bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Flow-Dependent Horizontal Diffusion on Resolved Convection in AROME
Authors: Bengtsson Lisa , Tijm Sander , Váňa Filip , Svensson Gunilla 
Published: October 2011

AbstractHorizontal diffusion in numerical weather prediction models is, in general, applied to reduce numerical noise at the smallest atmospheric scales. In convection-permitting models, with horizontal grid spacing on the order of 1–3 km, horizontal diffusion can improve the model skill of physical parameters such as convective precipitation. For instance, studies using the convection-permitting Applications of Research to Operations at Mesoscale model (AROME) have shown an improvement in forecasts of large precipitation amounts when horizontal diffusion is applied to falling hydrometeors. The nonphysical nature of such a procedure is undesirable, however. Within the current AROME, horizontal diffusion is imposed using linear spectral horizontal diffusion on dynamical model fields. This spectral diffusion is complemented by nonlinear, flow-dependent, horizontal diffusion applied on turbulent kinetic energy, cloud water, cloud ice, rain, snow, and graupel. In this study, nonlinear flow-dependent diffusion is applied to the dynamical model fields rather than diffusing the already predicted falling hydrometeors. In particular, the characteristics of deep convection are investigated. Results indicate that, for the same amount of diffusive damping, the maximum convective updrafts remain strong for both the current and proposed methods of horizontal diffusion. Diffusing the falling hydrometeors is necessary to see a reduction in rain intensity, but a more physically justified solution can be obtained by increasing the amount of damping on the smallest atmospheric scales using the nonlinear, flow-dependent, diffusion scheme. In doing so, a reduction in vertical velocity was found, resulting in a reduction in maximum rain intensity.
Measuring the Impact of Observations on the Predictability of the Kuroshio Extension in a Shallow-Water Model
Authors: Kramer Werner , Dijkstra Henk A. , Pierini Stefano , van Leeuwen Peter Jan 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
In this paper, sequential importance sampling is used to assess the impact of observations on an ensemble prediction for the decadal path transitions of the Kuroshio Extension. This particle-filtering approach gives access to the probability density of the state vector, which allows the predictive power—an entropy-based measure—of the ensemble prediction to be determined. The proposed setup makes use of an ensemble that, at each time, samples the climatological probability distribution. Then, in a postprocessing step, the impact of different sets of observations is measured by the increase in predictive power of the ensemble over the climatological signal during one year. The method is applied in an identical-twin experiment for the Kuroshio Extension using a reduced-gravity shallow-water model. This study investigates the impact of assimilating velocity observations from different locations during the elongated and the contracted meandering states of the Kuroshio Extension. Optimal observation locations correspond to regions with strong potential vorticity gradients. For the elongated state the optimal location is in the first meander of the Kuroshio Extension. During the contracted state it is located south of Japan, where the Kuroshio separates from the coast.
On nonlinear stability in various random normed spaces
Authors: Rassias John Michael , Saadati Reza , Sadeghi Ghadir , Vahidi J 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
In this article, we prove the nonlinear stability of the quartic functional equation

1
6
f

(

x
+
4
y

)

+
f

(

4
x
-
y

)

=

3
0
6

9
f

x
+

y

3

+
f

(

x
+
2
y

)

(1)

+
1
3
6
f

(

x
-
y

)

-
1
3
9
4
f

(

x
+
y

)

+
4
2
5
f

(

y

)

-
1
5
3
0
f

(

x

)

(2)

(3)

in the setting of random normed spaces Furthermore, the interdisciplinary relation among the theory of random spaces, the theory of non-Archimedean space, the theory of fixed point theory, the theory of intuitionistic spaces and the theory of functional equations are also presented in the article.
The rgg
0182
gene encodes a transcriptional regulator required for the full Streptococcus thermophilusLMG18311 thermal adaptation
Authors: Henry Romain , Bruneau Emmanuelle , Gardan Rozenn , Bertin Stéphane , Fleuchot Betty , Decaris Bernard , Leblond-Bourget Nathalie 
Published: October 2011

Abstract

Background

Streptococcus thermophilus is an important starter strain for the production of yogurt and cheeses. The analysis of sequenced genomes of four strains of S. thermophilus indicates that they contain several genes of the rgg familly potentially encoding transcriptional regulators. Some of the Rgg proteins are known to be involved in bacterial stress adaptation.

