bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of dietary intake of dairy products on dysmenorrhea
Authors: Abdul‐Razzak Khalid K. , Ayoub Nehad M. , Abu‐Taleb Ahmed A. , Obeidat Bayan A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAim:  To determine the frequency of dysmenorrhea and its associated symptoms amongst a number of adolescent female students and to investigate the possible association between daily dairy product intake and dysmenorrhea.Methods:  A self‐assessment questionnaire was completed by 127 female university students aged between 19 and 24 years. Participants gave information that included demographics, the nature, type, and severity of pain associated with menstruation if any, management used to relieve dysmenorrhea, associated symptoms, and a general assessment of dietary intake of dairy products.Results:  The prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea in the population studied was 87.4% with the majority of the participants' pain symptoms beginning a few days before and continuing through the first two days of menstruation. Forty‐six percent of students were found to have severe dysmenorrhea. Abdominal bloating was the most frequently expressed symptom associated with dysmenorrhea amongst the population studied. Dysmenorrhea and associated symptoms were found in significantly fewer female students who consumed three or four servings of dairy products per day as compared to participants who consumed no dairy products.Conclusion:  Primary dysmenorrhea is common in young women. This study helps us to better understand the relationship between low dietary intake of dairy products and the risk of dysmenorrhea.
Proliferation suppression and apoptosis of ovarian carcinoma cells induced by small interfering RNA against vascular endothelial growth factor
Authors: Zhou Jianwei , Gan Ningyue , Zhang Weijiang , Lu Weiguo , Xie Xing 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAim:  The aim of this study was to investigate whether RNA interference (RNAi) targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) could inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of ovarian carcinoma cells.Methods:  Human epithelial ovarian carcinoma cell line CaoV3 was transfected with VEGF‐targeted small interfering RNA (siRNA) for 48 h. The down‐regulation of VEGF expression was determined by real‐time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. The proliferation of CaoV3 cells was detected by a colorimetric BrdU assay. Caspase‐3 activity and TUNEL assay were also detected to study the apoptosis of ovarian carcinoma cells induced by VEGF siRNA. The protein levels of survivin, MMP2 and MMP9 were measured by Western blot.Results:  mRNA and protein of VEGF were significantly down‐regulated by VEGF siRNA. Down‐regulation of VEGF expression dramatically suppressed the proliferation of CaoV3 cells, and increased the Caspase‐3 activity. Nearly 100% of cells indicated TUNEL‐positive. The expression of anti‐apoptotic protein survivin was decreased, and the invasive related protein MMP2 and MMP9 were also significantly reduced by VEGF siRNA.Conclusion:  Our study implied that siRNA targeting VEGF could effectively inhibit cell proliferation, induce cell apoptosis, and decrease the cell invasive potential. These findings suggest that the RNAi approach targeting VEGF may be an effective therapeutic strategy for ovarian cancer.
Phylogenetic relationships within Nephtyidae (Polychaeta, Annelida)
Authors: Ravara Ascensão , Wiklund Helena , Cunha Marina R. , Pleijel Fredrik 
Published: March 2010

Ravara, A., Wiklund, H., Cunha, M. R. & Pleijel, F. (2010). Phylogenetic relationships within Nephtyidae (Polychaeta, Annelida). —Zoologica Scripta, 39, 394–405.We present the first phylogeny of nephtyids, a common, soft‐bottom living polychaete family comprising five genera and over 100 species. Characters used to distinguish nephtyid genera are a matter of controversy and considerable confusion remains as to the generic delineations. The phylogeny is estimated with molecular data from the mitochondrial genes cytochrome oxidase I and 16S rDNA, the nuclear genes 18S rDNA and 28S rDNA and morphological data. The results reveal two well‐supported major clades, corresponding in part to the two main genera of the family, Aglaophamus and Nephtys. The species Nephtys pulchra and Nephtys australiensis are transferred to Aglaophamus, and new diagnoses for the genera are provided. Dentinephtys is synonymized with Nephtys, and Nephtys cornuta is sister to the remaining nephtyids and is referred to the new genus Bipalponephtys, together with Nephtys danida and Micronephthys neotena. Micronephthys is sister to Nephtys and Inermonephtys is of uncertain position.
Arion transsylvanus(Mollusca, Pulmonata, Arionidae): rediscovery of a cryptic species
Authors: Jordaens Kurt , Pinceel Jan , Van Houtte Natalie , Breugelmans Karin , Backeljau Thierry 
Published: March 2010

