bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medical Therapy of Endogenous Cushing’s Syndrome with Steroidogenesis
Inhibitors: Treatment Rationale, Available Drugs, and Therapeutic
Effects
Authors: Detomas Mario , Deutschbein Timo , Altieri Barbara 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEndogenous Cushing’s syndrome (CS) is a rare disease characterized by a
glucocorticoid excess. If inadequately treated, hypercortisolism can lead to
increased morbidity and mortality. Surgical removal of the underlying tumor is
the first-line treatment but is sometimes not feasible or even contraindicated.
Additionally, in cases with severe CS, rapid control of hypercortisolism may be
required. In these scenarios, steroidogenesis inhibitors represent a therapeutic
alternative to surgery. Over the last years, the knowledge of the broad
therapeutic effects of steroidogenesis inhibitors per se and the number of
available drugs have increased. However, large comparative studies are still
lacking. Accordingly, the decision on which drug to be used in a certain patient
or clinical setting may be difficult. This review aims to summarize the main
characteristics of steroidogenesis inhibitors.
Cyсlopentadienone and Pyrone Derivatives as Precursors of Electron-Deficient Cycloheptatrienes: Quantum Chemical Investigation and Synthesis
Authors: Salikov Rinat F. , Tomilov Yury V. , Sokolova Alena D. , Belyy Alexander Yu. , Platonov Dmitry N. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUnstable tetra(methoxycarbonyl)cyclopentadienone was investigated in the synthesis of electron-deficient cycloheptatrienes via [4+2]-cycloaddition/cycloelimination reaction with cyclopropenes. The use of its stable dimer did not afford the product although similar reactions with alkynes have been reported. Quantum chemical calculation revealed that cyclopentadienone is not generated from the dimer and the reaction with alkynes proceeds via a more complicated cycloelimination/cycloaddition/cycloelimination cascade. However, the formation of cycloheptatrienes was found favorable over the formation of the dimer. Therefore, the trapping of tetra(methoxycarbonyl)cyclopentadienone upon formation was successful to give cycloheptatrienes with five ester groups. The use of methyl coumalate as a four-electron component was successful with cyclopropenes containing only one ester group to afford only two ester groups in the product.
Synthesis and Utilization of 1H-Indazole N-Oxides in the Production of C3-Functionalized 1H-Indazoles
Authors: Park Jin Kyoon , Arepally Sagar 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe medicinal importance, natural rarity, and challenges associated with the synthesis of C3-functionalized 1H-indazoles have propelled the development of novel and practical 1H-indazole N-oxides for the production of diverse arrays of C3-functionalized 1H-indazoles. The use of 1H-indazole N-oxides has been remarkably effective for the selective introduction of diverse functional groups, including amino (NHAr), chloro (Cl), hydroxy (OH), sulfonyl (SO2Ar), aromatic (Ar), olefin, alkyl, and N-formyl (NRCHO) groups, to indazole pharmacophore molecules. This review offers a concise overview of the synthetic approaches and practical applications of 1H-indazole N-oxides, including recent studies conducted by the authors. Transformative reactions involving 1H-indazole N-oxides not only offer strategies for synthesizing C3-functionalized 1H-indazoles but also hold significant potential in medicinal chemistry.1	Introduction2	Synthetic Approaches and Applications of 1H-Indazole N-Oxides3	Summary and Outlook
