bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Headspace Analysis of Italian and New Zealand Parmesan Cheeses
Authors: Langford Vaughan S. , Reed Christine J. , Milligan Daniel B. , McEwan Murray J. , Barringer Sheryl A. , Harper W. James 
Published: May 2012

Abstract:  New Zealand is a leader in the global dairy industry. Milk powder is the principal export product, but there is also a prominent cheese manufacturing industry, catering more for the domestic market. The Selected Ion Flow Tube‐Mass Spectrometric (SIFT‐MS) technique was used to compare 4 New Zealand cheeses marketed as “parmesan” with 4 Italian Parmigiano Reggiano and Grana Padano cheeses. The cheese headspace was analyzed in real time without any sample preconcentration. Total of 38 volatile compounds in the cheese headspace were monitored with headspace concentrations varying between single digit parts per billion (ppb) to tens of parts per million (ppm). When the results were subjected to multivariate statistical analysis, a clear discrimination was found between the New Zealand “parmesan” and Italian cheeses based solely on the measured concentrations of these volatile compounds. If the volatile compounds used in the analyses were restricted to known odor‐active compounds in Parmigiano Reggiano cheese, the ability to discriminate between the cheeses was maintained. The analyses also showed that it was possible to clearly differentiate between the different processing plants in individual countries. Important discriminatory volatiles in the samples tested were butanoic acid and phenylacetaldehyde for discriminating between Italian cheeses and ethyl butyrate, acetaldehyde and methylbutanals between New Zealand cheeses. We conclude that the New Zealand “parmesans” do not provide a good representation of the aroma of Italian “parmesans.”Practical Application:  SIFT‐MS has been shown to clearly differentiate both country of origin and the manufacturer of “parmesan” cheeses made in Italy and New Zealand based on differences in volatile organic compounds. Thus this method will have benefit for use in the quality control of “parmesan” and other cheese varieties.
Discovery and characterization of a large number of diagnostic markers to discriminate Oncorhynchus mykiss and O. clarkii
Authors: PRITCHARD V. L. , ABADÍA‐CARDOSO A. , GARZA J. C. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractHybridization of cutthroat trout and steelhead/rainbow trout is ubiquitous where they are sympatric, either naturally or owing to introductions. The ability to detect hybridization and introgression between the two species would be greatly improved by the development of more diagnostic markers validated across the two species’ many phylogenetic lineages. Here, we describe 81 novel genetic markers and associated assays for discriminating the genomes of these sister species. These diagnostic nucleotide polymorphisms were discovered by sequencing of rainbow trout expressed sequence tags (ESTs) in a diverse panel of both cutthroat trout and steelhead/rainbow trout. The resulting markers were validated in a large number of lineages of both species, including all extant subspecies of cutthroat trout and most of the lineages of rainbow trout that are found in natural sympatry with cutthroat trout or used in stocking practices. Most of these markers (79%) distinguish genomic regions for all lineages of the two species, but a small number do not reliably diagnose coastal, westslope and/or other subspecies of cutthroat trout. Surveys of natural populations and hatchery strains of trout and steelhead found rare occurrences of the alternative allele, which may be due to either previous introgression or shared polymorphism. The availability of a large number of genetic markers for distinguishing genomic regions originating in these sister species will allow the detection of both recent and more distant hybridization events, facilitate the study of the evolutionary dynamics of hybridization and provide a powerful set of tools for the conservation and management of both species.
Anthropology in the Cognitive Sciences: The Value of Diversity
Authors: Unsworth Sara J. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBeller, Bender, and Medin (this issue) offer a provocative proposal outlining several reasons why anthropology and the rest of cognitive science might consider parting ways. Among those reasons, they suggest that separation might maintain the diversity needed to address larger problems facing humanity, and that the research strategies used across the disciplines are already so diverse as to be incommensurate. The present paper challenges the view that research strategies are incommensurate and offers a multimethod approach to cultural research that can help to establish common ground while maintaining diversity.
A cohort study of mortality predictors and characteristics of patients with combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema
Authors: Kishaba Tomoo , Shimaoka Yousuke , Fukuyama Hajime , Yoshida Kyoko , Tanaka Maki , Yamashiro Shin , Tamaki Hitoshi 
Published: May 2012

