bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WGS of intrauterine
E. coli
from cows with early postpartum uterine infection reveals a non-uterine specific genotype and virulence factors
Authors: Garzon Adriana , Basbas Carl , Schlesener Cory , Silva-del-Rio Noelia , Karle Betsy M. , Lima Fabio S. , Weimer Bart C. , Pereira Richard V. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Escherichia coli
has been attributed to playing a major role in a cascade of events that affect the prevalence and severity of uterine disease in cattle. The objectives of this project were to (i) define the association between the prevalence of specific antimicrobial resistance and virulence factor genes in
E. coli
with the clinical status related to uterine infection, (ii) identify the genetic relationship between
E. coli
isolates from cows with diarrhea, with mastitis, and with and without metritis, and (iii) determine the association between the phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance identified on the
E. coli
isolated from postpartum cattle. Bacterial isolates (
n
= 148) were obtained from a larger cross-sectional study. Cows were categorized into one of three clinical groups before enrollment: metritis, cows with purulent discharge, and control cows. For genomic comparison, public genomes (
n
= 130) from cows with diarrhea, mastitis, and metritis were included in a genome-wide association study, to evaluate differences between the drug classes or the virulence factor category among clinical groups. A distinct
E. coli
genotype associated with metritis could not be identified. Instead, a high genetic diversity among the isolates from uterine sources was present. A virulence factor previously associated with metritis (
fim
H) using PCR was not associated with metritis. There was moderate accuracy for whole-genome sequencing to predict phenotypic resistance, which varied depending on the antimicrobial tested. Findings from this study contradict the traditional pathotype classification and the unique intrauterine
E. coli
genotype associated with metritis in dairy cows.

