bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corrective supramalleolar osteotomy for malunited pronation-external rotation fractures of the ankle
Authors: Hintermann B. , Barg A. , Knupp M. 
Published: October 2011

We undertook a prospective study to analyse the outcome of 48 malunited pronation-external rotation fractures of the ankle in 48 patients (25 females and 23 males) with a mean age of 45 years (21 to 69), treated by realignment osteotomies. The interval between the injury and reconstruction was a mean of 20.2 months (3 to 98).In all patients, valgus malalignment of the distal tibia and malunion of the fibula were corrected. In some patients, additional osteotomies were performed. Patients were reviewed regularly, and the mean follow-up was 7.1 years (2 to 15).Good or excellent results were obtained in 42 patients (87.5%) with the benefit being maintained over time. Congruent ankles without a tilted talus (Takakura stage 0 and 1) were obtained in all but five cases. One patient required total ankle replacement.
Age at hip or knee joint replacement surgery predicts likelihood of revision surgery
Authors: Wainwright C. , Theis J.-C. , Garneti N. , Melloh M. 
Published: October 2011

We compared revision and mortality rates of 4668 patients undergoing primary total hip and knee replacement between 1989 and 2007 at a University Hospital in New Zealand. The mean age at the time of surgery was 69 years (16 to 100). A total of 1175 patients (25%) had died at follow-up at a mean of ten years post-operatively. The mean age of those who died within ten years of surgery was 74.4 years (29 to 97) at time of surgery. No change in comorbidity score or age of the patients receiving joint replacement was noted during the study period. No association of revision or death could be proven with higher comorbidity scoring, grade of surgeon, or patient gender. We found that patients younger than 50 years at the time of surgery have a greater chance of requiring a revision than of dying, those around 58 years of age have a 50:50 chance of needing a revision, and in those older than 62 years the prosthesis will normally outlast the patient. Patients over 77 years old have a greater than 90% chance of dying than requiring a revision whereas those around 47 years are on average twice as likely to require a revision than die. This information can be used to rationalise the need for long-term surveillance and during the informed consent process.
HRTEM Study of the Role of Nanoparticles in ODS Ferritic Steel under Dual-Ion Irradiation
Authors: Hsiung Luke , Tumey Scott , Fluss Michael , Serruys Yves , Willaime Francois 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTStructures of nanoparticles and their role in dual-ion irradiated Fe-16Cr-4.5Al-0.3Ti-2W-0.37Y2O3 (K3) ODS ferritic steel produced by mechanical alloying (MA) were studied using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) techniques. The observation of Y4Al2O9 complex-oxide nanoparticles in the ODS steel imply that decomposition of Y2O3 in association with internal oxidation of Al occurred during mechanical alloying. HRTEM observations of crystalline and partially crystalline nanoparticles larger than ~2 nm and amorphous cluster-domains smaller than ~2 nm provide an insight into the formation mechanism of nanoparticles/clusters in MA/ODS steels, which we believe involves solid-state amorphization and re-crystallization. The role of nanoparticles/clusters in suppressing radiation-induced swelling is revealed through TEM examinations of cavity distributions in (Fe + He) dual-ion irradiated K3-ODS steel. HRTEM observations of helium-filled cavities (helium bubbles) preferably trapped at nanoparticle/clusters in dual-ion irradiated K3-ODS are presented.
Association of Serum and Crevicular Visfatin Levels in Periodontal Health and Disease With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Pradeep A.R. , Raghavendra N.M. , Sharma Anuj , Patel Swati Pradeep , Raju Arjun , Kathariya Rahul , Rao Nishanth S. , Naik Savitha B. 
