bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data‐Driven Pareto Optimization for Microalloyed Steels Using Genetic Algorithms
Authors: Kumar Aman , Chakrabarti Debalay , Chakraborti Nirupam 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA data base was put together for the mechanical properties of microalloyed steels, which contained about 800 entries for ultimate tensile strength (UTS), yield strength (YS), and elongation. Using an evolutionary neural network, based upon a predator–prey genetic algorithms of bi‐objective type, this information was used to construct data‐driven models for UTS, YS, and elongation. The optimum Pareto tradeoffs between these properties were obtained using a multi‐objective genetic algorithm. The results led to some hitherto unexplored steel compositions with optimum properties. Some such steels were actually cast and the experimentally observed property values were found to be well in accord with the predicted results.
P2X receptors in bone
Authors: Gartland Alison 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBone is a dynamic organ that from the early stages of development defines an organism's form and function and responds to the external environment, a process that continues as the organism grows and persists even once maturity is reached. The formation, growth, and integrity of bone are co‐ordinated and maintained throughout life via the finely tuned actions of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, with disruption in this balance leading to skeletal abnormalities and bone disease. The precise complement of mechanisms balancing these actions is not fully known, although several regulatory systems are known to be involved and current treatments for bone disease target these systems. The actions of purinergic signaling in bone have come to light over the past 20 years or so, but previously the emphasis was largely placed upon G‐protein coupled P2Y receptors. This article details the current status of P2X receptors in bone, mainly focussing on the P2X7 receptor for which the most compelling evidence exists for its regulatory role in bone. The contribution of other P2X receptors to bone biology and future directions are also discussed. WIREs Membr Transp Signal 2012, 1:221–227. doi: 10.1002/wmts.26For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Metabotropic glutamate receptor‐mediated signaling in neuroglia
Authors: Loane David J. , Stoica Bogdan A. , Faden Alan I. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractMetabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors are G‐protein‐coupled receptors, including eight subtypes classified into three groups (I–III) based upon sequence homology, signal transduction mechanism and pharmacological profile. Although most studied with regard to neuronal function and modulation, mGlu receptors are also expressed by neuroglia—including astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes. Activation of mGlu receptors on neuroglia under both physiologic and pathophysiologic conditions mediates numerous actions that are essential for intrinsic glial cell function, as well as for glial–neuronal interactions. Astrocyte mGlu receptors play important physiological roles in regulating neurotransmission and maintaining neuronal homeostasis. However, mGlu receptors on astrocytes and microglia also serve to modulate cell death and neurological function in a variety of pathophysiological conditions such as acute and chronic neurodegenerative disorders. The latter effects are complex and bidirectional, depending on which mGlu receptor subtypes are activated. WIREs Membr Transp Signal 2012, 1:136–150. doi: 10.1002/wmts.30For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptor degradation pathways
Authors: Wojcikiewicz Richard J. H. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractWe know where cellular proteins come from, but know very little about where they go. This is a fairly accurate generalization, since a great deal of emphasis has been placed on understanding the synthesis of proteins, the regulation of their synthesis, and if appropriate, their posttranslational modification, assembly into complexes, and insertion into membranes. In contrast, very little attention has been paid to the details of protein turnover—cellular proteins only have a limited lifetime and are somehow degraded to be replaced by new copies, but how? This generalization is certainly applicable to inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate (IP3) receptors. In summary, it seems that under resting conditions, IP3 receptors are slowly disposed of in a nonspecific manner that may involve trafficking to lysosomes, whereas activated IP3 receptors are rapidly and selectively degraded by the ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway. WIREs Membr Transp Signal 2012, 1:126–135. doi: 10.1002/wmts.4For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Structural Effect of Lignans and Sesamol on Polymerization of Soybean Oil at Frying Temperature
Authors: Hwang Hong‐Sik , Winkler‐Moser Jill K. , Liu Sean X. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe antipolymerization activity of the lignans including nordihydroguaiaretic acid, (+)‐pinoresinol, (−)‐secoisolariciresinol, enterodiol, and two sesame lignans (sesamol and sesamin), and four model compounds (4‐ethylcatechol, 2‐methoxy‐4‐propylphenol, 4‐methyl‐2,6‐dimethoxyphenol, and piperonyl alcohol) were investigated for soybean oil at frying temperature (180 °C). The heated samples were analyzed by gel‐permeation chromatography for polymerized triacylglycerols and by 1H NMR to monitor the decrease in peak intensities for bisallylic protons and olefinic protons. The heating test results were compared with ability to scavenge the radical 2,2′‐azinobis‐(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) to understand the relationship between radical‐scavenging ability at room temperature and antipolymerization activity at 180 °C. It was found that the antipolymerization activity of a lignan at frying temperature cannot be predicted solely from the radical‐scavenging ability at room temperature. The lignans tested in this research had antipolymerization activity, but it was not as strong as that of 200 ppm tert‐butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) with equivalent of phenolic moiety (0.0012 meq/g). At higher concentrations, however, sesamol, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, and (+)‐pinoresinol had better antipolymerization activity than the legal limit set for TBHQ (200 ppm, 0.0012 meq/g). Therefore, this research showed that by using an appropriate concentration, these natural antioxidants can replace synthetic antioxidants and provide better antioxidation activity.
Process quality improvement: An examination of general vs. outcome‐specific climate and practices in hospitals
Authors: Boyer Kenneth K. , Gardner John W. , Schweikhart Sharon 
Published: January 2012

