bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrotreating of light gas oil using carbon nanotube supported NiMoS catalysts: Kinetic modelling
Authors: Sigurdson S. , Dalai A. K. , Adjaye J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractMulti‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were applied as supports for NiMo hydroprocessing catalysts. Rate expressions were developed for an optimum NiMo/MWCNT catalyst to help predict its hydrodesulfurisation (HDS) and hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) activities while varying the operation parameters for coker light gas oil treatment. Power law models were best fit with reaction orders of 2.6 and 1.2, and activation energies of 161 and 82.3 kJ/mol, for the HDS and HDN reactions, respectively. Generalised Langmuir–Hinshelwood models were found to have reaction orders of 3.0 and 1.5, and activation energies of 155 and 42.3 kJ/mol, for the HDS and HDN reactions, respectively.Étude des nanotubes de carbone multiparois (MWCNT) lorsqu'ils servent de supports aux catalyseurs d'hydrotraitement NiMo. Des expressions de vitesse ont été développées pour un catalyseur NiMo/MWCNT optimal pour prédire ses activités d'hydrodésulfurisation (HDS) et d'hydrodénitrogénation (HDN) tout en faisant varier les paramètres d'exploitation pour le traitement du gas‐oil léger de cokéfaction. Les modèles de loi de puissance sont les mieux adaptés avec des ordres de réaction de 2,6 et 1,2 et des énergies d'activation de 161 kJ/mol et 82,3 kJ/mol pour les réactions d'HDS et d'HDN respectivement. Les modèles généralisés de Langmuir–Hinshelwood ont des ordres de réaction de 3,0 et 1,5 et des énergies d'activation de 155 kJ/mol et 42,3 kJ/mol pour les réactions d'HDS et d'HDN respectivement. © 2010 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Accelerating cardiac excitation spread simulations using graphics processing units
Authors: Rocha B. M. , Campos F. O. , Amorim R. M. , Plank G. , Santos R. W. dos , Liebmann M. , Haase G. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe modeling of the electrical activity of the heart is of great medical and scientific interest, because it provides a way to get a better understanding of the related biophysical phenomena, allows the development of new techniques for diagnoses and serves as a platform for drug tests. The cardiac electrophysiology may be simulated by solving a partial differential equation coupled to a system of ordinary differential equations describing the electrical behavior of the cell membrane. The numerical solution is, however, computationally demanding because of the fine temporal and spatial sampling required. The demand for real‐time high definition 3D graphics made the new graphic processing units (GPUs) a highly parallel, multithreaded, many‐core processor with tremendous computational horsepower. It makes the use of GPUs a promising alternative to simulate the electrical activity in the heart. The aim of this work is to study the performance of GPUs for solving the equations underlying the electrical activity in a simple cardiac tissue. In tests on 2D cardiac tissues with different cell models it is shown that the GPU implementation runs 20 times faster than a parallel CPU implementation running with 4 threads on a quad–core machine, parts of the code are even accelerated by a factor of 180. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Contextual environment and stakeholder perception of corporate social responsibility practices in uganda
Authors: Bagire Vincent Amooti , Tusiime Immaculate , Nalweyiso Grace , Kakooza John Bosco 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe debate on dimensions of corporate social responsibility (CSR) is ongoing. This study was conducted to examine perceptions of stakeholders towards CSR activities in Uganda. The research was prompted by many questions from students undertaking a Business Administration course on the distinction between marketing activities and CSR. While many materials were locally available, none was explicit on stakeholder perceptions. The study used a cross‐sectional qualitative research design. Data was obtained from 119 questionnaires and 88 interviews. The results show that many companies are involved in various CSR activities. Key players were multinationals. The public awareness of CSR is high, but there is confusion as to what it is about. The process of CSR and the influence of contextual environment factors are puzzling. The flagship of CSR through advertisements has resulted in the public perceiving it more as marketing than philanthropy or ethical action. The study provided insights for further research in other contexts. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
ADAM‐8, a metalloproteinase, drives acute allergen‐induced airway inflammation
