bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychopathology, Defence Mechanisms, and the Psychosocial Work Environment
Authors: Larsen Anelia , Bøggild Henrik , Mortensen Jens Tølbøll , Foldager Leslie , Hansen John , Christensen Anders , Arendt Mikkel , Rosenberg Nicole , Munk-Jørgensen Povl 
Published: September 2009

Background: The body of evidence verifies the predictive value of certain work characteristics for mental health problems and that various levels of adaptation mechanisms are employed when dealing with adversity. Data on the relationships between employees’ mental health status, their perceptions of work, and their psychological defences are scarce. Aims: To examine the role that personal defences play in the relationship between psychiatric symptoms among working people and their working environment. Methods: Nine hundred and seventy six employees (mean age = 42.4 years, SD = 11.3) participated in a questionnaire study that included the Defence Style Questionnaire, the Symptom Checklist 90 revised, and the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire . Results: Data showed that greater maturity of psychological defences was associated with higher level of psychological functioning and there were strong associations between presence of psychopathology and the three defence clusters. Results indicated a strong positive correlation between the mature defence style and the perception of a satisfactory workplace. There was no interaction between psychopathology and defences in relation to work environment. Conclusion: Psychopathology and defences were significantly associated with work conditions, which could suggest that adaptation mechanisms and psychopathology are two independent forms of adjustment to the rapidly changing world of work.
Involving Patients in Research: the Challenge of Patient-Centredness
Authors: Tischler Victoria , D'Silva Karen , Cheetham Anna , Goring Mervin , Calton Tim 
Published: September 2009

Background: The concept of patient-centredness is increasingly being incorporated into modern healthcare practice, yet little attention has been given to the development of patient-centred principles in research. Aims: This study aimed to establish convergent validity for a definition of patient-centredness using abstracts from schizophrenia research and to explore the experiences of psychiatrists and service users taking part in research that was designed to be patient-centred. Methods: Mixed methods were used in this community study. Results: Thirteen service users and three psychiatrists took part. Service users rated eight of 60 research abstracts as patient-centred, even though 30 of these had been previously rated as such by psychiatrists. There was some accord between psychiatrist and service user ratings as seven out of eight abstracts were identified by both groups as patient-centred. Process aspects of research were valued by service users, for example, being respected as collaborators. Both groups reported benefits to participation in patient-centred research, such as feeling valued and breaking down barriers between doctor and patient. Conclusions: While there is some agreement between professionals and service users as to what constitutes patient-centred research, other process-related factors are important. Patient-centred research is valued by both service users and doctors and should be incorporated into future studies.
The Economic Burden of Psychiatric Disorders in Sweden
Authors: Tiainen Anne , Rehnberg Clas 
Published: September 2009

Background and aim: The incidence of mental ill health in Sweden has increased over the past few years. Thus, the aim of this study is to estimate the burden of psychiatric disorders for both the direct and indirect costs in Sweden for 2001 by making comparisons with data from 1998. Method: The cost-of-illness approach, which is based on human-capital theory, was applied. We have chosen a prevalence approach and a top-down method based on aggregate healthcare expenditures from national databases. Results: The total annual economic burden of psychiatric disorders in Sweden is estimated to be 9.4 billion (1 = SEK9.1). The direct costs are estimated to be 1.9 billion comprising 20% of the total costs. The indirect costs are estimated to be 7.5 billion and account for the remaining 80%. A comparison with previous studies indicates that the indirect costs were 60% and 53% in 1975 and 1991, respectively. Conclusion: The number of beds in specialized psychiatric care decreased by 11% between 1998 and 2001 but the indirect costs increased dramatically (e.g. the number of days of sick leave almost doubled during the same period).
Access to Social Capital and Social Support Among South East Asian Women With Severe Mental Health Problems: a Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Dutt Krishnakshi , Webber Martin 
Published: September 2009

