bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring temporal development and healing of diabetic foot ulceration using hyperspectral imaging
Authors: Yudovsky Dmitry , Nouvong Aksone , Schomacker Kevin , Pilon Laurent 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis study combines non‐invasive hyperspectral imaging with an experimentally validated skin optical model and inverse algorithm to monitor diabetic feet of two representative patients. It aims to observe temporal changes in local epidermal thickness and oxyhemoglobin concentration and to gain insight into the progression of foot ulcer formation and healing. Foot ulceration is a debilitating comorbidity of diabetes that may result in loss of mobility and amputation. Inflammation and necrosis preempt ulceration and can result in changes in the skin prior to ulceration and during ulcer healing that affect oxygen delivery and consumption. Previous studies estimated oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin concentrations around pre‐ulcerative and ulcer sites on the diabetic foot using commercially available hyperspectral imaging systems. These measurements were successfully used to detect tissue at risk of ulceration and predict the healing potential of ulcers. The present study shows epidermal thickening and decrease in oxyhemoglobin concentration can also be detected prior to ulceration at pre‐ulcerative sites. The algorithm was also able to observe reduction in the epidermal thickness combined with an increase in oxyhemoglobin concentration around the ulcer as it healed and closed. This methodology can be used for early prediction of diabetic foot ulceration in a clinical setting. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A computational study of the reactivities of four‐membered heavy carbene systems
Authors: Wu Chi‐Shiun , Su Ming‐Der 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe potential energy surfaces for the chemical reactions of four‐membered N‐heterocyclic group 14 heavy carbene species have been studied using density functional theory (B3LYP/LANL2DZ). Five four‐membered group 14 heavy carbene species, (i‐Pr)2NP(NR)2E:, in which E = C, Si, Ge, Sn, and Pb, were chosen as the model reactants in this work. Also, four kinds of chemical reactions, CH bond insertion, water addition, alkene cycloaddition, and dimerization, have been used to study the chemical reactivities of these group 14 four‐membered N‐heterocyclic carbene species. Basically, our present theoretical work predicts that the larger the ∠NEN bond angle of the four‐membered group 14 heavy carbene species, the smaller the singlet‐triplet splitting, the lower the activation barrier, and, in turn, the more rapid, its chemical reactions to various chemical species. Moreover, our theoretical investigations suggest that the relative carbenic reactivity decreases in the order: C > Si > Ge > Sn > Pb. That is, the heavier the group 14 atom (E), the more stable is its four‐membered carbene toward chemical reactions. As a result, our results predict that the four‐membered group 14 heavy carbene species (E = Si, Ge, Sn, and Pb) should be more kinetically stable than the observed carbene species and, thus, can be also readily synthesized and isolated at room temperature. Furthermore, the singlet‐triplet energy splitting of the four‐membered group 14 carbene species, as described in the configuration mixing model attributed to the work of Pross and Shaik, can be used as a diagnostic tool to predict their reactivities. The results obtained allow a number of predictions to be made. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011
A possible cause of decreasing summer rainfall in northeast Australia
Authors: Li Jianping , Feng Juan , Li Yun 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe NCEP/NCAR reanalysis and precipitation data from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology are used to analyse variability in rainfall during the austral summer (December–March, DJFM) in northeast Australia (NEA). NEA rainfall shows a marked decrease over the past 50 years, mainly in the austral summer. Our analysis reveals that the summer rainfall decrease in NEA is generally an interdecadal phenomenon. The declining trend has an imprint in the tropical Australian summer monsoon (TASM). Not only does TASM have a phase‐to‐phase influence on NEA summer rainfall at the interannual scale, it is also closely linked