IMPORTANCE

Metritis is a common infectious disease in dairy cattle and the second most common reason for treating a cow with antimicrobials. The pathophysiology of the disease is complex and is not completely understood. Specific endometrial pathogenic
Escherichia coli
have been reported to be adapted to the endometrium and sometimes lead to uterine disease. Unfortunately, the specific genomic details of the endometrial-adapted isolates have not been investigated using enough genomes to represent the genomic diversity of this organism to identify specific virulence genes that are consistently associated with disease development and severity. Results from this study provide key microbial ecological advances by elucidating and challenging accepted concepts for the role of Intrauterine
E. coli
in metritis in dairy cattle, especially contradicting the existence of a unique intrauterine
E. coli
genotype associated with metritis in dairy cows, which was not found in our study.
Paediatric off-label use of drugs in Gansu, China: a multicentre cross-sectional study
Authors: Meng Min , Ge Bin , Lei Wenjuan , Wu Yuqiong , Tian Min , Lu Yali , Shao Tingji , Yang Yan , Luo Xufei , Luo Jiawei , Gao Yang , Li Qiu , Chen Yaolong 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveTo examine the current prevalence and cost of paediatric off-label drug prescriptions in Gansu, China, and the potential influencing factors.DesignThe prevalence of off-label prescriptions in paediatrics was evaluated according to the National Medical Products Administration drug instructions in the China Pharmaceutical Reference (China Pharmaceutical Reference, MCDEX) database. The evidence of the prescription was determined by existing clinical practice guidelines and the Thomson Grade in the Micromedex 2021 compendium. We used logistic regression to investigate the characteristics that influence paediatric off-label drug use after single-factor regression analysis.SettingA multicentre cross-sectional study of outpatient paediatric prescriptions in 196 secondary and tertiary hospitals in Gansu Province, China, in March and September 2020.ResultsWe retrieved 104 029 paediatric prescriptions, of which 39 480 (38.0%) contained off-label use. The most common diseases treated by off-label drugs were respiratory system diseases (n=15 831, 40.1%). A quarter of off-label prescriptions had adequate evidence basis (n=10 130, 25.6%). Unapproved indications were the most common type of off-label drug use (n=25 891, 65.6%). A total of 1177 different drugs were prescribed off-label, with multienzyme tablets being the most common drug (n=1790, 3.5%). The total cost of the prescribed off-label drugs was ¥106 116/day. Off-label prescriptions were less frequent in tertiary than in secondary hospitals. Topical preparations were more commonly prescribed off-label than other types of drugs. Senior-level clinicians prescribed drugs off-label more often than intermediate and junior clinicians.ConclusionOff-label drug use is widespread in paediatric practice in China. Three-quarters of the prescriptions may potentially include inappropriate medication use, resulting in a daily economic burden of about ¥81 000 in 2020 in Gansu Province with 25 million inhabitants. The management of off-label drug use in paediatrics in China needs improvement.
Association between septic shock and tracheal injury score in intensive care unit patients with invasive ventilation: a prospective single-centre cohort study in China
Authors: Zhang Pei , Yang Qilin , Yin Chunhua , Cai Zhigang , Lu Huaihai , Li Haitao , Li Liwen , Tian Ye , Bai Long , Huang Lining 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesThere was no evidence regarding the relationship between septic shock and tracheal injury scores. Investigate whether septic shock was independently associated with tracheal injury scores in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with invasive ventilation.DesignProspective observational cohort study.SettingOur study was conducted in a Class III hospital in Hebei province, China.ParticipantsPatients over 18 years of age admitted to the ICU between 31 May 2020 and 3 May 2022 with a tracheal tube and expected to be on the tube for more than 24 hours.Primary and secondary outcome measuresTracheal injuries were evaluated by examining hyperaemia, ischaemia, ulcers and tracheal perforation by fiberoptic bronchoscope. Depending on the number of lesions, the lesions were further classified as moderate, severe or confluent.ResultsAmong the 97 selected participants, the average age was 56.6±16.5 years, with approximately 64.9% being men. The results of adjusted linear regression showed that septic shock was associated with tracheal injury scores (β: 2.99; 95% CI 0.70 to 5.29). Subgroup analysis revealed a stronger association with a duration of intubation ≥8 days (p=0.013).ConclusionPatients with septic shock exhibit significantly higher tracheal injury scores compared with those without septic shock, suggesting that septic shock may serve as an independent risk factor for tracheal injury.Trial registration numberChiCTR2000037842, registered 03 September 2020. Retrospectively registered,https://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=57011&htm=4.
Exploring opportunities to strengthen rural tuberculosis health service delivery: a qualitative study with health workers in Tibet autonomous region, China
Authors: Haldane Victoria , Zhang Zhitong , Yin Tingting , Zhang Bei , Li Yinlong , Pan Qiuyu , Dainty Katie N , Rea Elizabeth , Pasang Pande , Hu Jun , Wei Xiaolin 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesThis qualitative study aimed to explore opportunities to strengthen tuberculosis (TB) health service delivery from the perspectives of health workers providing TB care in Shigatse prefecture of Tibet Autonomous Region, China.DesignQualitative research, semi-structured in-depth interviews.SettingThe TB care ecosystem in Shigatse, including primary and community care.ParticipantsParticipants: 37 semi-structured interviews were conducted with village doctors (14), township doctors and nurses (14), county hospital doctors (7) and Shigatse Centre for Disease Control staff (2).ResultsThe three main themes reported include (1) the importance of training primary and community health workers to identify people with symptoms of TB, ensure TB is diagnosed and link people with TB to further care; (2) the need to engage community health workers to ensure retention in care and adherence to TB medications; and (3) the opportunity for innovative technologies to support coordinated care, retention in care and adherence to medication in Shigatse.ConclusionsThe quality of TB care could be improved across the care cascade in Tibet and other high-burden, remote settings by strengthening primary care through ongoing training, greater support and inclusion of community health workers and by leveraging technology to create a circle of care. Future formative and implementation research should include the perspectives of health workers at all levels to improve care organisation and delivery.
Epidemiology of SLE in Italy: an observational study using a primary care database
Authors: Ferrara Pietro , Antonazzo Ippazio C , Zamparini Manuel , Fornari Carla , Borrelli Cristiana , Boarino Silvia , Bettiol Alessandra , Mattioli Irene , Palladino Pasquale , Zanzottera Ferrari Elena , Emmi Giacomo , Mantovani Lorenzo G , Mazzaglia Giampiero 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesTo estimate the incidence and prevalence of SLE in Italy, and to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with newly diagnosed SLE.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted using The Health Improvement Network general practice database in Italy, encompassing data from 634 753 people. SLE cases were identified over the period 2017–2022, employing three alternative definitions to provide a more detailed understanding of SLE characteristics. Incidence rates were expressed as cases per 100 000 person-years and prevalence as cases per 100 000 people. Demographic and clinical characteristics of incident SLE cases were also studied.ResultsFrom 2017 to 2022, a total of 191 incident and 1385 prevalent cases were identified under our first definition. In 2022, the incidence rate was 6.51 cases (95% CI 6.29 to 6.74) per 100 000 person-years, and the prevalence 60.57 (95% CI 59.89 to 61.25) per 100 000 people, being the prevalence five times higher in women compared with men. Both estimates have trended upwards since 2017. A geographical variation across the country was also seen. The demographic and clinical characteristics of incident SLE cases were described, while the potential associations of SLE incidence with some pre-existing conditions were observed, such as chronic kidney disease, chronic hepatic disease, rheumatoid arthritis and Sjogren’s syndrome.ConclusionsThe results of this nationwide study, the first conducted in Italy, showed that the incidence of SLE has increased in Italy in recent years. Age, sex, and area of residence strongly correlate with the epidemiology of this condition.
Effects of reduced pesticide use on winter wheat production in the Canadian Prairies
Authors: Wang Zhijie , Subedi Maya , Mohr Ramona M. , Geddes Charles M. , Aboukhaddour Reem , Willenborg Christian , Tidemann Breanne D. , Turkington Kelly T. , Kubota Hiroshi , Beres Brian L. 
Published: May 2024

Winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) is a highly competitive crop with the potential to enhance on-farm revenue and reduce reliance on crop protection inputs. The adoption of winter wheat in the Canadian Prairies has varied significantly over recent decades; however, improved weed and disease management practices could facilitate stability of hectares cultivated. To assess current and alternative pesticide management practices, we conducted a study across 15 site-years at four locations over 4 years (2018–2022). Experimental treatments included pre-plant weed management (glyphosate vs. glyphosate mixed with pyroxasulfone + carfentrazone-ethyl), in-crop weed management (no in-crop herbicide vs. fall-applied 2,4-D vs. fall-applied 2,4-D + spring-applied site-year-specific herbicides), and in-crop fungicide management (no in-crop fungicide vs. one prothioconazole + tebuconazole application at Zadoks Growth Stage (ZGS) 60 vs. two prothioconazole + tebuconazole applications at ZGS32 and ZGS60). Pre-plant glyphosate alone and glyphosate tank-mixed with pyroxasulfone + carfentrazone-ethyl exhibited comparable effects on grain yield, quality parameters, and agronomic characteristics. In-crop weed management had no significant influence on these factors compared to the no in-crop herbicide control, suggesting that in-crop herbicide applications are unnecessary due to the high competitiveness of winter wheat against weeds. However, disease mitigation was prudent as single and double application of fungicide increased grain yield while maintaining grain protein concentration levels. A high-yielding, stable system for optimal grain yield typically required pre-plant weed management coupled with two fungicide applications. These observations confirm herbicide inputs can be reduced in a winter wheat cropping system, but disease pressure requires careful cultivar selection with respect to disease resistance as multiple applications of fungicides were needed to optimize grain yield.
Exploring correlations between HEFT Higgs couplings $$\kappa _V$$ and $$\kappa _{2V}$$ via HH production at $$e^+e^-$$ colliders
Authors: Dávila J. M. , Domenech D. , Herrero M. J. , Morales R. A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this work we explore the phenomenological implications at future $$e^+e^-$$

e
+

e
-

colliders of assuming anomalous couplings of the Higgs boson to gauge bosons HVV and HHVV$$(V=W,Z)$$

(
V
=
W
,
Z
)

given by the $$\kappa $$
κ
-modifiers with respect to the Standard Model couplings, $$\kappa _V$$

κ
V

and $$\kappa _{2V},$$

κ

2
V

,

respectively. For this study we use the Higgs Effective Field Theory (HEFT) where these two $$\kappa $$
κ
parameters are identified with the two most relevant effective couplings at leading order, concretely $$a=\kappa _V$$

a
=

κ
V

and $$b=\kappa _{2V}.$$

b
=

κ

2
V

.

