bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploration of the pathogenesis of haemophilic joint arthropathy: understanding implications for optimal clinical management
Authors: Acharya Suchitra S. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryHaemophilia is an inherited disorder of clotting factor deficiencies resulting in musculoskeletal bleeding, including haemarthroses, leading to orthopaedic complications. The pathogenesis of haemophilic joint arthropathy continues to be explored and there is evidence to suggest that iron, cytokines, and neo angiogenesis can initiate synovial and early cartilage damage resulting in molecular changes and the perpetuation of a chronic inflammatory state. This joint arthropathy has long term consequences for bone health resulting in chronic pain and quality of life issues in the individual with haemophilia. Haemarthroses can be prevented by the administration of clotting factor concentrates (prophylaxis). However, high costs and the need for venous access devices in younger children continue to complicate recommendations for universal prophylaxis. In patients who fail or refuse prophylaxis, procedures, such as synovectomy and arthroplasty, can provide relief from repeated haemarthroses. The optimal timing of these, however, is not well defined. Prevention of joint arthropathy needs to focus on prevention of haemarthroses through prophylaxis, identifying early joint disease through the optimal use of cost effective imaging modalities and the validation of serological markers of joint arthropathy. Screening for effects on bone health and optimal management of pain to improve quality of life are, likewise, important issues.
Prevalence and diversity of allergic rhinitis in regions of the world beyond Europe and North America
Authors: Katelaris C. H. , Lee B. W. , Potter P. C. , Maspero J. F. , Cingi C. , Lopatin A. , Saffer M. , Xu G. , Walters R. D. 
Published: November 2011

BackgroundThere is comparatively little information in the public domain on the diversity in prevalence and triggers/factors associated with allergic rhinitis (AR) or allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (AR/C) in countries beyond western‐Europe and North America.ObjectiveTo review the prevalence and the sensitizing agents/triggers and factors associated with AR/C in several countries in Africa, the Asia‐Pacific region, Australia, Eastern Europe, Latin America, Middle East and Turkey.MethodsArticles published in English in peer‐reviewed journals were assessed and selected for further review, following an extensive literature search using the Medline database.ResultsThis review demonstrated that prevalence of AR and AR/C in these regions has predominantly been investigated in children; with studies indicating wide inter‐ and intra‐regional variations ranging from 2.9% AR and 3.8% AR/C in 10–18‐years‐old children from one region in Turkey to 54.1% AR and 39.2% AR/C in 13–14‐years‐old children in one region in Nigeria. Moreover, the prevalence of AR and AR/C has increased markedly over the last decade particularly in some of the more affluent African countries, China‐Taiwan and several Middle East countries, likely as a consequence of improved living standards leading to increased exposure to multiple traditional and non‐traditional sensitizing agents and risk factors similar to those noted in western‐Europe and North America.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceOur findings suggest that the greater diversity in prevalence of AR or AR/C in populations in these regions is in contrast to the lower diversity of AR or AR/C in the ‘western populations (USA and Europe), which tend to be more uniform. This review provides a comprehensive database of the important allergens and triggers which are likely to influence the prevalence of allergic rhinitis in these diverse regions, where the prevalence of allergic rhinitis is increasing and its adverse impact on the quality of life of affected individuals is increasingly recognised.
