bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating groundwater recharge in lowland watersheds
Authors: Callahan Timothy J. , Vulava Vijay M. , Passarello Michael C. , Garrett C. Guinn 
Published: October 2011

AbstractLittle attention has been given to the role of groundwater in the hydrological cycle of lowland watersheds. Our objective in this study was to estimate total recharge to groundwater by analysing water table response to storm events and the rate at which water was transferred into the shallow aquifer. This was conducted at three sites in a rural watershed in the lower Atlantic coastal plain near Charleston, South Carolina, USA. A novel version of the water table fluctuation method was used to estimate total recharge to the shallow aquifer by comparing hourly data of water table position following storm events and measuring water table recession behavior, rather than subjective graphical analysis methods. Also, shallow aquifer recharge rates (vertical fluxes) were estimated using Darcy's Law by comparing static water levels in a water table well and in a shallow piezometer during dry periods. The total annual recharge estimated ranged from 107 ± 39 mm·yr–1 (5–10% of annual precipitation) at a poorly drained topographic low area to 1140 ± 230 mm·yr–1 (62–94% of annual precipitation) for a moderately well‐drained upland site. The average aquifer recharge rate was 114 ± 60 mm·yr–1, which is similar to previous estimations of base flow for the ephemeral third‐order streams in this watershed. The difference in the two methods may have been caused by processes not accounted for in the Darcy flux method, soil moisture deficits, and average evapotranspiration demand, which is about 1100 mm·yr–1 for this region. Although other factors also can affect partitioning of recharge, an integrated approach to inspecting easily gathered groundwater data can provide information on an often neglected aspect of water budget estimation. We also discuss the effects of land use change on recharge reduction, given a typical development scenario for the region. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characteristics of annual runoff variation in major rivers of China
Authors: Li Donglong , Wang Wensheng , Hu Shixiong , Li Yueqing 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe statistical properties of annual runoff in major rivers of China are studied based on the theory of stochastic process and technology of time series analysis. These properties include the characteristics of intra‐annual and inter‐annual variations of runoff, trends, abrupt changes and periodicities. The new findings from the intensive calculations and appropriate analysis of data in longer period are as follows: (i) compared with the nonuniformity of intra‐annual runoff before 1980, the nonuniformity of intra‐annual runoff in China generally decreased after 1980, except for Huaihe River and Songhua River; (ii) compared with the annual runoff before 1980, the annual runoff in China generally decreased after 1980 except for WangJiaba station in Huaihe River and Ha‐Erbin station in Songhua River; the frequency of continuous low flow and continuous high flow in Haihe River and the downstream of Yellow River is higher than those in other rivers in China; (iii) annual runoff shows a downward trend in major rivers of China especially in Haihe River, Liao River and the midstream and downstream of Yellow River; (iv) there exist certain abrupt changes of annual runoff in major rivers of China; the abrupt change‐points are different among different river basins; and (v) almost periodicities of annual runoff sequences in major rivers of China are generally 20 years below, that is, 3~7 and 12~20 years. The reasons for these changes are mainly caused by climate change and human activities. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sapovirus as a gastrointestinal pathogen in febrile pediatric patients with cancer
Authors: Moser Olga , Lück Sabrina , Dilloo Dagmar , Eis‐Hübinger Anna Maria , Simon Arne 
Published: October 2011

AbstractHuman caliciviruses are the second most common cause of viral gastroenteritis after rotavirus in children. Unlike norovirus, sapovirus infection is less well characterized and defined in the clinical setting of gastrointestinal disease, and there are no reports of sapovirus infections in pediatric oncology patients receiving chemotherapy treatment. Stool samples from all pediatric oncology patients presenting with fever and diarrhea at one pediatric oncology unit were tested prospectively for sapovirus by real‐time reverse transcription‐PCR sapovirus genogrouping was performed by nested PCR. Sapovirus was detected in 2 of 100 stool specimens prospectively sampled from 58 symptomatic pediatric oncology inpatients between December 2008 and September 2009. Both patients received low‐dose chemotherapy for their underlying conditions at the time of infection with sapovirus. Genogrouping of the viruses showed the presence of a GI.1 strain and GII.3 strain, unlike the most common GI.2 strain responsible for outbreaks in different European countries. The contribution of sapovirus infection to the morbidity of pediatric cancer patients and its potential for nosocomial spread is discussed. Sapovirus, an often unrecognized pathogen, should be considered along with other viruses in pediatric cancer patients suffering from gastrointestinal disease. J. Med. Virol. 83:2233–2236, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecular epidemiology of measles virus in Iran 2009–2010: First detection of measles genotype H1
