bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the perianal muscular complex in the prenatal diagnosis of anorectal atresia in a high‐risk population
Authors: Ochoa J. H. , Chiesa M. , Vildoza R. P. , Wong A. E. , Sepulveda W. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate whether sonographic identification of the fetal perianal muscular complex (PAMC) is of value in the prenatal detection of anorectal atresia in a high‐risk population.MethodsDuring an 8‐year study period, a total of 189 pregnancies at high risk for fetal anorectal atresia were prospectively examined for the presence/absence of the PAMC on axial ultrasound views of the fetal perineum. The prenatal findings were confirmed postnatally or at the time of postmortem examination.ResultsThe median gestational age at examination was 27 (range, 15–37) weeks. The PAMC was identified in 175 fetuses, all of which had a normal anorectal canal at the time of delivery or at postmortem examination. The PAMC was not identified prenatally in the 14 remaining cases, and the anus was absent in 11 fetuses with anorectal atresia and in two with urorectal septum malformation sequence. There was one false‐positive case, in which the anus was anatomically and functionally normal but ectopically located, opening into the vaginal vestibule. Among these 14 cases of anorectal malformation, prenatal dilatation of the distal bowel was seen in nine (64.3%) and intraluminal calcified meconium or enterolithiasis in five (35.7%). Overall, absent PAMC on prenatal sonography in this high‐risk population had a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 99%, true‐positive rate of 93% and false‐positive rate of 7% for the diagnosis of anorectal atresia.ConclusionsIn a high‐risk population, the absence of PAMC seems to be a highly sensitive and specific sonographic marker for anorectal atresia. The role of routine sonographic identification of the PAMC at the second‐trimester scan to screen for cases of isolated anal atresia remains to be determined. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Single umbilical artery in twin pregnancies
Authors: Klatt J. , Kuhn A. , Baumann M. , Raio L. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectiveOur purpose was to evaluate the antenatal incidence of single umbilical artery (SUA) in twin pregnancies according to chorionicity and to assess its relationship with outcome.MethodsConsecutive twin pregnancies undergoing ultrasound evaluation at our institutions were included. A targeted sonographic evaluation of the umbilical cord and vessels was performed in all cases. Chorionicity was determined according to standard ultrasound criteria.ResultsA total of 174 twin pregnancies, 100 dichorionic (DC) and 74 monochorionic (MC), were included in the study. An SUA was identified in 17 (9.8%) pregnancies, and in 18 (5.2%) fetuses. No difference was found in the incidence of SUA in DC and MC twins. Among affected pregnancies, all but one DC twin pregnancy were discordant for SUA. Structural and/or chromosomal abnormalities were present in 27.8% of fetuses with SUA. The prevalence of small‐for‐gestational‐age fetuses and of discordant birth weight (> 20% discordance) was higher in the SUA group than in the rest of the population, although these differences were not statistically significant. Twin pairs discordant for SUA had significantly higher weight discordance than those with normal umbilical cords. The sonographic cross‐sectional area of the SUA did not appear to show the typical adaptive dilatation usually seen in singleton pregnancies with SUA.ConclusionsThe incidence of SUA in twins is higher than in singletons, with no difference between MC and DC twins. Intrapair discordance for SUA in identical twins provides evidence against an exclusively genetic origin of this anomaly. The apparent failure of compensatory dilatation of the umbilical artery in twins with SUA may explain in part the higher risk for fetal growth restriction in these cases. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fetal left modified myocardial performance index: technical refinements in obtaining pulsed‐Doppler waveforms
Authors: Meriki N. , Izurieta A. , Welsh A. W. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the influence of machine settings (wall motion filter (WMF), angle of insonation, Doppler aliasing) and phase of valve clicks on repeatability of measurement of the fetal left modified myocardial performance index (Mod‐MPI).MethodsFetal left Mod‐MPI was evaluated prospectively in 157 morphologically normal fetuses at 19–36 weeks' gestation. In a baseline cohort, a previously published technique and settings were used for measurement of Mod‐MPI. In a second cohort, the influence of WMF, angle of insonation, Doppler aliasing and selection of the phase of the valve clicks on repeatability of measurement of Mod‐MPI was assessed.ResultsThe intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for