bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arachidonic acid supplementation during gestational, lactational and post-weaning periods prevents retinal degeneration induced in a rodent model
Authors: Yoshizawa Katsuhiko , Sasaki Tomo , Kuro Maki , Uehara Norihisa , Takada Hideho , Harauma Akiko , Ohara Naoki , Moriguchi Toru , Tsubura Airo 
Published: August 2012

Fatty acids and their derivatives play a role in the response to retinal injury. The effects of dietary arachidonic acid (AA) supplementation onN-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced retinal degeneration was investigated in young Lewis rats during the gestational, lactational and post-weaning periods. Dams were fed 0·1, 0·5 or 2·0 % AA diets or a basal ( < 0·01 % AA) diet. On postnatal day 21 (at weaning), male pups received a single intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg MNU/kg or vehicle, and were fed the same diet as their mother for 7 d. Retinal apoptosis was analysed by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP digoxigenin nick-end labelling (TUNEL) assay 24 h after the MNU treatment, and retinal morphology was examined 7 d post-MNU. Histologically, all rats that received MNU and were fed the basal and 0·1 % AA diets developed retinal degeneration characterised by the loss of photoreceptor cells (disappearance of the outer nuclear layer and the photoreceptor layer) in the central retina. The 0·5 and 2·0 % AA diets rescued rats from retinal damage. Morphometrically, in parallel with the AA dose (0·5 and 2·0 % AA), the photoreceptor ratio significantly increased and the retinal damage ratio decreased in the central retina, compared with the corresponding ratios in basal diet-fed rats. In parallel with the increase in serum and retinal AA levels and the AA:DHA ratio, the apoptotic index in the central retina was dose-dependently decreased in rats fed the 0·5 and 2·0 % AA diets. In conclusion, an AA-rich diet during the gestation, lactation and post-weaning periods rescued young Lewis rats from MNU-induced retinal degeneration via the inhibition of photoreceptor apoptosis. Therefore, an AA-enriched diet in the prenatal and postnatal periods may be an important strategy to suppress the degree of photoreceptor injury in humans.
ALGEBRAIC CONVERGENCE THEOREMS OF COMPLEX KLEINIAN GROUPS
Authors: CAO WENSHENG 
Published: August 2012

AbstractLet {Gr,i} be a sequence of r-generator subgroups ofU(1,n; ℂ) andGrbe its algebraic limit group. In this paper, two algebraic convergence theorems concerning {Gr,i} andGrare obtained. Our results are generalisations of their counterparts in the n-dimensional sense-preserving Möbius group.
G-GRAPHS AND SPECIAL REPRESENTATIONS FOR BINARY DIHEDRAL GROUPS IN GL(2,ℂ)
Authors: DE CELIS ALVARO NOLLA 
Published: August 2012

AbstractGiven a finite subgroup G⊂GL(2,ℂ), it is known that the minimal resolution of singularity ℂ2/G is the moduli space Y=G-Hilb(ℂ2) of G-clusters ⊂ℂ2. The explicit description of Y can be obtained by calculating every possible distinguished basis for as vector spaces. These basis are the so-called G-graphs. In this paper we classify G-graphs for any small binary dihedral subgroup G in GL(2,ℂ), and in the context of the special McKay correspondence we use this classification to give a combinatorial description of special representations of G appearing in Y in terms of its maximal normal cyclic subgroup H ⊴ G.
TWO REMARKS ON PQε-PROJECTIVITY OF RIEMANNIAN METRICS
Authors: MATVEEV VLADIMIR S. , ROSEMANN STEFAN 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe show that PQε-projectivity of two Riemannian metrics introduced in [15] (P. J. Topalov, Geodesic compatibility and integrability of geodesic flows, J. Math. Phys.44(2) (2003), 913–929.) implies affine equivalence of the metrics unless ε ∈ {0,−1,−3,−5,−7,. . .}. Moreover, we show that for ε=0, PQε-projectivity implies projective equivalence.
COQUASITRIANGULAR STRUCTURES FOR EXTENSIONS OF HOPF ALGEBRAS. APPLICATIONS
Authors: AGORE A. L. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractLet A ⊆ E be an extension of Hopf algebras such that there exists a normal left A-module coalgebra map π : E → A that splits the inclusion. We shall describe the set of all coquasitriangular structures on the Hopf algebra E in terms of the datum (A, E, π) as follows: first, any such extension E is isomorphic to a unified product A ⋉ H, for some unitary subcoalgebra H of E (A. L. Agore and G. Militaru, Unified products and split extensions of Hopf algebras, to appear in AMS Contemp. Math.). Then, as a main theorem, we establish a bijective correspondence between the set of all coquasitriangular structures on an arbitrary unified product A ⋉ H and a certain set of datum (p, τ, u, v) related to the components of the unified product. As the main application, we derive necessary and sufficient conditions for Majid's infinite-dimensional quantum double Dλ(A, H) = A ⋈τH to be a coquasitriangular Hopf algebra. Several examples are worked out in detail.
CHARACTERISATIONS OF GEODESIC HYPERSPHERES IN A NON-FLAT COMPLEX SPACE FORM
Authors: MAEDA SADAHIRO , ADACHI TOSHIAKI , KIM YOUNG HO 
Published: August 2012

