bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fourier transform microwave spectrum of and Born–Oppenheimer breakdown effects in tungsten monoxide, WOThis article is part of a Special Issue on Spectroscopy at the University of New Brunswick in honour of Colan Linton and Ron Lees.Dedicated to Ronald M. Lees and Colan Linton, in recognition of their outstanding contributions to science.
Authors: Krumrey Christine , Cooke Stephen A. , Russell Douglas K. , Gerry Michael C.L. 
Published: September 2009

Rotational transitions of eight isotopomers of tungsten monoxide, WO, in its X0+ ground electronic state, have been measured in the frequency range 22–26 GHz, using a cavity Fourier transform microwave spectrometer. The samples were prepared by laser ablation of W metal in the presence of O2 and stabilized in pulsed supersonic jets of Ne or Ar. Only the J = 1–0 transition was accessible within the frequency range of the spectrometer. It was measured for the ground (v = 0) and two excited (v = 1, 2) vibrational states. Hyperfine structure due to 183W nuclear spin-rotation coupling was found for 183WO. The overall spectral fit used a Dunham-type expression including Born–Oppenheimer breakdown parameters. Only the v = 0 and 1 states could be fit to the measurement accuracy because of a small perturbation of the v = 2 state. It was necessary to account for the finite nuclear size of the W nucleus in the fit. The resulting parameter V 01W agreed well with a value calculated using density functional theory. Equilibrium internuclear distances re have been evaluated.
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements of H2O-broadened half-widths of CO2 at 4.3 μmThis article is part of a Special Issue on Spectroscopy at the University of New Brunswick in honour of Colan Linton and Ron Lees.
Authors: Sung Keeyoon , Brown Linda R. , Toth Robert A. , Crawford Timothy J. 
Published: September 2009

To support remote sensing of carbon dioxide in the troposphere, H2O pressure-broadened half-widths were obtained for 182 lines of CO2 in the 2250–2390 cm–1 region. For this, six spectra of CO2 were recorded at 0.003 89 cm–1 resolution using a Bruker IFS-125HR at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The absorption cell length was 6.14 cm, and the water pressures ranged from 20.1 to 26.5 torr (1 torr = 133.322 4 Pa) near room temperatures. Partial pressures of the species in the mixtures were determined by measuring selected line intensities in the v3 band of CO2 and the v2 band of H2O. Sample temperatures were validated by deriving rotational temperature from the v3 and v2 + v3 – v2 intensities of 12CO2 and those of CO (1–0). Positions, intensities, and half-widths were retrieved spectrum by spectrum using a nonlinear least-squares line-fitting algorithm, employing a standard Voigt line shape profile and an instrumental line shape consisting of a sinc function with aperture correction. Half-widths obtained for both the fundamental and the hot band of 12CO2 and the fundamental v3 band of 13CO2 had similar values. While half-widths of CO2 broadened by other atmospheric gases (such as N2, O2, CO2, and air) tend to decrease with increasing rotational quantum number J″, the H2O-broadened half-widths were observed to increase for intermediate J′′ (8 ≤ J′′ ≤ 42): ∼0.127 cm–1 atm–1 near J′′ = 8, and increasing to ∼0.143 cm–1 atm–1 (1 atm = 101.325 kPa) towards J″ = 42. Moreover, for 10 ≤ J″ ≤ 40, the empirical widths were within ∼2%−3% of theoretical calculations. Since water vapor could reach up to 5% of ambient atmospheric surface pressure in the tropical regions, water broadened half-widths are required to model tropospheric CO2, particularly for high-precision remote sensing, to achieve a sub-percent precision in the measurements of CO2 column averaged mixing ratio. Since little vibrational dependence in line broadening has been seen, these results at 4.3 µm can be used for other bands of CO2.
Vibrational dependence of the rotational, spin-orbit splitting, and lambda-doubling parameters in the C″5Πui state of N2 This article is part of a Special Issue on Spectroscopy at the University of New Brunswick in honour of Colan Linton and Ron Lees.
Authors: Pirali O. , Tokaryk D. W. , Vervloet M. 
Published: September 2009

