bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mycobacterium smegmatisExpressing a Chimeric Protein MPT64-Proteolipid Protein (PLP) 139–151 Reorganizes the PLP-Specific T Cell Repertoire Favoring a CD8-Mediated Response and Induces a Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Nicolò Chiara , Sali Michela , Di Sante Gabriele , Geloso Maria Concetta , Signori Emanuela , Penitente Romina , Uniyal Shashi , Rinaldi Monica , Ingrosso Loredana , Fazio Vito Michele , Chan Bosco M. C. , Delogu Giovanni , Ria Francesco 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWe infected SJL mice with a recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis expressing a chimeric protein containing the self-epitope of proteolipid protein 139–151 (p139) fused to MPT64, a secreted protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (rMSp139). Infected mice developed a relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), showing a prevailing demyelination of the CNS, and disease severity was significantly lower in comparison with the one that follows immunization with p139. rMSp139 was not detected in lymph node or spleen in the course of clinical disease development or in the CNS during relapse. Infection with rMSp139 modified the p139-specific T cell repertoire, recruiting the spontaneous p139-specific repertoire and activating CD4+ T cells carrying the BV4 semiprivate rearrangement. T cells carrying the public BV10 rearrangement that are consistently found in the CNS during flares of disease were not activated by infection with rMSp139 because lymph node APCs infected with rMSp139 selectively fail to present the epitope for which BV10 cells are specific. Simultaneously, rMSp139 expanded p139-specific CD8+ cells more efficiently than immunization with peptide in adjuvant. SJL mice vaccinated against the CDR3 sequence of the BV10 public rearrangement reduced usage of the BV10 cells and displayed reduced symptoms during bouts of EAE. Thus, transient peripheral infection with a CNS-cross–reactive nonpathogenic Mycobacterium induces a relapsing EAE that continues long after clearance of the infectious agent. The composition of the self-reactive repertoire activated determines severity and histology of the resulting disease.
Protective Roles of B and T Lymphocyte Attenuator in NKT Cell-Mediated Experimental Hepatitis
Authors: Iwata Arifumi , Watanabe Norihiko , Oya Yoshihiro , Owada Takayoshi , Ikeda Kei , Suto Akira , Kagami Shin-ichiro , Hirose Koichi , Kanari Hiroko , Kawashima Saki , Nakayama Toshinori , Taniguchi Masaru , Iwamoto Itsuo , Nakajima Hiroshi 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Although B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) was originally identified as an inhibitory coreceptor selectively expressed on Th1 cells and B cells, recent studies have revealed that BTLA is expressed on a variety of cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells, and NK cells, and modulates their functions. However, the role of BTLA in the regulation of NKT cell function remains unknown. In this study, we found that BTLA was expressed on NKT cells at the levels similar to those on T cells and that BTLA-deficient (BTLA−/−) NKT cells produced larger amounts of IL-4 and IFN-γ upon α-glactosylceramide stimulation as compared with wild-type (WT) NKT cells. In vivo, BTLA−/− mice produced larger amounts of IL-4 and IFN-γ upon Con A injection and were more susceptible to Con A-induced hepatitis than WT mice. In addition, the augmentation of Con A-induced hepatitis in BTLA−/− mice was not observed in BTLA/NKT-double deficient mice. Moreover, NKT−/− mice reconstituted with BTLA−/− NKT cells were significantly more susceptible to Con A-induced hepatitis as compared with NKT −/− mice reconstituted with WT NKT cells. These results suggest that BTLA functions as the inhibitory coreceptor of NKT cells and plays a critical role in the prevention of NKT cell-mediated liver injury.
