bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal tissue patterns in bone healing of sheep
Authors: Vetter Andreas , Epari Devakara R. , Seidel Robin , Schell Hanna , Fratzl Peter , Duda Georg N. , Weinkamer Richard 
Published: May 2010

AbstractSecondary fracture healing in long bones leads to the successive formation of intricate patterns of tissues in the newly formed callus. The main aim of this work was to quantitatively describe the topology of these tissue patterns at different stages of the healing process and to generate averaged images of tissue distribution. This averaging procedure was based on stained histological sections (2, 3, 6, and 9 weeks post‐operatively) of 64 sheep with a 3 mm tibial mid‐shaft osteotomy, stabilized either with a rigid or a semi‐rigid external fixator. Before averaging, histological images were sorted for topology according to six identified tissue patterns. The averaged images were obtained for both fixation types and the lateral and medial side separately. For each case, the result of the averaging procedure was a collection of six images characterizing quantitatively the progression of the healing process. In addition, quantified descriptions of the newly formed cartilage and the bone area fractions (BA/TA) of the bony callus are presented. For all cases, a linear increase in the BA/TA of the bony callus was observed. The slope was greatest in the case of the most rigid stabilization and lowest in the case of the least stiff. This topological description of the progression of bone healing will allow quantitative validation (or falsification) of current mechano‐biological theories. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:1440–1447, 2010
The position and context of Middle Palaeolithic industries from the Ebbsfleet Valley, Kent, UK
Authors: Scott Beccy , Ashton Nick , Penkman Kirsty E. H. , Preece Richard C. , White Mark 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe late Middle Pleistocene sites in the Ebbsfleet Valley, Kent, UK, have yielded archaeological assemblages critical to understanding the early Middle Palaeolithic of northwestern Europe. Despite a long history of research, the nature and context of these assemblages are still poorly understood. This paper clarifies the stratigraphic, environmental and archaeological records at Ebbsfleet. These reflect a cold–warm–cold sequence of climatic events, preserved within part of the Taplow/Mucking Formation of the Thames (Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 8/7/6). Levallois artefacts are shown to be restricted to the lower part of the Ebbsfleet Channel sequence (Phases I and II) and are assigned to late MIS 8/early MIS 7. This material is associated with fauna indicative of open environments during both cool and temperate conditions. Handaxe assemblages are recorded from higher up the sequence (Phases III–V), but have been redeposited from higher terrace units nearby. No primary context archaeology is apparent during these later phases of aggradation. This may indicate that humans abandoned the site once available raw material became inaccessible, and may also reflect a decline in human presence in Britain during the latter part of MIS 7. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Did the Indo‐Asian summer monsoon decrease during the Holocene following insolation?
Authors: Tiwari Manish , Ramesh Rengaswamy , Bhushan Ravi , Sheshshayee Madavalm S. , Somayajulu Bammidipati L. K. , Jull A. J. Timothy , Burr George S. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA few studies from the western Arabian Sea indicate that the Indian summer (or southwest) monsoon (ISM), after attaining its maximum intensity at ca. 9 ka, declined during the Holocene, as did insolation. In contrast, earlier and later observations from both the eastern and the western Arabian Sea do not support this inference. Analysis of multiple proxies of productivity in a new sediment core from the western Arabian Sea fails to confirm the earlier, single‐proxy (e.g. abundance of Globigerina bulloides) based, inference of the Holocene weakening of ISM, following insolation. The reason for the observed decreasing trend in foraminiferal abundance – the basis for the earlier inference – could be the favouring of silicate rather than carbonate productivity by the increased ISM wind strength. Although ISM exhibits several multi‐millennial scale fluctuations, there is no evidence from several multi‐proxy data to conclude that it declined during the Holocene; this is consistent with the phase lag analysis of longer time series of monsoon proxies. Thus, on sub‐Milankovitch timescales, ISM did not follow insolation, highlighting the importance of internal feedbacks. A comparison with East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) records suggests that both ISM and EASM varied in unison, implying common forcing factors on such longer timescales. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Severe tumor budding is a risk factor for lateral lymph node metastasis in early rectal cancers
