bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Successful Deployments of a New Well-Intervention Methodology in Horizontal Wellbores
Authors: Hansen Henning , Wilberg Terje K. , Stokkeland Kaj , Male Peter T. , Kluth Richard J. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
This paper describes and demonstrates how a patented new wellbore intervention solution can be deployed in long horizontal wells holding Fibre Optic Sensing devices including DTS (distributed temperature sensing), Point Pressure and Motion sensors performing logging services to evaluate the Inflow Performance along the reservoir sections. The paper also provides a description of the intervention system with a short introduction on how the final system emerged from the idea stage. Also, we provide two Case Histories - a horizontal oil producer with 2-phase flow, and horizontal water injector. The planning- and operational execution phases are briefly described. The paper closes with a brief conclusion of what has been achieved and what more this technology may be able to in the near future. The methodology describes can be seen as a 3rd wellbore intervention method, in addition to coiled tubing (CT) and wireline.
Nonexplosive Tubing Cutter for Safe, Efficient Pipe Recovery Operations
Authors: Campbell Scott , Carter Brian , Amiel Jean-Paul 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Pipe recovery is extremely important in modern well intervention programs. Tubing can become stuck in a wellbore for a variety of reasons, requiring the operator to determine the location of the stuck point and to subsequently conduct a back-off or cutting operation. These operations allow removal of "free" sections of tubing, giving the operator greater access to remaining sections using more robust fishing equipment. Conventional cutting devices have safety, operational, and logistical drawbacks. Chemical cutters use harsh, corrosive chemicals that require trained / certified operators and special storage – handling procedures. Jet cutters use explosives to sever pipe, leaving a flared and sometimes difficult fishing profile. Explosives require licensed operators and storage facilities and can be difficult to transport globally.
A new development in pipe recovery methods is the motorized cutting tool (MCT). The MCT provides the industry with a reliable and safe alternative to explosive and chemical cutting devices. It is an efficient single run solution, whether requiring single or multiple cuts. The non-explosive and compact cutter addresses these challenges; providing a tool that improves performance and efficiency while eliminating safety concerns. Globally transported in a moment's notice, the surface monitoring capability provides the only system in the industry capable of verifying the cut during the operation. The unique design of the tool enables making cuts with the tubing in either tension or compression.
In this paper, the authors will review the basic design and construction of the MCT. They will go on to describe the various operations performed; ranging from single cuts to multiple cuts in one trip, various tubing sizes, tubing in compression or tension. Following this, they will go on to conclude how this system has demonstrated efficiency improvements while eliminating safety concerns compared to existing pipe recovery methods.
Safety and Operations Measures Taken by One Company to Conduct Onshore Rigless Critical Well Intervention Operations in Water, Oil, and Gas Wells
Authors: Al Jubran Hasan H. , Al Bu Hassan Shaker A. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Saudi Aramco has developed over years high standard safety guidelines and rules governing any well intervention in all types of wells. Also, the company has developed Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) for all well intervention operations using slickline, E-line and Coiled Tubing. These safety and operating standards are being reviewed and revised as required.
In this paper we will share with you these standards and guidelines as well as their impact on all successful well intervention jobs we have done so far. The paper also will highlight some important case histories where these standards and guidelines were successfully implemented.
Lessons Learned From Magnolia Thru-Tubing Recompletions Using Coiled Tubing
Authors: Fleming Gavin , Marti Srinagesh K. , Kartika Ign 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
ConocoPhillips is developing the Magnolia field with a Tension Leg Platform (TLP) in 4,674 ft of water at Garden Banks blocks 783-784 in the Gulf of Mexico. The field consists of an extended tension leg platform containing full processing capability with oil and gas export pipelines. To date the field has produced 35 million barrels of oil equivalent. The base development plan includes both rig and thru-tubing operations. Since first oil in December 2004 eight thru-tubing operations with coil tubing have been conducted on the platform. Included in this work were two thru-tubing fracpack recompletions.
This paper will review the objectives, design considerations, execution results and lessons learned from the two thru-tubing recompletion projects using coil tubing. Some of the major challenges that had to be addressed for the operation involved coiled tubing and wire line operations in the deep, high angle wellbores, gravel pack screen selection and qualification testing, thru-tubing perforating and coiled tubing screen deployment challenges.
