bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robust quantum federated learning with noise
Authors: Chen Liangjun , Yan Lili , Zhang Shibin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Federated learning is a decentralized machine learning approach where multiple participants collaboratively train machine learning models. With the development of quantum computing, there has been significant potential in the integration of quantum computing and federated learning. However, existing research has demonstrated that, similar to classical federated learning models, quantum federated learning models also face various security threats and privacy leakage issues. This paper proposes a quantum federated learning model based on quantum noise. Adding quantum noise to the model not only addresses privacy leakage, but also enhances the model robustness, effectively resists adversarial attacks. Specifically, extensive numerical simulations are conducted using various datasets to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results reveal a more pronounced variation in robust training in high-dimensional datasets compared to low-dimensional datasets. Furthermore, the impact of noise intensity on model robustness is explored. Experimental demonstrate that a small amount of quantum noise does not have a significant impact on accuracy, and as the noise increases, the robustness of the model also improves. Finally, three different types of quantum noise were used for robustness testing in the paper to analyze the impact of quantum noise on the robustness of quantum machine learning models. The abundant experimental results have verified that the noise can improve the security of distributed quantum machine learning.
Modeling specific capacitance of carbon nanotube-based supercapacitor electrodes by machine learning algorithms
Authors: Tawfik Wael Z , Abdel-Wahab Mohamed Sh , Lee June Key , Al-Enizi Abdullah M , Youssef Rasha Y 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have emerged as promising materials for supercapacitors (SCs) due to their unique properties and exceptional electrical conductivity. These cylindrical structures composed of carbon atoms offer several advantages for SC electrode applications. The electrochemical performance of CNT-based electrodes is strongly influenced by factors such as surface area, pore structure, and ID/IG ratio. However, the lack of a credible physical model capable of accurately predicting the performance of SCs based on these physicochemical properties of CNTs poses a challenge. In this study, we propose the utilization of a data-driven approach employing various models including a gradient boosting regression (GBR), Bayesian regression (BR), ridge regression (RR), and stochastic gradient descent (SGD) model to predict the performance of SCs with CNT electrodes based on the microstructural properties of the electrode material and electrochemical operational parameters. The developed GBR model demonstrates its feasibility by achieving a low root mean square error (RMSE) value of approximately 36.31 for the prediction of specific capacitance for test split. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to investigate the influence of independent input parameters on a single output parameter, specifically the specific capacitance. This analysis provides insights into the relative importance and impact of various input parameters on the specific capacitance of CNT-based SCs.
Wear and corrosion resistance of Al2O3 and TiC deposition on steel substrate using self- propagating high temperature synthesis method
Authors: Akhil U V , Radhika N , Jeyaprakash N , Ramkumar T 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In the present work, a low-carbon steel substrate was coated with Al2O3 and TiC using self-propagating high temperature synthesis. The synthesized coatings were annealed at 450 °C for 2–6 h. The characteristics of the substrate, coated, and annealed samples were examined, including microhardness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance. A pin-on-disc tribometer was employed to conduct the wear test by varying the load, sliding velocity, and distance. The impact of these factors on the wear rate and worn surface morphology was then examined. Further, corrosion resistance was evaluated using electrochemical corrosion testing with 3.5 wt% NaCl as electrolyte. Results showed that Al2O3 and TiC specimens annealed at 450 °C for 5 h and 4 h improved the microhardness by 1.3 and 1.06 times than that of as-coated specimens respectively. The synthesized Al2O3 and TiC coatings showed an abrasive wear mechanism at higher loads and tribolayer formation was observed at higher sliding velocity and distances. The corrosion and wear resistances of the samples were found as follows: substrate< Al2O3 coated < TiC coated < Al2O3 annealed < TiC annealed. The Al2O3 and TiC ceramic coatings were found to improve wear and corrosion resistance having potential applications in cement, petrochemical, and marine industries.