Background: Migrant groups in the UK are at an increased risk of experiencing psychosis. In particular, South East Asian women are substantially more at risk of mental illness than men. Perceived social support and access to social capital are two important psychosocial factors, which may explain this differential risk. Aims: This study aimed to explore if migrant status was associated with the perception of social support and access to social capital of Punjabi women suffering from enduring mental illness. Method: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of a homogeneous group of Punjabi women ( n = 54). Outcome measures included the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) and Resource Generator-UK (RG-UK). Results: No significant differences were found between the two generations on our outcome measures. However, univariate analysis revealed an association of socio-economic and demographic variables with the MSPSS and RG-UK. Linear regression confirmed that being employed, living with others and human capital predicted increased access to social capital. Conclusions: Intervening to help this vulnerable group to enhance their social skills and to develop their social networks may improve their access to social capital and promote their recovery from mental illness.
The Outcome of Family Interventions for the Mothers of Schizophrenia Patients in Iran
Authors: Koolaee Anahita Khodabakhshi , Etemadi Ahmad 
Published: September 2009

Family intervention in schizophrenia is known to reduce high expressed emotion (EE) burden in relatives, reduce patients’ relapse and improve patient functioning; but these issues have not been studied in Iran. Aims: To examine the effects of behavioural family management (based on Falloon’s model) for Iranian mothers of patients with schizophrenia, compared with psychoeducation and standard care. Method: Randomized controlled trial in Iran with 55 mothers of outpatients with schizophrenia, of whom 18 received behavioural family management, 19 psychoeducation and 18 standard care. All groups included mothers in all sessions and excluded the patients. Intervention was provided for three months and outcomes were compared at the end of intervention (T1) and over a follow-up period: after three months (T2) and after six months (T3). Results: Psychoeducation consistently produced greater reduced burden in mothers and reduced positive symptoms in patients over the intervention and follow-up periods, compared with the other two treatments. On the other hand, behavioural family management significantly reduced EE in mothers compared to the other groups. However, the results indicated that family interventions have benefits for mothers and patients. Conclusions: Family interventions for Iranian mothers of schizophrenia patients can substantially benefit from family functioning.
Community Beliefs About Causes and Risks for Mental Disorders: a Mental Health Literacy Survey in a Rural Area of Maharashtra, India
Authors: Kermode Michelle , Bowen Kathryn , Arole Shoba , Joag Kaustubh , Jorm Anthony F. 
Published: September 2009

Background: Explanations for mental disorders in India can be influenced by biomedicine, systems of traditional medicine and supernatural beliefs. Community beliefs about causes of mental distress influence help-seeking behaviours. This study aimed to assess local knowledge and understanding of causes and risks for mental disorders in a rural area of Maharashtra, and to assess the prevalence of possible common mental disorders. Methods: A cross-sectional mental health literacy survey was undertaken in late 2007. A questionnaire was administered to 240 systematically sampled community members and 60 village health workers (VHWs). Participants were presented with two vignettes describing people experiencing symptoms of mental disorders (depression, psychosis); they were asked about the causes of the problems and the vulnerabilities of community sub-groups. Additionally, the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ12) was administered to assess prevalence of possible common mental disorders. Results: The most commonly acknowledged causes of the problems were a range of socioeconomic factors. Supernatural and biological explanations were not widely endorsed. Women, the unemployed and the poor were judged as more likely to develop mental disorders, while both young and older people were perceived to be less vulnerable. Results of the GHQ12 indicated that 27% had a possible common mental disorder and that the elderly were at increased risk, contrary to community perceptions. Conclusion: Enhancing mental health literacy of both VHWs and community members using approaches that are sensitive to local conceptualizations of mental health and illness will contribute to improved treatment and care for people with mental disorders. Further investigation of mental health among the elderly in this community is indicated.
Effect on lung function and morning activities of budesonide/formoterol versus salmeterol/fluticasone in patients with COPD
Authors: Partridge Martyn R. , Schuermann Wolfgang , Beckman Ola , Persson Tore , Polanowski Tomasz 
Published: September 2009

