bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Silane Treated Hybrid Filler on the Mechanical and Thermal Performance of Carboxylated Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (XNBR) Composites
Authors: Mousa A. , Heinrich G. , Wagenknecht U. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Carboxylated Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (XNBR) was reinforced with untreated and silane treated hybrid filler. The hybrid filler was composed of organic layered nanosilicates (NLS) and agro polymer based olive husk powder (OHP). The fabricated composites were inspected with regard to their mechanical and thermal properties. It was found that the silane treated hybrid filler was able to improve the tensile strength at break and the tensile modulus as compared to the control. The overall degree of interaction between the matrix and both the untreated and treated hybrid filler was improved. This was evidenced by the increased degree of curing which is the torque difference (τmax–τmin) derived from the moving die rheometer (MDR) and the decreased swelling index data. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) revealed that the apparent was the highest in case of the silane treated hybrid filler. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that the thermal stability of the composites improved with the incorporation of the hybrid filler. The attenuated total reflectance (ATR-IR) revealed that dipole-dipole interactions between the various reactive functional groups namely the carboxylic of the XNBR, the hydroxyl group of the agro-polymer and the silanol of the silane agent occurred during the fabrication stage of the composites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the fracture surface of the samples differ after the incorporation of the treated hybrid filler.
Bi-axially Oriented Blown Film Technology
Authors: Carneiro O. S. , Covas J. A. , Domingues C. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
A set of commercial polyethylenes (three LDPE and three LLDPE) was rheological characterized and processed in a laboratory double bubble extrusion line with the purpose of investigating: i) whether their relative processability could be predicted in the laboratory and ii) the effect of operating and machine variables on processability. Oscillatory shear and extensional measurements were able to differentiate the various materials, who also behaved quite differently upon processing. Those with a stronger shear thinning behaviour, higher elasticity and higher melt strength were the most suited to the process. Bubble stability and thickness uniformity were assumed as the main requirements for processability. The former was estimated by monitoring the time required to stabilize the bubble and examining any variation/oscillation in size/shape. Bubble stability depends on the interaction between various parameters, the most relevant being those related with the film cooling stage, namely the axial position of the air rings, the air flow rate and air velocity. The study was preceded by an assessment of the performance of the re-heating oven and die/calibration/centring, as these parameters could also narrow the practical operating window.
Effect of Blend Ratio of h-LLDPE and LDPE on Tear Properties of Blown Films
Authors: Mezghani K. , Furquan S. , Tabatabaei S. H. , Ajji A. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
In the present study, blown films of h-LLDPE, LDPE, and their blends were produced using a twin screw extruder. The tear properties of all films were determined in the machine direction (MD) and the transverse direction (TD). On one hand, similar values of the MD tear-resistance for the two virgin polymers, h-LLDPE and LDPE, were measured to be 100 and 120 kN/m, respectively. On the other hand, the TD tear-resistance value of h-LLDPE was 180 kN/m, four times higher than that of LDPE, 45 kN/m. It was observed that small additions of LDPE (5 to 20 wt.%) to h-LLDPE produced blends with better TD tear-resistance films, 400 kN/m. The main reason for this large increase in tear-resistance was attributed to the morphological changes induced by the addition of the LDPE polymer, as shown by SEM, FTIR, and birefringence techniques.
Diffuse intrinsic pontine tumors: a study of primitive neuroectodermal tumors versus the more common diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas
Authors: Sufit Alexandra , Donson Andrew M. , Birks Diane K. , Knipstein Jeffrey A. , Fenton Laura Z. , Jedlicka Paul , Hankinson Todd C. , Handler Michael H. , Foreman Nicholas K. 
Published: June 2012

Object
The diagnosis of diffuse pontine tumors has largely been made on the basis of MRI since the early 1990s. In cases of tumors considered “typical,” as a rule, no biopsy specimen has been obtained, and the tumors have been considered diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs). There have been sporadic reports that primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) of the pons may not be distinguishable from the DIPGs by radiological imaging. This study presents 2 cases of diffuse pontine PNETs with molecular evidence that these are indeed PNETs, distinct from DIPGs, thus supporting biopsy of diffuse pontine tumors as a standard of care.

