bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of an Inhaled β2‐Agonist on Cardiovascular Function and Sympathetic Activity in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Snyder Eric M. , Wong Eric C. , Foxx‐Lupo William T. , Wheatley Courtney M. , Cassuto Nicholas A. , Patanwala Asad E. 
Published: July 2011

Study Objective. To determine the effect of a short‐acting, inhaled β2‐adrenergic receptor agonist, albuterol sulfate, administered by nebulization, on cardiovascular function and sympathetic activity in healthy individuals.Design. Prospective, placebo‐controlled, single‐blind, crossover study.Setting. University research center.Subjects. Seventeen healthy subjects.Intervention. After a screening visit to rule out cardiovascular abnormalities and anemia, each subject participated in two more separate visits. At the second visit, they were administered a single dose of either nebulized albuterol sulfate 2.5 mg diluted in 3 ml of normal saline or placebo (3 ml of normal saline). One week later, subjects returned for their third visit and received the other treatment.Measurements and Main Results. At the two study visits, before and 30, 60, and 90 minutes after administration of albuterol or placebo, we measured plasma catecholamine levels (epinephrine and norepinephrine), cardiac output, heart rate, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and we calculated stroke volume, mean arterial pressure, and systemic vascular resistance (SVR). Inhaled placebo resulted in no significant change overall in any of the measured or calculated cardiovascular parameters. Compared with baseline values, albuterol administration after 30, 60, and 90 minutes, increased cardiac output (mean ± SD 4.2 ± 1.1, 4.4 ± 1.3, and 4.3 ± 1.1 L/min, respectively, vs 3.6 ± 1.0 L/min) and stroke volume (51 ± 15, 56 ± 14, and 56 ± 13 ml, respectively, vs 46 ± 12 ml), did not significantly change blood pressure, and decreased SVR (1401 ± 432, 1393 ± 424, and 1384 ± 391 dynes ·sec/cm5, respectively, vs 1661 ± 453 dynes ·sec/cm5) (p<0.05 for all comparisons). Heart rate was significantly changed with both albuterol and placebo, but only at 30 minutes after treatment. Albuterol, but not placebo, also increased plasma norepinephrine levels.Conclusion. In these healthy subjects, administration of a nebulized β2‐agonist resulted in enhanced ventricular function and a decrease in SVR, suggesting peripheral vasodilation. In addition, the increase in norepinephrine level with albuterol, but not placebo, may have important implications in patients with known cardiovascular disease.
A Reliable and Safe Method of Collecting Blood Samples from Implantable Central Venous Catheters for Determination of Plasma Gentamicin Concentrations
Authors: Chen Jennifer , Boodhan Sabrina , Nanji Munira , Chang Ann , Sekharan Santhosh , Lavoratore Sara , Brand$aTo Leonardo R. , Skolnik Jeffrey M. , Dupuis L. Lee 
Published: July 2011

Study Objective. To evaluate the extent of agreement between plasma gentamicin concentrations determined from samples collected by using implantable subcutaneous central venous catheters (ports) with the push‐pull method and those collected by finger lancet punctures in children with febrile neutropenia.Design. Prospective, randomized study.Setting. University‐affiliated, tertiary care hospital.Patients. Sixty‐two children with cancer who had single‐ or double‐lumen ports and who received gentamicin for treatment of febrile neutropenia between February 2008 and October 2009.Intervention. One blood sample was collected from the port by using the push‐pull method at the same time one blood sample was collected by finger lancet puncture for determination of plasma gentamicin concentrations.Measurements and Main Results. Forty‐four pairs of samples were available for assessment of agreement, and 43 were available for pharmacokinetic analysis. Agreement between plasma gentamicin concentrations determined from blood samples from ports and finger lancet punctures was assessed by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Bland‐Altman analysis, and comparison of simulated dosage adjustments. Changes in port patency were monitored for 1 week after port sampling. Differences in simulated dosage adjustments calculated by using either the port or finger lancet puncture samples that differed by greater than 20% were considered clinically significant. Agreement between the 44 finger lancet puncture and port sample pairs was excellent (ICC 0.991, 95% confidence interval 0.984–0.995). Port plasma gentamicin concentrations were 4.7% lower than those concentrations determined in blood from finger lancet punctures. The observed limits of agreement ranged from −20.5% to 11%. Differences in dosage adjustments calculated by using port and finger lancet puncture plasma gentamicin concentrations were not clinically significant in 38 (88%) of 43 cases. No changes in port patency were observed in the week after port sampling.Conclusion. The push‐pull method of blood sampling is a reliable and safe option for determining plasma gentamicin concentrations in children with ports.
Dosing Options for Decreasing the Time to Achieve Therapeutic Anticoagulation When Reinitiating Warfarin: A Case Series
Authors: Schultz Karen T. , Bungard Tammy J. 
Published: July 2011

