bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Occurrence and Possible Aetiology of Spondylolysis in a Pre‐contact California Population
Authors: Pilloud M. A. , Canzonieri C. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTThe occurrence of spondylolysis (neural arch separation at the pars interarticularis) is reported in a pre‐contact (720–550 Cal BP) Central California population, CA‐CCo‐647 (n = 46). Spondylolysis was examined within this population to assess differences in sex, age, and possible relationships with biological affinity. Furthermore, prevalence rates of spondylolysis were compared across various populations to discern the aetiology of the defect. Within CA‐CCo‐647, spondylolysis was found in 17.4% (8/46) of the population. All occurrences are complete, bilateral separations of the neural arch in the lower lumbar (L4 and L5). The defect is not seen in individuals below the age of 18, and there is no correlation between adult age and spondylolysis. Male individuals display the defect at a higher rate (30.8% ‐ 4/13) than female individuals (12.1% ‐ 4/33); however, this is not a statistically significant finding. There does seem to be a correlation between an individual's sex and the onset of the defect; male individuals display spondylolysis at a younger age than female individuals. This finding could represent differences in activity patterns among young male and female individuals. In a biological distance analysis using craniometric data, male and female individuals with spondylolysis clustered closely, suggesting a genetic component for the defect. Finally, significant differences were found in spondylolysis prevalence between various populations representing distinct geographic and temporal settings. Significant differences were found among Native pre‐contact samples and even between two comparable pre‐contact California skeletal samples. These populations all engaged in distinct activities and were likely composed of genetically distinct groups of individuals, which may account for the differences in spondylolysis prevalence. All of these findings, both within CA‐CCo‐647 and between the various samples, suggest that the aetiology of spondylolysis is likely an interaction of genes and activity. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CDKN2A homozygous deletion is associated with muscle invasion in FGFR3‐mutated urothelial bladder carcinoma
Authors: Rebouissou Sandra , Hérault Aurélie , Letouzé Eric , Neuzillet Yann , Laplanche Agnès , Ofualuka Karina , Maillé Pascale , Leroy Karen , Riou Audrey , Lepage May‐Linda , Vordos Dimitri , de la Taille Alexandre , Denoux Yves , Sibony Mathilde , Guyon Frédéric , Lebret Thierry , Benhamou Simone , Allory Yves , Radvanyi François 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe gene cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) is frequently inactivated by deletion in bladder carcinoma. However, its role in bladder tumourigenesis remains unclear. We investigated the role of CDKN2A deletion in urothelial carcinogenesis, as a function of FGFR3 mutation status, a marker for one of the two pathways of bladder tumour progression, the Ta pathway. We studied 288 bladder carcinomas: 177 non‐muscle‐invasive (123 Ta, 54 T1) and 111 muscle‐invasive (T2–4) tumours. CDKN2A copy number was determined by multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification, and FGFR3 mutations by SNaPshot analysis. FGFR3 mutation was detected in 124 tumours (43.1%) and CDKN2A homozygous deletion in 56 tumours (19.4%). CDKN2A homozygous deletion was significantly more frequent in FGFR3‐mutated tumours than in wild‐type FGFR3 tumours (p = 0.0015). This event was associated with muscle‐invasive tumours within the FGFR3‐mutated subgroup (p < 0.0001) but not in wild‐type FGFR3 tumours. Similar findings were obtained for an independent series of 101 bladder carcinomas. The impact of CDKN2A deletions on recurrence‐free and progression‐free survival was then analysed in 89 patients with non‐muscle‐invasive FGFR3‐mutated tumours. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that CDKN2A losses (hemizygous and homozygous) were associated with progression (p = 0.0002), but not with recurrence, in these tumours. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified CDKN2A loss as a predictor of progression independent of stage and grade. These findings highlight the crucial role of CDKN2A loss in the progression of non‐muscle‐invasive FGFR3‐mutated bladder carcinomas and provide a potentially useful clinical marker for adapting the treatment of such tumours, which account for about 50% of cases at initial clinical presentation. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Peptides binding to prostate‐specific antigen enhance its antiangiogenic activity
