bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Experience with a Low‐Dose Combination of Estradiol Valerate and Levonorgestrel: Double‐blind Comparative Study between SH D 386 F and Cyclabil. Effects on Symptoms, Lipids and Endometrial Condition*
Authors: Lagrelius A. , Fredricsson B. , Hirt M. , Weintraub L. 
Published: December 2009

In a double blind study of the effects of hormone replacement therapy in climacteric women, two different dosages of estradiol—17β valerate and levonorgestrel, with the same ratio between the amounts of the two steroids (Cyclabil and the trial preparation having the code number SH D 386 F respectively), were compared. The differences in effects on symptoms, certain humoral parameters including serum lipids, and endometrial histology before and after 12 months of therapy were evaluated.The study population consisted of 120 healthy women in the age range 41–63 years, many of whom had undergone previous estrogen treatment. All had typical climacteric symptoms and were peri‐ or postmenopausal.There were no significant differences between the two preparations as regards the effects on symptoms—except for episodes of hot flushes and depression (loss of confidence), which were more frequent during treatment with the higher dosage.One of the main objects of the study was to determine whether the lower dosage would be sufficient to prevent the development of endometrial hyperplasia. To this end, endometrial samples were collected before and after 12 months of treatment, using “Mi‐mark TM” disposable equipment for endometrial cytology/histology.No significant endometrial hyperplasia was found in either of the groups during the period of investigation.The serum lipid pattern was evidently more influenced in the group treated with Cyclabil.The drop‐out rate was 20%, most of them being due to side effects of mild to moderate severity such as undesirable withdrawal bleedings or unsatisfactory relief of symptoms, which sometimes resulted in a wish to return to earlier treatment regimens.
Predictive Values of Diagnostic Tests in the Evaluation of Female Urinary Stress Incontinence
Authors: Fischer‐Rasmussen Wiggo , Hansen Rolf Iversen , Stage Poul 
Published: December 2009

Preoperatively a collaboration between gynecologists, urologists and radiologists is essential for the diagnostic accuracy of urinary incontinence especially to isolate stress incontinence for surgical treatment. the aim of this study was to estimate the value of these combined efforts.212 women referred for urinary incontinence were assessed by history of micturition, pelvic examination, cystoscopy, cystometry, stress test for urine loss, uroflowmetry and colpo‐cysto‐urethrography. a final diagnosis obtained on this basis classified the patients in stress incontinence (130), urgeincontinence (47), neuromuscular dysfunction (6), uncertain type (10), other disease (8) and no incontinence (11).According to calculations of predictive values of positive and negative tests, respectively, each single test in the preoperative investigation programme was evaluated regarding the final diagnosis stress incontinence. It was assumed that the symptom stress incontinence, the pelvic examination and the colpo‐cysto‐urethrography were of minor or no importance for the diagnosis stress incontinence but might have been for the choice of surgical treatment. Cystoscopy and uroflowmetry had no place in daily routine. in contrast normal cystometry and especially the sign stress incontinence deserved consideration of refinements.
Eclampsia in Sweden, 1976–1980
Authors: Möller Bo , Lindmark Gunilla 
Published: December 2009

Among 480969 births in Sweden during the period 1976 to 1980, 74 parturients with eclampsia were identified. the clinical characteristics of women developing eclampsia before 37 completed weeks of gestation differed markedly from those with eclampsia at term. in the preterm group, subjective symptoms nearly always preceded the eclamptic attack, the newborns were generally small‐forgestational‐age, the perinatal mortality was high, and the mothers more frequently had complications related to eclampsia. the only maternal death occurred in this group.In the term group the first convulsion often came unexpectedly without typical premonitory signs. the infants were with few exceptions within the average for gestational age. the general outcome for mothers and their babies was favorable and the length of hospital stay was on average 3 days longer than that of the overall obstetric population.Eclampsia cases in Sweden represent a small subfraction of parturients with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. the incidence (29/100000) in our material is, to our knowledge, the lowest yet reported. Despite the very regular attendance at the antenatal clinic, weekly from 36 weeks onwards, fewer than half of the patients had hypertension diagnosed 4 days or more prior to the eclamptic convulsion. a shortening of the intervals between the antenatal visits therefore does not seem warranted.
Induction of Labor by Intra‐Cervical Pge2 in Viscous Gel: Mechanism of Action and Clinical Treatment Routines
Authors: Wiqvist Ingrid , Norström Anders , Wiqvist Nils 
Published: December 2009