ObjectivesOur purpose was to assess the clinical data, predictors of mortality and acute exacerbation (AE) in combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) patients.DesignSingle-centre retrospective cohort study.SettingTeaching hospital in Japan.ParticipantsWe identified 93 CPFE patients with high-resolution computed tomographic (HRCT) through multidisciplinary discussion. Patients who had connective tissue disease, drug-associated interstitial lung disease and occupationally related interstitial lung disease, such as asbestosis and silicosis, were excluded.InterventionsThere were no interventions.MethodsMedical records and HRCT scans from January 2002 through December 2007 were reviewed retrospectively at our hospital. Ninety-three patients had CPFE.ResultsThe mean age of CPFE patients was 74 years. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and non-specific interstitial pneumonia were observed as distinct HRCT patterns. Forty-two patients showed finger clubbing. Mean serum Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) and per cent predicted forced vital capacity (%FVC) were 1089 IU/l, 63.86%, respectively. Twenty-two patients developed AE during observation period. Baseline KL-6 was a strong predictor of AE (OR=1.0016, p=0.009). Finger clubbing (HR=2.2620, p=0.015) and per cent predicted forced expiratory volume in one second/%FVC more than 1.2 (HR=1.9259, p=0.048) were independent predictors of mortality in CPFE.ConclusionsBaseline serum KL-6 was a useful predictor of AE (cut-off =1050, receiver operator characteristic curve: 0.7720), which occurred in 24% (22/93) of the CPFE patients. Finger clubbing and per cent predicted forced expiratory volume in one second/%FVC more than 1.2 were independent predictors of mortality.
Protection of ceruloplasmin by lactoferrin against hydroxyl radicals is pH dependent1This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Lactoferrin and has undergone the Journal’s usual peer review process.
Authors: Sokolov Alexey V. , Solovyov Kirill V. , Kostevich Valeria A. , Chekanov Andrey V. , Pulina Maria O. , Zakharova Elena T. , Shavlovski Mikhail M. , Panasenko Oleg M. , Vasilyev Vadim B. 
Published: May 2012

Destruction of ceruloplasmin (Cp) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide is accompanied by the release of the protein’s copper ions that provoke formation of hydroxyl radicals (OH˙) and, consequently, further degradation of the protein. Under such conditions, degradation of Cp is hampered by a number of substances able to bind copper ions. Lactoferrin (Lf) is the most active protector of Cp, its protective effect depending on the pH of the medium. The best protection of Cp by Lf was detected at pH 7.4. In an acidic buffer (pH 5.5), Lf did not affect the destruction of Cp. The pH-dependent efficiency of copper binding by Lf is in good agreement with its capacity to protect Cp against degradation provoked by hydrogen peroxide. It seems likely that peroxide-dependent degradation of Cp stimulated by its own copper ions is a part of neutrophil-induced antimicrobial reactions and may take place properly at the foci of inflammation. Interaction of Lf with Cp may regulate the generation of OH˙ from hydrogen peroxide in the foci of inflammation and protect the adjacent tissues.
HAMILTONIAN CIRCLE ACTIONS WITH MINIMAL FIXED SETS
Authors: LI HUI , TOLMAN SUSAN 
Published: May 2012

