bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Steam explosion‐assisted grinding improves the functional properties and antioxidant activity of Java tea‐leaf powders (Clerodendranthus spicatus)
Authors: Wang Jia , Zhang Xiaoyu , Li Shuqin , Wang Yajie , Zhang Min , Chen Haixia 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDJava tea is widely consumed and has multiple health effects. This study established a steam explosion (SE) pretreatment method to prepare Java tea‐leaf powders. The physicochemical, functional properties, phenolic extraction, and antioxidant activity of Java tea‐leaf powders produced by simple and SE‐assisted milling methods were investigated.RESULTSIn comparison with simple milling, SE pretreatment broke the cell wall effectively and reduced the particle size of Java tea‐leaf powders. Steam explosion‐treated powders showed higher values for sensory signals, bulk and tap density, and for the water solubility index. After SE treatment, the adsorption capacities to glucose, soybean oil, and cholesterol of leaf powders were increased by up to 55, 95, and 80% respectively. The extracts from SE‐treated powders also showed higher total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity.CONCLUSIONSteam explosion treatment is helpful for the improvement of functional properties and antioxidant activity, which can benefit the development and application of Java tea‐leaf powders. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Voice as a Biomarker in Health‐Tech: Mapping the Evolving Landscape of Voice Biomarkers in the Start‐Up World
Authors: Evangelista Emily G. , Bélisle‐Pipon Jean‐Christophe , Naunheim Matthew R. , Powell Maria , Gallois Hortense ,   Bridge2AI‐Voice Consortium, Bensoussan Yael 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe vocal biomarkers market was worth $1.9B in 2021 and is projected to exceed $5.1B by 2028, for a compound annual growth rate of 15.15%. The investment growth demonstrates a blossoming interest in voice and artificial intelligence (AI) as it relates to human health. The objective of this study was to map the current landscape of start‐ups utilizing voice as a biomarker in health‐tech.Data SourcesA comprehensive search for start‐ups was conducted using Google, LinkedIn, Twitter, and Facebook. A review of the research was performed using company website, PubMed, and Google Scholar.Review MethodsA 3‐pronged approach was taken to thoroughly map the landscape. First, an internet search was conducted to identify current start‐ups focusing on products relating to voice as a biomarker of health. Second, Crunchbase was utilized to collect financial and organizational information. Third, a review of the literature was conducted to analyze publications associated with the identified start‐ups.ResultsA total of 27 start‐up start‐ups with a focus in the utilization of AI for developing biomarkers of health from the human voice were identified. Twenty‐four of these start‐ups garnered $178,808,039 in investments. The 27 start‐ups published 194 publications combined, 128 (66%) of which were peer reviewed.ConclusionThere is growing enthusiasm surrounding voice as a biomarker in health‐tech. Academic drive may complement commercialization to best achieve progress in this arena. More research is needed to accurately capture the entirety of the field, including larger industry players, academic institutions, and non‐English content.
Symptom‐Free Intervals Following Laser Wedge Excision for Recurrent Idiopathic Subglottic Stenosis
Authors: Xie Katherine Z. , Bowen Andrew J. , O'Byrne Thomas J. , Wallerius Katherine P. , Awadallah Andrew S. , Aden Aisha A. , Bayan Semirra L. , Edell Eric S. , Vassallo Robert , Kasperbauer Jan L. , Ekbom Dale C. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveAnalyze the duration of symptom‐free intervals following laser wedge excision (LWE) for recurrent idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS). Secondary aim includes evaluating the influence of patient‐related or disease factors.Study DesignRetrospective review.SettingTertiary center.MethodsReview of iSGS patients who underwent LWE between 2002 and 2021. LWE patients without prior airway surgery were labeled LWE primary (LWEP) and those with prior history of dilation were labeled LWE secondary (LWES). A conditional frailty repeated events model was used to analyze the median time to recurrence (MTR) for each nth recurrence. Secondary analysis included stratification by use of medical therapy and initial preoperative characteristics of scar (Myer‐Cotton grade, distance between the glottis and superior‐most aspect of scar, DGS; length of scar, DL).ResultsTwo hundred and ten iSGS patients underwent LWE (131 LWEP, 79 LWES). The proportion of patients experiencing at least 1, 3, 6, and 12 recurrences, respectively, was 68.0% (n = 143), 40.7% (n = 85), 20.0% (n = 42), and 5.2% (n = 11). There was exponential time‐shortening from the 1st to 12th recurrence (P < .0001). While MTR was 4.1 years after the first LWE, this fell to 2.8, 1.7, 1.0, and 0.7 years for the 2nd, 3rd, 6th, and 12th recurrences. Furthermore, LWEP patients experienced longer MTR than LWES counterparts within the first 6 recurrences (P < .01). There was no significant relationship between intersurgical interval and medication adherence, DL, DGS, or grade for recurrences beyond the first (P = .207, P = .20, P = .43, P = .16).ConclusionSymptom‐free intervals in iSGS shorten with each subsequent recurrence and LWE. The difference in MTR between LWEP and LWES groups was significant within the first 6 recurrences with LWEP having longer MTR.Level of Evidence3.
