bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON NUCLEAR STRUCTURE IN CARTILAGE CELLS
Authors: Rigal W. M. , Little K. 
Published: November 2011

SYNOPSISOn comparing the electron‐microscope appearance of, and the sites of tritiated thymidine uptake within, the nuclei of cartilage cells in the growing epiphysis, a corresponding pattern of distribution of electron‐dense material and isotope was found. Similarly, cells capable of tritiated thymidine uptake, and in which metaphase arrests can be produced with colchicine, were found to have electron‐dense nuclei on examination in the electron microscope. When the pattern of tritiated thymidine was changed by the prior administration of growth hormone to the animal, the distribution of electron‐dense nuclei showed the same changes.During the active phase, direct physical connections were observed to exist between the nuclei and surroundings of the cartilage cells. The effect of vitamin C deficiency was to inhibit the formation of endoplasmic reticulum, while leaving the connections between the nucleus and exterior of the cell intact.The main effect of colchicine was to remove the connections between the nucleus and its surroundings, while the nucleolus was frequently enlarged. (The central part of the nucleolus is normally connected directly with a large cytoplasmic inclusion.) Individual chromosomes are rarely seen in cartilage, even after the administration of colchicine, although after this treatment chromosomes were frequently found in marrow cells.
SOME NEW AND INTERESTING MASTOGLOIA FROM THE MEDITERRANEAN AREA AND THE FAR EAST
Authors: Voigt Manfred 
Published: November 2011

SYNOPSISAfter some general remarks concerning the interpretation of certain structural markings of Mastogloia, which have hitherto often been neglected, but which must now be considered as being of value in separating otherwise similar species, some new Mastogloia are described, in the first part from collections made in the Mediterranean area. The second part comprises descriptions of a number of Mastogloia species from the Far East, omitted from previous papers owing, mostly, to the fact that specimens suitable for photomicrographic reproduction had not been found when these were published.In order to facilitate reference, the species are again arranged in alphabetical order.
Quality‐of‐care framework in urological cancers: where do we stand?
Authors: Wang Tim T. , Ahmed Kamran , Khan Mohammed Shamim , Dasgupta Prokar 
Published: November 2011

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Provision of high‐quality care necessitates the identification and measurement of relevant quality indicators. Urological surgery currently does not have a validated quality‐of‐care framework to guide surgical quality improvement.This article aims to delineate quality of care processes, current status of quality indicators for major urological cancers as well as recommend a provisional framework for evaluation of quality for urological procedures.Growing demands for patient safety, lower cost and quality of care have resulted in several initiatives of quality measurement across urological surgery. Although candidate indicators have been proposed in various procedures, the field still lacks a valid quality framework. Better understanding of the interplay between patient selection, surgical expertise, preoperative‐, intraoperative, postoperative processes and outcomes is needed. Consensus needs to be achieved in which validated structural, process and outcomes measures to employ, how this data should be collected, which agencies to share this data with and how to use this data to effect change in health policy. Compliance with quality framework needs to be continuously audited with its outcomes frequently benchmarked against international standards. Pursuit of quality improvement schemes require significant investment and need to be weighed against current budgetary constraints.
Ustekinumab in clinical practice: response depends on dose and previous treatment
Authors: Ruiz Salas V. , Puig L. , Alomar A. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjectives  To evaluate the efficacy of ustekinumab in a series of patients with moderate to severe psoriasis treated according to the European Medicines Agency (EMA) label and to identify factors such as dose, baseline PASI or previous treatment potentially related to therapeutic outcome.Methods  Retrospective review of the clinical records from 36 consecutive patients treated with ustekinumab during at least 36 weeks at a single referral center. Candidates for treatment had a PASI ≥ 10 or a BSA ≥ 10 and either failure to respond to, or a contraindication to, or intolerance to some systemic or another biologic treatment. The main outcome measures were PASI improvement with respect to baseline at weeks 12 and 24 (prior to the third injection of ustekinumab).Results  Overall 75%, 69%, and 86% patients achieved PASI75 response rates at weeks 12, 24 and 36, respectively. Patients weighing ≤ 100 kg and treated with 45 mg doses had better PASI 50, PASI75 and PASI90 response rates than heavier patients (treated with 90 mg) at every point in time, and the differences were statistically significant at week 24. PASI75 response rates at week 24 were significantly better in patients with no prior exposure to TNFα blocking agents (85% vs. 50%, P = 0.0235).Conclusions  In clinical practice, ustekinumab is effective both in biologic‐naÿve patients and as salvage therapy when other biological treatments have failed. The response rates prior to the third injection in our series were better in patients weighing ≤ 100 kg and in those without previous exposure to biologics.
Ghrelin in the fetal pancreas – a digital quantitation study
Authors: HASSELBY JANE PREUSS , MAROUN LISA LETH , FEDERSPIEL BIRGITTE HARTNACK , VAINER BEN 
Published: November 2011

