bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bubbles, Tracks, Borders and Lines: Mapping Music and Urban Landscape
Authors: Cohen Sara 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTThis article explores the relationship between music and material urban environments by drawing on ethnographic research with rock and hip-hop musicians. The first of its three sections introduces some of the musicians who participated in that research and the maps they drew to illustrate their music-making activities in the city. The second compares these hand-drawn maps and their various lines and patterns, and relates their differences to music genre and particular urban conditions. The final section of the article explores the broader implications of the maps for conceptualizing the relationship between music and material environments. It starts by considering notions of articulation and mediation and their usefulness for understanding relations between music and material urban environments. Focusing on the maps’ detailed lines and patterns, it then describes how music and music-making are mediated by material urban environments, a process involving the navigation of journeys and boundaries and the forging of multiple relations along the way.
Distribution, clinicopathologic features and survival of breast cancer subtypes in Southern China
Authors: Xue Cong , Wang Xi , Peng Roujun , Shi Yanxia , Qin Tao , Liu Donggen , Teng Xiaoyu , Wang Shusen , Zhang Li , Yuan Zhongyu 
Published: May 2012

Breast cancer research and treatment by different subtypes is an inevitable trend. We investigated the clinicopathologic features and outcomes of different breast cancer subtypes in Southern China. A total of 5809 patients with invasive ductal carcinomas were identified. Immunohistochemical (IHC) markers for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), Her2/neu, and Ki‐67 proliferation index were used to classify cases into five molecular subtypes. Clinicopathologic characteristics and survival rates were analyzed retrospectively. Of all patients, 31.1% were luminal A subtype, 30.4% luminal B (high Ki‐67), 13.1% luminal B (Her2/neu+), 9.0% Her2/neu and 16.5% triple negative subtype. Luminal B (high Ki‐67) presented primarily in premenopausal patients with the lowest average age (43.0 years). Her2/neu positive tumors were more closely associated with aggressive features including increased tumor size, positive lymph node status and lymphvascular invasion (LVI). Triple negative subtype was characterized by poorer histologic grade. Her2/neu positive cases had presented the worst 5‐year disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Multivariate analyses of OS and DFS suggested that there were different negative prognostic factors for the five subtypes. The benefit of the cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5‐fluorouracil (5FU) (CMF) regimen was equal to that of anthracycline‐based and Taxane‐based regimens for patients with luminal A subtype and triple negative subtype, but inferior to anthracycline‐based and Taxane‐based regimens for those with two luminal B subtypes and Her2/neu subtype. The prognostic significance of traditional markers may differ among subtypes. This study revealed the distinct clinicopathologic characteristics, systemic therapy benefits, prognostic factors and survival rate among different breast cancer subtypes.
Experimentally induced psoriatic lesion associates with interleukin (IL)-6 in mast cells and appearance of dermal cells expressing IL-33 and IL-6 receptor
Authors: Suttle M-M , Nilsson G , Snellman E , Harvima I T 
Published: May 2012

Summary
Mast cells are involved in the development of psoriatic lesion, but it is not known how mast cells are activated or whether mast cell cytokines are expressed during the lesion development. In this study, the Köbner reaction was induced in uninvolved psoriatic skin of 18 patients using the tape-stripping technique, and a sequence of biopsies was collected at 0 days, 2 h and 3 days or at 0 days, 1 day and 7 days for histochemical analysis. Eight patients developed the Köbner reaction verified at the follow-up visit 2–2·5 weeks later. No significant differences were observed in total tryptase+ mast cells, psoriasis area and severity index and age/sex. Instead, the percentage of tryptase+ mast cells showing interleukin (IL)-6 immunoreactivity was significantly higher in biopsies from Köbner-positive patients than in those from Köbner-negative patients. IL-33 is a known inducer of IL-6 in mast cells, and the number of IL-33+ cells increased significantly in Köbner-positive dermal skin at days 3–7. The number of dermal cells with IL-6 receptor (IL-6R, CD126) also increased in Köbner-positive skin at days 3–7. Unexpectedly, the number of IL-6R+ cells was even higher in Köbner-negative skin at days 3–7. In the chronic plaque of 10 other psoriatic patients, the numbers of IL-6+ mast cells and dermal cells showing IL-6R were higher than those in the non-lesional skin. In conclusion, the positive Köbner reaction is associated with IL-6 in mast cells and appearance of IL-6R+ and IL-33+ dermal cells. This suggests that a previously unrecognized vicious circle may develop in the early psoriatic lesion.
