bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Empirical prediction of debris‐flow mobility and deposition on fans
Authors: Scheidl Christian , Rickenmann Dieter 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA new method to predict the runout of debris flows is presented. A data base of documented sediment‐transporting events in torrent catchments of Austria, Switzerland and northern Italy has been compiled, using common classification techniques. With this data we test an empirical approach between planimetric deposition area and event volume, and compare it with results from other studies. We introduce a new empirical relation to determine the mobility coefficient as a function of geomorphologic catchment parameters. The mobility coefficient is thought to reflect some of the flow properties during the depositional part of the debris‐flow event. The empirical equations are implemented in a geographical information system (GIS) based simulation program and combined with a simple flow routing algorithm, to determine the potential runout area covered by debris‐flow deposits. For a given volume and starting point of the deposits, a Monte‐Carlo technique is used to produce flow paths that simulate the spreading effect of a debris flow. The runout zone is delineated by confining the simulated potential spreading area in the down slope direction with the empirically determined planimetric deposition area. The debris‐flow volume is then distributed over the predicted area according to the calculated outflow probability of each cell. The simulation uses the ARC‐Objects environment of ESRI© and is adapted to run with high resolution (2·5 m × 2·5 m) digital elevation models, generated for example from LiDAR data. The simulation program called TopRunDF is tested with debris‐flow events of 1987 and 2005 in Switzerland. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lower Inn Valley railway line – a challenge for the implementation of the Construction Coordination Law
Authors: Passegger Robert , Larcher Christian 
Published: November 2009

AbstractVarious modern and innovative methods are being used to construct the Lower Inn Valley railway, about 40 km of new two‐track line as the northern approach route for the future Brenner Base Tunnel, and work is currently well advanced. The client, the Brenner Eisenbahn Gesellschaft (Brenner Railway Company) (BEG), a subsidiary of the ÖBB Infrastruktur Bau AG, pays great attention to occupational health and safety. This duty is undertaken by design and construction coordinators appointed in line with the Construction Coordination Law – BauKG. The multitude of individual and very large construction and equipment contracts and the works spread over many years with countless specialist companies (e.g. construction, track work, electrical and safety equipment) and the number of contracted employers represent a particular challenge for health and safety management.Für die unter Anwendung verschiedener moderner und innovativer Baumethoden errichtete bzw. noch in Bau befindliche zweigleisige, ca. 40 km lange Neubaustrecke der Unterinntalbahntrasse als nördliche Zulaufstrecke zum zukünftigen Brenner‐Basistunnel, wurde bzw. wird vom Auftraggeber, der in der ÖBB Infrastruktur Bau AG eingegliederten Brenner Eisenbahn Gesellschaft (BEG), besonderes Augenmerk auf den Arbeitnehmerschutz gelegt. Diese Aufgabe wird von beauftragten Planungs‐ und Baustellenkoordinatoren gemäß Bauarbeitenkoordinationsgesetz – BauKG wahrgenommen. Die vielen einzelnen und sehr großen Haupt‐ und Ausrüstungsbaulose und die über mehrere Jahre dauernden Bauarbeiten mit den zahlreichen unterschiedlichen Gewerken (z.B. Bau, Gleisbau, Elektro‐ und Sicherungstechnik) sowie die zahlreich beauftragten Arbeitgeber stellen eine besondere Herausforderung an den Arbeitnehmerschutz dar.
Emergency medical services for a compressed air construction site – special technical, medical and logistical features
Authors: Wulf Kai , Hörmann Martin , Fluckinger Thomas 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTunnelling under compressed air is also a challenge for medical personnel. In addition to the personal suitability, equipment with the correct apparatus is also important. For the compressed air sites in the Lower Inn Valley, it was necessary to maintain specially trained medical personnel on stand‐by round the clock for any emergency in the positive pressure area. This entailed ten ambulance men and seven emergency doctors. The constant readiness of a specially trained emergency team of doctors with apparatus suitable for compressed air provides improved safety for the employees in the positive pressure area and should, according to the available experience, become standard for such large sites.Tunnelarbeiten unter Druckluft sind auch für medizinisches Personal eine Herausforderung. Neben der persönlichen Eignung steht besonders die apparative Ausrüstung im Vordergrund. Für die Druckluftbaustellen im Unterinntal war es erforderlich, speziell ausgebildetes medizinisches Personal für einen etwaigen Notfall im Überdruckbereich rund um die Uhr in Bereitschaft zu halten. Hierzu waren insgesamt zehn Notfallsanitäter und sieben Notärzte erforderlich. Die ständige Bereitschaft eines speziell ausgebildeten Notarztteams mit Druckluft geeigneten Geräten erhöht die Sicherheit der Arbeiter im Überdruckbereich und sollte nach den vorliegenden Erfahrungen zum Standard einer solchen Großbaustelle gehören.
