bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Resonances in ECR‐Heated Plasmas of the TJ‐II Heliac
Authors: López‐Bruna D. , Romero J. A. , López‐Fraguas A. , Reynolds J. M. , Blanco E. , Estrada T. , Ochando M. A. , Jiménez‐Gómez R. , Bondarenko O. , Tafalla D. , Herranz J. , Ascasíbar E. , Vargas V. I. , TJ‐II Team  
Published: July 2010

AbstractLow order rational values of the rotational transform –magnetic resonances, for brevity– can be present inside ECR–heated plasmas of the TJ‐II Heliac, in low magnetic shear conditions, without causing damage to confinement. Moreover, in agreement with previous experience in the TJ‐II, the resonances seem to benefit confinement and are associated to changes in the radial electric field, at least in the density gradient region. These results encourage considering magnetic resonances as possible external actuators on confinement in stellarator/heliotron devices (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Level of Non‐Thermal Velocity Fluctuations Deduced From Doppler Spectroscopy and their Role on TJ‐II Confinement
Authors: Zurro B. , Baciero A. , Liniers M. , Cappa A. , TJ‐II Team  
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe goal of this investigation is to study the level of velocity fluctuations in different scenarios of the TJ‐II stellarator. The method consists in measuring the apparent Doppler temperature of C4+ and protons with high spectral resolution techniques with spatial resolution. The level of turbulent velocities has been deduced from the difference observed between the apparent temperature of both species, following a method previously presented. The study of this difference, as a function of plasma density and injected power, provides a way to explore if this turbulence plays any role in the confinement of the hot TJ‐II plasma (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Production and Electron Heating of Over‐Dense Plasmas by 2.45 GHz Electron Bernstein Waves on CHS
Authors: Ikeda R. , Igami H. , Toi K. , Kubo S. , Takeuchi M. , Suzuki C. , Shoji T. , Shimozuma T. , Yoshimura Y. , Takahashi H. , Mutoh T. , CHS Experimental Group  
Published: July 2010

AbstractProduction and heating of over‐dense plasmas by 2.45 GHz microwave system under very low field condition was performed and demonstrated on CHS. In this experiment, microwave systems were arranged to aim at taking place mode conversion of launched electron cyclotron wave effectively into electron Bernstein wave (EBW). The power deposition profiles in produced over‐dense plasmas were measured directly by using power modulation technique at various magnetic configurations. The power deposition took place dominantly in overdense region. To clarify wave trajectories, power absorption mechanism and mode conversion, a numerical analysis by a ray‐tracing method was performed. Calculated ray‐trajectories accessed to the region where the experimentally obtained deposition profile has a peak (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ion Internal Transport Barrier in the Large Helical Device
Authors: Ida K. , Yoshinuma M. , Nagaoka K. , Osakabe M. , Morita S. , Goto M. , Funaba H. , Yokoyama M. , Ikeda K. , Nakano H. , Tsumori K. , Takeiri Y. , Kaneko O. , Sakamoto Y. , LHD Experiment Group  
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe internal transport barrier (ITB) appears in ion root plasmas with NBI heating, when the Te/Ti ratio is held below unity in LHD. The improvement of transport is observed only in the ion heat transport, not in the electron heat transport nor in the particle transport. During the formation of ion ITB, the region of low ion thermal diffusivity expands toward the plasma center and results in a wide weak ITB, which is in contrast to the narrow strong ITB typically observed in tokamaks (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Experimental Study of the Effect of Poloidal Flow on Stability of Magnetic Islands in LHD and TJ‐II
Authors: Narushima Y. , Castejón F. , Watanabe K. Y. , Sakakibara S. , Estrada T. , Medina F. , López‐Bruna D. , Yokoyama M. , Ida K. , LHD Experiment Group  
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe effect of the poloidal flow on the magnetic island is studied. The self‐healing of the magnetic island has been observed in the Large Helical Device (LHD) and TJ‐II. In TJ‐II plasmas, the magnetic island is healed in case the radial electric field is positive. In the LHD experiment, on the other hand, the radial electric field is negative when the magnetic island is healed. The relation between the magnitudes of theE×Bflow and ion diamagnetic flow is important to consider the effect of the poloidal flow on magnetic island (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optimization Study of ICRF Heating in the LHD and HSX Configurations
