bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in Soil Properties before and after Wetland Degradation in the Yellow River Delta, China
Authors: Huang Chen , Bai Junhong , Shao Hongbo , Gao Haifeng , Xiao Rong , Huang Laibin , Liu Peipei 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe aim of this study is to determine whether wetland degradation in the Yellow River Delta has an effect on its soil properties. Twenty soil samples collected from degraded and undegraded wetlands were analyzed using hierarchical cluster analysis and principal correspondence analysis. The statistical analyses revealed that soil samples from both degraded and undegraded wetlands could be clearly distinguished according to their properties. These soil properties such as nitrate nitrogen, ammoniac nitrogen, and pH showed significant changes after wetland degradation than before. However, degraded wetland soils did not exhibit significant changes in electric conductivity (EC) and soil organic matter (SOM). Six soil properties excluding EC and SOM were transformed to establish a simplified chemical index of soil degradation (CDI) for evaluating wetland soil quality before and after wetland degradation. Lower CDI values of undegraded wetland soils were observed than those of degraded wetland soils. The methods used in this study can be further used in larger areas to evaluate and monitor the degradation status of wetlands, and can contribute to wetland management and restoration practices.
Flow cytometry increases the sensitivity of detection of leukemia and lymphoma cells in bronchoalveolar lavage specimens
Authors: Song Joo Y. , Filie Armando C. , Venzon David , Stetler‐Stevenson Maryalice , Yuan Constance M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackground:Recent studies have definitively determined that flow cytometry (FC) is significantly more sensitive than cytomorphology (CM) in detection of hematolymphoid neoplasms (HLNs). However, its utility in paucicellular bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) specimens has not been established.Methods:FC was performed on BAL specimens submitted from 44 patients with a prior diagnosis of HLN. Panels chosen were based upon cellularity of specimen and patient history. FC results were compared with concurrent CM evaluations.Results:All 44 BALs were deemed satisfactory for FC and yielded informative results that assisted in diagnosis. Diagnoses included 22/44 B‐cell neoplasms, 16/44 T‐cell neoplasms, four/44 myeloid neoplasms, and two/44 plasma cell neoplasms. Overall concordance was demonstrated between FC and CM in 77% (34/44) of cases. In nine/44 cases (20%), one technique (FC or CM) clearly detected malignant cells when the other did not. FC was more sensitive than CM in detecting a HLN in eight/nine discordant cases. In only one case (one/44, 2%) were malignant HLN cells suspected by CM, but not identified by FC (one/44, 2%).Conclusion:We demonstrate, in the largest series published to date, that FC can be performed on BAL specimens. FC is indicated in evaluation of BAL for HLN and improves sensitivity of detection of HLN over CM alone. An integrated FC and CM approach is superior to either technique alone in diagnostic evaluation of BAL. Published 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Validation of a new screening, determinative, and confirmatory multi‐residue method for nitroimidazoles and their hydroxy metabolites in turkey muscle tissue by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Boison Joe O. , Asea Philip A. , Matus Johanna L. 
Published: July 2012

A new and sensitive multi‐residue method (MRM) with detection by LC‐MS/MS was developed and validated for the screening, determination, and confirmation of residues of 7 nitroimidazoles and 3 of their metabolites in turkey muscle tissues at concentrations ≥ 0.05 ng/g. The compounds were extracted into a solvent with an alkali salt. Sample clean‐up and concentration was then done by solid‐phase extraction (SPE) and the compounds were quantified by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). The characteristic parameters including repeatability, selectivity, ruggedness, stability, level of quantification, and level of confirmation for the new method were determined. Method validation was achieved by independent verification of the parameters measured during method characterization. The seven nitroimidazoles included are metronidazole (MTZ), ronidazole (RNZ), dimetridazole (DMZ), tinidazole (TNZ), ornidazole (ONZ), ipronidazole (IPR), and carnidazole (CNZ).It was discovered during the single laboratory validation of the method that five of the seven nitroimidazoles (i.e. metronidazole, dimetridazole, tinidazole, ornidazole and ipronidazole) and the 3 metabolites (1‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐2‐hydroxymethyl‐5‐nitroimidazole (MTZ‐OH), 2‐hydroxymethyl‐1‐methyl‐5‐nitroimidazole (HMMNI, the common metabolite of ronidazole and dimetridazole), and 1‐methyl‐2‐(2'‐hydroxyisopropyl)‐5‐nitroimidazole (IPR‐OH) included in this study could be detected, confirmed, and quantified accurately whereas RNZ and CNZ could only be detected and confirmed but not accurately quantified. © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada as Represented by the Minister of Agriculture and Agri‐food Canada 2012.
