bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of ultraviolet aging on the composition and characteristics of multifunctional composite coatings
Authors: Wang Yanyan , Liu Siyu , Yin Xiaoqing , Pang Nan , Yu Meijie , Wang Chengguo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMultifunctional composite coatings exposed to environmental conditions are prone to aging and potential functional failure due to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. This study investigates the impact of UV radiation on the structure and properties of low infrared emissivity composite coatings, comprising ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) as the matrix and antistatic carbon fiber (CF) and flaky floating aluminum powder as fillers. In addition to analyzing the photochemical degradation reactions of the composite coating under UV irradiation, the role of fillers in resisting UV aging is elucidated. The performance parameters examined include infrared (IR) emissivity, surface resistivity, mechanical properties, and dielectric properties. The results indicate that after UV aging, EPDM undergoes the most significant changes, leading to the formation of carbonyl groups. CFs experience mild UV aging and an increase in resistivity. Aluminum powder, on the other hand, remains largely unchanged after UV aging and its addition significantly reduces the UV aging rate of the composite coating, resulting in a low IR emissivity of as low as 0.2 after UV aging. Among them, Coating 4 exhibits the best overall performance after UV aging.Highlights
The UV aging mechanism of EPDM and the role of fillers were revealed.
The UV aging of the coating significantly reduced the infrared emissivity (Reduced from 0.5 to 0.2).
Al powder effectively reduced the UV degradation rate of the coating by reflecting UV light.
The properties of the double‐formulated coating perform best after UV aging.
Transparency, reproducibility, and replicability of pharmacoepidemiology studies in a distributed network environment
Authors: Rai Ashish , Maro Judith C. , Dutcher Sarah , Bright Patricia , Toh Sengwee 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeOur objective is to describe how the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)'s Sentinel System implements best practices to ensure trust in drug safety studies using real‐world data from disparate sources.MethodsWe present a stepwise schematic for Sentinel's data harmonization, data quality check, query design and implementation, and reporting practices, and describe approaches to enhancing the transparency, reproducibility, and replicability of studies at each step.ConclusionsEach Sentinel data partner converts its source data into the Sentinel Common Data Model. The transformed data undergoes rigorous quality checks before it can be used for Sentinel queries. The Sentinel Common Data Model framework, data transformation codes for several data sources, and data quality assurance packages are publicly available. Designed to run against the Sentinel Common Data Model, Sentinel's querying system comprises a suite of pre‐tested, parametrizable computer programs that allow users to perform sophisticated descriptive and inferential analysis without having to exchange individual‐level data across sites. Detailed documentation of capabilities of the programs as well as the codes and information required to execute them are publicly available on the Sentinel website. Sentinel also provides public trainings and online resources to facilitate use of its data model and querying system. Its study specifications conform to established reporting frameworks aimed at facilitating reproducibility and replicability of real‐world data studies. Reports from Sentinel queries and associated design and analytic specifications are available for download on the Sentinel website. Sentinel is an example of how real‐world data can be used to generate regulatory‐grade evidence at scale using a transparent, reproducible, and replicable process.
Effect of drawing and heat‐setting process on aggregate structure of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) industrial fiber in large‐scale spinning production
