bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detecting and quantifying reductive dechlorination under monitored natural attenuation conditions
Authors: Istok Jonathan D. , Field Jennifer A. , Raes Eric J. , Looney Brian B. , Vangelas Karen M. , Millings Margaret R. , Davis Greg A. , Peacock Aaron D. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractField sampling and testing were used to investigate the relationship between baseline geochemical and microbial community data and in situ reductive dechlorination rates at a site contaminated with trichloroethene (TCE) and carbon tetrachloride (CTET). Ten monitoring wells were selected to represent conditions along groundwater flow paths from the contaminant source zone to a wetlands groundwater discharge zone. Groundwater samples were analyzed for a suite of geochemical and microbial parameters; then push‐pull tests with fluorinated reactive tracers were conducted in each well to measure in situ reductive dechlorination rates. No exogenous electron donors were added in these tests, as the goal was to assess in situ reductive dechlorination rates under natural attenuation conditions. Geochemical data provided preliminary evidence that reductive dechlorination of TCE and CTET was occurring at the site, and microbial data confirmed the presence of known dechlorinating organisms in groundwater. Push‐pull tests were conducted using trichlorofluoroethene (TCFE) as a reactive tracer for TCE and, in one well, trichlorofluoromethane (TCFM) as a reactive tracer for CTET. Injected TCFE was transformed to cis‐ and trans‐dichlorofluoroethene and chlorofluoroethene, and, in one test, injected TCFE was completely dechlorinated to fluoroethene (FE). In situ TCFE transformation rates ranged from less than 0.005 to 0.004/day. In the single well tested, injected TCFM was transformed in situ to dichlorofluoromethane and chlorofluoromethane; the TCFM transformation rate was estimated as 0.001/day. The results indicate that it is possible to use push‐pull tests with reactive tracers to directly detect and quantify reductive dechlorination of chlorinated ethenes and ethanes under monitored natural attenuation conditions, which has not previously been demonstrated. Transformation rate estimates obtained with these techniques should improve the accuracy of contaminant transport modeling. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Engineered containment systems: Identification of dominant ecological processes for long‐term performance assessment and monitoring
Authors: Traynham Brooke , Clarke James , Burger Joanna , Waugh Jody 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe infiltration of rainfall into contaminated soils and wastes provides the mechanism whereby hazardous chemical and radionuclide constituents of concern are leached and transported to underlying groundwater and potential human and ecological receptors. The application of engineered covers to reduce rainfall infiltration is an approach that is often selected for the remediation of contaminated sites. Evapotranspiration, or water‐balance, cover designs have been shown to be effective ways of preventing infiltration in arid and semiarid climates. This particular design relies on evaporation and vegetative transpiration to reduce potential infiltration to acceptable levels.In this article, we identify and examine the dominant ecological processes that affect the performance of evapotranspiration cover designs. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Perceptions of goods, services and eco‐cultural attributes of Native Americans and Caucasians in Idaho
Authors: Burger Joanna 
Published: June 2012

AbstractUnderstanding perceptions of how people value environmental resources is critical to conservation and management of ecosystems. We used interviews to examine perceptions and valuations of goods, services, and eco‐cultural attributes of Native Americans and Caucasians attending an American Indian festival. The Native Americans interviewed were younger, achieved lower levels of education, and had lower mean incomes than did the Caucasians. There were no significant differences in the percentage of Native Americans and Caucasians engaged in consumptive and nonconsumptive activities, although a significantly greater percentage of Native Americans engaged in religious/cultural activities than did Caucasians. Although the relative ratings differed, the most important characteristics for all three types of activities were clean air, unpolluted water, no visible smog in air, and appears unspoiled, which represent both goods and services (the former two) and eco‐cultural attributes (the latter two). For nearly all characteristics, Native Americans rated them higher than did Caucasians. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
COMPARISON OF THE HYDROMORPHOLOGICAL EVOLUTION OF THE L'ASSOMPTION AND OUAREAU RIVER CHANNELS (QUEBEC, CANADA)
