bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Micro electrical discharge drilling in SS304 and its multiparameter optimization using desirability function analysis
Authors: Majumder Tanmoy , Kebede Alemu Workie , Patowari Promod Kumar , Sahoo Chinmaya Kumar 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The present investigation examines the use of micro-electrical discharge machining (μEDM) for microhole drilling in stainless steel grade 304. In this experiment, a Taguchi L18 orthogonal array is considered with four process parameters, viz. capacitance, voltage, feed rate and tool rotation. Material removal rate and microhole precision, such as circularity, overcut, and taperness, have been studied to assess machinability. Parametric variation of response measures with process variables are studied and their corresponding impacts are calculated using ANOVA. Desirability function analysis (DFA) is selected to optimize the process parameter for the best possible response and most desirable condition of the experiment, and results show an improvement in overall desirability by 10.47% at optimum parameter settings of capacitance = 103pF, voltage = 150 V, feed rate = 20 μm sec−1 and tool rotation = 2800 rpm.
The effect of prior austenite grain size on crystallography and variant selection in carbide-free nano-structured bainite
Authors: Chhajed Bhawesh , Singh Kritika , Singh Aparna 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Prior austenite grain size (PAGS) significantly affects the microstructure and in turn the mechanical properties of nano-structured bainite. In this study, information about crystallographic variants/blocks as well as packets has been extracted using electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) technique for two blocks of nano-baintic steels with different PAGS obtained by austenitization at two different temperatures of 900°C and 1000°C respectively. However, the bainitic fraction has been maintained to be similar by choosing the same isothermal temperature of 250°C for transformation to bainite. The child-parent orientation relationship (OR) was determined to be close to Kurdjumov-Sachs (K-S) using EBSD for larger PAGS specimen while smaller PAGS specimen displayed closeness to K-S OR predominantly and Nishiyama-Wassermann (N-W) OR in some regions. It was observed that a higher PAGS leads to finer bainitic lath thickness, packet size and block width size. Stricter variant selection was found in smaller PAGS sample even though variant pairing was observed between variants of higher misorientation. This hints towards small number of nucleation sites for a grain and space constraint, rather than the tendency for pairing as the reason for selection.
Causal hybrid modeling with double machine learning—applications in carbon flux modeling
Authors: Cohrs Kai-Hendrik , Varando Gherardo , Carvalhais Nuno , Reichstein Markus , Camps-Valls Gustau 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Hybrid modeling integrates machine learning with scientific knowledge to enhance interpretability, generalization, and adherence to natural laws. Nevertheless, equifinality and regularization biases pose challenges in hybrid modeling to achieve these purposes. This paper introduces a novel approach to estimating hybrid models via a causal inference framework, specifically employing double machine learning (DML) to estimate causal effects. We showcase its use for the Earth sciences on two problems related to carbon dioxide fluxes. In the Q
10 model, we demonstrate that DML-based hybrid modeling is superior in estimating causal parameters over end-to-end deep neural network approaches, proving efficiency, robustness to bias from regularization methods, and circumventing equifinality. Our approach, applied to carbon flux partitioning, exhibits flexibility in accommodating heterogeneous causal effects. The study emphasizes the necessity of explicitly defining causal graphs and relationships, advocating for this as a general best practice. We encourage the continued exploration of causality in hybrid models for more interpretable and trustworthy results in knowledge-guided machine learning.
Regularity of the Siciak-Zaharjuta extremal function on compact Kähler manifolds
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc Cuong 
Published: June 2024

We prove that the regularity of the extremal function of a compact subset of a compact Kähler manifold is a local property, and that the continuity and Hölder continuity are equivalent to classical notions of the local

L
L

-regularity and the locally Hölder continuous property in pluripotential theory. As a consequence we give an effective characterization of the

(

C

α

,

C

α
′

)

(\mathscr {C}^\alpha , \mathscr {C}^{\alpha ’})

-regularity of compact sets, the notion introduced by Dinh, Ma and Nguyen [Ann. Sci. Éc. Norm. Supér. (4) 50 (2017), pp. 545–578]. Using this criterion all compact fat subanalytic sets in

R

n

\mathbb {R}^n

are shown to be regular in this sense.
Llarull type theorems on complete manifolds with positive scalar curvature
Authors: Hao Tianze , Shi Yuguang , Sun Yukai 
Published: June 2024

In this paper, without assuming that manifolds are spin, we prove that if a compact orientable, and connected Riemannian manifold

(

M

n

,
g
)

