bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fusion of visual and infrared face verification systems
Authors: Choi Byounggyu , Kim Youngsung , Toh Kar‐Ann 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis paper presents a two‐stage procedure to combine multiple face traits for identity authentication. At the first stage, a high dimensional random projection is applied to the raw visual and infrared face images to extract useful information relevant to each identity. This is followed by a dimension reduction using eigenfeature regularization and extraction (ERE). At the second stage, the scores from two verification systems based on each face modality are fused by an error minimization algorithm. This error minimization algorithm directly optimizes the verification accuracy by adjusting the parameters of a polynomial classifier. Two data sets consisting of visual and infrared face images have been used for experimentation. Our empirical observation shows encouraging results regarding the effectiveness of the proposed method. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TCP SYN‐based DDoS attack on EKG signals monitored via a wireless sensor network
Authors: Petana Einar , Kumar Sanjeev 
Published: January 2011

AbstractInternet distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks are known to exhaust computing resources of a computer. In many cases, even if the attack is not sufficiently strong to completely crash a computing system, its adverse effects can be devastating for the information being processed on the system. When such information is too critical as an electrocardiogram (EKG) signal, the signal itself becomes vulnerable to such attacks also. In this experimental paper, we evaluate the adverse effects of TCP SYN‐based DDoS attacks on EKG signals remotely collected by using wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In lab, we deployed two applications (Serial Forwarder and Oscilloscope GUI) to display the EKG signal on remote monitoring station. Such EKG signal was delivered by a WSN (motes running a modified version of OscilloscopeRF with an analog channel enabled and TOSBase) to collect and send the EKG data. It was found that even though the computing resource of the remote computer running the applications to display the EKG signals was almost exhausted under a DDoS attack, the system was still responding (alive) and displaying the collected EKG signal. However, the normal EKG signal pattern was distorted due to the resource exhaustion caused by the DDoS attack, which in turn made the EKG signal unreliable for medical diagnosis and remote monitoring. In order to understand effect of TCP SYN attack on the EKG signal pattern, the attack was launched at different loads in a controlled lab environment. Finally, an Intrusion Prevention System was deployed in the network to mitigate the adverse effects of attack in the network in an attempt to recover a good EKG signal. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using general systems theory to understand how farmers manage variability
Authors: Kaine Geoff , Cowan Lisa 
Published: January 2011

AbstractClimate change is likely to increase the variability in environmental conditions that Australian farmers will have to contend with, potentially threatening farm viability. In this research we use general systems theory to describe how farmers use the three types of system regulators (aggregation, error control and anticipation) to manage variability in the environment. We present codling moth management as an example of system regulation in agriculture. We found that adaptation to climate change is likely to require that farmers modify the structure of their farm systems by changing their combination of system regulators. Decisions regarding changes in structure may favour certain types or system regulators over others. This has implications for policy development to support farm adaptation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Progressive collapse analysis of an RC building with exterior partially infilled walls
Authors: Tsai Meng‐Hao , Huang Tsuei‐Chiang 
Published: January 2011

