bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rajiform locomotion: three-dimensional kinematics of the pectoral fin surface during swimming by freshwater stingray Potamotrygon orbignyi
Authors: Blevins Erin L. , Lauder George V. 
Published: June 2012

Summary
Rajiform locomotion in fishes is dominated by distinctive undulations of expanded pectoral fins. Unlike other fishes which typically interact with the fluid environment via multiple fins, undulating rays modulate a single control surface, the pectoral disc, to perform pelagic locomotion, maneuvering, and other behaviors. Complex deformations of the broad, flexible pectoral fins occur as the undulating wave varies in three dimensions; pectoral fin kinematics and changes in waveform with swimming speed cannot be fully quantified by two-dimensional analyses of the fin margin. We present the first three-dimensional analysis of undulatory rajiform locomotion in a batoid, the freshwater stingray Potamotrygon orbignyi. Using three cameras (250 fs-1), we gathered three-dimensional excursion data from 31 points on the pectoral fin during swimming at 1.5 and 2.5 disc-lengths per second, describing the propulsive wave and contrasting waveforms between swimming speeds. Only a relatively small region of the pectoral fin (~25%) undulates with significant amplitude (&gt;0.5 cm). Stingrays can maintain extreme lateral curvature of the distal fin margin in opposition to induced hydrodynamic loads, 'cupping' the edge of the pectoral fin into the flow, with potential implications for drag reduction. Wave amplitude increases across both anteroposterior and mediolateral fin axes. Along the anteroposterior axis, amplitude increases until the wave reaches mid-disc and then remains constant, in contrast to angulliform patterns of continuous amplitude increase. Increases in swimming speed are driven by both wave frequency and wavespeed, though multivariate analyses reveal a secondary role for amplitude.
The metabolic, locomotor, and sex-dependent effects of elevated temperature on Trinidadian guppies: limited capacity for acclimation
Authors: Muñoz Nicolas J , Breckels Ross D , Neff Bryan D 
Published: June 2012

Summary
Global warming poses a threat to many ectothermic organisms because of the harmful effects that elevated temperatures can have on resting metabolic rate (RMR) and body size. This study evaluated the thermal sensitivity of Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata) by describing the effects of developmental temperature on mass, burst speed, and RMR, and investigated whether these tropical fish can developmentally acclimate to their thermal conditions. These traits were measured following exposure to one of three treatments: 70 days at 23ºC, 25ºC, 28ºC, or 30ºC (acclimated groups); 6 h at 23ºC, 28ºC, or 30ºC following 70 days at 25ºC (unacclimated groups); or 6 h at 25ºC following 70 days in another 25ºC tank (control group). Body mass was lower in warmer temperatures, particularly amongst females and individuals reared at 30ºC. The burst speed of fish acclimated to each temperature did not differ and was marginally higher than that of unacclimated fish, indicative of complete compensation. Conversely, acclimated and unacclimated fish did not differ in their RMR at each temperature. Amongst the acclimated groups, RMR was significantly higher at 30ºC, indicating that guppies may become thermally limited at this temperature due to less energy being available for growth, reproduction, and locomotion. Like other tropical ectotherms, guppies appear to be unable to adjust their RMR through physiological acclimation and may consequently be susceptible to rising temperatures. Also, because larger females have higher fecundity, our data suggest that fecundity will be reduced in a warmer climate, potentially decreasing the viability of guppy populations.
Resurrecting prehistoric parvalbumins to explore the evolution of thermal compensation in extant Antarctic fish parvalbumins
Authors: Whittington A. Carl , Moerland Timothy S. 
Published: June 2012

