bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IR Spectroscopic Investigations During Oscillations of the CO/NO and the CO/O2 Reaction on Pt and Pd Catalysts II: Palladium
Authors: Schüth F. , Wicke E. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBased on previous work [1–3] oscillations of the CO/O2 reaction on Pd catalysts were reinvestigated with an improved equipment [4]. This allowed analysis of the PdLCO band which was found to oscillate in phase with the absorbance in the BCO band region. A model developed earlier could essentially be confirmed: The oscillations are driven by a CO induced transformation of the 2 × 2 oxygen adstructure to a (√3 × √3)R30° structure. Oscillations were also observed on evaporated Pd films and analyzed by means of IR spectroscopy. The behaviour of these specimen resembles strongly that of supported materials. —Oscillations of the CO/NO reaction on Pd were observed for the first time; they occurred at NO/CO ratios between 0.5 and 2 at temperatures around 600 K. The most prominent feature of this reaction is the low coverage of the Pd surface with molecular species under oscillatory conditions. By means of IR spectroscopy oscillations of NCO bands, counterphase to the reaction rate oscillations were observed, as well as small amplitude oscillations of the COad bands in phase with the reaction rate. These findings, together with results of kinetic investigations, led to a thermokinetic model involving blocking of the Pd surface with Nad and reactivation by desorption of N2. A simplified theoretical analysis revealed the generation of oscillations in such a model. —By measurements on catalyst disks (wafers) spatial inhomogeneities of the reaction rate over the disk surface were detected which might be responsible for the occurrence of chaotic behaviour.
Photochemical production of peroxy radicals and their interaction with aromatic alcohols
Authors: Paál‐Lukács Julia , Gál Dezsö , Butovskaya Galina , Agabekov V. E. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe reaction between 1‐phenylethyl peroxy radicals and 1‐phenyl ethanol, benzyl alcohol and cumyl alcohol has been studied at T = 55°C. The rate coefficients of the hydrogen abstraction reactions for the three alcohols are 18.7 ± 2.7, 17.8 ± 1.9 and 4.8 ± 0.5 M−1 8−1, respectively. In the case of 1‐phenyl ethanol experiments were carried out at T = 25 and 40°C as well, resulting in rate coefficients of 7.3 ± 0.7 and 10.5 ± 0.9 M−1 s−1, while the energy of activation — taking into consideration also the data of Hajdu et al. — was 27.7 ± 0.5 kJ mol−1.
Relationship Between Endothelial Functions and Acetylsalicylic Acid Resistance in Newly Diagnosed Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Sahin Tayfun , Celikyurt Umut , Geyik Bilal , Oner Gökhan , Kilic Teoman , Bildirici Ulas , Kozdag Guliz , Ural Dilek 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackground:We aimed to investigate the effects and dose dependency of aspirin on endothelial functions and prevalence of aspirin resistance in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients without previous drug therapy and development of cardiac complications.Hypothesis:Acetylsalicyclic acid improves endothelial function.Methods:Fifty‐eight hypertensive patients and 61 healthy subjects in the control group were included in the study. Endothelial functions of the patient and control groups were evaluated with brachial artery examination. Patient and control groups were divided into 2 groups. A total of 100 mg and 300 mg of aspirin were given to the separate groups for 1 week. After 1 week, endothelial functions were reevaluated and aspirin resistance examined with a platelet function analyzer (PFA‐100; Dade Behring, Marbourg, Germany).Results:Baseline flow‐mediated dilatation (FMD) change percent in hypertensive patients was 9.8%, and it was significantly lower than in the control group (12%) (P < 0.001). Frequency of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) resistance was 20% and 26% in control and hypertensive patient groups, respectively (P = not significant). ASA resistance was 28% and 24% in 100 mg and 300 mg in hypertensive patients, respectively (P = not significant). FMD change percent increased both in the control and hypertensive groups after ASA treatment from 12.4% to 13.3% and 9.8 % to 11.9 %, respectively. FMD percentage change was significantly increased in hypertensive patients irrespective of ASA resistance (P = 0.02, for ASA resistance [+]; P < 0.012, for ASA resistance [−]).Conclusions:Endothelial functions were impaired more in hypertensive patients compared to the control group. Endothelial functions were improved with all ASA doses in hypertensive patients irrespective of ASA resistance.The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Comparison of catchment and network delineation approaches in complex suburban environments: application to the Chaudanne catchment, France
