bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poor physical function, pain and limited exercise: risk factors for premature mortality in the range of smoking or hypertension, identified on a simple patient self-report questionnaire for usual care
Authors: Sokka Tuulikki , Pincus Theodore 
Published: June 2011

ObjectiveTo analyse poor physical function, pain, limited exercise and smoking, assessed in a patient-friendly self-report questionnaire format that has been completed by every patient at every visit over 20–30 years in the authors’ and other usual care settings, to predict 5-year mortality in a general older population.MethodsAn extended version of a Multidimensional Health Assessment Questionnaire was mailed to 2000 subjects in Finland, identified as a randomly selected control cohort for a rheumatoid arthritis cohort. The questionnaire included queries concerning baseline physical function, pain, exercise and smoking status, identical to the clinic version, as well as age and 25 medical conditions. Five-year survival was analysed according to descriptive statistics, Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox regressions.ResultsThe questionnaire was returned by 1523 subjects (76%). Five-year survival was 94% in all subjects, 98% in subjects with no disease or no acutely life-threatening disease, and 17% in subjects with an acutely life-threatening disease. Hazard ratios (HRs) for 5-year mortality were 3.5 for poor physical function, 2.2 for pain, 5.2 for limited exercise and 4.6 for smoking (p<0.01); 5-year survivals were 93%, 97%, 93% and 95%, respectively, compared with 91% for hypertension. Each of the four patient history variables predicted mortality at higher levels in subjects who reported no versus one or more acutely life-threatening conditions.ConclusionsPoor physical function, pain, limited exercise and smoking can be assessed systematically on a simple standard Multidimensional Health Assessment Questionnaire, to identify potentially modifiable risk factors for premature mortality in the infrastructure of usual medical care and health maintenance.
Economic evaluation within a factorial-design randomised controlled trial of exercise, manual therapy, or both interventions for osteoarthritis of the hip or knee: study protocol
Authors: Pinto Daniel , Robertson M Clare , Hansen Paul , Abbott J Haxby 
Published: June 2011

IntroductionClinical guidelines for the treatment of hip and knee osteoarthritis recommend non-pharmacological and non-surgical treatments. Exercise treatments are recommended as primary strategies, but specific exercise programme components have not been specified. Early evidence indicates that manual physiotherapy is effective for hip and knee osteoarthritis. The Management of Osteoarthritis (MOA) Trial was designed to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of physiotherapist-led, individualised exercise, manual physiotherapy and a combination of these two interventions in the treatment of adults with hip or knee osteoarthrits. This paper describes the methods that will be used to conduct the economic evaluation of these interventions within the MOA Trial.Methods and analysisThis comprehensive economic evaluation will assess the incremental cost-effectiveness of physiotherapy plus usual care versus usual care alone from a societal perspective. The authors will conduct a cost-consequences analysis using end-points such as Outcomes Measures in Rheumatology Clinical Trials—Osteoarthritis Research Society International responder criteria and quality-adjusted life years. The evaluation will have a time horizon of 1 year (and so discounting will not be necessary). All costs will be reported in 2009 New Zealand dollars. The authors will address uncertainty via bootstrapping to calculate CIs for the mean incremental cost-effectiveness ratios and by performing sensitivity analyses.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was granted by the Lower South Regional Ethics Committee of the New Zealand Ministry of Health (ethics reference: LRS/07/11/044). All participants of the MOA Trial provided written informed consent for the capture of their healthcare costs. We will submit the results of the study for publication irrespective of outcome.Clinical trials registration numberACTRN12608000130369.
Errors in the administration of intravenous medications in hospital and the role of correct procedures and nurse experience
Authors: Westbrook Johanna I , Rob Marilyn I , Woods Amanda , Parry Dave 
Published: June 2011

