bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A case of Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy without arrhythmias
Authors: Wei Jia , Tang Jiarong , Xia Liming , Chen Xinshan , Wang Dao Wen 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is characterized by recurrent coma, ventricular tachycardias and the replacement of the myocardium with fatty and fibrous tissue. We described a 42-year-old female patient without clinical arrhythmias which was diagnosed as ARVC by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but the transvenous endomyocardial biopsy was not specific. The patient received heart transplantation due to her refractory heart failure and the pathology of explanted heart demonstrated typical replacement of fatty and fibrous tissue and piles of infiltrated lymphocytes in myocardial tissue. It is concluded that ARVC might not have any arrhythmias and inflammatory process may be involved in the mechanism of ARVC.

Virtual slides

The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here:http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/6573514507145351
Herpes simplex virus and varicella zoster virus, the house guests who never leave
Authors: Kinchington Paul R , Leger Anthony J St , Guedon Jean-Marc G , Hendricks Robert L 
Published: June 2012

AbstractHuman alphaherpesviruses including herpes simplex viruses (HSV-1, HSV-2) and varicella zoster virus (VZV) establish persistent latent infection in sensory neurons for the life of the host. All three viruses have the potential to reactivate causing recurrent disease. Regardless of the homology between the different virus strains, the three viruses are characterized by varying pathologies. This review will highlight the differences in infection pattern, immune response, and pathogenesis associated with HSV-1 and VZV.
Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte Grade Is an Independent Predictor of Sentinel Lymph Node Status and Survival in Patients With Cutaneous Melanoma
Authors: Azimi Farhad , Scolyer Richard A. , Rumcheva Pavlina , Moncrieff Marc , Murali Rajmohan , McCarthy Stanley W. , Saw Robyn P. , Thompson John F. 
Published: June 2012