Age‐specific oxidative status and the expression of pre‐ and postcopulatory sexually selected traits in male red junglefowl, Gallus gallus
Authors: Noguera Jose C. , Dean Rebecca , Isaksson Caroline , Velando Alberto , Pizzari Tommaso 
Published: July 2012

AbstractOxidative stress is emerging as a key factor underpinning life history and the expression of sexually selected traits. Resolving the role of oxidative stress in life history and sexual selection requires a pluralistic approach, which investigates how age affects the relationship between oxidative status (i.e., antioxidants and oxidative damage) and the multiple traits contributing to variation in reproductive success. Here, we investigate the relationship between oxidative status and the expression of multiple sexually selected traits in two‐age classes of male red junglefowl,
Gallus gallus, a species which displays marked male reproductive senescence. We found that, irrespective of male age, both male social status and comb size were strongly associated with plasma oxidative status, and there was a nonsignificant tendency for sperm motility to be associated with seminal oxidative status. Importantly, however, patterns of plasma and seminal antioxidant levels differed markedly in young and old males. While seminal antioxidants increased with plasma antioxidants in young males, the level of seminal antioxidants remained low and was independent of plasma levels in old males. In addition, old males also accumulated more oxidative damage in their sperm DNA. These results suggest that antioxidant allocation across different reproductive traits and somatic maintenance might change drastically as males age, leading to age‐specific patterns of antioxidant investment.
Cascading trait‐mediated interactions induced by ant pheromones
Authors: Hsieh Hsun‐Yi , Liere Heidi , Soto Estelí J. , Perfecto Ivette 
Published: July 2012

AbstractTrait‐mediated indirect interactions (TMII) can be as important as density‐mediated indirect interactions. Here, we provide evidence for a novel trait‐mediated cascade (where one TMII affects another TMII) and demonstrate that the mechanism consists of a predator eavesdropping on chemical signaling. Ants protect scale insects from predation by adult coccinellid beetles – the first TMII. However, parasitic phorid flies reduce ant foraging activity by 50% – the second TMII, providing a window of opportunity for female beetles to oviposit in high‐quality microsites. Beetle larvae are protected from ant predation and benefit from living in patches with high scale densities. We demonstrate that female beetles can detect pheromones released by the ant when attacked by phorids, and that only females, and especially gravid females, are attracted to the ant pheromone. As ants reduce their movement when under attack by phorids, we conclude that phorids facilitate beetle oviposition, thus producing the TMII cascade.
Synthesis of Chiral Room Temperature Ionic Liquids from Amino Acids – Application in Chiral Molecular Recognition
Authors: González Laura , Altava Belén , Bolte Michael , Burguete M. Isabel , García‐Verdugo Eduardo , Luis Santiago V. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA series of structurally new room temperature chiral ionic liquids based on an imidazolium group and derived from natural amino acids have been synthesized and studied as chiral shift agents for the chiral discrimination of enantiomeric carboxylate salts. This family of imidazolium salts can be prepared by a simple synthetic approach and most of the components are liquid at room temperature. The solid to liquid transformation temperatures can be as low as –49 °C. The analysis of the supramolecular structure of the resulting CILs can be used advantageously to understand the potential for the selective recognition of different hosts.
General and Efficient α‐Oxygenation of Carbonyl Compounds by TEMPO Induced by Single‐Electron‐Transfer Oxidation of Their Enolates
Authors: Dinca Emanuela , Hartmann Philip , Smrček Jakub , Dix Ina , Jones Peter G. , Jahn Ullrich 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA generally applicable method for the synthesis of protected α‐oxygenated carbonyl compounds is reported. It is based on the single‐electron‐transfer oxidation of easily generated enolates to the corresponding α‐carbonyl radicals. Coupling with the stable free radical TEMPO provides α‐(piperidinyloxy) ketones, esters, amides, acids or nitriles in moderate‐to‐excellent yields. Enolate aggregates influence the outcome of the oxygenation reactions significantly. Competitive reactions have been analyzed and conditions for their minimization are presented. Chemoselective reduction of the products led to either N–O bond cleavage to α‐hydroxy carbonyl compounds or reduction of the carbonyl functionality tomonoprotected 1,2‐diols or O‐protected amino alcohols.