We have recorded the high-resolution emission spectrum of the Herman infrared band (C″5Πui–A′5Σ g+ ) system of N2 in the 8000–15000 cm–1 range from an experimental set-up coupling a corona discharge with a supersonic expansion. The analysis of four new bands has permitted us to determine spectroscopic parameters of the v′ = 0 and v′ = 1 vibrational levels of the C″5Πui state and to study the vibrational dependence of the molecular parameters over the range v′ = 0 to v′ = 4. In particular, the values of the spin-orbit coupling and the Λ–doubling parameters are discussed.
Seasonal fruiting and sporulation of Thekopsora and Chrysomyxa cone rusts in Norway spruce cones and alternate hosts in Finland
Authors: Kaitera Juha , Tillman-Sutela Eila , Kauppi Anneli 
Published: September 2009

The need to improve control of cone rust epidemics led us to investigate seasonal fruiting and sporulation of cone rusts in Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L.) Karst.) cones and alternate hosts in 2006–2008. Spermogonia of Chrysomyxa pirolata Wint. and aecia of Thekopsora areolata (Fr.) Magnus developed in current-year cones in June, whereas C. pirolata aecia developed and started to sporulate in July. Thekopsora areolata aecia sporulated mainly in previous-year cones in May–August. Uredinia, telia, and basidia of C. pirolata developed in overwintered Pyrola sp. and Orthilia secunda L. leaves in May and sporulated in May–June. Uredinia of T. areolata developed in current-year Prunus padus L. leaves in June and sporulated in June–August. Telia of T. areolata developed in late summer, but no basidia were observed in overwintered Prunus padus leaves in March–May. Only minor variation occurred at the time of fruiting and sporulation of cone rusts both among cones and leaves of alternate hosts. Periods of high daily rainfall in May coincided with the epidemic peaks during female flowering in 2006. Dry periods in May coincided with high C. pirolata uredinia and low telia production on alternate hosts. However, monthly rainfall during pollination did not explain the epidemic rust patterns in cones. Timing of disease control is discussed.
Effects of oviposition by periodical cicadas on tree growth
Authors: Clay Keith , Shelton Angela L. , Winkle Chuck 
Published: September 2009

Periodical cicadas ( Magicicada spp.) occur at very high densities and synchronously emerge from underground every 13 or 17 years. During the emergence, adults lay eggs in tree branches, causing significant damage; however, the long-term impact of this damage is unknown. We conducted two large-scale field studies during the 2004 emergence of one brood (Brood X) to measure the growth of trees in relation to oviposition damage by periodical cicadas. In the first experiment, we netted areas to exclude cicadas from plots in 15 early successional forests and then measured trunk circumference for 3 years on more than 4000 trees of 52 species. In this experiment, oviposition had no detectable effect on the growth rates of trees. In the second study, we measured oviposition on 12 common tree species across six sites. We then measured the annual growth rings of these trees for 3 years after the emergence. In this experiment, oviposition was correlated with a slightly reduced growth in the emergence year and following year when the data were analyzed together, but when tree species were examined individually there were no clear effects of oviposition on tree growth. These data suggest cicada oviposition has little effect on the radial growth of trees, particularly in comparison to other factors.
Chemical pretreatment of Thuja occidentalis tree rings: implications for dendroisotopic studies
Authors: Au Robert , Tardif Jacques C. 
Published: September 2009

Whether or not extractives, lignin, and (or) hemicelluloses, all of which have specific isotopic signatures, should be removed prior to dendroisotopic analysis is still debated. This study reports the range of modern tree-ring δ13C values of cellulose from Thuja occidentalis L., a species that has been under-utilized in dendroisotopic research despite its broad distribution and great longevity in North America. The main objective of the study was to recommend a wood component from T. occidentalis to isolate for future δ13C dendroisotopic analyses. Annually resolved tree-ring decadal segments common to eight T. occidentalis trees were excised from cross sections and homogenized. The tree-ring decadal segment from each tree was then chemically processed from untreated whole wood to extractive-free wood, to holocellulose, and to α-cellulose. Subsamples were analyzed for δ13C, percent carbon, and percent yield after each stage of chemical treatment. We recommend that holocellulose be extracted for T. occidentalis, as the α-cellulose yield may be too low when tree-ring samples are very small. The δ13C values for T. occidentalis tree rings were found to be enriched with respect to those for needle-leaved conifers but in close agreement with those reported in the literature for other scale-leaved evergreens.
Small-mammal response to group-selection silvicultural systems in Engelmann spruce – subalpine fir forests 14 years postharvest
Authors: Ransome Douglas B. , Lindgren Pontus M.F. , Waterhouse Michaela J. , Armleder Harold M. , Sullivan Thomas P. 
Published: September 2009

