bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TONOGRAPHY AND GLAUCOMATOUS OPTIC NERVE DAMAGE
Authors: POHJANPELTO PEKKA E. J. 
Published: May 2009

The diurnal curves and tonography result were studied in 367 eyes of 236 patients with ocular hypertension ≥ 20 mmHg. The outflow values of 97 eyes with glaucomatous optic nerve damage (OND) were compared with those of eyes with similar pressure but without optic nerve damage. The coefficients were lower in the former than in the latter group, but the differences were small and deviations great. Tonography performed in addition to the diurnal curve seems to be of very limited value in predicting the risk of glaucomatous damage in an individual eye with ocular hypertension.The outflow coefficient was lower for eyes with the pseudoexfoliation syndrome than for eyes with similar pressure without pseudoexfoliation.
CONJUNCTIVAL GOBLET CELLS IN PATIENTS WITH CYSTIC FIBROSIS
Authors: HOLM KÅRE , KESSING Sv. VEDEL 
Published: May 2009

In five patients with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas the mucous glandular system of the conjunctiva was studied, as changes, if any, in the conjunctival goblet cells might be applicable as a diagnostic test in questionable cases.A whole‐mount technique was used, specially developed for studying conjunctival goblet cells. In all five cases the qualitative as well as quantitative goblet‐cell findings were in accordance with a previously reported normal material. In particular, there were no signs of stagnated secretion.
CONCENTRATIONS OF SOME METABOLITES IN THE AQUEOUS HUMOUR OF HUMAN SENILE CATARACTOUS EYES
Authors: LAURSEN A. BRUUN 
Published: May 2009

Glucose, pyruvate, 1‐lactate, and citrate concentrations of the aqueous humour were examined in 51 patients aged 54–87 years with senile cataracts, and in one patient with a clear lens. Furthermore, the ratios of glucose in aqueous/glucose in plasma and citrate in aqueous/citrate in plasma were investigated.Among the parameters recorded, age dependence could only be demonstrated for glucose concentrations in the aqueous humour, as this parameter decreases with increasing age. However, a chance significance because of multiple significance tests cannot be left out of account in this material. The parameters in question are unfit for an evaluation of possible changes in the energy metabolism of the lens in relation to cataract development because no significant differences were found between concentrations and ratios in different clinical types of cataract. Also, considerable ranges of variation were recorded.
HISTOCOMPATIBILITY MATCHING IN POOR‐PROGNOSIS PENETRATING KERATOPLASTY
Authors: BENNETT THOMAS O. , PEYMAN GHOLAM A. , TISSOT ROBERT , COHEN CARL 
Published: May 2009

Rabbits were haplotyped for the major rabbit leukocyte‐locus A (RL‐A locus), which is analogous to the human leukocyte‐locus A (HL‐A locus). The rabbits were divided into five groups, and the groups were arranged to provide a controlled experimental setting. Standardized alkali burns were induced in selected groups to produce heavy vascularization of the corneal bed.Groups with completely histocompatible corneal donors for the RL‐A locus had a 9 out of 10 success rate when keratoplasty was performed on a vascularized bed. Another group of rabbits mismatched at the RL‐A locus with histoincompatible corneal donors were prepared in the same manner and had a success rate of 1 out of 9. A probable significant difference (P < 0.005) using Fischer's exact test was found between the two groups.
PROGNOSIS OF PRIMARY RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENTS
Authors: KAUFMAN PAUL L. 
Published: May 2009

Thirty‐five patients with primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachments were followed for at least 6 months after scleral buckling procedures with subretinal fluid (SRF) drainage, in order to define factors influencing anatomic and visual outcome.Thirty‐two cases were surgically reattached; three were not. Among the reattached cases, final visual acuity was poorer in patients with: older age; longer standing, more extensive detachments; detachment of the macula (with or without the development of a visible macular lesion); macular lesions; and higher SRF butyrylcholinesterase activity. These factors were themselves interrelated. Follow‐up duration was only weakly related to final acuity, probably because of the long post‐surgical follow‐up. Phakic/aphakic status bore little relationship to final acuity. The type or timing relative to drainage of inflammation producing treatment was not related to final acuity.
CHORIO‐RETINAL RESECTION OF A NEOPLASM FROM THE HUMAN EYE
Authors: ALGVERE PEEP , KOCK ERIK 
Published: May 2009

