bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Location and incidence of the zygomaticofacial foramen: An anatomic study
Authors: Aksu Funda , Ceri Nazli Gulriz , Arman Candan , Zeybek Fatma Gulşah , Tetik Suleyman 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe location and incidence of the zygomaticofacial foramen (ZFF) was studied in 80 dry skulls (160 sides) of unsexed adult skulls of West Anatolian people. The average distances from the ZFF to the frontozygomatic suture, to the zygomaticomaxillary suture, and to the inferior orbital rim were found to be 26.2 ± 3.2 mm, 18.6 ± 3.14 mm, and 5.94 ± 1.43 mm, respectively. The zygomas were evaluated for the number of foramina on their facial aspects. There was none in 25 (15.6%), one in 71 (44.4%), two in 45 (28.1%), three in 10 (6.3%), four in seven (4.4%), and five in two (1.3%) sides. The ZFF was also studied for its distribution around the zygoma by dividing the surface into four anatomical areas. There was no statistical difference between the morphometrical results on both sides. Data regarding the location and variation in the number of the ZFF is important in avoiding zygomatic nerve and vessel injury during surgery, but by virtue of the great variability found, ZFF is an unreliable landmark for maxillofacial surgery. Clin. Anat. 22:559–562, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chemical kinetics‐assisted, path‐based smoke simulation
Authors: Jang Yoojin , Ihm Insung 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDespite recent successes in physics‐based fluid animation, generating desired fluid flow with intuitive control of its motion still remains a challenging problem in the special effects industry. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for path‐based smoke simulation that explores the theory of chemical kinetics in an aim to provide a useful animation tool. By describing intended smoke effects through chemical reaction equations and adjusting their parameters, our method allows to easily create various interesting smoke effects that were often hard to get with previous techniques. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented animation framework, we describe several examples of path‐based smoke animations, generated with easily understandable reaction equations and control parameters. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fireworks controller
Authors: Zhao Hanli , Fan Ran , Wang Charlie C. L. , Jin Xiaogang , Meng Yuwei 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis paper presents the fireworks controller, a novel real‐time shape‐constrained fireworks animation system. We depict the shape of a firework by a 3D mesh. In order to approximate the mesh using evenly distributed points, we propose a fast point sampling method by extending the dual depth peeling algorithm. The samples are then taken as input to shape‐constrained fireworks whose physically plausible animations are based on inverse dynamics. We present a highly parallel iterative clustering algorithm to support multi‐level fireworks explosion. In order to simulate natural fuzzy fireworks, we impose extra random particles with a parallel random number generator. Several novel intuitive user interfaces are introduced to improve the usability of the system. Experimental results demonstrate the prettiness and efficiency of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Time‐critical collision handling for deformable modeling
Authors: Gissler Marc , Schmedding Ruediger , Teschner Matthias 
Published: May 2009

AbstractCollision handling is a comparatively time‐consuming task in dynamic simulations and the computational efficiency of collision handling techniques can vary significantly dependent on the spatial configuration of the environment. These issues have to be addressed in interactive simulations such as games or surgical simulators, where a pre‐defined response time should be guaranteed for each simulation step. We present a time‐critical collision handling approach for deformable objects. The technique employs spatial subdivision for the detection of collisions and penetration depth information is computed to estimate penalty forces. Detection, penetration depth estimation, and response are divided into atomic tasks. In case of an interruption, the algorithm basically resumes in the next time step. If collisions are not completely handled in one simulation step, the algorithm ensures that persistent collisions are handled in a subsequent simulation step. If an exact response cannot be computed in a given time frame, the algorithm efficiently approximates penalty forces for colliding points. Experiments indicate that the proposed technique provides a physically plausible collision handling in the case of incomplete or inconsistent collision information. User‐defined limits for the computation time can be guaranteed with an efficiency gain of up to factor three. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Real‐time fluid simulation with adaptive SPH
Authors: Yan He , Wang Zhangye , He Jian , Chen Xi , Wang Changbo , Peng Qunsheng 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe present a new adaptive model for real‐time fluid simulation based on Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) framework. Unlike traditional time‐consuming SPH methods, our model can simulate fluid at a considerably faster speed without losing realism. In our model, we first introduce the non‐uniform particle system and propose a generalized distance field function which considers not only geometrical complexity but also physical complexity of fluid body. And the new sampling rules for splitting and merging of particles are also presented. This can greatly reduce the computation time of the dynamic fluid simulation. Then, a new pressure state equation and an adaptive surface tension model are proposed to enhance the stability of the system and to make the free surface more realistic. To further accelerate the computation, a special fluid solver is designed and implemented using GPU. Various fluid phenomena like breaking wave and flood are simulated at real‐time. Experiments demonstrate that our new adaptive model can greatly enhance the computation efficiency of fluid simulation compared with previous adaptive methods. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Are nociceptin(1‐13)NH2and its structural analogue [ORN9]nociceptin(1‐13)NH2able to affect brain antioxidant status in control and kainic acid‐treated rats?
