bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apexification: the beginning of its end
Authors: Huang G. T.‐J. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractApexification is a procedure for treating and preserving immature permanent teeth that have lost pulp vitality. It contrasts apexogenesis in terms of its outcome in that apical maturation and normal root thickness cannot be obtained. Apexification has been a routine practice for such teeth for many decades, and despite a literature replete with discussion, including recent artificial barrier methods with mineral trioxide aggregate, ultimately there has been no major breakthrough to improve this treatment. Recently, two new clinical concepts have emerged. One involves a revitalization approach to achieve tissue generation and regeneration. In this method, new living tissue is expected to form in the cleaned canal space, allowing continued root development in terms of both length and thickness. The other is the active pursuit of pulp/dentine regeneration via tissue engineering technology to implant or re‐grow pulps. Although the technology is still at its infancy, it has the potential to benefit immature pulpless teeth by allowing continued growth and maturation. With this understanding, it may be predicted that apexification will become less needed in years to come. This study will overview the recent concept of pulp revitalization in the treatment of immature teeth with nonvital pulps and the emerging research on pulp tissue engineering and regeneration.
The prevalence of anterior teeth with dens invaginatus in the western mediterranean region of Turkey
Authors: Kirzioğlu Z. , Ceyhan D. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAim  To assess the prevalence and type of dens invaginatus in anterior teeth of a selected population and to report associated dental complications.Methodology  The records of patients examined in the Department of Paedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey between 1999 and 2006 were screened and a total of 2477 patients who had complete records with satisfactory radiographs were selected. The type of dens invaginatus and the presence of apical pathosis was determined from radiographs. Other dental abnormalities, syndromes and systemic diseases were noted. Variations in crown shape were also recorded.Results  Dens invaginatus was detected in 300 out of 2477 patients, with a prevalence of 12%; 82% of affected patients had dens invaginatus bilaterally. Maxillary lateral incisors were the most affected teeth. The majority of the teeth had normal crown morphology (95%). The most commonly seen type of dens invaginatus was type I (94%). Overall 33% of the patients with type III dens invaginatus and 4% of the patients with type II dens invaginatus had apical pathosis. No associations with other systemic diseases and syndromes and some limited association with hypodontia and dens evaginatus were detected.Conclusion  A carefull oral examination, radiographs, a suitable treatment plan and follow‐up programme are crucial for early diagnosis and treatment for teeth with dens invaginatus.
A comparative study of physicochemical properties of AH Plus, Epiphany, and Epiphany SE root canal sealers
Authors: Resende L. M. , Rached‐Junior F. J. A. , Versiani M. A. , Souza‐Gabriel A. E. , Miranda C. E. S. , Silva‐Sousa Y. T. C. , Sousa Neto M. D. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAim  To assess the physicochemical properties and the surface morphology of AH Plus, Epiphany, and Epiphany SE root canal sealers.Methodology  Five samples of each material were employed for each test according to ANSI/ADA specification 57. The samples were assigned to four groups: (i) AH Plus; (ii) Epiphany; (iii) Epiphany + Thinning Resin; (iv) Epiphany SE. The distilled water used during the solubility test was submitted to spectrometry to verify the release of calcium ions. The morphologies of the external surface and the cross‐section of the samples were analysed by means of a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Statistical analysis was performed by using One‐Way anova and post hoc Tukey–Kramer tests with the null hypothesis set as 5%.Results  Setting time, flow and radiopacity results were in accordance with ANSI/ADA requirements whereas the dimensional change of all sealers and solubility of Epiphany did not fulfil ANSI/ADA protocols. AH Plus and Epiphany SE were similar in terms of flow, radiopacity, solubility and dimensional change. The spectrometry test revealed significant calcium ion release from Epiphany with and without the thinning resin. SEM analysis revealed essentially a homogeneous surface with compact layer and some rough areas.Conclusions  Setting time, flow, and radiopacity tests conformed to ANSI/ADA standardization. The dimensional change in all groups and the solubility of Epiphany were greater than values considered acceptable, with higher amounts of calcium ion release. Epiphany SE revealed more organized, compacted, and homogeneous polymers in a reduced resin matrix when compared with the other groups.
