bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coping with health stresses and remission from late‐life depression in primary care: a two‐year prospective study
Authors: Wallace Meredith L. , Dombrovski Alexandre Y. , Morse Jennifer Q. , Houck Patricia R. , Frank Ellen , Alexopoulos George S. , Reynolds Charles F. , Schulz Richard 
Published: March 2011

ObjectivesIdentifying the predictors of late‐life depression that are amenable to change may lead to interventions that result in better and faster remission. Thus, the authors investigated the impact of two different strategies for coping with physical illness on depression in older, primary care patients. Health‐oriented goal engagement strategies involve the investment of cognitive and behavioral resources to achieve health goals. Conversely, disengagement strategies involve the withdrawal of these resources from obsolete or unattainable health goals, combined with goal restructuring.MethodsThe participants were 271 adults aged >59 years who took part in a two‐year randomized clinical trial for treating depression in older adults (Prevention of Suicide in Primary Care Elderly: Collaborative Trial). The use of engagement and disengagement strategies, along with other risk factors for depression, were included in a tree‐structured survival analysis to identify subgroups of individuals at risk for not achieving depression remission.ResultsThe use of disengagement strategies predicted earlier remission of depression, particularly among more severely depressed older patients. The use of engagement strategies did not predict earlier remission.ConclusionInterventions that encourage disengagement from unattainable health goals may promote remission from depression in older, primary care patients. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of testicular degeneration induced by low‐frequency electromagnetic fields
Authors: Tenorio Bruno Mendes , Jimenez George Chaves , de Morais Rosana Nogueira , Peixoto Christina Alves , de Albuquerque Nogueira Romildo , da Silva Valdemiro Amaro 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTThe population exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) has been growing in recent decades. The generation, distribution and use of electric energy can generate low‐frequency electromagnetic fields. The present study investigates the effects of EMF (60 Hz and 1 mT) on spermatogenesis of rats during different periods of maturation. Wistar rats were exposed to EMF from day 13 of gestation to postnatal day 21 or 90 in three daily applications of 30 min. Plasma testosterone concentration was not changed by EMF exposure; however, histopathological and histomorphometrical analyses of the testes showed testicular degeneration in a subset of animals exposed to EMF. The magnitude of the degenerative process varied between those individuals affected, indicating different individual sensitivity to EMF. The main alterations observed through transmission electron microscopy were highly electron‐dense mitochondria with loss of their organization and cristae. Exposure to 60 Hz and 1 mT EMF can disturb spermatogenesis and may produce subfertility or infertility. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inhibition of highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza virus propagation by RNA oligonucleotides targeting the PB2 gene in combination with celecoxib
Authors: Jin Yi , Zhang Guozhong , Hu Yanxin , Ding Meng , Li Yi , Cao Shanpin , Xue Jia , Sun Lun‐Quan , Wang Ming 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackgroundHighly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 can cause acute respiratory infections with an uncontrolled virus‐induced cytokine storm in both poultry and humans. In view of the high mortality of H5N1 influenza virus infection, the development of novel broad‐spectrum prophylactic and therapeutic agents against infection is urgently needed. In the present study, we attempted to explore whether the combinational use of a viral gene‐targeted agent and immunomodulator is feasible as a new strategy against the H5N1 infection.MethodsFour antisense RNA oligonucleotides targeting the polymerase basic protein 2 (PB2) gene of H5N1‐HPIV were designed and screened for their ability to inhibit H5N1 influenza viral propagation.ResultsIn Madin–Darby canine kidney cells, the RNA oligonucleotides efficiently inhibited viral replication, as measured by hemagglutinin production, plaque formation and viral RNA expression assays. In a mouse infection model, a combinational treatment in mice with the PB2 oligonucleotides and celecoxib significantly reduced the viral load, regulated cytokine profiles, and improved lung lesions and animal survival compared to the single use of either PB2 oligonucleotides or the immunomodulatory agent, celecoxib.ConclusionsThe results obtained in the present study suggest the potential use of PB2‐targeted oligonucleotides in conjunction with immunomodulators for the control of H5N1 influenza infection. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A generalized CAD model for the full‐wave modeling of Coplanar striplines discontinuities
Authors: Laib S. , Djahli F. , Mayouf A. , Carru J.‐C. , Devers T. 
