bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solid insulated switchgear and investigation of its mechanical and electrical reliability
Authors: Sato Junichi , Kinoshita Susumu , Sakaguchi Osamu , Miyagawa Masaru , Shimizu Toshio , Homma Mitsutaka 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSF6gas is widely employed in medium‐voltage switchgear because of its high insulation reliability and down‐sizing ability. However, SF6gas was placed on the list of greenhouse gases under the Kyoto Protocol in 1997. Since then, research on low‐SF6or SF6‐free insulation has been carried out actively. Therefore, we focused on solid materials with higher dielectric strength than SF6, and we have now developed solid insulated switchgear (SIS) that uses molding of all main circuits. A new epoxy casting material is used which contains a large amount of spherical silica and a small amount of rubber particles. This new material has high mechanical strength, high thermal resistance, high toughness, and also high dielectric strength because of direct molding of the vacuum bottle, as well as reduced size and high reliability. This paper describes the technology of the new epoxy casting material which makes possible SIS. In addition, mechanical and electrical reliability tests of SIS using a new epoxy resin were performed, and the effectiveness of the developed material and the mechanical and electrical reliability of the SIS were verified. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 174(4): 28–36, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21057
The Role of the C–H···π Interactions in the Cyclisation Reactions Leading to New Aryl‐Bridged Tetraazamacrocyclic Complexes of Copper and Nickel
Authors: Kamiński Radosław , Kowalski Jarosław , Mames Iwona , Korybut‐Daszkiewicz Bohdan , Domagała Sławomir , Woźniak Krzysztof 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA series of neutral macrocyclic transition metal complexes of CuII and NiII, with bridging polyether linkers joining them to aromatic fragments, has been synthesised and their crystal and molecular structures have been established by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. These molecules adopt an “equatorial” conformation of the bridge due to formation of C–H···π interactions. Because of these interactions only cyclic products are formed in the SN2 reaction. DFT calculations also confirm experimental results.
Facile Synthesis of a Rare Chlorosilylene–BH3 Adduct
Authors: Azhakar Ramachandran , Tavčar Gašper , Roesky Herbert W. , Hey Jakob , Stalke Dietmar 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe first stable chlorosilylene–BH3 adduct was synthesized in the reaction of N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) stabilized dichlorosilylene either with equivalent amounts of LiBH4 or with equivalent amounts of a BH3·THF solution. The chlorosilylene–BH3 adduct was characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray structural analysis, NMR and IR spectroscopy, EI mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis.
Egg phosphatidylcholine and dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine liposomes containing acid proteinoid: Comparison of pH‐sensitivity
Authors: Hong Yeon‐Ji , Seo Hee Jin , Kim Jong Dai , Shin Won Cheol , Kim Jin‐Chul 
Published: December 2010

