bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of dietary addition of seaweed and licorice on the immune performance of pigs
Authors: KATAYAMA Masafumi , FUKUDA Tomokazu , OKAMURA Toshihiro , SUZUKI Eisaku , TAMURA Katsuo , SHIMIZU Yuuko , SUDA Yoshihito , SUZUKI Keiichi 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTIn pig production, dietary additive antibiotics are usually used for growth stimulation and disease prevention, although there is public concern about the increased incidence of resistant antibiotics and food safety. It is possible that such antibiotics might be replaced by naturally derived products such as seaweed and licorice. In this study, we evaluated the effect of dietary addition of seaweed and licorice on enhancing the immune function in swine. The animals of each group (eight animals per group) were sensitized at day 42 and 49, and the immunoglobulin production and the expression of cytokines were detected by the ELISA and real‐time PCR. As the results, saliva IgA production of the seaweed‐treated group increased around five times compared to that of control (day 56). Delayed hypersensitivity reaction and IgG production of the seaweed‐treated group increased around 1.8–2.0 times. In addition, enhanced saliva IgA production was detected at day 50 (around two times) and day 51 (around five times) by the licorice treatment, and lower expression level of tumor necrosis factor‐α messenger RNA at day 51 (around 1/25) was observed in the licorice treatment. We conclude that the replacement of antibiotics by naturally derived dietary additives might be feasible for immune system enhancement.
Biopsychosocial Determinants of Men’s Sexual Desire: Testing an Integrative Model
Authors: Carvalho Joana , Nobre Pedro 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
There is a severe lack of studies on male sexual desire and its biopsychosocial determinants. Most of the studies are focused on female sexual interest and are based on the contribution of single dimensions instead of the interaction between them.

Aim
The aim of the present study was to test a conceptual model considering the interrelated role of biopsychosocial factors on male sexual desire. This model allowed us to test not only the unique impact of predictors that are traditionally related to sexual desire, but also how their interaction affects sexual desire in men.

Methods
Two hundred and thirty seven men from the general population were assessed according to age (mean age = 35, standard deviation = 11), medical problems, psychopathology, dyadic adjustment, and cognitive-emotional factors.

Main Outcome Measures
Psychopathology measured by the Brief Symptom Inventory, dysfunctional sexual beliefs measured by the Sexual Dysfunctional Beliefs Questionnaire, thoughts and emotions in sexual context measured by the Sexual Modes Questionnaire, dyadic adjustment measured by the Dyadic Adjustment Scale, medical condition measured by the Medical History Formulation, and sexual desire measured by the Sexual Desire subscale of the International Index of Erectile Function.

Results
Results showed that cognitive factors (sexual beliefs and automatic thoughts during sexual activity) were the best predictors of sexual desire in men. Specifically, beliefs related to restrictive attitudes toward sexuality, erection concerns, and lack of erotic thoughts in sexual context, had a significant direct effect on reduced sexual desire. Moreover, this set of cognitive-emotional factors also mediated the relationship between medical problems, age, and sexual desire.

