bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resolution of Experimental Lung Injury by Monocyte-Derived Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase
Authors: D’Alessio Franco R. , Tsushima Kenji , Aggarwal Neil R. , Mock Jason R. , Eto Yoshiki , Garibaldi Brian T. , Files Daniel C. , Avalos Claudia R. , Rodriguez Jackie V. , Waickman Adam T. , Reddy Sekhar P. , Pearse David B. , Sidhaye Venkataramana K. , Hassoun Paul M. , Crow Michael T. , King Landon S. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Although early events in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI) have been defined, little is known about the mechanisms mediating resolution. To search for determinants of resolution, we exposed wild type (WT) mice to intratracheal LPS and assessed the response at intervals to day 10, when injury had resolved. Inducible NO synthase (iNOS) was significantly upregulated in the lung at day 4 after LPS. When iNOS−/− mice were exposed to intratracheal LPS, early lung injury was attenuated; however, recovery was markedly impaired compared with WT mice. iNOS−/− mice had increased mortality and sustained increases in markers of lung injury. Adoptive transfer of WT (iNOS+/+) bone marrow-derived monocytes or direct adenoviral gene delivery of iNOS into injured iNOS−/− mice restored resolution of ALI. Irradiated bone marrow chimeras confirmed the protective effects of myeloid-derived iNOS but not of epithelial iNOS. Alveolar macrophages exhibited sustained expression of cosignaling molecule CD86 in iNOS−/− mice compared with WT mice. Ab-mediated blockade of CD86 in iNOS−/− mice improved survival and enhanced resolution of lung inflammation. Our findings show that monocyte-derived iNOS plays a pivotal role in mediating resolution of ALI by modulating lung immune responses, thus facilitating clearance of alveolar inflammation and promoting lung repair.
Prostaglandin E2 Induces Oncostatin M Expression in Human Chronic Wound Macrophages through Axl Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Pathway
Authors: Ganesh Kasturi , Das Amitava , Dickerson Ryan , Khanna Savita , Parinandi Narasimham L. , Gordillo Gayle M. , Sen Chandan K. , Roy Sashwati 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Monocytes and macrophages (mϕ) are plastic cells whose functions are governed by microenvironmental cues. Wound fluid bathing the wound tissue reflects the wound microenvironment. Current literature on wound inflammation is primarily based on the study of blood monocyte-derived macrophages, cells that have never been exposed to the wound microenvironment. We sought to compare pair-matched monocyte-derived macrophages with mϕ isolated from chronic wounds of patients. Oncostatin M (OSM) was differentially overexpressed in pair-matched wound mϕ. Both PGE2 and its metabolite 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGE2 (PGE-M) were abundant in wound fluid and induced OSM in wound-site mϕ. Consistently, induction of OSM mRNA was observed in mϕ isolated from PGE2-enriched polyvinyl alcohol sponges implanted in murine wounds. Treatment of human THP-1 cell-derived mϕ with PGE2 or PGE-M caused dose-dependent induction of OSM. Characterization of the signal transduction pathways demonstrated the involvement of EP4 receptor and cAMP signaling. In human mϕ, PGE2 phosphorylated Axl, a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK). Axl phosphorylation was also induced by a cAMP analogue demonstrating interplay between the cAMP and RTK pathways. PGE2-dependent Axl phosphorylation led to AP-1 transactivation, which is directly implicated in inducible expression of OSM. Treatment of human mϕ or mice excisional wounds with recombinant OSM resulted in an anti-inflammatory response as manifested by attenuated expression of endotoxin-induced TNF-α and IL-1β. OSM treatment also improved wound closure during the early inflammatory phase of healing. In summary, this work recognizes PGE2 in the wound fluid as a potent inducer of mϕ OSM, a cytokine with an anti-inflammatory role in cutaneous wound healing.
