bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dispute causation: identification of pathogenic influences in construction
Authors: Love Peter , Davis Peter , Ellis Joanne , On Cheung Sai 
Published: July 2010

PurposeWhile a considerable amount of knowledge has been accumulated about dispute causation, disputes continue to prevail and disharmonise the process of construction with considerable cost. This paper seeks to identify the underlying pathogens that clients and contractors perceive to contribute to disputes in construction projects. The identification of pathogens can provide an ameliorated understanding of the origin of disputes and therefore enable their prevention.Design/methodology/approachCase law and focus groups with a client and contracting organisation from Western Australia are used to determine the pathogens of disputes.FindingsAnalysis of the case law findings revealed that the underlying issues that were brought to litigation were to do with points of law, namely “civil procedure”. A significant number of disputes are thus settled using alternative dispute resolution methods such as adjudication, arbitration and mediation. For clients the underlying latent conditions that resulted in a dispute were due to the nature of the task being performed (e.g. failure to detect and correct errors) and those arising from people's deliberate practices (e.g. failure to oblige by contractual requirements). For the contractor focus group the circumstances arising from the situation or environment the project was operating in were identified as the main underlying latent condition for disputes (e.g. unforeseen scope changes).Research limitations/implicationsFocus groups are only undertaken with clients and contracting groups as they were identified as the main parties involved in dispute during the analysis of litigation cases within Western Australia. Input from consultants and subcontractors may provide a more balanced perspective as to the perceived causes and costs of disputes.Originality/valueThe research has been able to provide the initial building blocks for understanding the underlying pathogens contributing to disputes. However, more empirical research is required before conclusive findings can be made, particularly with regard to the influences on subcontractors.
Negotiated capital: conflict, its resolution, and workplace social capital
Authors: Avgar Ariel C. 
Published: July 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of conflict and conflict resolution on employee perceptions of unit social capital. The paper aims to test the overarching proposition that social capital is affected by different types of conflict and by organizational methods used to manage them.Design/methodology/approachThe paper's hypotheses were tested using survey data collected as part of a case study conducted in a large Ohio hospital that had adopted a conflict management system. Survey data from 791 hospital employees were used to test hypotheses regarding the relationship between conflict and its management and social capital.FindingsAnalysis of the data supports the paper's proposition that different forms of conflict affect perceptions of social capital differently. Relationship and task conflict were significantly and negatively related to employee perceptions of social capital. Conflict regarding patient care issues, on the other hand, was significantly and positively related to employee perceptions of social capital. Results support the hypothesized direct and indirect effects of conflict management on social capital. In addition to directly increasing perceptions of social capital, one of the conflict management options examined (supervisor‐assisted) moderated the relationship between relationship and task conflict and social capital.Research limitations/implicationsThe research implies that organizational conflict affects social capital. More importantly, different forms of conflict affect social capital in different ways. Furthermore, the findings imply that organizational management of conflict plays an important role in increasing perceptions of social capital. Shortcomings include the use of cross‐sectional data and the generalizability of findings from one hospital to other settings.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest that an organization's approach to conflict and conflict management will affect perceived levels of social capital. In addition, organizations must be nuanced in the way they manage and resolve different types of conflict. Finally, findings suggest that supervisors play an important role in increasing unit social capital by assisting employees in resolving conflict.Originality/valueThe paper provides one of the first empirical examinations of the relationship between conflict, conflict resolution and social capital.
Shared metacognition in integrative negotiation
Authors: Choi Dong‐Won 
Published: July 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the unique effect that shared metacognition has on negotiation – over and above the effect of simply having similar views.Design/methodology/approachAn experiment was conducted where it was systematically varied whether the negotiators explicitly knew or did not know that their opponent had a similar view of the negotiation task.FindingsResults showed that having shared metacognition promoted: cooperative negotiation, accurate insight into the opponent's point values (which was correlated with increased joint gain), and increased satisfaction regarding the negotiation outcome. Moreover, this was the case across different conditions in which negotiators' negotiation task view and motivation were varied.Practical implicationsThe paper suggests that negotiators and mediators can benefit by developing a common understanding of the negotiation and explicitly exchanging this understanding with each other (establishing shared metacognition) prior to engaging in the negotiation. Future studies should examine closely the underlying process of shared metacognition in terms of its impact on negotiation.Originality/valuePrior research suggests that successful, integrative negotiation depends on negotiators' view of the negotiation task and whether they hold similar views of the negotiation task (shared cognition). Implicit in this research is that the negotiating parties not only had similar views of the negotiation task but also may have explicitly known that they did so (shared metacognition).