Induction of labor in women with immature cervix was accomplished by four different treatment schedules. the case material included a total of 100 subjects, each treatment group having 25 cases:Group A: Intravenous oxytocin;Group B: Intracervical PGE2‐gel followed by intravenous oxytocin;Group C: Intracervical PGE2‐gel twice with a 12‐hour interval;Group D: Intracervical placebo gel twice with 12‐hour interval.Oxytocin did not influence the Bishop score (B.S.) unless in the presence of active labor contractions. in contrast, there was an increment in B.S. by 3.6 points on average within 12 hours following PGE2‐gel as calculated from data of subjects without signs of contractions. These results support the concept of a local action of PGE2‐gel. the increment in B.S. was larger in subjects with very immature cervices (B.S. 2) than in those with moderately immature scores (B.S. 4). a second PGE2‐gel instillation did not increase the B.S. above the level achieved by the first application, indicating that pharmacological ripening of the cervix by a single dose of PGE2 results in an effect approaching maximum.The success rate was the same for oxytocin and PGE2‐gel treated women during the first 24 hours, when approximately 40% of the women had given birth. the oxytocin group remained at that level of success rate, whereas the PGE2‐gel‐oxytocin and PGE2‐gel × 2 series continued to improve their success rate up to 75%. An interesting finding in the study was that women given PGE2‐gel twice did not need intravenous oxytocin stimulation except in a few cases.
Effect Upon the Human Myometrium During Early Pregnancy of the Prostaglandin F2α and Its Analogue 15 (S)‐15‐Methyl‐Pgf2α
Authors: Rydnert Jan 
Published: December 2009

The hysterometric technique has been designed to measure the pharmacological effect of active agents upon the human uterine muscle. the physiological background is the fact that smooth muscle contracts under the influence of mechanical stimulation. by applying hysterometry, the effects on the human myometrium in vivo during early pregnancy of the naturally occurring prostaglandin F2α and its analogue 15(S)‐15‐methyl‐PGF2α have now been evaluated. According to the analysis of the contractile responses, the effects of the agents have been determined quantitatively.The drug effects have been characterized by changes in myometrial response between registrations under basic conditions and during the infusion of the active agent, respectively. It was found that when these drugs were given in the doses usually employed in clinical practice, the effect on contractility of the PGF2α compound was more pronounced than that of the analogue. However, when describing the results on a microgram basis, the 15‐methyl‐PGF2α was confirmed to be 10–20 times more potent than PGF2α.
Urinary incontinence and related urogenital symptoms in elderly women
Authors: Molander Ulla 
Published: December 2009

The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI), urinary tract infections (UTI) and related urogenital symptoms (UGS) in a representative sample of elderly women (Papers I & II), and to investigate factors (Papers II & III) influencing the prevalence of UI in these women. The effects of treatment with oral estriol and placebo on the vaginal bacterial flora, vaginal cytology and urogenital symptoms in elderly women suffering from the urogenital estrogen deficiency syndrome were compared (Paper IV). A health care programme, based on an algorithm model, for the investigation and treatment of elderly women suffering from UI and related UGS, was designed and applied to a large group of elderly women (Paper V).The prevalence of UI increased in a linear fashion from 12% in the 1940 birth cohort to 25% in the 1900 birth cohort (Papers I & II). There was similar increase in the prevalence of UTI from 14% in the 1920 birth cohort to 23% in the 1900 birth cohort. In contrast, the reported prevalence of UGS such as vaginal discomfort, discharge and pruritus did not increase with age. The prevalence of UI increased with increasing parity and after hysterectomy, but was unaffected by the duration of previous oral contraceptive usage. There was no evidence to suggest that the prevalence of UI increased at the time of the last menstrual period. Neurological illnesses were an uncommon cause of UI in women ≤ 75 years of age (Paper III).Oral estriol (3 mg/day for 4 weeks followed by 2 mg/day for a further 6 weeks) had a positive influence on vaginal pH, cytology and the vaginal bacteria flora, and on UGS in elderly women suffering from the urogenital estrogen deficiency syndrome (Paper IV). Using objective techniques of evaluation (Paper V) it was possible to demonstrate successful treatment of elderly women with urge and mixed incontinence using a simple health care programme. There was however no evidence of improvement in women suffering from stress incontinence when using the same treatment regime. Women with all types of incontinence, treated according to this algorith model, displayed an improvement in vaginal pH, vaginal cytology and the vaginal bacterial flora.
Screw loosening six weeks after triple pelvic osteotomy
Authors: Daems R. , Janssens L. A. A. , Beosier Y. M. 
Published: December 2009