Conclusions
Results from this integrative approach highlighted the role of cognitive factors related to cultural values (dysfunctional sexual beliefs) and distraction mechanisms during sexual context (automatic thoughts) in male sexual interest. Findings support the need to include cognitive dimensions in the assessment and treatment of sexual desire problems, considering their involvement as vulnerability or resiliency factors for deficient sexual desire in men. Moreover, these factors surpassed the importance of the remaining factors (particularly, of medical factors and psychopathology), showing that, despite the lack of studies, male sexuality is better conceptualized from a biopsychosocial perspective.
Addressing the risk, reading the landscape: The role of agency in regulation
Authors: Haines Fiona 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe literature pertinent to regulation presents disparate views of the role of human agency in regulatory compliance. Some authors assume regulators' and regulatees' capacity for agency to be self‐evident; others show that human agency may be constrained and as a consequence tends toward sustaining the legitimacy of their respective organizations rather than achieving the risk reduction goals prescribed by the regulatory regime. Drawing on Margaret Archer's work (among others'), this article explores how the agency of regulatory actors is critical to the regulatory project yet contingent. This contingency is explored through a comparative analysis of the regulatory responses to an industrial disaster and to counterterrorism efforts at seaports and airports in the wake of the 11 September 2001 (“9/11”) terrorist attacks. This analysis found that problem solving in the pursuit of regulatory goals was most effective when there was political support for the authority of the regulators and respect for their expertise and when the risk of concern could be narrowly defined. These conditions could also reap benefits at the worksite level. However, the capacity of regulators to mobilize resources, exert authority, and transform constraints into opportunities in order to reduce risk could be limited. Tight political control, limited knowledge of the environment to be regulated, and a potentially limitless exposure to risk meant that while agency could still be expressed, it was aimed at goals that included shoring up political legitimacy, enhancing personal authority, and allaying public concern.
Strontium and Lead Isotopic Study of the Carbonate‐hosted Xujiashan Antimony Deposit from Hubei Province, South China: Implications for its Origin
Authors: Shen Neng‐Ping , Peng Jian‐Tang , Hu Rui‐Zhong , Liu Shen , Coulson Ian M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe Xujiashan antimony deposit is hosted by marine carbonates of the Upper Sinian Doushantuo and Dengying Formations in Hubei Province, South China. Our Sr isotopic data from pre‐ and syn‐mineralization calcites that host the mineralization show that the pre‐mineralization calcite displays a narrow range of 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7096 to 0.7097), similar to the ratios of the Sinian seawater, and high Sr concentrations (2645 to 8174 ppm). In contrast, the syn‐mineralization calcite exhibits low Sr concentrations (785 to 2563 ppm) and high 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7109 to 0.7154), which is interpreted as the result of addition of radiogenic strontium during the antimony mineralization. The study of Sr isotopes suggests that their Sr component to the pre‐mineralization calcite derived directly from the host rocks (i.e. the Sinian marine carbonates), while radiogenic 87Sr for the syn‐mineralization calcite derived from the underlying Mesoproterozoic Lengjiaxi Group basement through hydrothermal fluid circulation along the major fault that hosts the mineralization.The Pb isotopic ratios of stibnite are subdivided into two groups (Group A and Group B), Group A is characterized by higher radiogenic lead, with 206Pb/204Pb = 18.874 to 19.288, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.708 to 15.805, and 208Pb/204Pb = 38.642 to 39.001. Group B shows lower lead isotope ratios (206Pb/204Pb = 17.882 to 18.171, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.555 to 15.686, and 208Pb/204Pb = 37.950 to 38.340). The single‐stage model ages of Group A are mainly negative or slightly positive values (‐258 to 3 Ma), while those of Group B range from 636 to 392 Ma, with an average of 495 ± 65 Ma. In addition, there are positive linear correlations among Pb isotopic ratios. These results suggest that the lead of Group A stibnite was mainly derived from the Sinian marine carbonates, and that of Group B stibnite from the underlying Lengjiaxi Group basement. This conclusion is consistent with the results of the Sr isotopes.These results indicate that the Xujiashan deposit is not syngenetic sedimentary and in situ reworked origin as previously considered. The metal (mainly Sb) of this deposit was not only derived from the Sinian host rocks, but also partly derived from the underlying Mesoproterozoic Lengjiaxi Group basement.
Oxidative stress, antioxidant defenses, and schizophrenia
Authors: Ong Wei‐Yi , Sim Kang , Farooqui Akhlaq A. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSchizophrenia is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder with a prevalence of nearly 1% of the world population. Accumulating evidence suggests that increase in production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) along with decrease in antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase) may be closely associated with the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Genes associated with glutamate transmission, dopamine transmission, synaptic plasticity, mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, and neuroinflammation have been closely linked to schizophrenia. Proteins encoded by many of the above genes affect the level of ROS, and lipid mediators that regulate signaling in the brain through cross‐talk among glutamate, dopamine, and eicosanoid receptors. Under physiological conditions, this refines the communication between neurons, glial cells and vascular cells, but in schizophrenia, the cross‐talk might initiate and promote oxidative stress‐mediated abnormal neuronal signaling responsible for symptoms of the disease.
“Rework Program” in Japan: Innovative high‐level rehabilitation
Authors: Akiyama Tsuyoshi , Tsuchiya Masao , Igarashi Yoshio , Ozaki Norio , Yokoyama Motonori , Katagiri Yoko , Tajima Miyuki , Matsunaga Miki , Kitagawa Nobuki , Nakamoto Haruo , Ohno Yutaka , Bernick Peter 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIntroduction: The aim of this paper is to report on the Rework Program, a type of high‐level rehabilitation program developed in Japan, and on Cognitive‐Behavioral Group Therapy for Rework (CBGTR), which was also developed in Japan.Methods: With regard to the Rework Program, we first discuss conceptual issues, including the need for the Rework Program, rework identity, destigmatization as a desired outcome, and the perceived significance of the Rework Program. Its purpose, historical background, framework, criteria for participation, staffing, program categories, and assessment issues are then described. With regard to CBGTR, this paper describes its purpose, historical background, structure, staffing, content, shared themes, and group advantages.Results: As of 30 June 2010, 81 facilities in Japan offer the Rework Program; 55 of these facilities also provide CBGTR.Discussion: In Japan, the Rework Program and CBGTR are established practices. Systematic program standardization and effectiveness studies are currently being performed. These innovations in Japan may provide insight and ideas to colleagues in other regions.
Job satisfaction of the oral health labour force in Australia
Authors: Luzzi L , Spencer AJ 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackground:  Job satisfaction among registered clinical dentists in Australia was measured to identify issues influencing recruitment and retention.Methods:  A questionnaire was mailed to a random sample of 2202 dentists, stratified by state and gender, selected from the 2005 Australian Dental Association directory.Results:  A total of 61.9% of dentists responded. Analyses showed significant differences in levels of satisfaction for various dimensions of job satisfaction by gender, age group, practice type and geographic area. Differences in satisfaction between male and female dentists related to the relationships with colleagues and administrative responsibilities dimensions. Dentists of different age groups differed on eight dimensions: relationships with colleagues, patients, staff; personal time; intrinsic satisfaction; community; administrative responsibilities and resources. Differences among private and public dentists related to autonomy, relationships with patients, staff, community, compensation and resources dimensions. Dentists working in different geographic areas differed on relationships with staff and community dimensions.Conclusions:  Differences existed between private and public dentists, metropolitan and non‐metropolitan dentists, male and female dentists and dentists of different ages. Such differences should be addressed in order to improve recruitment and retention rates of dentists. Workplaces that offer job autonomy, competitive pay, flexible working hours and minimal administrative burden may improve dentist job satisfaction.
Disorders of iron metabolism. Part II: iron deficiency and iron overload
Authors: Muñoz Manuel , García-Erce José Antonio , Remacha Ángel Francisco 
Published: December 2010