Authors: Mattsson Johanna M. , Närvänen Ale , Stenman Ulf‐Håkan , Koistinen Hannu 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDProteolytically active prostate‐specific antigen (PSA or kallikrein‐related peptidase 3, KLK3) has been shown to exert antiangiogenic properties. High levels of PSA in prostatic tumors may thus slow down cancer progression by inhibiting angiogenesis. We hypothesize that factors stimulating the activity of PSA could be used to reduce prostate tumor growth. Using phage display, we have developed peptides C4 and B2 that stimulate the enzymatic activity of PSA. Our aim was to study whether these peptides enhance the antiangiogenic activity of PSA.METHODSWe used an in vitro angiogenesis assay where human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) form tubular networks when they are grown on Matrigel. Proteolytically active PSA and peptides that stimulate the activity of PSA were added to the cells. Endothelial cell tube formation was quantified and expressed as an angiogenesis index.RESULTSPSA reduced the angiogenesis index to ∼50% of controls both in serum‐containing and serum‐free medium. The addition of peptide C4 or B2 together with PSA caused a significant further decrease in angiogenesis index to ∼70% of that caused by PSA alone. A similar decrease in angiogenesis index was observed when PSA concentration was increased 2.4‐fold of that used with peptides.CONCLUSIONSThe inhibitory effect of PSA on tube formation can be enhanced by the addition of peptides that stimulate the activity of PSA. This supports our hypothesis that stimulation of PSA activity can be used to reduce angiogenesis and thereby inhibit prostate tumor growth. Prostate 72:1588–1594, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The role of domain: Domain interactions versus domain: Water interactions in the coarse‐grained simulations of the E1P to E2P transitions in Ca‐ATPase (SERCA)
Authors: Nagarajan Anu , Andersen Jens Peter , Woolf Thomas B. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractSERCA is an important model system for understanding the molecular details of conformational change in membrane transport systems. This reflects the large number of solved X‐ray structures and the equally large database of mutations that have been assayed. In this computational study, we provide a molecular dynamics description of the conformational changes during the E1P → E2P transitions. This set of states further changes with insertion mutants in the A‐M3 linker region. These mutants were experimentally shown to lead to significant shifts in rates between the E1P → E2P states. Using the population shift framework and dynamic importance sampling method along with coarse‐grained representations of the protein, lipid, and water, we suggest why these changes are found. The calculations sample on intermediates and suggest that changes in interactions, individual helix interactions, and water behavior are key elements in the molecular compositions that underlie shifts in kinetics. In particular, as the insertion length grows, it attracts more water and disrupts domain interactions, creating changes as well at the sites of key helix interactions between the A‐Domain and the P‐Domain. This provides a conceptual picture that aids understanding of the experimental results. Proteins 2012;. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optical investigations of the superconducting energy gap in β″‐(BEDT‐TTF)2SF5CH2CF2SO3
Authors: Kaiser S. , Yasin S. , Drichko N. , Dressel M. , Rõõm T. , Hüvonen D. , Nagel U. , Gard G. L. , Schlueter J. A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe organic salt β″‐(BEDT‐TTF)2SF5CH2CF2SO3 is a two‐dimensional metal with a quarter‐filled conduction band. In the metallic state the optical conductivity evidences interaction of the charge carriers with charge‐order fluctuations that become stronger as temperature decreases. In the superconducting phase below Tc ≈ 5 K, indications of the superconducting gap with $2{\rm \Delta }\approx 12\;{\rm cm}^{- 1} $ are observed in the optical spectrum, corresponding to $2{\rm \Delta }/k_{{\rm B}} T_{{\rm c}} \approx 3.3$. Its temperature and magnetic field dependences are also consistent with predictions by the BCS theory of a weakly coupled superconductor.magnified image
The conductivity ratio $\sigma _{1} (T = 1.75\;{\rm K})/\sigma _{1} (10\;{\rm K})$ indicates the opening of the superconducting gap in β″‐(BEDT‐TTF)2SF5CH2CF2SO3.
