bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Methodology Aid in Production Enhancement by Segmented Completion using Sonic and Resistivity Imaging data in Horizontal Drain-holes
Authors: Ghosh Arnab , Shrivastva Chandramani , Sikdar Koushik , Ghosh Krishnendu , Avtar Ram , Majithia P. P. , Baishya R. C. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Well completion is a critical interface between the productive formation and the wellbore. The optimization of well completion to improve the production performances of horizontal wells in a heterogeneous carbonate reservoir is always a challenge. Carbonate reservoir of an offshore field located at south-east of well-known Mumbai High is extremely heterogeneous. This reservoir has a thin oil-rim which is the the key target for horizontal drain-hole placemnt. Segmented completion is used to address this lateral heterogeneity and to avoid water-breakthrough with enhanced oil production. The present study is focussed on an effective drain-hole compartmentalization using a robust work-flow in a rational and timely manner.
A methodology has been adopted using a set of well-logs in several horizontal drain-holes. Apart from basic open- hole logs (gamma-ray, resistivity, density and neutron measurements), borehole sonic imager derived results have been integrated with resistivity micro-imager analysis, which helped in isolation of heterogeneous zones. Formation slowness were extracted and used for rock-mechanical property determination. Stoneley waveform derived analysis in association with cross- dipole derived shear anisotropy results helped in swell-packer placements and segmented completion. In addition, advanced sonic analysis derived radial profiling results are also incorporated for successful placement of swell-packers by avoiding altered zones. A detailed quantification of secondary porosity and connectedness in addition with other formation-textural analysis has been incorporated from micro-resistivity imager data.
The result shows the success of swell-packer placement for segmented completion. The integrated solution, using basic and advanced well-log interpretation, was carried out within a few hours of the wireline logging for effective completion design in all the study wells. A cumulative oil production of 6000 BOPD with 5- 6% water-cut was achieved from five such wells in the same field using this methodology of completion optimization and production enhancement.
Successful Application of Acid-Soluble Plugs in Open Hole Slotted-Liner Completion
Authors: Repetto C. , Moroni N. , Pilia L. , D’Ancona E. , Ravi K. , Santra A. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Drilling and cementing naturally fractured carbonate reservoirs can be challenging and cause serious well-control issues because of the high probability of heavy or total losses. The Kashagan field located in the Caspian Sea area is characterized by a carbonate reservoir with high pressure, high contents of H2S and CO2, and presence of natural karsts/fractures.
Because of well-control issues resulting from heavy losses while entering the reservoir section, the closed-hole circulation drilling (CHCD) technique is often used to mitigate the problem. As a standard configuration, the reservoir section is cased with a 5 1/2-in. liner, cemented, and then perforated, but the heavy losses sometimes limit the casing and cementing zones. The alternative completion architecture is to deploy a 4 1/2-in. slotted liner with a preinstalled plug, properly tested either at surface or at bottomhole, to act as a second barrier while running the liner using the mud-cap technique and also while running in hole with the upper completion.
Different types of plugs were investigated and evaluated, considering the minimum rating requirements (6,500 psi as maximum differential pressure across the plug), the ease of installation, and testing and retrieving procedures. The main criteria for the selection of the best solution were simplicity and reliability.
Among all the possible options, three different plugs were selected and deemed fit-for-purpose for the completion design. Among these options, the simplest solution was deemed to be a chemical cement plug for ease of installation and the removing procedures. To confirm reliability in terms of load capability, different laboratory tests were carried out to determine the mechanical properties of the plug and the removal of the plug on demand.
The plugs were placed in a blank joint of a 4 1/2-in. slotted liner and laboratory tests conducted to test the integrity of the plug. The lab results were successful and subsequently three chemical cement plugs have been run in the field. Subsequent well operations such as running the completion assembly and displacing the balanced fluid to the lighter packer fluid have been carried out without any problem.
Laboratory tests, field installation, and results are presented here and discussed. This should help the industry solve challenges in running slotted liners in difficult well conditions.
