bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DIFFERENTIATION OF THE SPECIES OFUROLEPIS(HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA: PTEROMALIDAE), POTENTIAL BIOCONTROL AGENTS OF FILTH FLIES (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE)
Authors: Gibson Gary A.P. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe world species ofUrolepisWalker are reviewed and a key is given to differentiate females ofUrolepis singularis(Ashmead) and males and females ofUrolepis maritima(Walker) andUrolepis rufipes(Ashmead). Lectotypes are designated forU.rufipesandU.singularis. Biological literature relating to parasitism of house flies and stable flies byU.maritimaandU.rufipesis summarized, and known hosts of the three species and collection records within the Nearctic region are given.Urolepis maritimais recorded for the first time from the Nearctic region, andU.rufipesis confirmed from northern Europe (Denmark and Germany).
FIELD BIOASSAY METHODOLOGIES FOR THE DETECTION OF RESISTANCE TO ACARICIDES IN POPULATIONS OF EUROPEAN RED MITE (ACARI: TETRANYCHIDAE)
Authors: Pree D.J. , Bittner L.A. , Whitty K.J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe toxicity of dicofol, pyridaben, formetanate HCl, and abamectin to European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), was determined using either a Petri dish or leaf dip bioassay (as potential field assay procedures) and was compared with results from a standard laboratory procedure that requires a Potter spray tower to treat leaf disks. Abamectin and pyridaben were the most toxic acaricides tested, and dicofol and pyridaben were more toxic when applied to Petri dishes than to leaf disks. Formetanate HCl was the least toxic acaricide tested by either leaf disk or leaf dip procedures. Diagnostic concentrations of pyridaben were determined as 5 mg active ingredient per litre (a.i./L) with the Petri dish assay and 15 mg a.i./L with the leaf disk assay. Mortality of European red mites to pyridaben at diagnostic concentrations was consistently 100% with the leaf disk assay and > 90% with the Petri dish assay. Residues of pyridaben on Petri dishes stored at 4 °C in a refrigerator were stable for at least 21 d. For dicofol, both leaf disk and Petri dish assays gave similar results, and 25 mg a.i./L, previously used as the diagnostic concentration in the Petri dish assay, resulted in > 99% mortality of the standard susceptible strain. This technique identified resistant individuals in all of the field populations tested. Abamectin applied at 2 mg a.i./L to leaf disks consistently gave 98–100% mortality, but results at 2 mg a.i./L with the Petri dish assay gave variable results and this was not a reliable technique for monitoring resistance. Concentrations of formetanate HCl required for the leaf dip assay were too high to be useful in field assays; however, all populations of European red mite tested using the leaf disk assay appeared susceptible. For the ovicide, clofentezine, mortality of eggs tested by the leaf disk assay at 100 or 500 mg a.i./L ranged from 89 to 100%. Results with the leaf dip procedure, using a 350 mg a.i./L suspension consistently resulted in > 96% mortality of eggs from susceptible field populations. These procedures are a useful tool in the development of resistance management programs for acaricides used in integrated pest management (IPM) systems for tree fruits.
AMBROSIA BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: PLATYPODIDAE) OF THE SOUTH PACIFIC
Authors: Beaver R.A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPlatypus bordenisp.nov. and Platypus namosianussp.nov. are described from the island of Viti Levu, Fiji, breeding in Syzygium ?curvistylum (Gillespie) Merr. and Perry (Myrtaceae). A key is provided to nine species of Platypodidae from the South Pacific islands. A review of the economic importance of Platypodidae in the region and possible management strategies is provided.
TARSONEMID MITE ASSOCIATES OF DENDROCTONUS FRONTALIS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE): IMPLICATIONS FOR THE HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY OF D. FRONTALIS
Authors: Moser John C. , Macías-Sámano Jorge E. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSeven species of mites (Acari: Tarsenomidae) were associated with two local outbreaks of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmerman, in Chiapas, Mexico; three of these species were new records for Mexico and Central America. The morphology and phoretic behavior of these mites differed little between the western and southern populations from the United States. One major difference was that the hyperphoretic ascospores of the southern pine beetle mycangial fungus, Ceratocystiopsis sp. (Ophiostomataceae), were common in sporothecae of Tarsonemus krantzi Smiley and Moser (Acari: Tarsonemidae) and Tarsonemus ips Lindquist in Chiapas, Mexico, whereas the ascospores of the blue stain fungus, Ophiostoma minus (Hedgcock) H. and P. Sydow (Ophiostomataceae), were rare; this situation in the southern United States is reversed. The paucity of behavioral and morphological differences between the two southern pine beetle populations and the relevant historical climatology suggest that the appearance of D. frontalis in the southern United States may be a recent event.
