bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lead Exposure, Polymorphisms in Genes Related to Oxidative Stress, and Risk of Adult Brain Tumors
Authors: Bhatti Parveen , Stewart Patricia A. , Hutchinson Amy , Rothman Nathaniel , Linet Martha S. , Inskip Peter D. , Rajaraman Preetha 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
There is some evidence that oxidative stress plays a role in lead-induced toxicity. Mechanisms for dealing with oxidative stress may be of particular relevance in the brain given the high rate of oxygen metabolism. Using a hospital-based case-control study, we investigated the role of oxidative stress in the potential carcinogenicity of lead through examination of effect modification of the association between occupational lead exposure and brain tumors by single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes with functions related to oxidative stress. The study included 362 patients with glioma (176 of which had glioblastoma multiforme), 134 patients with meningioma, and 494 controls. Lead exposure was estimated by expert review of detailed job history data for each participant. We evaluated effect modification with 142 single nucleotide polymorphisms using likelihood ratio tests that compared nested unconditional logistic regression models that did and did not include a cross-product term for cumulative lead exposure and genotype. When the analyses were restricted to cases with glioblastoma multiforme, RAC2 rs2239774 and two highly correlated GPX1 polymorphisms (rs1050450 and rs18006688) were found to significantly modify the association with lead exposure (P ≤ 0.05) after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Furthermore, the same GPX1 polymorphisms and XDH rs7574920 were found to significantly modify the association between cumulative lead exposure and meningioma. Although the results of this study provide some evidence that lead may cause glioblastoma multiforme and meningioma through mechanisms related to oxidative damage, the results must be confirmed in other populations. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(6):1841–8)
Diabetes treatments, gastrointestinal symptoms and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy
Authors: Kent Alex J , Graf Bethan , Prasad Priyajit , Banks Matthew R , Feher Michael D 
Published: June 2009

Background. Diabetes mellitus has been associated with an increased incidence of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, possibly related to diabetes medications. Aims. The purpose of our study was to assess the prevalence of GI symptoms and pathology in diabetic subjects referred for lower GI endoscopy. Results. We identified 31 diabetic patients from 621 patients undergoing lower GI endoscopy over a 6-month period. Diarrhoea and abdominal pain were common symptoms in the diabetic patients. Twelve diabetic subjects were investigated purely for GI symptoms and nine were referred with symptoms potentially related to diabetes medications. In these nine patients only one had an endoscopic diagnosis which accounted for their symptoms. Five patients had normal endoscopies. Conclusion. Diabetic medications may be associated with GI symptoms and alternative medications should be tried before referring for endoscopy.
Haemoglobin response to intravenous iron in non-dialysis patients with chronic kidney disease and diabetes
Authors: Mostafa Samiul A , Burden Andrew C , Cropper Liz , Tagboto Senyo 
Published: June 2009

Aims. Our aim is to compare the response of people with or without diabetes to intravenous iron and to evaluate the efficacy of this therapy in improving haemoglobin (Hb) levels in non-dialysis patients according to chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage. Method. This was a prospective study of 100 consecutive adult patients referred to the renal anaemia service for intravenous iron. Patients with other causes of anaemia or receiving erythropoietin therapy were excluded. Patients were given weekly intravenous doses of 200 mg iron sucrose for 4 weeks and monitored at weeks-1 and 5. Data, including diabetic/CKD status, were collated from patient records. Results. Pre-treatment Hb was similar in people with and without diabetes and treatment significantly increased Hb levels (0.5 g/dL, p<0.003 and 0.5 g/dL, p<0.0001 respectively). Pre-treatment transferrin saturation and the proportion of hypochromic red cells were not significantly different between the groups. Hb levels rose more in CKD stages 3 (0.5 g/dL, p<0.05) and 4 (0.6 g/ dL, p<0.02) than in stage 5 (-0.1 g/dL). Conclusion. CKD patients with or without diabetes have similar iron status and Hb response to intravenous iron therapy. Patients with CKD stage 5 respond less well to intravenous iron than patients with CKD stages 3 or 4, despite having similar baseline iron status.
