bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural basis of simultaneous recruitment of the transcriptional regulators LMO2 and FOG1/ZFPM1 by the transcription factor GATA1
Authors: Wilkinson-White Lorna , Gamsjaeger Roland , Dastmalchi Siavoush , Wienert Beeke , Stokes Philippa H. , Crossley Merlin , Mackay Joel P. , Matthews Jacqueline M. 
Published: August 2011

The control of red blood cell and megakaryocyte development by the regulatory protein GATA1 is a paradigm for transcriptional regulation of gene expression in cell lineage differentiation and maturation. Most GATA1-regulated events require GATA1 to bind FOG1, and essentially all GATA1-activated genes are cooccupied by a TAL1/E2A/LMO2/LDB1 complex; however, it is not known whether FOG1 and TAL1/E2A/LMO2/LDB1 are simultaneously recruited by GATA1. Our structural data reveal that the FOG1-binding domain of GATA1, the N finger, can also directly contact LMO2 and show that, despite the small size (< 50 residues) of the GATA1 N finger, both FOG1 and LMO2 can simultaneously bind this domain. LMO2 in turn can simultaneously contact both GATA1 and the DNA-binding protein TAL1/E2A at bipartite E-box/WGATAR sites. Taken together, our data provide the first structural snapshot of multiprotein complex formation at GATA1-dependent genes and support a model in which FOG1 and TAL1/E2A/LMO2/LDB1 can cooccupy E-box/WGATAR sites to facilitate GATA1-mediated activation of gene activation.
Stable forest–savanna mosaic in north‐western Tanzania: local‐scale evidence from δ13C signatures and 14C ages of soil fractions
Authors: Wiedemeier Daniel B. , Bloesch Urs , Hagedorn Frank 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAim  The spatio‐temporal dynamics of dry evergreen forest patches in the savanna biome of the Kagera region (north‐western Tanzania) are largely unknown owing to a lack of pollen and macrofossil evidence. Our aims were to reconstruct local‐scale shifts of the forest–savanna boundary in order to determine whether the forests have been expanding or retreating on a centennial and millennial time‐scale.Location  The Kagera region of north‐western Tanzania, East Africa.Methods  The vegetation reconstruction was based on analysing δ13C signatures in soils along a transect spanning both C4 open savanna and C3 forest vegetation. Furthermore, we fractionated soil organic matter (SOM) according to density and chemical stability to analyse δ13C values of soil fractions with distinct radiocarbon ages.Results  We found sharp changes in δ13C signatures in bulk SOM from the forest to the savanna, within a few metres along the transect. The forest soil profiles carried a persistent C3‐dominated signature. Radiocarbon dating of the oldest, most recalcitrant forest soil fraction yielded a mean age of 5500 cal. yr bp, demonstrating that the forest has existed since at least the mid‐Holocene. The savanna sites showed a typical C4 isotopic signature in SOM of topsoils, but subsoils and more recalcitrant SOM fractions also contained signals of C3 plants. The dense soil fraction (ρ > 1.6 g cm−3) carrying a pure C4 label had a mean age of c. 1200 cal. yr bp, indicating the minimum duration of the dominance of grass vegetation on the savanna site. At the forest edge, the older C4 grass signature of SOM has steadily been replaced by the more negative δ13C fingerprint of the forest trees. As this replacement has occurred mainly in the 10‐m‐wide forest–savanna ecotone over the last c. 1200 years, the forest expansion must be very slow and is very likely less than 15 m century−1.Main conclusions  Our results suggest that forest patches in the Kagera savanna landscape are very stable vegetation formations which have persisted for millennia. During the last millennium, they have been expanding very slowly into the surrounding savanna at a rate of less than 15 m century−1.
Quality in e‐learning – a conceptual framework based on experiences from three international benchmarking projects
Authors: Ossiannilsson E. , Landgren L. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBetween 2008 and 2010, Lund University took part in three international benchmarking projects, E‐xcellence+, the eLearning Benchmarking Exercise 2009, and the First Dual‐Mode Distance Learning Benchmarking Club.A comparison of these models revealed a rather high level of correspondence. From this finding and from desktop studies of the current discourse regarding e‐learning, a conceptual framework for e‐learning has emerged based on a range of critical success factors. This model could be used as a foundation for future e‐learning and as an inspiration to develop, implement, evaluate, and internalize e‐learning. It shows that various aspects of accessibility, flexibility, interactiveness, personalization, and productivity should be embedded in all levels of management and services within the field of e‐learning in higher education. To meet students' expectations, demands, and rights, these critical issues should be taken into account from a holistic perspective with transparency and innovation in mind.Therefore, successful e‐learning requires change from an organizational as well as a pedagogical perspective. One conclusion from this study is that a revolution is on the way and that learning will be reoriented along paradigms of collaboration and networking. Globalization, sustainability, and lifelong learning will be some of the leading concepts in this process.
Refuelling of vehicles, the use of wood burners and the risk of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in childhood
Authors: Bailey Helen D. , de Klerk Nicholas H. , Fritschi Lin , Attia John , Daubenton John D. , Armstrong Bruce K. , Milne Elizabeth ,   for the Aus‐ALL Consortium
Published: August 2011

