bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conception, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Original Discodermolide Analogues
Authors: de Lemos Elsa , Agouridas Evangelos , Sorin Geoffroy , Guerreiro Antonio , Commerçon Alain , Pancrazi Ange , Betzer Jean‐François , Lannou Marie‐Isabelle , Ardisson Janick 
Published: July 2011

AbstractDue to its intriguing biological activity profile and potential chemotherapeutic application discodermolide (DDM) proved to be an attractive target. Therefore, notable efforts have been carried out directed toward its total synthesis and toward the production and evaluation of synthetic analogues. Recently, we achieved the total synthesis of DDM. At the present, guided by the knowledge gained during our DDM total synthesis and by the requirement of keeping the bioactive “U” shape conformation, we report the convergent preparation of five original analogues. Three types of changes were realized through modification of the terminal (Z)‐diene moiety, of the methyl group at the C14‐position, and the lactone region. All analogues were active in the nanomolar range and two of them turned out to be equipotent to DDM.
A numerical postprocessing procedure for analyzing radio frequency MRI coils
Authors: Lemdiasov Rostislav A. , Obi Aghogho A. , Ludwig Reinhold 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe design and construction of radio frequency (RF) coils for application‐specific magnetic resonance imaging purposes are generally extensive, iterative engineering endeavors that involve multiple electromagnetic simulations followed by tuning and matching on the bench. Computational models of RF coil structures typically take into account the conductor topology; however, they do not address the deployment of lumped circuit elements for tuning, matching, and decoupling. As a result, the design engineer must frequently resort to exhaustive trial‐and‐error attempts to ensure that the coil, or coil array, is functional at the target resonance frequency. Because coil losses are often not easily predictable in simulations, the final result can be an inferior prototype construction. In this article, a general numerical procedure is outlined that enables the effective simulation and performance comparison of RF coils. The procedure relies on an integrated modeling approach, which combines full‐wave electromagnetic simulations with a scattering parameter network representation of all relevant tuning, matching, and decoupling elements. With this combined distributed‐lumped simulation approach, detailed comparative studies can be conducted on the basis of a figure of merit parameter that is proportional to the signal‐to‐noise ratio. Furthermore, major loss mechanisms affecting coil performance can readily be identified and quantified. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 38: 133–147, 2011.
An adaptive MR‐compatible lens and objective
Authors: Maclaren J. , Schneider F. , Herbst M. , Hennig J. , Bammer R. , Zaitsev M. , Wallrabe U. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis work presents an MR‐compatible adaptive liquid lens, designed to form part of an in‐bore optical imaging system. The lens is integrated into a wide‐angle objective, which is suitable for use with a camera mounted above the head coil to monitor subject head motion. Compatibility tests indicate that focusing of the lens is unaffected by the static, gradient, or radio frequency (RF) fields of the scanner. Field mapping shows that no B0 field distortions are visible with the system mounted 55 mm above a water‐filled phantom. The total increase in RF noise observed on a 1.5‐T system when using the lens and lighting setup is less than 2%, and this is mostly attributable to the lighting. This work was originally motivated by head tracking for prospective motion correction; however, the lens may have other applications whenever high‐quality optical images are required in the MR environment and motion of the object makes a fixed lens unsuitable. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 39B: 141–148, 2011
