bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peripheral Nucleated Red Blood Cells as a Prognostic Indicator in Heatstroke in Dogs
Authors: Aroch I. , Segev G. , Loeb E. , Bruchim Y. 
Published: April 2009

Background: Heatstroke in dogs is often fatal and is associated with a high prevalence of secondary complications. Peripheral nucleated red blood cells (NRBC) occur in dogs with heatstroke, but their association with complications and the outcome is unclear.Hypothesis: Peripheral NRBC are common in dogs with heatstroke and have prognostic significance.Animals: Forty client‐owned dogs with naturally occurring heatstroke.Methods: Prospective, observational study. Dogs were followed from presentation to discharge or death. Serum biochemistry and coagulation tests were performed at presentation. CBC and evaluation of peripheral blood smears were performed at presentation and every 12 hours. The relative and the absolute NRBC numbers were calculated.Results: Presence of NRBC was observed in 36/40 (90%) of the dogs at presentation. Median relative and absolute NRBC were 24 cells/100 leukocytes (range 0–124) and 1.48 × 103/μL (range 0.0–19.6 × 103/μL), respectively. Both were significantly higher in nonsurvivors (22) versus survivors (18) and in dogs with secondary renal failure and DIC versus those without these complications. Receiver operator curve analysis of relative NRBC at presentation as a predictor of death had an area under curve of 0.92. A cut‐off point of 18 NRBC/100 leukocytes corresponded to a sensitivity and specificity of 91 and 88% for death.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Relative and absolute numbers of peripheral NRBC are clinically useful, correlate with the secondary complications, and are sensitive and specific markers of death in dogs with heatstroke, although they should never be used as a sole prognostic indicator nor should they replace clinical assessment.
Cerebrospinal Fluid PCR and Antibody Concentrations against Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Dogs with Neurological Signs
Authors: Jäderlund K.H. , Bergström K. , Egenvall A. , Hedhammar Å. 
Published: April 2009

Background: The tick‐borne bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (sl) and Anaplasma phagocytophilum have been suspected to cause neurological signs in dogs. Diagnosis often has been made based on positive antibody titers in serum of dogs with neurological signs, but a high seroprevalence in dogs in at‐risk populations makes diagnosis difficult.Objective: To determine if the neurological signs in dogs examined were caused by any of these bacteria.Animals: Fifty‐four dogs presented to a board‐certified neurologist.Methods: Prospective study. We divided dogs into 2 groups: those with inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) and those with neurological signs from other diseases. Blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from all dogs were analyzed.Results: Dogs with inflammatory CNS diseases showed no serum antibodies against any of the agents. Among dogs with neurological signs from other diseases, 10.3% had serum antibodies for B. burgdorferi sl and 20.5% for A. phagocytophilum. All blood samples analyzed for bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and all CSF analyzed for antibodies and bacterial DNA for the 2 agents were negative.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Based on this study, these bacteria are unlikely causes of neurologic disease in dogs and the presence of serum antibodies alone does not document or establish a definitive diagnosis of CNS disease caused by these organisms. Dogs that have neurologic disease and corresponding serum antibodies against these agents should have additional tests performed to assess for other potential etiologies of the signs.
Complementation of the
fadA
Mutation in
Fusobacterium nucleatum
Demonstrates that the Surface-Exposed Adhesin Promotes Cellular Invasion and Placental Colonization
Authors: Ikegami Akihiko , Chung Peter , Han Yiping W. 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACT

Fusobacterium nucleatum
is a gram-negative oral anaerobe implicated in periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcome. The organism colonizes the mouse placenta, causing localized infection and inflammation. The mechanism of placental colonization has not been elucidated. Previous studies identified a novel adhesin from
F. nucleatum
, FadA, as being involved in the attachment and invasion of host cells. The
fadA
deletion mutant
F. nucleatum
12230 US1 was defective in host cell attachment and invasion in vitro, but it also exhibited pleiotropic effects with altered cell morphology and growth rate. In this study, a
fadA
-complementing clone,
F. nucleatum
12230 USF81, was constructed. The expression of FadA on USF81 was confirmed by Western blotting and immunofluorescent labeling. USF81 restored host cell attachment and invasion activities. The ability of
F. nucleatum
12230, US1, and USF81 to colonize the mouse placenta was examined. US1 was severely defective in placental colonization compared to the wild type and USF81. Thus, FadA plays an important role in
F. nucleatum
colonization in vivo. These results also represent the first complementation studies for
F. nucleatum
. FadA may be a therapeutic target for preventing
F. nucleatum
colonization of the host.
Distinct Roles of CD28- and CD40 Ligand-Mediated Costimulation in the Development of Protective Immunity and Pathology duringChlamydia muridarumUrogenital Infection in Mice
Authors: Chen Lili , Cheng Wen , Shivshankar Pooja , Lei Lei , Zhang Xiaoyun , Wu Yimou , Yeh I-Tien , Zhong Guangming 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACTInfection withChlamydia muridarumin the mouse urogenital tract can induce both protective immunity and inflammatory pathologies, which has been used as a model for understanding the immune and pathogenic mechanisms ofC. trachomatisinfection. We compared the roles of CD28- and CD40 ligand (CD40L)-mediated costimulation inC. muridaruminfection. Mice with CD28 or CD80/CD86 gene knockout (KO) displayed an infection course similar to that of wild-type mice during both primary and secondary infection, suggesting that CD28-mediated costimulation is not required for protection againstC. muridaruminfection. However, mice deficient in CD40L or CD40 displayed a prolonged infection course after primary or secondary infection, suggesting that CD40-CD40L costimulation plays an essential role in the development of anti-C. muridarumimmunity. Interestingly, the CD28- or CD80/CD86-deficient mice displayed significantly lower levels of inflammatory pathologies in the upper genital tracts after primary infection, although the attenuation in inflammation was no longer significant during secondary infection. However, the CD40L or CD40 KO mice developed inflammatory pathologies as severe as those in wild-type mice following either primary or secondary infection despite the obvious deficits in adaptive immunity in these KO mice. The resistance of CD28 or CD80/CD86 KO mice to chlamydial infection correlated with production of gamma interferon, while the development of inflammatory pathologies in CD40L or CD40 KO mice correlated with the production of other proinflammatory cytokines in mouse urogenital tracts during the early stages of the infection. These observations together suggest thatC. muridarum-induced protective immunity and inflammatory pathologies can be mediated by distinct costimulatory signals.
The Metal Homeostasis Protein, Lsp, of
Streptococcus pyogenes
Is Necessary for Acquisition of Zinc and Virulence
Authors: Weston Benjamin F. , Brenot Audrey , Caparon Michael G. 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACT

“Cluster 9” family lipoproteins function as ligand-binding subunits of ABC-type transporters in maintaining transition metal homeostasis and have been implicated in the virulence of several bacteria. While these proteins share high similarity, the specific metal that they recognize and whether their role in virulence directly involves metal homeostasis cannot be reliably predicted. We examined the cluster 9 protein Lsp of
Streptococcus pyogenes
and found that specific deletion of
lsp
produced mutants highly attenuated in a murine model of soft tissue infection. Under standard in vitro conditions, growth of the Lsp
−
mutant was indistinguishable from that of the wild type, but growth was defective under zinc-limited conditions. The growth defect could be complemented by plasmids expressing wild-type Lsp but not Lsp engineered to lack its putative lipidation residue. Furthermore, Zn
2+
but not Mn
2+
rescued Lsp
−
growth, implicating Zn
2+
as the physiological ligand for Lsp. Mutation of residues in the putative Zn
2+
-binding pocket generated variants both hypo- and hyperresistant to zinc starvation, and both mutant classes displayed attenuated virulence. Together, these data suggest that Lsp is a ligand-binding component of an ABC-type zinc permease and that perturbation of zinc homeostasis inhibits the ability of
S. pyogenes
to cause disease in a zinc-limited host milieu.
Listeria monocytogenes
6-Phosphogluconolactonase Mutants Induce Increased Activation of a Host Cytosolic Surveillance Pathway
Authors: Crimmins Gregory T. , Schelle Michael W. , Herskovits Anat A. , Ni Peggy P. , Kline Benjamin C. , Meyer-Morse Nicole , Iavarone Anthony T. , Portnoy Daniel A. 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACT

Infection with wild-type
Listeria monocytogenes
activates a host cytosolic surveillance response characterized by the expression of beta interferon (IFN-β). We performed a genetic screen to identify
L. monocytogenes
transposon insertion mutants that induced altered levels of host IFN-β expression. One mutant from this screen induced elevated levels of IFN-β and harbored a Tn
917
insertion upstream of lmo0558. This study identified lmo0558 as the 6-phosphogluconolactonase gene (
pgl
), which encodes the second enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway.
pgl
mutant
L. monocytogenes
accumulated and secreted large amounts of gluconate, likely derived from labile 6-phosphogluconolactone, the substrate of Pgl. The
pgl
deletion mutant had decreased growth in glucose-limiting minimal medium but grew normally when excess glucose was added. Microarray analysis revealed that the
pgl
deletion mutant had increased expression of several β-glucosidases, consistent with known inhibition of β-glucosidases by 6-phosphogluconolactone. While growth in macrophages was indistinguishable from that of wild-type bacteria,
pgl
mutant
L. monocytogenes
exhibited a 15- to 30-fold defect in growth in vivo. In addition,
L. monocytogenes
harboring an in-frame deletion of
pgl
was more sensitive to oxidative stress. This study identified
L. monocytogenes pgl
and provided the first link between the bacterial pentose phosphate pathway and activation of host IFN-β expression.
Predicting site-specific overwintering of juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta) using a habitat suitability index
Authors: Palm Daniel , Brännäs Eva , Nilsson Kjell 
Published: April 2009

Brown trout ( Salmo trutta ) site-specific overwintering was studied in an ice-covered stream in northern Sweden. We monitored 238 individually tagged juvenile trout (body length 120–204 mm) from late summer until late winter using portable passive integrated transponder tag equipment and related it to a habitat suitability index. Minimum habitat suitability index explained a large portion (66.8%) of the variation in the proportion of individuals that remained and overwintered at specific sites from late summer until late winter. Our study design detected three scales of overwinter movements: (i) individuals that remained within their tagging site (site-scale movements); (ii) individuals that moved to other reaches (reach-scale movements), which were probably the most common; and (iii) individuals that left the study stream (stream-scale movements). There were no differences in size at tagging among individuals that adopted different scales of movements. We suggest that habitat suitability index can be used as a tool to predict site specific residency and, thus, habitat conditions in stream reaches during winter.
EFFECT OF Al ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF In718 ALLOY
Authors: LIU FANG , YANG SHULIN , SUN WENRU , GUO SHOUREN , HU ZHUANGQI 
Published: April 2009

Compared with the conventional In 718 alloy, the addition of Al at the level of 1.24% and 1.50% greatly increases the precipitation of γ′ phase and the compact form of γ″/γ′/γ″ structure, which has been demonstrated in previous studies. The δ phase precipitation at the grain boundaries is noticeably suppressed. Large amount of Laves phase (( Fe , Ni , Cr )2( Nb , Mo )), small amount of M 7 C 3 carbide and σ phase (( Fe , Ni )( Cr , Mo , Nb )) are precipitated at the grain boundaries. After aging at 680°C, the grain boundary precipitates are increased significantly. Large amount needle-like σ phase is precipitated at the grain boundary in the alloy with 1.50% Al . After aging at 680°C for 1000h, the grain boundary precipitates are worsened further, but the coarsening of the compact form γ″/γ′/γ″ is lighter than the γ″ phase in the normal In 718 alloy. The tensile strength at room temperature and 680°C are increased due to Al increasing. While the tensile ductility and impact toughness of the alloy decrease significantly, and a sharp decrease has been found during the long term aging at 680°C. The mechanism by which Al influencing the microstructure and mechanical properties of In 718 alloy is to be discussed.
TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF Ti(Al,O)/Al2O3 COMPOSITE COATING BY THERMAL SPRAYING
Authors: SALMAN ASMA , GABBITAS BRIAN , CAO PENG , ZHANG DELIANG 
Published: April 2009

