bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CARABIDAE (COLEOPTERA) AS PREDATORS OF THE RED-BACKED CUTWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) IN CENTRAL ALBERTA
Authors: Frank J. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTwenty-one sympatric species of Carabidae fed on eggs of Euxoa ochrogaster Guenée in laboratory trials. Seven species were demonstrated to have fed in the field on cutworms or pupae of E. ochrogaster and six species fed on cutworms in the laboratory. Carabidae are important as predators of E. ochrogaster but failed to eliminate the prey population in a study area in central Alberta.
EFFECTS OF VARIOUS FACTORS ON THE LOCAL DISTRIBUTION AND DENSITY OF COCCINELLID ADULTS ON CORN (COLEOPTERA: COCCINELLIDAE)
Authors: Smith B. C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe adult densities of Hippodamia tredecimpunctata tibialis (Say), Coccinella novemnotata Hbst., and Coccinella transversoguttata richardsoni Brown, on corn fluctuated in July and August and reached their maxima at pollination, whereas the density of Coleomegilla maculata lengi Timberlake fluctuated much less. C. maculata, H. tredecimpunctata, and C. transversoguttata were more numerous on plants with a liver diet applied to their foliage than on untreated plants. H. tredecimpunctata, C. novemnotata, and C. transversoguttata were less numerous on plants that had their tassels removed and produced no pollen than on intact plants. C. maculata, H. tredecimpunctata, and C. transversoguttata were more numerous on plants exposed to the maximum amount of sunshine than on plants that were shaded for part of each day. H. tredecimpunctata was more numerous on plants situated at low elevation than at high elevation, whereas C. transversoguttata was more numerous at high than at low elevation. C. maculata and H. tredecimpunctata were more numerous on plants near the middle of a corn field than on plants at the perimeter of a field adjacent to buckwheat, whereas C. novemnotata and C. transversoguttata were most numerous on plants near the perimeter. Two-species associations of C. maculata and H. tredecimpunctata, C. novemnotata and H. tredecimpunctata, C. novemnotata and C. transversoguttata, and C. novemnotata and H. tredecimpunctata occurred on individual plants. Plant density and time of planting affected coccinellid density. Adult density was greatest at a plant density of 3.2 plants per square metre and adults were more numerous on early than on late planted corn.
ASPECTS OF MATING IN THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Outram I. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractNormal matings of Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) resulted in the transfer of single, persistent spermatophores. The mean duration of copulation was 4 hours with a range from 21/2 to 81/2 hours. All the first matings of males were fertile and the spermatophores were large, while an increasing proportion of the subsequent matings were infertile and the spermatophores became progressively smaller. Only fertilized females laid normal numbers of eggs. There was no evidence to show that insemination can be accomplished without the transfer of a spermatophore. However, the presence of a spermatophore in the bursa of the female was not always indicative of successful insemination.Males mated only once within a 24-hour period; they were least responsive to females just after emergence (< 0.5 day old) and most responsive when 2 to 4 days old. Females mated most readily when < 0.5 day old and became progressively less attractive or less receptive with age. Mated females were not as attractive as unmated females.
A NEW GENUS OF A HOMONEUROUS MOTH AND THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES (LEPIDOPTERA: NEOPSEUSTIDAE)
Authors: Mutuura Akira 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA new genus, Archepiolus, and a new species, schmidi, belonging to the family Neopseustidae and suborder Dacnonypha are described in this paper. This genus and species occupy a very primitive position in the Neopseustidae. The venation shows the most primitive features in all the Dacnonypha; also the male genitalia show a more primitive condition than that of Neopseustis meyricki Hering. Some aspects of the male genitalia are close to Mnesarchaea paracorma Meyrick of the Mnesarchaeidae.The discovery of this moth provides new morphological evidence on the problem of the ancestors of the Dacnonypha and of all Lepidoptera.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF BLACK FLIES (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE) OF THE MAINSTREAM OF THE CROWSNEST–OLDMAN RIVER SYSTEM OF SOUTHERN ALBERTA
Authors: Depner K. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThirteen species of black flies in two genera were found in the Crowsnest and Oldman rivers of southern Alberta. Of these, 11 were in the genus Simulium and 2 were in the genus Prosimulium. The two species of Prosimulium were found only in the Crowsnest River. Three species of Simulium were found only in the Oldman River, three only in the Crowsnest River, and 5 were found in both rivers.
