bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as a bridge to liver transplantation for acute respiratory distress syndrome-induced life-threatening hypoxaemia aggravated by hepatopulmonary syndrome
Authors: Monsel Antoine , Mal Hervé , Brisson Hélène , Luo Rubin , Eyraud Daniel , Vézinet Corinne , Do Chung Hi , Lu Qin , Vaillant Jean-Christophe , Hannoun Laurent , Houssel Pauline , Durand François , Rouby Jean-Jacques 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Introduction
Combined with massive lung aeration loss resulting from acute respiratory distress syndrome, hepatopulmonary syndrome, a liver-induced vascular lung disorder characterized by diffuse or localized dilated pulmonary capillaries, may induce hypoxaemia and death in patients with end-stage liver disease.

Methods
The case of such a patient presenting with both disorders and in whom an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was used is described.

Results
A 51-year-old man with a five-year history of alcoholic cirrhosis was admitted for acute respiratory failure, platypnoea and severe hypoxaemia requiring emergency tracheal intubation. Following mechanical ventilation, hypoxaemia remained refractory to positive end-expiratory pressure, 100% of inspired oxygen and inhaled nitric oxide. Two-dimensional contrast-enhanced (agitated saline) transthoracic echocardiography disclosed a massive right-to-left extracardiac shunt, without patent foramen ovale. Contrast computed tomography (CT) of the thorax using quantitative analysis and colour encoding system established the diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome aggravated by hepatopulmonary syndrome. According to the severity of the respiratory condition, a veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was implemented and the patient was listed for emergency liver transplantation. Orthotopic liver transplantation was performed at Day 13. At the end of the surgical procedure, the improvement in oxygenation allowed removal of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (Day 5). The patient was discharged from hospital at Day 48. Three months after hospital discharge, the patient recovered a correct physical autonomy status without supplemental O2.

Conclusions
In a cirrhotic patient, acute respiratory distress syndrome was aggravated by hepatopulmonary syndrome causing life-threatening hypoxaemia not controlled by standard supportive measures. The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, by controlling gas exchange, allowed the performing of a successful liver transplantation and final recovery.
A comparative analysis of exome capture
Authors: Parla Jennifer S , Iossifov Ivan , Grabill Ian , Spector Mona S , Kramer Melissa , McCombie W Richard 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Background
Human exome resequencing using commercial target capture kits has been and is being used for sequencing large numbers of individuals to search for variants associated with various human diseases. We rigorously evaluated the capabilities of two solution exome capture kits. These analyses help clarify the strengths and limitations of those data as well as systematically identify variables that should be considered in the use of those data.

Results
Each exome kit performed well at capturing the targets they were designed to capture, which mainly corresponds to the consensus coding sequences (CCDS) annotations of the human genome. In addition, based on their respective targets, each capture kit coupled with high coverage Illumina sequencing produced highly accurate nucleotide calls. However, other databases, such as the Reference Sequence collection (RefSeq), define the exome more broadly, and so not surprisingly, the exome kits did not capture these additional regions.

Conclusions
Commercial exome capture kits provide a very efficient way to sequence select areas of the genome at very high accuracy. Here we provide the data to help guide critical analyses of sequencing data derived from these products.
Control of Tonal Fan Noise Using Flow Induced Secondary Sound Sources Generated by Air Jet Actuation
Authors: Lemke O. , Neise W. , Enghardt L. , Möser M. 
Published: September 2011

To reduce the tonal noise of axial fans loudspeakers are typically used to generate the required anti-phase sound field. The space requirement and the weight of the loudspeakers inhibit practical application of this method. In the present study the secondary sound field is generated by perturbing the flow in the blade tip regime by using high speed air jets. It has been shown, that this approach is very effective in controlling higher-order mode sound fields at blade passage frequency and its harmonics. The focus of the present work is to study the effect of various nozzle parameters on the generated secondary sound field. From the experimental data presented it can be concluded that when using circular nozzles an injection angle of α = 45° relative to the casing wall combined with an injection direction of β = 90° relative to the main flow (against the impeller rotation) are most efficient in reducing the tone levels. While it is principally possible to control acoustic modes at the blade passing frequency as well as at its harmonics, the injected mass flow rates and circumferential nozzle positions necessary for reducing two different blade tone harmonics are generally not the same. However, when using slit nozzles the differences between the circumferential nozzle positions where significant level reductions of two dominant acoustic modes can be observed can be reduced down to 4% of a stator vane pitch. Future studies will involve two rings of injection nozzles at close axial distance to reduce two dominant blade tone acoustic modes simultaneously. Finally, experiments are also planned with a model fan stage of a modern high bypass ratio aircraft engine.
Current Pattern of Cleft Lip and Palate Deformities in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Fadeyibi Idowu O. , Adeniyi Abiola A. , Jewo Peter I. , Saalu Luca C. , Fasawe Adedolapo A. , Ademiluyi Samuel A. 
Published: September 2011

