bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organogel‐Based Emulsion Systems, Micro‐Structural Features and Impact on In Vitro Digestion
Authors: Duffy Nicola , Blonk Han C. G. , Beindorff Christiaan M. , Cazade Magali , Bot Arjen , Duchateau Guus S. M. J. E. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractOrganogels based on edible oils and specific mixtures of phytosterols can serve as structured systems with a low saturated fat content. These low‐SAFA organogels can be used also to create o/w emulsions. Little is known about the structures formed in these specific organogels and at the emulsion interface. We studied o/w organogels on different length scales to describe and understand their micro‐structural features. Very basic processing conditions such as composition, temperature and storage time were taken into account. Two different types of structure were observed; at the smallest scale, long thin crystals are formed out of the oil phase into the continuous water phase. We propose that these are needle‐like crystals. Next, tube‐like structures are identified and can be visualized as tubular micelles. A model is proposed which fits the dimension (~7 nm) with the length scale of the molecular building blocks (TAGs and sterols). As edible fats from food products are enzymatically hydrolyzed in the gut prior to absorption, we also looked into the impact on the lipase reaction speed. Simple in vitro enzymatic hydrolysis experiments showed a slower enzymatic digestion. Organogel systems and emulsion made thereof have interesting food structuring properties with possible advantages in composition (low SAFA) and digestion speed.
Yin and Yang: CCN3 inhibits the pro‐fibrotic effects of CCN2
Authors: Leask Andrew 
Published: May 2009

AbstractFibrotic disease is a significant cause of mortality. CCN2 (connective tissue growth factor [CTGF]), a member of the CCN family of matricellular proteins, plays a significant role in driving the fibrogenic effects of cytokines such as transforming growth factor β (TGFβ). It has been proposed that other members of the CCN family can either promote or antagonize the action of CCN2, depending on the context. A recent elegant study published by Bruce Riser and colleagues (Am J Pathol. 174:1725–34, 2009) illustrates that CCN3 (nov) antagonizes the fibrogenic effects of CCN2. This paper, the subject of this commentary, raises the intriguing possibility that CCN3 may be used as a novel anti‐fibrotic therapy.
Partial regularity results up to the boundary for harmonic maps into a Finsler manifold
Authors: Tachikawa Atsushi 
Published: May 2009

We study the energy functional for maps from a Riemannian

m

-manifold

M

into a Finsler space

N=(\mathbb{R}^{n},F)

. Under the restriction

2⩽m⩽4

, we prove the full Hölder regularity of weakly harmonic maps (i.e., weak solutions of its Euler–Lagrange equation) from

M

to

N

in the case that the Finsler structure

F(u,X)

depends only on vectors

X

, and a partial Hölder regularity of energy minimizing maps in general cases.

Résumé

Nous étudions la fonctionnelle d'énergie pour les applications d'une variété riemannienne

M

dans un espace de Finsler

N=(\mathbb{R}^{n},F)

. Sous la restriction

2⩽m⩽4

, nous prouvons la régularité de Hölder complète des applications faiblement harmoniques (i.e. solutions faibles de son équation d'Euler–Lagrange) de

M

à

N

dans le cas où la structure de Finsler

F(u,X)

dépend seulement des vecteurs

X

, et nous prouvons une régularité de Hölder partielle des minimiseurs de l'énergie dans le cas général.
Feline Herpesvirus Infection: ABCD Guidelines on Prevention and Management
Authors: Thiry Etienne , Addie Diane , Belák Sándor , Boucraut-Baralon Corine , Egberink Herman , Frymus Tadeusz , Gruffydd-Jones Tim , Hartmann Katrin , Hosie Margaret J , Lloret Albert , Lutz Hans , Marsilio Fulvio , Pennisi Maria Grazia , Radford Alan D , Truyen Uwe , Horzinek Marian C 
Published: May 2009

