bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: Diagnostic Challenges, Presenting Symptoms, and Commonly Missed Signs
Authors: Staley Brigid A. , Vail Emily A. , Thiele Elizabeth A. 
Published: December 2010

OBJECTIVE:To describe presenting symptoms and signs according to age group in a cohort of 243 patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) and identify earlier symptoms and signs that did not lead to immediate diagnosis.PATIENTS AND METHODS:We performed a retrospective chart review for 278 patients with TSC who were examined at Children's Hospital Boston in Massachusetts and at the Herscot Center for Tuberous Sclerosis Complex, Massachusetts General Hospital. The presenting symptom or sign was the first symptom or sign to cause suspicion for TSC and lead to diagnosis. Missed symptoms or signs were those that were documented in the patient's chart but did not immediately lead to diagnosis.RESULTS:There were 243 patients for whom there were sufficient data for inclusion in this study. Patients were diagnosed with TSC at ages ranging from birth to 73 years. The average age at diagnosis was 7.5 years. Of the patients, 81% were diagnosed before the age of 10. Diagnosis during adolescence and adulthood was not uncommon. The most common presenting symptoms and signs included new onset of seizures, history of seizures, infantile spasms, family history of TSC, cardiac rhabdomyomas, and hypopigmented macules. Of the patients, 39% reported missed symptoms or signs of TSC, most commonly seizures (including infantile spasms) and dermatologic features.CONCLUSIONS:Many patients had symptoms or signs of TSC that did not lead to immediate diagnosis. Clinicians should be aware of the myriad potential presenting symptoms and signs of TSC. Early diagnosis may reduce morbidity and mortality.
Longitudinal Study of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Children
Authors: Basterfield Laura , Adamson Ashley J. , Frary Jessica K. , Parkinson Kathryn N. , Pearce Mark S. , Reilly John J. ,   for the Gateshead Millennium Study Core Team
Published: December 2010

OBJECTIVE:
Physical activity is thought to decline during childhood, but the extent of the decline is unknown. We made objective measures of 2-year changes in physical activity and sedentary behavior in English children who participated in the Gateshead Millennium Study to explore the nature, timing, and extent of changes in physical activity and sedentary behavior before adolescence.

METHODS:
We conducted a longitudinal study of 405 children (207 girls), aged 7 years, in 2006/2007 and again 24 months later. Physical activity and sedentary behavior were measured with the Actigraph GT1M accelerometer. Data were analyzed in 2010. Changes in total volume of physical activity (accelerometer counts per minute [cpm]), moderate-to-vigorous–intensity physical activity (MVPA), and sedentary behavior were quantified. Factors associated with changes in physical activity and sedentary behavior were tested by using linear regression. Tracking of physical activity and sedentary behavior over the 2-year period was assessed by rank-order correlation.

RESULTS:
Mean daily volume of physical activity declined by 83 cpm (interquartile range [IQR]: −189 to 31) over 2 years; the percentage of daily time spent in MVPA was low at baseline and declined by 0.3% (IQR: −1.4 to 0.9). The percentage of daily time in sedentary behavior was high at baseline and increased from 78.0% to 81.1% of the day (change 3.1% [IQR: −0.3 to 6.0]). The decline in MVPA and increase in sedentary behavior were significantly greater in girls and in those with higher BMI z scores at baseline. Physical activity and sedentary behavior showed moderate tracking over the 2-year period.

CONCLUSIONS:
We report here new evidence of low and declining levels of physical activity and MVPA and increasing sedentary behavior before adolescence.
Testosterone Levels in Umbilical-Cord Blood and Risk of Pyloric Stenosis
Authors: Krogh Camilla , Cohen Arieh S. , Basit Saima , Hougaard David M. , Biggar Robert J. , Wohlfahrt Jan , Melbye Mads , Fischer Thea K. 
Published: December 2010

OBJECTIVE:
The risk of infantile hypertrophk pylonc stenosis is ∼5 times more common in male than female infants. It has been hypothesized that the higher risk among male infants is associated with high levels of testosterone causing hypertrophy of the pylorus muscle. To test this hypothesis, we examined the association between the testosterone levels in the umbilical-cord blood and the risk of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
We conducted a matched case-control study nested in the Danish National Birth Cohort using risk-set sampling. From a cohort of 101 042 pregnancies, we identified umbilical-cord blood samples from 46 case subjects (43 male and 3 female infants) who developed infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in the first year of life and 150 gender- and gestational age–matched control subjects. The testosterone levels were measured by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Rate ratios were estimated by using conditional logistic regression.

