bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of acute appendicitis in pediatric patients with acute leukemia: Insights from a single‐center study
Authors: Keidar Hila Rosenfeld , Manisterski Michal , Orenstein Michal , Sukhotnik Igor , Elhasid Ronit 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAcute appendicitis (AA) in pediatric patients with acute leukemia mandates prompt treatment. Diagnosis presents challenges, relying on clinical and radiological assessments, often leading to treatment delays that may disrupt leukemia management. Our study on 14 such cases underscores the pivotal role of swift intervention. While conservative AA treatment may pose no risk to healthy children, our findings mandate the performance of laparoscopic appendectomy within 24 hours of diagnosis. This strategy yielded successful surgical outcomes while ensuring uninterrupted leukemia care. Our experience contributes important insights to the limited understanding of navigating this complex clinical scenario.
Phenotypic and genotypic analysis of 11 fetal cases with Bardet–Biedl syndrome
Authors: Yu Qiu‐Xia , Liu Na , Zhen Li , Lin Xiao‐Mei , Wen Yun‐Jing , Li Dong‐Zhi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo present the prenatal sonographic features and genomic spectrum of pregnancies with fetal Bardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS).MethodsThis was a retrospective study of 11 cases with BBS diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound and confirmed by genetic testing. Clinical and laboratory data were collected and reviewed for these cases, including maternal demographics, prenatal sonographic findings, molecular testing sequencing results, and pregnancy outcomes.ResultsAll cases had unremarkable first‐trimester ultrasound scans without reporting limb malformations. All had second‐trimester abnormal ultrasounds: postaxial polydactyly in nine cases (9/11), renal abnormalities in seven (7/11), reduced amniotic fluid volume in two (2/11), central nervous system anomalies in two (2/11), and ascites in three (3/11). Ten fetuses presented with at least two‐system anomalies, and one (Case 11) presented with only postaxial polydactyly. Variants were detected in five genes, including BBS2, ARL6/BBS3, BBS7, CEP290/BBS14 and IFT74/BBS22. Ten pregnancies were terminated in the second trimester, while one continued to term.ConclusionEnlarged hyperechogenic kidneys and postaxial polydactyly are the two most common sonographic features of fetal BBS. Prenatal diagnosis of BBS can be done with ultrasound and genetic testing although the diagnosis may be made in the second trimester.
How does culture fit into de‐implementation? A scoping review of empirical research
Authors: Clinkscales Andryce , Barrett Courtenay A. , Endres Bryn 
Published: June 2024

