Christian , Murphy Mike F. , Allen Dave , Willcox Nick , Roberts David J. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Maternal alloantibodies against the human platelet Ag (HPA)-1a allotype of the platelet β3 integrin GpIIb/IIIa can cause severe fetal or neonatal hemorrhage. Almost all anti-HPA-1a-immune mothers are homozygous for HPA-1b and carry HLA-DR52a (DRB3*0101). The single Pro33 →Leu substitution (HPA-1b→HPA-1a) was previously predicted to create a binding motif for HLA-DR52a that can lead to alloimmunization. We have isolated six CD4+ T cell clones from three such mothers, which all respond to intact HPA-1a+, but not HPA-1b+, platelets. We used them to define the “core” and “anchor” residues of this natural T cell epitope. Molecular modeling based on a recently published crystal structure can explain the preferential presentation of the Leu33 (but not Pro33 variant) by HLA-DR52a rather than the linked HLA-DR3 or the allelic DR52b. The modeling also predicts efficient anchoring at position 33 by several alternative hydrophobic α-amino acids; indeed, a recently identified variant with Val33 is presented well to two clones, and is therefore potentially alloimmunogenic. Finally, these HPA-1a-specific T cell clones use a variety of T cell receptors, but all have a “Th1” (IFN-γ-producing) profile and are suitable for testing selective immunotherapies that might be applicable in vivo.
TGF-β Promotes Th17 Cell Development through Inhibition of SOCS3
Authors: Qin Hongwei , Wang Lanfang , Feng Ting , Elson Charles O. , Niyongere Sandrine A. , Lee Sun Jung , Reynolds Stephanie L. , Weaver Casey T. , Roarty Kevin , Serra Rosa , Benveniste Etty N. , Cong Yingzi 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
TGF-β, together with IL-6 and IL-21, promotes Th17 cell development. IL-6 and IL-21 induce activation of STAT3, which is crucial for Th17 cell differentiation, as well as the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)3, a major negative feedback regulator of STAT3-activating cytokines that negatively regulates Th17 cells. However, it is still largely unclear how TGF-β regulates Th17 cell development and which TGF-β signaling pathway is involved in Th17 cell development. In this report, we demonstrate that TGF-β inhibits IL-6- and IL-21-induced SOCS3 expression, thus enhancing as well as prolonging STAT3 activation in naive CD4+CD25− T cells. TGF-β inhibits IL-6-induced SOCS3 promoter activity in T cells. Also, SOCS3 small interfering RNA knockdown partially compensates for the action of TGF-β on Th17 cell development. In mice with a dominant-negative form of TGF-β receptor II and impaired TGF-β signaling, IL-6-induced CD4+ T cell expression of SOCS3 is higher whereas STAT3 activation is lower compared with wild-type B6 CD4+ T cells. The addition of a TGF-β receptor I kinase inhibitor that blocks Smad-dependent TGF-β signaling greatly, but not completely, abrogates the effect of TGF-β on Th17 cell differentiation. Our data indicate that inhibition of SOCS3 and, thus, enhancement of STAT3 activation is at least one of the mechanisms of TGF-β promotion of Th17 cell development.
IFN-γ Promotes Generation of IL-10 Secreting CD4+ T Cells that Suppress Generation of CD8 Responses in an Antigen-Experienced Host
Authors: Liu Xiao Song , Leerberg Joanne , MacDonald Kelli , Leggatt Graham R. , Frazer Ian H. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Ags characterizing tumors or chronic viral infection are generally presented to the host immune system before specific immunotherapy is initiated, and consequent generation of regulatory CD4+ T cells can inhibit induction of desired effector CD8 T cell responses. IL-10 produced in response to ongoing Ag exposure inhibits generation of CD8 T cells in an Ag-experienced host. We now show that this IL-10 is produced by Ag experienced CD4+ glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor+ T cells that also secrete IFN-γ upon antigenic stimulation, that IL-10 secretion by these cells is enhanced through IFN-γ signaling, and, unexpectedly, that IFN-γ signaling is required for inhibition of generation of Ag-specific CD8 T cell responses in an Ag-experienced host. Systemic inhibition of both IL-10 and IFN-γ at the time of immunization may therefore facilitate induction of effective immunotherapeutic responses against tumor specific and viral Ags.