bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated with Willingness to Respond to a Disaster: A Study of Healthcare Workers in a Tertiary Setting
Authors: Burke Rita V. , Goodhue Catherine J. , Chokshi Nikunj K. , Upperman Jeffrey S. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIntroduction: Due to recent disasters, disaster planners increasingly are focusing on healthcare worker preparedness and response in the event of a disaster. In this study, factors associated with pediatric healthcare workers’ willingness to respond are identified.Hypothesis: It was hypothesized that personal factors may affect a pediatric healthcare worker’s willingness to respond to work in the event of a disaster.Methods: Employees of a tertiary, pediatric care hospital in Los Angeles were asked to complete a brief, 24-question online survey to determine their willingness to respond in the event of a disaster. Information on demographics, employment, disaster-related training, personal preparedness, and necessary resources was collected. A logistic regression model was performed to derive adjusted odds ratios (OR) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).Results: Eight hundred seventy-seven pediatric healthcare employees completed the survey (22% response rate). Almost 50% (n = 318) expressed willingness to respond in the event of a disaster. Men were more likely to be willing to respond to a disaster than were women (OR = 2.4; 95%CI = 1.6–3.6), and single/divorced/widowed employees were more willing to respond than married or partnered employees (OR = 1.5; 95%CI = 1.1–2.1). An inverse relationship was observed between number of dependents and willingness to respond (OR = 0.45; 95%CI = 0.25–0.80, ≥3 dependents compared to 0). An inverse dose response relationship between commuting distance and number of necessary resources (ptrend = 0.0485 and 0.0001, respectively) was observed. There was no association between previous disaster experience, disaster training, or personal preparedness and willingness to respond.Conclusions: Number of dependents and resources were major factors in willingness to respond. Healthcare facilities must clearly communicate their disaster plans as well as any provisions they may make for their employees’ families in order to improve willingness among hospital employees.
Consumption of energy-dense diets in relation to cardiometabolic abnormalities among Iranian women
Authors: Esmaillzadeh Ahmad , Khosravi Boroujeni Hossein , Azadbakht Leila 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the association between dietary energy density and the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors among Iranian adult women.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingTehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.SubjectsWe assessed habitual dietary intakes of 486 Iranian adult women by the use of a validated FFQ. Dietary energy density (DED) was calculated as each individual's reported daily energy intake (kJ/d, kcal/d) divided by the total weight of foods (excluding beverages) consumed (g/d). Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), lipid profiles and blood pressure were measured. Diabetes (FPG ≥ 126 mg/dl), dyslipidaemia (based on the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III) and hypertension (based on the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure) were determined. The presence of ‘at least one risk factor’ and ‘at least two risk factors’ of the three major risk factors for CVD (hypertension, dyslipidaemia and diabetes) was also evaluated. To explore the associations between DED and cardiometabolic risk factors, we obtained prevalence ratios in different models accounting for confounders.ResultsMean DED was 7·41 (sd1·46) kJ/g (1·77 (sd0·35) kcal/g). Consumption of energy-dense diets was associated with higher intakes of energy, dietary fat, cholesterol, vegetable oils, refined grains and high-fat dairy products, along with lower intakes of dietary carbohydrates, fruits, vegetables, and meat and fish. Adherence to an energy-dense diet was associated with elevated levels of serum TAG, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol and lower levels of serum HDL cholesterol. Women in the top quartile of DED were more likely to have dyslipidaemia (61 %v. 31 %,P< 0·05), at least one (68 %v. 35 %,P< 0·05) and at least two (29 %v. 10 %,P< 0·05) cardiometabolic risk factors compared with those in the bottom quartile. Consumption of energy-dense diets was significantly associated with a greater chance of having dyslipidaemia (prevalence ratio in top quartilev. bottom quartile: 1·78; 95 % CI 1·33, 2·58), at least one (1·81; 1·44, 2·49) and at least two cardiometabolic risk factors (2·81; 1·51, 5·24). Additional control for BMI and total energy intake slightly attenuated the associations. No overall significant associations were found between consumption of energy-dense diets and risk of having diabetes or hypertension either before or after adjustment for confounders.ConclusionsConsumption of energy-dense diets was significantly related to the high prevalence of dyslipidaemia, at least one and at least two cardiometabolic risk factors among Iranian adult women. Prospective studies are required to confirm our findings.
Healthcare Personnel Perceptions of Hand Hygiene Monitoring Technology
Authors: Ellingson Katherine , Polgreen Philip M. , Schneider Amy , Shinkunas Laura , Kaldjian Lauris C. , Wright Donald , Thomas Geb W. , Segre Alberto M. , Herman Ted , McDonald L. Clifford , Sinkowitz-Cochran Ronda 
Published: October 2011

