bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Religious Climate and Health Risk Behaviors in Sexual Minority Youths: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Hatzenbuehler Mark L. , Pachankis John E. , Wolff Joshua 
Published: February 2012

Objectives. We examined whether the health risk behaviors of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) youths are determined in part by the religious composition of the communities in which they live. Methods. Data were collected from 31 852 high school students, including 1413 LGB students, who participated in the Oregon Healthy Teens survey in 2006 through 2008. Supportive religious climate was operationalized according to the proportion of individuals (of the total number of religious adherents) who adhere to a religion supporting homosexuality. Comprehensive data on religious climate were derived from 85 denominational groups in 34 Oregon counties. Results. Among LGB youths, living in a county with a religious climate that was supportive of homosexuality was associated with significantly fewer alcohol abuse symptoms (odds ratio [OR] = 0.58; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.40, 0.85) and fewer sexual partners (OR = 0.77; 95% CI = 0.60, 0.99). The effect of religious climate on health behaviors was stronger among LGB than heterosexual youths. Results remained robust after adjustment for multiple confounding factors. Conclusions. The religious climate surrounding LGB youths may serve as a determinant of their health risk behaviors.
A Comparison of Generic Skills and Emotional Intelligence in Accounting Education
Authors: Daff Lyn , de Lange Paul , Jackling Beverley 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACT
Embedding generic skills such as communication and teamwork in the accounting curriculum continues to attract attention from stakeholders. In parallel, the business world and more recently some faculty, have recognized and explored the need to incorporate emotional intelligence (EI) in the curriculum. EI is viewed as a desirable quality as it allows accountants to excel in strategic decision making, teamwork, leadership, and client relations. We contend that in the quest to find the best employees, employers have focused on EI, whereas accounting faculty have placed less emphasis on EI skill development and a greater emphasis on generic skills. This paper addresses the need for accountants to have a combination of EI and generic skills. The commonalities and differences between an EI framework and a generic skills framework are identified when the two are juxtaposed. This provides guidance for faculty seeking to develop highly skilled graduates via the development of a range of curriculum resources designed to enhance EI.
Examining the Psychological Pathways to Behavior Change in a Group-Based Lifestyle Program to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Critchley Christine R. , Hardie Elizabeth A. , Moore Susan M. 
Published: February 2012

OBJECTIVE
To examine the psychological process of lifestyle change among adults at risk for type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A randomized control trial in which 307 volunteers (intervention, n = 208; wait control, n = 99) diagnosed with prediabetes completed a six-session group-based intervention to promote healthier living. Participants’ motivation to change, diet and exercise self-efficacy, mood, knowledge about diabetes, activity levels, healthy eating, waist circumference, and weight were assessed before and after the program.

RESULTS
Participation in the program was associated with significant increases in healthy eating and physical activity, reductions in waist and weight, and improvements in motivation, positive mood, self-efficacy, and knowledge. Examination of the pathways to lifestyle change showed that the educational aspect of the program increased activity levels because it increased diabetes knowledge and improved mood. Eating behavior was not mediated by any of the psychological variables. Improvements in diet and physical activity were, in turn, directly associated with changes in weight and waist circumference.

CONCLUSIONS
Although the program significantly improved motivation, self-efficacy, and mood, its impact on knowledge uniquely explained the increase in physical activity. Group-based programs that are tailored to lifestyle behaviors may provide a cost-effective method of diabetes prevention, but more research is needed to explain why they improve healthy eating.
Sustained Effects of a Mindfulness-Based Stress-Reduction Intervention in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Hartmann Mechthild , Kopf Stefan , Kircher Claudia , Faude-Lang Verena , Djuric Zdenka , Augstein Florian , Friederich Hans-Christoph , Kieser Meinhard , Bierhaus Angelika , Humpert Per M. , Herzog Wolfgang , Nawroth Peter P. 
Published: February 2012

OBJECTIVE
To determine whether a mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) intervention is effective for reducing psychosocial distress (i.e., depression, psychosocial stress) and the progression of nephropathy (i.e., albuminuria) and for improving the subjective health status of patients with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria were randomized to a mindfulness-based intervention (n = 53) or a treatment-as-usual control (n = 57) group. The study is designed to investigate long-term outcomes over a period of 5 years. We present data up to the first year of follow-up (FU).

