bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unifying the definitions of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy
Authors: Nashef Lina , So Elson L. , Ryvlin Philippe , Tomson Torbjörn 
Published: December 2011

SummarySudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is a category of death in people with epilepsy occurring in the absence of a known structural cause of death and is most likely heterogeneous with regard to mechanisms and circumstances. SUDEP is particularly difficult to investigate in research studies for several reasons, including its relatively low incidence, its unpredictable occurrence often in unwitnessed settings, and its low rate of complete autopsy examinations. Over the past two decades, two complementary definitions have been used in most SUDEP studies, but often with variations. We propose here a unified SUDEP definition and classification to resolve current ambiguities and to retrieve cases that would not have been further studied if the previous definitions were used. The proposed Unified SUDEP Definition and Classification contains, in addition to concepts inherent in the previous definitions, nine main recommendations. (1) The word “unexpected,” and not the word “unexplained,” should be uniformly used in the term SUDEP. (2) The SUDEP category should be applied when appropriate, whether or not a terminal seizure is known to have occurred. (3) The “Possible SUDEP” category should be used only for cases with competing causes of death, with cases left unclassified when data are insufficient to reasonably permit their classification. (4) Cases that would otherwise fulfill the definition of SUDEP should be designated as “SUDEP Plus” when evidence indicates that a preexisting condition, known before or after autopsy, could have contributed to the death, which otherwise is classified as SUDEP (e.g., coronary insufficiency with no evidence of myocardial infarction or long‐QT syndrome with no documented primary ventricular arrhythmia leading to death). (5) To be considered SUDEP, the death should have occurred within 1 h from the onset of a known terminal event. (6) For status epilepticus as an exclusion criterion for SUDEP, the duration of seizure activity should be 30 min or more. (7) A specific category of SUDEP due to asphyxia should not be designated, the distinction being largely impractical on circumstantial or autopsy evidence, with more than one mechanism likely to be contributory in many cases. (8) Death occurring in water but without circumstantial or autopsy evidence of submersion should be classified as “Possible SUDEP.” If any evidence of submersion is present, the death should not be classified as SUDEP. (9) A category of “Near‐SUDEP” should be agreed to include cases in which cardiorespiratory arrest was reversed by resuscitation efforts with subsequent survival for more than 1 h. Scenarios that demonstrate the basis for each SUDEP category are described. If disagreement exists about which category fits a particular case, we suggest the use of consensus decision by a panel of informed reviewers to adjudicate the classification of the case.
Ictal “hemiballic‐like” movement: Lateralizing and localizing value
Authors: Fluchère Frédérique , McGonigal Aileen , Villeneuve Nathalie , Chauvel Patrick , Bartolomei Fabrice 
Published: December 2011

SummaryWe aimed at determining the lateralizing and localizing values of “hemiballic‐like” ictal movements observed in some partial seizures. Among 20 patients disclosing ictal hyperkinetic features and explored by stereotactic‐EEG (SEEG), this sign was observed in four patients. In these cases, hemiballic movement was ipsilateral to the ictal‐onset zone and was associated with contralateral ictal dystonia. Noninvasive and subsequent invasive recording revealed seizure origin in the inferior parietal lobule or the parietal operculum in three patients and in the inferior prefrontal cortex in one.
Impact Assessment of Biodiversity and Carbon Pools from Land Use and Land Use Changes in Life Cycle Assessment, Exemplified with Forestry Operations in Norway
Authors: Michelsen Ottar , Cherubini Francesco , Strømman Anders Hammer 
Published: December 2011

