bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of image‐based concept mapping on the learning outcomes and cognitive processes of mobile learners
Authors: Yen Jung‐Chuan , Lee Chun‐Yi , Chen I‐Jung 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different teaching strategies (text‐based concept mapping vs. image‐based concept mapping) on the learning outcomes and cognitive processes of mobile learners. Eighty‐six college freshmen enrolled in the “Local Area Network Planning and Implementation” course taught by the first author participated in the research. This study randomly selected one class as the experimental group and the other as the control group. Students in the experimental group used image‐based concept mapping to finish assigned tasks and those in the control group used text‐based concept mapping to complete the same tasks. Quantitative analysis combined with qualitative analysis was used to examine the learning outcomes and cognitive levels of the students, as defined by the revised Bloom's taxonomy. The results showed that (1) there was no significant difference in students' learning achievements, (2) the group using image‐based concept mapping showed higher level than the text‐based group in the dimension of understanding and creating and (3) the image‐based concept mapping strategy was more complete and diverse than the text‐based concept mapping strategy.Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic
Concept mapping is one of the famous chart‐based learning strategies to enable formalization and analysis of the process of learning in science education.
The dual coding predicts that if pupils are offered the same conceptual material in a concept map format, versus a more normal, non‐graphic format, the concept mapping approach would lead to better memorization of the material.
Many concept mapping studies indicated that students who study from concept maps have better learning performance in comparison to students who study isomorphic text representations.
What this paper adds
This study attempts to use image‐based concept mapping as a novel mobile learning teaching strategy to conquer the problems of fragmented and scattered knowledge structures in e‐learners.
This study investigated the effects of different teaching strategies (text‐based concept mapping vs. image‐based concept mapping) on the learning outcomes of mobile learners.
This study was examined the effects of different teaching strategies (text‐based concept mapping vs. image‐based concept mapping) on the cognitive processes of mobile learners.
Implications for practice and/or policy
Students in the group using image‐based concept mapping performed better than the group using text‐based concept mapping on the cognitive level of understanding and creating.
Learners in the group using image‐based concept mapping exhibited more complete and diverse map structures than those in the group using text‐based concept mapping.
The teaching strategy of image‐based concept mapping could potentially assist students in learning meaningfully in the context of mobile learning
Life satisfaction among rural Chinese grandparents: the roles of intergenerational family relationship and support exchange with grandchildren
Authors: Xu Ling , Chi Iris 
Published: April 2011

Xu L, Chi I. Life satisfaction among rural Chinese grandparents: the roles of intergenerational family relationship and support exchange with grandchildrenInt J Soc Welfare 2011: 20: S148–S159 © 2011 The Author(s), International Journal of Social Welfare © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and the International Journal of Social Welfare.In this study, we examined how the life satisfaction of rural Chinese grandparents is affected by their intergenerational family relationship and support exchange with grandchildren. The study sample consisted of 9,704 grandparents aged 60 and older from the 2000 “Sample Survey on Aged Population in Urban/Rural China.” Demographic variables, including health variables, support exchange with children, intergenerational family relationship, and support exchange with grandchildren, were entered hierarchically into four regression models to examine the effects of these variables on grandparents' life satisfaction. Results showed that rural grandparents who perceive their children as filial or their family as harmonious, or who receive instrumental support as well as less monetary support from their grandchildren, are more likely to have higher levels of life satisfaction. In addition, rural grandparents who are older, experience lower levels of financial strain, have better health, provide instrumental support to children, and receive greater monetary support from their children, are more likely to report higher levels of life satisfaction.