Authors: Salimi Vahid , Mokhtari‐Azad Talat , Abbasi Simin , NoroozBabaei Zahra , Soltan‐Shahi Rambod , Zahraie Mohsen , Bont Louis , Gouya Mohammad Mehdi 
Published: October 2011

AbstractMeasles virus (MV) genotyping is an important component of measles surveillance in the context of monitoring immunization program effectiveness and documenting MV elimination. The molecular epidemiology and genetic variability of circulating MV strains in Iran during the 2009–2010 were studied in consecutive MV isolates from throat swab and urine. Sequence information obtained from 41 cases based on the 456 nucleotides of the most variable region of the C‐terminal part of the N‐protein revealed that these sequences belonged to two different genotypes. This is the first description of the genetic characterization of sporadic MV genotype H1 cases in northern Iran. Cases were probably linked to MV importation from distant parts of Asia. The genotype H1 has not been detected in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. In addition, both sequence analysis and epidemiologic data indicated that the more recently detected genotype D4 viruses in Iran were related very closely to viruses that were detected in Pakistan, suggesting that these viruses may have been imported from Pakistan. J. Med. Virol. 83:2200–2207, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genetic diversity of echovirus 30 involved in aseptic meningitis cases in Brazil (1998–2008)
Authors: dos Santos Gina Peres Lima , da Costa Eliane Veiga , Tavares Fernando Neto , da Costa Luciana Jesus , da Silva Edson Elias 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAseptic meningitis is one of the most common neurological disorders caused by enteroviruses. Among them, Echovirus 30 (E30) is described as the main etiological agent of many outbreaks and sporadic cases. This study investigated the genomic variability of E30 isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of aseptic meningitis cases that occurred from 1998 to 2008 in Brazil. Over a 10‐year period (1998–2008), 302 non‐polio enteroviruses were isolated, of which 177 were identified as E30 (58.6%). Phylogenetic analysis of the complete VP1 gene (876 nt) of 48 E30 isolates was performed and compared with additional Brazilian and foreign strains. E30 VP1 sequences segregated into three distinct major groups and seven subgroups, which were linked to the isolation year. In general, sequence divergence among E30 strains ranged from 0.2% to 13.8%. A common direct ancestor for this set of E30 strains was not defined. Brazilian isolates from Group I were related genetically to a 1997 USA isolate and both may have a common origin. Group III representatives showed close relationship to the 2007 Argentinean isolates. The present results complement existing data on the molecular characterization and genetic variability of E30 and may contribute to the understanding of the epidemiology of aseptic meningitis in the region. J. Med. Virol. 83:2164–2171, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical features and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma with respect to pre‐S deletion and basal core promoter mutations of hepatitis B virus Genotype C2
Authors: Ryu Han Jak , Kim Do Young , Park Jun Yong , Chang Hye Young , Lee Myoung Ha , Han Kwang‐Hyub , Chon Chae Yoon , Ahn Sang Hoon 
Published: October 2011

AbstractFew studies have reported on the clinical characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) at the time of diagnosis with regard to pre‐S and basal core promoter (BCP) mutations. In this study, the clinical features and prognosis of 126 Korean HCC patients were examined with respect to pre‐S deletion and BCP mutations of hepatitis B virus. The proportion of HCC patients according to tumor‐node‐metastasis stage are as follows: 8.7% in stage I, 31% in stage II, 30.2% in stage III, 21.4% in stage IV‐A, and 8.7% in stage IV‐B. Overall, 40.5% of HCC patients were treated by surgery or ablation, 59.5% by other methods. Patients were divided according to pre‐S deletion and BCP mutations (103 without pre‐S deletion, 23 with pre‐S deletion; 44 without BCP mutation, 82 with BCP mutation). The tumor characteristics and prognosis were evaluated between the groups, including size, number, type, vessel invasion, portal vein thrombosis, and metastasis. No significant difference in tumor characteristics between the HCC patients with pre‐S deletion was observed, compared with the HCC patients without pre‐S deletion. In contrast, the survival rate was lower in those with pre‐S deletion than in those without it (P = 0.024). No difference in tumor characteristics was found in non‐BCP and BCP mutation patients. Unlike the pre‐S deletion group, no difference was observed in survival rate between the non‐BCP and BCP patients. In conclusion, pre‐S deletion and BCP mutations did not affect the initial tumor features. However, pre‐S deletion was an independent risk factor affecting HCC survival. J. Med. Virol. 83:2088–2095, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The high incidence of JC virus infection in urothelial carcinoma tissue in Taiwan
