bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De Otto Stupakoff ao IMS: a primeira seleção de um fotógrafo
Authors: Spineli Patricia Kiss , Pfützenreuter Edson do Prado 
Published: April 2024

Otto Stupakoff foi um renomado fotógrafo brasileiro que consolidou sua atuação fotográfica internacionalmente produzindo para importantes revistas como Harpes's Bazaar e Vogue. O material contendo – negativos, diapositivos, folhas de contato e ampliações – foi transferido por Otto Stupakoff ao Instituto Moreira Salles em 2008. Antes do repasse, o fotógrafo organizou seu material na seguinte configuração: alguns negativos foram divididos em duas caixas pretas denominadas pelo IMS como Caixa 1 e Caixa 2, o restante foi acondicionado em envelopes e pastas. A partir da organização citada acima, focamos na descrição e discussão sobre os negativos contidos nas Caixa 1 e Caixa 2, especialmente na Caixa 1 que refere-se à primeira seleção de Stupakoff. Entendemos que os materiais contidos nessas duas caixas podem ser vistos como documentos de processo que possibilitam o estudo e a análise do percurso criativo do fotógrafo. Além disso, pelo âmbito da escolha pessoal em como organizar e preferenciar sua obra antes de repassá-la a uma instituição de salvaguarda, o fotógrafo demonstra seu olhar frente a seu trabalho. A sistematização das caixas feita pelo próprio autor também possibilita a realização de inferências sobre o processo criativo desse fotógrafo.
FRONTEIRA: ARTE: DOIS MUNDOS: projetos de arte de Alfredo Jaar e Judi Werthein entre América Latina e os Estados Unidos
Authors: Oliveira Luiz Sérgio de 
Published: April 2024

O globo encolhe para aqueles que o pos- suem; para os desalojados ou despossuídos, os migrantes ou refugiados, nenhuma distância é mais aterradora que os poucos metros da travessia da fronteira. Homi K. Bhabha, Double Visions(Bhabha, Homi, Double Visions, 1992, p.88.)O século XX testemunhou um aumento expo­nencial das desigualdades entre nações em seus diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento. As dis­crepâncias no domínio das tecnologias têm pro­piciado diferentes percepções do tempo, situação em que, enquanto para algumas nações descor­tina-se o futuro, outras parecem sentenciadas a permanecer atadas a um passado sem fim. Em julho de 1969, quando os astronautas norte-a­mericanos Neil Armstrong e Edwin Aldrin "cami­nhavam" na superfície da Lua, traçando passos emblemáticos que pareciam inaugurar a pós-modernidade, enormes parcelas da população mundial peregrinavam pelos rincões do planeta em condições de vida que remontam a tempos ancestrais. Em 2001, ano fixado pelo cineasta Stanley Kubrick para a chegada do futuro, a gran­deza de linhas telefônicas instaladas nos países desenvolvidos correspondia a 121,1 linhas para cada 100 habitantes; enquanto isso, em alguns países africanos, tais como Nigéria e República Democrática do Congo, a relação era de menos de duas linhas para cada 1.000 habitantes. Ainda no plano da circulação da informação e das co­municações, em outro ano emblemático - 1984, a cidade de Tóquio tinha mais linhas telefônicas instaladas que todo o continente africano. [...]