An epithelioma was removed from the iris and ciliary body of a six‐year‐old girl by a partial irido‐cyclectomy. Three months later recurrence of the tumour was seen in the equatorial zone of the fundus.Three weeks after application of transscleral cryotherapy around the neoplasm, a chorio‐retinal resection of the tumour area in the fundus was performed.The postoperative healing was satisfactory. Re‐examination 16 months later revealed a healthy eye.The results indicate that a circumscribed tumour can successfully be resected from the fundus.
BACTERIAL FLORA IN RELATION TO CATARACT EXTRACTION
Authors: FAHMY J. A. , MØLLER S. , BENTZON M. WEIS 
Published: May 2009

In 499 patients operated on for cataract, the clinical postoperative signs of extraocular inflammation (conjunctival hyperaemia, chemosis, discharge and oedema of the lids), the number of infiltrates around the corneoscleral sutures, and the severity of intraocular inflammation in the anterior chamber (aqueous‐flare) were assessed on the fourth postoperative day and correlated with the bacterial conjunctival flora examined both qualitatively and quantitatively on the same day. Patients with potential pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, gram‐negative bacilli and streptococci) on the conjunctiva following operation did not show any increased inflammatory reactions when compared with those without such pathogens. The quantity of bacteria, i. e. number of colonies, did not appear to play a role. The reasons are discussed.The clinical postoperative inflammatoy signs were further correlated with the following factors: surgical complications, quality of suturing technique, use of alpha chymotrypsin, systemic disease, sex and age. A positive correlation was found between the severity of extraocular inflammation and retained lens material and hyphaema. Furthermore, extraocular reactions were more severe in males than females. The incidence of infiltrates around corneoscleral sutures was found to vary with age, i. e. occurred more frequently in patients < 60 years. No relationship was found between the severity of aqueous‐flare and the above mentioned factors.
STATIC PERIMETRY: STRATEGIES
Authors: BEBIE HANS , FANKHAUSER FRANZ , SPAHR JÜRG 
Published: May 2009

In static perimetry the method of limits is widely used for threshold determinations. Its performance is compared with that of a certain modification of the staircase method (repetitive up and down method) by means of simulations, where the behaviour of the observer is described by an assumed psychometric function. Systematic and random errors are considerably smaller with the up and down method. Further consideration is given to signal detection theory and to the concept of optimal strategy.ZusammenfassungMithilfe von Simulationen werden zwei Schwellenbestimmungsmethoden der statischen Perimetrie bezüglich der Genauigkeit der Messresultate verglichen, und zwar die Methode der einseitigen Schwellenannäherung vom unterschwelligen Bereich her mit einer Modifikation der staircase ‐ Methode, so wie sie auf Automaten zur Anwendung kommen kann. Die Messfehler fallen bei der zweiten Methode wesentlich kleiner aus. Weitere Betrachtungen beziehen sich auf die Signaldetektionstheorie und auf den Begriff der optimalen Strategie.
READAPTATION TIME AFTER PHOTO STRESS
Authors: TENGROTH B. , HOGMAN B. , LINDE C.‐J. , BERGMAN H. 
Published: May 2009

Optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) is used to study the eye's ReAdaptation Time (RAT) after a brief exposure to a light Hash.The effects on RAT of breathing different concentrations of O2 are examinedSignificant changes in RAT have been registered, showing that inhalation of 100% O2 as compared with room air, results in a shortened RAT (i.e. improvement), while inhalation of 9% O2 leads to an increased RAT (i. e. impairment)The physiology of RAT and the possible mechanisms behind the changes caused by different Oo concentrations are discussed. The findings ol this group are compared with those of other studies
THE CYCLOPENTOLATE PROVOCATIVE TEST IN SUSPECTED OR UNTREATED OPEN‐ANGLE GLAUCOMA
Authors: VALLE OLAVI 
Published: May 2009