Authors: Shen Cheng‐Huang , Wu Jiann‐Der , Hsu Cheng‐Da , Jou Yeong‐Chin , Lin Chang‐Te , Wang Meilin , Wu Shu‐Fen , Chan Michael W.Y. , Chiang Ming‐Ko , Fang Chiung‐Yao , Chang Deching 
Published: October 2011

AbstractHuman polyomaviruses, JC virus (JCV) and BK virus (BKV), usually remain latent in kidney and urothelial tissue after primary infection. Infection with human polyomavirus has still not been correlated conclusively with malignancy of kidney and urothelial tissue. The present study investigated further the possible relationship between JCV/BKV infection and urothelial carcinoma. Tissue samples were examined from 33 urothelial carcinomas and 5 renal cell carcinomas for JCV/BKV infection, using nested PCR with primers common to both JCV and BKV. The viral genotypes were further verified by endonuclease digestion and DNA sequencing following the PCR. In addition, immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were also performed to detect viral large tumor protein (LT) and the late capsid protein (VP1) in the tissue samples. The results from nested PCR showed that 90.1% (30/33) of the urothelial carcinomas samples and all of the renal cell carcinomas samples (5/5) were JCV DNA positive. Both archetypal and re‐arranged JCV genotypes were detected. On the other hand, BKV DNA was detected in only one (3%) of the urothelial carcinoma tissue samples. The immunohistochemical results showed that 30% (10/33) of urothelial carcinoma tissues was stained positive for large tumor antigen (LT). However, the structural protein VP1 was not detectable in any of the tissue samples examined. The present study demonstrated that JCV is highly prevalent in urothelial carcinoma tissue as is the expression of large tumor antigen. Therefore, the findings support the hypothesis that JCV infection is associated with urothelial carcinoma. J. Med. Virol. 83:2191–2199, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of mutation of the HFE gene on the progression of chronic viral hepatitis B and C in Moroccan patients
Authors: Ezzikouri Sayeh , Rebbani Khadija , Mostafa Ababou , El feydi Abdellah Essaid , Afifi Rajae , Brahim Ikram , Kitab Bouchra , Benazzouz Mustapha , Kandil Mostafa , Nadifi Sellama , Pineau Pascal , Benjelloun Soumaya 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe implication of hemochromatosis (HFE) gene mutations in chronic viral hepatitis remains controversial. The aim of the present study was to measure the frequencies of the common HFE gene mutations in Moroccan subjects with chronic viral hepatitis B and C and to assess their influence on the progression of liver disease. H63D and C282Y mutations were screened by the polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis in 170 chronic hepatitis B patients, 168 chronic hepatitis C patients, and 200 healthy controls. A very small proportion of patients infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV; 1.8% and none, respectively) were heterozygous for the C282Y mutation, that is, rates not statistically different from those observed in healthy control (2%, P > 0.05). Similarly, the frequency of the H63D allele was not significantly different between HBV (13.8%) or HCV (14.3%) patients and controls (13.5%, P > 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that carriers of the H63D mutation infected with HBV are at higher risk to progress towards an advanced liver disease when compared with patients infected with HBV with wild‐type (OR = 2.45, 95% CI = 1.07–5.58). In contrast, no association between HFE mutated HCV‐infected patients and an increased risk of disease progression was found (OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 0.61–2.50, P = 0.547). In conclusion, in Morocco the frequency of the HFE C282Y allele is very low and H63D mutation carriage occurs in almost 14% of the patients, a rate similar in chronic hepatitis patients and healthy controls. In the case of chronic hepatitis B, the carriage of the H63D variant represents a risk factor of evolution towards a more active disease. J. Med. Virol. 83:2096–2102, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clonal analysis of hepatitis B viruses among blood donors from Joinville, Brazil: Evidence of dual infections, intragenotype recombination and markers of risk for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Reis Laura M.W. , Soares Marcelo A. , França Paulo H. , Soares Esmeralda A. , Bonvicino Cibele R. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) is classified into seven major genotypes (A–H). Brazil, a country of continental proportions, has three prevailing lineages of HBV genotypes A, D, and F. Distinct HBV genotypes have been associated with differential risk of disease progression. Pre‐S gene deletions and single nucleotide polymorphisms have also been linked to progression to liver diseases. In this study, the molecular epidemiology of HBV was examined in Southern Brazil. The occurrence of multiple HBV infections, HBV recombination, and genetic markers of disease progression were also evaluated. Seventy‐eight persons infected with HBV had their viruses characterized molecularly by nested PCR, DNA sequencing, and phylogenetic inference. Multiple infections and recombinant viruses were evaluated by clonal and bootscanning analyses. The vast majority (96%) of the strains belonged to different D subgenotypes. Three of the four strains with unresolved genotypic classification showed evidence of dual infections with distinct D subgenotypes by clonal analysis. There was also evidence of intragenotype mosaic viruses. While four viruses had pre‐S deletions as major variants, another two displayed minor variants with such characteristics. One strain carried the F141L mutation, associated recently with increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. These results emphasize the need for monitoring HBV genotype distribution around South America, as well as for the presence of genetic markers of disease progression in subjects diagnosed with HBV recently. J. Med. Virol. 83:2103–2112, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Post‐radiation sarcomas. Clinical outcome of 52 Patients
Authors: Mavrogenis Andreas F. , Pala Elisa , Guerra Giovanni , Ruggieri Pietro 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies reported on post‐radiation sarcomas. However, the incidence, latency from radiation therapy, treatment, and survival has been difficult to evaluate. We performed a retrospective, single‐institutional study to determine these factors for post‐radiation sarcomas.Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively studied 52 patients with post‐radiation sarcomas diagnosed and treated from 1985 to 2011. The mean age was 49 years; 45 patients had bone and 7 soft tissue sarcoma. The mean follow‐up was 45 months. Survival was analyzed with respect to age at diagnosis, type (bone vs. soft tissue), histology, location (trunk vs. extremities), size, and surgical treatment (resection vs. amputation).ResultsThe risk of post‐radiation sarcoma was 0.06% at a mean latency of 15 years (3–50 years) after radiation therapy. The most common histology was osteosarcoma followed by malignant fibrous histiocytoma and fibrosarcoma; all sarcomas were high grade. Survival of the patients with post‐radiation sarcomas was 85% at 1 year, 51% at 2 years, 48% at 3 years, and 45% at 5 years. Univariate predictor of survival was only the type of the sarcoma. No variable was significant in multivariate analysis.ConclusionsPrognosis of post‐radiation sarcomas is poor; the type of the sarcomas is the only significant variable for survival. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 105:570–576. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Photocurable Hydrogel/Elastomer Composite Scaffold with Bi‐Continuous Morphology for Cell Encapsulation
Authors: Hayami James W. S. , Waldman Stephen D. , Amsden Brian G. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA photocurable two‐phase scaffold with a bi‐continuous morphology was designed and characterized for the repair of load bearing soft tissues. AnN‐methacrylate glycol chitosan (MGC) hydrogel phase was used to distribute the cells and enable cell growth once crosslinked. The second phase, an elastomerprepared from astar‐poly(ε‐caprolactone‐co‐D,L‐lactide) triacrylate, was used to enhance the mechanical properties. Chondrocytes were photocrosslinked within the bi‐continuous scaffolds and proliferated, increased metabolic activity and accumulated extracellular matrix over a 14 d culture period. Also during this time no significant material degradation was observed.magnified image
Positive solutions for mixed problems of singular fractional differential equations
Authors: Agarwal Ravi P. , O'Regan Donal , Staněk Svatoslav 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe investigate the existence of positive solutions to the singular fractional boundary value problem: \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$^c\hspace{-1.0pt}D^{\alpha }u +f(t,u,u^{\prime },^c\hspace{-2.0pt}D^{\mu }u)=0$\end{document}, u′(0) = 0, u(1) = 0, where 1 < α < 2, 0 < μ < 1, f is a Lq‐Carathéodory function, \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$q > \frac{1}{\alpha -1}$\end{document}, and f(t, x, y, z) may be singular at the value 0 of its space variables x, y, z. Here \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$^c \hspace{-1.0pt}D$\end{document} stands for the Caputo fractional derivative. The results are based on combining regularization and sequential techniques with a fixed point theorem on cones.
