bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rethinking the Neurodiversity Debate from the Harmful Dysfunction Perspective
Authors: Conrad Jordan A. , Wakefield Jerome C. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Neurodiversity advocates argue that psychiatry mistakenly classifies certain normal psychological variations as mental disorders. These arguments raise fundamental issues about psychiatric diagnosis and classification and tend to be broadly revisionist in claiming that entire DSM categories are in fact normal “neurodiverse” conditions. This chapter evaluates these arguments within the framework of Jerome Wakefield’s evolutionary “harmful dysfunction analysis” of mental disorder and with a focus on disorders involving the expression of emotion. The authors argue that the considerable heterogeneity of most DSM categories suggests the likelihood that each category is a mix of true disorders caused by dysfunctions and miscategorized normal neurodiversity. They explore several standard DSM categories, each of which has implications for emotional processes, including psychopathy, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and autistic spectrum disorder, to illustrate how heterogeneity can both warrant and limit neurodiversity claims.
Shame
Authors: Landers Mitchell , Sznycer Daniel , Al-Shawaf Laith 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A central adaptive problem for human ancestors was the potential or actual spread of reputationally damaging information about the self—information that would decrease the inclination of other group members to render assistance. The emotion of shame appears to be the solution engineered by natural selection to defend against this threat. The existing evidence suggests that shame is a neurocomputational program that orchestrates various elements of the cognitive architecture in the service of deterring the individual from making choices wherein the personal benefits are exceeded by the prospective costs of being devalued by others; preventing negative information about the self from reaching others; and minimizing the adverse effects of social devaluation when it occurs. While shame, like pain, causes personal suffering and sometimes leads to hostile behavior, an evolutionary psychological analysis suggests the shame system is elegantly designed to deter injurious choices and make the best of a bad situation.
The Context of Indigenous Participation in Archaeology in Mexico
Authors: Lizama-Aranda Lilia , Rogers William A. , Herrera José Israel 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the private sphere in heritage conservation and the Indigenous communities having a place in the protection, use, and conservation of Mexico’s patrimonial heritage. The authors explore the definition of the term “Indigenous,” the identification, recognition, and treatment of the Indigenous, as well as the Indigenous relationship with Mexico’s constitution. The chapter examines the corresponding federal law of heritage that governs archaeology and its relationship with Indigenous people and their social participation. It discusses in detail the ownership of national assets and what is understood to be archaeological patrimony. Education and literacy among the Indigenous population are brought up in the context of social and economic disparities among the general population. The chapter provides a reference for academia and legislators to consider opening their doors wider for a more inclusive and balanced social participation, with an emphasis on the inclusion of Indigenous participation in archaeology. An important secondary goal is to allow the economy to grow within Mexico’s archaeological, anthropological, and related fields.
Fish Traps, Seed-Grinding and Food Stores
Authors: Kerkhove Ray C. , Silcock Jennifer L. , Williams Douglas , Kotarba-Morley Ania , Keenan-Jones Duncan , Wright Nathan J. , Morley Mike W. , Gorringe Joshua , Scholz Glen , Lowe Kelsey M. , Cemre Üstünkaya M. , Stephens Samantha , Moss Patrick T. , Westaway Michael C. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Over the last decade of Australian archaeology there has been a notable absence of studies of Aboriginal social and economic systems on a regional scale, due in part to preference for generic modeling incorporating metadata. Such broad narratives generated by meta-data models and use of carbon dates as proxies for understanding demographic transitions can gloss over important local dynamics and details. In this study, the authors employed a regional approach to assess Australian Aboriginal food production systems. They combined early ethnographic observations with available archaeological evidence to reconstruct Mithaka economies, especially pertaining to fish traps, water management, fishing, and utilization of seeding grasses. These specific activities were targeted as being central to current debates on Australian Aboriginal food production systems. The ethnohistoric record was found to support a model of the Mithaka and their neighbors being considerably less mobile than previously assumed, concentrating on permanent waterholes especially during dry periods. The study revealed an economy uniquely adapted to the region’s “boom and bust” ecology. It was dominated by the construction and use of gigantic nets, fish traps, long-distance trade, and the processing and storage of “preserves.” On the basis of this case study, the authors propose methodologies for further archaeological investigation that could inform the “Dark Emu” debate that is currently prevalent in interpreting Australia’s deep past.