Significant elevations of IOP, i. e. responses, occurred in eyes with suspected or untreated open‐angle glaucoma during the mydriasis test with 1% cyclopentolate (CPT). The possible role of pigment in the IOP elevations seen in the responders was studied.Pigment was liberated in the aqueous, sometimes very profusely, in 88 (31.9%) of 276 eyes during CPT. The maximal IOP elevations, ad 20 mmHg, were seen in just these eyes. They were eyes with capsular or pigmentary glaucoma or eyes in which exceptionally heavy pigment was demonstrated in the chamber angle for other reasons. There was a statistically significant correlation between pigment liberation and IOP elevation during CPT. Evidently profuse pigment liberation may have caused transient blocking of the trabecular meshwork, obstruction of aqueous outflow and elevation of IOPLiberation of pigment in the aqueous during CPT was statistically highly significantly more profuse in eyes with pseudoexfoliation than in eyes without pseudoexfoliation. An equally significant correlation was demonstrated between the grade of chamber angle pigmentation and the degree of pigment liberation during CPTThe significance of pigment for IOP elevation was seen also in the statistically highly significantly more profuse pigmentation of the chamber angle in the responder than in the non‐responder eyes
TRAUMATIC HYPHAEMA TREATED WITH THE ANTIFIBRINOLYTIC DRUG TRANEXAMIC ACID II
Authors: BRAMSEN THORKILD 
Published: May 2009

During the year 1976 (January 1st to December 31st) 75 patients, consecutively admitted to the eye department of Århus Kommunehospital with traumatic hyphaema, were treated with the antifibrinolytic drug tranexamic acid. No secondary haemorrhage occurred. The patients were not confined to bed. The eyes were not patched and the activities of the patients were not restricted.In a previous series from 1975 where the patients were confined to bed but otherwise treated identically with tranexamic acid one out of 72 patients had a secondary haemorrhage. When the two materials are combined one out of 147 patients had a secondary haemorrhage corresponding to 0.68 %.
MICROSCOPICALLY AND CHEMICALLY DETECTED HAEMOLACRIA
Authors: NORN M. S. 
Published: May 2009

Two methods have been developed for the detection of occult haemolacria (occult blood in tears): 1) Microscopy of conjunctival fluid aspirated by means of the quantitative pipette method. 2) Chemical stix method employed on a sample of conjunctival fluid transferred to cotton‐wool plug. Double samples from 306 eyes were subjected to microscopy, and chemical tests were performed on samples from 303 other eyes. Microscopy has been found to disclose occult blood in 13 per cent of normals (≥ 100 erythrocytes/3.1 mm2 in 3 per cent of normals), while blood is detected chemically in 3 per cent.Occult blood is most frequently found in cases of acute infectious conjunctivitis (65 per cent microscopically and 21 per cent chemically), less frequently in subacute and chronic infectious conjunctivitis (26 and 20 per cent respectively). Haemolacria is most frequently seen in relation to neutrophilia (45 per cent), less frequently with lymphocytosis (35 per cent), and even more rarely in the absence of both neutrophilia and lymphocytosis (11 per cent).Ciliary congestion is an unlikely cause of haemolacria. Postoperatively blood is present for two or three days, whereas blood instilled into the conjunctival sac of a normal eye disappears in less than one hour.The protein concentration in tears is raised in association with haemolacria.
CAUSES OF ENUCLEATION FOLLOWING CATARACT SURGERY
Authors: MERENMIES LAURI , TARKKANEN AHTI 
Published: May 2009

Between the years 1962 and 1976 85 eyes which had undergone cataract surgery were accessioned to the Ophthalmic Pathology Laboratory of the Helsinki University Eye Hospital. The specimens were submitted from the various eye departments of the country. Of these 85 eyes nine had been enucleated within 2 months after surgery while in 64 cases the enucleation had been performed more than 12 months after surgery. 40 eyes had had an attempted operation for senile cataract, 30 eyes for traumatic cataract while the remaining cases were congenital cataract cases or cataracts in pre‐existing glaucomatous or chronic uveitis eyes. Most frequent causes for the loss of the eyes were related to incomplete or abnormal healing of the operative wound such as epithelial down‐growth and closure of the chamber angle with extensive anterior synechiae leading to absolute glaucoma. It is noteworthy that all cases of epithelial downgrowth were derived from the beginning of the observation period. No new cases were obtained after 1969.Other important causes were purulent endophthalmitis and retinal detachment. Haemosiderosis was a prominent cause in the group with traumatic cataract. A careful histopathological analysis of eyes enucleated after cataract surgery is mandatory as it is from the complications we learn most in cataract surgery.
CONGENITAL GLAUCOMA BEFORE AND AFTER THE INTRODUCTION OF MICROSURGERY
Authors: GREGERSEN E. , KESSING SV. V. 
Published: May 2009

