bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relative importance of hypertension compared with hypervolemia for increasing cerebral oxygenation in patients with cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Raabe Andreas , Beck Jügen , Keller Mike , Vatter Hartmuth , Zimmermann Michael , Seifert Volker 
Published: May 2009

Object. Hypervolemia and hypertension therapy is routinely used for prophylaxis and treatment of symptomatic cerebral vasospasm at many institutions. Nevertheless, there is an ongoing debate about the preferred modality (hypervolemia, hypertension, or both), the degree of therapy (moderate or aggressive), and the risk or benefit of hypervolemia, moderate hypertension, and aggressive hypertension in patients following subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Methods. Monitoring data and patient charts for 45 patients were retrospectively searched to identify periods of hypervolemia, moderate hypertension, or aggressive hypertension. Measurements of central venous pressure, fluid input, urine output, arterial blood pressure, intracranial pressure, and oxygen partial pressure (PO2) in the brain tissue were extracted from periods ranging from 1 hour to 24 hours. For these periods, the change in brain tissue PO2 and the incidence of complications were analyzed.
During the 55 periods of moderate hypertension, an increase in brain tissue PO2 was found in 50 cases (90%), with complications occurring in three patients (8%). During the 25 periods of hypervolemia, an increase in brain oxygenation was found during three intervals (12%), with complications occurring in nine patients (53%). During the 10 periods of aggressive hypervolemic hypertension, an increase in brain oxygenation was found during six of the intervals (60%), with complications in five patients (50%).
Conclusions. When hypervolemia treatment is applied as in this study, it may be associated with increased risks. Note, however, that further studies are needed to determine the role of this therapeutic modality in the care of patients with cerebral vasospasm. In poor-grade patients, moderate hypertension (cerebral perfusion pressure 80–120 mm Hg) in a normovolemic, hemodiluted patient is an effective method of improving cerebral oxygenation and is associated with a lower complication rate compared with hypervolemia or aggressive hypertension therapy.
Angiographic and clinical results in 316 coil-treated basilar artery bifurcation aneurysms
Authors: Henkes Hans , Fischer Sebastian , Mariushi Wagner , Weber Werner , Liebig Thomas , Miloslavski Elina , Brew Stefan , Kühne Dietmar 
Published: May 2009

Object. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of the endovascular treatment of basilar artery (BA) bifurcation aneurysms and to compare the results with those published by other neuroendovascular teams.
Methods. The authors performed a retrospective analysis of 316 aneurysms of the BA bifurcation that had been treated using endovascular coil occlusion between November 6, 1992, and February 12, 2005. After the initial embolization procedure, a 90 to 100% occlusion rate was achieved in 86% of the aneurysms. No complication was evident in 80% of the lesions, although periprocedural aneurysm rupture (3.2%) and thromboembolic events (12.3%) were the most frequent complications. Clinical outcome according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) was a score of 5 or 4 in 77%, 3 in 11%, 2 in 5%, and 1 in 7% of patients. Initial follow-up angiography studies were obtained in 56% of patients at a mean of 19 months posttreatment and demonstrated a 90 to 100% occlusion rate in 70%. No recurrence was seen on 65% of the aneurysms. Coil compaction was evident on 24% of the follow-up angiograms.
A second treatment was performed on 48 aneurysms (15%) a mean of 27 months after the first therapeutic session and resulted in 90 to 100% occlusion in 83% of the lesions. Complications were encountered in 19% of the aneurysms. Rupture did not occur during any of the procedures. Clinical outcome was rated as GOS Score 5 or 4 in 83% of the patients and Grade 3 in 17%.
During a cumulative clinical follow up of 821 years in 237 patients, 182 patients (81%) were independent (GOS Score 5 or 4), 33 (14%) were dependent (GOS Score 3), eight (3%) were in a vegetative state, and two (1%) had died. Clinical outcome was significantly worse after previous aneurysm rupture and following procedural complications.
Conclusions. These results are within the range of published data for coil treatment of BA tip aneurysms and confirm both the safety and efficacy of this endovascular treatment method.