INTERVENSI TERAPI BEKAM DAN SENTUHAN QUANTUM MENURUNKAN KADAR GULA DARAH PENDERITA DIABETES MELITUS (DM)
Authors: Irmayani Irmayani , Antara Antok Nurwidi , Ernawati Yuli 
Published: April 2024

Pendahuluan: Penyakit Diabetes melitus (DM) prevalensinya menjadi semakin tinggi dan terus meningkat di berbagai negara. Langkah pertma yang dilakukan untuk mengobati diabetes adalah dengan menerapkan pola hidup sehat melewati terapi nutrisi medis dan berbagai olahraga fisik. Langkah selanjutnya, yaitu intervensi farmakologis dengan mengonsumsi obat antihiperglikemik oral maupun suntik. Terapi bekam basah merupakan terapi tambahan non farmakologi yang diterapkan oleh orang yang menderita diabetes terbukti dapat mengurangi ukuran gula dalam darah. Bekam adalah pengeluaran darah dari permukaan kulit pada bagian pinggirnya dengan cara disedot atau dibekam, dilanjutkan dengan mengoleskan luka kecil pada kulit bagian luar dan dihisap kembali agar darah mengalir keluar. Racun yang berhasil dikeluarkan dari tubuh dapat menurunkan kadar gula darah. Metode: Desain yang diterapkan adalah pra-eksperimen serta one group pre- dan post-test. Besar sampelnya adalah 15 orang dengan strategi non-probability sampling bermetodekan Total Sampling. Studi dilaksanakan di Klinik Rumah Sehat Insani Kalasan dengan 1 kali intervensi terapi sentuhan quantum dan bekam basah. Hasil: Perawatan bekam basah dan sentuhan quantum mempunyai pengaruh yang besar atas menurunnya ukuran gula darah dengan p-value 0,001 (p-value < 0,05). Kesimpulan: Terapi bekam komplementer adalah satu dari beberapa alternatif untuk penderita DM dalam mengatasi kadar gula darahnya. Perawat dalam pelaksanaan asuhan keperawatan dapat menambahkan terapi tersebut. Namun perlu dikembangkan lagi harus berapa kali dilakukan terapi bekam agar ukuran gula darah dapat dikendalikan.
Kata kunci: Bekam basah, diabetes mellitus, gula darah, terapi sentuhan quantum
Level of glial cell derived neurotrophic factor in the blood plasma of rheumatoid arthritis patients and its relationship
with alexithymia
Authors: Shalkovskyi Yevhenii , Stanislavchuk Mykola 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesGlial cell derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has an important role in the pathogenetic mechanisms and clinical manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Alexithymia is associated with a severe clinical course and worse prognosis, while the relationship between alexithymia and GDNF in RA patients has not been investigated before. The aims of the study were to investigate the GDNF level in blood plasma in RA patients depending on the presence of alexithymia and to evaluate the relationship of GDNF level with clinical manifestation and quality of life.Material and methodsFifteen men and 73 women with RA were examined using the Disease Activity Score with 28-joint count (DAS28) with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) index, the Simple Disease Activity Index (SDAI), the Rheumatoid Arthritis Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI), the Visual Analogue Scale (according to the assessment of the patient – VAS-P and the assessment of the doctor – VAS-D), the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), the Disability Rating Index (DRI) and SF-36 indexes. Glial cell derived neurotrophic factor level in the blood plasma was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).ResultsForty percent of RA patients had alexithymia. Glial cell derived neurotrophic factor level in the examined patients was 3.73 ±2.59 pg/ml, in patients with alexithymia 4.08 ±2.87 pg/ml, without alexithymia 3.48 ±2.37 pg/ml (p = 0.295). Patients with alexithymia had a higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and index scores than patients without alexithymia – ESR: 34.29 ±14.22 vs. 22.73 ±12.03 mm/h (p = 0.017), DAS28: 6.53 ±0.66 vs. 6.09 ±0.55 (p = 0.017), VAS-D: 7.19 ±0.81 vs. 6.53 ±0.83 (p = 0.020), HAQ: 1.78 ±0.58 vs. 1.51 ±0.54 (p = 0.040). Also they had worse SF-36 indicators – physical functioning: 39.52 ±13.78 vs. 51.00 ±14.90 (p = 0.019), role functioning due to physical condition: 30.95 ±20.77 vs. 46.67 ±24.76 (p = 0.041), physical component of health: 31.47 ±11.44 vs. 41.61 ±15.88 (p = 0.028). In patients with alexithymia, a correlation was found between the GDNF level and severity of pain according to VAS-P: rS = 0.338, p = 0.044, and VAS-D: rS = 0.446, p = 0.006.ConclusionsAlexithymia was found in 40% of RA patients. Rheumatoid arthritis patients with alexithymia had a nonsignificantly higher GDNF level compared to patients without alexithymia. In RA patients with alexithymia, an association of GDNF level in the blood plasma with RA activity, loss of functional capacity and reduced quality of life was established. Alexithymia in RA patients is an important factor in the clinical manifestation of RA and modification of the pathophysiological role of GDNF.
