bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive Review of Drugs Determined by Spectrophotometry using Vanillin as a Chromogenic Reagent in the Past Decade
Authors: Naraparaju Swathi , Barla Karuna Devi , Chaganti Soujanya , Anumolu Pani Kumar D. , Sunkara Sruthi 
Published: June 2024

:
Many analytical techniques have been used in quality control, such as spectrophotometry,
spectrofluorimetry, HPLC, and other hyphenated techniques. Among them, spectrophotometry
is considered to be one of the most commonly used simple techniques. Drugs that
lack chromogenic groups can be readily determined by using the chromogenic reagents, which
react with the functional groups present in the drugs and produce a chromogenic group that can
be detected in the visible region using a spectrophotometer. Chromogenic reagents play a vital
role in the estimation of such types of drugs. Vanillin is one of the chromogenic reagents that
possess a carbonyl group that reacts with the drugs that possess amine moiety and results in the
formation of Schiff’s base, which is a yellow-colored compound that can be detected by spectrophotometry.
The present review gives insights into the reaction conditions and applications
of the drugs that are estimated by using vanillin as a chromogenic label.
The Smart Drug Delivery of Rotigotine Using Transdermal Patch for the
Successful Management of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Dharmian Jose Prakash , PushpaNathan Angelin Claret Seraphim , Ramakrishnan Prakash , Subramanian Raja Navamani , Levy Jayachandran David , Palani Pavazhaviji , Krishnaswami Venkateshwaran 
Published: June 2024

Background:
A Non-Ergot Dopamine Agonist (NEDA) rotigotine has been designed
as a new transdermal drug delivery system.

Aim:
To maintain optimum homogeneity in drug content, the rotigotine transdermal patch was
developed utilizing a solvent casting technique.

Methods:
The characteristics of a transdermal patch, including patch weight, folding endurance,
patch thickness, surface morphology, tensile strength, swelling rate, surface pH, in vitro release
studies, water retention rate, uniformity of drug content, and ex-vivo permeation studies, were
determined.

Results:
In vitro drug release studies unequivocally demonstrated that drug release controlled
polymer interactions. There was no apparent lag period before the drug release rate started to
decline.
The developed patch showed 70 ± 1.18 % of prolongation of drug release within 24 hours. The
result of the penetration studies demonstrated that 61 ± 2.52% of rotigotine permeated through
the epidermal barrier within 24 h.

Conclusion:
The developed transdermal patch comprising rotigotine was evidently placed on
the dermis layer, and an appropriate dose was delivered into circulation for a longer time based
on the aforementioned factors. The findings of this study illustrate the effective approach of
transdermal patches to treat Parkinson's disease.
An Efficient and Magnetically Retrievable Mixed Metal Oxide Nanocatalyst for the Aqueous Media Three-Component Synthesis of Naphtho [1,2-e] [1,3] Oxazine Derivatives Under Green Conditions
Authors: Deldar Fatemeh , Shahri Mahnaz Mahdavi 
Published: June 2024

Background:
In recent years, the use of nanomaterials as heterogeneous catalysts has
attracted much attention in organic reactions.

Methods:
A magnetically separable mixed metal oxide, Manganese Zinc Iron Oxide
(Mn2O3/Fe3O4/ZnO) nanoparticles as nanocatalyst (Mmo@NCt) were synthesized using ultrasonic
wave methods in the presence of polyethylene glycol as surfactant. In the second part of the present
study, a practical procedure for the one-pot ternary condensation of aromatic aldehydes, β-naphthol,
and urea in short reaction time for the synthesis of pharmaceutically interesting naphtho[1,2-
e][1,3]oxazine derivatives using Mmo@NCt as an efficient, cost-effective and recyclable nanocatalyst
under green conditions has been developed.

Results:
The analysis of phase purity, magnetic structure, size, and morphology of the as-synthesized
nanocatalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction, VSM, SEM, and EDX techniques. The
results of SEM imaging showed that all compounds have a spherical morphological structure with
a mean diameter of 16.50 ± 3.94 nm. The structure of the products was confirmed by FT-IR, 1HNMR
spectroscopy, and melting point.

