bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate changes and tree phylogeography in the Mediterranean
Authors: Petit Rémy J. , Hampe Arndt , Cheddadi Rachid 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe Mediterranean Basin is expected to be more strongly affected by ongoing global climate change than most other regions of the earth. Given the magnitude of forecasted trends, there are great concerns for the particularly rich biodiversity found in the region. Studies of the consequences of past climate shifts on biodiversity represent one of the best sources of data to validate models of the ecological and evolutionary consequences of future changes. Here we review recent findings from palaeoecology, phylogeography and climate change research to (1) explore possible antecedents of the predicted climate warming in the younger geological history of the Mediterranean Basin, (2) assess how tree populations have reacted to them, and (3) evaluate the significance of the evolutionary heritage that is at stake. A major question of our retrospective approach is whether Quaternary tree extinctions took place primarily during glacial or during interglacial episodes. Available data are scanty and somewhat conflicting. In contrast, abundant phylogeographic evidence clearly indicates that the bulk of genetic diversity in European temperate tree species is almost invariably located in the southernmost part of their range. Long‐term persistence of isolated populations have been common phenomena in the Mediterranean, to the point that the current genetic structure in this area probably often reflects population divergence that pre‐dates the onset of the Mediterranean climate in the Pliocene. In particular, Tertiary migrations into the Mediterranean of tree taxa originating from Asia seem to have left their footprints in the current genetic structure in these slowly evolving organisms. Moreover, phylogeographic studies point to heterogeneous rates of molecular evolution across lineages that are inversely related with their stability. We conclude that relict tree populations in the Mediterranean Basin represent an evolutionary heritage of disproportionate significance for the conservation of European plant biodiversity.
Geographic structure of molecular variation of Gentiana ligustica (Gentianaceae) in the Maritime and Ligurian regional hotspot, inferred from ITS sequences
Authors: Diadema Katia , Bretagnolle François , Affre Laurence , Yuan Yong-Ming , Médail Frédéric 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe Maritime and Ligurian Alps represent a regional hotspot of plant biodiversity found in the Mediterranean. Historical factors, complex geomorphology and habitat diversity may have played key roles to mould the biogeographical singularity of this area. This study represents the first regional phylogeographic attempt to better assess the complex evolutionary history of an endemic plant (Gentiana ligustica), which is found throughout this hotspot, across a large altitudinal and ecological gradient. Here, we examine how historical and topographical factors have affected the geographic structure of sequence variation at internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of ribosomal DNA. Sequence data revealed a fine‐scale geographical structure of molecular variation, and the presence of contact areas between groups of populations differentiated by ITS ribotypes. A comparison between the sequence distribution and topography suggests that the genetic structure of G. ligustica is the result of isolation and drift. Combined phylogeographic, Pleistocene glaciation, topographic and geologic data suggest the presence of several genetically differentiated refugia, at the margins of the ice sheets in the southern part of the Maritime and Ligurian Alps during the last two glaciations (Riss and Würm), as well as in some valleys and cliffs during the Würm.
Relationships of the genus Azorella (Apiaceae) and other hydrocotyloids inferred from sequence variation in three plastid markers
Authors: Andersson Lennart , Kocsis Marianna , Eriksson Roger 
Published: May 2010

AbstractRelationships of genera traditionally referred to the subfamily Hydrocotyloideae (Apiaceae), with emphasis on Azorella, were estimated using sequence variation in the markers matK, rbcL, and rps 16. The analyses were based on a combined dataset comprising 66 taxa represented by 134 sequences (29 matK, 40 rbcL, and 65 rps 16) as well as partial datasets constructed from individual markers and combinations of them. The results confirm previous observations that the hydrocotyloids are an unnatural assemblage of taxa from at least four different groups, of which one belongs to Araliaceae and the remaining ones to Apiaceae. The recently recognized subfamilies Mackinlayoideae and Azorelloideae are supported, with the possible exclusion of Platysace from the former and the addition of Asteriscium, Diposis, Domeykoa, Drusa, Homalocarpus, Laretia, Oschatzia, and Pozoa to the latter. Within Azorelloideae, the Azorella, Bowlesia, and Asteriscium clades are identified, although relationships among them are obscure. The genus Azorella occurs in two subclades that also include other genera, and is obviously paraphyletic as presently conceived. The Azorella sections Cirrhosae and Ciliatae are probably also paraphyletic.