Jordaens, K., Pinceel, J., Van Houtte, N., Breugelmans, K. & Backeljau, T. (2010).Arion transsylvanus(Mollusca, Pulmonata, Arionidae): rediscovery of a cryptic species. —Zoologica Scripta,39, 343–362.Cryptic species are abundant among invertebrates and are often hard to recognise. Molecular markers are an extremely useful tool to delineate cryptic taxa, although they should be applied with caution because different genes and techniques may yield different outcomes. We illustrate how cross‐validation by molecular and morphological data can be applied to optimise taxonomic interpretations when cryptic species are involved. This is performed for the terrestrial slugArion subfuscusspecies complex which represents a historical ‘taxonomic garbage can’. Gonad morphology, allozymes and mtDNA data consistently showed that slugs from Romania and a location in E Poland represent a strongly differentiated taxon within this complex. These slugs are therefore formally redescribed and assigned toA. transsylvanusSimroth 1885; a forgotten nominal taxon from Transylvania. Diagnostic characters, including DNA sequences for the mitochondrial 16S rDNA are presented. Animals with the morphology ofA. brunneusLehmann 1862, a nominal taxon which has also been reported from Romania, have the gonad type, allozyme alleles and 16S rDNA haplotypes of eitherA. fuscus,A. subfuscusorA. transsylvanus. Therefore,A. brunneusis regarded as a colour morph shared by several species and hence,A. transsylvanusis probably the onlyA. subfuscus‐like species in the Romanian Carpathians.
Effects of combined erythropoietin and epidermal growth factor on renal ischaemia/reperfusion injury: a randomized experimental controlled study
Authors: Hussein Abd El‐Aziz M. , Shokeir Ahmed A. , Sarhan Mohammed E. , El‐Menabawy Fayza R. , Abd‐Elmoneim Hanaa A. , El‐Nashar Eman M. , Barakat Nashwa M. 
Published: March 2010

What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? It is well known that erythropoietin (EPO) ameliorates the renal injury induced by ischemia or toxins such as cisplatin and radiocontrast media. Also, epidermal growth factor (EGF) exerts a prophylactic nephroprotective effect against the deleterious consequences of the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Nevertheless, the combined effect of both drugs remains to be further investigated.This study examined the protective effects of EPO and EGF alone and in combination against renal I/R injury and showed that EPO alone was more powerful than EGF alone and the combination of both drugs was more protective than each agent alone.OBJECTIVETo investigate effects of combination of erythropoietin (EPO) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) on renal ischaemia and on reactive oxygen species in a rat model.MATERIALS AND METHODSIn all, 90 male Sprague‐Dawley rats were allocated into five groups of 18, designated: Sham; treated with right nephrectomy only; Control, subjected to left renal ischaemia for 45 min with no treatment; EPO‐treated, as the control but with EPO pretreatment; EGF‐treated, as the control but with EGF pretreatment; EPO + EGF‐treated, as the control but with EPO and EGF pretreatment. Renal function, histopathology and malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in kidneys were assessed at 1, 2 and 7 days after ischaemia.RESULTSAll rats except the controls had a significant improvement in serum creatinine, creatinine clearance and fractional excretion of Na+; all three were significantly better in EPO + EGF group than in all other groups Histopathological examination showed marked structural damage in control rats. The tubular damage was least in the EPO + EGF group. The control group had a significant increase in MDA level and a significant decrease in SOD and GSH, while the EPO + EGF group had a marked significant reduction in MDA and increase in GSH and SOD.CONCLUSIONThe protection against ischaemia/reperfusion injury might be maximal when EPO and EGF are administered concomitantly, and their protective effect might be partly due to their antioxidant effects.
Follow‐up of men with an elevated PCA3 score and a negative biopsy: does an elevated PCA3 score indeed predict the presence of prostate cancer?
Authors: Remzi Mesut , Haese Alexander , Van Poppel Hein , De La Taille Alexandre , Stenzl Arnulf , Hennenlotter Jörg , Marberger Michael 
Published: March 2010

