bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Botulinum toxin type A for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Wu Chuan-Jie , Lian Ya-Jun , Zheng Ya-Ke , Zhang Hai-Feng , Chen Yuan , Xie Nan-Chang , Wang Li-Jun 
Published: April 2012

Aim: To investigate the efficacy, safety and tolerability of intradermal and/or submucosal administration of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) for patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 42 TN patients were randomly allocated into two groups, namely, intradermal and/or submucosal injection of BTX-A (75 U/1.5 mL; n = 22) or saline (1.5 mL; n = 20) in the skin and/or mucosa where pain was experienced. The primary endpoints were pain severity (assessed by the visual analogue scale) and pain attack frequency per day. The secondary endpoint was the patient’s overall response to treatment, assessed using the Patient Global Impression of Change scale. Patients with ≥ 50% reduction in mean pain score at week 12 were defined as responders. Results: A total of 40 patients completed the study. BTX-A significantly reduced pain intensity at week 2 and pain attack frequency at week 1. The efficacy was maintained throughout the course of the study. More BTX-A treated patients reported that pain had improved by the end of the study. Significantly more responders were present in the BTX-A group (68.18%) than in the placebo group (15.00%). BTX-A was well tolerated, with few treatment-related adverse events. Conclusions: BTX-A may be an efficient, safe and novel strategy for TN treatment.
Incidence and Risk Factors for Injuries to the Anterior Cruciate Ligament in National Collegiate Athletic Association Football
Authors: Dragoo Jason L. , Braun Hillary J. , Durham Jennah L. , Chen Michael R. , Harris Alex H.S. 
Published: April 2012

Background: Injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) are common in athletic populations, particularly in athletes participating in football, soccer, and skiing. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Injury Surveillance System (ISS) men’s football ACL injury database from the playing seasons of 2004-2005 through 2008-2009 to determine the incidence and epidemiology of complete injury to the ACL in NCAA football athletes. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: The NCAA ISS men’s football database was reviewed from the 2004-2005 through 2008-2009 seasons using the specific injury code, “Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) complete tear.” The injury rate was computed for competition and practice exposures. Ninety-five percent confidence intervals (CIs) for the incident rates were calculated using assumptions of a Poisson distribution. Pairwise, 2-sample tests of equality of proportions with a continuity correction were used to estimate the associations of risk factors such as event type, playing surface, season segment, and football subdivision. Descriptive data were also described. Results: The ACL injury rate during games (8.06 per 10,000 athlete-exposures [AEs] 95% CI, 6.80-9.42) was significantly greater than the rate during practice (0.8 per 10,000 AEs 95% CI, 0.68-0.93). Players were 10.09 (95% CI, 8.08-12.59) times more likely to sustain an ACL injury in competition when compared with practices. When practice exposures were analyzed separately, the injury rate was significantly greater during scrimmages (3.99 per 10,000 AEs 95% CI, 2.29-5.94) compared with regular practices (0.83 per 10,000 AEs 95% CI, 0.69-0.97) and walk-throughs (0 per 10,000 AEs 95% CI, 0-0.14). There was an incidence rate of 1.73 ACL injuries per 10,000 AEs (95% CI, 1.47-2.0) on artificial playing surfaces compared with a rate of 1.24 per 10,000 AEs (95% CI, 1.05-1.45) on natural grass. The rate of ACL injury on artificial surfaces is 1.39 (95% CI, 1.11-1.73) times higher than the injury rate on grass surfaces. Conclusion: Between 2004 and 2009, NCAA football players experienced a greater number of ACL injuries in games compared with practices, in scrimmages compared with regular practices, and when playing on artificial turf surfaces. This latter finding will need to be confirmed by additional studies.
