bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FGF‐2‐loaded collagen scaffolds attract cells and blood vessels in rat oral mucosa
Authors: Jansen Richard G. , Van Kuppevelt Toin H. , Daamen Willeke F. , Kuijpers‐Jagtman Anne M. , Von den Hoff Johannes W. 
Published: July 2009

Background:  Wound contraction and scar formation after cleft palate repair impair the growth of the maxilla. The implantation of a growth factor‐loaded scaffold might solve these problems.Methods:  The tissue response to fibroblast growth factor (FGF)‐2 loaded collagen scaffolds was evaluated after implantation in the palate of rats. Scaffolds, with and without FGF‐2, were implanted submucoperiosteally in the palate of 25 rats and evaluated after up to 16 weeks. On hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)‐stained sections, the cell density and the number of giant cells within the scaffolds were quantified. Infiltration of inflammatory cells, myofibroblasts, and the number of blood vessels were quantified after immunohistochemistry.Results:  The cell density was significantly higher in the FGF‐2 group up to 4 weeks after implantation (102% at 2 weeks, P < 0.001). The number of blood vessels was also significantly higher in the FGF‐2 group at 1 and 2 weeks (316% at 1 week, P = 0.003), but the myofibroblast score was lower (100% at 2 weeks, P = 0.008). A comparable mild and rapidly subsiding inflammatory response and foreign body reaction were found in both groups.Conclusion:  FGF‐2‐loaded scaffolds displayed a faster influx of host cells, an increased rate of vascularization, and a reduced differentiation of myofibroblasts. These scaffolds might therefore be highly suitable for intra‐oral reconstructions, such as cleft palate repair.
Cellular effects of genotoxic stress and gene silencing of the checkpoint kinases in human oral cells
Authors: Ji Jae‐Hoon , Jang Young‐Joo 
Published: July 2009

Backround: The human oral cells have different physiological properties and different origins in developmental stages. Mechanical, physiological, and chemical stress can cause damage and irritation during clinical treatment in various oral tissues.Purpose: The effects of DNA damage response and gene silencing of checkpoint kinases (Chk1/2) is not unclear in oral primary and cancer cells.Method: Treatment with doxorubicin involving DNA damage and gene silencing of Chk1/2 by shRNA constructs was performed in pulp, periodontal ligament, gingival tissues (HGF), and mouth epithelial carcinoma cells (KB).Results: The KB cells were more sensitive to genotoxic stress response than oral primary cells. Endogenous levels of Chk1/2 in KB cell were higher than in pulp cells. When doxorubicin was administered, Chk2 activation was induced in KB cell, but not in pulp cells. However, viability in KB cells did not decrease by the suppression of the checkpoint proteins, whereas primary cells were defective in gene silencing. When doxorubicin treatment and gene silencing were combined, both primary cells and KB cell were defective. Moreover, in case of KB cell, cell death was increased and activation of Chk2 was increased in doxorubicin dose‐dependent.Conclusion: These data indicate that not only stress response mechanism may be different in oral primary and cancer cells but also Chk1/2 proteins may have essential roles in oral primary cells. Based on these data, checkpoint proteins may be crucial drug targets for oral cancer therapy.
Activation of nuclear factor‐kappa B correlates with tumor necrosis factor‐alpha in oral lichen planus: a clinicopathologic study in atrophic‐erosive and reticular form
Authors: Zhou Gang , Xia Kun , Du Ge‐fei , Chen Xin‐ming , Xu Xue‐yi , Lu Rui , Zhou Hong‐mei 
Published: July 2009

