bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insurance Status and the Care of Adult Patients 19 to 64 Years of Age Visiting the Emergency Department
Authors: Mannix Rebekah , Stack Anne M. , Chiang Vincent 
Published: June 2012

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2012; 19:808–815 © 2012 by the Society for Academic Emergency MedicineAbstractObjectives:  The objective was to determine whether insurance status is associated with the care of patients presenting to the emergency department (ED).Methods:  This was a retrospective cross‐sectional analysis of ED visits using data from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS; 1999 through 2008). Patients 19 to 64 years of age were categorized as having private insurance, public insurance, or no insurance as their primary insurance. Six components of ED care were assessed: wait time, left prior to discharge, use of diagnostic testing, treatment, instructions for follow‐up, and whether the patient had been seen in the past 72 hours.Results:  Nonprivate insurance status was associated with all six components of ED care, including higher proportions of leaving before discharge of patients with public insurance (4.1%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.8% to 4.5%) versus patients with no insurance (4.7%, 95% CI = 4.2% to 5.1%) or private insurance (2.2%, 95% CI = 2.0% to 2.4%; p < 0.001). It was also associated with a higher proportion of return visits with 5.1% (95% CI = 4.6% to 5.6%) of patients with public insurance versus 4.7% (95% CI = 4.1% to 4.6%) of patients with no insurance versus 3.8% (95% CI = 3.5% to 4.2%) of patients with private insurance (p < 0.001). Patients with public or no insurance also had decreased odds of ED testing compared to those with private insurance (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] for public = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.80 to 0.88; and AOR for none = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.79 to 0.86).Conclusions:  Nonprivate insurance status is associated with different care patterns in adults aged 19 to 64 years visiting the ED. Further studies are needed to evaluate how these disparate care patterns affect health outcomes.
Association between prolonged breast‐feeding and early childhood caries: a hierarchical approach
Authors: Nunes Ana Margarida Melo , Alves Claudia Maria Coelho , Borba de Araújo Fernando , Ortiz Tânia Mara Lopes , Ribeiro Marizélia Rodrigues Costa , Silva Antônio Augusto Moura da , Ribeiro Cecília Claudia Costa 
Published: June 2012

AbstractObjectivesThis study was conducted to investigate the association between prolonged breastfeeding and early childhood caries(ECC) with adjustment for important confounders, using hieraschical approach.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study involved 260 low‐income children (18–42 months). The number of decayed teeth was used as a measure of caries. Following a theoretical framework, the hierarchical model was built in a forward fashion, by adding the following levels in succession: level 1: age; level 2: social variables; level 3: health variables; level 4: behavioral variables; level 5: oral hygiene–related variables; level 6: oral hygiene quality measured by visible plaque; and level 7: contamination by mutans streptococci. Sequential forward multiple Poisson regression analysis was employed.ResultsBreast‐feeding was not a risk factor for ECC after adjustment for some confounders (incidence density ratio, 1.15; 95% confidence interval, 0.84–1.59, P = 0.363).ConclusionProlonged breast‐feeding was not a risk factor for ECC while age, high sucrose comption between main meals and the quality of oral higiene were associated with disease in children.
Expression of cancer stem cell markers ALDH1 and Bmi1 in oral erythroplakia and the risk of oral cancer
Authors: Feng Jin‐Qiu , Xu Zi‐Yuan , Shi Lin‐Jun , Wu Lan , Liu Wei , Zhou Zeng‐Tong 
Published: June 2012

J Oral Pathol Med (2013)42: 148–153Background:  Oral erythroplakia (OE) is a notoriously aggressive oral pre‐malignant lesion with a high tendency to oral cancer development, but its biological behavior is largely unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the expression of cancer stem cell markers ALDH1 and Bmi1 in OE and their correlation with malignant transformation of OE.Methods:  In a retrospective case–control study, expression patterns of ALDH1 and Bmi1 were determined using immunohistochemistry in samples from 34 patients with OE, including patients with untransformed lesions (n = 17) and patients with malignant transformed lesions (n = 17).Results:  ALDH1 and Bmi1 expression was observed in 19 (55.9%) and 20 (58.8%) of 34 patients with OE, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that ALDH1 expression was significantly associated with increased risk of transformation (P < 0.05), but Bmi1 expression was not a significant marker (P > 0.05). Notably, the coexpression of both ALDH1 and Bmi1 was a strong indicator associated with 8.56‐fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.74–42.17; P < 0.01) for malignant transformation. Point prevalence analysis revealed that 78.6% (95% CI, 54.0–100) of the patient with coexpression of both ALDH1 and Bmi1 developed oral cancer.Conclusion:  Our data indicated that the expression patterns of ALDH1 and Bmi1 in OE were associated with malignant transformation, suggesting that they may be valuable predictors for evaluating the risk of oral cancer.
