bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Erythrocyte Abnormalities Induced by Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy: Induction of Preleukaemic States?
Authors: Renoux Michel , Bernard Jean‐François , Torres Martine , Schlegel Nicole , Amar Michèle , Lopez Manuel , Boivin Pierre 
Published: August 2010

Increased incidence of acute leukaemia (AL) following exposure to ionizing radiation is well documented. AL has also been reported with increased frequency after chemotherapy for nonmalignant diseases. The effect of chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy on the following erythrocyte parameters: pyruvate‐kinase (PK) activity, phospho‐fructo‐kinase (PFK) activity, HbF level, red cell antigens production and bone marrow sideroblasts, has been studied in 31 patients with myelomatosis and in 33 patients with nonhaematological malignancies.We have demonstrated the appearance after chemotherapy or radiotherapy of some abnormalities usually associated with leukaemia or preleukaemic states. In patients treated for myelomatosis, a PK deficiency has been detected in 58 % of the cases, an increased HbF level in 47 %, a modification of blood groups antigens in 68 % and abnormal sideroblasts in 30 %. No PFK deficiency was found. In patients treated for solid tumors, a PK deficiency in 50 % of the cases, a PFK deficiency in 20 %, an increased HbF level in 10 %, a modification of blood group antigens in 40% has been detected. Chemotherapy administered over a period of 3 months has been shown to induce these abnormalities. Localized radiotherapy may have a similar effect. The combination of these two factors seems to cause an increase in the frequency and intensity of these abnormalities.
Biochemical Characteristics of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia
Authors: Simonsson Bengt , Nilsson Kenneth , Terenius Lars , Glimelius Bengt 
Published: August 2010

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) has a variable clinical course and there is a great need of new prognostic laboratory parameters in this disease. 24 CLL patients were subjected to routine haematological and clinical investigation. The leukaemic cells were analyzed for surface immunoglobulins, complement and sheep red blood cell receptors, Concanavalin A‐induced agglutination, cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptor and for proliferative activity by measurement of tritiated thymidine incorporation.The surface markers studied indicated that all cases were of B‐cell origin. Only 5 of 23 patients studied had normal serum immunoglobulin levels. These cases showed a nonprogressive disease. 8 patients had increased infection tendency, all of whom had subnormal IgG levels; 4 of them also had subnormal IgA and IgM and 2 had subnormal IgA levels. 5 out of 6 patients with progressive disease and 3 of 11 with nonprogressive disease had an increased proliferative index, indicating a correlation between this parameter and disease progression. ConA agglutinability was not correlated to disease activity. Cells from 17 of 22 patients showed measurable amounts of glucocorticoid receptor. The 5 patients lacking this receptor had inactive disease.
Transcobalamin I and other Human R‐Binders: Purification, Structural, Spectral and Physiological Studies
Authors: Nexø Ebba 
Published: August 2010

Transcobalamin I (TCI), a human R‐binder of unknown function, has been purified in the native state by ‘labile ligand affinity chromatography’. By this method protein denaturing agents are avoided, because desorption takes place by dissociation of the insolubilized ligand (cobalamin) simply by a shift in temp.The amino terminal sequence of TCI is identical to those of other R‐binders, and the amino acid composition varies only slightly. A common phylogenetic origin for the R‐binders and intrinsic factor is suggested by the similarity in amino acid composition.Spectral analyses of aquo‐, hydroxo‐, azido‐ and cyanocobalamin, free or attached to TC I suggest that the sixth ligand is donated to the cobalamin from the protein. The observed changes in the spectra are in keeping with the hypothesis that TC I and other R‐binders are enzymes.Turnover studies with iodine‐labelled TC I saturated with cyanocobalamin revealed that it is metabolized with a fractional catabolic rate of 0.15 d‐1, and that the cobalamin is liberated only on degradation of the protein. From these data the amount of cobalamin transported by TC I can be calculated to be approximately 0.1 nmol per day, thus TC I does not play any significant role in the daily transport of cobalamin.
Prognostic Value of in Vitro Bone Marrow Culture in Refractory Anaemia with Excess of Myeloblasts
Authors: Faille A. , Dresch C. , Poirier O. , Balitrand N. , Najean Y. 
Published: August 2010