Application of jet grouting on the various contracts in the Lower Inn Valley
Authors: Palla Reinhold , Leitner Stefan 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe jet grouting process is being applied in a number of ways never attempted before as part of the four‐track improvement of the Lower Inn Valley line. In addition to the production of waterproof invert, ground improvement to reduce settlement and for the homogenisation of the excavation cross‐section in mixed face sections, special mined solutions in particular have been made possible by jet grouting. A horizontal jet grout screen for advance tunnel support was produced for the first time under compressed air conditions; the protection of a complete ringshaped jet‐grouted surround also made a mined compressed air drive possible. The jet grouting process was also used to carry out sealing blocks to enable the mined connection of various mechanically tunnelled rescue tunnels to the main tunnel driven by a TBM.The specific conditions on the project combined with the difficult ground conditions typified by Inn gravel sediments, dejection fan deposits and man‐made fill demand all the knowledge and ability of the parties involved. The successful application of the jet grouting technique under these conditions assumes a very high quality of construction and a specifically adapted quality assurance system. Using the example of the contracts H7‐1 Fritzens Tunnel, H4‐3 Stans Tunnel and H8 Jenbach Tunnel, the various applications of the jet grouting technique are described, and also the difficulties that arose during construction.Im Zuge des viergleisigen Ausbaus der Unterinntaltrasse wird das Düsenstrahlverfahren in einer noch nie dagewesenen Vielfalt angewandt. Neben der Herstellung von Dichtsohlen, Bodenverbesserungen zur Setzungsminimierung und zur Homogenisierung der Ausbruchquerschnitte in so genannten Mixed Face Bereichen wurden vor allem bergmännische Sonderbauweisen durch die Anwendung des Düsenstrahlverfahrens erst ermöglicht. Erstmalig wurde ein horizontaler DSV‐Schirm als Tunnelvoraussicherung unter Druckluftbedingungen hergestellt; im Schutz einer ringförmigen vollständigen DSV‐Umschließung konnte ebenso ein bergmännischer Druckluftvortrieb bewerkstelligt werden. Weiter wurden mit dem Düsenstrahlverfahren Dichtkörper ausgeführt, um den bergmännischen Anschluss verschiedener maschinell vorgetriebener Rettungsstollen an die mittels TBM aufgefahrenen Hauptröhren zu ermöglichen.Die projektspezifischen Randbedingungen, verbunden mit den schwierigen Baugrundverhältnissen geprägt von Innschottersedimenten, Schwemmfächerablagerungen und anthropogenen Auffüllungen, verlangen sämtlichen Projektbeteiligten alles an Wissen und Können ab. Die erfolgreiche Anwendung des Düsenstrahlverfahrens unter diesen Umständen setzt eine sehr hohe Ausführungsqualität und ein spezifisch abgestimmtes Qualitätssicherungssystem voraus. Anhand der Fallbeispiele Los H7‐1 Tunnel Fritzens, Los H4‐3 Tunnel Stans und Los H8 Tunnel Jenbach werden die unterschiedlichen Anwendungen des Düsenstrahlverfahrens und auch die im Zuge der Bauausführung aufgetretenen Schwierigkeiten dargestellt.
