bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Catalyst‐Free and Highly Selective Electrophilic Mono‐Fluorination of Acetoacetamides: Facile and Efficient Preparation of 2‐Fluoroacetoacetamides in PEG‐400.
Authors: Bi Jingjing , Zhang Zhiguo , Liu Qingfeng , Zhang Guisheng 
Published: July 2012

AbstractTreatment of acetoacetamides (I) with almost equimolar amounts of Selectfluor affords monofluorinated β‐ketoamides (II), whilst the use of a double amount of Selectfluor for the fluorination of compound (Ib) leads to difluorinated derivative (III) as a single product.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Cyclopropanation with Glycine Ethyl Ester Hydrochloride in Water.
Authors: Morandi Bill , Dolva Amund , Carreira E. M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractElectron‐donating and electron‐withdrawing substrates produce aromatic cyclopropyl esters in good isolated yields of pure trans‐products [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Access to Chiral α‐Bromo and α‐H‐Substituted Tertiary Allylic Alcohols via Copper(I) Catalyzed 1,2‐Addition of Grignard Reagents to Enones.
Authors: Madduri Ashoba V. R. , Minnaard Adriaan J. , Harutyunyan Syuzanna R. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe methodology provides tertiary allylic alcohols with excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed N—N Bond Formation by Homocoupling of Ketoximes via N—O Bond Cleavage: Facile, Mild, and Efficient Synthesis of Azines.
Authors: Zhao Mi‐Na , Liang Hao , Ren Zhi‐Hui , Guan Zheng‐Hui 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA broad spectrum of symmetrical azines is available within 24h in moderate to good yields and high functional group tolerance is observed.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Arylamidines from Aryltrifluoroborates.
Authors: Saevmarker Jonas , Rydfjord Jonas , Gising Johan , Odell Luke R. , Larhed Mats 
Published: July 2012

AbstractCompared to the aryltrifluoroborates, both boronic acid and pinacol ester derivatives provide significantly lower yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Well‐Defined Ruthenium(II) Carboxylate as Catalyst for Direct C—H/C—O Bond Arylations with Phenols in Water.
Authors: Ackermann Lutz , Pospech Jola , Potukuchi Harish Kumar 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe process is successful in toluene, water or under solvent‐free conditions with tosylates, generated in situ from phenols and TosCl.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Trifluoromethyl‐Substituted Aziridines with in situ Generated CF3CHN2.
Authors: Kuenzi Stefan A. , Morandi Bill , Carreira Erick M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe one‐pot two‐step procedure affords the desired products, which are of interest in drug development, with complete regioselectivity and high cis‐diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐ and Cu‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Multicomponent Synthesis of Hetero α,α′‐Dimers of Heterocycles.
Authors: Murata Takahiro , Murai Masahito , Ikeda Yuji , Miki Koji , Ohe Kouichi 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe process is highly successful under conditions A) to produce various mixed ‐heterocyclic oligomers, which are of interest in material science.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Construction of Novel Exo′‐Selective Spiropyrrolidine Bisoxindoles via a Three‐Component 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction.
Authors: Liu Jie , Sun Hongbao , Liu Xiangjun , Ouyang Liang , Kang Tairan , Xie Yongmei , Wang Xiaoyan 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAzomethine ylides, generated in situ from isatins and α‐amino acid methyl ester (III) or amino acids (IX) and (XI), react with Knoevenagel adducts to yield the heterocyclic title systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of β‐Carbolines Using Microwave‐Assisted aza‐Wittig Methodology in Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Fresneda Pilar M. , Blazquez Jose Antonio 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe N‐unsubstituted β‐carbolines are formed via an expected aza‐Wittig electrocyclic ring closing sequence accompanied by unexpected simultaneous N‐deprotection.
ChemInform Abstract: A Practical Synthesis of 2‐Aminobenzothiazoles via the Tandem Reactions of 2‐Haloanilines with Isothiocyanates Catalyzed by Immobilization of Copper in MCM‐41.
Authors: Xiao Ruian , Hao Wenyan , Ai Jinting , Cai Ming‐Zhong 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe reaction of haloanilines, especially iodo derivatives, can be performed under air to produce biologically important benzothiazole derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Approach to H‐Pyrazolo[5,1‐a]isoquinolines via a Silver Triflate‐Catalyzed Reaction of N′‐(2‐Alkynylbenzylidene)hydrazide with Allenoate.