Modified boron neutron capture therapy for malignant gliomas performed using epithermal neutron and two boron compounds with different accumulation mechanisms: an efficacy study based on findings on neuroimages
Authors: Miyatake Shin-Ichi , Kawabata Shinji , Kajimoto Yoshinaga , Aoki Atsushi , Yokoyama Kunio , Yamada Makoto , Kuroiwa Toshihiko , Tsuji Motomu , Imahori Yoshio , Kirihata Mitsunori , Sakurai Yoshinori , Masunaga Shin-Ichiro , Nagata Kenji , Maruhashi Akira , Ono Koji 
Published: May 2009

Object. To improve the effectiveness of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) for malignant gliomas, the authors used epithermal rather than thermal neutrons for deep penetration and two boron compounds—sodium borocaptate (BSH) and boronophenylalanine (BPA)—with different accumulation mechanisms to increase the boron level in tumors while compensating for each other's faults.
Methods. Thirteen patients, 10 of whom harbored a glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), one a gliosarcoma, one an anaplastic astrocytoma, and one an anaplastic oligoastrocytoma, were treated using this modified BNCT between January 2002 and December 2003. Postoperatively, neuroimaging revealed that only one patient with a GBM had no lesion enhancement postoperatively. The patients underwent 18F-BPA positron emission tomography, if available, to assess the accumulation and distribution of BPA before neutron radiotherapy. The neutron fluence rate was estimated using the Simulation Environments for Radiotherapy Applications dose-planning system before irradiation. The patients' volume assessments were performed using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging or computerized tomography (CT) scanning. Improvements in the disease as seen on neuroimages were assessed between 2 and 7 days after irradiation to determine the initial effects of BNCT; its maximal effects were also analyzed on serial neuroimages.
The mean tumor volume before BNCT was 42.3 cm3. Regardless of the pre-BNCT tumor volume, in every patient harboring an assessable lesion, improvements on MR or CT images were recognized both at the initial assessment (range of volume reduction rate 17.4–71%, mean rate 46.4%) and at follow-up assessments (range of volume reduction rates 30.3–87.6%, mean rate 58.5%). More than 50% of the contrast-enhanced lesions disappeared in eight of the 12 patients during the follow-up period.
Conclusions. This modified BNCT produced a good improvement in malignant gliomas, as seen on neuroimages.
Silylated Melamine and Cyanuric Acid as Precursors for Imprinted and Hybrid Silica Materials with Molecular Recognition Properties
Authors: Arrachart Guilhem , Carcel Carole , Trens Philippe , Moreau Jöel J. E. , Wong Chi Man Michel 
Published: May 2009

AbstractImprinted materials: Monosilylated derivatives of melamine and cyanuric acid are used in the preparation of hybrid silica. The assembly of the melamine and cyanuric acid moieties through molecular recognition properties is the key factor in building a bridged silsesquioxane and an imprinted hybrid silica (see picture).magnified imageTwo monotrialkoxysilylated compounds that consist of complementary fragments of melamine (M) and cyanuric acid (CA) have been synthesised. The molecular recognition properties of the M and CA fragments through complementary hydrogen bonds (DAD and ADA; D=donor, A=acceptor) are the key factor used to direct the formation of hybrid silica materials by using a sol–gel process. These materials were synthesised following two methods: First, an organo‐bridged silsesquioxane was obtained by the hydrolysis of the two complementary monotrialkoxysilylated melamine and cyanuric acid derivatives, with fluoride ions as a catalyst. The hydrogen‐bonding interactions between the two organic fragments are responsible for the formation of the bridging unit. The transcription of the assembly into the hybrid material was characterised and evidenced by solid‐state NMR (29Si, 13C) and FTIR spectroscopic experiments. Second, the molecular recognition was exploited to synthesise an imprinted hybrid silica. This material was prepared by co‐condensation of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) with the monosilylated cyanuric acid derivative (CA) templated by nonsilylated melamine. The melamine template was completely removed by treating the solid material with hydrochloric acid. The reintroduction of the template was performed by treating the resulting material with an aqueous suspension of melamine. These steps were monitored and analysed by several techniques, such as solid‐state NMR (29Si, 13C) and FTIR spectroscopic analysis and nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms.