Authors: Aubry L. , Assani A. A. , Biron S. , Gratton D. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTThe monitoring station method, which is based on comparing data before and after dam construction, is commonly used to quantify the hydromorphological impacts induced by dams. However, in the absence of pre‐dam construction data, other analytical methods may be used to detect changes downstream from dams that remain more or less constant over time. The study used one such method, the control station method, to constrain changes which may be linked to construction of the Rawdon Dam, in 1913, on the Ouareau River. Thus, a comparison of the hydrological (seasonal daily maximum flows) and morphological (mean bankfull width and sinuosity) evolution of the Ouareau and L'Assomption Rivers during the period 1930 to 2008 was carried out. The surface area as well as the climatic, lithological, land use and physiographic features of the two watersheds are nearly identical in the study area. The comparison revealed three changes that may be linked to the Rawdon Dam: an increase in the magnitude of daily maximum flows downstream from the dam for all four seasons, which is inferred to have resulted in extensive widening and low sinuosity of the Ouareau river channel downstream from the Rawdon Dam relative to the L'Assomption river channel. These types of morphological changes are consistent with changes observed downstream from some dams. The Rawdon Dam had no effect on the interannual variability of daily maximum flows, which are characterized by a significant increase in mean in winter in both watersheds. This increase, which is abrupt, occurred in 1973 for both rivers. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Amphibious entrepreneurs and the emergence of organizational forms
Authors: Powell Walter W. , Sandholtz Kurt W. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe study the emergence of organizational forms, focusing on two mechanisms—reconfiguration and transposition—that distinguish the founding models of the first 26 biotechnology companies, all created in the industry's first decade, from 1972 to 1981. We analyze rich archival data using hierarchical cluster analysis, revealing four organizational variants of the dedicated biotech firm (DBF). Three were products of reconfiguration, as executives from Big Pharma used past practices to incorporate new science. One DBF variant resulted from ‘amphibious’ scientists who imported organizing ideas from the academy into their VC‐funded start‐ups. We argue that such transpositions are fragile, yet charged with generative possibilities. Copyright © 2012 Strategic Management Society.
Partnering portfolios, value‐creation logics, and growth trajectories: A comparison of Yahoo and Google (1995 to 2007)
Authors: Rindova Violina P. , Yeow Adrian , Martins Luis L. , Faraj Samer 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe add to the theory of entrepreneurial firm growth by inductively theorizing the processes through which new high‐growth firms utilize their partnering portfolios to pursue distinctive approaches to growth. We extend the strategic perspective on entrepreneurial networks by identifying three mechanisms linking partnering portfolios to differences in firm growth: configuring partnering portfolios to pursue distinctive logics for sourcing external resources, aligning resource‐sourcing and resource‐linking logics in new product development, and embarking on different growth trajectories, which contribute to different performance patterns. These theoretical insights contribute to current understanding of the external and internal sources of heterogeneity in the performance of entrepreneurial firms. Copyright © 2012 Strategic Management Society.
Comparison of hamstring lengthening with hamstring lengthening plus transfer for the treatment of flexed knee gait in ambulatory patients with cerebral palsy
Authors: Feng Lin , Patrick Do K. , Aiona Michael , Feng Jing , Pierce Rosemary , Sussman Michael 
Published: June 2012

Purpose Children with spastic diplegic and hemiplegic cerebral palsy frequently ambulate with flexed knee gait. There has been concern that hamstring lengthening used to treat this problem may weaken hip extension. This study evaluates the primary outcome of hamstring transfer plus lengthening in comparison with traditional hamstring lengthening in treating flexed knee gait in ambulatory patients with cerebral palsy. Methods A total of 47 children (67 lower limbs) ranging in age from 5 to 17 years old were included in this study. All subjects underwent a variety of additional surgeries at the time of the hamstring surgery as part of a multilevel treatment plan. All patients who met the inclusion criteria were divided into two groups, the hamstring lengthening alone group (HSL) and the hamstring transfer plus lengthening group (HST). Full gait analysis studies were done for all subjects pre-operatively and 1 year post-operatively. Results There were 25 patients (35 limbs) in the HSL group and 22 patients (32 limbs) in the HST group. There was no significant difference in age, gender, or the time from surgery to post-operative gait analysis between groups. On physical examination, both HSL and HST groups showed improvement in passive knee extension, popliteal angle, and straight leg raise. Maximum knee extension in stance phase was improved in both groups. The maximum hip extension in late stance phase was significantly improved only in the HST group. The peak hip extension power in stance phase showed significant improvement only in the HST group and a significant decrease for the HSL group. Conclusions The findings of this study demonstrated that both the HSL and HST procedures resulted in similar amounts of improvement in passive range of motion of the knee, as well in knee extension in stance during gait at 1 year post-operatively. However, with the HST procedure, there was better preservation of hip extension power and improved hip extension in stance. The HST procedure should be considered when hamstring surgery is performed.