Overview Feline viral rhinotracheitis, caused by feline herpesvirus (FHV), is an upper respiratory tract disease that is often associated with feline calicivirus and bacteria. In most cats, FHV remains latent after recovery, and they become lifelong virus carriers. Stress or corticosteroid treatment may lead to virus reactivation and shedding in oronasal and conjunctival secretions.Infection Sick cats shed FHV in oral, nasal and conjunctival secretions; shedding may last for 3 weeks. Infection requires direct contact with a shedding cat.Disease signs Feline herpesvirus infections cause acute rhinitis and conjunctivitis, usually accompanied by fever, depression and anorexia. Affected cats may also develop typical ulcerative, dendritic keratitis.Diagnosis Samples consist of conjunctival, corneal or oropharyngeal swabs, corneal scrapings or biopsies. It is not recommended that cats recently vaccinated with a modified-live virus vaccine are sampled. Positive PCR results should be interpreted with caution, as they may be produced by low-level shedding or viral latency.Disease management ‘Tender loving care’ from the owner, supportive therapy and good nursing are essential. Anorexic cats should be fed blended, highly palatable food - warmed up if required. Mucolytic drugs (eg, bromhexine) or nebulisation with saline may offer relief. Broad-spectrum antibiotics should be given to prevent secondary bacterial infections. Topical antiviral drugs may be used for the treatment of acute FHV ocular disease. The virus is labile and susceptible to most disinfectants, antiseptics and detergents.
Feline Leukaemia: ABCD Guidelines on Prevention and Management
Authors: Lutz Hans , Addie Diane , Belák Sándor , Boucraut-Baralon Corine , Egberink Herman , Frymus Tadeusz , Gruffydd-Jones Tim , Hartmann Katrin , Hosie Margaret J , Lloret Albert , Marsilio Fulvio , Pennisi Maria Grazia , Radford Alan D , Thiry Etienne , Truyen Uwe , Horzinek Marian C 
Published: May 2009

Overview Feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) is a retrovirus that may induce depression of the immune system, anaemia and/or lymphoma. Over the past 25 years, the prevalence of FeLV infection has decreased considerably, thanks both to reliable tests for the identification of viraemic carriers and to effective vaccines.Infection Transmission between cats occurs mainly through friendly contacts, but also through biting. In large groups of non-vaccinated cats, around 30–40% will develop persistent viraemia, 30–40% show transient viraemia and 20–30% seroconvert. Young kittens are especially susceptible to FeLV infection.Disease signs The most common signs of persistent FeLV viraemia are immune suppression, anaemia and lymphoma. Less common signs are immune-mediated disease, chronic enteritis, reproductive disorders and peripheral neuropathies. Most persistently viraemic cats die within 2–3 years.Diagnosis In low-prevalence areas there may be a risk of false-positive results; a doubtful positive test result in a healthy cat should therefore be confirmed, preferably by PCR for provirus. Asymptomatic FeLV-positive cats should be retested.Disease management Supportive therapy and good nursing care are required. Secondary infections should be treated promptly. Cats infected with FeLV should remain indoors. Vaccination against common pathogens should be maintained. Inactivated vaccines are recommended. The virus does not survive for long outside the host.
Feline Immunodeficiency: ABCD Guidelines on Prevention and Management
Authors: Hosie Margaret J , Addie Diane , Belák Sándor , Boucraut-Baralon Corine , Egberink Herman , Frymus Tadeusz , Gruffydd-Jones Tim , Hartmann Katrin , Lutz Hans , Marsilio Fulvio , Pennisi Maria Grazia , Radford Alan D , Thiry Etienne , Truyen Uwe , Horzinek Marian C , Lloret Albert 
Published: May 2009