RESULTS
At FU, the MBSR group showed lower levels of depression (d = 0.71) and improved health status (d = 0.54) compared with the control group. No significant differences in albuminuria were found. Per-protocol analysis also showed higher stress reduction in the intervention group (d = 0.64).

CONCLUSIONS
MBSR intervention achieved a prolonged reduction in psychosocial distress. The effects on albuminuria will be followed up further.
Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 Mass and Activity and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in a Population With High Prevalences of Obesity and Diabetes
Authors: Kizer Jorge R. , Umans Jason G. , Zhu Jianhui , Devereux Richard B. , Wolfert Robert L. , Lee Elisa T. , Howard Barbara V. 
Published: February 2012

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the association of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (LpPLA2) mass and activity with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a population with high prevalences of insulin resistance and diabetes, conditions for which epidemiological data remain sparse.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We conducted a nested, case-control study (n = 1,008) within a population-based cohort of American Indians. Case subjects were defined by incidence of first-ever CVD up to 10 years later. Control subjects comprised participants free of CVD events during the follow-up period who were frequency matched to case subjects by age, sex, and diabetes status. LpPLA2 mass and activity were measured using commercially available assays.

RESULTS
LpPLA2 mass and activity were moderately correlated with each other (r = 0.30), but only LpPLA2 activity exhibited moderate correlations with lipid fractions. After extensive adjustment for covariates, both LpPLA2 measures were significantly associated with incident CVD, but the relationship was inverse for LpPLA2 mass (highest versus lowest tertile, relative risk [RR] 0.55 [95% CI 0.39–0.79]) and positive for LpPLA2 activity (highest versus lowest tertile, 1.65 [1.12–2.42]). These associations were similar when participants with and without diabetes were examined separately.

CONCLUSIONS
In this population-based cohort enriched with dysmetabolic phenotypes, LpPLA2 mass and activity showed divergent associations with CVD. The inverse relationship for LpPLA2 mass is contrary to observations from predominantly nondiabetic populations and will require independent replication. Whether this finding relates to redistribution of LpPLA2 to lipoprotein classes where it is less atherogenic or reflects incomplete measurement of LpPLA2 mass associated with altered lipoprotein composition in insulin resistance warrants further investigation.
The Risk of a Persistent Glucose Metabolism Impairment After Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Is Increased in Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Palomba Stefano , Falbo Angela , Russo Tiziana , Rivoli Laura , Orio Marcello , Cosco Andrea Gregorio , Vero Raffaella , Capula Carmelo , Tolino Achille , Zullo Fulvio , Colao Annamaria , Orio Francesco 
Published: February 2012

OBJECTIVE
To test the hypothesis that the risk of persistent glucose impairment after gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is increased in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The prospective case-control study included 42 pregnant patients with PCOS and GDM and 84 pregnant control patients with GDM but without clinical and biochemical hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovaries, and oligo-anovulation. The case and control subjects were matched one to two for age and BMI. The glycemic profiles were studied in all subjects 6 weeks, 12 weeks, and 18 months after delivery. The incidence and the relative risk (RR) were calculated for overall persistence of an abnormal glycemic pattern and for each specific alteration, i.e., impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and diabetes mellitus (DM).

RESULTS
At 18 months after delivery, the incidences of IFG, IGT, and IFG-IGT were significantly (P &lt; 0.05) higher in the cases than in the controls. At the 18-month follow-up, the RR for the composite outcome of glucose metabolism impairment in PCOS women was 3.45 (95% CI 1.82–6.58).