Computational and experimental investigations on structural, electronic and optical properties of scheelite compounds
Authors: Zheng Xingke , Du Aochen , Ye Yun , Chen Enguo , Xu Sheng , Guo Tailiang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Oxide of tungstate has consistently been pursued for use in optoelectronic applications. This study details the synthesis of AWO4 (A = Ba, Sr and Ca) using a high-temperature solid-state method. Additionally, theoretical calculations highlight its electronic structure, density of states, photoelectric properties, and vibrational modes. The x-ray diffraction of AWO4 (A = Ba, Sr and Ca) was meticulously introduced by the utilization of Rietveld for refinement. The refined lattice parameters substantially verified AWO4 (A = Ba, Sr and Ca) as a tetragonal system of scheelite with the spatial group of I41/a, and demonstrated significant alteration with the discrepancy in the radius of alkaline earth metal (A-site) ions. The electronic configuration and optical attributes of AWO4 (A = Ba, Sr and Ca) possessing scheelite-like structure were explored using density functional theory (DFT) based computational techniques. The theoretical blueprint was derived by optimizing the structure based on defects. The postulated optical bandgap energy confirms the occurrence of direct electronic transitions at Brillouin region G points. Calculations suggested the direct band gaps of BaWO4, SrWO4, and CaWO4 at 4.385, 3.123 and 3.813 eV. This was attributed to the energy levels produced by O and A-site atoms in the valence band, and W and O atoms in the conduction band. An examination of the polarization effect and uneven electronic charge distribution between [CaO8]6− and [WO4]2− clusters brought about by structural defects in AWO4 (A = Ba, Sr and Ca) was performed. Moreover, advanced investigations have been conducted on the elastic constants and mechanical durability of AWO4 (A = Ba, Sr and Ca). This research extensively calculated the elastic moduli of various matrices utilizing DFT. The critical Pugh’s ratio value was found to be >1.75, it indicated that AWO4 (A = Ba, Sr and Ca) has significant potential as a resilient material.
Enhancing the efficiency of non toxic perovskite solar cell through Cs4CuSb2Cl12 as interface layer using SCAPS-1D
Authors: Khan Abdul Haseeb Hassan , Khan Aqib Ali , Farid Amjad 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In recent years, Perovskite solar cells (PSC) have showed promising results to substitute traditional PV technologies due to impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) and cost-effective production. This study investigates the impact of introducing a Cs4CuSb2Cl12 (CCSC) perovskite quantum dot (PQD) interface layer among active layer and hole transport layer (HTL) in CsGeI3 as well as MAGeI3-based PSCs. It aims in enhancing the function of interface layer (IL) by improving PCE while reducing interface losses. TiO2 and Spiro-OMeTAD were employed as the electron transport layer (ETL) and HTL, respectively. SCAPS-1D software was utilized for simulating JSC, VOC, FF, and PCE of various configurations, including passivated and non-passivated structures. The results revealed a substantial increase in JSC from 13.22 mA cm−2 to 15.5 mA cm−2 and PCE from 11.67% to 14.81% for MAGeI3-based PSCs with incorporated PQD layer. Additionally, the fill factor (FF) improved from 50.55% to 76.90%. However, a decrease in VOC from 1.7 V towards 1.24 V was noticed, this was associated with the formation of an energy barrier at HTL/ absorber. For CsGeI3-based devices, a slight improvement in JSC was observed from 21.0 mA cm−2 to 21.8 mA cm−2, whereas VOC remained constant at 1.24 V. The PCE increased from 22.50% to 23.09%, but the FF decreased from 86.83% to 85.48%. However the decrease in the fill factor (FF) may be attributable to a rise in the cell series resistance due to the additional interface, which could impede charge transport and extraction. This simulation study demonstrates that the incorporation of a CCSC PQD IL among active layer / HTL can enhance the PCE and short circuit current of CsGeI3 and MAGeI3-based PSCs, providing a promising avenue for future optimizations and advancements in PSC technologies.
