bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experiences and lessons learned from the End-of-Substructure card production of the ATLAS ITk Strip upgrade
Authors: Bauckhage L. , Boebel A.L. , Ceslik H. , Dam M. , da Silva A. , Diez Cornell S. , Garvey C.M. , Gotfredsen R.S. , Göttlicher P. , Gregor I.M. , Keaveney J.M. , Palmelund A. , Ruiz Daza S. , Schmitt S. , Stanitzki M. , Strom L.R. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The silicon tracker of the ATLAS experiment will be upgraded for the upcoming
High-Luminosity Upgrade of the LHC. The main building blocks of the new strip tracker are
modules that consist of silicon sensors and hybrid PCBs hosting the read-out ASICs. The modules
are mounted on rigid carbon-fiber substructures, known as staves in the central barrel region and
petals in the end-cap regions, that provide common services to all the modules. At the end of
each stave or petal side, a so-called End-of-Substructure (EoS) card facilitates the transfer of
data, power, and control signals between the modules and the off-detector systems. The EoS
connects up to 28 data lines to one or two lpGBT chips that provide data serialization and uses a
10 Gbit s-1 versatile optical link to transmit signals to the off-detector
systems. To meet the tight integration requirements in the detector, several different EoS card
designs are needed. The power to the EoS is provided by a dedicated dual-stage DC-DC package
providing 2.5 V and 1.2 V to the EoS cards. As the EoS production of almost 2000 EoS
cards and accompanying DC-DC converters is getting close to completion, the production experience
including detailed QC statistics and design validation (QA) results is reported on.
Improved setup and characterization of cadmium telluride detector for in-beam X-ray spectrometry up to 300 kV at Czech Metrology Institute
Authors: Šolc Jaroslav , Šmoldasová Jana , Štemberková Ludmila , Sochor Vladimír , Vykydal Zdenek 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The paper describes the measurement geometry and summarizes
the improvement in the setup and methods used at Czech Metrology
Institute for the spectrometry of X-ray beams with cadmium telluride
X-123CdTe detector. The front, lateral, and rear shielding of the
detector was enlarged and sources of parasitic contribution to the
characteristic peaks in the measured spectrum were
supressed. Methodology for an accurate positioning of the detector
towards the focus point was improved with a tool allowing to
visualize projections of two pinholes using a pixel detector. The
estimated uncertainty of the alignment was 0.2∘. The tilt
of the aperture axis of tungsten collimation disks with 50 μm
and 100 μm aperture diameters, which caused distortion of
measured spectra, was determined allowing, together with the
improved methodology for the detector alignment, to use these disks
in the same way as the other collimation disks with larger aperture
diameters. As a result, the range of measurable photon flux was
increased roughly by a factor of 19. The instrumentation and methods
adopted and optimized at CMI allow to perform mobile in-beam X-ray
spectrometry up to 300 kV in laboratory and clinical conditions
with the range of collimation disks of nominal aperture diameters
starting from 50 μm.
A tannic acid coated silk fibroin sponge loaded with bioglass for noncompressible hemostasis
Authors: Chu Shanshan , Fang Xu , Xu Junfeng , Yuan Wenwen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A hemostatic sponge designed for hemostasis of noncompressible penetrating wounds should exhibit rapid shape recovery, strong coagulation activity, and effective antibacterial property. In this study, we prepared a tannic acid coated silk fibroin sponge loaded with bioglass. In vitro, the sponge had a three-dimensional porous structure, good liquid adsorption capacity, and a water-triggered shape recovery feature. The sponge possessed strong coagulation activity and antibacterial property, while exhibiting low cytotoxicity and minimal hemolytic effects. In vivo, the sponge showed a greater advantage in controlling bleeding from both rat liver injury and penetrating wounds compared to commercial gauze and gelatin sponge. In conclusion, the developed sponge can be promising for noncompressible hemostasis.