Methods
Biopsy specimens were obtained from 7 diffuse pontine tumors and snap frozen. Two of these 7 tumors were identified on the basis of pathological examination as PNETs. All 7 of the diffuse pontine tumors were analyzed for gene expression using the Affymetrix HG-U133 Plus 2.0 GeneChip microarray. Gene expression was compared with that of supratentorial PNETs, medulloblastomas, and low- and high-grade gliomas outside the brainstem.

Results
Unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis of gene expression demonstrated that pontine PNETs are most closely related to PNETs of the supratentorial region and not with gliomas. They do not cluster with the 5 DIPGs in the study. Thirty-eight genes, including GATA3, are uniquely differentially expressed in pontine PNETs compared with other types of pediatric brain tumors, including DIPGs and other PNETs at a false discovery rate statistical significance of less than 0.05.

Conclusions
The cluster and individual gene expression analyses indicate that pontine PNETs are intrinsically different from DIPGs. The 2 pontine PNET cases cluster with supratentorial PNETs, rather than with DIPGs, suggesting that these tumors should be treated with a PNET regimen, not with DIPG therapy. Since diagnosis by imaging is not reliable and the biology of the tumors is disparate, a biopsy should be performed to enable accurate diagnosis and direct potentially more effective treatments.
Comparative effectiveness research: policy and politics
Authors: Zusman Edie E. 
Published: June 2012

Comparative effectiveness research (CER) is the basis for some of the fiercest rhetoric of the current political era. While it is a relatively old and previously academic pursuit, CER may well become the foundation upon which the future of health care in the US is based.
The actual impact of CER on—and uptake among—doctors, patients, hospitals, and health insurers, however, remains to be seen. Political considerations and compromises have led to the removal of key aspects of CER implementation from policy legislation to prevent alienating stakeholders critical to the success of health care reform.
Health care providers, including specialists such as neurosurgeons, will need to understand both the policies and political implications of CER as its practices becomes an indelible part of the future health care landscape.
Long-term outcome for endoscopic third ventriculostomy alone or in combination with choroid plexus cauterization for congenital aqueductal stenosis in African infants
Authors: Warf Benjamin C. , Tracy Sarah , Mugamba John 
Published: June 2012

Object
The authors have previously reported on the overall improved efficacy of endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) combined with choroid plexus cauterization (CPC) for infants younger than 1 year of age. In the present study they specifically examined the long-term efficacy of ETV with or without CPC in 35 infants with congenital aqueduct stenosis treated at CURE Children's Hospital of Uganda during the years 2001–2006.

Methods
Infants with congenital aqueductal stenosis were treated during 2 distinct treatment epochs: all underwent ETV alone, and subsequently all underwent ETV-CPC. Prospectively collected data in the clinical database were reviewed for all infants with an age < 1 year who had been treated for hydrocephalus due to congenital aqueductal stenosis. Study exclusion criteria included: 1) a history or findings on imaging or at the time of ventriculoscopy that suggested a possible infectious cause of the hydrocephalus, including scarred choroid plexus; 2) an open aqueduct or an aqueduct obstructed by a membrane or cyst rather than by stenosis; 3) severe malformations of the cerebral hemispheres including hydranencephaly, significant segments of undeveloped brain, or schizencephaly; 4) myelomeningocele, encephalocele, Dandy-Walker complex, or tumor; or 5) previous shunt insertion. The time to treatment failure was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method to construct survival curves. Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) and Gehan-Breslow-Wilcoxon tests were used to determine whether differences between the 2 treatment groups were significant.

Results
Thirty-five patients met the study criteria. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy alone was performed in 12 patients (mean age 4.7 months), and combined ETV-CPC was performed in 23 patients (mean age 3.5 months). For patients without treatment failure, the mean and median follow-ups were, respectively, 51.6 and 48.0 months in the ETV group and 31.2 and 26.4 months in the ETV-CPC group. Treatment was successful in 48.6% of the patients who underwent ETV alone, as accurately predicted by the Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy Success Score (ETVSS), and in 81.9% of the patients who underwent ETV-CPC (p = 0.0119, log-rank test; p = 0.0041, Gehan-Breslow-Wilcoxon test; HR 6.42 [95% CI 1.51–27.36]).