Hasselby JP, Maroun LL, Federspiel BH, Vainer B. Ghrelin in the fetal pancreas – a digital quantitation study. APMIS 2011.Ghrelin is a hormone produced by specialized neuroendocrine cells located in the fetal pancreas. In the adult, ghrelin has multiple effects, but in the fetus the role of ghrelin and the distribution of ghrelin‐producing cells is not well documented. The aim of this study was to describe and quantitate the number of ghrelin positive cells in the pancreas during gestation. The material consisted of pancreatic tissue from 19 fetuses at different gestational ages. Immunohistochemical staining was performed, and the expression was quantitated using an automated digital image analysis system. The results showed ghrelin‐producing cells as scattered single cells in ductular structures and acini throughout the gestation. From midgestation they were also found in the periphery of the islets as a rim of cells. A tendency towards a high ghrelin expression during early gestation and a stable expression from midgestation to term was observed. In conclusion, the effects of fetal ghrelin are not fully understood, but the varying distribution of ghrelin positive cells indicates different effects of ghrelin during development.
“Obama system:” A new easy, safe, and economical technique for laparoscopic single‐port surgery
Authors: Soma T , Sugano M , Ito T , Kiguchi G , Tanaka T , Hattori Y 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIntroductionVarious approaches to laparoscopic single‐site surgery (LESS) have been developed to reduce pain and other complications, promote recovery, and improve cosmetic outcomes, particularly relative to conventional open or laparoscopic surgery. Three‐port procedures for LESS have been reported to be superior to single‐port access, but they usually require expensive, technically sophisticated instruments. To avoid these problems, we have developed a modified procedure for performing LESS with a single port, referred to as the “Obama system.”MethodsFrom January 2009 through December 2010, we performed laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) in 61 patients. Conventional LC with three ports was performed in 39 patients, LESS with a SILS Port was performed in 4 patients, and modified LESS was performed using the Obama system in 18 patients. The operative results were compared.ResultsLC was successfully completed in all 61 patients, with no postoperative complications. The mean operating time was 102.3 min (C‐reactive protein [CRP] ≤ 2) and 160.1 min (CRP > 2) in the 39 patients who underwent conventional LC, 108.3 min (CRP ≤ 2) in the 4 patients who underwent LESS with a SILS Port, and 116.5 min (CRP ≤ 2) and 186.5 min (CRP > 2) in the 18 patients who underwent LESS using the Obama system. No morbidity or mortality was associated with any technique.ConclusionThe Obama system is easier to use and more efficient and reliable than any other technique currently available for LESS. This system is expected to greatly contribute to the further development and wider acceptance of LESS.
Analysis and Modeling of a Pneumatic Servo System Based on Backstepping Design
Authors: Lu Chia-Hua , Hwang Yean-Ren , Shen Yu-Ta , Wang Tzu-Yu 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Air motors have often been utilized in industrial servo systems in the automation industry due to their advantages such as small volume, low cost, light weight, convenience of operation, and no overheating problems. Recently, the development of control technology has improved, making the requirements for control precision higher than ever before. Accurate control performance in pneumatic systems is facilitated by the implementation of nonlinear control techniques. The purpose of this study is to analyze the behavior of a biaxial pneumatic table motion system with a vane-type air motor, and to design a backstepping sliding mode controller for this system. A proportional integral derivative controller compared with this new backstepping design. The tracking circle error and tracking error of the two axes are noted. The experimental results show that accurate tracking circle trajectory performance can be achieved with the proposed controller.
Daphnia magna, a Host for Evaluation of Bacterial Virulence
Authors: Le Coadic Marion , Simon Marianne , Marchetti Anna , Ebert Dieter , Cosson Pierre 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