Backgroud:  Nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) is believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases, including oral lichen planus (OLP). The objective of the present study was to investigate the possible relationship between NF‐κB activation and expression of tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) in OLP and their expression pattern in relation to several clinical features.Methods:  Thirty OLP cases were divided into atrophic‐erosive form (14 cases) and reticular form (16 cases) according to their clinical manifestations. The expression of NF‐κB p65 and TNF‐α of both two groups were investigated by immunohistochemical staining, and the percentage of positive cells was calculated in each case. Biopsies of 10 normal oral mucosa (NOM) also underwent the same procedure as controls.Results:  Nuclear factor‐kappa B p65 nuclear staining was found in nuclei of basal and suprabasal epithelial keratinocytes in OLP, however, no positive staining was found in NOM. Positive TNF‐α staining was detected in cytoplasm of basal epithelial keratinocytes in OLP, and only scattered staining was detected in NOM. Expression of NF‐κB p65 and TNF‐α were significantly different with respect to clinical forms and lesion sites (P < 0.05), except for genders (P > 0.05) in 30 OLP cases. NF‐κB nuclear staining positively correlated (r = 0.676, P < 0.01) with TNF‐α overexpression in OLP.Conclusions:  Nuclear factor‐kappa B activation and its correlation with overexpression of TNF‐α may play an important role in pathogenesis of OLP. There might be a positive regulatory loop between NF‐κB and TNF‐α, which may contribute to inflammation in OLP; NF‐κB may also protect epithelial keratinocytes from excessive apoptosis.
Detection of human papilloma virus DNA in seven cases of focal epithelial hyperplasia in Iran
Authors: Falaki F. , Amir Chaghmaghi M. , Pakfetrat A. , Delavarian Z. , Mozaffari P. M. , Pazooki N. 
Published: July 2009

Background:  Focal epithelial hyperplasia (FEH), also known as Heck’s disease, is a very rare disease of the oral cavity especially in Asia. It is a disease of children and young adults. Various causes have been implicated but in majority of cases FEH is caused by some subtypes of human papilloma virus (HPV) especially 13 and 32. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a useful tool to identify HPV in FEH as it is a rapid and sensitive method.Objective:  This study was designed to determine special HPV subtypes in seven cases of Heck’s disease referring to our department by using PCR analysis.Method:  Paraffin sections of seven patients clinically diagnosed as FEH with compatible histhopathological features underwent DNA extraction procedures for PCR examination. Initially, all specimens were tested for presence of HPV virus followed by specific PCR testing for 16, 18, 13, and 32 subtypes in positive samples.Results:  Human papilloma virus was found in all samples. In five cases HPV13 and in one case HPV32 was positive. One case showed strong reactivity for HPV but none of tested subtypes were positive. All cases were negative for HPV 16 and 18.Conclusions:  Similar with other studies about FEH, most of our cases were associated with HPV 13 but other subtypes may also be implicated.
Immunohistochemical expression of RANKL, RANK, and OPG in human oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Chuang Fu‐Hsiung , Hsue Shue‐Sang , Wu Chung‐Wei , Chen Yuk‐Kwan 
Published: July 2009

Background:  The mechanism of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) invading jawbone remains controversial. Interactions between receptor activator of NF‐κB (RANK) and its ligand (RANKL) are required for osteoclastogenesis. The binding of RANK and RANKL induces differentiation of osteoclasts, leading to bony destruction. Osteoprotegerin (OPG), a decoy receptor for RANKL, also binds to RANKL by competing with RANK, and this could protect against osseous destruction.Materials and methods:  Immunoexpression of RANKL, RANK, and OPG in 25 cases of human buccal SCCs without bony invasion and 15 cases of gingival SCCs with mandibular bony invasion was investigated. Normal oral mucosa from five individuals without betel‐quid chewing or cigarette smoking was used as a control. The scores are designated as percentage of positive staining × intensity of staining for each section.Results:  Strong cytoplasmic staining of RANKL proteins is detected in cancer cells of both buccal and gingival SCCs. The same protein is identified in cytoplasm of osteoclasts for all cases involving bony invasion. Strong cytoplasmic staining of RANKL is confined to basal layer for all normal mucosa. A similar staining pattern is noted for RANK protein in all buccal and gingival SCCs. An absence of staining of RANK protein is noted for all normal tissues. Weak to negative cytoplasmic stained OPG protein is present in all buccal and gingival SCCs, but is absent in all normal tissues.Conclusion:  These findings suggest the potential value of the RANK/RANKL/OPG pathway as biomarkers in human oral SCCs.
Angiogenic and lymphangiogenic microvessel density in recurrent pleomorphic adenoma
Authors: Soares Andresa B. , De Araújo Vera C. , Juliano Priscila B. , Altemani Albina 
Published: July 2009