Association of COVID‐19 Vaccination With Changes in Smell and Taste
Authors: Gallagher Tyler J. , Parikh Miti , Herrera Kevin , Lin Matthew E. , Hur Kevin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSince the introduction of vaccines for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in the United States, there has been significant vaccine hesitancy, in part due to fear of adverse effects. We sought to investigate the rates of smell and taste changes after COVID‐19 vaccination compared to other common vaccines. Our study cohort included individuals identified by Current Procedural Terminology code in the TriNetX database receiving the COVID‐19 first series, COVID‐19 booster, influenza, tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis (TDAP), or pneumococcal vaccines between December 15, 2020, and August 15, 2023. After 1:1 propensity score matching, postvaccination incidence of disturbance of smell and taste was significantly less likely after COVID‐19 first series vaccine compared to influenza (odds ratios, OR: 0.27 [95% confidence interval, CI: 0.20‐0.36]), TDAP (OR: 0.35 [95% CI: 0.26‐0.47]), and pneumococcal vaccines (OR: 0.17 [95% CI: 0.09‐0.32]). Similarly, incidence of disturbance of smell and taste was significantly less likely after COVID‐19 booster vaccine compared to the influenza (OR: 0.60 [95% CI: 0.48‐0.76]), TDAP (OR: 0.63 [95% CI: 0.47‐0.85]), and pneumococcal vaccines (OR: 0.44 [95% CI: 0.28‐0.68]). This study builds upon the literature demonstrating the safety of COVID‐19 vaccination.
Early Adverse Respiratory Outcomes in Obese Pediatric Tonsillectomy Patients
Authors: Wie Kathryn , Zaccor Nicholas , Zou Jonathan , Vandjelovic Nathan , Faria John 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if body mass index (BMI) is predictive of adverse respiratory events (ARE) in the obese pediatric population undergoing tonsillectomy.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingSingle institution academic otolaryngology practice.MethodsAll patients 3 to 12 years old with BMI ≥95th percentile that underwent tonsillectomy March 1, 2011 to July 15, 2020 were included. The study excluded patients with comorbidities that warranted admission independent of BMI, including Trisomy 21, gross developmental delay, neuromuscular disorders, and congenital heart disease. Perioperative AREs following tonsillectomy were recorded. AREs were defined as postoperative desaturation (SpO2 < 90%), intubation, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), or new O2 requirement for >2 hours.ResultsEighteen patients (8%) had at least 1 ARE. There were no children age 5 and older with a BMI 95th percentile to 98.9th percentile who had an early adverse respiratory outcome. Preoperative polysomnogram (PSG) metrics, obstructive apnea‐hypopnea index (oAHI), and oxygen saturations (SpO2) nadir was significantly different between patients with and without AREs (mean oAHI 54.3 vs 17.4, P = .02; mean SpO2 nadir 73.1% vs 84.5%, P = .05). There was no significant difference in the BMI z score (2.88 vs 2.45, P = .09) between groups.ConclusionAREs requiring inpatient management are uncommon in obese children after tonsillectomy. BMI is a poor independent indication for admission except at BMI extremes. We found significantly higher oAHI and lower SpO2 nadir on PSG indicate a higher risk for AREs and can guide admission postoperatively. There may be a subset of obese tonsillectomy patients who can be safely discharged home on the day of surgery.
