bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Segments of sustainable food consumers: a literature review
Authors: Verain Muriel C.D. , Bartels Jos , Dagevos Hans , Sijtsema Siet J. , Onwezen Marleen C. , Antonides Gerrit 
Published: February 2012

AbstractSustainable food consumption is an important aspect of sustainable development. When adopting a sustainable food lifestyle, consumers are confronted with complex choices. Today's food consumption is too complex to be explained by socio‐demographic factors exclusively. A broader perspective is needed. In order to explain behaviour across different consumer segments better, relatively homogenous segments of food consumers were identified by segmenting food consumers based on a wide range of variables. The current study aims to provide an overview of published studies that have segmented consumers with regard to sustainable food consumption. The literature review has been conducted by searching SciVerse Scopus for all relevant articles available until November 2010. The main criterion for including a specific study was the inclusion of empirical analyses of primary data, resulting in consumer segments with regard to sustainable food consumption. Sixteen articles were incorporated in the final analysis. First, the variables used for segmentation and profiling in the included articles have been categorized into three levels of abstraction: personality characteristics, food‐related lifestyles and behaviour. The three levels of abstraction proved to be helpful in categorizing the segmentation studies. The findings indicate that variables on all three levels were efficient in differentiating consumer segments regarding sustainability. In addition, the importance of price and health differed across the segments, although these variables are only indirectly related to sustainability. Second, the three most frequently identified consumer segments with regard to sustainable food consumption were: ‘greens’, ‘potential greens’ and ‘non‐greens’. These segments differed from one another on all three levels of abstraction. This implies that future segmentation studies should include variables on all levels of abstraction to get a complete picture of existing sustainable consumer segments. Marketers should be aware that targeting specific segments based on socio‐demographic variables exclusively is not sufficient. Personality characteristics, lifestyle and behaviour are all important to take into consideration. Attempts at stimulating sustainable consumption might be most effective when differences across consumer segments are taken into account. Future research is needed to explore the characteristics of different sustainable food consumer segments with respect to their potential contributions in promoting sustainable development.
Negative influences of working life on sustainable consumption
Authors: Muster Viola 
Published: February 2012

SummaryWorking life can have negative influences on sustainable consumption. In order to promote environmentally and socially friendly consumption patterns and a sustainable society, these negative influences need to be identified and prevented.Research on sustainable consumption has considered different positive and negative influences of working life on sustainable consumption. However, with regard to work‐life‐research and its gained insights into the work‐life relationship, it can be assumed that significant work interferences that restrain sustainable consumption have been ignored so far. Therefore, this article proposes an integrated approach. An overview on sustainable consumption research and work‐life‐research regarding their insights into work interferences is first presented. On this basis, the article then integrates both research perspectives and shows that additional work interferences need to be considered in order to prevent restraints of sustainable consumption.
Effects of acute and chronic hyperglycemia on the neurochemical profiles in the rat brain with streptozotocin‐induced diabetes detected using in vivo1H MR spectroscopy at 9.4 T
Authors: Wang Wen‐Tung , Lee Phil , Yeh Hung‐Wen , Smirnova Irina V. , Choi In‐Young 
Published: February 2012

J. Neurochem. (2012) 121, 407–417.AbstractChronic hyperglycemia could lead to cerebral metabolic alterations and CNS injury. However, findings of metabolic alterations in poorly managed diabetes in humans and animal models are rather inconsistent. We have characterized the cerebral metabolic consequences of untreated hyperglycemia from the onset to the chronic stage in a streptozotocin‐induced rat model of diabetes. In vivo1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to measure over 20 neurochemicals longitudinally. Upon the onset of hyperglycemia (acute state), increases in brain glucose levels were accompanied by increases in osmolytes and ketone bodies, all of which remained consistently high through the chronic state of over 10 weeks of hyperglycemia. Only after over 4 weeks of hyperglycemia, the levels of other neurochemicals including N‐acetylaspartate and glutathione were significantly reduced and these alterations persisted into the chronic stage. However, glucose transport was not altered in chronic hyperglycemia of over 10 weeks. When glucose levels were acutely restored to euglycemia, some neurochemical changes were irreversible, indicating the impact of prolonged uncontrolled hyperglycemia on the CNS. Furthermore, progressive changes in neurochemical levels from control to acute and chronic conditions demonstrated the utility of 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy as a non‐invasive tool in monitoring the disease progression in diabetes.
Changes in 20S subunit composition are largely responsible for altered proteasomal activities in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Zheng Jianzheng , Dasgupta Anushka , Bizzozero Oscar A. 
Published: February 2012

