bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Moine Thrust and Moine Nappe at Loch Eriboll, Sutherland
Authors: Soper N. J. , Wilkinson P. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
The western part of the Moine Nappe in north-west Sutherland consists of a thick belt of blastomylonite of greenschist facies overlain by non-mylonitic Moinian metasediments. It rests on a complex dislocation zone, the Moine Thrust Zone. A four-fold deformation sequence, similar to that established by earlier workers in the Moine Thrust Belt in Wester Ross, is described and interpreted in terms of repeated displacement of the orogen north-westwards relative to the Caledonian foreland. The composition and fabric of the mylonites are described; they are shown to have been derived from both the basement and cover rocks of the foreland. Evidence is adduced that the whole deformation sequence is of post-Cambrian age. Some regional implications are discussed.
The stratigraphy of the North Esk Inlier, Midlothian
Authors: Tipper John Charles 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
The stratigraphic succession in the North Esk Inlier is redescribed and four new formations recognized. These together form the North Esk Group. The lowest (Reservoir) formation is composed of more than 1000 m of alternating mudstones and siltstones, generally poorly fossihferous. The overlying Deerhope Formation is a sequence, up to 155 m thick, of cross-stratified sandstones, including one major conglomeratic interval. The 250 m thick sequence of highly fossiliferous siltstones forming the third (Wether Law Linn) formation contains several beds of volcanic ash, one of which is used to provide time-correlation throughout the inlier. The uppermost (Henshaw) formation is a red bed succession at least 740 m thick: apart from two fish beds it is unfossiliferous. With the exception of the Henshaw Formation which is, at least in part, Wenlock in age, the whole North Esk Group is considered to be of Upper Llandovery (Telychian) age.
The history of the Western Lewisian in the Glenelg Inlier, Lochalsh, Northern Highlands
Authors: Barber A. J. , May F. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
A detailed field and petrographic study has been made of Lewisian rocks forming the western half of the Glenelg inlier. It is concluded that in this part of the inlier an earlier metamorphic and igneous complex was affected by Scourian metamorphism and intruded by a series of dykes (Scourié dykes) before the ‘Caledonian’ orogeny. There is no evidence of a Laxfordian event.
From the metamorphic and deformational episodes recognised in the adjacent Moines a sequence of Caledonian events is established for the rocks of the inlier. It is found that although the rocks have been texturally and mineralogically modified, the outline of their earlier Lewisian history and their essential Scourian characteristics have been preserved.
Correlation o f the later Caledonian events with the formation of mylonites in the Moine Thrust Belt supports the Precambrian age of the early metamorphic and structural events in the Moines indicated by isotopic age dating.
Potassium-argon ages for basic dykes from East Finnmark: stratigraphical and structural implications
Authors: Beckinsale R. D. , Reading H. G. , Rex D. C. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
K–Ar age determinations for basic dykes from both sides of the Trollfjord-Komagelv fault zone of eastern Finnmark fall into three groups. Group A dykes occur on both sides of the fault zone, in the autochthon and in the Raggo and Barents Sea Groups. They are post-tectonic and give an age of 340 m.y. (Upper Devonian). Group B dykes occur in the Båtsfjord area of the Barents Sea region. They cut the thrust between the Raggo and Barents Sea Groups and give ages of about 640 m.y. One dyke (B2) from the Raggo Group, is cleaved and gives an age of 542 m.y. Group C dykes are syntectonic within the Barents Sea Group and give ages of more than 1,000 m.y. but the low potassium content of all but one (1,950 m.y.) dyke reduces the significance of these ages. The age of the Group B dykes shows that the folding and thrusting of the Barents Sea and Raggo Groups of the Båtsfjord area is significantly older than deposition of apparently similarly deformed Cambro-Ordovician of the autochthon. Therefore the Trollfjord-Komagelv fault zone separates two regions, with distinct early geological histories, possibly within different plates. Later, early Ordovician deformation, Silurian sedimentation and late Silurian/early Devonian deformation progressively affected both regions as movement along the fault zone from Ordovician to Devonian times brought the two regions together.
