bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systems approach to plant bioprocess optimization
Authors: Cloutier Mathieu , Chen Jingkui , De Dobbeleer Caroline , Perrier Michel , Jolicoeur Mario 
Published: October 2009

SummaryA dynamic model for plant cell metabolism was used as a basis for a rational analysis of plant production potential in in vitro cultures. The model was calibrated with data from 3‐L bioreactor cultures. A dynamic sensitivity analysis framework was developed to analyse the response curves of secondary metabolite production to metabolic and medium perturbations. Simulation results suggest that a straightforward engineering of cell metabolism or medium composition might only have a limited effect on productivity. To circumvent the problem of the dynamic allocation of resources between growth and production pathways, the sensitivity analysis framework was used to assess the effect of stabilizing intracellular nutrient concentrations. Simulations showed that a stabilization of intracellular glucose and nitrogen reserves could lead to a 116% increase in the specific production of secondary metabolites compared with standard culture protocol. This culture strategy was implemented experimentally using a perfusion bioreactor. To stabilize intracellular concentrations, adaptive medium feeding was performed using model mass balances and estimations. This allowed for a completely automated culture, with controlled conditions and pre‐defined decision making algorithm. The proposed culture strategy leads to a 73% increase in specific production and a 129% increase in total production, as compared with a standard batch culture protocol. The sensitivity analysis on a mathematical model of plant metabolism thus allowed producing new insights on the links between intracellular nutritional management and cell productivity. The experimental implementation was also a significant improvement on current plant bioprocess strategies.
Financialization and Manufacturing Firm Profitability under Uncertainty and Macroeconomic Volatility: Evidence from an Emerging Market
Authors: Demir Firat 
Published: October 2009

AbstractUsing semi‐annual data from 1993 to 2003 for all publicly traded manufacturing firms in Turkey, this paper explores the impacts of macroeconomic uncertainty and external shocks on profitability of real sector firms in the presence of multiple investment options in both real and financial sectors. The paper argues that increasing availability and accessibility of investment opportunities in the financial markets help real sector firms sustain profit margins despite market rigidities, increasing goods market competition, or higher levels of risks. The empirical results based on dynamic panel estimations show that increasing macroeconomic uncertainty and volatility have a significantly negative effect on firm profitability. In contrast, increasing the share of financial investments in total assets is found to be reducing such negative effects at a statistically and economically significant level.
Export‐ and Import‐Specific Habit Formation
Authors: Ikeda Shinsuke 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBy incorporating good‐specific habit formation into the consumption of export and import goods, I examine the dynamic adjustment of a small country to a permanent terms‐of‐trade deterioration. With differences in the strength of habit formation between export and import goods, the shock affects net output through countervailing income and substitution effects. Unlike in the existing literature, adjacent complementarity is neither necessary nor sufficient for the shock to reduce net foreign assets. When consuming export goods is more habit forming than is consuming import goods, the resulting asymmetric inertia of exports and imports leads the current account to exhibit a J‐curve.
The embodied self: thinking psychoanalytically in a time of ‘science’
Authors: Marshall Karol 
Published: October 2009

Abstract:  In order to be relevant in our ‘scientific’ times, it is necessary that we psychoanalysts situate our ideas in thoughtful and respectful relationship to neighbouring disciplines such as genetics, cultural studies, and neuro‐anatomy. In this paper I suggest that, although psychoanalysis still continues to have valuable contributions to make to the understanding of human sexual experience and behaviour, in order to make these contributions relevant we must tune in with openness to the challenges posed by the unfolding discoveries in the other disciplines that grapple with the arena of human sexuality.I will suggest ways in which research on sexual desire and gender identity may be assimilated into psychoanalytic thinking and give some examples of its use in analytic practice.
Fitness costs associated with evolved herbicide resistance alleles in plants
Authors: Vila‐Aiub Martin M. , Neve Paul , Powles Stephen B. 
Published: October 2009

