bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TaqMan assays for the genetic identification of delta smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus) and wakasagi smelt (Hypomesus nipponensis)
Authors: BAERWALD MELINDA R. , SCHUMER GREGG , SCHREIER BRIAN M. , MAY BERNIE 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe have developed species‐specific TaqMan assays for two California fish species, the threatened delta smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus) and the introduced wakasagi smelt (Hypomesus nipponensis). The assays are capable of correctly identifying each species with 100% accuracy, with no cross‐species amplification. We anticipate these assays will prove useful for future scientific studies requiring genetic species identification (e.g. predation of smelt) or monitoring (e.g. detection of delta smelt near water diversions).
Desmoplastic small round cell tumor of the pleura
Authors: Ouarssani Aziz , Atoini Fouad , Ait Lhou Fatima , Rguibi Idrissi Mustapha 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn July 2006 a 19‐year‐old woman presented with a history of few months of back ache. Routine chest radiograph and computed tomography (CT) examination revealed a thickening of the parietal pleura with a collapsed right lung. The abdominal pelvic CT scan was normal. Thoracotomy was performed with decortication lung, parietal pleurectomy and pleural biopsy. The histological examination and immunohistochemical coexpression of cytokeratin AE1–AE3, vimentin and desmin confirmed the diagnosis of desmoplastic small round cell tumor of the pleura. After resection, the patient received radiotherapy and chemotherapy with doxorubicin, ifosfamide, etoposide and cisplatin in six cycles which resulted in complete remission. The patient was seen regularly in consultation; the last examination was in December 2010 and clinically and radiologically showed a stable condition. The whole follow‐up period was 53 months. We thought this case to be worth presentation because of the unusually long survival, which is probably due to the aggressive complex anticancer treatment.
Tracking large carnivore dispersal using isotopic clues in claws: an application to cougars across the Great Plains
Authors: Hénaux Viviane , Powell Larkin A. , Hobson Keith A. , Nielsen Clayton K. , LaRue Michelle A. 
Published: March 2011

Summary1. Cougar (Puma concolor) populations, like other large carnivores, have increased during recent decades and may be recolonizing their former ranges in Midwestern North America. The dispersal routes taken by these animals from established populations are unknown and insight into these movements would facilitate their conservation and management.2. We inferred the origin and migration route of four dispersing cougars using stable hydrogen (δD) and carbon (δ13C) isotope values along one of their claws. We compared isotopic variations within claws to regional and large‐scale isoscapes of δD and δ13C values in prey species. Using a likelihood‐based assignment approach, we predicted the most likely dispersal route of each cougar (among several least‐cost dispersal paths to potential source populations) in a chronological sequence dating back from its final location.3. Our model predicted the origin of a radio‐collared short‐distance disperser and inferences about the most likely dispersal corridors for two long‐distance dispersers matched reported information from re‐sighting events and genetic investigations.4. Insights about the most likely migration corridors may help identify critical areas and guide future conservation efforts of cougars and other large carnivores. We encourage managers to extend regional isoscapes based on sedentary prey species as they prove to be valuable tools in isotopic tracking of long‐distance migration.5. Our isotopic approach may be extended to other metabolically inert tissues that grow continuously, to investigate dispersal paths of species of interest, providing that individuals disperse across known isotopically structured landscapes.
Anxiety, alcohol intoxication, and aggression
Authors: McMurran Mary 
Published: March 2011

Purpose. Research into alcohol‐related aggression has typically focused on perpetrators’ externalizing characteristics. The purpose of this exploratory review is to examine the contribution of anxiety to alcohol‐related aggression. Arguments. Anxiety disorders are associated with externalizing disorders in childhood, but anxiety appears to protect against extreme antisocial behaviours. In contrast, in adolescence and early adulthood, anxiety appears to be associated with increased risk of antisocial behaviour. One possible explanation for this disjunction may be alcohol use, which typically starts in adolescence. Alcohol is an anxiolytic drug, which may appeal to certain young people who are socially anxious but not socially avoidant. Alcohol myopia, the cognitive mechanism whereby alcohol exerts an anxiolytic effect, is also a mechanism by which alcohol serves to increase aggression. Therefore, in anxious antisocial people, drinking to cope with anxiety is likely to increase aggression. Conclusions. Interventions that flow from the research on anxiety, alcohol, and aggression are suggested.