SummaryBailey HD, de Klerk NH, Fritschi L, Attia J, Daubenton JD, Armstrong BK, Milne E for the Aus‐ALL Consortium. Refuelling of vehicles, the use of wood burners and the risk of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in childhood. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 2011; 25: 528–539.It is plausible that exposure of the parents before birth or of the child to sources of benzene increases the risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). The aim of this analysis was to investigate whether refuelling a vehicle with petrol before birth or burning wood to heat the home before or after the child's birth increased the risk of childhood ALL. Data from 389 cases and 876 frequency‐matched controls were analysed using unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for study matching factors and potential confounders. The odds ratio (OR) for the mother ever refuelling a vehicle with petrol for non‐occupational purposes before or during the pregnancy was 0.97 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.69, 1.38]. The OR for the father for this exposure in the year before conception was 0.88 [95% CI 0.52, 1.48]. The OR for use of a closed wood burner to heat the home in the year before or during pregnancy was 1.41 [95% CI 1.02, 1.94] and 1.25 [95% CI 0.92, 1.70] after birth. We found no evidence that non‐occupational refuelling a vehicle with petrol in the year before or during pregnancy increased the risk of ALL in the offspring. There was weak evidence that burning wood in a closed burner to heat the home increased the risk, but there was no dose–response relationship and chance could explain the finding.
The application of multiparameter reference intervals for pre‐donation capillary blood counts: the experience of a single institution
Authors: Pierelli L. , Zennaro F. , Chiarioni S. , Miceli M. 
Published: August 2011

