bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glucarpidase, Leucovorin, and Thymidine for High-Dose Methotrexate-Induced Renal Dysfunction: Clinical and Pharmacologic Factors Affecting Outcome
Authors: Widemann Brigitte C. , Balis Frank M. , Kim AeRang , Boron Matthew , Jayaprakash Nalini , Shalabi Aiman , O'Brien Michelle , Eby Michelle , Cole Diane E. , Murphy Robert F. , Fox Elizabeth , Ivy Percy , Adamson Peter C. 
Published: August 2010

PurposeTo assess the role of the recombinant bacterial enzyme, glucarpidase (carboxypeptidase-G2), leucovorin, and thymidine in the management and outcome of patients with high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) –induced nephrotoxicity.MethodsPatients with HDMTX-induced nephrotoxicity received one to three doses of intravenous (IV) glucarpidase and leucovorin rescue. The initial cohort (n = 35) also received thymidine by continuous IV infusion. Subsequently, thymidine was restricted to patients with prolonged exposure (> 96 hours) to methotrexate (MTX) or with substantial MTX toxicity at study entry. Plasma MTX, leucovorin, and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-mTHF) concentrations were measured pre- and postglucarpidase. Toxicities were monitored, and logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship of baseline characteristics to the development of severe toxicity and death.ResultsGlucarpidase was administered at a median of 96 hours (receiving thymidine, n = 44) and 66 hours (not receiving thymidine, n = 56) after the start of the MTX infusion. Plasma MTX concentrations decreased within 15 minutes of glucarpidase by 98.7%. Plasma 5-mTHF concentrations also decreased more than 98% after administration of glucarpidase. Of 12 deaths, six were directly attributed to irreversible MTX toxicity. Presence of grade 4 toxicity before administration of glucarpidase, inadequate initial increase in leucovorin dosing, and administration of glucarpidase more than 96 hours after the start of the MTX infusion were associated with development of grade 4 and 5 toxicity.ConclusionEarly intervention with the combination of leucovorin and glucarpidase is highly effective in patients who develop HDMTX-induced renal dysfunction. Severe toxicity and mortality occurred in patients in whom glucarpidase rescue was delayed and occurred despite thymidine administration.
Patient-Reported Outcomes in Sentinel Node–Negative Adjuvant Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Sentinel-Node Biopsy or Axillary Dissection: National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Phase III Protocol B-32
Authors: Land Stephanie R. , Kopec Jacek A. , Julian Thomas B. , Brown Ann M. , Anderson Stewart J. , Krag David N. , Christian Nicholas J. , Costantino Joseph P. , Wolmark Norman , Ganz Patricia A. 
Published: August 2010

Purpose Sentinel lymph node resection (SNR) may reduce morbidity while providing the same clinical utility as conventional axillary dissection (AD). National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) B-32 is a randomized phase III trial comparing SNR immediately followed by AD (SNAD) to SNR and subsequent AD if SN is positive. We report the definitive patient-reported outcomes (PRO) comparisons. Patients and Methods Eligible patients had clinically node-negative, operable invasive breast cancer. The PRO substudy included all SN-negative participants enrolled May 2001 to February 2004 at community institutions in the United States (n = 749; 78% age ≥ 50; 87% clinical tumor size ≤ 2.0 cm; 84% lumpectomy; 87% white). They completed questionnaires presurgery, 1 and 2 to 3 weeks postoperatively, and every 6 months through year 3. Arm symptoms, arm use avoidance, activity limitations, and quality of life (QOL) were compared with intent-to-treat two-sample t-tests and repeated measures analyses. Results Arm symptoms were significantly more bothersome for SNAD compared with SNR patients at 6 months (mean, 4.8 v 3.0; P < .001) and at 12 months (3.6 v 2.5; P = .006). Longitudinally, SNAD patients were more likely to experience ipsilateral arm and breast symptoms, restricted work and social activity, and impaired QOL (P ≤ .002 all items). From 12 to 36 months, fewer than 15% of either SNAD or SNR patients reported moderate or greater severity of any given symptom or activity limitation. Conclusion Arm morbidity was greater with SNAD than with SNR. Despite considerable fears about complications from AD for breast cancer, this study demonstrates that initial problems with either surgery resolve over time.
Vinblastine in Children and Adolescents With High-Risk Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma: Results of the Randomized ALCL99-Vinblastine Trial
Authors: Le Deley Marie-Cécile , Rosolen Angelo , Williams Denise M. , Horibe Keizo , Wrobel Grazyna , Attarbaschi Andishe , Zsiros Jozsef , Uyttebroeck Anne , Marky Ildiko M. , Lamant Laurence , Woessmann Wilhelm , Pillon Marta , Hobson Rachel , Mauguen Audrey , Reiter Alfred , Brugières Laurence 
Published: August 2010

