bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
انعكاسات جائحة كورونا وأثرها على طلبة المرحلة الابتدائية في محافظة صلاح الدين من وجهة نظر المعلمين
Authors: احمد الجبوري ناظم خلف 
Published: May 2024

رمى هذا البحث إلى التعرف على انعكاسات جائحة كورونا وأثرها على طلبة المرحلة الابتدائية من وجهة نظر المعلمين، ولإنجاز أهداف البحث استعمل الباحث مقياس ليكرت الخماسي، وطور الباحث استبيان مكونة من أربع مجالات هي (النفسي، السلوكي، الصحي والأكاديمي) وتكون الاستبيان من (36) فقرة، وقام الباحث بتوزيعها على عينة البحث المكونة من (200) معلم ومعلمة ن معلمي المدارس الابتدائية في محافظة صلاح الدين \ قسم تربية الضلوعية، وقد تبين من نتائج البحث أن أثر انعكاسات جائحة كورونا على الطلبة في محافظة صلاح الدين \قسم تربية الضلوعية جاءت في المرتبة الأولى للمجال السلوكي بأعلى متوسط حسابي بلغ ( 3.45) بينما جاء المجال الأكاديمي في المرتبة الأخيرة والمتوسط الحسابي بلغ (3.01) كما أن النتائج بينت وجود فروق إحصائية (α=0.05) بين تقديرات أفراد عينة البحث لمتغير الجنس وذلك لصالح الذكور، وعدم وجود فروق إحصائية في تقديرات أفراد عينة البحث على أثر انعكاسات جائحة كورونا على الطلبة في محافظة صلاح الدين \قسم تربية الضلوعية، تبعا لمتغيرات المرحلة التعليمية عند الطلبة.
مستوى التفكير التحليليِّ لدى طلَّاب الصف الرابع العلمي وعلاقته بتحصيلهم في مادَّة الرياضيات
Authors: محمد أمين الحبَّــار عبدالواحد لقمان 
Published: May 2024

يهدف البحث الحالي التعرُّف مستوى التفكير التحليليِّ لدى طلَّاب الصف الرابع العلمي وعلاقته بتحصيلهم في مادَّة الرياضيات, وتكوّنت عيِّنة البحث من (178) طالباً من طلَّاب الصف الرابع العلمي للعام الدراسي (2022-2023م)، تمَّ اختيارهم عشوائيَّاً من طلَّاب إعدادية الصدِّيق للبنين في مدينة الموصل، ولتحقيق هدف البحث أعدَّ الباحث اختبارين: الأوَّل: اختبار التفكير التحليليِّ تكوَّن بصيغته النهائية من (20) فقرة ثلاثية البدائل, والثاني: اختبار تحصيليِّ تكوَّن من (10) فقرات شبه مقاليَّة, وبعد تحقّــق الباحث من صدقهما وثباتهما, طـبّق الاختبارين على أفراد عيِّنة البحث, وبعد جمع البيانات وتحليلها إحصائيَّاً توصَّل إلى النتائج الاتية:

مستوى التفكير التحليليِّ لدى طلَّاب الصف الرابع العلميِّ فوق المتوسِّط الفرضيِّ.
مستوى تحصيل مادَّة الرياضيات لدى طلَّاب الصف الرابع العلمي فوق المتوسِّط الفرضيِّ.
وجود فرقٍ دالٍّ إحصائياً في كلٍّ من التفكير التحليلي وتحصيل مادَّة الرياضيات لدى أفراد عينة البحث بين المتوسِّط المتحقِّـــق والمتوسِّط الفرضيِّ ولصالح المتوسِّط المتحقق.
توجد علاقةٌ ارتباطيةٌ موجبةٌ ودالَّةٌ إحصائياً بين التفكير التحليليِّ وتحصيل مادَّة الرياضيات.

وفي ضوء نتائج البحث خرج الباحث بعدد من التوصيات منها: توجيه مدرِّسي مادَّة الرياضيات في المرحلة الإعداديَّة إلى اعتماد الأساليب والطرائق التدريسية الحديثة التي تنمِّي التفكير بصورة عامَّة, والتفكير التحليليِّ بصورة خاصَّةٍ؛ لرفع مستواهم التحصيليِّ, والذي سينعكس على رفع مستواهم في باقي الموادِّ العلميَّة, واستكمالاً للبحث الحالي وضع الباحث مقترحاتٍ لبحوثٍ مستقبليَّةٍ.
Signs of the influence of the ancient Mari culture on the area of residence of the ancient Sami
Authors: Travin Ilia Aleksandrovich 
Published: May 2024