Hexafluoroisopropyl N-Fluorosulfonyl Carbamate: Synthesis and Its Facile Transformation to Sulfamoyl Ureas
Authors: Liu Shuo , Li Xixi , Xu Long , Dong Jiajia , Wang Xiaolei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe synthesis of hexafluoroisopropyl N-fluorosulfonyl carbamate (HFC) and its facile transformation to sulfamoyl ureas are reported . Unlike liquid chlorosulfonyl isocyanate (CSI) and fluorosulfonyl isocyanate (FSI), which are corrosive and moisture-sensitive, HFC is a white solid and displays satisfactory bench-stability and unique reactivity, which facilitates its double ligation with amines to directly afford a series of sulfamoyl ureas under ambient conditions. It is worth noting that HFC will serve as an efficient surrogate to CSI and FSI for laboratory use, especially for accessing the bioactive sulfamoyl ureas under mild conditions.
Recurrence of Resected Skull Base Meningiomas during Long-term Follow-up: Incidence and Predisposing Factors
Authors: Macarthur Joshua Ian , Hannan Cathal John , Howard Callum , Halliday Jane , Pathmanaban Omar Nathan , Hammerbeck-Ward Charlotte , Rutherford Scott A. , King Andrew T. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Introduction Skull base meningiomas (SBMs) are often subtotally resected and there is a paucity of evidence regarding the long-term rates of postoperative tumor progression. We aimed to investigate the factors that influence tumor recurrence in patients with an extended period of follow-up.
Methods Surgically resected tumors with long-term radiological follow-up were included for analysis. Data were collected on patient demographics, anatomical location, Simpson grade, World Health Organization (WHO) grade, modality of reintervention, and functional status. Recurrence was defined as tumor progression requiring intervention. Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test were used to calculate recurrence-free probability. Cox regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with tumor progression.
Results Sixty-one patients were identified. Median radiological follow-up was 11.25 (IQR 4.3) years. Median age at first surgery was 50 (IQR 17) years. A total of 55/61(90%) tumors were WHO grade I and 6/61(10%) were grade II. Gross total resection (GTR) was achieved in 37/61 (60.7%) patients with subtotal resection (STR) in 24/61 (39.3%). In total, 28/61(45.9%) demonstrated recurrence/regrowth with a median time to recurrence of 2.8 (IQR 5) years. Also, 15/37 (40.5%) and 13/24 (54.2%) patients with GTR and STR, respectively, had tumor recurrence. Of the 28 recurrences, 4/28 (14.3%) underwent reresection, 9/28 (32.1%) were managed with radiotherapy, and 15/28 (53.6%) received both reresection and radiotherapy. Tumor grade was the only significant predictor of tumor recurrence (p = 0.033). Neurological function at last follow-up was significantly worse (modified Rankin scale >2) in patients with recurrence (p = 0.035).
Conclusion Surgically resected SBMs are associated with a significant recurrence rate during prolonged follow-up, irrespective of the extent of resection achieved. We recommend a prolonged period of radiological surveillance for SBM following surgical resection.
The effect of microsolvation on the structure, nuclear quadrupole coupling, and internal rotation: The methyl carbamate⋯(H2O)1–3 complexes
Authors: Pinacho Pablo , López Juan Carlos , Kisiel Zbigniew , Blanco Susana 
Published: April 2024