Published: October 2011

Background: Levels of visfatin in serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were explored in patients with periodontal health, periodontal disease with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2 DM) and were found to be elevated with periodontal disease, and were correlated with periodontal clinical parameters. DM and chronic periodontitis (CP) are associated with each other. Adipokines, specifically visfatin, are secreted from adipocytes and are thought to cause insulin resistance. The purpose of this study is to determine the presence of visfatin in serum and GCF in t2 DM among individuals with CP and to find an association, if any.Methods: Thirty individuals (15 males and 15 females) were selected based on their clinical parameters into three groups: group 1 (10 healthy), group 2 (10 well‐controlled t2 DM among individuals with CP), and group 3 (10 individuals with CP and without diabetes). Serum and GCF samples were collected to estimate the levels of visfatin using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results: The mean visfatin concentration increased in both serum and GCF in individuals with t2 DM with CP. Also, it was observed that visfatin in both serum and GCF correlated positively with all the periodontal parameters.Conclusions: All the samples in each group tested positive for visfatin assay. Serum and GCF visfatin concentration in both t2 DM with CP and individuals with CP and without diabetes correlated positively with all the clinical parameters. Additional large‐scale longitudinal studies should be performed to confirm positive correlations.
Analysis of Δ0(1232) production in collisions of protons with carbon nuclei at 4.2 GeV/c
Authors: Olimov Khusniddin , Haseeb Mahnaz , Olimov Alisher , Khan Imran 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The production of Δ0(1232)-resonances in p+12C collisions at 4.2 GeV/c was analyzed with 4π acceptance. The mass distribution of Δ0(1232) was reconstructed using an angular criterion. The fraction of charged π
−-mesons coming from Δ0(1232) decay was estimated and compared to those obtained in earlier works. The momentum, transverse momentum, kinetic energy, and rapidity distributions as well as invariant cross sections of Δ0(1232)-resonances were reconstructed in the laboratory frame. The mean kinematical characteristics of the reconstructed Δ0(1232) were compared to those of participant protons in experiment and within some of the models. The freeze-out temperature of Δ0(1232) estimated in the present analysis was compared with those obtained using different methods for Δ(1232) produced with other sets of colliding nuclei at various incident energies. The relative number of nucleons excited to Δ0 (1232) at freeze-out conditions in p+12C collisions was estimated.
On fermion mass hirerachies in MSSM-like quiver models with stringy corrections
Authors: Belhaj Adil , Benhamza Mohammed , Ennadifi Salah , Nassiri Samir , Saidi Hassan 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Using instanton effects, we discuss the problem of fermion mass hierarchies in an MSSM-like Type IIA orientifolded model with U(3) × Sp(1) × U(1) × U(1) gauge symmetry obtained from intersecting D6-branes. In the corresponding four-stack quiver, the different scales of the generated superpotential couplings offer a partial solution to fermion mass hierarchies. Using the known data with neutrino masses
$$m_{v_\tau } \lesssim 2 eV$$
, we give the magnitudes of the relevant scales.
Affective and Anxiety Disorders and their Relationship with Chronic Physical Conditions in Australia: Findings of the 2007 National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing
Authors: Teesson Maree , Mitchell Philip B. , Deady Mark , Memedovic Sonja , Slade Tim , Baillie Andrew 
Published: October 2011

Objective: The aim of this study was to report nationally representative data on the prevalence and patterns of 12 month comorbidity of chronic physical conditions (diabetes, asthma, coronary heart disease, stroke, cancer, arthritis) and DSM-IV affective and anxiety disorders in Australian adults. Method: The 2007 National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing (NSMHWB) was a nationally representative household survey of 8841 Australian adults (16–85 years) assessing symptoms of ICD-10 mental disorders and the presence of chronic physical conditions. Results: Prevalence of at least one National Health Priority Area chronic physical condition was 32.2% (95%CI = 30.9%–33.5%). Among those with chronic physical conditions 21.9% had an affective or anxiety disorder. Affective and anxiety disorders were more common among people with physical conditions than among people without chronic physical conditions (affective OR 1.5; anxiety OR 1.8). Of those with a 12 month affective or anxiety disorder, 45.6% had a chronic physical condition. Physical disorders were more common in those with an affective or anxiety disorder than among people without an affective or anxiety disorder (affective OR 1.6; anxiety OR 2.0). Disability was high in those with an anxiety disorder, an affective disorder and a physical condition and 43.4% were classified as high service users. Conclusions: Comorbidity between chronic physical conditions and affective and anxiety disorders is widespread and is associated with high levels of disability and service use.
