bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unraveling complexity: morbidity factors in elderly kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Gineste Alexandra , Malvezzi Paolo , Jouve Thomas , Millet Claire , Rostaing Lionel , Noble Johan 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
The rising prevalence of end-stage renal failure in the elderly has led to an increased number of kidney transplantations in older individuals. While age does not solely determine transplant eligibility, frailty in elderly recipients significantly impacts post-transplant outcomes, particularly within the first year.

Methods
The RETRAITE (REnal TRAnsplantIon ouTcome in Elderly recipients) study, a single-center retrospective cohort study at Grenoble Alpes University Hospital (France), examined kidney transplant recipients aged 70 years and above transplanted between 2015 and 2020. The composite primary endpoint was defined as either of any hospital stay exceeding 40 days, death and/or return to dialysis within the first post-transplant year. The study explored risk factors for recipient and graft survival, rejection, hospitalizations over 40 days, and severe infections during the initial post-transplant year.

Results
Over six years, 149 patients aged 70 years or older received transplants. Eleven patients died, and seven returned to dialysis within the first year, corresponding to a 1-year graft survival rate of 87.9%. At 1 year, 49 patients (33%) met the composite endpoint. There was a significant association between the composite endpoint and curative anticoagulation [odds ratio (OR) 5.20; P &lt; .001], peripheral arteriopathy (OR 3.14; P &lt; .001) and delayed graft function (OR 8.24; P &lt; .001). This cohort then was merged with a cohort of 150 younger kidney transplanted patients and we confirmed these results. Time on dialysis, prolonged cold ischemia and donor age contributed to higher morbidity and mortality. Conversely, preemptive and living donor transplants were associated with lower morbidity and mortality.

Conclusions
In this cohort aged over 70 years, age alone did not statistically correlate with increased morbidity and mortality. Variables related to grafts and donors, especially curative anticoagulation, were linked to poorer outcomes, emphasizing the favorable impact of preemptive and living donor transplants on morbidity and mortality in elderly patients.
Care Need, Caregiver Availability, and Care Receipt: Variations Across Countries and Over Time in Three Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Park Hae Yeun , Phillips Drystan , Wilkens Jenny , Lin Zhiyong , Angrisani Marco , Lee Jinkook 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Dementia is expected to increase more rapidly in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) than in high-income countries (HIC) in the coming decades. Nevertheless, research on dementia care remains limited for LMIC. This study aims to fill this gap by investigating care needs and care receipt in 3 LMIC: China, Mexico, and India.

Methods
Using harmonized data from the Gateway to Global Aging Data in China, Mexico, and India and focusing on individuals aged 65 and older with cognitive impairment (N = 15 118), we estimated the proportions of care needs related to difficulties with activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living, and care receipt. We then used logistic regressions to examine the association between caregiver availability and informal care receipt.

Results
We observed relatively similar patterns in care need measures across countries and over time. In contrast, the association between caregiver availability and informal care receipt showed some cross-country variations. Generally, living with family members was associated with a higher probability of receiving informal care in China and India. However, for Mexico, this association was only evident for men. Additionally, we found that the magnitude of the association between caregiver availability and informal care receipt varied with the care recipient’s gender.

Conclusions
Although living with family members was generally associated with a higher likelihood of receiving informal care in China, Mexico, and India, there are differences in the association between caregiver availability and informal care receipt across countries and over time.
Longitudinal Patterns of Systolic Blood Pressure, Diastolic Blood Pressure, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Their Association With Dementia Risk: The HUNT Study
Authors: Lerfald Maren , Allore Heather , Nilsen Tom I L , Eldholm Rannveig S , Martinez-Velilla Nicolas , Selbæk Geir , Ernstsen Linda 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
High blood pressure and poor cardiorespiratory fitness are independent risk factors for dementia. However, few studies have examined if combined longitudinal patterns of these modifiable risk factors are associated with dementia risk.

Methods
In this prospective cohort study, we used data from the population-based Trøndelag Health (HUNT) Study, Norway. We applied group-based multidimensional trajectory modeling to identify age-specific multidimensional trajectories of SBP, DBP, and estimated cardiorespiratory fitness across 3 surveys (HUNT1, 1984–1986 to HUNT3, 2006–2008). Dementia was diagnosed in the HUNT4 70+ substudy in 2017–2019. We used multivariate logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and risk differences (RDs) of dementia.