Germline transformation of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L., using the piggyBac transposable element
Authors: Martins S. , Naish N. , Walker A. S. , Morrison N. I. , Scaife S. , Fu G. , Dafa'alla T. , Alphey L. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, is one of the most economically important agricultural pests. The larvae of this moth cause damage by feeding on the foliage of cruciferous vegetables such as cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower and rapeseed. Control generally comprises chemical treatment; however, the diamondback moth is renowned for rapid development of resistance to pesticides. Other methods, such as biological control, have not been able to provide adequate protection. Germline transformation of pest insects has become available in recent years as an enabling technology for new genetics‐based control methods, such as the Release of Insects carrying a Dominant Lethal (RIDL®). In the present study, we report the first transformation of the diamondback moth, using the piggyBac transposable element, by embryo microinjection. In generating transgenic strains using four different constructs, the function of three regulatory sequences in this moth was demonstrated in driving expression of fluorescent proteins. The transformation rates achieved, 0.48–0.68%, are relatively low compared with those described in other Lepidoptera, but not prohibitive, and are likely to increase with experience. We anticipate that germline transformation of the diamondback moth will permit the development of RIDL strains for use against this pest and facilitate the wider use of this species as a model organism for basic studies.
Population studies of native grass‐endophyte symbioses provide clues for the roles of host jumps and hybridization in driving their evolution
Authors: CRAVEN K. D. 
Published: May 2012

Fungal endophytes in the genera Epichloë and Neotyphodium, collectively termed the epichloae, have fascinated biologists for decades. These intriguing fungi, also referred to as ‘class 1 or clavicipitaceous endophytes’, spend the large majority, or even their entire life cycle, within the tissues of their cool‐season grass hosts without eliciting any symptoms of infection. While all epichloae reside within the intercellular spaces of aboveground vegetative grass tissues, the species at the symbiotic extreme are known as Neotyphodium, and the intimacy of their interaction extends to the reproductive (flowering) stage. At this point, fungal filaments (hyphae) nondestructively invade the developing ovaries of their host and are incorporated into perfectly viable, healthy seeds. Thus, these endophytes live solely within the tissues of their host plants and are transmitted maternally from generation to generation. A second life history characteristic of interest is that while all Epichloë and some Neotyphodium species are haploid, a great many of the strictly seed‐transmitted Neotyphodium spp. are interspecific hybrids. This phenomenon may be critical for the success of these symbioses over longer spans of evolutionary time and will be discussed in greater detail below. A third characteristic, and one of the primary reasons these grass endophytes have received so much attention over the last three decades, is the strong mutualistic nature these relationships often exhibit. In exchange for photosynthetically derived carbon, the endophytes protect their cool‐season grass hosts from grazing herbivores and a variety of abiotic stresses. It has been hypothesized that these three biological phenomena are related (Schardl & Craven 2003), perhaps with the former two driving the third, and it is here that the recent article in Molecular Ecology entitled ‘Genetic diversity in epichloid endophytes of Hordelymus europaeus suggests repeated host jumps and interspecific hybridizations’, by Oberhofer & Leuchtmann (2012), provides critical clues to linking these traits together. While the large majority of studies have focused on documenting the ever‐increasing list of mutualistic qualities attributed to these fungi, very few have taken an exhaustive population‐level approach to document plant and endophyte genotypes within a naturally occurring system (Faeth et al. 2010; Jani et al. 2010; Tintjer & Rudgers 2006). Such information is crucial to more fully elucidate the factors shaping grass‐endophyte symbioses and those often driving these relationships to mutualistic extremes.
