bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trichloroethylene induces dopaminergic neurodegeneration in Fisher 344 rats
Authors: Liu Mei , Choi Dong‐Young , Hunter Randy L. , Pandya Jignesh D. , Cass Wayne A. , Sullivan Patrick G. , Kim Hyoung‐Chun , Gash Don M. , Bing Guoying 
Published: November 2009

J. Neurochem. (2010) 112, 773–783.AbstractTrichloroethylene, a chlorinated solvent widely used as a degreasing agent, is a common environmental contaminant. Emerging evidence suggests that chronic exposure to trichloroethylene may contribute to the development of Parkinson’s disease. The purpose of this study was to determine if selective loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons could be reproduced by systemic exposure of adult Fisher 344 rats to trichloroethylene. In our experiments, oral administration of trichloroethylene induced a significant loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta in a dose‐dependent manner, whereas the number of both cholinergic and GABAergic neurons were not decreased in the striatum. There was a robust decline in striatal levels of 3, 4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid without a significant depletion of striatal dopamine. Rats treated with trichloroethylene showed defects in rotarod behavior test. We also found a significantly reduced mitochondrial complex I activity with elevated oxidative stress markers and activated microglia in the nigral area. In addition, we observed intracellular α‐synuclein accumulation in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve, with some in nigral neurons, but little in neurons of cerebral cortex. Overall, our animal model exhibits some important features of Parkinsonism, and further supports that trichloroethylene may be an environmental risk factors for Parkinson’s disease.
DO MULTIPLE LARGE SHAREHOLDERS PLAY A CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ROLE? EVIDENCE FROM EAST ASIA
Authors: Attig Najah , El Ghoul Sadok , Guedhami Omrane 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe examine the governance role of multiple large shareholder structures (MLSS) to determine their valuation effects in a sample of 1,252 publicly traded firms from nine East Asian economies. We find that the presence, number, and size of multiple large shareholders are associated with a significant valuation premium. Our results also show that the identity of MLSS influences corporate value and that the valuation effects of MLSS are more pronounced in firms with greater agency costs. Our results imply that MLSS play a valuable monitoring role in curbing the diversion of corporate resources.
Effect of antivenin dose on outcome from crotalid envenomation: 218 dogs (1988–2006)
Authors: McCown Jennifer L. , Cooke Kirsten L. , Hanel Rita M. , Jones Galin L. , Hill Richard C. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjective
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To determine whether the dose of antivenin administered is associated with a difference in survival of crotalid‐envenomated dogs. A secondary objective was to determine whether other covariables affect survival.Design
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Retrospective study (1988–2006).Setting
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Private referral center and university small animal teaching hospital.Animals
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Two hundred and eighteen dogs with evidence of crotalid envenomation and treatment with equine‐derived antivenin.Interventions
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Administration of antivenin.Measurements and Main Results
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Patient signalment, physical and clinicopathologic data at time of presentation, treatments, complications of antivenin therapy, length and cost of hospitalization, and outcome were recorded. Confidence intervals were determined for the difference in median number of vials administered and for median dosage for patients that lived versus died. Penalized logistic regression was performed to evaluate the effect of other covariables on survival. The median age of affected dogs was 3 years (range 6  w–12  y) with a median weight of 25.7 kg (range 1.95–86.4 kg). The median number of antivenin vials administered was 1.0 (range 1.0–10.0). Acute and chronic reactions were reported in 7% (16/218) and 0.9% (2/218) of dogs, respectively. Nine of 218 dogs (4.1%) died. The median number of vials administered to the nonsurvivors and survivors were 2.0 (range 1–5 vials) and 1.0 (range 1–10 vials), respectively. The median number of vials received was significantly different in dogs that died versus those that lived (P<0.05). Increased heart rate (P=0.02) and petechiation (P=0.04) were associated with decreased likelihood of survival, while diphenhydramine (P=0.02) and fluoroquinolone (P=0.046) administration was associated with increased likelihood of survival. The median duration of hospitalization was 1.0 day (range 2 h–22 d). The median cost of hospitalization was US$1592.00 (range US$267.20–US$6738.00).Conclusion
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The administration of more vials of antivenin is potentially associated with negative outcome; however, a causal relationship has not been established. Controlled, prospective studies are needed to optimize antivenin administration.
Subcutaneous Sumatriptan Pharmacokinetics: Delimiting the Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor Effect
Authors: Fox Anthony W. 
Published: November 2009