Authors: Paulissen Geneviève , Rocks Natacha , Guéders Maud M. , Bedoret Denis , Crahay Céline , Quesada‐Calvo Florence , Hacha Jonathan , Bekaert Sandrine , Desmet Christophe , Foidart Jean‐Michel , Bureau Fabrice , Noel Agnès , Cataldo Didier D. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAsthma is a complex disease linked to various pathophysiological events including the activity of proteinases. The multifunctional A disintegrin and metalloproteinases (ADAMs) displaying the ability to cleave membrane‐bound mediators or cytokines appear to be key mediators in various inflammatory processes. In the present study, we investigated ADAM‐8 expression and production in a mouse model of allergen‐induced airway inflammation. In allergen‐exposed animals, increased expression of ADAM‐8 was found in the lung parenchyma and in DC purified from the lungs. The potential role of ADAM‐8 in the development of allergen‐induced airway inflammation was further investigated by the use of an anti‐ADAM‐8 antibody and ADAM‐8 knockout animals. We observed a decrease in allergen‐induced acute inflammation both in BALF and the peribronchial area in anti‐ADAM‐8 antibody‐treated mice and in ADAM‐8‐deficient mice (ADAM‐8−/−) after allergen exposure. ADAM‐8 depletion led to a significant decrease of the CD11c+ lung DC. We also report lower levels of CCL11 and CCL22 production in antibody‐treated mice and ADAM‐8‐ deficient mice that might be explained by decreased eosinophilic inflammation and lower numbers of DC, respectively. In conclusion, ADAM‐8 appears to favour allergen‐induced acute airway inflammation by promoting DC recruitment and CCL11 and CCL22 production.
Hoxb8 conditionally immortalised macrophage lines model inflammatory monocytic cells with important similarity to dendritic cells
Authors: Rosas Marcela , Osorio Fabiola , Robinson Matthew J. , Davies Luke C. , Dierkes Nicola , Jones Simon A. , Reis e Sousa Caetano , Taylor Philip R. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe have examined the potential to generate bona fide macrophages (MØ) from conditionally immortalised murine bone marrow precursors. MØ can be derived from Hoxb8 conditionally immortalised macrophage precursor cell lines (MØP) using either M‐CSF or GM‐CSF. When differentiated in GM‐CSF (GM‐MØP) the resultant cells resemble GM‐CSF bone marrow‐derived dendritic cells (BMDC) in morphological phenotype, antigen phenotype and functional responses to microbial stimuli. In spite of this high similarity between the two cell types and the ability of GM‐MØP to effectively present antigen to a T‐cell hybridoma, these cells are comparatively poor at priming the expansion of IFN‐γ responses from naïve CD4+ T cells. The generation of MØP from transgenic or genetically aberrant mice provides an excellent opportunity to study the inflammatory role of GM‐MØP, and reduces the need for mouse colonies in many studies. Hence differentiation of conditionally immortalised MØPs in GM‐CSF represents a unique in vitro model of inflammatory monocyte‐like cells, with important differences from bone marrow‐derived dendritic cells, which will facilitate functional studies relating to the many ‘sub‐phenotypes’ of inflammatory monocytes.
γδ T cells develop, respond and survive – with a little help from CD27
Authors: Born Willi K. , O'Brien Rebecca L. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAlthough the TNF receptor family member CD27 has been known for some time, its functional role as a coreceptor on T and B cells remains poorly understood. Recent reports have shown that CD27 and its ligand CD70 play a critical role in the development and function of γδ T cells in mice. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, a study now extends these findings to the Vγ9Vδ2+ subset of human γδ T cells. This subset, whose responses are readily elicited by phosphoantigens, plays an important role in anti‐tumor immune responses. This study shows that most Vγ9Vδ2+ cells express CD27, and signaling via the CD27‐CD70 axis is needed for their survival, proliferation and cytokine secretion. Moreover, CD27 functions as a coreceptor, which promotes, in conjunction with TCR‐mediated signals, expansion of Th1‐biased Vγ9Vδ2+ cells. This new information underscores the significance of CD27 in γδ T‐cell functional differentiation, and is likely to facilitate the development of γδ T‐cell‐based clinical immunotherapy.
Conversion of Dibenzoxaphosphinines into 2‐Hydroxybiphenyl‐2′‐ylphosphane Ligands and Their BH3 Adducts: The O–Hδ+···Hδ––B Hydrogen–Hydrogen Bond
Authors: Wawrzyniak Piotr , Kindermann Markus K. , Heinicke Joachim W. , Jones Peter G. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractChlorodibenz[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphinine 1Cl reacted with bulky organolithium compounds R1Li (R1 = tBu, mesityl) under mild conditions to yield organodibenz[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphinines 1R1, which underwent ring‐opening metathesis with less bulky organolithium compounds R2Li. After O‐trimethylsilylation, 2‐(trimethylsilyloxy)biphenylylphosphanes 2 were isolated. Reaction of 1Cl with R2Li followed by silylation provided symmetrically P‐substituted compounds 2. The formation of compounds 3 and 4 demonstrated the facile hydrolysis and oxidation of 1R1, the formation of compound 5cox indicated the sensitivity of 2 to hydrolysis and air oxidation. Methanolysis of 2 provided the free hydroxybiphenylylphosphanes 5 (for further modification by O‐acylation), which were converted into air‐stable borane adducts 6. The latter were unable to undergo O‐acylation. Acylation of 5 followed by borane protection afforded O‐acyloxybiphenylylphosphane–borane adducts, as demonstrated by the formation of compounds 7a and 8a. X‐ray crystal structure analysesrevealed intermolecular O–H···H–B hydrogen–hydrogen bonds; for compound 6b the average H···H distance is 1.90 Å, whereas for 6e a three‐centre O–H···H2B interaction (av. H···H 2.25 Å) was observed, which is still shorter than twice the van der Waals radius for hydrogen (2.4 Å). To the best of our knowledge this is the first report on hydrogen–hydrogen bonds in functionally substituted phosphane–boranes and may explain the low reactivity at the OH group. Only on stronger heating was hydrogen evolved.
Application of Carbon Nanotube‐Modified Electrodes as Electrochemical Sensors for the Continuous Monitoring of 2,4‐Dichlorophenol