Objectives: To evaluate a set of reference counts applied to multiparameter pre‐counts in blood donors.Aim: Analyse the impact of pre‐donation counts and specific reference intervals on donors' management.Background: Multiparameter blood counts allow an improved enrolment process of blood donors due to a prompt identification of abnormalities involving haemoglobin (Hb), white blood cells (WBC) and platelets (PLT).Methods/Materials: Multiple pre‐donation capillary counts were applied in the enrolment process of 13 347 consecutive donors. The rate of specific alterations of permanent exclusion and donor readmittance to donations for temporary exclusion had been evaluated, applying a set of multiparameter reference intervals.Results: Alterations involved Hb in 72·55% of cases, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) in 20·99%, total WBC in 9·39%, lymphocytes in 7·55% and PLT in 6·07%. Among donors with initial alterations (543; 4·06%), 12·70% were readmitted to donations within 15 days, 14·36% had permanent exclusion, 36·83% underwent prompt supplementation treatment and 36·09% were lost at follow‐up or refused treatments.Discussion: The systematic use of blood count reference intervals and pre‐donation multiparameter blood counts allowed prompt identification of WBC, PLT and MCV alterations, readmittance within 15 days of 12·70% of initially excluded donors and contributed to prompt management of supplement deficiency.
Approximate Bayesian computation reveals the factors that influence genetic diversity and population structure of foxsnakes
Authors: ROW J. R. , BROOKS R. J. , MacKINNON C. A. , LAWSON A. , CROTHER B. I. , WHITE M. , LOUGHEED S. C. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractContemporary geographical range and patterns of genetic diversity within species reflect complex interactions between multiple factors acting across spatial and temporal scales, and it is notoriously difficult to disentangle causation. Here, we quantify patterns of genetic diversity and genetic population structure using mitochondrial DNA sequences (101 individuals, cytochrome b) and microsatellites (816 individuals, 12 loci) and use Approximate Bayesian computation methods to test competing models of the demographic history of eastern and western foxsnakes. Our analyses indicate that post‐glacial colonization and past population declines, probably caused by the infilling of deciduous forest and cooler temperatures since the mid‐Holocene, largely underpin large‐scale genetic patterns for foxsnakes. At finer geographical scales, our results point to more recent anthropogenic habitat loss as having accentuated genetic population structure by causing further declines and fragmentation.
Genetic variability of maternal effect on body measurements and its intra‐ and inter‐genetic relationship with direct effect in Japanese Black calves
Authors: MUNIM Tahmina , OIKAWA Takuro , IBI Takayuki , KUNIEDA Tetsuo , HOQUE Md. Azharul 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTThis study was conducted to evaluate the importance of maternal effect on body measurement traits at an early stage of growth, and to estimate the genetic relationships between direct and maternal effects and among body measurement traits at 0 month (0‐mo) and 4 months (4‐mo) of age in a population of Japanese Black calves. Body measurements and body weight of 889 Japanese Black calves were estimated with the use of an animal model by the Residual Maximum Likelihood procedure. Direct heritabilities were low to moderate, ranging between 0.17 ± 0.09 and 0.48 ± 0.13 at 0‐mo, and slightly lower, ranging between 0.15 ± 0.07 and 0.33 ± 0.13 at 4‐mo. Estimated maternal heritabilities were low to moderate, ranging between 0.08 ± 0.07 and 0.33 ± 0.07 at 0‐mo and 0.13 ± 0.06 to 0.33 ± 0.06 at 4‐mo. The direct genetic correlations between 0‐mo and 4‐mo were moderate to highly positive, ranging from 0.53 ± 0.23 to 0.96 ± 0.09. The estimated direct genetic correlation of chest width with other width traits was low and positive at both ages, whereas with hip width it was high and positive (0.80 ± 0.09) at 0‐mo, suggesting that simultaneous improvement of body width of the front and back parts is possible. Maternal genetic effects were relatively independent of direct genetic effects for body measurement traits and can be considered in genetic evaluation.
Sexual dimorphism of sulcal length asymmetry in the cerebrum of adult cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)
Authors: Imai Noritaka , Sawada Kazuhiko , Fukunishi Katsuhiro , Sakata‐Haga Hiromi , Fukui Yoshihiro 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe present study aimed to quantitatively clarify the gross anatomical asymmetry and sexual dimorphism of the cerebral hemispheres of cynomolgus monkeys. While the fronto‐occipital length of the right and left cerebral hemispheres was not different between sexes, a statistically significant rightward asymmetry was detected in the cerebral width at the perisylvian region in females, but not in males (narrower width of the left side in the females). An asymmetry quotient of the sulcal lengths revealed a rightward asymmetry in the inferior occipital sulcus and a leftward asymmetry in the central and intraparietal sulci in both sexes. However, the laterality of the lengths of other sulci was different for males and females. The arcuate sulcus was directed rightward in males but there was no rightward bias in females. Interestingly, the principle sulcus and lateral fissure were left‐lateralized in the males, but right‐lateralized in the females. The results suggest that lateralization patterns are regionally and sexually different in the cerebrum of cynomolgus monkeys. The present results provide a reference for quantitatively evaluating the normality of the cerebral cortical morphology in cynomolgus monkeys.
Protostellar outflows with smoothed particle magnetohydrodynamics
Authors: Bürzle Florian , Clark Paul C. , Stasyszyn Federico , Dolag Klaus , Klessen Ralf S. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
The protostellar collapse of a molecular cloud core is usually accompanied by outflow phenomena. The latter are thought to be driven by magnetorotational processes from the central parts of the protostellar disc. While several 3D adaptive mesh refinement/nested grid studies of outflow phenomena in collapsing magnetically supercritical dense cores have been reported in the literature, so far no such simulation has been performed using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method. This is mainly due to intrinsic numerical difficulties in handling magnetohydrodynamics within SPH, which only recently were partly resolved. In this work, we use an approach where we evolve the magnetic field via the induction equation, augmented with stability correction and divergence cleaning schemes. We consider the collapse of a rotating core of one solar mass, threaded by a weak magnetic field initially parallel to the rotation axis so that the core is magnetically supercritical. We show that smoothed particle magnetohydrodynamics is able to handle the magnetorotational processes connected with outflow phenomena, and to produce meaningful results which are in good agreement with findings reported in the literature. Especially, our numerical scheme allows for a quantitative analysis of the evolution of the ratio of the toroidal to the poloidal magnetic field, which we performed in this work.
New Strategies in Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma: Translating Findings from Gene Expression Analyses into Clinical Practice
Authors: Friedberg Jonathan W. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Gene expression profiling has had a major impact on our understanding of the biology and heterogeneity of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Using this technology, investigators can identify biologic subgroups of DLBCL that provide unique targets for rational therapeutic intervention. This review summarizes these potential targets and updates the progress of clinical development of exciting novel agents for the treatment of DLBCL. Results of ongoing studies suggest that in the near future, we will be able to use gene expression profiling, or an accurate surrogate, to define the best therapeutic approach for individual patients with DLBCL. Clin Cancer Res; 17(19); 6112–7. ©2011 AACR.
Renal Insufficiency After Contrast Media Administration Trial II (REMEDIAL II)
Authors: Briguori Carlo , Visconti Gabriella , Focaccio Amelia , Airoldi Flavio , Valgimigli Marco , Sangiorgi Giuseppe Massimo , Golia Bruno , Ricciardelli Bruno , Condorelli Gerolama ,   for the REMEDIAL II Investigators
Published: August 2011

