bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coeliac disease in children: a social epidemiological study in Sweden
Authors: Wingren Carl Johan , Björck Sara , Lynch Kristian F. , Ohlsson Henrik , Agardh Daniel , Merlo Juan 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAim:  Little is known on the possible existence of socioeconomic and geographical differences in early coeliac disease (CD) risk. Therefore, we investigated these aspects in children before age two.Methods:  Linking the Swedish Medical Birth Registry to several other national registries, we identified all singletons born in Sweden from 1987 to 1993 (n = 792 401) and followed them until 2 years of age to identify cases of CD. Applying multilevel logistic regression analysis, we investigated the association between socioeconomic position (SEP) and CD in children and also whether a possible geographical variation in CD risk was explained by individual characteristics.Results:  Low SEP was associated with CD in boys OR 1.37 (95% CI 1.03–1.82), but not in girls OR 0.87 (95% CI 0.68–1.12). We found a considerable geographical variation in disease risk (i.e. intra‐municipality correlation ≈ 10%) that was not explained by individual characteristics.Conclusions:  Low SEP is associated with CD in boys but not in girls. Also, CD appears to be conditioned by geographical area of residence. While our study represents an innovative contribution to the epidemiology of CD in children, the reasons for the observed geographical and socioeconomic differences could be speculated but are still unknown.
Lung function in children born after foetal growth restriction and very preterm birth
Authors: Morsing Eva , Gustafsson Per , Brodszki Jana 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAims:  To assess lung function at early school age in children delivered at very early gestation owing to intrauterine growth restriction and abnormal foetal blood flow (IUGR).Methods:  Spirometry was performed at median age 8.4 (range 6.5–10.7) years in 31 children born preterm with IUGR (PT‐IUGR) with a median (range) birth weight (BW) of 650 (395–976) g and median (range) gestational age 27 (24–29) weeks. Control groups were matched for gender and age and had BW appropriate for gestational age (AGA); 31 children born preterm (PT‐AGA) with BW of 1010 (660–1790) g matched for gestational age at birth, and 31 children born at term (T‐AGA) with BW of 3530 (3000–4390) g.Results:  The PT‐IUGR group had lower mean (SD) values of z‐scores for FEV1, FEV1/FVC and forced mid‐expiratory flow rate (FEF25–75%) compared to the T‐AGA group, p = 0.003, p = 0.032 and p < 0.001, respectively, but did not differ from the PT‐AGA group. PT‐IUGR children delivered at ≥26 gestational weeks (GW) had lower FEF25–75% than PT‐AGA children of corresponding GA, p = 0.014.Conclusion:  Lung function was reduced in the PT‐IUGR group at early school age compared to controls born at term. The influence of IUGR on later lung function was only apparent in children born preterm after 26 GW.
Motor examination in children with Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Asperger Syndrome
Authors: Pasini Augusto , D’Agati Elisa , Pitzianti Mariabernarda , Casarelli Livia , Curatolo Paolo 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAim:  Evaluating whether motor skills could differentiate drug‐naive subjects with two neurodevelopmental disorders: Attention‐Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Asperger Syndrome (AS).Methods:  Thirty‐six boys (12 with ADHD, 12 with AS and 12 with typical development) aged 8–12 were evaluated using the Physical and Neurological Examination for Subtle Signs. Three primary outcome variables were obtained as follows: (i) total speed of timed activities, (ii) total overflow and (iii) total dysrhythmia.Results:  Children with AS performed more slowly than those with ADHD and healthy children independently of age and IQ. Total dysrhythmia differentiates ADHD and AS children from controls.Conclusion:  Dysfunction of the fronto‐striatal–cerebellar networks related to motor control could be the physiopathological basis of the reported findings.
