bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robotic movement preferentially engages the action observation network
Authors: Cross Emily S. , Liepelt Roman , de C. Hamilton Antonia F. , Parkinson Jim , Ramsey Richard , Stadler Waltraud , Prinz Wolfgang 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAs humans, we gather a wide range of information about other people from watching them move. A network of parietal, premotor, and occipitotemporal regions within the human brain, termed the action observation network (AON), has been implicated in understanding others' actions by means of an automatic matching process that links observed and performed actions. Current views of the AON assume a matching process biased towards familiar actions; specifically, those performed by conspecifics and present in the observer's motor repertoire. In this study, we test how this network responds to form and motion cues when observing natural human motion compared to rigid robotic‐like motion across two independent functional neuroimaging experiments. In Experiment 1, we report the surprising finding that premotor, parietal, occipitotemporal regions respond more robustly to rigid, robot‐like motion than natural human motion. In Experiment 2, we replicate and extend this finding by demonstrating that the same pattern of results emerges whether the agent is a human or a robot, which suggests the preferential response to robot‐like motion is independent of the agent's form. These data challenge previous ideas about AON function by demonstrating that the core nodes of this network can be flexibly engaged by novel, unfamiliar actions performed by both human and non‐human agents. As such, these findings suggest that the AON is sensitive to a broader range of action features beyond those that are simply familiar. Hum Brain Mapp 33:2238–2254, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Various approaches to a human preference analysis in a digital signage display design
Authors: Grobelny Jerzy , Michalski Rafał 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis article is concerned with various ways of analyzing the subjective assessment of displaying digital signage content. In the beginning, the brief description of the signage system evolution is described; next, the carried out experiment is depicted. The preferences of the 32 subjects were obtained using pairwise comparisons of the designed screen formats. Then the priorities were derived by applying the Analytic Hierarchy Process framework. The gathered data were modeled and analyzed by means of the analysis of variance, multiple regression, and conjoint and factor analyses. The results suggest that the application of different methods of preference analysis may provide additional information that could facilitate more in‐depth understanding of the given preference structure. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CD109‐mediated degradation of TGF‐β receptors and inhibition of TGF‐β responses involve regulation of SMAD7 and Smurf2 localization and function
Authors: Bizet Albane A. , Tran‐Khanh Nicolas , Saksena Anshuman , Liu Kai , Buschmann Michael D. , Philip Anie 
Published: September 2011

AbstractTransforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) is a multifunctional cytokine that regulates a wide variety of cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation, and extracellular matrix deposition. Dysregulation of TGF‐β signaling is associated with several diseases such as cancer and tissue fibrosis. TGF‐β signals through two transmembrane proteins known as the type I (TGFBR1) and type II (TGFBR2) receptors. The levels of these receptors at the cell surface are tightly regulated by several mechanisms, including degradation following recruitment of the E3 ubiquitin ligase SMAD ubiquitination regulatory factor (Smurf) 2 by SMAD7. In addition, TGF‐β co‐receptors can modulate TGF‐β signaling receptor activity in a cell‐specific manner. We have previously identified a novel TGF‐β co‐receptor, CD109, a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI)‐anchored protein that negatively regulates TGF‐β signaling. Despite CD109's potential relevance as a regulator of TGF‐β action in vivo, the mechanisms by which CD109 regulates TGF‐β signaling are still incompletely understood. Previously, we have shown that CD109 downregulates TGF‐β signaling by promoting TGF‐β receptor localization into the lipid raft/caveolae compartment and by enhancing TGF‐β receptor degradation. Here, we demonstrate that CD109 enhances SMAD7/Smurf2‐mediated degradation of TGFBR1 in a ligand‐dependent manner. Moreover, we show that CD109 regulates the localization and the association of SMAD7/Smurf2 with TGFBR1. Finally, we demonstrate that CD109's inhibitory effect on TGF‐β signaling and responses require SMAD7 expression and Smurf2 ubiquitin ligase activity. Taken together, these results suggest that CD109 is an important regulator of SMAD7/Smurf2‐mediated degradation of TGFBR1. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 238–246, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Osteoblastogenesis and osteoprotection enhanced by flavonolignan silibinin in osteoblasts and osteoclasts