INFLUENCE OF DIET ON REPELLENT AND FEEDING-DETERRENT ACTIVITY OF LARVAL ORAL EXUDATE IN SPRUCE BUDWORMS (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Poirier L.M. , Borden J.H. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA two-choice feeding bioassay was used to investigate the effects of larval source (colony versus wild larvae) and rearing medium (artificial versus foliar diet) on the feeding-deterrent activity of the oral exudate of the spruce budworm and the western spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) and Choristoneura occidentalis Free., respectively. Feeding by both wild and colony larvae was deterred by conspecific oral exudate. Larvae reared on artificial diet responded to exudate from both diet- and foliage-reared larvae, whereas the foliage-reared larvae responded only to exudate from other foliage-reared larvae. These results suggest that differences exist between artificial diet- and foliage-reared larvae in the composition of oral exudate, in the concentrations of its biologically active constituents, or in differential sensitivity of diet- and foliage-reared larvae to exudate from foliage-reared larvae.
HOST SPECIFICITY IN PISSODES STROBI (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE): ROLES OF GEOGRAPHY, GENETICS, AND BEHAVIOR
Authors: Phillips Thomas W. , Lanier Gerald N. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractHost specificity of Pissodes strobi (Peck) from different geographic regions and genetic divergence of local host-associated weevil populations were studied in a series of experiments. Pacific coast P. strobi reared from Sitka spruce, Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr (Pinaceae), were unable to successfully colonize either eastern white pine, Pinus strobus L. (Pinaceae), or western white pine, Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don., in a forced-infestation study on interplanted trees in New York. Reproductively mature field-collected P. strobi from British Columbia did not oviposit on eastern white pine in New York, but field-collected New York weevils successfully reproduced in Sitka spruce leaders in British Columbia. Unacceptability of eastern white pine for western P. strobi was shown to be under genetic control, rather than influenced by prior host experience on Sitka spruce. Pissodes strobi originating from Sitka spruce but reared one generation in the laboratory on the exotic Norway spruce, Picea abies (L.) Karst., were also unable to utilize eastern white pine as a host in a forced-infestation experiment in the field. Population genetic studies using allozyme electrophoresis found that P. strobi populations occurring on different host species within 2 km of each other had significant differences in allele frequencies in three out of four cases. These results suggest that P. strobi can exist as small breeding populations that can facilitate host specialization. Applied research on host resistance against P. strobi could target mechanisms that prevent western P. strobi from utilizing nonhosts such as eastern and western white pines.
LINEATIN ENANTIOMER PREFERENCE, FLIGHT PERIODS, AND EFFECT OF PHEROMONE CONCENTRATION AND TRAP LENGTH ON THREE SYMPATRIC SPECIES OFTRYPODENDRON(COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)
Authors: Lindgren B.S. , Hoover S.E.R. , MacIsaac A.M. , Keeling C.I. , Slessor K.N. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe effects of lineatin enantiomer ratios, lineatin release rate, and trap length on catches and the flight periods of three sympatric species ofTrypodendronStephens were investigated in field bioassays using multiple-funnel traps. The ambrosia beetle,Trypodendron betulaeSwaine, was caught in similar numbers in baited traps and blank control traps, showing that this species does not respond to lineatin. Our results confirmed thatTrypodendron lineatum(Olivier) is attracted only to (+)-lineatin.Trypodendron rufitarsus(Kirby) andTrypodendron retusum(LeConte) were shown to utilize lineatin and likeT.lineatumwere caught only when (+)-lineatin was present. These results indicate that lineatin does not govern reproductive isolation among these three species. There was no effect by (+)-lineatin release rate within the range tested. The flight ofT.rufitarsuscommenced earlier and ceased before the peak of theT.lineatumflight, suggesting that temporal separation may be an important component of reproductive isolation between these two species. The flight period ofT.retusumwas similar to that ofT.lineatum. Host odours may aid in reproductive isolation of these two species. Enantiomer blend did not significantly affect sex ratio in any species; however, sex ratio differed among species, indicating that different species responded differently to the traps or that natural sex ratios differ. Catches ofT.rufitarsusandT.retusumincreased with trap length when pheromone release per trap was held constant and when release was held constant relative to trap length. Trap length and release rate did not affect sex ratio.