Prolyl hydroxylase‐2 (PHD2) exerts tumor‐suppressive activity in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Su Yun , Loos Martin , Giese Natalia , Metzen Eric , Büchler Markus W. , Friess Helmut , Kornberg Arno , Büchler Peter 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Pancreatic cancer is 1 of the most common and poorly treated tumors. In search of new therapeutic approaches, the oxygen sensors prolyl hydroxylases (PHD) are potential targets. PHD2 is considered the key oxygen sensor‐regulating hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF). Currently, there is conflicting evidence regarding the exact role of PHD2 in tumorigenesis. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of PHD2 in pancreatic cancer growth and progression.METHODS:PHD2 expression was analyzed by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis and immunohistochemistry in human tissue specimens and cell lines. Knockdown of PHD2 was done by using short‐interfering RNAs (siRNAs) specific against PHD2, and PHD2 overexpression was achieved by stable combinational DNA transfection. In vivo, an orthotopic murine model was used. Angiogenic cytokines were assessed with enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays, and invasion was studied with Matrigel assays.RESULTS:PHD2 expression was not altered substantially in cancer tissues and their metastases. Lymph node‐negative tissues had higher levels of PHD2 than lymph node‐positive tissues. PHD2 was hypoxia‐inducible in pancreatic cancer cell lines and regulated cell growth through cyclin D1 down‐regulation samples with PHD2 suppression and through p21 up‐regulation in samples with of PHD2 overexpression. In vivo, PHD2 caused tumor growth retardation and reduced tumor invasion by inhibiting angiogenesis. This observation was caused by the suppression of angiogenic cytokines and tumor invasion.CONCLUSIONS:The current results indicated that PHD2 plays an important role in pancreatic tumorigenesis. In summary, the authors concluded that PHD2 may function as a tumor suppressor gene in pancreatic cancer and, thus, may define a potential target for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Progression‐free and overall survival in patients with relapsed/refractory germ cell tumors treated with single‐agent chemotherapy: Endpoints for clinical trial design
Authors: Feldman Darren R. , Patil Sujata , Trinos Michael J. , Carousso Maryann , Ginsberg Michelle S. , Sheinfeld Joel , Bajorin Dean F. , Bosl George J. , Motzer Robert J. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Refractory germ cell tumor (GCT) patients have a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. The identification of novel active agents may be impaired by use of response as the primary endpoint in phase 2 trials. Improved endpoints could enhance the development of new effective agents.METHODS:The characteristics and outcome of refractory GCT patients enrolled in 7 single‐agent phase 2 trials conducted at Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center from 1990 to 2008 were reviewed. The study agents were suramin, all‐transretinoic acid, topotecan, pyrazoloacridine, temozolomide, ixabepilone, and sunitinib. The major endpoints evaluated were response, progression‐free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS).RESULTS:Ninety patients (87 male, 3 female) were treated. The primary tumor site was testis in 65 patients, mediastinum in 17 patients, retroperitoneum in 4 patients, and other in 4 patients. Eighty‐six patients had nonseminoma, and 4 patients had pure seminoma. Best responses were 1 (1%) partial response (ixabepilone), 15 (17%) stable disease, and 74 (82%) progressive disease. Median PFS and OS were 1.0 month (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8‐1.3) and 4.7 months (95% CI, 3.5‐6.4), respectively. Eighty‐six of the 90 patients have died. The 12‐ and 16‐week PFS rates were 9% (95% CI, 3‐15%) and 6% (95% CI, 1%‐11%), respectively.CONCLUSIONS:Patients with refractory GCT progressed rapidly to these single agents. PFS and OS may be useful endpoints for designing phase 2 trials testing novel agents in this population. Twelve‐week PFS (with comparison to the 9% benchmark rate reported herein) is the recommended endpoint for phase 2 trial design and median OS (using 4.7 months as the predicted median for the control arm) is suggested for phase 3 trials. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
A novel Haar wavelet‐based vector BPSK–OFDM robust to channel spectral nulls and with reduced cyclic prefix length and PAPR
Authors: Huang X.L. , Wang G. , Hu F. 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYThe performance of OFDM systems may be degraded when intersymbol interference (ISI) channels have spectral nulls. The communication overhead because of the insertion of the cyclic prefix is high when ISI channels have many taps. Recently, the precoded OFDM systems and vector OFDM (VOFDM) systems were proposed to combat these two problems, respectively. This paper proposes a novel vector binary phase‐shift keying (BPSK)–OFDM system based on Haar wavelet transformation. The Haar wavelet transformation performs decomposition over the vector information symbols produced by a BPSK modulator. It shows that half of the information symbols are zero and the rest are or . Then, the vector BPSK–OFDM becomes the precoded OFDM, which inserts one or more zeros between two sets of K consecutive information symbols. This precoding scheme is able to remove the