Breast cancer statistics, 2011
Authors: DeSantis Carol , Siegel Rebecca , Bandi Priti , Jemal Ahmedin 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn this article, the American Cancer Society provides an overview of female breast cancer statistics in the United States, including trends in incidence, mortality, survival, and screening. Approximately 230,480 new cases of invasive breast cancer and 39,520 breast cancer deaths are expected to occur among US women in 2011. Breast cancer incidence rates were stable among all racial/ethnic groups from 2004 to 2008. Breast cancer death rates have been declining since the early 1990s for all women except American Indians/Alaska Natives, among whom rates have remained stable. Disparities in breast cancer death rates are evident by state, socioeconomic status, and race/ethnicity. While significant declines in mortality rates were observed for 36 states and the District of Columbia over the past 10 years, rates for 14 states remained level. Analyses by county‐level poverty rates showed that the decrease in mortality rates began later and was slower among women residing in poor areas. As a result, the highest breast cancer death rates shifted from the affluent areas to the poor areas in the early 1990s. Screening rates continue to be lower in poor women compared with non‐poor women, despite much progress in increasing mammography utilization. In 2008, 51.4% of poor women had undergone a screening mammogram in the past 2 years compared with 72.8% of non‐poor women. Encouraging patients aged 40 years and older to have annual mammography and a clinical breast examination is the single most important step that clinicians can take to reduce suffering and death from breast cancer. Clinicians should also ensure that patients at high risk of breast cancer are identified and offered appropriate screening and follow‐up. Continued progress in the control of breast cancer will require sustained and increased efforts to provide high‐quality screening, diagnosis, and treatment to all segments of the population. CA Cancer J Clin 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Observed Herring Gull Kleptoparasitism of American Black Ducks
Authors: Jones Orrin E. , Castelli Paul M. , Williams Christopher K. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Herring gulls Larus argentatus were observed to kleptoparasitize American black ducks Anas rubripes feeding on fiddler crabs Uca pugnax in coastal New Jersey. Although widespread in Laridae, kleptoparasitism has never been described between these two species. Over two winters of intensive 24-hour behavioral observations, this interaction was observed on two occasions during similar tidal conditions. Although this appears to be a rare interaction with limited energetic consequences, we note that quantifying these uncommon interspecific interactions is a benefit of thorough behavior observations, which may refine estimates of daily energy expenditure.
Recruitment and Growth of Old World Climbing Fern in Hurricane-Caused Canopy Gaps
Authors: Lynch Ryan L. , Brandt Laura A. , Chen Hongjun , Ogurcak Danielle , Fujisaki Ikuko , Mazzotti Frank J. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Following 2 y of severe hurricanes in 2004 and 2005, we examined the role of canopy gaps in promoting recruitment and growth of the exotic fern, Old World climbing fern Lygodium microphyllum (hereafter Lygodium), on tree islands of the Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge, Florida. We selected 12 sample tree islands, on which we placed three 1-m2 plots in a hurricane-caused canopy gap and three plots in an adjacent closed canopy area. Spore traps were placed in canopy gaps and closed canopy areas to quantify the number of spores reaching the forest floor on each island. In addition, in each plot occurrence and growth of Lygodium was measured across four height classes (recruitment class, understory, midstory, and canopy). We predicted that recruitment and growth of Lygodium would be higher in canopy gaps than in closed canopy areas. After 3 y of biannual monitoring, a significantly greater number of spores were foundin canopy gaps (4,804 spores·m2·d) than in closed canopy areas (4,288 spores·m2·d). Furthermore, we observed significantly greater recruitment and growth in canopy gaps compared with closed canopy areas in the recruitment class only. Presence of recruitment-class Lygodium in canopy gaps increased from four to five treatment areas and decreased from 1 to 0 treatment areas in closed canopy areas. These results suggest differences in recruitment and growth of Lygodium between canopy gaps and closed canopy areas on tree islands after severe hurricanes. However, despite the large number of spores in both canopy gaps and closed canopy areas, recruitment and growth were much lower than expected, with only two treatment areas having an average percent cover greater than 10% in any height class. If conducted within several years after a hurricane, focused monitoring efforts on hurricane-impacted tree islands may allow managers to detect and treat new infestations before they are able to overrun tree islands.