Concerns about the impacts of clear-cut harvesting on ecosystem components in subalpine forests have generated a variety of alternative silvicultural systems in high-elevation forests in western North America. We examined responses of forest-floor small mammals, 14 years posttreatment, in four replicate units, uncut forest, a 1.0 ha group-selection cut, a large (>30 ha) clearcut, and the edge between the group-selection cut and uncut forest, in the Engelmann Spruce ( Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.) – Subalpine Fir ( Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.) biogeoclimatic zone in south-central British Columbia, Canada. Populations of small mammals were livetrapped during five sessions from June to September 2006. The mean abundance of southern red-backed voles ( Myodes gapperi Vigors) was significantly lower on large clearcuts than in uncut old-growth forests, with intermediate numbers in 1 ha cuts. The opposite trend was found for dusky shrews ( Sorex monticolus Merriam), while there was no significant difference in mean abundance of deer mice ( Peromyscus maniculatus Wagner) among treatments. Trappability, proportion of adult females breeding, and rate of survival of red-backed voles and deer mice were similar among treatments. Our results suggest that group-selection silviculture conducted in subalpine forests may have fewer negative impacts on the small-mammal community than large clearcuts.
The Use of Predictive or Prognostic Genetic Biomarkers in Endometrial and Other Hormone-Related Cancers: Justification for Extensive Candidate Gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Studies of the Matrix Metalloproteinase Family and their Inhibitors
Authors: O'Mara Tracy A. , Clements Judith A. , Spurdle Amanda B. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractGenome-wide association studies have accelerated the discovery of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) associated with susceptibility to complex diseases, including many malignancies. The matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family of proteases are involved in many cell processes, most notably the degradation of the extracellular matrix, and differences in gene and protein expression have been reported to be associated with many cancers. Surprisingly, none of the SNPs located within these genes have been identified to be associated with cancer in the genome-wide association studies published to date. This may be in part due to the proportion and the tagging efficiency of MMP SNPs covered by high-throughput genotyping chips. This review will provide an overview of current evidence for MMPs and associated SNPs in endometrial and other hormone-related cancers, to provide justification for the further detailed studies of MMP SNPs as cancer markers. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(9):2352–65)
Association of Alcohol Intake and Smoking with Malignant Lymphoma Risk in Japanese: A Hospital-Based Case-Control Study at Aichi Cancer Center
Authors: Kanda Junya , Matsuo Keitaro , Kawase Takakazu , Suzuki Takeshi , Ichinohe Tatsuo , Seto Masao , Morishima Yasuo , Tajima Kazuo , Tanaka Hideo 
Published: September 2009