Authors: Murakami S. , Yamamoto T. , Fukuyama A. , Talmadge J. N. , Likin K. M. , Radder J. W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTwo global simulation codes, TASK/WM (a full wave solver) and GNET (a 5‐D drift kinetic equation solver), are combined to simulate the ICRF heating in the 3D magnetic configuration. The combined code is applied to the ICRF minority heating in the LHD configuration. An optimization of the ICRF heating is considered in changing the magnetic configurations and the resonance surfaces in the LHD plasmas using GNET code. It is found that the heating efficiency is improved about 30% with the heating power of 10MW in the optimized heating scenario from that of the present standard off‐axis heating scenario. Also the ICRF minority heating is studied in the HSX plasma and it is found that the ICRF heating of about 100kW is still effective to heat the plasma even ϱ /a ∼ 1/7.5 for tail ions (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The TGFβ type II receptor plays a critical role in the endothelial cells during cardiac development
Authors: Robson Andrew , Allinson Kathleen R. , Anderson Robert H. , Henderson Deborah J. , Arthur Helen M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTGFβ signalling is required for normal cardiac development. To investigate which cell types are involved, we used mice carrying a floxed Type II TGFβ receptor (Tgfbr2fl) allele and Cre‐lox genetics to deplete this receptor in different regions of the heart. The three target tissues and corresponding Cre transgenic lines were atrioventricular myocardium (using cGata6‐Cre), ventricular myocardium (using Mlc2v‐Cre), and vascular endothelium (using tamoxifen‐activated Cdh5(PAC)‐CreERT2). Spatio‐temporal Cre activity in each case was tracked via lacZ activation from the Rosa26R locus. Atrioventricular‐myocardial‐specific Tgfbr2 knockout (KO) embryos had short septal leaflets of the tricuspid valve, whereas ventricular myocardial‐specific KO embryos mainly exhibited a normal cardiac phenotype. Inactivation of Tgfbr2 in endothelial cells from E11.5 resulted in deficient ventricular septation, accompanied by haemorrhage from cerebral blood vessels. We conclude that TGFβ signalling through the Tgfbr2 receptor, in endothelial cells, plays an important role in cardiac development, and is essential for cerebral vascular integrity. Developmental Dynamics 239:2435–2442, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New Electroactive Hybridization Indicators 2‐Phthalimido‐N‐Substitutedphenylethanesulfonamide Derivatives for Biosensor Applications: Ring Substituent Effect on Interaction between Compound and DNA
Authors: Ozkan‐Ariksoysal Dilsat , Akgul Ozlem , Aydinlik Seyma , Topkaya Seda Nur , Aladag Nilay , Ozsoz Mehmet 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this work, an electrochemical DNA‐based sensor was developed for the detection of the interaction between the anticonvulsant compounds 2‐phthalimido‐N‐substituted phenylethanesulfonamides (PMPES‐derivatives) and 24‐mer short DNA sequences by using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) based on both compound and guanine oxidation signals at the renewable carbon graphite electrode (CGE) surface. The influence of compounds on DNA showed differences depending on the nature and position of the substituent on the N‐phenyl ring. Compounds bearing 3‐methoxy, 4‐chloro and 2,6‐dimethyl substituents bind to single stranded probe DNA more strongly than the other derivatives of PMPES. Thus, these compounds were evaluated for use as an electrochemical hybridization label (indicator).
Multilayer Film Fabrication Using Flow Injection Coupled with Electrochemical Deposition
Authors: Briggle Justin , Nolidin Paul D. , Golden Teresa D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA simple method is proposed for the electrodeposition of multilayers using a modified closed flow injection system. The apparatus incorporates flowing streams of electrolyte through a closed atmosphere flow cell for deposition of multilayers. Computer and software control is used to alternate the flow of electrolyte and control the alternating current or potential of the electrochemical cell. Electrodeposition of metallic multilayers of nickel/iron, iron/copper, cobalt/copper, and nickel/copper were used to test the instrument design. X‐ray diffraction was used to verify the composition and orientation of the films and scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the morphology of the deposited films. Advantages are discussed for using this type of instrumental setup for multilayer fabrication.