Results
In this study, we demonstrated that Streptococcus thermophilus thermal stress adaptation required the rgg

0182
gene which transcription depends on the culture medium and the growth temperature. This gene encoded a protein showing similarity with members of the Rgg family transcriptional regulator. Our data confirmed that Rgg0182 is a transcriptional regulator controlling the expression of its neighboring genes as well as chaperones and proteases encoding genes. Therefore, analysis of a Δrgg

0182
mutant revealed that this protein played a role in the heat shock adaptation of Streptococcus thermophilus LMG18311.

Conclusions
These data showed the importance of the Rgg0182 transcriptional regulator on the survival of S. thermophilus during dairy processes and more specifically during changes in temperature.
Analysis of changes in the association of income and the utilization of curative health services in Mexico between 2000 and 2006
Authors: Danese-dlSantos Laura G , Sosa-Rubí Sandra G , Valencia-Mendoza Atanacio 
Published: October 2011

Abstract

Background
A common characteristic of health systems in most developing countries is unequal access to health services. As a result, members of the poorest population groups often do not receive formal attention for health services, because they cannot afford it. In 2001 in Mexico, to address income-related differences in the use of health services, the government launched a major healthcare reform, which includes a health insurance program called Seguro Popular, aimed at improving healthcare access among poor, uninsured residents. This paper analyzes the before and after changes in the demand for curative ambulatory health services focusing on the association of income-related characteristics and the utilization of formal healthcare providers vs. no healthcare service utilization.

Methods
By using two nationally representative health surveys (ENSA-2000 and ENSANUT-2006), we modeled an individual's decision when experiencing an illness to use services provided by the (1) Ministry of Health (MoH), (2) social security, (3) private entities, or (4) to not use formal services (no healthcare service utilization).

Results
Poorer individuals were more likely in 2006 than in 2000 to respond to an illness by using formal healthcare providers. Trends in provider selection differed, however. The probability of using public services from the MoH increased among the poorest population, while the findings indicated an increase in utilization of private health services among members of low- and middle-income groups. No significant change was seen among formal workers -covered by social security services-, regardless of socioeconomic status.

Conclusions
Overall, for 2006 the Mexican population appears less differentiated in using healthcare across economic groups than in 2000. This may be related, in part, to the implementation of Seguro Popular, which seems to be stimulating healthcare demand among the poorest and previously uninsured segment of the population. Still, public health authorities need to address the remaining income-related healthcare utilization differences, the differences in quality between public and private health services, and the general perception that MoH facilities offer inferior services.
Tannin extracts from immature fruits of Terminalia chebula Fructus Retz. promote cutaneous wound healing in rats
Authors: Li Kun , Diao Yunpeng , Zhang Houli , Wang Shouyu , Zhang Zhen , Yu Bo , Huang Shanshan , Yang Hong 
Published: October 2011

Abstract

Background
Tannins extracted from immature fruits of Terminalia chebula Fructus Retz. are considered as effective components promoting the process of wound healing. The objective of this study is to explore the optimal extraction and purification technology (OEPT) of tannins, while studying the use of this drug in the treatment of a cutaneous wound of rat as well as its antibacterial effects.

Methods
The content of tannin extracts was measured by the casein method, and antibacterial ability was studied by the micro-dilution method in vitro. In wound healing experiment, animals in group I, II and II were treated with vaseline ointment, tannin extracts (tannin content: 81%) and erythromycin ointment, respectively (5 mg of ointment were applied on each wound). To evaluate the process of wound healing, selected pharmacological and biochemical parameters were applied.

Results
After optimal extraction and purification, content of tannin extracts was increased to 81%. Tannin extracts showed the inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella Pneumonia in vitro. After excision of wounds, on days 7 and 10, the percent of wound contraction of group was higher than that of group . After being hurt with wounds, on days 3, 7, and 10, the wound healing quality of group was found to be better than that of group in terms of granulation formation and collagen organization. After wound creation, on day 3, the vascular endothelial growth factor expression of group was higher than that of group .