Authors: Gao Liang , Ye Shengqing , Ding Qiuping , Chen Zhiyuan , Wu Jie 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA novel reaction for the synthesis of the title compounds is successfully developed under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver Triflate—Copper(II) Acetate Cooperative Catalysis in a Cascade Reaction for Concise Synthesis of 2‐Carbonyl H‐Pyrazolo[5,1‐a]isoquinolines.
Authors: Chen Zhiyuan , Gao Liang , Ye Shengqing , Ding Qiuping , Wu Jie 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIt is assumed that the reaction proceeds through a peroxy‐copper(III) intermediate.
ChemInform Abstract: Desulfonylative Radical Ring Closure onto Aromatics. A Modular Route to Benzazepin‐2‐ones and 5‐Arylpiperidin‐2‐ones.
Authors: Charrier Nicolas , Liu Zhibo , Zard Samir Z. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe method includes the radical reaction of N‐xanthylacetyl‐N‐methanesulfanilides with allylamine (II), followed by ring closure.
ChemInform Abstract: TiCl4‐Promoted Tandem Carbonyl or Imine Addition and Friedel—Crafts Cyclization: Synthesis of Benzo‐Fused Oxabicyclooctanes and Nonanes.
Authors: Ghosh Arun K. , Martyr Cuthbert D. , Xu Chun‐Xiao 
Published: July 2012

AbstractSubstituted benzo‐fused 8‐oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes and 9‐oxabicyclo[4.2.1]nonanes are prepared from substituted electron‐rich benzyl dihydrofurans and phenethyl dihydrofurans.
ChemInform Abstract: HClO4·SiO2‐Mediated Improved Isomerization of Glycidic Esters to α‐Hydroxy‐β,γ‐unsaturated Esters: Application in the Formal Synthesis of (R)‐Baclofen and β‐Phenyl GABA Analogues.
Authors: Basak Ranjan , Dharuman Suresh , Reddy Y. Suman , Doddi Venkata Ramana , Vankar Yashwant D. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractCompound (Ve) is easily converted into (R)‐baclofen accordingly to previously published methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid Promoted Highly Diastereoselective Petasis Borono‐Mannich Reaction: Efficient Synthesis of Optically Active β,γ‐Unsaturated α‐Amino Acids.
Authors: Li Yi , Xu Ming‐Hua 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe reaction of alkenyl boronic acids, (R)‐N‐tbutanesulfonamide (I) and glyoxylic acid (III) is catalyzed by InBr3 and proceeds with excellent diastereoselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Daphnioldhamine A, a Novel Alkaloid from Daphniphyllum oldhami.
Authors: Tan Cheng‐Jian , Wang Yue‐Hu , Di Ying‐Tong , He Hong‐Ping , Mu Shu‐Zhen , Li Shi‐Fei , Zhang Yu , Hao Xiao‐Jiang 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPreliminary tests reveal that (I) exhibits no cytotoxicity.
Candida tenuis Xylose Reductase Catalyzed Reduction of Aryl Ketones for Enantioselective Synthesis of Active Oxetine Derivatives
Authors: Vogl Michael , Kratzer Regina , Nidetzky Bernd , Brecker Lothar 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTCandida tenuis xylose reductase shows high catalytic efficiencies in carbonyl reduction of acetophenone and 1‐phenyl‐1‐propanone derivatives. The quite low substrate solubility in aqueous buffer systems is circumvented by addition of methanol or by two‐phase solvent systems. In the latter, methanol improves the substrate phase transfer as solvent mediator and leads to reasonable space/time yields. Resulting enantiomerically pure chiral alcohols are key intermediates for synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients. (R)‐Atomoxetine is exemplarily synthesized in four steps, and the further use for generation of other oxetine derivatives and a polo‐like kinase 1 inhibitor are discussed. Chirality 00:000–000, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A comprehensive discussion of hmbc pulse sequences, part 1: The classical HMBC
Authors: Furrer Julien 
Published: July 2012

AbstractSince its introduction in 1986, the heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC) experiment has modernized nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the structural studies of small to medium molecules. The experiment provides information about which protons are near through bonds (but not directly bonded to) different carbons or to another heteronucleus. This experiment (in conjunction with the heteronuclear single‐quantum coherence experiment) provides significant amount of information about molecular structure, as the long‐range proton–carbon or proton–nitrogen correlations can include quaternary carbons or nitrogens, in addition to protonated carbons or nitrogens. Impressive examples for structure elucidation of organic molecules, peptides, or natural products have been published in the last 20 years. After a short introduction into the basic theory, this article will provide a comprehensive and pedagogical description of the classical HMBC pulse sequences, with the aid of product operator formalism. Building from basic principles, low‐pass filtering for rejecting unwanted 1
JCH correlations, and the role of pulsed‐field gradients for coherence transfer pathway selection are explained in detail. This article is intended to be used as a basic coverage for students and researchers seeking a simple theoretical understanding of the fundamental tools of the HMBC experiment. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 40A: 101–127, 2012.