Construction of Nitrogen‐Containing Heterocycles by CH Bond Functionalization
Authors: Thansandote Praew , Lautens Mark 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBringing synthesis into the 21st century! How can nitrogen heterocycles be synthesized today? An overview of modern methods for nitrogen‐heterocycle formation is given. Chemists can now use readily available materials combined with CH bond functionalization to prepare common nitrogen heterocycles.magnified imageNitrogen heterocycles are abundant in natural products and pharmaceuticals. An emerging interest among synthetic chemists is to use CH functionalization to construct the nitrogen‐containing core of these heterocycles. The following article will provide a brief overview of this concept with respect to the type of CH bond functionalized.
Molecular mechanisms of mechanosensing in muscle development
Authors: Jani Klodiana , Schöck Frieder 
Published: May 2009

AbstractMechanical forces are crucial to muscle development and function, but the mechanisms by which forces are sensed and transduced remain elusive. Evidence implicates the sarcolemmal lattice of integrin adhesion and the Z‐disk components of the contractile machinery in such processes. These mechanosensory devices report changes in force to other cellular compartments by self‐remodeling. Here we explore how their structural and functional properties integrate to regulate muscle development and maintenance. Developmental Dynamics 238:1526–1534, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Algorithms for connected component labeling based on quadtrees
Authors: Aizawa Kunio , Tanaka Shojiro , Motomura Koyo , Kadowaki Ryosuke 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAn algorithm of linear time complexity is presented to label connected components of a binary image by a quadtree. For a given node, the search for all adjacent nodes is carried out inO(1) (i.e., constant time complexity for the worst case) using our formerly presented algorithm in (Aizawa et al., 3rd International Symposium on Communications, Control, and Signal Processing,2008, 505–510), whereas it explores all possible adjacencies for each node in a usual way. Then during the process of tree formulation in the search, all equivalent relations of labels are stored as lists. Time complexity of the algorithm isO(B+W) for the worst case and its auxiliary space is no more thanO(B), whereBandWcorrespond to the number of leaf nodes in a quadtree representing black and white quadrants, respectively. Empirical tests of the algorithm are employed in comparison with another linear time connected component labeling algorithm based on top‐down quadtree traversal algorithm (Samet, IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell PAMI‐7 (1985), 94–98), as well as traditional row‐by‐row scanning algorithm using linear time Union‐Find (Fiorio and Gustedt, Theor Comput Sci 154 (1996), 165–181). Our algorithm has shown the best performance in large images. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 19, 158–166, 2009.
A bioartificial surgical patch from multilayered human amniotic membrane—In vivo investigations in a rat model
Authors: Kesting Marco Rainer , Wolff Klaus‐Dietrich , Mücke Thomas , Demtroeder Cedric , Kreutzer Kilian , Schulte Matthias , Jacobsen Frank , Hirsch Tobias , Loeffelbein Denys John , Steinstraesser Lars 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe study was performed to evaluate the suitability of glycerol‐cryopreserved human amniotic membrane (HAM) as a surgical patch, far from its common use in ophthalmic surgery. In vivo experiments in rat models were performed to study the degradation patterns, biocompatibility, postoperative tissue formation and its suitability for abdominal wall closure. Degradation and thickness of the membranes were assessed over a period of 60 days after subdermal implantation of monolayer and multilayer HAM in 96 immunocompetent and immunosuppressed rats. The tissue response was mild, and histological analysis evaluated that multilayer application and immunosuppression prolonged graft survival significantly. In a second rat model, another 18 animals were monitored over a period of 28 days after abdominal wall reconstruction with multilayered HAM. Polypropylene mesh (Prolene®) and polyglactin910/polydioxanon patches (Ethisorb®) served as controls. Gross examination and histological analysis proved that multilayer HAM was a sufficient material for abdominal wall closure in comparison with the polypropylene mesh and was superior to the polyglactin910/polydioxanon patch. Additionally, significantly reduced postoperative intraabdominal adhesions were observed when compared to the polyglactin910/polydioxanon patch. This study demonstrates that HAM is a biocompatible, resorbable surgical patch in a rat xenotransplantation model and serves as a mechanically sufficient material for abdominal wall closure in a small animal model. These findings are encouraging and justify further research for the use of cryopreserved human amniotic membrane in soft tissue repair. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