Procalcitonin and valuable clinical symptoms in the early detection of neonatal late‐onset bacterial infection
Authors: Bohnhorst Bettina , Lange Matthias , Bartels Dorothee B , Bejo Levente , Hoy Ludwig , Peter Corinna 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAim:  To evaluate which clinical symptoms indicate proven neonatal bacterial infection (NBI) and whether measuring procalcitonin aside from C‐reactive protein and interleukin 6 improves sensitivity and specificity in diagnosis.Methods:  In a prospective observational study, clinical symptoms and procalcitonin, C‐reactive protein and interleukin 6 were simultaneously determined from the 4th day of life in 170 preterm and term neonates at the first time of suspicion of NBI. Proven NBI was defined as a positive culture of otherwise sterile body fluids or radiologically verified pneumonia in combination with elevated inflammatory markers.Results:  Fifty‐eight (34%) patients were diagnosed with proven late‐onset NBI. In case of proven NBI, odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals were 2.64 (1.06–6.54) for arterial hypotension, 5.16 (2.55–10.43) for feeding intolerance and 9.18 (4.10–20.59) for prolonged capillary refill. Sensitivity of combined determination of C‐reactive protein (>10 mg/L) and interleukin 6 (>100 pg/mL) was 91.4%, specificity 80.4%, positive predictive value 70.7% and negative predictive value 94.7%. The additional determination of procalcitonin (>0.7 ng/mL) resulted in 98.3%, 65.2%, 58.8% and 98.6%, respectively.Conclusion:  Arterial hypotension, feeding intolerance and especially prolonged capillary refill indicate proven neonatal late‐onset bacterial infection, even at the time of first suspicion. Additional measurement of procalcitonin does indeed improve sensitivity to nearly 100%, but is linked to a decline in specificity. Nevertheless, in the high‐risk neonatal population, additional procalcitonin measurement can be recommended because all infants with NBI have to be identified.
Testing general predictions of the stress gradient hypothesis under high inter‐ and intra‐specific nurse shrub variability along a climatic gradient
Authors: Madrigal‐González Jaime , García‐Rodríguez José A. , Alarcos‐Izquierdo Gonzalo 
Published: August 2011

AbstractQuestionCould inter‐ and intra‐specific shrub variability override abiotic stress in driving shrub‐grass interactions along an altitudinal gradient?LocationEleven sites along an altitudinal gradient in the mediterranean‐temperate transition of the central western Iberian Peninsula (Salamanca province, Spain).MethodsAmong study sites, different shrub species account for inter‐specific variability. At each site, three patches differing in age of dominant shrubs were established to represent intra‐specific variability. We established eight 25 × 25 cm sampling quadrants within and beyond the influence of shrubs, and surveyed abundance of a mesophytic perennial grass (Agrostis castellana) in each patch. As a surrogate of the balance in shrub‐grass interaction, we computed RII (relative intensity of interaction). Using PCA we reduced long‐term climatic data, and used the first axis as a proxy for climatic gradient. We modelled the abundance of A. castellana and RII by applying a type I likelihood ratio test (generalized linear model) to the nested design.ResultsPCA ordination showed a principal climatic gradient associated with altitude (increasing humid/colder towards higher altitude). Beyond the influence of shrubs, abundance of A. castellana among sites had a hump‐shaped relationship to the climatic gradient. Age of patches did not affect abundance of A. castellana in open habitats. Beneath shrubs, there were no significant effects of nurse species on abundance of A. castellana, nor any relationship to the climatic gradient. The balance of the interaction revealed significant differences among sites, reflecting net positive interactions at both climatic extremes of the gradient, and net negative interactions at intermediate climatic conditions. Shrub age had a significant effect on the balance of the interaction because of generalized neutral/positive, but not negative, effects of younger shrubs (7–10 years old) along the climatic gradient. Significant impacts of nurse shrub inter‐specific variability were associated with consistent positive effects of Cistus ladanifer on A. castellana abundance.ConclusionsInter‐ and intra‐specific shrub variability does not markedly affect general predictions of the stress gradient hypothesis. Hence, abiotic stresses were pivotal in driving the balance of the interaction between A. castellana and associated shrubs along the altitudinal gradient. The interaction shifted from negative to positive where there was a departure from the climatic optimum for A. castellana, irrespective of species or age of shrubs.