Published: March 2011

SUMMARYIn this work, the coplanar stripline (CPS) and its discontinuities: open‐end, short‐end, gaps and resonator have been modeled. New integral equations for the electrical field components are formulated, in the spectral domain, using an exact dyadic Green's function, applied to the CPS structure. The use of this form of Green's function allows the consideration of the effects of the dielectric losses, the surface wave excitation and the space wave radiation on the propagation characteristics of the CPS and its discontinuities. The resulting integral equation has been solved using the two‐dimensional Galerkin's technique. The resolution of the resulting matrix equation gives the scattering parameters of the studied structures. The obtained results are commented and compared with those of other approaches and measurements. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Effects of Process Engineering on the Performance of PLA and PHBV Blends
Authors: Nanda Malaya R. , Misra Manjusri , Mohanty Amar K. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe effects of process engineering in the fabrication of PHBV, PLA and their blends prepared by melt blending are studied. The elongation of an optimized blend can be improved by 148 and 250% over the virgin PHBV and PLA polymers, respectively. DSC shows that the two polymers are immiscible in blends of any composition. The crystallinity of PHBV is hindered by the presence of PLA. UV‐Vis demonstrates the opacity of the blend with incorporation of PHBV to the PLA phase. The observed tensile modulus of the optimized sample is compared with theoretical values from the rule of mixtures. Gordon‐Taylor's equation is applied on the glass transition temperatures for theoretical modeling to explain the miscibility of the polymers. magnified image
Strain‐dependent T1 relaxation profiles in articular cartilage by MRI at microscopic resolutions
Authors: Xia Yang , Wang Nian , Lee Jihyun , Badar Farid 
Published: March 2011

AbstractTo investigate the dependency of T1 relaxation on mechanical strain in articular cartilage, quantitative magnetic resonance T1 imaging experiments were carried out on cartilage before/after the tissue was immersed in gadolinium contrast agent and when the tissue was being compressed (up to ∼48% strains). The spatial resolution across the cartilage depth was 17.6 μm. The T1 profile in native tissue (without the presence of gadolinium ions) was strongly strain‐dependent, which is also depth‐dependent. At the modest strains (e.g., 14% strain), T1 reduced by up to 68% in the most surface portion of the tissue. Further compression (e.g., 45% strain) reduced T1 mostly in the middle and deep portions of the tissue. For the gadolinium‐immersed tissue, both modest and heavy compressions (up to 48% strain) increased T1 slightly but significantly, although the overall shapes of the T1 profiles remained approximately the same regardless of the amount of strains. The complex relationships between the T1 profiles and the mechanical strains were a direct consequence of the depth‐dependent proteoglycan concentration in the tissue, which determined the tissue's mechanical properties. This finding has potential implications in the use of gadolinium contrast agent in clinical magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (the dGEMRIC procedure), when the loading or loading history of patients is considered. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Parameterization of planar curves immersed in triangulations with application to finite elements
Authors: Rangarajan Ramsharan , Lew Adrian J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe construct a method for the parameterization of a class of planar piecewise C2‐curves over a collection of edges in an ambient triangulation. The map from the collection of edges to the curve is the closest‐point projection. A distinguishing feature of the method is that edges in the ambient triangulation need not interpolate the curve. We formulate conditions on the ambient triangulations so that the resulting parameterization over its selected edges is (i) bijective, (ii) maps simple, connected collection of edges to simple, connected components of the curve, and (iii) is C1 within each edge of the collection. These properties of the parameterization make it particularly useful in the construction of high‐order finite element approximation spaces on planar curves immersed in triangulations. We discuss this application and illustrate it with numerical examples.The parameterization method applies to a large class of planar curves, including most ones of interest in engineering and computer graphics applications, and to a large family of triangulations, including acute‐angled triangulations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
UK trading: A guide to charities and the tax implications
Authors: Brooks Nicholas 
Published: March 2011

AbstractDue to the recession, the National Lottery and the increase in numbers of charities seeking funds to satisfy their objectives, charities are moving into new areas of fundraising which undoubtedly are leading towards the increasing role of trading. What this paper hopes to achieve is to define trading, discuss some of the major types of trading and their taxation aspects, and to point out some of the pitfalls and how they might be overcome.
Charity box collection schemes: The retailers' view
Authors: Horne Suzanne , Moss Michael 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMost UK charities, both national and local, place boxes in outlets such as shops, bars, cafés, filling stations, banks and building societies. Usually the box is placed by a representative of the charity visiting the potential site and inviting whoever is on duty to accept the box. This research sampled 2,308 UK retailers in order to determine their perceptions of the boxes held on their premises, the number of boxes held, their location and security. From the responses to the survey the authors discuss the distribution of boxes over different retail types and analyse retailers perceptions.
