bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antineuronal Antibodies in Obsessive-compulsive Disorder: Comparisons in Children with OCD-only, OCD + Chronic tics and OCD + PANDAS
Authors: Singer H. , Gause C. , Grados M. 
Published: March 2009

We will present a comparison of serum antineuronal antibody profiles in children with OCD-only (n=13), PANDAS + OCD (n=20), CTD + OCD (n=23), and age-matched controls (n=29). Detection methods used to evaluate anti-brain antibodies included immunohistochemistry (striatum), ELISA (BA 9/10, BA 11, caudate, and cingulate gyrus), and Western immunoblotting (BA 9/10, BA 11, caudate, and cingulate gyrus).Immunublotting was further used to assess the presence and concentration of putative antigens identified in post-streptococcal patients, i.e., *- and *-enolase, aldolase C, pyruvate kinase M1 and tubulin. Anti-lysoganglioside GM1 activity was measured by competitive inhibition.
Which Symptoms do Best Predict Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) in Males? Results from an Icelandic Community Study
Authors: Pálsson S. , Sigurðsson B. , Aevarsson Ó. , Ólafsdóttir M. 
Published: March 2009

Background/objectives:The concept of male depression is based on the hypothesis that typical symptoms of depression in men often seem to be masked by non-typical male distress symptoms not considered in common depression inventories. Despite clinical evidence, scientific evidence is still lacking. The study describes symptoms reported by males (on the Gotland Male Depression Scale (GMDS) in a community study and these were further validated against MDS criteria.Methods:In a community study in Reykjanes Iceland, 534 males were rated by the GMDS. In the second phase a sub-sample of healthy and depressive males were examined by a trained psychiatrist in a semi-structured interview (N=137). Diagnosis was according to the DSM-IV for MDD. The symptoms on GMDS are self-rated from 0-3.Results:In the community sample the prevalence (>1 GMDS) of single symptoms was following: More stressed out than usual (16.8%), aggressiveness (11.8%), feeling of being burned out (14.5%), tiredness (18.2%), more irritable (15.3%), difficulty making decisions (10.8%), sleep problems (21%), anxiety/uneasiness (10.5%), increased use of alcohol/substances, hyperactivity ( 10.3%), behavioural changes (4.7%), feeling sad/hopeless (10.4%), self-pity (4.8%). All symptoms on GMDS correlated strongly with MDD. In a stepwiselogistic regression model, controlling for medication and age, three items contributed independently to MDD diagnoses. These were aggressiveness, being more irritable and anxiety/uneasiness.Conclusions:Sleep problems and tiredness were most commonly reported symptoms. The best predicting symptoms for MDD were anxiety and acting out symptoms, aggression and irritability. This is of interest as these symptoms are not in the criteria for MDD.
How Gender-Specific is Male Depression?
Authors: Moeller-Leimkuehler A.M. , Yuecel M. 
Published: March 2009

Although there is a large amount of clinical evidence for a male-type depression, scientific evidence is still limited, especially in non-clinical populations with regard to gender differences in symptoms.In a sample of college students (518 males, 499 females) the relationship between male depression, sex and gender-role orientation was examined. Contrary to expectations, female students had a greater risk of male depression than male students (28.9% vs. 22.4%; p< 0.05). Overall, depressive symptoms as well as male-type distress symptoms were more pronounced in females. In the subgroup of those at risk for male depression sex and kind of symptoms were unrelated. With regard to the impact of gender-role orientation, feminine and undifferentiated orientation predict significant higher risk of male depression (30.7% and 38.1%), independent of biological sex, and were associated with different symptom factors.The results suggest that male depression might not only be a male phenomenon, at least in college students, since young women have adopted male attributes. In conclusion, gender studies in depression should not rely on biological sex, but include measures of gender-related selfconcepts and normative orientations.
Do Suicidal Females have “Male-type” Depression?
Authors: Rihmer Z. , Rutz W. , Rihmer A. , Gonda X. , Webb R. , Kapur N. 
Published: March 2009