(Headache 2010;50:249‐255)Background.— The absolute bioavailability of subcutaneous (s.c.) sumatriptan is 96‐100%. The decay curve for plasma concentration after 6 mg s.c. sumatriptan (ie, after Tmax = about 0.2 hours) includes a large distribution component. Metabolism by monoamine oxidase‐A (MAO‐A) leads to about 40% of the s.c. dose appearing in the urine as the inactive indole acetic acid. Product labeling states that co‐administration of an inhibitor of MAO‐A (a MAOI‐A) causes a 2‐fold increase in sumatriptan plasma concentrations, and a 40% increase in elimination half‐life.Objective.— The objective of this study is to determine whether MAOI‐A therapy should deter the use of 6 mg s.c. sumatriptan on pharmacokinetic grounds.Methods.— Summary pharmacokinetic data were taken from the literature and from GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) study C92‐050. Half‐times were converted into rate constants, which were then used in a parsimonious compartmental model (needing only 3 simultaneous differential equations). Acceptance criteria for the model included observed plasma sumatriptan concentrations at Tmax, 1, 2, and 10 hours post‐dose. A set of 1000 concentration measurements at a resolution of 36 seconds was generated. The model was then perturbed with elimination constants observed during concomitant moclobemide administration, creating a second set of concentration measurements. The 2 sets were then plotted, examined for their differences, and integrated for a second time to obtain and compare areas under the curve (AUCs).Results.— The greatest absolute difference between the 2 sets of measurements was 2.85 ng/mL at t = 2.95 hours. A 2‐fold difference between the 2 sets occurred only after t = 5.96 hours, when the concentration in the presence of the MAOI‐A was 3.72 ng/mL (or <4% of Cmax). At t = 10 hours, the concentrations in both sets were <1 ng/mL (ie, below the lower limit of assay quantitation), and AUC0‐10h was 97.4 and 117 ng.hour/mL in the absence and presence of the MAOI‐A.Conclusions.— There are no pharmacokinetic grounds to deter co‐administration of an MAOI‐A and subcutaneous sumatriptan. The dominance of the distribution phase and completeness of absorption of a 6 mg dose of s.c. sumatriptan explains the trivial effect size of the MAOI‐A on plasma sumatriptan concentrations. Importantly, these findings should not be extrapolated to other routes of administration for sumatriptan.
Safety of Deferring the Reimplantation of Pacing Systems After Their Removal for Infectious Complications in Selected Patients: A 1‐Year Follow‐Up Study
Authors: MARIJON ELOI , DE GUILLEBON MAXIME , BORDACHAR PIERRE , JACOB SOPHIE , VAHDAT OLIVIER , SIDOBRE LAURENT , DEPLAGNE ANTOINE , COMBES NICOLAS , ALBENQUE JEAN‐PAUL , CLEMENTY JACQUES , HAISSAGUERRE MICHEL , RITTER PHILIPPE , BOVEDA SERGE 
Published: November 2009

Introduction:
Recent expert consensus guidelines mention that one of the principles for infected device replacement following removal is to “reevaluate carefully if there is a continued need for a new cardiac device replacement.” This is a Class I recommendation, which nevertheless suffers from a very low level of evidence (level of evidence C), since no study has revisited the systematic practice of reimplanting the same device based on a meticulous clinical reassessment. In the present paper, we examined the safety of withholding the implantation of pacing systems in selected patients.
Methods and Results:
Between January 2005 and December 2007, 188 consecutive patients underwent extractions of infected pacing systems at 2 medical centers. “Low‐risk” patients were identified by (1) a spontaneous heart rate >45 bpm, (2) no symptomatic asystole during monitoring, (3) QRS duration <120 ms when history of AV block was noted, (4) no high‐degree AV block during continuous monitoring. They remained device‐free, unless an adverse clinical event occurred mandating the reimplantation. The primary study endpoint was rate of sudden death and syncope after a 12‐month follow‐up. Among the 74 (39.4%) “low‐risk” patients, a single patient suffered a bradycardia‐related syncopal event corresponding to a 1.3% (95% CI, 0.0–3.9) rate of primary endpoint. Pacing systems were also reimplanted in 24 patients (32.4%) for syncope (n = 1), nonsevere bradycardia‐reated symptoms (n = 17), cardiac resynchronization (n = 2), and for reassurance in 4 asymptomatic patients.
Conclusion:
After removal of infected pacing systems, these preliminary data demonstrated that a strategy of nonsystematic device reimplantation associated with close surveillance was safe in “low‐risk” patients, allowing the administration of antimicrobials in a device‐free state. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 21, pp. 540‐544, May 2010)
Politiques sociales et politiques du travail d'inspiration néolibérale: les leçons de l'expérience latino‐américaine
Authors: FRAILE Lydia 
Published: November 2009

