bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subjective experience and meaning of psychoses: the German Subjective Sense in Psychosis Questionnaire (SUSE)
Authors: Klapheck K. , Nordmeyer S. , Cronjäger H. , Naber D. , Bock T. 
Published: July 2011

BackgroundClinical research on subjective determinants of recovery and health has increased, but no instrument has been developed to assess the subjective experience and meaning of psychoses. We have therefore constructed and validated the Subjective Sense in Psychosis Questionnaire (SUSE) to measure sense making in psychotic disorders.MethodSUSE was based on an item pool generated by professionals and patients. For pre-testing, 90 psychosis patients completed the instrument. Psychometric properties were assessed using methods of classical test theory. In the main study, SUSE was administered to a representative sample of 400 patients. Factor structure, reliability and validity were assessed and confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were used for testing subscale coherence and adequacy of the hypothesized factor structure. Response effects due to clinical settings were tested using multilevel analyses.ResultsThe final version of SUSE comprises 34 items measuring distinct aspects of the experience and meaning of psychoses in a consistent overall model with six coherent subscales representing positive and negative meanings throughout the course of psychotic disorders. Multilevel analyses indicate independence from clinical context effects. Patients relating psychotic experiences to life events assessed their symptoms and prospects more positively. 76% of patients assumed a relationship between their biography and the emergence of psychosis, 42% reported positive experience of symptoms and 74% ascribed positive consequences to their psychosis.ConclusionsSUSE features good psychometric qualities and offers an empirical acquisition to subjective assessment of psychosis. The results highlight the significance of subjective meaning making in psychoses and support a more biographical and in-depth psychological orientation for treatment.
Drug cue induced overshadowing: selective disruption of natural reward processing by cigarette cues amongst abstinent but not satiated smokers
Authors: Freeman T. P. , Morgan C. J. A. , Beesley T. , Curran H. V. 
Published: July 2011

BackgroundAddicts show both reward processing deficits and increased salience attribution to drug cues. However, no study to date has demonstrated that salience attribution to drug cues can directly modulate inferences of reward value to non-drug cues. Associative learning depends on salience: a more salient predictor of an outcome will ‘overshadow’ a less salient predictor of the same outcome. Similarly, blocking, a demonstration that learning depends on prediction error, can be influenced by the salience of the cues employed.MethodThis study investigated whether salient drug cues might interact with neutral cues predicting financial reward in an associative learning task indexing blocking and overshadowing in satiated smokers (n=24), abstaining smokers (n=24) and non-smoking controls (n=24). Attentional bias towards drug cues, craving and expired CO were also indexed.ResultsAbstaining smokers showed drug cue induced overshadowing, attributing higher reward value to drug cues than to neutral cues that were equally predictive of reward. Overshadowing was positively correlated with expired CO levels, which, in turn, were correlated with craving in abstainers. An automatic attentional bias towards cigarette cues was found in abstainers only.ConclusionsThese findings provide the first evidence that drug cues interact with reward processing in a drug dependent population.
On Sumsets of Convex Sets
Authors: SCHOEN TOMASZ , SHKREDOV ILYA D. 
Published: July 2011

