bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iterative MMSE estimation of SINR for turbo‐coded FH‐SS systems in partial‐band interference and fading channels
Authors: Gomaa Ahmad , Elezabi Ayman 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe minimum mean square error (MMSE) estimate of the signal‐to‐interference‐and‐noise ratio (SINR) is derived for turbo‐coded slow frequency hopping systems in the presence of partial‐band interference and Rayleigh fading. The MMSE estimator operates without training symbols and iteratively uses the turbo decoder extrinsic information to improve the accuracy of the SINR estimate. Performance comparisons are made with a genie‐aided MAP‐based estimator and near‐optimal performance is obtained for all but impractically small hop sizes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New dithiazinanes and bis‐dithiazinanes‐bearing pendant ethylamines: Structure and reactivity
Authors: Colorado‐Peralta Raúl , López‐Rocha Cristina A. , Sánchez‐Ruiz Sonia A. , Contreras Rosalinda , Flores‐Parra Angelina 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe structure and reactivity of a series of new ethylaminedithiazinanes and bis‐diethylaminedithiazinanes synthesized from formaldehyde, NaSH, and N,N‐dimethyl‐ethylene‐diamine (1), N‐methyl‐ethylene‐diamine (2), and N‐ethyl‐ethylene‐diamine (3) are reported. Compound 1 afforded 2‐([1,3,5]‐dithiazinan‐5‐yl)‐ethylene‐N,N‐dimethyl‐amine (4). The reaction of 4 with dry CH2Cl2 gave N‐{2‐([1,3,5]dithiazinan‐5‐yl)‐ethylene}‐N‐chloromethyl‐N,N‐dimethyl‐ammonium chloride (5) in high yield, whereas in wet CH2Cl2 and DMSO provided a mixture of 5 with N‐{2‐([1,3,5]‐dithiazinan‐5‐yl)‐ethylene}‐N,N‐dimethyl‐ammonium hydrochloride (6).bis‐{2‐([1,3,5]‐Dithiazinan‐5‐yl)‐ethylene‐N‐alkyl‐amino}‐methylene‐disulfides (7) and (8) formed by two dithiazinanes linked through the chain (CH2)2NRCH2SSCH2NR(CH2)2‐ (7 R = methyl, 8 R = ethyl) reacted with CH2Cl2 giving after neutralization of the hydrolysis products the ethylaminedithiazinanes with different pendant N‐groups [(CH2)2NMeH2+(9); (CH2)2NEtH2+ (10); (CH2)2NMeH (11); (CH2)2NEtH (12); (CH2)2NMeHBH3 (13) (CH2)2NEtHBH3 (14). (CH2)2NMe2BH3 (15), and (CH2)2NEtMeBH3.(16)]. The x‐ray diffraction analyses of compounds 5, 6, 9, and 10 are reported. Variable temperature NMR experiments afforded the Δ G≠ of the ring interconversion of the six‐membered heterocycles 6, 9, and 10. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 22:59–71, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20657
No Resistance to Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Detected After up to 144 Weeks of Therapy in Patients Monoinfected With Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Δ
Authors: Snow-Lampart Andrea , Chappell Brandi , Curtis Maria , Zhu Yuao , Myrick Florence , Schawalder James , Kitrinos Kathryn , Svarovskaia Evguenia S. , Miller Michael D. , Sorbel Jeff , Heathcote Jenny , Marcellin Patrick , Borroto-Esoda Katyna 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is a nucleotide analogue with potent activity against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and hepatitis B virus (HBV). To date, no reports of HBV clinical resistance to TDF have been confirmed. In two phase 3 studies (GS-US-174-0102 and GS-US-174-0103), 375 hepatitis B e antigen–negative (HBeAg−) patients and 266 HBeAg+ patients with chronic hepatitis B (some nucleoside-naive and some lamivudine-experienced) were randomized 2:1 to receive TDF (n = 426) or adefovir dipivoxil (ADV; n = 215) for 48 weeks. After week 48, eligible patients received open-label TDF with no interruption. The studies are being continued through week 384/year 8; week 144 data are presented here. Per protocol, viremic patients (HBV DNA level ≥ 400 copies/mL or 69 IU/mL) had the option of adding emtricitabine (FTC) at or after week 72. Resistance analyses of HBV polymerase/reverse transcriptase (pol/RT) were based on population dideoxy sequencing. Phenotypic analyses were conducted in HepG2 cells with recombinant HBV derived from patient serum. Most patients maintained TDF monotherapy treatment across both studies (607/641, 95%). A resistance analysis of HBV pol/RT was performed at the baseline for all patients, for viremic patients at week 144 or at the last time when they were on TDF monotherapy (34 on TDF and 19 on ADV-TDF), and for patients who remained viremic after the addition of FTC (7/20 on TDF and 5/14 on ADV-TDF). No patient developed amino acid substitutions associated with resistance to TDF. Virological breakthrough on TDF monotherapy was infrequent over 144 weeks (13/426, 3%) and was attributed to documented nonadherence in most cases (11/13, 85%). Persistent viremia (≥400 copies/mL) through week 144 was rare (5/641, 0.8%) and was not associated with virological resistance to TDF by population or clonal analyses.