CONCLUSIONS
Patients with PCOS are at increased risk for a persistent impaired glucose metabolism after GDM.
Abundance of Circulating Preadipocyte Factor 1 in Early Life
Authors: de Zegher Francis , Díaz Marta , Sebastiani Giorgia , Martín-Ancel Ana , Sánchez-Infantes David , López-Bermejo Abel , Ibáñez Lourdes 
Published: February 2012

OBJECTIVE
Soluble preadipocyte factor 1 (Pref-1) inhibits adipocyte differentiation. We tested whether circulating levels of soluble Pref-1 are higher in smaller fetuses.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We performed longitudinal assessments of circulating Pref-1 in infants born appropriate for gestational age (AGA) or small for gestational age (SGA) and also in late-gestational women and in newborns on days 2 and 3.

RESULTS
At birth, Pref-1 levels were ~100-fold higher than in adults, being in SGA fetuses ~50% higher than in AGA fetuses. By age 4 months, Pref-1 had reached near-adult levels and the original AGA versus SGA difference had disappeared. Pref-1 levels were low in late-gestational women and were still elevated in newborns.

CONCLUSIONS
Pref-1 is abundantly present in the fetus, is higher in SGA than in AGA fetuses, and is likely to be of fetal origin. We speculate that Pref-1 in early life contributes to variation in postnatal adipocyte numbers, in the subsequent expandability of adipose tissue, and thus in the susceptibility to diabetes in later life.
Contrast Ratio and Masking Ability of Three Ceramic Veneering Materials
Authors: Shono NN , Nahedh HNA Al 
Published: February 2012

SUMMARYStatement of the ProblemPorcelain veneer materials are translucent and are therefore affected by their thickness as well as the color of the underlying substructure, which limits their masking ability and compromises the esthetic result in heavily stained teeth.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to compare the contrast ratio (CR) and masking ability of three different veneering ceramics with two thicknesses by measuring the color differences over white and black backgrounds. Correlations between CR and masking ability of these veneering ceramics were evaluated.Methods and MaterialsA total of 30 disc-shaped specimens (12 mm diameter × 1.0 mm or 1.5 mm) were fabricated in shade A2 from three types of all-ceramic systems: IPS e.max Press (IPSe; Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtensein), Vita VM7 (VM7; VITA Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany), and Nobel Rondo Press Alumina: Solo (NRPA; Nobel Biocare, Zürich-Flughafen, Switzerland). The CR, defined as the ratio of illuminance (Y) of the test material when placed on the black background (Yb) to the illuminance of the same material when placed over a white background (Yw), was determined (CR=Yb/Yw). The color (CIE L*a*b*) and Y of each specimen were measured over standard white and black tiles using a spectrophotometer (ColorEye 7000 A, Model C6, GretagMacbeth, New Windsor, NY, USA). Masking abilities of the specimens were determined by measuring the color difference (ΔE) over white and black backgrounds. Both CR and ΔE data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). One-way ANOVA was used to compare the mean values of CR across the three materials followed by the Duncan multiple comparison test. The correlations between CR and ΔE were determined by comparing R2 values obtained from a linear regression analysis. A Student t-test for independent samples was used to compare the mean contrast ratio and ΔE values for the two thicknesses.ResultsCR values of NRPA were significantly less than those of IPSe and VM7, and the CR of IPSe was higher than that of VM7. Furthermore, CR increased as the thickness of the discs increased to 1.5 mm for all three materials. Mean ΔE values were significantly higher with 1.0-mm-thick discs than with 1.5-mm discs. Among the three materials it was observed that NRPA had the highest ΔE when compared with IPSe or VM7, whereas the ΔE of the latter two were not significantly different from one another. There was a strong linear correlation between CR and masking ability.ConclusionCR and masking ability are affected by the type as well as the thickness of the ceramic used. IPSe and VM7 are similar in their masking abilities, whereas NRPA had the lowest masking ability. NRPA was the most translucent, followed by VM7; IPSe was the most opaque. None of the materials tested was able to completely mask the black background. It is therefore recommended that the type of ceramic should be chosen according to each clinical situation.
Factors Affecting Dental Air-Turbine Handpiece Bearing Failure
Authors: Wei M , Dyson JE , Darvell BW 
Published: February 2012

SUMMARY

Objectives
To investigate the influence of various factors on air-turbine handpiece bearing failure through developing standard protocols for testing the bearing longevity.