SummaryParvalbumins (PVs) from Antarctic notothenioid fishes display a pattern of thermal adaptation that likely reflects evolutionary changes in protein conformational flexibility. We have used ancestral sequence reconstruction and homology modeling to identify two amino acid changes that could potentially account for the present thermal sensitivity pattern of Antarctic fish PVs as compared to a PV from a theoretical warm-adapted ancestral fish. To test this hypothesis, ancient PVs were resurrected in the lab using PV from the notothenioid Gobionotothen gibberifrons as a platform for introducing mutations comparable to the reconstructed ancestral PV sequences. The wild-type PV (WT) and three mutant expression constructs were engineered: lysine 8 to asparagine (K8N), lysine 26 to asparagine (K26N) and a double mutant (DM). Calcium equilibrium dissociation constants (Kd) vs. temperature curves for all mutants were right-shifted, as predicted, relative to that of WT PV. The Kd values for the K8N and K26N single mutants were virtually identical at all temperatures and showed an intermediate level of thermal sensitivity. The DM construct displayed a full conversion of thermal sensitivity pattern to that of a PV from a warm/temperate adapted fish. Additionally, the Kd vs temperature curve for the WT construct revealed greater thermal sensitivity as compared to the mutant constructs. Measurements of the rates of Ca2+ dissociation (koff) showed that all mutants generally had slower koff values than WT at all temperatures. Calculated rates of Ca2+ binding (kon) for the K8N and K26N mutants were similar to values for the WT PV at all temperatures. In contrast, the calculated kon values for the DM PV were faster, providing mechanistic insights into the nature of potentially adaptive changes in Ca2+ binding in this PV. The overall results suggest that the current thermal phenotype of Antarctic PVs can be recapitulated by just two amino acid substitutions.
Optimum temperature range for the proton dynamics in H-doped BaZrO3:Yb dense ceramics—a neutron scattering study
Authors: Slodczyk Aneta , Colomban Philippe , Lamago Daniel , André Gilles , Zaafrani Oumaya , Lacroix Olivier , Sirat Abdelkader , Grasset Frédéric , Sala Béatrice 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Using Resistivity Arrays to Monitor Groundwater Impacts near Runoff Holding Ponds
Authors: Eigenberg Roger A. , Woodbury Bryan L. 
Published: June 2012

Mineral and organic salts from beef manure contained in precipitation runoff from feedyard pen surfaces can alter the conductivity properties of soil and water receiving it. Typically, holding ponds are constructed to control runoff from concentrated animal feeding operations. The integrity of these holding ponds has come under increased scrutiny since leakage has the potential to affect soil and groundwater quality. Traditionally, ponds are monitored by installing monitoring wells at key locations to evaluate the impact of these ponds on the environment. These monitoring wells are expensive and subject to ambiguous interpretation. A subsurface resistivity array was installed at a beef cattle feedyard located at the U.S Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska (Feedyard A) and at a cattle feeding cooperator site (Feedyard B). Array probes were permanently installed at Feedyard A (16 probes spaced 6.1-m apart at a depth of 30 cm) and at Feedyard B (32 probes spaced 3.05-m apart at a depth of 50 cm). Weekly readings from each site were evaluated to monitor the stability of the zone of hydration near the pond. The low hydraulic conductivity soils at Feedyard A provided a very quiescent environmental system to evaluate the resistivity array's inherent measurement stability. Seasonal changes could easily be accounted for by variation in seasonal soil temperatures. The Feedyard B site was typified by coarse textured parent material that had high hydraulic conductivity properties. This site experienced dynamic changes week to week and throughout the season. The resistivity array system was able to adequately measure these dynamics. Additional analysis using difference maps improved the illustration of the resulting dynamic. The results of this study indicate that the resistivity array system has the potential to improve monitoring of runoff holding ponds and warrants additional validation.
Effect of Picloram on Somatic Embryogenesis from Leaf-sheath Explants in Diploid Musa acuminata cv. Njalipoovan
Authors: Smitha P.D. , Nair Ashalatha S. 
Published: June 2012

Embryogenic callus was obtained from leaf sheath explants on MS supplemented with 16.56 μM picloram in Musa acuminata (diploid) cv. Njalipoovan (AB). Exogenous application of ascorbic acid on somatic embryogenesis at optimal level accelerated the conversion rate of the embryos. Shoot and root developed from the embryos on MS incubated in dark. Further growth of plantlets obtained on half strength of MS under light conditions. Regenerated plantlets showed 100% survival. Key words: Musa acuminata cv. Njalipoovan, Picloram, Somatic embryogenesis D. O. I. 10.3329/ptcb.v21i1.9612 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 21(1): 83-87, 2011 (June) - Short communication
Micropropagation of Marsdenia brunoniana Wight & Arn. - A Rare Antidiabetic Plant
Authors: Ugraiah A. , Karuppusamy S. , Pullaiah T. 
Published: June 2012

