bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ZmPIN1-Mediated Auxin Transport Is Related to Cellular Differentiation during Maize Embryogenesis and Endosperm Development
Authors: Forestan Cristian , Meda Silvia , Varotto Serena 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
To study the influence of PINFORMED1 (PIN1)-mediated auxin transport during embryogenesis and endosperm development in monocots, the expression pattern of the three identified ZmPIN1 genes was determined at the transcript level. Localization of the corresponding proteins was also analyzed during maize (Zea mays) kernel development. An anti-indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) monoclonal antibody was used to visualize IAA distribution and correlate the direction of auxin active transport, mediated by ZmPIN1 proteins, with the actual amount of auxin present in maize kernels at different developmental stages. ZmPIN1 genes are expressed in the endosperm soon after double fertilization occurs; however, unlike other tissues, the ZmPIN1 proteins were never polarly localized in the plasma membrane of endosperm cells. ZmPIN1 transcripts and proteins also colocalize in developing embryos, and the ZmPIN1 proteins are polarly localized in the embryo cell plasma membrane from the first developmental stages, indicating the existence of ZmPIN1-mediated auxin fluxes. Auxin distribution visualization indicates that the aleurone, the basal endosperm transfer layer, and the embryo-surrounding region accumulate free auxin, which also has a maximum in the kernel maternal chalaza. During embryogenesis, polar auxin transport always correlates with the differentiation of embryo tissues and the definition of the embryo organs. On the basis of these reports and of the observations on tissue differentiation and IAA distribution in defective endosperm-B18 mutant and in N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid-treated kernels, a model for ZmPIN1-mediated transport of auxin and the related auxin fluxes during maize kernel development is proposed. Common features between this model and the model previously proposed for Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) are discussed.
Identification and Functional Characterization of Monofunctionalent-Copalyl Diphosphate andent-Kaurene Synthases in White Spruce Reveal Different Patterns for Diterpene Synthase Evolution for Primary and Secondary Metabolism in Gymnosperms
Authors: Keeling Christopher I. , Dullat Harpreet K. , Yuen Mack , Ralph Steven G. , Jancsik Sharon , Bohlmann Jörg 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe biosynthesis of the tetracyclic diterpene ent-kaurene is a critical step in the general (primary) metabolism of gibberellin hormones. ent-Kaurene is formed by a two-step cyclization of geranylgeranyl diphosphate via the intermediate ent-copalyl diphosphate. In a lower land plant, the moss Physcomitrella patens, a single bifunctional diterpene synthase (diTPS) catalyzes both steps. In contrast, in angiosperms, the two consecutive cyclizations are catalyzed by two distinct monofunctional enzymes, ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase (CPS) and ent-kaurene synthase (KS). The enzyme, or enzymes, responsible for ent-kaurene biosynthesis in gymnosperms has been elusive. However, several bifunctional diTPS of specialized (secondary) metabolism have previously been characterized in gymnosperms, and all known diTPSs for resin acid biosynthesis in conifers are bifunctional. To further understand the evolution of ent-kaurene biosynthesis as well as the evolution of general and specialized diterpenoid metabolisms in gymnosperms, we set out to determine whether conifers use a single bifunctional diTPS or two monofunctional diTPSs in the ent-kaurene pathway. Using a combination of expressed sequence tag, full-length cDNA, genomic DNA, and targeted bacterial artificial chromosome sequencing, we identified two candidate CPS and KS genes from white spruce (Picea glauca) and their orthologs in Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis). Functional characterization of the recombinant enzymes established that ent-kaurene biosynthesis in white spruce is catalyzed by two monofunctional diTPSs, PgCPS and PgKS. Comparative analysis of gene structures and enzyme functions highlights the molecular evolution of these diTPSs as conserved between gymnosperms and angiosperms. In contrast, diTPSs for specialized metabolism have evolved differently in angiosperms and gymnosperms.