measurement repeatability in the baseline cohort was 0.22. Increase in WMF to 300 Hz or 500 Hz was associated with an increase in ICC to 0.60 and 0.55, respectively. An angle of insonation of < 15° was associated with an increase in ICC to 0.79 and 0.78 at a WMF of 300 and 500 Hz, respectively. A WMF of 300 Hz, angle of insonation of < 15° and absence of aliasing was associated with an increase in ICC to 0.85 and 0.87 at the beginning and peak of the valve click, respectively. Mod‐MPI ranged from 0.35 to 0.48. An increase in calculated MPI was associated with increasing WMF, selection of the beginning vs. peak of the valve clicks and increase in angle of insonation. The presence or absence of aliasing had no effect.ConclusionsRefinement of machine settings improves repeatability of Mod‐MPI, as does selection of the peak of the valve click. We suggest a consensus be reached as to the precise measurement of MPI, but for the moment would suggest: WMF, 300 Hz; angle of insonation, < 15°; avoiding Doppler aliasing; and selection of valve click peak. Systematic variation in measurement of time intervals may be responsible for the widely varying published normal ranges for Mod‐MPI. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scalable context-dependent analysis of emergency egress models
Authors: Massink M. , Latella D. , Bracciali A. , Harrison M. D. , Hillston J. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Pervasive environments offer an increasing number of services to a large number of people moving within these environments, including timely information about where to go and when, and contextual information about the surrounding environment. This information may be conveyed to people through public displays or direct to a person’s mobile phone. People using these services interact with the system but they are also meeting other people and performing other activities as relevant opportunities arise. The design of such systems and the analysis of collective dynamic behaviour of people within them is a challenging problem. We present results on a novel usage of a scalable analysis technique in this context. We show the validity of an approach based on stochastic process-algebraic models by focussing on a representative example, i.e. emergency egress. The chosen case study has the advantage that detailed data is available from studies employing alternative analysis methods, making cross-methodology comparison possible. We also illustrate how realistic, context-dependent human behaviour, often observed in emergency egress, can naturally be embedded in the models, and how the effect of such behaviour on evacuation can be analysed in an efficient and scalable way. The proposed approach encompasses both the agent modelling viewpoint, as system behaviour emerges from specific (discrete) agent interaction, and the population viewpoint, when classes of homogeneous individuals are considered for a (continuous) approximation of overall system behaviour.
Acute Up‐Regulation of Adipose Triglyceride Lipase and Release of Non‐Esterified Fatty Acids by Dexamethasone in Chicken Adipose Tissue
Authors: Serr Julie , Suh Yeunsu , Oh Shin‐Ae , Shin Sangsu , Kim Minseok , Latshaw J. David , Lee Kichoon 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe mechanism of adipose tissue lipolysis has not been fully elucidated. Greater understanding of this process could allow for increased feed efficiency and reduced fat in poultry. Studies in avian species may provide important insight in developing therapies for human obesity, as lipolytic pathways are highly conserved. Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) cleaves triacylglycols, releasing non‐esterified fatty acids (NEFA) into the bloodstream. Glucocorticoids have been shown to elevate circulating NEFA. To determine the regulation of ATGL and regulator proteins comparative gene identification‐58 (CGI‐58) and G(0)/G(1) switch gene 2 (G0S2) by glucocorticoid, 36 chickens received an injection of dexamethasone (4 mg/kg). Saline was administered to an additional 12 birds to determine any effect of stress during handling. Dexamethasone‐injected birds were harvested at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h after treatment; saline‐treated birds were collected at 4 and 6 h. Abdominal and subcutaneous adipose tissue and blood were collected. Gene and protein expression were analyzed via quantitative real‐time PCR and western blot. Compared with the saline group, ATGL expression increased in birds injected with dexamethasone. When dexamethasone response was compared to the untreated group up to 6 h following injection, an increase in ATGL protein was observed as quickly as 0.5 h and increased further from 1 to 6 h. Plasma NEFA and glucose increased gradually from 0 to 6 h, reaching statistical significance at 4 h. These data show that ATGL expression is stimulated by glucocorticoid in a time‐dependent manner.
