bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Virus-Induced Gene Silencing Screen Identifies a Role for Thylakoid Formation1 in Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato Symptom Development in Tomato and Arabidopsis
Authors: Wangdi Tamding , Uppalapati Srinivasa Rao , Nagaraj Satish , Ryu Choong-Min , Bender Carol L. , Mysore Kirankumar S. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000), which causes disease in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), produces coronatine (COR), a non-host-specific phytotoxin. COR, which functions as a jasmonate mimic, is required for full virulence of Pst DC3000 and for the induction of chlorosis in host plants. Previous genetic screens based on insensitivity to COR and/or methyl jasmonate identified several potential targets for COR and methyl jasmonate. In this study, we utilized Nicotianabenthamiana and virus-induced gene silencing to individually reduce the expression of over 4,000 genes. The silenced lines of N. benthamiana were then screened for altered responses to purified COR. Using this forward genetics approach, several genes were identified with altered responses to COR. These were designated as ALC (for altered COR response) genes. When silenced, one of the identified genes, ALC1, produced a hypersensitive/necrosis-like phenotype upon COR application in a Coronatine-Insensitive1 (COI1)-dependent manner. To understand the involvement of ALC1 during the Pst DC3000-host interaction, we used the nucleotide sequence of ALC1 and identified its ortholog in Arabidopsis (Thylakoid Formation1 [THF1]) and tomato (SlALC1). In pathogenicity assays performed on Arabidopsis thf1 mutant and SlALC1-silenced tomato plants, Pst DC3000 induced accelerated coalescing necrotic lesions. Furthermore, we showed that COR affects ALC1 localization in chloroplasts in a COI1-dependent manner. In conclusion, our results show that the virus-induced gene silencing-based forward genetic screen has the potential to identify new players in COR signaling and disease-associated necrotic cell death.
Postembryonic Seedling Lethality in the Sterol-Deficient Arabidopsiscyp51A2Mutant Is Partially Mediated by the Composite Action of Ethylene and Reactive Oxygen Species
Authors: Kim Ho Bang , Lee Hyoungseok , Oh Chang Jae , Lee Hae-Youn , Eum Hyang Lan , Kim Hyung-Sae , Hong Yoon-Pyo , Lee Yi , Choe Sunghwa , An Chung Sun , Choi Sang-Bong 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSeedling-lethal phenotypes of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants that are defective in early steps in the sterol biosynthetic pathway are not rescued by the exogenous application of brassinosteroids. The detailed molecular and physiological mechanisms of seedling lethality have yet to be understood. Thus, to elucidate the underlying mechanism of lethality, we analyzed transcriptome and proteome profiles of the cyp51A2 mutant that is defective in sterol 14α-demethylation. Results revealed that the expression levels of genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis/signaling and detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased in the mutant compared with the wild type and, thereby, that the endogenous ethylene level also increased in the mutant. Consistently, the seedling-lethal phenotype of the cyp51A2 mutant was partly attenuated by the inhibition of ethylene biosynthesis or signaling. However, photosynthesis-related genes including Rubisco large subunit, chlorophyll a/b-binding protein, and components of photosystems were transcriptionally and/or translationally down-regulated in the mutant, accompanied by the transformation of chloroplasts into gerontoplasts and a reduction in both chlorophyll contents and photosynthetic activity. These characteristics observed in the cyp51A2 mutant resemble those of leaf senescence. Nitroblue tetrazolium staining data revealed that the mutant was under oxidative stress due to the accumulation of ROS, a key factor controlling both programmed cell death and ethylene production. Our results suggest that changes in membrane sterol contents and composition in the cyp51A2 mutant trigger the generation of ROS and ethylene and eventually induce premature seedling senescence.
In field electrochemical evaluation of carbon steel corrosion in a marine test environment
Authors: Nan Luo Ya , Zhe Song Shi , Xian Jin Wei , Han Lei 
Published: November 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to research electrochemical testing technology as applied to in field corrosion evaluation of metallic materials and to study the corrosion behaviors of the materials exposed in different marine regions.Design/methodology/approachThe electrode systems for in field electrochemical evaluation of metallic samples are designed and applied to monitor two types of carbon steel samples exposed both in the submerged zone and the tidal zone at a marine corrosion test station. Corrosion potential monitoring, potentiostatic square wave, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and electrochemical noise methods are used in the test.FindingsIt is confirmed that the electrode systems could be used for electrochemical measurement of metallic samples during exposure in the submerged zone and the tidal zone of a marine corrosion test station for long‐term test durations. The electrochemical measuring results reflect the changes and differences of the samples' corrosion behavior during exposure in different regions and they respond directly to the influence of marine environmental factors on the corrosion behaviors, especially the influence of temperature.Originality/valueIn this paper, lots of consecutive and dynamic corrosion information is obtained from field exposures. The findings provide a foundation upon which to investigate and forecast the corrosion behaviors of materials in marine environments.
