bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequency Weighted Discrete-Time Controller Order Reduction Using Bilinear Transformation
Authors: Karimaghaee Paknosh , Noroozi Navid 
Published: June 2011

Frequency Weighted Discrete-Time Controller Order Reduction Using Bilinear TransformationThis paper addresses a new method for order reduction of linear time invariant discrete-time controller. This method leads to a new algorithm for controller reduction when a discrete time controller is used to control a continuous time plant. In this algorithm, at first, a full order controller is designed ins-plane. Then, bilinear transformation is applied to map the closed loop system toz-plane. Next, new closed loop controllability and observability grammians are calculated inz-plane. Finally, balanced truncation idea is used to reduce the order of controller. The stability property of the reduced order controller is discussed. To verify the effectiveness of our method, a reduced controller is designed for four discs system.
A Stand-Alone Induction Generator with Improved Stator Flux Oriented Control
Authors: Vukadinović Dinko , Bašić Mateo 
Published: June 2011

A Stand-Alone Induction Generator with Improved Stator Flux Oriented ControlThis paper presents an improved stator flux oriented (SFO) control system for a stand-alone induction generator. The induction generator supplies a variable resistive dc load. In order to provide an essentially constant terminal voltage, the product of the rotor speed and the stator flux reference should remain constant. However, in this case the control system is not able to function properly at different loads and dc-link voltages. In this paper, we introduce a new algorithm in which this product is constant at certain dc-load and dc-link voltage references. The dependence of the stator flux reference on the dc load and dc voltage reference is mapped using an artificial neural network (ANN). We also present an analysis of the efficiency of the SFO control system, as well as its performance during transients, over a wide range of both dc-link voltage references and loads. The validity of the proposed approach is verified by realistic simulation in a Matlab-Simulink environment.
Plasmon-enhanced second harmonic generation in semiconductor quantum dots close to metal nanoparticles
Authors: Jais Pablo M. , Von Bilderling Catalina , Bragas Andrea V. 
Published: June 2011

We report the enhancement of the optical second harmonic signal in non-centrosymmetric semiconductor CdS quantum dots, when they are placed in close contact with isolated silver nanoparticles. The intensity enhancement is about 1000. We also show that the enhancement increases when the incoming laser frequency $\omega$ is tuned toward the spectral position of the silver plasmon at $2\omega$, proving that the silver nanoparticle modifies the nonlinear emission. Received: 8 March 2011, Accepted: 30 May 2011; Edited by: L. Viña; Reviewed by: R. Gordon, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada; DOI: 10.4279/PIP.030002Cite as: P. M. Jais, C. von Bilderling, A. V. Bragas, Papers in Physics 3, 030002 (2011)
Rainfall infiltration‐derived submarine groundwater discharge from multi‐layered aquifer system terminating at the coastline
Authors: Guo Qiaona , Li Hailong , Zhou Zhifang , Huang Yong 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis article investigates the quantity of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) from a coastal multi‐layered aquifer system in response to constant rainfall infiltration. The system comprises an unconfined aquifer, a leaky confined aquifer and an aquitard between them and terminates at the coastline. An approximate analytical solution is derived based on the following assumptions: (i) flow is horizontal in the aquifers and vertical in the aquitard, and (ii) flow in the unconfined aquifer is described by nonlinear Boussinesq equation. The analytical solution is compared with numerical solutions of the strictly two‐dimensional nonlinear model to validate the model assumptions used for the analytical solution. The SGD from the leaky confined aquifer increases with the inland rainfall infiltration recharge and the specific leakage of aquitard. The maximum SGD ranges from 1·87 to 10·37 m3 per day per meter of shoreline when rainfall infiltration ranges from 18·2 to 182 mm/year and the specific leakage of aquitard varies from 10−9 to 10−1 l/day. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unusual occurrence of non carotenogenic strains of Dunaliella bardawil and Dunaliella parva in India
Authors: Jayappriyan K. R. , Rajkumar R. , Rengasamy R. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIdentification of green algal genus Dunaliella by conventional method is hard target since the strains vary morphologically and physiologically with conditions of growth. In this study, a total of nine different isolates of Dunaliella isolated from the salt pans of Tamil Nadu, India, were identified based on their morphology and cultural characteristics. In addition, the isolates were subjected to molecular identification using genus specific and species specific primers which distinguished the discrepancy in the conventional identification. This study evidently reported the first occurrence of non carotenogenic strains (a new variety) of D. bardawil and D. parva in India. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Diversity of protease‐producing marine bacteria from sub‐antarctic environments
Authors: Cristóbal Héctor Antonio , López Maria Alejandra , Kothe Erika , Abate Carlos Mauricio 
Published: June 2011

