bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intelligent Completions and Horizontal Wells Increase Production and Reduce Free-Gas and Water in Mature Fields
Authors: Rodriguez J. C. , Figueroa A. R. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
The maturity of the giant fields has resulted in a large number of complex operational and reservoir management problems. The reservoirs pressure has substantially dropped as a natural outcome of the accelerate production rhythm sustained by the field during the productive life. The gas-oil contact and oil-water contact have reached the production intervals in many wells. Horizontal wells have proved to be a valid alternative to drain narrow oil columns in this naturally fractured reservoir. To be able to recover the reserves at sufficiently high rates, new ideas and state of the art technologies need to be implemented to innovate the production process, particularly well completions, to maintain the oil production plateau.
In the mature fields the objective is to maximize production rates to effectively drain the reserves, while minimizing intervention costs. Intelligent wells will be used to increase productivities and recoveries in a less expensive manner, and to significantly reduce the production of free gas and water.
The proposed innovative completion system consists of remotely actuated flow control systems with permanent downhole gauges to permanently monitor the production variables and take actions in real time. This alternative is significantly more effective than the traditional procedure, consisting of selective completions that require expensive subsea interventions to close one zone to open the next one.
In this work, the applicability of multi-purpose intelligent completions for highly productive oil reservoirs has been evaluated from both, the productivity and the operational standpoints. Mandrels will be fitted with intelligent gas lift valves that can be operated from the surface, using downhole gauges for reservoir and production surveillance. Design criteria will be discussed in detail to verify that every productivity case is fully optimized.
Residual Income Compensation Plans and Deferred Taxes
Authors: Johnson Nicole Bastian 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT: Residual income is a popular performance metric that is often calculated from financial accounting numbers. Practitioners argue that financial accounting earnings and book value suffer from various biases and should be adjusted prior to the residual income calculation so that the resulting residual income metric will have better incentive properties, but they often disagree about what the adjustments should be.
Using the criterion that a residual income performance metric should align owner and managerial investment incentives, I develop a simple investment model to show how financial accounting choices and adjustments must be chosen jointly to achieve incentive alignment. In particular, I examine conflicting recommendations from the practitioner literature about the proper adjustment for deferred taxes and show that more than one adjustment method can achieve incentive alignment if paired with the correct depreciation schedule. Further, I show that relationships among accounting variables introduce constraints that make some policies or adjustments more difficult to work with. The paper concludes with a brief discussion about how the use of sub-optimal adjustments can negatively influence the manager’s investment incentives.
Performance of a commercially available in-clinic ELISA for the detection of antibodies against Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Ehrlichia canis, and Borrelia burgdorferi and Dirofilaria immitis antigen in dogs
Authors: Chandrashekar Ramaswamy , Mainville Celine A. , Beall Melissa J. , O'Connor Thomas , Eberts Matthew D. , Alleman A. Rick , Gaunt Stephen D. , Breitschwerdt Edward B. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of a commercially available in-clinic ELISA for detection of heartworm infection and tick-borne diseases in dogs.
Sample Population—846 serum, plasma, or blood samples obtained from dogs.
Procedures—Samples were evaluated via the in-clinic ELISA to detect antibodies against Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Ehrlichia canis, and Borrelia burgdorferi and Dirofilaria immitis (heartworm) antigen. True infection or immunologic status of samples was assessed by use of results of necropsy, an antigen assay for D immitis, and immunofluorescence assay or western blot analysis for antibodies against B burgdorferi, E canis, and A phagocytophilum.
Results—Sensitivity and specificity of the in-clinic ELISA for detection of heartworm antigen (99.2% and 100%, respectively), antibodies against B burgdorferi (98.8% and 100%, respectively), and antibodies against E canis (96.2% and 100%, respectively) were similar to results for a similar commercial ELISA. In samples obtained from dogs in the northeast and upper Midwest of the United States, sensitivity and specificity of the in-clinic ELISA for antibodies against Anaplasma spp were 99.1% and 100%, respectively, compared with results for an immunofluorescence assay. Samples from 2 dogs experimentally infected with the NY18 strain of A phagocytophilum were tested by use of the in-clinic ELISA, and antibodies against A phagocytophilum were detected by 8 days after inoculation. Antibodies against Anaplasma platys in experimentally infected dogs cross-reacted with the A phagocytophilum analyte. Coinfections were identified in several of the canine serum samples.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The commercially available in-clinic ELISA could be used by veterinarians to screen dogs for heartworm infection and for exposure to tick-borne pathogens.
Estimation of the time of seroconversion to the New Jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus in sentinel cattle of dairy herds located at high and low elevations in southern Mexico
Authors: Adell Aiko D. , Perez Andres M. , Navarro Lopez Roberto , Lopez Gonzalez Irene , Paz Ramirez Pedro , Rodriguez Luis L. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Objective—To estimate the time of seroconversion to the New Jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSNJV) in sentinel cattle of dairy herds located at high and low elevations in southern Mexico and to determine the factors associated with an increase in VSNJV transmission.
Animals—471 dairy cattle in 4 free-ranging dairy herds located at high and low elevations in southern Mexico.
Procedures—Serum samples from all cattle were screened by use of serum neutralization (SN) tests for antibodies against VSNJV. Cattle with SN titers < 1:20 were designated as sentinel cattle and tested every 10 weeks for seroconversion to VSNJV (SN titer ≥ 1:80). A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to compare the hazard for seroconversion between sentinel cattle located at high and low elevations and kept under similar management and nutritional conditions.
Results—Hazard of VSNJV seroconversion was significantly higher for sentinel cattle located at high elevations, compared with the hazard for sentinel cattle located at low elevations. Dairy cattle located at high elevations seroconverted to VSNJV more frequently during the rainy season and the beginning of the dry season.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Seroconversion to VSNJV was more likely in dairy cattle in southern Mexico located at high elevations than in dairy cattle located at low elevations. These findings should contribute to understanding the dynamics of VSNJV infection in endemic areas and should be useful in the design of effective preventive and control strategies to decrease the impact of future VSV incursions.
Effects of intracameral administration of α-chymotrypsin on intracapsular lens extraction and postoperative outcome in clinically normal dogs