Study Objectives. To determine dosing options for decreasing the time to achieve a therapeutic international normalized ratio (INR) threshold of 2.0 when restarting warfarin in an ambulatory population whose previous warfarin maintenance doses are known, and to identify thromboembolic and major bleeding events up to 90 days after disruption of warfarin therapy.Design. Retrospective medical record review.Setting. Ambulatory anticoagulation management service (AMS) in Canada.Patients. Thirty‐six patients managed by the AMS whose warfarin doses were withheld for a minimum of 4 consecutive days, who did not use vitamin K for warfarin reversal, and who had at least 90 days of follow‐up after restarting warfarin between January 1, 2005, and April 1, 2010.Measurements and Main Results. Forty‐one episodes of warfarin reinitiation in the 36 patients were identified. Time to therapeutic INR was defined as days to reach a therapeutic INR threshold of 2.0, regardless of usual target INR or indication for warfarin therapy. Restarting warfarin at previous maintenance doses (i.e., no loading dose) took a median of 20.5 days (interquartile range [IQR 14.3–31.3 days) to achieve a therapeutic INR. In contrast, administering a loading dose approximating 40% more than the previous daily maintenance dose for 2 or 3 days, on either the first day or after the first day of warfarin reinitiation, shortened the time to achieve a therapeutic INR to a median of 5.0 days (IQR 4.0–6.0 days) or 6.0 days (IQR 5.0–7.8 days), respectively. No thromboembolic events occurred during the 90‐day follow‐up period. Six episodes of major bleeding occurred. All occurred in patients who received a warfarin loading dose; however, most had INRs less than 2.0 and had risk factors for bleeding.Conclusion. In select patients, the option of administering a warfarin loading dose of approximately 40% greater than the previous daily maintenance dose for 2 or 3 days shortens the time to achieving therapeutic anticoagulation.
Factors Associated with the Prescribing of Olanzapine, Quetiapine, and Risperidone in Patients with Bipolar and Related Affective Disorders
Authors: Prabhakar Maithri , Haynes William G. , Coryell William H. , Chrischilles Elizabeth A. , Miller Del D. , Arndt Stephan , Ellingrod Vicki L. , Warren Lois , Fiedorowicz Jess G. 
Published: July 2011