Increased Killing of Liver NK Cells by Fas/Fas Ligand and NKG2D/NKG2D Ligand Contributes to Hepatocyte Necrosis in Virus-Induced Liver Failure
Authors: Zou Yong , Chen Tao , Han Meifang , Wang Hongwu , Yan Weiming , Song Ge , Wu Zeguang , Wang Xiaojing , Zhu Chuanlong , Luo Xiaoping , Ning Qin 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
The role of liver NK cells in virus-induced severe viral hepatitis and, subsequently, hepatic failure is not well defined. In this study, we investigated the role of liver NK cells in the development of hepatocyte necrosis in fulminant hepatic failure (FHF)and acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) because of viral infection. A mouse model of FHF induced by murine hepatitis virus strain 3 (MHV-3) was used to study the role of liver NK cells. Samples from patients with hepatitis B virus-related ACLF (HBV-ACLF) were examined. After MHV-3 infection, the number of NK cells in livers of BALB/cJ mice increased markedly, peaked at 48 h postinfection, and remained at a high level until sacrifice. In peripheral blood, spleen, and bone marrow, this number decreased significantly. Expression of CD69, cytotoxic activity, and intracellular IFN-γ and TNF-α production by liver NK cells at 48 h postinfection were all significantly upregulated. Depletion of NK cells 24 h post-MHV-3 infection increased the mice survival from 0 of 18 (0%) to 4 of 18 (22.2%). Highly activated liver NK cells were cytotoxic to MHV-3-infected hepatocytes and this effect was markedly inhibited by anti-Fas ligand (FasL) plus anti-NKG2D mAbs. Furthermore, the accumulation of hepatic NK cells and increased expression of FasL and natural cytotoxicity receptors (NKp30 and NKp46) on the peripheral NK cells from patients with HBV-ACLF were correlated with disease progression. These results indicate NK cells play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of FHF and HBV-ACLF, in which process Fas/FasL and NKG2D/NKG2D ligand pathway contribute to the liver NK cell-mediated hepatocyte injury.
CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells Resist a Novel Form of CD28- and Fas-Dependent p53-Induced T Cell Apoptosis
Authors: Singh Nagendra , Yamamoto Mutsumi , Takami Mariko , Seki Yoichi , Takezaki Mayuko , Mellor Andrew L. , Iwashima Makio 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Ag receptor stimulation of preactivated T cells causes rapid cell death in an IL-2– and Fas-dependent manner. This phenomenon, known as activation-induced cell death (AICD), plays a pivotal role in the removal of Ag-reactive T cells after initial expansion. In this study, we report a novel form of T cell apoptosis that is distinct from classic AICD. When peripheral T cells were activated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 Abs precoated onto plastic plates, CD4+CD25− and CD8 T cells initially expanded but underwent massive apoptosis after 4 d. Unlike classic AICD, this type of T cell apoptosis pathway requires engagement of CD28 and expression of p53, a tumor-suppressor gene. The most striking feature of this form of apoptosis was regulatory T cell resistance. Under the same stimulating conditions, CD4+CD25+ T cells grew continuously beyond 4 d. Consequently, when the entire CD4 population was cultured with plate-bound anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 Ab, CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells outgrew nonregulatory T cells and expanded &gt;7000-fold after 11 d. The data presented herein demonstrate a novel process of Ag-induced T cell death by sustained TCR and CD28 engagement and represent a simple and efficient procedure for the expansion of regulatory T cells in vitro.
γδ T Lymphocytes Count Is Normal and Expandable in Peripheral Blood of Patients with Follicular Lymphoma, Whereas It Is Decreased in Tumor Lymph Nodes Compared with Inflammatory Lymph Nodes
Authors: Braza Mounia Sabrina , Caraux Anouk , Rousset Thérèse , Lafaye de Micheaux Sylvie , Sicard Hélène , Squiban Patrick , Costes Valérie , Klein Bernard , Rossi Jean-François 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
γδ T lymphocytes are attractive effector cells for immunotherapy. In vitro, they can be expanded and kill efficiently a variety of tumor cells. The frequency and distribution of γδ T lymphocytes were compared in tumor lymph nodes of 51 patients with follicular lymphoma lymph nodes (FL-LNs) and 28 patients with inflammatory lymph nodes (I-LNs). γδ and CD8 T lymphocytes were less abundant in FL-LNs than in I-LNs (p ≤ 10−7). These lymphocytes were localized in the perifollicular zone outside of the tumor follicles. Perifollicular γδ T lymphocytes expressed CCR7, in contrast to peripheral blood γδ T lymphocytes and both perifollicular and peripheral blood γδ T lymphocytes expressed CXCR4. The very low number of perifollicular γδ T lymphocytes in FL-LNs could be explained in part by migratory problems because of absence of CCL19 expression in FL-LNs compared with I-LNs. Conversely, CCL21 and CXCL12 were similarly expressed in both FL-LNs and I-LNs. CCL19 and CCL21 were expressed in high endothelial venules and lymphatic vessels, whereas CXCL12 was expressed by stromal cells surrounding high endothelial venules and lymphatic vessels. Peripheral γδ T lymphocytes from 34 patients with FL, expanded with Phosphostim and IL-2 in vitro, had the same expansion capacity as those from healthy individuals. Thus, γδ T lymphocytes can be an attractive source for adoptive immunotherapy in patients with FL, providing they may home in tumor LNs.
The Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Encoded Glycoprotein B Diverts HLA-DR into the Exosome Pathway
Authors: Temme Sebastian , Eis-Hübinger Anna M. , McLellan Alexander D. , Koch Norbert 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Neutralizing Abs play an important role for immunity against HSV-1 infection. This branch of the immune response is initiated by MHC class II Ag presentation and activation of T cell help. In this study, we show that the HSV-1 encoded glycoprotein B (gB) manipulates the class II processing pathway by perturbing endosomal sorting and trafficking of HLA-DR (DR) molecules. Expression of gB in the human melanoma cell line Mel JuSo results in formation of enlarged DR+ intracellular vesicles. Costaining of the vesicles revealed the presence of DR, gB, and the late endosomal marker CD63. The lumen of these late endosomal membranes shows a variable content, containing either gB or CD63, or both CD63 and gB. gB targets DR molecules on their biosynthetic route, after the MHC class II invariant chain is released from the DR heterodimer. gB-DR complexes were detected in a post-Golgi compartment and in exosomes, but not on the cell surface. Interestingly, increasing expression of gB strongly elevated the amount of DR and CD63 released into the exosome pathway. In conclusion, this is a previously undescribed mode of viral immune evasion involving hijacking of DR from its normal transport route to the cell surface, followed by viral-mediated release of DR into the exosome pathway.
Trafficking, Persistence, and Activation State of Adoptively Transferred Allogeneic and Autologous Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cell Clones during Acute and Chronic Infection of Rhesus Macaques
Authors: Bolton Diane L. , Minang Jacob T. , Trivett Matthew T. , Song Kaimei , Tuscher Jennifer J. , Li Yuan , Piatak Michael , O’Connor David , Lifson Jeffrey D. , Roederer Mario , Ohlen Claes 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Despite multiple lines of evidence suggesting their involvement, the precise role of CD8+ T cells in controlling HIV replication remains unclear. To determine whether CD8+ T cells can limit retroviral replication in the absence of other immune responses, we transferred 1–13 × 109 allogeneic in vitro expanded SIV-specific CD8+ T cell clones matched for the relevant restricting MHC-I allele into rhesus macaques near the time of i.v. SIV challenge. Additionally, in vitro expanded autologous SIV-specific CD8+ T cell clones were infused 4–9 mo postinfection. Infused cells did not appreciably impact acute or chronic viral replication. The partially MHC-matched allogeneic cells were not detected in the blood or most tissues after 3 d but persisted longer in the lungs as assessed by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Autologous cells transferred i.v. or i.p. were found in BAL and blood samples for up to 8 wk postinfusion. Interestingly, despite having a nominally activated phenotype (CD69+HLA-DR+), many of these cells persisted in the BAL without dividing. This suggests that expression of such markers by T cells at mucosal sites may not reflect recent activation, but may instead identify stable resident memory T cells. The lack of impact following transfer of such a large number of functional Ag-specific CD8+ T cells on SIV replication may reflect the magnitude of the immune response required to contain the virus.
Stored Fas Ligand, a Mediator of Rapid CTL-Mediated Killing, Has a Lower Threshold for Response Than Degranulation or Newly Synthesized Fas Ligand
Authors: He Jin-Shu , Gong Dong-Er , Ostergaard Hanne L. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
CTL lyse target cells through the release of cytolytic granule mediators and expression of the death receptor ligand Fas ligand (FasL). We previously demonstrated that FasL is stored in vesicles distinct from cytolytic granules and is translocated to the cell surface within 15 min of TCR stimulation, followed by a later wave of newly synthesized FasL cell surface expression at 2 h poststimulation. Initial studies suggested that the two FasL responses had different signaling thresholds. To test this possibility directly, we titrated Ag presented to murine CTL to measure FasL and degranulation response thresholds. Stored FasL translocation to the cell surface required substantially lower concentrations of peptide than was required for de novo expression of FasL and degranulation. Furthermore, a low-affinity agonist peptide stimulated strong stored FasL translocation but only limited de novo FasL expression and degranulation. These data imply that the two FasL populations may have distinct functions. We examined bystander killing and found that the rapidly expressed FasL triggered highly specific lysis of target cells, as did degranulation. In contrast, the newly synthesized later wave of FasL mediated extensive Fas-dependent bystander killing. Our data indicate that stored FasL is mobilized in response to low concentrations of Ag to mediate rapid, highly specific lysis of target cells, whereas the later, newly synthesized FasL requires higher concentrations of Ag and mediates indiscriminate lysis. These findings suggest that early and late FasL and degranulation represent nonredundant lytic mechanisms that have been selected for distinct situations, possibly for optimal pathogen clearance.