Crossing the divide: gene flow produces intergeneric hybrid in feral transgenic creeping bentgrass population
Authors: ZAPIOLA MARÍA L. , MALLORY‐SMITH CAROL A. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractGene flow is the most frequently expressed public concern related to the deregulation of transgenic events (Snow 2002; Ellstrand 2003). However, assessing the potential for transgene escape is complex because it depends on the opportunities for unintended gene flow, and establishment and persistence of the transgene in the environment (Warwick et al. 2008). Creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.), a turfgrass species widely used on golf courses, has been genetically engineered to be resistant to glyphosate, a nonselective herbicide. Outcrossing species, such as creeping bentgrass (CB), which have several compatible species, have greater chances for gene escape and spontaneous hybridization (i.e. natural, unassisted sexual reproduction between taxa in the field), which challenges transgene containment. Several authors have emphasized the need for evidence of spontaneous hybridization to infer the potential for gene flow (Armstrong et al. 2005). Here we report that a transgenic intergeneric hybrid has been produced as result of spontaneous hybridization of a feral‐regulated transgenic pollen receptor (CB) and a nontransgenic pollen donor (rabbitfoot grass, RF, Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf.). We identified an off‐type transgenic seedling and confirmed it to be CB × RF intergeneric hybrid. This first report of a transgenic intergeneric hybrid produced in situ with a regulated transgenic event demonstrates the importance of considering all possible avenues for transgene spread at the landscape level before planting a regulated transgenic crop in the field. Spontaneous hybridization adds a level of complexity to transgene monitoring, containment, mitigation and remediation programmes.
AFLP genome scans suggest divergent selection on colour patterning in allopatric colour morphs of a cichlid fish
Authors: MATTERSDORFER KARIN , KOBLMÜLLER STEPHAN , SEFC KRISTINA M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractGenome scan‐based tests for selection are directly applicable to natural populations to study the genetic and evolutionary mechanisms behind phenotypic differentiation. We conducted AFLP genome scans in three distinct geographic colour morphs of the cichlid fish Tropheus moorii to assess whether the extant, allopatric colour pattern differentiation can be explained by drift and to identify markers mapping to genomic regions possibly involved in colour patterning. The tested morphs occupy adjacent shore sections in southern Lake Tanganyika and are separated from each other by major habitat barriers. The genome scans revealed significant genetic structure between morphs, but a very low proportion of loci fixed for alternative AFLP alleles in different morphs. This high level of polymorphism within morphs suggested that colour pattern differentiation did not result exclusively from neutral processes. Outlier detection methods identified six loci with excess differentiation in the comparison between a bluish and a yellow‐blotch morph and five different outlier loci in comparisons of each of these morphs with a red morph. As population expansions and the genetic structure of Tropheus make the outlier approach prone to false‐positive signals of selection, we examined the correlation between outlier locus alleles and colour phenotypes in a genetic and phenotypic cline between two morphs. Distributions of allele frequencies at one outlier locus were indeed consistent with linkage to a colour locus. Despite the challenges posed by population structure and demography, our results encourage the cautious application of genome scans to studies of divergent selection in subdivided and recently expanded populations.
Quantitative proteomic analysis of intracytoplasmic membrane development in Rhodobacter sphaeroides
Authors: Jackson Philip J. , Lewis Hilary J. , Tucker Jaimey D. , Hunter C. Neil , Dickman Mark J. 
