bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RETHINKING CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT FOR CRITICAL DEVELOPMENT PRACTICE. INQUIRY INTO A POSTGRADUATE PROGRAMME
Authors: Belda Sergio , Boni Alejandra , Peris Jordi , Terol Lucía 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTOur proposal focuses on a theoretical framework intended to characterise and understand capacity development processes oriented towards the promotion of a critical development practice, an approach that faces the tensions between reformist and critical views of development management. This is what we call capacity development for emancipatory social change. From this viewpoint, we explore a postgraduate university programme in development management offered by theUniversidad Politécnica de Valencia(Spain), with a twofold aim: first, to carry out an inquiry of the programme as a capacity development process in the training of critical development practitioners and second, to discuss the suitability of the framework for understanding similar capacity development processes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
p53 and Sp1 cooperate to regulate the expression of epstein–barr viral Zta protein
Authors: Chua Huey‐Huey , Chiu Hsin‐Yi , Lin Sue‐Jane , Weng Pei‐Lun , Lin Jiun‐Han , Wu Shao‐Wen , Tsai Shu‐Chun , Tsai Ching‐Hwa 
Published: June 2012

AbstractEpstein–Barr virus (EBV) belongs to the gammaherpesvirus family. To produce infectious progeny, EBV reactivates from latency into the lytic cycle by expressing the determinative lytic transactivator, Zta. In the presence of histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), p53 is a prerequisite for the initiation of the EBV lytic cycle by facilitating the expression of Zta. In this study, a serial mutational analysis of Zta promoter (Zp) indicated an important role for the ZID element in responding to HDACi induction and p53 binds to this ZID element together with Sp1, a universal transcription factor. Abolition of the DNA‐binding ability of Sp1 reduces the inducibility of ZID by HDACi and also reduces the amount of p53 binding to ZID. Finally, it was shown that EBV in p53‐positive‐lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) can enter into the lytic cycle spontaneously; however, knockdown of p53 in LCLs leads to retardation of EBV reactivation. J. Med. Virol. 84: 1279–1288, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dynamics of pregnancy‐associated polyomavirus urinary excretion: A prospective longitudinal study
Authors: McClure Gloria B. , Gardner J. Suzette , Williams Jason T. , Copeland Christina M. , Sylvester Sarah K. , Garcea Robert L. , Meinerz Natalie M. , Groome Lynn J. , Vanchiere John A. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAsymptomatic polyomaviruria of pregnancy has been documented in point prevalence studies, but little attention has been given to the dynamics of polyomavirus excretion during pregnancy because of its benign course. We tested the hypothesis that the frequency and/or magnitude of polyomavirus excretion would increase as pregnancy progresses. Urine specimens were obtained prospectively from 179 healthy women during uncomplicated pregnancies and 37 healthy non‐pregnant women. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction was used to determine BK virus (BKV) and JC virus (JCV) viral loads in urine, blood, and rectal and vaginal swabs collected during routine obstetric and gynecologic clinic visits. Asymptomatic urinary shedding of BKV and/or JCV was observed in 384 (48.0%) of 800 specimens from 100 (55.8%) pregnant women. BKV excretion was more common in pregnant than non‐pregnant women (41.3% vs. 13.5%, P = 0.0026). The frequency of JCV excretion was no different in pregnant compared to non‐pregnant women. The frequency and magnitude of polyomavirus shedding did not vary with gestational age. Post‐partum shedding of BKV, but not JCV, rapidly decreased to undetectable levels. Pregnancy‐associated BKV excretion begins early in pregnancy and terminates rapidly post‐partum. Neither the frequency nor magnitude of BKV or JCV shedding increased with pregnancy progression. Further study into the host factors that regulate pregnancy‐associated BKV excretion may allow identification of the host factors that predict susceptibility to BKV‐associated diseases in immune compromised patients. J. Med. Virol. 84: 1312–1322, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A stability result for abstract evolution problems
Authors: Ramm A. G. 
