bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A taxonomy of endpoint vulnerabilities and affected blockchain architecture layers
Authors: Noor Mohd Azeem Faizi , Mustafa Khurram 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBlockchain technology has gained significant attention and adoption due to its decentralized nature, and promising secure and immutable transactions. The interpretation of Blockchain's components has been presented in an innovative manner, illustrating the features they enable or manage. However, its networks do not appear so immune to vulnerabilities like any other technological system. Among the typical weaknesses, endpoint vulnerabilities refer to weaknesses in the endpoints that interact with the blockchain network. They pose a significant risk to the security and integrity of the entire system. These vulnerabilities can affect blockchain networks including smart contract vulnerabilities, wallet vulnerabilities, and communication vulnerabilities. In view of the absence of any viable taxonomic description and associated value, we attempted a novel comprehensive classification of endpoint vulnerabilities. The proposed taxonomy is designed to logically categorize and classify the various endpoint vulnerabilities through a pictorial representation. It encompasses wallet vulnerabilities, malware, cryptojacking and human negligence. Additionally, this paper proposes a novel approach to mapping endpoint vulnerabilities to the blockchain abstract layer. It gives a unique way to study the vulnerabilities and layers' relation. Finally, the corresponding violated principles behind the vulnerabilities have been identified and indicated. By providing a structured taxonomy of endpoint vulnerabilities, this paper aims to enhance the understanding of the security challenges associated with blockchain applications. By understanding and addressing the taxonomy of endpoint vulnerabilities, blockchain practitioners and researchers can enhance blockchain networks' overall security and trustworthiness, paving the way for broader adoption and utilization of this transformative technology. It may have implications in terms of identifying, linking, developing control, and finally mitigating endpoint vulnerabilities in the rapidly changing environment.
Preparation of In0.5Sn0.5Se Crystal via a Zone Melting Method and Evaluation of its Thermoelectric Properties
Authors: Lin Siqi , Lu Xinyu , Wang Hanming , Bai Xudong , Liu Xuechao , Jin Min 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIndium selenides (InSe) is a promising layer‐structured semiconductor with broad potential applications in photovoltaics, diodes, and optic devices, but its thermoelectric performance is limited by the high thermal conductivity. In this work, by alloying high‐performance thermoelectric SnSe in InSe, the In0.5Sn0.5Se crystal is prepared via a zone melting method. The density of In0.5Sn0.5Se crystal is measured as 5.81 g cm−3 which is between the density of pure SnSe and InSe. The XRD measurements indicate that the grown In0.5Sn0.5Se crystal consists of InSe and SnSe crystals with a preferred orientation along (00l) and (h00) planes, respectively. SEM and EDS analysis reveal that eutectic InSe and SnSe phases interdigitate with each other. The thermogravimetry analysis shows a slow decrease at a temperature ≈700 °C. In0.5Sn0.5Se crystal displays a n‐type conduct behavior, the electrical conductivity σ is ≈0.02 Scm−1 at room temperature and increases to 8.4 Scm−1 under 820 K. The highest power factor PF is estimated to be ≈0.36 µWcmK−2 near 570 K. The InSe‐SnSe phase boundaries lead the thermal conductivity of In0.5Sn0.5Se crystal to be as low as 0.29 Wm−1K−1. Due to the low lattice thermal conductivity, In0.5Sn0.5Se crystal shows a ZT value of 0.04 at 600 K in this work.