Five critical knowledge management organizational themes
Authors: Sun Peter 
Published: July 2010

PurposeThis study is motivated by the question “how do organizational routines influence the three knowledge management processes of acquisition, creation, utilization and sharing?” and accordingly it seeks to address this issue.Design/methodology/approachA theoretical framework is first built by linking absorptive capacity (a routine‐based capability) with knowledge management processes. A literature search guided by the theoretical framework, and evidence from two case studies, were used to address the objective of the study.FindingsThe study elicited the organizational routines that influence the three knowledge management processes. These routines were then clustered into five key organizational themes: systemic knowledge; strategic engagement; social networking (external and internal); cultural context; process and structural context.Research limitations/implicationsSeveral implications for research are suggested. More specifically, the study offers five propositions that can be further tested. The key limitation of this study is the use of only two case studies for empirical data, and therefore further testing is needed.Practical implicationsThe study shows that, although leadership behavior is critical for knowledge management, its impact depends on the platform of routines and processes built for it. The identified routines and their influence on knowledge management are invaluable for knowledge management practitioners.Originality/valueThe paper furthers understanding of how organizational routines influence the three knowledge management processes of knowledge acquisition, creation, utilization and sharing. This aspect has been little studied and is of value to both academics and practitioners.
Knowledge management in international organisations
Authors: Ringel‐Bickelmaier Claudia , Ringel Marc 
Published: July 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review the approaches of international organizations to fostering knowledge management.Design/methodology/approachTwo different approaches are used: First, presenting case studies on the United Nations Development Programme, the UN Economic Commission for Asia and the Pacific, the World Bank, the International Atomic Energy Agency, the OECD and the European Commission. Second, evaluation of the progress of the respective approaches by using common test criteria for knowledge management implementation established in the literature.FindingsIt was found that all the institutions covered in this contribution have passed the stage of information management and have put active knowledge management systems in place. However, a structured and systematic management of implicit and external knowledge can be found to a lesser extent. Only a few international organizations like UNDP or the World Bank have pushed their knowledge management systems to integrate both internal and external, explicit and implicit knowledge. The results show clearly that most international organizations still show much room for improvement regarding their information and knowledge management system.Research limitations/implicationsThe study was the first of its kind to look into information and knowledge management in international organizations. The contribution can be used as a starting‐point for further in‐depth work and as a blueprint for designing knowledge management systems in other international bodies.Practical implicationsThe findings from the study may be used by various practitioners including knowledge managers in international organizations, knowledge management professionals and university researchers.Originality/valueThe paper represents the first documented attempt to review information and knowledge management in international organizations.
Macro process of knowledge management for continuous innovation
Authors: Xu Jing , Houssin Rémy , Caillaud Emmanuel , Gardoni Mickaël 
Published: July 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to explore the mechanisms of knowledge management (KM) for innovation and provide an approach for enterprises to leverage KM activities into continuous innovation.Design/methodology/approachBy reviewing the literature from multidisciplinary fields, the concepts of knowledge, KM and innovation are investigated. The physical, human and technological perspectives of KM are distinguished with the identification of two core activities for innovation: knowledge creation and knowledge usage. Then an essential requirement for continuous innovation – an internalization phase – is defined. The systems thinking and human‐centered perspectives are adopted for providing a comprehensive understanding about the mechanisms of KM for innovation.FindingsA networking process of continuous innovation based on KM is proposed by incorporating the phase of internalization. Three sources of organizational knowledge assets in innovation are identified. Then, based on the two core activities of innovation, a meta‐model and a macro process of KM are proposed to model the mechanisms of KM for continuous innovation. Then, in order to operationalize the KM mechanisms, a hierarchical model with four layers is constructed by integrating three sources of knowledge assets, the meta‐model and the macro process into the process of continuous innovation.Practical implicationsAccording to the lessons learned about KM practices in previous research, the three perspectives of KM should collaborate with one another for successful implementation of KM projects for innovation; the networking process of innovation provides a new way to integrate KM process in innovation; the hierarchical model provides a suitable architecture to implement systems of KM for innovation.Originality/valueThe meta‐model and macro process of KM explain how the next generation of KM can help the value creation and support the continuous innovation from the systems thinking perspective. The hierarchical model illustrates the complicated knowledge dynamics in the process of continuous innovation.