PSYLLA PYRICOLA (HEMIPTERA: PSYLLIDAE) VECTOR RELATIONSHIPS WITH ERWINIA AMYLOVORA
Authors: Wilde W. H. A. , Carpenter J. , Liberty J. , Tunnicliffe J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPsylla pyricola Foerster (pear psylla) transmitted Erwinia amylovora Winslow (fireblight) in 7 of 596 tests made from 1964 to 1969 at the University of Guelph, Guelph, Ont., Canada. Confirmation of transmission was by symptom expression and phage increase in Pyrus test tissue.
VIRUSES OF TRICHOPLUSIA NI (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) AND PIERIS RAPAE (LEPIDOPTERA: PIERIDAE) IN SOIL IN FIELDS OF CRUCIFERS IN SOUTHERN ONTARIO
Authors: Jaques R. P. , Harcourt D. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn 1968 and 1969 soil samples were collected and bioassayed from 116 fields of crucifers from 14 counties in southern Ontario. Residues of T. ni viruses (nuclear-polyhedrosis (NPV) and granulosis (GV)) were found in soil from 12 counties, being detected in 68 and 45% of soil samples in the respective years. P. rapae granulosis virus (GV) occurred in soil from 7 counties, being found in 18 and 19% of samples. T. ni NPV was more common than T. ni GV. The concentration of viruses of both host species in soil was influenced by density of the host population, crop rotation, soil pH, and month of sampling.
THE CONTROL OF WINTER EGGS OF PANONYCHUS ULMI (ACARINA: TETRANYCHIDAE) AND BRYOBIA RUBRIOCULUS (ACARINA: TETRANYCHIDAE) BY M2060 (2-FLUOROETHYL (4-BIPHENYLYL) ACETATE) AND OTHER PRODUCTS IN LEBANON
Authors: Musa Sami , Dosse Gudo 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPanonychus ulmi (Koch) and Bryobia rubrioculus (Scheuten) are very serious pests on apple trees in Lebanon. The effectiveness of M2060 (2 fluoroethyl (4-biphenylyl) acetate), Ovamort, Diotol, Genite, and Citronol plus parathion was investigated on the winter eggs of these two mites in the laboratory and in the field. M2060-oil was highly effective and superior to all products at early and late dormant stages of tree growth. The nearer to egg hatch the other products were applied, the more effective they were.
A NEW PROCEDURE FOR RAPIDLY ESTIMATING EUROPEAN PINE SAWFLY (HYMENOPTERA: DIPRIONIDAE) POPULATION LEVELS IN YOUNG PINE PLANTATIONS
Authors: Wilson Louis F. , Gerrard Douglas J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA method is proposed for rapidly estimating the population levels of European pine sawfly in young red and Scotch pine plantations. On the hypothesis that the numbers of larval colonies per tree are distributed within a stand according to a negative binomial series, it is shown that an estimate Y of the mean sawfly count per tree in any relevant pine stand may be predicted from knowledge of the proportion p of trees infested, by means of the equationin which k is an estimate of a distribution parameter. The estimate k is derived beforehand, by Maximum Likelihood from a series of insect populations representative of those in which predictions are contemplated.Approximate 95% confidence limits for estimated densities are computed from a variance estimator reflecting two sources of error. The plotted confidence bands pertaining to samples of various size furnish a simple criterion for judging directly from the proportion of infested trees whether or not suppression measures are needed in a plantation.
SURVIVAL AND FECUNDITY OF DENDROCTONUS PONDEROSAE (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) AFTER LABORATORY STORAGE
Authors: Watson J. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAdults of Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins were stored at 1 °C in 2-mil polyethylene bags containing moistened excelsior. Under these conditions, 85% of the beetles survived after 30 days. Stored adults showed no decrease in fecundity but the percentage of females in their broods increased with storage duration. Handling prior to storage and interruptions in the storage period resulted in a decrease in survival. Female adults survived storage better than males.
FIVE NEW SPECIES OFMEGAPENTHESFROM THE SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES, WITH A KEY TO THE NEARCTIC SPECIES (COLEOPTERA: ELATERIDAE)
Authors: Becker Edward C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFive new species ofMegapenthesare described:apacheorumfrom Arizona and New Mexico;texanusfrom Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona;fuscusfrom Arizona;antennatusfrom Arizona and Durango (Mexico); andelongatusfrom Arizona and New Mexico. Four species are redescribed:longicornisSchaeffer,variolatusVan Dyke,megalopsVan Dyke, andobtususVan Dyke. The male genitalia of these species are illustrated, and a key to the 29 nearctic species is included. The position ofaterrimusMotschulsky is discussed,DolopiosomusMotschulsky is considered as anomen oblitumunderMegapenthes, andcaprella californicusBrown is synonymized undercaprellaLeConte.