Health education programs may be as effective as exercise intervention on improving health‐related quality of life among Japanese people over 65 years
Authors: Tamari Kotaro , Kawamura Kenji , Sato Mitsuya , Harada Kazuhiro 
Published: August 2011

Aim:  The current study was aimed to examine the short‐term effects of a 3‐month health education program on health‐related quality of life using the Short‐Form 36.Methods:  Twenty‐five Japanese older people aged 65 and older in the health education program were compared with two historical control groups (n= 25 each) undertaking group and resistance exercise interventions and matched by age, sex and body mass index. A series of split‐design two‐way analyses of variance were conducted for data analysis.Results:  Significant improvements were observed in general health and vitality subscales of the Short‐Form 36 in the educational program group. Multivariate analyses, adjusted for several confounding factors, revealed that the effects of the three programs were comparable.Conclusions:  The findings suggest that a structured 3‐month educational program may be as effective as exercise interventions in improving general health and vitality in a community‐dwelling Japanese older population.
Bilateral luxatio erecta: Recognition and reduction
Authors: Marks Thomas Oliver McCall , Kelsall Nicola Kim Richmond , Southgate Jeremy James 
Published: August 2011

AbstractLuxatio erecta is the rarest form of shoulder dislocation, accounting for 0.5% of all glenohumeral dislocations. Bilateral cases are rarer still with only 12 accounts described in medical literature. We describe an unusual case and its management.
Introduction to Resuscitation of the Newborn Infant. ARC and NZRC Guideline 2010
Authors:   Australian Resuscitation Council, New Zealand Resuscitation Council
Published: August 2011

Introduction to Resuscitation of the Newborn Infant. ARC and NZRC Guideline 2010
Planning for Neonatal Resuscitation and Identification of the Newborn Infant at Risk. ARC and NZRC Guideline 2010
Assessment of the Newborn Infant. ARC and NZRC Guideline 2010
Airway Management and Mask Ventilation of the Newborn Infant. ARC and NZRC Guideline 2010
Tracheal Intubation and Ventilation of the Newborn Infant. ARC and NZRC Guideline 2010
Chest Compressions during Resuscitation of the Newborn Infant. ARC and NZRC Guideline 2010
Medication or Fluids for the Resuscitation of the Newborn Infant. ARC and NZRC Guideline 2010
The Resuscitation of the Newborn Infant in Special Circumstances. ARC and NZRC Guideline 2010
After the Resuscitation of a Newborn Infant. ARC and NZRC Guideline 2010
Ethical Issues in Resuscitation of the Newborn Infant. ARC and NZRC Guideline 2010
Discovery of the infrared counterpart of CXOUJ174437.3–323222 in the field of IGR J17448–3232: a blazar candidate viewed through the Galactic Centre?
Authors: Curran P. A. , Chaty S. , Zurita Heras J. A. , Tomsick J. A. , Maccarone T. J. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
We present our near-infrared ESO-NTT KS band observations of the field of IGR J17448−3232 which show no extended emission consistent with the supernova remnant (SNR), but in which we identify a new counterpart, also visible in Spitzer images up to 24 µm, at the position of the X-ray point source, CXOU J174437.3−323222. Multiwavelength spectral modelling shows that the data are consistent with a reddened and absorbed single power law over 5 orders of magnitude in frequency. This implies non-thermal, possibly synchrotron emission that renders the previous identification of this source as a possible pulsar, and its association to the SNR, unlikely; we instead propose that the emission may be due to a blazar viewed through the plane of the Galaxy.
The Instrumental Value of Explanations
Authors: Lombrozo Tania 
Published: August 2011

AbstractScientific and ‘intuitive’ or ‘folk’ theories are typically characterized as serving three critical functions: prediction, explanation, and control. While prediction and control have clear instrumental value, the value of explanation is less transparent. This paper reviews an emerging body of research from the cognitive sciences suggesting that the process of seeking, generating, and evaluating explanations in fact contributes to future prediction and control, albeit indirectly by facilitating the discovery and confirmation of instrumentally valuable theories. Theoretical and empirical considerations also suggest why explanations may nonethelessfeelintrinsically valuable. The paper concludes by considering some implications of the psychology of explanation for a naturalized philosophy of explanation.