Conclusions
Combined ETV-CPC is significantly superior to ETV alone for infants younger than 1 year of age with congenital aqueductal stenosis. The fact that the outcome for ETV alone was accurately predicted by the ETVSS suggests that these results are applicable in developed countries.
A novel tissue engineering approach using an endothelial progenitor cell–seeded biopolymer to treat intracranial saccular aneurysms
Authors: Aronson Joshua P. , Mitha Alim P. , Hoh Brian L. , Auluck Pavan K. , Pomerantseva Irina , Vacanti Joseph P. , Ogilvy Christopher S. 
Published: June 2012

Object
Recurrence after endovascular coiling of intracranial aneurysms is reported in up to 42% of cases and is attributed to the lack of endothelialization across the neck. In this study the authors used a novel tissue engineering approach to promote endothelialization by seeding endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) within a fibrin polymer injected endovascularly into the aneurysm.

Methods
Experimental aneurysms were created in New Zealand White rabbits and were left untreated, surgically clipped, or embolized with platinum coils, fibrin biopolymer alone, or fibrin combined with autologous cultured EPCs.

Results
In aneurysms treated with EPCs, a confluent monolayer of endothelial cells with underlying neointima was demonstrated across the neck at 16 weeks posttreatment, which was not observed with aneurysms treated using the other methods.

Conclusions
This novel technique may address reasons for the limited durability of standard coil embolization and provides further avenues for the development of improved devices for the care of patients with aneurysms.
Effects of aging on behavioral assessment performance: implications for clinically relevant models of neurological disease
Authors: Turner Ryan C. , Seminerio Michael J. , Naser Zachary J. , Ford J. Neal , Martin Samantha J. , Matsumoto Rae R. , Rosen Charles L. , Huber Jason D. 
Published: June 2012

Object
Despite the role of aging in development of neurological and neurodegenerative diseases, the effects of age are often disregarded in experimental design of preclinical studies. Functional assessment increases the clinical relevance of animal models of neurological disease and adds value beyond traditional histological measures. However, the relationship between age and functional impairment has not been systematically assessed through a battery of functional tests.

Methods
In this study, various sensorimotor and behavioral tests were used to evaluate effects of aging on functional performance in naive animals. Sensorimotor measures included locomotor activity; Rotarod, inclined plane, and grip-strength testing; and modified Neurological Severity Score. The Morris water maze was used to examine differences in learning and memory, and the elevated plus maze and forced swim test were used to assess anxiety-like and depressive-like behaviors, respectively.

Results
Older Sprague-Dawley rats (18–20 months) were found to perform significantly worse on the inclined plane tests, and they exhibited alterations in elevated-plus maze and forced swim test compared with young adult rats (3–4 months). Specifically, older rats exhibited reduced exploration of open arms in elevated plus maze and higher immobility time in forced swim test. Spatial acquisition and reference memory were diminished in older rats compared with those in young adult rats.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates clear differences between naive young adult and older animals, which may have implications in functional assessment for preclinical models of neurological disease.
Les enjeux industriels et commerciaux d&#8217;une participation financi&#232;re&#160;: Devanlay &amp; Recoing, actionnaire des grands magasins, 1945-1975
Authors: Baubeau Patrice 
Published: June 2012

Résumé La société Devanlay, qui reste le principal opérateur industriel de la célèbre marque Lacoste, a étroitement articulé son développement industriel après-guerre avec des prises de participations dans le secteur de la distribution. Mais l’épuisement du modèle de production fordiste a fait apparaître les contradictions entre cœur industriel et participations commerciales, qu’il s’agisse du statut attribué aux marques ou du dramatique épisode de la « guerre du collant ».
Une comparaison empirique du profil des acheteurs monocanal et multicanaux
Authors: Bèzes Christophe 
Published: June 2012