The nociceptive and anti‐nociceptive effects of white mineral trioxide aggregate
Authors: Abbasipour F. , Rastqar A. , Bakhtiar H. , Khalilkhani H. , Aeinehchi M. , Janahmadi M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAim  To assess the nociceptive and antinociceptive effects of white mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA) using the orofacial formalin test in rats.Methodology  Rats (n = 10 in each group) were separately injected into the ipsilateral upper lip with either 40 μL of a 2.5% formalin solution and eugenol (50 mg kg−1) or WMTA (5, 10 and 20 mg dissolved in 0.2 mL saline) alone. In a second experiment to evaluate antinociception effects, 15 min prior to formalin injection, rats were pre‐treated with either white ProRoot MTA (20 mg dissolved in 0.2 mL saline) or eugenol. The time each rat spent rubbing the injected site with its paw, as an index of nociception, was recorded for a period of 45 min.Results  Administration of 40 μL white ProRoot MTA (5, 10 and 20 mg per 0.2 mL) alone did not produce any significant nociceptive response. Moreover, prior treatment with WMTA caused significant (P < 0.001) inhibition of formalin‐induced nociception. Injection of eugenol (50 mg kg−1) provoked the first phase of a nociceptive response, although its intensity was reduced compared with that produced by formalin. Pre‐treatment with eugenol significantly (P < 0.0001) inhibited the induction of nociception by formalin. Comparison of the behavioural responses observed in WMTA and eugenol‐treated rats alone or in combination with formalin revealed that WMTA did not only induce pain behaviour but also prevented formalin‐induced nociception.Conclusion  White mineral trioxide aggregate, when compared with eugenol, was more effective in treating nociceptive pain in the orofacial formalin test.
The evaluation of displacement resistance of glass FRC posts to root dentine using a thin slice push‐out test
Authors: Toman M. , Toksavul S. , Sarıkanat M. , Firidinoğlu K. , Akın A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAim  To investigate and compare the displacement resistance of glass fibre reinforced composite (FRC) posts to root dentine after luting with different adhesive systems.Methodology  A total of 32 noncarious extracted human mandibular premolars were prepared for post‐cementation using the FRC Postec system (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) and divided into four groups (n = 8). The posts in each group were luted with one or other of the following materials. Group 1: Variolink II/Excite DSC (etch‐and‐rinse, dual‐curing), group 2: Clearfil Esthetic Cement/ED Primer II (self‐etch, dual‐curing), group 3: Multilink/Multilink Primer (self‐etch, chemical‐curing) and group 4: Multilink Sprint (self‐adhesive, dual‐curing). Specimens were sectioned to obtain slices with the post in the centre and with the root dentine overlaid by the autopolymerizing acrylic resin on each side. The displacement resistance was measured using a Universal Testing Machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm min−1. The displacement resistance of the specimens were calculated and expressed in MPa. Data were analysed with one‐way anova and post hoc Tukey’s test (P < 0.05).Results  Mean (SD) values of displacement resistance data in MPa are as follows: group 1, 12.08 (2.13); group 2, 12.39 (2); group 3, 11.3 (1.23); group 4, 14.29 (1.84). There were statistically significant differences amongst the groups (P = 0.021). A statistically significant difference was observed for the displacement resistance values between groups 3 and 4 (P = 0.015), that is between Multilink/Multilink Primer and Multilink Sprint.Conclusions  Glass FRC posts luted with self‐adhesive luting system exhibited higher displacement resistance than when luted with chemical‐curing self‐etch luting system.
Complicated crown fractures – management and treatment options
Authors: Aggarwal V. , Logani A. , Shah N. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAim  Complicated crown fractures involve enamel, dentine and the pulp. The incidence of complicated crown fractures ranges from 2% to 13% of all dental injuries and the most commonly involved tooth is the maxillary central incisor. Various treatment modalities are available depending upon the clinical, physiological and radiographic status of the involved tooth. The aim of this article was to discuss techniques for the management of complicated crown fractures.Summary  Management of complicated crown fractures depends upon several factors with the result that various clinical modalities have been suggested. Seven case reports of complicated crown fractures are presented and risks/benefits of the treatment plans are discussed.
