bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of a species‐optimized enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for determination of serum concentrations of insulin in dogs
Authors: Öberg Josefine , Fall Tove , Lilliehöök Inger 
Published: February 2011

Background:Measurement of canine serum insulin has relied on methods developed to measure human insulin. A species‐optimized test for measurement of serum insulin in dogs is now commercially available.Objective:The purpose of this study was to validate the canine ELISA for determination of serum insulin concentration in dogs.Methods:Precision was determined by evaluating intra‐ and interassay coefficient of variation (CV), and accuracy was determined by dilution and spike recovery studies. A method comparison study with samples from 34 clinically healthy dogs and 73 dogs examined for various illnesses and disorders (“patients”) was performed using the canine ELISA and an ELISA for human insulin. Biologic relevance of the canine assay was evaluated by measuring insulin in samples collected from 8 healthy dogs after administration of glucagon. A stability study was preformed with 6 samples stored at 20°C, 4–8°C, and −20°C.Results:For the canine ELISA, intra‐ and interassay CVs were 4.3–7.8% and 4.4–7.7%, respectively. Mean recovery after dilution was 99% and recovery after spiking with porcine insulin was 116%. The canine and human ELISAs correlated well (r2=.94 for healthy dogs,r2=.88 for patient samples). After glucagon injection serum insulin concentrations increased significantly in 8 dogs. Insulin was stable for 30 days in 6 serum samples stored at −20°C and in most samples for 8 days at 4–8°C. Insulin was stable for <3 days at room temperature (20°C).Conclusions:The new canine serum insulin ELISA had good precision and accuracy and correlated well with the previously used assay.
Comparison of gel column agglutination with monoclonal antibodies and card agglutination methods for assessing the feline AB group system and a frequency study of feline blood types in northern Italy
Authors: Proverbio Daniela , Spada Eva , Baggiani Luciana , Perego Roberta , Milici Alessandra , Ferro Elisabetta 
Published: February 2011

Background:A new commercial gel column agglutination system is reported to have high sensitivity in detecting cats with blood type AB.Objectives:The aims of this study were to compare gel column agglutination and card agglutination methods for feline blood‐typing and to determine the frequency distribution of feline blood types in northern Italy.Methods:Blood‐typing was performed on 120 cats using both a commercial gel column containing monoclonal antibodies (ID Gel‐Test Micro Typing System) and a card agglutination method (RapidVet‐H Feline). Results were confirmed with back‐typing. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were calculated for the 2 methods. A second group of 140 Domestic Shorthair (DSH) cats was blood‐typed using the gel column technique to determine the frequency distribution of feline blood types in northern Italy.Results:The card agglutination method demonstrated poor sensitivity in identification of type‐AB cats (61%) and was only 95% specific when identifying type‐B cats. The gel column agglutination technique demonstrated 100% sensitivity and specificity for typing all 3 blood types (A, B, and AB). The frequency distribution study of 140 cats demonstrated that 127 (90.7%) cats were type A, 10 (7.1%) were type B, and 3 (2.1%) were type AB.Conclusion:When blood‐typing cats of breeds with a relatively high frequency of blood types B and AB, methods that use monoclonal antibodies for detection of blood types B and AB are recommended. Alternatively, blood type can be confirmed by more sensitive supplemental testing, such as back‐typing. The high frequency of blood type A in DSH cats in northern Italy was comparable to previously reported frequencies in Italy and world‐wide.
Do power line rights-of-way facilitate the spread of non-peatland and invasive plants in bogs and fens?
