bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between sleep and acid gastro‐oesophageal reflux in neonates
Authors: AMMARI MOHAMED , DJEDDI DJAMAL , LÉKÉ ANDRÉ , DELANAUD STÉPHANE , STÉPHAN‐BLANCHARD ERWAN , BACH VÉRONIQUE , TELLIEZ FRÉDÉRIC 
Published: March 2011

SummaryThe aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of gastro‐oesophageal acid reflux on sleep in neonates and, reciprocally, the influence of wakefulness (W) and sleep stages on the characteristics of the reflux (including the retrograde bolus migration of oesophageal acid contents). The pH and multichannel intraluminal impedance were measured during nocturnal polysomnography in 25 infants hospitalised for suspicion of gastro‐oesophageal reflux. Two groups were constituted according to whether or not the infants displayed gastro‐oesophageal reflux (i.e. a reflux group and a control group). There were no differences between the reflux and control groups in terms of sleep duration, sleep structure and sleep state change frequency. Vigilance states significantly influenced the gastro‐oesophageal reflux pattern: the occurrence of gastro‐oesophageal reflux episodes was greater during W (59 ± 32%) and active sleep (AS; 35 ± 30%) than during quiet sleep (QS; 6 ± 11%), whereas the mean duration of gastro‐oesophageal reflux episodes was higher in QS than in W and AS. The percentage of retrograde bolus migrations of distal oesophageal acid content was significantly higher in AS (62 ± 26%) than in W (42 ± 26%) and QS (4.5 ± 9%). In neonates, gastro‐oesophageal reflux occurred more frequently during W, whereas the physiological changes associated with sleep state increase the physiopathological impact of the gastro‐oesophageal reflux. The duration of oesophagus–acid contact was greater during sleep; AS facilitated the retrograde migration of oesophageal acid content, and QS was characterised by the risk of prolonged acid mucosal contact.
Farming termites determine the genetic population structure ofTermitomycesfungal symbionts
Authors: NOBRE TÂNIA , FERNANDES CECÍLIA , BOOMSMA JACOBUS J. , KORB JUDITH , AANEN DUUR K. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSymbiotic interactions between macrotermitine termites and their fungal symbionts have a moderate degree of specificity. Consistent with horizontal symbiont transmission, host switching has been frequent over evolutionary time so that single termite species can often be associated with several fungal symbionts. However, even in the few termite lineages that secondarily adopted vertical symbiont transmission, the fungal symbionts are not monophyletic. We addressed this paradox by studying differential transmission of fungal symbionts by alate male and female reproductives, and the genetic population structure ofTermitomycesfungus gardens across 74 colonies ofMacrotermes bellicosusin four west and central African countries. We confirm earlier, more limited, studies showing that theTermitomycessymbionts ofM. bellicosusare normally transmitted vertically and clonally by dispersing males. We also document that the symbionts associated with this termite species belong to three main lineages that do not constitute a monophyletic group. The most common lineage occurs over the entire geographical region that we studied, including west, central and southern Africa, where it is also associated with the alternative termite hostsMacrotermes subhyalinusandMacrotermes natalensis. WhileTermitomycesassociated with these alternative hosts are horizontally transmitted and recombine freely, the genetic population structure of the sameTermitomycesassociated withM. bellicosusis consistent with predominantly clonal reproduction and only occasional recombination. This implies that the genetic population structure ofTermitomycesis controlled by the termite host and not by theTermitomycessymbiont.
Nitrate uptake along the maize primary root: an integrated physiological and molecular approach
Authors: SORGONÀ AGOSTINO , LUPINI ANTONIO , MERCATI FRANCESCO , DI DIO LUIGI , SUNSERI FRANCESCO , ABENAVOLI MARIA ROSA 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTThe spatial variability of the nitrate (NO3‐) uptake along the maize primary root axis was investigated at physiological and molecular levels. Net NO3‐ uptake rate (NNUR) and its kinetic parameters, together with the gene expression of a high‐affinity NO3‐ transporter (NRT2.1), were evaluated. The activity and the expression of plasma membrane H+‐ATPase (PM H+‐ATPase), key enzyme in plant nutrition, were also analysed. The NNUR showed a heterogeneous spatial pattern along the root, where the regions closer to the root tip early exhibited higher capacity to absorb NO3‐ than the basal regions, because of a higher maximum NNUR and faster induction of the inducible high‐affinity transport system (iHATS), the presence of the high‐affinity transport system (HATS) also at external NO3‐ concentrations >100 µm and an improved NO3‐ transport because of lower Km values. ZmNRT2.1 transcript abundances were not spatially correlated with NNUR, suggesting that post‐translational effects or NAR2 protein co‐expression could be involved. By contrast, PM H+‐ATPase displayed a similar spatial–temporal pattern as that of nitrate uptake, resulting in higher activity in the root tip than in the basal regions. Increased activities of the enzyme after nitrate supply resulted in enhanced expression of MAH3 and MAH4, PM H+‐ATPase subfamily II genes, while MAH1 was not expressed.
