bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rescue of refractory splicing of cftr exon 12 pathological mutations G576A/G48C using antisense oligonucleotides
Authors: Haque Ariful 
Published: October 2011

Context: Pathological mutation in the human CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator) exon 12 sequences disrupts splicing enhancer that leads to cystic fibrosis disease. Objectives: Human CFTR exon 12 architecturally consists of two exonic regulatory silencers (Exonic Splicing Silencer / ESS) and an enhancer (Exonic Splicing Enhancer / ESE). In this study it was aimed to block the silencer activity as well as to introduce well known enhancer sequence along with the RNA to rescue CFTR exon 12 inclusion for therapeutic purpose. Materials and Methods: In order to alter the pathologic RNA splicing event of CFTR exon 12 two oligonucleotides (ESE-A and ESS-B) were designed that, although complementary to the target RNA sequence but do not interfere in RNA processing. The oligonucleotide ESE-A additionally contains a non-complementary tail sequence mimicking ESE sequence. In this way the ESE were designed consequently for blocking silencer activity and enhance splice site selection. Furthermore, these oligonucleotides were designed based on several well known modified nucleotide sequences to provide stability from in vivo degradation. Results: Naturally occurring pathological point mutation G576A/G48C in CFTR exon 12 causes complete skipping of the exon from full transcript. This study shows that cotransfection of oligonucleotides ESS-B along with CFTR exon 12 minigene carrying G576A/G48C mutation can rescue exon skipping.Conclusion: The use of oligonucleotide ESS-B to enhance expression of latent CFTR exon 12 may ultimately be of therapeutic use for cystic fibrosis patient carrying pathological mutation in CFTR exon 12. Keywords: CFTR exon 12; RNA splicing; Antisense Oligonucleotides. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v18i0.8771 JBS 2010; 18(0): 27-33
Role of large plasmid DNA in salt tolerance of a novel strain <i>gracilibacillus</i> sp. GTY
Authors: Uddin M Salah , Jiti Zhou , Saleh MA , Ekram A , Sikdar B , Zaman S 
Published: October 2011

Context: Isolated plasmid DNA from salt tolerant bacteria can play an important role in special environmental conditions. Objectives: The main objective of this study was to make a standard protocol for the isolation of large plasmid DNA from a highly salt tolerant bacterial strain, and then the plasmid DNA was eliminated from bacterial genome to know its effect on bacterial adaptation in high saline water. Materials and Methods: The strain Gracilibacillus sp. GTY was collected from the coast line of Dalian (North China) and was inoculated in high salt concentrated bacteriological media. Wheatcroft’s modified method was used to isolate plasmid DNA. Then the chemical curing agents such as acridine orange, SDS, sodium benzoate and mitomycin C were applied separately in different concentrations to eliminate plasmid DNA. After the elimination of plasmid DNA, the strain was cultivated in the MS liquid media containing 5%, 15% and 25% (w/v) of NaCl respectively and their growth rates were compared with the non-eliminated culture. Results: According to Wheatcroft’s modified method, the plasmid took two more hours to get isolated from the chromosomal DNA and the approximate size of the extracted plasmid DNA was 23.13 kb. Among all of the curing agents, plasmid DNA was eliminated successfully by acridine orange after 24 h of treatment at the concentration of 50 mg/l. Growth rates of plasmid eliminated culture were lower than non-eliminated culture and the growth rates of the plasmid eliminated culture were decreasing significantly with the addition of more NaCl.Conclusion: The results obtained in this study suggest that the presence of large plasmid DNA in salt tolerant bacteria is related to their survival strategies. The genes located in the large plasmids may encode important traits related to their adaptation to special environmental conditions. Keywords: Salt tolerance; halophilic bacteria; curing agent; extrachromosomal DNA; Gracilibacillus sp. GTY. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v18i0.8772 JBS 2010; 18(0): 34-39
Age-related response of <i>tribolium castaneum</i> (Herbst) larvae to diatomaceous earth at different exposure periods
Authors: Hossain Md Mosharrof , Reza AMS , Parween Selina 
Published: October 2011