Authors: Jankowfsky Sonja , Branger Flora , Braud Isabelle , Gironás Jorge , Rodriguez Fabrice 
Published: July 2012

AbstractSuburban areas are subject to strong anthropogenic modifications, which can influence hydrological processes. Sewer systems, ditches, sewer overflow devices and retention basins are introduced and large surface areas are sealed off. The knowledge of accurate flow paths and watershed boundaries in these suburban areas is important for storm water management, hydrological modelling and hydrological data analysis. This study proposes a new method for the determination of the drainage network based on time efficient field investigations and integration of sewer system maps into the drainage network for small catchments of up to 10 km2. A new method is also proposed for the delineation of subcatchments and thus the catchment area. The subcatchments are delineated using a combination of an object‐oriented approach in the urban zone and geographical information system–based terrain analysis with flow direction forcing in the rural zone. The method is applied to the Chaudanne catchment, which belongs to the Yzeron river network and is located in the suburban area of Lyon, France. The resulting subcatchment map gives information about subcatchment response and contribution. The method is compared with six other automatic catchment delineation methods based on stream burning, flow direction forcing and calculation of subcatchments for inlet points. None of the automatic methods could correctly represent the catchment area and flow paths observed in the field. The watershed area calculated with these methods differs by as much as 25% from the area computed with the new method. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bilirubin induces auditory neuropathy in neonatal guinea pigs via auditory nerve fiber damage
Authors: Ye Hai‐Bo , Shi Hai‐Bo , Wang Jian , Ding Da‐Lian , Yu Dong‐Zhen , Chen Zheng‐Nong , Li Chun‐Yan , Zhang Wei‐Tian , Yin Shan‐Kai 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBilirubin can cause temporary or permanent sensorineural deafness in newborn babies with hyperbilirubinemia. However, the underlying targets and physiological effects of bilirubin‐induced damage in the peripheral auditory system are unclear. Using cochlear functional assays and electron microscopy imaging of the inner ear in neonatal guinea pigs, we show here that bilirubin exposure resulted in threshold elevation in both compound action potential (CAP) and auditory brainstem response (ABR), which was apparent at 1 hr and peaked 8 hr after drug administration. The threshold elevation was associated with delayed wave latencies and elongated interwave intervals in ABR and CAP. At 72 hr postinjection, these measures returned to control levels, except for the CAP amplitude. Cochlear microphonics remained unchanged during the experiment. Morphological abnormalities were consistent with the electrophysiological dysfunction, revealing fewer auditory nerve fibers (ANFs) in the basal turn, myelin sheath lesions of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) and ANFs, and loss of type 1 afferent endings beneath inner hair cells (IHCs) without loss of hair cells at 8 hr posttreatment. Similar to the electrophysiological findings, morphological changes were mostly reversed 10 days after treatment, except for the ANF reduction in the basal turn. These results suggest that hyperbilirubinemia in neonatal guinea pigs impaired auditory peripheral neuromechanisms that targeted mainly the IHC synapses and the myelin sheath of SGNs and their fibers. Our observations indicate a potential connection between hyperbilirubinemia and auditory neuropathy. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Do dynamic‐based MR knee kinematics methods produce the same results as static methods?