Conclusion
The results suggest that tannin extracts from dried immature fruits of Terminalia chebula Fructus Retz. can promote cutaneous wound healing in rats, probably resulting from a powerful anti-bacterial and angiogenic activity of the extracts.
Impact of caloric and dietary restriction regimens on markers of health and longevity in humans and animals: a summary of available findings
Authors: Trepanowski John F , Canale Robert E , Marshall Kate E , Kabir Mohammad M , Bloomer Richard J 
Published: October 2011

AbstractConsiderable interest has been shown in the ability of caloric restriction (CR) to improve multiple parameters of health and to extend lifespan. CR is the reduction of caloric intake - typically by 20 - 40% ofad libitumconsumption - while maintaining adequate nutrient intake. Several alternatives to CR exist. CR combined with exercise (CE) consists of both decreased caloric intake and increased caloric expenditure. Alternate-day fasting (ADF) consists of two interchanging days; one day, subjects may consume foodad libitum(sometimes equaling twice the normal intake); on the other day, food is reduced or withheld altogether. Dietary restriction (DR) - restriction of one or more components of intake (typically macronutrients) with minimal to no reduction in total caloric intake - is another alternative to CR. Many religions incorporate one or more forms of food restriction. The following religious fasting periods are featured in this review: 1) Islamic Ramadan; 2) the three principal fasting periods of Greek Orthodox Christianity (Nativity, Lent, and the Assumption); and 3) the Biblical-based Daniel Fast. This review provides a summary of the current state of knowledge related to CR and DR. A specific section is provided that illustrates related work pertaining to religious forms of food restriction. Where available, studies involving both humans and animals are presented. The review includes suggestions for future research pertaining to the topics of discussion.
Rapid generation of long tandem DNA repeat arrays by homologous recombination in yeast to study their function in mammalian genomes
Authors: Noskov Vladimir N , Lee Nicholas CO , Larionov Vladimir , Kouprina Natalay 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe describe here a method to rapidly convert any desirable DNA fragment, as small as 100 bp, into long tandem DNA arrays up to 140 kb in size that are inserted into a microbe vector. This method includesrolling-circle phi29amplification (RCA) of the sequencein vitroand assembly of the RCA productsin vivoby homologous recombination in the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae. The method was successfully used for a functional analysis of centromeric and pericentromeric repeats and construction of new vehicles for gene delivery to mammalian cells. The method may have general application in elucidating the role of tandem repeats in chromosome organization and dynamics. Each cycle of the protocol takes ~ two weeks to complete.
An analytical model for the intercell interference power in the downlink of wireless cellular networks
Authors: Pijcke Benoit , Zwingelstein-Colin Marie , Gazalet Marc , Gharbi Mohamed , Corlay Patrick 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a methodology for estimating the statistics of the intercell interference power in the downlink of a multicellular network. We first establish an analytical expression for the probability law of the interference power when only Rayleigh multipath fading is considered. Next, focusing on a propagation environment where small-scale Rayleigh fading as well as large-scale effects, including attenuation with distance and lognormal shadowing, are taken into consideration, we elaborate a semi-analytical method to build up the histogram of the interference power distribution. From the results obtained for this combined small- and large-scale fading context, we then develop a statistical model for the interference power distribution. The interest of this model lies in the fact that it can be applied to a large range of values of the shadowing parameter. The proposed methods can also be easily extended to other types of networks.
Well-posedness for parametric strong vector quasi-equilibrium problems with applications
Authors: Li Qiu-ying , Wang San-hua 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn this article, we generalize the concept of well-posedness to the parametric strong vector quasi-equilibrium problem. Under some suitable conditions, we establish some characterizations of well-posedness for parametric strong vector quasi-equilibrium problems. The corresponding concept of well-posedness in the generalized sense is also investigated for the parametric strong vector quasi-equilibrium problem. As applications, we investigate the well-posedness for strong vector quasi-variational inequality problems and strong vector quasi-optimization problems.2000 Mathematics subject classification: 49K40; 90C31.
Elevated Krüppel-like factor 4 transcription factor in canine mammary carcinoma
Authors: Chu Pei-Yi , Hsu Nicholas Chung-Heng , Liao Albert Taiching , Yeh Kun-Tu , Hou Ming-Feng , Liu Chen-Hsuan 
Published: October 2011