Modeling and performance enhancement of compact FSS based low‐profile broadband monopole antenna
Authors: Devarapalli Ananda Babu , Moyra Tamasi , Mandal Arpita 
Published: May 2024

SummaryIn this research work, a compact‐sized offset‐fed broadband monopole antenna is designed using a frequency selective surface (FSS) reflector to enhance gain, radiation efficiency, and FBR and validated experimentally. The designed antenna consists of a triple v‐slit on a rectangular‐shaped radiating patch, a modified partial ground, and a frequency‐selective surface (FSS). It exhibits a ‐10 dB impedance bandwidth of 9.37 GHz (6.55–15.92 GHz) and a fractional bandwidth of 83.4%, yielding significant portions of the C‐band (4–8 GHz), the X‐band (8 GHz–12 GHz), and covering a considerable part of the Ku‐band (12–18 GHz). The proposed prototype equivalent circuit model has been developed progressively to validate the electromagnetic simulation results. The measured peak gain is 14.25 dBi (6.8 dBi without FSS) at 14.2 GHz with an average radiation efficiency of ≥ 96% for the FSS integrated antenna. Furthermore, the proposed design improves the front‐to‐back ratio (FBR) by 15 dB throughout the broadband frequency range. The proposed antenna peak gain, reflection coefficient (S11), radiation efficiency, and radiation patterns show adequate similarity between the tested and simulated results and have numerous advantages, including very compact size, simple structure, minimum S11 (dB), high gain, and broadband capability.
Apigenin alleviates doxorubicin‐induced myocardial pyroptosis by inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase‐3β in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Wang Feng , Yan Xinxin , Yue Anna , Zhang Kaiyu , Li Ping , Xu Jingyi , Sun Kangyun , Zhang Qian , Li Yuan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractApigenin, a natural flavonoid compound found in chamomile (Matricaia chamomilla L.) from the Asteraceae family, has been shown in our previous study to possess antimyocardial hypertrophy and anti‐cardiac fibrosis effects. However, its effects and mechanisms on the pyroptosis of cardiomyocytes induced by doxorubicin (DOX) are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of GSK‐3β and the effects of apigenin in DOX‐induced cardiotoxicity. H9c2 cells stimulated with DOX were treated with SB216763 and apigenin. Additionally, a mouse model of DOX‐induced cardiotoxicity was prepared and further treated with apigenin and SB216763 for 30 days. The findings revealed that treatment with SB216763 or apigenin resulted in a significant reduction in the levels of pyroptosis‐related factors. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of GSK‐3β was enhanced while the phosphorylation of nuclear factor‐kB (NF‐κB) p65 was reduced following treatment with either SB216763 or apigenin. Conversely, the effects of apigenin treatment were nullified in siRNA‐GSK‐3β‐transfected cells. Results from computer simulation and molecular docking analysis supported that apigenin could directly target the regulation of GSK‐3β. Therefore, our study confirmed that the inhibition of GSK‐3β and treatment with apigenin effectively suppressed the pyroptosis of cardiomyocytes in both DOX‐stimulated H9c2 cells and mice. These benefits may be attributed in part to the decrease in GSK‐3β expression and subsequent reduction in NF‐κB p65 activation. Overall, our findings revealed that the pharmacological targeting of GSK‐3β may offer a promising therapeutic approach for alleviating DOX‐induced cardiotoxicity.
Modafinil lightens apoptosis and inflammatory response in hepatic ischemia‐reperfusion injury through inactivation of TLR9/Myd88/p38 signaling
Authors: Zhang Tairan , Wang Xidong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) remains a severe threat during liver surgery and transplantation, accounting for unfavorable clinical outcomes. Modafinil (MOD), a wakefulness‐inducing compound, is increasingly disclosed to protect against IRI. However, the specific literatures covering the association between MOD and hepatic IRI are few. Here, this paper is committed to unraveling the role and response mechanism of MOD in hepatic IRI. After the establishment of hepatic IRI mice model and cell model, relevant assay kits measured the concentrations of biochemical indicators of hepatotoxicity and hematoxylin and eosin staining estimated liver morphology. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, reverse‐transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and western blot evaluated inflammatory levels. Terminal‐deoxynucleoitidyl transferase‐mediated nick end labeling assay and western blot appraised apoptosis. Western blot also analyzed the expression of Toll‐like receptor 9 (TLR9)/myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88)/p38 signaling‐associated proteins. Cell counting kit‐8 method judged cell viability. MOD was discovered to mitigate liver dysfunction and morphological damage, inflammatory response, apoptosis in vivo and improve cell viability, suppress inflammatory response and apoptosis in vitro. In addition, MOD inactivated TLR9/Myd88/p38 signaling both in vitro and in vivo. Further, TLR9 elevation reversed the inhibitory role of MOD in inflammatory response and cell apoptosis in vitro. Anyway, MOD blocked TLR9/Myd88/p38 signaling to exhibit anti‐inflammatory and anti‐apoptotic properties in hepatic IRI.
