bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of potential immune-related mechanisms related to the development of multiple myeloma
Authors: Wang Yaomei , Zhang Wenli , Li Tiandong , Liu Mengmeng , Gao Mengya , Li Xinqing , Chen Yufei , Song Yongping , Li Wei , Du Chunyan , Wang Fang , Liu Lina 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground:Although significant advances have been made in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), leading to unprecedented response and survival rates among patients, the majority eventually relapse, and a cure remains elusive. This situation is closely related to an incomplete understanding of the immune microenvironment, especially monocytes/macrophages in patients with treatment-naïve MM. The aim of this study was to provide insight into the immune microenvironment, especially monocytes/macrophages, in patients with treatment-naïve MM.Methods:This study used the single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data of both patients with MM and heathy donors to identify immune cells, including natural killer (NK) cells, T cells, dendritic cells (DCs), and monocytes/macrophages. Transcriptomic data and flow cytometry analysis of monocytes/macrophages were used to further examine the effect of monocytes/macrophages in treatment-naïve MM patients.Results:A significant difference was observed between the bone marrow (BM) immune cells of the healthy controls and treatment-naïve MM patients through scRNA-seq. It is noteworthy that, through an scRNA-seq data analysis, this study found that interferon (IFN)-induced NK/T cells, terminally differentiated effector memory (TEMRA) cells, T-helper cells characterized by expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISG+Th cells), IFN-responding exhausted T cells, mannose receptor C-type 1 (MRC1)+DCs, IFN-responding DCs, MHCII+DCs, and immunosuppressive monocytes/macrophages were enriched in patients with treatment-naïve MM. Significantly, transcriptomic data of monocytes/macrophages demonstrated that “don’t eat me”-related genes and IFN-induced genes increase in treatment-naïve MM patients. Furthermore, scRNA-seq, transcriptomic data, and flow cytometry also showed an increased proportion of CD16+monocytes/macrophages and expression level of CD16. Cell–cell communication analysis indicated that monocytes/macrophages, whose related important signaling pathways include migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and interleukin 16 (IL-16) signaling pathway, are key players in treatment-naïve MM patients.Conclusions:Our findings provide a comprehensive and in-depth molecular characterization of BM immune cell census in MM patients, especially for monocytes/macrophages. Targeting macrophages may be a novel treatment strategy for patients with MM.
Vascular regenerative cell content in South Asians: the key learnings
Authors: Krishnaraj Aishwarya , Dennis Fallon , Teoh Hwee , Verma Subodh , Hess David A. 
Published: June 2024

Purpose of review
We aim to provide a comprehensive examination of the literature linking elevated rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in individuals of South Asian ethnicity with the severity of circulating vascular regenerative cell exhaustion.

Recent findings
Recent findings have demonstrated reduced bioavailability of pro-vascular progenitor cell subsets in individuals with T2D and obesity. Depletion of vascular regenerative cells in the bone marrow – coupled with decreased mobilization into circulation – can negatively impact the capacity for vascular repair and exacerbate CVD risk. Several recent studies have established that although South Asian individuals possess similar inflammatory cell burden compared with other ethnicities, they exhibit marked decreases in vessel regenerative hematopoietic progenitor cells and monocyte subsets. Validation of these findings and investigation the functional capacity of vascular regenerative cell subsets to mediate vessel repair is highly warranted.

Summary
Vascular regenerative cells play a key role coordinating angiogenic and arteriogenic vessel remodelling. Recent studies have demonstrated that South Asian individuals with T2D show severe depletion in circulating vascular regenerative cell subsets. Because the reversal of vascular regenerative cell exhaustion by current glucose-lowering pharmaceutical agents has recently been documented, early intervention to bolster vascular regenerative cell content may prevent CVD co-morbidities in South Asian individuals with cardiometabolic disease.
Maternal Exposure to Heavy Metals From Industrial Sources During Pregnancy and Childhood Cancer Risk in California
Authors: Chen Yixin , Van Deventer Darcy , Nianogo Roch , Vinceti Marco , Kang Wei , Cockburn Myles , Federman Noah , Heck Julia E. 
Published: June 2024

Objective
The study investigated maternal exposure to heavy metals from industrial sources during pregnancy as potential risk factors for childhood cancer.