Digitally programmable second generation current conveyor‐based FPAA
Authors: Mahmoud Soliman A. , Soliman Eman A. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTA novel fully differential digitally programmable current conveyor (DPCCII) is presented in this paper. The programmability of the proposed DPCCII is achieved using three‐bit MOS R‐2R ladder current division network. The DPCCII is used to realize a field programmable analog array (FPAA). The FPAA consists of seven configurable analog blocks arranged in a hexagonal form. The FPAA power consumption is 72.3 mW from 1 V voltage supply. A second‐order programmable universal filter is realized using the proposed FPAA as an application. All the circuits are realized and simulated using 90 nm IBM CMOS technology model under balanced supply voltage of ±0.5 V. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Epidermal growth factor receptor and Kras gene expression: Reliability of mutational analysis on cytological samples
Authors: Bozzetti Cecilia , Negri Francesca V. , Azzoni Cinzia , Naldi Nadia , Nizzoli Rita , Bortesi Beatrice , Zobbi Valentina , Bottarelli Lorena , Tiseo Marcello , Silini Enrico Maria , Ardizzoni Andrea 
Published: July 2012

AbstractEpidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Kras gene mutations are crucial for discriminating patients responsive to anti‐EGFR drugs in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and colorectal cancer (CRC), respectively. The majority of NSCLCs come to clinical attention at an advanced stage when surgery is no longer recommended and a considerable number of them are diagnosed by cytology only. A large number of metastatic CRCs are also diagnosed by imaging and minimally invasive techniques such as fine‐needle aspiration biopsy. Here, we report our experience in the mutation analysis of EGFR and Kras on cytological material obtained from superficial and deep lesions of NSCLC and CRC. Our series included 63 cytological specimens from primary or metastatic lesions of 42 NSCLCs and 21 CRCs. The cytological material was adequate for the mutation analysis in 39/42 (93%) NSCLCs and in 20/21(95%) CRCs. EGFR and Kras mutations were found in 9 (23%) and 9 (23%) NSCLC cases, respectively. Kras mutations were found in 9/20 (45%) CRC specimens. Histological samples from the primary tumors were available in 9/42 NSCLCs and in 17/21 CRCs. The agreement of EGFR and Kras mutational status in cytological vs. histological samples was 100% for NSCLC and 88% for CRC. Our results suggest that standard cytology provides adequate material for the assessment of EGFR and Kras mutational status in NSCLC and CRC patients and could be specifically indicated in patients not eligible for surgery but candidate to anti‐EGFR therapy. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Making the first fracture the last fracture: ASBMR task force report on secondary fracture prevention
Authors: Eisman John A , Bogoch Earl R , Dell Rick , Harrington J Timothy , McKinney Ross E , McLellan Alastair , Mitchell Paul J , Silverman Stuart , Singleton Rick , Siris Ethel ,   for the ASBMR Task Force on Secondary Fracture Prevention
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Fragility fractures are common, affecting almost one in two older women and one in three older men. Every fragility fracture signals increased risk of future fractures as well as risk of premature mortality. Despite the major health care impact worldwide, currently there are few systems in place to identify and “capture” individuals after a fragility fracture to ensure appropriate assessment and treatment (according to national guidelines) to reduce future fracture risk and adverse health outcomes. The Task Force reviewed the current evidence about different systematic interventional approaches, their logical background, as well as the medical and ethical rationale. This included reviewing the evidence supporting cost-effective interventions and developing a toolkit for reducing secondary fracture incidence. This report presents this evidence for cost-effective interventions versus the human and health care costs associated with the failure to address further fractures. In particular, it summarizes the evidence for various forms of Fracture Liaison Service as the most effective intervention for secondary fracture prevention. It also summarizes the evidence that certain interventions, particularly those based on patient and/or community-focused