bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
V.—On a Recent Legal Decision, of Importance in Connection with Water Supply from Wells
Authors: Whitaker W. 
Published: May 2009

About, or nearly, forty years ago, two deep wells (with borings) were made at Brentford, which, passing through Gravel, London Clay, and the Lower London Tertiaries, reached the Chalk at a depth of about 315 feet, and were carried some way into the last.One of these wells is at the Brewery on the southern side of the High Street, now known as the Royal Brewery, and it continued in use till its water became unfit for brewing-purposes, from the cause noted below. The other is 99 yards off, north-eastward, at some printing-works at the back of the houses on the other side of the street. This one was made for a Distillery which has long ceased to exist; the well too having been abandoned, at least for its original purpose of water-supply.
VII.—The Dimetain of St. Davids
Authors: Reade T. Mellard 
Published: May 2009

Having been lately at St. Davids, I made some observations in relation to the Porth-lisky granite or Dimetian of Dr. Hicks, which may be worth recording in the pages of the Geological Magazine.Perhaps it may be well for me to state that previous to my examination I had no bias whatever in favour of any of the explanations of the geology of St. Davids which have been offered by Hicks, Geikie, or Blake.
VI.–Rutile in Fireclays—Reply to Major-General MacMahon
Authors: Hutchings W. Maynard 
Published: May 2009

In the June Number of the GEOLOGICAL MAGAZINE, p. 259, Major-General MacMahon deals with my paper on fireclays, etc., and raises, with much fairness, several objections to some of my interpretations and inferences. Some of the criticisms are exactly what I should expect to be made, and were more or less present in my own mind, so that I can well see how they may arise in the minds of others.General MacMahon appears to have somewhat overstated my views as to the “dynamic” part of the “Metamorphism” in question, owing to taking all I say as equally applying to slates and clays, which is not the case. Thus, the paragraphs he refers to on p. 168 will, I think, plainly show that I distinguish between what has taken place in clays and allied shales, and what has taken place in slates; and passages in my previous paper make this still more evident.
Skin incisions for the excision of spherical cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions
Authors: Ranganathan B , Douglas S , Mirza S 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSpherical cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions such as sebaceous cysts are often removed via an ellipse, particularly if they are relatively large. Deciding the width of the ellipse can be difficult. We calculated that if the width of the ellipse is one-third of the half circumference, then the wound should close satisfactorily.
‘Structural Interests’ in Health Care: Evidence from the Contemporary National Health Service
Authors: CHECKLAND KATH , HARRISON STEPHEN , COLEMAN ANNA 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAlford's theory of structural interests has been used as a framework within which to analyse health systems across the world. However, authors have often been uncritical in their acceptance of Alford's original analytic categories. In this article we use data from a detailed qualitative study of the introduction of Practice Based Commissioning in the UK NHS to interrogate Alford's work more critically. Disrupting Alford's original categories of ‘professional monopolisers’ as dominant interests, challenged by management ‘corporate rationalisers’, we suggest that the new structures established in the NHS since 2002 systematically privilege an interest that we call ‘corporate monopolisers’, and that this is under challenge from ‘professional rationalisers’.
Birtwistle's The Minotaur: the opera and a diary of its first production
Authors: SAMUEL RHIAN 
Published: May 2009

AbstractHarrison Birtwistle's The Minotaur, to a libretto by David Harsent, was premiered at The Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, in April 2008. This article offers a synopsis, a diary of rehearsals for the opera (for all of which the composer was in attendance), and an analytical essay. The diary chronicles the development of the production, with its diversions from, and clarifications of, the text as well as the composer's reaction to these. The essay presents The Minotaur as a departure for Birtwistle, from narrative (as in the earlier Gawain) to characterisation, its basis being a trio of protagonists. While a predictably heroic Theseus and tragic Minotaur are characters fashioned by the libretto as much as the music, a multi-faceted Ariadne is primarily the composer's creation.
Lipid mobilization, gluconeogenesis and ageing-related processes in dormant walnut kernels during moist chilling and warm incubation
Authors: Nezamdoost Tahereh , Tamaskani Fatemeh , Abdolzadeh Ahmad , Sadeghipour Hamid Reza 
Published: May 2009

