bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moleküle und biologische Mechanismen des Süß‐ und Umamigeschmacks
Authors: Behrens Maik , Meyerhof Wolfgang , Hellfritsch Caroline , Hofmann Thomas 
Published: February 2011

AbstractUnsere Wertschätzung für Nahrungsmittel ist weitgehend auf die Auslösung der Geschmacksempfindungen “süß” und “umami” zurückzuführen. Mit einem besonderen Schwerpunkt auf Naturstoffen wird dieser Aufsatz einen Überblick über jene Stoffe geben, die die Geschmackseindrücke “süß” oder “umami” hervorrufen und modulieren. Es wird diskutiert, wie die Wechselwirkung dieser Moleküle mit dem oralen Süß‐ oder Umamigeschmacksrezeptor die Rezeptorzellen anregt, Neurotransmitter abzusondern, um neurale Aktivität hervorzurufen, die an die Großhirnrinde weitergeleitet wird und süßen bzw. umami Geschmack übermittelt. Neue Befunde zeigen auch, dass süßer Geschmack für die Homöostase des Energiehaushalts metabolisch relevant und mit dem appetitiven ingestiven Verhalten verknüpft ist.
Review of numerical modeling of pasta drying, a closer look into model parameters
Authors: Veladat Reza , Zokaee Ashtiani Farzin , Rahmani Mohammad , Miri Taghi 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTIn the pasta production process, drying is an energy‐intensive stage which affects many of the final product properties. However, the drying process for pasta is only understood on an empirical basis. The availability of a reliable mathematical model for drying can provide a better understanding of how the different parameters affect the food quality of dried pasta. Models can also allow optimization of the drying process design and/or operation and associated cost reductions. Drying includes simultaneous heat and mass transfer phenomena, and development of a model requires a complex system of coupled nonlinear partial differential equations. Furthermore, models usually include several parameters with unknown values which are not easy to estimate, this is especially true for food materials such as pasta. This work is a review of the different aspects of mathematical modeling of pasta drying, methods and correlations for the prediction of model parameters, as well as recent trends in numerical solution. The application of computational fluid dynamics approaches is discussed. This paper includes a discussion on prediction of the pasta quality indices obtained from the numerical modeling. Copyright © 2011 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Compatible polycarbonate/polyamide 6,6 blends with fibrillar morphology
Authors: Granado Ainhoa , Eguiazábal Jose Ignacio , Nazábal Jon 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBlends of bisphenol A polycarbonate (PC) and polyamide 6,6 (PA6,6) were prepared directly during the plasticization step of an injection molding process in an attempt to attain both (i) the reinforcement of the blends through fibrillar morphology, and (ii) an adequate compatibilization despite the short processing procedure used. Differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic‐mechanical analysis indicated that the blends were made up of a PC‐rich phase where some PA6,6 was present and, ruling out a possible degradation, of an almost pure PA6,6‐phase. The cryogenically fractured surfaces observed by scanning electron microscopy showed both rather fine particles and larger particles with occluded subparticles. This complex morphology indicates low interphase tension and, therefore, compatibilization, which can be attributed to the presence of PA6,6 in the two phases of the blends. The values of Young's modulus, determined by means of tensile tests, were always synergistic and, in the case of the 25/75 blend, the modulus was even higher than those of any of the two pure components. It appears this could be due to both the highly fibrillar morphology of the dispersed phase, and the significant decrease observed in specific volume. The blends remained ductile throughout the full composition range, which also indicates compatibilization. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Vibrational dynamics and heat capacity of polychloroprene
Authors: Gupta Archana , Agarwal Parag , Choudhary Neetu , Tandon Poonam , Gupta V. D. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractNormal modes and their dispersion have been obtained for polychloroprene in the trans form using Wilson's G F matrix method as modified by Higg's for an infinite polymeric chain. Urey Bradley force field has been used. Several new assignments, which are missing in earlier work, are reported. The assignments of lower frequency modes have been confirmed using inelastic neutron scattering data. The characteristic features of dispersion curves have been explained. Variation of heat capacity as a function of temperature has been predicted. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Synthesis and characterization of PVP/LiCoO2 nanofibers by electrospinning route
Authors: Chen Lin‐Jer , Liao Jiunn‐Der , Chuang Yu‐Ju , Hsu Kuo‐Chin , Chiang Yi‐Fang , Fu Yaw‐Shyan 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe have successfully prepared PVP/LiCoO2 nanofibers using an electrospinning route. These fibers were composed of very small crystalline grains uniformly linked with an average size. After annealing of the above precursor fibers at 700°C for 12 h, LiCoO2 nanofibers with 95 nm in diameter were composed of crystalline nanoparticles were successfully obtained. The morphology, crystal structure, and particle size of fibers has been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The viscosities of solutions were measured with a LVDV Brookfield viscometer. Experimental results showed that the LiCoO2 with good crystalline and uniform diameter were obtained. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Performance evaluation of ultra‐rapid‐hardening roller‐compacted concrete with styrene butadiene latex