Abstract

Background
Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) are critical regulators of biological and physiological systems and have been extensively studied for their roles in cell proliferation, differentiation and survival in the context of cancer. Among the KLFs, KLF4 is highly expressed in human breast cancers and plays an oncogenic role. The present study examined the expression of KLF4 and assessed its significance in canine mammary carcinoma.

Results
Immunohistochemistry was employed to investigate the expression of KLF4 in 142 cases of canine mammary tumor. 75 of the 142 (52.8%) cases were histologically confirmed as mammary carcinoma. Quantification of immunohistochemistry was carried out using Quick score which multiply the staining intensity by the percentage of positive cells. High KLF4 expression was identified in 44 of the 75 (59%) dogs with mammary carcinoma and none in the benign cases. High KLF4 expression occurred only in the tumor cells and not the adjacent normal cells in mammary carcinoma (P < 0.001). Moreover, the high expression level of KLF4 expression was statistically associated with poor grade, late stage, histological subtypes of simple and complex carcinoma, and shorter 24-month survival. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis also indicated that dogs with high nuclear KLF4 expression had a significantly shorter survival than those with low/moderate KLF4 expression (P = 0.011).

Conclusions
KLF4 is highly and frequently expressed in canine mammary carcinoma and correlates with a more aggressive phenotype.
Searching for New Biomarkers of Renal Diseases through Proteomics
Authors: Konvalinka Ana , Scholey James W , Diamandis Eleftherios P 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBACKGROUNDTechnological advances have resulted in a renaissance of proteomic studies directed at finding markers of disease progression, diagnosis, or responsiveness to therapy. Renal diseases are ideally suited for such research, given that urine is an easily accessible biofluid and its protein content is derived mainly from the kidney. Current renal prognostic markers have limited value, and renal biopsy remains the sole method for establishing a diagnosis. Mass spectrometry instruments, which can detect thousands of proteins at nanomolar (or even femtomolar) concentrations, may be expected to allow the discovery of improved markers of progression, diagnosis, or treatment responsiveness.CONTENTIn this review we describe the strengths and limitations of proteomic methods and the drawbacks of existing biomarkers, and provide an overview of opportunities in the field. We also highlight several proteomic studies of biomarkers of renal diseases selected from the plethora of studies performed.SUMMARYIt is clear that the field of proteomics has not yet fulfilled its promise. However, ongoing efforts to standardize sample collection and preparation, improve study designs, perform multicenter validations, and create joint industry–regulatory bodies offer promise for the recognition of novel molecules that could change clinical nephrology forever.
Diabetes Antibody Standardization Program: First Proficiency Evaluation of Assays for Autoantibodies to Zinc Transporter 8
Authors: Lampasona Vito , Schlosser Michael , Mueller Patricia W , Williams Alistair JK , Wenzlau Janet M , Hutton John C , Achenbach Peter ,   Participating Laboratories
Published: October 2011

BACKGROUND
Zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8) is a recently identified major autoantigen in type 1 diabetes, and autoantibodies to ZnT8 (ZnT8A) are new markers for disease prediction and diagnosis. Here we report the results of the first international proficiency evaluation of ZnT8A assays by the Diabetes Antibody Standardization Program (DASP).

METHODS
After a pilot workshop in 2007, an expanded ZnT8A workshop was held in 2009, with 26 participating laboratories from 13 countries submitting results of 63 different assays. ZnT8A levels were measured in coded sera from 50 patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes and 100 blood donor controls. Results were analyzed comparing area under the ROC curve (ROC-AUC), sensitivity adjusted to 95% specificity (AS95), concordance of sample ZnT8A positive or negative designation, and autoantibody levels.