Bone marrow from 17 patients with refractory anaemia with excess of myeloblasts (RAEM) was cultured in methylcellulose semi‐solid medium.Compared with normal bone marrow, 3 patterns of growth occurred corresponding with different clinical stages of the condition. Patients whose bone marrow grew normal colonies and those who produced a predominance of microclusters had the longest life expectancy, while those who produced a predominance of macroclusters had the shortest life expectancy with a high rate of acute leukaemic transformation. Colony culture appears to be a useful prognostic tool in this condition.
Interrelationships between Blood Volume, Venous Haematocrit and Renal Failure in Myelomatosis
Authors: Hansen Ole Paaske , Drivsholm Aage 
Published: August 2010

Plasma volume (PV), venous haematocrit (PCV) and total blood volume (BV) were measured in 24 patients with untreated myelomatosis using Evans Blue dye technique and PCV corrected for ‘trapped’ plasma and body/venous haematocrit ratio. The state of renal insufficiency was expressed as a serum creatinine and a glomerular filtration rate using 51CrEDTA clearance.The total BV was normal in all but 3 patients, whereas the PCV was subnormal with an average value of 0.267. Consequently, the PV was expanded with an average value of 25 % compared to normal values. The PV was positively corrected to the concentration of gammaglobulin in serum. The 3 patients with increased BV caused by an increased PV had subnormal red blood cell mass and thus a partial haemo‐dilution anaemia only.A highly significant correlation was found between renal clearance and PCV and between renal clearance and the indirectly measured red blood cell mass, respectively (P < 0.001).The data demonstrate that renal failure in myelomatosis is associated by an increase in PV and a decrease in PCV without any change in total BV. No correlation was found between the degree of renal insufficiency and body/venous haematocrit ratio. Thus, the major determining factor in prediction of PCV and red blood cell mass was the glomerular filtration rate. The results are in agreement with the assumption of a nephrogenic pathogenesis in anaemia of myelomatosis.
Beneficial Effect of Granulocyte Transfusions in Patients with Defects in Granulocyte Function and Severe Infections
Authors: Pflieger H. , Arnold R. , Bhaduri S. , Bultmann B. , Goldmann S. F. , Haghou F. , Kubanek B. , Kurrle E. , Niethammer D. 
Published: August 2010

A 3‐year‐old boy (patient A) with a congenital and a 24‐year‐old man (patient B) with an acquired granulocyte function defect received supportive granulocyte transfusions for the management of severe infections. The boy had suffered from recurrent infections since birth. His granulocytes showed in vitro almost no chemotactic responsiveness, an impaired phagocytosis and reduced intracellular killing of Candida albicans. Family studies suggested that it was an inherited autosomal recessive defect. The child developed a Pseudomonas pneumonia at the age of 3 years, which did not respond to antibiotic therapy. Granulocyte transfusions were then started and soon after the fever and pneumonia disappeared.Patient B showed the haematological signs of a preleukaemic state. He had 3 recurrent episodes of furunculosis which led each time to cellulitis and septic temperatures accompanied by symptoms of an enterocolitis. Tests of granulocyte function in vitro showed reduced intracellular killing of Staphylococcus aureus. Granulocyte transfusions were started, since no clinical improvement could be attained by antibiotics. With transfusion therapy, fever, cellulitis and enterocolitis disappeared each time.
Factor VIII Concentrate Prepared from DDAVP Stimulated Blood Donor Plasma
Authors: Nilsson I. M. , Walter H. , Mikaelsson M. , Vilhardt H. 
Published: August 2010

Human fraction 1‐0 (AHF‐Kabi) was prepared from plasma from blood donors who had received an i.v. injection of DDAVP (0.2 μg per kg b.w.) and tranexamic acid (0.01 g per kg b.w.) 15 min before collection of the blood.The factor VIII preparation from such plasma contained twice as much VIII:C, VIIIR:Ag, and VIIIR:RFC as normal fraction 1‐0.Normal fraction 1‐0 and DDAVP fraction 1‐0 were given to 2 patients with severe haemophilia A. The in vivo response of the DDAVP fraction 1‐0 corresponded to the in vitro values. No differences in survival time were seen.Hence, it is possible to produce factor VIII concentrates with at least double the yield by increasing the factor VIII level in blood donors by i.v. injection of DDAVP.
Cell Proliferation and DNA Dependent DNA Polymerase Estimation in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia during Treatment with Prednisone and Vincristine
Authors: Wantzin Gunhild Lange 
Published: August 2010