Transpiration from shoots triggers diurnal changes in root aquaporin expression
Authors: SAKURAI‐ISHIKAWA JUNKO , MURAI‐HATANO MARI , HAYASHI HIDEHIRO , AHAMED ARIFA , FUKUSHI KEIKO , MATSUMOTO TADASHI , KITAGAWA YOSHICHIKA 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTRoot hydraulic conductivity (Lpr) and aquaporin amounts change diurnally. Previously, these changes were considered to be spontaneously driven by a circadian rhythm. Here, we evaluated the new hypothesis that diurnal changes could be triggered and enhanced by transpirational demand from shoots. When rice plants were grown under a 12 h light/12 h dark regime, Lpr was low in the dark and high in the light period. Root aquaporin mRNA levels also changed diurnally, but the amplitudes differed among aquaporin isoforms. Aquaporins, such as OsPIP2;1, showed moderate changes, whereas root‐specific aquaporins, such as OsPIP2;5, showed temporal and dramatic induction around 2 h after light initiation. When darkness was extended for 12 h after the usual dark period, no such induction was observed. Furthermore, plants under 100% relative humidity (RH) showed no induction even in the presence of light. These results suggest that transpirational demand triggers a dramatic increase in gene expressions such as OsPIP2;5. Immunocytochemistry showed that OsPIP2;5 accumulated on the proximal end of the endodermis and of the cell surface around xylem. The strong induction by transpirational demand and the polar localization suggest that OsPIP2;5 contributes to fine adjustment of radial water transport in roots to sustain high Lpr during the day.
Stagnant deoxygenated growth enhances root suberization and lignifications, but differentially affects water and NaCl permeabilities in rice (Oryza sativa L.) roots
Authors: RANATHUNGE KOSALA , LIN JINXING , STEUDLE ERNST , SCHREIBER LUKAS 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTIt has been shown that rice roots grown in a stagnant medium develop a tight barrier to radial oxygen loss (ROL), whereas aerated roots do not. This study investigated whether the induction of a barrier to ROL affects water and solute permeabilities. Growth in stagnant medium markedly reduced the root growth rate relative to aerated conditions. Histochemical studies revealed an early deposition of Casparian bands (CBs) and suberin lamellae (SL) in both the endodermis (EN) and exodermis, and accelerated lignification of stagnant roots. The absolute amounts of suberin, lignin and esterified aromatics (coumaric and ferulic acid) in these barriers were significantly higher in stagnant roots. However, correlative permeability studies revealed that early deposition of barriers in stagnant roots failed to reduce hydraulic conductivity (Lpr) below those of aerated roots. In contrast to Lpr, the NaCl permeability (Psr) of stagnant roots was markedly lower than that of aerated roots, as indicated by an increased reflection coefficient (σsr). In stagnant roots, Psr decreased by 60%, while σsr increased by 55%. The stagnant medium differentially affected the Lpr and Psr of roots, which can be explained in terms of the physical properties of the molecules used and the size of the pores in the apoplast.
Reduction–oxidation network for flexible adjustment of cellular metabolism in photoautotrophic cells
Authors: SCHEIBE RENATE , DIETZ KARL‐JOSEF 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTPhotosynthesis generates the energy carriers NADPH and ATP to be consumed in assimilatory processes. Continuous energy conversion and optimal use of the available light energy are only guaranteed when all reduction–oxidation (redox) processes are tightly controlled. A robust network links metabolism with regulation and signalling. Information on the redox situation is generated and transferred by various redox components that are parts of this network. Any imbalance in the network is sensed, and the information is transmitted in order to elicit a response at the various levels of regulation and in the different cellular compartments. Redox information within the chloroplast is derived from intersystem electron transport, the ferredoxin‐NADP oxidoreductase (FNR)/NADPH branch of the redox network, the thioredoxin branch and from reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in a high diversity of responses that are able to adjust photosynthesis, as well as poising and antioxidant systems accordingly in each specific situation. Glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) represents a central step in CO2 reduction and in carbohydrate oxidation involving both forms of energy, namely NAD(P)H and ATP, with its various isoforms that are located in plastids, cytosol and nucleus. GAPDH is used as an example to demonstrate complexity, flexibility and robustness of the regulatory redox network in plants.
