bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increasing prevalence of nasal and rectal colonization with methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus in children with cancer
Authors: Srinivasan Ashok , Seifried Steven E. , Zhu Liang , Srivastava Deo K. , Perkins Rosalie , Shenep Jerry L. , Bankowski Matthew J. , Hayden Randall T. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackgroundInfections with methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), in community‐settings, especially with strains carrying the Panton‐Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) genes, have increased markedly in recent years. Colonization with S. aureus is a risk factor for infection. However, there are few studies that examine colonization and infection with PVL‐positive strains of MRSA in cancer patients.ProcedureThe epidemiology of colonization and infection with MRSA was studied in children with cancer during two time periods: 2000/2001 and 2006/2007. PVL genes were screened and spa typing performed on the isolates.ResultsThe prevalence of colonization with MRSA increased from 0.6% in 2000/2001 to 2.9% in 2006/2007 (P = 0.0003). MRSA colonization at admission was associated with infection (P < 0.0001; RR 38.32; 95% CI: 23.36–62.84). The prevalence of infection increased from 0.99% in 2000/2001 to 3.78% in 2006–2007 (P = 0.0002). Of the 32 colonized patients, 18 (56%) had infection. None of the 14 colonized but non‐infected patients had dual colonization of nares and rectum, while 8 of the 18 infected patients had colonization of both of these sites (P = 0.004). Ten patients (31%) were colonized with PVL‐positive strains. Patients colonized with PVL‐positive strains were more likely to be colonized both in the nares and rectum (P = 0.005), and more likely to have infection (P = 0.001). Recurrent MRSA infections were seen in 22% of patients.ConclusionAn increasing prevalence of colonization with MRSA was observed in children with cancer at our institution. Colonization with MRSA especially with PVL‐positive strains was associated with infection. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:1317–1322. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Contactless measurement of minority carrier lifetime in silicon ingots and bricks
Authors: Swirhun James S. , Sinton Ronald A. , Forsyth M. Keith , Mankad Tanaya 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMeasuring the bulk lifetime of unpassivated blocks and ingots is of great interest to the solar cell industry. The eddy‐current photoconductance method is a common choice for such measurements, employing the quasi‐steady‐state (QSS) mode for lower lifetime samples, and the transient photoconductance decay (PCD) mode for higher lifetime samples. Due to the high surface recombination velocity in unpassivated bulk samples, the lifetime measured with this method consists of components of recombination at both the surface and in the bulk. In order to determine the bulk lifetime from the measurement data, simulations of both transient and QSS mode measurements were conducted. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of Leishmania‐specific protein phosphorylation sites by LC‐ESI‐MS/MS and comparative genomics analyses
Authors: Hem Sonia , Gherardini Pier Federico , Fortéa José Osorio y , Hourdel Veronique , Morales Miguel A. , Watanabe Reiko , Pescher Pascale , Kuzyk Michael A. , Smith Derek , Borchers Christoph H. , Zilberstein Dan , Helmer‐Citterich Manuela , Namane Abdelkader , Späth Gerald F. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractHuman pathogenic protozoa of the genus Leishmania undergo various developmental transitions during the infectious cycle that are triggered by changes in the host environment. How these parasites sense, transduce, and respond to these signals is only poorly understood. Here we used phosphoproteomic approaches to monitor signaling events in L. donovani axenic amastigotes, which may be important for intracellular parasite survival. LC‐ESI‐MS/MS analysis of IMAC‐enriched phosphoprotein extracts identified 445 putative phosphoproteins in two independent biological experiments. Functional enrichment analysis allowed us to gain insight into parasite pathways that are regulated by protein phosphorylation and revealed significant enrichment in our data set of proteins whose biological functions are associated with protein turn‐over, stress response, and signal transduction. LC‐ESI‐MS/MS analysis of TiO2‐enriched phosphopeptides confirmed these results and identified 157 unique phosphopeptides covering 181 unique phosphorylation sites in 126 distinct proteins. Investigation of phosphorylation site conservation across related trypanosomatids and higher eukaryotes by multiple sequence alignment and cluster analysis revealed L. donovani‐specific phosphoresidues in highly conserved proteins that share significant sequence homology to orthologs of the human host. These unique phosphorylation sites reveal important differences between host and parasite biology and post‐translational protein regulation, which may be exploited for the design of novel anti‐parasitic interventions.