The presence of DNA polymerase and primer‐template DNA in lymphoblast nuclei by measuring the in vitro incorporation of3H‐thymidine‐5′‐triphosphate (3H‐TTP) was studied in 10 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Protein synthesis and various other cytokinetic parameters were also studied. After prednisone (P) administration a marked decrease in3H‐TTP labelling index (3H‐TTP LI) was apparent together with an inhibition of3H‐leucine incorporation (3H‐LEU LI) into lymphoblasts. A moderate decrease in3H‐TDR labelling index (3H‐TDR LI) and a later decrease in mitotic index (MI) were seen. Single cell DNA measurements showed a depletion of3H‐TDR labelled lymphoblasts in early part of S‐phase apparent at 24 h lasting up to 54 h after P administration.Vincristine given as a flash injection later in the study period caused an immediate rise of the MI, at the same time the P induced decline in3H‐TTP LI,3H‐TDR LI and3H‐LEU LI were continued in most patients.P is thought to damage the cells both in and outside the cell cycle. In the cell cycle the effect of P is an arresting effect in G1.
Biochemical Studies in Hermansky‐Pudlak Syndrome
Authors: Gerritsen S. M. , Akkerman J. W. N. , Staal G. , Roelofsen B. , Koster J. F. , Sixma J. J. 
Published: August 2010

In order to find the basic defect in the Hermansky‐Pudlak Syndrome (HPS), biochemical studies of platelets and leucocytes were undertaken.Glutathione levels of platelets were normal and regeneration of GSH similar to controls occurred after incubation with diamide (a specific agent for GSH oxidation). Phospholipid and fatty acid composition of HPS platelets was normal. The amount of peroxides found in platelet membranes was not elevated. A subnormal aggregation with arachidonic acid could be obtained in PRP using a high concentration of arachidonic acid (2 mM), but normal malondialdehyde levels were measured, suggesting a normal prostaglandin synthesis in HPS platelets.Glutathion peroxidase and p‐phenylenediamide‐mediated peroxidase (PPD‐peroxidase) were normal in leucocytes of 1 HPS patient. Lysosomal enzymes as far as investigated were normal.
Acute Renal Insufficiency Occurring during Intravenous Desferrioxamine Therapy
Authors: Batey R. , Scott J. , Jain S. , Sherlock Sheila 
Published: August 2010

A patient of 14 years suffering from secondary haemosiderosis and thalassaemia major was treated with i.v. desferrioxamine in doses up to 3 g/d. Urine iron loss ranged from 46–158 mg/d. Despite improvement in cardiac and hepatic status the patient developed acute renal insufficiency of the pre renal type. The possible role of desferrioxamine in this complication is discussed.Desferrioxamine given s.c. or i.v. effects a marked urinary iron loss but its use may not be without significant complications.
Phagocytic Potential of Hairy Cells
Authors: Jansen J. , Meijer C. J. L. M. , Van der Valk P. , de Bruyn W. C. , Leijh P. C. J. , den Ottolander G. J. , van Furth R. 
Published: August 2010

The hairy‐cells (HC) of 10 patients with hairy‐cell leukaemia were studied with several techniques to evaluate their phagocytic potential. Mononuclear cells from normal donors and from patients with acute monocytic leukaemia served as controls.Light microscopically HC seemed to have ingested bacteria or latex particles. Treatment of the cells with lysostaphin, an enzyme that kills extracellular Staphylococcus aureus, showed that almost all ‘ingested’ bacteria were extracellular. Lanthanum nitrate, added during the fixation procedure for electron microscopy, stained both the outer cell membrane and the membranes of the ‘phagosomes’ of the HC, also indicating that the ‘ingested’ particles were extracellular. HC showed no increased oxygen consumption on exposure to bacteria in the presence of serum. Furthermore, HC showed no lysozyme or peroxidase activity, whereas non‐specific esterase activity was much weaker than in monocytes.These findings, which show that HC are essentially non‐phagocytic, constitute strong evidence against a monocytic origin of the malignant cells of hairy‐cell leukaemia.
Suppressor T‐Lymphocytes and Auto‐Anti‐B‐Cell Cytotoxic T‐Lymphocytes in a Case of Acquired Hypogammaglobulinaemia
Authors: Kristensen Tom , Nielsen Johan Lanng , Ellegaard Jørgen 
Published: August 2010