Authors: Tzvetanova Elina , Pavlova Almira , Alexandrova Albena , Nenkova Galina , Petrov Lubomir , Kirkova Margarita , Girchev Radoslav , Naydenova Emilia 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn‐vivoeffects of nociceptin (N/OFQ(1‐13)NH2) on the levels of lipid peroxidation and cell enzyme (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase) and non‐enzyme (glutathione) antioxidants in brain of control and kainic acid‐treated rats were studied. N/OFQ(1‐13)NH2effects were compared with those of its structural analogue [Orn9]N/OFQ(1‐13)NH2. Kainic acid (25 µg, i.c.v) increased the lipid peroxidation (4 and 24 h after kainic acid treatment) and decreased the glutathione level (1 h after kainic acid injection). We failed to find, any changes in antioxidant enzyme activities, independently of the time of kainic acid treatment. At the background of kainic acid‐effects, N/OFQ(1‐13)NH2and [Orn9] N/OFQ(1‐13)NH2, injected 30 min before kainic acid, had no effects on all parameters, tested in brain. In addition, the neuropeptides did not change the antioxidant status in brain of control animals. It might be concluded that N/OFQ(1‐13)NH2and [Orn9]N/OFQ(1‐13)NH2have neither pro‐ nor anti‐oxidant activity. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fluorescent Probes to Characterise FK506‐Binding Proteins
Authors: Kozany Christian , März Andreas , Kress Christoph , Hausch Felix 
Published: May 2009

AbstractTalented all‐rounders: Fluorescence polarisation assays were developed for members of the FK506‐binding protein family by using fluorescent rapamycin analogues (demonstrated in the figure). These tracers retain medium to high affinity to all tested proteins (FKBP12, ‐12.6, ‐13, ‐25, ‐51, ‐52). They can be used for active‐site titrations, competition assays with unlabelled ligands and enable a robust, miniaturized assay adequate for high‐throughput screening.magnified imageFK506‐binding proteins (FKBPs) convey the immunosuppressive action of FK506 and rapamycin and mediate the neuroprotective properties of these compounds, and participate in the regulation of calcium channels. In addition, the larger homologues FKBP51 and FKBP52 act as cochaperones for Hsp90 and regulate the transactivational activity of steroid hormone receptors. To further characterize these FKBPs, we have synthesized fluorescein‐coupled rapamycin analogues. In fluorescence polarization assays one of these compounds retained high affinity to all tested proteins (Kd: 0.1–20 nM) and could be used for active‐site titrations. To adapt the fluorescence polarization assay for high‐throughput purposes, a simplified rapamycin derivative was synthesized and labelled with fluorescein. This probe showed moderate affinity for the FK1 domains of FKBP51 (177 nM) and FKBP52 (469 nM) and allowed a highly robust, optimized, miniaturized assay (Z′>0.7) sufficient for high‐throughput screening of large compound libraries.