Primary trabeculotomy (in five eyes “converted” to trabeculectomy) normalized the tension in all 21 eyes with congenital glaucoma without associated diseases, (mean postoperative tension 12 mmHg, range 8–20 mm). Re‐operation was needed for only one eye.Preoperatively glaucomatous cupping was present in 18 of these 21 eyes. Ten of the 18 eyes with glaucomatous cupping were operated upon before the age of 6 months two before 11 months and the appearance of the disc was normalized in these 12 eyes.Repeated trabeculotomy, ‐ectomy was without success in three of five operated eyes in patients with congenital glaucoma of several years duration previously treated by “macrosurgery”. In patients with associated diseases normal tension was achieved by means of trabeculotomy/‐ectomy in two eyes in two Sturge‐Weber children with unilateral congenital glaucoma and in both eyes in a child with a chromosomal defect with bilateral congenital glaucoma. Repeated trabeculotomy/ectomy was on the other hand without success in a child with bilateral aniridia with congenital glaucoma and hydrocephalus.Presupposing acute or subacute microsurgery, the present operative results of congenital glaucoma without associated diseases are far better than those obtained in previous decades by “macrosurgery” which, despite frequent re‐operations, effected normalization of the tension in only 61% of the eyes. (11 of 26 patients (42%) with bilateral congenital glaucoma without associated diseases and treated by macrosurgery in previous decades were under the Care of the Blind).
FLUORESCEIN AND INDOCYANINE GREEN FLUORESCENCE ANGIOGRAPHY IN STUDY OF AFFECTED MALES AND IN FEMALE CARRIERS WITH CHOROIDERMIA
Authors: FORSIUS HENRIK , HYVÄRINEN LEA , NIEMINEN HEIKKI , FLOWER ROBERT 
Published: May 2009

26 males and 13 female carriers of different ages with choroideremia of varying severity were investigated using sodium fluorescein (FAG) and/or indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence angiography.Females with minor changes present in pigment epithelium may stay unchanged throughout life or gradually develop into a more advanced stage resembling the fundus picture of severely affected males.In moderately affected females there is a patchy degeneration of pigment epithelium in the macula. Peripapillary degeneration is seen also in indocyanine green fluorescence angiograms.In males, atrophic areas and the remaining choriocapillaris are clearly demonstrated in FAG and less well visible in ICG angiograms. ICG angiograms show choroidal vessels more clearly in cases where the pigment epithelium and the choriocapillaris are still present.In advanced cases in males and females, the choroidal blood circulation is slow.
APHAKIC GLAUCOMA
Authors: KESSING Sv. V. , RASMUSSEN K. E. 
Published: May 2009

In a successive cataract series of 874 eyes which underwent operation for senile cataract by microsurgery, and had no preoperative diagnosis of glaucoma, 16 (1.8%) were found to have aphakic glaucoma after a follow‐up period ranging from 10 months to 6 years.Of these cases 44% (7 eyes) had pupillary block, 37% (6 eyes) canal block, and 19% (3 eyes) angle block without primary pupillary block, whereas no eye showed ciliary block.The cause of pupillary block in the present series appears to have been the use of iridotomy instead of iridectomy (in 6 of the 7 cases). In 5 of the 7 cases with pupillary block, the manifest aphakic pupillary block had been preceded by increasing vitreous herniation into the pupil, without rupture of the hyaloid membrane. This situation, designated relative aphakic pupillary block, is assumed to precede in most cases the manifest aphakic pupillary block and is therefore of diagnostic importance, unlike stationary vitreous hernia. In the group with canal block, the mean preoperative ocular tension had been higher than in the other groups. When considering also the normal postoperative gonioscopy, this makes us interpret these cases as latent simple glaucoma (canal block) rendered manifest by the cataract operation.This small series does not afford any indication to assume that a corneal cataract incision involves less risk than a corneo‐scleral incision of injuring Schlemm's canal.Treatment was predominantly surgical in the group of pupillary block, predominantly medical in the others.
THE PERMEABILITY OF THE HUMAN CILIARY AND IRIDIAL EPITHELIUM TO HORSERADISH PEROXIDASE
Authors: TøNJUM ASBJøRN M. , PEDERSEN OLAV øYVIND 
Published: May 2009

