bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is tissue engineering and biomaterials the future for lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD)/pelvic organ prolapse (POP)?
Authors: Aboushwareb Tamer , Mckenzie Patrick , Wezel Felix , Southgate Jennifer , Badlani Gopal 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have seen major advances over the span of the past two decades, with biomaterials playing a central role. Although the term “regenerative medicine” has been applied to encompass most fields of medicine, in fact urology has been one of the most progressive. Many urological applications have been investigated over the past decades, with the culmination of these technologies in the introduction of the first laboratory‐produced organ to be placed in a human body.1 With the quality of life issues associated with urinary incontinence, there is a strong driver to identify and introduce new technologies and the potential exists for further major advancements from regenerative medicine approaches using biomaterials, cells or a combination of both. A central question is why use biomaterials? The answer rests on the need to make up for inadequate or lack of autologous tissue, to decrease morbidity and to improve long‐term efficacy. Thus, the ideal biomaterial needs to meet the following criteria: (1) Provide mechanical and structural support, (2) Maintain compliance and be biocompatible with surrounding tissues, and (3) Be “fit for purpose” by meeting specific application needs ranging from static support to bioactive cell signaling. In essence, this represents a wide range of biomaterials with a spectrum of potential applications, from use as a supportive or bulking implant alone, to implanted biomaterials that promote integration and eventual replacement by infiltrating host cells, or scaffolds pre‐seeded with cells prior to implant. In this review we shall discuss the structural versus the integrative uses of biomaterials by referring to two key areas in urology of (1) pelvic organ support for prolapse and stress urinary incontinence, and (2) bladder replacement/augmentation. Neurourol. Urodynam. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30:775–782, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Estrogens and the lower urinary tract
Authors: Robinson Dudley , Cardozo Linda 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe urogenital tract is sensitive to the effect of oestrogen and progesterone throughout adult life. Epidemiological studies have implicated oestrogen deficiency in the aetiology of lower urinary tract symptoms occurring following the menopause. Although to date the role of oestrogen replacement therapy in the management of postmenopausal urinary incontinence remains controversial its use in the management of women complaining of urogenital atrophy is now well established.This aim of this paper is to review the recent evidence regarding the urogenital effects of hormone therapy with a particular emphasis on the management of postmenopausal urinary incontinence, overactive bladder, recurrent lower urinary tract infections and urogenital atrophy. In addition to a review of the available evidence suggestions are also made regarding priorities for further research in the field. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30:754–757, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neuromodulation for intractable OAB
Authors: Apostolidis Apostolos 
Published: June 2011

AbstractTo review the current status of sacral neuromodulation (SNM) in the treatment of intractable overactive bladder symptoms, the PubMed English‐language literature was used to address efficacy, technical issues, alternative techniques, the mechanism of action, adverse events, the cost‐effectiveness, and current considerations on the use of SNM as second‐line treatment in OAB. Several studies attest to the short‐ and long‐term efficacy of SNM in reducing urgency incontinence and the remaining OAB symptoms. Few, medium‐sized sample, randomized controlled trials exist. Little is known about long‐term patient satisfaction from SNM and prognostic factors have not been identified. Technical advances have significantly improved patient selection and outcomes, as well as complication rates, but revision rates still remain high. The mechanism of action remains largely unknown, but appears to be associated with reorganization of spinal reflexes and regulation of cortical activity. Reports on cost‐effectiveness are conflicting. Less invasive forms of SNM may offer a viable alternative to central SNM. In conclusion, current evidence supports the short‐ and long‐term efficacy of SNM in treating intractable OAB, but further research is needed to improve patient selection, identify prognostic factors, clarify the mechanism of action and reduce complications and revision rates. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30:766–770, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pulsed magnetic stimulation with a high‐frequency continuous magnetic stimulator (SMN‐X) does not exert an adverse effect on genital organs and the estrous cycle in female Iar:Wistar‐Imamichi rats