Purpose To determine whether density and distribution of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs; TIL grade) is an independent predictor of sentinel lymph node (SLN) status and survival in patients with clinically localized primary cutaneous melanoma. Methods From the Melanoma Institute Australia database, 1,865 patients with a single primary melanoma ≥ 0.75 mm in thickness were identified. The associations of clinical and pathologic factors with SLN status, recurrence-free survival (RFS), and melanoma-specific survival (MSS) were analyzed. Results The majority of patients had either no (TIL grade 0; 35.4%) or few (TIL grade 1; 45.1%) TILs, with a minority showing moderate (TIL grade 2; 16.3%) or marked (TIL grade 3; 3.2%) TILs. Tumor thickness, mitotic rate, and Clark level were inversely correlated with TIL grade (each P < .001). SLN biopsy was performed in 1,138 patients (61.0%) and was positive in 252 (22.1%). There was a significant inverse association between SLN status and TIL grade (SLN positivity rates for each TIL grade: 0, 27.8%; 1, 20.1%; 2, 18.3%; 3, 5.6%; P < .001). Predictors of SLN positivity were decreasing age (P < .001), decreasing TIL grade (P < .001), ulceration (P = .003), increasing tumor thickness (P = .01), satellitosis (P = .03), and increasing mitoses (P = .03). The 5-year MSS and RFS rates were 83% and 76%, respectively (median follow-up, 43 months). Tumor thickness (P < .001), ulceration (P < .001), satellitosis (P < .001), mitotic rate (P = .003), TIL grade (P < .001), and sex (P = .01) were independent predictors of MSS. Patients with TIL grade 3 tumors had 100% survival. Conclusion TIL grade is an independent predictor of survival and SLN status in patients with melanoma. Patients with a pronounced TIL infiltrate have an excellent prognosis.
Study on Amino-functionalized Graphene Oxide/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Nanocomposites
Authors: Yan Jia-lin , Qi Guo-qiang , Cao Jun , Luo Yong , Yang Wei , Xie Bang-hu , Yang Ming-bo 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
To improve the interfacial compatibility between graphene and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), amino-functionalization was applied to the graphene oxide via chemical modification using ethylenediamine (EA) and 1,6-hexanediamine (HA). Experimental results showed that with the incorporation of only 1 wt % amino-functionalized graphene oxide (AGO), the thermal stability, mechanical properties, and the dispersibility of fillers in the nanocomposites were improved significantly. The effect of the alkyl chain length of the diamine was also considered.
Effects of systematic variation of wood adherend bending stiffness on fracture properties: Part 1. Influence of grain angle
Authors: Nicoli Edoardo , Dillard David A. , Frazier Charles E. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
When wood beams are bonded to form double cantilever beam (DCB) specimens, the resulting fracture properties are often quite scattered. Random variations of properties of wood are usually considered as the reason for the data scatter, but there are also morphological aspects that can possibly be accounted for. The present paper focuses on these morphological aspects and, in particular, an analytical model has been developed for evaluating how the orientation and stiffness of the layers of beams of constant cross section influences the stiffness variation of the beam along its length. Wood in DCBs is a common example of a material with oriented layers resulting from the alternating earlywood (EW) and latewood (LW). Part of the paper is dedicated to Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), where the variability of equivalent elastic stiffness is found to be on the order of ±6–8% in bonded DCBs, depending on grain orientation. Other representative cases of bonded wood beams are also presented, where the stiffness variability is on the order of ±15–20%. Part 2 of this paper will evaluate how these levels of elastic stiffness variations influence the measured critical strain energy release rate, .
Energy and regularity dependent stability estimates for the Gel'fand inverse problem
in multidimensions
Authors: Isaev Mikhail I. , Novikov Roman G. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract.
We prove new global Hölder-logarithmic stability estimates for the Gel'fand inverse problem
at fixed energy in dimension . Our estimates are given in uniform norm for coefficient difference
and related stability efficiently increases with increasing energy and/or coefficient regularity. Comparisons
with preceding results in this direction are given.
Parameter identification problem for a parabolic equation – application to the Black–Scholes option pricing model
Authors: Korolev Yury M. , Kubo Hideo , Yagola Anatoly G. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract.
We consider an inverse problem of parameter identification for a parabolic equation. The underlying practical example is the reconstruction of the unknown drift in the extended Black–Scholes option pricing model. Using a priori information about the unknown solution (i.e. its Lipschitz constant), we provide a solution to this non-linear ill-posed problem, as well as an error estimate. Other types of a priori information may be used (for example, monotonicity and/or convexity of the unknown solution).
The prevalence of gestational diabetes in advanced economies
Authors: Schneider Sven , Bock Christina , Wetzel Marion , Maul Holger , Loerbroks Adrian 
Published: June 2012

Abstract

Aims: One of the first steps in optimizing future prevention and appropriately allocating resources to future diagnosis and treatment of Gestational diabetes (GDM) is to quantify its burden. The aim of this study was therefore to conduct a systematic review of current international literature on the prevalence of GDM with a focus on advanced economies.

Methods: Based on literature searches with the database “PubMed” we included studies with a publication date between 2000 and 2011. All studies were classified independently by two authors. In accordance with the PRISMA Statement we identified 27 original studies.

Results: The prevalence of GDM varies substantially between populations with a range of 1.7–11.6%. Patient self-reports yield higher prevalence estimates than values that are based on medical diagnosis or clinical diagnostic tests. Prevalence seems to vary considerably within Europe with higher prevalence values being observed in Southern Europe than in Northern and Central Europe. Prevalence values from studies from Australia and North America were within this range.