Context: Diatomaceous earth (DE) compounds have been recognized as reduced risk and eco-friendly compounds, which can be used in the insect pest management programmes for food storage and processing areas. Objective: To determine the repellent or attractant property of a DE formulation (Mitex) against the larvae of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), a major pest of stored-products. Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted in choice chambers, which was divided into two equal halves by drawing a line through the midline. One half of the chamber was loaded with untreated flour (control) and the other half was loaded with DE-treated flour. Twenty larvae of a definite age were released in the midline of the two foods, thus providing them an option for choosing either treated or untreated food. The experiment was set separately for different ages of larvae (9-, 12- and 15-day old), doses of DE (2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 mg DE/g of flour) and exposure periods (24-, 48-, 72-, 96- and 120-hours). All the experiments were replicated three times and conducted at 30 ± 1°C in an incubator without humidity and light control. Differences of the distribution of the larvae in treated and untreated flour was analyzed by χ2 test. Results: The efficacy of a diatomaceous earth (DE) compound (Mitex) as a repellent or an attractant was tested against 9-, 12- and 15-day old larvae of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). Larvae of all ages were significantly (p<0.001) repelled by DE at doses from 8-32 mg/g food at all exposure periods of 24-, 48-, 72- 96 and 120 h. The mature larvae (15-day old) showed tolerance to the low doses like 2 and 4 mg/g food. Conclusion: The present results revealed that DE can be used as a reduced risk repellent compound in the grain and cereal stores, flour mills and grocery shops to manage the larval population of T. castaneum. Keywords: Age related response; T. castaneum; diatomaceous earth DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v18i0.8773 JBS 2010; 18(0): 40-43
Isolation and characterization of <i>escherichia coli</i> in ready-to-eat foods vended in Islamic University, Kushtia
Authors: Biswas S , Parvez MAK , Shafiquzzaman M , Nahar S , Rahman MN 
Published: October 2011

Context: Escherichia coli is shed in the feces of warm blooded animals and humans and thus potential for public health. Detection and characterization of E. coli in the ready-to-eat (RTE) foods concerns due to their presence indicates fecal contamination of the food. Objective: To identify, characterize and RFLP pattern analysis of E. coli isolated from RTE foods vended in Islamic University campus, Kushtia. Materials and Methods: Fifty samples from four types of consumed foods in six student halls of residence, some temporary restaurants of Islamic University, Kushtia were assessed for bacterial contamination by standard methods. Identification and characterization of E. coli isolates were performed using IMViC tests. Genomic DNA was used to perform RFLP pattern analysis. Results: Thirty seven out of 50 (74%) examined samples of RTE foods had E. coli contamination. The highest number of E. coli was isolated from vegetable oriented RTE foods (90.90%) and fish, meat and cereals samples were also significantly E. coli positive. RFLP profiling of two E. coli isolates were observed. Conclusion: The results of this study provide evidence that some RTE foods had unsatisfactory levels of contamination with E. coli. Thus street vended RTE food could be important potential vehicles for food-borne diseases. Molecular characterization may be exploited to identify food borne pathogen among different species. Keywords: Ready-to-eat foods; Escherichia coli; RFLP pattern DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v18i0.8783 JBS 2010; 18(0): 99-103
Purification, characterization and effect of physico-chemical agents on the stability of ?-galactosidase from betel leaves
Authors: Shovon MS , Sharma SCD , Roy N 
Published: October 2011

