bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discourses contexts and collaboration
Authors: Jensen Povl Erik 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis paper starts and ends with a discussion on whether management should draw conclusions and make decisions on the basis of information alone or also should take into account the intangible aspects of the situation and intuition. The analysis of this question focuses on how and where (productive) knowledge is created. The critical input in the production process is knowledge because knowledge is the basic source of values. All knowledge is attained and possessed by individuals. In contrast, the use of (productive) knowledge to create values is a collective process. This is so because only information, and not knowledge, can be shared and spread among the members of an organization. Thus, information must be transformed into knowledge (possessed by individuals) and back into information again that is shared among members of the organization if values are to be produced.The aim of this paper is to explore how productive knowledge is created in the collective processes involved in the coordination and cooperation activities that individuals perform in a close working relationship. This coordination is guided by discourses (or conversations). These discourses (conversations) can be both context specific and general. Context‐specific discourses create a collective identity, that is specific to the context in question, while general discourses may also create particularized identities stemming from contexts removed from the specific context. Discourses can be evaluated “from the outside” by studying the narrative texts produced by the organization. Such a study is used in the empirical component of this paper. From discourses with texts and histories, the participants create common constructions that boost knowledge sharing among them and the company's customers. If management (and employees) can develop dense working relationships among themselves and their customers on the basis of discourses, contexts, and collaboration activities unique to them, they can rely heavily on information sharing without being exposed to the risk that the company's core capabilities are likely to be copied. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Technological and conceptual accessibility to measure the soundness of an e‐business idea
Authors: Capece Guendalina 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to present two new parameters that aim to support the selection phase of a new e‐business idea in order to evaluate its soundness and effectiveness.The paper explains the reasons for the creation of these new parameters, the identification of the measures and the metrics to evaluate them, and presents the final results and their meaning.This new methodology should integrate the traditional business analysis concepts through the identification of new useful measures that are specific to the e‐business field.The parameters identified have been called “Conceptual Accessibility” and “Technological Accessibility.”In order to tune the new parameters and to execute all the needed subjective evaluations a user panel of 100 potential users was selected and utilized. In order to assess the soundness of the identified parameters and to give a definition and a metric that will allow a quantitative evaluation of the idea the reference user panel gave evaluations on an enterprise reference group of well known e‐business ventures. All the components of the enterprise reference group are examples of successful implementation of e‐business ideas. The users in the panel were carefully selected in order to represent the expected target of the new e‐business idea to be evaluated. In the final sections of the paper we finally discuss the results and underline the advantages of this methodology. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing the value of an e‐mail knowledge extraction system
Authors: Tedmori Sara , Jackson Thomas W. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis paper reviews an approach to locating knowledge holders within organizations through the use of a well‐established communication medium, E‐mail. The approach has been used to develop the E‐mail knowledge extraction (EKE) tool. EKE was then evaluated at an academic institution in the United Kingdom. This study represents the first effort to validate the viability of the E‐mail medium as a source of knowledge profiling data, to be used for finding employees who possess the required knowledge. It also looks at the socio–ethical challenges associated with EKE's adoption. The overall evaluation of EKE found it to be useful, interesting, easy and intuitive to use and of potential benefit to employees within organizations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The organizational knowledge iceberg: An empirical investigation
Authors: Haider Sajjad 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis study explores the critical success factors of implementing and running a knowledge management program. In doing so, the paper proposes and tests a conceptual model of “knowledge iceberg” inside the organization using a case study methodology. In total 89 in‐depth semi‐structured interviews were conducted over a period of 1 year in the SoftNetCo company to study success factors in the implementation of knowledge initiatives. During the research period 11 knowledge management initiatives were launched in the company which provided an excellent platform to conduct this research. The findings of the study suggest the existence of a knowledge iceberg inside organizations. It is reported that six activities can cause the knowledge iceberg to rise which is critical for the success of knowledge management initiatives. It is further argued that a holistic approach is required to manage knowledge, people, and culture and that managers have to concentrate more on managing people than the knowledge itself. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Li–Fraumeni and Li–Fraumeni‐like syndrome mutations in p53 are associated with exonic methylation and splicing regulatory elements