SummaryA retrospective study of 62 dogs that underwent unilateral triple pelvic osteotomy with a Slocum triple pelvic osteotomy plate and Synthes 3.5 mm cortical screws. We compared the probability of screw loosening after six weeks in dogs in which pre-tapped screws were used (30 dogs), with dogs in which self-tapping screws were used (32 dogs). Screw loosening was significantly less prevalent with self-tapping screws than pre-tapped screws.
Correction of a severe torsional malunion of the metacarpus in a calf by transverse osteotomy, transfixation pinning and casting
Authors: Mulon P-Y. 
Published: December 2009

SummaryA four-month-old Holstein heifer was presented for evaluation of an angular limb deviation. Upon initial presentation, the heifer was not clinically lame. An external rotation of 90° of the fetlock was observed in the left forelimb. Radiographs identified a healing closed spiral fracture of the third and fourth metacarpal bones, with a 90° external torsion. A mid-metacarpal bone transverse osteotomy was performed after insertion of transcortical pins in the distal and proximal part of the third and fourth metacarpal bones and in the distal radius. The reduction was performed in order to align both fetlock and carpal joints and a fiberglass cast was applied to complete the external fixation. A satisfactory outcome was associated with the treatment.
Septic polyarthritis caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in a dog
Authors: Seelig U. , Klopfleisch R. , Weingart C. , Walther B. , Luebke-Becker A. , Brunnberg L. 
Published: December 2009

