bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thickness and tension of the gluteal aponeurosis and the implications for subfascial gluteal augmentation
Authors: Hwang Se Won , Nam Yong Seok , Hwang Kun , Han Seung Ho 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe aim of this study is to elucidate the thickness and tension of the gluteal aponeurosis (GA) as related to subfascial gluteal augmentation. Twenty buttocks from 10 Korean fresh cadavers (age range: 69–92 years, five men and five women) were dissected. Five radial lines were made from the greater trochanter (GT) to the highest point of origin of the gluteus maximus muscle (GM), the posterior inferior iliac spine (PSIS), the piriformis line (P), the coccyx (Co) and the ischial tuberosity (IT). The upper four lines were intersected by three curvilinear lines that divided them by a quarter, half and three‐quarters ratios, and the lowest line was divided by a third ratio and a two‐thirds ratio. At the 14 intersecting points, the force needed to break the 6 mm width of the GA was measured. The thickness of the GA was also measured with a digital caliper. The GA was widest at the GT–Co line (161.7 ± 15.8 mm), and it was narrowest at the GT–IT line (106.5 ± 21.2 mm). At most of the points (12 among the 14 points), the breaking strength of the GA was greater than 20 Newtons (N). The breaking strength of the GA did not vary significantly according to the locations (P = 0.568, anova). The breaking strength of the males (22.8 ± 6.6 N) was significantly greater than that of the females (20.3 ± 7.5 N, P = 0.003, t‐test). The thickness of the GA varied according to the locations (0.4 ± 0.2 mm to 0.7 ± 0.3 mm). The thickness of the GA of the upper part (GT–GM line: 0.64 ± 0.24 mm; GT–PSIS line: 0.66 ± 0.23 mm; GT–P line: 0.66 ± 0.24 mm) was significantly greater (P = 0.040, 0.017, 0.018, respectively) than that of the lower part (GT–IT line: 0.49 ± 0.18 mm). The GA of the males (0.70 ± 0.23 mm) was significantly thicker than that of the females (0.53 ± 0.21 mm, P < 0.001, t‐test). We conclude that the GA is capable of holding gluteal implants in the proper position, as the average force to break up the 6 mm width of the GA in females was greater than 20 N.
Doctor–patient communication and cancer patients’ choice of alternative therapies as supplement or alternative to conventional care
Authors: Salamonsen Anita 
Published: May 2012

Scand J Caring Sci; 2013; 27; 70–76

Doctor–patient communication and cancer patients’ choice of alternative therapies as supplement or alternative to conventional care
Cancer patients’ use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is widespread, despite the fact that clinical studies validating the efficacy of CAM remain sparse in the Nordic countries. The purpose of this study was to explore possible connections between cancer patients’ communication experiences with doctors and the decision to use CAM as either supplement or alternative to conventional treatment (CT). The Regional Committee for Medical and Health Research Ethics and the Norwegian Data Inspectorate approved the study. From a group of 52 cancer patients with self‐reported positive experiences from use of CAM, 13 were selected for qualitative interviews. Six used CAM as supplement, and seven as alternative to CT, periodically or permanently. Communication experiences with 46 doctors were described. The analysis revealed three connections between doctor–patient communication and patients’ treatment decisions: (i) negative communication experiences because of the use of CAM; (ii) negative communication experiences resulted in the decision to use CAM, and in some cases to decline CT; and (iii) positive communication experiences led to the decision to use CAM as supplement, not alternative to CT. The patients, including the decliners of CT, wanted to discuss treatment decisions in well‐functioning interpersonal processes with supportive doctors. In doctors’ practices and education of doctors, a greater awareness of potential positive and negative outcomes of doctor–patient communication that concern CAM issues could be of importance. More research is needed to safeguard CAM users’ treatment decisions and their relationship to conventional health care.
Does social capital increase public support for economic globalisation?