Nonconvex prior image constrained compressed sensing (NCPICCS): Theory and simulations on perfusion CT
Authors: Ramirez‐Giraldo J. C. , Trzasko J. , Leng S. , Yu L. , Manduca A. , McCollough C. H. 
Published: March 2011

Purpose:To present and evaluate a new image reconstruction method for dynamic CT based on a nonconvex prior image constrained compressed sensing (NCPICCS) algorithm. The authors systematically compared the undersampling potential, functional information recovery, and solution convergence speed of four compressed sensing (CS) based image reconstruction methods using perfusion CT data: Standard ‐based CS, nonconvex CS (NCCS), and ‐based and nonconvex CS, including an additional constraint based on a prior image (PICCS and NCPICCS, respectively).Methods:The Shepp–Logan phantom was modified such that its uppermost ellipses changed attenuation through time, simulating both an arterial input function (AIF) and a homogeneous tissue perfusion region. Data were simulated with and without Poisson noise added to the projection data and subsequently reconstructed with all four CS‐based methods at four levels of undersampling: 20, 12, 6, and 4 projections. Root mean squared (RMS) error of reconstructed images and recovered time attenuation curves (TACs) were assessed as well as convergence speed. The performance of both PICCS and NCPICCS methods were also evaluated using a kidney perfusion animal experiment data set.Results:All four CS‐based methods were able to reconstruct the phantoms with 20 projections, with similar results on the RMS error of the recovered TACs. NCCS allowed accurate reconstructions with as few as 12 projections, PICCS with as few as six projections, and NCPICCS with as few as four projections. These results were consistent for noise‐free and noisy data. NCPICCS required the fewest iterations to converge across all simulation conditions, followed by PICCS, NCCS, and then CS. On animal data, at the lowest level of undersampling tested (16 projections), the image quality of NCPICCS was better than PICCS with fewer streaking artifacts, while the TAC accuracy on the selected region of interest was comparable.Conclusions:The authors have presented a novel method for image reconstruction using highly undersampled dynamic CT data. The NCPICCS method takes advantage of the information provided by a prior image, as in PICCS, but employs a more general nonconvex sparsity measure [such as the ‐norm ] rather than the conventional convex ‐norm. Despite the lack of guarantees of a globally optimal solution, the proposed nonconvex extension of PICCS consistently allowed for image reconstruction from fewer samples than the analogous ‐based PICCS method. Both nonconvex sparsity measures as well as prior image information (when available) significantly reduced the number of iterations required for convergence, potentially providing computational advantages for practical implementation of CS‐based image reconstruction techniques.
Technical Note: Removing the stem effect when performing Ir‐192 HDR brachytherapy in vivo dosimetry using plastic scintillation detectors: A relevant and necessary step
Authors: Therriault‐Proulx Francois , Beddar Sam , Briere Tina M. , Archambault Louis , Beaulieu Luc 
Published: March 2011

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to investigate whether or not a stem effect removal technique is necessary when performing Ir‐192 HDR brachytherapyin vivo dosimetry using a scintillation detector.Methods:A red‐green‐blue photodiode connected to a multichannel electrometer was used to detect the light emitted from a plastic scintillation detector (PSD) during irradiation with an Ir‐192 HDR brachytherapy source. Accuracy in dose measurement was compared with and without the use of stem effect removal techniques. Monochromatic and polychromatic filtration techniques were studied. An in‐house template was built for accurate positioning of catheters in which the source and the PSD were inserted. Dose distribution was measured up to 5 cm from source to detector in the radial and longitudinal directions.Results:The authors found the stem effect to be particularly important when the source was close to the optical fiber guide and far from the scintillation component of the detector. It can account for up to of the signal under clinically relevant conditions. The polychromatic filtration outperformed the monochromatic filtration as well as the absence of filtration in regard to dose measurement accuracy.Conclusions:It is necessary to implement a stem effect removal technique when building a PSD forin vivo dosimetry during Ir‐192 HDR brachytherapy. The PSD that the authors have developed for this study would be suitable for such an application.
