bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Bose‐Einstein condensate in a 𝒫𝒯 symmetric double well
Authors: Dast D. , Haag D. , Cartarius H. , Wunner G. , Eichler R. , Main J. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe existence of 𝒫𝒯 symmetric wave functions describing Bose‐Einstein condensates in a one‐dimensional and a fully three‐dimensional double‐well setup is investigated theoretically. When particles are removed from one well and coherently injected into the other the external potential is 𝒫𝒯 symmetric. We solve the underlying Gross‐Pitaevskii equation by way of the time‐dependent variational principle (TDVP) and show that the 𝒫𝒯 symmetry of the external potential is preserved by both the wave functions and the nonlinear Hamiltonian as long as eigenstates with real eigenvalues are obtained. 𝒫𝒯 broken solutions of the time‐independent Gross‐Pitaevskii equation are also found but have no physical relevance. To prove the applicability of the TDVP we compare its results with numerically exact solutions in the one‐dimensional case. The linear stability analysis and the temporal evolution of condensate wave functions demonstrate that the 𝒫𝒯 symmetric condensates are stable and should be observable in an experiment.
Effect of defects on the luminescence in semipolar InGaN/GaN quantum wells on planar and patterned m‐plane sapphire substrate
Authors: Lee Seunga , Jang Jongjin , Lee Kwan‐Hyun , Hwang Jung‐Hwan , Jeong Joocheol , Nam Okhyun 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe correlation between luminescence and defects was investigated by the structural and optical analyses of semipolar InGaN/GaN quantum wells (QWs) grown on a planar m‐plane sapphire substrate and patterned m‐plane sapphire substrate using metal organic chemical vapor deposition. Scanning electron microscopy images indicated that the semipolar InGaN/GaN QWs grown on the planar substrate had high density of small arrowhead‐like features on the surface, while those grown on the patterned sapphire substrate (PSS) had low density of large arrowhead‐like features. Moreover, for the PSS sample, low defect regions were formed by periodically aligned patterns that reduced defect density, as verified by transmission electron microscopy. The monochromatic cathodoluminescence images revealed that the luminescence of the planar sample was affected by the arrowhead‐like features and high internal defect density, whereas that of the PSS sample was more influenced by the regions with reduced defects, as indicated by bright spotty features. Furthermore, the microphotoluminescence mapping images showed increased In incorporation where the arrowhead‐like features were present. In particular, for the PSS sample, the wavelength of the luminescence from the reduced defect region was approximately 5 nm shorter than that from the region with a high density of internal defects. This result suggests that In incorporation was also increased in the high defect region.
Artificial Metalloenzymes as Catalysts in Stereoselective Diels–Alder Reactions
Authors: Reetz Manfred T. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractNumerous enzymes are useful catalysts in synthetic organic chemistry, but they cannot catalyze the myriad transition‐metal‐mediated transformations customary in daily chemical work. For this reason the concept of directed evolution of hybrid catalysts was proposed some time ago. A synthetic ligand/transition‐metal moiety is anchored covalently or non‐covalently to a host protein, thereby generating a single artificial metalloenzyme which can then be optimized by molecular biological methods. In the quest to construct an appropriate experimental platform for asymmetric Diels–Alder reactions amenable to this Darwinian approach to catalysis, specifically those not currently possible using traditional chiral transition‐metal catalysts, two strategies have been developed which are reviewed here. One concerns the supramolecular anchoring of a Cu(II)‐phthalocyanine complex to serum albumins; the other is based on the design of a Cu(II)‐specific binding site in a thermostable protein host (tHisF), leading to 46–98%eein a model Diels–Alder reaction. This sets the stage for genetic fine‐tuning using the methods of directed evolution.DOI 10.1002/tcr.201100043
