bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Structures of Zinc(II) and Cadmium(II) Complexes with (η6‐Benzenecarboxylate) Chromium Tricarbonyl and Pyrazole Derivatives
Authors: Murugesapandian Balasubramanian , Roesky Peter W. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAbstract. Reaction of zinc acetate with four different substituted pyrazoles (3,5‐dimethyl pyrazole (3,5‐Me2PzH), 3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl pyrazole (3,5‐tBu2PzH), 3,5‐diphenyl pyrazole (3,5‐Ph2PzH), and 5‐methyl‐3‐phenyl pyrazole (3‐Ph‐5‐Me‐PzH)) followed by treatment with(η6‐benzenecarboxylic acid) chromium tricarbonyl afforded the bimetallic zinc‐chromium complexes [Zn{(η6‐C6H5COO)Cr(CO)3}2(3,5‐Me2PzH)2], [Zn{(η6‐C6H5COO)Cr(CO)3}2(3,5‐tBu2PzH)2], [Zn{(η6‐C6H5COO)Cr(CO)3}2(3,5‐Ph2PzH)2], and [Zn{η6‐C6H5COO)Cr(CO)3}2(3‐Ph‐5‐Me‐PzH)2]. The corresponding bimetallic cadmium‐chromium complexes [Cd{(η6‐C6H5COO)Cr(CO)3}2(3,5‐Me2PzH)2] and [Cd{(η6‐C6H5COO)Cr(CO)3}2(3,5‐tBu2PzH)2] were obtained by using cadmium acetate as starting material. The pyrazole rings and the carboxylate {(η6‐C6H5COO)Cr(CO)3}– anion act as monodentate ligand in the zinc complexes, whereas a monodentate and bidentate coordination of the {(η6‐C6H5COO)Cr(CO)3}– anion is observed in the cadmium complexes.
Syntheses of Iron Carbonyl N‐Heterocyclic Stannylene Complexes
Authors: Jana Anukul , Azhakar Ramachandran , Roesky Herbert W. , Objartel Ina , Stalke Dietmar 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe reaction of the β‐diketiminato tin(II) compound LSnCl (1) [L = CH{CMe(NAr)}2, Ar = 2,6‐iPr2C6H3] with diiron nonacarbonyl, Fe2(CO)9, at room temperature led to the iron carbonyl complex LSn(Cl)Fe(CO)4 (2). Complex 2 reacted with AgOSO2CF3 (AgOTf) to yield LSn(OTf)Fe(CO)4 (3). Complex 3 could also be prepared by the reaction of LSnOTf (4) with Fe2(CO)9 at room temperature. Compounds 2 and 3 were characterized by elemental analysis, NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. Both complexes were unambiguously established by single‐crystal X‐ray structural analysis.
Ligand Exchange Processes on Solvated Beryllium Cations, VI. Hydrogen Chalcogenide Exchange on [Be(Chelate)Sol2]2+ (Chelate: CH3–O–C2H4–O–CH3, CH3–S–C2H4–S–CH3, CH3–Se–C2H4–Se–CH3; Sol: H2O, H2S, H2Se)
Authors: Walther Markus , Dücker‐Benfer Carlos , Puchta Ralph 
Published: September 2011

AbstractFollowing work from Dehnicke et al. on the binding of Be2+ to crown ethers, solvent addition, and solvent exchange energies were calculated (B3LYP/6‐311+G**) for solvated beryllium complexes with bidentate ligands CH3–O–C2H4–O–CH3 [1,2‐bis(methoxy)ethane], CH3–S–C2H4–S–CH3 [1,2‐bis(methio)ethane], and CH3–Se–C2H4–Se–CH3 [1,2‐bis(methylselanyl)ethane], and H2O, H2S, and H2Se as solvents. All water exchange reactions for the different bidentate ligands show no variation, with energies of addition to the second coordination sphere of around –25 kcal·mol–1 and exchange activation energies of around 19 kcal·mol–1. Substituting water by H2S and H2Se in [(CH3–O–C2H4–O–CH3)Be(Solvent)2]2+ lowered the energy for addition of a solvent molecule in the second coordination sphere to –12 kcal·mol–1 and the exchange activation energy to 12 kcal·mol–1. All reaction mechanisms were found to be of the associative interchange (Ia) type.
