bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blood cells characteristics as determinants of acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Cemin Roberto , Donazzan Luca , Lippi Giuseppe , Clari Francesca , Daves Massimo 
Published: May 2011

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study is to analyse the relation between red blood cells, platelets morphology and acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and to assess whether they could supplement the role of traditional cardiac biomarkers in the early identification of patients with AMI.

Methods: All consecutive patients admitted to our emergency department between the 1st January and the 31st August 2009 due to chest pain of suspected cardiac origin were included in the study. All the patients underwent physical examination, a 12-lead ECG, blood sampling for determination of cardiac troponin I and a complete blood count.

Results: A percentage of 6.7% of the 1971 patients had a confirmed diagnosis of AMI. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), red blood cells distribution width (RDW) and platelets count (Plt) did not differ between patients with and without AMI. However, the mean platelet volume (MPV) was significantly higher in AMI patients (7.9 vs. 7.7 fL; p=0.0457). After stratification for gender, men with AMI displayed a lower RDW (p=0.0464) and a higher MPV (p=0.0062) as compared with those without AMI. The MCV and Plt were not significantly different. Women with AMI had a higher RDW (p=0.0079) as compared with those without AMI, while the MCV, Plt and MPV were not significantly different.

Conclusions: Our study partially confirms previous data on the association between MPV or RDW and AMI. The inclusion of these parameters along with other conventional cardiac biomarkers might be a valuable perspective when evaluating patients with suspected AMI, although gender differences should be taken in account.
Fundamental understanding of pulp property development under different thermomechanical pulp refining conditions as observed by a new Simons’ staining method and SEM observation of the ultrastructure of fibre surfaces
Authors: Fernando Dinesh , Muhić Dino , Engstrand Per , Daniel Geoffrey 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
The morphological and chemical characteristics of cell walls govern the response of wood fibre to mechanical pulping processes and thereby influence the energy efficiency of the process and determine most pulp and paper properties. A study has been carried out at the microstructural/ultrastructural level of fibre cell walls by means of a newly developed Simons’ staining (SS) method and scanning electron microscopy to characterize thermomechanical pulps (TMPs) produced under different refining conditions. The SS method allows assessment and quantification of pulp fibre development during the process in terms of cell wall delamination/internal fibrillation (D/IF) under different process conditions, and the degree of D/IF can be statistically evaluated for different TMP types. In focus was never-dried Norway spruce TMP from primary stage double-disc refining running in a full-scale mill, where specific refining energy was varied at different refining pressure levels. Improved energy efficiency was gained at the same tensile index level when applying high pressure (temperature). Under conditions of high pressure and refining energy, a significant enhancement of the degree of D/IF of pulp fibres was observed. The surface ultrastructure of these fibres exhibited an exposed S2 layer with long ribbon-type fibrillation compared to pulps produced with lower pressure and energy input. A given TMP type can be classified in the categories of high-severity and low-severity changes and quasi-untreated concerning the degree of D/IF of its fibres. The relative proportions of these are important for the development of pulp properties such as tensile strength. The presence of higher amounts of fibre fractions in the categories high D/IF and low D/IF will improve the tensile index of a TMP.
Phonetic convergence in spontaneous conversations as a function of interlocutor language distance
Authors: Kim Midam , Horton William S. , Bradlow Ann R. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis study explores phonetic convergence during conversations between pairs of talkers with varying language distance. Specifically, we examined conversations within two native English talkers and within two native Korean talkers who had either the same or different regional dialects, and between native and nonnative talkers of English. To measure phonetic convergence, an independent group of listeners judged the similarity of utterance samples from each talker through an XAB perception test, in which X was a sample of one talker's speech and A and B were samples from the other talker at either early or late portions of the conversation. The results showed greater convergence for same-dialect pairs than for either the different-dialect pairs or the different-L1 pairs. These results generally support the hypothesis that there is a relationship between phonetic convergence and interlocutor language distance. We interpret this pattern as suggesting that phonetic convergence between talker pairs that vary in the degree of their initial language alignment may be dynamically mediated by two parallel mechanisms: the need for intelligibility and the extra demands of nonnative speech production and perception.
Word-types, not word-tokens, facilitate extraction of phonotactic sequences by adults
Authors: Richtsmeier Peter T. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPhonotactics – the permissibility of sound sequences within a word – correspond to lexical statistics, but controversy persists over which statistics are being tracked. In this study, lexical type and token counts were compared as they contributed to phonotactic extraction from an artificial lexicon. Young-adult participants were familiarized with a set of CVCCVC nonwords contextualized as a lexicon of Martian animal names. The type and token frequencies of word-medial consonant sequences within those names were varied systematically. Participants then rated new nonwords, containing the same medial sequences, on a 7-point scale for similarity to the Martian animal names. Higher ratings only followed high type frequency familiarization conditions, suggesting that word-types drove phonotactic extraction. Additionally, participants reversed the typical preference for high-frequency English sequences, likely because they rated nonwords according to their membership in an unknown language. This finding suggests cognitively separable tracking of artificial language statistics and preexisting representations.
Metrical regularity facilitates speech planning and production
Authors: Tilsen Sam 
Published: May 2011