Consider an effective Hamiltonian circle action on a compact symplectic 2n-dimensional manifold (M, ω). Assume that the fixed set MS1 is minimal, in two senses: It has exactly two components, X and Y, and dim (X) + dim (Y) = dim (M) - 2. We prove that the integral cohomology ring and Chern classes of M are isomorphic to either those of ℂℙn or (if n ≠ 1 is odd) to those of [Formula: see text], the Grassmannian of oriented two-planes in ℝn+2. In particular, Hi(M;ℤ) = Hi(ℂℙn; ℤ) for all i, and the Chern classes of M are determined by the integral cohomology ring. We also prove that the fixed set data of M agrees exactly with the fixed set data for one of the standard circle actions on one of these two manifolds. In particular, we show that there are no points with stabilizer ℤk for any k > 2. The same conclusions hold when MS1 has exactly two components and the even Betti numbers of M are minimal, that is, b2i(M) = 1 for all i ∈ {0, …, ½ dim (M)}. This provides additional evidence that very few symplectic manifolds with minimal even Betti numbers admit Hamiltonian actions.
Resistance to TRAIL Is Mediated by DARPP-32 in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Belkhiri Abbes , Zhu Shoumin , Chen Zheng , Soutto Mohammed , El-Rifai Wael 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPurpose: Dopamine and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein, Mr 32,000 (DARPP-32), is overexpressed during the gastric carcinogenesis cascade. Here, we investigated the role of DARPP-32 in promoting resistance to treatment with TRAIL.Experimental Design: In vitro cell models including stable expression and knockdown of DARPP-32 were used. The role of DARPP-32 in regulating TRAIL-dependent apoptosis was evaluated by clonogenic survival assay, Annexin V staining, immunofluorescence, quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR, Western blot, and luciferase reporter assays.Results: Stable expression of DARPP-32 in MKN-28 cells enhanced cell survival and suppressed TRAIL-induced cytochrome c release and activation of caspase-8, -9, and -3. Conversely, short hairpin RNA–mediated knockdown of endogenous DARPP-32 sensitized the resistant MKN-45 cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis and enhanced TRAIL-mediated activation of caspase-8, -9, and -3. DARPP-32 induced BCL-xL expression through activation of Src/STAT3 signaling, and treatment with the Src-specific inhibitor PP1 abrogated DARPP-32–dependent BCL-xL upregulation and cell survival in MKN-28 cells. The TRAIL treatment induced caspase-dependent cleavage of NF-κBp65 protein; this cleavage was prevented by DARPP-32, thus maintaining NF-κB activity and the expression of its target, FLIP(S) protein. This suggests that upregulation of BCL-xL could play a possible role in blocking the mitochondria intrinsic apoptosis pathway, whereas the DARPP-32 effect on the NF-κB/FLIP(S) axis could serve as an additional negative feedback loop that blocks TRAIL-induced activation of caspase-8.Conclusion: Our findings uncover a novel mechanism of TRAIL resistance mediated by DARPP-32, whereby it inhibits the intrinsic apoptosis pathway through upregulation of BCL-xL, and the extrinsic apoptosis pathway through the NF-κB/FLIP(S) axis. Clin Cancer Res; 18(14); 3889–900. ©2012 AACR.
Statin Therapy and the Risk of Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: McKinney James S. , Kostis William J. 
Published: May 2012

Background and Purpose—
Statin therapy decreases the risk of ischemic stroke. An increased risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has been observed in some studies. To investigate this issue, we performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials using statins that reported ICH.

Methods—
We performed a literature search of Medline, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library through January 25, 2012, and identified additional randomized controlled trials by reviewing reference lists of retrieved studies and prior meta-analyses. All randomized controlled trials of statin therapy that reported ICH or hemorrhagic stroke were included. The primary outcome variable was ICH. Thirty-one randomized controlled trials were included. All analyses used random effects models and heterogeneity was not observed in any of the analyses.

Results—

A total of 91 588 subjects were included in the active group and 91 215 in the control group. There was no significant difference in incidence of ICH observed in the active treatment group versus control (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.88–1.32;
P
=0.47). ICH risk was not related to the degree of low-density lipoprotein reduction or achieved low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Total stroke (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.78–0.91;
P
<0.0001) and all-cause mortality (OR, 0.92; CI, 0.87–0.96;
P
=0.0007) were significantly reduced in the active therapy group. There was no evidence of publication bias.

