bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental system analysis on formic acid synthesis from captured CO2 and green H2 using life cycle assessment methodology
Authors: Suzuki K , Suzuki Y , Miao S , Dowaki K 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Hydrogen (H2) is highly promising as an alternative energy source because it does not emit CO2 when used; thus, H2 utilization is a potential solution to fossil fuel depletion and global warming. In our previous studies, green H2 was developed through biomass pyrolysis. Meanwhile, the development of carbon dioxide capture utilization technologies to recycle CO2 gas from fossil fuel is being considered. Moreover, formic acid (FA) synthesis is among the candidate procedures for utilizing captured CO2. FA is a vital chemical substance with numerous industrial applications. As the simplest carboxylic acid, FA produces various chemical products. The demand for FA will continue to increase, mainly due to recent technological advancements in fuel cells and renewable energy. The primary pathway for FA synthesis involves the hydrolysis of fossil fuel–derived formic acid methyl. In this study, we investigated FA synthesis using CO2 from fossil fuel and green H2 from biomass as raw materials. Subsequently, we evaluated the environmental impact of the synthesized FA compared with the conventional fossil fuel–derived FA by applying the life cycle assessment methodology. The evaluation focuses on Japan, aiming to reduce environmental impact as an evaluation metric while considering the constraints on CO2 emissions and H2 production scale. Furthermore, we sought to identify the conditions that would reduce the environmental impact of FA synthesis.
Seismic performance analysis and control method of composite coupled shear wall with steel plate-fiber reinforced concrete coupling beams
Authors: Xia Yangyang , Shen Chenming , Xia Yuanyuan , Yang Haizeng , Wang Youchun , Tian Jianbo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This paper based on the study of steel plate-fiber reinforced concrete coupling beam components, designs a basic model of composite coupled shear walls with steel plate-fiber reinforced concrete coupling beams. The seismic performance of this model was numerically simulated using the ABAQUS finite element software, analyzing the stress distribution of various parts and the development pattern of plastic hinges in the structure. It also examines how factors such as axial compression ratio, coupling beam cross-sectional dimensions, single-sided wall limb aspect ratio, and total floor height affect the seismic performance of this type of coupled shear wall, providing a reasonable range for axial compression ratios and coupling ratios for composite coupled shear walls with steel plate-fiber reinforced concrete coupling beams. Based on the obtained reasonable axial compression ratio and coupling ratio, and using the analytical solution of the continuum method, a method for controlling the seismic performance of coupled shear wall structures was proposed. Results show that the composite coupled shear walls with steel plate-fiber reinforced concrete coupling beams exhibit high load-bearing capacity and lateral stiffness under inverted triangular horizontal loads, with good displacement ductility and strong energy dissipation capability, making it an excellent seismic performance coupled shear wall system. As the axial compression ratio increases, the displacement corresponding to the yield point and peak point of the structure gradually decreases, and the displacement ductility coefficient shows a trend of first increasing and then decreasing; it is recommended that when designing steel plate-fiber reinforced concrete coupling beam-coupled shear walls, the axial compression ratio should not exceed 0.3. Numerical analysis of coupling ratio-related parameters indicates that in high-intensity seismic design areas, the range of coupling ratios should be between 45% and 60%.
Towards interpretable quantum machine learning via single-photon quantum walks
Authors: Flamini Fulvio , Krumm Marius , Fiderer Lukas J , Müller Thomas , Briegel Hans J 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Variational quantum algorithms represent a promising approach to quantum machine learning where classical neural networks are replaced by parametrized quantum circuits. However, both approaches suffer from a clear limitation, that is a lack of interpretability. Here, we present a variational method to quantize projective simulation (PS), a reinforcement learning model aimed at interpretable artificial intelligence. Decision making in PS is modeled as a random walk on a graph describing the agent’s memory. To implement the quantized model, we consider quantum walks of single photons in a lattice of tunable Mach–Zehnder interferometers trained via variational algorithms. Using an example from transfer learning, we show that the quantized PS model can exploit quantum interference to acquire capabilities beyond those of its classical counterpart. Finally, we discuss the role of quantum interference for training and tracing the decision making process, paving the way for realizations of interpretable quantum learning agents.
Effect of molecular rotation and concentration on the adsorption of pentacene molecules on two-dimensional monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Black E , Morbec J M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Heterostructures composed of pentacene (PEN) molecules and transition metal dichalchogenides (TMDs) are promising materials for small, flexible and lightweight photovoltaic devices and various other optoelectronic applications. The effects of changing concentration and orientation of adsorbed PEN molecules on two-dimensional monolayer substrates of TMDs, namely MoS2, MoSe2, WS2 and WSe2, were investigated using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory. We examined the structural and electronic properties of the corresponding PEN/TMD heterostructures and compared these between differing PEN concentrations and the orientations of PEN with respect to the underlying substrate crystal structure. We analyze the band alignment of the heterostructures and demonstrate a concentration-dependent staggered-to-straddling (typeII-I) band gap transition in PEN/MoSe2.