Authors: Maggs David J. , Nasisse Mark P. , Marrion Ruth M. , Priddy Nelson H. , Dodam John R. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Objective—To assess the intraoperative and postoperative clinical effects and histologic effects of intracameral administration of α-chymotrypsin in clinically normal dogs undergoing standard intracapsular lens extraction (ICLE).
Animals—6 young adult male dogs without evidence of systemic or ocular disease.
Procedures—All dogs underwent bilateral ICLE 7 minutes following injection of 75 U of α-chymotrypsin or an identical volume (0.5 mL) of a commercially available balanced saline solution (BSS) into the posterior chamber of the eye. Ease of lens extraction was subjectively assessed and intraoperative intraocular hemorrhage and fibrin accumulation scored. For 27 days after surgery, ocular hyperemia and discharge, chemosis, corneal edema, hyphema, and aqueous flare were scored, and intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured. Thirty days after surgery, histologic evidence of anterior synechia, collapse of and inflammation within the iridocorneal angle, and iritis were scored.
Results—In 5 of 6 dogs, the surgeon was able to correctly identify the eye treated with α-chymotrypsin on the basis of ease of lens extraction. Mean intraoperative intraocular hemorrhage and fibrin scores for BSS-treated eyes were significantly higher than for α-chymotrypsin-treated eyes. Postoperatively, there were no significant differences between treatments for any clinical variables, including IOP Histologic scores were not significantly different between treatments for any variable. Vision was lost as a result of glaucoma in 1 α-chymotrypsin-treated eye and 1 BSS-treated eye.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Intracameral administration of 75 U of α-chymotrypsin 7 minutes before ICLE facilitated lensectomy without apparent adverse effects in clinically normal dogs.
Pharmacokinetics, protein binding, and tissue distribution of orally administered cefpodoxime proxetil and cephalexin in dogs
Authors: Papich Mark G. , Davis Jennifer L. , Floerchinger Amanda M. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Objective—To determine the effect of protein binding on the pharmacokinetics and distribution from plasma to interstitial fluid (ISF) of cephalexin and cefpodoxime proxetil in dogs.
Animals—6 healthy dogs.
Procedures—In a crossover study design, 25 mg of cephalexin/kg or 9.6 mg of cefpodoxime/kg was administered orally. Blood samples were collected before (time 0) and 0.33, 0.66, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, and 24 hours after treatment. An ultrafiltration device was used in vivo to collect ISF at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, and 24 hours. Plasma and ISF concentrations were analyzed with high-pressure liquid chromatography. Plasma protein binding was measured by use of a microcentrifugation technique.
Results—Mean plasma protein binding for cefpodoxime and cephalexin was 82.6% and 20.8%, respectively. Mean ± SD values for cephalexin in plasma were determined for peak plasma concentration (Cmax, 31.5 ± 11.5 μg/mL), area under the time-concentration curve (AUC, 155.6 ± 29.5 μg•h/mL), and terminal half-life (T½, 4.7 ± 1.2 hours); corresponding values in ISF were 16.3 ± 5.8 μg/mL, 878 ± 21.0 μg•h/mL, and 3.2 ± 0.6 hours, respectively. Mean ± SD values for cefpodoxime in plasma were 33.0 ± 6.9 μg/mL (Cmax), 282.8 ± 44.0 μg•h/mL (AUC), and 5.7 ± 0.9 hours (T1/2); corresponding values in ISF were 4.3 ± 2.0 μg/mL, 575 ± 174 μg•h/mL, and 10.4 ± 3.3 hours, respectively.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Tissue concentration of protein-unbound cefpodoxime was similar to that of the protein-unbound plasma concentration. Cefpodoxime remained in tissues longer than did cephalexin.
Measurement of ascorbic acid concentration and glutathione peroxidase activity in biological samples collected from horses with recurrent airway obstruction
Authors: Tan Rachel H. H. , Thatcher Craig D. , Buechner-Maxwell Virginia , Christmann Undine , Crisman Mark V. , Werre Stephen R. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Objective—To measure the ascorbic acid (AA) concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and cellular glutathione peroxidase (cGPx) activity in RBCs and WBCs from peripherally obtained blood and in cells from BALF to determine whether differences existed between the 2 major redox systems in recurrent airway obstruction (RAO)-affected and -nonaffected (control) horses and between systemic and local pulmonary responses in the glutathione redox system.
Animals—16 adult horses in pairs: 8 healthy (control) and 8 RAO-affected horses.
Procedures—Physical examination data and biological samples were collected from horses before (remission), during, and after (recovery) environmental challenge with dusty straw and hay. At each stage, BALF cell AA concentration and RBC, WBC, and BALF cell cGPx activity were measured.
Results—Compared with control horses, RAO-affected horses had significantly higher cGPx activity in RBCs at all points and in WBCs during remission and challenge. The BALF cell cGPx activity was higher in RAO-affected horses during recovery than during remission The BALF cell AA concentration did not differ significantly in control horses at any point, but total and free AA concentrations were significantly lower in RAO-affected horses during the challenge period than during remission and recovery periods.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—High cGPx activity suggested this redox system was upregulated during exposure to dusty straw and hay to combat oxidative stress, as AA was depleted in RAO-affected horses. The relative delay and lack of comparative increase in cGPx activity within the local environment (represented by BALF cells), compared with that in RBCs and WBCs, might contribute to disease in RAO-affected horses.
In vitro evaluation of free-form biodegradable bone plates for fixation of distal femoral physeal fractures in dogs
Authors: Marcellin-Little Denis J. , Sutherland Brian J. , Harrysson Ola L. A. , Lee Erica S. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Objective—To design and manufacture free-form biodegradable polycaprolactone (PCL) bone plates and to compare mechanical properties of femoral constructs with a distal physeal fracture repaired by use of 5 stabilization methods.
Sample Population—40 canine femoral replicas created by use of additive manufacturing and rapid tooling.
Procedures—Surgery duration, mediolateral and craniocaudal bending stiffness, and torsional stiffness of femoral physeal fracture repair constructs made by use of 5 stabilization methods were assessed. The implants included 2 Kirschner wires inserted medially and 2 inserted laterally (4KW), a commercial stainless steel plate (CSP), a custom free-form titanium plate (CTP), thin (2-mm-thick) biodegradable PCL plates (TNP) placed medially and laterally, and thick (4-mm-thick) PCL plates (TKP) placed medially and laterally.
Results—Surgical placement of 4KW was more rapid than placement of other implants The mean caudal cantilever bending stiffness of CTP and CSP constructs was greater than that for TNP TKP and 4KW constructs, and the mean caudal cantilever bending stiffness of TNP and TKP constructs was greater than that for 4KW constructs. The mean lateral cantilever bending stiffness of TKP constructs was greater than that for 4KW constructs. Differences among construct types were not significant in yield strength, ultimate strength, yield torque, and ultimate torque.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The mechanical properties of fracture repair constructs made from free-form PCL biodegradable plates compared favorably with those of constructs made from Kirschner wires. The impact of PCL plates on musculoskeletal soft tissues, bone healing, and bone growth should be evaluated before clinical use.
The value of preoperative and intraoperative electromyography in the management of obstetric brachial plexus injury
Authors: Chin Kuen F. , Di Mascio Livio , Holmes Karen , Misra V. Peter , Sinisi Marco M. 
Published: December 2010