Background:  Recurrent pleomorphic adenoma (RPA) is an uncommon and challenging disease. The aim of this study was to determine if there is a difference between RPA and the pleomorphic adenoma (PA) without recurrence related to tumor blood and lymphatic vascularization. Moreover, we compared the microvessel density (MVD) between cell‐rich areas (predominance of epithelial cells) and cell‐poor areas (predominance of myxoid and chondroid areas) of the stroma of PA and RPA. In addition, immunohistochemical staining for the Ki‐67 antigen was conducted simultaneously to evaluate cell proliferation in PA and RPA.Methods:  A total of 19 cases of PA and 24 cases of RPA, blood, and lymphatic vessels were analyzed by immunohistochemical technique using the antibodies CD34, CD105, D2‐40, and Ki‐67.Results:  Comparing no recurrent with recurrent tumor, no significant difference was found in terms of lymphatic vessel density, MVD, and proliferation index. When MVD and proliferation index were compared with different areas in cellular composition (cell‐rich and cell‐poor areas), there was a significant difference in PA, as well as in RPA.Conclusion:  This study shows that although RPA presents more aggressive clinical behavior than PA, there is no difference between tumor blood and lymphatic vascularization, suggesting that there is no correlation between vascularity and risk of recurrence. Furthermore, vascularized stroma in PA, as well as RPA, depends on the proportion of the cellular composition.
Up‐regulation of osteolytic mediators in human osteosarcoma cells stimulated with nicotine
Authors: Ho Y.‐C. , Yang S.‐F. , Huang F.‐M. , Chang Y.‐C. 
Published: July 2009

Background and Objective:  Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor in the development and further progression of periodontal diseases. However, little is known about how nicotine influences the expression of osteolytic mediators in cigarette smoking‐associated periodontal diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of interleukin‐1, interleukin‐8, receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL), gelatinases and tissue‐type plasminogen activator in U2OS cells (from the human osteosarcoma cell line) stimulated with nicotine.Material and Methods:  Differences in the expression of interleukin‐1, interleukin‐8 and RANKL mRNAs, in response to exposure to various concentrations of nicotine (0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 mm) were evaluated in U2OS cells using the reverse transcripttion–polymerase chain reaction.In addition, the levels of interleukin‐1, interleukin‐8 and RANKL proteins were determined using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. The gelatinolytic and caseinolytic activities in nicotine treated‐U2OS cells were demonstrated using gelatin and casein zymography, respectively.Results:  Nicotine was found to increase the expression of interleukin‐1, interleukin‐8 and RANKL mRNA and protein in U2OS cells (p < 0.05). The gelatin zymograms revealed that matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2 and MMP‐9 were secreted by U2OS cells. The secretion of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 occurred in a dose‐dependent manner that was dependent on the concentration of nicotine (p < 0.05). Casein zymography exhibited a caseinolytic band with a molecular weight of 70 kDa, indicative of the presence of tissue‐type plasminogen activator. Tissue‐type plasminogen activator was also found to be up‐regulated by nicotine in a dose‐dependent manner (p < 0.05).Conclusion:  Taken together, the results of the present study indicated that smoking modulation of bone destruction in periodontal disease may involve various osteolytic mediators, such as interleukin‐1, interleukin‐8, RANKL, MMP‐2, MMP‐9, and tissue‐type plasminogen activator.
Regulation of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases by basic fibroblast growth factor and dexamethasone in periodontal ligament cells
Authors: Hakki S. S. , Hakki E. E. , Nohutcu R. M. 
Published: July 2009

Background and Objectives:  In this study, we investigated the effect of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and dexamethasone (Dex) on mRNA expressions of collagen (COL) type I, III and X, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)‐1, ‐2, ‐3 and ‐9 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP)‐1 and ‐2, and also on mineralization and morphology of periodontal ligament (PDL) cells.Material and Methods:  Periodontal ligament cells were obtained from premolar teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons. Periodontal ligament cells were cultured with Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium containing: (1) 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS); (2) 5% FBS + ascorbic acid (AA, 50 μg/mL); (3) 5% FBS + Dex (10−7 m) + AA; (4) 5% FBS + bFGF (10 ng/mL) + AA; or (5) 5% FBS + Dex (10−7 m) + bFGF + AA. Cells within each group were evaluated for gene expression profile using semi‐quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction for COL I, III and X, MMP‐1, ‐2, ‐3 and ‐9 and TIMP‐1 and ‐2 on days 14 and 21 and for biomineralization by von Kossa stain in vitro on day 21. Images of PDL cells were examined using a phase contrast microscope.Results:  Basic fibroblast growth factor stimulated MMP‐1, MMP‐3 and MMP‐9 mRNA expressions and inhibited TIMP‐2 mRNA expression. Treatment of cells with Dex + bFGF led to downregulation of MMP‐1, MMP‐3 and MMP‐9 transcripts. Whilst AA alone and Dex alone induced biomineralization of PDL cells, bFGF blocked the mineralization activity of the cells. In the Dex + bFGF group, more mineral nodules were noted when compared to AA alone and Dex alone groups.Conclusion:  The addition of Dex to culture reversed bFGF‐mediated inhibition of mineralization. Use of combined bFGF and Dex to regulate PDL cell function may be a good therapeutic option to obtain periodontal regeneration.
Indoor tanning injuries: an evaluation of FDA adverse event reporting data
Authors: Dowdy John C. , Sayre Robert M. , Shepherd James G. 
Published: July 2009