Context: β-galactosidase are present in a wide variety of organisms including plants, animals and microorganisms. Exploration of this enzyme from plant source will help to address the problems faced in the food and allied industries that look for enzymes with novel properties. Objectives: The aim of this study is to explore the purification, characterization and analysis of β-galactosidase from betel leaves. Materials and Methods: Aomal Bangla variety of betel leaf (Piper betle Linn.) was collected from betel vine. The column chromatographic method was done at 4°C using conventional method. The protein concentration was determined by UV-spectrophotometer at 280 nm. The activities of β-galactosidase were done by spectrophotometric method. All other reagents used in the study were of analytical grade. Unless specified, all the experimental conditions are maintained at 4°C. Results: After extraction of β-galactosidase from betel leaves, the crude enzyme was applied to DEAE-cellulose chromatography with sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0). The active fraction from DEAE-column chromatography was dialyzed with buffer and applied to CM-cellulose chromatography. The β-galactosidase activity from CM-cellulose chromatography was loaded to Sephadex G-75 Gel filtration chromatography. In this column, the enzyme β-galactosidase was eluted in a single peak. The homogeneity of purity was checked by disc gel electrophoresis and a single band was obtained. The optimum pH of β-GS-I, β-GS-II and β-GS-III were 3.5, 3.8 and 4.2, respectively. The optimum temperatures of the enzymes were 53, 51 and 56°C, respectively. Conclusion: The results obtained in this study suggest that three β-galactosidases namely β-GS-I, β-GS-II and β-GS-III were purified from betel leaves. This is the first report of purification and characterization of β-galactosidase from betel leaves. Keywords: Betel leaves; β-galactosidase; MW; characterisation; stability. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v18i0.8785 JBS 2010; 18(0): 108-115
Sedation of xylazine and lignocaine with adrenaline and bupivacaine for umbilical surgery in calves
Authors: Sarker NC , Hashim MA , Ray BP , Sarker SK 
Published: October 2011

Context: The use of sedatives in veterinary practice is indispensable as they help in overcoming resistance of the animal during examination, maintaining depth of anaesthesia, reducing the dose of anaesthetic agent and increasing the margin of safety. Thus, action of some sedatives and local analgesics in various regional anaesthesia in calves and their evaluation in respect of doses are of great significance. The approximation of dose rate of available sedatives in calves may be helpful for the practitioners. Objectives: To determine the general effect of clinically useful dose of the sedatives produced by xylazine and lignocaine with adrenaline and bupivacaine for umbilical surgery in calves. Materials and Methods: The experiment was performed on 20 affected with umbilical hernia, 6 were indigenous (local) and 14 were crossbred. They were divided into 4 groups and each group included 5 calves. Groupp A was sedated with xylazine hydrochloride and 2% lignocaine hydrochloride; Group B with xylazine hydrochloride followed by 0.5% bupivcaine hydrochloride; Group C with diazepam followed by 2% lignocaine hydrochloride; and Group D diazepam followed by 0.5% bupivacaine. Respiratory rate, heart rate and rectal temperature were recorded before administration of sedatives and at 15, 30, 45, 60 minutes after sedation and local analgesia. Results: Heart rate and respiration rate significantly (p<0.01) decreased during sedation with xylazine hydrochloride plus 2% lignocaine hydrochloride or 0.5% bupivacaine hydrochloride. A significantly decreased (p<0.01) heart rate and respiration rate also found during sedation with diazepam plus 2% lignocaine hydrochloride or 0.5% bupivacaine hydrochloride. Duration of analgesia was longer with 0.5 % bupivacaine hydrochloride (55.88 ± 1.58 min in Group B and 48±11.25 min in Group D) compared to 2% lignocaine hydrochloride (39.60 ± 5.77 min in Group A and 43.6 ± 5.81 min in Group C). Xylazine hydrochloride showed short onset and long duration of sedation compared to diazepam. Conclusion: For herniorraphy, xylazine hydrochloride can be used as a better sedative while 0.5 % bupivacaine hydrochloride can be used as a local analgesic for longer duration of action. Keywords: Xylazine; lignocaine; diazepam; sedation; analgesia DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v18i0.8789 JBS 2010; 18(0): 134-139
Les nouveaux réseaux sociaux sur internet
Authors: Tisseron Serge 
Published: October 2011

Résumé Les nouveaux réseaux se nourrissent de désirs qui ont toujours existé : valoriser ses expériences du monde en les racontant, n’être jamais oublié, ou encore pouvoir se cacher et se montrer à volonté. Mais ils introduisent aussi de nouvelles possibilités : universalité des messages, immédiateté, association de l’intimité à une intention plutôt qu’à des espaces, désir d’extimité élargi à la planète entière. En même temps, le web collaboratif suscite de nouvelles formes de liens, de réseaux et de communautés. Enfin, dans ce nouveau paysage, les avatars semblent appelés à jouer un rôle de plus en plus grand.
The Chinese Dragon Concept as a Spiritual Force of the Masses
Authors: Ranjan DG Keerthi Sri , Zhou C Chang 
Published: October 2011

