bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring Outcomes in Adult Outpatient Psychiatry
Authors: Blais Mark A. , Sinclair Samuel J. , Baity Matthew R. , Worth Jonathan , Weiss Anthony P. , Ball Laurie Ansorge , Herman John 
Published: March 2011

Despite growing pressure for accountability, mental health professionals continue to debate the value of routinely measuring treatment outcomes. This paper sought to move the outcomes measurement debate forward by reviewing some of the current limitations in outcomes methodology and by providing initial strategies to address them. Using these strategies, we evaluated outcomes for a large diagnostically diverse group of adult outpatients receiving treatment as usual (TAU) within an academic medical centre. Initial self‐report and clinician‐rated assessments were obtained from 5546 patients, and follow‐up data were obtained from 1572 (28%) patients. Using the subset of patients with the follow‐up data, we determined treatment effect sizes, rates of reliable improvement (and deterioration) and rates of clinically significant improvement for all patients and for specific diagnostic groups (depression, anxiety, substance abuse, mood disorders not otherwise specified, bipolar and psychotic conditions). TAU outcomes for depression and anxiety were also compared with benchmarks derived from the randomized controlled trial literature. Lastly, the impact of patient or sample characteristics on outcome was explored. Overall, these findings generally support the benefit of TAU over no treatment while also highlighting both the utility and limitations inherent in the current approaches to evaluating treatment outcomes. Suggestions for improving outcomes measurement are provided. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

Routine outcomes measurement of real world treatment is valuable.
Phase‐selective crystallization of nickel phosphate VSB‐5 with (2‐hydroxyethyl) trimethylammonium hydroxide as template
Authors: Samadi‐Maybodi A. , Nejad‐Darzi S. K. H. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSeveral nickel phosphate molecular sieves were synthesized by conventional heating (CH) and microwave assisted hydrothermal (MAH). Nickel phosphate VSB‐5 (Versailles Santa Barbara‐5) was synthesized with conventional oven for 72 h or with microwave for 1 h and followed by conventional oven for 48 h in the presence of (2‐hydroxyethyl) trimethylammonium hydroxide as template. The phase transformation is observed by variation of CH time for the synthesis of nickel phosphate molecular sieves. At CH time of 24 h, the VSB‐5 crystal together α‐Ni2P2O7, Ni2P4O12 and unknown phases were produced but the pure VSB‐5 crystal was obtained in the CH time of 48 h or more. At high content of nickel, a mixture of α‐Ni2P2O7, Ni2P4O12 phases and small amount of VSB‐5 crystal, was achieved but pure VSB‐5 crystal was obtained in the lower level of nickel and other phases are vanished. An efficient ultrasonic‐assisted aging was found for the synthesis of nickel phosphate molecular sieve, in which by ultrasonic mixing of 0.5 h followed microwave of 1 h, the CH time is significantly reduced from 48 to 24 h. The morphology of nickel phosphate crystals is highly influenced in the presence of ethylene glycol as co‐solvent. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Discrete and Infinite Metallacyclic Coordination Architectures Based on a Conformationally Flexible Tripodal Aminotriazine‐Derived Polypyridyl Ligand
Authors: Tsai Meng‐Rong , Wu Jing‐Yun , Lai Long‐Li 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA novel tripodal semi‐rigid ligand, 2,4,6‐tris(3‐picolylamino)‐1,3,5‐triazine (m‐H3tpat), consisting of a triazine central core and three pyridine donating functions attached to flexible –NHCH2– arms has been designed and synthesized. The self‐assembly reactions of m‐H3tpat with copper(II) chloride and cobalt(II) chloride yielded discrete CuII complex [Cu2Cl4(m‐H3tpat)2]·2H2O·2EtOH (1·2H2O·2EtOH) and polymeric CoII complex [Co(m‐H3tpat)2(H2O)2]Cl2 (2), respectively. Complex 1 has a metallacyclophane structure with a metal‐to‐ligand ratio of 2:2. Each copper(II) ion adopts a pentacoordinate square‐pyramidal geometry with a N3Cl2 coordination sphere. Complex 2 exhibits an extended chain structure based on {Co2(m‐H3tpat)2} metallacyclic repeating units. Each cobalt(II) ion adopts a hexacoordinate octahedral geometry with a N2O4 coordination environment. Note that the m‐H3tpat ligand exists in a cis–cis–cis conformation in 1 and a cis–trans–trans conformation in 2, with the central aminotriazine moiety appearing to be an asymmetric‐configured all‐amino tautomer in both conformers. The stabilities of the two coordination‐directed structures may be enhanced by intramolecular π–π interactions between two pyridine rings from two different m‐H3tpat ligands within the metallacyclophane structure of 1 and by a set of complementary double hydrogen bonds (DA–AD arrays) between two aminotriazine moieties of two m‐H3tpat ligands within a metallacyclic unit for 2.
