bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric Respiratory Syncytial Virus Hospitalizations and Respiratory Support After the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Winthrop Zachary A. , Perez Jennifer M. , Staffa Steven J. , McManus Michael L. , Duvall Melody G. 
Published: June 2024

ImportanceAfter the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a surge of pediatric respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections, but national data on hospitalization and intensive care unit use and advanced respiratory support modalities have not been reported.ObjectiveTo analyze demographics, respiratory support modes, and clinical outcomes of children with RSV infections at tertiary pediatric hospitals from 2017 to 2023.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study evaluated children from 48 freestanding US children’s hospitals registered in the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database. Patients 5 years or younger with RSV from July 1, 2017, to June 30, 2023, were included. Each season was defined from July 1 to June 30. Prepandemic RSV seasons included 2017 to 2018, 2018 to 2019, and 2019 to 2020. The postpandemic season was delineated as 2022 to 2023.ExposureHospital presentation with RSV infection.Main Outcomes and MeasuresData on emergency department presentations, hospital or intensive care unit admission and length of stay, demographics, respiratory support use, mortality, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation were analyzed. Postpandemic season data were compared with prepandemic seasonal averages.ResultsA total of 288 816 children aged 5 years or younger (median [IQR] age, 8.9 [3.3-21.5] months; 159 348 [55.2%] male) presented to 48 US children’s hospitals with RSV from July 1, 2017, to June 30, 2023. Respiratory syncytial virus hospital presentations increased from 39 698 before the COVID-19 pandemic to 94 347 after the pandemic (P &amp;lt; .001), with 86.7% more hospitalizations than before the pandemic (50 619 vs 27 114; P &amp;lt; .001). In 2022 to 2023, children were older (median [IQR] age, 11.3 [4.1-26.6] months vs 6.8 [2.6-16.8] months; P &amp;lt; .001) and had fewer comorbidities (17.6% vs 21.8% of hospitalized patients; P &amp;lt; .001) than during prepandemic seasons. Advanced respiratory support use increased 70.1% in 2022 to 2023 (9094 vs 5340; P &amp;lt; .001), and children requiring high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) or noninvasive ventilation (NIV) were older than during prepandemic seasons (median [IQR] age for HFNC, 6.9 [2.7-16.0] months vs 4.6 [2.0-11.7] months; for NIV, 6.0 [2.1-16.5] months vs 4.3 [1.9-11.9] months). Comorbid conditions were less frequent after the pandemic across all respiratory support modalities (HFNC, 14.9% vs 19.1%, NIV, 22.0% vs 28.5%, invasive mechanical ventilation, 30.5% vs 38.0%; P &amp;lt; .001).Conclusions and RelevanceThis cross-sectional study identified a postpandemic pediatric RSV surge that resulted in markedly increased hospital volumes and advanced respiratory support needs in older children with fewer comorbidities than prepandemic seasons. These clinical trends may inform novel vaccine allocation to reduce the overall burden during future RSV seasons.
Accelerating the Rate‐Determining Steps of Sulfur Conversion Reaction for Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries Working at an Ultrawide Temperature Range
Authors: Deng Ding‐Rong , Xiong Hai‐Ji , Luo Yu‐Lin , Yu Kai‐Min , Weng Jian‐Chun , Li Gui‐Fang , Lei Jie , Li Yi , Zheng Ming‐Sen , Wu Qi‐Hui 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWide operation temperature is the crucial objective for an energy storage system that can be applied under harsh environmental conditions. For lithium‐sulfur batteries, the “shuttle effect” of polysulfide intermediates will aggravate with the temperature increasing, while the reaction kinetics decreases sharply as the temperature decreasing. In particular, sulfur reaction mechanism at low temperatures seems to be quite different from that at room temperature. Here, through in situ Raman and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies, the newly emerged platform at cryogenic temperature corresponds to the reduction process of Li2S8 to Li2S4, which will be another rate‐determining step of sulfur conversion reaction, in addition to the solid‐phase conversion process of Li2S4 to Li2S2/Li2S at low temperatures. Porous bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) spheres are designed as sulfur host material, which achieve the rapid snap‐transfer‐catalytic process by shortening lithium‐ion transport pathway and accelerating the targeted rate‐determining steps. Such promoting effect greatly inhibits severe “shuttle effect” at high temperatures and simultaneously improves sulfur conversion efficiency in the cryogenic environment. The cell with the porous BiVO4 spheres as the host exhibits excellent rate capability and cycle performance under wide working temperatures.