Résumé.Cette introduction aux études nationales qui suivent montre que les politiques sociales et du travail inspirées par le consensus de Washington – appliquées en Amérique latine dans les années quatre‐vingt et quatre‐vingt‐dix – n'ont pas donné les résultats escomptés. Flexibilisation du travail, décentralisation de la négociation, privatisation des retraites et autres mesures ont débouché sur des dégradations en matière d'emploi informel, d'inégalités et de protection sociale. Les mesures n'ont pas réussi à stimuler l'emploi. Mais des leçons ont été tirées: on est revenu sur nombre de ces politiques et des signes indiqueraient qu'une approche politique plus équilibrée émerge en Amérique latine.
The development of PCR‐based markers for molecular sex identification in the model insect species Tribolium castaneum
Authors: Lagisz Malgorzata , Wilde Katie E. , Wolff Kirsten 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), is a major pest of stored grain and cereal crops. It is also an important model species in genetic, ecological, and evolutionary research. The majority of its genome was recently sequenced and published. However, the genomic sequence of the small Y‐chromosome is still undetermined, which hinders the development of molecular sex identification methods. Traditional methods for sexing adult forms of Tribolium beetles are troublesome. Therefore, a method for molecular sex identification in the red flour beetle was developed. One sex‐linked randomly amplified polymorphic DNA marker was converted into a sequence‐characterized amplified region (SCAR). The SCAR was aligned with the T. castaneum reference whole‐genome sequence and fully matched a fragment of a single contig of unknown genomic location. The novelty of the method is that the fragment consists of shorter DNA fragments that are also present at other locations around the genome, but the particular order of these fragments within the sequenced region appeared to be Y‐specific and this property was utilized for marker development. A set of three primers for multiplex PCR reaction was designed resulting in amplification of different length Y‐specific and not‐Y‐specific (control) DNA fragments in a single PCR, which allows to distinguish males from females. The primers successfully sexed pre‐sexed pupae and adult beetles from six laboratory strains, showing that the order of the repeated fragments is conserved in the species and is not strain‐specific.
Seroprevalence of pertussis antitoxin (anti‐PT) in Sweden before and 10 years after the introduction of a universal childhood pertussis vaccination program
Authors: HALLANDER HANS O. , ANDERSSON MIKAEL , GUSTAFSSON LENNART , LJUNGMAN MARGARETHA , NETTERLID EVA 
Published: November 2009

Hallander HO, Andersson M, Gustafsson L, Ljungman M, Netterlid E. Seroprevalence of pertussis antitoxin (anti‐PT) in Sweden before and 10 years after the introduction of a universal childhood pertussis vaccination program. APMIS 2009; 117: 912–22.The prevalence of IgG ELISA antibodies against pertussis toxin (anti‐PT) was studied in two Swedish seroepidemiological studies. One was performed in 1997 when the new pertussis vaccination program was 1 year old (n = 3420). In 2007, when Pa vaccines had been used countrywide for 10 years in the universal child vaccination program, this study was repeated to analyze the effect of vaccination on anti‐PT prevalence (n = 2379). Before the statistical analysis of seroprevalence, children vaccinated within the last 2 years before the serosurveys were excluded. The results indicate a reduced exposure to Bordetella pertussis in the population. The proportion of sera without measurable anti‐PT antibodies increased significantly, aggregated over all comparable age groups, from 3.8% in people sampled in 1997 to 16.3% in people sampled in 2007. For cord blood, 1% was without measurable anti‐PT antibodies in 1997 compared to a significantly higher level, 12%, in 2007. With anti‐PT concentrations of ≥50 and ≥100 EU/ml as cutoff points for ‘recent infection’ the proportion above the cutoff points for younger children was significantly higher in 1997 than in 2007 at both cutoff points. For all adults, 20 years of age and older, the difference in proportions above the lower cutoff point was close to statistically significant, comparing 1997 with 2007. This was not the case at 100 EU/ml. In the 1997 samples of children, there was a significant downward trend of ‘recent infections’ at both cutoff points for three sampled age groups between 5 and 15 years of age from 21% at 5.0–5.5 years of age to 7% at 14.7–15.7 years for the lowest cutoff. In the 2007 samples of children, on the contrary, there was a significant continuous upward trend of ‘recent infections’, at both cutoff points, for four sampled age groups between 4 and 18 years of age – from 4% at 4–5 years of age to 16% at 17–18 years at the lowest cutoff. The continuous increase, with age of children with high anti‐PT concentrations, supports the recent change in the general Swedish childhood vaccination program to include a pre‐school booster at 5–6 years and a school‐leaving booster at 14–16 years of age.
Delineating the impact of neuroantigen vs genetic diversity on MP4‐induced EAE of C57BL/6 and B6.129 mice
Authors: KUERTEN STEFANIE , RODI MICHAEL , JAVERI SITA , GRUPPE TRAUGOTT L. , TARY‐LEHMANN MAGDALENA , LEHMANN PAUL V. , ADDICKS KLAUS 
Published: November 2009

