bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
S100A6 (calcyclin) deficiency induces senescence‐like changes in cell cycle, morphology and functional characteristics of mouse NIH 3T3 fibroblasts
Authors: Słomnicki Łukasz P. , Leśniak Wiesława 
Published: December 2009

AbstractS100A6 (calcyclin) is a calcium binding protein with two EF‐hand structures expressed mostly in fibroblasts and epithelial cells. We have established a NIH 3T3 fibroblast cell line stably transfected with siRNA against S100A6 to examine the effect of S100A6 deficiency on non‐transformed cell physiology. We found that NIH 3T3 fibroblasts with decreased level of S100A6 manifested altered cell morphology and proliferated at a much slower pace than the control cells. Cell cycle analysis showed that a large population of these cells lost the ability to respond to serum and persisted in the G0/G1 phase. Furthermore, fibroblasts with diminished S100A6 level exhibited morphological changes and biochemical features of cellular senescence as revealed by β‐galactosidase and gelatinase assays. Also, S100A6 deficiency induced changes in the actin cytoskeleton and had a profound impact on cell adhesion and migration. Thus, we have shown that the S100A6 protein is involved in multiple aspects of fibroblast physiology and that its presence ensures normal fibroblast proliferation and function. J. Cell. Biochem. 109: 576–584, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
FIAT control of osteoblast activity
Authors: St‐Arnaud René , Mandic Vice 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe basic domain‐leucine zipper transcription factor activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) regulates most functions of the osteoblast. It is therefore not surprising that its activity should be regulated through several mechanisms. Factor inhibiting ATF4‐mediated transcription (FIAT) is a leucine zipper nuclear molecule lacking a basic domain for DNA binding that interacts with ATF4 to repress its transcriptional activity. FIAT expression was monitored in parallel with ATF4 during osteoblastogenesis. The mechanism of ATF4 repression by FIAT was investigated through structure–function analysis. The physiological significance of FIAT expression in osteoblasts was studied through silencing FIAT in osteoblasts by RNA interference, as well as through characterization of two genetic mouse models: FIAT transgenic mice which overexpress FIAT in osteoblasts, and FIAT knockout mice. Studies to date show that FIAT and ATF4 are co‐expressed in osteoblasts, and that FIAT inhibition of matrix mineralization requires dimerization with ATF4 through the second leucine zipper. Furthermore, transgenic mice overexpressing FIAT exhibit osteopenia. The phenotype of FIAT knockout mice is still under evaluation but the salient aspects are discussed here. Taken together, the results accumulated to date support the hypothesis that FIAT is a transcriptional repressor that modulates osteoblast function. J. Cell. Biochem. 109: 453–459, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparative skull osteology of Karsenia koreana (Amphibia, Caudata, Plethodontidae)
Authors: Buckley David , Wake Marvalee H. , Wake David B. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe recent discovery of a plethodontid salamander, Karsenia koreana, in Korea challenged our understanding of the biogeographic history of the family Plethodontidae, by far the largest family of salamanders, which otherwise is distributed in the New World with a few European species. Molecular studies suggest that Karsenia forms a clade with Hydromantes (sensu lato), which includes among its species the only other Old World plethodontids. We studied the skull of K. koreana and compared it with that of other plethodontid genera, especially members of the subfamily Plethodontinae, which it resembles most closely in general anatomy. The anatomy of its skull corresponds to the most generalized and apparently ancestral condition for plethodontids. No clearly autapomorphic states were detected, and no synapomorphies can be found that would link it to other genera. The Karsenia skull is cylindrical and well ossified, giving an impression of strength. In contrast, the skull of Hydromantes is highly derived; the skull is flattened and the bones are weakly ossified and articulated. Hydromantes and Karsenia share no unique anatomical features; differences between them are especially evident in the hyobranchial skeleton, which is generalized in Karsenia but highly modified in Hydromantes, which is well known for its highly projectile tongue. Plethodon and Plethodon‐like species, including Karsenia and to a lesser degree Ensatina, represent the more generalized and apparently ancestral plethodontid morphology. Specialized morphologies have evolved along only a few morphological axes within the Plethodontidae, resulting in a pattern of rampant homoplasy. Our analysis of the anatomy of the new Asiatic lineage illuminates some potential mechanisms underlying adaptive morphological evolution within the Plethodontidae. J. Morphol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Posthatching development of Alligator mississippiensis ovary and testis