A CASE STUDY ON TEACHING METHODS USED TO TEACH LEARNERS WITH HEARING IMPAIRMENT AT BUBUBU PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN ZANZIBAR.
Authors: FATMA HAMOUD JUMA  , JAYNE CLAIRE  
Published: April 2024

Background:
This study aimed to investigate the teaching methods used to teach learners with hearing impairment at, Mtopepo, Chuini, Kama, and Kidichi primary schools of Bububu ward in Zanzibar.
Methodology:
A descriptive case study research was conducted in which Qualitative data was collected from 36 members who included 25 learners 25 ordinary teachers, 5 Academic masters, and 5 head teachers from the selected schools.
Results:
The majority of respondents were Females 40 (66.6%) and 20 (33.3%) were males. 30 (50%) had primary education. 10 (16.6%) certificate education and 20 (33.3%) diploma education. By age, 58.3% of the respondents were 5 -15 years, 16.6% were 16 – 35 years and 25% were 36-55 years. The themes of the study were Headteacher understanding of the academic master lesson, Ordinary teacher-appropriate teaching methods, and Learner contribution in the class. Most teachers use a general approach to the students in a mixed class without considering that some students with special needs require a particular approach to understand the lesson. Some teachers were doing recommended teaching approaches to the students with special needs and their students were performing well, sometimes well compared to other normal students. Some teachers found it uneasy to teach students with special needs and lacked sufficient teaching knowledge, special tools, and materials like sign language knowledge which they also did not understand.
Conclusion:
There was a shortage of special needs teachers for hearing impairment in all the selected schools. The schools lacked enough special needs teachers who could be used to teach inclusive classes for hearing-impaired learners.
Recommendation:
The Ministry of Education Vocational Training of Zanzibar should improve teaching and learning methods for learners with hearing impairment in primary schools of Zanzibar.
Implementasi E-Modul Berbantuan Google Sites dengan Model PBL dalam Pembelajaran IPS untuk Meningkatkan Minat dan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik
Authors: Efendi Bintang Muhammad Sahara , Insani Nailul 
Published: April 2024

Rendahnya minat belajar dalam mata pelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial merupakan tantangan yang dihadapi oleh pendidik di sekolah. Minat belajar yang rendah ini disebabkan salah satunya dikarenakan oleh kurang kreatifnya guru dalam menyesuaikan kebutuhan dan keinginan peserta didik saat proses pembelajaran di kelas. Mengatasi hal tersebut, maka diperlukannya studi ini yang bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan hasil implementasi E-Modul berbantuan Google Sites dengan model Problem Based Learning dalam pembelajaran IPS untuk meningkatkan minat dan hasil belajar peserta didik kelas VIII. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain quasi-experiment dengan satu kelompok pre-test dan post-test. Data dikumpulkan dari observasi, wawancara, kuesioner, hingga dokumentasi yang dalam hal ini dikhususkan dari peserta didik di kelas VIII-J. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan minat belajar dan hasil belajar peserta didik setelah dilakukannya perlakuan di dalam kelas. Penggunaan E-Modul dan model PBL mempengaruhi positif minat belajar dan hasil belajar peserta didik.
