bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amount of hemorrhage during vaginal delivery correlates with length from placental edge to external os in cases with low‐lying placenta whose length between placental edge and internal os was 1–2 cm
Authors: Nakamura Masamitsu , Hasegawa Junichi , Matsuaka Ryu , Mimura Takashi , Ichizuka Kiyotake , Sekizawa Akihiko , Okai Takashi 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAim:  The aim of the present study was to investigate whether amount of hemorrhage during a vaginal delivery associates with the cervical length, length from the placental edge to the os and the sum of the two in cases with a low‐lying placenta.Material and Methods:  A retrospective study was performed on cases with low‐lying placenta diagnosed at 35–36 weeks of gestation based on a distance of 1–2 cm from the lower placental edge to the internal os, and subject to the trial of labor. The total amount of intrapartum hemorrhage in association with the distance from the placental lowest edge to the internal os (placenta–internal os distance, A); cervical length, B; and sum of the two (placenta–external os distance; A + B) were reviewed from our medical records.Results:  Twenty‐three cases of low‐lying placenta that underwent trial of labor were analyzed. Twenty (87%) of 23 patients with low‐lying placenta delivered transvaginally and patients underwent emergency cesarean section due to intrapartum bleeding. The length from the placental edge to the external os (length from placental edge to internal os + cervical length) was correlated significantly with the total amount of hemorrhage during delivery (r = −0.598, P = 0.004), though neither the length from the placental edge to the internal os nor the cervical lengths correlated with it.Conclusion:  Our results suggest that the length from the placental lowest edge to the external os negatively correlated with the amount of hemorrhage during vaginal delivery, but did not correlate with cervical length and distance from the placental edge to the internal os.
Deciduosis can cause remarkable leukocytosis and obscure abdominal pain
Authors: Kondoh Eiji , Shimizu Misao , Kakui Kazuyo , Mikami Yoshiki , Tatsumi Keiji , Konishi Ikuo 
Published: May 2012

AbstractRemarkable leukocytosis with obscure abdominal pain during pregnancy is clinically challenging for obstetricians. A 31‐year‐old pregnant woman developed persistently elevated white blood cell (approximately 30 000/µL) and C‐reactive protein (3.0 mg/dL) with occasional moderate abdominal pain. At 29 gestational weeks, she underwent emergency cesarean section due to suspected abruptio placentae. Hemoperitoneum was observed with extensive hemorrhagic nodules on the peritoneal and omental surfaces. White blood cells rose 87 200/µL, and C‐reactive protein peaked at 44.9 mg/dL after surgery. Pathologically, biopsies showed deciduosis, and decidual cells on the omental surface showed immunohistochemical staining for granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF). Serum G‐CSF concentration was 339 pg/mL at 28 weeks, and that of ascites was 312 000 pg/mL at cesarean section. G‐CSF‐producing deciduosis can induce leukocytosis as well as abdominal pain during pregnancy and postpartum.
Predicting the distribution of the two bark beetlesTomicus destruensandTomicus piniperdain Europe and the Mediterranean region
Authors: Horn Agnès , Kerdelhué Carole , Lieutier François , Rossi Jean‐Pierre 
Published: May 2012

Various factors such as climate and resource availability influence the geographical distributions of organisms. Species sensitive to small temperature variations are known to experience rapid distribution shifts as a result of current global warming, sometimes leading to new threats to agriculture and forests.Tomicus piniperdaandTomicus destruens(Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) cause economic damage to pines in Europe and around the Mediterranean Basin. However, their respective potential distributions have not yet been studied at a large scale. The present study aimed to investigate the influence of climatic and host factors on the geographical distributions of bothTomicusspecies in Europe and around the Mediterranean Sea, and to establish maps of suitable areas.Using 114 published localities where the presence or absence of both species was unambiguously recorded, we gathered WorldClim meteorological records to correlate the occurrence of insects with bioclimatic variables and to build potential distribution maps.The two studiedTomicusspecies presented parapatric distributions and opposite climate demands, withT. destruensoccurring in locations with warmer temperatures, whereasT. piniperdaoccurs under a colder climate. Amongst the investigated climate variables, temperature appeared to be most correlated with both species distributions.The potential ranges of both species were further restricted by the availability of pine hosts. It appeared that setting new pine plantations in regions whereT. destruensorT. piniperdaare still absent could favour a rapid expansion of their distributions. Our data will be useful when aiming to apply management strategies adapted to each species, and to forecast their potential range expansions/contractions as a result of climate warming.
Facilitating children’s contributions in clinic? Findings from an in‐depth qualitative study with children with Type 1 diabetes
Authors: Curtis‐Tyler K. 
Published: May 2012

