bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-Reported Social Determinants of Health and Area-Level Social Vulnerability
Authors: Brignone Emily , LeJeune Keith , Mihalko Amanda E. , Shannon Amy L. , Sinoway Lawrence I. 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceMany health care systems are investing resources in identifying social determinants of health (SDoH) needs and facilitating interventions among the populations they serve. Because self-reported SDoH information is lacking, area-level measures are often used to estimate needs and direct resources.ObjectiveTo describe the large-scale deployment of SDoH assessments by a health system and determine the extent to which self-reported SDoH needs identified therein are associated with census tract–level social vulnerability measured using the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study assessed SDoH needs between January 1, 2020, and April 30, 2023, in both payer and clinical care settings. Modalities included telephonic outreach, face-to-face clinical interactions, self-entry into a tablet or kiosk, and web-based survey tools. Participants included individuals who responded to the assessment and had sufficient information for census tract identification. Respondents included both Highmark Health Plan members and nonmembers. Health plan members responded to the assessment through health plan programs or platforms, and both members and nonmembers responded to assessments during inpatient or outpatient encounters with the affiliated health system.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOverall and domain-specific SDoH needs self-reported through assessments, and severity and complexity of needs identified. Residential social vulnerability measures included overall SVI and the 4 conceptual themes comprising overall SVI.ResultsIn total, 841 874 assessments were recorded for 401 697 individuals (55.1% women; median [IQR] age, 55 [41-70] years). Social determinants of health needs were identified in 120 769 assessments (14.3%). Across all SDoH domains, increasing SVI was associated with a higher positivity rate (eg, 11.2% of those residing in the lowest-risk SVI quintile reported a need compared with 22.7% among those residing in the highest-risk quintile). Associations varied by SDoH domain and SVI theme. After adjusting for demographic and screening characteristics, odds of positive screening among those residing in the highest-risk SVI quintile were 1.74 (95% CI, 1.62-1.86) to 3.73 (95% CI, 3.48-4.00) times the odds among those residing in lowest risk quintile.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study, the overall level of SDoH needs generally corresponded to area-level vulnerability. Some SDoH domains appeared far more sensitive to community characteristics than others. Notably, even among individuals from the highest-risk areas, the positive screening rate was roughly 1 in 4. These findings underscore the importance of individual-level SDoH data for service provision planning and health services research.
Risk and protective factors in risk assessment: Predicting inpatient aggression in adult males detained in a forensic mental health setting
Authors: Ireland Jane L. , Levtova Yara , Abi Semaan Christa‐Maria , Steene Lisa M. B. , Henrich Sören , Gaylor Lisa , Driemel Lina , Volz Sophie , Homann Julia , Dickopf Mareike , Greenwood Leah , Chu Simon 
Published: May 2024

AbstractStructured clinical risk assessments represent a preferred means of assessing levels of aggression risk at different times and in different individuals. Increasing attention has been given to capturing protective factors, with sound risk assessment critical to high‐secure forensic mental health care. The aim was to assess the predictive value of the HCR‐20v3 for aggression risk and the long‐term care pilot version of the SAPROF (the SAPROF‐LC‐pilot) in a high‐secure forensic mental health inpatient population and to determine the incremental value of protective over risk factors. Participants were adult males detained in a high secure forensic mental health service, with a primary diagnosis of schizophrenia and/or personality disorder. The focus was on examining hospital based aggression (self‐ and other‐directed) at two time points; up to 6 months (T1) and between 7 and 12 months (T2). The HCR‐20V3 and SAPROF‐LC‐pilot demonstrated good predictive validity but with variability across subscales and aggression types/periods. Historical factors of the HCR‐20V3 and External factors of the SAPROF‐LC‐pilot failed to predict, aside from a medium effect at T1 for verbal aggression and self‐harm, for Historical factors. There was evidence for protective factors adding to prediction over risk factors alone, with the integration of protective and risk factors into a risk judgement particularly helpful in improving prediction accuracy. Protective factors contributed to risk estimates and particularly if integrated with risk factors. Combining risk and protective factors has clear predictive advantages, ensuring that protective factors are not supplementary but important to the aggression assessment process.
