bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tamoxifen treatment and risk of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism
Authors: Hernandez Rohini K. , Sørensen Henrik Toft , Pedersen Lars , Jacobsen Jacob , Lash Timothy L. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Tamoxifen therapy is reported to increase the risk of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism (DVT/PE). To the authors' knowledge, it is not yet known whether the risk changes with the amount of time elapsed since the initial tamoxifen prescription. This information would be valuable in identifying patients at high risk for DVT/PE.METHODS:The relation between timing of tamoxifen use and venous thromboembolism risk was examined. The study population of 16,289 women was identified from the clinical database of the Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group. It included women diagnosed with International Union Against Cancer (UICC) stage I or stage II estrogen receptor‐positive breast cancer between 1990 and 2004 at ages 45 to 69 years. Risks, risk ratios (RRs), and crude and adjusted hazards ratios were calculated for each of the first 5 years after breast cancer surgery and then cumulatively over the next 5 years.RESULTS:The 5‐year risk of DVT/PE was 1.2% for women receiving tamoxifen and 0.50% for women not receiving tamoxifen. Women treated with tamoxifen were at a higher risk for DVT/PE during the first 2 years after exposure (RR, 3.5; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 2.1‐6.0). Subsequently, their risk was not found to be substantially increased (RR, 1.5; 95% CI, 0.88‐2.5). Older women taking tamoxifen appeared to be at higher risk than younger women during the first 2 years of exposure.CONCLUSIONS:The findings of the current study suggest that the first 2 years after the initiation of tamoxifen therapy may be the most crucial time for monitoring DVT/PE risk, particularly in older women. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Radiotherapy planning complexity and survival after treatment of advanced stage lung cancer in the elderly
Authors: Goldsmith Benjamin , Cesaretti Jamie , Wisnivesky Juan P. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Complex radiotherapy (RT) planning is increasingly common in the treatment of lung cancer, although it remains unclear if these treatments are associated with better outcomes. The authors evaluated the association between the complexity of RT planning simulation and survival among elderly patients with stage IIIB non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC).METHODS:The authors included all patients aged >65 years with histologically confirmed stage IIIB NSCLC diagnosed between 1992 and 2002 who were receiving chemotherapy and RT from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry linked to Medicare claims. Patients were divided into simple, intermediate, and complex RT planning groups using Medicare physician codes. Kaplan‐Meier curves and Cox regression were used to compare overall and lung cancer‐specific survival rates across groups.RESULTS:The authors identified 1733 patients: 148 (8%), 1138 (66%), and 447 (26%) were classified as having received simple, intermediate, and complex RT planning, respectively. Baseline characteristics were similar across groups. Increasing complexity of RT planning was significantly associated with better overall survival (P= .0002). Multivariate analyses showed that intermediate (hazards ratio [HR], 0.75; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.62‐0.91) and complex planning (HR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.55‐0.86) were associated with better overall survival compared with simple RT planning. Similar results were observed for lung cancer‐specific survival analyses. Toxicities were comparable across groups.CONCLUSIONS:The use of more complex RT planning and simulation methods is associated with better survival in elderly patients with stage IIIB NSCLC. Although these results should be further validated in prospective clinical trials, these data suggest that complex planning may improve the outcomes of these patients. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Two‐soliton solutions to the three‐dimensional gravitational Hartree equation
Authors: Krieger Joachim , Raphaël Pierre , Martel Yvan 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe construct nondispersive two‐soliton solutions to the three‐dimensional gravitational Hartree equation whose trajectories asymptotically reproduce the nontrapped dynamics of the gravitational two‐body problem. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
SERS Microscopy: Nanoparticle Probes and Biomedical Applications
Authors: Schlücker Sebastian 
Published: June 2009

AbstractMicrospectroscopic imaging: Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) microscopy is a novel method of vibrational microspectroscopic imaging for the selective detection of biomolecules in targeted research. This review summarizes current designs of nanoparticle‐based SERS probes (see figure) and highlights first biomedical applications of SERS microscopy for protein localization ex and in vivo.magnified imageSurface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) microscopy is a novel method of vibrational microspectroscopic imaging for the selective detection of biomolecules in targeted research. This technique combines the advantages of biofunctionalized metal nanoparticles and Raman microspectroscopy for visualizing and quantifying the distribution of target molecules such as proteins in cells and tissues. Advantages of SERS over existing labeling approaches include the tremendous multiplexing capacity, quantification using the characteristic SERS signatures and high photostability. This review summarizes current designs of nanoparticle‐based SERS probes and highlights first biomedical applications of SERS microscopy for protein localization ex and in vivo.