Process controlling for the hydroshield drives in the Lower Inn Valley (H3‐4 and H8)
Authors: Schretter Klaus , Maidl Ulrich , Wingmann Jörg , Labda Thomas 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe success factors cost, time, quality and safety can be considerably optimised on future tunnel projects through the analysis of the process data. A real‐time data analysis system to monitor the mechanical tunnelling works was installed on contracts H3‐4 and H8, part of the improvement of the Brenner rail corridor for the Brenner Eisenbahn GmbH (BEG). The intention was to exclude various technical, but also contractual interpretations from the client and the contractor, particularly regarding construction progress, which could have led to deadline and cost overruns, right from the start.In order to clarify the sphere of risk during tunnelling work, BEG decided on the implementation of a process controlling system for the sections Münster‐Wiesing (H3‐4) and Jenbach (H8). The purpose is to promptly record the complex interactions between ground, structure and construction process, or ideally in real time. This should enable critical situations to be recognised early and the implementation of preventative measures in good time.Die Erfolgsfaktoren Kosten, Zeit, Qualität und Sicherheit können bei künftigen Tunnelbauprojekten maßgeblich durch die Analyse der Prozessdaten optimiert werden. Im Rahmen des Ausbaus der Eisenbahnachse Brenner, Abschnitt Zulaufstrecke Nord, wurde für die Baulose H3‐4 und H8 von der Brenner Eisenbahn GmbH (BEG) ein Echtzeit‐Datenanalysesystem zur Überwachung der maschinellen Tunnelvortriebsarbeiten eingesetzt. Unterschiedliche technische, aber auch vertragliche Auslegungen von Auftraggeber und Aufragnehmer insbesondere zum Bau‐Soll, die zu Termin‐ und Kostenüberschreitungen führen können, sollten somit von Beginn an abgegrenzt werden.Zur Klärung der Risikosphäre während der Vortriebsarbeiten wurde bei den Teilabschnitten Münster‐Wiesing (H3‐4) und Jenbach (H8) seitens der BEG die Implementierung eines Prozesscontrollingsystems beschlossen. Ziel ist es, die komplexen Wechselwirkungen zwischen Baugrund, Bauwerk und Bauverfahren zeitnah – nach Möglichkeit in Echtzeit – zu erfassen. Kritische Situationen sollten somit frühzeitig erkannt und präventive Maßnahmen rechtzeitig eingeleitet werden.
Temporary works for the project “Brenner rail axis, northern approach”
Authors: Saischek Michael , Diederich Dirk 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe term temporary works includes a very wide range of plant and equipment. This article looks into construction electricity supply, lighting and communications as well as access control and location systems as implemented for the project “Brenner rail axis, northern approach, Kundl/Radfeld‐Baumkirchen”.Unter dem Begriff Bauprovisorien werden verschiedenste Ausrüstungsanlagen geführt. In diesem Beitrag wird auf die Baustromversorgung, die Baubeleuchtung und die Baukommunikation sowie auf die Zutrittskontroll‐ und Ortungssysteme eingegangen, wie sie bei dem Projekt “Eisenbahnachse Brenner, Zulaufstrecke Nord, Kundl/Radfeld‐Baumkirchen” zum Einsatz kommen.
Variance‐components methods for linkage and association analysis of ordinal traits in general pedigrees
Authors: Diao G. , Lin D. Y. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMany complex human diseases such as alcoholism and cancer are rated on ordinal scales. Well‐developed statistical methods for the genetic mapping of quantitative traits may not be appropriate for ordinal traits. We propose a class of variance‐component models for the joint linkage and association analysis of ordinal traits. The proposed models accommodate arbitrary pedigrees and allow covariates and gene‐environment interactions. We develop efficient likelihood‐based inference procedures under the proposed models. The maximum likelihood estimators are approximately unbiased, normally distributed, and statistically efficient. Extensive simulation studies demonstrate that the proposed methods perform well in practical situations. An application to data from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism is provided. Genet. Epidemiol. 34: 232–237, 2010.  © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Practical considerations for imputation of untyped markers in admixed populations
Authors: Shriner Daniel , Adeyemo Adebowale , Chen Guanjie , Rotimi Charles N. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractImputation of genotypes for markers untyped in a study sample has become a standard approach to increase genome coverage in genome‐wide association studies at practically zero cost. Most methods for imputing missing genotypes extend previously described algorithms for inferring haplotype phase. These algorithms generally fall into three classes based on the underlying model for estimating the conditional distribution of haplotype frequencies: a cluster‐based model, a multinomial model, or a population genetics‐based model. We compared BEAGLE, PLINK, and MACH, representing the three classes of models, respectively, with specific attention to measures of imputation success and selection of the reference panel for an admixed study sample of African Americans. Based on analysis of chromosome 22 and after calibration to a fixed level of 90% concordance between experimentally determined and imputed