Magnification and evolution bias of transient sources: GWs and SNIa
Authors: Zazzera Stefano , Fonseca José , Baker Tessa , Clarkson Chris 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Third-generation gravitational wave (GW) observatories such as the Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer, together with the LSST survey at the Vera Rubin Observatory, will yield an abundance of extra-galactic transient objects. This opens the exciting possibility of using GW sources and Supernovae Type Ia (SNIa) as luminosity distance tracers of large-scale structure for the first time.
The large volumes accessible to these surveys imply that we may need to include relativistic corrections, such as lensing and Doppler magnification. However, the amplitude of these effects depends on the magnification and evolution biases of the transient sources, which are not yet understood.
In this paper we develop comprehensive frameworks to address and model these biases for both populations of transient objects; in particular, we define how to compute these biases for GW sources. We then analyse the impact of magnification and evolution biases on the relativistic corrections and on the angular power spectrum of these sources. We show that correct modelling and implementation of these biases is crucial for measuring the cross-correlations of transient sources at higher redshifts.
Scale invariant extension of the Standard Model: a nightmare scenario in cosmology
Authors: Aoki Mayumi , Kubo Jisuke , Yang Jinbo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Inflationary observables of a classically scale invariant model, in which
the origin of
the Planck mass and the electroweak scale
including the right-handed neutrino mass is
chiral symmetry breaking in a QCD-like hidden sector,
are studied.
Despite a three-field inflation the initial-value-dependence is
strongly suppressed thanks to a river-valley like potential.
The model predicts
the tensor-to-scalar ratio r of cosmological perturbations
smaller than that of the R
2 inflation, i.e.,
0.0044 ≳ r ≳ 0.0017 for e-foldings between 50 and 60:
the model will be consistent even with a null detection
at LiteBird/CMB-S4. We find that
the non-Gaussianity parameter f
NL
is O(10-2),
the same size as that of single-field inflation.
The dark matter particles are the lightest Nambu-Goldstone bosons
associated with chiral symmetry breaking, which are
decay products of one of the inflatons and
are heavier than 109 GeV with a strongly suppressed
coupling with the standard model,
implying that the dark matter will be
unobservable in direct as well as indirect measurements.
Multi-soliton solutions of coupled Lakshmanan–Porsezian–Daniel equations with variable coefficients under nonzero boundary conditions
Authors: Zhao 赵 Hui-Chao 会超 , Ma 马 Lei-Nuo 雷诺 , Xie 解 Xi-Yang 西阳 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This paper aims to investigate the multi-soliton solutions of the coupled Lakshmanan–Porsezian–Daniel equations with variable coefficients under nonzero boundary conditions. These equations are utilized to model the phenomenon of nonlinear waves propagating simultaneously in non-uniform optical fibers. By analyzing the Lax pair and the Riemann–Hilbert problem, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics and interactions of solitons of this system. Furthermore, we study the impacts of group velocity dispersion or the fourth-order dispersion on soliton behaviors. Through appropriate parameter selections, we observe various nonlinear phenomena, including the disappearance of solitons after interaction and their transformation into breather-like solitons, as well as the propagation of breathers with variable periodicity and interactions between solitons with variable periodicities.
Changing the order of a dynamical phase transition through fluctuations in a quantum p-spin model
Authors: Correale Lorenzo , Silva Alessandro 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We study the non-equilibrium phase diagram of a fully-connected Ising p-spin model, for generic p > 2, and investigate its robustness with respect to the inclusion of spin-wave fluctuations, resulting from a ferromagnetic, short-range spin interaction. In particular, we investigate the dynamics of the mean-field model after a quantum quench: we observe a new dynamical phase transition which is either first or second order depending on the even or odd parity of p, in stark contrast with its thermal counterpart which is first order for all p. The dynamical phase diagram is qualitatively modified by the fluctuations introduced by a short-range interaction which drive the system always towards various prethermal paramagnetic phases determined by the strength of time dependent fluctuations of the magnetization.