SUMMARYExterior partially infilled walls of RC condominium buildings are often monolithically cast with beams and/or columns in Taiwan. In practice, they are regarded as non‐structural elements in usual structural design, and only their weight is conservatively considered. In this study, effects of three common types of exterior partially infilled walls on the progressive collapse potential of an RC building are investigated. Linear and nonlinear static analyses under different column‐loss scenarios are carried out. Analysis results indicate that influence of the partially infilled walls differs from each type. Changes in the demand‐to‐capacity ratios indicate that without considering the walls, the moment demand of beams may be overestimated. However, their shear demand may be underestimated, especially with the panel‐type walls. Meanwhile, they may increase the collapse resistance of the building frame under column loss but with decreased ductility capacity. From the structural aspect, with a constant opening rate of 60%, the wing‐type wall is a better option than the parapet‐ and panel‐type walls. The panel‐type wall appears to be the worst choice since shear failure of their connected beam members may be induced. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accuracy of sonographic weight estimation as a function of fetal sex
Authors: Melamed N. , Ben‐Haroush A. , Meizner I. , Mashiach R. , Glezerman M. , Yogev Y. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectivesTo determine whether the accuracy of sonographic fetal weight estimation is related to fetal sex.MethodsThe accuracy of sonographic fetal weight estimation was compared between male and female fetuses using 3672 sonographic weight estimations performed within 3 days prior to delivery. Fetal weight was estimated using eight regression models that are based on different combinations of the following biometric parameters: abdominal circumference (AC), femur diaphysis length (FL), biparietal diameter (BPD) and head circumference (HC).ResultsIn seven out of the eight models tested, the presence of a male fetus was associated with a significantly lower systematic error compared with a female fetus (−0.2 to 2.1% vs. 1.3 to 6%, P < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, fetal sex was independently associated with sonographic accuracy so that the likelihood of a weight estimation within 10% of birth weight was 30% higher for male fetuses compared with female fetuses. The biometric parameters that contributed most to these sex‐related differences were FL and AC, while models that included HC were associated with the lowest differences in the systematic error between male fetuses and female fetuses. For most models, the random error and correlation between estimated weight and birth weight were not affected by fetal sex (8.1–12.8% vs. 8.2–13.6%, and 0.856–0.944 vs. 0.842–0.944, respectively).ConclusionSonographic estimation of fetal weight is more accurate for male fetuses than for female fetuses. The use of sex‐specific models may improve the accuracy of fetal weight estimation for female fetuses. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isolated hyperechoic fetal colon before 36 weeks' gestation reveals cystinuria
Authors: Amat S. , Czerkiewicz I. , Benoist J.‐F. , Eurin D. , Fontanges M. , Muller F. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectivesTo determine whether there is an association between the fetal ultrasound finding of hyperechoic colon and the gestational age at which it presents and cystinuria.MethodsA prospective national survey was performed in France including all observations of isolated fetal hyperechoic colon detected at routine second‐ and third‐trimester ultrasound over a 2‐year period. Collected images were reviewed by experts. Colon was defined as being hyperechoic when its echogenicity was at least equal to that of the iliac bone. It was diagnosed when large tubular echogenic portions of the colon, without a focal mass and without posterior acoustic shadows, were observed at the periphery of the abdomen. Urinary amino acid analysis was performed after birth in the cases identified to test for cystinuria.ResultsNineteen fetuses with ultrasound findings of hyperechoic colon were included, and the mothers of 16 of these agreed to participate in the study. In eight of nine cases of hyperechoic colon observed before 36 weeks' gestation cystinuria was confirmed at birth. In the seven remaining cases, observed after 36 weeks, none was found to have cystinuria and all had normal images at previous routine ultrasound scans at 22 and 33 weeks. When present, no difference in the sonographic appearance of hyperechoic colon was noted between the two groups. In the cystinuria‐affected cases, the length of the hyperechoic mass appeared to increase with gestational age.ConclusionsIn our experience, the presence of a hyperechoic colon at routine ultrasound scan before 36 weeks' gestation should prompt screening for cystinuria at birth, while later observation (> 36 weeks) of this finding does not appear to be related to any disease. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fetal tumors of the choroid plexus: is differential diagnosis between papilloma and carcinoma possible?
Authors: Anselem O. , Mezzetta L. , Grangé G. , Zerah M. , Benard C. , Marcou V. , Fallet‐Bianco C. , Adamsbaum C. , Tsatsaris V. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractFetal choroid plexus tumors are uncommon. The prognosis is widely variable and depends on the histological findings: papilloma or carcinoma. We report a case of prenatal diagnosis of choroid plexus mass detected by ultrasound at 33 weeks of gestation. Prenatal (T1, T2, T2* and diffusion weighted sequences) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to rule out a hematoma. Follow‐up examination by ultrasound and MRI revealed a significant increase in the volume of the mass, suggesting a diagnosis of malignant tumor. A healthy neonate was delivered by Cesarean section at 38 weeks of gestation. Full surgical excision of the tumor was performed at 20 days after delivery and histological analysis revealed a papilloma. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design of a tower and drive train damping controller for the three‐bladed controls advanced research turbine operating in design‐driving load cases
Authors: Darrow J. , Johnson K. , Wright A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWind turbines experience both fatigue and extreme loading, and individual components of a wind turbine are affected differently by these loads. The current practice to achieve the typical 20 year design life is to build a turbine with robust components that can withstand fatigue and extreme loads for this duration. Unfortunately, overbuilding of components may lead to higher‐than‐necessary initial capital costs. In this research, we studied design‐driving load cases and designed advanced control algorithms aimed at enabling a decrease in initial capital cost. Our approach used a subset of a full International Electrotechnical Commission loads case analysis and selected major components experiencing design‐driving extreme loads that can be alleviated using advanced control. We first describe the results from the loads case analysis and then discuss the components on which we focused the advanced control design. We next describe the controller design and finally compare the results from the advanced controller simulations with those using a baseline controller. The baseline consists of a nonlinear torque controller below rated wind speed and a proportional‐integral‐derivative‐like controller above rated and the advanced controller uses proportional feedback and state‐space design to reduce tower bending and drive train torsional loads. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Applications of tensor (multiway array) factorizations and decompositions in data mining
Authors: Mørup Morten 
Published: January 2011