The subject of the study is the cultural influence of the ancient Aryan population on the area of residence of the ancient Sami population. The coinciding time frames of these populations' residence in the region provide a theoretical opportunity to consider the influence of their cultures on each other. The residence of the ancient Sami should have taken place with the development of the formation of culture, which has entered into modern Sami culture, and it is quite interesting to consider the possible process of borrowing cultural elements. From the point of view of the theory of cultural penetration, the task is to substantiate the possibility of the presence of individual elements in the culture of the ancient Sami, the influence of the culture of the ancient Mari. It is necessary to briefly consider the possible ways of movement of the ancestors of modern Sami, the possibility of meeting them with the ancient Mari. It is necessary to consider both the moments of borrowing in decorative and applied art, as well as in mythology and in the formation of the pantheon of gods. The method of carrying out the work is a scientific analysis of cultural data that allows us to trace the possible path of transmission of elements of culture, mythology and decorative and applied art. The novelty of scientific research consists in obtaining results that make it possible to understand the history of the emergence and formation in the culture of the ancient Sami of some iconic elements that have reached the present time through cultural continuity. The history of Sami culture is divided into three long stages. The period of the emergence of the headdress of a Sami married woman and its special form in the Sami culture is considered, and this period is attributed to the time preceding the relationship between the ancient Mari and the ancient Sami. The period of cultural exchange and cultural penetration between the ancient Mari and the ancient Sami includes the formation of a graphic symbol in the culture of the ancient Sami to express the image of a reindeer, the formation of a mythological character of a deer Man, an ancestor, and his name. The assumption of the influence of the religion of the ancient Mari, or rather, the worship of the god Yumo, on the religious culture of the ancient Sami is considered. As proof of the residence of the ancient Mari near the area of residence of the ancient Sami, an analysis is given of the possible origin of the name of the Kostroma River associated with the deity of the sacred grove in the Mari culture. The conclusion of the scientific work consists in a comprehensive analysis of the results and the development of a judgment on the possibility of the influence of the culture of the ancient Mari on the culture of the ancient Sami.
INCIDENCIA DE LOS SISTEMAS DE CONTROL CONTABLE EN LA GESTION ADMINISTRATIVA DE LAS EMPRESAS PRIVADAS EN LA PROVINCIA DE SANTA ELENA AÑO 2014
Authors: Bricio Karina , Caamaño Carol 
Published: May 2024

La presente investigaciones tiene como objetivo evaluar la incidencia de los sistemas de control contable en la gestion administrativa de las emoresas privadas en la provincia de Santa Elena, el proyecto está enmarcado dentro del área de gestion administrativa, comunicación organizacional, control contable, informes financieros, control de registros contables, entre otros, se han venido desarrollando desde hace años los procesos administrativos de una manera manual y se han implementadi sistemas de control financieras, sin embargo en las empresas ecuatorianas la contabilidad se ha convertido en una tecnica que se ocupa de registrar, clasificar y resumir las operaciones mercantiles de un negocio con el fin de interpretar sus resultados. Por consiguiente los gerentes o directores através de la contabilidad podrán orientarse sobre el curso que siguen sus negocios mediante sistemas o software contable. Los resultados podrán orientarse sobre el curso que siguen sus negocios y conocer las estabilidad y solvencia de la compañia, la corriente de cobros y pagos, las tendencias de las ventas, costos y gastos generales, con la técnica de observacion y mediantes entrevistas se determinó que en muchas empresas de provincia no hay sistemas de controles contables, el cual no manejan de forma eficiente los procesos contables ni administrativos, tambien se observó que se utilizó para el analisis correspondiente fue de tipo cuantitativo el cual se realizó encuestas a las personas que trabajan en las areas administrativas de las empresas de la provincia, entre los resultados encontrados se mecniona lo siguiente: los sistemas de control contable que utilizan actualmente las empresas son, el sistema Mónica, sistema Sagitario, el sistema Siscom,mennioaron tambien que la falta de sistemas de control contable retrasa la gestion administrativa de le empresa, necesitan cursos de capacitaciones y actualizaciones en temas de tributacion, sistemas Sat, sistemas de control de inventarios y finalmente mecionarion que con la implementacion de un sistemas de control contable mejoraria las gestion administrativa en la empresas de la provincia.
Role Of A Teacher In A Blended Learning MHPE Program: A Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Naveed Ayesha , Siddiq Amer , Khalid Saria , Shaikh Gul , Haque Ayesha , Farid Huma 
Published: May 2024