Published: June 2012

Consider an abstract evolution problem in a Hilbert space H
urn:x-wiley:1704214:media:mma2603:mma2603-math-0001
where A(t) is a linear, closed, densely defined operator in H with domain independent of t ≥ 0 and G(t,u) is a nonlinear operator such that ‖G(t,u)‖a(t) ‖u‖p, p = const > 1, ‖f(t)‖ ≤ b(t). We allow the spectrum of A(t) to be in the right half‐plane Re(λ) < λ0(t), λ0(t) > 0, but assume that limt → ∞λ0(t) = 0.Under suitable assumptions on a(t) and b(t), the boundedness of ‖u(t)‖ as t → ∞ is proved. If f(t) = 0, the Lyapunov stability of the zero solution to problem (1) with u0 = 0 is established. For f ≠ 0, sufficient conditions for the Lyapunov stability are given. The novel point in our study of the stability of the solutions to abstract evolution equations is the possibility for the linear operator A(t) to have spectrum in the half‐plane Re(λ) < λ0(t) with λ0(t) > 0 and limt → ∞λ0(t) = 0 at a suitable rate. The new technique, proposed in the paper, is based on an application of a novel nonlinear differential inequality. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanocomposite films of poly(vinylidene fluoride) filled with polyvinylpyrrolidone‐coated multiwalled carbon nanotubes: Enhancement of β‐polymorph formation and tensile properties
Authors: El Achaby Mounir , Arrakhiz Fatima‐Ezzahra , Vaudreuil Sébastien , Essassi El Mokhtar , Qaiss Abouelkacem , Bousmina Mostapha 
Published: June 2012

AbstractTo improve interactions between carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) matrix, multiwalled CNTs (MWCNTs) were successfully coated with amphiphilic polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) using an ultrasonication treatment performed in aqueous solution. It was found that PVP chains could be attached noncovalently onto the nanotubes' surface, enabling a stable dispersion of MWCNTs in both water and N,N‐dimethylformamide. PVP‐coated MWCNTs/PVDF nanocomposite films were prepared by a solution casting method. The strong specific dipolar interaction between the PVP's carbonyl group (CO) and the PVDF's fluorine group CF2 results in high compatibility between PVP and PVDF, helping PVP‐coated MWCNTs to be homogenously dispersed within PVDF. Fourier transform infrared and X‐ray diffraction characterization revealed that the as‐prepared nanocomposite PVDF films exhibit a purely β‐polymorph even at a very low content of PVP‐wrapped MWCNTs (0.1 wt%) while this phase is totally absent in the corresponding unmodified MWCNTs/PVDF nanocomposites. A possible mechanism of β‐phase formation in PVP‐coated MWCNTs/PVDF nanocomposites has been discussed. Furthermore, the tensile properties of PVDF nanocomposites as function of the content in PVP‐coated MWCNTs were also studied. Results shows that the addition of 2.0 wt% of PVP‐coated MWCNTs lead to a 168% increase in Young's modulus and a 120% in tensile strength. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Alterations of the RANKL pathway in blood and bone marrow samples of prostate cancer patients without bone metastases
Authors: Todenhöfer Tilman , Hennenlotter Jörg , Schmiedel Benjamin Joachim , Hohneder Andrea , Grimm Sabrina , Kühs Ursula , Salih Helmut Rainer , Bühring Hans‐Jörg , Fehm Tanja , Gakis Georgios , Blumenstock Gunnar , Aufderklamm Stefan , Schilling David , Stenzl Arnulf , Schwentner Christian 
Published: June 2012

AbstractOBJECTIVESThe receptor activator of the NF‐kB ligand (RANKL) pathway is a key mediator of prostate cancer (PC)‐induced bone disease. However, little is known about this pathway in patients with non‐metastatic PC. We aimed to investigate whether changes of RANKL, its inhibitor osteoprotegerin (OPG) and bone marrow‐mesenchymal stromal cells (BM‐MSCs) occur in PC patients without manifest bone metastases.PATIENTS AND METHODSWe determined OPG and soluble RANKL (sRANKL) in serum and corresponding bone marrow (BM) samples of 140 patients before radical prostatectomy by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). As control serum samples of 50 patients with benign prostate hyperplasia were analyzed. BM mononuclear cells (BMNCs) of 16 PC patients were analyzed for expression of RANKL and CD271 (as marker for MSCs) by flow cytometry.RESULTSPC patients had significantly lower serum levels of OPG compared to BPH patients (P = 0.007), whereas no differences were observed for serum sRANKL (P = 0.74). Both OPG and sRANKL concentrations of serum and corresponding BM samples correlated significantly (P < 0.0001 each). Interestingly, in PC patients, lower serum and BM OPG levels were associated with a higher proportion of BM‐MSCs (P = 0.04 and 0.0016, respectively). No correlations were observed for sRANKL, OPG, BM‐MSCs, and established risk parameters of PC.DISCUSSIONThe results of the study indicate that localized PC is associated with early specific changes of the RANKL pathway in serum and bone marrow (BM). These changes might be part of the pre‐metastatic niche of PC and implicate a potential benefit of RANKL inhibition in patients with localized PC. Prostate 73: 162–168, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Computing redox potentials for dyes used in p‐type dye‐sensitized solar cells
Authors: Anne Frédéric B. , Galland Nicolas , Jacquemin Denis 
Published: June 2012