AbstractTotally η-umbilic real hypersurfaces are the simplest examples of real hypersurfaces in a non-flat complex space form. Geodesic hyperspheres in this ambient space are typical examples of such real hypersurfaces. We characterise every geodesic hypersphere by observing the extrinsic shapes of its geodesics and using the derivative of its contact form.
Robust transitivity for endomorphisms
Authors: LIZANA CRISTINA , PUJALS ENRIQUE 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe address the problem of the conditions under which an endomorphism having a dense orbit is such that a sufficiently close perturbed map also exhibits a dense orbit. For this purpose we give sufficient conditions, covering a large class of examples, for endomorphisms on the $n$-dimensional torus to be robustly transitive: the endomorphism must be volume expanding and any large connected arc must contain a point such that its future orbit belongs to an expanding region.
Learning non-adjacent regularities at age 0 ; 7
Authors: GERVAIN JUDIT , WERKER JANET F. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractOne important mechanism suggested to underlie the acquisition of grammar is rule learning. Indeed, infants aged 0 ; 7 are able to learn rules based on simple identity relations (adjacent repetitions, ABB: “wo fe fe” and non-adjacent repetitions, ABA: “wo fe wo”, respectively; Marcus et al., 1999). One unexplored issue is whether young infants are able to process both adjacent and non-adjacent repetitions. As the previous studies always compared the two types of repetition structures directly, the ability to learn only one of them was sufficient for successful discrimination in these tasks. The present study reports two experiments, in which we test the ability of infants aged 0 ; 7 to discriminate adjacent and non-adjacent repetition structures against random controls (ABB vs. ABC and ABA vs. ABC). We show that, contrary to some previous proposals, infants aged 0 ; 7 successfully discriminate both repetition types from random controls, but show no spontaneous preference for either of them.
Rapid decline and shift in the future distribution predicted for the endangered Sokoke Scops Owl Otus ireneae due to climate change
Authors: MONADJEM ARA , VIRANI MUNIR Z. , JACKSON COLIN , RESIDE APRIL 
Published: August 2012

SummaryClimate change is predicted to have serious impacts on the conservation status of numerous species of birds, particularly low-density, range-restricted species occupying narrow habitats. One such species is the globally “Endangered” Sokoke Scops Owl Otus ireneae that currently survives in just two or three small pockets of forest in coastal Kenya and north-eastern Tanzania. We assessed the potential impact of changes in future climate on this species using predictive niche modelling. Distributional data were obtained from various published and unpublished sources, and field surveys. Maximum Entropy (Maxent) was used to model the current distribution of Sokoke Scops Owl. A general circulation model was used to predict the distribution of this species in 2080. This scenario predicts a southward shift in the future distribution of this species in Kenya and a complete disappearance from the Usambara mountains in Tanzania, with a concomitant 64% reduction in areas of high environmental suitability. Considering the isolated nature of the forest fragments in which this owl survives and the sea of inhospitable human-modified habitat which surrounds these fragments, the future conservation prospects of this species are bleak. Close monitoring of the species is strongly recommended and potential conservation interventions are discussed.
A new population of the globally Endangered Red-fronted Macaw Ara rubrogenys unusually breeding in palms
Authors: ROJAS ABRAHAM , YUCRA ELEUTERIO , VERA IVÁN , REQUEJO ANDRÉS , TELLA JOSÉL. 
Published: August 2012