Electrochemical Immunosensing Chip Using Selective Surface Modification, Capillary‐Driven Microfluidic Control, and Signal Amplification by Redox Cycling
Authors: Kim Byung‐Kwon , Yang Sang‐Youn , Aziz Md. Abdul , Jo Kyungmin , Sung Daekyung , Jon Sangyong , Woo Han Young , Yang Haesik 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA sensitive electrochemical immunosensing chip is presented by employing (i) selective modification of protein‐resistant surfaces; (ii) fabrication of a stable Ag/AgCl reference electrode; (iii) capillary‐driven microfluidic control; (iv) signal amplification by redox cycling along with enzymatic reaction. Purely capillary‐driven microfluidic control is combined with electrochemical sandwich‐type immunosensing procedure. Selective modification of the surfaces is achieved by chemical reactivity‐controlled patterning and electrochemical deposition. Fluidic control of the immunosensing chip is achieved by spontaneous capillary‐driven flows and passive washing. The detection limit for mouse IgG in the immunosensing chip is 10 pg/mL.
A Comparative Study of Electrochemical Reduction of 4‐Nitrophenyl Covalently Grafted on Gold and Carbon
Authors: Gui Alicia L. , Liu Guozhen , Chockalingam Muthukumar , Le Saux Guillaume , Luais Erwann , Harper Jason B. , Gooding J. Justin 
Published: July 2010

Abstract4‐Nitrophenyl layers were grafted on gold and glassy carbon surfaces by electrochemical reductive adsorption of the corresponding diazonium salt. Electrochemical conversion efficiencies of 4‐nitrophenyl moieties to 4‐aminophenyl moieties on gold versus on glassy carbon in a protic medium were investigated using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In total contrast to all previous comparative studies showing greater electrochemical reactivity of aryl diazonium salt‐derived layers on gold than on glassy carbon, a much lower rate of conversion to 4‐aminophenyl was observed on gold than on glassy carbon by both cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA) methods. The lower electron transfer rate during conversion observed on gold versus glassy carbon was proposed to be due to a mechanism related to the molecular structure rearrangement of 4‐nitrophenyl during the process on glassy carbon. However, whilst complete conversion of 4‐nitrophenyl to 4‐aminophenyl on gold by chronoamperometry was achieved, on glassy carbon complete reduction could not be achieved under the same conditions.
Novel Ionophores for Barium‐Selective Electrodes: Synthesis and Analytical Characterization
Authors: Peshkova Maria A. , Timofeeva Natalia V. , Grekovich Alexander L. , Korneev Sergei M. , Mikhelson Konstantin N. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA novel way of synthesis is developed for the Ba2+ selective neutral Ionophore 2a: 2,2′‐[1,2‐phenylenebis(oxyethane‐2,1‐diyloxy)]bis(N‐benzyl‐N‐phenylacetamide) and its methyl (2b), buthyl (2c), and hexyl (2d) derivatives. Ba2+ selective electrodes based on Ionophores 2a–d are compared with those with commonly used Ionophore 1: N,N,N′,N′‐tetracyclohexyl‐oxybis(o‐phenyleneoxy) diacetamide. It is shown that Ionophores 2a–d, particularly 2b, are superior for measurements of Ba2+ in the presence of Ca2+, and in acidic solutions. Segmented sandwich membrane studies suggest formation of complexes IL22+ for Ba2+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions with Ionophore 2b, while H+ ions apparently form complexes H2L2+. The values of the complex formation constants are consistent with the selectivity coefficients.
Rapid Prototyped Optically Transparent Thin‐Layer Electrode Holder for Spectroelectrochemistry in Bench‐Top Spectrophotometers
Authors: Wilson Robert A. , Pinyayev Tatyana S. , Membreno Nellymar , Heineman William R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA new optically transparent thin layer electrode (OTTLE) cell and holder have been designed to facilitate spectroelectrochemical measurements in standard bench‐top absorbance and fluorescence spectrophotometers. The use of rapid prototyping for the OTTLE cell holder combined with the selection of inexpensive OTE materials results in a practical, low‐cost spectroelectrochemical cell. The cell was characterized by thin‐layer cyclic voltammetry and coulometry of ferricyanide/ferrocyanide. Spectroelectrochemistry of tris‐(2,2′‐bipyridine) ruthenium(II) chloride (Ru(bpy)3Cl2) and 1‐hydroxypyrene (1‐pyOH) was done with commercially available bench‐top absorbance and fluorescence spectrophotometers. The good correlation between the results obtained and the known properties of each compound demonstrate that the OTTLE cell and holder provide an effective means for making spectroelectrochemical measurements in bench‐top absorbance and fluorescence spectrophotometers.