AbstractProsodic structure is known to influence utterance production in numerous ways, but the influence of repetition of metrical pattern on utterance production has not been thoroughly investigated. It was hypothesized that metrical regularity would speed utterance production and reduce the occurrence of speech errors. Productions of sequences of four trisyllabic nonwords were compared between two conditions: a metrically regular condition with a repeating strong-weak-weak pattern, and a metrically irregular condition that lacked a repeating prominence pattern. Utterance durations were slower in the irregular condition, more hesitations occurred, and more sequencing errors were made. These findings are significant in that they are not accommodated by serial models of speech production. It is argued that the effects of metrical regularity are due to interference between words in an utterance plan, and that this interference arises from constraints on the dynamics of word form representations in the planning of speech.
Congruence between ‘word age’ and ‘voice age’ facilitates lexical access
Authors: Walker Abby , Hay Jen 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn Exemplar Theory, the mental lexical representation of a word is a distribution over memories of past experiences with that word. These memories are rich with phonetic and indexical detail. At the very core of the theory, then, is the prediction that individual words should have a unique phonetic distribution shaped by the environments in which they were most encountered. We pursue this hypothesis directly by exploring the prediction that a word should be more easily processed when it contains characteristics that most resemble the listener's accumulated past experience with that word. Twenty-five participants took part in an auditory lexical decision task where they heard words that are usually said more by older speakers, words usually said more by younger speakers, and age-neutral words. These words were presented in both an older and a younger voice. Accuracy rates increased and response times decreased when voice age and word age matched. This provides robust evidence that words are more easily processed when they contain characteristics that most resemble the listener's accumulated past experience with that word, providing verification of a key prediction of exemplar models of the lexicon.
Neutron Radiography: A Powerful Tool for Fast, Quantitative and Non-Destructive Determination of Hydrogen Concentration and Distribution in Zirconium Alloys
Authors: Grosse Mirco 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
The hydrogen concentration in zirconium alloys used in nuclear fuel cladding can be determined quantitatively, rapidly and non-destructively with a spatial resolution of 25 μm by neutron radiography. Because the total neutron cross section of hydrogen is more than one order of magnitude higher than that of zirconium, low concentrations of hydrogen can be measured. Calibration measurements have been performed and confirm the linear dependence of the total macroscopic neutron cross section on the hydrogen to zirconium atomic ratio as expected from theoretical analysis. The fast and non-destructive character of the method provides the possibility of in situ investigations. Examples of in situ investigations of the diffusion of hydrogen into Zircaloy-4 and of hydrogen uptake during steam oxidation are given. For the steam oxidation experiments a fast hydrogen uptake was found during the first 10 s. After this first step, the hydrogen concentration in the sample decreases slightly. If breakaway oxidation occurs, additional hydrogen absorption takes place. The hydrogen concentration can then increase by nearly one order of magnitude by this process. The influence of variations in the total gas flow and the steam flow on the hydrogen uptake was investigated, too.
Evaluation of Asbestos in Dust on Surfaces by Micro-Vacuum and Wipe Sampling
Authors: Kominsky John R. , Millette James R. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Micro-vacuum and wipe sampling methods are routinely used to measure surface dust contamination in both occupational and environmental settings. Both methods are subject to variability in their efficiency of dust collection resulting primarily from textural surface characteristics and dust loading. As part of a study to determine contamination levels of asbestos and other World Trade Center related contaminants in the wall cavity of a high-rise office building, paired samples were collected from 15 locations. The surface type of 14 locations was concrete-masonry block; the remaining surface type was a polyvinyl chloride coating. Micro-vacuum wipe pairs were obtained from the same wall component