bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The possible functions of involuntary autobiographical memories
Authors: Rasmussen Anne S. , Berntsen Dorthe 
Published: September 2009

AbstractInvoluntary autobiographical memories are memories of personal experiences that come to mind spontaneously—that is with no preceding attempt at retrieval. We propose that such memories form a basic mode of remembering that is as frequent, common and functional as voluntary remembering but presumably evolutionarily earlier than the latter. In contrast to voluntary recall, the activation of involuntary memories involves little executive control. It typically depends on a distinct feature‐overlap between the remembered and current situation, which favours the activation of specific episodic information. Involuntary remembering may serve the overarching function of providing a sense of continuity across time, thereby automatically updating our personal sense of existence. Furthermore, since involuntary memories yield fast access to memories of specific events with a distinctive content‐overlap to the current situation, they may serve important directive functions in novel situations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hong Kong Labyrinths
Authors: So Soki 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIn this set of film stills, Soki So recasts the tangled density of Hong Kong's high‐rises as Piranesi's ‘Carceri’. It is a hyper‐realism that magnifies and intensifies the urban experience, highlighting the precariousness of current environmental and social conditions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
L.A.W.u.N. Project #21: Cybucolia
Authors: Hardingham Samantha , Greene David 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe project here, begun in 2009 by the Invisible University,1 a collaboration between the EXP/University of Westminster and the Architectural Association, speculates on the ‘dis‐urban’: new effects on the post‐print, post‐digital landscape at a local and global level. Samantha Hardingham and David Greene provide the narrative. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Ridiculous and the Sublime
Authors: Nicholson Ben 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBen Nicholson's classic satire The World Who Wants It? was written at the beginning of this decade in the wake of 9/11. Here Nicholson revisits the work, presenting new drawings and rethinking the themes in light of the second major hit that the world has taken with the banking crisis of 2008 and the accompanying economic downturn. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stereoscopic Urbanism: JG Ballard and the Built Environment
Authors: Sellars Simon 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe fiction of JG Ballard was centred almost wholly on the built environment. Ballard took architectural design to its logical extreme and then contorted it further. Simon Sellars looks at how architects can learn from Ballard and, specifically, his use of urban sound as a metaphor. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
St Benedict's School, West London
Authors: Littlefield David 
Published: September 2009

AbstractDavid Littlefield explains how Buschow Henley Architects' new building for St Benedict's School in Ealing, west London, addresses the Catholic foundation's needs ‐ both secular and religious. A circulation core provides much needed adhesion and connection among a veritable mishmash of existing buildings, while the new assembly hall and chapel supplies the body with a new heart and soul. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mathematics of the Ideal Pavilion
Authors: Spiller Neil 
Published: September 2009

AbstractNeil Spiller flees the nihilism of the shards and blobs of the last three decades in architecture and finds redemption on the north shore of Lakeside Way in Kielder Water, Northumbria. He describes how with this exquisitely tailored pavilion sixteen*(makers) are opening the way for a new way of working. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cascade Reactions: Catalytic Synthesis of Functionalized 1,3‐Dihydroisobenzofuran and Tetrahydrofuran Derivatives by Sequential Nucleophilic Ring Opening–Heterocyclization– Oxidative Carbonylation of Alkynyloxiranes
Authors: Della Ca' Nicola , Campanini Fabio , Gabriele Bartolo , Salerno Giuseppe , Massera Chiara , Costa Mirco 
Published: September 2009

AbstractDifferently substituted alkynyloxiranes were efficiently converted into functionalized 1,3‐dihydroisobenzofurans and tetrahydrofuran derivatives in fair to good yields by a new cascade reaction, consisting of a sequential nucleophilic ring opening–heterocyclization–oxidative carbonylation process. Reactions were carried out at 80–100 °C and under a 3:1 mixture of carbon monoxide and air (total pressure=32–42 atm at 25 °C) in methanol or acetonitrile/methanol mixtures in the presence of catalytic amounts of palladium diiodide in conjunction with an excess of potassium iodide. The nucleophilic species beginning the cascade process by regioselective attack to the less hindered carbon of the oxirane ring can be methanol itself or iodide anions.