Objective.To assess healthcare personnel (HCP) perceptions regarding implementation of sensor-based electronic systems for automated hand hygiene adherence monitoring.Design.Using a mixed-methods approach, structured focus groups were designed to elicit quantitative and qualitative responses on familiarity, comfort level, and perceived impact of sensor-based hand hygiene adherence monitoringSetting.A university hospital, a Veterans Affairs hospital, and a community hospital in the Midwest.Participants.Focus groups were homogenous by HCP type, with separate groups held for leadership, midlevel management, and frontline personnel at each hospital.Results.Overall, 89 HCP participated in 10 focus groups. Levels of familiarity and comfort with electronic oversight technology varied by HCP type; when compared with frontline HCP, those in leadership positions were significantly more familiar with (P<.01) and more comfortable with (P<.01) the technology. The most common concerns cited by participants across groups included lack of accuracy in the data produced, such as the inability of the technology to assess the situational context of hand hygiene opportunities, and the potential punitive use of data produced. Across groups, HCP had decreased tolerance for electronic collection of spatial-temporal data, describing such oversight as Big Brother.Conclusions.While substantial concerns were expressed by all types of HCP, participants' recommendations for effective implementation of electronic oversight technologies for hand hygiene monitoring included addressing accuracy issues before implementation and transparent communication with frontline HCP about the intended use of the data.
Randomized Comparison of 2 Protocols to Prevent Acquisition of Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureus: Results of a 2-Center Study Involving 500 Patients
Authors: Camus Christophe , Bellissant Eric , Legras Annick , Renault Alain , Gacouin Arnaud , Lavoué Sylvain , Branger Bernard , Donnio Pierre-Yves , Corre Pascal le , Tulzo Yves Le , Perrotin Dominique , Thomas Rémi 
Published: October 2011

Objective.To compare an interventional protocol with a standard protocol for preventing the acquisition of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) in the intensive care unit (ICU).Design.Prospective, randomized, controlled, parallel-group, nonblinded clinical trial.Setting.Medical ICUs of 2 French university hospitals.Participants.Five hundred adults with an expected length of stay in the ICU greater than 48 hours.Interventions.For the intervention group, the protocol required repeated MRSA screening, contact and droplet isolation precautions for patients at risk for MRSA at ICU admission and for MRSA-positive patients, and decontamination with nasal mupirocin and chlorhexidine body wash for MRSA-positive patients. For the standard group, the standard precautions protocol was used, and the results of repeated MRSA screening in the standard group were not communicated to investigators.Main Outcome Measure.MRSA acquisition rate in the ICU. An audit was conducted to assess compliance with hygiene and isolation precautions.Results.In the intent-to-treat analysis (n= 488), the MRSA acquisition rate in the ICU was similar in the standard (13 [5.3%] of 243) and intervention (16 [6.5%] of 245) groups (P=.58). The audit showed that the overall compliance rate was 85.5% in the standard group and 84.1% in the intervention group (P=.63), although compliance was higher when isolation precautions were absent than when they were in place (88.2% vs 79.1%;P<.001). MRSA incidence rates were higher without isolation precautions (7.57‰) than with isolation precautions (2.36‰;P=.01).Conclusions.Individual allocation to MRSA screening, isolation precautions, and decontamination do not provide individual benefit in reducing MRSA acquisition, compared with standard precautions, although the collective risk was lower during the periods of isolation.Trial Registration.Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00151606.
Risk of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Transmission in the Dental Healthcare Setting: A Narrative Review
Authors: Petti Stefano , Polimeni Antonella 
Published: October 2011