Authors: Sato Eiichi , Ueda Yoshihiko , Imai Yasuo , Suda Shin , Nakamura Tsukasa , Yamanishi Tomonori , Shinoda Motoo 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAimsTo histopathologically verify whether high‐frequency continuous stimulation exerts adverse effects on genital organs (uterus and ovaries) and the estrous cycle in rats through comparison of 3 groups.MethodsThe device studied was a high‐frequency continuous magnetic stimulator (SMN‐X, Nihon Kohden, Tokyo). Thirteen female Iar:Wistar‐Imamichi rats (SPF) were randomly divided into 3 groups: active treatment (MS) group (n = 7), sham treatment group, where rats were placed on a table 1 m away from the stimulator so that they could hear the sounds of the stimulator (n = 3) and control (no treatment) group (n = 3). The MS group underwent thirty‐six 25‐minute sessions of pulsed magnetic stimulation at the maximum output level (560 mT peak) (once/day, 5 days/week). At the end of the study period, the uterus and ovaries were removed for histological examinations. Estradiol and progesterone levels were assayed and the estrous cycle, bodyweight gain and daily behaviors were recorded.ResultsFrom results of histopathology and endocrinology, assays of the estrous cycle, and recordings of bodyweight gain and organ weight, no adverse effects of long‐term pulsed magnetic stimulation were noted. There were no significant intergroup differences with regard to any item evaluated.ConclusionIn the study setting, SMN‐X did not exert any adverse effect on the uterus, ovaries, estrous cycle and hormone levels as well as blood cell counts, bodyweight gain and daily behavior in female SPF rats. The present results may be a step forward in the discussion of the safety of SMN‐X for clinical use in humans. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30: 1675–1680, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modeling the urinary tract—computational, physical, and biological methods
Authors: Fry C.H. , Sadananda P. , Wood D.N. , Thiruchelvam N. , Jabr R.I. , Clayton R. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractModels of the lower urinary tract are used to understand better the physiological and pathological functions of the tract and to gain insight into the relative importance of different components. The key requirement of a model is described, namely: to involve a continuous iteration with experiment; whereby experiments provide parameters and validation for components of the model, which is then used to generate hypotheses, which are tested experimentally. Different types of models are described: computational models that describe mathematically the whole urinary tract or components; physical models useful especially in testing medical devices; and tissue‐engineered models. The purpose of modeling is first described in terms of the ability of models to predict the properties of the system of interest, using components that have a physiological interpretation, and to gain insight into the relative importance of different components. Examples are used to illustrate the use of modeling the urinary tract with reference to the different categories listed above. Neurourol. Urodynam. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30:692–699, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Afferent signaling from the bladder: Species differences evident from extracellular recordings of pelvic and hypogastric nerves
Authors: De Wachter Stefan 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe afferent nervous system plays an important role in the regulation of lower urinary tract (LUT) function. Multiple methods to study the afferent nervous system in the LUT have been described. This overview focuses on extracellular afferent nerve recordings of the pelvic and hypogastric nerves in cat, rat, mouse, and guinea pig from in vivo and in vitro models and considers how such recordings may lend to the understanding of interspecies differences. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30:647–652, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mechanisms of continence and surgical cure in female and male SUI: Surgical research initiatives
Authors: Staskin David , Tubaro Andrea , Norton Peggy A. , Ashton‐Miller James A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAimsTo report the conclusions of the Think Tank on mechanisms of incontinence and surgical cure in female and male SUI: surgical research initiatives during the ICI‐RS meeting in 2010.MethodsThe sub‐group considered five areas for future research in stress urinary incontinence (SUI); (i) epidemiology and public health efforts in SUI, (ii) the basic sciences examining the physiology and pathophysiology of the continence mechanism, (iii) diagnostic techniques and clinical assessment of SUI, (iv) the future of treatment and surgical cure, and (v) the separate issue of male SUI.ResultsRoadblocks to progress were identified for each of the five directions.ConclusionsFuture research directions are suggested for each of these areas. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30:704–707, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Organizational change in the U.S. Afghan diaspora: A response to homeland events or heightened government scrutiny?