The use of thermal spray coatings provides protection to the surfaces operating in severe environments. The main goal of the current work is to investigate the possibility of using a high velocity air fuel (HVAF) thermally sprayed wear resistant Ti ( Al , O )/ Al 2 O 3 coating on tool steel (H13) which is used for making dies for aluminium high pressure die casting and dummy blocks aluminium extrusion. A feedstock of Ti ( Al , O )/ Al 2 O 3 composite powder was produced from a mixture of Al and TiO 2 powders by high energy mechanical milling, followed by a thermal reaction process. The feedstock was then thermally sprayed using a high velocity air-fuel (HVAF) technique onto H13 steel substrates to produce a composite coating. The present study describes and compares the tribological properties such as friction and sliding wear rate of the coating both at room and high temperature (700°C). The wear resistance of the coating was investigated by a tribometer using a spherical ended alumina pin as a counter body under dry and lubricating conditions. The results showed that composite coating has lower wear rate at high temperature than at room temperature without using lubricant. The composite coating was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). This paper reports the experimental observations and discusses the wear resistance performance of the coatings at room and high temperatures.
Magnetostratigraphy of early–middle Miocene deposits from east–west trending Alaşehir and Büyük Menderes grabens in western Turkey, and its tectonic implications
Authors: Sen Sevket , Seyitoğlu Gürol 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
In western Turkey, the Alaşehir and Büyük Menderes grabens form east–west trending major tectonic structures. Their sedimentary fill is important for regional tectonic models for the late Cenozoic evolution of the Aegean region. These deposits are divided into four units dated between the early Miocene and Quaternary. We studied the magnetostratigraphy of two sections in the Alaşehir graben and one in the Büyük Menderes, partly covering the first and second sedimentary units. Detailed palaeomagnetic analysis allowed us to determine ChRM component for these rocks. The Zeytinçayı river and road sections (Alaşehir graben) record several polarity reversals, which are tentatively correlated to the interval C5Cn.3n–C5ADr (approximately between 14.6–16.6 Ma) of the ATNTS2004. This correlation is also supported by palaeontology and radiometric dating of syn-extensional intrusions. In the Eycelli section (Büyük Menderes graben) only three polarity zones are recorded, and their tentative correlation with the interval of C5Bn.1r–C5Br (14.88–15.97 Ma) is in overall in agreement with the record of Eskihisar sporomorph association in this formation. These results place the initiation of the Alaşehir and Büyük Menderes grabens in the early Miocene. The palaeomagnetic declinations from the Alaşehir graben indicate about 25° anticlockwise rotation, whereas that of the Büyük Menderes graben indicate a clockwise rotation of about 30–40°. These contradictory vertical-axis rotations might be explained by detachment faults in the region. In Tertiary formations of western Turkey, contradictory block rotations are common and likely reflect thin-skinned deformation in the area rather than rigid crustal movements. Therefore, average anticlockwise rotations in western Turkey cannot be used as evidence for the model of back-arc spreading in the Aegean region.
A Silurian-Devonian marine platform-deltaic system in the San Rafael Block, Argentine Precordillera-Cuyania terrane: lithofacies and provenance
Authors: Manassero M. J. , Cingolani C. A. , Abre P. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract

The San Rafael Block is included as a part of the pre-Andean region, in the southern sector of the Argentine Precordillera–Cuyania terrane, within the western Gondwana margin. The Río Seco de los Castaños Formation (Upper Silurian–Lower Devonian) is one of the major marine-siliciclastic pre-Carboniferous units, and is interpreted as a distal to proximal silty platform-deltaic system. The dominant sedimentary processes were wave and storm action and the source areas were located to the east, close to the study area. The rocks are mainly of immature arkosic sandstones showing both recycled orogen and continental block provenances. Sedimentological characteristics of conglomerate-filled channels and an organic-matter-rich bed are described. X-ray diffraction analyses of the clay minerals from the sequences show that very low-grade metamorphic conditions acted during the Early Carboniferous. Geochemical analyses indicate moderate to strong weathering, and potassium metasomatism. Zr/Sc ratios lower than 22, no important enrichments of Zr, Th/Sc ratios, high Sc and Cr concentration and the Eu-anomalies indicate a provenance from a less evolved upper continental crust. T
DM
ages and ε
Nd
are within the range of the Mesoproterozoic basement and Palaeozoic supracrustal rocks from the Precordillera–Cuyania terrane. Probable sources, tectonic setting and land–sea interactions are discussed.
The Devonian System of China, with a discussion on sea-level change in South China
Authors: P. Ma Xueping , Liao Weihua , Wang Deming 
Published: April 2009