Increased prokineticin 2 expression in gut inflammation: role in visceral pain and intestinal ion transport
Authors: Watson Robert P. , Lilley Elliot , Panesar Moh , Bhalay Gurdip , Langridge Steven , Tian Shin‐Shay , McClenaghan Conor , Ropenga Anna , Zeng Fanning , Nash Mark S. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground  Prokineticin 2 (PROK2) is an inflammatory cytokine‐like molecule expressed predominantly by macrophages and neutrophils infiltrating sites of tissue damage. Given the established role of prokineticin signaling on gastrointestinal function, we have explored Prok2 gene expression in inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract and assessed the possible consequences on gut physiology.Methods  Prokineticin expression was examined in normal and colitic tissues using qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Functional responses to PROK2 were studied using calcium imaging and a novel antagonist, Compound 3, used to determine the role of PROK2 and prokineticin receptors in inflammatory visceral pain and ion transport.Key Results  Prok2 gene expression was up‐regulated in biopsy samples from ulcerative colitis patients, and similar elevations were observed in rodent models of inflammatory colitis. Prokineticin receptor 1 (PKR1) was localized to the enteric neurons and extrinsic sensory neurons, whereas Pkr2 expression was restricted to sensory ganglia. In rats, PROK2‐increased intracellular calcium levels in cultured enteric and dorsal root ganglia neurons, which was blocked by Compound 3. Moreover, PROK2 acting at prokineticin receptors stimulated intrinsic neuronally mediated ion transport in rat ileal mucosa. In vivo, Compound 3 reversed intracolonic mustard oil‐induced referred allodynia and TNBS‐induced visceral hypersensitivity, but not non‐inflammatory, stress‐induced visceral pain.Conclusions & Inferences  Elevated Prok2 levels, as a consequence of gastrointestinal tract inflammation, induce visceral pain via prokineticin receptors. This observation, together with the finding that PROK2 can modulate intestinal ion transport, raises the possibility that inhibitors of PROK2 signaling may have clinical utility in gastrointestinal disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Association of self‐reported passive smoking in pregnant women with cotinine level of maternal urine and umbilical cord blood at delivery
Authors: Baheiraei Azam , Banihosseini Seyede Z. , Heshmat Ramin , Mota Ali , Mohsenifar Afshin 
Published: November 2011

SummaryBaheiraei A, Banihosseini SZ, Heshmat R, Mota A, Mohsenifar A. Association of self‐reported passive smoking in pregnant women with cotinine level of maternal urine and umbilical cord blood at delivery. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 2012; 26: 70–76.Passive smoking during pregnancy leads to adverse effects on mother and infant. The present investigation was designed to evaluate the association between maternal reported passive smoking with the cotinine concentration of maternal urine and umbilical cord blood at delivery and to determine the accuracy of maternal reporting of exposure to cigarette smoke during pregnancy. This was a cross‐sectional study. From the 108 non‐smoker pregnant women who were referred for delivery, 54 were passive smokers. Urine samples were collected from the mothers in the delivery room and blood samples after birth were taken from the umbilical cord. Passive smoking was evaluated through questionnaire and cotinine level of urine and umbilical cord blood. The geometric mean cotinine concentration of the maternal urine and the umbilical cord serum were, respectively, 27.4 ± 29.96 ng/mL and 3.71 ± 1.22 ng/mL in the exposed group (P < 0.001) and 0.75 ± 2.29 and 0.40 ± 0.63 in the non‐exposed group (P < 0.001). There was a statistically significant correlation between maternal urinary and umbilical cord serum level of cotinine (P < 0.001, r = 0.58). Significant associations were shown between maternal reports of exposure to cigarette smoking with cotinine level of urine (kappa = 96%) and umbilical cord (kappa = 98%) (P < 0.001). This study shows that the pregnant woman's report of passive smoking during pregnancy in Iran is accurate. The questionnaire is an appropriate method to evaluate smoke exposure and could replace cotinine measurement.