Impaired Humoral Immunity and Tolerance in K14-VEGFR-3-Ig Mice That Lack Dermal Lymphatic Drainage
Authors: Thomas Susan N. , Rutkowski Joseph M. , Pasquier Miriella , Kuan Emma L. , Alitalo Kari , Randolph Gwendalyn J. , Swartz Melody A. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Lymphatic vessels transport interstitial fluid, soluble Ag, and immune cells from peripheral tissues to lymph nodes (LNs), yet the contribution of peripheral lymphatic drainage to adaptive immunity remains poorly understood. We examined immune responses to dermal vaccination and contact hypersensitivity (CHS) challenge in K14-VEGFR-3-Ig mice, which lack dermal lymphatic capillaries and experience markedly depressed transport of solutes and dendritic cells from the skin to draining LNs. In response to dermal immunization, K14-VEGFR-3-Ig mice produced lower Ab titers. In contrast, although delayed, T cell responses were robust after 21 d, including high levels of Ag-specific CD8+ T cells and production of IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-10 upon restimulation. T cell-mediated CHS responses were strong in K14-VEGFR-3-Ig mice, but importantly, their ability to induce CHS tolerance in the skin was impaired. In addition, 1-y-old mice displayed multiple signs of autoimmunity. These data suggest that lymphatic drainage plays more important roles in regulating humoral immunity and peripheral tolerance than in effector T cell immunity.
Proteinase 3, the Autoantigen in Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis, Associates with Calreticulin on Apoptotic Neutrophils, Impairs Macrophage Phagocytosis, and Promotes Inflammation
Authors: Gabillet Julie , Millet Arnaud , Pederzoli-Ribeil Magali , Tacnet-Delorme Pascale , Guillevin Loïc , Mouthon Luc , Frachet Philippe , Witko-Sarsat Véronique 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Proteinase 3 (PR3) is the target of anti-neutrophil cytoplasm Abs in granulomatosis with polyangiitis, a form of systemic vasculitis. Upon neutrophil apoptosis, PR3 is coexternalized with phosphatidylserine and impaired macrophage phagocytosis. Calreticulin (CRT), a protein involved in apoptotic cell recognition, was found to be a new PR3 partner coexpressed with PR3 on the neutrophil plasma membrane during apoptosis, but not after degranulation. The association between PR3 and CRT was demonstrated in neutrophils by confocal microscopy and coimmunoprecipitation. Evidence for a direct interaction between PR3 and the globular domain of CRT, but not with its P domain, was provided by surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy. Phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils from healthy donors was decreased after blocking lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP), a CRT receptor on macrophages. In contrast, neutrophils from patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis expressing high membrane PR3 levels showed a lower rate of phagocytosis than those from healthy controls not affected by anti-LRP, suggesting that the LRP-CRT pathway was disturbed by PR3-CRT association. Moreover, phagocytosis of apoptotic PR3-expressing cells potentiated proinflammatory cytokine in vitro by human monocyte-derived macrophages and in vivo by resident murine peritoneal macrophages, and diverted the anti-inflammatory response triggered by the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells after LPS challenge in thioglycolate-elicited murine macrophages. Therefore, membrane PR3 expressed on apoptotic neutrophils might amplify inflammation and promote autoimmunity by affecting the anti-inflammatory “reprogramming” of macrophages.
Intratumoral hu14.18–IL-2 (IC) Induces Local and Systemic Antitumor Effects That Involve Both Activated T and NK Cells As Well As Enhanced IC Retention
Authors: Yang Richard K. , Kalogriopoulos Nicholas A. , Rakhmilevich Alexander L. , Ranheim Erik A. , Seo Songwon , Kim KyungMann , Alderson Kory L. , Gan Jacek , Reisfeld Ralph A. , Gillies Stephen D. , Hank Jacquelyn A. , Sondel Paul M. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
hu14.18–IL-2 (IC) is an immunocytokine consisting of human IL-2 linked to hu14.18 mAb, which recognizes the GD2 disialoganglioside. Phase 2 clinical trials of i.v. hu14.18–IL-2 (i.v.-IC) in neuroblastoma and melanoma are underway and have already demonstrated activity in neuroblastoma. We showed previously that intratumoral hu14.18–IL-2 (IT-IC) results in enhanced antitumor activity in mouse models compared with i.v.-IC. The studies presented in this article were designed to determine the mechanisms involved in this enhanced activity and to support the future clinical testing of intratumoral administration of immunocytokines. Improved survival and inhibition of growth of both local and distant tumors were observed in A/J mice bearing s.c. NXS2 neuroblastomas treated with IT-IC compared with those treated with i.v.-IC or control mice. The local and systemic antitumor effects of IT-IC were inhibited by depletion of NK cells or T cells. IT-IC resulted in increased NKG2D receptors on intratumoral NKG2A/C/E+ NKp46+ NK cells and NKG2A/C/E+ CD8+ T cells compared with control mice or mice treated with i.v.-IC. NKG2D levels were augmented more in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes compared with splenocytes, supporting the localized nature of the intratumoral changes induced by IT-IC treatment. Prolonged retention of IC at the tumor site was seen with IT-IC compared with i.v.-IC. Overall, IT-IC resulted in increased numbers of activated T and NK cells within tumors, better IC retention in the tumor, enhanced inhibition of tumor growth, and improved survival compared with i.v.-IC.
