bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infrared diode laser spectroscopy
Authors: Civiš S. , Cihelka J. , Matulková I. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThree types of lasers (double-heterostructure 66 K InAsSb/InAsSbP laser diode, room temperature, multi quantum wells with distributed feedback (MQW with DFB) (GaInAsSb/AlGaAsSb based) diode laser and vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) (GaSb based) have been characterized using Fourier transform emission spectroscopy and compared. The photoacoustic technique was employed to determine the detection limit of formaldehyde (less than 1 ppmV) for the strongest absorption line of the v3 + v5 band in the emission region of the GaInAsSb/AlGaAsSb diode laser. The detection limit (less than 10 ppbV) of formaldehyde was achieved in the 2820 cm−1 spectral range in case of InAsSb/InAsSbP laser (fundamental bands of v1, v5). Laser sensitive detection (laser absorption together with high resolution Fourier transform infrared technique including direct laser linewidth measurement, infrared photoacoustic detection of neutral molecules (methane, form-aldehyde) is discussed.Additionally, very sensitive laser absorption techniques of such velocity modulation are discussed for case of laser application in laboratory research of molecular ions. Such sensitive techniques (originally developed for lasers) contributed very much in identifying laboratory microwave spectra of a series of anions (C6H−, C4H−, C2H−, CN−) and their discovery in the interstellar space (C6H−, C4H−).
Comparing guided modal properties of surface waves along single- and double-negative indexed slab waveguides
Authors: Kim K. , Cho Y. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe guided dispersion characteristics of the fundamental symmetric and asymmetric modes of surface waves along single- and double-negative indexed slab waveguides are investigated, and a comparative analysis made when varying the single- and double-negative permittivity and permeability. While the values of the permittivity and permeability of the slab region are varied to obtain a salient picture of the guided dispersion characteristics, identical absolute product values are used for both slab cases to facilitate a reasonable comparison. In particular, in common ranges where guided mode solutions coexist for both the single- and double-negative indexed slabs, the guided mode characteristics are similar with a lower normalized frequency regime, indicating that the sign of the material parameters has a negligible effect, whereas the characteristics become quite different as the normalized frequency increases. Some other anomalous guided dispersion properties are also discussed and compared with previously reported results.
Self-assembly: mastering photonic processes at nanoscale
Authors: Fiorini C. , Charra F. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSupramolecular ordering happens as an important parameter for the control of light emission processes. In this review paper, we discuss several examples of application of self-assembly to the realization of nano-structures designed in view of mastering specific photonic processes. This comprises the formation of highly localized plasmon modes in self-organized 2D assemblies of metal nanoparticles, the immobilization of dyes inside highly homogeneous 2D alveolar self-assembled molecular matrices and molecular 3D building blocks designed to combine in-plane periodicity and off-plane π-conjugated protrusions. Finally, we will discuss 3D self-assembly in solution with the example of fluorescent labelling of DNA.
Sensitivity of imaging properties of metal-dielectric layered flat lens to fabrication inaccuracies
Authors: Kotyński R. , Baghdasaryan H. , Stefaniuk T. , Pastuszczak A. , Marciniak M. , Lavrinenko A. , Panajotov K. , Szoplik T. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe characterize the sensitivity of imaging properties of a layered silver-TiO2 flat lens to fabrication inaccuracies. The lens is designed for approximately diffraction-free imaging with subwavelength resolution at distances in the order of a wavelength. Its operation may be attributed to self-collimation with a secondary role of Fabry-Perot resonant transmission, even though the first order effective medium description of the structure is inaccurate. Super-resolution is maintained for a broad range of overall thicknesses and the total thickness of the multilayer is limited by absorption. The tolerance analysis indicates that the resolution and transmission efficiency are highly sensitive to small changes of layer thicknesses.
An Application of Low-Order Arma and Garch Models for Sea Level Fluctuations
Authors: Niedzielski Tomasz , Kosek Wieslaw 
Published: September 2010

