bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainable social work: Modelling knowledge production, transfer, and evidence‐based practice
Authors: Gray Mel , Schubert Leanne 
Published: May 2011

Gray M, Schubert L. Sustainable social work: modelling knowledge production, transfer, and evidence‐based social workThis article is a first attempt to present a model of knowledge production and transfer in social work, drawing on the expanding literature on knowledge production. It highlights features of knowledge production in social work, such as the diverse contexts in which knowledge is developed and applied. It argues that knowledge production by itself is not enough. Equally important is knowledge transfer and implementation. The literature on knowledge production highlights problems with the implementation of actually existing knowledge and the potential resistance to this implementation as highly important issues for social work research. It leads to a greater awareness of the context in which knowledge is produced and applied and creates a bridge between traditional informal and tacit ways of knowing in social work and the demands of evidence‐based practice.
Pupil size changes during recognition memory
Authors: Otero Samantha C. , Weekes Brendan S. , Hutton Samuel B. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPupils dilate to a greater extent when participants view old compared to new items during recognition memory tests. We report three experiments investigating the cognitive processes associated with this pupil old/new effect. Using a remember/know procedure, we found that the effect occurred for old items that were both remembered and known at recognition, although it was attenuated for known compared to remembered items. InExperiment 2, the pupil old/new effect was observed when items were presented acoustically, suggesting the effect does not depend on low‐level visual processes. The pupil old/new effect was also greater for items encoded under deep compared to shallow orienting instructions, suggesting it may reflect the strength of the underlying memory trace. Finally, the pupil old/new effect was also found when participants falsely recognized items as being old. We propose that pupils respond to a strength‐of‐memory signal and suggest that pupillometry provides a useful technique for exploring the underlying mechanisms of recognition memory.
Molecular basis of the differential interaction with lithium of glycine transporters GLYT1 and GLYT2
Authors: Pérez‐Siles Gonzalo , Morreale Antonio , Leo‐Macías Alejandra , Pita Guillermo , Ortíz Ángel R. , Aragón Carmen , López‐Corcuera Beatriz 
Published: May 2011

J. Neurochem. (2011) 118, 195–204.AbstractGlycine synaptic levels are controlled by glycine transporters (GLYTs) catalyzing Na+/Cl−/glycine cotransport. GLYT1 displays a 2 : 1 : 1 stoichiometry and is the main regulator of extracellular glycine concentrations. The neuronal GLYT2, with higher sodium coupling (3 : 1 : 1), supplies glycine to the pre‐synaptic terminal to refill synaptic vesicles. In this work, using structural homology modelling and molecular dynamics simulations of GLYTs, we predict the conservation of the two sodium sites present in the template (leucine transporter from Aquifex aeolicus), and confirm its use by mutagenesis and functional analysis. GLYTs Na1 and Na2 sites show differential cation selectivity, as inferred from the action of lithium, a non‐transport‐supporting ion, on Na+‐site mutants. GLYTs lithium responses were unchanged in Na1‐site mutants, but abolished or inverted in mutants of Na2 site, which binds lithium in the presence of low sodium concentrations and therefore, controls lithium responses. Here, we report, for the first time, that lithium exerts opposite actions on GLYTs isoforms. Glycine transport by GLYT1 is inhibited by lithium whereas GLYT2 transport is stimulated, and this effect is more evident at increased glycine concentrations. In contrast to GLYT1, high and low affinity lithium‐binding processes were detected in GLYT2.
Lysosomal accumulation of Trk protein in brain of GM1‐gangliosidosis mouse and its restoration by chemical chaperone
Authors: Takamura Ayumi , Higaki Katsumi , Ninomiya Haruaki , Takai Tomoko , Matsuda Junichiro , Iida Masami , Ohno Kousaku , Suzuki Yoshiyuki , Nanba Eiji 
Published: May 2011

