bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does the EU Need a Navel? Implicit and Explicit Identification with the European Union*
Authors: CRAM LAURA 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAnalysts should expect neither too much from European Union identity and its causal role in driving the integration process, nor too little, by underestimating the stabilizing force of implicit identification with the EU. Daily transactions in an EU institutional context embed an acceptance of the EU as a legitimate political authority and underpin passive consent to the continued functioning of the EU. The emergence of explicit EU identification is contingent upon the value (real and symbolic) attached to transactions, the extent to which valued goods are perceived to be under threat and whether competing political authorities are viewed as legitimate.
Rainfall is not a genus‐wide predictor of mean body mass in baboon populations
Authors: Jolly C. J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA body mass/rainfall relationship in baboons,Papio, is often treated as a well‐established socioecological principle. This paper tests its reality in 29 populations representing five of six recognized phylogenetic baboon species. Contrary to previous findings from fewer cases, mean adult body mass was not significantly related to mean annual rainfall (MAR) across the whole genus in either gender. A positive mass/rainfall relationship is seen in chacma baboons,Papio ursinus, and anubis or olive baboons,Papio anubis, but only if the two species are considered separately. An explanatory hypothesis in terms of year‐to‐year predictability of food resources (rather than absolute productivity and its surrogate,MAR) is advanced for further testing. Unlike variables such as group size and time budgets, interpopulational body mass differences are likely to be largely ‘evolutionary’ rather than ‘phenotypic’. As such, they may reflect population history and adaptation to ancient ecosystems as much as to extant environments. This being so, plausible explanations of the interpopulational distribution of mean body mass and other similar variables are more likely to be found if analysis incorporates biogeographic and phylogenetic histories, and taxonomic subdivisions.
Oral nifedipine versus intravenous labetalol for acute blood pressure control in hypertensive emergencies of pregnancy: a randomised trial
Authors: Raheem IA , Saaid R , Omar SZ , Tan PC 
Published: October 2011

Please cite this paper as: Raheem I, Saaid R, Omar S, Tan P. Oral nifedipine versus intravenous labetalol for acute blood pressure control in hypertensive emergencies of pregnancy: a randomised trial. BJOG 2012;119:78–85.Objective  To compare oral nifedipine with intravenous labetalol in their rapidity to control hypertensive emergencies of pregnancy.Design  A double‐blind randomised trial.Setting  A university hospital in Malaysia.Population  Pregnant women with severe gestational hypertension ≥160/110 mmHg who required immediate treatment.Methods  Patients were randomised to receive nifedipine (10 mg tablet, orally, up to five doses) and intravenous placebo saline injection or intravenous labetalol injection (in an escalating dose regimen of 20, 40, 80, 80 and 80 mg) and a placebo tablet every 15 minutes until the target blood pressure of ≤150/100 mmHg was achieved. Crossover treatment was effected if the initial treatment regimen was unsuccessful.Main outcome measure  The time taken to achieve a blood pressure of ≤150/100 mmHg.Results  The median time taken to achieve target blood pressure was 30 minutes (interquartile range, IQR 22.5–67.5 minutes) versus 45 minutes (IQR 30–60 minutes) for nifedipine and labetalol, respectively (P = 0.59). Repeated measures analysis of variance indicated that in the first hour both systolic (F = 87.6, P < 0.001) and diastolic (F = 55.8, P < 0.001) blood pressure significantly decreased, but there was no difference between the nifedipine and labetalol groups for both systolic (F = 0.12, P = 0.74) and diastolic (F = 0.92, P = 0.34) blood pressure trends over time. Crossover treatment was required in 20% of women from each group.Conclusions  Oral nifedipine and intravenous labetalol regimens are similarly effective in the acute control of severe hypertension in pregnancy.
Regeneration of dopaminergic neurons after 6‐hydroxydopamine‐induced lesion in planarian brain
Authors: Nishimura Kaneyasu , Inoue Takeshi , Yoshimoto Kanji , Taniguchi Takashi , Kitamura Yoshihisa , Agata Kiyokazu 
Published: October 2011