J. Neurochem. (2012) 121, 486–494.AbstractWe recently reported that the proteasomal peptidase activities are altered in the cerebellum of mice with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) peptide‐induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). To determine whether these fluctuations are caused by proteasome activation/inactivation and/or changes in the levels of individual β subunits, we characterized the proteasome subunit composition by western blotting. The results show that the rise in proteasomal peptidase activity in acute EAE correlates with an augmented expression of inducible β subunits whereas the decline in activity in chronic EAE correlates with a reduction in the amount of standard β subunits. Using pure standard (s) and immuno (i) 20S particles for calibration, we determined that the changes in the levels of catalytic subunits account for all of the fluctuations in peptidase activities in EAE. The i‐20S and s‐20S proteasome were found to degrade carbonylated β‐actin with similar efficiency, suggesting that the amount of protein carbonyls in EAE may be controlled by the activity of both core particles. We also found an increase in proteasome activator 11S regulatory particle and a decrease in inhibitor proteasome inhibitor with molecular mass of 31 kDa levels in acute EAE, reflecting a response to inflammation. Elevated levels of 19S regulatory particle and 11S regulatory particle in chronic EAE, however, may occur in response to diminished proteasomal activity in this phase. These findings are central towards understanding the altered proteasomal physiology in inflammatory demyelinating disorders.
Sensory and demographic characteristics of deafblindness rehabilitation clients in Montréal, Canada
Authors: Wittich Walter , Watanabe Donald H , Gagné Jean‐Pierre 
Published: February 2012

Citation information: Wittich W, Watanabe DH & Gagné J‐P. Sensory and demographic characteristics of deafblindness rehabilitation clients in Montréal Canada. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2012, 32, 242–251. doi: 10.1111/j.1475‐1313.2012.00897.xAbstractPurpose:  Demographic changes are increasing the number of older adults with combined age‐related vision and hearing loss, while medical advances increase the survival probability of children with congenital dual (or multiple) impairments due to pre‐maturity or rare hereditary diseases. Rehabilitation services for these populations are highly in demand since traditional uni‐sensory rehabilitation approaches using the other sense to compensate are not always utilizable. Very little is currently known about the client population characteristics with dual sensory impairment. The present study provides information about demographic and sensory variables of persons in the Montreal region that were receiving rehabilitation for dual impairment in December 2010. This information can inform researchers, clinicians, educators, as well as administrators about potential research and service delivery priorities.Method:  A chart review of all client files across the three rehabilitation agencies that offer integrated dual sensory rehabilitation services in Montreal provided data on visual acuity, visual field, hearing detection thresholds, and demographic variables.Results:  The 209 males and 355 females ranged in age from 4 months to 105 years (M = 71.9, S.D. = 24.6), indicating a prevalence estimate for dual sensory impairment at 15/100 000. Only 5.7% were under 18 years of age, while 69.1% were over the age of 65 years, with 43.1% over the age of 85 years. The diagnostic combination that accounted for 31% of the entire sample was age‐related macular degeneration with presbycusis. Their visual and auditory measures indicated that older adults were likely to fall into moderate to severe levels of impairment on both measures. Individuals with Usher Syndrome comprised 20.9% (n = 118) of the sample.Conclusion:  The age distribution in this sample of persons with dual sensory impairment indicates that service delivery planning will need to strongly consider the growing presence of older adults as the baby‐boomers approach retirement age. The distribution of their visual and auditory limits indicates that the large majority of this client group has residual vision and hearing that can be maximized in the rehabilitation process in order to restore functional abilities and social participation. Future research in this area should identify the specific priorities in both rehabilitation and research in individuals affected with combined vision and hearing loss.
Hospital Volume and Mortality of Very Low‐Birthweight Infants in South America
Authors: Wehby George L. , Lopez‐Camelo Jorge , Castilla Eduardo E. 
Published: February 2012