Authors: Kim Jung‐Lye , Kang Sang‐Wook , Kang Min‐Kyung , Gong Ju‐Hyun , Lee Eun‐Sook , Han Seoung Jun , Kang Young‐Hee 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBone‐remodeling imbalance induced by decreased osteoblastogenesis and increased bone resorption is known to cause skeletal diseases such as osteoporosis. Silibinin is the major active constituent of silymarin, the mixture of flavonolignans extracted from blessed milk thistle (Silybum marianum). Numerous studies suggest that silibinin is a powerful antioxidant and has anti‐hepatotoxic properties and anti‐cancer effects against carcinoma cells. This study investigated that silibinin had bone‐forming and osteoprotective effects in in vitro cell systems of murine osteoblastic MC3T3‐E1 cells and RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. MC3T3‐E1 cells were incubated in osteogenic media in the presence of 1–20 µM silibinin up to 15 days. Silibinin accelerated cell proliferation and promoted matrix mineralization by enhancing bone nodule formation by calcium deposits. In addition, silibinin furthered the induction of osteoblastogenic biomarkers of alkaline phosphatase, collagen type 1, connective tissue growth factor, and bone morphogenetic protein‐2. Differentiated MC3T3‐E1 cells enhanced secretion of receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL) essential for osteoclastogenesis, which was reversed by silibinin. On the other hand, RAW 264.7 cells were pre‐incubated with 1–20 µM silibinin for 5 days in the presence of RANKL. Non‐toxic silibinin markedly attenuated RANK transcription and intracellular adhesion molecule‐1 expression elevated by RANKL, thereby suppressing the differentiation of macrophages to multi‐nucleated osteoclasts. It was also found that silibinin retarded tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase and cathepsin K induction and matrix metalloproteinase‐9 activity elevated by RANKL through disturbing TRAF6‐c‐Src signaling pathways. These results demonstrate that silibinin was a potential therapeutic agent promoting bone‐forming osteoblastogenesis and encumbering osteoclastic bone resorption. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 247–259, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
T cell‐mediated increased osteoclast formation from peripheral blood as a mechanism for crohn's disease‐associated bone loss
Authors: Oostlander Angela E. , Everts Vincent , Schoenmaker Ton , Bravenboer Nathalie , van Vliet Sandra J. , van Bodegraven Ad A. , Lips Paul , de Vries Teun J. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe pathophysiology of osteoporosis in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) is still not completely elucidated. In this study, we evaluated osteoclastogenesis from peripheral blood cells of CD patients and studied the role of lymphocytes and inflammatory cytokines in this process. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from seven patients with quiescent CD and matched healthy controls were isolated, and separated into T cells, B cells, and a T‐ and B‐cell depleted fraction. In various culture combinations, osteoclast formation in the absence of the osteoclastogenic factors RANKL and M‐CSF was assessed by scoring the number of tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) positive multinucleated cells (MNCs). Cytokine levels in culture supernatants were measured. Formation of heterogeneous cell clusters in culture was noticed; a process that was inhibited by anti‐LFA‐1. In CD cultures, mean cluster area was up to threefold higher than in control cultures, and shown to be induced by T cells. Over tenfold higher numbers of TRACP+ MNCs were found in CD cultures, but exclusively in cultures containing T cells. Formation of cell clusters correlated strongly with formation of TRACP+ MNCs. Both cell cluster formation and osteoclast formation were related to IL‐17 levels in vitro. In conclusion, osteoclastogenesis, preceded by cell cluster formation, is T cell‐mediated and increased in patients with quiescent CD. Our findings suggest heterotypic interactions between osteoclast precursors and T cells to be a triggering step in osteoclast formation in CD. Furthermore, our results propose a possible role for IL‐17 in osteoclastogenesis in CD patients, and as such in CD‐associated bone loss. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 260–268, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
IFNβ impairs extracellular matrix formation leading to inhibition of mineralization by effects in the early stage of human osteoblast differentiation