AbstractpH‐Sensitive liposomes were prepared by modifying the surfaces of egg phosphatidylcholine (EPC) liposomes and dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) liposomes with an acidic proteinoid. The acidic proteinoid (Prot AL) was prepared by a melt‐condensation of aspartic acid and leucine (98.5:1.5 mol/mol). The maximum amount of Prot AL accommodated by EPC liposomes without loss of the fluorescence quenching of calcein occurred when the ratio of Prot AL to EPC was 1:2. The EPC liposomes exhibited pH‐dependent release but the degree of release in 5 min was less than 10% in the range of pH 6.0–8.0. A marked increase in release was observed at pH 5.5 and the degree of release was about 38%. Acidification‐induced contraction of Prot AL may impose a mechanical stress on the liposomal membrane, deforming and demaging the membrane. On the other hand, a high fluorescence quenching, more than 60%, was obtained when the ratio of Prot AL to DOPE was 5.5:10. The pH‐sensitivity of DOPE liposomes bearing the proteinoid was much higher than that of egg PC liposomes bearing the same proteinoid. Following the changes in the size with varying pH, DOPE liposomes seemed to be disintegrated.
1,2,4‐Triazine vs. 1,3‐ and 1,4‐Oxazinones in Normal‐ and Inverse‐Electron‐Demand Hetero‐Diels–Alder Reactions: Establishing a Status Quo by Computational Analysis
Authors: Rooshenas Parham , Hof Kira , Schreiner Peter R. , Williams Craig M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe present an analysis of the well‐known normal‐ and inverse‐electron‐demand hetero‐Diels–Alder reaction involving 1,2,4‐triazine, 1,3‐oxazin‐6‐one, and 1,4‐oxazin‐2‐one, with alkenes and alkynes, utilizing density functional theory (DFT) at the SCS‐MP2/cc‐pVDZ//B3LYP/6‐31G(d) level to establish a theoretical status quo for synthetic practioners regarding the relative reactivities and stereochemical outcomes for these useful heterocycles. The results suggest that in the unsubstituted cases 1,2,4‐triazine is less reactive in comparison to 1,3‐oxazin‐6‐one and 1,4‐oxazin‐2‐one for both reaction modes, whereas the cycloaddition regioselectivities depend largely on the diene. For example, 1,3‐oxazin‐6‐one leads to kinetic meta isomers, in comparison to 1,2,4‐triazine and 1,4‐oxazin‐2‐one, which give rise to para isomers.
Potentiometric Screen‐Printed Bisensor for Simultaneous Determination of Chromium(III) and Chromium(VI)
Authors: Sánchez‐Moreno Raúl A. , Gismera Mª Jesús , Sevilla Mª Teresa , Procopio Jesús R. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA disposable dual screen‐printed electrode was designed and evaluated for the direct and simultaneous determination of chromium(VI) and chromium(III) in batch and flow analysis. For this purpose a carbon screen‐printed bielectrode was modified with a graphite‐epoxy composite which contains diphenylcarbazide and another graphite‐epoxy composite prepared with di(2‐hydroxyphenylimino)ethane. The principal analytical parameters of the potentiometric responses in batch and flow analysis were optimized and calculated. The bisensor shows optimal detection limits of 7.7×10−7 M and 7.9×10−6 M in static mode, and 9.0×10−7 M and 1.2×10−5 M in flow analysis for hexavalent and trivalent chromium, respectively. This potentiometric device was employed with successful results to determine both chromium species in leachates from municipal solid waste landfills.
Determination of Antioxidant Capacity by Using Xanthine Oxidase Bioreactor Coupled with Flow‐through H2O2 Amperometric Biosensor
Authors: Lates Vasilica , Marty Jean‐Louis , Popescu Ionel Catalin 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA new flow system for antioxidant capacity (AOC) estimation, consisting of a bioreactor, containing immobilized xanthine oxidase (XOD), coupled with a H2O2 amperometric biosensor, based on Os‐wired horseradish peroxidase, was developed. The H2O2, resulting from the enzymatic reaction between xanthine (XA) and XOD, was amperometrically monitored at −0.1 V vs. Ag/AgCl/KClsat, in order to avoid the electrochemical interferences. Two protocols were used to perform the AOC evaluation: “steady‐state”, when the antioxidant (AOX) was injected in the XA flow, and “transient state”, when XA and AOX were simultaneously injected in the carrier flow. The AOC of some commercial beverages were evaluated and compared with those obtained with 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical and Folin–Ciocalteu methods.
A Sensitive Electrochemical Approach for Melamine Detection Using a Disposable Screen Printed Carbon Electrode
Authors: Liao Chen‐Wei , Chen Yue‐Ru , Chang Jen‐Lin , Zen Jyh‐Myng 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe report here a simple and easy electrochemical approach for sensitive detection of non‐electroactive melamine using a disposable screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE) with uric acid as the recognition element. It is based on the competitive adsorptive behavior of melamine at the preanodized SPCE causing suppression in the oxidation current of uric acid. A linear range up to 126 ppb with a detection limit of 1.6 ppb (S/N=3) is achieved at the preanodized SPCE by differential pulse voltammetry. The electrochemical method is successfully applied to detect the melamine content in tainted milk powder and dog food.
Stability of clinical condition in mild cognitive impairment is related to cortical sources of alpha rhythms: An electroencephalographic study
Authors: Babiloni Claudio , Frisoni Giovanni B. , Vecchio Fabrizio , Lizio Roberta , Pievani Michela , Cristina Geroldi , Fracassi Claudia , Vernieri Fabrizio , Rodriguez Guido , Nobili Flavio , Ferri Raffaele , Rossini Paolo M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractPrevious evidence has shown that resting eyes‐closed cortical alpha rhythms are higher in amplitude in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) than Alzheimer's disease (AD) subjects (Babiloni et al. [2006a]: Human Brain Mapp 27:162–172; [2006b]: Clin Neurophysiol 117:252–268; [2006c]: Neuroimage 29:948–964; [2006d]: Ann Neurol 59:323–334; [2006e]: Clin Neurophysiol 117:1113–1129; [2006f]: Neuroimage 31:1650–1665). This study tested the hypothesis that, in amnesic MCI subjects, high amplitude of baseline cortical alpha rhythms is related to long‐term stability of global cognition on clinical follow‐up. Resting electroencephalographic (EEG) data were recorded in 100 amnesic MCI subjects during eyes‐closed condition. EEG rhythms of interest were delta (2–4 Hz), theta (4–8 Hz), alpha1 (8–10.5 Hz), alpha2 (10.5–13 Hz), beta1 (13–20 Hz), and beta2 (20–30 Hz). Cortical EEG sources were estimated by low‐resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA). Global cognition was indexed by mini mental state evaluation (MMSE) score at the time of EEG recordings (baseline) and about after 1 year. Based on the MMSE percentage difference between baseline and 1‐year follow‐up (MMSEvar), the MCI subjects were retrospectively divided into three arbitrary groups: DECREASED (MMSEvar ≤ −4%; N = 43), STABLE (MMSEvar ≈ 0; N = 27), and INCREASED (MMSEvar ≥ +4%; N = 30). Subjects' age, education, individual alpha frequency, gender, and MMSE scores were used as covariates for statistical analysis. Baseline posterior cortical sources of alpha 1 rhythms were higher in amplitude in the STABLE than in the DECREASED and INCREASED groups. These results suggest that preserved resting cortical neural synchronization at alpha frequency is related to a long‐term (1 year) stable cognitive function in MCI subjects. Future studies should use serial MMSE measurements to confirm and refine the present results. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exploring the after‐effects of theta burst magnetic stimulation on the human motor cortex: A functional imaging study
Authors: Cárdenas‐Morales Lizbeth , Grön Georg , Kammer Thomas 
Published: December 2010