Light detection and cosmic rejection in the ICARUS LArTPC at Fermilab
Authors: Heggestuen A. ,   the ICARUS collaboration
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The ICARUS-T600 detector is a 760-ton Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) currently operating at Fermilab as the Far Detector in the Short Baseline Neutrino (SBN) program. The SBN program is composed of three LArTPCs with a central goal of testing the sterile neutrino hypothesis. After operating for 3-years in the Gran Sasso Underground Laboratory, the ICARUS detector was shipped to CERN where it was outfitted with 360 8” Photomultiplier Tubes (PMTs) for a new optical detection system. The PMT system detects fast scintillation light from charged particles interacting in the Liquid Argon, generating the trigger signal for the full detector and allows 3D reconstruction of events. Now operating at shallow depth, the detector is exposed to a high flux of cosmic rays that can fake neutrino interactions. To mitigate this effect a Cosmic Ray Tagger (CRT) and a 3-meter-thick concrete were installed. Precise timing information from both the PMT and CRT subsystems can help to identify whether an interaction originated from inside or outside of the ICARUS cryostat. This paper reviews a method for cosmogenic background reduction and timing calibration of the CRT and PMT light detection systems in ICARUS.
The CIGS semiconductor detector for particle physics
Authors: Togawa M. , Fujii S. , Imura M. , Itabashi K. , Isobe T. , Miyahara M. , Nishinaga J. , Okumura H. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Silicon is commonly used as a sensor material in a wide variety of imaging application.
In recent high-energy and intensity beam experiments, high radiation tolerance is required, and new semiconductor detector consisting of radiation-hard materials have been investigated.
The Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) semiconductor is expected to possess high radiation tolerance, with the ability to recover from radiation damage through the compensation of defects by ions.
The CIGS has originally developed for a solar cell and its radiation tolerance was investigated for the usage in space.
The CIGS, featuring a recovery capability, would shed new light to particle detecror in high radiation environments.
CIGS detectors (2 and 5 μm thick) were tested by Xe ion (400 MeV/u, 132Xe54+) at HIMAC, successfully detecting single Xe ion with a fast response.
The output charge is understandable through estimation with the GEANT4 simulation.
With 0.6 MGy irradiation by Xe ions, the CIGS output degraded to 50%, but it was recovered to 97% after the heat treatment under 130°C for 2 hours.
This marks a significant step in confirming that CIGS semiconductors can serve as particle detectors with recovery features for radiation damage.
Investigation of proton radiation damage effects on the n-Fz DSSSD for the Phase I Upgrade of new Si Tracker at the R3B experiment
Authors: Chatterjee Puspita , Srivastava Ajay K. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Radiation hard Double Sided Silicon Strip Detectors are used
at the Silicon Tracker for the detection of two-dimensional position
andenergy measurement of the incident protons in the R3B experiment
at FAIR. Double Sided Silicon Strip Detectors were fabricated by
Micron Semiconductor Ltd., U.K. and the first set of experimental
measurements havebeenperformed on the non-irradiated detectors in
order to understand the macroscopic performance of the detectors for
the tracker. This study is extended to the performance of the
irradiated detectors in the proton radiation environmentusing proton
radiation damage model. The detectors were irradiated with 23 MeV
protons up to an expected fluence of
8 × 1014 neq cm-2, which is one order
higher than expected fluence at an initial phase0 of the
experiment. The performance characteristics of the detectors on the
full depletion voltage, leakage current, and charge collection
efficiency were extrapolated using SRH and CCE modelling, which is
usually implemented in device TCAD. The results on the detectors
were compared with the available experimental data on the
detectors. A very good comparison between experimental data and
calculated resulthave been recorded for non-irradiated and
irradiated detectors. The agenda is to propose a proton radiation
hard Double Sided Silicon Strip Detector design on the basis of the
present study for the phase 1 upgrade of the experiment.