Recent studies suggest an evidence for a “male depressive syndrome” in patients with major depressive disorder.Because males are markedly overrepresented among suicide victims and the opposite is true for suicide attempters, we investigated the rate and global severity of Gotland Male Depression as measured by the Gotland Male Depression scale in 86 suicide victims (74 males, 12 females), 86 suicide attempters (21 males, 65 females) with current DSM-IV major depressive episode and in 144 normal controls (116 males, 28 females). The rate of Gotland “Male” Depression (total score of 13 or more) was significantly higher in depressed suicide victims (98%) and in depressed suicide attempters (93%) than in normal controls (2%, p=0.00001). Among depressed suicide victims 100% of males and 83% of females have had Gotland “Male” Depression (p=0.02) while the same figures among the depressed suicide attempters were 91% and 94%, respectively (not significant). The total Gotland Male Depression scores were significantly higher in depressive suicide victims (22.26) and depressive suicide attempters (23.23) than in normal controls (4.01, p=0.00001 and p=0.0001, respectively), with significant gender differences only among depressed suicide victims (males: 22.85, females: 18.58, p=0.009) and normal controls (males: 4.33, females: 2.71, p=0.05).However, since male and female depressed inpatients do not show clinically significant difference in their mean total scores on Gotland scale symptoms (11.99 vs 12.04, Möller-Leimkühler et al, 2004), it would be premature to conclude from our present findings that compared to nonsuicidal female depressives, suicidal female depressives have male-type depression profile.
The Challenge of Psychiatric Treatments in the Deaf Population
Authors: DuFeu M. 
Published: March 2009

Delivering appropriate psychiatric treatments to a Deaf population faces many challenges:•The geographical spread of this client group, who comprise about one in a thousand of the general population.•The complexity of the treatment needs of Deaf people, who may have neurological, psychiatric, social, emotional and psychological difficulties, in addition to a deprived history, which can include significant language delay or deprivation.•The challenge of delivering multi disciplinary treatment programs in conjunction with locally based mainstream resources. Most specialist Mental Health services for Deaf people do cannot provide out of hours or crisis services, and some do not have sufficient community based staff, or any day or in patient provision.The specialist Deaf mental health services need to undertake major awareness, teaching and liaison programs:•With any agency in contact with Deaf people, including Health, Mental Health and Social work and voluntary organistions.•With the Deaf Community to raise awareness of mental health issues, to give information and remove stigma.All these initiatives need to take place locally as well as at national policy making level.
A Mental Health Unit for the Deaf. The Spanish Experience
Authors: Muñoz J. , Garcia A. , Ferre F. 
Published: March 2009

In 2002 the first spanish mental health unit for the Deaf was set up at the Gregorio Marañón Hospital in Madrid.From this moment that unit has seen more than 400 profoundly deaf patients which means more than 6500 consultations.Only 3 professionals works in the unit. a psychologist, a social worker and a part time psychiatrist.We have 3 principal goals in our presentation:1.First: Present the results of the unit. Number and kind of patients, disorders and treatments.2.Second: Explain how difficult is to set up this kind of spcialized units in a big general hospital.3.Third: Prsent our plans to improve our unit in the short term.
Substance Use, Suicidality and Adolescent-onset Schizoprenia - an Israeli Ten-year Retrospective Study
Authors: Shoval G. , Weizman A. , Zalsman G. 
Published: March 2009

Objective:To investigate the link between the use of specific types of substances and suicidality in adolescent inpatients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder.Methods:We performed a ten-year naturalistic retrospective study of 178 adolescent inpatients diagnosed as suffering from either schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. A comparison was made between the suicide-attempting adolescent inpatients and the non-attempting subjects, by the use of specific types of substances, measurements of psychotic, depressive and aggressive symptoms and clinical data reported during their hospitalization.Results:The suicide attempters reported considerably greater usage of inhalants and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Alcohol and methylene-dioxy-methylamphethamine (MDMA) were also used significantly more by this group. However, no differences were found in the usage of cannabis, amphethamines, cocaine and opiates. The suicide attempting patients were found to have had more previous psychiatric admissions, a greater level of deliberate self-harm behavior and a higher level of suicide ideation, but rather a decreased severity of psychotic symptoms.Conclusions:This study is the first report of the association between specific types of substances and suicidality in the high-risk population of adolescent psychotic inpatients. The strong association between inhalants, LSD, alcohol and MDMA with suicidality is relevant to suicide prevention and intervention programs in adolescent-onset schizophrenia.
Alcohol and Suicide in Belarus
Authors: Razvodovsky Y. 
Published: March 2009