(M^{n},g)

with scalar curvature

R

g

≥
6

R_{g}\geq 6

admits a non-zero degree and

1
1

-Lipschitz map to

(

S

3

×

T

n
−
3

,

g

S

3

+

g

T

n
−
3

)

(\mathbb {S}^{3}\times \mathbb {T}^{n-3},g_{\mathbb {S}^{3}}+g_{\mathbb {T}^{n-3}})

, for

4
≤
n
≤
7

4\leq n\leq 7

, then

(

M

n

,
g
)

(M^{n},g)

is locally isometric to

S

3

×

T

n
−
3

\mathbb {S}^{3}\times \mathbb {T}^{n-3}

. Similar results are established for non-compact cases as

(

S

3

×

R

n
−
3

,

g

S

3

+

g

R

n
−
3

)

(\mathbb {S}^{3}\times \mathbb {R}^{n-3},g_{\mathbb {S}^{3}}+g_{\mathbb {R}^{n-3}})

being model spaces. We observe that the results differ significantly when

n
=
4

n=4

compared to

n
≥
5

n\geq 5

. Our results imply that the

ϵ
\epsilon

-gap length extremality of the standard

S

3

\mathbb {S}^3

is stable under the Riemannian product with

R

m

\mathbb {R}^m

,

1
≤
m
≤
4

1\leq m\leq 4

(see

D

3

D_{3}

. Question in Gromov’s paper [Foundations of mathematics and physics one century after Hilbert, Spring, Cham, 2018, p. 153]).
Frobenius-Poincaré function and Hilbert-Kunz multiplicity
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Alapan 
Published: June 2024

We generalize the notion of Hilbert-Kunz multiplicity of a graded triple

(
M
,
R
,
I
)

(M,R,I)

in characteristic

p
>
0

p>0

by proving that for any complex number

y
y

, the limit

lim

n
→
∞

(

1

p
n

)

dim
⁡
(
M
)

∑

j
=
−
∞

∞

λ

(
(

M

I

[

p
n

]

M

)
j

)

e

−
i
y
j

/

p
n

\begin{equation*} \underset {n \to \infty }{\lim }(\frac {1}{p^n})^{\operatorname {dim}(M)}\sum \limits _{j= -\infty }^{\infty }\lambda \left ( (\frac {M}{I^{[p^n]}M})_j\right )e^{-iyj/p^n} \end{equation*}

exists. We prove that the limiting function in the complex variable

y
y

is entire and name this function the Frobenius-Poincaré function. We establish various properties of Frobenius-Poincaré functions including its relation with the tight closure of the defining ideal

I
I

; and relate the study Frobenius-Poincaré functions to the behaviour of graded Betti numbers of

R

I

[

p
n

]

\frac {R}{I^{[p^n]}}

as

n
n

varies. Our description of Frobenius-Poincaré functions in dimension one and two and other examples raises questions on the structure of Frobenius-Poincaré functions in general.
A proof of the Lewis-Reiner-Stanton conjecture for the Borel subgroup
Authors: Ha Le Minh , Dang Ho Hai Nguyen , Van Nghia Nguyen 
Published: June 2024

For each parabolic subgroup

P

\mathrm {P}

of the general linear group

GL
n

⁡
(

F

q

)

\operatorname {GL}_n(\mathbb {F}_q)

, a conjecture due to Lewis, Reiner and Stanton [Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh Sect. A 147 (2017), pp. 831–873] predicts a formula for the Hilbert series of the space of invariants

Q

m

(
n

)

P

\mathcal {Q}_m(n)^\mathrm {P}

where

Q

m

(
n
)

\mathcal {Q}_m(n)

is the quotient ring

F

q

[

x
1

,
…
,

x
n

]

/

(

x
1

q
m

,
…
,

x
n

q
m

)

\mathbb {F}_q[x_1,\ldots ,x_n]/(x_1^{q^m},\ldots ,x_n^{q^m})

. In this paper, we prove the conjecture for the Borel subgroup

B

\mathrm {B}

by constructing a linear basis for

Q

m

(
n

)