Nature‐Inspired Superhydrophilic Biosponge as Structural Beneficial Platform for Sweating Analysis Patch
Authors: Ding Hanlin , Yang Hao , Tsujimura Seiya 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPerspiration plays a pivotal role not only in thermoregulation but also in reflecting the body's internal state and its response to external stimuli. The up‐to‐date skin‐based wearable platforms have facilitated the monitoring and simultaneous analysis of sweat, offering valuable physiological insights. Unlike conventional passive sweating, dynamic normal perspiration, which occurs during various activities and rest periods, necessitates a more reliable method of collection to accurately capture its real‐time fluctuations. An innovative microfluidic patch incorporating a hierarchical superhydrophilic biosponge, poise to significantly improve the efficiency capture of dynamic sweat is introduced. The seamlessly integrated biosponge microchannel showcases exceptional absorption capabilities, efficiently capturing non‐sensitive sweat exuding from the skin surface, mitigating sample loss and minimizing sweat volatilization. Furthermore, the incorporation of sweat‐rate sensors alongside a suite of functional electrochemical sensors endows the patch of uninterrupted monitoring and analysis of dynamic sweat during various activities, stress events, high‐energy intake, and other scenarios.
Accelerated Conversion of Polysulfides for Ultra Long‐Cycle of Li‐S Battery at High‐Rate over Cooperative Cathode Electrocatalyst of Ni0.261Co0.739S2/N‐Doped CNTs
Authors: Ji Junhyuk , Park Minseon , Kim Minho , Kang Song Kyu , Park Gwan Hyeon , Maeng Junbeom , Ha Jungseub , Seo Min Ho , Kim Won Bae 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDespite the very high theoretical energy density, Li‐S batteries still need to fundamentally overcome the sluggish redox kinetics of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and low sulfur utilization that limit the practical applications. Here, highly active and stable cathode, nitrogen‐doped porous carbon nanotubes (NPCTs) decorated with NixCo1‐xS2 nanocrystals are systematically synthesized as multi‐functional electrocatalytic materials. The nitrogen‐doped carbon matrix can contribute to the adsorption of LiPSs on heteroatom active sites with buffering space. Also, both experimental and computation‐based theoretical analyses validate the electrocatalytic principles of co‐operational facilitated redox reaction dominated by covalent‐site‐dependent mechanism; the favorable adsorption‐interaction and electrocatalytic conversion of LiPSs take place subsequently by weakening sulfur‐bond strength on the catalytic NiOh2+−S−CoOh2+ backbones via octahedral TM‐S (TM = Ni, Co) covalency‐relationship, demonstrating that fine tuning of CoOh2+ sites by NiOh2+ substitution effectively modulates the binding energies of LiPSs on the NixCo1‐xS2@NPCTs surface. Noteworthy, the Ni0.261Co0.739S2@NPCTs catalyst shows great cyclic stability with a capacity of up to 511 mAh g−1 and only 0.055% decay per cycle at 5.0 C during 1000 cycles together with a high areal capacity of 2.20 mAh cm−2 under 4.61 mg cm−2 sulfur loading even after 200 cycles at 0.2 C. This strategy highlights a new perspective for achieving high‐energy‐density Li‐S batteries.
Investigating historical drivers of latitudinal gradients in polyploid plant biogeography: A multiclade perspective
Authors: Hagen Eric R. , Vasconcelos Thais , Boyko James D. , Beaulieu Jeremy M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPremiseThe proportion of polyploid plants in a community increases with latitude, and different hypotheses have been proposed about which factors drive this pattern. Here, we aimed to understand the historical causes of the latitudinal polyploidy gradient using a combination of ancestral state reconstruction methods. Specifically, we assessed whether (1) polyploidization enables movement to higher latitudes (i.e., polyploidization precedes occurrences in higher latitudes) or (2) higher latitudes facilitate polyploidization (i.e., occurrence in higher latitudes precedes polyploidization).MethodsWe reconstructed the ploidy states and ancestral niches of 1032 angiosperm species at four paleoclimatic time slices ranging from 3.3 million years ago to the present, comprising taxa from four well‐represented clades: Onagraceae, Primulaceae, Solanum (Solanaceae), and Pooideae (Poaceae). We used ancestral niche reconstruction models alongside a customized discrete character evolution model to allow reconstruction of states at specific time slices. Patterns of latitudinal movement were reconstructed and compared in relation to inferred ploidy shifts.ResultsNo single hypothesis applied equally well across all analyzed clades. While significant differences in median latitudinal occurrence were detected in the largest clade, Poaceae, no significant differences were detected in latitudinal movement in any clade.ConclusionsOur preliminary study is the first to attempt to connect ploidy changes to continuous latitudinal movement, but we cannot favor one hypothesis over another. Given that patterns seem to be clade‐specific, more clades must be analyzed in future studies for generalities to be drawn.