Background:It is well recognized that both acute and chronic alcohol use are among the major behaviorally modifiable factors that are associated with suicidal behaviour. High suicide rate in the former Soviet Republics and its profound fluctuation over the past decades have attracted considerable interest. There is mounting evidence that the role of alcohol is a crucial in understanding this phenomenon.Aim:To estimate the aggregate level effect of alcohol on the suicide rate in the former Soviet republic Belarus.Method:Trends in alcohol consumption per capita and suicides rate from 1979 to 2007 were analyzed employing ARIMA time series analysis.Results:According to Bureau of Forensic Medicine autopsy reports the number of BAC-positive suicides increased by 47.7% (from 10.7 to 15.8 per 100.000) and number of BAC-negative suicides increased by 31.4% (from 7 to 9.2 per 100.000). Alcohol in blood was found in 62% suicide victims for the whole period, with the minimum figure 49.3% in 1988 and maximum 68.5% in 1981. The results from the time series analysis indicated the presence of a statistically significant association between the alcohol consumption and BAC-positive suicide rates, while changes in the number of BAC-negative suicides were not related to fluctuation in alcohol consumption level. The analysis suggests that a 1 litre increase in alcohol consumption per capita would result in a 10,9% increase in a number of BAC-positive suicides.Conclusion:The results of present study support the idea that alcohol was responsible for the fluctuation in suicide rate in Belarus.
Depressive Symptoms Predict Cognitive Decline in an Elderly Non Disabled Population with White Matter Changes. Results of the LADIS Study
Authors: Verdelho A. , Madureira S. , Moleiro C. , Ferro J.M. 
Published: March 2009

Aims:Depressive symptoms (DS) in the elderly have been implicated in cognitive decline, and are more frequent in patients with white matter changes (WMC). Our aim was to ascertain if DS influence cognition in an elderly population with WMC.Methods:The LADIS (Leukoaraiosis and Disability) is a prospective European study that evaluates the impact of WMC on the transition of independent elderly subjects into disability. Subjects were enrolled due to minor complaints without impact in daily-living activities, and presence of WMC. Subjects were evaluated at baseline and yearly during 3 years with a comprehensive clinical and functional protocol. DS were recorded with the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Major depression was classified according to the DSM-IV criteria. Dementia and cognitive decline not dementia were diagnosed according to usual clinical criteria. MRI was performed at entry and at the end of the study. WMC severity was rated according to the Fazeka's scale.Results:639 subjects were included (74.1 ± 5 years old, 55% women, 9.6±3.8 years of schooling). 89% (568), 78.4% (501), and 75% (480) of the patients from the initial sample were followed-up in clinical visit at year 1, 2 and 3. At the end of the study 90 patients were demented and 147 patients had cognitive impairment not dementia. Using survival Cox regression we found that depressive symptoms were independent predictors of cognitive impairment independently of age, education, gender, WMC severity and temporal atrophy.Conclusion:Depressive symptoms are independent predictor of cognitive decline in an independent elderly population with WMC.
Prefrontal Dysfunctions and Temperament in Pathological Obesity - the Results of Neuropsychological, TEMPS-A and Genetics Studies
Authors: Borkowska A. , Tretyn A. , Golebiewski M. , Bielinski M. , Akiskal H. 
Published: March 2009

