bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal properties of sediments in southern Israel: a comprehensive data set for heat flow and geothermal energy studies
Authors: Schütz F. , Norden B. , Förster, DESIRE Group A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTo decipher the thermal structure of the sedimentary veneer in southern Israel, new values of thermal conductivity and porosity as well as of the radiogenic heat budget are provided. Thermal conductivity is measured for lithotypes and scaled up for geological formations. The new data are higher than most of the previously measured values, in particular for sandstones and siltstones, whose mean values are 5.0 and 2.9 W m−1 K−1. Mean values of the most abundant lithotypes, which are dolomites and limestones, are on the order of 4.1 and 2.7 W m−1 K−1, respectively. The total radiogenic heat production of the sedimentary cover varies slightly over southern Israel, due to variable lithology and total sediment thickness, yielding a maximum heat flow on the order of 4 mW m−2 where the sedimentary section is thickest (ca. 7 km). A temperature prognosis was made by calculating temperature profiles to the top of the crystalline basement at five well locations applying the new thermal‐conductivity data set and three scenarios of surface heat flow (50, 55 and 60 mW m−2). The calculated temperatures best match with measured drillstem‐test temperatures by using heat‐flow values close to the upper bound of range. Surface heat flow on the order of 55–60 mW m−2 is supported by a reevaluation of an existing temperature log and the application of thermal conductivity from this study. The temperature prediction for southern Israel shows values of 100–120°C at 3500–4500 m depth, indicating a geothermal potential that can be used for heating as well as electricity production.
Beyond behavioural observations: a deeper view through the sensory reactions of children with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities
Authors: Lima M. , Silva K. , Amaral I. , Magalhães A. , de Sousa L. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackground The present study was aimed at assessing the behavioural and physiological responsiveness of three children with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities to a set of sensory stimuli.Methods Eighteen items, ‘believed’ by clinicians to be appropriate for routine interventions, were presented to the participants and responsiveness was assessed in terms of: (i) consistent behavioural and electrodermal reactions and (ii) biphasic changes in heart rate.Results Results were twofold. First, all participants showed frequent consistent physiological reactions but rare consistent behavioural ones. Second, all participants showed biphasic changes in heart rate, pointing to the possibility of different appraisals (novelty and pleasantness) of most of the presented items.Conclusions Data here presented may have implications for the development and the emotional well‐being of individuals with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities in that it suggests that reactions to, and potential appraisals of, sensory stimuli may occur despite the lack of consistent observable behaviours.
Changes within the thyroid axis after long‐term TSH‐suppressive levothyroxine therapy
Authors: Verburg Frederik A. , Smit Johannes W. A. , Grelle Inge , Visser Theo J. , Peeters Robin P. , Reiners Christoph 
Published: October 2011

SummaryObjective  The effects of long‐term TSH‐suppressive levothyroxine (LT4) therapy on thyroid hormone metabolism in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) are unknown. The aim of the study was to investigate the changes in thyroid hormone metabolism after long‐term TSH‐suppressive LT4 therapy in patients with DTC.Patients and Methods  Sixty one patients with DTC were followed. For each patient, frozen remnant sera from two time points were selected: time1 (drawn within 1 year of I‐131 ablation; TSH on file <0·3 mIU/l; recruitment period 1999–2002) and time2 (last available sample with TSH on file <0·3 mIU/l; minimum of 3 years of continuous TSH‐suppressive LT4‐therapy on record). TSH, reverse triiodothyronine (rT3), total triiodothyronine (TT3) and total thyroxine (TT4) levels were measured at both time1 and time2, and relationships between these parameters were analysed.Results  Total triiodothyronine, TT4 and TSH levels were significantly reduced at time2 (P < 0·001), whereas LT4 dose, bodyweight and rT3 levels remained constant between time1 and time2. There were no significant changes in the relationship between the dose of LT4/kg bodyweight and TT4 levels (P = 0·14). TT4/TT3 was increased at time2 (P < 0·001), whereas TT4/rT3 and TT3/rT3 were significantly decreased at time2. There appeared to be no relationship of the effects found and advancing age.Conclusion  After long‐term TSH‐suppressive LT4 therapy for DTC, there are significant changes in thyroid hormone metabolism, which are best explained by a combined downregulation of deiodinases subtypes 1 and 2 and an upregulation of deiodinase subtype 3.