AbstractTo understand the beneficial effects of cold conditions during the alleviation of dormancy of walnut (Juglans regiaL.), lipid mobilization, gluconeogenesis and changes related to ageing were compared in dormant kernels incubated in the cold and under deteriorating warm conditions. Stratifying kernels at 5°C for 30 d enhanced their germination capacity, whereas warm-incubated (27°C) kernels turned rancid after 20 d and had reduced germination. Kernel imbibition was sufficient to bring about lipid mobilization, irrespective of temperature of incubation. Although imbibed kernels displayed high isocitrate lyase activity, starch and soluble sugar accumulation occurred only under cold conditions. Deteriorative 64 kDa fatty acyl-ester hydrolase activity declined in cold-stratified kernels. Cold treatment also led to reduced lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide in kernels. The activity of NADP+-isocitrate dehydrogenase, an NADPH-generating enzyme, declined in warm-incubated kernels. Thus, warm-incubated kernels undergo ageing associated with oxidative stress, but there are beneficial effects of cold stratification in preventing deteriorative ageing-related processes. Imbibition is sufficient to allow lipid mobilization to occur in dormant walnut kernels, although cold stratification accompanied by gluconeogenesis is essential for kernel germination.
Forest seed banks along an intensity gradient of ancient agriculture
Authors: Plue J. , Dupouey J.-L. , Verheyen K. , Hermy M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractRecently, forest seed banks were proven to not only reflect former (decades-old) but also ancient (centuries-old) land use. Yet, as land-use intensity determines the magnitude of seed-bank changes in recent forests, this study aims to identify whether an ancient land-use gradient would also be reflected in the seed bank. On a forested 1600-year-old archaeological site, five different land-use intensities were mapped and sampled. Apart from seed density, species richness and composition, functional seed-bank types, defined by nine seed-bank-related plant traits, were related to the land-use intensity gradient. The land-use gradient from gardens to undisturbed sites was still clearly reflected in the soil seed bank. Six emergent functional seed-bank types, characterized by specific plant traits, changed significantly in abundance, parallel to the land-use gradient. In particular, dispersal agent (and related traits) proved an important explanatory trait of present (functional) seed-bank patterns. Poor dispersers (large and heavy seeds) were not found in the intensively used areas, contrary to animal-dispersed species. Wind-dispersers may have been inhibited in the extension of their distribution by recruitment bottlenecks (low seed production) and/or competitive exclusion. Additionally, the agricultural land-use probably introduced ruderal species into the seed bank of the most intensively used areas, yielding a simultaneous increase in vegetation–seed-bank dissimilarity with land-use intensity, eliminating present vegetation as a driver behind the differences over the seed-bank gradient. We conclude by arguing how coppice-with-standards management possibly maintained the seed-bank gradient.
Nutrition and body weights of Canadian children watching television and eating while watching television
Authors: Liang Tina , Kuhle Stefan , Veugelers Paul J 
Published: May 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo examine whether eating while watching television poses a risk for poor nutrition and excess body weight over and above that of time spent watching television.DesignWe analysed data of grade 5 students participating in a comprehensive population-based survey in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. This survey included the Harvard’s Youth Food Frequency Questionnaire, students’ height and weight measurements, and a parent survey. We applied multivariable linear and logistic random effects models to quantify the associations of watching television and eating while watching television with diet quality and body weight.SettingThe province of Nova Scotia, Canada.SubjectsGrade 5 students (n4966).ResultsEating