bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FUNCTION OF CAROTENOIDS IN PROTECTION OF RHODOTORULA GLUTINIS AGAINST IRRADIATION FROM A GAS LASER
Authors: Maxwell W. Andrew , Macmillan James D. , Chichester C. O. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract— The sensitivity of older cells of Rhodotorula glutinis containing a high concentration of carotenoids was compared with young cells containing little visible pigmentation. The younger cells died faster, suggesting that the carotenoids protected. Further, cells grown in the presence of diphenylamine, an inhibitor of carotenoid syntheses, were more susceptible than were normally grown cells. A carotenoidless mutant, isolated after exposure of the wild strain to u.v. light, was more susceptible to lethal photosensitization than the wild strain. The difference in sensitivity, however, was not as great as between old and young cultures of the wild strain. Young cultures of the white mutant were more susceptible to death than were older cultures, therefore, sensitivity is related to age as well as to carotenoid content. The difference in sensitivity was increased between the white mutant and the wild strain when lower light intensities were used. At 10 mW the difference in the lag period was 60 min, while at 30 mW the difference was only 10 min. The lag period was also dependent on the temperature at which cell suspensions were irradiated. At 3°C, no death occurred in 1 hr at 27 mW with either wild or mutant strains. The lag was progressively shorter with increased temperature. The rate of death, however, was apparently not affected by differences in temperature.An analysis of the carotenoids from the irradiated cells did not show any detectible changes even though it was demonstrated that β‐carotene could be bleached when irradiated in vitro in the presence of toluidine blue.
LA FEBRIS UVEO‐PAROTIDEA (HEERFORDT) EST‐ELLE UNE MANIFESTATION DE LYMFOCRANULOMATOSIS BENIGNA (SCHAUMANN)? ETUDE CLINIQUE
Authors: With Torben K. 
Published: June 2009

Résumé.Se basant sur les cas décrits dans la littérature, &#x006c;̂auteur démontre qu'il existe de nombreux points de ressemblance entre la maladie générale lymfogranulomatosis benigna (Schaumann) et &#x006c;̂affection plus rare, febris uveo‐parotidea (Heerfordt). Aussi lui semble‐t‐il important d̂observer si la susdite affection ne doit pas être considerée comme une localisation speéciale de la maladie de Schaumann. &#x004c;̂auteur propose qu'a &#x006c;̂avenir les cas de febris uveo‐parotidea soient soumis a un examen de spécialiste de peau et de muqueuses (eventeuellement inclusivement biopsie) et examen radiographique des poumons et des os de la main et du pied. Afin d̂épuiser ulterieurement le sujet des relations avec Tuberculose de ces deux maladies il faudra une épreuve de tuberculine consciencieusement fait.
UEBER DIE SEHSCHÄRFE BEI UEBERMAESSIGER BELEUCHTUNG
Authors: VAN Heuven J. A. 
Published: June 2009

Zusammenfassung.Nach einer Analyse der die Sehschärfe beeinflussenden Faktoren wird auseinandergesetzt, dass zur Sehschärfeprüfung die klinisch übliche Methode versagt, wenn es sich um Feststellungen von wirklich messendem Charakter handelt. Daher können die bisher angestellten Untersuchungen zur Bewertung des Einflusses übermässiger Beleuchtung nicht herangezogen werden. Zur Sehschärfenprüfung muss für diese Zwecke die Untersuchung der kleinsten Empfindungsbreite und der Feinheit des optischen Raums oder Richtungssinnes, herangezogen werden.Unter übermässiger Beleuchtung wird jede Beleuchtung verstanden, die bei jedem Anpassungszustand des Auges dessen funktionelle Leistung herabzusetzten vermag. Es wird gezeigt, in welcher Weise die Beleuchtung zu messen ist, um vergleichbare Ergebnisse zu erhalten und es wird empfohlen nicht die Beleuchtungstärken allein anzugeben, sondern vor allem den Lichtstrom der verwendeten Lichtquellen, sowie die Grösse der wirksamen Öffnung. Hierauf wird ausführlich die Versuchsanordnung geschildert und gezeigt, dass übermässige Beleuchtung sowohl die kleinste Empfindungsbreite als auch die Feinheit des optischen Raumsinns weitgehend herabsetzt.