Authors: Chen Shichang , Zhang Kun , Pei Longcang , Shi Jiaoxue , Chen Wenxing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIt is a vital route to develop new fiber products with various physical‐mechanical properties by which their aggregation structure can be changed via controlling the spinning process parameters. In this study, five groups fiber samples had been obtained by changing the spinneret drawing ratio, two stages drawing ratio and two stages heat‐setting rate. The aggregation structure of the poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) industrial fibers from different spinning process was analyzed by combination use of thermal analysis, two‐dimensional wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS), and Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) measurements. It was found that, increasing the spinneret drawing ratio and two stages drawing ratio promoted the orientation and crystallinity within a certain range. For the subsequent two stages heat‐setting process, the disorientation of the amorphous chain is simulated by reducing the relaxation rate and heat setting temperature. Finally, a concise three‐dimensional structure model was established to explain the relationship between aggregation structure and property. These results have important reference for the structure and property analysis of polyester industrial fiber.
Structural evolution of biaxially oriented polypropylene films upon asynchronous stretching
Authors: An Hao , Guo Jin , Gao Jiawei , Zhong Yeshun , Li Yiguo , Wang Zongbao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTo understand the structural behavior of biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) films upon asynchronous stretching, synchrotron X‐ray diffraction/scattering method is employed to in situ monitor the structure evolution of the cast films in the machine direction (MD) and the longitudinally stretched films in the transverse direction (TD) at high temperatures. By comparatively analyzing the simultaneous stress–strain curves and multiscale crystalline parameters, the structural evolution regularities and mechanisms during the two‐step asynchronous stretching courses are discussed. It shows that the structural evolution upon the MD drawing at 130°C, 140°C, and 150°C of the PP cast films has a poor temperature dependence, while the structural developing upon the TD stretching of pre‐oriented, longitudinally stretched films exhibits the different behavior under 155°C as compared to that at 135°C and 145°C. This study not only discloses the structural evolution mechanisms of the two‐step asynchronous stretched BOPP films, but also demonstrates the more important impact of processing temperature on the TD drawing than the MD stretching, providing the theoretical guidance for the structural control and property optimization under the industrial production of BOPP films.
Sulfur Isotope Geochemistry of Ice‐Wedges in Yakutia, East Siberia
Authors: Jeong Hyeonjeong , Moon Jonghan , Iwahana Go , Fedorov Alexander N. , Ahn Jinho , Sim Min Sub 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTSulfur, with its highly varying stable isotope ratio and involvement in numerous biogeochemical processes, is one of the most widely used elements as an isotopic paleoenvironmental proxy, yet the sulfur isotope ratios of ice‐wedges and their insoluble fraction remain unexplored. This study first presents the sulfur isotopic compositions of soluble sulfate, particulate organic matter (POM), and lithic particles recovered from East Siberian ice‐wedges. Soluble sulfate, primarily representing atmospheric sulfate deposition, shows comparable sulfur isotope ranges in Zyryanka and Batagay, while in Central Yakutia, ice‐wedge sulfate is more enriched in 34S, consistent with the orogenic and cratonic terranes in East Siberia. Given the wedge growth during the inland winter, it is likely that sulfate aerosols were derived mainly from erosion and weathering of regional basement rocks rather than from sea salt spray or biogenic emissions. Within individual ice‐wedges, however, the sulfur isotopic composition of soluble sulfate varies by as much as 7‰, possibly reflecting changes in the relative contributions of sulfur‐isotopically distinct source regions. Beyond the origin of sulfate, greater sulfur isotope fractionations between POM and sulfate during the last glaciation suggest that sulfate may have been anaerobically reduced to sulfide and vice versa in the adjacent root zone.
Improvements in the spread–skill relationship of precipitation in a convective‐scale ensemble through blending
Authors: Gainford Adam , Gray Suzanne L. , Frame Thomas H. A. , Porson Aurore N. , Milan Marco 
Published: May 2024

