bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular characterization of the human ABO blood group orthologus system in pigs
Authors: Nguyen D. T. , Choi H. , Jo H. , Kim J.‐H. , Dirisala V. R. , Lee K.‐T. , Kim T.‐H. , Park K.‐K. , Seo K. , Park C. 
Published: January 2011

SummaryThe selection and use of animals with blood group 0 in the process of transplanting pig organs or tissues into humans can positively contribute to the control of acute immune rejection due to differences in blood groups. Exon‐specific PCRs for theporcine blood group A transferasegene against genomic DNA from either blood group A or 0 animals resulted in the amplification failure of theA0 blood groupgene exon 8 from blood group 0 animals. To characterize the genetic abnormality in the genome of blood group 0 animals, we screened bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones from a Korean native pig BAC library which had the blood group 0 allele, and carried out shotgun sequencing. The analysis showed that the 0 allele has a large deletion between exon 7 of theA0blood group gene and the neighbouringSURF6. We also showed that the ABO blood group antigens in humans and the A0 blood group antigens in pigs are coded by mutations within the orthologousglycosyltransferasegene. In addition, we developed a multiplex genotyping method for the porcineA0blood group gene.
Analysis of international content of ranked nursing journals in 2005 using ex post facto design
Authors: Dougherty Molly C. , Lin Shu‐Yuan , McKenna Hugh P. , Seers Kate , Keeney Sinead 
Published: January 2011

dougherty m.c., lin s.‐y., mckenna h.p., seers k. & keeney s. (2011) Analysis of international content of ranked nursing journals in 2005 using ex post facto design. Journal of Advanced Nursing67(6), 1358–1369.AbstractAim.  The purpose of this study was to examine articles in ISI‐ranked nursing journals and to analyse the articles and journals, using definitions of international and article content.Background.  Growing emphasis on global health includes attention on international nursing literature. Contributions from Latin America and Africa have been reported. Attention to ranked nursing journals to support scholarship in global health is needed.Method.  Using an ex post facto design, characteristics of 2827 articles, authors and journals of 32 ranked nursing journals for the year 2005 were analysed between June 2006 and June 2007. Using definitions of international and of article content, research questions were analysed statistically.Findings.  (a) 928 (32·8%) articles were international; (b) 2016 (71·3%) articles were empirical or scholarly; (c) 826 (89·3%) articles reflecting international content were scholarly or empirical; (d) among international articles more were empirical (66·3% vs. 32·8%; χ2(1) = 283·6, P < 0·001); (e) among non‐international articles more were scholarly (29·9% vs. 22·7%; χ2(1) = 15·85, P < 0·001; 22·7%); (f) 1004 (78·0%) articles were international, based on author characteristics; (f) 20 (62·5%) journals were led by an international editorial team; and (g) international journals had more international articles (3·6% vs. 29·2%; χ2(1) = 175·75, P < 0·001) and higher impact factors than non‐international journals (t = −14·43, P < 0·001).Conclusion.  Articles with empirical content appear more frequently in international journals. Results indicate the need to examine the international relevance of the nursing literature.
Seclusion as a necessary intervention: the relationship between burnout, job satisfaction and therapeutic optimism and justification for the use of seclusion
Authors: Happell Brenda , Koehn Stefan 
Published: January 2011

happell b. & koehn s. (2011) Seclusion as a necessary intervention: the relationship between burnout, job satisfaction and therapeutic optimism and justification for the use of seclusion. Journal of Advanced Nursing67(6), 1222–1231.AbstractAims.  This paper is a report of the study of nurses’ attitudes to the use of seclusion. More specifically, the aim was to address the relationship between burnout, job satisfaction and therapeutic optimism and justification of the use of seclusion.Background.  Research findings demonstrate that nurses continue to view seclusion as a necessary intervention. Factors that might be associated with attitudes have not been examined.Methods.  Questionnaires were distributed to nurses employed in inpatient units across eight mental health services in Queensland in 2008. Heyman Attitudes to Seclusion Survey, Elsom Therapeutic Optimism Scale, Maslach’s Burnout Inventory and Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaires were completed (N = 123). Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and Pearson product‐moment correlation coefficients.Results.  Most participants considered certain behaviours particularly those involving harm to self, others or to property as appropriate reasons for the use of seclusion and were consistent with their perceptions of the likely practice on their unit. An association was found between therapeutic optimism and emotional exhaustion (burnout) and justifications for the use of seclusion. Participants with higher optimism scores and lower scores for emotional exhaustion were significantly less likely to support the use of seclusion in specific situations.Conclusions.  The relationship between therapeutic optimism and emotional exhaustion gives new information that might influence strategies and approaches taken with the aim of reducing seclusion use. Further research is warranted to explore these relationships and their implications.
Nurse burnout and its association with occupational stress in a cross‐sectional study in Shanghai
Authors: Xie Zhenyu , Wang Aolin , Chen Bo 
Published: January 2011