Resolvin D1 and Resolvin D2 Govern Local Inflammatory Tone in Obese Fat
Authors: Clària Joan , Dalli Jesmond , Yacoubian Stephanie , Gao Fei , Serhan Charles N. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
The unprecedented increase in the prevalence of obesity and obesity-related disorders is causally linked to a chronic state of low-grade inflammation in adipose tissue. Timely resolution of inflammation and return of this tissue to homeostasis are key to reducing obesity-induced metabolic dysfunctions. In this study, with inflamed adipose, we investigated the biosynthesis, conversion, and actions of Resolvins D1 (RvD1, 7S,8R,17S-trihydroxy-4Z,9E,11E,13Z,15E,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid) and D2 (RvD2, 7S,16R,17S-trihydroxy-4Z,8E,10Z,12E,14E,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid), potent anti-inflammatory and proresolving lipid mediators (LMs), and their ability to regulate monocyte interactions with adipocytes. Lipid mediator-metabololipidomics identified RvD1 and RvD2 from endogenous sources in human and mouse adipose tissues. We also identified proresolving receptors (i.e., ALX/FPR2, ChemR23, and GPR32) in these tissues. Compared with lean tissue, obese adipose showed a deficit of these endogenous anti-inflammatory signals. With inflamed obese adipose tissue, RvD1 and RvD2 each rescued impaired expression and secretion of adiponectin in a time- and concentration-dependent manner as well as decreasing proinflammatory adipokine production including leptin, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. RvD1 and RvD2 each reduced MCP-1 and leukotriene B4-stimulated monocyte adhesion to adipocytes and their transadipose migration. Adipose tissue rapidly converted both resolvins (Rvs) to novel oxo-Rvs. RvD2 was enzymatically converted to 7-oxo-RvD2 as its major metabolic route that retained adipose-directed RvD2 actions. These results indicate, in adipose, D-series Rvs (RvD1 and RvD2) are potent proresolving mediators that counteract both local adipokine production and monocyte accumulation in obesity-induced adipose inflammation.
Assessing the Nonaviation Performance of Selected US Airports
Authors: Volkova Nadezda , Müller Jürgen 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
This article applies econometric analysis to identify the determinants of nonaeronautical revenues and rent payments at selected US airports, based on a panel data set from 2000 to 2008. The study focuses on specialty retail and food and beverage (F&B) services, which are the major nonaviation activities at US airports, in addition to parking and rental car services. The performance of specialty retail and F&B is influenced by characteristics such as concession space and number and characteristics of passengers—in particular, domestic versus international, leisure versus business, and origin and destination (O&D) versus connecting passengers. The article illustrates how different passenger types contribute to specialty retail and F&B revenue, and how specialty retail and F&B revenues differ in their contributions to rent payments to airports. We also show how nonaviation performance differs for terminals serving only low-cost carriers (LCCs) and terminals that serve full-service airlines.
Business Ethics: The Law of Rules
Authors: Michael Michael L. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract:Despite the recent rash of corporate scandals and the resulting rush to address the problem by adding more laws and regulations, seemingly little attention has been paid to how the nature (not the substance) of rules may or may not affect ethical decision-making. Drawing on work in law, ethics, management, psychology, and other social sciences, this article explores how several characteristics of rules may interfere with the process of reaching and implementing ethical decisions. Such a relationship would have practical implications for regulatory policy and managers of organizations, and the article concludes by suggesting how regulations and corporate ethics programs should be able to improve the ethical culture of business and enhance the ethical decision-making skills of employees.One might suppose that where law is largely absent, behavior is pretty bad. Yet it turns out to be nearly the other way around. The two areas where law is arguably the largest presence in ordinary life—driving cars and paying taxes—are probably the two areas where there is the largest amount of self-conscious cheating.NASA’s culture of bureaucratic accountability emphasized chain of command, procedure, following the rules, and going by the book. While rules and procedures were essential for coordination, they had an unintended but negative effect. Allegiance to hierarchy and procedure had replaced deference to NASA engineers’ technical expertise.