Radiomarking brood‐rearing mallard females: Implications for juvenile survival
Authors: Bloom Pauline M. , Howerter David W. , Devries James H. , Armstrong Llwellyn M. , Clark Robert G. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractRadiotelemetry is frequently used to measure habitat use, movements, and survival in birds; presumably, outfitting adult females with radiotransmitters does not influence juvenile survival, but this critical assumption is rarely tested. We evaluated whether the timing or type of transmitter deployed on adult female mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) reduced duckling survival estimates in the Canadian Prairie Pothole Region, 1993–1995. The best‐approximating model suggests that, compared with 2 other trap–transmitter combinations, ducklings raised by mallard females trapped prior to nest initiation and outfitted with anchor–suture transmitters had poor survival. The 30‐day survival rate of ducklings raised by female mallards equipped with anchor–suture transmitters prior to nest initiation was lower than survival of ducklings attended by females equipped prior to nest initiation with abdominally implanted transmitters or females marked during late incubation with anchor–suture transmitters. Studies of reproductive success deploying anchor–suture transmitters on female waterfowl trapped prior to nest initiation may have biased results because of possible negative consequences to offspring survival. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Using a Training‐of‐Trainers Approach and Proactive Technical Assistance to Bring Evidence Based Programs to Scale: An Operationalization of the Interactive Systems Framework's Support System
Authors: Ray Marilyn L. , Wilson Mary Martha , Wandersman Abraham , Meyers Duncan C. , Katz Jason 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBringing evidence based programs to scale was a major initial impetus for the development of the Interactive Systems Framework for Dissemination and Implementation (ISF). The ISF demonstrates the importance of the Support System in facilitating the uptake of innovations in the community (the Delivery System). Two strategies that members of the Support System commonly use are training‐of‐trainers (TOT) models and technical assistance (TA). In this article, we focus on the role of the Support System in bringing evidence‐based programs (EBPs) to scale in the Delivery System using a case example, with special attention on two strategies employed by Support Systems—training‐of‐trainers (TOT) and proactive technical assistance. We then report on findings from a case example from the Promoting Science Based Approaches to Teen Pregnancy Prevention project that furthers our conceptualization of these strategies and the evidence base for them. We also report on the limitations in the literature regarding research on TOTs and proactive TA and provide suggestions for future research on TOTs and proactive TA that will enhance the science and practice of support in the ISF.Special Issue: Advances in Bridging Research and Practice Using the Interactive System Framework for Dissemination and Implementation; Guest Editors: Abraham Wandersman, Paul Flaspohler, Catherine A. Lesesne, Richard Puddy; Action Editor: Emilie Phillips Smith
Differenzielles Lehren und Lernen: eine Kritik
Authors: Künzell Stefan , Hossner Ernst-Joachim 
Published: June 2012

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag beschäftigt sich kritisch mit dem von Wolfgang Schöllhorn seit 1999 propagierten Ansatz des differenziellen Lehrens und Lernens. Nach einer Einordnung in die historische bewegungswissenschaftliche Debatte um den Informationsverarbeitungsansatz und die dynamische Systemtheorie zeigen wir, dass die von Schöllhorn behaupteten Praxiskonsequenzen theoretisch nicht fundiert sind, dass die Abgrenzung zu konkurrierenden Lerntheorien lücken- und fehlerhaft ausfällt, dass die präsentierte empirische Befundlage auf höchst wackeligen Füßen steht und dass der Ansatz sich auch aus Praxissicht als nicht tragfähig erweist. Mit Blick auf fatale Konsequenzen sowohl für die Sportpraxis als auch für die Sportwissenschaft empfehlen wir, in zukünftigen Publikationen zum differenziellen Lernen auf fehlerhafte und theoretisch wie empirisch unbegründete Praxisempfehlungen zu verzichten.