AbstractDespite numerous efforts to foster quality improvement in healthcare, much of the extant data and research indicate that substantial shortcomings in the delivery of effective and reliable care remain. This research examines both general and outcome‐specific operations management efforts and their impact on delivering quality healthcare. We empirically test a conceptual framework of safety culture that accounts for the use of general quality practices as well as outcome‐specific approaches in light of the general and more focused climates in which those practices are embedded. We utilize structural equation modeling to analyze a unique pairing of primary data from a survey of quality improvement directors and chief nursing officers at 272 hospitals across the U.S. with secondary data on process of care performance publicly reported by the federal government's Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). General safety climate and quality practices are found to establish an environment in which outcome‐specific efforts enable process quality improvement. A split‐group SEM analysis highlights significant differences in managing healthcare safety outcomes through climate and practices. In particular, the employment of practices focused on the specific outcome goals is found to relate to higher quality of patient care in smaller hospitals. In contrast, the development of a climate focused on specific outcome goals is found to relate to higher quality of patient care in larger hospitals. These findings suggest alternative approaches for small and large hospitals in the critical effort to improve patient safety and reduce healthcare costs.
Too much of a good thing: The impact of product variety on operations and sales performance
Authors: Wan Xiang , Evers Philip T. , Dresner Martin E. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractWe examine the impact of product variety decisions on an operational measure – unit fill rate – and on sales performance. Results are estimated using weekly data over three years from 108 distribution centers of a major soft drink bottler. Our results show that fill rates are negatively associated with product variety at a diminishing rate. In addition, we examine the total effect of product variety on sales including both the direct effect and the indirect effect through operations performance. The total impact of product variety on sales initially is positive, although at a diminishing rate. However, beyond a certain level, increased product variety actually results in lower sales; that is, “too much of a good thing”. Thus, the findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the impact of product variety on operations and sales performance.
Breeding for reduced methane emissions in extensive UK sheep systems
Authors: COTTLE D. J. , CONINGTON J. 
Published: January 2012