J. Neurochem. (2011) 118, 399–406.AbstractGM1‐gangliosidosis is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by deficiency of lysosomal acid β‐galactosidase (β‐gal). Accumulation of its substrate ganglioside GM1 (GM1) in lysosomes and other parts of the cell leads to progressive neurodegeneration, but underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Previous studies demonstrated an essential role for interaction of GM1 with tropomyosin receptor kinase (Trk) receptors in neuronal growth, survival and differentiation. In this study we demonstrate accumulation of GM1 in the cell‐surface rafts and lysosomes of the β‐gal knockout (β‐gal−/−) mouse brain association with accumulation of Trk receptors and enhancement of its downstream signaling. Immunofluorescence and subcellular fractionation analysis revealed accumulation of Trk receptors in the late endosomes/lysosomes of the β‐gal−/− mouse brain and their association with ubiquitin and p62. Administration of a chemical chaperone to β‐gal−/− mouse expressing human mutant R201C protein resulted in a marked reduction of intracellular storage of GM1 and phosphorylated Trk. These findings indicate that GM1 accumulation in rafts causes activation of Trk signaling, which may participate in the pathogenesis of GM1‐gangliosidosis.
When the method for mapping species matters: defining priority areas for conservation of African freshwater turtles
Authors: Bombi Pierluigi , Luiselli Luca , D’Amen Manuela 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAim Defining priority areas for conservation is essential to minimize biodiversity loss, but the adoption of different methods for describing species distributions influences the outcomes. In order to provide a robust basis for the conservation of freshwater turtles in Africa, we compared the effect that different species‐mapping approaches had on derived patterns of species richness, species vulnerability and protected‐area representativeness.Location Africa.Methods We adopted three different approaches with increasing complexity for generating species distribution maps. The first approach was based on the geographic intersection of species records and grid squares; the second on the union of local convex polygons; and the third on inductive distribution modelling techniques. We used distribution maps, generated using these three approaches, to determine conservation priorities based on geographic patterns of species richness and vulnerability, as well as for conducting gap and irreplaceability analyses.Results We obtained markedly different distribution maps using the three methods, which in turn caused differences in conservation priorities. The grid‐square approach underestimated range sizes and species richness, while the polygon approach overestimated these attributes. The distribution modelling approach provided the most realistic outcome in terms of diversity patterns, by minimizing both commission and omission errors. An integrated map of conservation priority – derived by combining individual measures of priority based on the distribution modelling approach – identified the Gulf of Guinea coast and the Albertine Rift as major priority areas.Main conclusions Each species‐mapping approach has both advantages and disadvantages. The choice of the most appropriate approach in any given situation depends on the availability of locality records and on the relative importance of mitigating omission and commission errors. Our findings suggest that in most circumstances, the use of distribution modelling has many advantages relative to the other approaches. The priority areas identified in this study should be considered for targeting efforts to conserve Africa freshwater turtles in the coming years.
Dispersal through stream networks: modelling climate‐driven range expansions of fishes
Authors: Hein Catherine L. , Öhlund Gunnar , Englund Göran 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAim  To incorporate dispersal through stream networks into models predicting the future distribution of a native, freshwater fish given climate change scenarios.Location  Sweden.Methods  We used logistic regression to fit climate and habitat data to observed pike (Esox lucius Linnaeus) distributions in 13,476 lakes. We used GIS to map dispersal pathways through streams. Lakes either (1) contained pike or were downstream from pike lakes, (2) were upstream from pike lakes, but downstream from natural dispersal barriers, or (3) were isolated from streams or were upstream from natural dispersal barriers. We then used climate projections to model future distributions of pike and compared our results with and without including dispersal.Results  Given climate and habitat, pike were predicted present in all of 99,249 Swedish lakes by 2100. After accounting for dispersal barriers, we only predicted pike presence in 31,538 lakes. Dispersal barriers most strongly limited pike invasion in mountainous regions, but low connectivity also characterized some relatively flat regions.Main conclusions  The dendritic network structure of streams and interconnected lakes makes a two‐dimensional representation of the landscape unsuitable for predicting range shifts of many freshwater organisms. If dispersal through stream networks is not accounted for, predictions of future fish distributions in a warmer climate might grossly overestimate range expansions of warm and cool‐water fishes and underestimate range contractions of cold‐water fishes. Dispersal through stream networks can be modelled in any region for which a digital elevation model and species occurrence data are available.
Hemoglobin and iron indices in nonanemic premenopausal blood donors predict future deferral from whole blood donation
Authors: Pasricha Sant‐Rayn , McQuilten Zoe K. , Keller Anthony J. , Wood Erica M. 
Published: May 2011