B

\mathcal {Q}_m(n)^\mathrm {B}

. The construction is based on an operator

δ
\delta

which produces new invariants from old invariants of lower ranks. We also upgrade the conjecture of Lewis, Reiner and Stanton by proposing an explicit basis for the space of invariants for each parabolic subgroup.
Fiber-type prebiotics and gynecological and breast cancers risk: the PrebiotiCa study
Authors: Turati Federica , Esposito Giovanna , Concina Federica , Fiori Federica , Parpinel Maria , Parazzini Fabio , Crispo Anna , Negri Eva , Serraino Diego , La Vecchia Carlo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Prebiotics may influence the risk of hormone-related female cancers by modulating the gut microbiota involved in estrogen metabolism. We evaluated the association of fiber-type prebiotic intake with breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancers. Data derived from a network of Italian hospital-based case-control studies (1991-2006), including 2560 cases of cancer of the breast (n = 2588 control participants), 454 of the endometrium (n = 908 control participants), and 1031 of the ovary (n = 2411 control participants). Inulin-type fructans and selected fructo-oligosaccharides (namely, nystose, kestose, and 1F-β-fructofuranosylnystose) and galacto-oligosaccharides (namely, raffinose and stachyose) were quantified in food products via laboratory analyses. Prebiotic intake was estimated by multiplying intake according to food frequency questionnaire responses by the foods’ prebiotic content. Odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% CIs were derived by multiple logistic regression models. Nystose intake was marginally directly associated with breast (for quartile 4 vs quartile 1: OR = 1.20; 95% CI, 1.00-1.45), ovarian (OR = 1.39; 95% CI, 1.04-1.84), and endometrial (OR = 1.32; 95% CI, 0.85-2.03) cancer risk. High amounts of 1F-β-fructofuranosylnystose intake were inversely associated with ovarian cancer (OR = 0.67; 95% CI, 0.52-0.85). Inulin-type fructans, kestose, raffinose, and stachyose were not associated with the 3 cancers. The intake of most fiber-type prebiotics was not appreciably and consistently associated with breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancer risks.
This article is part of a Special Collection on Gynecological Cancer.
Population attributable fraction of total stroke associated with modifiable risk factors in the United States
Authors: Lee Mark , Lakshminarayan Kamakshi , Sedaghat Sanaz , Sabayan Behnam , Chen Lin Yee , Johansen Michelle C , Gottesman Rebecca F , Heckbert Susan R , Misialek Jeffrey R , Szklo Moyses , Lutsey Pamela L 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of death in the United States across all race/ethnicity and sex groups, though disparities exist. We investigated the potential for primary prevention of total first stroke for Americans aged 20 years or older, stratified by sex and race/ethnicity. Specifically, we calculated population attributable fractions (PAFs) of first stroke for 7 potentially modifiable risk factors: smoking, physical inactivity, poor diet, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and atrial fibrillation. Population attributable fractions are a function of (1) the relative risk of first stroke for people with the exposure and (2) the prevalence of the risk factor in the population. Relative risks came from recent meta-analyses, and sex- and race/ethnicity–specific prevalence estimates came from the 2015-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey or Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (for atrial fibrillation only). Approximately one-third of strokes (35.7% [95% CI, 21.6-49.0] for women; 32.7% [95% CI, 19.2-45.1] for men) were attributable to the 7 risk factors we considered. A 20% proportional reduction in stroke risk factors would result in approximately 37 000 fewer strokes annually in the United States. The estimated PAF was highest for non-Hispanic Black women (39.3%; 95% CI, 24.8-52.3) and lowest for non-Hispanic Asian men (25.5%; 95% CI, 14.6-36.2). For most groups, obesity and hypertension were the largest contributors to stroke rates.
Please Walk on This: Gutai and the Emergence of Walkable Art
Authors: Tymkiw Michael 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This essay traces the emergence of ‘walkable art’, a term used to describe works of fine art made to be walked on by audiences. Focusing on the two earliest examples of such works, created respectively by Gutai artists Shōzō Shimamoto and Akira Kanayama in 1955 and 1956, it argues that the rise of walkable art evinced an attempt to mediate the reconstruction of human subjectivity in postwar Japan through a close engagement with bipedalism. By offering a new model for conceptualising a spectator’s relationship to ground-based works, the category of walkable art that emerged in mid-1950s Japan challenges canonical, Euroamerican-centric narratives of horizontality. It also attests to the expanded interest among postwar artists from the Americas, Asia and Europe in using the ground to develop new approaches for displaying and experiencing art.
DEAttentionDTA: protein–ligand binding affinity prediction based on dynamic embedding and self-attention
Authors: Chen Xiying , Huang Jinsha , Shen Tianqiao , Zhang Houjin , Xu Li , Yang Min , Xie Xiaoman , Yan Yunjun , Yan Jinyong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Predicting protein–ligand binding affinity is crucial in new drug discovery and development. However, most existing models rely on acquiring 3D structures of elusive proteins. Combining amino acid sequences with ligand sequences and better highlighting active sites are also significant challenges.