xie z., wang a. & chen b. (2011) Nurse burnout and its association with occupational stress in a cross‐sectional study in Shanghai. Journal of Advanced Nursing67(7), 1537–1546.AbstractAim.  This paper is a report of a study investigating nurse burnout and its association with occupational stressors in Shanghai, China.Background.  Burnout is described as feelings of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment. Measuring burnout among nurses and its association with occupational stressors are important in providing appropriate intervention to reduce stress and burnout.Method.  In total, 527 nurses from 41 hospitals in Shanghai returned self‐reported questionnaires in June 2008. Their burden of burnout was measured by the Chinese version of ‘Maslach Burnout Inventory’, and their stress by the Chinese version of ‘job content questionnaire’ and ‘effort‐reward imbalance questionnaire’.Results.  Most nurses (74·76%) had a Demand/Control ratio higher than 1 and 27·13% had an Effort/Reward ratio higher than 1. The nurses showed a high level of emotional exhaustion, moderate level of depersonalization, and low level of reduced personal accomplishment. Linear regression analyses showed higher burden of stress and burnout among nurses at younger age, or on shift duty or from higher grade hospitals. Both the job content questionnaire and effort‐reward imbalance questionnaire models had good predictive powers of the nurses’ burnout, especially the effort‐reward imbalance questionnaire model is more powerful than the other in predicting two Maslach Burnout Inventory subscales of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization.Conclusion.  Nurses in Shanghai were suffering from high levels of burnout, which was strongly associated with work‐related stress. Interventions in reducing occupational stress are needed to reduce the burden of burnout in Chinese nurses.
Temporal isolation explains host‐related genetic differentiation in a group of widespread mycoparasitic fungi
Authors: KISS LEVENTE , PINTYE ALEXANDRA , KOVÁCS GÁBOR M. , JANKOVICS TÜNDE , FONTAINE MICHAEL C. , HARVEY NICK , XU XIANGMING , NICOT PHILIPPE C. , BARDIN MARC , SHYKOFF JACQUI A. , GIRAUD TATIANA 
Published: January 2011

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanisms responsible for divergence and specialization of pathogens on different hosts is of fundamental importance, especially in the context of the emergence of new diseases via host shifts. Temporal isolation has been reported in a few plants and parasites, but is probably one of the least studied speciation processes. We studied whether temporal isolation could be responsible for the maintenance of genetic differentiation among sympatric populations of Ampelomyces, widespread intracellular mycoparasites of powdery mildew fungi, themselves plant pathogens. The timing of transmission of Ampelomyces depends on the life cycles of the powdery mildew species they parasitize. Internal transcribed spacer sequences and microsatellite markers showed that Ampelomyces populations found in apple powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha) were genetically highly differentiated from other Ampelomyces populations sampled from several other powdery mildew species across Europe, infecting plant hosts other than apple. While P. leucotricha starts its life cycle early in spring, and the main apple powdery mildew epidemics occur before summer, the fungal hosts of the other Ampelomyces cause epidemics mainly in summer and autumn. When two powdery mildew species were experimentally exposed to Ampelomyces strains naturally occurring in P. leucotricha in spring, and to strains naturally present in other mycohost species in autumn, cross‐infections always occurred. Thus, the host‐related genetic differentiation in Ampelomyces cannot be explained by narrow physiological specialization, because Ampelomyces were able to infect powdery mildew species they were unlikely to have encountered in nature, but instead appears to result from temporal isolation.
Explaining patterns of infection in free‐living populations using laboratory immune experiments
Authors: MURPHY L. , NALPAS N. , STEAR M. , CATTADORI I. M. 
Published: January 2011

