bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cryo-EM combined with image deconvolution to determine ZIF-8 crystal structure
Authors: Wu 吴 Kang 抗 , Yang 杨 Baisong 柏松 , Xue 薛 Wenhua 文华 , Sun 孙 Dapeng 大鹏 , Ge 葛 Binghui 炳辉 , Wang 王 Yumei 玉梅 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are crystalline porous materials with tunable properties, exhibiting great potential in gas adsorption, separation and catalysis.[1,2] It is challenging to visualize MOFs with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) due to their inherent instability under electron beam irradiation. Here, we employ cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to capture images of MOF ZIF-8, revealing inverted-space structural information at a resolution of up to about 1.7 Å and enhancing its critical electron dose to around 20 e
−/Å2. In addition, it is confirmed by electron-beam irradiation experiments that the high voltage could effectively mitigate the radiolysis, and the structure of ZIF-8 is more stable along the [100] direction under electron beam irradiation. Meanwhile, since the high-resolution electron microscope images are modulated by contrast transfer function (CTF) and it is difficult to determine the positions corresponding to the atomic columns directly from the images. We employ image deconvolution to eliminate the impact of CTF and obtain the structural images of ZIF-8. As a result, the heavy atom Zn and the organic imidazole ring within the organic framework can be distinguished from structural images.
Effect of the mixing of s-wave and chiral p-wave pairings on electrical shot noise properties of normal metal/superconductor tunnel junctions
Authors: Hu 胡 Yu-Chen 雨辰 , Hu 胡 Liang-Bin 梁宾 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We study theoretically the electrical shot noise properties of tunnel junctions between a normal metal and a superconductor with the mixture of singlet s-wave and chiral triplet p-wave pairing due to broken inversion symmetry. We investigate how the shot noise properties vary as the relative amplitude between the two parity components in the pairing potential is changed. It is demonstrated that some characteristics of the electrical shot noise properties of such tunnel junctions may depend sensitively on the relative amplitude between the two parity components in the pairing potential, and some significant changes may occur in the electrical shot noise properties when the relative amplitude between the two parity components is varied from the singlet s-wave pairing dominated regime to the chiral triplet p-wave pairing dominated regime. In the chiral triplet p-wave pairing dominated regime, the ratio of noise power to electric current is close to 2e both in the in-gap and in the out-gap region. In the singlet s-wave pairing dominated regime, the value of this ratio is close to 4e in the inner gap region but may reduce to about 2e in the outer gap region as the relative amplitude of the chiral triplet pairing component is increased. The variations of the differential shot noise with the bias voltage also exhibit some significantly different features in different regimes. Such different features can serve as useful diagnostic tools for the determination of the relative magnitude of the two parity components in the pairing potential.
Optimal parameter space for stabilizing the ferroelectric phase of Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 thin films under strain and electric fields
Authors: Wang 王 Lvjin 侣锦 , Wang 王 Cong 聪 , Zhou 周 Linwei 霖蔚 , Zhou 周 Xieyu 谐宇 , Pan 潘 Yuhao 宇浩 , Wu 吴 Xing 幸 , Ji 季 Wei 威 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Hafnia-based ferroelectric materials, like Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO), have received tremendous attention owing to their potentials for building ultra-thin ferroelectric devices. The orthorhombic(O)-phase of HZO is ferroelectric but metastable in its bulk form under ambient conditions, which poses a considerable challenge to maintaining the operation performance of HZO-based ferroelectric devices. Here, we theoretically addressed this issue that provides parameter spaces for stabilizing the O-phase of HZO thin-films under various conditions. Three mechanisms were found to be capable of lowering the relative energy of the O-phase, namely, more significant surface-bulk portion of (111) surfaces, compressive c-axis strain, and positive electric fields. Considering these mechanisms, we plotted two ternary phase diagrams for HZO thin-films where the strain was applied along the in-plane uniaxial and biaxial, respectively. These diagrams indicate the O-phase could be stabilized by solely shrinking the film-thickness below 12.26 nm, ascribed to its lower surface energies. All these results shed considerable light on designing more robust and higher-performance ferroelectric devices.
Research on finite element model of rotor aerodynamicnoise in hovering state
Authors: Huang Surui , Yang Kai , Sun Chengyuan , Shi Leilei 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The helicopter has been widely used in many fields, and the rotor aerodynamic noise has gradually attracted attention. The non-homogeneous wave equation, Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings equation (FW-H equation) derived from hydrodynamic N-S equation, combined with RANS turbulence simulation, was used to simulate the sound field of NACA0012 airfoil-shape model in hovering state. On this basis, by changing the thickness and camber of the blade, the aerodynamic noise of the rotor under different airfoil profile thickness and camber is calculated. The results show that the change of airfoil thickness and camber will affect the aerodynamic noise of the rotor in hovering state.