Authors: Moore Brandon C. , Hamlin Heather J. , Botteri Nicole L. , Lawler Ashley N. , Mathavan Ketan K. , Guillette Louis J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWe investigated ovary and testis development of Alligator mississippiensis during the first 5 months posthatch. To better describe follicle assembly and seminiferous cord development, we used histochemical techniques to detect carbohydrate‐rich extracellular matrix components in 1‐week, 1‐month, 3‐month, and 5‐month‐old gonads. We found profound morphological changes in both ovary and testis. During this time, oogenesis progressed up to diplotene arrest and meiotic germ cells increasingly interacted with follicular cells. Concomitant with follicles becoming invested with full complements of granulosa cells, a periodic acid Schiff's (PAS)‐positive basement membrane formed. As follicles enlarged and thecal layers were observed, basement membranes and thecal compartments gained periodic acid‐methionine silver (PAMS)‐reactive fibers. The ovarian medulla increased first PAS‐ and then PAMS reactivity as it fragmented into wide lacunae lined with low cuboidal to squamous epithelia. During this same period, testicular germ cells found along the tubule margins were observed progressing from spermatogonia to round spermatids located within the center of tubules. Accompanying this meiotic development, interstitial Leydig cell clusters become more visible and testicular capsules thickened. During the observed testis development, the thickening tunica albuginea and widening interstitial tissues showed increasing PAS‐ and PAMS reactivity. We observed putative intersex structures in both ovary and testis. On the coelomic aspect of testes were cell clusters with germ cell morphology and at the posterior end of ovaries, we observed “medullary rests” resembling immature testis cords. We hypothesize laboratory conditions accelerated gonad maturation due to optimum conditions, including nutrients and temperature. Laboratory alligators grew more rapidly and with increased body conditions compared with previous measured, field‐caught animals. Additionally, we predict the morphological maturation observed in these gonads is concomitant with increased endocrine activities. J. Morphol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Virtual reality: A new paranasal sinus surgery simulator
Authors: Tolsdorff Boris , Pommert Andreas , Höhne Karl Heinz , Petersik Andreas , Pflesser Bernhard , Tiede Ulf , Leuwer Rudolf 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Virtual surgical training systems are of growing value. Current prototypes for endonasal sinus surgery simulation are very expensive or lack running stability. No reliable system is available to a notable number of users yet. The purpose of this work was to develop a dependable simulator running on standard PC hardware including a detailed anatomic model, realistic tools and handling, stereoscopic view, and force feedback.Study Design:Descriptive.Methods:A three‐dimensional voxel model was created based on a high‐resolution computed tomography study of a human skull, from which the bony structures were segmented. The mucosa and organs at risk were added manually. The model may be manipulated with virtual surgical tools controlled with a low‐cost haptic device, which is also used to adjust microscopic or endoscopic views. Visualization, haptic rendering, and tissue removal are represented with subvoxel resolution.Results:The handling of the model is convincing. The haptic device provides a realistic feeling regarding the interaction between tool tip and anatomy. Three‐dimensional orientation and the look and feel of virtual surgical interventions get close to reality.Conclusions:The newly developed system is a stable, fully operational simulator for sinus surgery based on standard PC hardware. Besides the limitations of a low‐cost haptic device, the presented system is highly realistic regarding anatomy, visualization, manipulation, and the appearance of the tools. It is mainly intended for gaining surgical anatomy knowledge and for training navigation in a complex anatomical environment. Learning effects, including motor skills, have yet to be quantified. Laryngoscope, 2010