A novel design for 100 meter-scale water attenuation length measurement and monitoring
Authors: Wang Li , Xu Jilei , Lu Shuxiang , Lu Haoqi , Wang Zhimin , Li Min , Wang Sibo , Yang Changgen , Zhang Yongpeng , Zheng Yichen 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Water Cherenov detector is a vital part in most of neutrino
or cosmic ray research. As detectors grow in size, the water
attenuation length (WAL) becomes increasingly essential for detector
performance. It is essential to measure or monitor the WAL. There
are two ways to measure WAL, one is to take a water sample from the
detector and measure it in the WAL measurement device, and the other
is to put the device directly into the water Cherenkov detector. For
the device in the water, the Super-Kamiokande experiment achieved
WAL measurement capability near 100 meters with a moving light
source up and down. A novel system has been proposed to address the
challenge of investigating long WAL. This system focuses on ample
water Cherenkov detectors and features a fixed light source and
photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) at varying distances, eliminating the
need for moving parts. Each component, including LED, diffuse ball,
PMTs, and fibers, is introduced to explain uncertainty
control. Based on lab tests, the measurement uncertainty of each PMT
channel has been controlled within 5%. Additionally, camera
technology is also used during the evaluation of the system
uncertainty, which has the potential to replace PMTs in the future
for this measurement. Monte Carlo simulations have shown that the
system can achieve a 5% uncertainty at WAL of 80 meters and 8% at
WAL of 100 meters. This system can be used in experiments with large
Cherenkov detectors such as JUNO-water veto and Hyper-K.
High beam current operation with beam diagnostics at LIPAc
Authors: Kwon S. , Abbon P. , Akagi T. , Benedetti F. , Bolzon B. , Carin Y. , Chaminade T. , Chauvin N. , Cismondi F. , De Franco A. , Gaget A. , Garcia J.M. , Gex D. , Hirosawa K. , Jimenez Rey D. , Kondo K. , Maindive L. , Marroncle J. , Masuda K. , Morales Vega J.C. , Ohta M. , Podadera I. , Poggi M. , Rodriguez A. , Ros A. , Villamayor V. ,   and IFMIF/EVEDA Integrated Project Team
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The Linear International Fusion Materials
Irradiation Facility Prototype Accelerator (LIPAc)
is under commissioning in Rokkasho Fusion Institute in Japan and
aims to accelerate 125 mA D+ at 9 MeV in Continuous Wave mode for
validating the IFMIF accelerator design. To ensure a fine
characterization and tuning of the machine many beam diagnostics are
installed spanning from injector to the beam dump. The beam
operations in 1.0 ms pulsed D+ at 5 MeV were successfully
completed with a low power beam dump in 2019. Despite the challenges
posed by the pandemic, the crucial transition to a new LINAC
configuration was also finalized to enable operation in 1.0 ms —
CW D+ at 5 MeV with the high-power beam dump. The 1st
beam operation of the configuration was carried out in 2021. The
experiences and challenges encountered during these beam campaigns
are described in this paper.
Optimization of photoneutron source for use in subcritical reactors
Authors: Ranjbaran Mohammad , Firoozabadi Mohammad Mehdi , Zangian Mahdi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This work is an effort to maximize the number of output
neutrons of a photoneutron target for 100 MeV incident
electrons. The work steps were; to select the appropriate material,
select the appropriate shape, and find the optimized dimensions. The
simulations of this work were done with MCNPX2.6 simulation code. At
first, U-235 was selected as the best material for the target, among
some heavy atoms from the number of outlet neutron point of
view. Then the best shape for the target was selected from geometric
shapes that have been considered for the target and the dimensions
of the target were optimized. After these parts, the energy spectrum
of outlet neutrons was estimated and after that, the deposited
energy of neutrons, electrons, and photons in the target was
estimated and drowned with Tec plot.