Modular Synthesis of Triazole‐Containing Triaryl α‐Helix Mimetics
Authors: Ehlers Ina , Maity Prantik , Aubé Jeffrey , König Burkhard 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe describe novel scaffold designs for nonpeptidic α‐helix mimetics. The tricyclic scaffolds contain triazoles and reproduce amino acid side chains i, i+3, and i+7. The three different scaffolds are synthetically readily accessible, allow the introduction of further substituents to increase the versatility, and are suitable for library design. A modular synthesis route using CuI‐ and RuII‐catalyzed azide–alkyne [3+2] cycloadditions as central steps was developed. To demonstrate the methodology, we have prepared a library of compounds containing all three scaffolds.
Sulfoximine‐Directed Single and Double ortho‐Lithiation: Stereoselective Rearrangements of o,o′‐Dilithiophenylsulfoximines to o,N‐Dilithiosulfinylanilines through Anionic Fries Rearrangements of o,o′‐Dilithiophenylsulfinamides
Authors: Wessels Michael , Mahajan Vishal , Boßhammer Stephan , Raabe Gerhard , Gais Hans‐Joachim 
Published: March 2011

AbstractTreatment of various phenylsulfoximines with nBuLi (1 equiv.) at –78 °C in THF resulted in single ortho‐lithiations and gave the corresponding o‐lithiosulfoximines. According to NMR spectroscopy, the o‐lithiosulfoximines are generally stable at 0 °C. The o‐lithiosulfoximines were efficiently trapped through deuteration, alkylation, silylation, and phosphanylation. Treatment of cyclic phenylsulfoximines also containing H atoms at their α‐positions with nBuLi (1 equiv.) at –78 °C furnished the o‐lithiosulfoximines with high selectivity, whereas similar treatment at –50 °C to room temperature yielded the corresponding α‐lithiosulfoximines. At elevated temperatures, o‐lithiosulfoximines also possessing α‐H atoms underwent quantitative o,α‐transmetalation to afford the corresponding α‐lithiosulfoximines. Treatment of α,α‐disubstituted cyclic and α,α,α‐trisubstituted acyclic phenylsulfoximines with nBuLi (2 equiv.) at low temperatures led to double ortho‐lithiation and furnished the corresponding o,o′‐dilithiosulfoximines. At elevated temperatures, cyclic o,o′‐dilithiophenylsulfoximines underwent multi‐step rearrangements with formation of o,N‐dilithiated benzothiazepine and benzothiazocine S‐oxide derivatives in high yields. Theacyclic o,o′‐dilithiophenylsulfoximine underwent a similar rearrangement and gave the corresponding o,N‐dilithio‐sulfinylaniline derivative. The rearrangements involve 1) elimination of the lithium sulfinamide from the o,o′‐dilithiosulfoximine, 2) a Li–N addition of the lithium sulfinamide to the o‐lithiobenzyne, and 3) an anionic Fries rearrangement of the o,o′‐dilithiophenylsulfinamide. The rearrangements of the o,o′‐dilithiophenylsulfoximines proceeded with overall retention of configuration at sulfur.
Magnetic and electrokinetic manipulations on a microchip device for bead‐based immunosensing applications
Authors: Ambrosi Adriano , Guix Maria , Merkoçi Arben 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe combination of electrophoretic and magnetic manipulations with electrochemical detection for a versatile microfluidic and bead‐based biosensing application is demonstrated. Amperometric detection is performed in an off‐channel setup by means of a voltammetric cell built at the microchannel outlet and using a gold working electrode. Superparamagnetic particles are introduced and handled inside the channel by means of an external permanent magnet in combination with the electrogenerated flow which allows reproducible loading. The specific detection of phenol as electroactive alkaline phosphatase product is used in this study as proof of concept for a sensitive protein quantification. Characterizations and optimization of different parameters have been carried out in order to achieve the best detection signal. The applicability of the device has been finally demonstrated by the detection of rabbit IgG as model protein after an immunoassay performed on magnetic particles as immobilization platform. A comparison between the electrochemical detection using the developed device and the optical standard detection revealed similar performances with, however, extremely lower amount of reagent used and shorter analysis time. The developed electrophoretic‐ and magnetic‐based chip may open the way to several other biosensing applications with interest not only for other proteins but also for DNA analysis, cell counting, and environmental control.