The modified Camassa–Holm equation with self-consistent sources
Authors: Li Xiaoyong , Qu Changzheng , Zhang Da-jun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The modified Camassa–Holm equation serves as the dual counterpart to the modified KdV equation. Notably, the modified KdV equation has been shown to possesses the corresponding equation with the self-consistent sources (SCSs). In this paper, we derive the modified Camassa–Holm equation with SCSs based on its bi-Hamiltonian structure. Subsequently, we obtain its Lax pair. Utilizing the Lax pair of the modified Camassa–Holm equation and its variant form with the SCSs, we also derive the Darboux transformations for both the modified Camassa–Holm equation and its counterpart with SCSs. Additionally, we propose a novel approach for constructing the Darboux transformation for these equations.
Zn/In dual doping enhances the thermoelectric performance of SnTe
Authors: Wang Lijun , Shi Xiao-Lei , Li Meng , Li Lvzhou , Dong Cuicui , Miao Pengcheng , Shen Ziyi , Yuan Ningyi , Ding Jianning , Zheng Shuqi , Chen Zhi-Gang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
As a lead-free material, SnTe shows high thermoelectric potential. However, the larger energy separation of SnTe results in a substantially lower Seebeck coefficient, while the relatively lighter atomic mass of Sn contributes to high thermal conductivity, leading to relatively inferior thermoelectric performance. This study employs a simple and effective microwave synthesis method to tune band structures and introduce nano-defects into the SnTe matrix by dual doping with Zn/In. First-principles calculations indicate that Zn/In dual doping introduces energy levels, broadens the band gap to 0.53 eV, and reduces the energy difference between light and heavy hole valence bands to 0.11 eV, significantly increasing the power factor. Moreover, dual doping introduces many point defects and other nano-defects, which contribute to scattering phonons of different wavelengths and reduce the lattice thermal conductivity. As a result, the zT values of all doped samples are higher than those of pure SnTe. At 773 K, the Sn0.98Zn0.01In0.01Te achieves a maximum zT value of approximately 0.53, which is an increase of 60% compared to the zT for pure SnTe at the same temperature. This work demonstrates that effective dual doping using the solvothermal method is a viable strategy for improving the thermoelectric performance of SnTe.
Emerging trends in Hybrid ECM: a review of multi-assisted machining techniques
Authors: pawar Aniket Baburao , Chavan Sachin , Jadhav Pradeep V. , Jadhav Dattatray B. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Hybrid Electrochemical Machining (ECM) techniques have emerged as a promising solution for precision machining, particularly for hard-to-machine materials in industries like aerospace, biomedical, and micro-manufacturing. By integrating additional energy sources such as ultrasonic vibrations, magnetic fields, lasers, and plasma with conventional ECM, these hybrid processes overcome limitations such as low material removal rates, poor surface quality, and tool wear. This review provides a comprehensive overview of various hybrid ECM techniques, discussing their advantages, challenges, and current industrial applications. Key challenges highlighted include the high cost of equipment, complex process control, and difficulties in scaling up for large-scale industrial use. Recent advancements in smart monitoring systems and real-time feedback mechanisms offer potential solutions to these challenges by improving control over process parameters like electrolyte flow, voltage, and current density. The review also proposes hybrid-hybrid ECM—the integration of multiple assistive technologies—as a future research direction that could further enhance machining flexibility, precision, and surface quality. Additionally, the importance of sustainability in ECM processes, through the exploration of less hazardous electrolytes and energy-efficient techniques, is emphasized as a critical area for future research. Overall, this paper aims to guide future studies in advancing hybrid ECM technologies for broader industrial application and improved efficiency.