Effect of localized corrosion on the galvanic corrosion of nitinol and dental alloys
Authors: Afshar Abdollah , Shirazi Mohsen , Rahman Masoud , Fakheri Esmaeil 
Published: November 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the galvanic corrosion of nitinol orthodontic wires with six dental alloys in artificial saliva and consider the effect of initiated localized corrosion and real surfaces of anode and cathode on galvanic current.Design/methodology/approachLinear polarization and cyclic polarization curves for each alloy in de‐aerated Duffo and Castillo's artificial saliva are obtained. Galvanic corrosion investigation is conducted by polarization curve intersection and mixed potential theory methods. In order to verify the initiation of localized corrosion, scanning electron microscopy is used.FindingsInitiation of localized corrosion on the anode increases the galvanic current up to 45 times and therefore considering the effect of localized corrosion on galvanic corrosion is necessary. Placing stainless steel brackets or Aristaloy amalgam in direct contact to nitinol arch wire is not recommended.Originality/valueIn order not to underestimate the galvanic corrosion between two alloys, it is recommended to consider the effects of localized corrosion and anode/cathode surface area ratio. In this paper, an electrochemical method for estimating these factors is proposed.
Emotional labour in librarians' instructional work
Authors: Julien Heidi , Genuis Shelagh K. 
Published: November 2009

PurposeLibrary staff are experiencing increased work role complexity as they move from being service providers towards greater instructional roles, providing bibliographic instruction, user education, and information literacy instruction. The purpose of this paper is to explore how library staff relate to their instructional roles and the implications of those self‐understandings for instructional outcomes.Design/methodology/approachData collected from qualitative interviews with library staff in Canadian academic and public libraries and diary entries written over a three‐month period were analyzed using NVivo software and an open‐coding, grounded‐theory approach. The study took a phenomenological perspective and was influenced by constructivist sociological role theory.FindingsData analysis revealed the central place of affect in the experiences of librarians engaged in instructional work, and brought focus to the relational aspects of this work and the affective impact of visibility/invisibility of instructional outcomes. A prominent theme was the expression of “emotional labour”; participants used a variety of methods to manage this occupational stressor as they experienced it within the context of instructional work.Practical implicationsIndividuals and organizations will benefit from considering the influence of affect on library staff. Those who educate librarians should seek to improve understanding of affect and its impact on instruction; organizations will benefit from addressing the emotional labour performed as a part of the teaching role.Originality/valueThe study draws attention to the affective experiences of library staff. This is the first research article in the LIS literature to explore emotional labour as it relates to librarians.
References to e‐texts in academic publications
Authors: Sukovic Suzana 
Published: November 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore roles of electronic texts (e‐texts) in research enquiry in literary and historical studies, and to deepen the understanding of the nature of scholars' engagement with e‐texts as primary materials. The study includes an investigation of references to e‐texts and discussions about researchers' citation practices in interviews.Design/methodology/approachQualitative methodology was used to explore scholars' interactions with e‐texts in 30 research projects. A combination of quantitative and qualitative methods was used to examine citations and any other acknowledgments of e‐texts in participants' prepublications and published works. In‐depth semi‐structured interviews provided data for findings about researchers' citation practices.FindingsFormal acknowledgments of e‐texts do not represent the depth and breadth of researchers' interactions with e‐texts. Assessments of the relevance and trustworthiness of e‐texts, as well as considerations of disciplinary cultures, had some impact on researchers' citation practices.Research limitations/implicationsThe study was based on in‐depth data‐gathering from a small group of participants. It does not have any statistical significance and the findings cannot be generalized, but comparisons with other scholars in literary and historical studies are possible. The study indicated a need for further investigation of changing academic practices in general and citation practices in particular.Practical implicationsThe findings have implications for the development of standards and institutional support for research in the humanities.Originality/valueThe study provides new insights into the phenomenon of a very small number of citations of electronic sources in publications in the humanities, and considers issues related to citations from the perspective of changing academic cultures.