Authors: Dubé Caroline , Pellerin Stéphanie , Poulin Monique 
Published: February 2011

Linear infrastructures are known to facilitate the spread of undesirable species in ecosystems. Compared with other types of infrastructure, the role of power line rights-of-way (ROWs) as dispersal vectors remains poorly understood, especially with regard to peatlands. The aim of our study was to evaluate their impacts on the vegetation of ombrotrophic (bog) and minerotrophic (fen) peatlands. The vegetation communities within and adjacent to power line ROWs were sampled in 23 bogs and 11 fens in southern Québec. In fens, invasive species were found in abundance along the first 250 m within ROWs, while native non-peatland species were able to spread into entire ROWs. Invasive species were also able to colonize the adjacent fen habitats but were mostly concentrated in the first 4 m from ROW edges. Some species were, however, able to establish at more than 43 m from ROWs. Invasive and native non-peatland species were mostly restricted to the first 31 m within ROWs intersecting a bog and almost none dispersed in the adjacent bog habitats. Overall, the average cover of native non-peatland and invasive species in ROWs was mostly related to intrinsic abiotic conditions such as water pH, water conductivity, and water table level, while landscape surrounding the peatland and historical variables (e.g., time elapse since the construction of the ROW) had few impacts in both bogs and fens.
The effect of invasiveLythrum salicariapollen deposition on seed set in the native speciesDecodon verticillatus
Authors: Da Silva Elizabeth M. , Sargent Risa D. 
Published: February 2011

Relatively little attention has been paid to pollinator-mediated interactions among invasive and native plants in spite of the fact that pollen transfer between species in invaded communities has been shown to occur. In this study, we investigated the impact of pollen deposition from the invasive plant species Lythrum salicaria on seed set in a native species that is a member of the same family, Decodon verticillatus. Whole plants were subjected to hand pollination by conspecific (D. verticillatus only) or mixed (a 1:1 mixture of D. verticillatus and L. salicaria) pollen to determine if the addition of a mixed pollen load interferes with the ability of D. verticillatus pollen to set seed. We found the mixed pollen treatment reduced D. verticillatus seed set by 33.3% relative to the conspecific pollen treatment. Our study demonstrates that invasive plants have the potential to negatively impact the reproductive success of a native species through pollinator-mediated interactions. We discuss the potential implications of our findings to the evolution and persistence of native plant populations in invaded communities.
Studies of the local structures and spin Hamiltonian parameters for the two Rh2+ centers in AgBr
Authors: Zhang Hua-Ming , Wu Shao-Yi , Xu Pei 
Published: February 2011

The local structures and the spin Hamiltonian parameters (the g-factors g|| and g⊥ and the superhyperfine parameters A||′ and A⊥′) are quantitatively studied for the two Rh2+ L and H centers (denoting the tetragonally elongated and compressed [RhBr6]4− clusters at low and high temperatures, respectively) in AgBr using the perturbation formulas of these parameters for a 4d7 ion in tetragonally elongated and compressed octahedra. From the studies, the elongated L center originates from the relative elongation of the parallel Rh2+–Br− bonds by about 0.081 Å along the C4 axis because of the Jahn–Teller effect. Nevertheless, the compressed center H is attributed to one next nearest neighbouring Ag+ vacancy VAg along the C4 axis as the charge compensator, which compels the intervening ligand Br− in the Rh2+ and the VAg to shift away from the latter by about 0.148 Å because of the electrostatic repulsion. All the calculated spin Hamiltonian parameters based on the above local structures are in good agreement with the experimental data for both centers.
Genuine two particle correlations of target fragments in nuclear interactions
Authors: Ghosh Dipak , Deb Argha , Bhattacharyya Swarnapratim , Datta Utpal 
Published: February 2011

The search for genuine two-particle dynamical correlations among the target evaporated slow particles in 12C-AgBr and 24Mg-AgBr interactions at 4.5 AGeV and 28Si-AgBr interactions at 14.5 AGeV in the emission angle space has been carried out using the method of normalized factorial cumulant moments. The analysis reveals the presence of genuine two-particle dynamical correlations among the target fragments in 12C-AgBr, 24Mg-AgBr, and 28Si-AgBr interactions. The correlations among the target evaporated slow particles are found to decrease with an increase in mass and energy of the projectile beam.
A spectral model of the FeO orange bands with a comparison between a laboratory spectrum and a night airglow spectrum observed by OSIRIS on Odin
Authors: Gattinger R. L. , Evans W. F.J. , Degenstein D. A. , Llewellyn E. J. 