ObjectiveTo assess the effects of hospital volume of very low‐birthweight (VLBW) infants on in‐hospital mortality of VLBW and very preterm birth (VPB) infants in South America.Data Sources/Study SettingBirth‐registry data for infants born in 1982–2008 at VLBW or very preterm in 66 hospitals in Argentina, Brazil, and Chile.DesignRegression analyses that adjust for several individual‐level demographic, socioeconomic, and health factors; hospital‐level characteristics; and country‐fixed effects are employed.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsPhysicians interviewed mothers before hospital discharge and abstracted hospital medical records using similar methods at all hospitals.Principal FindingsVolume has significant nonlinear beneficial effects on VLBW and VPB in‐hospital survival. The largest survival benefits––more than 80 percent decrease in mortality rates––are with volume increases from low to medium or medium‐high levels (from ≤25 to 72 infants annually) with significantly lower incremental benefits thereafter. The cumulative volume effects are maximized at the 121–144 annual VLBW infant range––about 90 percent decrease in mortality rates compared to <25 VLBW infants annually.ConclusionsIncreasing the access of pregnancies at‐risk of VLBW and VPB to medium‐ or high‐volume hospitals up to 144 VLBW infants per year may substantially improve in‐hospital infant survival in the study countries.
Measuring Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Health Care: Methods and Practical Issues
Authors: Cook Benjamin Lê , McGuire Thomas G. , Zaslavsky, Alan M. 
Published: February 2012

ObjectiveTo review methods of measuring racial/ethnic health care disparities.Study DesignIdentification and tracking of racial/ethnic disparities in health care will be advanced by application of a consistent definition and reliable empirical methods. We have proposed a definition of racial/ethnic health care disparities based in the Institute of Medicine's (IOM) Unequal Treatment report, which defines disparities as all differences except those due to clinical need and preferences. After briefly summarizing the strengths and critiques of this definition, we review methods that have been used to implement it. We discuss practical issues that arise during implementation and expand these methods to identify sources of disparities. We also situate the focus on methods to measure racial/ethnic health care disparities (an endeavor predominant in the United States) within a larger international literature in health outcomes and health care inequality.Empirical ApplicationWe compare different methods of implementing the IOM definition on measurement of disparities in any use of mental health care and mental health care expenditures using the 2004–2008 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.ConclusionDisparities analysts should be aware of multiple methods available to measure disparities and their differing assumptions. We prefer a method concordant with the IOM definition.
The gasotransmitter hydrogen sulphide decreases Na+ transport across pulmonary epithelial cells
Authors: Althaus M , Urness KD , Clauss WG , Baines DL , Fronius M 
Published: February 2012

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The transepithelial absorption of Na+ in the lungs is crucial for the maintenance of the volume and composition of epithelial lining fluid. The regulation of Na+ transport is essential, because hypo‐ or hyperabsorption of Na+ is associated with lung diseases such as pulmonary oedema or cystic fibrosis. This study investigated the effects of the gaseous signalling molecule hydrogen sulphide (H2S) on Na+ absorption across pulmonary epithelial cells.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Ion transport processes were electrophysiologically assessed in Ussing chambers on H441 cells grown on permeable supports at air/liquid interface and on native tracheal preparations of pigs and mice. The effects of H2S were further investigated on Na+ channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes and Na+/K+‐ATPase activity in vitro. Membrane abundance of Na+/K+‐ATPase was determined by surface biotinylation and Western blot. Cellular ATP concentrations were measured colorimetrically, and cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations were measured with Fura‐2.KEY RESULTS H2S rapidly and reversibly inhibited Na+ transport in all the models employed. H2S had no effect on Na+ channels, whereas it decreased Na+/K+‐ATPase currents. H2S did not affect the membrane abundance of Na+/K+‐ATPase, its metabolic or calcium‐dependent regulation, or its direct activity. However, H2S inhibited basolateral calcium‐dependent K+ channels, which consequently decreased Na+ absorption by H441 monolayers.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS H2S impairs pulmonary transepithelial Na+ absorption, mainly by inhibiting basolateral Ca2+‐dependent K+ channels. These data suggest that the H2S signalling system might represent a novel pharmacological target for modifying pulmonary transepithelial Na+ transport.
The use of animal models in diabetes research
Authors: King Aileen JF 
Published: February 2012

