bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STONKS: Quasi-real time XMM-Newton transient detection system
Authors: Quintin E. , Webb N. A. , Georgantopoulos I. , Gupta M. , Kammoun E. , Michel L. , Schwope A. , Tranin H. , Traulsen I. 
Published: May 2024

Context. Over recent decades, astronomy has entered the era of massive data and real-time surveys. This is improving the study of transient objects – although they still contain some of the most poorly understood phenomena in astrophysics, as it is inherently more difficult to obtain data to constrain the proposed models.
Aims. In order to help detect these objects in their brightest state and build synergies with multi-wavelength real-time surveys, we have built a quasi-real time automatic transient detection system for the XMM-Newton pipeline: the Search for Transient Objects in New detections using Known Sources (STONKS) pipeline.
Methods. STONKS detects long-term X-ray transient events by automatically comparing new XMM-Newton detections to any available archival X-ray data at this position, sending out an alert if the variability between observations (defined as the ratio between the maximum flux and the minimum flux or upper limit) is over 5. This required an initial careful cross-correlation and flux calibration of various X-ray catalogs from different observatories (XMM-Newton, Chandra, Swift, ROSAT, and eROSITA). A Bayesian framework was put into place to solve any ambiguous associations. We also systematically computed the XMM-Newton upper limits at the position of any X-ray source covered by the XMM-Newton observational footprint, even without any XMM-Newton counterpart. The behavior of STONKS was then tested on all 483 observations performed with imaging mode in 2021.
Results. Over the 2021 testing run, STONKS provided a daily alert rate of 0.7−0.5+0.7 alerts per day, about 80% of them corresponding to serendipitous sources. Among the detected variable serendipitous sources, there are: several highly variable active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and flaring stars, as well as new X-ray binary and ultra-luminous X-ray source candidates, some of which are present here. STONKS also detected targeted tidal disruption events, ensuring its ability to detect other serendipitous events. As a byproduct of our method, the archival multi-instrument catalog contains about one million X-ray sources, with 15% of them involving several catalogs and 60% of them having XMM-Newton (pointed or slew) upper limits.
Conclusions. STONKS demonstrates a great potential for revealing future serendipitous transient X-ray sources, providing the community with the ability to follow-up on these objects a few days after their detection with the goal of obtaining a better understanding of their nature. The underlying multi-instrument archival X-ray catalog will be made available to the community and kept up to date with future X-ray data releases.
Das Sjögren-Syndrom im Fokus
Authors: Zehrfeld Nadine , Witte Torsten , Ernst Diana 
Published: May 2024

Was ist neu?
Diagnostik – Der Teufel steckt im Detail! Die Speicheldrüsensonografie (SGUS) hat sich in der Diagnostik des Sjögren-Syndroms (SjS) etabliert und kann zu einer höheren Sensitivität der geltenden Klassifikationskriterien führen, gleichwohl sie bislang nicht in die Kriterien aufgenommen wurde. In der Labordiagnostik erhalten die Subspezifizierung von anti-SSA/Ro-Antikörpern – ggf. auch neue Biomarker – eine zunehmende Bedeutung. Präventiv müssen psychische Belastungen im Auge behalten werden, und das kardiovaskuläre Risiko und das Lymphomrisiko spielen eine große Rolle. Mittels Cluster-Analysen konnten verschiedene Phänotyp-Gruppen erschlossen werden, denen sich klinische Parameter zuordnen lassen.
Therapie 2020 wurden Therapieempfehlungen publiziert, die sich an den klinischen Manifestationen des SjS orientieren und Medikamente empfehlen, die auch in der Therapie des systemischen Lupus erythematodes (SLE) oder bei der rheumatoiden Arthritis eingesetzt werden. In den EULAR-Empfehlungen hat die Anti-B-Zell-Therapie mit Rituximab und Belimumab für schwerwiegende Manifestationen Einzug gefunden, und Ianalumab ist ein weiterer aussichtsreicher Wirkstoff. Ein weiterer Schwerpunkt der aktuellen Forschung liegt in der Inhibition der Costimulation zwischen Immunzellen. Nach zuletzt enttäuschenden Ergebnissen von Abatacept sind mit Iscalimab und Dazodalibep aber auch auf dieser Therapieachse aussichtsreiche Wirkstoffe in der Pipeline.
Die Leberzirrhose als Multisystemerkrankung
Authors: Bettinger Dominik , Thimme Robert , Schultheiß Michael 
Published: May 2024

Was ist neu?