Sandstone-boulder conglomerates and a Torridonian cliffed shoreline between Gairloch and Stoer, northwest Scotland
Authors: Lawson David E. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
A highly irregular and, in places, steep erosion surface overlain by sandstone-boulder conglomerate marks the angular unconformity where the Torridon Group overlies the gently dipping sediments of the Stoer Group. Intermittent exposures suggest a lithosome with an overall linear shape. Locally, infilled embayments and gorges with fossil relief over 30 m occur along the surface of the unconformity. The surface varies from smoothly stepped and gently bevelled with small runnels and channels to strongly bevelled and undercut to near vertical. Using size distribution, roundness and fabric the conglomerate is subdivided into chaotic, boulder and stratified ‘facies’. Size, shape and lithology of the clasts implies local derivation from the underlying Stoer Group and, in places within the chaotic facies where blocks reach 4 by 11 m, very little transport. Imbrication within the boulder facies indicates transport towards the fossil relief.
The nature of the unconformity, the apparent linear lithosome, alignment of large blocks along the cliff trace, local clast derivation, vertical and lateral fining away from the unconformity, imbrication and fabric, combined with heavy mineral bands and associated features of the sand portion of the stratified facies indicate erosion and deposition along a cliffed shoreline by a transgressing sea.
Some 70 m of sands and grey shales transitional between the conglomerate and the Applecross Formation are interpreted as beach and tidal flat deposits.
Sedimentary sequences from the Upper Limestone Group of Northumberland
Authors: Elliott T. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
The Namurian Upper Limestone Group on the Northumberland coast is dominated by a variety of clastic sedimentary sequences which accumulated in an interdistributary bay complex. Small-scale, current-dominated coarsening upwards sequences reflect repeated infilling of the bay by minor mouth bars, crevasse splays and levees. Associated with these sequences are minor crevasse channels and major fluvial channels, one of which is an easterly flowing low sinuosity channel characterised by transverse bars. Transgressive marine carbonate facies periodically interrupt bay sedimentation and are overlain by wave-dominated coarsening upwards sequences which resulted from beach-spit progradation at the bay mouth.
Palaeomagnetic dating of haematite genesis in Orcadian Basin sediments
Authors: Tarling D. H. , Donovan R. N. , Abou-Deeb J. M. , El-Batrouk S. I. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Stable directions of remanence in samples of the red facies of the Old Red Sandstone in the Caithness region correspond to a complex magnetisation mainly acquired in Carbo-Permian times. This indicates that haematite in these sediments formed or passed through a growth stage in late Palaeozoic Permian times that obscured most pre-existing magnetisation and was not seriously affected by any later chemical changes. The timing of this period of haematite growth illustrates the application of palaeomagnetic techniques to the dating of certain post depositional processes in sedimentary rocks and raises problems about the mechanism involved in such changes in the case of the Old Red Sandstones of northern Scotland.
Regolith development and modification on the Morven-Cabrach basic intrusion, Grampian Region
Authors: Dare-Edwards A. J. , Livesey N. T. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Investigation of the mineralogy of the regolith upon the Morven-Cabrach basic intrusion reveals that there is no glacial contamination, and hence little direct modification by the Pleistocene glaciation, above 450 m. There is evidence of intense chemical weathering of presumed Tertiary age and indication of severe periglacial physical activity in the Late Pleistocene, with minor alteration during the Holocene.
The Ballachulish rocks of the Blair Atholl District
Authors: Smith R. A. , Harris A. L. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
A succession of quartzites, limestones and pelitic schists formerly correlated with various parts of the Dalradian Supergroup is described in stratigraphic order, determined by sedimentary structures. Lithological similarities indicate correlation with Ballachulish Subgroup rocks and sedimentary structures strongly suggest that the formations described are older than the Blair Atholl Subgroup of the type-locality.