SUMMARYSelection index theory was used to model the effects of methane (CH4) production in the breeding objective on genetic responses in Scottish Blackface sheep in hill production systems in the UK. A range of economic values (EVs) were assumed for CH4 production calculated from possible carbon prices (£/t CO2 equivalent (CO2-e)). The implicit price of carbon required for maintenance of CH4 levels or to reduce CH4 production by 0·1 kg/head/yr in a hill flock was calculated. The predicted genetic changes in CH4 production from current selection programmes that have an implicit methane EV of zero were calculated. Correlations between production traits and CH4 production were sampled from assumed normal distributions, as these correlations are currently unknown. Methane emissions are likely to increase at a rate of c. 3 kg CO2-e/ewe/yr as a result of using current industry selection indices in hill sheep farming systems in the UK. Breeding objectives for more productive hill sheep include reducing lamb losses and rearing more, heavier lambs. By placing a cost on carbon emissions to halt the genetic increase in methane, heavy penalties will be incurred by farmers in terms of reduced productivity. This amounts to £6/ewe/yr or a 5% discounted loss of £2851 per 100 ewe flock over a 10-year selection horizon. If the correlations between production traits and CH4 are positive (as expected) then an implicit carbon price of c. £272/t CO2-e is required for no genetic increase in CH4 production if methane is not measured and c. £50/t CO2-e if methane could be measured. Achievement of government targets for the whole economy of a 20% reduction in greenhouse gases (GHGs) over a 30-year period would require carbon prices (/t CO2-e) of £1396 (indirect selection) or £296 (direct selection) for the sheep industry to achieve a 20% reduction entirely via a genetic change of c. –0·1 kg methane/head/yr. These carbon prices are placed in the context of possible government policies. A combination of genetic and non-genetic measures will probably be required for cost-effective reduction in methane production to meet government targets.
Accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosing thyroid cartilage and thyroid gland invasion by squamous cell carcinoma in laryngectomy patients
Authors: Kinshuck A J , Goodyear P W A , Lancaster J , Roland N J , Jackson S , Hanlon R , Lewis-Jones H , Sheard J , Jones T M 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectives:We examined the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging in assessing thyroid cartilage and thyroid gland invasion in patients undergoing total laryngectomy for squamous cell carcinoma, by comparing histopathology results with imaging findings.Study design:A retrospective study reviewed histology and magnetic resonance scan results for all total laryngectomies performed between 1998–2008 at University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool.Methods:Pre-operative magnetic resonance images were reviewed independently by two consultant head and neck radiologists masked to the histology; their opinions were then compared with histology findings.Results:Eighty-one magnetic resonance scans were reviewed. There were 22 laryngectomy patients with histologically verified thyroid cartilage invasion and one patient with thyroid gland invasion. There were 31 patients with apparent radiological thyroid cartilage invasion pre-operatively (with 17 false positives), giving sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 64, 71, 45 and 84 per cent, respectively. On assessing thyroid gland invasion, there were nine false positive scans and no false negative scans, giving sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 100, 89, 10 and 100 per cent, respectively.Conclusion:Magnetic resonance scanning over-predicts thyroid cartilage and gland invasion in patients undergoing total laryngectomy. Magnetic resonance scans have limited effectiveness in predicting thyroid cartilage invasion by squamous cell carcinoma in laryngectomy patients.
Synaptic state matching: a dynamical architecture for predictive internal representation and feature perception
Authors: Tavazoie Saeed 
Published: January 2012

AbstractHere we consider the possibility that a fundamental function of sensory cortex is the generation of an internal simulation of sensory environment in real-time. A logical elaboration of this idea leads to a dynamical neural architecture that oscillates between two fundamental network states, one driven by external input, and the other by recurrent synaptic drive in the absence of sensory input. Synaptic strength is modified by a proposed synaptic state matching (SSM) process that ensures equivalence of spike statistics between the two network states. Remarkably, SSM, operating locally at individual synapses, generates accurate and stable network-level predictive internal representations, enabling pattern completion and unsupervised feature detection from noisy sensory input. SSM is a biologically plausible substrate for learning and memory because it brings together sequence learning, feature detection, synaptic homeostasis, and network oscillations under a single parsimonious computational framework.
Psychische Gesundheit in der Arbeitswelt aus der Sicht von Betriebs- und Werksärzten
Authors: Dietrich Sandra , Mergl Roland , Rummel-Kluge Christine , Stengler Katarina 
Published: January 2012

Zusammenfassung
Anliegen Wie schätzen Betriebs-/Werksärzte Prävalenz und Umgang mit psychischen Erkrankungen ein?
Methode Befragung von Betriebs- und Werksärzten.
Ergebnisse Krankschreibungen und Erwerbsunfähigkeit aufgrund psychischer Erkrankungen nehmen zu. In 65,4 % der Unternehmen gibt es keine Präventionsprogramme. Information und Aufklärung sind wichtige Präventionsmaßnahmen.
Schlussfolgerungen Handlungsbedarf besteht bei der Aus- und Weiterbildung von Arbeitsmedizinern und der Implementierung von Präventionsmaßnahmen.
Ketamininduzierte Vesikopathie
Authors: Bader Markus , Lieb Martin , Palm Ulrich , Stief Christian , Baghai Thomas 
Published: January 2012