AbstractTheta burst stimulation (TBS) is a protocol of subthreshold repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) inducing changes in cortical excitability. From functional imaging studies with conventional subthreshold rTMS protocols, it remains unclear what type of modulation occurs (direction and dependency to neural activity) and whether putative effects are bound to unspecific changes in cerebral perfusion or require a functional challenge. In a within‐subjects (n = 17) repeated measurement design including real TBS and a control session without stimulation, we examined neural activation in a choice‐reaction task after application of intermittent TBS, a protocol, which enhances cortical excitability over the left motor cortex (M1). Brain activity was monitored by blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging interleaved with measuring regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) at rest using MR‐based perfusion imaging. On a separate day, TMS‐induced compound muscle action potentials (cMAPs) amplitude of the right hand was measured after excitatory TBS. Compared to control, a significant decrease in BOLD signal due to right hand motor activity during the choice‐reaction task was observed mainly in the stimulated M1 and motor‐related remote areas after stimulation. This decrease might represent a facilitating effect, because cMAPs amplitude increased upon TBS compared to control. No changes in rCBF at rest were observed. The data demonstrate that subthreshold intermittent TBS targets both the stimulated cortical area as well as remote areas. The facilitation changing the efficacy of neural signal transmission seems to be reflected by a BOLD signal decrease, whereas the network at rest does not appear to be affected. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular Therapy for Obesity and Diabetes Based on a Long-Term Increase in Hepatic Fatty-Acid Oxidation §Δ
Authors: Orellana-Gavaldà Josep M. , Herrero Laura , Malandrino Maria Ida , Pañeda Astrid , Sol Rodríguez-Peña Maria , Petry Harald , Asins Guillermina , Van Deventer Sander , Hegardt Fausto G. , Serra Dolors 
Published: December 2010

Abstract

Obesity-induced insulin resistance is associated with both ectopic lipid deposition and chronic, low-grade adipose tissue inflammation. Despite their excess fat, obese individuals show lower fatty-acid oxidation (FAO) rates. This has raised the question of whether burning off the excess fat could improve the obese metabolic phenotype. Here we used human-safe nonimmunoreactive adeno-associated viruses (AAV) to mediate long-term hepatic gene transfer of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A), the key enzyme in fatty-acid β-oxidation, or its permanently active mutant form CPT1AM, to high-fat diet-treated and genetically obese mice. High-fat diet CPT1A- and, to a greater extent, CPT1AM-expressing mice showed an enhanced hepatic FAO which resulted in increased production of CO2, adenosine triphosphate, and ketone bodies. Notably, the increase in hepatic FAO not only reduced liver triacylglyceride content, inflammation, and reactive oxygen species levels but also systemically affected a decrease in epididymal adipose tissue weight and inflammation and improved insulin signaling in liver, adipose tissue, and muscle. Obesity-induced weight gain, increase in fasting blood glucose and insulin levels, and augmented expression of gluconeogenic genes were restored to normal only 3 months after AAV treatment. Thus, CPT1A- and, to a greater extent, CPT1AM-expressing mice were protected against obesity-induced weight gain, hepatic steatosis, diabetes, and obesity-induced insulin resistance. In addition, genetically obese

db/db

mice that expressed CPT1AM showed reduced glucose and insulin levels and liver steatosis.