Abstract

Based on tectonic, lithological and biotic features, 11 regions may be recognized in the Devonian Period of China. The Junggar and Hinggan regions are characterized by thick sequences of clastic rocks associated with volcanic rocks; carbonate deposits were only local, sometimes consisting of isolated reefs. The Tarim region was characterized by intertidal sandstones on the platform and deeper water deposits in its marginal areas. The North China region was mostly barren of Devonian deposits except in some marginal areas, and the Qilian–Qaidam region was a mountainous region mostly with Middle and Upper Devonian continental sediments. Qinling Region was closely related with the South China Region in terms of faunal affinity, probably being a marginal area of the South China Plate. Western Yunnan and the major part of Xizang (including northern Xizang and the northern slope of the Himalayas) featured continuous Silurian–Devonian deposition, generally with carbonates in the Lower Devonian, and different lithologies in different regions for the Middle and Late Devonian. Qinling and Hoh Xil-Bayan Har regions were closely related with the South China Region, yielding common fossils such as brachiopods
Stringocephalus
and
Yunnanella
(=
Nayunnella
) faunas. The Devonian Period of South China comprised deposits of two large transgressive–regressive cycles: Lochkovian to Eifelian and late Eifelian to about the end of the Devonian Period.
Parasites in Emsian-Eifelian
Favosites
(Anthozoa, Tabulata) from the Holy Cross Mountains (Poland): changes of distribution within colony
Authors: Zapalski M. K. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract

Organisms of unknown biological affinities, assigned to the genus
Chaetosalpinx
, are known to infest Palaeozoic tabulate corals and stromatoporoids. Analysis of distribution of these parasites, performed on Emsian–Eifelian material of
Favosites goldfussi
(Anthozoa, Tabulata) from the Northern Region of the Holy Cross Mountains (Poland), shows that parasites were absent in the early astogenetical stages, and that during astogeny both the absolute number of parasites per colony and the number of parasites per polyp were increasing. The latter can reach 2.7 parasites per polyp. Preferred settling places are in corallite corners (junction of three individuals), but dense infestation also produced settlement in the corallite walls (between two individuals). Probable causes of the increase are insufficient protection by host's cnidae, insufficient immune system response, and parasite ability to adapt to the host's defences.
Upper Devonian miospore and conodont zone correlation in western Europe
Authors: Streel M. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
The stratigraphical occurrence of 38 Upper Devonian miospore taxa is compared to some miospore and conodont zones in 28 intercalibrated levels. The accurate position of 15 miospore First Occurrence Biohorizons and one Last Occurrence Biohorizon in terms of the conodonts available in a few regions of western Europe is discussed in detail and their correlation evaluated.
FlexDCP
Authors: Moreto Miquel , Cazorla Francisco J. , Ramirez Alex , Sakellariou Rizos , Valero Mateo 
Published: April 2009

Current multicore architectures offer high throughput by increasing hardware resource utilization. As the number of cores in a multicore system increases, providing Quality of Service (QoS) to applications in addition to throughput is becoming an important problem.
In this work, we present FlexDCP, a framework that allows the Operating System (OS) to guarantee a QoS for each application running in a chip multiprocessor. FlexDCP directly estimates the performance of applications for different cache configurations instead of using indirect measures of performance like the number of misses. This information allows the OS to convert QoS requirements into resource assignments. Consequently, it offers more flexibility to the OS as it can optimize different QoS metrics like per-application performance or global performance metrics such as fairness, weighted speed up or throughput.
Our results show that FlexDCP is able to force applications in a workload to run at a certain percentage of their maximum performance in 94% of the cases considered, being on average 1:48% under the objective for remaining cases. When optimizing a global QoS metric like fairness, FlexDCP consistently outperforms traditional eviction policies like LRU, pseudo LRU and previous dynamic cache partitioning proposals for two-, four- and eightcore configurations. In an eight-core architecture FlexDCP obtains a fairness improvement of 10:1% over Fair, the best policy in the literature optimizing fairness.