Contemporary Spiritualities and Christianity: Is There an Authentic Christian Gnosis?
Authors: White Dominic 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe growing non-religious spiritualities are markedly neo-Gnostic in their interest in cosmologies and their opposition to institutional religion. Gnostic cosmologies, specifically their teachings on the cosmic significance of the Cross, angelology and multiple heavens in fact all have counterparts in Irenaeus and Christian apocrypha. Clement of Alexandria asserts an authentic Christian gnosis communicated by Christ to Peter, James and John. The use of Richard Bauckham's “eyewitness” Biblical exegetical method shows that most of the Christian cosmological traditions can be credibly held as teachings of the apostles and “deepening” (Daniélou) interpretations of Scripture. Gnosticism appropriated but distorted them. The existence of an inner circle among the disciples, the patristic and liturgical traditions and the teachings of Paul indicate that for the early Church, gnosis was the Holy Spirit's gift of knowledge, God's knowledge of the cosmos. This knowledge could not be understood outside the Church. To enable application of Christian gnosis to dialogue with contemporary spirituality, renewal of Christian theology and practice in the light of the gnosis is proposed, particularly in the areas of liturgy, fundamental and natural theology and evangelisation.
Hans Urs von Balthasar and Adrienne von Speyr's Ecclesial Relationship
Authors: Sutton Matthew Lewis 
Published: June 2012

AbstractMany systematic theologians acknowledge the relationship between Hans Urs von Balthasar, the significant twentieth‐century Catholic theologian, and Adrienne von Speyr, the Swiss physician and Catholic mystic. There is, however, difficulty understanding the actual character and purpose of this relationship. I argue in this paper that Paul's theology of charism, particularly dealing with double mission charisms, will help us understand correctly the ecclesial relationship between von Balthasar and von Speyr. After an overview of von Balthasar's statements regarding the relationship and the three main interpretations of it, I offer my own interpretation of this relationship by using Paul's theology of charism. The ramifications will be a reinterpretation of central aspects of von Balthasar's theology including but not limited to his theology of Holy Saturday, Trinitarian theology, and theology of the communion of saints.
A Determined and Subjective Love: Agreeing with Luther's Evangelical Reading of Hosea 2
Authors: Muhlhan Brett 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA close reading of Hosea 2 seems to reveal some inconsistencies in a feminist approach to this particular text. This essay challenges a particular feministic reading of Hosea 2 with an analysis that contends for the hearing of Yahweh's voice as he addresses Israel with a determined and subjective love. The relationship between Hosea and Gomer is used by Yahweh as a sign-act and in no way should the psychology of Hosea and Gomer take centre stage in the reading of this text. When the text speaks, it reveals that Yahweh's love is enduring, proactive and emotional. It also sets the tone for how we may continue to understand the tension between command and promise which may give cause to reshape the responsibility of today's theologians and church leaders. Eventually this text rests on the promise of Yahweh, by way of command, that there will in fact be a great day of blessing to come for his people (Hos 1:11; 3:5).
Ecclesia de Trinitate
Authors: Dadosky John 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis paper addresses the foundations of the Church systematically as it originates in the Triune God's plan of salvation. The Church is an extension of the missions of the Son and Spirit in history. Analogies are invoked to help ground the nature and the mission of the of the Church. The paper further explores the implications of Ecclesia de Trinitate in light of Vatican II, the visible and invisible missions of the Son and the Spirit, the role of Mary and the multi‐religious context.
