bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of conducting polyaniline‐montmorillonite nanocomposites via inverse emulsion polymerization in supercritical carbon dioxide
Authors: Sun Fu , Pan Yuejin , Wang Jing , Wang Zi , Hu Chunpu , Dong Qingzhi 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA new inverse emulsion polymerization and intercalation procedure in supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) was initially employed to synthesize polyaniline‐montmorillonite (PANI‐MMT) nanocomposites. The effect of chemical groups in MMT galleries on intercalation in SCCO2 was investigated. The MMTs modified by different organic cationic surfactants were incorporated into the composite particles, and in unintercalated, partially delaminated or fully exfoliated state. The aminated MMT or fluorinated MMT were utilized to prepare conducting PANI‐MMT nanocomposites with highly concentrated (12–25 wt% loading to monomer), fully exfoliated MMT platelets in SCCO2. The structure and morphology of PANI‐MMT nanocomposites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray powder diffraction pattern (XRD), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) was performed to demonstrate the enhancement of thermal stability of the composites. SCCO2 was shown to be more effective for impregnation, disaggregation and exfoliation of MMTs than isooctane, which indicates that SCCO2 is an alternative solvent for synthesis of some intercalated composite materials, not only based on the environmental friendly characteristic of SCCO2, but also owing to that SCCO2 can play an important role in intercalative polymerization. POLYM. COMPOS., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Random discontinuous carbon fiber preforms: Experimental permeability characterization and local modeling
Authors: Endruweit A. , Harper L.T. , Turner T.A. , Warrior N.A. , Long A.C. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractInjection experiments indicate that for random discontinuous carbon fiber preforms, increasingly uneven flow fronts develop with increasing fiber bundle length and filament count. While at high propensity for fiber bundle splitting, the preform permeability increases continuously with increasing fiber length, no trend can be identified at low propensity. No clear influence of the virgin bundle filament count on the preform permeability was observed. Types of sizing used on the fibers and bundle cross‐sectional shapes may vary and affect the intrinsic filamentization behavior, thus dominating the preform permeability. In a model for local preform permeability, interbundle voids, distributed randomly across the preform thickness, are approximated via a regular void structure. Simulated filling patterns are qualitatively similar to those observed experimentally, showing more pronounced features than those derived from a model based on local through‐thickness homogenization of the filament distribution. A model based on an alternating arrangement of fiber bundles and voids allows prediction of global preform permeability values from series of injection simulations, showing quantitatively better agreement with corresponding experimental results than the homogenization model. For global permeability, agreement between simulated and experimental mean values improves with increasing fiber volume fraction, whereas calculated coefficients of variation show no strong dependence on the fiber volume fraction. POLYM. COMPOS., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Effects of organoclay on morphology and properties of nanocomposites based on LDPE/PA‐6 blends without and with SEBS‐g‐MA compatibilizer
Authors: Filippi Sara , Dintcheva Nadka Tzankova , Scaffaro Roberto , La Mantia Francesco Paolo , Polacco Giovanni , Magagnini Pierluigi 
Published: March 2009

AbstractLDPE/PA‐6 blends (75/25 wt/wt) were added with SEBS‐g‐MA (S) and/or an organoclay (20A) using different compounding sequences and the morphology and the properties of the blends or composites were investigated. An XRD study of the nanocomposites with pure polymers showed that 20A is intercalated by LDPE or PA‐6 chains, whereas it is exfoliated by S if the clay concentration does not exceed 10 wt%. The SEM investigation showed that both S and 20A behave as efficient emulsifying agents for the LDPE/PA‐6 blends. However, their effect on the mechanical properties was found to be opposite: S enhanced toughness but lowered the stiffness, whereas 20A improved the elastic modulus but impaired the impact properties. When used together, these additives failed to have synergistic effects and the blends mechanical properties could not be improved strongly. A possible interpretation for this behavior was suggested, considering that the anhydride groups of S can competitively interact with the amine end groups of PA‐6 and with the surface of the silicate layer of 20A. Nevertheless, an optimization of the compounding procedure and the use of appropriate proportions of S and 20A allow the preparation of composites with excellent morphology and a satisfactory balance of stiffness and toughness. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