The effect of smoking on MAOA promoter methylation in DNA prepared from lymphoblasts and whole blood
Authors: Philibert Robert A. , Beach Steven R.H. , Gunter Tracy D. , Brody Gene H. , Madan Anup , Gerrard Meg 
Published: September 2009

AbstractPrior work using lymphoblast DNA prepared from 192 subjects from the Iowa Adoption Studies (IAS) demonstrated that decreased MAOA promoter methylation was associated with lifetime symptom count for nicotine dependence (ND) and provided suggestive evidence that the amount of methylation is genotype dependent. In the current investigation, we replicate and extend these prior findings in three ways using another 289 IAS subjects and the same methodologies. First, we show that methylation is dependent on current smoking status. Second, we introduce a factor analytic approach to DNA methylation, highlighting three distinct regions of the promoter that may function in somewhat different ways for males and females. Third, we directly compare the methylation signatures in DNA prepared from whole blood and lymphoblasts from a subset of these subjects and provide suggestive evidence favoring the use of lymphoblast DNA. We conclude that smoking reliably decreases MAOA methylation, but exact characterization of effects on level of methylation depend on genotype, smoking history, current smoking status, gender, and region of the promoter‐associated CpG Island examined. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Short‐lived bromine compounds in the lower stratosphere; impact of climate change on ozone
Authors: Dessens Olivier , Zeng Guang , Warwick Nicola , Pyle John 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWe consider how future changes in the circulation of the troposphere might change the delivery of short‐lived brominated species to the stratosphere and study the impact of this change on stratospheric ozone. Changes in stratospheric bromine are potentially significant, amounting, under an extreme scenario of all short‐lived species having a tropical source, to an increase of perhaps 10% above current levels. This must be set against the slow removal of anthropogenic halogens from the stratosphere. These changes lead to modest, but non‐negligible decreases in ozone in the lower stratosphere, reaching about 8% at the tropopause, where changes in ozone have important climate consequences. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Statistical Tests Based on New Composite Hypotheses in Clinical Trials Reflecting the Relative Clinical Importance of Multiple Endpoints Quantitatively
Authors: Nishikawa Masako , Tango Toshiro , Ohtaki Megu 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIn clinical trials, several endpoints (EPs) are often evaluated to compare treatments in some therapeutic area. Suppose that there are two EPs in a clinical trial. We propose a new set of composite hypotheses for continuous variables, taking the relative clinical importance of the EPs into account. The main hypotheses were formulated to show that a treatment is so superior to the control treatment, which is not necessarily a placebo, in one EP, that the possible non‐inferiority of the treatment by at most a certain value in the other EP can be compensated sufficiently, taking the clinical point of view into account. The maximum non‐inferiority margin of one EP might not be a biologically unimportant difference in exchange for much superiority of the other EP. This formulation leads to a new composite EP and a very simple test statistic. The intersection‐union principle was employed to derive the proposed test.
Serum‐free, chemically defined medium with TGF‐β3 enhances functional properties of nucleus pulposus cell‐laden carboxymethylcellulose hydrogel constructs
Authors: Reza Anna T. , Nicoll Steven B. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractDegeneration of the nucleus pulposus (NP) has been implicated as a major cause of low back pain. Tissue engineering strategies may provide a viable NP replacement therapy; however, culture conditions must be optimized to promote functional tissue development. In this study, a standard serum‐containing medium formulation was compared to a chemically defined, serum‐free medium to determine the effect on matrix elaboration and functional properties of NP cell‐laden carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) hydrogels. Additionally, both media were further supplemented with transforming growth factor‐beta 3 (TGF‐β3). Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content increased in both TGF‐β3‐treated groups and was highest for treated, serum‐free constructs (9.46 ± 1.51 µg GAG/mg wet weight), while there were no quantifiable GAGs in untreated serum‐containing samples. Histology revealed uniform, interterritorial staining for chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan throughout the treated, serum‐free constructs. Type II collagen content was greater in both serum‐free groups and highest in treated, serum‐free constructs. The equilibrium Young's modulus was highest in serum‐free samples supplemented with TGF‐β3 (18.54 ± 1.92 kPa), and the equilibrium weight swelling ratio of these constructs approached that of the native NP tissue (22.19 ± 0.46 vs. 19.94 ± 3.09, respectively). Taken together, these results demonstrate enhanced functional matrix development by NP cells when cultured in CMC hydrogels maintained in serum‐free, TGF‐β3 supplemented medium, indicating the importance of medium formulation in NP construct development. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010; 105: 384–395. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CHO gene expression profiling in biopharmaceutical process analysis and design