Background/Aims: In 1979 the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) designated indoor tanning units would be regulated medical devices and that each must have an exposure timer. In 1985 FDA added a scheduled series of doses designed to allow tanning with little risk of concomitant sunburn. Subsequently FDA/CDRH maintained databases in which medical device associated injuries were reported. The databases, MAUDE and its predecessor MDR, are available online. While these records, in part, are not intended for evaluation of adverse event rates, analysis provides insight into the etiology of UV‐related tanning injuries.Methods/Results: We compiled 142 records reported for 1985‐2006 including 22% noninjury malfunctions. Of the reported injuries ∼50% resulted from UV exposure, an average of <1/year resulted in hospitalization. At least 36% of the UV‐related injuries were attributable to various (user/operator) noncompliance with FDA sunlamp guidance policies. During 1985–1995 there were six times more UV injuries than 1996–2006, presumably reflecting cessation of much mandatory reporting in 1996. Injury reports declined steady from 1997 to 2006.Conclusions: FDA guidance appears most efficacious in injury prevention and we encourage its incorporation into the enforceable performance standard. We also advise that tanning industry professional training programs seek standardization/accreditation of their personnel certifications through recognized accreditation bodies such as ANSI or ISO/IEC.
Estimated ultraviolet doses to psoriasis patients during climate therapy
Authors: Nilsen Lill T. N. , Søyland Elisabeth , Krogstad Anne. L. 
Published: July 2009

Background/purpose: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting about 2–3% of the population. Sun exposure has a positive effect on most lesions, but ultraviolet (UV) radiation also constitutes a carcinogenic potential. Climate therapy is frequently used to treat patients, with the consequence that they may receive high doses of UV. This paper explores UV doses to patients treated in Gran Canaria.Methods: Patient UV doses have been estimated for 20 psoriasis patients during a 15‐day climate therapy study and compared with the predetermined exposure schedule and doses reported from other studies. Estimates were based on UV measurements and the patients' diaries with information on the time spent in the sun.Results: On the first day of exposure, the patients received on average 5.1 standard erythema doses (SED) estimated to the skin. The average dose for the 15‐day study was 166 SED (250 SED for a regular 3‐week treatment period). We found no significant correlation between the reduction in psoriasis area severity index scores and UV doses.Conclusion: The UV doses were higher than if they had followed the prescribed exposure schedule and also higher than those reported from other climate therapy studies. It seems beneficial to focus on following the prescribed exposure schedule.
Validation of the body scanner as a measuring tool for a rapid quantification of body shape
Authors: Bretschneider Thorsten , Koop Urte , Schreiner Volker , Wenck Horst , Jaspers Sören 
Published: July 2009