SummaryThe Red-fronted Macaw Ara rubrogenys is endemic to Bolivia, where it is listed as “Critically Endangered” due to its reduced population size and persisting threats. This species is known to breed exclusively on steep cliffs in arid inter-Andean valleys. However, during a survey of the whole distribution, we noted a previously overlooked population breeding in stands of the also endemic and globally endangered palm Parajubaea torallyi. We observed five adult pairs and confirmed at least three active nests. Nests were in holes 14–20 m above the ground in dead palms, at 2,580–2,700 m asl. The scarcity of breeding habitat and current nest poaching were identified as the major threats for this population. This discovery broadens our understanding of the breeding ecology and widens the scope of action for the monitoring and conservation of the species.
Cambodian Bon Om Touk Stampede Highlights Preventable Tragedy
Authors: Hsu Edbert B. , Burkle Frederick M. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe tragic nature of the human stampede that took place in Phnom Penh, Cambodia on November 22, 2010 claimed the lives of 347 people during the three-day-long Water Festival, known as Bon Om Touk. Described as the greatest tragedy that Cambodia has experienced since the collapse of the Khmer Rouge, the Bon Om Touk stampede ranks among the deadliest human stampede disasters during the past 30 years, a Class IV event exceeding 100 fatalities according to a recently proposed scale.1 From the perspective of global health, the event shares many characteristics with preceding major crowd disasters and failures in event planning. It is essential for the international community to officially monitor human stampedes as it does other major disasters. Additional research on human stampedes is needed to improve our collective understanding of the causes of crowd disasters and how best to prevent them.HsuEB, BurkleFMJr. Cambodian Bon Om Touk stampede highlights preventable tragedy. Prehosp Disaster Med.2012;27(5):1-2.
Radiobiological comparison of single and dual-isotope prostate seed implants
Authors: Knaup Courtney , Mavroidis Panayiotis , Esquivel Carlos , Stathakis Sotirios , Swanson Gregory , Baltas Dimos , Papanikolaou Nikos 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose: Several isotopes are available for low dose-rate prostate brachytherapy. Currently most implants use a single isotope. However, the use of dual-isotope implants may yield an advantageous combination of characteristics such as half-life and relative biological effectiveness. However, the use of dual-isotope implants complicates treatment planning and quality assurance. Do the benefits of dual-isotope implants outweigh the added difficulty? The goal of this work was to use a linear-quadratic model to compare single and dual-isotope implants.Materials & Methods: Ten patients were evaluated. For each patient, six treatment plans were created with single or dual-isotope combinations of 125I, 103Pd and 131Cs. For each plan the prostate, urethra, rectum and bladder were contoured by a physician. The biologically effective dose was used to determine the tumor control probability and normal tissue complication probabilities for each plan. Each plan was evaluated using favorable, intermediate and unfavorable radiobiological parameters. The results of the radiobiological analysis were used to compare the single and dual-isotope treatment plans.Results: Iodine-125 only implants were seen to be most affected by changes in tumor parameters. Significant differences in organ response probabilities were seen at common dose levels. However, after adjusting the initial seed strength the differences between isotope combinations were minimal.Conclusions: The objective of this work was to perform a radiobiologically based comparison of single and dual-isotope prostate seed implant plans. For all isotope combinations, the plans were improved by varying the initial seed strength. For the optimized treatment plans, no substantial differences in predicted treatment outcomes were seen among the different isotope combinations.
A 77-GHz antenna and fully integrated radar transceiver in package
Authors: Fischer A. , Stelzer A. , Maurer L. 
Published: August 2012