Zinc and Cadmium Complexes of a Plant Metallothionein under Radical Stress: Desulfurisation Reactions Associated with the Formation of trans‐Lipids in Model Membranes
Authors: Torreggiani Armida , Domènech Jordi , Orihuela Ruben , Ferreri Carla , Atrian Sílvia , Capdevila Mercè , Chatgilialoglu Chryssostomos 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBiomimetic tandem protein/lipid damage: The reactions of reductive reactive species, produced by γ irradiation of water, with Zn and Cd complexes of a metallothionein from a plant afford diffusible sulfur‐centred radicals generated from methionine residues and sulfide ligands. These species migrate from the aqueous phase to the lipid bilayer and transform the cis double bond of the oleate moiety to trans isomer (see scheme).magnified imageMetallothioneins (MTs) are sulfur‐rich proteins capable of binding metal ions to give metal clusters. The metal–MT aggregates used in this work were Zn– and Cd–QsMT, where QsMT is an MT from the plant Quercus suber. Reactions of reductive reactive species (H. atoms and eaq−), produced by γ irradiation of water, with Zn– and Cd–QsMT were carried out in both aqueous solutions and vesicle suspensions, and were characterized by different approaches. By using a biomimetic model based on unsaturated lipid vesicle suspensions, the occurrence of tandem protein/lipid damage was shown. The reactions of reductive reactive species with methionine residues and/or sulfur‐containing ligands afford diffusible sulfur‐centred radicals, which migrate from the aqueous phase to the lipid bilayer and transform the cis double bond of the oleate moiety into the trans isomer. Tailored experiments allowed the reaction mechanism to be elucidated in some detail. The formation of sulfur‐centred radicals is accompanied by the modification of the metal–QsMT complexes, which were monitored by various spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques (Raman, CD, and ESI‐MS). Attack of the H. atom and eaq− on the metal–QsMT aggregates can induce significant structural changes such as partial deconstruction and/or rearrangement of the metal clusters and breaking of the protein backbone. Substantial differences were observed in the behaviour of the Zn– and Cd–QsMT aggregates towards the reactive species, depending on the different folding of the polypeptide in these two cases.
Total Synthesis of the Aspercyclides
Authors: Pospíšil Jiří , Müller Christoph , Fürstner Alois 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDisparate sister compounds: Despite their similarity, significantly different strategies were necessary to bring the individual members of the aspercyclide family into reach. Whereas the strained eleven‐membered ring of aspercyclide C (see figure) could be closed by RCM, it required the power of organochromium chemistry (Nozaki–Hiyama–Kishi reaction) to forge the frame of its sterically even more hindered congener aspercyclide B.magnified imageTwo different approaches to the eleven‐membered biaryl ether lactones of the aspercyclide family are disclosed. The core regions of these highly strained targets, which are able to interfere with the binding of immunoglobulin E to its high affinity receptor, can either be forged by ring‐closing olefin metathesis (RCM) or by a highly diastereoselective chromium‐mediated Nozaki–Hiyama–Kishi (NHK) reaction. Whereas the RCM approach turned out to be responsive to minor changes in the substitution pattern of the substrate, the NHK route is more generally applicable. The preparation of the required cyclization precursor 43 hinged on a palladium‐catalyzed ortho‐iodination reaction of 2‐methylbenzoic acid, an efficient copper‐catalyzed Ullmann coupling, and a Takai–Utimoto olefination as the key steps. Moreover, the esterification of the 2,6‐disubstituted benzoic acid 34 with the sterically hindered secondary alcohol 37 was far from trivial. However, this and related transformations were accomplished by recourse to the corresponding acid fluorides, which provided excellent yields in cases in which the more commonly used acid chlorides or mixed anhydrides failed to afford any of the desired products.