AAV-1–mediated gene transfer to skeletal muscle in humans results in dose-dependent activation of capsid-specific T cells
Authors: Mingozzi Federico , Meulenberg Janneke J. , Hui Daniel J. , Basner-Tschakarjan Etiena , Hasbrouck Nicole C. , Edmonson Shyrie A. , Hutnick Natalie A. , Betts Michael R. , Kastelein John J. , Stroes Erik S. , High Katherine A. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
In a clinical trial for adeno-associated virus serotype 1 (AAV-1)–mediated gene transfer to muscle for lipoprotein lipase (LPL) deficiency, 1 subject from the high-dose cohort experienced a transient increase in the muscle enzyme creatine phosphokinase (CPK) 4 weeks after gene transfer. Simultaneously, after an initial downward trend consistent with expression of LPL, plasma triglyceride levels returned to baseline. We characterized B- and T-cell responses to the vector and the transgene product in the subjects enrolled in this study. IFN-γ enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISpot) and intracellular cytokine staining assays performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from the subject who experienced the CPK elevation showed the activation of capsid-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Four of 8 subjects had detectable T-cell responses to capsid with dose-dependent kinetics of appearance. Subjects with detectable T-cell responses to capsid also had higher anti–AAV-1 IgG3 antibody titer. No subject developed B- or T-cell responses to the LPL transgene product. These findings suggest that T-cell responses directed to the AAV-1 capsid are dose-dependent. Whether they also limit the duration of expression of the transgene at higher doses is unclear, and will require additional analyses at later time points.
Phosphatidylserine-selective Conformational Change of α-Helix Peptide, Td3717, and Its Ability to Transfect Cancer Cells
Authors: Kuriyama Shinichi , Nishimura Kanako , Taguchi Yasushi , Yanagibashi Kazutoshi , Katayama Yoshiki , Niidome Takuro 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
A synthetic peptide, Td3717, showed selective affinity for anionic phospholipids, phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylglycerol, and formed an amphiphilic α-helical structure. This specificity originated not only from electrostatic interactions, but also from the primary amino acid sequence and overall structure of the peptide.
Voltammetric Determination of Tryptophan and Serotonin at Glassy Carbon Paste Electrodes in a Potential Region Free from Interfering Substances
Authors: Inada Kazufumi , Nishiyama Katsuhiko , Taniguchi Isao 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Voltammetric determination of tryptophan (Trp) and serotonin (5-HT) was successfully conducted. To do this, we analyzed the redox peaks of their oxidation products at glassy carbon paste electrodes (GCPEs) in phosphate buffer solutions in the presence of interfering substances. The oxidation products of Trp and 5-HT provided redox couples at more negative potentials than for that of the interfering substance: fivefold tyrosine (Tyr) did not hinder the determination of Trp, and 200-fold uric acid (UA) and acetaminophen (APAP) did not hinder the determination of 5-HT.
Hydrophobic Protic Ionic Liquid for Nonhumidified Intermediate-temperature Fuel Cells
Authors: Yasuda Tomohiro , Ogawa Atsushi , Kanno Michihiro , Mori Kazuki , Sakakibara Kazuhisa , Watanabe Masayoshi 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
A novel protic ionic liquid ethylmethylpropylammonium nonafluorobutanesulfonate ([empa][NfO]) was found to exhibit hydrophobicity, high ionic conductivity, and facile electroactivity toward hydrogen oxidation and oxygen reduction reactions; these properties make it a suitable electrolyte for nonhumidified intermediate-temperature fuel cells.
Application of Gas Chromatography/Combustion/Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry for Studying Nutrition and Biosynthesis in Plants
Authors: Yamamoto Mayu , Nakashita Rumiko , Suzuki Yaeko , Ichimiya Takahiro , Korenaga Takashi 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Compound-specific isotope analysis of 15N enrichment of nitrogenous molecules by gas chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry is a potential method for a quantitative access of nitrogen flow in plant nutrition and biosynthesis. Here, as a primary application of this method for plant nutrition studies, we demonstrate high sensitive detection of 15N enrichment of amino acids in white radish cultivated either with very low level of 15N-labeled organic or inorganic nutrients, and evaluate the practical utility of this method.