AbstractTensor (multiway array) factorization and decomposition has become an important tool for data mining. Fueled by the computational power of modern computer researchers can now analyze large‐scale tensorial structured data that only a few years ago would have been impossible. Tensor factorizations have several advantages over two‐way matrix factorizations including uniqueness of the optimal solution and component identification even when most of the data is missing. Furthermore, multiway decomposition techniques explicitly exploit the multiway structure that is lost when collapsing some of the modes of the tensor in order to analyze the data by regular matrix factorization approaches. Multiway decomposition is being applied to new fields every year and there is no doubt that the future will bring many exciting new applications. The aim of this overview is to introduce the basic concepts of tensor decompositions and demonstrate some of the many benefits and challenges of modeling data multiway for a wide variety of data and problem domains. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov2011 1 24‐40 DOI: 10.1002/widm.1This article is categorized under:Algorithmic Development > Scalable Statistical MethodsTechnologies > ClassificationTechnologies > Machine LearningTechnologies > Structure Discovery and Clustering
Data mining of functional RNA structures in genomic sequences
Authors: Le Shu‐Yun , Shapiro Bruce A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe normal functions of genomes depend on the precise expression of messenger RNAs and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) such as transfer RNAs and microRNAs in eukaryotes. These ncRNAs and functional RNA structures (FRSs) act as regulators or response elements for cellular factors and participate in transcription, posttranscriptional processing, and translation. Knowledge discovery of these FRSs in huge DNA/RNA sequence databases is a very important step to reach our goal of going from genomic sequence data to biological knowledge for understanding RNA‐based regulation. Analyses of a large number of FRSs have indicated that the FRS can be well characterized by some quantitative measures such as significance and well‐ordered scores of the local segment. Various data mining tools have been developed and successfully applied to FRS discovery in genomic sequence databases. Here, we summarize our efforts in the computational discovery of structured features of ncRNAs and FRSs within complex genomes by EDscan and SigED. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2011 1 88–95 DOI: 10.1002/widm.13This article is categorized under:

Algorithmic Development > Biological Data Mining
Algorithmic Development > Spatial and Temporal Data Mining
Application Areas > Health Care
Technologies > Structure Discovery and Clustering
Rough clustering
Authors: Lingras Pawan , Peters Georg 
Published: January 2011

AbstractTraditional clustering partitions a group of objects into a number of nonoverlapping sets based on a similarity measure. In real world, the boundaries of these sets or clusters may not be clearly defined. Some of the objects may be almost equidistant from the center of multiple clusters. Traditional set theory mandates that these objects be assigned to a single cluster. Rough set theory can be used to represent the overlapping clusters. Rough sets provide more flexible representation than conventional sets, at the same time they are less descriptive than the fuzzy sets. This paper describes the basic concept of rough clustering based onk‐means, genetic algorithms, Kohonen self‐organizing maps, and support vector clustering. The discussion also includes a review of rough cluster validity measures, and applications of rough clustering to such diverse areas as forestry, medicine, medical imaging, web mining, super markets, and traffic engineering. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov2011 1 64‐72 DOI: 10.1002/widm.16This article is categorized under:Technologies > Computational IntelligenceTechnologies > Machine LearningTechnologies > Structure Discovery and Clustering
Severe ethanol stress induces assembly of stress granules in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Kato Kenta , Yamamoto Yosuke , Izawa Shingo 
Published: January 2011