Effect of adding diaphragmatic breathing to corrective exercises on kyphotic angle and diaphragmatic excursion in postmenopausal kyphotic women: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Rashed Samia S. , Okeel Fahema M. , Yousef Amel M. , Kamel Khaled M. , Osman Doaa A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundAge‐related thoracic kyphosis can impair posture, diaphragmatic excursion, respiratory function, and overall quality of life (QoL).PurposeThis randomized controlled trial aimed to compare the effects of corrective exercises alone versus combined with diaphragmatic breathing exercises on thoracic kyphosis, diaphragmatic excursion, thoracic pain, and QoL in postmenopausal kyphotic women.MethodsForty postmenopausal women diagnosed with thoracic kyphosis were randomly divided into two groups. Group A received corrective exercises for 12 weeks (n = 20), while Group B received both diaphragmatic breathing exercises and corrective exercises for the same duration (n = 20). Primary outcome measures were thoracic kyphosis angle and diaphragmatic excursion, while secondary outcome measures were thoracic pain and QoL. Both groups were assessed pre‐ and post‐intervention using a flexible curve ruler for the thoracic kyphosis angle, ultrasonography for the diaphragmatic excursion, the visual analog scale for thoracic pain, and the Arabic version of the QoL Questionnaire of the European Foundation for Osteoporosis for QoL.ResultsBoth groups showed significant within‐group improvements in all measures post‐intervention (p < 0.05). Between‐group comparisons post‐intervention revealed no significant differences (p > 0.05) except for diaphragmatic excursion, where Group B showed significantly greater improvement (p < 0.05).ConclusionsA 12‐week program of corrective exercises alone or combined with diaphragmatic breathing exercises significantly improved kyphosis angle, thoracic pain, and QoL in postmenopausal kyphotic women. The addition of diaphragmatic breathing exercises provided further benefits by increasing diaphragmatic excursion to a greater degree compared with corrective exercises alone.
A cultural‐historical study of how educators create conditions for infant and toddler learning in science
Authors: Fleer Marilyn , March Sue , Suryani Anne 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCalls to bring more equity into science education research (McWayne and Melzi, 2023) are most notable for early childhood. We know very little about the teaching of science to infants and toddlers, yet this is where science education begins. To address the dearth in research, we undertook an in‐depth intervention study in an Australian early childhood center with six educators working with 11 infants and toddlers learning science (1.1–2.0 years; mean 1.6) to identify how educators support science education for infants and toddlers in a play‐based setting over 10 sessions. Specifically, our research question was how do educators create the conditions and interact with infants and toddlers in play‐based setting to support the learning of science. We found a form of co‐operation between educators and infants that centered on educator sensitivity to infants and toddlers noticing the science, educators generating rather than following infant interest, focused thinking spaces, use of scientific language by the educators, planned conceptual progression, and the use of props as placeholders for scientific meaning that acted as pivots and prompts for infants in imaginary situations. We argue that under the conditions of an intervention study where educators planned and taught science to infants, that greater insights into how to teach science to such young children was possible, thereby making available evidence‐informed practice in an under researched area to guide educators working with infants and toddlers.
Ruddlesden–Popper 2D Perovskite‐MoS2 Hybrid Heterojunction Photocathodes for Efficient and Scalable Photo‐Rechargeable Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ansari Rashid M. , Chamola Shubham , Ahmad Shahab 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPhoto‐rechargeable batteries (PRBs) can provide a compact solution to power autonomous smart devices located at remote sites that cannot be connected with the grid. The study reports the Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) metal halide perovskite (MHP) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) hybrid heterojunction‐based photocathodes for Li‐ion photo‐rechargeable battery (Li‐PRB) applications. Hybrid Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have demonstrated an average discharge specific capacity of 144.46 and 129.17 mAhg−1 for 50 cycles when operating at 176 and 294 mAg−1, respectively compared to the pristine LIBs which have shown specific capacity of 37.48 and 25.60 mAhg−1 under similar conditions. Hybrid Li‐PRB has achieved an average dark discharge specific capacities of 128.66 mAhg−1 (capacity retention: 96.56%) which enhanced to 180.67 mAhg−1 under illumination (capacity retention: 97.39%; photo‐enhancement: 40.42%) at 64 mAg−1. Excellent performance of hybrid Li‐PRB is attributed to the formation of type‐II heterojunction that leads to improved crystallinity and film morphology. The PRB has demonstrated a high photo conversion and storage efficiency (PC‐SE) of 0.52% under standard 1 Sun illumination, which outperforms other previously reported MHP based LIBs and PRBs. This work provides a novel approach of harnessing the potential of MHPs for PRBs and offers new avenues for MHP photocathodes for various applications beyond PRBs.