Authors: Kerlin Janelle A. , Manikowski Susan 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis article examines factors behind a post–September 11, 2001, increase in the number of U.S.‐based Afghan nonprofits registering or filing with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) for the first time. The nonprofit literature suggests that increased government scrutiny of charitable activities has caused nonprofits to change their behavior. However, empirical evidence behind these claims is lacking. Philanthropy researchers also discuss the response of ethnic diasporas in the United States to crises and other events in their homelands, though rarely from an organizational perspective. This study examines whether heightened government scrutiny, homeland events, or some other factor was most responsible for the increase in U.S.‐based Afghan nonprofits initiating IRS contact following September 11. Survey research finds that Afghan nonprofits, though arguably greater targets for IRS scrutiny due to their Middle East connections, were more motivated by events in their homeland than by heightened government scrutiny to register and file with the IRS.
Nonprofit watchdogs: Do they serve the average donor?
Authors: Cnaan Ram A. , Jones Kathleen , Dickin Allison , Salomon Michele 
Published: June 2011

AbstractNonprofit watchdog organizations—organizations devoted to rating the accountability and transparency of nonprofits—claim to serve donors who are selecting which nonprofits to support. However, using three waves of the Harris Interactive Donor Pulse, we found that the overwhelming majority of donors (77.6 percent) do not consult these online intermediaries when making donations. Those who do are likely to fall into one of two groups: donors who give large sums of money or donors who are engaged in advocacy. We conclude with conceptual and practical implications.
Enhanced Euler's method to a free boundary porous media flow problem
Authors: Zhang Jianying , Jiang Bin 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe study an ODE‐based iterative method, the residual velocity method, for steady state free boundary problems. The convergence analysis of the method, as well as the numerical implementation based on Euler's method were provided by Donaldson and Wetton (J Appl Math 71 (2006), 877–897). In this article, we develop an enhanced Euler's method which is nearly as simple as the modified Euler's method but can achieve a rapid convergence rate similar to the fourth‐order Runge‐Kutta method. Numerical results are also provided to verify the validity of our method. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2012
Response to steroids predicts response to rituximab in pediatric chronic immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Grace Rachael F. , Bennett Carolyn M. , Ritchey A. Kim , Jeng Michael , Thornburg Courtney D. , Lambert Michele P. , Neier Michelle , Recht Michael , Kumar Manjusha , Blanchette Victor , Klaassen Robert J. , Buchanan George R. , Kurth Margaret Heisel , Nugent Diane J. , Thompson Alexis A. , Stine Kimo , Kalish Leslie A. , Neufeld Ellis J. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackgroundTreatment choice in pediatric immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is arbitrary, because few studies are powered to identify predictors of therapy response. Increasingly, rituximab is becoming a treatment of choice in those refractory to other therapies.MethodsThe objective of this study was to evaluate univariate and multivariable predictors of platelet count response to rituximab. After local IRB approval, 565 patients with chronic ITP enrolled and met criteria for this study in the longitudinal, North American Chronic ITP Registry (NACIR) between January 2004 and October 2010. Treatment response was defined as a post‐treatment platelet count ≥50,000/µl within 16 weeks of rituximab and 14 days of steroids. Treatment response data were captured both retrospectively at enrollment and then prospectively.ResultsEighty (14.2%) patients were treated with rituximab with an overall response rate of 63.8% (51/80). Univariate correlates of response to rituximab included the presence of secondary ITP and a positive response to steroids. In multivariable analysis, response to steroids remained a strong correlate of response to rituximab, OR 6.8 (95% CI 2.0–23.0, P = 0.002). Secondary ITP also remained a strong predictor of response to rituximab, OR 5.6 (95% CI 1.1–28.6, P = 0.04). Although 87.5% of patients who responded to steroids responded to rituximab, 48% with a negative response to steroids did respond to rituximab.ConclusionIn the NACIR, response to steroids and presence of secondary ITP were strong correlates of response to rituximab, a finding not previously reported in children or adults. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 221–225. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of diagnostic performance of CT for detection of tumor thrombus in children with Wilms tumor: A report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Khanna Geetika , Rosen Nancy , Anderson James R. , Ehrlich Peter F. , Dome Jeffrey S. , Gow Kenneth W. , Perlman Elizabeth , Barnhart Douglas , Karolczuk Kathryn , Grundy Paul 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackgroundPre‐operative assessment of intravascular extension of Wilms tumor is essential to guide management. Our aim is to evaluate the diagnostic performance of multidetector CT in detection of tumor thrombus in Wilms tumor.ProcedureThe study population was drawn from the first 1,015 cases in the AREN03B2 study of the Children's Oncology Group. CT scans of children with (n = 62) and without (n = 111) tumor thrombus at nephrectomy were independently reviewed by two radiologists, blinded to patient information. Doppler sonography results were obtained from institutional radiology reports, as Doppler requires real‐time evaluation. The diagnostic performance of CT and Doppler for detection of tumor thrombus was determined using nephrectomy findings as reference standard.ResultsIn the primary nephrectomy group, tumor thrombus detection sensitivity, specificity of CT was 65.6, 84.8%, and Doppler was 45.8, 95.7%, respectively. In this group, sensitivity of CT, Doppler for detection of cavoatrial thrombus was 84.6 and 70.0%, respectively. In the secondary nephrectomy group, tumor thrombus detection sensitivity, specificity of CT was 86.7, 90.6%, and Doppler was 66.7, 100.0%, respectively. In this group, sensitivity of CT, Doppler for detection of cavoatrial thrombus was 96.0 and 68.8%, respectively. Pre‐operative Doppler evaluation performed in 108/173 cases, detected 3 cases with intravenous extension (2 in renal vein, 1 in IVC at renal vein level) that were missed at CT.ConclusionsCT can accurately identify cavoatrial tumor thrombus that will impact surgical approach. Routine Doppler evaluation, after CT has already been performed, is not required in Wilms tumor. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 551–555. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dielectric property and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of ethylene vinyl acetate‐based conductive composites: Effect of different type of carbon fillers
Authors: Sohi N.J.S. , Rahaman M. , Khastgir D. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractCarbon black, short carbon fiber (SCF), and multiwall carbon nano‐tube (MWNT)‐filled conductive composites were prepared from ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer. The dielectric property and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding of carbon black, MWNT, and SCF‐filled composites were studied with different filler loadings. The dielectric constant and loss of filled polymer composites is due to the formation of interfacial polarization in the polymer matrix. It was found that the dielectric constant, dielectric loss, and EMI shielding of filled composites depends on amount and type of filler loading. The results of different experiments have been discussed in the light of break down and formation of continuous conductive network in polymer matrix. The results indicate that these composites can be used as effective EMI shielding materials. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Fetal surgery for cardiac lesions
Authors: Arzt Wolfgang , Tulzer Gerald 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIntrauterine dilation of critical fetal aortic stenosis (AS) and pulmonary stenosis or atresia has the potential to change the natural course of these congenital heart defects preventing progression to a single ventricle circulation. This article reviews the world experience in fetal cardiac interventions. In carefully selected cases, fetal cardiac surgery can reverse end‐stage heart failure and can provide biventricular outcome postnatally in about two thirds of the cases with successful interventions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The safe use of insulin e‐learning module: successful roll out of a teaching programme for all working in diabetes
Authors: James J , Atkins H , Sturgess I , Malik R , Rayman G , Morton A , Hillson R , Gregory R 
Published: June 2011

AbstractInsulin is often used in the management of hyperglycaemia but prescribing and management errors are common. A UK audit revealed 3881 wrong dose incidents and six deaths over six years (National Patient Safety Agency 2010, NPSA). The NPSA and NHS Diabetes launched a tri‐phase education initiative in June 2010, aimed at reducing error and including rapid response reports sent to all hospital and community trusts, written supporting information and recommendations, and access to an e‐learning module and assessment.The aim of this project was to improve all health care professionals' (HCPs') knowledge in the safe use of insulin through e‐learning.A safer use of insulin e‐learning module commissioned by NHS Diabetes and the NPSA was developed by a hospital trust and piloted by multidisciplinary HCPs from UK hospital and community settings. Developers used established web‐based contacts to promote access. Reminders were sent to those not completing within three months. The number, type, workplace location and percentage of those accessing and completing the module were audited weekly to assess uptake.Eight‐month data revealed 31 089 registrations from a wide range of HCPs with 64% (n=19 947) completing. Workplace data showed that more than half of completers worked in secondary care (59%), 22% in primary care, and 19% in community settings. Early data show positive learner feedback.E‐learning provides an accessible method of education delivery to large multidisciplinary populations; module efficacy can be audited through collection and comparison of locally and nationally reported insulin errors. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons.