An Application of Low-Order Arma and Garch Models for Sea Level FluctuationsThe paper presents the analysis of geographically-dependent irregular sea level fluctuations, often referred to as residual terms around deterministic signals, carried out by means of stochastic low-order autoregressive moving average (ARMA) and generalised autoregressive conditional heteroscedastic (GARCH) models. The gridded sea level anomaly (SLA) time series from TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P) and Jason-1 (J-1) satellite altimetry, commencing on 10th January 1993 and finishing on 14th July 2003, has been examined. The aforementioned models, limited to low-orders being combinations of 0,1 and 2, have been fitted to the SLA data. The root mean square and the Shapiro-Wilk test for the normal distribution have been used to calculate statistics of the residuals from these models. It has been found that autoregressive (AR) models as well as ARMA ones serve well the purpose of adequate modelling irregular sea level fluctuations, with a successful fit in some patchy bits of the equatorial Pacific. In contrast, GARCH models have been shown to be rather inaccurate, specifically in the vicinity of the tropical Pacific, in the North Pacific and in the equatorial Indian Ocean. The pattern of the Tropical Instability Waves (TIWs) has been noticed in the statistics of AR and ARMA model residuals indicating that the dynamics of these waves cannot be captured by the aforementioned linear stochastic processes.
Practical Use of the HOAC II for Clinical Decision Making and Subsequent Therapeutic Interventions in an Elite Athlete With Low Back Pain
Authors: Thoomes Erik J. , Schmitt Maarten S. 
Published: September 2010

Study Design Resident's case problem. Background This case report describes the diagnostic process, based on the Hypothesis-Oriented Algorithm for Clinicians II (HOAC II), and subsequent interventions in an elite athlete with subacute low back pain. It also demonstrates the clinical application of the HOAC II and shows how disablement terms, as used in the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health model, can be integrated into patient management in a manner that we believe enhances clinical practice. It also demonstrates the practical use of validated questionnaires and how these can be used to gather necessary information for the algorithm. Diagnosis A structured, evidence-based assessment led to a multifaceted, activity limitation-based diagnosis of being unable to (1) remain in a deep squat position during speed skating, (2) accelerate in turns while speed skating, and (3) rise from a slouched position without pain. We believed that these dysfunctions were due to local limited lumbar segmental mobility, concurrent with an inability to properly and functionally stabilize the lumbopelvic area. Discussion The HOAC II requires the therapist to develop an evidence-based strategy for the examination that is based on initial hypotheses developed from the medical history and other data obtained prior to the examination. The examination was tailored to identify and quantify activity limitations and participation restrictions that we believed could help to explain why this patient had his health problem. The case demonstrates how all elements of the HOAC II can be used for what we consider to be relatively common types of patients. We believe that by applying the HOAC II on an individual-patient basis, therapists will be ideally positioned to apply evidence to patient care and to defend their interventions to colleagues and third-party payers. Level of Evidence Differential diagnosis, level 4. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(2):108–117, Epub 17 September 2010. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.3353
Muscle Architecture Predicts Maximum Strength and Is Related to Activity Levels in Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Moreau Noelle G. , Simpson Kit N. , Teefey Sharlene A. , Damiano Diane L. 
Published: September 2010

Background
Muscle architecture is known to be predictive of muscle function. However, it is unknown whether this relationship is similar in children and adolescents with and without cerebral palsy (CP).

Objective
The objective of this study was to determine whether the architecture of the rectus femoris (RF) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscles was predictive of maximum voluntary knee extensor torque in children and adolescents with and without CP and whether these measures were related to activity and participation levels.

Design
A case-control design was used.

Methods
Eighteen participants with CP (mean age=12.0 years, SD=3.2) at Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels I through IV and 12 age-matched peers with typical development (mean age=12.3 years, SD=3.9) were evaluated. Muscle thickness, fascicle length, and fascicle angle of the RF and VL muscles were measured with 2-dimensional, B-mode ultrasound imaging. The activity and participation measures used for participants with CP were the Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument (PODCI) and the Activities Scale for Kids, Performance Version (ASKp).