Published: February 2011

Emissions from the FeO orange bands have been observed in the laboratory for many decades. The transition has been identified as D(5Δi)–X(5Δi) where the subscript identifies the five Ω spin components. While the ground-state molecular constants are well-known, information on the upper state is less precise, and this is primarily due to significant energy level perturbations. Using the available constants, a preliminary spectral simulation model of the orange bands has been developed with a wavelength accuracy of approximately 1/3 nm. Using data from the OSIRIS spectrograph on board the Odin spacecraft, these FeO orange bands have been identified as a component of the night airglow spectrum emanating from the upper mesosphere. The spectral simulation model is combined with the OSIRIS observations to determine the vibrational development of the FeO emissions in the airglow. The model is also applied to published laboratory observations of the orange bands, conducted at much higher pressure than for the airglow, to test for different vibrational development.
MAGNETIC MAP OF MnNi ALLOYED MONOLAYER ON Cu(001) SUBSTRATE: AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS
Authors: HAMAD BOTHINA A. 
Published: February 2011

In this work, a theoretical study of the structural, electronic and magnetic properties are presented for Mn 0.5 Ni 0.5 alloyed overlayer adsorbed on Cu (001) surface. The calculations were performed using the density functional theory (DFT) and the exchange-correlation potential was treated by the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). The system was fully relaxed except for the central layer, which yields to outward relaxations and inward Mn and Ni surface atoms, respectively in the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic configurations. The in-plane ferromagnetic configuration was found to be more stable than the antiferromagnetic one by 25 meV/atom. The local magnetic moments of Mn atoms were found to be about 4 μ B , whereas those of the Ni atoms where found to be 0.46 μ B .
The Existence of Maximum and Minimum Solutions to General Variational Inequalities in the Hilbert Lattices
Authors: Li Jinlu , Yao Jen-Chih 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe apply the variational characterization of the metric projection to prove some results about the solvability of general variational inequalities and the existence of maximum and minimum solutions to some general variational inequalities in the Hilbert lattices.
High-Resolution Melting Analysis for Mutation Screening of RGSL1, RGS16, and RGS8 in Breast Cancer
Authors: Wiechec Emilia , Wiuf Carsten , Overgaard Jens , Hansen Lise Lotte 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Background: Identification of specific mutation targets in cancer may lead to discovery of the genes modulating cancer susceptibility and/or prognosis. The RGSL1, RGS16, and RGS8 genes within the 1q25.3 region belong to the novel family of regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) genes, which increase the GTPase activity of the Gα subunit to attenuate signaling from the G protein–coupled receptor. We evaluated the use of high-resolution melting (HRM) to screen for mutations in the genes of interest and assess their clinical significance.
Methods: The HRM analysis was used to screen 32 coding exons of RGSL1, RGS16, and RGS8 in tumors from 200 breast cancer patients. All sequence variants detected by HRM resulted in abnormal shape of the melting curves. The identified mutations and known single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were subsequently confirmed by sequencing, and distribution of the SNP genotypes was determined by SNaPshot analysis. A case–control analysis of genotype frequencies was carried out.
Results: We identified three tumor specific missense mutations in RGSL1 (ex6 c.664 G&gt;A (Val222Ile), ex13 c.2262 C&gt;G (Asp754Glu), and ex13 c.2316 C&gt;T (Ser772Leu) in three different breast cancer patients. In addition, a total of seven known SNPs were identified in this study. Genotype distributions were not significantly different between breast cancer patients and controls.
Conclusions and Impact: Identification of novel mutations within RGSL1 provides a new insight into the pathophysiology of breast cancer. Moreover, the HRM analysis represents a reliable and highly sensitive method for mutation scanning of multiple exons. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(2); 397–407. ©2010 AACR.