AbstractResearch indicates that racially and ethnically minoritized populations are more likely to receive low‐value services in comparison to White populations. It is crucial to de‐implement (i.e., replace or discontinue use of) these practices to make room for more effective alternatives and reduce disparities in outcomes. However, there is limited understanding of how, when, and why practices are de‐implemented. De‐implementation has been shown to improve client outcomes through a variety of mechanisms, such as improved service quality. This scoping review had two aims. First, we examined empirical articles related to de‐implementation to determine whether culture (the practitioner's or client's values and beliefs) and race/ethnicity were assessed or reported. Second, we examined how these factors were considered throughout the de‐implementation process. A total of 20 empirical studies were identified. Results suggested there is a gap in the literature regarding how culture and race/ethnicity may impact de‐implementation and ensuing outcomes. We translated research across settings to highlight the importance of considering culture and race/ethnicity when engaging in de‐implementation. Lastly, we provide suggestions for future research and discuss implications for practitioners.
Intraspecific differences in the photosynthetic responses to chloroplast CO2 and photon flux density at different leaf temperatures of four grapevine cultivars grown in common outdoor conditions
Authors: Greer Dennis H. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractComparative measurements of four Vitis vinifera cultivars were undertaken to assess assimilation tolerance to the high growth temperatures currently pervading Australian and other wine growing regions. The cultivars, cvs. Chardonnay, Merlot, Semillon, and Shiraz, were all grown in common growth conditions, and an hypothesis promulgated genotypic variation in assimilation and in the leaf temperature dependency. Assimilation responses to varying light intensity and to varying chloroplast CO2 at a range of leaf temperatures (15–45°C) were measured in leaves of each cultivar in mid‐summer. Light response curves revealed marked genotype differences in maximum assimilation, but temperature effects also varied. Semillon leaves were most sensitive to temperature, with marked and steep differences in assimilation at different temperatures while Chardonnay and Merlot were least sensitive, with relatively flat responses. There were also marked cultivar differences in response to CO2 and significant effects of leaf temperature. CO2‐saturated assimilation varied markedly, with Semillon and Merlot leaves most responsive to temperature, although there were differences in optimum temperatures and maximum rates. Chardonnay leaves remained least tolerant, with lowest rates of assimilation across most temperatures. Assimilation at 45°C also separated the cultivars and two cultivars had higher rates than at 15°C while Chardonnay and Merlot leaves had higher rates at 15°C. There were no cultivar differences in the temperature dependency of Ribulose 1,5‐bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylation, but Semillon had a much steeper temperature dependency on RuBP regeneration than the other cultivars. All these responses confirmed the hypothesis and concluded the high‐temperature tolerance of Semillon and Shiraz and the poor adaptability of Chardonnay and possibly Merlot to perform in the current high‐temperature growth conditions.
Critical parameters for robust Agrobacterium‐mediated transient transformation and quantitative promoter assays in Catharanthus roseus seedlings
Authors: Cole‐Osborn Lauren F. , Meehan Emma , Lee‐Parsons Carolyn W. T. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAgrobacterium‐mediated transient expression methods are widely used to study gene function in both model and non‐model plants. Using a dual‐luciferase assay, we quantified the effect of Agrobacterium‐infiltration parameters on the transient transformation efficiency of Catharanthus roseus seedlings. We showed that transformation efficiency is highly sensitive to seedling developmental state and a pre‐ and post‐infiltration dark incubation and is less sensitive to the Agrobacterium growth stage. For example, 5 versus 6 days of germination in the dark increased seedling transformation efficiency by seven‐ to eight‐fold while a dark incubation pre‐ and post‐infiltration increased transformation efficiency by five‐ to 13‐fold. Agrobacterium in exponential compared with stationary phase increased transformation efficiency by two‐fold. Finally, we quantified the variation in our Agrobacterium‐infiltration method in replicate infiltrations and experiments. Within a given experiment, significant differences of up to 2.6‐fold in raw firefly luciferase (FLUC) and raw Renilla luciferase (RLUC) luminescence occurred in replicate infiltrations. These differences were significantly reduced when FLUC was normalized to RLUC values, highlighting the utility of including a reference reporter to minimize false positives. Including a second experimental replicate further reduced the potential for false positives. This optimization and quantitative validation of Agrobacterium infiltration in C. roseus seedlings will facilitate the study of this important medicinal plant and will expand the application of Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation methods in other plant species.
Application of subharmonic‐aided pressure estimation in a patient with giant hepatic cyst: A case report
Authors: Lu Xiuyun , Cao Jiaying , Liu Yaozu , Ma Jingqin , Luo Jianjun , Dong Yi , Wang Wenping 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGiant hepatic cysts may lead to impaired liver function by compressing surrounding tissue, resulting in symptoms such as nausea or portal hypertension. Subharmonic‐aided pressure estimation (SHAPE) offers a noninvasive method for quantitatively estimating pressure and monitoring interstitial fluid pressure. A 55‐year‐old female patient with giant hepatic cysts was admitted to our hospital with elevated protein electrophoretic gamma levels, likely caused by compression of important liver vessels by the cysts. Before surgery, B‐mode ultrasound (BMUS) revealed multiple anechoic cystic lesions with thin, smooth walls in the right lobe. In SHAPE, the curve of the portal vein was lower than that of the hepatic vein, which is absolutely different from a healthy volunteer in our previous SHAPE study. It suggested that the patient may have had portal hypertension. Three days after laparoscopic fenestration and drainage of hepatic cysts, the size of the largest cyst had decreased on BMUS and protein electrophoretic gamma levels had normalized. While the curve of the portal vein remained lower than that of the hepatic vein, the difference between them had decreased compared to presurgery levels. SHAPE shows promise as a tool for noninvasively estimating portal hypertension and improving prognosis assessment in patients.
Comprehensive cross cancer analyses reveal mutational signature cancer specificity
Authors: Xin Rui , Jiang Limin , Yu Hui , Yan Fengyao , Tang Jijun , Guo Yan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMutational signatures refer to distinct patterns of DNA mutations that occur in a specific context or under certain conditions. It is a powerful tool to describe cancer etiology. We conducted a study to show cancer heterogeneity and cancer specificity from the aspect of mutational signatures through collinearity analysis and machine learning techniques. Through thorough training and independent validation, our results show that while the majority of the mutational signatures are distinct, similarities between certain mutational signature pairs can be observed through both mutation patterns and mutational signature abundance. The observation can potentially assist to determine the etiology of yet elusive mutational signatures. Further analysis using machine learning approaches demonstrated moderate mutational signature cancer specificity. Skin cancer among all cancer types demonstrated the strongest mutational signature specificity.
Hydropneumothorax in a non‐small cell lung cancer patient after lobectomy due to surgical stump air leak
Authors: Saowapa Sakditad , Chaisrimaneepan Nattanicha , Polpichai Natchaya , Siladech Pharit , Tijani Lukman 
Published: June 2024