SummaryPredictions based on evolutionary theory suggest that the adaptive value of evolved herbicide resistance alleles may be compromised by the existence of fitness costs. There have been many studies quantifying the fitness costs associated with novel herbicide resistance alleles, reflecting the importance of fitness costs in determining the evolutionary dynamics of resistance. However, many of these studies have incorrectly defined resistance or used inappropriate plant material and methods to measure fitness. This review has two major objectives. First, to propose a methodological framework that establishes experimental criteria to unequivocally evaluate fitness costs. Second, to present a comprehensive analysis of the literature on fitness costs associated with herbicide resistance alleles. This analysis reveals unquestionable evidence that some herbicide resistance alleles are associated with pleiotropic effects that result in plant fitness costs. Observed costs are evident from herbicide resistance‐endowing amino acid substitutions in proteins involved in amino acid, fatty acid, auxin and cellulose biosynthesis, as well as enzymes involved in herbicide metabolism. However, these resistance fitness costs are not universal and their expression depends on particular plant alleles and mutations. The findings of this review are discussed within the context of the plant defence trade‐off theory and herbicide resistance evolution.

Contents

Summary
751

I.
Introduction
752

II.
Methods for the detection and estimation of herbicide resistance fitness costs
753

III.
Fitness costs associated with AHAS target site resistance
756

IV.
Fitness costs associated with ACCase target site resistance
757

V.
Fitness costs associated with resistance to phenoxy herbicides
758

VI.
Arabidopsis thaliana as a model plant to understand pleiotropic effects of herbicide target‐site based resistance alleles
759

VII.
Fitness costs associated with herbicide resistance endowed by enhanced rates of herbicide metabolism catalysed by P450 enzymes
760

VIII.
Fitness costs associated with glyphosate resistance
760

IX.
Discussion
761

X.
Conclusion
762

Acknowledgements
763

References
763
Eating problems at age 6 years in a whole population sample of extremely preterm children
Authors: SAMARA MUTHANNA , JOHNSON SAMANTHA , LAMBERTS KOEN , MARLOW NEIL , WOLKE DIETER 
Published: October 2009

Aim  The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of eating problems and their association with neurological and behavioural disabilities and growth among children born extremely preterm (EPC) at age 6 years.Method  A standard questionnaire about eating was completed by parents of 223 children (125 males [56.1%], 98 females [43.9%]) aged 6 years who were born at 25 weeks’ gestation or earlier (mean 24.5wks, SD 0.7wks; mean birthweight 749.1g, SD 116.8g), and parents of 148 classmates born at term (66 males [44.6%], 82 females [55.4%]). All children underwent neurological, cognitive, and anthropometric assessment, and parents and teachers completed a behaviour scale.Results  Eating problems were more common among the EPC than the comparison group (odds ratio [OR] 3.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.1–6.3), including oral motor (OR 5.2, 95% CI 2.8–9.9), hypersensitivity (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.6–5.6), and behavioural (OR 3.8, 95% CI 1.9–7.6) problems. Group differences were reduced after adjustment for cognitive impairment, neuromotor disability, and other behaviour problems. EPC with eating problems were shorter, lighter, and had lower mid‐arm circumference and lower body mass index (BMI) even after adjusting for disabilities, gestational age, birthweight, and feeding problems at 30 months.Interpretation  Eating problems are still frequent in EPC at school age. They are only partly related to other disabilities but make an additional contribution to continued growth failure and may require early recognition and intervention.
Relationship between maternal growth, infant birthweight and nutrient partitioning in teenage pregnancies
Authors: Jones RL , Cederberg HMS , Wheeler SJ , Poston L , Hutchinson CJ , Seed PT , Oliver RL , Baker PN 
Published: October 2009