Authors: Won Jong‐Pil , Kim Joon‐Mo , Lee Su‐Jin , Lee Sang‐Woo , Park Sung‐Ki 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis study was conducted to evaluate the performance of rapid‐hardening roller‐compacted concrete containing styrene butadiene latex. This material has no slump and is compacted with a roller after being poured. Volume reduction is not a concern and the material has a high initial strength due to the high pressure applied. Latex improves the durability of ultra‐rapid‐hardening cement composites. This study evaluated the performance of an optimum mixture (L) and a mixture with no styrene butadiene latex (NL), which had almost the same workability as the optimum mixture. The L mixture exhibited better performance than the NL mixture in terms of bond strength and chloride ion permeability, as well as resistance to abrasion, repeated freezing and thawing, and scaling. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Examining the effect of mercerization process applied under different conditions via the degree of whiteness and color efficiency
Authors: Gemci Remzi , Çebiçci Cafer 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn this study, 100% cotton woven fabrics having three different patterns are mercerized by chained mercerizing machine. The temperature is kept at 60°C for all applications. Application types and process period are the variables of this experiment. The effects of mercerization process applied on different conditions are examined in terms of color efficiency and degree of whiteness. Fabrics with different patterns are also compared with each other to understand whether fabric patterns are effective in whiteness and color efficiency. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Grafting of telechelic poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) onto O2 plasma‐treated polypropylene flakes
Authors: Ren Jing , Hua Xiaoqing , Zhang Tianzhu , Zhang Zhigang , Ji Zhenling , Gu Ning 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn this work, we described a facile approach to preparing polypropylene (PP) surface functionalized with telechelic poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (HO‐PLGA‐COOH). The PP flakes were first treated with oxygen plasma and then grafted with different molecular weight PLGA (Mw = 50, 100, and 300 K) in dry dichloromethane solution with the addition of phosphorus pentachloride (PCl5). The attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier transform infrared (ATR–FTIR) spectroscopy measurements were used to characterize the composition of the PP surface. The appearance of 1756 cm−1 for carbonyl (CO) stretching and 1090 cm−1 for COC and the morphologies observations by atomic force microscopy show that PLGA graft covered the surface of PP flake. The IR intensity at 1756 cm−1 increases with the decreasing Mw of PLGA, and the molecular weight of PLGA also influence the grafting of PLGA on PP. The contact angle was used to monitor the changes in hydrophilicity of PP flake surface along the treatment procedure. PLGA‐grafted PP (PP‐g‐PLGA) was eventually obtained. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Selective recognition of chloroacetic acids by imprinted polyaniline film
Authors: Najafi Mostafa , Mollazadeh Mikael 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA novel conductive imprinted polyaniline (PAN) film is prepared by adding template during the PAN film preparation. Monochloroacetic acid (MCA) and trichloroacetic acid (TCA) were used as templates. The conductivity of imprinted PAN films was measured by the four‐point probe method. The conductivity changes of imprinted PAN films were compared to reference PAN reflecting the MCA and TCA specific sites on the surface of PAN films. The conductivities were linearly dependent on the template concentrations, and linear calibration curves were obtained in the range 1–30 and 1–40 ppm of the MCA and TCA, respectively. Excellent method reproducibility (standard deviation 0.04 S/cm−1) was observed for the determination of 15 ppm MCA. The effect of various factors on preparation, properties, and recognition effects of the imprinted PAN films was investigated. The best electrical and mechanical properties were obtained with 7 × 10−4 mmol MCA as a template and doping agent. The measurements are carried out under room temperature, and the maximum conductivities are reached after about 10 and 20 min for reference and imprinted PAN film, respectively. Selectivity experiments were carried out with standard MCA, TCA, and five analogs (dichloro‐, dibromo‐, and monobromoacetic acid) in water. The results exhibited a good selectivity for the templates compared to structurally related compounds. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Effect of chemical structure of thermoplastics on antibacterial activity and physical diffusion of triclosan doped in vinyl thermoplastics and their composites with CaCO3
Authors: Silapasorn Karn , Sombatsompop Kwannate , Kositchaiyong Apisit , Wimolmala Ekachai , Markpin Teerasak , Sombatsompop Narongrit 
Published: February 2011

