bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
gvSOS: A New Client for the OGC® Sensor Observation Service Interface Standard
Authors: Tamayo Alain , Huerta Joaquín , Granell Carlos , Díaz Laura , Quirós Ricardo 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA key problem with sensor networks is achieving interoperability between different networks potentially built using different software and hardware platforms. Services interfaced by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) specifications allow GIS clients to access geospatial data without knowing the details about how these data are gathered or stored. Currently, OGC is working on a set of interoperable interfaces and metadata encodings known as Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) that enables the integration of heterogeneous sensor systems and measurements into geospatial information infrastructures. In this article we present the implementation of gvSOS, a new module for gvSIG to connect to Sensor Observation Services (SOS). The gvSOS client module allows gvSIG users to interact with SOS servers, displaying the information gathered by sensors as a layer composed by features. We present the software engineering development process followed to build the module. For each step of the process we specify the main obstacles found during the development such as restrictions of the gvSIG architecture, inaccuracies in the OGC specifications, and a set of common problems found in current SOS server implementations available on the Internet. For most of the problems found we propose a solution, or at least we present a path that might lead to it.
Continua of specificity and virulence in plant host–pathogen interactions: causes and consequences
Authors: Barrett Luke G. , Kniskern Joel M. , Bodenhausen Natacha , Zhang Wen , Bergelson Joy 
Published: June 2009

SummaryEcological, evolutionary and molecular models of interactions between plant hosts and microbial pathogens are largely based around a concept of tightly coupled interactions between species pairs. However, highly pathogenic and obligate associations between host and pathogen species represent only a fraction of the diversity encountered in natural and managed systems. Instead, many pathogens can infect a wide range of hosts, and most hosts are exposed to more than one pathogen species, often simultaneously. Furthermore, outcomes of pathogen infection vary widely because host plants vary in resistance and tolerance to infection, while pathogens are also variable in their ability to grow on or within hosts. Environmental heterogeneity further increases the potential for variation in plant host–pathogen interactions by influencing the degree and fitness consequences of infection. Here, we describe these continua of specificity and virulence inherent within plant host–pathogen interactions. Using this framework, we describe and contrast the genetic and environmental mechanisms that underlie this variation, outline consequences for epidemiology and community structure, explore likely ecological and evolutionary drivers, and highlight several key areas for future research.

Contents

Summary
513

I.
Introduction
513

II.
Continua in plant host–pathogen interactions
514

III.
Mechanisms underlying continua in specificity and virulence
516

IV.
Ecological consequences
519

V.
Evolutionary patterns and processes
520

VI.
Conclusions
524

Acknowledgements
525

References
525
Segregation of temporal and spatial distribution between kleptoparasites and parasitoids of the eusocial sweat bee, Lasioglossum malachurum (Hymenoptera: Halictidae, Mutillidae)
Authors: POLIDORI Carlo , BORRUSO Luigimaria , BOESI Roberto , ANDRIETTI Francesco 
Published: June 2009

