bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical parameters in male genital lichen sclerosus: a case series of 329 patients
Authors: Edmonds E.V.J. , Hunt S. , Hawkins D. , Dinneen M. , Francis N. , Bunker C.B. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackground  The dermatological aspects of male genital lichen sclerosus (MGLSc) have not received much prominence in the literature. Sexual morbidity appears under‐appreciated, the role of histology is unclear, the relative places of topical medical treatment and circumcision are not established, the prognosis for sexual function, urinary function and penis cancer is uncertain and the pathogenesis has not been specifically studied although autoimmunity (as in women) and HPV infection have been mooted.Objective  To illuminate the above by analysing the clinical parameters of a large series of patients with MGLSc.Methods  A total of 329 patients with a clinical diagnosis of MGLSc were identified retrospectively from a dermatology‐centred multidisciplinary setting. Their clinical and histopathological features and outcomes have been abstracted from the records and analysed by simple descriptive statistics.Results  The collation and analysis of clinical data derived from the largest series of men with MGLSc ever studied from a dermatological perspective has been achieved. These data allow the conclusions below to be drawn.Conclusions  MGLSc is unequivocally a disease of the uncircumcised male; the adult peak is late in the fourth decade; dyspareunia is a common presenting complaint; non‐specific histology requires careful interpretation; most men are either cured by topical treatment with ultrapotent steroid (50–60%) or by circumcision (>75%); effective and definitive management appears to abrogate the risk of developing penile squamous cell carcinoma; urinary contact is implicated in the pathogenesis of MGLSc; HPV infection and autoimmunity seem unimportant.
A pilot randomized controlled trial to examine the feasibility and efficacy of an educational nursing intervention to improve self‐management practices in patients with mild‐moderate psoriasis
Authors: Ersser S.J. , Cowdell F.C. , Nicholls P.G. , Latter S.M. , Healy E. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackground  Large numbers of people are expected to self‐manage their skin condition, but limited attention has been given to studies of self‐management in psoriasis, neither clearly highlighting the challenge nor seeking to develop interventions to support its effectiveness.Objectives  1. To test the feasibility of a new educational intervention to enable people with psoriasis to self‐manage more effectively an adequately powered multi‐centred trial design through piloting.Method  Pilot randomized controlled trial with adults (n = 64) with mild‐moderate psoriasis in Primary Care in the United Kingdom. Both groups continued with usual treatment. A theory‐based educational intervention was designed. The primary outcome measure was the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). Secondary measures included the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) and qualitative feedback from participants. Assessment of the feasibility of the intervention included recruitment and acceptability to participants.Results  Delivery of the intervention was feasible and positively evaluated. Recruitment strategies and the intervention need minor modification. As a pilot study there was insufficient power to detect significant score changes. Sub group analysis of participants with a PASI or DLQI of >6 indicated a modest reduction in PASI in the intervention group which demonstrates a trend that may indicate that this intervention has potential value for people with moderate psoriasis when combined with qualitative data.Conclusion  This study highlights the feasibility of delivering a self‐efficacy based educational intervention for people with mild‐moderate psoriasis in primary care establishing the numbers and design required for an adequately powered multi‐centred trial.
Peeling skin diseases: 21 cases from Turkey and a review of the literature
Authors: Köse O. , Safali M. , Koç E. , Arca E. , Açikgöz G. , Özmen İ. , Yeniay Y. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackground  Peeling skin diseases (PSD) refer to a group of rare autosomal recessive dermatosis which are characterized by spontaneous, continual peeling of the skin. Three different clinical pictures can be distinguished: Inflammatory PSD also referred to as peeling skin syndrome (PSS) type B, non‐inflammatory PSD also referred to as PSS type A, and localized forms i.e. acral type PSS.Objective  To characterize the clinical and histopathological features of PSD in Turkey.Methods  We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and clinical photographs of patients who were given diagnosis of PSD and conducted histopathological evaluation of skin biopsies to identify the site of cleavage. Also we evaluated the cases including age, gender, age onset, clinical and histological findings, family history, associated disorders and PSD type.Results  Twenty‐one patients with PSD were seen at Gulhane School of Medicine in Ankara between the years 1994 and 2010 in this retrospective study. All patients were men. Their ages were between 20 and 26 years (22.44 ± 2.30, Mean age ± SD). Of the patients, eight cases (40%) were type A, eight cases (40%) were type B, and five cases (20%) were acral type PSS. Eleven cases (52%) had parental consanguinity. Keratoderma, cheilitis, keratosis pilaris, melanonichia, clubbing, hyperhidrosis, onychodystrophy were observed in eight cases as an accompanying disorder.Conclusions  In this case series, PSD occurred rarely and also showed generally mild course of disease in Turkey and most likely related to consanguineous of marriages. Future investigations on PSD will contribute to our progressing alternative targets for pathogenesis‐based therapy.