Multi-centennial evolution of the climate response and deep-ocean heat uptake in a set of abrupt stabilization scenarios with EC-Earth3
Authors: Fabiano Federico , Davini Paolo , Meccia Virna L. , Zappa Giuseppe , Bellucci Alessio , Lembo Valerio , Bellomo Katinka , Corti Susanna 
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Understanding long-term committed climate change due to anthropogenic forcing is key to informing climate policies, yet these timescales are still underexplored. We present here a set of 1000-year-long abrupt stabilization simulations performed with EC-Earth3. Each simulation follows a sudden stabilization of the external forcing at the level specified by CMIP6 for historical (1990) or SSP5-8.5 scenario (2025, 2050, 2065, 2080, 2100) conditions, with a final temperature increase ranging between 1.4 and 9.6 K with respect to the pre-industrial baseline. Remarkably, the simulation stabilized at a greenhouse gas (GHG) level close to the present day (2025) exceeds the Paris Agreement goals of 1.5 and 2° warming above pre-industrial in the long term, and only the 1990 simulation leads to a stabilized climate below 1.5° warming. We first focus on the evolution of the climate response at multi-centennial timescales and its dependence on the level of forcing. We note a decrease in the magnitude of the climate feedback parameter at longer timescales. Conversely, simulations with higher forcing exhibit a larger feedback parameter (in magnitude). Subsequently, the evolution of surface warming patterns over multi-centennial timescales is studied. While the response is generally consistent across simulations, some variations, particularly in the South Pacific and at high latitudes, suggest a certain level of state or forcing dependence. The patterns of precipitation change also evolve during the stabilization runs: the drying trends found in the subtropical oceans and in Mediterranean-like hotspots in the SSP5-8.5 scenario tend to be reduced or even reversed. We finally focus on the rate of heat storage in the global ocean, which is the main driver of the climate response at multi-centennial timescales. We find that the rate of warming of the deep ocean is almost independent from the amplitude of the forcing so that most of the additional heat remains in the upper layers at high forcing. This might be due – at least partly – to a decreased ventilation of the deep ocean, caused by changes in the Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC). These results highlight the importance of studying multi-centennial timescales of climate change to better understand the response of the deep ocean, which will play a crucial role in determining the final state of the climate system once GHG concentrations are stabilized.
Analysis of the effects of urban micro-scale vulnerabilities on tsunami evacuation using an agent-based model – case study in the city of Iquique, Chile
Authors: Cienfuegos Rodrigo , Álvarez Gonzalo , León Jorge , Urrutia Alejandro , Castro Sebastián 
Published: April 2024

Abstract. The occurrence of mega-tsunamis over the last couple of decades has greatly increased the efforts of the research community and practitioners to work hand in hand to reduce risks from these highly destructive threats. Protecting the population through evacuation is the best alternative for avoiding loss of life in the wake of the occurrence of a tsunamigenic earthquake. Therefore, guaranteeing the proper state of evacuation routes is very important to ensuring appropriate movement to the safe zones. This study carries out a detailed analysis of possible evacuation scenarios, considering the actual state of the escape routes of Iquique, a Chilean city prone to tsunamis, with a substantial number of urban micro-scale vulnerabilities, i.e., elements that obstruct or complicate pedestrian flow. The quantification of the delay in evacuation processes resulting from the presence of urban micro-vulnerabilities is carried out through micro-scale agent-based model (ABM) simulations. In addition, these results are integrated with high-resolution tsunami inundation simulations, allowing for an estimation of the potential number of people that the tsunami may reach under different scenarios by emulating the dynamics and behavior of the population and the decision-making regarding the starting time of the evacuation.
