bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CYP86B1 Is Required for Very Long Chainω-Hydroxyacid andα,ω-Dicarboxylic Acid Synthesis in Root and Seed Suberin Polyester
Authors: Compagnon Vincent , Diehl Patrik , Benveniste Irène , Meyer Denise , Schaller Hubert , Schreiber Lukas , Franke Rochus , Pinot Franck 
Published: June 2009

AbstractSuberin composition of various plants including Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) has shown the presence of very long chain fatty acid derivatives C20 in addition to the C16 and C18 series. Phylogenetic studies and plant genome mining have led to the identification of putative aliphatic hydroxylases belonging to the CYP86B subfamily of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases. In Arabidopsis, this subfamily is represented by CYP86B1 and CYP86B2, which share about 45% identity with CYP86A1, a fatty acid ω-hydroxylase implicated in root suberin monomer synthesis. Here, we show that CYP86B1 is located to the endoplasmic reticulum and is highly expressed in roots. Indeed, CYP86B1 promoter-driven β-glucuronidase expression indicated strong reporter activities at known sites of suberin production such as the endodermis. These observations, together with the fact that proteins of the CYP86B type are widespread among plant species, suggested a role of CYP86B1 in suberin biogenesis. To investigate the involvement of CYP86B1 in suberin biogenesis, we characterized an allelic series of cyp86B1 mutants of which two strong alleles were knockouts and two weak ones were RNA interference-silenced lines. These root aliphatic plant hydroxylase lines had a root and a seed coat aliphatic polyester composition in which C22- and C24-hydroxyacids and α,ω-dicarboxylic acids were strongly reduced. However, these changes did not affect seed coat permeability and ion content in leaves. The presumed precursors, C22 and C24 fatty acids, accumulated in the suberin polyester. These results demonstrate that CYP86B1 is a very long chain fatty acid hydroxylase specifically involved in polyester monomer biosynthesis during the course of plant development.
A Cell Wall–Degrading Esterase of Xanthomonas oryzae Requires a Unique Substrate Recognition Module for Pathogenesis on Rice
Authors: Aparna Gudlur , Chatterjee Avradip , Sonti Ramesh V. , Sankaranarayanan Rajan 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae (Xoo) causes bacterial blight, a serious disease of rice (Oryza sativa). LipA is a secretory virulence factor of Xoo, implicated in degradation of rice cell walls and the concomitant elicitation of innate immune responses, such as callose deposition and programmed cell death. Here, we present the high-resolution structural characterization of LipA that reveals an all-helical ligand binding module as a distinct functional attachment to the canonical hydrolase catalytic domain. We demonstrate that the enzyme binds to a glycoside ligand through a rigid pocket comprising distinct carbohydrate-specific and acyl chain recognition sites where the catalytic triad is situated 15 Å from the anchored carbohydrate. Point mutations disrupting the carbohydrate anchor site or blocking the pocket, even at a considerable distance from the enzyme active site, can abrogate in planta LipA function, exemplified by loss of both virulence and the ability to elicit host defense responses. A high conservation of the module across genus Xanthomonas emphasizes the significance of this unique plant cell wall–degrading function for this important group of plant pathogenic bacteria. A comparison with the related structural families illustrates how a typical lipase is recruited to act on plant cell walls to promote virulence, thus providing a remarkable example of the emergence of novel functions around existing scaffolds for increased proficiency of pathogenesis during pathogen-plant coevolution.
Modelling and simulation of mechanical transmission in roller‐screw electromechanical actuators
Authors: Karam Wissam , Mare Jean‐Charles 
Published: June 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop accurate model and simulation of mechanical power transmission within roller‐screw electromechanical actuators with special attention to friction, compliance and inertia effects. Also, to propose non‐intrusive experiments for the identification of model parameters with an integrator or system‐oriented view.Design/methodology/approachAt system design level, the actuation models need to reproduce with confidence the energy losses and the main dynamic effects. The adopted modelling methodology is based on non‐intrusive measurements taken on a standard actuator test‐bench. The actuator model is first structured with respect to the bond‐graph formalism that allows a clear identification of the considered effects and associated causalities for model implementation. Various approaches are then combined, mixing blocked or moving load, position or torque control and time or frequency domains analysis. The friction representation model is suggested using a step‐by‐step approach that covers a wide domain of operation. The model is validated under varying torque and speed conditions.FindingsA structured model is introduced with support of the bond‐graph formalism. Combining blocked/moving load and time/frequency domain experiments allows the development of progressive model identification. An advanced friction representation model is proposed including the effects of speed, transmitted force, quadrant of operation and roller‐screw preload.Originality/valueMechanical transmission energy losses and dynamics are modelled in a system‐oriented view without massive need to confidential design parameters. Not only speed but also load and operation quadrant effects are reproduced by the proposed friction model. The non‐intrusive experimental procedure is made consistent with use of a standard actuator test‐bench.
