bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial Liver: The Effect of ACAC Microencapsulated Charcoal Hemoperfusion on Fulminant Hepatic Failure
Authors: Chirito E. , Reiter B. , Lister C. , Chang T. M. S. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTControl trials and statistical analysis were carried out to assess the effects of albumin‐collodion microencapsulated activated charcoal (ACAC) hemoperfusion on fulminant hepatic coma. A rat model of galactosamine induced fulminant hepatic coma was used. Rats which did not recover died at 3.0 0.6 days after galactosamine injection. Those which survived this period recovered. Forty‐eight hours after galactosamine injection, a test group of 21 rats were treated with 1 hour hemoperfusion and compared with an untreated group of 23 rats. 71.4% of the treated group survived as compared to 30.4% of the untreated rats. Statistical analysis (t test) shows a significant increase in recovery for the treated group (<0.01). Biochemical and histological results will be discussed.
The Development of Polymeric Cardiovascular Collagen Prostheses
Authors: Sawyer P. N. , Stanczewski B. , Kirschenbaum D. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTIn an attempt to develop a long‐lasting, non‐thrombogenic, collagen cardiovascular prosthesis this laboratory has sequentially evaluated a series of modified collagen structures treated as polymers. Bovine arteries and human umbilical cords have been subjected to various chemical modifications and grouped as follows: 1.) fresh, untreated vessels, 2.) commercially available dialdehyde starch tanned grafts, 3.) ficin digested (muscle and elastin removed) vessels, 4.) ficin digested negatively charged, untanned grafts, 5.) ficin digested, negatively charged, dialdehyde starch tanned grafts, 6.) ficin digested, oxidized carboxymethylcellulose tanned grafts, 7.) ficin digested, glutaraldehyde tanned, protein cross‐linked, negatively charged grafts. The aim in each case was to create a specific recurrent stereo specific electrochemical charge at the blood‐tissue interface. These tubular grafts were then evaluated in several positions following canine implantation. The results confirmed that the single most important factor in assuring long‐term patency and function was provision of a uniform, highly covalently bonded, glutaraldehyde tanned, negative surface charge. Unmodified grafts thrombosed and then became calcified or dissolved within a short period of time.Techniques for evaluation included resistance to thrombosis and observed characteristics of the grafts at periodic intervals of 1 second, 2 hours, 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, 12 months and longer. Upon removal, each of these grafts was inspected, photographed, tested for tensile strength, and observed by light and scanning electron microscopy. In summary, the most satisfactory graft was the ficin digested, glutaraldehyde tanned, negatively charged prosthesis.Subsequently, these grafts were prepared for implantation in humans. At this time approximately 69 segments have been implanted in 35 patients. The majority (36) have been implanted in the femoral‐popliteal position. Axillofemoral, femorofemoral, aortorenal, peripheral arteriovenous, coronary, iliopopliteal and femoroperoneal bypasses were also performed. These results have been compared with gas endarterectomy, saphenous vein bypass (conventional), and bovine heterograft prostheses in similar implantation sites. Follow‐up of this group to two years reveals patency approaching that of autogenous saphenous vein grafts and surpassing that of conventional bovine heterografts. These data suggest that collagen with chemical and surface charge modification may lead to a new generation of biological cardiovascular prostheses exhibiting improved performance characteristics and freedom from thrombosis.
Intraocular Lens Implantation: A Review
Authors: Langston Roger H. S. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTIntraocular lens implantation has been developing over the past 15 years in Europe and is now becoming popular in the United States. Lens materials and designs as well as surgical techniques are still being evaluated. The overall results are excellent, with a small increase in complications being the price paid for a dramatic increase in visual rehabilitation.
