bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A wartime radio Odyssey: Edward Sackville-West and Benjamin Britten's The Rescue (1943)
Authors: Wrigley Amanda 
Published: April 2011

The Rescue, Edward Sackville-West's 1943 radio dramatization of part of Homer'sOdysseywith music by Benjamin Britten, appears to be the first substantial treatment of Homeric epic on BBC Radio, and also the most enduring (with six further productions to 1988). The Homeric epics are rich sources of material for radio dramatization: the poems offer much that is worth re-telling, with many dramatic episodes; furthermore, a great proportion of each poem is delivered in direct speech. But there is also a strong affinity between the ancient performance of Homeric epic and the modern radio play. Both tell of characters and events that the audience cannot see: ancient bard and modern radio practitioners (writers, composers, actors, etc.) must capture and hold the imagination of the audience without the aid of bodily impersonation.This article considers two interrelated aspects of this particular radioOdyssey: first, how the collaboration of Sackville-West and Britten made a distinctive exploration of the dramatic potential of radio; second, how the close association of words and music suggest a reflective awareness ofThe Rescue's relationship with ancient epic performance, especially through the character of the bard Phemius. The narrative ofThe Rescueboth resonates with the contemporary international situation and argues for the humanizing potential of aesthetic experience: in the Epilogue, Phemius implores the (radio) audience to Forget the poem I made; but remember/The purer voice you hear behind my words, distilling a theme of the play which encourages characters and listeners to search for the meaning and value of things. Thus, the listener is encouraged not only to hear the story but also to listen to its meaning not simply hear the music, but listen to what it is saying. The article concludes with a consideration of the evidence in the Listener Research Report of how individual listeners actually engaged with and responded to the 1943 premire and later productions.
Experts without expertise? Findings of a comparative study of American, British and German-language reviews of musicals by Stephen Sondheim and Andrew Lloyd Webber
Authors: Jubin Olaf 
Published: April 2011

This essay sums up the findings of a content analysis of 1,824 theatre reviews of musicals by Stephen Sondheim and Andrew Lloyd Webber that were published between 1957 and 2002 in the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany and Austria.
The study examined the criteria reviewers
used and what they were looking for in a musical. The results suggest that instead of reviewing each work on its own terms based on its own aims and merits theatre critics in all countries are clearly influenced by three chief factors when it comes to what aspects of a show are described,
interpreted and judged: their own expectations, the journalistic tradition of reviewing in each respective country and the reputation of the artists involved with the production. In addition, in spite of the text-oriented training of most theatre critics, they tend to focus in their articles
on the composer and her/his music, although this is not their area of expertise or a field that they are likely to describe with eloquence or precision.
With one eye on: Viewing a sound installation
Authors: Chung Lucia H 
Published: April 2011