Proof Theory for Modal Logic
Authors: Negri Sara 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe axiomatic presentation of modal systems and the standard formulations of natural deduction and sequent calculus for modal logic are reviewed, together with the difficulties that emerge with these approaches. Generalizations of standard proof systems are then presented. These include, among others, display calculi, hypersequents, and labelled systems, with the latter surveyed from a closer perspective.
B‐ and T‐cell memory elicited by a seasonal live attenuated reassortant influenza vaccine: assessment of local antibody avidity and virus‐specific memory T‐cells using trogocytosis‐based method
Authors: Petukhova Galina , Korenkov Daniil , Chirkova Tatiana , Donina Svetlana , Rudenko Larisa , Naykhin Anatoly 
Published: August 2011

Please cite this paper as:Petukhovaet al. (2011) B‐ and T‐cell memory elicited by a seasonal live attenuated reassortant influenza vaccine: assessment of local antibody avidity and virus‐specific memory T‐cells using trogocytosis‐based method. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses DOI: 10.1111/j.1750‐2659.2011.00279.x.Purpose The main purpose of vaccination is to generate immunological memory providing enhanced immune responses against infectious pathogens. The standard and most commonly used assay for influenza vaccine immunogenicity evaluation is a hemagglutination inhibition assay (HAI). It is clear now that HAI assay is unable to properly assess the proven protective immunity elicited by live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIV). New methods need to be developed for more accurate LAIV immunogenicity assessment and prediction of vaccine efficacy among target populations.Objective Randomized placebo‐controlled study of memory B‐ and T‐cell responses to intranasal LAIV in young adults.Methods A total of 56 healthy young adults 18–20 years old received seasonal monovalent LAIV. Mucosal memory B‐cell responses were measured by IgA avidity assessment in nasal swabs. CD4 memory T cells in peripheral blood were examined by the expression of CD45RO marker and in functional test by the ability of virus‐specific T cells to maintain the trogocytosis with antigen‐loaded target cells.Results Intranasal LAIV immunization enhances mucosal IgA avidity even without reliable increases in antibody titers. At the day 21 after vaccination, up to 40% of subjects demonstrated significant increases in both total and virus‐specific CD4 memory T cells that were observed regardless of seroconversion rate measured by HAI assay.Conclusion The data suggest that immunogenicity of LAIV vaccines should be evaluated on the mucosal and cellular immunity basis. The assays applied could be used to support influenza clinical trials through preliminary screening of volunteers and subsequent measurement of anti‐influenza in immunity.
Preservation of Acidified Cucumbers with a Combination of Fumaric Acid and Cinnamaldehyde That Target Lactic Acid Bacteria and Yeasts
Authors: Pérez‐Díaz Ilenys M. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract:  The naturally occurring compound, fumaric acid, was evaluated as a potential preservative for the long‐term storage of cucumbers. Fumaric acid inhibited growth of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in an acidified cucumber juice medium model system resembling conditions that could allow preservation of cucumbers in the presence of sodium benzoate. Forty millimolars of fumaric acid were required to inhibit growth of an extremely aciduric Lactobacillus plantarum LA0445 strain at pH 3.8. Half of this concentration was required to achieve inhibition of L. plantarum LA0445 at pH 3.5. As expected growth of the spoilage yeasts Zygosaccharomyces globiformis and Z. bailii was not inhibited by fumaric acid at near saturation concentrations in the same cucumber juice medium. To usefully apply fumaric acid as a preservative in acidified foods it will be necessary to combine it with a food grade yeast inhibitor. The antimicrobial agent, cinnamaldehyde (3.8 mM) prevented growth of Z. globiformis as well as the yeasts that were present on fresh cucumbers. Acidified cucumbers were successfully preserved, as indicated by lack of yeasts or LAB growth and microbial lactic acid or ethanol production by a combination of fumaric acid and cinnamaldehyde during storage at 30 °C for 2 mo. This combination of 2 naturally occurring preservative compounds may serve as an alternative approach to the use of sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, or sodium metabisulfite for preservation of acidified vegetables without a thermal process.Practical Application:  This study evaluates the potential application of alternative preservatives for the long‐term storage of cucumbers in a reduced NaCl cover brine solution and without a thermal process.
Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Meat Product Brines Containing Antimicrobials
Authors: Adler Jeremy M. , Geornaras Ifigenia , Byelashov Oleksandr A. , Belk Keith E. , Smith Gary C. , Sofos John N. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract:  Brine solution injection of beef contaminated with Escherichia coli O157:H7 on its surface may lead to internalization of pathogen cells and/or cross‐contamination of the brine, which when recirculated, may serve as a source of new product contamination. This study evaluated survival of E. coli O157:H7 in brines formulated without or with antimicrobials. The brines were formulated in sterile distilled water (simulating the composition of freshly prepared brines) or in a nonsterile 3% meat homogenate (simulating the composition of recirculating brines) at concentrations used to moisture‐enhance meat to 110% of initial weight, as follows: sodium chloride (NaCl, 5.5%) + sodium tripolyphosphate (STP, 2.75%), NaCl + sodium pyrophosphate (2.75%), or NaCl + STP combined with potassium lactate (PL, 22%), sodium diacetate (SD, 1.65%), PL + SD, lactic acid (3.3%), acetic acid (3.3%), citric acid (3.3%), nisin (0.0165%) + ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA, 200 mM), pediocin (11000 AU/mL) + EDTA, sodium metasilicate (2.2%), cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC, 5.5%), or hops beta acids (0.0055%). The brines were inoculated (3 to 4 log CFU/mL) with rifampicin‐resistant E. coli O157:H7 (8‐strain composite) and stored at 4 or 15 °C (24 to 48 h). Immediate (0 h) pathogen reductions (P < 0.05) of 1.8 to ≥2.4 log CFU/mL were observed in brines containing CPC or sodium metasilicate. Furthermore, brines formulated with lactic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, nisin + EDTA, pediocin + EDTA, CPC, sodium metasilicate, or hops beta acids had reductions (P < 0.05) in pathogen levels during storage; however, the extent of pathogen reduction (0.4 to > 2.4 log CFU/mL) depended on the antimicrobial, brine type, and storage temperature and time. These data should be useful in development or improvement of brine formulations for control of E. coli O157:H7 in moisture‐enhanced meat products.Practical Application:  Results of this study should be useful to the meat industry for developing or modifying brine formulations to reduce the risk of E. coli O157:H7 in moisture‐enhanced meat products.
How the choice of flood damage metrics influences urban flood risk assessment
Authors: ten Veldhuis J.A.E. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis study presents a first attempt to quantify tangible and intangible flood damage according to two different damage metrics: monetary values and number of people affected by flooding. Tangible damage includes material damage to buildings and infrastructure; intangible damage includes damages that are difficult to quantify exactly, such as stress and inconvenience. The data used are representative of lowland flooding incidents with return periods up to 10 years. The results show that monetarisation of damage prioritises damage to buildings in comparison with roads, cycle paths and footpaths. When, on the other hand, damage is expressed in terms of numbers of people affected by a flood, road flooding is the main contributor to total flood damage. The results also show that the cumulative damage of 10 years of successive flood events is almost equal to the damage of a singular event with a T = 125 years return period. Differentiation between urban functions and the use of different kinds of damage metrics to quantify flood risk provide the opportunity to weigh tangible and intangible damages from an economic and societal perspective.
Predicting the hydrodynamic forces on geobag revetments
Authors: Akter A. , Pender G. , Wright G. , Crapper M. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractSand‐filled geotextile bags (geobags) are commonly used for riverbank protection, however, despite their deployment in a significant number of locations, the failure modes of such structures are not well understood. This paper describes a series of 1:10 physical model tests designed to improve our understanding of the basic failure modes of geobag revetments used as river bank protection. In particular, the aim of the experimental programme is to quantify the relationship between hydraulic shear stress on the revetment surface and geobag displacement. The aspect of the work reported is the use of two analytical techniques, the Conveyance Estimation System (CES) and the membrane analogy method developed by Chow to predict hydraulic shear stress on the geobag surface. It is concluded that both methods produce acceptable shear stress predictions for the initially washed away bags, although the CES is recommended for future use because of its better prediction and ease of application.