Microsolvation of the carbamate moiety delivers precise information on complexation effects on the N–C=O backbone and is of relevance to the peptide bond functionality. In this context, the mono-, di-, and trihydrated complexes of methyl carbamate have been studied in molecular expansion by high-resolution microwave spectroscopy, using chirped-pulse and Fabry–Perot resonator Fourier transform microwave instruments covering the frequency range from 2 to 18 GHz. From the rotational constants of the parent and the 18Ow substituted monoisotopologues, accurate values have been derived for the geometries of the hydrogen bond interactions. The nuclear quadrupole coupling constant χcc of the nitrogen nucleus provides a direct measure of complexation changes and decreases with the degree of hydration, whereas the hindered internal rotation barrier increases slightly with microsolvation. Both tendencies could have a common origin in the π-cooperative inductive effects as the microsolvation series progresses. All transitions are split by the internal rotation of the methyl top and the nuclear quadrupole coupling, and in the largest cluster, they are additionally split by an inversion motion.
Towards a competition-based word-formation theory
Authors: Nagano Akiko , Bagasheva Alexandra , Renner Vincent 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the study of
competition in word-formation theories, drawing on the findings of the ten
chapters collected in this volume and other recent contributions. It
explores recurrent issues regarding (i) the triggers and outcomes of
competition, (ii) the variety of competing forms, and (iii) the synonymy
condition for competition. With respect to the first set of research
questions, a binary typology of form-based and meaning-based resolutions is
identified, with each pole providing multiple ways to resolve competition.
Next, for the form-related research questions, the distinction between
macro‑ and micro-level competition is significant. Finally, the synonymy
condition is reassessed through a careful comparison between morphologically
simplex and complex lexemes, leading to a definition of competing rivals in
word-formation as a set of formally suppletive morphological processes that
produce propositional, near, or sense synonyms.
[N1 + N2], [N + A], and [N1 + de + N2]
Authors: Koga Kentaro 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
[N1 + N2], [N1 + A], and [N1 + P + N2]
constructions have a function of naming subcategories of the concept
indicated by the N1. [N1 + A] and [N1 + P + N2] constructions are
considered as lexicalized syntactic units, whereas [N1 + N2]
constructions cannot be formed by syntactic rules. The formation of
[N1 + N2] constructions is based on a model created by an analogy
from existent binominal constructions. The three types of
constructions under investigation can establish a tripartite
competition, but such cases do not always occur, because of the
conditional productivity of [N1 + N2], the lack of adjectival form
and restrictions on the formation of [N1 + de +
N2].
Revisiting Poser’s (1992) “Blocking of phrasal constructions by
lexical items” from the perspective of the economy of language use
principle
Authors: Yuhara Ichiro 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Poser
(1992) is an important paper that points out that
blocking applies not only to synonyms but also to synonymous
phrases, using Japanese examples. This chapter aims to update his
discussion and proposal using Ueno’s (2014) “economy of language use” principle
requiring to choose a structurally simpler expression when there are
two semantically rivaling expressions. Considering the significance
of two semantically similar but formally non-identical
representations co-existing redundantly, this chapter also puts
forth Sadock’s (2012)
multi-modular grammar as a model that embodies the idea that grammar
is competition.
Performance enhancement of Ge/Si avalanche photodetector by specific sidewall passivation using remote oxygen plasma treatment
Authors: Huang Donglin , Ji Ruoyun , Yao Liqiang , Jiao Jinlong , Li Cheng , Lin Guangyang , Huang Wei , Li Xin , Chen Songyan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We report an obvious improvement in the performance of a separated absorption charger-layer multiplication Ge/Si avalanche photodetector, achieved by passivating the sidewalls with a low-temperature remote oxygen plasma (ROP) treatment. The dangling bonds on the Ge surface can be efficiently passivated by the formation of an ideal Ge/GeO2 interface. With ROP passivation, the leakage current of the device shows a three- to fourfold decrease at 300 K, resulting in a dark current (I
dark) of 3.5 × 10−6 A at 90% avalanche voltage (V
br) and 3.4 × 10−7 A at punch-through voltage (V
puhch-through) for the 26 μm-diameter device. A reduction of over tenfold is demonstrated at 200 K and the passivation mechanism is revealed. In addition, a multiplication gain of 94 is obtained under 1550 nm illumination. The device with ROP passivation shows an improved gain bandwidth product of 190 GHz. The enhanced high-frequency response of the device with ROP passivation can be attributed to the alleviation of the retarding effect caused by the interface state on the sidewalls. Without using a trans-impedance amplifier, an opening eye diagram at 28 Gbps is demonstrated, indicating reliable device transmission performance.
Magneto-optical detection of non-collinear magnetization states in ferromagnetic multilayers
Authors: Martín Valderrama Carmen , Prieto Irene , Quintana Mikel , Berger Andreas 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We have experimentally studied the relationship in between non-collinear magnetization states in ferromagnetic (FM) multilayers and their resulting magneto-optical (MO) properties. Hereby, we observe that the phase of the complex-valued MO parameters are especially sensitive towards non-collinear magnetization states and enable their unambiguous detection. For the purpose of our experimental study, we designed, fabricated and characterized a set of epitaxial FM/NM/FM multilayers with in-plane uniaxial anisotropy, in which the non-magnetic (NM) interlayer thickness t was varied, so that tunable FM interlayer exchange coupling strength in between the two FM layers could be achieved. Furthermore, the two FM layers were made from different alloys, so that they exhibit different levels of magnetocrystalline anisotropy, which enables a collinear to non-collinear magnetization state transition upon applying a magnetic field