In‐situ polymerization of polyamide 66 nanocomposites utilizing interfacial polycondensation, Part 1: Organoclay nanocomposites
Authors: Kalkan Zehra S. , Goettler Lloyd A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractEffective dispersion of organically modified montmorillonite‐layered silicates in nylon 66 is addressed by synthesizing nanocomposites in situ via interfacial polycondensation from a suspension of silicate platelets in one of the monomer phases using either a stirred or unstirred reactor, while avoiding the detrimental heat history associated with melt compounding of this high melting polymer system. The effects of mixing methodology, reaction conditions, concentration ratio, and clay content are evaluated to elucidate process mechanisms and produce high molecular weight product. Enhanced stiffness of the nanocomposites measured by tensile modulus is related to their nanoscale morphology as characterized by transmission electron microscopy and wide angle X‐ray diffraction. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Effect of the type of carbon nanotubes on tribological properties of polyamide 6
Authors: Giraldo Luis F. , López Betty L. , Brostow Witold 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMultiwalled carbon nanotubes have been synthesized by catalytic chemical vapor deposition of ethylene, using two different catalysts in order to obtain nanotubes with average diameters of 24 and 58 nm, and different lengths. Polyamide 6 (PA6) was reinforced by melt‐mixing in an extruder with 2 wt% functionalized and unfunctionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The nanocomposites were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and sliding wear determination (SWD). SWD results show a reduction of the residual depth in a scratch test. The reduction is larger in the presence of unfunctionalized CNTs. A further reduction is obtained when decreasing the nanotubes diameter, an effect which is related to larger interfaces between the nanotube and polymeric matrix. CNTs enhance the crystallinity of the polymer and act as nucleation sites, thus increasing the crystallization temperature in respect to neat PA6. The addition of carbon nanotubes helps the formation of PA6 in α‐crystalline form, which is thermodynamically more stable that the γ‐form. CNTs also can act as heterogeneous nucleation sites, hampering the movement of the polymer chains and increasing the crystallization temperature. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
The neuropsychology of borderline personality disorder: A preliminary study on the predictive variance of neuropsychological tests vs. personality trait dimensions
Authors: Black Donald W. , Forbush Kelsie T. , Langer Amie , Shaw Martha , Graeber Margarita A. , Moser David J. , Bayless John , Watson David , Hovick Lauren , Meyer Vanessa J. , Blum Nancee 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBorderline personality disorder (BPD) has been associated both with frontolimbic dysfunction and maladaptive personality traits such as impulsivity and neuroticism. The purpose of this study was to examine whether there are differences in predictive variance between neuropsychological variables and selected personality traits in persons with BPD. We compared persons with DSM‐IV BPD (n = 25) to individuals without BPD or substance abuse (n = 20). All subjects completed a battery of neuropsychological tests, Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory, and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. BPD subjects had evidence of cognitive inhibition, and deficits in working memory, perseveration, and decision‐making not accounted for by IQ differences between groups. In particular, Stroop Interference remained significant after controlling for IQ, depression and alcohol use (p = 0.043). They also had higher levels of impulsivity, novelty seeking and harm avoidance, but lower levels of self‐directedness and cooperativeness than the comparison group. Logistic regression analyses indicated that both personality traits (Nagelkerke R2 = 0.74, Model χ2 = 36.21, p < 0.001) and neuropsychological tests (Nagelkerke R2 = 0. 47, Model χ2 = 19.22, p < 0.001) were significant predictors of BPD. However, neuropsychological tests did not add significant incremental variance over selected personality trait dimensions in predicting BPD (Block χ2 = 6.45, p = 0.168), whereas personality traits added significant incremental variance over neuropsychological tests in predicting BPD (Block χ2 = 3.44, p < 0.001). This study suggests that persons with BPD have impaired neuropsychological performance, but that impulsivity and other selected personality traits have a primary role in predicting BPD over and above neuropsychological test abnormalities. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On structural and spectroscopic differences between quinoline‐2‐carboxamides and theirN‐oxides in the solution and solid state