Milling cutter wear feature extraction based on complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN) and Lempel-Ziv complexity
Authors: Qiu Hui , Wei Junkang , Ji Yi , Zhang Shuai , Chen Leiqing , Pan Xiaoming 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
To accurately and quantitatively extract the wear characteristics of milling cutters during the milling process, the wear signal of the milling cutter is collected using a laser vibrometer. The characteristics of the tool wear signal during the milling process are analyzed in the time, frequency, and time-frequency domains. The Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise (CEEMDAN) method is employed to extract the characteristic quantities from different wear signals of the milling cutter. Subsequently, the Lempel-Ziv complexity algorithm is applied to analyze the wear characteristics under various wear states, allowing for the quantitative evaluation of these states. Finally, the statistical principle is applied to establish the wear discrimination intervals for the milling cutter under different wear states: the normal working complexity interval is [0.139, 0.174], and the wear failure complexity interval is [0.202, 0.228]. The proposed CEEMDAN + Lempel-Ziv method achieves an accuracy of 93.33% in accurately identifying the normal operation of the milling cutter and an accuracy of 95% in identifying wear failure of the milling cutter.
Improvement of the reading algorithm for pointer instruments based on deep learning
Authors: Pang Junjie , Liu Bo , Han Zhiyin , Liu Xiaoqun , Hao Juan , Li Shaojie , Sun Xu , Liu Xiaolei , Wang Guoping , Gao Wei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Pointer instruments, widely used in complex environments, pose challenges for manual reading due to inefficiency and difficulty, and for intelligent devices, problems arise with instrument localization, low inference accuracy, and incorrect readings. To address these issues, this paper proposes a novel deep-learning algorithm that divides the reading problem of pointer instruments into three stages. First, the NV-YOLOv8 model is introduced to identify the instrument's location, and Spatial Transformer Networks are employed to correct spatial transformations of the instrument panel. Then, a U-Net-based improved algorithm is used to segment the instrument panel and pointer. Finally, an End-to-End text recognition method and a novel weighted angle approach are applied for reading. The mean relative error is introduced to evaluate the reading accuracy, and the algorithm is assessed on a collected dataset. Even on tilted, blurred, or damaged instrument panels, our algorithm demonstrates a certain advantage, with a mean relative error of only 2.76%, outperforming other mainstream methods. Experimental results verify the proposed reading method's promising performance.
Bark anatomy of Euphorbia tirucalli (Euphorbiaceae): A unique way of bark dilatation on a stem succulent tree
Authors: Shilaluke Kolwane Calphonia , Moteetee Annah , Oskolski Alexei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background and aim
The covering tissue structure is important for leafless stem succulents, influencing their photosynthetic activity. Usually, the epidermis on succulent stems persists for a long time, making the stem photosynthesize as long as possible. Its persistence implies maintaining the continuity of covering tissues during bark dilatation. In most plants, dilatation is performed by developing periderm(s) to replace the epidermis. The ways of bark dilatation with delay of periderm formation remain poorly known. In the present study, we examine the structure of the juvenile and mature bark of succulent pencil tree Euphorbia tirucalli (Euphorbiaceae) to clarify the ways of dilatation of its protective tissues.