SummaryThe host response to different helminth species can vary and have different consequences for helminth persistence. Often these differences are generated by changes in the dynamics and intensity of the immune components against parasites with distinct life history strategies. We examined the immune response of rabbits to primary infections of the gastrointestinal nematodes Trichostrongylus retortaeformis and Graphidium strigosum under controlled conditions for 120 days post‐challenge. Results showed that rabbits developed a robust and effective immune response against T. retortaeformis and abundance quickly decreased in the duodenum and was completely cleared in the remaining sections of the small intestine within 4 months. Infected individuals exhibited an initial strong inflammatory response (IFN‐γ), IL‐4 expression also increased and was coupled to a rapid serum and mucus IgG and IgA and eosinophilia. Strong IL‐4, serum IgA and IgG responses and eosinophilia were also observed against G. strigosum. However, parasite abundance remained consistently high throughout the infection, and this was associated with relatively low mucus antibodies. These findings suggest that immunity plays a key role in affecting the abundance of these nematodes, and different immune mechanisms are involved in regulating the dynamics of each infection and their long‐term persistence in free‐living host populations.
Assessment of a decision support system for chemical control of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) in winter cereals
Authors: GONZALEZ‐ANDUJAR J L , FERNANDEZ‐QUINTANILLA C , BASTIDA F , CALVO R , IZQUIERDO J , LEZAUN J A 
Published: January 2011

Gonzalez‐Andujar JL, Fernandez‐Quintanilla C, Bastida F, Calvo R, Izquierdo J & Lezaun JA (2011). Assessment of a decision support system for chemical control of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) in winter cereals. Weed Research51, 304–309.SummaryField studies were conducted at five locations in North and East Spain to evaluate the agronomic, economic and environmental implications of a decision support system (LOLIUM‐PC) for herbicide control of Lolium rigidum in winter cereals. The chemical control treatments evaluated were as follows: (i) LOLIUM‐PC‐based recommendations, (ii) full herbicide dose (standard farmer practice) and (iii) half herbicide dose. Results indicate that there were no statistically significant differences, within sites, between treatments with respect to weed density, crop yield and economic return. On average, LOLIUM‐PC resulted in less herbicide application compared with the full herbicide dose treatment. This also was true in three of five localities for the half‐dose treatment. The results of this research indicate that LOLIUM‐PC provides a flexible tool for recommending less herbicide than other herbicide decision systems, adequate weed control and similar crop yields to those obtained with the standard farmer practice (full dose) in Spain.
Validation of ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma) classification in a pediatric population: The PEDRIAL study
Authors: Jáuregui Ignacio , Dávila Ignacio , Sastre Joaquín , Bartra Joan , del Cuvillo Alfonso , Ferrer Marta , Montoro Javier , Mullol Joaquim , Molina Xavier , Valero Antonio 
Published: January 2011

To cite this article: Jáuregui I, Dávila I, Sastre J, Bartra J, del Cuvillo A, Ferrer M, Montoro J, Mullol J, Molina X, Valero A. Validation of ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma) classification in a pediatric population: The PEDRIAL study. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2011; 22: 388–392.AbstractAllergic rhinitis (AR) is the commonest chronic disease in children. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) classification based on symptom duration (intermittent vs. persistent) and severity (mild vs. moderate/severe) has not been yet validated in children. Thus our objective was to validate ARIA classification in children, after determining the severity and duration of AR in a pediatric population, using ARIA definitions. Children aged 6–12 with a diagnosis of AR were included in an observational, cross‐sectional, multicenter study. Patients were classified according to ARIA guidelines. AR symptoms were assessed using the Total Four Symptoms Score (T4SS). Severity was also evaluated by the patient using a visual analogue scale (VAS). Comparisons were made by means of a statistical analysis. One thousand two hundred and seventy‐five children from 271 centers were included. Among them, 59.5% had intermittent and 40.5% persistent AR, while 60.7% seasonal and 39.3% perennial according to dated classification, with significant differences existing between one classification and another; 89.7% had moderate/severe rhinitis. Significantly higher T4SS and VAS scores were obtained in moderate/severe compared to mild AR. In our experience, the current ARIA classification can be considered a valid tool also in children from 6‐ to 12‐yr old.
Association of Blattella germanica sensitization with atopic diseases in pediatric allergic patients
Authors: La Grutta Stefania , Cibella Fabio , Passalacqua Giovanni , Cuttitta Giuseppina , Liotta Giuseppe , Ferlisi Annalisa , Viegi Giovanni 
Published: January 2011