Remote Sensing and Artificial Intelligence for Mountain Archaeology
Authors: Magnini Luigi , De Guio Armando , Bettineschi Cinzia 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter will focus on state-of-the-art applications of remote sensing and Artificial Intelligence (AI) for the archaeological investigation of the mountain environment. It will provide introductory knowledge on the most relevant passive and active sensors mounted on drone, aerial, and satellite platforms. Particularly, the chapter will consider visible RGB photography, multi- and hyperspectral imaging, LiDAR data and visualizations, and Synthetic Aperture Radar. After a general introduction on the principles of earth observation, the major challenges of its application in montane regions will be thoroughly discussed, including high gradients and rugged morphology, dense afforestation, remoteness, weather conditions, and climate change. Moreover, a general overview and critical assessment of automated image-classification techniques and AI approaches employed in mountain archaeology will be provided. By scrutinizing these methodologies, the chapter aims to discern the most promising trends that hold significant potential for shaping the future of archaeological investigations in mountainous terrains. Through this exploration, readers will gain insights into the evolving synergy between remote sensing, AI, and mountain archaeology, paving the way for advancements and innovations in this interdisciplinary field.
Mediated Community Singing
Authors: Morgan-Ellis Esther M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Audiovisual and broadcast media have been used to facilitate participatory singing since the early 20th century. In the 21st century—and especially since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic—they have become increasingly integral to a wide array of participatory singing practices. Any form of community singing that relies on audiovisual or broadcast media can be described as “mediated community singing.” In most cases, mediation separates participants from one another in time and space, and immersion in the experience requires participants to imagine one another and the singing community. A distinction can be drawn between in-person communities that employ media to facilitate their singing activities and dispersed communities that can only convene via mediation. Chapters in this section consider a range of mediated singing experiences spanning two centuries.
Brigadoon in the Heights
Authors: McPherson Eve 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Since the mid-2000s, community members have gathered annually in a middle-class Ohio suburban home to sing. Like the mythical community of Brigadoon, this gathering is fleeting. Also as in Brigadoon, participation transports singers, although this transportation is nostalgic rather than magical. Every year, participants of the “Sing Along” submit a song to organizers and, when the group gathers, explain the song’s personal value and associated memory. The group then communally sings it. Participants are thus tasked to consciously display aspects of identity through song choice. Most songs reflect a personal relationship with various leftist political causes. Additionally, the Sing Along always includes pieces selected by the organizer that are specifically intended to celebrate leftist ideology. In this way, the Sing Along entwines the personal and the political through unison singing and intimately bonds its community of singers. It is a ritual of existential communitas that functions to foster continued activism in a community that sees itself as progressive and leftist. This chapter examines the Sing Along’s origins, ritual structuring, expressive framework, and the values it asks participants to embrace through voices joined in song.
Songs of Diversity
Authors: Birch Catherine , Currie Ruth , Dawson Wayne , Clift Stephen 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The chapter presents insights from three case studies of different community singing initiatives in the United Kingdom: a singing group in a women’s prison, a singing group that is part of a community music organization, and an LGBTQ+ choir. These qualitative, culturally, and contextually specific accounts are framed in the context of a wider literature on singing and well-being that adopts the more positivistic, standardized procedures of structured surveys and controlled experimental evaluations. It is argued that individual case studies are particularly valuable for the insights they provide into the particularities of individuals, projects, and music-making, with special reference to a chosen repertoire of songs, including those composed specifically to address challenges of identity and well-being specific to the groups involved. The aim of this chapter is to illustrate the opportunities for learning that come from discussion across case studies. This is done in recognition of knowledge-exchange as a process of evaluation, situating case studies as a methodological tool that goes beyond evidencing the positive change experiences of participating in community singing.