Authors: Kamiński Radosław , Schilf Wojciech , Cmoch Piotr , Dziembowska Teresa , Woźniak Krzysztof 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIntramolecular hydrogen bonding in the primarily and secondarily substituted quinoline‐2‐carboxamides and theirN‐oxides has been studied in the solution by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. Hydrogen bonding patterns and supramolecular arrangement in the solid state have been determined by single crystal X‐ray analysis. In quinoline‐2‐carboxamides weak, nonlinear intramolecular NH…N hydrogen bond is present, but in the solid state the intermolecular hydrogen bonds and packing forces are the factors that decide on the properties of 3D structures. In quinoline‐2‐carboxamideN‐oxides the most important structural features are the intramolecular hydrogen bonds. Details of different weak interactions and resulting 3D arrangement of molecules are discussed.In the solution, two separate1H signals are observed for the primary quinoline‐2‐carboxamides in the range fromca. 5.8 to 8.1 ppm. The chemical shifts of the NH group's proton for studied R′‐quinoline‐2‐R‐carboxamides are in the range from 8.1 to 8.4 ppm. For theN‐oxide of 4‐R′‐quinoline‐2‐carboxamides (R′ = H, Me, OPh, Cl and Br), the values of the proton chemical shifts of the NH group in the range from 10.78 to 11.38 ppm (for primary amides) indicating that this group forms hydrogen bonds with the oxygen of theN‐oxide group. This bond is stronger than the NH…N bond in quinoline‐2‐carboxamides. For the secondary amideN‐oxides, theδ(NH) values are increasing from 11.25 to 11.77 ppm in the sequence of substituents 4‐Br < 4‐Cl < 4‐H < 4‐Me < 4‐OPh. For 4‐substituted compounds these values depend also on the substituent effect. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photochromism of new unsymmetrical isomeric diarylethenes bearing a methoxyl group
Authors: Pu Shouzhi , Liu Weijun , Miao Wenjuan 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThree new unsymmetrical isomeric diarylethenes having a methoxyl substituent at ortho‐, meta‐, and para‐position of the terminal benzene ring, namely 1‐(2,5‐dimethyl‐3‐thienyl)‐2‐[2‐methyl‐5‐(2‐methoxylphenyl)‐3‐thienyl]perfluorocyclopentene (1o), 1‐(2,5‐dimethyl‐3‐thienyl)‐2‐[2‐methyl‐5‐(3‐methoxylphenyl)‐3‐thienyl]perfluorocyclopentene (2o), and 1‐(2,5‐dimethyl‐3‐ thienyl)‐2‐[2‐methyl‐5‐(4‐methoxylphenyl)‐3‐thienyl]perfluorocyclopentene (3o), have been synthesized. The substituent position effect of methoxyl group on their properties, including photochromism and fluorescence both in hexane solution and in PMMA film, and their electrochemical properties, were investigated in detail. These diarylethenes showed good photochromism both in solution and in PMMA film. For the same photochromic diarylethene backbone, the electron‐ donating methoxyl substituent can effectively depress the cyclization quantum yields and increase the cycloreversion quantum yields compared to those of diarylethenes bearing chlorine atoms reported previously. Diarylethenes 1o–3o showed clear fluorescent switches by photoirradiation both in hexane and in PMMA film. In addition, cyclic voltammetry tests showed that the electron‐donating methoxyl group at different position on the terminal benzene ring had a significant effect on the electrochemical properties of these isomeric diarylethenes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The importance of reliable inertisation and grounding of ignition sensitive powder handling systems
Authors: Roper Bill 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA fire occurred in a powder handling facility handling highly ignition sensitive organic powders used as antioxidants for the plastics industry. Fortunately little damage was done and no one was injured. The incident was investigated and the facts examined with conclusions made as to the possible causes. The incident may have been prevented had production management set in place a set of regular controls, carried out by the process operators themselves, to ensure integrity of equipment designed to ensure the safety of the system. This article describes the basics of such a Safety Maintenance and Control (SAMACO) system. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2009