Objective To evaluate the current pattern of cleft lip and/or palate deformities in Lagos, Nigeria. Design Descriptive epidemiology. Setting Statewide survey of patients. Participants/Methods All patients with cleft lip and palate deformities that were seen during a screening program for individuals with orofacial deformities in Lagos, Nigeria, between June 2006 and May 2008 participated in this study. Demographic data were collected and physical examinations carried out. Cleft lip and/or palate deformities were classified using the Kernahan classification for common cases and the Tessier classification for the atypical cleft defects. Results A total of 225 patients were enrolled and completed the study. Cleft lip and palate was the most common presentation and was found in nearly 45% of the patients. Cleft lip was found in 61 (27%) patients. Twenty patients (8.89%) with different types of rare orofacial cleft deformities were seen. Cleft lip with or without cleft alveolus deformities occurred more commonly among males; whereas, cleft palate was more common among females. Cleft lip and/ or palate occurred more frequently among males. Cleft lip with or without cleft alveolus was found predominantly on the left side. Conclusions The pattern of cleft lip and/or palate deformities in Lagos, Nigeria, is different from those of other parts of Nigeria in some aspects. The proportion and varieties of atypical orofacial deformities in the study are striking. The prevalence of cleft lip and/or palate deformities in the study was 2.25 per 100,000. There may be an association between the prevalence of atypical deformities and the high level of environmental pollutants in the Lagos area.
Laying Procedures in Deep Water and Severe Environmental Conditions
Authors: Bianchi Stefano 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
This paper describes some of the problems which have been met during the laying, with SAIPEM's semi-submersible lay vessel Castoro Sei, of multiple gas lines across the Strait of Messina in 1979 and across the Channel of Sicily, the latter project being still under way.
A description is given of the mathematical models which have been utilized since the early project design stages and later for control of actual laying. The presentation includes description of specific techniques and solutions adopted for overcoming particular difficulties met during the performance of the work.
The following items are presented:
Description of laying parameters in the Channel of Sicily. Problems related to very deep water pipelaying. Tri-dimensional mathematical model; design and monitoring of stress status. Abandonment and recovery in very deep water. Description of problems caused by irregular seabed in deep water; use of a manned submarine for guided pipelaying along corridors cleared by means of explosives. Problems related to currents.
Helicopter Offshore Operations
Authors: Evans M. J. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
The subject of this paper is "Helicopter Support to Offshore". The paper confines itself to the North Sea environment and attempts to show how the helicopter and its supporting services have been developed to meet the requirements of the oil industry.
The North Sea operation represented a challenging task to helicopter operators as indeed it did to the oil industry. Firstly this was the first time that all personnel involved offshore had to be ferried by helicopter: previously helicopters had only been used for the transportation of key people or management staff. Secondly, the weather extremes were quite unlike any that the oil industry had experienced elsewhere in the world; in this area calm foggy days alternate with gale force winds accompanied by heavy rain sleet and snow depending upon the season.
It was therefore this sort of environment that the helicopter had to meet and overcome when offshore operations commenced in the North Sea in 1965. The operation was closely controlled by the government authority who placed it in the public transport category thus ensuring that a minimum standard of operation would be achieved.
Helicopter operations in support of UK offshore drilling commenced in the Southern half of the North Sea. This support continues to the gas fields which were subsequently found. In 1968 the exploration moved North to 57° North and two years later to 61° North (Figure 1 and 2). Support for the oil and gas fields in the North continues and represents by far the largest part of the North Sea Operation being mounted predominantly from Aberdeen and Shetland.
Prior to 1965 there was very little experience of using helicopters for the purpose of public transport and therefore the offshore support represented a new beginning. It was immediately apparent that if the transportation of people was to be successful it had to be safe and efficient. By efficient is meant a frequent and regular service. The helicopter therefore was required to meet certain basic criteria.
British Civil Airworthiness Requirements stated that helicopters operating over the water would need to meet a Group A2 Performance category. The history of helicopter development had shown that forced landings, as a result of transmission failures, were more frequent than aeroplanes. Therefore the helicopter had to meet the provision of a safe emergency alighting capability in the likely sea states.
The Brent Field, A Reservoir Engineering Review
Authors: Bath P. G. , Fowler W. N. , Russell M. P. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