We show that
Daphnia magna
can be used to assess acute virulence of pathogens relevant to human health, such as
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
or
Photorhabdus asymbiotica
. Analysis of bacterial mutants suggests that
P. aeruginosa
uses similar mechanisms to infect
Daphnia
and other hosts.
Distinct Roles of β-Galactosidase Paralogues of the Rumen Bacterium Mannheimia succiniciproducens
Authors: Lee Eun-Gyeong , Kim Seonghun , Oh Doo-Byoung , Lee Sang Yup , Kwon Ohsuk 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

Mannheimia succiniciproducens
, a rumen bacterium belonging to the family
Pasteurellaceae
, has two putative β-galactosidase genes,
bgaA
and
bgaB
, encoding polypeptides whose deduced amino acid sequences share 56% identity with each other and show approximately 30% identity to the
Escherichia coli
gene for LacZ. The
M. succiniciproducens bgaA
(
MsbgaA
) gene-deletion mutant was not able to grow on lactose as the sole carbon source, suggesting its essential role in lactose metabolism, whereas the
MsbgaB
gene-deletion mutant did not show any growth defect on a lactose medium. Furthermore, the expression of the
MsbgaA
gene was induced by the addition of lactose in the growth medium, whereas the
MsbgaB
gene was constitutively expressed independently of a carbon source. Biochemical characterization of the recombinant proteins revealed that MsBgaA is more efficient than MsBgaB in hydrolyzing
o
-nitrophenyl-β-
d
-galactopyranoside and
p
-nitrophenyl-β-
d
-galactopyranoside. MsBgaA was highly specific for the hydrolysis of lactose, with a catalytic efficiency of 46.9 s
−1
mM
−1
. However, MsBgaB was more efficient for the hydrolysis of lactulose than lactose, and the catalytic efficiency was 10.0 s
−1
mM
−1
. Taken together, our results suggest that the β-galactosidase paralogues of
M. succiniciproducens
BgaA and BgaB play a critical role in lactose metabolism and in an unknown but likely specific function for rumen bacteria, respectively.
Deletion of σ
54
(
rpoN
) Alters the Rate of Autolysis and Biofilm Formation in Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Iyer Vijayalakshmi S. , Hancock Lynn E. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

Transcription initiation is a critical step in bacterial gene regulation and is often controlled by transcription regulators. The alternate sigma factor (σ
54
) is one such regulator that facilitates activator-dependent transcription initiation and thus modulates the expression of a variety of genes involved in metabolism and pathogenesis in bacteria. This study describes the role of σ
54
in the nosocomial pathogen
Enterococcus faecalis
. Biofilm formation is one of the important pathogenic mechanisms of
E. faecalis
, as it elevates the organism's potential to cause surgical site and urinary tract infections. Lysis of bacterial cells within the population contributes to biofilm formation by providing extracellular DNA (eDNA) as a key component of the biofilm matrix. Deletion of
rpoN
rendered
E. faecalis
resistant to autolysis, which in turn impaired eDNA release. Despite the significant reduction in eDNA levels compared to the parental strain, the
rpoN
mutant formed more robust biofilms as observed using laser scanning confocal microscopy and Comstat analysis, indicating and emphasizing the presence of other matrix components. Initial adherence to a polystyrene surface was also enhanced in the mutant. Proteinase K treatment at early stages of biofilm development significantly reduced the accumulation of biofilm by the
rpoN
mutant. In conclusion, our data indicate that other factors in addition to eDNA might contribute to the overall composition of the enterococcal biofilm and that the regulatory role of σ
54
governs the nature and composition of the biofilm matrix.
Human Mycobacterium bovis Infections in London and Southeast England
Authors: Stone M. J. , Brown T. J. , Drobniewski F. A. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

Variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR) and spoligotyping analyses were used to assess transmission of
Mycobacterium bovis
between humans. VNTR was more discriminatory than spoligotyping. Low case numbers, despite a substantial animal reservoir, and resolution of all isolates provided no evidence of recent human-to-human transmission or recent significant infection from animals.
Effect of combined occupational exposure to noise and organic solvents on hearing
Authors: Metwally Fateheya Mohamed , Aziz Hisham Mohamed , Mahdy-Abdallah Heba , ElGelil Khaled Said Abd , El-Tahlawy Eman M 
Published: November 2011

Noise exposure has been commonly regarded as the main hazard of occupational hearing loss. Recent studies indicate that several chemicals, including organic solvents have ototoxic effects. This study aimed at evaluating the hearing of workers exposed to both noise and a mixture of organic solvents at concentrations anticipated as safe. The study comprised three groups. The first one included 70 workers exposed to noise only, the second group consisted of 93 workers exposed to organic solvents and noise, and the control group included 59 individuals exposed to neither noise nor organic solvents. The three groups were matched for age, socioeconomic status, and smoking habit. The results of this study revealed that there was no statistically significant difference between the two exposed groups as regards the duration of exposure. There was a highly statistically significant difference between the two exposed groups as regards the different types of hearing loss (conductive deafness, sensory neural hearing loss, and mixed type) compared with the control one. Our study reported that sensory neural hearing loss occurred earlier in subjects with combined exposure to noise and solvents at a mean duration of exposure (16.38 ± 9.44 years) compared to (24.53 ± 9.59 years) the subjects with sole exposure to noise. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant regarding this type of hearing impairment ( p < 0.05). There was a positive significant correlation between hearing impairment and duration of exposure in the two exposed groups. As regards the results of the environmental monitoring, both noise exposure levels (dB) and levels of different organic solvents measured (mg/m3) in different work departments were less than the levels recommended by Egyptian Environmental Law No. 4 for 1994. It is recommended that in the case of combined exposure, noise and solvent levels should be lowered than the permissible limits recommended for either alone.
Absolute determination of the orientational order quality in a columnar discotic liquid crystal
Authors: Ndao M. , Lefort R. , Huber P. , Zanotti J.-M. , Frick B. , Schoenhals A. , Morineau D. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTSimple NMR techniques can provide an absolute quantification of the quality of the orientational order of discotic columnar phases, provided the anisotropic local magnetic interactions are thoroughly characterized. For the prototypical discotic liquid crystal hexapentoxy-triphenylene, we measure the 13C chemical shift anisotropy of the triphenylene carbons, and use this result to analyze the orientational order, that occurs through a first order phase transition from the high temperature liquid phase, and is almost saturated (order parameter close to 0.85).
The Electronic Muse: The Council of Editors of Learned Journals Keynote Addresses, MLA Convention 2001
Authors: Harrison Patrick , Lancashire Ian , Cornett Michael 
Published: November 2011