Dopamine release from serotonergic nerve fibers is reduced in L‐DOPA‐induced dyskinesia
Authors: Nevalainen Nina , af Bjerkén Sara , Lundblad Martin , Gerhardt Greg A. , Strömberg Ingrid 
Published: April 2011

J. Neurochem. (2011) 10.1111/j.1471‐4159.2011.07292.xAbstract l‐DOPA is the most commonly used treatment for symptomatic control in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Unfortunately, most patients develop severe side‐effects, such as dyskinesia, upon chronic l‐DOPA treatment. The patophysiology of dyskinesia is unclear; however, involvement of serotonergic nerve fibers in converting l‐DOPA to dopamine has been suggested. Therefore, potassium‐evoked dopamine release was studied after local application of l‐DOPA in the striata of normal, dopamine‐ and dopamine/serotonin‐lesioned l‐DOPA naïve, and dopamine‐denervated chronically l‐DOPA‐treated dyskinetic rats using in vivo chronoamperometry. The results revealed that local l‐DOPA administration into normal and intact hemisphere of dopamine‐lesioned l‐DOPA naïve animals significantly increased the potassium‐evoked dopamine release. l‐DOPA application also increased the dopamine peak amplitude in the dopamine‐depleted l‐DOPA naïve striatum, although these dopamine levels were several‐folds lower than in the normal striatum, whereas no increased dopamine release was found in the dopamine/serotonin‐denervated striatum. In dyskinetic animals, local l‐DOPA application did not affect the dopamine release, resulting in significantly attenuated dopamine levels compared with those measured in l‐DOPA naïve dopamine‐denervated striatum. To conclude, l‐DOPA is most likely converted to dopamine in serotonergic nerve fibers in the dopamine‐depleted striatum, but the dopamine release is several‐fold lower than in normal striatum. Furthermore, l‐DOPA loading does not increase the dopamine release in dyskinetic animals as found in l‐DOPA naïve animals, despite similar density of serotonergic innervation. Thus, the dopamine overflow produced from the serotonergic nerve fibers appears not to be the major cause of dyskinetic behavior.
Microdialysis and mass spectrometric monitoring of dopamine and enkephalins in the globus pallidus reveal reciprocal interactions that regulate movement
Authors: Mabrouk Omar S. , Li Qiang , Song Peng , Kennedy Robert T. 
Published: April 2011

J. Neurochem. (2011) 10.1111/j.1471‐4159.2011.07293.xAbstractPallidal dopamine, GABA and the endogenous opioid peptides enkephalins have independently been shown to be important controllers of sensorimotor processes. Using in vivo microdialysis coupled to liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and a behavioral assay, we explored the interaction between these three neurotransmitters in the rat globus pallidus. Amphetamine (3 mg/kg i.p.) evoked an increase in dopamine, GABA and methionine/leucine enkephalin. Local perfusion of the dopamine D1 receptor antagonist SCH 23390 (100 μM) fully prevented amphetamine stimulated enkephalin and GABA release in the globus pallidus and greatly suppressed hyperlocomotion. In contrast, the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist raclopride (100 μM) had only minimal effects suggesting a greater role for pallidal D1 over D2 receptors in the regulation of movement. Under basal conditions, opioid receptor blockade by naloxone perfusion (10 μM) in the globus pallidus stimulated GABA and inhibited dopamine release. Amphetamine‐stimulated dopamine release and locomotor activation were attenuated by naloxone perfusion with no effect on GABA. These findings demonstrate a functional relationship between pallidal dopamine, GABA and enkephalin systems in the control of locomotor behavior under basal and stimulated conditions. Moreover, these findings demonstrate the usefulness of liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry as an analytical tool when coupled to in vivo microdialysis.
Improved safety for young whole blood donors with new selection criteria for total estimated blood volume
Authors: Eder Anne F. , Dy Beth A. , Kennedy Jean M. , Perez Jaime , Demaris Patricia , Procaccio Anthony , Benjamin Richard J. 
Published: April 2011

BACKGROUND: Young age, first‐time donation status, and estimated blood volume (EBV) are leading determinants of syncopal complications after whole blood donation. We evaluated a multifaceted safety initiative and more restrictive selection criteria for whole blood donation by individuals younger than 19 years.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Measures introduced over 2 years addressed donor education, drive environment and supervision, and new eligibility criteria for EBV of 3.5 L or more based on height, weight, and sex for individuals younger than 19 years. Presyncopal and syncopal reactions after whole blood donation during the school year in the baseline, transitional (2008), and full implementation (2009) periods were evaluated.RESULTS: Young donors (16‐ to 18‐years‐olds) gave 754,402 and 710,922 whole blood donations in the 2008 and 2009 school years accounting for 16% of the total collections in both 9‐month study periods. The new selection criteria were associated with a significant reduction in the reaction rates among 16‐ to 18‐year‐olds. Sixteen‐year‐old donors had the greatest decrease in 2009 compared to baseline for presyncopal reactions (10.5% vs. 7.3%; odds ratio [OR], 0.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65‐0.69) and syncope (43.1 vs. 37.1 per 10,000 donations; OR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.77‐0.96). Donor subgroup analysis by sex, age, and donation status demonstrated that age‐related differences in reaction rates were eliminated in 2009.CONCLUSION: The safety initiative with new selection criteria for EBV led to decreased complications among donors 16 to 18 years old, such that the risk for 16‐year‐olds was no longer different from that observed for 19‐year‐olds in the analysis stratified by age, sex, and donation status.