The Brent Field, found by well 211/29-1 in August 1971, was the first discovery in the Northern North Sea and is one of the largest hydrocarbon accumulations in the United Kingdom. It is located in about 140m (470 feet) of water approximately 160 km (100 miles) northeast of the Shetland Islands. The field has two major separate accumulations: one in the Middle Jurassic (Brent reservoir) and the other in the Lower Jurassic (Statfjord reservoir). Estimated recoveries are 250 million m3 (1600 million barrels) of oil and 100 billion m3 (3.6 trillion cubic feet) of gas, with roughly two-thirds coming from the Brent reservoir and the remaindeĩ from the Statfjord reservoir.
Brent reservoir oil is volatile and its properties vary with depth. The paper discusses the problems that arose when modelling this fluid system on the computer for development planning studies. Fluid samples taken at various depths by the Formation Interval Tester served to define the position of the gas/oil contact in the Brent reservoir.
Production started in 1976 from the first of four platforms. The production build-up continues and a pipeline has been laid to transport the oil to the terminal at Sullom Voe in the Shetland Islands. Starting in 1981 gas will be piped to Scotland where it will be processed and the dry gas stream sold to the British Gas Corporation.
Production is from rows of wells completed in single zones. These wells will subsequently be recompleted in the next higher zone when the existing completion waters out. Reservoir pressure is being maintained by water injection. Computer model studies were used to optimise well positioning, pressure levels, recoveries and production planning. Numerous Repeat Formation Tester pressure measurements have been taken and are an invaluable aid in defining the zones and monitoring reservoir performance. Several wells have high gas-oil ratios or water cuts: however, well performance has generally been good with individual well rates of up to 4800 m3/d (30, 000 b/d).
Frigg Transportation Metering Systems
Authors: Doucet Andre 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Frigg gas field produces roughly a third of Britain's natural gas supply. The field's geographical location, straddling the dividing line of the Anglo-Norwegian shelf, and the pipeline's extended usage since the connection of Piper and Tartan fields, have given to Saint Fergus custody transfer metering system an outstanding duty.
Improvement of instrumentation, equipment and installation of methods of calibration and operation is a constant care for the Operator, who also prepares the future. Differential pressure cells were replaced, insertion type of density cells were replaced into metering tube pockets, statistical study of calibration sheets was performed to establish instruments and system accuracy and modern techniques will be used to increase flexibility and control of the 2 metering stations.
A Pressure LNG System
Authors: Faridany Edward K. M. , Ffooks Roger C. , Meikle Robin B. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
The concept of carrying LNG under pressure is not new. Considerable test work on LNG stored at 1150 psig/–75°F and 200 psig/-175°F was carried out in the U.S.A. in the early 1960's; this work culminated in the conversion of the Liberty ship renamed ‘Sigalpha’ to carry between 820 MCF at 200 psig and 1150 MCF at 1150 psig of compressed LNG.
The basic idea(1) which remains valid today, was to reduce substantially the size and cost of the liquefaction plant at the expense of increased storage costs; the net effect being a significant overall cost saving in the transportation cost of LNG. Unfortunately, the cost of the multi vessel, high pressure, storage which had, of course, to be installed not only at the liquefaction plant but also on the ships and at the reception terminal, became much more expensive than expected and eventually absorbed the entire cost savings obtained in the liquefaction process.
The pressure concept thus went into ‘suspended animation’ until, in 1975, one of the original inventors of the system conceived a multi-lobe storage tank design which, at the somewhat lower pressure range of around 312-412 atmospheres, enables LNG to be processed, stored and transported at an extremely competitive cost. The multi-lobe design in essence eliminates all the major disadvantages of multi vessel storage whilst still enabling advantage to be taken of the reduced liquefaction plant size and cost – and it is this fact together with certain other characteristics relating to cargo handling and safety which mate the concept particularly suited to offshore projects.
Offshore Natural Gas – How to Convey it to Potential Markets?
Authors: Backhaus Herbert W. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to appraise the possible future role for natural gas from offshore areas, – under the assumption that a fair number of known and future deposits cannot be exploited by means of submarine pipelines. As a solution, offshore located natural gas converting plants seem to be viable, both from the technical and the economic point of view. In order to quantify this statement, a marginal offshore gas field has been assumed, offering a total reserve capacity of approx. 10 billion standard cubic meters, located at a distance of 250 nautical miles from the coast, at a water depth of 60 meters. For this hypothetical field the offshore production of electricity, methanol, ammonia and LNG has been investigated – dealing with involved technologies and required investments.
A Review of Unconventional Disposal Routes for Offshore Gas and Gas Liquids
Authors: Thomas Jeremy R. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Historically, the presence of gas in an oilfield has been regarded as a mixed blessing. In the more distant past, in petroleum production terms, the very word ‘gas’ was enough to strike terror into the hearts of drillers, who were so ill-equipped to harness or even to tame the invisible enemy.