Published: May 2012

SummaryThe purple phototrophic bacteria elaborate a specialized intracytoplasmic membrane (ICM) system for the conversion of solar energy to ATP. Previous radiolabelling and ultrastructural experiments have shown that ICM assembly in Rhodobacter sphaeroides is initiated at indentations of the cytoplasmic membrane, termed UPB. Here, we report proteomic analyses of precursor (UPB) and mature (ICM) fractions. Qualitative data identified 387 proteins, only 43 of which were found in the ICM, reflecting its specialized role within the cell, the conversion of light into chemical energy; 236 proteins were found in the significantly more complex UPB proteome. Metabolic labelling was used to quantify the relative distribution of 173 proteins between the UPB and ICM fractions. Quantification reveals new information on assembly of the RC‐LH1‐PufX, ATP synthase and NAD(P)H transhydrogenase complexes, as well as showing that the UPB is enriched in enzymes for lipid, carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, tetrapyrrole biosynthesis and proteins representing a wide range of other metabolic and biosynthetic functions. Proteins involved in light harvesting, photochemistry, electron transport and ATP synthesis are all enriched in ICM, consistent with the spatial proximity of energy capturing and transducing functions. These data provide further support to the developmental precursor–product relationship between UPB and ICM.
Disruption of gallbladder smooth muscle function is an early feature in the development of cholesterol gallstone disease
Authors: Lavoie B. , Nausch B. , Zane E. A. , Leonard M. R. , Balemba O. B. , Bartoo A. C. , Wilcox R. , Nelson M. T. , Carey M. C. , Mawe G. M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackground  Decreased gallbladder smooth muscle (GBSM) contractility is a hallmark of cholesterol gallstone disease, but the interrelationship between lithogenicity, biliary stasis, and inflammation are poorly understood. We studied a mouse model of gallstone disease to evaluate the development of GBSM dysfunction relative to changes in bile composition and the onset of sterile cholecystitis.Methods  BALB/cJ mice were fed a lithogenic diet for up to 8 weeks, and tension generated by gallbladder muscle strips was measured. Smooth muscle Ca2+ transients were imaged in intact gallbladder.Key Results  Lipid composition of bile was altered lithogenically as early as 1 week, with increased hydrophobicity and cholesterol saturation indexes; however, inflammation was not detectable until the fourth week. Agonist‐induced contractility was reduced from weeks 2 through 8. GBSM normally exhibits rhythmic synchronized Ca2+ flashes, and their frequency is increased by carbachol (3 μm). After 1 week, lithogenic diet‐fed mice exhibited disrupted Ca2+ flash activity, manifesting as clustered flashes, asynchronous flashes, or prolonged quiescent periods. These changes could lead to a depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores, which are required for agonist‐induced contraction, and diminished basal tone of the organ. Responsiveness of Ca2+ transients to carbachol was reduced in mice on the lithogenic diet, particularly after 4–8 weeks, concomitant with appearance of mucosal inflammatory changes.Conclusions & Inferences  These observations demonstrate that GBSM dysfunction is an early event in the progression of cholesterol gallstone disease and that it precedes mucosal inflammation.
Tapping natural variation at functional level reveals allele specific molecular characteristics of potato invertase Pain‐1
Authors: DRAFFEHN ASTRID M. , DUREK PAWEL , NUNES‐NESI ADRIANO , STICH BENJAMIN , FERNIE ALISDAIR R. , GEBHARDT CHRISTIANE 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTBiochemical, molecular and genetic studies emphasize the role of the potato vacuolar invertase Pain‐1 in the accumulation of reducing sugars in potato tubers upon cold storage, and thereby its influence on the quality of potato chips and French fries. Previous studies showed that natural Pain‐1 cDNA alleles were associated with better chip quality and higher tuber starch content. In this study, we focused on the functional characterization of these alleles. A genotype‐dependent transient increase of total Pain‐1 transcript levels in cold‐stored tubers of six different genotypes as well as allele‐specific expression patterns were detected. 3D modelling revealed putative structural differences between allelic Pain‐1 proteins at the molecule's surface and at the substrate binding site. Furthermore, the yeast SUC2 mutant was complemented with Pain‐1 cDNA alleles and enzymatic parameters of the heterologous expressed proteins were measured at 30 and 4 °C. Significant differences between the alleles were detected. The observed functional differences between Pain‐1 alleles did not permit final conclusions on the mechanism of their association with tuber quality traits. Our results show that natural allelic variation at the functional level is present in potato, and that the heterozygous genetic background influences the manifestation of this variation.