THE INFLUENCE OF LAND USE AND VEGETATION ON THE POPULATION DENSITY OF HYPHANTRIA CUNEA
Authors: Morris R. F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe objects of this study were to determine whether the population density of Hyphantria cunea Drury is dependent on land use, vegetation pattern, and plant species; and to compare the extensive methods designed for this work with more intensive, single-plot designs.In two separate gradations, covering a period of 12 years, density was positively correlated with agricultural land use, open rather than closed patterns of vegetation, and the occurrence of only a few of the principal host species. The analysis showed how these variables affected density both within and between different climatic areas, and suggested how cultural methods might be used in population management.Extensive designs permit the development and testing of holistic models designed to explain both spatial and temporal differences in population density, and provide the replication required for the latter purpose. It is important to model spatial differences in density because such variables as vegetation pattern and composition are sometimes subject to cultural modification. Very intensive designs, based on sampling only a few trees at one point, do not permit the development of complete models and, because of plant host and dispersal phenomena affecting insects and their parasites, produce data that may be unreliable even for sub-models, such as those dealing with host–parasite interactions.
LIFE HISTORY AND BIOLOGY OF EINFELDIA SYNCHRONA (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE)
Authors: Danks H. V. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractEinfeldia synchrona Oliver is univoltine in a small, shallow, highly eutrophic pond near Ottawa (45°N.). Adult emergence is synchronized with slight protandry in May, and from this small pond exceeded 145,000 individuals in 1970. Emergence is inhibited experimentally at short photoperiods. More than one egg mass is produced, during a period of several days following emergence. First instar larvae, which lack ventral tubules, are at first pelagic but build cases before moulting. The remaining three larval instars possess 1 pair of ventral tubules. Larvae show a preference for central areas of the pond over 40 cm deep, and show some mobility in response to seasonal depth changes. There are arrests in the development of larvae both in winter and during summer, with cessation of feeding, penetration into the mud, and construction in winter of special sealed cocoons. Marked year to year differences in the stage reached by winter, and in the larval population level, were detected. Many of these biological features are probably widespread in Chironomini and hence of some importance in the interpretation of studies of the bottom fauna.
PINE ROOT COLLAR WEEVIL DAMAGE TO RED PINE PLANTATIONS IN MICHIGAN RELATED TO HOST AGE, TEMPERATURE, AND STAND LOCATION
Authors: Kennedy Patrick C. , Wilson Louis F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPine root collar weevil damage is least on red pine plantations in cooler areas of northern Lower Michigan, and is inversely related to distance of the host from the nearest weevil infestation. Three hazard zones are suggested based on temperature. A high hazard zone occurs in the western part, a moderate zone in the central, and a low zone in the eastern part of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan.
THE LIFE HISTORY AND BIOLOGY OFHYSSOPUS THYMUS(HYMENOPTERA: EULOPHIDAE), A PARASITE OF THE EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE) IN ONTARIO
Authors: Syme Paul D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA technique for rearingHyssopus thymusis described by which easy observation of behaviour and development is possible. The life history and observations on paralysis, oviposition, host-feeding, and mating in this species are given. Complete development takes about 17 days at a constant temperature of 24 °C. BecauseH.thymusis common and widespread, shows no selection for attack at different tree crown levels, and has been responsible for up to 37% parasitism of overwinteringRhyacionia buolianalarvae, it is concluded that it is the most effective native parasite ofR.buolianain Ontario.
FOUR NEW AND UNUSUAL CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA)
Authors: Saether Ole A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractOne new genus,Phycoidella, and four new species,Cricotopus macraei,Cricotopus flannagani,Phycoidella dentolatens, andLenziella crusculaare described in all stages. The genusLenziellaKieff. is emended. The described species, three Orthocladiinae and one Tanytarsini, have many aberrant, but not necessarily apomorphic features.