Authors: Schaub Jochen , Clemens Christoph , Schorn Peter , Hildebrandt Tobias , Rust Werner , Mennerich Detlev , Kaufmann Hitto , Schulz Torsten W. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIncrease in both productivity and product yields in biopharmaceutical process development with recombinant protein producing mammalian cells can be mainly attributed to the advancements in cell line development, media, and process optimization. Only recently, genome‐scale technologies enable a system‐level analysis to elucidate the complex biomolecular basis of protein production in mammalian cells promising an increased process understanding and the deduction of knowledge‐based approaches for further process optimization. Here, the use of gene expression profiling for the analysis of a low titer (LT) and high titer (HT) fed batch process using the same IgG producing CHO cell line was investigated. We found that gene expression (i) significantly differed in HT versus LT process conditions due to differences in applied chemically defined, serum‐free media, (ii) changed over the time course of the fed batch processes, and that (iii) both metabolic pathways and 14 biological functions such as cellular growth or cell death were affected. Furthermore, detailed analysis of metabolism in a standard process format revealed the potential use of transcriptomics for rational media design as is shown for the case of lipid metabolism where the product titer could be increased by about 20% based on a lipid modified basal medium. The results demonstrate that gene expression profiling can be an important tool for mammalian biopharmaceutical process analysis and optimization. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010; 105: 431–438. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analysis of exposed cellulose surfaces in pretreated wood biomass using carbohydrate‐binding module (CBM)–cyan fluorescent protein (CFP)
Authors: Kawakubo Takeshi , Karita Shuichi , Araki Yuko , Watanabe Shota , Oyadomari Masafumi , Takada Rie , Tanaka Fumio , Abe Kentaro , Watanabe Takahito , Honda Yoichi , Watanabe Takashi 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIn enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulosics, the access of the enzymes to exposed cellulose surfaces is a key initial step in triggering hydrolysis. However, knowledge of the structure–hydrolyzability relationship of the pretreated biomass is still limited. Here we used fluorescent‐labeled recombinant carbohydrate‐binding modules (CBMs) from Clostridium josui as specific markers for crystalline cellulose (CjCBM3) and non‐crystalline cellulose (CjCBM28) to analyze the complex surfaces of wood tissues pretreated with NaOH, NaOH–Na2S (kraft pulping), hydrothermolysis, ball‐milling, and organosolvolysis. Japanese cedar wood, one of the most recalcitrant softwood species was selected for the analysis. The binding analysis clarified the linear dependency of the exposure of crystalline and non‐crystalline cellulose surfaces for enzymatic saccharification yield by the organosolv and kraft delignification processes. Ball‐milling for 5–30 min increased saccharification yield up to 77%, but adsorption by the CjCBM–cyan fluorescent proteins (CFPs) was below 5%. Adsorption of CjCBM–CFPs on the hydrothermolysis pulp were less than half of those for organosolvolysis pulp, in coincidence with low saccharification yields. For all the pretreated wood, crystallinity index was not directly correlated with the overall saccharification yield. Fluorescent microscopy revealed that CjCBM3–CFP and CjCBM28–CFP were site‐specifically adsorbed on external fibrous structures and ruptured or distorted fiber surfaces. The assay system with CBM–CFPs is a powerful measure to estimate the initiation sites of hydrolysis and saccharification yields from chemically delignified wood pulps. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010; 105: 499–508. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fluidization Characteristics in Micro‐Fluidized Beds of Various Inner Diameters
Authors: Guo Q. j. , Xu Y. , Yue X. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe fluidization characteristics of quartz sand and fluid catalytic crack (FCC) catalyst particles in six micro‐fluidized beds with inner diameters of 4.3, 5.5, 10.5, 15.5, 20.5, and 25.5 mm were investigated. The effects of bed diameter (Dt), static bed height (Hs), particles and gas properties on the pressure drop and minimum fluidization velocity (umf) were examined. The results show that the theoretical pressure drops of micro‐fluidized beds deviated from the experimental values under different particles and gas properties. The possible reason is due to an increase in bed voidage under smaller bed diameters. The equations for conventional fluidized beds did not fit for micro‐fluidized beds. umf increased with decreasing Dt. When the ratio of Hs to Dt ranged from 1:1 to 3:1, umf was characterized by a linear equation with Hs, while the slope of the equation umf versus Hs decreased with increasing Dt. In this paper, Dt/dp and Hs/dp were defined as dimensionless variables and a new equation was developed to predict umf in micro‐fluidized beds under the present experimental conditions.