at contiguous locations. A template was used to ensure that equal 100-cm2 areas were consistently sampled. Micro-vacuum and wipe samples were collected and analyzed for asbestos using ASTM Methods D5756 and D6480, respectively. The average surface concentration reported by the micro-vacuum samples was numerically higher than the wipe samples, but the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.195). Both methods yielded an equal number of samples below the analytical sensitivity; the false-negative rates were the same for each method. Micro-vacuum and wipe sample concentrations were not correlated (R2=0.207). The length and width of asbestos structures collected by wipe samples was significantly larger than by micro-vacuum samples (P=&lt;0.001). Micro-vacuum sampling for asbestos in dust on rough surfaces yields numerically higher concentrations of asbestos. Despite variations in the relative efficiency of particle collection by these methods, the data pairs demonstrate that micro-vacuum and wipe samples produced statistically equivalent results, with micro-vacuum samples being more efficient on the rough surface tested.
Modeling Creep-Fatigue Deformation of Ni-Base Superalloys Using Crystal Viscoplasticity
Authors: Neu R. W. , Smith D. J. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Crystal viscoplasticity enables one to correctly capture the anisotropic inelastic behavior of single crystal and directionally solidified alloys as well as the microstructural sensitivity in polycrystalline alloys. This paper reviews several physics-based crystal viscoplasticity models that have been established to predict the deformation response of Ni-base superalloys. The attributes of crystal viscoplasticity models necessary for predicting the creep-fatigue deformation are identified. Several new developments in constitutive modeling of Ni-base superalloys are discussed.
A Test Method for Evaluating Water Conditioning Adjuvants
Authors: Zollinger Richard K. , Bernards Mark L. , Peterson Dallas E. , Young Bryan G. , Dahl Gregory K. , Gednalski Joe V. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Glyphosate is a weak acid herbicide and can bind with antagonistic salts in the spray carrier. Diammonium sulfate (AMS) is commonly used as an adjuvant with glyphosate to enhance activity and overcome antagonistic salts. Water conditioning (WC) adjuvants are used at low rates and are used as AMS replacement adjuvants. However, an ASTM approved method for testing WC adjuvants has not been established. Appropriate research parameters were used to test the water conditioner definition. Glyphosate plus NIS and glyphosate plus AMS and nonionic surfactant (NIS) were used as standards from comparing WC adjuvants. WC were compared to NIS and AMS plus NIS to determine the potential to reduce or eliminate antagonism between glyphosate and antagonistic cations. Velvetleaf was a good indicator to show antagonism, the ability for AMS and WC adjuvants to overcome antagonism, and also show greater bioefficacy. Velvetleaf, a mixture of broadleaf species, and a mixture of grass species all showed similar response to WC adjuvants. Studies to test water conditioning adjuvants were conducted at multiple locations provided a high degree of precision.
Superheavy elements at GSI: a broad research program with element 114 in the focus of physics and chemistry
Authors: Düllmann Christoph E. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractStudies of the superheavy elements form one of the pillars of the GSI research program. A unique combination of experimental facilities is installed at the GSI. Various topics, ranging from the synthesis of new elements, spectroscopy experiments to study the nuclear structures of the heaviest nuclei, highly accurate mass measurements beyond uranium, to chemical investigations of elements around element 114 and the synthesis of novel chemical superheavy element compound classes are being studied. This is complemented by fully relativistic quantum chemical calculations. As a recent highlight, the244Pu(48Ca,3–4n)288,289114 reaction was studied, leading to the observation of element 114 at the new gas-filled recoil separator TASCA.
Cross sections for the formation of radioiodines in proton bombardment of natural tellerium with particular reference to the validation of data for the production of123I
Authors: Ahmed A. M. , Hassan H. E. , Hassan K. F. , Khalaf A. M. , Saleh Z. A. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe excitation functions of proton induced nuclear reactions onnatTe were measured using the stacked-foil technique up to 14.5 MeV. Samples of thin uniform layers ofnatTe on Ti-backing were prepared by electro-deposition. Nuclear reaction cross sections for the formation of120g,121,123,124,125,126,128,130(m+g)I were determined and their theoretical thick target yields were calculated. The obtained data were compared with the previously published experimental results and the values obtained theoretically using the ALICE-IPPE computer code.