Signal transduction by IRE1‐mediated splicing of bZIP50 and other stress sensors in the endoplasmic reticulum stress response of rice
Authors: Hayashi Shimpei , Wakasa Yuhya , Takahashi Hideyuki , Kawakatsu Taiji , Takaiwa Fumio 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress sensor IRE1 transduces signals by inducing the unconventional splicing of mRNAs encoding key transcription factors: HAC1 in yeast and XBP1 in animals. However, no HAC1 or XBP1 homologues have been found in plants, and until recently the substrate for plant IRE1 has remained unknown. This study demonstrates that the Oryza sativa (rice) OsbZIP50 transcription factor, an orthologue of Arabidopsis AtbZIP60, is regulated by IRE1‐mediated splicing of its RNA. Despite the presence of a transcriptional activation domain, OsbZIP50 protein is not translocated into the nucleus efficiently in the absence of OsbZIP50 mRNA splicing. Unconventional splicing of OsbZIP50 mRNA causes a frame shift, which results in the appearance of a nuclear localization signal in the newly translated OsbZIP50. OsbZIP50 mRNA is spliced in a similar manner to HAC1 and XBP1 mRNAs; however, this splicing has very different effects on the translation products, a finding that shows the diversity of IRE1‐related transcription factors in eukaryotes. In addition, the expression of OsbZIP50 is affected by ER stress sensor proteins OsIRE1, OsbZIP39 and OsbZIP60. ER stress‐related genes differ with respect to their dependency on OsbZIP50 for their expression. The findings of this study improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the plant ER stress response.
Pathogenicity testing of four Bursaphelenchus species on conifer seedlings under greenhouse conditions
Authors: Dayi M. , Akbulut S. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThe pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner and Buhrer, J. Agric Res. 48, 1934, 949), Nickle (J. Nematol. 2, 1970, 375), is the causative agent of the pine wilt disease and causes serious damage to pine forests around the world. During a survey for the pinewood nematode, four other Bursaphelenchus species (Bursaphelenchus mucronatus, B. sexdentati, B. anamurius and B. vallesianus) were isolated from wilted pine trees in Turkey. To understand the effects of these Bursaphelenchus species on wilting of pine trees, a study was conducted under greenhouse conditions. Two‐year‐old seedlings of three pine species (Pinus nigra, P. brutia and P. pinea) and one cedar species (Cedrus libani) were used. Fifteen seedlings of each species were inoculated with nematodes and 10 seedlings of each species served as controls. The inoculum densities used for each seedling contained approximately 1000 (±100) nematodes of all life stages in 0.25 ml of distilled water. The first wilting symptoms were observed in the fifth week in all pine species but not in the cedar seedlings. All seeding mortality occurred between the 5th and 13th weeks of the study; no mortality was observed outside of this period. The most pathogenic nematode species was B. mucronatus, closely followed by the other species. The most susceptible seedling species was P. nigra, and C. libani was the most resistant species.
First report of Curvularia leaf spot, caused by Curvularia affinis on Dalbergia sissoo
Authors: Sharma P. , Singh N. , Verma O.P. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryA new foliar disease was observed on sissoo in Jaipur and Udaipur districts of Rajasthan, India. The disease occurred in approximately 30% of the trees surveyed. Leaf spots were mostly irregular and these start from leaf margin to inwards. The fungus was identified as Curvularia affinis Boedijn and Koch’s postulates fulfilled. On the basis of the literature, this is the first report of C. affinis causing leaf spot of Dalbergia sissoo from India as well as worldwide.
Efficacy of risperidone in children with disruptive behavioural disorders
Authors: Duhig Michael J , Saha Sukanta , Scott James G 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis study aims to review the evidence for the efficacy of risperidone in the treatment of disruptive behavioural disorders (DBDs) in children and adolescents. Established databases were searched using the terms ‘Risperidone and efficacy and children’ and ‘Risperidone and efficacy and adolescents’. Randomised, double‐blind controlled studies were retained for analysis. Janseen‐Cilag was contacted to identify any unpublished studies. Quality of studies was measured using Jadad scores. Seven studies of 657 subjects with a mean age of 9.9 years (SD= 2.0) (range 4–18 years) were identified. Only one study was judged to use the highest quality of methodology according to the Jadad score. Patients with DBD who were treated with risperidone showed clinical improvement compared with placebo. Weight gain, somnolence and gastrointestinal complaints were common. Risperidone was found to be efficacious in reducing symptoms in children and adolescents with DBD. However, studies were mostly of short duration and had deficiencies in the descriptions of blinding and randomisation. Research using rigorous methodology examining the long‐term outcomes of efficacy and safety are required to inform clinicians and families of the therapeutic benefits and risks of risperidone in this clinical population.