AbstractCuckoo bees and velvet ants use different resources of their shared host bees, the former laying eggs on the host pollen stores and the latter on immature stages. We studied the activity patterns of the cuckoo bee Sphecodes monilicornis and the velvet ant Myrmilla capitata at two nesting sites of their host, the social digger bee Lasioglossum malachurum, over a 3 year period. Due to the difference in host exploitation, we expected different temporal patterns of the two natural enemies as well as a positive spatial association with host nest density for both species. At a daily level, S. monilicornis was more abundant between 10.00 and 15.00 h, while M. capitata was most active in the early morning and late afternoon; both species activities were independent from host provisioning activity. The activity of cuckoo bees was in general positively correlated with the density of open host nests (but not with the total number of nests), while that of velvet ants was rarely correlated with this factor. Sphecodes monilicornis was seen both attacking the guard bees and directly entering into the host nests or digging close to nest entrances, while M. capitata only gained access to host nests through digging. We conclude that the temporal and spatial segregation between the two species may be, at least partially, explained both by the different resources exploited and by the different dynamics of host interactions.
Vulnerability of larvae of two species of aphidophagous ladybirds, Adalia bipunctata Linnaeus and Harmonia axyridis Pallas, to cannibalism and intraguild predation
Authors: SATO Satoru , YASUDA Hironori , EVANS Edward W. , DIXON Anthony F. G. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractVulnerability of larvae of two species of aphidophagous ladybirds, Adalia bipunctata Linnaeus and Harmonia axyridis Pallas, to cannibalism and intraguild predation was assessed in the laboratory. In the first experiment, a first instar of one of the two above species was kept with a fourth instar of the other species in a Petri dish. The number of times each first instar larva was encountered by the fourth instar larva and the fate of the first instar was determined over a period of 10 min. The fourth instar larvae captured and killed all the first instar larvae of their own species at the first encounter. However, when presented with fourth instar larvae of the other species the first instar larvae of A. bipunctata and H. axyridis were encountered 6.4 ± 1.3 (n = 10) and 19.4 ± 2.1 (n = 10), respectively. In this experiment no first instar larvae of H. axyridis, whereas all those of A. bipunctata, were killed.
Mating behavior and genital damage during copulation in the leaf beetle Lema coronata (Chrysomelidae: Criocerinae)
Authors: MATSUMURA Yoko , AKIMOTO Shin‐ichi 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe criocerine leaf beetle Lema coronata Baly has extremely long genitalia that reach more than twice the body length in both sexes. We observed mating behavior of this species in the laboratory and inspected the male genital morphology using a scanning electron microscope. The males did not perform pre‐copulatory courtship and post‐copulatory guarding of the mates, and copulation lasted only for about 30 min. The surface of male genitalia is smooth without any special structures at the tip. A fragment of broken male genitalia was detected in the spermathecal duct of one female. We discuss the adaptive significance of male genital damage and the selective factor of elongated genitalia.
Influence of soil moisture on supercooling capacity and associated physiological parameters of overwintering larvae of rice stem borer
Authors: HOU Maolin , HAN Yongqiang , LIN Wei 
Published: June 2009

AbstractInfluence of soil moisture on the supercooling capacity and associated physiological parameters of overwintering larvae of the rice stem borer Chilo suppressalis was examined by exposing larvae to soil moistures of 25, 50, 75 and 100% of saturated soil water content (SSWC) at ambient temperature for 30 d from December 2007 to January 2008 in Beijing, China. At the end of the exposure, supercooling points (SCPs) varied significantly among the treatments, the lowest being in the larvae exposed to soil moisture of 25% SSWC. Fresh weight was significantly higher in the larvae exposed to soil moisture of 100% SSWC than in those kept at 25 and 50% SSWC. Dry weight and body water content (% fresh weight) were not different among the treatments. Glucose and trehalose contents were markedly lower, and glycerol content was significantly higher in the larvae confined to soil moisture of 25% SSWC than in those exposed to the other soil moisture treatments. It is suggested that variation in body water content (% fresh weight) contributes to the differences in SCPs of the overwintering C. suppressalis larvae in all treatments, but the influence of soil moisture treatments on supercooling capacity are caused through changes in glycerol content.
Zircon U–Pb age, trace element and Hf isotope composition of Kongling terrane in the Yangtze Craton: refining the timing of Palaeoproterozoic high‐grade metamorphism
Authors: WU Y.‐B. , GAO S. , GONG H.‐J. , XIANG H. , JIAO W.‐F. , YANG S.‐H. , LIU Y.‐S. , YUAN H.‐L. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractU–Pb age, trace element and Hf isotope compositions of zircon were analysed for a metasedimentary rock and two amphibolites from the Kongling terrane in the northern part of the Yangtze Craton. The zircon shows distinct morphological and chemical characteristics. Most zircon in an amphibolite shows oscillatory zoning, high Th/U and 176Lu/177Hf ratios, high formation temperature, high trace element contents, clear negative Eu anomaly, as well as HREE‐enriched patterns, suggesting that it is igneous. The zircon yields a weighted mean 207Pb/206Pb age of 2857 ± 8 Ma, representing the age of the magmatic protolith. The zircon in the other two samples is metamorphic. It has low Th/U ratios, low trace element concentrations, variable HREE contents (33.8 ≥ LuN≥2213; 14.7 ≤ LuN/SmN ≤ 354) and 176Lu/177Hf ratios (0.000030–0.001168). The data indicate that the zircon formed in the presence of garnet and under upper amphibolite facies conditions. The metamorphic zircon yields a weighted mean 207Pb/206Pb age of 2010 ± 13 Ma. These results combined with previously obtained Palaeoproterozoic metamorphic ages suggest a c. 2.0 Ga Palaeoproterozoic collisional event in the Yangtze Craton, which may result from the assembly of the supercontinent Columbia. The zircon in two samples yields weighted mean two‐stage Hf model (TDM2) ages of 3217 ± 110 and 2943 ± 50 Ma, respectively, indicating that their protoliths were mainly derived from Archean crust.
Hemiconvulsion–hemiplegia syndrome in a patient with severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy
Authors: Sakakibara Takafumi , Nakagawa Eiji , Saito Yoshiaki , Sakuma Hiroshi , Komaki Hirofumi , Sugai Kenji , Sasaki Masayuki , Kurahashi Hirokazu , Hirose Shinichi 
Published: June 2009