A case of acquired hypogammaglobulinaemia has been examined. Total and differential leucocyte counts and distribution were normal as were the lymphocyte sub‐populations when defined by surface membrane immunoglobulin, E‐, EA‐ and EAC‐rosette techniques.The proliferative response of unseparated lymphocytes to PHA and Con‐A was normal while the response to PWM was clearly impaired. In contrast, testing of purified B‐lymphocytes by PWM was within the normal range. The response to PWM was found to be depressed by adding the patient's T‐lymphocytes to autologous B‐lymphocytes as well as to B‐lymphocytes from 10 normal, healthy controls. The patient's T‐lymphocytes were further tested for cytotoxicity against autologous B‐lymphocytes and B‐lymphocytes from the 10 control individuals. Cytotoxicity was observed against autologous B‐lymphocytes and against the B‐lymphocytes of 3 controls.These findings indicate the presence of peripherally circulating unspecific T‐suppressor lymphocytes and cytotoxic T‐lymphocytes of some immunogenetic specificity. The suppressor and cytotoxic T‐lymphocytes may separately or in combination be involved in the pathogenesis of hypogammaglobulinaemia. Thus, these findings are equivocal but underline the immunologic aspects of the pathogenesis.
Acute Myeloblastic Leukaemia in Sarcoidosis Treated with Methotrexate
Authors: Hermann Christian , Andersen Erik , Videbæk Aage 
Published: August 2010

A 60‐year‐old man with sarcoidosis of skin and knee joints was treated with prednisone and methotrexate (MTX).A total of 590 mg MTX was given over two periods each of 3 months duration.4 1/2 years after the first MTX dose he developed acute myeloid leukaemia.Only one more case of acute myeloid leukaemia following MTX treatment for a benign disease has been described, and until further cases have been reported the correlation might be considered a matter of simple coincidence.
Effect of in Vitro X‐Irradiation on Lymphocyte and Granulocyte Function
Authors: Valerius N. H. , Johansen K. Stæhr , Nielsen O. Saxtrup , Platz P. , Rosenkvist J. , Sørensen H. 
Published: August 2010

Granulocyte transfusions have been complicated by graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) in the recipients. This risk can be eliminated by irradiation of the cell product. The effect of in vitro irradiation on elements of lymphocyte and granulocyte function was therefore studied in order to determine the dose of irradiation which blocked lymphocyte function without affecting the function of granulocytes.Lymphocyte blast transformation after stimulation with mitogens was reduced by 90 % after irradiation with 1500 rad and by 97% after 5000 rad. The response to microbial agents and allogeneic cells was far more radio‐sensitive, being completely abolished after irradiation with 1000 and 500 rad, respectively.Mobility was the function of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) most affected by irradiation, being slightly but significantly reduced after irradiation with 10000–20000 rad. The bactericidal activity was reduced only after irradiation with 40000 rad or more, while the hexose monophosphate shunt activity and the myeloperoxidase activity were largely unaffected by irradiation with doses of up to 120000 rad.Hence the results indicate that the irradiation of leucocytes intended for transfusion with a dose af 2000 rad is likely to prevent GVHD without causing any apparent damage to the PMN.
Candida Pericarditis in a Patient with Leukaemia
Authors: Geisler C. , Ernst P. , Vejlsgaard R. 
Published: August 2010

Candidal pericarditis is extremely rare. Its clinical diagnosis and successful treatment has not been reported earlier.A case is reported of a 30‐year‐old male with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia complicated with exudative pleuropericarditis, probably initially of leukaemic origin. Following persisting fever cultures of blood and pericardial fluid yielded massive growth of candida albicans.After 3 weeks treatment with intravenous amphotericin B, flucytosine and miconazole, the blood and pericardial fluid was sterilized.A sufficient amphotericin B concentration in the pericardial fluid was obtained without local instillation.
Higher Frequency of 5q – Clone in Bone Marrow Mitoses after Culture than by a Direct Method
Authors: Knuutila S. , Vuopio P. , Borgström G. H. , de la Chapelle A. 
Published: August 2010

In a patient with refractory idiopathic sideroblastic anaemia without signs of leukaemia a clone with the karyotype 46, XX, 5q– showed markedly different frequencies in mitotic preparations obtained from bone marrow by different methods. This clone was absent or rare (0–15 %) in preparations made by a direct method and prevalent (55–95%) after culture for 22 h or 46 h in the presence or absence of methotrexate. In cells without the 5q– chromosome there were minor clones with trisomies 8, 14 or 19. These were somewhat more frequent in preparations made by the methotrexate than by the direct method.If these findings are confirmed in larger series of experiments, it will follow that results obtained for different abnormalities and in different disorders by different methods may not be comparable and that modifications of the present cytogenetic methodology for bone marrow may lead to new findings of practical and theoretical significance.
Platelet‐Associated IgG in Acute and Chronic Hepatic Diseases
Authors: Landolfi Raffaele , Leone Giuseppe , Fedeli Giuseppe , Storti Sergio , Laghi Ferdinando , Bizzi Bruno 
Published: August 2010