Properties of vertebrate predator–prey networks in the high Arctic
Authors: Abrham Muzit , Norén Karin , Bartolomé Filella Jordi , Angerbjörn Anders , Lecomte Nicolas , Pečnerová Patrícia , Freire Susana , Dalerum Fredrik 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPredation is an important ecological process that can significantly impact the maintenance of ecosystem services. In arctic environments, the relative ecological importance of predation is thought to be increasing due to climate change, partly because of increased productivity with rising temperatures. Therefore, understanding predator–prey interactions in arctic ecosystems is vital for the sustainable management of these northern regions. Network theory provides a framework for quantifying the structures of ecological interactions. In this study, we use dietary observations on mammalian and avian predators in a high arctic region, including isolated peninsulas on Ellesmere Island and north Greenland, to construct bipartite trophic networks. We quantify the complexity, specialization, and nested as well as modular structures of these networks and also determine if these properties varied among the peninsulas. Mammal prey remains were the dominant diet item for all predators, but there was spatial variation in diet composition among peninsulas. The predator–prey networks were less complex, had more specialized interactions, and were more nested and more modular than random expectations. However, the networks displayed only moderate levels of modularity. Predator species had less specialized interactions with prey than prey had with predators. All network properties differed among the peninsulas, which highlights that ecosystems often show complex responses to environmental characteristics. We suggest that gaining knowledge about spatial variation in the characteristics of predator–prey interactions can enhance our ability to manage ecosystems exposed to environmental perturbations, particularly in high arctic environments subject to rapid environmental change.
Functional analysis of epilepsy‐associated GABAA receptor mutations using Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Gadhia Ami , Barker Eleanor , Morgan Alan , Barclay Jeff W. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveGABAA receptor subunit mutations pose a significant risk for genetic generalized epilepsy; however, there are over 150 identified variants, many with unknown or unvalidated pathogenicity. We aimed to develop in vivo models for testing GABAA receptor variants using the model organism, Caenorhabditis elegans.MethodsCRISPR‐Cas9 gene editing was used to create a complete deletion of unc‐49, a C. elegans GABAA receptor, and to create homozygous epilepsy‐associated mutations in the endogenous unc‐49 gene. The unc‐49 deletion strain was rescued with transgenes for either the C. elegans unc‐49B subunit or the α1, β3, and γ2 subunits for the human GABAA receptor. All newly created strains were analyzed for phenotype and compared against existing unc‐49 mutations.ResultsNematodes with a full genetic deletion of the entire unc‐49 locus were compared with existing unc‐49 mutations in three separate phenotypic assays—coordinated locomotion, shrinker frequency and seizure‐like convulsions. The full unc‐49 deletion exhibited reduced locomotion and increased shrinker frequency and PTZ‐induced convulsions, but were not found to be phenotypically stronger than existing unc‐49 mutations. Rescue with the unc‐49B subunit or creation of humanized worms for the GABAA receptor both showed partial phenotypic rescue for all three phenotypes investigated. Finally, two epilepsy‐associated variants were analyzed and deemed to be loss of function, thus validating their pathogenicity.SignificanceThese findings establish C. elegans as a genetic model to investigate GABAA receptor mutations and delineate a platform for validating associated variants in any epilepsy‐associated gene.Plain Language SummaryEpilepsy is a complex human disease that can be caused by mutations in specific genes. Many possible mutations have been identified, but it is unknown for most of them whether they cause the disease. We tested the role of mutations in one specific gene using a small microscopic worm as an animal model. Our results establish this worm as a model for epilepsy and confirm that the two unknown mutations are likely to cause the disease.