Outcomes of salvage surgery with free flap reconstruction for recurrent oral and oropharyngeal cancer
Authors: Kostrzewa John P. , Lancaster William P. , Iseli Tim A. , Desmond Renee A. , Carroll William R. , Rosenthal Eben L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To evaluate outcomes of salvage surgery with free flap reconstruction for recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx and oral cavity with increased use of chemoradiotherapy.Study Design:Retrospective patient review.Methods:All patients undergoing salvage surgery with free flap reconstruction for oropharynx (n = 36) and oral cavity (n = 36) squamous cell carcinomas between January 2001 and January 2008 were obtained. Mean follow‐up was 14 months. Previous chemoradiotherapy was used in 40% and radiotherapy alone in 60%.Results:Complications were more frequent in oropharynx than oral cavity tumors (36% and 14%, respectively; P = .05) requiring more secondary procedures (15 for oropharynx vs. six for oral cavity). Few patients returned to a normal diet (8%), and a majority retained an enterogastric feeding tube (56%). Median survival overall following salvage surgery was 44.8 months for oral cavity and 53.8 months for oropharynx head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Overall estimated 1‐, 2‐, and 5‐year observed survivals were 98%, 77.2%, and 43.7%, respectively. Twelve patients had a disease‐free interval of <6 months, 92% of whom died of disease. Of 17 patients with disease at the primary site and involved regional lymph nodes, 94% died of disease.Conclusions:Salvage surgery with free flap reconstruction for recurrent oral and oropharyngeal tumors after chemoradiotherapy has acceptable morbidity and similar cure rates as salvage following radiotherapy without chemotherapy. Concurrent nodal recurrence and short disease‐free interval are associated with reduced cure rates. A significant proportion will require enterogastric feeding and few will tolerate a normal diet. Laryngoscope, 2010
Pyramidal eminence and subpyramidal space: An endoscopic anatomical study
Authors: Marchioni Daniele , Alicandri‐Ciufelli Matteo , Grammatica Alberto , Mattioli Francesco , Presutti Livio 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To describe retrotympanic endoscopic anatomy, especially the pyramidal eminence and contiguous spaces.Study Design:This was an anatomical study on a prospective case series.Methods:The anatomy of the retrotympanum was studied by endoscopy in nine patients affected by cholesteatoma who underwent tympanomastoid surgery and in six temporal bone dissections.Results:Pneumatization of the sinus tympani and posterior tympanic sinus or both, noted in 12 ears out of 15, may give rise to a recess beneath the pyramidal eminence, which we have called the subpyramidal space. This space can manifest with a variable degree of depth, shape, or extent depending on the shape and dimensions of the pyramidal eminence.Conclusions:Endoscopic exploration of the middle ear may guarantee a very good exposure of retrotympanic structures, allowing detailed anatomical descriptions of hidden areas. Improvement in our knowledge of the anatomy may decrease the possibility of residual disease during cholesteatoma surgery. Laryngoscope, 2010
Review of current progress in quantum dot infrared photodetectors
Authors: Barve A.V. , Lee S.J. , Noh S.K. , Krishna S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractQuantum dot infrared photodetectors (QDIPs) have made significant progress after their early demonstration about a decade ago. We review the progress made by QDIP technology over the last few years and compare QDIPs with quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs). It is shown that the performance of QDIPs has significantly improved using novel architectures such as dots‐in‐a‐well designs, and large‐format (1 K × 1 K) focal plane arrays have been realized. However, even though there are significant reports of performance parameters better than QWIPs from single‐pixel devices, QDIP‐based focal plane arrays are still a factor of 3–5 worse in terms of noise equivalent temperature difference. We discuss the reasons for the performance gap and the key scientific and technological challenges that need to be addressed to achieve the full potential of QD‐based technology.