ATTRACTIVENESS AND SUITABILITY OF HOST TREE SPECIES FOR COLONIZATION AND SURVIVAL OF PHORACANTHA SEMIPUNCTATA (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE)
Authors: Paine T.D. , Hanks L.M. , Millar J.G. , Paine E.O. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAmong the three species of potential hosts for Phoracantha semipunctata (F.) (Eucalyptus propinqua Deane and Maiden, Eucalyptus maculata Hook., and Angophora costata (Gaertner) Britten (all Myrtaceae)) tested in southeast Queensland, there were no differences in number of beetle galleries initiated by neonate larvae, larval mortality, larval survivorship, or parasitism rates. The larvae that survived to pupation in E. maculata produced significantly larger galleries, indicating larger larval size, than did larvae in either of the other two host species tested. There were no differences in the size of parasitized larvae among the three species of potential hosts. The results suggest that there were differences among species in host suitability for larval development but that females were either not able to distinguish those differences during oviposition or the selection for discrimination was not strong relative to the associated potential ecological costs.
RESPONSES OF CONOPHTHORUS SPP. (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) TO BEHAVIORAL CHEMICALS IN FIELD TRIALS: A TRANSCONTINENTAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Rappaport Nancy Gillette , Stein John D. , del Rio Mora Adolfo Arturo , DeBarr Gary , de Groot Peter , Mori Sylvia 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe tested six behavioral chemicals, pityol, conophthorin, 4-allylanisole, verbenone, 2-hexenol, and α-pinene, in a series of field trials directed at six combinations of Conophthorus Hopkins – Pinus L. spp. (Pinaceae) in sites distributed across North America. Beetle – host tree combinations included Conophthorus ponderosae Hopkins on Pinus ponderosa Laws., C. ponderosae on Pinus monticola Dougl., Conophthorus conicolens Wood on Pinus pseudostrobus Lindl., Conophthorus teocotum Wood on Pinus teocote Schl. & Cham., Conophthorus coniperda (Schwarz) on Pinus strobus L., and Conophthorus resinosae Hopkins on Pinus resinosa Ait. trans-Verbenol was tested only on C. resinosae on P. resinosa. Traps baited with pityol caught more beetles than unbaited traps in nearly all of the assays, and conophthorin consistently inhibited male beetle response to pityol for all species tested. Behavioral responses of species of Conophthorus to α-pinene appeared to parallel host phylogeny, inasmuch as beetles using Haploxylon pines as hosts utilized α-pinene as a synergist for the beetle-produced pityol, whereas beetles using Diploxylon pines as hosts did not. α-Pinene was a synergist for pityol in C. ponderosae on P. monticola and C. coniperda on P. strobus, but not for species of Conophthorus on any other pines tested. Conophthorus ponderosae on P. ponderosa was the only beetle–host combination tested where verbenone was a synergist for pityol, but this effect was not consistent in all years of testing. It was also the only beetle–host combination in which 4-allylanisole was a repellent. For all other beetle–host combinations, verbenone was neutral to slightly repellent and 4-allylanisole was either synergistic or neutral in pityol-baited traps. Promising synergists and interruptants/repellents were identified for implementation in pest-management regimes, including conophthorin as an interruptant for all species of Conophthorus tested, 4-allylanisole as an interruptant for C. ponderosae on P. ponderosa, α-pinene as a synergist for pityol in all species tested on Haploxylon pines, and 4-allylanisole as a synergist for pityol in C. conicolens and C. coniperda.
World review of the genusTinocallis(Hemiptera: Aphididae, Calaphidinae) with description of a new species
Authors: Quednau F.W. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe aphid genusTinocallisMatsumura is revised on a worldwide basis. Notes on its taxonomic position and evolutionary history and a key for the 21 species are presented.Tinocallis ussuriensisPashtshenko andT.nevskyi lianchengensisZhang and Qiao are proposed as synonyms ofT.takachihoensis, andT.sapporoensisHiguchi is proposed as a synonym ofT.nikkoensisHiguchi,T.allozelkowaeZhang and Zhong as a synonym ofT.viridis(Takahashi), andT.magnoliaeAK Ghosh and Raychaudhuri as a synonym ofT.insularis(Takahashi).Tinocallis distinctusMR Ghosh, AK Ghosh and Raychaudhuri is returned to the subgenusTinocallis s.s. from the subgenusQuednaucallisChakrabarti. A lectotype designation was made forT.viridis(Takahashi).Tinocallis dalbergicolasp.nov. fromDalbergia hanceiBenth. (Fabaceae) in Hong Kong is described and illustrated. It is closely related toT.caryaefoliae(Davis) andT.himalayensisAK Ghosh, MR Ghosh and Raychaudhuri, but has much longer antennae and longer spinal body processes. It also differs from the former species by the smooth mesonotum and from the latter species in having the forewing hyaline and with a complete radial sector.
