bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Penta‐1,2,3,4,6‐O‐galloyl‐beta‐D‐glucose induces senescence‐like terminal S‐phase arrest in human hepatoma and breast cancer cells
Authors: Yin Shutao , Dong Yinhui , Li Jinhua , Lü Junxuan , Hu Hongbo 
Published: February 2011

AbstractSenescence is a permanent growth arrest and has been implicated as an efficient anti‐carcinogenesis mechanism. The purpose of this study was designed to test the hypothesis that penta‐1,2,3,4,6‐O‐galloyl‐beta‐D‐glucose (PGG), a naturally occurring polyphonolic gallotannin compound, might induce this type of permanent growth arrest in cancer cells. Our results show, for the first time, that PGG‐induced senescence‐like S‐phase arrest in HepG2, Huh‐7 human hepatoma cells, and SKBr3 human breast cancer cells at sublethal doses, judged by cellular morphological changes, increased senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase (SA‐β‐gal) activity, together with loss of proliferative capacity after being released from the treatment. This senescence‐like response was mediated by intracellular ROS generation, but was not attributed to p53 Ser15 phosphorylative activation and was uncoupled from the p21cip1 axis, which has been shown to mediate Pten loss‐induced cellular senescence or oncogene‐driven senescence. The findings of the present study implicate a novel mechanism of PGG action to induce an atypical cellular senescence, adding to its promise as a potential chemopreventive agent. ©2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impulsivity and compulsivity in drug‐naïve patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Antonini Angelo , Siri Chiara , Santangelo Gabriella , Cilia Roberto , Poletti Michele , Canesi Margherita , Caporali Alessandra , Mancini Francesca , Pezzoli Gianni , Ceravolo Roberto , Bonuccelli Ubaldo , Barone Paolo 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackground:Abnormal repetitive behaviors have been reported in Parkinson's disease (PD) during dopamine replacement therapy (DRT) and associated with individual predisposing features, including impulsivity. However, impulsivity and compulsive symptoms have never been explored in PD patients before initiation of DRT. We previously reported a 20% of impulse control disorders (ICD) in an Italian cohort.Methods:103 consecutive newly diagnosed drug‐naïve PD patients (means: age = 60.5 ± 9.2 years; duration = 15.4 ± 15.3 months) were screened for compulsive sexual behavior, compulsive buying, intermittent explosive disorder (Minnesota Impulsive Disorders Interview, MIDI), and pathological gambling (South Oaks Gambling Screen, SOGS). Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS‐11) and Maudsley Obsessional‐Compulsive Questionnaire (MOCQ/R) assessed impulsivity, obsessive‐compulsive symptoms, respectively. Depression (GDS‐15) and general cognitive status were additionally assessed. We also compared ICDs frequency with our healthy controls.Results:17.5% of PD patients screened positive for at least one ICD at MIDI (17/103) and SOGS (1/103), though none had a disorder based on DSM‐IV criteria. These frequencies were similar to healthy controls. There was a trend toward higher scores in BIS‐11 attentive‐impulsivity subscale (15.2 ± 4.8 vs. 18.7 ± 4.9; P = 0.007) and in MOCQ/R‐Doubting subscale (0.67 ± 1.1 vs. 1.5 ± 1.2; P = 0.007) in PD with ICD. We also observed a positive correlation between GDS‐15 and BIS‐11.Conclusions:Similar to our healthy control population, we found a significant proportion of early PD patients positive for ICDs before starting treatment. We also found a relationship between impulsivity and depression. A detailed behavioral assessment before starting dopaminergic therapy is recommended. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Cortically evoked responses of human pallidal neurons recorded during stereotactic neurosurgery
Authors: Nishibayashi Hiroki , Ogura Mitsuhiro , Kakishita Koji , Tanaka Satoshi , Tachibana Yoshihisa , Nambu Atsushi , Kita Hitoshi , Itakura Toru 
Published: February 2011

AbstractResponses of neurons in the globus pallidus (GP) to cortical stimulation were recorded for the first time in humans. We performed microelectrode recordings of GP neurons in 10 Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and 1 cervical dystonia (CD) patient during surgeries to implant bilateral deep brain stimulation electrodes in the GP. To identify the motor territories in the external (GPe) and internal (GPi) segments of the GP, unitary responses evoked by stimulation of the primary motor cortex were observed by constructing peristimulus time histograms. Neurons in the motor territories of the GPe and GPi responded to cortical stimulation. Response patterns observed in the PD patients were combinations of an early excitation, an inhibition, and a late excitation. In addition, in the CD patient, a long‐lasting inhibition was prominent, suggesting increased activity along the cortico‐striato‐GPe/GPi pathways. The firing rates of GPe and GPi neurons in the CD patient were lower than those in the PD patients. Many GPe and GPi neurons of the PD and CD patients showed burst or oscillatory burst activity. Effective cathodal contacts tended to be located close to the responding neurons. Such unitary responses induced by cortical stimulation may be of use to target motor territories of the GP for stereotactic functional neurosurgery. Future findings utilizing this method may give us new insights into understanding the pathophysiology of movement disorders. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Symptomatology and markers of anxiety disorders in Parkinson's disease: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Leentjens Albert F. G. , Dujardin Kathy , Marsh Laura , Martinez‐Martin Pablo , Richard Irene H. , Starkstein Sergio E. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAnxiety is understudied in Parkinson's disease (PD), which is not justified by the prevalence and impact of anxiety disorders on quality of life in PD patients. In this cross‐sectional study, 342 patients suffering from idiopathic PD underwent a research‐based assessment including DSM IV criteria for anxiety disorders, the Hamilton anxiety rating scale (HARS) and the beck anxiety inventory (BAI).Thirty‐four percent (34%) of subjects met the DSM IV criteria for at least one anxiety disorder; 11.8% met criteria for multiple anxiety disorders; and 11.4% had clinically relevant anxiety symptoms without meeting the criteria for any specific anxiety disorder. Score profiles on the HARS and BAI differed significantly between the disorders, but these differences were associated with different scores on a limited number of items, and the respective symptom profiles were not readily interpretable. Female sex, the presence of motor fluctuations, as well as a previous history of an anxiety disorder were markers for anxiety disorders. The use of a mono‐amino oxidase (MAO)‐B inhibitor was associated with a reduced prevalence of anxiety disorders.Research into anxiety in PD is hampered by the questionable validity of DSM IV defined anxiety disorders in this population. A first focus for research should therefore be the identification of clinically useful anxiety presentations and their validation in PD. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
On doing nothing: Descriptions of sleep, fatigue, and motivation in encephalitis lethargica
Authors: Ward Christopher D. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractEpidemics of encephalitis lethargica (EL), from 1917 to the 1930s, are an important milestone in the history of movement disorders. Today, the two best‐known features of EL are somnolence and parkinsonism but the full clinical picture was variable and complex. States of wakeful inactivity—as opposed to drowsiness—were often described both in the acute and postacute stages and were referred to in the EL literature as “lethargy” or “torpor.” The study described here is based on a survey of clinical descriptions published in English, French, and German from 1917 to 1942. Its focus is on the history of clinical ideas, rather than applying modern pathophysiological concepts retrospectively. Descriptions of lethargy are explored as a way of elucidating concepts of sleep, fatigue, and motivation during the study period.The literature described many patients who had (1) lethargy without interruption in consciousness; (2) slowness of movement and catalepsy without other prominent parkinsonian features; and (3) apathy and lack of initiative without severe disorders of mood or thought content. Hence observers distinguished a state of wakeful inactivity from primary disorders of sleep, movement and behavior.Contemporaneous accounts suggest that writers had difficulty in reconciling their observations with preexisting concepts; there still may be limitations in our ability to describe and classify the clinical states connected during the epidemic era with the term “lethargy.” © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Long‐term clinical outcome in meige syndrome treated with internal pallidum deep brain stimulation
Authors: Reese René , Gruber Doreen , Schoenecker Thomas , Bäzner Hansjörg , Blahak Christian , Capelle H. Holger , Falk Daniela , Herzog Jan , Pinsker Marcus O. , Schneider Gerd H. , Schrader Christoph , Deuschl Günther , Mehdorn Günther M. , Kupsch Andreas , Volkmann Jens , Krauss Joachim K. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractDeep brain stimulation of the globus pallidus internus (GPi DBS) is effective in the treatment of primary segmental and generalized dystonia. Although limb, neck, or truncal dystonia are markedly improved, orofacial dystonia is ameliorated to a lesser extent. Nevertheless, several case reports and small cohort studies have described favorable short‐term results of GPi DBS in patients with severe Meige syndrome. Here, we extend this preliminary experience by reporting long‐term outcome in a multicenter case series, following 12 patients (6 women, 6 men) with Meige syndrome for up to 78 months after bilateral GPi DBS. We retrospectively assessed dystonia severity based on preoperative and postoperative video documentation. Mean age of patients at surgery was 64.5 ± 4.4 years, and mean disease duration 8.3 ± 4.4 years. Dystonia severity as assessed by the Burke–Fahn–Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale showed a mean improvement of 45% at short‐term follow‐up (4.4 ± 1.5 months; P < 0.001) and of 53% at long‐term follow‐up (38.8 ± 21.7 months; P < 0.001). Subscores for eyes were improved by 38% (P = 0.004) and 47% (P < 0.001), for mouth by 50% (P < 0.001) and 56% (P < 0.001), and for speech/swallowing by 44% (P = 0.058) and 64% (P = 0.004). Mean improvements were 25% (P = 0.006) and 38% (P < 0.001) on the Blepharospasm Movement Scale and 44% (P < 0.001) and 49% (P < 0.001) on the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale. This series, which is the first to demonstrate a long‐term follow‐up in a large number of patients, shows that GPi DBS is a safe and highly effective therapy for Meige syndrome. The benefit is preserved for up to 6 years. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Substantia nigra hyperechogenicity with LRRK2 G2019S mutations
Authors: Brüggemann Norbert , Hagenah Johann , Stanley Kaili , Klein Christine , Wang Cuiling , Raymond Deborah , Ozelius Laurie , Bressman Susan , Saunders‐Pullman Rachel 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackground:Transcranial sonography (TCS) area of hyperechogenicity in the substantia nigra (aSN) is increased in idiopathic and genetic Parkinson's disease (PD).Methods:We performed TCS in 34 LRRK2 G2019S mutation carriers manifesting PD, 24 non‐manifesting mutation carriers, and 28 idiopathic PD patients and compared them with 40 healthy controls (total, n = 126).Results:Compared with the controls (mean 0.15 cm2), the aSN values in all other groups were increased. The mean aSN was 0.23 cm2 in nonmanifesting mutation carriers (P = .015), 0.34 cm2 in idiopathic PD patients (P < .0001), 0.32 cm2 in LRRK2‐associated PD patients (P < .0001), and 0.33 cm2 in the overall PD group (P < .0001). LRRK2‐associated PD patients had a higher aSN than did nonmanifesting carriers (P = .011), but there was no significant difference in aSN between patients with idiopathic and LRRK2‐associated PD (P = .439).Conclusions:Our results suggest that SN pathoanatomical alterations may not be substantially different between idiopathic and LRRK2‐associated PD. The findings in the nonmanifesting mutation carriers suggest the presence of intermediate nigrostriatal pathology consistent with the age‐dependent reduced penetrance of this mutation. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Dynamic flaps in HIV‐1 protease adopt unique ordering at different stages in the catalytic cycle
Authors: Karthik Suresh , Senapati Sanjib 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe flexibility of HIV‐1 protease flaps is known to be essential for the enzymatic activity. Here we attempt to capture a multitude of conformations of the free and substrate‐bound HIV‐1 protease that differ drastically in their flap arrangements. The substrate binding process suggests the opening of active site gate in conjunction with a reversal of flap tip ordering, from the native semiopen state. The reversed‐flap, open‐gated enzyme readily transforms to a closed conformation after proper placement of the substrate into the binding cleft. After substrate processing, the closed state protease which possessed opposite flap ordering relative to the semiopen state, encounters another flap reversal via a second open conformation that facilitates the evolution of native semiopen state of correct flap ordering. The complicated transitional pathway, comprising of many high and low energy states, is explored by combining standard and activated molecular dynamics (MD) simulation techniques. The study not only complements the existing findings from X‐ray, NMR, EPR, and MD studies but also provides a wealth of detailed information that could help the structure‐based drug design process. Proteins 2011; © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Integrating the intrinsic conformational preferences of noncoded α‐amino acids modified at the peptide bond into the noncoded amino acids database
Authors: Revilla‐López Guillem , Rodríguez‐Ropero Francisco , Curcó David , Torras Juan , Isabel Calaza M. , Zanuy David , Jiménez Ana I. , Cativiela Carlos , Nussinov Ruth , Alemán Carlos 
Published: February 2011