ZusammenfassungWir berichten über einen 25-jährigen Patienten mit jahrelangem transnasalem Ketaminmissbrauch, der sich mit starken irritativen Miktionsbeschwerden (imperativer Harndrang, Pollakis- und Dysurie) sowie stärkster Algurie vorstellte. Zystoskopisch zeigte sich das Bild einer erosiven Zystitis, die bei Fehlen konkurrierender Ätiologien als ketamininduzierte Vesikopathie verstanden werden muss. Trotz intensiver Motivation konnte der Patient nicht zu einer Ketaminabstinenz bewegt werden, sodass nach 2-maligen frustranen Heilversuchen durch Injektion von 200 I. E. sowie 400 I. E. Botulinumtoxin A in die Harnblase eine prostataerhaltende Zystektomie und Anlage einer Ileumneoblase erforderlich wurde.
On the classification of irreducible representations of affine Hecke algebras with unequal parameters
Authors: Solleveld Maarten 
Published: January 2012

Let

R

\mathcal R

be a root datum with affine Weyl group

W
W

, and let

H

=

H

(

R

,
q
)

\mathcal H = \mathcal H (\mathcal R,q)

be an affine Hecke algebra with positive, possibly unequal, parameters

q
q

. Then

H

\mathcal H

is a deformation of the group algebra

C

[
W
]

\mathbb {C} [W]

, so it is natural to compare the representation theory of

H

\mathcal H

and of

W
W

.

We define a map from irreducible

H

\mathcal H

-representations to

W
W

-representations and we show that, when extended to the Grothendieck groups of finite dimensional representations, this map becomes an isomorphism, modulo torsion. The map can be adjusted to a (nonnatural) continuous bijection from the dual space of

H

\mathcal H

to that of

W
W

. We use this to prove the affine Hecke algebra version of a conjecture of Aubert, Baum and Plymen, which predicts a strong and explicit geometric similarity between the dual spaces of

H

\mathcal H

and

W
W

.

An important role is played by the Schwartz completion

S

=

S

(

R

,
q
)

\mathcal S = \mathcal S (\mathcal R,q)

of

H

\mathcal H

, an algebra whose representations are precisely the tempered

H

\mathcal H

-representations. We construct isomorphisms

ζ
ϵ

:

S

(

R

,

q
ϵ

)
→

S

(

R

,
q
)

(
ϵ
>
0
)

\zeta _\epsilon : \mathcal S (\mathcal R,q^\epsilon ) \to \mathcal S (\mathcal R,q) \; (\epsilon >0)

and injection

ζ
0

:

S

(
W
)
=

S

(

R

,

q
0

)
→

S

(

R

,
q
)

\zeta _0 : \mathcal S (W) = \mathcal S (\mathcal R,q^0) \to \mathcal S (\mathcal R,q)

, depending continuously on

ϵ
\epsilon

.

Although

ζ
0

\zeta _0

is not surjective, it behaves like an algebra isomorphism in many ways. Not only does

ζ
0

\zeta _0

extend to a bijection on Grothendieck groups of finite dimensional representations, it also induces isomorphisms on topological

K
K

-theory and on periodic cyclic homology (the first two modulo torsion). This proves a conjecture of Higson and Plymen, which says that the

K
K

-theory of the

C
∗

C^*

-completion of an affine Hecke algebra

H

(

R

,
q
)

\mathcal H (\mathcal R,q)

does not depend on the parameter(s)

q
q

.
Powdery Mildew Caused by Golovinomyces orontii on Creeping Bellflower (Campanula rapunculoides) in Italy
Authors: Garibaldi A. , Bertetti D. , Poli A. , Gullino M. L. 
Published: January 2012