AbstractConvective‐scale ensembles are used routinely in operational centres around the world to produce probabilistic precipitation forecasts, but a lack of spread between members is providing forecasts that are frequently overconfident. This deficiency can be corrected by increasing spread, increasing forecast accuracy, or both. A recent development in the Met Office forecasting system is the inclusion of large‐scale blending (LSB) in the convective‐scale data assimilation scheme. This method aims to reduce the synoptic‐scale forecast error in the analysis by reducing the influence of the convective‐scale data assimilation at scales that are too large to be constrained by the limited domain. These scales are instead initialised using output from the global data assimilation scheme, which we expect to reduce the forecast error and thus improve the spread–skill relationship. In this study, we quantify the impact of LSB on the spread–skill relationship of hourly precipitation accumulations by comparing forecast ensembles with and without LSB over a 17‐day summer trial period. This trial found modest but significant improvements to the spread–skill relationship as calculated using metrics based on the Fractions Skill Score. Skill is improved for a lower precipitation centile by an average of 0.56% at the largest scales, but a corresponding degradation of spread limits the overall correction. The spread–skill disparity is reduced the most in the higher centiles due to a more muted spread response, with significant reductions of up to 0.40% obtained at larger scales. Case‐study analysis using a novel extension of the Localised Fractions Skill Score demonstrates how spread–skill improvements transfer to smaller‐scale features, not just the scales that have been blended. There are promising signs that further spread–skill improvements can be made by implementing LSB more fully within the ensemble, and we encourage the Met Office to continue developing this technique.
Cytomegalovirus cavitary pneumonia in a human immunodeficiency virus‐infected patient
Authors: Sunanaga Yusuke , Suetsugu Takayuki , Nagata Yusuke , Miyata Marina , Kondo Kiyotaka , Mitsuyama Hideo , Kubota Shingo , Mizuno Keiko , Tanaka Kentaro , Inoue Hiromasa 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCavitary lung lesions are uncommon radiological findings in cytomegalovirus pneumonia, and tissue biopsy is rarely performed for diagnosis. A 67‐year‐old man presented with a wet cough. Extensive white moss in the oral cavity was found on physical examination, and chest computed tomography revealed an approximately 4 cm cavitary lesion in the upper lobe of the right lung. Blood tests showed a critically low CD4+ T lymphocyte count and positivity for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 antibodies. A transbronchial biopsy of the cavitary lung lesion was performed, and inclusion bodies in the nuclei of enlarged alveolar epithelial cells were seen in the histopathological findings. Immunohistochemistry staining for cytomegalovirus was positive, and cytomegalovirus pneumonia was diagnosed. Ganciclovir treatment was initiated, and the symptoms and imaging findings resolved. Cytomegalovirus pneumonia can present as cavitary lung lesions in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and a transbronchial biopsy is essentially useful for a definitive diagnosis.
Successful management of unilateral gastrocnemius muscle rupture in a Holstein Friesian crossbred cow by trans‐articular trans‐fixation technique of the hock joint
Authors: Raghunath Mulinti , Bharathi Seelam , Vani Gaddam , Pattanaik Kiran , Pregnam Shiny Keerthana 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA 3‐year‐old, Holstein Friesian crossbred cow was presented with a history of attempted rise suddenly from rest resulting in dropped hind‐quarters, hyperflexed right hock with hock joint touching the ground for 10 days. Parenteral calcium, magnesium and anti‐inflammatory drugs administration for the past 10 days were ineffective. On presentation, plantigrade stance of the right hindlimb was observed, which made the contralateral limb droop and resulted in the animal being unable to walk normally on the left hindlimb too. On palpation, a non‐painful swelling in the thigh region and discontinuity at gastrocnemius musculo‐tendinous junction was noticed. Unilateral complete gastrocnemius muscle rupture was confirmed by physical examination. Successful management was done by trans‐articular trans‐fixation of the hock joint, keeping the hock joint in extension while allowing the muscle to heal. The assembly was removed after 3 months, and the animal had normal weight bearing on the affected limb after removal.
Hepatic microgranulomas caused by Mycobacterium marinum (MM) in a Horsfield tortoise (Testudo horsfieldii) presenting with a non‐healing limb granuloma
Authors: Woodhall Harriet , Beck Sam , Roe Thomas 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA 3‐year‐old, male, entire Horsfield tortoise (Testudo horsfieldii) presented with a non‐healing lesion on the dorsal aspect of the elbow. Fine‐needle aspiration cytology revealed granulomatous inflammation with acid‐fast staining organisms. Due to worsening clinical condition, the animal was euthanased. Postmortem examination included histopathology, Mycobacterium culture and polymerase chain reaction testing. There was gross hepatomegaly and a large, turbid, straw‐coloured, coelomic effusion. Limb granuloma and liver tissue were sent for mycobacterial polymerase chain reaction and culture, and both were positive and confirmed disseminated Mycobacteria marinum. The origin of the infection is not known, but suspected to originate from poor hygiene from the place of purchase and dissemination secondary to the initial limb granuloma. This represents an uncommon presentation and the first reported infection by this mycobacterial agent in the species. It is important to consider mycobacterial disease as a differential in granulomatous infections, given the range of presentations possible in reptile patients.
Boundary overlaps from Functional Separation of Variables
Authors: Ekhammar Simon , Gromov Nikolay , Ryan Paul 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this paper we show how the Functional Separation of Variables (FSoV) method can be applied to the problem of computing overlaps with integrable boundary states in integrable systems. We demonstrate our general method on the example of a particular boundary state, a singlet of the symmetry group, in an $$ \mathfrak{su}(3) $$
su