The treatment of obstetric brachial plexus palsy (OBPP) with neuroma-in-continuity is controversial. The recent literature advocates excision of neuroma-in-continuity in OBPP and repair with nerve graft irrespective of its neurophysiological conductivity. This approach risks sacrificing the regenerating axons, and the result has not yet been proven to be superior to neurolysis alone. In this case report, the authors aim to outline their strategy of using the combination of preoperative and intraoperative clinical and neurophysiological findings to aid their decision making.
The lack of upper trunk recovery and the unfavorable preoperative neurophysiological findings in a child with Narakas Group 4 OBPP at 5 months of age prompted an urgent exploration with the intention of performing neurotization. This procedure was abandoned and neurolysis was performed due to the favorable intraoperative neurophysiological findings. At 4 years of age, the child scored 12 of 15 on Mallet classification and has an excellent range of movement. No secondary operation was needed. The authors hope to highlight the idea that the surgical option for neurolysis alone should be kept open and that intraoperative electromyography can be a valuable tool to add to the surgeon's armamentarium.
Minimally invasive endoscopic transventricular hemispherotomy for medically intractable epilepsy: a new approach and cadaveric demonstration
Authors: Bahuleyan Biji , Manjila Sunil , Robinson Shenandoah , Cohen Alan R. 
Published: December 2010