Modulation of the Selectivity of Immobilized Lipases by Chemical and Physical Modifications: Release of Omega‐3 Fatty Acids from Fish Oil
Authors: Fernández‐Lorente Gloria , Betancor Lorena , Carrascosa Alfonso V. , Palomo Jose M. , Guisan Jose M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThree different lipases (from Candida antarctica fraction B (CALB), Thermomyces lanuginose (TLL), and Rhizomucor miehei (RML)) were immobilized by two different methods, immobilization on CNBr‐activated Sepharose via a mild covalent immobilization or adsorption onto hydrophobic supports (Octyl‐Sepharose). These immobilized preparations were chemically and physically modified on the protein surface (enzyme carboxylic groups with ethylenediamine, amino groups with succinic anhydride, or coating with polyethyleneimine).The activity and selectivity in the production of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) by enzymatic hydrolysis of sardine oil were evaluated. Activity and selectivity were dependent on the different lipases, the immobilization protocols, the modification methods, and the pH of the reaction media. The selectivity (EPA/DHA ratio) of RML immobilized on CNBr‐activated Sepharose was increased after succinylation from 7.5 to 34 at pH 6.0. The selectivity of octyl‐RML improved from 1.5 to 8.5 when pH was increased from 6 to 8. The selectivity and activity of octyl‐TLL increased twofold after PEI coating at pH 6. The properties of CAL‐B derivatives were slightly altered after modification.
Influence of Extraction Processing on Rheological Properties of Rapeseed Oils
Authors: Liu Changsheng , Yang Mei , Huang Fenghong 
Published: July 2011

AbstractRheological behavior of six crude rapeseed oils with different extraction methods including hot‐pressing, solvent‐extraction and cold‐pressing were studied. Viscosities of the oils were measured with shear rates ranging from 0.1 to 200 s−1 at three different temperatures. The Casson model was used to fit the experimental data and the Arrhenius equation was applied to estimate the energy of activation for viscosity (Ea). The extraction methods affected the total tocopherol, total phytosterols, total phenols, phosphorus and fatty acid composition. The hot‐pressed medium‐erucic rapeseed oil (HMRO) had the greatest viscosity, and the cold‐pressed low‐erucic rapeseed oil (CLRO) had the lowest viscosity among all the oils with shear rates >5 s−1 at 10 °C. The crude rapeseed oils exhibited Newtonian behavior at higher shear rates. The significant difference of viscosity of the six oils was reduced with increasing temperature, and there was no significant change (P > 0.01) among the oils with a shear rate of 100 s−1 at 50 °C. According to the values of Ea, the following order of a change in viscosity was obtained as follows: CMRO > SMRO > HMRO > CLRO > SLRO > HLRO(C, cold pressed; S, solvent extracted; H, hot pressed; M, medium erucic; L, low erucic; RO, rapeseed oil). Minor components may be the contributing factors for the values of Ea of rapeseed oils. The higher shear limiting viscosity (ηc) values calculated by the Casson model decreased as the temperature increased, but no significant change (P > 0.01) was observed for ηc by using different extraction methods at 50 °C.
Diagnosis and treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip in the Netherlands: National questionnaire of paediatric orthopaedic surgeons on current practice in children less than 1 year old
Authors: Heeres Rick H. M. , Witbreuk M. M. E. H. , van der Sluijs J. A. 
Published: July 2011

Purpose There is no consensus in the literature regarding the diagnosis and treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). We designed a national questionnaire to assess the various opinions and current practice of paediatric orthopaedic surgeons in the Netherlands regarding the diagnosis and treatment of DDH in children less than 1 year old. Methods The questionnaire was sent to all members of the Dutch Paediatric Orthopaedic Society (DPOS). It discusses different methods and criteria used in the diagnosis of DDH, the use of different therapies and the use of different imaging techniques to evaluate the result of treatment. Results With 38 responders, the overall response rate to the survey was 67%. Most surgeons use clinical, radiographic and/or ultrasound examination for the diagnosis. The starting point of treatment is usually on the mild part of the DDH spectrum. The Pavlik harness is most popular in the treatment of dislocated hips, whereas in dysplastic hips, most surgeons use a rigid splint. The duration of treatment has a wide range and evaluation of the effect of treatment is predominantly done by radiography. Conclusions The diagnosis and treatment of DDH in the Netherlands has as much diversity as the literature has recommendations about this subject. The lack of consensus on many aspects of DDH diagnosis and treatment should form the basis for a discussion among Dutch paediatric orthopaedic surgeons. Using the available evidence, it should be possible to formulate a more uniform protocol for the diagnosis and treatment of DDH.