Conclusion

: A chronic increase in liver FAO improves the obese metabolic phenotype, which indicates that AAV-mediated CPT1A expression could be a potential molecular therapy for obesity and diabetes. (Hepatology 2011)
Reflectance measurement using digital camera and a protecting dome with built in light source
Authors: Välisuo Petri , Harju Toni , Alander Jarmo 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe reflectance of the skin reveals the chemical and physical changes of the skin as well as many metabolic changes. The reflectance measurement is an important method for medical diagnosis, follow‐up and screening. This article concentrates on designing and validating an imaging system, based on a digital camera. The proposed system can measure the reflectance of the skin with high spatial and currently four channel spectral resolution, in the range of 450 nm to 980 nm. The accuracy of the system is determined by imaging a colour checker board and comparing the obtained values with both given values and spectrometer measurements. The diffuse interreflections of both, the integrating sphere and the lighting dome of the imaging system, is compensated with a correction factor. The accuracy of the proposed system is only slightly weaker than the spectrometer. The imaging system characteristics are independent of the camera characteristics. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Monitoring treatment response of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia with certain molecular and biochemical markers
Authors: Barakat Maged , Elkhayat Zakareya , Kholoussi Naglaa , Elnady Hala , Ismail Manal , Raafat Jackleen 
Published: December 2010

AbstractApoptosis is the primary mechanism through which most chemotherapeutic agents induce tumor cell death. The purpose of this study was to monitor the expression of pro‐ and anti‐apoptotic proteins CD95, Bcl‐2, as well as copper and zinc levels in the peripheral blood of children with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) prior to and 6 months after the beginning of chemotherapy. Blood parameters and bone marrow blast count were also assessed. Twenty of 26 patients who received treatment showed amelioration in apoptotic response, which is reflected in the elevation of CD95, whereas Bcl‐2 protein was significantly lowered. In these patients, the elevated serum copper level was not significantly affected whereas the low serum zinc level was significantly raised. Improvement in blood parameters and bone marrow blast count were also achieved. Taken together, the data suggested that assessment of apoptosis signaling molecules might have a predictive impact on treatment outcome. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 24:343–350, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.20344
Synthesis of some new azole, pyrimidine, pyran, and benzo/naphtho[b]furan derivatives incorporating thiazolo[3,2‐a]benzimidazole moiety
Authors: Farag Ahmad M. , Dawood Kamal M. , Abdel‐Aziz Hatem A. , Hamdy Nehal A. , Fakhr Issa M. I. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractReaction ofE‐3‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)‐1‐(3‐methylthiazolo[3,2‐a]benzimidazol‐2‐yl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐one (1) with someN‐nucleophiles, such as anilines2a,2b,2c, 4‐amino‐N‐pyridin‐2‐yl‐benzenesulfonamide (4a), 4‐amino‐N‐pyrimidin‐2‐yl‐benzenesulfonamide (4b), hydrazine, hydroxylamine, thiourea, and guanidine afforded the corresponding arylaminoprop‐2‐en‐1‐one derivatives3a,3b,3c,5a,5b, the pyrazole, isoxazole, pyrimidinethione and aminopyrimidine derivatives7a,7b,9a, and9b, respectively. The utility of compound1, as a versatile building block, for the synthesis of the pyranone13, benzo[b]furan17a, and naphtho[1,2‐b]furan17bwas also explored via its reaction with 2‐benzamidoacetic acid (10), 1,4‐benzoquinone (14a), and 1,4‐naphthoquinone (14b), respectively. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
Synthesis and structure characterization of new [1,2,4]triazolo[5,4‐d][1,5]benzothiazepine derivatives through 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction
Authors: Wu Xiao‐Long , Liu Fang‐Ming , Zhou Ying‐Lei 
Published: December 2010