Numerical investigation on the characteristics of underbody aerodynamic noise sources in electric vehicles
Authors: Yang Meng , Sun Zuokui , Hu Songyuan , Zhang Yongren 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
As the wind noise caused by the upper body is gradually controlled, the influence of high-speed underbody airflow on the interior noise of electric vehicles becomes increasingly prominent. The method involves the combined application of the Finite Volume Method (FVM) and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) to compute the aerodynamic noise inside a real vehicle model induced by high-speed airflow. A numerical simulation of the underbody wind noise in electric vehicles has been conducted to reveal the noise sources at the bottom of electric vehicles and cabin noise. Finally, the impact of side skirts and wind deflectors on chassis wind noise was evaluated.
Kalman filtering used for passive synthetic aperture
Authors: Liu Shijing , Gong Fusheng , Li Yuebo , Sun Xiangbo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In practice, beamforming-based bearing estimators typically fail to account for the impact of environmental factors on the estimating results, resulting in the so-called mismatch problem. To deal with this issue, this paper reconstructs the bearing estimation as a Kalman filter problem, which emphasizes the role of physical models in underwater acoustic signal processing. Since passive synthetic aperture (PSA) is a spatial process including the temporal evolution of a moving array, it fits a Kalman filtering structure. Kalman filter is applied directly to a lake-test dataset collected by an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) shell-mounted array, and the experimental findings demonstrate that the bearing estimation results’ variation is significantly decreased than the conventional beamforming (CBF).
Simulation of non-Newtonian fluid flow in a horizontal pipe
Authors: Bian Wenjing , Liu Dongren 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Microchannel reactors exhibit distinct gas-liquid two-phase flow behaviors compared to macro-scale channels, offering advantages like efficient heat and mass transfer, compact size, and low energy consumption. Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) emerges as a potent stabilizer, enhancing mixing, homogenization and pipeline transport. Its judicious application reduces equipment strain, amplifies homogenization efficiency and finds diverse utility in food processing and beyond. However, incorrect employment bears the risk of compromised outcomes, potentially leading to product wastage. Consequently, investigating N2-CMC solution flow in microchannels holds paramount significance for elevating efficacy, minimizing usage, refining product quality and bolstering yield. In this study, we simulated the N2-CMC solution flow dynamics within an interleaved T-shaped microchannel using FLUENT which is a numerical simulation software. The simulation delved into alterations in gas-liquid two-phase flow patterns and pressure drops. We examined the impacts of liquid concentration and gas-liquid flow rate ratio on flow patterns, pressure drops and bubble lengths. The simulation results exhibited congruence with experimental data. Notably, elevated liquid concentrations correlated with higher pressure drops and elongated bubble lengths. Conversely, augmenting the gas-liquid flow rate ratio led to diminished pressure drops while elongating bubble lengths. These findings furnish insights into flow patterns and pressure drop behaviors for gas-non-Newtonian fluids within microchannels, forming a pivotal reference for microfluidic system design.
Numerical simulation of the internal flow field for the new three-way changeover valve
Authors: Ren Xihang , Wu Shuai , Chen Dianjing 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This article uses numerical simulation methods to simulate the internal flow field of a new three-way changeover valve structure, and verifies the simulation results through flow experiments. The results show that the flow coefficients on the handwheel side and opposite side of the new changeover valve obtained by the simulation method are within 10% of the experimental results, indicating that the results obtained by the simulation method can better match the experimental results. In addition, the flow coefficients on the handwheel side and opposite side of the new three-way changeover valve have increased by 49.6% and 64.3% respectively compared to the existing structure, indicating better flow capacity.
Analysis of the impact of different branching angles on the coronary flow field based on fluid-structure interaction
Authors: Bai Libo , Han Qingsong , Wang Xu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The bifurcation angle of the coronary artery can have an impact on blood flow velocity, especially in the narrow region, where the flow velocity becomes more pronounced, leading to further deterioration of the stenosis in that area. In order to investigate the effect of bifurcation angle on the coronary blood flow field, four bifurcation angle models were established in Solidworks, and a bidirectional fluid-solid coupling method was used to numerically simulate the blood distribution. The changes in the blood flow field at different periods were analyzed. The results showed that the blood flow velocity distribution was similar in the same model at different periods, with high flow velocity mainly concentrated in the coronary artery trunk and smooth branching flow velocity. The flow velocity was different at various periods, resulting in a large difference in the WSS range, which was most obvious during the peak diastolic period. The bifurcation angle had the most significant effect on TAWSS, and as the bifurcation angle increased, the area of the high TAWSS region continued to expand. A small amount of vortex at the bifurcation ridge affected the shear stress direction, resulting in a high OSI (>0.3) region in that area. In conclusion, the bifurcation angle has a significant effect on TAWSS, with the most significant fluctuation in the 37.5° to 42.5° range, and there may be a critical angle causing the fluctuation in between.