Präsentismus: Arbeiten mit eingeschränkter Gesundheit
Authors: Steinke Mika 
Published: July 2011

Einleitung
Nicht jeder, der bei der Arbeit fehlt, ist krank. Und nicht jeder, der am Arbeitsplatz anwesend ist, ist gesund. Angesichts des demographischen Wandels und der damit einhergehenden Zunahme chronischer Erkrankungen wird insbesondere der letztere Fall, Krankheit bei der Arbeit, zunehmend ein Thema – und die hierfür bestehende Bezeichnung Präsentismus erlangt ein stetig wachsendes Interesse.
Sildenafil and Bosentan Improve Arterial Oxygenation During Acute Hypoxic Exercise: A Controlled Laboratory Trial
Authors: Olfert I. Mark , Loeckinger Alexander , Treml Benedikt , Faulhaber Martin , Flatz Markus , Burtscher Martin , Truebsbach Susanne , Kleinsasser Axel 
Published: July 2011

Objectives Sildenafil and, recently, bosentan have been reported to increase arterial saturation and exercise capacity at altitude. The mechanisms behind this are still poorly defined but may be related to attenuation of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) and improved gas exchange. This study was designed to examine and compare the effect of sildenafil and bosentan on pulmonary gas exchange during acute hypoxic exercise in a controlled laboratory setting. Methods Sixteen athletic university students (8 males, 8 females) were examined during exercise in a hypoxic chamber (11% oxygen) before and after the administration of either sildenafil (n=10) or bosentan (n=6). Respiratory and metabolic measurements were taken at rest and during increasing exercise intensity (up to 90% of their individual maximal oxygen uptake [V̇O2max]) in concert with arterial blood gas sampling. Results Both drugs resulted in small, but significant increases in arterial PO2 (2–3 Torr) and O2 saturation (3–4%) at rest and during hypoxic exercise, in both men and women. No significant changes in arterial PCO2 or ventilation were seen at rest or during exercise in hypoxia; however, heart rate (both at rest and during exercise) was increased with both sildenafil and bosentan in both men and women. Conclusions These data demonstrate that sildenafil and bosentan equally improve arterial oxygenation in acute hypoxia in both men and women, which could account for improved physical performance at altitude.
‘Gonzalo Oleas, Defensor’: Cultural Intermediation in Mid-Twentieth-Century Ecuador
Authors: BECKER MARC 
Published: July 2011

AbstractGonzalo Oleas Zambrano was a socialist lawyer from Quito who, from the 1930s to the 1970s, became deeply involved in assisting rural communities in Ecuador with their legal petitions. Intermediaries have a long and varied history in negotiating relationships between the city and the countryside, and one that is often not well understood. At various points in his career Oleas acted like atinterillo, a socialist and anindigenista. An examination of Oleas’ petitions quickly breaks down a simplistic characterisation of his actions and interpretation of his motivation. Rather, his ability to transcend existing categories helps explain why rural litigants so often turned to Oleas for assistance.
Do Exchange Rate Regimes Matter for Inflation and Exchange Rate Dynamics? The Case of Central America
Authors: CAPUTO G. RODRIGO , MAGENDZO IGAL 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis paper makes an empirical contribution to discussion of the optimal exchange rate regime. Using a new dataset for Central American countries, we compare the dynamics of the real exchange rate (RER) between dollarised and non-dollarised countries. Our results show that the two dollarised countries in the region, El Salvador and Panama, are quite different in terms of RER dynamics. In El Salvador the RER spends more time away from its equilibrium level than in the non-dollarised countries in the region, while the contrary is true for Panama. We also find that inflation persistence is similar in El Salvador to the other countries, but smaller in Panama. This leads us to the conclusion that some degree of exchange rate flexibility helps countries to have a more aligned RER. Nevertheless, a long-lived, highly credible dollarised economy, like Panama, can reduce inflation persistence to such an extent that RER misalignments are in fact less frequent than in countries with more flexible exchange rate regimes.