Results
In total, 7 594 participants (54.9% women) were included, with a mean age of 44.7 (SD 6.3) years at HUNT1. Dementia was diagnosed in 1 062 (14.0%) participants. We identified 2 multidimensional trajectories throughout adulthood within 3 age groups: one with higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and lower estimated cardiorespiratory fitness (the poorer group), and one with lower SBP and DBP, and higher cardiorespiratory fitness (the better group). After adjustment for sex, apolipoprotein E ε4 status, education, marital status, and diabetes, the better group had consistently lower risk of dementia in all age groups with the lowest OR in the middle-aged group of 0.63 (95% confidence intervals [95% CI]: 0.51, 0.78) with corresponding RD of −0.07 (95% CI: −0.10, −0.04).

Conclusions
Having a beneficial multidimensional trajectory of SBP, DBP, and cardiorespiratory fitness in adulthood was associated with reduced dementia risk. Aiming for optimal SBP, DBP, and estimated cardiorespiratory fitness throughout adulthood may reduce dementia risk.
Detection of the benzodiazepine bromazolam by liquid chromatography with quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry in postmortem toxicology casework and prevalence in Indiana (2023)
Authors: Shanks Kevin G , Kurtz Stuart A.K , Behonick George S 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
For the past 60 years, benzodiazepines such as chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, and alprazolam have been used as pharmaceutical medications for the treatment of myriad conditions including anxiety, seizures, and insomnia. In more recent years, novel benzodiazepine derivatives have emerged as illicit substances in powders and counterfeit tablets on the illicit drug market. In 2016, bromazolam, a brominated derivative of alprazolam, emerged on the illicit drug market in Europe, but the substance was not reported in the USA until 2019–2020. In this study, we report the emergence and subsequent prevalence of bromazolam in postmortem blood in the state of Indiana during 2023. Analysis was completed by a solvent protein precipitation extraction with acetonitrile and detection by liquid chromatography with quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry. During 2023, bromazolam was detected in 94 cases across 25 counties in Indiana. It was never the sole substance detected and was commonly detected alongside fentanyl (83 cases), norfentanyl (77 cases), 4-anilino-N-phenethylpiperidine (76 cases), acetylfentanyl (49 cases), methamphetamine (32 cases), naloxone (25 cases), 11-nor-9-carboxy-tetrahydrocannabinol (24 cases), and benzoylecgonine (20 cases). After official query with the Indiana Department of Health, it was found that bromazolam was specifically included in the cause of death certification in 31 fatalities (32.9%). Due to the scarcity of information regarding this novel benzodiazepine derivative in postmortem toxicology and its involvement in fatalities, it is important that forensic toxicology laboratories consider adding bromazolam to their comprehensive scope of analysis.
Slime mould algorithm with horizontal crossover and adaptive evolutionary strategy: performance design for engineering problems
Authors: Yu Helong , Zhao Zisong , Cai Qi , Heidari Ali Asghar , Xu Xingmei , Chen Huiling 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn optimization, metaheuristic algorithms have received extensive attention and research due to their excellent performance. The slime mould algorithm (SMA) is a newly proposed metaheuristic algorithm. It has the characteristics of fewer parameters and strong optimization ability. However, with the increasing difficulty of optimization problems, SMA has some shortcomings in complex problems. For example, the main concerns are low convergence accuracy and prematurely falling into local optimal solutions. To overcome these problems, this paper has developed a variant of SMA called CCSMA. It is an improved SMA based on horizontal crossover (HC) and covariance matrix adaptive evolutionary strategy (CMAES). First, HC can enhance the exploitation of the algorithm by crossing the information between different individuals to promote communication within the population. Finally, CMAES facilitates algorithm exploration and exploitation to reach a balanced state by dynamically adjusting the size of the search range. This benefits the algorithm by allowing it to go beyond the local space to explore other solutions with better quality. To verify the superiority of the proposed algorithm, we select some new original and improved algorithms as competitors. CCSMA is compared with these competitors in 40 benchmark functions of IEEE CEC2017 and CEC2020. The results demonstrate that our work outperforms the competitors in terms of optimization accuracy and jumping out of the local space. In addition, CCSMA is applied to tackle three typical engineering optimization problems. These three problems include multiple disk clutch brake design, pressure vessel design, and speed reducer design. The results showed that CCSMA achieved the lowest optimization cost. This also proves that it is an effective tool for solving realistic optimization problems.
John Archibald Wheeler: Everything from Nothing
Authors: Wright Aaron Sidney 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A close analysis of John Archibald Wheeler’s research notebooks reveals the inner-workings of perhaps the most influential “relativist” of the late twentieth century. This chapter argues that Wheeler’s epistemological “radical conservatism” drove his ontological development, from an initial focus on black holes and vacuum solutions to increasingly abstract mathematical structures. His conservatism led him to unify quantum theory with gravitation using the simplest possible physical constituent—the vacuum. Wheeler developed a radical monism, with the vacuum as a “magic building material” out of which all the rest of reality could be built. As this view was challenged and developed, Wheeler’s vision became more and more mathematically abstract. Far from his initial engagement with observational cosmology and experiments in the 1940s and 50s, by the 1970s Wheeler saw reality rooted in quantum fluctuations in “superspace” (not spacetime, but the mathematical space of all spacetimes), or even the calculus of logical propositions.