Predicting Gout Flares in People Starting Allopurinol Using the Start‐Low Go‐Slow Dose Escalation Strategy
Authors: Stamp Lisa K. , Horne Anne , Mihov Borislav , Drake Jill , Haslett Janine , Chapman Peter , Frampton Christopher , Dalbeth Nicola 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveThe study objective was to determine predictors of gout flare when commencing allopurinol using the “start‐low go‐slow” dose escalation strategy.MethodsA post hoc analysis of a 12‐month double‐blind placebo‐controlled noninferiority trial with participants randomized 1:1 to colchicine 0.5 mg daily or placebo for the first six months was undertaken. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify independent predictors of gout flares in the first and last six months of the trial.ResultsMultivariable analysis revealed a significant association between risk of a gout flare in the first six months and flare in the month before starting allopurinol (odds ratio [OR] 2.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.36–5.17) and allopurinol 100 mg starting dose (OR 3.21, 95% CI 1.41–7.27). The predictors of any gout flares in the last six months of the trial, after stopping colchicine or placebo, were having received colchicine (OR 2.95, 95% CI 1.48–5.86), at least one flare in the month before stopping study drug (OR 5.39, 95% CI 2.21–13.15), and serum urate ≥0.36 mmol/L at month 6 (OR 2.85, 95% CI 1.14–7.12).ConclusionAnti‐inflammatory prophylaxis when starting allopurinol using the “start‐low go‐slow” dose escalation strategy may be best targeted at those who have had a gout flare in the month before starting allopurinol and are commencing allopurinol 100 mg daily. For those with ongoing gout flares during the first six months of starting allopurinol who have not yet achieved serum urate target, a longer period of prophylaxis may be required.
Ultra‐Fast Shape‐Deformation and Highly‐Sensitive Detection of 4D Printed Electromagnetic Architectures
Authors: Zhang Shanfei , Xu Yizhuo , Li Zhuofan , Li Yike , Lu Zhongjiu , Chen Xiaojun , Chen Peng , Chen Manhui , Zhang Pengyu , Cai Chao , Wang Qi , Su Bin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract4D printing is widely used in soft actuators, flexible electronic devices, and soft robotics. However, existing 4D printed architectures suffer from drawbacks such as long shape‐deformation response time or low sensitivity to external stimuli, which greatly limit their applications. To address these shortcomings, 4D printed electromagnetic architectures (EMAs) with both ultra‐fast shape‐deformation and highly‐sensitive detection capabilities have been proposed in this study. The EMA is composed of a 4D printed polymeric scaffold, along with magnetic and conductive parts. Experiments show that the EMA exhibits not only an ultra‐fast shape‐deformation response time as low as 0.007 s but also a high sensitivity to detect an external pressure down to 0.4 Pa, which is beyond records of all current 4D printing reports. Numerical simulation reveals the rapid shape‐deformation and sensing mechanism of EMAs. The effects of cell structures on the performances of EMAs are investigated by parameter optimization. Finally, a “sensing‐to‐deforming” system has been demonstrated, which can smartly distinguish objects by pressures and then trap or release them by the shape deformation. This work realized the effective coupling of ultra‐rapid shape‐deformation and ultra‐low stress sensing of 4D printed architectures and provided an effective method for integrated development of smart devices in deformation and sensing.
Directional Charge Carrier Management Enabled by Orderly Arranged Perovskite Heterodomain with Defined Size for Self‐Powered Photodetectors
Authors: Bao Yaqi , Li Maoxin , Jin Hangfan , Wang Xiaobo , Zeng Jie , Feng Yang , Hui Wei , Wang Dourong , Gu Lei , Zhang Jie , Hua Yikun , Wang Xiao , Xu Baomin , Chen Wei , Wu Zhongbin , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter , Song Lin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPerovskite planar heterojunction is reported to promote charge‐carrier separation at the interface due to the introduced built‐in potential, leading to improved charge‐carrier harvesting. However, the possible diffusion of charge carriers along the film lateral will increase their travel distance to respective electrodes, resulting in increased recombination probabilities. Constructing independent transport channels for positive and negative charge carriers individually is an efficient way to optimize the transport in the perovskite layer and thereby to achieve enhanced device performance. Here, a solution‐based strategy is proposed to fabricate lateral bulk heterojunction (BHJ) by arranging methylammonium‐based and formamidinium‐based perovskites alternately in an ordered array with controllable domains. The structure of perovskite heterodomain directs charge carrier transport along the film normal and limits in‐plane charge carrier diffusion. Moreover, the ordered perovskite array is found to greatly increase light harvesting. Consequently, the self‐powered photodetector based on the perovskite heterodomain with a thickness of only 250 nm achieves a specific detectivity exceeding 1 × 1014 Jones for weak light over the whole visible light spectrum. This work provides guidance toward the fabrication of perovskite lateral BHJ using solution processing, meeting the requirements not only for charge‐carrier manipulation but also for light management.