Sandwich probe temperature sensor based on In2O3-IZO thin film for ultra-high temperatures
Authors: Fan Xu , Tian Bian , Shi Meng , Zhang Zhongkai , Liu Zhaojun , Zhou Guoliang , Liu Jiangjiang , Li Le , Lin Qijing , Jiang Zhuangde 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
High-temperature thin-film thermocouples (TFTCs) have attracted significant attention in the aerospace and steel metallurgy industry. However, previous studies on TFTCs have primarily focused on the two-dimensional planar-type, whose thermal sensitive area has to be perpendicular to the test environment, and therefore affects the thermal fluids pattern or loses accuracy. In order to address this problem, recent studies have developed three-dimensional probe-type TFTCs, which can be set parallel to the test environment. Nevertheless, the probe-type TFTCs are limited by their measurement threshold and poor stability at high temperatures. To address these issues, in this study, we propose a novel probe-type TFTC with a sandwich structure. The sensitive layer is compounded with indium oxide doped zinc oxide and fabricated using screen-printing technology. With the protection of sandwich structure on electrode film, the sensor demonstrates robust high-temperature stability, enabling continuous working at 1200 °C above 5 h with a low drift rate of 2.3 °C·h−1. This sensor exhibits a high repeatability of 99.3% when measuring a wide range of temperatures, which is beyond the most existing probe-type TFTCs reported in the literature. With its excellent high-temperature performance, this temperature sensor holds immense potentials for enhancing equipment safety in the aerospace engineering and ensuring product quality in the steel metallurgy industry.
Phosphorene nanoribbon field effect transistor with a dual material gate
Authors: Owlia Hadi , Nasrollahnejad Mohammad Bagher , Fazli Roohallah 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we present a dual-material gate phosphorene nanoribbon field-effect transistor (DMG-PNRFET) that combines the advantages of a PNRFET with a DMG configuration. In this structure, the difference in the work function creates an extra barrier for band-to-band tunneling from the valence band (VB) to the conduction band (CB) inside the channel leading to lower off-currents. An illustration for transmission coefficients with relevant band diagrams is included to demonstrate energy-resolved current spectrum and tunneling emissions within the transport window for both on and off-states. Results also show that DMG-PNRFET possesses a higher ION/IOFF ratio, delay, and power delay product (PDP) compared to a conventional PNRFET. Hence, the DMG-PNRFET is better suited for digital applications. Our simulations rely on combining the density functional-based tight binding method with the non-equilibrium Green’s function.
A country-level primary-final-useful (CL-PFU) energy and exergy database: overview of its construction and 1971–2020 world-level efficiency results
Authors: E Brockway Paul , Kuperus Heun Matthew , Marshall Zeke , Aramendia Emmanuel , Steenwyk Paul , Relph Thomas , Widjanarko Michelle , (James) Kim Jeonghoo , Sainju Anjana , Irtube Julian 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Societal exergy analysis examines the flows of energy and exergy through societies, from primary (e.g. oil) to final (e.g. gasoline) to useful (e.g. propulsion) energy stages. By extending the study of energy to the useful stage, new insights into the under-represented role of energy in economic growth have been made. However, currently (a) country coverage is patchy and incomplete, (b) available data are based on varying methods and assumptions including efficiencies based on economic rather than engineering data, and (c) datasets are constructed using piecemeal computational approaches. To address these gaps, we construct a country-level primary-final-useful (CL-PFU) energy and exergy database for the period 1960–2020, containing country-level data created by a consistent physical approach, covering 152 individual countries and 3 rest of world regions, 7 aggregate and 46 detailed sub-sectors, 68 final energy products, and 85 final-to-useful (FU) energy conversion devices. This paper (a) provides details of CL-PFU database construction and its input datasets and (b) gives world-level primary-final-useful energy, exergy, and efficiency results for 1971–2020. We find that whilst world efficiency (including animal and human muscle work) has decreased over primary-to-final stages from 79% to 72% for energy and from 79% to 70% for exergy, there has been a much larger increase in world FU efficiency, which has grown from 37% to 65% in energy terms and from 15% to 23% in exergy terms. This large rise in FU efficiency leads to much larger gains in useful energy (3.71 × 1971 value) and useful exergy (3.20 × 1971 value) than at primary (2.33 × 1971 value) or final (2.10 × 1971 value) stages. Muscle work contributes only a small (less than 10%, and declining) share at primary, final, and useful energy stages.