AbstractTriclosan was used as antibacterial agent in various vinyl thermoplastics and calcium carbonate (CaCO3)/thermoplastic composites and the antibacterial performances were studied through Halo and Plate‐Count‐Agar (PCA) test methods. The thermoplastics used were polyethylene (LDPE, MDPE, HDPE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS) and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). Escherichia coli (E.coli, ATCC 25922) and Stapphylococcus aureus (S.aureus, ATCC 25923) were used as the testing bacteria. The color index results suggested that introducing triclosan did not change the color of all thermoplastics used. The antibacterial results showed that the inhibition zone increased with increasing triclosan for nonpolar thermoplastics like LDPE, MDPE, HDPE, PP, and PS films whereas the opposite effect was observed for polar PVC film. The antibacterial efficacies of the triclosan decreased in the order of LDPE > MDPE > HDPE > PP > PS > PVC and this was confirmed by the triclosan releasing and FT‐IR results. The differences in the antibacterial performances of the studied thermoplastics with triclosan were associated with their rigidities, abilities to crystallize, and free volume or molecular density. The sensitivities of E.coli and S.aureus bacteria to the triclosan were found to be dependent on the testing methods used for the antibacterial performance evaluations. The addition of CaCO3 worsened the antibacterial performances in the triclosan filled HDPE and PS blends, but had a benefit for improved bacterial reduction in the triclosan‐filled PVC blend. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Synchronization in networks of genetic oscillators with delayed coupling
Authors: Li Ping , Lam James 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis paper studies the global synchronization problem for gene networks of coupled oscillators with a coupling delay. Several synchronization conditions are obtained for coupled genetic oscillators by means of Lyapunov functional theory and matrix inequality approach. More specifically, two conditions are first presented in terms of matrix inequalities, under which the synchronization can be achieved irrespective of how large the coupling delay is. Then, a sufficient condition is further proposed to ensure the synchronization of coupled genetic oscillators for a certain range of coupling delays. A numerical example of coupled Goodwin oscillators is given to illustrate the effectiveness of these conditions. Both theoretical and numerical results show that the coupling delay can affect the dynamic behaviors of coupled genetic oscillators, and the synchronized state can be significantly different from that of a single oscillator when a coupling delay is present.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Reconstruction of 3D contour with an active laser‐vision robotic system
Authors: Chang Wen‐Chung , Nguyen Van‐Truong , Chu Ping‐Rung 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis paper presents a 3D contour reconstruction approach employing a wheeled mobile robot equipped with an active laser‐vision system. With observation from an onboard CCD camera, a laser line projector fixed‐mounted below the camera is used for detecting the bottom shape of an object while an actively‐controlled upper laser line projector is utilized for 3D contour reconstruction. The mobile robot is driven to move around the object by a visual servoing and localization technique while the 3D contour of the object is being reconstructed based on the 2D image of the projected laser line. Asymptotical convergence of the closed‐loop system has been established. The proposed algorithm also has been used experimentally with a Dr Robot X80sv mobile robot upgraded with the low‐cost active laser‐vision system, thereby demonstrating effective real‐time performance. This seemingly novel laser‐vision robotic system can be applied further in unknown environments for obstacle avoidance and guidance control tasks.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
A best deadlock control for S3PMR to reach all states
Authors: Chao Daniel Y. , Chen Ting‐Yu , Chen Jiun‐Ting , Wu Kuo‐Chiang 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis study proposes a new approach that recovers the system from deadlock states to its former live states, and reaches the same number of states as the original uncontrolled model by adding monitors (and control arcs) with no new problematic siphons. We further propose a lossless approach by coloring some arcs to avoid the material loss.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Confidence scores for prediction models
Authors: Gerds Thomas A. , van de Wiel Mark A. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn medical statistics, many alternative strategies are available for building a prediction model based on training data. Prediction models are routinely compared by means of their prediction performance in independent validation data. If only one data set is available for training and validation, then rival strategies can still be compared based on repeated bootstraps of the same data. Often, however, the overall performance of rival strategies is similar and it is thus difficult to decide for one model. Here, we investigate the variability of the prediction models that results when the same modelling strategy is applied to different training sets. For each modelling strategy we estimate a confidence score based on the same repeated bootstraps. A new decomposition of the expected Brier score is obtained, as well as the estimates of population average confidence scores. The latter can be used to distinguish rival prediction models with similar prediction performances. Furthermore, on the subject level a confidence score may provide useful supplementary information for new patients who want to base a medical decision on predicted risk. The ideas are illustrated and discussed using data from cancer studies, also with high‐dimensional predictor space.