Methods
The bark structure of Euphorbia tirucalli at various developmental stages was examined using light and scanning electron microscopy.

Key results
The epidermis is found not only on young stems of E. tirucalli but also on the bark of its thick branches and trunk, which are up to about 6 cm in diameter. On the young stems, the stomata are sunken in long vertical grooves. On the older stems, these grooves are stretched out due to dilatation, bringing stomata to the surface. Expansion cracks, i.e. broad vertical epidermal ruptures underlaid by tightly arranged tangential strands of cortical parenchyma, appear between the stomatal zones on dilated bark. The phellogen is initiated in the depth of the cortex beneath the epidermal ruptures long after their formation.

Conclusions
The bark dilatation by forming epidermal ruptures with delayed initiation of periderm was found for the first time. Prolonged photosynthesis in the succulent stem is the main functional benefit of such a bark dilatation method. The initiation of periderm in the depth of the cortex has not been reported in stem succulents other than a few Euphorbia species.
The influence of dolphin group coordination on cooperative foraging with humans
Authors: McGarvey Kiera , Daura-Jorge Fábio G , Machado Alexandre M S , Farine Damien R , Rogan Emer , Cantor Mauricio 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Social foraging is a collective solution to the challenge of catching prey. A remarkable example involving different predator species with complementary hunting skills is Lahille’s bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus gephyreus) foraging with net-casting human fishers to catch migratory mullet (Mugil liza). It remains unknown, however, to what extent dolphins coordinate their own actions when foraging with humans, and how intraspecific coordination impacts interspecific foraging success. Using drone-based tracking, we quantified dolphin group surfacing behaviours (diving synchrony, proximity, heading angles between individuals) and tested the repeatability of these behavioural metrics across independent human-dolphin cooperative foraging interactions. We then quantified how the variance and consistency in these behaviours influenced the likelihood of fishers catching mullet. We found repeatable patterns in dolphin group proximity and heading angles across cooperative foraging interactions with fishers, and that fishers were more successful at catching mullet when dolphins approached them along different trajectories with consistent diving synchrony. These findings suggest that groups of dolphins can be, to some extent, coordinated when fishing with humans, thereby influencing the collective outcome of this cooperative foraging tactic. We consider hypotheses for the underlying mechanisms of synchrony and coordination within groups of dolphins and highlight solutions for overcoming the inherent challenges associated with quantifying collective foraging dynamics in natural settings.
Resource utilisation associated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation versus microaxial flow pump for infarct-related cardiogenic shock
Authors: Bogerd M , ten Hoorn L , ten Berg S , Peters E J , Engström A E , Malekzadeh A , Thiele H , Møller J E , Hassager C , Vlaar A P J , Henriques J P S 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Microaxial flow pump and venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) are increasingly used in infarct-related cardiogenic shock (AMICS). This study provides a comparative overview of real-world resource utilisation associated with these devices (PROSPERO: CRD42024505174).

Methods
EMBASE, MEDLINE and Cochrane Library were sought from inception to 13-11-2024 for studies reporting at least one primary outcome, including intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS), hospital LOS, in-hospital costs and discharge destination. In-hospital mortality was included as secondary outcome. This study was guided by the PRISMA-2020 guideline. Study selection and data extraction were independently performed by two researchers. Risk-of-bias assessments were done using the Newcastle-Ottawa-Scale. Data were pooled using random-effect models.

Results
In total, 12 retrospective cohorts were identified encompassing 92,262 microaxial flow pump- and 16,474 VA-ECMO patients data. The meta-analysis of hospital LOS and in-hospital costs revealed favourable results for the microaxial flow pump, with mean differences (MD) of -5.3 days (95%CI: -6.6, -4.1) and -$113,983 (95%CI: -$143,153, -$84,812) respectively. Microaxial flow pump survivors were also 45% more likely to be discharged home (95%CI: 1.28 - 1.64). ICU-LOS was reported by one study, reporting a 10 days MD in favour of the microaxial flow pump. The averaged in-hospital mortality rates were 44% and 57% for the microaxial flow pump and VA-ECMO respectively. An inherent limitation of observational studies is confounding by indication.