Toward a Liturgical Existentialism
Authors: Rivera Joseph 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA liturgical existentialism attempts to situate Christian spirituality in view of a post‐Heideggerian world. To this end, French phenomenologist Jean‐Yves Lacoste has undertaken what is perhaps the most sustained analysis of Heideggerian existential phenomenology from a theological‐mystical point of view, and this paper highlights his major achievement: the liturgical reduction. Certainly existentialism, after Heidegger, makes the “world” an object of inquiry, and yet Lacoste's reduction is problematic precisely because it privileges an ascetic spirituality that desires to “bracket” the world. Both the temporality and topology of the liturgical reduction are exposed to view in order to show that a liturgical existentialism properly conceived, does not bracket the world, but is realized carefully in and through the world‐horizon itself.
DISTINGUISHING FOUR TRADITIONAL VINEGARS BY SENSORY ANALYSIS AND COLORIMETRIC SENSORS
Authors: ZOU X.B. , SHI J.Y. , HAO L.M. , ZHAO J.W. , SUN Z.B. , HUANG X.Y. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTThe aim of this research was to use sensory analysis and colorimetric sensors to evaluate four Chinese traditional vinegars. Firstly, sensory analysis was performed by descriptive tests. An evaluation card for vinegar sensory analysis was set up. Four traditional vinegar groups can be clearly identified by sensory panelists from principal component analysis results. Secondly, 23 chemoresponsive dyes and seven pH dyes were selected, and a 5 × 6 colorimetric sensor array was used to measure the four traditional vinegars. With cluster analysis, all samples were assembled “Zhenjiang Vinegar,”“Shanxi Vinegar,”“Sichuan Vinegar” and “Zhejiang Vinegar” when the similarity was 12. Thirdly, the correlation between the sensory analysis and the colorimetric sensor analysis was taken into account. These works showed that sensory analysis and colorimetric sensor analysis were both good in identifying different vinegars although they did not correlate with each other.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSAn evaluation card was set up for sensory evaluation. Thirteen descriptive attributes belong to three distinct classes and their scores were first reported in this article. The evaluation card could be used for quality control of vinegar by sensory analysis in Vinegar Company in China. The colorimetric sensor array system which was set up in this article could also be used in the Chinese vinegar quality control. This article also gives an approach for studying the traditional food in China.
The Effects of UV Emission from Compact Fluorescent Light Exposure on Human Dermal Fibroblasts and Keratinocytes In Vitro
Authors: Mironava Tatsiana , Hadjiargyrou Michael , Simon Marcia , Rafailovich Miriam H. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractCompact fluorescent light (CFL) bulbs can provide the same amount of lumens as incandescent light bulbs, using one quarter of the energy. Recently, CFL exposure was found to exacerbate existing skin conditions; however, the effects of CFL exposure on healthy skin tissue have not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we studied the effects of exposure to CFL illumination on healthy human skin tissue cells (fibroblasts and keratinocytes). Cells exposed to CFLs exhibited a decrease in the proliferation rate, a significant increase in the production of reactive oxygen species, and a decrease in their ability to contract collagen. Measurements of UV emissions from these bulbs found significant levels of UVC and UVA (mercury [Hg] emission lines), which appeared to originate from cracks in the phosphor coatings, present in all bulbs studied. The response of the cells to the CFLs was consistent with damage from UV radiation, which was further enhanced when low dosages of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs), normally used for UV absorption, were added prior to exposure. No effect on cells, with or without TiO2 NPs, was observed when they were exposed to incandescent light of the same intensity.
Biodistribution and Pharmacokinetic Studies of a Porphyrin Dimer Photosensitizer (Oxdime) by Fluorescence Imaging and Spectroscopy in Mice Bearing Xenograft Tumors
Authors: Khurana Mamta , Ulrich Sébastien , Kim Anthony , Moriyama Yumi , Netchev George , Akens Margarete K. , Anderson Harry L. , Wilson Brian C. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractHerein, we present a study of the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of a butadiyne‐linked conjugated porphyrin dimer (Oxdime) designed to have high near‐infrared (NIR) 2‐photon absorption cross‐section for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Changes in biodistribution over time were monitored in mice carrying B16‐F10 melanoma xenografts, following intravenous injection. Using fluorescence imaging of live animals and analyzing isolated organs ex vivo at different time points between 30 min and 24 h after injection, accumulation of Oxdime was measured in several organs (heart, kidney and liver) and in tumor. The concentration in the plasma was about 5–10 times higher than in other tissues. The fluorescence signal peaked at 3–12 h after injection in most tissues, including the tumor and the plasma. The change in the fluorescence emission spectrum of the sensitizer over time was also monitored and a shift in the maximum from 800 to 740 nm was observed over 24 h, showing that the Oxdime is metabolized. Significant quantities accumulated in the tumor, indicating that this PDT sensitizer may be promising for cancer treatment.