Anisotropy of spin relaxation of water protons in cartilage and tendon
Authors: Momot Konstantin I. , Pope James M. , Wellard R. Mark 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTransverse spin relaxation rates of water protons in articular cartilage and tendon depend on the orientation of the tissue relative to the applied static magnetic field. This complicates the interpretation of magnetic resonance images of these tissues. At the same time, relaxation data can provide information about their organisation and microstructure. We present a theoretical analysis of the anisotropy of spin relaxation of water protons observed in fully hydrated cartilage. We demonstrate that the anisotropy of transverse relaxation is due almost entirely to intramolecular dipolar coupling modulated by a specific mode of slow molecular motion: the diffusion of water molecules in the hydration shell of a collagen fibre around the fibre, such that the molecular director remains perpendicular to the fibre. The theoretical anisotropy arising from this mechanism follows the ‘magic‐angle’ dependence observed in magnetic‐resonance measurements of cartilage and tendon and is in good agreement with the available experimental results. We discuss the implications of the theoretical findings for MRI of ordered collagenous tissues. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proteomic characterization of a pilR regulatory mutant of Azoarcus sp. strain BH72 with the aid of gel‐based and gel‐free approaches
Authors: Hauberg Lena , Schmidt Frank , Scharf Christian , Dörr Juliane , Völker Uwe , Reinhold‐Hurek Barbara 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe proteome of the grass endophyte Azoarcus sp. strain BH72 was analyzed by a combination of gel‐based methods by means of 2‐DE and MS and a gel‐free approach via LC‐MS/MS. Among the identified 785 proteins, synthesis of around 100 conserved hypothetical proteins could be confirmed. Membrane proteins were detected at a higher rate in the gel‐free than in the gel‐based approach. The abundance of proteins in the constructed proteome reference map was analyzed and the 30 most abundant proteins were determined. The reference map was then used as a starting point to characterize the regulon under control of the response regulator PilR. PilR is part of the two‐component regulatory system PilSR controlling type IV pilin gene (pilAB) expression in strain BH72, which was strongly decreased (19.7‐fold) in the pilR‐mutant. Changes of protein composition in the wild type and the regulatory mutant were compared by the gel‐based and gel‐free analyses. Proteins responsible for amino acid and energy metabolism, chaperones as well as proteins that are involved in iron metabolism and iron storage were present in a pilR‐mutant at different levels than in the wild‐type strain. Levels of the transcriptional regulator Flp were also dependent on PilR, indicating that PilR might be part of a hierarchical regulatory cascade.
Mesoporous silica chips for selective enrichment and stabilization of low molecular weight proteome
Authors: Bouamrani Ali , Hu Ye , Tasciotti Ennio , Li Li , Chiappini Ciro , Liu Xuewu , Ferrari Mauro 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe advanced properties of mesoporous silica have been demonstrated in applications, which include chemical sensing, filtration, catalysis, drug delivery and selective biomolecular uptake. These properties depend on the architectural, physical and chemical properties of the material, which in turn are determined by the processing parameters in evaporation‐induced self‐assembly. In this study, we introduce a combinatorial approach for the removal of the high molecular weight proteins and for the specific isolation and enrichment of low molecular weight species. This approach is based on mesoporous silica chips able to fractionate, selectively harvest and protect from enzymatic degradation, peptides and proteins present in complex human biological fluids. We present the characterization of the harvesting properties of a wide range of mesoporous chips using a library of peptides and proteins standard and their selectivity on the recovery of serum peptidome. Using MALDI‐TOF‐MS, we established the correlation between the harvesting specificity and the physicochemical properties of mesoporous silica surfaces. The introduction of this mesoporous material with fine controlled properties will provide a powerful platform for proteomics application offering a rapid and efficient methodology for low molecular weight biomarker discovery.
Dynamics of the Dictyostelium discoideum mitochondrial proteome during vegetative growth, starvation and early stages of development
Authors: Czarna Malgorzata , Mathy Gregory , Mac'Cord Allan , Dobson Rowan , Jarmuszkiewicz Wieslawa , Sluse‐Goffart Claudine M. , Leprince Pierre , De Pauw Edwin , Sluse Francis E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn this study, a quantitative comparative proteomics approach has been used to analyze the Dictyostelium discoideum mitochondrial proteome variations during vegetative growth, starvation and the early stages of development. Application of 2‐D DIGE technology allowed the detection of around 2000 protein spots on each 2‐D gel with 180 proteins exhibiting significant changes in their expression level. In total, 96 proteins (51 unique and 45 redundant) were unambiguously identified. We show that the D. discoideum mitochondrial proteome adaptations mainly affect energy metabolism enzymes (the Krebs cycle, anaplerotic pathways, the oxidative phosphorylation system and energy dissipation), proteins involved in developmental and signaling processes as well as in protein biosynthesis and fate. The most striking observations were the opposite regulation of expression of citrate synthase and aconitase and the very large variation in the expression of the alternative oxidase that highlighted the importance of citrate and alternative oxidase in the physiology of the development of D. discoideum. Mitochondrial energy states measured in vivo with MitoTracker Orange CM™Ros showed an increase in mitochondrial membrane polarization during D. discoideum starvation and starvation‐induced development.