A SEX PHEROMONE IN THE INSECT RHODNIUS PROLIXUS (HEMIPTERA: REDUVIIDAE)
Authors: Baldwin W. F. , Knight A. G. , Lynn K. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn Rhodnius, a volatile substance produced by mating pairs is attractive to male insects. The pheromone acts also as a sexual stimulant; males respond in the absence of females by attempting copulation with other males. Air swept over mating pairs and conducted to a cage at a considerable distance proved to be highly attractive to males. Proximity of the sexes, without opportunity for actual contact, does not stimulate production of the pheromone. Since males and females will copulate only after a blood meal, feeding is a prerequisite to pheromone production. Also, unfed males will not respond to the attractant. Males of this nocturnal species were stimulated only in complete darkness.
THE RYE JOINTWORM (HYMENOPTERA: EURYTOMIDAE), A NEW INSECT PEST IN WESTERN CANADA
Authors: Holmes N. D. , Blakeley P. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe rye jointworm, Harmolita secale (Fitch), caused economic damage to fall rye in Alberta in 1968, 1969, and 1970, a first such record for Canada. Infested stems reached an average of 21 galls. Individuals in the laboratory required added moisture for pupation and to facilitate emergence of adults, which occurred during the first week of June in 1970. In 1970, the reproductive potential of about 70 was more than counterbalanced by the failure of almost 90% of the galls to produce adults.
MAXILLARY AND PREMENTAL PATTERNS IN CHIRONOMINAE AND ORTHOCLADIINAE (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE)
Authors: Mozley Samuel C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe maxillae and prementa ofTrissocladius grandis(Kieff.),Chironomus anthracinusZett. and a tanytarsine species nearLauterborniaare figured and the fine details of their external morphology are discussed. The results of a review of larvae in other genera in the Chironominae and Orthocladiinae are briefly stated to illustrate the value of these morphological characters in comparisons among higher taxa within the Chironomidae.
THE DELIMITATION OF GENERA AMONG THE CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA)
Authors: Lindeberg B. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSome aspects of the characterization and delimitation of the chironomid genera are presented. The size and composition of the taxa and different types of splitting are discussed, with examples from Chironomus. Some opinions regarding the practical value of the category subgenus are weighed. Ideas about the relationship between phylogeny and classification are put forward, and some problems concerning the ecological characterization of genera are discussed.
INTRODUCTION AND EVALUATION OF PREDATORS FROM INDIA AND PAKISTAN FOR CONTROL OF THE BALSAM WOOLLY APHID (HOMOPTERA: ADELGIDAE) IN NORTH CAROLINA
Authors: Amman Gene D. , Speers Charles F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBetween 1961 and 1965, 15 species of predators from India and Pakistan were introduced into North Carolina for use in biological control experiments on the balsam woolly aphid. Recovery studies of these species have been made, but to date there is no evidence that any has become established. Lack of establishment is attributed largely to important differences in climate between the old and new environment and also to poor prey acceptance on the part of predator larvae and ovipositing adults.
OVERWINTERING OF SOME NORTH TEMPERATE AND ARCTIC CHIRONOMIDAE: I. THE WINTER ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Danks H. V. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis paper is the first of two concerning overwintering of shallow-pond Chironomidae in regions with cold winters, and deals with winter habitat conditions as a background to a later report on chironomid biology.Some observations on winter temperatures and factors affecting them, especially in terms of whether freezing occurs, are given for shallow ponds near Ottawa, Ont. (45° N.), where mean air temperatures are about −10 °C for the 3 months of midwinter. Ice thickness was inversely proportional to the depth of overlying snow. The high snow cover on a sheltered pond prevented thick ice from forming and the bottom temperature at a depth of 25 cm remained near +2 °C throughout the winter. Up to 40 cm ice occurred on an exposed pond where snow was largely blown away. Maximum ice thickness was not reached until mid-January. The mud surface at a depth of 15 cm froze only on 22 December and at a depth of 25 cm not until 11 January. The minimum temperature near the margin (at a depth of 15 cm) at the mud surface was −2.6 °C, and 5 cm into the mud was −1.7 °C. In 1969 abnormal rainfall in November increased the pond level by over 30 cm just prior to freezing. Of the area subsequently frozen down to the bottom, three-quarters had been dry in the summer. The frozen portion represented 61% of the total pond area.The winter features of shallow pond environments as winter habitats in north temperate regions and in the arctic are reviewed. In north temperate regions, there is great variability in terms of freezing, produced by a complex of interactions between local topography, precipitation, and air temperatures. The minimum in the least favoured areas, maintained for a relatively short period, is only a few degrees Centigrade below freezing, and often considerable areas remain unfrozen especially in sheltered habitats. Part of most summer-permanent habitats remains unfrozen except in unusually severe years. Winter conditions are ameliorated beneath ice and snow insulation by heat stored in the earth below; solar radiation is probably of little importance. Winter stagnation with exhaustion of oxygen may occur in unfrozen areas beneath ice cover, together with increase of concentration of solutes. In the arctic, ponds up to about 1½ to 2 m deep are frozen to the bottom. Minima in the bottom mud may reach −20 °C or −30 °C for several months depending on latitude and on local topography.