Diabet. Med. 29, 1303–1310 (2012)AbstractAims  There is a policy drive for children to contribute more directly in clinic visits. However, this has yet to be routinely achieved in practice and relatively little is known to date about younger children’s views of their illness and care. This in‐depth qualitative study set out to explore the experiences of children 10 years or younger living with Type 1 diabetes.Methods  The sample of 17 children was self‐selecting from a population of 140 children under 11 years receiving treatment for Type 1 diabetes at two outpatient clinics in a large, multicultural city. Fieldwork comprised home visits, discussion groups and observation in outpatient clinics.Results  Children’s strong experiential understandings of their condition, the impact of their social position on experiences of care and their active role in maintenance of the regimen were at odds with how they were positioned, and how the disease was discussed, in clinic.Conclusion  Findings have implications for facilitating children’s contributions in clinic, understanding how ideas about children are reproduced in clinical settings and supporting clinicians to engage with the capacities and priorities of children living with long‐term illness.
Confidentiality over fishing effort data threatens science and management progress
Authors: Hinz H , Murray L G , Lambert G I , Hiddink J G , Kaiser M J 
Published: May 2012

AbstractUnderstanding the effects of fishing fleets on both target and non‐target species and managing these effects are essential to achieve Good Environmental Status (GES) for marine ecosystems. The use of high resolution fishing effort data in environmental studies has allowed significant scientific progress with respect to the environmental impacts of real fishing fleets and provided a more realistic perspective on the wider ecological consequences of fishing disturbance. A new EU council regulation and its interpretation, aimed at protecting the confidentiality rights of individual fishers, are currently hampering scientific access to this high‐resolution effort data and thus are endangering the provision of management advice based on best available knowledge. This study argues that the withholding of this information will seriously undermine the quality and accuracy of scientific output and ultimately damage fishers' livelihoods through poorly advised management. Furthermore, the council regulation runs contrary to the EU's initiative for greater transparency and its commitment to implement an ecosystem approach to fisheries management and the preservation of ecosystem services. The interpretation of the new EU council regulation by local administrations can thus only be viewed as a significant step back from these aims. Ultimately, while trying to protect fishers' rights it may work to their disadvantage and that of society.
How can we sell evaluating, analyzing and synthesizing to young scientists?
Authors: Possingham H. P. 
Published: May 2012

Read the Feature Paper: Evaluating indices of conservation success: a comparative analysis of outcome‐ and output‐based indicesOther Commentaries on this paper: Getting what you pay for: the challenge of measuring success in conservationResponse from the authors: The view from the office is not all bad: conservation evaluation as a ‘sexy’ research goal
Conservation biogeography of the Antarctic
Authors: Terauds Aleks , Chown Steven L. , Morgan Fraser , J. Peat Helen , Watts David J. , Keys Harry , Convey Peter , Bergstrom Dana M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAimTo present a synthesis of past biogeographic analyses and a new approach based on spatially explicit biodiversity information for the Antarctic region to identify biologically distinct areas in need of representation in a protected area network.LocationAntarctica and the sub‐Antarctic.MethodsWe reviewed and summarized published biogeographic studies of the Antarctic. We then developed a biogeographic classification for terrestrial conservation planning in Antarctica by combining the most comprehensive source of Antarctic biodiversity data available with three spatial frameworks: (1) a 200‐km grid, (2) a set of areas based on physical parameters known as the environmental domains of Antarctica and (3) expert‐defined bioregions. We used these frameworks, or combinations thereof, together with multivariate techniques to identify biologically distinct areas.ResultsEarly studies of continental Antarctica typically described broad bioregions, with the Antarctic Peninsula usually identified as biologically distinct from continental Antarctica; later studies suggested a more complex biogeography. Increasing complexity also characterizes the sub‐Antarctic and marine realms, with differences among studies often attributable to the focal taxa. Using the most comprehensive terrestrial data available and by combining the groups formed by the environmental domains and expert‐defined bioregions, we were able to identify 15 biologically distinct, ice‐free, Antarctic Conservation Biogeographic Regions (ACBRs), encompassing the continent and close lying islands.Main conclusionsIce‐free terrestrial Antarctica comprises several distinct bioregions that are not fully represented in the current Antarctic Specially Protected Area network. Biosecurity measures between these ACBRs should also be developed to prevent biotic homogenization in the region.
Can small non‐peptide motilin agonists force a breakthrough as gastroprokinetic drugs?
Authors: Depoortere Inge 
Published: May 2012