Managing risk and conflict behaviours in acute psychiatry: the dual role of constant special observation
Authors: Stewart Duncan , Bowers Len , Ross Jamie 
Published: October 2011

stewart d., bowers l. & ross j. (2012) Managing risk and conflict behaviours in acute psychiatry: the dual role of constant special observation. Journal of Advanced Nursing68(6), 1340–1348.AbstractAims.  This is a report of a study of events before and after the use of constant special observation on acute psychiatric wards, and the characteristics of patients who received it.Background.  Constant special observation is a method of preventing acutely disturbed inpatients from harming themselves or others. It has been characterized as impersonal, intrusive and non‐therapeutic. The circumstances of its use and place in broader intervention strategies are not well understood.Methods.  A sample of 522 patients were recruited from 84 acute psychiatric wards in 31 hospital locations in London and surrounding areas during 2009–2010. Data were collected for the first 2 weeks of admission from patients’ case notes.Results.  Sixteen per cent of patients received constant special observation during the first 2 weeks in hospital (7% at the point of admission and 11% after admission), but with variation between hospitals. Absconding, violence and self‐harm were the most common events to precede constant special observation during a shift. Other methods of containment, especially intermittent special observation, were frequently tried first. Episodes of constant special observation often involved de‐escalation and extra medication. Aggression was more prominent during than before constant special observation. Attempted suicides were limited to postadmission episodes.Conclusion.  Constant special observation is usually used in combination with other forms of containment, irrespective of when it is initiated. Placing patients considered at risk of suicide under constant special observation on admission may have a protective effect.
Rodent middens reveal episodic, long‐distance plant colonizations across the hyperarid Atacama Desert over the last 34,000 years
Authors: Díaz Francisca P. , Latorre Claudio , Maldonado Antonio , Quade Jay , Betancourt Julio L. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAim  To document the impact of late Quaternary pluvial events on plant movements between the coast and the Andes across the Atacama Desert, northern Chile.Location  Sites are located along the lower and upper fringes of absolute desert (1100–2800 m a.s.l.), between the western slope of the Andes and the Coastal Ranges of northern Chile (24–26° S).Methods  We collected and individually radiocarbon dated 21 rodent middens. Plant macrofossils (fruits, seeds, flowers and leaves) were identified and pollen content analysed. Midden assemblages afford brief snapshots of local plant communities that existed within the rodents’ limited foraging range during the several years to decades that it took the midden to accumulate. These assemblages were then compared with modern floras to determine the presence of extralocal species and species provenance.Results  Five middens span the last glacial period (34–21 ka) and three middens are from the last glacial–interglacial transition (19–11 ka). The remaining 13 middens span the last 7000 years. Coastal hyperarid sites exhibit low taxonomic richness in middens at 19.3, 1.1, 1.0, 0.9, 0.5 ka and a modern sample. Middens are also dominated by the same plants that occur today. In contrast, middens dated to 28.1, 21.3, 17.3, 3.7 and 0.5 ka contain more species, including Andean extralocals. Precordillera middens (c. 2700 m) show a prominent increase in plant macrofossil richness, along with the appearance of Andean extralocals and sedges at 34.5 and 18.9 ka. Six younger middens dated to 6.1–0.1 ka are similar to the modern local vegetation.Main conclusions  Increased species richness and Andean extralocal plants occurred along the current lower fringes of absolute desert during the last glacial–interglacial transition and late Holocene. The absence of soil carbonates indicates the persistence of absolute desert throughout the Quaternary. Colonization by Andean plants could have been accomplished through long‐distance seed dispersal either by animals or floods that originated in the Andes. We postulate that dispersal would have been most frequent during regional pluvial events and associated increases in groundwater levels, forming local wetlands in the absolute desert, and generating large floods capable of crossing the Central Depression.