RESULTS
ZnT8A radio binding assays (RBAs) based on combined immunoprecipitation of the 2 most frequent ZnT8 COOH-terminal domain polymorphic variants showed a median ROC-AUC of 0.848 [interquartile range (IQR) 0.796–0.878] and a median AS95 of 70% (IQR 60%–72%). These RBAs were more sensitive than assays using as antigen either 1 ZnT8 variant only or chimeric constructs joining NH2- and COOH-terminal domains, assays based on immunoprecipitation and bioluminescent detection, or assays based on immunofluorescent staining of cells transfected with full-length antigen.

CONCLUSIONS
The DASP workshop identified immunoprecipitation-based ZnT8A assays and antigen constructs that achieved both a high degree of sensitivity and specificity and were suitable for more widespread clinical application.
Urinary Excretion Kinetics of 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy) and Its Phase I and Phase II Metabolites in Humans following Controlled MDMA Administration
Authors: Schwaninger Andrea E , Meyer Markus R , Barnes Allan J , Kolbrich-Spargo Erin A , Gorelick David A , Goodwin Robert S , Huestis Marilyn A , Maurer Hans H 
Published: October 2011

BACKGROUND
3,4-Methylendioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is excreted in human urine as unchanged drug and phase I and II metabolites. Previous urinary excretion studies after controlled oral MDMA administration have been performed only after conjugate cleavage. Therefore, we investigated intact MDMA glucuronide and sulfate metabolite excretion.

METHODS
We used LC–high-resolution MS and GC-MS to reanalyze blind urine samples from 10 participants receiving 1.0 or 1.6 mg/kg MDMA orally. We determined median Cmax, tmax, first and last detection times, and total urinary recovery; calculated ratios of sulfates and glucuronides; and performed in vitro–in vivo correlations.

RESULTS
Phase II metabolites of 3,4-dihydroxymethamphetamine (DHMA), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymethamphetamine (HMMA), 3,4-dihydroxyamphetamine (DHA), and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyamphetamine were identified, although only DHMA sulfates, HMMA sulfate, and HMMA glucuronide had substantial abundance. Good correlation was observed for HMMA measured after acid hydrolysis and the sum of unconjugated HMMA, HMMA glucuronide, and HMMA sulfate (R2 = 0.87). More than 90% of total DHMA and HMMA were excreted as conjugates. The analyte with the longest detection time was HMMA sulfate. Median HMMA sulfate/glucuronide and DHMA 3-sulfate/4-sulfate ratios for the first 24 h were 2.0 and 5.3, respectively, in accordance with previous in vitro calculations from human liver microsomes and cytosol experiments.

CONCLUSIONS
Human MDMA urinary metabolites are primarily sulfates and glucuronides, with sulfates present in higher concentrations than glucuronides. This new knowledge may lead to improvements in urine MDMA and metabolite analysis in clinical and forensic toxicology, particularly for the performance of direct urine analysis.
The Metre in the poems of Christopher Mitylenaios
Authors: De Groote Marc 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The poetical corpus of 11th-c. Christopher Mitylenaios, such as it is found in manuscript No. Z α XXIX (13th c.) of the Biblioteca della Badia Greca in Grottaferrata, consists of 145 poems and 2856 verses. Of these carmina 123 are written in jambic trimeters, 18 in dactylic hexameters, three in elegiac distichs, and one in an Anacreontic metre. In the first part of the article outer metric is discussed; among other things one learns that the Anacreontic poem 75 forms metrically a case of its own as it consists of eight strophes of four verses each, whereby the even strophes are followed by two so-called koukoullia, that the dactylic hexameters use 28 out of 32 possible schemes, thus contrasting with the Callimachean and Nonnian types, and that in the dodecasyllables the so-called Binnenschluss after the 5th foot is overwhelmingly present while in no less than 16 hexameters the poet uses a caesura after the 3rd foot. In the second part (inner metric) the numerous transgressions of metrical laws are investigated, as well as verse end and accentuation, and prosody; this last item concerns long and short vowels, diphthongs and dichrona, correptio Attica and hiatus. The text ends with a twofold appendix about caesurae.