Conclusion:

No nucleoside-naive or nucleoside-experienced patient developed HBV pol/RT mutations associated with TDF resistance after up to 144 weeks of exposure to TDF monotherapy. (HEPATOLOGY 2010)
Effects of the curvelet transform over interferometric images
Authors: Baena R. , Núñez J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractOne of the major challenges of the current imaging techniques is to obtain good results from images acquired with interferometric techniques. The huge complexity of these images—presence of numerous negative pixels (∼50%), undesired structures introduced by the sparse sampling of the frequencial domain, noise, etc.—advises us to use multiresolution techniques to separate the different problems or features and isolate them in different scales at each resolution level. In this article, we introduce a new tool known as curvelets to work with these images. Its good properties, oriented to classify the visual information in the image depending on its elongated structures, make it an interesting tool to separate the real information from artifacts that belong to the psf sidelobes in different scales. We have decomposed, using both the Wavelet and the Curvelet transform, several interferometric images simulated and acquired with astronomical arrays of radiotelescopes, with which we cover a wide range of situations, and compared each coefficients scale obtained with both transforms. We have found that celestial sources shape keeps better its symmetry in each curvelet scale than in wavelets, and the capability of differentiation between extended sources and point ones is also higher. The identification of the sources is more clear with curvelets as well, because better with curvelets as well because of a high increase of the target enhancement respect the background in the negative pixels of the image. Furthermore, it is possible to create scales with only psf sidelobe information. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 20, 333–353, 2010
Virtual view synthesis method and self‐evaluation metrics for free viewpoint television and 3D video
Authors: Oh Kwan‐Jung , Yea Sehoon , Vetro Anthony , Ho Yo‐Sung 
Published: November 2010

AbstractVirtual view synthesis is one of the most important techniques to realize free viewpoint television and three‐dimensional (3D) video. In this article, we propose a view synthesis method to generate high‐quality intermediate views in such applications and new evaluation metrics named as spatial peak signal‐to‐noise ratio and temporal peak signal‐to‐noise ratio to measure spatial and temporal consistency, respectively. The proposed view synthesis method consists of five major steps: depth preprocessing, depth‐based 3D warping, depth‐based histogram matching, base plus assistant view blending, and depth‐based hole‐filling. The efficiency of the proposed view synthesis method has been verified by evaluating the quality of synthesized images with various metrics such as peak signal‐to‐noise ratio, structural similarity, discrete cosine transform (DCT)‐based video quality metric, and the newly proposed metrics. We have also confirmed that the synthesized images are objectively and subjectively natural. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 20, 378–390, 2010
An effective approach for wavelet lifting based on filter optimization and median operator
Authors: Quan Do , Ho Yo‐Sung 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn JPEG2000, the Cohen–Daubechies–Feauveau (CDF) 9/7‐tap wavelet filter implemented by using the conventional lifting scheme has two problems. The first problem is that the filter coefficients are remaining complex; second, the conventional lifting scheme ignores image edges in the coding process. In this article, we propose an effective wavelet lifting scheme to solve these problems. For this purpose, we design the optimal 9/7‐tap wavelet filters in two steps. In the first step, we select the appropriate filter coefficients; in the second step, we employ a median operator to consider image edges. Experimental results from using the median lifting scheme and combining filter optimization and median lifting show that our proposed methods outperform the well‐known CDF 9/7‐tap wavelet filter of JPEG2000 on edge‐dominant images. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 20, 359–366, 2010
