bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytoplankton phenology on the Scotian Shelf
Authors: Zhai Li , Platt Trevor , Tang Charles , Sathyendranath Shubha , Hernández Walls Rafael 
Published: January 2011

AbstractZhai, L., Platt, T., Tang, C., Sathyendranath, S., and Hernández Walls, R. 2011. Phytoplankton phenology on the Scotian Shelf. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: . The impact of physical forcing on seasonal and interannual phytoplankton dynamics was examined using SeaWiFS chlorophyll, AVHRR sea surface temperature (SST), nitrate, and other hydrographic measurements for the Scotian Shelf and Scotian Slope. The spring bloom was characterized by a shifted Gaussian function fitted to seasonal chlorophyll time-series. The background chlorophyll (a constant term in the Gaussian function) is a joint property of the stratification and bio-optics of the mixed layer. Rapid shoaling of the mixed-layer depth in spring promoted the early spring bloom on the middle Scotian Shelf and Slope, triggered when averaged light in the mixed layer reached 15 W m−2. The duration of the spring bloom was prolonged in slope water, resulting in a discontinuity in duration between the shelf and slope water masses. The position of the latitudinal discontinuity in duration was correlated with that of the shelf–slope front in SST. The amplitude of the spring bloom was correlated with the nitrate inventory in the surface layer at the end of winter. The rate of decrease (increase) in chlorophyll after the spring bloom was related to the depletion (resupply) of nitrate in summer. The position of the shelf–slope front influenced the interannual variability of bloom characteristics.
From Amino Acid to Glucosinolate Biosynthesis: Protein Sequence Changes in the Evolution of Methylthioalkylmalate Synthase in Arabidopsis
Authors: de Kraker Jan-Willem , Gershenzon Jonathan 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Methylthioalkylmalate synthase (MAM) catalyzes the committed step in the side chain elongation of Met, yielding important precursors for glucosinolate biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana and other Brassicaceae species. MAM is believed to have evolved from isopropylmalate synthase (IPMS), an enzyme involved in Leu biosynthesis, based on phylogenetic analyses and an overlap of catalytic abilities. Here, we investigated the changes in protein structure that have occurred during the recruitment of IPMS from amino acid to glucosinolate metabolism. The major sequence difference between IPMS and MAM is the absence of 120 amino acids at the C-terminal end of MAM that constitute a regulatory domain for Leu-mediated feedback inhibition. Truncation of this domain in Arabidopsis IPMS2 results in loss of Leu feedback inhibition and quaternary structure, two features common to MAM enzymes, plus an 8.4-fold increase in the k cat/K m for a MAM substrate. Additional exchange of two amino acids in the active site resulted in a MAM-like enzyme that had little residual IPMS activity. Hence, combination of the loss of the regulatory domain and a few additional amino acid exchanges can explain the evolution of MAM from IPMS during its recruitment from primary to secondary metabolism.
Combined lung‐sound and reflux‐monitoring: a pilot study of a novel approach to detect nocturnal respiratory symptoms in gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease
Authors: Kunsch S. , Gross V. , Neesse A. , Sohrabi K. , Nell C. , Gress T. M. , Ellenrieder V. , Koehler U. 
Published: January 2011