H

away from the in-plane easy axis for samples with sufficiently large

t

. Utilizing generalized MO ellipsometry, we determined the full reflection matrix
R
as a function of

H

and we observed that the phases of the complex-valued MO coefficients in
R
change with

H

in multilayers that have sufficiently weak interlayer coupling strength, i.e. large t, which can only happen if non-collinear magnetization states of varying non-collinearity occur in those samples. For samples with small t, corresponding to strongly exchange coupled FM layers, this effect is absent, consistent with the existence of collinear magnetization states in those multilayers for all

H

values.
Effect of growth conditions on magnetization reversal and magnetic anisotropy in Co2Fe0.5Ti0.5Si quaternary Heusler alloy thin films
Authors: Rahaman Mainur , Longchar Lanuakum A , Lalita  , Basheed G A , Reddy V Raghavendra , Raja M Manivel , Kaul S N , Srinath S 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Ferromagnetic resonance and magneto-optic Kerr effect (MOKE) techniques are employed to unravel the nature of ‘in-plane’ (IP) magnetic anisotropy and magnetization reversal (MR) processes in magnetron-sputtered 100 nm Co2Fe0.5Ti0.5Si (CFTS) thin films, deposited (and subsequently annealed) at different substrate temperatures (Ts) ranging from 200 °C to 550 °C. By varying TS, the CFTS films are produced with different amounts of anti-site (AS) atomic disorder. Irrespective of the degree of AS disorder, the IP uniaxial magnetic anisotropy (UMA) is prevalent in all the CFTS films. The TS450 and TS500 films, deposited at T
S = 450 °C and 500 °C, stand out as they have (i) the least AS disorder, (ii) lowest value (α = 0.0055) of the Gilbert damping constant, (iii) high saturation magnetization (

≅
770

G

) at 300 K, (iv) UMA energy density as high as

≅
1.6
×

10
4

erg

/

c
c

at 120 K dropping to

≅
1.0
×

10
4

erg

/

c
c

at 300 K, (v) spin-wave stiffness (

D

) at T = 0 K,

D
0

≅
175

meV

Å

2

and, as in other CFTS films, the electron–magnon interaction is primarily responsible for the thermal renormalization of

D

. Furthermore, in the TS450 and TS500 films, MOKE hysteresis loops at various angles (

ψ
H

) that the field makes with the easy axis in the film plane, reveals two mutually exclusive UMAs,

U
M

A
1

≫
U
M

A
2

, with easy axes perpendicular to each other. By contrast, only a single UMA is observed in all the remaining films. When

ψ
H

=

0
∘

, MOKE domain images reveal that, consistent with the uniaxial nature of magnetic anisotropy, an abrupt reversal of magnetization is accompanied by the formation of 180° domains. When