Quantum‐chemical study of the spin transition complex [Fe(bt)2(NCS)2] (bt=2,2′‐bithiazoline)
Authors: Qu Yuhui 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe spin crossover compound [Fe(bt)2(NCS)2] has been studied by several density functionals and basis sets. In the calculation, optimized geometries of the compound in the low‐, intermediate‐, and high‐spin states, the vibrational modes and IR spectra, spin splittings energies, excited states, and UV/vis absorption spectra were obtained. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantum chemical study of IrFn (n = 1–7) clusters: An investigation of superhalogen properties
Authors: Siddiqui Shamoon Ahmad , Rasheed Tabish 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn present investigation, the interactions of iridium (Ir) atom with fluorine (F) atoms have been studied using the density functional theory. Up to seven F atoms were able to bind to a single Ir atom which resulted in increase of electron affinities successively, reaching a peak value of 7.85 eV for IrF7. The stability and reactivity of these clusters were analyzed by calculating highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)–LUMO gaps, molecular orbitals and binding energies of these clusters. The unusual properties of these clusters are due to the involvement of inner shell 5d‐electrons, which not only allows IrFn clusters to belong to the class of superhalogens but also shows that its valence can exceed the nominal value of 2. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Current–density functional theory for a superconductor
Authors: Higuchi Katsuhiko , Koide Kazuki , Imanishi Tatsuya , Higuchi Masahiko 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe present a current–density functional theory (CDFT) for a superconductor applied by an external magnetic field. As the formulation is free from the assumption of the v‐representability of densities, the fictitious external pairing field is not needed. The anomalous density, which corresponds to the order parameter of a superconducting phase, is treated in a nonlocal form as it should be. To perform actual calculations, the exchange–correlation (xc) energy functional is a key quantity as is the case with the conventional CDFT of a normal state. As the first step toward developing the approximate form, we present the exact expression for the xc energy functional with the aid of the coupling‐constant integration technique. This scheme may become a first‐principles theory which can evaluate not only the critical temperature but also critical magnetic field quantitatively. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Perioperative chemotherapy and liver resection for hepatic metastases of colorectal cancer
Authors: Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Takahashi Michiro , Ohba Masaru , Kaneko Junichi , Aoki Taku , Sakamoto Yoshihiro , Sugawara Yasuhiko , Kokudo Norihiro 
Published: March 2012

AbstractSurgical resection has played a major role in the treatment for colorectal liver metastases. The safety and efficacy of surgery for liver metastasis are obvious, although there are some differences between the western countries and Japan concerning the surgical indication, procedures, timing of chemotherapies in a perioperative period, and treatment of a primary disease. In future, long‐term outcomes after surgical resection for colorectal liver metastases would be expected to be prolonged by combination of surgery and chemotherapies.
Modeling the interaction of physiological time, seasonal weather patterns, and delayed mating on population dynamics of codling moth,Cydia pomonella(L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Authors: Jones Vincent P. , Wiman Nik G. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe effect of delaying female mating on population growth in codling moth (Cydia pomonella(L.)) was found to act on a physiological time (degree‐day) basis and was predictable using a simple quadratic equation. When combined with previous work on degree‐day based mortality, we were able to evaluate how the magnitude of population reduction and survival varied between sites, years, and generations at locations in California, Michigan, Pennsylvania and Washington states. In general, reductions in population growth associated with females mating 1–3 days after emergence were greater in warmer areas and during warmer times of the year. In any given year and location, the temperature profiles during peak flight were crucial in determining the population reductions, but over an 11‐year period, the average seasonal temperature profile was more important. During the overwintering generation, conditions were relatively mild in all locations and only minor differences were observed in population growth rates between locations. Populations experiencing 1–3 days delay in female mating were reduced 8, 19 and 32 % compared to populations experiencing no delay, respectively. During the first summer generation, population reductions doubled compared to those seen in the overwintering generation. During the second summer flight, reductions in population growth rate at the three cooler locations decreased, while they increased in the warmer California location. Overall, the results show delayed mating can help understand how population growth is related to environmental conditions experienced naturally by insect populations and will help guide studies of the mechanisms of mating disruption, a technique used for pest suppression in agricultural and forest systems.
Generalized two-dimensional Lagally theorem with free vortices and its application to fluid–body interaction problems
Authors: Wu C. T. , Yang F.-L. , Young D. L. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe Lagally theorem describes the unsteady hydrodynamic force on a rigid body exhibiting arbitrary motion in an inviscid and incompressible fluid by the properties of the singularities employed to generate the flow and the body motion and to meet the boundary condition. So far, only sources and dipoles have been considered, and the present work extends the theorem to include free vortices in a two-dimensional flow. The present extension is validated by reproducing the system dynamics or the force evolution of three literature problems: (i) a free cylinder interacting with a free vortex; (ii) the moving Föppl problem; and (iii) a cylinder in constant normal approach to a fixed identical cylinder. This work further extends the bifurcation analysis on the moving Föppl problem by including the solid-to-liquid density ratio as a new parameter, in addition to the system total impulse and the vortex strength. We then apply the theorem to the problem where a moving Föppl system is made to approach a fixed or a free neutrally buoyant target cylinder of identical size from far away. The force developed on each cylinder is examined with respect to the vortex pair configuration and the target mobility. When approaching a fixed target, a greater force is developed if the vortex pair has stronger circulation and larger structure. The mobility of the target cylinder, however, can modify the hydrodynamic force by reducing its magnitude and reversing the force ordering with respect to the vortex pair configuration found for the case with fixed target. Possible mechanisms for such a change of force nature are given based on the currently derived equation of motion.