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius exfoliative toxin EXI selectively digests canine desmoglein 1 and causes subcorneal clefts in canine epidermis
Authors: Iyori Keita , Futagawa‐Saito Keiko , Hisatsune Junzo , Yamamoto Masahiko , Sekiguchi Maiko , Ide Kaori , Son Won‐Geun , Olivry Thierry , Sugai Motoyuki , Fukuyasu Tsuguaki , Iwasaki Toshiroh , Nishifuji Koji 
Published: March 2011

AbstractStaphylococcal exfoliative toxins are known to digest desmoglein (Dsg) 1, a desmosomal cell–cell adhesion molecule, thus causing intraepidermal splitting in human bullous impetigo, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome and swine exudative epidermitis. Recently, a novel exfoliative toxin gene (exi), whose sequence shares significant homology with previously identified exfoliative toxins, was isolated from Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. Little is known about the pathogenic involvement of this toxin in canine pustular diseases such as impetigo. The aim of this study was to determine whether EXI, the product of the exi gene, digests canine Dsg1 and causes intraepidermal splitting in canine skin. An exi gene was isolated from chromosomal DNA of an S. pseudintermedius strain obtained from a pustule of a dog with impetigo, and was used to produce a recombinant EXI by Escherichia coli expression. When purified recombinant EXI was injected intradermally into normal dogs, it caused the development of vesicles or erosions with superficial epidermal splitting. In addition, the EXI abolished immunofluorescence for Dsg1, but not for Dsg3, at the injection sites. Moreover, the EXI directly degraded baculovirus‐secreted recombinant extracellular domains of canine Dsg1, but not that of canine Dsg3, in vitro. The EXI also degraded mouse Dsg1α and swine Dsg1, but not human Dsg1, mouse Dsg1β and Dsg1γ. Conversely, recombinant SIET, previously designated as S. intermedius exfoliative toxin, did not cause intraepidermal splitting or degradation of any Dsgs. These findings indicate that EXI has a proteolytic activity that digests canine Dsg1, and this characteristic might be involved in the pathogenesis of intraepidermal splitting in canine impetigo.
Molecular biological and immunohistological characterization of canine dermal papilla cells and the evaluation of culture conditions
Authors: Kobayashi Tetsuro , Fujisawa Akiko , Amagai Masayuki , Iwasaki Toshiroh , Ohyama Manabu 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe dermal papilla (DP) plays pivotal roles in hair follicle morphogenesis and cycling. However, our understanding of the biology of the canine DP is extremely limited. The aim of this study was to elucidate molecular biological and immunohistochemical characteristics of canine DP cells and determine appropriate conditions for in vitro expansion. Histological investigation revealed that the canine DP expressed biomarkers of human and rodent DP, including alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and versican. When microdissected, canine DP, but not fibroblasts, strongly expressed the DP‐related genes for alkaline phosphatase, Wnt inhibitory factor 1 and lymphoid enhancer‐binding factor 1, confirming successful isolation. The growth rate of isolated canine DP cells was moderate in conventional culture conditions for rodent and human DP; however, AmnioMAX‐C100 complete medium allowed more efficient cultivation. Dermal papilla marker gene expression was maintained in early passage cultured DP cells, but gradually lost after the third passage. Approaches to mimic the in vivo DP environment in culture, such as supplementation of keratinocyte‐conditioned medium or use of extracellular matrix‐coated dishes, moderately ameliorated loss of DP gene expression in canine DP cells. It is possible that constituent factors in AmnioMAX may influence culture. These findings suggested that further refinements of culture conditions may enable DP cell expansion without impairing intrinsic properties and, importantly, demonstrated that AmnioMAX‐cultured early passage canine DP cells partly maintained the biological characteristics of in vivo canine DP cells. This study provides crucial information necessary for further optimization of culture conditions of canine DP.