A refillable fragrance carrier with a tuneable thermal switch
Authors: Seemork Jiraporn , Tree‐Udom Thapakorn , Wanichwecharungruang Supason 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTRelease of fragrant molecules from poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) grafted chitosan particles could be controlled in a switchable manner through the thermo‐responsive hydration/dehydration of the PEO corona of the spheres that resulted in the de‐aggregation/aggregation among particles and corresponded to an on/off fragrant release switch. In water, mPEO–chitosan self‐assembled into spherical particles with the mPEO corona covering the surface and vanillin and citral could be loaded into the particles. The mPEO–water interaction took place at temperatures lower than the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) value and resulted in de‐aggregation among spheres which enabled release of the loaded fragrance molecules, whilst mPEO–mPEO interactions occurred at temperatures higher than the LCST value and resulted in aggregation among spheres which also halted the fragrance release. This thermal switch could be tuned to a desired temperature by adjusting the salt concentration. After the release of all fragrances, the thermo‐responsive carriers could be refilled again. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Insulin‐like growth factor I regulates G2/M progression through mammalian target of rapamycin signaling in oligodendrocyte progenitors
Authors: Min Jungsoo , Singh Sukhwinder , Fitzgerald‐Bocarsly Patricia , Wood Teresa L. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractExtrinsic factors including growth factors influence decisions of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) to continue cell cycle progression or exit the cell cycle and terminally differentiate into oligodendrocytes capable of producing myelin. Multiple studies have elucidated how the G1/S transition is regulated in OPCs; however, little is known about how S phase progression and the G2/M transition are regulated in these cells. Herein, we report that insulin‐like growth factor (IGF)‐I coordinates with FGF‐2 to promote S phase progression but regulates G2/M progression independently. During S phase, IGF‐I/FGF‐2 enhances protein expression of cyclin A and cdk2, and further increases effective complex formation resulting in enhanced cdk2 activity. Surprisingly, however, OPCs exposed to FGF‐2 in the absence of IGF‐I fail to traverse through G2/M. Consistent with this observation, OPCs exposed to IGF‐I, but not FGF‐2, increase cell number over 48 h. IGF‐I enhances cdk1 kinase activity during G2/M by promoting nuclear localization of cyclin B/cdk1 as well as of Cdc25C, an activator of cdk1. IGF‐I also induces phosphorylation of histone 3 indicating traverse of cells through mitosis. Finally, we demonstrate that IGF‐I‐mediated G2/M regulation requires mammalian target of rapamycin activity. These data support an important function for IGF‐I in G2/M progression in OPCs. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dicer1 and MiR‐9 are required for proper Notch1 signaling and the Bergmann glial phenotype in the developing mouse cerebellum
Authors: Kuang Yi , Liu Qian , Shu Xiaoqiong , Zhang Chi , Huang Ning , Li Jun , Jiang Mei , Li Hedong 
Published: July 2012

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) have important roles in the development of the central nervous system (CNS). Several reports indicate that tissue development and cellular differentiation in the developing forebrain are disrupted in the absence of miRNAs. However, the functions of miRNAs during cerebellar development have not been systematically characterized. Here, we conditionally knocked out the Dicer1 gene under
the control of the human glial fibrillary acidic protein (hGFAP) promoter to examine the effect of miRNAs in the developing cerebellum. We particularly focused on the phenotype of Bergmann glia (BG). The hGFAP‐Cre activity was detected as early as embryonic day 13.5 (E13.5) at the rhombic lip (RL) in the cerebellar plate, and later in several postnatal cerebellar cell types, including BG. Dicer1 ablation induces a smaller and less developed cerebellum, accompanied by aberrant BG morphology. Notch1 signaling appears to be blocked in Dicer1‐ablated BG, with reduced expression of the Notch1 target gene, brain lipid binding protein (BLBP). Using neuronal co‐culture assays, we showed an intrinsic effect of Dicer1 on BG morphology and Notch1 target gene expression. We further identified miR‐9 as being differentially expressed in BG and showed that miR‐9 is a critical, but not the only, miRNA component of the Notch1 signaling pathway in cultured BG cells. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Phosphoramidates: Synthesis, spectroscopy, and X‐Ray crystallography