A Gain-of-Function Mutation ofArabidopsisLipid Transfer Protein 5 Disturbs Pollen Tube Tip Growth and Fertilization
Authors: Chae Keun , Kieslich Chris A. , Morikis Dimitrios , Kim Seung-Chul , Lord Elizabeth M. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractDuring compatible pollination of the angiosperms, pollen tubes grow in the pistil transmitting tract (TT) and are guided to the ovule for fertilization. Lily (Lilium longiflorum) stigma/style Cys-rich adhesin (SCA), a plant lipid transfer protein (LTP), is a small, secreted peptide involved in pollen tube adhesion-mediated guidance. Here, we used a reverse genetic approach to study biological roles of Arabidopsis thaliana LTP5, a SCA-like LTP. The T-DNA insertional gain-of-function mutant plant for LTP5 (ltp5-1) exhibited ballooned pollen tubes, delayed pollen tube growth, and decreased numbers of fertilized eggs. Our reciprocal cross-pollination study revealed that ltp5-1 results in both male and female partial sterility. RT-PCR and β-glucuronidase analyses showed that LTP5 is present in pollen and the pistil TT in low levels. Pollen-targeted overexpression of either ltp5-1 or wild-type LTP5 resulted in defects in polar tip growth of pollen tubes and thereby decreased seed set, suggesting that mutant ltp5-1 acts as a dominant-active form of wild-type LTP5 in pollen tube growth. The ltp5-1 protein has additional hydrophobic C-terminal sequences, compared with LTP5. In our structural homology/molecular dynamics modeling, Tyr-91 in ltp5-1, replacing Val-91 in LTP5, was predicted to interact with Arg-45 and Tyr-81, which are known to interact with a lipid ligand in maize (Zea mays) LTP. Thus, Arabidopsis LTP5 plays a significant role in reproduction.
Panel reactive HLA antibodies, soluble CD30 levels, and acute rejection six months following renal transplant
Authors: Domingues Elizabeth M.F.L. , Matuck Teresa , Graciano Miguel L. , Souza Edison , Rioja Suzimar , Falci Mônica C. , Monteiro de Carvalho Deise B. , Porto Luís Cristóvão 
Published: December 2009

Domingues EMFL, Matuck T, Graciano ML, Souza E, Rioja S, Falci MC, Monteiro de Carvalho DB, Porto LC. Panel reactive HLA antibodies, soluble CD30 levels, and acute rejection six months following renal transplant.  Clin Transplant 2010: 24: 821–829. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Background:  Specific anti‐human leukocyte antigen antibodies (HLA) in the post‐transplant period may be present with acute rejection episodes (ARE), and high soluble CD30 (sCD30) serum levels may be a risk factor for ARE and graft loss.Methods:  HLA cross‐matching, panel reactive antibodies (PRA), and sCD30 levels were determined prior to transplantation in 72 patients. Soluble CD30 levels and PRA were re‐assessed at day 7, 14, 21, and 28, and monthly up to the sixth.Results:  Twenty‐four subjects had a positive PRA and 17 experienced ARE. Nine of 17 ARE subjects demonstrated positive PRA and 16 had HLA mismatches. Positive PRA was more frequent in ARE subjects (p = 0.03). Eight subjects with ARE had donor‐specific antibodies (DSA) in serum samples pre‐transplantation, two subjects developed DSA. Three subjects without ARE had positive PRA only in post‐transplantation samples. Soluble CD30 levels were higher in pre‐transplant samples and ARE subjects than non‐ARE subjects (p = 0.03). Post‐transplant sCD30 levels were elevated in subjects who experienced rejection and were significantly higher at seven d (p = 0.0004) and six months (p = 0.03).Conclusions:  Higher sCD30 levels following transplant were associated with ARE. Elevated sCD30 levels may represent a risk factor for acute rejection.
Randomized trial of early corticosteroid reduction vs. regular‐dose corticosteroid maintenance in combination with tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil in living donor kidney transplant recipients: the Brazilian CORRETA trial
Authors: Garcia Valter D. , Carvalho Deise B.M. , Gonçalves Renato T. , Cavalcanti Ruy L. , Campos Henry H. , Abbud‐Filho Mário , Lobao‐Neto Abner A. 
