bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compliance with and tolerance of mefloquine and chloroquine + proguanil malaria chemoprophylaxis in French short‐term travellers to sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Carme Bernard , Peguet Chantal , Nevez Gilles 
Published: October 2010

SummaryTo compare the compliance with and tolerance of mefloquine (MQ) and chloroquine + proguanil (CQ‐PRO) chemoprophylaxis, we conducted a study using a self‐reported questionnaire in 2 groups of native French adult visitors to Senegal or Kenya. CQ (100 mg daily) + PRO (200 mg daily) prophylaxis was prescribed for all patients tiavelling to Senegal and for those going to Kenya when MQ was contraindicated; MQ (250 mg weekly) was prescribed for the other subjects. There were no significant differences in age, sex, exposition and measures of protection against mosquito bites, concomitant drug use or mean duration of chemoprophylaxis between the 2 groups, and compliance during travel was excellent in both. Chemoprophylaxis was more frequently interrupted prematurely in the MQ group. The rates of overall side‐effects attributed to malaria chemoprophylaxis were 16% for MQ against 12% for CQ‐PRO (not significant). However, nonserirous neuropsychiatric adverse events are more frequent with MQ: 11.5% compared to 2% with CQ‐PRO. MQ should be used with caution.
The need for research on dementia in developing countries
Authors: Prince Martin 
Published: October 2010

SummaryDementia is one of the commonest and most disabling late‐life mental disorders. Its prevalence and incidence have been assessed in developed countries, and show little geographical variation between countries and regions. Although most older people live in developing countries, little research has been carried out in those settings. There is some evidence that age‐specific prevalence rates for dementia in developing countries may be relatively low. More research is needed to allow developing countries to estimate the current extent, type and cost of medical and social service provision, and to make confident predictions of future need. Research in different cultures with different levels of economic and industrial development will also increase the variance of environmental exposure, facilitating the identification of environmental risk factors and gene—environment interactions for dementia. Research methodologies need to be adapted to the different circumstances of developing countries, with implications for sampling, cognitive screening and definitive dementia diagnosis.
Leopard or chameleon? The changing character of international health economics
Authors: Mills Anne 
Published: October 2010

SummaryOver the last 25 years the discipline of health economics has developed substantially. As an applied discipline, it has adapted and changed over time in response to the changing concerns of policy‐makers, planners and managers. This paper questions whether it is like a chameleon, changing its appearance in response to the external environment, or like the leopard that never changes its spots. In answering the question, the paper presents an overview of the development of health economics as it has been applied in low and middle income countries distinguishing three eras, the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, and argues that in each of these eras the preoccupations of health economists have been somewhat different. In each era the key contributions of health economics are identified. The paper ends by considering future research priorities, and the obligations of developed country institutions in terms of research topics and mode of work.
Climatic requirements and problems.
Authors: Robinson J. C. , Galán Saúco V. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract

This chapter describes the general climatic requirements of banana (Musa), showing that banana is primarily a crop of the humid tropical lowlands characterized by less than 10° latitude, less than 100 m altitude, not less than 19°C mean minimum temperature and more than 100 mm rain every month. Four distinct zones which differ widely in their climates but in which bananas are successfully grown commercially are described, i.e. the humid tropics (Guapiles, Costa Rica), hot, semi-arid tropics (Kununurra, Western Australia), warm, arid subtropics (Carnarvon, Western Australia) and cool subtropics (Kiepersol, South Africa). The effect of rainfall, or the lack of it, on physiological, pathological and management aspects of banana growing is discussed. Some problems in banana-growing regions outside the humid tropics due to hot and cold weather and other climatic problems (hail, wind, drought, flood and radiation and lightning) are described.
Phenological and physiological responses.
Authors: Robinson J. C. , Galán Saúco V. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract

This chapter describes the developmental phases of a ratoon banana (Musa) plant (Cavendish subgroup), i.e. the vegetative phase, characterized externally by the emergence of leaves, and the reproductive phase, easily identified by emergence of the bunch. The seasonal influences of temperature on development cycles of the banana plant in the tropics and subtropics ('phenological responses') and the specific effects of climatic factors (temperature, vapour pressure deficit, light, water stress and wind) on the assimilation (photosynthesis), transpiration and dry matter accumulation of banana plants ('physiological responses') are discussed. The most important phenological parameters are described: (i) planting to harvest duration for different planting dates and localities; (ii) Leaf emergence rates; (iii) primary root extension rates; and (iv) variations in flower emergence to harvest duration. The main phenological differences between bananas in a humid, tropical locality (Honduras), a cool, subtropical locality (South Africa) and a Mediterranean locality (Israel) are summarized.
Systems of cultivating bananas and product certifications.
Authors: Robinson J. C. , Galán Saúco V. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract

This paper describes the four systems of banana (Musa) cultivation, i.e. the traditional and conventional, integrated, organic and protected. Different certification schemes that consider the internal and external quality of the product, as well as the social and environmental aspects of the cultivation system, are provided. The certification process which verifies that a product, a service or an organization fulfils a given number of rules is discussed and the procedure for obtaining ISO certification, which is given by different organizations in different countries, is enumerated.
Water requirements and irrigation.
Authors: Robinson J. C. , Galán Saúco V. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract

An account is given on the different properties of irrigation systems needed to fulfill the water requirements of bananas and plantains. Topics covered include: irrigation systems (flood or furrow irrigation, overcanopy sprinklers, undercanopy sprinklers, microjet or microspinners, and drip irrigation); irrigation scheduling; and irrigation depths for plantains.
Ripening, biochemistry and uses.
Authors: Robinson J. C. , Galán Saúco V. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract

This chapter describes the pre-climacteric, climacteric, ripening and eat-ripe stages of banana and plantain (Musa) fruits, as well as the biochemical characteristics of their fruits during ripening in terms of water, carbohydrate, pigment, aromatic compound, phenolic, pectin, lipid protein, organic acid and vitamin contents. The nutritional value, uses and processing of these fruits are summarized. Some preconditions that must be satisfied in order for a banana processing industry to be successful are mentioned.
Psychiatric Disorders and Unmet Needs in Australian Police Cells
Authors: Baksheev Gennady N. , Thomas Stuart D. M. , Ogloff James R. P. 
Published: October 2010