Characterization of multiple alternative forms of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K by phosphate‐affinity electrophoresis
Authors: Kimura Yayoi , Nagata Kayoko , Suzuki Nobutake , Yokoyama Ryo , Yamanaka Yuko , Kitamura Hiroshi , Hirano Hisashi , Ohara Osamu 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe phosphorylation of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K) is thought to play an important role in cell regulation and signal transduction. However, the relationship between hnRNP K phosphorylation and cellular events has only been indirectly examined, and the phosphorylated forms of endogenous hnRNP K have not been biochemically characterized in detail. In this study, we extensively examined the phosphorylated forms of endogenous hnRNP K by direct protein–chemical characterization using phosphate‐affinity electrophoresis followed by immunoblotting and MS. Phosphate‐affinity electrophoresis enabled us to sensitively detect and separate the phosphorylated forms of hnRNP K. When we used 2‐DE with phosphate‐affinity SDS‐PAGE in the second dimension, the nuclear fraction contained more than 20 spots of endogenous hnRNP K on the 2‐D map. We determined that the multiple forms of hnRNP K were produced mainly by alternative splicing of the single hnRNP K gene and phosphorylation of Ser116 and/or Ser284. Furthermore, the subcellular localization of these proteins revealed by the 2‐D gel correlated with their phosphorylation states and alternative splicing patterns. The results also indicated that the multiple forms of hnRNP K were differentially modulated in response to external stimulation with bacterial lipopolysaccharide or serum.
Molecular characterization of a trafficking organelle: Dissecting the axonal paths of calsyntenin‐1 transport vesicles
Authors: Steuble Martin , Gerrits Bertran , Ludwig Alexander , Mateos José María , Diep Tu‐My , Tagaya Mitsuo , Stephan Alexander , Schätzle Philipp , Kunz Beat , Streit Peter , Sonderegger Peter 
Published: September 2010

AbstractKinesin motors play crucial roles in the delivery of membranous cargo to its destination and thus for the establishment and maintenance of cellular polarization. Recently, calsyntenin‐1 was identified as a cargo‐docking protein for Kinesin‐1‐mediated axonal transport of tubulovesicular organelles along axons of central nervous system neurons. To further define the function of calsyntenin‐1, we immunoisolated calsyntenin‐1 organelles from murine brain homogenates and determined their proteome by MS. We found that calsyntenin‐1 organelles are endowed with components of the endosomal trafficking machinery and contained the β‐amyloid precursor protein (APP). Detailed biochemical analyses of calsyntenin‐1 immunoisolates in conjunction with immunocytochemical colocalization studies with cultured hippocampal neurons, using endosomal marker proteins for distinct subcompartments of the endosomal pathways, indicated that neuronal axons contain at least two distinct, nonoverlapping calsyntenin‐1‐containing transport packages: one characterized as early‐endosomal, APP positive, the other as recycling‐endosomal, APP negative. We postulate that calsyntenin‐1 acts as a general mediator of anterograde axonal transportation of endosomal vesicles. In this role, calsyntenin‐1 may actively contribute to axonal growth and pathfinding in the developing as well as to the maintenance of neuronal polarity in the adult nervous system; further, it may actively contribute to the stabilization of APP during its anterograde axonal trajectory.