Authors: Kouidou Sofia , Malousi Andigoni , Maglaveras Nicos 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMutations in codon 133 of p53, which cause the loss of the Δ133 isoform(s) expression, are very frequent in the Li–Fraumeni (LF) and Li–Fraumeni‐like (LFL) syndromes. In sporadic cancers, silent p53 mutations are correlated with exonic splicing enhancers (ESEs) and exonic methylated sites. The present study shows that mutations in splice sites are also very frequent in LF/LFL syndromes, while missense mutations are less common compared to other familial or sporadic cancers (P = 0 in both cases). Furthermore, it is shown that the codons at which LF/LFL germline missense mutations occur, correlate with CpG‐containing ESEs (r = 0.181, P = 0.014) which are all methylated in p53. While both silent and LF/LFL missense mutations correlate with SC35 motifs, only the latter are associated with SRp55. On the contrary, only silent mutations in sporadic cancers correlate with SF2/ASF motifs in p53. Moreover, 12.1% of LF/LFL missense mutations involve the formation of potential splice sites of considerable splicing scores. Finally, mutations that are not at, or adjacent to CpGs (±1 codon, 34% of all LF/LFL mutated sites), introduce considerable changes of the ESE scores (>1.3 score change). The above data verify that LF/LFL missense mutations probably result also in splicing deregulation, in addition to any changes of the protein function and are mostly associated with alterations of the exonic methylation landscape. Some of the ESEs affected in LF/LFL syndromes are also genetically unstable in sporadic cancers but non‐CpG cytosine instability, which is predominantly associated with specific ESEs, is only common in sporadic cancers. Mol. Carcinog. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of intrinsic noise generated by a thermotesting device on thermal sensory detection and thermal pain detection thresholds
Authors: Pavlaković G. , Züchner K. , Zapf A. , Bachmann C.G. , Graf B.M. , Crozier T. A. , Pavlaković H. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractVarious factors can influence thermal perception threshold measurements and contribute significantly to unwanted variability of the tests. To minimize this variability, testing should be performed under strictly controlled conditions. Identifying the factors that increase the variability and eliminating their influence should increase reliability and reproducibility. Currently available thermotesting devices use a water‐cooling system that generates a continuous noise of approximately 60 dB. In order to analyze whether this noise could influence the thermal threshold measurements we compared the thresholds obtained with a silent thermotesting device to those obtained with a commercially available device. The subjects were tested with one randomly chosen device on 1 day and with the other device 7 days later. At each session, heat, heat pain, cold, and cold pain thresholds were determined with three measurements. Bland–Altman analysis was used to assess agreement in measurements obtained with different devices and it was shown that the intersubject variability of the thresholds obtained with the two devices was comparable for all four thresholds tested. In contrast, the intrasubject variability of the thresholds for heat, heat pain, and cold pain detection was significantly lower with the silent device. Our results show that thermal sensory thresholds measured with the two devices are comparable. However, our data suggest that, for studies with repeated measurements on the same subjects, a silent thermotesting device may allow detection of smaller differences in the treatment effects and/or may permit the use of a smaller number of tested subjects. Muscle Nerve 40: 257–263, 2009
Modulation of the soleus H‐reflex following galvanic vestibular stimulation and cutaneous stimulation in prone human subjects
Authors: Lowrey Catherine R. , Bent Leah R. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThere is evidence to suggest that vestibular and somatosensory inputs may interact when they are processed by the central nervous system, although the nature of the individual sensory contributions to this interaction is unknown. We examined the effects of a combined vestibular and cutaneous conditioning stimulus on the motoneuron pool that supplies the soleus muscle via the Hoffman reflex (H‐reflex). We applied galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS; bipolar, binaural, 500 ms, 2.5‐mA square‐wave pulse) and cutaneous stimulation (medial plantar nerve; 11 ms, three‐pulse train, 200 HZ) to prone human subjects and examined changes in the amplitude of the H‐reflex. GVS alone caused facilitation (approximately 20%) of the H‐reflex, whereas ipsilateral cutaneous stimulation alone caused a 26% inhibition. Paired GVS and cutaneous stimulation resulted in a linear summation of the individual conditioning effects. H‐reflex amplitudes observed after paired conditioning with GVS and cutaneous stimulation could be predicted from the amplitudes observed with individual conditioning. These results suggest that in the prone position, when the muscles are not posturally engaged, vestibular and somatosensory information appear to sum in a linear fashion to influence the reflex response of lower limb motoneurons. Muscle Nerve 40: 213–220, 2009