The results from both wells will be discussed. The first thru-tubing recompletion had to be abandoned due to inability to washout sand fill and gravel pack screen movement. The lessons learned from the operations on this well were applied to the second recompletion with very successful results. A special gun loading scheme was used for thru-tubing perforating to maximize entry hole for gravel pack completion and minimize near wellbore issues during the frac-pack operation. The methods, procedures, equipment and fluids used to improve wash out operations in high deviation and wide range of IDs will be shared. A down hole video camera was used to inspect a locked out safety valve and perform casing and packer inspection for integrity. Changes have been made to the gravel pack release tool based on results from the first well. The need for proper centralization and use of an indexing tool to improve reliability of thru-tubing retainers in deviated wellbores has been identified. A total of 19 key learning have been identified that will be provided. These lessons learned and best practices developed for thru-tubing recompletions will be shared. These will be invaluable to all future Magnolia and other deep water well work over operations.
Memory-Enabled Pulsed-Neutron Logging Tool Reduces Cased-Hole Formation Evaluation and Diagnostic Costs
Authors: Campbell Scott , Carter Brian , Amiel Jean Paul 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Over the life of a reservoir, it is often necessary to perform monitoring operations on producing wells to verify reservoir dynamics, for example fluid contacts or fluid movement behind pipe. As the wells are produced, a change in depth of the fluid contacts provides information about the capacity of the well to continue producing hydrocarbons over time. Fluid movement behind pipe can be indicative of serious well integrity issues that often lead to costly unplanned interventions.
Pulsed neutron tools are ideal for performing these monitoring operations because they measure sensitive volumes behind the pipe; they operate in a wide range of formation and borehole salinities and are capable of locating bypassed pay zones where previous open hole data was either unreliable or non-existent.Until now, these tools have required the use of a Wireline unit to provide power, conveyance and a means to collect the data on surface. The footprint of a Wireline unit can be quite large, many times necessitating the use of third-party vessels to transport or house the Wireline unit during the logging operation. Mobilization of these assets can be costly and time consuming, complicating the decision making process and deferring production.
New and unique power management technology allows the Pulsed Neutron Decay – Spectrum tool (MPND-S) to operate safely and efficiently in memory mode on battery power, eliminating the need for a Wireline unit or Wireline. It can be conveyed on slickline, coiled tubing, or even Wireline, reducing the costs associated with mobilizing additional heavy assets. It can also be quickly deployed to remote locations, simplifying logistics, minimizing operating time and increasing safety.
In this paper, the authors will review the design and construction of the MPND-S. They will describe various operations that have been performed and how the system has demonstrated improvements in efficiency and safety when compared to standard industry technology.
Green Market Geography: The Spatial Clustering of Hybrid Vehicles and LEED Registered Buildings
Authors: Kahn Matthew E , Vaughn Ryan K. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
This paper uses zip code level data to investigate the spatial distribution of two major "green" products. Using data from California, we document where hybrid vehicles cluster within the state. Using data for the entire nation, we study where LEED registered buildings cluster. By creating a novel measure of community environmentalism based on revealed preference political data, we document that green products cluster in environmentalist communities.
Dietary Fat Intake and Cognitive Decline in Women With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Devore Elizabeth E. , Stampfer Meir J. , Breteler Monique M.B. , Rosner Bernard , Hee Kang Jae , Okereke Olivia , Hu Frank B. , Grodstein Francine 
Published: March 2009

OBJECTIVE
Individuals with type 2 diabetes have high risk of late-life cognitive impairment, yet little is known about strategies to modify risk. Targeting insulin resistance and vascular complications—both associated with cognitive decline—may be a productive approach. We investigated whether dietary fat, which modulates glucose and lipid metabolism, might influence cognitive decline in older adults with diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Beginning in 1995–1999, we evaluated cognitive function in 1,486 Nurses' Health Study participants, aged ≥70 years, with type 2 diabetes; second evaluations were conducted 2 years later. Dietary fat intake was assessed regularly beginning in 1980; we considered average intake from 1980 (at midlife) through initial cognitive interview and also after diabetes diagnosis. We used multivariate-adjusted linear regression models to obtain mean differences in cognitive decline across tertiles of fat intake.