Que se escuche su voz: Cómo podemos humanizar los procesos de evaluación
Authors: Hernández‐Martínez Martha , Aragón Erick Antonio 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper argues that evaluation is not without its limitations; and could actually silence and dehumanize its main actors. The voice and experience of participants constitutes a guide in both the design and implementation of the programs and evaluation activities. Evaluations must be able to analyze and verify compliance with the scope proposed in the intervention. The availability and quality of the data or information generated is key in the evaluation so that the target groups can assume a leading role in their development processes.
The maximum number of maximum generalized 4‐independent sets in trees
Authors: Li Pingshan , Xu Min 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA generalized ‐independent set is a set of vertices such that the induced subgraph contains no trees with ‐vertices, and the generalized ‐independence number is the cardinality of a maximum ‐independent set in . Zito proved that the maximum number of maximum generalized 2‐independent sets in a tree of order is if is odd, and if is even. Tu et al. showed that the maximum number of maximum generalized 3‐independent sets in a tree of order is if , and if , and if and they characterized all the extremal graphs. Inspired by these two nice results, we establish four structure theorems about maximum generalized ‐independent sets in a tree for a general integer . As applications, we show that the maximum number of generalized 4‐independent sets in a tree of order is
and we also characterize the structure of all extremal trees with the maximum number of maximum generalized 4‐independent sets.
The development and validation of an instrument to examine clients’ perspectives about their counselors’ ability to broach racial, ethnic, and cultural concerns
Authors: Day‐Vines Norma L. , Zhang Jeremy , Cluxton‐Keller Fallon , Hicks Dantavious , Jones Connie , Spann Rufus Tony , Daga Dipika , Agorsor Courtney 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe current study evaluated the validity of the broaching attitudes and behavior survey‐clients (BABS‐C), a self‐report measure that examined minoritized clients’ perceptions of their counselors’ ability to discuss issues of race, ethnicity, and culture during treatment. A series of confirmatory factor analyses suggested that the BABS‐C framework and its subconstructs achieved excellent model fit and stable factor structures. The measurement invariance was examined with seven covariates using multiple indicators and multiple cause methods. Implications for counseling research and practice are discussed.
“Pitching” posttraumatic stress disorder treatment: A qualitative study of how providers discuss evidence‐based psychotherapies with patients
Authors: Hooyer Katinka , Hamblen Jessica , Kehle‐Forbes Shannon M. , Larsen Sadie E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe two widely available evidence‐based psychotherapies (EBPs) for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are cognitive processing therapy and prolonged exposure. Although the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) has invested in intensive clinical training to provide these first‐line treatments, most military veterans do not receive these therapies. Prior research indicates that patient interest and motivation depend on how patients are educated, and differences in how information is presented shape their decision‐making. To our knowledge, no studies have addressed how clinicians “pitch” EBPs for PTSD and examined whether certain approaches are more effective than others. We recorded and thematically analyzed 25 treatment planning sessions across 10 VA sites in the United States to better understand how providers talk to patients about treatment options. Five themes were identified: using rich description, integrating various forms of questioning to engage the patient, sharing prior patient success stories, using inviting and direct language, and tailoring therapy talk to fit patient needs. Providers learning to offer EBPs can use these strategies to serve as a “menu” of options that will allow them to present EBPs in a way that appeals to a particular patient.