OSL chronology and possible forcing mechanisms of dune evolution in the Horqin dunefield in northern China since the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Yang LinHai , Wang Tao , Zhou Jie , Lai ZhongPing , Long Hao 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe evolution processes and forcing mechanisms of the Horqin dunefield in northern China are poorly understood. In this study, systematic OSL dating of multiple sites is used together with pollen analysis of a representative section in order to reconstruct the evolution of the dunefield since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Our results show that there was extensive dune mobilization 25–10 ka, transition to stabilization 10–8 ka, considerable dune stabilization 8–3 ka, and multiple episodes of stabilization and mobilization after 3 ka. Comparison of dune evolution of the dunefields in northern China during the Holocene showed that Asian monsoon and resultant effective moisture have played an important role in the evolution of dunefields at the millennial time scale. Further analysis indicated that the dune evolution in the Horqin dunefield before 3 ka was synchronous with climatic changes. However, increasing human activity has impacted dune evolution during the last 3 ka.
Holocene hydro-climatic change and effects on carbon accumulation inferred from a peat bog in the Attawapiskat River watershed, Hudson Bay Lowlands, Canada
Authors: Bunbury Joan , Finkelstein Sarah A. , Bollmann Jörg 
Published: June 2012

AbstractMultiple proxies from a 319-cm peat core collected from the Hudson Bay Lowlands, northern Ontario, Canada were analyzed to determine how carbon accumulation has varied as a function of paleohydrology and paleoclimate. Testate amoeba assemblages, analysis of peat composition and humification, and a pollen record from a nearby lake suggest that isostatic rebound and climate may have influenced peatland growth and carbon dynamics over the past 6700 cal yr BP. Long-term apparent rates of carbon accumulation ranged between 8.1 and 36.7 g C m− 2 yr− 1 (average = 18.9 g C m− 2 yr− 1). The highest carbon accumulation estimates were recorded prior to 5400 cal yr BP when a fen existed at this site, however following the fen-to-bog transition carbon accumulation stabilized. Carbon accumulation remained relatively constant through the Neoglacial period after 2400 cal yr BP when pollen-based paleoclimate reconstructions from a nearby lake (McAndrews et al., 1982) and reconstructions of the depth to the water table derived from testate amoeba data suggest a wetter climate. More carbon accumulated per unit time between 1000 and 600 cal yr BP, coinciding in part with the Medieval Climate Anomaly.
Speed of facial affect intensity recognition as an endophenotype of first-episode psychosis and associated limbic-cortical grey matter systems
Authors: Dean A. M. , Goodby E. , Ooi C. , Nathan P. J. , Lennox B. R. , Scoriels L. , Shabbir S. , Suckling J. , Jones P. B. , Bullmore E. T. , Barnes A. 
Published: June 2012

BackgroundPsychotic disorders are highly heritable such that the unaffected relatives of patients may manifest characteristics, or endophenotypes, that are more closely related to risk genes than the overt clinical condition. Facial affect processing is dependent on a distributed cortico-limbic network that is disrupted in psychosis. This study assessed facial affect processing and related brain structure as a candidate endophenotype of first-episode psychosis (FEP).MethodThree samples comprising 30 FEP patients, 30 of their first-degree relatives and 31 unrelated healthy controls underwent assessment of facial affect processing and structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) data. Multivariate analysis (partial least squares, PLS) was used to identify a grey matter (GM) system in which anatomical variation was associated with variation in facial affect processing speed.ResultsThe groups did not differ in their accuracy of facial affect intensity rating but differed significantly in speed of response, with controls responding faster than relatives, who responded faster than patients. Within the control group, variation in speed of affect processing was significantly associated with variation of GM density in amygdala, lateral temporal cortex, frontal cortex and cerebellum. However, this association between cortico-limbic GM density and speed of facial affect processing was absent in patients and their relatives.ConclusionsSpeed of facial affect processing presents as a candidate endophenotype of FEP. The normal association between speed of facial affect processing and cortico-limbic GM variation was disrupted in FEP patients and their relatives.