Methods
Cases ages 0–19 were identified from California Cancer Registry. Controls (20:1 ratio) were randomly selected from California Birth Registry, frequency-matched by birth year (1998–2016). We estimated maternal exposure to lead, nickel, and cobalt in ambient air from the Toxics Release Inventory. We examined “ever/never” and “high/low” exposures categorized by median exposure. Models were adjusted for maternal age, race/ethnicity, method of payment for prenatal care, neighborhood socioeconomic status, and urban/rural residence.

Results
Among highly exposed persons, lead was associated with an increased teratoma risk (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.52; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.97, 2.37), whereas nickel was associated with an increased rhabdomyosarcoma risk (aOR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.03, 2.04). Cobalt was associated with an increased glioma risk (aOR: 2.25; 95% CI: 1.39, 3.65) among ever-exposed persons. Inverse associations were found between Wilms tumor and nickel among the ever exposed and highly exposed (ever: aOR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.59, 0.96; high: aOR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.45, 0.93).

Conclusions
Findings suggest that air pollution from heavy metals released by industrial sources may elevate childhood cancer risk.
Exposure and Illness Among Workers Filing for COVID-19–Related Workers’ Compensation—California, 2020
Authors: Vergara Ximena P. , Frederick Matt , Gibb Kathryn , Wong Jessie , Harrison Robert 
Published: June 2024

Objectives
The aim of the study is to characterize the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 exposure and COVID-19 infection among California workers’ compensation claims in 2020 and examine risk factors for exposure.

Methods
Using a case-control approach, we combined machine learning techniques and job exposure matrices to assess associations between exposures and illness claims and clusters of claims within specific worksites over a 3-week period.

Results
Of the 117,125 COVID-19 claims, most were primarily among younger groups, of shorter tenure, and from health care occupations. Illness claims were among older groups with longer tenure. Jobs with very close physical proximity and high physical activity, along with transportation and warehousing industries, were associated with being part of a cluster of claims.

Conclusions
The findings merit further study but indicate respiratory viral transmission and support efforts to systematically incorporate work-related variables into other California data sources.
Influence of intraoperative blood salvage and autotransfusion on tumor recurrence after deceased donor liver transplantation: a large nationwide cohort study
Authors: Yang Mengfan , Wei Xuyong , Shu Wenzhi , Zhai Xiangyu , Zhou Zhisheng , Cai Jinzhen , Yang Jiayin , Jin Bin , Zheng Shusen , Xu Xiao 
Published: June 2024

Background and aims:
The practice of intraoperative blood salvage and autotransfusion (IBSA) during deceased donor liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can potentially reduce the need for allogeneic blood transfusion. However, implementing IBSA remains debatable due to concerns about its possible detrimental effects on oncologic recurrence.

Methods:
This study retrospectively enrolled nationwide recipients of deceased donor liver transplantation for HCC between 2015 and 2020. The focus was on comparing the cumulative recurrence rate and the recurrence-free survival rate. Propensity score matching was conducted repeatedly for further subgroup comparison. Recipients were categorized based on the Milan criteria, macrovascular invasion, and pretransplant α-Fetoprotein (AFP) level to identify subgroups at risk of HCC recurrence.

Results:
A total of 6196 and 329 patients were enrolled in the non-IBSA and IBSA groups in this study. Multivariable competing risk regression analysis identified IBSA as independent risk factors for HCC recurrence (P<0.05). Postmatching, the cumulative recurrence rate and recurrence-free survival rate revealed no significant difference in the IBSA group and non-IBSA group (22.4 vs. 16.5%, P=0.12; 60.3 vs. 60.9%, P=0.74). Recipients beyond Milan criteria had higher, albeit not significant, risk of HCC recurrence if receiving IBSA (33.4 vs. 22.5%, P=0.14). For recipients with macrovascular invasion, the risk of HCC recurrence has no significant difference between the two groups (32.2 vs. 21.3%, P=0.231). For recipients with an AFP level <20 ng/ml, the risk of HCC recurrence was comparable in the IBSA group and the non-IBSA group (12.8 vs. 18.7%, P=0.99). Recipients with an AFP level ≥20 ng/ml, the risk of HCC recurrence was significantly higher in the IBSA group. For those with an AFP level ≥400 ng/ml, the impact of IBSA on the cumulative recurrence rate was even more pronounced (49.8 vs. 21.9%, P=0.011).