Sorbent Membranes Used in a Conventional Dialyzer Format
Authors: Gurland Hans J. , Fernandez Jose C. , Samtleben Walter , Castro Louis A. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTThe possibility of installing sorbent membranes into proven dialyzer configurations could result in certain advantages over dialyzers with conventional membranes. A sorbent membrane dialyzer might prove superior in that it allows a higher clearance in the middle molecule molecular weight range, thereby shortening dialysis time and possibly allowing a reduction in the amount of dialysate fluid required. Finally, this device could be used without dialysate if the technician's goal is to eliminate a single substance readily adsorbed by charcoal. For example, this would apply to the treatment of certain intoxications. In vitro data were established for six substances in the molecular weight range of 60 to 5200 daltons and compared to corresponding results for conventional Cuprophan dialyzers. Clinical evaluation of sorbent membrane dialyzers for patients with uremia and intoxication, both with and without use of dialysate, has proven effective with no adverse reactions.
Chronic Hemofiltration
Authors: Schaefer Klaus , Herrath Dietrich v. , Gullberg Claes A. , Asmus Gemot , Hüfler Michael , Offermann Gerd , Cremer Heinz , Heuck Claus C. , Ritz Eberhard 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTThe experiences which have been compiled in more than 2400 hemofiltrations confirm that this method represents an alternative way of treating uremic patients. The main advantages of chronic hemofiltration are the comfort of the patient and the ease in handling excess overhydration without extending treatment time, which is less than 3 × 3 hours/week if adequate hemofilters are used. With regard to the improvement of such typical uremic complications as severe hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia or neuropathy, hemofiltration does not seem to be superior to hemodialysis. However, since most hemofiltration patients do not require phosphate binders and, additionally, remarkable amounts of parathyroid hormone are removed during one hemofiltration, it appears possible that hemofiltration might be an important therapeutic alternative for those renal patients who suffer from severe hyperphosphatemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism.
Clearance of Meprobamate by Hemoperfusion Over Columns of Charcoal and Amberlite Resin
Authors: Hoy Wendy , Schwab Gary , Freeman Richard B. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTPerfusion of the blood of a patient with toxic levels of meprobamate through an activated charcoal cartridge resulted in efficient early clearance of the drug, then a decline in extraction. Perfusion through a resin column resulted in total drug extraction without a decline in clearance over four hours. Both procedures were stable with minimal disturbance in hematological values or blood chemistries. This is the first report of in vivo hemoperfusion over resin for meprobamate poisoning. The efficacy and safety of the procedure need emphasis.
Partial Artificial Heart (ALVAD) Use with Subsequent Cardiac and Renal Allografting in a Patient with Stone Heart Syndrome
Authors: Norman John C. , Dacso Clifford C. , Reul George J. , Massin Edward K. , Klima Tomas , Kahan Barry D. , Reiser John T. , Cooley Denton A. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTThe abdominal left ventricular assist device (ALVAD) is an order of magnitude more effective than conventional intra‐aortic balloon pumping (IABP) in unloading and providing circulatory support to the failing left ventricle. This is a report of a unique case which demonstrates that in the absence of pulmonary vascular obstruction or constriction, the ALVAD can substitute for both left and right heart function. A 21‐year‐old patient with a congenital bicuspid aortic valve developed acute valvular endocarditis which rapidly progressed to congestive heart failure. An operation was undertaken, the mitral and aortic valves were excised and replaced by porcine heterografts, and a fistula from the right sinus of Valsalva to the right ventricle was closed. When coronary circulation was restored, irreversible ischemic contracture of the left ventricle, or “stone heart” syndrome, developed and emergency ALVAD or partial artificial heart implantation was effected. This device functioned as a total artificial heart for nearly six days, while a donor heart was sought. The patient then underwent removal of the ALVAD and cardiac and renal allografting. The transplanted heart functioned well, but the patient expired fifteen days later from gram‐negative sepsis.
Mannitol and Maintenance Hernodialysis
Authors: Swamy Alagiri P. , Cestero Rafael V. M. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTThe extensive use of mannitol during maintenance hemodialysis prompted a study of mannitol kinetics. In 17 patients receiving empirical mannitol therapy, residual levels range from 19 to 100 mg%. In vitro mannitol clearance exceeds 125 ml/min for the CDAK 5 and PF 1.6 dialyzers, while in vivo clearance ranges from 98 to 140 ml/min in the Triex 1, PF 1.6 and CDAK 5. Despite an apparently adequate clearance rate, mannitol administered during dialysis is incompletely removed. Repeated use of mannitol during dialysis leads to mannitol accumulation. Clinical significance of the residual mannitol levels needs further evaluation.