The concept of the Dragon is amalgamation of early tribes from the period of pre – historic era Ain the Chinese social structure. He is a proto - totemic beast later rise into a Dragon which we find each parts of his composition as a sacred body, meaning is attached denoting one of his qualities. In modern complex societies, with the specific interaction potentially drawn from different backgrounds, the distribution of cultural practices and knowledge of their meaning can become extremely complex. There cannot be making simple any local system or any patterns of interactions. The local social system or homogeneous has the highest degree of shared cultural practices. Cultural practices are those meaningful which forge and continue ongoing histories of social cultural coupling. The literature review on the Chinese cultural Dragon denotes that the geographical and social – cultural boundaries have been discrete and made relations with the different tribes and nations. Key words: Dragon Concept; Social Super Structure; Mass Consciousness; Social Development DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/suslj.v9i1.3735 Sabaramuwa University Journal, Volume 9 Number 1; December 2010, pp 65-80
A Comparison of Nitrate Distribution in Shallow Groundwater of Two Agricultural Areas in Sri Lanka and in Japan
Authors: Gunatilake SK , Iwao Y 
Published: October 2011

This paper compares the effects of adding fertilizer in nitrate pollution of groundwater in the Udunuwara area in Sri Lanka and the Shiroishi Plain in Japan. Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizers to soils contributes to contamination of groundwater by nitrates. As nitrate is one of the most identified contaminant in groundwater several environmental protection agencies maximum contamination level for nitrate is 10 mg/l as NO3-N. The problem becomes severe in rural areas where people depend entirely on dug wells in the shallow groundwater table for their drinking water supply. Several locations were selected from the Udunuwara area of Sri Lanka for the detailed study. Nineteen shallow dug wells and 4 deep tube wells were selected for water sampling beginning of January to March 1998.Shiroishi Plain in Japan reclaimed from the Ariake Sea has a soil layer consisting of Ariake clay. The total 82 drug wells of average depth 1.5 m had been drilled around the area. Sample were collected in December 2000 and continued for one year around. Nitrate concentration in groundwater was measured by Cadmium reduction method.The results showed a varying nitrate distribution pattern compared to that the Udunuwara area. The effect of fertilizer application on groundwater depends on soil type, fertilizer type and amount used, crop type and climatic condition. The highly permeable soil around Udunuwara area showed that shallow groundwater is highly vulnerable for nitrate than the poorly drained soil of the Shiroishi Plain in Japan. As the people living in Shiroishi Plain use deep groundwater for domestic purposes, drinking water is safe (less than Maximum Contaminated Level for nitrate in drinking water for Japan-10 mg/l as NO3-N) as far as the nitrate contamination is concerned. The results of these studies suggest that applying the correct rate of N fertilizer at the optimum time would have a substantial effect on reducing nitrate-N losses. Key Words: Nitate Contamination; Groundwater; Land Reclamation; Fertilizer DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/suslj.v9i1.3736 Sabaramuwa University Journal, Volume 9 Number 1; December 2010, pp 81-95
Supply Chain Management in the Aquaculture Industry: The Case of Food Fish Aquaculture in Sri Lanka
Authors: Jayantha SPM , De Silva DAM 
Published: October 2011