SummaryWe report a 2‐year‐old girl who had repeated febrile or afebrile seizures since infancy. Prolonged left/right hemiconvulsions and myoclonus of the eyelids/extremities with generalization to tonic–clonic seizures, were refractory to antiepileptic agents. At age 1 year and 4 months, she contracted rotavirus infection, and developed status epilepticus with persistent right hemiclonic seizures. Left unilateral brain edema with subsequent emergence of cortical laminar necrosis and white matter lesions, and progressive atrophy of the left cerebral hemisphere were noted during this period. She showed residual right hemiparesis and mild intellectual disability, and had generalized/eyelid myoclonia and hot water epilepsy after a 5‐month seizure‐free period. Analysis for SCN1A, the gene encoding the neuronal voltage‐gated Na+ channel α1 subunit revealed a nonsense mutation, R1892X. These indicate the potential risk in patients with severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy (SMEI) to develop hemiconvulsion–hemiplegia (HH) syndrome. SCN1A mutations may need to be further explored in patients with HH syndrome without features of SMEI.
Comparison of Cooled‐Tip Versus 4‐mm‐Tip Catheter in the Efficacy of Acute Ablative Tissue Injury During Circumferential Pulmonary Vein Isolation
Authors: CHANG SHIH‐LIN , TAI CHING‐TAI , LIN YENN‐JIANG , LO LI‐WEI , TUAN TA‐CHUAN , UDYAVAR AMEYA R. , HU YU‐FENG , TSAO HSUAN‐MING , CHANG CHIEN‐JUN , TSAI WEN‐CHIN , CHEN SHIH‐ANN 
Published: June 2009

Introduction:
Although several studies have reported the benefits of cooled‐tip ablation for circumferential pulmonary veins isolation (CPVI), the acute change of substrate property and acute PV reconnection have not been well demonstrated. The aim of this study was to compare the cooled‐tip with regular 4‐mm‐tip catheter in acute substrate change after CPVI and long‐term efficacy.
Methods and Results:
One hundred and fifty‐six patients (115 males, age 53 ± 12 years) who underwent CPVI for treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) were included. Group A consisted of 52 patients with cooled‐tip ablation, and group B consisted of 104 patients with 4‐mm‐tip catheter ablation. The bipolar voltage of circumferential lesions was obtained using a 3‐dimensional (3D) mapping system (NavX) before and after CPVI. The electrical reconnections of 4 PVs were evaluated 30 minutes after CPVI using a circular catheter. Cooled‐tip catheter caused more reduction of the electrical voltage in PV antrum, lower incidence of acute PV reconnection, inducibility of AF, and gap‐related atrial tachyarrhythmia (AT). Less number of left atrial (LA) ablation line and ablation applications and less procedure time were found in cooled‐tip group compared to 4‐mm‐tip group. No significant difference in the incidence of pain sensation and complication was observed between the 2 groups. At a 14‐month follow‐up, the recurrence rate in the cooled‐tip group was lower than in the 4‐mm group (13.5% vs 33.7%, P = 0.009).
Conclusion:
Cooled‐tip catheter has a superior long‐term outcome than the 4‐mm‐tip catheter in CPVI, which may be associated with the efficacy of transmural block and electrical isolation in PV antrum.
Effects of Neem EC on gas exchange, tracheal ventilation, and water loss in diapausing pupae of Pieris brassicae
Authors: Jõgar Katrin , Kuusik Aare , Metspalu Luule , Hiiesaar Külli , Grishakova Maria , Luik Anne 
Published: June 2009