Shoot multiplication of Marsdenia brunoniana was obtained from the nodal explants of mature plants using MS with different concentrations and combinations of growth regulators. Maximum explant response and highest number of shoots per explant was obtained on MS fortified with 1.0 mg/l BAP. The highest degree of shoot profilieration was found to be 90%. The combination of BAP and Kn was also found to be effective for regeneration. The regenerated shoots were successfully rooted on MS supplemented with 0.5 mg/l NAA, after sequential hardening, survival rate was 90%. Key words: Marsdenia brunoniana, Antidiabetic plant, Micropropagation, Conservation D. O. I. 10.3329/ptcb.v21i1.9613 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 21(1): 89-93, 2011 (June) - Short communication
Prevalence of Periodontal Disease in Patients of Ischemic Heart disease at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University
Authors: Khatun Shohda , Biswas Ashis Kumar , Dhar Sojeeb , Karmakar Rajan , Siddique Md Abu , Banerjee Sajal Krishna , Hoque Md Harisul , Sultan Md Ashraf Uddin 
Published: June 2012

The aim of the stuey is to evaluate the association of periodontal condition of patients with Ischemic Heart disease at a university hospital in Bangladesh. This study was done at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University. Two group of patients was selected. Case group of 25 patients with history ischemic heart disease was selected at OPD of cardiology department another control group 25 patient was selected at dental OPD of BSMMU. Data were analyzed by SPSS, Version 10. In this study, The mean age (±SD) of patients was 50.4±8.49 years in the case group and 49.6±10.9 years in the control group. 50 patients consisting of 26 males (52%) and 24 females (48%) were examined. Study showed that probing depth, plaque index, gingival index, bleeding index, gingival recession and clinical attachment level is more in patient with ischemic heart diseases. This study showed higher incidence and more severe periodontal diseases in patients with ischemic heart diseases. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/uhj.v7i2.10842 University Heart. Journal Vol. 7, No. 2, July 2011
In vitro biomechanical evaluation and comparison of a new prototype locking plate and a limited-contact self compression plate for equine fracture repair
Authors: Quinteros D. D. , Abuja G. A. , Tarkanian M. , Maranda L. S. , Bubeck K. , Kowaleski M. P. , García-López J. M. 
Published: June 2012

SummaryObjective: To determine if the mechanical properties (strength and stiffness) of a new prototype 4.5 mm broad locking plate (NP-LP) are comparable with those of a traditional 4.5 mm broad limited-contact self compression plate (LC-SCP), and to compare the bending and torsional properties of the NP-LP and LCSCP when used in osteotomized equine third metacarpal bones (MC3).Methods: The plates alone were tested in four-point bending single cycle to failure. The MC3-plate constructs were created with middiaphyseal osteotomies with a 1 cm gap. Constructs were tested in four-point bending single cycle to failure, four-point bending cyclic fatigue, and torsion single cycle to failure.Results: There were not any significant differences in bending strength and stiffness found between the two implants. The MC3-NP-LP construct was significantly stiffer than the MC3-LC-SCP in bending. No other biomechanical differences were found in bending, yield load in torsion, or mean composite rigidity. Mean cycles to failure for bending fatigue testing were similar for both constructs.Clinical significance: The NP-LP was comparable to the LC-SCP in intrinsic, as well as structural properties. The NP-LP construct was more rigid than the LC-SCP construct under four-point bending, and both constructs behaved similarly under four-point bending cyclic fatigue testing and torsion single cycle to failure. The new NP-LP implant fixation is biomechanically comparable to the LC-SCP in a simulated MC3 fracture.
Caudal paw displacement during movement initiation and its implications for possible injury mechanisms
Authors: Gillette R. L. , Weimar W. H. , Angle T. C. 
Published: June 2012