Background: During the last two years, the pandemic has taken a toll on education. However, E learning tools and other innovative computer software technologies are being widely adopted to deliver educational elements of different courses to students who are placed in far off areas from the university campus. However, Teaching is demanding and complex task and the key limitations in total e-learning format included limited interactions with peer and teachers, communication problems, and insufficient sense of bonding between the teacher and student. To address these issues concept of “blended learning” was adopted. Blended learning escalates the chances of student engagement, enhance critical-thinking development and improve learning processes in the presence of a valued teacher. However, whenever innovative techniques are introduced, it becomes essential to ensure that there is no impact on instructional integrity. Thus, the response of students who are amongst the main stakeholders is absolutely vital to confirm an effective implementation of any teaching and learning approach. Objective: This study provides help to the faculty who newly incorporate BLA (blended learning approach), also it provides guidance for educators and curriculum planners to effectively plan their modules while incorporating a BL approach in medical education. Study Design: Qualitative study (Phenomenology). Settings: Three universities, Riphah International University Islamabad, University of Lahore, Lahore and Khyber Medical University, Peshawar in Pakistan. Duration: Six months from February to August 2017 Methods: Sampling was done by purposive (homogenous) sampling. Study population included MHPE students from three different universities of Pakistan. Population size was 10 MHPE students who completed their course work, and data was collected through one on one semi structured interviews. All interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and analyzed manually as well as by importing in NVivo software version 11. Results: By a thematic analysis a total of six major areas were identified that influences the student learning in blended programs. Out of these the major influencing factor came out to be the role of teachers’ both in online and face to face sessions. This blended course design helped them to become more self-regulated, self-directed, lifelong and active learners, and they were also able to transfer these learning skills to their students as well. Conclusion: Students hold a positive perception of the BLA being offered in this MHPE program. Research findings suggests that a BL course design can be successfully used in postgraduate education as well as undergraduate studies it helped to impart new learning approaches in them. The main factors which were appreciated in these courses were flexible or hybrid course design, role of a teacher as facilitators who reinforced learning strategies towards learners’ professional needs.
Does Every Patient with Symptomatic Gallstones Need Cholecystectomy?
Authors: Cheema Kamran , Azeem Muhammad , Anjum Nawaz , Raza Ahmad 
Published: May 2024

Objective: The aim of this study is to identify the impact of preoperative clinical symptoms of biliary colic –whether classic, dyspeptic or atypical type- on operative or non-operative clinical outcome. Study Design: Prospective study. Settings: Department of Surgery, Sargodha Medical College, Sargodha Pakistan. Duration: 15-01-2016 to 01-12-2017. Methods: Randomize control trial. Results:106 patients with cholelithiasis were evaluated, out of which 86.79% (n- 92) underwent cholecystectomy. 91.3% (n-84) were asymptomatic postoperatively. More than 50% patients presented with associated symptoms like GIRD/reflux, dyspepsia (n-57). Heartburn/reflux patients were unresolved postoperatively (P=0.03). Overall, 12.2% (n-13) of patients and 21.2% of patients with associated symptoms improve with medical treatment of peptic ulcer/H-pylori triple regimen therapy pre/postoperatively. Conclusion: Patients with symptomatic gall stone associated with atypical presentation, may benefit from PPI treatment or H. pylori testing before cholecystectomy.
Effect of COVID-19 Vaccine on Blood Donor Deferral Patterns in PIMS, Islamabad
Authors: Sijjeel Farwa , Khalid Ahmareen , Khan Muhammad Yousaf , Bibi Nayab , Tahir Aisha , Mushtaq Zoobia , Nawaz Basharat , Khalil Sana 
Published: May 2024

Objective: To evaluate the effect of COVID-19 vaccine on overall donor deferral patterns in PIMS, Islamabad. Study Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Settings: This study was carried out at Blood Bank of Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Islamabad Pakistan. Duration: January 2019 to December 2021. Methods: The participants for donation were included in this cross-sectional study on the basis of certain criteria by taking their previous medical history physical examination, COVID-19 vaccination status, and transfusion-transmissible infections (TTI) screening results. All those donors who don’t meet these criteria were deferred. On the basis of causes, deferrals were categorized into temporary or permanent. Results: This study included a total of 84,669 potential donors during a period of three years (January 2019- December 2021), out of which 82,072 donors met inclusion criteria and donated blood during this period whereas 2597 donors were deferred. The overall deferred rate was 3.2% (n=2,717), out of which 13% (n=342) were deferred permanently and87% (n=2375) were deferred temporarily. The leading cause of permanent deferral includes hepatitis C (n=142), hepatitis B (n=106) and cardiac diseases (n=94). On the other hand, leading causes of temporary deferrals include COVID-19 vaccination, being under weight, underage, low HB, short gap, fatty veins and fever. Conclusion: The identification of deferrals is an important step for safe transfusions and helps to formulate criteria for efficient donor selection. The current study indicates a 3.2% deferral rate for blood donors and demands preventive steps for both donor and patient safety against HBV, HCV and AIDS.
Clinical Efficacy of Oxcarbazepine compared with Carbamazepine in terms of Pain Relief in the Management of Trigeminal Neuralgia
Authors: Paiker Sadia , Mehdi Syed Muhammad Zaki , Khattak Fatima , Hassan Labiba , Muzaffar Amna , Bashir Kiran 
Published: May 2024