with interdecadal variation in NEA summer rainfall. Thus, the decrease in NEA at the interdecadal scale could be attributed to corresponding variation in TASM. Moreover, the coupled linkage between TASM and NEA summer rainfall appears to be largely independent of El Niño–Southern Oscillation. One possible reason for the interdecadal weakening trend in TASM is a sustained interdecadal warming trend in sea surface temperature (SST) over the Wharton Basin (100°–130°E, 20°–5°S). When the Wharton Basin is in a cold state, anomalous westerlies occur in the lower troposphere in the TASM region, and cyclonic circulation anomalies and rising flows occur in the low and middle troposphere over NEA, which are associated with a strong TASM situation, consequently favouring enhanced rainfall over NEA; the opposite occurs in the case of a warm Wharton Basin. SST over the Wharton Basin has shown a continuous warming trend over the past 60 years, contributing to the weakening of TASM and, consequently, a decrease in NEA summer rainfall. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Chondroprotective effect of alendronate in a rabbit model of osteoarthritis
Authors: Shirai Takaaki , Kobayashi Masahiko , Nishitani Kohei , Satake Tsuyoshi , Kuroki Hiroshi , Nakagawa Yasuaki , Nakamura Takashi 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine how alendronate (ALN) alters cartilage degeneration and periarticular bone quality in a rabbit anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) model of osteoarthritis (OA). Thirty rabbits underwent an ACLT on the left knee and a sham operation on the right knee. Fifteen rabbits received weekly subcutaneous injections of ALN (0.14 mg/kg) and 15 rabbits (the control [cont] group) received saline. Animal knees were divided into four groups: cont/sham, cont/ACLT, ALN/sham, and ALN/ACLT. Histological, radiological, and immunohistochemical indices were evaluated for each group. Bone volume ratios by micro‐computed tomography showed that ALN prevented periarticular bone loss. Histologically, the cont/ACLT group had significantly worse cartilage damage than the cont/sham group 12 weeks after the surgery. However, the ALN/ACLT group had mild cartilage degeneration compared with that of the ALN/sham group. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that ALN suppressed the expression of matrix metalloproteinase‐13, interleukin‐1β, type‐X collagen, vascular endothelial growth factor, and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand in OA cartilage. ALN had a chondroprotective effect in an experimental rabbit model of OA. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29: 1572–1577, 2011
Highly efficient release of lovastatin from poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) nanoparticles enhances bone repair in rats
Authors: Ho Ming‐Hua , Chiang Chun‐Pin , Liu Yao‐Fang , Kuo Mark Yen‐Ping , Lin Sze‐Kwan , Lai Juin‐Yih , Lee Bor‐Shiunn 
Published: April 2011

AbstractLovastatin exhibits higher thermal stability and lower degradation rate than simvastatin. However, the amount of research studying a lovastatin delivery device has been far less than similar research on simvastatin. As a consequence, a high lovastatin release rate system has not been developed. We hypothesized that highly efficient release of lovastatin from poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles in a short‐term release (7 days) could provide an effective delivery system for bone repair. This study optimized the emulsion (o/w) technique in the fabrication process for PLGA nanoparticles, thereby producing the first recorded case of a high release rate (97%) of lovastatin. We also calculated the calibration curve of lovastatin using a UV spectrometer. The results demonstrated that the ALPase activity in human osteoblasts could be significantly stimulated by lovastatin carried in PLGA nanoparticles, but was prominently decreased by free lovastatin with the concentration higher than 4 µg/ml. Animal studies showed that the amount of lovastatin contained in 1 mg PLGA was the optimum dosage. These results suggest the new lovastatin‐releasing PLGA delivery device exhibits potential for clinical treatment of bony defects. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29: 1504–1510, 2011
Assessment of the accuracy of infrared and electromagnetic navigation using an industrial robot: Which factors are influencing the accuracy of navigation?