genotypes, MACH yielded the largest absolute number of successfully imputed markers and the largest gain in coverage of the variation captured by HapMap reference panels. Following the common practice of performing imputation once, the Yoruba in Ibadan, Nigeria (YRI) reference panel outperformed other HapMap reference panels, including (1) African ancestry from Southwest USA (ASW) data, (2) an unweighted combination of the Northern and Western Europe (CEU) and YRI data into a single reference panel, and (3) a combination of the CEU and YRI data into a single reference panel with weights matching estimates of admixture proportions. For our admixed study sample, the optimal strategy involved imputing twice with the HapMap CEU and YRI reference panels separately and then merging the data sets. Genet. Epidemiol. 34: 258–265, 2010.   © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Applications of digital outcrop models: two fluvial case studies from the Triassic Wolfville Fm., Canada and Oukaimeden Sandstone Fm., Morocco
Authors: van Lanen Xavier M. T. , Hodgetts David , Redfern Jonathan , Fabuel‐Perez Ivan 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe application and benefits of employing digital outcrop models (DOMs) are discussed using two Triassic fluvial case studies to demonstrate data collection and integration methods. Developments in data analysis techniques are examined to demonstrate their utility for collecting meaningful and reliable statistical information needed to build realistic stochastic reservoir models. To establish a significant geostatistical dataset a large number of accurate observations are required. It is difficult to get the necessary statistics using subsurface data alone, due to the limited resolution and/or areal coverage of respectively seismic and well data. Outcrop studies are, therefore, commonly utilized to provide analogue statistical information (e.g. channel width, length, thickness and thickness vs. width ratio). Traditional data collection methods used in the field are however largely restricted to areas with (easy) physical access, or using remote observations with limited accuracy, such as photographic methods.Digital data collection techniques such as LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) and differential GPS allow more accurate measurements, as well as from previously inaccessible locations, to be taken of sedimentary architecture. The technique generates much larger volumes of measurements, as the area from which accurate data can be extracted is increased. This offers a more meaningful statistical dataset, hence reducing uncertainty in the final reservoir model.Both case studies, the Oukaimeden Sandstone Formation (OSF), Morocco and Wolfville Formation, Canada, are from Late Triassic braided fluvial systems. The OSF dataset has been used to illustrate how geometric information of channel width versus thickness relationships (W:T) are collected using a projection plane technique. The results show W:T variations between 3.49:1 in the Lower Oukaimeden member, 1.54:1 in the Middle Oukaimeden member and 3.75:1 in the Upper Oukaimeden member, demonstrating the observed architectural evolution of the fluvial system. The Wolfville Formation case study shows how DGPS in combination with LiDAR data has been used to more accurately map faults to obtain statistical information on fault orientation (NE–SW) and length (mean = 38.3 m and median = 18.2 m). Another applied analysis technique utilizes a facies classified point‐cloud to aid surface correlations between sedimentary logs and construct a log based correlation panel from which estimates of facies frequencies are derived. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Incentives to reduce groundwater consumption in Yemen
Authors: Hellegers P.J.G.J. , Perry C.J. , Al‐Aulaqi Nasser 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn this paper options for changing the incentive structure to reduce unsustainable groundwater consumption in Yemen are evaluated. Special attention is paid to incentives that decrease the profitability of irrigation water use and subsidies on improved irrigation technology. Although the literature and economic theory suggest that the range of possible incentives is wide (water pricing, metering, water rights, water markets, taxes, subsidies, information, participatory management, etc.), the results of this study show that the range of potentially effective incentives in the Yemeni political context is more limited due to difficulties of implementing and enforcing change. The Yemeni case is unique, as there is a close linkage between water and qat production. Reducing water consumption will substantially reduce the benefits from qat production and consequently farm income, which is a politically sensitive way of bringing about a balance between supply and demand of water. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Titanium surfaces with adherent selenium nanoclusters as a novel anticancer orthopedic material
