bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trace element chemistry and textures of quartz during the magmatic
hydrothermal transition of Oslo Rift granites
Authors: Larsen R. B. , Jacamon F. , Kronz A. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
This study documents the textures and chemical evolution of igneous quartz
(Qz) in granite from the Oslo Rift (Norway) during the magmatic-hydrothermal
transition. Contrary to the other major igneous phases, primary quartz is well
preserved. SEM-CL imaging documents four types of quartz (Qz1— Qz4). Qz1: bright
primary magmatic quartz that grew under H2O-undersaturated
conditions and developed a conspicuous sector zoning. Qz2: light grey luminescent
secondary quartz that surrounds Qz1 and altered Qz1 in a ‘non-destructive’
process. Qz3: is usually darker than Qz2 and intersects Qz1 and Qz2. It is formed
by dissolution/recrystallization processes involving saline deuteric fluids. Qz4:
found in narrow cracks and patches of black quartz intersecting all the other
types. EPMA in situ analyses of the different quartz
generations confirm that the intensity of luminescence of quartz is positively
correlated with the Ti content of the quartz. Aluminium and K are mostly
incorporated in quartz in the form of
[AlO4/K+]0
centre defects. In the Drammen granite, the Ti and Al contents of Qz1 averages 200
ppm and 80 ppm respectively. Titanium in Qz1 varies from 50 to 95 ppm in the
peralkaline granite known as ekerite, whereas Al is irregular and ranges between
100 ppm and values below the limit of detection (LODAl at 2σ
= 14 ppm). In all samples, Qz2 and Qz3 are strongly depleted in Ti and Al compared
to Qz1. Either the Ti content in Qz2 is falling gradually towards Qz1 or more
abruptly, whereas it is sharp from Qz3 towards Qz1 and Qz2. Potassium is variable
in all four quartz types and samples, and ranges from values below the detection
limit (LODk, at 2σ = 8 ppm) to 120 ppm. Grains in Qz4, being
only 1–2µm wide, could not be resolved with the EPMA beam. In all granites, quartz
crystallized from haplogranitic melts at P ~1.5 kbar
and T = 700—750°C. SEM-CL and EPMA studies of igneous
Oslo Rift quartz illustrate vividly the complex chemical and physical processes
that characterize the magmatic-hydrothermal transition in shallow granitic systems
and show that the chemistry of primary aqueous fluids is strongly modified from
its primary igneous composition before eventually being expelled from the granitic
system and perhaps incorporated in ore-forming hydrothermal convection
systems.
Dual targeting of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway as an antitumor strategy in Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
Authors: Roccaro Aldo M. , Sacco Antonio , Husu Emanuel N. , Pitsillides Costas , Vesole Steven , Azab Abdel Kareem , Azab Feda , Melhem Molly , Ngo Hai T. , Quang Phong , Maiso Patricia , Runnels Judith , Liang Mei-Chih , Wong Kwok-Kin , Lin Charles , Ghobrial Irene M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe have previously shown clinical activity of a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 inhibitor in Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM). However, 50% of patients did not respond to therapy. We therefore examined mechanisms of activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mTOR in WM, and mechanisms of overcoming resistance to therapy. We first demonstrated that primary WM cells show constitutive activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, supported by decreased expression of phosphate and tensin homolog tumor suppressor gene (PTEN) at the gene and protein levels, together with constitutive activation of Akt and mTOR. We illustrated that dual targeting of the PI3K/mTOR pathway by the novel inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 showed higher cytotoxicity on WM cells compared with inhibition of the PI3K or mTOR pathways alone. In addition, NVP-BEZ235 inhibited both rictor and raptor, thus abrogating the rictor-induced Akt phosphorylation. NVP-BEZ235 also induced significant cytotoxicity in WM cells in a caspase-dependent and -independent manner, through targeting the Forkhead box transcription factors. In addition, NVP-BEZ235 targeted WM cells in the context of bone marrow microenvironment, leading to significant inhibition of migration, adhesion in vitro, and homing in vivo. These studies therefore show that dual targeting of the PI3K/mTOR pathway is a better modality of targeted therapy for tumors that harbor activation of the PI3K/mTOR signaling cascade, such as WM.
Lung function and bronchodilator response in 4-year-old children with different wheezing phenotypes
Authors: Oostveen E. , Dom S. , Desager K. , Hagendorens M. , De Backer W. , Weyler J. 
Published: November 2009