RESULTS
Higher intakes of saturated and trans fat since midlife, and lower polyunsaturated to saturated fat ratio, were each highly associated with worse cognitive decline in these women. On a global score averaging all six cognitive tests, mean decline among women in the highest trans fat tertile was 0.15 standard units worse than that among women in the lowest tertile (95% CI −0.24 to −0.06, P = 0.002); this mean difference was comparable with the difference we find in women 7 years apart in age. Results were similar when we analyzed diet after diabetes diagnosis.

CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that lower intakes of saturated and trans fat and higher intake of polyunsaturated fat relative to saturated fat may reduce cognitive decline in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Pathophysiology and genetic factors in moyamoya disease
Authors: Achrol Achal S. , Guzman Raphael , Lee Marco , Steinberg Gary K. 
Published: March 2009

Moyamoya disease is an uncommon cerebrovascular condition characterized by progressive stenosis of the bilateral internal carotid arteries with compensatory formation of an abnormal network of perforating blood vessels providing collateral circulation.
The etiology and pathogenesis of moyamoya disease remain unclear. Evidence from histological studies, proteomics, and endothelial progenitor cell analyses suggests new theories underlying the cause of vascular anomalies, including moyamoya disease.
Familial moyamoya disease has been noted in as many as 15% of patients, indicating an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern with incomplete penetrance. Genetic analyses in familial moyamoya disease and genome-wide association studies represent promising strategies for elucidating the pathophysiology of this condition.
In this review, the authors discuss recent studies that have investigated possible mechanisms underlying the etiology of moyamoya disease, including stem cell involvement and genetic factors. They also discuss future research directions that promise not only to offer new insights into the origin of moyamoya disease but to enhance our understanding of new vessel formation in the CNS as it relates to stroke, vascular anomalies, and tumor growth.
Wildtierökonomik – Analyse der Wildtierbewirtschaftung in der Schweiz (Essay) | Wildlife economics – An analysis of wild animal management in Switzerland (essay)
Authors: Liebig Lars 
Published: March 2009

Wildlife economics is a special way of thinking in which theoretically accepted and empirically founded models form the basis. Such make it possible to convert the wildlife/forest conflict situation into a man-to-man conflict. These models are tied up with specific conditions. As long as these are accepted, and on the basis of the analysis results, statements on the creation of institutional and organisational frameworks for wildlife management can be formulated, without being obliged to include the density of the animal population.
The wildlife population is more often than not managed in common by various management groups. In a market characterized by competitiveness, all wildlife management interests can be integrated into the models of those who hunt as a leisure time activity and those of the land owners interested in a maximum profit. When the leisure time hunter and the land owner are not one and the same person, the optimal wildlife densities for the individuals concerned are always different. Conflicts of interest in shared management result from an unequal level of information between the principals concerned and a lack of feasibility in observing whether, during the phase of carrying out the contract, the partners have fulfilled their contractual obligations. Under these conditions, and if one accepts that the current animal population cannot be monitored, self-implementing agreements between leisure time hunters and land owners, as an institutional organisational arrangement, offer a possibility for settling conflicts. In order to be able to introduce such a model of wild animal management in Switzerland, the right to hunt would have to be associated with land ownership. Such a new ruling within the institutions would offer the possibility for the people directly concerned, that is to say the land owners and the hunters, to be able to settle between themselves conflicts connected with the management of wildlife, for example when wild animals cause damage.
