bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Precipitation characteristics in the Three Gorges Dam vicinity
Authors: Xiao Chan , Yu Rucong , Fu Yunfei 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAfter the building of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD), the water level abruptly rose from 66 to 135 m in June 2003, and the land use characteristics changed significantly throughout the TGD region. More and more people are concerned with the effect of the TGD reservoir on climate. In this paper, the decadal variation of precipitation in the vicinity of the TGD was analysed using daily data from 27 rain gauges from 1960 to 2005. The empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of annual precipitation anomalies indicates a clear difference in spatial distribution, with an opposite signal for the change in precipitation in the northern and southern areas of the Yangtze River, i.e. precipitation increases in the northern area are accompanied with decreases in the southern area and vice versa. The similar dipole pattern of precipitation variation around the TGD also occurred before the TGD, for example, in the period from 1977 to 1984. Therefore, it has not been shown with reasonable significance that the similar dipole pattern of precipitation variation around the TGD has been affected by the TGD. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Synoptic influences on seasonal, interannual and decadal temperature variations in Melbourne, Australia
Authors: Nicholls Neville , Uotila Petteri , Alexander Lisa 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe technique of self‐organizing maps (SOMs) has been applied to daily mean sea level pressure (MSLP) reanalyses to derive 20 large‐scale synoptic patterns in the Australian region. The frequency of occurrence of each of these synoptic patterns has been calculated for each 3‐month season from 1979 to 2001. The effect of variations in the relative frequency of these synoptic patterns on maximum daily temperature in Melbourne, in the southeast of the country, has been examined. The effects of frequency variations on the mean summer‐winter temperature difference, on the variations in mean temperature from year‐to‐year and on the temperature trend 1979–2001 have all been examined. Changes in the frequency of occurrence of synoptic patterns between seasons have a measurable influence on the mean summer‐winter temperature difference. Variations in winter temperatures from year‐to‐year are closely related to the frequency of a few synoptic patterns, and changes in the frequency of these patterns have contributed to the observed temperature trends. Relationships between temperature and the frequency of synoptic patterns in summer are weaker than the case for winter. The implications are discussed. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Antioxidant and melanogenesis‐inhibitory activities of collagen peptide from jellyfish (Rhopilema esculentum)
Authors: Zhuang Yongliang , Sun Liping , Zhao Xue , Wang Jingfeng , Hou Hu , Li Bafang 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Jellyfish collagen was hydrolysed with trypsin and properase E, and jellyfish collagen peptide (JCP) was purified from the enzymatic hydrolysate using ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. The antioxidant activity of JCP in a linoleic acid emulsion system, its superoxide anion‐ and hydroxyl radical‐scavenging activities and its copper‐chelating ability were evaluated in vitro. Initial investigations of JCP's ability to inhibit melanogenesis were carried out using cultured B16 melanoma cells.RESULTS: The molecular weight distribution of JCP was from 400 to 1200 Da. Amino acid analysis showed that JCP was rich in Gly, Pro, Ser, Ala, Glu and Asp and had a total hydrophobic amino acid content of 384.2 g kg−1. JCP showed high antioxidant activity (IC50147.8 µg mL−1), superoxide anion‐scavenging activity (IC5021.9 µg mL−1), hydroxyl radical‐scavenging activity (IC5016.7 µg mL−1) and copper‐chelating ability (IC5088.7 µg mL−1) in vitro. It also significantly inhibited intracellular tyrosinase activity, decreased melanin content and enhanced glutathione synthesis (P < 0.05). Furthermore, JCP decreased intracellular cAMP levels and suppressed tyrosinase mRNA expression.CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, JCP exerts anti‐melanogenic actions via its antioxidant properties and copper‐chelating ability. JCP could be used as a natural skin‐lightening agent in the medicine and food industries. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Proteomic characterisation of subclover seed storage proteins during germination