Kuerten S, Rodi M, Javeri S, Gruppe TL, Tary‐Lehmann M, Lehmann PV, Addicks K. Delineating the impact of neuroantigen vs genetic diversity on MP4‐induced EAE of C57BL/6 and B6.129 mice. APMIS 2009; 117: 923–35.MBP‐PLP fusion protein (MP4)‐induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a model for multiple sclerosis (MS) that encompasses both a time‐dependent attack on central nervous system (CNS) regions and a B cell component, mirroring important features of human multiple sclerosis. Comparing C57BL/6 with B6.129 mice immunized with MP4, we point out similarities regarding these hallmarks and thus propose that they are largely dependent on the nature of the MP4 antigen itself, while differences between the two strains suggest that additional fine‐tuning is brought about by the genetic repertoire of the animal. Overall, our data imply that (i) the interplay between both the antigenic trigger and genetic variables can define the outcome of MP4‐induced autoimmune encephalomyelitis in C57BL/6 and B6.129 mice and (ii) that MP4 is not only a strong neuroantigen when it comes to reproducing the dynamics in effector mechanisms as is typical of the disease but also a promising agent for studying interindividual heterogeneity derived from genetic diversity in EAE/MS.
Primary human acute myelogenous leukemia cells release matrix metalloproteases and their inhibitors: release profile and pharmacological modulation
Authors: Reikvam Håkon , Hatfield Kimberley J. , Øyan Anne M. , Kalland Karl H. , Kittang Astrid O. , Bruserud Øystein 
Published: November 2009

Abstract Objectives: Angiogenesis seems important for both leukemogenesis and chemosensitivity in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Angiogenesis is regulated by the balance between pro‐ and antiangiogenic cytokines, which also indicates an important role of matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) and their natural inhibitors, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteases (TIMPs). We investigated the constitutive release of MMPs and TIMPs for a large group of consecutive AML patients. Methods: AML cells were cultured in vitro either alone or together with microvascular endothelial cells, and levels of MMPs and TIMPs were determined in culture supernatants. Results: AML cells showed constitutive release of several MMPs and TIMPs. For all patients, detectable MMP‐10 release was observed, and most patients showed detectable release of at least one additional MMP, usually MMP‐9 or MMP‐2. A significant correlation was found between MMP‐9 and TIMP‐1 release and the release of several CCL and CXCL chemokines. MMP‐9 release was higher for AML cells with monocytic differentiation corresponding to the FAB‐subtype M4/M5 AML; it was mainly released in its inactive form, but endogenously active MMP‐9 could be detected even in the presence of the constitutively released TIMP‐1/2. Endothelial cells released relatively high levels of MMP‐10, and these levels were further increased by coculture with AML cells. Patients achieving complete hematological remission after only one induction cycle showed relatively low constitutive MMP‐2 release. Conclusion: We conclude that primary human AML cells show constitutive release of both MMPs and TIMPs, and this release may be important for leukemogenesis and possibly also for chemosensitivity.
Erythema leprosum – after treatment of Lepromatous Leprosy
Authors: Eickelmann Mareike , Steinhoff Martin , Metze Dieter , Tomimori‐Yamashita Jane , Sunderkötter Cord 
Published: November 2009