Authors: d'Entremont Agnes G. , Nordmeyer‐Massner Jurek A. , Bos Clemens , Wilson David R. , Pruessmann Klaas P. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractMR‐based methods provide low risk, noninvasive assessment of joint kinematics; however, these methods often use static positions or require many identical cycles of movement. The study objective was to compare the 3D kinematic results approximated from a series of sequential static poses of the knee with the 3D kinematic results obtained from continuous dynamic movement of the knee. To accomplish this objective, we compared kinematic data from a validated static MR method to a fast static MR method, and compared kinematic data from both static methods to a newly developed dynamic MR method. Ten normal volunteers were imaged using the three kinematic methods (dynamic, static standard, and static fast). Results showed that the two sets of static results were in agreement, indicating that the sequences (standard and fast) may be used interchangeably. Dynamic kinematic results were significantly different from both static results in eight of 11 kinematic parameters: patellar flexion, patellar tilt, patellar proximal translation, patellar lateral translation, patellar anterior translation, tibial abduction, tibial internal rotation, and tibial anterior translation. Three‐dimensional MR kinematics measured from dynamic knee motion are often different from those measured in a static knee at several positions, indicating that dynamic‐based kinematics provides information that is not obtainable from static scans. Magn Reson Med, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quality of life in childhood immune thrombocytopenia: International validation of the kids' ITP tools
Authors: Klaassen Robert J. , Blanchette Victor , Burke Tricia A. , Wakefield Cindy , Grainger John D. , Gaedicke Gerhard , Riedlinger Arne , Dufort Gustavo , Citrin Estela , Reguerre Yves , Pellier Isabelle , Curtis Christine , Young Nancy L. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe Kids ITP Tools (KIT) is a disease‐specific measure of health‐related quality of life for children with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). To facilitate use in international trials it has been cross‐culturally adapted for France, Germany, the United Kingdom and Uruguay. This study assessed the validity and reliability of the translated KIT in comparison to generic quality of life measures.MethodsChildren 2–18 years of age with ITP and their parents were recruited in France, Germany, the United Kingdom and Uruguay. Participants completed the KIT, PedsQL and KINDL. We examined the Pearson's correlation between these measures for our pooled sample and estimated the reliability over a 2‐week time period. Findings were further explored by country.ResultsA total of 127 families (81 children self‐reported) participated. Mean child‐reported scores were: KIT 74.3 (SD = 15.3), PedsQL 81.3 (SD = 13.0), and KINDL 70.5 (SD = 14.3). Corresponding mean parent proxy‐reported scores were: 70.6 (SD = 18.1), 75.7 (SD = 16.8) and 72.3 (SD = 12.7), respectively. Correlation between KIT and the generic measures was consistent with our a priori hypothesis (PedsQL r = 0.54, KINDL r = 0.48, both P < 0.0001). Child KIT scores for newly diagnosed ITP patients were significantly lower than for chronic ITP patients (67.3 vs. 77.3; P = 0.005). There was a significant correlation (P < 0.001) between the child and parent proxy KIT scores (ICC = 0.52). Child KIT test‐retest reliability was acceptable at 0.71.ConclusionsThe cross‐culturally translated KIT is valid and reliable with acceptable correlation to the PedsQL and KINDL. There is a significant difference in child self‐reported KIT scores between newly diagnosed and chronic ITP. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 95–100. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assessing the cognitive abilities of culturally and linguistically diverse students: Predictive validity of verbal, quantitative, and nonverbal tests
Authors: Lakin Joni M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractVerbal and quantitative reasoning tests provide valuable information about cognitive abilities that are important to academic success. Information about these abilities may be particularly valuable to teachers of students who are English‐language learners (ELL), because leveraging reasoning skills to support comprehension is a critical aptitude for their academic success. However, due to concerns about cultural bias, many researchers advise exclusive use of nonverbal tests with ELL students despite a lack of evidence that nonverbal tests provide greater validity for these students. In this study, a test measuring verbal, quantitative, and nonverbal reasoning was administered to a culturally and linguistically diverse sample of students. The two‐year predictive relationship between ability and achievement scores revealed that nonverbal scores had weaker correlations with future achievement than did quantitative and verbal reasoning ability scores for ELL and non‐ELL students. Results do not indicate differential prediction and do not support the exclusive use of nonverbal tests for ELL students. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Critical behavior of multiferroic hexagonal RMnO3
Authors: Bahoosh S. G. , Wesselinowa J. M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractUsing a microscopic model and a Green's function technique we have studied the critical behavior of some multiferroics such as hexagonal RMnO3. The temperature dependence and the external field dependence of the magnetization and susceptibility are determined. The critical exponents β and γ are calculated. Applying the scaling laws α, δ, and ν are also obtained. The critical exponents are in very good agreement with the existing experimental data.