RESULTS:
In male infants, the mean testosterone level at birth was 0.78 nmol/L in case subjects and 0.91 nmol/L in control subjects. The rate of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis was inversely, albeit insignificantly, associated with the testosterone levels in male infants; there was a 29% (95% confidence interval: −46% to 65%; P = 35) lower rate per nmol/L. The association was not modified according to age, gestational age, or birth order.

CONCLUSIONS:
We found no support for the hypothesis that high testosterone levels in the umbilical-cord blood are strongly associated with a subsequently higher risk for infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in male infants.
Diversity of Opioid Requirements for Postoperative Pain Control Following Oral Surgery—Is It Affected by Polymorphism of the μ-Opioid Receptor?
Authors: Fukuda Ken-ichi , Hayashida Masakazu , Ikeda Kazutaka , Koukita Yoshihiko , Ichinohe Tatsuya , Kaneko Yuzuru 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
We experience individual differences in pain and sensitivity to analgesics clinically. Genetic factors are known to influence individual difference. Polymorphisms in the human OPRM1 gene, which encodes the μ-opioid receptors, may be associated with the clinical effects of opioid analgesics. The purpose of this study was to determine whether any of the 5 common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the OPRM1 gene could affect the antinociceptive effect of fentanyl. Fentanyl was less effective in subjects with the G allele of the OPRM1 A118G SNP than in those with the A allele, and subjects with the G allele required more fentanyl for adequate postoperative pain control than those with the A allele. In the future, identifying SNPs might give us information to modulate the analgesic dosage of opioid individually for better pain control. Factors underlying individual differences in sensitivity to pain other than genetic factors may include environmental and psychological factors. We therefore examined the effects of preoperative anxiety on the analgesic efficacy of fentanyl in patients undergoing sagittal split mandibular osteotomy (SSMO). From among the patients enrolled in the study, 60 patients (male/female: 18/42, age: 24.6 ± 6.7 years) who gave informed consent were examined for correlations between preoperative trait/state anxiety, as measured by the state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) on the day before surgery, and postoperative consumption of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) fentanyl and visual analog scale (VAS) assessment by patients. Levels of trait and state anxieties measured by the STAI were correlated with neither the consumption of PCA fentanyl nor postoperative VAS assessment. These findings suggest that psychological factors are unlikely to affect postoperative pain or the use of analgesics.
Fluorescence spectroscopy of semiconductor CdTe nanocrystals: preparation effect on photostability
Authors: Bujak Łukasz , Olejnik Maria , Litvin Radek , Piątkowski Dawid , Kotov Nicholas , Mackowski Sebastian 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
We report on continuous-wave and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy studies of CdTe water-soluble nanocrystals at room temperature. For nanocrystals spread directly on the substrate we observe large variation both in fluorescence maximum energy and fluorescence lifetime. We attribute this to the influence of the surface of the nanocrystals on the stability of excitations in the nanocrystals. As the fluorescence lifetime of the nanocrystals is monitored, we find it increases with time from 6 to 18 ns and then saturates. Placing the nanocrystals in a polymer matrix remarkably improves the photostability and all the above-mentioned effects are diminished. Upon mixing the nanocrystals with gold spherical nanoparticles we observe a decrease of the fluorescence intensity due to efficient energy transfer to the nanoparticles.
Fault diagnosis and fault tolerant control using set-membership approaches: Application to real case studies
Authors: Puig Vicenç 
Published: December 2010

Fault diagnosis and fault tolerant control using set-membership approaches: Application to real case studiesThis paper reviews the use ofset-membership methodsinfault diagnosis(FD) andfault tolerant control(FTC). Setmembership methods use a deterministic unknown-but-bounded description of noise and parametric uncertainty (interval models). These methods aims at checking the consistency between observed and predicted behaviour by using simple sets to approximate the exact set of possible behaviour (in theparameteror thestate space). When an inconsistency is detected between the measured and predicted behaviours obtained using a faultless system model, a fault can be indicated. Otherwise, nothing can be stated. The same principle can be used to identify interval models for fault detection and to develop methods for fault tolerance evaluation. Finally, some real applications will be used to illustrate the usefulness and performance of set-membership methods for FD and FTC.
Perceptibility and Experience of Inner-European Borders by Institutionalised Border Protection
Authors: Pudlat Andreas 
Published: December 2010