Persistent wheeze is a common chronic disease in early childhood and later may progress to asthma. However, the association between pre- and post-bronchodilator lung function and the wheezing phenotype in preschool children is not known.Children 4 yrs of age involved in a prospective birth cohort study (in Antwerp, Belgium) concerning perinatal factors and the occurrence of asthma and allergies, were invited to participate in lung function measurements with the forced oscillation technique. The wheezing phenotype was assessedvia(bi)annual questionnaires.Wheezing phenotype and baseline respiratory impedance data were available for 325 children, 96% of whom underwent bronchodilation tests. The baseline resistance at 4 Hz was higher in children with early transient (11.0 hPa·s·L−1, n = 127) or persistent wheeze (11.9 hPa·s·L−1, n = 54) than in children who never wheezed (10.3 hPa·s·L−1, n = 144). After bronchodilation, the resistance decreased on average by 22%. The decrease was greater among the persistent wheezers than among those who never wheezed (3.4versus2.3 hPa·s·L−1).The baseline lung function was poorer and the bronchodilator response was greater in 4-yr-old children with persistent wheeze than in those who never wheeze or who had early transient wheeze, implying a higher bronchomotor tone in the former group.
Parental occupation is a risk factor for childhood wheeze and asthma
Authors: Tagiyeva N. , Devereux G. , Semple S. , Sherriff A. , Henderson J. , Elias P. , Ayres J. G. 
Published: November 2009

The present birth cohort study investigated whether or not childhood wheeze and asthma are associated with parental exposure to occupational sensitisers that cause asthma.Parental occupation, from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), was related to wheeze, asthma, ventilatory function, airway responsiveness and atopic sensitisation in children aged 0–102 months.Occupation was recorded for 11,193 mothers and 9,473 fathers antenatally, and for 4,631 mothers and 5,315 fathers post-natally. Childhood respiratory outcomes were not associated with parental occupational exposure to diisocyanates, glues/resins, dyes, animal dust, solder, enzymes and wood dust. Maternal post-natal occupational exposure to latex and/or biocides/fungicides increased the likelihood of childhood wheeze and asthma. High levels of latex or biocide/fungicide exposure were associated with an OR (95% CI) of 1.26 (1.07–1.50) and 1.22 (1.02–2.05), respectively, for wheezing up to 81 months. Combined maternal latex and biocide/fungicide exposure increased the likelihood of childhood wheeze (1.22 (1.03–1.43)) and asthma. High paternal occupational flour dust exposure was associated with an increased likelihood of wheeze after 30 months (2.31 (1.05–5.10)) and asthma by 91 months (3.23 (1.34–7.79)).Maternal occupational exposure to latex and/or biocides and paternal exposure to flour dust increases the risk of childhood asthma. Further studies in this area are justified.
Human airway smooth muscle is structurally and mechanically similar to that of other species
Authors: Chin L.Y.M. , Bossé Y. , Jiao Y. , Solomon D. , Hackett T.L. , Paré P.D. , Seow C.Y. 
Published: November 2009