Robust attitude acquisition for micro‐satellite
Authors: Chen Weiyue , Jing Wuxing 
Published: June 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the problem of the initial attitude detumbling and acquisition for micro‐satellite using geomagnetism with the aid of the pitch momentum bias, and the application of the feedback linearization method, H∞ and μ‐synthesize control theory in the robust attitude acquisition controller design.Design/methodology/approachThe pitch flywheels establish the momentum bias state in the beginning of the detumbling stage and keep the momentum bias state thereafter. The geomagnetic change rate feedback detumbling controller is used to detumble the micro‐satellite and the gyroscope rigidity is utilized to capture orbital negative normal orientation in the detumbling and attitude acquisition phase. Feedback linearization method is adopted to obtain the linear attitude dynamics. Based on the feedback linearization model, a quasi proportion differential (PD) controller is designed, meanwhile H∞ and μ‐synthesis control theories are adopted to synthesis the robust attitude acquisition controllers.FindingsThe pitch momentum bias‐aided attitude detumbling and acquisition method make the capture of the orbital negative normal orientation faster and more accurate than the classical initial operation process. Quasi PD and H∞ have greater robustness than the classical PD attitude acquisition controller in normal geomagnetic case; quasi PD and μ‐synthesis have greater robustness than the classical PD attitude acquisition controller in magnetic storm case.Originality/valueProvides pitch momentum bias‐aided attitude detumbling and acquisition method for the micro‐satellite and the robust attitude acquisition controller design technology.
Active vibration control of a laminated composite plate subjected to blast load
Authors: Uyanık Haydar , Mecitoğlu Zahit 
Published: June 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a structural vibration control system by using a state observer which estimates system states using displacements measured from sensors.Design/methodology/approachFriedlander's exponential decay function is used for expressing the blast load model. A semiloof shell element is developed in order to account for piezoelectric effects. The composite plate is discretized by using the semiloof shell elements, and stiffness and mass matrices of the plate are obtained from the finite element model. In order to reduce the degrees of freedom of the finite element model, mode summation method is used with weighted modal vector including initial dominant modes in the dynamic behavior.FindingsThe structural vibrations are suppressed successfully and in an optimal way by using a state observer control system which estimates system states using displacements measured from sensors.Originality/valueThis paper shows, for the first time, that vibrations of a cantilevered composite plate subjected to blast loading are suppressed by the use of piezoelectric actuators. The state observer and optimal linear quadratic regulator are both used at the same time to suppress the vibrations.
The turbo fan aircraft minimum cost climb technique
Authors: Mirosavljević P. , Gvozdenović S. , Čokorilo O. 
Published: June 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to define minimum cost technique of turbo fan transport aircraft in the presence of dynamic change of aircraft performance. Results can be practical applicable in airlines for achieving minimal operation costs.Design/methodology/approachLogarithmic differential is applied for defining conditions in order to achieve optimal Mach number for minimal climb cost. This condition is solved numerically by using Newton‐Ramphson method, to obtain optimal Mach number distribution with altitude. Conclusion about optimal top of climb (TOC) is defined after analyses for different aircraft mass and cost indexes.FindingsProposed method of minimum cost climb resulting in potential savings up to 5 per cent compared to Aircraft Flight Manual climb law. Proposed method also made correction of climb law and optimal TOC under existence of aircraft performance degradation.Practical implicationsUse of defined climb law and optimal TOC will minimize cost of en route flight profile.Originality/valueAt present, there is no definition of climb technique for minimum cost of en route flight profile, under dynamic degradation of aircraft performance. Final results are standardized to become applicable and easy to use with modern and old type of flight management system.
Redundancy handling – a key training need
Authors: Rees W. David , Porter Christine 
Published: June 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify and explain key training needs regarding redundancy handling which is increasingly affecting people, often for the first timeDesign/methodology approachThe authors use their background in the employee relations area to identify and explain key skills that are involved in redundancy handling. While knowledge of relevant law is part of what is required, it is only one aspect. Managers can suddenly find that they are thrust into a complicated conflict situation, in a deteriorating workplace atmosphere when they may also be unsure about their own job security.FindingsStaff surpluses do not automatically mean redundancy. Options can include re‐deployment, short‐time working, temporary lay‐offs and temporary closure and pay cuts. However, in these situations, as with redundancy, managers may find that the situation may be very stressful. This may be aggravated by a collapse in morale combined with a need to maintain a reduced level of production and/or services. Policies of multi‐skilling may both help avoid redundancy in the first place and failing that help with the re‐deployment of surplus staff. Training and development may also have a crucial role in helping an organisation adapt to the circumstances that caused a staff surplus. Adaptation is likely to need to include the positive management of redundancy survivors.Originality/valueThere are two main features of the paper – it explains the key issues in redundancy handling for people who may be unexpectedly involved in it – which is increasingly likely; it also focuses on the training issues – especially for those having to implement redundancy.