Our focus is put on these two couplings and their potential correlations which we believe carry interesting information on the underlying ultraviolet theory. The particular studied process is $$e^+e^- \rightarrow HH \nu \bar{\nu },$$

e
+

e
-

→
H
H
ν

ν

¯

,

where the vector boson scattering subprocess $$WW \rightarrow HH$$

W
W
→
H
H

plays a central role, specially at the largest planned energy colliders. Our detailed study of this process as a function of the energy and the angular variables indicates that the produced Higgs bosons in the BSM scenarios will have in general a high transversality as compared to the SM case if $$\kappa _V^2 \ne \kappa _{2V}.$$

κ
V
2

≠

κ

2
V

.

In order to enhance the sensitivity to these HEFT parameters $$\kappa _V$$

κ
V

and $$\kappa _{2V}$$

κ

2
V

and their potential correlations we propose here some selected differential cross sections for the $$e^+e^- \rightarrow HH \nu \bar{\nu }$$

e
+

e
-

→
H
H
ν

ν

¯

process, where different kinematic properties of the BSM case with respect to the SM are manifested. Finally, we will focus on the dominant Higgs decays to $$b {\bar{b}}$$

b

b

¯

pairs leading to final events with 4 b-jets and missing transverse energy from the undetected neutrinos and will provide the expected accessibility to the $$(\kappa _V,\kappa _{2V})$$

(

κ
V

,

κ

2
V

)

effective couplings and their potential correlations. In our study we will consider the three projected energies for $$e^+e^-$$

e
+

e
-

colliders of 500 GeV, 1000 GeV and 3000 GeV.
Box integrals with fermion bubbles for low-energy measurements of the weak mixing angle
Authors: Böttcher Nico , Schwanemann Niklas , Weinzierl Stefan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Moller experiment and the P2 experiment aim at measuring the weak mixing angle at low scales. The Moller experiment uses $$e^- e^- \rightarrow e^- e^-$$

e
-

e
-

→

e
-

e
-

-scattering, the P2 experiment uses $$e^- N \rightarrow e^- N$$

e
-

N
→

e
-

N

-scattering. In both cases, two-loop electroweak corrections have to be taken into account, and here in particular diagrams which give rise to large logarithms. In this paper we compute a set of two-loop electroweak Feynman integrals for point-like particles, which are obtained from a box integral by the insertion of a light fermion loop. By rationalising all occurring square roots we show that these Feynman integrals can be expressed in terms of multiple polylogarithms. We present the results in a form, which makes the large logarithms manifest. We provide highly efficient numerical evaluation routines for these integrals.
Interior solution of azimuthally symmetric case of Laplace equation in orthogonal similar oblate spheroidal coordinates
Authors: Strunz Pavel 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCurvilinear coordinate systems distinct from the rectangular Cartesian coordinate system are particularly valuable in the field calculations as they facilitate the expression of boundary conditions of differential equations in a reasonably simple way when the coordinate surfaces fit the physical boundaries of the problem. The recently finalized orthogonal similar oblate spheroidal (SOS) coordinate system can be particularly useful for a physical processes description inside or in the vicinity of the bodies or particles with the geometry of an oblate spheroid. The solution of the azimuthally symmetric case of the Laplace equation was found for the interior space in the orthogonal SOS coordinates. In the frame of the derivation of the harmonic functions, the Laplace equation was separated by a special separation procedure. A generalized Legendre equation was introduced as the equation for the angular part of the separated Laplace equation. The harmonic functions were determined as relations involving generalized Legendre functions of the first and of the second kind. Several lower-degree functions are reported. Recursion formula facilitating determination of the higher-degree harmonic functions was found. The general solution of the azimuthally symmetric Laplace equation for the interior space in the SOS coordinates is reported.
Transcatheter Mitral Valve Repair With the MitraClip Device for Prior Mitral Valve Repair Failure: Insights From the GIOTTO‐FAILS Study
Authors: Giordano Arturo , Ferraro Paolo , Finizio Filippo , Corcione Nicola , Cimmino Michele , Biondi‐Zoccai Giuseppe , Denti Paolo , Rubbio Antonio Popolo , Petronio Anna Sonia , Bartorelli Antonio L. , Mongiardo Annalisa , Giordano Salvatore , De Felice Francesco , Adamo Marianna , Montorfano Matteo , Baldi Cesare , Tarantini Giuseppe , Giannini Francesco , Ronco Federico , Monteforte Ida , Villa Emmanuel , Ferrario Maurizio , Fiocca Luigi , Castriota Fausto , Squeri Angelo , Tamburino Corrado , Bedogni Francesco 
Published: May 2024

Background
Minimally invasive mitral valve repair has a favorable risk–benefit profile in patients with significant de novo mitral regurgitation. Its role in patients with prior mitral valve repair is uncertain. We aimed to appraise the outcome of patients undergoing transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair (TEER) with prior transcatheter or surgical mitral valve repair (SMVR).