spectral nulls of an ISI channel without knowing the ISI (like conventional precoded OFDM systems), and it has the same cyclic prefix length as VOFDM systems. The proposed OFDM systems show better robustness to the spectral nulls channel, compared with the conventional VOFDM systems. Because of the insertion of (M −K) zeros between two sets of K consecutive information symbols, the conventional precoded OFDM systems have the data rate expanded and signal‐to‐noise power ratio reduced by 10 log 10(M∕K) dB compared with the proposed OFDM systems. Moreover, because half of the information symbols are zeros after Haar wavelet transformation, the proposed OFDM system can further reduce the transmitting peak‐to‐average power ratio. Finally, we compare the proposed OFDM systems with the precoded OFDM and VOFDM systems. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intradermal immunization in the ear with cholera toxin and its non‐toxic β subunit promotes efficient Th1 and Th17 differentiation dependent on migrating DCs
Authors: Meza‐Sánchez David , Pérez‐Montesinos Gibrán , Sánchez‐García Javier , Moreno José , Bonifaz Laura C. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe nature of CD4+ T‐cell responses after skin immunization and the role of migrating DCs in the presence of adjuvants in the elicited response are interesting issues to be investigated. Here, we evaluated the priming of CD4+ T cells following ear immunization with low doses of model antigens in combination with either cholera toxin (CT) or the non‐toxic β CT subunit (CTB) as an adjuvant. Following immunization with CT, we found efficient antigen presentation that is reflected in the production of IFN‐γ and IL‐17 by CD4+ T cells over IL‐4 or IL‐5 production. The CTB‐induced activation of DCs in the ear occurred without visible inflammation, which reflects a similar type of CD4+ T‐cell differentiation. In both cases, the elicited response was dependent on the presence of migrating skin cells. Remarkably, immunization with CT or with CTB led to the induction of a delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH) response in the ear. The DTH response that was induced by CT immunization was dependent on IL‐17 and partially dependent on IFN‐γ activity. These results indicate that both CT and CTB induce an efficient CD4+ T‐cell response to a co‐administered antigen following ear immunization that is dependent on migrating DCs.
Bcl6: Where too much complexity is barely enough
Authors: Tarlinton David M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAppropriate B‐cell differentiation in response to antigen is fundamental to health. Central to the regulation of this process in circumstances of T‐cell‐dependent immune responses is the transcriptional repressor Bcl6, which is required for germinal centre (GC) formation and function. Within GCs, Bcl6 is already known to regulate many functions including proliferation, assessing DNA damage and terminal differentiation. Targets of Bcl6 repression in B cells have been identified in a variety of systems with some, such as the reciprocal regulation of the Prdm1 gene encoding Blimp1, being particularly well studied and in effect becoming a model for the counter‐regulation of Bcl6 and Blimp1 in a variety of cell types. A study in this issue of the European Journal of Immunology examines the regulatory network of Bcl6 in DT40, a chicken lymphoma, and reproduces some of the complexity of other species but also adds new targets for Bcl6 regulation, genes involved in class switch recombination and somatic hypermutation. While this increasing complexity may be daunting, it emphasises the critical importance of understanding how Bcl6 may integrate the multitude of processes occurring in GCs.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Dual‐Stabilizer‐Capped CdTe Nanocrystals with Efficient Near‐Infrared Photoluminescence and Electrochemiluminescence
Authors: Liang Guo‐dong , Shen Li‐ping , Zhang Xiao‐li , Zou Gui‐zheng 
Published: July 2011

AbstractCdTe nanocrystals (NCs) are promising near‐infrared (NIR) emitter candidates. A one‐pot synthetic strategy has been developed for high‐quality NIR‐emitting CdTe NCs with mercaptopropionic acid and sodium hexametaphosphate as dual stabilizers. The dual‐stabilizer‐capped CdTe NCs displayed efficient photoluminescence (PL) between the visible and near‐infrared region (533–778 nm) with a quantum yield of up to 47 %. XRD, XPS, and photoluminescence spectra were employed to characterize the structure and optical features of these samples. Moreover, the NIR‐emitting CdTe NCs also displayed strong band‐gap electrochemiluminescence in the NIR region, indicating that this strategy can be used to synthesize NCs with both efficient fluorescence and electrochemiluminescence emissions in the NIR region.