1,2‐Diaza‐3,5‐diborolidine CH2BR1‐(NR2)2‐BR1: Potentielle Vorstufen zu cyclischen Diborylcarben‐Liganden
Authors: Weber Lothar , Förster Jan Benjamin , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Neumann Beate 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe reaction of the aminohaloboranes (Me2N)(R)BX (1) (a: R = Ph, X = Cl; b: R = Me, X = Br; c: R = iPr, X = Cl) with the di‐Grignard reagent (BrMg)2CH2 in ethyl ether/benzene mixtures afforded the diborylmethanes [(Me2N)(R)B]2CH2 (2) (a: R = Ph; b: R = Me; c: R = iPr), which were subsequently converted into the corresponding bis(chloroboryl)methanes [(Cl)(R)B]2CH2 (3) (a: R = Ph; b: R = Me; c: R = iPr). Base‐assisted cyclocondensation of 3a–c with 1,2‐diisopropylhydrazine afforded 1,2‐diisopropyl‐1,2‐diaza‐3,5‐diorgano‐3,5‐diborolidines (4) (a: R = Ph; b: R = Me; c: R = iPr). Derivative 4a was deprotonated by potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide to give (1,2‐diisopropyl‐1,2‐diaza‐3,5‐diphenyl‐3,5‐diborolidinyl)potassium (5). Attempts to introduce a halogen atom to the carbon bridge between the two boron atom by treating 5 with either iodine or 1,2‐dibromoethane failed. Instead, bis(1,2‐diisopropyl‐1,2‐diaza‐3,5‐diphenyl‐3,5‐diborolidinyl) (C‐C) (6) was formed. In contrast to this, C‐silylation of the heterocycle to give 7 was effected by reaction of salt 5 with trimethylsilyl chloride. Similarly, treatment of HgCl2 with two molar equivalents of 5 gave rise to the formation of bis(1,2‐diisopropyl‐1,2‐diaza‐3,5‐diphenyl‐3,5‐diborolidinyl)mercury (8). The novel compounds were characterized by elemental analyses and various spectroscopic methods (1H‐, 11B{1H}‐, 13C{1H} NMR, MS). The molecular structures of 4a and 6–8 were elucidated by X‐ray diffraction analyses.
Medical imaging in personalised medicine: a white paper of the research committee of the European Society of Radiology (ESR)
Authors:   European Society of Radiology
Published: September 2011

Abstract
The future of medicine lies in early diagnosis and individually tailored treatments, a concept that has been designated ‘personalised medicine’ (PM), i.e. delivering the right treatment to the right patient at the right time. However, the value of medical imaging in PM is frequently underestimated, as many policy makers forget the all-important right location in the PM paradigm. Medical imaging has always been personalised as it provides individual assessment of the location and extent of an abnormality, and in the future it will prove fundamental to almost all aspects of PM. Stratification based on imaging biomarkers can help identify individuals suited for preventive intervention and can improve disease staging. In vivo visualisation of locoregional physiological, biochemical and biological processes using molecular imaging can detect diseases in pre-symptomatic phases or facilitate individualised drug delivery. Furthermore, imaging is essential to patient-tailored therapy planning, therapy monitoring and follow-up of disease progression, as well as targeting non-invasive or minimally invasive treatments, especially with the rise of theranostics. For PM to reach its full potential, medical imaging must be an integral part. Radiologists need to be prepared for this new paradigm as it will mean changes in training, in research and in clinical practice.
Adolescent temperament and parental control in the development of the adolescent decision making in a Chilean sample⋆
Authors: Pérez J. Carola , Cumsille Patricio 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTThe study analyzes the way in which adolescents’ temperamental characteristics interact with parental control to shape adolescent decision making development. A sample of high‐school Chilean adolescents (N = 391) answered a self‐report questionnaire that included measures of behavioral autonomy (the extent to which adolescents make decisions in personal and prudential domains), parental behavioral and psychological control, and temperamental characteristics. A path analysis model indicated that adolescents’ anger–frustration had a direct association with decision‐making in the personal and prudential domains; fearfulness had an inverse association with adolescent decision‐making, but only in the prudential domain. Perceived psychological control was associated with adolescents’ reduced decision‐making autonomy in the personal domain, while perceived behavioral control was associated with less adolescent autonomy in both personal and prudential domains. Additionally, a moderation effect was found such that the association of parental behavioral control on decision‐making in the prudential domain was dependent on the adolescent fearfulness level.