Background—
The RenalGuard System, which creates high urine output and fluid balancing, may be beneficial in preventing contrast-induced acute kidney injury.

Methods and Results—

The Renal Insufficiency After Contrast Media Administration Trial II (REMEDIAL II) trial is a randomized, multicenter, investigator-driven trial addressing the prevention of contrast-induced acute kidney injury in high-risk patients. Patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate ≤30 mL · min
−1
· 1.73 m
−2
and/or a risk score ≥11 were randomly assigned to sodium bicarbonate solution and N-acetylcysteine (control group) or hydration with saline and N-acetylcysteine controlled by the RenalGuard System and furosemide (RenalGuard group). The primary end point was an increase of ≥0.3 mg/dL in the serum creatinine concentration at 48 hours after the procedure. The secondary end points included serum cystatin C kinetics and rate of in-hospital dialysis. Contrast-induced acute kidney injury occurred in 16 of 146 patients in the RenalGuard group (11%) and in 30 of 146 patients in the control group (20.5%; odds ratio, 0.47; 95% confidence interval, 0.24 to 0.92). There were 142 patients (48.5%) with an estimated glomerular filtration rate ≤30 mL · min
−1
· 1.73 and 149 patients (51.5%) with only a risk score ≥11. Subgroup analysis according to inclusion criteria showed a similarly lower risk of adverse events (estimated glomerular filtration rate ≤30 mL · min
−1
· 1.73 m
−2
: odds ratio, 0.44; risk score ≥11: odds ratio, 0.45;
P
for interaction=0.97). Changes in cystatin C at 24 hours (0.02±0.32 versus −0.08±0.26;
P
=0.002) and 48 hours (0.12±0.42 versus 0.03±0.31;
P
=0.001) and the rate of in-hospital dialysis (4.1% versus 0.7%;
P
=0.056) were higher in the control group.