Estimating Abundance of the Endangered Houston Toad on a Primary Recovery Site
Authors: Duarte Adam , Brown Donald J. , Forstner Michael R.J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe Griffith League Ranch is one of the primary recovery sites for the endangered Houston toad Bufo (Anaxyrus) houstonensis. New recovery initiatives have recently been implemented to increase Houston toad abundance; however, no robust estimate of population size has been conducted in the last decade of study, nor from this recovery site. To assist with inferences regarding efficacy of current and future management actions, we estimated adult Houston toad abundance on the Griffith League Ranch. Houston toads were sampled at breeding ponds during the 2010 breeding season using a mark–recapture methodology. We analyzed the data using a modified Jolly–Seber open population model in Program MARK. Models were built whereby the probability of capture remained constant, the apparent survival varied with time or was constant, and the probability of entry varied with time. Model averaging was used to account for uncertainty and the derived adult male Houston toad abundance ranged from 201 to 307 individuals. Using a previously determined Griffith League Ranch Houston toad functional sex ratio of 5∶1, we estimated the abundance of the total adult Houston toad population on this primary recovery site to be from 241 to 368 individuals. This study is the first to report a robust abundance estimate of a Houston toad population and provides a foundation for further research to quantify the impact of current and future management actions.
Psychometric properties of the Greek NEI-RQL-42
Authors: Labiris Georgios , Gkika Maria G. , Giarmoukakis Athanassios , Sideroudi Haris , Kyratzoglou Kostas , Kozobolis Vassilios P. 
Published: October 2011

Purpose To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Greek National Eye Institute Refractive Error Quality of Life Questionnaire (NEI-RQL-42). Methods We developed the Greek version of the instrument using forward and backward translation. To examine reliability, Cronbach alpha for each subscale was used as an index of internal consistency. Test-retest reliability was evaluated with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Regarding construct validity, both convergent and discriminant validities were calculated by means of multi-trait analysis. Furthermore, the instrument was evaluated by Rasch analysis, as well. Results Three patient groups were studied (emmetropes (n=20), myopes (n=41), and hyperopes (n=18)). Emmetropes scored significantly better in the majority of subscales, while myopes scored better than hyperopes in clarity of vision (p=0.012), near vision (p<0.001), and satisfaction with correction (p=0.001). Cronbach alpha ranged from 0.490 (glare) to 0.948 (expectations), with most subscales having high internal consistency. The ICCs ranged from 0.76 to 0.93 for all subscales. All items passed the convergent and discriminant validity tests. Strong correlations were detected between uncorrected visual acuity and near vision, expectations, activity limitations, dependence on correction, worry, and suboptimal correction subscales. Rasch analysis revealed potential weaknesses of the instrument that are associated with the assumptions of the model itself. Specifically, 3 items and 17.5% of the participants fell outside the tolerance box. Moreover, principal component analysis indicated average unidimensionality for the instrument. Conclusions Traditional validation methods indicate that the Greek NEI-RQL-42 scale has adequate psychometric properties for comparative studies in local populations. Rasch analysis indicates significant misfits to the model that should be taken into consideration and evaluated in future studies. These misfits might reflect inherent weaknesses of the original NEI-RQL-42 and not of its adaptation to Greek norms.