AbstractFrom seawater and the intestines of benthonic organisms collected from the Beagle Channel, Argentina, 230 marine bacteria were isolated. Cultivable bacteria were characterized and classified as psychrotolerant, whereas few isolates were psychrophiles. These isolates were capable of producing proteases at 4 and 15 °C under neutral (pH 7.0), alkaline (pH 10.0) and acidic (pH 4.5) conditions on different media, revealing 62, 33 and 22% producers at cold and 84, 47 and 33% producers at low temperatures, respectively. More protease‐producing strains (67%) were detected when isolated from benthic invertebrates as compared to seawater (33%), with protease production under neutral conditions resulting in milk protein hydrolysis halos between 27 and 30 ± 2 mm in diameter. Using sterile 0.22 μm membrane filters, 29 isolates exhibiting extracellular protease activity were detected. These were grouped into six operational taxonomic units by restriction analysis and identified based on 16S rDNA as γ‐proteobacteria of the genera Pseudoalteromonas, Pseudomonas, Shewanella, Alteromonas, Aeromonas, and Serratia. Plasmids were found to be harbored by eight strains, mainly within the isolates from benthonic organisms. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Segmenting the market through the determinants of involvement: The case of fair trade
Authors: Bezençon Valéry , Blili Sam 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe fair trade market includes several types of actors, ranging from world shops to supermarkets, and from restaurants to clothing stores, involving a heterogeneous clientele. An analysis of fair trade consumers must be sufficiently granular to capture their different expectations, attitudes, and motivations; hence the need to segment the market. Through the concept of involvement, the objective of this research is to analyze and compare by segments the determinants of behavior of fair trade consumers. The research consists of three phases: segment identification, behavioral analysis by segment, and synthesis of the managerial implications. Two out of four hypothesized criteria prove to be effective in segmenting the fair trade market, namely age and distribution channel preference (whereas gender and education are not significant criteria). The analysis shows that the drivers of the involvement in the decision to buy fair trade products vary by segment. Thus, the article concludes with the development of communication axes that can trigger or strengthen the desired behaviors in each segment. It provides fair trade marketers with an efficient communication content that can be used for fair trade advertising, product packaging, branding, or merchandising. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Blue InGaN/GaN laser diodes grown on (33$ \bar 3 \bar 1 $) free‐standing GaN substrates
Authors: Hsu Po Shan , Sonoda Junichi , Kelchner Kathryn M. , Tyagi Anurag , Farrell Robert M. , Haeger Daniel A. , Young Erin C. , Romanov Alexey E. , Fujito Kenji , Ohta Hiroaki , DenBaars Steven P. , Speck James S. , Nakamura Shuji 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe demonstrate the first blue AlInGaN‐based laser diodes (LDs) grown on semipolar (33$ \bar 3 \bar 1 $) free‐standing GaN substrates. Etched facet ridge waveguide LDs were fabricated and tested under pulsed operation. Lasing was achieved at 477.5 nm with a threshold current density of 12.2 kA/cm2. The peak electroluminescence wavelength was shown to blue‐shift from approximately 494 nm to 477 nm upon reaching threshold. Initial experimental data also show the (33$ \bar 3 \bar 1 $) plane to have higher indium incorporation efficiency than the (33$ \bar 3 \bar 1 $) plane, suggesting that (33$ \bar 3 \bar 1 $) GaN substrates may be more suitable for growth and fabrication of long‐wavelength AlInGaN‐based LDs than (33$ \bar 3 \bar 1 $) GaN substrates. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Impact of gallium supersaturation on the growth of N‐polar GaN
Authors: Mita Seiji , Collazo Ramón , Rice Anthony , Tweedie James , Xie Jinqiao , Dalmau Rafael , Sitar Zlatko 
Published: June 2011