Aspirin therapy is associated with a lower risk of pregnancy loss in both JAK2‐ and CALR‐mutated essential thrombocythemia—A Mayo Clinic study of 200 pregnancies
Authors: Gangat Naseema , Singh Amritpal , Ilyas Rimal , Loscocco Giuseppe Gaetano , Elliott Michelle , Begna Kebede , Pardanani Animesh , Tefferi Ayalew 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTwo‐hundred pregnancies involving 100 women with essential thrombocythemia (ET) were accessed from Mayo Clinic databases (1990–2023). Median platelet count displayed a decline during pregnancy, nadiring at 48% of baseline, in the third trimester: 704–369 × 109/L. Live birth rate was 72%. Of 53 (27%) unintentional pregnancy losses, 48 (24%) occurred in the first trimester. Other fetal complications included preterm birth 3%, intrauterine growth retardation 3%, and stillbirth 1%. Maternal complications included major hemorrhage (7%), preeclampsia (6%), thrombosis (1%), and placental abruption (0.5%). Antepartum management included no specific therapy in 52 (26%), aspirin alone in 112 (56%), aspirin combined with cytoreductive drugs or systemic anticoagulants in 23 (12%), and other permutations in the remaining. Postpartum systemic anticoagulation was documented in 29 (15%) pregnancies. Unintentional first‐trimester loss was predicted by prior fetal loss (43% vs. 18%; p < .01), diabetes mellitus (DM; 67% vs. 23%; p = .02), and absence of aspirin therapy (45% vs. 14%; p < .01); the salutary effect of aspirin therapy was independent of the other two risk factors and apparent in both high (presence of ≥1 risk factor; 33% vs. 61%; p = .07) and low (absence of both risk factors; 10% vs. 34%; p < .01) risk scenarios. The benefit of aspirin therapy, in preventing first‐trimester loss, was significant in both JAK2‐mutated (18% vs. 50%; p < .01) and CALR‐mutated (8% vs. 43%; p < .01) cases. Aspirin use was also associated with a lower risk of venous thrombosis (0% vs. 3%; p = .03). By contrast, the use of systemic anticoagulation, antepartum or postpartum, did not influence fetal or maternal complication rates. CALR mutation and DM predicted maternal hemorrhage (13% vs. 4%; p = .05) and preeclampsia (33% vs. 5%; p = .03), respectively. The current study demonstrates the protective role of aspirin in preventing first‐trimester loss in ET, independent of driver mutation status or other risk factors.
Bidentate Coordination Structure Facilitates High‐Voltage and High‐Utilization Aqueous Zn−I2 Batteries
Authors: Wang Mingming , Meng Yahan , Sajid Muhammad , Xie Zehui , Tong Peiyan , Ma Zhentao , Zhang Kai , Shen Dongyang , Luo Ruihao , Song Li , Wu Lihui , Zheng Xusheng , Li Xiangyang , Chen Wei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe aqueous zinc‐iodine battery is a promising energy storage device, but the conventional two‐electron reaction potential and energy density of the iodine cathode are far from meeting practical application requirements. Given that iodine is rich in redox reactions, activating the high‐valence iodine cathode reaction has become a promising research direction for developing high‐voltage zinc‐iodine batteries. In this work, by designing a multifunctional electrolyte additive trimethylamine hydrochloride (TAH), a stable high‐valence iodine cathode in four‐electron‐transfer I−/I2/I+ reactions with a high theoretical specific capacity is achieved through a unique amine group, Cl bidentate coordination structure of (TA)ICl. Characterization techniques such as synchrotron radiation, in situ Raman spectra, and DFT calculations are used to verify the mechanism of the stable bidentate structure. This electrolyte additive stabilizes the zinc anode by promoting the desolvation process and shielding mechanism, enabling the zinc anode to cycle steadily at a maximum areal capacity of 57 mAh cm−2 with 97 % zinc utilization rate. Finally, the four‐electron‐transfer aqueous Zn−I2 full cell achieves 5000 stable cycles at an N/P ratio of 2.5. The unique bidentate coordination structure contributes to the further development of high‐valence and high capacity aqueous zinc‐iodine batteries.