Conclusion: This review provides a comprehensive and sound summary of the current state of research on the prevalence of GDM in advances economies as a first step in identifying starting points for future interventions.
New perspectives in electronic fetal surveillance
Authors: Hamilton Emily F. , Warrick Philip A. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Despite its recognized limitations, fetal heart rate monitoring is a mainstay of intrapartum care. Although the basic technology in standard electronic fetal monitors has changed little in recent decades, clinical behavior in response to heart rate monitoring has changed considerably. In addition to clearly defined nomenclature and clinical guidelines, there is an increased awareness that environmental and human factors can impair clinical judgment, resulting in delayed intervention and, consequently, birth-related injury. This review examines three essential steps that affect clinical outcome: (1) signal acquisition, (2) associations with physiological outcome, and (3) clinical intervention. Only the third step is directly responsible for changing clinical outcome. However, timely initiation of interventions is dependent upon the second step, which is dependent upon the first step. Thus, deficiencies at each step tend to accumulate and contribute to the worsening of overall clinical outcome. This review article summarizes advances occurring at each step. The synergy and convergence of innovations in engineering, mathematics, and behavioral science shows considerable promise in intrapartum fetal surveillance.
Resident consultant presence in labour ward after midnight – a retrospective cohort study of 5318 deliveries
Authors: Freites Jawad , Ruprai Chetan , Paul Haran , Lindow Stephen William 
Published: June 2012

Abstract

Introduction: The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, in their document “The future role of the consultant,” recommended that there should be a resident obstetric consultant present in the labour ward for 24 h in large UK hospitals. There is little work that validates this recommendation. The period from midnight to 08:00 h is the most disruptive to work-life balance.

Objectives: This retrospective study evaluates obstetric outcomes from midnight until 08:00 h in relation to the consultant being a resident or on-call from home over a 3-year period.

Methods: The Hull Royal Infirmary is a obstetric unit delivering more than 5000 babies annually. There are nine consultant obstetricians and three associate specialists who provide cover; nine always go home when on-call and return to the hospital if needed after midnight and three are resident in the hospital for personal reasons. There is a registrar and house officer resident at all times. All birth data are contemporaneously recorded on a database.

Results: A total of 5318 deliveries were studied over a 3-year period (resident consultant, n=1226; consultant on-call from home, n=4092). There were significantly fewer forceps deliveries when the consultant was on-call from home (3.3% vs. 5.1%, odds ratio 0.65, 95% confidence interval 0.48–0.88), but there was no difference in any other delivery outcome (caesarean 14.5% vs. 13.9%). There were no differences between the rates of stillbirth (0.4% vs. 0.4%) and babies born with low Apgar scores (1.4% vs. 1.3%) when the consultant was on-call from home.