Comparison of Radioimmunoprecipitation With Luciferase Immunoprecipitation for Autoantibodies to GAD65 and IA-2β
Authors: Burbelo Peter D. , Hirai Hiroki , Issa Alexandra T. , Kingman Albert , Lernmark Åke , Ivarsson Sten-A. , Notkins Abner L. , Iadarola Michael J. 
Published: January 2010

OBJECTIVE
To compare the sensitivity and specificity of luciferase immunoprecipitation (LIPS) with radioimmunoprecipitation (RIP) for the measurement of autoantibodies to the type 1 diabetes autoantigens glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) and insulinoma-associated protein (IA)-2β.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Sera from 49 type 1 diabetic patients and 100 nondiabetic control subjects from Diabetes Antibody Standardization Program 2007 were used to screen for autoantibodies to GAD65. An additional 200 type 1 diabetic patients and 200 nondiabetic control subjects were used to validate the GAD65 results and screen for autoantibodies to IA-2β.

RESULTS
LIPS showed equal sensitivity and specificity to RIP for detecting autoantibodies to GAD65 and IA-2β. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis revealed that the detection of autoantibodies to GAD65 and IA-2β by LIPS and RIP were not statistically different.

CONCLUSIONS
The LIPS assay does not require the use of radioisotopes or in vitro transcription/translation and is a practical alternative at the clinical level for the RIP assay.
Peripartum hysterectomy and cesarean delivery: a population‐based study
Authors: STIVANELLO ELISA , KNIGHT MARIAN , DALLOLIO LAURA , FRAMMARTINO BRUNELLA , RIZZO NICOLA , FANTINI MARIA PIA 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjective. To estimate the incidence of peripartum hysterectomy in an Italian Region (Emilia‐Romagna) and investigate its association with cesarean delivery. Design. Population‐based retrospective study using hospital discharge records. Setting. All public and private hospitals in Emilia‐Romagna region, Italy. Population. A total of 151,494 women delivering between 2003 and 2006, 131 of whom had a peripartum hysterectomy. Methods. Peripartum hysterectomy was defined as a hysterectomy performed at the time of delivery or afterwards during the same hospitalization. Incidence rates were calculated by type of delivery. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated with logistic regression to evaluate the association between peripartum hysterectomy and delivery type. Main outcome measures. Incidence rates of peripartum hysterectomy by type of delivery; odds of peripartum hysterectomy after primary or repeat cesarean compared with vaginal delivery without previous cesarean. Results. A total of 131 peripartum hysterectomies were performed among 151,494 deliveries (0.86/1,000 deliveries; 95% CI 0.72–1.03) with 20.7% primary and 9.6% repeat cesarean deliveries. Women undergoing a primary caesarean delivery were more likely to have a peripartum hysterectomy than women having a vaginal delivery who had never had a cesarean delivery (OR 6.48; 95% CI 4.16–10.07). Women undergoing a repeat caesarean delivery were also at increased risk (OR 3.69; 95% CI 2.11–6.46). Conclusions. In this population, primary and repeat cesarean deliveries are associated with an increased risk of peripartum hysterectomy. These results are of particular concern given the steady increase in the cesarean delivery rate in many countries. The pathological mechanism of this association requires further investigation.