The study was taken up with the objective of identification of local and regional market potential for each main food fish species commonly found in the catch of inland fisheries and aquaculture in Sri Lanka and to identify the market segmentation of each of these fish species and prices in local and regional markets. The study methodology included both desk research and primary research in landing sites and regional markets of Western, Eastern, Sabaragamuwa and North-Central provinces in Sri Lanka. The study has employed BCG matrix for interpretation and analysis the supply chain. The study identifies the different value chains present in the trade map. Fishery value chain is dominated by few big players and a number of intermediaries were high and hence adds up to the cost of product without adding value to the chain. Presence of “patron-client relationship” throughout the supply chain is prevalent. The research indicates that the demand for fishe in the regional markets is dominated mainly by few preferential species. Key words: supply chain; fish and fishery products; Sri Lanka DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/suslj.v9i1.3741 Sabaramuwa University Journal, Volume 9 Number 1; December 2010, pp 147-169
EphB Receptors Trigger Akt Activation and Suppress Fas Receptor-Induced Apoptosis in Malignant T Lymphocytes
Authors: Maddigan Alison , Truitt Luke , Arsenault Ryan , Freywald Tanya , Allonby Odette , Dean Jonathan , Narendran Aru , Xiang Jim , Weng Andrew , Napper Scott , Freywald Andrew 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Treatment of hematopoietic malignancies often requires allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, and the subsequent graft-versus-leukemia response is crucial for the elimination of malignant cells. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes and NK cells responsible for the immunoelimination express Fas ligand and strongly rely on the induction of Fas receptor-mediated apoptosis for their action. Although cancer cells are removed successfully by graft-versus-leukemia reactions in myeloid malignancies, their efficiency is low in T cell leukemias. This may be partially because of the ability of malignant T cells to escape apoptosis. Our work shows that Eph family receptor EphB3 is consistently expressed by malignant T lymphocytes, most frequently in combination with EphB6, and that stimulation with their common ligands, ephrin-B1 and ephrin-B2, strongly suppresses Fas-induced apoptosis in these cells. This effect is associated with Akt activation and with the inhibition of the Fas receptor-initiated caspase proteolytic cascade. Akt proved to be crucial for the prosurvival response, because inhibition of Akt, but not of other molecules central to T cell biology, including Src kinases, MEK1 and MEK2, blocked the antiapoptotic effect. Overall, this demonstrates a new role for EphB receptors in the protection of malignant T cells from Fas-induced apoptosis through Akt engagement and prevention of caspase activation. Because Fas-triggered apoptosis is actively involved in the graft-versus-leukemia response and cytotoxic T cells express ephrin-Bs, our observations suggest that EphB receptors are likely to support immunoevasivenes of T cell malignancies and may represent promising targets for therapies, aiming to enhance immunoelimination of cancerous T cells.
Affinity Thresholds for Naive CD8+ CTL Activation by Peptides and Engineered Influenza A Viruses
Authors: Denton Alice E. , Wesselingh Robb , Gras Stephanie , Guillonneau Carole , Olson Matthew R. , Mintern Justine D. , Zeng Weiguang , Jackson David C. , Rossjohn Jamie , Hodgkin Philip D. , Doherty Peter C. , Turner Stephen J. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
High-avidity interactions between TCRs and peptide + class I MHC (pMHCI) epitopes drive CTL activation and expansion. Intriguing questions remain concerning the constraints determining optimal TCR/pMHCI binding. The present analysis uses the TCR transgenic OT-I model to assess how varying profiles of TCR/pMHCI avidity influence naive CTL proliferation and the acquisition of effector function following exposure to the cognate H-2Kb/OVA257–264 (SIINFEKL) epitope and to mutants provided as peptide or in engineered influenza A viruses. Stimulating naive OT-I CD8+ T cells in vitro with SIINFEKL induced full CTL proliferation and differentiation that was largely independent of any need for costimulation. By contrast, in vitro activation with the low-affinity EIINFEKL or SIIGFEKL ligands depended on the provision of IL-2 and other costimulatory signals. Importantly, although they did generate potent endogenous responses, infection of mice with influenza A viruses expressing these same OVA257 variants failed to induce the activation of adoptively transferred naive OT-I CTLps, an effect that was only partially overcome by priming with a lipopeptide vaccine. Subsequent structural and biophysical analysis of H2-KbOVA257, H2-KbE1, and H2-KbG4 established that these variations introduce small changes at the pMHCI interface and decrease epitope stability in ways that would likely impact cell surface presentation and recognition. Overall, it seems that there is an activation threshold for naive CTLps, that minimal alterations in peptide sequence can have profound effects, and that the antigenic requirements for the in vitro and in vivo induction of CTL proliferation and effector function differ substantially.