Authors: Arribas A. Sánchez , Moreno M. , Bermejo E. , Pérez J. A. , Román V. , Zapardiel A. , Chicharro M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe use of glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs) modified with multiwalled carbon nanotube (CNT) films for the continuous monitoring of 2,4‐dichlorophenol (2,4DCP) in flow systems has been examined. The performance of these modified electrodes was evaluated and compared to bare GCE by cyclic voltammetry experiments and by flow injection analysis (FIA) with amperometric detection monitoring the response of 2,4DCP and 1,4‐benzoquinone in 0.050 M phosphate buffer pH 7.0. The CNT‐modified electrodes provided lower overpotentials, higher sensitivity and much higher signal stability under a dynamic regime than bare GCEs. The application of GCEs modified with a layer of CNT dispersed in Nafion for controlling 2,4DCP impurity in 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid illustrates the possibilities of such electrodes for the stable long‐term measurements demanded by industrial activities.
Electrochemical Ochratoxin A Immunosensor System Developed on Sulfonated Polyaniline
Authors: Muchindu Munkombwe , Iwuoha Emmanuel , Pool Edmund , West Natasha , Jahed Nazeem , Baker Priscilla , Waryo Tesfaye , Williams Avril 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAn impedimetric immunosensor for ochratoxin A (OTA) composed of polyaniline‐polyvinyl sulfonate and anti‐OTA antibody on Pt disk electrode was produced, characterised and calibrated with its responses to standard OTA solutions at pH 7.2. The limit of detection and sensitivity of the OTA immunosensor were calculated to be 10 pg/kg and 563 kΩ L/ng, respectively. The European Commission limit for OTA in roasted coffee and cereals is 5 µg/kg. Application of the immunosensor to certified reference materials of roasted coffee, wheat and corn gave OTA concentrations of 2.5, 8.6 and 21.1 µg/kg, respectively. The result for corn compared favourably with ELISA results and vendor specifications.
Pitch control system design to improve frequency response capability of fixed‐speed wind turbine systems
Authors: Valsera‐Naranjo Eduardo , Sumper Andreas , Gomis‐Bellmunt Oriol , Junyent‐Ferré Adrià , Martínez‐Rojas Marcela 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis paper describes a pitch control design method to deal with grid frequency deviations. The method is based on reserving a percentage of power extracted from the wind turbine. In order to validate the control method, simulations in a full power system have been carried out. The results show that the proposed pitch control can contribute to power stabilization. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel frequency offset estimation technique for Mobile WiMAX
Authors: Khairy Mohamed M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn this paper, a novel frequency offset estimation technique for the OFDMA based WiMAX system is proposed. It is perceived that Mobile WiMAX based on the IEEE802.16e standard has an aperiodic preamble, hindering the most efficient frequency offset estimation techniques which are based on utilising the preamble's periodicity. In this paper, a novel technique for creating periodicity in the preamble by exploiting its design is proposed and evaluated. The results show that the proposed scheme has a significantly better performance than the currently used techniques. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Radial compression function for vector quantizer of Laplacian source with high dynamic variance range
Authors: Perić Zoran H. , Jovanović Aleksandra Ž. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn this paper, our aim is to define a high dynamic range vector quantization model for an i.i.d. Laplacian source. In order to do this we use a geometric approach and lattice quantization. As a result, we achieve symmetry in distribution of code vectors and introduce the radial scalar compression function for lattice cell side determination. This enables derivation of a sophisticated creation for a condition which the radial compression function should satisfy in order to make the SQNR non‐dependent on variance. It is interesting that the obtained solution represents the generalisation of solution in the case of high dynamic range scalar quantization. Because of that, in the second part of the paper, the well‐known semilogarithmicA‐law compression characteristic is utilized as radial scalar compression function of geometric vector quantizer. It is shown that such a model has very good performances over a very wide variance range. The proper choice of compression parameterAand dimensionnenables the constant SQNR to sustain over much wider variance range than in case of log‐scalar quantization. Particularly, the high dimension makes it possible to broaden the variance range over which SQNR remains constant by increasing theAvalue simultaneously holding the SQNR level unchanged. In comparison with the widely used log‐scalar quantization, the presented solution for dimensions from 10 to 140 gives a quality improvement of 7–9 dB, while comparison of maximal SQNR value to that of optimal scalar quantization shows the SQNR growth of 3–5 dB. Furthermore, for dimension 40 the SQNR maximum is only for 0.5 dB lower than that of optimal vector quantization, while dynamic range characteristic broadening is considerable. The cited benefits of high dynamic range vector quantization make it possible to realize a high quality signal compression. Besides, in comparison with the adaptive quantization, our proposal has a smaller implementation complexity. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Facile Preparation of an Excellent Pt/RuO2‐MnO2/CNTs Nanocatalyst for Anodes of Direct Methanol Fuel Cells