Morphologic Changes in Fresh-Frozen Meniscus Allografts Over 1 Year
Authors: Lee Bum-Sik , Chung Jong-Won , Kim Jong-Min , Cho Won-Joon , Kim Kyung-Ah , Bin Seong-Il 
Published: April 2012

Background: Little is known about morphologic changes in the remodeling period after human meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT). Hypothesis: The gross structure of meniscal transplants may be altered significantly in width and thickness during early remodeling periods. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Thirty-one patients who underwent MAT (9 medial and 22 lateral menisci) between 2008 and 2009 were prospectively evaluated by serial magnetic resonance imaging scans 2 days, 6 weeks, and 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. At each time point, the width and thickness of the menisci were measured. The relative degree of shrinkage after 1 year was categorized as minimal (<10%), mild (10%-25%), moderate (25%-50%), or severe (>50%). The Lysholm score and Tegner activity level were used for clinical outcome scales. Results: More apparent changes were observed at mid-body rather than at the posterior horn. Meniscal width at the mid-body decreased to 89% ( P < .01), whereas thickness increased to 115% ( P < .01) at 12 months. Shrinkage was observed for 3 months after MAT, but there were no significant changes thereafter. The thickness of the meniscal peripheral rim did not change before 3 months but increased afterward, for up to 1 year. Of the 31 patients, 20 (64.5%) had minimal shrinkage, 6 (19.4%) had mild shrinkage, 5 (16.1%) had moderate shrinkage, and none had severe shrinkage over 1 year. In the 5 cases of moderate shrinkage, the reduction occurred progressively for 1 year. However, the relative morphologic changes did not correlate with clinical outcome scales at postoperative 1 and 2 years ( P > .05). The preoperative alignment deviation, cartilage status (Outerbridge grade), age, gender, amount of extrusion, and time from previous meniscectomy did not affect the degree of shrinkage. Conclusion: Gross morphologic alterations, as determined by width and thickness, were observed during the first postoperative year. Substantial shrinkage at the mid-body occurred progressively for 1 year in 16.1% of the cases. No association was found between morphologic changes and short-term clinical outcomes.
Limited V-shaped cement augmentation of the proximal femur to prevent secondary hip fractures
Authors: Fliri Ladina , Sermon An , Wähnert Dirk , Schmoelz Werner , Blauth Michael , Windolf Markus 
Published: April 2012

Patients with a femoral fracture due to osteoporosis are at high risk of sustaining a secondary fracture on the contralateral side. A prophylactic mechanical reinforcement of the contralateral side during operation of the initial fracture could be of interest for such patients. This biomechanical in vitro study investigates the potential of a limited V-shaped bone cement augmentation to prevent secondary hip fractures by targeting the areas of the proximal femur with the highest stresses during a fall. Five pairs of human cadaveric proximal femora were tested in a configuration simulating a fall on the greater trochanter. The femoral neck of one specimen of each pair was augmented with 8–14 ml polymethylmethacrylate from the lateral cortex towards inferior and superior, spanning a V-shaped cement pattern. Clinical relevant fractures were generated with a 45 kg mass in controlled free fall. Load-displacement data were recorded and energy to fracture, fracture load, yield load and stiffness were statistically evaluated. Augmented samples absorbed 124% more energy until fracture compared to their controls ( p = 0.043). No significant differences were found between the two groups for fracture load ( p = 0.5), yield load ( p = 0.35) and stiffness ( p = 0.5). Biomechanically, a limited V-shaped prophylactic cement augmentation carries potential to prevent secondary hip fractures indicated by increased energy absorption until fracture. Further investigations are necessary to minimize interference with the biology and to maximize the mechanical benefit of prophylactic augmentation.
Mutant DNMT3A: a marker of poor prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Ribeiro Ana Flávia Tibúrcio , Pratcorona Marta , Erpelinck-Verschueren Claudia , Rockova Veronika , Sanders Mathijs , Abbas Saman , Figueroa Maria E. , Zeilemaker Annelieke , Melnick Ari , Löwenberg Bob , Valk Peter J. M. , Delwel Ruud 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The prevalence, the prognostic effect, and interaction with other molecular markers of DNMT3A mutations was studied in 415 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) younger than 60 years. We show mutations in DNMT3A in 96 of 415 patients with newly diagnosed AML (23.1%). Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that patients with DNMT3Amutant AML show significantly worse overall survival (OS; P = .022; hazard ratio [HR], 1.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-1.81), and relapse-free survival (RFS; P = .005; HR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.13-2.05) than DNMT3Awild-type AMLs. In a multivariable analysis, DNMT3A mutations express independent unfavorable prognostic value for OS (P = .003; HR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.2-2.7) and RFS (P < .001; HR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.4-3.3). In a composite genotypic subset of cytogenetic intermediate-risk AML without FLT3-ITD and NPM1 mutations, this association is particularly evident (OS: P = .013; HR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.16-3.77; RFS: P = .001; HR, 2.65; 95% CI, 1.48-4.89). The effect of DNMT3A mutations in human AML remains elusive, because DNMT3Amutant AMLs did not express a methylation or gene expression signature that discriminates them from patients with DNMT3Awild-type AML. We conclude that DNMT3A mutation status is an important factor to consider for risk stratification of patients with AML.