Authors: SPILKER GABRIELE , SCHAFFER LENA MARIA , BERNAUER THOMAS 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe dominant explanation of public attitudes vis‐à‐vis economic globalisation focuses on re‐distributional implications, with an emphasis on factor endowments and government‐sponsored safety nets (the compensation hypothesis). The empirical implication of these theoretical arguments is that in advanced economies, on which this article focuses, individuals endowed with less human and financial capital will be more likely to experience income losses. Hence they will oppose economic openness unless they are compensated by the government. It is argued here that including social capital in the analysis can fill two gaps in explanations relying on factor endowments and the compensation hypothesis. First, generalised trust – one key aspect of social capital – constitutes a personal endowment alongside human and financial capital. Second, structural social capital – another key aspect of social capital – can be regarded as a nongovernmental social safety net that can compensate for endowment‐related disadvantages of individuals. Both aspects of social capital are expected to contribute, for distinct reasons, to more positive views on economic openness. The empirical testing relies on survey data for two countries: Switzerland and the United States. For both countries, the results indicate that generalised trust has a strong, positive effect on public opinion of economic globalisation, whereas structural social capital has no effect.
What really matters is which camp goes dirty: Differential effects of negative campaigning on turnout during Swiss federal ballots
Authors: NAI ALESSANDRO 
Published: May 2012

AbstractUsing individual data on Swiss federal ballots (VOX data) and an original dataset on the evolution and content of political campaigns, this article elucidates how negative campaigning influences individual turnout during Swiss federal ballots. It hypothesises that the effect of negativism on turnout depends on ‘which camp goes dirty’ and, specifically, on the direction of the political campaign (‘status quo’ versus ‘policy change’ campaigns). A series of multilevel models provide strong support for the hypotheses, by showing that high negativism in ‘status quo campaigns’ decreases individual turnout, whereas high negativism for ‘policy change campaigns’ increases it. It is argued here that this could depend on the emotional responses triggered by negativism in political campaigns.
Edaphic Factors are a More Important Control on Surface Fine Roots than Stand Age in Secondary Tropical Dry Forests
Authors: Powers Jennifer S. , Peréz‐Aviles Daniel 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAlthough there are generalized conceptual models that predict how above and belowground biomass increase during secondary succession after abandonment from agriculture, there are few data to test these models for fine roots (defined as ≤2 mm diameter) in tropical forests. We measured live and dead fine roots (0–10 cm depth) in 18 plots of regenerating tropical dry forest in Costa Rica that varied in age from 5 to 60 yrs, as well as in soil properties. We predicted that both stand age and soil fertility would affect fine roots, with greater values in older forests on low fertility soils. Across two sampling dates and locations, live fine roots varied from 0.35 to 3.53 Mg/ha and dead roots varied from 0.15 to 0.93 Mg/ha. Surprisingly, there was little evidence that surface fine roots varied between sampling dates or in relation to stand age. By contrast, total, live, and dead fine roots averaged across sampling dates within plots were negatively correlated with a multivariate index of soil fertility (Pearson correlations coefficients were −0.64, −0.58, and −0.68, respectively; P < 0.01) and other individual edaphic variables including pH, silt, calcium, magnesium, nitrogen, and phosphorus. These results suggest that soil fertility is a more important determinant of fine roots than forest age in tropical dry forests in Costa Rica, and that one‐way these plant communities respond to low soil fertility is by increasing fine roots. Thus, simple conceptual models of forest responses to abandonment from agriculture may not be appropriate for surface fine roots.
The Genetic Architecture of Flowering Time and Photoperiod Sensitivity in Maize as Revealed by QTL Review and Meta Analysis
Authors: Xu Jie , Liu Yaxi , Liu Jian , Cao Moju , Wang Jing , Lan Hai , Xu Yunbi , Lu Yanli , Pan Guangtang , Rong Tingzhao 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe control of flowering is not only important for reproduction, but also plays a key role in the processes of domestication and adaptation. To reveal the genetic architecture for flowering time and photoperiod sensitivity, a comprehensive evaluation of the relevant literature was performed and followed by meta analysis. A total of 25 synthetic consensus quantitative trait loci (QTL) and four hot‐spot genomic regions were identified for photoperiod sensitivity including 11 genes related to photoperiod response or flower morphogenesis and development. Besides, a comparative analysis of the QTL for flowering time and photoperiod sensitivity highlighted the regions containing shared and unique QTL for the two traits. Candidate genes associated with maize flowering were identified through integrated analysis of the homologous genes for flowering time in plants and the consensus QTL regions for photoperiod sensitivity in maize (Zea mays L.). Our results suggest that the combination of literature review, meta‐analysis and homologous blast is an efficient approach to identify new candidate genes and create a global view of the genetic architecture for maize photoperiodic flowering. Sequences of candidate genes can be used to develop molecular markers for various models of marker‐assisted selection, such as marker‐assisted recurrent selection and genomic selection that can contribute significantly to crop environmental adaptation.