Purpose The impact of adding vinblastine to a 4-month chemotherapy regimen, based on the Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster 90 protocol, in childhood high-risk anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) was assessed. Patients and Methods Children and adolescents with high-risk ALCL, defined by mediastinal, lung, liver, spleen, or skin involvement, were eligible for the trial. After a prephase and one chemotherapy course, patients were randomly assigned to receive either five further chemotherapy courses without vinblastine or the same regimen with one vinblastine injection (6 mg/m2) during each course followed by weekly vinblastine to complete a total of 1 year of treatment. The primary end point was event-free survival (EFS), analyzed on the intent-to-treat population. Results Between November 1999 and June 2006, 110 patients were randomly assigned to receive vinblastine, and 107 were randomly assigned not to receive vinblastine. Median follow-up was 4.8 years. Patients in the vinblastine arm had a significantly reduced risk of events during the first year (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.31; 95% CI, 0.15 to 0.67; P = .002) followed by an increased risk thereafter (HR = 4.98; 95% CI, 1.65 to 15.0; P = .003). Consequently, EFS at 1 year differed significantly (91% in the vinblastine group v 74% in the no-vinblastine group), with no difference at 2 years (73% and 70%, respectively). Overall EFS curves did not differ significantly (HR = 0.91; 95% CI, 0.55 to 1.5; P = .71). Thirty-one percent of weekly doses of vinblastine were reduced as a result of hematologic toxicity, although vinblastine was discontinued for toxicity in only three patients. Conclusion Adding vinblastine during induction and as maintenance for a total treatment duration of 1 year significantly delayed the occurrence of relapses but did not reduce the risk of failure.
Liquid phase immunoassays utilizing magnetic markers and SQUID magnetometer
Authors: Kuma Hiroyuki , Oyamada Hiroko , Tsukamoto Akira , Mizoguchi Takako , Kandori Akihiko , Sugiura Yoshinori , Yoshinaga Kohji , Enpuku Keiji , Hamasaki Naotaka 
Published: August 2010

Abstract

Background: Immunoassays are one main detection system used in the field of clinical chemistry. Recent developments of a new detection method utilizing a magnetic marker and magnetic sensor have enabled rapid and sensitive immunoassay without the need for bound/free (BF) separation.

Methods: Newly-synthesized conjugated avidin was used as the magnetic marker for quantitative analysis of human interleukin-8 (hIL-8) and immunoglobulin E (hIgE) in several media. A superconducting quantum interference device sensor detected the magnetic fields from markers fixed to antigens by the sandwich method. Magnetic signals from unbound markers were nearly zero due to Brownian rotation.

Results: Our magnetic immunoassay could detect four attomoles of model proteins (hIL-8, hIgE) in phosphate buffer without BF separation. Using our standard curve, the range of protein detected ranged from 40 femtomoles to 4 attomoles, and we observed a strong association between protein amounts and magnetic signals from the bound markers. The homogeneous immunoassay could also quantify three hundred cells from the fungus Candida albicans in phosphate buffer.

Conclusions: The present study demonstrates the ability of magnetic markers for measuring biological targets without BF separation. This detection system has great potential for use as the next generation's analytical system.
Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:1263–9.
Human type 3 5α-reductase is expressed in peripheral tissues at higher levels than types 1 and 2 and its activity is potently inhibited by finasteride and dutasteride
Authors: Yamana Kazutoshi , Labrie Fernand , Luu-The Van 
Published: August 2010