ZUR FRAGE DER OKKLUSIONSBEHANDLUNG BEI AMBLYOPIE
Authors: Nemetz U. R. , Pressina M. , Schmidt I. 
Published: June 2009

Zusammenfassung.1.) Die Okklusivbehandlung bie Amblyopie ist nur als vollokklusivverband genügend wirksam.2.) Bie paramacularer Fixation ist jede Okklusionsbehandlung nicht nur nahezu unwirksam, sondern auch für das betreffende Auge schädlich, weil die Paramacula dadurch weiter gefördert wird.3.) Die Okklusionsbehandlung durch Schielklappe ist selbst nach Monaten und Jahren wenig erfolgreich. Der Grund liegt in der leichten Abnehmbarkeit der Schielklappe und der dadurch verursachten Unterbrechung der Okklusion.4.) Die Behandlung der Amblyopie mit den Apparaten von Bangerter ist der Okklusionsbehandlung in jeder Form überlegen. Vor allem ist sie in den Fällen mit paramacularer Fixation die bisher einzige erfolgreiche Therapie.5.) Fehlt die Möglichkeit, die Amblyopiebehandlung in einer Anstalt durehzuführen, so empfiehlt sich bei Amblyopien mit macularer Fixation der Okklusivverband an der Brille in der beschriebenen Form.
ETUDE ELECTRO‐OCULOGRAPHIQUE DES PARALYSIES OCULAIRES
Authors: François J. , Derouck A. 
Published: June 2009

Résumé.Dans les paralysies oculaires complètes ou incomplètes, le tracé oculographique obtenu lors de la rotation du globe oculaire par contraction du muscle attient, pr%eAsente des modifications caractéristiques: absence de déflexion de la ligne isoélectrique, déflexion irrégulière et amplitude diminuée, mouvements nystagmiformes, etc.Dans les parésies oculaires légères ou guéries les modifications du tracé peuvent n'apparaitre que les petits mouvements qui se produisent à la lecture ou dans le nystagmus optocinétique.Summary.In the ocular palsies, complete or incomplete, the oculographic record taken during the rotation of the eyeball caused by contraction of the paralysed muscle, presents characteristic modifications: no deflexion at all of the iso‐electric line, irregular deflexion, diminished amplitude, nystagmiform movements etc.In the slight or healed ocular palsies, modifications of the oculographic record may only appear for small movements, as those produced by reading or optokinetic nystagmus.
BEOBACHTUNGEN ÜBER MIOTICUMCYSTEN (PUPILLARSAUMCYSTEN NACH EINTRÄUFELUNG PUPILLENVERENGERNDER MITTEL)
Authors: Straub W. , Conrads E. 
Published: June 2009

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG.Bericht über die nach Gebrauch von Pilokarpin, Eserin, Prostigmin, Mintacol und DFPbei 9 Patienten ein‐ oder doppelseitig aufgetretenen, mehrfach multiplen Pupillarsaumcysten. Ihre Entwicklung hängt nicht von der Art des Glaukoms oder dem Funktionszustand desAuges ab und kann innerhalb weniger Wochen erfolgen. U. U. wird bei enger Pupille das Sehvermögen durch die Cysten herabgesetzt. Sie scheinen die obere Hälfte des Pupillarsaumes zu bevorzugen. Wie die histologische Untersuchung ergab, besteht die Cystenwand aus einschichtigem Epithel. In Tierversuchen (Kaninchen und Meerschweinchen) liessen sich keine Mioticumcysten erzeugen.
Neoliberalism and Reclaiming a Theology of Economy
Authors: Veerkamp Ton 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe article clarifies the notion of neoliberalism and traces it back to the origins of liberalism in the civil revolutions of the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries. New in neoliberalism are not its economic doctrines and underlying philosophy, viz. utilitarianism but the global social situation. The bourgeoisie has lost its counterforce and its doctrines no longer have to compete for recognition: they represent a creed, a new gospel. The article unveils the free‐market doctrine of neoliberalism as an ideology. The theological part of the article begins from the first commandment as the guideline and quintessence of all theology. Crucial for the socio‐economic implications of the Ten Commandments is, “Do not covet”. The Torah and the prophets can be summarized in two interdictions: one relates to slavery and the other to accumulation. Holy scripture excludes the private ownership of the means of production and the accumulation of socio‐economic power. It is clear that the accumulation of economic power is leading in our time to the exclusion of increasing numbers of human beings, i.e., to a new slavery. Therefore, a theology of economy must contradict the creeds and practice of neoliberalism.