Electrode and Electrolyte Co‐Energy‐Storage Electrochemistry Enables High‐Energy Zn‐S Decoupled Batteries
Authors: He Ze , Hui Yuheng , Yang Yixu , Xiong Fangyu , Li Shidong , Wang Jiajing , Cao Ruyue , Tan Shuangshuang , An Qinyou 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn the search for next‐generation green energy storage solutions, Cu‐S electrochemistry has recently gained attraction from the battery community owing to its affordability and exceptionally high specific capacity of 3350 mAh gs−1. However, the inferior conductivity and substantial volume expansion of the S cathode hinder its cycling stability, while the low output voltage limits its energy density. Herein, a hollow carbon sphere (HCS) is synthesized as a 3D conductive host to achieve a stable S@HCS cathode, which enables an outstanding cycling performance of 2500 cycles (over 9 months). To address the latter, a Zn//S@HCS alkaline‐acid decoupled cell is configured to increase the output voltage from 0.18 to 1.6 V. Moreover, an electrode and electrolyte co‐energy storage mechanism is proposed to offset the reduction in energy density resulting from the extra electrolyte required in Zn//S decoupled cells. When combined, the Zn//S@HCS alkaline‐acid decoupled cell delivers a record energy density of 334 Wh kg−1 based on the mass of the S cathode and CuSO4 electrolyte. This work tackles the key challenges of Cu‐S electrochemistry and brings new insights into the rational design of decoupled batteries.
Multi‐Component Lithiophilic Alloy Film Modified Cu Current Collector for Long‐Life Lithium Metal Batteries by a Novel FCVA Co‐Deposition System
Authors: Zhang Lan , Wu Shuai , Gao Jianshu , Wu Jie , Chen Lin , Wu Jiakun , Cheng Wei , Zhang Xu , Ying Minju , Wang Junfeng , Li Yunliang , Liao Bin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSurface modification of Cu current collectors (CCs) is proven to be an effective method for protecting lithium metal anodes. However, few studies have focused on the quality and efficiency of modification layers. Herein, a novel home‐made filtered cathode vacuum arc (FCVA) co‐deposition system with high modification efficiency, good repeatability and environmental friendliness is proposed to realize the wide range regulation of film composition, structure and performance. Through this system, ZnMgTiAl quaternary alloy films, which have good affinity with Li are successfully constructed on Cu CCs, and the fully enhanced electrochemical performances are achieved. Symmetrical cells constructed with modified CCs maintained a fairly low voltage hysteresis of only 13 mV after 2100 h at a current density of 1 mA cm−2. In addition, the capacity retention rate is as high as 75.0% after 100 cycles in the full cells. The influence of alloy films on the dynamic evolution process of constructing stable artificial solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer is revealed by in situ infrared (IR) spectroscopy. This work provides a promising route for designing various feasible modification films for LMBs, and it displays better industrial application prospects than the traditional chemical methods owing to the remarkable controllability and scale‐up capacity.
Strategy for pattern recognition‐driven optical chemosensing based on polythiophene
Authors: Mohan Binduja , Sasaki Yui , Minami Tsuyoshi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPolythiophenes (PTs) with flexible backbones possess inherent polymer behaviors, including molecular wire effects and dynamic structural changes in π‐conjugated systems. The chemical sensing at the functionalized side chains can manipulate such polymer characteristics, resulting in various optical patterns depending on the analyte structures and their concentrations. The unique optical patterns derived from polymer properties contribute to group categorization over a wide concentration range for pattern recognition. This review aims to provide a concise overview of the potential of PT chemosensor arrays using actual sensing examples in environmental monitoring, medical diagnostics, and food analysis. Furthermore, this review summarizes the methodologies that use polymer gels to realize practical chemosensor array chips for onsite analysis.