Authors: Zhou C. , Peng F. , Wang H. , Yu H. , Yang J. , Fu X. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractRuO2‐MnO2 complex supported by multi‐wall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was firstly synthesised by the oxidation–reduction precipitation of RuCl3 and KMnO4 in one step. Then Pt was loaded onto the obtained RuO2‐MnO2/CNTs to fabricate a novel anodic catalyst Pt/RuO2‐MnO2/CNTs for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). The catalyst was characterised by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), temperature programmed reduction (TPR), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and BET specific surface areas (BET). Pt nanoparticles were found uniformly dispersed on the surface of CNTs, with the average diameter of about 2.0 nm. The activities of methanol and CO electrocatalytic oxidation were analysed, and the reaction mechanism of methanol electro‐oxidation on Pt/RuO2‐MnO2/CNTs catalyst was discussed. The MnO2 in the catalysts improves the proton conductivity and electrochemical active surface area (EAS) for the catalysts. RuO2 improves the CO oxidation activity and Pt dispersion. CNTs provide effectively electron channels. Thus, the Pt/RuO2‐MnO2/CNTs catalyst has high utilisation of the noble metal Pt, high CO oxidation ability and excellent methanol electro‐oxidation activity, being an outstanding anode catalyst for DMFC.
Management of the clinically negative neck in early‐stage head and neck cancers after transoral resection
Authors: Rodrigo Juan P. , Shah Jatin P. , Silver Carl E. , Medina Jesus E. , Takes Robert P. , Robbins K. Thomas , Rinaldo Alessandra , Werner Jochen A. , Ferlito Alfio 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe decision regarding treatment of the clinically negative neck has been debated extensively. This is particularly true with early‐stage tumors for which surgery is the treatment of choice, and the tumor has been resected transorally without a cervical incision. Elective neck dissection in this situation is an additional procedure with potential associated morbidity. The alternative strategy for the clinically negative neck is to “wait and watch.” Both an elective neck dissection policy and a “watchful waiting” policy have their proponents. The purpose of this article was for us to review the literature about this subject to try to answer the following question: if the tumor has been resected transorally, should an elective treatment of the neck be performed or is a “watchful waiting” policy safe and adequate? We conclude that, currently, the best available evidence suggests that elective neck dissection does not seem to be superior to the policy of observation without neck surgery, with regard to survival and control of neck disease. This review highlights the need for further well‐designed prospective studies that will provide more reliable answers to the debatable issue of the management of the clinically negative neck in such cases. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
BMI1'S maintenance of the proliferative capacity of laryngeal cancer stem cells
Authors: Chen Hui , Zhou Liang , Dou Tonghai , Wan Guanglun , Tang Huiqing , Tian Jie 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackgroundIn laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), CD133+ cells were found to display cancer stem cell (CSC) characteristics. BMI1 is an oncogene that plays key roles in proliferation in CSCs. However, no published reports have examined the role of BMI1 in laryngeal CSCs.MethodsImmunofluorescence staining confirmed the coexpression of BMI1 and CD133. After sorting, real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed BMI1 was differentially expressed in CD133+ cells. BMI1 was knocked down and proliferation, colony formation, and apoptosis assays were performed. The influence on CD133+ cells was determined by flow cytometry, sphere‐formation assay, and quantitative PCR. Tumorigenicity assays were performed, and the impact on related genes was evaluated.ResultsBMI1 was highly enriched in CD133+ cells. BMI1 maintained CD133+ cell proliferation and prevented apoptosis. Gene expression analysis suggested BMI1 regulated alternate cellular pathways.ConclusionBMI1 was required to maintain the proliferative capacity of laryngeal CSCs, which may be a molecular target to cure patients with laryngeal SCC. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Gender-Specific Differences in Adipose Distribution and Adipocytokines Influence Adolescent Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Δ
Authors: Ayonrinde Oyekoya T. , Olynyk John K. , Beilin Lawrence J. , Mori Trevor A. , Pennell Craig E. , de Klerk Nicholas , Oddy Wendy H. , Shipman Peter , Adams Leon A. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a predominantly adult-diagnosed disorder. Knowledge regarding the epidemiology, phenotype, and metabolic risk factors, during adolescence is limited. We sought to determine the prevalence, phenotype, and predictors of NAFLD in 1170 community-based adolescents in the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study (the Raine Cohort) who underwent a cross-sectional assessment that included questionnaires, anthropometry, cardiovascular examinations, blood tests, and abdominal ultrasound examinations. Among the 1170 adolescents assessed, the prevalence of NAFLD was 12.8%. Females compared with males had a significantly higher prevalence of NAFLD (16.3% versus 10.1%,