Nicotine Metabolite Ratio Predicts Smoking Topography and Carcinogen Biomarker Level
Authors: Strasser Andrew A. , Benowitz Neal L. , Pinto Angela G. , Tang Kathy Z. , Hecht Stephen S. , Carmella Steve G. , Tyndale Rachel F. , Lerman Caryn E. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackground: Variability in smoking behavior is partly attributable to heritable individual differences in nicotine clearance rates. This can be assessed as the ratio of the metabolites cotinine and 3′-hydroxycotinine (referred to as the nicotine metabolism ratio; NMR). We hypothesized that faster NMR would be associated with greater cigarette puff volume and higher levels of total 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), a carcinogen biomarker.Methods: Current smokers (n = 109) smoked one of their preferred brand cigarettes through a smoking topography device and provided specimens for NMR and total NNAL assays.Results: Faster nicotine metabolizers (third and fourth quartiles versus first quartile) based on the NMR exhibited significantly greater total puff volume and total NNAL; the total puff volume by daily cigarette consumption interaction was a significant predictor of total NNAL level.Conclusion: A heritable biomarker of nicotine clearance predicts total cigarette puff volume and total NNAL.Impact: If validated, the NMR could contribute to smoking risk assessment in epidemiologic studies and potentially in clinical practice. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(2); 234–8. 2011 AACR.
Melanoma Incidence Rates among Whites in the U.S. Military
Authors: Zhou Jing , Enewold Lindsey , Zahm Shelia H. , Devesa Susan S. , Anderson William F. , Potter John F. , McGlynn Katherine A. , Zhu Kangmin 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Background: The U.S. Military and general populations may differ in the exposure to sunlight and other risk factors for melanoma and therefore the incidence rates of melanoma may be different in these two populations. However, few studies have compared melanoma incidence rates and trends over time between the military and the general population.
Methods: Melanoma incidence rates from 1990 to 2004 among white active-duty military personnel and the general U.S. population were compared using data from the Department of Defense Automated Central Tumor Registry and the National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program.
Results: Age-adjusted melanoma rates overall were significantly lower in the military than in the general population; the incidence rate ratio was 0.75 for men and 0.56 for women. Age-specific rates, however, were significantly lower among individuals younger than 45 years, but significantly higher among those 45 years or older (P &lt; 0.05). Melanoma incidence increased from 1990–1994 to 2000–2004 in both populations, with the most rapid increase (40%) among younger men in the military. Melanoma incidence rates also varied by branch of military service; rates were highest in the air force.
Conclusion: These results suggest that melanoma incidence rate patterns differ between the military and the general population.
Impact: Further studies of risk factors for melanoma in the military are needed to explain these findings. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(2); 318–23. ©2010 AACR.
A Case Study Addressing the Reliability of Polychlorinated Biphenyl Levels Measured at the Time of Breast Cancer Diagnosis in Representing Early-Life Exposure
Authors: Verner Marc-André , Bachelet Delphine , McDougall Robin , Charbonneau Michel , Guénel Pascal , Haddad Sami 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackground: To date, breast cancer epidemiologic studies have relied on blood or tissue specimens sampled at the time of diagnosis or a few years prior to assess lifetime exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB). In this study, we evaluated whether such PCB measurements are indicative of early-life levels by reconstructing lifetime toxicokinetic profiles for women included in the CECILE case–control study, using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model.Methods: We simulated lifetime toxicokinetic profiles of PCB-153 for 2,134 French women by incorporating information on body weight history, height, pregnancies, and breast-feeding in the PBPK model. Oral dose was calculated by considering measured blood PCB-153 and the temporal trend of environmental contamination. Area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC) for each decade of life and maximum blood concentration (Cmax) were compiled and compared with measured levels, using Pearson partial correlation analyses adjusting for age at diagnosis.Results: When considering all individuals, simulated AUCs correlated with measured PCBs, with coefficients ranging from 0.735 to 0.981. The weakest correlations were obtained with AUCs for the first decades of life. Stratified analyses suggested that breast-feeding reduces the reliability of late-life blood levels in representing lifetime exposure.Conclusion: Results of this study suggest that PCB levels measured at the time of diagnosis do not fully represent early-life exposures.Impact: PBPK-derived estimates of early-life levels circumvent the limitations of current approaches in assessing PCB lifetime exposure and may be used to address hypothesized windows of breast vulnerability (e.g., puberty) in this population. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(2); 281–6. ©2010 AACR.