Conclusion: There is an increased incidence of forceps delivery when the consultant is resident, but there is no difference in any other obstetric parameter. The recommendation for consultant presence in the labour ward has not been validated by this study.
Frontiers in diffraction unlimited optical methods for spin manipulation, magnetic field sensing and imaging using diamond nitrogen vacancy defects
Authors: Castelletto Stefania , Li Xiangping , Gu Min 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe nitrogen vacancy defect centre in diamond has attracted intense research interest owing to their appealing optical and electronic properties, which have laid the ground for new approaches for diffraction unlimited optical methods. In particular, the optical detected magnetic resonance of the electron spin of nitrogen vacancy centre at room temperature underpins many areas in nanophotonics, spintronics and quantum optics. This article reviews the recent development of super-resolution imaging and sensing nanoscopy based on this fascinating defect centre in diamond. These breakthroughs are presently indicating a new class of nanoscale sensors of tiny magnetic and electric fields at room temperature, as well as emerging fluorescent and magnetic probes for next generation nanoscopy and all-optical spin recording.
Progress on one-dimensional zinc oxide nanomaterials based photonic devices
Authors: Willander Magnus , Israr Muhammad Q. , Sadaf Jamil R. , Nur Omer 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
One-dimensional nanostructures hold the most attractive and excellent physiochemical characteristics which exhibit the paramount influence on the fundamental and technological nanoelectronic as well as nanophotonic applications. In this review article, we present a detailed introduction to the diverse synthetic procedures which can be utilized for the fabrication of single-, planar- and three-dimensional ZnO nanostructures. More specifically, a thorough discussion regarding luminescence characteristics of the one-dimensional ZnO nanostructures is presented for ultraviolet and visible regions. We summarize the room temperature spontaneous emission and stimulated emission along with the interaction of the incident beam with material cavity to produce resonant optical modes and low-temperature time resolved photoluminescence studies. The most recent published results on the white light emitting diodes fabricated with the combination of ZnO nanotubes with p-GaN and ZnO nanorods with p-organic polymers on glass and disposable paper are discussed. Additionally, the significant results on optically and electrically pumped lasers are discussed; along with an overview on the future of ZnO nanostructures based photonic devices.
Learning nanotechnology through experimentation: carbon nanotube manufacturing using an electric discharge machine
Authors: Jaksic Nebojsa 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA novel nanotechnology laboratory experiment for a required junior/senior undergraduate engineering course, Engineering of Manufacturing Processes, is described and implemented. The experiment demonstrates a process of manufacturing carbon nanotubes using a method representing a variation on arc discharge. Carbon nanotubes are synthesized in oil by electric discharge machining using two graphite electrodes. The results are compared to a known empirical formula for material removal rate in electric discharge machining. A cost analysis of the process, determining the cost of as produced carbon nanotubes is performed. This 2-h experiment is complemented with a single 2-h lecture on nanotechnology creating a lecture-experiment nanotechnology module. Student learning outcomes for the module are developed, assessed, and analyzed. The results show a significant improvement in students’ knowledge. Student perceptions about nanotechnology, carbon nanotube manufacturing, and the need for life-long learning are assessed. Pedagogical justifications and sustainability of the nanotechnology lecture-experiment module within an undergraduate engineering curriculum are addressed.
Study of an On-Line Crack Compliance Technique for Residual Stress Measurement Using 2D Finite Element Simulations of Fatigue Crack Growth
Authors: Ismonov S. , Daniewicz S. R. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
There are several methods available to measure residual stress fields present within a structural component. Recently a new so called on-line crack compliance technique has been proposed, which is based on linear elastic fracture mechanics. This experimental method uses incremental crack mouth opening displacements measured during fatigue crack growth testing to generate information on the existing residual stresses along the crack line. The present study employs two dimensional (2D) plane stress finite element simulations of fatigue crack growth from a cold worked hole to investigate the performance of this technique. Using the simulation results, the stress intensity factors due to the residual stress field normalized by the maximum applied stress intensity factor KIrs/KImax were obtained from the on-line crack compliance method. For validation, the J-integral approach was used to calculate KIrs/KImax values from fatigue crack growth simulations in an elastic material. The two methods generated nearly identical results. Fatigue crack growth was also simulated in an elastic-plastic material. Even though the stress intensity factor is not the appropriate crack tip characterizing technique for elastic-plastic material conditions, it is still investigated here to approximate the actual testing conditions, where plastic deformation near the crack tip is unavoidable. The KIrs/KImax solutions are presented for different cold work levels and applied loadings. Results indicate that the agreement between the elastic and elastic-plastic crack growth solutions is dependent on the maximum applied loading level, as might be expected.