BACKGROUND: Iron deficiency anemia is an important reason for blood donor deferral. We prospectively determined whether screening donors with hemoglobin (Hb) and iron indices before donation can predict subsequent deferral due to anemia.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We recruited premenopausal, eligible (nonanemic) female donors. Hb, ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), and hepcidin were measured, and the sTfR/(log)ferritin (sTfR‐F) index was calculated. After 6 months, the donor database was reviewed and whether donors had returned and undergone successful donation was recorded.RESULTS: Of donors, 59 of 261(22.6%) were iron depleted (ferritin < 15 ng/mL). Iron‐depleted donors had donated more often in the previous year, were younger, and had lower Hb. After a minimum of 6 months, 145 eligible donors had returned; of these 10 (6.9%) were deferred for anemia. Donors who developed anemia had significantly lower Hb, ferritin, and hepcidin and higher sTfR and sTfR‐F at baseline. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for Hb as a predictor of deferral was 0.86, and for ferritin was 0.88. Hb of less than 130 g/L and ferritin of less than 10 ng/mL combined had sensitivity 80% and specificity 96% in predicting deferral.CONCLUSION: Screening with Hb and iron indices enables prediction of donors at risk of subsequent anemia and who would most benefit from prevention strategies.
Motivating factors and deterrents for blood donation among donors at a university campus–based collection center
Authors: Yuan Shan , Hoffman Matthew , Lu Qun , Goldfinger Dennis , Ziman Alyssa 
Published: May 2011

BACKGROUND: Insight into motivating factors and barriers for blood donation, especially for young people and underrepresented minorities, is important to donor recruitment and retention. We surveyed donors at a new blood collection facility based on a large, ethnically diverse university campus.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Individuals who had donated or attempted to donate at the facility during the first 17 months of its operation were invited by e‐mail to respond to an anonymous, Web‐based questionnaire. Respondents were asked to provide demographic characteristics, rate the importance of various motivating and deterring factors for blood donation, and indicate how they prefer to be contacted by the blood center.RESULTS: More than 30% of the 1619 invitees responded, 95.6% (n = 479) of whom gave complete responses. The respondents were ethnically diverse, and 79.1% were between 18 and 28 years of age. Altruism was by far the most important motivating factor for donation. However, incentives were also rated as important or very important by 72.2% of the respondents. Inconvenience due to time or location constraints was the most important deterrent. E‐mailing was the most preferred contact method and chosen by 80.3% of those surveyed. Some differences were noted in the responses from members of different age, sex, and ethnic groups.CONCLUSION: Although overall altruism and inconvenience were the major motivating factor and deterrent for blood, some demographic differences existed in donor attitude toward incentive programs and preference for the method of contact used by blood centers for recruitment purposes.
Blood management in pediatric spinal deformity surgery: review of a 2‐year experience
Authors: Hassan Nabil , Halanski Matthew , Wincek Jeni , Reischman Diann , Sanfilippo Dominic , Rajasekaran Surender , Wells Cecilia , Tabert Deborah , Kurt Beth , Mitchell Deanna , Huntington John , Cassidy Jeffrey 
Published: May 2011