Identification of copy–paste regions in digital image
Authors: Jajal Brijesh , Desai Vipul 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn recent technocrat world, an alteration of a digital image is more ubiquitous amongst techno‐savvy professionals, which has also been proved recurrent even for laymen. This has been popularized on account of a lucid access of different types of image‐editing software. Copying a particular region from a digital image to selective location within the same image is one of the good citations of image doctoring. Usually, the bitmap pictures are represented in the form of three‐channel color image, in which the algorithm identifies the similar areas with an assumption of image acquisition in 24 bits Bitmap format. In the present article, an exclusive procedure was applied to produce an output image, pinpointing the copy–paste area with more than 90% accuracy. The resultant image was depicting a forgery operation presumed to be performed, which determined two areas of similarity. A novel approach of 1‐connected graph was applied, as the forgery is not believed to be done in the form of a petite point‐like area. Finally, the forgery area was exposed with an aid of discerning color value, commonly as a black color for an apparent visibility of an image. The present application will be a tool in image forensics that can be applicable to identify the copy–paste regions in a single bitmap image. This article refers to a new approach for detecting the image portions which are copied from another image. Besides, the present investigation discusses an algorithm effectively implemented to determine the areas formed by copy–paste operation in an image. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 20, 367–369, 2010
Joint coding of multiview video and depth data using virtual view synthesis
Authors: Na Sang‐Tae , Ho Yo‐Sung 
Published: November 2010

AbstractTo compress multiview video and depth information, we synthesize a virtual image for the current view using color and depth data of neighboring views. In this article, we then use a view interpolation prediction scheme at the virtual image to improve the inter‐view prediction. We also propose a solution for overlapping regions and empty holes that are generated during the intermediate view synthesis process due to occlusion and disocclusion situations. Experimental results show that the proposed methods achieve approximately 0.65 dB of Peak Signal‐to‐Noise Ratio (PSNR) gain on average for multiview depth data and 0.17 dB of PSNR gain for multiview video coding, compared with the reference software, Joint Multiview Video Model 1.0. We also show that our method is even more powerful for smaller search ranges. Furthermore, we examine the effects of inter‐view prediction on hierarchical B‐pictures. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 20, 370–377, 2010
Learning methods for melanoma recognition
Authors: Torre Elisabetta La , Caputo Barbara , Tommasi Tatiana 
Published: November 2010

AbstractMelanoma is the most deadly skin cancer. Early diagnosis is a challenge for clinicians. Current algorithms for skin lesions' classification focus mostly on segmentation and feature extraction. This article instead puts the emphasis on the learning process, testing the recognition performance of three different classifiers: support vector machine (SVM), artificial neural network andk‐nearest neighbor. Extensive experiments were run on a database of more than 5000 dermoscopy images. The obtained results show that the SVM approach outperforms the other methods reaching an average recognition rate of 82.5% comparable with those obtained by skilled clinicians. If confirmed, our data suggest that this method may improve classification results of a computer‐assisted diagnosis of melanoma. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 20, 316–322, 2010
Mechanical contributions of the cortical and trabecular compartments contribute to differences in age-related changes in vertebral body strength in men and women assessed by QCT-based finite element analysis
Authors: Christiansen Blaine A , Kopperdahl David L , Kiel Douglas P , Keaveny Tony M , Bouxsein Mary L 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
