bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Viscous quark‐gluon plasma in the early universe
Authors: Tawfik A. , Wahba M. , Mansour H. , Harko T. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn the present work a study is given for the evolution of a flat, isotropic and homogeneous Universe, which is filled with a causal bulk viscous cosmological fluid. We describe the viscous properties by an ultra‐relativistic equation of state, and bulk viscosity coefficient obtained from recent lattice QCD calculations. The basic equation for the Hubble parameter is derived by using the energy equation obtained from the assumption of the covariant conservation of the energy‐momentum tensor of the matter in the Universe. By assuming a power law dependence of the bulk viscosity coefficient, temperature and relaxation time on the energy density, we derive the evolution equation for the Hubble function. By using the equations of state from recent lattice QCD simulations and heavy‐ion collisions we obtain an approximate solution of the field equations. In this treatment for the viscous cosmology, no evidence for singularity is observed. For example, both the Hubble parameter and the scale factor are finite at t = 0, where t is the comoving time. Furthermore, their time evolution essentially differs from the one associated with non‐viscous and ideal gas. Also it is noticed that the thermodynamic quantities, like temperature, energy density and bulk pressure remain finite. Particular solutions are also considered in order to prove that the free parameter in this model does qualitatively influence the final results.
The scientific road of Manuel Cardona: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Romero A.H. , Kremer R.K. , Marx W. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe present a detailed bibliometric analysis of the scientific contributions of Manuel Cardona, who represents an interesting example of a renowned scientist with a long and fruitful career. His publications provide an appropriate basis to apply various bibliometric techniques to measure the impact of his scientific achievements. For this purpose, we have taken into account his full publication record, the institutions of all his coauthors, the journals where his papers have been published, and the citations of his papers as a measure of their impact. We have analyzed in more detail some of his most important publications, which appeared as journal papers and book contributions. Additionally, we have broken down the complete ensemble of the citing papers with respect to the countries of authors, the journals, and the subject areas. The analysis performed in this study also makes use of the Hirsch index as one of the most recognized bibliometric indicators which has rapidly captured the field of research evaluation. Finally, we have established the citation historiogram based on the most highly‐cited papers to visualize their citation network.
Enacting national concerns: Anglo‐British accounts of the 2002 Royal Golden Jubilee
Authors: Stevenson Clifford , Abell Jackie 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAlthough the study of national identity in social psychology has examined the various ways in which the national group is ‘imagined’, little attention has been paid to the many collective national commemorations, celebrations and rituals of state assumed to unite the nation. This is surprising given the number of celebrations and commemorations which fill the calendars of modern nations throughout the world and which are assumed by social scientists to play some part in the reproduction of the national community. Taking the British Royal Golden Jubilee celebrations of 2002, the present study examines how understandings of Anglo‐British national identity are manifest in conversational interviews during and after these events. In line with previous examinations of Anglo‐Britishness, our respondents typically resisted imagining the national community as a homogenous whole and distanced themselves from depictions of the Jubilee as a nationalistic event. Support for the Jubilee was contingent upon the event being apolitical and inclusive. We suggest that such collective national events could potentially facilitate ways of imagining the national community in terms of diversity and inclusivity rather than homogeneity and exclusivity. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stories as indicators of practical knowledge: Analysing project workers' talk from a study of participation in a youth inclusion programme