AbstractUsing density functional theory, we evaluate the redox potentials of inorganic dyes (hole injectors) used in the p‐type dye sensitized solar cells. First, the theoretical level has been benchmarked for a prototypical case, by carefully considering all aspects of the model (basis set, pseudopotential, functional, solvent model, and thermodynamic cycle). This allowed to pinpoint a simple yet efficient approach providing theoretically converged values. In a second step, our results are compared to available experimental data for a series of recently synthesized ruthenium dyes differing by their anchoring group. As most theoretical investigations up to now have been focussed on n‐type dyes and therefore on oxidation potentials, the proposed approach is a step toward a more rational design of both p‐type and tandem dye‐sensitized solar cell devices. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecular dynamics approach to sodium–water reaction compensating macroscopic heat and mass flow dynamics for LMFBR safety
Authors: Fukushima Kimichika , Ugawa Yukio , Endo Hiroshi , Shindo Yoshihisa , Tatewaki Isao , Haga Kazuo , Inoue Masaaki 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe potential (reaction) energy and reaction rate of an accidental sodium−water reaction are investigated for fast breeder nuclear reactor safety. The potential energy is calculated using the molecular orbital method with accurate Gaussian Quadratures in the density functional scheme. The gaseous reaction rate analysis focuses on collision theory rather than transition state theory; the latter of which is more for solvents/solutions. The rate constant was derived using classical molecular dynamics (MDs) in two dimensions (2D) with the rigid sphere model. The MD calculation reveals analytic sequences suppressing error accumulations and time consumptions. The 2D result is converted to the 3D value via a corresponding cross section ratio with a form factor, reproducing the experimental value. The availability of microscopic results to macroscopic flow dynamics is appended; renormalizing the kinematic viscosity coefficient with scale‐independent constants. An effective (pseudo‐) MD for the heat transfer is also appended. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fuel: a fast general purpose object graph serializer
Authors: Dias Martín , Peck Mariano Martinez , Ducasse Stéphane , Arévalo Gabriela 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYBecause objects need to be stored and reloaded on different environments, serializing object graphs is a very important activity. There is a plethora of serialization frameworks with different requirements and design trade‐offs. Most of them are based on recursive parsing of the object graphs, an approach which often is too slow. In addition, most of them prioritize a language‐agnostic format instead of speed and language‐specific object serialization. For the same reason, such serializers usually do not support features such as class‐shape changes, global references or executing pre and post load actions. Looking for speed, some frameworks are partially implemented at Virtual Machine (VM) level, hampering code portability and making them difficult to understand, maintain and extend.In this paper, we present Fuel, a general‐purpose object serializer based on these principles: (1) speed, through a compact binary format and a pickling algorithm which invests time in serialization for obtaining the best performance on materialization; (2) good object‐oriented design, without special help at VM; and (3) serialize any object, thus have a full‐featured language‐specific format.We implement and validate this approach in Pharo, where we demonstrate that Fuel is faster than other serializers, even those with special VM support. The extensibility of Fuel made possible to successfully serialize various objects: classes in Newspeak, debugger stacks, and full content management system object graphs. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stochastic Choice of Allelic Expression in Human Neural Stem Cells
Authors: Jeffries Aaron R. , Perfect Leo W. , Ledderose Julia , Schalkwyk Leonard C. , Bray Nicholas J. , Mill Jonathan , Price Jack 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Monoallelic gene expression, such as genomic imprinting, is well described. Less well-characterized are genes undergoing stochastic monoallelic expression (MA), where specific clones of cells express just one allele at a given locus. We performed genome-wide allelic expression assessment of human clonal neural stem cells derived from cerebral cortex, striatum, and spinal cord, each with differing genotypes. We assayed three separate clonal lines from each donor, distinguishing stochastic MA from genotypic effects. Roughly 2% of genes showed evidence for autosomal MA, and in about half of these, allelic expression was stochastic between different clones. Many of these loci were known neurodevelopmental genes, such as OTX2 and OLIG2. Monoallelic genes also showed increased levels of DNA methylation compared to hypomethylated biallelic loci. Identified monoallelic gene loci showed altered chromatin signatures in fetal brain, suggesting an in vivo correlate of this phenomenon. We conclude that stochastic allelic expression is prevalent in neural stem cells, providing clonal diversity to developing tissues such as the human brain.