Parenting stress and children with cerebral palsy: a European cross‐sectional survey
Authors: PARKES JACKIE , CARAVALE BARBARA , MARCELLI MARCO , FRANCO FRANCESCO , COLVER ALLAN 
Published: June 2011

Aim  The aim of this study was to describe stress in the parents of children with cerebral palsy and investigate associations with very high stress.Method  A cross‐sectional survey was conducted of parents of 818 children aged 8 to 12 years from nine regions in Europe. Families were eligible to participate if they were living in one of the specified geographic areas. Parental stress was captured using the Parenting Stress Index Short Form, which has 36 items and takes 10 minutes to complete. Parents rate items on a 5‐point Likert scale, with higher scores indicating higher stress. The Short Form yields scores on three subscales and a Total Stress score. A trained research associate administered the questionnaire in the child’s home and visits lasted 90 to 120 minutes. All data collected were reported by parents unless otherwise stated.Results  The Total Stress score on the Parenting Stress Index was dichotomized into scores of less than 99 or 99 or more, the latter indicating ‘very high’ stress. Most respondents were mothers (94%), and 26% reported very high stress levels. The parents of children with communication impairment had higher odds for very high stress (odds ratio [OR] 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2–3.0) than those whose child had no such impairment; the parents of children with moderate or severe pain had higher odds for very high stress (OR 1.7 [95% CI 1.1–2.4] and 2.5 [95% CI 1.5–4.3] respectively) than those whose child had no pain; and the parents of children with an intellectual impairment had higher odds for very high stress (OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.2–2.9) than those whose child had none. There was no association between very high stress and motor impairment. The subscales ‘parent–child dysfunctional interaction’ and ‘difficult child’ contributed most to the Total Stress score.Interpretation  Parents of children with communication difficulties, intellectual impairment, or pain are at very high risk of stress. The final model explained 12% of the observed variation in very high stress.
Oral and non‐oral sensorimotor interventions enhance oral feeding performance in preterm infants
Authors: FUCILE SANDRA , GISEL ERIKA G , MCFARLAND DAVID H , LAU CHANTAL 
Published: June 2011

Aim  The aim of this study was to determine whether oral, tactile/kinaesthetic (T/K), or combined (oral+T/K) interventions enhance oral feeding performance and whether combined interventions have an additive/synergistic effect.Method  Seventy‐five preterm infants (mean gestational age 29wk; standard error of the mean [SEM] 0.3wk; mean birthweight 1340.3g; SEM 52.5g; 49 males and 26 females) were randomly assigned to one of three intervention groups or a control group. The oral group received sensorimotor input to the oral structures, the T/K group received sensorimotor input to the trunk and limbs, and the combined group received both. The outcomes were time from introduction of nipple feeding to independent oral feeding (d), proficiency (intake in the first 5min, %), volume transfer (%), rate of transfer (mL/min), volume loss (%), and length of hospital stay (d).Results  Infants in the three intervention groups achieved independent oral feeding 9–10 days earlier than those in the control group (p<0.001; effect size 1.9–2.1). Proficiency (p≤0.002; effect size 0.7–1.4) at the time of one to two and three to five oral feedings per day, volume transfer (p≤0.001; effect size 0.8–1.1) at one to two, three to five, and six to eight oral feedings per day, and overall rate of transfer (p≤0.018; effect size 0.8–1.1) were greater, and overall volume losses were less (p≤0.007; effect size 0.9–1.1), than in the control group (p≤0.042). The combined group attained independent oral feeding at a significantly younger postmenstrual age than controls (p=0.020) and had clinically greater proficiency than the T/K group (p=0.020; effect size 0.7) and oral group (p=0.109; effect size 0.5). Length of hospital stay was not significantly different between groups (p=0.792; effect size 0.02–0.3).Interpretation  Oral and T/K interventions accelerated the transition from introduction to independent oral feeding and enhanced oral feeding skills. T/K has beneficial effects beyond the specific targeted system. The combined sensorimotor intervention led to an additive/synergistic effect for proficiency, further benefiting this population.