GSK962040 is a small selective motilin receptor agonist currently under investigation in clinical trials for the treatment of conditions associated with delayed gastric emptying. As reported in this issue of the British Journal of Pharmacology, Broad et al., studied for the first time the region‐dependent contractile effects of motilin and GSK962040 in human smooth muscle strips. Both compounds facilitated cholinergically mediated contractions of human gastric antral muscle strips at low concentrations and induced smooth muscle contractions at high concentrations. The effect was less pronounced in the fundus and almost absent in the colon. The long‐lasting facilitation of cholinergic responses in the antrum by GSK962040 compared with the fading responses to motilin may be of importance from a clinical point of view. The approach used by Broad et al. with human tissue is a validated model to identify motilin receptor agonists with therapeutic value.LINKED ARTICLE This article is a commentary on Broad et al., pp. 763–774 of this issue. To view this paper visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1476‐5381.2012.02009.x
Treatment of whole blood with riboflavin plus ultraviolet light, an alternative to gamma irradiation in the prevention of transfusion‐associated graft‐versus‐host disease?
Authors: Fast Loren D. , Nevola Martha , Tavares Jennifer , Reddy Heather L. , Goodrich Ray P. , Marschner Susanne 
Published: May 2012

BACKGROUND:Exposure of blood products to gamma irradiation is currently the standard of care in the prevention of transfusion‐associated graft‐versus‐host disease (TA‐GVHD). Regulatory, technical, and clinical challenges associated with the use of gamma irradiators are driving efforts to develop alternatives. Pathogen reduction methods were initially developed to reduce the risk of microbial transmission by blood components. Through modifications of nucleic acids, these technologies interfere with the replication of both pathogens and white blood cells (WBCs). To date, systems for pathogen and WBC inactivation of products containing red blood cells are less well established than those for platelets and plasma.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:In this study, the in vitro and in vivo function of WBCs present in whole blood after exposure to riboflavin plus ultraviolet light (Rb‐UV) was examined and compared to responses of WBCs obtained from untreated or gamma‐irradiated blood by measuring proliferation, cytokine production, activation, and antigen presentation and xenogeneic (X‐)GVHD responses in an in vivo mouse model.RESULTS:In vitro studies demonstrated that treatment of whole blood with Rb‐UV was as effective as gamma irradiation in preventing WBC proliferation, but was more effective in preventing antigen presentation, cytokine production, and T‐cell activation. Consistent with in vitro findings, treatment with Rb‐UV was as effective as gamma irradiation in preventing X‐GVHD, a mouse model for TA‐GVHD.CONCLUSION:The ability to effectively inactivate WBCs in fresh whole blood using Rb‐UV, prior to separation into components, provides the transfusion medicine community with a potential alternative to gamma irradiation.
Effectiveness of Theophylline in Preventing Contrast‐Induced Nephropathy After Coronary Angiographic Procedures
Authors: BILASY MOHAMMED ELSHAWADFY M. , ORABY MOHAMMED A. , ISMAIL HUSSEIN M. , MAKLADY FATHI A. 
Published: May 2012