AbstractEffects of Neem EC (The Indian Neem Tree CompanyTM, 1% azadirachtin) on gas exchange cycles, tracheal ventilation, and water loss in diapausing pupae of the large white butterfly, Pieris brassicae L. (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), were studied using a constant volume respirometer combined with an infrared probe actograph. The non‐treated pupae displayed discontinuous gas exchange cycles (DGC) with a trend coinciding with the bursts of carbon dioxide (CO2) release, active tracheal ventilation, and the heartbeat periods. Two independent forms of tracheal ventilation were observed, relatively vigorous abdominal shaking movements and weak abdominal pulsations. The ability to respond to mechanical excitation with abdominal movements was entirely lost on the 2nd day after treatments with Neem EC, and also a reduced tendency to use a DGC was observed. During 2–3 days after treatments, the DGCs and gas exchange microcycles were entirely lost, as was active ventilation. Before treatments, body mass loss, that is, water loss, was 0.6–0.9 mg g−1 day−1. After the treatments, water loss increased to 3–5 mg g−1 day−1. The pupae remained alive for 10–15 days after the treatments and died after having lost about 50% of their initial body mass. The absence of heartbeats measured during at least 4–5 h was the main criterion for ascertaining death of pupae. The results suggested that respiratory failures, that is, the loss of cyclic gas exchange, evoked by Neem EC were the primary cause of lethal desiccation. Thus, the hypothesis that the cyclic gas exchange is an adaptation for restricting water losses in insects was supported.
Contribution of ergot alkaloids to suppression of a grass‐feeding caterpillar assessed with gene knockout endophytes in perennial ryegrass
Authors: Potter Daniel A. , Tyler Stokes J. , Redmond Carl T. , Schardl Christopher L. , Panaccione Daniel G. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract Neotyphodium and Epichloë species (Ascomycota: Clavicipitaceae) are fungal symbionts (endophytes) of grasses. Many of these endophytes produce alkaloids that enhance their hosts’ resistance to insects or are toxic to grazing mammals. The goals of eliminating from forage grasses factors such as ergot alkaloids that are responsible for livestock disorders, while retaining pasture sustainability, and of developing resistant turf grasses, require better understanding of how particular alkaloids affect insect herbivores. We used perennial ryegrass Lolium perenne L. (Poaceae) symbiotic with Neotyphodium lolii × Epichloë typhina isolate Lp1 (a natural interspecific hybrid), as well as with genetically modified strains of Lp1 with altered ergot alkaloid profiles, to test effects of ergot alkaloids on feeding, growth, and survival of the black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), a generalist grass‐feeding caterpillar. Neonates or late instars were provided clippings from glasshouse‐grown plants in choice and rearing trials. Wild‐type endophytic grass showed strong antixenosis and antibiosis, especially to neonates. Plant‐endophyte symbiota from which complex ergot alkaloids (ergovaline and lysergic acid amides such as ergine) or all ergot alkaloids were eliminated by endophyte gene knockout retained significant resistance against neonates. However, this activity was reduced compared to that of wild‐type Lp1, providing the first direct genetic evidence that ergot alkaloids contribute to insect resistance of endophytic grasses. Similarity of larval response to the two mutants suggested that ergovaline and/or ergine account for the somewhat greater potency of wild‐type Lp1 compared to the knockouts, whereas simpler ergot alkaloids contribute little to that added resistance. All of the endophyte strains also produced peramine, which was probably their primary resistance component. This study suggests that ergot alkaloids can be eliminated from an endophyte of perennial ryegrass while retaining significant insect resistance.
Dispersal of potato tuber moth estimated using field application of Bt for mark‐capture techniques
Authors: Cameron P. J. , Wigley P. J. , Elliott S. , Madhusudhan V. V. , Wallace A. R. , Anderson J. A. D. , Walker G. P. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA new mark‐capture technique involving field applications of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) to study the dispersal of potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), was investigated as a tool to improve information on the potential impact of insect pest dispersal on crop infestation and insecticide resistance. The acquisition and persistence of Bt on moths were characterized and potential contamination of moths from naturally occurring Bts was examined. This mark‐capture technique was developed to mark larger numbers of moths than had been previously achieved with laboratory marking using fluorescent dyes in mark‐release‐recapture experiments. Applications of commercial preparations of Bt to 0.3 and 1.0 ha potato fields were estimated to have marked ca. 50 000 moths in each experiment. Pheromone trap catches of potato tuber moths in the Bt‐sprayed fields and in potato fields at distances of