Study Type – Diagnosis (exploratory cohort) Level of Evidence 2bOBJECTIVETo describe the follow‐up of men with an elevated ‘Prostate CAncer gene 3’ (PCA3, a promising novel tool for prostate cancer detection) and a negative repeat biopsy (Bx‐), as a previous study in men with one or two negative Bx (Bx−) scheduled for repeat Bx showed that a higher PCA3 score corresponded with a higher probability of a positive repeat Bx (Bx+).PATIENTS AND METHODSThis study comprised an analysis of the follow‐up of men with a PCA3 score of ≥20 and a repeat Bx−, after which a follow‐up Bx was taken. The initial study data in 463 men were also analysed to compare characteristics of: (i) men with a PCA3 score of ≥20 and ≥35 and a repeat Bx+, vs those with a Bx−; and (ii) men with a repeat Bx− and a PCA3 score of ≥20 vs <20 and a PCA3 score of ≥35 vs <35.RESULTSA follow‐up Bx was taken in 51 selected men; the Bx+ rate was 55%. Men with a follow‐up Bx+ had a higher PCA3 score (mean 69.5, median 50.4) than those with a Bx− (mean 37.7, median 28.2; P < 0.001). They also more often had high‐grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) at the previous Bx (46% vs 17%; P= 0.029). Men with a PCA3 score of ≥35 and a repeat Bx+ had a higher PCA3 score (mean 113.9, median 75.7) than those with a Bx− (mean 87.3, median 56.9; P= 0.047). Men with a repeat Bx− and an elevated/high PCA3 score more often had HGPIN than men with a low PCA3 score.CONCLUSIONSAn elevated/high PCA3 score can predict prostate cancer in men with one or two previous Bx−. If the repeat Bx is negative, an elevated/high PCA3 score combined with HGPIN might predict prostate cancer at the follow‐up Bx.
Bladder cancer in cystoscopically normal‐appearing mucosa: a case of mistaken identity?
Authors: Herr Harry W. , Al‐Ahmadie Hikmat , Dalbagni Guido , Reuter Victor E. 
Published: March 2010

Study Type – Diagnosis (exploratory cohort) Level of Evidence 2bOBJECTIVETo test the frequency of malignancy in normal‐appearing urothelium in patients with high‐risk bladder cancer, as biopsy of normal‐appearing mucosa using standard white‐light cystoscopy (WLC) reportedly shows carcinoma in situ (CIS) in some patients with bladder tumours.PATIENTS AND METHODSCold‐cup biopsies of normal‐appearing mucosa were obtained by two experienced oncological urologists from 63 patients during transurethral resection of bladder cancers. Each biopsy labelled as ‘normal’ was interpreted by two expert uropathologists.RESULTSEach of the biopsies in all 63 patients was interpreted by both urological pathologists as showing normal or benign histology, except that one showed focal CIS.CONCLUSIONSBladder urothelium appearing normal to expert urological oncologists using standard WLC rarely shows CIS when biopsies are evaluated by experienced uropathologists.
Contrast‐enhanced colour Doppler‐targeted prostate biopsy: correlation of a subjective blood‐flow rating scale with the histopathological outcome of the biopsy
Authors: Mitterberger Michael , Aigner Friedrich , Pinggera Germar M. , Steiner Eberhard , Rehder Peter , Ulmer Hanno , Halpern Ethan J. , Horninger Wolfgang , Frauscher Ferdinand 
Published: March 2010