supper while watching television negatively affected the consumption of fruits and vegetables and overall diet quality. More frequent supper while watching television was associated with more soft drink consumption, a higher percentage energy intake from sugar out of total energy from carbohydrate, a higher percentage energy intake from fat, and a higher percentage energy intake from snack food. These associations appeared independent of time children spent watching television. Both watching television and eating while watching television were positively and independently associated with overweight.ConclusionsOur observations suggest that both sedentary behaviours from time spent watching television as well as poor nutrition as a result of eating while watching television contribute to overweight in children. They justify current health promotion targeting time spent watching television and call for promotion of family meals as a means to avoid eating in front of the television.
Expressed sequence tag analysis and cDNA array establishment of Nicotiana tabacum: application to salinity stress
Authors: Wen-Zheng Li , Li-Min Song , Yong-Ping Li , Xiu-Ping Lu , Hong-Mei Luo , Cheng-En Dai , Yong-Qi Fang , Hai-Tao Dong , De-Bao Li 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis study aimed to explore high-throughput cDNA array monitoring technology and to apply it to the gene expression spectrum analysis of salinity-challenged tobacco plants. A Nicotiana tabacum cDNA library was sequenced and found to consist of 5927 high-quality sequences (GenBank accession nos CV015900-CV021826). By analysing the expressed sequence tags (ESTs), the proportion of N. tabacum genes was identified at the EST level. A cDNA array was constructed based on the tentative unique transcripts (TUTs) derived from EST assembling results. A total of 42 differentially expressed genes were identified, including plasma membrane intrinsic protein 2a, ethylene-responsive proteinase and pre-mRNA splicing factor prp31 gene, suggesting that there was a complicated biological response in N. tabacum under saline stress.
Characterization and heterologous expression of testosterone-inducible regulator fromComamonas testosteroniinEscherichia coli
Authors: Jian-Qiu Chen , Yu-Fang Ai , Yi-Fei Zhou , Da-Ren Pan , Guang-Ming Xiong , Yu-Chun Guo , Fei Pan , Bing-Hui Lin 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe testosterone-inducible regulator (teiR) gene was cloned fromComamonas testosteronichromosomal DNA, and introduced into plasmids pKtac2 (containing atacpromoter) and pK18 to yield plasmids pKtac2-teiRand pKteiR100. The recombinant plasmids were transformed into competentEscherichia coliHB101 and total protein was extracted to detect the TeiR protein expression level using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).E. colitransformed by pKtac2-teiRand pKteiR100produced 6.65 and 5.93 μg/mg of TeiR protein, respectively. Recombinant plasmids were also co-transformed into competentE. coliHB101 with plasmid p6 [containinghsdAgene (3α-HSD/CR, 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/carbonyl reductase encoding gene)] to reveal the relationship between 3α-HSD/CR and TeiR by ELISA. The amounts of TeiR protein expressed byE. colicontaining pKtac2-teiRand pKteiR100were 5.94 μg/mg and 5.33 μg/mg, respectively, and these increased up to 6.81 μg/mg and 6.10 μg/mg after inducing with 1 mmol/l isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactoside (IPTG). Interestingly, 3α-HSD/CR protein expression level, after co-transformation with plasmids pKtac2-teiRand p6, was lower than that observed in the co-transformation with pKteiR100and p6. The first co-transformation induced 1.20 μg/mg 3α-HSD/CR protein and the second 1.71 μg/mg. These values rose to 1.42 and 1.80 μg/mg, respectively, after treatment with 1 mmol/l IPTG. Our results proved that thetacpromoter was more efficient than thelacZpromoter and that theteiRgene could act as an activator forhsdAgene expression.
Expression optimization of subunitfasGof 987P fimbriae in enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli(ETEC)
Authors: He-Feng Luo , Jie Wang , Zhong-Yong Gou , Jian Peng 
Published: April 2009