Bone loss in survival motor neuron (Smn−/−SMN2) genetic mouse model of spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Shanmugarajan Srinivasan , Tsuruga Eichi , Swoboda Kathryn J , Maria Bernard L , Ries William L , Reddy Sakamuri V 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSpinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is characterized by degenerating lower motor neurons and an increased incidence of congenital bone fractures. Survival motor neuron (SMN) levels are significantly reduced due to deletions/mutations in the telomeric SMN1 gene in these patients. We utilized the Smn−/− SMN2 mouse model of SMA to determine the functional role for SMN in bone remodelling. µCT analysis of lumber vertebrae, tibia and femur bones from SMA mice revealed an osteoporotic bone phenotype. Histological analysis demonstrated a thin porous cortex of cortical bone and thin trabeculae at the proximal end of the growth plate in the vertebrae of SMA mice compared to wild‐type mice. Histochemical staining of the vertebrae showed the presence of abundant activated osteoclasts on the sparse trabeculae and on the endosteal surface of the thin cortex in SMA mice. Histomorphometric analysis of vertebrae from SMA mice showed an increased number of osteoclasts. Serum TRAcP5b and urinary NTx levels were elevated, consistent with increased bone resorption in these mice. SMA mice showed a significant decrease in the levels of osteoblast differentiation markers, osteocalcin, osteopontin and osterix mRNA expression; however, there were no change in the levels of alkaline phosphatase expression compared to WT mice. SMA mouse bone marrow cultures revealed an increased rate of osteoclast formation (54%) and bone resorption capacity (46%) compared to WT mice. Pre‐osteoclast cells from SMA mice showed constitutive up‐regulation of RANK receptor signalling molecules critical for osteoclast differentiation. Our results implicate SMN function in bone remodelling and skeletal pathogenesis in SMA. Understanding basic mechanisms of SMN action in bone remodelling may uncover new therapeutic targets for preventing bone loss/fracture risk in SMA. Copyright © 2009 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A case of multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis with primary hypothyroidism followed by type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Shima Haruko , Inokuchi Mikako , Shimada Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe report a case of a 13‐year‐old female with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) and primary hypothyroidism followed by type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM), both of which are rare complications. In LCH diagnosis, imaging studies showed an enlargement of the thyroid gland, suggesting the involvement of LCH cells. While the pancreas appeared normal, insulin secretion markedly deteriorated 11 months after cessation of chemotherapy. Even without direct pancreatic involvement, there is a possibility that LCH could induce DM as a part of its long‐term complications. In particular, thyroid involvement may be related to the onset of DM. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:232–234. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A strategy to provide long‐term control of weedy rice while mitigating herbicide resistance transgene flow, and its potential use for other crops with related weeds
Authors: Gressel Jonathan , Valverde Bernal E 
Published: April 2009

AbstractTransgenic herbicide‐resistant rice is needed to control weeds that have evolved herbicide resistance, as well as for the weedy (feral, red) rice problem, which has been exacerbated by shifting to direct seeding throughout the world—firstly in Europe and the Americas, and now in Asia, as well as in parts of Africa. Transplanting had been the major method of weedy rice control. Experience with imidazolinone‐resistant rice shows that gene flow to weedy rice is rapid, negating the utility of the technology. Transgenic technologies are available that can contain herbicide resistance within the crop (cleistogamy, male sterility, targeting to chloroplast genome, etc.), but such technologies are leaky. Mitigation technologies tandemly couple (genetically link) the gene of choice (herbicide resistance) with mitigation genes that are neutral or good for the crop, but render hybrids with weedy rice and their offspring unfit to compete. Mitigation genes confer traits such as non‐shattering, dwarfism, no secondary dormancy and herbicide sensitivity. It is proposed to use glyphosate and glufosinate resistances separately as genes of choice, and glufosinate, glyphosate and bentazone susceptibilities as mitigating genes, with a six‐season rotation where each stage kills transgenic crop volunteers and transgenic crop × weed hybrids from the previous season. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Second harmonic generation in melilite‐type Ba2MgGe2O7
Authors: Bayarjargal Lkhamsuren , Becker Petra , Liebertz Josef , Bohatý Ladislav 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe components of the nonlinear optical susceptibility tensor [dijk SHG] (SHG tensor) of the melilite‐type tetragonal germanate Ba2MgGe2O7, that allows phase matched second harmonic generation and sum frequency generation in a wide spectral range, were determined using the Maker fringes method. The values of the components amount about one third of d36SHG of KH2PO4 (KDP). Effective nonlinear susceptibilities for SHG phase matching directions are given for different wavelengths. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Comparison between the performances of the spin‐projected Hartree–Fock, generalized valence‐bond, and spin‐coupled approaches
Authors: Karadakov Peter B. , Cooper David L. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe total energies from spin‐projected Hartree–Fock (spin‐PHF), generalized valence‐bond with perfect‐pairing and strong orthogonality restrictions (GVB‐PP‐SO), and fully‐variational spin‐coupled (SC) calculations are compared for a series of unsaturated alternant hydrocarbons, ranging from trans buta‐1,3‐diene to naphthalene. The extent to which the spin‐PHF and GVB‐PP‐SO wavefunctions for these molecules can approximate the more general SC wavefunction can be understood by analyzing the weights of the different modes of spin coupling in the full SC treatment. The spin‐PHF wavefunction is found to display a surprising ability to capture more of the π‐space correlation effects in aromatic and antiaromatic systems than its GVB‐PP‐SO counterpart, even in the case of naphthalene, a molecule with 10 π electrons. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