Background: Contrast‐induced nephropathy (CIN) is the third most common cause of hospital acquired acute renal failure and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The use of theophylline for prevention of CIN has yielded conflicting results. This study aimed at examining the effectiveness of theophylline in prevention of CIN when added to IV hydration and N‐acetylcysteine (NAC).
Methods: Patients with stable serum creatinine and at least moderate risk for CIN according to Mehran's risk score were included in this parallel group, 1:1, single‐blind, randomized controlled trial. All patients received IV hydration (1 mL/kg per hour for 24 hours) and NAC (600 mg bid for 2 days). Patients were randomized to placebo (group P) or theophylline (200 mg in 100 mL 0.9% saline, as IV infusion 30 minutes before contrast medium (CM) administration; group T). Patients underwent standard coronary angiography ± angioplasty. Serum creatinine (SCr) was assessed just before and 72 hours after contrast administration and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated.
Results: This study included 60 patients with mean SCr 1.44 ± 0.7 mg/dL and eGFR 60.2 ± 29.2 mL/min. Mean SCr among group T was 1.54 ± 0.7 mg/dL with eGFR 58.6 ± 28.6 mL/min, while group P showed mean SCr of 1.34 ± 0.7 mg/dL and eGFR of 61.8 ± 30.1 mL/min. Among group P, 6 (20%) patients developed CIN while none of the patients in group T developed CIN. In comparison to placebo, theophylline significantly decreased SCr (P = 0.0001) and increased eGFR (P = 0.001) at 72 hours. Multivariate regression analysis showed that receiving placebo instead of theophylline, anemia, congestive heart failure, chronic renal impairment, and high‐contrast load are all independent predictors for deteriorating renal function after CM administration.
Conclusion: Theophylline seems to be an effective prophylaxis against CIN for moderate‐ and high‐risk patients undergoing coronary angiography or angioplasty. It offers additive protection when added to IV hydration and NAC. (J Interven Cardiol 2012;25:404–410)
Generation of γ‐Al2O3 Microparticles by Hybrid Electrochemical‐Thermal Method and its Zn‐γ‐Al2O3 Composite Coating for Corrosion Protection
Authors: Chandrappa Kodihalli G. , Venkatesha Thimmappa V. 
Published: May 2012

Microcrystalline alumina (γ‐Al2O3) powder was successfully synthesized by hybrid electrochemical‐thermal method. The as‐synthesized powder was calcined for an hour at temperatures ranging from 60°C to 900°C. The crystallite size, morphology, and chemical state of the synthesized powders were characterized by powder XRD, TG‐DTA, XPS, SEM/EDAX, TEM and FT‐IR spectral methods. The effect of calcination temperature on crystallite size and morphology was assessed. Scanning electron photomicrographs show a cauliflower like morphology and EDAX measurement showed its chemical composition. Thermal behavior of as‐synthesized product was examined. The TEM result revealed that, the particles are cauliflower in nature with diameter of 0.2–0.5 μm. The crystallite size increased with increase of calcination temperature. The electrochemically generated γ‐Al2O3 powder was used to fabricate Zn‐γ‐Al2O3 composite thin films and its corrosion behavior was analyzed by anodic polarization, tafel extrapolation and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results indicate that the Zn‐γ‐Al2O3 composite thin films have potential applications to corrosion protection.
Levels of Selenomonas species in generalized aggressive periodontitis
Authors: Gonçalves L. F. H. , Fermiano D. , Feres M. , Figueiredo L. C. , Teles F. R. P. , Mayer M. P. A. , Faveri M. 
Published: May 2012