Résumé Cette recherche vérifie la possibilité de segmenter les canaux de distribution selon les caractéristiques personnelles des acheteurs ; elle identifie ensuite les plus prédictives de l’achat sur chaque canal. Menée sur 1 478 clients d’une enseigne multicanal, l’étude met en évidence la nécessité de réfléchir sur la gestion multicanal, non plus en termes de clients mais d’acheteurs. La distance aux points de vente ressort comme un critère majeur de segmentation, pourtant rarement mobilisé. Cette recherche montre également que les orientations d’achat d’un même individu diffèrent d’un canal à l’autre.
Comment les consommateurs perçoivent-ils la proximité à l'égard d'un circuit court alimentaire ?
Authors: Hérault-Fournier Catherine , Merle Aurélie , Prigent-Simonin Anne Hélène 
Published: June 2012

Résumé Cette recherche analyse la proximité perçue par les consommateurs lors d’achats de produits alimentaires dans un type de circuit court : le point de vente collectif. Dans la continuité de Bergadaà et Del Buccia (2009) et sur la base d’études qualitative et quantitative, quatre dimensions de la proximité perçue au circuit court sont identifiées : la proximité d’accès, identitaire, relationnelle et de processus. L’influence des trois dernières dimensions sur la confiance perçue est confirmée. Enfin, l’intérêt managérial de cette approche est discuté.
Le sujet moderne dans le coaching : une lecture à partir des travaux de Charles Taylor
Authors: Rappin Baptiste 
Published: June 2012

Résumé L’article se propose de comprendre la nature du sujet moderne dans la pratique du coaching. C’est pourquoi il prend appui sur les travaux du philosophe Charles Taylor concernant la formation de l’identité moderne. Nous créons à partir de cela une typologie des dimensions de la subjectivité qui nous permet de rendre compte de l’observation d’une séance de coaching ; nous discutons alors de sa pertinence pour le coaching en général
Résoudre les tensions entre généralisation et singularité par l'écriture comparative ?
Authors: Béal Vincent 
Published: June 2012

Résumé Cet article cherche à comprendre comment le dilemme entre montée en généralité théorique et idiosyncrasie des terrains peut être (partiellement) résolu lors de la phase d’écriture d’une recherche comparative. En mobilisant l’expérience de recherche portant sur la comparaison des politiques d’environnement et de développement durable dans quatre villes françaises et britanniques, l’article interrogera les stratégies d’écriture développées dans les études urbaines. L’article développera l’idée d’un possible dépassement de la monographie comme mode ultime de restitution dans les études urbaines, en présentant plusieurs techniques d’écriture – rédaction de monographies provisoires, mise en avant des processus plutôt que des effets causaux, etc. – limitant la tendance de la restitution terme à terme à « broyer » les cas dans la montée en généralité théorique.
Les troubles du langage sociologique dans la comparaison internationale : le cas des médias des mouvements sociaux au Chiapas et en Palestine
Authors: Ferron Benjamin 
Published: June 2012

Résumé L’article met en évidence quelques-uns des enjeux et contraintes scientifiques d’écriture d’une comparaison internationale. La comparaison porte sur les stratégies médiatiques de réseaux militants transnationaux en Israël-Palestine (réseau anti-occupation), et au Mexique (réseau néozapatiste). Le premier problème est de distinguer des niveaux d’écriture dans la comparaison. Les journalistes, militants ou intellectuels de ces mouvements, qui produisent des « contre-informations » et des « médias alternatifs », utilisent un champ lexical polémique et des procédés rhétoriques par lesquels ils se marquent et se démarquent politiquement. L’analyse comparée implique donc un travail de déconstruction et de positionnement sémantique du chercheur, qui engage tout le processus d’écriture. Le deuxième problème consiste à articuler les niveaux de comparaison dans le processus d’écriture. Les deux cas sont en effet hétérogènes et en partie interdépendants. Il s’agit donc à la fois de conserver la singularité des cas, de monter en généralité en les comparant, et de déterminer les effets de cette interdépendance. Cette difficulté se retrouve dans la phase de problématisation, la construction du plan et l’écriture finale.
Radiographic Study of the Prevalence of Dens Invaginatus in a Sample Set of Turkish Dental Patients
Authors: Çolak Hakan , Tan Enes , Aylıkçı Bahadır Uğur , Uzgur Recep , Turkal Mustafa , Hamidi Mehmet Mustafa 
Published: June 2012