Leadership, beyond project management
Authors: Clarke Prudence A. 
Published: June 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to raise awareness of the need to understand the differences between management and leadership within the project environment.Design/methodology/approachFirst stage research involved data analysis from forum, workshops, group to one, one to one interviews. Second stage research involves a five‐year PhD study undertaken by the author.FindingsThe paper highlights the need not only to understand the difference between project management and leadership, but also to use this differentiation in the identification, assessment and development of project services providers and as an integral part of organisational and people development for all companies involved in sponsoring, supporting or delivering projects.Practical implicationsThe premise is that the emphasis needs to be on project leadership to achieve a successful projectOriginality/valueThe paper includes research within a specific industry based on identification of a market niche.
The Google Book settlement and academic libraries
Authors: Joint Nicholas 
Published: June 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to illustrate issues surrounding the Google Book settlement in 2009, and its relevance to libraries by general discussion and examples from library practice.Design/methodology/approachA set of projections and speculations that are both conceptual and practical in nature, based on early reactions and comments about this development.FindingsThere are many philosophical and moral objections to the consequences of the Google Book settlement, and that the practical effects for academic libraries could be both positive and/or negative. The practical examples of such outcomes are designed to help clarify the implications for library and information practitioners and generate further debate.Research limitations/implicationsThe fact that the Book settlement is a legal arrangement between parties in a civil court makes in depth research analysis of a public nature very difficult – which is in itself one of the main themes of the paper.Practical implicationsThe teasing out of the real‐life consequences of the settlement are intended be helpful to the library practitioner.Originality/valueThis paper tries to offer an early insight into an important new development in information retrieval history from the point of view of academic librarians, in contrast to much contemporary comment, which has come from authors and rights holders.
Inferential information‐seeking
Authors: Shenton Andrew K. 
Published: June 2009

PurposeUsing a variety of evidence this paper aims to develop the concept of “inferential information‐seeking”. The term itself is new and the type of phenomena it addresses has been the subject of limited attention.Design/methodology/approachThe author considers inferential information‐seeking in the context of three distinct scenarios, each of which has come to the writer's attention through either the literature or his own direct experience.FindingsExploration of the identified instances of inferential information‐seeking reveals that the strategy is a circuitous one employed by individuals when faced with barriers that impede their use of more obvious methods of finding information. Substantial mental effort may be required on the user's part to exploit the information elicited in such a way as to satisfy the information need stimulating the action.Research limitations/implicationsThe notion of inferential information‐seeking postulated here is based on a very small number of cases, none of which has come to light in research specially undertaken to investigate the phenomenon.Practical implicationsEven though knowledge of inferential information‐seeking is still in its infancy, it would appear appropriate to incorporate some provision for it in the teaching of information literacy.Originality/valueIntended for information practitioners and academics alike, the paper synthesizes a new concept through examination of actual information‐seeking episodes with reference to a wide‐ranging body of source material. An understanding of inferential information‐seeking offers the potential to increase our comprehension of how individuals find information, as well as to add a further dimension to information literacy instruction.
Higher development, brain integration, and excellence in leadership
Authors: Harung Harald , Travis Fred , Blank Warren , Heaton Dennis 
Published: June 2009

PurposeToday, there is a global need for more effective leaders. The purpose of this paper is to present a model of human development which covers the psychological, physiological, and sociological dimensions of leadership.Design/methodology/approachThe authors review three research studies in which they have investigated the relationships between consciousness, psycho‐physiological integration, and leadership performance using physiological measures, psychological tests, and self‐reports.FindingsThese studies support the model that leadership ability is closely related to psycho‐physiological refinement – the authors found that higher integration of the electrical brain activity, more mature moral reasoning, and more frequent peak experiences are found in top performers compared to average performers.Research limitations/implicationsThe high frequency of peak experiences among top performers reveals the importance of such gratifying inner experiences for the business community.Practical implicationsThe research suggests that practical methods for psycho‐physiological refinement – such as the widely researched Transcendental Meditation technique – can be useful in developing more effective leadership. The brain integration scale presented here may be a reliable objective instrument for assessing an individual's leadership and performance capacity.Originality/valueA unique contribution of the authors' research is to recognize that integrity – an essential requisite for leadership – has a physiological counterpart in the integration seen in the functioning of the brain through electroencephalography.