AbstractExperimental results on growth morphology in N‐polar GaN grown by low‐pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (LP‐MOCVD) were analyzed using a thermodynamic supersaturation model for gallium. Smooth N‐polar GaN films with 1 nm RMS roughness were always obtained under extremely low Ga supersaturation in the vapor, although the growth conditions were seemingly different. It was found that increasing H2 partial pressure during the GaN growth played a role in significantly lowering the Ga supersaturation, since H2 is a product in the formation of GaN. The degree of Ga supersaturation was also controlled by adjusting the partial pressure of Ga species in the vapor. The surface‐diffusion theory dealing with step dynamics described by Burton, Cabrera, and Frank (BCF) was also used to relate Ga supersaturation to the observed smooth N‐polar GaN growth. These findings showed that a supersaturation model encompassing all major MOCVD growth parameters can be used to predict the smooth N‐polar GaN growth conditions. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Materials based on maize biopolymers: Effect of flour components on mechanical and thermal behavior
Authors: Ayadi Farouk , Bliard Christophe , Dole Patrice 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe present study describes the effects of glycerol, relative humidity (RH) and the minor components of corn flour on mechanical and thermal properties of native flour, defatted flour, and starch‐based materials. The kinetic of retrogradation for these different materials were dissimilar. For all samples, strain at break shows a maximum value as a function of RH followed by a decrease, explained by the appearance of water and glycerol clusters. Starch controls the mechanical properties of corn flour‐based material and their variations with temperature and humidity. Lipid and protein have negative effect on mechanical properties of thermoplastic flour toward starch but they did not have a plasticizing effect on the physicochemical behavior of the matrix. Tgs decreased as a result of water content increase.
Differential virulence in two congeneric ticks infesting songbird nestlings
Authors: HEYLEN DIETER J. A. , MATTHYSEN ERIK 
Published: June 2011

SUMMARYVirulence is part of the proximate base to the understanding of host–parasite interactions, and therefore it is crucial to interpret parasite-induced damage as an outcome of co-evolution between parasite and host. We experimentally investigated the impact of 2 congeneric ticks with contrasting transmission modes and host specificity, on the health of songbird nestlings (Parus major). The nidicolousIxodes arboricolalives in tree holes where it obtains blood from adult birds and their nestlings, hence is prone to vertical transmission. All developmental stages of the field-dwellingIxodes ricinusfeed on different host taxa, hence are prone to horizontal transmission. Within each nest we infested 3 nestlings with varying loads ofI. ricinusand 3 withIxodes arboricola. Ixodes arboricolahad no negative effects on nestling health (haematocrit, inflammation, body size, body condition). Body size was positively associated with the number of feedingI. arboricolaadults. In contrast,I. ricinusinfestations by nymphs and adult ticks led to haematocrit reductions. Furthermore,I. arboricolawas a more prudent feeder, with longer feeding durations for smaller bloodmeals. Although the negative effects on nestling health were limited, our results are in line with current theories, stating that virulence increases with horizontal transmission, reduced dependence on individual hosts and reduced relatedness among co-exploiting ticks.
Synergy advances parasite taxonomy and systematics: an example from elasmobranch tapeworms
Authors: CAIRA JANINE N. 
Published: June 2011