Authors: Nolas Sevasti‐Melissa 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe paper deals with the issue of practical knowledge for enabling participation. Participation as a strategy for change is widespread in community, health and human service contexts. Research to date has focused on the mechanisms of beneficiaries' participation (e.g. identity, empowerment, activity, gender, space). However, participation as an engagement strategy is action oriented and requires high levels of interaction between those creating the conditions for participation and those participating. These conditions need to be continuously adjusted and outcomes are often unpredictable. This process of ‘working with’ is often dealt with as a technical issue and captured in metaphorical language. Less emphasis has been given to the type of knowledge modalities that might be necessary in order to enable participation. Drawing on an ethnographic case study of participation in a youth inclusion programme the paper explores the role of stories as potential indicators of practical knowledge. The paper argues that enabling young people's participation requires intuition and imagination, patience and perseverance, and judgement for acting under uncertainty. It concludes that stories only partially fulfil their potential as indicators of such knowledge modalities. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Feature sensitive deformation for triangular mesh models
Authors: He Jun , Zhang Caiming , Wei Yu , Li Weitao 
Published: November 2010

AbstractShape deformation is a useful tool for shape modeling and animation in computer graphics. In this paper, we propose a novel surface deformation method based on a feature sensitive (FS) metric. Firstly, taking unit normal vectors into account, we derive a FS Laplacian operator, which is more sensitive to featured regions of mesh models than existing operators. Secondly, we use the 1‐ring tetrahedron in the dual mesh, a volumetric structure, to encode geometric details. To preserve the shape of the tetrahedron, we introduce linear tetrahedron constraints minimizing both the distortion of the base triangle and the change of the corresponding height. These ensure that geometric details are accurately preserved during deformation. The time complexity of our new method is similar to that of existing linear Laplacian methods. Examples are included to show that our FS deformation method better preserves mesh details, especially features, than existing Laplacian methods. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of ESI and MALDI‐TOF MS for triacylglycerols analysis in edible oils
Authors: Cozzolino Rosaria , De Giulio Beatrice 
Published: November 2010

AbstractTriacylglycerols (TAG) are the most important group of compounds present in vegetable oils. These biomolecules, determining the physical, chemical and nutritional properties of the oils, are considered to be good fingerprints for quality and authenticity control. Therefore, TAGs characterization is a very important task in edible oil field, which has been undertaken by different analytical methods.The analysis of vegetable oils is still dominated by classic determinations, which are however laborious and time‐consuming and cannot be used routinely. More recently, advances in MS instrumentations coupled with online separation techniques and data processing have contributed to great expansion of MS in oil study, allowing the development of innovative analytical approaches that exhibit higher sensitivity, accuracy and rapidity in vegetable oils investigations.In the present contribution, a review of the most relevant applications of novel mass spectrometric techniques, such as ESI and MALDI, both alone and hyphenated with HPLC, used for analysis of the complex TAGs mixture of edible oils is illustrated.
Metal‐catalysed isotopic exchange labelling: 30 years of experience in pharmaceutical R&D
Authors: Allen Paul H. , Hickey Michael J. , Kingston Lee P. , Wilkinson David J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractMetal‐catalysed exchange has been used extensively in the laboratories of AstraZeneca plc at R&D Charnwood to label a variety of molecules of pharmaceutical interest with the isotopes of deuterium and tritium. Despite early prejudices against the use of tritiated compounds, particularly in ADME studies, the development of directed isotopic exchange techniques has enabled timely and economic support for many pharmaceutical projects. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient syntheses of 13C‐ and 14C‐labelled 5‐benzyl and 5‐indolylmethyl L‐hydantoins
Authors: Patching Simon G. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractRobust and straightforward methods are described for the first syntheses of highly pure 13C‐ and 14C‐labelled L‐5‐benzylhydantoin (L‐BH) and L‐5‐indolylmethylhydantoin (L‐IMH) by cyclizing the amino acids L‐phenylalanine and L‐tryptophan, respectively, with potassium cyanate. [3‐13C]‐L‐phenylalanine was used to prepare [6‐13C]‐L‐BH and [indole‐2‐13C]‐L‐tryptophan was used to prepare [indole‐2‐13C]‐L‐IMH, which we required for solid‐state NMR experiments with a hydantoin transport protein. The successful incorporation and integrity of the 13C labels was confirmed by solution‐state NMR spectroscopy. [14C]Potassium cyanate was used to prepare [2‐14C]‐L‐BH and [2‐14C]‐L‐IMH, which we required for transport assays with the protein. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