Overview Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a retrovirus closely related to human immunodeficiency virus. Most felids are susceptible to FIV, but humans are not. Feline immunodeficiency virus is endemic in domestic cat populations worldwide. The virus loses infectivity quickly outside the host and is susceptible to all disinfectants.Infection Feline immunodeficiency virus is transmitted via bites. The risk of transmission is low in households with socially well-adapted cats. Transmission from mother to kittens may occur, especially if the queen is undergoing an acute infection. Cats with FIV are persistently infected in spite of their ability to mount antibody and cell-mediated immune responses.Disease signs Infected cats generally remain free of clinical signs for several years, and some cats never develop disease, depending on the infecting isolate. Most clinical signs are the consequence of immunodeficiency and secondary infection. Typical manifestations are chronic gingivostomatitis, chronic rhinitis, lymphadenopathy, weight loss and immune-mediated glomerulonephritis.Diagnosis Positive in-practice ELISA results obtained in a low-prevalence or low-risk population should always be confirmed by a laboratory. Western blot is the ‘gold standard’ laboratory test for FIV serology. PCR-based assays vary in performance.Disease management Cats should never be euthanased solely on the basis of an FIV-positive test result. Cats infected with FIV may live as long as uninfected cats, with appropriate management. Asymptomatic FIV-infected cats should be neutered to avoid fighting and virus transmission. Infected cats should receive regular veterinary health checks. They can be housed in the same ward as other patients, but should be kept in individual cages.
Hochschild cohomology of II1 factors with Cartan maximal abelian subalgebras
Authors: Cameron Jan M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn this paper we prove that, for a type-II1 factor N with a Cartan maximal abelian subalgebra, the Hochschild cohomology groups Hn(N,N)=0 for all n≥1. This generalizes the result of Sinclair and Smith, who proved this for all N having a separable predual.
On graded centres and block cohomology
Authors: Linckelmann Markus 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe extend the group theoretic notions of transfer and stable elements to graded centres of triangulated categories. When applied to the centre Z*(Db(B) of the derived bounded category of a block algebra B we show that the block cohomology H*(B) is isomorphic to a quotient of a certain subalgebra of stable elements of Z*(Db(B)) by some nilpotent ideal, and that a quotient of Z*(Db(B)) by some nilpotent ideal is Noetherian over H*(B).
Direct and converse results for q-Bernstein operators
Authors: Finta Zoltán 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDirect and converse theorems are established for the q-Bernstein polynomials introduced by G. M. Phillips. The direct approximation theorems are given for the second-order Ditzian–Totik modulus of smoothness. The converse results are theorems of Berens–Lorentz type.
Moral Order in the Western Tradition: Harry Jaffa's Grand Synthesis of Athens, Jerusalem, and Peoria
Authors: Kraynak Robert P. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractHarry V. Jaffa has inspired a generation of students in American political thought by defending the natural rights principles of the Declaration of Independence and of Abraham Lincoln. Jaffa is also a defender of Leo Strauss's idea of a “political science of natural right,” which Strauss drew primarily from classical Greek political philosophy. Jaffa's efforts to defend the several strands of the Western natural right tradition led him to develop a grand synthesis of “Athens, Jerusalem, and Peoria,” which I argue is a noble but untenable way of upholding the moral order of the West—and a departure from the intentions of Leo Strauss.
Egypt under Muʿāwiya Part II: Middle Egypt, Fusṭāṭ and Alexandria
Authors: Foss Clive 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe first part of this paper discussed a large collection of documents from Upper Egypt illustrative of society and economy in the time of Muʿāwiya. Here, further papyri, of pagarchs of Arsinoe, present supplementary information about grain production, taxation, great estates, the postal service and the role of the church in the local economy. Information about Fusṭāṭ and Alexandria depends on literary sources and archaeology. Fusṭāṭ, which started as a camp, became more organized and controlled under Muʿāwiya's governors when the main shipyard was moved there. Alexandria, despite romantic descriptions, was at least partly ruined. Like Fusṭāṭ, it was the seat of a major garrison. Taken together, the evidence from Egypt shows much administrative continuity from Byzantine times, but with important new taxes and requisitions and a tighter central control. It suggests that Muʿāwiya ran a sophisticated and effective state.