Authors: Woeckel V.J. , Eijken M. , van de Peppel J. , Chiba H. , van der Eerden B.C.J. , van Leeuwen J.P.T.M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractOsteoimmunology is an emerging field of research focused on the interaction of the immune system and bone. In this study we demonstrate that human osteoblasts are sensitive to the immune cytokine interferon (IFN)β. Osteoblasts respond to IFNβ as shown by the induction of several known IFN target genes such as interferon‐induced (IFI) proteins (IFIT1, IFI44L), interferon‐stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3) complex and the induction of IFNβ itself. We demonstrated that IFNβ has severe inhibitory effects on mineralization of osteoblast‐derived extracellular matrix (ECM). Analysis of the timing of the IFNβ effects revealed that committed osteoblasts in early stage of differentiation are most sensitive to IFNβ inhibition of mineralization. A single IFNβ treatment was as effective as multiple treatments. During the progress of differentiation osteoblasts become desensitized for IFNβ. This pinpoints to a complex pattern of IFNβ sensitivity in osteoblasts. Focusing on early osteoblasts, we showed that IFNβ decreased gene expression of ECM‐related genes, such as type I Collagen (COL1A1), fibronectin (FN1), fibullin (FBLN1), fibrillin (FBN2), and laminin (LAMA1). Additionally, ECM produced by IFNβ‐treated osteoblasts contained less collagen protein. IFNβ stimulated gene expression of osteopontin (OPN), annexin2 (ANXA2), and hyaluronan synthase 1 (HAS1), which are important factors in the adhesion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in the HSC niche. In conclusion, IFNβ directly modifies human osteoblast function by inhibiting ECM synthesis eventually resulting in delayed bone formation and mineralization and induces a HSC niche supporting phenotype. These effects are highly dependent on timing of treatment in the early phase of osteoblast differentiation. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 2668–2676, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
RhoA/ROCK, cytoskeletal dynamics, and focal adhesion kinase are required for mechanical stretch‐induced tenogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Xu Baiyao , Song Guanbin , Ju Yang , Li Xian , Song Yuanhui , Watanabe Sachi 
Published: September 2011

AbstractHuman bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have the potential to differentiate into tendon/ligament‐like lineages when they are subjected to mechanical stretching. However, the means through which mechanical stretch regulates the tenogenic differentiation of hMSCs remains unclear. This study examined the role of RhoA/ROCK, cytoskeletal organization, and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in mechanical stretch‐induced tenogenic differentiation characterized by the up‐regulation of tendon‐related marker gene expression. Our findings showed that RhoA/ROCK and FAK regulated mechanical stretch‐induced realignment of hMSCs by regulating cytoskeletal organization and that RhoA/ROCK and cytoskeletal organization were essential to mechanical stretch‐activated FAK phosphorylation at Tyr397. We also demonstrated that this process can be blocked by Y‐27632 (a specific inhibitor of RhoA/ROCK), cytochalasin D (an inhibitor of cytoskeletal organization) or PF 573228 (a specific inhibitor of FAK). The results of this study suggest that RhoA/ROCK, cytoskeletal organization, and FAK compose a “signaling network” that senses mechanical stretching and drives mechanical stretch‐induced tenogenic differentiation of hMSCs. This work provides novel insights regarding the mechanisms of tenogenesis in a stretch‐induced environment and supports the therapeutic potential of hMSCs. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 2722–2729, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of pre‐treatments on the biosorption of Chromium (VI) ions by the dead biomass of Rhizopus arrhizus
Authors: Shroff Kshama A. , Vaidya Varsha K. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: This work fulfils the need to develop an eco‐friendly biosorbent, elucidating the mechanism of biosorption. Removal of Cr(VI) by Rhizopus arrhizus was investigated in batch mode. Enhancement in the performance of the biosorbent was attempted by pre‐treating the biomass with inorganic and organic acids, chelating agent, cross‐linker and an organic solvent followed by autoclaving. The surface characterization of the biomass was carried out by potentiometric titration, surface area analysis, infrared spectroscopy, chemical modification of the biomass and scanning electron microscopy.RESULTS: All the physico‐chemical treatments of the biosorbent improved Cr(VI) uptake compared with the native biomass (21.72 mg g−1). The highest biosorption capacity (31.52 mg g−1) was achieved after pre‐treating the biomass with 0.5 mol L−1 HNO3 followed by autoclaving. Surface characterization of the biomass using pHzpc, potentiometry and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis revealed the role of amino and carboxyl groups in Cr(VI) removal by electrostatic attraction. Chemical modification of amino and carboxyl groups significantly decreased Cr(VI) uptake capacity confirming their role in biosorption. SEM analysis showed adsorption of Cr(VI) on the biosorbent surface.CONCLUSION: Rhizopus arrhizus biomass proved to be an effective and low cost alternative biosorbent for removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Aerobic dive limit does not decline in an aging pinniped