Facile and Efficient Enantioselective Strecker Reaction of Ketimines by Chiral Sodium Phosphate
Authors: Shen Ke , Liu Xiaohua , Cai Yunfei , Lin Lili , Feng Xiaoming 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAsymmetric catalysis: A facile enantioselective Strecker reaction of ketimines with trimethylsilyl cyanide (TMSCN) was realized by employing chiral (S)‐BNPNa 3 e and PBAP as an additive (see image). A wide substrate scope and good‐to‐excellent enantioselectivities were achieved.magnified imageA facile and efficient enantioselective Strecker reaction of ketimines catalyzed by a chiral alkali‐metal salt has been developed. When 10 mol % BNPNa (BNP=1,1′‐binaphthyl‐2,2′‐diylphosphate) prepared in situ and 10 mol % para‐tert‐butyl‐ortho‐adamantylphenol (PBAP) were introduced into the reaction, up to 96 % yield and up to 95 % ee (ee=enantiomeric excess) were obtained. Both aliphatic and aromatic ketimines, especially sterically bulky cyclic ketimines derived from β‐acetonaphthone, α‐indanone, and α‐tetralone were found suitable for this reaction. On the basis of the experimental results and previous reports, trimethylsilyl cyanide (TMSCN) was indicated to be the real reactive nucleophile despite the existence of PBAP, and a possible working model was proposed to explain the origin of the asymmetric induction. The facile availability of 1,1′‐binaphthyl‐2,2′‐diylphosphoric acid (BNPH) and the simplicity of the procedure are beneficial for practical applications.
Chiral 1,1′‐binaphthylazepine‐derived amino alcohol catalyzed asymmetric aryl transfer reactions with boroxine as aryl source
Authors: Liu Can , Guo Zong‐Liang , Weng Jiang , Lu Gui , Chan Albert S. C. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractUsing chiral 1,1′‐binaphthylazepine‐derived amino alcohol as catalyst, the direct addition of in situ prepared arylzinc (with triphenylboroxine as aryl source) to various aryl aldehydes can afford optically active diarylmethanols in high yields and enantioselectivities (up to 96%). Chirality, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Integration of metabolomics and in vitro metabolism assays for investigating the stereoselective transformation of triadimefon in rainbow trout
Authors: Kenneke John F. , Ekman Drew R. , Mazur Chris S. , Konwick Brad J. , Fisk Aaron T. , Avants Jimmy K. , Garrison A. Wayne 
Published: May 2009

AbstractTriadimefon is a systemic agricultural fungicide of the triazole class whose major metabolite, triadimenol, also a commercial fungicide, provides the majority of the actual fungicidal activity, i.e., inhibition of steroid demethylation. Both chemicals are chiral: triadimefon has one chiral center with two enantiomers while its enzymatic reduction to triadimenol produces a second chiral center and two diastereomers with two enantiomers each. All six stereoisomers of the two fungicides were separated from each other using a chiral BGB‐172 column on a GC‐MS system so as to follow stereospecificity in metabolism by rainbow trout hepatic microsomes. In these microsomes the S‐(+) enantiomer of triadimefon was transformed to triadimenol 27% faster than the R‐(−) enantiomer, forming the four triadimenol stereoisomers at rates different from each other. The most fungi‐toxic stereoisomer (1S,2R) was produced at the slowest rate; it was detectable after 8 h, but below the level of method quantitation. The triadimenol stereoisomer ratio pattern produced by the trout microsomes was very different from that of the commercial triadimenol standard, in which the most rat‐toxic pair of enantiomers (known as “Diastereomer A”) is about 85% of the total stereoisomer composition. The trout microsomes produced only about 4% of “Diastereomer A”. Complementary metabolomic studies with NMR showed that exposure of the separate triadimefon enantiomers and the racemate to rainbow trout for 48 h resulted in different metabolic profiles in the trout liver extracts, i.e., different endogenous metabolite patterns that indicated differences in effects of the two enantiomers. Chirality, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The roles of actin cytoskeleton and microtubules for membrane recycling of a food vacuole in Tetrahymena thermophila