Authors: Homma Yoichiro , Hamano Takashi , Otsuki Yoshiro , Shimizu Shinichi , Kobayashi Hiroshi , Kobayashi Yasuyuki 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackgroundLateral lymph node (LLN) metastasis sometimes occurs in patients with early rectal cancer that has invaded the submucosa (SM) and muscularis propria (MP). This study aims to identify the risk factor(s) for LLN metastasis in such patients.MethodWe retrospectively analyzed 65 patients with pathological SM or MP lower rectal adenocarcinoma, for whom radical resection had been performed at a single institution.ResultsWe performed LLN dissection in 52 (80%) patients. The LLN dissection rates in the case of pathological SM and MP tumors were 65.6% and 94.4%, respectively, and the corresponding LLN metastasis rates were 6.9% and 11.1%. Severe tumor budding was found to be a risk factor for LLN metastasis (P = 0.002). Further, of six patients with LLN metastasis, four did not have coincident mesenteric lymph node metastasis.ConclusionIn rectal cancer that has pathologically invaded SM and MP, LLN metastasis is not negligible. LLN dissection could lower the local recurrence rate of SM and MP rectal cancer. In case LLN dissection is not performed, patients with a high tumor budding grade should be administered adjuvant therapy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:230–234. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Safety and efficacy of curative intent surgery for peri‐ampullary liver metastasis
Authors: de Jong Mechteld C. , Tsai Susan , Cameron John L. , Wolfgang Christopher L. , Hirose Kenzo , van Vledder Mark G. , Eckhauser Frederic , Herman Joseph M. , Edil Barish H. , Choti Michael A. , Schulick Richard D. , Pawlik Timothy M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIntroductionThe management of patients with peri‐ampullary liver metastasis remains controversial. We sought to assess the safety and efficacy of curative intent surgery for peri‐ampullary liver metastasis.MethodsBetween 1993 and 2009, 40 patients underwent curative intent surgery (resection and/or radiofrequency ablation (RFA)) for peri‐ampullary liver metastasis. Clinicopathologic and outcome data were collected and analyzed.ResultsLocation of the primary tumor was pancreas head (n = 20), ampulla of Vater (n = 10), distal bile duct (n = 5), or duodenum (n = 5). Most patients (n = 27) presented with synchronous disease, while 13 patients presented with metachronous disease following a median disease‐free interval of 22 months. Most patients (n = 25) presented with hepatic metastasis from pancreaticobiliary origin (pancreatic or distal common bile duct) compared with 15 patients who had metastasis from an intestinal‐type primary (ampullary or duodenal). There were no differences in metastatic tumor number or size between these groups (P > 0.05). Post‐operative morbidity and mortality was 30% and 5% respectively. Overall 1‐ and 3‐year survival was 55% and 18%. Patients who underwent resection of liver metastasis from intestinal‐type tumors experienced a longer survival compared with patients who had pancreaticobiliary lesions (median: 13 months vs. 23 months; P = 0.05).ConclusionCurative intent surgery for peri‐ampullary liver metastasis was associated with post‐operative morbidity and a 5% mortality rate. Although the overall survival benefit was modest, patients with liver metastasis from intestinal‐type tumors experienced improved survival following resection of liver metastasis compared with pancreaticobiliary lesions. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:256–263. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tumour budding, uPA and PAI‐1 are associated with aggressive behaviour in colon cancer
Authors: Märkl B. , Renk Prof. I. , Oruzio D.V. , Jähnig H. , Schenkirsch G. , Schöler C. , Ehret Prof. W. , Arnholdt H.M. , Anthuber M. , Spatz H. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAimsThe proteases PAI‐1 and uPA play a major role in extracellular matrix degradation, which facilitates tumour progression. Tumour budding is a histomorphological expression of enhanced tumour cell migration.Materials and MethodsTo investigate their prognostic value for and correlation with colon cancer, a prospective study was performed. We analysed tissue levels of uPA and PAI‐1 of 55 colon cancer tumours employing a commercially available enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Tumour budding was analysed on cytokeratin‐stained slides.ResultsThere was a strong correlation between uPA and tumour budding (R = 0.440; P < 0.001). uPA levels were increased in high grade tumours, whereas PAI‐1 was elevated in cases with venous invasion (P = 0.004 and P = 0.028). PAI‐1 values and tumour budding are associated significantly with the occurrence of distant metastases (P < 0.001 and P = 0.034, respectively). Tumour budding was significantly associated with lymph node metastases (P = 0.034). Multivariate analysis revealed PAI‐1 and lymph node metastases to be independently predictive of distant metastases (P = 0.007 and P = 0.004, respectively).ConclusionsThe results of our study show that tumour budding and the plasmin/plasminogen system are related. PAI‐1 was independently predictive for the occurrence of distant metastasis. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:235–241. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Extraction, separation and quantitative structure–retention relationship modeling of essential oils in three herbs