High-pressure synthesis of rare-earth metal disulfidesand diselenides LnX
2 (Ln = Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er and Tm; X = S, Se)
Authors: Müller Carola J. , Doert Thomas , Schwarz Ulrich 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
A series of rare-earth metal disulfides LnS2 and diselenides LnSe2 (Ln = Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er and Tm has been prepared by high-pressure high-temperature synthesis at 8(1) GPa. The dichalcogenides LnX
2 (X = S, Se) are found to crystallize in the α-LaS2 type with the monoclinic space group P121/a1 (no. 14). The crystal structure is a twofold superstructure of the ZrSSi aristotype and consists of puckered cationic [LnX]+ double slabs which are sandwiched by planar chalcogen sheets containing X
2
2– dumbbells.
Structural relationships of BaGe5 to clathrate I and II
Authors: Carrillo-Cabrera Wilder 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
The orthorhombic phase BaGe5 (Pearson symbol oP60; also called Ba10Ge50) was resolved by crystal chemical analogy and was found to be related to the cubic clathrate II. An orthorhombic structure model for BaGe5 was obtained from a cluster-filled clathrate II derivative. The structure refinement (Rietveld method), based on X-ray diffraction powder data, resulted in a defect-rich clathrate II structure with Ba and Ge vacancies. Further analysis shows that BaGe5 can be derived from the clathrate I Ba8Ge43 by constructive crystallographic shear. The relationship to clathrate IX Ba6Ge25 is also discussed.
H-Bonding Cooperativity Effects in Amyloids: Quantum Mechanical and Molecular Mechanics Study
Authors: Přenosil Ondřej , Pitoňák Michal , Sedlák Robert , Kabeláč Martin , Hobza Pavel 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe cooperativity effects have been evaluated on three model systems, the formamide, (formylamino)acetamide and amyloidic-layer oligomers with an increasing size of the monomer units (6, 13 and 214 atoms). In the last model, each layer is a dimer of the amino-acid sequence GNNQQNY in one-letter amino-acid abbreviations. The series of oligomers for each model system of up to six monomers have been constructed. For the calculation of the strength of a particular H-bond formed between various sub-oligomers within an oligomer, different wave function, density functional and semi-empirical quantum mechanical methods as well as empirical force fields have been used. Semi-empirical methods are found to be a reasonable compromise between accuracy and computational cost. These methods are able to describe the cooperativity effects with an accuracy almost comparable to that of theab initiomethods. On the contrary, the empirical force-field methods for all of the model systems mostly failed to describe the H-bonding cooperativity effects properly. Based on the results obtained in this work, we recommend using semi-empirical methods. For the systems where this is impossible, we agree to use polarizable force fields with some reservations. Generally, the more flexible the oligomer chain is (the less steric the repulsion or rigid motifs are), the larger the cooperativity that can be achieved. With the increasing number of monomers in a sequence connectedviaH-bonds, the cooperativity effects appear to be growing, but relatively soon (at 3–4 monomer units) they tend to become saturated.
Coherent Excitation Transfer Driven by Torsional Dynamics: a Model Hamiltonian for PPV Type Systems
Authors: Sterpone Fabio , Martinazzo Rocco , Panda Aditya N. , Burghardt Irene 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA model Hamiltonian is proposed for systems of poly-phenylene-vinylene (PPV) type, which describes excitation energy transfer (EET) in the presence of torsional and bond-length-alternation coordinates that couple neighboring fragments. This model is employed to describe coherent EET, starting from a partially delocalized exciton state which is initially separated from the rest of the chain by a defect due to a pronounced torsional displacement at one of the inter-fragment junctions. EET is found to be driven by the restoring force of the torsions towards the planar geometry. Quantum dynamical calculations are carried out for a minimal five-site model, using the multiconfiguration time-dependent Hartree (MCTDH) method.
Is Frequency of Shared Family Meals Related to the Nutritional Health of Children and Adolescents?
Authors: Hammons Amber J. , Fiese Barbara H. 
Published: May 2011