Picking up with CELJ's MLA 2000 topic on ways that the digital world is changing, and often guiding, copyright law and fair use in scholarly publishing (see JSP, April 2002), the Council of Editors of Learned Journals asked its keynote speakers for the 2001 MLA Convention to address two different faces of the ‘electronic muse.’ Patrick Harrison, who brings an expertise in law to concerns about the ramifications of the recent New York Times v. Tasini case on publishing electronic databases, discovers that at heart in the issue of copyright protection is the very definition of revision, which surprisingly has never been discussed in prior case law. What constitutes an electronic revision of a collective work such as a newspaper, magazine, or journal, and therefore a legitimate republication, according to copyright law, in electronic form such as a for-profit database? The Supreme Court came down on the side of protecting individual authors: the publication in an electronic database of a work originally appearing in a print journal or other collective work is not a revision but a new work. In stressing a text as material property at the centre of competing claims of ownership, this decision leaves open to question the status of a text's intellectual or creative relation to its community and to the common good. Ian Lancashire, a professor of poetry, has nimbly side-stepped the nettles of Net law in offering poetry for free to the world through an anthology of online poetry. His Representative Poetry Online (RPO) features over 2,500 English poems by 403 poets, nearly all in the public domain. Indeed, it is the public nature of this project, its conception of poetry and its study as a collaborative enterprise between scholarly editor and common reader, that safeguards its haven in the electronic world. This e-anthology challenges the concept of a poetic text as the product of individual genius whose access need be regulated by an elite class of academic professionals. Representative Poetry Online instead perpetuates the ‘representative’ life of poetry as belonging to the world. Existing online, this poetry is able to enter the very material lives of its readers.
Plagiarism, Publishing, and the Academy
Authors: Harms Dan 
Published: November 2011

While plagiarism claims have skyrocketed, the response within academia to scandals among its members has remained ambivalent. While most people are willing to proclaim plagiarism as a serious offence, our actions when confronted with cases among our colleagues often vary considerably. While this has been going on, mergers, tough financial times, and the growing quest for short-term bestsellers have transformed the publishing world, both on a broader scale and within academic publishing in particular. This has created a situation in which the goals of publishers and those of academia with regard to intellectual dishonesty have diverged considerably. Several recent examples are described in which misunderstandings have developed regarding the role publishers play in maintaining scholarly integrity. The author also describes his own experience, in which a publishing company chose an explanation geared more toward its own interests than to that of scholars when handling a report of plagiarism. Calling attention to these events should not be perceived as demonizing publishers and blaming them for misconduct. Rather, uncertainty within the academy makes it easy for those outside it to render academic judgements irrelevant and to set their own policy. Instead, academics should begin a candid discussion on the importance of maintaining or altering plagiarism rules in order to have a stronger and more unified voice capable of more influence on outside parties, whether students, corporations, or media. Note: No information will be given regarding the identity of the publishing company or the author involved in the incident mentioned.
Sustaining the development and implementation of student‐centered teaching nationally: The importance of a community of practice
Authors: Murray Tracey Arnold , Higgins Pamela , Minderhout Vicky , Loertscher Jennifer 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAlthough the idea of using a workshop to educate potential users about a set of materials or techniques is not new, the workshops described here go beyond simple dissemination and create ongoing communities of practice that support widespread and sustained improvement in the biochemistry classroom. The degree to which pedagogical innovations improve student learning on a national level depends on how broadly they are disseminated and how they are implemented and sustained. Workshops can be effective in disseminating ideas and techniques, but they often fail to sustain implementation. This paper describes Core Collaborators Workshops (CCWs) that were specifically designed for biochemistry faculty to improve the quality of active learning materials, support faculty in transforming their classrooms, and disseminate these efforts nationally. This CCW model proved very effective to date as shown by the fact that, 8 months after the last CCW, all workshop participants reported using at least some of the instructional materials discussed during the workshop. In addition, participants remarked that the superior community building and direct mentoring available through the CCWs greatly increased their confidence in implementing this new curricular approach and has made them more likely to act as leaders themselves. BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EDUCATION Vol. 39, No. 6, pp. 405–411, 2011
ChemInform Abstract: Tetrathiafulvalene as a Trigger for Sequential Radical Translocation and Functionalisation.
Authors: BEGLEY M. J. , MURPHY J. A. , ROOME S. J. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of 2‐Hydroxyacetophenone with Phenylacetyl Chloride: A Reinvestigation.
Authors: JAIN N. , DEVI N. , KRISHNAMURTY H. G. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.