Background: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) often experience symptoms and problems with activities early in the morning. This is the first study to compare the effect of budesonide/formoterol and salmeterol/fluticasone on lung function, symptoms and activities early in the morning. Methods: Lung function (peak expiratory flow [PEF] and forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV 1]) and symptoms were measured at bedside and activities were measured during the morning using a six-item questionnaire concerning basic morning routines. In a randomised, double-blind, multicentre, cross-over study, 442 patients with COPD aged ≥40 years (pre-bronchodilator FEV1 ≤50%; FEV1/vital capacity <70%) received budesonide/formoterol (320/9 µg, one inhalation twice daily) dry powder inhaler (DPI) or salmeterol/fluticasone (50/500 µg, one inhalation twice daily) DPI daily, for 1 week each, separated by a 1- to 2-week washout. Lung function (PEF and FEV1) shortly after rising from bed in the morning, symptoms and basic morning activities were assessed by electronic diary (e-Diary) recordings. Results: Budesonide/formoterol and salmeterol/fluticasone treatment increased morning PEF 5 minutes post-dose, measured as a mean improvement from baseline over the full study period (primary endpoint; adjusted mean change: 15.1 l/min and 14.2 l/min, respectively [difference 1.0 l/min; p = 0.603]). Mean morning FEV1 improved more following budesonide/ formoterol treatment versus salmeterol/fluticasone at 5 minutes (0.12 l versus 0.09 l; p = 0.090) and 15 minutes (0.14 l versus 0.10 l; p < 0.05) post-dose. Budesonide/formoterol demonstrated a more rapid onset of effect as reflected by increases in e-Diary-recorded PEF and FEV 1 from pre-dose to 5 and 15 minutes post-dose (all p < 0.001) and spirometry at the clinic measured after the first dose (FEV1 p < 0.001; 5 minutes post-dose). Improvements in symptom scores within 15 minutes after drug administration were similar for both drugs, but budesonide/formoterol treatment resulted in significantly greater improvements in total morning activities score (getting washed, dried, dressed, eating breakfast and walking around the home; 0.22 versus 0.12 respectively, p < 0.05). Both treatments were well tolerated. Conclusions: Short-term treatment with budesonide/formoterol DPI or salmeterol/fluticasone DPI was effective in patients with COPD. Budesonide/formoterol had a more rapid onset of effect compared with salmeterol/fluticasone and resulted in greater improvements in ability to perform morning activities despite the lower inhaled corticosteroid dose.
Regional functions of the left ventricle in patients with coronary slow flow and the effects of nebivolol
Authors: Gunes Yilmaz , Tuncer Mustafa , Guntekin Unal , Ceylan Yemlihan , Sahin Musa , Simsek Hakki 
Published: September 2009

Background: Microvascular and endothelial dysfunction have been implicated for coronary slow flow (CSF). Nebivolol, besides its beta-receptor blocking activity, causes an endothelium-dependent vasodilatation through increased nitric oxide release. Methods: This study included 27 patients with CSF and 27 subjects with normal coronary arteries. Segmental functions of the left ventricle (LV) were assessed using myocardial tissue Doppler velocities before and 3 months after treatment with nebivolol 5 mg/day. Results: Compared with the control group, mitral deceleration time (DT) was significantly longer, and E/A ratio, systolic velocity of lateral mitral annulus (Sm) and regional myocardial peak systolic and early diastolic velocities (V s, Vd) were significantly lower in patients with CSF. The reason for coronary angiography was typical angina in 21 (77.8%) and positive treadmill test in six (22.2%) CSF patients. There were significant correlations between presence of CSF in left anterior descending artery (LAD) with S m ( r =-0.404, p =0.002) and Vs in anterior ( r =-0.531, p < 0.001 ) and lateral ( r =-0.495, p < 0.001 ) segments and between presence of CSF in RCA and Vs in posterior segments ( r =-0.501, p < 0.001). Treatment with nebivolol significantly decreased blood pressures (128.5±12.5/82.5±8.8 to 119.8± 12.6/76.4± 7.4 mmHg, p < 0.001), DT (252.3±53.6 to 222.0±41.0 ms, p < 0.001 ) and IVRT (115.7±19.9 to 103.3±17.0 ms, p <0.001), and increased exercise capacity (8.7±1.3 to 10.4±0.9 METs, p < 0.001), E/A ratio (0.87±0.26 to 1.08±0.23, p <0.001) and myocardial velocities ( p < 0.001). All the patients were free of angina after treatment. Patients with CSF had impaired diastolic and regional LV functions. Conclusions: Nebivolol may therefore be useful in improving angina, exercise capacity and LV functions in patients with CSF.
Erythroid dysplasia, megaloblastic anemia, and impaired lymphopoiesis arising from mitochondrial dysfunction
Authors: Chen Michael L. , Logan T. Daniel , Hochberg Maryann L. , Shelat Suresh G. , Yu Xiang , Wilding Gregory E. , Tan Wei , Kujoth Gregory C. , Prolla Tomas A. , Selak Mary A. , Kundu Mondira , Carroll Martin , Thompson James E. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Recent reports describe hematopoietic abnormalities in mice with targeted instability of the mitochondrial genome. However, these abnormalities have not been fully described. We demonstrate that mutant animals develop an age-dependent, macrocytic anemia with abnormal erythroid maturation and megaloblastic changes, as well as profound defects in lymphopoiesis. Mice die of severe fatal anemia at 15 months of age. Bone-marrow transplantation studies demonstrate that these abnormalities are intrinsic to the hematopoietic compartment and dependent upon the age of donor hematopoietic stem cells. These abnormalities are phenotypically similar to those found in patients with refractory anemia, suggesting that, in some cases, the myelodysplastic syndromes are caused by abnormalities of mitochondrial function.
Pim kinase inhibitor, SGI-1776, induces apoptosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells
Authors: Chen Lisa S. , Redkar Sanjeev , Bearss David , Wierda William G. , Gandhi Varsha 
Published: September 2009

