bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrashort TE T1rho (UTE T1rho) imaging of the Achilles tendon and meniscus
Authors: Du Jiang , Carl Michael , Diaz Eric , Takahashi Atsushi , Han Eric , Szeverenyi Nikolaus M. , Chung Christine B. , Bydder Graeme M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn this study, we report the use of a novel ultrashort echo time T1rhoT1 sequence that combines a spin‐lock preparation pulse with a two‐dimensional ultrashort echo time sequence of a nominal echo time 8 μsec. The ultrashort echo time‐T1rho sequence was employed to quantify T1rho in short T2 tissues including the Achilles tendon and the meniscus. T1rho dispersion was investigated by varying the spin‐lock field strength. Preliminary results on six cadaveric ankle specimens and five healthy volunteers show that the ultrashort echo time‐T1rho sequence provides high signal and contrast for both the Achilles tendon and the meniscus. The mean T1rho of the Achilles tendon ranged from 3.06 ± 0.51 msec for healthy volunteers to 5.22 ± 0.58 msec for cadaveric specimens. T1rho increased to 8.99 ± 0.24 msec in one specimen with tendon degeneration. A mean T1rho of 7.98 ± 1.43 msec was observed in the meniscus of the healthy volunteers. There was significant T1rho dispersion in both the Achilles tendon and the meniscus. Mean T1rho increased from 2.06 ± 0.23 to 7.85 ± 0.74 msec in normal Achilles tendon and from 7.08 ± 0.64 to 13.42 ± 0.93 msec in normal meniscus when the spin‐lock field was increased from 250 to 1,000 Hz. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An extended finite element/level set method to study surface effects on the mechanical behavior and properties of nanomaterials
Authors: Farsad Mehdi , Vernerey Franck J. , Park Harold S. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe present a new approach based on coupling the extended finite element method (XFEM) and level sets to study surface and interface effects on the mechanical behavior of nanostructures. The coupled XFEM‐level set approach enables a continuum solution to nanomechanical boundary value problems in which discontinuities in both strain and displacement due to surfaces and interfaces are easily handled, while simultaneously accounting for critical nanoscale surface effects, including surface energy, stress, elasticity and interface decohesion. We validate the proposed approach by studying the surface‐stress‐driven relaxation of homogeneous and bi‐layer nanoplates as well as the contribution from the surface elasticity to the effective stiffness of nanobeams. For each case, we compare the numerical results with new analytical solutions that we have derived for these simple problems; for the problem involving the surface‐stress‐driven relaxation of a homogeneous nanoplate, we further validate the proposed approach by comparing the results with those obtained from both fully atomistic simulations and previous multiscale calculations based upon the surface Cauchy–Born model. These numerical results show that the proposed method can be used to gain critical insights into how surface effects impact the mechanical behavior and properties of homogeneous and composite nanobeams under generalized mechanical deformation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computerised cognitive behavioural therapy and its uses
Authors: Kaltenthaler Eva , Cavanagh Kate 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe use of computer software programmes to deliver cognitive behavioural therapy to people with mental health disorders is becoming increasingly popular. Here the authors describe what conditions computerised cognitive behavioural therapy may be useful for, discuss its advantages and disadvantages and outline the current NICE guidance on its use. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Interface Ltd
Ultrathin chromium transparent metal contacts by pulsed dc magnetron sputtering
Authors: Rajani K. V. , Daniels S. , McNally P. J. , Lucas F. Olabanji , Alam M. M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractOptoelectronic technology frequently demands optically transparent materials. In this paper we present an overview of the development of ultrathin chromium films of above 80% optical transparency and 102–103 µΩ cm resistivity using bipolar pulsed dc magnetron sputtering. The surface morphology and film resistivity are investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and four point probe, respectively. The variation of the electrical properties of the film with thickness, pulse duty cycle and target power are examined. An optimal experimental condition is suggested for developing transparent metal contacts, which can be used for the realisation of optoelectronic devices including organic light‐emitting diodes on flexible, low cost polymeric substrates. This process does not require high temperature and post‐deposition annealing unlike other transparent conducting oxides.
Structural, optical and electrical properties of indium–molybdenum oxide thin films prepared by spray pyrolysis
Authors: Parthiban S. , Elangovan E. , Ramamurthi K. , Goncalves G. , Martins R. , Fortunato E. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractMolybdenum doped indium oxide (IO) thin films were deposited on the Coring F1737 glass substrates at 400 °C by spray pyrolysis technique. The Mo doping was varied between 0 and 4 at.%. The films were characterized by their structural, electrical and optical properties. The films are confirmed to be cubic bixbyite In2O3 with a strongest orientation along (222) for 0.5 at.% Mo, which is shifted to (400) plane when the Mo doping is increased to ≥1.2 at.%. The films deposited with 0.5 at.% Mo showed high mobility of ∼90 cm2/Vs, resistivity of ∼6.8 × 10−4 Ω cm and carrier concentration of ∼1.01 × 1020 cm−3 with >∼73% transmittance in the visible range between 500 and 800 nm. The transmittance is well extended into near infrared region.
Protection of minutiae‐based templates using biocryptographic constructs in the set difference metric
Authors: Arakala Arathi , Horadam K. J. , Jeffers Jason , Boztaş Serdar 
Published: June 2010