A 77-GHz–directional folded dipole antenna integrated in an embedded wafer level ball grid array package is presented. For the characterization of the antenna, a frequency multiplier is embedded, which scales the 4.25-GHz input signal up to 76.5 GHz and allows the use of a commercial signal source. The antenna structure is manufactured at the metallic layer, in the fan-out area of the package, and is directly connected to the monolithically integrated transceiver. The gain of the antenna is about 7 dBi, measured over a large bandwidth of about 8 GHz. The combination of the frequency multiplier with a 77-GHz transceiver and the on-package antenna is a promising approach for a system-in-package to future radar modules for automotive radar applications. Such a module avoids 77-GHz transitions to the printed circuit board and hence simplifies the design and manufacturing of the radar sensor significantly.
Seismic evidence for shallow gas‐escape features associated with a retreating gas hydrate zone offshore west Svalbard
Authors: Sarkar Sudipta , Berndt Christian , Minshull Timothy A. , Westbrook Graham K. , Klaeschen Dirk , Masson Douglas G. , Chabert Anne , Thatcher Kate E. 
Published: August 2012

Active gas venting occurs on the uppermost continental slope off west Svalbard, close to and upslope from the present‐day intersection of the base of methane hydrate stability (BMHS) with the seabed in about 400 m water depth in the inter‐fan region between the Kongsfjorden and Isfjorden cross‐shelf troughs. From an integrated analysis of high‐resolution, two‐dimensional, pre‐stack migrated seismic reflection profiles and multibeam bathymetric data, we map out a bottom simulating reflector (BSR) in the inter‐fan region and analyze the subsurface gas migration and accumulation. Gas seeps mostly occur in the zone from which the BMHS at the seabed has retreated over the recent past (1975–2008) as a consequence of a bottom water temperature rise of 1°C. The overall margin‐parallel alignment of the gas seeps is not related to fault‐controlled gas migration, as seismic evidence of faults is absent. There is no evidence for a BSR close to the gas flare region in the upper slope but numerous gas pockets exist directly below the predicted BMHS. While the contour following trend of the gas seeps could be a consequence of retreat of the landward limit of the BMHS and gas hydrate dissociation, the scattered distribution of seeps within the probable hydrate dissociation corridor and the occurrence of a cluster of seeps outside the predicted BMHS limit and near the shelf break indicate the role of lithological heterogeneity in focusing gas migration.
The active bacterial community in a pristine confined aquifer
Authors: Flynn Theodore M. , Sanford Robert A. , Santo Domingo Jorge W. , Ashbolt Nicholas J. , Levine Audrey D. , Bethke Craig M. 
Published: August 2012

This study of the active bacteria residing in a pristine confined aquifer provides unexpected insights into the ecology of iron‐reducing and sulfate‐reducing bacteria in the subsurface. At 18 wells, we trapped the microbes that attached to aquifer sediment and used molecular techniques to examine the bacterial populations. We used multivariate statistics to compare the composition of bacterial communities among the wells with respect to the chemistry of the groundwater. We found groundwater at each well was considerably richer in ferrous iron than sulfide, indicating iron‐reducing bacteria should, by established criteria, dominate the sulfate reducers. Our results show, however, that areas where groundwater contains more than a negligible amount of sulfate (>0.03 mM), populations related to sulfate reducers of the generaDesulfobacter and Desulfobulbus were of nearly equal abundance with putative iron reducers related to Geobacter, Geothrix, and Desulfuromonas. Whereas sulfate is a key discriminant of bacterial community structure, we observed no statistical relationship between the distribution of bacterial populations in this aquifer and the concentration of either ferrous iron or dissolved sulfide. These results call into question the validity of using the relative concentration of these two ions to predict the nature of bacterial activity in an aquifer. Sulfate reducers and iron reducers do not appear to be segregated into discrete zones in the aquifer, as would be predicted by the theory of competitive exclusion. Instead, we find the two groups coexist in the subsurface in what we suggest is a mutualistic relationship.
Multi‐year predictability of temperature and precipitation in multiple climate models
Authors: Jia Liwei , DelSole Timothy 
Published: August 2012