Telling the Truth, Naming the Power and Confessing our Faith in the Market: The Missiological Implications of the Accra Confession
Authors: Hewitt Roderick R. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis article argues that the neoliberal economic order that undergirds the contemporary phase of globalization is, to a great extent, linked to the demise of Christendom in Western society and the emergence of a post‐Christendom culture and this carries major missiological implications for the church. Fidelity to the Christian faith requires affirming God's sovereignty over all of God's creation and this necessitates resisting the deceptive economic idolatry that is at work in our world. The methodology of engagement involves taking sides on issues and choices that are unclear and complex. Using Caribbean hermeneutics in a re‐reading of Rev. 17 and 18, I suggest that the Book of Revelation serves as a potent signpost to address the contemporary Babylonian system that is controlling the world economic order. The Accra Confession and the Agape Call to Love and Action do not leave room for the church's ministry and mission to be neutral. Although the forces of opposition are strong, I argue that the church that remains faithful in doing Christ's mission cannot be defeated.
The AGAPE Process: A Challenge for Transformative Mission and Ecumenism in the 21st Century
Authors: Mshana Rogate R. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis article interprets the links between the AGAPE (Alternative Globalization Addressing People and Earth) process, which the World Council of Churches (WCC) established to seek alternatives to the current process of economic globalization. The scope of this article is limited to the AGAPE process in as far as it contributes to transformative mission and in order to discern an understanding of ecumenism as a sanctuary for the flourishing of life in abundance for all. The article also identifies areas that need further reflection.
Crusade Violence: Understanding and Overcoming the Impact of Mission Among Muslims
Authors: Nayak Abhijit 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe events of the Crusades during the 11th, 12th and 13th centuries stand as obstacles in the midst of contemporary Christian‐Muslim relationships, interaction and dialogue. These historical unfortunate and painful events have resulted in hatred and suspicion between the two religions and left an indelible scar in Muslim and Christian minds. The effects of the Crusades are numerous and damaging; the challenges for contemporary mission among Muslims are daunting. This article concerns itself with Crusade violence in the history of Christianity. After a brief description of different examples of violence in the Crusades, this paper discusses how Christians viewed Muslims and vice versa and how they view each other today. It gives particular focus to influential Christian figures, who during the time of the Crusades or afterwards disagreed with the militaristic approach of the Crusaders and launched peacekeeping and evangelistic missions to Muslims. Then, this essay addresses contemporary mission approaches to Muslims.
Practicing Evangelism from the Belly of the Beast: Transcendence and Transgression in the Missiologies of M.R. Shaull and O.E. Costas
Authors: Santiago‐Vendrell Angel D. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis article uses the missiologies of Richard Shaull and Orlando Costas as correctives to evangelical methods of evangelism that tend to be a‐historical, a‐cultural and imperialistic. The article also criticizes North American civil religion as a phenomenon that legitimizes conservative politics and denigrates and dilutes Jesus's message of radical discipleship. First, Shaull is used as a missionary model of someone who throughout his career took the poor and oppressed as the starting point for missiological reflection. He challenged Christians to transcend and transgress those church structures that are counterproductive to the reign of God. Orlando Costas's contextual evangelism from the “periphery” is also used as a corrective to evangelical mission that tends to spiritualize Christ and lacks serious social engagement. The article concludes with a visionary strategy of confrontation against power structures and a new way of moving forward based on those at the margins.
Council for World Mission: A Case Study and Critical Appraisal of the Journey of Partnership in Mission
Authors: van der Water Desmond 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWhen the Council for World Mission was founded in 1977, the organization held up partnership in mission as the key constituting factor of its identity as a new mission organization. This paper critically appraises the organization's missional journey over three decades, with particular reference to its vocation as a partnership in mission.