SummaryThere is a strong need for methods within life cycle assessment (LCA) that enable the inclusion of all complex aspects related to land use and land use change (LULUC). This article presents a case study of the use of one hectare (ha) of forest managed for the production of wood for bioenergy production. Both permanent and temporary changes in above‐ground biomass are assessed together with the impact on biodiversity caused by LULUC as a result of forestry activities. The impact is measured as a product of time and area requirements, as well as by changes in carbon pools and impacts on biodiversity as a consequence of different management options. To elaborate the usefulness of the method as well as its dependency on assumptions, a range of scenarios are introduced in the study. The results show that the impact on climate change from LULUC dominates the results, compared to the impact from forestry operations. This clearly demonstrates the need to include LULUC in an LCA of forestry products. For impacts both on climate change and biodiversity, the results show large variability based on what assumptions are made; and impacts can be either positive or negative. Consequently, a mere measure of land used does not provide any meaning in LCA, as it is not possible to know whether this contributes a positive or negative impact.
K‐ras mutations are correlated to lymph node metastasis and tumor stage, but not to the growth pattern of colon carcinoma
Authors: MANNAN ABDUL , HAHN‐STRÖMBERG VICTORIA 
Published: December 2011

Mannan A, Hahn‐Strömberg V. K‐ras mutations are correlated to lymph node metastasis and tumor stage, but not to the growth pattern of colon carcinoma. APMIS 2012; 120: 459–68.In colorectal carcinoma, pathological assessment of tumors is essential for determining therapy and prognosis of the disease. Molecular associations of tumor complexity index and genetic alternations can be helpful to understand the tumor progression mechanism. Oncogenic K‐ras is one of the major colorectal cancer associated genes, and is mutated in up to 50% of colorectal cancers. In this current study, we correlated tumor complexity index with mutations in K‐ras codon 12, 13, and 61 in association with different clinicopathological parameters such as TNM stage, localization, sex, and age. Formalin‐fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks from colon cancer samples was selected from 88 patients diagnosed with adenocarcinoma. Mutations in the K‐ras gene were detected using pyrosequencing technique. Tumor complexity index was calculated using immunohistochemically stained images of the tumor outline of the specimens and then analyzing these pictures using Photoshop CS, Fovea Pro, and Image J computer programs. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS. K‐ras mutations were detected in 17 (19.3%) colon cancer samples. Most of the samples were at a lower complexity index. No correlation was observed between K‐ras mutations and complexity index. However, K‐ras mutations were correlated with regional lymph node metastasis and tumor stages and complexity index with tumor wall penetration. In conclusion, complexity index and K‐ras mutations are independent events; however, both correlate with tumor progression and are important in the biologic development of colon carcinoma.
Oral fluid and hepatitis A, B and C: A literature review
Authors: Mahboobi Nima , Porter Stephen R. , Karayiannis Peter , Alavian Seyed Moayed 
Published: December 2011

J Oral Pathol Med (2012) 41: 505–516Background and aims:  Viral hepatitis is a significant global health problem that, depending upon the virus, affects individuals of the developing and/or developed world. In recent years, there has been renewed interest in whether oral fluids can be considered as a source of viral hepatitis transmission and whether oral fluid, in particular, whole saliva, may be a useful source for viral detection as part of the diagnosis and monitoring of viral hepatitis. The aim of this article was to review current data concerning the possible carriage of the hepatitis A, B and C viruses within saliva and gingival crevicular fluid. Such knowledge will indicate if (i) oral fluid is a possible source of infection and (ii) whether oral fluid can be used for diagnosis and monitoring of viral hepatitis.Data and sources:  A literature search was conducted using PubMed (Medline), EMBASE/Excerpta medica, the Cochrane database and Scopus. The results were limited to published material after 2000. Relevant material was evaluated and reviewed.Conclusion:  There is some evidence that hepatitis viruses A, B and C are present in oral fluids, particularly whole saliva and gingival crevicular fluid and may thus be possible sources of viral detection in clinical diagnosis and monitoring. However, the data are inconsistent and warrant the need for well‐planned longitudinal studies to explore the precise frequency of oral carriage of such viruses and to determine the virological and host factors that may influence the oral presence of hepatitis A, B and C viruses.
Including the p53 ELAV‐like protein‐binding site in vector cassettes enhances transgene expression in rat submandibular gland
Authors: Zheng C , Baum BJ 
Published: December 2011