Improvements in the safety screening of resin manufacturing processes
Authors: Kalfas George , Krieger Todd , Wilcox Ross 
Published: March 2009

AbstractConsequences of acrylic resin reactor runaways can be devastating, as it is evident in investigation reports of industrial accidents. Critical in preventing major accidents is the safety screening of any acrylic resin formula to be manufactured in large scale. Computer model simulations facilitate the evaluation of “layers of protection” against acrylic polymerization runaways. This work describes the adaptation of a chemical process dynamic simulator (DuPont™ TMODS™) for use in simulating acrylic polymerization runaways. “Loss of cooling” and “monomer pooling (accumulation)” scenarios are the causes of these runaways. Simulations show that scenarios leading to “monomer pooling” result in more energetic runaways and to larger emergency relief capacity requirements than “loss of cooling” scenarios. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2009
Membrane permeability and antimicrobial kinetics of cecropin P1 against Escherichia coli
Authors: Arcidiacono Steven , Soares Jason W. , Meehan Alexa M. , Marek Patrick , Kirby Romy 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe interaction of cecropin P1 (CP1) with Escherichiacoli was investigated to gain insight into the time‐dependent antimicrobial action. Biophysical characterizations of CP1 with whole bacterial cells were performed using both fluorescent and colorimetric assays to investigate the role of membrane permeability and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) binding in lytic behavior. The kinetics of CP1 growth inhibition assays indicated a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 3 µM. Bactericidal kinetics at the MIC indicated rapid killing of E.coli (<30 min). Membrane permeability studies illustrated permeation as a time‐dependent event. Maximum permeability at the MIC occurred within 30 min, which correlates to the bactericidal action. Further investigation showed that the immediate permeabilizing action of CP1 is concentration‐dependent, which correlates to the concentration‐dependent nature of the inhibition assays. At the MIC and above, the immediate permeability was significant enough that the cells could not recover and exhibit growth. Below the MIC, immediate permeability was evident, but the level was insufficient to inhibit growth. Dansyl polymyxin B displacement studies showed LPS binding is essentially the same at all concentrations investigated. However, it does appear that only the immediate interaction is important, because binding continued to increase over time beyond cell viability. Our studies correlated CP1 bactericidal kinetics to membrane permeability suggesting CP1 concentration‐dependent killing is driven by the extent of the immediate permeabilizing action of the peptide. Copyright © 2009 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Immobilization strategies for small molecule, peptide and protein microarrays
Authors: Köhn Maja 
Published: March 2009

AbstractProtein, peptide and small molecule microarrays are valuable tools in biological research. In the last decade, substantial progress has been achieved to make these powerful technologies more reliable and available for researchers. This review describes chemical preparation methods for these microarrays with focus on site‐selective and bioorthogonal immobilization reactions, particularly the Staudinger ligation and the thiol‐ene reaction. In addition, the application of peptide microarrays, which were prepared by Staudinger ligation, to substrate specificity mapping is illustrated. Copyright © 2009 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
RE (RE = Sm, Eu, Gd)‐doped CeO2 single buffer layers for coated conductors prepared by chemical solution deposition
Authors: Sun Ruiping , Pu Minghua , Li Guo , Wang Wentao , Pan Min , Zhang Hong , Lei Ming , Wu Wei , Zhang Xin , Yang Ye , Zhang Yong , Zhao Yong 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTextured RE (RE = Sm, Eu, Gd)‐doped CeO2 single buffer layers for coated conductors were prepared by a polymer assisted chemical solution deposition (PACSD) approach. The as‐grown buffer layers on biaxially textured NiW(5%) alloy tapes were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as well as atomic force microscopy (AFM). The thicknesses of these buffer layers have been determined to be over 150 nm, on which a YBCO film has been deposited with an onset transition temperature above 90 K and a critical current density of 1 MA cm–2. These results indicate that RE doping can increase the critical thickness of CeO2 and PACSD may be a cost‐effective way to deposit CeO2. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Luminescence investigation of zinc molybdate single crystals