Main disorders of iron metabolismIncreased iron requirements, limited external supply, and increased blood loss may lead to iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anaemia. In chronic inflammation, the excess of hepcidin decreases iron absorption and prevents iron recycling, resulting in hypoferraemia and iron restricted erythropoiesis, despite normal iron stores (functional iron deficiency), and finally anaemia of chronic disease (ACD), which can evolve to ACD plus true ID (ACD+ID). In contrast, low hepcidin expression may lead to hereditary haemochromatosis (HH type I, mutations of the HFE gene) and type II (mutations of the hemojuvelin and hepcidin genes). Mutations of transferrin receptor 2 lead to HH type III, whereas those of the ferroportin gene lead to HH type IV. All these syndromes are characterised by iron overload. As transferrin becomes saturated in iron overload states, non-transferrin bound iron appears. Part of this iron is highly reactive (labile plasma iron), inducing free radical formation. Free radicals are responsible for the parenchymal cell injury associated with iron overload syndromes.Role of laboratory testing in diagnosisIn iron deficiency status, laboratory tests may provide evidence of iron depletion in the body or reflect iron deficient red cell production. Increased transferrin saturation and/or ferritin levels are the main cues for further investigation of iron overload. The appropriate combination of different laboratory tests with an integrated algorithm will help to establish a correct diagnosis of iron overload, iron deficiency and anaemia.Review of treatment optionsIndications, advantages and side effects of the different options for treating iron overload (phlebotomy and iron chelators) and iron deficiency (oral or intravenous iron formulations) will be discussed.
Aerobic fitness determines whole-body fat oxidation rate during exercise in the heat
Authors: Del Coso Juan , Hamouti Nassim , Ortega Juan Fernando , Mora-Rodriguez Ricardo 
Published: December 2010