Objective.Information on the risk of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection transmission in dental healthcare settings was incomplete only few years ago; therefore, MRSA infection control guidelines were necessarily based on data extrapolated from other fields. Recently, publication of specific studies have made it possible to review such risk.Methods.Studies of MRSA infection in dentistry were searched for using EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Google and were allocated into the following sections: (1) direct evidence: documented cases of MRSA transmission in dentistry; (2) indirect evidence: carriage rates among dental healthcare providers (DHCPs) and patients (high carriage rates suggest that transmission is likely); (3) speculative evidence: MRSA occurrence in the dental environment (high environmental contamination probably increases the risk of infection); and (4) speculative evidence: MRSA carriage in human dental plaque and saliva (oral carriers may spread MRSA in the environment during dental therapy, with consequent environmental contamination and probable increased risk of infection).Results.Our findings were as follows. First, transmission has been ascertained during surgical interventions, particularly in surgical units and among head and neck cancer patients. Second, carriage rates among DHCPs were lower than those among other healthcare workers. Carriage rates among adult patients were low, whereas among pedodontic and special care patients rates were higher than those in the general population. Third, MRSA has been detected in the environment of emergency and surgical units and in dental hospitals. Some individuals in poor general condition were oral MRSA carriers.Conclusions.The occupational risk of MRSA infection among DHCPs is minimal. Among special patients (eg, special care, hospitalized and cancer patients) the risk of infection is high, whereas among the remaining patients undergoing conventional therapy such risk is probably low.
Basic hypergeometric functions and orthogonal Laurent polynomials
Authors: Costa Marisa , Godoy Eduardo , Lamblém Regina , Ranga A. 
Published: October 2011

A three-complex-parameter class of orthogonal Laurent polynomials on the unit circle associated with basic hypergeometric or

q
q

-hypergeometric functions is considered. To be precise, we consider the orthogonality properties of the sequence of polynomials

{

2

Φ
1

(

q

−
n

,

q

b
+
1

;

q

−
c
+
b
−
n

;
q
,

q

−
c
+
d
−
1

z
)