SummaryLeprosy is usually well‐controlled by multidrug therapy (MDT). However, in case of noncompliance or leprosy reactions, it may present a therapeutically challenge. A 33‐year‐old Brazilian woman with lepromatous leprosy was treated with MDT for one year, but then discontinued therapy because she wanted to have children. Eight weeks after stopping her medications, she developed a severe and recalcitrant erythema (nodosum) leprosum (ENL) which presented histologically with thrombosed small veins and neutrophilic inflammation in fat septa, but without arteritis. During her pregnancy and ensuing lactation period, glucocorticoids were the only suitable drug. With the use of the shortened WHO/MDT regimen (one year vs. two years of treatment), ENL will probably be seen more often after the end of leprosy therapy. It needs to be rapidly recognized and treated to avoid damage to eyes or kidneys.
Functional polymorphism of cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen 4 and nasopharyngeal carcinoma susceptibility in a Chinese population
Authors: Xiao M. , Qi F. , Chen X. , Luo Z. , Zhang L. , Zheng C. , Hu S. , Jiang X. , Zhou M. , Tang J. 
Published: November 2009

SummaryCytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA‐4; CD152) is a secondary receptor of B7 (CD80 and CD86) and shares homology with the CD28 receptor. Although the structures of CTLA‐4 and CD28 are very similar, they deliver different costimulatory signals. A functional polymorphism in CTLA‐4 exon 1 position +49 that can affect the T‐cell response has been reported by several groups. Previous case–control studies also revealed this polymorphism contribute to the risk of autoimmune diseases and common cancers. However, the relationship between CTLA‐4 functional polymorphism and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) susceptibility has not yet been explored. In this study, we performed a case–control study in a Chinese population. Our result showed that the CTLA‐4 +49 A>G polymorphism is associated with NPC susceptibility. The subjects carrying the CTLA‐4 +49 AA genotype have a ∼1.8‐fold increased risk of NPC (adjust OR 1.83; 95% CI, 1.16–2.93) when compared with the GG genotype.
Differences in soil carbon storage due to mowing, burning and uncontrolled management practices of a grassland at the foot of Mount Sanbe, Japan
Authors: Shimoda Seiji , Takahashi Yoshitaka 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTo investigate how grassland management practices influence soil carbon pools, we compared soil carbon, its stable isotopic composition (δ13C) and plant root mass among three management areas (17 years of mowing, 17 years of burning, and 10 years of no control) in a secondary grassland at the foot of Mount Sanbe (35°07′N, 132°36′E). The influence of the management practices on soil carbon was limited to the top 5 cm, namely, soil carbon content and δ13C in this layer were higher in the mowed area (5.3 kg C m–2 and −16.4‰) compared to the burned (4.4 kg C m–2 and −17.7‰) and uncontrolled (4.3 kg C m–2 and −18.0‰) areas. Root biomass below 5‐cm depth was significantly lower in the mowed area (266 g m–2) than in the burned and uncontrolled areas (1135 and 967 g m–2). The results indicate that management practices for less than 20 years have little effects on soil carbon in deep layers (<5 cm), though deeper distribution of roots in the burned and uncontrolled areas has a potential to supply carbon in the future.
Effect of distance from farm periphery on the risk of forage damage by sika deer (Cervus nippon)
Authors: Tsukada Hideharu , Fukasawa Michiru , Kosako Takami , Nakamura Yoshio , Hanafusa Yasuko 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe foraging behavior of deer can be influenced by both food availability and the “critical distance” from protective vegetation cover. The effect of the distance from the farm periphery on the risk of forage damage by sika deer was investigated in a public pasture in Tochigi Prefecture in central Japan from May to November 2006 and in May 2007. The risk of forage damage by sika deer, evaluated by deer pellet group density, was compared along three line transects at different distances from the farm periphery (10, 110 and 210 m) and among 18 paddocks at different distances from the farm periphery. Deer pellet group abundance in the line transects did not differ significantly with the distance from the periphery but decreased significantly with the distance from the nearest escape cover. The transect‐based deer pellet abundance was more significantly influenced by other factors such as paddock identity and survey month in a generalized linear model. Deer pellet group abundance in the paddocks showed a significant albeit weak negative correlation with distance from the periphery in May 2007, but not in November 2006. The paddock‐based deer pellet abundance was more influenced by sward height than by the distance from the periphery in a generalized linear model. Furthermore, a high density of deer pellet groups was exclusively observed in the paddock just after pasture renovation. These results show that the foraging behavior of sika deer was influenced partially by the distance from the nearest escape cover but largely by other factors such as herbage quality and seasonality.