N‐heterocyclic carbenes as ligands in palladium‐mediated [11C]radiolabelling of [11C]amides for positron emission tomography
Authors: Jennings Lucy E. , Kealey Steven , Miller Philip W. , Gee Antony D. , Long Nicholas J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA model palladium‐mediated carbonylation reaction synthesizing N‐benzylbenzamide from iodobenzene and benzylamine was used to investigate the potential of four N‐heterocyclic carbenes (N,N′‐bis(diisopropylphenyl)‐4,5‐dihydroimidazolinium chloride (I), N,N′‐bis(1‐mesityl)‐4,5‐dihydroimidazolinium chloride (II), N,N′‐bis(1‐mesityl)imidazolium chloride (III) and N,N′‐bis(1‐adamantyl)imidazolium chloride (IV)) to act as supporting ligands in combination with Pd2(dba)3. Their activities were compared with other Pd‐diphosphine complexes after reaction times of 10 and 120 min. Pd2(dba)3 and III were the best performing after 10 min reaction (20%) and was used to synthesize radiolabelled [11C]N‐benzylbenzamide in good radiochemical yield (55%) and excellent radiochemical purity (99%). A Cu(Tp*) complex was used to trap the typically unreactive and insoluble [11C]CO which was then released and reacted via the Pd‐mediated carbonylation process. Potentially useful side products [11C]N,N′‐dibenzylurea and [11C]benzoic acid were also observed. Increased amounts of [11C]N,N′‐dibenzylurea were yielded when PdCl2 was the Pd precursor. Reduced yields of [11C]benzoic acid and therefore improved RCP were seen for III/Pd2(dba)3 over commonly used dppp/Pd2(dba)3 making it more favourable in this case. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Colour‐based assessment of atmospheric corrosion products, namely of flash rust, on steel
Authors: Momber A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe paper reviews the utilization of colour analyses for the assessment and rating of atmospheric corrosion products, whereas particular attention is spent to flash rusting. The background of flash rust formation is discussed first, along with a brief review about the composition of flash rust. The fundamentals of the HSV colour model, which is selected as a simple suitable model, are introduced. Finally, the author discusses the utilization of the suggested approach for the evaluation of steel substrate cleanliness and rust assessment.
Guideline for an assessment of electrochemical noise measurement devices
Authors: Ritter S. , Huet F. , Cottis R. A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPro‐active ageing management is becoming more and more important for the economical and safe operation of industrial plants. A key element for a pro‐active ageing management approach is to apply in situ corrosion monitoring. The electrochemical noise (EN) technique is an example of a promising method, especially for monitoring localised corrosion phenomena. Currently, research work on the EN technique is carried out in several laboratories worldwide for different kind of industrial applications but also for the investigation of corrosion mechanisms. A prerequisite for performing serious research on the EN measurement technique is a careful evaluation of the measuring system, even if commercially available EN measurement instruments are used. Therefore, testing on well‐defined dummy cells should always be a preliminary step to assess the baseline noise of the EN measurement equipment and to ensure data validity. For this purpose a guideline has been developed by the European Cooperative Group on Corrosion Monitoring of Nuclear Materials (ECG‐COMON 1) as an outcome from round‐robin testing on EN. The current guideline describes a simple procedure for the performance and evaluation of EN measurement equipment using dummy cells.
An economic view of food deserts in the united states
Authors: Bitler Marianne , Haider Steven J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractConsiderable policy and academic attention has been focused on the topic of food deserts. We consider this topic from an economic perspective. First, we consider how the components of a standard economic analysis apply to the study of food deserts. Second, using this economic lens, we revisit the empirical literature on food deserts to assess the progress that has been made regarding whether food deserts are problematic in the U.S. Overall, despite several studies documenting the existence of food deserts in local areas, shortcomings in available data have not allowed researchers to convincingly document the presence or absence of food deserts on a national scale, and virtually no research has provided insight as to why food deserts might exist. © 2010 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.