BackgroundIntravenous medication administrations have a high incidence of error but there is limited evidence of associated factors or error severity.ObjectiveTo measure the frequency, type and severity of intravenous administration errors in hospitals and the associations between errors, procedural failures and nurse experience.MethodsProspective observational study of 107 nurses preparing and administering 568 intravenous medications on six wards across two teaching hospitals. Procedural failures (eg, checking patient identification) and clinical intravenous errors (eg, wrong intravenous administration rate) were identified and categorised by severity.ResultsOf 568 intravenous administrations, 69.7% (n=396; 95% CI 65.9 to 73.5) had at least one clinical error and 25.5% (95% CI 21.2 to 29.8) of these were serious. Four error types (wrong intravenous rate, mixture, volume, and drug incompatibility) accounted for 91.7% of errors. Wrong rate was the most frequent and accounted for 95 of 101 serious errors. Error rates and severity decreased with clinical experience. Each year of experience, up to 6 years, reduced the risk of error by 10.9% and serious error by 18.5%. Administration by bolus was associated with a 312% increased risk of error. Patient identification was only checked in 47.9% of administrations but was associated with a 56% reduction in intravenous error risk.ConclusionsIntravenous administrations have a higher risk and severity of error than other medication administrations. A significant proportion of errors suggest skill and knowledge deficiencies, with errors and severity reducing as clinical experience increases. A proportion of errors are also associated with routine violations which are likely to be learnt workplace behaviours. Both areas suggest specific targets for intervention.
TET2promoter methylation in low-grade diffuse gliomas lackingIDH1/2mutations: Figure 1
Authors: Kim Young-Ho , Pierscianek Daniela , Mittelbronn Michel , Vital Anne , Mariani Luigi , Hasselblatt Martin , Ohgaki Hiroko 
Published: June 2011

BackgroundMiscoding mutations of theTET2gene, which encodes the α-ketoglutarate-dependent enzyme that catalyses the conversion of 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, thus producing DNA demethylation, have been detected in 10–25% of acute myeloid leukaemias lackingIDH1/2mutations. Most low-grade diffuse gliomas carryIDH1/2mutations (>85%), but molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis in those lackingIDH1/2mutations remain to be elucidated.MethodsMiscoding mutations and promoter methylation of theTET2gene were screened for in 29 low-grade diffuse gliomas lackingIDH1/2mutations.ResultsSingle-strand conformational polymorphism followed by direct sequencing showed the absence of miscoding mutations inTET2. Methylation-specific PCR revealed methylation of theTET2promoter in 5 of 35 cases (14%). In contrast, none of 38 low-grade diffuse gliomas withIDH1/2mutations hadTET2promoter methylation (p=0.0216).ConclusionResults suggest thatTET2promoter methylation, but notTET2mutation, may be an alternative mechanism of pathogenesis in a small fraction of low-grade diffuse gliomas lackingIDH1/2mutations.
Utilization of the Neuron 6 French 0.053 inch inner luminal diameter guide catheter for treatment of cerebral vascular pathology: continued experience with ultra distal access into the cerebral vasculature
Authors: Chaudhary Neeraj , Pandey Aditya S , Thompson Byron Greg , Gandhi Dheeraj , Ansari Sameer A , Gemmete Joseph J 
Published: June 2011

ObjectiveTo describe our experience with very distal placement of the Neuron 6 F 0.053 inch inner luminal diameter guide catheter (Penumbra Inc, San Leandro, California, USA) within the intracranial and extracranial vasculature to allow treatment of various neurovascular pathologies. Previously, this was thought to be only possible with a microcatheter.Methods12 cases are presented in which traditional guide catheters were unable to successfully navigate tortuous anatomy or provide stable support for intervention.ResultsThe Neuron 6 F 0.053 inch inner luminal diameter delivery catheter (Penumbra) was placed in a very distal location within the internal carotid artery, external carotid artery and venous system enabling successful endovascular treatment of the intracranial pathology with no related neurological complications.ConclusionAll lesions were successfully treated through a microcatheter advanced in a coaxial fashion through the distally placed guide catheter. There were no complications related to the distal position of the guide catheter.
Dural tentorial arteriovenous fistula causing isolated trochlear nerve palsy: remission after endovascular embolization
Authors: Mariniello Giuseppe , Briganti Francesco , Vergara Pierluigi , Maiuri Francesco 
Published: June 2011

ObjectivesTo report an exceptional case of dural arteriovenous fistula of the tentorial incisura presenting as transient and recurrent isolated paresis of the fourth cranial nerve, and treated by endovascular embolization.Case reportA 63-year-old man presented several episodes of intermittent diplopia which appeared during sudden head movements and in the left lower gaze. Magnetic resonance and cerebral angiography showed a dural arteriovenous fistula of the right tentorial incisura fed mainly by branches of the right occipital artery as well as intracavernous branches of the right internal carotid artery. Embolization of the occipital artery branches resulted in significantly decreased flow within the fistula and in rapid and complete remission of diplopia. Stereotactic radiosurgery of the residual malformation was then performed. The treatment resulted in a good clinical and radiological outcome at the 5-year follow-up.ConclusionAn arteriovenous fistula of the tentorial incisura may exceptionally cause intermittent diplopia owing to compression of the trochlear nerve due to transient increase of blood flow within the malformation. Remission of diplopia may be achieved by endovascular embolization. Dural arteriovenous fistulas with low risk of hemorrhage and brain neurological symptoms may successfully be treated by partial endovascular embolization and radiosurgery.
Are medical graduates ready to face the challenges of Foundation training?
Authors: Tallentire Victoria R , Smith Samantha E , Wylde Keith , Cameron Helen S 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT

Purpose of study
Previous research demonstrates that graduating medical students often feel unprepared for practice and that their perceptions of preparedness correlate only partially with those of their supervising consultants. This study explores the components of preparedness for practice from the perspectives of both newly qualified doctors and their educational supervisors.

Study design
A questionnaire study was undertaken at the University of Edinburgh, involving feedback on preparedness for practice over three consecutive years from 2007 to 2009, against 13 major programme outcomes, from graduates and their educational supervisors. In addition, free text responses were sought and thematically analysed.

Results
Graduates consistently felt well prepared in consultation and communication skills but less prepared in acute care and prescribing. Educational supervisors consistently felt that graduates were well prepared in information technology and communication skills but less prepared in acute care and practical procedures. Free text analysis identified four main themes: knowledge; skills; personal attributes; and familiarity with the ward environment.

Conclusions
Preparedness for practice data can be enriched by repeated collection over several years, comparison of different perspectives, and incorporation of free text responses. The non-technical skills of decision-making, initiative, prioritisation, and coping with stress are important components of preparing new doctors for practice. Education for Foundation trainees should focus on the areas in which graduates are perceived to be less prepared, such as acute care, prescribing, and procedural skills.
PRIMALITY OF ALGEBRAS RELATIVE TO CONGRUENCES
Authors: Temgoua Etienne R. Alomo , Tonga Marcel 
Published: June 2011

The famous Baker-Pixley theorem says that for a finite algebra [Formula: see text] with a majority term operation, an operation f : An → A, n ≥ 1, is a term operation of [Formula: see text] iff f preserves all subuniverses of [Formula: see text]. The aim of this paper is the generalization of this result by replacing [Formula: see text] by an arbitrary congruence on [Formula: see text]. In this way we generalize the concept of primality to θ-primality. Moreover, we introduce the concept of a θ-variety and prove a structure theorem for those classes of algebras.
SIGWEB
Authors: Munson Ethan 
Published: June 2011