Creeping (June) bellflower (Campanula rapunculoides) is an herbaceous plant belonging to the Campunalaceae family. It has showy flowers, which is very much appreciated for gardens and landscaping. During the summer of 2011, 6- to 9-month-old plants grown in a garden near Biella (northern Italy) showed signs and symptoms of an unknown powdery mildew. The adaxial leaf surfaces were covered with white mycelia and conidia, while the abaxial surfaces were less infected. As the disease progressed, infected leaves turned yellow and wilted. Mycelia were also observed on stems, petioles, and flower calyxes of inflorescences. Seventy percent of plants were diseased. Conidia were hyaline, elliptical to ovoid (sometimes doliform), borne in short chains (up to three conidia per chain), and measured 27 to 42 (34) × 16 to 24 (19) μm. Conidiophores were erect with a cylindrical foot cell measuring 64 to 105 (80) × 11 to 12 (11) μm and followed by two shorter cells measuring 17 to 24 (20) × 11 to 15 (13) μm. Fibrosin bodies were absent. Chasmothecia were not observed in the collected samples. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA was amplified using the primers ITS1F/ITS4 and sequenced (3) (GenBank Accession No. JN639855). The 405-bp amplicon had 98% homology with the sequence of Golovinomyces orontii GQ183948. Pathogenicity was confirmed through inoculation by gently pressing diseased leaves onto leaves of healthy C. rapunculoides plants. Three plants were inoculated while the same number of noninoculated plants served as a control. Plants were maintained outside at temperatures from 10 to 26°C. Fifteen days after inoculation, symptoms and signs of powdery mildew developed on inoculated plants. The conidial morphology of the powdery mildew fungus that developed on inoculated plants was identical to the conidial morphology observed in the original fungus. Noninoculated plants remained healthy. The pathogenicity test was carried out twice. G. orontiii has been reported on C. rapunculoides in several eastern European countries as well as in Switzerland and Germany (1,2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of the disease in Italy. The economic importance of this disease is currently limited in Italy because of limited planting of this host. References: (1) A. Bolay. Cryptogam. Helv. 20:1, 2005. (2) U. Braun. The Powdery Mildews (Erysiphales) of Europe. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany, 1995. (3) T. J. White et al. PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. M. A. Innis et al., eds. Academic Press, San Diego, 1990.
The Perfect Stage of Powdery Mildew of Grapevine Caused by Erysiphe necator Found in Peru
Authors: Bendezú-Euribe M. V. , Alvarez L. A. 
Published: January 2012

Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) has been cultivated in Peru since the sixteenth century to produce wine and grape brandy called “Pisco”. Grapevine powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe necator (Schwein.) (formerly Uncinula necator [Schw.] Burr.; anamorph Oidium tuckeri) is currently the most important disease of grapevine in Peru. Table grape producers rely heavily on fungicide applications to manage powdery mildew infections. In Peru, the pathogen is normally found in the anamorphic state, except for one report of the teleomorphic state in 1972 (2) on wine grape varieties. In July 2011, ascomata were observed on table grapevine leaves cv. Sugraone in a commercial field near Huaral in the central coast of Peru. Abundant, mature (black) and immature (brown), globose ascocarps were visible on the abaxial leaf surfaces covered by the anamorphic state of the fungus. The chasmothecia were epiphyllous and ranged from 93.3 to 157.5 μm in diameter. The appendages were hyaline, variable in number (9 to 17), septate, with the apex helicoid when mature, and measuring 310 to 480 μm long. Each ascocarp contained four to seven subglobose asci (55.3 to 76.7 × 36.3 to 52.0 μm) with two to six (mostly three) ascospores. The ascospores were elliptical, hyaline, and measured 20.2 to 25.0 μm long by 11.1 to 17.3 μm wide. The pathogen was identified as E. necator on the basis of the host genus and morphology of the teleomorph (1). The teleomorphic state of E. necator could be a source of primary inoculum before infection by anamorphic conidia occurs, provide the basis for genetic recombination, and lead to more frequent appearance of new races. This could have serious implications for managing fungicide resistance in the pathogen population and may also result in the development of virulence to the resistance of some grape varieties tolerant to powdery mildew infections. In South America, the teleomorph of E. necator has been recently detected in Chile (3), and has caused great concern among grape producers. To our knowledge, this finding represents a first record of the presence of the ascigenous state of the pathogen on table grapes in Peru. References: (1) U. Braun. A Monograph of the Erysiphales (powdery mildews). J. Cramer, Berlin-Stuttgart, 1987. (2) S. L. Dongo and M. E. Arestegui. Fitopatologia 8:35, 1973. (3) F. Riveros et al. Aconex 83:24, 2004.