bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A coupled‐circuit model for a DFIG operating under unbalanced conditions
Authors: Djurovic Sinisa , Williamson Steve 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe the principles of a coupled‐circuit model for a doubly‐fed induction generator (DFIG) and to present evidence of the validity of this versatile and powerful technique and the advantages it offers when used for modeling and analysis of DFIG operation in unbalanced conditions. This paper also investigates the winding fault induced changes in the machine stator steady‐state current spectrum with a view to DFIG condition monitoring.Design/methodology/approachThe presented model is based on the summation of harmonic winding inductances. It comprises of a set of standard induction machine electromechanical equations where a connection matrix that defines a particular balanced/unbalanced winding configuration of interest is conveniently incorporated in the expressions. This model is therefore capable of representing both open‐ and short‐circuit stator and rotor winding faults while also taking into account higher order air‐gap field harmonics. Model predictions are verified in this work through comparison with corresponding experimental data obtained from a purpose built 30 kW DFIG laboratory test rig. The paper involves a number of healthy and faulty operating scenarios.FindingsAdvantages and validity of the employed model are illustrated in time and frequency domain for different steady‐state balanced/unbalanced winding DFIG operating conditions. It is also shown in both predicted and measured data that the considered winding asymmetries give rise to additional harmonic components in the stator current spectrum.Research limitations/implicationsThe importance of considering higher order air‐gap field harmonics when modeling induction machine behavior is outlined in this work.Practical implicationsThis paper identifies changes in the DFIG stator current harmonic content spectra that are winding fault induced. These may have the potential to constitute reliable fault indicators.Originality/valueThe paper discusses a harmonic conductor distribution‐based modeling method aimed predominantly at frequency domain analysis of DFIG electrical quantities. It is shown that DFIG stator current spectrum is rich in higher order harmonic components and that manner in which these are manifested is heavily influenced by the presence of winding unbalance.
Contribution of inorganic pigments to the formation of paint films from oxypolymerising drying paints
Authors: Kalendová A. , Veselý D. , Kalenda P. 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThe paper aims to investigate the drying effect exhibited by pigments combined with a Co(II) salt of 2‐ethylhexanoic acid (Co(II)) in an alkyd resin modified by soya bean oil.Design/methodology/approachPaint hardening was studied by means of a method that follows the progress of alkyd film drying. Another important method was employed to monitor the gradually increasing hardness of the drying films. Hardness of thin films was measured by the Persos method. ZnO, ZnO nanoparticles, V2O5, ZnS and TiO2 were used to study the effect of solid inorganic pigments on alkyd film drying. The pigment particles were characterised by scanning electron microscopy. The investigated pigments were combined with a constant amount of the Co(II) drier that acts in the system as a homogeneous catalyst, while the investigated pigments played the role of heterogeneous catalysts.FindingsUsing certain pigments as catalysts in drying, alkyd resins brings about new findings concerning the function of fillers and pigments in paint films. ZnO nanoparticles substantially accelerate film drying and moreover, the resulting films exhibit substantially higher hardness than films containing other inorganic pigments. To prepare films exhibiting higher hardness within a shorter time, one may also use ZnO microparticles or ZnS. TiO2 and V2O5 were identified as pigments that either do not take part in the drying process or reduce the hardness of the resulting film.Practical implicationsThe investigated catalytic system pigment/Co(II) drier can be advantageously used to accelerate the formation of alkyd paints modified by natural oils both for industrial and decorative purposes. It was established that hardness of paint films containing ZnO nanoparticles is twice as high as that of films containing only the Co(II) drier without any pigment. This finding makes new applications of alkyd paints possible in all instances where higher hardness is required.Originality/valueConsidering pigments as heterogeneous catalysts in systems producing films by the oxypolymerising mechanism is a new approach that gives rise to new and original solutions.