Different Moinian amphibolite suites in northern Ross-shire
Authors: Winchester J. A. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Two different suites of amphibolite with a basaltic composition occur in the Moinian of northern Ross-shire, where they are associated with pelitic schists. They may be distinguished both texturally and by their differing trace-element geochemistry. The Sgurr Mor amphibolite suite occurs as small schistose bodies in the Sgurr Mor pelite of Fannich Forest and similar schists elsewhere in northern Ross-shire; and the Meall an t-Sithe amphibolite suit comprises massive bodies widely distributed within the Meall an t-Sithe pelite occupying the core of the Fannich Synform.
Most of the trace-element differences between these amphibolite suites can be explained by the Sgurr Mor group consisting o f metamorphosed alkali basalts, and the Meall an t-Sithe group being metamorphosed tholeiites—a division which facilitates recognition of the separate stratigraphic divisions in the Moinian.
Both amphibolite suites differ chemically from the metamorphosed appinitic dykes which intrude all the Moinian divisions of the Western Highlands.
The Loch Lomond Readvance in southern Skye and some palaeoclimatic implications
Authors: Sissons J. B. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
The former existence of 13 glaciers is inferred, comprising 9 in the Cuillins and 4 in the Eastern Red Hills. For each glacier when at its maximal extent the area, volume and equilibrium firn line are determined, and the probable relative importance of direct insolation in the mass balances of the various glaciers is calculated. Glaciers that flowed S and SSW from the radiating corries of the Cuillins were larger and had much lower equilibrium firn lines than those that flowed N and NE, even though direct insolation was of sufficient importance to affect the distribution and size of end moraines. It is inferred that the principal snow-bearing winds were from the south, snowfall being much higher in the S Cuillins than in the NE. For the 8 external corries of the Cuillins there is a very high correlation between corrie volume and glacier volume, suggesting that the relevant climatic parameters had approximately the same relative values during the Loch Lomond Stadial as during numerous earlier periods of limited glaciation.
Anomalous glacial erratics in the southern part of the Outer Hebrides
Authors: Coward M. P. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
On South Uist, in the Outer Hebrides, the Lewisian gneisses are of two distinct types. Glacial erratics from these indicate that during the latest glaciation ice moved from W to E, contrary to evidence of glacial movement o n the Scottish mainland.
A preliminary fission track dating survey of Caledonian “newer and last granites” from the Highlands of Scotland
Authors: Hurford Anthony J. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
The published radiometric age determinations for Scottish Caledonian Newer and Last Granites are reviewed briefly. A short description is given of the theory and techniques of fission track dating. The results of 66 fission track determinations on sphene, zircon and apatite from 17 Newer and Last Granites from the Highlands are presented and their interpretation discussed in relation to previously published ages and the geology of the intrusions. The mean sphene date is 389 ± 8 Myr and the mean zircon date 387 ± 18 Myr; these dates are interpreted as the mean age of initial post-intrusion cooling. Dates from co-existing apatite are substantially lower, showing maxima of ∼ 230 Myr and ∼ 280 Myr. Various interpretations of the apatite data are suggested: the discrepant ages may result from either the slow cooling of the granites at a rate of ∼ 0.8°C/Myr, or from the partial or complete resetting of the dates by subsequent thermal events, or from a combination of slow cooling and resetting.
A Lewisian basement sheet within the Moine at Ribigill, north Sutherland
Authors: Moorhouse Steven J. , Moorhouse Valerie E. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
A Lewisian basement sheet, consisting of hornblende and hornblende-biotite gneiss and amphibolite with a central zone of feldspathic migmatite, tectonically emplaced within the Moine is described using 98 major and trace element analyses of Lewisian and Moine rocks.
The Lewisian rocks are quite distinct from the unmigmatized local Moine metasediments and can be distinguished from a Moine pre-metamorphic basic intrusion (the ‘Ben Hope Sill’) which forms part of the boundary of the Lewisian sheet.
It is inferred, by comparison with published data, that the Ribigill Lewisian originally had a ‘Scourian-type’ geochemistry depleted in K, Rb, Pb, etc., during an early Lewisian high grade metamorphism. The rocks were retrogressed and migmatized during a later Lewisian event, with the introduction of Ce, Th, K, Rb, and possibly Na.
The Ribigill migmatites differ from published accounts of Laxfordian migmatites in several respects most notably in having high K/Rb ratios.