THE LIFE CYCLES OF SOME STREAM INSECTS (EPHEMEROPTERA, PLECOPTERA) IN ALBERTA
Authors: Radford D. S. , Hartland-Rowe R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe life histories of Nemoura besametsa, Epeorus deceptivus, Epeorus longimanus, and Ephemerella coloradensis are described as "fast seasonal" types and Arcynopteryx aurea, Nemoura cinctipes, Nemoura columbiana, Nemoura oregonensis, Cinygmula ramaleyi, Ephemerella doddsi, and Rhithrogena doddsi as "slow seasonal" types according to Hynes’ (1961) classification. All of the species are univoltine with the exception of N. cinctipes which may be bivoltine. There seems to be a correlation between life cycles and food availability. A means of ecological separation in the four Nemoura species is elucidated. Stream temperature was found to influence growth rates.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CONE CROP SIZE AND CONE DAMAGE BY INSECTS IN RED PINE SEED-PRODUCTION AREAS
Authors: Mattson William J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAnnual cone abundance and insect damage to cones are highly variable in red pine seed-production areas. Cone crop size fluctuates almost unpredictably from year to year, but the number of insect-attacked cones tends to increase annually unless limited by cone abundance. Sixty-six per cent of the variation in cone damage can be associated with variations in cone abundance. This information, coupled with the fact that red pine cone insects are almost entirely dependent on red pine cones for food, implies that crop size is highly important in regulating populations of cone insects. Insects will be most devastating in areas where crop size varies little from year to year.
STUDIES OF PHYSIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE ARTHROPOD SECRETIONS: VI. EVIDENCE FOR A SEX PHEROMONE IN FEMALEORGYIA LEUCOSTIGMA(LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIDAE)
Authors: Percy Miss J. E. , Gardiner Miss E. J. , Weatherston J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe results of behavioural, chemical, and histological studies are reported showing the presence of a sex attractant in femaleOrgyia leucostigmaJ. E. Smith. A method of bioassaying the attractancy of the female moths by the use of 4-ft-long glass tubes is given. Extraction of female abdominal tips with dichloromethane yields material biologically active when tested against maleO.leucostigma.The pheromone-producing gland is a dorsally situated, crescent-shaped structure formed by modification of the epidermal cells in the intersegmental membrane between the eighth and ninth abdominal segments. The glandular cells are goblet-shaped and are arranged in an unusual manner.
MAJOR FACTORS IN SURVIVAL OF THE IMMATURE STAGES OF HYLEMYA BRASSICAE (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE) ON CABBAGE
Authors: Mukerji M. K. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractStudies on the population dynamics of the cabbage maggot, Hylemya brassicae (Bouché), on cabbage were carried out at two locations in Ontario from 1967 to 1970. Analysis of life-table data for nine generations showed that extensive mortalities occurred during the following age intervals: (1) egg stage; (2) between hatching and the second moult; (3) third-instar larvae; (4) pupal stage. Density dependent mortality occurred only during the latter period. The analysis of age interval survivals and graphical key factor analysis showed that "misadventure" of the larvae between hatching and the second moult was the key factor. The overall mortality process from egg to adult eclosion was density dependent, revealing the importance of pupal parasitism as a stabilizing factor. A predictive model based on density relationships was found to explain 62% of the variance in generation survival. The remainder of the variance is unexplained and may be due to sampling error and/or the influence of factors not measured.
NINE NEW SPECIES OF FORCIPOMYIA (DIPTERA: CERATOPOGONIDAE) DESCRIBED IN ALL STAGES
Authors: Chan K. L. , Leroux E. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractNine new species of Forcipomyia are described in all stages, two belonging to the subgenus Proforcipomyia, five to Forcipomyia s. str., and two to Trichohelea.