The different dynamic influences of Typhoon Kalmaegi on two pre-existing anticyclonic ocean eddies
Authors: He Yihao , Lin Xiayan , Han Guoqing , Liu Yu , Zhang Han 
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Using multi-source observational data and GLORYS12V1 reanalysis data, we conduct a comparative analysis of different responses of two warm eddies, AE1 and AE2 in the northern South China Sea, to Typhoon Kalmaegi during September 2014. The findings of our research are as follows: (1) for horizontal distribution, the area and the sea surface temperature (SST) of AE1 and AE2 decrease by about 31 % (36 %) and 0.4 °C (0.6 °C). The amplitude, Rossby number (Ro = relative vorticity / Coriolis parameter) and eddy kinetic energy (EKE) of AE1 increase by 1.3 cm (5.7 %), 1.4×10-2 (20.6 %) and 107.2 cm2 s−2 (49.2 %) after the typhoon, respectively, while AE2 weakens and the amplitude, Rossby number and EKE decrease by 3.1 cm (14.6 %), 1.6×10-2 (26.2 %) and 38.5 cm2 s−2 (20.2 %), respectively. (2) In the vertical direction, AE1 demonstrates enhanced convergence, leading to an increase in temperature and a decrease in salinity above 150 m. The response below the mixed-layer depth (MLD) is particularly prominent (1.3 °C). In contrast, AE2 experiences cooling and a decrease in salinity above the MLD. Below the MLD, it exhibits a subsurface temperature drop and salinity increase due to the upwelling of cold water induced by the suction effect of the typhoon. (3) The disparity in the responses of the two warm eddies can be attributed to their different positions relative to Typhoon Kalmaegi. Under the influence of negative wind stress curl outside the maximum wind radius (Rmax) of the typhoon, triggering negative Ekman pumping velocity (EPV) and quasi-geostrophic adjustment of the eddy, the warm eddy AE1, with its center to the left of the typhoon's path, further enhances the converging sinking of the upper warm water, resulting in its intensification. On the other hand, the warm eddy AE2, situated closer to the center of the typhoon, weakens due to the cold suction caused by the strong positive wind stress curl within the typhoon's Rmax. The same polarity eddies may have different response to typhoons. The distance between eddies and typhoons, eddy intensity, and the background field need to be considered.
Surface heat fluxes at coarse blocky Murtèl rock glacier (Engadine, eastern Swiss Alps)
Authors: Amschwand Dominik , Scherler Martin , Hoelzle Martin , Krummenacher Bernhard , Haberkorn Anna , Kienholz Christian , Gubler Hansueli 
Published: April 2024

Abstract. We estimate the surface energy balance (SEB) of the Murtèl rock glacier, a seasonally snow-covered permafrost landform with a ventilated coarse blocky active layer (AL) located in the eastern Swiss Alps. We focus on the parameterisation of the turbulent heat fluxes. Seasonally contrasting atmospheric conditions occur in the Murtèl cirque, with downslope katabatic jets in winter and a strongly unstable atmosphere over the heated blocky surface in summer. We use a novel comprehensive sensor array both above the ground surface and in the coarse blocky AL to track the rapid coupling by convective heat and moisture fluxes between the atmosphere, the snow cover, and the AL for the time period September 2020–September 2022. The in situ sensor array includes a sonic anemometer for eddy-covariance flux above-ground and sub-surface long-wave radiation measurements in a natural cavity between the AL blocks. During the thaw seasons, the measurements suggest an efficient (∼ 90 %) export of the available net radiation by sensible and latent turbulent fluxes, thereby strongly limiting the heat available for melting ground ice. Turbulent export of heat and moisture drawn from the permeable AL contributes to the well-known insulating effect of the coarse blocky AL and partly explains the climate resiliency of rock glaciers. This self-cooling capacity is counteracted by an early snow melt-out date, exposing the low-albedo blocky surface to the intense June–July insolation and causing reduced evaporative cooling due to exacerbated moisture scarcity in the near-surface AL during dry spells. With climate change, earlier snowmelt and increased frequency, duration, and intensity of heat waves and droughts are projected. Regarding the parameterisation of the turbulent fluxes, we estimated the year-round turbulent fluxes using a modified Louis (1979) scheme. The monthly SEB is closed within 20 W m−2 except during the snowmelt months and under katabatic drainage winds in winter. Detected sensible turbulent fluxes from nocturnal ventilation processes, although a potentially important ground cooling mechanism, are within our 20 W m−2 uncertainty because nighttime wind speeds are low. Wintertime katabatic wind speeds needed to be scaled to close the SEB, which hints at the limits of parameterisations based on the Monin–Obukhov similarity theory in complex mountain terrain and katabatic drainage winds. The present work contributes to the process understanding of the SEB and climate sensitivity of coarse blocky landforms.