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011; 33: 592–600SummaryBackground  Increased prevalence of respiratory symptoms has been commonly reported in patients with gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GERD).Aim  To introduce a novel Lung‐Sound‐Monitoring device that allows simultaneous measurement of both nocturnal respiratory symptoms and episodes of acidic and biliary refluxes.Methods  Nocturnal respiratory symptoms (coughing and wheezing) were continuously recorded in 20 healthy subjects and 30 reflux patients with respiratory symptoms in parallel to combined pH‐monitoring and Bilitec measurement.Results  Analysis could be completed in 20 healthy subjects and in 25 patients with reflux. A clear temporal correlation to reflux phases was detected in 49% of coughing and 41% of wheezing events, respectively. Moreover, 89% of the coughing and 100% of the wheezing events succeeded reflux episodes. Finally, the technique was capable of assessing a statistically significant difference between patients and controls regarding the occurrence of these symptoms.Conclusions  Our pilot study establishes the Lung‐Sound‐Monitoring system as a unique tool to measure objectively the temporal correlation between gastroesophageal reflux and the appearance of respiratory symptoms. It represents a useful technique to identify patients with respiratory symptoms due to reflux, and therefore allows one to determine and quantify the impact of therapeutic interventions such as antireflux therapy on respiratory symptoms.
Impact of postgraduate education on physician practice for community‐acquired pneumonia
Authors: Ikai Hiroshi , Morimoto Takeshi , Shimbo Takuro , Imanaka Yuichi , Koike Kaoru 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackground  Clinical practice guidelines on community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) are widely recognized by hospitals in Japan; however, little is known about the effect of postgraduate education on physicians' adherence to the guidelines or on patient outcomes.Method  We conducted a chart review of inpatient CAP cases at a single teaching hospital in Japan from 2003 to 2005, during which the educational programme for residents was gradually reinforced by the introduction of multifaceted education and training in the management of infectious diseases. To assess the effects of this educational programme, we measured process indicators such as usage of diagnostic tests, choice of antibiotics, and clinical outcomes, including length of antibiotic treatment, length of stay, and mortality.Results  Several improvements were observed after educational intervention: (1) more frequent blood, sputum cultures, and Gram stain tests; (2) less frequent use of broad‐spectrum antibiotics as the initial empiric therapy (from 50% to 12%) and on hospital day 5 (from 66.7% to 10%); and (3) median length of stay was shorter after intervention (16.5 days to 13 days).Conclusions  Our findings suggest that multifaceted educational intervention for residents focused on diagnostic efforts, including Gram stain and cultures, choice of antibiotics with the appropriate spectrum, and de‐escalation of antibiotics, can increase adherence to CAP guidelines as well as improve clinical outcomes.
A description of adaptive and maladaptive behaviour in children and adolescents with Cri‐du‐chat syndrome
Authors: Teixeira M. C. T. V. , Emerich D. R. , Orsati F. T. , Rimério R. C. , Gatto K. R. , Chappaz I. O. , Kim C. A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackground Psychological tests can be useful to record adaptive and maladaptive behaviours of children with intellectual disability. The objective of this study was to describe the adaptive and maladaptive behaviour of children and adolescents with Cri‐du‐chat syndrome.Methods The sample consisted of 10 children and adolescents with Cri‐du‐chat syndrome (mean chronological age = 11.3 years, mean mental age = 18 months). The developmental quotient was calculated through the Psychoeducational Profile – Revised. An observational protocol was used to record adaptive and maladaptive behaviours.Results The number of maladaptive behaviours observed was different among participants. However, all of them had high rates of adaptive behaviours, such as rule‐following.Conclusions These results, though preliminary, justify that we continue to think about the need for psychoeducational interventions aimed at stimulating the repertoire of adaptive behaviours, in people with Cri‐du‐chat syndrome.
HIV/AIDS awareness in those diagnosed with mental illness
Authors: NGWENA J. 
Published: January 2011

Accessible summary

People diagnosed with mental illness are at risk of acquiring and transmitting HIV.
This research looked into HIV/AIDS awareness in those with mental illness. It revealed a lack of understanding in the way in which HIV is transmitted and acquired. Those with dual diagnosis (mental illness and substance or alcohol abuse) are even at higher risk because of the influence of drugs and alcohol on behaviour.
Healthcare professionals such as doctors and nurses seem to pay lip service in matters relating to HIV and sexual health, especially when dealing with the mentally ill.
The study recommends an integration of active sex education in mental health service provision and an in‐depth assessment on sexual behaviour at the first or subsequent points of contact with service users. It also recommends educating nurses especially on HIV/AIDS matters so they can counsel those at risk.