Self‐deception and the therapist: An interpretative phenomenological analysis of the experiences and understandings of therapists working with clients they describe as self‐deceptive
Authors: Westland Sandra , Shinebourne Pnina 
Published: June 2009

Objectives. The aim of this study was to explore how participants experience working with clients they describe as self‐deceptive, as well as the participants' reflections on the experience and their understandings of self‐deception.Design. Data were collected in two stages. In the first stage, participants were asked to provide a written description of a specific incident or of a set of sessions in which it seemed to the therapist that the client was deceiving him/herself. The second stage consisted of a semi‐structured interview, designed to follow‐up the written description in greater detail.Methods. Four participants took part in the study. The data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.Results. Three superordinate themes were identified in the analysis: therapists' self experiences; engaging with the client; and therapists' experiences and perceptions of the client.Conclusions. The concept of self‐deception offered participants a perspective for describing and understanding clients who present a range of ‘difficult’ attitudes and behaviours, such as evasion and denial of the ‘truth’ of their predicament as understood by the therapist, conflicting, and contradictory attitudes to the process of self change, avoiding taking responsibility for themselves, lack of self‐understanding, withholding from engagement in therapy, and from relationship with the therapist. The findings also bring to light therapists' experiences of discomfort, frustration and anger, and feelings of incompetence when working with clients they described as self‐deceptive. The construct of client's self‐deception constitutes one possible interpretation but other interpretative possibilities are considered.
Acute Cognitive Therapy in Reducing Suicide Risk Following a Presentation to an Emergency Department
Authors: Catanese Albert Anthony , John Michael Stephen , Di Battista John , Clarke David M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe ACT (Acute Cognitive Therapy) Program was implemented as a patient follow-up initiative to respond to people presenting to emergency departments with suicidal behaviour or ideation, in a psychosocial crisis. Over 12 months 188 patients were referred to the program of which 160 attended at least one appointment and 109 completed the program. Pre- and postmeasures indicated that significant improvement occurred in those who completed the program, that improvements were maintained at 6 months and representation rates were reduced. Immediate short-term directed treatment appears beneficial in the short and medium term, and the rapidity and location of follow-up appears to promote compliance.
Brief Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy for Children with Anxiety Disorders: Initial Evaluation of a Program Designed for Clinic Settings
Authors: Girling-Butcher Robyn D. , Ronan Kevin R. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractFour anxiety disordered 8- to 11-year-old children and their parents participated in a shortened version of an efficacious cognitive–behavioural program for anxiety in children, designed to reflect therapy conditions found in usual clinical practice. A modified multiple-baseline design was used that combined clinic setting pragmatics with a necessary level of methodological protection. For ongoing evaluation, weekly measures of the child's trait anxiety and coping ability were obtained from the child and parents. In addition, a battery of measures was used to evaluate outcomes following treatment and at two follow-up intervals. Emphasising increased parent involvement and earlier exposure sessions, the program was found to lead to marked changes in child functioning. In particular, all children showed improvement on self-report, parent report, and independent clinician's ratings over the course of treatment. Moreover, scores on relevant indices were all within a nondeviant range following intervention, and all four children no longer qualified for an anxiety diagnosis at posttreatment and at 3- and 12-month followup. Findings are discussed in terms of implementation and evaluation in practice settings (e.g., critical components of treatment, use of pragmatic single case designs). Suggestions for future research include testing the effectiveness of this brief program on a large and diverse sample of children. Additional research is also required to find out to what extent increased parent involvement and earlier exposure sessions enhance the impact of treatment in the larger context of addressing features of the research-practice gap. Overall, findings provide preliminary support for the effectiveness of a brief cognitive–behavioural program for treating anxiety disorders in children, along with an evaluation strategy, compatible with some of the needs of service delivery settings.