Authors: Liodakis Emmanouil , Chu Kongfai , Westphal Ralf , Krettek Christian , Citak Musa , Gosling Thomas , Kenawey Mohamed 
Published: April 2011

AbstractOur objectives were to detect factors that influence the accuracy of surgical navigation (magnitude of deformity, plane of deformity, position of the navigation bases) and compare the accuracy of infrared with electromagnetic navigation. Human cadaveric femora were used. A robot connected with a computer moved one of the bony fragments in a desired direction. The bases of the infrared navigation (BrainLab) and the receivers of the electromagnetic device (Fastrak‐Pohlemus) were attached to the proximal and distal parts of the bone. For the first part of the study, deformities were classified in eight groups (e.g., 0 to 5°). For the second part, the bases were initially placed near the osteotomy and then far away. The mean absolute differences between both navigation system measurements and the robotic angles were significantly affected by the magnitude of angulation with better accuracy for smaller angulations (p < 0.001). The accuracy of infrared navigation was significantly better in the frontal and sagittal plane. Changing the position of the navigation bases near and far away from the deformity apex had no significant effect on the accuracy of infrared navigation; however, it influenced the accuracy of electromagnetic navigation in the frontal plane (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the use of infrared navigation systems for corrections of small angulation‐deformities in the frontal or sagittal plane provides the most accurate results, irrespectively from the positioning of the navigation bases. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29: 1476–1483, 2011
A Raman spectroscopic study of the different vanadate groups in solid‐state compounds—model case: mineral phases vésigniéite [BaCu3(VO4)2(OH)2] and volborthite [Cu3V2O7(OH)2·2H2O]
Authors: Frost Ray L. , Palmer Sara J. , Čejka Jiří , Sejkora Jiří , Plášil Jakub , Bahfenne Silmarilly , Keeffe Eloise C. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractRaman spectroscopy has been used to study vanadates in the solid state. The molecular structure of the vanadate minerals vésigniéite [BaCu3(VO4)2(OH)2] and volborthite [Cu3V2O7(OH)2·2H2O] have been studied by Raman spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy. The spectra are related to the structure of the two minerals. The Raman spectrum of vésigniéite is characterized by two intense bands at 821 and 856 cm−1 assigned to ν1 (VO4)3− symmetric stretching modes. A series of infrared bands at 755, 787 and 899 cm−1 are assigned to the ν3 (VO4)3− antisymmetric stretching vibrational mode. Raman bands at 307 and 332 cm−1 and at 466 and 511 cm−1 are assigned to the ν2 and ν4 (VO4)3− bending modes. The Raman spectrum of volborthite is characterized by the strong band at 888 cm−1, assigned to the ν1 (VO3) symmetric stretching vibrations. Raman bands at 858 and 749 cm−1 are assigned to the ν3 (VO3) antisymmetric stretching vibrations; those at 814 cm−1 to the ν3 (VOV) antisymmetric vibrations; that at 508 cm−1 to the ν1 (VOV) symmetric stretching vibration and those at 442 and 476 cm−1 and 347 and 308 cm−1 to the ν4 (VO3) and ν2 (VO3) bending vibrations, respectively. The spectra of vésigniéite and volborthite are similar, especially in the region of skeletal vibrations, even though their crystal structures differ. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Micro‐Raman investigation of tin dioxide nanostructured material based on annealing effect
Authors: Sangeetha P. , Sasirekha V. , Ramakrishnan V. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractRutile‐structured nanocrystalline tin dioxide (SnO2) powder was synthesized by the chemical precipitation method using the precursor SnCl2• 5H2O. The SnO2 powder was annealed at different temperatures, namely, 600, 800 and 1000 °C. Micro‐Raman spectra were recorded for both the as‐grown and annealed SnO2 nanocrystalline samples. Micro‐Raman spectral measurements on the SnO2 nanoparticle show the first‐order Raman modes A1g (633 cm−1), E1g (475 cm−1) and B2g (775 cm−1), indicating that the grown SnO2 belongs to the rutile structure. The first‐order A1g mode is observed as an intense band, whereas the other two modes show low intensity. The full width at half‐maximum and band area of the Raman lines of SnO2 nanoparticle annealed at various temperatures were calculated. The effect of high‐temperature annealing on the vibrational modes of SnO2 was studied. The optical image of SnO2 nanocrystalline material was used to understand the surface morphology effect. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐pressure studies of the micro‐Raman spectra of iron cyanide complexes: Prussian blue (Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3), potassium ferricyanide (K3[Fe(CN)6]), and sodium nitroprusside (Na2[Fe(CN)5(NO)]·2H2O)