Conclusion—
RenalGuard therapy is superior to sodium bicarbonate and N-acetylcysteine in preventing contrast-induced acute kidney injury in high-risk patients.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrial.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01098032.
Improved Madden–Julian Oscillations with Improved Physics: The Impact of Modified Convection Parameterizations
Authors: Zhou Lei , B. Neale Richard , Jochum Markus , Murtugudde Raghu 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Two modifications are made to the deep convection parameterization in the NCAR Community Climate System Model, version 3 (CCSM3): a dilute plume approximation and an implementation of the convective momentum transport (CMT). These changes lead to significant improvement in the simulated Madden–Julian oscillations (MJOs). With the dilute plume approximation, temperature and convective heating perturbations become more positively correlated. Consequently, more available potential energy is generated and the intraseasonal variability (ISV) becomes stronger. The organization of ISV is also improved, which is manifest in coherent structures between different MJO phases and an improved simulation of the eastward propagation of MJOs with a reasonable eastward speed. The improved propagation can be attributed to a better simulation of the low-level zonal winds due to the inclusion of CMT. The authors posit that the large-scale zonal winds are akin to a selective conveyor belt that facilitates the organization of ISVs into highly coherent structures, which are important features of observed MJOs. The conclusions are supported by two supplementary experiments, which include the dilute plume approximation and CMT separately.
Questions asked and answered in pilot and feasibility randomized controlled trials
Authors: Shanyinde Milensu , Pickering Ruth M , Weatherall Mark 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackgroundIn the last decade several authors have reviewed the features of pilot and feasibility studies and advised on the issues that should be addressed within them. We extend this literature by examining published pilot/feasibility trials that incorporate random allocation, examining their stated objectives, results presented and conclusions drawn, and comparing drug and non-drug trials.MethodsA search of EMBASE and MEDLINE databases for 2000 to 2009 revealed 3652 papers that met our search criteria. A random sample of 50 was selected for detailed review.ResultsMost of the papers focused on efficacy: those reporting drug trials additionally addressed safety/toxicity; while those reporting non-drug trials additionally addressed methodological issues. In only 56% (95% confidence intervals 41% to 70%) were methodological issues discussed in substantial depth, 18% (95% confidence interval 9% to 30%) discussed future trials and only 12% (95% confidence interval 5% to 24%) of authors were actually conducting one.ConclusionsDespite recent advice on topics that can appropriately be described as pilot or feasibility studies the large majority of recently published papers where authors have described their trial as a pilot or addressing feasibility do not primarily address methodological issues preparatory to planning a subsequent study, and this is particularly so for papers reporting drug trials. Many journals remain willing to accept the pilot/feasibility designation for a trial, possibly as an indication of inconclusive results or lack of adequate sample size.
Effects of acute adult and early-in-life bladder inflammation on bladder neuropeptides in adult female rats
Authors: Shaffer Amber D , Ball Chelsea L , Robbins Meredith T , Ness Timothy J , Randich Alan 
Published: August 2011

Abstract

Background
The purpose of the present study was to determine how acute adult and/or prior early-in life (EIL; P14-P16) exposure to bladder inflammation affects bladder content of calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP). Estrous cycle influences were also studied in the adult-treatment conditions.

Methods
In Experiment 1, intravesical zymosan or isoflurane anesthesia alone was administered to adult female rats. Bladders and serum were collected 24 hours later during each phase of the estrous cycle. In Experiment 2, zymosan or anesthesia alone was administered EIL and as adults, with bladder tissue collection 24 h later.

Results
In general, Experiment 1 showed that bladder content of both CGRP and SP was increased by inflammation. This effect was significant when data were collapsed across all phases of the estrous cycle, but was only significant during proestrus when individual comparisons were made during each phase of estrous. Also, adult bladder inflammation significantly reduced estradiol levels. In Experiment 2, bladder content of CGRP and SP was significantly increased in rats receiving EIL and/or adult inflammation. Bladder weights were also significantly increased by inflammation.

Conclusions
These data indicate that bladder CGRP and SP are maximally increased during the proestrus phase of the estrous cycle in inflamed adult female rats. EIL exposure to bladder inflammation alone can also produce an increase in CGRP and SP lasting into adulthood. Therefore, EIL experience with bladder inflammation may predispose an organism to experience a painful bladder disorder as an adult by increasing primary afferent content of CGRP and/or SP.