ON MINIMAL DEGREES OF PERMUTATION REPRESENTATIONS OF ABELIAN QUOTIENTS OF FINITE GROUPS
Authors: FRANCHI CLARA 
Published: September 2011

AbstractFor a finite group G, we denote by μ(G) the minimum degree of a faithful permutation representation of G. We prove that if G is a finite p-group with an abelian maximal subgroup, then μ(G/G′)≤μ(G).
Sensibilism, Psychologism, and Kant's Debt to Hume
Authors: Chance Brian A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractHume's account of causation is often regarded a challenge Kant must overcome if the Critical philosophy is to be successful. But from Kant's time to the present, Hume's denial of our ability to cognize supersensible objects, a denial that relies heavily on his account of causation, has also been regarded as a forerunner to Kant's critique of metaphysics. After identifying reasons for rejecting Wayne Waxman's recent account of Kant's debt to Hume, I present my own, more modest account of this debt, an account that seeks to unite the two very different pictures of Kant's relationship to Hume sketched above.
Modeling of Solder Fatigue Failure due to Ductile Damage
Authors: Aluru K. , Wen F.-L. , Shen Y.-L. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTA numerical study is undertaken to simulate failure of solder joint caused by cyclic shear deformation. A progressive ductile damage model is incorporated into the rate-dependent elastic-viscoplastic finite element analysis, resulting in the capability of simulating damage evolution and eventual failure through crack formation. It is demonstrated that quantitative information of fatigue life, as well as the temporal and spatial evolution of fatigue cracks, can be explicitly obtained.
Structural Synthesis by Method of Centers in Force Formulation under Size and Stress Constraints
Authors: Farshi B. , Alinia-ziazi A. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper studies a novel approach to optimize trusses and truss-like structures for minimum weight design. It is based on the force method of analysis which is incorporated inside the optimization routine. The design variables in force formulation are the member cross sectional areas and the redundant forces in each load condition. The optimization method used is the method of center points using the inscribed hyperspheres to the feasible-usable design space. By incorporating the analysis step as part of the optimization problem, a separate structural solution phase, which is necessary in all other methods, is avoided resulting in large computational savings. In this article the simplest form of structuresi.e.trusses are treated to illustrate the efficacy of the method. Stress limits on the members as well as limitations on their sizes, and linking among them, under several load conditions have been considered. Combination of the method of center points and force formulation results in a viable routine for structural optimization. Comparison of the example results with those obtained by others clearly shows the effectiveness and novelty of the proposed method.
Bosentan for digital ulcers in patients with systemic sclerosis
Authors: NAGAI Yayoi , HASEGAWA Michiko , HATTORI Tomoyasu , OKADA Etsuko , TAGO Osamu , ISHIKAWA Osamu 
Published: September 2011

AbstractRecurrent digital ulcers are manifestations of vascular disease in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). We report six patients with severe digital ulcers who were treated with bosentan administered p.o., 62.5–125 mg daily. The mean duration from the diagnosis of SSc to the initiation of bosentan was 9.5 years, and the observation period after bosentan administration was from 7 months to 4.5 years. In case 1, neither new digital ulcers nor Raynaud’s phenomenon developed for 4.5 years. In case 2, digital ulcers recurred after the discontinuation of bosentan; however, re‐administration of bosentan lead to the improvement. In cases 3–5 with recurrent digital ulcers, no new lesions have developed. In these five patients, pain evaluated by visual analog scale was significantly reduced. In three patients, bosentan was discontinued because of severe liver dysfunction. These results suggest that bosentan is an effective treatment for refractory digital ulcers associated with SSc; however, liver function should be carefully monitored. Compared to the doses of bosentan used to treat pulmonary hypertension, relatively lower doses may effectively control painful digital ulcer/gangrene in patients with SSc.