Authors: Shariatinia Zahra , Sohrabi Marzieh , Yousefi Mohammad , Koval Tomas , Dusek Michal 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA series of novel phosphoramidates with a general formula P(O)X1X2X3, where X1 = X2 = X3 = 1H‐1,2,4‐triazol (1); X1 = X2 = X3 = N‐phenylhydrazine (2); X1 = Br, X2 = X3 = N‐phenylhydrazine (3), X1 = Br, X2 = X3 = dipropylamine (4), and X1 = X2 = X3 = 1,4‐dioxa‐8‐azaspiro[4.5]decane (5) as well as [P(O)(NC4H8NH‐CH3)+3.3Cl‐] (6), were synthesized and characterized by 1H, 13C, 31P NMR, IR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. It is interesting that the P atoms of compounds 3 and 4 are the most upfielded atoms (δ(31P) = −23.00, −21.65 ppm) among molecules 1–6. This indicates that the Br atom acts as a strong electron donor to the P atom via a resonance interaction. The 1H and 13C NMR spectra of compound 5 reveal three separate sets of peaks for the aliphatic CH2 protons of three four‐membered rings. This can be explained by different spatial orientations (conformations) of the aliphatic rings. The crystal structure of compound 6 was also determined by X‐ray crystallography. There are intermolecular NH ···Cl hydrogen bonds in this structure. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 23:478–485, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.21040
Alantolactone induces apoptosis in glioblastoma cells via GSH depletion, ROS generation, and mitochondrial dysfunction
Authors: Khan Muhammad , Yi Fei , Rasul Azhar , Li Ting , Wang Nan , Gao Hongwen , Gao Rong , Ma Tonghui 
Published: July 2012

AbstractGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults. Despite concerted efforts to improve current therapies, the prognosis of glioblastoma remains very poor. Alantolactone, a sesquiterpene lactone compound, has been reported to exhibit antifungal, antibacteria, antihelminthic, and anticancer properties. In this study, we found that alantolactone effectively inhibits growth and triggers apoptosis in glioblastoma cells in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner. The alantolactone‐induced apoptosis was found to be associated with glutathione (GSH) depletion, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitochondrial transmembrane potential dissipation, cardiolipin oxidation, upregulation of p53 and Bax, downregulation of Bcl‐2, cytochrome c release, activation of caspases (caspase 9 and 3), and cleavage of poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase. This alantolactone‐induced apoptosis and GSH depletion were effectively inhibited or abrogated by a thiol antioxidant, N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine, whereas other antioxidant (polyethylene glycol (PEG)‐catalase and PEG‐superoxide‐dismutase) did not prevent apoptosis and GSH depletion. Alantolactone treatment inhibited the translocation of NF‐κB into nucleus; however, NF‐κB inhibitor, SN50 failed to potentiate alantolactone‐induced apoptosis indicating that alantolactone induces NF‐κB‐independent apoptosis in glioma cells. These findings suggest that the sensitivity of tumor cells to alantolactone appears to results from GSH depletion and ROS production. Furthermore, our in vivo toxicity study demonstrated that alantolactone did not induce significant hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in mice. Therefore, alantolactone may become a potential lead compound for future development of antiglioma therapy. © © 2012 IUBMB Life, 64(9): 783–794, 2012
A randomized trial of a mailed intervention and self-scheduling to improve osteoporosis screening in postmenopausal women
Authors: Warriner Amy H , Outman Ryan C , Kitchin Elizabeth , Chen Lang , Morgan Sarah , Saag Kenneth G , Curtis Jeffrey R 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Guidelines recommend bone density screening with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in women 65 years or older, but &lt;30% of eligible women undergo DXA testing. There is a need to identify a systematic, effective, and generalizable way to improve osteoporosis screening. A group randomized, controlled trial of women ≥65 years old with no DXA in the past 4 years, randomized to receive intervention materials (patient osteoporosis brochure and a letter explaining how to self-schedule a DXA scan) versus usual care (control) was undertaken. Outcome of interest was DXA completion. Of 2997 women meeting inclusion criteria, 977 were randomized to the intervention group. A total of 17.3% of women in the intervention group completed a DXA, compared to 5.2% in the control group (12.1% difference, p &lt; 0.0001). When including only those medically appropriate, we found a difference of 19% between the two groups (p &lt; 0.0001). DXA receipt was greater in main clinic patients compared to satellite clinic patients (20.9% main clinic versus 10.1% satellite clinic). The cost to print and mail the intervention was $0.79 per patient, per mailing. The number of women to whom intervention needed to be mailed to yield one extra DXA performed was 9, at a cost of $7.11. DXA scan completion was significantly improved through use of a mailed osteoporosis brochure and the availability for patients to self-schedule. This simple approach may be an effective component of a multifaceted quality improvement program to increase rates of osteoporosis screening. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Nuclear fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) isoforms inhibit bone marrow stromal cell mineralization through FGF23/FGFR/MAPK in vitro