A New Method for Numerical Prediction of Liquid Column Separation
Accompanying Hydraulic Transients in Pipelines
Authors: Adamkowski Adam , Lewandowski Mariusz 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
This paper presents a new method for calculating pressure fluctuations in pipelines during a water hammer with liquid column separation. The method is based on the discrete-vapor-cavity model (DVCM). Such kind of models assumes that vaporous cavities are formed in each computational section of the pipeline whenever the pressure drops to the vapor pressure at a given temperature. The proposed new model (new DVCM) brings a significant improvement in the reliability of predictions compared with existing DVCMs. The calculation method based on it eliminates some disadvantages of basic methods used in practice, as shown by comparisons between calculations made for simple hydraulic system under theoretical frictionless conditions using various DVCMs. Additionally, the authors present preliminary verification of the proposed model based on experimental results. The positive results of this verification, and the advantages of the new DVCM, could lead to incorporating them into commercial codes.
Selection and Characterization of Murine Monoclonal Antibodies toStaphylococcus aureusIron-Regulated Surface Determinant B with Functional Activity In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Brown Martha , Kowalski Rose , Zorman Julie , Wang Xin-min , Towne Victoria , Zhao Qinjian , Secore Susan , Finnefrock Adam C. , Ebert Tim , Pancari Greg , Isett Kevin , Zhang Yuhua , Anderson Annaliesa S. , Montgomery Donna , Cope Leslie , McNeely Tessie 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTIn an effort to characterize important epitopes ofStaphylococcus aureusiron-regulated surface determinant B (IsdB), murine IsdB-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were isolated and characterized. A panel of 12 MAbs was isolated. All 12 MAbs recognized IsdB in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and Western blots; 10 recognized native IsdB expressed byS. aureus. The antigen epitope binding of eight of the MAbs was examined further. Three methods were used to assess binding diversity: MAb binding to IsdB muteins, pairwise binding to recombinant IsdB, and pairwise binding to IsdB-expressing bacteria. Data from these analyses indicated that MAbs could be grouped based on distinct or nonoverlapping epitope recognition. Also, MAb binding to recombinant IsdB required a significant portion of intact antigen, implying conformational epitope recognition. Four MAbs with nonoverlapping epitopes were evaluated for in vitro opsonophagocytic killing (OPK) activity and efficacy in murine challenge models. These were isotype switched from immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) to IgG2b to potentially enhance activity; however, this isotype switch did not appear to enhance functional activity. MAb 2H2 exhibited OPK activity (≥50% killing in the in vitro OPK assay) and was protective in two lethal challenge models and a sublethal indwelling catheter model. MAb 13C7 did not exhibit OPK (<50% killing in the in vitro assay) and was protective in one lethal challenge model. Neither MAb 13G11 nor MAb 1G3 exhibited OPK activity in vitro or was active in a lethal challenge model. The data suggest that several nonoverlapping epitopes are recognized by the IsdB-specific MAbs, but not all of these epitopes induce protective antibodies.
Lipoprotein Lipase and Hydrofluoric Acid Deactivate Both Bacterial Lipoproteins and Lipoteichoic Acids, but Platelet-Activating Factor-Acetylhydrolase Degrades Only Lipoteichoic Acids
Authors: Seo Ho Seong , Nahm Moon H. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTTo identify the Toll-like receptor 2 ligand critically involved in infections with gram-positive bacteria, lipoprotein lipase (LPL) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is often used to selectively inactivate lipoproteins, and hydrofluoric acid (HF) or platelet-activating factor-acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) is used to selectively inactivate lipoteichoic acid (LTA). However, the specificities of these chemical reactions are unknown. We investigated the reaction specificities by using two synthetic lipoproteins (Pam3CSK4and FSL-1) and LTAs from pneumococci and staphylococci. Changes in the structures of the two synthetic proteins and the LTAs were monitored by mass spectrometry, and biological activity changes were evaluated by measuring tumor necrosis factor alpha production by mouse macrophage cells (RAW 264.7) following stimulation. PAF-AH inactivated LTA without reducing the biological activities of Pam3CSK4and FSL-1. Mass spectroscopy confirmed that PAF-AH monodeacylated pneumococcal LTA but did not alter the structure of either Pam3CSK4or FSL-1. As expected, HF treatment reduced the biological activity of LTA by more than 80% and degraded LTA. HF treatment not only deacylated Pam3CSK4and FSL-1 but also reduced the activities of the lipoproteins by more than 60%. Treatment with LPL decreased the biological activities by more than 80%. LPL also removed an acyl chain from the LTA and reduced its activity. Our results indicate that treatment with 1% H2O2for 6 h at 37°C inactivates Pam3CSK4, FSL-1, and LTA by more than 80%. Although HF, LPL, and H2O2treatments degrade and inactivate both lipopeptides and LTA, PAF-AH selectively inactivated LTA with no effect on the biological and structural properties of the two lipopeptides. Also, the ability of PAF-AH to reduce the inflammatory activities of cell wall extracts from gram-positive bacteria suggests LTA to be essential in inflammatory responses to gram-positive bacteria.