Conclusions—
Active statin therapy was not associated with significant increase in ICH in this meta-analysis of 31 randomized controlled trials of statin therapy. A significant reduction in all stroke and all-cause mortality was observed with statin therapy.
Evaluation of the Impact of UGT Polymorphism on the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of the Novel PPAR Agonist Sipoglitazar
Authors: Stringer Frances , Ploeger Bart A. , Jongh Joost De , Scott Graham , Urquhart Richard , Karim Aziz , Danhof Meindert 
Published: May 2012

AbstractSipoglitazar is a peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor α, δ, and γ agonist. During phase I, a wide distribution of clearance between individuals was observed. Hypothesized to result from a polymorphism in the uridine 5′‐diphospate‐glucuronosyltransferase (UGT)2B15 enzyme, pharmacogenetic samples were collected from each individual for genotyping UGT2B15 in a subsequent phase I trial in healthy subjects (n = 524) and in 2 phase II trials in type 2 diabetes subjects (n = 627), total genotype frequency was as follows: *1/*1 (22%), *1/*2 (51%), and *2/*2 (27%). The impact of genotype on exposure was assessed using a pharmacokinetic modeling approach; the influence of genotype on efficacy was evaluated using 12‐week HbA1c change from baseline. Model analysis demonstrated UGT2B15 genotype accounted significantly for the variability in sipoglitazar clearance; however, a small fraction of subjects had a clearance that could not be explained entirely by genotype. HbA1c drop increased with daily drug dose. When stratified by both dose and genotype, HbA1c drop was larger in the UGT2B15*2/*2 compared with UGT2B15*1/*1 and UGT2B15*1/*2 genotypes (P < .05). In summary, UGT2B15 genotype is a strong predictor for sipoglitazar clearance; a greater clinical response observed in the UGT2B15*2/*2 genotype appears to confirm this. However, overlap in individual rates of clearance across genotypes remains after accounting for genotype.
Atypical Croup
Authors: Cooper Timothy , Kuruvilla George , Persad Rabin , El‐Hakim Hamdy 
Published: May 2012

ObjectiveTo report on airway endoscopic findings and gastrointestinal and atopic conditions in a large consecutive series of atypical croup.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary pediatric referral center.Subjects and MethodsA surgical database was searched for all children who underwent full airway endoscopy to investigate atypical croup. The primary outcome measure was the prevalence of large airway lesions in patients with atypical croup undergoing endoscopy. Demographics, secondary diagnoses, and rate of positive findings were documented. Age and atopy were correlated using Spearman’s correlation coefficient, and multivariate analysis identified predictors of large airway lesions.ResultsEighty patients were identified over a period of 8 years (58 boys; mean [SD] age 4.8 [3.8] years; range, 46 days to 13.7 years). Of the 80 children, 31 had positive airway findings, with 33 large airway lesions demonstrated, including 10 subglottic stenosis, 7 laryngeal clefts, 6 subglottic hemangiomas, 4 tracheomalacia, and 3 laryngomalacia. Esophagitis was diagnosed in 36 children, 5 of whom had eosinophilic esophagitis. Thirty‐five children had an atopic condition including asthma, allergic rhinitis, eosinophilic esophagitis, and food allergies. Age correlated with associated atopy (coefficient 0.4, P <. 0001) and predicted the presence of any airway lesion (coefficient −0.0625, P <. 001) and subglottic stenosis in particular (coefficient −0.0362, P =. 001). Prior intubation predicted subglottic stenosis (coefficient 0.267, P =. 011).ConclusionThirty‐nine percent of airway endoscopies demonstrated large airway lesions. When eosinophilic esophagitis was sought, it was confirmed in over 1:10 patients. The findings bolster the case for airway endoscopy coupled with allergy and gastrointestinal investigations.
Addition-curable phthalonitrile-functionalized novolac resin
Authors: Zhang Boxing , Luo Zhenhua , Zhou Heng , Liu Feng , Yu Ruilian , Pan Yuexiu , Wang Yun , Zhao Tong 
Published: May 2012