The characterization of breast anatomical metrics using dedicated breast CT
Authors: Huang Shih‐Ying , Boone John M. , Yang Kai , Packard Nathan J. , McKenney Sarah E. , Prionas Nicolas D. , Lindfors Karen K. , Yaffe Martin J. 
Published: March 2011

Purpose:Accurate anatomical characterization of the breast is useful in breast phantom development and computer modeling of breast imaging technologies. Capitalizing on the three‐dimensional capabilities of dedicated breast CT (bCT), a number of parameters which describe breast shape and fibroglandular distribution are defined.Methods:Among 219 bCT data sets, the effective diameter and length of the pendant breast as well as the breast volume were measured and characterized for each bra cup size. The volume glandular fraction (VGF) was determined as a function of patient age, BIRADS density, bra cup size, and breast diameter. The glandular fraction was examined in coronal and sagittal planes of the breast, and the radial distribution of breast glandular fraction within a coronal bCT image was examined for three breast regions. The areal glandular fraction (AGF) was estimated from two‐dimensional projections of the breast (simulated by projecting bCT data sets) and was compared to the corresponding VGF.Results:The effective breast diameter and length increase with increasing bra cup size. The mean breast diameters (± standard error) of bra cup sizes A/AA, B, C, and D/DD were , , , and , respectively. VGF was lower among older women and those with larger breast diameter and larger bra cup size. VGF increased as a function of the reported BIRADS density. AGF increased with VGF. Fibroglandular tissue was distributed primarily in the central portion of the breast.Conclusions:Breast metrics were examined and a number of parameters were defined which may be useful for breast modeling. The reported data may provide researchers with useful information for characterizing the breast for various imaging or dosimetry tasks.
Impact of image grading in athletes with low-risk fracture – is there a benefit?
Authors: Dobrindt O , Hoffmeyer B , Ruf J , Steffen I G , Seidensticker M , Fischbach F , Lohmann C H , Amthauer H 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundStress fractures (SFX) are classified by localisation (low- and high-risk) and severity, which can be determined by imaging modalities (low- and high-grade).ObjectiveThe objective was to determine whether a combined analysis of risk-localisation and image-grading in SFX allows a more accurate prediction of return-to-sports-time (RTST).DesignRetrospective study. In a blinded read three independent specialists rated imaging-data (MRI and bone scintigraphy) as low- or high-grade SFX. SFX detection, risk-classification and RTST were determined by an interdisciplinary truth-panel providing a reference standard. Two-sided Wilcoxon's rank sum test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used for group comparisons.SettingPatients from an athlete boarding school, an Olympic training centre and from professional teams were included.Patients50 consecutive athletes (male, n=20; female, n=30; mean age, 23.6 years) with SFX receiving imaging were included (track, n=18; long distance running, n=16; handball, n=11; other, n=5). In all athletes follow-up data was complete until full recovery.InterventionsAll patients received standardised treatment with adaptation to sport and injury-site with special focus on safe return-to-full activity.Main outcome measurementsEstimation of RTST depending on risk-classification and image-based grading.ResultsIn our study 21/50 SFX at a high-risk localisation had a mean RTST of 135 days (d) compared to 119 d for low-risk sites (p=0.18). RTST was significantly longer (p=0.01) in imaging-based high-grade lesions (mean=143 d) than in low-grade SFX (mean=96 d). Analysis of only high-risk SFX showed no difference in RTST (p=0.58) for high- and low-grade SFX (mean, 131 d vs 140 d). In contrast the difference was significant for low-risk SFX (p=0.004; mean, low-grade=61 d vs high-grade=153 d).ConclusionIn low-risk SFX the significant difference in RTST between low- and high-grade lesions allow a more accurate estimation of the healing time needed. As a consequence, both risk localisation and image grading of SFX have to be considered for the prediction of RTST.