AbstractPim kinases are involved in B-cell development and are overexpressed in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We hypothesized that Pim kinase inhibition would affect B-cell survival. Identified from a screen of imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine compounds, SGI-1776 inhibits Pim-1, Pim-2, and Pim-3. Treatment of CLL cells with SGI-1776 results in a concentration-dependent induction of apoptosis. To elucidate its mechanism of action, we evaluated the effect of SGI-1776 on Pim kinase function. Unlike in replicating cells, phosphorylation of traditional Pim-1 kinase targets, phospho-Bad (Ser112) and histone H3 (Ser10), and cell-cycle proteins were unaffected by SGI-1776, suggesting an alternative mechanism in CLL. Protein levels of total c-Myc as well as phospho-c-Myc(Ser62), a Pim-1 target site, were decreased after SGI-1776 treatment. Levels of antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, XIAP, and proapoptotic Bak and Bax were unchanged; however, a significant reduction in Mcl-1 was observed that was not caused by caspase-mediated cleavage of Mcl-1 protein. The mechanism of decline in Mcl-1 was at the RNA level and was correlated with inhibition of global RNA synthesis. Consistent with a decline in new RNA synthesis, MCL-1 transcript levels were decreased after treatment with SGI-1776. These data suggest that SGI-1776 induces apoptosis in CLL and that the mechanism involves Mcl-1 reduction.
Inactivating SOCS1 mutations are caused by aberrant somatic hypermutation and restricted to a subset of B-cell lymphoma entities
Authors: Mottok Anja , Renné Christoph , Seifert Marc , Oppermann Elsie , Bechstein Wolf , Hansmann Martin-Leo , Küppers Ralf , Bräuninger Andreas 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
STATs are constitutively activated in several malignancies. In primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), inactivating mutations in SOCS1, an inhibitor of JAK/STAT signaling, contribute to deregulated STAT activity. Based on indications that the SOCS1 mutations are caused by the B cell–specific somatic hypermutation (SHM) process, we analyzed B-cell non-HL and normal B cells for mutations in SOCS1. One-fourth of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and follicular lymphomas carried SOCS1 mutations, which were preferentially targeted to SHM hotspot motifs and frequently obviously inactivating. Rare mutations were observed in Burkitt lymphoma, plasmacytoma, and mantle cell lymphoma but not in tumors of a non–B-cell origin. Mutations in single-sorted germinal center B cells were infrequent relative to other genes mutated as byproducts of normal SHM, indicating that SOCS1 inactivation in primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma, HL, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and follicular lymphoma is frequently the result of aberrant SHM.
EDGE3: A web-based solution for management and analysis of Agilent two color microarray experiments
Authors: Vollrath Aaron L , Smith Adam A , Craven Mark , Bradfield Christopher A 
Published: September 2009