Genome-wide miRNA profiling of mantle cell lymphoma reveals a distinct subgroup with poor prognosis
Authors: Iqbal Javeed , Shen Yulei , Liu Yanyan , Fu Kai , Jaffe Elaine S. , Liu Cuiling , Liu Zhongfeng , Lachel Cynthia M. , Deffenbacher Karen , Greiner Timothy C. , Vose Julie M. , Bhagavathi Sharathkumar , Staudt Louis M. , Rimsza Lisa , Rosenwald Andreas , Ott German , Delabie Jan , Campo Elias , Braziel Rita M. , Cook James R. , Tubbs Raymond R. , Gascoyne Randy D. , Armitage James O. , Weisenburger Dennis D. , McKeithan Timothy W. , Chan Wing C. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
miRNA deregulation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Using a high-throughput quantitative real-time PCR platform, we performed miRNA profiling on cyclin D1–positive MCL (n = 30) and cyclin D1–negative MCL (n = 7) and compared them with small lymphocytic leukemia/lymphoma (n = 12), aggressive B-cell lymphomas (n = 138), normal B-cell subsets, and stromal cells. We identified a 19-miRNA classifier that included 6 up-regulated miRNAs and 13 down regulated miRNA that was able to distinguish MCL from other aggressive lymphomas. Some of the up-regulated miRNAs are highly expressed in naive B cells. This miRNA classifier showed consistent results in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues and was able to distinguish cyclin D1–negative MCL from other lymphomas. A 26-miRNA classifier could distinguish MCL from small lymphocytic leukemia/lymphoma, dominated by 23 up-regulated miRNAs in MCL. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of MCL patients demonstrated a cluster characterized by high expression of miRNAs from the polycistronic miR17-92 cluster and its paralogs, miR-106a-363 and miR-106b-25, and associated with high proliferation gene signature. The other clusters showed enrichment of stroma-associated miRNAs, and also had higher expression of stroma-associated genes. Our clinical outcome analysis in the present study suggested that miRNAs can serve as prognosticators.
Comprehensive analysis of unique cases with extraordinary control over HIV replication
Authors: Mendoza Daniel , Johnson Sarah A. , Peterson Bennett A. , Natarajan Ven , Salgado Maria , Dewar Robin L. , Burbelo Peter D. , Doria-Rose Nicole A. , Graf Erin H. , Greenwald Jamieson H. , Hodge Jessica N. , Thompson William L. , Cogliano Nancy A. , Chairez Cheryl L. , Rehm Catherine A. , Jones Sara , Hallahan Claire W. , Kovacs Joseph A. , Sereti Irini , Sued Omar , Peel Sheila A. , O'Connell Robert J. , O'Doherty Una , Chun Tae-Wook , Connors Mark , Migueles Stephen A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractTrue long-term nonprogressors (LTNPs)/elite controllers (ECs) maintain durable control over HIV replication without antiretroviral therapy. Herein we describe 4 unique persons who were distinct from conventional LTNPs/ECs in that they had extraordinarily low HIV burdens and comparatively weak immune responses. As a group, typical LTNPs/ECs have unequivocally reactive HIV-1 Western blots, viral loads below the lower threshold of clinical assays, low levels of persistent viral reservoirs, an over-representation of protective HLA alleles, and robust HIV-specific CD8+ T-cell responses. The 4 unique cases were distinguished from typical LTNPs/ECs based on weakly reactive Western blots, undetectable plasma viremia by a single copy assay, extremely low to undetectable HIV DNA levels, and difficult to isolate replication-competent virus. All 4 had at least one protective HLA allele and CD8+ T-cell responses that were disproportionately high for the low antigen levels but comparatively lower than those of typical LTNPs/ECs. These unique persons exhibit extraordinary suppression over HIV replication, therefore, higher-level control than has been demonstrated in previous studies of LTNPs/ECs. Additional insight into the full spectrum of immune-mediated suppression over HIV replication may enhance our understanding of the associated mechanisms, which should inform the design of efficacious HIV vaccines and immunotherapies.