Diesel Exhaust Particles Stimulate Adaptive Immunity by Acting on Pulmonary Dendritic Cells
Authors: Provoost Sharen , Maes Tania , Willart Monique A. M. , Joos Guy F. , Lambrecht Bart N. , Tournoy Kurt G. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Particulate matter, such as diesel exhaust particles (DEPs), modulate adaptive immune responses in the lung; however, their mechanism of action remains largely unclear. Pulmonary dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial mediators in regulating immune responses. We hypothesized that the immunomodulatory effects of DEPs are caused by alteration of DC function. To test this, we instilled mice with DEPs and examined the pulmonary DC recruitment and maturation, their migration to the mediastinal lymph node (MLN), and the subsequent T cell response. We demonstrated that exposure to DEPs increased DC numbers in the bronchoalveolar lavage and the lungs and that DEPs increased the maturation status of these DCs. DEP exposure also enhanced the DC migration to the MLN. Moreover, we showed that DEPs themselves were transported to the MLN in a CCR7- and DC-dependent manner. This resulted in an enhanced T cell recruitment and effector differentiation in the MLN. These data suggest that DEP inhalation modulates immune responses in the lung via stimulation of DC function.
Murine IgG1 and IgG3 Isotype Switch Variants Promote Phagocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans through Different Receptors
Authors: Saylor Carolyn A. , Dadachova Ekaterina , Casadevall Arturo 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Almost 3 decades ago, murine IgG3 was proposed to interact with a different receptor than the other IgG subclasses, but the issue remains unresolved. The question of whether a specific receptor exists for IgG3 is critically important for understanding Ab-mediated immunity against Cryptococcus neoformans, where the different isotypes manifest profound differences in protective efficacy. In this study, we revisited this question by analyzing IgG1- and IgG3-mediated phagocytosis with variable region-identical mAbs using mouse macrophages deficient in various receptors and in conditions of FcγR and complement receptor blockage with specific Abs. IgG3 was an efficient opsonin for C. neoformans in FcγR- and CD18-deficient cells and in the presence of blocking Abs to FcγR and complement receptor. Like IgG1, IgG3-mediated phagocytosis was associated with fungal residence in a mature phagosome that was followed by intracellular replication and exocytosis events. We conclude that a specific receptor for IgG3 exists in mice that is structurally different from the known FcγRs.
Risks associated with tendinitis: effects from demographic, socioeconomic, and psychological status among Brazilian workers
Authors: Frazão Paulo , Costa Carla Maria , de Almeida Márcia Furquim 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackgroundSelf‐reported tendinitis/tenosynovitis was evaluated by gender, age group, skin color, family income, and educational and psychological status.Methods!The study was carried out in a representative sample of formally contracted Brazilian workers from a household survey. A total of 54,660 participants were included. Occupations were stratified according to estimated prevalences of self‐reported injuries. Non‐conditional logistic regression was performed, and all variables were analyzed in two occupational groups.ResultsThe overall prevalence rate of tendinitis/tenosynovitis was 3.1%: 5.5% in high‐prevalence occupations (n = 10,726); and 2.5% in low‐prevalence occupations (n = 43,934). White female workers between the ages of 45 and 64 years and at a higher socioeconomic level were more likely to report tendinitis/tenosynovitis regardless of their occupational category. An adjusted OR = 3.59 [95% CI: 3.15‐‐4.09] was found between tendinitis/tenosynovitis and psychological status.ConclusionAmong formally contracted Brazilian workers, higher income can imply greater physical and psychological demands that, regardless of occupational stratum, increase the risk of tendinitis/tenosynovitis. Am. J. Ind. Med. 53:72–79, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Back problems among emergency medical services professionals: The LEADS health and wellness follow‐up study
Authors: Studnek Jonathan R. , Crawford J. Mac , Wilkins J.R. , Pennell Michael L. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjectiveDescribe work‐life and demographic characteristics associated with reporting recent back pain, and estimate back pain severity among Emergency Medical Services (EMS) professionals.MethodsA 58‐item postal questionnaire was used to collect relevant health and wellness information from a national sample of EMS professionals. The outcome variables were self‐reported pain in the back or legs, and severity of recent back pain as indicated by the Aberdeen Back Pain Scale (ABPS).ResultsThere were 470/930 (50.5%) participants who reported one or more days of pain in the back or legs over a 2‐week period. The variables most strongly associated with recent back pain and pain severity were prior back problems, self‐reported health, and job satisfaction.ConclusionThis study indicated that work‐life, health, and demographic characteristics of EMS professionals were associated with reporting recent back pain. Am. J. Ind. Med. 53:12–22, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