Authors: Sugita Maki , Nakano Kentaro , Sato Mayuko , Toyooka Kiminori , Numata Osamu 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPhagocytosis is a fundamental cellular event for the uptake of nutrients from the environment in several kinds of eukaryote. Most ciliates egest waste and undigested materials in food vacuoles (FVs) through a cytoproct, which is a specific organelle for defecation. It is considered that FV egestion is initiated by fusion between the FV membrane and plasma membrane in a cytoproct and completed with retrieval of the membrane into a cytoplasmic space. In addition, electron microscopy indicated that microfilaments might be involved in the recycling process of the FV membrane in ciliates over 30 years ago; however, there is no conclusive evidence. Here we demonstrated actin organization on FV near a cytoproct in Tetrahymena thermophila by using a marker for a cytoproct. Moreover, it was revealed that cells treated with actin cytoskeletal inhibitor, Latrunculin B, might be suppressed for membrane retrieval in a cytoproct following FV egestion. On the other hand, the actin structures, likely to be the site of membrane retrieval, were frequently observed in the cells treated with cytoplasmic microtubules inhibitor, Nocodazole. We concluded that actin filaments were probably required for recycling of the FV membrane in a cytoproct although the role was not essential for FV egestion. In addition, it was possible that microtubules might be involved in transportation of recycling vesicles of FV coated with F‐actin. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Discovery of a Potent, CNS‐Penetrant Orexin Receptor Antagonist Based on an N,N‐Disubstituted‐1,4‐diazepane Scaffold that Promotes Sleep in Rats
Authors: Whitman David B. , Cox Christopher D. , Breslin Michael J. , Brashear Karen M. , Schreier John D. , Bogusky Michael J. , Bednar Rodney A. , Lemaire Wei , Bruno Joseph G. , Hartman George D. , Reiss Duane R. , Harrell C. Meacham , Kraus Richard L. , Li Yuxing , Garson Susan L. , Doran Scott M. , Prueksaritanont Thomayant , Li Chunze , Winrow Christopher J. , Koblan Kenneth S. , Renger John J. , Coleman Paul J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractSilent Night: Antagonism of the orexin (or hypocretin) system has recently been identified as a novel mechanism for the treatment of insomnia. Herein, we describe discovery of a dual (OX1R/OX2R) orexin receptor antagonist featuring a 1,4‐diazepane central constraint that blocks orexin signaling in vivo. In telemetry‐implanted rats, oral administration of this antagonist produced a decrease in wakefulness, while increasing REM and non‐REM sleep.magnified image
Filter digital form of two future temperature methods for the inverse heat conduction: A spectral comparison
Authors: Cabeza José María Gutiérrez , García Juan Andrés Martín , Rodríguez Alfonso Corz 
Published: May 2009

AbstractSequential methods that use future times in order to solve an inverse heat conduction problem can be re‐formulated as a sequential digital filter algorithm. The aim of this paper is to explore the filter effect of the function specification method and the truncated singular value decomposition method, in a sequential form. For this purpose, the power spectral densities of the corresponding filter coefficients are evaluated and it is shown that they act as band‐pass filter. Three numerical tests with different frequency spectra are considered in order to solve a linear one‐dimensional transient inverse problem. Furthermore, three models of crescent complexity are used in each method. It is shown that both methods provide similar results and in most cases, the optimum estimations require the same number of future times. As it is expected, similar estimations correspond to a similar band‐pass filter. The effect of the number of future times, the influence of the frequency spectrum of the input and the complexity of the model used can be clearly interpreted in the spectral space. The most complex models act as a highly selective band‐pass filter, but they require greater number of future times. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the solution of the nonlinear Korteweg–de Vries equation by the homotopy perturbation method
Authors: Yildirim Ahmet 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn this paper, the homotopy perturbation method is used to implement the nonlinear Korteweg–de Vries equation. The analytical solution of the equation is calculated in the form of a convergent power series with easily computable components. A suitable choice of an initial solution can lead to the needed exact solution by a few iterations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What Far‐Infrared Spectra Can Contribute to the Development of Force Fields for Ionic Liquids Used in Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Köddermann Thorsten , Fumino Koichi , Ludwig Ralf , Canongia Lopes José N. , Pádua Agílio A. H. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractSymbiosis: Far‐infrared spectra can be used to check the quality of force fields for molecular dynamics simulations of ionic liquids. On the other hand, MD simulations can explain the molecular basis of measured properties for this new liquid material (see picture).magnified image