Use of the environmentally sensitive fluorophore 4‐N,N‐dimethylamino‐1,8‐naphthalimide to study peptoid helix structures
Authors: Fuller Amelia A. , Seidl Frederick J. , Bruno Paul A. , Plescia Marisa A. , Palla Kanwal S. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPeptoids, oligomers of N‐substituted glycine, have been valuable targets for study and diverse application as peptidomimetics and as nanomaterials. Their conformational heterogeneity has made the study of peptoid structures using high‐resolution analyses challenging, limiting our understanding of the physiochemical features that mediate peptoid folding. Here, we introduce a new method for the study of peptoid structure that relies on the environmentally sensitive fluorescence properties of 4‐N,N‐dimethylamino‐1,8‐naphthalimide (4‐DMN). We have prepared a 4‐DMN‐functionalized primary amine that is compatible with the traditional submonomer peptoid synthesis methods and incorporated it sequence‐specifically into 11 of 13 new peptoids. When included as a peptoid side chain modification, the fluorescence emission intensity of 4‐DMN correlates with predictions of the fluorophore's local polarity within a putative structure. 4‐DMN fluorescence is maximized when the fluorophore is placed in the middle of the hydrophobic face of an amphiphilic helical peptoid. When the fluorophore is placed near the peptoid terminus or on a polar face of an amphiphilic sequence, 4‐DMN fluorescence is diminished. Disruption of the peptoid secondary structure or amphiphilicity also modulates 4‐DMN fluorescence. The peptoids' helical secondary structures are moderately disrupted by inclusion of a 4‐DMN‐modified side chain as evaluated by changes in the peptoids' CD spectral features. This new method for peptoid structure evaluation should be a valuable complement to existing peptoid structural analysis tools. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 96: 627–638, 2011.
Multi‐factorial engineering of heterologous polyketide production in Escherichia coli reveals complex pathway interactions
Authors: Boghigian Brett A. , Zhang Haoran , Pfeifer Blaine A. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPolyketides represent a significant fraction of all natural products. Many possess pharmacological activity which makes them attractive drug candidates. The production of the parent macrocyclic aglycones is catalyzed by multi‐modular polyketide synthases utilizing short‐chain acyl‐CoA monomers. When producing polyketides through heterologous hosts, one must not only functionally express the synthase itself, but activate the machinery used to generate the required substrate acyl‐CoA's. As a result, metabolic engineering of these pathways is necessary for high‐level production of heterologous polyketides. In this study, we over‐express three different pathways for provision of the two substrates (propionyl‐CoA and (2S)‐methylmalonyl‐CoA) utilized for the biosynthesis of 6‐deoxyerythronolide B (6‐dEB; the macrolactone precursor of erythromycin): (1) a propionate → propionyl‐CoA → (2S)‐methylmalonyl‐CoA pathway, (2) a methylmalonate → methylmalonyl‐CoA → propionyl‐CoA pathway, and (3) a succinate → succinyl‐CoA → (2R)‐methylmalonyl‐CoA → (2S)‐methylmalonyl‐CoA → propionyl‐CoA pathway. The current study revealed that propionate is a necessary component for greater than 5 mg L−1 titers. Deletion of the propionyl‐CoA:succinate CoA transferase (ygfH) or over‐expression of the transcriptional activator of short chain fatty acid uptake improved titer to over 100 mg L−1, while the combination of the two improved titer to over 130 mg L−1. The addition of exogenous methylmalonate could also improve titer to over 100 mg L−1. Expression of a Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) methylmalonyl‐CoA epimerase, in conjunction with over‐expression of Escherichia coli's native methylmalonyl‐CoA mutase, allowed for the incorporation of exogenously fed succinate into the 6‐dEB core. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011; 108:1360–1371. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Unique natural‐protein hollow‐nanofiber membranes produced by weaver ants for medical applications
Authors: Reddy Narendra , Xu Helan , Yang Yiqi 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe report the properties of unique natural‐protein hollow‐nanofiber membranes produced by weaver ants (Oecophylla smaragdina) and the potential of using the nanofiber membranes for medical applications. Although natural proteins such as silk and collagen have been used to produce electrospun nanofibers for medical applications, there are no reports on producing hollow nanofibers from proteins. Hollow nanofibers are expected to have unique properties such as high drug loading. Weaver ant larvae extrude proteins in the form of nanofibers that are hollow and the adult ants build the nests using the hollow nanofibers. It was found that the nanofiber membranes are composed of fibers with average diameters of 450 nm. The membranes have tensile strength of about 4 MPa, high elongation of about 31% and modulus of 31 MPa, better than any protein nanofiber membrane reported so far. The membranes withstand rigorous boiling in weak alkali, show good attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts and can load up to 4.7 times higher drugs compared to common silk. These features make ant nanofiber membranes unique and preferable for medical and biotechnology industries. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011; 108:1726–1733. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.