Object
Surgery for medically intractable epilepsy secondary to unihemispheric pathology has evolved from more aggressive hemispherectomy to less aggressive variations of hemispherotomy. The authors propose a novel minimally invasive endoscopic hemispherotomy that should give results comparable to conventional open craniotomy and microsurgery.

Methods
Endoscopic transventricular hemispherotomy was performed in 5 silicon-injected cadaveric heads in the authors' minimally invasive neurosurgery laboratory. The lateral ventricle was accessed endoscopically through a frontal and occipital bur hole. White matter disconnections were performed to unroof the temporal horn and to disconnect the frontobasal region, corpus callosum, and fornix.

Results
Using an endoscopic transventricular approach, all white matter disconnections were successfully performed in all 5 cadavers.

Conclusions
The authors have demonstrated the feasibility of endoscopic transventricular hemispherotomy in a cadaveric model. The technique is simple and could be useful in a subgroup of patients with parenchymal volume loss and ventriculomegaly.
Cerebral paragonimiasis that manifested as intracranial hemorrhage
Authors: Chen Jingyu , Chen Zhi , Li Fei , Lin Jiangkai , Meng Hui , Feng Hua 
Published: December 2010

Object
The purpose of this study was to review 14 rare cases of cerebral paragonimiasis that first manifested as intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), and to investigate the characteristics of clinical manifestation, diagnosis, and treatment of the disease.