Published: December 2009

Garcia VD, Carvalho DBM, Gonçalves RT, Cavalcanti RL, Campos HH, Abbud‐Filho M, Lobao‐Neto AA. Randomized trial of early corticosteroid reduction vs. regular‐dose corticosteroid maintenance in combination with tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil in living donor kidney transplant recipients: the Brazilian CORRETA trial. Clin Transplant 2010: 24: E109–E115. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  This multicenter, randomized trial aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of an early reduction in corticosteroid dose vs. long‐term maintenance in Brazilian patients on an immunosuppressive regimen based on tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). In the control arm, prednisone was progressively reduced from days 8 to 90 and then kept for 12 months. In the experimental arm, prednisone was given for 12 months at the dose of 5 mg every other day. Endpoints were the composite occurrence of death, graft loss, or Banff III acute rejection, and safety. A total of 83 patients were enrolled, and 77 were analyzed for efficacy safety. One death occurred in each group. There were no cases of graft loss and one case of grade 3 acute rejection in the early reduction arm. There was no difference in the rate of the composite primary endpoint between both arms (p = 0.215), and there were no significant differences between both arms in terms of adverse events. Except for higher incidence of hypertriglyceridemia levels among patients in the regular‐dose arm, there were no significant differences between both arms in terms of adverse events. The results of this trial suggest that early reduction of corticosteroid can be feasible and safe within a timeframe of 12 months in patients receiving tacrolimus and MMF.
Metabolic syndrome and new onset diabetes after transplantation in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Luan Fu L. , Langewisch Eric , Ojo Akinlolu 
Published: December 2009

Luan FL, Langewisch E, Ojo A. Metabolic syndrome and new onset diabetes after transplantation in kidney transplant recipients.  Clin Transplant 2010: 24: 778–783. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Background:  Metabolic syndrome (MS) and new onset diabetes after transplant (NODAT) are common in kidney transplant patients. We studied the relationship between the two conditions and their impact on metabolic and cardiovascular risk profiles.Methods:  All non‐diabetic patients transplanted between 1999 and 2005 who were followed up to 2006 were included. MS and NODAT were determined. Kaplan–Meier survival and various regression analyses were performed to determine the clinical correlates for both conditions and their association with various cardiovascular risk factors.Results:  Among 591 patients, 314 (53.1%) had MS and 90 (15.2%) developed NODAT. The two conditions were highly associated with each other as 84 patients with NODAT also had MS (14.2%). Elevated body mass index and fasting glucose levels at transplant were risk factors for both conditions, whereas weight gain after transplant was associated only with MS. African American, old age, and hypertension‐related ESRD were risk factors for NODAT. Finally, the presence of MS was associated with reduced kidney function and elevated uric acid levels, whereas the presence of NODAT with elevated pulse pressure.Conclusions:  MS and NODAT are highly prevalent and significantly associated with impaired metabolic and cardiovascular risk profiles. Early identification of such conditions may facilitate targeted therapeutic intervention.
Transplantation with pancreas after living donor kidney vs. living donor kidney alone in type 1 diabetes mellitus recipients*
Authors: Sampaio Marcelo Santos , Poommipanit Neda , Cho Yong Won , Shah Tariq , Bunnapradist Suphamai 
Published: December 2009

Sampaio MS, Poommipanit N, Cho YW, Shah T, Bunnapradist S. Transplantation with pancreas after living donor kidney vs. living donor kidney alone in type 1 diabetes mellitus recipients.  Clin Transplant 2010: 24: 812–820. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Living donor kidney transplantation (LDKT) in type 1 diabetic recipients (T1DM) may be followed by a pancreas after living donor kidney (PALK). The impact of the PALK is largely unknown. Adult T1DM living donor kidney recipients (1997–2007) listed for pancreas transplantation were divided into those who subsequently received pancreas transplantation and those who did not (living donor kidney transplant alone [LDKA]). Outcomes were compared. A sub‐analysis was performed in recipients with at least one yr of kidney graft survival and limiting PALK to those who underwent pancreas transplantation in the first year. Of 4554 recipients, 23% received PALK. PALK had more favorable baseline characteristics. At the end of eight yr, we found significantly superior patient (85% vs. 75%) and kidney graft survival (75% vs. 62%) in PALK group. The adjusted hazard ratios of PALK (LDKA as reference) were 0.65 (95%CI: 0.52–0.81) for death and 0.63 (0.54–0.76) for renal graft loss. In sub‐group analysis, there was a trend toward decreased death in PALK (HR = 0.78: 0.57–1.07). In conclusion, only 23% of those wait‐listed received a pancreas with patient and kidney survival superior to LDKA. Pancreas transplant in the first year after kidney transplant was associated with a trend toward better long‐term patient survival.