Release, establishment, and movement of the predator Typhlodromus pyri (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on apple
Authors: Marshall D.B. , Thistlewood H.M.A. , Lester P.J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn Ontario apple [Malus × domestica Mill. (Rosaceae)] orchards, the application of certain pesticides kills phytoseiid predatory mites and causes outbreaks of phytophagous mites. We released a strain of the predatory mite Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten (Acari: Phytoseiidae), obtained from Nova Scotia and with organophosphate- and pyrethroid-resistant traits, into adjacent ’McIntosh’ and ’Red Delicious’ apple orchards and followed its progress over four seasons. The T. pyri strain established in the orchards, became the dominant predator, and was associated with low densities of the phytophagous mites Panonychus ulmi Koch and Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Aculus schlechtendali (Nalepa) (Acari: Eriophyidae). It moved slowly through the orchards and took 4 years to reach the 28th tree (84 m) from the release point in both orchards. The predominant wind direction did not appear to influence T. pyri movement. It was present in high numbers on release trees, or trees near these release trees, each summer after release, unlike other predatory species including Typhlodromus caudiglans (Schuster) (Acari: Phytoseiidae), Amblyseius fallacis (Garman) (Acari: Phytoseiidae), and Zetzellia mali (Ewing) (Acari: Stigmaeidae). This species appears particularly useful for biological control of phytophagous mites in Ontario and is worthy of further testing for conservation and augmentative release.
Revision of the Scopula cajanderi (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Sterrhinae) species group with description of a new species
Authors: Sihvonen Pasi 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe Holarctic Scopula cajanderi (Herz) species group is revised on the basis of external and genitalic characters. The taxa included in the species group are Scopula cajanderi (Herz, 1903 [not 1904]) (= the Palaearctic Scopula elwesi sajanensis Prout, 1935 syn.nov., = the Palaearctic Scopula elwesi achlyoides Prout, 1935 syn.nov., = the Nearctic Scopula septentrionicola McDunnough, 1939 syn.nov.), thus making S. cajanderi Holarctic; Scopula mustangensis Yazaki, 1995; and Scopula aegrefasciatasp.nov. Lectotypes are designated for the following species which were described from more than one specimen without holotype designation: S. cajanderi, Scopula anaitaria (Herz, 1903), and S. e. achlyoides. The systematic position of Scopula elwesi elwesi Prout, 1922 within the genus Scopula is uncertain. A key to the species is presented with illustrations of the adults and genitalia, and a distribution map is presented for all taxa. An examination of the biogeography of S. cajanderi suggests that the Wisconsinan and Sartan glaciations may have played a part in the origin of the disjunct populations.
Revision of the Neotropical genus Acanthoscelio (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae)
Authors: Dotseth Eric J. , Johnson Norman F. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe Neotropical genus Acanthoscelio Ashmead is revised. We recognize eight species, found from Costa Rica south to Paraguay and southeastern Brazil. Acanthoscelio americanus Ashmead (Brazil) and A. flavipes Ashmead (Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela, and Trinidad) are redescribed, and six new species are described: A. acutussp.nov. (Costa Rica, Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad, Ecuador, Peru, and Brazil), A. latenssp.nov. (Ecuador), A. nimbosussp.nov. (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, and Bolivia), A. prolatussp.nov. (Colombia and Ecuador), A. punctatussp.nov. (Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, and Ecuador), and A. radiatussp.nov. (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, and French Guiana). A key to species is provided.