Confirmatory factor structure of anxiety and depression: evidence of item variance across childhood
Authors: Boylan Khrista R. , Miller Jessie L. , Vaillancourt Tracy , Szatmari Peter 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe distinctiveness of anxiety and depressive symptoms in children has previously been questioned based on their high degree of comorbidity, shared risk factors, and treatment response. Developing children may show an unstable presentation of anxiety and depressive symptoms that would complicate interpretation of studies of comorbidity. The present study examined the measurement stability of anxiety and depressive symptoms across time and sex using a large epidemiologic sample of children. A nationally representative cohort of 1329 children (624 girls and 705 boys) aged four to seven in 1994 were drawn from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY). Using eight years of prospective data we examined whether a one or two factor structure of anxiety (five items) and depressive (four items) symptoms would be invariant across time and sex. Despite item variability within each factor across time, confirmatory factor analysis revealed distinct factors for anxiety and depression that were stable across time and sex. Results provide support that covariation between anxiety and depression is not likely the result of measurement overlap. However, items indicating factors of anxiety and depression in the NLSY may not be sufficient to permit developmentally‐sensitive measurement of these factors. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling at very high magnetic field (11.75 T) for high‐resolution mouse brain perfusion imaging
Authors: Duhamel Guillaume , Callot Virginie , Tachrount Mohamed , Alsop David C. , Cozzone Patrick J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWith the increasing number of transgenic mouse models of human brain diseases, there is a need for a sensitive method that allows assessing quantitative whole brain perfusion within a reasonable scan time. Arterial spin labeling (ASL), an MRI technique that permits the noninvasive quantification of cerebral blood flow, has been used to assess rodents brain perfusion. For mice, the reported experiments performed with continuous or pulsed ASL were challenged by poor multislice capability, limited sensitivity, or quantification issues. Here, the recently proposed pseudo‐continuous ASL strategy, which has shown great promise for human studies, was investigated for mouse brain perfusion imaging at 11.75 T. Pseudo‐continuous ASL was experimentally optimized and compared with a standard flow‐sensitive alternating inversion recovery sequence for sensitivity, robustness, absolute quantification, and multislice imaging capability. A sensitivity gain up to 40% and clear advantages for multislice imaging are obtained with pseudo‐continuous ASL. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Applications of stimulated echo correction to multicomponent T2 analysis
Authors: Prasloski Thomas , Mädler Burkhard , Xiang Qing‐San , MacKay Alex , Jones Craig 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe propose a multicomponent fitting algorithm for multiecho T2 data which allows for correction of T2 distributions in the presence of stimulated echoes. Tracking the population of spins in many coherence pathways via the iterated method of the Extended Phase Graph algorithm allows for accurate quantification of echo magnitudes. The resulting decay curves allow for correction of errors due to nonideal refocusing pulses as a result of inhomogeneities in the B1 transmit field. Non‐Negative Least Squares fitting is used to quantify the magnitude of T2 components at various T2 values. This method, allowing calculation of the T2 distribution with simultaneous extraction of the refocusing pulse flip angle, requires no change to image acquisition procedures and no extra data input. Validation by means of both simulations and in vivo data shows excellent interscan reproducibility while vastly improving the accuracy of extracted T2 parameters in voxels where poor B1 homogeneity leads to refocusing pulse flip angles significantly less than 180°. Most notably, myelin water fraction values in these regions are found to have increased consistency and accuracy. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.