A set of reals A = {a1,. . .,an} is called convex if ai+1 − ai > ai − ai−1 for all i. We prove, among other results, that for some c > 0 every convex A satisfies |A−A| ≥ c|A|8/5log−2/5|A|.
Expression patterns of mRNAs for methanotrophy and thiotrophy in symbionts of the hydrothermal vent mussel Bathymodiolus puteoserpentis
Authors: Wendeberg Annelie , Zielinski Frank U , Borowski Christian , Dubilier Nicole 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
The hydrothermal vent mussel Bathymodiolus puteoserpentis (Mytilidae) from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge hosts symbiotic sulfur- and methane-oxidizing bacteria in its gills. In this study, we investigated the activity and distribution of these two symbionts in juvenile mussels from the Logatchev hydrothermal vent field (14°45′N Mid-Atlantic Ridge). Expression patterns of two key genes for chemosynthesis were examined: pmoA (encoding subunit A of the particulate methane monooxygenase) as an indicator for methanotrophy, and aprA (encoding the subunit A of the dissimilatory adenosine-5′-phosphosulfate reductase) as an indicator for thiotrophy. Using simultaneous fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of rRNA and mRNA we observed highest mRNA FISH signals toward the ciliated epithelium where seawater enters the gills. The levels of mRNA expression differed between individual specimens collected in a single grab from the same sampling site, whereas no obvious differences in symbiont abundance or distribution were observed. We propose that the symbionts respond to the steep temporal and spatial gradients in methane, reduced sulfur compounds and oxygen by modifying gene transcription, whereas changes in symbiont abundance and distribution take much longer than regulation of mRNA expression and may only occur in response to long-term changes in vent fluid geochemistry.
RNA interference‐mediated silencing of focal adhesion kinase inhibits growth of human malignant glioma xenograft in nude mice
Authors: Wang Guan‐Jie , Ma Yong‐Ping , Yang Yang , Zhang Na , Wang Wei , Liu Sheng‐Yong , Chen Li‐Juan , Jiang Yu , Zhao Xia , Wei Yu‐Quan , Deng Hong‐Xin 
Published: July 2011

AbstractFAK (focal adhesion kinase), which plays a pivotal role in mediating cell proliferation, survival and migration, is frequently overexpressed in human malignant glioma. The expression of FAK increases with the advance of tumour grade and stage. Based on these observations, we hypothesized that attenuation of FAK expression may have inhibitory effects on the growth of malignant glioma. In the present study, human glioma cell line U251 was transfected with plasmids containing U6 promoter‐driven shRNAs (small‐hairpin RNAs) against human FAK using cationic liposome. The effects of FAK knockdown in U251 cells in vitro were analysed by using flow cytometry and PI (propidium iodide)‐staining assays. Based on the encouraging in vitro results with FAK silencing, plasmids encoding FAK‐targeted shRNA were encapsulated by DOTAP (dioleoyltrimethylammonium propane): Chol (cholesterol) cationic liposome and injected via tail vein to evaluate its therapeutic efficiency on suppressing tumour growth in a human glioma xenograft model. PCNA (proliferating‐cell nuclear antigen), CD34 immunostaining and TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick‐end labelling) assay were used to assess the changes in tumour angiogenesis, apoptosis and proliferation respectively. The results indicated that DOTAP:Chol cationic liposome could deliver therapeutic plasmids systemically to tumour xenografts, resulting in suppression of tumour growth. Treatment with plasmid encoding FAK‐targeted shRNA reduced mean tumour volume by approx. 70% compared with control groups (P<0.05), accompanied with angiogenesis inhibition (P<0.05), tumour cell proliferation suppression (P<0.05) and apoptosis induction (P<0.05). Taken together, our results demonstrated that shRNA‐mediated silencing of FAK might be a potential therapeutic approach against human malignant glioma.
THE POSITIONING OF TRANSNATIONALLY MOBILE EUROPEANS IN THE GERMAN LABOUR MARKET
Authors: Verwiebe Roland , Eder Klaus 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACT
This article analyses the economic integration of transnationally mobile Europeans into the German labour market. The measure used for the degree of integration is their relative income. Specifically, the article attempts to answer the question, whether and to which degree the integration of transnationally mobile Europeans into the labour market depends on their national origins or on their social origins. Based on the concept of transnational social mobility which goes beyond classical migration research, we will point out the factors that position mobile Europeans in the labour market and the feedback effects on national class systems. The results show that it is not national origin but social-structural characteristics that explains the positioning of EU-transnationals. The empirical basis of this article is primary data on Berlin's labour market gathered in the beginning of 2002.
PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMS: THE SINEWS OF EUROPEAN URBAN CITIZENSHIP?
Authors: Wickham James 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACT
Public transport is often given a key role in the reinvigoration of European cities. The paper explores the relationship between urban citizenship and urban transport through a study of four cities (Athens, Bologna, Dublin and Helsinki). Urban citizenship is considered to comprise both ‘social cohesion’, i.e., the participation in the public space of the city, and ‘social inclusion’, the right of all inhabitants to physical mobility within the city and hence to access employment and social facilities. Despite the claims of urban planners, there is only weak evidence that reducing car usage contributes to social cohesion, but there is however stronger evidence that reducing car dependency contributes to social inclusion.
Star configuration points and generic plane curves
Authors: Carlini Enrico , Van Tuyl Adam 
Published: July 2011