Effect of speed on the upper and contralateral lower limb coordination during gait in individuals with stroke
Authors: Bovonsunthonchai Sunee , Hiengkaew Vimonwan , Vachalathiti Roongtiwa , Vongsirinavarat Mantana , Tretriluxana Jarugool 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe purposes of this study were to investigate the upper and contralateral lower limb coordination and to study the effect of speed on the upper and contralateral lower limb coordination in individuals with stroke and control groups. Thirty individuals with stroke who were able to walk independently without using any assistive devices and 30 control individuals were recruited for the study. Upper and contralateral lower limb coordination was analyzed using the shoulder and contralateral hip displacements in the sagittal plane. All data were analyzed by three‐dimensional gait analysis. Results demonstrated high degrees of coordination in the upper and contralateral lower limbs of the controls and in the unaffected upper and affected lower limbs of individuals with stroke. Gait speed was found to be associated with the upper and contralateral lower limb coordination in individuals with stroke but not in the controls. The findings implied that the affected upper limb plays an important role for improving gait coordination and is necessary for gait performance in individuals with stroke. Thus, health professionals should exercise the affected arm to increase efficiency of walking in individuals with stroke.
SITTING AND STANDING: HOW FAMILIES ARE FIXING TRUST IN UNCERTAIN TIMES
Authors: Cooper Elizabeth 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTThere is widespread apprehension about the resilience of the ‘traditional African’ model of the extended family in maintaining norms and practices of inter-group cooperation and care in conditions of demographic, social and economic change. In Nyanza Province, Kenya, where one of every five children is currently orphaned, and HIV/AIDS and wide-scale poverty continue to render lives and livelihoods insecure, many people are not able to take their families' care for granted. Ideas and practices of kinship have been challenged profoundly by questions regarding who is responsible for the care of orphaned children. This article looks at two complementary practices among Luo families in western Kenya that address such dilemmas: the communal initiative of ‘sitting’ as a family to discuss and resolve issues in a cooperative and consensual manner; and the individualistic initiative of ‘standing’ to represent the interests of another individual. I suggest that while the immediate purposes of sitting and standing are pragmatic in assigning caring responsibilities for specific children, their eventfulness also actualizes something greater: trust, reciprocity and solidarity among extended families.
Agriculture in the Inner Hebrides
Authors: Grant J. W. , MacLeod A. 
Published: July 2012

SynopsisThe Inner Hebrides consist of a long chain of islands varying greatly in topography and extending from Skye in the North to Islay off the southern coast of Argyll. The group includes the islands of Raasay, South Rona, Soay. Scalpay, Pabay, Canna, Rhum, Eigg, Muck, Coll, Tiree, Colonsay, Oronsay, Jura, Gigha, Luing, Scarba, Mull, Ulva, Gometra, Lismore, Kererra, Shuna and Iona.There are in addition numerous small islands which, although no longer cultivated or inhabited are utilised for grazing stock by farmers and crofters from adjacent islands and from the mainland.Agricultural land use and livestock production on the islands is governed largely by soil type, elevation, exposure and grazing quality. An aspect of increasing importance is the proportion of arable land relative to hill and mountain grazing. Cattle stocks in particular tend to be limited to the quantity of winter fodder which can be home-conserved since the prohibitive costs of importing fodder by road and sea are a serious constraint on the profitability of cattle raising.Until recent times cropping on the arable land of many of the islands followed a traditional seven year rotation of oats, roots and potatoes, sow-out to grass under a cereal nurse crop followed by three years of hay conservation or grazing. During the past ten years there has been an increasing swing from mixed cropping towards grasslands production. On many farms and crofts the emphasis on conservation lies in hay-making but silage has become increasingly popular particularly on larger farm units in Islay, Gigha, Luing and Mull.Current statistics indicate that the livestock population of the islands consists of 166,250 breeding ewes, 13,850 beef type breeding cows and 1,770 dairy cows together with their followers.Sheep are mainly of Blackface breed but on Skye are found some 12,000 Cheviots with further Cheviot flocks located on Eigg, Canna, Rhum, Scalpay and Soay.On the fertile machairs of Tiree and Iona sheep stocks are composed of Leicester/Down X ewes which are mated usually with Suffolk and X Suffolk rams.Dairy farming is centred mainly on Islay and Gigha. There is a creamery on each of those islands, the Islay Creamery processing some 3,043 million litres of milk annually while the creamery unit on Gigha has a throughput of 1·431 million litres.Transport costs, ageing population in the crofting sector and the vast number of small units all contribute to the many problems which face islands agriculture at the present time.