Peace and Harmony Prevailing
Authors: Schaeffer Andrew 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
If one were to visit a Masonic lodge, they might be surprised to find a piano or pipe organ, and a cabinet—likely coated with a layer of dust—containing old songbooks such as The Masonic Harp (1858) or Holden’s Sacred Music for Men’s Voices for Masonic Use (1893), which serve as artifacts of a largely bygone era of Masonic communal singing. From its arrival in the United States in the 17th century through the present day, Freemasonry has been compelled to respond to a shifting religious landscape in the United States and a continuing redefinition of masculinity itself. From the primitive, lighthearted odes that filled English taverns in the 17th century to the dignified hymns and anthems of the late 19th century, Masonic song has served as a microcosm of these currents, changing to reflect the evolving needs and morals of the fraternity. Despite these changes, the mission of Masonic singing remains constant: to harness the power of community and to enrich the many rituals that form the core of the organization. Through the analysis of Masonic songbooks from varying eras and regions, this study traces the origins of Masonic song through present-day application. Though Freemasonry is composed of a complex, world-wide network of organizations, each with its own tradition of singing, this study focuses specifically on blue lodge Masonic singing in the United States.
Estonian Singing Traditions as an Impetus for Community Building and Expressing Estonian Cultural Heritage in Australia
Authors: Cooper Naomi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines how singing traditions from Estonia have inspired the creation of a community of singers in Australia, strengthened connections within the Estonian Australian community, and allowed Estonian Australians to express and share their cultural heritage locally and overseas. Choral singing has long been part of Estonian culture, and the Singing Revolution (1986–1991) saw Estonians sing their way to independence from the Soviet Union. Laulupidu (f. 1869) is a large choral festival in Tallin that holds special significance for Estonian people. Many Estonians fleeing Soviet and German occupation during World War II settled in Australia, and the choral traditions associated with Laulupidu came with the diaspora. A small group of Estonian Australians aspired to perform at Laulupidu and so established the Kooskõlas community choir, a Sydney group that auditioned for and performed at the festival in 2014. Kooskõlas re-formed in 2017, expanding into a nationwide choir, and 70 singers from five Australian states performed at the next Laulupidu in 2019. These successes have had a resounding impact, enabling interstate community connections and new opportunities for Estonian cultural expression across a large country, with the nationwide choir continuing in an ongoing capacity beyond the scope of the original Laulupidu project.
Capitalism by Any Other Name(s)
Authors: Scarborough Isaac McKean 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
When the Soviet Union disintegrated in December 1991, so did its economy, leaving behind 15 successor states and a variety of economic models. Part of the reason for the economic disparity among the Soviet vestiges was the fact that economic reform had proceeded inconsistently before 1991, as market elements slowly and then rapidly—if sometimes haphazardly—moved into economic sectors and cities after 1985. These market elements and the reforms that legalized them, moreover, were built on a long-standing debate in Soviet economics about the place of market mechanisms in the command economy, a debate that remained unresolved in 1991. Yet even at the point of the collapse of the USSR and its economic system, this debate continued, as late Soviet republican governments took different approaches to balancing marketization with the markedly socialist expectations of their populaces and bureaucrats. Considering the economic reforms and background debates occurring in Moscow and elsewhere in the USSR both after Mikhail Gorbachev’s ascent to power 1985 and before perestroika, this chapter considers how markets went from being an unspeakable word that had to be disguised with aphorisms to an ideal to be achieved.
Illiberalism in the Global South and the Rise of China and Russia
Authors: Marat Erica 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Illiberal governance is on the rise across the globe. In parallel, China and Russia are increasing their investments and political presence in many countries. This chapter argues that both actors are leveraging existing illiberal trends in the Global South to expand their global reach. The chapter focuses on three countries—Brazil, South Africa, and Pakistan—to demonstrate how the rise of domestic illiberalism, fueled by polarized politics, corruption, and an appeal to traditional values, has turned both China and Russia into attractive international partners in otherwise pro-Western and democratic countries of the Global South. Aggressive plans for economic growth in these countries have been fueled in part by their leaders’ personal ambitions for consolidating power. Particularly appealing are China’s one-party political system, responsible for the country’s economic growth, and Beijing’s investment in large infrastructure projects, as well as Russia’s positioning of the Orthodox Church at the center of domestic politics and its Soviet-era ties with the Global South.
Machine Learning in Medical Systems
Authors: Hu Wanheng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Medicine and healthcare are crucial areas in the application of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI). While ML promises to revolutionize healthcare, it also raises various social, ethical, and regulatory issues as well as novel sociological questions. This chapter sets a sociological agenda on ML in medical systems. After briefly explaining the ML applications in medicine and their practical concerns, it reviews how scholars in medical sociology, science and technology studies, critical data studies, and relevant fields have begun to study this topic. Five key themes are highlighted: imaginaries and expectations, politics of digital health data, algorithmic knowledge production, medical ML systems at work, and governance and ethics. All these areas have important practical implications and considerable potential for further research. Finally, the chapter draws upon the case of the Chinese medical AI industry to emphasize the importance of local contexts and nuances for the sociological agenda.