Study Objective. To identify the factors associated with newly prescribed, first‐line, second‐generation antipsychotics (SgAs) associated with weight gain—olanzapine, risperidone, and quetiapine.Design. Retrospective medical record review.Setting. Outpatient and inpatient psychiatry services at a tertiary care, academic medical center.Patients. Three hundred forty consecutive adults who had major depressive disorder with psychotic features, bipolar I, bipolar II, bipolar not otherwise specified, or schizoaffective disorder over two time periods (August 30‐October 30, 2009, and April 1‐May 31, 2010).Measurements and Main Results. Clinical and sociodemographic variables associated with newly prescribed olanzapine, risperidone, and quetiapine were identified by using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Several clinical factors were individually associated with initiation of these SGAs: mania (odds ratio [OR 3.6, 95% confidence interval [CI 1.2–10.8, p=0.02), psychosis (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.5–6.9, p=0.002), and inpatient treatment (OR 3.8, 95% CI 1.8–7.9, p=0.0005). Prevalent use of lithium (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.1–0.9, p=0.03) and being married (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.1–0.8, p=0.02) were inversely associated with new use of an SGA. Mania, psychosis, married status, and lithium use remained independently associated on multivariate analysis. Factors related to metabolic or vascular risk were not associated with SGA initiation.Conclusion. Psychiatric clinicians were influenced heavily by clinical features related to mental status and acuity when determining whether to prescribe SGAs. However, factors related to vascular risk were not associated. Future observational studies should consider current clinical status as an important factor in determining propensity to receive antipsychotics or other short‐term treatments for bipolar and related disorders.
3D Reservoir Simulation of X Field Onshore Niger Delta Nigeria: The Power of Multiple Iterations
Authors: Ahmed S. , Nyeche M. , Engel S. , Nworie E. , De Mooij H. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
The re-development of brown fields traditionally depend on the extensive and proper integration of all subsurface Petroleum Engineering data. This paper demonstrates the impact and importance of incorporating feedback from dynamic reservoir modeling, in particular the history matching of calibrated production data, into the static model building thus creating an integrated static/dynamic modelling (loop) process.
This case study describes the subsurface modelling work done for a 67 ft oil-rim reservoir with a large gas-cap in the Niger Delta (Nigeria). The reservoir has been on production since the early 90s and till date has produced over 30MMstb of oil. The first-pass static model was constructed based on consistent geologic concepts incorporating data from 3D seismic and well logs. Initial simulation and history matching of this model suggested that the historical production from the reservoir could only be reasonably matched with higher oil volumes in place compared to the original Base Case Model. The static model was subsequently updated, by re-evaluation of the structural uncertainties as well as an update of the property modeling. The new model, whilst still consistent with the hard data (wells and seismic) achieved a high confidence history match. Based on the revised model, six new wells are planned to be drilled in this reservoir in 2011 to develop additional over 20MMstb of oil reserve.
The integration between the various Petroleum Engineering disciplines (Production Geology / Seismology, Petrophysics, Reservoir Engineering and Production Technology) and the use (early) of dynamic results to guide the update of the static model proved powerful. This "closing the loop" approach results in a better understanding of the subsurface, delivers more robust results in optimal placement of wells and ultimately enables a more optimal development of the field.
Growth and Innovation Policy in a Small, Open Economy: Should You Stimulate Domestic R&D or Exports?
Authors: Bye Brita , Faehn Taran , Grünfeld Leo A. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
In small and open economies, absorption of foreign knowledge through international trade often plays a more important role for domestic innovation and growth than investment in domestic R&D. This suggests that trade policies can increase knowledge spillovers from abroad. Public support to R&D can be motivated both by positive internal knowledge externalities and by its ability to expand absorptive capacity. This dynamic, empirical, general equilibrium analysis models these interplays between R&D, trade and productivity. It compares public R&D support and export promotion of R&D based products with respect to long term growth and welfare impacts. We find that export promotion is inferior to R&D support in spurring R&D. However, it is not outperformed in terms of welfare generation. The reason is that existing and politically persistent policy interventions create inefficiencies that can be counteracted by R&D-based export promotion as a second-best policy.
The effect of tibial tuberosity advancement and meniscal release on kinematics of the cranial cruciate ligament-deficient stifle during early, middle, and late stance
Authors: Syrcle J. A. , McLaughlin R. M. , Elder S. H. , Butler J. R. 
Published: July 2011

SummaryObjectives: To evaluate the effect of tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) and meniscal release on cranial-caudal and axial rotational displacement during early, middle and late stance phases in the canine cranial cruciate ligament- (CCL) deficient stifle.Study design: In vitro biomechanical study.Methods: Eighteen pelvic limbs were evaluated for the effects of TTA on cranial-caudal displacement and axial rotation under a load equivalent to 30% bodyweight, and under the following treatment conditions: normal (intact CCL), CCL deficient, TTA-treated (CCL deficient + TTA), and meniscal release (TTA treated + meniscal release). The limbs were evaluated in the early, middle, and late stance phases using electromagnetic tracking sensors to determine cranial tibial displacement and tibial rotation relative to the femur.Results: Transection of the CCL resulted in significant cranial tibial displacement during early, middle, and late stance (p < 0.0001) and significant internal rotation during early (p = 0.049) and middle stance (p = 0.0006). Performance of TTA successfully eliminated cranial tibial displacement in early, middle, and late stance (p <0.0001) however, the TTA was unsuccessful in normalizing axial rotation in middle stance (p = 0.030). Meniscal release had no effect on cranial-caudal or rotational displacement when performed in conjunction with the TTA.Clinical significance: Tibial tuberosity advancement effectively eliminates cranial tibial displacement during early, middle and late stance however, TTA failed to provide rotational stability in mid-stance.
Evaluation of the transarticular external skeletal fixator for the treatment of tarsocrural instability in 32 cats
Authors: Grierson J. , Okushima S. , Cariou M. , House A. , Kulendra E. 
Published: July 2011