Acute liver failure in young children with systemic‐onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis without macrophage activation syndrome: Report of two cases
Authors: Hiejima Eitaro , Komatsu Haruki , Takeda Yoshitake , Sogo Tsuyoshi , Inui Ayano , Okafuji Ikuo , Nishikomori Ryuta , Nakahata Tatsutoshi , Fujisawa Tomoo 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAcute liver failure (ALF) with macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is well known as a complication of systemic‐onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (S‐JIA). However, liver failure without overt MAS is rare in S‐JIA. We encountered two Japanese children with S‐JIA in whom ALF developed during the remission of clinical manifestations. ALF without MAS was improved with plasma exchange and cyclosporine A combined with pulse methylprednisolone.
Medical assessment for child sexual abuse: A post‐code lottery?
Authors: Everitt Rose , Reed Peter , Kelly Patrick 
Published: November 2011

Aim:  To describe the number of children and young people in New Zealand who receive a medical assessment for sexual abuse, the proportion of those where there is concern about sexual abuse who receive such assessments and the way in which assessment services are structured.Methods:  Medical assessments for child and adolescent sexual abuse over 12 months were counted by direct communication with health providers throughout New Zealand, and compared with the number of cases substantiated by statutory child protective services, the number of claims for counselling for mental injury from sexual abuse and the regional population. All doctors providing medical assessments were surveyed as to how this was organised by region.Results:  There were 804 medical assessments. Child protective services regarded 1207 cases as substantiated, and 1434 claims for mental injury were lodged. There was marked regional variation. In a matched sample, only 38% of cases of substantiated sexual abuse were seen for a medical assessment. A doctor with expertise in the assessment of sexual abuse was available in most areas, but service structure varied widely. The availability of nurse or social work support was poor. The proportion of children and adolescents receiving a medical assessment, and the quality of service structure, was directly related to regional population.Conclusions:  Health assessments for alleged child and adolescent sexual abuse are relatively infrequent, nationally inconsistent and often poorly supported by local health systems. There is also marked but apparently unrelated regional variation in statutory child protection practice.
Urinary tubular biomarkers as potential early predictors of renal allograft rejection
Authors: TING YI‐TIAN , COATES P TOBY , WALKER ROBERT J , MCLELLAN ALEXANDER D 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT:Confirmation of kidney transplant rejection still requires a histological diagnosis on renal allograft biopsy. Research continues for new non‐invasive means for early diagnosis and treatment of kidney allograft rejection. Examination of the urine in renal transplant recipients provides a logical and readily accessible non‐invasive window on allograft function, reflecting the function of the kidney in its transplanted environment. Renal tubular epithelial cells (TEC) respond dynamically to the surrounding microenvironment and play an important role in allograft survival. Proteins released from TEC into the urine potentially serve as biomarkers for the early diagnosis of graft dysfunction and rejection. Activated proximal TEC express human leucocyte antigens and co‐stimulatory molecules, transiently transforming into non‐professional antigen‐presenting cells that augment renal allograft rejection. Chemokines and chemoattractants expressed on proximal tubules may also facilitate the migration of alloreactive lymphocytes to local site of injury and stimulate cytokine release from infiltrating lymphocytes. Proximal TEC are also potential targets for circulating alloreactive antibodies and complement leading to cell damage. Changes in cell state during development, regeneration or immune response require a rapid modulation of both surface protein expression and secretion, altering the repertoire of proteins secreted or expressed at the TEC plasma membrane. Due to the proximity of TEC to the tubular lumen, these proteins are passed into the urine. In this regard, TEC possess a unique anatomic location within the transplanted organ and are therefore ideal indicators of graft function. Hence, measurement of the changes of TEC‐derived molecules in the urine, in response to different challenges or modification, may predict graft outcome.