Phylogenetic relationships and generic boundaries in the Episcieae (Gesneriaceae) inferred from nuclear, chloroplast, and morphological data
Authors: Clark John L. , Herendeen Patrick S. , Skog Laurence E. , Zimmer Elizabeth A. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractEpiscieae is the most diverse tribe of Gesneriaceae, with 22 genera and over 700 species, or roughly 21% of all Gesneriaceae. The tribe is restricted to the Neotropics and is characterized by axillary flowers derived from a pair–flowered cyme inflorescence by reduction, a three–trace trilacunar node with split lateral bundles, superior ovaries, and with most members having a haploid chromosome number of n = 9 [n = 8 in Codonanthe and Nematanthus]. Most traditionally recognized genera in Episcieae are either known to be non–monophyletic or have not been represented adequately in phylogenetic analyses to test their monophyly. This paper presents phylogenetic analyses utilizing two molecular [the internal transcribed spacer region of 18S–26S nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS) and the trnH–psbA intergenic spacer for 155 species] and one morphological (99 characters for 120 species) datasets, combined in a total evidence analysis. All traditionally recognized genera of Episcieae except for the monotypic genus Lampadaria are represented. Of the 21 sampled genera in Episcieae, 16 are represented by the generic type species. The genera Glossoloma and Crantzia are segregated from the genus Alloplectus as traditionally recognized. Other genera that are strongly supported as monophyletic include Alsobia, Columnea (with the inclusion of C. dielsii), Corytoplectus, and Episcia. Drymonia is weakly supported and is shown here to be morphologically diverse and in need of further evaluation. Evolution of fruit structure is examined in the context of the phylogenetic results presented here with two previously unreported features that are here referred to as capsules with tardily dehiscent and non–dehiscent endocarps. Three independent origins of resupinate flowers are inferred for Glossoloma, Nematanthus, and Crantzia. Strongly supported clades have centers of diversity in southeastern Brazil (Nematanthus, Codonanthe, Codonanthopsis, and Paradrymonia anisophylla), northern South America (Alloplectus, Drymonia, Columnea, Neomortonia), Central America (Alsobia, Oerstedina, Rufodorsia, Cobananthus), and two clades with diversity in the Guiana Shield [(Paradrymonia, Nautilocalyx, Chrysothemis) and (Lembocarpus, Cremersia, Rhoogeton)]. Neomortonia, a genus of three species, is poorly supported due to conflict among datasets.
Nuclear and plastid DNA sequences confirm the placement of the enigmatic Canacomyrica monticola in Myricaceae
Authors: Herbert Jane , Chase Mark W. , Möller Michael , Abbott Richard J. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPhylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences of the plastid rbcL gene were used to obtain a phylogenetic frame–work for the New Caledonian endemic genus Canacomyrica (monotypic). A further analysis of selected genera within Fagales combining DNA sequences of the rbcL gene, plastid trnL–F region and nuclear ITS region was also performed. In all analyses Canacomyrica fell into a well–supported clade in which it occupied a position as sister to the remaining genera of Myricaceae. A chromosome number of 2n = 16, consistent with Myricaceae, is reported for Canacomyrica for the first time. On the basis of the phylogenetic data and numerous shared morphological features, the original placement of Canacomyrica in Myricaceae is accepted. Canacomyrica is distinguished from other members of the family by the presence of staminodes in the female flower, a six–lobed perianth and a lamellular, laciniate style. The affinities of Myricaceae within Fagales are re–evaluated in the light of the unusual morphological features of Canacomyrica. The significance of staminodes in Canacomyrica is discussed with reference to pollination syndrome and incomplete suppression of male function in Myricaceae. A lectotype is designated for the name Canacomyrica monticola Guillaumin.