SummaryThe medical records of all cats with tarsocrural joint instability that were treated between June 2002 and December 2008 at the Royal Veterinary College were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 32 cats were identified. Information gathered included signalment, type of injury (subluxation or luxation), concurrent fractures, presence of soft tissue wounds, transarticular external skeletal fixation (TESF) type, configuration of TESF (number of pins proximal and distal to the joint), duration of hospitalisation, duration of TESF prior to removal, complications and cost. A significant association was identified between the length of hospitalisation and the presence of wounds. Similarly a significant association was present between wounds and final cost of treatment. Additionally, the authors found that a high number of implant related complications were present when only two pins were used proximal and distal to the tarsocrural joint, but this association was not significant.
Elbow arthrodesis following a pathological fracture in a dog with bilateral humeral bone cysts
Authors: Arnold G. A. , Choate C. J. 
Published: July 2011

SummaryA 10-month-old Yorkshire Terrier was referred for evaluation of an intermittent right thoracic limb lameness that acutely progressed to non-weight-bearing. A diagnosis of bilateral bone cysts of the humeral condyles with a pathologic fracture of the lateral aspect of the right humeral condyle was given following radiographic and histopathologic examination. Bilateral pathology necessitated consideration of treatment modalities other than amputation of the limb, as previously reported. Arthrodesis of the right elbow using a 2.0 mm locking bone plate was performed. The dog did not experience any complications associated with the procedure or the contralateral bone cyst.
Identification and Structural Characterization of Novel Genetic Elements in the HIV-1 V3 Loop Regulating Coreceptor Usage
Authors:   on behalf of the OSCAR study group, Svicher Valentina , Alteri Claudia , Artese Anna , Zhang Jing Maria , Costa Giosuè , Mercurio Fabio , D'Arrigo Roberta , Alcaro Stefano , Palù Giorgio , Clementi Massimo , Zazzi Maurizio , Andreoni Massimo , Antinori Andrea , Lazzarin Adriano , Ceccherini-Silberstein Francesca , Perno Carlo Federico 
Published: July 2011

Background The interaction between HIV-1 gp120 and CCR5 N terminus is critical for R5-virus entry and affects CCR5 antagonists’ activity. Knowledge of how different genetic signatures of gp120 V3 domain effect the strength of this interaction is limited. Methods HIV-1 coreceptor usage was assessed in 251 patients using enhanced-sensitivity Trofile assay and V3 sequencing plus tropism prediction by Geno2pheno algorithm. Bayesian partitional model and recursive model selection have been used to define V3 genetic determinants correlated with different coreceptor usage. Gp120 interaction with CCR5 N terminus was evaluated by docking-analysis/molecular–dynamic simulations starting from the model described previously. Results Selected V3 genetic determinants (beyond known aminoacidic positions) significantly correlate with CCR5-or CXCR4-usage, and modulate gp120 affinity for CCR5 N terminus. This is the case for N5Y and N7K, absent in CCR5-using viruses and present in 4.5% and 6% of CXCR4-using viruses, respectively, and A19V, occurring in 2.6% of CCR5-using viruses and 22.0% of CXCR4-using viruses ( P=10-2 to 10-7). Their presence determines a decreased affinity for CCR5 N terminus even stronger than that observed in the presence of the well-known mutation S11R (N5Y: -6.60 Kcal/mol; N7K: -5.40 Kcal/mol; A19V: -5.60 Kcal/mol; S11R: -6.70 Kcal/mol; WT: -6.90 Kcal/mol). N7K significantly increases the distance between V3 position 7 and sulphotyrosine at CCR5 position 14 (crucial for binding to gp120; from 4.22 Å to 8.30 Å), thus abrogating the interaction between these two important residues. Conclusions Key determinants for tropism within the V3 sequence, confirmed by structure- and by phenotypictropism, have been identified. This information can be used for a finer tuning of potential efficacy of CCR5-antagonists in clinical practice, and to provide molecular implications for design of new entry inhibitors.
Ribavirin and Interferon Alter Mmp-9 Abundance In Vitro and in HIV–HCV-Coinfected Patients
Authors: Kennedy Alan , Hennessy Martina , Bergin Colm , Mulcahy Fiona , Hopkins Susan , Spiers J Paul 
Published: July 2011