Sealing ability, water sorption, solubility and toothbrushing abrasion resistance of temporary filling materials
Authors: Pieper C. M. , Zanchi C. H. , Rodrigues‐Junior S. A. , Moraes R. R. , Pontes L. S. , Bueno M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAim  To evaluate marginal seal, water sorption, solubility and loss of mass after brushing of several temporary filling materials.Methodology  For marginal seal, Class I cavities, including endodontic access preparations, were made in human molar teeth and restored using one or other of several temporary filling materials (n = 10): zinc oxide/calcium sulphate‐based cement (Cavit, 3M,ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA), zinc oxide/eugenol cement (IRM, Dentsply Caulk, Milford, DE, USA), glass ionomer cement (Vidrion R, SSWhite, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil) or a dimethacrylate‐based filling (Bioplic, Biodinâmica, Londrina, PR, Brazil). Dye penetration was assessed after thermocycling and immersion in 0.5% basic fuchsine solution. For water sorption, solubility and loss of mass analyses, disc‐shaped specimens were made. Water sorption and solubility were evaluated by mass alteration after storage in distilled water for 7 days (n = 7). Loss of mass was calculated based on the difference of mass after abrasion with a toothbrush (n = 5), and surfaces were analysed by SEM. Data of water sorption, solubility and loss of mass were submitted to anova and Tukey’s test, and marginal sealing data to Kruskal–Wallis test (P < 0.05).Results  Statistically significant differences were observed for marginal sealing (P < 0.0001), water sorption (P < 0.01), solubility (P < 0.01) and loss of mass (P < 0.05). Bioplic had the best marginal seal. Cavit had the greatest water sorption and solubility. Vidrion R and Bioplic had the lowest solubility. Loss of mass after brushing was higher for Cavit, followed by Bioplic, IRM and Vidrion R. Cavit and Vidrion R were worn aggressively by brushing.Conclusions  The resin‐based temporary filling Bioplic produced the best marginal seal, and was associated with the lowest water sorption, solubility and loss of mass.
Limitations of previously published systematic reviews evaluating the outcome of endodontic treatment
Authors: Wu M‐K. , Shemesh H. , Wesselink P. R. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe aim of this work was to identify the limitations of previously published systematic reviews evaluating the outcome of root canal treatment. Traditionally, periapical radiography has been used to assess the outcome of root canal treatment with the absence of a periapical radiolucency being considered a confirmation of a healthy periapex. However, a high percentage of cases confirmed as healthy by radiographs revealed apical periodontitis on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and by histology. In teeth, where reduced size of the existing radiolucency was diagnosed by radiographs and considered to represent periapical healing, enlargement of the lesion was frequently confirmed by CBCT. In clinical studies, two additional factors may have further contributed to the overestimation of successful outcomes after root canal treatment: (i) extractions and re‐treatments were rarely recorded as failures; and (ii) the recall rate was often lower than 50%. The periapical index (PAI), frequently used for determination of success, was based on radiographic and histological findings in the periapical region of maxillary incisors. The validity of using PAI for all tooth positions might be questionable, as the thickness of the cortical bone and the position of the root tip in relation with the cortex vary with tooth position. In conclusion, the serious limitations of longitudinal clinical studies restrict the correct interpretation of root canal treatment outcomes. Systematic reviews reporting the success rates of root canal treatment without referring to these limitations may mislead readers. The outcomes of root canal treatment should be re‐evaluated in long‐term longitudinal studies using CBCT and stricter evaluation criteria.
Variation in dispersal mortality and dispersal propensity among individuals: the effects of age, sex and resource availability
Authors: Bowler Diana E. , Benton Tim G. 
Published: June 2009

Summary 1. Dispersal of individuals between habitat patches depends on both the propensity to emigrate from a patch and the ability to survive inter‐patch movement. Environmental factors and individual characteristics have been shown to influence dispersal rates but separating the effects of emigration and dispersal mortality on dispersal can often be difficult. In this study, we use a soil mite laboratory system to investigate factors affecting emigration and dispersal mortality. 2. We tested the movement of different age groups in two‐patch systems with different inter‐patch distances. Differences in immigration among age groups were primarily driven by differences in emigration but dispersal mortality was greater for some groups. Immigration declined with increasing inter‐patch distance, which was due to increasing dispersal mortality and decreasing emigration. 3. In a second experiment, we compared the dispersal of recently matured males and females and tested the impact of food availability during the developmental period on their dispersal. Dispersal was found to be male biased but there was no significant sex bias in dispersal mortality. There was some evidence that food availability could affect emigration and dispersal mortality. 4. These results demonstrate that both emigration and dispersal mortality can be affected by factors such as individual age and resource availability. Understanding these effects is likely to be important for predicting the fitness costs and population consequences of dispersal.