AbstractReaction of 1,5‐benzothiazepines 3, obtained from chalcones 2 and o‐aminobenzenthiol, with the (phenylhydrazino) chloromethylenecarboxylates 4 in the presence of Et3N leads to a series of new [1,2,4]triazolo[5,4‐d][1,5]benzothiazepine derivatives 5. Their structures were established using spectroscopic methods and that of compound 5d was confirmed using X‐ray diffraction analysis. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
Design and synthesis of new imidazolinone derivatives as potential antifungal agents
Authors: Patel Navin B. , Patel Hemant R. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA new series of chalcones, pyrimidines, and imidazolinone is described; chalcones (4a,4b,4c,4d,4e,4f,4g,4h,4i,4j,4k,4l,4m,4n,4o) were prepared from the lead 4‐[2‐(5‐ethylpyridin‐2‐yl)ethoxy]benzaldehyde. Pyrimidines (5a,5b,5c,5d,5e,5f,5g,5h,5i,5j,5k,5l,5m,5n,5o) were prepared from the reaction of chalcones and guanidine nitrate in alkali media. Imidazolinones (6a,6b,6c,6d,6e,6f,6g,6h,6i,6j,6k,6l,6m,6n,6o) were synthesized from the reaction of pyrimidine and oxazolone derivatives (prepared by Erlenmeyer azlactone synthesis). The structures of the synthesized compounds were assigned on the basis of elemental analyses, IR,1H‐NMR, and13C‐NMR spectral data. All the products were screened against different strains of bacteria and fungi. Most of these compounds showed better inhibitory activity in comparison with the standard drugs. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
The marriage of logos and mythos: Transforming leadership
Authors: Jones Michael 
Published: December 2010

AbstractLeadership is about knowledge, skills, and abilities for transformation. It is also increasingly about worldviews or visions of life—beliefs, values, and principles. But worldviews are also ways of life, for beliefs direct us, values guide us, and principles motivate us to certain kinds of action and behavior.How, then, do worldviews have an impact on leadership for transformation? If worldviews are glasses or filters by which we view the world, mental models of the bigger picture, frameworks by which we make sense of the world, and narratives by which we orient our lives, then how do they influence human thoughts, ideas, and behaviors when it comes to transformative leadership?This was the subject matter of an International Leadership Association Conference panel discussion held in November 2009 in Prague, entitled Leadership for Transformation: The Impact of Worldviews. It is also the subject matter of this issue's symposium, in which we bring you the four papers and the response presented at the conference. Members of the panel were characterized by gender, disciplinary, religious, and global diversity.Nathan Harter, organizational leadership professor at Purdue University in the United States, begins the discussion with some preliminary remarks about worldviews. Ali Mohammed Mir, medical doctor and director of programs of Population Council, Pakistan, speaks of leadership from an Islamic perspective. Michael Jones, accomplished composer, pianist, and leadership educator, writer, and speaker from Orillia, Canada, reflects on how a “marriage of mythos and logos” can transform leadership today. Lisa Ncube, originally from Zimbabwe and currently assistant professor of organizational leadership at Purdue University, speaks about Ubuntu as an alternative leadership philosophy emerging from Africa. John Valk, associate professor of worldview studies at Renaissance College, University of New Brunswick, Canada, speaks of leadership for transformation from a Christian worldview perspective. Jonathan Reams, associate professor in the Department of Education at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim, responds to all of the papers and opens a venue for further discussion.We hope that you will find this symposium engaging. We hope it will give food for thought and that it might stimulate further thinking regarding the role worldviews play in leadership for transformation.
Human bocavirus infection in children with acute gastroenteritis in Japan and Thailand
Authors: Pham Ngan Thi Kim , Trinh Quang Duy , Chan‐It Wisoot , Khamrin Pattara , Nishimura Shuichi , Sugita Kumiko , Maneekarn Niwat , Okitsu Shoko , Mizuguchi Masashi , Ushijima Hiroshi 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA total of 329 fecal specimens, which had been known to be negative for rotavirus, adenovirus, norovirus, sapovirus, and astrovirus, and which were collected from infants and children with acute gastroenteritis in Japan and Thailand during 2005–2008 were screened for human bocavirus (HBoV). HBoV was detected by PCR with a primer pair that amplified the NP1 region of its genome and was genotyped by sequencing of the VP1/VP2 region. Of the 329 samples tested, 6 (1.8%) were positive for HBoV. Of these, five samples were collected from Japan and one sample was from Thailand, and the detection rates of HBoV in each country were 2% and 1.2%, respectively. For the detected HBoV, the capsid VP1/VP2 gene of all HBoV strains was successfully sequenced. Four Japanese HBoV strains studied were clustered into group 1, while the remaining Japanese strain and a unique Thai strain belonged to group 2. No severe acute gastroenteritis associated with HBoV was noted. This study provides better understanding on the epidemiology of HBoV infections in children with acute gastroenteritis in Japan and Thailand. J. Med. Virol. 83:286–290, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.