Rotator cuff strength weakness in recurrent anterior shoulder instability physiopathology
Authors: Edouard P , Beguin L , Farizon F , Calmels P 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundAlthough rotator cuff contractions play an important role in stabilizing the glenohumeral joint, little is known about the role of these muscles in physiopathological recurrent anterior instability.ObjectiveTo analyze the association between isokinetic internal rotator (IR) and external rotator (ER) muscle strength and glenohumeral joint instability in patients with nonoperated recurrent anterior instability.DesignCase-control study.SettingDepartment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Laboratory setting.Participants48 subjects participated: 37 patients (25±8 yr, 179±6 cm, 74±9 kg) and 11 healthy nonathletic subjects (24±1 yr, 178±5 cm, 70±9 kg).InterventionsER and IR strength of 37 patients with unilateral recurrent anterior post-traumatic shoulder dislocation were compared with those of 11 healthy nonathletic subjects. Isokinetic shoulder IR and ER strength was evaluated with a Con-Trex dynamometer, in the seated position with 45° of shoulder abduction in the scapular plane. Tests were performed at 180°/s, 120°/s and 60°/s in concentric mode for both sides.Main outcome measurementsPeak torque normalised to body weight for IR and ER and ER/IR ratio were calculated for each angular velocity. The association between IR and ER strength and shoulder instability was analyzed by side-to-side comparisons and comparisons to the control group.ResultsThe association between shoulder instability and IR and ER strength was associated with side-to-side differences (p<0.05). By comparisons to a control group, strength values were lower on the pathological shoulder side than on the healthy homolateral shoulder side of controls at 180°/s and 120°/s (p<0.05). The side-to-side differences were increased when the nondominant side was involved and were decreased when dominant side was involved. We found no association between glenohumeral joint instability and ER/IR ratio.ConclusionIR and ER strength weakness was associated with recurrent anterior instability and side-to-side differences depended on the dominance of the side involved.
Reliability of video-based muscle flexibility measures in adolescent athletes
Authors: Fourchet F , Buchheit M , Materne O , Horobeanu C , Hudacek T , Sebo D , Millet G P 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundLower limbs muscle flexibility remains a common assessment in sports therapy. Nevertheless no clear consensus exists about the methods for performing reliable measurements.ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to examine the reliability of muscle flexibility measures in adolescent athletes.DesignRandomised test-retest study.SettingSports academy physiotherapy laboratory.ParticipantsHeight young athletes (age: 15.1±1.6, body mass: 65.4±26.2 kg, height: 171.7±8.8 cm) training in a national sports centre.InterventionsFlexibility of the main lower limb muscles was assessed, using a standardised force of stretching for each muscle and a video analysis software for measuring the angles. Each participant was tested on both sides by three operators and on two separate occasions, 4 days apart. Final measurements were reported in degrees.Main outcome measurementsReliability of flexibility measures was assessed by 1) calculating the between-day difference expressed as Cohen's d (90% CI), no substantial difference was considered if Cohen's d<0.2 and the 90% CI included zero, and 2) the typical error of measurement, expressed as a coefficient of variation (CV, 90% CI).ResultsForce of stretching (in N), mean angle (SD), mean between-day difference and CV were 78.5, 132.2 (10.1), −0.05 (−0.3;0.2) and 8.3% (7.5;9.3) for quadriceps, 68.7, 70 (11.2), −0.7 (−1.7;0.4) and 3.3% (3.0;3.7) for hamstrings, 39.2, 53.5 (9.4), 0.05 (−0.2;0.3) and 7.2% (6.5–8.0) for adductors, 147.2, 16 (6.3), 0.10 (−0.1;0.3) and 5.7% (5.1;6.3) for gastrocnemius, 147.2, 30.6 (8.9), 0.01 (−0.2;0.2) and 4.5% (4.0;5.0) for soleus, 98.1, 22.7 (5.9), 0.01 (−0.2;0.2) and 2.6% (2.3;2.9) for hip flexors, 49.1, 54.7 (14.5), −0.04 (−0.2;0.2) and 9.6% (8.6;10.8) for hip medial rotator and 49.1, 43.5 (14.9), −0.08 (−0.3;0.1) and 18.2% (16.3;20.5) for hip lateral rotator.ConclusionThe present method for assessing lower limb muscles flexibility has a moderate-to-good level reliability and may integrate prevention programs.