Authors: Wei Yuhui , Xi Lili , Chen Dongxia , Wu Xin'an , Liu Huanxiang , Yao Xiaojun 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe essential oils extracted from three kinds of herbs were separated by a 5% phenylmethyl silicone (DB‐5MS) bonded phase fused‐silica capillary column and identified by MS. Seventy‐four of the compounds identified were selected as origin data, and their chemical structure and gas chromatographic retention times (RT) were performed to build a quantitative structure–retention relationship model by genetic algorithm and multiple linear regressions analysis. The predictive ability of the model was verified by internal validation (leave‐one‐out, fivefold, cross‐validation andY‐scrambling). As for external validation, the model was also applied to predict the gas chromatographic RT of the 14 volatile compounds not used for model development from essential oil ofRadix angelicae sinensis. The applicability domain was checked by the leverage approach to verify prediction reliability. The results obtained using several validations indicated that the best quantitative structure–retention relationship model was robust and satisfactory, could provide a feasible and effective tool for predicting the gas chromatographic RT of volatile compounds and could be also applied to help in identifying the compound with the same gas chromatographic RT.
Expression of advanced glycation end‐product receptors in the cochlea
Authors: Hanusek Claudia , Setz Cristian , Radojevic Vesna , Brand Yves , Levano Soledad , Bodmer Daniel 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Advanced glycation end products (AGE) have recently been implicated in aging changes within different tissues of the body. The role of AGEs and their receptors in the mammalian inner ear is largely unknown. In this study we analyzed for the expression of two AGE receptors, namely RAGE and Ddost (AGE‐R1).Study Design:Controlled animal study. Controlled animal study. This study confirmed the expression of the AGEs receptors RAGE and Ddost (AGE‐R1) both on mRNA and protein level in the cochlea. Furthermore, we were able to localize these two receptors in the organ of Corti (OC).Methods:Expression of RAGE and Ddost (AGE‐R1) receptors in the rat cochlea were analyzed by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and Western blot. Specific localization of these two AGE receptors was also obtained within the mouse OC using immunohistochemistry.Results:We detected RAGE and Ddost (AGE‐R1) at the mRNA and protein level in the OC, spiral ganglion, and stria vascularis. Moreover, RAGE and Ddost (AGE‐R1) could specifically be identified within the immature and mature OC.Conclusions:The AGE receptors RAGE and Ddost (AGE‐R1) could be identified within the cochlea. Different expression patterns of these two receptors were observed in the immature and mature inner ear. Laryngoscope, 120:1227–1232, 2010
Effectiveness of lubricant additives for copper‐alloy‐steel sliding contacts
Authors: Jisa Robin , Ristic Andjelka , Brenner Josef , Lebersorger Thomas , Ilo Sotiraq , Neumayer Hans , Franek Friedrich 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA selection of additives and their performance and compatibility with a variety of copper alloys have been evaluated in an SRV test set‐up. The tests show a remarkable variation of tribological behaviour with a clear relation to both the type of lubricant / additive and the type of alloy. One ester‐based additive showed outstanding friction and wear reduction for some groups of copper alloys. In order to better understand the fundamental mechanisms, we applied a variety of surface analyses, such as 3D confocal white light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron microscopy. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Iron Tris(dibenzoylmethane) Centered PCL and PCL‐b‐PLA Stars from Dual Functional Catalyst‐Initiators