Cover Picture: Structure, Dynamics and Optical Properties of Fluorescent Proteins: Perspectives for Marker Development (ChemPhysChem 9‐10/2009)
Authors: Nienhaus G. Ulrich , Wiedenmann Jörg 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe cover picture displays the tentacles of the sea anemone Entacmaea quadricolor, a source of red fluorescent proteins. The 2‐imino‐5‐(4‐hydroxybenzylidene)‐imidazolinone chromophore (upper right) resides in the center of an 11‐stranded β‐barrel (lower left). The spectral properties of the fluorescent proteins depend on the conformation of the chromophore and its interactions with the surrounding protein scaffold. In the animal, the proteins form tight dimers or tetramers. Protein engineering yielded monomeric variants with optimized performance as protein tags in live cell imaging applications. On page 1369, G. U. Nienhaus and J. Wiedenmann review the structural diversity of GFP‐like proteins and discuss how structure and dynamics govern their optical properties and how they can be modified to create advanced marker proteins.magnified image
Inside Cover: Stable, Non‐Destructive Immobilization of Native Nuclear Membranes to Micro‐Structured PDMS for Single‐Molecule Force Spectroscopy (ChemPhysChem 9‐10/2009)
Authors: Rangl Martina , Nevo Reinat , Liashkovich Ivan , Shahin Victor , Reich Ziv , Ebner Andreas , Hinterdorfer Peter 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe investigation of native nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) with single‐molecule force spectroscopy requires stable and non‐destructive attachment of the nuclear envelope. Modified, micro‐structured PDMS turns out to be perfectly suited for membrane preparation as it preserves structure and function of the entire NPC, as shown on p. 1553 by A. Ebner et al.magnified image
A Dendritic Oligothiophene Ruthenium Sensitizer for Stable Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Sauvage Frédéric , Fischer Markus K. R. , Mishra Amaresh , Zakeeruddin Shaik M. , Nazeeruddin Mohammad K. , Bäuerle Peter , Grätzel Michael 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe report a new type of dendritic terthiophene attached to a 2,2’‐bipyridine ligand for ruthenium‐based dye‐sensitized solar cells. As a result of the incorporation of this electron‐rich terthiophene donor unit into the heteroleptic ruthenium sensitizer [Ru(dcbpy)(3Tbpy)(NCS)2] (3T), the lowest‐energy metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (MLCT) transition is red‐shifted and the molar extinction coefficient is increased compared to the analogous standard Z907Na sensitizer. A preliminary investigation of the 3T dye in combination with an iodine/iodide‐based electrolyte shows an interesting photovoltaic performance, with a maximum power conversion efficiency of 7.4 % measured under air mass 1.5 global sunlight irradiation. Accelerated testing of these devices at 60 °C under full sunlight soaking shows a remarkable stability over 1000 h.
The Free‐Radical Chemistry of Polyethylene Glycol: Organic Reactions in Compressed Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Wang Jin‐Quan , He Liang‐Nian , Miao Cheng‐Xia , Gao Jian 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe thermal oxidative degradation of polyethylene glycol (PEG) is known to occur in an oxygen atmosphere at elevated temperatures. In this study, PEG radicals assumed to result from thermal oxidative degradation are successfully applied, in combination with compressed CO2, to initiate a range of free‐radical reactions, such as selective formylation of primary and secondary aliphatic alcohols, oxidation of benzylic alcohols, benzylic CC bond cleavage, and benzylic sp3 CH oxidation, demonstrating enormous synthetic potential in a cost‐efficient, practically useful, and environmentally friendly manner; not requiring any catalyst or additional free‐radical initiator. We find that both PEG and molecular oxygen are prerequisites in order to perform these reactions smoothly. Given that dense CO2 is immune to free‐radical chemistry; it is an ideal solvent for such reactions. As a result, compressed CO2 allows reactions initiated by PEG radicals to be tuned by subtly adjusting reaction parameters such as the CO2 pressure, thereby enhancing the product selectivity. By attaining a high selectivity towards the desired products this methodology is practical for organic syntheses.