Relationships between Authentic Leadership, Moral Courage, and Ethical and Pro-Social Behaviors
Authors: Hannah Sean T. , Avolio Bruce J. , Walumbwa Fred O. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT:Organizations constitute morally-complex environments, requiring organization members to possess levels of moral courage sufficient to promote their ethical action, while refraining from unethical actions when faced with temptations or pressures. Using a sample drawn from a military context, we explored the antecedents and consequences of moral courage. Results from this four-month field study demonstrated that authentic leadership was positively related to followers’ displays of moral courage. Further, followers’ moral courage fully mediated the effects of authentic leadership on followers’ ethical and pro-social behaviors. Theoretical and practical implications for further integrating the work on moral courage, authentic leadership and ethics are discussed.
Wide Range Control of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotube Forests: A Comparison Between Fixed and Floating Catalyst CVD Techniques
Authors: Yaglioglu Onnik , Cao Anyuan , Hart A. John , Martens Rod , Slocum A. H. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractVertically aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) forests may be used as miniature springs, compliant thermal interfaces, and shock absorbers, and for these and other applications it is vital to understand how to engineer their mechanical properties. Herein is investigated how the diameter and packing density within CNT forests govern their deformation behavior, structural stiffness, and elastic energy absorption properties. The mechanical behavior of low‐density CNT forests grown by fixed catalyst CVD methods and high‐density CNT forests grown by a floating catalyst CVD method are studied by in situ SEM compression testing and tribometer measurements of force‐displacement relationships. Low‐density and small‐diameter CNT columns (fixed catalyst) exhibit large plastic deformation and can be pre‐deformed to act as springs within a specified elastic range, whereas high‐density and large‐diameter CNT columns (floating catalyst) exhibit significant elastic recovery after deformation. In this work the energy absorption capacity of CNT forests is tuned over three orders of magnitude and it is shown that CNT forest density can be tuned over a range of conventional foam materials, but corresponding stiffness is ∼10× higher. It is proposed that the elastic behavior of CNT forests is analogous to open‐cell foams and a simple model is presented. It is also shown that this model can be useful as a first‐order design tool to establish design guidelines for the mechanical properties of CNT forests and selection of the appropriate synthesis method.
Phase Equilibria of Multicomponent Fluid Systems to High Pressures and Temperatures
Authors: Heilig M. , Franck E. U. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAn equation of state, suggested previously, has been extended and applied to calculate phase equilibria and critical phenomena of ternary and quaternary fluid systems to high temperatures and pressures. The equation consists of a modified hard sphere repulsion term and an additive perturbation term based on a square well potential to account for molecular attraction. The procedure of calculation is described. It uses exclusively binary interaction parameters, derived from properties of the binary sub‐systems. — In order to compare the calculated results, phase diagrams have been experimentally determined for the system H2O—N2‐hexane to 679 K and 270 MPa. The experimental procedure is described. The comparison is made with isothermal and isobaric prismatic diagrams. The agreement is satisfactory above 500 K. Results of calculations are also shown for the ternary systems H2O—N2—CO2and H2O—CO2‐hexane as well as for the quaternary system H2O—N2—CO2‐hexane.
The Reaction of OH Radicals with 1,1‐di‐, tri‐ and tetrachloroethylene
Authors: Kirchner K. , Helf D. , Ott P. , Vogt S. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe kinetics and product formation of the homogeneous gas‐phase reactions of the OH radical with 1,1‐di‐, tri‐ and tetrachloroethylene were investigated at temperatures between 298–459 K, in the pressure range of 0.5–5.6 mbar. Measurements were made in a discharge‐flow apparatus, using helium as the carrier gas. The OH radical and the reaction products were detected by mass spectrometry. The rate constants were observed to be pressure independent in the case of 1,1‐di‐ and tetrachloroethylene but slightly pressure dependent in the case of trichloroethylene. The temperature dependencies can be expressed by the Arrhenius equation (in units of 1012 cm3 mol−1 s−1).k(T) = (0.136 ± 0.016) exp[(9.5 ± 0.4) kJ mol−1/RT] for 1,1‐dichloroethylene,k(T) = (0.470 ± 0.051) exp[(2.0 ± 0.5) kJ mol−1/RT] for trichloroethylene, andk(T) = (3.33 ± 0.19) exp[−(8.6 ± 0.1) kJ mol−1/RT] for tetrachloroethylene.The major products are: CH2OH — CCl2 for 1,1‐dichloroethylene; 2,2‐dichloroethenol and Cl for trichloroethylene; trichloroethenol, dichloroacetyl chloride, Cl, CHCl2 and phosgene for tetrachloroethylene.