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[ Yanli Lu (Corresponding author)]
Ectopic Expression of a Bacterium NhaD‐type Na+/H+ Antiporter Leads to Increased Tolerance to Combined Salt/Alkali Stresses
Authors: Zhong Nai‐Qin , Han Li‐Bo , Wu Xiao‐Min , Wang Li‐Li , Wang Fang , Ma Yan‐He , Xia Gui‐Xian 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
AaNhaD, a gene isolated from the soda lake alkaliphile Alkalimonas amylolytica, encodes a Na+/H+ antiporter crucial for the bacterium's resistance to salt/alkali stresses. However, it remains unknown whether this type of bacterial gene may be able to increase the tolerance of flowering plants to salt/alkali stresses. To investigate the use of extremophile genetic resources in higher plants, transgenic tobacco BY‐2 cells and plants harboring AaNhaD were generated and their stress tolerance was evaluated. Ectopic expression of AaNhaD enhanced the salt tolerance of the transgenic BY‐2 cells in a pH‐dependent manner. Compared to wild‐type controls, the transgenic cells exhibited increased Na+ concentrations and pH levels in the vacuoles. Subcellular localization analysis indicated that AaNhaD‐GFP fusion proteins were primarily localized in the tonoplasts. Similar to the transgenic BY‐2 cells, AaNhaD‐overexpressing tobacco plants displayed enhanced stress tolerance when grown in saline‐alkali soil. These results indicate that AaNhaD functions as a pH‐dependent tonoplast Na+/H+ antiporter in plant cells, thus presenting a new avenue for the genetic improvement of salinity/alkalinity tolerance.
Interaction of Barley β‐Glucan and Tea Polyphenols on Glucose Metabolism in Streptozotocin‐Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Gao Ruiping , Wang Yu , Wu Zhen , Ming Jian , Zhao Guohua 
Published: May 2012

Abstract:  Soluble dietary fiber and antioxidants have received much attention as most important components of functional foods. However, few data are available on the effects of the combination of tea polyphenols (TP) and β‐glucan (BG) on blood glucose in a diabetic rat. The effects of administration of barley BG and TP or their combination (TP + BG) on blood glucose, lipid profiles, and antioxidant parameters on streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats were investigated. Significant improvements on the blood glucose level, serum lipid parameters (decreases in triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL‐C, and increase in HDL‐C), lipid peroxidation (decrease in malondiadehyde content), and serum antioxidant status (increases in superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and total antioxidant capacity) resulted in diabetic rats after administering TP + BG. This study, therefore, demonstrated that the intake of TP + BG has beneficial effects on glucose tolerance, lipid metabolism, and serum antioxidant status. It also revealed that TP + BG is better than TP or BG alone in improving glucose metabolism and antioxidant status in diabetic rats. Practically, the present study suggested that polyphenols‐rich cereal foods are help for type 2 diabetes.Practical Application:  Although TP or BG was definitely helpful in the treatment and management of diabetes mellitus, synthetic anti‐hyperglycemic effects were found between TP and BG. The fortification of a BG‐rich cereal diet with TP could be used as a strategy to maintain health of diabetic subjects.