A Design‐of‐Experiments Approach for the Optimization and Understanding of the Cross‐Metathesis Reaction of Methyl Ricinoleate with Methyl Acrylate
Authors: Ho Thao T. T. , Jacobs Tina , Meier Michael A. R. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA design‐of‐experiments approach for the investigation of the cross‐metathesis of methyl ricinoleate with methyl acrylate is described. Two second‐generation metathesis initiators were studied using different reaction conditions, revealing optimal reaction conditions for each catalyst. Interestingly, the two catalysts showed completely different temperature response profiles. As a result of these investigations, suitable reaction conditions for the sustainable production of two value‐added chemical intermediates were derived. Moreover, the design‐of‐experiments approach provided valuable information for a thorough understanding of catalytic reactions that would be more difficult to obtain by classic approaches.
FLSAC: A new scheme to defend against greedy behavior in wireless mesh networks
Authors: Djahel Soufiene , Naït‐Abdesselam Farid 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe most commonly used medium access mechanism in wireless mesh networks is based on the CSMA/CA protocol. This protocol schedules properly the access to the medium among all the competing nodes. However, in a hostile environment, such as wireless mesh networks (WMNs), selfish or greedy behaving nodes may prefer to decline the proper use of the protocol rules in order to increase their bandwidth shares at the expense of the well‐behaving nodes. In this paper, we focus on such misbehavior and in particular on the adaptive greedy misbehavior of a node in the context of WMN environment. In such environment, wireless nodes compete to gain access to the medium and communicate with a mesh router (MR). In this case, a greedy node may violate the protocol rules in order to earn extra bandwidth share upon its neighbors. In order to avoid its detection, this node may adopt different techniques and switch dynamically between each of them. To counter such misbehavior, we propose to use a fuzzy logic‐based detection scheme. This scheme, dubbed FLSAC, is implemented in the MR/gateway to monitor the behavior of the attached wireless nodes and report any deviation from the proper use of the protocol. The simulation results of the proposed FLSAC scheme show robustness and its ability to detect and identify quickly any adaptive cheater. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An efficient vertical handoff scheme for microcellular and macrocellular interworking
Authors: Tansu F. , Salamah M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe next generation wireless network environments increasingly become integrated to support anywhere, anytime connectivity for various applications like multimedia, full‐motion video and high data rates with appropriate quality of service (QoS). With these emerging needs, interworking of microcellular and macrocellular networks has been accompanied by service providers. However, these networks have different technologies, which make efficient vertical handoff a challenging issue. In this study, an efficient vertical handoff scheme (EVHS) for interworking between microcellular and macrocellular networks is proposed and analyzed. The handoff decision criteria of the proposed scheme include crucial features like user mobility, network conditions, pricing issues, and user preferences in addition to the received signal strength (RSS). EVHS ensures the selection of the most appropriate network in terms of cost and acceptable QoS according to users' preferences. The results show that EVHS scheme outperforms other proposed schemes in the literature in terms of incompletion probabilities, grade of service (GoS) and cost without causing degradation in system utilization. Besides, although EVHS scheme is mainly intended for user satisfaction, the results show that it does not cause a significant degradation in the revenue of the service provider. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance enhancement of mSCTP for vertical handover across heterogeneous wireless networks
Authors: Kim Dong Phil , Koh Seok Joo 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn the mobile Stream Control Transmission Protocol (mSCTP) for vertical handover, a mobile user may suffer from performance degradation due to the problems of packet reordering and retransmission timeout and due to the packet loss during handover. To solve these problems, we propose a new scheme of handover retransmission for mSCTP handover, in which the correspondent node retransmits the outstanding data packets to the mobile node over the new primary path. From simulation results, it is shown that the proposed scheme can avoid the packet reordering and retransmission timeout problems during handover. Moreover, we can see that the proposed scheme can significantly improve throughput of mSCTP handover, compared with the existing schemes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Epidemiology of diabetes in Asians of the Indian subcontinent
Authors: Ramaiya Kaushik L. , Kodali V. R. R. , Alberti K. G. M. M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAsians from the Indian subcontinent have received greater attention in diabetes studies because of their migration in large numbers. The prevalence of non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in migrant Indians is higher than that in the population residing in the Indian subcontinent and is also usually higher than in the other racial groups in the host country. However, before drawing any conclusions with reference to the high prevalence of NIDDM in the migrant Indians, careful comparisons are required with more up‐to‐date information available from the Indian subcontinent itself. Recent data from India indeed indicate that the prevalence rates have either been underestimated in the past or are rising. The problem is compounded by the different diagnostic criteria used for defining diabetes. Some of the possible factors which cause variations in the rates of NIDDM in this population are discussed.