Authors: Sahnoun‐Abid Imene , Recorbet Ghislaine , Zuber Hélène , Sommerer Nicolas , Centeno Delphine , Dumas‐Gaudot Eliane , Smiti‐Aschi Samira 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Early seedling development is a critical step in the establishment of subclover (Trifolium subterraneum), an economically important and widespread pasture legume. In this study the seed storage proteome of this non‐model species was characterised in mature dry seeds and during imbibition by using two‐dimensional electrophoresis coupled with tandem mass spectrometry.RESULTS: The phenol‐extracted proteome of subclover dry seeds consisted of 97 polypeptide spots displayed within a window of pI 3–10 and molecular mass 10–150 kDa. De novo sequencing coupled with MS BLAST search enabled the confident identification of 61 proteins, which corresponded to 59 7S vicilin‐ and two 11S legumin‐type globulins. The experimental mobility of vicilin isoforms along with peptide mapping indicated that low‐molecular‐mass polypeptides might account for the post‐translational proteolysis of small vicilin subunits according to the model described for those of pea. Analysis of quantitative changes in the seed storage proteome upon imbibition showed that vicilin catabolism according to a site‐specific process was favoured during early seedling growth in T. subterraneum.CONCLUSION: The establishment of a seed proteome map for T. subterraneum pointed to vicilins as dominant proteins in mature seeds whose catabolism features during early seedling growth may be of relevance under environmental conditions. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
The correlation between nasal symptom and mucociliary clearance in Allergic rhinitis
Authors: Kirtsreesakul Virat , Somjareonwattana Pornpanitan , Ruttanaphol Suwalee 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjective/Hypothesis:The Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) classification of allergic rhinitis (AR) is based on the severity and duration of nasal symptoms. Whether the nasal symptoms actually represent underlying nasal inflammation is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between nasal symptoms and nasal inflammation using mucociliary clearance time (MCCT) in AR.Study Design:A prospective cross‐sectional study.Methods:73 AR patients were classified according to ARIA class: mild or moderate‐severe intermittent AR (MIAR or MSIAR) and mild or moderate‐severe persistent AR (MPAR or MSPAR). Each nasal symptom was scored as 1 to 3 on a severity scale (mild‐moderate‐severe). The sum of the individual nasal symptom scores gave the total symptoms score (TSS). MCCT was determined with the charcoal‐saccharin method. MCCTs between ARIA classes were compared and correlations between TSS or days with symptoms per week (DSW) and MCCT were analyzed.Results:Of the patients, 67.1% were moderate‐severe degree. MSPAR had the worst MCCT, followed by MSIAR, MPAR, and MIAR (mean MCCTs of 14.32, 13.87, 11.94, and 10.28 minutes, respectively). TSS was well correlated with MCCT (P = .538, P < .001). DSW was also correlated with MCCT, but did not reach statistical significance (r = 0.217, P = .065). The mean MCCT of overall nasal symptoms increased along with each score step and a significant difference was noted between scores 2 and 3 (P < .001).Conclusions:A high percentage of moderate‐severe disease and a significant correlation of the severity and MCCTs suggest an important heterogeneity in this disease severity group. Discriminating between moderate and severe rhinitis should help to obtain homogeneous populations and develop improved disease management strategies. Laryngoscope, 2009
Should all newborns who undergo patent ductus arteriosus ligation be examined for vocal fold mobility?