Study on the distribution characteristics of TBL fluctuating pressure of a submerged conical-cylindrical structure
Authors: Wang Hongfu , Guo Hanhui , Luan Chen , Zhou Quan , Gao Cong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The fluctuating pressure within turbulent boundary layers (TBL) has garnered significant attention as a pivotal factor in generating hydrodynamic noise for underwater vehicles. This study employs numerical simulations to investigate the fluctuating pressure of a submerged conical-cylindrical structure, utilizing the Improved Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation (IDDES) method. This research delves into the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of wall fluctuating pressure across various Reynolds numbers. Notably, the power spectral density (PSD) curve of TBL fluctuating pressure exhibits relative stability at lower frequencies, whereas it undergoes a rapid decline in the high-frequency range, following an inverse proportional trend with the power-law exponent of frequency. Moreover, the dimensionless migration velocity in the parallel mid-body segment is consistent with the TBL over a flat plate, while it is slightly smaller in the outflow segment.
CFD for the optimization of spiral wound film assembly
Authors: Jin Wenchong , Qu Xingchuang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this paper, a conventional mesh shim for a spiral wound membrane assembly is structurally optimized by adding jet holes to achieve the jet function, and the effect of curvature on fluid flow is investigated. The three different gaskets are compared with each other and the performance of the optimized gaskets is investigated by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques and analyzed parametrically. This knowledge can be supplemented by the use of CFD techniques for spacers, whereby the geometry of the spacer can be optimized and the corresponding performance of the spiral wound film assembly can be improved.
Numerical simulation of freak wave generation and evolution process based on SPH method
Authors: Hu Xuan , Halik Azhar 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
With the occurrence of maritime accidents all over the world, the study of extreme waves has been promoted. These extreme waves are often called freak waves in the scientific community. At present, a variety of mechanisms are proposed to explain freak waves in the marine environment, such as directional focusing, dispersive focusing, and nonlinear modulation instability. At first, a hydrodynamic model is established based on the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method in the C# environment, and the regular wave generated by the piston wave generator is numerically simulated. Secondly, the simulation results were analyzed and visualized by using Paraview software, compared with physical experimental datas to verify the reliability of this model. Then, the generation and evolution of freak waves were numerically simulated through the movement of piston wave generators on both sides of a 2D numerical wave flume, and the influence of frequency and amplitude was analyzed by using directional focusing. The results show that if the frequency is smaller and the amplitude is larger, it is more likely to generate freak waves and wave-breaking phenomena. This study lays a foundation for the research of freak waves in the future.
Key technologies and applications of cloud-edge collaborative integrated low and medium voltage distributed photovoltaic coordination control
Authors: Wang Xingnian , Zhang Jinshuai , Shang Bowen , Zhou Ning , Xu Mingming , Wang Peng , Song HongYan , Zhang Quanzhong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The large-scale distributed photovoltaic access leads to overvoltage, equipment overload, and difficulty in on-site consumption, which causes power to be sent back to the high voltage level, posing hidden dangers to the safe operation of the distribution network. This article proposes optimizing the medium-voltage distribution network at the cloud side with the goal of maximum consumption and operating cost, forming a rolling strategy adjustment based on load forecasting within the day. At the edge side, the distributed photovoltaic control in the low-voltage distribution network within the jurisdiction is adjusted based on the daily adjustment strategy issued by the cloud side, completing the optimization and regulation of distributed photovoltaics on a distribution substation unit basis to achieve the control and integration of distributed power sources and consumption, coordination between operation and side, and coordinated control in the integrated medium and low-voltage zoning, achieving autonomous distribution substations and feeder lines. Field applications have proven that this solution solves problems such as line and transformer overload, and voltage quality caused by distributed photovoltaic power generation.
Planning and design of an architectural energy supply system based on photovoltaic-thermal technology
Authors: Li Wen , Bu Fanpeng , Shi Guohua , Yuan Bin , Zhao Yuetian 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
China’s building energy consumption is growing and the energy consumption of the whole process of buildings accounts for more than 46.5% of the country’s total energy consumption, of which the proportion of energy consumption used for heating, ventilation and air conditioning is as high as 50%. Solar energy has the greatest potential to achieve energy conservation in buildings. Buildings are the best carrier for solar energy utilization because of the advantages of local collection and local application. The combination of solar energy and buildings can meet a variety of energy and health needs in buildings, among which solar photovoltaic and CSP building integration technology is an important way to reduce building energy consumption and improve indoor air quality. This article presents a PV/T-based thermal storage wall system that efficiently utilizes solar energy. It outlines the PV/T technology’s fundamental principles and provides a detailed description of the system’s construction and operation, highlighting critical components like the solid thermal storage medium and heat transfer via a heat pump. The analysis indicates improved energy utilization and favorable economic feasibility. This technology offers a practical solution for the construction industry, promoting sustainable energy practices and environmental conservation.