The purpose of this study was to determine whole-body fat oxidation in endurance-trained (TR) and untrained (UNTR) subjects exercising at different intensities in the heat. On 3 occasions, 10 TR cyclists and 10 UNTR healthy subjects (peak oxygen uptake = 60 ± 6 vs. 44 ± 3 mL·kg–1·min–1; p < 0.05) exercised at 40%, 60%, and 80% peak oxygen uptake in a hot, dry environment (36 °C; 25% relative humidity). To complete the same amount of work in all 3 trials, exercise duration varied (107 ± 4, 63 ± 1, and 45 ± 0 min for 40%, 60%, and 80% peak oxygen uptake, respectively). Substrate oxidation was calculated using indirect calorimetry. Blood samples were collected at the end of exercise to determine plasma epinephrine ([EPI]plasma) and norepinephrine ([NEPI]plasma) concentrations. The maximal rate of fat oxidation was achieved at 60% peak oxygen uptake for the TR group (0.41 ± 0.01 g·min–1) and at 40% peak oxygen uptake for the UNTR group (0.28 ± 0.01 g·min–1). TR subjects oxidized absolutely (g·min–1) and relatively (% of total energy expenditure) more fat than UNTR subjects at 60% and 80% peak oxygen uptake (p < 0.05). At these exercise intensities, TR subjects also had higher [NEPI]plasma concentrations than UNTR subjects (p < 0.05). In the heat, whole-body peak fat oxidation occurs at higher relative exercise intensities in TR than in UNTR subjects (60% vs. 40% peak oxygen uptake). Moreover, TR subjects oxidize more fat than UNTR subjects when exercising at moderate to high intensities (>60% peak oxygen uptake).
Effect of elastic-band-based resistance training on leg blood flow in elderly women
Authors: Egaña Mikel , Reilly Heather , Green Simon 
Published: December 2010

The age-related decline in basal limb blood flow appears to be related to the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome, noninsulin-dependent diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Resistance training improves basal limb blood flow and vascular conductance in middle-aged men and women, but it is unknown whether similar vascular effects of training occur in the elderly. This study aimed to examine the effects of a 12-week progressive resistance training program using elastic bands on basal leg blood flow, vascular conductance, and functional performance in postmenopausal elderly women. Sixteen healthy postmenopausal females (age, 67 ± 5 years) were randomly assigned to a control (n = 8) or resistance training (n = 8) group, where they underwent 2 supervised strength sessions per week for 12 weeks. Prior to and at completion of this 12-week period, functional and strength performance and leg haemodynamic responses were measured. The training intervention produced significant increases in basal leg blood flow (31%), vascular conductance (34%), and a significant reduction in cardiac work (i.e., rate pressure product) at rest, as well as significant improvements in the 3 functional ability tests performed (30-s bicep curl, 30-s sit to stand, and back scratch). Haemodynamic or functional performance responses were not altered after the 12 weeks in the control group. This study demonstrates that a resistance training program using elastic bands elicits significant improvements in basal leg blood flow in postmenopausal elderly women.
Effects and reproducibility of aerobic and resistance exercise on appetite and energy intake in young, physically active adults
Authors: Laan Derek J. , Leidy Heather J. , Lim Eunjung , Campbell Wayne W. 
Published: December 2010

Appetite and meal energy intake (MEI) following aerobic (AEx) and resistance (REx) exercises were evaluated in 19 young, active adults. The participants completed duplicate 35-min sessions of AEx, REx, and sedentary control, and consumed an ad libitum pasta meal 30 min postsession. Hunger transiently decreased after AEx but was not influenced by REx. MEI was 14% to 18% higher after AEx and REx than control. These findings are consistent with exercise-stimulated ingestive behavior, not anorexia of exercise.
Associations between diet quality and physical activity measures among a southern Ontario regional sample of grade 6 students
Authors: Woodruff Sarah J. , Hanning Rhona M. 
Published: December 2010