Conclusions
Microaxial flow pump was associated with lower resource utilisation compared to VA-ECMO. Resource utilisation should be incorporated in prospective RCTs and taken into account when considering these devices.
Ways of implementing ELF in the classroom
Authors: Illés Éva 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In response to ELF-aware language pedagogy expounded in the 2020 special issue of ELT Journal, this article intends to offer alternative ways of integrating ELF into the language classroom. In both cases, the intention is to challenge native-speaker norms of language use and prepare learners for the difficulties ELF communication presents. While ELF-aware pedagogy aims to raise learners’ awareness of the nature of ELF communication via exposure to samples of ELF interactions, the tasks proposed in this article engage learners on their own terms, acting not only as learners but also as users and researchers of ELF. The tasks outlined include exploiting the classroom as a venue of genuine communication, student presentations, translation, and linguistic landscape and other projects. To achieve active participation, teachers need to be familiar with their students’ individual differences, including their motivation, experiences, strengths and weaknesses, as well as their individual learning paths.
May Measurement Month 2022: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from Mexico
Authors: Alcocer Luis , Palomo Silvia , Lechuga Maria G Berumen , Cerda-Mancillar Megan C , Acosta-Mass Arlene G , Camarillo-Nava Victor M , Alvarez-Aguilar Cleto , Garcia-Cortes Luis R , Rincon-Leon Hector A , Avila-Jimenez Laura , Beaney Thomas , Kerr Gabriele , Poulter Neil R 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The May Measurement Month (MMM) campaign was carried out in Mexico in 2022 with the aim of raising awareness of raised blood pressure (BP). Here, we report on the findings of the campaign. Adults aged ≥ 18 years were recruited opportunistically at first-contact health centers in several states of the Mexican Republic. Three seated BP readings were taken for each participant, along with completion of a questionnaire on demographics, lifestyle factors, and comorbidities. Hypertension was defined as a systolic BP ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg or being on antihypertensive medication. Controlled BP was defined as being on antihypertensive medication with a BP &lt;140/90 mmHg. Multiple imputation was used to estimate any missing BP readings. In total, 41 953 adults were screened, with a mean age of 48.5 years and 58.2% were female. Of all participants, 16 888 (40.3%) had hypertension, of whom 14 465 (85.7%) were aware, and 14 265 (84.5%) were on antihypertensive medication. Of those on antihypertensive medication, 9712 (68.1%) had controlled BP, and of all participants with hypertension, 57.5% had controlled BP. In total, 7176 (17.1%) had either untreated or inadequately treated hypertension. In conclusion, the MMM campaign in Mexico in 2022 identified significant numbers of participants with either untreated or inadequately treated hypertension. Among those on antihypertensive medication, only two-thirds of them achieved controlled BP levels, despite receiving their medication at no direct cost to them, suggesting a significant problem of medical inertia.
Gay Men as Caregivers for Spouses with Dementia: Intersections of Gender and Sexual Orientation
Authors: Calasanti Toni , Snow Sadie , de Vries Brian , Geng Jing 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
Despite the importance of spousal caregiving, and the increase in same-sex marriages concomitant to its legalization in 2015, few studies have examined the experiences of same-sex spousal caregivers. We use an intersectional approach to explore how gender and sexual orientation shape gay men’s particular caregiving approaches for their spouses living with dementia.

Methods
We focused on a subsample of gay (N=13) contrasted with straight husbands (N=15) from a national study of spousal dementia caregivers. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews and analyzed thematically by a team.

Results
We find that sexual minority status and gender interact to shape gay men’s caregiving approaches. Gay men’s broader division of labor in households combine with experiences of discrimination based on sexuality, and HIV/AIDS, as well as being a part of a same-sex couple to influence their caregiving approaches in unique ways. Specifically, they combine a task-oriented approach with concern for the personhood of the care receiver; bring strength and empathy borne of struggle; and what they feel is a deeper understanding of the care receiver given their shared status as gay men.

Discussion
Our findings indicate that gay men’s flexibility in divisions of labor results in variable sets of skills, resources, and identities they bring to and approach their caregiving. In addition, some of the many negative experiences borne of HIV/AIDS and discrimination are reframed as sources of strength and guide caregiving efforts. Together, these findings highlight the intersecting effects of gender and sexual orientation on spousal caregiving.
Frequency dependence of Rayleigh wave amplification by variation in Earth structure investigated using the constant energy flux approximation
Authors: Menke William , Dalton Colleen A , Lloyd Andrew , Lopes da Silva Danielle , Levin Vadim 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The sensitivity of Rayleigh wave amplitude to Earth structure has applications to seismic tomography, both in cases where amplitude information is used to supplement phase velocity data to improve images of elastic parameters, and to correct amplitudes for local Earth structure in attenuation tomography. We review the theoretical basis of the ray theoretical approximation, in which the wave amplitudes are controlled by a combination of geometrical spreading and local changes in energy density due to Earth structure. We focus mainly on the latter effect, which we term the constant energy flux approximation. We investigate the ray theoretical basis for this approximation, test it against a full waveform simulation that verifies its accuracy and show how it can be used to compute the sensitivity of amplitude to elastic moduli and density. We investigate how perturbing these parameters in a set of simple Earth models affects Rayleigh wave amplitudes, and demonstrate that a slow velocity heterogeneity can cause either increased or reduced amplitudes, depending upon the depth of the heterogeneity and the observation frequency. Consequently, amplitude sensitivity can be either positive or negative, and its magnitude can vary significantly with frequency. Although an added complication, the very different behaviour of phase velocity and amplitudes to changes in Earth structure implies that the two types of data are complementary and suggest the effectiveness of using both in Rayleigh wave tomography.