Results
When age and GMFCS level were controlled for, VL muscle thickness was the best predictor of knee extensor isometric torque in the group with CP (R2=.85). This prediction was similar to the prediction from VL muscle thickness and age in participants with typical development (R2=.91). Rectus femoris muscle fascicle length was significantly correlated with the Sports and Physical Functioning Scale of the PODCI (ρ=.49), and VL muscle fascicle angle was correlated with the Transfers and Basic Mobility Scale of the PODCI (r=.47) and with ASKp Locomotion subdomain (r=.50).

Limitations
A limitation of this study was the small sample size.

Conclusions
Ultrasound measures of VL muscle thickness, adjusted for age and GMFCS level, were highly predictive of maximum torque and have the potential to serve as surrogate measures of voluntary strength (force-generating capacity) in children and adolescents with and without CP.
Potential barriers to the laparoscopic management of ectopic pregnancies: a regional UK study
Authors: Odejinmi Funlayo , Rizzuto Ivana , Ballard Karen D. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn this regional UK study across seven hospitals, we examined the potential barriers to undertaking a laparoscopic approach to the surgical management of ectopic pregnancies. Across the region 84% of surgically managed ectopic pregnancies were undertaken laparoscopically, although out of hours operating resulted in a higher rate of laparotomies. Trainees perceived themselves to be competent in carrying out laparoscopy for ectopic pregnancies and reported their training as adequate. Perceived barriers to training were a lack of operating time, service commitments, reduced working hours arising from the European working directive, and a lack of laboratory training facilities. In order to maintain and improve the laparoscopic rate for the management of ectopic pregnancies, it is necessary to ensure that trainees have more supervised operating time and better access to laboratory training facilities.
Massive subchorionic thrombohematoma: a series of 10 cases
Authors: Fung Tak Yuen , To Ka Fai , Sahota Daljit Singh , Chan Lin Wai , Leung Tak Yeung , Lau Tze Kin 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA retrospective audit identified 10 cases of massive idiopathic subchorionic thrombohematoma. The incidence was 1:3,133. Only six of these pregnancies resulted in a livebirth and only two reached term. In eight cases there were ultrasound abnormalities, including two cases of placentomegaly both of which resulted in a pregnancy loss. There was one placental abruption. Seven of the women were nulliparous. Massive subchorionic thrombohematoma is associated with poor pregnancy outcome. Ultrasound findings of placentomegaly might be a bad prognostic sign.
Risk factors in women 40 years of age and younger with endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Haidopoulos Dimitrios , Simou Maria , Akrivos Nikolaos , Rodolakis Alexandros , Vlachos Georgios , Fotiou Stelios , Sotiropoulou Maria , Thomakos Nikolaos , Biliatis Ioannis , Protopappas Athanasios , Antsaklis Aris 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjective. To identify and compare risk factors among endometrial cancer patients ≤40 years of age, postmenopausal women with the same malignancy and women ≤40 years without malignancy. Design. Retrospective case–control study. Setting. Athens University, department of obstetrics and gynecology of a tertiary hospital serving a mainly urban population. Population. Endometrial cancer patients ≤40 years (study group, n = 40), postmenopausal women with the same malignancy (positive controls, n = 40) and women ≤40 (negative controls, n = 40) without endometrial cancer. Methods. Clinical history, treatment and follow‐up of patients were evaluated. Factors studied included age, histology, stage, grade, lymphovascular space involvement, body mass index (BMI), cytology, lymph node status, parity, smoking, family history, hypertension recurrence and survival. Main outcome measures. Differences in risk factors and characteristics. Results. Nulliparity, smoking and hypertension were significantly related with endometrial cancer in the study group compared to positive controls (p = 0.001, p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively). BMI >30 significantly characterized patients in the study group compared to negative controls (p = 0.006). Finally, irregular menstruation and family history of cancer were observed more often in the study group compared to both control groups. Stage, grade, myometrial invasion, lymphovascular space involvement and lymph node status were comparable between the study and positive control groups. Conclusion. Nulliparity, obesity, unstable menstruation, smoking and cancer in the family are strongly correlated with endometrial cancer risk in women ≤40 years.
Paradigms, pragmatism and possibilities: mixed‐methods research in speech and language therapy
Authors: Glogowska Margaret 
Published: September 2010