The sanctuary of Shaykh ʿAdī at Lalish: Centre of pilgrimage of the Yezidis
Authors: Açıkyıldız Birgül 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe sanctuary of Shaykh ʿAdī, the only monumental complex of the Yezidis, lies at Lalish, 35 kilometres north of Mosul, in Iraqi Kurdistan. It is dedicated to its founder, Shaykh ʿAdī (d. 1162). Although it has been suggested that it was converted from a Christian monastery, Arabic sources and architectural analysis indicate that it may originally have been thezāwiyawhere Shaykh ʿAdī and his disciples retired to meditate. After his death, the sanctuary grew up around his tomb and became a centre of pilgrimage. It is a large complex containing buildings of different sizes and functions. It was not conceived as a centrally planned structure and its different parts were added progressively as and when circumstances dictated. The dominant architectural style is derived from that which characterizes the twelfth–thirteenth-century Shiite buildings of Mosul, and was continued by the Yezidis until the present day.
Bat wings, bunions, and turkey wattles: body transgressions and older women's strategic clothing choices
Authors: CLARKE LAURA HURD , GRIFFIN MERIDITH , MALIHA KATHERINE 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper examines older women's experiences and perceptions of clothing prescriptions for adults in later life. Using data from in-depth interviews with 36 women aged 71 to 93 years, we investigate the stringent, taken-for-granted social norms that older women identified with respect to appropriate fashion for the ageing female body. Specifically, the participants argued that older women should refrain from wearing bright colours and revealing or overly suggestive styles. Expressing a preference for classic or traditional styles, the women also reported that they used clothing strategically to mask or compensate for bodily transgressions that had occurred over time as a result of the physical realities of ageing, including weight gain, altered body shapes, wrinkles and sagging or ‘flabby’ arms and necks, referred to respectively as ‘bat wings’ and ‘turkey wattles’. In addition, the women contended that they consciously chose their clothing styles to compensate for age-related health issues and/or to present a competent, healthy self to others. Finally, the women talked about the ways in which their clothing choices were influenced by their changing lifestyles and constrained by a lack of desirable and affordable clothing options for the older female body. The findings are discussed in the light of Erving Goffman's concept of stigma and contemporary theorising about ageing, ageism, beauty work and the body.
The challenges of the new institutional environment: an Australian case study of older volunteers in the contemporary non-profit sector
Authors: WARBURTON JENI , McDONALD CATHERINE 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACTIncreased emphasis on efficiency and regulation is changing the nature of the non-profit sector in western countries. In this paper, we explore the impact of these contemporary changes on older, more traditional volunteers. Specifically, we use neo-institutional theory as a framework to explore the micro-effect of these processes in one large, multi-service non-profit organisation in Australia. The findings of an ethnographic study are presented using an analytical template comprising: (1) the observational space; (2) the conversational order; (3) the content of talk; and (4) areas of resistance. Findings from these categories provided evidence of two institutional orders – one a traditional way of operating consistent with a charity model, and the other, a new, dominant approach driven by market forces. It was found that older, more traditional volunteers struggled to maintain the old order as well as to make the transition to the new order. If organisations are to benefit from a pool of potential volunteers and if older people are to benefit from the social and health advantages associated with productive ageing, there are important implications in these findings. Older people are able to make a successful transition to the new order, but organisations need to be more proactive in facilitating the change. In particular, organisations need to reject ageist cultures and practices, provide training and skills development, and to work collaboratively with older people.
Intra- and interspecific variation in wood density and fine-scale spatial distribution of stand-level wood density in a northern Thai tropical montane forest
Authors: Sungpalee Witchaphart , Itoh Akira , Kanzaki Mamoru , Sri-ngernyuang Kriangsak , Noguchi Hideyuki , Mizuno Takashi , Teejuntuk Sakhan , Hara Masatoshi , Chai-udom Kwanchai , Ohkubo Tatsuhiro , Sahunalu Pongsak , Dhanmmanonda Pricha , Nanami Satoshi , Yamakura Takuo , Sorn-ngai Anan 
Published: May 2009