Knowledge management in UK police forces
Authors: Seba Ibrahim , Rowley Jennifer 
Published: July 2010

PurposeThis study seeks to contribute to understanding of knowledge management and, specifically, knowledge sharing in the public sector through a case study‐based investigation of knowledge management policies and strategies, and knowledge‐sharing processes in four UK police forces.Design/methodology/approachSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with ten police officers in three police forces, and in the National Policing Improvement Agency. Questions focused on knowledge management strategy, strategies for encouraging staff to share and exchange knowledge, and any challenges in these areas. Interviews were recorded and transcripts created. A three‐stage thematic analysis of the interview transcripts was undertaken.FindingsNone of the case study organizations has an overarching knowledge management strategy or policy, although there is widespread recognition of the importance of intelligence and knowledge sharing to successful policing. The three police forces, supported by the National Policing Improvement Agency, do try to embody knowledge management in their strategies, processes and training methods, although it is sometimes difficult to identify relevant initiatives and practices. Forces are facing major issues in encouraging knowledge sharing as a result of the culture, the size of the force, and variable recognition of the value of knowledge management.Originality/valueThe study concurs with earlier work on research into knowledge management and knowledge sharing in the public sector that suggests that these processes are implicit and embedded in the culture of such organizations. This makes it challenging to “manage” knowledge in such contexts. The paper offers some insights into how knowledge is managed in the UK police force.
Institutional repositories: assessing their value to the academic community
Authors: Cullen Rowena , Chawner Brenda 
Published: July 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the development of institutional repositories in New Zealand, exploring factors affecting the adoption and success of institutional repositories from the perspective of the library managers who established them, and from the perspective of the academic community.Design/methodology/approachData from a series of interviews with library managers are compared with the findings from a randomised national survey of academics.FindingsThe responses of the library managers suggest that they are positive about the value of their institutional repository, and the progress made towards recruiting content for it. Data from the survey of academics indicate that academics have been slow to embrace the concept of institutional repositories, and show little interest in using repositories for increasing the accessibility of their own work, or to access the work of others. The number of deposits remains low, mirroring patterns throughout the world, and subject or disciplinary repositories appear to have greater value to the academic community.Practical implicationsThe future long‐term sustainability of institutional repositories depends on gaining a stronger commitment from the academic community, or developing different goals, against which their success might be measured.Originality/valueThe study is the first random survey of academic staff across all disciplines, and an entire country, and the findings have a very high level of generalisability.
The Bulgarian university libraries in internet
Authors: Kirilova Savina 
Published: July 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the content and design of academic library web sites.Design/methodology/approachThe evaluation of the quality of the web sites is carried out on the basis of their function, design, originality, professionalism and efficiency. The quantitative analysis includes areas such as basic information about the library (address, contact information, opening hours, history); access to the electronic resources (OPAC, other electronic information); guides to internet resources (free access or subscribe databases); synchronous and asynchronous online reference services (e‐mail, web forms, chat sessions, audio and video conferencing). Based on these indices, an expert evaluation was carried out, as well as a survey of 42 university libraries, accessible from the web portal of the Ministry of Education and Science, Bulgaria.FindingsThe survey shows that Bulgarian academic library web sites do have a common core of content and many follow the design guidelines, but they still have not come up to expectations as high quality virtual expressions of academic libraries.Originality/valueThis paper presents a comparison of all university libraries in Bulgaria and lays down the prospects to them under the conditions of the so‐called “information age”.