Management of flood victims: Chainat Province, central Thailand
Authors: Wisitwong Anchaleeporn , McMillan Margaret 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis article focuses on the processes of flood management and the experiences of flood victims in Chainat Province, central Thailand, so as to develop knowledge about the future handling of such disasters. A phenomenological qualitative approach was used to describe the processes of providing assistance to flood victims. In‐depth interviews and observation were used to collect the data. Criterion sampling was used to select 23 participants. Content analysis of the data revealed that some flood victims could predict flooding based on prior experiences, so they prepared themselves. The data revealed six themes that demonstrated that those who could not predict how floods would impact on them were unprepared and suffered losses and disruption to their daily life. Damaged routes meant people could not go to work, resulting in the loss of income. There was a lack of sanitary appliances and clean drinking water, people were sick, and experienced stress. At the community level, people helped one another, making sandbags and building walls as a defense against water. They formed support groups to enable the processing of stressful experiences. However, later, the water became stagnant and contaminated, creating an offensive smell. The government provided assistance to cut off electricity services, food and water, toilets and health services, and water drainage. In the recovery phase, the victims needed money for investment, employment opportunities, books for children, extra time to pay off loans, reconnection of electricity, surveys of damage, and pensions to deal with damage and recovery.
Embedded Implicit Stand‐Ins for Animated Meshes: A Case of Hybrid Modelling
Authors: Kravtsov D. , Fryazinov O. , Adzhiev V. , Pasko A. , Comninos P. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract In this paper, we address shape modelling problems, encountered in computer animation and computer games development that are difficult to solve just using polygonal meshes. Our approach is based on a hybrid‐modelling concept that combines polygonal meshes with implicit surfaces. A hybrid model consists of an animated polygonal mesh and an approximation of this mesh by a convolution surface stand‐in that is embedded within it or is attached to it. The motions of both objects are synchronised using a rigging skeleton. We model the interaction between an animated mesh object and a viscoelastic substance, which is normally represented in an implicit form. Our approach is aimed at achieving verisimilitude rather than physically based simulation. The adhesive behaviour of the viscous object is modelled using geometric blending operations on the corresponding implicit surfaces. Another application of this approach is the creation of metamorphosing implicit surface parts that are attached to an animated mesh. A prototype implementation of the proposed approach and several examples of modelling and animation with near real‐time preview times are presented.
Apraxia in Parkinson’s disease and multiple system atrophy
Authors: Uluduz D. , Ertürk Ö. , Kenangil G. , Özekmekçi S. , Ertan S. , Apaydin H. , Erginöz E. 
Published: December 2009

Objective:  To determine praxis function in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA).Methods:  Nineteen patients with PD and 16 patients with probable MSA were recruited into study. Twenty‐five age‐matched, healthy subjects were included as controls. The Mayo Clinic praxis test battery was applied. Pantomime tasks, including oral/facial, trunk, and upper extremity movement, were used to evaluate ideomotor apraxia (IMA). Sequential tasks, including Luria test for ideational apraxia (IDA) and use of actual objects, were also tested. In addition, Standardized Mini Mental Test (MMSE), Hamilton Depression (HAM‐D), and Anxiety (HAM‐A) Scales were used.Results:  Mean ages of the study participants were 66 ± 7, 68 ± 5, and 65 ± 7 years in PD, MSA, and control groups, respectively. Mean total praxis score was significantly lower for patients with PD (92.4 ± 4) and MSA (75.9 ± 18) than for controls (97.4 ± 2) (P = 0.000). Transitive performances of upper extremities and sequential tasks were significantly impaired in patients with PD compared to control subjects (P < 0.05). There was no correlation between total praxis scores and sum scores of tremor, bradykinesia, and rigidity of both of the upper limbs of patients with PD. Subgroup praxis scores were substantially worse in MSA group (P < 0.0001). Compared to control subjects, mean scores for MMSE, HAM‐D, and HAM‐A tests were significantly worse in MSA group, but, for PD patient group, only HAM‐A scores were worse.Conclusion:  Our results indicate that although not a presenting symptom, IMA and IDA may be features of MSA and, to a lesser degree, of PD. Also, it seems to be unrelated to the motor features of patients with PD.
Chronic cognitive sequelae after traumatic brain injury are not related to growth hormone deficiency in adults
Authors: Pavlovic D. , Pekic S. , Stojanovic M. , Zivkovic V. , Djurovic B. , Jovanovic V. , Miljic N. , Medic‐Stojanoska M. , Doknic M. , Miljic D. , Djurovic M. , Casanueva F. , Popovic V. 