Accelerated Newton–Raphson power flow
Authors: Li Gan , Zhang Xiao‐Ping , Wang Xi‐Fan 
Published: March 2011

SUMMARYThis paper introduces the Newton‐like method of modifying the right‐hand‐side vector into the power flow solution. Based on this method, the accelerated Newton–Raphson (ANR) power flow algorithm is proposed. In the proposed algorithm, a constant Jacobian matrix in the correction equations is employed to reduce the computation burden, while the power mismatch vector is multiplied by a factor to guarantee the convergence. Case studies on different test systems under different loading levels are presented to show the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed power flow algorithm. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ascertaining dementia‐related outcomes for deceased or proxy‐dependent participants: an overview of the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study supplemental case ascertainment protocol
Authors: Gaussoin Sarah A. , Espeland Mark A. , Absher John , Howard Barbara V. , Jones Beverley M. , Rapp Stephen R. 
Published: March 2011

ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to compare a two‐staged clinic‐based standardized protocol with a supplemental proxy‐based protocol.MethodsThe Women's Health Initiative Memory Study enrolled 7479 women, aged 65–79 years and free of dementia, in a clinical trial of postmenopausal hormone therapy who were followed for up to 13 years with annual two‐staged clinic‐based standardized protocols to identify incidence of probable dementia. A supplemental proxy‐based protocol, involving telephone administration of the dementia questionnaire, was designed to assess the cognitive status of women who could no longer attend clinic visits because they died (n = 1058) or became dependent (n = 228). Chi‐squared tests were used to compare characteristics of women eligible for proxy‐based versus clinic‐based assessment. Risk factor relationships were described using proportional hazards regression.ResultsWomen who were eligible for proxy‐based assessments tended to have worse cognitive impairment risk factor profiles and had higher rates of probable dementia (15.2% vs 3.5%) than clinic‐assessed participants. Augmenting the clinic‐based cases with those identified from proxy interviews reduced undercounting and materially altered observed relationships that years since menopause, smoking status, diabetes, and prior use of hormone therapy had with incidence of probable dementia.ConclusionsAlthough proxy interviews were successful in reducing biases in estimated incidence rates and risk factor relationships, it is unlikely that they will fully eliminate many biases. Proxy‐based assessments are necessary in longer term studies to reduce undercounting of dementia cases and to characterize risk factor relationships. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
INDIVIDUAL VERSUS AGGREGATE INCOME ELASTICITIES FOR HETEROGENEOUS POPULATIONS
Authors: Paluch Michal , Kneip Alois , Hildenbrand Werner 
Published: March 2011

SUMMARYThis paper deals with different concepts of income elasticities of demand for a heterogeneous population and the relationship between individual and aggregate elasticities. In general, the aggregate elasticity is not equal to the mean of individual elasticities. The difference depends on the heterogeneity of the population and is quantified by a covariance term. Sign and magnitude of this term are determined by an empirical analysis based on the UK Family Expenditure Survey. It is shown that the relevant quantities can be identified from cross‐sectional data and, without imposing restrictive structural assumptions, can be estimated by nonparametric techniques. It turns out that the aggregate elasticity significantly overestimates the mean of individual elasticities for many commodity groups. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of last interglacial deposits in eastern Beringia: a cautionary note from the Palisades, interior Alaska
Authors: REYES ALBERTO V. , ZAZULA GRANT D. , KUZMINA SVETLANA , AGER THOMAS A. , FROESE DUANE G. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractLast interglacial sediments in unglaciated Alaska and Yukon (eastern Beringia) are commonly identified by palaeoecological indicators and stratigraphic position ∼2–5 m above the regionally prominent Old Crow tephra (124 ± 10 ka). We demonstrate that this approach can yield erroneous age assignments using data from a new exposure at the Palisades, a site in interior Alaska with numerous exposures of last interglacial sediments. Tephrochronology, stratigraphy, plant macrofossils, pollen and fossil insects from a prominent wood‐rich organic silt unit are all consistent with a last interglacial age assignment. However, six 14C dates on plant and insect macrofossils from the organic silt range from non‐finite to 4.0 14C ka BP, indicating that the organic silt instead represents a Holocene deposit with a mixed‐age assemblage of organic material. In contrast, wood samples from presumed last interglacial organic‐rich sediments elsewhere at the Palisades, in a similar stratigraphic position with respect to Old Crow tephra, yield non‐finite 14C ages. Given that local permafrost thaw since the last interglaciation may facilitate reworking of older sediments into new stratigraphic positions, minimum constraining ages based on 14C dating or other methods should supplement age assignments for last interglacial sediments in eastern Beringia that are based on palaeoecology and stratigraphic association with Old Crow tephra. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dispersive solid‐phase extraction combined with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in plastic bottled beverage by GC‐MS
Authors: Han Yi , Jia Xiaoyu , Liu Xinli , Duan Taicheng , Chen Hangting 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA simple, inexpensive and reliable analytical method was developed for the determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottled beverage using GC‐MS. The sample pretreatment using dispersive solid‐phase extraction (DSPE) for removing matrix and dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) for enriching analytes was performed. For the DSPE, different sorbents such as primary amine, secondary amine, C18 and graphitized carbon black were tested for different sample matrices. By means of DSPE, 60–89% of the sample matrices could be removed. Acetonitrile solution obtained by DSPE cleanup was directly used as the dispersant for the subsequent DLLME, which made the combination of the DSPE with the DLLME much more straightforward. Under the optimal conditions, the enrichment factors (EFs) of PBDEs ranged from 199 to 292. Using matrix‐matched calibration, correlation coefficients above 0.994 were found and LODs ranged from 0.0023 to 0.15 μg/L. The recoveries were between 80 and 117% for beverages spiked at three different concentrations (1.0, 5.0 and 10 μg/L) with RSDs ranging from 3.7 to 14.7% (n=5). The results indicated that the combination of DSPE with DLLME was a powerful sample preparation tool for analysis of ultratrace analytes in complicated matrices.
Two‐dimensional strong cation‐exchange liquid chromatography/reversed‐phase pressurized capillary electrochromatography for separation of complex samples
Authors: Wu Yi , Wang Yan , Gu Xue , Zhang Lin , Yan Chao 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA 2‐D separation platform was constructed using micro strong cation‐exchange liquid chromatography (μ‐SCXLC) and reversed‐phase pressurized capillary electrochromatography (RP‐pCEC) for the analysis of complex samples. Samples were fractionated by the first‐dimension μ‐SCXLC with a linear solvent gradient and then injected into the second‐dimension RP‐pCEC for further separation. The μ‐SCXLC/RP‐pCEC 2‐D system with three separation mechanisms, namely strong cation‐exchange, reversed‐phase chromatography and electrophoresis, provided high selectivity, high resolution and high peak capacity compared to one‐dimensional chromatographic approaches. Separation effectiveness of this 2‐D system was demonstrated by the analysis of different kinds of complex samples, such as traditional Chinese medicine Cortex Phellodendri, bovine serum albumin (BSA) tryptic digest and real serum tryptic digest. A theoretical peak capacity of approximately 1200 was achieved, which proves its promising potential for the separation and analysis of complex samples.
Solid‐phase extraction for metabolomic analysis of high‐salinity samples by capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry
Authors: Oikawa Akira , Fujita Nodoka , Horie Ryota , Saito Kazuki , Tawaraya Keitaro 
Published: March 2011

AbstractEnvironmental samples such as soil solutions contain inorganic ions such as ${\rm{NH}}_4^+$, K+, Na+, ${\rm{NO}}_3^-$, and ${\rm{PO}}_4^{3-}$ in high concentrations, which must be removed prior to capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry analysis to obtain accurate results. However, the separation of these inorganic ions from ionic metabolites, which are the target compounds in capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry analysis, is difficult because the physicochemical properties of the inorganic ions are similar to those of the ionic metabolites. In this study, we used various solid‐phase extraction (SPE) columns for the purification of the samples containing inorganic ions in high concentrations. We found that cation‐exchange SPE columns successfully filtered out the inorganic ions while retaining most of the organic compounds, which were easily collected with high recovery rates. In addition, 17 cationic metabolites in the soil solution were quantified by CE‐MS analysis following the SPE purification process. The results suggest that our method can be used to analyze other environmental samples containing inorganic ions in high concentrations.