Methods
The authors have encountered 14 cases of cerebral paragonimiasis in patients between the ages of 6 and 16 years (mean age 11.5 years) who presented with sudden headache, nausea, and vomiting. Three of them were affected with varying degrees of limb hemiplegia, and in 1 this was combined with high fever; the blood eosinophil count and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed positive results too. The ICHs were observed with cranial CT and MR imaging, and lung lesions were also detected in 5 cases on chest CT scans. Ten of the diagnosed cases were treated with oral praziquantel. Three of these patients were given carbamazepine from the beginning of parasiticidal treatment to prevent seizures; 4 of the remaining 7 patients experienced epileptic seizures during the treatment process. Four patients needed surgery to remove the lesions, and these individuals received praziquantel treatment right after the surgery.

Results
Pathological examinations demonstrated eosinophilic granuloma in these patients. There was no disease recurrence or epilepsy in 11–40 months of follow-up; however, mild hemiplegia could still be observed in 2 cases after 12 months and 17 months of follow-up.

Conclusions
The possibility of cerebral paragonimiasis should be considered when ICH is detected in young patients who are either from an endemic area or have recently visited such an area; the relatively small amount of hemorrhage in cerebral paragonimiasis is often represented as small lesions surrounded by disproportionately larger edema on the imaging study. Preventive antiepileptic drugs should be used along with the administration of parasiticide.
On Dancing and Fishing: Joy and the Celebration of Fertility Among the Punu of Congo-Brazzaville
Authors: Plancke Carine 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTAmong the Punu of Congo-Brazzavilleikokudancing is perceived through the concept of joy. In line with the privileging of the emotional experience, this article intends to consider the dance as an emotive institution – that is, a socially organized activity that creates culturally meaningful forms of emotion within which an understanding of self, as well as social identities and relations, are shaped. Inikoku, a succession of dance sessions, embarked on with shame-banishing pride and performed individually or as a couple, awakens a shared joy. Through the dance patterns and idiom, this joyful dancing is connected to the fecundating sexual encounter and to the activity of fishing, linking the dance world to the life-bearing water spirit world. The joining of sexual differentiation and maternal containment that in this way is enacted and deeply experienced by the participants – if the event succeeds in awakening joy – supports basic structures of Punu rural society characterized by the tension between conjugal relations based on a patri-virilocal principle and matriclanic belonging. The emphasis that our analysis places on the dance form itself, and on the shared joy in dawning fertility it evokes, also proves to be fruitful in understanding howikokudancing persists in changing contexts – and even in urban ones.
Comparison of Icodextrin and Glucose Solutions for Long Dwell Exchange in Peritoneal Dialysis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Qi Hualin , Xu Chen , Yan Haidong , Ma Jun 
Published: December 2010

Background Icodextrin is widely used in peritoneal dialysis (PD); however, the safety and efficacy of icodextrin are unclear. In the present study, we performed a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared icodextrin and glucose for the once-daily long dwell in PD. Methods Electronic searches were performed in MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to select all eligible studies. Eligible studies, as determined by consensus using predefined criteria, were reviewed, and data were extracted onto a standard form. Results In the 9 RCTs that were identified, patients using icodextrin were found to have much greater net ultrafiltration (UF) and a lower incidence of negative net UF compared to patients using 1.5%, 2.5%, and 4.25% glucose solutions. Additionally, icodextrin has a markedly increased UF efficiency ratio and peritoneal clearance of creatinine and urea nitrogen, but residual renal function was not different from patients using glucose solutions for PD. No significant differences were observed between icodextrin and glucose groups with respect to risk of mortality, peritonitis, and total adverse events. Although rashes occurred significantly more often in icodextrin groups, few differences were noted between icodextrin and glucose groups when withdrawal rates secondary to adverse events were compared. Conclusions This meta-analysis suggests that icodextrin provides patients with greater fluid removal and small solute clearance and does not cause any damage to residual renal function. Icodextrin is particularly appropriate for use in patients with high peritoneal transport status.