الدلالة الصوتية لرسم الحرف القرآني في رواية قالون
Authors: المدني الطاهر محمد , تواتوا أيوب محمد 
Published: April 2024

الدلالة الصوتية لرسم الحرف القرآني في رواية قالون
يهتم هذا البحث بدراسة العلاقة بين الحروف في القرآن الكريم ورموزها الكتابية، في رواية قالون عن نافع المدني، بمعنى هل تمثل الحروف المرسومة رموزها المتعارفة معيارياً، أم أنّ هناك انحرافات عن تلك الرموز، فتُمثّلُ بأكثر من رمز حين يتم تعويضها بصوت آخر لعلاقة بين الصوتين فيما عرف بالإبدال أو القلب، أو المماثلة، أو لعلاقة تاريخية، وما دلالة رسم الحرف برمز غير رمزه المتعارف، بل ما الدلالة الصوتية للحرف الذي يُرسم برمزين مختلفين في كلمة واحدة أو كلمتين متجاورتين، مع ملاحظة أن هذا البحث يدرس ما هو واقع فعلي معمول به في رواية قالون.
بتتبع هذه العلاقات تبين أن الرسم المزدوج للحرف يحدث لأسباب صوتية أكدها البحث من خلال دراسته لما يعرف بتاء التأنيث والهاء المربوطة، وفي رسم تنوين النصب ألفاً.
ودرس البحث دلالة رسم الحروف برموز غير التي تعارف عليها الرسم المعياري لها وذلك حين تتغير بحكم تجاورها مع ما يقاربها ومن ذلك رسم تاء افتعل دالا إذا سبقها زاي أو ذال أو دال حال كونها ساكنة، فأصل الدال في كل ذلك تاءٌ ، ومنها رسم تاء افتعل طاءً، إذا سبقها صاد، أو ظاء، أو ضاد، أو طاء وكن سواكناً، أنّما رُسمت بالرمز الجديد للمنطوق بفعل القوانين الصوتية، حيث يبدأ الحرف برمز ويصير إلى آخر.
كما تناول البحث الحرف الذي رُسم برمز ولكن المنطوق هو صوتٌ غيره، يحدث ذلك في رسم الألف ياءً فيما أصله ياء، في مثل: فتىا، و استسقىـاـه، رأىا، و رسم الألف واواً فيما أصله واو في مثل ألفاظ: الصلـاوة، و الزكـاوة ، و الحيـاوة ، ومن ذلك ما يحدث فيما يُعرف بالإقلاب، وهو عبارة عن قلب النون الساكنة و التنوين ميما عند الباء، فالمرسوم هو النون أو التنوين والمنطوق هو الميم، في نحو: أنـمبأهم، و أنْم بورك، وهنيأم بما، و لقد رُسم الهمز المسهل بين بين، والهمز المبدل بالتغديرة، حيث إن التغديرة تخلف الهمزة المحذوفة رسماً، ولكن المنطوق هو الألف، أو الياء المدية، أو الواو المدية، في حال الهمز المسهل، وتنطق ياءً أو واواً لينتين في حال الإبدال، و كل هذه التغيرات في المنطوق والمرسوم سببها تجاور الحروف وتقاربها في المخارج والصفات.
وتوصل البحث إلى نتائج أهمها أن الرسم المزدوج للحروف مرده إلى القواعد الصوتية التي تفرضه، كما لاستقلالية الكلمتين المتجاورتين أثر في ذلك، وأن بعض الاتصال في كلمات يكون حكمياً وليس حقيقياً وله أثره في الرسم، وأن العلاقة بين الحرف ورمزه تتأثر إضافة إلى علاقات التقارب والتجاور تتأثر بالعلاقة التاريخية لكتابة الحروف، وتخضع مبدأ التطور.