Please cite this paper as: Jones R, Cederberg H, Wheeler S, Poston L, Hutchinson C, Seed P, Oliver R, Baker P. Relationship between maternal growth, infant birthweight and nutrient partitioning in teenage pregnancies. BJOG 2010;117:200–211.Objective  Teenagers are susceptible to delivering small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) infants. Previous studies suggest that maternal growth may contribute, as a result of preferential nutrient partitioning to the mother. We investigated the impact of maternal growth on birthweight in pregnant teenagers in the UK, and examined endocrine mediators of nutrient partitioning.Design  A prospective observational multicentre study, About Teenage Eating, conducted between 2004 and 2007.Setting  Four hospitals in socially‐deprived areas of Manchester and London.Population  A total of 500 pregnant adolescents (14–18 years of age) with a singleton pregnancy were recruited at 10–21 weeks of gestation, with follow‐up studies on 368 subjects. A cohort of 80 pregnant adults (25–40 years of age) provided a control group for determining growth.Methods  Skeletal growth, weight gain and skinfold thickness were measured from first to third trimester, together with maternal levels of micronutrients and metabolic hormones: insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) system and leptin. Dietary analyses were performed.Main outcome measure  SGA birth.Results  Maternal growth was not associated with SGA birth: growing mothers delivered more large‐for‐gestational‐age infants (OR 2.51; P < 0.05). Growers had greater weight gain (P < 0.001), fat accrual (P < 0.001) and red cell folate concentrations (P < 0.01) than non‐growers. Maternal IGF‐I (P < 0.01) and leptin (P < 0.001) were positively associated with maternal and fetal growth, whereas IGF‐I (P < 0.001) was negatively associated. Teenagers that were underweight at booking or with low weight gain were at greater risk of SGA birth.Conclusions  Maternal growth was not detrimental to fetal growth in this UK population of teenagers. Greater weight gain and higher concentrations of IGF‐I in growing teenagers may provide anabolic drive for maternal and fetal growth.
Indicators for intervention during the expulsive second‐stage arrest of labour
Authors: Leushuis E , Tromp M , Ravelli ACJ , van Huis AM , Mol BW , Visser GHA , van der Post JAM 
Published: October 2009

Objective  To identify antepartum and intrapartum indicators of obstetric interventions during the expulsive second‐stage arrest of labour.Design  Retrospective cohort study.Setting  The Netherlands.Population  A cohort of 389 086 women with singleton, cephalic, term, live‐birth deliveries from 2002 to 2004 who had entered the expulsive second stage of labour. Of all these deliveries, 37 899 (9.7%) were complicated by expulsive second‐stage arrest of labour. Women with a prior Caesarean section or women undergoing an elective Caesarean section were excluded.Methods  All deliveries in the Netherlands from 2002 to 2004 were registered in the Netherlands Perinatal Registry, which contains the linked and validated data of three databases. Uni‐ and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed.Main outcome measures  Ante‐ and intrapartum indicators for interventions during expulsive second‐stage arrest of labour.Results  Primiparous delivery was the most important antepartum indicator for intervention during expulsive second‐stage arrest. Using multivariable analysis the following antepartum indicators were associated with intervention for expulsive second‐stage arrest of primiparous labour: maternal age, gestational age, diabetes, hypertension and labour induction. Prominent intrapartum indicators for primiparous deliveries were fetal head position and oxytocin augmentation.Conclusion  Multiple significant antepartum and intrapartum indicators associated with intervention for expulsive second‐stage arrest of labour were identified in this large retrospective study. Prominent were the associations of parity, maternal age and fetal head position with expulsive second‐stage arrest. The identified factors should be further evaluated in prospective studies that aim to develop prediction models.
Metabolic syndrome in young women with the polycystic ovary syndrome: revisiting the threshold for an abnormally decreased high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol serum level
Authors: Dewailly D , Contestin M , Gallo C , Catteau‐Jonard S 
Published: October 2009