Study Type – Diagnosis (exploratory cohort) Level of Evidence 2bOBJECTIVETo correlate a subjective blood‐flow rating scale from contrast‐enhanced colour Doppler (CECD) transrectal ultrasonography‐targeted prostate biopsy with the histopathological outcome of the biopsy.PATIENTS AND METHODSIn all, 760 men with a serum total prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level of ≥1.25 ng/mL and a free‐to‐total PSA ratio of <18% were included. CECD‐targeted biopsies with five cores were taken only in hypervascular areas of the peripheral zone using a second‐generation ultrasonography contrast agent, followed by a 10‐core systematic biopsy. Prostate blood flow was scored using a subjective 5‐point scale in which 1 indicated ‘benign’, 2 ‘probably benign’, 3 ‘indeterminate’, 4 ‘probably malignant’ and 5 ‘malignant’.RESULTSOverall 37% (283 of 760) patients had prostate cancer in the biopsy. All 100 patients with a score of 5 had cancer; 153 had a score of 4, of whom 130 (85%) had cancer and 23 had benign histology (15%); 131 had a score of 3, of whom 34 (26%) had cancer and 97 (74%) had benign histology; 284 had a score of 2, of whom 17 (6%) had cancer and 267 (94%) had benign histology; 92 had a score of 1, of whom two (2%) had cancer and 90 (98%) had benign tissue. Statistical evaluation showed that the subjective blood‐flow rating scale correlated strongly and significantly (r= 0.75, P < 0.01) with the histopathological outcome of the biopsy.CONCLUSIONThe present study shows that a subjective CECD blood‐flow rating scale is a reliable tool to predict the pathological outcome of biopsy cores.
Benign prostate glands at the bladder neck margin in robotic vs open radical prostatectomy
Authors: Loeb Stacy , Epstein Jonathan I. , Ross Ashley E. , Schultz Luciana , Humphreys Elizabeth B. , Jarow Jonathan P. 
Published: March 2010

This is a comment moderated paper. Please go to http://www.bjui.org for further details.Study Type – Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence 4OBJECTIVE To compare the prevalence and extent of benign glands at the bladder neck (BN) margin in a large population undergoing open retropubic radical prostatectomy (RRP) and robotic‐assisted laparoscopic RP (RALP), as RALP was previously suggested to be associated with a higher rate of benign glands at the surgical margin than RRP.PATIENTS AND METHODS From 2005 to 2008, 137 RRP and 152 RALP were performed by one surgeon. Pathology slides were re‐reviewed while unaware of origin to examine the extent of benign glands at the BN margin (minimal, moderate, or extensive). Statistical analysis was used to assess the prevalence and extent of benign glands in the two procedures.RESULTS Benign prostatic glands were present at the margins in 89 (58.2%) RALP and 57 (41.6%) RRP specimens (P= 0.005). There were also a significantly greater extent of benign glands in RALP vs RRP (P= 0.031). After multivariate adjustment for prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level, clinical stage, and biopsy Gleason score, RALP maintained a significant association with both the presence (P= 0.019) and extent (P= 0.018) of benign glands at the BN. Two patients with organ‐confined disease (no cancerous margins) with benign glands at the BN margin had an initially high postoperative PSA level.CONCLUSIONS Benign prostate glands were present at the BN margin in a greater proportion of RALP than RRP specimens, possibly due to differences in the surgical approach to BN dissection. Additional study is necessary to determine the long‐term biological significance, if any, of these histological differences.
The Comparative City: Knowledge, Learning, Urbanism
Authors: MCFARLANE COLIN 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWhat might be the implications for urban studies if we take ‘comparison’ not just as a method, but as a mode of thought that informs how urban theory is constituted? Comparative research is experiencing resurgence in urban studies, yet there has been little effort to critically debate how comparison might take place, particularly in reference to comparison across the global ‘North–South divide’. Existing epistemologies of comparative research have focused on the domains of practicalities, methodologies and typologies. Notwithstanding the value of these debates, this article offers an alternative framing of comparison that focuses attention on theory cultures, learning and ethico‐politics, drawing on postcolonial debates. This approach works with an expansive conception of comparison that positions comparison as a strategy. The article concludes by outlining three implications for urban research.Résumé Qu’en serait‐il des études urbaines si la ‘comparaison’était considérée non pas seulement comme une méthode, mais comme un mode de réflexion qui éclaire la manière dont la théorie urbaine est établie? Les recherches comparatives connaissent une renaissance en études urbaines, mais rares sont les tentatives de débat critique sur les modalités d’une comparaison, notamment au‐delà de la division Nord‐Sud. Les épistémologies existantes de la recherche comparative se sont attachées à trois domaines: pratique, méthodologique et typologique. Sans nier la valeur de ces analyses, un cadre de comparaison alternatif est proposé ici, inspiré des débats postcoloniaux et axé sur les cultures de la théorie, l’apprentissage et l’éthico‐politique. Cette approche obéit à une conception élargie de la comparaison, laquelle est positionnée en tant que stratégie. La conclusion dépeint trois implications pour la recherche urbaine.
Informal Care Networks of Older Adults with an Intellectual Disability
Authors: Prosser Helen , Moss Steve 
Published: March 2010