Summary
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to quantify and determine the degree to which dogs experience negative displacement of the paw during movement initiation on natural surfaces, the frequency of that displacement, and whether or not the negative displacement could yield injuries.
Methods: Seven retired racing Greyhound dogs were selected to participate in sprint starts on two natural (non-vegetated and vegetated) surfaces. Kinematic analysis was conducted to quantify the displacements.
Results: All dogs in all trials experienced a negative paw displacement in at least one or more limbs. Significant effects were found for negative displacement across surfaces, limb, and for the surface x limb interactions. Rear paw negative displacement was -6.68 ± 2.55% body length (BL) for the non-vegetated surface and -5.29 ± 1.92% BL for the vegetated surface. Front paw negative displacement was -21.42 ± 2.62% BL for the non-vegetated surface and -17.25 ± 3.82% BL for the vegetated surface. There was no significant difference between average torso velocity on the two track surfaces. This study verified that the paw does negatively displace (moves backwards) during movement initiation. The magnitude of the displacements suggests that multiple injury mechanisms could be present.
Clinical relevance: These findings demonstrate the extreme kinematics placed on the canine body during movement initiation, which might further the understanding of the mechanism of injury and contribute to enhanced surgical and rehabilitation techniques.
Evaluation of the dorsal acetabular coverage obtained by a modified triple pelvic osteotomy (2.5 pelvic osteotomy)
Authors: Tamburro R. , Nicetto T. , Kowaleski M. P. , Petazzoni M. 
Published: June 2012

SummaryObjectives: To evaluate the acetabular ventroversion obtained with a modified triple pelvic osteotomy (2.5 PO) compared with that resulting from standard double pelvic osteotomy (DPO).Study design: Ex vivo study.Animals: Seven pelves obtained from skeletally mature dogs with a total body weight ranging from 26–41 kg were used.Methods: Unilateral DPO technique and dorsal ischial mono-cortical osteotomy were performed on every right hemipelvis. Angular ventral rotation was measured by determining the relative orientation of two Kirschner wires placed in the ilial wing and in the dorsal acetabular rim.Results: The mean angle of ventroversion was 9.5 ± 5.2 degrees for the DPO group (range 2.1–18.1) and 10.9 ± 4.8 degrees for the 2.5 PO group (range 4.1–19.5). The mean difference between the 2.5 PO and DPO was 1.5 ± 0.6 degrees (range 0.5–2.1).Conclusions: The 2.5 PO technique increased acetabular ventroversion versus DPO.
Evaluation of complications and short-term outcome after unilateral or single-session bilateral tibial tuberosity advancement for cranial cruciate rupture in dogs
Authors: Hirshenson M. S. , Thompson M. S. , Knapp-Hoch H. M. , Jay-Silva A. R. , McConkey M. , Bliss S. P. , Todhunter R. , Mohammed H. O. , Krotscheck U. 
Published: June 2012

SummaryObjective: To compare the resulting complications, short-term results, and client satisfaction for treatment of cranial cruciate ligament rupture using either unilateral or bilateral single-session tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) in dogs.Methods: Medical records of 68 dogs (101 stifles) undergoing unilateral or bilateral single-session TTA were evaluated. Data gathered included signalment, history, physical examination findings, anaesthesia and surgical time, type of cranial cruciate ligament rupture and meniscal injury, implants, and intra-operative and postoperative complications. A mixed effect logistic regression analysis was performed to determine if complications were grouped by surgical procedure. Linear regression was performed to determine the influence of the variables on the occurrence of complications. Values of p <0.05 were considered significant.Results: No major intra-operative complications occurred. Twenty stifles (20%) developed a complication after surgery (11 minor, 9 major). There was no significant difference in occurrence of complications between dogs undergoing unilateral (n = 8) or bilateral single-session (n = 12) TTA (p = 0.69). The only risk factor found to be associated with complication occurrence was age.Clinical significance: This is the first report evaluating the use of bilateral simultaneous TTA. There was no significant difference in complication rates between unilateral and bilateral single-session TTA. Additional evaluation is needed to fully determine the extent of complications and long-term outcome of bilateral single-session TTA.
Measurement Error in Performance Studies of Health Information Technology: Lessons from the Management Literature
Authors: Avgar A.C. , Pronovost P.J. , Litwin A.S. 
Published: June 2012