SummaryA 14-month-old, male German Shepherd dog was admitted with a six-week history of lameness and swelling of the right hindlimb. Clinical examination revealed polyarthritis, fever, petechiae and ecchymoses of the abdominal skin and prepuce. The haematology and blood chemistry were indicative of sepsis. Mediolateral radiographic views of both of the stifle joints revealed signs of bilateral articular capsule swelling. The radiographical, bacteriological and necropsy findings confirmed a diagnosis of septic polyarthritis due to infection with Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae.
Katalytische enantioselektive Olefinmetathese in der Naturstoffsynthese: chirale Metallkomplexe für hohe Enantioselektivitäten und vieles mehr
Authors: Hoveyda Amir H. , Malcolmson Steven J. , Meek Simon J. , Zhugralin Adil R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractChirale Olefinmetathesekatalysatoren bieten einen Weg für die hoch effiziente Synthese enantiomerenangereicherter Moleküle. Synthesen unter Beteiligung derartiger Komplexe können deutlich kürzer und praktischer sein als entsprechende Umsetzungen von enantiomerenreinen Substraten in Gegenwart von achiralen Molybdänalkylidenen oder Rutheniumcarbenen. Damit geht die Forschung auf dem Gebiet der chiralen Katalysatoren über die Entwicklung chiraler Varianten achiraler Verbindungen hinaus, denn ein chiraler Olefinmetathesekatalysator kann nicht nur Zugang zu Produkten hoher Enantiomerenreinheit bieten, sondern darüber hinaus auch Syntheseeffizienzen, Produktselektivitäten und/oder E/Z‐Stereoselektivitäten bieten, die mit den achiralen Varianten nicht erreichbar sind. Dieses positive Attribut chiraler Katalysatoren (ob nun in racemischer oder enantiomerenangereichter Form eingesetzt) sollte allgemeingültig sein, d. h. auf andere Formen der chemischen Umwandlung übertragen werden können.
A facile route to ruthenium–carbene complexes and their application in furfural hydrogenation
Authors: Strassberger Zea , Mooijman Maurice , Ruijter Eelco , Alberts Albert H. , de Graaff Corien , Orru Romano V. A. , Rothenberg Gadi 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA number of new N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands were synthesized via a multicomponent reaction, wherein an aldehyde or ketone, a primary amine and an α‐acidic isocyanide were reacted, giving the corresponding 2H‐2‐imidazolines. These were easily alkylated with an alkyl halide at position N‐3, yielding the final NHC precursors, that were then complexed with Ru in situ. The resulting complexes are shown to be active and selective catalysts for the transfer hydrogenation of furfural to furfurol, using isopropanol as the hydrogen source. Importantly, the carbene ligand remains coordinated to the ruthenium center throughout the reaction. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bringing Up Baby: Developmental Simulation of the Adult Cranial Morphology of Rungwecebus Kipunji
Authors: Singleton Michelle , Mcnulty Kieran P. , Frost Stephen R. , Soderberg John , Guthrie Emily H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractRungwecebus kipunji is a recently discovered, critically endangered primate endemic to southern Tanzania. Although phenetically similar to mangabeys, molecular analyses suggest it is more closely related to Papio or possibly descended from an ancient population of baboon‐mangabey hybrids. At present, only a single kipunji specimen, an M1‐stage juvenile male, is available for study; thus, the cranial morphology of the adult kipunji is unknown. In this study, we used developmental simulation to estimate the adult kipunji's 3D cranial morphology. We examined variation in cercopithecine developmental vectors, applied selected vectors to the juvenile cranium, and compared the resulting simulated adults to actual adult male papionins. Differences between papionin developmental vectors were small and statistically insignificant. This uniformity suggests conservation of an ancestral papionin developmental program. Simulated kipunji adults were likewise extremely similar. As a group, the simulated adults were morphometrically distinct from other papionins, corroborating the kipunji's generic status. Simulated adults were phenetically most similar to Lophocebus aterrimus but were distinguished from all adult papionins by the same unique traits that characterize the kipunji juvenile: a tall neurocranium, broad face, short nasal bones, concave anteorbital profile, and dorsally rotated palate. This concordance between juvenile and estimated‐adult morphologies confirms that papionin cranial shape is largely established before M1 eruption. The estimated kipunji adult's neurocranium strongly resembles that of Papio, providing the first cranial evidence supporting their phylogenetic relationship. If the kipunji does indeed have a hybrid origin, then its phenetic affinity to L. aterrimus favors Lophocebus as the proto‐kipunji's paternal lineage. Anat Rec, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The evolution of skeletal muscle performance: gene duplication and divergence of human sarcomeric α‐actinins
Authors: Lek Monkol , Quinlan Kate G. R. , North Kathryn N. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn humans, there are two skeletal muscle α‐actinins, encoded by ACTN2 and ACTN3, and the ACTN3 genotype is associated with human athletic performance. Remarkably, approximately 1 billion people worldwide are deficient in α‐actinin‐3 due to the common ACTN3 R577X polymorphism. The α‐actinins are an ancient family of actin‐binding proteins with structural, signalling and metabolic functions. The skeletal muscle α‐actinins diverged ∼250–300 million years ago, and ACTN3 has since developed restricted expression in fast muscle fibres. Despite ACTN2 and ACTN3 retaining considerable sequence similarity, it is likely that following duplication there was a divergence in function explaining why α‐actinin‐2 cannot completely compensate for the absence of α‐actinin‐3. This paper focuses on the role of skeletal muscle α‐actinins, and how possible changes in functions between these duplicates fit in the context of gene duplication paradigms.