A two‐year physicochemical and acoustic observation reveals spatiotemporal effects of earthquake‐induced shallow‐water hydrothermal venting on the surrounding environments
Authors: Chiu Ling , Wang Min‐Chen , Wei Chih‐Lin , Lin Tzu‐Hao , Tseng Yung‐Che 
Published: May 2024

AbstractShallow‐water hydrothermal vents have gained growing attention for their intricate characteristics caused by various epipelagic factors. The shallow‐water hydrothermal system offshore Kueishan Island, Taiwan, situated in an earthquake‐prone area, has prompted our exploration into the relationship between hydrothermal and seismic activities. Our 2‐yr observation uncovered that the hydrothermal venting entered a silent period in November 2020, followed by a resurgence of activity after September 2021, coinciding with high‐frequency shallow earthquakes occurring within 5 km of the vents. The pH level, dissolved inorganic carbon, alkalinity, pCO2, , and sulfide served as indicators of hydrothermal activity, contributing to environmental changes in habitats during period transition. However, peering physicochemical and soundscape conditions, distinctions may still arise during two separate active periods. Through multivariate analysis, this study highlights the variability of shallow‐water hydrothermal vents, emphasizing the necessity for more frequent and detailed investigations to further understand these extreme and dynamic marine ecosystems.
Quantifying renewable energy potential and realized capacity in India: Opportunities and challenges
Authors: Hunt Kieran M. R. , Bloomfield Hannah C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAs both the population and economic output of India continue to grow, so does its demand for electricity. Coupled with an increasing determination to transition to net zero, India has responded to this rising demand by rapidly expanding its installed renewable capacity: an increase of 60% in the last 5 years has been driven largely by a quintupling of installed solar capacity. In this study, we use broad variety of data sources to quantify potential and realized capacity over India from 1979 to 2022. For potential capacity, we identify spatiotemporal patterns in solar, wind, hydro and wave power. We show that solar capacity factor is relatively homogeneous across India, except over the western Himalaya, and is highest during the pre‐monsoon. Wind capacity factor is highest during the summer monsoon, and has high values off the southern coast, along the Western Ghats, and in Gujarat. We argue that wave power could be a useful source of renewable energy for the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, which are not connected to the main Indian power grid. Using gridded estimates of existing installed capacity combined with our historical capacity factor dataset, we create a simple but effective renewable production model. We use this model to identify weaknesses in the existing grid—particularly a lack of complementarity between wind and solar production in north India, and vulnerability to high‐deficit generation in the winter. We discuss potential avenues for future renewable investment to counter existing seasonality problems, principally offshore wind and high‐altitude solar.
Nanohybrids with potential barrier property and antimicrobial activity for application in sustainable polymer food packaging: A mini‐review
Authors: Sant'anna Andrade Letícia , da Silva Emerson Oliveira 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPackaging has important functions for products, contributing to their protection and presenting information. Recognizing that food loss and waste affect all countries, it is necessary to search for alternatives that change this scenario, such as active packaging. Particles with sizes between 1 and 100 nanometers (nanoparticles) are incorporated into polymeric materials because they are capable of improving or even providing properties that the film formed by the pure polymer does not have, due to its surface area being greater than that of macro‐sized particles. If two nanoparticles are previously combined to form a nanohybrid before being dispersed in a polymeric matrix, in addition to having this purpose, they can provide even better results when incorporated, due to the synergistic effects that can be attributed to the nanoparticles used. The utilization of active packaging composed of nano‐hybrids within biodegradable polymers holds significant potential for reducing solid plastic waste and the generation of persistent microplastics, thereby positively impacting human health. In this literature review, the effects of nanohybrid on antibacterial and barrier properties for application in food packaging in polymeric matrices were investigated using materials such as: nickel nanoparticles, zinc oxide nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles, copper oxide nanoparticles, cellulose nanowhiskers, Cloisite 30B, sodium alginate, poly(ethylene oxide), starch, poly(vinyl alcohol), chitosan and gelatin. The results were found to show the efficiency of nanohybrids in polymeric matrices, decreasing the water vapor and oxygen permeability and also increasing the antibacterial activity, which can prevent illnesses stemming from contaminated food occurs.