Abstract Background: After the decades of the so‐called ‘paradigm wars’ in social science research methodology and the controversy about the relative place and value of quantitative and qualitative research methodologies, ‘paradigm peace’ appears to have now been declared. This has come about as many researchers have begun to take a ‘pragmatic’ approach in the selection of research methodology, choosing the methodology best suited to answering the research question rather than conforming to a methodological orthodoxy. With the differences in the philosophical underpinnings of the two traditions set to one side, an increasing awareness, and valuing, of the ‘mixed‐methods’ approach to research is now present in the fields of social, educational and health research. Aims: To explore what is meant by mixed‐methods research and the ways in which quantitative and qualitative methodologies and methods can be combined and integrated, particularly in the broad field of health services research and the narrower one of speech and language therapy. Main contribution: The paper discusses the ways in which methodological approaches have already been combined and integrated in health services research and speech and language therapy, highlighting the suitability of mixed‐methods research for answering the typically multifaceted questions arising from the provision of complex interventions. The challenges of combining and integrating quantitative and qualitative methods and the barriers to the adoption of mixed‐methods approaches are also considered. Conclusions & Implications: The questions about healthcare, as it is being provided in the 21st century, calls for a range of methodological approaches. This is particularly the case for human communication and its disorders, where mixed‐methods research offers a wealth of possibilities. In turn, speech and language therapy research should be able to contribute substantively to the future development of mixed‐methods research.
Negotiation of identity in group therapy for aphasia: the Aphasia Café
Authors: Simmons‐Mackie Nina , Elman Roberta J. 
Published: September 2010

Background: There has been increasing interest in ensuring that aphasia intervention includes attention to the negotiation of a robust identity after the life‐altering changes that often accompany the onset of aphasia. But how does one go about simultaneously improving communication and positive identity development within aphasia therapy? Socially oriented group therapy for aphasia has been touted as one means of addressing both psychosocial and communicative goals in aphasia. Aims: This article describes the results of a sociolinguistic analysis of group therapy for aphasia in which positive personal and group identity are skilfully negotiated. Methods & Procedures: Sociolinguistic microanalysis of discourse in a group therapy session was undertaken. The session, described as group conversation therapy, included eight adults with aphasia, a speech–language pathologist and an assistant. The session was videotaped and transcribed, and the data were analysed to identify ‘indices of identity’ within the discourse. This included discourse that exposed members' roles, values or beliefs about themselves or others. The data were further analysed to identify ‘patterns’ of discourse associated with identity. The result is a detailed description of identity‐enhancing discourse within group therapy for aphasia. Outcomes & Results: The findings included several categories associated with the negotiation of identity in therapy including: (1) discourse demonstrating that group members were ‘being heard’, (2) that the competence of group members was assumed, (3) that ‘solidarity’ existed in the group, (4) that saving face and promoting positive personal identity was important, and (5) that markers of group identity were made visible via discourse that referenced both member inclusion as well as non‐member exclusion. Conclusions & Implications: The results suggest that it is possible to create identity‐enhancing interactions as part of therapy for aphasia; the analysis demonstrates the potential role of the group leader/clinician in managing identity negotiation in aphasia therapy.
Cerebral watershed hypoperfusion in subarachnoid hemorrhage: computed tomography perfusion analysis
Authors: Lanterna Luigi Andrea , Lunghi Alessandro , Martchenko Svetlana , Gritti Paolo , Bonaldi Giuseppe , Biroli Francesco 
Published: September 2010