A little gas in an oilfield – sufficient that is, to provide fuel for production operations – is obviously highly desirable, more so if it remains available throughout the field's oil producing life. However, as is so often the case, life is seldom so convenient. Much more likely is the oilfield that produces (and has to produce) abundant quantities of gases simultaneously with the oil. Gone are the days (and quite rightly so) when these gases could simply be flared. Even in the Middle East, in fields remote from processing facilities, remote from markets and with still substantial oil reserves the pressure is on, to avoid wasting gas. In some instances, producers of oil have insisted that gas be lifted simultaneously with crude oil in their efforts to avoid being left with a product more difficult to handle and market than the oil that everyone wants.
Turning to the offshore NW European arena, we see a close parallel, but with a compressed time scale. Early discoveries of gas in the southern basin of the North Sea were of unassociated gas; relatively simple production platforms, dry gas pipelines and minimal offshore and onshore processing enabled rapid and uncomplicated exploitation, with only modest quantities of condensates requiring disposal onshore. First discoveries of oil in more northerly waters were greeted with such rapture by all that no one seemed too concerned about gas – from some of the literature at the time, one almost gets the impression that the only problem was how to construct flare booms big enough to handle the quantities of gas involved! How different from today when no one would even think of flaring as any other than the shortest of short term palliatives.
Numerical Modelling of Sharp Flood Fronts in Two-Dimensional Two-Phase Flow
Authors: Jackson Charles P. , Rae John 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
A brief review is made of the state of the art in computing the motion of sharp flood fronts in immiscible flow. The mathematical and computational difficulties are underlined and methods which are feasible for twodimensional simulators are selected for further study. The strengths and weaknesses of these methods are discussed and a detailed example given.
Boron and phosphorous free nickel-based filler metals for brazing stainless steel in shielding gas furnaces
Authors: Bach Friedrich-Wilhelm , Möhwald Kai , Holländer Ulrich , Schaup Jörg , Langohr Andre , Roxlau Christian 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
For high volume manufacturing of many stainless steel components, a continuous brazing process using a shielding gas furnace is usually preferred. Regarding the workability of the nickel-based brazes used here, furnace brazing in reducing or inert shielding gas is subject to considerable constraints: On the one hand, the maximum brazing temperatures are limited by the specific process and, on the other hand, limitations arise caused by the chemical reaction of the materials to be brazed with the process atmosphere. For this reason, the braze materials are an essential starting point for improving the process. In the present contribution, modified nickel-based brazes are introduced which meet the process conditions in continuous shielding gas furnaces and offer the prospect of improving the properties of stainless steel components joined in this way.
Thermochemistry of brazing ceramics and metals in air
Authors: Bobzin Kirsten , Schläfer Thomas , Kopp Nils 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Reactive air brazing offers economically and technologically advantageous joining of ceramics to metals. Solid oxide fuel cells and membranes for oxyfuel combustion are recent fields of application. However, it remains a problem that strong metallurgical reactions between brazes and base materials occur. These reactions were analysed by differential scanning calorimetry tests to get a better understanding. Therefore, three braze alloys (Ag8Cu, Ag8Cu0.5Ti and Ag4Cu4Ni) and five base materials (alumina, 3YSZ partially stabilised zirconia, BSCF perovskite ceramic, X1CrTiLa22 and X15CrNiSi25-20) were investigated. The reaction peaks correlate with the formation of reaction layers, which were observed in metallographic analysis of brazed specimens. The results help to explain the reaction mechanisms and allow optimised selection of filler metals and brazing temperature.
Consolidation behaviour during manufacture of adapted piezoceramic modules for functional integrated thermoplastic composite structures
Authors: Hufenbach Werner , Gude Maik , Modler Niels , Heber Thomas 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
For the series production of adaptive fibre-reinforced thermoplastic structures, the development of process-adapted piezoceramic modules is gaining central importance. Thermoplastic-compatible piezoceramic modules are being developed which are suitable for a matrix-homogeneous adhesive-free integration of the modules in fibre-reinforced thermoplastic structures during a simultaneous welding process.
Aiming at the continuous improvement of the novel module design and its manufacturing technology based on a hot-pressing technology, an adapted physical nonlinear simulation model was developed in order to analyze the material and process dependent function and consolidation behaviour. Special regard is given to residual stresses caused by different coefficients of thermal expansion of the component materials and their specific use to enhance the module performance.