Abstract5α-Reductases are crucial enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of dihydrotestosterone, the most potent natural androgen. To date, three types of 5α-reductases, chronologically named types 1, 2 and 3 5α-reductases (SRD5a-1, 2 and 3) have been described. In the present paper, we characterized the activity and compared the mRNA expression levels of SRD5a-3 with those of SRD5a-1 and 2 in various human tissues, and determined its sensitivity to finasteride and dutasteride. We have established HEK-293 cell line that stably expressed SRD5a-3 for studying its activity and the inhibitory effect of finasteride, using [14C]labeled steroids. mRNA expression levels were quantified using real-time PCR in many male and female human tissues including the prostate, adipose tissue, mammary gland, as well as breast and prostate cancer cell lines. Incubation of HEK-SRD5a-3 cells with [14C]4-androstenedione and [14C]testosterone allowed us to show that SRD5a-3 can catalyze very efficiently both substrates 4-androstenedione and testosterone into 5α-androstanedione and dihydrotestosterone, respectively. We observed that the affinity of the enzyme for 4-androstenedione is higher than for testosterone. The activity of SRD5a-3 and SRD5a-2 are similarly sensitive to finasteride, whereas dutasteride is a much more potent inhibitor of SRD5a-3 than SRD5a-2. Tissue distribution analysis shows that SRD5a-3 mRNA expression levels are higher than those of SRD5a-1 and SRD5a-2 in 20 analyzed tissues. In particular, it is highly expressed in the skin, brain, mammary gland and breast cancer cell lines, thus suggesting that SRD5a-3 could play an important role in the production of androgens in these and other peripheral tissues.
Applications of X-Ray Fluorescence to Confirm Sulfur Impact of Corrosive Drywall
Authors: Hejzlar Zdenek 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
A U.S. building boom that started in the late 1990s and peaked in early to mid 2000s resulted in imports of gypsum board, commonly known as drywall, from foreign sources particularly from China. Some of the homeowners began experiencing problems with homes built during this time. The complaints included sulfur based attack on the copper in the residences. The purpose of the paper is to present data obtained from a copper conductor exposure test designed to evaluate the use of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) in detecting and evaluating the sulfur impact on the exposed copper. In the experiment, small segments of copper were exposed to 45 different samples of drywall and evaluated using the XRF. The results show that the method can detect impacts on copper due to emissions from drywall and distinguish between corrosive and noncorrosive drywalls. The method affords corroborating evidence required by the interim guidance published in January 2010 by the Consumer Product Safety Commission and Department of Housing and Urban Development for homeowners in identifying homes with corrosion from problematic drywall. It also provides corroborating evidence for the Florida Department of Health Case Definition (12-18-09), Criteria 3.3.
Conductivity Study of Some Thiocyanate Salts in Aqueous Binary Mixtures of Tetrahydrofuran and 1,3-Dioxolane at 298.15 K
Authors: Chanda Riju , Roy Mahendra Nath 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Electrical conductance measurements are reported for different thiocyanate salts, viz. ammonium thiocyanate (NH4CNS), sodium thiocyanate (NaCNS) and potassium thiocyanate (KCNS), sodium bromide (NaBr), sodium tetraphenylborate (NaBPh4) and tetrabutylammonium bromide (Bu4NBr) in different mole fraction of water-tetrahydrofuran (THF) and water-1,3-dioxolane (1,3-DXL) binary mixtures at 298.15 K. The conductance data have been analyzed by the Fuoss conductance equation in terms of the limiting molar conductance (Λ0
), the association constant (KA
) and the association diameter (R). The limiting ionic conductances have been estimated from the appropriate division of the limiting molar conductivity value of the “reference electrolyte” Bu4NBPh4. Slight ionic association was found for all these electrolytes in these solvent mixtures. The results have been interpreted in terms of the formation of ion-pairs of ion–solvent interactions and structural changes in the mixed solvents.
Effect of the Addition of In to Co/HMCM-49 Catalyst for the Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO Under Lean-burn Conditions
Authors: Li Fei , Xiao Dehai , Li Jing , Yang Xiangguang 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with propane using bimetals (3Co2Ce, 3Co2Sr, 3Co2Sn and 3Co2In) loaded on HMCM-49 zeolite was studied under lean-burn condition. Only 3Co2In/HMCM-49 exhibited higher deNOx activity in a wide temperature range. The catalysts were characterized by N2-adsoption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature-programmed surface reactions (TPSR) and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) of NO. TPSR and TPD results exhibited that the addition of In inhibited the oxidation ability of Co on 3Co2In/HMCM-49 catalyst, but enhanced NOx adsorption.
The Quest for the Hydroxyl-Peroxy Radical
Authors: Smith Ian W. M. , Le Picard Sébastien D. , Tizniti Meryem , Canosa André , Sims Ian R. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
The hydroxyl-peroxy radical, HO3, has been the subject of numerous theoretical and experimental studies, not least because of its potential importance in atmospheric chemistry. Nevertheless, it has proved difficult to establish its stability: that is, values of D
0(HO-O2), the HO-O2 bond dissociation energy or, equivalently, Δ
fH
o