OBJECTIVE:
We used meta-analytic methods to examine the frequency of shared family mealtimes in relation to nutritional health in children and adolescents. The primary objective was to determine consistency and strength of effects across 17 studies that examined overweight and obese, food consumption and eating patterns, and disordered eating.

METHODS:
The total sample size for all studies was 182 836 children and adolescents (mean sample age: 2.8–17.3 years). Pooled odds ratios were calculated. A random-effects model was used to estimate all outcomes.

RESULTS:
The frequency of shared family meals is significantly related to nutritional health in children and adolescents. Children and adolescents who share family meals 3 or more times per week are more likely to be in a normal weight range and have healthier dietary and eating patterns than those who share fewer than 3 family meals together. In addition, they are less likely to engage in disordered eating.

CONCLUSIONS:
Educational and public health initiatives aimed at promoting shared family mealtimes may improve nutritional health of children and adolescents. Clinicians may advise their patients about the benefits of sharing 3 or more family mealtimes per week; benefits include a reduction in the odds for overweight (12%), eating unhealthy foods (20%), and disordered eating (35%) and an increase in the odds for eating healthy foods (24%).
Feeding of Dietary Botanical Supplements and Teas to Infants in the United States
Authors: Zhang Yuanting , Fein Elizabeth B. , Fein Sara B. 
Published: May 2011

OBJECTIVES:
To describe the use of dietary botanical supplements and teas among infants, the characteristics of mothers who give them the specific botanical supplements and teas used, reasons for use, and sources of information.

METHODS:
We used data from the Infant Feeding Practices Study II, a longitudinal survey of women studied from late pregnancy through their infant's first year of life conducted by the US Food and Drug Administration and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention between 2005 and 2007. The sample was drawn from a nationally distributed consumer opinion panel and was limited to healthy mothers with healthy term or near-term singleton infants. The final analytical sample included 2653 mothers. Statistical techniques include frequencies, χ2 tests, and ordered logit models.

RESULTS:
Nine percent of infants were given dietary botanical supplements or teas in their first year of life, including infants as young as 1 month. Maternal herbal use (P &lt; .0001), longer breastfeeding (P &lt; .0001), and being Hispanic (P = .016) were significantly associated with giving infants dietary botanical supplements or teas in the multivariate model. Many supplements and teas used were marketed and sold specifically for infants. Commonly mentioned information sources included friends or family, health professionals, and the media.

CONCLUSIONS:
A substantial proportion of infants in this sample was given a wide variety of supplements and teas. Because some supplements given to infants may pose health risks, health care providers need to recognize that infants under their care may be receiving supplements or teas.