In recent years, the term sound installation has been created and deployed to describe a variety of interdisciplinary artwork that, in one way or another, involves the phenomenon of sound. Sometimes, we encounter a piece of sound installation that seeks to heighten our auditory experience
by removing any visual references.1 More often, we see a piece of sound installation that incorporates visual elements that may or may not have direct relationship to the sound itself. It can be listened to through headphones to create an intimate relationship with the viewer/listener.
Or it can be presented in a cacophonous manner that drives some viewers/listeners away whilst appealing to others.
In any case, there is always the role of space that hosts the existence of sound. The concept of space can be seen as one of the fundamental elements within the art of sight
and sound. Therefore, in this article, by reflecting upon my own practice, I will explore the concept of space within the structure of sound installation, and the interdependent relationship of elements of sight and sound by drawing upon the tradition of electro-acoustic music and installation
art.
Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus cysteine proteases by human serpin potentially limits staphylococcal virulence
Authors: Kantyka Tomasz , Plaza Karolina , Koziel Joanna , Florczyk Danuta , Stennicke Hennig R. , Thogersen Ida B. , Enghild Jan J. , Silverman Gary A. , Pak Stephen C. , Potempa Jan 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBacterial proteases are considered virulence factors and it is presumed that by abrogating their activity, host endogenous protease inhibitors play a role in host defense against invading pathogens. Here we present data showing thatStaphylococcus aureuscysteine proteases (staphopains) are efficiently inhibited by Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen 1 (SCCA1), an epithelial-derived serpin. The high association rate constant (kass) for inhibitory complex formation (1.9×104m/s and 5.8×104 m/s for staphopain A and staphopain B interaction with SCCA1, respectively), strongly suggests that SCCA1 can regulate staphopain activityin vivoat epithelial surfaces infected/colonized byS. aureus. The mechanism of staphopain inhibition by SCCA1 is apparently the same for serpin interaction with target serine proteases whereby the formation of a covalent complex result in cleavage of the inhibitory reactive site peptide bond and associated release of the C-terminal serpin fragment. Interestingly, the SCCA1 reactive site closely resembles a motif in the reactive site loop of nativeS. aureus-derived inhibitors of the staphopains (staphostatins). Given thatS. aureusis a major pathogen of epithelial surfaces, we suggest that SCCA1 functions to temper the virulence of this bacterium by inhibiting the staphopains.
Accelerated Laboratory Pavement Model Test on Cemented Base and Clay Subgrade
Authors: Gnanendran C. T. , Piratheepan J. , Ramanujam J. , Arulrajah A. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
This paper examines the pavement model test box (PMTB) testing method and its suitability for determining the stiffness modulus, fatigue and permanent deformation properties of a pavement structure constructed with a cementitiously stabilized granular base layer of 250 mm thickness and a clay subgrade layer of 330 mm thickness that are required for the design of a pavement structure involving these materials. A new laboratory PMTB test setup with extensive instrumentations to measure soil deformations and strains is presented in this paper. The suitability of this testing arrangement for determining the stiffness, fatigue and permanent deformation characteristics of a pavement structure was examined by studying the characteristics of a granular base material stabilized with 1.5 % general blend (GB) cement-flyash and a clay subgrade material. The test was continued at a frequency of 3 Hz up to 8 millions load cycles and measured horizontal tensile strain at the bottom of the stabilised base layer was used to determine the fatigue life of the stabilised layer. This study indicates that the deformation and strain measurement setups used for PMTB testing is suitable for undertaking cyclic load PMTB tests to determine the stiffness, fatigue and permanent deformation properties of the materials reliably.
Proximodistal Patterning in the Drosophila Leg: Models and Mutations
Authors: Baker Nicholas E 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Limbs have a proximodistal axis that usually is not apparent early in development, a striking example of epigenesis. The proximodistal axis was the subject of experimental and theoretical study before any molecular genetic understanding emerged. As developmental genetic studies in Drosophila advanced, the descriptive polar coordinate model of the 1970s evolved into an understanding of how preexisting developmental compartments interact to express signaling molecules, including Hedgehog, Wingless, and Decapentaplegic, and how these define a proximodistal axis as limbs appear.
Perceptions of Disease State, Treatment Outcomes, and Prognosis Among Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes: Results from an Internet-Based Survey
Authors: Sekeres Mikkael A. , Maciejewski Jaroslaw P. , List Alan F. , Steensma David P. , Artz Andrew , Swern Arlene S. , Scribner Paul , Huber John , Stone Richard 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Purpose.
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) are a heterogenous group of clonal hematopoietic disorders affecting approximately 60,000 people in the U.S. Little information is available regarding how aware MDS patients are of their disease severity, prognosis, and treatment outcomes.

Methods.
This Internet-based survey assessed patient perceptions regarding these factors, determined differences between patients with higher- and lower-risk disease and between those receiving active treatment and supportive care, and assessed patient-reported outcomes.