The impact of scaffolding and overhearing on young children's use of the spatial termsbetweenandmiddle
Authors: FOSTER EMILY K. , HUND ALYCIA M. 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTThe primary goal was to specify the impact of scaffolding and overhearing on young children's use of the spatial termsbetweenandmiddle. Four- and five-year-old children described the location of a mouse hidden between two furniture items in a dollhouse with assistance from a parent. Children's use ofbetweenandmiddleincreased significantly across trials, and in concert, parents' directive scaffolding involvingmiddledecreased across trials. In the second study, three common scaffolding types (Between Directive, Middle Directive, non-directive) were compared with a no prompt condition by having children receive prompts from a doll and with overhearing conditions in which children overheard conversations between two adult experimenters containingbetweenormiddle. Children's use ofbetweenandmiddlewas much more frequent following directive prompting than following non-directive prompting, no prompting, or overhearing. Moreover, children showed some evidence of usingbetweenandmiddlein response to non-directive prompting and overhearing.
FRAYED AT THE EDGES: COLLECTIVE MEMORY AND HISTORY ON THE BORDERS OF CLASSIC MAYA POLITIES
Authors: Golden Charles 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis article explores social memory and history as they pertain particularly to secondary political centers on the edges of the Classic Maya kingdoms of Piedras Negras and Yaxchilan. Over the course of the Late Classic period (a.d. 600–900) the rulers of Maya polities in the Usumacinta River basin increasingly relied on the subordinate lords who governed these secondary centers to patrol and control the boundaries of their territories. For the rulers of any state, formulating an appropriate and coherent history to guide social memory is a critical political act for maintaining the cohesion of the political community. But as the Classic period progressed, client lords were increasingly permitted a formerly royal prerogative; they were accorded their own inscribed monuments. The monuments, together with associated ritual performances, were an integral part of the construction of history and collective memory in local communities and allowed secondary nobles to restructure social memory for their own interests. This trend, in turn, increased the potential for royal history and authority to be contested throughout the kingdom. Through several case studies this paper examines the ways that subordinate nobles could contest social memory and history sanctioned by primary rulers and the ways in which kings acted to maintain the reins of history and memory.
RITUAL REMAINS AND COLLECTIVE MEMORY: MAYA EXAMPLES FROM WEST CENTRAL BELIZE
Authors: Schwake Sonja A. , Iannone Gyles 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe idea of collective or social memory is explored in this paper as a way to understand ancient Maya ritual behavior. The theoretical characteristics of collective memory are defined and a strategy to operationalize the theory of collective memory using archaeological remains is presented. Two archaeological examples from the sites of Minanha and Zubin in west central Belize are discussed in terms of how they fit this new model. Finally, the social motivations that underlie this behavior are examined.
SITES OF MEMORY IN THE MAKING: POLITICAL STRATEGIZING IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND DECONSTRUCTION OF PLACE IN LATE TO TERMINAL CLASSIC SOUTHEASTERN MESOAMERICA
Authors: Stockett Miranda 
Published: July 2011

AbstractArchaeological spaces can be viewed as material manifestations of human drama—sites for the production, expression, and manipulation of social life, power, and history. By viewing such spaces as stages for the enactment of processes of social memory, we may further enrich considerations of the interplay of materiality and history. Here I address the insights archaeologists may gain from engaging with theories of social memory by exploring their application to the analysis of settlements occupied during the Late to Terminal Classic period transition (a.d. 650–900) in pre-Columbian southeastern Mesoamerica. I also consider their relevance to community initiatives engaged by archaeologists today. Ultimately, I argue that processes of making, altering, and remaking place are one among many ways that memory may have served as a tool for political strategies and discourses about power.
Transcatheter closure in two rare cases of left-to-right shunt with Cardio-O-Fix occluders
Authors: Bialkowski Jacek , Akdeniz Celal , Celebi Ahmet 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe present two procedures of transcatheter closure: that of an aorto-pulmonary window in a 12-month-old infant with a body weight of 7 kilograms, and that of ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm into the right atrium in an adult patient. In the first case, we applied the muscular ventricular septal defect Cardio-O-Fix, while in the other we applied the patent ductus arteriosus Cardio-O-Fix occluder. The procedures were successful in both patients, and we achieved complete closure of the unwanted shunts.