Authors: Xiao Liping , Esliger Alycia , Hurley Marja M 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is responsible for phosphate wasting and the phenotypic changes observed in human diseases such as X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH). Targeted overexpression of nuclear high–molecular weight fibroblast growth factor 2 isoforms (HMW isoforms) in osteoblasts resulted in a transgenic mouse with phenotypic changes similar to XLH, including increased FGF23, hypophosphatemia, and rickets/osteomalacia. The goal of this study was to assess whether HMW isoforms also reduced mineralized bone formation via phosphate-independent effects in bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) by modulating FGF23/FGF receptor (FGFR)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling. To determine if decreased bone formation in BMSC cultures from HMW transgenic mice could be rescued by blocking this pathway, an FGF23 neutralizing antibody, the FGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor SU5402 and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor PD98059 were used. FGF23 levels in the conditioned medium of HMW BMSC cultures were dramatically increased compared to BMSC from control (Vector) mice. Mineralized nodule formation was significantly decreased in HMW BMSC cultures compared with control cultures. The decreased nodule formation in HMW cultures was partially rescued by the FGF23 neutralizing antibody, SU5402 and PD98059. mRNA levels for the osteoblast-related genes, osteocalcin, Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and osterix, and the osteocyte-related gene dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1 (Dmp1) were significantly decreased in HMW cultures compared with control cultures, and the decreases were partially rescued by SU5402 or PD98059 treatment. Matrix-gla-protein (Mgp) mRNA was significantly higher in HMW cultures compared with control cultures, reduced by SU5402, but further increased by PD98059. Our results suggest that phosphate-independent effects of HMW isoforms in vitro may be directly mediated in part via FGF23 and that HMW isoforms signal via FGF23/FGFR/MAPK to inhibit bone formation in vitro. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Natural bond orbital analysis: A critical overview of relationships to alternative bonding perspectives
Authors: Weinhold Frank 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWe sketch the basic principles of natural bond orbital (NBO) theory, including critical discussion of its relationship to alternative bonding concepts and selected illustrations of its application to a broad spectrum of chemical bonding motifs. Particular emphasis is placed on the close NBO connections to prequantal bonding, and electromerism concepts, as well as the deep roots in quantal eigenvalue, superposition, and Pauli exclusion concepts that are manifested in many aspects of NBO donor–acceptor analysis. With respect to leading alternative perspectives, we identify similarities and differences that distinguish NBO theory from the corresponding precepts of valence bond theory, molecular orbital theory, and Bader's quantum theory of atoms in molecules, with critical discussion of the assumptions underlying characteristic differences in each case. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An Alternative Way to Generalize the Pentagon
Authors: Ball Simeon , Bamberg John , Devillers Alice , Stokes Klara 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWe introduce the concept of a pentagonal geometry as a generalization of the pentagon and the Desargues configuration, in the same vein that the generalized polygons share the fundamental properties of ordinary polygons. In short, a pentagonal geometry is a regular partial linear space in which for all points x, the points not collinear with the point x, form a line. We compute bounds on their parameters, give some constructions, obtain some nonexistence results for seemingly feasible parameters and suggest a cryptographic application related to identifying codes of partial linear spaces.