bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Tree Rings as a Hydrologic Record in a Humid Subtropical Environment1
Authors: Crockett Kris , Martin Jonathan B. , Grissino‐Mayer Henri D. , Larson Evan R. , Mirti Thomas 
Published: August 2010

Crockett, Kris, Jonathan B. Martin, Henri D. Grissino‐Mayer, Evan R. Larson, and Thomas Mirti, 2010. Assessment of Tree Rings as a Hydrologic Record in a Humid Subtropical Environment. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 1‐13. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2010.00464.xAbstract:  Information about long‐term variability of streamflow is important to allocate water resources, but few historical records extend more than 75 years into the past, requiring proxy records to evaluate flow prior to that time. Flow proxies have been found in tree‐ring widths in temperate regions, but have rarely been used in humid subtropical environments because the relationship between tree growth and climate was believed to be weakened by limited seasonality and stress on tree growth from drought conditions. Tree‐ring residual chronologies from two forests sampled from northern Florida correlate well with historical annual discharge (r² values as high as 0.47) from 3 of 15 river‐gauging stations that were used to compare with the tree‐ring chronologies. The best correlations occur where streamflow has little contribution from spring discharge or continuous flow from lakes and wetlands. Streams lack correlations with the tree‐ring residual chronologies (r² values as low as 0.0002) where springs and continuous discharge from lakes mute variations in their flow. Tree‐ring chronologies appear to be useful for reconstruction of prehistorical variations of some streamflow in humid subtropical regions, but interpretations of the reconstructions must consider the local hydrologic conditions.
Design of Experimental Streams for Simulating Headwater Stream Restoration1
Authors: Huang Jung‐Chen , Mitsch William J. , Ward Andrew D. 
Published: August 2010

Huang, Jung‐Chen, William J. Mitsch, and Andrew D. Ward, 2010. Design of Experimental Streams for Simulating Headwater Stream Restoration. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 1‐15. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2010.00467.xAbstract:  Headwater streams flowing through agricultural fields in the midwestern United States have been extensively modified to accommodate subsurface drainage systems, resulting in deepened, straightened, and widened streams. To restore these headwater streams, partial or total reconstruction of channels is frequently attempted. There are different approaches to reconstructing the channel, yet there is little evidence that indicates which promises more success and there has been no experimental work to evaluate these approaches. This study designs three experimental channels – two‐stage, self‐design, and straightened channels – on a human‐created swale at the Olentangy River Wetland Research Park, Columbus, Ohio, for long‐term evaluation of headwater stream evolution after restoration. The swale receives a continuous flow of pumped river water from upstream wetlands. Using streamflow and stage data for the past 12 years, a channel‐forming discharge of 0.18 m3/s was estimated from bankfull discharge, effective discharge, and recurrence interval. These stream channels, after construction, will be monitored to evaluate physical, chemical, and biological responses to different channels over a decade‐long experiment. We hypothesize that the three stream restoration designs will eventually evolve to a similar channel form but with different time periods for convergence. Monitoring the frequency and magnitude of changes over at least 10 years is needed to document the most stable restored channel form.
Mathematical‐Physical Modelling of Seismic Response of the Beijing Depression
Authors: Yimin Peng , Jinzhong Sun , Xiansheng Hao 
Published: August 2010

Abstract There is a NE‐ trending earthquake hazard anomalous zone in the western part of the area of the city of Beijing proper. A comprehensive study of it has been made. In the study the two‐dimensional finite element dynamic analysis and supersonic seismic model experiments were conducted for the first time, and some preliminary results have been achieved.The Beijing depression, a lower order tectonic unit in the Beijing downwarp, is just located below the earthquake hazard anomalous zone. Analysis of the experimental results shows that the topography of the buried bedrock is the main factor responsible for the presence of the anomalous zone. Besides, the two‐dimensional mathematical analysis has more marked advantages in reflecting the lateral inhomogeneity of the foundation as compared with the one‐dimensional one, and the supersonic seismic model experiments may reflect the integrated effects of the earthquake sources, path of wave propagation and site geological structure in an all‐round way.
A Simulated Test of Algal Influence of Formation and Deposition of Phosphates
Authors: Zhili Liu , Xuexian Liu , Yigong Fan , Shixin Zhu 
Published: August 2010