Ultrastructural Characteristics of Dog and Human Platelets Adherent to Native and Collagen‐Coupled Cuprophan
Authors: Lewis Jon C. , Didisheim Paul , Grabowski Eric F. , Mann Kenneth G. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTAdhesion of human and dog platelets to native and collagen‐coupled Cuprophan under defined flow conditions was studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Dog platelets, singly adherent to and uniformly distributed on both native and collagen‐coupled Cuprophan, extend slender pseudopods across the surface without evidence of degranulation. Human platelets, while not adhering to native Cuprophan, formed irregularly shaped, semi‐confluent cytoplasmic sheets on the collagen‐coupled surface. Extensive cytoplasmic reorganization and degranulation suggests a post‐release state of the human platelets. Aspirin had no apparent effect on either human or dog platelet adhesion or upon the apparent release state of the human platelets.
Initial Experiences with Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Fenton Stanley S. A. , Cattran Daniel C. , Allen Ann‐Frances , Rutledge Paul , Ampil Mercedes , Dadson Joseph , Locking Heather , Smith Susan D. , Wilson Douglas R. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTContinuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) has been initiated on 51 patients: 27 females (mean age — 43.9 years) and 24 males (mean age — 46.4 years). This group has been observed for a total of 1420 patient weeks of treatment (27.3 patient years).Thirty‐six episodes of peritonitis have been noted among 19 patients. The overall incidence was one episode per 39.4 patient weeks. Recurrent episodes of peritonitis resulted in discontinuation of CAPD in five (9.8%) of the patients. Three (5.9%) of the patients were unable to continue with CAPD because of its inability to control extracellular fluid balance.In the patients who transferred from intermittent peritoneal dialysis to CAPD, there was a 4.5 mg/dl drop in serum creatinine and a 34 mg/dl drop in mean BUN values. There was a rise of approximately 2 gm in the hemoglobin levels of this group of patients. If the problem of peritonitis can be solved, CAPD will become the dialytic treatment of choice for the majority of patients with end‐stage renal disease.
Subcutaneous Peritoneal Catheter: 2½Years Experience
Authors: Kablitz Carl , Kessler Thomas , Dew Pamela A. , Stephen Robert L. , Kolff Willem J. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTA subcutaneous peritoneal catheter (SCPC) developed at the University of Utah has been used for chronic peritoneal dialysis in this center during the last 2% years. Fifty‐six SCPC's were implanted in 48 patients for a total of 11, 260 days (30.8 patient years). The SCPC's were used for peritoneal dialysis for 7831 days (21.4 patient years) for 3356 peritoneal dialyses, the longest for 778 days (2.1 years). The SCPC remained functioning in ten patients during periods of nonuse, e. g., successful renal transplant, for 1908 days (5.2 patient years). The functional status of the SCPC was unknown in five patients lost to follow‐up for 809 days. Functional outflow obstruction episodes occurred 39 times during peritoneal dialysis (1 per 6.6 patient months); 29 of these episodes were corrected by either bedside maneuvers or minor surgical procedures. Five out of ten SCPC's removed for obstruction were successfully replaced. Twenty‐nine infections occurred (0.80% of peritoneal dialyses), resulting in nine SCPC removals (three successfully replaced). In spite of the necessary insertion of a 14‐g needle for each peritoneal dialysis, the SCPC was well accepted by the patients, mostly because of the reduced care required and the increased personal freedom gained during the interdialytic interval. The long periods of patency during nonuse (up to 397 days) further indicated the possible usefulness of the SCPC as a back‐up device for hemodialysis patients. This could greatly reduce the problems associated with temporary loss of blood access in patients on hemodialysis.