Airway fire with use of diathermy in conjunction with high‐flow nasal oxygen
Authors: Aldridge M. 
Published: June 2024

SummaryOperating theatre fires are rare but can result in significant morbidity. A 76‐year‐old male with complex airway disease sustained superficial facial burns during an elective airway debulking procedure. His airway was being managed with high‐flow nasal oxygen at 70 l.min−1 and FiO2 1.0 delivered by Optiflow™ (Fisher and Paykel Healthcare Limited, Auckland, New Zealand). When suction monopolar diathermy was used to excise hyperkeratotic tissue beside his epiglottis, an arc was created to the tip of the suspension laryngoscope, followed by a jet of flame as the Optiflow circuit ignited. This resulted in burns to the patient's face and shoulder. He required admission to the intensive care unit and had a complicated postoperative course that included the need for surgical tracheostomy to facilitate weaning from mechanical ventilation. This case highlights the dangers of using high‐flow nasal oxygen alongside an ignition source.
Mitigation of experimental ER stress and diabetes mellitus induced peripheral neuropathy by autophagy promoter, 6‐BIO
Authors: Jaiswar Praveen , Bhate Mitali , Surolia Avadhesha 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNeuropathy occurs due to damage to the peripheral/central nervous system either due to injury, disease, or drug usage. Increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is observed in neuropathy. ER stress also leads to a block in autophagy amplifying neuropathic pain. 6‐Bromoindirubin‐3′‐oxime (6‐BIO) is an inhibitor of GSK‐3β which suppresses mTOR activity thereby increasing autophagy. Tunicamycin (TM)‐mediated ER stress and diabetic rat models were used to elucidate the role of ER stress and autophagy in mitigation of neuropathic pain by 6‐BIO. Pain was assessed by behavioral studies in ER stressed/diabetic rats having neuropathy. Western blotting, RT‐PCR, and fluorescence microscopy were used to assess the level of autophagy and ER stress after TM and 6‐BIO treatment in SH‐SY5Y neurons. Intraplantar injection of TM in rats led to peripheral neuropathy which was reduced upon 6‐BIO injection. 6‐BIO also reduced pain in animals exhibiting diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Modulation in the markers of autophagy (p‐mTOR, LC‐3, and SQSTM1/p62) shows that 6‐BIO induces autophagolysosome formation post TM treatment. Concomitantly, 6‐BIO reduces ER stress and c‐Fos expression—a neuronal activity and pain marker. Alleviation of pain by the inhibition of ER stress and increased formation of autolysosomes by 6‐BIO can be harnessed for treating peripheral neuropathy.
Emerging technologies in dermatopathology
Authors: Goldust Mohamad , Cockerell Clay J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveAdvancements in technology have had a major impact on dermatopathology, leading to changes in diagnostic approaches and patient care. This review examines the latest developments that have significantly altered the landscape of dermatopathology.MethodsThe study uses a comprehensive literature review and analysis to examine innovative technologies that are shaping the practice of dermatopathology. Key focus areas include artificial intelligence (AI), digital pathology, advanced imaging techniques, and molecular diagnostics.ResultsThe review highlights the key role of AI in optimizing diagnostic processes and improving accuracy through pattern recognition and data analysis. Digital pathology is shown to facilitate seamless collaboration, remote consultation, and enhanced accessibility to diagnostic expertise. Advanced imaging techniques enable a deeper understanding of tissue morphology and cellular structures, while molecular diagnostics offer insights into genetic and molecular alterations underlying skin diseases.ConclusionThe integration of these cutting‐edge technologies introduces a new era in dermatopathology, enabling clinicians to achieve greater precision in diagnosis and treatment selection. By using the power of AI, digital pathology, advanced imaging, and molecular diagnostics, dermatopathologists can tailor personalized treatment strategies, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular health: Evidence of causal relationships in a European ancestry population