Key messageHydropneumothorax following lobectomy or pneumonectomy is relatively uncommon, with an incidence of 1%–5%. It involves air and fluid in the pleural cavity, often due to intraoperative injury, infection, bronchopleural fistula, or mechanical ventilation. Careful management, including drainage and addressing the underlying cause, is essential to prevent serious outcomes.
The student staffing advantage: Data Science Consulting Service at NC State University Libraries
Authors: Marchesoni Joddy , Freeman Kate , Tezbasaran Alp , Ricci Shannon W. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe primarily peer‐to‐peer, graduate student‐staffed Data Science Consulting Service at NC State University Libraries, within the Data & Visualization Services (DVS) department and collaborating closely with the Data Science Academy (DSA), has established a sustainable service and staffing model focused on providing broad data science analytic support to researchers across the university community. The service addresses the needs of university researchers who possess domain knowledge in their fields of study but a skills gap in the data science competencies required for research. The literature shows that it has been difficult for libraries to cover these needs with existing staffing models. Few universities follow the model practiced at NC State University, so a scan of the current landscape of data science consulting at universities across the country was performed to establish context. The support model and its advantages are described, including partnership with the DSA, student success, model sustainability and future directions for the service. Through a summary of the DVS assessment and needs evaluation process, the service's advantages in staying ahead of patron needs are illustrated. This scalable, sustainable, student‐focused model could be implemented by similar research institutions to expand the capacity of their technical research services.
Freedom of Expression of Athletes and Players: The Current and Potential Role of the European Court of Human Rights as a Watchdog in Sport
Authors: Rietiker Daniel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractProfessional athletes enjoy many privileges, but their special status in society imposes on them duties that go far beyond the responsibilities of ordinary citizens. For example, they are generally expected to abstain from certain political statements (principle of political neutrality) and might face disciplinary sanctions for infringing that prohibition. This chapter focuses on the European Court of Human Rights’ current and future contribution as a watchdog with a view to protect the right of athletes to freedom of expression (Article 10 ECHR).In Part 1 of this chapter, cases that have already been decided by the Court in the field of sport will be analyzed. The case of Šimunić v. Croatia indicates that freedom of expression, within Article 10 ECHR, is not unlimited. Three recent judgments related to Turkey, delivered in 2021, will also be addressed; these concern sports sanctions and financial penalties imposed by the Turkish Football Federation on account of statements made by athletes to the media or messages posted and/or shared on social media.In Part 2, the chapter will discuss the potential role of the ECtHR in securing the freedom of expression of athletes in the future in light of the principle of political neutrality in sport, which has yet to be addressed by the Court.
The Court of Arbitration for Sport under Human Rights Scrutiny: The Role of the Swiss Federal Tribunal and the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Duval Antoine , Viret Marjolaine 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis chapter sets out to map how human rights (and more specifically, the ECHR) have been applied by the Swiss Federal Tribunal (SFT) and the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) to the CAS and its awards. It is based on a comprehensive review of the decisions of both courts related to the CAS. In doing so, the chapter traces the morphing role of the ECHR as a normative resource to check the CAS’ judicial authority. Section 2 is dedicated to analyzing more than 20 years of the SFT’s case law on appeal against CAS awards, and to showing how the supreme court of Switzerland has been conferring (limited) relevance to the ECHR in the framework of this control. Section 3 provides an analysis of the more recent case-law of the ECtHR on the compatibility of the CAS and its awards with the ECHR.
‘But you’re ok…’ British South Asians and Regulatory Barriers to Participation in Sport