ca. 80, 200, 350, and 750 m were assayed for the Bt marker using selective microbiological media and identification of characteristic Bt crystal inclusions. Marking rates of moths were 78–100% in the sprayed fields and, compared with our previous mark‐release‐recapture studies, marking at ca. 200 m was increased by 15–18‐fold to >3.0 moths per trap. This capture rate allowed the calculation of a dispersal curve that improved the reliability of estimates of movement at farm‐scale distances. These estimates indicated that 10% of the population dispersed to 240 m in 3 days, and suggested that moths can potentially disperse throughout a typical potato‐growing area in one growing season. This level of dispersal has implications for the spread and management of potato tuber moth populations, especially if insecticide resistance is present.
The interplay of lipopolysaccharide‐binding protein and cytokines in periodontal health and disease
Authors: Ren Lei , Jiang Zi Qiang , Fu Yun , Leung Wai Keung , Jin Lijian 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAim: Periodontal pathogenesis is characterized by Gram‐negative bacteria activation of series of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines from host cells through the pathway of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), LPS‐binding protein (LBP) and CD14. The present study investigated the expression profiles of interleukin (IL)‐1β and IL‐10 in periodontal health and disease, and examined the effects of Escherichia coli LPS and LBP interaction on the expression of IL‐1β and IL‐10 by human gingival fibroblasts (HGF).Material and Methods: Gingival biopsies were collected from 44 subjects with chronic periodontitis and 15 periodontally healthy subjects. The expression of IL‐1β and IL‐10 was detected by immunohistochemistry. The mRNA expression of IL‐1β and IL‐10 in HGF was detected by RT‐PCR with or without recombinant human LBP (rhLBP), while the peptides were analysed by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.Results: IL‐1β was detected in both oral sulcular epithelia of healthy controls and periodontal pocket epithelia of patients. IL‐10 was mainly expressed in the intercellular spaces of connective tissues. IL‐1β displayed a reverse pattern of expression levels with reference to IL‐10, and a negative correlation existed between LBP and the ratio of IL‐1β/IL‐10. rhLBP suppressed E. coli LPS‐induced IL‐1β expression by HGF.Conclusion: An appropriate interplay of LBP and cytokines may have a beneficial effect on innate host defence, thereby contributing to periodontal homeostasis.
Effect of platelet‐rich plasma on sinus lifting: a randomized‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Torres Jesús , Tamimi Faleh , Martinez Pedro‐Pablo , Alkhraisat Mohammad Hamdan , Linares Rafael , Hernández Gonzalo , Torres‐Macho Juan , López‐Cabarcos Enrique 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjective: The combination of anorganic bovine bone (ABB) with platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) has been widely used in bone regeneration procedures although its benefits are still unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether or not PRP improves the efficacy of ABB in sinus floor augmentation. In addition, we have investigated the effect of residual bone height and tobacco on implant survival in sinus augmentation procedures.Patient and Methods: Eighty‐seven patients recruited for this study underwent 144 sinus floor augmentation procedures using ABB alone or ABB plus PRP (ABB+PRP) in a randomized clinical trial. A total of 286 implants were placed in the augmented bone, and their evolution was followed up for a period of 24 months. In order to investigate on a histological level and any adjunctive effects, we performed an ancillary study in five edentulous patients with a symmetrical severely resorbed maxilla. In these patients, a bilateral sinus augmentation was randomly performed using ABB or ABB+PRP in a split‐mouth design, and after 6 months, bone biopsies were taken from the implant sites for histological and histomorphometric analysis.Results: Overall, 96.2% of ABB and 98.6% of ABB+PRP implant success were obtained during the monitoring period and differences were not found between sites grafted with and without PRP in the 87 patients studied. Densitometry assessments and graft resorption were similar in both experimental groups. However, the histological and histomorphometrical analysis in the five edentulous patients revealed that bone augmentation was significantly higher in sites treated with ABB+PRP (p0.05). Another outcome from our study is that the lack of initial bone support (p0.05) and smoking (p=0.05) appeared to have a negative effect on the treatment success, which was accentuated when both circumstances coincided.Conclusions: PRP is not a determining factor for implant survival in sinus lifting procedures. However, this study revealed that PRP can improve the osteoconductive properties of ABB by increasing the volume of new bone formed. Moreover, in sinus augmentation procedures the implant's survival rate appears to be more influenced by the residual bone height or by tobacco than by the type of bone graft.