The Flow of Investments in the LLM Space
Authors: Maréchal Loïc 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe development of Large Language Models (LLMs) is heavily dependent on the resources available to the teams working on them, and investments play a crucial role in determining the success of these models. The recent trend in media coverage of LLMs focuses on the investment amount raised. Microsoft’s promise to renew and increase its stake in OpenAI with a $10 billion series or Amazon’s recent new stake of $4 billion in Anthropic are examples of the significant investment that can affect the growth of LLMs. The share of funding in the Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) sectors has increased significantly over the last year. Conversely, uncovering a trend in the founding of text analytics is challenging. The post-money valuations in the AI and ML sectors have also increased from virtually inexistent to up to 15% of the total valuations (in the private sector, two types of valuations are generally available: the one done before an investment round, the pre-money valuation, and that done after the post-money valuation. Since the latter incorporates the latest information, it is generally used to compute returns and other metrics on investment rounds). However, this increase is accompanied by significant volatility, likely due to uncertainties regarding investors’ expectations. The log distribution of investment amount in each field shows significant outliers, and the majority of investors and investees are present in the US.
Exploring the Dual Role of LLMs in Cybersecurity: Threats and Defenses
Authors: Bryce Ciarán , Kalousis Alexandros , Leroux Ilan , Madinier Hélène , Pasche Thomas , Ruch Patrick 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLarge Language Models(LLMs) pose risks for cybersecurity since they facilitate minimal cost creation of malware, phishing messages, and malicious chatbots. At the same time, LLMs can help defend against cyberattacks. This chapter reviews security research around the risks and benefits of LLMs.
“ICT for Inclusion” for Educational Leaders: Inclusive and Digital Distributed Leadership
Authors: Mertens Claudia , Schaper Franziska , Kamin Anna-Maria 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn today’s rapidly evolving educational landscape “Information & Communication Technology” (ICT) has gained a pivotal role for inclusion. ICT is transforming the way we teach and learn, but also the way we administer educational institutions. Yet up to now, there are hardly any concepts for inclusive digital leadership in schools – even less so for distributed inclusive digital leadership. As school principals grapple with the complexities of managing their educational institutions in the digital age, the leadership dimensions “design of teaching concepts”, “strategic development of their organization”, “fostering cooperation”, “developing ICT concepts”, and “human resources development” (adapted by Eickelmann & Gerick, 2017 from Holtappels & Rolff, 2010) have become integral components of responsibility. In the era of digital transformation, the effective integration of ICT is essential for fostering inclusion: Heads of schools play a crucial role in leveraging the potential of ICT for inclusion, making it imperative for them to adapt to technological changes. Therefore, the above-mentioned tasks of digital leadership must be strategically combined with the idea of inclusion in a concept of inclusive digital leadership. And these inclusive digital leadership tasks should be shared among multiple stakeholders in the faculty staff in a concept of distributed inclusive digital leadership.
Krylov complexity of density matrix operators
Authors: Caputa Pawel , Jeong Hyun-Sik , Liu Sinong , Pedraza Juan F. , Qu Le-Chen 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Quantifying complexity in quantum systems has witnessed a surge of interest in recent years, with Krylov-based measures such as Krylov complexity (CK) and Spread complexity (CS) gaining prominence. In this study, we investigate their interplay by considering the complexity of states represented by density matrix operators. After setting up the problem, we analyze a handful of analytical and numerical examples spanning generic two-dimensional Hilbert spaces, qubit states, quantum harmonic oscillators, and random matrix theories, uncovering insightful relationships. For generic pure states, our analysis reveals two key findings: (I) a correspondence between moment-generating functions (of Lanczos coefficients) and survival amplitudes, and (II) an early-time equivalence between CK and 2CS. Furthermore, for maximally entangled pure states, we find that the moment-generating function of CK becomes the Spectral Form Factor and, at late-times, CK is simply related to NCS for N ≥ 2 within the N-dimensional Hilbert space. Notably, we confirm that CK = 2CS holds across all times when N = 2. Through the lens of random matrix theories, we also discuss deviations between complexities at intermediate times and highlight subtleties in the averaging approach at the level of the survival amplitude.