Sidney Coleman’s False Vacuum
Authors: Wright Aaron Sidney 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Beginning in the late 1960s, Sidney Coleman set a standard for developing new insights in theoretical particle physics. This chapter draws out the role of literary narrative in Coleman’s physics. Throughout his career, he was an active Science Fiction fan, publisher, and reviewer. Coleman’s narratives demonstrate the continuity between literary, scientific, and mathematical modes of thought. The vacuum was a major protagonist of Coleman’s work; it determined the symmetries of other entities, it broke symmetries, and it appeared in “true” and “false” guises. The “false vacuum” was a harbinger of apocalypse; in tone, it fit with its contemporary, late-1970s SF stories about ecocatastrophes. Yet it proved immensely productive for physicists and cosmologists who adopted Coleman’s work in the new “inflationary” cosmology.
The Influence of Culture on Psychological Hope
Authors: Edwards Lisa M. , McConnell Kat R. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Almost three decades of research now exist about C. R. Snyder’s psychological theory of hope. Based on a primarily cognitive conceptualization, hope is considered a motivational construct related to goal-setting. Individuals with high hope are more likely to identify goals, effectively navigate around obstacles, and maintain the mental energy to work toward goals. The positive associations of hope can be seen in psychological, physical, academic, and athletic domains of life for youth and adults. Researchers have suggested that hope be viewed through a cultural context lens, and data exists to show that hope is similarly conceptualized in some populations, but not others. The current chapter will provide a summary of hope theory, research, and measurement among individuals from diverse ethnic and cultural backgrounds.
“English Opens All the Doors in the World”
Authors: Piller Ingrid , Butorac Donna , Farrell Emily , Lising Loy , Motaghi-Tabari Shiva , Tetteh Vera Williams 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores participants’ pre-migration English-language learning experiences. Although most had learned some English prior to arrival, their initial encounters with the new language came as a shock. Initially they had difficulty understanding others or making themselves understood. The chapter explores the experiences of two different cohorts of learners: those who brought tested English, and those who brought street English. The former had high levels of formal education and had studied English as a foreign language. For them, English was primarily a school subject and they struggled with the fact that their proficiency had not included development of communicative competence in everyday interactions. The other cohort had encountered English mainly informally and brought high levels of multilingual communicative competence, mostly from Africa. Yet, they found their English devalued by their low levels of literacy, limited formal education, and the transition from a multilingual to a monolingual context.
“I Have Many Faces”
Authors: Piller Ingrid , Butorac Donna , Farrell Emily , Lising Loy , Motaghi-Tabari Shiva , Tetteh Vera Williams 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores participants’ experiences with creating home and making selves in their new context. Migration constitutes a rupture of home and the self as the daily routines, habits, and practices that make up identity are subject to a complete transformation. The chapter begins by examining how participants form new emotional attachments before moving on to the crafting of new selves following the loss of old selves. These processes were experienced as simultaneously destructive and liberating. Participants’ sense of multiple, complex, and even contradictory selves shifts over time. The chapter ends with a focus on inclusive spaces, particularly churches, but also other forms of service and community building, that could restore participants’ ruptured sense of belonging.
Rethinking Language and Migration
Authors: Piller Ingrid , Butorac Donna , Farrell Emily , Lising Loy , Motaghi-Tabari Shiva , Tetteh Vera Williams 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter shifts perspective away from migrants’ language learning and settlement experiences to implications of our research for receiving societies. These include the need to let go of the pervasive deficit perspective on migrants. Regarding employment, there are practical implications for improved migrant labor-market integration through early arrival support. Additionally, there are broader implications for better aligning struggles for decent work and migrant justice. Another implication relates to a much-needed life-cycle perspective on migrant language learning and settlement. Finally, migrant language learning needs to be complemented and supported by language services and society-wide inclusive communication strategies. The chapter also makes a case for data sharing and data reuse in qualitative and ethnographic research in the humanities and social sciences.
A Permanent Body of Barnacles
Authors: Hempstead Katherine 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The insurance industry described its purpose as quasi-public and something that transcended commerce. Existing firms sought regulation to provide credentials and create barriers to new companies. As state regulation ramped up, insurers sought federal regulation but lost an important Supreme Court case where the court found that insurance was not commerce. As a second-best solution insurers encouraged the establishment of a national organization of state regulators. This organization, initially called the National Insurance Convention, met for the first time in New York City in 1871 and discussed ways to standardize regulation. The influence of the insurance industry was evident. Sectional conflicts between states limited progress on important issues. Southern and western states resented New York’s economic dominance and wanted to promote the development of their own insurance companies. While there were some ethical public servants engaged in early state insurance regulation, corruption was a pervasive problem.