Abstract This paper deals with a simulated test of biogenic mineralization made with a blue‐ green alga species, Spirulina platensis. The data in the experiment were recorded by a computerized surveying system. The influence of algae on the accumulation of phosphorus by changing their microenvironment to promote the formation and deposition of phosphate was studied.The results show that the pH value of cultural liquor rose up to 10 and the redox potential (Eh) may drop by 100‐200 mV during the algal logarithmic growth stage, and the cultrual liquor was changed into a medium with a weakly reducing condition. At the end of the logarithmic growth stage white deposits of Na2Ca(CO3)2 · 5H2O and Ca2Mg (PO4)2 · 2H2O were formed on the floor of cultural containers. The test presented a valuable evidence for the theory of biogenic mineralization.
The Geoscience Transect from Xiangshui, Jiangsu Province to Mandal, Inner Mongolia*
Authors: Xingyuan Ma , Changyuan Liu , Guodong Liu 
Published: August 2010

Abstract The Xiangshui to Mandal geoscience transect, which has a total length of 1,200 km, extends diagonally, from SE to NW, across the Sino‐Korean plate and its ancient continental margin, passing through nine tectonic units: the Subei‐Jiaonan terrane, West Shandong block, North China rift basin, Taihang‐Wutai block, Ordos block, Hu‐Bao (Hohhot‐Baotou) Basin, Yinshan block and Inner Mongolian fold system.The graphic display of the transect is compiled according to the Guidelines for the Global Geoscience Transect (GGT) Project on the basis of an integrated study of all available geological, geochemical and geophysical data, thus bringing light to the process of cratonization of the Sino‐Korean plate and its relationship with the transitional zone of the ancient continental margin, and the features of intraplate structures produced by subsequent tectonic modifications and intraplate dynamics.
The Sedimentary Sequence and Palaeogeographic Changes of the South Yellow Sea Since the Olauvai Subchron1
Authors: Zigeng Yang 
Published: August 2010