3

rational spin chain in an alternating fundamental-anti-fundamental representation. The FSoV formalism allows us to compute in determinant form not only the overlaps of the boundary state with the eigenstates of the transfer matrix, but in fact with any factorisable state. This includes off-shell Bethe states, whose overlaps with the boundary state have been out of reach with other methods. Furthermore, we also found determinant representations for insertions of so-called Principal Operators (forming a complete algebra of all observables) between the boundary and the factorisable state as well as certain types of multiple insertions of Principal Operators. Concise formulas for the matrix elements of the boundary state in the SoV basis and $$ \mathfrak{su}(N) $$
su

N

generalisations are presented. Finally, we managed to construct a complete basis of integrable boundary states by repeated action of conserved charges on the singlet state. As a result, we are also able to compute the overlaps of all of these states with integral of motion eigenstates.
Superconformal indices and localization in N = 2B quantum mechanics
Authors: Raeymaekers Joris , Şanlı Canberk , Van den Bleeken Dieter 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Superconformal ‘type B’ quantum mechanical sigma models arise in a variety of interesting contexts, such as the description of D-brane bound states in an AdS2 decoupling limit. Focusing on N = 2B models, we study superconformal indices which count short multiplets and provide an alternative to the standard Witten index, as the latter suffers from infrared issues. We show that the basic index receives contributions from lowest Landau level states in an effective magnetic field and that, due to the noncompactness of the target space, it is typically divergent. Fortunately, the models of interest possess an additional target space isometry which allows for the definition of a well-behaved refined index. We compute this index using localization of the functional integral and find that the result agrees with a naive application of the Atiyah-Bott fixed point formula outside of it’s starting assumptions. In the simplest examples, this formula can also be directly verified by explicitly computing the short multiplet spectrum.
Giant graviton expansion of Schur index and quasimodular forms
Authors: Beccaria M. , Cabo-Bizet A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The flavored superconformal Schur index of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 U(N) SYM has finite N corrections encoded in its giant graviton expansion in terms of D3 branes wrapped in AdS5 × S5. The key element of this decomposition is the non-trivial index of the theory living on the wrapped brane system. A remarkable feature of the Schur limit is that the brane index is an analytic continuation of the flavored index of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 U(n) SYM, where n is the total brane wrapping number. We exploit recent exact results about the Schur index of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 U(N) SYM to evaluate the closed form of the brane indices appearing in the giant graviton expansion. Away from the unflavored limit, they are characterized by quasimodular forms providing exact information at all orders in the index universal fugacity. As an application of these results, we present novel exact expressions for the giant graviton expansion of the unflavored Schur index in a class of four dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 theories with equal central charges a = c, i.e. the non-Lagrangian theories $$ \hat{\Gamma}\left(\textrm{SU}(N)\right) $$