Insulin mimetics in Urtica dioica: structural and computational analyses of Urtica dioica extracts
Authors: Domola Masoud Shabani , Vu Vivian , Robson‐Doucette Christine A. , Sweeney Gary , Wheeler Michael B. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractUrtica Dioica (UD) is a plant shown to reduce blood glucose levels upon oral ingestion; however, neither its active component nor its mechanism of action has been identified. One active fraction of this extract, termed UD‐1, was separated by molecular sieve column chromatography and purified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). While UD‐1 did not stimulate insulin secretion in glucose‐responsive MIN6 clonal beta‐cells, chronic exposure (24 h) significantly enhanced glucose uptake (∼1.5‐fold) in L6‐GLUT4myc myoblast cells. Using HPLC and MALDI‐TOF, we further purified the UD‐1 fraction into two fractions termed UD‐1A and UD‐1B. Computational and structural analyses strongly suggested that the antidiabetic component of UD‐1 was due to one or more structurally related cyclical peptides that facilitate glucose uptake by forming unique glucose permeable pores. The structure and function of these glucose‐conducting pores are discussed herein. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theoretical study of [Si,O,C,O] species: Prediction of new species on triplet potential energy surface
Authors: Mondal Bhaskar , Ghosh Deepanwita , Das Abhijit K. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe intermediates [Si,O,C,O] of the Si + CO2 reaction have been studied in detail using high level ab iniitio methods. Both singlet and triplet [Si,O,C,O] species are characterized structurally and energetically. On the singlet potential energy surface (PES), the vdw‐OSi–CO isomer and in the triplet PES, the bent‐SiOCO isomer is found to be thermodynamically as well as kinetically most stable species. All possible isomerization transition states (TS) are located on both singlet and triplet potential surfaces. On the triplet surface, the stability of the trans‐OSiCO isomer is comparable with that of the bent‐SiOCO isomer. A non‐planar cis‐SiOCO isomer is located on the triplet PES, which is predicted for the first time. Heats of formation at 0 K (ΔfH°, 0 K) for all singlet and triplet species are computed using G3B3, G3MP2, and CBS‐Q theories. The discrepancy between G3B3 and the other two methods for the heat of formation value for triplet trans‐OSiCO is discussed. The PESs for singlet as well as triplet species with their dissociation asymptotes are explored at the CCSD(T)/6‐311G(d,p)//MP2/6‐311G(d,p) level of theory. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Rapid prototyped PGA/PLA scaffolds in the reconstruction of mandibular condyle bone defects
Authors: Xu Hua , Han Dong , Dong Jia‐Sheng , Shen Guo‐Xiong , Chai Gang , Yu Zhe‐Yuan , Lang Wei‐Jun , Ai Song‐Tao 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackgroundCraniomaxillofacial bone defects are currently reconstructed by using computer‐aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) processes. We have developed a novel digital medical support system that enables us to custom‐make scaffolds to repair craniomaxillofacial bone defects using three‐dimensional computed tomographic (CT) images and a rapid‐prototyping method.MethodsWe created positive molds using CT data, CAD/CAM and a rapid prototyping method using 3D printing. Custom‐made poly (glycolic acid) (PGA) and polymers poly (lactic acid) (PLA) scaffolds were prefabricated by a positive‐negative mold interchange technique. A laser scanning system was used to evaluate the accuracy of the PGA/PLA scaffold. Bone marrow stem cells were incubated with the scaffold to assess biocompatibility.ResultsThe mean error was <0.3 mm and confidence was ≥95% when the error was <1 mm. Results from in vitro cell culture demonstrated that the PGA/PLA scaffold had excellent cellular compatibility.ConclusionsThis pilot study suggests that custom‐made PGA/PLA scaffolds infiltrated with bone marrow stem cells may be effective for future treatment of craniomaxillofacial bone injuries. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.