Picture Exchange Communication (PECS) Training for Young Children: Does Training Transfer at School and to Home?
Authors: Carré Anna J. M. , Le Grice Bonny , Blampied Neville M. , Walker Dianne 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe limited communicative abilities of young children with autism and developmental disabilities may be enhanced by augmentative communication systems such as the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS). Both children and adults can learn to use PECS, but research is inconsistent in establishing the degree to which PECS training transfers reliably from the training setting to other settings, for example, regular classrooms, and home. Three 5–6 year-old children, diagnosed as autistic and/or developmentally disabled, were given 1:1 PECS training at school, structured to enhance generalisation and transfer. Concurrent observations were made in their regular classroom and at home to probe the extent of generalisation. All three acquired the ability to request a preferred object or activity by exchanging a picture symbol with a communicative partner. In tests of transfer and generalisation, a multiple-baseline across subjects design showed no use of PECS symbols either in the classroom or at home prior to training, with spontaneous initiations of picture exchange (transfer) occurring to a slight to moderate degree in the classroom and to a slight degree at home. Even with PECS training structured to enhance transfer, functionally significant degrees of generalisation of training may be difficult to achieve, and cannot be assumed to occur.
Guide on Measuring Uniformity of Furnace Exposure on Specimens Representing Test Samples Used to Determine Fire Resistance Ratings
Authors: Berhinig Robert 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
ASTM E5.11 Subcommittee on fire resistance is responsible for five fire test standards that rely upon furnaces to provide the heat exposure to test samples. These test samples range from floor-ceiling samples having a minimum area of 16.7 m2 to firestop systems that may include a single relatively small penetrating item. All these test standards include a precision and bias clause but none of the standards include a means for documenting the exposure or fire insult conditions imposed by the furnace onto the sample. This paper describes the activity underway within ISO TC92/SC2 to publish a procedure to measure the uniformity of furnace exposure imposed upon test samples. This procedure measures the temperature on a specimen replicating a test sample used to determine fire resistance ratings, the oxygen content in the furnace chamber, and the velocity across the specimen. The ISO method introduces the term “effective area of furnace opening” to identify the area within the furnace opening where the test specimen is not significantly influenced by furnace boundary conditions. The method is applicable to all ASTM fire test standards that use furnaces such as ASTM E119 as well as similar ISO and NFPA standards.
Managing Uncertainty of Well Log Data in Reservoir Characterization
Authors: Deo P. , Xue C. , Mendez F. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Well log data provides valuable information for characterizing reservoirs through seismic analysis, reservoir modeling and fluid substitution. Reliable economic evaluation of a reservoir demands reliable characterization of reservoir properties. It is crucial to have a reliable uncertainty analysis for non-unique solutions of reservoir characterization.
A stochastic petrophysical model based on an inversion algorithm was used to compute reservoir properties. The well log data uncertainty and the resulting impact were studied with an error propagation algorithm. The algorithm was presented to calculate propagated error and manage uncertainties based on Gassmann's fluid substitution. Data control for the input measurement of Gassmann's equation was performed through environmental uncertainties analysis before proceeding with the inversion.
To demonstrate the error propagation in reservoir characterization, we studied both in-situ and dry models before fluid substitution. Then, the uncertainty analysis was performed for the new model with fluid substitution. Moreover, the propagated errors for velocities of the new model were also evaluated. A joint interpretation based on a volumetric mathematical model of various logging measurements was used to analyze data quality. In this paper, we present an important insight into uncertainty analysis and error propagation in fluid replacement modeling. The algorithm provides stable solutions with uncertainty control for reservoir characterization.