The Caenorhabditis elegans epidermis as a model skin. I: development, patterning, and growth
Authors: Chisholm Andrew D. , Hsiao Tiffany I. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe skin of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is composed of a simple epidermal epithelium and overlying cuticle. The skin encloses the animal and plays central roles in body morphology and physiology; its simplicity and accessibility make it a tractable genetic model for several aspects of skin biology. Epidermal precursors are specified by a hierarchy of transcriptional regulators. Epidermal cells form on the dorsal surface of the embryo and differentiate to form the epidermal primordium, which then spreads out in a process of epiboly to enclose internal tissues. Subsequent elongation of the embryo into a vermiform larva is driven by cell shape changes and cell fusions in the epidermis. Most epidermal cells fuse in mid‐embryogenesis to form a small number of multinucleate syncytia. During mid‐embryogenesis the epidermis also becomes intimately associated with underlying muscles, performing a tendon‐like role in transmitting muscle force. Post‐embryonic development of the epidermis involves growth by addition of new cells to the syncytia from stem cell‐like epidermal seam cells and by an increase in cell size driven by endoreplication of the chromosomes in epidermal nuclei. WIREs Dev Biol 2012 doi: 10.1002/wdev.79This article is categorized under:

Early Embryonic Development > Development to the Basic Body Plan
Invertebrate Organogenesis > Worms
Serum Autotaxin is not a Useful Biomarker for Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Nakamura Kazuhiro , Igarashi Koji , Ohkawa Ryunosuke , Yokota Hiromitsu , Masuda Akiko , Nakagawa Shunsuke , Yano Tetsu , Ikeda Hitoshi , Aoki Junken , Yatomi Yutaka 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAutotaxin (ATX) is a glycoprotein that was first identified in the conditioned medium of human melanoma cells as an autocrine motility factor. It possesses lysophospholipase D activity, producing the bioactive lipid mediator lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) from lysophosphatidylcholine. Enhanced expression of ATX mRNA has been reported in various cancer cells and tissues, and it has been speculated that ATX overexpression in cancer cells may be associated with aberrant LPA production. LPA and ATX have been implicated in cancer progression and metastasis, and ovarian cancer is a representative example. In the present study, we measured the serum ATX antigen levels in patients with ovarian cancer and evaluated the usefulness of this parameter for clinical laboratory testing. The serum ATX antigen levels were not increased in ovarian cancer patients as compared with the levels in healthy subjects, and the serum ATX may not be useful as a biomarker for ovarian cancer.
Pes planovalgus deformity surgical correction in ambulatory children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Kadhim Muayad , Holmes Laurens , Church Chris , Henley John , Miller Freeman 
Published: June 2012

Purpose Planovalgus foot deformity is common in diplegic and quadriplegic patients. Surgery is the definitive treatment to restore the alignment of the talus, calcaneus, and navicular bones. We aimed, in the current study, to compare the effectiveness of subtalar fusion and calcaneal lengthening, and to assess the recurrence in ambulatory children with cerebral palsy. Methods This is a retrospective study of 78 patients (138 feet diagnosed with planovalgus deformity) who underwent surgical correction using subtalar fusion or calcaneal lengthening. Range of motion, radiographic indices, kinematic, and pedobarographic data were used to examine the deformity and the outcome of surgery. A repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the study hypothesis. Results Most of the patients were diplegic (87.2 %) and the mean age at surgery was 11.9 ± 2.9 years (range from 4.7 to 18.3 years), with a mean follow-up of 5 ± 4.4 years (range from 1 to 15.4 years). Sixty-three feet were treated with calcaneal lengthening, while 75 were treated with subtalar fusion. The feet treated with subtalar fusion were more severe preoperatively. However, both surgery groups showed improvement postoperatively. Among 12 cases of recurrence, medial column fusion was the main surgery performed to correct the deformity. Conclusions Surgery is effective in the treatment of planovalgus deformity in ambulatory children with cerebral palsy. Severe and rigid planovalgus feet can be treated effectively with subtalar fusion. Feet with milder deformity show good results, with calcaneal lengthening. Surgery provides good correction in young patients, but there is a higher recurrence rate.