educational approaches, are consistently, if unexpectedly, ineffective. As an international group, representing 36 countries throughout Asia-Pacific, South America, Europe, and North America, the Task Force reviewed and summarized the international data on barriers encountered in implementing risk-reduction strategies. It presents the ethical imperatives for providing quality of care in osteoporosis management. As part of an implementation strategy, it describes both the quality improvement methods best suited to transforming care and the research questions that remain outstanding. The overarching outcome of the Task Force's work has been the provision of a rational background and the scientific evidence underpinning secondary fracture prevention and stresses the utility of one form or another of a Fracture Liaison Service in achieving those quality outcomes worldwide. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Facile Synthesis of Linear and Hyperbranched Ladder Poly(p‐Phenylene)s without Structural Defects
Authors: Bai Libin , Li Dongzhi , Lu Huan , Wu Yonggang , Ba Xinwu , Bo Zhishan 
Published: July 2012

AbstractLinear and hyperbranched ladder polymers are facilely synthesized by a Pd0‐catalyzed Suzuki polycondensation and Friedel–Crafts alkylation. The polymers show blue light emission with typical features of ladder polymers, such as well‐resolved absorption and emission spectra, and small Stokes shifts. The polymers contain fewer structural defects and they exhibit good optical and thermal stability. No spectral change is observed after the films of ladder polymers are heated at 110 °C in air for 24 h.
Effect of Carbon Coating on the Physico‐chemical Properties and Toxicity of Copper and Nickel Nanoparticles
Authors: Minocha Shalini , Mumper Russell J. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe primary aim of these interdisciplinary studies is to investigate the effect of surface carbon coating on the physico‐chemical properties and toxicity of carbon‐coated and noncoated copper and nickel nanoparticles (C‐Cu, Cu, C‐Ni, Ni NPs) in A549 alveolar epithelial cells. Compared to Cu NPs, C‐Cu NPs exhibit protection against surface oxidation, tenfold higher cellular uptake, and fourfold lower release of soluble Cu. The toxicity of C‐Cu NPs and Cu NPs is associated with pronounced damage to mitochondrial function and plasma membrane integrity, respectively. Compared to Cu and C‐Cu NPs, Ni and C‐Ni NPs are less toxic. These studies demonstrate that correlations can be drawn between physico‐chemical properties and resultant toxicity of NPs as a function of surface carbon coating.
Differential photosynthetic characteristics between seedlings and saplings of Abies sachalinensis and Picea glehnii, in the field
Authors: Bontempo e Silva Edgard A. , Hasegawa Shigeaki F. , Ono Kiyomi , Sumida Akihiro , Uemura Shigeru , Hara Toshihiko 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAbies sachalinensis and Picea glehnii are co‐dominant tree species and major components of the forests of Hokkaido, Japan. Recent work suggests that a reversal in potential competitive superiority at different developmental stages could be important to explain their coexistence. Such shifts in competitive advantage can be mechanistically understood by studying the corresponding physiological differences between distinct life stages. Accordingly, our objective was to investigate in the field the photosynthesis of shade‐growing juveniles of these species from two different size‐classes, seedlings and saplings. Our results show that seedlings of both species had higher concentrations of photoprotective xanthophylls than saplings, especially in spring, and suggest that seedlings have a lower threshold of stress tolerance than saplings. Photosynthetic capacity per needle area and lateral shoot extension rate decreased from the seedling to the sapling stage in A. sachalinensis, while in P. glehnii, both increased from the seedling to the sapling stage. Abies sachalinensis had higher photosynthetic rates at the seedling stage but lower rates at the sapling stage than P. glehnii. Nevertheless, A. sachalinensis had a higher lateral shoot extension rate than P. glehnii at both stages. Our physiological results support previous ecological observations that A. sachalinensis is a superior competitor to P. glehnii in the understory, and show that its competitive advantage is higher at the seedling stage than at the sapling stage.