Increased perinatal intracranial pressure and brainstem dysfunction predict early puberty in boys with myelomeningocele
Authors: Proos Lemm A , Tuvemo Torsten , Ahlsten Gunnar , Gustafsson Jan , Dahl Margareta 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackground: Children with myelomeningocele (MMC) run an increased risk of developing early or precocious puberty (E/PP).Aim: To identify risk factors for E/PP in boys with MMC.Methods: Boys born between 1970 and 1992, treated for MMC at the University Children’s Hospital, Uppsala, were identified. Thirty‐eight boys were eligible to be included. Medical records were examined retrospectively. Early puberty was defined as pubertal signs before the age of 10 years and 2 months. Precocious puberty was defined as the appearance of these signs before 9 years of age. Increased intracranial pressure perinatally was defined as wide sutures, bulging fontanelles and increased/increasing head circumference at birth and/or during the first week after birth. Early brainstem dysfunction was defined as severe and persistent feeding and respiratory problems before the age of 3 months despite proper control of the hydrocephalus.Results: Of the 38 boys, 8 (21%) had E/PP, which was strongly associated with increased intracranial pressure perinatally and also with early brainstem dysfunction. Multivariate regression analysis showed early brainstem dysfunction to have the highest explanatory value regarding the occurrence of early puberty.Conclusion: Increased intracranial pressure perinatally and brainstem dysfunction early in life are strong predictors of E/PP in boys with MMC.
Preventive effects of Mycobacterium vaccae on HIV‐associated tuberculosis: A systematic review
Authors: Chen Qunfei , Yang Xiaoyan , Li Youping , He Xiangyu , Ma Xiaoxiao , Ma Longbing , Guo Ziheng , Li Ling 
Published: April 2011

Abstract Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Mycobacterium vaccae (M.vaccae, MV) for prevention of HIV‐associated tuberculosis (TB). Methods MEDLINE, Embase, Biosis, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, SCI, CBM, VIP, and CNKI were searched for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non‐randomized controlled trials (NRCTs). The GRADE approach was used for quality assessment. Data were analyzed using RevMan 5.0 software. Results were described or pooled using relative risks (RRs) for binary outcomes with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Seven studies were included, and the methodological quality assessment found there was a risk of methodological bias. The evidence quality of the critical endpoint was moderate. The incidence of definite TB was (33/1006 vs. 52/1007, P = 0.03). The levels of IFN‐γ response to M. vaccae sonicate (MVS) in MV recipients increased compared to baseline or control groups after three or five doses. MV recipients’ level of lymphocyte proliferation assays (LPAs) in response to MVS was higher than that of the saline group after a five‐dose series (RR = 2.49, 95% CI 1.40 to 4.41, P = 0.002). Compared to hepatitis B vaccine (HBV) recipients, LPAs to MVS were not significantly different in the MV group vs. saline group, or vs. HBV, after a three‐dose series (RR and 95% CI were 0.20 (−0.03 to 0.44) and 1.13 (0.26 to 4.91), respectively). Changes in CD4+ cell count and HIV viral load after immunization were not statistically significant. MV immunization had no systematic adverse effects. Conclusion The current evidence indicates that MV is safe and well‐tolerated. It appears to prevent HIV‐infected patients with CD4+≥ 200/mm3 from contracting TB by enhancing their immunogenicity. Yet, because of the relatively low quality of the available evidence, well‐designed and ‐conducted RCTs are needed.