Authors: Hindle Allyson G. , Mellish Jo‐Ann E. , Horning Markus 
Published: September 2011

AbstractApneustic hunters such as diving mammals exploit body oxygen stores while submerged; therefore, any decline in oxygen handling at advanced life stages could critically impair foraging ability. We calculated the aerobic dive limit (cADL = 17.9 ± 4.4 min SD) from blood and muscle oxygen stores and published metabolic rates of Weddell seals within (9–16 years, n = 24) and beyond peak‐reproductive age (17–27 years, n = 26), to investigate (1) senescent constraints in apneustic hunting, and (2) whether mass or age primarily determines oxygen stores and ADL in older seals. We compared cADL with behavioral ADL from 5,275 free‐ranging dives (bADL = 24.0 ± 5.3 min, n = 18 females). We observed no changes in Weddell seal oxygen stores, its determinants, or in ADLs late in life. Oxygen stores were better predicted by mass than age, consistent with published findings for young adults. Hematological panels (n = 6) were consistent across mass and age, though hematocrit (females>males, 6% elevation) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin content (females<males, 8% reduction) varied by sex. Whole blood viscosity was decreased with increasing mass in females and was higher than in males overall (+18%). This was largely due to elevated hematocrit in females, although plasma viscosity also varied under some conditions. Females had higher blood volume and elevated blood oxygen stores (vol% body mass), which did not translate into significantly higher cADL (18.1 vs. 17.1 min for males). Neither cADL nor bADL were mass‐ or age‐dependent. J. Exp. Zool. 315:544–552, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
B lymphocytes as effector cells in the immunotherapy of cancer
Authors: Namm Jukes P. , Li Qiao , Lao Xiangming , Lubman David M. , He Jintang , Liu Yashu , Zhu Jianhui , Wei Shuang , Chang Alfred E. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractOver the years, the role of B cells in the host immune response to malignancy has been overshadowed by our focus on T cells. Nevertheless, B cells play important roles as antigen‐presenting cells and in the production of antibodies. Furthermore, B cells can function as effector cells that mediate tumor destruction on their own. This review will highlight the various functions of B cells that are involved in the host response to tumor. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012;105:431–435. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Peritraumatic and trait dissociation differentiate police officers with resilient versus symptomatic trajectories of posttraumatic stress symptoms
Authors: Galatzer‐Levy Isaac R. , Madan Anita , Neylan Thomas C. , Henn‐Haase Clare , Marmar Charles R. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractResearch has consistently demonstrated that stress reactions to potentially traumatic events do not represent a unified phenomenon. Instead, individuals tend to cluster into prototypical response patterns over time including chronic symptoms, recovery, and resilience. We examined heterogeneity in a posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom course in a sample of 178 active‐duty police officers following exposure to a life‐threatening event using latent growth mixture modeling (LGMM). This analysis revealed 3 discrete PTSD symptom trajectories: resilient (88%), distressed–improving (10%), and distressed–worsening (2%). We further examined whether trait and peritraumatic dissociation distinguished these symptom trajectories. Findings indicate that trait and peritraumatic dissociation differentiated the resilient from the distressed–improving trajectory (trait, p < .05; peritraumatic, p < .001), but only peritraumatic dissociation differentiated the resilient from the distressed–worsening trajectory (p < .001). It is essential to explore heterogeneity in symptom course and its predictors among active‐duty police officers, a repeatedly exposed group. These findings suggest that police officers may be a highly resilient group overall. Furthermore, though there is abundant evidence that dissociation has a positive linear relationship with PTSD symptoms, this study demonstrates that degree of dissociation can distinguish between resilient and symptomatic groups of individuals.