J. Neurochem. (2011) 10.1111/j.1471‐4159.2011.07518.xAbstractPlanarians have robust regenerative ability dependent on X‐ray‐sensitive pluripotent stem cells, called neoblasts. Here, we report that planarians can regenerate dopaminergic neurons after selective degeneration of these neurons caused by treatment with a dopaminergic neurotoxin (6‐hydroxydopamine; 6‐OHDA). This suggests that planarians have a system to sense the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and to recruit stem cells to produce dopaminergic neurons to recover brain morphology and function. We confirmed that X‐ray‐irradiated planarians do not regenerate brain dopaminergic neurons after 6‐OHDA‐induced lesioning, suggesting that newly generated dopaminergic neurons are indeed derived from pluripotent stem cells. However, we found that the majority of regenerated dopaminergic neurons were 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine‐negative cells. Therefore, we carefully analyzed when proliferating stem cells became committed to become dopaminergic neurons during regeneration by a combination of 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine pulse‐chase experiments, immunostaining/in situ hybridization, and 5‐fluorouracil treatment. The results strongly suggested that G2‐phase stem cells become committed to dopaminergic neurons in the mesenchymal space around the brain, after migration from the trunk region following S‐phase. These new findings obtained from planarian regeneration provide hints about how to conduct cell‐transplantation therapy for future regenerative medicine.
Ethanol increases p190RhoGAP activity, leading to actin cytoskeleton rearrangements
Authors: Selva Javier , Egea Gustavo 
Published: October 2011

J. Neurochem. (2011) 10.1111/j.1471‐4159.2011.07522.xAbstractWe previously reported that cells chronically exposed to ethanol show alterations in actin cytoskeleton organization and dynamics in primary cultures of newborn rat astrocytes, a well‐established in vitro model for foetal alcohol spectrum disorders. These alterations were attributed to a decrease in the cellular levels of active RhoA (RhoA‐GTP), which in turn was produced by an increase in the total RhoGAP activity. We here provide evidence that p190RhoGAPs are the main factors responsible for such increase. Thus, in astrocytes chronically exposed to ethanol we observe: (i) an increase in p190A‐ and p190B‐associated RhoGAP activity; (ii) a higher binding of p190A and p190B to RhoA‐GTP; (iii) a higher p120RasGAP‐p190A RhoGAP complex formation; and (iv) the recruitment of both p190RhoGAPs to the plasma membrane. The simultaneous silencing of both p190 isoforms prevents the actin rearrangements and the total RhoGAP activity increase triggered both by ethanol. Therefore, our data directly points p190RhoGAPs as ethanol‐exposure molecular targets on glial cells of the CNS.
In vitro evaluation of the efficacy of a veterinary dry heat fluid warmer
Authors: Chiang Vivian , Hopper Kate , Mellema Matthew S. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy of a veterinary dry heat fluid warmer on ambient and prewarmed crystalloid fluids and refrigerated packed red blood cells (pRBC).DesignProspective in vitro study.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsNone.InterventionsAmbient and prewarmed crystalloid fluids and refrigerated pRBC were delivered via a standard fluid administration set at various rates. A thermistor continuously monitored fluid outflow temperature with and without a dry heat veterinary fluid warmer (study device).ResultsThe outflow temperature was significantly higher with the study device as compared to control conditions for all fluids and rates tested. The maximum outflow temperature of approximately 35°C (95°F) occurred when the study device was applied to either ambient or prewarmed crystalloid fluids at 50 mL/h. In the study device trials, the outflow temperature of ambient crystalloid fluids ranged from 35.1° to 27.3°C (95.2° to 81.1°F) as the fluid rate increased from 50 to 999 mL/h. Control trials of prewarmed crystalloids produced outflow temperatures that rapidly approached ambient temperature. Addition of the study device to prewarmed crystalloids resulted in outflow temperatures that were similar to that of the corresponding ambient crystalloid trials. Control trials of refrigerated pRBC achieved ambient temperature at rates from 10 to 500 mL/h. With the study device, pRBC were maximally warmed to an outflow temperature of 35.8°C (96.4°F) at 100 mL/h.ConclusionAlthough the study device generated statistically significant increases in outflow temperature of crystalloid fluids and pRBC, the ability of the device to decrease the metabolic cost of fluid administration is limited to specific clinical scenarios. The use of prewarmed crystalloid fluids with or without the study device offers minimal benefit over ambient temperature crystalloids. Substantial warming of pRBC occurs during administration, even without use of the study device.
Blood transfusion utilization and recipient survival at Hospital das Clinicas in São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Goncalez Thelma T. , Sabino Ester C. , Capuani Ligia , Liu Jing , Wright David J. , Walsh Judy H. , Ferreira Joao E. , Chamone Dalton A. , Busch Michael P. , Custer Brian ,   for the NHLBI Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study‐II (REDS‐II) and International Component
Published: October 2011