Oxygen isotope studies on Cenozoic temperatures, oceans, and ice accumulation
Authors: Hudson J. D. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
The most successful application of oxygen isotope studies on fossils has been the elucidation of the relationship between temperature changes, glaciation, and the isotopic composition of the oceans during the Pleistocene, from analyses of planktonic and benthonic foraminifera. This work is now being extended into the earlier Cenozoic, and is revealing the history of the accumulation of the Antarctic ice, and much else about Cenozoic climates. A review of the principles, limitations and future promise of the method is given by critically comparing some recent contributions.
The structure of the eastern part of the Insch Mafic Intrusion Aberdeenshire
Authors: Ashcroft W. A. , Munro M. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
A ground magnetic survey and a programme of shallow drilling have enabled considerable revisions to be made to the position of the margin of the Insch mass at its eastern end and revealed that the distribution and attitude of the igneous rock units have been strongly influenced by shear zones trendin g ENE.
New petrological information shows that, except in a restricted area, there is a lack of regular relationships between the cumulate igneous rock units and it is established that the major trends and discontinuities in the contoured magnetic map can be correlated with zones of shearing and mylonitization. Magnetic modelling indicates that the shear zones dip steeply (65–80°) to the south and that the mafic units extend no further than about 2 km in depth. Later faults on N or NW trends have also contributed to the disruption of the intrusion.
These findings are discussed in relation to regional structure and it is suggested that such shearing is more important than has been recognized hitherto and may constitute a discrete and extensive episode of deformation about 470 m.y. in age.
Dispersal of glacial erratics from Lennoxtown, Stirlingshire
Authors: Shakesby R. A. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Dry stone walls are used to trace fans of glacial erratics from outcrops of two small, adjacent but distinctive bodies of essexite near Lennoxtown, Stirlingshire. Contour maps of data point values representing erratic frequency in the walls reveal classic patterns of fans of erratics. A marked contrast in the rate of decline in the frequency of the two varieties in the walls down-ice from the outcrops is attributed to the difference in the spacing of joints in the two rock types. The action of crushing on the closely-jointed variety during glacial transport is believed to have produced erratics generally too small for wall-building within a short distance of the outcrop, whereas blocks of the more massively-jointed variety are still common in the walls up to 20 km from the source. Divergent flow of erratic-bearing ice is suggested as the main agent responsible for spreading erratics in directions at variance to that of general ice flow. Although inferences about glacial processes are made from the wall data, the restricted size range of wall stones has necessitated careful interpretation of the results.
Pollen chronology of the Glen Roy-Loch Laggan proglacial lake drainage
Authors: Macpherson Joyce Brown 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Palynological evidence confirms that the Glen Roy-Loch Laggan proglacial lakes were impounded by ice of the Loch Lomond (Late Devensian) readvance. The highest stage of the lakes persisted until the time of the juniper pollen zone; the lowest stage had disappeared by the time of the beginning of the birch pollen zone. Drainage from the Pattack basin continued to discharge eastward through the Feagour, the lowest of the lake overflow channels, until the time of the birch-hazel pollen zone.
A complete Lower Dalradian succession in the Schiehallion district, Central Perthshire
Authors: Treagus J. E. , King G. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Remapping of the Schiehallion district of Central Perthshire has led to the recognition of a new succession, stratigraphically interposed between the Moine and the Blair Atholl “Series”. A description of the lithologies and comparison with type areas in the SW Highlands clearly shows that this succession comprises the Ballachulish and Lochaber Subgroups of the Lower Dalradian. The succession, although greatly compressed, is considered to be the most complete sequence of the Lower Dalradian yet described.
The geological significance of magnetic anomalies in the region of Islay
Authors: Westbrook Graham K. , Borradaile Graham J. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Upward continuation of the aeromagnetic map for the Islay region has been used to clarify the major anomaly caused by Lewisian rocks which are more strongly magnetized than the overlying metasediments. Interpretation of the magnetic anomaly indicates that the interface between the Lewisian and overlying rocks dips SE and flattens out under the plunge depression of the Loch Awe Syncline of SW Argyllshire, where the maximum present day vertical thickness of metasediments above the interface is estimated to be of the order of 15 km. This interface has played an important part in controlling the structure of the Dalradian rocks in this area, and it is likely that at depth the Loch Skerrols thrust runs along it.