SummaryJust as researchers and clinicians struggle to pin down the benefits attendant to health information technology (IT), management scholars have long labored to identify the performance effects arising from new technologies and from other organizational innovations, namely the reorganization of work and the devolution of decision-making authority. This paper applies lessons from that literature to theorize the likely sources of measurement error that yield the weak statistical relationship between measures of health IT and various performance outcomes. In so doing, it complements the evaluation literature’s more conceptual examination of health IT’s limited performance impact. The paper focuses on seven issues, in particular, that likely bias downward the estimated performance effects of health IT. They are 1.) negative self-selection, 2.) omitted or unobserved variables, 3.) mis-measured contextual variables, 4.) mismeasured health IT variables, 5.) lack of attention to the specific stage of the adoption-to-use continuum being examined, 6.) too short of a time horizon, and 7.) inappropriate units-of-analysis. The authors offer ways to counter these challenges. Looking forward more broadly, they suggest that researchers take an organizationally-grounded approach that privileges internal validity over generalizability. This focus on statistical and empirical issues in health IT-performance studies should be complemented by a focus on theoretical issues, in particular, the ways that health IT creates value and apportions it to various stakeholders.
Rhinomanometric Assessment of Nasal Airflow in Deviated Nasal Septum
Authors: Sharma Vinit Kumar 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT

Objective
The present study was carried out to study rhinomanometrically the nasal airflow in cases of deviated nasal septum and to compare rhinomanometric improvement following surgery with relief in subjective sensation of nasal airflow.

Materials and methods
This study was carried out in our institute from October 2009 to January 2011 including the cases of deviated nasal septum. A total number of 45 patients of deviated nasal symptoms were included in this study. Preoperative and postoperative assessment of nasal airflow were also assessed by rhinomanometry. Twenty cases were kept in control group to compare the nasal airflow.

Results
Good correlation was found between rhinomanometric results and improvement in subjective airflow sensation in patients who underwent septoplasty.

Conclusion
Usual methods of nasal examination, rhinomanometry seems to be of much more importance in understanding nasal airflow and selecting patients for operative intervention than previously thought.

How to cite this article
Sharma VK, Sharma R. Rhinomanometric Assessment of Nasal Airflow in Deviated Nasal Septum. Clin Rhinol Int J 2012;5(1):17-18.
Sinonasal Mucormycosis: A Series of Seven Cases
Authors: Babu S Vinaya , Venkatesh U , Prasannaraj Thomas , Shivaprakash KV , Prathima S 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT
Mucormycosis is the disease caused by the fungus of the order mucorales. Rhizopus species are the most common causative organisms. It is often associated with compromised immunity and poor prognosis. Farmers constitute the high risk group and peak incidence is observed during the monsoons which correspond to the agricultural practices in South India. Preventive measures such as the use of a face mask during agricultural activities may decrease the risk of acquiring this debilitating illness. We present series of seven cases of sinonasal mucormycosis.

How to cite this article
Babu SV, Venkatesh U, Prasannaraj T, Shivaprakash KV, Prathima S. Sinonasal Mucormycosis: A Series of Seven Cases. Clin Rhinol Int J 2012;5(1):25-27.
Rhinosporidiosis: Endoscopic Excision and Review of Literature
Authors: Gupta Manish 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT

Objective
To show that endoscopic excision of rhinosporidiosis carries less risk of recurrence.

Materials and methods
Five consecutive patients of rhinosporidiosis were placed for endoscopic excision. The various sized mass were excised completely with safe margin under better illumination, magnification and hemostasis using 30° endoscope with camera and monitor. All the patients were started on dapsone therapy after surgery for 3 months.

Results
There was no recurrence seen on an average 1 year follow-up.

Conclusion
The nasal endoscope plays an important role in localization of site of origin and ensures complete excision with no complications and recurrence. Thus, endoscopic technique of rhinosporidiosis excision is recommended.

How to cite this article
Gupta M. Rhinosporidiosis: Endoscopic Excision and Review of Literature. Clin Rhinol Int J 2012;5(1): 32-34.
Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction after Zygoma Fracture Reduction with Inferior Orbital Margin Fixation
Authors: Kaur Upinder , Singh Charanjeet 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT
Injuries of lacrimal passages are common in accidental mid-facial trauma and surgical trauma like Caldwell-Luc operation, orbital decompression and orbital floor repair. Reduction and fixation of midfacial fractures have not been reported till now to cause any injury to the lacrimal passages. We present a case of fracture zygoma who developed epiphora after reduction and fixation of the inferior orbital margin by a miniplate.

How to cite this article
Kaur U, Singh C. Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction after Zygoma Fracture Reduction with Inferior Orbital Margin Fixation. Clin Rhinol Int J 2012;5(1):44-45.