A physics-based approach to flow control using system identification
Authors: Hervé Aurelien , Sipp Denis , Schmid Peter J. , Samuelides Manuel 
Published: June 2012

AbstractControl of amplifier flows poses a great challenge, since the influence of environmental noise sources and measurement contamination is a crucial component in the design of models and the subsequent performance of the controller. A model-based approach that makes a priori assumptions on the noise characteristics often yields unsatisfactory results when the true noise environment is different from the assumed one. An alternative approach is proposed that consists of a data-based system-identification technique for modelling the flow; it avoids the model-based shortcomings by directly incorporating noise influences into an auto-regressive (ARMAX) design. This technique is applied to flow over a backward-facing step, a typical example of a noise-amplifier flow. Physical insight into the specifics of the flow is used to interpret and tailor the various terms of the auto-regressive model. The designed compensator shows an impressive performance as well as a remarkable robustness to increased noise levels and to off-design operating conditions. Owing to its reliance on only time-sequences of observable data, the proposed technique should be attractive in the design of control strategies directly from experimental data and should result in effective compensators that maintain performance in a realistic disturbance environment.
Bottom pressure distribution due to wave scattering near a submerged obstacle
Authors: Touboul Julien , Rey Vincent 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe dynamic pressure distribution on the bottom of a wave flume, due to the interaction of water waves with a submerged structure, is investigated experimentally and analytically, for both first- and second-order gravity waves of finite amplitude. The dynamic pressure excess is found to be very important, even for incoming waves propagating in deep water conditions. In this depth condition, a high pressure zone, thirty times larger than the dynamic pressure excess expected in the absence of the obstacle, is found in its vicinity. On the other hand, a low pressure zone is observed in the vicinity of the submerged obstacle for incoming waves propagating in smaller depth conditions. In any case, pressure gradients remain important. The second-order disturbance is found to be larger than first order in deep water conditions, for some specific conditions and locations. This result is interpreted in terms of nonlinear coupling of first-order components, including local modes.
Effective slip boundary conditions for arbitrary one-dimensional surfaces
Authors: Asmolov Evgeny S. , Vinogradova Olga I. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn many applications it is advantageous to construct effective slip boundary conditions, which could fully characterize flow over patterned surfaces. Here we focus on laminar shear flows over smooth anisotropic surfaces with arbitrary scalar slip $b(y)$, varying in only one direction. We derive general expressions for eigenvalues of the effective slip-length tensor, and show that the transverse component is equal to half of the longitudinal one, with a two times larger local slip, $2b(y)$. A remarkable corollary of this relation is that the flow along any direction of the one-dimensional surface can be easily determined, once the longitudinal component of the effective slip tensor is found from the known spatially non-uniform scalar slip.
INFINITE FAMILIES OF ARITHMETIC IDENTITIES FOR 4-CORES
Authors: DEKA BARUAH NAYANDEEP , NATH KALLOL 
Published: June 2012

AbstractLetu(n) andv(n) be the number of representations of a nonnegative integernin the formsx2+4y2+4z2andx2+2y2+2z2, respectively, withx,y,z∈ℤ, and leta4(n) andr3(n) be the number of 4-cores ofnand the number of representations ofnas a sum of three squares, respectively. By employing simple theta-function identities of Ramanujan, we prove that$u(8n+5)=8a_4(n)=v(8n+5)=\frac {1}{3}r_3(8n+5)$. With the help of this and a classical result of Gauss, we find a simple proof of a result ona4(n) proved earlier by K. Ono and L. Sze [‘4-core partitions and class numbers’,Acta Arith.80(1997), 249–272]. We also find some new infinite families of arithmetic relations involvinga4(n) .