Research knowledge transfer through business‐driven student assignment
Authors: Sas Corina 
Published: November 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a knowledge transfer method that capitalises on both research and teaching dimensions of academic work. It also aims to propose a framework for evaluating the impact of such a method on the involved stakeholders.Design/methodology/approachThe case study outlines and evaluates the six‐stage process of addressing a business‐driven problem through translating it into a research question addressable by students in their learning context. The stakeholders involved in this process are: an academic who is also the process coordinator; her students who are involved in a Master by Research programme; and a small size enterprise (SME).FindingsThis approach to knowledge transfer offers clear benefits for all its stakeholders. It provides the company with research solutions that can be used to improve the profitability and increase the company competence base. The academic benefits from leading students' research and enabling a better teaching/learning process, while students benefit from learning by doing which involves applying research knowledge and skills in an industrial project. Apart form these benefits the paper also highlights the lessons learned and the understanding gained into how this approach can be successfully replicated.Research limitations/implicationsThe case study approach undertaken for this exploratory research cannot ensure the generalisation of the study findings.Originality/valueTraditionally, knowledge transfer has exploited the research component of academic work while neglecting the potential of its teaching component. By exploring the synergy between research and teaching, the proposed method not only enables research knowledge transfer, but it also leads to better quality of the teaching process.
Stochastic analysis on time scales
Authors: Jinbo Wang , Shiguo Peng 
Published: November 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to define the related concepts and theorems about the second moment process in stochastic analysis on time scales.Design/methodology/approachThe study on stochastic analysis now includes two special conditions, namely discrete and continual conditions. However, in some cases, conditions are time scales, so that a new concept, namely stochastic analysis on time scales, is needed. Applying the time scales theory to the second moment process in stochastic analysis, related concept foundation of stochastic analysis on time scales has been established.FindingsThe need for the theory about stochastic analysis on time scales is recognized.Practical implicationsThis is a very useful theory in related fields in future.Originality/valueStochastic analysis on time scales expand applying fields of stochastic analysis, and will be helpful to related fields.
Analysis of non‐Rayleigh reverberation model with ocean experiment data in coastal area
Authors: Wang Qiang , Gong Xianyi 
Published: November 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to improve active sonar detection performance in shallow water. A stochastic‐like model multivariate elliptically contoured (MEC) distributions is defined to model reverberation, which helps to reveal structure information of target signatures.Design/methodology/approachActive sonar systems have been developed with wider transmission bandwidths and larger aperture receiving array, which improve the signal‐to‐noise ratio and reverberation power ratio after matched filtering and beamforming. But, it has changed the statistical distribution of the reverberation‐induced envelope from the traditionally assumed Rayleigh distribution. The MEC is a kind of generalized non‐Gaussian distribution model. The authors theoretically derive the compound Gaussian, Rayleigh‐mixture, Weibull, K distributions are all special cases of MEC. It is known that Weibull and K distributions have obvious heavy‐tail than Rayleigh distribution. MEC is a suitable model to characterize non‐Rayleigh heavy‐tailed distribution of reverberation.FindingsThe analysis of test data shows reverberation envelopes obviously deviate Rayleigh distribution. In a broad non‐Gaussian framework, reverberation is modelled as MEC distribution, which is suitable to characterize non‐Rayleigh reverberation. The received data in trials validate the effectiveness of MEC model. The real data envelops follows K distribution, which is a special case of MEC. So, the MEC can be applied to develop novel signal‐processing algorithms that mitigate or account for the effects of the heavy‐tailed reverberation distributions on the target detection.Research limitations/implicationsThe limited sea test data are the main limitation to prove model validation in further.Practical implicationsA very useful model for representing reverberation in shallow‐water.Originality/valueThe MECs in fact represent an attractive set data model for adaptive array, and it provides a theoretic framework to design an optimal or sub‐optimal detector.
Research on the multiple transformation property of a series of grey models
Authors: Xie Nai‐Ming , Liu Si‐Feng 
Published: November 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the parameters' properties of GM(n, h) model on the basis of multiple transformation and the relationship of GM(n, h) model and other grey models.Design/methodology/approachMultiple transformation property of parameters is important to construct a grey model. However, there is no research on the property of GM(n, h) model, therefore it is meaningful to study the relationship between GM(n, h) model and other grey models.FindingsThe multiple transformation property of parameters of GM(n, h) model is recognized. The parameters' value is dependent on multiple transformation value. The values of simulative and predicative are only dependent to the multiple transformation of the main variable and independent to other variables.Research limitations/implicationsThe properties of other grey models could be obtained by analyzing the property of GM(n, h) model.Practical implicationsIt is a very useful result for constructing a grey model.Originality/valueThis paper discusses multiple transformation property of GM(n, h) model and the relationship between the GM(n, h) model and other grey models. These grey models are put into a common model and the affections that parameters' multiple transformation caused to the model are studied.