Willi Hennig on transformation series: metaphysics and epistemology
Authors: Rieppel Olivier 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis paper investigates Willi Hennig's approach to homology in terms of character transformation series. Hennig adopted the botanist Walter Zimmermann's empirico–critical approach to systematics, which Zimmermann defended against "typological systematics" as expounded by the botanist B. H. Danser. In developing his concepts of (sym)plesiomorphy and (syn)apomorphy, Hennig built on J. H. Woodger's formal approach to homology in terms of symbolic logic and set theory. Woodger's formalization of the relation of homology, and Hennig's use of it, are discussed in the light of modern approaches to developmental biology.
The new genus Minaria (Asclepiadoideae, Apocynaceae)
Authors: Konno Tatiana U. P. , Rapini Alessandro , Goyder David J. , Chase Mark W. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractCombined analyses of plastid regions indicate that the genus Ditassa (Asclepiadoideae, Apocynaceae) is polyphyletic and reveal a highly supported clade composed of shrubby species with minute leaves. These molecular data provide clear support for the recognition of a segregate genus from Ditassa, which we propose here as Minaria. Keys to distinguish Minaria from closely related genera and to identify the species of Minaria are provided. Eighteen nomenclatural combinations are proposed and the new species M. campanuliflora is described. The new genus is centred on eastern Brazil with two more widely distributed species extending as far as eastern Bolivia and NE Argentina. All the species occur in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, and it is from Minas that the name is derived; fourteen are endemic to the Espinhaço Range, and most are narrow endemics.
Validating subfamily, genus and species names in Loasaceae (Cornales)
Authors: Weigend Maximilian 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe new generic names Nasa, Xylopodia, Aosa, Presliophytum and Chichicaste, the subfamily name Petalonychoideae (all in Cornales, Loasaceae), the new species Blumenbachia exalata, Nasa cuatrecasasii, N. orbicularis, N. pilovena, N. profundiserrata, N. rufipila and Presliophytum arequipensis and the new combinations Aosa gilgiana, A. parviflora, A. plumierii, A. rostrata, A. rupestris, A. uleana, Chichicaste grandis, Nasa rubrastra, Presliophytum incanum and P. heucheraefolium are validly published. These names appeared in a PhD thesis submitted to the Ludwig–Maximilians Universität München, Germany, in 1997. Being printed and distributed to over 60 libraries, this thesis met the formal requirements for effective publication of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature then in force, but is no longer effectively published as a result of a retroactive change in the rules adopted at the International Botanical Congress in Vienna in 2005. As a result, the new names appearing in the thesis were not validly published and the nomenclatural novelties ineffective. The new names published in this thesis are validated here since they have found widespread use in numerous publications; moreover, the new generic delimitations have been confirmed by molecular studies. New species and combinations described in the genera concerned in publications other than the thesis will be validly published elsewhere.
Poaceae Raddianae: an updated nomenclatural and taxonomical evaluation of G. Raddi's Brazilian Poaceae
Authors: Baldini Riccardo M. , Wagner Hilda-Maria Longhi 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe original collections of the new taxa described by Raddi in his Agrostografia brasiliensis, collected during his expedition to Brazil (1817–1818), housed at PI, FI and BOLO Herbaria, were critically reviewed, including those of thirty–five new species and one new variety. In the present study, nomenclatural and taxonomic updates are provided. A treatment of some species described by Bertoloni (1819, 1820) on Raddi's Brazilian collections is also provided.
Typification of plant names in Thymelaeaceae published by Linnaeus and Linnaeus filius
Authors: S. Zachary , Spencer Mark A. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractTwenty four lectotypes, and three neotypes are designated for 27 plant names (25 at species rank and two at varietal) belonging to the family Thymelaeaceae and published by Linnaeus and Linnaeus filius. Epitype specimens are designated for three of the lectotypes. Of the species names, three were first published by J. R. & G. Forster and became the nomenclatural basis of names adopted by Linnaeus filius. All type choices made here are intended to support current usage of their respective names.