Primary healthcare nurses’ experiences with motivational interviewing in health promotion practice
Authors: Brobeck Elisabeth , Bergh Håkan , Odencrants Sigrid , Hildingh Cathrine 
Published: October 2011

Aim.  The aim of the study was to describe primary healthcare nurses’ experiences with motivational interviewing as a method for health promotion practice.Background.  A person’s lifestyle has a major effect on his or her health. Motivational interviewing is one way of working with lifestyle changes in health promotion practice. The basic plan of motivational interviewing is to help people understand their lifestyle problems and make positive lifestyle changes. Motivational interviewing has been proven to be more effective than conventional methods in increasing patient motivation.Design.  This study has a descriptive design and uses a qualitative method.Methods.  Twenty nurses who worked in primary health care and actively used motivational interviewing in their work were interviewed. Qualitative content analysis was used to process the data.Results.  The primary healthcare nurses’ experiences with motivational interviewing as a method of health promotion practice demonstrate that motivational interviewing is a demanding, enriching and useful method that promotes awareness and guidance in the care relationship. The results also show that motivational interviewing is a valuable tool for primary healthcare nurses’ health promotion practice.Conclusion.  This study shows that motivational interviewing places several different demands on nurses who use this method. Those who work with motivational interviewing must make an effort to incorporate this new method to avoid falling back into the former practice of simply giving advice. Maintaining an open mind while implementing motivational interviewing in real healthcare settings is crucial for nurses to increase this method’s effectiveness.Relevance to clinical practice.  The nurses in the study had a positive experience with motivational interviewing, which can contribute to the increased use, adaption and development of motivational interviewing among primary healthcare professionals. Increased motivational interviewing knowledge and skills would also contribute to promotion of health lifestyle practices.
Litter sex ratio affects lifetime reproductive success of free‐living female Alpine marmots Marmota marmota†
Authors: HACKLÄNDER Klaus , ARNOLD Walter 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTIn litter‐bearing mammals, adult phenotype is influenced during prenatal life by the sex of neighbouring foetuses. This phenomenon, found so far only in laboratory studies, may have ecological importance in nature. We present the first evidence that litter sex ratio has consequences for lifetime reproductive success in mammals. Female Alpine marmots born in a male‐biased litter, i.e. more likely to be located in utero next to male foetuses, are more likely to be dominant later in life – a prerequisite for reproduction in this species. We found no evidence for lower reproductive output of these females, a common cost of prenatal masculinization.
Separate inputs modulate phosphorylation‐dependent and ‐independent type VI secretion activation
Authors: Silverman Julie M. , Austin Laura S. , Hsu FoSheng , Hicks Kevin G. , Hood Rachel D. , Mougous Joseph D. 
Published: October 2011

SummaryProductive intercellular delivery of cargo by secretory systems requires exquisite temporal and spatial choreography. Our laboratory has demonstrated that the haemolysin co‐regulated secretion island I (HSI‐I)‐encoded type VI secretion system (H1‐T6SS) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa transfers effector proteins to other bacterial cells. The activity of these effectors requires cell contact‐dependent delivery by the secretion apparatus, and thus their export is highly repressed under planktonic growth conditions. Here we define regulatory pathways that orchestrate efficient secretion by this system. We identified a T6S‐associated protein, TagF, as a posttranslational repressor of the H1‐T6SS. Strains activated by TagF derepression or stimulated through a previously identified threonine phosphorylation pathway (TPP) share the property of secretory ATPase recruitment to the T6S apparatus, yet display different effector output levels and genetic requirements for their export. We also found that these two pathways respond to distinct stimuli; we identified surface growth as a physiological cue that activates the H1‐T6SS exclusively through the TPP. Coordination of posttranslational triggering with cell contact‐promoting growth conditions provides a mechanism for the T6SS to avoid wasteful release of effectors.
Immunohistochemical localization of aggresomal proteins in glial cytoplasmic inclusions in multiple system atrophy
Authors: Chiba Y. , Takei S. , Kawamura N. , Kawaguchi Y. , Sasaki K. , Hasegawa‐Ishii S. , Furukawa A. , Hosokawa M. , Shimada A. 