AbstractGiven the lower incidence and differences in distribution of malignant lymphoma in Asian than western populations, the association of alcohol intake and smoking with malignant lymphoma risk in Asian populations merits investigation. Here, we conducted a sex- and age-matched case-control study of a Japanese population using two data sets, the first and second versions of the Hospital-based Epidemiological Research Program at Aichi Cancer Center Hospital (HERPACC-I and HERPACC-II, respectively), in 452 and 330 cases of histologically diagnosed malignant lymphoma and 2,260 and 1,650 noncancer controls, respectively. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated using a conditional logistic regression model that incorporated smoking exposure and alcohol intake. Compared with nondrinking, consumption of ≥50 g/d by frequent drinkers was associated with significantly decreased risk in both data sets [OR (95% CI), 0.70 (0.53-0.93) for HERPACC-I and 0.40 (0.23-0.68) for HERPACC-II]. Given similar findings among groups, we used pooled data sets in subsequent analyses. For any alcohol intake versus nondrinking, point estimates of OR were less than unity for all four malignant lymphoma subtypes. In contrast, pack-years of smoking were associated with increased malignant lymphoma risk: relative to the reference (0-4 pack-years), OR (95% CI) were 1.32 (1.02-1.71), 1.39 (1.07-1.80), and 1.48 (1.12-1.95) for 5 to 19, 20 to 39, and ≥40 pack-years, respectively. This association with smoking was less apparent for all subtypes, except Hodgkin's lymphoma. In conclusion, we found that alcohol had an inverse association with malignant lymphoma risk across all malignant lymphoma subtypes in our Japanese subjects. Smoking appeared to be positively associated with malignant lymphoma risk, but this finding may vary by subtype.(Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(9):2436–41)
Germ-Line Mutations in Mismatch Repair Genes Associated with Prostate Cancer
Authors: Grindedal Eli Marie , Møller Pål , Eeles Ros , Stormorken Astrid Tenden , Bowitz-Lothe Inger Marie , Landrø Stefan Magnus , Clark Neal , Kvåle Rune , Shanley Susan , Mæhle Lovise 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Genetic predisposition to prostate cancer includes multiple common variants with a low penetrance (single nucleotide polymorphisms) and rare variants with higher penetrance. The mismatch repair (MMR) genes MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2 are associated with Lynch syndrome where colon and endometrial cancers are the predominant phenotypes. The purpose of our study was to investigate whether germ-line mutations in these genes may be associated with prostate cancer. One hundred and six male carriers or obligate carriers of MMR mutations were identified. Nine had contracted prostate cancer. Immunohistochemical analysis was done on tumor tissue from eight of the nine tumors. Observed incidence, cumulative risk at 60 and 70 years of age, age of onset, and Gleason score were compared with expected as assessed from population-based series. Absence of gene product from the mutated MMR gene was found in seven of eight tumors. Expected number of prostate cancers was 1.52 compared with 9 observed (P &lt; 0.01). Mean age of onset of prostate cancer was 60.4 years compared with 66.6 expected (P = 0.006); the number of men with a Gleason score between 8 and 10 was significantly higher than expected (P &lt; 0.00001). Kaplan-Meier analysis suggested that cumulative risk by 70 years in MMR mutation carriers may be 30% (SE, 0.088) compared with 8.0% in the general population. This is similar to the high risk associated with BRCA2 mutations. To our knowledge, this study is the first to indicate that the MMR genes may be among the rare genetic variants that confer a high risk of prostate cancer when mutated. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(9):2460–7)
Serum Fatty Acid Synthase as a Marker of Pancreatic Neoplasia
Authors: Walter Kim , Hong Seung-Mo , Nyhan Sinead , Canto Marcia , Fedarko Neal , Klein Alison , Griffith Margaret , Omura Noriyuki , Medghalchi Susan , Kuhajda Frank , Goggins Michael 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Markers of early pancreatic cancer and its precursors are needed to improve the uniformly poor prognosis of this disease. Fatty acid synthase (FAS) catalyzes the synthesis of long-chain fatty acids and is overexpressed in most human solid tumors. We therefore evaluated serum FAS as a marker of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. FAS expression patterns in primary pancreatic adenocarcinomas, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN), and chronic pancreatitis tissues were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Serum FAS levels were determined by ELISA in 102 patients with pancreatic adenocarcinomas, in 42 patients with IPMNs, in 27 patients with chronic pancreatitis, and in 39 healthy control subjects. FAS protein was overexpressed in the ductal epithelium of 343 of 399 primary pancreatic adenocarcinomas (86.0%) and 28 of 30 IPMNs (93.3%), and in the islet and ductal cells in 3 of 54 chronic pancreatitis tissues (5.6%), whereas normal ductal epithelium lacked FAS expression. Serum FAS levels were significantly higher in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (first quartile median, 22.0; 4.5 ng/mL), in patients with IPMNs (20.7; 9.4 ng/mL), and in patients with chronic pancreatitis (31.1; 11.9 ng/mL) than in healthy controls (0; 0 ng/mL). FAS levels declined postoperatively in 8 of 9 patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma and elevations of their preoperative serum FAS. In conclusion, serum FAS levels are elevated in patients with pancreatic cancer and IPMNs and are associated with neoplastic overexpression of FAS. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(9):2380–5)
The 6q22.33 Locus and Breast Cancer Susceptibility
Authors: Kirchhoff Tomas , Chen Zhang-qun , Gold Bert , Pal Prodipto , Gaudet Mia M. , Kosarin Kristi , Levine Douglas A. , Gregersen Peter , Spencer Sara , Harlan Megan , Robson Mark , Klein Robert J. , Hudis Clifford A. , Norton Larry , Dean Michael , Offit Kenneth 
Published: September 2009