Published: December 2009

Objective:  The objective of the study was to asses the possible influence of hypothalamo–pituitary deficiencies, and growth hormone (GH) deficiency in particular, on cognition in adult patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI is a recently identified risk factor for cognitive deficits and hypopituitarism. Even the patients with favorable outcome after TBI may present with persistent bodily, psychosocial, and cognitive impairments, resembling patients with untreated partial or complete pituitary insufficiency.Design:  We performed retrospective and cross‐sectional study of endocrine and cognitive function in TBI in 61 patients (aged 37.7 ± 1.7 years) of both sexes (44 m,17 f), at least 1 year after TBI (3.9 ± 0.6 years). Serum insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐I), thyroxin, thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH), follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone (in men), prolactin, and cortisol were measured, and GH secretion was assessed by growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) + growth hormone releasing peptide‐6 (GHRP‐6) test. Cognitive function was assessed by using a standard neuropsychological battery.Results:  GH deficiency (GHD) and GH insufficiency (GHI) were found in 20 patients (32.8%). After adjustment for confounders [age, body mass index (BMI), education level, time elapsed from TBI], there were no significant differences in results of neuropsychological tests between patients with TBI with GHD, GHI, and normal GH secretion. There were no correlations of neuropsychological variables with stimulated peak GH secretion or IGF‐I level.Conclusions:  GHD persists long after the TBI, independently of trauma severity and age at traumatic event. GH secretion is more sensitive to TBI than other pituitary hormones. No evidence is found for an association of cognitive function impairment and somatotropic axis impairment in adult patients tested more than 1 year after the TBI.
Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) polymorphisms and risk for essential tremor
Authors: García‐Martín E. , Martínez C. , Alonso‐Navarro H. , Benito‐León J. , Puertas I. , Rubio L. , López‐Alburquerque T. , Agúndez J. A. G. , Jiménez‐Jiménez F. J. 
Published: December 2009

Background:  The polymorphic enzyme human serum paraoxonase 1 (PON1), encoded by the gene PON1 (chromosome 7q21.3), plays a major role in the metabolism of organophosphorus compounds. We investigated the possible association between the PON1 genotype and allelic variants of the polymorphisms Leu55Met and Glu192Arg, and the risk for essential tremor (ET).Methods:  We studied the frequency of the PON1 genotypes and allelic variants in 201 patients with ET and 220 healthy controls using a PCR‐RLFP method.Results:  The frequencies of the PON1 genotypes and allelic variants of the polymorphisms Leu55Met and Gln192Arg did not differ significantly between patients with ET and controls. These polymorphisms were unrelated with the age of onset of ET.Conclusions:  PON1 polymorphisms are not related with the risk for ET.
Neurocognitive outcomes of individuals with a sex chromosome trisomy: XXX, XYY, or XXY: a systematic review*
Authors: LEGGETT VICTORIA , JACOBS PATRICIA , NATION KATE , SCERIF GAIA , BISHOP DOROTHY V M 
Published: January 2010

Aim  To review systematically the neurodevelopmental characteristics of individuals with sex chromosome trisomies (SCTs).Method  A bibliographic search identified English‐language articles on SCTs. The focus was on studies unbiased by clinical referral, with power of at least 0.69 to detect an effect size of 1.0.Results  We identified 35 articles on five neonatally identified samples that had adequate power for our review. An additional 11 studies were included where cases had been identified for reasons other than neurodevelopmental concerns. Individuals with an additional X chromosome had mean IQs that were within broadly normal limits but lower than the respective comparison groups, with verbal IQ most affected. Cognitive outcomes were poorest for females with XXX. Males with XYY had normal‐range IQs, but all three SCT groups (XXX, XXY, and XYY) had marked difficulties in speech and language, motor skills, and educational achievement. Nevertheless, most adults with SCTs lived independently. Less evidence was available for brain structure and for attention, social, and psychiatric outcomes. Within each group there was much variation.Interpretation  Individuals with SCTs are at risk of cognitive and behavioural difficulties. However, the evidence base is slender, and further research is needed to ascertain the nature, severity, and causes of these difficulties in unselected samples.