Directional Control and Supramolecular Protection Allowing the Chemo‐ and Regioselective Transformation of a Triamine
Authors: Coquière David , de la Lande Aurélien , Parisel Olivier , Prangé Thierry , Reinaud Olivia 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA ZnII‐funnel complex based on a calix[6]arene ligand decorated with three tris(imidazolyl) arms at one end of the cone and three NH2 substituents at the other end, acts as a multipoint recognition host for polyfunctionalized guests. The selectivity is ensured by coordination to ZnII, CH–π interaction within the calix cone, and H‐bonding at both rims of the cavity. As a result of these multiple interactions, the host can wrap and orient an unsymmetrical triamine guest with a high selectivity. Furthermore, a proton‐monitored switch between the regio‐isomeric adducts allows reversible inversion of the directionality of the system. Thanks to this directional control, the regioselective mono‐carbamoylation of the unsymmetrical triamine guest was successfully achieved on a preparative scale. This case study shows that a funnel‐like receptor can be used as a supramolecular protecting tool allowing a transformation which would be impracticable with conventional covalent chemistry.
Enhanced Catalytic Activity and Unexpected Products from the Oxidation of Cyclohexene by Organic Nanoparticles of 5,10,15,20‐Tetrakis‐(2,3,4,5,6‐pentafluorophenyl)porphyrinatoiron(III) in Water by Using O2
Authors: Smeureanu Gabriela , Aggarwal Amit , Soll Clifford E. , Arijeloye Julius , Malave Erik , Drain Charles Michael 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe catalytic oxidation of alkenes by most iron porphyrins using a variety of oxygen sources, but generally not dioxygen, yields the epoxide with minor quantities of other products. The turnover numbers for these catalysts are modest, ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand depending on the porphyrin structure, axial ligands, and other reaction conditions. Halogenation of substituents increases the activity of the metalloporphyrin catalyst and/or makes it more robust to oxidative degradation. Oxidation of cyclohexene by 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis‐(2,3,4,5,6‐pentafluorophenyl)porphyrinato iron(III), ([FeIII(tppf20)]) and H2O2 is typical of the latter: the epoxide is 99 % of the product and turnover numbers are about 350.1–4 Herein, we report that dynamic organic nanoparticles (ONPs) of [FeIII(tppf20)] with a diameter of 10 nm, formed by host–guest solvent methods, catalytically oxidize cyclohexene with O2 to yield only 2‐cyclohexene‐1‐one and 2‐cyclohexene‐1‐ol with approximately 10‐fold greater turnover numbers compared to the non‐aggregated metalloporphyrin in acetonitrile/methanol. These ONPs facilitate a greener reaction because the reaction solvent is 89 % water and O2 is the oxidant in place of synthetic oxygen sources. This reactivity is unexpected because the metalloporphyrins are in close proximity and oxidative degradation of the catalyst should be enhanced, thus causing a significant decrease in catalytic turnovers. The allylic products suggest a different oxidative mechanism compared to that of the solvated metalloporphyrins. These results illustrate the unique properties of some ONPs relative to the component molecules or those attached to supports.