Gonçalves LFH, Fermiano D, Feres M, Figueiredo LC, Teles FRP, Mayer MPA, Faveri M. Levels of Selenomonas species in generalized aggressive periodontitis. J Periodont Res 2012; 47: 711–718. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/SBackground and Objective:  To compare the levels of Selenomonas sputigena and uncultivated/unrecognized Selenomonas species in subgingival biofilms from periodontally healthy subjects and from subjects with generalized aggressive periodontitis.Material and Methods:  Fifteen periodontally healthy subjects and 15 subjects with generalized aggressive periodontitis were recruited and their clinical periodontal parameters were evaluated. Nine subgingival plaque samples were collected from each subject and all were individually analyzed for the levels of 10 bacterial taxa, including cultured and uncultivated/unrecognized microorganisms, using the RNA‐oligonucleotide quantification technique. Between‐group differences in the levels of the test taxa were determined using the Mann–Whitney U‐test.Results:  Subjects with generalized aggressive periodontitis showed significantly higher mean counts of Porphyromonas gingivalis, S. sputigena and the Mitsuokella sp. Human Oral Taxon (HOT) 131 (previously described as Selenomonas sp. oral clone CS002), while higher mean counts of Actinomyces gerencseriae and Streptococcus sanguinis were found in periodontally healthy subjects (p < 0.01). Selenomonas sp. HOT 146 was only detected in the generalized aggressive periodontitis group. In the generalized aggressive periodontitis group, the levels of P. gingivalis and S. sputigena were higher in deep sites (probing depth ≥ 5 mm) than in shallow sites (probing depth ≤ 3 mm) (p < 0.01). Furthermore, in subjects with generalized aggressive periodontitis, sites with probing depth of ≤ 3 mm harbored higher levels of these two species than sites with the same probing depth in periodontally healthy subjects. There were positive correlations between probing depth and the levels of P. gingivalis (r = 0.77; p < 0.01), S. sputigena (r = 0.60; p < 0.01) and Selenomonas dianae (previously described as Selenomonas sp. oral clone EW076) (r = 0.42, p < 0.05).Conclusion:  S. sputigena and Mitsuokella sp. HOT 131 may be associated with the pathogenesis of generalized aggressive periodontitis, and their role in the onset and progression of this infection should be investigated further.
A review of a paediatric emergency department vaccination programme for patients at risk of allergy/anaphylaxis
Authors: Cronin John , Scorr Annemarie , Russell Sinead , McCoy Siobhan , Walsh Sean , O’Sullivan Ronan 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAim:  We sought to review the clinical outcomes of patients referred to our emergency department (ED) vaccination service for children with a history of allergy or anaphylaxis or in whom there was a concern of a significant adverse reaction.Methods:  This was a prospective observational cohort study set in an urban tertiary Paediatric ED. All attendances for any childhood vaccination for a 5‐year period (from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2010) were included. Our primary outcome measure was any adverse reaction as a result of the vaccine administered.Results:  A total of 446 vaccines were administered during the study period in 374 patients. Of these vaccinations, 310 (69.5%) were Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR). The majority of patients (348, 93%) were referred from the community. Suspected egg allergy was the reason for the majority of referrals for MMR (261/310 (84.2%)). Only six patients (1.3%) experienced an immediate reaction to a vaccination. All reactions were minor.Conclusion:  This is one of the largest studies looking at childhood vaccinations performed in a hospital setting for children who are ‘at risk’ of allergy, anaphylaxis or hypersensitivity. A significant number of referrals were unwarranted and the majority could have been safely managed in the community.
Geriatric dentistry – meet the need
Authors: Issrani Rakhi , Ammanagi Renuka , Keluskar Vaishali 
Published: May 2012

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2010.00423.xGeriatric dentistry – meet the needGeriatric dentistry or gerodontics is the delivery of dental care to older adults involving the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of problems associated with normal ageing and age‐related diseases as part of an inter‐disciplinary team with other health care professionals. Geriatric health is an ignored and under‐explored area worldwide. Oral health reflects overall well being for the elderly population. Conversely, elderly patients are more predisposed to oral conditions due to age‐related systemic diseases and functional changes. The major barriers to practising geriatric dentistry are the lack of trained faculty members, a crowded curriculum and monetary concerns. For successful treatment, the practitioner must adopt a humanitarian approach and develop a better understanding of the feelings and attitudes of the elderly. Prevention and early intervention strategies must be formulated to reduce the risk of oral diseases in this population. In future, dental professionals must have a proper understanding of the magnitude of the services to be provided to the elderly. This could only be realised through an education programme in geriatric dentistry, which should be started without further delay. This article hence sets out the objectives, needs, present scenario, strategies and types of dental treatment required by the elderly population.