}

n
=
0

∞

\{\,_2\Phi _1(q^{-n},q^{b+1};q^{-c+b-n}; q, q^{-c+d-1}z)\}_{n=0}^{\infty }

, where

0
>
q
>
1

0 > q > 1

and the complex parameters

b
b

,

c
c

and

d
d

are such that

b
≠
−
1
,
−
2
,
…

b \neq -1, -2, \ldots

,

c
−
b
+
1
≠
−
1
,
−
2
,
…

c-b+1 \neq -1, -2, \ldots

,

R

e
(
d
)
>
0

\mathcal {R}e(d) > 0

and

R

e
(
c
−
d
+
2
)
>
0

\mathcal {R}e(c-d+2) > 0

. Explicit expressions for the recurrence coefficients, moments, orthogonality and also asymptotic properties are given. By a special choice of the parameters, results regarding a class of Szegő polynomials are also derived.
Super-Job
Authors: Zuckerman Bruce 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The chapter deviates from the world of biblical scholarship and turns to a story from Yiddish literature. The chapter discusses a figure created in the image of Job—Y. L. Perets’ “Bontsye Shvayg” also known as Bontsye the Silent. Perets tries to make implications by placing Joban themes in the background of his tale so readers will see the connection between two characters. There is a huge difference between the two though because Job was once rich with family, friends, and honor while Bontsye suffers silently with virtually no respite from the time he was born until he dies. Even though he is far more unfortunate than Job, he has never complained making him “Super-Job.” Perets aim to present that suffering is an ordinary phenomenon but what makes Bontsye exceptional was that he suffered in silence. It is also interesting to read about the incident when Bontsye was faced with the Presiding Judge and the implications of what he asked for in exchange for all the suffering he endured, revealing his true nature and the true meaning of his silence. The chapter explains Perets anger to the Jewish society who thinks that a noble silence is the only pious response to the afflictions the community endures.
Barriers to Interpretation and the “Bontsye-Model”
Authors: Zuckerman Bruce 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
To understand better the dynamics of their development, contrapuntal interpretations of traditional literary works cannot be separated from historical and cultural environments. When a turn is made from the modern history of Bontsye back to the ancient history of the book of Job there are various problems. The problems identified are: the lack of firm criteria to associate any part of the poetic sections of the book of Job; unclear meaning of the “Poem of Job”; pressing concern whether the original Poem has suffered any deletions, and lastly, the lack of ability to analyze the structure of Job considering its original unusual dialect. The discussions of problems easily lead to an array of potential additions and subtractions to the original “Poem of Job.” R. H. Pfeiffer, based on the “Edomite theory”, suggested that the Poem of Job was a literary product of the school of Wisdom centered in Edom, making its language more of Edomite rather than Hebrew. A philologist named N. H. Tur-Sinai, on the other hand, believed that Job was originally written in Arabic. All these confusions with the original written language of Job pose a potentially serious problem. The best solution so far is playing Job against Bontsye. The Bontsye-model allows one to read the score of ancient biblical composition found in the more modern Yiddish interpretations. Pitting Job in terms of the Bontsye-model allows a better insight not only on the book of Job but also how they are connected with one another.
The Art of Parody: The Death Theme
Authors: Zuckerman Bruce 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The chapter believes that Job is the most death-oriented book in the Bible making Job one of the most basic resources, with regard to death in the Ancient Near East. The poet of Job was able to use the theme of death conventionally but with a further purpose or serving parodistic ends. Joban depicts death as a place where all mortals eventually go (Sheol, “There”) or, simply put, the ultimate ending to mortals. In Job’s lament, the poet’s use of the death-motif showed a slight variation from the norm when not only Job wishes that he is at death’s door but that he might as well be already dead. In this point, Job is seen parallel to Jeremiah’s desires which proves that a sufferer so driven in despair feels moved to repudiate his very existence. The poet wants readers to see how things are not meshing together conventionally as Job wants to affirm his innocence and demand justice by asking to be dead. On the other hand, Job requests God for protection from the wrathful Deity who is the same God. Being popular endeavor for rulers in Ancient Near East, Job also wanted to make a stone inscription, leaving a memorial of how his Redeemer saved him through his resurrection. Nowadays, the resurrection in Job can be considered as his words of hope that endures all men who follow his path towards oblivion.
Intervening Themes
Authors: Zuckerman Bruce 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
As time continues, the book of Job has been under many editorial hands and some have gone beyond changing the text itself, thus these are referred to as editorial interventions. It is necessary to note though that regardless of how the texts were modified, the changes did materially alter and soften the Job in the “Poem,” making his pronouncements jive with the traditional view. Large modifications of Job occured in the earliest translation of the book which has become known as the Old Greek version of Job (i.e. inclusion of genealogy, loss of innocent children) and not in the Hebrew version. A version of Job which vociferously argues his rights in the presence of God still maintains his hope and trust in the Almighty, a part of the book that effectively resolves the apparent contradictions between “Job the Patient” and “Job the Impatient.” The chapter also shows that the Masoretes are not to be blamed for the change of Job for it was only their way of preserving a well-known tradition. This change is also seen as a reclamation rather than an alteration. The Jews of ancient times read Job for the same reason that Bontsye Shvayg is read at present—to find a figure to represent their suffering and loss, someone they could identity with and whose endurance gives them hope too. This is also the main reason why they sustained an image of a “patient Job” in the same way the people of our modern time sustain an image of “silent Bontsye.”