Please cite this paper as: Dewailly D, Contestin M, Gallo C, Catteau‐Jonard S. Metabolic syndrome in young women with the polycystic ovary syndrome: revisiting the threshold for an abnormally decreased high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol serum level. BJOG 2010;117:175–180.Objective  To verify whether the adult threshold for an abnormally decreased high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) serum level (0.5 g/l) is appropriate in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Design  Retrospective analysis of a database.Setting  Academic Hospital.Population  A total of 854 women aged 16–40 years having PCOS according to Rotterdam criteria.Methods  Criteria defining the metabolic syndrome (MetS) (increased waist circumference, systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, fasting glycaemia and decreased HDL‐C) were separately analysed and compared in three different subgroups (16–20 years, 20–30 years and 30–40 years). The prevalence of the MetS was calculated using two different thresholds (0.5 and 0.4 g/l) for HDL‐C in the 16–20 years group.Main outcomes measures  Prevalence of MetS.Results  The prevalence of an abnormal HDL‐C (<0.5 g/l) was higher in the youngest women (60%), whereas frequencies of abnormal waist circumference, systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides and fasting glycaemia were lower than in the two other groups. The prevalence of an abnormal HDL‐C dropped to 27% when using a threshold of 0.4 g/l in the 16–20 years subgroup. The prevalence of the MetS in the 16–20 years subgroup was 11%, whatever the threshold, because HDL‐C was <0.4 g/l in all women once they scored 3 or more.Conclusions  The adult threshold for HDL‐C overestimates the prevalence of abnormal HDL‐C in young women with PCOS. Until normative data about HDL‐C in adult women under 20 years is available, we suggest using a threshold of 0.4 g/l or ignoring this criterion.
Hippocampal seizures alter the expression of the pannexin and connexin transcriptome
Authors: Mylvaganam Shanthini , Zhang Liang , Wu Chiping , Zhang Zhang Jane , Samoilova Marina , Eubanks James , Carlen Peter L. , Poulter Michael O. 
Published: October 2009

J. Neurochem. (2010) 112, 92–102.AbstractSome forms of seizure activity can be stopped by gap junctional (GJ) blockade. Here, we found that GJ blockers attenuate hippocampal seizure activity induced by a novel seizuregenic protocol using Co2+. We hypothesized that this activity may occur because of the altered expression of connexin (Cx) and/or pannexin (Panx) mRNAs and protein. We found a 1.5‐, 1.4‐, and 2‐fold increase in Panx1, Panx2, and Cx43 mRNAs, respectively. Significant post‐translational modifications of the proteins Cx43 and Panx1 were also observed after the Co2+ treatment. No changes were observed in the presence of tetrodotoxin, indicating that seizure activity is required for these alterations in expression, rather than the Co2+ treatment itself. Further analysis of the QPCR data showed that the Cx and Panx transcriptome becomes remarkably re‐organized. Pannexin (Panxs 1 and 2) and glial connexin mRNA became highly correlated to one another; suggesting that these genes formed a transcriptomic network of coordinated gene expression, perhaps facilitating seizure induction. These data show that seizure activity up‐regulates the expression of both glial and neuronal GJ mRNAs and protein while inducing a high degree of coordinate expression of the GJ transcriptome.
Trends in Hospital Cost and Revenue, 1994–2005: How Are They Related to HMO Penetration, Concentration, and For‐Profit Ownership?
Authors: Shen Yu‐Chu , Wu Vivian Y. , Melnick Glenn 
Published: October 2009

Objective. Analyze trends in hospital cost and revenue, as well as price and quantity (1994–2005) as a function of health maintenance organization (HMO) penetration, HMO concentration, and for‐profit (FP) HMO market share.Data. Medicare hospital cost reports, AHA Annual Surveys, HMO data from Interstudy, and other supplemental data.Study Design. A retrospective study of all short‐term, general, nonfederal hospitals in metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) in the United States from 1994 to 2005, using hospital/MSA fixed‐effects translog regression models.Principal Findings. A 10 percentage point increase in HMO enrollment is associated with 4.1–4.2 percent reduction in costs and revenues in the pre‐2000 period but only a 2.1–2.5 percent reduction in the post‐2000 period. Hospital revenue in HMO‐dominant markets (highly concentrated HMO market and competitive hospital market) is 19–27 percent lower than other types of markets, and the difference is most likely due mainly to lower prices and to a lesser extent lower utilization.Conclusions. The historical difference of lower spending in high HMO penetration markets compared with low HMO markets narrowed after 2000 and the relative concentration between HMO and hospital markets can substantially influence hospital spending. Additional research is needed to understand how different aspects of these two markets have changed and interacted and how they are causally linked to spending trends.
Does Major Illness Cause Financial Catastrophe?
Authors: Cook Keziah , Dranove David , Sfekas Andrew 
Published: October 2009