An overview of distal tephrochronology in northern Europe during the last 1000 years
Authors: Wastegård Stefan , Davies Siwan M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractSeveral tephra layers from the last millennium have been identified in distal peat and lake sediment sequences in northern Europe, forming a framework of volcanic events of great value for palaeoenvironmental investigations. Most of the tephras within this framework have an origin in Iceland, but distal layers from Jan Mayen have also been identified. The predominant transport pathway, in an easterly–southeasterly direction, has led to the deposition of these tephras in a number of terrestrial deposits in northern Europe. Ash from silicic eruptions (>63% SiO2) dominate at these sites, even though many of the documentary records in distal areas report tephra fall from several basaltic eruptions. Here we provide an overview of the distribution, shard concentration and geochemistry of these tephras to highlight the most important isochrones for addressing key dating issues. In particular, three horizons – Hekla‐1 (AD 1104), Öræfajökull (AD 1362) and Askja (AD 1875) – are found at a number of different locations in northern Europe and as such are valuable tie‐points for improving and validating chronological models and for synchronisation of records spanning the last 1000 years. In addition, we present new data identifying tephra from the Grímsvötn volcanic system within the Lomonosovfonna ice cap on Svalbard, demonstrating that some tephras have been transported 2000 km to as far north as 79° N along a northeasterly trajectory. This discovery highlights the potential for utilising tephrochronology as a correlation tool for palaeoarchives located in more northerly areas and the complex nature of fall‐out from different eruptions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On wafer‐scaled GaAs HEMTs: Direct and robust small signal modeling up to 50 GHz
Authors: Caddemi Alina , Crupi Giovanni , Macchiarella Alessio 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis article is aimed at extracting an accurate multibias small signal equivalent circuit for on‐wafer microwave HEMTs, which are based on AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructure. The main advantage of the on‐wafer characterization consists of having the possibility to determine the real microwave performance of the transistors, since the inclusion of additional parasitic effects, such as in the case of the packaging and wire bonding, are avoided. The presented small signal modeling technique is direct. As a matter of fact, the equivalent circuit elements are extracted from scattering parameter measurements by using only analytical formulas, without any optimization procedures. The validity of the obtained circuit models is successfully verified by comparing simulated and measured data of scaled GaAs HEMTs up to 50 GHz. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1958–1963, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24492
In vitro generation of murine myeloid dendritic cells from CD34‐positive precursors
Authors: Stephen Tom‐Li , Harms Fabian , Fabri Mario , Flenner Eva , Bessler Martina , Hafke Helena , Meemboor Sonja , Kalka Christoph , Kalka‐Moll Wiltrud 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDendritic cells (DCs) link the innate and adaptive immune system. Currently, murine DCs for cell biology investigations are developed from MHC class II‐negative bone marrow (BM) precursor cells, non‐depleted BM cells or BM monocytes in the presence of granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF). Here we demonstrate an isolation procedure of functionally intact myeloid CD11c+ CD11b+ DCs derived from murine CD34‐positive precursors. DCs derived from CD34+ cells show functional internalization, maturation, cytokine secretion, MHC‐restricted antigen presentation, and MHCII retrograde transport of antigens from the lysosomes to the cell surface. In comparison to the established method, the advantages of this isolation procedure are a shorter cultivation period, a superior transfection efficiency, the yield of a purer and more homogeneous population of immature DCs, and less consumption of cell culture medium and GM‐CSF. The new isolation procedure and the functional quality of CD34+ cell‐derived murine myeloid DCs make them ideally suited for immunology and cell biology studies.