XXI.—On some Ancient Modes of Trial, especially those in which Appeal was made to the Divine Judgment through the Ordeals of Water, Fire, and other Judicia Dei. By William Sidney Gibson, Esq. F.S.A., Barrister-at-Law
Authors: Gibson William Sidney 
Published: June 2012

It will be readily admitted that few objects of archæological research are better deserving of our attention than those which illustrate the jurisprudential system of our ancestors, and the history of our venerable laws.A most extraordinary feature of the judicial code of ancient times was the practice of the Ordeal Trials, in which the solemnities of religion were united with the administration of secular justice, and a mode of divination resorted to for the discovery of hidden truth; and since those modes of trial were for many ages a part of English law and usage in the trial of criminal causes, though now (perhaps happily) they are matter of history alone, the author proposes in the present discourse to put together as concisely as he can the information and examples he has collected in elucidation of the origin and practice of the Ordeal Trials, and to invite references to any judicial records which may further illustrate the subject.
XXIV. Account of an ancient carved figure of St. George, preserved in the Museum at Dijon; in a Letter from Thomas Willement, Esq. F.S.A. to Sir Henry Ellis, K.H., F.R.S. Secretary
Authors: Willement Thomas 
Published: June 2012

My friend Mr. Ambrose Poynter having entrusted to my care a statue of St. George, which may, I think, in many points be considered extremely curious, I beg to forward it, with his permission, for the inspection of the Society of Antiquaries.Mr. Poynter writes to me, that ‘the accompanying figure of St. George, is cast from the original, carved in wood and emblazoned, and forming part of an altar-piece now in the museum at Dijon. This altar-piece is the work of Jacques de Baertz, carver of images (tailleur d'images) to Philippe le Hardi, Duke of Burgundy, who presented this work, and another of the same sort, to the Chartreuse of Dijon in 1391. There are several figures of saints in these compositions; but this of St. George is undoubtedly the most valuable, as giving an exact representation of the knightly costume at the end of the fourteenth century.’
Inhibition of the PI3 kinase cascade in corticolimbic circuit: temporal and differential effects on contextual fear and extinction
Authors: Kritman Milly , Maroun Mouna 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe studied the role of PI3K cascade in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and the infralimbic region of the medial prefrontal cortex (IL-mPFC), in contextual fear learning and extinction in the rat. To that end, we micro-infused the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PIK3) inhibitor LY294002 into either the mPFC or the BLA. Infusion of LY294002 into the BLA following fear conditioning was associated with enhanced freezing levels and impaired extinction in the subsequent sessions. Similarly, inhibition of PI3K in the BLA before the retrieval of fear memory was associated with impaired retrieval of the fear memory, which was expressed as reduced freezing levels that persisted over 2 d. In the IL-mPFC, only consolidation of fear extinction was impaired: micro-infusion of PI3K inhibitor following the retrieval of fear was associated with impaired extinction on the following days. These results indicate differences in the temporal parameters of the effects of PI3K inhibition in the IL-mPFC and in the BLA, which suggest differential involvement of these structures in long-term fear and in extinction of fear memory. Our findings provide additional evidence for the critical roles played by PI3K in intact formation of fear memory and in its extinction and add new evidence for a role of PI3K in consolidation of memory of extinction. Better understanding of the differential involvement of the PI3K cascade during acquisition and extinction of fear conditioning in the mPFC-amygdala circuit could potentially contribute to the understanding and treatment of anxiety disorders.
Adsorption of amino acids and nucleic acid bases onto minerals: a few suggestions for prebiotic chemistry experiments
Authors: Zaia Dimas A.M. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAmino acids and nucleic acid bases are very important for the living organisms. Thus, their protection from decomposition, selection, pre-concentration and formation of biopolymers are important issues for understanding the origin of life on the Earth. Minerals could have played all of these roles. This paper discusses several aspects involving the adsorption of amino acids and nucleic acid bases onto minerals under conditions that could have been found on the prebiotic Earth; in particular, we recommend the use of minerals, amino acids, nucleic acid bases and seawater ions in prebiotic chemistry experiments. Several experiments involving amino acids, nucleic acid bases, minerals and seawater ions are also suggested, including: (a) using well-characterized minerals and the standardization of the mineral synthesis methods; (b) using primary chondrite minerals (olivine, pyroxene, etc.) and clays modified with metals (Cu, Fe, Ni, Mo, Zn, etc.); (c) determination of the possible products of decomposition due to interactions of amino acids and nucleic acid bases with minerals; (d) using minerals with more organophilic characteristics; (e) using seawaters with different concentrations of ions (i.e. Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42− and Cl−); (f) using non-protein amino acids (AIB, α-ABA, β-ABA, γ-ABA and β-Ala and g) using nucleic acid bases other than adenine, thymine, uracil and cytosine. These experiments could be useful to clarify the role played by minerals in the origin of life on the Earth.