Let

ℓ
1

,
…
,

ℓ
l

\ell _1,\ldots ,\ell _l

be

l
l

lines in

P

2

\mathbb {P}^2

such that no three lines meet in a point. Let

X

(
l
)

\mathbb {X}(l)

be the set of points

{

ℓ
i

∩

ℓ
j

|

1
≤
i
>
j
≤
l
}
⊆

P

2

\{\ell _i \cap \ell _j ~|~ 1 \leq i > j \leq l\} \subseteq \mathbb {P}^2

. We call

X

(
l
)

\mathbb {X}(l)

a star configuration. We describe all pairs

(
d
,
l
)

(d,l)

such that the generic degree

d
d

curve in

P

2

\mathbb {P}^2

contains an

X

(
l
)

\mathbb {X}(l)

. Our proof strategy uses both a theoretical and an explicit algorithmic approach. We also describe how one may extend our algorithmic approach to similar problems.
Abscisic Acid Plays an Important Role in the Regulation of Strawberry Fruit Ripening
Authors: Jia Hai-Feng , Chai Ye-Mao , Li Chun-Li , Lu Dong , Luo Jing-Jing , Qin Ling , Shen Yuan-Yue 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) has been suggested to play a role in fruit development, but supporting genetic evidence has been lacking. Here, we report that ABA promotes strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) fruit ripening. Using a newly established Tobacco rattle virus-induced gene silencing technique in strawberry fruit, the expression of a 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase gene (FaNCED1), which is key to ABA biosynthesis, was down-regulated, resulting in a significant decrease in ABA levels and uncolored fruits. Interestingly, a similar uncolored phenotype was observed in the transgenic RNA interference (RNAi) fruits, in which the expression of a putative ABA receptor gene encoding the magnesium chelatase H subunit (FaCHLH/ABAR) was down-regulated by virus-induced gene silencing. More importantly, the uncolored phenotype of the FaNCED1-down-regulated RNAi fruits could be rescued by exogenous ABA, but the ABA treatment could not reverse the uncolored phenotype of the FaCHLH/ABAR-down-regulated RNAi fruits. We observed that down-regulation of the FaCHLH/ABAR gene in the RNAi fruit altered both ABA levels and sugar content as well as a set of ABA- and/or sugar-responsive genes. Additionally, we showed that exogenous sugars, particularly sucrose, can significantly promote ripening while stimulating ABA accumulation. These data provide evidence that ABA is a signal molecule that promotes strawberry ripening and that the putative ABA receptor, FaCHLH/ABAR, is a positive regulator of ripening in response to ABA.
Genetic polymorphisms in bovine transferrin receptor 2 (TFR2) and solute carrier family 40 (iron‐regulated transporter), member 1 (SLC40A1) genes and their association with beef iron content
Authors: Duan Q. , Tait Jr R. G. , Mayes M. S. , Garrick D. J. , Liu Q. , Van Eenennaam A. L. , Mateescu R. G. , Van Overbeke D. L. , Garmyn A. J. , Beitz D. C. , Reecy J. M. 
Published: July 2011