Results.
Among 358 patients (median age, 65 years), the median time since MDS diagnosis was 3 years and time from initial hematologic abnormality detection was 6 years. Many patients (55%) did not know their International Prognostic Scoring System score, 42% were unaware of their blast percentage, and 28% were unaware of their cytogenetics. Patients were unlikely to recall having their MDS described as cancer (7%), 37% felt their treatment would improve survival, and 16% felt treatment would be curative. Patients receiving active treatment were more likely to believe their therapy would prolong survival than those receiving supportive care (52% versus 31%; p &lt; .001) or be curative (23% versus 14%; p = .03). Patients with higher-risk disease were more likely to think their therapy would be curative than those with lower-risk disease (26% versus 11%; p = .01). Patients with MDS reported poor physical or mental health on two to three times more days per month than population norms.

Conclusion.
Patients with MDS have a limited understanding of their disease characteristics, prognosis, and treatment goals. These results may help improve physician–patient communication and identify factors to consider when making treatment decisions.
Long-Term Neuropathy After Oxaliplatin Treatment: Challenging the Dictum of Reversibility
Authors: Park Susanna B. , Lin Cindy S.Y. , Krishnan Arun V. , Goldstein David , Friedlander Michael L. , Kiernan Matthew C. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Define the symptoms of sensory neurotoxicity in oxaliplatin-treated patients and identify the long-term natural history of nerve dysfunction as a long-lasting complication of treatment that does not necessarily resolve within 6 months.Use sensory excitability techniques to predict long-standing changes in sensory nerve function produced by oxaliplatin.
CME This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com

Objectives.
Oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy is a significant and dose-limiting toxicity that adversely affects quality of life. However, the long-term neurological sequelae have not been adequately described. The present study aimed to describe the natural history of oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy, using subjective and objective assessments.

Methods.
From a population of 108 oxaliplatin-treated patients referred for neurological assessment in 2002–2008, 52.2% of the surviving patient cohort (n = 24) was available for follow-up at a median of 25 months post-oxaliplatin. Patients underwent a protocol that incorporated clinical assessment scales, patient questionnaires, standard electrodiagnostic assessments, and novel nerve excitability studies to precisely assess nerve function.

Results.
At follow-up, 79.2% of patients reported residual neuropathic symptoms, with distal loss of pin-prick sensibility in 58.3% of patients and loss of vibration sensibility in 83.3% of patients. Symptom severity scores were significantly correlated with cumulative dose. There was no recovery of sensory action potential amplitudes in upper and lower limbs, consistent with persistent axonal sensory neuropathy. Sensory excitability parameters had not returned to baseline levels, suggesting persisting abnormalities in nerve function. The extent of excitability abnormalities during treatment was significantly correlated with clinical outcomes at follow-up.

Conclusions.
These findings establish the persistence of subjective and objective deficits in oxaliplatin-treated patients post-oxaliplatin, suggesting that sensory neuropathy is a long-term outcome, thereby challenging the literature on the reversibility of oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy.
Are the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Associated With Reduced Risk of Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors?
Authors: Zamora Daisy , Gordon-Larsen Penny , He Ka , Jacobs David R. , Shikany James M. , Popkin Barry M. 
Published: April 2011

OBJECTIVE
To examine the prospective association between accordance with the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) and subsequent diabetes incidence and changes in cardiometabolic risk factors.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The sample consisted of 4,381 black and white young adults examined repeatedly from 1985 to 2005. We used the 2005 Diet Quality Index (DQI) to rate participants’ diets based on meeting key dietary recommendations conveyed by the 2005 DGA.

RESULTS
Overall, we found no association between DQI score and diabetes risk using Cox models adjusted for potential confounders. Higher DQI scores were associated with favorable changes in HDL cholesterol and blood pressure overall (P for trend &lt;0.05), but with increased insulin resistance among blacks (P for trend &lt;0.01).