19.36% Efficiency Organic Solar Cells Based on Low‐Cost Terpolymer Donors with Simple Molecular Structures
Authors: Wu Xin , Zhang Xixi , Zhang Jinyuan , Wu Yilei , Li Jing , Kong Xiaolei , Li Zhenyu , Zhang Xinjia , Li Xinrui , Li Aoxiang , Yang Guang , Sun Chenkai 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLow cost and high performance are key elements for the industrialization of organic solar cells (OSCs). In view of this, developing highly‐efficient organic photovoltaic molecules with simple chemical structure is one of the most effective countermeasures. Herein, three simple‐structure terpolymers PTQ12‐5, PTQ12‐10, and PTQ12‐15 are designed and synthesized, by embedding difluoro‐substituted bithiophene (2T‐2F) unit into the backbone of low‐cost and high‐efficiency polymer PTQ10. The synthesis of three terpolymers contains only two‐step synthetic routes and over 85% synthetic yields from cheap raw compounds, thus exhibiting distinctly low‐cost characteristic. Remarkably, PTQ12‐5 shows significantly higher absorbance coefficient and hole mobility than PTQ10. Consequently, PTQ12‐5‐based OSCs shows more efficient exciton dissociation and charge transfer, suppressed carrier recombination, tighter molecular π‐π stacking, and faster and more balanced charge transport, thus demonstrates a significantly improved efficiency of 18.77% than that of PTQ10‐based device (18.03%). Moreover, an outstanding efficiency of 19.36% is achieved in PTQ12‐5‐based ternary device by further modulating the energy level alignment and blending features of photoactive molecules, which is the highest efficiency of OSCs based on low‐cost polymers to date. This work has significant implications for guiding the design of low‐cost and high‐performance organic photovoltaic materials.
Advanced Structural Engineering Design for Tailored Microporous Structure via Adjustable Graphite Sheet Angle to Enhance Sodium‐Ion Storage in Anthracite‐Based Carbon Anode
Authors: Zhao Yanhong , Hu Zhuang , Zhou Wang , Gao Peng , Liu Zhixiao , Liu Jinshui , Fan Changling , Liu Jilei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCarbon material has emerged as a highly promising anode for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) due to its abundance of resources, cost‐effectiveness, and high carbon yield. This work elaborately designs the precursor structure for the self‐assembly of melamine‐cyanuric acid on the anthracite surface through hydrogen bonding, and successfully constructs N‐doped carbon with tailored microstructure and expanded interlayer spacing. Serving as anode for SIBs, the optimized sample delivers high specific capacity (371.3 mAh g−1 at 0.05 A g−1), superior rate capability (295.8 mAh g−1 at 10.0 A g−1), and excellent ultra‐long cycling performance (the retention of 91.5% after 3000 cycles at 0.5 A g−1). The systematic investigations reveal the enhancement of sodium‐ion storage in the low‐voltage plateau region involving the interlayer intercalation coupled with nanopores filling. It is discovered that the microporous structure formed by the appropriate graphite sheet angle influences the migration and storage of sodium ions. Density functional theory calculations indicate that the adsorption capacity for sodium ion is enhanced and the migration energy barrier perpendicular to the graphite layer is reduced at the appropriate angle of 8°. This study provides novel insights into the sodium‐ion storage mechanism, offering guidance for the better design of anthracite‐based carbon anode with superior performance.
Ultrathin Non‐van der Waals Chromium Sulfide: Liquid Phase Exfoliation, Characterization, and Self‐Powered Photoelectrochemical Photodetector Application
Authors: Su Wenjie , Kuklin Artem , Jin Linghua , Ågren Hans , Zhang Ye 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the search for new advanced 2D materials for technological applications and to expand the research of non‐van der Waals (non‐vdW) 2D electronic devices, this study presents a novel strategy for liquid phase exfoliation (LPE) of non‐vdW Cr2S3 to produce Cr2S3 nanosheets (NSs). By utilizing N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP), bulk Cr2S3 is separated along the (001) plane, resulting in the formation of NSs with an average thickness of ≈3 nm. Various characterization techniques are applied to the Cr2S3 material before and after LPE. Subsequently, the obtained Cr2S3 NSs are integrated into a photoelectrochemical (PEC)‐type photodetector (PD) to evaluate the photoelectric conversion efficiency under varying conditions. The findings indicate that the developed PD exhibits a distinct self‐powered photodetection capability with a photocurrent (Pph) of 39.5 nA cm−2, a photoresponsivity (Rph) of 622 nA W−1, and a detectivity (D*) of 0.5 × 107 Jones under 350 nm irradiation at 0 V. Moreover, the PD demonstrates rapid response time (0.06 s) and good long‐term stability (over 15 days), thus providing valuable insight for the advancement of non‐vdW Cr2S3‐based optoelectronic devices.