Chemometric Evaluation of the Anti‐cancer Pro‐drug Podophyllotoxin and Potential Therapeutic Analogues in Juniperus and Podophyllum Species
Authors: Kusari Souvik , Zühlke Sebastian , Spiteller Michael 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIntroduction – Podophyllotoxin, deoxypodophyllotoxin, demethylpodophyllotoxin and podophyllotoxone are four therapeutically potent secondary metabolites. There is a dearth of information on the holistic analysis of their distribution pattern in both phylogenetic and ecological contexts.Objectives – To analyse the continuum of the above metabolites in Juniperus and Podophyllum species collected from natural populations in Himalayan environments and the botanical gardens of Rombergpark and Haltern (Germany) using multi‐component LC‐ESI‐MS/MS, coupled with statistically relevant chemometric assessment.Methodology – We evaluated the individual and holistic metabolite profiles and chemometrically correlated the phytochemical loads between various species (infraspecific), organic and aqueous extracts, and populations of the same species from different locations, different species from same location, different species from different locations and infrageneric populations from same and different locations.Results – Multivariate analysis revealed Juniperus x‐media Pfitzeriana as a suitable alternative to Podophyllum hexandrum for commercial exploitation. A significant positive correlation of podophyllotoxone with both podophyllotoxin and demethylpodophyllotoxin, and a negative correlation of podophyllotoxin with both deoxypodophyllotoxin and demethylpodophyllotoxin (infraspecific among Podophyllum), were observed by Kruskal's multidimensional scaling and corroborated by principal component analysis, indicating probable similarity and/or difference between the biosynthetic pathways, and synergistic and/or antagonistic principles, respectively. Finally, linear discriminant analysis and hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis revealed considerable infrageneric and infraspecific variability in secondary compound spectra and load of the different populations under study.Conclusion – Such holistic studies of plants and their therapeutic metabolites ought to assist in selecting plants, geographical areas and environmental conditions for bioprospecting and global‐scale phytochemical and phylogenetic diversity studies in the future. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure Characterization and Identification Steroidal Saponins from Ophiopogon Japonicus Ker‐Gawler (Liliaceae) by High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography with Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Wang Yongyi , Xu Jinzhong , Qu Haibin 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIntroduction – Steroidal saponins are the main active constituents in Ophiopogon japonicus Ker‐Gawler (Liliaceae). However, because of their high polarity, non‐chromophores and low content in plants, steroidal saponins are difficult to be isolated from O. japonicus by conventional phytochemical methods.Objective – To develop a sensitive and rapid approach towards the structural analysis of steroidal saponins using HPLC/ESI‐MSn.Methodology – The fragmentation behaviors of six known steroidal saponins in negative ESI‐MSn were used to deduce their mass spectral fragmentation mechanisms. By using HPLC/ESI‐MSn, the important structural information on aglycone types, sugar types and saccharide sequences can be obtained.Results – According to the HPLC retention behaviour, the molecular structural characteristics provided by multistage mass spectrometry spectra and the literature, a total of 8 steroidal saponins were tentatively identified or characterized in O. japonicus rapidly. Conclusion – This work has shown that HPLC‐ESI‐MSn may be used as an effective and rapid method for the characterization and identification of steroidal saponins from O. japonicus. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimization of ultrasonic‐stimulated solvent extraction of sinigrin from Indian mustard seed (Brassica JunceaL.) using response surface methodology
Authors: Wang Tianxin , Liang Hao , Yuan Qipeng 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIntroduction – Sinigrin, a major glucosinolate present in Indian mustard (Brassica junceaL.) seeds as the precursor of the anticancer compound allyl isothiocyanate, shows a wide range of biological activities. It's necessary to optimize the extraction methods and conditions, in order to improve the extraction productivity and save raw material.Objective – To systemically investigate and optimize the most important factors affected the productivity of sinigrin in the process of extraction using response surface methodology.Methodology – The ranges of three main factors including the ethanol concentration, extraction time and extraction temperature were selected by the one‐factor‐at‐a‐time