Conclusion:
This project was designed and performed with the use of magnetic nanocatalysts as a
suitable method with high efficiency a shorter time for the synthesis of naphthoxazinones heterocyclic
compounds due to the medicinal importance of water as a green solvent.
Advancing Precision Medicine with Nanosensor: Emerging Technologies for Early Diagnosis of Heart Disease
Authors: Ray Chowdhury Sejuti , Ghosh Sourav , Rahaman Monosiz , Dutta Srabona 
Published: June 2024

Abstract:
Precision medicine has emerged as a promising approach for personalized healthcare,
particularly in the field of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Diagnostic approach in early basis
plays a crucial impact in improving patient outcomes, as it permits timely intervention and
tailored treatment strategies. Nanosensors, with their unique properties and capabilities, offer
groundbreaking opportunities for detection in the primary phase and as well as disease monitoring.
The basic fundamental principles of Nanosensors are important to understand the mechanism
of working and utilization of the technique. Cardiac diseases are the foremost origin of illness and
mortality all over the globe. The physical, biological and pathophysiology of CVDs can be precisely
identified by appropriate and exact detection of pertinent biomarkers and function limits.
Nanosensors basically incorporate the benefit of Nanomaterials for detection methods. Nanosensors
generally exposed a great possible approach for speedy detection of CVDs, specifically in primary
prophecy. Advancement of current therapy in Nanosensors for recognition of cardiac disease
are briefed, including different types of sensors such as optical, electrochemical, paper-based and
pressure Nanosensors. Though Nanoparticles raise the impact on health, there are some limitations
in scalability, and standardization of the Nanosensor having good selectivity, efficacy, sensitivity,
biocompatibility and limit of detection as compared to the conventional way. Project tactics
for various Nanosensors via conforming identifying Nanomaterials, with their mechanistic approach,
highlight the potential of precision medicine as well as Nanosensor.
Sustainable Green Synthesis and Molecular Docking Study of a Bis-Fused
System Incorporating Pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine using Nanocatalyst under
Microwave Condition
Authors: Eid Elshimaa M. 
Published: June 2024

Aims:
This study aimed to employ sustainable green methods in the synthesis of bisfused
cycles incorporating pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine moiety using a green catalyst nano ZnO
catalyst by one-pot, multicomponent reaction among 2,2'-(propane-1,3-diylbis(sulfanediyl))
bis(6-aminopyrimidin-4(3H)-one) 3, 1H-indene-1,3(2H)-dione 4, and aromatic aldehydes 5.

Method:
The reactions proceeded with both conventional and microwave (MW) irradiation methods.

Result::
The microwave-assisted method carried out the reaction in 10 min and had high yields
(89-95%).

Conclusion:
A molecular docking simulation study was conducted using human serum albumin
(PDB: ID (2XVQ)). The study revealed that compounds strongly fit into the active sites of the target protein.
Canaries in the Coal Mine: On the Political Representation and Participation of Social Groups
Authors: Meier Petra 
Published: June 2024

Canaries used to be taken into the coal mines to warn miners for danger to come. Nowadays, the phrase is still used as an idiom describing a warning sign. Diversity and gender studies scholars resemble these canaries in some respects. They are occasionally put in cages, where they may even die, but where they can also sing. Contrary to those of the canaries, their songs are in themselves warning signs, underlining political and societal problems, and often danger to come. Many diversity and gender studies scholars are driven by a concern about structural inequalities, marginalization, and exclusion which certain social groups face in politics and society. The more they sing, the more danger there seems to be, whereas – for what I know – the silence of the canaries represents the danger. Note that a sudden silence of diversity and gender studies scholars represents a similar imminent danger, as we have unfortunately witnessed over the last couple of years. But the question here is what diversity and gender studies scholars are concerned about and warning for nowadays, more particularly when it comes to the political representation and participation of social groups.
Parental Patterns of Alcohol Consumption During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Scoping Review
Authors: Ou Christine , Corby Kathryn , Booth Kelsey , Ou Hui-Hui 
Published: June 2024

Background
The declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic led to public health restrictions that impacted the lives of people across the globe. Parents were particularly burdened with balancing multiple responsibilities, such as working from home while caring for and educating their children. Alcohol use among parents is an area that warrants further exploration.