Abstract:Tropical tree wood density is often related to other species-specific functional traits, e.g. size, growth rate and mortality. We would therefore expect significant associations within tropical forests between the spatial distributions of stand-level wood density and micro-environments when interspecific variation in wood density is larger than intraspecific variation and when habitat-based species assembly is important in the forest. In this study, we used wood cores collected from 515 trees of 72 species in a 15-ha plot in northern Thailand to analyse intra- and interspecific variation in wood density and the spatial association of stand-level wood density. Intraspecific variation was lower than interspecific variation (20% vs. 80% of the total variation), indicating that species-specific differences in wood density, rather than phenotypic plasticity, are the major source of variation in wood density at the study site. Wood density of individual species was significantly negatively related to maximum diameter, growth rate of sapling diameter and mortality of saplings. Stand-level mean wood density was significantly negatively related to elevation, slope convexity, sapling growth rate and sapling mortality, and positively related to slope inclination. East-facing slopes had significantly lower stand-level mean wood densities than west-facing slopes. We hypothesized that ridges and east-facing slopes in the study forest experience strong and frequent wind disturbance, and that this severe impact may lead to faster stand turnover, creating conditions that favour fast-growing species with low wood density.
A valid two-item food security questionnaire for screening HIV-1 infected patients in a clinical setting
Authors: Young Jessica , Jeganathan Sarangapany , Houtzager Louise , Di Guilmi Aaron , Purnomo Julianita 
Published: May 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo validate a two-item food security questionnaire (FSQ) for use in a clinical setting to screen HIV-1 infected patients for food insecurity.DesignThe present study was a questionnaire-based survey of forty-nine subjects attending an HIV clinic. Subjects completed a two-item questionnaire and a six-item validated FSQ contemporaneously.ResultsA strong correlation was found between the two-item and six-item FSQ (ρ = 0·895; 95 % CI 0·821, 0·940; P < 0·0001). Cronbach's α coefficient was found to be 0·94 and 0·90 for the two-item and six-item FSQ, respectively. The two-item FSQ yielded a sensitivity of 100 % (95 % CI 75, 100) and a specificity of 78 % (95 % CI 61, 90). The negative predictive value was found to be 100 % (95 % CI 88, 100).ConclusionsThe results of the present study suggest that the two-item FSQ is a valid, reliable and sensitive screening tool of food insecurity in people living with HIV in a clinical setting.
Life without light: microbial diversity and evidence of sulfur- and ammonium-based chemolithotrophy in Movile Cave
Authors: Chen Yin , Wu Liqin , Boden Rich , Hillebrand Alexandra , Kumaresan Deepak , Moussard Hélène , Baciu Mihai , Lu Yahai , Colin Murrell J 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Microbial diversity in Movile Cave (Romania) was studied using bacterial and archaeal 16S rRNA gene sequence and functional gene analyses, including ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO), soxB (sulfate thioesterase/thiohydrolase) and amoA (ammonia monooxygenase). Sulfur oxidizers from both Gammaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria were detected in 16S rRNA, soxB and RuBisCO gene libraries. DNA-based stable-isotope probing analyses using 13C-bicarbonate showed that Thiobacillus spp. were most active in assimilating CO2 and also implied that ammonia and nitrite oxidizers were active during incubations. Nitrosomonas spp. were detected in both 16S rRNA and amoA gene libraries from the ‘heavy’ DNA and sequences related to nitrite-oxidizing bacteria Nitrospira and Candidatus ‘Nitrotoga’ were also detected in the ‘heavy’ DNA, which suggests that ammonia/nitrite oxidation may be another major primary production process in this unique ecosystem. A significant number of sequences associated with known methylotrophs from the Betaproteobacteria were obtained, including Methylotenera, Methylophilus and Methylovorus, supporting the view that cycling of one-carbon compounds may be an important process within Movile Cave. Other sequences detected in the bacterial 16S rRNA clone library included Verrucomicrobia, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, alphaproteobacterial Rhodobacterales and gammaproteobacterial Xanthomonadales. Archaeal 16S rRNA sequences retrieved were restricted within two groups, namely the Deep-sea Hydrothermal Vent Euryarchaeota group and the Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotic group. No sequences related to known sulfur-oxidizing archaea, ammonia-oxidizing archaea, methanogens or anaerobic methane-oxidizing archaea were detected in this clone library. The results provided molecular biological evidence to support the hypothesis that Movile Cave is driven by chemolithoautotrophy, mainly through sulfur oxidation by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria and reveal that ammonia- and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria may also be major primary producers in Movile Cave.
Trafficking of Murine Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells in Health and Vascular Disease
Authors: SCHULZ CHRISTIAN , VON ANDRIAN ULRICH H. , MASSBERG STEFFEN 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACTHematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) possess the unique capacity for self‐renewal and differentiation into various hematopoietic cell lineages. Here we summarize the processes that underlie their mobilization and directed migration from bone marrow into peripheral tissues and back to the bone marrow compartment. We specifically focus on the potential role of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) migration in vascular diseases and review data from recent studies on mice. A better understanding of the mechanisms that guide HSPCs to vascular tissues will be critical for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to prevent or reverse cardiovascular diseases.
A NEW FAMILY OF MULTISTEP METHODS WITH IMPROVED PHASE-LAG CHARACTERISTICS FOR THE INTEGRATION OF ORBITAL PROBLEMS
Authors: Vlachos D. S. , Anastassi Z. A. , Simos T. E. 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT
In this paper, we introduce a new family of 10-step linear multistep methods for the integration of orbital problems. The new methods are constructed by adopting a new methodology which improves the phase-lag characteristics by vanishing both the phase-lag function and its first derivatives at a specific frequency. The efficiency of the new family of methods is proved via error analysis and numerical applications.