Fatigue Sensitivity to Small Defects of a Gamma–Titanium–Aluminide Alloy
Authors: Filippini Mauro , Beretta Stefano , Patriarca Luca , Pasquero Giuseppe , Sabbadini Silvia 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
The fatigue properties of a Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb alloy obtained by electron-beam melting (EBM) with a patented process has been examined by conducting high cycle fatigue tests performed at different R ratios at room temperature. Fatigue-crack propagation tests have been performed for the purpose of characterizing the fatigue-crack growth rate and threshold of the material. Additionally, specimens with artificially introduced defects have been fatigue tested with the objective of studying the growth behavior of small cracks. Artificial defects with different sizes have been generated in the gauge section of the specimens by electron-discharge machining (EDM). After EDM defects are produced, the specimens are pre-cracked in cyclic compression, so that small cracks can be generated at the root of the EDM starter defects. Fatigue tests are conducted by applying the staircase technique with the number of cycles of censored test (runout) fixed at 107 cycles. By employing the Murakami model for the calculation of the range of stress intensity factor, the threshold stress intensity factor range dependence on the loading ratio R and on the defect size is evaluated, highlighting the relevant parameters that govern the specific mechanisms of failure of the novel γ–TiAl alloy studied in the present work.
Boundary-Layer Flow of a Nanofluid past a Stretching Sheet under Uniform Heat and Mass Flux
Authors: Khan W. A. , Pop I. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
The steady boundary layer flow resulting from the stretching of a flat surface with a velocity proportional to the distance from a fixed point in a nanofluid under uniform heat and mass flux has been investigated numerically and using the nanofluid model proposed by Buongiorno (“Convective Transport in Nanofluids, ASME J. Heat Transfer, Vol. 128, 2006, pp. 240–250). The effects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis are incorporated in the model in order to obtain similarity solutions of the governing equations in terms of different parameters. The variation of the reduced Nusselt and reduced Sherwood numbers with the Prandtl number (Pr) and the Lewis number (Le) for various values of the Brownian motion parameter (Nb) and the thermophoresis parameter (Nt) is presented in tabular and graphical forms. It was found that the reduced Nusselt number is a decreasing function of each parameter (Pr, Le, Nb, and Nt), whereas the reduced Sherwood number is an increasing function of Nb and a decreasing function of Nt for each Le and Pr number.
Preparation and Characterization of Surfactant Coated Ce-Zr Nanoparticles and Nanofuel
Authors: Sharma Rajiv , Kanagaraj S. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
The use of the oxygen storing capacity (OSC) of CeO2 to enhance the conditioning of engine exhaust is being explored as a means to reduce the harmful products of emission. A doping agent, Zr, is used to further improve ceria’s OSC and thermal stability. In this study, a high OSC endowed cerium-zirconium mixed-oxide (Ce0.6Zr0.4O2) three-way catalyst (TWC) was synthesized using a surfactant assisted co-precipitation method, and a stable suspension of the mixed oxide in diesel was prepared. The characterization of the mixed oxide and nanofuel was done using different analytical techniques, and the formation of a solid solution of the mixed oxide was confirmed. A stable dispersion of mixed oxide nanoparticles in diesel was achieved with the use of a mixed alkyl chain length surfactant. The thermal conductivity of the nanofuel did not show any significant increase with an increase in TWC concentration, and the calorific value of the nanofuel decreased. It is concluded that the cerium-zirconium mixed-oxide has a much higher OSC than pure ceria and could be potentially be used for better combustion of fuel in engines.
Metrological Approach in the Study of Biodiesel Viscosity Variation with Temperature
Authors: Santo Filho D. M. E. , Rodrigues C. R. C. , Barbosa A. P. F. , dos Santos J. J. P. , Baldner F. O. , Pereira R. G. , Castro C. S. C. , Siqueira J. R. R. , Daroda R. J. , Lima L. S. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
In this article, we study the relation between viscosity and temperature of several biodiesel types (soybean, sunflower, corn, castor bean, and animal fat based) in a metrological point of view. All the biodiesel types were obtained by a transesterification reaction with methanol in the presence of an alkaline base as a catalyst. The biodiesels had their viscosities measured using capillary viscometers following Brazilian standards, in temperatures ranging from 20°C to 40°C. An extra study was performed with another beef tallow biodiesel (transesterified with ethanol) with temperatures up to 100°C. For all the measurements, the uncertainties were calculated. Even though there have been many studies on biodiesel on recent years, most of these do not have a metrological focus. This study shows the behavior of the biodiesel viscosity in a temperature range of 20°C to 40°C, and also how its composition influences the viscosity.