Machine Learning in the Arts and Cultural and Creative Industries
Authors: Dzhimova Mariya 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The increasing use of machine learning (ML) algorithms in arts and culture is transforming and reorganizing its practices, processes, and structures. These socio-technical changes can be observed along the entire value chain, from the creation of culture and art to its production, mediation, and distribution. First, this chapter aims to provide an overview of the different fields of application of ML technologies in the arts as well as in the cultural and creative industries by highlighting relevant issues, themes, and research questions that arise from these applications for the sociology of art in particular and for sociology in general. Second, the chapter focuses on a specific case—namely, the use of ML in artistic practice within the visual arts—by addressing the issue of agency. Finally, the chapter aims to provide an outlook for future sociological research on the adoption of ML in the arts and cultural sector as well as in society.
Declarations of Independence and the Law of Nations
Authors: Armitage David 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Declarations of independence—documents in which new or restored sovereignties are announced to the international community—are among the most enduring and widespread instruments of international law. Over the past two and a half centuries, hundreds of such declarations have appeared from every continent except Antarctica and more than half of the member States of the United Nations possess at least one such foundational document. This chapter argues for the distinctiveness of these declarations’ origins in the Americas: that is, North, Central and South America, and the Caribbean. It concludes that more than any other instruments of international law, declarations of independence deserve to be seen as “American” in this enlarged sense, even as they have gone global in the decades since their invention after 1776.
Movement Lessons at Standing Rock
Authors: Houska Tara 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In 2016, a group of young Native Americans from the Standing Rock Sioux Reservation started an encampment on federal lands to protest the construction of a pipeline intended to transport shale oil from North Dakota to Illinois, Texas, and beyond. The movement would capture the world’s attention, bring a great many Indigenous peoples and their allies together into a wide range of camps, and start a broader social movement. This is a personal reflection upon life in one of the many protest camps, including the decision-making among the tribal leaders and other stakeholders and the heavy-handed way in which the police (and other security actors) responded to the camp to enforce corporate interests over those of environmental and Indigenous rights.
Populism and Republicanism
Authors: Jäger Anton 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Can republicans be populists and populists republicans? According to some powerful trends in political theory, both questions can only receive a resolutely negative answer. Populism and republicanism are bound to diverge in their mutually incompatible commitment to a republican ‘rule of law’ or a populist ‘rule by law’: while republicans celebrate the impersonal force of the rule of law, populists personalize political power into a rule by law, preferring immediate decisions by strongmen over careful deliberation in parliaments. Thus, it is very hard for populists to be republicans, and even harder for republicans to be populists. This chapter seeks to weaken the opposition by taking a historical step back. It focuses on the first self-declared populist movement in modern history, the American People’s Party of the late 19th century, and investigates its deep debts to the classical republican tradition. It shows how this original populism grew out of an attempt to adapt ancient republican principles to modern industrial circumstances, and the contradictions this attempt generated. In the latter sense, an investigation of an earlier populist republicanism not only yields important insights into the general nexus between populism and republicanism or the deficiencies of liberal democracy, but also central dilemmas of modern political life itself.
Republican Political Education
Authors: Pietrzyk-Reeves Dorota 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter argues that today’s interest in republicanism and a neo-republican perspective should include a normative vision of political education which refers to various key concepts of the classical republican tradition, but also has a practical component described here as self-education. The vision that is offered sees politics as an activity of free persons, and political education as primarily self-education, a process of learning that aims at greater political awareness, empowerment, recognition of civic duty, and a better judgement on political issues. These are key practical remedies to the diminished role of the public good and the shallowness of politics in a liberal-democratic order. Republican political education is also as a significant contribution to the preservation of a free society as a necessary condition of active political and civic involvement, community service, citizenship, civic intelligence, and political liberty. It fosters the conception of a republican democracy of vigilant citizens by indicating the resources that shape such vigilance. One of them is the very awareness of the political, of being a member of various groups and communities that have political goals, such that can be achieved only through political arrangements, deliberation, and compromise.