Computational studies of colicin insertion into membranes: The closed state
Authors: Prieto Lidia , Lazaridis Themis 
Published: September 2010

AbstractColicins are water‐soluble toxins that, upon interaction with membranes, undergo a conformational change, insert, and form pores in them. Pore formation activity is localized in a bundle of 10 α‐helices named the pore‐forming domain (PFD). There is evidence that colicins attach to the membrane via a hydrophobic hairpin embedded in the core of the PFD. Two main models have been suggested for the membrane‐bound state: penknife and umbrella, differing in regard to the orientation of the hydrophobic hairpin with respect to the membrane. The arrangement of the amphipathic helices has been described as either a compact three‐dimensional structure or a two‐dimensional array of loosely interacting helices on the membrane surface. Using molecular dynamics simulations with an implicit membrane model, we studied the structure and stability of the conformations proposed earlier for four colicins. We find that colicins are initially driven towards the membrane by electrostatic interactions between basic residues and the negatively charged membrane surface. They do not have a unique binding orientation, but in the predominant orientations the central hydrophobic hairpin is parallel to the membrane. In the inserted state, the estimated free energy tends to be lower for the compact arrangements of the amphipathic helix, but the more expanded ones are in better agreement with experimental distance distributions. The difference in energy between penknife and umbrella conformations is small enough for equilibrium to exist between them. Elongation of the hydrophobic hairpin helices and membrane thinning were found unable to produce stabilization of the transmembrane configuration of the hydrophobic hairpin. Proteins 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A computational tool for identifying minimotifs in protein–protein interactions and improving the accuracy of minimotif predictions
Authors: Rajasekaran Sanguthevar , Merlin Jerlin Camilus , Kundeti Vamsi , Mi Tian , Oommen Aaron , Vyas Jay , Alaniz Izua , Chung Keith , Chowdhury Farah , Deverasatty Sandeep , Irvey Tenisha M. , Lacambacal David , Lara Darlene , Panchangam Subhasree , Rathnayake Viraj , Watts Paula , Schiller Martin R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractProtein–protein interactions are important to understanding cell functions; however, our theoretical understanding is limited. There is a general discontinuity between the well‐accepted physical and chemical forces that drive protein–protein interactions and the large collections of identified protein–protein interactions in various databases. Minimotifs are short functional peptide sequences that provide a basis to bridge this gap in knowledge. However, there is no systematic way to study minimotifs in the context of protein–protein interactions or vice versa. Here we have engineered a set of algorithms that can be used to identify minimotifs in known protein–protein interactions and implemented this for use by scientists in Minimotif Miner. By globally testing these algorithms on verified data and on 100 individual proteins as test cases, we demonstrate the utility of these new computation tools. This tool also can be used to reduce false‐positive predictions in the discovery of novel minimotifs. The statistical significance of these algorithms is demonstrated by an ROC analysis (P = 0.001). Proteins 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intanza: first vaccine given intradermally for influenza
Authors: Chaplin Steve , Donati Matthew 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIntanza is the first seasonal flu vaccine given by intradermal injection and offers an improved immune response in older people. In our New products review Steve Chaplin presents the clinical data relating to its efficacy and side‐effects compared with intramuscular flu vaccines, and Dr Matthew Donati discusses its place in flu vaccination.
Managing the high cost of newer oral agents in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Gadsby Roger , Patel Vinod , Riley Andrew 
Published: September 2010

AbstractOver recent years there has been a significant number of new drugs launched for the management of diabetes. While this is good news for patients with the condition it has the potential to put significant pressure on the drugs bill. In this Expert Panel Discussion the participants discuss the rising cost of diabetes management and the impact of new drugs. In particular they discuss the NICE estimates for the cost of implementation of recent guidance on use of new drugs and how this guidance can be implemented most cost‐effectively.
Fullerene‐induced magnetization training effect in single molecular magnet
Authors: Makarova Tatiana L. , Zagaynova Valeria S. , Spitsina Natalia G. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractFullerene‐containing complexes of Mn12‐based single molecular magnets have been studied. It is confirmed that fullerenes have strong influence on the relaxation processes inside single molecular magnets. Notably, the hysteresis curves are found not to return to the initial point after 1 T to −1 T to1 T measurement cycle, but the magnetization progressively increases with each cycle. The effect is reproducible, and we call it “magnetization training” drawing an analogy with the “magnetic training” in exchange‐biased multilayers, but emphasizing that magnetization rather than coercivity is trained in our system. The effect is presumably due to magnetic ordering linked to orientational ordering of incorporated C60 molecules in magnetic field.magnified image
Al‐doped ZnO nanofilms: Synthesis and characterization
Authors: Huczko A. , Dąbrowska A. , Madhup D. K. , Subedi D. P. , Chimouriya S. P. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAl‐doped and un‐doped ZnO nanofilms on quartz substrate were obtained by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis of salt solutions (mole concentration of Al within 0–10%). The films were characterized by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and UV spectroscopy to study the morphology and optical properties. The optical studies showed that the increase in Al within ZnO thin layer increases its band gap energy. The obtained value of band gap energy is very close to the determined oscillation energy. However, the dispersion energy is nearly half of band gap energy value.