AbstractFingerprint biometric authentication has particular advantages in a highly mobile environment. We investigate design issues involved in building authentication systems using minutia‐based fingerprint templates, where the template is protected during comparison as well as storage. Two popular bio‐cryptographic schemes based on the set difference metric, the Fuzzy Vault and PinSketch, are analysed with regard to theoretical bounds on the template sizes and decision thresholds. We define six different minutiae‐based templates and for each, quantisation parameters are determined that yield the best matching performance at a threshold where the probability of false match is zero. We then determine which, if any, of the representations satisfy the theoretical bounds proposed for each bio‐cryptographic construct. We implement a PinSketch‐based authentication system that uses a combination of a commonality and a set difference measure to securely compare two fingerprint templates, with negligible deterioration in accuracy. Our results indicate that to securely correct the degree of intra‐sample error observed in minutiae‐based templates, efficient commonality‐based error tolerant cryptographic constructs will be more suited than set difference based constructs. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A review on fingerprint orientation estimation
Authors: Hou Zujun , Yau Wei‐Yun , Wang Yue 
Published: June 2010

AbstractFingerprint orientation plays important roles in fingerprint enhancement, fingerprint classification, and fingerprint recognition. This paper critically reviews the primary advances on fingerprint orientation estimation. Advantages and limitations of existing methods have been addressed. Issues on future development have been discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychiatrists’ attitude to antipsychotic depot treatment in patients with first-episode schizophrenia
Authors: Heres S. , Reichhart T. , Hamann J. , Mendel R. , Leucht S. , Kissling W. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectiveDespite good clinical evidence, depot antipsychotics are only seldom prescribed to patients with first episode schizophrenia. The present study aims at investigating psychiatrists’ reasons for this reservation.MethodWe surveyed 198 psychiatrists on their attitude toward offering depot treatment to first episode patients (FEP). Participants scored the extent of influence of individual factors on their decision on a seven-point-scale, additional data on their prescription practice and estimation of the relapse risk of FEP were collected.ResultsPsychiatrists reported that only three out of 12 factors were of influence. These were the limited availability of different second generation antipsychotic depot drugs, the frequent rejection of the depot offer by the patients and the patients’ skepticism based on the lack in experience of a relapse.ConclusionsThere is actually little specific reason for not prescribing depot to FEP according to the current survey. For those factors being reported to be of influence, psychoeducation, including profound information on depot treatment, the development of additional SGA depot drugs and the standard offer of depot treatment to all FEP in a shared-decision-making may be considered.
Interaction between mafic and felsic magmas in subvolcanic environment (Tastau igneous complex, eastern Kazakhstan)
Authors: Dokukina K.A. , Konilov A.N. , Kaulina T.V. , Vladimirov V.G. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
The paper reports the results of integrated geological, petrological, geochemical, and geochronological studies of the Tastau igneous ring complex in the Zaisan orogen of eastern Kazakhstan. Interaction between felsic and mafic magmas has been studied. Hybrid rocks are represented by gabbros and diorites injected into a granitic magma chamber. They occur as dikes and pillow-like and globular mafic bodies variously disintegrated and mixed with host granitoids. The age of synplutonic rocks is 242 ± 20 Ma (U/Pb zircon dating), which is, with regard to analytical error, substantially younger than it was presumed.
Mechanisms of interaction between felsic and mafic magmas have been studied. They include mechanical (mingling) and chemical (mixing) interaction, which produce composite mixtures and hybrid rocks. The ratios of mafic to felsic components involved in the formation of intermediate rocks were calculated from major elements by regression analysis and tested with regard to rare and trace elements. The model for mingling includes rapid quenching of the mafic melt when it is injected into the granitic magma chamber, decomposition of crystalline fragments, dispersion of fragments and crystals in the magma chamber under conditions of rapid turbulent flow, and enrichment of felsic magma with femic components to produce monzonitic magmas.