Applications of the Redy® Sorbent System to Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Blumenkrantz Michael J. , Gordon Arthur , Roberts Martin , Lewin Andrew J. , Peeker Edwin A. , Moran John K. , Coburn Jack W. , Maxwell Morton H. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTThe application of sorbent technology to the treatment of uremia has been limited by the inability to adsorb urea adequately. Conversion of urea to ammonium carbonate and adsorption by zirconium phosphate provides a practical means of removing urea. This combination, together with hydrated zirconium oxide and carbon, removes uremic waste products from dialysate. Over 1500 patients are undergoing maintenance hemodialysis with this system. The dialysate composition can be modified for the treatment of patients with acute renal failure. This sorbent system is now being used for the regeneration of peritoneal dialysate. Twenty patients have undergone a total of 90 dialyses, each of 4 to 24 hours duration. One home patient has been solely on this system for two months. The application of sorbent technology to peritoneal dialysis may be the most promising approach to a wearable dialysis system.
The Use of Lyophilized Vein Grafts in Vascular Access for Chronic Hemodialysis
Authors: Merrill Richard H. , McLeod Charles G. , Jarstfer Bruce S. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTThe feasibility of utilizing lyophilized veins for creation of A‐V fistulas was examined in two studies. In Study I, the longevity of lyophilized vein fistulas was found to be comparable to that of fresh veins in the experimental animal. Study II showed that lyophilized cadaveric veins performed at least as well as bovine grafts when used for vascular access in chronic hernodialysis patients. The advantages of lyophilized veins for creation of A‐V fistulas in dialysis patients are described.
A New Method of Urea Removal Using Urease and Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Membrane
Authors: Ota Kazuo , Era Kazuo , Suwa Shuji , Kaneko Iwakazu , Aida Kazuo , Agishi Tetsuzo 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTA new method for urea removal using a gas membrane is introduced along with some preliminary results. The membrane used was expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (E‐PTFE) which is highly permeable to gaseous substances, while at the same time it is highly resistant to water permeation.In in vitro experiments using 10 mmol/L ammonia solution it was revealed that the single‐pass reduction rate was approximately 95% at 30°C at a flow rate of 200 ml/min.In animal experiments using four dogs, the extraction rate of urea was 40.4 ± 4.4% after four hours of dialysis using 5 L dialysate. However, elevation of blood ammonia was observed in all dogs tested.Removal of ammonia by means of a gas membrane is considered to be feasible and has the possibility of being used for maintenance hemodialysis in combination with urease and charcoal.
In Vitro Comparison of Observed and Calculated Mitral Valve Areas
Authors: Walker David K. , Scotten Lawrence N. , Brownlee Richard T. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTMitral valve bioprostheses (29 mm in diameter) were tested to determine how well areas observed in vitro correlated with the areas calculated using clinical formulas. A hydromechanical left heart and a mock circulation provided close simulation of physiological geometxies, pressures and flows. The test facility was instrumented to accurately measure and record unsteady pressure and flow. Transparent materials allowed detailed cinematography of valve action from the ventricular aspect. The photographic records were digitized and computer processed to determine the temporal variation of valve area at three different heart rates. The calculated valve areas were obtained by substituting pressure and flow measurements into the formulas of Aaslid and Gorlin and compared with the maximum observed areas measured at the exit plane of the valves. The Aaslid formula uses the instantaneous transvalvular pressure difference measured at peak flow. The Gorlin formula uses mean transvalvular pressure difference and stroke volume during ventricular diastole. The observed and calculated areas correlated well for the three Hancock (Hancock Laboratories, Inc., Anaheim, California, U.S.A.) and two Carpentier‐Edwards (Edwards Laboratories, Santa Ana, California, U.S.A.) valves tested, with the Aaslid formula showing a closer correlation than the Gorlin formula. The formulas, however, significantly underestimated the area calculated for the two Ionescu‐Shiley (Shiley, Inc., Irvine, California, U.S.A.) valves tested. The reasons for this discrepancy are discussed.