This report describes a study of people with intellectual disability over the age of 40 years who were still living with relatives in the family home. Previous studies have revealed that there exist different types of social networks and that identifying network type and available informal support is important for planning effective service delivery. The main focus of this investigation was on the structure and characteristics of informal support networks and the pattern of support that occurred.The sample consisted of 32 individuals with an intellectual disability, mean age 46.7 years. Overall, the study found that carers received little support from other family members and the wider community in performing personal and household care tasks. The informal networks of older adults with learning disability operated on a hierarchical basis with primary family members, particularly parents and siblings, providing the bulk of informal support. Other relatives and friends and neighbours played a less significant role in informal care networks. The study also draws attention to the increasing number of elderly carers who, often single‐handedly, provide the primary sources of care for older adults with learning disability. Contrary to what might be expected, it was found that the size of an individual's network, in terms of numbers of localised kin members, was not related to the amount of support the main carer received from others.
The Future Care Plans of Older Adults with Intellectual Disabilities Living at Home with Family Carers
Authors: Prosser Helen 
Published: March 2010

The topic of future care provision for adults with intellectual disability living in the family home is becoming of increasing interest to researchers since epidemiological evidence indicates that this group of people will make increasing demands for residential provision in the future. Deriving information from a previously reported study on the structure and characteristics of the informal support networks, this paper describes the future residential and financial provision planned for a group of people with intellectual disability over the age of 40 years living with relatives in the family home and investigates the factors which influence carers' decisions to plan for the future.A semi‐structured interview enabled both quantitative and qualitative data to be collected. Results indicated that plans for the future residential care were minimal. Only 28% of carers had made any concrete plans for future residential care of their relative. In the majority of cases, carers were committed to maintaining long‐term home care for their relative with intellectual disability for as long as possible. Attention is drawn to the significant number of elderly parental carers (82% of this sample) who have not made concrete future residential arrangements. Carers were more likely to establish financial plans than residential plans for their family member. No clear differences were found between carers to indicate factors influencing whether they had made preparations for the future. Explanations for the reluctance of carers to plan for the future were, therefore, explored. The overall conclusion to be drawn from the research is that ‘crisis’ resettlement due to ill health or death of the main carer is highly likely. The potential role of service‐providers is briefly discussed.
In search of genes associated with risk for psychopathic tendencies in children: a two‐stage genome‐wide association study of pooled DNA
Authors: Viding Essi , Hanscombe Ken B. , Curtis Charles J.C. , Davis Oliver S.P. , Meaburn Emma L. , Plomin Robert 
Published: March 2010

Background:  Quantitative genetic data from our group indicates that antisocial behaviour (AB) is strongly heritable when coupled with psychopathic, callous‐unemotional (CU) personality traits. We have also demonstrated that the genetic influences for AB and CU overlap considerably. We conducted a genome‐wide association scan that capitalises on these findings in an attempt to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that may increase risk for psychopathic tendencies (AB+/CU+).Methods:  Teacher ratings at age 7 were used to screen 8374 twins with available DNA samples for individuals that were high vs. low on both AB and CU. In Stage 1, we screened for allele frequency differences in 642,432 autosomal single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using the Affymetrix 6.0 GeneChip with pooled DNA for high‐scoring (AB+/CU+) versus low‐scoring children (N = ∼300/group). In Stage 2, we tested the 3000 most strongly associated SNPs from Stage 1 for association in the same direction in a second sample of high‐ versus low‐scoring children from the same twin study (18% co‐twins).Results:  Using allele frequencies estimated from pooled DNA, we found suggestive evidence for enrichment of association in the second stage of our two‐stage genome‐wide association design and focus on reporting the 30 top‐ranking SNPs nominally associated with psychopathic tendencies. These SNPs include neurodevelopmental genes such as ROBO2.Conclusions:  Although none of the SNPs reached genome‐wide statistical significance we have generated a list of SNPs that are potentially associated with psychopathic tendencies, which we believe warrant verification and replication in large independent and clinical samples.