Polymorphisms at growth‐hormone and prolactin loci in Indian cattle and buffalo
Authors: Mitra A. , Schlee P. , Balakrishnan C. R. , Pirchner F. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryA total of 57 Indian Sahiwal (Bos indicus) cattle and 53 Murrah and 19 Nili‐Ravi (Bubalus bubalis) buffalo were screened using PCR/RFLP to detect the following alleles at growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) loci: leucine/valine (L/V) for GH/AluI (amino acid 127), (+/+) for GH/MspI (intron III), and A/B for PRL/RsaI (amino acid 103). Among Sahiwal cattle, gene frequencies were 0.96/0.04 (GH/AluI), 0.86/0.14 (GH/MspI), and 0.49/0.51 (PRL/RsaI). In buffalo, animals of both breeds were homozygous for GH loci (LL, ++). In Egyptian buffalo, 11 samples were also monomorphic, indicating that monomorphism at these two loci may be a species characteristic of buffalo. PRL/RsaI frequencies were 0.93/0.07 and 0.84/0.16 in Murrah and Nili‐Ravi buffalo, respectively.ZusammenfassungBei insgesamt 57 indischen Sahiwal (Bos indicus) und 53 Murrah und Nili‐Ravi Büffeln (Bubalus bubalis) wurde mit PCR/RFLP auf die folgenden Polymorphismen des Wachstumshormon‐ (GH) und Prolaktingens (PRL) untersucht: L/V für GH/AluI (Austausch Leucin/Valin der Aminosäure 127), (‐/+) für GH/MspI (Intron III) und A/B für PRL/RsaI (Aminosäure 103). Bei Sahiwal waren die Genfrequenzen 0,96/0,04 (GH/AluI), 0,86/0,14 (GH/MspI) und 0,49/0,51 (PRL/RsaI). Bei den Büffeln waren die Tiere beider Rassen — wie auch 11 ägyptische Büffel — homozygot für die GH Loci (LL, ++), was darauf hinweist, daß Büffel monomorph an beiden Schnittstellen sind. Die Frequenzen für PRL/RsaI betrugen 0,93/0,07 und 0,84/0,16 bei den Murrah and Nili‐Ravi Büffeln.
Chromosome banding and gene conservation between humans and pigs
Authors: Graphodatsky A. S. , Biltueva L. S. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryA total of 13 regions of sub‐banding homology were observed between human and pig autosomal segments known to have identical gene assignments. This analysis indicates that these regions are the same as those previously identified in comparative analyses of human and carnivore chromosomes.ZusammenfassungCbromosomenbänderung und Genkonservierung zwischen Mensch und SchweinInsgesamt 13 ausgewählte Regionen von Subband‐Homologien mit identischen Genzuweisungen zwischen autosomen Mensch‐ und Schweinechromosomen wurden untersucht. Diese Analyse weist darauf hin, dass die entsprechenden Regionen homolog sind und in einer entsprechenden Studie diese Homologien zwischen Mensch‐ und Carnivore‐Chromosomen bereits früher festgestellt wurden.RésuméBandes chromosomiques et conservation des génes entre hommes et porcsSur des segments autosomes de l'être humain et du porc, auxquels des gènes identiques avaient été assignés, 13 régions de sous‐bandes ont été observées. Cette analyse démontre que ces régions sont les mêmes que celles identifiées antérieurement lors d'analyses comparatives entre les chromosomes de l'être humain et ceux des carnossiers.
Erbgang der Carbonanhydrase, Esterase D, Malatdehydrogenase und Malicenzym in Wasserbüffeln Südostasiens
Authors: Sreetharan Von K. , Mukherjee T. K. , Halbeisen C. , Leopold S. 
Published: March 2011

ZusammenfassungDie Schätzung der genetischen Distanz zwischen Wasserbüffelpopulationen Bubalus bubalis verdeutlicht deren genetische Vielfalt. Genetische Distanzen können mit Hilfe von Allelfrequenzen polymorpher Loci geschätzt werden.In dieser Arbeit wurde die Zellulose‐Acetat‐Electrophorese benutzt, um polymorphe Loci zu identifizieren. Nur vier der untersuchten Loci waren polymorph. Eine Familienstudie bestätigte ihre Vererbung gemäß der Mendel'schen Regeln.Ergebnisse dieser Familienstudie zeigen, daß die Loci CA, ES‐D, MDH und ME auf Autosomen liegen. CA und ES‐D weisen zwei kodominante Allele beziehungsweise ein rezessives Null‐Allel auf. Es handelt sich dabei um CA100, CA98, CA0 sowie ES‐D100, ES‐D98 und ES‐D0.Das Enzymsystem MDH hat zwei kodominante Allele, MDH100 und MDH98, während der Locus für ME drei kodominante Allele ME102, ME100 und ME98 besitzt.SummaryInheritance of carbonicanhydrase, esterase D, malate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme in South‐east Asian waterbuffaloThe estimation of genetic distances among populations of water buffalo bubalus bubalis sheds light on their genetic diversity. Genetic distances can be estimated based on the allele frequencies of polymorphic loci.In this study, cellulose acetate electrophoresis was used to screen the polymorphic loci. Only four loci were variable. A family study confirmed that these loci were under Mendelian genetic control.Results of the family study show that the loci, CA, ES‐D, MDH and ME are autosomal. Two codominant alleles and one recessive null allele are found in the CA and ES‐D loci, respectively, i.e. CA100, CA98, CA0, ES‐D100, ES‐D98, ES‐D0.The MDH locus has two codominant alleles, MDH100 and MDH98, while the ME locus contains three codominant alleles, ME102, ME100 and ME98.