Methods
Groups of four air-turbine assemblies (Synea TA-98, W&H, Dentalwerk, Bürmoos, Austria) were subjected repeatedly to a full binary combinatorial set of operating conditions: with and without lubrication, simulated clinical loading, and corrosion protection, all with autoclaving, to the point of failure. A control set was lubricated only. Lubrication (Assistina, W&H), autoclaving (ST-Im30b, Eschmann Bros & Walsh, West Sussex, England), simulated clinical loading (0.56 N at 45° to the turbine axis, after autoclaving), and corrosion protection during autoclaving (magnesium sacrificial anode) were used as required. Free-running speed (Hz) and bearing resistance (μNm) were determined (Darvell-Dyson testing machine) at baseline and after every 10 cycles until turbine failure. Three-way analysis of variance (lubrication × loading × corrosion protection) of log(cycles to failure), with α = 0.05, was used.

Results
All autoclaved turbines had failed by 560 cycles, while the controls failed at 960-1000 cycles. All three main effects were significant: loading (p&lt;10−6), lubrication (p&lt;0.0002), and corrosion protection (p&lt;0.02), as was the interaction lubrication × loading (p&lt;10−6). No other interaction attained significance.

Conclusions
Running under load was the most important factor affecting bearing longevity. While autoclaving clearly has a detrimental effect, lubrication effectively increases longevity. A sacrificial anode may be economically worthwhile to extend life further, but low-load usage patterns, as generally instructed, are confirmed as beneficial.
Evaluation of Outgassing, Tear Strength, and Detail Reproduction in Alginate Substitute Materials
Authors: Baxter RT , Lawson NC , Cakir D , Beck P , Ramp LC , Burgess JO 
Published: February 2012

SUMMARY

Objective
To compare three alginate substitute materials to an alginate impression material for cast surface porosity (outgassing), tear strength, and detail reproduction.

Materials and Methods
Detail reproduction tests were performed following American National Standards Institute/American Dental Association (ANSI/ADA) Specification No. 19. To measure tear strength, 12 samples of each material were made using a split mold, placed in a water bath until testing, and loaded in tension until failure at a rate of 500 mm/min using a universal testing machine. For cast surface porosity testing, five impressions of a Teflon mold with each material were placed in a water bath (37.8°C) for the in-mouth setting time and poured with vacuum-mixed Silky Rock die stone at 5, 10, 30, and 60 minutes from the start of mixing. The gypsum samples were analyzed with a digital microscope for surface porosity indicative of hydrogen gas release by comparing the surface obtained at each interval with four casts representing no, little, some, and significant porosity. Data analysis was performed using parametric and Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey/Kramer post-hoc tests (α=0.05), and individual Mann-Whitney U tests (α=0.0167).

Results
All alginate substitute materials passed the detail reproduction test. Tear strength of the alginate substitute materials was significantly better than alginate and formed three statistically different groups: AlgiNot had the lowest tear strength, Algin-X Ultra had the highest tear strength, and Position Penta Quick had intermediate tear strength. Significant variation in outgassing existed between materials and pouring times (p&lt;0.05). All alginate substitute materials exhibited the least outgassing and cast porosity 60 minutes after mixing.

Conclusions
Detail reproduction and tear strength of alginate substitute materials were superior to traditional alginate. The outgassing effect was minimal for most materials tested. Alginate substitute materials are superior replacements for irreversible hydrocolloid.
Dosimetric comparison of three dimensional conformal radiotherapy and intensity modulated radiotherapy in high grade gliomas
Authors: Sarkar Biplab , Goswami Jyotirup , Basu Ayan , Sriramprasath S. 
Published: February 2012