Object
A better understanding of the pathophysiology of vasospasm-induced delayed cerebral ischemia and earlier detection of hypoperfusion before ischemic injury are needed to guide therapy in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The cerebrovascular physiology of the major arterial territories differs from that of the watershed zones (WZs) in a way that would suggest a differential topographic sensitivity of the brain to vasospasm. The primary end point of the study was to investigate the vasospasm-induced hypoperfusion in relation to cerebrovascular topography and timing from the onset of SAH.

Methods
Forty-one patients were prospectively enrolled and scheduled for perfusion-weighted (PW) CT at 3 time points (≤ 3 days, Days 4–8, and Days 9–15 after SAH). Perfusion-weighted CT maps were visually assessed for side-to-side perfusion asymmetry. The PW CT topographic pattern was categorized into absence of asymmetry, WZ, and vascular territory hypoperfusion. Perfusion-weighted CT revision was performed by investigators blinded to clinical information. The null hypothesis for the primary end point was that there would be no difference in hypoperfusion space-time distribution among the different vascular territories. Multivariate logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards modeling were used for statistical analysis.

Results
Delayed cerebral ischemia occurred in 26 patients and its predicting variables were increasing age (p = 0.045), Fisher grade (p = 0.007), and hypoperfusion on the PW CT performed within the 1st 72 hours after SAH (p = 0.004). The timing of the PW CT with respect to the day of SAH affected the topographic pattern of hypoperfusion: watershed-zone hypoperfusion was more common within the first 3 days after SAH (p = 0.018), while the proportion of territorial hypoperfusion increased subsequently. Among the different covariates, a young age was independently associated with a higher risk of developing hypoperfusion in the WZs (p = 0.02).

Conclusions
This study suggests the existence of a cerebral topographic heterogeneity to the hemodynamic effects of SAH and differential pathogenetic mechanisms of hypoperfusion according to timing, age, and brain topography. Hypoperfusion in the WZs may be an early precursor to more profound ischemic events. The PW CT detection of such brain-sensitive zones could offer a warning signal of the early hemodynamic effects of SAH and cerebral vasospasm.
Morphologically cryptic biological species within the liverwort Frullania asagrayana
Authors: Ramaiya Megan , Johnson Matthew G. , Shaw Blanka , Heinrichs Jochen , Hentschel Jörn , von Konrat Matt , Davison Paul G. , Shaw A. Jonathan 
Published: September 2010

• Premise of the study: The Frullania tamarisci complex includes eight Holarctic liverwort species. One of these, F. asagrayana, is distributed broadly throughout eastern North America from Canada to the Gulf Coast. Preliminary genetic data suggested that the species includes two groups of populations. This study was designed to test whether the two groups are reproductively isolated biological species.• Methods: Eighty‐eight samples from across the range of F. asagrayana, plus 73 samples from one population, were genotyped for 13 microsatellite loci. Sequences for two plastid loci and nrITS were obtained from 13 accessions. Genetic data were analyzed using coalescent models and Bayesian inference.• Key results: Frullania asagrayana is sequence‐invariant at the two plastid loci and ITS2, but two clear groups were resolved by microsatellites. The two groups are largely reproductively isolated, but there is a low level of gene flow from the southern to the northern group. No gene flow was detected in the other direction. A local population was heterogeneous but displayed strong genetic structure.• Conclusions: The genetic structure of F. asagrayana in eastern North America reflects morphologically cryptic differentiation between reproductively isolated groups of populations, near‐panmixis within groups, and clonal propagation at local scales. Reproductive isolation between groups that are invariant at the level of nucleotide sequences shows that caution must be exercised in making taxonomic and evolutionary inferences from reciprocal monophyly (or lack thereof) between putative species.