Typification of names inGnaphaliumL. andHelichrysumMill. (Asteraceae), and some taxonomic notes
Authors: Galbany-Casals Mercè , Sáez Llorenç , Benedí Carles , Jarvis Charles E. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAs a part of a research study on the systematics of the genus Helichrysum in the Mediterranean and Irano–turanian area, 53 new typifications of names in Gnaphalium and Helichrysum belonging to taxa in Helichrysum sect. Stoechadina, H. sect. Helichrysum and H. sect. Virginea are presented, along with some additional comments on the nomenclature of the names involved and on the taxonomy of the taxa to which they apply. Twenty–three previously published typifications of names of taxa belonging to these sections are also listed and, in some cases, commented upon. The accepted taxa of Helichrysum for which we propose typification of accepted names or synonyms, or upon which we make comments, are, alphabetically: H. angustifolium (Lam.) DC., H. arenarium (L.) Moench, H. arenarium subsp. aucheri (Boiss.) P. H. Davis & Kupicha, H. armenium DC., H. crassifolium (L.) D. Don, H. doerfleri Rech. f., H. errerae Tineo, H. graveolens (M. Bieb.) Sweet, H. italicum (Roth) G. Don, H. italicum subsp. microphyllum (Willd.) Nyman, H. orientale (L.) Gaertn., H. pallasii (Spreng.) Ledeb., H. pamphylicum P. H. Davis & Kupicha, H. picardii Boiss., H. plicatum DC., H. pygmaeum Post, H. rupestre DC., H. sanguineum (L.) Kostel., H. sibthorpii Rouy, H. stoechas (L.) Moench, H. taenari Rothm. and H. virgineum DC.
Nomenclatural notes on AsianApocynaceae, subfamiliesRauvolfioideaeandApocynoideae
Authors: Middleton David J. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA number of new combinations, lectotypifications and a neotypification are made for the forthcoming floristic accounts of the Apocynaceae subfamilies Rauvolfioideae and Apocynoideae for the Flore du Cambodge, du Laos et Du Vietnam, and Flora Malesiana. Four new combinations are made. Forty–one lectotypes are designated, of which five were previously claimed to be holotypes and, being published post–2000, are no longer effective as lectotypifications. One neotype is also designated.
Typification of the names Achillea millefolium var. collina and A. pannonica (Asteraceae, Anthemideae)
Authors: Danihelka Jiří , Saukel Johannes 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe name Achillea collina was not validly published by L. Reichenbach in "Flora germanica excursoria" (1832), as generally believed, but by H. G. Reichenbach in "Icones florae Germanicae et Helveticae" (1854). A lectotype and an epitype are proposed to fix the current use of the name A. collina. With the same purpose, a neotype is designated for the name A. pannonica Scheele.
Floras: a model for biodiversity studies or a thing of the past?
Authors: Funk Victoria A. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractFloras (and Faunas) have a rich history that involves examining questions on evolution and biogeography. However, in recent publications Floras have been viewed as an end unto themselves, separate from clade‐based monographs and evolutionary studies. Floras are not a separate entity but rather a part of a continuum that involves databases, checklists, floras, biodiversity studies, and conservation biology as well as monographs. As the importance of Floras and related studies has become more apparent, there have been comments about the lag time between when specimens are collected and when they are identified, the amount of time it takes to describe new taxa, and how long it takes to finish floras and other projects. Some have referred to this as the “Taxonomic Impediment”, and it is sometimes laid at the feet of taxonomists. Taxonomists can become more efficient by using various on‐line resources and this will continue to speed up as more literature, etc. become available but the impediments to taxonomy are many, not the least of which is a lack of funding and the dwindling number of taxonomists. Changes in how systematists work and interact with other branches of science must take place in order to speed up research and re‐establish the importance of Floras but only a substantial infusion of funds and personnel will really accelerate our progress.