Rates of assay success and genotyping error when single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping in non‐model organisms: a case study in the Antarctic fur seal
Authors: HOFFMAN J. I. , TUCKER R. , BRIDGETT S. J. , CLARK M. S. , FORCADA J. , SLATE J. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAlthough single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are increasingly being recognized as powerful molecular markers, their application to non‐model organisms can bring significant challenges. Among these are imperfect conversion rates of assays designed from in silico resources and the enhanced potential for genotyping error relative to pre‐validated, highly optimized human SNPs. To explore these issues, we used Illumina’s GoldenGate assay to genotype 480 Antarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus gazella) individuals at 144 putative SNPs derived from a 454 transcriptome assembly. One hundred and thirty‐five polymorphic SNPs (93.8%) were automatically validated by the program GenomeStudio, and the initial genotyping error rate, estimated from nine replicate samples, was 0.004 per reaction. However, an almost tenfold further reduction in the error rate was achieved by excluding 31 loci (21.5%) that exhibited unclear clustering patterns, manually editing clusters to allow rescoring of ambiguous or incorrect genotypes, and excluding 18 samples (3.8%) with unreliable genotypes. After stringent quality filtering, we also found a counter‐intuitive negative relationship between in silico minor allele frequency and the conversion rate, suggesting that some of our assays may have been designed from paralogous loci. Nevertheless, we obtained over 45 000 individual SNP genotypes with a final error rate of 0.0005, indicating that the GoldenGate assay is eminently capable of generating large, high‐quality data sets for non‐model organisms. This has positive implications for future studies of the evolutionary, behavioural and conservation genetics of natural populations.
Sexing the Sciuridae: a simple and accurate set of molecular methods to determine sex in tree squirrels, ground squirrels and marmots
Authors: GORRELL JAMIESON C. , BOUTIN STAN , RAVEH SHIRLEY , NEUHAUS PETER , CÔTÉ STEEVE D. , COLTMAN DAVID W. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe determined the sequence of the male‐specific minor histocompatibility complex antigen (Smcy) from the Y chromosome of seven squirrel species (Sciuridae, Rodentia). Based on conserved regions inside the Smcy intron sequence, we designed PCR primers for sex determination in these species that can be co‐amplified with nuclear loci as controls. PCR co‐amplification yields two products for males and one for females that are easily visualized as bands by agarose gel electrophoresis. Our method provides simple and reliable sex determination across a wide range of squirrel species.
Mutational analysis of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas and verrucal keratosis in patients taking BRAF inhibitors
Authors: Anforth Rachael , Tembe Varsha , Blumetti Tatiana , Fernandez‐Peñas Pablo 
Published: June 2012

SummaryB‐RAF inhibitors (BRAFi) have been shown to improve rates of overall and progression‐free survival in patients with stage IV metastatic melanoma positive for the BRAF V600E mutation. However, the main drawback is the development of verrucal keratosis (hyperkeratotic papules with verruca‐like characteristics with benign histological findings) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cuSCC). We have found upstream mutations in RAS as well as PIK3CA in both verrucal keratosis and cuSCC. This suggests that verrucal keratosis is an early clinical presentation of cuSCC in patients on BRAFi.
Intraventricular pressure gradients throughout the cardiac cycle: effects of ischaemia and modulation by afterload
Authors: Guerra Miguel , Amorim Mário Jorge , Brás‐Silva Cármen , Leite‐Moreira Adelino F. 
Published: June 2012

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?The aim of the present study was to characterize the intraventricular pressure gradients (IVPGs) along the cardiac cycle, to correlate them with myocardial segmental asynchrony and to evaluate their response to regional myocardial ischaemia and ventricular afterload.
What is the main finding and its importance?We showed the existence of diastolic and systolic IVPGs in the left ventricle (LV) and demonstrated for the first time that normal gradient pattern is related to physiological asynchrony between basal and apical myocardial segments. Moreover, we showed that IVPG, a marker of normal left ventricular function, can be attenuated, lost entirely, or even reversed after regional acute ischaemia and afterload elevations.