method. The conditions of ultrasonic‐stimulated extraction of sinigrin from defatted Indian mustard seed powder were optimized by Box‐Behnken design to obtain the maximum productivity.Result – The predicted productivity (3.81%) was obtained using 57% ethanol concentration at 81°C for 60 min, with the coefficient of the model R2> 0.96 (n = 17). The actual productivity (3.84 ± 0.02%) of sinigrin under the optimized condition was increased by 70.67% compared with the result of conventional extraction. Meanwhile, HPLC, UV and IR were applied to examine if there is a difference between the ultrasonic‐stimulated solvent extraction and conventional extraction, and the improvement of productivity of sinigrin depended on the destruction of cell wall caused by the elimination of outer pectinous material was explained by SEM and composition content analysis.Conclusion – The ultrasonic‐stimulated solvent extraction was suggested to be a promising method to improve the productivity of sinigrin. And the results demonstrated that sinigrin productivity may be related to pectinous materials existed in the seeds. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination and pharmacokinetic study of chiisanogenin in rat plasma by ultra performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Yang Chunjuan , Yu Kai , Song Yang , Qin Feng , Li Famei 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIntroduction – Chiisanogenin existing in many Acanthopanax species has been reported to possess anti‐inflammatory, antibacterial and antiplatelet aggregatory activities.Objective – To develop and validate a rapid and sensitive ultra performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of chiisanogenin in rat plasma and to investigate its pharmacokinetics after oral administration of chiisanogenin or the extract of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus fruits.Methodology – The sample pretreatment involved a one‐step extraction of 0.2 mL plasma with diethyl ether. Acetaminophen was used as the internal standard. The separation was carried out on an ACQUITY UPLC™ BEH C18 column with a mobile phase of acetonitrile‐5 mM ammonium acetate (90:10, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. The detection was performed on a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode via electrospray ionization (ESI) source.Results – A high sample throughput was achieved with an analysis time of 1.1 min per sample. The calibration curve was linear (r2 ≥ 0.99) over the concentration range of 5–500 ng/mL with a lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of 5 ng/mL. The intra‐day and inter‐day precision (relative standard deviation, R.S.D.) values were below 11% and the accuracy (relative error, R.E.) was within 8% at all three quality control (QC) levels.Conclusion – The method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of chiisanogenin in rat after oral administration of chiisanogenin and the extract of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus fruits. Other constituents in the extract affected the pharmacokinetic behavior of chiisanogenin. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous determination of five characteristic stilbene glycosides in root bark of Morus albus L. (Cortex Mori) using high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Piao Shu‐juan , Chen Li‐xia , Kang Ning , Qiu Feng 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIntroduction – Cortex Mori, one of the well‐known traditional Chinese herbal medicines, is derived from the root bark of Morus alba L. according to the China Pharmacopeia. Stilbene glycosides are the main components isolated from aqueous extracts of Morus alba and their content varies depending on where Cortex Mori was collected. We have established a qualitative and quantitative method based on the bioactive stilbene glycosides for control of the quality of Cortex Mori from different sources.Objective – To develop a high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet absorption detection for simultaneous quantitative determination of five major characteristic stilbene glycosides in 34 samples of the root bark of Morus alba L. (Cortex Mori) from different sources.Methodology – The analysis was performed on an ODS column using methanol‐water‐acetic acid (18: 82: 0.1, v/v/v) as the mobile phase and the peaks were monitored at 320 nm.Results – All calibration curves showed good linearity (r ≥ 0.9991) within test ranges. This method showed good repeatability for the quantification of these five components in Cortex Mori with intra‐ and inter‐day standard deviations less than 2.19% and 1.45%, respectively.Conclusion – The validated method was successfully applied to quantify the five investigated components, including a pair of cis‐trans‐isomers 1 and 2 and a pair of isomers 4 and 5 in 34 samples of Cortex Mori from different sources. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.