SIGWEB is doing very well in terms of participation, volunteer efforts, organization, and finances. The 2010--2011 year has seen good progress on several important initiatives that expand our conference offerings, strengthen support for student researchers, and improve the organization. The biggest news is that SIGWEB is now sponsoring the International Conference on Web Science.
A face-to-face SIGWEB Town Meeting will be held during Hypertext 2011, which is being held June 6--9 in Eindhoven, Netherlands.
Adoptive Transfer of Tumor Reactive B Cells Confers Host T-Cell Immunity and Tumor Regression
Authors: Li Qiao , Lao Xiangming , Pan Qin , Ning Ning , Yet Ji , Xu Yingxin , Li Shengping , Chang Alfred E. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractPurpose: We investigated the antitumor reactivity of adoptively transferred effector B cells and the mechanisms by which they may mediate tumor regression in a spontaneous metastases model.Experimental Design: 4T1 breast cancer cells were inoculated into the flanks of syngeneic Balb/C mice to prime draining lymph nodes. Tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLN) were harvested and B cells activated ex vivo with lipopolysaccharide and anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody. These activated B cells were adoptively transferred into mice inoculated with 4T1 tumor in the mammary fat pad. The induction of host T-cell immunity was evaluated.Results: Activated 4T1 TDLN B cells secreted immunoglobulin G (IgG) in response to tumor cells which was immunologically specific. These activated B cells were capable of mediating specific lysis of tumor cells in vitro. Transfer of these activated B cells alone mediated the inhibition of spontaneous metastases to the lung. Examination of the host revealed that the transfer of these B cells resulted in the induction of tumor-specific T-cell immunity as measured by cytotoxicity and cytokine (IFNγ and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor) production. The combined transfer of activated T and B cells from TDLN resulted in tumor regression, which was greater than either cell population alone, with host B cells capable of producing IgG that mediated lysis of tumor in the presence of complement.Conclusions: We have found that appropriately primed B cells can mediate tumor regression by itself and confers host T-cell antitumor immunity. Furthermore, effector B cells can serve as a useful adjunct in adoptive T-cell therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 17(15); 4987–95. ©2011 AACR.
Enhancement of 5-Fluorouracil-induced In Vitro and In Vivo Radiosensitization with MEK Inhibition
Authors: Urick Mary Ellen , Chung Eun Joo , Shield William P. , Gerber Naamit , White Ayla , Sowers Anastasia , Thetford Angela , Camphausen Kevin , Mitchell James , Citrin Deborah E. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Purpose: Gastrointestinal cancers frequently exhibit mutational activation of the Ras/MAPK pathway, which is implicated in resistance to ionizing radiation (IR) and chemotherapy. Concurrent radiotherapy and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) based chemotherapy is commonly used for treatment of gastrointestinal malignancies. We previously reported radiosensitization with selumetinib, an inhibitor of MEK1/2. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate if selumetinib could enhance radiosensitivity induced by 5-FU.
Experimental Design: Clonogenic survival assays were carried out with the HT29 (colorectal), HCT116 (colorectal), and MiaPaca-2 (pancreatic) cell lines using pre-IR treatment with selumetinib, 5-FU and 5-FU+selumetinib. Cell proliferation was determined using a tetrazolium conversion assay. Mitotic catastrophe and DNA repair were analyzed using immunocytochemistry. Flow cytometry was used to analyze cell cycle and apoptosis. Growth delay was used to determine effects of 5-FU+selumetinib on in vivo tumor radiosensitivity.
Results: Pre-IR treatment with 5-FU+selumetinib significantly decreased clonogenic survival compared with either agent alone. Dose modifying factors at a surviving fraction of 0.1 for 5-FU+selumetinib was 1.78, 1.52, and 1.3 for HT29, HCT116, and MiaPaca-2, respectively. Cell proliferation was decreased by treatment with selumetinib+5-FU as compared with single agent treatment regardless of treatment sequencing. Enhancement of 5-FU cytotoxicity and 5-FU mediated radiosensitization with selumetinib treatment was accompanied by an increase in mitotic catastrophe and apoptosis, and reductions in Stat3 phosphorylation and survivin expression. In vivo, an additive growth delay was observed with 5-FU+selumetinib+3Gy versus 5-FU+3Gy and selumetinib alone.
Conclusion: These data suggest that selumetinib can be used with 5-FU to augment radiation response. Clin Cancer Res; 17(15); 5038–47. ©2011 AACR.
p53 Expression in Node-Positive Breast Cancer Patients: Results from the Cancer and Leukemia Group B 9344 Trial (159905)
Authors: Lara Jonathan F. , Thor Ann D. , Dressler Lynn G. , Broadwater Gloria , Bleiweiss Ira J. , Edgerton Susan , Cowan David , Goldstein Lori J. , Martino Silvana , Ingle James N. , Henderson I. Craig , Norton Larry , Winer Eric P. , Hudis Clifford A. , Ellis Matthew J. , Berry Donald A. , Hayes Daniel F. ,   for the Cancer and Leukemia Group B
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Purpose: p53 as a prognostic and predictive factor in early-stage breast cancer has had mixed results. We studied p53 protein expression, by immunohistochemistry, in a randomized clinical trial of stage II patients treated with adjuvant doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide with or without paclitaxel [Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) 9344, INT0148].