Anatomy of bond formation: Insights from the analysis of domain‐averaged Fermi holes in momentum space
Authors: Cooper David L. , Ponec Robert 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAlongside conventional domain‐averaged Fermi hole (DAFH) analysis in position space, we examine an alternative representation in momentum space. As examples, we consider the processes of splitting the chemical bonds in the simple diatomic molecules H2, N2, and LiH, as representatives of nonpolar single, nonpolar multiple, and polar bonding. We believe that the additional information provided by the complementary description in momentum space contributes to a better understanding of the phenomenon of chemical bonding. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
Choice and performance of governance mechanisms: matching alliance governance to asset type
Authors: Hoetker Glenn , Mellewigt Thomas 
Published: April 2009

AbstractFormal and relational governance mechanisms are used in strategic alliances to coordinate resources and mitigate the risk of opportunistic behavior. While recent work has shown that these approaches are not mutually exclusive, we understand little about when one approach is superior to the other. Using data on the governance choices and subsequent performance of alliances in the German telecommunications industry, we find that the optimal configuration of formal and relational governance mechanisms depends on the assets involved in an alliance, with formal mechanisms best suited to property‐based assets and relational governance best suited to knowledge‐based assets. Furthermore, a mismatch between governance mechanisms and asset type can harm the performance of the alliance. Our findings contribute to transaction cost economics, the literature on relational governance, and recent work studying their interaction. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonoperative Management of Intraabdominal Hypertension and Abdominal Compartment Syndrome
Authors: Cheatham Michael L. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIntraabdominal hypertension (IAH) and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) have detrimental effects on all organ systems and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. In recent years, the diagnosis and management of these syndromes has evolved tremendously, and the importance of comprehensive strategies to reduce intraabdominal pressure (IAP) has been recognized. All clinicians should be aware of the risk factors that predict the development of IAH/ACS, the appropriate measurement of IAP, and the current resuscitation options for managing these highly morbid syndromes. The nonoperative management of IAH/ACS can be summarized using five therapeutic goals: evacuate intraluminal contents, evacuate intraabdominal space‐occupying lesions, improve abdominal wall compliance, optimize fluid administration, and optimize systemic and regional tissue perfusion. Surgical intervention through open abdominal decompression should immediately be pursued for patients with progressive IAH, end‐organ dysfunction, and failure that is refractory to these nonoperative therapies. This comprehensive management strategy has been demonstrated to improve patient survival and long‐term outcome.
Influencing Factors of Symptomatic Anastomotic Leakage After Anterior Resection of the Rectum for Cancer
Authors: Cong Zhi‐jie , Fu Chuan‐gang , Wang Han‐tao , Liu Lian‐jie , Zhang Wei , Wang Hao 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the present study was to analyze the factors associated with anastomotic leakage after anterior resection for rectal cancer.MethodsRetrospectively collected consecutive data of 738 rectal cancer patients who underwent anterior resection in our hospital between 2005 and 2008 were reviewed. The associations between 15 patient‐related and surgery‐related variables and anastomotic leakage were studied with both the univariate chi‐square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsUnivariate analysis showed that risk factors associated with anastomotic leakage were low rectal cancer (located 5 cm or less above the dentate line) (5.9% vs. 0.9%; P = 0.003), non‐specialized surgeon (3.9% vs. 11.3%; P = 0.031), and defunctioning transanal catheter placement (14.5% vs. 3.6%; P < 0.001). It should be noted that the mean surgeon case volumes of anterior resection of colorectal surgeons and non‐specialized general surgeons were 43 per year and 2 per year, respectively (P < 0.001). In addition, there was a tendency for colorectal surgeons to operate on a greater proportion of low rectal cancers (72.1% vs. 52.8%; P = 0.003). In the multivariate analysis, besides low rectal cancer, non‐specialized surgeon, and transanal catheter placement, three other factors were associated with anastomotic leakage: diabetes mellitus (P = 0.027), free distal margins less than 1 cm (P = 0.009), and a defunctioning stoma (P = 0.031). In a further analysis of 522 patients with low rectal cancer, the leakage rate in patients with a defunctioning stoma was significantly lower (2.9% vs. 8.5%; P = 0.007). By contrast, the leakage rate in the transanal catheter placement group was higher (15.1% vs. 4.9%; P = 0.008), because of its poor protective effect as well as the selection bias.ConclusionsFrom the findings of this study, we believe that low rectal cancer, non‐specialized surgeons, and diabetes mellitus are risk factors for anastomotic leakage after rectal surgery, and that a defunctioning stoma could significantly reduce the incidence of leakage in low rectal cancer patients.