Encapsulation of electrical contacts for suspended single‐walled carbon nanotubes by atomic layer deposition
Authors: Muoth Matthias , Lee Shih‐Wei , Chikkadi Kiran , Mattmann Moritz , Helbling Thomas , Intlekofer Alexander , Hierold Christofer 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe show encapsulation of electrical contacts to freestanding single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) by selective nucleation of Al2O3 from atomic layer deposition (ALD). Passivating electrical contacts is often required to prevent degradation of devices, and for chemical sensing it can separate sensing mechanisms either dedicated to metal contact regions or to SWNT channels. As ALD Al2O3 does not grow on defect‐free SWNTs, Al2O3 is selectively deposited on contacts to suspended SWNTs. TEM imaging on micromachined structures enables to investigate the mask‐less fabricated encapsulation.magnified image
Surface selective nucleation of Al2O3 during ALD encapsulates electrical contacts to suspended SWNTs while leaving pristine sections unaffected.
Evolution of the Raman intensity and the transport properties of SWNTs in various electrochemical doping stages – Exciton effects and functionalization‐induced DOS changes
Authors: Rafailov Peter M. , Monev Milko , Bretzler Rita , Evtimova Svetla , Arnaudov Boris , Thomsen Christian , Dettlaff‐Weglikowska Urszula , Roth Siegmar 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe monitored the full sequence of electrochemical doping of a single‐walled carbon nanotube‐bundle sample (mean tube diameter 1.35 nm) in a NH4Cl solution from double‐layer charging to intercalation and functionalization with Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transport measurements. The different doping dependences of the Raman intensity of metallic and semiconducting tubes are explained with the excitonic nature of the Raman effect in SWNTs. Temperature‐dependent conductivity measurements indicate a decreasing metallicity of the sample in the non‐covalent functionalization region where the conductivity still increases with doping level. We attribute this phenomenon to changes in the density of states of metallic SWNTs.
Interaction of NH3 with the reduced surface of graphite fluoride C2F
Authors: Okotrub A. V. , Babin K. S. , Gusel'nikov A. V. , Asanov I. P. , Bulusheva L. G. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA treatment of graphite fluoride C2F with hydrazine vapor resulted in development of conductive surface layer. Exposure of the reduced C2F sample to gaseous NH3 (∼5% in ambient air) was shown to lead to rapid increase in layer resistance. Relative change of resistance averaged over three cycles is ∼14%. Only air purging at room temperature is required to recover the sensor. Quantum chemical calculations showed that NH3 molecules should interact more readily with partially fluorinated graphitic layer than with graphene.magnified image
Side view of NH3 molecule on the top of reduced surface of fluorinated graphene.
Investigation of the Jahn–Teller effect in the ${\rm C}_{60}^{{-} } $ monoanion under high pressure
Authors: Francis E. A. , Scharinger S. , Németh K. , Kamarás K. , Kuntscher C. A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe report the Jahn–Teller (JT) dynamics of the ${\rm C}_{60}^{{-} } $ monoanion under pressure in (Ph4P)2IC60. (Ph4P)2IC60 was synthesized by electrochemical crystallization and investigated by infrared transmission measurements up to 5 GPa. The behavior of two T1u vibrational modes of ${\rm C}_{60}^{{-} } $, which exhibit signatures of the dynamic JT effect at ambient conditions, was followed under pressure. The pressure‐induced transition from the dynamic to the static JT state was observed at ∼2 GPa. Due to symmetry lowering related to the dynamic JT effect, the G1u mode is activated and shows a splitting at the pressure‐induced dynamic‐to‐static JT distortion.