AbstractFour bioengineered bacteria having thefasGgene were constructed using twoEscherichia coliexpression strains (BL21 (DE3) and Rossetta (DE3)) with different tRNA profiles and twoE. coliexpression vectors (pET28a(+) and pGEX-KG) to examine the influence of rare codons on the expression of thefasGgene. The induction expression result of bioengineered bacteria showed that the expression levels of target proteins in Rossetta (DE3), which contained the tRNAs of the rare codons, were higher than in BL21 (DE3), either using pET-fasGor pKG-fasG.
Curation of NISEED, an integrative framework for the digital representation of embryonic development
Authors: Dauga Delphine , Tassy Olivier , Daian Fabrice , Sobral Daniel , Lemaire Patrick 
Published: April 2009

AbstractNISEED (Network for In situ Expression and Embryological Data) is a generic infrastructure for the creation, maintenance and integration of molecular and anatomical information on model organisms. We applied it to ascidians which are marine invertebrate chordates. These animals constitute model organisms of choice for developmental biology because their embryos develop with a small number of cells and an invariant lineage, allowing their study with a cellular level of resolution. In ANISEED (Ascidian NISEED), embryogenesis of ascidian is represented at the level of the genome via functional gene annotations, cis-regulatory elements or gene expression data, at the level of the cell by representing its morphology, fates, lineage, and relations with its neighbors, or at the level of the whole embryo by representing its anatomy and morphogenesis at successive developmental stages. The system provides also tool and standard to enter, annotate, curate and manage data. All results can be accessed through the ANISEED website at "http://aniseed-ibdm.univ-mrs.fr":http://aniseed-ibdm.univ-mrs.fr
Study of planktonic morphotype of the Abderaz Formation at type section, Iran
Authors: Shafiee Ardestani Meysam 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAbderaz Formation at its type section with an age of Turonian-Early Campanian and a thickness of 300 m contains light grey shale and marl. The study of the planktonic foraminifera in isolated form led to differentiate three morphotype groups. The first group is characterized by trochospiral tests usually indicate shallow waters, the second group contains forms with strong ornamentations and the primary keels representing mid waters and finally compact trochospiral tests with keels known as deep water indices are included in the third group. Studies on the morphotypes showed a regressive cycle for Abderaz Formation.
Androgen Receptor and Vasopressin Receptor (AVPR1a) Genetic Polymorphisms are not associated with Marital Status or Fertility among Ariaal Men of Northern Kenya
Authors: Gray Peter , Eisenberg Dan , Campbell Benjamin 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA growing body of scholarship implicates testosterone and vasopressin in male reproductive behavior, including in humans. Since hormones exert their effects through their respective receptors, an open question has been whether genetic polymorphisms in the androgen receptor and vasopressin 1a receptor (AVPR1a) impact human male social behavior. Here, we sought to test for associations between polymorphisms in the coding region of the androgen receptor and promoter region of AVPR1a in relation to marital status and fertility among pastoralist Ariaal men of northern Kenya. None of the three polymorphisms were related to marital status (single, monogamously married, polygynously married) or fertility (number of current living children). We discuss these null findings in light of existing data.
Health Literacy and the Role of the Speech-Language Pathologist
Authors: Hester Eva Jackson , Stevens-Ratchford Regena 
Published: May 2009

Purpose
This article reviews concepts of health literacy and discusses the role of speech-language pathologists in improving the health literacy of individuals with and without communication disorders.

Method
A literature review was completed of health literacy definitions, concepts, and health literacy assessment and intervention studies with various populations. A literature review was also conducted regarding health literacy or related studies in the field of speech-language pathology.

Conclusion
There is a paucity of information available on health literacy within the field of speech-language pathology. Suggestions are offered regarding increasing health literacy research and intervention by speech-language pathologists.
Ultrasound screening for fetal structural abnormalities performed by trained midwives in the second trimester in a low‐risk population – an appraisal
Authors: CHEN MIN , LEUNG TAK YEUNG , SAHOTA DALJIT SINGH , FUNG TAK YUEN , CHAN LIN WAI , LAW LAI WA , CHAU MO CHING , LAO TZU‐HSI TERENCE , LAU TZE KIN 
Published: May 2009