On‐line keys: more than just paper on the web
Authors: Farr David F. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe internet has opened new opportunities for the distribution of systematic information. Advantages such as immediate worldwide distribution, affordable presentation of color illustrations, ease of updating the information, and low cost all suggest that the web is an ideal medium for the publication of taxonomic keys, descriptions, illustrations, and catalogues. Using examples from on‐line interactive keys published on the web and the interactive key projects developed at the USDA ARS Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory (SBML), this paper presents important points to be considered in developing online interactive keys. These include the use of standard internet protocols, emphasis on images, and easy maintenance by scientists without intervention of IT staff. An additional technical point is that morphological data should be external to the key program. As a result, when data are changed or replaced, the system will automatically be updated. In addition, these data can be used for applications outside of the key. While the potential usefulness of internet keys and other on‐line systematic information may be obvious, there are hurdles that must be overcome before there is any significant proliferation of on‐line keys. Systematists must embrace the internet as a desirable publishing option, peer review and institutional reward systems must recognize the significance of non‐paper publication, and systematists need to incorporate structured procedures for data collection.
First steps toward an electronic field guide for plants
Authors: Agarwal Gaurav , Belhumeur Peter , Feiner Steven , Jacobs David , Kress W. John , Ramamoorthi Ravi , Bourg Norman A. , Dixit Nandan , Ling Haibin , Mahajan Dhruv , Russell Rusty , Shirdhonkar Sameer , Sunkavalli Kalyan , White Sean 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe describe an ongoing project to digitize information about plant specimens and make it available to botanists in the field. This first requires digital images and models, and then effective retrieval and mobile computing mechanisms for accessing this information. We have almost completed a digital archive of the collection of type specimens at the Smithsonian Institution Department of Botany. Using these and additional images, we have also constructed prototype electronic field guides for the flora of Plummers Island. Our guides use a novel computer vision algorithm to compute leaf similarity. This algorithm is integrated into image browsers that assist a user in navigating a large collection of images to identify the species of a new specimen. For example, our systems allow a user to photograph a leaf and use this image to retrieve a set of leaves with similar shapes. We measured the effectiveness of one of these systems with recognition experiments on a large dataset of images, and with user studies of the complete retrieval system. In addition, we describe future directions for acquiring models of more complex, 3D specimens, and for using new methods in wearable computing to interact with data in the 3D environment in which it is acquired.
Ledebouria, Resnova and Drimiopsis: a tale of three genera
Authors: Lebatha Pearl , Buys Matt H. , Stedje Brita 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe monophyletic status of Ledebouria, Resnova and Drimiopsis (Hyacinthaceae) was investigated using cladistic analyses of morphological characters as well as by combined trnL‐F and morphology dataset. Based on morphology alone, numerous synapomorphies support Ledebouria, Resnova and Drimiopsis as three separate clades. In contrast, trnL‐F data in a reduced taxon sample suggest that Resnova and Drimiopsis are imbedded within Ledebouria, while in combination with morphology again suggest them to be separate. The analysis of morphological data shows that the majority of morphological characters listed by Manning & al. (2004) to support Ledebouria s.l. are homoplasious or symplesiomorphies. A revised taxonomy of Ledebouria, Resnova and Drimiopsis is premature.
Adscription of Parafestuca albida (Lowe) E. B. Alexeev to Koeleria Pers.
Authors: Quintanar Alejandro , Catalán Pilar , Castroviejo Santiago 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA new name, Koeleria loweana Quintanar, Catalán & Castrov. nom. nov., is provided for Parafestuca albida (Lowe) E. B. Alexeev, the single species of the endemic Madeiran genus created by Alexeev to accomodate Festuca albida Lowe. A lectotype is selected and a first chromosome number of 2n = ca. 175 is reported for this taxon. Careful re‐examination of morphological characters and new chromosome data support the inclusion of this relict Macaronesian lineage within the diploid‐to‐highly‐polyploid complex genus Koeleria Pers. Phylogenetic analyses based on both nuclear ribosomal ITS and chloroplast trnT‐F sequences further indicate that Parafestuca is neither related to Festuca nor to the festucoids (Loliinae, Poeae), but a member of a strong Koeleriinae core clade (Aveneae).