Deconstructing market responses
Authors: Arend Richard J. 
Published: June 2009

PurposeThe aim is to present, explain and illustrate an improved method for decomposing an event‐based change in market value into its cash flow and risk elements.Design/methodology/approachThe approach is two‐fold. There is an algebraic comparison of the existing and improved decomposition to prove and delineate the benefits of the new method. There is an event study, using 130 firms, contrasting the results of the existing and improved methods.FindingsThe new, alternative method of decomposition is easier to use, provides a cleaner delineation of the components, and results in increased statistical significance in tests.Research limitations/implicationsResearchers now have access to an improved methodology for decomposing market value changes. Explicit limitations reveal when the new method provides benefits over the current method.Practical implicationsManagers considering strategic decisions now have an improved method to understand the main impacts on market value. For example, by decomposing the market's reaction to an acquisition announcement, managers can gauge better whether following through that decision is likely to have intended effects on the firm's cash flow and risk profile.Originality/valueThe value of this paper is the presentation of an improved method for event‐study type research, where delineation of the basis elements of changes in market value is required. Originality lies in the use of implied standard deviation (ISD) as an even more focused way to apply this new method when the target firms regularly trade financial options.
Intuition, prayer, and managerial decision‐making processes: a religion‐based framework
Authors: Ferreira Vasconcelos Anselmo 
Published: June 2009

PurposeExecutives are challenged every day to make important decisions that affect the performance of their business enterprises and, as a result, the success of their own careers. Based on that scenario, one cannot expect that only the rational approach works like a panacea for all managerial problems. This paper aims to propose that the best solution tends to embrace a complementary or integrated decision‐making approach.Design/methodology/approachThe paper seeks to demonstrate that the convergence between rational and non‐rational decision‐making processes can be optimized by integrating several religious tenets.FindingsThe paper finds strong evidence that a religion‐based framework might enrich the sensitive topic of decision‐making processes in organizations.Practical implicationsOverall, the paper strives to show that intuition and prayer are two faces of the same coin, and argues that both forms of decision processes (e.g. rational and non‐rational analysis) might coexist perfectly in an integrative frame.Originality/valueThe article proposes prayer as a transcendent coping mechanism whereby executives might refine their intuition flux. As a result, it depicts a conceptual framework encapsulating all those constructs.
The role of luck in the strategy‐performance relationship
Authors: Parnell John A. , Dent Eric B. 
Published: June 2009

PurposeStrategic management scholars seek to link strategic factors to performance. When specific causal links cannot be identified, however, other potential explanations should be considered, including the notion of luck. This paper aims to introduce a distinction between scholarly and practitioner perspectives of luck and identifies why this distinction is critical to both scholars and practitioners.Design/methodology/approachThis paper proposes a framework linking luck and competitive advantage. It also reports the results of an exploratory empirical investigation on the perceived role of luck in firm performance.FindingsScholars and practitioners have different views of luck's role in organizational performance. Managers are more likely to assign luck for bad outcomes rather than good. In addition, the more quantitative a manager's work function, the less likely he or she is to perceive a luck‐performance linkage, and the higher the manager is in the organization, the more likely he or she is to perceive luck as affecting outcomes.Research limitations/implicationsThere are a number of reasons why luck should receive prominence when considering the strategy‐performance relationship: many of the linkages between strategic factors and performance are identified after the fact – they are viewed as causal when they were actually lucky; empirical research may identify relationships whether they actually exist; researchers tend to find what they are looking for; and academics will be more likely to explain “luck” if they are using the appropriate tools to reveal it.Practical implicationsThe positive link between management level and luck's role in performance identified in this study suggests that the more a manager knows about a firm's resources and attributes, the more likely he or she is to downplay the role they actually play in performance. From this perspective, managers seem more willing to acknowledge the role played by luck as they progress into greater levels of responsibility and control.Originality/valueA significant portion of empirical work seeks to explain differences in performance across organizations by identifying the links between various strategic factors and performance. Although this research has contributed much to the knowledge about the strategy‐performance nexus, it assumes that strategy‐performance linkages necessarily exist and that they can be readily identified. In other words, most scholarly work in this area is based on assumptions that minimize or preclude the role of luck or randomness in the determination of firm performance. Building on previous work, this paper adopts an alternative perspective on the strategy‐performance relationship, highlighting the often overlooked role of luck.