Intracellular Infections Enhance Interleukin-6 and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 Production by Cocultivated Human Adipocytes and THP-1 Monocytes
Authors: Bouwman J. J. M. , Diepersloot R. J. A. , Visseren F. L. J. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACT

Obesity is associated with a chronic inflammatory state, and adipocyte dysfunction is thought to play a crucial role in this. Infection of adipose tissue may trigger the production of inflammatory cytokines, leading to increased recruitment of macrophages into adipose tissue, which in turn may exacerbate the inflammatory state in obesity. Low-grade inflammation was mimicked in an in vitro coculture model with human adipocytes and THP-1 monocytes. Adipocytes and monocytes were infected with adenovirus, cytomegalovirus (CMV), or influenza A virus. After 48 h, transinfection was evaluated and interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), adiponectin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) were measured. IL-6 production was upregulated in cocultures of uninfected adipocytes and THP-1 macrophages in a THP-1 cell number-dependent fashion. IL-6 production by CMV-infected adipocytes was increased relative to that of uninfected adipocytes (
P
< 0.01). IL-6 production by CMV-infected cocultures was 16- to 37-fold higher than that of uninfected adipocytes (
P
< 0.001). IL-6 production in influenza A virus-infected cocultures was increased 12- to 20-fold (
P
< 0.05). Only CMV infection increased levels of PAI-1 in cocultures (fourfold;
P
< 0.05). Soluble factors produced by THP-1 macrophages rather than by adipocytes were responsible for the increased production of IL-6 in cocultures. Infection of cocultivated human adipocytes and THP-1 monocytes with CMV or influenza A virus led to increased production of IL-6 and PAI-1. Thus, infection of adipose tissue evokes an inflammatory response, leading to adipose tissue dysfunction and subsequent overproduction of IL-6 and PAI-1. This may further compound the atherogenic effects of obesity.
Development and Technical and Clinical Validation of a Quantitative Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Detection of Human Antibodies to Hepatitis B Surface Antigen in Recipients of Recombinant Hepatitis B Virus Vaccine
Authors: Cambron Pierre , Jacquet Jeanne-Marie , Hoet Bernard , Lievens Marc 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACT

Pending removal from the market of a commercial assay (the AUSAB [Abbott Laboratories] enzyme immunoassay [EIA]) for the determination of antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), a new in-house quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure antibodies against HBsAg (anti-HBs) was developed (anti-HBs in-house). Specific anti-HBs antibodies were sandwiched between the precoated HBsAg ad and ay subtypes purified from plasma from hepatitis B virus (HBV) human carriers and the recombinant HBsAg adw2 subtype tagged with horseradish peroxidase. The assay was calibrated against the 1st International Reference Preparation for anti-hepatitis B immunoglobulin (lot 1977-W1042). Analytical sensitivity and the limit of quantitation were estimated at 0.43 mIU/ml and 2.0 mIU/ml, respectively. Overall reproducibility was 11.86%, and accuracy was estimated to be 94.89%. More than 4,000 samples from seven clinical trials were tested with the anti-HBs in-house assay and compared to results generated with AUSAB EIA and AUSAB radioimmunoassay (RIA). During the technical validation, the anti-HBs in-house assay was compared to the AUSAB RIA as a reference (
n
= 919). Overall assessment of concordance and Deming's regression analysis were performed. The coefficient of correlation between the AUSAB RIA and anti-HBs in-house assay was 0.9815 with a slope of 0.9187. The overall agreement between anti-HBs in-house and AUSAB RIA was 97.61%, considering the clinical cutoffs at 3.3 mIU/ml and 1.0 mIU/ml for the respective assays. From a clinical perspective, seroprotection rates and anti-HBs geometric mean antibody concentrations for individual studies calculated with either the in-house assay or the reference assays were similar. Conclusions of individual studies were confirmed. The performance characteristics of the in-house assay are acceptable. There is no evidence that use of the new assay would lead to different clinical conclusions from the reference method.