Introduction
Authors: Torrengo Giuliano 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this introductory chapter, the author lays the groundwork by presenting key terminology and fundamental concepts featured throughout the book. The chapter delineates the distinction between cogent and interpretational phenomenology, highlighting the difference between a detailed, attentive phenomenology and a more ambiguous, indeterminate one. The utilization of experience-based claims is introduced as a methodological tool for indirectly but purposefully describing experiences. Examples of such claims include ‘The fork fell from the table to the floor’, ‘the smell of burnt pizza is going away’, ‘I can see what is happening now in the garden’, and ‘the thunder followed the lightning flash’. Additionally, the chapter explores the principle of temporal transparency and its correlation with phenomenal objectivity. It also delves into the notion of certain aspects within our phenomenology being overarching, engaging indirectly with times different from their current occurrence. Finally, the chapter concludes with an overview of the core principles of the atomist dynamic model, offering readers a guide to navigate subsequent chapters.
Change and movement
Authors: Torrengo Giuliano 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this chapter, the author explores the characterization of our phenomenology through experience-based claims centred on change and movement. The chapter introduces a taxonomy illustrating various temporal elements presented within the pure-qualitative spectrum, ranging from ‘change’ at the qualitative end to ‘passage’ at the pure end. Critique is directed towards two opposing views: the snapshot views, positing non-temporally extended experiences or contents; and the specious present views, suggesting temporally extended experiential contents or experiences themselves. Ultimately, the author defends the atomist dynamic model—a framework associating the phenomenology of change and motion with detection systems presenting dynamically evolving properties. These properties encompass movement and change, encapsulated within temporally undivided experiences.
The outer flow and the inner flow
Authors: Torrengo Giuliano 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this chapter, the author investigates the structure of phenomenological time examining its dual nature as an outer flow, wherein the external world unfolds before us, and encapsulating personal sensations and thoughts. The author scrutinizes the phenomenology of having one experience after another and distinguishing it from other temporal phenomenal characters such as change, duration, and continuity. He then argues that even though the flow of experience is often described as smooth, we do not experience the temporal dimension as a continuous series of locations and gives reasons to believe that experience is not just discontinuous, but also constituted by disunified flows. Finally, the author discusses the roles that thoughts play in our inner life by introducing and articulating the idea of narrative cognition.
How Identity Works
Authors: Darby Derrick , Martinez Eduardo J 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Breaking free from identities that are too tightly scripted, and avoiding the identity trouble associated with this phenomenon, requires a deeper understanding of how identities work. This chapter provides this understanding by drawing on a taxonomy from Kwame Anthony Appiah that describes three core practices around which identities take shape. This taxonomy is used to demonstrate that collective identities are dynamic and complex. Identity group members will be situated differently based on variation in labeling, identification, and treatment-as practices. The intragroup heterogeneity that results from this variation poses challenges for the collective pursuit of life-shaping projects. But it also provides opportunities for collective self-authorship which is vital for making identities safe for democratic accountability.
Holy Things
Authors: McGovern Nathan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Scholars of religion have increasingly rejected the model of religious syncretism, in which apparent deviations from normative practice are explained as the result of a mixture of religions. Nevertheless, there are aspects of Thai Buddhist practice that still stubbornly appear syncretistic, such as the worship of particular Buddha images for mundane boons in the same way as gods and spirits. Moreover, increasingly Thai Buddhists themselves are adopting the language of syncretism, referring to traditional Thai religion as a mixture of local, Hindu, and Buddhist practices. This raises the question: If syncretism is so wrong, then why does it seem so right? Holy Things answers this question through an in-depth study of the worship of spirits, gods, and Buddha images—all known as sing saksit, or “holy things”—in Thailand. It shows that what appears to be syncretism is actually an illusion created by an array of historically transforming and interacting discourses: Pali Buddhist, Sanskritic Hindu, and the modern discourse of religion. Holy Things thus explains not only why a stubborn case of apparent syncretism is actually not so, but also why syncretism seems so appealing in the first place.
The Genealogy of the Sacred
Authors: McGovern Nathan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the discourse out of which the concept of saksit arises. It argues that the Thai word saksit meant something quite different prior to its modern use in translating the Western concept of “holy.” The chapter traces the genealogy of the word saksit in premodern Siamese literature. Prior to the modern colonial encounter, saksit was used to refer to the power possessed by supernatural beings that was also accessible to Brahmans through their specialized forms of knowledge (veda and āgama). As such, it was part of a broader discourse of saiyasāt, which referred to Brahmanism and was juxtaposed with phutthasāt, or Buddhism. While most of the vocabulary of saiyasāt was used in the nineteenth century to translate Western concepts associated with “magic,” saksit was idiosyncratically used to translate the concept of “holy,” thus placing it in the realm of religion.
The European Union’s Demoicratic Legislature
Authors: van den Brink Martijn 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Assuming that the European Union (EU) legislative process lacks democratic legitimacy, legal scholars have argued that the EU should ideally exercise its authority through the judicial process. This chapter argues, instead, that the value of political legitimacy militates in favour of judicial deference to legislation. It explains why the justification of political authority is a normative and not a sociological or legal question and then argues that the proper content of this normative conception of legitimacy is input-oriented instead of output-oriented. More specifically, it elaborates a demoicratic conception of political legitimacy according to which the national peoples must have shared and equal control over the EU. It shows, finally, that the legislature has greater demoicratic legitimacy than the judiciary, thereby providing a strong justification for judicial deference to legislation.
An integrated database of experimentally validated major histocompatibility complex epitopes for antigen-specific cancer therapy
Authors: Kawakita Satoru , Shen Aidan , Chao Cheng-Chi , Wang Zhaohui , Cheng Siliangyu , Li Bingbing , Jiang Chongming 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy represents a paradigm shift in oncology, offering a superior anti-tumor efficacy and the potential for durable remission. The success of personalized vaccines and cell therapies hinges on the identification of immunogenic epitopes capable of eliciting an effective immune response. Current limitations in the availability of immunogenic epitopes restrict the broader application of such therapies. A critical criterion for serving as potential cancer antigens is their ability to stably bind to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) for presentation on the surface of tumor cells. To address this, we have developed a comprehensive database of MHC epitopes, experimentally validated for their MHC binding and cell surface presentation. Our database catalogs 451 065 MHC peptide epitopes, each with experimental evidence for MHC binding, along with detailed information on human leukocyte antigen allele specificity, source peptides, and references to original studies. We also provide the grand average of hydropathy scores and predicted immunogenicity for the epitopes. The database (MHCepitopes) has been made available on the web and can be accessed at https://github.com/jcm1201/MHCepitopes.git. By consolidating empirical data from various sources coupled with calculated immunogenicity and hydropathy values, our database offers a robust resource for selecting actionable tumor antigens and advancing the design of antigen-specific cancer immunotherapies. It streamlines the process of identifying promising immunotherapeutic targets, potentially expediting the development of effective antigen-based cancer immunotherapies.
SARS-CoV-2 incidence, seroprevalence, and antibody dynamics in a rural, population-based cohort: March 2020 – July 2022
Authors: Petrie Joshua G , Pattinson David , King Jennifer P , Neumann Gabriele , Guan Lizheng , Jester Peter , Rolfes Melissa A , Meece Jennifer K , Kieke Burney A , Belongia Edward A , Kawaoka Yoshihiro , Nguyen Huong Q 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Studies of SARS-CoV-2 incidence are important for response to continued transmission and future pandemics. We followed a rural community cohort with broad age representation with active surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 identification from November 2020 through July 2022. Participants provided serum specimens at regular intervals and following SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination. We estimated the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection identified by study RT-PCR, electronic health record documentation or self-report of a positive test, or serology. We also estimated the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid antibodies measured by ELISA. Overall, 65% of the cohort had ≥1 SARS-CoV-2 infection by July 2022, and 19% of those with primary infection were reinfected. Infection and vaccination contributed to high seroprevalence, 98% (95% CI: 95%, 99%) of participants were spike or nucleocapsid seropositive at the end of follow-up. Among those seropositive, 82% were vaccinated. Participants were more likely to be seropositive to spike than nucleocapsid following infection. Infection among seropositive individuals could be identified by increases in nucleocapsid, but not spike, ELISA optical density values. Nucleocapsid antibodies waned more quickly after infection than spike antibodies. High levels of SARS-CoV-2 population immunity, as found in this study, are leading to changing epidemiology necessitating ongoing surveillance and policy evaluation.
The 2018-2019 FoodNet Population Survey: a tool to estimate risks and behaviors associated with enteric infections
Authors: Devine Carey J , Molinari Noelle-Angelique , Shah Hazel J , Blackstock Anna J , Geissler Aimee , Marder Ellyn P , Payne Daniel C 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The FoodNet Population Survey is a periodic survey of randomly selected residents at 10 US sites on exposures and behaviors that may be associated with acute diarrheal infections and the health care sought for those infections. This survey is used to estimate the true disease burden of enteric illness in the United States and to estimate rates of exposure to potential sources of illness. Unlike previous FoodNet Population Surveys, this cycle used multiple sampling frames and administration modes, including cell phone and web-based questionnaires, that allowed for additional question topics and a larger sample size. It also oversampled children to increase representation of this population. Analytic modeling adjusted for mode effects when estimating the prevalence estimates of exposures and behaviors. This report describes the design, methodology, challenges, and descriptive results from the 2018-2019 FoodNet Population Survey.