Three hours of training improve psychiatric staff's self‐perceived knowledge and attitudes toward problem‐drinking patients
Authors: NEHLIN CHRISTINA , FREDRIKSSON ANDERS , GRÖNBLADH LEIF , JANSSON LENNART 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIntroduction and Aims. Staff attitudes are an important factor in the successful implementation of systematic alcohol strategies and policies. The forms and extent of training needed to improve therapeutic attitude among psychiatric staff to problem drinking are unclear. The aim of the investigation was to study the knowledge and attitudes of psychiatric staff toward problem‐drinking patients. A further aim was to investigate whether a short 3 h training is sufficient to improve knowledge and therapeutic attitude toward problem drinking.Design and Methods. A tailored training model for psychiatric staff (non‐physicians) was carried out at a medium size university clinic. Participants were medical (nurses and psychiatric aides) and non‐medical staff (psychologists and social workers). The training consisted of a 2 h workshop and a 1 h follow‐up session. Knowledge and attitudes were measured at baseline and follow up by a questionnaire including vignettes assessment and the Short Alcohol and Alcohol Problems Perception Questionnaire.Results. In total, 115 persons completed the questionnaire (follow‐up rate 83.5%). The distribution was even (50% for the medical and 50% for the non‐medical staff). After training, the non‐medical staff estimated vignette case severity higher than before. Both staff groups estimated their capacity to help a patient with complex problems higher after training. Role adequacy was higher in both subgroups after training. Medical staff scored work satisfaction higher after the training.Discussion and Conclusions. Three hours of tailored training for psychiatric staff improve their knowledge and therapeutic attitude to problem‐drinking patients.[Nehlin C, Fredriksson A, Grönbladh L, Jansson L. Three hours of training improve psychiatric staff's self‐perceived knowledge and attitudes toward problem‐drinking patients. Drug Alcohol Rev 2012;31:544–549]
A Tutorial on Hierarchically Structured Constructs
Authors: Brunner Martin , Nagy Gabriel , Wilhelm Oliver 
Published: November 2011

AbstractMany psychological constructs are conceived to be hierarchically structured and thus to operate at various levels of generality. Alternative confirmatory factor analytic (CFA) models can be used to study various aspects of this proposition: (a) The one‐factor model focuses on the top of the hierarchy and contains only a general construct, (b) the first‐order factor model focuses on the intermediate level of the hierarchy and contains only specific constructs, and both (c) the higher order factor model and (d) the nested‐factor model consider the hierarchy in its entirety and contain both general and specific constructs (e.g., bifactor model). This tutorial considers these CFA models in depth, addressing their psychometric properties, interpretation of general and specific constructs, and implications for model‐based score reliabilities. The authors illustrate their arguments with normative data obtained for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and conclude with recommendations on which CFA model is most appropriate for which research and diagnostic purposes.
Corporate Personality: A Politico‐Jurisprudential Argument
Authors: AMATRUDO ANTHONY 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis article is an attempt to develop a practical politico‐jurisprudential account of the corporate person, which it does by building on contemporary ideas about collective and shared intentions. It argues for a model of shared intentions, which posits a set of interlocking preferences, and other supporting attitudes. It examines the work of Bratman, Gilbert, Hurley, and Sugden and addresses issues of choice, coercion and will.
Assessing Gross Domestic Product and Inflation Probability Forecasts Derived from Bank of England Fan Charts
Authors: Galbraith John W. , van Norden Simon 
Published: November 2011

SummaryDensity forecasts, including the pioneering Bank of England ‘fan charts’, are often used to produce forecast probabilities of a particular event. We use the Bank of England’s forecast densities to calculate the forecast probability that annual rates of inflation and output growth exceed given thresholds. We subject these implicit probability forecasts to graphical and numerical diagnostic checks. We measure both their calibration and their resolution, providing both statistical and graphical interpretations of the results. The results reinforce earlier evidence on limitations of these forecasts and provide new evidence on their information content and on the relative performance of inflation and gross domestic product growth forecasts. In particular, gross domestic product forecasts show little or no ability to predict periods of low growth beyond the current quarter, in part because of the important role of data revisions.