A novel addition-curable novolac resin with phthalonitrile groups (PN) was successfully synthesized by a simple nucleophilic substitution reaction between the novolac resin and 4-nitrophthalonitrile. The final product was characterized with gel permeation chromatography (GPC), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. Processing capability and cure behavior of PN resin was investigated by rheometer and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively. Rheometric studies showed PN resin possessed a broad processing window between 140 and 225°C with a low viscosity from 0.4 to 4 Pa.s. DSC results showed PN resin can be cured at about 220°C via thermal polymerization of phthalonitrile groups. An ultrahigh curing temperature (such as 375°C) that was typical for the other phthalonitrile functional prepolymers was not necessary for this resin and 250°C was used as a maximum post-cure temperature to achieve the desired properties. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed T5% (temperature of 5% weight loss) of the final cured products in nitrogen was 448.7°C, and the char yield was 70.29% at 900°C. Furthermore, T5% of cured PN resin in air was 455.2°C, and the char yield in air was 34.48% at 700°C,revealing that the cured resin possessed excellent thermo-oxidative stability. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) showed the inflection point of tan δ was 371.9°C. The excellent processability and thermal stabilities proved PN resin as a promising candidate for advanced composite matrices.
Effects of muscle-equivalent forces on the biomechanical behavior of proximal femur fracture models: a pilot study on artificial bones
Authors: Konstantinidis Lukas , Papaioannou Christoforos , Hirschmüller Anja , Pavlidis Theodoros , Schröter Steffen , Südkamp Norbert P , Helwig Peter 
Published: May 2012

Introduction: There has been extensive analysis of the influence of muscle forces and their effects on the biomechanical behavior of the proximal femur. Nevertheless, these forces have only been taken into account in a handful of biomechanical studies in the field of traumatology. The aim of this study was to analyze the biomechanical behavior of two typical fracture models of the proximal femur based on muscle-equivalent forces. Method: Plate osteosynthesis was performed on two groups of artificial femora to stabilize either a trochanteric osteotomy ( n = 5) or a femur shaft osteotomy ( n = 5). After fixation axial loading was applied to the constructs first without muscle-equivalent forces and then with the addition of these forces (abductor groups and vastus lateralis). Displacement at the osteotomy site and the stiffness of the whole construct were measured during loading. Results: Comparison of the two loading modes revealed no significant differences for displacement or stiffness for the trochanteric fractures. For the femur shaft fractures, a significant difference was found for displacement ( p = 0.023) and stiffness ( p = 0.003) with or without muscle-equivalent forces. Conclusion: The loading protocol for implant testing on femur shaft fractures should include muscle-equivalent forces. For trochanteric fractures, consideration of muscle forces is not entirely necessary since they will have little effect on the results, for example, when comparing implants.
Interprofessional pain education: definitions, exemplars and future directions
Authors: Carr Eloise , Watt-Watson Judy 
Published: May 2012

Summary points 1 – 6 1. The management of pain frequently requires healthcare professionals (HCPs) to work together; thus, educational preparation should afford them opportunities to learn about the management of pain together. 2. Survey data suggest that most HCPs’ curricula do not provide opportunities for learners to come together to learn about pain and understand their professional roles. 3. Despite the growth of published evaluations of interprofessional education (IPE) and pain, the ability to draw firm conclusions has been hampered by the lack of methodological heterogeneity across studies. 4. New directions in IPE and pain include innovative pedagogical approaches, web-based learning, standardised patients and simulated learning. 5. Harnessing the political agenda can offer a valuable opportunity to raise the profile and prominence of pain education for HCPs.
Mannose receptor may be involved in small ruminant lentivirus pathogenesis
Authors: Crespo Helena , Jauregui Paula , Glaria Idoia , Sanjosé Leticia , Polledo Laura , García-Marín Juan F , Luján Lluís , de Andrés Damián , Amorena Beatriz , Reina Ramsés 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Thirty-one sheep naturally infected with small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV) of known genotype (A or B), and clinically affected with neurological disease, pneumonia or arthritis were used to analyse mannose receptor (MR) expression (transcript levels) and proviral load in virus target tissues (lung, mammary gland, CNS and carpal joints). Control sheep were SRLV-seropositive asymptomatic (n = 3), seronegative (n = 3) or with chronic listeriosis, pseudotuberculosis or parasitic cysts (n = 1 in each case). MR expression and proviral load increased with the severity of lesions in most analyzed organs of the SRLV infected sheep and was detected in the affected tissue involved in the corresponding clinical disease (CNS, lung and carpal joint in neurological disease, pneumonia and arthritis animal groups, respectively). The increased MR expression appeared to be SRLV specific and may have a role in lentiviral pathogenesis.