Patient Safety Research in China: A Literature Review
Authors: Nie Yanli , Li Yulin , Ning Jianping , Hou Yingli , Huang Yan , Zhang Mingming 
Published: April 2011

Abstract Objective A number of articles on patient safety have been published in Chinese‐language journals in last decade. However, until now there have been no studies of their overall quality or contribution to current thinking. This study explored the themes and designs of studies on patient safety published in Chinese‐language journals. Method We searched the major Chinese databases, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM) and Chinese Journals Full‐text Database (CNKI), for Chinese‐language patient safety research papers published between January 2001 and December 2010. We analyzed the articles’ publication years, research themes, author affiliations, and research methodologies. Quality and statistical methods were only appraised based on study design type. Results In the decade studied, a total of 6,336 articles were included. 2008 saw the greatest number of patient safety articles published in China (865). There were 11 journals which each published at least 55 relevant articles over 10 years. The most popular topic of patient safety studies was nosocomial infection (5,182/81.79%). Non‐comparative studies accounted for the majority of the literature (4,390/ 69.3%); of these, most were case series (4,080/92.94%). Comparative studies accounted for only 2.6% of the studies found (167). Most of the first authors of included articles worked at hospitals (5,193), many in nursing departments (2,044). Conclusions There was no change trend in the number of articles on patient safety research published in Chinese in the past 10 years. Most articles described non‐comparative studies, which lack rigorous designs. More methodologically rigorous designs are needed to improve the overall quality of patient safety research in China.
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 derived from biliary innate immunity contributes to hepatic fibrogenesis
Authors: Harada Kenichi , Chiba Mayumi , Okamura Atsushi , Hsu Maylee , Sato Yasunori , Igarashi Saya , Ren Xiang Shan , Ikeda Hiroko , Ohta Hajime , Kasashima Satomi , Kawashima Atsuhiro , Nakanuma Yasuni 
Published: April 2011

AimsMonocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a major chemotactic factor for hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) associated with hepatic fibrosis. In this study, among several fibrogenetic factors derived from biliary epithelial cells (BECs), MCP-1 produced by the biliary innate immune system was found to be most critical in the histogenesis of hepatic fibrogenesis.MethodsUsing cultured human BECs, the expression of five fibrogenetic factors including MCP-1 on stimulation with Toll-like receptor ligands, inflammatory cytokines or bile acids was examined. Moreover, in situ detection of MCP-1 and α-smooth muscle actin proteins was performed using sections from normal and diseased livers by immunohistochemistry.ResultsAll fibrogenetic factors were detected in BECs, but only MCP-1 expression was upregulated, by all the Toll-like receptor ligands, IL-1β, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha. Proliferating bile ductules in interface areas expressed MCP-1 in diseased livers accompanying α-smooth muscle actin-positive activated HSCs.ConclusionsBile ductules proliferate in various hepatobiliary diseases, and its significance is still unknown. This study demonstrated that BECs in bile ductules could produce MCP-1, particularly, via biliary innate immunity, suggesting that MCP-1 derived from BECs plays an important role in the recruitment of HSCs to interface areas and the activation of HSCs resulting in the progression of periportal fibrosis.
Impact of smoke-free legislation on children's exposure to secondhand smoke: cotinine data from the Health Survey for England
Authors: Jarvis Martin J , Sims Michelle , Gilmore Anna , Mindell Jenny 
Published: April 2011

ObjectiveTo examine the impact of the ban on smoking in enclosed public places implemented in England in July 2007 on children's exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke.DesignRepeated cross-sectional surveys of the general population in England.SettingThe Health Survey for England.ParticipantsConfirmed non-smoking children aged 4–15 with measured saliva cotinine participating in surveys from 1998 to 2008, a total of 10 825 children across years.Main outcome measuresThe proportion of children living in homes reported to be smoke-free; the proportion of children with undetectable concentrations of cotinine; geometric mean cotinine as an objective indicator of overall exposure.ResultsSignificantly more children with smoking parents lived in smoke-free homes in 2008 (48.1%, 95% CI 43.0% to 53.1%) than in either 2006 (35.5%, 95% CI 29.7% to 41.7%) or the first 6 months of 2007, immediately before the ban came into effect (30.5%, 95% CI 19.7% to 43.9%). A total of 41.1% (95% CI 38.9% to 43.4%) of children had undetectable cotinine in 2008, up from 34.0% (95% CI 30.8% to 37.3%) in 2006. Geometric mean cotinine in all children combined was 0.21 ng/ml (95% CI 0.20 to 0.23) in 2008, slightly lower than in 2006, 0.24 ng/ml (95% CI 0.21 to 0.26).ConclusionsPredictions that the 2007 legislative ban on smoking in enclosed public places would adversely affect children's exposure to tobacco smoke were not confirmed. While overall exposure in children has not been greatly affected by the ban, the trend towards the adoption of smoke-free homes by parents who themselves smoke has received fresh impetus.