Self‐Diffusion and Conductance Studies of Acetonitrile — Water Solutions of Tetraethylammonium Iodide
Authors: Hawlicka E. , Grabowski R. , Reimschüssel W. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe self‐diffusion coefficients of acetonitrile, water and iodide ion and the conductance of Et4NI have been measured at 25.0°C in acetonitrile water mixtures for the whole composition range of the binary solvent, for the salt molarity ranging from 3 · 10−5 to 1 · 10−2. The limiting self‐diffusion coefficient of iodide ions is in the range between 1.6 · 10−5 and 2.8 · 10−5 cm2 s−1 with a minimum at about 10 mole% CH3CN, whereas the limiting self‐diffusion coefficient of tetraethylammonium ions increases monotonously form 0.8 · 10−5 in aqueous solution up to 2.2 · 10−5 in acetonitrile solution. Basing on the composition dependences of ionic radii an influence of the mixed solvent composition on the solvation of ions is discussed. Tetraethylammonium ion has been found to be unsolvated and to lose its hydrophobic properties in the presence of acetonitrile. The association constant, calculated from the conductivity measurements, increases monotonously with decreasing static dielectric constant of the acetonitrile‐water mixtures. The decrease of the self‐diffusion coefficients of water and of acetonitrile in the presence of Et4NJ results from the increase of the solution viscosity. The lack of the effect of Et4NI on the microphase separation of the acetonitrile‐water mixtures has been observed.
Dielectric Properties of Morpholine and Some of Its Derivatives in the Pure Liquid State and in Mixtures with Benzene or Water
Authors: Beine A. H. , Lux A. , Stockhausen M. , Jadyn J. , Czechowski G. , Zywucki B. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe following substances are regarded as pure liquids and in benzene mixtures: morpholine, 2,6‐dimethylmorpholine, N‐methyl‐(MeMo), N‐ethyl‐, N‐cyano‐(CyMo) and N‐formylmorpholine (FoMo). Their dielectric constant and complex permittivity over the whole dispersion range (up to 72 GHz) are determined at 20°C. By comparing dipole moments in dilute benzene solution and in the pure state and by considering the relaxation times, probable molecular conformations and the association behaviour are discussed. Chair forms are most likely, but some parameters point to enhanced planarity of CyMo and FoMo. Self‐association (probably dimerization) occurs if there is no N‐substituent. Additional relaxation measurements on aqueous mixtures of MeMo and FoMo reveal a considerable tendency towards hetero‐association.
A Thermodynamic Study of Pd — Ce Alloys Using CeF3 as Electrolyte
Authors: Bretschneider Th. , Schaller H.‐J. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe activity of Ce in Pd — Ce alloys was determined between 1000 and 1100 K by emf measurements on fluorine concentration cells with CeF3 as a solid electrolyte. The method of coulometric titration was used to deposit Ce on a thin Pd film and to control the composition of the alloys produced in situ. The system is characterized by pronounced negative deviations from ideal behavior which are attributed to the levelling of the Fermi energies upon the transfer of cerium valence electrons to the bands of the alloy. Including the lattice distortion as an additional effect, the thermodynamic behavior of Ce and other electropositive metals dissolved in Pd can be correlated and well described.
Thermodynamic Behavior of Hydrogen in Palladium‐Gadolinium Solid Solution Alloys
Authors: Sakamoto Y. , Chen F. L. , Furukawa M. , Flanagan Ted B. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe thermodynamic quantities for absorption of hydrogen by disordered Pd — Gd solid solution alloys containing up to 8.0 at.% Gd have been determined at temperatures between 273 and 473 K and hydrogen pressures up to 100 Torr by measuring the pressure‐composition isotherms. The standard relative partial molar enthalpy of solution of hydrogen, ΔH0H, at infinite dilution becomes more exothermic with increasing Gd content. Whereas the standard relative partial entropy, ΔS0H, at infinite dilution decreases with Gd content; this implies that the octahedral interstices are excluded for hydrogen occupation by Gd neighbors. Substitution of Gd in the Pd lattice decreases the apparent H‐H attractive interaction and for the Pd‐4.5 and 6.0 at.% Gd alloys the H‐H interaction becomes repulsive over a certain range of H contents. The results are discussed in terms of the quasi‐chemical model by taking into the constant volume correction. The stability of P‐hydride phase increases with Gd content, and the extent of the phase boundary, i.e., the hydrogen solvus composition at a given temperature, is more favourable by Pd alloying with Gd.