Quantitative Abnormalities of Peripheral Blood Distinct T, B, and Natural Killer Cell Subsets and Clinical Findings in Obstetric Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Authors: CARBONE JAVIER , GALLEGO ANTONIO , LANIO NALLIBE , NAVARRO JOAQUIN , ORERA MARIA , AGUARON ANGEL , FERNANDEZ-CRUZ EDUARDO , SARMIENTO ELIZABETH 
Published: March 2009

Objetive.Few studies have assessed immunophenotypic abnormalities on lymphocyte subsets in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). We performed an extended immunological study to define alterations of distinct T, B, and natural killer (NK) cell subsets in obstetric patients with APS and their relationship with APS–associated complications.Methods.Patients and controls: 36 women with APS [Sydney criteria, Group A1 without thrombosis (n = 26), Group A2 with thrombosis (n = 10)]; and 36 age matched women with recurrent abortion without antiphospholipid antibodies (disease controls; Group B), 36 healthy parous women (healthy controls; Group C), and 36 healthy nonparous women (healthy controls; Group D). Thrombotic events occurred after history of abortions in all A2 women. Three-color whole-blood flow cytometry was used to characterize the distinct immunophenotypes.Results.A1 patients had significantly higher percentages of CD4+CD45RA–CCR7+ central memory cells (A1 vs D), higher percentages of activated CD4+CD25+ T cells (A1 vs D), and lower percentages and absolute counts of CD4+CD45RA–CCR7– effector memory cells (A1 vs D). GroupA2 patients had higher percentages and absolute numbers of CD19+CD27–IgD+ naive B cells (A2 vs A1 vs all controls), lower percentages and absolute numbers of CD3–CD56+CD16+ NK cells (A2 vs all controls), and higher percentages of activated CD4+DR+ (A2 vs all controls), CD8+DR+ (A2 vs A1 vs C vs D), CD4+CD38+DR+ (A2 vs D), and CD4+CD25+DR+ T cells (A2 vs all controls). Increased percentages of CD8+DR+ T cells [relative risk (RR) 2.43, 95% CI 1.09–5.44, p = 0.02] and of naive B cells (RR 3.05, 95% CI 1.30–7.11, p = 0.009) were associated with development of thrombosis.Conclusion.In obstetric patients with APS we documented significant changes in T, B, and NK cell homeostasis. Increased levels of CD8+DR+ and CD19+CD27–IgD+ cells might identify obstetric patients with APS at risk of having thrombosis.
Conversion of Carbon Dioxide into Methanol with Silanes over N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysts
Authors: Riduan Siti Nurhanna , Zhang Yugen , Ying Jackie Y. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAktivieren und reduzieren: Kohlendioxid wurde unter milden Bedingungen in Gegenwart eines stabilen N‐heterocyclischen Carbens mit einem Silan zu Methanol reduziert. Als Ausgangsmaterial kann auch trockene Luft dienen. Der Organokatalysator ist in diesem Prozess zur chemischen CO2‐Aktivierung und ‐Fixierung viel effizienter als Übergangsmetallkatalysatoren.magnified image
Schooling Behavior of Light‐Powered Autonomous Micromotors in Water
Authors: Ibele Michael , Mallouk Thomas E. , Sen Ayusman 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA new school of thought: Micrometer‐sized silver chloride (AgCl) particles (red) in deionized water move under UV illumination by self‐diffusiophoresis (see picture). Each AgCl particle secretes ions to which the other particles respond, and they are observed to “school” into regions with higher concentrations of particles. Photo‐inactive silica particles (blue) also respond to the chemical secretion by swimming towards and surrounding individual AgCl particles.magnified image
Inside Cover: Perfluoropentaphenylborole (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 16/2009)
Authors: Fan Cheng , Piers Warren E. , Parvez Masood 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPerfluoroaryl boranes are an important class of organometallic Lewis acids. The synthesis of perfluorinated compounds brings special challenges to tried‐and‐true synthetic methodologies. In their Communication on page 2955 ff., W. E. Piers and co‐workers present the synthesis of a new, fully fluorinated heterocyclic borane that is also a member of the rare antiaromatic borole class of compounds. The route relies on normally facile transmetallation reactions made more difficult by the electron‐withdrawing C6F5 groups of the target product.magnified image
Occurrence of killer whales in Scottish inshore waters: temporal and spatial patterns relative to the distribution of declining harbour seal populations
Authors: Bolt Harriet E. , Harvey Paul V. , Mandleberg Laura , Foote Andrew. D. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Sightings of killer whales around Shetland were recorded between 1991 and 2006 and for the whole of Scotland for 2007. The data were used to investigate temporal patterns in killer whale occurrence around Shetland and spatial patterns in occurrence around Scotland.