298(HO3), its standard enthalpy of formation. In this short article, a review is given of the results of experiments and calculations on HO3, culminating in experiments performed at low temperatures (55.9–99.8 K) in a CRESU apparatus, which establish both (i) rate constants for the formation of HO3 in the three-body reaction, OH + O2 + M → HO3 + M, and (ii) equilibrium constants from which values of D0(HO-O2) and Δ
fH
o
298(HO3) can be derived – making use of spectroscopic data for HO3, from which partition functions and standard entropies can be calculated. It is shown that these absolute experimental values for D
0(HO-O2) and Δ
fH
o
298(HO3) are: (i) in agreement with the limiting values determined in experiments by Lester and co-workers, and (ii) in fair agreement with the most recent theoretical results. Furthermore, these thermodynamic data make it clear that only very small fractions of OH will be bound with O2 under the conditions found at all levels of the Earth’s atmosphere.
Studies of the Formation and Growth of Aerosol from Molecular Iodine Precursor
Authors: Saunders R. W. , Kumar R. , Gómez Martín J. C. , Mahajan A. S. , Murray B. J. , Plane J. M. C. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
The formation and growth of iodine oxide particles (IOPs), originating from molecular iodine precursor, has been studied at room temperature as a function of water vapour, and sulphuric and oxalic acid vapours. A linear variation in total IOP mass was observed over a wide range of iodine atom production rates under both dry and humid formation conditions. Particle formation was also observed in the absence of ozone, and was found to be temperature sensitive, with elevated temperatures resulting in reduced particle number and mass. Electronic structure calculations are used to show that particle formation is initiated by polymerization of I2O4 with I2O3, or with itself. Formation of IOPs in humid conditions results in lower numbers and smaller particles than formed in the absence of water vapour, because H2O forms relatively stable complexes with molecules such as I2O3 and I2O4, inhibiting their polymerization. Addition of H2O to particles formed under dry conditions shows the collapse of fractal-like, aggregate particle structures. The uptake of sulphuric acid vapour onto humidified particles was studied over a wide range of relative humidity (RH) at room temperature, with the calculated accommodation coefficient (α) for this process increasing with RH to a value of 0.75±0.05 at RH = 90%. In contrast, growth of particles exposed to oxalic acid vapour was not observed on the experimental timescales employed, indicating an upper limit for α of 10−3.
Aqueous Phase Reactivity of Nitrate Radicals (NO3) Toward Dicarboxylic Acids
Authors: de Sémainville Ph. G. , D Anna B. , George Ch. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Laser photolysis technique was used to study the reactivity of nitrate radical towards four dicarboxylic acids. The temperature dependence of the reactions was investigated in the range from 278K to 318K. The effect of the acid-base equilibrium was examined by measuring the activation parameters of the dissociated and undissociated acids at different pH. For droplets or aerosols under moderate acidic conditions, the charge exchange reaction at the carboxylate group might compete with the oxidation by the hydroxyl radical. On liquid particles enriched in nitrate (such as a deliquescent ammonium nitrate), the lifetime of carboxylic groups towards the NO3 radical may be as short as few hours (or less).
Sex Peptide Is Required for the Efficient Release of Stored Sperm in Mated Drosophila Females
Authors: Avila Frank W , Ravi Ram K , Bloch Qazi Margaret C , Wolfner Mariana F 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
The Drosophila seminal fluid protein (SFP) sex peptide (SP) elicits numerous post-mating responses, including increased egg laying and decreased sexual receptivity, in the mated female. Unlike other SFPs, which are detectable in mated females for only a few hours post mating, SP is maintained—and its effects are sustained—for several days. The persistence of SP in the mated female's reproductive tract is thought to be a consequence of its binding to, and gradual release from, sperm in storage, which maintains SP's ability to act within the female reproductive tract. Recent studies have shown that several other SFPs, acting in a network, are needed for SP's localization to sperm and are necessary for the efficient release of sperm from storage. This result suggested an additional new role for SP modulating the release of sperm from storage. We tested for this possibility by examining sperm storage parameters in mated females that did not receive SP. We found that while sperm accumulation into storage was unaffected, sperm depletion from storage sites was significantly decreased (or impaired) in the absence of SP. Mates of males expressing a modified SP that is unable to be released from sperm showed a similar phenotype, indicating that release of sperm-bound SP is a necessary component of normal sperm depletion. Additionally, SP null males were more successful in a sperm competitive environment when they were first to mate, which is likely a consequence of higher retention of their sperm due to defective sperm release. Our findings illustrate a direct role for SP in the release of sperm from storage.
International Variations in Harsh Child Discipline
Authors: Runyan Desmond K. , Shankar Viswanathan , Hassan Fatma , Hunter Wanda M. , Jain Dipty , Paula Cristiane S. , Bangdiwala Shrikant I. , Ramiro Laurie S. , Muñoz Sergio R. , Vizcarra Beatriz , Bordin Isabel A. 
Published: August 2010