Production of Recombinant Adeno‐Associated Viral Vectors and Use in In Vitro and In Vivo Administration
Authors: Gray Steven J. , Choi Vivian W. , Asokan Aravind , Haberman Rebecca A. , McCown Thomas J. , Samulski Richard Jude 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAdeno‐associated virus is a nonpathogenic human virus that has been developed into a gene‐delivery vector due to its high efficiency of infection for many different cell types and its ability to persist and lead to long‐term gene expression. This unit describes efficient methods to generate high‐titer, research‐grade, adenovirus‐free recombinant single‐stranded and self‐complementary adeno‐associated virus in various serotypes, along with methods to quantify the viral vectors. Two detailed methods are provided for viral vector delivery into the rodent brain and spinal cord, and for histological detection of transgene expression of GFP. Curr. Protoc. Neurosci. 57:4.17.1‐4.17.30. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A Mouse Model for Observational Fear Learning and the Empathetic Response
Authors: Jeon Daejong , Shin Hee‐Sup 
Published: October 2011

AbstractResearch on observed fear and its relation to human mental disorders has been hampered by the lack of a suitable animal model. The empathetic response, which is impaired in various mental disorders, requires the ability to recognize the emotions and feelings of others. Due to the lack of a robust behavioral assay system, studies of empathy in laboratory animals have been absent from the literature. This unit describes a protocol for assessing social observational fear learning as a precursor of empathy in the mouse. In this assay, the observer animal is conditioned for context‐dependent fear by observing the behavior of the demonstrator animal receiving aversive stimuli. The magnitude of the fear response of the observer is positively influenced by the animal's familiarity with the demonstrator. This indicates that the degree of familiarity, and its relationship to empathy, can be modeled in an animal system by a method relevant to human disease. Curr. Protoc. Neurosci. 57:8.27.1‐8.27.9. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Transfection by Electroporation
Authors: Potter Huntington , Heller Richard 
Published: October 2011

AbstractElectroporation—the use of high‐voltage electric shocks to introduce DNA into cells—can be used with most cell types, yields a high frequency of both stable transformation and transient gene expression, and, because it requires fewer steps, can be easier than alternate techniques. This unit describes electroporation of mammalian cells, including ES cells for the preparation of knock‐out, knock‐in, and transgenic mice. Protocols are described for the use of electroporation in vivo to perform gene therapy for cancer therapy and DNA vaccination. Also described are modifications for preparation and transfection of plant protoplasts. Curr. Protoc. Neurosci. 57:A.1E.1‐A.1E.11. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Light Microscopy Digital Imaging
Authors: Joubert James , Sharma Deepak 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis unit presents an overview of digital imaging hardware used in light microscopy. CMOS, CCD, and EMCCDs are the primary sensors used. The strengths and weaknesses of each define the primary applications for these sensors. Sensor architecture and formats are also reviewed. Color camera design strategies and sensor window cleaning are also described in the unit. Curr. Protoc. Cytom. 58:2.3.1‐2.3.11. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Diabetes mellitus risk in rheumatoid arthritis: Reduced incidence with anti–tumor necrosis factor α therapy
Authors: Antohe Jana l. , Bili Androniki , Sartorius Jennifer A. , Kirchner H. Lester , Morris Stephanie J. , Dancea Sorina , Wasko Mary Chester M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) inhibitor use and the risk of developing diabetes mellitus in a rheumatoid arthritis (RA) inception cohort.MethodsAdults diagnosed with RA between January 1, 2001, and December 31, 2009, were identified (n = 1,881). Prevalent cases of diabetes mellitus (n = 294) were excluded. Information on sociodemographic data, medical history, body mass index (BMI), laboratory measures, and medications was collected from the electronic health record. Incident diabetes mellitus was defined using the 2010 American Diabetes Association criteria or physician‐established diagnosis. Time‐varying Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to adjust for age, sex, race, BMI, rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti‐CCP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), glucocorticoids, hydroxychloroquine, and methotrexate.ResultsA total of 1,587 incident RA patients without diabetes mellitus were included. The anti‐TNFα users (n = 522) had a lower median age but greater baseline BMI; maximum ESR, RF, and anti‐CCP positivity; and NSAID, glucocorticoid, or methotrexate use. The median followup time for the ever and never TNFα inhibitor users was 44.9 months (interquartile range [IQR] 23.7–73.0 months) and 37.1 months (IQR 16.3–65.1 months), respectively (P < 0.001). Of the 91 patients developing diabetes mellitus, 16 were ever and 75 were never TNFα inhibitor users, yielding incidence rates of 8.6 and 17.2 per 1,000 person‐years (P = 0.048), respectively. Adjusting for covariates, the hazard ratio for incident diabetes mellitus in TNFα inhibitor users was 0.49 (95% confidence interval 0.24–0.99, P = 0.049) compared to the never users.ConclusionIn this inception RA cohort, anti‐TNFα use was associated with a 51% reduction in risk of developing diabetes mellitus.