Personas and a user‐centered visioning process
Authors: Koltay Zsuzsa , Tancheva Kornelia 
Published: July 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to outline a fast track process Cornell used to develop a user‐focused vision and recommendations on how Cornell University Library should present itself and the information landscape to its users.Design/methodology/approachA consultant was hired to conduct local interviews probing audience work habits and needs and to synthesize them into composite personas segmented on the basis of “like” behavior. These “imaginary friends” helped validate and supplement user studies done elsewhere and existing quantitative data from Cornell, thus influencing all the decisions and recommendations that the team produced.FindingsThe personas can also serve as a way to effectively communicate about and develop empathy for user needs throughout planning and implementation.Practical implicationsUnderstanding and assessing the information seeking and managing needs, habits, and expectations of a library's audience are crucial for creating a digital library environment that is relevant to users. While anthropological studies are most meaningful, can you be sure that results produced at other institutions are complete and relevant for your own environment and purpose? The use of personas provides an effective tool that validates such comparisons.Originality/valuePersonas have been mostly used in industry, but in our process they proved a useful and relevant benchmark for the academic library environment.
Library assessment plans: four case studies
Authors: Tatarka Agnes , Chapa Kay , Li Xin , Rutner Jennifer 
Published: July 2010

PurposeThe libraries at the University of Chicago, Columbia University, the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, and Cornell University have created or re‐defined their assessment plans and programs within the last two years. This paper aims to show the similarities and differences between the approaches of these four institutions.Design/methodology/approachA case study approach is taken.FindingsThese case studies underscore how vital assessment has become and illustrate how these assessment programs have evolved to reflect local needs and priorities, their libraries' organizational structure, their institutions' planning cycle, and, the reality of limited resources.Originality/valueRecognizing that understanding local needs is the key to successful assessment at any institution, it is hoped that these case studies will be useful to libraries that are at various stages of building an assessment program.
Exploring intra‐industry competitive heterogeneity
Authors: DeSarbo Wayne S. , Wang Qiong , Blanchard Simon J. 
Published: July 2010

PurposeThe paper aims to examine the nature of competition within an industry by proposing and examining three separate sources of competitive heterogeneity: the strategies that industry members use, the performance that they obtain, and how effectively the strategies are utilized to obtain such performance results.Design/methodology/approachTo do so, a restricted latent structure finite mixture model is devised that can quantify the contribution of these three potential sources of heterogeneity in the formulation of latent competitive groups within an industry. The paper illustrate this modeling framework with respect to COMPUSTAT strategy and performance data collected for public banks in the USA.FindingsThe paper shows how traditional conceptualizations via strategic or performance groups are inadequate to fully represent intra‐industry heterogeneity.Originality/valueThis research paper proposes a new class of restricted finite mixture‐based models, which fit a variety of alternative forms/models of heterogeneity. Information heuristics are developed to indicate “best model.”
Modeling the enablers of Six Sigma using interpreting structural modeling
Authors: Soti Ashish , Shankar Ravi , Kaushal O.P. 
Published: July 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this research paper is to study the enablers of Six Sigma and to establish relationship among them using interpretive structural modeling (ISM).Design/methodology/approachThe research paper presents a blend of theoretical framework and practical applications. In the paper, 11 enablers of Six Sigma are identified from literature survey and experts' opinion and then these are validated by questionnaire survey in India. Finally, ISM is used to obtain structural relationship among these enablers of Six Sigma.FindingsThe ISM‐based model indicates that “effective top management leadership role”, “availability of funds” and “availability of expert training” are strategic requirements; “organizational culture”, “organizational infrastructure”, “quality maturity level of organization”, and “employees' adaptability and flexibility towards learning” are tactical requirements. “Statistical thinking”, “committed work force”, “reliable data gathering and retrieval system”, and “technical competence” are operational requirements for Six Sigma applications.Originality/valueEnablers are the building blocks for deployment of Six Sigma. To know the key enablers and relationship among them can help many organizations to develop Six Sigma competences. It is one of the foremost attempts to model enablers of Six Sigma. The paper provides useful insights to the Six Sigma implementers, consultants, and researchers.