AbstractObjective. To determine the performance of trained midwives in second trimester ultrasound screening for fetal structural abnormalities in a low‐risk population. Design. Retrospective study. Setting. University Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Population. About 13,882 women with singleton pregnancies. Methods. The findings of routine second trimester anomaly scan performed by midwives were reviewed. Reasons for referral to maternal fetal medicine (MFM) specialists for further assessment were analyzed. Main outcome measures. The detection, false positive and false alarm rates for fetal anomalies. Results. One hundred and eighty‐nine pregnancies with unknown outcome were excluded from the final analysis. Overall, 617 (4.51%) women were referred to MFM specialists for further assessment, of which 470 (70.2%) were for soft markers alone and 147 (23.8%) for suspected fetal structural abnormalities. In these 13,693 fetuses with known outcome, malformed fetuses were present in 185, a prevalence of 1.35%. Of these, 115 were detected during the second trimester scan and two were detected in the third trimester. The remaining 68 malformed fetuses, most of which had minor anomalies, were identified after birth. The detection rate for a malformed fetus in second trimester scan was 62.2% (115/185) (95% CI 55.2–69.2). There were four cases of false positives and 33 cases of false alarm. Conclusions. Experienced midwives with proper training can detect the majority of major structural abnormalities. Continuous audit and quality control plays a significant role in optimizing the fetal structural examination.
Insulin Inhibits Low Oxygen‐Induced ATP Release from Human Erythrocytes: Implication for Vascular Control
Authors: HANSON MADELYN S. , ELLSWORTH MARY L. , ACHILLEUS DAVID , STEPHENSON ALAN H. , BOWLES ELIZABETH A. , SRIDHARAN MEERA , ADDERLEY SHAQURIA , SPRAGUE RANDY S. 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACTObjective: ATP released from human erythrocytes in response to reduced oxygen tension (pO2) participates in the matching of oxygen (O2) supply with need in skeletal muscle by stimulating increases in blood flow to areas with increased O2 demand. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that hyperinsulinemia inhibits ATP release from erythrocytes and impairs their ability to stimulate dilation of isolated arterioles exposed to decreased extraluminal pO2. Materials andMethods: Erythrocyte ATP release was stimulated pharmacologically (mastoparan 7) and physiologically (reduced pO2) in the absence or presence of insulin. We also examined the ability of isolated skeletal muscle arterioles perfused with buffer containing erythrocytes treated with insulin or its vehicle (saline) to dilate in response to decreased extraluminal pO2. Results: Insulin significantly attenuated mastoparan 7– and reduced pO2–induced ATP release. In vessels perfused with untreated erythrocytes, low extraluminal pO2 resulted in an increase in vessel diameter. In contrast, when erythrocytes were treated with insulin, no vasodilation occurred. Conclusions: These studies demonstrate that insulin inhibits ATP release from erythrocytes in response to reduced pO2 and impairs their ability to stimulate dilation of skeletal muscle arterioles. These results suggest that hyperinsulinemia could hinder the matching of O2 supply with need in skeletal muscle.
Temporal changes in maturation, mean length-at-age, and condition of spring-spawning Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) in Newfoundland waters
Authors: Wheeler J. P. , Purchase C. F. , Macdonald P. D. M. , Fill R. , Jacks L. , Wang H. , Ye C. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Wheeler, J. P., Purchase, C. F., Macdonald, P. D. M., Fill, R., Jacks, L., Wang, H., and Ye, C. 2009. Temporal changes in maturation, mean length-at-age, and condition of spring-spawning Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) in Newfoundland waters. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 1800–1807. We investigated temporal trends in some life-history traits of Atlantic herring. Population size of Newfoundland herring stock complexes declined precipitously through the 1970s. Maturation age and size also decreased substantially, but not until the late 1980s. Although significant effects were found for region and gear type, these were only minor compared with the general trend. No effects were found for sex. Changes in maturation age and size can represent an evolutionary response to fishery-induced selection, or phenotypic plasticity as a result of a compensatory response to stock declines, or a response to other changes in the environment. Length-at-age and body condition decreased concurrently with changes in maturation, suggesting that declines in maturation age and size were not a compensatory response to reduced stock sizes. This supports the hypothesis of evolutionary changes in maturation. However, increases observed in the most recent year classes, and concurrent changes in other species, suggest that changes in the environment may have also affected age- and size-at-maturation.