Host–instar selection in the aphid parasitoid Monoctonus paulensis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Aphidiinae): assessing costs and benefits
Authors: Chau Amanda , Mackauer Manfred 
Published: November 2009

AbstractFemales of Monoctonus paulensis (Ashmead), a solitary parasitoid of aphids, generally select the relatively smaller over equally available larger instars of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea: Aphididae). Large hosts contain more resources for parasitoid development and hence have presumably higher quality; however, they require more time to subdue and are more likely to escape. We tested the hypothesis that a female’s choice among first (L1), second (L2), third (L3), and fourth (L4) instars of the pea aphid is based on the optimal balance between fitness costs in terms of time and fitness gains in terms of offspring number and size. Prepupal mortality did not vary with host instar, but pupal mortality was greater among parasitoids developing in L4 than in any younger instars. Offspring mortality was not influenced by clutch size in that mortality risk did not differ between parasitoids developing alone and counterparts developing in a clutch. The sex ratio, measured as proportion of daughters among offspring, was female-biased on all four host instars; the degree of bias increased from 0.70 (in L1) to 0.92 (in L4). Parasitoid body size was a function of aphid size at parasitism. Females were larger than males; the magnitude of the difference in body size was constant and independent of host and hence parasitoid size. A female’s potential fecundity as measured by the number of ovarial eggs at eclosion varied with her size and larval ontogeny. The four instars of the pea aphid were ranked in the order L1 > L2 > L3 > L4 both in terms of the number of offspring produced per encountered host and in terms of a female’s time costs; first instars are easier to handle and are more abundant in the field than older instars. The four host types were ranked in the order L2 > L3 > L1 > L4 in terms of the proportion and potential fecundity of daughters among offspring. The observed preference pattern (L1 > L2 > L3 > L4) suggests that, in choosing hosts, females of M. paulensis maximize the number of offspring per unit of search time rather than simply offspring quality.
Diversity of Agromyzidae (Diptera) in disjunct grasslands of the southern Yukon Territory
Authors: Boucher Stéphanie , Wheeler Terry A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe diversity of Agromyzidae (Diptera) associated with disjunct xeric grasslands was studied at six south-facing slopes in the southern Yukon Territory, Canada. Agromyzidae was the most diverse of 32 families of Brachycera at the sites, with 34 species (485 specimens) collected. Eight new species are described: Liriomyza naressp.nov., Metopomyza adretanasp.nov., Phytoliriomyza depriceisp.nov., Phytoliriomyza triangulatasp.nov., Phytomyza conglomeratasp.nov., Phytomyza dionisp.nov., Phytomyza klondikensissp.nov., and Phytomyza takhiniensissp.nov. Twenty previously described species were identified and six other unnamed species were represented by females only. Fourteen of the 20 previously described species are recorded from the Yukon for the first time; ecological and systematic notes are given for each species. Although the vegetation of the sample sites was often similar, there were pronounced differences in the species assemblage of Agromyzidae collected at each site. Thirteen of the previously known species are widespread in the Nearctic region (including Holarctic species), six species are restricted to the western Nearctic, and one species is known from the Palaearctic and western Nearctic. Several major range extensions are noted.
New genera and species of the tribe Acanthocorini (Hemiptera: Coreidae, Coreinae)
Authors: Brailovsky Harry 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAntanambecoris pronotalisgen.nov., sp.nov., and Pluotenia pullagen.nov., sp.nov., are described from specimens collected in Madagascar and belonging to the old world tribe Acanthocorini. Dorsal habitus, male genital capsule, and parameres are illustrated and a key to the malagasy genera is provided.
Chaltenia patagonica, new genus and species belonging to Chalteniina, a new subtribe of Zolini (Coleoptera: Carabidae)
Authors: Roig-Juñent Sergio , Cicchino Armando C. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBased on external structural features and on those of male and female genitalia, the monobasic carabid genusChalteniagen.nov. is described and illustrated, along withChaltenia patagonicasp.nov. A parsimony analysis of tribe-level taxa supports a position of this new genus within the supertribe TrecFhitae. Based on the analysis of fittest trees, the genusChalteniais most closely related to the tribe Zolini. Several characters, such as head with three supraorbital setae, two rows of squamosetae on ventral surface of male protarsomeres 1–2, elytral interval 8 not carinate, and glossal sclerite quadrisetose, differentiate the genusChalteniafrom the three subtribes of Zolini. Because of the large degree of difference from the previously known genera of Zolini, a new monogeneric subtribe, Chalteniina, is described in order to hold the new genusChaltenia. The biogeographical pattern exhibited by the tribe Zolini is congruent with the biogeographical patterns of other carabids, such as the tribe Broscini, that show an amphitropical distribution.