Perceptibility and Experience of Inner-European Borders by Institutionalised Border Protection
The article concentrates on institutionalised border protection as a special indication of border areas that are demarcated by the existence and operations of specific authorities. This kind of border protection with its control and monitoring measures serves different purposes, including crime fighting and protection against threats, fiscal aspects (customs), migration control, traffic safety, and environment protection. Furthermore, it is an expression of state sovereignty. In this way borders and border areas can be experienced and perceived, which the article suggests can have different dimensions: a cognitive, an affective, a visual-haptic, and an aesthetic one. Under the Schengen Agreement, systematic border control between the participating states has been removed. This implies, not the end of border protection, but perhaps a loss of a manifestation and perceptibility of borders and border areas.
Predicting Fatigue Crack Growth and Fatigue Life Under Variable Amplitude Loading
Authors: Jasztal Michal , Kocanda Dorota , Tomaszek Henryk 
Published: December 2010

Predicting Fatigue Crack Growth and Fatigue Life Under Variable Amplitude Loading
A probabilistic approach to the description of fatigue crack growth and fatigue life estimation of a component subjected to variable amplitude loading is presented in the paper. The core of the model is a differential equation originated from the Paris formula. In order to consider the influence of overload-underload cycles existing in an exploitive load spectrum on crack growth rate for an aeronautical aluminum alloy sheet, the modified Willenborg retardation model was applied.
FACTS location and size for reactive power system compensation through the multi-objective optimization
Authors: Belazzoug Messaoud , Boudour Mohamed , Sebaa Karim 
Published: December 2010

FACTS location and size for reactive power system compensation through the multi-objective optimizationThe problem of the FACTS (Flexible Alternative Current Transmission System Devices) location and size for reactive power system compensation through the multi-objective optimization is presented in this paper. A new technique is proposed for the optimal setting, dimension and design of two kinds of FACTS namely: Static Volt Ampere reactive (VAR) Compensator (SVC) and Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC) handling the minimization of transmission losses in electrical network. Using the proposed scheme, the type, the location and the rating of FACTS devices are optimized simultaneously. The problem to solve is multi criteria under constraints related to the load flow equations, the voltages, the transformer turn ratios, the active and reactive productions and the compensation devices. Its solution requires the the advanced algorithms to be applied. Thus, we propose an approach based on the evolutionary algorithms (EA) to solve multi-criterion problem. It is similar to the NSGA-II method (Ellitist Non Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm). The Pareto front is obtained for continuous, discrete and multiple of five MVArs (Mega Volt Ampere reactive) of compensator devices for the IEEE 57-bus test system (IEEE bus test is a standard network).
Quantitative Comparison of Cylindricity Profiles Measured with Different Methods Using Legendre-Fourier Coefficients
Authors: Adamczak Stanisław , Janecki Dariusz , Makieła Włodzimierz , Stępień Krzysztof 
Published: December 2010

Quantitative Comparison of Cylindricity Profiles Measured with Different Methods Using Legendre-Fourier CoefficientsThe paper discusses a method of quantitative comparison of cylindricity profiles measured with different strategies. The method is based on applying so-called Legendre-Fourier coefficients. The comparison is carried out by computing the correlation coefficient between the profiles. It is conducted by applying a normalized cross-correlation function and it requires approximation of cylindrical surfaces using the Legendre-Fourier method. As the example two sets of measurement data are employed: the first from the CMM and the second one from the traditional radial measuring instrument. The measuring data are compared by analyzing the values of selected cylindricity parameters and calculating the coefficient of correlation between profiles.
Contractile effect of PGF2α and PGE2 on isolated branches of uterine and ovarian artery in different days of estrous cycle and early pregnancy in pigs
Authors: Skipor J. , Pikulińska M. , Stefańczyk-Krzymowska S. 
Published: December 2010