Oral Diseases (2012) 18, 477–484Objective:  ELAV‐like proteins regulate mRNA stability and/or translation. We evaluated whether inclusion of binding sites for ELAV‐like HuR proteins in vector cassettes could improve transgene expression in the salivary gland.Methods:  Western blots and immunofluorescence staining were used to determine whether HuR protein was expressed in salivary cells and tissue. HuR binding sites were inserted into the pACEF1α–luc‐BGH expression plasmid. Cell lines were transfected with plasmids in vitro and luciferase expression measured. Rat submandibular glands were transfected in vivo with plasmids containing ELAV‐like HuR protein‐binding sites. An adenoviral vector with p53 ELAV‐like HuR protein‐binding site was generated and also tested in vivo. Four unique 29mer HuR shRNA constructs were used in A5 cells to evaluate whether there was a specific interaction between HuR protein and the p53 HuR protein‐binding site.Results:  Salivary cells express HuR protein. Inclusion of the p53 ELAV‐like HuR protein‐binding site resulted in high luciferase activity in salivary cells in vitro, with similar results in vivo. In vitro shRNA data demonstrated that the high luciferase activity was mediated by the interaction between HuR protein and the p53 HuR protein‐binding site. The AdEF1α‐luc‐p53BGH, including this binding site, mediated very high luciferase activity, ∼4‐fold that seen with the CMV promoter, in rat submandibular glands.Conclusions:  Including the p53 ELAV‐like protein‐binding site in transgene cassettes may enhance therapeutic vectors intended for use with salivary glands.
Manualized Treatment Programs for FSD: Research Challenges and Recommendations
Authors: Hucker Alice , McCabe Marita P. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The use of manualized treatment programs offers a useful research framework for assessing psychotherapeutic interventions for female sexual dysfunctions (FSDs), but it does not address all issues related to methodological rigor and replication, and raises new research issues in need of discussion.

Aims
The goals of this manuscript are to review the literature on treatment trials utilizing manualized psychotherapy treatments for FSD and to explore the benefits and research issues associated with the flexible use of treatment manuals.

Methods
The method used was the review of the relevant literature.

Results
While the use of manualized treatments for FSDs can address certain methodological issues inherent in psychotherapy research, flexibility in manual administration is necessary in order to allow tailoring for individual needs that can be beneficial to both the participant and the research. The flexible use of manuals, as opposed to strict manual adherence, may also be more relevant for clinical utility.

Conclusions
In order to administer manualized treatments for FSDs with appropriate flexibility, while also maximizing internal validity and replicability, the authors recommend that predetermined decision rules be utilized to guide individual tailoring, that potential gaps in the manual be identified and addressed, and that differing levels of motivation and readiness for treatment be taken into consideration in the treatment protocol.
A Pivotal Role of Lumbar Spinothalamic Cells in the Regulation of Ejaculation via Intraspinal Connections
Authors: Staudt Michael D. , Truitt William A. , McKenna Kevin E. , de Oliveira Cleusa V.R. , Lehman Michael N. , Coolen Lique M. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT

Introduction
A population of lumbar spinothalamic cells (LSt cells) has been demonstrated to play a pivotal role in ejaculatory behavior and comprise a critical component of the spinal ejaculation generator. LSt cells are hypothesized to regulate ejaculation via their projections to autonomic and motor neurons in the lumbosacral spinal cord.

Aim
The current study tested the hypothesis that ejaculatory reflexes are dependent on LSt cells via projections within the lumbosacral spinal cord.

Methods
Male rats received intraspinal injections of neurotoxin saporin conjugated to substance P analog, previously shown to selectively lesion LSt cells. Two weeks later, males were anesthetized and spinal cords were transected. Subsequently, males were subjected to ejaculatory reflex paradigms, including stimulation of the dorsal penile nerve (DPN), urethrogenital stimulation or administration of D3 agonist 7-OH-DPAT. Electromyographic recordings of the bulbocavernosus muscle (BCM) were analyzed for rhythmic bursting characteristic of the expulsion phase of ejaculation. In addition, a fourth commonly used paradigm for ejaculation and erections in unanesthetized, spinal-intact male rats was utilized: the ex copula reflex paradigm.