Religious coping and behavioral disengagement: opposing influences on advance care planning and receipt of intensive care near death
Authors: Maciejewski Paul K. , Phelps Andrea C. , Kacel Elizabeth L. , Balboni Tracy A. , Balboni Michael , Wright Alexi A. , Pirl William , Prigerson Holly G. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjective: This study examines the relationships between methods of coping with advanced cancer, completion of advance care directives, and receipt of intensive, life‐prolonging care near death.Methods: The analysis is based on a sample of 345 patients interviewed between January 1, 2003, and August 31, 2007, and followed until death as part of the Coping with Cancer Study, an NCI/NIMH‐funded, multi‐site, prospective, longitudinal, cohort study of patients with advanced cancer. The Brief COPE was used to assess active coping, use of emotional‐support, and behavioral disengagement. The Brief RCOPE was used to assess positive and negative religious coping. The main outcome was intensive, life‐prolonging care near death, defined as receipt of ventilation or resuscitation in the last week of life.Results: Positive religious coping was associated with lower rates of having a living will (AOR = 0.39, p = 0.003) and predicted higher rates of intensive, life‐prolonging care near death (AOR, 5.43; p<0.001), adjusting for other coping methods and potential socio‐demographic and health status confounds. Behavioral disengagement was associated with higher rates of DNR order completion (AOR, 2.78; p = 0.003) and predicted lower rates of intensive life‐prolonging care near death (AOR, 0.20; p = 0.036). Not having a living will partially mediate the influence of positive religious coping on receipt of intensive, life‐prolonging care near death.Conclusion: Positive religious coping and behavioral disengagement are important determinants of completion of advance care directives and receipt of intensive, life‐prolonging care near death. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Equivalent Elevation: A New Method to Incorporate Variable Surface Lapse Rates into Mountain Permafrost Modelling
Authors: Lewkowicz Antoni G. , Bonnaventure Philip P. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTPermafrost is present at multiple elevations with no defined lower limit in the southern Yukon Territory, Canada. Empirical statistical modelling of permafrost probability in the region required the development of equivalent elevation, a new variable that reflects measured differences between surface air temperature lapse rates below and above treeline. In areas where surface lapse rates are negative (normal) but gentle up to the altitudinal treeline, equivalent elevation results in a compressed elevational range. Where surface lapse rates are positive (inverted) in the forest due to the strength of winter inversions, equivalent elevations calculated for valley floors are higher than those at treeline. There is a strong relationship between the magnitude and sign of surface lapse rates below treeline and the annual amplitude of monthly air temperatures at nearby climate stations, which permits prediction of equivalent elevation for the entire region. Permafrost probability modelling using equivalent elevation produced statistically significant results in several study areas whereas actual elevation values did not. The concept is of particular use where forested areas are underlain by permafrost and may be transferable to areas with similar terrain and climate such as those in the Canadian Northwest Territories, Alaska and Mongolia. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Area‐wide management of Aedes albopictus: choice of study sites based on geospatial characteristics, socioeconomic factors and mosquito populations
Authors: Unlu Isik , Farajollahi Ary , Healy Sean P , Crepeau Taryn , Bartlett‐Healy Kristen , Williges Eric , Strickman Daniel , Clark Gary G , Gaugler Randy , Fonseca Dina M 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse), the Asian tiger mosquito, is an introduced invasive species in the United States that is responsible for a significant proportion of service requests to local mosquito control programs. This container‐utilizing mosquito is refractory to standard mosquito abatement measures in the United States. This study is part of a USDA‐ARS project to develop an area‐wide management strategy for Ae. albopictus. The goal was to identify three study sites, similar in socioeconomic parameters, geography and Ae. albopictus abundance, in urban and suburban areas in Mercer and Monmouth counties in New Jersey. Prior service requests and light trap counts and also detailed county maps were used to chose nine preliminary sites (four in Mercer and five in Monmouth) where weekly surveillance for Ae. albopictus was performed throughout the 2008 active season.RESULTS: Although outliers were detected, socioeconomic variables in the study sites within each county were fairly consistent. Ae. albopictus abundance was associated with poverty levels and had the highest maxima in Mercer, although average mosquito abundance was similar in urban Mercer and suburban Monmouth.CONCLUSION: Three study sites in each county were identified for future studies. The summer‐long surveillance also revealed socioeconomic variables critical for the development of integrated mosquito management. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
An assessment of a mountain‐wave parametrization scheme using satellite observations of stratospheric gravity waves