Abstract According to the alternation of terrestrial beds and transgressive beds, the sedimentary sequence of the South Yellow Sea since the Olduvai subchron can be divided into 15 strdatigraphical intervals. According to the facies analysis, there are 7 transgressive beds an one bed with transgression marks, and classical transgressive‐regressive facies sequence also appears in the major transgressive beds.Palaeogeographic evolution in the shelf area involved 4 periods: (1) 1.70‐0.5 Ma B. P. was the stage for the development of the Palaeo‐Yangtze River alluvial plain and delta. Tide influenced‐river channel sediments formed during the Olduvai have been found in borehole QC2. The river mouth was located near 124° E and during the transgressive stage from 0.97‐0.73 Ma B.P. to the east of 122.2° E, a large‐scale undersea delta was formed. In the regressive stage, the shelf area became an alluvial plain. (2) 0.50‐0.75 Ma B.P. was a multi‐transgressive fluctuation stage during which 3 transgressive beds (HVI, HV, HIV)developed, being dated as 0.50‐0.30 Ma B.P., 0.27‐0.20 Ma B.P. and 127‐75 Ka B.P. respectively, with the extent of transgression increasing gradually. Influenced by southeast monsoons, the eastern China continent began to have a larger moisture source. (3) 75–14 Ka B.P. was the lower sea‐level stage during the last glacial period. The downcuttihg depth of rivers was up to ‐133 m. The palaeo‐Yangtze River system flowed northeastwards into the Sea of Japan through the Sea of Japan through the Tsushima and Korean Straits. The interfluvial area became an eroded, weathered high land. In the cores, two short‐lived, relatively high sea‐level stages were recorded, corresponding to two interstades in the last glacial period. (4) The period since 14 Ka B.P. is the stage for “Holocene transgression” and the development of the Yellow River‐Huaihe River delta. Before 14 Ka the sea level rose to ‐68 m, and before 11 Ka to ‐50 m, and the sea‐level was once at a standstill or slightly got down, which is coincident with the Younger Dryas event. The Yellow River‐Huaihe River delta developed on transgressive bed HI and consists of the superimpositions of 6 deltaic complexes.
Microendoscopic discectomy for lumbar disc herniation in the elderly
Authors: Matsumoto M , Ishii K , Watanabe K , Tsuji T , Takaishi H , Nakamura M , Toyama Y , Chiba K 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIntroduction: The purpose of this study was to elucidate the feasibility of microendoscopic discectomy (MED) for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation in elderly patients over the age of 65.Methods: The elderly group consisted of 44 patients (27 men and 17 women; mean age, 69.6 years; mean follow‐up, 27.7 months) with sciatic pain caused by lumbar disc herniation who were treated using MED. The younger group was comprised of 44 sex‐matched patients younger than 65 years. The younger group also had lumbar disc herniation treated with MED and served as the control group. The clinical outcomes were evaluated using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association score for low back pain (JOA score).Results: The results revealed that the good surgical outcomes achieved in the younger group were also achieved in the elderly group (JOA scores: 14.8 ± 4.1 in the younger group before surgery versus 13.0 ± 3.2 in the elderly group; 26.0 ± 2.4 at follow‐up versus 25.5 ± 2.7; recovery rates of JOA scores: 78.3 ± 17.8% versus 77.9 ± 16.6%, respectively). The mean surgical time was 78.3 ± 31.0 min in the elderly group and 69.2 ± 22.9 min (P=0.12) in the younger group; the blood loss was 33.9 ± 71.9 cc and 28.0 ± 37.8 cc (P=0.63), respectively. Complications included a dural tear in two elderly patients, and postoperative discitis and hematoma in one elderly patient each: all of these complications were managed successfully.Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that MED is a feasible minimally invasive surgical option for elderly patients with lumbar disc herniation.
Thoracoscopic diaphragmatic plication in small infants
Authors: Tanaka Y , Iwanaka T 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIntroduction: Diaphragmatic eventration often causes progressive dyspnea on exertion or respiratory infection in small children, especially those under 2 years of age. Diaphragmatic plication by minimally invasive surgery is evaluated for quick recovery and has been performed on small children.Methods: Nine patients ranging in age from 1 to 33 months and in weight from 3 to 12 kg were treated by thoracoscopic diaphragmatic plication. Six of them needed preoperative support from a respirator or nasal directional positive airway pressure. Three patients had congenital heart disease with right‐to‐left shunt. The operations were performed with three ports. We put the optical port at the sixth intercostal space and had enough view with artificial pneumothorax at 4 mmHg using carbon dioxide. Single‐lung ventilation was never used. The redundant diaphragm was pulled and plicated with non‐absorbable 3‐0 sutures.Results: The thoracoscopic approach was successful in all nine patients. No conversion was needed. All patients were recovered well postoperatively, except for one patient with a pneumothorax. The patients who needed respiratory support before the operation no longer required it within 8 d of surgery.Conclusion: In conclusion, we showed the feasibility of performing the thoracoscopic plication procedures on small infants. In our series, six out of nine patients were <6 kg and four of them were as young as 1 month old. We placed the optical port near the diaphragm, and this may have been a major factor in helping the surgery succeed. In conclusion, early thoracoscopic plication should be considered even for the small infants with diaphragmatic eventration.
Republished paper: Emergency department triage revisited
Authors: FitzGerald Gerard , Jelinek George A , Scott Deborah , Gerdtz Marie Frances 
Published: August 2010