Conclusions:
IBSA does not appear to be associated with worse outcomes for recipients with HCC exceeding the Milan criteria or with macrovascular invasion. IBSA could be confidently applied for recipients with a pretransplant AFP level <20 ng/ml. For recipients with AFP levels ≥20 ng/ml, undertaking IBSA would increase the risk of HCC recurrence.
Gut microbiome changes associated with chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hong Jiaze , Fu Yufan , Chen Xiaoqian , Zhang Yurui , Li Xinyi , Li Tianhang , Liu Yilin , Fan Mengke , Lin Rong 
Published: June 2024

Background:
The study of changes in the microbiome in chronic pancreatitis (CP) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) holds significant potential for developing noninvasive diagnostic tools as well as innovative interventions to alter the progression of diseases. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to analyze in detail the taxonomic and functional characteristics of the gut microbiome in patients with CP and PDAC.

Methods:
Two researchers conducted a systematic search across public databases to gather all published research up to June 2023. Diversity and gut microbiota composition are the main outcomes the authors focus on.

Results:
This meta-analysis included 14 studies, involving a total of 1511 individuals in the PDAC (n=285), CP (n=342), and control (n=649) groups. Our results show a significant difference in the composition of gut microbiota between PDAC/CP patients compared to healthy controls (HC), as evidenced by a slight decrease in α-diversity, including Shannon (SMD=−0.33; P=0.002 and SMD=−0.59; P<0.001, respectively) and a statistically significant β-diversity (P<0.05). The pooled results showed that at the phylum level, the proportion of Firmicutes was lower in PDAC and CP patients than in HC patients. At the genus level, more than two studies demonstrated that four genera were significantly increased in PDAC patients compared to HC (e.g. Escherichia-Shigella and Veillonella). CP patients had an increase in four genera (e.g. Escherichia-Shigella and Klebsiella) and a decrease in eight genera (e.g. Coprococcus and Bifidobacterium) compared to HC. Functional/metabolomics results from various studies also showed differences between PDAC/CP patients and HC. In addition, this study found no significant differences in gut microbiota between PDAC and CP patients.

Conclusions:
Current evidence suggests changes in gut microbiota is associated with PDAC/CP, commonly reflected by a reduction in beneficial species and an increase in the pathogenic species. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and explore therapeutic possibilities.
Potential of BMI as a screening indicator for extracranial–intracranial bypass surgery in patients with symptomatic artery occlusion: a post-hoc analysis of the CMOSS trial
Authors: Lu Guangdong , Wang Tao , Yang Fan , Sun Xinyi , Yang Renjie , Luo Jichang , Tong Xiaoguang , Gu Yuxiang , Wang Jiyue , Tong Zhiyong , Kuai Dong , Cai Yiling , Ren Jun , Wang Donghai , Duan Lian , Maimaitili Aisha , Hang Chunhua , Yu Jiasheng , Ma Yan , Liu Sheng , Jiao Liqun ,   for the CMOSS Investigators
Published: June 2024

Background:
To investigate the association between BMI and the incidence of ischemic stroke in patients with symptomatic artery occlusion, and further to evaluate the utility of BMI as a screening tool for identifying candidates for extracranial–intracranial bypass surgery.

Materials and Methods:
The authors analyzed the relationship between BMI and the occurrence of ipsilateral ischemic stroke (IIS) among patients receiving only medical management in the Carotid or Middle cerebral artery Occlusion Surgery Study (CMOSS). Additionally, the authors compared the primary endpoint of CMOSS—stroke or death within 30 days, or IIS after 30 days up to 2 years—among patients with varying BMIs who underwent either surgery or medical treatment.