Bureaucracy and place: expertise in the European Quarter
Authors: KUUS MERJE 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBureaucratic structures and procedures are an integral part of the production of political space today. Analyses of geopolitical practices must therefore unpack the bureaucratic context in which these practices unfold on a daily basis. This is particularly important if we wish to understand transnational processes that operate at scales and in contexts other than the familiar contours of the nation‐state. In this article, I focus on one bureaucratic centre of geopolitics – the European Quarter in Brussels, Belgium, the institutional centre of the European Union. Drawing from scholarship on geopolitics and policy‐making, as well as primary interview material from field research in Brussels, I make two related points – (1) that we need detailed close‐up studies of the bureaucratic settings of contemporary geopolitics, and (2) that we must carefully situate such settings in their place‐specific contexts to reveal dynamics that remain unnoticed from afar. Empirically, the article contributes to the interdisciplinary scholarship on the EU as a transnational power centre of global importance. Theoretically, it seeks to improve our understanding of geopolitics as a bureaucratic and material practice.
How the web was won … by some
Authors: Tattersall Andy 
Published: June 2011

Abstract HILJ readers may have encountered the phrase library 2.0 which has polarised librarians, with some sceptical whether library 2.0 offers anything new. Others are confident that the convergence of service goals and ideas with emerging Web 2.0 technologies will lead to a new generation of library services. Andrew Tattersall’s article, ‘How the Web was Won’, belongs in the latter camp. His thesis is that Web 2.0 and Library 2.0 have opened up a whole new world for exploration by information and library professionals. Although the Web has created problems for the modern day explorer, potentially there is a bright future for information professionals if they are to succeed in deploying the resources.JM
Temporal changes of soil physical and hydraulic properties in strawberry fields
Authors: Bamberg A. L. , Cornelis W. M. , Timm L. C. , Gabriels D. , Pauletto E. A. , Pinto L. F. S. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractEven over short time intervals, soil properties are subject to variation, especially in managed soils. The objective of this study was to assess the temporal changes of soil physical and hydraulic properties in strawberry fields cultivated under surface drip fertigation in Turuçu, Brazil. Intact core samples were collected from the near surface soil layer of seedbeds to determine the total porosity (TP), macroporosity (MA), matrix porosity, bulk density (BD), available water capacity (AWC), field capacity, wilting point and Dexter’s S index. Aggregate samples were collected from the arable layer to determine the aggregate size distribution and aggregate mean weight diameter. All samples were collected from 15 strawberry fields and at four different times during the 2007–2008 strawberry growing cycle. Although soil pore‐solid relations are expected to adjust soon after seedbed construction, their variation was only evident after >13 weeks. Even though values of TP and MA decreased with time, and those of BD increased near the end of the growing cycle, all the soils maintained their capacity to support root activity as indicated by critical values of Dexter’s index (S > 0.03). The amount of relatively large aggregates (9.51–2.00 mm) and AWC increased towards the end of the strawberry cultivation cycle. With changes in soil structure improving soil physical quality, strawberry development benefitted. We showed that if farmers gradually increase the amount of water through fertigation to a maximum value occurring at the end of crop cycle instead of applying water at a constant rate, water and energy use efficiency in agriculture would improve.