Oral Administration Properties Evaluation of Three Milk‐Derived Extracellular Vesicles Based on Ultracentrifugation Extraction Methods
Authors: Xia Bozhang , Hu Runjing , Chen Junge , Shan Shaobo , Xu Fengfei , Zhang Gang , Zhou Ziran , Fan Yubo , Hu Zhongbo , Liang Xing‐Jie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMilk‐derived extracellular vesicles (M‐EVs) are low‐cost, can be prepared in large quantities, and can cross the gastrointestinal barrier for oral administration. However, the composition of milk is complex, and M‐EVs obtained by different extraction methods may affect their oral delivery. Based on this, a new method for extracting M‐EVs based on cryogenic freezing treatment (Cryo‐M‐EVs) is proposed and compared with the previously reported acetic acid treatment (Acid‐M‐EVs) method and the conventional ultracentrifugation method (Ulltr‐M‐EVs). The new method simplifies the pretreatment step and achieves 25‐fold and twofold higher yields than Acid‐M‐EVs and Ulltr‐M‐EVs. And it is interesting to note that Cryo‐M‐EVs and Acid‐M‐EVs have higher cellular uptake efficiency, and Cryo‐M‐EVs present the best transepithelial transport effect. After oral administration of the three M‐EVs extracted by three methods in mice, Cryo‐M‐EVs effectively successfully cross the gastrointestinal barrier and achieve hepatic accumulation, whereas Acid‐M‐EVs and Ultr‐M‐EVs mostly reside in the intestine. The M‐EVs obtained by the three extraction methods show a favorable safety profile at the cellular as well as animal level. Therefore, when M‐EVs obtained by different extraction methods are used for oral drug delivery, their accumulation properties at different sites can be utilized to better deal with different diseases.
Mott–Schottky Construction Boosted Plasmon Thermal and Electronic Effects on the Ag/CoV‐LDH Nanohybrids for Highly‐Efficient Water Oxidation
Authors: Lu Xuyun , Ma Zhangyu , Chang Yanan , Wang Shasha , Li Xiaoxuan , Xu Dongdong , Bao Jianchun , Liu Ying 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMott–Schottky construction and plasmon excitation represent two highly‐efficient and closely‐linked coping strategies to the high energy loss of oxygen evolution reaction (OER), but the combined effect has rarely been investigated. Herein, with Ag nanoparticles as electronic structure regulator and plasmon exciter, Ag/CoV‐LDH@G nanohybrids (NHs) with Mott–Schottky heterojunction and notable plasmon effect are well‐designed. Combining theoretical calculations with experiments, it is found that the Mott–Schottky construction modulates the Fermi level/energy band structure of CoV‐LDH, which in turn leads to lowered d‐band center (from −0.89 to −0.93), OER energy barrier (from 6.78 to 1.31 eV), and preeminent plasmon thermal/electronic effects. The thermal effect can offset the endothermic enthalpy change of OER, promote the deprotonation of *OOH, and accelerate electron transfer kinetics. Whereas the electronic effect can increase the density of charge carriers (from 0.70 × 1020 to 1.64 × 1020 cm−3), lower the activation energy of OER (from 30.3 to 17.7 kJ mol−1). Benefiting from these favorable factors, the Ag/CoV‐LDH@G NHs show remarkable electrocatalytic performances, with an overpotential of 178 and 263 mV to afford 10 and 100 mA cm−2 for OER, respectively, and a low cell voltage of 1.42 V to drive 10 mA cm−2 for overall water splitting under near‐infrared light irradiation.