Authors: Chen Jianbin , Gorczynski Jessica L. , Fraser Cassandra L. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIron(III)‐centered star polymers of poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) and copolymers with polylactide have been synthesized by a divergent ring‐opening polymerization initiated from an alcohol‐functionalized dibenzoylmethane (dbm) complex. This strategy provides a route to well‐defined polyester products with relatively high molecular weights and low PDIs. These reactions require no added catalyst. The resulting Fe‐centered star polymers and the associated polymeric ligands obtained upon Fe complex fragmentation in acid are responsive materials that could find application in delivery vectors, sensors, supported polymeric catalysts, and optical materials.magnified image
Poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐graft‐poly(2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) Amphiphilic Copolymers Prepared via a Combination of ROP and ATRP: Synthesis, Characterization, and Self‐Assembly Behavior
Authors: Guo Shutao , Wang Weiwei , Deng Liandong , Xing Jinfeng , Dong Anjie 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPoly(ε‐caprolactone)‐graft‐poly(2‐(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate) (PCL‐g‐PDMAEMAs), a kind of amphiphilic graft copolymer, was prepared by combination of ROP and ATRP. The FTIR, 1H NMR, and GPC results indicate that well‐defined polymers with controlled graft density and length of side chain were successfully synthesized. We prepared PCL‐g‐PDMAEMA nanoparticles by employing a nanoprecipitation technique. The pH‐ and thermosensitive properties of PCL‐g‐PDMAEMA nanoparticles were investigated by 1H NMR, TEM, and DLS. It was found that the nanoparticles with an average size of 120 nm presented core–shell structure in aqueous dispersion. Furthermore, the nanoparticles are sensitive to temperature in base while not in an acidic environment.magnified image
Poly[ethylene‐co‐(methacrylic acid)] Healing Agents for Mendable Carbon Fiber Laminates
Authors: Meure Sam , Furman Scott , Khor Sarah 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe first reported use of two‐dimensional mesh thermoplastic fibers in an epoxy matrix for mendable composites is presented, yielding 100% restoration of GIC, failure energy, and peak loads over repeated damage‐healing cycles. SEM imaging and EDS mapping showed different surface structures between CFRPp and CFRPf and confirmed strength recoveries were attained by delivery of EMAA to the fracture plane which enabled the fractured surfaces to rebind after heating to 150 °C for 30 min.magnified image
Deformation of a singularity of type E8 and Mordell‐Weil lattices in characteristic 2
Authors: Ito Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we study the Mordell‐Weil lattices of the family of elliptic surfaces which is arising from the E84 singularity, one of the ADE singularities in characteristic 2. And we construct a subfamily of the universal family of supersingular K 3 surfaces in characteristic 2 as an application (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Generalized implicit Euler method for hyperbolic functional differential equations
Authors: Czernous Wojciech 
Published: May 2010

AbstractNonlinear hyperbolic functional differential equations with initial boundary conditions are considered. Theorems on the convergence of difference schemes and error estimates of approximate solutions are presented. The proof of the stability of the difference functional problem is based on a comparison technique. Nonlinear estimates of the Perron type with respect to the functional variable for given functions are used. Numerical examples are given (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Injectable Biodegradable Poly(ethylene glycol)/RGD Peptide Hybrid Hydrogels for in vitro Chondrogenesis of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Liu Shao Qiong , Tian Quan , Wang Lei , Hedrick James L. , Hui James Hoi Po , Yang Yi Yan , Ee Pui Lai Rachel 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn this study, an injectable and biodegradable poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)/arginine–glycine–aspartic (RGD) peptide hybrid hydrogel has been synthesized and used as a biomimetic scaffold for encapsulation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Tetrahydroxyl PEG was functionalized with acrylate, and then reacted with thiol‐containing peptide (RGD). Gelation occurred within 30 min with the addition of cells and PEG‐dithiol via Michael addition. The hydrogels synthesized with a peptide concentration of 1.0–5.0 mM achieved significantly greater cell viability when compared to the hydrogels without the RGD peptide. However, the effect of RGD on chondrogenesis was found to be dose‐dependent. Immunohistology studies demonstrated that hMSCs encapsulated in the hydrogel matrix with 1.0 mM RGD and TGF‐β3 showed enhanced positive staining for aggrecan and type II collagen as compared to that with 5.0 mM RGD and unmodified PEG hydrogels. RT‐PCR results further revealed that the cells in hydrogels with 1 mM RGD expressed significantly higher levels of type II collagen than those in PEG hydogels without RGD peptide. These findings have demonstrated that the PEG‐RGD hydrogels can be a promising scaffold to deliver hMSCs for cartilage repair.magnified image