Background Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their endogenous tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) are central to tissue remodelling during HIV–HCV infection. Here, we assess the potential for antiviral therapy to modulate MMP abundance in THP-1 monocyte/macrophages and LX-2 hepatic stellate cells, and in a coinfected patient cohort. Methods THP-1 and LX-2 cells were treated with ribavirin (RBV)/interferon-α (IFN-α) and select HIV antivirals. Venous blood was reserved from HIV–HCV-coinfected patients, HIV- and HCV-monoinfected patients, and healthy controls, with the HIV–HCV cohort being sampled again at day 3 and 14 subsequent to the start of combination therapy with RBV/pegylated IFN-α. Samples were subjected to gelatin zymography, real-time RT-PCR and/or ELISA, where appropriate. Results RBV/IFN-α decreased MMP-9 activity, and increased MMP-9 mRNA and protein expression in THP-1 cells, but not in LX-2 cells. Decreases in MMP-9 activity were mediated by IFN-α, which also attenuated RBV induction of MMP-9 activity and protein expression in THP-1 cells. Saquinavir and lopinavir, HIV protease inhibitors, reduced MMP-9 activity in THP-1 and LX-2 cells, respectively. Plasma MMP-9 activity and expression was higher in HIV–HCV and HIV patients compared with HCV patients and healthy controls. MMP-2 and TIMP-2 levels were similar in all groups. RBV/pegylated IFN-α decreased plasma MMP-9 abundance in HIV–HCV patients. Conclusions These data demonstrate that RBV/pegylated IFN-α reduce plasma MMP-9 abundance in vivo and may reduce its activity in vitro through immune cells, such as monocyte/macrophages, rather than hepatic stellate cells. The results of this study indicate that such therapy may mediate tissue remodelling associated with HIV–HCV coinfection through effects on MMP-9.
Que savons-nous de la liaison aujourd'hui ?
Authors: Durand Jacques , Laks Bernard , Calderone Basilio , Tchobanov Atanas 
Published: July 2011

La thèse doctorale de Sanford Schane (1965) a lancé une longue tradition de travaux où la liaison est envisagée premièrement comme une question essentiellement phonologique, deuxièmement comme le résultat passif du non effacement de segments sous-jacents, troisièmement comme facilement explicable si on a recours aux outils théoriques pertinents (traits, frontières, règles ou contraintes, par exemple). Dans cet article, nous présentons une autre méthodologie pour étudier la liaison fondée sur le programme PFC (Phonologie du Français Contemporain : usages, variétés et structures) . Nous soutenons qu’une base empirique plus adéquate fournit une image différente de la liaison comme un phénomène multi-factoriel et multi-niveaux largement influencé par des effets de fréquence. Nous présentons un ensemble de résultats allant de l’enchaînement au rôle de l’âge, du niveau d’études, du sexe ou de la localisation géographique.
23-Gauge Pars Plana Vitrectomy with Pars Plana Baerveldt Tube Placement for Refractory Glaucoma
Authors: Kolomeyer Anton M. , Fechtner Robert D. , Zarbin Marco A. , Bhagat Neelakshi 
Published: July 2011

Purpose To describe a case series of combined 23-gauge vitrectomy and pars plana Baerveldt tube insertion for intraocular pressure (IOP) control in eyes with glaucoma resistant to maximum tolerated medical therapy and/or having failed previous IOP-lowering procedures. Methods Eight consecutive patients (8 eyes) undergoing a combined procedure were identified and included in this study. Outcome measures included preoperative and final best-corrected visual acuity (VA), IOP, number of glaucoma medications, and complications. Changes in IOP and glaucoma medications were compared by a paired t test. A Kaplan-Meier survival curve was constructed to evaluate IOP control as a function of time. Results Mean patient age was 70.9 years while the mean follow-up time was 12.1 months. Open angle glaucoma was diagnosed in 5 (68%) eyes. Six (75%) eyes were pseudophakic. All eyes received a 250-mm2 pars plana Baerveldt tube. Vision remained the same or improved in 6 (75%) eyes. Mean preoperative IOP and number of glaucoma medications were significantly (p<0.05) reduced by the combined procedure. Visual acuity of 5 (63%) eyes improved or remained unchanged. Six (75%) eyes encountered minor complications not requiring a return to the operating room. One (13%) eye underwent drainage of hemorrhagic choroidals on postoperative day 12. Conclusions A combined 23-gauge vitrectomy and pars plana Baerveldt tube insertion could be considered a useful procedure in reducing IOP and the number of glaucoma medications in eyes with refractory glaucoma.