Results:
Of the 165 patients who treated medically only, 16 (9.7%) suffered an IIS within 2 years. BMI was independently associated with the incidence of IIS (hazard ratio: 1.16 per kg/m2; 95% CI: 1.06–1.27). The optimal BMI cutoff for predicting IIS was 24.5 kg/m2. Patients with BMI ≥24.5 kg/m2 experienced a higher incidence of IIS compared to those with BMI <24.5 kg/m2 (17.4 vs. 0.0%, P<0.01). The incidence of the CMOSS primary endpoint was significantly different between the surgical and medical groups for patients with BMI ≥24.5 kg/m2 (5.3 vs. 19.8%, P<0.01) and those with BMI <24.5 kg/m2 (10.6 vs. 1.4%; P=0.02). Surgical intervention was independently associated with a reduced rate of the CMOSS primary endpoint in patients with BMI ≥24.5 kg/m2.

Conclusion:
Data from the CMOSS trial indicate that patients with BMI ≥24.5 kg/m2 are at a higher risk of IIS when treated medically only and appear to derive greater benefit from bypass surgery compared to those with lower BMIs. Given the small sample size and the inherent limitations of retrospective analyses, further large-scale, prospective studies are necessary to confirm these findings.
Risk factors for deep vein thrombosis after traumatic lower extremity fracture: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Qian Xiaoliang , Ge Yinping , Luo Jian 
Published: June 2024

Background:The study aimed to predict the risk factors of deep vein thrombosis of lower extremity after traumatic fracture of lower extremity, so as to apply effective strategies to prevent deep vein thrombosis of lower extremity, improve survival rate, and reduce medical cost.Methods:The English and Chinese literatures published from January 2005 to November 2023 were extracted from PubMed, Embase, Willey Library, Scopus, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP databases. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata/SE 16.0 software.Results:A total of 13 articles were included in this paper, including 2699 venous thromboembolism (VTE) patients and 130,507 normal controls. According to the meta-results, 5 independent risk factors can be identified: history of VTE was the most significant risk factor for deep vein thrombosis after traumatic lower extremity fracture (risk ratio [RR] = 6.45, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.64–11.26); age (≥60) was the risk factor for deep vein thrombosis after traumatic lower extremity fracture (RR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.02–2.18); long-term braking was a risk factor for deep vein thrombosis after traumatic lower extremity fracture (RR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.11–1.93); heart failure was a risk factor for deep vein thrombosis after traumatic lower extremity fracture (RR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.51–2.33); obesity was a risk factor for deep vein thrombosis after traumatic lower extremity fracture (RR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.35–1.83).Conclusion:The study confirmed that the history of deep vein thrombosis, age (60 + years), previous history of VTE, obesity, prolonged bed rest, and heart failure are all associated with an increased risk of VTE. By identifying these significant risk factors, we can more intensively treat patients at relatively high risk of VTE, thereby reducing the incidence of VTE. However, the limitation of the study is that the sample may not be diversified enough, and it fails to cover all potential risk factors, which may affect the universal applicability of the results. Future research should include a wider population and consider more variables in order to obtain a more comprehensive risk assessment.
Glioneuronal tumor in an autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease patient: a case report and literature review
Authors: Qupp Salem K. , Zeidan Mohammad M. , Nimer Hafez 
Published: June 2024

Introduction:
The association between primary brain tumors, such as glioneuronal tumors, with autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) remains poorly understood, with only two cases reported excluding this one. This case of an ADPKD patient diagnosed with a rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor highlights an exceptionally rare potential association warranting further investigation.

Case presentation:
A 28-year-old male with ADPKD presented with progressive ataxia, dizziness, and headache. MRI revealed a cerebellar mass and obstructive hydrocephalus. Surgical resection and histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of a rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor. Postoperatively, the patient showed significant symptom improvement.