Airway smooth muscle (ASM) plays a vital role in the exaggerated airway narrowing seen in asthma. However, whether asthmatic ASM is mechanically different from nonasthmatic ASM is unclear. Much of our current understanding about ASM mechanics comes from measurements made in other species. Limited data on human ASM mechanics prevents proper comparisons between healthy and asthmatic tissues, as well as human and animal tissues. In the current study, we sought to define the mechanical properties of healthy human ASM using tissue from intact lungs and compare these properties to measurements in other species.The mechanical properties measured included: maximal stress generation, force–length properties, the ability of the muscle to undergo length adaptation, the ability of the muscle to recover from an oscillatory strain, shortening velocity and maximal shortening. The ultrastructure of the cells was also examined.Healthy human ASM was found to be mechanically and ultrastructurally similar to that of other species. It is capable of undergoing length adaptation and responds to mechanical perturbation like ASM from other species. Force generation, shortening capacity and velocity were all similar to other mammalian ASM.These results suggest that human ASM shares similar contractile mechanisms with other animal species and provides an important dataset for comparisons with animal models of disease and asthmatic ASM.
Tiotropium reduction of lung inflammation in a model of chronic gastro-oesophageal reflux
Authors: Cui Y. , Devillier P. , Kuang X. , Wang H. , Zhu L. , Xu Z. , Xia Z. , Zemoura L. , Advenier C. , Chen H. 
Published: November 2009

Gastro-oesophageal reflux is frequent in chronic airway diseases and is considered a trigger for symptoms. In animal models, bilateral vagotomy or muscarinic antagonists prevent the increase in airway resistance and the microvascular leakage induced by acute oesophageal acid instillation.The present study investigates lung inflammation and remodelling in an animal model of chronic gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD), and the effectiveness of pretreatments with tiotropium, atropine and dexamethasone.Mice were exposed to twice-daily intra-oesophageal HCl instillations for 21 days. Exposure to HCl causes: marked infiltration by inflammatory cells of the airways and of peribronchial areas; an increase in epithelial thickness; histological features of interstitial pneumonitis; an increase in cell numbers and in the levels of interleukin-8; and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, as well as ofin vitrotracheal contractility. The administration of nebulised tiotropium or intraperitoneal atropine prior to each instillation of HCl, considerably inhibited all these changes.These results indicate a major role of acetylcholine in airway inflammation and remodelling in a GORD model, and demonstrate that tiotropium and atropine can prevent lung inflammation with an effectiveness similar to intraperitoneal dexamethasone, providing additional evidence that anticholinergics might contribute to the control of inflammatory processes in airway diseases.
Prediction of Adult Height Based on Automated Determination of Bone Age
Authors: Thodberg Hans Henrik , Jenni Oskar G. , Caflisch Jon , Ranke Michael B. , Martin David D. 
Published: November 2009

Context: Adult height prediction is a common procedure in pediatric endocrinology, but it is associated with a considerable variability and bias from the bone age rating.Objective: A new method for adult height prediction is presented, based on automated bone age determination.Method: The method predicts the fraction of height left to grow from age and BoneXpert bone age. This is refined by drawing the prediction toward the population mean, or alternatively toward the height predicted from the parents’ heights. Boys’ body mass index and girls’ height at menarche can be included optionally as predictors.Participants: A total of 231 normal children from the First Zurich Longitudinal Study (1ZLS) were followed from age 5 until cessation of growth with annual x-rays of the left hand. A total of 198 normal children from the Third Zurich Longitudinal Study were used for validation.Results: The root mean square error of adult height prediction (Tanner-Whitehouse 3 method in parentheses considered as standard for accuracy) on the 1ZLS was 3.3 cm (3.5 cm) for boys aged 10–15 yr and 2.7 cm (3.1 cm; P &lt; 0.005 for difference to Tanner-Whitehouse 3) for girls aged 8–13 yr. High body mass index before puberty negatively affected adult height of boys, independent of bone age.Conclusions: With the new method, adult height prediction has become objective because the dependence on manual bone age rating is eliminated. The method is well-suited to analyze large studies and provide a consistent body of evidence regarding the relation between maturation, body mass, and growth across populations, conditions, and ethnicities.
Dynamic Pricing with a Prior on Market Response
Authors: Farias Vivek F. , Van Roy Benjamin 
Published: November 2009