Medialization versus reinnervation for unilateral vocal fold paralysis: A multicenter randomized clinical trial
Authors: Paniello Randal C. , Edgar Julia D. , Kallogjeri Dorina , Piccirillo Jay F. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPurpose:Vocal fold medialization laryngoplasty (ML) and laryngeal reinnervation (LR) as treatments for unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) were compared in a multicenter, prospective, randomized clinical trial.Methods:Previously untreated patients with UVFP were randomized to undergo either ML or LR. Voice results were compared pretreatment and at 6 and 12 months posttreatment using perceptual ratings by untrained listeners (RUL), blinded speech pathologist GRBAS scores, and voice‐related quality of life (VRQOL) scores. Other secondary data included maximum phonation time (MPT), cepstral analysis, and electromyography (EMG) findings.Results:Twenty‐four patients from nine sites completed the study, 12 in each group. There were no significant intergroup differences in pretreatment variables. At 12 months, both study groups showed significant improvement in RUL, total GRBAS (grade, roughness, breathiness, asthenia, and strain) scores, and VRQOL scores, but no significant differences were found between the two groups. However, patient age significantly affected the LR, but not the ML, group results. The age less than 52 LR subgroup had significantly (P < .05) better scores than the age more than 52 LR subgroup, and had better RUL and GRBAS scores than the age less than 52 ML subgroup. The age more than 52 ML subgroup results were significantly better than the age more than 52 LR subgroup. The secondary data generally followed the primary data, except that the MPTs for the ML patients were significantly longer than for the LR patients.Conclusions:ML and LR are both effective surgical options for patients with UVFP. Laryngeal reinnervation should be considered in younger patients, whereas medialization laryngoplasty should be favored in older patients.
Cochlear implantation has a positive influence on quality of life, tinnitus, and psychological comorbidity
Authors: Olze Heidi , Szczepek Agnieszka J. , Haupt Heidemarie , Förster Ulrike , Zirke Nina , Gräbel Stefan , Mazurek Birgit 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectives:To determine the effect of cochlear implantation (CI) on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL), tinnitus, and psychological comorbidity in patients with severe to profound postlingual hearing loss and to analyze the relationship between these parameters.Study Design:Prospective study.Methods:Using six validated questionnaires, we evaluated the pre‐CI and post‐CI scores of HRQoL, tinnitus, perceived stress, symptoms of depression and anxiety, and coping strategies in 43 patients implanted unilaterally with a multichannel implant for at least 6 months.Results:In addition to improvements in hearing, speech understanding, and disease‐specific HRQoL, psychological comorbidity was reduced and coping strategies were improved following CI. In the 39 tinnitus patients, their tinnitus was reduced. We found negative correlations between HRQoL and stress, depression, and anxiety. Pre‐CI, tinnitus severity did not correlate with HRQoL and psychological comorbidity. However, patients with a high‐level tinnitus had lower HRQoL as well as a higher level of perceived stress and anxiety symptoms than patients with a low‐level tinnitus and no/incidental tinnitus before CI. Moreover, patients with severe hearing loss had a higher level of perceived symptoms of stress and depression than patients with profound hearing loss before CI.Conclusions:The present study provides evidence that tinnitus and psychological comorbidity may play an important role in the rehabilitation of CI patients, and that there is a correlation between HRQoL and these parameters. In addition to hearing tests, tinnitus, stress, and psychological comorbidity should be assessed using validated questionnaires before and after CI. This will help to improve the rehabilitation process.