SUMMARYThe synergism facilitated by a series of recent developments has conspired to catalyze rapid advancements in the taxonomy and systematics of elasmobranch tapeworms. These developments are: (1) increased interest in global biodiversity; (2) globalization-facilitated communication; (3) enhanced microscopic and digital technologies; (4) availability of web-based taxonomic resources; (5) ease of use and low cost of molecular techniques and (6) the impressive repertoire of available phylogenetic methods. As a consequence, an estimation of global elasmobranch tapeworm diversity is now within our grasp, as is a basic understanding of the effort and resources required to complete the discovery and description of this fauna globally. The generation of robust hypotheses of the phylogenetic relationships for most elasmobranch-parasitizing cestode orders is also well underway. An international community of cestodologists has emerged and through their sharing of knowledge and specimens is making great strides towards expanding knowledge of the cestode fauna of vertebrates worldwide. It is important that these efforts continue to move forward in a collaborative fashion, integrating morphological and molecular data, but also fully engaging elasmobranch taxonomists and systematists. It is equally important that efforts to characterize and describe global biodiversity are not derailed by such seductive, but ultimately unrewarding impracticable initiatives as molecular taxonomy. Integrated taxonomy is certainly not for the feint of heart, but those with the courage to pursue this strategy will be responsible for maintaining and enhancing the biologically relevant context required for effective species recognition well into the future.
FROMC*-ALGEBRA EXTENSIONS TO COMPACT QUANTUM METRIC SPACES, QUANTUM SU(2), PODLEŚ SPHERES AND OTHER EXAMPLES
Authors: CHAKRABORTY PARTHA SARATHI 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe construct compact quantum metric spaces starting from aC*-algebra extension with a positive splitting. As special cases, we discuss Toeplitz algebras, quantum SU(2) and Podleś spheres.
The GATS: a legal perspective on crossroads of conflicting interests
Authors: MUNIN NELLIE 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe GATS was concluded among countries with conflicting interests. Although all its parties were interested in this agreement as an instrument for the enhancement of global trade in services, due balance between this interest and other interests, such as the special status of developing countries and of the sovereign right of Members for domestic regulation, formed a pre-condition for countries' adherence to it. Consequently, these interests were explicitly recognized in the agreement. Nevertheless, analyzing two recent GATS/GATT cases, US–Gambling and China–Publications and AV Products, the article suggests that the WTO adjudicating bodies might be keener to legally assist a complaining developing Member than respondents which are developing Members. It further suggests that in these cases the interests of international trade liberalization seem to prevail over domestic policy goals. The article further analyzes the current and future possible adverse implications of this approach on GATS development as the only multilateral instrument for the enhancement of international trade in services.
Transcriptional response of the photoheterotrophic marine bacterium Dinoroseobacter shibae to changing light regimes
Authors: Tomasch Jürgen , Gohl Regina , Bunk Boyke , Diez Maria Suarez , Wagner-Döbler Irene 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Bacterial aerobic anoxygenic photosynthesis (AAP) is an important mechanism of energy generation in aquatic habitats, accounting for up to 5% of the surface ocean's photosynthetic electron transport. We used Dinoroseobacter shibae, a representative of the globally abundant marine Roseobacter clade, as a model organism to study the transcriptional response of a photoheterotrophic bacterium to changing light regimes. Continuous cultivation of D. shibae in a chemostat in combination with time series microarray analysis was used in order to identify gene-regulatory patterns after switching from dark to light and vice versa. The change from heterotrophic growth in the dark to photoheterotrophic growth in the light was accompanied by a strong but transient activation of a broad stress response to the formation of singlet oxygen, an immediate downregulation of photosynthesis-related genes, fine-tuning of the expression of ETC components, as well as upregulation of the transcriptional and translational apparatus. Furthermore, our data suggest that D. shibae might use the 3-hydroxypropionate cycle for CO2 fixation. Analysis of the transcriptome dynamics after switching from light to dark showed relatively small changes and a delayed activation of photosynthesis gene expression, indicating that, except for light other signals must be involved in their regulation. Providing the first analysis of AAP on the level of transcriptome dynamics, our data allow the formulation of testable hypotheses on the cellular processes affected by AAP and the mechanisms involved in light- and stress-related gene regulation.
Spontaneous metastasis in mouse models of testicular germ‐cell tumours
Authors: Zechel J. L. , MacLennan G. T. , Heaney J. D. , Nadeau J. H. 
Published: June 2011