Fulfilling the metabolic requirements for cell proliferation
Authors: Moncada Salvador , Higgs E. Annie , Colombo Sergio L. 
Published: July 2012

The activity of key metabolic enzymes is regulated by the ubiquitin ligases that control the function of the cyclins; therefore the activity of these ubiquitin ligases explains the coordination of cell-cycle progression with the supply of substrates necessary for cell duplication. APC/C (anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome)-Cdh1, the ubiquitin ligase that controls G1- to S-phase transition by targeting specific degradation motifs in cell-cycle proteins, also regulates the glycolysis-promoting enzyme PFKFB3 (6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase isoform 3) and GLS1 (glutaminase 1), a critical enzyme in glutaminolysis. A decrease in the activity of APC/C-Cdh1 in mid-to-late G1 releases both proteins, thus explaining the simultaneous increase in the utilization of glucose and glutamine during cell proliferation. This occurs at a time consistent with the point in G1 that has been described as the nutrient-sensitive restriction point and is responsible for the transition from G1 to S. PFKFB3 is also a substrate at the onset of S-phase for the ubiquitin ligase SCF (Skp1/cullin/F-box)-β-TrCP (β-transducin repeat-containing protein), so that the activity of PFKFB3 is short-lasting, coinciding with a peak in glycolysis in mid-to-late G1, whereas the activity of GLS1 remains high throughout S-phase. The differential regulation of the activity of these proteins indicates that a finely-tuned set of mechanisms is activated to fulfil specific metabolic demands at different stages of the cell cycle. These findings have implications for the understanding of cell proliferation in general and, in particular, of cancer, its prevention and treatment.
Should I Stay or Should I Go? The Influence of Genetic Origin on Emigration Behavior and Physiology of Resident and Anadromous Juvenile Oncorhynchus mykiss
Authors: Hayes Sean A. , Hanson Chad V. , Pearse Devon E. , Bond Morgan H. , Garza John Carlos , MacFarlane R. Bruce 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
We investigated the interaction among genetically identified origin, behavioral tendency to emigrate, and Na+, K+-ATPase enzyme activity in recently diverged subpopulations of resident (above-barrier) rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and steelhead (anadromous rainbow trout) in Scott Creek, California. Genetic assignment tests found that the frequency of resident and anadromous origin fish varied by sampling location within the watershed. Individuals immediately below barriers assigned to both above-barrier (37%) and anadromous (63%) subpopulations, and distinct differences in size and age were observed. However, the majority of downstream migration behavior occurred in fish of anadromous ancestry, which represented 97% of the fish sampled as outmigrating smolts. Nonmigratory fish of both life history types and origins typically had low Na+, K+-ATPase activity levels throughout most of the year, but significantly elevated levels were observed in individuals from both groups during the spring smolt migration period. Conversely, many fish sampled in the upper watershed with anadromous genotypes were greater than typical smolt size thresholds for this population yet appeared unlikely to migrate based on low Na+, K+-ATPase activity. Life history pathways of O. mykiss in this population are strongly influenced but not entirely determined by origin in the resident or anadromous subpopulation, and this relationship has implications for recovery of populations impacted by dams, water diversions, and residualized hatchery fish. Further, this work demonstrates the need to consider resident rainbow trout as potentially important resources for recovery of threatened and endangered steelhead populations.
Received September 4, 2011; accepted April 12, 2012