ID4 Imparts Chemoresistance and Cancer Stemness to Glioma Cells by Derepressing miR-9*–Mediated Suppression of SOX2
Authors: Jeon Hye-Min , Sohn Young-Woo , Oh Se-Young , Kim Sung-Hak , Beck Samuel , Kim Soonhag , Kim Hyunggee 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Glioma stem cells (GSC) possess tumor-initiating potential and are relatively resistant to conventional chemotherapy and irradiation. Thus, they are considered to be major drivers for glioma initiation, progression, and recurrence. However, the precise mechanism governing acquisition of their drug resistance remains to be elucidated. Our previous study has shown that inhibitor of differentiation 4 (ID4) dedifferentiates Ink4a/Arf−/− mouse astrocytes and human glioma cells to glioma stem-like cells (induced GSCs or iGSCs). In this article, we report that ID4-driven iGSCs exhibit chemoresistant behavior to anticancer drugs through activation of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. We found that ID4 enhanced SOX2 protein expression by suppressing microRNA-9* (miR-9*), which can repress SOX2 by targeting its 3′-untranslated region. Consequently, ID4-mediated SOX2 induction enhanced ABCC3 and ABCC6 expression through direct transcriptional regulation, indicating that ID4 regulates the chemoresistance of iGSCs by promoting SOX2-mediated induction of ABC transporters. Furthermore, we found that short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of SOX2 in ID4-driven iGSCs resulted in loss of cancer stemness. Moreover, ectopic expression of SOX2 could dedifferentiate Ink4a/Arf−/− astrocytes and glioma cells to iGSCs, indicating a crucial role of SOX2 in genesis and maintenance of GSCs. Finally, we found that the significance of the ID4-miR-9*-SOX2-ABCC3/ABCC6 regulatory pathway is recapitulated in GSCs derived from patients with glioma. Together, our results reveal a novel regulatory mechanism by which ID4-driven suppression of miR-9* induces SOX2, which imparts stemness potential and chemoresistance to glioma cells and GSCs. Cancer Res; 71(9); 3410–21. ©2011 AACR.
MMSET Is Highly Expressed and Associated with Aggressiveness in Neuroblastoma
Authors: Hudlebusch Heidi Rye , Skotte Julie , Santoni-Rugiu Eric , Zimling Zarah Glad , Lees Michael James , Simon Ronald , Sauter Guido , Rota Rossella , De Ioris Maria Antonietta , Quarto Micaela , Johansen Jens Vilstrup , Jørgensen Mette , Rechnitzer Catherine , Maroun Lisa Leth , Schrøder Henrik , Petersen Bodil Laub , Helin Kristian 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
MMSET (WHSC1/NSD2) is a SET domain–containing histone lysine methyltransferase the expression of which is deregulated in a subgroup of multiple myelomas with the t(4;14)(p16;q32) translocation associated with poor prognosis. Recent studies have shown that MMSET mRNA levels are increased in other tumor types as well. We have carried out immunohistochemical staining of tissue microarrays and found that MMSET protein is frequently and highly expressed in neuroblastoma (MMSET positive in 75% of neuroblastomas, n = 164). The expression level of MMSET in neuroblastomas was significantly associated with poor survival, negative prognostic factors, and metastatic disease. Moreover, a subset of neuroblastomas for which pre- and postchemotherapy biopsies were available displayed a strong decrease in MMSET protein levels after chemotherapy. In agreement with neuroblastomas becoming more differentiated after treatment, we show that retinoic acid–induced differentiation of human neuroblastoma cells in vitro also leads to a strong decrease in MMSET levels. Furthermore, we show that the high levels of MMSET in normal neural progenitor cells are strongly downregulated during differentiation. Importantly, we show that MMSET is required for proliferation of neuroblastoma cells and brain-derived neural stem cells. Taken together, our results suggest that MMSET is implicated in neuroblastomagenesis possibly by supporting proliferation of progenitor cells and negatively regulating their differentiation. In this respect, MMSET might be a strong candidate therapeutic target in a subset of neuroblastomas with unfavorable prognosis. Cancer Res; 71(12); 4226–35. ©2011 AACR.