Background: Currently, the body scanner, using laser‐triangulation, is one of the most precise measuring tools for the rapid quantification of body shape. The VITUS body scanner is a laser‐based system based on a principle called triangulation and the scan produced describes the distance to a surface at each point in the picture. The body scanner has multiple applications such as determining body measurements for tailoring, anthropometric investigations and cosmetic surgery. There are also intensive investigations into the effect of weight gain and thus body shape on health risks. In order to be of value, the body scanner needs to generate precise, accurate and reproducible data.Aims: To determine the precision and reproducibility of the VITUS XXL 3D body scanner.Methods: The measurements of geometric shapes (cones, columns) and human body parts (mid‐thigh) were compared using a measuring tape and the body scanner.Results: The precision of the measurements of the circumferences of a truncated cone and a column was within 1 mm of the actual values (0.29%). The reproducibility of the measurements was very good. The standard deviation in the measurement of a truncated cone was only 0.13% of the actual value. Likewise, the standard deviation of the thigh measurement of 12 human subjects was <1%.Conclusion: These results show that the body scanner can accurately, precisely and reproducibly measure the circumference of objects and human body parts.
Factors associated with traumatic dental injuries among 12‐year‐old schoolchildren in South India
Authors: David Jamil , Åstrøm Anne N. , Wang Nina J. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract –  Aims: To assess the prevalence of, and correlates of traumatic dental injuries among 12‐year‐old schoolchildren in Kerala. Material and Methods: A cross‐sectional, two‐stage cluster sampling technique was used. The sample size included 838 12‐year‐old school children. Traumatic dental injuries to the anterior teeth were evaluated clinically by one examiner. Teeth examined were maxillary and mandibular incisors and canines. The children answered a structured questionnaire on sociodemographics, subjective oral health assessments and behavioural aspects. Results: Six per cent of the 12‐year‐old school children had traumatic dental injuries to the anterior teeth. The right central incisors were most frequently affected. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that boys (Adjusted Odds Ratio (Adj OR) = 2.2, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.1–4.1) and children who disagreed that good marks in school were important to them (Adj OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.2–4.3) had a higher probability of having traumatized teeth than other children. Conclusions: The prevalence of traumatized anterior teeth among 12‐year‐olds in Kerala was low compared with other studies. Being male and negative about future career were associated with a higher probability of having a traumatized tooth.
Customized mandibular orthotics in the prevention of concussion/mild traumatic brain injury in football players: a preliminary study
Authors: Dave Singh G. , Maher Gerald J. , Padilla Ray R. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract –  Background/Aim:  It is accepted that sports mouthguards decrease the incidence of dental injuries in athletes, but the value of oral orthotics in the prevention of concussion/mild traumatic brain injuries in footballers remains contentious. However, previous investigations have primarily studied non‐customized mouthguards without dental/temporo‐mandibular joint examinations of the subjects. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine whether the use of a customized mandibular orthotic after temporo‐mandibular joint assessment reduces the incidence of concussion/mild traumatic brain injuries in high‐school football players.Materials and methods:  Using a longitudinal, retrospective design, data were collected from a cohort of football players (n = 28) over three seasons using a questionnaire. The mean age of the sample prior to the use of the customized mandibular orthotic was 17.3 years ± 1.9. Prior to deployment, dental records and temporo‐mandibular joint evaluations were undertaken, as well as neurocognitive assessment, including history of concussion/mild traumatic brain injuries. After establishing optimal jaw position, a customized mandibular orthotic was fabricated to the new spatial relations.Results:  The mean age of the sample after three seasons was 19.7 years ± 2.0. Prior to the use of the customized mandibular orthotic, the mean self‐reported incidence of concussion/mild traumatic brain injuries was 2.1 ± 1.4 concussive events. After the deployment of the customized mandibular orthotic the number of concussive events fell to 0.11 ± 0.3 with an odds ratio of 38.33 (95% CI 8.2–178.6), P < 0.05.Conclusion:  The preliminary results of this study suggest that a customized mandibular orthotic may decrease the incidence of concussion/mild traumatic brain injuries in high‐ school football athletes, but a comprehensive study is required to confirm these initial findings. Furthermore, additional research is necessary to indicate the possible mode(s) of action of a customized mandibular orthotic in the prevention of concussion/mild traumatic brain injuries.
Wordsworth, Scott, and the Stereographic Picturesque
Authors: Graver Bruce 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis essay examines the relationship between nineteenth‐century stereo photography and the picturesque tradition. Stereo photography and the stereoscope made possible a technological extension of the principles of picturesque representation, and early landscape stereographers exploited these possibilities in ways that sometimes heightened the realism of their photographs, and sometimes distorted it. These same stereographers also extensively photographed scenes associated with the life and works of William Wordsworth and Walter Scott, creating a photographic iconography of these authors that is an essential, and as yet largely unwritten, part of their reception history. The last part of the essay attempts to sketch out this reception history, concentrating especially on the stereo photographs of George Washington Wilson and Thomas Ogle.