AbstractRecently, we identified a novel breast cancer susceptibility locus at 6q22.33 following a genome-wide association study in the Ashkenazi Jewish genetic isolate. To replicate these findings, we did a case-control association analysis on 6q22.33 (rs2180341) in an additional 487 Ashkenazi Jewish breast cancer cases and in an independent non-Jewish, predominantly European American, population of 1,466 breast cancer cases and 1,467 controls. We confirmed the 6q22.33 association with breast cancer risk in the replication cohorts [per-allele odds ratio (OR), 1.18; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.04-1.33; P = 0.0083], with the strongest effect in the aggregate meta-analysis of 3,039 breast cancer cases and 2,616 Ashkenazi Jewish and non-Jewish controls (per-allele OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.13-1.36; P = 3.85 × 10-7). We also showed that the association was slightly stronger with estrogen receptor–positive tumors (per-allele OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.20-1.51; P = 2.2 × 10-5) compared with estrogen receptor–negative tumors (per-allele OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.97-1.47; P = 0.1). Furthermore, this study provides a novel insight into the functional significance of 6q22.33 in breast cancer susceptibility. Due to the stronger association of 6q22.33 with estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer, we examined the effect of candidate genes on estrogen receptor response elements. Upon transfection of overexpressed RNF146 in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line, we observed diminished expression of an estrogen receptor response element reporter construct. This study confirms the association of 6q22.33 with breast cancer, with slightly stronger effect in estrogen receptor–positive tumors. Further functional studies of candidate genes are in progress, and a large replication analysis is being completed as part of an international consortium. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(9):2468–75)
Alcohol Consumption and Genetic Variation inMethylenetetrahydrofolate Reductaseand5-Methyltetrahydrofolate-Homocysteine Methyltransferasein Relation to Breast Cancer Risk
Authors: Platek Mary E. , Shields Peter G. , Marian Catalin , McCann Susan E. , Bonner Matthew R. , Nie Jing , Ambrosone Christine B. , Millen Amy E. , Ochs-Balcom Heather M. , Quick Sylvia K. , Trevisan Maurizio , Russell Marcia , Nochajski Thomas H. , Edge Stephen B. , Freudenheim Jo L. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIt has been hypothesized that effects of alcohol consumption on one-carbon metabolism may explain, in part, the association of alcohol consumption with breast cancer risk. The methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase (MTR) genes express key enzymes in this pathway. We investigated the association of polymorphisms in MTHFR (rs1801133 and rs1801131) and MTR (rs1805087) with breast cancer risk and their interaction with alcohol consumption in a case-control study—the Western New York Exposures and Breast Cancer study. Cases (n = 1,063) were women with primary, incident breast cancer and controls (n = 1,890) were frequency matched to cases on age and race. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated by unconditional logistic regression. We found no association of MTHFR or MTR genotype with risk of breast cancer. In the original case-control study, there was a nonsignificant increased odds of breast cancer among women with higher lifetime drinking. In the current study, there was no evidence of an interaction of genotype and alcohol in premenopausal women. However, among postmenopausal women, there was an increase in breast cancer risk for women who were homozygote TT for MTHFR C677T and had high lifetime alcohol intake (≥1,161.84 oz; OR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.13-3.28) and for those who had a high number of drinks per drinking day (&gt;1.91 drinks/day; OR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.03-3.28) compared with nondrinkers who were homozygote CC. Our findings indicate that among postmenopausal women, increased breast cancer risk with alcohol consumption may be as a result of effects on one-carbon metabolism. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(9):2453–9)