Objective
This study aimed to investigate patterns of parental alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on relative changes in the frequency and quantity of alcohol use compared to prepandemic use, nonparent adult samples, or both.

Methods
A scoping review informed by the methodology of Arksey and O’Malley explored patterns of parental alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic. Searches were conducted in CINAHL, Ovid MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. Search terms were created using the Joanna Briggs Institute framework of Population, Concept, and Context, with the population being parents and the concept being alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results
The database search yielded 3568 articles, which were screened for eligibility. Of the 3568 articles, 40 (1.12%) met the inclusion criteria and were included in the scoping review. Findings indicated the following: (1) having children at home was a factor associated with parental patterns of alcohol use; (2) mixed findings regarding gender-related patterns of alcohol consumption; and (3) linkages between parental patterns of alcohol use and mental health symptoms of stress, depression, and anxiety.

Conclusions
This scoping review revealed heterogeneous patterns in parental alcohol use across sociocultural contexts during the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the known harms of alcohol use, it is worthwhile for clinicians to assess parental drinking patterns and initiate conversations regarding moderation in alcohol use.
Audit Rate and Participant Pay Structure in Experimental Tax Research: A Review and Guide for Experimental Design
Authors: Hageman Amy M. , Schwebke Jason M. , West Ashley N. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
We conduct a review of audit rate and pay structure design choices made in tax compliance experiments published since 1990. We find experimental audit rates are frequently, but not always, employed in experimental tax research, and vary among reviewed studies. Experimental research often requires paying participants, but participant pay schemes differ among reviewed studies. This study investigates how audit rate and pay structure design choices impact taxpayer compliance behavior. We use the findings of our literature review to motivate a 4 (audit rate: unstated, 1, 15, or 30 percent) × 2 (pay structure: flat or incentive) experiment to investigate how these design choices impact compliance. Results show compliance is higher when the experimental audit rate is stated (versus unstated) and under a flat pay (versus incentive pay) structure. We demonstrate that these design choices affect the statistical characteristics of response data and provide design guidance to researchers.
Data Availability: Data are available from the authors upon request.
JEL Classifications: H24; H26; M41.
Cash versus Share Payouts in Relative Performance Plans
Authors: Timmermans Oscar 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
This study examines the risk taking properties associated with incentive plans that use relative performance evaluation, with a focus on the form of payout, whether in cash or shares. By analyzing determinants and consequences of payout form choice, I find that share-based plans offer risk-averse managers weaker incentives to pursue projects with idiosyncratic risk compared with cash plans. This occurs because share plans—unlike cash plans—expose managers to systematic performance trends, as payout values are linked to stock prices. Additionally, I document that the variation in risk taking incentives depends on expected relative performance and the strength of the incentives. Overall, this study’s findings suggest that commonly used share-based relative performance plans might not always motivate managers to pursue innovative projects with high idiosyncratic risk when projects with systematic risk are available.
Data Availability: All data are available from the sources identified in the text.
JEL Classifications: G30; J33; J41; M12; M41.
355-OR: Glycemic Outcomes with CGM Use in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes—Real-World Analysis
Authors: GARG SATISH K. , HIRSCH IRL B. , REPETTO ENRICO , ULMER BRIAN , PERKINS CHRISTOPHER , SNELL-BERGEON JANET K. , BERGENSTAL RICHARD M. 
Published: June 2024

Introduction & Objectives: While the benefits of CGM use in T1D are well documented, its efficacy across the spectrum of T2D patients in real-world settings has not been evaluated. We assessed the effects of CGM use in a large T2D adult population across the treatment spectrum, considering non-insulin therapies (NIT), basal insulin (BIT), and prandial insulin (PIT) with/without non-insulin medications.
Methods: This retrospective,12-month analysis used data from a large claims database that included &gt;7.1 million patients with T2D in the electronic medical records. The two observation periods were: pre-index period -- 360 days prior to patients' first CGM claim; and post-index period -- 360 days after to the first CGM claim. The index date (baseline) was the date of the first CGM claim between December 27, 2019, and January 5, 2022. The primary outcome was change in HbA1c closest to 12 months after CGM acquisition.
Results: The analysis included 16,410 adults with T2D (NIT, n=4,659; (BIT, n=6,182, and PIT, n=5,569) with mean baseline HbA1c 8.8% and mean age 59 years. At 12 months, the mean change in HbA1c was significant in all three subgroups compared with HbA1c levels in the pre-index period. (Figure)
Conclusions: In this 12-month, real-world study, CGM use was associated with significant improvements in glucose control in both non-insulin and insulin-treated patients with T2D.