Stratigraphic chart of Cambrian deposits in the Turukhansk–Irkutsk–Olekma region, Siberian Platform
Authors: Mel’nikov N.V. , Shabanov Yu.Ya. , Shabanova O.S. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
The former stratigraphic chart of the Cambrian in the Turukhansk–Irkutsk–Olekma region of the Siberian Platform was compiled in 1986 and approved in 1988. Large amounts of data were obtained from new wells drilled in the western and northern parts of the region during the preceding 20 years. Modifications necessitated by new data entail an indefinitely continuous series of revised facies zonation, recognition of new facies areas, regions and zone, as well as definition of a regional early Mayan stratigraphic hiatus. A new local stratigraphic division is the Olenchima Member (base of the Evenk Formation) underlain by a hiatus. The term Kochumdek Formation is no longer used in the Bakhta region and its lithologically distinct subformations (Yasenga, Moktakon, Mara, and Abakun) were raised to formation rank. The Olenchima Formation is no longer used in the Baikit zone; but instead, the Litvintsevo Formation was established here by correlation.
Evolution of Stromatoporoidea in the Ordovician–Silurian epicontinental basin of the Siberian Platform and Taimyr
Authors: Khromych V.G. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
The paper discusses the evolution of Stromatoporoidea in the epicontinental sedimentary basin of the Siberian Platform and Taimyr during the Ordovician and Silurian. Specimens of the oldest genus, Priscastroma, were found in the middle of Middle Ordovician sediments. This genus is represented by the species P. gemina Khrom., which has two forms, A and B. Tracing the emergence of new genera over time, we identified two distinct branches in stromatoporoid evolution.
The ancestor of the first branch is P. gemina f. A, which gave rise to the genus Cystostroma. The latter is the ancestor of two subbranches with predominant horizontal skeletal elements. The subbranches differ only in tissue microstructure. The genera Stromatocerium, Dermatostroma, and Aulacera display dense fibrous microstructure, whereas the genus Rosenella and its descendants display dense microstructure. The genus Lophiostroma, with a lamellar–fibrous tissue, may be a dead branch of evolution.
The ancestor of the second branch is P. gemina f. B, which gave rise to the genus Labechia and its descendants. This branch has a dense tissue, with predominant vertical skeletal elements.
Ordovician stromatoporoids from Siberia were compared with those from other basins of the world. Comparison shows that all the Ordovician genera from the epicontinental basin of the Siberian Platform and Taimyr originated here. Thus, this basin was one of the centers of stromatoporoid origin.
Langage et idéologie Chez le Jeune Marx
Authors: Meunier Jean-Guy 
Published: June 2010

Même si le concept d'idéologie remonte dans ses premiers emplois à Destutt de Tracy, il est sans contredit un concept pour lequel le marxisme réclame un privilège. C'est à Karl Marx que l'on reconnaît le rôle d'instigateur de cette problématique.L'interprétation classique du concept d'idéologie oriente cette problématique vers l'aspect de détermination sociale des idées telle la sociologie de la connaissance qui l'identifie à des problèmes de fausse conscience, d'illusions, de justifications, etc. Que l'on se réfère à Lukacs, à Mannheim et encore récemment à Althusser, le problème de l'idéologie se pose en termes de conscience, de représentation déterminée par des conditions socio-économiques.
Le Maître de la lampe
Authors: Germain Paul 
Published: June 2010

Dans son livre American Philosophy and the Future, Michael Novak nous rappelle que nous vivons sous la menace des conflits nucléaires. Si nous n'y prenons garde, nous dit-il, nous serons bientôt dans l'impossibilité de philosopher. Cet avertissement a de quoi nous étonner. Y aurait-il des bombes atomiques sans une philosophie de la bombe ?Il y aurait bien d'autres objets, les uns plus extraordinaires que les autres, que nous apporte à un rythme toujours plus accéléré la nouvelle technologic et sur lesquels il nous faudrait aussi philosopher et même davantage. Ainsi, un éditorial de Journal of the American Medical Association nous fait part des craintes que provoquent, chez médecins et biologistes, les expériences faites en vue de la fabrication des bébés-éprouvette — ‘test-tube babies’.
Matière et Mémoire de Henri Bergson
Authors: Giroux Laurent 
Published: June 2010