Hepatorenales Syndrom Nicht nur hämodynamische Veränderungen können zur Entstehung des hepatorenalen Syndroms führen, sondern auch die bestehende Inflammation. Nach der aktuellen Leitlinie der EASL wird zwischen einer akuten Form (HRS-AKI) und einer chronischen Form (HRS-NAKI) unterschieden. Bei der Diagnose muss ein Volumenmangel ausgeschlossen werden. In der Therapie des HRS-AKI werden die splanchnische Vasodilatation mit konsekutiver renaler Minderperfusion und auch die Inflammation direkt adressiert.
Zirrhotische Kardiomyopathie Tumor-Nekrose-Faktor alpha (TNF-α) und Interleukin 1β haben einen negativen Einfluss auf die Inotropie des Myokards. Die komplexen Vorgänge, die bei einer CCM ablaufen, lassen sich diagnostisch nur eingeschränkt mit konventionellen Parametern abbilden. Daher wird in den aktuellen Diagnosekriterien die Messung der myokardialen Deformation mittels Speckle-Tracking-Echokardiografie empfohlen. Eine spezifische Therapie der CCM existiert aktuell nicht.
Portopulmonale Hypertonie und hepatopulmonales Syndrom Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die bestehende Inflammation eine entscheidende Rolle spielt. Proinflammatorische Zytokine führen zu einer Akkumulation von Makrophagen und einer vermehrten Adhärenz von Monozyten in der Lunge. Bei Patienten mit einer Leberzirrhose sollte das Screening auf eine Hypoxie mittels Pulsoxymetrie erfolgen. Als erster Schritt wird die Durchführung einer arteriellen Blutgasanalyse empfohlen. Therapeutisch erfolgt in erster Linie eine symptomatische Gabe von Sauerstoff.
Hepatische Enzephalopathie Ansammlungen von toxischen Substanzen im Gehirn sind Ursache einer HE und es können sich vermehrt entzündliche Mediatoren, wie TNF-α oder IL-6, messen lassen. Die Diagnose wird mittels West-Haven-Kriterien und z.B. Zahlenverbindungstest oder dem „Animal Naming Test“ gestellt. In der Akutphase einer HE können auch verzweigtkettige Aminosäuren eingesetzt werden.
Relative Nebenniereninsuffizienz Pathophysiologisch spielt auch hier eine Inflammation eine wichtige Rolle, wodurch die adrenale Steroidsynthese gehemmt wird. Für die Diagnostik der NNRI bietet sich die Bestimmung des freien Serumkortisols an. Bei Patienten mit einer Leberzirrhose und einem septischen Schock kann eine Hydrokortisonsubstitution sinnvoll sein.
Vorhofflimmern – Was ist bei chronischer Nierenerkrankung und Hämodialyse zu beachten?
Authors: Schlieper Georg 
Published: May 2024

Was ist neu?
Scores zur Risikoeinschätzung Die chronische Nierenerkrankung (CKD) ist eine häufige Komorbidität bei Vorhofflimmern, wobei der CHA2DS2-VASc-Score bei höhergradiger CKD nicht validiert ist und bei Dialysepatienten nur einen geringen prädiktiven Wert aufweist.
Risikoreduktion Nach den aktuellen Empfehlungen der European Society of Cardiology (ESC) sind Nicht-Vitamin-K-antagonistische Orale Antikoagulanzien (NOAK) einer Vitamin-K-Hemmung vorzuziehen. Aufgrund der teilweisen renalen Elimination von NOAK ist die Dosis bei CKD anzupassen. Mehrere Studien deuten inzwischen auf ein akzeptables Sicherheitsprofil von NOAKs bei CKD hin, wobei größere randomisierte Studien nach wie vor fehlen. Die Ergebnisse von prospektiven Studien mit einem Placebo-Behandlungsarm, d.h. ohne Antikoagulationstherapie, sind noch ausstehend.
Vorhofohrverschluss bei Kontraindikationen Sollten Kontraindikationen für eine antithrombotische Therapie vorliegen, kann ein Vorhofohrverschluss diskutiert werden. Die Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit des Vorhofohrverschlusses muss jedoch noch besser evaluiert werden.
Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells-derived Exosomes Promote Survival of Random Flaps in Rats through Nrf2-mediated Antioxidative Stress
Authors: Zhu Lin , Niu Qifang , Li Delong , Li Mozi , Guo Wenwen , Han Zhengxue , Yang Yang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background Random flaps are the most used defect repair method for head and neck tumors and trauma plastic surgery. The distal part of the flap often undergoes oxidative stress (OS), ultimately leading to flap necrosis. Stem cells' exosomes exhibit potential effects related to anti-inflammatory, regenerative, and antioxidant properties. Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an important factor in regulating oxidative balance. Exosomes have been reported to monitor its transcription to alleviate OS. This study examined the impacts and underlying mechanisms of antioxidant actions of exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs-Exo) on random flaps.
Methods BMSCs-Exo were injected into the tail veins of rats on days 0, 1, and 2 after surgery of random flaps. The rats were euthanized on day 3 to calculate the survival rate. Immunohistochemical staining, western blotting, dihydroethidium probe, superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde assay kits were used to detect the OS level. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were cocultured with BMSCs-Exo and ML385 (an inhibitor of Nrf2) in vitro.
Results BMSCs-Exo may significantly improve the survival rate of the random flaps by reducing apoptosis, inflammation, and OS while increasing angiogenesis. Besides, BMSCs-Exo can also increase mitochondrial membrane potential and reduce reactive oxygen species levels in vitro. These therapeutic effects might stem from the activation of the Kelch-like enyol-CoA hydratase (ECH)-associated protein 1 (Keap1)/Nrf2 signaling pathway.
Conclusion BMSCs-Exo improved the tissue antioxidant capacity by regulating the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway. BMSCs-Exo may be a new strategy to solve the problem of random flap necrosis.
Accessing meta-Enone-Substituted Anisoles using ArN2BF4 as Precatalyst via Rearrangement of Alkyne-Tethered Cyclohexadienones
Authors: Das Utpal , Rai Archana 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA method for the rearrangement of alkyne-tethered cyclohexadienone to furnish meta-enone-substituted anisoles using arene diazonium tetrafluoroborate salts as precatalyst was developed. The reaction proceeds via intramolecular 1,6-enyne cyclization-aromatization and oxetene ring opening. The same protocol was also employed to obtain phthalide-substituted anisoles. The reactions are atom economic, have a broad substrate scope and amenable to gram-scale synthesis. Further synthetic transformations of the products were also performed.
Upfront Low-Dose Cytarabine with Prednisolone for Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis with Liver Dysfunction: A Ray of Hope
Authors: Hegde Niranjan Gurunath , Sivasankaran Meena S. , G. Vimal Kumar , Munirathnam Deenadayalan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe management of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) with accompanying liver dysfunction poses significant challenges, and this prompted the development of a modified low-dose cytarabine and prednisolone regimen. In this prospective observational study on children with LCH and liver dysfunction, four patients underwent induction and maintenance chemotherapy. The induction phase included 5 days of 100 mg/m2 cytarabine and 4 weeks of 40 mg/m2 daily prednisolone, with subsequent tapering. Maintenance included a regimen of 5 days of 100 mg/m2 cytarabine, along with oral prednisolone, repeated every 3 weeks. Complete disease resolution occurred after varying chemotherapy cycles. Three patients had liver transplants, and the chemotherapy resumed for 52 weeks after the transplant. In one child, chemotherapy was continued after reaching remission. In conclusion, a modified, less toxic low-dose cytarabine-based chemotherapy effectively managed LCH with liver dysfunction, with liver transplantation as a postremission treatment option.
Modification of Bioactive Properties in Food Protein Hydrolysates by Alcalase and Trypsin
Authors: Jogi Nishithkumar , Mathew Anjaly , Mamatha Bangera Sheshappa 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background Protein hydrolysates are the fragments of proteins that form during the hydrolysis with promised bioactive properties. Enzymatic hydrolysis produces bioactive peptides with specific amino acid profile. Among all the properties, angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE-I) inhibitory activity of the protein hydrolysates attained maximum attention to combat life-threatening disease like hypertension.
Methodology In the present study 10 protein-rich food sources (> 20% protein content on dry basis) were used to prepare protein hydrolysates using alcalase and trypsin to investigate the effect of enzymes on ACE-I inhibitory and antioxidant activity.
Results Among all the sources, the highest degree of hydrolysis was observed in sardine (62.89%) followed by soybean (61.24%) when hydrolyzed by alcalase. Kidney pea exhibited highest ACE-I inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 0.517 and 0.521 when hydrolyzed using both trypsin and alcalase, respectively. All the sources selected showed nonsignificant changes in ACE-I inhibitory activity between alcalase and trypsin (p < 0.05) except Bengal gram and chicken. Antioxidant activity was higher in alcalase hydrolyzed egg yolk (43.08%).