Trajectory deconfliction with constraint programming
Authors: Barnier Nicolas , Allignol Cyril 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAs acknowledged by the SESAR (Single European Sky ATM (Air Traffic Management) Research) program, current Air Traffic Control (ATC) systems must be drastically improved to accommodate the predicted traffic growth in Europe. In this context, the Episode 3 project aims at assessing the performance of new ATM concepts, like 4D-trajectory planning and strategic deconfliction.One of the bottlenecks impeding ATC performances is the hourly capacity constraints defined on each en-route ATC sector to limit the rate of aircraft. Previous works were mainly focused on optimizing the current ground holding slot allocation process devised to satisfy these constraints. We propose to estimate the cost of directly solving all conflicts in the upper airspace with ground holding, provided that aircraft were able to follow their trajectories accurately.We present a Constraint Programming model of this large-scale combinatorial optimization problem and the results obtained with the FaCiLe (Functional Constraint Library). We study the effect of uncertainties on the departure time and estimate the cost of improving the robustness of our solutions with the Complete Air Traffic Simulator (CATS). Encouraging results were obtained without uncertainty but the costs of robust solutions are prohibitive. Our approach may however be improved, for example, with a prior flight level allocation and the dynamic resolution of remaining conflicts with one of CATS’ modules.
TCAS software verification using constraint programming
Authors: Gotlieb Arnaud 
Published: July 2012

AbstractSafety-critical software must be thoroughly verified before being exploited in commercial applications. In particular, any TCAS (Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System) implementation must be verified against safety properties extracted from the anti-collision theory that regulates the controlled airspace. This verification step is currently realized with manual code reviews and testing. In our work, we explore the capabilities of Constraint Programming for automated software verification and testing. We built a dedicated constraint solving procedure that combines constraint propagation with Linear Programming to solve conditional disjunctive constraint systems over bounded integers extracted from computer programs and safety properties. An experience we made on verifying a publicly available TCAS component implementation against a set of safety-critical properties showed that this approach is viable and efficient.
Application of Electron Backscatter Diffraction for Crystallographic Characterization of Tin Whiskers
Authors: Michael Joseph R. , McKenzie Bonnie B. , Susan Donald F. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractUnderstanding the growth of whiskers or high aspect ratio features on substrates can be aided when the crystallography of the feature is known. This study has evaluated three methods that utilize electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) for the determination of the crystallographic growth direction of an individual whisker. EBSD has traditionally been a technique applied to planar, polished samples, and thus the use of EBSD for out-of-surface features is somewhat more difficult and requires additional steps. One of the methods requires the whiskers to be removed from the substrate resulting in the loss of valuable physical growth relationships between the whisker and the substrate. The other two techniques do not suffer this disadvantage and provide the physical growth information as well as the crystallographic growth directions. The final choice of method depends on the information required. The accuracy and the advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed.
Social networks, support and early psychosis: a systematic review
Authors: Gayer-Anderson C. , Morgan C. 
Published: July 2012

Background.There is strong evidence that those with a long-standing psychotic disorder have fewer social contacts and less social support than comparison groups. There is less research on the extent of social contacts and support prior to or at the onset of psychosis. In the light of recent evidence implicating a range of social experiences and contexts at the onset of psychosis, it is relevant to establish whether social networks and support diminished before or at the time of onset and whether the absence of such supports might contribute to risk, either directly or indirectly. We, therefore, conducted a systematic review of this literature to establish what is currently known about the relationship between social networks, support and early psychosis.Methods.We identified all studies investigating social networks and support in first episode psychosis samples and in general population samples with measures of psychotic experiences or schizotype by conducting systematic searches of electronic databases using pre-defined search terms and criteria. Findings were synthesized using non-quantitative approaches.Results.Thirty-eight papers were identified that met inclusion criteria. There was marked methodological heterogeneity, which limits the capacity to draw direct comparisons. Nonetheless, the existing literature suggests social networks (particularly close friends) and support diminished both among first episode samples and among non-clinical samples reporting psychotic experiences or with schizotype traits, compared with varying comparison groups. These differences may be more marked for men and for those from minority ethnic populations.Conclusions.Tentatively, reduced social networks and support appear to pre-date onset of psychotic disorder. However, the substantial methodological heterogeneity among the existing studies makes comparisons difficult and suggests a need for more robust and comparable studies on networks, support and early psychosis.