BACKGROUND: Pediatric scoliosis surgery is associated with considerable blood loss and allogenic transfusions. Transfusions contribute to morbidities and cost. A perioperative pediatric blood management program was implemented at our institution. Patients received preoperative evaluation, cell salvage, topical hemostasis, antifibrinolytics, and hypotensive anesthesia.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The study was a 2‐year retrospective cohort review of the program's population from September 2007 through August 2009.RESULTS: A total of 110 scoliosis surgeries were performed with only 34 and 12% of the patients requiring preoperative oral iron and erythropoietin, respectively. Neuromuscular scoliosis patients had more repaired segments and a larger transfusion rate than idiopathic scoliosis patients (36% vs. 1.7%, p = 0.001). Transfused patients had more blood loss relative to their blood volume (p = 0.001) and blood loss was associated with higher Cobb angles (p = 0.04). Logistic regression revealed that blood loss (p = 0.001), number of segments fused (p = 0.004), and lower patient weight (p = 0.007) are associated with increased odds for transfusion. Twelve patients (10.9%) were identified with low von Willebrand activity with a trend toward higher blood losses (p = 0.07) with lower activity levels.CONCLUSION: Transfusion requirements in scoliosis patients are dependent on blood loss as determined by Cobb angles and number of segments fused relative to the patients' blood volume as determined by weight. Implementation of a blood management protocol resulted in a low transfusion rate and unexpectedly led to the preoperative diagnosis of a number of patients with low levels of von Willebrand activity.
Assessing the charges associated with hematopoietic stem cell mobilization and remobilization in patients with lymphoma and multiple myeloma undergoing autologous hematopoietic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation
Authors: Hosing Chitra , Smith Veronica , Rhodes Beverly , Walters Kent , Thompson Richmond , Qazilbash Muzaffar , Khouri Issa , de Lima Marcos , Balzer Richard J. , McMannis John , Champlin Richard , Giralt Sergio , Popat Uday 
Published: May 2011

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to perform a detailed analysis of the charges associated with chemomobilization and remobilization of autologous hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and to quantify medical costs and resource utilization associated with these procedures.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Patients with lymphoma underwent chemomobilization with ifosfamide and etoposide with or without rituximab (IE ± R). Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) received a modified hyperfractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, dexamethasone (hyper‐CVAD) regimen after failing to mobilize with growth factors only.RESULTS: Between January 2004 and October 2006, 98 patients with lymphoma underwent HSC mobilization with IE ± R. Mobilization with IE ± R was effective, with 90.8% of patients collecting at least 2 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg. The total charges for treatment were $27,996 and $37,667 for patients mobilized with IE and IE + R, respectively. Hospital readmission for complications occurred in 26.5% of patients, resulting in additional charges of $10,356. The preapheresis procedure charge was estimated to be $2522, the charge for a 2‐day apheresis session was $5160, and the postapheresis phase resulted in charges of $8040. Our analysis determined that reducing apheresis by 1 day has the potential to save $6600. We also performed a retrospective analysis of 16 patients with MM remobilized with a modified hyper‐CVAD regimen. Remobilization was successful, with 87.5% of patients. Our analysis determined that mobilization, preapheresis, apheresis, and postapheresis phase charges were $24,968, $2522, $6158, and $12,060, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: Optimization of HSC mobilization regimens to reduce failure rates would not only benefit patients but also reduce the overall medical costs.
Accumulation of bioactive lipids during storage of blood products is not cell but plasma derived and temperature dependent
Authors: Vlaar Alexander P.J. , Kulik Wim , Nieuwland Rienk , Peters Charlotte P. , Tool Anton T.J. , van Bruggen Robin , Juffermans Nicole P. , de Korte Dirk 
Published: May 2011