Analysis of 256 cases of basal cell carcinoma after either one‐step or two‐step surgery in a Japanese institution
Authors: GOTO Mizuki , KAI Yoshitaka , ARAKAWA Shoko , OISHI Masaki , ISHIKAWA Kazushi , ANZAI Saburou , HATANO Yutaka , OKAMOTO Osamu , KATAGIRI Kazumoto , FUJIWARA Sakuhei , SHIMIZU Fumiaki , KATO Aiko , SHIBUYA Hiromi , ESHIMA Nobuoki , TERASHI Hiroto 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBasal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a common skin cancer that arises from the cells of the basal layer of the epithelium or from the external root sheath of the hair follicle. In the present report, 256 cases treated surgically between 1999 and 2008 in our department were retrospectively analyzed. The most frequent BCC locations included the face (77.8%), especially the nose (26.9%) and eyelids (21.5%). Incomplete excisions occurred in 21 cases. Two patients experienced local recurrence; one of these patients exhibited a bone metastasis while the other had a metastasis of the parotid gland without the local recurrence. The rate of local BCC recurrence was 0.78%, which is lower than that described in previous reports. We categorized BCC into four histological types: superficial, solid, adenoid and infiltrative. The solid type was the most frequent histological type (62.1%). For preventive recurrence, we treated BCC patients with two‐step surgery when the tumor was large or histologically invasive. At the first step, we excised the tumor with a sufficient safety margin, and at the second step, we performed reconstruction after the histological confirmation that no remnant malignant cells were in the tumor margins. In the present report, no local recurrence occurred in patients following the two‐step surgery. Therefore, two‐step surgery is recommended for tumors at locations and with histological types related to frequent recurrence.
The safety and tolerability of spironolactone in patients with mild to moderate chronic kidney disease
Authors: Edwards Nicola C. , Steeds Richard P. , Chue Colin D. , Stewart Paul M. , Ferro Charles J. , Townend Jonathan N. 
Published: September 2011

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT• Spironolactone has recently been shown to exert beneficial effects on the cardiovascular and renal systems. To date, its use in patients with chronic kidney disease has been limited due to potential risks of hyperkalaemia and declining renal dysfunction.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS• Non‐diabetic patients with early stage chronic kidney disease (CKD) on concomitant therapy with angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition or angiotensin II receptor blockade with a serum potassium of <5.5 mmol/L and no history of hyperkalaemia who were randomized in a trial to treatment with spironolactone for 40 weeks had low rates of serious hyperkalaemia (<1%) and worsening renal function (<3%). Frequent biochemical monitoring is required for the initial 4 weeks but only routine monitoring is needed thereafter.AIM Mineralocorticoid receptor blockade (MRBs) in combination with angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin‐II receptor blockade (ARBs) improve prognostic markers of cardiovascular and renal disease in early stage chronic kidney disease (CKD). Concerns relating to the safety and tolerability of MRBs in CKD may limit their use in a non clinical trial setting.METHODS In the Chronic Renal Impairment in Birmingham II study, 115 patients with non‐diabetic early stage CKD (eGFR 30–89 ml/min/1.73m2) received 25 mg daily of spironolactone for 4 weeks before randomization to continuing treatment or placebo for a further 36 weeks. All patients were on ACE inhibitors and/or ARB therapy. Potassium and renal function were checked at weeks 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 28 and 40. The incidence of hyperkalaemia, significant renal dysfunction (reduction eGFR ≥25%) and adverse effects was assessed.RESULTS After 40 weeks of treatment the incidence of serious hyperkalaemia (K+≥6.0 mmol/L) was <1%. A potassium 5.5–5.9 mmol/L occurred on ≥1 occasion over follow‐up in 11 patients (nine on spironolactone) and was predicted by baseline potassium ≥5.0 mmol/L and eGFR ≤45 ml/min/1.73m2. Over follow‐up, three patients experienced significant renal dysfunction but no patients withdrew due to intolerance or side effects. Changes in potassium, eGFR and systolic blood pressure were most apparent in the first 4 eeks.CONCLUSION Spironolactone was well tolerated in selected patients with early stage CKD. Strict monitoring over the first month of treatment followed by standard surveillance as for ACE inhibitors and ARBs is suggested.
Discrimination of agonist and antagonist forms of CXCL10 in biological samples
Authors: Casrouge A , Bisiaux A , Stephen L , Schmolz M , Mapes J , Pfister C , Pol S , Mallet V , Albert M L 
Published: September 2011

SummaryThe ready access to commercially available multiplex assays and the importance of inflammation in disease pathogenesis has resulted in an abundance of studies aimed at identifying surrogate biomarkers for different clinically important questions. Establishing a link between a biomarker and disease pathogenesis, however, is quite complex, and in some instances this complexity is compounded by post-translational modifications and the use of immunoassays that do not always discriminate between the different forms of the same protein. Herein, we provide a detailed description of an assay system that has been established to discriminate the agonist form of CXCL10 from the NH2-terminal truncated form of the molecule generated by dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPP4) cleavage. We demonstrate the utility of this assay system for monitoring agonist and antagonist forms of CXCL10 in culture supernatant, patient plasma and urine samples. Given the important role of CXCL10 in chronic inflammatory diseases and its suggested role as a predictive marker in managing patients with chronic hepatitis C, asthma, atopic dermatitis, transplantation, tuberculosis, kidney injury, cancer and other diseases, we believe that our method will be of general interest to the research and medical community.