AbstractTriage is a process that is critical to the effective management of modern emergency departments. Triage systems aim, not only to ensure clinical justice for the patient, but also to provide an effective tool for departmental organisation, monitoring and evaluation. Over the last 20 years, triage systems have been standardised in a number of countries and efforts made to ensure consistency of application. However, the ongoing crowding of emergency departments resulting from access block and increased demand has led to calls for a review of systems of triage. In addition, international variance in triage systems limits the capacity for benchmarking. The aim of this paper is to provide a critical review of the literature pertaining to emergency department triage in order to inform the direction for future research. While education, guidelines and algorithms have been shown to reduce triage variation, there remains significant inconsistency in triage assessment arising from the diversity of factors determining the urgency of any individual patient. It is timely to accept this diversity, what is agreed, and what may be agreeable. It is time to develop and test an International Triage Scale (ITS) which is supported by an international collaborative approach towards a triage research agenda. This agenda would seek to further develop application and moderating tools and to utilise the scales for international benchmarking and research programmes.
Non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis: diagnosis and management in 21st century
Authors: Goeminne Pieter , Dupont Lieven 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Bronchiectasis is permanently dilated airways caused by chronic bronchial inflammation secondary to inappropriate clearance of various micro-organisms and recurrent infections in the airways. At diagnosis, one should search for the underlying disease process, most of the time excluding cystic fibrosis (CF). However, in a substantial number of patients no cause is found. Next, patients need individualised therapy and follow-up by monitoring of their symptoms. Useful tools are the Leicester Cough Questionnaire and the Sputum Colour Chart. Screening patients for bacterial colonisation on a regular basis seems to be equally important, as many patients become colonised by pathogenic micro-organisms. Treatment for non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis differs in certain aspects from cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis and often lacks evidence. Overall, bronchiectasis is an underestimated disease, not only in prevalence and incidence, but also in its ability to cause morbidity and mortality. Further research into the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and trials evaluating new treatments are an absolute necessity.
VIRTUAL TESTING OF STIFFENED COMPOSITE PANELS AT AIRBUS
Authors: LINDE PETER 
Published: August 2010

The steady increase of composite parts in civil aircraft over the last three decades has recently been followed by a radical increase of weight percentage composites in the structure. In the most recent long range aircraft under development by both Boeing and Airbus, most major structure components, not only of the wings but also of the fuselage, now consist of composites. This necessitates an increased use of efficient structural simulation capabilities. One important aspect of this is the virtual testing of shear compression panels at Airbus, which will be presented here. Having served well for Glare during the A380 development, it is currently undergoing considerable development to extend its capacity to composites. Summarized under the designation "Simulation of Panels in AirCraft", (SIMULPAC), this platform is here introduced and described in terms of functioning and methodology. It has played a major role in the initial A350 developments: in the first designs, during virtual testing of the configuration of new components and for predictions of the first real shear compression panels.
Microbial oxidation of arsenite in a subarctic environment: diversity of arsenite oxidase genes and identification of a psychrotolerant arsenite oxidiser
Authors: Osborne Thomas H , Jamieson Heather E , Hudson-Edwards Karen A , Nordstrom D Kirk , Walker Stephen R , Ward Seamus A , Santini Joanne M 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackgroundArsenic is toxic to most living cells. The two soluble inorganic forms of arsenic are arsenite (+3) and arsenate (+5), with arsenite the more toxic. Prokaryotic metabolism of arsenic has been reported in both thermal and moderate environments and has been shown to be involved in the redox cycling of arsenic. No arsenic metabolism (either dissimilatory arsenate reduction or arsenite oxidation) has ever been reported in cold environments (i.e. < 10°C).ResultsOur study site is located 512 kilometres south of the Arctic Circle in the Northwest Territories, Canada in an inactive gold mine which contains mine waste water in excess of 50 mM arsenic. Several thousand tonnes of arsenic trioxide dust are stored in underground chambers and microbial biofilms grow on the chamber walls below seepage points rich in arsenite-containing solutions. We compared the arsenite oxidisers in two subsamples (which differed in arsenite concentration) collected from one biofilm. 'Species' (sequence) richness did not differ between subsamples, but the relative importance of the three identifiable clades did. An arsenite-oxidising bacterium (designated GM1) was isolated, and was shown to oxidise arsenite in the early exponential growth phase and to grow at a broad range of temperatures (4-25°C). Its arsenite oxidase was constitutively expressed and functioned over a broad temperature range.ConclusionsThe diversity of arsenite oxidisers does not significantly differ from two subsamples of a microbial biofilm that vary in arsenite concentrations. GM1 is the first psychrotolerant arsenite oxidiser to be isolated with the ability to grow below 10°C. This ability to grow at low temperatures could be harnessed for arsenic bioremediation in moderate to cold climates.
Unique features of the rice blast resistance Pish locus revealed by large scale retrotransposon-tagging
Authors: Takahashi Akira , Hayashi Nagao , Miyao Akio , Hirochika Hirohiko 
Published: August 2010