SummaryTesticular germ‐cell tumours (TGCTs) are the most common cancer in young men; the incidence is increasing worldwide and they have an unusually high rate of metastasis. Despite significant work on TGCTs and their metastases in humans, absence of a mouse model of spontaneous metastasis has greatly limited our understanding of the mechanisms by which metastatic potential is acquired and on their modes of dissemination. We report a new model of spontaneous TGCT metastasis in the 129 family of mice and provide evidence that these are true metastases derived directly from primary testicular cancers rather than independently from ectopic stem cells. These putative metastases (pMETs) occur at similar frequencies among TGCT‐affected males in six genetically distinct TGCT‐susceptible strains and were largely found in anatomical sites that are consistent with patterns of TGCT metastasis in humans. Various lines of evidence support their pluripotency and germ‐cell origin, including presence of multiple endodermal, mesodermal and ectodermal derivatives as well as cells showing OCT4 and SSEA‐1 pluripotency markers. In addition, pMETs were never found in males that did not have a TGCT, suggesting that metastases are derived from primary tumours. Finally, pMETS and primary TGCTs shared several DNA copy number variants suggesting a common cellular and developmental origin. Together, these results provide the first evidence for spontaneous TGCT metastasis in mice and show that these metastases originate from primary TGCTs rather than independently from ectopic stem cells.
Neuropad: evaluation of three cut‐off points of sudomotor dysfunction for early detection of polyneuropathy in recently diagnosed diabetes
Authors: Ziegler D. , Papanas N. , Roden M. ,   for the GDC Study Group
Published: June 2011

Diabet. Med. 28, 1412–1415 (2011)AbstractAims  To examine the sensitivity and specificity of three cut‐off points of Neuropad for the diagnosis of distal symmetric polyneuropathy and small‐fibre dysfunction in patients within the first year after diagnosis of diabetes.Methods  Neuropad results were read at 10, 15 and 20 min and evaluated for diagnostic utility in distal symmetric polyneuropathy confirmed by electrophysiology and small‐fibre dysfunction in 52 patients with Type 1 diabetes and 99 patients with Type 2 diabetes.Results  The prevalence of distal symmetric polyneuropathy was 15.4% in Type 1 diabetes and 43.4% in Type 2 diabetes, while that of small‐fibre dysfunction was 9.6 and 31.3%, respectively. Sensitivity of Neuropad for the diagnosis of distal symmetric polyneuropathy and small‐fibre dysfunction was highest in Type 1 diabetes for the 10‐min threshold reaching 87.5 and 80.0%, respectively, while it was modestly high in Type 2 diabetes at 65.1 and 67.7%, respectively. Specificity in both diabetes types was modest for the 10‐min threshold (44.7–48.2%). It was highest for the 20‐min threshold (83.8–89.3%) at the cost of poor sensitivity at 12.5–34.9%. Negative predictive values were relatively high for all three cut‐off points in both types of diabetes (64.1–97.1%) at the cost of poor positive predictive values at 12.5–71.4%.Conclusions  In patients within the first year after diagnosis of diabetes, the 10‐min cut‐off for Neuropad provides a relatively high sensitivity and modest specificity for distal symmetric polyneuropathy and small‐fibre dysfunction, rendering the test more suitable as a screening tool than the 15‐ and 20‐min cut‐offs.
Can We Be Self‐Deceived about What We Believe? Self‐Knowledge, Self‐Deception, and Rational Agency
Authors: Doucet Mathieu 
Published: June 2011

Abstract: This paper considers the question of whether it is possible to be mistaken about the content of our first‐order intentional states. For proponents of the rational agency model of self‐knowledge, such failures might seem very difficult to explain. On this model, the authority of self‐knowledge is not based on inference from evidence, but rather originates in our capacity, as rational agents, to shape our beliefs and other intentional states. To believe that one believes that p, on this view, constitutes one's belief that p and so self‐knowledge involves a constitutive relation between first‐ and second‐order beliefs. If this is true, it is hard to see how those second‐order beliefs could ever be false.I develop two counter‐examples which show that despite the constitutive relation between first‐ and second‐order beliefs in standard cases of self‐knowledge, it is possible to be mistaken, and even self‐deceived, about the content of one's own beliefs. These counter‐examples do not show that the rational agency model is mistaken—rather, they show that the possibility of estrangement from one's own mental life means that, even within the rational agency model, it is possible to have false second‐order beliefs about the content of one's first‐order beliefs. The authority of self‐knowledge does not entail that to believe that one believes that p suffices to make it the case that one believes that p.