Photocrosslinked DNA Nanospheres for Drug Delivery
Authors: Roh Young Hoon , Lee Jong Bum , Tan Shawn J. , Kim Bojeong , Park Hyeongsu , Rice Edward J. , Luo Dan 
Published: May 2010

AbstractDNA has been employed as both a genetic and a generic material. X‐shaped DNA (X‐DNA) in particular has four branched arms, providing multivalent functionalities that can allow for simultaneous multiple crosslinking. Here we report the synthesis of four acrylate‐functionalized X‐DNA monomers that can be further photocrosslinked to form monodisperse and tunable DNA nanospheres. In particular, the size and surface charge of these nanospheres were precisely controlled in a linear fashion, simply by tuning the monomer concentration in the reaction. The morphology and surface properties of the nanospheres were characterized using FT‐IR, HPLC, TEM, AFM, zeta potential, and DLS analysis. In vitro studies in mammalian cells revealed that these DNA nanospheres demonstrated significant efficacy in the delivery of doxorubicin. These results highlight the potential of using DNA as material building blocks to design novel nanocarriers with properties tailored for the delivery of drugs in general and DNA/RNA in particular.magnified image
Breast cancer prevention based on gene–environment interaction
Authors: Song Minkyo , Lee Kyoung‐Mu , Kang Daehee 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBreast cancer, the most common cancer in women, results from combined effects of genetic and environmental factors. Although a number of preventive measures have been suggested to reduce the risk of breast cancer, only a few (e.g., regular mammogram, etc.) proved to be efficient preventive modalities. Among many potential reasons, differences in individual susceptibility factors may complicate the efficacy of the intervention. A growing body of evidence shows that the strength of association between various dietary, behavioral (exercise and obesity), and environmental exposures, and breast cancer risk may be modified by individual genetic factors. Preventive strategies against breast cancer will be discussed considering the findings of the gene–environment interaction of breast cancer. These include behavior modification for high‐risk subjects (primary prevention), early detection and extensive monitoring of genetically susceptible subjects and noninvasive treatment of early stage cancer cases (secondary prevention), and finally prophylactic and therapeutic intervention to slow the progression of diseases (tertiary prevention). The accumulating evidences of the gene–environment interactions provide a better understanding of the breast cancer development and enable us to adopt individualized preventive strategies for personalized health care. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hypokinesia in Huntington's disease co‐occurs with cognitive and global dysfunctioning
Authors: Reedeker Nanda , Van Der Mast Rose C. , Giltay Erik J. , Van Duijn Erik , Roos Raymond A.C. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBesides chorea, hypokinesia is an important motor disturbance in Huntington's disease (HD) but its clinical, neuropsychiatric, and cognitive functioning correlates are largely unknown. This cross‐sectional study investigates correlates of hypokinesia in HD and its effect on global functioning. Among 150 HD gene carriers, 96 patients were clinically motor manifest. Hypokinesia was assessed using the motor section of the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale and global functioning was measured using the Total Functioning Capacity (TFC) scale. Neuropsychiatric measures included the Apathy Scale and the Composite International Diagnostic Interview for diagnosis of depression. The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and a composite executive cognitive measure were used to assess global and executive cognitive functioning, respectively. Compared with 45 patients with no or mild hypokinesia, 51 patients with moderate to severe hypokinesia showed a significant difference in most clinical and neuropsychiatric variables and had worse cognitive functioning scores. However, using forward logistic regression analysis, poor executive cognitive functioning was the only independent correlate of hypokinesia (OR 7.33; 95% CI: 2.82–19.0; P < 0.001). Hypokinesia score was inversely associated with the TFC score (P < 0.001), also after adjusting for chorea, use of antipsychotics, apathy, and global and executive cognitive functioning. In conclusion, the presence of moderate to severe hypokinesia in HD patients co‐occurs with executive cognitive dysfunction and adversely affects global functioning. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society