Surface modification using bio‐inspired adhesive polymers based on polyaspartamide derivatives
Authors: An Jung Hyun , Huynh Ngoc Thach , Sil Jeon Young , Kim Ji‐Heung 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe catechol functional group of dopamine (3,4‐dihydroxyphenethylamine) has the ability to form strong adhesive bonds to inorganic and organic surfaces in aqueous environments. In this study, novel adhesive polyaspartamides containing catechol pendant groups were synthesized from polysuccinimide through successive aminolysis reactions with quantitative dopamine and ethylenediamine. The adhesion and crosslinking of dopamine‐modified polyaspartamide in aqueous alkaline media was used successfully to modify the surface of various materials (including synthetic polymers, metals, metal oxides, ceramics) using a simple immersion method. Contact angle measurements, SEM and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy of the modified surfaces were used to verify the surface coating on a variety of materials with very different inherent wetting properties. These novel biocompatible polymers have potential industrial and biomedical applications as adhesives or coating materials for functional surface modification. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
The effect of nanospheres on the permeability of PA6/SiO2 nanocomposites
Authors: Dougnac Vivianne N. , Peoples Brian C. , Quijada Raúl 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe permeation of O2, N2 and H2O through polyamide‐6 nanocomposites, prepared with silica nanospheres of different diameters, is reported in this contribution. The mechanical and thermal properties were also evaluated. The nanocomposites were produced by melt mixing the polyamide‐6 with silica nanospheres 12–150 nm in diameter, prepared using standard sol‐gel methods; it was found that the addition of 3 wt% of silica nanospheres to the polyamide‐6 matrix results in an increase in the O2 and N2 permeability. This increase was inversely correlated with the nanosphere diameter but directly correlated with the number of spheres added to the matrix, using the same percentage by weight. The same behaviour was found for the water vapour transmission rate. The increase in permeability is probably due to the formation of voids around the particles, which increases the free volume of the polymer. The addition of the nanospheres, regardless of the sphere diameter, generated an increase of 6% in the Young's modulus, a decrease of 65% in the elongation at break and a 24% decrease in the percentage of crystallinity. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Coating cells with cationic silica–magnetite nanocomposites for rapid purification of integral plasma membrane proteins
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zhao Chao , Wang Sheng , Fang Caiyun , Xu Yawei , Lu Haojie , Yang Pengyuan 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis study developed a simple and rapid purification method for plasma membrane with high yields from adherent cells. The plasma membrane (PM) sheets could be absorbed specifically by the cationic silica–magnetite nanocomposites (CSMN) under acidic conditions, and recovered directly in cell‐lysis‐buffer with no need for precipitation. The binding between CSMN and PM sheets was confirmed by electron microscopy. Western blot analysis demonstrated a >10‐fold relative enrichment factor. Up to 422 integral membrane proteins were identified from 107 Huh7 cells. Notably, we found 29 Ras family proteins by classification according to their biological functions. The whole enrichment procedure took <30 min. The CSMN‐based procedure demonstrates a simple, economical and efficient enrichment of integral PM proteins in proteomic study.