BACKGROUND:
Although the history of recognition of child abuse in Europe and North America extends over 40 years, recognition and data are lacking in other parts of the world. Cultural differences in child-rearing complicate cross-cultural studies of abuse.

OBJECTIVE:
To ascertain rates of harsh and less-harsh parenting behavior in population-based samples.

METHODS:
We used parallel surveys of parental discipline of children in samples of mothers in Brazil, Chile, Egypt, India, Philippines, and the United States. Data were collected between 1998 and 2003. The instrument used was a modification of the Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scale, along with a study-developed survey of demographic characteristics and other parent and child variables. Women (N = 14 239) from 19 communities in 6 countries were surveyed. We interviewed mothers aged 15 to 49 years (18–49 years in the United States) who had a child younger than 18 years in her home. Sample selection involved either random sampling or systematic sampling within randomly selected blocks or neighborhoods.

RESULTS:
Nearly all parents used nonviolent discipline and verbal or psychological punishment. Physical punishment was used in at least 55% of the families. Spanking rates (with open hand on buttocks) ranged from a low of 15% in an educated community in India to a high of 76% in a Philippine community. Similarly, there was a wide range in the rates of children who were hit with objects (9%–74% [median: 39%]) or beaten by their parents (0.1%–28.5%). Extremely harsh methods of physical punishment, such as burning or smothering, were rare in all countries. It is concerning that ≥20% of parents in 9 communities admitted shaking children younger than 2 years.

CONCLUSIONS:
Physical and verbal punishments of children are common in high-, middle-, and low-income communities around the world. The forms and rates of punishment vary among countries and among communities within countries. A median of 16% of children experienced harsh or potentially abusive physical discipline in the previous year.
Household Cleaning Product-Related Injuries Treated in US Emergency Departments in 1990–2006
Authors: McKenzie Lara B. , Ahir Nisha , Stolz Uwe , Nelson Nicolas G. 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE:The goal was to examine comprehensively the patterns and trends of household cleaning product-related injuries among children treated in US emergency departments.METHODS:Through use of the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System database, cases of unintentional, nonfatal, household cleaning product-related injuries were selected by using product codes for drain cleaners, ammonia, metal polishes/tarnish removers, turpentine, dishwasher detergents, acids, swimming pool chemicals, oven cleaners, pine oil cleaners/disinfectants, laundry soaps/detergents, toilet bowl products, abrasive cleaners, general-purpose household cleaners, noncosmetic bleaches, windshield wiper fluids, caustic agents, lye, wallpaper cleaners, room deodorizers/fresheners, spot removers, and dishwashing liquids. Products were categorized according to major toxic ingredients, mode of action, and exposure.RESULTS:An estimated 267 269 children ≤5 years of age were treated in US emergency departments for household cleaning product-related injuries. The number of injuries attributable to household cleaning product exposure decreased 46.0% from 22 141 in 1990 to 11 964 in 2006. The product most-commonly associated with injury was bleach (37.1%). Children 1 to 3 years of age accounted for 72.0% of cases. The primary mechanism of injury was ingestion (62.7%). The most common source or container was spray-bottles (40.1%). Although rates of household cleaner-related injuries from regular bottles or original containers and kitchenware decreased during the study period, spray-bottle injury rates showed no decrease.CONCLUSION:Although national rates of household cleaning product-related injuries in children decreased significantly over time, the number of injuries remains high.