Marital Fertility Decline in the Netherlands: Child Mortality, Real Wages, and Unemployment, 1860–1939
Authors: Schellekens Jona , van Poppel Frans 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPrevious studies of the fertility decline in Europe are often limited to an earlier stage of the marital fertility decline, when the decline tended to be slower and before the large increase in earnings in the 1920s. Starting in 1860 (before the onset of the decline), this study follows marital fertility trends until 1939, when fertility reached lower levels than ever before. Using data from the Historical Sample of the Netherlands (HSN), this study shows that mortality decline, a rise in real income, and unemployment account for the decline in the Netherlands. This finding suggests that marital fertility decline was an adjustment to social and economic change, leaving little room for attitudinal change that is independent of social and economic change.
Pre‐eclampsia/eclampsia and hepatic rupture
Authors: Vigil‐De Gracia Paulino , Ortega‐Paz Luis 
Published: June 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo review case reports of hepatic hematoma/rupture in women with pre‐eclampsia/eclampsia.MethodsMEDLINE, SciELO, and LILACS databases were searched for case reports of pre‐eclampsia/eclampsia with hepatic hematoma/rupture. Only articles written in English, Spanish, French, or Portuguese and published between 1990 and 2010 were reviewed.ResultsIn total, 180 cases of hepatic hematoma or rupture were identified: 18 (10.0%) with subcapsular hematoma without hepatic rupture; and 162 (90.0%) with capsule rupture. Twelve (6.7%) cases were associated with eclampsia plus hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count (HELLP) syndrome. Average age was 30.9 ± 5.0 years, 74/129 (57.4%) women were parous, and cesarean delivery was performed in 132/162 (81.5%) cases. The right lobule was the most frequently affected 77/100 (77.0%). The total maternal mortality rate was 22.2% during the 21 years; however, it decreased to 16.4% in the last decade studied. The perinatal mortality rate was 30.7% and was very similar during the 2 decades.ConclusionHELLP syndrome is a frequent diagnosis (92.8%) in hepatic hemorrhage/rupture. The major reduction in maternal mortality rate was probably associated with advances in resuscitation, intensive‐care medicine, and surgical intervention, including liver transplantation and arterial embolization.
Bicultural self‐defense in consumer contexts: Self‐protection motives are the basis for contrast versus assimilation to cultural cues
Authors: Mok Aurelia , Morris Michael W. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractStudies of social judgment found that the way bicultural individuals respond to cultural cues depends on their cultural identity structure. Biculturals differ in the degree to which they represent their two cultural identities as integrated (vs. nonintegrated), which is assessed as high (vs. low) bicultural identity integration (BII), respectively. High BII individuals assimilate to cultural cues, yet low BII individuals contrast to these cues. The current studies reveal that this dynamic extends to consumer behavior and elucidate the underlying psychological mechanism. We found that high (low) BII individuals exhibit assimilation (contrast) responses to cultural cues in consumer information‐seeking and choice. Furthermore, the pattern occurs with both subliminal (study 1) and supraliminal (study 2) cultural primes, and is mediated by the experience of identity exclusion threat (study 2). Results suggest that the interactive effect of BII and cultural cues arises from nonconscious defense against the exclusion of a cultural identity. Implications for self‐protective processes, automatic behavior, and marketing are discussed.
Ensuring Accountability and Transparency through Integrated Public Management Systems
Authors: Apaza Carmen R. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractGovernment efforts to prevent corruption vary from reformulating laws and regulations to establishing control and oversight mechanisms such as integrated public management systems within central and local governments. However, several technical issues as well as social-political events may critically affect its effectiveness. This article addresses this issue by analyzing the Integrated Management System and Administrative Modernization (SIGMA for its acronym in Spanish) established in Bolivia through a World Bank US$15 million loan. Possible solutions and next steps to improve its effectiveness that can be applied to other countries are suggested.