On the Electronic Structure of NiII Complexes That Feature Chelating Bisguanidine Ligands
Authors: Roquette Pascal , Maronna Astrid , Peters Anastasia , Kaifer Elisabeth , Himmel Hans‐Jörg , Hauf Christoph , Herz Verena , Scheidt Ernst‐Wilhelm , Scherer Wolfgang 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn this work we report on the syntheses and properties of several new Ni complexes featuring the chelating bisguanidines bis(tetramethylguanidino)benzene (btmgb), bis(tetramethylguanidino)naphthalene (btmgn), and bis(tetramethylguanidino)biphenyl (btmgbp) as ligands. All complexes were structurally characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and quantum chemical calculations. A detailed inspection of the magnetic susceptibility of [(btmgb)NiX2] and [(btmgbp)NiX2] (X=Cl, Br) revealed a linear temperature dependence of χ−1(T) above 50 K, which was in agreement with a Curie–Weiss‐type behavior and a triplet ground state. Below approximately 25 K, however, magnetic susceptibility studies of the paramagnetic d8 Ni complexes revealed the presence of a significant zero‐field splitting (ZFS) that results from spin–orbit mixing of excited states into the triplet ground state. The electronic consequences that might arise from the mixing of states as well as from a possible non‐innocent behavior of the ligand have been explored by an experimental charge density study of [(btmgb)NiCl2] at low temperatures (7 K). Here, the presence of ZFS was identified as one potential reason for the flat ∢Cl‐Ni‐Cl deformation potential and the distinct differences between the ∢X‐Ni‐X valence angles observed by experiment and predicted by DFT. An analysis of the topology of the experimentally and theoretically derived electron‐density distributions of [(btmgb)NiCl2] confirmed the strong donor character of the bisguanidine ligand but clearly ruled out any significant non‐innocent ligand (NIL) behavior. Hence, [(btmgb)NiCl2] provides an experimental reference system to study the mixing of certain excited states into the ground state unbiased from any competing NIL behavior.
Cobalt(II) Complexes of Nitrile‐Functionalized Ionic Liquids
Authors: Nockemann Peter , Pellens Michael , Van Hecke Kristof , Van Meervelt Luc , Wouters Johan , Thijs Ben , Vanecht Evert , Parac‐Vogt Tatjana N. , Mehdi Hasan , Schaltin Stijn , Fransaer Jan , Zahn Stefan , Kirchner Barbara , Binnemans Koen 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA series of nitrile‐functionalized ionic liquids were found to exhibit temperature‐dependent miscibility (thermomorphism) with the lower alcohols. Their coordinating abilities toward cobalt(II) ions were investigated through the dissolution process of cobalt(II) bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and were found to depend on the donor abilities of the nitrile group. The crystal structures of the cobalt(II) solvates [Co(C1C1CNPyr)2(Tf2N)4] and [Co(C1C2CNPyr)6][Tf2N]8, which were isolated from ionic‐liquid solutions, gave an insight into the coordination chemistry of functionalized ionic liquids. Smooth layers of cobalt metal could be obtained by electrodeposition of the cobalt‐containing ionic liquids.
How to perform accurate and reliable measurements of longitudinal and transverse relaxation times of MRI contrast media in aqueous solutions
Authors: Henoumont C. , Laurent S. , Vander Elst L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractKnowledge of the longitudinal and transverse relaxation times (T1 and T2) of water protons in an aqueous solution of an MRI contrast agent is essential for its characterization. These parameters can be measured at low field on low resolution spectrometers or at high field on high resolution spectrometers. The reliability and the accuracy of T1 and T2 measurements rely on several experimental settings and on the equation used to fit the data. Examples of the importance of careful adjustment of the most important parameters are illustrated through several measurements performed on a low‐resolution, low‐magnetic field instrument. In addition, some specificities of T1 and T2 measurements on high‐resolution, high‐magnetic field spectrometers are pointed out. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bilateral whisker trimming during early postnatal life impairs dendritic spine development in the mouse somatosensory barrel cortex
Authors: Briner Adrian , De Roo Mathias , Dayer Alexandre , Muller Dominique , Kiss Jozsef Z. , Vutskits Laszlo 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe rodent somatosensory barrel cortex is an ideal model for studying the impact of sensory experience on developing brain circuitry. To examine whether and how interference with sensory perception in the early postnatal period can affect the development of synaptic networks in this system, we took advantage of a transgenic mouse strain expressing the yellow fluorescent protein in layer 5B pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory cortex. By using ex vivo confocal imaging, we first demonstrate a cortical‐layer‐specific increase in the number of dendritic spines during postnatal development on apical dendritic shafts of these cells extending up to cortical layer 1. Next, by performing bilateral whisker trimming at distinct developmental stages, we show that disruption of sensory perception before postnatal day 20 impairs dendritic spine development in apical dendritic segments within layers 1 and 2/3 but not in layer 4. The whisker trimming‐induced decrease in dendritic spine density during this period is accompanied by a highly significant decrease in dendritic spine head diameter. Finally, we also show that these whisker trimming‐induced morphological alterations of dendritic spines during the early postnatal period are no longer detectable in adult animals. Altogether, these findings further emphasize the important role of sensory activity in synaptic network assembly in the developing barrel cortex. They also support an as yet unidentified structural mechanism that might contribute to the layer‐ and cell‐type‐specific physiological effects of whisker trimming during the early postnatal period. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:1711–1723, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.