Efficient Perovskite Nanograin Light‐Emitting Diodes in Green‐to‐Blue Gamut with Co‐Additive Engineering
Authors: Jiang Maowei , Zhang Xiaomeng , Wang Feijiu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPerovskite nanograins exceeding the Bohr exciton diameter show great potential for high‐performance light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) owing to their bandgap homogeneity, spatial charge confinement, and nonlocal interaction. However, it is challenging to directly synthesize proper nanograins along with reduced crystal defects on functional substrate, and the corresponding high‐efficiency perovskite LEDs (PeLEDs) have rarely been reported. In this study, crystallization modulation for perovskites with an effective co‐additive system, including lithium bromide, p‐fluorophenethylammonium bromide, and 18‐crown‐6, is performed. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the proposed co‐additive system can synergistically retard perovskite crystallization and reduce crystal defects. Consequently, high‐quality perovskite nanograin solids (≈22.8 nm) are obtained with a high photoluminescence quantum yield (≈88%). These superior optical properties contribute to developing efficient green PeLEDs with a champion external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 28.4% and an average EQE of 27.1%. The co‐additive system can be universally applied to mixed‐halide perovskite nanograin LED, presenting a maximum EQE of 24.4%, 21.6%, 17.5%, and 11.1% for the blue device at 496, 488, 478, and 472 nm, respectively, along with a narrow spectral linewidth (17–14 nm) and stable color. These results supplement the research on high‐efficiency perovskite nanograin LEDs for multicolor displays and lighting.
In Situ Ions Induced Formation of KxF‐Rich SEI Layers toward Ultrastable Life of Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Tianqi , He Xin , Zhou Min , Ning Jing , Cao Shengling , Chen Manlin , Li Haomiao , Wang Wei , Wang Kangli , Jiang Kai 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEngineering F‐rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layers is regarded as an effective strategy to enable the long‐term cycling stability of potassium‐ion batteries (KIBs). However, in the conventional KPF6 carbonate electrolytes, it is challenging to form F‐containing SEI layers due to the inability of KPF6 to decompose into KxF. Herein, AlCl3 is employed as a novel additive to change the chemical environment of the KPF6 carbonate electrolyte. First, due to the large charge‐to‐radius ratio of Al3+, the Al‐containing groups in the electrolyte can easily capture F from PF6− and accelerate the formation of KxF in SEI layer. In addition, AlCl3 also reacts with trace H2O or solvents in the electrolytes to form Al2O3, which can further act as a HF scavenger. Upon incorporating AlCl3 into conventional KPF6 carbonate electrolyte, the hard carbon (HC) anode exhibits an ultra‐long lifespan of 10000 cycles with a high coulombic efficiency of ≈100%. When coupled with perylene‐3,4,9,10‐tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA), the full cell exhibits a high capacity retention of 81% after 360 cycles‐significantly outperforming cells using conventional electrolytes. This research paves new avenues for advancing electrolyte engineering towards developing durable batteries tailored for large‐scale energy storage applications.
Pendant Group Functionalization of Cyclic Olefin for High Temperature and High‐Density Energy Storage
Authors: Shukla Stuti , Wu Chao , Mishra Ankit , Pan Junkun , Charnay Aaron P. , Khomane Ashish , Deshmukh Ajinkya , Zhou Jierui , Mukherjee Madhubanti , Gurnani Rishi , Rout Pragati , Casalini Riccardo , Ramprasad Rampi , Fayer Michael D. , Vashishta Priya , Cao Yang , Sotzing Gregory 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHigh‐temperature flexible polymer dielectrics are critical for high density energy storage and conversion. The need to simultaneously possess a high bandgap, dielectric constant and glass transition temperature forms a substantial design challenge for novel dielectric polymers. Here, by varying halogen substituents of an aromatic pendant hanging off a bicyclic mainchain polymer, a class of high‐temperature olefins with adjustable thermal stability are obtained, all with uncompromised large bandgaps. Halogens substitution of the pendant groups at para or ortho position of polyoxanorborneneimides (PONB) imparts it with tunable high glass transition from 220 to 245 °C, while with high breakdown strength of 625–800 MV/m. A high energy density of 7.1 J/cc at 200 °C is achieved with p‐POClNB, representing the highest energy density reported among homo‐polymers. Molecular dynamic simulations and ultrafast infrared spectroscopy are used to probe the free volume element distribution and chain relaxations pertinent to dielectric thermal properties. An increase in free volume element is observed with the change in the pendant group from fluorine to bromine at the para position; however, smaller free volume element is observed for the same pendant when at the ortho position due to steric hindrance. With the dielectric constant and bandgap remaining stable, properly designing the pendant groups of PONB boosts its thermal stability for high density electrification.