Difference gel electrophoresis identifies differentially expressed proteins in endoscopically collected pancreatic fluid
Authors: Paulo Joao A. , Lee Linda S. , Banks Peter A. , Steen Hanno , Conwell Darwin L. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAlterations in the pancreatic fluid proteome of individuals with chronic pancreatitis (CP) may offer insights into the development and progression of the disease. The endoscopic pancreatic function test (ePFT) can safely collect large volumes of pancreatic fluid that are potentially amenable to proteomic analyses using difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE) coupled with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). Pancreatic fluid was collected endoscopically using the ePFT method following secretin stimulation from three individuals with severe CP and three chronic abdominal pain (CAP) controls. The fluid was processed to minimize protein degradation and the protein profiles of each cohort, as determined by DIGE and LC‐MS/MS, were compared. This DIGE‐LC‐MS/MS analysis reveals proteins that are differentially expressed in CP compared with CAP controls. Proteins with higher abundance in pancreatic fluid from CP individuals include: actin, desmoplankin, α‐1‐antitrypsin, SNC73, and serotransferrin. Those of relatively lower abundance include carboxypeptidase B, lipase, α‐1‐antichymotrypsin, α‐2‐macroglobulin, actin‐related protein (Arp2/3) subunit 4, glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase, and protein disulfide isomerase. Endoscopic collection (ePFT) in tandem with DIGE‐LC‐MS/MS is a suitable approach for pancreatic fluid proteome analysis; however, further optimization of our protocol, as outlined herein, may improve proteome coverage in future analyses.
Numerical investigation of lobe spacing ratio on performance of forced mixer nozzle
Authors: Xie Yi , Liu You‐hong 
Published: July 2011

AbstractGeometric models of a lobed mixer nozzle with variation of lobe spacing ratios are created and the corresponding flow fields are simulated using a steady Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equation with a realizable k‐ϵ turbulence model and standard wall function. According to the numerical simulation results, the spacing ratio has a large influence on the shape of streamwise vortices, but a relatively small effect on the streamwise vorticity field at the lobe exit. Therefore, at the initial part of mixing, a change of spacing ratio has little effect on the thermal mixing efficiency and the total pressure recovery coefficient. In addition, the thermal mixing efficiency increases sharply at the initial part, and near the nozzle exit it approaches some constant. The development of the total pressure recovery coefficient is totally reverse to the thermal mixing efficiency. It falls rapidly at the beginning. Then the rate of descent gradually slows down, and approaches some constant. At the nozzle exit cross‐section, the thermal mixing efficiency ascends and the total pressure recovery efficiency reduces as the spacing ratio increases. Besides, the thrust coefficient has little relationship to the spacing ratio, with a variation smaller than 0.01 when the spacing ratio increases from 4.87 to 0.497. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.20363
Nuclear factor kappa B pathway associated biomarkers in AIDS defining malignancies
Authors: Ramos Juan‐Carlos , Sin Sang‐Hoon , Staudt Michelle R. , Roy Debasmita , Vahrson Wolfgang , Dezube Bruce J. , Harrington William , Dittmer Dirk P. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) pathway is essential for many human cancers. Therapeutics such as bortezomib (Velcade™) that interfere with NFκB signaling are of great clinical interest. NFκB signaling, however, is multifaceted and variable among tissues, developmental and disease entities. Hence, targeted biomarkers of NFκB pathways are of prime importance for clinical research. We developed a novel real‐time qPCR‐based NFκB array. Only mechanistically validated NFκB targets were included. We then used random‐forest classification to define individual genes and gene combinations within the NFκB pathways that define viral lymphoma subclasses as well as Kaposi sarcoma (KS). Few NFκB targets emerged that were universally present in all tumor types tested, underscoring the need for additional tumor‐type specific biomarker discovery. (i) We uncovered tissue of origin‐specific tumor markers, specifically CD69, CSF‐1 and complement factor B (C1QBP) for primary effusion lymphoma (PEL); IL1‐beta, cyclinD3 and CD48 for KS. We found that IL12, jun‐B, msx‐1 and thrombospondin 2 were associated with EBV co‐infection in PEL. (ii) We defined the NFκB signature of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) positive AIDS‐associated Burkitt lymphoma (BL). This signature identified CCR5 as the key marker. (iii) This signature differed from EBV negative BL consistent with the idea that EBV not only activates NFκB activity but that this virus also reprograms NFκB signaling toward different targets.