Raman spectroscopy and the search for life signatures in the ExoMars Mission
Authors: Edwards Howell G.M. , Hutchinson Ian B. , Ingley Richard 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe survival strategies of extremophilic organisms in terrestrially stressed locations and habitats are critically dependent on the production of protective chemicals in response to desiccation, low wavelength radiation insolation, temperature and the availability of nutrients. The adaptation of life to these harsh prevailing conditions involves the control of the substratal geology; the interaction between the rock and the organisms is critical and the biological modification of the geological matrix plays a very significant role in the overall survival strategy. Identification of these biological and biogeological chemical molecular signatures in the geological record is necessary for the recognition of the presence of extinct or extant life in terrestrial and extraterrestrial scenarios. Raman spectroscopic techniques have been identified as valuable instrumentation for the detection of life extra-terrestrially because of the use of non-invasive laser-based excitation of organic and inorganic molecules, and molecular ions with high discrimination characteristics; the interactions effected between biological organisms and their environments are detectable through the molecular entities produced at the interfaces, for which the vibrational spectroscopic band signatures are unique. A very important attribute of Raman spectroscopy is the acquisition of molecular experimental data non-destructively without the need for chemical or mechanical pre-treatment of the specimen; this has been a major factor in the proposal for the adoption of Raman instrumentation on robotic landers and rovers for planetary exploration, particularly for the forthcoming European Space Agency (ESA)/National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) ExoMars mission. In this paper, the merits of using Raman spectroscopy for the recognition of key molecular biosignatures from several terrestrial extremophile specimens will be illustrated. The data and specimens used in this presentation have been acquired from Arctic and Antarctic cold deserts and a meteorite crater, from which it will be possible to assess spectral data relevant for the detection of extra-terrestrial extremophilic life signatures.
Assessing global marine fishery status with a revised dynamic catch-based method and stock-assessment reference points
Authors: Anderson Sean C. , Branch Trevor A. , Ricard Daniel , Lotze Heike K. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Anderson, S. C., Branch, T. A., Ricard, D., and Lotze, H. K. 2012. Assessing global marine fishery status with a revised dynamic catch-based method and stock-assessment reference points. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: . The assessment of fishery status is essential for management, yet fishery-independent estimates of abundance are lacking for most fisheries. Methods exist to infer fishery status from catches, but the most commonly used method is biased towards classifying fisheries as overexploited or collapsed through time and does not account for still-developing fisheries. We introduce a revised method that overcomes these deficiencies by smoothing catch series iteratively, declaring fisheries developing within three years of peak catch, and calibrating thresholds to biological reference points. Compared with status obtained from stock-assessment reference points for 210 stocks, our approach provides a more realistic assessment than the original method, but cannot be perfect because catches are influenced by factors other than biomass. Applied to FAO catches, our method suggests in 2006 32% of global fisheries were developing, 27% fully exploited, 25% overexploited, and 16% collapsed or closed. Although less dire than previous assessments, this still indicates substantial numbers of overexploited stocks. Probably because median exploitation rate decreased since 1992, our catch-based results do not reflect recent stabilization of assessed-stock biomass. Whether this outlook also applies to unassessed stocks can only be revealed with increased or more representative collection of biomass- and exploitation-rate trends.