Objective. We examine the financial impact of major illnesses on the near‐elderly and how this impact is affected by health insurance.Data Sources. We use RAND Corporation extracts from the Health and Retirement Study from 1992 to 2006.1Study Design. Our dependent variable is the change in household assets, excluding the value of the primary home. We use triple difference median regressions on a sample of newly ill/uninsured near elderly (under age 65) matched to newly ill/insured near elderly. We also include a matched control group of households whose members are not ill.Results. Controlling for the effects of insurance status and illness, we find that the median household with a newly ill, uninsured individual suffers a statistically significant decline in household assets of between 30 and 50 percent relative to households with matched insured individuals. Newly ill, insured individuals do not experience a decline in wealth.Conclusions. Newly ill/uninsured households appear to be one illness away from financial catastrophe. Newly ill insured households who are matched to uninsured households appear to be protected against financial loss, at least in the near term.
The immediate life support course: implementation into an undergraduate nursing programme
Authors: Rice Billiejoan , Gallagher Patrick , Mc Kenna Niall , Traynor Marian , Mc Nulty Trevor 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTAim: The aim of this paper is to outline how the immediate life support (ILS) course was incorporated into an undergraduate nursing curriculum in a university in Northern Ireland. It also reports on how the students perceived the impact of this course on their clinical practice.Rationale and Background: The rationale of the course was to develop the student's ability to recognize the acutely ill patient and to determine the relevance of this to clinical practice. Prior to this, the ILS course was only available to qualified nurses, and this paper reports on the first time undergraduate nursing students were provided with an ILS course.Methods: The ILS course was delivered to 89 third‐year nursing students from the adult branch pathway of the BSc (Hons) programme in Nursing Sciences. Each course was taught to 10–12 students and was completed over eight 7·5 h sessions within a 2‐week period. Recognized advanced life support (ALS) instructors, in keeping with the UK Resuscitation Council guidelines, taught the students.Results and Conclusion: Student feedback reported that the ILS course helped them understand what constituted the acutely ill patient and the role of the nurse in managing a deteriorating situation. Students also reported that they valued the experience as highlighting gaps in their knowledge.
Structural Features of the NAD‐Dependent In Situ Retinoic Acid Supply System in Esophageal Mucosa
Authors: Yokoyama Hirokazu , Shiraishi‐Yokoyama Haruko , Hibi Toshifumi 
Published: October 2009

Background:  We previously reported that an NAD‐dependent in situ retinoic acid supply system, which comprises some isoforms of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and provides retinoic acid from retinol via a 2‐step oxidation process, exists in the rat esophagus. Herein, their isoforms responsible for the pathway and its localization in the rat esophagus was examined.Methods:  The expressions of mRNAs of various isoforms of ADH and ALDH were examined in the fraction mainly comprising mucosal layer of the rat esophagus by RT‐PCR. Expression levels of Class IV ADH and ALDH 1A1 were compared between the fractions and that mainly comprising muscle layer of the rat esophagus by quantitative PCR. The catalytic activities producing retinoic acid from retinal were compared between the 2 fractions and its optimum pH was also determined.Results:  Classes I, III, and IV ADHs and ALDHs 1A1 and 3A1 were predominant isoforms in the rat esophageal mucosa. The expression levels of mRNA of Class IV ADH and ALDH 3A1 were significantly higher in the mucosal than in the muscle layer. Consistently, the catalytic activities producing retinoic acid from retinal were significantly higher in the former than the latter. The optimum pH of the process was 9.0.Conclusions:  Considering the affinities for retinol and retinal of ADHs and ALDHs expressed in the rat esophagus, the NAD‐dependent in situ retinoic acid supply system in the rat esophagus is thought to comprise Class IV ADH and ALDH 1A1. In the rat esophagus, the system exists predominantly in the mucosal layer.