AbstractRecently, we reported a database (Noncoded Amino acids Database; http://recerca.upc.edu/imem/index.htm) that was built to compile information about the intrinsic conformational preferences of nonproteinogenic residues determined by quantum mechanical calculations, as well as bibliographic information about their synthesis, physical and spectroscopic characterization, the experimentally established conformational propensities, and applications (Revilla‐López et al., J Phys Chem B 2010;114:7413–7422). The database initially contained the information available for α‐tetrasubstituted α‐amino acids. In this work, we extend NCAD to three families of compounds, which can be used to engineer peptides and proteins incorporating modifications at the –NHCO– peptide bond. Such families are: N‐substituted α‐amino acids, thio‐α‐amino acids, and diamines and diacids used to build retropeptides. The conformational preferences of these compounds have been analyzed and described based on the information captured in the database. In addition, we provide an example of the utility of the database and of the compounds it compiles in protein and peptide engineering. Specifically, the symmetry of a sequence engineered to stabilize the 310‐helix with respect to the α‐helix has been broken without perturbing significantly the secondary structure through targeted replacements using the information contained in the database. Proteins 2011; © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Swapping the domains of exoribonucleases RNase II and RNase R: Conferring upon RNase II the ability to degrade ds RNA
Authors: Matos Rute Gonçalves , Barbas Ana , Gómez‐Puertas Paulino , Arraiano Cecília Maria 
Published: February 2011

AbstractRNase II and RNase R are the two E. coli exoribonucleases that belong to the RNase II super family of enzymes. They degrade RNA hydrolytically in the 3′ to 5′ direction in a processive and sequence independent manner. However, while RNase R is capable of degrading structured RNAs, the RNase II activity is impaired by dsRNAs. The final end‐product of these two enzymes is also different, being 4 nt for RNase II and 2 nt for RNase R. RNase II and RNase R share structural properties, including 60% of amino acid sequence similarity and have a similar modular domain organization: two N‐terminal cold shock domains (CSD1 and CSD2), one central RNB catalytic domain, and one C‐terminal S1 domain. We have constructed hybrid proteins by swapping the domains between RNase II and RNase R to determine which are the responsible for the differences observed between RNase R and RNase II. The results obtained show that the S1 and RNB domains from RNase R in an RNase II context allow the degradation of double‐stranded substrates and the appearance of the 2 nt long end‐product. Moreover, the degradation of structured RNAs becomes tail‐independent when the RNB domain from RNase R is no longer associated with the RNA binding domains (CSD and S1) of the genuine protein. Finally, we show that the RNase R C‐terminal Lysine‐rich region is involved in the degradation of double‐stranded substrates in an RNase II context, probably by unwinding the substrate before it enters into the catalytic cavity. Proteins 2011; © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cdk6-Dependent Regulation of G1 Length Controls Adult Neurogenesis
Authors: Beukelaers Pierre , Vandenbosch Renaud , Caron Nicolas , Nguyen Laurent , Belachew Shibeshih , Moonen Gustave , Kiyokawa Hiroaki , Barbacid Mariano , Santamaria David , Malgrange Brigitte 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
The presence of neurogenic precursors in the adult mammalian brain is now widely accepted, but the mechanisms coupling their proliferation with the onset of neuronal differentiation remain unknown. Here, we unravel the major contribution of the G1 regulator cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (Cdk6) to adult neurogenesis. We found that Cdk6 was essential for cell proliferation within the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles. Specifically, Cdk6 deficiency prevents the expansion of neuronally committed precursors by lengthening G1 phase duration, reducing concomitantly the production of newborn neurons. Altogether, our data support G1 length as an essential regulator of the switch between proliferation and neuronal differentiation in the adult brain and Cdk6 as one intrinsic key molecular regulator of this process.
Concise Review: Stem Cells for the Treatment of Cerebellar-Related Disorders
Authors: Erceg Slaven , Moreno-Manzano Victoria , Garita-Hernandez Marcela , Stojkovic Miodrag , Bhattacharya Shomi S. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Embryonic neural transplants have become clinically relevant over the past 25 years for their possible application in the treatment of cerebellum-related neurodegenerative diseases. While highlighting the important role that fetal neural progenitors have in meeting these challenges, we define rationales for all types of cell therapy involving adult stem cells as well as human embryonic stem cells (hESC) and human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. The recent advances in the field of hESC and iPS cells, including their capacity for differentiation toward regional specific neural lineages, could open a new era of transplantation in cell-based therapy for cerebellar ataxias.