A New Technique to Increase Coronary Flow Preliminary Report
Authors: Moulopoulos Spyridon , Stamatelopoulos Stamatios , Boufas Demetrios , Yannopoulos Christos , Marousis George , Kouvaras George 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTThis study was planned to investigate whether part of the energy produced by cardiac contraction to propel blood toward the systemic circulation can be used to increase the coronary flow in systole. Ten devices (I—X) designed to divert laterally part of a flow column (without substantially increasing resistance to flow) were tested in a mock circulation and in nine anesthetized dogs. An increase of 11.69 ± 1.97% (mean k SEM, P<0.005) in “coronary flow” and of 8.980.56% (mean±çM, P < 0.001) in coronary sinus flow were obtained with device I mounted on a stylet and placed above the “aortic valve” in the mock circulation and the dogs, respectively, without increasing the flow resistance. The results indicate the possibility of diverting part of the aortic flow toward the coronary arteries without increasing mean aortic pressure.
Collagen Film for Burn Wound Dressings Reconstituted from Animal Intestines
Authors: Shettigar U. R. , Jagannathan R. , Natarajan R. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTCollagen was isolated and purified from sheep intestines and cast into a film. The collagen film was cross‐linked with ultraviolet light and reinforced by imbedding a nylon mesh. The collagen membrane was evaluated as a wound dressing for second‐ and third‐degree burns in rats. Histopathological studies of the burns with and without the collagen dressings were made. The study showed the burn wounds dressed with collagen membrane exhibited rapid epithelialization with little inflammatory change and dense fibrous tissue ingrowth in the subdermal layers.
Total Implantation of a Remotely Controlled Insulin Minipump in a Human Insulin‐Dependent Diabetic
Authors: Selam J. L. , Slingeneyer A. , Chaptal P. A. , Franetzki M. , Prestele K. , Mirouze J. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTThis study reports our first total implantation of an insulin minipump in a severely unstable 23‐year‐old female insulin‐dependent diabetic.The implantable unit includes a stepping motor, a per‐cutaneously refillable insulin reservoir (10 ml, U 100 special insulin), a battery with a life span of one year, and a method for prevention of overdosage. Variable continuous basal and superimposed 1‐hour high rates are programmed and checked via an external remote controller. The pump was inserted in the lateral muscles of the abdomen and the insulin delivery catheter terminated in the peritoneal cavity.Excellent glycemic control was reached rapidly and has continued seven months after implantation (mean blood glucose is 123 ± 62 mg/dl; glycosylated hemoglobin is 7.0 ± 1.2%), with the unit providing the only source of insulin. The only negative aspects were a chronic lymphorrhea in the first two months, and a need for frequent and laborious insulin refills (every 20 days). Only slight local discomfort was experienced.Thus, although further miniaturization and autonomy are expected, these preliminary results show that with careful instruction and followup, implanted pumps could represent a reliable and safe alternative to conventional insulin therapy for selected diabetics.
Fibronectin Coating of Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) Grafts and Its Role in Endothelial Seeding
Authors: Vohra R. K. , Thompson G. J. L. , Sharma H. , Carr H. M. H. , Walker M. G. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract: Although fibronectin's role as a matrix to improve endothelial seeding has been demonstrated by other workers, the optimum concentration for use has never been described. Attachment of fibronectin to expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) was measured, using 125I‐radiolabeled protein, at different concentrations and for different time periods. The absolute amount of fibronectin bound to the graft increased with the concentrations used in coating (p < 0.001) and also with time (p < 0.01); e.g., at 50 μg/ml, 90 min of incubation produced a molecular attachment of 4.0 × 1011/cm2 of graft.However, its percentage attachment decreased with a rise in concentration (p < 0.001). After an initial loss of 22% in 30 min, the fibronectin‐graft bond was found to be stable when exposed to a shear stress produced by flow at 200 ml/min. No significant difference in the cell adherence could be found in grafts coated with fibronectin concentrations of 50, 150, and 250 μg/ml, although it was significantly less at 10 and 25 μg/ml (p < 0.05).