Underbalanced Drilling in Depleted Formation Achieves Great Success: Case Study
Authors: Shadravan Arash , Khodadadian Mohammad , Roohi Abbas , Amani Mahmood 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
The PR-70 well, the third well of the National Iranian Drilling Company (NIDC) UBD campaign in Parsi field, is the first well to produce while drilling in a 2-year underbalanced drilling (UBD) project in the field. NIDC and Weatherford selected the UBD technique because of the depleted reservoir pressure, which had dropped to 2,728 psi at depth of 2,755m (5.8 ppg). Drilling such a depleted reservoir with conventional mud would have caused a huge overbalanced state, loss of circulation, and increased possibility of blowouts or damage to the reservoir. Another reason for implementing the UBD technique was to increase productivity of the well by decreasing formation damage that resulted from drilling fluid losses.This paper explains the execution of UBD technique at well PR-70. It also discusses the well design, UBD design parameters, underbalanced modeling considerations and the lessons learned from this job that all led to the success of this project. As soon as the well started to produce oil, UBD conditions were established and continued to TD.
Novel Waterflooding Strategy by Manipulation of Injection Brine Composition
Authors: Ligthelm D. J. , Gronsveld J. , Hofman J. P. , Brussee N. J. , Marcelis F. , van der Linde H. A. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
As brine composition profoundly influences reservoir wettability and hence microscopic sweep, careful design of injection brine is part of a strategy to improve on oil production in existing and future water flooding projects, in both sandstone and carbonate reservoirs and in combination with follow-up EOR projects.
The following results were found: (1) Formation water with higher salinity level correlates to a higher content of multivalent cations. This causes the (sandstone) reservoir wettability to be more oilwet; (2) The field-observed temporary reduction in watercut during breakthrough of so-called "Designer Waterflood" water in a Middle Eastern sandstone reservoir with highly saline formation water was interpreted to be caused by an oil bank ahead of the slug of injected water; (3) The oil bank results from improved sweep by wettability modification to more waterwet state. The interpretation was confirmed by laboratory experiments; (4) Experiments in limestone core plugs demonstrate similar wettability modification, if the sulphate ion content in the invading brine is far in excess of the calcium ion content.
Based on these results the following conclusions were drawn: (1) Designer Waterflooding may increase the Ultimate Recovery of oil by at least a few percent; (2) There is scope for further improvement in oil production by flood front stabilization by adding low concentration polymer to the optimised slug; (3) If future EOR projects are planned, a Designer Waterflooding pre-flush is recommended to obtain more favourable oil desaturation profiles and savings on polymer costs; (4) In case of seawater injection into reservoirs with formation water of low salinity level, removal of multivalent cations from the seawater should be considered to avoid the potential risk that the reservoir becomes more oilwet, which will result in reduced sweep.
Effects of Fracture and Frequency on Resistivity in Different Rocks
Authors: Sandler Joel , Li Yuzhang , Horne Roland N. , Li Kewen 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Detection and characterization of fractures in rock is important in many cases for the development of energy resources such as geothermal energy and petroleum. To this end, the effect of frequency on resistivity as a function of water saturation has been studied in rocks with and without fractures. Different rocks (Berea sandstone, greywacke from The Geysers geothermal reservoir) were used in this study. It was found that the effect of frequency on resistivity is different in rocks with and without fractures, especially in the range of low water saturation. The validity of the Archie equation depends on the existence of fractures, frequency, and the range of water saturation.
Gravity Segregation in Gas Improved Oil Recovery of Tilted Reservoirs
Authors: Jamshidnezhad Mohammad 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
The model of Stone for gravity segregation in gas improved oil recovery (IOR) indicates the distance injected gas and water travel together before complete segregation. This model is very useful for co-injection of water and gas into horizontal depleted reservoirs. A proof by Rossen and van Duijn showed that the model of Stone applies to steady-state gas-liquid flow, and also foam flow, in horizontal reservoirs as long as the standard assumptions of fractional flow theory (incompressible flow, Newtonian mobilities, local equilibrium) apply. However, until now, there is no study on application of this model for tilted reservoirs. In this paper, by using a three dimensional finite-difference compositional reservoir simulator, we investigate gravity segregation in tilted reservoirs and then compare the results with the model of Stone. This study shows that the math proof by Rossen and van Duijn provided for the horizontal reservoir doesn't work if the reservoir is tilted, and that the model of Stone should be corrected to apply in tilted reservoirs. There are good agreements between the corrected model and the reservoir simulator results in tilted reservoirs.