The permeability of the human ciliary epithelium to horseradish peroxidase (PO) has been studied in vitro with the electron microscope. Ciliary body and iris specimens were obtained from freshly enucleated eyes. PO was applied at the stromal side of the epithelium, and was left for 120 min. The movement of PO through the intercellular spaces of the human ciliary epithelium was blocked apically in the lateral intercellular spaces of the non‐pigmented epithelial cells, indicating that these cells are girdled by zonulae occludentes.In the iridial epithelium, the same distribution pattern of peroxidase reaction products (PORP) was found, i. e. the progression of PO was blocked apically in the lateral intercellular spaces of the posterior epithelial cells. The study indicates that the human ciliary and iridial epithelium contains a system of zonulae occludentes, which represents a diffusion barrier to high molecular, water soluble substances. This is consistent with previous studies in several species of animals.
EFFECT OF PARACENTESIS ON OCULAR CLOXACILLIN CONCENTRATION
Authors: SALMINEN LOTTA 
Published: May 2009

The effect of anterior chamber puncture on cloxacillin concentration in the rabbit eye after intravenous injection was studied using a radioactive tracer method.The enhancement in drug concentration caused by paracentesis was most immediate and significant in the iris‐ciliary body preparation. It was soon followed by high cloxacillin concentration in the aqueous humour, which contributed to elevated cloxacillin levels in the cornea, lens and anterior vitreous body, when compared to normal material. Contrary to normal eyes, cloxacillin concentration in the cornea of the punctured eyes was higher than in the limbal area.The morphological changes occurring after paracentesis are discussed. The breakdown of the hydrodynamic equilibrium in the eye, suggested as the only change after paracentesis by Raviola (1974), cannot merely explain the cloxacillin concentration changes measured in the punctured eye.
PHOTIC RELEASE OF RADIOACTIVITY FROM RABBIT RETINA PRELOADED WITH [3H]GABA
Authors: BAUER BIRGITTA 
Published: May 2009

The in vitro release of radioactivity by light from rabbit retina was studied after intravitreal injection of [3H]GABA (γ‐aminobutyric acid). The site of uptake of [3H]GABA into the retina after intravitreal injection was checked by autoradiography and was localized at 2 h after the injection mainly in glia but at 4 h in amacrine cells and some ganglion cells.If the retina loaded with [3H]GABA was stimulated by light flashes the efflux of radioactivity increased significantly. Chromatographic analysis of the superfusate demonstrated that [3H]GABA was released by light stimulation. However, the efflux was not elicited by constant light, and was abolished in a medium containing 20 mM Mg++ and 0.2 mM++. When the metabolism of GABA was inhibited by amino‐oxyacetic acid, light flashes no longer increased the efflux of radioactivity significantly. No light‐evoked release of radioactivity could be demonstrated from glia. Pentobarbitone inhibited the spontaneous efflux and prior anaesthetization with pentobarbitone abolished the light‐evoked release.These results support the view that GABA is a retinal neurotransmitter in the rabbit.
THE DOUBLE FLASH ERG DURING ADAPTATION TO THE DARK
Authors: MITSUYU MARIKO 
Published: May 2009

Electroretinogram (ERG) of albino rabbits and rhesus monkeys were recorded in a dark room applying the double flash stimuli after a sufficient adaptation to light. The stimulus intervals of the flashes were varied. The per cent amplitudes of the ERGs for the first flashes (B1) and those of the second flashes (B2) were plotted against time, as was (B1‐B2)/B1 (= K). 1. B1 was independent of the stimulus interval in both species, and increased with lapse of time to reach a plateau.2. B2 was quite dependent on the stimulus interval, and the ERG dark adaptation curves of the two species were quite different.3. The time course of (B1‐B2)/B1 was specific for the two species. In the rabbit, Ks were almost equal for three stimulus intervals during states of adaptation to complete darkness, and in the monkey, Ks were different for the three intervals under all conditions.
FUNCTIONAL EVALUATION IN HARADA'S DISEASE
Authors: GODEL VICTOR , BLUMENTHAL MICHAEL , REGENBOGEN LUCIAN 
Published: May 2009

A 21‐year‐old woman suffering from Harada's disease was carefully evaluated during a three year follow‐up study. In the acute stage of the disease the electroretinographic changes were found to parallel the clinical course. The functional parameters indicate that the retinal involvement is localized in the layers which generate the electroretinogram.Some attempts to explain the discrepancy between the decreased positive amplitude of the electroretinogram and the normal sensory threshold findings give credence to the concept that such paradoxical behaviour can be explained by the focalized nature of the retinal involvement.