Authors: Smith Marshall E. , King Jerald D. , Elsherif Abdelaziz , Muntz Harlan R. , Park Albert H. , Kouretas Peter C. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To determine the incidence of left vocal fold paralysis (LVFP) in premature infants who undergo patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) ligation.Study Design:Prospective cohort.Methods:The study was carried out in the newborn intensive care unit (NICU) of a tertiary academic medical center. Eighty‐six premature newborns who underwent ligation of a PDA were examined postextubation with fiberoptic laryngoscopy to assess vocal fold mobility, regardless of laryngeal symptom status.Results:Fourteen infants (16%) had LVFP. All were <28 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA) at birth and <1,250 g at PDA ligation, and were significantly less mature and smaller than infants without LVFP. Infants <28 weeks PMA at birth and <1,250 g at ligation had an incidence of LVFP of 23% and 24%, respectively. Fourteen percent of the infants with LVFP did not have laryngeal symptoms and would have been missed had these been the sole criteria for assessing vocal fold mobility.Conclusions:The incidence of LVFP after PDA ligation in the NICU is high, and some cases may be missed if laryngoscopy is performed only when laryngeal symptoms are present. Infants <28 weeks PMA at birth and <1,250 g at ligation are at especially high risk. Vocal fold mobility should be documented by laryngoscopy on all high‐risk infants undergoing a PDA ligation in the NICU regardless of laryngeal symptom status, and on all infants with relevant symptoms. The high incidence of this complication warrants greater efforts to prospectively assess vocal fold mobility status in high‐risk infants who undergo PDA ligation. Laryngoscope, 2009
Comparison of outcomes and complications between awake and asleep injection laryngoplasty: A Case‐Control Study
Authors: Mathison Clyde C. , Villari Craig R. , Klein Adam M. , Johns Michael M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To compare clinical outcomes and complication rates in patients undergoing injection laryngoplasty (IL) under local versus general anesthesia.Study Design:Retrospective case‐control reviewMethods:Charts of 141 consecutive patients undergoing IL were reviewed. Subjects who underwent IL with local anesthesia were grouped as experimental cases. Subjects who underwent IL with general anesthesia were grouped as controls. The voice‐related quality of life (VRQOL) measure was employed to determine outcomes before and after IL. All undesirable events resulting from an IL were recorded as complications.Results:One hundred sixty‐six ILs were performed in 141 patients (83 males, mean age = 58.9 years). Unilateral vocal fold immobility was diagnosed in 60.9%. One hundred five (63.3%) ILs were performed under local anesthesia, and 61 were performed under general anesthesia. Pre‐ and postinjection VRQOL data was available for 78 ILs (50 cases, 28 controls). Average VRQOL in the awake patient improved by 25.05 points, whereas average VRQOL in the asleep patient improved by 20.81 points (P = .42). There were 24 complications (14.5% of all injections), which included 19.1% of cases and 6.6% of controls (odds ratio = 2.9). Six ILs had to be aborted. All complications were minor and self‐limited.Conclusions:Both awake and asleep IL offer comparable VRQOL results. Although having the benefit of avoiding general anesthesia, IL in the awake patient has a slightly higher complication rate. Laryngoscope, 2009
Chondromyxoid fibroma of the mastoid facial nerve canal mimicking a facial nerve schwannoma
Authors: Thompson Andrew L. , Bharatha Aditya , Aviv Richard I. , Nedzelski Julian , Chen Joseph , Bilbao Juan M. , Wong John , Saad Reda , Symons Sean P. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractChondromyxoid fibroma of the skull base is a rare entity. Involvement of the temporal bone is particularly rare. We present an unusual case of progressive facial nerve paralysis with imaging and clinical findings most suggestive of a facial nerve schwannoma. The lesion was tubular in appearance, expanded the mastoid facial nerve canal, protruded out of the stylomastoid foramen, and enhanced homogeneously. The only unusual imaging feature was minor calcification within the tumor. Surgery revealed an irregular, cystic lesion. Pathology diagnosed a chondromyxoid fibroma involving the mastoid portion of the facial nerve canal, destroying the facial nerve. Laryngoscope, 2009
Cochlear implantation in the very young child: Long‐term safety and efficacy