BACKGROUND: Bioactive lipids (lysophosphatidylcholines [lysoPCs]) accumulating during storage of cell‐containing blood products are thought to be causative in onset of transfusion‐related acute lung injury through activation of neutrophils. LysoPCs are thought to be derived from cell membrane degradation products such as phosphatidylcholines (PC) by partial hydrolysis of PC, a process that is catalyzed by phospholipase A2 (PLA2).STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We investigated the underlying mechanisms of lysoPC generation and its contribution to in vitro neutrophil‐priming capacity during storage of red blood cells (RBCs), platelet (PLTs) concentrates, and cell‐free plasma. Blood from healthy volunteers was drawn, processed, and stored according to Sanquin Blood Bank protocols.RESULTS: Storage of RBCs in saline‐adenine‐glucose‐mannitol (SAGM) did not result in accumulation of lysoPCs or neutrophil‐priming capacity. Replacement of SAGM by plasma as RBC storage medium caused elevated lysoPC levels on Day 0, which did not further increase during storage. Cell‐free plasma stored at 22°C showed accumulation of lysoPCs during storage, which was not present at 4°C. Addition of a soluble PLA2 or cytosolic PLA2 inhibitor did not prevent accumulation of lysoPCs in plasma. In PLTs, lysoPC accumulation during storage was plasma dependent, but lysoPCs did not explain the observed neutrophil‐priming effect as preventing accumulation of lysoPCs by removing the plasma fraction did not prevent the neutrophil‐priming capacity.CONCLUSION: Accumulation of lysoPCs during storage is not cell but plasma derived and storage temperature dependent and does not explain the neutrophil‐priming effect of aged products.
Lymphatics: At the Interface of Immunity, Tolerance, and Tumor Metastasis
Authors: SHIELDS JACQUELINE D. 
Published: May 2011

Please cite this paper as: Shields (2011). Lymphatics: At the Interface of Immunity, Tolerance, and Tumor Metastasis. Microcirculation 18(7), 517–531.AbstractThe lymphatic system has long been accepted as a passive escape route for metastasizing tumor cells. The classic view that lymphatics solely regulate fluid balance, lipid metabolism, and immune cell trafficking to the LN is now being challenged. Research in the field is entering a new phase with increasing evidence suggesting that lymphatics play an active role modulating inflammation, autoimmune disease, and the anti‐tumor immune response. Evidence exists to suggest that the lymphatics and chemokines guide LN bi‐functionally, driving immunity vs. tolerance according to demand. At sites of chronic inflammation, autoimmunity, and tumors, however, the same chemokines and aberrant lymphangiogenesis foster disease progression. These caveats point to the existence of a complex, finely balanced relationship between lymphatics and the immune system in health and disease. This review discusses emerging concepts in the fields of immunology, tumor biology, and lymphatic physiology, identifying critical, overlapping functions of lymphatics, the LN and lymphoid factors in tipping the balance of immunity vs. tolerance in favor of a growing tumor.
Unusual peripheral odontogenic tumors in the differential diagnosis of gingival swellings
Authors: Manor Yifat , Merdinger Ofer , Katz Joseph , Taicher Shlomo 
Published: May 2011

Abstract. Differential diagnosis of gingival mass lesions includes several conditions and causes. Peripheral odontogenic tumors may mimic gingival swellings and, although rare, must be included in the differential diagnosis. The purpose of this article is to describe 3 different cases of peripheral odontogenic tumors and to discuss the differential diagnosis of gingival swelling. Histologic examination is mandatory when localized gingival swellings are surgically removed.ZusammenfassungUngewöhnliche periphere odontogene Tumoren bei der Differentialdiagnose von GingivaschwellungenDie Differentialdiagnose von Gingivaläsionen schließt verschiedene Befunde und Ursachen ein. Periphere odontogene Tumoren können Gingivaschwellungen imitieren und sie müssen, obwohl sie selten sind, in die Differentialdiagnose einbezogen werden. Der Zweck dieses Artikels ist es drei verschiedene Fälle von peripheren odontogenen Tumoren zu beschreiben und die Differentialdiagnose von Gingivaschwellungen zu diskutieren. Die histologische Untersuchung ist zwingend notwendig, wenn die lokalisierten Gingivaschwellungen chirurgisch entfernt werden.RésuméTumeurs odontogènes périphériques rares et diagnostic différentiel des intumescences de la genciveLe diagnostic différentiel des lésions de la masse gingivale comprend des affections et des causes sévères. Les tumeurs odontogènes périphériques peuvent avoir l'aspect d'intumescences de la gencive, et bien qu'elles soient rares, elles doivent être prises en considération lors du diagnostic diférentiel. Le but du présent article est de décrire 3 cas différents de tumeurs odontogènes périphériques et de discuter le diagnostic différentiel de l'intumescence gingivale. L'examen histologique est une obligation lors de l'ablation chirugicale d'intumescences gingivales localisées.