A small prominent anomaly persisting in the upward continued aeromagnetic map may be attributed to a major Dalradian volcanic or igneous complex between Jura and the mainland.
The Loch Gruinart Fault, passing through the area occupied by the main anomaly, cannot be the continuation of the Great Glen Fault and probably has a net sinistral strike-slip component of only a few kilometres.
An Appalachian View of the Moine Thrust
Authors: Barton C. M. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Deformation in advance of the Moine thrust sheet was essentially in the cover, and was mechanically similar to that in the western Appalachians. Shearing along zones of décollement in the autochthon eventually guided the crystalline sheet into position. The décollement was not located within a single stratigraphic horizon, but rather, changed position along the strike of the fault. Steep fractures connected different glide zones and nucleated fold culminations during movement of the Moine sheet. The final shape of the Assynt culmination is a result of emplacement across an anticlinal fracture in the platform. Shortening normal to the direction of emplacement is required and may have been accommodated in part by small-scale folds which plunge down the dip of the fault.
Upper Old Red Sandstone near Kirkbean, Dumfries and Galloway
Authors: Leeder M. R. , Bridges P. H. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Two small inliers of Upper Old Red Sandstone facies near Kirkbean contain thin successions of alluvial redbed facies and pedogenic cornstones. The clastic deposits are thought to be derived locally, probably from the adjacent Criffel uplands. Lateral facies variations indicate deposition in small, isolated depositional hollows sculptured in Silurian greywackes. Deposition may have been at the same time or slightly earlier than the eruption of the basal Carboniferous Birrenswark Lavas along the northern margin of the Northumberland basin to the north-east and was finally terminated by basalt lavas covering the area.
Heavy mineral distribution in the Old Red Sandstone of the North-Eastern Midland Valley of Scotland
Authors: Braithwaite C. J. R. , Ali A. Jawad 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis

Heavy minerals from the Old Red Sandstone in the eastern part of the Midland Valley of Scotland include haematite (grouped with
limonite and
goethite), ilmenite (with leucoxene), amphiboles, pyroxenes, garnet, staurolite, epidotes, apatite, rutile, tourmaline, zircon and monazite.

Although individual sources and transport paths cannot be recognized, the distribution of stable minerals demonstrates the presence of groups of streams draining particular families of source rocks.
The three older formations of the Lower Old Red Sandstone have insufficient outcrop to reveal any general picture, but the Arbuthnott, Garvock and Strathmore Groups have a number of well defined centres of distribution related to sources both north of the Highland line and, probably, to the east of the present coastline. One of these centres lay in the vicinity of Stonehaven and others to the west, notably near Blairgowrie. There is insufficient evidence to reach general conclusions on the Upper Old Red Sandstone.
Glen Garry vein complex
Authors: Fettes D. , Macdonald R. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
The vein complex is one of several phases of late Caledonian igneous activity NW of the Great Glen. It post-dates the regional suite of microdiorites and the Cluanie Granodiorite. The veins which are massive and cross-cutting are predominantly of granodiorite composition although they range from quartz-diorite to leucogranite. Cross-cutting relationships consistently indicate that the more acid members are the youngest in the intrusive sequence. Major element analysis defines the complex as a chemically coherent suite which is readily distinguishable from other Caledonian calc-alkaline rocks. The complex has evolved by fractional crystallization. Major and minor element analyses as well as textural relationships indicate that the suite was dominated by fractionation of firstly hornblende and then plagioclase. Comparisons of this sequence with published experimental data and consideration of feldspar analyses suggests that the suite may have evolved at relatively high water pressures. The source of the parent quartz-diorite magma is problematical. The Moine host rocks are too silicic and too potassic. Also, trace element chemistry indicates some differences from published analyses of Lewisian basement rocks. Intrusion of the suite may be related to late Caledonian stresses associated with faulting on the Great Glen Fault.