Objective: To determine the prevalence of current psychiatric disorders and unmet needs in a sample of police cell detainees in Victoria. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted, including data linkage with the Victoria Police database and the Victorian Psychiatric Case Register. In Melbourne, Australia, 150 detainees were recruited from two busy metropolitan police stations. Outcome measures included estimated rates of psychiatric disorders, using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR, and individual needs, using the Camberwell Assessment of Need – Forensic Version. Results: One quarter (n = 32, 25.4%) of detainees had a prior admission to a psychiatric hospital, and three quarters met current criteria for a diagnosable mental disorder. The most common disorders were substance dependence (n = 81, 54%) and mood disorders (n = 60, 40%). A third met diagnostic criteria for both a mental illness and a substance use disorder. The odds of being classified with mood (OR = 10.1), anxiety (OR = 2.2), psychotic (OR = 15.4) and substance use disorders (OR = 26.3) were all significantly higher in the current sample as compared with the general population. Detainees with a mental illness identified significantly more needs and significantly more unmet needs (e.g. psychological distress) than those who did not rate as having a current mental illness. Conclusions: There remains a pressing need to evaluate standardized screening tools for mental illnesses in police cells to provide timely access to assessment and treatment services. The need for functional interagency collaborations are highlighted and discussed.
Statistical distribution of amino acid sequences: a proof of Darwinian evolution
Authors: Eitner Krystian , Koch Uwe , Gawęda Tomasz , Marciniak Jędrzej 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Motivation: The article presents results of the listing of the quantity of amino acids, dipeptides and tripeptides for all proteins available in the UNIPROT–TREMBL database and the listing for selected species and enzymes. UNIPROT–TREMBL contains protein sequences associated with computationally generated annotations and large-scale functional characterization. Due to the distinct metabolic pathways of amino acid syntheses and their physicochemical properties, the quantities of subpeptides in proteins vary. We have proved that the distribution of amino acids, dipeptides and tripeptides is statistical which confirms that the evolutionary biodiversity development model is subject to the theory of independent events. It seems interesting that certain short peptide combinations occur relatively rarely or even not at all. First, it confirms the Darwinian theory of evolution and second, it opens up opportunities for designing pharmaceuticals among rarely represented short peptide combinations. Furthermore, an innovative approach to the mass analysis of bioinformatic data is presented.
Contact: eitner@amu.edu.pl
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
SPHINX—an algorithm for taxonomic binning of metagenomic sequences
Authors: Mohammed Monzoorul Haque , Ghosh Tarini Shankar , Singh Nitin Kumar , Mande Sharmila S. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Motivation: Compared with composition-based binning algorithms, the binning accuracy and specificity of alignment-based binning algorithms is significantly higher. However, being alignment-based, the latter class of algorithms require enormous amount of time and computing resources for binning huge metagenomic datasets. The motivation was to develop a binning approach that can analyze metagenomic datasets as rapidly as composition-based approaches, but nevertheless has the accuracy and specificity of alignment-based algorithms. This article describes a hybrid binning approach (SPHINX) that achieves high binning efficiency by utilizing the principles of both ‘composition’- and ‘alignment’-based binning algorithms.
Results: Validation results with simulated sequence datasets indicate that SPHINX is able to analyze metagenomic sequences as rapidly as composition-based algorithms. Furthermore, the binning efficiency (in terms of accuracy and specificity of assignments) of SPHINX is observed to be comparable with results obtained using alignment-based algorithms.
Availability: A web server for the SPHINX algorithm is available at http://metagenomics.atc.tcs.com/SPHINX/.
Contact: sharmila@atc.tcs.com
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Low Oleic Acid-Derived Repression of Jasmonic Acid-Inducible Defense Responses Requires the WRKY50 and WRKY51 Proteins
Authors: Gao Qing-Ming , Venugopal Srivathsa , Navarre Duroy , Kachroo Aardra 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Signaling induced upon a reduction in oleic acid (18:1) levels simultaneously up-regulates salicylic acid (SA)-mediated responses and inhibits jasmonic acid (JA)-inducible defenses, resulting in enhanced resistance to biotrophs but increased susceptibility to necrotrophs. SA and the signaling component Enhanced Disease Susceptibility1 function redundantly in this low-18:1-derived pathway to induce SA signaling but do not function in the repression of JA responses. We show that repression of JA-mediated signaling under low-18:1 conditions is mediated via the WRKY50 and WRKY51 proteins. Knockout mutations in WRKY50 and WRKY51 lowered SA levels but did not restore pathogenesis-related gene expression or pathogen resistance to basal levels in the low-18:1-containing Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant, suppressor of SA insensitivity2 (ssi2). In contrast, both JA-inducible PDF1.2 (defensin) expression and basal resistance to Botrytis cinerea were restored. Simultaneous mutations in both WRKY genes (ssi2 wrky50 wrky51) did not further enhance the JA or Botrytis-related responses. The ssi2 wrky50 and ssi2 wrky51 plants contained high levels of reactive oxygen species and exhibited enhanced cell death, the same as ssi2 plants. This suggested that high reactive oxygen species levels or increased cell death were not responsible for the enhanced susceptibility of ssi2 plants to B. cinerea. Exogenous SA inhibited JA-inducible PDF1.2 expression in the wild type but not in wrky50 or wrky51 mutant plants. These results show that the WRKY50 and WRKY51 proteins mediate both SA- and low-18:1-dependent repression of JA signaling.
Role and contribution of formal models to governing: a heuristic
Authors: Türke Ralf‐Eckhard 
Published: October 2010