Authors: Patel Seema 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis chapter employs ethnographical research to examine the regulatory barriers to participation in the particular context of British South Asian athletes in sport. Recent racial tensions in English cricket have not only raised important regulatory questions about addressing discrimination and inequality in sport and beyond, but also emphasizes the limited coverage of British South Asian voices in sport. Adopting an ethnographic approach, this chapter centralizes the author’s lived experiences as a British South Asian female, to evaluate their intersectional identity. Alongside this, with two decades of academic research into discrimination in sport, the chapter provides a British South Asian academic view on the role of the law and sport regulation as both a barrier and an effective tool for the protection of marginalized groups in sport. Although it may be difficult to shift entrenched societal thinking about race, the chapter argues for a holistic collaboration between law and regulation, government, sport and society to apply pressure, alter behavior, and create conditions for effective anti-racism reforms. Change can also be achieved through improved engagement with ethnographic research in law to better understand intersectional identity and the true impact of law and regulation upon marginalized individuals and groups.
Athlete Activism at the Olympics: Challenging the Legality of Rule 50 as a Restriction on Freedom of Expression
Authors: James Mark , Osborn Guy 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSince Colin Kaepernick began taking the knee during the American national anthem to protest social injustice and inequality in the USA in 2016, athletes across a range of sports and from diverse national backgrounds have used their high media profiles to draw attention to the causes that they support. The International Olympic Committee, however, has maintained its stance that politics and sport should not mix, and that human rights should not be used as a tool to undermine the political autonomy of sport. Rule 50(2) of the Olympic Charter states that, “No kind of demonstration or political, religious or racial propaganda is permitted in any Olympic sites, venues or other areas”. Anyone in breach of this provision may be disqualified from their event and have their Olympic accreditation removed, a position that was reinforced by the guidance issued to athletes prior to the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games.Using examples of athlete activism at Tokyo 2020 as case studies, this chapter will analyze whether any of these exercises of the right to freedom of expression were in breach of Rule 50(2). It will then examine whether the application of Rule 50(2) at Tokyo 2020 is compatible with Article 10 European Convention of Human Rights and the likely outcome of any challenge before the Court of Arbitration for Sport, the Swiss Federal Tribunal, and the European Court of Human Rights. It concludes by arguing for a complete overhaul of Rule 50(2) so that it promotes, rather than prohibits, freedom of expression.
Non-relativistic M2-branes and the AdS/CFT correspondence
Authors: Lambert Neil , Smith Joseph 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A non-relativistic limit of the AdS/CFT correspondence is studied in the context of M2-branes. On the field theory side this corresponds to a near-BPS limit of ABJM that localises onto solutions of Hitchin’s equations. It is shown that the symmetries of the theory include an infinite-dimensional enhancement of the spatial symmetry algebra corresponding to time-dependent holomorphic transformations. Taking the limit of the gravitational dual splits the geometry into three ‘large’ directions and eight ‘small’ directions and corresponds to the Membrane-Newton-Cartan limit of eleven-dimensional supergravity. This has the effect of reducing the AdS4 factor to an AdS2 factor for the near-horizon limit of the M2-brane metric. Evidence is presented that the duality is maintained after the limit.
A positive metric over DGKT vacua
Authors: Palti Eran , Petri Nicolò 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We study the notion of a metric over the space of AdS solution in string theory, leading to an associated distance between them. Such a distance is the idea underlying the AdS distance conjecture. We utilise the previously developed prescription for extracting such a metric: taking an off-shell quadratic variation of the string theory effective action and then evaluating it over the space of on-shell solutions. It was shown that this prescription leads to a well-defined positive metric over M-theory Freund-Rubin vacua. In this work, we use the same prescription to calculate the metric over type IIA DGKT vacua. These are much more involved, they have multiple flux parameters and exhibit scale separation. While it remains an open question whether these vacua exist as fully localised solutions of string theory, they are well-defined within the four-dimensional effective theory, which is all that is required for the calculation. We find that they also have a positive metric over them. Interestingly, this metric turns out to be independent of the many flux parameters in the solution, similarly to what happens for metrics over scalar field spaces. This non-trivial flux cancellation, as well as results from explicit vacua, lead us to propose a Swampland condition: that the metric over the space of vacua in quantum gravity, as defined by the above prescription, is always positive.
Lightweight Asynchronous Verifiable Secret Sharing with Optimal Resilience
Authors: Shoup Victor , Smart Nigel P. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe present new protocols for Asynchronous Verifiable Secret Sharing for Shamir (i.e., threshold $$t<n$$