The biomechanical mechanisms underlying sex-specific differences in age-related vertebral fracture rates are ill defined. To gain insight into this issue, we used finite element analysis of clinical computed tomography (CT) scans of the vertebral bodies of L3 and T10 of young and old men and women to assess age- and sex-related differences in the strength of the whole vertebra, the trabecular compartment, and the peripheral compartment (the outer 2 mm of vertebral bone, including the thin cortical shell). We sought to determine whether structural and geometric changes with age differ in men and women, making women more susceptible to vertebral fractures. As expected, we found that vertebral strength decreased with age 2-fold more in women than in men. The strength of the trabecular compartment declined significantly with age for both sexes, whereas the strength of the peripheral compartment decreased with age in women but was largely maintained in men. The proportion of mechanical strength attributable to the peripheral compartment increased with age in both sexes and at both vertebral levels. Taken together, these results indicate that men and women lose vertebral bone differently with age, particularly in the peripheral (cortical) compartment. This differential bone loss explains, in part, a greater decline in bone strength in women and may contribute to the higher incidence of vertebral fractures among women than men. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Vitamin K status in spaceflight and ground-based models of spaceflight
Authors: Zwart Sara R , Booth Sarah L , Peterson James W , Wang Zuwei , Smith Scott M 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Bone loss is a well-documented change during and after long-duration spaceflight. Many types of countermeasures to bone loss have been proposed, including vitamin K supplementation. The objective of this series of studies was to measure change in vitamin K status in response to microgravity under a variety of spaceflight and spaceflight analog (model) conditions, including long-duration spaceflight studies (n = 15), three bed rest studies (n = 15, 49, and 24), and a 14-day saturation dive (n = 6). In crew members who flew 2–6 months on the International Space Station, in-flight and postflight plasma phylloquinone concentrations were unchanged from the preflight mean. Consistent with this finding, urinary γ-carboxyglutamic acid (GLA), a measure of vitamin K-dependent protein turnover, did not change in response to flight. Serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin (%ucOC), a measure of vitamin K function, was generally unchanged in response to flight. Spaceflight findings were corroborated by findings of no changes in phylloquinone, urinary GLA, or %ucOC during or after bed rest in three separate bed rest studies (21–90 days in duration) or after a 14-day saturation dive. The data presented here do not support either a need for vitamin K supplementation during spaceflight or the suggestion of using vitamin K as a bone loss countermeasure in spaceflight. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Is bone loss the reversal of bone accrual? evidence from a cross-sectional study in daughter-mother-grandmother trios
Authors: Wang Qin , Xu Leiting , Wang Qingju , Chen Decai , Tian Haoming , Lu Chunyan , Cheng Shumei , Völgyi Eszter , Wiklund Petri , Munukka Eveliina , Nicholson Patrick , Alén Markku , Cheng Sulin 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Bone adapts to mechanical loads applied on it. During aging, loads decrease to a greater extent at those skeletal sites where loads increase most in earlier life. Thus, the loss of bone may occur preferentially at sites where most bone has been deposited previously; ie, bone loss could be the directional reversal of accrual. To test this hypothesis, we compared the bone mass distribution at weight-bearing (tibia) and non-weight-bearing (radius) bones among 18-year-old girls, their premenopausal mothers, and their postmenopausal maternal grandmothers. Bone and muscle properties were measured by pQCT, and polar distribution of bone mass was obtained in 55 girl-mother–maternal grandmother trios. Site-matched differences in bone mass were compared among three generations. The differences between girls and mothers and between mothers and grandmothers were used to represent the patterns of bone mass accrual from early adulthood to middle age and bone loss from middle to old age, respectively. Compared to the mothers, 18-year old girls had less bone mass in the anterior and medial-posterior regions of the tibial shaft, while the grandmothers had less bone in the anterior and posterior regions. In contrast, the bone mass differences in the radial shaft between girls and mothers and mothers and grandmothers were relatively uniform. We conclude that both bone accrual and loss are direction-specific in weight-bearing bones but relatively uniform in non-weight-bearing bones. Bone loss in old age is largely, but not completely, a reversal of the preferential deposition of bone in the most highly loaded regions during early life. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Epidermal growth factor receptor plays an anabolic role in bone metabolism in vivo