Background: Despite various pharmacological drugs used for the treatment of Trigeminal Neuralgia (TN), the clinical efficacy of carbamazepine with oxcarbazepine in terms of pain relief particularly in Pakistani population is poorly studied. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of carbamazepine with oxcarbazepine for treating Trigeminal Neuralgia. Objective: To compare oxcarbazepine with carbamazepine in the management of trigeminal neuralgia in terms of mean pain. Study Design: Quasi-Experimental study. Settings: Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan. Duration: 06 months i.e. 30th Apr 2018 to 30th Oct 2018. Methods: This single-centre, prospective clinical study was conducted on 70 patients diagnosed with TN. Patients were divided into two groups; Group A: Control group (n = 35), in which patients were given Carbamazepine 200mg twice a day upto1800mg and Group B: an Experimental group (n = 35), in which the patients receive Oxcarbazepine (300mg BD daily up-to 1800mg). The clinical parameters were evaluated by a self-reported questionnaire. Pain level was assessed at 1st and 2nd month follow-up using a Visual Analog Scale. Results: The mean postoperative pain was measured for both groups. Although the mean pain score at 1st follow-up month was similar for Group A (5.2±1.0) and B (4.9±1.1), p=0.328, higher clinical efficacy was observed in 2nd follow-up month for Group B– Oxcarbazepine (3.1±0.8) when compared with Group A– Carbamazepine (5.14±0.8) in terms of mean pain score that was statistically significant p<0.001. Conclusion: This study concludes that in term of pain relief, Oxcarbazepine appears to be a more effective as compared to Carbamazepine in the treatment of TN.
Outcome of Severe Anemia in Pregnancy; Experience at a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Randhawa Sadia Afzal , Tarar Shahida Husain , Syed Sadaf Zahra , Bhoon Mahnoor Ahsan , Liaqat Jawairiah 
Published: May 2024

Objective: The study was aimed at observing demographic diversity among pregnant women admitted to the labour room with Hemoglobin of less than 7gm/dl. It also observed perinatal and maternal outcomes and their associated complications. Study Design: Retrospective observational study. Settings: Gynae Unit I, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore Pakistan. Duration: 1st January 2022 to 30th June 2022. Methods: It is a retrospective observational study carried out in Gynae Unit I, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore Pakistan in between 1st January 2022 to 30th June 2022. All Patients presenting with Hemoglobin less than 7gm/dl and admitted in the Labour room were included in the study, and followed until delivery. A predesigned performa was filled for each of the 63 patients after their consent. Results: During the study period, 2130 deliveries were carried out in the labour room, out of which 63 patients had a recorded level of Hemoglobin below 7gm/dl. The prevalence of severe anemia in our study was 2.9%. Most patients (51) were in the age group 20-35 years. Majority of the patients (45) were un-booked while only 18 were booked patients. 40 patients were in the gestational age group of 34-37 weeks. 30 were gravida 2-5, 25 of parity more than 5 and only 13 primigravida’s. 29 out of 63 patients had no complications while 34 had complications. Conclusion: Severe Anemia is a preventable cause, the focus needs to be on early and proper antenatal check-up’s, early diagnosis, and timely referral from rural and less equipped medical centres to better equipped hospitals.
Silent Threats Unveiled: Navigating the Landscape Endometrial Cancer in Women Over 50 - A Comprehensive Analysis of Post-Menopausal Bleeding as a Crucial Diagnostic Indicator
Authors: Sharif Rabia , Saleem Huma , Iqbal Saba , Manzoor Uzma , Maqsood Nosheen , Afzal Rabia 
Published: May 2024