Comparison of gestational sac volume by 3D‐sonography using planimetric, virtual organ computer‐aided analysis and extended imaging virtual organ computer‐aided analysis methods between 7 and 11 weeks of pregnancy
Authors: MACHADO NARDOZZA LUCIANO MARCONDES , ROLO LILIAM CRISTINE , JÚNIOR EDWARD ARAUJO , NOWAK PAULO MARTIN , FILHO JOÃO BORTOLETTI , MORON ANTONIO FERNANDES 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjective. To compare different three‐dimensional (3D) methods in the assessment of gestational sac volume (GSV). Design. Cross‐sectional study involving 74 normal pregnancies between 7 and 11 weeks. Setting. Department of Obstetrics, São Paulo Federal University (UNIFESP). Methods. GSV was measured through 3D ultrasound using the planimetric, virtual organ computer‐aided analysis (VOCAL) and extended imaging virtual organ computer‐aided analysis (XI VOCAL) methods. The planimetric method used a sequence of adjacent planes that are 3 mm thick. For the VOCAL methods, six adjacent planes and a 30° rotation were used. A total of 15 adjacent planes were used for the XI VOCAL method. Regression models with a determination coefficient (R2) were created to assess the correlation between GSV and gestational age (GA). Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland‐Altman graphs were used to assess the correlation between the three methods and ANOVA was used to compare means. Results. All three methods showed a correlation between GSV and GA (R2 = 0.65 for XI VOCAL, R2 = 0.65 for planimetric and R2 = 0.66 for VOCAL). There was a strong correlation between the three methods (XI VOCAL vs. planimetric ICC = 0.995; XI VOCAL vs. VOCAL ICC = 0.998 and planimetric vs. VOCAL ICC = 0.995) without any significant differences according to the Bland‐Altman graphs or ANOVA (p < 0.002). Conclusions. The three 3D ultrasound methods used for GSV assessment between 7 and 11 weeks are concordant. These methods can be used interchangeably during the first trimester of pregnancy to measure GSV.
Does antenatal care facilitate utilization of emergency obstetric care? A case‐referent study of near‐miss morbidity in Bolivia
Authors: RÖÖST MATTIAS , ALTAMIRANO VÍCTOR CONDE , LILJESTRAND JERKER , ESSÉN BIRGITTA 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjective. To determine whether lack of routine antenatal care (ANC) is associated with near‐miss morbidity upon arrival at hospital. Design. Case‐referent study. Setting. Four maternity hospitals in La Paz and El Alto, Bolivia, where free maternal health care is provided through a government subsidized program. Sample. Women with severe maternal morbidity upon arrival at hospital (n = 297). Facility‐matched referents with an uncomplicated childbirth at hospital (n = 297). Methods. Prospective inclusion of participants over a period of six months, using clinical and management‐based criteria for near‐miss. Multivariate logistic regression. Main outcome measures. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Individual and joint effects of interacting variables. Results. Lack of ANC, lower education levels, and rural residence were interactively associated with near‐miss upon arrival. Lack of ANC among women with limited education resulted in a four‐fold greater risk for this condition. Such risk was considerably increased for women who lived in rural areas (OR 12.6; 95% CI 2.8–56.6). In addition, high maternal age and first time pregnancy were associated with near‐miss upon arrival. Conclusions. This study identified subpopulations most likely to benefit from interventions designed to enable timely care‐seeking for obstetric complications. ANC appears to facilitate utilization of emergency obstetric care, especially for women with socio‐demographic disadvantages. Targeted initiatives to increase routine ANC may reduce severe maternal morbidity and mortality, both in urban and rural areas.
Seasonal variation in thoracic vessel calcifications: Evidence from a chest computed tomography study
Authors: Vehmas Tapio , Hiltunen Asta , Leino-Arjas Päivi 
Published: January 2010

Background: Cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality exhibit a winter peak and a summer trough, a fact that could have radiological manifestations. Purpose: To identify possible seasonal trends in the occurrence of thoracic vessel calcifications. Material and Methods: 505 male construction workers (aged 39–80 years) were each imaged once with chest spiral computed tomography (CT) during a 2-year period. Based on visual assessment of calcified plaques (0=no, 1=slight, 2=moderate, 3=extensive calcification), sum scores of atherosclerosis in coronary arteries, in the thoracic aorta, in the pre-cervical artery bases, and overall were constructed. The scores were regressed on the annual rank number of the CT day. Results: By using the cubic regression model, seasonal variation in calcified plaques in coronary arteries ( P=0.003), in pre-cervical artery origins ( P=0.015), and in the overall sum score ( P=0.004) was observed. The peak occurred in January–February and the nadir in August. Depending on the model, about 2–3% of the variation in atherosclerotic calcifications could be explained by the season of imaging. Conclusion: The observed seasonal trend in calcifications parallels with mortality reports. Seasonal variations should be considered in atherosclerosis treatment studies. Confirmatory studies using modern imaging technology are needed in different countries and geographical locations, preferably with repeat imaging of the same individuals.