AbstractThe spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to increase among the general population. Previous studies in this field focused mainly on the ‘at‐risk’ groups such as homosexuals, prostitutes, intravenous drug users, bisexual men and women. Mentally ill men and women remain one of the subgroups understudied and yet continue to show disproportionately high levels of seroprevalence. The purpose of this study was to elucidate awareness of the risk factors associated with HIV transmission and development of AIDS in those diagnosed with mental illness. Using questionnaires, information regarding HIV method of transmission, knowledge on HIV/AIDS and at‐risk behaviour awareness was obtained from 30 subjects in an acute psychiatric mental health unit (13 women and 17 men). Significant association between different variables was determined at 95.5% confidence level (P = 0.05). Assessment of HIV/AIDS awareness and at‐risk behaviour awareness revealed significant knowledge deficit among this subject group. The outcome of this study underscores the need to introduce intervention programmes tailored to individual needs of the mentally ill. Measures such as ‘at‐risk sexual’ behaviours should be incorporated into the current assessment process or profile so that accurate information and informed judgement can be reached regarding client or patient sexual behaviour.
Prevalence and correlates of seclusion with or without restraint in a Canadian psychiatric hospital: a 2‐year retrospective audit
Authors: DUMAIS A. , LARUE C. , DRAPEAU A. , MÉNARD G. , GIGUÈRE ALLARD M. 
Published: January 2011

Accessible summary

This paper assesses the prevalence and associated clinical factors of seclusion and restraint in a Canadian psychiatric hospital.
The prevalence of seclusion with or without restraint is high, and patients with bipolar and personality disorders are more likely than those with other psychiatric disorders to be secluded with and without restraint during their stay in this hospital.
Implementing a comprehensive record‐keeping system that tracks patient risk factors and seclusion and restraint episodes would enhance the capacity to identify complex cases that present risks.

AbstractSeclusion with or without restraint is a measure used to manage patients with challenging behaviours. Although controversial, the intervention remains poorly documented, especially in Canadian psychiatric hospitals. The purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence of the measure and identify any correlated demographic characteristics and psychiatric disorders. Episodes of seclusion with or without restraint were extracted from a computerized, hospital‐based system introduced specifically to track such interventions. Of 2721 patients hospitalized during that time, 23.2% (n = 632) were secluded with or without restraint, and 17.5% (n = 476) were secluded with restraint. Younger age, schizophrenia or other psychosis, bipolar and personality disorder, and longer stay in hospital are predictors of an episode of seclusion with or without restraint. Younger age, bipolar and personality disorders and a longer stay in hospital are predictors of an episode of seclusion with restraint. For patients who spent longer in seclusion and under restraint, there is a positive association with longer stay in hospital. In this inpatient psychiatric facility, seclusion with or without restraint thus appears to be common. More research is warranted to better identify the principal factors associated with seclusion and restraint and help reduce resort to these measures.
Hydroxylated ornithine lipids increase stress tolerance in Rhizobium tropici CIAT899
Authors: Vences‐Guzmán Miguel Á. , Guan Ziqiang , Ormeño‐Orrillo Ernesto , González‐Silva Napoleón , López‐Lara Isabel M. , Martínez‐Romero Esperanza , Geiger Otto , Sohlenkamp Christian 
Published: January 2011

SummaryOrnithine lipids (OLs) are widespread among Gram‐negative bacteria. Their basic structure consists of a 3‐hydroxy fatty acyl group attached in amide linkage to the α‐amino group of ornithine and a second fatty acyl group ester‐linked to the 3‐hydroxy position of the first fatty acid. OLs can be hydroxylated within the secondary fatty acyl moiety and this modification has been related to increased stress tolerance. Rhizobium tropici, a nodule‐forming α‐proteobacterium known for its stress tolerance, forms four different OLs. Studies of the function of these OLs have been hampered due to lack of knowledge about their biosynthesis. Here we describe that OL biosynthesis increases under acid stress and that OLs are enriched in the outer membrane. Using a functional expression screen, the OL hydroxylase OlsE was identified, which in combination with the OL hydroxylase OlsC is responsible for the synthesis of modified OLs in R. tropici. Unlike described OL hydroxylations, the OlsE‐catalysed hydroxylation occurs within the ornithine moiety. Mutants deficient in OlsE or OlsC and double mutants deficient in OlsC/OlsE were characterized. R. tropici mutants deficient in OlsC‐mediated OL hydroxylation are more susceptible to acid and temperature stress. All three mutants lacking OL hydroxylases are affected during symbiosis.
Ageing well from an urban Indigenous Australian perspective
Authors: Waugh Elizabeth , Mackenzie Lynette 
Published: January 2011