Thin films of block copolymer supramolecular assemblies: Microphase separation and nanofabrication
Authors: Böhme Marcus , Kuila Biplab , Schlörb Heike , Nandan Bhanu , Stamm Manfred 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBlock copolymer (BCP) thin films have received enormous interest for possible applications in nanotechnology due to their self‐assembled structure formation. However, synthesis of polymers with desired chemical and physical properties sometimes is not possible. During the past 6 years, our group developed a method to introduce certain functionality into self‐assembled structures via the formation of supramolecular assemblies from BCPs and low molecular weight additives. Among several other materials, the most noteworthy is a system consisting of polystyrene‐block‐poly(4‐vinylpyridine) and 2‐(4′‐hydroxybenzeneazo) benzoic acid which has been used as nanotemplate for the fabrication of materials with potentially exceptional electrical, optical, or magnetic properties. The present article summarizes the research done at our group on fundamental aspects of microphase separation in these supramolecular assemblies and also their further use as templates for nanofabrication.
Ab initio study of structural, electronic, elastic, and phonon properties of ScN and ScP at ambient and high pressure
Authors: Pandit Premlata , Rakshit Bipul , Sanyal Sankar P. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe structural, electronic, and elastic properties of ScN and ScP in NaCl (B1 phase) and CsCl (B2 phase) structures and the phonon dispersion at ambient and high pressure, close to phase transition, have been investigated by using first‐principles pseudopotential method in the framework of density functional theory with the generalized gradient approximation. It is found that both compounds are stable in B1 phase at ambient pressure and undergo a structural phase transition to B2 phase at 368.76 and 247.56 GPa, respectively. ScN is a semiconductor and ScP is semimetallic at ambient pressure (B1 phase), whereas both the compounds are metallic at high pressure (B2 phase). The calculated lattice parameter (a), bulk modulus (B), and their first‐order pressure derivative (B′) are in good agreement with previous calculations. The elastic constants (C11, C12, and C44) have been calculated in both phases. We also report the phonon structure of these compounds at ambient and close to the phase‐transition pressure and compared among themselves. It is shown that their phonon structures are consistent with electronic properties at ambient and high pressures. Near B1–B2 transition, the LA mode at X‐point softens considerably leading to structural instability.
The potential use of Echinacea in acne: control of Propionibacterium acnes growth and inflammation
Authors: Sharma M. , Schoop R. , Suter A. , Hudson J. B. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAcne is a chronic inflammatory disorder of skin follicles caused by the gram‐positive bacterium Propionibacterium acnes. The possibility was investigated that a standardized preparation of Echinacea purpurea (Echinaforce®), with known antiviral, antiinflammatory and antibacterial properties, might provide a useful alternative treatment in the control of the disease. The herbal extract readily killed a standard laboratory strain of the bacterium and several clinical isolates. In cell culture models of human bronchial epithelial cells and skin fibroblasts, P. acne induced the secretion of substantial amounts of several pro‐inflammatory cytokines, including IL‐6 and IL‐8 (CXCL8), as determined by means of cytokine–antibody arrays. However, the E. purpurea completely reversed this effect and brought the cytokine levels back to normal. Thus Echinaforce® could provide a safe two‐fold benefit to acne individuals by inhibiting proliferation of the organism and reversing the bacterial‐induced inflammation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antioxidant and anticholinesterase constituents from the petroleum ether and chloroform extracts of Iris suaveolens
Authors: Hacıbekiroğlu Işıl , Kolak Ufuk 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the phytochemical, antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of Iris suaveolens. After determining total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol extracts prepared from the rhizomes, the antioxidant capacity of the extracts was established using β‐carotene–linoleic acid and CUPRAC methods. The chloroform extract which was rich in phenolic content exhibited the highest inhibition of lipid peroxidation in the β‐carotene–linoleic acid system, and the best cupric reducing antioxidant capacity among the tested extracts. The petroleum ether extract indicated moderate anticholinesterase activity while the chloroform extract revealed significant butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity (75.03 ± 1.29%). Spectroscopic methods were used for the structural elucidation of the compounds (1–13) isolated from the petroleum ether and chloroform extracts. Coniferaldehyde (6), having the highest antioxidant activity in the β‐carotene–linoleic acid assay at 25 and 50 µg/mL, demonstrated also the best effect in the CUPRAC method among the tested compounds (1–12). 3‐Hydroxyirisquinone (10) showed the best anticholinesterase activity among the tested compounds (1–4, 6–12), and coniferaldehyde exhibited almost the same butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity (82.60 ± 2.33%) as galantamine (86.26 ± 0.66%). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.