ψ
H

= 90°, due to the presence of two UMAs in TS450 and TS500 films, following the field reversal, first the reverse domains nucleate and then grow at the expense of the fundamental domains through field-induced domain wall motion.
Enhancing selective production of atomic oxygen through nanosecond pulse-burst driven mode in a He/O2 dielectric barrier discharge
Authors: Wang Da-Zhi , Qiao Jun-Jie , Yang Qi , Sun Fu-Li , Xiong Qing 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this study, the temporal evolution of O atoms in a nanosecond burst-pulsed dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) is measured by two-photon absorption laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy. The experiment is conducted at burst conditions of 50, 100, and 200 kHz pulse frequency, 10 Hz burst frequency, and 20–400 pulses in 0.1%–2% O2 + He mixtures. The accumulation effect of O atoms in the burst mode is observed and the density gradually saturates at around 100 pulses. Increasing the pulse frequency effectively enhances the O saturation density. The 0-dimensional kinetic model reveals that the saturation effect is primarily balanced by the formation and loss characteristics of O atoms. Similar saturation effect is also observed in the typical continuous periodic pulse mode (one pulse each cycle), but with a saturation density about one order of magnitude lower than that in the burst case, highlighting the burst excitation mode as an effective method for enhancing the instantaneous peak production of O atoms. Further investigations into the influence of O2 proportion on the selective production of O atoms are also performed. The results suggest that a low O2 proportion (<2%) and pulse-burst driven mode for the He/O2 DBD facilitates the selective production of O atoms while competing with O3 formation.
Adaptive impedance matching in microwave and terahertz metamaterial absorbers using PIN diodes and GaN HEMTs
Authors: Liu Yunpeng , Ibrahim Suriani , Majid Nazia Abdul , Mohd Sabri Mohd Faizul , Sun Jianwen , Zhuo Qiming , Liu Wei 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Metamaterial absorbers allow electromagnetic waves to be converted into heat energy based on impedance matching. However, passive metamaterial absorbers exhibit fixed absorption characteristics, limiting their flexibility. This work demonstrates tunable microwave and terahertz absorbers by integrating adjustable resistors into the metamaterial units. First, a microwave absorber from 1 to 5 GHz was designed by embedding PIN diodes with voltage-controlled resistance. Calculations, simulations, and measurements verified two separate absorption peaks over 90% when optimized to a resistance of 250 Ω. The absorption frequencies shifted based on the resistor tuning. Building on this, a terahertz absorber was modeled by substituting gallium nitride high electron mobility transistors (GaN HEMTs) as the adjustable resistor component. The GaN HEMTs were controlled by an integrated gate electrode to modify the two-dimensional electron gas density, allowing resistance changes without external voltage terminals. Simulations revealed two absorption peaks exceeding 90% absorption at 0.34 THz and 1.06 THz by adjusting the equivalent resistance from 180 Ω to 380 Ω, and the tunable resistance is verified by DC measurement of single GaN HEMT in the unit. This work demonstrates how integrating adjustable resistors enables dynamic control over the absorption frequencies and bandwidths of metamaterial absorbers. The proposed geometries provide blueprints for tunable microwave and terahertz absorbers.
Thermal transport in fullerene-based molecular junctions: molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Li Joanna , Wang Jonathan J , Segal Dvira 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We investigate phonon thermal transport of fullerene-based single-molecule junctions by employing classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We compute the thermal conductances of C60 fullerene monomers, dimers, and trimers utilizing three distinct MD methods. We observe the equilibration dynamics in one approach, and employ two other nonequilibrium steady state simulation methods. We discuss technical aspects of each simulation technique, and show that their predictions for the thermal conductance agree. Our simulations reveal that while the thermal conductance of fullerene monomer and dimer junctions remains similar, that of trimer junctions experiences a significant reduction. This study could assist in the design of high-performing thermoelectric junctions, where low thermal conductance is desired.
Integrity monitoring for decentralized redundant IMUs/GNSS integrated navigation system with correlated measurements
Authors: Yang Shaohua , Zhang Xiaodong , Li Ao , Zhang Xun , Xu Bin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In civil aviation systems, the inertial measurement unit (IMU)/Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) integrated navigation remains the most effective navigation scheme. Based upon this, the utilization of redundant IMUs and a multi-constellation system can significantly enhance navigation and integrity performance. However, redundant IMUs/GNSS integrated navigation systems are susceptible to more complex failure modes, including GNSS faults (satellite and constellation faults) and IMU faults. Additionally, dealing with correlated measurements between redundant constructions presents a challenging issue. Therefore, we propose an integrity monitoring method for decentralized redundant IMUs/GNSS integrated navigation systems. This method considers GNSS faults and IMU fault in the integrity monitoring process, specifically designed for decentralized filter construction with redundancy. Furthermore, due to the correlated measurements between redundant filters, optimal fusion coefficients are determined by considering the unbiased estimate and minimizing the trace covariance of the primary filter. An optimal allocation scheme for continuity risk is also established to improve navigation and integrity performance. Simulation results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed integrity monitoring method. Moreover, in the context of correlated measurements, the integrated navigation system also exhibits superiority.
Dual-range TMR current sensor based on magnetic shunt/aggregation effects utilizing single magnetic ring structure
Authors: Bai Ru , Li Boyan , Tu Jiakun , Yang Tengda , Dou Aiyu , Sun Yucheng , Qian Zhenghong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we propose and design a novel dual-range tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) current sensor with a single magnetic ring structure. This design incorporates two distinct magnetic guiding effects, namely magnetic shunt and magnetic aggregation, within the same magnetic ring. By integrating a high-sensitivity TMR sensor chip with a closed-loop feedback circuit, we achieve a TMR current sensor with excellent linearity, high resolution, as well as high frequency response. The magnetic ring structure is first modeled and simulated, establishing a correlation between the distribution of magnetic induction intensity and the parameters of the magnetic ring and feedback coils. Through simulation optimization and theoretical calculations, we determine the optimal positions for TMR sensor chips in the magnetic ring, suitable for both current ranges. When a signal current is present, the TMR sensor chip generates a weak differential voltage signal, which is subsequently amplified, processed, and automatically transmitted to the laptop via a serial port. Furthermore, the sensor allows for automatic switching between the two current ranges. The results demonstrate that our designed dual-range current sensor exhibits outstanding performance characteristics, including a high resolution of 500 μA in the small range, accuracy of 0.10%, excellent linearity of 0.011%, and a fast frequency response of 500 kHz. These features make it highly applicable in various fields such as new energy vehicles and smart grids, indicating promising prospects for its widespread utilization.