Introduction: The poor health status of Indigenous Australians as demonstrated by high rates of morbidity and mortality compared with non‐Indigenous Australians has been of concern to health providers for decades. Largely because of low life expectancy, Indigenous Australians are considered to be ageing from the age of 45 years. However, little is known about the needs and views of this unique group as they age. The aim of the study was to explore perspectives of older Indigenous Australians about their health and wellbeing.Methods: A qualitative study was conducted using data from face‐to‐face interviews with six Indigenous people aged over 45 years living in southwest Sydney, Australia. Data were analysed using a phenomenological approach.Results: Participants described important considerations for ageing well that related to the four main themes of: personal identity, family, community and perception of health and ageing.Discussion: Engaging in meaningful occupations to support culturally valued roles were key elements in strengthening identity and facilitating personal, family and community health. Health and wellbeing were perceived as multidimensional concepts by participants, which did not always match available services primarily developed for non‐Indigenous populations. Culturally sensitive health services are needed to meet the needs of older Indigenous people. Ageing well was associated with participating in family and community roles, connection with community networks and managing the effects of chronic health problems. Further research is needed to determine how health services can support, identity and promote health for older Indigenous Australians.
‘Off your Face(book)’: Alcohol in online social identity construction and its relation to problem drinking in university students
Authors: RIDOUT BRAD , CAMPBELL ANDREW , ELLIS LOUISE 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIntroduction and Aims. Alcohol is a key component of identity exploration for many young people, yet few studies have investigated identity construction in relation to problematic drinking. Increases in youth alcohol consumption have coincided with expanding use of communications technologies, particularly social networking sites (SNS), which have altered traditional conditions of identity construction. It has been found young people often engage with alcohol in the SNS environment by portraying themselves as binge drinkers. The current study applied an innovative approach to identity construction (the photographic essay) to provide insight into the portrayal of ‘alcohol‐identity’ on Facebook.Design and Methods. One hundred and fifty‐eight university students completed a range of alcohol measures before providing access for researchers to view their Facebook profiles to operationalise their alcohol‐identity according to autophotographic methodology.Results. Participants utilised a variety of photographic and textual material to present alcohol as a component of their identity on Facebook, with over half having selected an alcohol‐related profile image. Alcohol‐identity predicted alcohol consumption and problematic alcohol‐related behaviours as measured by questionnaires used to reliably identify alcohol‐related problems in university students. Almost 60% reported potentially problematic alcohol use according to the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test.Discussion and Conclusions. Findings suggest that portraying oneself as a drinker is considered by many young people to be a socially desirable component of identity in the SNS environment, perpetuating an online culture that normalises binge drinking. Ready‐made Facebook photo essays provide an alternate method of accessing problematic alcohol use, supplementing self‐report measures.[Ridout B, Campbell A, Ellis L. ‘Off your Face(book)’: Alcohol in online social identity construction and its relation to problem drinking in university students. Drug Alcohol Rev 2012;31:20–26]
Networking sisterhood, from the informal to the global: AkiDwA, the African and Migrant Women's Network, Ireland
Authors: DE TONA CARLA , LENTIN RONIT 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn this article we document the networking strategies of Ireland's leading migrant women's organization, AkiDwA – the African and Migrant Women's Network. We begin by positing networking as a process of agency and transformation and argue for the heuristic potential of ‘network’ in unpacking the gendered experiences of migration. Employing theoretical and ethnographic tools, we position AkiDwA as key to understanding how migrant women have been addressing discrimination, isolation, exclusion, violence and racism, through promoting gendered and culturally sensitive services and policies. We outline three phases in AkiDwA's development since the onset of immigration in the 1990s, from the informal to the global, situating it as the hub of overlapping national and global networks of migrant women, spanning Ireland, Europe and beyond. We conclude by suggesting that network analysis, rather than being a general grand theory, allows us to develop the micro‐macro links that, as Robert Holton argues, bring together small worlds with larger structures.
Straight Screw‐In Atrial Leads “J‐Post Shaped” in Right Appendage Versus J‐Shaped Systems for Permanent Atrial Pacing: A Safety Comparison
Authors: ZOPPO FRANCO , ZERBO FRANCESCA , BRANDOLINO GLAUCO , BACCHIEGA ENRICO , LUPO ANTONIO , BERTAGLIA EMANUELE 
Published: January 2011