Methods and Results

We queried the Italian multicenter registry on TEER with MitraClip, distinguishing naïve patients from those with prior TEER or (SMVR). Inhospital and long‐term clinical/echocardiographic outcomes were appraised. The primary outcome was the occurrence of death or rehospitalization for heart failure. A total of 2238 patients were included, with 2169 (96.9%) who were naïve to any mitral intervention, 29 (1.3%) with prior TEER, and 40 (1.8%) with prior SMVR. Several significant differences were found in baseline clinical and imaging features. Respectively, device success was obtained in 2120 (97.7%), 28 (96.6%), and 38 (95.0%,
P
=0.261) patients; procedural success in 2080 (95.9%), 25 (86.2%), and 38 (95.0%;
P
=0.047); and inhospital death in 61 (2.8%), 1 (3.5%), and no (
P
=0.558) patients. Clinical follow‐up after a mean of 14 months showed similar rates of death, cardiac death, rehospitalization, rehospitalization for heart failure, and their composite (all
P
>0.05). Propensity score–adjusted analysis confirmed unadjusted analysis, with lower procedural success for the prior TEER group (odds ratio, 0.28 [95% CI, 0.09–0.81];
P
=0.019) but similar odds ratios and hazard ratios for all other outcomes in the naïve, TEER, and SMVR groups (all
P
>0.05).

Conclusions
In carefully selected patients, TEER can be performed using the MitraClip device even after prior TEER or SMVR.
The inscitia rei publicae ut alienae in the Preface to Tacitus’ Histories Revisited
Authors: Wang Zhongxiao 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this article, I aim to challenge previous interpretations of the phrase inscitia rei publicae ut alienae in Tacitus’ Histories 1.1.1, offering a new reading which has been overlooked in Tacitean scholarship. I argue that this phrase reflects Tacitus’ criticism of Augustan historians, who, in distancing themselves from the state, were no longer concerned with state affairs and abandoned historical writing. I trace parallels between Hist. 1.1.1 and Ann. 1.1.2, arguing that both texts refer synchronously to imperial historiography’s decline, which suggests that the inscitia rei publicae ut alienae emerged at the midpoint of Augustus’ reign. The rules that Augustus implemented to enforce the quorum for the senatorial assembly and the penalties imposed for absenteeism in 9 BC offer compelling evidence in support of this interpretation.
Can EU Law Be Used to Challenge Better Regulation Practices That Do Not Lead to Better Health?
Authors: Bartlett Ollie 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Legislation produced under the EU Commission’s Better Regulation Agenda sometimes fails to achieve the Treaty obligation to ensure a high level of health protection in all EU policies and activities. Public health advocates have raised the question of whether EU law can be employed to challenge this apparent breach of Treaty obligations at the proposal preparation stage, compelling the Commission to amend prospective EU legislation so that it better protects health. This article will demonstrate that unfortunately this is not possible due to the justiciability of both Article 168 TFEU and the Better Regulation Agenda. However, this awareness can help public health advocates to re-focus their efforts on strategies that will likely have a greater impact in swaying the direction of EU health policy.
Shrewdness and Coup d’œil: The Cognitive Attributes of the Consummate General (Greek Antiquity, Byzantine Era, Modern Times)
Authors: Rapin Ami-Jacques 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This article tests Everett Wheeler’s hypothesis that the Greek concept of ankhínoia finds its equivalent in the 18th-century military writers’ notion of the coup d’oeil by comparing treatises on the art of war written in the two periods. After highlighting the different meanings of the coup d’oeil in 18th -century military terminology, Carl von Clausewitz’s approach is examined in his new conceptual way.