Authors: Barsan Mirela M. , Butler Ian S. , Fitzpatrick Jessica , Gilson Denis F. R. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe pressure dependences of the peaks observed in the micro‐Raman spectra of Prussian blue (Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3), potassium ferricyanide (K3[Fe(CN)6]), and sodium nitroprusside (Na2[Fe(CN)5(NO)]·2H2O) have been measured up to 5.0 GPa. The vibrational modes of Prussian blue appearing at 201 and 365 cm−1 show negative dν/dP values and Grüneisen parameters and are assigned to the transverse bending modes of the FeCNFe linkage which can contribute to a negative thermal expansion behavior. A phase transition occurring between 2.0 and 2.8 GPa in potassium ferricyanide is shown by changes in the spectral region 150–700 cm−1. In the spectra of the nitroprusside ion, there are strong interactions between the FeN stretching mode and the FeNO bending and the axial CN stretching modes. The pressure dependence of the NO stretching vibration is positive, 5.6 cm−1 GPa−1, in contrast to the negative behavior in the iron(II)‐meso‐tetraphenyl porphyrinate complex. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy of genomic DNA from in vitro grown plant species
Authors: Muntean C. M. , Leopold N. , Halmagyi A. , Valimareanu S. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractSurface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect was used to demonstrate ultrasensitive optical detection of nucleic acids. In this work, the SERS spectra of seven genomic DNAs from leaves of Arnica montana (L.), Fam. Compositae, Astragalus peterfii (Jáv.), Fam. Fabaceae, Kalanchoe x hybrida, Fam. Crassulaceae, strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.), Fam. Rosaceae, carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.), Fam. Caryophyllaceae, apple (Malus domestica Borkh.), Fam. Rosaceae and Persian violet (Exacum affine Balf.), Fam. Gentianaceae were analyzed in the wavenumber range 200–1800 cm−1. SERS signatures, spectroscopic band assignments and structural interpretations of these plant genomic DNAs are reported. SERS spectra of nucleic acids are compared here with caution, because these signals are time‐dependent. The SERS spectra corresponding to DNA from Arnica, Dianthus, Fragaria and Kalanchoe leaves show well‐resolved, accurate bands, providing thus a high molecular structural information content. Based on this work, specific plant DNA–ligand interactions or DNA structural changes induced by plant stress conditions associated with their natural environment might be further investigated using SERS spectroscopy. Besides, this study will generate information that is valuable in the development of label‐free DNA‐based nanosensors for chemical probing in the living cell. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of chemometric methods in the analysis of pharmaceuticals with hyperspectral Raman imaging
Authors: Vajna Balázs , Patyi Gergö , Nagy Zsombor , Bódis Attila , Farkas Attila , Marosi György 
Published: April 2011

AbstractChemical imaging method of vibrational spectroscopy, which provides both spectral and spatial information, creates a three‐dimensional (3D) dataset with a huge amount of data. When the components of the sample are unknown or their reference spectra are not available, the classical least squares (CLS) method cannot be applied to create visualized distribution maps. Raman image datasets can be evaluated even in such cases using multivariate (chemometric) methods for extracting the needed hidden information. The capability of chemometrics‐assisted Raman mapping is evaluated through the analysis of pharmaceutical tablets (considered as unknown) with the aim of estimating the pure component spectra based on the collected Raman image. Six chemometric methods, namely, principal component analysis (PCA), maximum autocorrelation factors (MAF), sample–sample 2D correlation spectroscopy (SS2D), self‐modeling mixture analysis (SMMA), multivariate curve resolution–alternating least squares (MCR‐ALS), and positive matrix factorization (PMF), were compared. SMMA was found to be the best choice to determine the number of components. MCR‐ALS and PMF provided the pure component spectra with the highest quality. MCR‐ALS was found to be superior to PMF in the estimation of Raman scores (which correspond to the concentrations) and yielded almost the same results as CLS (using the real reference spectra). Thus, the combination of Raman mapping and chemometrics could be successfully used to characterize unknown pharmaceuticals, identify their ingredients, and obtain information about their structures. This may be useful in the struggles against illegal and counterfeit products and also in the field of pharmaceutical industry when contaminants are to be identified. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of E‐cadherin (CDH1) gene promoter polymorphisms on the risk and clinicopathological development of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Chien Ming‐Hsien , Yeh Kun‐Tu , Li Yi‐Ching , Hsieh Yi‐Hsien , Lin Chien‐Huang , Weng Meng‐Shih , Kuo Wu‐Hsien , Yang Shun‐Fa 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent malignant neoplasms worldwide, and is the second leading cause of cancer death in Taiwan. E‐cadherin is an epithelial cell adhesion molecule, and decreased E‐cadherin expression in HCC is associated with a poor prognosis. This study investigates the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the E‐cadherin/CDH1 gene promoter on the risk and clinicopathological characteristics of HCCMethods131 HCC patients and 347 controls were recruited for this study. Genetic polymorphisms of CDH1‐160 and ‐347 were analyzed by PCR‐RFLP genotyping analysis.ResultsAfter adjusting for other confounders, results show that individuals with the CDH1‐347G/GA or GA/GA polymorphic genotypes had a significantly higher risk of developing HCC than those with the wild‐type (G/G) genotype (adjusted odds ratio = 2.477; 95%CI: 1.421–4.319). Furthermore, patients with HCC with at least one mutant A allele of CDH1‐160 had a 4.031‐fold risk of progressing to stage III or IV.ConclusionsThis study shows that SNPs in CDH1‐347 gene are associated with an increased risk of HCC, and at least one mutant A allele of CDH1‐160 gene is associated with the development of stage III or IV of HCC in Taiwanese. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011; 104:299–304. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatic resection: Are elderly patients suitable for surgery?
Authors: Nanashima Atsushi , Abo Takafumi , Nonaka Takashi , Fukuoka Hidetoshi , Hidaka Shigekazu , Takeshita Hiroaki , Ichikawa Tatsuki , Sawai Terumitsu , Yasutake Toru , Nakao Kazuhiko , Nagayasu Takeshi 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAimThe indication for hepatectomy is still controversial in elderly patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We examined the clinicopathological features and survival of 188 HCC patients who underwent hepatectomy.Patients/MethodsPatients were divided into four age groups: Age<50 group (young patients <50 years of age, n = 9), Age50–69 group (between 50–69 years, n = 110), Age70–79 group (70–79 years, n = 57), and Age≥80 group (≥80 years, n = 12). Physiologic ability and surgical stress (E‐PASS) score, including preoperative risk score (PRS), surgical stress score (SSS), and comprehensive risk score (CRS) were assessed.ResultsProportion of patients of Age70–79 and Age≥80 groups increased significantly in the last 5 years (P < 0.01). Co‐morbidity, performance status, and American Society of Anesthesiologists score significantly increased with age (P < 0.05). Proportions of patients with irregular findings and necro‐inflammatory activity were significantly lower in Age70–79 and Age≥80 groups than in other groups (P < 0.05). Systemic postoperative complications were high in Age70–79 and Age≥80 groups. PRS increased significantly with age (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis identified PRS ≥0.32 and age ≥70 years as significant determinants of systemic complications (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in postoperative survivals among the groups.ConclusionsCareful follow‐up and proper decision on hepatectomy upon assessment of PRS are important in elderly HCC patients. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011; 104:284–291. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determination of rosiglitazone and metformin in human serum by CE‐ESI‐MS
Authors: Znaleziona Joanna , Maier Vítězslav , Ranc Václav , Ševčík Juraj 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA new method for the determination of anti‐diabetic drugs metformin and rosiglitazone based on the use of capillary electrophoresis with electrospray mass spectrometry was developed. The proposed method allowed their separation within 11 min by using 50 mM formic acid at +20 kV. Positive electrospray ionization and selected ion monitoring [M+H]+ of metformin (m/z=130) and rosiglitazone (m/z=358) were performed. Several important experimental parameters influencing electrospray ionization of metformin and rosiglitazone were studied. The final composition of sheath liquid was water/methanol/formic acid (50:49.5:0.5, v/v/v), at a flow rate of 2 μL/min. The developed method was applied for the determination of metformin and rosiglitazone simultaneously in human serum after protein precipitation with acetonitrile. The limits of detection of developed method were 4.42 and 2.14 ng/mL for rosiglitazone and for metformin, respectively, which is sufficient for therapeutic serum concentration levels monitoring for both studied drugs.