BACKGROUND: The characteristics of blood recipients including diagnoses associated with transfusion and posttransfusion survival are unreported in Brazil. The goals of this analysis were: 1) to describe blood utilization according to clinical diagnoses and patient characteristics and 2) to determine the factors associated with survival of blood recipients.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A retrospective cross‐sectional analysis was conducted on all inpatients in 2004. Data came from three sources: The first two files consist of data about patient characteristics, clinical diagnosis, and transfusion. Analyses comparing transfused and nontransfused patients were conducted. The third file was used to determine survival recipients up to 3 years after transfusion. Logistic regression was conducted among transfused patients to examine characteristics associated with survival.RESULTS: In 2004, a total of 30,779 patients were admitted, with 3835 (12.4%) transfused. These patients had 10,479 transfusions episodes, consisting of 39,561 transfused components: 16,748 (42%) red blood cells, 15,828 (40%) platelets (PLTs), and 6190 (16%) plasma. The median number of components transfused was three (range, 1‐656) per patient admission. Mortality during hospitalization was different for patients whose admissions included transfusion or not (24% vs. 4%). After 1 year, 56% of transfusion recipients were alive. The multivariable model of factors associated with mortality after transfusion showed that the most significant factors in descending order were hospital ward, increasing age, increasing number of components transfused, and type of components received.CONCLUSION: Ward and transfusion are markers of underlying medical conditions and are associated with the probability of survival. PLT transfusions are common and likely reflect the types of patients treated. This comprehensive blood utilization study, the first of its kind in Brazil, can help in developing transfusion policy analyses in South America.
Bivalirudin Used as Alternative Anticoagulant in Carotid Artery Stenting: A Single Center Observational Study
Authors: GEISBÜSCH PHILIPP , KATZEN BARRY T. , PEÑA CONSTANTINO , BENENATI JAMES F. , UTHOFF HEIKO 
Published: October 2011

Purpose:
To analyze and report the safety and effectiveness of bivalirudin in a large patient population undergoing carotid artery stenting (CAS).
Methods:
Between January 2001 and November 2010 extracranial CAS was performed in 272 patients in our institution. These patients were stratified according to the anticoagulant used during the CAS procedure into 2 groups (bivalirudin n = 217 vs. unfractionated heparin [UFH] n = 55) and analyzed regarding bleeding complications and periprocedural (within 30 days) stroke and myocardial infarction (MI) rates.
Results:
The combined end‐point of death, stroke, and MI occurred in 12 patients (4.4%) with no significant difference between the groups (bivalirudin 4.6% vs. UFH 3.6% P value 0.96). Stroke rates were 1.8% in the bivalirudin and 1.8% in the UFH group (P value 1.00), with 4/5 strokes being nondisabling. Periprocedural MI was observed in 7 patients (2.1%) with no significant differences between the groups (bivalirudin 2.7% vs. UFH 1.8%, P value 0.94). Bleeding complications occurred in 13/272 patients (4.7%) with no significant difference between the groups (bivalirudin 3.6% vs. UFH 9.0%, P value 0.15). The first activated clotting time after administration of the anticoagulants was therapeutic in 209/217 (96%) in the bivalirudin group and in 30/55 (55%) in the UFH group (P < 0.001).
Conclusions:
In this single‐center study, bivalirudin was a safe and efficient anticoagulation strategy for CAS and could be considered a therapeutic alternative to UFH. (J Interven Cardiol 2012;25:197–202)
Spotlight Issue: Microcirculation—From a Clinical Perspective
Authors: CLOUGH GERALDINE , CRACOWSKI JEAN‐LUC 
Published: October 2011