Water absorption and ion exchange properties of some derivatives of peroxyacid viscose grade pulp
Authors: Nada A.M.A. , El‐Masry A.M.M. , El‐Torky A.M.M. , Abd El‐Aziz Yehia E.A. 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study some chemical reactions of viscose grade pulp (alpha cellulose around 96 per cent) prepared by preoxyacetic acid pulping of bagasse for the preparation of some cellulose derivatives.Design/methodology/approachViscose grade pulp was prepared by using ecological chemicals. The viscose grade pulp was subjected to some chemical reactions (e.g. carboxymethylation, cyanoethylation and phosphorylation reactions). The pulping and bleaching which are two important stages involved in the complex process of converting fibrous raw material (bagasse) into viscose grade pulp are also investigated in this paper.FindingsThe viscose pulp prepared by peroxyacid pulping of bagasse was subjected to a number of chemical reactions such as: hydrogel and fibrous carboxymethyl cellulose; cyanoethyl cellulose, in which this cyanoethylcellulose (of gel properties) was prepared, the hydrophobic character of the cyanoethylcellulose was changed into hydrophilic character via hydrolysis by NaOH (2.5 per cent w/v) which converts some of the CN groups into COOH; and cellulose phosphate. Infrared spectroscopy of these derivatives was studied. New bands were observed at 3,120, 2,251, 1,200 and 980 cm−1 which characterised to groups, respectively.Originality/valueThe paper documents the preparation of some cellulose derivatives which have high water absorption and can be used as hydrogel materials such as carboxymethyl and hydrolysed cyanoethyl cellulose and ion exchange properties.
Cointegration and error correction modelling of wheat consumption in Pakistan
Authors: Mukhtar Tahir , Tariq Javed Muhammad , Ilyas Muhammad 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to estimate the short and the long run wheat demand elasticities in Pakistan.Design/methodology/approachUsing cointegration and vector error correction model (VECM) techniques, the main objective of the study has been achieved.FindingsThe estimated long run and the short run elasticities suggest that income is the most significant determinant of wheat consumption in the long run while price of wheat is the major affecting factor of wheat consumption only in the short run.Practical implicationsThe estimated demand elasticites may be used for framing any future food security policy in Pakistan. The less elastic nature of wheat demand both in the short and the long run suggests that under the likely Doha Round agricultural trade liberalization, wheat price rise will harm the poor consumers.Originality/valueWheat demand elasticities are estimated within the framework of cointegration and VECM to differentiate short run and long run elasticities in Pakistan.
Reproductivity, capital theory, and objectivist ethics
Authors: Touchstone Kathleen 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss how reproductivity (child‐rearing) fits into ethics. It aims to use objectivist ethics (OE) specifically as the framework for considering this.Design/methodology/approachThe approach is conceptual in nature. Economic concepts are used to analyze and extend an ethical issue and the cardinal values within OE, which includes productive purpose, are reviewed.FindingsThe paper argues that reproductivity is sufficiently different from productivity to be a separate category. Then using the trader principle, the objectivist case for inheritance, and capital theory, the case is made that reproductivity is required of each person in the same sense that productivity is.Originality/valueThis is an original argument made by the author in Then Athena Said: Unilateral Transfers and the Transformation of Objectivist Ethics. In that work, reproductivity is linked to human capital replacement, depreciation, the sinking fund, and Irving Fisher's conception of standard income. This paper also relates it to permanent income. Also, the conclusions are more inclusive than those in the previous work in that other forms that the replacement of human capital can take in addition to reproduction are considered.
Retail e‐learning assessment: motivation, location, and prior experience
Authors: Hansen Jared M. , Levin Michael A. 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a more complete theoretical model of retail e‐learning assessment module use. The location (i.e. onsite versus offsite) of assessment and prior experience is treated as moderators between motivation/intention, uses, and value; and differences between subjective and objective value are investigated.Design/methodology/approachAn exploratory, semester‐long, single‐course experiment was conducted using students (n=37) from Mexico and the USA enrolled in a retail‐focused marketing course at a university located near the border between the two countries.FindingsExtrinsic and intrinsic motivations predict participants' use of e‐learning assessment modules. The objective and subjective value of assessment is strongly impacted by the individual's prior performance. Location of assessment moderator is significant.Research limitations/implicationsIn addition to focusing on intrinsic and extrinsic motivations, retailers should also consider the possibility that prior experience and location of assessment can affect use and value. Prior experience levels of the participants were found to affect use. Retailers are cautioned not to assume mistakenly that increased use of e‐learning assessment modules results in lower performance. Rather, people that performed better in the past are less likely to use the modules. It is also found that when individuals can take the assessments offsite (e.g. at home, on the road), there is a positive impact on both objective and subjective performance. Retailers should examine the potential of permitting employees to take assessments from home (over the internet) or other remote locations.Originality/valueThe paper highlights the fact that many retailers have adopted e‐learning assessment technologies that include options for either onsite assessment (e.g. kiosks/PCs in human resource/training rooms) or offsite assessment that operations management and corporate staff can perform outside the office. However, little is known about what motivates people to use e‐learning assessment, and how it affects performance across these two locations for assessment. Moreover, knowledge of how location of use influences the relationships is currently missing.