Human extramedullary bone marrow in mice: a novel in vivo model of genetically controlled hematopoietic microenvironment
Authors: Chen Ye , Jacamo Rodrigo , Shi Yue-xi , Wang Rui-yu , Battula Venkata Lokesh , Konoplev Sergej , Strunk Dirk , Hofmann Nicole A. , Reinisch Andreas , Konopleva Marina , Andreeff Michael 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The interactions between hematopoietic cells and the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment play a critical role in normal and malignant hematopoiesis and drug resistance. These interactions within the BM niche are unique and could be important for developing new therapies. Here, we describe the development of extramedullary bone and bone marrow using human mesenchymal stromal cells and endothelial colony-forming cells implanted subcutaneously into immunodeficient mice. We demonstrate the engraftment of human normal and leukemic cells engraft into the human extramedullary bone marrow. When normal hematopoietic cells are engrafted into the model, only discrete areas of the BM are hypoxic, whereas leukemia engraftment results in widespread severe hypoxia, just as recently reported by us in human leukemias. Importantly, the hematopoietic cell engraftment could be altered by genetical manipulation of the bone marrow microenvironment: Extramedullary bone marrow in which hypoxia-inducible factor 1α was knocked down in mesenchymal stromal cells by lentiviral transfer of short hairpin RNA showed significant reduction (50% ± 6%; P = .0006) in human leukemic cell engraftment. These results highlight the potential of a novel in vivo model of human BM microenvironment that can be genetically modified. The model could be useful for the study of leukemia biology and for the development of novel therapeutic modalities aimed at modifying the hematopoietic microenvironment.
Chirped InGaAs quantum dot molecules for broadband applications
Authors: Patanasemakul Nirat , Panyakeow Somsak , Kanjanachuchai Songphol 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Lateral InGaAs quantum dot molecules (QDMs) formed by partial-cap and regrowth technique exhibit two ground-state (GS) peaks controllable via the thicknesses of InAs seed quantum dots (x), GaAs cap (y), and InAs regrowth (z). By adjusting x/y/z in a stacked QDM bilayer, the GS peaks from the two layers can be offset to straddle, stagger, or join up with each other, resulting in multi-GS or broadband spectra. A non-optimized QDM bilayer with a 170-meV full-width at half-maximum is demonstrated. The temperature dependencies of the emission peak energies and intensities from the chirped QDM bilayers are well explained by Varshni's equation and thermal activation of carriers out of constituent quantum dots.
Transesophageal echocardiography, more than a diagnostic tool: use during surgical ligation of coronary artery fistulae - a case report
Authors: Chung Ping-Chen , Huang Pai-Ching , Liu Yu-Fang , Chen Kuen-Bao 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Coronary artery fistulae (CAF) are an infrequent coronary abnormality. Herein, we describe the use of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in the treatment of CAF. A 61 year-old woman presented with chest pain and symptoms consistent with unstable angina. Subsequent coronary angiography revealed the presence of 2 CAF, one extending from the left anterior descending artery to the pulmonary artery (PA) and the other extending from the proximal right coronary artery to the PA. Surgical ligation of the CAF without coronary bypass was arranged. Intraoperative TEE was successfully employed to localize the CAF, monitor fistula blood flow and heart wall motion, and confirm successful ligation. The patient recovered without complications. This case highlights the utility of intraoperative TEE during ligation of CAF.