Steady streaming and sediment transport at the bottom of sea waves
Authors: Blondeaux Paolo , Vittori Giovanna , Bruschi Antonello , Lalli Francesco , Pesarino Valeria 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe flow and sediment transport in the boundary layer at the sea bottom due to the passage of surface waves are determined by considering small values of the wave steepness and of the ratio between the thickness of the boundary layer and the local water depth. Both the velocity field and the sediment transport rate are determined up to the second order of approximation thus evaluating both the steady streaming and the net (wave-averaged) flux of sediment induced by nonlinear effects. The flow regime is assumed to be turbulent and a two-equation turbulence model is used to close the problem. The bed load is evaluated by means of an empirical relationship as function of the bed shear stress. The suspended load is determined by computing the sediment flux, once the sediment concentration is determined by solving an appropriate advection–diffusion equation. The decay of the wave amplitude, which is due to the energy dissipation taking place in the boundary layer, is taken into account. The steady streaming and the sediment transport rate at the bottom of sea waves turn out to be different from those which are observed in a wave tunnel (U-tube), because of the dependence on the streamwise coordinate of the former flow. In particular, in the range of the parameters presently investigated, the sediment transport rate at the bottom of sea waves is found to be always onshore directed while, in a water tunnel (U-tube), the sediment transport rate can be onshore or offshore directed.
POSITIVE SOLUTIONS OF A SECOND-ORDER NEUMANN BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEM WITH A PARAMETER
Authors: ZHANG YANG-WEN , LI HONG-XU 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the Neumann boundary value problem with a parameter λ∈(0,∞): By using fixed point theorems in a cone, we obtain some existence, multiplicity and nonexistence results for positive solutions in terms of different values of λ. We also prove an existence and uniqueness theorem and show the continuous dependence of solutions on the parameter λ.
Invariants of hyperplane groups and vanishing ideals of finite sets of points
Authors: Campbell H. E. A. , Chuai Jianjun 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe define a hyperplane group to be a finite group generated by reflections fixing a single hyperplane pointwise. Landweber and Stong proved that the invariant ring of a hyperplane group is again a polynomial ring in any characteristic. Recently, Hartmann and Shepler gave a constructive proof of this result. By their algorithm, one can always construct generators that are additive. In this paper, we study hyperplane groups of order a power of a prime p in characteristic p and give a slightly different construction of the generators than Hartmann and Shepler. We then show that such generators have a particular form. Furthermore, we show that if the group is defined by a finite additive subgroup W ⊆ $W\subseteq\mathbb{F}^n$, the vanishing ideal of W is generated by polynomials obtained from a set of generators of the invariant ring that are additive. Finally, we give a shorter proof of the fact that the module of the invariant differential 1-forms is free in our situation.
A proof of the Ge–Lee statement on the inertia regressor of robot manipulators
Authors: Mulero-Martínez Juan Ignacio 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARYThis paper delivers a proof of a statement due to Ge and Lee. Specifically, these authors stated, without proof, that the entries of the inertia matrix may be completely parameterized by stacking elements of a regressor superset. This superset has the advantage of avoiding to derive the complete dynamics of a robot manipulator. On the basis of both mechanics and combinatorial arguments, we deliver a formal proof. In addition, we improve the estimations by sorting joint variables and partitioning the inertia matrix that results into the reduction of the regressor superset. The number of nonlinear functions in the regressor is also quantified. A 2 degrees of freedom revolute robot is presented to illustrate these ideas.
Pure Type System conversion is always typable
Authors: SILES VINCENT , HERBELIN HUGO 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPure Type Systems are usually described in two different ways, one that uses an external notion of computation like beta-reduction, and one that relies on a typed judgment of equality, directly in the typing system. For a long time, the question was open to know whether both presentations described the same theory. A first step towards this equivalence has been made by Adams for a particular class ofPure Type Systems(PTS) called functional. Then, his result has been relaxed to all semi-full PTSs in previous work. In this paper, we finally give a positive answer to the general question, and prove that equivalence holds for any Pure Type System.
Days of (un) Rest: Political Consumerism and the Struggle over the Sabbath
Authors: Porat Guy Ben , Shamir Omri 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn spite of legal limitations, commerce in Israel on the Sabbath has expanded significantly in the past two decades. This secular development is counteracted by religious boycotts of stores operating on the Sabbath. Using Ulrich Beck's concept of sub-politics, we explain the shift away from the formal political realm, a result of a deadlocked political system that is no longer able to regulate boundaries between the religious and secular realm. As a result, both religious and secular communities use their power as consumers, albeit in different ways, to shape the public sphere. Using media reports and open-ended interviews with religious and secular entrepreneurs we demonstrate how, first, the value of formal political channels was eroded and, second, how the economic power of religious and secular consumers is used in the new struggles to shape the day of rest.