PurposeThe paper aims to investigate the link between models and system results. It looks at fundamental principles underlying social activities and strives to understand the logical role of models in social governing. Based on these a heuristic is assembled enabling the recognition of the specific contribution formal models can provide for social contexts and also for recognizing the limitations that apply.Design/methodology/approachThe heuristic is developed based on first principles of systems theory and cybernetics with particular consideration of managerial cybernetics. It starts with the assumption that human cognition roots in an autopoietic process from which individual “realities” andWeltanschauungenevolve. Interaction then leads human actors to adopt social system notions through which they initiate and constantly reconcile the implementation of their commonly aspired purposes. With system structures, it is referred to how actors relate to each other in governing – which is a key to learning about what models can contribute. Therefore, the concept of system structure is derived from interaction and rooted in the social system notion distinguishing aspects of structural capacity that pre‐condition the implementation of desired social outcomes. Subsequently, a logical anatomy of system notions is revealed and expressed with a set of invariant systemic topics necessary when being addressed in governing.FindingsThe paper finds a heuristic for identifying the contribution formal models provide to the governance of social systems and recognition of the benefits and limitations specific models provide to governing. Conclusions are drawn on the pre‐conditions securing sustained organizational development through the application of formal models.Originality/valueThe heuristic assembled in this paper facilitates the harmonization and alignment of models in governance settings. The recognition of the role of models in social governing is identified as a logical pre‐condition of sustainable governance. The heuristic presented facilitates assessing and optimizing governing structures with respect to those pre‐conditions.
Anglo‐American capitalism: the role and potential role of social accounting
Authors: Collison David , Dey Colin , Hannah Gwen , Stevenson Lorna 
Published: October 2010

PurposeThis paper seeks to consider the impact and potential impact of social accounting at the macro level. It aims to explore the potential for “silent” or “shadow” social accounting to hold Anglo‐American capitalism to account for its social outcomes relative to other “varieties of capitalism”.Design/methodology/approachThe role of accounting in spreading Anglo‐American capitalist values is outlined. This is followed by a discussion of macro social indicators and their potential to problematise social outcomes. In particular the paper reports on, and updates, an investigation of comparative child mortality figures in wealthy countries that appeared in the medical literature. This evidence is used both as an exemplar and as a substantive issue in its own right.FindingsThe specific empirical evidence reported, based on a cross‐sectional and longitudinal analysis of child mortality and its relationship to income inequality, exemplifies the consistently poor and relatively worsening performance of the Anglo‐American capitalist model. A rationale, and evidence, is also presented for the potential of such social reporting to act as an accountability mechanism.Originality/valueThe paper introduces to the accounting literature specific evidence of poor social outcomes associated with Anglo‐American capitalism. It considers the wider potential role of social indicators, as a component of silent and shadow reporting at a macro‐level, in problematising dominant forms of economic and social organisation.
Dermoscopic findings and histological correlation of the acral volar pigmented maculae in Laugier–Hunziker syndrome
Authors: SENDAGORTA Elena , FEITO Marta , RAMÍREZ Paloma , GONZALEZ‐BEATO María , SAIDA Toshiaki , PIZARRO Angel 
Published: October 2010

AbstractLaugier–Hunziker syndrome (LHS) is an acquired, benign, macular hyperpigmentation of the lips and oral mucosa, often associated with pigmentation of the nails. Volar acral maculae on the palms and fingertips of patients affected by LHS are a typical feature of this rare entity. Dermoscopic examination of these maculae has been described in a previous report, in which authors found a parallel‐furrow pattern. We describe two cases in which a parallel‐ridge pattern (PRP) was found on the dermoscopic examination of the pigmented acral lesions. Histological examination showed increased melanin in basal keratinocytes, which was most prominent in those located at the crista intermedia profunda, that is, in the epidermal rete ridges underlying the surface ridges. In our study, dermoscopic features of the pigmented maculae found on LHS differed from those previously described. In addition, by means of this case report, the histological features of these lesions are described for the first time, showing an excellent correlation with dermoscopy. The reported cases prove that although the PRP is very specific of melanoma, it is also possible to find it in benign lesions. Therefore, we must be familiar with the differential diagnosis of PRP, and take into consideration the clinical context in which we find it. Further studies are needed to increase our knowledge on the histological and dermoscopic features of acral pigmented maculae of LHS.
Multiple vascular eccrine spiradenomas: A case report and published work review of multiple eccrine spiradenomas
Authors: YOSHIDA Aki , TAKAHASHI Kazuhiro , MAEDA Fumihiko , AKASAKA Toshihide 
Published: October 2010