Treatment of accidental ethanol intoxication with hemodialysis in a dog
Authors: Keno Lisa A. , Langston Cathy E. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjective
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To describe the successful treatment of accidental ethanol intoxication with hemodialysis in a dog.Case Summary
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A 1.5‐year‐old female intact mixed breed dog was presented in a comatose state believed to be due to ethanol intoxication. The initial 9 hours of supportive care treatment were complicated by multiple seizures and hypothermia, and resulted in only minimal improvement in the dog's level of consciousness. Hemodialysis was implemented and resulted in rapid clinical recovery, corresponding to a rapid decline in serum ethanol concentration.New or Unique Information Provided
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To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of using hemodialysis to treat accidental ethanol intoxication in a dog. The patient's initial serum ethanol concentration was higher than those previously reported for cases of accidental ethanol intoxication in dogs, and the serum ethanol concentration was shown to rapidly decline during hemodialysis. Treatment with hemodialysis for severe ethanol intoxication was effective in this case and may be able to decrease morbidity and mortality in some cases.
Comparison of the IKr blockers moxifloxacin, dofetilide and E‐4031 in five screening models of pro‐arrhythmia reveals lack of specificity of isolated cardiomyocytes
Authors: Nalos L , Varkevisser R , Jonsson MKB , Houtman MJC , Beekman JD , van der Nagel R , Thomsen MB , Duker G , Sartipy P , de Boer TP , Peschar M , Rook MB , van Veen TAB , van der Heyden MAG , Vos MA 
Published: June 2011

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSEDrug development requires the testing of new chemical entities for adverse effects. For cardiac safety screening, improved assays are urgently needed. Isolated adult cardiomyocytes (CM) and human embryonic stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes (hESC‐CM) could be used to identify pro‐arrhythmic compounds. In the present study, five assays were employed to investigate their sensitivity and specificity for evaluating the pro‐arrhythmic properties of IKr blockers, using moxifloxacin (safe compound) and dofetilide or E‐4031 (unsafe compounds).EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHAssays included the anaesthetized remodelled chronic complete AV block (CAVB) dog, the anaesthetized methoxamine‐sensitized unremodelled rabbit, multi‐cellular hESC‐CM clusters, isolated CM obtained from CAVB dogs and isolated CM obtained from the normal rabbit. Arrhythmic outcome was defined as Torsade de Pointes (TdP) in the animal models and early afterdepolarizations (EADs) in the cell models.KEY RESULTSAt clinically relevant concentrations (5–12 µM), moxifloxacin was free of pro‐arrhythmic properties in all assays with the exception of the isolated CM, in which 10 µM induced EADs in 35% of the CAVB CM and in 23% of the rabbit CM. At supra‐therapeutic concentrations (≥100 µM), moxifloxacin was pro‐arrhythmic in the isolated rabbit CM (33%), in the hESC‐CM clusters (18%), and in the methoxamine rabbit (17%). Dofetilide and E‐4031 induced EADs or TdP in all assays (50–83%), and the induction correlated with a significant increase in beat‐to‐beat variability of repolarization.CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONSIsolated cardiomyocytes lack specificity to discriminate between TdP liability of the IKr blocking drugs moxifloxacin and dofetilide or E4031.
Novel insights into the delayed vasospasm following subarachnoid haemorrhage: importance of proteinase signalling
Authors: Hollenberg Morley D 
Published: June 2011

This article summarizes the findings of Kameda et al. (this issue of BJP) that suggest a new avenue for the pharmacological treatment of subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) involving the combined use of a proteinase inhibitor (argatroban) that targets thrombin and an antioxidant (vitamin C). The findings are presented in the context of previous modalities of treating SAH that are of modest impact and the possibility that inhibiting proteinase‐mediated signalling via proteinase‐activated receptors like the thrombin PAR1 receptor combined with blocking oxidative stress may provide a new avenue for the treatment of SAH.LINKED ARTICLE This article is a commentary on Kameda et al., pp. 106–119 of this issue. To view this paper visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1476‐5381.2011.01485.x
Anti‐inflammatory effects of selective glucocorticoid receptor modulators are partially dependent on up‐regulation of dual specificity phosphatase 1
Authors: Joanny Eugénie , Ding Qize , Gong Leyi , Kong Philip , Saklatvala Jeremy , Clark Andrew R 
Published: June 2011

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSEIt is thought that the anti‐inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids (GCs) are largely due to GC receptor (GR)‐mediated transrepression of NF‐κB and other transcription factors, whereas side effects are caused by activation of gene expression (transactivation). Selective GR modulators (SGRMs) that preferentially promote transrepression should retain anti‐inflammatory properties whilst causing fewer side effects. Contradicting this model, we found that anti‐inflammatory effects of the classical GC dexamethasone were partly dependent on transactivation of the dual specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1) gene. We wished to determine whether anti‐inflammatory effects of SGRMs are also mediated by DUSP1.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHDissociated properties of two SGRMs were confirmed using GR‐ and NF‐κB‐dependent reporters, and capacity to activate GC‐responsive elements of the DUSP1 gene was tested. Effects of SGRMs on the expression of DUSP1 and pro‐inflammatory gene products were assessed in various cell lines and in primary murine Dusp1+/+ and Dusp1−/−macrophages.KEY RESULTSThe SGRMs were able to up‐regulate DUSP1 in several cell types, and this response correlated with the ability of the compounds to suppress COX‐2 expression. Several anti‐inflammatory effects of SGRMs were ablated or significantly impaired in Dusp1−/− macrophages.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONSLike dexamethasone, SGRMs appear to exert anti‐inflammatory effects partly via the up‐regulation of DUSP1. This finding has implications for how potentially therapeutic novel GR ligands are identified and assessed.