Diabetes is a disease characterized by a relative or absolute lack of insulin, leading to hyperglycaemia. There are two main types of diabetes: type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is due to an autoimmune destruction of the insulin‐producing pancreatic beta cells, and type 2 diabetes is caused by insulin resistance coupled by a failure of the beta cell to compensate. Animal models for type 1 diabetes range from animals with spontaneously developing autoimmune diabetes to chemical ablation of the pancreatic beta cells. Type 2 diabetes is modelled in both obese and non‐obese animal models with varying degrees of insulin resistance and beta cell failure. This review outlines some of the models currently used in diabetes research. In addition, the use of transgenic and knock‐out mouse models is discussed. Ideally, more than one animal model should be used to represent the diversity seen in human diabetic patients.LINKED ARTICLESAnimal ModelsThis paper is the latest in a series of publications on the use of animal models in pharmacology research. Readers might be interested in the previous papers.Robinson V (2009). Less is more: reducing the reliance on animal models for nausea and vomiting research.Holmes AM, Rudd JA, Tattersall FD, Aziz Q, Andrews PLR (2009). Opportunities for the replacement of animals in the study of nausea and vomiting.Giacomotto J and Ségalat L (2010). High‐throughput screening and small animal models, where are we?McGrath JC, Drummond GB, McLachlan EM, Kilkenny C, Wainwright CL (2010). Guidelines for reporting experiments involving animals: the ARRIVE guidelines.Kilkenny C, Browne W, Cuthill IC, Emerson M, Altman DG (2010). The ARRIVE guidelines.Emerson M (2010). Refinement, reduction and replacement approaches to in vivo cardiovascular research.Berge O‐G (2011). Predictive validity of behavioural animal models for chronic pain.Vickers SP, Jackson HC and Cheetham SC (2011). The utility of animal models to evaluate novel anti‐obesity agents.Percie du Sert N, Holmes AM, Wallis R, Andrews PLR (2012). Predicting the emetic liability of novel chemical entities: a comparative study.The complete series including future publications, as they occur, can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1476‐5381/homepage/animal_models.htm.
From Rio to Rio via Johannesburg: Integrating institutions across governance levels in sustainable development deliberations
Authors: Karlsson‐Vinkhuyzen Sylvia I. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractTwenty years of international deliberations on sustainable development reaches another peak in 2012 during the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, Rio+20. However, with every review of the implementation of the ambitious Agenda 21, it becomes more difficult to reignite the “spirit of Rio” and in this paper I argue that one contributing factor is the inability to find a way to vertically integrate institutions and other actors across governance levels. The paper analyzes this long deliberation process and its normative outcome with respect to its multi‐levelness and approach to vertical integration. It concludes that both the first Earth Summit in Rio 1992 and the World Summit on Sustainable Development expressed high ambitions for dynamic interaction between governance at different levels, both in the deliberation and implementation stages. Yet, the actual number of practical links between levels could have been much higher and the references to vertical linkages in the conference process decreased over time. The preparations for Rio+20 continue this downward trend despite a widespread recognition that the need for coherence and integration were major motivational factors for Rio+20. The prospects for the process to stimulate the forming of coalitions of the willing that could bring closer vertical integration and implement multi‐level governance are thereby limited.