P

= 0.004) and central obesity (33.2% versus 9.9%,

P

< 0.05). The severity of hepatic steatosis was associated with the body mass index, waist circumference, subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness (SAT), serum leptin level, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance score (

P

< 0.001 for all), and serum alanine aminotransferase level (

P

< 0.005) in both genders, but it was associated with increasing visceral adipose tissue thickness (VAT;

P

< 0.001) and decreasing serum adiponectin levels (

P

< 0.05) in males alone. Males and females with NAFLD had similar amounts of SAT (

P

> 0.05); however, in comparison with females with NAFLD, males with NAFLD had greater VAT, a more severe metabolic phenotype with higher glucose levels and systolic blood pressure and lower adiponectin and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (

P

< 0.001 for all), and greater measures of liver injury (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase,

P

< 0.001 for all). Similarly, metabolic syndrome was more common in males than females with NAFLD (24% versus 8%,'

P

= 0.01). Suprailiac skinfold thickness predicted NAFLD independently of the body mass index, insulin resistance, and VAT.

Conclusion:

Gender differences in adolescent NAFLD are related to differences in adipose distribution and adipocytokines. The male phenotype of NAFLD is associated with more adverse metabolic features and greater visceral adiposity than the female phenotype despite the lower prevalence of NAFLD. (Hepatology 2011;)