The scleroderma‐like syndrome of insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus
Authors: Brik R. , Berant M. , Vardi P. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe scleroderma‐like syndrome (SLS) of diabetes consists of limited joint mobility and digital sclerosis. It is described in 8–50% of insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus patients and is the earliest clinically apparent long‐term complication of diabetes in children and adolescents. The frequency of this finding appears to be related to the duration of diabetes and increasing age. Less clear are the relationships between this syndrome and glycaemic control or genetic factors. SLS is an easily identifiable marker for those young patients who may be at increased risk for the development of early microvascular complications. Recognition of this characterization will permit the clinician to focus, on newer and improved techniques for long‐term physiological control of the diabetes, in an attempt to prevent microvascular disease.
Synthesis and Photophysical Studies of a Pyrenylindole and a Phenalenoindole Obtained from Dehydroamino Acid Derivatives – Application as Fluorescent Probes for Biological Systems
Authors: Pereira Goreti , Abreu Ana S. , Castanheira Elisabete M. S. , Coutinho Paulo J. G. , Ferreira Paula M. T. , Queiroz Maria‐João R. P. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractTwo pyrenyl‐dehydroamino acid derivatives were cyclized by a metal‐assisted C–N intramolecular cyclization developed in our research group, to give a pyrenylindole and a phenalenoindole. The pyrenylindole was inserted into a peptide by solid‐phase coupling, with use of a 2‐chlorotrityl chloride resin and a Fmoc strategy. The photophysical properties of the pyrenylindole and phenalenoindole in several solvents were studied and showed that these compounds can be used as fluorescence probes. The results obtained with the peptide labelled with the pyrenylindole moiety show potential for use of this compound as a fluorescence label avoiding the aggregation propensity of pyrene compounds. Photophysical studies of the pyrenylindole and of the phenalenoindole in lipid membranes were also carried out. Steady‐state fluorescence anisotropy measurements revealed that both compounds adopt locations inside the lipid bilayers and are able to report the transition between the gel and liquid‐crystalline phases. The results point to potential use of these compounds as fluorescent probes for biological systems.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Probing the Mode of Asymmetric Induction of Biginelli Reaction Using Proline Ester Salts
Authors: Sohn Jeong‐Hun , Choi Hyun‐Moo , Lee Sunjung , Joung Seewon , Lee Hee‐Yoon 
Published: June 2009

AbstractDescribed are the studies on the mechanism of the asymmetric Biginelli reaction using proline ester salt catalyst to explain the enantioselectivity of the 3,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐one (DHPM) formation. Of the three possible activation methods by the catalyst that could provide asymmetric induction we revealed that the steric environment of the chiral enamine formed by the condensation of β‐keto ester with the catalyst is most responsible for the enantioselectivity. This assumption is supported by experiments with the N‐methylated catalyst, and the combination sets of L‐ or D‐proline ester catalyst with racemic or chiral BINOL‐derived phosphoric acid as counter acid. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Alternative Coupling Reaction with Unactivated Furan Derivatives
Authors: Giroux Marc‐André , Guérard Kimiaka C. , Beaulieu Marc‐André , Sabot Cyrille , Canesi Sylvain 
Published: June 2009

AbstractTreatment of various dienimides in the presence of a Lewis acid and (trimethylsiloxy)furan leads to the corresponding aniline furan‐2(5H)‐ones. The same treatment with furan yields a triaryl product and, surprisingly, a byproduct with a pentacyclo[5.4.0.0.0.0]undecane main core. The formation of this birdcage system containing nine stereogenic centres was produced with complete diastereoselectivity.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Self‐Assembled Multilayers of Polyethylenimine and DNA: Spectrophotometric and Electrochemical Characterization and Application for the Determination of Acridine Orange Interaction