Therapeutic potential of carbon monoxide in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Fagone P , Mangano K , Coco M , Perciavalle V , Garotta G , Romao C C , Nicoletti F 
Published: September 2011

Summary
Carbon monoxide (CO) is produced during the catabolism of free haem, catalyzed by haem oxygenase (HO) enzymes, and its physiological roles include vasodilation, neurotransmission, inhibition of platelet aggregation and anti-proliferative effects on smooth muscle. In vivo preclinical studies have shown that exogenously administered quantities of CO may represent an effective treatment for conditions characterized by a dysregulated immune response. The carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CORMs) represent a group of compounds capable of carrying and liberating controlled quantities of CO in the cellular systems. This review covers the physiological and anti-inflammatory properties of the HO/CO pathway in the central nervous system. It also discusses the effects of CORMs in preclinical models of inflammation. The accumulating data discussed herein support the possibility that CORMs may represent a novel class of drugs with disease-modifying properties in multiple sclerosis.
Late‐night salivary cortisol for diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry assay
Authors: Erickson Dana , Singh Ravinder J. , Sathananthan Airani , Vella Adrian , Bryant Sandra C. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryBackground  Late‐night salivary cortisol (LNSC) measurements have been increasingly used by physicians as an initial diagnostic test for evaluation of patients with clinical suspicion of Cushing’s syndrome (CS). Published studies include various numbers of cases, controls and importantly, various assay methods (vast majority various immunoassays), as well as various methods to generate cut‐points.Materials and Methods  The retrospective study evaluated the diagnostic utility of LNSC measurements in 249 patients evaluated for possibility of CS because of various clinical conditions using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method (LC‐MS/MS). CS was confirmed in 47 patients (18·9%) and excluded in 202 (81·1%) patients at the time of analysis.Results  Late‐night salivary cortisol was abnormal or >2·8 nmol/l in 35 of 47 patients with CS; sensitivity of 74·5% and elevated in 20 of 202 patients who were found not to have CS; specificity 90·1%. Using receiver‐operator characteristic statistics for calculation of the most optimal sensitivity and specificity, the cut‐off based on this data was LNSC > 2·1 nmol/l with sensitivity of 83·0% and specificity of 84·2%.Conclusion  Analysis of data at one referral institution showed somewhat limited sensitivity of LNSC for diagnosis of CS using current reference ranges.
Effectiveness of antioxidants (propolis, blueberry, vitamin E) associated with verapamil in the medical management of Peyronie’s disease: a study of 151 cases
Authors: Paulis G. , D’Ascenzo R. , Nupieri P. , De Giorgio G. , Orsolini G. , Brancato T. , Alvaro R. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryA total of 151 patients (age: 24–74 years, mean: 55 ± 10.3) diagnosed with Peyronie’s disease were enrolled in a non‐surgical treatment. In addition to medical histories and physical examinations, all patients underwent the following tests: penile ultrasound, IIEF questionnaire and photographic documentation. The penile curvature was measured by taking a photograph during maximum erection. All 151 patients were treated at different times and with different combinations of drugs, and afterwards, they were clinically studied and divided into five different treatment groups: 1st = verapamil (injection + iontophoresis) + vitamin E + topical diclofenac + blueberries; 2nd = verapamil (injection + iontophoresis) + vitamin E + topical diclofenac + propolis; 3rd = verapamil (injection) + vitamin E + topical Diclofenac; 4th = verapamil (iontophoresis) + vitamin E + topical diclofenac; 5th = verapamil (injection + iontophoresis) + topical diclofenac + blueberries + propolis. All patients were treated for 6 months after which they underwent the same follow‐up tests as performed prior to the treatment. The following was achieved: group 1 had the most reduction in plaque size (−66.4%; p = 0.000), group 2 obtained the highest rate where penile curvature disappeared (24.5%; p = 0.019); the best results with reference to decrease in curvature angle were reached by the 2nd group (−14°) and group 1 obtained −9.6° (p = 0.000).