Please cite this paper as: Clough and Cracowski (2012). Spotlight Issue: Microcirculation––From a Clinical Perspective. Microcirculation 19(1), 1–4AbstractThis spotlight issue of Microcirculation contains five articles written from a clinical perspective on the role of microcirculatory abnormalities in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. The reviews address issues such as the impact of modifiable (lifestyle and environmental risk factors) and non modifiable (age) on microvascular form and function; inter‐ and intra‐cell signaling pathways underlying microvascular dysfunction; microvascular assessment as a prognostic tool in clinical practice; and the potential impact of targeted therapeutic intervention on microvascular health. The articles also describe and evaluate methodological approaches to the assessment of microvascular function in organs such as the skin, retina, muscle and adipose tissue, and provide a perspective on how such approaches might be employed in future in disease risk stratification in large epidemiological studies. This timely edition of the journal Microcirculation highlights that while there is currently no identified unifying mechanism to explain the association between microvascular phenotype and susceptibility to disease, there is accumulating evidence that deficits in microvascular structure and function may be an early and important prodromal indicator and risk determinant in a wide range of chronic non‐communicable disorders, including cardiovascular and metabolic disease.
Sustained Decrease and Remarkable Increase in Red Blood Cell Velocity in Intraparenchymal Capillaries Associated With Potassium‐Induced Cortical Spreading Depression
Authors: UNEKAWA MIYUKI , TOMITA MINORU , TOMITA YUTAKA , TORIUMI HARUKI , SUZUKI NORIHIRO 
Published: October 2011

Please cite this paper as: Unekawa M, Tomita M, Tomita Y, Toriumi H and Suzuki N. Sustained Decrease and Remarkable Increase in Red Blood Cell Velocity in Intraparenchymal Capillaries Associated With Potassium‐Induced Cortical Spreading Depression. Microcirculation 19: 166–174, 2012.AbstractObjectives:  To examine changes in red blood cell (RBC) velocity in intraparenchymal capillaries of rat cerebral cortex in response to KCl‐induced cortical spreading depression (CSD).Methods:  In isoflurane‐anesthetized rats, the velocity of fluorescently labeled RBCs flowing in capillaries in layer I was measured with a high‐speed camera laser‐scanning confocal fluorescence microscope, with simultaneous monitoring of DC potential, the electroencephalogram (EEG), partial pressure of oxygen (PO2), and cerebral blood flow (CBF).Results:  After KCl application, a transient deflection of DC potential (i.e., CSD) repeatedly appeared concomitantly with depression of EEG, and was propagated in the distal direction. PO2 transiently decreased and CBF was slowly elevated. The frequency distribution of RBC velocity was shifted downward during CSD and was still low after the passage of CSD. When we observed RBC velocity in 38 individual capillaries, 10 capillaries exhibited slowed‐down RBC during CSD and RBC velocity remained low in 2 even after the passage of CSD. On the other hand, RBCs with moderately (<3 mm/sec) or remarkably (>3 mm/sec) increased velocities were seen in 10 and 5 capillaries, respectively.Conclusion:  CSD‐induced excitation of neurons may sustainably decrease or greatly increase RBC velocity in capillaries.
Sintering Behavior of Nano‐ and Micro‐Sized ZnO Powder Targets for rf Magnetron Sputtering Applications
Authors: Neves Nuno , Barros Raquel , Antunes Elsa , Ferreira Isabel , Calado João , Fortunato Elvira , Martins Rodrigo 
Published: October 2011

In this work, the nonisothermal sintering behavior of as‐received commercial high purity ZnO micrometric (m_ZnO), submicrometric (sm_ZnO) and nanometric (n_ZnO) powders was studied. The sintering behavior for sputtering target production was evaluated by changing the green density of samples from 62% of theoretical density (TD) to 35%. We observed that for n_ZnO powder, the maximum shrinkage rate (MSR) temperature (TMSR) was not affected by the green density, and that it was reached at lower temperatures (~710°C) compared with m_ZnO and sm_ZnO powders. For these powders, the temperature of MSR increased from 803°C to 934°C and from 719°C to 803°C as TD changed from 62% to 35% TD, respectively. Small grain size (~0.560 μm) and high density targets were obtained for n_ZnO when sintered at temperatures below the TMSR. Heating rate from 1°C to 15°C/min led to lower activation energy for n_ZnO (~201 ± 3 kJ/mol) than for the submicrometric (sm_ZnO) (~332 ± 20 kJ/mol) and micrometric (m_ZnO) (~273 ± 9 kJ/mol) powders. Using the model proposed by Bannister and Woolfrey, an n value of 0.75 was found, which was correlated with a combination of viscous flow and volume diffusion mechanisms that should control the initial stage of n_ZnO sintering. No significant differences were observed for n_ZnO powder in terms of density when the size of targets (scale‐up effect) was increased, while in the case of m_ZnO and sm_ZnO, a delay in the densification was observed, which was related to the higher sinterability of n_ZnO powder. Two inches ZnO ceramic targets with different particle sizes and final densities were used in an rf magnetron sputtering system to produce ZnO films under the same deposition conditions. Films with thickness around 100 nm and good uniformity were produced using those targets, and no variation was observed in the optical and morphological properties. However, low electrical resistivity (1.4 Ω·cm) films were obtained with n_ZnO targets, which could be explained in terms of a nonstoichiometric Zn:O composition of the started powders.
Large Piezoelectric Coefficient in (Ba1−xCax)(Ti0.96Sn0.04)O3 Lead‐Free Ceramics
Authors: Li Wei , Xu Zhijun , Chu Ruiqing , Fu Peng , Zang Guozhong 
Published: October 2011