Discussion:
The interplay between genetics and glioneuronal development is complex and underexplored. While most glioneuronal arise sporadically, rare genetic syndromes may predispose individuals to these tumors. Additionally, although more than 70 cases of ADPKD with concurrent tumors were reported, the literature on this specific association remains limited.

Conclusion:
This case underscores the need for heightened awareness of potential associations between ADPKD and tumors such as glioneuronal tumors. With limited literature on this subject, further research is imperative to understand the underlying mechanisms and clinical implications. Enhancing our knowledge in this area can improve patient outcomes and management strategies.
Symptomatic Unilateral Carotid Artery Disease
Authors: Melanis Konstantinos , Athanasaki Athanasia , Bakola Eleni , Chondrogianni Maria , Lazaris Andreas , Akrivaki Alexandra , Triantafyllou Alexandros Stavros , Kotsali-Peteinelli Vasiliki , Bonakis Anastasios , Paraskevas George P. , Tsivgoulis Georgios 
Published: June 2024

Introduction:
Symptomatic carotid artery disease (CAD) represents an uncommon but treatable cause of corticobasal syndrome.

Case Report:
We present the clinical details and successful management of a previously healthy 77-year-old patient who presented with 1-year cognitive dysfunction, alien limb syndrome, limb kinetic apraxia, and ipsilateral cortical sensory deficit, fulfilling the criteria of the diagnosis of probable corticobasal syndrome. Imaging modalities, including magnetic resonance imaging and time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography, revealed acute external borderzone infarcts of the right hemisphere due to symptomatic CAD causing near occlusion of the vessel. The patient underwent a right carotid endarterectomy, leading to a marked improvement in mobility and neuropsychological evaluation.

Conclusion:
This case highlights the importance of swift diagnosis of symptomatic CAD in patients with corticobasal syndrome. Moreover, it emphasizes the efficacy of carotid endarterectomy in achieving symptom improvement in such cases.
Prevalence, Associated Factors, and Outcomes of Severe Acute Kidney Injury in Pediatric Acute Liver Failure: Single-Center Retrospective Study, 2003–2017
Authors: Alexander Emma C. , Saxena Romit , Singla Raman , Douiri Abdel , Deep Akash 
Published: June 2024

OBJECTIVES:Our aim was to determine the prevalence and explanatory factors associated with outcomes in children with acute liver failure (ALF) admitted to the PICU, who also develop severe acute kidney injury (AKI).DESIGN:Retrospective cohort, 2003 to 2017.SETTING:Sixteen-bed PICU in a university-affiliated tertiary care hospital.PATIENTS:Admissions to the PICU with ALF underwent data review of the first week and at least 90-day follow-up. Patients with stages 2–3 AKI using the British Association of pediatric Nephrology definitions, or receiving continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) for renal indications, were defined as severe AKI. We excluded ALF cases on CRRT for hepatic-only indications.INTERVENTIONS:None.MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:Baseline characteristics, proportion with severe AKI, illness severity and interventions, and outcomes (i.e., transplant, survival with native liver, overall survival, duration of PICU stay, and mechanical ventilation). Ninety-four children with ALF admitted to the PICU were included. Over the first week, 29 had severe AKI, and another eight received CRRT for renal/mixed reno-hepatic indications; hence, the total severe AKI cohort was 37 of 94 (39.4%). In a multivariable logistic regression model, peak aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and requirement for inotropes on arrival were associated with severe AKI. Severe AKI was associated with longer PICU stay and duration of ventilation, and lower spontaneous survival with native liver. In another model, severe AKI was associated with greater odds of mortality (odds ratio 7.34 [95% CI, 1.90–28.28],p= 0.004). After 90 days, 3 of 17 survivors of severe AKI had serum creatinine greater than the upper limit of normal for age.CONCLUSIONS:Many children with ALF in the PICU develop severe AKI. Severe AKI is associated with the timecourse of PICU admission and outcome, including survival with native liver. Future work should look at ALF goal directed renoprotective strategies at the time of presentation.