Abstract

Background
The ability to generate transcriptional data on the scale of entire genomes has been a boon both in the improvement of biological understanding and in the amount of data generated. The latter, the amount of data generated, has implications when it comes to effective storage, analysis and sharing of these data. A number of software tools have been developed to store, analyze, and share microarray data. However, a majority of these tools do not offer all of these features nor do they specifically target the commonly used two color Agilent DNA microarray platform. Thus, the motivating factor for the development of EDGE3 was to incorporate the storage, analysis and sharing of microarray data in a manner that would provide a means for research groups to collaborate on Agilent-based microarray experiments without a large investment in software-related expenditures or extensive training of end-users.

Results
EDGE3 has been developed with two major functions in mind. The first function is to provide a workflow process for the generation of microarray data by a research laboratory or a microarray facility. The second is to store, analyze, and share microarray data in a manner that doesn't require complicated software. To satisfy the first function, EDGE3 has been developed as a means to establish a well defined experimental workflow and information system for microarray generation. To satisfy the second function, the software application utilized as the user interface of EDGE3 is a web browser. Within the web browser, a user is able to access the entire functionality, including, but not limited to, the ability to perform a number of bioinformatics based analyses, collaborate between research groups through a user-based security model, and access to the raw data files and quality control files generated by the software used to extract the signals from an array image.

Conclusion
Here, we present EDGE3, an open-source, web-based application that allows for the storage, analysis, and controlled sharing of transcription-based microarray data generated on the Agilent DNA platform. In addition, EDGE3 provides a means for managing RNA samples and arrays during the hybridization process. EDGE3 is freely available for download at http://edge.oncology.wisc.edu/.
SNP@Evolution: a hierarchical database of positive selection on the human genome
Authors: Cheng Feng , Chen Wei , Richards Elliott , Deng Libin , Zeng Changqing 
Published: September 2009

Abstract

Background
Positive selection is a driving force that has shaped the modern human. Recent developments in high throughput technologies and corresponding statistics tools have made it possible to conduct whole genome surveys at a population scale, and a variety of measurements, such as heterozygosity (HET), F

ST
, and Tajima's D, have been applied to multiple datasets to identify signals of positive selection. However, great effort has been required to combine various types of data from individual sources, and incompatibility among datasets has been a common problem. SNP@Evolution, a new database which integrates multiple datasets, will greatly assist future work in this area.

Description
As part of our research scanning for evolutionary signals in HapMap Phase II and Phase III datasets, we built SNP@Evolution as a multi-aspect database focused on positive selection. Among its many features, SNP@Evolution provides computed F

ST
and HET of all HapMap SNPs, 5+ HapMap SNPs per qualified gene, and all autosome regions detected from whole genome window scanning. In an attempt to capture multiple selection signals across the genome, selection-signal enrichment strength (ES) values of HET, F

ST
, and P-values of iHS of most annotated genes have been calculated and integrated within one frame for users to search for outliers. Genes with significant ES or P-values (with thresholds of 0.95 and 0.05, respectively) have been highlighted in color. Low diversity chromosome regions have been detected by sliding a 100 kb window in a 10 kb step. To allow this information to be easily disseminated, a graphical user interface (GBrowser) was constructed with the Generic Model Organism Database toolkit.

Conclusion
Available at http://bighapmap.big.ac.cn, SNP@Evolution is a hierarchical database focused on positive selection of the human genome. Based on HapMap Phase II and III data, SNP@Evolution includes 3,619,226/1,389,498 SNPs with their computed HET and F

ST
, as well as qualified genes of 21,859/21,099 with ES values of HET and F

ST
. In at least one HapMap population group, window scanning for selection signals has resulted in 1,606/10,138 large low HET regions. Among Phase II and III geographical groups, 660 and 464 regions show strong differentiation.