Conclusion: The Joban Fugue
Authors: Zuckerman Bruce 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
From the beginning, the pattern in the development of Job shows strong similarities with the writing of Bontsye Shvayg as both used parody. Eventually, forces of history affected the parodist identified as the “Ozymandias effect.” The chapter also recalls editors and authors and their contribution to the further understanding of Job as discussed in the previous chapters. These editors include Madison, Greenberg, Elihu, Samuel, Wiesel, Abel, and Perl. Finally, the focus was shifted to James who allows critical judgments to be controlled by a sense of historical context that fits the Bontsye-model quite well. The book suggests that the best way to understand how James listens to Job is to shift the metaphor and think of the book as a counterpoint—the fugue or the way melodies and harmonies develop in relationship to one another. Fugue is derived from the Latin word “fugo,” meaning “to flee.” The book of Job is like a fugue but is less predictable and more adversarial than its musical counterpart since it is a manifestation of historical rather than synchronic counterpoint. Since a less sophisticated ear may hear less of the themes, James is considered as their representative as he simply reports what he has heard. The Joban counterpoint does not end in James though since one can always consider how the various rabbis, patristic fathers, and medieval commentator, to name a few, continue to read the book of Job. The book chooses to end with James since he sets the most decisive mark on Job.
Standardized Measures Commonly Used in Geriatric Assessment
Authors: Kane Rosalie A. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Standardized assessments are systematic protocols that are used to gather information using well-defined standard elements and procedures. In standardized assessments, questions are asked, observations made, and replies recorded according to fixed rules. Standardized measures go a step beyond assessment to yield scores to describe the attributes of the older person and the older person's world that are being assessed. This chapter describes some of the more commonly used measures in the context of a discussion of why social workers need to be concerned about standardized assessment, the properties that should be considered in choosing and using assessment tools, and the domains or topics of assessment that are pertinent to social workers.
Family and Group Interventions
Authors: Greene Roberta R. , Riley Joyce 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Increased research on the caregiving process has led to rising concerns about its economic, social, and psychological impact. The information garnered has countered practice trends. The burgeoning of information about the impact of caregiving, and the increased recognition that informal caregiving is a typical family experience, has propelled practitioners and theorists alike to seek interventions that might alleviate caregiver stress. Consequently, family therapy and group treatments have become more commonplace. That is, practitioners have gradually adopted or modified traditional family and group clinical social work approaches thought to be effective with the general population for use with frail older adults and their caregivers. By the mid-1980s, a growing interest in caregiver support began to close the gap between what is known about family functioning and clinical practice. This chapter discusses the development and nature of those social work family and group interventions.
Psychodynamic Psychotherapy
Authors: Cronin Denis P. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the psychodynamic approach to treating the emotional problems of older adults. Although clinical social work remains deeply influenced by Freud's early dismissal of older adults as inappropriate for a traditional psychodynamic approach, a passionate case is made for the importance of the richness of this time in the life-cycle for gaining deep insight and working through emotional issues. The significance of an older adult's struggle with conflicts over death, the therapeutic nature of transference based on age-related issues, and the unique challenges to the therapist in this process, are discussed.
Reminiscence and Life Review
Authors: Ingersoll-Dayton Berit , Bommarito Angela 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Reminiscence and life review are significant natural coping mechanisms, and, as treatment modalities, both can help older adults find meaning through reflection on their life experiences. The appeal of reminiscence and life review for geriatric social workers and other mental health professionals, is that the interventions are non-judgmental, non-stigmatizing, and easy to provide to older adults. This chapter is divided into four sections. The first section addresses the theoretical background of reminiscence and life review. The second examines the efficacy of life review and reminiscence interventions for different target groups. The third section describes successful intervention methods, and the fourth discusses implications for practice in relation to several emerging issues in reminiscence and life review research.