SummaryBeef is considered to be an excellent source of dietary iron. However, little is known about the genetic control of beef iron content. We hypothesized that genetic polymorphisms in transferrin receptor 2 (TFR2) and solute carrier family 40 (iron‐regulated transporter), member 1 (SLC40A1) could influence skeletal muscle iron content. The objective of this study was to use Angus cattle to identify single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the exons and flanking regions of the bovine TFR2 and SLC40A1 genes and to evaluate the extent to which genetic variation in them was associated with bovine longissimus dorsi muscle iron content. Ten novel SNPs were identified in TFR2, of which one SNP tended to be associated (P < 0.013) with skeletal muscle iron content. Nine novel SNPs in SLC40A1, NC007300: rs133108154, rs137140497, rs135205621, rs136600836, rs134388440, rs136347850, rs134186279, rs134621419 and rs137555693, were identified, of which SNPs rs134388440, rs136347850 and rs137555693 were significantly associated (P < 0.007) with skeletal muscle iron content. High linkage disequilibrium was observed among SLC40A1 SNPs rs134388440, rs136347850 and rs137555693 (R2 > 0.99), from which two haplotypes, TGC and CAT, were defined. Beef from individuals that were homozygous for the TGC haplotype had significantly (P < 0.001) higher iron content than did beef from CAT homozygous or heterozygous individuals. The estimated size of effect of the identified haplotypes was 0.3% of the phenotypic variance. In conclusion, our study provides evidence for genetic control of beef iron concentration. Moreover, SNPs identified in SLC40A1, rs134388440, rs136347850 and rs137555693 might be useful markers for the selection of Angus cattle for altered iron content.
A phase I study of a combination of anti‐CD19 and anti‐CD22 immunotoxins (Combotox) in adult patients with refractory B‐lineage acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Schindler John , Gajavelli Srikanth , Ravandi Farhad , Shen YuMin , Parekh Samir , Braunchweig Ira , Barta Stefan , Ghetie Victor , Vitetta Ellen , Verma Amit 
Published: July 2011

SummaryNovel agents are needed for patients with refractory and relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Combotox is a 1:1 mixture of two immunotoxins (ITs), prepared by coupling deglycosylated ricin A chain (dgRTA) to monoclonal antibodies directed against CD22 (RFB4‐dgRTA) and CD19 (HD37‐dgRTA). Pre‐clinical data demonstrated that Combotox was effective in killing both pre‐B‐ALL cell lines and cells from patients with pre‐B ALL. A clinical study of paediatric patients in which 3 of 17 patients with ALL experienced complete remission, supported the preclinical work and motivated this study. This study was a Phase I, dose‐escalation trial using Combotox in adults with refractory or relapsed B‐lineage‐ALL. A cycle consisted of three doses, with one dose given every other day. Dose levels were 3, 5, 6, 7 and 8 mg/m2 per dose. Seventeen patients, aged 19–72 years, were enrolled in this multi‐institution study. The maximum tolerated dose was 7 mg/m2/dose (21 mg/m2/cycle) and vascular leak syndrome was the dose‐limiting toxicity. Two patients developed reversible grade 3 elevations in liver function tests. One patient achieved partial remission and proceeded to allogeneic stem cell transplantation. All patients with peripheral blasts experienced decreased blast counts following the administration of Combotox. Thus, Combotox can be safely administered to adults with refractory leukaemia.
Drug‐specific cyclodextrins with emphasis on sugammadex, the neuromuscular blocker rocuronium and perioperative anaphylaxis: implications for drug allergy
Authors: Baldo B. A. , McDonnell N. J. , Pham N. H. 
Published: July 2011

SummaryCyclodextrins, oligosaccharides linked in a circular arrangement around a central cavity, are used extensively in the pharmaceutical industry to improve drug delivery. Their usefulness depends on their capacity to form a drug inclusion, or host–guest, complex within the cavity. In an attempt to improve the delivery of the widely used neuromuscular blocking drug (NMBD) rocuronium, a rocuronium inclusion complex was formed with a chemically modified γ‐cyclodextrin. The high binding affinity and specificity of the modified carrier (named sugammadex) for rocuronium (and other aminosteroid NMBDs) led to its use in anaesthesia as an innovative and useful agent for rapid reversal of rocuronium‐induced neuromuscular block by sequestering the drug as an inclusion complex. This, in turn, led to the suggestion that sugammadex might be useful to remove the NMBD from the circulation of patients experiencing rocuronium‐induced anaphylaxis, a suggestion subsequently supported in case reports where traditional treatment had failed. Successful resuscitations suggested that sugammadex might be a valuable new treatment for such intractable cases but, given the inappropriateness of clinical trials, confirmation or refutation will have to await the slow accumulation of results of individual case reports. Important questions related to antibody accessibility of drug allergenic structures on the rocuronium–sugammadex inclusion complex, and the competition between sugammadex and IgE antibodies (both free and cell bound) for rocuronium, also remain and can be investigated in vitro. The sugammadex findings indicate that the use of carrier molecules such as the cyclodextrins to improve drug delivery will sometimes give rise to changed immunologic and allergenic behaviour of some drugs and this will have to be taken into account in preclinical drug safety assessments of drug–carrier complexes. The possibility of encapsulating and removing other allergenic drugs, e.g., penicillins and cephalosporins, in cases of difficult‐to‐reverse anaphylaxis to these drugs is discussed.
Cite this as: B. A. Baldo, N. J. McDonnell and N. H. Pham, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2011 (41) 1663–1678.
In vitroandin vivoreactivity to fungal cell wall agents in sarcoidosis
Authors: Terčelj M , Stopinšek S , Ihan A , Salobir B , Simčič S , Wraber B , Rylander R 
Published: July 2011

SummarySarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease. Epidemiological and treatment studies suggest that fungi play a part in the pathogenesis. The aim of this work was to study the effect of fungal cell wall agents (FCWA) on the in vitro secretion of cytokines from peripheral blood monocytes from subjects with sarcoidosis and relate the results to fungal exposure at home and clinical findings. Subjects with sarcoidosis (n = 22) and controls (n = 20) participated. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with soluble or particulate β-glucan (S-glucan, P-glucan), chitin or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), whereafter tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10 and IL-12 were measured. The severity of sarcoidosis was determined using a chest X-ray-based score. Serum cytokines (IL-2R, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12) were determined. To measure domestic fungal exposure, air in the bedrooms was sampled on filters. N-acetylhexosaminidase (NAHA) on the filters was measured as a marker of fungal cell biomass. The induced secretion of cytokines was higher from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from subjects with sarcoidosis. P-glucan was more potent than S-glucan inducing a secretion. Chitin had a small effect. Among subjects with sarcoidosis there was a significant relation between the spontaneous PBMC production of IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 and the NAHA levels at home. The P-glucan induced secretion of IL-12 was related to the duration of symptoms at the time of diagnosis. Their X-ray scores were related to an increased secretion of cytokines after stimulation with LPS or P-glucan. Subjects with sarcoidosis have a higher reactivity to FCWA in vitro and to home exposure. The influence of FCWA on inflammatory cells and their interference with the inflammatory defense mechanisms in terms of cytokine secretion could be important factors for the development of sarcoidosis.
Ownership type and team climate in elderly care facilities: the moderating effect of stress factors
Authors: Heponiemi Tarja , Elovainio Marko , Kouvonen Anne , Noro Anja , Finne‐Soveri Harriet , Sinervo Timo 
Published: July 2011

heponiemi t., elovainio m., kouvonen a., noro a., finne‐soveri h. & sinervo t. (2012) Ownership type and team climate in elderly care facilities: the moderating effect of stress factors. Journal of Advanced Nursing68(3), 647–657.AbstractAims.  This paper is a report of a study examining the association between ownership type and perceived team climate among older people care staff. In addition, we examined whether work stress factors (time pressure, resident‐related stress, role conflicts and role ambiguity) mediated or moderated the above mentioned association.Background.  There has been a trend towards contracting out in older people care facilities in Finland and the number of private for‐profit firms has increased. Studies suggest that there may be differences in employee well‐being and quality of care according to the ownership type of older people care.Methods.  Cross‐sectional survey data was collected during the autumn of 2007 from 1084 Finnish female older people care staff aged 18–69 years were used. Team Climate Inventory was used to measure team climate. Ownership type was divided into four categories: for‐profit sheltered homes, not‐for‐profit sheltered homes, public sheltered homes and not‐for‐profit nursing homes. Analyses of covariance were used to examine the associations.Results.  Team climate dimensions participative safety, vision and support for innovation were higher in not‐for‐profit organizations (both sheltered homes and nursing homes) compared to for‐profit sheltered homes and public sheltered homes. Stress factors did not account for these associations but acted as moderators in a way that in terms of task orientation and participative safety employees working in for‐profit organizations seemed to be slightly more sensitive to work‐related stress than others.Conclusion.  Our results suggest that for‐profit organizations and public organizations may have difficulties in maintaining their team climate. In consequence, these organizations should focus more effort on improving their team climate.