A Noteworthy Absence: How and why Race and Racism is Ignored by Public Administration Scholarship
Authors: Witt Matthew T. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis article examines the substantial lack of inquiry by public administration scholarship into how race shapes and has been shaped by U.S. public institutions, laws and public administration. The paper finds that pertinent matters of racism have evolved in the shadow of public administrative practices, and that the relevance, each for the other, warrants substantially more inquiry.
Anglo‐Norman Administrations and Their Historians
Authors: Christelow Stephanie Mooers 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis essay explores the ways in which historians of the past several decades have viewed and defined the development of English government following the Norman Conquest in 1066. Organization will turn on three related themes: the nature of interactions between local and royal administrations; the origins, purposes and functions of post‐Conquest institutions; and the degree to which centralization of royal power was achieved through administrative tactics. Recently, historians have argued that local governments exerted strong influence on central authority and that their administrative techniques were adapted to the goals of royal government; that Anglo‐Norman administrative structures and political institutions rested on continental and insular precedents; and that goals of centralization and the efficacy of central governments may have been misconstrued.
Thermodynamic Evaluation and Optimization of the Al2O3–SiO2–AlF3–SiF4 Reciprocal System Using the Modified Quasichemical Model
Authors: Lambotte Guillaume , Chartrand Patrice 
Published: June 2011

All available thermodynamic and phase diagram data for the ternary reciprocal system Al2O3–SiO2–AlF3–SiF4 have been critically reviewed. The oxyfluoride liquid solution was modeled using the Modified Quasichemical Model in the Quadruplet Approximation and the most reliable data have been used to optimize the model parameters. The mullite solid solution was previously modeled using the Compound Energy Formalism. Data for fluor‐topaz have been critically reviewed and a new thermodynamic description has been obtained. Phase equilibrium with the gas phase in the reciprocal system at 1 bar is reproduced.
Synthesis and Characterization of YB4 Ceramics
Authors: Zaykoski J. A. , Opeka M. M. , Smith L. H. , Talmy I. G. 
Published: June 2011

Yttrium tetraboride was synthesized by reactions of Y2O3 with B4C or with a B4C/C mixture. Fully dense YB4 ceramics were prepared by hot‐pressing at 1800°C and 20 MPa in He. The flexural strength and microhardness of the YB4 were about 300 MPa and 27 GPa, respectively. Pure YB4 showed considerable oxidation above 1200°C. The effect of SiC, AlN, and AlN/SiC on the properties of YB4 ceramics was characterized. No chemical interactions were identified in the YB4–SiC and YB4–AlN pseudo binaries. The addition of SiC improved the oxidation resistance below 1200°C. At higher temperatures, the low viscosity of a surface melt caused its continuous runoff and the loss of the oxidation‐protection capability of the scale. The addition of AlN/SiC improved the oxidation resistance compared to the ceramics containing only SiC, which was attributed to the presence of Al2O3 in the Y2O3–SiO2–B2O3 glass leading to an increase in its viscosity and preventing glass runoff. A significant improvement in the oxidation resistance of the YB4 ceramics and extension of their oxidation stability to 1400°C was accomplished by the introduction of AlN only.