In this study the performance on Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) in relation to the polymorphism of serotonin system genes - 5HT2A, 5HT2C, 5HTT, temperament using TEMPS-A scale in relation to the intensity of depression on Beck Depression Scale were evaluated in 150 subjects with pathological obesity, BMI>40. For assessment prefrontal dysfunction the WCST, and for 5 dimensions of temperament (depressive,cyclothymic, hyperthymic, irritable and anxious) the TEMPS-A scale were used. The results of WCST and TEMPS-A were compared with the results of healthy sex, age and education matched controls.Subjects with obesity obtained significant worse results on WCST than controls. The results of TEMPS-A scale show the high prevalence of irritable and depressive temperament in patients group. Female patients show highest prevalence of depressive and anxious temperament, while males the irritable and hiperthymic temperament. The medium or serious intensity of depression was found in 50% of cases. The intensity of depressed symptoms correlated with depressive temperament in female. Interesting results were obtained in the case of 5HT2C: a known polymorphism (-759C>T) could not explain the banding pattern observed. It is possible that we have found a novel polymorphism that strongly correlates with obesity.The results obtained show highest prevalence of depression, specific temperamental picture and prefrontal dysfunctions in patients with pathological obesity which may be related to the polymorphisms of serotonin and dopaminergic system genes and possible association of the obesity with the new polymorphism of 5HT2C gene.
Prevalence of Overweight, Obesity, and Associated Psychological Problems in Qatari’s Female Population
Authors: Bener A. 
Published: March 2009

Background:Dissatisfaction with body weight and the use of unhealthy weight reduction practices have been reported among adolescents.Objective:The aim of the present study was to examine the severity of dieting and its association with obesity, body satisfaction and psychological problems in female adolescents.Subjects:A representative sample of 800 girls aged 14-19 years were approached during the period October to December 2004 and 566 girls gave consent and participated in the study, thus giving a response rate of 70.8%.Methods:Self-reports were obtained from 566 teenage girls using the Adolescent Dieting Scale (ADS) and the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) for psychopathology.Results:The prevalence of overweight and obesity for female adolescents were 13.4% vs 1.8%;-; 39.9% were intermediate dieters, and 8.3% were extreme dieters. Dieting was not associated with age but was significantly associated with body mass index (BMI) (p=0.045). Extreme dieting was strongly associated with peer perception of respondent's figure (p< 0.001) and self perception of figure (p=0.016). Additionally, in adult Qatari population overweight and obesity for males were (34.4% vs 34.6%) and for females were (33.0% vs 45.3%). This is significantly higher than adolescent girls. (p< 0.01). The SRQ score was significantly highest in the extreme dieters group (p=0.005). The extreme dieters get most of their education (or information?) about dieting from school(14.0%) and TV(43.6%).Conclusion:The present study revealed strong evidence for the association between frequent dieting and overweight, body image dissatisfaction and psychological problems among adolescent females.
Increased Dopamine Transmission Impairs Behavioral Flexibility and Synaptic Plasticity
Authors: Giros B. 
Published: March 2009

In addition to its key roles in motor and reward systems, brain dopamine (DA) has also been implicated in integrative functions contributing to adaptive behaviors such as attention, learning and memory, which processing involved the plastic changes of synaptic strength. Since the first formal evidence for Long Term Plasticity mechanism (LTP) in the Hippocampal Formation (HF), the phenomenon of synaptic plasticity has been described in various brain areas. It is appealing to consider that this is particularly true for brain regions that receive DA inputs, including the striatum and the frontal cortex being those most studied beside the hippocampus.We have observed, using mice lacking the dopamine transporter (DAT) which constitute a unique genetic model of persistent functional hyperdopaminergia, a strong deficit of LTD and an enhancement of LTP in the CA1 region of hippocampal slices. This finding suggests that the augmentation of endogenous dopamine by DAT knockout modulates the plastic property of bidirectional synaptic plasticity by inducing a metaplastic shift in the HF. This deficit of LTD can be reversed by the D2 antagonist haloperidol, whereas the LTP increase is not altered. In the same animals, we observed a major impairment of cued-learning in the Morris watermaze, as well as more subtle, but solid, deficits in the spatial learning. These deficits of behavioral flexibility are reversed using haloperidol. Finally, in control animals, the direct blockade of the DAT using GBR12935, can reproduce the LTD and the behavioral deficits, indicating that they are not a consequence of developmental changes.
Maternal Deprivation in Rat: Model of Vulnerability to Opiate Addiciton
Authors: Dauge V. 
Published: March 2009