t
<
n

) sharing of secrets. Our protocols:

Use only “lightweight” cryptographic primitives, such as hash functions;

Can share secrets over rings such as $${\mathbb {Z}}/(p^k)$$

Z
/
(

p
k

)

as well as finite fields $$\mathbb {F}_q$$

F
q

;

Provide optimal resilience, in the sense that they tolerate up to $$t < n/3$$

t
<
n
/
3

corruptions, where n is the total number of parties;

Are complete, in the sense that they guarantee that if any honest party receives their share then all honest parties receive their shares;

Employ batching techniques, whereby a dealer shares many secrets in parallel and achieves an amortized communication complexity that is linear in n, at least on the “happy path”, where no party provably misbehaves.
The Fan Theorem, its strong negation, and the determinacy of games
Authors: Veldman Wim 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In the context of a weak formal theory called Basic Intuitionistic Mathematics

$$\textsf{BIM}$$

BIM

, we study Brouwer’s Fan Theorem and a strong negation of the Fan Theorem, Kleene’s Alternative (to the Fan Theorem). We prove that the Fan Theorem is equivalent to contrapositions of a number of intuitionistically accepted axioms of countable choice and that Kleene’s Alternative is equivalent to strong negations of these statements. We discuss finite and infinite games and introduce a constructively useful notion of determinacy. We prove that the Fan Theorem is equivalent to the Intuitionistic Determinacy Theorem. This theorem says that every subset of Cantor space

$$2^\omega $$

2
ω

is, in our constructively meaningful sense, determinate. Kleene’s Alternative is equivalent to a strong negation of a special case of this theorem. We also consider a uniform intermediate value theorem and a compactness theorem for classical propositional logic. The Fan Theorem is equivalent to each of these theorems and Kleene’s Alternative is equivalent to strong negations of them. We end with a note on ‘stronger’ Fan Theorems. The paper is a sequel to Veldman (Arch Math Logic 53:621–693, 2014).