Results
We propose an innovative neural network model called DEAttentionDTA, based on dynamic word embeddings and a self-attention mechanism, for predicting protein–ligand binding affinity. DEAttentionDTA takes the 1D sequence information of proteins as input, including the global sequence features of amino acids, local features of the active pocket site, and linear representation information of the ligand molecule in the SMILE format. These three linear sequences are fed into a dynamic word-embedding layer based on a 1D convolutional neural network for embedding encoding and are correlated through a self-attention mechanism. The output affinity prediction values are generated using a linear layer. We compared DEAttentionDTA with various mainstream tools and achieved significantly superior results on the same dataset. We then assessed the performance of this model in the p38 protein family.

Availability and implementation
The resource codes are available at https://github.com/whatamazing1/DEAttentionDTA.
Approximation algorithms for maximum weighted internal spanning trees in regular graphs and subdivisions of graphs
Authors: Hakim Sheikh Azizul , Nishat Rahnuma Islam , Rahman Md Saidur 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Let $G$ be a vertex-weighted connected graph of $n$ vertices and let $T$ be a spanning tree of $G$. We call $T$ a maximum weighted internal spanning tree of $G$ if the sum of the weights of the internal vertices of $T$ is the maximum over all spanning trees of $G$. The maximum weighted internal spanning tree (MaxwIST) problem asks to find such a spanning tree $T$ of $G$. The problem is NP-hard. We give an $O(dn)$ time approximation algorithm for $d$-regular graphs of $n=|V|$ vertices that computes a spanning tree with total weight of the internal vertices is at least $\frac{\beta _{d}}{\beta _{d} +d-2} - \epsilon $ of the total weight of all the vertices of the graph for any $\epsilon&gt;0$, where $\beta _{d} = (d-1)H_{d-1}$, and $H_{d-1} = \sum _{i=1}^{d-1} i^{-1}$ is the $(d-1)$th harmonic number. For every $d \geq 3$ and $n_{0} \geq 1$, we show the construction of a $d$-regular graph of at least $n_{0}$ vertices, such that for any of its spanning trees, $\frac{w(I)}{w(V)}\le \frac{d}{d+1}$ holds. We give an $O(dn)$ time approximation algorithm for subdivisions of $d$-regular graphs, where the ratio of the internal weight of the spanning tree with the total vertex weight of the graph is at least $\frac{d-1}{2d-3} - \epsilon $ for $\epsilon&gt;0$. We extend our study to $x$-subdivisions of Hamiltonian and hypoHamiltonian graphs, where each edge of the original Hamiltonian or hypoHamiltonian graph has been subdivided at least $x$ times. For those two graph classes, we show that there exists a spanning tree with internal vertex weight at least $1-\frac{2}{x-1}$ of the total vertex weight of the graph. Furthermore, we give $O(n)$ time algorithm for $x$-subdivisions of biconnected outerplanar graphs and $4$-connected planar graphs to achieve the above bound.
Novel metagenomics analysis of stony coral tissue loss disease
Authors: Heinz Jakob M , Lu Jennifer , Huebner Lindsay K , Salzberg Steven L , Sommer Markus , Rosales Stephanie M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) has devastated coral reefs off the coast of Florida and continues to spread throughout the Caribbean. Although a number of bacterial taxa have consistently been associated with SCTLD, no pathogen has been definitively implicated in the etiology of SCTLD. Previous studies have predominantly focused on the prokaryotic community through 16S rRNA sequencing of healthy and affected tissues. Here, we provide a different analytical approach by applying a bioinformatics pipeline to publicly available metagenomic sequencing samples of SCTLD lesions and healthy tissues from 4 stony coral species. To compensate for the lack of coral reference genomes, we used data from apparently healthy coral samples to approximate a host genome and healthy microbiome reference. These reads were then used as a reference to which we matched and removed reads from diseased lesion tissue samples, and the remaining reads associated only with disease lesions were taxonomically classified at the DNA and protein levels. For DNA classifications, we used a pathogen identification protocol originally designed to identify pathogens in human tissue samples, and for protein classifications, we used a fast protein sequence aligner. To assess the utility of our pipeline, a species-level analysis of a candidate genus, Vibrio, was used to demonstrate the pipeline's effectiveness. Our approach revealed both complementary and unique coral microbiome members compared with a prior metagenome analysis of the same dataset.
Stem lodging Resistance-1 controls stem strength by positively regulating the biosynthesis of cell wall components in Capsicum annuum L.