Objectifying User Critique
Authors: Mahler V. , Prokosch H. U. , Oschem M. 
Published: January 2010

Summary
Objectives: The aim of this study is to objectify user critique rendering it usable for quality assurance. Based on formative and summative evaluation results we strive to promote software improvements; in our case, the physician discharge letter composition process at the Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Germany.
Methods: We developed a novel six-step approach to objectify user critique: 1) acquisition of user critique using subjectivist methods, 2) creation of a workflow model, 3) definition of hypothesis and indicators, 4) measuring of indicators, 5) analyzing results, 6) optimization of the system regarding both subjectivist and objectivist evaluation results. In particular, we derived indicators and workflows directly from user critique/narratives. The identified indicators were mapped onto work-flow activities, creating a link between user critique and the evaluated system.
Results: Users criticized a new discharge letter system as “too slow” and “too labor-intensive” in comparison with the previously used system. In a stepwise approach we collected subjective user critique, derived a comprehensive process model including deviations and deduced a set of five indicators for objectivist evaluation: processing time, system-related waiting time, number of mouse clicks, number of keyboard inputs, and throughput time. About 3500 measurements have been performed to compare the work-flow-steps of both systems, regarding 20 discharge letters.Although the difference of the mean total processing time between both systems was statistically insignificant (2011.7 s vs. 1971.5 s; p = 0.457), we detected a significant difference in waiting times (101.8 s vs. 37.2 s; p < 0.001) and number of user interactions (77 vs. 69; p < 0.001) in favor of the old system, thus objectifying user critique.
Conclusions: Our six-step approach enables objectification of user critique, resulting in objective values for continuous quality assurance. To our knowledge no previous study in medical informatics mapped user critique onto workflow steps. Subjectivist analysis prompted us to use the indicator system-related waiting time for the objectivist study, which was rarely done before. We consider combining subjectivist and objectivist methods as a key point of our approach. Future work will concentrate on automated measurement of indicators.
SOME NEW SPECIES OF TYPHLOCYBA (HOMOPTERA, CICADELLIDAE)
Authors: Beamer R. H. 
Published: January 2010

Resembling T. gillettei but somewhat larger. Two inner pairs of processes of aedeagus of about same length with innner pair not bent at middle and dorsal spine as long as shaft is wide. Length 4.5 mm.Color: As in heavily marked T. gillettei V. D.
NEW DESCRIPTIONS OF LARVAE OF FOREST INSECTS: SEMIOTHISA, DYSMIGIA (LEPIDOPTERA, GEOMETRIDAE)
Authors: McGuffin W. C. 
Published: January 2010

Some geometrid larvae exhibit dimorphism in colour. Several interesting observations of this phenomenon were made during the study of larvae of the species, Semiothisa sexmaculata Pack., Dysmigia loricaria Evers., and Nepytia canosaria Wlk.In these observations, certain points stand out. Although larvae of S. sexmaculata are always green until they reach the last instar, both brown and green phases occur in that stage. After the last larval moult, a transition period of approximately two days is required for larvae to acquire the colouring of the brown phase. On the other hand, specimens of D. loricaria may pass their entire larval period in either a brown or a green phase (as do the larvae of N. canosaria, descriptions of which may be found in Can. Ent. 75: 186-189) or they may change (as do some larvae of S. sexmaculata) from the green phase to the brown phase in the last larval instar. For Dysmigia larvae to undergo this transformation, approximately three days are required.