Background and Objectives: The reliability of active‐fixation atrial leads has been compared with that of passive‐fixation leads; comparisons have also been made between straight and J‐shaped screw‐in lead systems. However, few data are available on procedural and short‐term safety. This retrospective study compared the procedural safety of non‐pre‐shaped screw‐in leads with that of passive‐ and active‐fixation J‐shaped leads.
Patients and Methods: From January 2004 to January 2010, 1,464 patients underwent new pacemaker/implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator implantation. Of these, 915 (study population) received a passive‐ or active‐fixation pre‐J‐shaped lead, or a straight screw‐in atrial lead; the remaining 549 patients, who received only a ventricular lead, were excluded. The three study groups were: Group S‐FIX (165 patients, 18%), receiving a straight screw‐in atrial lead (postshaped in the right appendage); Group J‐PASS (690 patients, 75.4%), receiving a passive‐fixation J‐shaped atrial lead; and Group J‐FIX (60 patients, 6.6%), receiving an active‐fixation screw‐in J‐shaped atrial lead. Procedural and short‐term complication rates were analyzed up to 3 months postimplantation.
Results: One complication occurred in each group (S‐FIX 0.6% vs J‐PASS 0.1% vs J‐FIX 1.6%, P = 0.3, 0.1, and 0.4, respectively, for each comparison). The rate of atrial lead dislodgement was higher in Group J‐PASS than in S‐FIX but not J‐FIX (Group S‐FIX 0 vs Group J‐PASS 16 vs Group J‐FIX 1 dislodgements; P = 0.04 and 0.7, respectively).
Conclusion: Straight screw‐in atrial leads, “J‐post shaped” in the right appendage, offer better stability than passive‐fixation J‐shaped leads and display a similarly acceptable safety profile compared with both the J‐shaped systems. (PACE 2011; 34:325–330)
Interatrial Conduction Correlates with Optimal Atrioventricular Timing in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Devices
Authors: LEVIN VADIM , RAZAVI MEHDI , COLL ROBERT , COLES Jr JAMES A. , SAMBELASHVILI ALEKSANDRE 
Published: January 2011

Background: Echocardiographic optimization of the atrioventricular delay (AV) may result in improvement in cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) outcome. Optimal AV has been shown to correlate with interatrial conduction time (IACT) during right atrial pacing. This study aimed to prospectively validate the correlation at different paced heart rates and examine it during sinus rhythm (Sinus).
Methods: An electrophysiology catheter was placed in the coronary sinus (CS) during CRT implant (n = 33). IACT was measured during Sinus and atrial pacing at 5 beats per minute (bpm) and 20 bpm above the sinus rate as the interval from atrial sensing or pacing to the beginning of the left atrial activation in the CS electrogram. P‐wave duration (PWd) was measured from 12‐lead surface electrocardiogram, and the interval from the right atrial to intrinsic right ventricular activation (RA‐RV) was measured from device electrograms. Within 3 weeks after the implant patients underwent echocardiographic optimization of the sensed and paced AVs by the mitral inflow method.
Results: Optimal sensed and paced AVs were 129 ± 19 ms and 175 ± 24 ms, respectively, and correlated with IACT during Sinus (R = 0.76, P < 0.0001) and atrial pacing (R = 0.75, P < 0.0001), respectively. They also moderately correlated with PWd (R = 0.60, P = 0.0003 during Sinus and R = 0.66, P < 0.0001 during atrial pacing) and RA‐RV interval (R = 0.47, P = 0.009 during Sinus and R = 0.66, P < 0.0001 during atrial pacing). The electrical intervals were prolonged by the increased atrial pacing rate.
Conclusion: IACT is a critical determinant of the optimal AV for CRT programming. Heart rate‐dependent AV shortening may not be appropriate for CRT patients during atrial pacing. (PACE 2011; 34:443–449)