Authors: Roland J. Thomas , Cosetti Maura , Wang Kevin H. , Immerman Sara , Waltzman Susan B. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Widespread universal newborn hearing screening has led to increased identification of infant hearing loss. Supported by improved diagnostic tools allowing more definitive diagnosis of profound sensorineural hearing loss in young children, cochlear implantation in children <12 months of age is now common. Literature supports short‐term safety and improved auditory outcomes in these young children, however long‐term data is lacking. The study examines issues of long‐term safety and efficacy in cochlear implant patients implanted <1 year of age.Study Design:Retrospective chart review.Methods:Fifty children who received cochlear implants before 1 year of age were followed for up to 7 years. Age at implantation ranged from 5 to 11 months with a mean of 9.1 months. Three patients had simultaneous bilateral implantation at 8 to 9 months of age. Medical records were reviewed for complications incurred during length of device usage, including time of complication, management, and resolution. Auditory assessment included both the Infant‐Toddler Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale and tests of speech perception.Results:All 50 patients had full insertions of the electrode array. There were a total of eight complications (16%) in seven patients, three major (6%) and five minor (10%), which occurred at or before 10 months postoperatively. There were no perioperative anesthetic complications.Conclusions:Cochlear implantation in children <12 months of age is safe and efficacious over an extended period of time. Rates and nature of both major and minor complications are comparable to studies in adults and older children and support continued monitoring of these patients over the long‐term. Laryngoscope, 2009
Evaluation of voice prosthesis placement at the time of primary tracheoesophageal puncture with total laryngectomy
Authors: Deschler Daniel G. , Bunting Glenn W. , Lin Derrick T. , Emerick Kevin , Rocco James 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Primary tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP) is a well‐described and accepted method of surgical voice restoration and is standardly completed with a catheter placement intraoperatively, which is replaced with a prosthesis at a later date. This study evaluates the intraoperative placement of the voice prosthesis at the time of the primary TEP in an effort to understand the potential advantages and disadvantages of voice prosthesis placement at the time of primary TEP completed in conjunction with total laryngectomy.Study Design:Retrospective chart review within an academic medical center.Methods:After approval by the institutional review board of the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, a retrospective chart review was completed of all cases of primary tracheoesophageal prosthesis placement completed in conjunction with primary tracheoesophageal puncture performed at the time of total laryngectomy.Results:Thirty patients were identified, 29 of whom underwent laryngectomy for advanced laryngeal carcinoma. Twenty‐eight of 29 patients received preoperative full‐dose radiation therapy. Twenty‐nine of 30 patients had a 20F classic Indwelling Blom‐Singer prosthesis (InHealth Technologies, Carpinteria, CA) placed. One had placement of 16F Indwelling Blom‐Singer prosthesis. No complications were noted with intraoperative prosthesis placement. No prostheses were dislodged in the postoperative period. Twenty‐nine of 30 subjects had initial success with tracheoesophageal voice production. At 1‐year follow‐up, 23/30 subjects (77%) had successful voice restoration. Five failed because of recurrent disease, one subject never achieved successful voice, and one subject wanted the prosthesis removed although successful voice was achieved. Twenty‐three of 25 (92%) disease‐free subjects had functional voice restoration at 1‐year post‐total laryngectomy and primary prosthesis placement.Conclusions:This study demonstrates that the voice prosthesis can be safely and effectively placed intraoperatively at the time of primary TEP and laryngectomy. Initial voice acquisition rates were high and long‐term success was well within the acceptable range. Laryngoscope, 2009
Radiation therapy for minor salivary gland carcinoma
Authors: Cianchetti Marco , Sandow Pamela S. , Scarborough Lauren D. , Morris Christopher G. , Kirwan Jessica , Werning John W. , Mendenhall William M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To analyze the outcomes of patients treated for minor salivary gland carcinoma with radiotherapy (RT), either alone or combined with surgery.Study Design:Retrospective review.Methods:Between September 1966 and December 2006, 140 patients were treated with curative intent at our institution for previously untreated minor salivary gland carcinomas (RT alone, 64 patients; combined RT and surgery, 76 patients). Median follow‐up for all patients was 5.5 years.Results:The 10‐year local control rate was 66%, and multivariate analysis revealed that treatment group (P= .0004) and T stage (P= .0001) significantly influenced this endpoint. Patients treated with RT alone had a lower local control rate than patients treated with RT and surgery. The 10‐year local‐regional control rate was 61%, and multivariate analysis revealed that treatment group (P= .0174), overall stage (P= .0004), and N stage (P= .0492) significantly influenced this endpoint. The 10‐year distant metastasis‐free