Epidemiology of dermatophytosis in junior combat and non‐combat sports participants
Authors: Döğen Aylin , Gümral Ramazan , Öksüz Zehra , Kaplan Engin , Serin Mehmet Sami , İlkit Macit 
Published: May 2012

SummaryParticipation in competitive sports is popular and widely encouraged worldwide. Herein, we investigated 252 male and 67 female sports players, aged 16.4 ± 1.3 years, active in 15 different types of combat (n = 143) and non‐combat (n = 176) sports. Of the 319 participants in this study, 11 (3.5%) players, including six wrestlers, four football players and one handball player, all of whom were men, harboured dermatophytic fungi. Briefly, Trichophyton tonsurans was present in three athletes, who were scalp carriers of the fungus. Furthermore, T. rubrum (4), T. interdigitale (3) and Arthroderma simii (1) were recovered from eight participants with tinea inguinalis (4), tinea pedis (2) or both (1). One patient was a trunk carrier of concomitant tinea pedis. All dermatophytic fungi were identified using both direction sequence of the rDNA regions spanning the internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) and 5.8 rRNA gene. Although sports‐active individuals are active and sweat more, we observed a low prevalence of dermatophytosis, both in combat (5.2%) and non‐combat sports participants (3.4%) (P > 0.05). However, dermatophyte infections require more attention and appropriate management to eradicate the infection and to prevent possible outbreaks. This study also documents the first case of zoophilic A. simii in Turkey.
Northern Territory Emergency Response: Criticism, support and redesign
Authors: Evans Brendon W. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe recent Federal Government Report and Media release, Stronger Futures in the Northern Territory: Report on Consultations and its claim of ‘widespread Indigenous Support’ has brought the topic of the Northern Territory Emergency Response (the Intervention) back into the public mind. This article provides a synthesis of four years of debate around the Northern Territory Emergency Response, at a time when the program is nearing the end of its time frame. It outlines the main arguments supporting the Intervention, the central criticisms and the government's response to these evaluations, with the aim of providing a primer or summary for health professionals to the discussion around this important public issue.
Trade‐off between local access and safety considerations in childbirth: Rural Tasmanian women's perspectives
Authors: Hoang Ha , Le Quynh 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjectives:  This study investigates: (i) Tasmanian rural women's preferences for different models of intrapartum care; (ii) their preferences for travel time to safe delivery; and (iii) factors which influence these preferences.Design:  Mixed‐methods study using a survey questionnaire and semistructured interviews was adopted. A questionnaire explored women's preferences for different models of care and preferred travel time. Interviews were conducted to validate the survey results and provide insightful information on their preferences on the models of care. Women who have had rural childbirth experiences from six Tasmanian rural communities were invited to participate in the study.Results:  Two hundred and ten women completed the questionnaire with a response rate of 35%. Twenty‐two follow‐up interviews were conducted. The survey found that women preferred to give birth in a hospital setting to homebirth despite having to travel for two hours. Midwifery‐led care with one hour travel time was the second preferred model of care. Women were willing to travel to access the regional hospital but within limit. Their preferences suggest that women have to trade‐off between local access and safety considerations. The interviews validate the survey results. Three main themes emerged from the interview data namely (i) safety; (ii) distance from hospital; and (iii) type of delivery. Their preferences were associated with their maternal care experiences in the past.Conclusion:  In order to achieve the maternity services that are woman centred and respond to the needs and preferences of women, the service design and provision should take into account these women's preferences.