The Life Insurance Moment
Authors: Hempstead Katherine 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In the early twentieth century, the reform impulse reflected in the Armstrong investigation rippled throughout the United States. Influenced by examples of social insurance in Europe, some states implemented ambitious reforms, including the establishment of state-run insurance. Other states used this moment to act on populist and sectional impulses, enacting protectionist measures that favored local industry. Under the War Risk Insurance Act, the federal government provided low-cost life insurance to soldiers in World War I, a move that challenged private industry and demonstrated the potential for government involvement in insurance on a far greater scale. Assessment and fraternal insurance began to decline under the weight of actuarial requirements and competition from emergent group insurance. The postwar collapse of Progressive reform sentiment contributed to the passing of the life insurance moment by the 1920s, although individual and group life insurance itself continued to grow exponentially throughout the twentieth century.
Little Fires Everywhere
Authors: Hempstead Katherine 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In the early decades of the twentieth century fire insurance rates remained an important pain point for consumers. While some states persisted in rate-setting and antitrust activities, insurers convinced regulators in New York that they need to share information to price accurately, and a system of supervised rate setting was established. The practice spread to other states. As regulators became more accountable to the public for the cost of insurance, their interdependency with the industry grew. Under this sanctioned collusion, the power of the insurance industry increased, and powerful regional rating organizations became entrenched. Crop hail insurance developed as a sideline, with some states providing insurance directly. The coming of World War I brought new business opportunities but also created anxiety over the growing role of the federal government. Insurers and state regulators embraced an “Americanism” that emphasized the noninvolvement of government with business.
Introduction
Authors: Clifford Damian 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The adoption of data protection laws is often seen as a regulatory solution to the risks posed by intensive data processing. Providing individuals with more ‘control’ over their personal data empowers them to manage these risks. However, there is also significant criticism of data protection law’s capacity to empower and the utility of the instrumental role of control. The analysis in this introduction aims to (1) highlight the importance of a more accurate understanding of the role of emotion in decision-making in the analysis and reform of these laws by introducing insights from ‘law and emotion’ scholarship, but also (2) demonstrate the conceptual value of the notion of control as manifested instrumentally through control rights and, thus, the ongoing significance of data protection law despite the criticisms. This chapter introduces this debate and therefore, the key themes of this book.
Conclusion
Authors: Clifford Damian 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Data protection law arguably fails to account for emotion in the moves towards individual empowerment by not recognizing that different types of data evoke different emotional responses that are context-dependent and that emotion plays a role in all decision-making. A ‘law and emotion’ analysis of data protection law allows for a clearer expression of the potential conceptual value of control and an appreciation of the need for these underlying values to be further researched. The control-rights-orientated approach and the potential conceptual value of control aim to safeguard the subjective interests of data subjects. In this chapter, I conclude the analysis by finding that we create data protection laws to protect our capacity to safeguard our subjective interests for a reason. Objectifying the law further may arguably create more problems than any changes to the legislative approach adopted might be able resolve.
Personalist Regimes
Authors: Baturo Alexander 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Chapter 2 places the study of personalism and personalist regimes in theoretical context, synthetizing contemporary accounts on personalism with earlier literature centred on patrimonialism. Because all dictators have personal power, personalism, if understood in terms of the concentration of the power wielded by the ruler, is a dimension of politics present in all types of dictatorships. However, while necessary, a high degree of personal power is not a sufficient condition for defining what a personalist regime is. What makes personalist regimes stand out from other dictatorships is their personalism and their patrimonialism, the latter being an older and multifaceted concept primarily centred on clientelism, weak institutions, executive corruption, and the transformation of the state into the leader’s personal patrimony, amongst others. Because personalism and patrimonialism are hard to differentiate when they take an extreme form under so-called sultanism, this chapter further proposes to distinguish between seven important attributes that are often associated with personalist rule.
Personalist Regimes in Historical Context
Authors: Lindstaedt Natasha 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter re-examines three paradigmatic personalist regimes from the Cold War era: specifically, the Somoza regime in Nicaragua, the Duvalier regime in Haiti, and the Marcos regime in the Philippines. All three were previously discussed by Chehabi and Linz (1998) in Sultanistic Regimes; this chapter, however, aims to highlight their similarities and differences with contemporary personalist regimes. While constitutional hypocrisy, grand corruption, dynasticism, and informal governance appear to underpin new and old personalist regimes alike, personal rulers of today have to pay more lip service to democratic procedures, however hollow; they are less committed to particular ideology; and fewer leaders attempt to build personality cults.