Determination of haloacetic acids in water using solid‐phase extraction/microchip capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection
Authors: Ding Yongsheng , Rogers Kim 
Published: July 2010

AbstractHaloacetic acids (HAAs) were determined by a fast and simple analysis method based on microchip electrophoresis and capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C4D). Two chlorinated acetic acids, dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) and TCA were detected in swimming pool water. Different BGEs were tested, and sodium carbonate was selected as BGE for the separation and detection in the reported experiments. Additionally, pH values and concentrations of carbonate buffer were optimized. The response times for the two analytes were less than 3 min; the lowest detected concentrations for TCA and DCAA after extraction and cleanup were 38 and 62 μg/L and the RSDs for the migration times were 1.9 and 2.2%. TCA and DCAA were identified swimming pool water samples at concentrations ranging from 391 to 1058 μg/L. In combination with a SPE‐based concentration and cleanup procedure, this miniaturized system shows the potential for development as an on‐site monitoring method for chlorinated acetic acids found in swimming pool water or other suspected water systems.
Substrate interactions between toluene and methyltert‐butyl ether (MTBE) during microbial degradation by Pseudomonas putida
Authors: Lee S.G. , Kim D.J. , Choi J.W. , Lee S.H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPseudomonas putida is well known as a toluene‐degrading bacterium. Because methyl tert‐butyl ether (MTBE) often coexists with toluene in subsurface environment, in this study we investigated substrate interactions between toluene and MTBE, and their degradation potential in mixtures by Pseudomonas putida. Batch microcosm studies were conducted for a wide concentration range (25–200 mg L−1) to monitor bacterial growth associated with toluene and/or MTBE degradation using Pseudomonas putida previously adapted to toluene. We found that the effect of MTBE on toluene degradation was strongly concentration‐dependent, and that concentrations of either toluene or MTBE as low as 25 mg L−1 can enhance degradation of other compound, but those concentrations higher than 25 mg L−1 tend to result in negative or no effect. The negative effect was more pronounced for toluene since MTBE degradation was inhibited at a concentration of 50 mg L−1 or higher toluene. This indicates that concentrations of cocontaminants become a limiting factor for bioremediation of groundwater. Therefore, for higher degradation efficiency, care should be taken in the selection of concentration ranges of toluene and MTBE. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2011.
Correlation between fluctuation and dissipation in the case of the adsorption of acetone and ethanol by the activated carbon
Authors: Mhiri F. , Jemni A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe previous studies have shown that the gas adsorption process in a microporous solid is due to three phenomena: the direct adsorption (transportation phenomenon), the diffusion, and the fluctuations of the energy and the adsorbed matter quantity. These studies assume that the links between the different fluctuations are constant. In this article, we propose a new model of theses links based on the probabilistic‐statistical properties of correlations and on the micropore filling theory. Currently, there is no result leading to the establishment of the general form of the correlation which is based essentially on the existing general theory of the actual statistical probability, the experiment and the scientific logic. A good agreement between the theoretical results and the measurements is obtained, which confirms the efficiency of the proposed model. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2011.