Conclusion Among the sources, all animal proteins hydrolyzed using alcalase exhibited significantly higher (p < 0.05) antioxidant activity than trypsin. However, protein hydrolysates prepared from sardine using alcalase would yield bioactive peptides with higher ACE-I inhibitory and antioxidant activity. Therefore, use of alcalase as a substitution for trypsin would be economical for large-scale production. Henceforth, food protein hydrolyzed by alcalase can be used as a functional ingredient for the development of functional or nutraceutical foods to combat lifestyle diseases.
Off-Pump Reduces Risk of Coronary Bypass Grafting in Patients with High MELD-XI Score
Authors: Richter Markus , Moschovas Alexandros , Bargenda Steffen , Freiburger Sebastian , Mukharyamov Murat , Caldonazo Tulio , Kirov Hristo , Doenst Torsten 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background This study aimed to assess the influence of the model of end-stage liver disease without International Normalized Ratio (INR) (MELD-XI) score on outcomes after elective coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) without (Off-Pump) or with (On-Pump) cardiopulmonary bypass.
Methods We calculated MELD-XI (5.11 × ln serum bilirubin + 11.76 × ln serum creatinine in + 9.44) for 3,535 consecutive patients having undergone elective CABG between 2009 and 2020. A MELD-XI threshold was determined using the Youden Index based on receiver operating characteristics. Propensity score matching and logistic regression was performed to identify risk factors for inhospital mortality and Major Adverse Cardiac and Cerebrovascular Event (MACCE).
Results Patients were 68 ± 10 years old (76% male). Average MELD-XI was 10.9 ± 3.25. The MELD-XI threshold was 11. Patients below this threshold had somewhat lower EuroSCORE II than those above (3.5 ± 4 vs. 4.1 ± 4.7, p < 0.01), but mortality was almost four times higher above the threshold (below 1.5% vs. above 6.2%, p < 0.001). Two-thirds of patients received Off-Pump CABG. There was a trend towards higher risk in Off-Pump patients. Mortality was numerically but not statistically different to On-Pump below the MELD XI threshold (1.3 vs. 2.2%, p = 0.34) and was significantly lower above the threshold (4.9 vs. 8.9%, p < 0.02). Off-Pump above the threshold was also associated with less low-output syndrome and fewer strokes. Equalizing baseline differences by propensity matching verified the significant mortality difference above the threshold. Multivariable regression analysis revealed MELD-XI, On-Pump, atrial fibrillation, and the De Ritis quotient (Aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT)/Alanine Aminotransferase (ALAT)) as independent predictors of mortality.
Conclusion Elective CABG patients with elevated MELD-XI scores are at increased risk for perioperative mortality and morbidity. This risk can be significantly mitigated by performing CABG Off-Pump.
Practical Considerations in Computerized Surgical Planning for Frontofacial Surgery
Authors: Blondin Mario S. , Dunson Blake , Runyan Christopher M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe field of frontofacial surgery has advanced considerably, building on the pioneering techniques of Paul Tessier, with computerized surgical planning (CSP) emerging as a critical component. CSP has enhanced the precision and efficiency of surgeries for craniofacial dysostoses and hypertelorism, resulting in improved outcomes. This review delves into the importance of understanding orbital anatomy and the crucial bony and soft tissue landmarks essential to the application of CSP in frontofacial procedures, encompassing Le Fort III and monobloc advancements, as well as the correction of hypertelorism.
Small business development in stabilizing Alberta’s economy (Canada)
Authors: Ressin Marat 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper considers small businesses as an effective sector that solves current problems in the structure of the economy. The study aims to develop a set of measures (tools) for involving small businesses in stabilizing Alberta’s economy. The methodology includes the monitoring of the economy within Alberta’s regional borders over time; statistical analysis of the small business sector before and during the pandemic in the structure of the economy; as well as grouping and converting quantitative measurements into a qualitative summary of the main economic principles. These steps are aimed at developing a set of measures (tools) for involving small businesses in the economy of the province and the country as a whole. The growth of small enterprises ensures a practice focused on productivity, innovation, and society, which is confirmed by the dominant share of small businesses in the gross domestic product created by the dominant share of small businesses in the gross domestic product created by the private sector of the province. Thus, focusing on the economic principles of small businesses, a complex of measures is proposed for mobilization to maximize the economic result at the provincial level in the context of strengthening the national economy. In practice, the findings will help the local government to determine a set of beneficial policies, contributing to the utilization of the advantages of the local economy in the sphere of business production. Entrepreneurs are provided with an opportunity to qualitatively utilize economic opportunities, recognizing the risks of the external environment.