Γ
̂

SU

N

with Γ = E6, E7, E8.
Massless Lifshitz field theory for arbitrary z
Authors: Basak Jaydeep Kumar , Chakraborty Adrita , Chu Chong-Sun , Giataganas Dimitrios , Parihar Himanshu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
By using the notion of fractional derivatives, we introduce a class of massless Lifshitz scalar field theory in (1+1)-dimension with an arbitrary anisotropy index z. The Lifshitz scale invariant ground state of the theory is constructed explicitly and takes the form of Rokhsar-Kivelson (RK). We show that there is a continuous family of ground states with degeneracy parameterized by the choice of solution to the equation of motion of an auxiliary classical system. The quantum mechanical path integral establishes a 2d/1d correspondence with the equal time correlation functions of the Lifshitz scalar field theory. We study the entanglement properties of the Lifshitz theory for arbitrary z using the path integral representation. The entanglement measures are expressed in terms of certain cross ratio functions we specify, and satisfy the c-function monotonicity theorems. We also consider the holographic description of the Lifshitz theory. In order to match with the field theory result for the entanglement entropy, we propose a z-dependent radius scale for the Lifshitz background. This relation is consistent with the z-dependent scaling symmetry respected by the Lifshitz vacuum. Furthermore, the time-like entanglement entropy is determined using holography. Our result suggests that there should exist a fundamental definition of time-like entanglement other than employing analytic continuation as performed in relativistic field theory.
On the variable-order fractional derivatives with respect to another function
Authors: Almeida Ricardo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we present various concepts concerning generalized fractional calculus, wherein the fractional order of operators is not constant, and the integral kernel depends on a function. We observe that in the case of variable order, the concepts are distinct, and we present relations between them. Formulas for approximating fractional derivatives are provided, involving only integer-order derivatives. Finally, we conclude the work with some simulations to exemplify the method.
A note on odd partition numbers
Authors: Griffin Michael , Ono Ken 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRamanujan’s partition congruences modulo $$\ell \in \{5, 7, 11\}$$

ℓ
∈
{
5
,
7
,
11
}

assert that $$\begin{aligned} p(\ell n+\delta _{\ell })\equiv 0\pmod {\ell }, \end{aligned}$$

p

(
ℓ
n
+

δ
ℓ

)

≡
0

(
mod

ℓ
)

,

where $$0<\delta _{\ell }<\ell $$

0
<

δ
ℓ

<
ℓ

satisfies $$24\delta _{\ell }\equiv 1\pmod {\ell }.$$

24

δ
ℓ

≡
1

(
mod

ℓ
)

.

By proving Subbarao’s conjecture, Radu showed that there are no such congruences when it comes to parity. There are infinitely many odd (resp. even) partition numbers in every arithmetic progression. For primes $$\ell \ge 5,$$

ℓ
≥
5
,

we give a new proof of the conclusion that there are infinitely many m for which $$p(\ell m+\delta _{\ell })$$

p
(
ℓ
m
+

δ
ℓ

)

is odd. This proof uses a generalization, due to the second author and Ramsey, of a result of Mazur in his classic paper on the Eisenstein ideal. We also refine a classical criterion of Sturm for modular form congruences, which allows us to show that the smallest such m satisfies $$m<(\ell ^2-1)/24,$$

m
<
(

ℓ
2

-
1
)
/
24
,

representing a significant improvement to the previous bound.
Drift approximation by the modified Boris algorithm of charged-particle dynamics in toroidal geometry
Authors: Shi Yanyan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we study the dynamics of charged particles under a strong magnetic field in toroidal axi-symmetric geometry. Using modulated Fourier expansions of the exact and numerical solutions, the long-term drift motion of the exact solution in toroidal geometry is derived, and the error analysis of the large-stepsize modified Boris algorithm over long time is provided. Numerical experiments are conducted to illustrate the theoretical results.