Authors: Tran Phong A. , Sarin Love , Hurt Robert H. , Webster Thomas J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCurrent orthopedic implants have several problems that include poor osseointegration for extended periods of time, stress shielding and wear debris‐associated bone cell death. In addition, numerous patients receive orthopedic implants as a result of bone cancer resection, yet current orthopedic materials were not designed to prevent either the occurrence or reoccurrence of cancer. The objective of this in vitro study was to create a new biomaterial which can both restore bone and prevent cancer growth at the implant‐tissue interface. Elemental selenium was chosen as the biologically active agent in this study because of its known chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic properties. It was found that when selenite salts were reduced by glutathione in the presence of an immersed titanium substrate, elemental selenium nucleated and grew into adherent, hemispherical nanoclusters that formed a nanostructured composite surface. Three types of surfaces with different selenium surface densities on titanium were fabricated and confirmed by SEM images, AFM, and XPS profiles. Compared to conventional untreated titanium, a high‐density selenium‐doped surface inhibited cancerous bone cell proliferation while promoting healthy bone cell functions (including adhesion, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposition). These findings showed for the first time the potential of selenium nanoclusters as a chemopreventive titanium orthopedic material coating that can also promote healthy bone cell functions. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Intracellular redox imbalance and extracellular amino acid metabolic abnormality contribute to arsenic‐induced developmental retardation in mouse preimplantation embryos
Authors: Zhang Chuanling , Liu Chunmei , Li Dan , Yao Nan , Yuan Xiaohua , Yu Aiping , Lu Cailing , Ma Xu 
Published: November 2009

AbstractInorganic arsenic, an environmental contaminant, is known to cause cancer, developmental retardation, and many other serious diseases. Previous researches have shown that arsenic exerts its toxicity partially through generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, it is still not well understood how ROS links arsenic exposure to developmental retardation of preimplantation embryo. Here we demonstrate that high‐level arsenite induces severe redox imbalance by decreasing the levels of glutathione and increasing the levels of ROS through the oxidative stress adaptor p66Shc, which induces apoptosis by activating the cytochrome c‐caspase. In addition, low‐level arsenite seriously perturbs the metabolism of extracellular amino acid, especially that of the cytotoxic and antioxidative amino acids in preimplantation embryos, may also be the reason for developmental delay. Furthermore, An antioxidant, N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine, improves the development of arsenite‐exposed embryos by reducing intracellular ROS and adjusting amino acid metabolism, suggesting that increasing the intracellular antioxidant level may have preventive or therapeutic effects on arsenic‐induced embryonic toxicity. In conclusion, we suggest that p66Shc‐linked redox imbalance and abnormal extracellular amino acid metabolism mediate arsenite‐induced embryonic retardation. J. Cell. Physiol. 222: 444–455, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Endoglin is involved in BMP‐2‐induced osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament cells through a pathway independent of Smad‐1/5/8 phosphorylation
Authors: Ishibashi Osamu , Ikegame Mika , Takizawa Fumio , Yoshizawa Tatsuya , Moksed Md. Ali , Iizawa Futabako , Mera Hisashi , Matsuda Akio , Kawashima Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe periodontal ligament (PDL), a connective tissue located between the cementum of teeth and the alveolar bone of mandibula, plays a crucial role in the maintenance and regeneration of periodontal tissues. The PDL contains fibroblastic cells of a heterogeneous cell population, from which we have established several cell lines previously. To analyze characteristics unique for PDL at a molecular level, we performed cDNA microarray analysis of the PDL cells versus MC3T3‐E1 osteoblastic cells. The analysis followed by validation by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and immunochemical staining revealed that endoglin, which had been shown to associate with transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) as signaling modulators, was abundantly expressed in PDL cells but absent in osteoblastic cells. The knockdown of endoglin greatly suppressed the BMP‐2‐induced osteoblastic differentiation of PDL cells and subsequent mineralization. Interestingly, the endoglin knockdown did not alter the level of Smad‐1/5/8 phosphorylation induced by BMP‐2, while it suppressed the BMP‐2‐induced expression of Id1, a representative BMP‐responsive gene. Therefore, it is conceivable that endoglin regulates the expression of BMP‐2‐responsive genes in PDL cells at some site downstream of Smad‐1/5/8 phosphorylation. Alternatively, we found that Smad‐2 as well as Smad‐1/5/8 was phosphorylated by BMP‐2 in the PDL cells, and that the BMP‐2‐induced Smad‐2 phosphorylation was suppressed by the endoglin knockdown. These results, taken together, raise a possibility that PDL cells respond to BMP‐2 via a unique signaling pathway dependent on endoglin, which is involved in the osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization of the cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 222: 465–473, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.