Investigation of unexpected serum CA19-9 elevation in Lewis-negative cancer patients
Authors: Hamada Etsuko , Taniguchi Terumi , Baba Satoshi , Maekawa Masato 
Published: April 2012

Background Cancer patients with a Lewis (a−b−) phenotype have no carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) in their serum. However, we found a small but distinct elevation in the serum CA19-9 level in three cancer patients with the Lewis-negative phenotype. Here, we investigated the reason of such phenomena. Methods Six cancer patients with a Lewis-negative phenotype were selected by very low CA19-9 concentrations: three showed a small elevation (Group A) and the other three showed no elevation (Group B) in the serum CA19-9. We investigated the difference by analyzing the Lewis/Secretor genotypes. Results All of the six patients with a Le (a−b−) phenotype were genuine Le-negative genotypes: four individuals were homozygous for le1 ( le59,508), one patient was compound heterozygous for le1 ( le59,508) and le2 ( le59,1067) and one patient was compound heterozygous for le1 and le202,314. As for the Secretor gene, the three patients in Group B were homozygous for Se2 (one patient) or compound heterozygous for Se2 and sej (two patients), while the patients in Group A were all homozygous for sej genotypes. Conclusions Even genuinely Le-negative patients, who genetically lack the Le enzyme and theoretically never produce CA19-9, occasionally show a slight increase in serum CA19-9 level when they are homozygous for Se-negative genotypes and suffer from advanced cancer with overproduction of glycans as precursors of CA19-9. Although such cases are not frequent, we should be acquainted with the correlation between serum CA19-9 values and genotypes of Lewis and Secretor genes.
Comparative analysis of current diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Boyadzhieva Mariya V , Atanasova Iliana , Zacharieva Sabina , Tankova Tsvetalina , Dimitrova Violeta 
Published: April 2012

Background To compare current guidelines for diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to identify the ones that are the most relevant for application among pregnant Bulgarian population. Methods A total of 800 pregnant women at high risk for GDM underwent 75 g oral glucose tolerance test between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation as antenatal screening. The results were interpreted and classified according to the guidelines of the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG), American Diabetes Association (ADA), Australasian Diabetes in Pregnancy Society, Canadian Diabetes Association, European Association for the Study of Diabetes, New Zealand Society for the study of Diabetes and World Health Organization. Results The application of different diagnostic criteria resulted in prevalences of GDM between 10.8% and 31.6%. Using any two sets of criteria, women who were classified differently varied between 0.1% and 21.1% ( P < 0.001).The IADPSG criteria were the most inclusive criteria and resulted in the highest prevalence of GDM. There was a significant difference in the major metabolic parameters between GDM and control groups, regardless of which of the diagnostic criteria applied. GDM diagnosed according to all criteria resulted in increased proportion of delivery by caesarean section (CS). However, only ADA and IADPSG criteria identified both increased macrosomia (odds ratio, 2.36; 2.29) and CS rate. Conclusion The need for GDM screening is indisputable. In our view, the new IADPSG guidelines offer a unique opportunity for a unified national and global approach to GDM.
microRNA and the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer – a new horizon for molecular diagnostics and treatment?
Authors: Kuhlmann Jan Dominik , Rasch Jens , Wimberger Pauline , Kasimir-Bauer Sabine 
Published: April 2012

AbstractOvarian cancer is the leading cause of death among gynecologic malignancies and despite advances in treatment, more than 50% of all patients will experience recurrence, resulting in worse overall prognosis. Therefore, identification of novel biomarkers for ovarian cancer is of significant interest. microRNA (miRNA) constitute a class of small gene regulatory RNA molecules (18–24 nt) and by sequence complementarity, they negatively regulate messenger RNA (mRNA) translation of target genes. Rising data are available that miRNA are functionally involved in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer. In this regard, recent advances in profiling studies revealed a variety of miRNA candidates, differently expressed in ovarian carcinomas and in disease-specific conditions like hypoxia or chemo-resistance. This review abstracts recent efforts on establishing miRNA as novel molecular biomarkers for ovarian cancer and depicts the existing preliminary framework for defining peripheral-blood derived miRNA as novel circulating biomarkers. Beside these clinical implications, we highlight the current functional understanding of miRNA alteration and discuss major challenges in miRNA profiling approaches. Finally, we briefly outline methodologies to therapeutically modulate miRNA expression in cancer and try to assess how miRNA can improve our conceptual understanding and the clinical management of ovarian cancer.