Interactive coordination of currently depressed inpatient mothers and their infants during the postpartum period
Authors: Reck Corinna , Noe Daniela , Stefenelli Ulrich , Fuchs Thomas , Cenciotti Francesca , Stehle Eva , Mundt Christoph , Downing George , Tronick Edward Z. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn healthy mother–infant dyads, interactions are characterized by a pattern of matching and mismatching interactive states with quick reparation of mismatches into matches. In contrast, dyads in which mothers have postpartum depression show impaired mother–infant interaction patterns over the first few months of the infant's life. The majority of studies that have examined such interaction patterns have drawn on community samples rather than on depressed inpatient samples of mothers who were in a state of current depression at the time of assessment. To date, no study has investigated specific microanalytic patterns of interactive coordination between depressed German mothers and their infants using the Face‐to‐Face Still‐Face paradigm (FFSF). The primary goal of this study was to evaluate specific patterns of dyadic coordination and the capacity for repairing states of miscoordination in an inpatient sample of postpartum currently depressed mothers and their infants as compared with a healthy control group. A sample of 28 depressed inpatient German mothers and their infants (age range = 1–8 months, M age = 4.06 months) and 34 healthy dyads (range = 1–8 months, M age = 3.89 months) were videotaped while engaging in the FFSF. A focus was placed on the play and reunion episodes. Compared with healthy dyads, dyads with depressed mothers showed less coordination of positive matched states and longer latencies when repairing interactive mismatching states into positive matched states. Clinical implications are discussed.
Coralline hydroxyapatite granules inferior to morselized allograft around uncemented porous Ti implants: Unchanged fixation by addition of concentrated autologous bone marrow aspirate
Authors: Baas Jorgen , Svaneby Dea , Jensen Thomas Bo , Elmengaard Brian , Bechtold Joan , Soballe Kjeld 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe compared early fixation of titanium implants grafted with impacted allograft bone or coralline hydroxyapatite (HA) granules (Pro Osteon 200) with and without the addition of concentrated bone marrow cells (BMC). Autologous bone marrow aspirate was centrifuged to increase the BMC concentration. Four nonloaded cylindrical, porous coated titanium implants with a circumferential gap of 2.3 mm were inserted in the proximal humeri of eight dogs. Coralline HA granules +/− BMC were impacted around the two implants on one side, and allograft +/− BMC was impacted around the contra lateral implants. Observation time was 4 weeks. The implants surrounded by allograft bone had a three‐fold better fixation than the HA‐grafted implants. The concentration of BMC after centrifugation was increased with a factor 2.1. The addition of BMC to either of the bone graft materials had no statistically significant effects on implant fixation. The allografted implants were well osseointegrated, whereas the HA‐grafted implants were largely encapsulated in fibrous tissue. The addition of concentrated autologous BMCs to the graft material had no effect on implant fixation. The HA‐grafted implants were poorly anchored compared with allografted implants, suggesting that coralline HA granules should be considered a bone graft extender rather than a bone graft substitute. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 99A: 9–15, 2011.
Cationized bovine serum albumin with pendant RGD groups forms efficient biocoatings for cell adhesion
Authors: Ng Jeck Fei , Weil Tanja , Jaenicke Stephan 
Published: July 2011

AbstractCationized bovine serum albumin (cBSA‐147) has been modified by attaching the cyclic pentapeptide cRGDfK to its surface through linkers of different length. Coatings of these bioconjugates on glass surfaces were studied for their ability to stimulate cell adhesion. These chemically modified albumins combine a high number of positive charges which facilitate the initial cell adhesion to the surface with multiple Arg‐Gly‐Asp groups which enable focal adhesion of fibroblast cells by specific interactions with cell‐surface receptors. The biocoatings are easily prepared within a few minutes by simple incubation from a dilute solution of the modified albumin. This constitutes a convenient approach for preparing surfaces for cell adhesion. Excellent focal adhesion of NIH 3T3 fibroblast cells on the biocoatings was observed. About 75% of the seeded cells attached to the cRGDfK‐cBSA‐147 coated surfaces, and 97% of them underwent focal adhesion. Adhering cells were able to grow and proliferate on the coated surfaces, confirming the outstanding biocompatibility of these biocoatings. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2011.