Authors: Spassky Dmitry , Vasil'ev Andrey , Kamenskikh Irina , Kolobanov Vitaly , Mikhailin Vitaly , Savon Alexander , Ivleva Ludmila , Voronina Irina , Berezovskaya Ludmila 
Published: March 2009

AbstractZinc molybdate is considered as an alternative to the sheelite‐type molybdate crystals for cryogenic scintillating bolometers. We report the results of the first investigation of the luminescent properties of bulk ZnMoO4 single crystals grown by Czochralski method. The temperature dependence of the luminescence intensity under different excitation energies was studied, optical characteristics of zinc molybdate are presented. The potential of ZnMoO4 single crystal as a scintillating material at low temperature is demonstrated. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Semiempirical equation of the levitation‐force density for (Sm123)1–x(Yb211)x superconducting samples
Authors: Çelik Ş. , Öztürk K. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAfter the preparation of Sm123 and Yb211 by melt‐powder‐melt growth and solid‐state‐reaction, respectively, the nominal compositions of (Sm123)1–x (Yb211)x for x = 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 and 0.25 were prepared to examine experimentally and theoretically the effect of x in the composition on the levitation‐force density. Although the amount of Yb211 increased on increasing the content x, the levitation‐force density increased because the Yb211 phase structure decomposed into Yb123 and liquid phase. Owing to the fact that Yb123 welded the Sm123 grains under a slow‐cooling regime, the increasing of the interaction between Sm123 grains gave rise to high potential barriers of the flux pinning and resulted in increasing of the levitation‐force density with the content x. The results of the obtained general functions of the levitation‐force density for all samples are in good agreement with the experimental data. This new formulation of the levitation‐force density is very useful for material optimization to other researchers. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Printable electronics: flexibility for the future
Authors: Leenen Mark A. M. , Arning Volker , Thiem Heiko , Steiger Jürgen , Anselmann Ralf 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPrinted electronics is an emerging technology with huge potential. Market studies predict a multi‐billion dollar market size within less than 5 years. Due to its compatibility with flexible substrates and low‐cost fabrication, printed electronics is able to bring electronic functionality to markets unfit for rigid and expensive silicon electronics. Key to its success are innovative printing technologies and high‐quality material systems, engineered for specific device applications. Printed electronics is a complex multidisciplinary research area, with still a number of fundamental problems to be solved before the technology can grow to its full potential. Evonik Industries is involved in the development of printed electronics through its unique science‐to‐business concept. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Investigation of a contacting scheme for self‐assembled cleaved edge overgrown InAs nanowires and quantum dot arrays
Authors: Fehr Matthias , Uccelli Emanuele , Dasgupta Shivaji , Bichler Max , Steinke Lucia , Abstreiter Gerhard , Grayson Matthew , Morral Anna Fontcuberta i 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA contacting scheme to measure the transport properties into self‐assembled InAs Quantum Wires (QWRs) or Quantum Dots (QDs) is presented. The nanostructures are formed on the (110) cleaved edge of a AlAs/AlGaAs heterostructure substrate by means of the Cleaved Edge Overgrowth (CEO) technique and Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE). The InAs nanostructure grows directly on top of the AlAs layer, which hosts a two dimensional electron gas (2DEG). In a transistor‐like schematic of the device, the 2DEG acts as a contact to the InAs nanostructure. A top gate is used to deplete the 2DEG, thereby defining the InAs nanostructure as a channel between source and drain. Measurements confirm that the device can be operated as a field‐effect transistor, but no evidence of a current flow through the InAs QWRs can be found. Numerical calculations of the electron density and the device band structure confirm that a depletion zone is present in the AlAs layer close to the cleaved edge and the InAs QWR seems electrically isolated from the AlAs 2DEG leads. Possible solutions could be an additional Schottky gate contact on the CEO side or selective doping inside the CEO barrier. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)