Projective techniques in US marketing and management research
Authors: Soley Lawrence 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the use of projective techniques for published marketing and management research in the USA. The paper emphasizes the influence that McClelland, Atkinson, Clark and Lowell's study, The Achievement Motive (1953), has had on subsequent research. That work applied quantitative analysis to responses obtained using projective techniques.Design/methodology/approachThe approaches used in this paper consist of descriptive historical methods and a literature review. The historical analysis was conducted using Kuhn's 1967 conception of paradigms, showing that the paradigm from which projective techniques emerged – psychoanalysis – failed to gather many adherents outside the discipline of psychology. The paradigm failed to gain adherents in US colleges of business, although there are some exceptions. One exception is managerial motivation research, which built on the traditions of The Achievement Motive. The literature review suggests that, despite lacking institutional bases that could be used to develop new adherents to the paradigm, projective techniques were used by a number of researchers, but this research was marginalized, criticized or misunderstood by adherents of the dominant paradigm, positivism.FindingsSome of the criticism directed at projective techniques research by positivists involves criticism of the paradigm's assumption that humans have an unconscious, and a belief that projective techniques are unreliable and invalid. This paper points out that a growing number of cognitive psychologists now accept the existence of an unconscious, and measure it using the “implicit association test.” This paper argues that the IAT is an associational test is the tradition of word association. Moreover, the literature review shows that projective techniques are much more reliable than critics contend, and exhibit greater predictive validity than many positivist instruments.Research limitations/implicationsAs with all literature reviews, this one does not include every published research study using projective techniques. As a consequence, the conclusions may not be generalizable to the studies excluded from the analysis.Originality/valueThe paper is one of the few to assemble the literature on projective techniques used in several disciplines, and draw conclusions from these about the applicability of the techniques to market research.
Narratives and metaphors in service development
Authors: Helkkula Anu , Pihlström Minna 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThe aim of this is to present a new combined, projective technique, the event‐based narrative inquiry technique (EBNIT), and analyze how it adds to traditional interviewing techniques in service development contexts for yielding new service ideas and evaluating current service.Design/methodology/approachThe paper proposes and tests the new EBNIT technique in three service development projects in the information and communication technology field. The technique combines principles from the narrative inquiry technique and critical incident technique (CIT) as well as the use of projective elements in the form of metaphors.FindingsMetaphors combined with lived critical and imaginary events helps to generate creative new service ideas. Customer experiences may be employed to interpret unspoken, tacit knowledge, which is beneficial when companies want to learn and create something new with the customer.Research limitations/implicationsMetaphors are necessary in order to find truly new, customer‐oriented ideas. Through imaginary events, narratives are linked to lived experiences and make new ideas concrete and focused on issues that are relevant for customers in their daily lives in a broad context. In contrast to using solely CIT, narratives result in a dialogue that includes social and cultural aspects of events.Originality/valueThe narrative inquiry technique has not traditionally been used in service development. The paper suggests that when combined with the CIT and metaphors, narrative analysis becomes a manageable technique, which can be implemented in different service and product development settings.
Exploring consumers' reactions towards innovative mobile services
Authors: Broeckelmann Philipp 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to show how projective techniques – in particular cartoon tests – give useful insights when used as a tool for conducting marketing research into innovative products and services. The paper presents results from four studies on mobile services that were conducted with cartoon tests.Design/methodology/approachUsing specially developed cartoon tests on four topics in the realm of innovative mobile services, 669 participants (mostly students) were individually and personally interviewed. Each participant was presented with exactly one cartoon test. Each cartoon test had three to four variations. Thus, consumers' reactions to different results of the confrontation with mobile services could be explored. Using content analysis, participants' projections were examined.FindingsCartoon tests are a useful research method for researching products and services that the general population are not yet familiar with. Furthermore, specific findings from consumers' confrontation with cartoon tests on mobile advertising, usage of mobile price comparison services and mobile shopping are presented.Originality/valueA well‐known, but – for the purposes of marketing research – rather seldom used method is applied to research on innovations. The paper shows that using projective techniques is fruitful to gain an understanding of consumers' latent attitudes and behavioral intentions towards mobile service innovations.