Disclosure
S.K. Garg: Research Support; Eli Lilly and Company. Advisory Panel; Medtronic. Research Support; Medtronic. Advisory Panel; Novo Nordisk. Research Support; DarioHealth Corp., Dexcom, Inc., Diasome. Advisory Panel; Roche Diabetes Care. I.B. Hirsch: Advisory Panel; Abbott. Research Support; Dexcom, Inc. Advisory Panel; Roche Diabetes Care. Research Support; MannKind Corporation, Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. Advisory Panel; embecta. Research Support; Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. Advisory Panel; Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated. E. Repetto: Employee; Roche Diabetes Care. B. Ulmer: Employee; Roche Diabetes Care. C. Perkins: Employee; Roche Diabetes Care. J.K. Snell-Bergeon: None. R.M. Bergenstal: Other Relationship; Abbott. Research Support; Arkray Marketing. Consultant; Ascensia Diabetes Care, Bigfoot Biomedical, Inc., CeQur. Other Relationship; Dexcom, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company. Consultant; embecta, Hygieia. Research Support; Insulet Corporation. Consultant; MannKind Corporation. Other Relationship; Medtronic, Novo Nordisk. Consultant; Onduo LLC, Roche Diabetes Care. Other Relationship; Sanofi. Research Support; Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. Other Relationship; UnitedHealth Group. Consultant; Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Zealand Pharma A/S.

Funding
Roche Diabetes Care
Lifetime Medical Spending Attributed to Incident Type 2 Diabetes in Medicare Beneficiaries: A Longitudinal Study Using 1999–2019 National Medicare Claims
Authors: Shao Yixue , Wang Yu , Bigman Elizabeth , Imperatore Giuseppina , Holliday Christopher , Zhang Ping 
Published: June 2024

OBJECTIVE
To estimate lifetime incremental medical spending attributed to incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) among Medicare beneficiaries by age at diagnosis, sex, and race/ethnicity.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We used the 1999–2019 100% Medicare fee-for-service claims database to identify a cohort of beneficiaries with newly diagnosed T2D in 2001–2003 using ICD codes. We matched this cohort with a nondiabetes cohort using a propensity score method and then followed the two cohorts until death, disenrollment, or the end of 2019. Lifetime medical spending for each cohort was the sum of expected annual spending, a product of actual annual spending multiplied by the annual survival rate, from the age at T2D diagnosis to death. Lifetime incremental medical spending was calculated as the difference in lifetime medical spending between the two cohorts. All spending was standardized to 2019 U.S. dollars.

RESULTS
Medicare beneficiaries with newly diagnosed T2D, despite having a shorter life expectancy, had 36–40% higher lifetime medical spending compared with a comparable group without diabetes. Lifetime incremental medical spending ranged from $16,115 to $122,146, depending on age at diagnosis, sex, and race/ethnicity, declining with age at diagnosis, and being highest for Asian/Pacific Islander and non-Hispanic Black beneficiaries.

CONCLUSIONS
The large lifetime incremental medical spending associated with incident T2D underscores the need for preventing T2D among Medicare beneficiaries. Our results could be used to estimate the potential financial benefit of T2D prevention programs both overall and among subgroups of beneficiaries.
Perceived and physiological strains of societal participation in people with multiple sclerosis: a real-time assessment study
Authors: Gravesteijn Arianne S. , Ouwerkerk Maaike , Eijssen Isaline C.J.M. , Beckerman Heleen , De Groot Vincent 
Published: June 2024