CONCLUSIONS
Our findings highlight the need for evaluation of the DGA’s effectiveness, particularly among ethnic minority populations. Clinicians should be aware that following the DGA might not lower diabetes risk.
Effect of Gastric Bypass Surgery on the Absorption and Bioavailability of Metformin
Authors: Padwal Raj S. , Gabr Raniah Q. , Sharma Arya M. , Langkaas Lee-Ann , Birch Dan W. , Karmali Shahzeer , Brocks Dion R. 
Published: April 2011

OBJECTIVE
Use of gastric bypass surgery is common and increasing. Over 40% of patients in diabetes remission after gastric bypass surgery may redevelop diabetes within 5 years. Metformin, the first-line drug for diabetes, has low bioavailability and slow, incomplete gastrointestinal absorption. We hypothesized that gastric bypass would further reduce the absorption and bioavailability of metformin.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In a nonblinded, single-dose pharmacokinetic study, 16 nondiabetic post–gastric bypass patients and 16 sex- and BMI-matched control subjects (mean age 40 years and BMI 39.2 kg/m2) were administered two 500-mg metformin tablets. Plasma metformin levels were sampled at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 24 h. Metformin absorption, estimated by the area under the curve (AUC) of the plasma drug concentrations from time 0 to infinity (AUC0-∞), was the primary outcome, and metformin bioavailability, assessed by measuring 24-h urine metformin levels, was a secondary outcome.

RESULTS
Compared with control subjects, metformin AUC0–∞ was increased in gastric bypass subjects by 21% (13.7 vs. 11.4 μg/mL/h; mean difference 2.3 [95% CI −1.3 to 5.9]) and bioavailability was increased by 50% (41.8 vs. 27.8%; 14.0 [4.1–23.9]). Gastric bypass patients had significantly lower AUC glucose levels over 8 h compared with control subjects (35.8 vs. 41.7 μg/mL/h; 5.9 [3.1–8.8]), but this was likely a result of differences in baseline fasting glucose and not metformin absorption.

CONCLUSIONS
Metformin absorption and bioavailability seem to be higher after gastric bypass, and this may have implications on dosing and toxicity risk. Studies are needed to confirm these findings and delineate potential mechanisms.
Molecular Basis of Blackgrass (Alopecurus Myosuroides HUDS.) Resistance to Sulfonylurea Herbicides
Authors: Krysiak Michał , Gawroński Stanisław , Kierzek Roman , Adamczewski Kazimierz 
Published: April 2011

Molecular Basis of Blackgrass (Alopecurus MyosuroidesHUDS.) Resistance to Sulfonylurea HerbicidesBlackgrass biotype resistant to the mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron mixture has been found in Poland and was investigated in this study. Seedlings that survived double-dosed herbicide treatment were submitted to molecular analysis in order to explain the mechanism of resistance. Domains A and B of the acetolactate synthase gene were amplified by PCR and then sequenced. Biotypes which were both resistant and susceptible to mesosulfuron+iodosulfuron were analyzed. The comparison of the obtained sequences was made on a nucleotide and aminoacid level. The comparison revealed a substitution of proline codon to histidine codon in position 197 in each resistant plant. Mutation Pro197His is the basis of the target site resistance ofA. myosuroidesto sulfonylureas. There were no other mutations inalsgene of the biotype that might modify the level of resistance to these herbicides.
Impact of Trichoderma Isolates on the Mycelium Development of Wild Strains of Coprinus Comatus (Müll.) S.F. Gray
Authors: Frużyńska-Jóźwiak Dorota , Siwulski Marek , Sobieralski Krzysztof , Sas-Golak Iwona , Błaszczyk Lidia 
Published: April 2011

Impact ofTrichodermaIsolates on the Mycelium Development of Wild Strains ofCoprinus Comatus(Müll.) S.F. GrayThe impact of different isolates of three species of theTrichodermagenus on the development of wild strains ofCoprinus comatusmycelium was investigated. Nine strains ofC. comatusobtained from natural sites and one cultivated strain were used in the trail. The followingTrichodermaisolates were used:T. aggressivumf.europaeum,T. longibrachiatumandT. atroviride. It was found that isolates ofT. aggressivumf.europaeumreduced the development of theC. comatusmycelium to a much greater degree than isolates ofT. longibrachiatumandT. atroviride.
Development of Mutants of Coniothyrium Minitans with Improved Efficiency for Control of Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum
Authors: Melo Itamar , Moretini Alex , Cassiolato Ana , Faull Jane 
Published: April 2011