Contractile effect of PGF2α and PGE2 on isolated branches of uterine and ovarian artery in different days of estrous cycle and early pregnancy in pigs
The contractile effects of PGF2α (3 × 10-6 to 10-4 M) and PGE2 (10-7 to 10-5 M) were examined on isolated branches of ovarian artery (OA) and extramyometrial branches of uterine artery (UA) collected from pigs in the luteal (day 10-12) and follicular phase (day 17-20) of the estrous cycle, and during early pregnancy (day 10-12). Strong contraction was demonstrated in both arteries during all investigated periods in response to PGF2α, which was significantly higher (P <0.01) than to PGE2, being negligible in the follicular phase. In UA, the effective dose of PGF2α (ED50) amounted 7.9 × 10-6 M and 6.3 × 10-6 M in the luteal and follicular phase, and 5.0 × 10-6 M in early pregnancy. ED50 for PGE2 reached 5.0 × 10-7 M in the luteal phase, and 4.1 × 10-7 M in early pregnancy. For both prostaglandins, the contraction was much stronger (P <0.01) in OA than in UA branches. In OA, the ED50 for PGF2α was 1.2 × 10-5 M in the luteal phase and was significantly higher (P <0.05) than in the follicular phase (3.1 × 10-6 M) and early pregnancy (2.7 × 10-6 M). ED50 for PGE2 amounted 7.3 × 10-7 M in the luteal phase and 1.7 × 10-7 M in early pregnancy. Studies showed the influence of the estrous cycle and early pregnancy on OA branches sensitivity to the contractile effect of PGF2α and the lack of this effect on UA branches, and the influence of the estrous cycle on UA and OA branch contraction in response to PGE2.
Neoplastic lesions in slaughter animals in Warmińsko-Mazurskie voivodship (Poland) area during the years 2001-2007
Authors: Radkowski M. , Siemionek J. , Zdrodowska B. 
Published: December 2010

Neoplastic lesions in slaughter animals in Warmińsko-Mazurskie voivodship (Poland) area during the years 2001-2007
During the period of 7 years, 2001-2007, 110,273 heads of cattle and 3,055,654 heads of pigs were examined by veterinarians of the Polish Veterinary Inspection in Warmińsko-Mazurskie voivodship. As a result of pre- and post-slaughter examination, 311 heads of cattle and 23 heads of pigs representing 0.279% and 0.00075% of the population respectively were considered unsuitable due to neoplastic lesions. The most frequently found lesions in cattle were fibroneuromas, neuromas and liposarcomas while in case of pigs those were various types of sarcomas, fibromas, cancers, nephromas and melanomas.
<i>Egeria densa</i> Planchón (Hydrocharitaceae) : A new angiospermic record for Bangladesh
Authors: Alfasane Md. Almujaddade , Khondker Moniruzzaman , Islam Md. Shafiqul , Bhuiyan M. Azmal Hossain 
Published: December 2010

Not available. Keywords: Egeria densa; Hydrocharitaceae; New record; Bangladesh.DOI: 10.3329/bjpt.v17i2.6702Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 17(2): 209-213, 2010 (December)
Inhibition of Lytic Reactivation of Kaposi'S Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus by Alloferon
Authors: Lee Naeun , Bae Seyeon , Kim Hyemin , Kong Joo Myung , Kim Hang-Rae , Cho Byung Joo , Kim Sung Joon , Seok Seung Hyeok , Hwang Young-il , Kim Sooin , Kang Jae Seung , Lee Wang Jae 
Published: December 2010