Background: Endometrial cancer, with a global incidence of 9 per 100,000 women and a 1% lifetime risk, predominantly affects women aged >50 years and commonly manifests as post-menopausal bleeding (PMB). Timely referral for further investigation is imperative in cases of PMB. Objective: This study aimed to determine the frequency of endometrial cancer in females with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) and compare this frequency between premenopausal and postmenopausal women presenting with AUB. Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Settings: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Independent University Hospital, Faisalabad Pakistan. Duration: Six months from December 15, 2022 to June 15, 2023. Methods: This study aimed to assess endometrial samples from 415 females over. Participants meeting inclusion criteria were enrolled from the Department's outpatient department, providing informed consent and demographic details. Endometrial sampling using Pipelle or D&C under general anesthesia was performed, and subsequent histopathology assessments in the hospital's pathology laboratory categorized findings into premenopausal and postmenopausal groups for comparative analysis. The study, initiated after ERC approval, spanned. Results: Out of 415 cases, 61.45% (n=255) were aged 30-50 years, while 38.55% (n=160) were aged 51-70 years, with a mean age of 48.52±7.02 years. The frequency of endometrial cancer in females with AUB was 6.51% (n=27). Comparing premenopausal (4.46%, n=10) to postmenopausal (8.90%, n=17) females with endometrial cancer, the p value was 0.06. Conclusion: While the overall frequency of endometrial cancer in females with AUB requires attention, this study emphasizes that the frequency is significantly lower in premenopausal compared to postmenopausal females presenting with AUB.
Nano Fat Graft Harvested from Abdomen in Comparison with Thigh in the Treatment of Hyperpigmentation of Face
Authors: Alam Muhammad Amin , Nasrullah Muhammad , Akhlaque Roomana , Fatima Samia , Imdad Sana , Alavi Hirra Rehman 
Published: May 2024

Objective: To evaluate the outcomes of nano fat graft harvested from abdomen in comparison with thigh in the treatment of hyperpigmentation of face. Study Design: Randomized control trial. Settings: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery department, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore Pakistan. Duration: 2 years January 2021-December 2023. Methods: The tissue thickness was also assessed through ultrasonographical imaging in all patients. Cases enrolled were divided into two groups wherein Group I was those cases where Nano fat graft was generated from the medial thigh fat while Group II were those cases where the abdomen region fat was used for the formation of the fat graft. A 10-cc syringe (14G needle) in multiple layers was used for injecting fat graft under local anesthesia. Over corrections were performed up to 20-30% for due to absorption chance. Postoperative ultrasonography was performed and tissue thickness was observed after 3 months for comparing the fat survival and thickness rate. Results: The fat thickness in the application of medial thigh fat graft group I was observed slightly higher than the abdomen-based fat graft generated, although the variance was insignificant. It was observed that the rate of complications like bruising and pain was higher in the group I while seroma was lowed in group I than Group II. Conclusion: The Nano fat graft generated from the fat tissues of the medial thigh has higher efficacy and survival rate with lack of lethal complications than the nano graft generated form the abdomen fats.
Relationship of Endometriosis with Cortisol and Thyroid Function in Young Working Females
Authors: Qamar Iram , Mukhtar Saima , Jabeen Mah E , Naeem Sara , Latif Javeria , Hussain Shaista 
Published: May 2024

Objective: The study was focused to evaluate the role of endometriosis in development of hypothyroidism in working females subjected to chronic stress. Study Design: cross sectional study. Settings: This research was conducted at department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, The University of Lahore Teaching Hospital, Lahore. Duration: The research was completed in from February 2023 to February 2024. Methods: Serum samples of fifty-five endometriosis patients and fifteen controls were analyzed for T3, T4, TSH, cortisol and estrogen levels by using ELISA kits. Results: The levels of TSH in patient’s serum is (1.02±0.168mIU/L) as related to control (3.08±1.090 mIU/L) were lower in females with endometriosis. Serum estrogen levels in endometriosis patients (67.07±5.54 pg/ml) were higher than normal controls (21.07±3.66pg/ml). Elevated levels of serum cortisol (27.25±3.27) than normal values (11.19±4.18) in endometriosis patients were observed. Thyroid problems may result from this imbalance. Furthermore, there is a change in the quantity of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) in endometriotic cells. Production of T4 rose whereas that of T3 fell. Thus, our research shows that endometriosis increases the risk of thyroid malfunction and hormone imbalance in women. Conclusion: We came to the conclusion that thyroid hormone contributes to endometriosis because endometrial cells are sensitive to changes in TSH. The thyroid gland and its related hormone concentrations described a varied picture between healthy subjects and patients of endometriosis. Moreover, thyroid hormones and estrogen are found to play their significant roles in the disease.