To cite this article: La Grutta S, Cibella F, Passalacqua G, Cuttitta G, Liotta G, Ferlisi A, Viegi G. Association of Blattella germanica sensitization with atopic diseases in pediatric allergic patients. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2011; 22: 521–527.AbstractBackground:  The extent to which the sensitization to the German cockroach Blattella germanica (BG) affects onset/presence of rhinoconjunctivitis (RC) in children is unknown.Objectives:  The present work was aimed to assess the prevalence of BG sensitization in an outpatient pediatric population from an allergy clinic, the association with allergic diseases, and the effect of age in children with allergic sensitization.Methods:  Five hundred and four consecutive children with at least one positive skin test to a panel of 17 food and inhalant allergens, including BG, and with personal history of atopic diseases, were enrolled in an Allergy Unit of Palermo, Mediterranean area of Southern Italy. A questionnaire was administered to obtain data on epidemiologic and clinical characteristics. Atopy index was computed as the number of the individual positive skin prick tests. Logistic regression was used to estimate the associations between age classes and BG sensitization and RC, as well as the population‐attributable risk (PAR) for RC.Results:  Prevalence of BG sensitization was 10.5% (5.2% and 15.8% in lower and upper age classes respectively, p = 0.0001). Atopy index significantly increased from the lower to the higher age class (p < 0.0001). The older age class (OR 3.12; 95% CI 1.57–6.19) and a higher atopy index (OR 37.16; 95% CI 5.04–274.13) were recognized as main risks factors for BG sensitization.Conclusion:  In the upper age class, the PAR of BG sensitization for RC was 20.6%. BG sensitization increases in the higher ages, along with atopic index, and BG sensitization is associated with rhinoconjunctivis in older allergic children.
Efficient computation of the genomic relationship matrix and other matrices used in single‐step evaluation
Authors: Aguilar I. , Misztal I. , Legarra A. , Tsuruta S. 
Published: January 2011