Influence of practice characteristics on injury risk in young athletes
Authors: Frisch A , Urhausen A , Seil R , Windal T , Agostinis H , Croisier J L , Theisen D 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundPrior research has identified athlete-related risk factors associated with increased sports injury rate. Practice characteristics of young athletes have never been investigated in this respect.ObjectiveTo assess the injury problem in a multi-sport setting of young athletes and to determine practice-related risk factors.DesignProspective epidemiological study.SettingFollow-up of young athletes of a Luxembourgish sport school from September 2008 to July 2009 (42 weeks).Participants190 athletes (14.9 ± 1.6 years) (65% boys) from 16 different sport disciplines.Assessment of risk factorsPractice-related characteristics (context, volume, frequency and subjective intensity).Main outcome measurementsData pertaining to training and competition were recorded daily for each athlete. Standardised injury characteristics were registered. An injury was defined as an incident occurring during sport practice preventing the athlete to participate in at least one full training session or game.ResultsFrom the 190 athletes, 74% sustained at least one injury during the observation period. Injury rate was 1.65 injuries per athlete; injury incidence was 3.72 injuries/1000 h. The risk of injury was six times higher (CI95% (4.70–8.12)) in competition than in training (13.60 and 1.96 injuries/1000 h, respectively). Two thirds of the injuries were of intrinsic nature (27% progressive and 40% acute non-contact injuries). In team sports athletes having sustained at least one intrinsic injury had, compared to those with no intrinsic injury, a lower number of practice sessions per day (0.83 versus 0.89 sessions/day; p=0.023), a higher percentage of intense sessions (40 versus 30%; p=0.007), a higher number of intense sessions per day (0.33 versus 0.27 sessions/day; p=0.047) and a higher proportion of days with two intense sessions (5.7% versus 2.7%; p=0.007).ConclusionThe relationship between practice characteristics and sports injuries should be further studied and might point to interesting prevention initiatives, provided that sports practice can be monitored.
The relationship of lower extremity alignments and anterior knee laxity to knee translations during a vertical drop landing
Authors: Myers C A , Giphart J E , Torry M R , Shelburne K B , Woo S L Y , Steadman J R 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundLower extremity alignment (LEA) measures have been linked to non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. High deceleration movements have been implicated in non-contact ACL injury mechanisms; and, evidence suggests that greater anterior tibial translation (ATT) may occur in healthy knees that demonstrate greater laxity compared to a stiff knee.ObjectiveTo determine the relationship between LEA measures, KT1000 anterior laxity values and ATT during landings using biplane fluoroscopy.DesignDescriptive laboratory study.SettingControlled laboratory setting. Subjects had a sport participation history at the high school or college level.Participants16 healthy adults (10 females; 6 males).Assessment of risk factorsKT1000 values and seven measures of LEA (pelvic angle, hip anteversion, Q-angle, genu recurvatum, tibial torsion, navicular drop and rear foot angle) were measured.Main outcome measurementsSubjects performed a drop-landing (40 cm) while being filmed using a high speed, biplane fluoroscopy system. Initial, peak and excursions for ATT were calculated and regression analysis used to determine the relationships.ResultsKT1000 values were positively correlated with peak ATT values for group (r=0.89) and both genders (males, r=0.97; females, r=0.93) (p=<0.0001). Navicular drop was also significantly correlated to maximal ATT (r=0.56) (p<0.05). No other LEA was significantly correlated with initial, peak or range of ATT (all p>0.05).ConclusionA strong relationship was observed between passive anterior knee laxity measured via KT1000 and ATT experienced during a landing activity in otherwise healthy persons. Navicular drop was significantly correlated with ATT during landing and is a relationship that warrants further investigation as it relates to ACL injury. Anterior knee laxity measured via the KT1000 should be considered in non-contact ACL injury risk assessment for all athletes.