Published: October 2011

Y. Chiba, S. Takei, N. Kawamura, Y. Kawaguchi, K. Sasaki, S. Hasegawa‐Ishii, A. Furukawa, M. Hosokawa and A. Shimada (2012) Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology38, 559–571Immunohistochemical localization of aggresomal proteins in glial cytoplasmic inclusions in multiple system atrophyAims: Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is pathologically characterized by the formation of α‐synuclein‐containing glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs) in oligodendrocytes. However, the mechanisms of GCI formation are not fully understood. Cellular machinery for the formation of aggresomes has been linked to the biogenesis of the Lewy body, a characteristic α‐synuclein‐containing inclusion of Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Here, we examined whether GCIs contain the components of aggresomes by immunohistochemistry. Methods: Sections from five patients with MSA were stained immunohistochemically with antibodies against aggresome‐related proteins and analysed in comparison with sections from five patients with no neurological disease. We evaluated the presence or absence of aggresome‐related proteins in GCIs by double immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy. Results: GCIs were clearly immunolabelled with antibodies against aggresome‐related proteins, such as γ‐tubulin, histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) and 20S proteasome subunits. Neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions (NCIs) were also immunopositive for these aggresome‐related proteins. Double immunofluorescence staining and quantitative analysis demonstrated that the majority of GCIs contained these proteins, as well as other aggresome‐related proteins, such as Hsp70, Hsp90 and 62‐kDa protein/sequestosome 1 (p62/SQSTM1). Immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated immunoreactivities for γ‐tubulin and HDAC6 along the fibrils comprising GCIs. Conclusions: Our results indicate that GCIs, and probably NCIs, share at least some characteristics with aggresomes in terms of their protein components. Therefore, GCIs and NCIs may be another manifestation of aggresome‐related inclusion bodies observed in neurodegenerative diseases.
The use of two complementary DNA assays, AFLP and MLSA, for epidemic and phylogenetic studies of pectolytic enterobacterial strains with focus on the heterogeneous speciesPectobacterium carotovorum
Authors: Nabhan S. , Wydra K. , Linde M. , Debener T. 
Published: October 2011

Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers and multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) were used to analyse 63 bacterial strains, including 30 soft‐rot‐causing bacterial strains collected from Syrian potato fields and 33 reference strains. For the MLSA, additional sequences of 41 strains ofPectobacteriumandDickeya, available from the NCBI GenBank, were included to produce a single alignment of the 104 taxa for the seven concatenated genes (acnA,gapA,proA,icd,mtlD,mdhandpgi). The results indicate the need for a revision of the previously classified strains, as some potato‐derivedPectobacterium carotovorumstrains were re‐identified asP. wasabiae. The strains that were classified asP. carotovorumduring the analyses demonstrated high heterogeneity and grouped into fiveP. carotovorumhighly supported clusters (PcI to PcV). The strains represented a wide range of host plants including potatoes, cabbage, avocados, arum lilies, sugar cane and more. Host specificity was detected in PcV, in which four of the six strains were isolated from monocotyledonous plants. The PcV strains formed a clearly distinct group in all the constructed phylogenetic trees. The number of strains phylogenetically classified as subspecies ‘P. c. subsp. brasiliensis’ in PcIV dramatically increased in size as a result of the characterization of new isolates or re‐identification of previousP. carotovorumandP. atrosepticumstrains. TheP. carotovorumstrains from Syria were grouped into PcI, PcII and PcIV. This grouping indicates a lack of correlation between the geographical origin and classification of these pathogens.
Characterization of an alcohol addiction‐prone phenotype in mice
Authors: Radwanska Kasia , Kaczmarek Leszek 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTHuman studies indicate that high impulsivity, novelty seeking and anxiety predispose individuals to alcohol abuse. Unclear, however, is whether the same phenotypes can be observed in laboratory animals prone to uncontrolled alcohol drinking. To characterize a novelty‐seeking trait, anxiety, impulsivity, compulsivity and the motivation for natural rewards in mice, numerous tests were performed in the automated IntelliCage learning system. The same mice then had extended access to alcohol for 70 days, followed by the evaluation of addiction‐like behaviors, including (1) the motivation for alcohol in a progressive‐ratio schedule of reinforcement; (2) persistent and compulsive alcohol seeking and taking during signaled ‘no alcohol’ periods and (3) when subjected to punishment; and (4) the intensity of relapse after alcohol withdrawal. Our data suggest that high levels of anxiety‐related traits (i.e. low novelty seeking, low resistance to punishment and a high level of compulsive behaviors) and high impulsivity predict addiction‐like alcohol drinking in mice. Future studies are, however, warranted to create a valid model of alcohol addiction in mice in the IntelliCage system.