Aim:The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of dens invaginatus in a sample of Turkish dental patients.Materials and Methods:The sample included 6, 912 panoramic radiographs from different Turkish dental patients. The ages of the patients ranged from 18 to 50 years. A tooth was considered having dens invaginatus if an infolding of a radiopaque ribbon-like structure equal in density to enamel was seen extending from the cingulum into the root canal. Maxillary and mandibular teeth were evaluated on panoramic radiographs to determine the type of dens invaginatus using Oehlers’ classification.Results:The overall incidence of patients with dens invaginatus was 0.17%. Dens invaginatus were detected in 15 teeth of a total of 192 150 teeth to give a tooth prevalence of 0.008%. Maxillary lateral incisors were most commonly affected teeth in the mouth (80% of cases), followed by maxillary canine teeth (20% of cases). The bilateral incidence of a symmetrical distribution was 25%.Conclusion:The occurrence of dens invaginatus among this Turkish population was rare. Attention should be paid to the presence of dens invaginatus and the treatment problems associated with it.
Changes in Hip Bone Mineral Density and Objectively Measured Physical Activity in Middle-Aged Women: A 6-Year Prospective Study
Authors: Nokes Neil R. , Tucker Larry A. 
Published: June 2012

Purpose. This study was conducted to determine if physical activity volume (PAv) and intensity (PAi) at baseline influence the likelihood of gaining hip bone mineral density (BMD) over 6 years. Design and Sample. In a prospective study, the sample was limited to 244 female nonsmokers, ages 35 to 45 years, and was approximately 90% white. Setting and Measures. PAv and PAi were measured in daily living conditions using accelerometers at baseline. BMD, measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, and several confounding factors were measured in the lab. Analysis. On the basis of BMD change scores, participants were divided into three categories: BMD loss, minimal change, and BMD gain. Risk ratios were used to show the likelihood of BMD gains over time across different levels of PAv and PAi at baseline. Results. Women with higher PAv were more likely to show improvements in hip BMD from baseline to follow-up than their counterparts, as indicated by the Mantel-Haenszel chi-square (χ2mh = 6.1, p = .01). Women with high PAv were 2.50 times (95% CI, 1.19–5.24) more likely to experience hip BMD gains than women with low PAv, and women with moderate PAv were 2.20 times (95% CI, 1.08–4.45) more likely. PAi was not predictive of gains in hip BMD. Adjusting for potential confounders had little influence on the results. Conclusions. Middle-aged women with moderate or high levels of PAv are more likely to experience BMD gains at the hip over time compared with those who have low levels of PAv. However, PAi does not appear to influence the likelihood of gaining BMD at the hip over 6 years.
Does Community Type Moderate the Relationship between Parent Perceptions of the Neighborhood and Physical Activity in Children?
Authors: Durand Casey P. , Dunton Genevieve F. , Spruijt-Metz Donna , Pentz Mary Ann 
Published: June 2012

Purpose. To examine whether residing in a community designed to promote physical activity moderates the relationship between parent perceptions of the neighborhood and general physical activity or active commuting to school in their children. Design. Cross-sectional. Setting. San Bernardino County, California. Subjects. Three hundred sixty-five families (one parent and one child in grades four through eight). Eighty-five reside in a smart growth community designed to be more conducive to physical activity. Measures. Parent perceptions assessed using the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale (NEWS). General child physical activity was measured using accelerometers, and active commuting was self-reported by children. Analysis. Two sets of regressions were performed: one for general physical activity, and one for active commuting. Separate models were run in the two sets for each of the 14 NEWS factors, while controlling for demographics. Results. For general physical activity, walking infrastructure, lack of cul-de-sacs, and social interaction had significant main effect associations (p ≤ .05). No factors were moderated by community. The relationships between active commuting to school and perceived crime, traffic hazards, hilliness, physical barriers, cul-de-sac connectivity, aesthetics, and walking infrastructure were significant for those in the smart growth community only (p ≤ .05). Conclusions. Living in an activity-friendly environment is associated with positive relationships between parent perceptions and active commuting behaviors in children. Future interventions should account for both the perceived neighborhood environment and available physical activity infrastructure.