SummaryGenomic evaluations can be calculated using a unified procedure that combines phenotypic, pedigree and genomic information. Implementation of such a procedure requires the inverse of the relationship matrix based on pedigree and genomic relationships. The objective of this study was to investigate efficient computing options to create relationship matrices based on genomic markers and pedigree information as well as their inverses. SNP maker information was simulated for a panel of 40 K SNPs, with the number of genotyped animals up to 30 000. Matrix multiplication in the computation of the genomic relationship was by a simple ‘do’ loop, by two optimized versions of the loop, and by a specific matrix multiplication subroutine. Inversion was by a generalized inverse algorithm and by a LAPACK subroutine. With the most efficient choices and parallel processing, creation of matrices for 30 000 animals would take a few hours. Matrices required to implement a unified approach can be computed efficiently. Optimizations can be either by modifications of existing code or by the use of efficient automatic optimizations provided by open source or third‐party libraries.
Usage of spacers in respiratory laboratories and the delivered salbutamol dose of spacers available in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: HALL GRAHAM L. , ANNESE TERESA , LOOI KEVIN , DEVADASON SUNALENE G. 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTBackground and objective:  Purchase and disinfection costs together with medication delivery factors may influence the choice of drug delivery options. This study assessed salbutamol delivery habits used in respiratory laboratories and quantified the delivered salbutamol dose of locally available spacers.Methods:  An online survey was used to obtain data on disinfection processes, costs and delivery device choices. The delivered dose of six commercial spacers was assessed. Particle size distribution of salbutamol (Ventolin, GSK, 100 µg/actuation) from six spacers of each type was measured by quantifying the amount of drug (µg) deposited on each stage of an Anderson Cascade Impactor (ACI) using UV spectrophotometry. Clinical conditions were simulated using a flow volume simulator (FVS) and delivery of salbutamol via a pressurized metered dose inhaler and spacer to a low‐resistance filter was measured.Results:  Fifty survey responses were obtained, with 37 (74%) using ≥1 type of spacer of which 92% processed single use spacers. The most commonly used spacers were Volumatic (n = 24), Breath‐a‐tech (n = 8) and Space Chamber (n = 7). The median disinfection cost was $2.45. Delivered salbutamol dose varied significantly and ranged from 16.98 to 38.28 µg with the ACI and 22.56 to 58.82 µg with the FVS. Using the FVS, small‐volume spacers delivered similar doses (22.56 to 28.46 µg), while large‐volume spacers delivery was more varied (24.31 to 58.82 µg).Conclusions:  The majority of respiratory laboratories had not updated re‐processing policies to comply with new regulations. The delivered salbutamol dose varied significantly and this might effect the choice of preferred spacer type.
Clinical usefulness of B‐type natriuretic peptide in the diagnosis of pleural effusions due to heart failure
Authors: MARINHO FELIPE C.A. , VARGAS FRANCISCO S. , FABRI JR JOSÉ , ACENCIO MILENA M.P. , GENOFRE EDUARDO H. , ANTONANGELO LEILA , SALES ROBERTA K.B. , TEIXEIRA LISETE R. 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTBackground and objective:  Light's criteria are frequently used to evaluate the exudative or transudative nature of pleural effusions. However, misclassification resulting from the use of Light's criteria has been reported, especially in the setting of diuretic use in patients with heart failure (HF). The objective of this study was to evaluate the utility of B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) measurements as a diagnostic tool for determining the cardiac aetiology of pleural effusions.Methods:  Patients with pleural effusions attributable to HF (n = 34), hepatic hydrothorax (n = 10), pleural effusions due to cancer (n = 21) and pleural effusions due to tuberculosis (n = 12) were studied. Diagnostic thoracentesis was performed for all 77 patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of plasma BNP and pleural fluid BNP for the prediction of HF.Results:  The areas under the ROC curves were 0.987 (95% CI 0.93–0.998) for plasma BNP and 0.949 (95% CI 0.874–0.986) for pleural fluid BNP, for distinguishing between patients with pleural effusions caused by HF (n = 34) and those with pleural effusions attributable to other causes (n = 43). The cut‐off concentrations with the highest diagnostic accuracy for the diagnosis of HF as the cause of pleural effusion were 132 pg/mL for plasma BNP (sensitivity 97.1%, specificity 97.4%) and 127 pg/mL for pleural fluid BNP (sensitivity 97.1%, specificity 87.8%).Conclusions:  In patients with pleural effusions of suspected cardiac origin, measurements of BNP in plasma and pleural fluid may be useful for the diagnosis of HF as the underlying cause.
Critical findings of severe influenza A (H1N1) pneumonia in children
Authors: Ishigaki Hidetoshi , Sai Shuji , Shirai Masami , Hongo Teruaki 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackground:  Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) causes severe pneumonia in children. The mechanism of development of respiratory failure in pneumonia patients remains unknown. This report describes clinical features of childhood influenza A pneumonia.Methods:  The clinical and laboratory findings of 31 H1N1 pneumonia patients hospitalized in Iwata City Hospital from 1 October 2009 to 31 January 2010 were reviewed. Intubation and mechanical ventilation were required due to respiratory failure in eight patients, who were classified as the intubation group. Other patients without mechanical ventilation were classified as the non‐intubation group. Clinical features and laboratory findings were compared between the two groups.Results:  The median age was 6.3 years (range, 3–10 years). The male to female ratio was 22:9. Clinical manifestations of tachycardia, tachypnea and cyanosis were significant findings in the intubation group at admission. Lymphocytopenia was observed in both groups. Leukocytosis with neutrophilia was the risk factor for intubation.Conclusions:  Tachycardia, tachypnea, cyanosis and leukocytosis with neutrophilia, could be useful predictors at admission to identify high‐risk influenza A (H1N1) pneumonia in children.