Female dissociative responding to extreme sexual violence in a chronic crisis setting: The case of Eastern Congo
Authors: Schalinski Inga , Elbert Thomas , Schauer Maggie 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis cross‐sectional study aimed to examine relationships between the number of traumatizing events, degree of shutdown dissociation, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and depression. Fifty‐three female survivors of the ongoing war in Congo who sought medical treatment were interviewed. A path‐analytic model was created with paths to PTSD via dissociation, and both the number of self‐experienced and witnessed traumatizing events. Cumulative exposure and dissociation were associated with increased PTSD severity. Posttraumatic stress disorder and witnessing predicted depression when depression was modeled as a consequence of PTSD. Moreover, PTSD mediated the correlation between dissociation and depression. The findings suggest that shutdown dissociation may have value in predicting PTSD, and there is evidence of differential effects of threat to oneself as opposed to witnessing trauma.
SOIL CHARACTERISTICS AND CARBON SEQUESTRATION POTENTIALS OF VEGETATION IN DEGRADED HILLS OF CHITTAGONG, BANGLADESH
Authors: Barua S. K. , Haque S. M. S. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTThe impacts of tree and horticultural plantations, and grassland on soil characteristics in the degraded hills of Chittagong District, Bangladesh are reported on this paper. The carbon sequestration potential and the present value of carbon revenue flow were also estimated for the degraded hills of Chittagong using A. auriculiformis plantations for the purpose. The results showed that the change of land use from degraded hill to vegetation cover had altered the physico‐chemical characteristics of soil in the study area. The organic carbon concentration and storage under vegetated land uses were significantly (p < 0·05) higher than those in the degraded hill areas. The results also showed that about 17 million megagram carbon (MgC) could be sequestered in the degraded hill areas of Chittagong District by planting A. auriculiformis trees in a 15‐year rotation. The present value of revenue flow generated by this sequestration at the current international market carbon price and assuming a realistic market interest rate could be as high as US$ 326 million. The net present value of the revenue stream is expected to be positive. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On ω‐commuting graphs and their diameters
Authors: Raja P. , Vaezpour S. M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractLet F be a field, let ω ∈ F, and let n ⩾ 2 be a natural number. In this paper we define the ω‐commuting graph of Mn(F), denoted by Γω(Mn(F)) which is a directed graph. We prove some theorems about the strong connectivity of this graph. Also we show that the induced directed subgraphs on the set of all reducible matrices and the set of all triangularizable matrices are strongly connected graphs. Among other results we determine the diameters of the induced directed subgraphs on the sets of all non‐invertible and nilpotent matrices in Mn(F), exactly. Finally, we find good upper bounds for the diameters of some induced directed subgraphs of Γω(Mn(F)), such as the induced directed subgraphs on the set of all idempotent and diagonazable matrices in Mn(F). © 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
Fusion integral
Authors: Faroughi M. H. , Ahmadi R. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn this paper we shall introduce an operator‐valued integral over a Hilbert space, called the fusion integral. We shall prove that it is additive (finitely or infinitely) but satisfies no additional condition. We shall show that it has the retrieval property and establish a useful connection between the fusion and the Lebesgue integrals. © 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim © 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
The Aron‐Berner extension, Goldstine's theorem and P‐continuity
Authors: García Ricardo , Jaramillo Jesús A. , Llavona José G. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn this paper we show that the Aron‐Berner type extension of polynomials preserves the P‐continuity property. To this end we introduce a new version of Goldstine's Theorem for locally complemented subspaces. © 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
On the deficiency index of even order symmetric differential expressions with essential spectrum
Authors: Roque Marian P. , Schultze Bernd 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIt shall be shown that for every n, \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$k \in \mathbb {N}$\end{document} with n ⩽ k < 2n, there exist real symmetric differential expressions M of order 2n with nonempty essential spectrum such that d(M) = k. © 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim