Abstract 4483: Establishing patient-derived colorectal cancer stem cell models with a PIK3CA mutation for the development of inhibitory drugs as targeted therapies
Authors: Fang Douglas D. , Gu Yin , Tsaparikos Konstantinos , Thiel Melissa , Jackson-Fisher Amy , Cao Joan , Zong Qing , Lira Maruja , Jani Jitesh , Hayashi Tomoko , Schwab Richard , Wong Anthony , John-Baptiste Annette , Lappin Patrick B. , Cheng Hengmiao , Bender Steve , Bagrodia Shubha , Yin Min-Jean , VanArsdale Todd 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Emerging evidences suggest that cancer stem cells (CSC) may be critically responsible for tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. It becomes important to ask whether anti-cancer agents are able to target the tumor-initiating subpopulation in relevant CSC models. In this study, we first established xenograft tumors in NOD/SCID mice from a colorectal cancer patient specimen and demonstrated that CD133/EpCAM-expressing CSC population was highly tumorigenic. We then sought to propagate the CSC population under a serum-free condition. In culture, the tumor cells formed non-adherent, 3-dimensional spheroids, a fraction of which retained expression of the CSC markers. When exposed to a serum-containing medium, tumor spheroid cells differentiated into epithelial-like adherent cells with an increase in cell proliferation rate. In comparison with the differentiated progeny, tumor spheroid cells exhibited resistance to the standard-of-care agent oxaliplatin and, in limiting dilution assays in mice, displayed substantially higher tumorigenic potential. In contrast to the tumors originated from the differentiated cells, tumor spheroid cell-derived tumors recapitulated not only the CSC frequency marked by CD133/EpCAM expression, but also the histological characters of the original tumor. Similarly, only were the fragments of spheroid cell-derived xenograft tumors capable of regenerating highly proliferative tumors in secondary transplantation. Thus, the tumor spheroid culture is indeed enriched of drug resistant, self-renewing, and tumor-initiating CSC populations. Mutation profiling of frequently mutated oncogenes using Sequenom OncoCarta™ panel identified a mutation in the kinase domain of PIK3CA (H1047R) in the cultured CSCs. This mutation has been reported present in a large number of colon cancer patients and likely functions as an oncogene (Samuels et al., Science 304:554; 2004). We further demonstrated that a dual mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor (PF-04691502) exhibited a more potent effect on inhibition of in vitro proliferation of the mutated CSCs compared to the chemotoxic agent oxaliplatin. Collectively, our findings suggest that CSC models provide a novel avenue to drug sensitivity and efficacy studies. The well-characterized CSC model systems may assist in the development of more effective therapy against the subpopulation of tumors driven by the CSCs bearing specific mutations.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4483.