The role of information and communication technologies in using projective techniques as survey tools to meet the challenges of bounded rationality
Authors: Bond Derek , Ramsey Elaine 
Published: September 2010

PurposeNormal “mixed method” approaches to research – using standard quantitative surveys supported by qualitative methods such as semi‐structured interviews, often fail to measure issues “outside of the fence”. The purpose of this paper is to consider whether the challenges of bounded rationality can, in part, be addressed by including projective techniques within the “mixed methods” approach. In particular, it discusses the role of information and communication technologies (ICT) in such an approach.Design/methodology/approachThe results of an international pilot study into the use of projective techniques in assisting the evaluation of policies is outlined. The study is concerned with the response of small businesses to governments' policies aimed at encouraging the adoption of ICT. This is used as the basis of a discussion of the appropriateness of using ICT in such an approach.FindingsICT could play an important role in the use of projective techniques – including design; improving reliability and validity; distribution; analysis and interpretation.Research limitations/implicationsMuch more research is needed before the appropriateness of (ICT based) projective techniques can be assessed fully.Practical implicationsThe lessons learnt from this pilot study about the use of projective techniques as part of a “mixed methods” survey methodology was explored. In particular, the paper provides some practical suggestions as to how ICT might be used to reduce the overheads involved in implementing projective techniques.Originality/valueFor many people involved in traditional quantitative and qualitative research the usefulness and appropriateness of projective techniques have yet to be proven. This paper contributes some new thinking about how ICT might address some of the concerns over the suitability of projective techniques as part of a mixed methodology.
I spy with my little eye
Authors: Davidson Lorraine , Skinner Heather 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThe paper arose from an experienced qualitative market researcher's desire to challenge her working methodologies in analysing and interpreting data for commercial clients. Faced with tight deadlines, and working largely on her own, the researcher wished to consider if alternative working practices might be worth the necessary time investment and if outputs could actually be enhanced.Design/methodology/approachThis paper compares the results of projective techniques of qualitative data collection analysed manually with computer‐aided analysis of the same data. Four focus groups were set up. Various creative and projective techniques were incorporated into the groups in order to explore and test the boundaries of both the manual and computer‐based analysis data to the full.FindingsThe organisation of data was aided by the use of CAQDAS file management structure, but a general overview of the results was somewhat lost to the researcher. Moreover, visual rather than textual data do not lend itself to computer‐aided analysis, minimising their utility in analysing results from a wide range of projective techniques.Research limitations/implicationsWhile the objectivity of this introspective, reflective approach may be questionable, using a separate researcher to undertake different methods was neither deemed to enable a direct comparison of the process nor the experience, as seen reflectively through the eyes of the same researcher.Practical implicationsInsights can benefit other commercial market researchers who may be considering using CAQDAS.Originality/valueThe paper explores the analysis of data gathered using projective techniques – a recognised gap in the literature.
Corporate real estate management's credibility‐positioning status
Authors: Jalil Omar Abdul , Heywood Christopher 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to introduce concepts of branding applicable to the corporate real estate management (CREM) service and present early results of a study of branding concepts to address a credibility‐positioning problem in CREM.Design/methodology/approachThe paper presents case studies of CREM in Australia and Malaysia analysed from the branding perspective.FindingsIt is found that the CREM credibility‐positioning problem inside organisations depends not only on the technical performance of CREM service, but also involves the relationship between CREM and its customers.Research limitations/implicationsThese are the early results of a study limited to a few case studies selected from four industry sectors in two different countries. Further findings might explain cross‐cultural perceptions for CREM's credibility‐positioning in emerging and mature real estate markets.Practical implicationsThe research clearly identified the application of branding elements in CREM's relationship with customers. The findings of this paper are useful to CREM executives in increasing their credibility in their organisations.Originality/valueThe paper introduces branding theory as being useful and important in CREM practice.
Strategic infrastructure asset management: a conceptual framework to identify capabilities
Authors: Too Eric , Too Linda 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual framework that can be used to identify capabilities needed in the management of infrastructure assets.Design/methodology/approachThis paper utilises a qualitative approach to analyse secondary data in order to develop a conceptual framework that identifies capabilities for strategic infrastructure asset management.FindingsIn an external business environment that is undergoing rapid change, it is more appropriate to focus on factors internal to the organisation such as resources and capabilities as a basis to develop competitive advantage. However, there is currently very little understanding of the internal capabilities that are appropriate for infrastructure asset management. Therefore, a conceptual framework is needful to guide infrastructure organisations in the identification of capabilities.Research limitations/implicationsThis is a conceptual paper and future empirical research should be conducted to validate the propositions made in the paper.Practical implicationsThe paper clearly argues the need for infrastructure organisations to adopt a systematic approach to identifying the capabilities needed in the management of strategic infrastructure assets. The discussion on the impact of essential capabilities is useful in providing the impetus for managers who operate in a deregulated infrastructure business landscape to review their existing strategies.Originality/valueThe paper provides a new perspective on how asset managers can create value for their organisations by investing in the relevant capabilities.