Dosimetric comparison of three dimensional conformal radiotherapy and intensity modulated radiotherapy in high grade gliomas
Treatment of high-grade gliomas continues to be frustrating for the clinician as the medial survival stands at a dismal 14.5 months for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) with the current standard of care. Given the high dose and generous margins required to be irradiated, three dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) has become standard practice. Radiation dose escalation beyond 60 Gy, by means of stereotactic or intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) boost, has not yielded clinically significant benefits in terms of local control or survival. At the same time, the potential of IMRT to spare normal tissues such as the brain stem and the optic apparatus makes it an attractive tool for modern radiation oncologists in seeking to improve post-radiotherapy quality of life. At our centre, we have been treating a large number of cases of high grade glioma with 3DCRT and IMRT for the last several years. The present study has been an effort to understand any potential benefits that IMRT, even without dose escalation, can offer.
Estimation of the propagation direction and spectral properties of the EEG signals registered during sevoflurane anaesthesia using Directed Transfer Function method
Authors: Olejarczyk Elzbieta , Kaminski Maciej , Marciniak Radoslaw , Byrczek Tomasz , Stasiowski Michal , Jalowiecki Przemyslaw , Sobieszek Aleksander , Zmyslowski Wojciech 
Published: February 2012

Estimation of the propagation direction and spectral properties of the EEG signals registered during sevoflurane anaesthesia using Directed Transfer Function method
The aim of this study was to estimate spectral properties and propagation of the EEG signals registered during sevoflurane anaesthesia between individual EEG recording channels. The intensities of activity flows were calculated for delta, theta, alpha and beta waves using the Directed Transfer Function integration procedure. It was found that delta waves played the dominant role in the EEG signal propagation during anesthesia and it was suggested that theta and alpha waves propagation could be related to the processes participating in the wakefulness control. Data obtained with DTF method were compared with data received from the analysis of cerebral blood flow with the use of PET in other laboratory. This study showed that analysis of the EEG signal propagation is useful for better understanding and thus safer induction of anaesthesia procedure.
Phytophagous Entomofauna of Tomato, Paprika and Eggplant Occurring on Plantations in Poland in 1919-2010
Authors: Szwejda Jerzy , Rogowska Maria 
Published: February 2012

Phytophagous Entomofauna of Tomato, Paprika and Eggplant Occurring on Plantations in Poland in 1919-2010
In Poland, in the years 1919-2010, in field crops of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), paprika (Capsicum annuum L.) and eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) there were found 52 phytophagous species belonging to 6 orders of insects: Orthoptera, Thysanoptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera and Diptera. The number of pest species occurring on the different crops was: tomato - 39, paprika - 41, eggplant - 27.
The presented phytophagous entomofauna proved to be stable in terms of species composition over the years of observations. However, there was a significant variation in population size, which was subject to considerable fluctuations in successive growing seasons.
The dominant species posing a threat to plantations every year included: for tomato: Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata), green peach aphid (Myzus persicae), soil pests: cutworm (Agrotis sp), wireworms (Agriotes sp) and white grubs (Melolontha sp); for paprika: onion thrips (Thrips tabaci), green peach aphid (Myzus persicae), bugs (Lygus sp.); for eggplant: green peach aphid (Myzus persicae), Colorado beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineatas), onion thrips (Thrips tabaci).
Bioregulators Favourably Affect the Levels of Vitamins and Sugars in Tomato Fruit Tissues
Authors: Olaiya Charles 
Published: February 2012

Bioregulators Favourably Affect the Levels of Vitamins and Sugars in Tomato Fruit Tissues
This study aimed to examine the influence of exogenous application of the bioregulators indole acetic acid (IAA), indole butyric acid (IBA) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) on the vitamin and sugar content of tomatoes. Harvested fruits of the treated tomato genotypes, namely NHLy 11, NHLy 12, NHLy 13, NHLy 15 and NHLy 16, were analysed for these parameters. Spectrophotometric analysis results showed that IAA significantly increased (p<0.05) the concentrations of β-carotene, vitamin A and ascorbate in all the tested genotypes, with the highest values of 707.84 μg·100 g-1 fwb, 118.21 μg·100 g-1 RE and 20.36 μg·100 g-1 fwb, respectively, in the NHLy16 genotype. The total sugar content was not significantly affected by the treatments. It is proposed that exogenous application of these bioregulators to plant foods such as tomatoes can improve their phytonutrient concentrations, promoting better public health.