Authors: Li Qing , Fu Canfang , Yang Bozhi , Yu Huiyang , He Huan , Xu Qing , Miao Wu , Liu Rongyun , Chen Wenchao , Zhang Zhuqing , Zou Xuexiao , Hu Bowen , Ou Lijun 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Lodging presents a significant challenge in cultivating high-yield crops with extensive above-ground biomass, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon in the Solanaceae family remain largely unexplored. In this study, we identified a gene, CaSLR1 (Capsicum annuum Stem Lodging Resistance 1), which encodes a MYELOBLASTOSIS (MYB) family transcription factor, from a lodging-affected C. annuum EMS mutant. The suppression of CaSLR1 expression in pepper led to notable stem lodging, reduced thickness of the secondary cell wall, and decreased stem strength. A similar phenotype was observed in tomato with the knockdown of SlMYB61, the orthologous gene to CaSLR1. Further investigations demonstrated that CaNAC6, a gene involved in secondary cell wall (SCW) formation, is co-expressed with CaSLR1 and acts as a positive regulator of its expression, as confirmed through yeast one-hybrid, dual-luciferase reporter assays, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays. These findings elucidate the CaNAC6-CaSLR1 module that contributes to lodging resistance, emphasizing the critical role of CaSLR1 in the lodging resistance regulatory network.
Advances in understanding the graft healing mechanism: a review of factors and regulatory pathways
Authors: Wang Lixian , Liao Yangmei , Liu Jiming , Zhao Tianyun , Jia Liming , Chen Zhong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Grafting is a widely used technique for asexual plant reproduction, especially in agriculture and forestry. This procedure is used to shorten the seedling period, improve the structure of scion branches, and help plants adapt to difficult environments. Although grafting has numerous benefits, several obstacles remain to be overcome. The connection between scion and rootstock is regulated by various factors, including phytohormones and molecular mechanisms, which are crucial for graft healing. This review provides an overview of recent advances in the field of grafting, with a specific focus on the factors and regulatory pathways that influence graft healing. The ultimate goal is to aid understanding of how to achieve successful grafting between plants and create desirable grafting chimeras. We provide an overview of the latest developments in plant grafting, covering aspects related to morphology, physiology, and molecular biology. We also discuss research directions in polyploid breeding and long-distance transfer of small molecules in grafted plants.
Imaginary Quadratic Fields With ℓ-Torsion-Free Class Groups and Specified Split Primes
Authors: Beckwith Olivia , Raum Martin , Richter Olav K 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Given an odd prime $\ell $ and finite set of odd primes $S_{+}$, we prove the existence of an imaginary quadratic field whose class number is indivisible by $\ell $ and which splits at every prime in $S_{+}$. Notably, we do not require that $p \not \equiv -1 \,\;(\mathrm{mod}\, \ell )$ for any of the split primes $p$ that we impose. Our theorem is in the spirit of a result by Wiles, but we introduce a new method. It relies on a significant improvement of our earlier work on the classification of non-holomorphic Ramanujan-type congruences for Hurwitz class numbers.
Enrichment of different taxa of the enigmatic candidate phyla radiation bacteria using a novel picolitre droplet technique
Authors: Man DeDe Kwun Wai , Hermans Syrie M , Taubert Martin , Garcia Sarahi L , Hengoju Sundar , Küsel Kirsten , Rosenbaum Miriam A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The candidate phyla radiation (CPR) represents a distinct monophyletic clade and constitutes a major portion of the tree of life. Extensive efforts have focused on deciphering the functional diversity of its members, primarily using sequencing-based techniques. However, cultivation success remains scarce, presenting a significant challenge, particularly in CPR-dominated groundwater microbiomes characterized by low biomass. Here, we employ an advanced high-throughput droplet microfluidics technique to enrich CPR taxa from groundwater. Utilizing a low-volume filtration approach, we successfully harvested a microbiome resembling the original groundwater microbial community. We assessed CPR enrichment in droplet and aqueous bulk cultivation for 30 days using a novel CPR-specific primer to rapidly track the CPR fraction through the cultivation attempts. The combination of soil extract and microbial-derived necromass provided the most supportive conditions for CPR enrichment. Employing these supplemented conditions, droplet cultivation proved superior to bulk cultivation, resulting in up to a 13-fold CPR enrichment compared to a 1- to 2-fold increase in bulk cultivation. Amplicon sequencing revealed 10 significantly enriched CPR orders. The highest enrichment in CPRs was observed for some unknown members of the Parcubacteria order, Cand. Jorgensenbacteria, and unclassified UBA9983. Furthermore, we identified co-enriched putative host taxa, which may guide more targeted CPR isolation approaches in subsequent investigations.