Fluorescence Microscopy: A Concise Guide to Current Imaging Methods
Authors: Combs Christian A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe field of fluorescence microscopy is rapidly growing, providing ever increasing imaging capabilities for cell and neurobiologists. Over the last decade, many new technologies and techniques have been developed which allow for deeper, faster, or higher resolution imaging. For the non‐expert microscopist, it can be difficult to match the best imaging technique to the biological question to be examined. Picking the right technique requires a basic understanding of the underlying imaging physics for each technique, as well as an informed comparison and balancing of competing imaging properties in the context of the sample to be imaged. This unit provides concise descriptions of a range of commercially available imaging techniques and provides a tabular guide to choosing among them. Techniques covered include structured light, confocal, total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF), two‐photon, and stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy. Curr. Protoc. Neurosci. 50:2.1.1‐2.1.14. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Loading Neurons with Dextran‐Conjugated Calcium Indicators in Intact Nervous Tissue
Authors: Delaney Kerry R. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractDextran‐conjugated Ca2+ indicators are retained well in neurons for many days following loading in intact or semi‐intact brain tissue. Methods for loading neurons, as well as discussion of the unique properties of dextran‐conjugated dyes which need to be considered for their use, are presented. Curr. Protoc. Neurosci. 50:2.5.1‐2.5.11. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Gene Transfer into Rat Brain Using Adenoviral Vectors
Authors: Puntel Mariana , Kroeger Kurt M. , Sanderson Nicholas S.R. , Thomas Clare E. , Castro Maria G. , Lowenstein Pedro R. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractViral vector–mediated gene delivery is an attractive procedure for introducing genes into the brain, both for purposes of basic neuroscience research and to develop gene therapy for neurological diseases. Replication‐defective adenoviruses possess many features which make them ideal vectors for this purpose—efficiently transducing terminally differentiated cells such as neurons and glial cells, resulting in high levels of transgene expression in vivo. Also, in the absence of anti‐adenovirus immunity, these vectors can sustain very long‐term transgene expression within the brain parenchyma. This unit provides protocols for the stereotactic injection of adenoviral vectors into the brain, followed by protocols to detect transgene expression or infiltrates of immune cells by immunocytochemistry or immunofluorescence. ELISPOT and neutralizing antibody assay methodologies are provided to quantitate the levels of cellular and humoral immune responses against adenoviruses. Quantitation of adenoviral vector genomes within the rat brain using qPCR is also described. Curr. Protoc. Neurosci. 50:4.24.1‐4.24.49. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Generation of Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs) Using Directed Molecular Evolution
Authors: Pei Ying , Dong Shuyun , Roth Bryan L. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractG protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) and their signal transductions are important for both physiological and pathological processes in neuron systems. Neuronal GPCRs activated by synthetic ligands have been created by designed mutagenesis for studying their functions and signal pathways. However, these engineered GPCRs have problems, such as their high constitutive activity. To overcome this drawback, a new generation of receptors termed designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs), have been designed. DREADDs are exclusively activated by synthetic ligands, but are insensitive to their endogenous ligand and have no constitutive activity, which provides the ability to selectively modulate signal transduction of certain GPCRs in vitro and in vivo. This protocol provides detailed instructions for creating DREADDs using directed molecular evolution. The procedures to generate DREADDS include GPCR functional expression in yeast, mutant GPCR library generation, and high‐throughput yeast screening. These methods are general and suitable for any GPCRs that can be functionally expressed in yeast. Curr. Protoc. Neurosci. 50:4.33.1‐4.33.25. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
RNA‐Seq: A Method for Comprehensive Transcriptome Analysis
Authors: Nagalakshmi Ugrappa , Waern Karl , Snyder Michael 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA recently developed technique called RNA Sequencing (RNA‐Seq) uses massively parallel sequencing to allow transcriptome analyses of genomes at a far higher resolution than is available with Sanger sequencing‐ and microarray‐based methods. In the RNA‐Seq method, complementary DNAs (cDNAs) generated from the RNA of interest are directly sequenced using next‐generation sequencing technologies. The reads obtained from this can then be aligned to a reference genome in order to construct a whole‐genome transcriptome map. RNA‐Seq has been used successfully to precisely quantify transcript levels, confirm or revise previously annotated 5′ and 3′ ends of genes, and map exon/intron boundaries. This unit describes protocols for performing RNA‐Seq using the Illumina sequencing platform. Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol. 89:4.11.1‐4.11.13. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.