Authors: Ferreyra N. F. , Rivas G. A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis work deals with the study of the interaction between acridine orange (AO) and calf‐thymus double stranded DNA (dsDNA) present in supramolecular architectures built on gold electrodes modified with mercapto‐1‐propanesulfonic acid (MPS) by self‐assembling of polyethylenimine and dsDNA. The optimal conditions for building the supramolecular architecture were obtained from UV‐vis spectrophotometric experiments. The electrochemical studies were performed by adsorptive transfer square wave voltammetry from the evaluation of the oxidation signal of AO accumulated within the multistructure. The effect of the number of PEI‐dsDNA bilayers (Au/MPS/(PEI‐dsDNA)n) on the accumulation and electrooxidation of AO is also discussed.
Rapid and Precise Coulometric Determination of Calcium Based on Electrolysis for Ion Transfer at the Aqueous|Organic Solution Interface
Authors: Kasuno Megumi , Kakitani Yuri , Shibafuji Yayoi , Okugaki Tomohiko , Maeda Kohji , Matsushita Takayuki , Kihara Sorin 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA flow system was developed for the precise determination of Ca2+ based on the electrolytic ion transfer at the aqueous|1,2‐dichloroethane, W|DCE, interface. N,N,N′,N′‐tetraoctyl‐1,3‐oxapentanediamide was added to DCE to facilitate the transfer of Ca2+. The determination of Ca2+ could be achieved with an efficiency of 99.9±0.1% based on the coulomb number for the transfer of Ca2+. The coexistence of Mg2+, Na+, or K+ of concentration identical with that of Ca2+ did not give any interference. The interference from a large excess of Na+ was removed at another cell with DCE containing bis[(12‐crown‐4)methyl]‐2‐dodecyl‐2‐methylmalonate placed before the cell for the determination.
Feasibility of electrodialysis as a fast and selective sample preparation method for the profiling of low‐abundant peptides in biofluids
Authors: Kamphorst Jurre J. , Tjaden Ubbo R. , van der Heijden Rob , DeGroot Jeroen , van der Greef Jan , Hankemeier Thomas 
Published: June 2009

AbstractConsiderable interest exists in endogenous peptides as potential biomarkers, since they act as signaling molecules and are formed by degradation of proteins. A crucial step in the profiling of these peptides is the sample preparation, which aims to enrich the low‐abundant peptides, while removing interfering matrix compounds. In a feasibility study we examined the suitability of electrodialysis (ED) for this purpose. A custom‐made device was developed from the low‐binding material Kel‐F. It consisted of two compartments separated by a dialysis membrane, over which a voltage was applied. One compartment served as donor (containing the sample), while the smaller acceptor compartment collected the peptides. The procedure was optimized by investigating the effect of the applied voltage, ammonium acetate buffer concentration, and ED duration using model peptides. Optimum conditions were found at 300 V (150 V/cm), 25 mM ammonium acetate buffer (pH 3.8) containing 20% v/v DMSO, and 10 min, respectively. With these optimized parameters, recoveries for the model peptides were found to be 35–85% (average 64%). Additionally, ED was successfully applied to the challenging synovial fluid biological sample (due to its high viscosity). In a synovial fluid sample from a rheumatoid arthritis patient, 27 peptides originating from 12 proteins were identified, of which a considerable fraction was not identified before with other methods. This demonstrates the usefulness and complementary nature of combining ED with nanoLC‐MS for biomarker discovery. These results indicate that ED is promising as a fast and selective sample preparation method for the profiling of endogenous peptides.