Aims:The concept of individual vulnerability applied to mental pathology involves genetic background and/or environmental context. We studied the impact of environmental factors such as maternal deprivation on the appearance of a vulnerability to addiction. Maternal deprivation represents an early stress, a lack of nursing occurring during a period of intense neuronal development and then could lead to long term brain functioning abnormalities. It has been recently shown that > 900 genes are stably regulated by maternal care in rat.Methods:Pups were separated from their mother and littermate the day after birth 3h/day for 14 days. Place preference and oral auto-administration tests were performed at the adulthood. Opioidergic and dopaminergic systems were studied.Results:We showed that maternal deprivation leads in adult male rats to a hypersensitivity to the rewarding and reinforcing effects of morphine correlated with a basal hypoactivity of the striatal enkephalinergic system. Maternal deprivation did not change oral self-administration behavior of cocaine and alcohol. Adolescent chronic tetrahydrocannabinol exposure suppressed morphine dependence in adult deprived rats.Conclusion:Maternal deprivation represents a highly valuable model to study environmentally triggered inter-individual vulnerability to opiate addiction. The suppression of morphine dependence in adult deprived rats after adolescent chronic tetrahydrocannabinol exposure raise the question of the beneficial effects of cannabis in opiate dependence vulnerability context.
Are Animal Models of Cognitive Deficit Relevant for Man? Translational Problems in Schizophrenia
Authors: Boyer P. 
Published: March 2009

Since long working memory deficit has been considered as one of the major cognitive dysfunction encountered in schizophrenia. Working memory is critical for human reasoning, judgment and decision and depends upon the integrity of prefrontal and cingulate circuitry. As a consequence coupling pharmacological (amphetamine sensitization, subchronic phencyclidine administration, neurodevelopmental insult) and behavioral approaches of prefrontal functions in animals seems to be a cue totally appropriate for elucidating the mechanisms of this dysfunction in man (Castner,2004).In rodent models aberrant dopaminergic and glutamatergic signaling in medial prefrontal cortex has undoubtedly an impact on memory and learning, But the analogy between these deficits and a true working memory deficit in man is not obvious. Due to the higher degree of homology between human and non-human primates behavioral tests in apes seem to be more relevant but once again they can not be considered as reflecting strictly the consequences of working memory dysfunction in schizophrenia. Another approach is to extend the insights gained from the study of normal brain organization in animal models to better understand the neural basis on which working memory functions are based (Tanaka, 2006). Dissecting the cellular and circuit basis of prefrontal and cingulate cortices can give an idea how direct and indirect intercellular mechanisms are modulating working memory Nevertheless the behavioral part of this type of study remains non conclusive. It seems in fact that working memory itself is probably not a good candidate and that contextual-binding tasks (which explore encoding and retrieval) are more appropriate (Boyer,2007).
OAP Actual Problems in European Countries
Authors: Firmino H. , Tataru N. 
Published: March 2009

Aging of the world population risks to be accompanied by an increase of chronic health problems, and most particularly of mental health problems. To face to these problems the organization of care and education in old age psychiatry is still quite insufficient worldwide. Like in all countries in this part of the world, the geriatric psychiatry is still not enough represented. Only in some countries in Europe old age psychiatry is a recognized specialty (18% of European region countries responded at a WPA survey of teaching and training in OAP). The number of professionals working in the field is still very low to satisfy the needs of care of elderly with mental disorders. There is inadequate training for formal caregivers and lack of support for informal ones. This is the reason to support the development of postgraduate education on old age psychiatry as a priority in Europe. We discuss about teaching and training in old age psychiatry, psychiatric and psychological expertise exams and the assessment of competence in dementia and ethical aspect of care and research in elderly demented people.We also present some aspects of elderly sexuality and abuse and about mental health from strategy to reality and dementia care in different Europe countries.Chairs: Horacio Firmino-Portugal, Nicoleta Tataru-Romania.Speakers:1.Alexandra Milicevic-Kalasic, Serbia: ‘Mental Health in Serbia-from Strategy to Reality’.2.Horacio Firmino, Portugal: ‘Education on Old Age Psychiatry at Europe: facts and proposals’.3.Ilkin Icelly, Turkey: ‘Elderly abuse in Turkey’.4.Jerzy Leszek, Poland: ‘Dementia care in Poland’.