The purpose of this study was to determine diet quality and physical activity behaviours of grade 6 students by sex and body weight status, and to determine the associations between diet quality and physical activity behaviours. The Web-based Food Behaviour Questionnaire, which included a 24-h diet recall and the modified Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C), was administered to a cross-section of schools (n = 405 students from 15 schools). Measured height and weight were used to calculate body mass index and weight status (Cole et al. 2000). A Canadian version of the Healthy Eating Index (HEI-C) was used to describe overall diet quality. The mean HEI-C was 69.6 (13.2) with the majority (72%) falling into the needs improvement category. The overall mean physical activity score was 3.7 out of a maximum of 5, with obese subjects being less active compared with normal weight and overweight (p < 0.001). Ordinal logistic regression analysis (of HEI-C vs. all measures of the PAQ-C, sex, and weight status) revealed that HEI-C ratings were likely to be higher in students that walked to and from school 5 days per week (vs. 0 days per week; odds ratio 3.18, p = 0.010); and were active 1 evening per week (vs. none; odds ratio 3.48, p = 0.039). The positive association between diet quality and some aspects of physical activity suggests possible clustering of health behaviours. Future research should test the potential benefits of promoting 1 health behaviour (e.g., healthy eating) with another (e.g., physical activity).
Dose-responses of Bacillus cereus RS87 for growth enhancement in various Thai rice cultivars
Authors: Jetiyanon Kanchalee , Plianbangchang Pinyupa 
Published: December 2010

To achieve the goal of reducing the levels of chemical fertilizers applied in rice production, there is a need to develop microorganisms with the capacity to enhance plant growth. Previous studies have demonstrated that Bacillus cereus RS87 promotes growth of various plants in greenhouse and field trials. The objectives of this study were to (i) evaluate the efficacy and determine the optimum concentration of B. cereus RS87 to enhance growth of various Thai rice cultivars, (ii) measure the chlorophyll content in leaves affected by strain RS87, and (iii) investigate the capacity of strain RS87 to solubilize phosphate and produce siderophores. Three concentrations of strain RS87 (log 6.0, log 7.0, and log 8.0 CFU/mL) were applied to each rice cultivar. Superior responses (i.e., enhanced development of roots and shoots of all rice cultivars) were observed using RS87 at log 8.0 CFU/mL compared with lower bacterial concentrations and the water-treated control treatment. In addition, log 8.0 CFU/mL of RS87 provided the greatest root length and plant height of all rice cultivars 45 days after planting in the greenhouse. Rice leaves treated with log 8.0 CFU/mL of RS87 yielded the highest total chlorophyll, specifically chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, compared with the control. Strain RS87 also solubilized phosphate and produced siderophores. The results of these studies demonstrate that log 8.0 CFU/mL is the optimum concentration of strain RS87 for growth promotion of various Thai rice cultivars.
Accumulation and role of compatible solutes in fast-growing Salinivibrio costicola subsp. yaniae
Authors: Zhu Daochen , Zhang Weimin , Zhang Qingbo , Nagata Shinichi 
Published: December 2010

The moderately halophilic bacterium Salinivibrio costicola subsp. yaniae showed an extremely fast growth rate. Optimal growth was observed in artificial seawater containing 1.4 mol/L NaCl and in MM63 media containing 0.6 mol/L NaCl. We analyzed a variety of compatible solutes that had accumulated in this strain grown in the media. The supplementation effect of the compatible solutes glycine betaine, glutamate, and ectoine to the growth of S. costicola subsp. yaniae was examined. Glycine betaine and glutamate had no supplementation effect on the fast growth rate. Growth of salt-sensitive mutants MU1 and MU2, both of which were defective in the ability to synthesize ectoine, was not observed in MM63 medium in the presence of more than 1.0 mol/L NaCl. From these data, we conclude that ectoine was the predominant compatible solute synthesized in this bacterium that effected an extremely fast growth rate.