Trivializing sustainability: Environmental governance and rhetorical free‐riders in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: da Fonseca Igor Ferraz , Bursztyn Marcel , Allen Benjamin S. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractInterventions focused on sustainability at a local level tend to employ practices according to criteria that are widely accepted in the international development community. These practices constitute an informal “handbook,” establishing general rules for sustainable development to be applied to any situation. In response, local communities endeavor to formally meet these procedural criteria regardless of whether or not the desired end — sustainable development — can be achieved through them. The aim of this study is to demonstrate how the factors that are regarded as necessary for good governance affected the implementation of Agenda 21 programs in three Amazonian municipalities in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. We find that, contrary to expectations among international development practitioners, preoccupation with a formal adherence to good governance criteria is associated with the opening of a gap between the discourse of sustainable development and the actual results of the Agenda 21 processes. This paper stresses the need to avoid overtaking the rationale of ends by the discourse concerning means.
Trade‐offs between environmental protection and economic development in China's fisheries policy: A political analysis on the adoption and implementation of the Fisheries Law 2000
Authors: Ferraro Gianluca , Brans Marleen 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe Rio Declaration of 1992 called for states to integrate environmental protection in their process of development in order to achieve the ultimate goal of sustainable development (Principle 4). The paper investigates to what extent the People's Republic of China (PRC) has integrated environmental protection into her fisheries policy. The environment/development nexus is analysed in relation to the adoption and implementation of the Fisheries Law of 2000. Official documents and, more importantly, interviews conducted in several organizations at multiple levels of governance disclose a complex reality beyond the formal commitment to sustainable fisheries. Diverging interests, goals and strategies can be traced beyond formal policy documents in Beijing, Guangdong and between the Centre and the Province. Inter‐organizational divergences at the central and local levels, as well as between them, hinder the pursuit of environmental protection in the development of China's fisheries sector. The paper highlights the political complexity of pursuing more responsible fisheries in the multi‐actor and multi‐level political‐administrative system of the PRC. Here, as well as in many other developing countries, economic development constitutes the policy priority. Environmental protection often remains not only an ambitious objective but also an unperceived need.
Substitution of tenofovir/emtricitabine for Hepatitis B immune globulin prevents recurrence of Hepatitis B after liver transplantation
Authors: Todd Stravitz R. , Shiffman Mitchell L. , Kimmel Melissa , Puri Puneet , Luketic Velimir A. , Sterling Richard K. , Sanyal Arun J. , Cotterell Adrian H. , Posner Marc P. , Fisher Robert A. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundHepatitis B immune globulin (HBIg) with or without nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) inhibitors has been shown to prevent recurrence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) following orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). However, the use of HBIg has many disadvantages.AimsThe present study was performed to determine if converting patients from HBIg±NA to combination NA therapy could prevent recurrence of HBV.MethodsTwenty‐one recipients without evidence of HBV recurrence on HBIg±NA for ≥6 months were enrolled. Patients received their last injection of HBIg at the time they initiated tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC; Truvada®) and were followed up for 31.1 ± 9.0 [range 15–47] months.ResultsAfter 1 year, 3 patients (14%) had detectable HBsAg, one of whom was non‐compliant. Two of 3 with recurrence cleared HBsAg by last follow‐up on TDF/FTC; the non‐compliant patient became HBV DNA‐undetectable with re‐institution of TDF/FTC. TDF/FTC saved $12,469/year over our standard‐of‐care, monthly intramuscular HBIg/lamivudine. There was no evidence of a general adverse effect of TDF/FTC on renal function. However, 3 patients developed reversible acute renal failure; on renal biopsy, 1 had possible TDF/FTC‐induced acute tubular necrosis.ConclusionsSubstitution of TDF/FTC for HBIg prevented recurrence of HBV DNA in 100% (20/20) of patients who were compliant with the medication and led to substantial cost savings over HBIg‐containing regimens.