This paper explicitly identifies patterns in the ocean and land surface that are predictable on multi‐year time scales in multiple climate models. The patterns are identified by maximizing the Average Predictability Time (APT) of surface air temperature and precipitation in control simulations from the recently available fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). Because the patterns are identified from control runs, the predictability arises from internal dynamics that occur in the absence of interannual variations of anthropogenic and natural forcing. The most predictable component of annual mean surface air temperature is shown to have significant predictability as long as 3–20 years, depending on model. Over land, two components of surface air temperature are verified to be significantly predictable on multi‐year time scales, with one component deriving predictability from the persistence of temperature over the oceans, and the other deriving predictability from evolving ENSO patterns. Annual mean land precipitation is shown to be significantly predictable for 2–4 years in multiple models. These results contradict the widely held belief that temperature and precipitationover land is unpredictable beyond seasonal time scales.
Time‐varying parametric subharmonic instability from repeat CTD surveys in the northwestern Pacific Ocean
Authors: Qiu Bo , Chen Shuiming , Carter Glenn S. 
Published: August 2012

Time‐varying diapycnal diffusivity signals are estimated using the fine‐scale parameterization method from high‐resolution CTD data along three repeat sections in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. Indicative of the parametric subharmonic instability (PSI), locally‐elevated diapycnal mixing is detected alongallthree sections within the 25°–29°N band where bottom topography is relatively featureless. Due to their proximity to the semidiurnal internal tide generation sites, the two sections along ∼137°E have a time‐mean diffusivity value 2.5 × 10−5 m2 s−1 in the 300–2,000 m upper ocean. In contrast, it is 1.2 × 10−5 m2 s−1along the 165°E section. The time‐varying diffusivity along both sections is dominated by signals whose vertical structure resembles the local first dynamic normal mode profile. At the 137°E site of 25°–29°N, the local spring‐neap modulated semidiurnal tidal current is found to lead the CTD‐derived diffusivity time series by 6 days and can alter the diffusivity level by 0.24 × 10−5 m2 s−1. Similarly, the concurrent surface wind work is found to modify the diffusivity level by 0.35 × 10−5 m2 s−1. The combined spring‐neap tide and wind work forcing explains 47% of the observed, time‐varying diffusivity signals.
Significant and persistent impact of timber harvesting on soil microbial communities in Northern coniferous forests
Authors: Hartmann Martin , Howes Charles G , VanInsberghe David , Yu Hang , Bachar Dipankar , Christen Richard , Henrik Nilsson Rolf , Hallam Steven J , Mohn William W 
Published: August 2012

AbstractForest ecosystems have integral roles in climate stability, biodiversity and economic development. Soil stewardship is essential for sustainable forest management. Organic matter (OM) removal and soil compaction are key disturbances associated with forest harvesting, but their impacts on forest ecosystems are not well understood. Because microbiological processes regulate soil ecology and biogeochemistry, microbial community structure might serve as indicator of forest ecosystem status, revealing changes in nutrient and energy flow patterns before they have irreversible effects on long-term soil productivity. We applied massively parallel pyrosequencing of over 4.6 million ribosomal marker sequences to assess the impact of OM removal and soil compaction on bacterial and fungal communities in a field experiment replicated at six forest sites in British Columbia, Canada. More than a decade after harvesting, diversity and structure of soil bacterial and fungal communities remained significantly altered by harvesting disturbances, with individual taxonomic groups responding differentially to varied levels of the disturbances. Plant symbionts, like ectomycorrhizal fungi, and saprobic taxa, such as ascomycetes and actinomycetes, were among the most sensitive to harvesting disturbances. Given their significant ecological roles in forest development, the fate of these taxa might be critical for sustainability of forest ecosystems. Although abundant bacterial populations were ubiquitous, abundant fungal populations often revealed a patchy distribution, consistent with their higher sensitivity to the examined soil disturbances. These results establish a comprehensive inventory of bacterial and fungal community composition in northern coniferous forests and demonstrate the long-term response of their structure to key disturbances associated with forest harvesting.