There was a strong seasonal peak in sightings around Shetland during June–July, coinciding with the harbour seal pupping season.
There was no clear trend in annual sightings around Shetland between 1991 and 2006.
Killer whales were sighted most frequently around Shetland and the Pentland Firth as well as around Mull and the Treshnish Isles.
These findings are discussed in terms of potential impacts upon local declining harbour seal populations and future research requirements.
Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Juvenile dermatomyositis calcifications selectively displayed markers of bone formation
Authors: Urganus Annette L. , Zhao Yong‐dong , Pachman Lauren M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the presence of small integrin‐binding ligand N‐linked glycoprotein (SIBLING) and bone components in juvenile dermatomyositis (DM) pathologic calcifications.MethodsCalcifications were removed from 4 girls with juvenile DM symptoms for mean ± SD 36.9 ± 48.3 months and were stained for SIBLING proteins: full‐length osteopontin (OPN), bone sialoprotein (BSP), dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1), dentin phosphoprotein (DPP), and matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE); bone markers: osteocalcin (OC), core‐binding factor α 1 (CBFα1), and alkaline phosphatase (AP) for osteoblasts; tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) for osteoclasts; and the mineral regulators osteonectin (ON) and matrix Gla protein (MGP). The deposit center, periphery, adjacent connective tissue, and vascular endothelial cells were examined.ResultsAlizarin red stained calcified deposits that did not localize with collagen, like bone, under polarized light. Hematoxylin and eosin stain revealed a paucity of connective tissue and absence of bone‐like structures. The deposits, connective tissue, and vascular endothelial cells were positive for BSP, DPP, DMP1, and AP; MEPE was not detected. OC, ON, and MGP were present in the deposits and vascular endothelial cells; OPN and CBFα1 were present in deposits and connective tissue. TRAP‐positive osteoclasts were localized to the calcification periphery.ConclusionThe disorganized juvenile DM calcifications differ in structure, composition, and protein content from bone, suggesting that they may not form through an osteogenic pathway. Osteoclasts at the deposit surface represent an attempt to initiate its resolution.
Absence of a classically activated macrophage cytokine signature in peripheral spondylarthritis, including psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Vandooren Bernard , Noordenbos Troy , Ambarus Carmen , Krausz Sarah , Cantaert Tineke , Yeremenko Nataliya , Boumans Maartje , Lutter Rene , Tak Paul P. , Baeten Dominique 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectivePeripheral spondylarthritis (SpA) is characterized by macrophages that express CD163, a marker of alternative activation (M2). The purpose of this study was to assess whether this differential infiltration with macrophage subsets was associated with a different local inflammatory milieu in SpA as compared with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsThe effect of SpA and RA synovial fluid (SF) on macrophage polarization was tested in vitro on normal peripheral blood monocytes. SF levels of classically activated macrophage (M1)–derived and alternatively activated macrophage (M2)–derived mediators were analyzed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and multiparameter Luminex bead assay in 47 patients with non‐psoriatic SpA, 55 with RA, and 15 with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Paired synovial biopsy samples were analyzed histologically.ResultsSF from SpA patients promoted preferential expression of the M2 markers CD163 and CD200R in vitro, even if SF levels of the prototypical M2‐polarizing factors (interleukin‐4 [IL‐4], IL‐13, and IL‐10) were not increased as compared with those in RA SF. Despite a similar degree of overall joint inflammation in SpA and RA, SpA synovitis displayed strongly reduced SF levels of M1‐derived, but not M2‐derived, mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), IL‐1β, IL‐12p70, and interferon‐γ–inducible protein 10. SF levels of M1‐derived mediators correlated well with peripheral joint inflammation in RA, but neither these mediators nor IL‐1α and IL‐17 did so in SpA. Of interest, the SF cytokine profile in PsA, a more destructive subtype of SpA, was similar to that in non‐psoriatic SpA.ConclusionThe local inflammatory milieu is clearly different in SpA as compared with RA peripheral arthritis. Synovitis in SpA, including that in PsA, is characterized by a selective decrease in M1‐derived proinflammatory mediators, such as TNFα and IL‐1β.