Lead‐free (Ba1−xCax)(Ti0.96Sn0.04)O3 (BCST) (x = 0–0.04) ceramics were prepared using solid‐state reaction technique. At room temperature, a polymorphic phase transition from orthorhombic phase to tetragonal phase was identified in the composition range of 0.01 ≤ x ≤ 0.03. Extremely high piezoelectric coefficient of d33 = 510 pC/N and high planar electromechanical coupling factor of kp = 48% were obtained for the BCST ceramics at x = 0.02. These results indicate that the BCSTs are promising candidates for the widely used lead‐based piezoelectric materials.
Stoichiometry Dependence of Li+ Diffusivity in LiNbO3 Crystal in Off‐Congruent, Li‐Deficient Regime
Authors: Chen Bei , Hua Ping‐Rang , Zhang De‐Long , Pun Edwin Yue‐Bun 
Published: October 2011

Diffusivity at 1130°C of Li+ in LiNbO3 crystal in off‐congruent, Li‐deficient regime has been studied as a function of Li2O‐content. A diffusion‐limited Li2O‐content reduction depth profile in an X‐ or Z‐cut plate, ranging from 47.2 to 48.5 mol%, was produced by carrying out Li‐poor vapor transport equilibration (VTE) treatment on 1‐mm‐thick, initially congruent plates at 1130°C for 150 h. The profile was obtained by alternatively doing the optical polish to one crystal surface and the Li2O‐content characterization on the polished surface through the measurement on birefringence. The Boltzmann–Matano mathematical analysis was applied to the profile to obtain the Li2O‐content dependence of Li+ diffusivity. The results show that the diffusivity decreases with the decreased Li2O‐content and the decrease is by at least one order of magnitude as the Li2O‐content decreases by 1 mol% from 48.5 mol%. The diffusion shows slight anisotropy and is faster along the optical axis direction of crystal. In combination with previously reported result in the near‐stoichiometric regime, the diffusivity over the Li2O‐content range from 47 to 50 mol% is presented.
EFFECT OF ACQUISITION TIME AND CHEMICAL FAT SUPPRESSION ON MENINGEAL ENHANCEMENT ON MR IMAGING IN DOGS
Authors: d'Anjou Marc‐André , Carmel Éric Norman , Blond Laurent , Beauchamp Guy , Parent Joane 
Published: October 2011

Our purpose was to characterize meningeal gadolinium enhancement on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in dogs with inflammatory and neoplastic diseases, and to assess interobserver variability and the impact of delayed acquisition and chemical fat saturation on its conspicuity. Transverse T1‐weighted FLAIR images were acquired prior to, and immediately following gadolinium injection (T0), and at 5 (T5) and 15–20 min delay (TD), with and without fat suppression, in 155 consecutive dogs imaged for suspected brain disease. The agreement on meningeal enhancement was globally substantial (κ = 0.61) and the likelihood of obtaining a definite diagnosis was significantly increased with the use of fat suppression (P ≤ 0.004). Meningeal enhancement was judged definitively present by consensus in 46 of 155 (30%) dogs. Of these, meningeal enhancement was characterized qualitatively and quantitatively in 30 dogs with a clinical diagnosis (18 inflammatory, 11 neoplastic, 1 infarct), and image sequences were compared. Meningeal enhancement was more often diffuse and leptomeningeal in animals with inflammation versus neoplasia (50% vs. 42%, and 69% vs. 48%, respectively), but significant associations were not found. Meningeal thickness and contrast ratio were higher with neoplasia (P ≤ 0.02), but results did not vary significantly between series for either group. Yet, images with fat suppression were most useful 50% of the time for definite diagnosis and/or characterization of meningeal enhancement. While delayed image acquisition following gadolinium injection does not improve characterization of meningeal enhancement in dogs, fat suppression is beneficial qualitatively.