Inhibition of Beef Isolates of E. coli O157:H7 by Orange Oil at Various Temperatures
Authors: Pendleton Sean J. , Crandall Philip G. , Ricke Steven C. , Goodridge Lawrence , O’Bryan Corliss A. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract:  Plant essential oils have previously been shown to exhibit antimicrobial activities against various microorganisms. In this study, cold pressed terpeneless Valencia orange oil (CPTVO) was examined at various temperatures (37, 10, and 4 °C) to determine its antimicrobial activity against 3 strains of E. coli O157:H7 recovered from beef products. A micro broth dilution method using 96 well microtiter plates was used with trypticase soy broth with 0.15% agar and 2,3,5 tetrazolium chloride as a growth indicator as the medium. Serial dilutions of CPTVO were made, resulting in final concentrations of oil ranging from 0.2% to 25% or 0.1% to 10%. Plates were incubated statically at 4, 10, or 37 °C, and sampled hourly. After 6 h at 37 °C, all strains were inhibited at concentrations ranging from 0.2% to 0.6%, with a mean of 0.4 ± 0.01%. At 10 °C, all strains were inhibited at concentrations ranging from 0.8% to 6.3%, with a mean of 1.1%± 0.2%, after 6 h. At 4 °C, all strains were inhibited after 6 h at concentrations ranging from 2.3% to 4.6%, with a mean of 3.5%± 2.1%. After 24 h at 4 °C the strains were inhibited at concentrations ranging from 0.7% to 1% with a mean of 0.8%± 0.3%. The ranges appear to be the result of effects from the variable nature of a complex media and an antimicrobial that presents potential multiple mechanisms for inhibition. It appears CPTVO is a viable option to inhibit E. coli O157:H7 growth at refrigeration temperatures.Practical Application:  Beef products are often the source of foodborne illness from the organism E. coli O157:H7. Orange essential oils have been in the human diet for centuries, and the research reported here indicates that some of these oils may be used as surface applications during cold temperatures to inhibit the foodborne pathogen E. coli O157:H7.
Application of EPR Spectroscopy to Identify Irradiated Indian Medicinal Plant Products
Authors: Sanyal Bhaskar , Chatterjee S. , Variyar Prasad S. , Sharma Arun 
Published: May 2012

Abstract:  A study of gamma‐irradiated Indian medicinal plant products was carried out using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Improved approaches like high‐power measurement, microwave saturation, and thermal behavior of the radicals were explored for detection of irradiation. Aswagandha (Withania somnifera), vairi (Salacia reticulata), amla (Emblica officinalis), haldi (Curcumin longa), and guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia) exhibited a weak singlet at g= 2.005 before irradiation. Aswagandha, immediately after radiation treatment, revealed a complex EPR spectrum characterized by EPR spectrum simulation technique as superposition of 3 paramagnetic centers. One group of signal with organic origin was carbohydrate and cellulose radical and the other was isotropic signal of inorganic origin (g⊥= 2.0044 and g∥= 1.9980). However, other products did not exhibit any radiation‐specific signal after irradiation. Power saturation and thermal behavior techniques were not suitable for these products. However, amongst all the 3 approaches, high‐power measurement of EPR spectra emerged as a suitable technique in identification of the irradiated aswagandha.Practical Application:  Gamma‐irradiation confirms hygienic quality and improves shelf life of food and other products. However, there is a lack of international consensus over considering this as a general application and different regulations are being enforced. EPR is one of the most promising techniques to identify irradiated foodstuffs for regulatory requirements but it has many limitations. Improved approaches based on the EPR technique explained in this study may be useful to identify irradiated products and become beneficial to food regulators and food irradiation enterprises to enhance confidence in irradiation technology.
Hydrothermal Treatment of Water Yam Starch in a Non‐granular State: Slowly Digestible Starch Content and Structural Characteristics
Authors: Son Trinh Khanh , Joo Lee Chang , Jun Choi Seung , Wha Moon Tae 
Published: May 2012

Abstract:  Gelatinized water yam starch was subjected to hydrothermal treatment (25, 30, and 35% moisture content for 1, 8, 16, and 24 h at 100 °C) and characterized by X‐ray diffractometry, solid‐state 13C cross‐polarization and magic‐angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance, differential scanning calorimetry, and digestibility analysis. The slowly digestible starch (SDS) content of the starch treated at 30% moisture content for 24 h reached 49.1%, 31.9% higher than that of the control starch. The B‐type pattern of native starch was re‐crystallized to the A‐type by hydrothermal treatment. The SDS content showed negative correlations with To, Tp, Tc, and Tr, but showed a positive correlation with melting enthalpy. Furthermore, SDS was positively correlated with hydrothermal reaction time, moisture content, relative crystallinity, and the double‐helix proportion. The structural changes in hydrothermally treated water yam starches resulted in the enhancement of SDS.Practical Application:  The hydrothermally treated water yam starch could be used as a food ingredient for slow‐energy supply or dietary fiber.