Lewis Base Behavior of Bridging Nitrido Ligands of Titanium Polynuclear Complexes
Authors: Carbó Jorge J. , Martínez‐Espada Noelia , Mena Miguel , Mosquera Marta E. G. , Poblet Josep‐M. , Yélamos Carlos 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe Lewis base behavior of μ3‐nitrido ligands of the polynuclear titanium complexes [{Ti(η5‐C5Me5)(μ‐NH)}3(μ3‐N)] (1) and [{Ti(η5‐C5Me5)}4(μ3‐N)4] (2) to MX Lewis acids has been observed for the first time. Complex 1 entraps one equivalent of copper(I) halide or copper(I) trifluoromethanesulfonate through the basal NH imido groups to give cube‐type adducts [XCu{(μ3‐NH)3Ti3(η5‐C5Me5)3(μ3‐N)}] (X=Cl (3), Br (4), I (5), OSO2CF3 (6)). However, the treatment of 1 with an excess (≥2 equiv) of copper reagents afforded complexes [XCu{(μ3‐NH)3Ti3(η5‐C5Me5)3(μ4‐N)(CuX)}] (X=Cl (7), Br (8), I (9), OSO2CF3 (10)) by incorporation of an additional CuX fragment at the μ3‐N nitrido apical group. Similarly, the tetranuclear cube‐type nitrido derivative 2 is capable of incorporating one, two, or up to three CuX units at the μ3‐N ligands to give complexes [{Ti(η5‐C5Me5)}4(μ3‐N)4−n{(μ4‐N)CuX}n] (X=Br (11), n=1; X=Cl (12), n=2; X=OSO2CF3 (13), n=3). Compound 2 also reacts with silver(I) trifluoromethanesulfonate (≥1 equiv) to give the adduct [{Ti(η5‐C5Me5)}4(μ3‐N)3{(μ4‐N)AgOSO2CF3}] (14). X‐ray crystal structure determinations have been performed for complexes 8–13. Density functional theory calculations have been carried out to understand the nature and strength of the interactions of [{Ti(η5‐C5H5)(μ‐NH)}3(μ3‐N)] (1′) and [{Ti(η5‐C5H5)}4(μ3‐N)4] (2′) model complexes with copper and silver MX fragments. Although coordination through the three basal NH imido groups is thermodynamically preferred in the case of 1′, in both complexes the μ3‐nitrido groups act as two‐electron donor Lewis bases to the appropriate Lewis acids.
Catalytic oxidation of CO by O2 over nanosized CuO–ZnO system prepared under various conditions
Authors: El‐Shobaky Gamil A. , Yehia Naema S. , Hassan Hassan M. A. , Badawy Abdel Rahman A. A. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA series of copper and zinc mixed oxides composed of equimolar ratio and treated with 0.05 Al2O3/mol catalyst has been prepared by coprecipitation method using their nitrates in presence of 1 M NaOH solution. The precipitation was carried out at a pH 9.5 and 50°C. The results revealed that the bulk of various solids consisted of CuO and ZnO having ratios varying between 0.84 and 0.98. On the other hand, the values of surface concentrations of copper and zinc were bigger than those present in the bulk. The values of surface Cu/Zn ratio varied between 1.04 and 1.46 depending on the mode of preparation and calcination conditions. The mixed solids existed as nanocrystalline CuO and ZnO phases. The surface characteristics are strongly dependent on mode of coprecipitation and calcination temperature. The computed SBET values varied between 146 and 23 m2/g depending on mode of coprecipitation and calcination temperature. The increase of calcination temperature of different adsorbents within 300–400°C led to a significant progressive decrease in the BET‐surface area with subsequent increase in the values of mean pore radius. All adsorbents are mesoporous solids. All prepared solids showed a good catalytic activity in CO oxidation by O2, which proceeds via first order kinetics in all cases. The activation energy of the catalysed reaction was determined for various solids and the computed values were very small indicating the big catalytic activity of the investigated solids.
An experimental model for cold water generation based on eco‐friendly refrigeration system
Authors: Halder G. N. , Sarkar S. C. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA laboratory model refrigeration system based on indigenously developed activated carbon–carbon dioxide pair using pressure swing adsorption mechanism is developed for substituting chlorofluorocarbons from conventional refrigeration systems. The model has successfully produced chilled water at 4°C (277 K) from ambient water available at 26°C (299 K). The paper describes the design and description of the above refrigeration system model and details of the experimental result.
A comparative study of different types of controllers used for blood glucose regulation system
Authors: Kamath Surekha , George V. I. , Vidyasagar Sudha 
Published: September 2009

AbstractMaintaining the glucose concentration in normoglycemic range in Type I diabetic patients is challenging. In this study H∞ control is applied for the insulin delivery to prevent the hyperglycaemic levels in a type I diabetic patient. A nonlinear model is linearized around nominal condition and reduced for control synthesis. H∞ controller was compared with the two other types of controller and performance results shows evaluatory results.