A Panel of Kallikrein Marker Predicts Prostate Cancer in a Large, Population-Based Cohort Followed for 15 Years without Screening
Authors: Vickers Andrew J. , Gupta Amit , Savage Caroline J. , Pettersson Kim , Dahlin Anders , Bjartell Anders , Manjer Jonas , Scardino Peter T. , Ulmert David , Lilja Hans 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Background: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has modest specificity for prostate cancer. A panel of four kallikrein markers (total PSA, free PSA, intact PSA, and kallikrein-related peptidase 2) is a highly accurate predictor of biopsy outcome. The clinical significance of biopsy-detectable cancers in men classified as low-risk by this panel remains unclear.
Methods: The Malmö Diet and Cancer study is a population-based cohort of 11,063 Swedish men aged 45 to 73 providing a blood sample at baseline during 1991–1996. The Swedish Cancer Registry was used to identify 943 men diagnosed with prostate cancer by December 31, 2006. PSA testing was low. We assessed the predictive accuracy of our published statistical model to predict subsequent prostate cancer diagnosis in men with a total PSA level of 3.0 ng/mL or more at baseline.
Results: Compared with total PSA and age, the full kallikrein panel enhanced the predictive accuracy for clinically diagnosed prostate cancer (concordance index 0.65 vs. 0.75; P &lt; 0.001). For every 1,000 men with a total PSA level of 3 ng/mL or more at baseline, the model would classify as high-risk 131 of 152 (86%) of the cancer cases diagnosed clinically within 5 years; 421 men would be classified as low-risk by the panel and recommended against biopsy. Of these, only 2 would be diagnosed with advanced prostate cancer (clinical T3–T4 or metastases) within 5 years.
Conclusions: Men with a PSA level of 3 ng/mL or more but defined as low-risk by the panel of four kallikrein markers are unlikely to develop incurable prostate cancer.
Impact: Use of the panel to determine referral to biopsy could substantially reduce the number of unnecessary prostate biopsies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(2); 255–61. ©2010 AACR.
Serum C-Reactive Protein and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer in Two Nested, Case–Control Studies
Authors: Douglas Jason B. , Silverman Debra T. , Weinstein Stephanie J. , Graubard Barry I. , Pollak Michael N. , Tao Yuzhen , Virtamo Jarmo , Albanes Demetrius , Stolzenberg-Solomon Rachael Z. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Background: Many epidemiologic studies have examined the association between C-reactive protein (CRP) and risk of cancer with inconsistent results.
Methods: We conducted two nested, case–control studies in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study (ATBC) and Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO) to test whether prediagnostic circulating CRP concentrations were associated with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Between 1985 and 2004, 311 cases occurred in ATBC and between 1994 and 2006, 182 cases occurred in PLCO. Controls (n = 510 in ATBC, n = 374 in PLCO) were alive at the time the case was diagnosed and were matched by age, date of blood draw, sex, and race. We used conditional logistic regression adjusted for smoking to calculate OR and 95% CI for pancreatic cancer.
Results: CRP concentrations (ng/mL) tended to be inversely or not associated with pancreatic cancer risk in ATBC, PLCO, and combined analyses [per standardized quintile increase in CRP, continuous OR = 0.94 (95% CI, 0.89–0.99), OR = 0.99 (95% CI, 0.95–1.04), OR = 0.98 (95% CI, 0.95–1.01), respectively]. In combined analyses, we observed a significant interaction (Pinteraction = 0.02) such that inverse associations were suggestive in younger (OR = 0.95; 95% CI, 0.90–1.01), but not older, participants.
Conclusion: Our results do not support the hypothesis that higher CRP concentrations are associated with incident pancreatic cancer.
Impact: Our results highlight the importance of investigating more specific biomarkers for inflammation that may reflect the biological mechanisms underlying pancreatic cancer in prospective cohort studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(2); 359–69. ©2010 AACR.