Association of DNA polymorphism in the growth‐hormone gene with basal‐plasma growth‐hormone concentration and production traits in pigs
Authors: Nielsen V. H. , Larsen N. J. , Agergaard N. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryAssociation of a polymorphism in the growth‐hormone (GH) gene with daily gain, meat and fat percentage, and with the regression of basal‐plasma‐GH concentration on age and weight, respectively, was studied in 75 unrelated pigs from four Danish breeds. The polymorphism was detected as a double‐strand‐conformation polymorphism and was assumed to be caused by an adenine being swapped with a thymine in the TATA box in the GH promoter. The estimates of the gene frequencies were significantly different among breeds. Breeds differed significantly for daily gain, but the additive effect of the TATA alleles on daily gain was not significantly different from zero, although the difference between the two alternative homozygotes was about half a phenotypic standard deviation. Both the regressions of basal‐plasma‐GH concentration on age and on weight differed significantly among breeds, and the TATA alleles significantly influenced both regression coefficients. The results suggest that the GH gene is a quantitative trait locus for growth rate.ZusammenfassungZusammenhang zwischen DNA‐Polymorphismus im Wachstumshormon‐Gen und Plasma‐Wachstumshormonspiegel sowie Leistungsmerkmalen von SchweinenDer Zusammenhang zwischen einem Polymorphismus im Gen des Wachstumshormons (pGH) und dem Tageszuwachs, Magerfleischbzw. Fettanteil und der Regression von basaler pGH‐Konzentration auf Alter und Gewicht wurde in 75 nicht verwandten Schweinen dänischer Rassen untersucht. Der Polymorphismus wurde als ‘double strand conformational polymorphism’ festgestellt und auf den Austausch von einem Adenin durch ein Thymin in der TATA‐Box des pGH‐Promoters zurükgeführt. Die Genfrequenzen waren zwischen den Rassen signifikant verschieden. Die Rassen variierten signifikant für Tageszuwachs, der Einflußder TATA‐Allele auf Tageszuwachs war aber von Null nicht signifikant verschieden, obwohl der Unterschied zwischen den zwei alternativen Homozygoten etwa die Hälfe einer phänotypischen Standard‐abweichung war. Die Regression von basaler pGH‐Konzentration auf Alter und auf Gewicht variierte signifikant zwischen Rassen und die TATA‐Allele hatten einen signifikanten Einflußauf beide Regressionskoeffizienten. Die Ergebnisse lassen vermuten, daßdas pGH‐Gen ein quantitativer Merkmallocus (QTL) für Wachstum ist.
The influence of selection on reaction to stress in mice. III. Influence of fasting, immobilization and exposure to cold on lactate dehydrogenase and aldolase activity in the liver and kidney
Authors: Kolataj A. , Rysińska J. , Flak P. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryThe experiment was conducted on 6‐week‐old mice selected for a high rate of body‐weight gain. Model stressors were used: fasting for 24 and 48 h, immobilization for 12 and 48 h, and cooling, i.e. reducing outside temperature to +5°C, over 12 h. Measurements were made of the level of glucose in blood, the aldolase activity and the LDH activity in the liver and kidney, and the level of total protein. After 48 h of fasting, the weight of the body, liver and spleen decreased. Fasting and immobilization caused a decrease in the level of blood glucose and in the activity of aldolase and LDH, which was more marked in selected mice. The cold exposure increased the blood‐serum glucose level. The results presented suggest that mice selected for a high rate of body weight gain seem to be less resistant to unfavorable environmental factors — fasting, immobilization and cooling — than the unselected animals.ZusammenfassungEinflußder Selektion auf Stressreaktion bei MäusenNach 48‐stündigen Hungern kommt es bei Mäusen zu einer Abnahme des Körpergewichtes sowie des Leber‐und Milz gewichtes. Nach 48 Studen Hunger sowie bei Immobilisierung wurde einen Abfall des Blutglukosespiegels, weiter auch eine Abnahme der LDH‐und Aldolaseaktivität in Leber und Niere, insbesonderes bei den selektierten Tieren, beobachtet. Nach 12 stündige Kühlung bei +5°C kommt es zu einem Anstieg der Blutglukosespiegel. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daßselektierte Tiere empfindlicher als Kontrolltiere gegen Belastungen sind.