AbstractStress granules (SGs) and processing bodies (P bodies) are cytoplasmic domains and play a role in the control of translation and mRNA turnover in mammalian cells subjected to environmental stress. Recent studies have revealed that SGs also form in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in response to glucose depletion and robust heat shock. However, information about the types of stress that cause budding yeast SGs is quite limited. Here we demonstrate that severe ethanol stress generates budding yeast SGs in a manner independent of the phosphorylation of eIF2α. The concentration that generated budding yeast SGs (>10%) was higher than that causing P bodies (>6%), and P bodies were assembled prior to SGs. As well as mammalian SGs, the assembly of budding yeast SGs under ethanol stress was blocked by cycloheximide. On the other hand, the budding yeast SGs caused by ethanol stress contained eIF3c but not eIF3a and eIF3b, although the eIF3 complex is a core constituent of mammalian SGs. Moreover, null mutants (pbp1Δ, pub1Δ and tif4632Δ) with a strong reduction in SG formation did not resume proliferation after the elimination of ethanol stress, indicating that the formation of budding yeast SGs might play a role in sufficient recovery from ethanol stress. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comprehensive phenotypic analysis of single‐gene deletion and overexpression strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Yoshikawa Katsunori , Tanaka Tadamasa , Ida Yoshihiro , Furusawa Chikara , Hirasawa Takashi , Shimizu Hiroshi 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe quantified the growth behaviour of all available single‐gene deletion and overexpression strains of budding yeast. Genome‐wide analyses enabled the extraction of the genes and identification of the functional categories for which genetic perturbation caused the change of growth behaviour. Statistical analyses revealed defective growth for 646 deletion and 1302 overexpression strains. We classified these deleted and overexpressed genes into known functional categories, and identified several functional categories having fragility and robustness for cellular growth. We also screened the deletion and overexpression strains that exhibited a significantly higher growth rate than the strain without genetic perturbation, and found that three deletion and two overexpression strains were high‐growth strains. The genes and functional categories identified in the analysis might provide useful information on designing industrially useful yeast strains. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low ergosterol content in yeast adh1 mutant enhances chitin maldistribution and sensitivity to paraquat‐induced oxidative stress
Authors: Marisco G. , Saito S. T. , Ganda I. S. , Brendel M. , Pungartnik C. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAlcohol dehydrogenases catalyse the reversible oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones, with concomitant reduction of NAD+ or NADP+. Adh1p is responsible for the reduction of acetaldehyde to ethanol, while Adh2p catalyses the reverse reaction, the oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde. Lack of Adh1p shifts the cellular redox balance towards excess NADH/NADPH and acetaldehyde, while absence of Adh2p does the opposite. Yeast mutant adh1Δ had a slow growth rate, whereas adh2Δ grew like the isogenic wild‐type (WT) during prediauxic shift fermentative metabolism. After 48 h WT and mutants reached the same number of viable cells. When exponentially growing (LOG) cells were exposed to calcofluor white, only mutant adh1Δ displayed an irregular deposition of chitin. Quantitative analyses of both LOG and stationary‐phase cells showed that adh1Δ mutant contained significantly less ergosterol than cells of WT and adh2Δ mutant, whereas the erg3Δ mutant contained extremely low ergosterol pools. Both adh1Δ and adh2Δ mutants showed higher‐than‐WT resistance to heat shock and to H2O2 but had WT resistance when exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light and the DNA cross‐linking agent diepoxyoctane, indicating normal DNA repair capacity. Mutant adh1Δ was specifically sensitive to acetaldehyde and to membrane peroxidizing paraquat. Our results link the pleiotropic phenotype of adh1Δ mutants to low pools of ergosterol and to reductive stress, and introduce the two new phenotypes, resistance to heat shock and to H2O2, for the adh2Δ mutant, most probably related to increased ROS production in mitochondria, which leads to the induction of oxidative stress protection. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The First Cationic Complex of Tetravalent Cerium
Authors: Dröse Peter , Gottfriedsen Jochen , Hrib Cristian G. , Jones Peter G. , Hilfert Liane , Edelmann Frank T. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe recently reported cerium(IV) tripodal Schiff‐base complex (TRENDSAL)CeCl (TRENDSAL = [N{CH2CH2N=CH(C6H2tBu2‐3,5‐O‐2}3]3–) serves as excellent starting material for novel Ce4+ coordination compounds. The first cerium(IV) azide, (TRENDSAL)CeN3 and the first cationic cerium(IV) complex, [(TRENDSAL)Ce][BPh4] are both readily accessible from (TRENDSAL)CeCl via simple salt metathesis reaction.
Pressure at the Bowel Surface during Topical Negative Pressure Therapy of the Open Abdomen: An Experimental Study in a Porcine Model
Authors: Bjarnason Thordur , Montgomery Agneta , Hlebowicz Joanna , Lindstedt Sandra , Petersson Ulf 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackgroundTopical negative pressure (TNP) therapy is increasingly used in open abdomen management. It is not known to what extent this pressure propagates through the dressing to the bowel surface, potentially increasing the risk of bowel fistula formation. The present study in a porcine model was designed to evaluate pressure propagation.MethodsA commercially available TNP therapy system (ABThera/VAC) was applied in six pigs after laparotomy. Pressure sensors were placed in predetermined positions in the dressing and in the abdominal cavity and the pressure was registered at TNP settings of −50, −75, −100, −125, and −150 mmHg. Next, after infusing 200 ml of saline into the abdomen through a catheter, the amount of fluid drained through the system during 10 min of TNP therapy was registered. Finally, pressure was measured above and below eight layers of paraffin gauzes during TNP therapy.ResultsObserved pressure within the outer two foams and the foam of the visceral protective layer correlated with preset TNP. The median pressure at the bowel surface was between −2 and −10 mmHg, regardless of preset TNP. Median fluid drainage was 95% of the infused fluid at −75 mmHg and 124% at −150 mmHg. Paraffin gauzes had a limited isolating effect, reducing the pressure by 13% in median.ConclusionsNegative pressure reaching the bowel surface during TNP therapy with the ABThera system is limited for all TNP levels. Reduced therapy pressure does not lead to reduced pressure at the bowel surface. The system drains the abdominal cavity completely of fluid. Paraffin gauzes are of limited value as a means of pressure isolation.