In order to investigate the role of an immune mechanism in the pathogenesis of thrombocytopenia in hepatic patients, we measured platelet associated IgG (PAIgG) in 84 patients with various hepatic diseases.Increased PAIgG levels were found in 84% of patients with chronic active hepatitis (mean 21.32 ± 8.45 fg/platelet) and in 75% of those with cirrhosis with hepatitis (mean 17.3 ± 11.2 fg/platelet). In these patients there was no significant correlation between PAIgG and platelet count. Increased PAIgG amounts were also observed in some patients with inactive cirrhosis (18%). Normal PAIgG values were found in all patients with acute viral hepatitis and chronic persistent hepatitis.An immunologic mechanism may play a role in the pathogenesis of thrombocytopenia in hepatic patients. Furthermore, measurement of PAIgG may have a great usefulness in the differential diagnosis of chronic hepatic diseases.
Factual or Artificial Inhibition of Fibrinolysis and the Occurrence of Venous Thrombosis in 3 Cases of Behçet's Disease
Authors: Kluft C. , Michiels J. J. , Wijngaards G. 
Published: August 2010

3 patients with Behçet's disease were studied for their fibrinolytic status during exacerbation of the disease accompanied with thrombotic complications.All 3 patients exhibited low euglobulin fibrinolytic activity. This, however, could be attributed to an artificially increased coprecipitation of inhibitors, i.e., C1‐inactivator in the euglobulin fractions. This phenomenon correlated with and was possibly related to inflammatory reactions in the patients.The most severely diseased patient only showed an increased plasmin inhibition in the plasma and a decreased response to venous occlusion. The increased plasmin inhibition was due to a slow type of inhibition, which could not be attributed to known protease inhibitors in blood. Its physiological relevance to fibrinolysis is questionable.There was no evidence for relevant general deviations in the fibrinolytic system in Behçet's disease; only for the severe case may the decreased fibrinolytic potency revealed by venous occlusion have contributed to the extent of the thrombotic manifestations.
Population‐Based Age‐ and Sex‐Specific Incidence Rates in the 4 Main Types of Leukaemia
Authors: Brincker Hans 
Published: August 2010

Due to recent developments in clinical haematology, 98.8% of all 1980 cases of leukaemia reported to the Danish Cancer Registry during the 4‐year period 1973‐76 could be subclassified into the 4 main types of leukaemia. Thus, it has been possible to characterize each of these types more accurately than before regarding age‐ and sex‐specific incidence rates, relative frequency, male/female ratio, and median age at diagnosis.Chronic lymphatic leukaemia constituted 38 % and chronic myeloid leukaemia 15 % of the cases. These figures are larger and smaller, respectively, than these previously reported. The median age of all cases combined was 67 years, and the median age in cases of acute non‐lymphocytic leukaemia was 64 years with 59 % of the latter patients more than 60 years of age. In childhood myeloid leukaemia, an early incidence peak, not previously described, was observed before the age of 2 years.Analysis of Danish leukaemia incidence rates from 1943 and onwards shows no increase over 3 decades in patients less than 75 years of age. Thus, the observed increase in incidence from 5866–9942/100000 during the period studied is limited to the very oldest age groups and is probably due to improved diagnostic efforts.
The Relation of Platelet Kinetics to Bone Marrow Megakaryocytes in Chronic Granulocytic Leukaemia
Authors: Branehög Ingemar , Ridell Børje , Swolin Birgitta , Weinfeld Aleksander 
Published: August 2010

The relation of thrombokinetics to quantitative determinations of megakaryocytes (mgkc) in bone marrow sections was studied in 11 consecutive cases of untreated Ph1‐positive chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL). The results were compared with controls and with previously obtained data in polycythaemia vera (PV), primary thrombocythaemia (PT) and in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP).Platelet survival was significantly reduced in CGL. Platelet production was 5.8 x normal and the mgkc number and volume/μl bone marrow were significantly increased as compared to controls. The increase in mgkc volume was not in proportion to that of number due to a significant decrease of mgkc size.Platelet production was strongly related to mgkc number/mm2 and to the mgkc volume/μl bone marrow. The platelet production rate in relation to a unit of mgkc volume/μl bone marrow was, however, greater in CGL than in controls, PV, PT and ITP. The chief reason for this is most probably the greater expansion of the total bone marrow mass in CGL.