Temperature effects on functionalized filter media for nutrient removal in stormwater treatment
Authors: Chang Ni‐Bin , Wanielista Martin P. , Henderson Devan 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAttempts to achieve better removal efficiencies of nutrients in stormwater treatment by using aggregates (e.g., mixes of tire crumbs, sawdust, sand, clay, zeolite, sulfur, or limestone) in filter media, has been a common practice in green infrastructures. These material mixes mainly promote the adsorption/absorption and precipitation of orthophosphate in the physicochemical process step and the transformation of ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate via oxidation and reduction reactions in the microbiological stage. Some processes, however, are known to be active only in a limited temperature range and variations in filtration kinetics of the sorption media are still unknown. This article aims to explore the filtration kinetics of selected filter media mixes for nutrient removal at various temperatures. With the basic understanding gained in material characterization, a laboratory column study was conducted to simulate the conditions in saturated media. A kinetics study of this kind allowed a comparison of a natural soil with soil augmentations in terms of nutrient removal within a range of the initial concentrations and temperatures. The temperatures (28, 23, and 10°C) were selected to reflect the normal temperature variations in subtropical regions. Significant differences of nutrient removal efficiencies associated with these temperatures were statistically confirmed by ANOVA analyses. The temperature correction factor model was finally applied to address the impact on treatment processes due to the seasonal temperature variations. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2011.
A higher detection rate for colorectal cancer and advanced adenomatous polyp for screening with immunochemical fecal occult blood test than guaiac fecal occult blood test, despite lower compliance rate. A prospective, controlled, feasibility study
Authors: Levi Zohar , Birkenfeld Shlomo , Vilkin Alex , Bar‐Chana Micha , Lifshitz Irena , Chared Miri , Maoz Eran , Niv Yaron 
Published: July 2010

AbstractImmunochemical fecal occult blood test (FIT) is a new colorectal cancer (CRC) screening method already recommended by the American screening guidelines. We aimed to test the feasibility of FIT as compared to guaiac fecal occult blood test (G‐FOBT) in a large urban population of Tel Aviv. Average‐risk persons, aged 50–75 years, were offered FIT or G‐FOBT after randomization according to the socioeconomic status of their clinics. Participants with positive tests underwent colonoscopy. Participants were followed through the Cancer Registry 2 years after the study. Hemoccult SENSA™ and OC‐MICRO™ (three samples, 70 ng/ml threshold) were used. FIT was offered to 4,657 persons (Group A) and G‐FOBT to 7,880 persons (Group B). Participation rate was 25.9% and 28.8% in Group A and B, respectively (p < 0.001). Positivity rate in Group A and B was 12.7% and 3.9%, respectively (p < 0.001). Cancer found in six (0.49%) and eight (0.35%) patients of Group A and B, respectively (NS). Cancer registry follow‐up found missed cancer in five (0.22%) cases of Group B and none in Group A (NS). The sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive value for cancer in Group A and B were 100%, 85.9%, 100%, 3.9% and 61.5%, 96.4%, 99.8%, 9.1%, respectively. There was increased detection of advanced adenomatous polyp (AAP) by FIT, irrespective of age, gender, and socioeconomic status (Per Protocol: odds ratio 2.69, 95% confidence interval 1.6–4.5; Intention to Screen: odds ratio 3.16, 95% confidence interval 1.8–5.4). FIT is feasible in urban, average‐risk population, which significantly improved performance for detection of AAP and CRC, despite reduced participation.
Gene expression patterns in bone following mechanical loading
Authors: Mantila Roosa Sara M , Liu Yunlong , Turner Charles H 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The advent of high-throughput measurements of gene expression and bioinformatics analysis methods offers new ways to study gene expression patterns. The primary goal of this study was to determine the time sequence for gene expression in a bone subjected to mechanical loading during key periods of the bone-formation process, including expression of matrix-related genes, the appearance of active osteoblasts, and bone desensitization. A standard model for bone loading was employed in which the right forelimb was loaded axially for 3 minutes per day, whereas the left forearm served as a nonloaded contralateral control. We evaluated loading-induced gene expression over a time course of 4 hours to 32 days after the first loading session. Six distinct time-dependent patterns of gene expression were identified over the time course and were categorized into three primary clusters: genes upregulated early in the time course, genes upregulated during matrix formation, and genes downregulated during matrix formation. Genes then were grouped based on function and/or signaling pathways. Many gene groups known to be important in loading-induced bone formation were identified within the clusters, including AP-1-related genes in the early-response cluster, matrix-related genes in the upregulated gene clusters, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway inhibitors in the downregulated gene clusters. Several novel gene groups were identified as well, including chemokine-related genes, which were upregulated early but downregulated later in the time course; solute carrier genes, which were both upregulated and downregulated; and muscle-related genes, which were primarily downregulated. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.