Authors: Wells H. , Vosper S. B. , Yan X. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractGravity‐wave‐induced temperature fluctuations predicted by a mountain‐wave parametrization scheme are compared with observed stratospheric temperature fluctuations from the High‐Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder (HIRDLS) instrument. The focus of the study is on the southern Andes region during the month of August 2006. The comparison reveals that while the mean amplitude of temperature fluctuations predicted by the parametrization is broadly consistent with those observed by HIRDLS, there are significant differences for individual cases. Ray‐tracing calculations performed for these cases suggest that these differences are likely to be associated with horizontal propagation of mountain waves, which is not represented by current column‐based parametrization schemes. The results presented in this note suggest that this is a deficiency of mountain‐wave parametrization schemes that may affect models at resolutions typical of both climate and numerical weather prediction modelling. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society and British Crown Copyright, the Met Office
Robust track‐and‐trace video watermarking
Authors: Yang Lei , Chen Qian , Tian Jun , Wu Dapeng 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTWith the development of computers and the Internet, digital multimedia can be distributed and pirated easily. Watermarking is a useful technique for multimedia copyright protection. In this paper, we develop a robust video watermarking system. It consists of two components, that is, watermarking embedder and watermarking detector. In the embedder, we insert a watermark pattern into video frames according to a watermark payload. The watermark pattern is generated from a pseudo‐random noise sequence generator using the spread spectrum technique. User and copyright information are mapped to a binary sequence and then encrypted with advanced encryption standard and encoded/protected by convolutional error correction code to produce a watermark payload. The watermark pattern is weighted and embedded to each frame to meet perceptual requirements. In addition, the video is slightly geometrically manipulated in order to defend possible collusion attacks. The detector extracts the watermark from the candidate video. Kanade–Lucas–Tomasi feature tracker is used to register the candidate video with respect to the original video to enhance the correlation with the reference. The cross‐correlation sequence is binarized, error correction code decoded, and decrypted. The experimental results show that the proposed video watermark system is very robust to not only geometric attack but also collusion attacks, and that it is perceptually invisible to human vision system. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Generation mechanism of electrochemical migration in printed wiring board insulation
Authors: Natsui Masashi , Asakawa Hiroki , Tanaka Toshikatsu , Ohki Yoshimichi , Maeno Takashi , Okamoto Kenji 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn order to study the generation mechanism of electrochemical migration in a printed wiring board, paper/phenol‐resin composites with and without an adhesive layer, epoxy resin, and a laminate of epoxy resin and a paper/phenol‐resin composite were aged at 85 °C and 85% relative humidity (RH) with and without application of a DC voltage, and the space charge distributions in the samples were observed by the pulsed electroacoustic method. In the case of the composite with the adhesive layer, a large amount of negative charge is induced at the interface between the composite and the adhesive layer on the anode. It was found that such formation of space charge enhances the electric field intensity at the anode. The reason for this is because the conductivity is much lower in the adhesive layer than in the composite. Electrochemical migration does not occur when the same electric field is applied to the composite without the adhesive layer, whereas it does occur if the adhesive layer was replaced by epoxy resin with a similar conductivity to the adhesive layer. These results clearly indicate that electrochemical migration generates because the electric field at the anode surface is enhanced due to the low conductivity of the adhesive layer. © 2011 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
tRNA mimicry in translation termination and beyond
Authors: Nakamura Yoshikazu , Ito Koichi 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe mechanism of translation termination has long been a puzzle. The release factor (RF) class of translation factors plays a key role in terminating protein synthesis. Bacteria have two RFs, RF1 and RF2, with high specificity to decipher three stop codons. Decades ago, an idea was formulated that RFs may be protein analogs of tRNA. This idea gained substantial support 10 years ago by the identification of two classes of crucial RF peptide motifs, P(A/V)T/SPF and GGQ, in bacteria. These motifs were functionally equivalent to the anticodon and aminoacyl‐CCA terminus of tRNA, although the processes these molecules function in are different. These findings reinforced the ‘molecular mimicry’ or ‘tRNA mimicry’ hypothesis. Since then, the RF‐tRNA mimicry hypothesis has played a crucial role to elucidate the mechanism of translation termination. In the past decade, the crystal structure of the translation termination complex between the ribosome and RFs has been determined at atomic resolution. Overall, the structural data strongly support the RF‐tRNA mimicry hypothesis, with shared as well as distinct ribosomal conformations induced by RF or tRNA binding. In this review, we re‐evaluate the structural data from the genetic and biochemical viewpoint as our initial functional evidence were not fully interpreted in the previous reports. Recent structural and functional studies of the translation machinery have uncovered that the concept of tRNA mimicry can be expanded for factors beyond translation termination and into translation initiation, elongation, as well as mRNA surveillance pathways for protein synthesis. WIREs RNA 2011 2 647–668 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.81This article is categorized under:

RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA–Protein Complexes
Translation > Ribosome Structure/Function
Translation > Translation Regulation
RNA Processing > tRNA Processing