Sub‐mitogenic phorbol myristate acetate co‐stimulation rescues the PHA‐induced activation of both naïve and memory T cells cultured in the rotating‐wall vessel bioreactor
Authors: Simons Donald M. , Gardner Elizabeth M. , Lelkes Peter I. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractT lymphocytes are unresponsive to T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation during culture in spaceflight or ground‐based microgravity analogs such as the rotating‐wall vessel (RWV) bioreactor. The TCR‐induced activation of a subset of T cells can be rescued in the RWV by co‐stimulation with sub‐mitogenic doses of phorbol ester (PMA). We report that PMA co‐stimulation of primary human T cells cultured in the RWV rescues the phytohemagglutinin (PHA)‐induced activation of the CD8+ and CD4+ T cell subsets as well as naïve and memory CD4+ T cells. Importantly, T cells activated in the RWV by PHA + PMA contained these subsets in proportions strikingly similar to control cultures activated with PHA alone. The data indicate that rescuing T cell activation with PMA co‐stimulation does not significantly perturb the heterogeneity of the responding cells, and represent an important proof of principle for the design of immune‐boosting agents for use in spaceflight.
Confidential inquiries into maternal deaths: Modifications and adaptations in Ghana and Indonesia
Authors: Hussein Julia , D'Ambruoso Lucia , Armar‐Klemesu Margaret , Achadi Endang , Arhinful Daniel , Izati Yulia , Ansong‐Tornui Janet 
Published: May 2009

AbstractObjectiveFactors contributing to the limited use of confidential inquiries into maternal deaths include the negative focus and demotivating effect of such inquiries, perceptions of unavailability of sufficient documentation of events, and lack of time and resources. To ascertain whether these problems can be overcome, variations to confidential inquiries into maternal deaths were introduced in Ghana and Indonesia.MethodsClinical review panels were set up as part of the usual process of confidential inquiries, and modifications to the confidential inquiries were introduced. In Ghana, the traditional confidential inquiry process focusing on health facility care was modified to introduce the assessment of positive factors. In addition to the assessment of positive factors, adaptations in Indonesia consisted of including cases of obstetric complications, as well as deaths, and the use of interview testimonials as data sources. Information about resource and time needs for conducting confidential inquiries was collected.ResultsThe introduction of positive aspects to the process provided a balanced and more motivating setting for the inquiry. The data obtained from case notes in district hospitals and interview testimonials provided sufficient information to assess why maternal deaths and severe complications occurred. The costs of conducting the inquiries ranged from US $4000 to US $11 000 (per study), and the estimated time required for a panel member to review each case was more than 3 hours.ConclusionThis study introduced practical ways to encourage the implementation of maternal death reviews, inquiries, and audits that are context specific and, therefore, acceptable to local practitioners.
Maternal death review in Africa
Authors: Pearson Luwei , deBernis Luc , Shoo Rumishael 
Published: May 2009

AbstractObjectiveWHO, UNICEF, and UNFPA with other development partners have supported African Ministries of Health to institutionalize maternal death review (MDR) since 2003. To evaluate the program, its status, lessons learned, and the challenges to success were reviewed in 2007.MethodsA standard self‐administered questionnaire was sent to Ministries of Health in 46 Sub‐Saharan African countries in May 2007. Completed questionnaires were returned by e‐mail, processed, and analyzed.ResultsThirty countries completed the survey questionnaire. Maternal death is a notifiable condition in 21 (67%) counties. A national committee has been set up to plan, coordinate, and implement MDR activities in 7 countries. Fifteen countries stated that facility‐based MDR is the main method selected for conducting reviews of the causes of maternal death. Fourteen (47%) countries reported that national MDR guidelines had been developed and 12 (40%) had implemented the guidelines. Fifteen (50%) countries reported that maternal deaths were reviewed and analyzed. Only 7 countries reported that the government had allocated a budget for MDR. Implementation of MDR has led to local policy changes and improvement in quality of maternal health services in several countries. Ten of the 15 countries in which analysis has been conducted reported that recommendations have been implemented at least at the health facility level.ConclusionAlthough use of MDR is increasing in African countries, effective coverage is still low. The institutionalization of MDR requires political commitment, legal and administrative back‐up, financial support, capacity development, simplified reporting forms and procedures, coordinated support of development partners, involvement of professional bodies, and regular supportive follow‐up.