Background Alloferon, an immunomodulatory peptide, has antiviral capability against herpesvirus. In this research, we aimed to investigate the effect of alloferon on the regulation of the life cycle of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), and its mechanisms. We also assessed the antiviral activity of alloferon on natural killer (NK) cells as an early antiviral immune responder. Methods We first examined the change in cell proliferation and the expression of the viral genes in a KSHV- infected cell line, body-cavity-based B lymphoma (BCBL)-1, under the lytic cycle by 12- O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) treatment. To elucidate the antiviral mechanism of alloferon, we tested calcium influx and the activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. Furthermore, we evaluated the cytotoxicity of NK cells against BCBL-1 by alloferon. Results Alloferon effectively recovered the suppressed proliferation of BCBL-1 by TPA, which was achieved by the down-regulation of lytic-cycle-related viral genes, RTA, K8 and vIRF2. To clarify the signal transduction pathways related to the regulation of the viral genes by alloferon, we confirmed that the calcium influx into BCBL-1 was apparently inhibited by alloferon, which preceded the suppression of the phosphorylation of ERK and the activation of AP-1 by TPA. Moreover, when NK cells were exposed to alloferon, their cytolytic activity was improved, and this was mediated by the enhancement of perforin/granzyme secretion. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that alloferon can be used as an effective antiviral agent for the regulation of the KSHV life cycle by the down-regulation of AP-1 activity and for the the enhancement of antiviral immunity by up-regulation of NK cell cytotoxicity.
Substance P Is a Key Mediator of Stress-Induced Protection from Allergic Sensitization via Modified Antigen Presentation
Authors: Pavlovic Sanja , Liezmann Christiane , Blois Sandra M. , Joachim Ricarda , Kruse Johannes , Romani Nikolaus , Klapp Burghard F. , Peters Eva M. J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractInteraction between the nervous and immune systems greatly contributes to inflammatory disease. In organs at the interface between our body and the environment, the sensory neuropeptide substance P (SP) is one key mediator of an acute local stress response through neurogenic inflammation but may also alter cytokine balance and dendritic cell (DC) function. Using a combined murine allergic inflammation/noise stress model with C57BL/6 mice, we show in this paper that SP—released during repeated stress exposure—has the capacity to markedly attenuate inflammation. In particular, repeated stress exposure prior to allergen sensitization increases DC-nerve fiber contacts, enhances DC migration and maturation, alters cytokine balance, and increases levels of IL-2 and T regulatory cell numbers in local lymph nodes and inflamed tissue in a neurokinin 1-SP-receptor (neurokinin-1 receptor)-dependent manner. Concordantly, allergic inflammation is significantly reduced after repeated stress exposure. We conclude that SP/repeated stress prior to immune activation acts protolerogenically and thereby beneficially in inflammation.
Comparison of the Response of the Right Ventricle with Endovascular Occlusion and Surgical Closure in Adults with Atrial Septal Defect One Year after Intervention
Authors: Samiei Niloufar , Bayat Fariba , Moradi Masoud , Parsaei Mozhgan , Haghighi Seyedeh Zahra Ojaghi , Mohebbi Ahmad , Hamzepour Negar , Noohi Fereidoon 
Published: December 2010

Background Use of the Amplatzer septal occluder (ASO) for the closure of secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) has recently become the procedure of choice, while earlier the only treatment for ASD was surgical closure. This study compares the right ventricular indices of the ASO group with the surgical closure group one year after intervention in adults. Methods From January 2008 to February 2010, 38 patients with isolated atrial septal defect of the secundum type one year after surgical (n = 20, age = 27 ± 4 years, 13 females, 7 males) or Amplatzer septal occluder closure (n = 18, age = 25 ± 4 years, 12 females, 6 males) were studied. At the same time, thirty-one age-matched normal subjects (age = 26 ± 6 years, 23 females, 9 males) were included as the control group. Strain and strain rate of the right ventricle were measured. Results The mean values of strain of the midportion were −26% ± 11.7%, −8.9% ± 4.2%, and 24.5% ± 7.4% ( P < 0.001). Strain rates of the midportion were −2.19 ± 0.6 s−1, −1.2 ± 0.4 s−1, −1.9 ± 0.6 s−1 ( P < 0.001) in ASO, surgery, and control groups, respectively. Conclusion This study showed that the right ventricle might show better performance in the ASO than the surgery group in adults with ASD in midterm follow-up.
Governing Equations for Fundamental Aerodynamics
Authors: Anderson John D. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
The fundamental physical principles that underlie all fluid flow are: (1) mass is conserved; (2) Newton's 2nd Law, F=ma; and (3) energy is conserved. The general equations that mathematically express these principles are; (1) continuity equation; (2) momentum equation; and (3) energy equation. Fluid dynamics can be subdivided into various types of flow; inviscid flows (the transport phenomena of friction, thermal conduction, and diffusion are neglected) for which the flow equations become the Euler equations, and viscous flows (including the transport phenomena) for which the flow equations become the Navier‐Stokes equations. Flows can be further classified as either incompressible or compressible, and rotational or irrotational. A special type of flow, potential flow, is both inviscid and irrotational. Incompressible potential flows are governed by Laplace's equation, and can be synthesized by superposing various elementary flows to obtain more complicated flows. Some elementary flows are uniform flow, source flow and vortex flow. Combinations of these to obtain flow over a circular cylinder are shown. The concept of circulation is given, along with its role in the famous and historic circulation theory of lift. Finally, various flows can be classified under different Mach number regimes – subsonic, transonic, supersonic and hypersonic.