Patients and Methods: Epithelial p53 expression was evaluated using two immunohistochemical antibodies (DO7 and 1801) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue from patients with node-positive breast cancer who were randomized to four cycles of cyclophosphamide and one of three doses of doxorubicin (60, 75, or 90 mg/m2; AC) and to receive four subsequent cycles of paclitaxel (T) or not. Prognostic and predictive value of p53 protein expression was assessed, independent of treatment assignment, for escalating doses of doxorubicin or addition of T with endpoints of relapse-free (RFS) and overall survival (OS).
Results: Of 3,121 patients, 1,887 patient specimens treated on C9344 were obtained, passed quality control, and evaluated for p53 expression. Expression was 23% and 27% for mAbs 1801 and D07, respectively, with 92% concordance. In univariate analysis, p53 positivity was associated with worse OS with either antibody, but only p53 staining with monoclonal antibody 1801 had significantly worse RFS. In multivariate analysis, p53 was not predictive of RFS or OS from either doxorubicin dose escalation or addition of paclitaxel regardless of the antibody.
Conclusion: Nuclear staining of p53 by immunohistochemistry is associated with worse prognosis in node-positive patients treated with adjuvant doxorubicin-based chemotherapy but is not a useful predictor of benefit from doxorubicin dose escalation or the addition of paclitaxel. Clin Cancer Res; 17(15); 5170–8. ©2011 AACR.
Class III β-Tubulin in Advanced NSCLC of Adenocarcinoma Subtype Predicts Superior Outcome in a Randomized Trial
Authors: Vilmar Adam Christian , Santoni-Rugiu Eric , Sørensen Jens Benn 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Purpose: Platinum-based doublets are the cornerstone of treatment in advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and often include vinorelbine or taxanes. A predictive biomarker is greatly needed to select chemotherapy-sensitive patients for these microtubule-interfering agents. Class III β-tubulin (TUBB3) has been shown of value in NSCLC, but evidence is not uniform. Accordingly, we explored the predictive role of TUBB3 in advanced NSCLC.
Experimental Design: Four hundred forty-three patients with advanced NSCLC were enrolled in a phase III trial and randomized to vinorelbine- or paclitaxel-containing chemotherapy. Immunohistochemical evaluation of TUBB3 status was mainly done on bioptic material and correlated to response rates, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), quality of life (QOL), and toxicity.
Results: Two hundred sixty-one (58.9%) patients had representative tissue samples for TUBB3 evaluation. Patients with TUBB3-negative adenocarcinomas had a significantly prolonged PFS and OS when compared with the opposite subgroup (7.87 vs. 6.83 months, P = 0.035 and 14.17 vs. 11.17 months, P = 0.018, respectively). Multivariate analyses revealed an HR of 1.55 (95% CI, 1.04–2.31, P = 0.032) for TUBB3-positive adenocarcinoma patients. TUBB3-negative adenocarcinoma patients showed a mean QOL decline of −18.25 points (95% CI, −4.28 to −32.22, P = 0.013) as compared with −3.86 (95% CI, −7.0 to 15.52, P = 0.5).
Conclusion: TUBB3 was of predictive value in adenocarcinoma patients in the largest, randomized advanced NSCLC population published to date. It may be clinically useful in conjunction with other biomarkers, but QOL information should be recorded during validation, as prophylactic intervention may be needed in specific subgroups at risk of toxicity. Clin Cancer Res; 17(15); 5205–14. ©2011 AACR.
Clinical, Pharmacodynamic, and Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of BNC105P: A Phase I Trial of a Novel Vascular Disrupting Agent and Inhibitor of Cancer Cell Proliferation
Authors: Rischin Danny , Bibby David C. , Chong Geoff , Kremmidiotis Gabriel , Leske Annabell F. , Matthews Clayton A. , Wong Shirley S. , Rosen Mark A. , Desai Jayesh 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Purpose: To determine the recommended phase II dose and evaluate the safety and toxicity profile and pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) effects of BNC105P, an inhibitor of tubulin polymerization that has vascular disrupting and antiproliferative effects.
Experimental Design: BNC105P was administered as a 10-minute infusion on days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle in a first-in-human phase I study. A dynamic accelerated dose titration method was used for dose escalation. Plasma concentrations of BNC105P (phosphate prodrug) and BNC105 (active agent) were determined. PD assessments were carried out using dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE)-MRI and analysis of a blood-borne biomarker.
Results: Twenty-one subjects with advanced solid tumors were enrolled on 6 dose levels (range: 2.1–18.9 mg/m2). The recommended dose level was 16 mg/m2 and was well tolerated. BNC105P (prodrug) rapidly converted to BNC105 with a half-life of 0.13 hours. Plasma concentrations of BNC105 generally increased in proportion to dose with a half-life of 0.57 hours. Pharmacodymanically active plasma levels were obtained with a dose dependant reduction in the levels of polymerized tubulin (on-target action) being observed in PBMCs. DCE-MRI also indicated blood flow changes in the tumor lesions of a number of subjects.
Conclusions: BNC105P has a favorable toxicity profile at the recommended dose of 16 mg/m2 and is associated with PD changes consistent with its known mechanism of action. Phase II studies in renal cancer and mesothelioma have commenced. Clin Cancer Res; 17(15); 5152–60. ©2011 AACR.