The aim of the present study was to characterize the intraventricular pressure gradients (IVPGs) througout the cardiac cycle, to correlate them with myocardial segmental asynchrony and to evaluate the effects of ischaemia and modulation by afterload. Open‐chest anaesthetized rabbits (n= 6) were instrumented with pressure‐tip micromanometers placed in the apex and outflow tract of the left ventricular (LV) cavity and with sonomicrometer crystals placed in the apex and base of the LV free wall to measure IVPGs and myocardial segment length changes during basal, afterloaded (aortic cross‐clamping) and ischaemic conditions (left anterior descending coronary artery ligation). During early diastole (rapid filling), we recorded an IVPG (4.6 ± 0.7 mmHg) from the cardiac base towards the apex followed by an apex‐to‐outflow pressure gradient (3.6 ± 0.2 mmHg). During systole, we recorded an IVPG (0.6 ± 0.1 mmHg) from apex to outflow during early rapid ejection, which inverted during late slow ejection. Interestingly, the maximal rate of LV pressure fall occurred earlier and relaxation rate was faster in the base than in the apex. While shortening of basal segments was complete at the end of ejection, apical segments always showed a significant amount of postsystolic shortening. The IVPGs were entirely lost during ischaemia and attenuated by afterload elevations. During ischaemia, systolic shortening of the apical segment decreased, while postsystolic shortening increased. The present study confirms the existence of diastolic and systolic IVPGs in the LV and demonstrates, for the first time, that this normal gradient pattern is related to physiological asynchrony between basal and apical myocardial segments. Moreover, we show that the IVPG, a marker of normal left ventricular function, can be attenuated, lost entirely or even reversed after regional acute ischaemia and afterload elevations.
Increased activity of the renin–angiotensin and sympathetic nervous systems is required for regulation of the blood pressure in rats fed a low‐protein diet
Authors: Gomide Joelma M. C. , de Menezes Rodrigo C. , Fernandes Luciano G. , Silva Fernanda C. , Cardoso Leonardo M. , Miranda Pedro H. , da Silva Jr Luiz Gonzaga , Lima Mercia P. , Pesquero Jorge L. , Foureaux Giselle , Ferreira Anderson J. , Chianca‐Jr Deoclécio A. 
Published: June 2012

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?Is the increase in blood pressure observed in rats fed a low protein diet due to overactivation of sympathetic and renin angiontensin systems?
What is the main finding and its importance?The data show an increase in the expression of angiotensin II type 1 receptors and an incrased sympathetic activity in this experimental model, suggesting that both systems are contributing to the high blood pressure observed in these animals.
Previous studies have shown that postweaning protein restriction induces changes in the sympathetic nervous system in rats, leading to alterations in cardiovascular parameters. In addition, the renin–angiotensin system is also affected in these animals. Here, we hypothesized that adjustments in the interaction between the RAS and SNS underlie the cardiovascular adaptations observed in rats fed a low‐protein diet. Thus, we evaluated the alterations in the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate of Fisher rats fed a protein‐deficient diet before and after systemic administration of the angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril and the angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 (AT1) receptor antagonist losartan alone or in combination with the α1‐adrenergic receptor antagonist prazosin. Administration of enalapril or losartan decreased the MAP only of rats under protein restriction. Prazosin injection after the infusion of losartan caused a further decrease in the MAP of malnourished rats. In contrast, only the administration of prazosin elicited a reduction in the MAP of control animals. When the sequence of administration of the antagonists was inverted, infusion of prazosin in animals fed the standard or the low‐protein diet induced a reduction in the MAP that was further decreased by the subsequent injection of losartan. Importantly, in both protocols the responses of malnourished animals to losartan were markedly greater when compared with the control group. Moreover, these animals presented lower levels of circulating Ang II and a reduced responsiveness to Ang II. In contrast, the expression of AT1 receptors in the aorta of malnourished animals was increased. Thus, our data suggest that the renin–angiotensin system is an important factor supporting blood pressure in rats fed a low‐protein diet and that the sympathetic nervous system activity in these animals is under strong influence of Ang II acting via AT1 receptors.