Matière et Mémoire a pour sous-titre « Essai sur la relation du corps à l'esprit».Bergson se place d'emblée ici à l'intérieur du dualisme matièreesprit. Des la première ligne de l'avant-propos, il écrit:Ce livre affirme la réalité de l'esprit, la réalité de la matière, et essaie de déterminer le rapport de l'un à l'autre sur un exemple précis, celui de la mémoire. Il c'est done nettement dualiste. (G'est nous qui soulignons.).
Two Dialogues
Authors: Emmons D. C. 
Published: June 2010

Place: an academic institution somewhere in the U.S. or U.K.Time: late one morning.Simplicitus: Hello there. Nice to see you.Sophisticus: Good to see you. What have you been up to ?Sim: I've been wrestling with a nasty epistemological problem.But I've finally got it figured out.Soph: What problem?Sim: The problem of other minds. It's a real teaser.Soph: And what solution have you worked out?
Un Physiologiste philosophe: Claude Bernard
Authors: Canguilhem Georges 
Published: June 2010

On commémore assez couramment la naissance ou la mort d'un savant, qui sont deux événements contingents, étrangers à la valeur de l'homme, bien que le premier ait rendu cette valeur possible quant à la manifestation, et que le second l'ait rendue d'autant plus précieuse qu'il en a souligné la fragilité.Paul Valéry a dit que «les grands hommes meurent deux fois, une fois comme hommes et une fois comme grands ». De Claude Bernard, on peut dire que l'année 1965 a confirmé sa survie comme grand, près d'un siècle après sa mort comme homme (1878), car ce qui fut célébré, au Collège de France, dans un Colloque à la fois historique et scientifique, c'est le Centenaire d'un grand livre. Commémoration done au plein sens du terme, puisqu'en identifiant un homme et son œuvre, la postérité ressuscitait le premier en reconnaissant et en proelamant la présence stimulante et agissante de la seconde dans l'univers de la culture.
L'Expression et la parole d'après Merleau-Ponty
Authors: Cowley Fraser 
Published: June 2010

La question du langage et de la parole dans les écrits de Merleau-Ponty ne peut se comprendre indépendamment de la phénoménologie du corps-propre et de son corrélat le monde vécu, c'est-à-dire son champ spatial et temporel, avec des horizons, proches ou lointains, dans lequel il se trouve et où il se situe.Rappelons que Merleau-Ponty montre comment le but que se propose la perception par sa propre téléologie est la chose même, et comment, ce but une fois atteint, l'idée d'un monde en soi ou du réel en dérive. Le sujet percevant en tant que corps s'oublie; par rapport au monde en soi ce qui paraît rester du sujet n'est que conscience désincarnée, sujet de la science, sujet qui est partout et nulle part, qui est de tout temps et de nul temps, et qui enfin n'est personne.
Le Marxisme et les idéologies
Authors: Lefebvre Henri 
Published: June 2010

Le mot « idéologie » n'a pas été inventé par Marx. Il était d'usage fréquent au début du XlXème siècle, en France.C'est ainsi qu'on le trouve dans Stendhal, qui le tenait lui-même de Cabanis, médecin et matérialiste du XVIIIème siècle, continuateur de la tendance matérialiste issue de Descartes dans son ouvrage « Rapport du physique et du moral chez l'homme ». Il s'employait alors dans un sens plutôt élogieux pour désigner les philosophes qui s'efforçaient d'analyser l'origine et la formation des idées chez l'être humain. Ainsi Condillac, dans son « Essai sur l'origine des connaissances humaines », développa la pensée de Locke et démontra que, non seulement l'âme, mais aussi les sens—non seulement l'art de fabriquer les idées, mais aussi l'art de la perception sensible—sont affaire d'expérience et d'habitude. C'est de l'éducation et des circonstances extérieures que dépend tout le développement de l'homme. En d'autres termes, Condillac s'efforçait d'expliquer toutes les idées à partir des sensations de l'individu humain, par les combinaisons de ces sensations et les associations habituelles entre elles; c'était un « sensualiste » et un « idéologue ».
La Psychopathologie d'Eugène Minkowski
Authors: Ellenberger Henri F. 
Published: June 2010