California Almond Shelf Life: Lipid Deterioration During Storage
Authors: Lin Xiangyang , Wu Jia , Zhu Rongbi , Chen Paul , Huang Guangwei , Li Yun , Ye Nanhui , Huang Binhong , Lai Yiping , Zhang Hui , Lin Wanyu , Lin Jingjing , Wang Zhibin , Zhang Hong , Ruan Roger 
Published: May 2012

Abstract:  The effects of storage conditions on the lipid deterioration in California almond nuts and sliced were studied. Natural whole almonds with or without polyethylene (PE) packaging and blanched whole almonds and sliced with PE packaging were stored in 10 different storage conditions which were combinations of different temperatures and relative humidity levels. The peroxide values (PVs), iodine values (IVs), and free fatty acids (FFAs) were monitored during the storage. The PVs in the natural samples did not change noticeably whereas the blanched samples changed greatly, indicating that skins may have played a significant role. The IVs decreased slightly in the 1st 150 d of storage and then leveled off. The slightly faster changes in IVs in the blanched samples coincided with the greater changes in PVs in the blanched samples. The natural samples exhibited much higher FFA levels than the blanched samples after storage. In general, FFA increased with increasing storage time, temperature, and humidity. Highest levels of FFA were observed in the samples stored at high temperature and high humidity.Practical Application:  The results reported in this article provide useful information that almond producers and processors could use to develop their storage and transport processes.
Isolation, Fractionation and Characterization of Melanin‐like Pigments from Chestnut (Castanea mollissima) Shells
Authors: Yao Zengyu , Qi Jianhua , Wang Lihua 
Published: May 2012

Abstract:  Melanins are known as versatile biopolymers, but the utilizations are restricted by their poor solubilities. Therefore, well soluble ones or their analogs are much desired. In this article, a new procedure was developed for fractionation of the pigments isolated from chestnut (Castanea mollissima) shells, and 3 fractions (Fr. 1, Fr. 2, and Fr. 3) were obtained. The solubilities of all the fractions in waters of different pH and in common organic solvents were studied. The physicochemical properties of the fractions were characterized for the first time on the basis of combined chemical analyses and spectroscopic methods including ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), electron spin resonance (ESR), and solid‐state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C‐NMR). All the fractions could be bleached by NaOCl and H2O2 and give a positive reaction for polyphenols, which are usually used as typical tests for allomelanins. Their UV–Vis, FT‐IR, and ESR spectra resembled those of synthetic and some natural melanins. Elemental data and quantitative analyses of 13C‐NMR spectra revealed that pigment‐bound proteins and polysaccharides were the most abundant in Fr. 1, while Fr. 2 was presented with the highest aromaticity.Practical Application:  We provided a new, simple, and inexpensive method to fractionate the melanin‐like pigments from chestnut shells. This technique can be used to produce natural melanin‐like food colorants with different solubilities from chestnut shells.
High‐Intensity 405 nm Light Inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Endarko Endarko , Maclean Michelle , Timoshkin Igor V. , MacGregor Scott J. , Anderson John G. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe antimicrobial properties of light is an area of increasing interest. This study investigates the sensitivity of the significant foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes to selected wavelengths of visible light. Results demonstrate that exposure to wavelength region 400–450 nm, at sufficiently high dose levels (750 J cm−2), induced complete inactivation of a 5 log10 population. Exposure to wavelengths longer than 450 nm did not cause significant inactivation. Analysis of 10 nm bandwidths between 400 and 450 nm confirmed 405(±5) nm light to be most effective for the inactivation of L. monocytogenes, with a lesser bactericidal effect also evident at other wavelengths between 400 and 440 nm. Identification of the optimum bactericidal wavelength enabled the comparison of inactivation using 405(±5) nm filtered light and a 405 nm light‐emitting diode (LED) array (14 nm FWHM). Results demonstrate similar inactivation kinetics, indicating that the applied dose of 405 nm light is the important factor. Use of the 405 nm LED array for the inactivation of L. monocytogenes and other Listeria species resulted in similar kinetics, with up to 5 log10 reductions with a dose of 185 J cm−2. Comparative data for the 405 nm light inactivation of L. monocytogenes and other important foodborne pathogens, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis and Shigella sonnei, are also presented, with L. monocytogenes showing higher susceptibility to inactivation through 405 nm light exposure.