Pregabalin and topiramate regulate behavioural and brain gene transcription changes induced by spontaneous cannabinoid withdrawal in mice
Authors: Aracil‐Fernández Auxiliadora , Almela Pilar , Manzanares Jorge 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTThis study examined the actions of pregabalin and topiramate on behavioural and gene transcription alterations induced by spontaneous cannabinoid withdrawal in mice.Tolerance was induced in mice by administration of CP‐55,940 (0.5 mg/kg/12 hours; i.p.; 7 days). Behavioural assessment of spontaneous cannabinoid withdrawal was performed by measuring motor activity, somatic signs and anxiety‐like behaviour on days 1 and 3 after cessation of treatment with CP‐55,940. On days 1–3 of cannabinoid withdrawal, mice received pregabalin (40 mg/kg/12 hours; p.o.) or topiramate (50 mg/kg/12 hours; p.o.) and their actions on signs of withdrawal and anxiety‐like behaviour were evaluated.The administration of CP‐55,940 decreased rectal temperature and motor activity on day 1. On day 1 after interruption of cannabinoid administration, motor activity and the number of rearings increased compared with control group. Anxiety‐like behaviour induced by cessation of cannabinoid treatment increased significantly on days 1 and 3 of withdrawal. The administration of pregabalin or topiramate blocked the motor signs and reduced significantly anxiety‐like behaviour. Cannabinoid withdrawal decreased tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene expression in the ventral tegmental area and µ‐opioid receptor gene expression in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and increased CB1 receptor gene expression in the NAcc. Treatment with topiramate or pregabalin blocked the decrease of TH and the increase of CB1 gene expressions induced by cannabinoid withdrawal. Both drugs failed to alter µ‐opioid receptor gene expression.These results suggest that pregabalin and topiramate may result useful for the treatment of anxiety‐like behaviour and motor symptoms associated with spontaneous cannabinoid withdrawal.
Secondary soy allergy in children with birch pollen allergy may cause both chronic and acute symptoms
Authors: De Swert Liliane F. A. , Gadisseur Romy , Sjölander Sigrid , Raes Marc , Leus Jasmine , Van Hoeyveld Erna 
Published: October 2011

To cite this article: De Swert LFA, Gadisseur R, Sjölander S, Raes M, Leus J, Van Hoeyveld E. Secondary soy allergy in children with birch pollen allergy may cause both chronic and acute symptoms. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2011; Doi: 10.1111/j.1399‐3038.2011.01218.xAbstractBackground:  Secondary soy allergy occurring in tree pollen allergic patients may cause acute symptoms.Methods:  We selected children with birch pollen allergy suspected of also being soy allergic (SA). Soy allergy was proven based on one of the following: (i) a clear‐cut clinical history; (ii) a positive provocation test; and (iii) elimination and reintroduction of soy. Skin prick tests (SPT) were performed with a commercial soy extract and with soy flour. Specific IgE to Gly m 4, Gly m 5, and Gly m 6 was determined by means of ImmunoCAP and ISAC. Eight soy‐tolerant atopic children being CAP rGly m 4‐negative served as a control group for skin testing.Results:  Of 15 subjects with birch pollen allergy and being suspected of soy allergy, eight of them proved to be SA; 7/15 subjects proved to be soy tolerant (ST). Besides acute symptoms in 8/8 SA subjects, 3/8 subjects also had been suffering from severe chronic complaints because of soy allergy. SPT with commercial soy extract was negative in all SA and ST subjects tested. SPT with soy flour was positive in 8/8 SA and in 5/6 ST subjects, but negative in all 8 controls (p < 0.0001); the median weal diameter was 7.7 mm in SA subjects, compared to 3 mm in ST subjects (p < 0.01). The median IgE level to rGly m 4 using CAP and ISAC was, respectively, 32.4 kU/l and 4.0 ISU in SA subjects, compared to 6.2 kU/l and 0.4 ISU in ST subjects (p < 0.05). Analysis of IgE to nGly m 5 and nGly m 6, using CAP or ISAC, showed no significant differences between SA and ST subjects.Conclusions:  Secondary soy allergy may cause severe chronic besides acute symptoms. SPT with soy flour is a sensitive and specific tool in detecting soy sensitization. SPT with soy flour, CAP rGly m 4, and ISAC rGLY m 4 are valuable tools in the diagnosis of birch‐pollen‐associated secondary soy allergy.