Le Traité de Psychopathologie d'Eugene Minkowski se distingue par son caractère très personnel, non moins que par l'ampleur de son information. Cet ouvrage résume l'œuvre d'une vie consacrée à la pratique de la psychothérapie, à la méditation philosophique, et à une active participation aux mouvements intellectuels de l'époque.L'origine de ce livre, nous confie l'auteur, remonte à une promesse faite à Louis Lavelle en 1939, mais il a été rédigé à intervalles irréguliers de 1948 à 1966. Minkowski y a incorporé de nombreux travaux écrits à diverses périodes de sa vie et sur des sujets multiples.
Weinberg's Refutation of Nominalism
Authors: Wilson Fred 
Published: June 2010

Professor Weinberg, in his recent Abstraction, Relation, and Induction, has critically discussed the nominalistic tradition stemming from Ockham and continuing in the work of Berkeley and Hume. In this tradition there is one fundamental principle, which however divides into two parts. The first is (α) Whatever is distinguishable is distinct, and conversely. The second is (β) Whatever is distinct is separable, and conversely. Weinberg argues that both (α) and (β) are mistaken.In this paper I propose to explore the case against nominalism. I shall suggest that Weinberg's argument against (β), though not defective in the way some recent critics believe, depends upon a hidden premiss. I shall also suggest that the argument against (β), when the needed premiss is added, is but a special case of a more general argument. The latter in no way depends upon considerations concerning relational predicates, though Weinberg does in his discussion specifically introduce such considerations. Nor is that unreasonable on his part.
Artistic Verisimilitude (II)
Authors: Day J. P. 
Published: June 2010

We are now in a position to answer the question of importance or relevance : the question, namely, whether it is true, as it is often claimed to be, that works of fine art which are ∼ AN, in particular tragedies and novels, should be AV; and, if so, why. Briefly, it seems to me that the claim is true for a variety of reasons which I shall now detail.I pointed out earlier that a literary work is not a tragedy or a work of fiction at all unless it is ∼ AN. (Subsecs. 2.1.1., 2.1.3.) But if it is AV, then it is of course ∼ AN, so that this condition is met. Moreover, it is met n i the most satisfactory way; for, although a work is also ∼ AN if it is ∼ AV, it is evident that the better way of being ∼ AN is to be AV.
L'Écart des deux Wittgenstein comme discours
Authors: Lapointe Roger 
Published: June 2010

La distinction de deux Wittgenstein est-elle mythique, ainsi que le voudrait R. J. Bernstein? Mythe créé involontairement par un penseur aussi peu mythomane que possible, B. Russell, quand, dans sa préface au Tractatus, il assigna à l'auteur l'intention d'établir les « conditions d'un langage logiquement parfait ». Prenant le contre-pied d'un Wittgenstein-I lancé à la poursuite d'un langage idéal, Wittgenstein-II aurait, dans Investigations philosophiques, opéré un retour au langage naturel et au sens commun.Il est sans doute possible d'exagérer la distance qui sépare le Tractatus des Investigations philosophiques (dorénavant dénotés par T et IP). Mais on ne saurait la nier. Quelques rétractations expresses enregistrées dans le second ouvrage nous en empêcheraient (par exemple IP 23, 46, 97, 114). Le problème est plutôt de déterminer l'ampleur et la nature de la transformation, de la mesurer.
Randall's Interpretation of the Aristotelian “Active Intellect”
Authors: Horne James R. 
Published: June 2010

Aristotle's explanation of the “active intellect” inDe AnimaIII, 5 constitutes a problem for us simply because we have to take this philosopher so seriously. If he were a writer given to poetic lapses or mythical adornments to his work we could consider dismissing the whole chapter as unessential. However, we know that Aristotle does not write unessential chapters, and that he is invariably engaged in an attempt to explain his subject fully and systematically, neither adding to it nor leaving anything out.TheDe Anima, for example, is an attempt to describe the characteristics of living things, in an ascending order from the basic functions of vegetables to the most abstract thinking by human beings. The activities of nutrition, sensation, common sense, imagination, and movement are presented in Book II and in the early part of Book III.