We study a problem of dynamic pricing faced by a vendor with limited inventory, uncertain about demand, and aiming to maximize expected discounted revenue over an infinite time horizon. The vendor learns from purchase data, so his strategy must take into account the impact of price on both revenue and future observations. We focus on a model in which customers arrive according to a Poisson process of uncertain rate, each with an independent, identically distributed reservation price. Upon arrival, a customer purchases a unit of inventory if and only if his reservation price equals or exceeds the vendor's prevailing price.We propose a simple heuristic approach to pricing in this context, which we refer to as decay balancing. Computational results demonstrate that decay balancing offers significant revenue gains over recently studied certainty equivalent and greedy heuristics. We also establish that changes in inventory and uncertainty in the arrival rate bear appropriate directional impacts on decay balancing prices in contrast to these alternatives, and we derive worst-case bounds on performance loss. We extend the three aforementioned heuristics to address a model involving multiple customer segments and stores, and provide experimental results demonstrating similar relative merits in this context.
Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction and Diabetes
Authors: Whitebird Robin R. , Kreitzer Mary Jo , O'Connor Patrick J. 
Published: November 2009

In Brief
Diabetes poses a major life stress that requires considerable physical, emotional, and psychological accommodation and coping. Mind-body therapies have drawn significant interest for their potential to assist in managing stress and adaptation to chronic illness. This review highlights the literature and research on Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction to improve the health and well-being of individuals with diabetes.
Luminescent properties and the morphology of SrMoO4:Eu3+ powders synthesized via combining sol-gel and solid-state route
Authors: Wei Qiong , Chen Donghua 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
SrMoO4:Eu3+ red phosphors were prepared by combining sol-gel and solid-state route. Citric acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), employed as the chelating agents, were added to the aqueous solutions of metal nitrates. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and photoluminescent spectra techniques (PL) were used to characterize the resultant powders. The results indicated the obtained SrMoO4:Eu3+ phosphors were fine powders with a particle size of 50 nm. The effects of synthesizing conditions were also investigated and optimized, which included the synthesis temperature and the activator concentration on the luminescent intensity. Compared with SrMoO4:Eu3+ phosphors prepared by Solid-state reaction SrMoO4:Eu3+ phosphors prepared by combining sol-gel and solid-state route showed appropriate particle size and a higher emission intensity.
Novel Patterns of Functional Electrical Stimulation Have an Immediate Effect on Dorsiflexor Muscle Function During Gait for People Poststroke
Authors: Kesar Trisha M. , Perumal Ramu , Jancosko Angela , Reisman Darcy S. , Rudolph Katherine S. , Higginson Jill S. , Binder-Macleod Stuart A. 
Published: November 2009

BackgroundFoot drop is a common gait impairment after stroke. Functional electrical stimulation (FES) of the ankle dorsiflexor muscles during the swing phase of gait can help correct foot drop. Compared with constant-frequency trains (CFTs), which typically are used during FES, novel stimulation patterns called variable-frequency trains (VFTs) have been shown to enhance isometric and nonisometric muscle performance. However, VFTs have never been used for FES during gait.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to compare knee and ankle kinematics during the swing phase of gait when FES was delivered to the ankle dorsiflexor muscles using VFTs versus CFTs.DesignA repeated-measures design was used in this study.ParticipantsThirteen individuals with hemiparesis following stroke (9 men, 4 women; age=46–72 years) participated in the study.MethodsParticipants completed 20- to 40-second bouts of walking at their self-selected walking speeds. Three walking conditions were compared: walking without FES, walking with dorsiflexor muscle FES using CFTs, and walking with dorsiflexor FES using VFTs.ResultsFunctional electrical stimulation using both CFTs and VFTs improved ankle dorsiflexion angles during the swing phase of gait compared with walking without FES (X̅±SE=−2.9°±1.2°). Greater ankle dorsiflexion in the swing phase was generated during walking with FES using VFTs (X̅±SE=2.1°±1.5°) versus CFTs (X̅±SE=0.3±1.3°). Surprisingly, dorsiflexor FES resulted in reduced knee flexion during the swing phase and reduced ankle plantar flexion at toe-off.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that novel FES systems capable of delivering VFTs during gait can produce enhanced correction of foot drop compared with traditional FES systems that deliver CFTs. The results also suggest that the timing of delivery of FES during gait is critical and merits further investigation.
Endoscopic endonasal repair of anterior skull base non-traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leaks, meningoceles, and encephaloceles
Authors: Nyquist Gurston G. , Anand Vijay K. , Mehra Saral , Kacker Ashutosh , Schwartz Theodore H. 
Published: November 2009