Abstract

Background

R gene-mediated resistance is one of the most effective mechanisms of immunity against pathogens in plants. To date some components that regulate the primary steps of plant immunity have been isolated, however, the molecular dissection of defense signaling downstream of the R proteins remains to be completed. In addition, R genes are known to be highly variable, however, the molecular mechanisms responsible for this variability remain obscure.

Results
To identify novel factors required for R gene-mediated resistance in rice, we used rice insertional mutant lines, induced by the endogenous retrotransposon Tos17, in a genetic screening involving the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. We inoculated 41,119 mutant lines with the fungus using a high throughput procedure, and identified 86 mutant lines with diminished resistance. A genome analysis revealed that 72 of the 86 lines contained mutations in a gene encoding a nucleotide binding site (NBS) and leucine rich repeat (LRR) domain-containing (NBS-LRR) protein. A genetic complementation analysis and a pathogenesis assay demonstrated that this NBS-LRR gene encodes Pish, which confers resistance against races of M. oryzae containing avrPish. The other 14 lines have intact copies of the Pish gene, suggesting that they may contain mutations in the signaling components downstream of Pish. The genome analysis indicated that Pish and its neighboring three NBS-LRR genes are high similar to one another and are tandemly located. An in silico analysis of a Tos17 flanking sequence database revealed that this region is a "hot spot" for insertion. Intriguingly, the insertion sites are not distributed evenly among these four NBS-LRR genes, despite their similarity at the sequence and expression levels.

Conclusions
In this work we isolated the R gene Pish, and identified several other mutants involved in the signal transduction required for Pish-mediated resistance. These results indicate that our genetic approach is efficient and useful for unveiling novel aspects of defense signaling in rice. Furthermore, our data provide experimental evidence that R gene clusters have the potential to be highly preferred targets for transposable element insertions in plant genomes. Based on this finding, a possible mechanism underlying the high variability of R genes is discussed.
Dual role of nNOS in ischemic injury and preconditioning
Authors: Barua Anupama , Standen Nicholas B , Galiñanes Manuel 
Published: August 2010

Abstract

Background
Nitric oxide (NO) is cardioprotective and a mediator of ischemic preconditioning (IP). Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is protective against myocardial ischemic injury and a component of IP but the role and location of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) remains unclear. Therefore, the aims of these studies were to: (i) investigate the role of nNOS in ischemia/reoxygenation-induced injury and IP, (ii) determine whether its effect is species-dependent, and (iii) elucidate the relationship of nNOS with mitoKATP channels and p38MAPK, two key components of IP transduction pathway.

Results
Ventricular myocardial slices from rats and wild and nNOS knockout mice, and right atrial myocardial slices from human were subjected to 90 min ischemia and 120 min reoxygenation (37°C). Specimens were randomized to receive various treatments (n = 6/group). Both the provision of exogenous NO and the inhibition of endogenous NO production significantly reduced tissue injury (creatine kinase release, cell necrosis and apoptosis), an effect that was species-independent. The cardioprotection seen with nNOS inhibition was as potent as that of IP, however, in nNOS knockout mice the cardioprotective effect of non-selective NOS (L-NAME) and selective nNOS inhibition and also that of IP was blocked while the benefit of exogenous NO remained intact. Additional studies revealed that the cardioprotection afforded by exogenous NO and by inhibition of nNOS were unaffected by the mitoKATP channel blocker 5-HD, although it was abrogated by p38MAPK blocker SB203580.

Conclusions
nNOS plays a dual role in ischemia/reoxygenation in that its presence is necessary to afford cardioprotection by IP and its inhibition reduces myocardial ischemic injury. The role of nNOS is species-independent and exerted downstream of the mitoKATP channels and upstream of p38MAPK.