Polyphenol-rich extract of pomegranate peel alleviates tissue inflammation and hypercholesterolaemia in high-fat diet-induced obese mice: potential implication of the gut microbiota
Authors: Neyrinck Audrey M. , Van Hée Vincent F. , Bindels Laure B. , De Backer Fabienne , Cani Patrice D. , Delzenne Nathalie M. 
Published: June 2012

Pomegranate extracts have been used for centuries in traditional medicine to confer health benefits in a number of inflammatory diseases, microbial infections and cancer. Peel fruit are rich in polyphenols that exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacitiesin vitro. Recent studies strongly suggest that the gut microbiota is an environmental factor to be taken into account when assessing the risk factors related to obesity. The aim of the present study was to test the prebiotic potency of a pomegranate peel extract (PPE) rich in polyphenols in a nutritional model of obesity associated with hypercholesterolaemia and inflammatory disorders. Balb/c mice were fed either a control diet or a high-fat (HF) diet with or without PPE (6 mg/d per mouse) over a period of 4 weeks. Interestingly, PPE supplementation increased caecal content weight and caecal pool of bifidobacteria. It did not significantly modify body weight gain, glycaemia, glucose tolerance and inflammatory markers measured in the serum. However, it reduced the serum level of cholesterol (total and LDL) induced by HF feeding. Furthermore, it counteracted the HF-induced expression of inflammatory markers both in the colon and the visceral adipose tissue. Together, these findings support that pomegranate constitutes a promising food in the control of atherogenic and inflammatory disorders associated with diet-induced obesity. Knowing the poor bioavailability of pomegranate polyphenols, its bifidogenic effect observed after PPE consumption suggests the involvement of the gut microbiota in the management of host metabolism by polyphenolic compounds present in pomegranate.
Phylogeographic structure, outbreeding depression, and reluctant virgin oviposition in the bean thrips,Caliothrips fasciatus(Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), in California
Authors: Rugman-Jones P.F. , Hoddle M.S. , Amrich R. , Heraty J.M. , Stouthamer-Ingel C.E. , Stouthamer R. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBean thrips,Caliothrips fasciatus, is native to western North America. Once considered a pest of several crops in its native area, its pest status has waned over recent decades. However, due to its habit of aggregating in the navel of navel oranges, bean thrips remains economically important because some countries importing oranges from California have designated it a quarantine pest. Despite continued propagule pressure, bean thrips has never established outside North America. We examined genetic variation in mitochondrial DNA among Californian populations ofC. fasciatusand found that potentially two cryptic species are present (supported by Kimura 2-P distances): a common widespread form B and a rarer form A with a very limited distribution. Form B showed strong phylogeographic structure, with many haplotypes having a limited geographic distribution. Inter-population crossing experiments between three geographically isolated populations of form B resulted in the production of some female offspring, indicating a degree of compatibility between these populations of this haplodiploid species. However, substantial outbreeding depression was also detected. A low frequency of offspring production by hetero-population pairs was evidence of pre-mating isolation, while post-mating isolation was also evident in the elevated mortality of fertilized eggs in successful hetero-population crosses. One surprising finding was the total lack of offspring production by virgin females when isolated individually. However, virgin females did produce sons in the presence of other virgin females. A test for the presence ofWolbachiashowed that form B was not infected, but that some populations of the rarer form A were.