Assessing landscape connectivity with calibrated cost‐distance modelling: predicting common toad distribution in a context of spreading agriculture
Authors: Janin Agnès , Léna Jean‐Paul , Ray Nicolas , Delacourt Christophe , Allemand Pascal , Joly Pierre 
Published: June 2009

Summary1. Capturing the relative influence of landscape composition and configuration in real landscapes remains a challenge. Cost‐distance modelling provides an interesting approach to the assessment of landscape complexity in a functional way. However, resistances allotted to landscape elements in cost‐distance modelling frequently remain defined on the basis of expert advice. To overcome this weakness, we computed resistance coefficients withouta prioriknowledge through a calibration/validation method enabling us to test the impact of the matrix heterogeneity on the occurrence of the common toadBufo bufo,the cycles of which imply migrations between complementary habitats.2. We used cost‐distance modelling to elaborate an integrative parameter of landscape composition and configuration in the form of a potential movement zone. We first applied a calibration procedure that systematically tested different resistance values for each landscape element with a large data set. The robustness of the calibrated resistances was then evaluated using two supplementary validation data sets from contrasted landscapes. Finally, in order to isolate the relative influence of landscape configuration, we compared the predictive power of the calibrated potential movement zone with that of landscape composition only.3. The landscape matrix strongly influences common toad occurrence: selected resistances were low for forests and meadows and intermediate to high for crops. Within the two validation data sets, the potential movement zone was positively and significantly related to toad occurrence and had a better predictive power than landscape composition.4. Synthesis and applications. This study provides a tool to manage landscape structure in accordance with the ecological requirements of amphibian populations, especially habitat complementation. This method has minimal biological information requirements and therefore could be widely used to investigate the crucial influence of landscape composition and configuration on a broad range of species, and to design functional ecological networks.
Spatial covariance between biodiversity and other ecosystem service priorities
Authors: Anderson Barbara J. , Armsworth Paul R. , Eigenbrod Felix , Thomas Chris D. , Gillings Simon , Heinemeyer Andreas , Roy David B. , Gaston Kevin J. 
Published: June 2009

Summary 1.  Ecosystems support biodiversity and also provide goods and services that are beneficial to humans. The extent to which the locations that are most valuable for ecosystem services coincide with those that support the most biodiversity is of critical importance when designing conservation and land management strategies. There are, however, few studies on which to base any kind of conclusion about possible spatial patterns of association between ecosystem services and biodiversity. Moreover, little is known about the sensitivity of the conclusions to the quality of the data available, or to the choice and size of the region used for analysis. 2.  Here, we first present national‐scale estimates of the spatial covariance in areas important for ecosystem services and biodiversity (richness of species of conservation concern), using Britain as a case study. We then explore how these associations are sensitive to the spatial resolution of the available data, the spatial extent of our study region and to regional variation across the study area. 3.  Our analyses reveal a mixture of negative and positive associations. In particular, the regionalization analysis shows that one can arrive at diametrically opposing conclusions about relationships between ecosystem services and biodiversity by studying the same question within different areas, even within a moderately small island. 4.
Synthesis and applications. In a policy context, the location‐specific nature of relationships between ecosystem services and biodiversity underscores the importance of multi‐scale environmental decision‐making, so as to reflect both local conditions and broader‐scale priorities. The results also suggest that efforts to establish general patterns of congruence in ecosystem services and biodiversity may offer a less constructive way forward than do more regional approaches.
Assessing biodiversity by remote sensing in mountainous terrain: the potential of LiDAR to predict forest beetle assemblages
Authors: Müller Jörg , Brandl Roland 
Published: June 2009

Summary 1. Effective biodiversity management can only be implemented if data are available on assemblage–environment relationships. The level of detail needs to be relevant to the scale of planning and decision making. A number of remote‐sensing methods are available, but there are few studies that link information collected at both landscape and local scales. This is particularly true for arthropods even though these organisms are ecologically very important. 2. We assessed the predictive power of habitat variables measured by airborne laser scanning (light detection and ranging; LiDAR) to model the activity, richness and composition of assemblages of forest‐dwelling beetles. We compared the results with data acquired using conventional field methods. We sampled beetles with pitfall traps and flight‐interception traps at 171 sampling stations along an elevation gradient in a montane forest. 3. We found a high predictive power of LiDAR‐derived variables, which captured most of the predictive power of variables measured in ground surveys. In particular, mean body size and species composition of assemblages showed considerable predictability using LiDAR‐derived variables. The differences in the predictability of species richness and diversity of assemblages between trap types can be explained by sample size. We expect predictabilities with R2 of up to 0·6 for samples with 250 individuals on average. 4. The statistical response of beetle data and the ecological interpretability of results showed that airborne laser scanning can be used for cost‐effective mapping (LiDAR : field survey : beetles 15 : 100 : 260 € ha−1) of biodiversity even in remote mountain areas and in structurally complex habitats, such as forests. 5. Synthesis and applications. The strong relationship between characteristics of beetle assemblages to variables derived by laser scanning provides an opportunity to link data from local ground surveys of hyperdiverse taxa to data collected remotely at the landscape scale. This will enable conservation managers to evaluate habitats, define hotspots or map activity, richness and composition of assemblages at scales relevant for planning and management. In addition to the large area that can be sampled remotely, the grain of the data allows a single tree to be identified, which opens up the possibility of planning management actions at local scales.