Authors: Zhang Xianrong , Tamasi Joseph , Lu Xin , Zhu Ji , Chen Haiyan , Tian Xiaoyan , Lee Tang-Cheng , Threadgill David W , Kream Barbara E , Kang Yibin , Partridge Nicola C , Qin Ling 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
While the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)–mediated signaling pathway has been shown to have vital roles in many developmental and pathologic processes, its functions in the development and homeostasis of the skeletal system has been poorly defined. To address its in vivo role, we constructed transgenic and pharmacologic mouse models and used peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), micro–computed tomography (µCT) and histomorphometry to analyze their trabecular and cortical bone phenotypes. We initially deleted the EGFR in preosteoblasts/osteoblasts using a Cre/loxP system (Col-Cre Egfrf/f), but no bone phenotype was observed because of incomplete deletion of the Egfr genomic locus. To further reduce the remaining osteoblastic EGFR activity, we introduced an EGFR dominant-negative allele, Wa5, and generated Col-Cre EgfrWa5/f mice. At 3 and 7 months of age, both male and female mice exhibited a remarkable decrease in tibial trabecular bone mass with abnormalities in trabecular number and thickness. Histologic analyses revealed decreases in osteoblast number and mineralization activity and an increase in osteoclast number. Significant increases in trabecular pattern factor and structural model index indicate that trabecular microarchitecture was altered. The femurs of these mice were shorter and smaller with reduced cortical area and periosteal perimeter. Moreover, colony-forming unit–fibroblast (CFU-F) assay indicates that these mice had fewer bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and committed progenitors. Similarly, administration of an EGFR inhibitor into wild-type mice caused a significant reduction in trabecular bone volume. In contrast, EgfrDsk5/+ mice with a constitutively active EGFR allele displayed increases in trabecular and cortical bone content. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the EGFR signaling pathway is an important bone regulator and that it primarily plays an anabolic role in bone metabolism. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Rs 6313 polymorphism in 5‐hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A gene association with polysymptomatic primary nocturnal enuresis
Authors: Wei Chang‐Ching , Wan Lei , Lin Wen‐Yuan , Tsai Fuu‐Jen 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackground: Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) were used to treat nocturnal enuresis (NE) for decades of years although their real mechanisms are unknown. Recently, some case studies demonstrated the efficacy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) in the treatment of NE. Both TCA and SSRI have similar influences on serotonin transmission. This study was aimed at evaluating whether 5‐hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A (5HTR2A) gene is associated with NE.Methods: We analyzed rs6313 polymorphism in 5HTR2A gene of 213 Taiwanese children (116 NE cases and 97 healthy control subjects) using polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism.Results: There were no significant differences when comparing the genotypes and allelic frequencies of rs6313 polymorphism in 5HTR2A gene between patients with NE and control subjects. However, when subsequently comparing 5HTR2A genotypes and allelic frequencies in NE child with different phenotypes, genotypes TT and TC appeared higher risks of polysymptomatic NE compared with CC (odds ratio (OR)=10.71, 95% confidence interval (CI)=2.66–43.12; OR=2.68, 95% CI=0.67–10.75, respectively;P=0.0002); and allele T also revealed higher frequencies of polysymptomatic NE compared with allele C (OR=3.7, 95% CI=2.01–6.79,P=0.000015).Conclusions: This is the first study that shows the association between 5HTR2A gene polymorphisms and polysymptomatic NE. These results provide further evidence suggesting that genetic variations at 5HTR2A may influence NE treatment response. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 24:371–375, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.