40Ar–39Ar ages and isotope geochemistry of Cretaceous basalts in northern Madagascar: refining eruption ages, extent of crustal contamination and parental magmas in a flood basalt province
Authors: CUCCINIELLO C. , MELLUSO L. , JOURDAN F. , MAHONEY J. J. , MEISEL T. , MORRA V. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe Madagascar Cretaceous igneous province exposed in the Mahajanga basin is represented by basalt and basaltic andesite lavas. New40Ar–39Ar plateau ages (92.3 ± 2.0 Ma and 91.5 ± 1.3 Ma) indicate that the magmatism in the Mahajanga basin started about 92 Ma ago. Four geochemically distinct magma types (Groups A–D) are present. Group A and C rocks have low to moderate TiO2(1.2–2.6 wt%), Nb (3–9 μg g−1) and Zr (82–200 μg g−1), and show large variations in ɛNdi(+0.1 to −10.8),206Pb/204Pb (15.28 to 16.33) and γOs(+11.4 to +7378). The large isotopic variations, particularly in Os, Nd and Pb isotopic compositions, are likely due to crustal contamination. The low Pb isotope ratios observed in the Group A and C rocks suggest involvement of continental crust with low μ (238U/204Pb). Group B and D rocks have moderate to high TiO2(2.2–4.9 wt%), Nb (8–24 μg g−1) and Zr (120–327 μg g−1). Age-corrected isotopes of Group B and D lavas show a small range in ɛNdi(+1.0 to +4.0) and a wide range in γOs(+128 to +1182). Values of207Pb/204Pb are within the range for Groups A and C, but the Group D206Pb/204Pb (16.52–17.08) and208Pb/204Pb (37.51–38.01) values are higher, indicating a different crustal contaminant. Pb isotopic values of the Group B rocks seem to reflect the isotopic features of their mantle source. The magma groups of Mahajanga display a wide range of trace element and isotopic compositions that cannot be explained only by open-system crystallization processes but, rather, by distinct mantle sources.
Silicone lymphadenopathy: an unexpected cause of neck lumps
Authors: Omakobia E , Porter G , Armstrong S , Denton K 
Published: June 2012

AbstractObjective:To report a rare case of silicone lymphadenopathy solely affecting the left supraclavicular lymph nodes.Case report:Our patient presented with a painless swelling in the left supraclavicular region. Notably, she had previously undergone cosmetic breast augmentation using silicone-containing implants. Radiological imaging and subsequent excisional biopsy of the swelling produced findings consistent with a silicone foreign body reaction secondary to bilateral breast implant rupture.Conclusion:Silicone lymphadenopathy following breast augmentation primarily affects the axillary nodes. Supraclavicular lymph node involvement is unusual. To our knowledge, this is the first report in the English language literature of silicone lymphadenopathy manifesting solely in the supraclavicular lymph nodes. Although the need to exclude malignancy in such cases is of the utmost importance, silicone lymphadenopathy should also be considered in the differential diagnosis. Fine needle aspiration cytology is a useful initial investigation, which may be followed up by excisional biopsy and histological analysis for further confirmatory diagnostic information.
‘Interpreting’ at Vindolanda: Commercial and Linguistic Mediation in the Roman Army
Authors: Mairs Rachel 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA fragmentary tablet from Vindolanda(Tab. Vindol. II,213) contains an occurrence of the verbinterpretari(‘interpret’, ‘explain’, ‘mediate’) in an apparently commercial context, relating to the grain supply for the Roman fort. This usage is paralleled in a text on a wooden stilus tablet from Frisia in the Netherlands. ‘Interpreters’ and their activities make rather infrequent appearances in the Latin epigraphic and documentary records. In the Danubian provinces, interpreters (interpretes) are attested as army officers and officials in the office of the provincial governor. ‘Interpreters’, in both Latin and Greek inscriptions and papyri, often, however, play more ambiguous roles, not always connected with language-mediation, but also, or instead, with mediation in commercial transactions.
Statues of Senators in the Forum of Trajan and the Roman Forum in Late Antiquity
Authors: Chenault Robert 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe epigraphic evidence from the Forum of Trajan shows that this forum was the most important public venue for the honorific statues of senators in the city of Rome in the fourth and fifth centuriesa.d. These dedications celebrated the achievements of individual senators, and thereby helped to promote an image of a coherent senatorial order whose members were defined by their civil offices, literary accomplishment, outstanding personal virtues, and the approbation of their peers and the emperor. In contrast, statuary honours in the Roman Forum continued to be largely restricted to emperors and, in the fifth century, to the powerful generals who increasingly controlled imperial policy. This pattern in the distribution of statues suggests a basic differentiation in the use of the two most important representational spaces of late antique Rome.