Multiple heating loads participate in the system power regulation control strategy
Authors: Li Weng’en , Guo Duange , Cao Zimin , Shi Xingyu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
With the addition of a high proportion of new energy and power electronic equipment, the power system has shown characteristics such as low inertia and significant energy output fluctuation, which has brought great challenges to power/frequency regulation and control of the power system. Therefore, this article uses the inertia characteristics of heat energy on the load side and exerts reasonable start-stop control to play a positive and beneficial role in the power regulation of the power system. Firstly, the room temperature variation process was transformed into a lumped parameter equivalent model. A lumped parameter heat transfer model of a single typical load was built in Simulink, and its dynamic characteristics were analyzed by symbolic calculation. Based on this, a time-domain simulation was carried out to explore the influence of the law of system parameters and external input on the change of system state quantity. Based on time domain simulation, the behavior of the heating load is analyzed. Then, the effects of typical and multiple loads on system power regulation at different outdoor temperatures are studied. It is found that when the average outdoor temperature decreases, the sustainable time of system power upturn will increase, and the sustainable time of downturn will decrease. The power curve of multiple loads simultaneously is more stable, and the adjustment ability is stronger. The reasonable and flexible control method of load switch setting, namely the coherent characteristic load power regulation strategy, realizes the sustainable power optimization of the load to the system in the specified period.
Simulation of human risk scenarios for nuclear power plant operation based on finite state machine
Authors: Xue Jiaxin , Lu Yi , Xu Zhihui , Wu Guanyin , Yang Gaoguang , Fu Shan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This paper addresses risk scenarios caused by Human-Machine Interaction (HMI) during the Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) operation. A simulation method is proposed in this research based on a Finite State Machine (FSM) for analyzing human-related risk scenarios in NPP operations. The risk evolution mechanism between the physical system and operator is modeled by FSM to clarify how risk accumulation leads to accidents. It has the advantage of managing and simplifying the modeling process of complex relationships in NPP with the integration of human reliability analysis. The study focuses on the dynamic interaction between the physical system in the primary loop and the operators during the startup of NPP and evaluates human-related safety risk through simulation of the behavior of the operators handling the control rods. This research aims to present an FSM-based methodology for analyzing HMI-induced risks in NPP operations, which can be utilized to illustrate the risk evolution, especially human-related risk.
State inference for low-observable distribution system based on graph convolutional network
Authors: Xuan Yi , Sun Zhiqing , Li Qizhou , Liu Jian , Liang Yundan , Huang Jianping , Dai Tiechao , Liu Weihao , Huang Yi , Fan Libo , Liu Xingye , Zhang Jiansong , Chen Yifang , Jiang Jian 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Distribution network state inference refers to the process of calculating the state variables of each node by using measurement data and network models in the operation of the distribution system. However, the uneven measurement layout and insufficient measurement accuracy in the distribution network have brought great challenges to the state inference of the distribution network. This paper proposes a low-observable distribution network state inference method based on a graph convolution network (GCN), which uses sparse measurement data to infer missing measurement information. Firstly, the observability of the distribution network is analyzed by the numerical probability analysis method. Secondly, the GCN is employed to extract feature information from measurement data and integrate these features. The state inference model of the distribution network based on the GCN is established. Subsequently, power flow constraints of the distribution network are incorporated into the GCN training process to enhance the precision of the generated data. Ultimately, the efficacy of the proposed method is validated using the IEEE 33-node distribution system.
Fault prevention strategy for coupled networks of power grids and transportation with the participation of electric vehicles
Authors: Chi Fang , Yang Jun , Wu Fuzhang , Ling Zaixun , Cui Yibo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The increasing number of electric vehicles (EVs) that are connected to the power grid has raised concerns about the security of both transportation and power grids. This paper presents a fault prevention strategy that involves the use of social networks to improve the performance of electric vehicle charging stations. Firstly, the goal of this strategy is to improve the electric vehicle charging station’s performance by developing an evolutionary game model that takes into account the various factors that affect the electric vehicle’s response and travel time. Secondly, a number of charging station sample data is generated and analyzed using a convolutional neural framework. The capacity of the stations is then calculated by taking into account the different incentive measures offered by the power grid.. Furthermore, an optimal power flow model considering fault risk constraints and charging and discharging capacity constraints is established in the power grid or power grid subsystem to adjust the generator output and charging station power to realize the safe dispatching of the power grid. The simulation example shows that this method can fully consider the influence of traffic networks in the participation of EVs in power grid fault prevention, which is more reasonable.