South Africa's export trade in asbestos: Demise of an industry
Authors: Harington John S. , McGlashan Neil D. , Chelkowska Elzbieta Z. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackgroundSouth Africa's export of each of its three types of asbestos, crocidolite, amosite, and chrysotile, and the total amounts to 84 countries in metric tonnes is examined over a 24‐year period, 1980–2003.MethodsFor convenience, the countries are divided into nine world regional groups, Europe, Eastern Europe, North America with the Caribbean, South America, Africa, Middle East, Far East, South Asia, and Oceania.ResultsThe three greatest importing countries of total asbestos in metric tonnes were all in the Far East region, ranging from Japan, South Korea to Thailand, and followed by USA and Italy. All exports to all countries diminished steadily as the South African trade came virtually to an end by 2003, due to ever increasing international pressure.ConclusionThe export trade has changed significantly since 1960 from being dominantly to European countries to being directed in recent years to the Far East, with serious implications for asbestos‐related ill‐health in those countries. Am. J. Ind. Med. 53:524–534, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes catalyzed by β‐amino alcohols derived from (1R,2S)‐norephedrine
Authors: Tasgin Dilek Isik , Unaleroglu Canan 
Published: November 2009

Abstractβ‐Amino alcohols derived from (1R,2S)‐norephedrine were synthesized and used as ligands in the catalytic enantioselective diethylzinc addition to benzaldehydes. N‐alkylated (1R,2S)‐norephedrine‐based derivative 3a gave the highest enantioselectivity. The effects of different parameters on the enantioselectivity of the product were investigated. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular‐selective adsorption property of chemically surface modified nanoporous alumina membrane by di(1‐naphthyl)silanediol to anthracenes
Authors: Kakiage Kenji , Kyomen Toru , Unno Masafumi , Hanaya Minoru 
Published: November 2009

AbstractNano‐porous alumina membrane (NPAM) formed by the anodic oxidation of aluminum is an attractive composite as the base material for a functional filter, because of its honeycombed ordered structure with large surface area per weight and also high shape stability. In this work, we investigated the adsorption properties of the NPAM possessing π‐electron systems on the surface, which were produced through chemical surface modification by di(1‐naphthyl)silanediol, to aromatic compounds using anthracenes as typical aromatic compounds. The chemically surface‐modified NPAM exhibited strong affinity to anthracene molecules and the affinity was observed to be weakened remarkably with the introduction of methyl and phenyl substituents to anthracene, indicating a molecular‐selective adsorption property of the NPAM. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design, synthesis, characterization and antibacterial properties of copper(II) complexes with chromone‐derived compounds
Authors: Chohan Zahid H. , Iqbal Mohammad S. , Aftab Syed K. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA new series of six chromone‐derived compounds and their Cu(II) complexes was synthesized and characterized by their physical, spectral and analytical data The elemental analysis data of the complexes agree well with the proposed composition of the compounds, which were found to be dimeric in nature with two hydrazine molecules bridging the two copper atoms through coordination. The ligands and their Cu(II) complexes were screened for their in‐vitro antibacterial activity against four Gram‐negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Shigella flexneri) and two Gram‐positive (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus) bacterial strains by the agar‐well diffusion method. The ligands were found to exhibit either no or low to moderate activities against one or more of the bacterial species, whereas all the metal complexes exhibited moderate to high activities against different bacterial species. The ligands which were inactive before complexation turned active and less active ones became more active upon coordination with copper ions. Overall, the complexes 7–12 showed comparatively much higher activities than the ligands. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.