AbstractEccrine spiradenoma (ES) usually occurs as a solitary small nodule. It presents rarely as multifocal or multiple localized tumors arranged in a linear, zosteriform or nevoid distribution. We present a rare case of a 55‐year‐old woman who had a 48‐year history of multiple vascular eccrine spiradenomas (VES) localized on the left side of the submandibular region and neck. All five tumors were skin‐colored or pinkish‐purple, and ranged in size 1.5–2.5 cm. Histologically, each tumor was composed of two characteristic cell types and many dilated vascular spaces were noted in the stroma. Contrast‐enhanced computed tomography showed irregularly shaped, enhanced areas at the center of the tumors. A published work search revealed 35 cases of multiple ES, but multiple VES was extremely rare. We summarized the features of previously reported multiple ES and discuss the clinical and histological classification of ES.
Two cases of palmoplantar lichen planus with various clinical features
Authors: KIM Min Ji , CHOI Mira , NA Se Young , LEE Jong Hee , CHO Soyun 
Published: October 2010

AbstractTwo cases of palmoplantar lichen planus with various clinical features. Palmoplantar lichen planus is a rare, localized variant of lichen planus. Although several clinical features of palmoplantar lichen planus may be seen, the erythematous scaly form is most common. We present two cases of palmoplantar lichen planus that show vesicle‐like and petechia‐like features, which are uncommon variants of palmoplantar lichen planus.
Use and perceived effectiveness of non‐analgesic medical therapies for chronic pancreatitis in the United States
Authors: Burton F. , Alkaade S. , Collins D. , Muddana V. , Slivka A. , Brand R. E. , Gelrud A. , Banks P. A. , Sherman S. , Anderson M. A. , Romagnuolo J. , Lawrence C. , Baillie J. , Gardner T. B. , Lewis M. D. , Amann S. T. , Lieb J. G. , O’Connell M. , Kennard E. D. , Yadav D. , Whitcomb D. C. , Forsmark C. E. ,   for the North American Pancreatic Study Group
Published: October 2010

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011; 33: 149–159SummaryBackground  Effectiveness of medical therapies in chronic pancreatitis has been described in small studies of selected patients.Aim  To describe frequency and perceived effectiveness of non‐analgesic medical therapies in chronic pancreatitis patients evaluated at US referral centres.Methods  Using data on 516 chronic pancreatitis patients enrolled prospectively in the NAPS2 Study, we evaluated how often medical therapies [pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT), vitamins/antioxidants (AO), octreotide, coeliac plexus block (CPB)] were utilized and considered useful by physicians.Results  Oral PERT was commonly used (70%), more frequently in the presence of exocrine insufficiency (EI) (88% vs. 61%, P < 0.001) and pain (74% vs. 59%, P < 0.002). On multivariable analyses, predictors of PERT usage were EI (OR 5.14, 95% CI 2.87–9.18), constant (OR 3.42, 95% CI 1.93–6.04) or intermittent pain (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.14–3.45). Efficacy of PERT was predicted only by EI (OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.36–3.42). AO were tried less often (14%) and were more effective in idiopathic and obstructive vs. alcoholic chronic pancreatitis (25% vs. 4%, P = 0.03). Other therapies were infrequently used (CPB – 5%, octreotide – 7%) with efficacy generally <50%.Conclusions  Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy is commonly utilized, but is considered useful in only subsets of chronic pancreatitis patients. Other medical therapies are used infrequently and have limited efficacy.