survival rate was 67%, and multivariate analysis revealed that overall stage (P= .0016) significantly influenced this endpoint. The 10‐year cause‐specific survival rate was 56%, and multivariate analysis revealed that overall stage (P< .0001) significantly influenced this endpoint. The 10‐year overall survival rate was 45%, and multivariate analysis revealed that overall stage (P= .0047), N stage (P= .0173), and nerve invasion (P= .0409) significantly influenced this endpoint.Conclusions:Most patients with minor salivary gland carcinoma were cured with RT alone or combined with surgery. Treatment group, T stage, and overall stage significantly influenced the probability of cure. Patients treated with combined surgery and RT had a better prognosis, perhaps due in part to selection bias. Laryngoscope, 2009
CT virtual sialendoscopy versus conventional sialendoscopy in the visualization of salivary ductal lumen: An in vitro study
Authors: Su Yu‐xiong , Feng Shi‐ting , Liao Gui‐qing , Zhong Yun‐qi , Liu Hai‐chao , Zheng Guang‐sen 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To evaluate the feasibility of computed tomographic (CT) virtual sialendoscopy and its performance characteristics for the visualization of salivary ductal lumen as compared with conventional sialendoscopy.Study Design:An in vitro study.Methods:Conventional sialendoscopy was performed in 16 submandibular glands in vitro and the surgical findings were recorded. Then a contrast agent was injected into the Wharton's duct via orifice. After CT scanning, the CT data were transferred to an independent workstation and were postprocessed with commercially available software to generate three‐dimensional reconstructive and virtual sialendoscopic images. Finally, the plastination of submandibular glands was performed with 20% perchloroethylene ethyl acetate plastics filler to make cast specimens. CT three‐dimensional reconstruction of the ductal system was compared with the cast specimen, and the performance of conventional sialendoscopy and CT virtual sialendoscopy for the visualization of salivary ductal lumen was also compared.Results:The CT data acquisition and postprocessing protocol were feasible. CT three‐dimensional reconstruction enabled clear visualization of the ductal system from any directions and angles, which showed close resemblance to the cast specimens. And CT virtual sialendoscopy created clear endoluminal views of salivary ducts simulating those obtained with conventional sialendoscopy.Conclusions:Our initial experience shows that CT virtual sialendoscopy has the potential to be an attractive imaging technique for the visualization of salivary ductal lumen. Laryngoscope, 2009
CD44 variant isoforms in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma progression
Authors: Wang Steven J. , Wong Gabriel , de Heer Anne‐Martine , Xia Weiliang , Bourguignon Lilly Y.W. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:The CD44 family of receptors includes multiple variant isoforms, several of which have been linked to malignant properties including migration, invasion, and metastasis. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of the CD44 v3, v6, and v10 variant isoforms in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tumor progression behaviors.Study Design:Laboratory study involving cell cultures and clinical tissue specimens.Methods:Analysis of the expression of standard CD44s and the CD44 variant isoforms v3, v6, and v10 was carried out in the HNSCC cell line, HSC‐3. The role of CD44 isoforms in migration, proliferation, and cisplatin resistance was determined. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on clinical tissue specimens obtained from a series of 82 HNSCC patients. The expression of standard CD44s and the CD44 v3, v6, and v10 variants in primary tumor specimens (n = 82) and metastatic cervical lymph nodes (n = 24) were analyzed with respect to various clinicopathologic variables.Results:HSC‐3 cells express at least four CD44 isoforms, and these CD44 isoforms mediate migration, proliferation, and cisplatin sensitivity. Compared with primary tumors, a greater proportion of metastatic lymph nodes demonstrated strong expression of CD44 v3 (lymph node 14/24 vs. primary tumor 38/82), CD44 v6 (lymph node 18/24 vs. primary tumor 26/82), and CD44 v10 (lymph node 14/24 vs. primary tumor 16/82), while expression of standard CD44 was not significantly different in metastatic lymph nodes and primary tumors (lymph node 10/24 vs. primary tumor 60/82). Expression of CD44 variant isoforms were associated with advanced T stage (v3 and v6), regional (v3) and distant (v10) metastasis, perineural invasion (v6), and radiation failure (v10). CD44 v6 and CD44 v10 were also significantly associated with shorter disease‐free survival.Conclusions:CD44 isoforms mediate migration, proliferation, and cisplatin sensitivity in HNSCC. Furthermore, expression of certain CD44 variants may be important molecular markers for HNSCC progression and should be investigated as potential therapeutic targets for therapy. Laryngoscope, 2009