Spatial virtual recovery design technology of ancient buildings based on 3D laser scanning technology
Authors: Wang Jiachun , Song Jungyu , Feng Minxuan 
Published: May 2024

Due to the persistent advancements in science and technology, the implementation of digital technology in the preservation of cultural heritage is progressively expanding. One of the focal points of research lies in the spatial virtual restoration design technology of ancient edifices, which is based on three-dimensional laser scanning technology. The study initially outlines the process of obtaining point cloud data via 3D laser scanning technology and subsequently executes denoising, splicing, and simplification processing on the point cloud. Subsequently, the pre-processed data undergo 3D mesh model construction. Finally, an effective repair technique is implemented to address the void phenomenon present during the modeling process. To construct the implicit surface, the RBF method is employed and new vertices are adjusted, resulting in a more accurate spatial virtual restoration of ancient buildings (ABs). The study found that using the radial basis function based void repair method resulted in a mean void repair accuracy of 92.38% in the west wall, an improvement of 3.08% compared to the Liepa-based method. In addition, this method achieved the highest accuracy of 98.94% on the north wall, improving by 6.37% compared to the Poisson grid editing algorithm. Meanwhile, the RBF-based method repaired cavities in the west wall model with an average runtime of only 20.613 s, resulting in a 19.16 s reduction compared to the Liepa-based method. In addition, the method’s average repair time for the north wall was only 5.364 s, a decrease of 13.28 s compared to the Poisson grid editing algorithm. This shows that combining 3D laser scanning technology and cavity repair technology can acquire high-quality point cloud data of historic structures, create precise 3D models, and achieve spatial virtual restoration. This offers a new and efficient technological approach to preserving and passing down ABs.
Understanding, measuring, and differentiating task enjoyment from foreign language enjoyment
Authors: Li Chengchen , Dewaele Jean-Marc 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study aims to conceptualize and measure task-specific enjoyment and examine its links with
general foreign language enjoyment. A 23-item Task Enjoyment Scale was developed based on interview
data obtained after the completion of an L2 oral task. The scale was subsequently validated with two cohorts of
Chinese university EFL learners. Exploratory factor analysis revealed three dimensions: task enjoyment-self,
task enjoyment-task characteristics, and task enjoyment-social. Further confirmatory
factor analyses confirmed a 10-item Task Enjoyment Scale representing the three-factor structure.
Correlation analyses revealed varying positive relationships between task enjoyment, foreign language enjoyment, and
their dimensions. We highlight that task enjoyment may be the foundation of foreign language enjoyment, and that
learners may also bring enduring foreign language enjoyment to a specific task, contributing to the temporary
experience of task enjoyment, which may be linked to task performance. We conclude that enjoyment, whether
task-specific or general, is vital, and a primary non-linguistic goal for L2 teachers is to make L2 tasks/learning as
enjoyable as possible.
Task complexity, task features, and task anxiety at low L2 proficiency levels
Authors: Donate Angela , Leow Ronald P. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
TBLT is a growing research strand in the instructed second language acquisition (ISLA) literature.
However, there is a paucity of studies on the role of individual differences (ID) such as task anxiety in L2 tasks
(Baralt & Gurzynski-Weiss, 2011; Donate, 2021). Importantly, very few studies have examined this learner factor in connection with task
complexity, and what features in L2 tasks contribute to learners’ anxiety during task performance. To gain a better
understanding of task-related features contributing to task anxiety, two L2 oral narrative tasks with varied cognitive
demands were investigated using a mixed method design. 51 early-stage learners of Spanish performed the two tasks and
responded to a task anxiety scale at two points in time during the tasks. The results showed that the complex task led
to more anxiety than the simple task, but the former also appeared to have led to more enjoyment. At the same time,
learners in the simple task reported experiencing more anxiety after task completion than in the middle. In addition,
code complexity, in particular vocabulary demands, the absence of planning time, oral task modality, and task
repetition1 contributed to task anxiety. The potential benefits of
manipulating specific task features to mitigate the effects of anxiety and increase enjoyment during oral task
performance are discussed in relation to lower proficiency levels.