Authors: Ruan Weiqiang , Zhou Xiaoqin , Li Jing , Liu Huizhen , Wang Ting , Zhang Guiying , Lin Ke 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimsType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, but whether T2DM directly causes adverse cardiac remodelling is uncertain. We performed a comprehensive Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the causal relevance of T2DM to CVD outcomes and cardiac structure/function.Methods and resultsBidirectional two‐sample MR was conducted using summary‐level data from European‐ancestry genome‐wide association studies. The T2DM GWAS data included 80 154 cases and 853 816 controls from the DIAGRAM consortium. Outcomes included coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and various quantitative cardiac imaging traits assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. MR analysis revealed causal associations between genetic predisposition to T2DM and increased risk of CAD (odds ratio [OR] 1.104, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.078–1.130, P = 2.59e‐16), MI (OR 1.129, 95% CI 1.094–1.166, P = 6.02e‐14) and stroke (OR 1.086, 95% CI 1.064–1.109, P = 1.02e‐14). These associations were validated in the FinnGen cohort (CAD: OR 1.117, 95% CI 1.075–1.158, P = 1.56e‐9; MI: OR 1.132, 95% CI 1.083–1.184, P = 4.27e‐8; stroke: OR 1.138, 95% CI 1.107–1.170, P = 3.52e‐20). Multivariable MR show consistent findings (CAD: OR 1.063, 95% CI 1.031–1.097, P = 1.11e‐4; MI: OR 1.088, 95% CI 1.042–1.135, P = 1.12e‐4; stroke: OR 1.066, 95% CI 1.032–1.101, P = 1.18e‐4) after adjusting for cardiometabolic traits. T2DM was causally associated with higher left ventricular mass index (β = 0.473, 95% CI 0.193 to 0.752, P = 0.001), lower indexed right atrial minimum (β = −0.048, 95% CI −0.073 to −0.022, P = 2.1e‐5), and maximum (β = −0.042, 95% CI −0.065 to −0.019, P = 4.12e‐5) areas. The effects on right atrial size remained significant after adjusting for risk factors (minimum area: β = −0.041, 95% CI −0.072 to −0.010, P = 0.009; maximum area: β = −0.039, 95% CI −0.069 to −0.008, P = 0.012). Both apolipoprotein A1 and SBP are important mediators in the causal relationship between T2DM and left ventricular mass index. No reverse causal associations were identified.ConclusionsOur MR study demonstrates that genetic liability to T2DM plays causal roles in CAD, MI, stroke, and cardiac structure changes including left ventricular hypertrophy and reduced right atrial dimensions. These findings provide genetic evidence supporting glycaemic control in T2DM to mitigate cardiovascular complications and adverse cardiac remodelling.
Neuroendocrine tumor of the liver in pregnancy: A very rare case report
Authors: Lasmi Ramya , Bansal Ramandeep , Suri Vanita , Das Chandan Krushna , Kundu Reetu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNeuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) of the liver represent a rare entity. Amongst this group of uncommon diseases primary hepatic neuroendocrine neoplasm (PH‐NEN) represent only 0.3% of all NENs. Moreover, PH‐NEN has very rarely been reported in pregnancy. We report a 28‐year‐old young patient with metastatic small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the liver complicated with pregnancy. She was evaluated and managed through a multidisciplinary team approach and received two cycles of chemotherapy with a cisplatin/etoposide regimen during the antenatal period and delivered at 37 weeks period of gestation (POG). This case highlights the importance of major challenges faced during the diagnosis and management of this very rare disease in pregnancy and the successful fetomaternal outcome.
JCVI: A versatile toolkit for comparative genomics analysis
Authors: Tang Haibao , Krishnakumar Vivek , Zeng Xiaofei , Xu Zhougeng , Taranto Adam , Lomas Johnathan S. , Zhang Yixing , Huang Yumin , Wang Yibin , Yim Won Cheol , Zhang Jisen , Zhang Xingtan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe life cycle of genome builds spans interlocking pillars of assembly, annotation, and comparative genomics to drive biological insights. While tools exist to address each pillar separately, there is a growing need for tools to integrate different pillars of a genome project holistically. For example, comparative approaches can provide quality control of assembly or annotation; genome assembly, in turn, can help to identify artifacts that may complicate the interpretation of genome comparisons. The JCVI library is a versatile Python‐based library that offers a suite of tools that excel across these pillars. Featuring a modular design, the JCVI library provides high‐level utilities for tasks such as format parsing, graphics generation, and manipulation of genome assemblies and annotations. Supporting genomics algorithms like MCscan and ALLMAPS are widely employed in building genome releases, producing publication‐ready figures for quality assessment and evolutionary inference. Developed and maintained collaboratively, the JCVI library emphasizes quality and reusability.