Objective: To examine the relationship between perceived and physiological strains of real-time societal participation in people with multiple sclerosis.
Design: Observational study.
Subjects/Patients: 70 people with multiple sclerosis.
Methods: Perceived and physiological strain of societal participation (10 participation-at-location and 9 transport domains) were measured in real time using the Whereabouts smartphone app and Fitbit over 7 consecutive days. Longitudinal relationships between perceived (1 not strenuous to 10 most strenuous) and physiological strains (heart rate reserve) were examined using mixed-model analyses. Type of event (participation-at-location or transport) was added as covariate, with further adjustments for fatigue and walking ability.
Results: Median perceived strain, summarized for all societal participation domains, varied between 3 and 6 (range: 1–10), whereas physiological strain varied between 18.5% and 33.2% heart rate reserve. Perceived strain (outcome) and physiological strain were not associated (β -0.001, 95%CI -0.008; 0.005, with a 7-day longitudinal correlation coefficient of -0.001). Transport domains were perceived as less strenuous (β -0.80, 95%CI -0.92; -0.68). Higher fatigue levels resulted in higher perceived strain (all societal participation domains) (β 0.05, 95%CI 0.02; 0.08).
Conclusion: Societal participation resulted in low-to-moderate perceived and physiological strain. Perceived and physiological strain of societal participation were unrelated and should be considered different constructs in multiple sclerosis.
Pengaruh Media Pembelajaran Bolnet terhadap Hasil Belajar IPA pada Siswa Kelas VI SDN Jembulwunut Kecamatan Gunung Wungkal Kabupaten Pati
Authors: Lutfiana Alfi Ardilla , Khamdun Khamdun , Rondli Wawan Shokib 
Published: June 2024

Media pembelajaran merupakan suatu sarana/alat bantu pendidik untuk menyampaikan pesan ataupun informasi agar dapat diterima dengan baik dan menarik oleh peserta didik. Bolnet singkatan dari bola Planet adalah alat bantu yang digunakan oleh pendidik untuk memberikan materi planet tata surya kepada peserta didik. Media pembelajaran bolnet dapat memberikan kesempatan kepada peserta didik untuk lebih aktif dan berlatih menyampaikan informasi kepada kelompok lain dalam proses pembelajaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan Metode penelitian eksperimen, yaitu metode penelitian yang dilakukan dengan percobaan. Dalam penelitian ini sampel yang dipilih oleh peneliti adalah sampel total/sensus. Pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan instrument tes. Variabel Independen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah media pembelajaran (X). Variabel Dependen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah hasil Kognitif (Y). Hasil dari penelitian ini pada kelas eksperimen yang mendapatkan perlakuan dengan media pembelajaran Bolnet memperoleh hasil nilai gain sebesar 0,71 yang dikategorikan tinggi. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian perlakuan pembelajaran menggunakan media pembelajaran bolnet dapat memberikan pengaruh terhadap siswa dalam memecahkan masalah IPA pada materi sistem tata surya. Berdasarkan uji t-tes diperoleh sebesar sementara dengan deviasi bebas (db) N – 1 = 15 – 1= 14 dan taraf signifikansi ,05% diperoleh sebesar 2,145. Maka () (2,145). Sehingga (Ha) dapat diterima, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan media pembelajaran bolnet berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar IPA pada siswa kelas VI SDN Jembulwunut Kecamatan unung Wungkal Kabupaten Pati.
An empirical study on the construction of sample branches in colleges and universities in promoting the development of students’ subjectivity
Authors: Liu Chu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The development of student subjectivity constitutes a crucial dimension in achieving the comprehensive growth of students. This study examines the role of constructing model branches within higher education institutions and explores their influence on fostering student subjectivity. To this end, an enhanced K-means clustering algorithm, augmented by a particle swarm optimization technique, is employed to process the data of college students, thereby facilitating the development of model branches in these institutions. Additionally, the initial warning feature matrix within the collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm is applied to quantitatively assess student characteristic factors in the establishment of model branches, enabling the creation of an early warning system. The effect of model branch construction on the evolution of student subjectivity is subsequently analyzed through Gaussian process regression and partial least squares regression methods. The findings indicate that the extent of model branch development significantly impacts student subjectivity. Specifically, the average development level of student subjectivity in institutions with high-level model branches surpasses that in institutions lacking such structures by 17.255 points. Thus, the establishment of high-level model branches in colleges and universities emerges as a vital strategy to enhance student subjectivity and promote balanced and holistic student development.