An FPTAS for SM‐CELS problem with monotone cost functions
Authors: Xu Jianteng , Zhang Qingpu , Bai Qingguo 
Published: November 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to find the best approximation algorithm for solving the more general case of single‐supplier multi‐retailer capacitated economic lot‐sizing (SM‐CELS) problem in deterministic inventory theory, which is the non‐deterministic polynomial (NP)‐hard problem.Design/methodology/approachSince few theoretical results have been published on polynomial time approximation algorithms for SM‐CELS problems, this paper develops a fully polynomial time approximation scheme (FPTAS) for the problem with monotone production and holding‐backlogging cost functions. First the optimal solution of a rounded problem is presented as the approximate solution and its straightforward dynamic‐programming (DP) algorithm. Then the straightforward DP algorithm is converted into an FPTAS by exploiting combinatorial properties of the recursive function.FindingsAn FPTAS is designed for the SM‐CELS problem with monotone cost functions, which is the strongest polynomial time approximation result.Research limitations/implicationsThe main limitation is that the supplier only manufactures without holding any products when the model is applied.Practical implicationsThe paper presents the best result for the SM‐CELS problem in deterministic inventory theory.Originality/valueThe LP‐rounding technique, an effective approach to design approximation algorithms for NP‐hard problems, is successfully applied to the SM‐CELS problem in this paper.
Research on insulation detection of insulator strings with fuzzy logical reasoning method
Authors: Xu Xiaoning , Nie Yixiong , Peng Xiangang 
Published: November 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to introduce the realizing process of the fuzzy logical reasoning method in relation to the insulation detection of insulator strings, especially about the establishment of the fuzzy relation matrix.Design/methodology/approachUtilizing fuzzy logical reasoning method, the online fault diagnosis of the transmission line insulator strings can be realized efficiently, although the insulation status of the insulator strings is influenced by many factors and the relation between the measured electric parameters about the insulator with the degree of the deterioration is ambiguous.FindingsUtilizing the pattern recognition method to build the fuzzy relation matrix after choosing the probability of the corona current, the root‐mean‐square value and the peak value and the pulse frequency of the leakage current as the fuzzy operating input variables, using the fuzzy reasoning method to estimate the insulation status proves to be a practical approach.Practical implicationsThe experiments verify the correctness of this method by simulating work conditions of insulator strings on an 110 kV transmission line.Originality/valueThis paper proves that using the fuzzy reasoning method to estimate the insulation status of the online insulator strings is a practical approach. The results of the laboratory and the field tests verify the correctness of this approach and the validity of the identification method to build the fuzzy relation matrix.
Pansystems variation theory and its application to computer science
Authors: Yu Lihua , Xu Yuanli , Shi Qing 
Published: November 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to establish the framework of pansystems variation theory (PVT) and discuss its principles, models, methods, and related applications to computer science.Design/methodology/approachThe PVT has been established based on the traditional variation theory from the viewpoint of pansystems theory. The theoretical foundation of PVT is pansystems variational principle. It is an interpretation or a specialized expression of relative objective regularity in the variation of things. The application layer of PVT is pansystems variational operations research (PVOR).FindingsThe applications of PVT for computer science can be summarized as actualizations of PVOR: V−d(xy)=*0*/PRR′P′/0**.Originality/valueSome new ideas of PVT can illuminate the researches of computer science.
Grey correlation method in the decision of bridge design plans
Authors: Zhan Hao , Fang Qinhan , Chen Weizhen 
Published: November 2009

PurposeBridge plans are a complicated grey system. It depends on various natural and social factors. The purpose of this paper is to provide a scientific method for optimization of bridge construction plan.Design/methodology/approachGrey relational analysis (GRA) is completely new analysis method has been proposed in the grey system theory. Grey relational order can be used to describe the relation between the related factors based on data series rather than linear relation and typical distribution. First, this paper describes the basic steps and formulae of GRA. Then provides an example to show how to select best bridge construction plan with the method. Specially discusses significant influence of weight selection on decision making for a bridge plan.FindingsThe optimization of bridge construction plan will be selected more reasonable and more objective with the method GRA.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper will be further studied on how to quantify indicators more objectively and how to decide weight factor more reasonably.Practical implicationsIt has significant practical value to apply GRA to optimization of bridge plans and other engineering projects.Originality/valueA scientific method‐GRA has been applied to the selection of bridge plans for seeking the best comprehensive result.