Object
The endoscopic endonasal approach has become the preferred technique for CSF leak and encephalocele repair of the anterior skull base. The purpose of this study is to identify patient characteristics; review adjunctive perioperative treatments, reconstruction techniques, and outcomes; and identify risk factors for failure in patients undergoing endoscopic endonasal repair of anterior skull base CSF leaks and encephaloceles.

Methods
This is a prospective observational study of patients undergoing endoscopic endonasal repair of a CSF leak between October 2004 and May 2009. Twenty-eight consecutive patients underwent 32 procedures. Twenty-two of the patients were women, which represents a statistically significant trend toward the female sex (p < 0.05). The average body mass index (33.9) was significant for obesity. The origin of the skull base defect included the cribriform plate (in 9 cases), fovea ethmoidalis (in 7), combined fovea ethmoidalis/cribriform plate (in 2), lateral sphenoid sinus (in 6), sella (in 4), clivus (in 3), and frontal sinus (in 1).

Results
The overall endonasal closure rate was 93.8% (30 of 32 procedures). One failure occurred due to overaggressive postoperative debridement, while the other recurred along the posterior wall of the frontal sinus, and endoscopic repair would have occluded the recess.

Conclusions
The endoscopic endonasal approach for the treatment of CSF leaks and encephaloceles of the anterior skull base is the preferred method of repair in the vast majority of cases. The authors' 93.8% closure rate in a variety of anatomical locations compares favorably with the transcranial approach and echoes the results of other endoscopic series.
The endoscopic, endonasal, transmaxillary transpterygoid approach to the pterygopalatine fossa, infratemporal fossa, petrous apex, and the Meckel cave
Authors: Hofstetter Christoph P. , Singh Ameet , Anand Vijay K. , Kacker Ashutosh , Schwartz Theodore H. 
Published: November 2009

Object
In this paper the authors' goal was to present their clinical experience with lesions of the pterygopalatine fossa, infratemporal fossa, lateral sphenoid sinus, cavernous sinus, petrous apex, and Meckel cave using simple and extended endoscopic transpterygoid approaches to the lateral skull base.

Methods
Simple and expanded endoscopic transpterygoid approaches were performed in a series of 13 patients with varying pathology that included lateral sphenoid sinus encephaloceles, benign and malignant sinonasal tumors, and lesions of neural origin.

Results
A gross-total resection was achieved in 5 of 9 patients, while a subtotal resection for tissue diagnosis and cytoreduction prior to further adjuvant treatment was performed in the remaining patients. Sphenoid sinus encephaloceles were successfully repaired via a transpterygoid approach in all 4 patients. The skull base defect was reconstructed using a multilayered closure. One patient developed a postoperative CSF leak, which was successfully treated conservatively. The mean follow-up time was 16 months. Five patients complained of recurrent sinusitis. One patient experienced xerophthalmia and palate numbness. Three patients had died by the time of this report. Two patients died of unrelated causes. The third patient died of progression of an aggressive pterygopalatine osteosarcoma despite undergoing cytoreductive surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy.

Conclusions
An endoscopic transpterygoid approach is a minimally invasive endoscopic approach for lesions located or extending to the pterygopalatine fossa, infratemporal fossa, petrous apex, Meckel cave, and other regions of the paramedian skull base.