Main Outcome Measures
LSt cell lesions were predicted to prevent rhythmic bursting of BCM following DPN, urethral, or pharmacological stimulation, and emissions in the ex copula paradigm. In contrast, LSt cell lesions were not expected to abolish erectile function as measured in the ex copula paradigm.

Results
LSt cell lesions prevented rhythmic contractions of the BCM induced by any of the ejaculatory reflex paradigms in spinalized rats. However, LSt cell lesions did not affect erectile function nor emissions determined in the ex copula reflex paradigm.

Conclusions
These data demonstrate that LSt cells are essential for ejaculatory, but not erectile reflexes, as previously reported for mating animals. Moreover, LSt cells mediate ejaculation via projections within the spinal cord, presumably to autonomic and motor neurons.
Belief Ascription and Context Dependence
Authors: Hunter David 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis article considers the question whether belief ascriptions exhibit context dependence. I first distinguish two potential forms of context dependence in belief ascription. Propositional context dependence (PCD) concerns what the subject believes, whereas attitudinal context dependence (ACD) concerns what it is to believe a proposition. I then discuss three potential sources of PCD and two potential sources of ACD. Given the nature of this article, my discussion will provide only an overview of these various forms and sources of context dependence. Along the way I will identify areas where continued research is needed.
Modernity, Technology and the Forms of Rationality
Authors: Feenberg Andrew 
Published: December 2011

AbstractModern societies are shaped to a significant extent by socially rational institutions, arrangements, and technologies. A purely functional understanding of these rationalized structures eliminates the element of meaning from social life. Ellul, Heidegger and the Frankfurt School focused on this impoverishment and associate it with the spread of technology. But recent technology studies offer a different perspective which can be joined to the formulation of the social critique in the writings of Herbert Marcuse.
Initial experience of video‐assisted thoracic surgery left upper sleeve lobectomy for lung cancer: Case report and literature review
Authors: Mei Jiandong , Pu Qiang , Liao Hu , Liu Lunxu 
Published: December 2011

AbstractVideo‐assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) sleeve lobectomy continues to represent a great challenge to thoracic surgeons. Herein we report what we believe to be the first case of thoracoscopic left upper sleeve lobectomy for lung cancer. A 61‐year‐old male patient with centrally located lung cancer of the left upper lobe was successfully treated by this minimally invasive technique. Based on the success of the operation, we believe that VATS left upper sleeve lobectomy is also feasible, however, surgical approaches and procedures still require further improvement.
Expression of nectin 3: Novel prognostic marker of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Maniwa Yoshimasa , Nishio Wataru , Okita Yutaka , Yoshimura Masahiro 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackground:  We investigated the prognostic significance of the immunoglobulin‐like cell adhesion molecule nectin‐3, a regulator of the formation of adherens junctions, in human lung adenocarcinoma.Methods:  Tumor‐tissue samples of 127 patients with surgically resected lung adenocarcinoma were used for analysis of the proteins expression by immunohistochemistry.Results:  Of the 127 patients, 25% showed membranous expression of nectin‐3, and others showed negative or cytoplasmic expression. Membranous expression of nectin‐3 was found to be a prognostic factor for decreased overall survival on univariate analysis (P = 0.001). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model analyses also revealed that membranous expression of nectin‐3 turned out to be an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.048). Moreover, in tumors expressing membranous nectin‐3, some tumors did not co‐localize with E‐cadherin, and the patients of such tumors showed poorer prognosis than other patients for overall survival on univariate analysis (P < 0.03). Conversely, membranous expression of nectin‐3 with E‐cadherin co‐localization was found to associate with good prognosis of patients.Conclusion:  Membranous expression of nectin‐3 was an independent prognostic factor of lung adenocarcinoma, and it might play an important role in progression of the tumor.
Ewing's sarcoma family of tumors originating in the main bronchus
Authors: Tane Shinya , Nishio Waratu , Hashimoto Shotaro , Hokka Daisuke , Maniwa Yoshimasa , Funada Yasuhiro , Kotani Yoshikazu , Hirai Chihoko , Ohbayashi Chiho , Yoshimura Masahiro 
Published: December 2011

AbstractEwing's sarcoma family tumors (ESFT), which include Ewing's sarcoma and primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET), have been reported to originate in a variety of sites, mostly in the extremities. Previous reports have shown ESFT originating in the thoracic region, such as chest wall and peripheral lung. We herein report the first case of the ESFT that originated in the main bronchus. Endobronchial snare resection was followed by five courses of chemotherapy (VDC‐IE; including vincristine, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide and etoposide) and sequential radiation. After the treatment, the patient's condition has improved, and he has remained disease‐free for the past year.
CAN FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS REDUCE ECONOMIC VULNERABILITY?
Authors: DICAPRIO ALISA , SANTOS‐PAULINO AMELIA U. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractFree trade agreements between countries at different ends of the development spectrum have become increasingly common over the past decade. The impact that this type of arrangement has on trade flows has been widely modelled; however, the extent to which it can be expected to affect economic vulnerability is an aspect that has largely been overlooked. Yet as the economic distance between negotiating partners widens, the likelihood that changes in trade flows will affect the economic structure of the less developed partner increase. This paper explores the components of two prominent highly asymmetric negotiations – the Dominican Republic – Central America Free Trade Agreement and the European Union – Caribbean Forum Economic Partnership Agreement – to assess the channels through which the resulting organisation of trade may impact the vulnerability profile of the developing country partners. We find that these FTAs have the potential to address economic vulnerability in the developing country partners in ways that would not be possible in their absence.
AN ASEAN–EU FTA, REGIONAL PRODUCTION SHARING, AND REGIONAL COHESION. FOCUS ON CAMBODIA, LAOS AND MYANMAR
Authors: CHEN LURONG , CUYVERS LUDO , LOMBAERDE PHILIPPE DE , KUSUMANINGTIAS WAHYU MUKTI 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis article focuses on the potential effects of an Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN)–European Union (EU) Free Trade Agreement (FTA) for Cambodia, Laos and Myanmar (C‐L‐M), the least developed economies of ASEAN. The authors explore how the particular structure of the ASEAN production sharing network might shed light on the transmission of effects. Gravity models for intra‐regional trade are estimated for that purpose. Whereas the existing computable general equilibrium (CGE) analyses consider C‐L‐M as one rest category, a country‐level analysis for the C‐L‐M countries is presented.It is shown that it is not straightforward that C‐L‐M would win from an ASEAN–EU FTA. At best, marginal absolute positive effects might be expected for the C‐L‐M economies. In relative terms, an FTA is not likely to contribute to more economic (and political?) cohesion in the region. It is therefore argued that it makes sense to (re‐) connect C‐L‐M to the negotiation process.
Serum Hemagglutination Inhibition Activity Correlates with Protection from Gastroenteritis in Persons Infected with Norwalk Virus
Authors: Czakó Rita , Atmar Robert L. , Opekun Antone R. , Gilger Mark A. , Graham David Y. , Estes Mary K. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT

A hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assay to assess serum antibody responses following Norwalk virus (NV) infection was developed. HAI activity increased significantly in individuals experimentally infected with NV (
n
= 18) and correlated with antibody levels measured in a histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) blocking assay. Prechallenge HAI antibody levels also correlated with protection from the development of gastroenteritis (Mann-Whitney test,
P
= 0.02). The HAI assay is another assay suitable for the detection of antibody that correlates with protection from Norwalk virus-associated disease.