Abstract 1644: siRNA targeting of cell cycle kinase Wee1 inhibits hepatocullar carconima growth in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Lee Yun-Han , Andersen Jesper B. , Judge Adam D. , Seo Daekwan , Raggi Chiara , Jens Marquardt U. , Conner Elizabeth A. , MacLachlan Ian , Factor Valentina M. , Thorgeirsson Snorri S. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Development of targeted therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a major challenge. Previously studies have shown that protein level and kinase activity of Wee1 are significantly elevated in HCC compared with surrounding cirrhotic tissues, although the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. Under normal conditions, Wee1 kinase plays an important role in maintaining G2 arrest through the inhibitory phosphorylation of cdc2 on Tyr-15. In the present study, we explored the possibility of Wee1 being a potential therapeutic target for HCC. To inactivate Wee1, three Wee1-specific small interfering (si) RNAs (Wee1-1, Wee1-2 and Wee1-3) were tested for growth inhibition in HCC cell lines as determined by MTT assay, FACS analysis and microscopy. To obtain insights into molecular changes caused by Wee1 silencing, global changes in gene expression were examined by illumina microarray. For in vivo evaluation of Wee1 as a therapeutic target, we employed orthotopic xenograft model using luciferase-expressing HCC reporter cell lines Huh7- and HepG2-luc+ and stable-nucleic-acid-lipid-particle (SNALP) as an optimal carrier of siRNA into liver.
Among the tested siRNA molecules, the Wee1-2siRNA was the most effective in inhibiting Huh7 and HepG2 cell growth (80% and 84%, respectively) which was paralleled by a similar decrease in the levels of target mRNA and protein. Wee1 knockdown by siRNA also caused a block in cell cycle progression and induced apoptosis of HCC cells. The comparison of gene expression profiles in HepG2 cells treated with either control siRNA or Wee1-2siRNA identified 506 differentially expressed genes (P &lt; 0.05 by bootstrap t-test). Genes functionally involved in cell proliferation, such as cdk2, cyclin B1, and Akt1, were down-regulated while cell cycle inhibitor p21 and tumor suppressor TSC2 were up-regulated. Western blotting showed that Wee1 silencing significantly increased the expression of p53 and p21 and decreased cyclin D1 protein levels in Wee1-deficient HepG2 cells, which could contribute to cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis. Wee1 5/6, a modified variant of Wee1-2siRNA, was then selected for in vivo application based on the growth inhibitory effect and minimal induction of unwanted immune response. Systemic delivery of Wee1 5/6 variant by SNALP significantly suppressed both Huh7 and HepG2 tumor growth in orthotopic xenograft model. In addition, administration of Wee1 5/6 SNALP increased the survival of mice bearing HepG2-derived tumors bearing mice in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, these results indicate that Wee1 maybe an attractive molecular target for systemic HCC therapy.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1644. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1644