Development of Mutants ofConiothyrium Minitanswith Improved Efficiency for Control ofSclerotinia SclerotiorumConiothyrium minitans(CM) is hyperparasitic toSclerotinia sclerotiorum(SS), a pathogen of many economically important crops. In this paper, we describe the isolation of improved mutants of CM, using a UV - irradiation regime, with altered chitinase production and tolerance to high concentration of iprodione, which are effective against SS. Three out of the 59 mutants obtained inhibited the mycelial growth of CM. Infectivity of sclerotia by the new mutants was assayed by the plant-tissue-based system using carrot segments. More than 80% of sclerotia were colonized by the mutants and the wild-type CM. The mutant strains retained ability to produce significant amounts of chitinase. The mutants differed from their wild-type strain in appearance, morphology and sporulation. In conclusion, the results presented here provide evidence that the new biotypes ofC. minitansare effective in controllingS. sclerotiorum.
The variability of phosphorus fractions in sediments of a shallow, restored Antoninek Reservoir (Poznań, Poland)
Authors: Dondajewska Renata 
Published: April 2011

The variability of phosphorus fractions in sediments of a shallow, restored Antoninek Reservoir (Poznań, Poland)
Spatial and temporal variability of phosphorus (P) fractions content in bottom sediments of a shallow preliminary reservoir was studied in Antoninek, situated in Poznań. Fractions were analyzed at least once in a season (more often in spring and summer) between August 2004 and November 2005 according to the fractioning protocol proposed by Psenner et al. (1988). Circa 10 cm thick sediment layers were collected from three study sites, situated along the main axis of the reservoir. The contribution of NH4Cl-P and BD-P, i.e. the most accessible fractions biologically was similar at all stations (usually below 10%). The share of other fractions increased according to the sequence NaOH-RP < NaOH-NRP < HCl-P < Res-P. Only at station 1 the amount of phosphorus related to organic matter was lower than with aluminum. The domination of Res-P fraction indicated that the main part of phosphorus in sediment is biologically unavailable, therefore the intensity of phosphorus loading from sediments shall be low. However, high organic matter content, noted in sediments of Antoninek Reservoir, determined great amount of NaOH-NRP fraction. Both parameters remained under the influence of mats of macroalgae, growing intensively in the reservoir during vegetation season. The role of sediments as a source of phosphorus for water column enlarged, due to increased organic matter decomposition, especially in periods of high water temperature in this shallow reservoir.
Variability of bio-optical parameters in Lake Jasień Północny and Lake Jasień Południowy
Authors: Ficek Dariusz , Zapadka Tomasz 
Published: April 2011

Variability of bio-optical parameters in Lake Jasień Północny and Lake Jasień PołudniowyBio-optical properties of water in two lakes from the Bytow district, Jasień Południowy (JS) and Jasień Północny (JN), were measured between 2007 and 2010. These lakes were chosen as reference for research in the Regional Environment Monitoring System (Wojewódzki Program Monitoringu Środowiska) between 2007 and 2009. The research concerned mainly OSCs (Optically Significant Constituents) such as chlorophyla, SPM (Suspended Particulate Matter), CDOM (Colored Dissolved Organic Matter) and optical parameters of water (Secchi depthzSD, diffuse light attenuation coefficientKd, PAR). The aim of this article is to present temporal variability of OSC and optical properties in the investigated lakes as well as the relation between OSCs and the optical properties of water. The research has shown that the variability in the properties of water of these lakes is quite significant: concentration of chlorophylCChlvaried from 1.3 to 32.3 mg m-3and theKd, PARcoefficient from 0.42 to 1.05 m-1. The obtained results were compared with the same parameters from other lakes in this region. The variability in the optical properties depend on the season and the biological activity of phytoplankton. Regression analyses showed a high correlation of optical properties of water withCChlandCSPM, and no correlation with CDOM concentration. The highest determination coefficient was obtained for the optical parameters correlated with the three OSCs. The presented results show not only annual variability and variability between the years but also an influence of OSC elements on the optical properties of lakes.