Evaluation of Current Devices in Single‐Incision Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery: A Preliminary Experience in 32 Consecutive Cases
Authors: Chew Min‐Hoe , Wong Mark Te‐Ching , Lim Bernard Yon‐Kuei , Ng Kheng‐Hong , Eu Kong‐Weng 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackgroundSingle‐incision laparoscopic colorectal surgery (SILS) suggests a promising alternative to conventional laparoscopic surgery. In this report we describe our initial experience with SILS for both right hemicolectomies and anterior resections.MethodsBetween June 2009 and May 2010, SILS was performed for 32 consecutive cases with benign and malignant pathology. Demographic data, intraoperative parameters, postoperative data, and pathologic data were assessed.ResultsTwenty‐one SILS right hemicolectomies, ten ARs, and one abdominal perineal resection (APR) were performed. For SILS right hemicolectomies, one case required full “conversion” to a laparoscopic procedure. The median operating time was 85 min (range 45–150 min) and the median wound length was 5.0 cm (range 3.0–10.0 cm). Median number of lymph nodes extracted in malignant cases was 17(range 10–30) and the overall median length of stay was 6 days (range 5–11). For left‐sided lesions, ten cases of ARs (7 high ARs, 2 low ARs, 1 ultralow AR) and one APR were performed. Three cases were completed successfully via the SILS procedure, four cases required one additional port, and four cases required full “conversion” to a laparoscopic procedure. The median operating time was 120 min (range 65–235 min) and the median wound length was 5.0 cm (range 3.0–7.0 cm). Overall median length of stay was also 6 days (range 5–21). There was one case of anastomotic leak and one case of postoperative bleeding.ConclusionIn our experience, SILS for right hemicolectomies is safe and effective with reproducible oncologic results. SILS AR, however, requires greater modifications in current devices and techniques. SILS AR can be performed for both malignant and benign diseases but additional ports may be necessary for the safe completion of the procedure.
Controlled Tissue Expansion in the Initial Management of the Short Bowel State
Authors: Murphy F. , Khalil B. A. , Gozzini S. , King B. , Bianchi A. , Morabito A. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe treatment of short gut syndrome has evolved dramatically during the past decade. The combination of surgical techniques and medical management in the context of a multidisciplinary approach has improved the outcomes of these children. The authors describe in detail their technique of controlled tissue expansion of the bowel before lengthening procedures. Monitoring of the child and troubleshooting actions during the controlled tissue expansion program also are discussed.
The Development of Flow‐through Bio‐Catalyst Microreactors from Silica Micro Structured Fibers for Lipid Transformations
Authors: Tuan Anuar Sabiqah , Villegas Carla , Mugo Samuel M. , Curtis Jonathan M. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis study demonstrates the utility of a flow‐through enzyme immobilized silica microreactor for lipid transformations. A silica micro structured fiber (MSF) consisting of 168 channels of internal diameter 4–5 μm provided a large surface area for the covalent immobilization of Candida antartica lipase. The specific activity of the immobilized lipase was determined by hydrolysis of p‐nitrophenyl butyrate and calculated to be 0.81 U/mg. The catalytic performance of the lipase microreactor was demonstrated by the efficient ethanolysis of canola oil. The parameters affecting the performance of the MSF microreactor, including temperature and reaction flow rate, were investigated. Characterization of the lipid products exiting the microreactor was performed by non‐aqueous reversed‐phased liquid chromatography (NARP‐LC) with evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) and by comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC). Under optimized conditions of 1 μL/min flow rate of 5 mg/mL trioleoylglycerol (TO) in ethanol and 50 °C reaction temperature, 2‐monooleoylglycerol was the main product at >90% reaction yield. The regioselectivity of the Candida antartica lipase immobilized MSF microreactor in the presence of ethanol was found to be comparable to that obtained under conventional conditions. The ability of these reusable flow‐through microreactors to regioselectively form monoacylglycerides in high yield from triacylglycerides demonstrate their potential use in small‐scale lipid transformations or analytical lipids profiling.